bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity, host specificity and biogeography in the Cladocorynidae (Hydrozoa, Capitata), with description of a new genus
Authors: Maggioni Davide , Garese Agustín , Huang Danwei , Hoeksema Bert W. , Arrigoni Roberto , Seveso Davide , Galli Paolo , Berumen Michael L. , Montalbetti Enrico , Pica Daniela , Torsani Fabrizio , Montano Simone 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe hydrozoan family Cladocorynidae inhabits tropical to temperate waters and comprises the two genera Pteroclava and Cladocoryne. Pteroclava lives in association with some octocorals and hydrozoans, whereas Cladocoryne is more generalist in terms of substrate choice. This work provides a thorough morpho‐molecular reassessment of the Cladocorynidae by presenting the first well‐supported phylogeny of the family based on the analyses of three mitochondrial and four nuclear markers. Notably, the two nominal genera were confirmed to be monophyletic and both morphological and genetic data led to the formal description of a new genus exclusively associated with octocorals, Pseudozanclea gen. nov. Maggioni & Montano. Accordingly, the diagnosis of the family was updated. The ancestral state reconstruction of selected characters revealed that the symbiosis with octocorals likely appeared in the most recent common ancestor of Pteroclava and Pseudozanclea. Additionally, the presence of euryteles aggregation in the polyp stage and the exumbrellar nematocyst pouches with euryteles represent synapomorphies of all cladocorynid taxa and probably emerged in their most recent common ancestor. The analysis of several Pteroclava krempfi colonies from Indo‐Pacific and Caribbean localities associated with several host octocorals revealed a high intra‐specific genetic variability. Single‐ and multi‐locus species delimitations resulted in three to five species hypotheses, but the statistical analysis of morphometric data showed only limited distinction among the clades of P. krempfi. However, P. krempfi clades showed differences in both host specificity, mostly at the octocoral family level, and geographic distribution, with one clade found exclusively in the Caribbean Sea and the others found in the Indo‐Pacific.
Occupational contact dermatitis in painters and varnishers: Data from the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK), 2000 to 2019
Authors: Schubert Steffen , Bauer Andrea , Hillen Uwe , Werfel Thomas , Geier Johannes , Brans Richard ,   for the IVDK
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionPainters and varnishers (“painters”) are exposed to various contact allergens and skin irritants, and therefore, are at risk for developing occupational dermatitis (OD).ObjectiveTo describe the spectrum of occupational sensitizations in painters and revise the corresponding current patch test recommendations.Patients and MethodsRetrospective analysis of Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) data from 2000 to 2019 with focus on male painters with OD, ages 20‐59 years (n = 557) in comparison to age‐matched male painters without OD (n = 422) and male OD patients who have had never worked as painters (n = 13 862).ResultsMale painters with OD have a significantly higher rate of allergic contact dermatitis and face dermatitis than male patients with OD who work in other professions. Positive patch tests to epoxy resin, methylisothiazolinone (MI), and methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/MI were significantly more frequent in painters with OD than in the other groups. Epoxy resin sensitization was significantly associated with face dermatitis.ConclusionsEpoxy resin, MI, and MCI/MI represent the most important occupational sensitizers in painters. In addition to baseline, resins and glues, and industrial biocides series, the patients' own workplace materials should be tested in painters with suspected OD.
