bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low moisture stress influences plant volatile emissions affecting herbivore interactions in tomato, Solanum lycopersicum
Authors: Pagadala Damodaram Kamala Jayanthi , Gadad Hanamant Shivalingappa , Parepally Saravan Kumar , Vaddi Sridhar , Ramanna Hunashikatti Laxman , Bhat Ravindra Mohan 
Published: January 2021

1. Frequently changing climatic conditions can cause recurring droughts which often subject plants to tremendous amounts of stress, leaving biologists to wonder about its impact on the associated herbivores and their interactions with host plants.2. The present study was aimed at assessing the impact of low moisture stress on herbivore‐plant interactions using tomato and its associated herbivores (leaf miner, Tuta absoluta and sap feeder, Bemisia tabaci).3. The leaf miner T. absoluta preferred tomato plants exposed to moderate drought stress compared to severely drought stressed or healthy plants while the sap feeder B. tabaci preferred healthy tomato plants that were irrigated regularly over others. Our study uncovers few intriguing aspects of low moisture stress on herbivore‐host interactions and also highlights that this influence may vary depending upon the herbivore feeding guild.4. The volatile profiles of tomato plants were found to differ significantly when subjected to varied degrees of low moisture stress. Such changes in plant's volatile emissions may in turn alter its associated herbivore's behavioural perspective as observed in T. absoluta and B. tabaci.5. Reduced amounts of caryophyllene, humulene, 3‐carene, myristic acid, and γ‐butyl‐γ‐butyrolactone might be what aids T. absoluta and B. tabaci in gauging the drought stress status of a host plant. Further, the presence of chemical cues such as α‐pinene, m‐cymene, and ethyl benzaldehyde might signal T. absoluta moths of severely stressed plants. Similarly, the presence of undecane, ethyl benzaldehyde, n‐hexadecanoic acid might aid whiteflies in identifying plants reeling under low moisture stress.
How can mental health practitioners collaborate with child welfare practitioners to improve mental health for young people in out of home care?
Authors: Monson Katherine , Herrman Helen , Moeller‐Saxone Kristen , Humphreys Cathy , Harvey Carol 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundYoung people who grow up in out of home care have higher risk of poor mental health outcomes than peers who grow up with their family‐of‐origin. Interagency collaboration is an important service‐level intervention to improve access to mental healthcare. However, few descriptions of collaboration provide guidance about collaboration between individual practitioners.AimThis substudy aimed to contribute to a larger study—the Ripple project—through exploring the experiences of practitioners working across child welfare and mental health services regarding collaboration in the care of young people; and to identify practices that might enhance collaborative work and improve mental health outcomes.MethodsPractitioners from across child welfare and mental health services were purposively sampled and participated in focus groups. Recordings and transcriptions of focus groups were analysed to identify themes within and between groups. A cross‐sector expert advisory group was involved in this work.ResultsFocus groups were convened with 43 practitioners. We identified four themes during analysis, these were: shared understanding of the history and context of problems; specific skills and practices; self‐awareness of workers and carers; and involving and supporting carers.ConclusionsA number of practices were identified that might lead to enhanced collaboration between agencies and across interdisciplinary care teams. Supporting mental health practitioners to adopt these might assist interagency and interdisciplinary working.
