bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential auditory and visual phase-locking are observed during audio-visual benefit and silent lip-reading for speech perception
Authors: Aller Máté , Økland Heidi Solberg , MacGregor Lucy J. , Blank Helen , Davis Matthew H. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSpeech perception in noisy environments is enhanced by seeing facial movements of communication partners. However, the neural mechanisms by which audio and visual speech are combined are not fully understood. We explore MEG phase locking to auditory and visual signals in MEG recordings from 14 human participants (6 females, 8 males) that reported words from single spoken sentences. We manipulated the acoustic clarity and visual speech signals such that critical speech information is present in auditory, visual or both modalities. MEG coherence analysis revealed that both auditory and visual speech envelopes (auditory amplitude modulations and lip aperture changes) were phase-locked to 2-6Hz brain responses in auditory and visual cortex, consistent with entrainment to syllable-rate components. Partial coherence analysis was used to separate neural responses to correlated audio-visual signals and showed non-zero phase locking to auditory envelope in occipital cortex during audio-visual (AV) speech. Furthermore, phase-locking to auditory signals in visual cortex was enhanced for AV speech compared to audio-only (AO) speech that was matched for intelligibility. Conversely, auditory regions of the superior temporal gyrus (STG) did not show above-chance partial coherence with visual speech signals during AV conditions, but did show partial coherence in VO conditions. Hence, visual speech enabled stronger phase locking to auditory signals in visual areas, whereas phase-locking of visual speech in auditory regions only occurred during silent lip-reading. Differences in these cross-modal interactions between auditory and visual speech signals are interpreted in line with cross-modal predictive mechanisms during speech perception.Significance StatementVerbal communication in noisy environments is challenging, especially for hearing-impaired individuals. Seeing facial movements of communication partners improves speech perception when auditory signals are degraded or absent. The neural mechanisms supporting lip-reading or audio-visual benefit are not fully understood. Using MEG recordings and partial coherence analysis we show that speech information is used differently in brain regions that respond to auditory and visual speech. While visual areas use visual speech to improve phase-locking to auditory speech signals, auditory areas do not show phase-locking to visual speech unless auditory speech is absent and visual speech is used to substitute for missing auditory signals. These findings highlight brain processes that combine visual and auditory signals to support speech understanding.
Epithelial cells of the intestine acquire cell-intrinsic inflammation signatures during ageing
Authors: Funk Maja C. , Gleixner Jan G. , Heigwer Florian , Valentini Erica , Aydin Zeynep , Tonin Elena , Hetzer Jenny , Heide Danijela , Stegle Oliver , Heikenwalder Mathias , Boutros Michael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDuring ageing, cell-intrinsic and extrinsic factors lead to the decline of tissue function and organismal health. Disentangling these factors is important for developing effective strategies to prolong organismal healthspan. Here, we addressed this question in the mouse intestinal epithelium, which forms a dynamic interface with its microenvironment and receives extrinsic signals affecting its homeostasis and tissue ageing. We systematically compared transcriptional profiles of young and aged epithelial cells in vivo and ex vivo in cultured intestinal organoids. We found that all cell types of the aged epithelium exhibit an inflammation phenotype, which is marked by MHC class II upregulation and most pronounced in enterocytes. This was accompanied by elevated levels of the immune tolerance markers PD-1 and PD-L1 in the aged tissue microenvironment, indicating dysregulation of immunological homeostasis. Intestinal organoids from aged mice still showed an inflammation signature after weeks in culture, which was concurrent with increased chromatin accessibility of inflammation-associated loci. Our results reveal a cell-intrinsic, persistent inflammation phenotype in aged epithelial cells, which might contribute to systemic inflammation observed during ageing.
Insitu tubularisation of skin graft for re‐do hypospadias repairment
Authors: Atan Ali , Turkyilmaz Zafer , Karabulut Ramazan , Kaya Cem , Polat Fazli , Sonmez Kaan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe describe in situ skin graft tubularisation over the urethral catheter. This tehnique allows preparation of a urethral tube on a fixed line and suture the wound sides comfortably while preventing the movement of the graft.