Potential of C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 1/8/10/12 as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Li Zhenhua , Jiang Jie , Gao Shan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the clinical role of C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL) family members in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) patients.MethodsCXCL1, CXCL8, CXCL10 and CXCL12 expressions in the serum samples of IPAH patients (N = 39) and age‐/gender‐matched controls (N = 40) were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. In IPAH patients, clinical features were collected, and survival information was documented.ResultsCXCL1 (P < 0.001), CXCL8 (P = 0.001), CXCL10 (P < 0.001) and CXCL12 (P < 0.001) were increased in IPAH patients compared with controls, and receiver's operating characteristic curves showed that their combination was highly correlated with IPAH risk (area under curve: 0.881, 95% confidence interval: 0.805–0.958). Meanwhile, CXCL1 was positively correlated with mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) (P = 0.029) and high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein (HsCRP) (P = 0.015); CXCL8 was positively correlated with mPAP (P = 0.044) and HsCRP (P = 0.018) but negatively correlated with 6‐minute walk test (6MWT) distance (P = 0.029); CXCL10 was positively correlated with mean right artery pressure (P = 0.002); and CXCL12 was positively correlated with World Health Organization functional class (P = 0.047), mPAP (P = 0.009), pulmonary vascular resistance (P = 0.004) and HsCRP (P = 0.003) but negatively correlated with 6MWT distance (P = 0.003) in IPAH patients. Moreover, CXCL12 was negatively correlated with overall survival (OS) (P = 0.025), whereas CXCL1, CXCL8 and CXCL10 only showed minor tendencies to be negatively correlated with OS in IPAH patients without statistical significance (all P > 0.05).ConclusionCXCL1, CXCL8, CXCL10 and CXCL12 associate with increased IPAH risk, unfavourable clinical features; besides, CXCL12 correlates with worse OS in IPAH patients.
Pulmonary telerehabilitation and efficacy among discharged COVID‐19 patients: Rational and design of a prospective real‐world study
Authors: Lei Jieping , Yang Lulu , Wen Geyi , Qumu Shiwei , Ren Xiaoxia , Yang Ting 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) could cause physical and psychological dysfunction in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infected patients. Pulmonary telerehabilitation is strongly recommended due to the contagious nature of the disease, but its efficacy and benefit need to be comprehensively evaluated.MethodsAn 8‐week pulmonary telerehabilitation programme is designed in a real‐world and prospective manner, aiming to assess the efficacy of remote rehabilitation among discharged patients with COVID‐19 from three designated hospitals in the epicenter of China (Wuhan City). The telerehabilitation programme includes physicians and physiotherapists remotely guided training (online) for 2 weeks, and patient self‐managed rehabilitation (offline) for 6 weeks with assistance of information technology and digital device. The main rehabilitation intervention includes breathing exercise, respiratory muscle training, aerobic exercise, and resistance training. The primary outcome is 6‐min walk distance, and secondly pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, physical activity, symptom, psychological status and quality of life, etc. will also be assessed. Patients will be followed up periodically at week two, four, eight after enrolment and at month one, three, six and 12 after the rehabilitation accomplished, respectively. Current study has been approved by the ethics committee of China‐Japan Friendship Hospital and three participating centers in Wuhan City.DiscussionWe anticipate that the health status of discharged patients with COVID‐19 could be improved through this systemic pulmonary telerehabilitation programme. The interdisciplinary remote mode of rehabilitation could be an optimal way in management of emerging respiratory tract infectious disease.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04368793.
Divergent responses of primary production to increasing precipitation variability in global drylands
Authors: Hou Enqing , Litvak Marcy E. , Rudgers Jennifer A. , Jiang Lifen , Collins Scott L. , Pockman William T. , Hui Dafeng , Niu Shuli , Luo Yiqi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInterannual variability in precipitation has increased globally as climate warming intensifies. The increased variability impacts both terrestrial plant production and carbon (C) sequestration. However, mechanisms driving these changes are largely unknown. Here, we examined mechanisms underlying the response of aboveground net primary production (ANPP) to interannual precipitation variability in global drylands with mean annual precipitation (MAP) <500 mm year−1, using a combined approach of data synthesis and process‐based modeling. We found a hump‐shaped response of ANPP to precipitation variability along the MAP gradient. The response was positive when MAP < ~300 mm year−1 and negative when MAP was higher than this threshold, with a positive peak at 140 mm year−1. Transpiration and subsoil water content mirrored the response of ANPP to precipitation variability; evaporation responded negatively and water loss through runoff and drainage responded positively to precipitation variability. Mean annual temperature, soil type, and plant physiological traits all altered the magnitude but not the pattern of the response of ANPP to precipitation variability along the MAP gradient. By extrapolating to global drylands (<500 mm year−1 MAP), we estimated that ANPP would increase by 15.2 ± 6.0 Tg C year−1 in arid and hyper‐arid lands and decrease by 2.1 ± 0.5 Tg C year−1 in dry sub‐humid lands under future changes in interannual precipitation variability. Thus, increases in precipitation variability will enhance primary production in many drylands in the future.
