bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescent depressed mood and difficulties with emotion regulation: Concurrent trajectories of change
Authors: Defayette Annamarie B. , Whitmyre Emma D. , López Roberto , Brown Bradley , Wolff Jennifer C. , Spirito Anthony , Esposito‐Smythers Christianne 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionAdolescent depression is a significant mental health concern. Emotion regulation difficulties have been associated with subsequent depressive symptoms, though different facets of emotion regulation are rarely compared. This study examined the degree to which trajectories of change in different facets of emotion regulation (goal‐directed behavior, impulse control, and regulation strategies) and depressive symptoms were associated across twelve months in a clinical adolescent sample.MethodsParticipants included 110 adolescents from the US who were enrolled in a randomized trial that tested a cognitive‐behavioral treatment for youth with co‐occurring mental health and substance use concerns (Mage = 15.71 years; 57.3% male). Assessments were conducted at baseline, 3‐, 6‐, and 12‐month follow‐ups. Three separate bivariate latent basis growth curve analyses were conducted. Correlations between latent intercepts and latent slopes, as well as overall model fit, were examined.ResultsImpulse control and goal‐directed behavior were each associated with depressive symptoms at baseline. Additionally, change in impulse control over time was significantly associated with change in depressive symptoms. However, the same was not true for goal‐directed behavior. Overall fit indices for models of emotion regulation strategies were below acceptable levels and thus could not be interpreted.ConclusionsFindings from the present study indicate that adolescents’ depressive symptoms appear to improve as their perceived ability to control impulses improves. These results suggest that addressing impulse control difficulties may be an important step in treating adolescent depression and co‐occurring disorders.
Itraconazole Improves Vulvodynia in Fungus Culture-Negative Patients Post Fluconazole Failure
Authors: Rothenberger Rodger , Jones Wendy , MacNeill Colin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Vulvodynia is a difficult condition to treat due to both the uncertain etiology of the disorder and poorly available therapies. This difficulty leads to a disproportionately high prevalence and cost of treatment for this condition. Candida vulvovaginitis is a frequent co-present diagnosis in vulvodynia patients. Whether through treatment of co-present, candida vulvovaginitis or by systemic interaction, itraconazole has been proposed as a treatment for vulvodynia.

Aim
To describe objective change in vulvodynia pain in a cohort of patients treated with itraconazole.

Methods
This study was a retrospective cohort study comprised of women diagnosed with vulvodynia who were treated with itraconazole between January 1, 2011 and October 17, 2017. Patients had failed fluconazole treatment and had negative fungus cultures for &gt;2 months before itraconazole treatment. All other vulvovaginal disorders were excluded.

Main outcome measure
The main outcome measure was the change in pain before and after treatment as measured by cotton swab testing.

Results
106 patients met inclusion criteria. Average pain reduction for the entire cohort was 60.7%. Patients who continued itraconazole for 5 to 8 weeks demonstrated a 69.6% reduction in cotton swab test pain. Pain reduction as a percentage of total patients showed complete resolution of pain in 37.7% of patients and &gt;50% reduction in 66.0% of patients. Two-sample paired T-tests for means analysis of pain scores disproved the null hypothesis (P &lt; .01, α = 0.01) and showed a 50% reduction in pain to be significant (P = 0.043, α = 0.05). Two-tailed Wilcoxon signed rank test also demonstrated rejection of the null hypothesis (α = 0.05).

Conclusions
Itraconazole therapy is associated with a significant reduction in vulvovaginal pain in patients with negative fungus cultures and no other identifiable disease in this pilot study. A randomized placebo-controlled trial is warranted.
A systems approach to enable effective team science from the internal research program of the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Authors: Vogel Amanda L. , Knebel Ann R. , Faupel-Badger Jessica M. , Portilla Lili M. , Simeonov Anton 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The internal research program of the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) at the National Institutes of Health aims to fundamentally transform the preclinical translational research process to get more treatments to more people more quickly. The program develops and implements innovative scientific and operational approaches that accelerate and enhance translation across many diverse projects. Cross-disciplinary team science is a defining feature of our organization, with scientists at all levels engaged in multiple research teams. Here, we share our systems approach to nurturing cross-disciplinary team science, which leverages organizational policies, structures, and processes. Policies including the organizational mission statement, principles for ethical conduct of research, performance review criteria, and training program objectives and approaches reinforce the value of team science to achieve the program’s scientific goals. Structures including an organizational structure designed around solving translational problems, co-location of employees in a single state-of-the-art scientific facility, and shared-use laboratories, expertise and instrumentation facilitate collaboration. Processes including fluid team assembly, specialized project management, cross-agency partnerships, and decision making based on clear screening criteria and milestones enable effective team assembly and functioning. We share evidence of the impact of these approaches on the science and commercialization of findings and discuss pathways to broad adoption of similar approaches.