Primary hepatic mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: Case report and literature review
Authors: Lau Wing Yu , Ho Kit‐Man , Chan Fiona Ka‐Man , Lam Shi , Cheng Kai‐Chi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrimary hepatic mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALToma) is a very rare disease and the diagnosis is often only made after histologic examination. To date, there is no consensus on its treatment modalities. In this paper, we report a case of primary hepatic MALToma and literature review of this rare disease. Our patient was a 72‐year‐old woman who presented with elevated alkaline phosphatase level. She was neither a hepatitis B nor C carrier. The alpha‐fetoprotein level was normal. Ultrasound of the abdomen found two hypoechoic liver lesions. Triphasic contrast computed tomography of the liver showed two arterial enhancing lesions with portovenous and delayed washout at segment 2 (1.7 cm) and segment 4b (2.5 cm), respectively. Fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography showed two hypermetabolic foci in segments 2 and 4b of the liver, respectively, compatible with hepatocellular carcinoma. There was diffuse fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the stomach. Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) was performed, which showed diffuse gastritis only. Laparoscopic left hepatectomy was performed for the suspected hepatocellular carcinoma. Histological examination demonstrated the diagnosis of MALToma. Further bone marrow trephine did not show any bone marrow involvement by the lymphoma. The patient refused adjuvant chemotherapy.
An interview study to identify circulating nurses’ nontechnical skills
Authors: Kalantari Reza , Zamanian Zahra , Hasanshahi Mehdi , Faghihi Seyed Ali Akbar , Niakan Mohammad Hadi , Jamali Jamshid , Gheysari Somayeh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimNon‐technical skills are component features of human factors whose defects can lead to surgical errors and adverse events. Circulating nurses need to deploy non‐technical skills for safe and efficient performance. This study aimed to identify circulating nurses’ non‐technical skills.MethodsThis interview study was conducted on 29 operating room personnel. Semi‐structured interviews were used for data collection. The prepared annotated transcripts were analysed using the content analysis method by a human factors specialist under the supervision of two other researchers. The extracted behaviours were grouped based on meaning and similarity.ResultsSix categories of non‐technical skills including leadership, communication, task management, situational awareness, teamwork, and coping were identified as the circulating nurses’ key non‐technical skills. The related behaviours were also noted.ConclusionNon‐technical skills are incorporated in circulating nurses’ tasks from the onset to the end of surgery. Thus, these nurses should be aware of the necessary non‐technical skills and positive behaviours to assure a safe surgery.
Executive Deferral Plans and Insider Trading†
Authors: Franco Francesca , Urcan Oktay 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTWe study executive equity contributions to nonqualified deferred compensation plans, which consist of the election to defer part or all of the executive's annual base salary and other cash pay into the company's stock. These transactions provide executives with an alternative channel to purchase shares in the firm while benefiting from an affirmative defense against illegal insider‐trading allegations. Using a large sample of executive equity deferrals over 2000–2014, we find evidence that executives use these transactions as a means to acquire the company's stock during blackout windows. Consistent with the conjecture that deferrals can benefit from lower litigation costs that inhibit insider trades before the release of corporate news, we also find that the deferred amounts are significantly higher (lower) before the disclosure of good (bad) earnings news. These results suggest that executives can use equity deferrals to circumvent Rule 10b5 trading restrictions and generate significant returns through the timing and content of corporate disclosures around these transactions. Together, our evidence supports the recent concerns that executives might be engaging in strategic information releases around Rule 10b5 transactions.