Delirium in acute stroke: A prospective, cross‐sectional, cohort study
Authors: Rollo Eleonora , Callea Antonio , Brunetti Valerio , Vollono Catello , Marotta Jessica , Imperatori Claudio , Frisullo Giovanni , Broccolini Aldobrando , Della Marca Giacomo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeDelirium is a neuropsychiatric disorder of attention and awareness that develops over a short time and fluctuates in severity. Although delirium has been extensively studied in intensive care units, the incidence of delirium in stroke units and its predictors in stroke patients need further investigation. The endpoints of our study were incidence of delirium in acute stroke and the risk factors that predispose to this condition.MethodsPatients were consecutively enrolled in a stroke unit from April to October 2020. Inclusion criteria were: age ≥18 years, acute stroke and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score ≥1 at the time of clinical assessment of delirium. Exclusion criteria were: transient ischemic attack; absence of neuroimaging evidence of brain lesion; cerebral venous thrombosis; subarachnoid hemorrhage; and clinical conditions requiring intensive care unit treatment. All patients were evaluated by means of Richmond Agitation‐Sedation Scale (RASS) and Confusion Assessment Method‐Intensive Care Unit (CAM‐ICU) scores at baseline, evaluations which were repeated within 72 h or when patients developed symptoms suggesting delirium.ResultsThe overall incidence of delirium was 36/120 (30%). Delirium was associated with aphasia (odds ratio [OR] 9.77; confidence interval [CI] 1.2–79.6), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; OR 16.67; CI 1.1–263.0), deep Fazekas score (OR 5.05; CI 1.7–14.8), and physical restraint (OR 45.02; CI 1.4–1411.5). Diabetes was associated with a lower incidence of delirium (OR 0.04; CI 0.026–0.7).ConclusionsNearly one‐third of patients (30%) had delirium in the acute phase of stroke. This finding supports the notion that delirium is a common complication of stroke. Delirium was associated with speech disorder, leukoencephalopathy, COPD and early use of physical restraint.
Augmented seizure susceptibility and hippocampal epileptogenesis in a translational mouse model of febrile status epilepticus
Authors: Chen Kevin D. , Hall Alicia M. , Garcia‐Curran Megan M. , Sanchez Gissell A. , Daglian Jennifer , Luo Renhao , Baram Tallie Z. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveProlonged fever‐induced seizures (febrile status epilepticus [FSE]) during early childhood increase the risk for later epilepsy, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Experimental FSE (eFSE) in rats successfully models human FSE, recapitulating the resulting epileptogenesis in a subset of affected individuals. However, the powerful viral and genetic tools that may enhance mechanistic insights into epileptogenesis and associated comorbidities, are better‐developed for mice. Therefore, we aimed to determine if eFSE could be generated in mice and if it provoked enduring changes in hippocampal‐network excitability and the development of spontaneous seizures.MethodsWe employed C57BL/6J male mice, the strain used most commonly in transgenic manipulations, and examined if early life eFSE could be sustained and if it led to hyperexcitability of hippocampal networks and to epilepsy. Outcome measures included vulnerability to the subsequent administration of the limbic convulsant kainic acid (KA) and the development of spontaneous seizures. In the first mouse cohort, adult naive and eFSE‐experiencing mice were exposed to KA. A second cohort of control and eFSE‐experiencing young adult mice was implanted with bilateral hippocampal electrodes and recorded using continuous video–electroencephalography (EEG) for 2 to 3 months to examine for spontaneous seizures (epileptogenesis).ResultsInduction of eFSE was feasible and eFSE increased the susceptibility of adult C57BL/6J mice to KA, thereby reducing latency to seizure onset and increasing seizure severity. Of 24 chronically recorded eFSE mice, 4 (16.5%) developed hippocampal epilepsy with a latent period of ~3 months, significantly different from the expectation by chance (P = .04). The limbic epilepsy that followed eFSE was progressive.SignificanceeFSE promotes pro‐epileptogenic network changes in a majority of C57BL/6J male mice and frank “temporal lobe–like” epilepsy in one sixth of the cohort. Mouse eFSE may thus provide a useful tool for investigating molecular, cellular, and circuit changes during the development of temporal lobe epilepsy and its comorbidities.
Accelerated long‐term forgetting in focal epilepsy: Do interictal spikes during sleep matter?
Authors: Lambert Isabelle , Tramoni‐Negre Eve , Lagarde Stanislas , Pizzo Francesca , Trebuchon‐Da Fonseca Agnès , Bartolomei Fabrice , Felician Olivier 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAccelerated long‐term forgetting (ALF) is a particular form of amnesia mostly encountered in focal epilepsy, particularly in temporal lobe epilepsy. This type of memory loss is characterized by an impairment of long‐term consolidation of declarative memory, and its mechanisms remain poorly understood. In particular, the respective contribution of lesion, seizures, interictal epileptic discharges, and sleep is still debated. Here, we provide an overview of the relationships intertwining epilepsy, sleep, and memory consolidation and, based on recent findings from intracranial electroencephalographic recordings, we propose a model of ALF pathophysiology that integrates the differential role of interictal spikes during wakefulness and sleep. This model provides a framework to account for the different timescales at which ALF may occur.