Rapid Assessment of COVID-19 Screening Program for Travelers in Iran: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Seddighi Hamed , Salmani Ibrahim , Baharmand Hossein , Seddighi Saeideh , Sharifi Sedeh Mehrab 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjective:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) screening stations set up by Iranian Red Crescent Society have been available for 17 d with the aim of identifying and treating people with coronavirus, reducing road trips, and sensitizing people to the problem. This study aims to investigate the challenges of the procedure.Methods:A qualitative study was used to find the challenges of the COVID-19 screening centers. Volunteers, branch managers, and headquarter managers of the Iranian Red Crescent Society participated in this study applying snowball sampling. Data were collected by means of in-depth semi-structured telephone interviews in April 2020 after completion of the fever screening plan. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, always with prior permission of interviewees.Results:The interviews with 20 participants in the plan indicated 6 relevant challenges, including logistics, lack of planning, lack of coordination, legal challenges, mental health, and ethical challenges.Conclusions:The results indicated that, although establishing fever detection centers in Iran was a rapid response to COVID-19, it had significant flaws in the structure and adversely affected volunteers’ and staff’s health and financial resources. Therefore, well-structured protocols are required for similar responses in the future.
Bias-free model fitting of correlated data in interferometry
Authors: Lachaume Régis 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In optical and infrared long-baseline interferometry, data often display significant correlated errors because of uncertain multiplicative factors such as the instrumental transfer function or the pixel-to-visibility matrix. In the context of model fitting, this situation often leads to a significant bias in the model parameters. In the most severe cases, this can can result in a fit lying outside of the range of measurement values. This is known in nuclear physics as Peelle’s Pertinent Puzzle. I show how this arises in the context of interferometry and determine that the relative bias is of the order of the square root of the correlated component of the relative uncertainty times the number of measurements. It impacts preferentially large datasets, such as those obtained in medium to high spectral resolution. I then give a conceptually simple and computationally cheap way to avoid the issue: model the data without covariances, estimate the covariance matrix by error propagation using the modelled data instead of the actual data, and perform the model fitting using the covariance matrix. I also show that a more imprecise but also unbiased result can be obtained from ignoring correlations in the model fitting.
Protecting the Vote? Peacekeeping Presence and the Risk of Electoral Violence
Authors: Fjelde Hanne , Smidt Hannah M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDemocracy assistance, including the promotion of electoral security, is often a central component of contemporary peacekeeping operations. Preventing violence during post-conflict elections is critical for the war-to-democracy transition. Yet little is known about the role of peacekeepers in this effort. To fill this gap, this study provides the first comprehensive sub-national study of peacekeeping effectiveness in reducing the risk of electoral violence. It combines geo-referenced data on peacekeeping deployment across all multidimensional peacekeeping missions in Africa over the past two decades with fine-grained data on electoral violence. The analysis finds a negative association between peacekeeping presence and the risk of electoral violence. The relationship is of a similar magnitude in the pre- and post-election periods. However, the association is more strongly negative for violence perpetrated by non-state actors compared to violence perpetrated by government-affiliated actors. Analyses using two-way fixed-effects models and matching mitigate potential selection biases.
Revamping the menu – or just offering what’s in stock? Candidate list volatility in open-list PR systems. Evidence from Finland
Authors: Koskimaa Vesa , Mattila Mikko , Papageorgiou Achillefs , von Schoultz Åsa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhy do parties change candidate lists between elections? Although candidate list volatility is an important indicator of the responsiveness of electoral representation, it has received little attention in research. We offer a critical case study of party list volatility in Finland, using a candidate-centred open-list proportional (PR) electoral system with ideal conditions for ‘ultra-strategic’ party behaviour. Our explorative two-stage research design begins with party elite interviews, to extract factors that can affect list volatility, which in the following step are tested in a regression analysis of 564 party lists in parliamentary elections 1983–2019. Our results show that list formation is a complex phenomenon, where demand and supply factors interact in a contingent fashion. Following trends of voter dealignment, personalization and ‘electoral-professionalization’ of parties, volatility has increased over time. Electoral defeats and declining party membership increase volatility, but a member-driven mass-party heritage that limits party elites’ strategic capacity has a stabilizing effect.