Genetic and environmental influences on the progression from alcohol use disorder to alcohol‐related medical conditions
Authors: Edwards Alexis C. , Sundquist Kristina , Sundquist Jan , Kendler Kenneth S. , Larsson Lönn Sara 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundMedical conditions related to alcohol use disorders (AUD) represent a substantial public health concern. However, only a subset of individuals with AUD develop these conditions and the extent to which genetic and environmental factors that are shared with AUD, versus those distinct from it, contribute to this progression has not yet been determined.MethodsUsing data from Swedish national registries for a cohort born from 1932 to 1970 (N = 1,319,214, 48.9% women), we conducted twin‐sibling biometric model fitting to examine the genetic and environmental sources of variance that contribute to the liability to alcohol‐related medical conditions (AMC). Progression to AMC, determined using medical registry data, was contingent on an AUD registration, which was determined using medical and criminal registry data.ResultsWe identified AUD registrations in 3.2% of women and 9.2% of men. Among individuals with an AUD registration, 14.4% of women and 15.4% of men had an AMC registration. In the final models, we constrained the beta pathway from AUD to AMC and the genetic and unique environmental paths to be equal across sexes. The beta path was estimated at 0.59. AMC was modestly heritable in women (A = 0.32) and men (A = 0.30). The proportion of total heritability unique to AMC was 39.6% among women and 41.3% among men. A higher proportion of total environmental variance was unique to AMC: 76.7% for women and 77.2% for men. In a sensitivity analysis limited to liver‐related AMC, we observed similar results, with a slightly lower beta path from AUD to AMC (0.46) and higher proportions of AMC‐specific genetic (70.0% in women; 71.7% in men) and environmental (84.5% in both sexes) variance.ConclusionsA moderate‐to‐substantial proportion of genetic and environmental variance that contributes to AMC risk is not shared with AUD, underscoring the need for additional gene identification efforts for AMC. Furthermore, the prominent influence of environmental factors specific to AMC provides a promising area for the identification of prevention targets. We did not observe significant sex differences in the etiology of AMC, although follow‐up is warranted in other well‐powered studies.
Discriminating between patients with unipolar disorder, bipolar disorder, and healthy control individuals based on voice features collected from naturalistic smartphone calls
Authors: Faurholt‐Jepsen Maria , Rohani Darius Adam , Busk Jonas , Tønning Morten Lindberg , Vinberg Maj , Bardram Jakob Eyvind , Kessing Lars Vedel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundIt is of crucial importance to be able to discriminate unipolar disorder (UD) from bipolar disorder (BD), as treatments, as well as course of illness, differ between the two disorders. Aims: To investigate whether voice features from naturalistic phone calls could discriminate between (1) UD, BD, and healthy control individuals (HC); (2) different states within UD.MethodsVoice features were collected daily during naturalistic phone calls for up to 972 days. A total of 48 patients with UD, 121 patients with BD, and 38 HC were included. A total of 115,483 voice data entries were collected (UD [n = 16,454], BD [n = 78,733], and HC [n = 20,296]). Patients evaluated symptoms daily using a smartphone‐based system, making it possible to define illness states within UD and BD. Data were analyzed using random forest algorithms.ResultsCompared with BD, UD was classified with a specificity of 0.84 (SD: 0.07)/AUC of 0.58 (SD: 0.07) and compared with HC with a sensitivity of 0.74 (SD: 0.10)/AUC = 0.74 (SD: 0.06). Compared with BD during euthymia, UD during euthymia was classified with a specificity of 0.79 (SD: 0.05)/AUC = 0.43 (SD: 0.16).Compared with BD during depression, UD during depression was classified with a specificity of 0.81 (SD: 0.09)/AUC = 0.48 (SD: 0.12). Within UD, compared with euthymia, depression was classified with a specificity of 0.70 (SD 0.31)/AUC = 0.65 (SD: 0.11). In all models, the user‐dependent models outperformed the user‐independent models.ConclusionsThe results from the present study are promising, but as reflected by the low AUCs, does not support that voice features collected during naturalistic phone calls at the current state of art can be implemented in clinical practice as a supplementary and assisting tool. Further studies are needed.