Research Trends on Clinical Helicobacter pylori Eradication: A Bibliometric Analysis from 1983 to 2020
Authors: Ouyang Yaobin , Zhu Zhihao , Huang Li , Zeng Chuanfei , Zhang Lin , Wu William KK , Lu Nonghua , Xie Chuan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundNumerous studies related to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication have been published since the discovery of H. pylori. This study aimed to use a quantitative method to assess the development of this field.Materials and MethodsWe performed a search of related articles from Web of Science published in 1983–2020 using a combination of the search terms “H. pylori” and “eradication”. Eligible studies were included after a two‐stage screening process, and the following data were extracted: title, author, institution, country, study type, sample size, eradication regimen, publication year, number of citations, journal, and H‐index.ResultsA total of 1402 studies were finally identified. The results showed that the period from 1994–2003 was the most influential period in this field. Italy and the USA were dominant countries in this field, while China’s publication number increased sharply in the last ten years. Baylor College of Medicine was the most influential institution. Alimentary Pharmacology Therapeutics was the most productive journal. The effects of H. pylori eradication on peptic ulcers and gastric cancer and H. pylori eradication therapy were the most cited topics in this field. After the publish of Maastricht/Florence Ⅳ guideline, the research of quadruple therapy was more than triple therapy. Bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy became the most focused regimen after Maastricht/Florence Ⅴ guideline.ConclusionsIn this study, we summarized the characteristics of the publications; identified the most influential countries, institutions, journals; identified the popular research topics and eradication regimen of clinical H. pylori eradication.
The benefits of tenofovir discontinuation with or without bisphosphonate therapy in osteoporotic people living with HIV
Authors: Lei Jonathan Jin Hei , Pereira Branca , Moyle Graeme , Boffito Marta , Milinkovic Ana 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesTreatment with bisphosphonates and discontinuation of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) are recommended strategies for managing osteoporosis in people living with HIV (PLHIV). This study aimed to compare the effects on bone mineral density (BMD) of TDF discontinuation with and without bisphosphonate therapy in osteoporotic PLHIV.MethodsThe present study is a retrospective cohort analysis of dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry scan results of PLHIV attending Chelsea and Westminster Hospital HIV clinic between 2009 and 2020. Osteoporotic (T‐score < −2.5) patients with ≥ 6 months’ TDF exposure were included. Changes in BMD and T‐scores at the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) were assessed.ResultsA total of 84 participants were included, of whom 43 discontinued TDF only (TS) and 41 switched from TDF and received bisphosphonates (TS+): 86.9% were male; 77.4% were white; median (interquartile range, IQR) age was 54.8 (51.0–58.5) years; and median (IQR) TDF exposure was 6.5 (3.5–10.4) years. At a median follow‐up of 2 years after TDF‐discontinuation, mean spine BMD increased significantly in both groups, but bisphosphonate recipients had greater improvements (4.83% vs. 7.79%; P < 0.019); LS T‐scores improved significantly but changes were comparable between groups (TS, 0.5 vs. TS+, 0.6; P = 0.270). At the FN, no significant increases in BMD were observed (TS, 3.05% vs. TS+, 2.71%; P = 0.205); T‐scores significantly improved in bisphosphonate recipients only (+0.2; P = 0.003). A greater proportion recovered from osteoporosis in the TS+ group (34.9% vs. 43.9%), although differences between groups were not significant (P = 0.503).ConclusionsOur real‐world data indicate that although TDF discontinuation significantly improved bone health in osteoporotic PLHIV, combining bisphosphonates with TDF discontinuation resulted in greater improvements in BMD.