Integrated weed management in transplanted rice: options for addressing labor constraints and improving farmers’ income in Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Sharif , Kumar Virender , Alam Murshedul , Dewan Mahbubur Rahman , Bhuiyan Khairul Alam , Miajy Abu Abdullah , Saha Abhijit , Singh Sudhanshu , Timsina Jagadish , Krupnik Timothy J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn Bangladesh, weeds in transplanted rice are largely controlled by labor-intensive and costly manual weeding, resulting in inadequate and untimely weed control. Labor scarcity coupled with intensive rice production has triggered increased use of herbicides. These factors warrant a cost-effective and strategic integrated weed management (IWM) approach. On-farm trials with transplanted rice were conducted during monsoon (‘Aman’) season in 2016 and 2017 and winter (‘Boro’) season in 2016 to 2017 in agroecological zones 11 and 12 with ten treatments—seven herbicide-based IWM options, one mechanical weed control-based option, and two checks (farmers’ current weed control practice and weed-free)—to assess effects on weed control, grain yield, labor use, and profitability. Compared to farmers’ practice, herbicide-based IWM options with mefenacet + bensulfuron-methyl as preemergence followed by (fb) either bispyribac-sodium or penoxsulam as postemergence fb one hand-weeding were the most profitable alternatives, with reductions in labor requirement by 11 to 25 person-days ha–1 and in total weed control cost by US$44 to 94 ha–1, resulting in net returns increases by US$54 to 77 ha–1 without compromising on grain yield. In contrast, IWM options with bispyrbac-sodium or penoxsulam as postemergence application fb one hand-weeding reduced yields by 12% to 13% and profits by US$71 to 190 ha–1. The nonchemical option with mechanical weeding fb one hand-weeding performed similarly to farmers’ practice on yield and profitability. We suggest additional research to develop feasible herbicide-free approaches to weed management in transplanted rice that can offer competitive advantages to current practices.
Tehri Reservoir Operation Modulates Seasonal Elastic Crustal Deformation in the Himalaya
Authors: Xie Lei , Xu Wenbin , Bürgmann Roland , Ding Xiaoli , Gahalaut Vineet K. , Mondal Saroj 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe filling and emptying cycles of reservoir operations may change hydrological mass loading, leading to a flexural deformation of the crust that may compromise the infrastructure safety or trigger earthquakes. In this study, we investigate the seasonal crustal response of the Tehri reservoir in the Garhwal Himalaya, northern India, using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), Global Positioning System, the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment, radar altimetry, and in‐situ water‐level measurements. Results show that the evolution of vertical ground deformation is modulated elastically by the reservoir operation, whereas the horizontal displacement measured near the reservoir exhibits a time lag of ∼65 days with respect to the vertical displacements and water‐level variations. The delayed deformation transients indicate that the reservoir loading/unloading cycles affect the near‐surface hydrology in its neighborhood. The broader distribution and higher amplitude of ground deformation during the loading periods revealed by the InSAR time series can be explained by water–rock interactions, which cause a decrease in the effective Young's modulus within the top 300‐m crustal layer. Our results demonstrate the potential of using space geodetic data to ensure a better understanding of the solid Earth response to regional hydrological changes.
Iran's Groundwater Hydrochemistry
Authors: Maghrebi Mohsen , Noori Roohollah , Partani Sadegh , Araghi Alireza , Barati Reza , Farnoush Hosein , Torabi Haghighi Ali 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIran's groundwater hydrochemistry has not been well understood. In this study, Iran's groundwater hydrochemistry is evaluated using a rich, ground‐trusted data sampled from 9,468 wells distributed across the country in 2011. Twelve groundwater quality parameters were analyzed in each sample, resulting in 113,616 parameters over the study period. Examination of anions‐cations shows that concentrations of sodium, calcium, chloride, and sulphate are higher than the acceptable threshold for drinking‐use suggested by the World Health Organization in about 40%, 21%, 25%, and 20% of the samples, respectively. The results of the water quality index reveal that most of the groundwater resources in the central, southern and eastern regions of Iran, which supply the majority of the domestic water for populated cities, do not meet the requirements for drinking‐use. Although the groundwater in northern parts fulfills the requirements for irrigation‐use, it is only suitable for irrigation of salinity‐friendly crops in central, eastern and southern regions. Ionic types and hydrochemistry facies indicate the dominance of mix water type in 13 out of 30 of Iran's sub‐basins, followed by sodium‐chloride water type in nine sub‐basins. Local geology and lithology are mainly attributed to the distribution of groundwater facies in Iran. In general, our findings reveal a distinctive relationship between Iran's geological‐geomorphological features and hydrochemical facies/groundwater quality. The findings can be used in the formulation of new strategies and policies for Iran's groundwater quality management in the future.