Management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax in teenagers: An 11‐year study
Authors: Benhaïm Eve , Roth Brimbelle , Michel Fabrice , Merrot Thierry , Dubus Jean‐Christophe 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimManagement of teenagers with primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is not consensual. We report our experience over an 11‐year period.MethodsFor each patient under 20 years hospitalised with PSP from 2008 to 2018, demographic data, smoking habits, clinical presentation, hospitalisation unit, radiological management and its results, therapeutic management (observation, needle aspiration, chest tube drainage and surgery), complications, length of stay, given advice at discharge and recurrence were collected.ResultsSeventy patients were included in different paediatric or adult surgery or pulmonology wards (82.9% boys; 16.8 ± 1.7 years; one severe presentation; 18/58 smokers). Chest CT‐scan (n = 42/70, 60%) revealed blebs/bullae in 18/39 examinations (46.2%). Treatment consisted of observation (14/70, 20%), needle aspiration (2/70, 2.9%), chest tube (53/70, 75.7%) and video‐assisted thoracoscopy surgery (27/70, 38.6%). Half patients with interventional procedure presented complications. A median of 10 chest X‐rays was noted during a median stay of 8 days. Advice concerning sport practice, flying, smoking, etc., was variably delivered. PSP recurrence concerned 35/70 patients (50%) without identified predictive factors.ConclusionCompared to recent recommendations of a more conservative approach, chest CT‐scan and interventional strategy are overused in our teenagers with PSP. Observation, more or less needle aspiration, should be clearly the first‐line treatments.
Diagnosis and treatment of chronic synovitis in patients with haemophilia: consensus statements from the Italian Association of Haemophilia Centres
Authors: Di Minno Matteo Nicola Dario , Napolitano Mariasanta , Giuffrida Anna Chiara , Baldacci Erminia , Carulli Christian , Boccalandro Elena , Bruno Clarissa , Forneris Eleonora , Ricca Irene , Passeri Walter , Martinelli Marco , Rivolta Gianna Franca , Solimeno Luigi Piero , Martinoli Carlo , Rocino Angiola , Pasta Gianluigi ,   Italian Association of Haemophilia Centres Musculoskeletal Working Group
Published: December 2021

SummaryAlthough synovitis is recognized as a marker of joint disease activity, its periodic assessment is not included in routine clinical surveillance of patients with haemophilia (PwH). In order to evaluate the current knowledge and to identify controversial issues, a preliminary literature search by the Musculoskeletal Committee of the Italian Association of Haemophilia Centres (AICE) has been conducted. Statements have been established and sent to the Italian AICE members to collect their level of agreement or disagreement by a Delphi process. Thirty‐seven consensus recommendations have been drafted. We found a general agreement on the indication to consider the presence of synovitis as a marker of joint disease activity in PwH. Accordingly, there was agreement on the indication to search for synovitis both in patients reporting joint pain and in asymptomatic ones, recognizing ultrasound as the most practical imaging technique to perform periodic joint screening. Interestingly, after detection of synovitis, there was agreement on the indication to modify the therapeutic approach, suggesting prophylaxis in patients treated on demand and tailoring treatment in patients already under prophylaxis. Whereas the need of an early consultation with a physiotherapist is recommended for PwH affected by chronic synovitis, the exact timing for an orthopaedic surgeon consultation is currently unknown.
Objects that induce face pareidolia are prioritized by the visual system
Authors: Caruana Nathan , Seymour Kiley 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe human visual system has evolved specialized neural mechanisms to rapidly detect faces. Its broad tuning for facial features is thought to underlie the illusory perception of faces in inanimate objects, a phenomenon called face pareidolia. Recent studies on face pareidolia suggest that the mechanisms underlying face processing, at least at the early stages of visual encoding, may treat objects that resemble faces as real faces; prioritizing their detection. In our study, we used breaking continuous flash suppression (b‐CFS) to examine whether the human visual system prioritizes the detection of objects that induce face pareidolia over stimuli matched for object content. Similar to previous b‐CFS results using real face stimuli, we found that participants detected the objects with pareidolia faces faster than object‐matched control stimuli. Given that face pareidolia has been more frequently reported amongst individuals prone to hallucinations, we also explored whether this rapid prioritization is intact in individuals with schizophrenia, and found evidence suggesting that it was. Our findings suggest that face pareidolia engages a broadly tuned mechanism that facilitates rapid face detection. This may involve the proposed fast subcortical pathway that operates outside of visual awareness.