Autolysis and the endogenous proteinases characterised in beardless barb (Anematichthys apogon) muscle
Authors: Sripokar Pakteera , Zhang Yi , Simpson Benjamin K. , Hansen Egon Bech , Maneerat Suppasil , Klomklao Sappasith 
Published: July 2021

SummaryBeardless barb is a common fish species used in fermentation of fish paste Ka‐pi‐plaa. Autolytic profile of beardless barb muscle showed the maximum autolysis was at 50 °C, at both acidic and alkaline pH values. With augmentation concentration of NaCl, autolytic activity slightly decreased. Endogenous proteinases isolated from fish muscle in crude extract forms were also characterised. The acidic proteinases had optimum activity at pH 3.0 and 50°C, and they showed higher proteolytic activity than the alkaline proteinases which were optimally active at pH 9.0 and 50 °C. Proteinases in peak at pH 3.0 were inhibited by pepstatin A, but those in peak at pH 9.0 were highly inhibited by PMSF, TLCK and soybean trypsin inhibitor, suggesting that both aspartic and serine proteinases were existed in beardless barb muscle. The proteinases were stable in pH range of 2.0‐5.0 but unstable at the temperatures higher than 40 °C. NaCl suppressed the proteolytic activity, ATP activated the proteinase activity, while CaCl2, MgCl2 and CoCl2 exhibited no influence on the activity. The results implied that cathepsin D is the predominant proteinase responsible for autolysis in beardless barb. The findings were useful to improve the processing and qualities of Ka‐pi‐plaa product using beardless barb as raw material.
Topological hardening through oxygen triclusters in calcium aluminosilicate glasses
Authors: Welch Rebecca S. , Lee Kuo‐Hao , Wilkinson Collin J. , Ono Madoka , Bragatto Caio B. , Mauro John C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMolecular dynamics simulations and topological constraint theory are used to study the impact of oxygen triclusters in the calcium aluminosilicate glass system at ratios of 0.6, 1, 1.5, 2, and 4 [Al2O3]/[CaO]. Negligible percentages (less than ~3%) of five‐coordinated Al structures are found at all ratios. Up to ~27% three‐coordinated oxygens, also known as triclusters, are found at the highest ratio of [Al2O3]/[CaO]. A topological constraint model, which considers additional constraints provided by triclusters, is created to predict the glass transition temperature, hardness, and Young's modulus. The models are used to elucidate the role of triclusters in glass properties. Analysis of topological constraints shows that triclusters can potentially increase the glass hardness within the calcium aluminosilicate system. The results are also compared to oxynitride glasses. Triclusters show the same ability as nitrogen to increase the glass hardness but are less effective at increasing the Young's modulus.
A novel Z‐scheme Er3+:Yb0.5Y2.5Al5N0.01F0.01O11.98/g‐C3N4–Pt–BiPO4 photocatalyst for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of azofuchsin and ciprofloxacin
Authors: Zhao Limin , Jin Ruifa , Zhang Baofeng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a novel Z‐scheme photocatalyst Er3+:Yb0.5Y2.5Al5N0.01F0.01O11.98/g‐C3N4–Pt–BiPO4 was synthesized by sol‐hydrothermal and calcination methods. The prepared samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS mappings, XPS, PL, and DRS. In addition, the optimal hydrothermal conditions for the preparation of BiPO4 were explored with the azofuchsin solution and ciprofloxacin(CIP) solutions as the target pollutants. At the same time, the best calcination temperature and the best calcination time of the Er3+:YbnY3−nAl5NxFyO12−x−y and BiPO4 were investigated. The results showed that the Z‐scheme Er3+:Yb0.5Y2.5Al5N0.01F0.01O11.98/g‐C3N4–Pt–BiPO4 photocatalyst has strong redox ability, wide absorption range of visible light, and excellent separation effect of electron–hole pairs, which can efficiently degrade organic pollutants and antibiotic.
Infrared thermography can detect previsual bacterial growth in a laboratory setting via metabolic heat detection
Authors: Hunt Ben , Saatchi Reza , Lacey Melissa M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Aims
Detection of bacterial contamination in healthcare and industry takes many hours if not days. Thermal imaging, the measurement of heat by an infrared camera, was investigated as a potential noninvasive method of detecting bacterial growth.