Modeling Lithospheric Deformation Using a Compressible Visco‐Elasto‐Viscoplastic Rheology and the Effective Viscosity Approach
Authors: Duretz Thibault , de Borst René , Yamato Philippe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDeformations of the colder regions of the lithosphere mainly occur in the frictional regime. In geodynamic models, frictional plastic deformations are often highly localized (shear bands) and are used as proxies for faults. However, capturing the generation and evolution of shear bands in geodynamic models is troublesome. Indeed, mesh dependency and lack of convergence affect, to some extent, the results of geodynamic models. Here we extend the most common plasticity implementation used in geodynamic codes (effective viscosity approach [EVA]) to include the combined effects of elastic compressibility, plastic dilatancy, strain softening, and viscoplasticity. The latter acts as a regularization that cures most of the known issues of geodynamic models related to frictional plasticity. Using regularized models based on the M2Di MATLAB routines, we show that volumetric elasto‐plastic deformations can significantly impact crustal‐scale shear banding. We also show that the artificial overstress caused by viscoplasticity can be mitigated by employing power‐law models. Furthermore, we demonstrate that plasticity algorithms common in geodynamics (based on the EVA) can be as accurate as those obtained with algorithms typically used in engineering (return mapping with a consistent tangent operator). Finally, we show examples of long‐term tectonic deformations using the state‐of‐the art geodynamic code MDoodz. They indicate that viscoplastic regularization can be used efficiently to obtain reliable simulations in geodynamics.
Precursor-dependent structural diversity in luminescent carbonized polymer dots (CPDs): the nomenclature
Authors: Zeng Qingsen , Feng Tanglue , Tao Songyuan , Zhu Shoujun , Yang Bai 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCarbon dots (CDs) have received immense attention in the last decade because they are easy-to-prepare, nontoxic, and tailorable carbon-based fluorescent nanomaterials. CDs can be categorized into three subgroups based on their morphology and chemical structure: graphene quantum dots (GQDs), carbon quantum dots (CQDs), and carbonized polymer dots (CPDs). The detailed structures of the materials can vary significantly, even within the same category. This property is particularly predominant in chemically synthesized CPDs, as their formation proceeds via the polymerization–carbonization of molecules or polymer precursors. Abundant precursors endow CPDs with versatile structures and properties. A wide variety of carbon nanomaterials can be grouped under the category of CPDs because of their observed diversity. It is important to understand the precursor-dependent structural diversity observed in CPDs. Appropriate nomenclature for all classes and types of CPDs is proposed for the better utilization of these emerging materials.
Disruptor of telomeric silencing 1-like promotes ovarian cancer tumor growth by stimulating pro-tumorigenic metabolic pathways and blocking apoptosis
Authors: Chava Suresh , Bugide Suresh , Edwards Yvonne J. K. , Gupta Romi 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTOvarian cancer is the leading cause of gynecological malignancy-related deaths. Current therapies for ovarian cancer do not provide meaningful and sustainable clinical benefits, highlighting the need for new therapies. We show that the histone H3K79 methyltransferase disruptor of telomeric silencing 1-like (DOT1L) is overexpressed in ovarian cancer and that a higher level of DOT1L expression correlates with shorter progression-free and overall survival (OS). Pharmacological inhibition of DOT1L (EPZ-5676, EPZ004777, and SGC0946) or genetic inhibition of DOT1L attenuates the growth of ovarian cancer cells in cell culture and in a mouse xenograft model of ovarian cancer. Transcriptome-wide mRNA expression profiling shows that DOT1L inhibition results in the downregulation of genes involved in cellular biosynthesis pathways and the upregulation of proapoptotic genes. Consistent with the results of transcriptome analysis, the unbiased large-scale metabolomic analysis showed reduced levels of several metabolites of the amino acid and nucleotide biosynthesis pathways after DOT1L inhibition. DOT1L inhibition also resulted in the upregulation of the NKG2D ligand ULBP1 and subsequent increase in natural killer (NK) cell-mediated ovarian cancer eradication. Collectively, our results demonstrate that DOT1L promotes ovarian cancer tumor growth by regulating apoptotic and metabolic pathways as well as NK cell-mediated eradication of ovarian cancer and identifies DOT1L as a new pharmacological target for ovarian cancer therapy.
Latest advances in the management of classical Hodgkin lymphoma: the era of novel therapies
Authors: Mohty Razan , Dulery Rémy , Bazarbachi Abdul Hamid , Savani Malvi , Hamed Rama Al , Bazarbachi Ali , Mohty Mohamad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHodgkin lymphoma is a highly curable disease. Although most patients achieve complete response following frontline therapy, key unmet clinical needs remain including relapsed/refractory disease, treatment-related morbidity, impaired quality of life and poor outcome in patients older than 60 years. The incorporation of novel therapies, including check point inhibitors and antibody–drug conjugates, into the frontline setting, sequential approaches, and further individualized treatment intensity may address these needs. We summarize the current treatment options for patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma from frontline therapy to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and describe novel trials in the field.