Synthesis of ring opening of evodiamine derivatives and evaluation on their biological activity
Authors: Guo Weihang , Wang Xianheng , Zhang Jidong , Zhang Tingting , Lv Hongfeng , Zhao Changkuo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs a main bioactive component extracted from Evodiae fructus, evodiamine has a variety of pharmacological activities. In this paper, evodiamine was chosen as starting material to react with different halides. Upon treatment of TFA, a series of novel ring‐opening evodiamine derivatives 3a–o were successfully synthesized in a moderate to high yields. These obtained compounds exhibit a moderate to good antitumor activity against MGC803 and SW480 in vitro test by MTT assay. The results showed that hexyl substituted evodiamine derivative (3j, R=hexyl) has a strong antitumor activity against MGC803 and SW480.
Radiolabeling, characterization, and preclinical evaluation of plazomicin: A potential tracer for bacterial infection
Authors: El‐kawy O. A. , Abdelaziz G. , Abdel‐Razek A. S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study, 99mTc–plazomicin, a new radio‐antibiotic complex, was prepared specifically for bacterial infection localization and monitoring. Factors affecting the labeling reaction were studied and optimized to obtain a high yield (98.8 ± 0.2%). In silico, radiochemical and physicochemical characterization and biodistribution were performed to assess the complex aptness as a radiopharmaceutical. The complex was biologically evaluated in vitro using bacteria and in vivo using different inflammation models (sterile, bacterial, and fungal). Uptake in the bacterial model was highest (7.8 ± 0.3%). Results indicated that the technetium label did not alter the antibiotic biological behavior and backed the usefulness of 99mTc‐plazomicin as a potential tracer.
An eye-opening case of periorbital oedema: a clinicodiagnostic dilemma
Authors: Hegde Pallavi , Venugopal Madhumitha , Ramesh Sandhiya , Pai Kanthilatha , Shetty Rachan , Rao Raghavendra 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cutaneous metastasis (CM), a rare occurrence, can produce a variety of skin lesions. Signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is a very aggressive tumour with low survival rate irrespective of location. We report a case of SRCC with CM presenting with asymptomatic progressive unilateral angio-oedema-like findings. A high index of suspicion and low threshold for biopsy are crucial for early diagnosis of CM as the prognosis is poor, especially when the primary cancer is SRCC.
Low-dose tofacitinib with 308-nm excimer therapy successfully induced repigmentation in patients with refractory vitiligo
Authors: Fang Wei-Cheng , Lin Sheng-Yiao , Huang Shu-Mei , Lan Cheng-Che E. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Combining low-dose tofacitinib with 308-nm excimer may be an effective treatment for patients with nonsegmental vitiligo who were refractory to conventional therapies.
Factors affecting sensitization following kidney allograft failure
Authors: Garg Neetika , Viney Kelley , Burger John , Hidalgo Luis , Parajuli Sandesh , Aziz Fahad , Mohamed Maha A. , Djamali Arjang , Mandelbrot Didier A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionManagement of immunosuppression in a kidney transplant recipient with a failed allograft is complex; continuation carries infectious and metabolic risks, and discontinuation can lead to sensitization.MethodsWe evaluated risk factors for sensitization in 89 kidney or simultaneous kidney‐pancreas recipients, whose kidney transplant failed after January, 2013 and who were subsequently re‐evaluated for kidney transplantation.ResultsAmong recipients with pre graft failure cPRA < 50%, calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) continuation (OR .11, P = .003) and steroid continuation (OR .17, P = .04) were associated with significantly lower odds of developing an absolute increase in cPRA of ≥50%. Each additional HLA mismatch was associated with OR of 2.16 (P = .02). CNI use was associated with OR of .09 (P = .001) for increase in cPRA to ≥80% if pre graft failure cPRA was <50%, and OR of .08 (P = .02) for increase in cPRA to ≥98% if pre graft cPRA was <80%. Anti‐metabolites were continued more often among recipients who had a <50% increase (P = .006); however, the association was lost on multivariate analyses. Weaning off immunosuppression and higher number of HLA mismatches are associated with greater likelihood of sensitization.ConclusionWhile both CNI and steroid continuation conferred some protection against increase in cPRA, CNI continuation was the only factor protecting against becoming highly sensitized.