Methods and Results
Infrared thermography can detect the presence of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus on solid growth media by an increase in temperature before they are visually observable. A heat decrease is observed after treatment with ultraviolet light and heat increased after incubation with dinitrophenol.

Conclusions
Infrared thermography can detect early growth of bacteria before they are detectable by other microbiology-based method. The heat observed is due to the cells being viable and metabolically active, as cells killed with ultraviolet light exhibit reduced increase in temperature and treatment with dinitrophenol increases heat detected.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Infrared thermography detects bacterial growth without the need for specialized temperature control facilities. The method is statistically robust and can be undertaken in situ, thus is highly versatile. These data support the application of infrared thermography in a laboratory, clinical and industrial setting for vegetative bacteria, thus may become into an important methodology for the timely and straightforward detection of early-stage bacterial growth.
The attention of long‐term institutional investors and timely loss recognition
Authors: Wang Rui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, I investigate the role of long‐term institutional investors in firms’ accounting conservatism. Using exogenous shocks to the attention of long‐term institutional investors, I find significantly less timely loss recognition at the time of long‐term institutional investors’ distraction. The decrease in loss recognition timeliness is more pronounced among firms with lower information asymmetry ex‐ante, firms lacking other governance mechanisms that can effectively monitor managers and firms operating in non‐competitive industries, where lack of competitive pressure weakens the strategic considerations of timely loss recognition. Further analysis identifies the reporting of special items as a potential mechanism through which firms adjust the timeliness of loss recognition in response to changes in long‐term institutional investors’ attention.
Use of a cerebral protection device to facilitate pulmonary vein isolation in a patient with left atrial mass arising from the interatrial septum
Authors: Gopinathannair Rakesh , Elbey Mehmet Ali , Eshcol Jayasheel , Seligson Frederic L. , Atkins Donita , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSentinel cerebral embolic protection devices (CPDs) may limit periprocedural cerebrovascular events by preventing micro and macro‐embolization to the brain, and has been used in many cardiology and radiology procedures. We hereby report the use of a Sentinel CPD to facilitate safe and effective atrial fibrillation ablation in a patient with a left atrial mass arising from the interatrial septum.
Surgical ablation supplemented by ethanol injection for ventricular tachycardia refractory to percutaneous ablation
Authors: Yang Gang , Shao Yongfeng , Gu Weidong , Ni Buqing , Yang Bing , Zhang Fengxiang , Ju Weizhu , Chen Hongwu , Gu Kai , Li Mingfang , Chen Yu , Sun Haoliang , Tam Tsz Kin , Wu Yanhu , Chen Minglong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundA combination of endocardial and epicardial approaches has improved the overall success rate of ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation in patients with cardiomyopathy. However, the origins of some VTs are truly intramural or close to coronary arteries, which makes this combined strategy either prone to failure or too risky.ObjectivesThis observational study aimed to explore the feasibility and efficacy of direct epicardial ablation combined with intramural ethanol injection via surgical approach for inaccessible intramural VTs or VTs too close to coronary arteries.MethodsIn four canines ventricular lesions produced by direct epicardial injection of ethanol were assessed. Six consecutive patients with recurrent VT refractory to catheter endocardial and epicardial RF ablation and that remained inducible after surgical epicardial mapping and RF ablation were included. Ethanol was injected by needle at the epicardial RF ablation sites. The primary outcome was freedom of sustained VT determined by device interrogation and periodical 24‐h holter recordings subsequently.ResultsIn an animal study, the lesions were homogenous and increased in size with the volume of ethanol injected. In all six patients, ethanol injection at the target sites in the anterior or lateral left ventricle abolished inducible VT. Over a median follow‐up of 22 months (range, 6–65), all patients remained free of sustained VT. One patient died of pulmonary infection one year after the procedure.ConclusionsA hybrid strategy of surgical ablation combined with intramural ethanol injection is feasible and effective in patients with multiple failed percutaneous ablation attempts.