The European Union's fishing activity outside of European waters and the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Johnson Andrew Frederick , Lidström Susanna , Kelling Ingrid , Williams Chris , Niederműller Simone , Poulsen Katrin Vilhelm , Burgess Samantha , Kent Rhona , Davies William 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe EU's fishing fleet engages in extensive fishing activities in the Exclusive Economic Zones of non‐EU countries as well as in areas beyond national jurisdiction. These activities are regulated by an external dimension in the EU's Common Fisheries Policy (CFP). We review the relationship between the CFP, including regulations for the Sustainable Management of External Fishing Fleets (SMEFF) and the role of Sustainable Fisheries Partnership Agreements (SFPAs) and Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs), and the internationally agreed aims and definitions of sustainability provided by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDG that most directly relates to fish and fisheries is goal 14, to "conserve and sustainably use the oceans." This paper, however, focuses on relationships between the CFP and SDGs that target social and economic dimensions, including those aiming to eliminate poverty (1) and hunger (2), improve health (3), provide decent work and economic growth (8), and achieve gender equality (5) and peaceful institutions (16). We identify several areas where the EU's external fishing fleet interacts with different facets of those goals, and suggest some important improvements that can be made to support the development of the EU’s external fleet into a contributor, rather than counterforce, to sustainable development in line with commitments under Agenda 2030. We provide a first and broad overview of an important area for future interdisciplinary research. We conclude by identifying specific questions that can provide starting points for further in‐depth analyses of the sustainability of EU fishing activities in external waters.
The macroecology and evolution of avian competence forBorrelia burgdorferi
Authors: Becker Daniel J. , Han Barbara A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimPrediction of novel reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens would be improved by the identification of interspecific drivers of host competence (i.e., the ability to transmit pathogens to new hosts or vectors). Tick‐borne pathogens can provide a useful model system, because larvae become infected only when feeding on a competent host during their first blood meal. For tick‐borne diseases, competence has been studied best forBorrelia burgdorferisensu lato (Bbsl), which causes Lyme borreliosis. Major reservoirs include several small mammal species, but birds might play an under‐recognized role in human risk given their ability to disperse infected ticks across large spatial scales. Here, we provide a global synthesis of the ecological and evolutionary factors that determine the ability of bird species to infect larval ticks withBbsl.LocationGlobal.Time period1983–2019.Major taxa studiedBirds.MethodsWe compiled a dataset ofBbsl competence across 183 bird species and applied meta‐analysis, phylogenetic factorization and boosted regression trees to describe spatial and temporal patterns in competence, characterize its phylogenetic distribution across birds, reconstruct its evolution and evaluate the trait profiles associated with competent avian species.ResultsHalf of the sampled bird species show evidence of competence forBbsl. Competence displays moderate phylogenetic signal, has evolved multiple times across bird species and is pronounced in the genusTurdus. Trait‐based analyses distinguished competent birds with 80% accuracy and showed that such species have low baseline corticosterone, exist on both ends of the pace‐of‐life continuum, breed and winter at high latitudes and have broad migratory movements into their breeding range. We used these trait profiles to predict various likely but unsampled competent species, including novel concentrations of avian reservoirs within the Neotropics.Main conclusionOur results can generate new hypotheses for how birds contribute to the dynamics of tick‐borne pathogens and help to prioritize surveillance of likely but unsampled competent birds. Our findings also emphasize that birds display under‐recognized variation in their contributions to enzootic cycles ofBbsl and the broader need to consider competence in ecological and predictive studies of multi‐host pathogens.
Tree canopy accession strategy changes along the latitudinal gradient of temperate Northeast Asia
Authors: Janda Pavel , Ukhvatkina Olga N. , Vozmishcheva Anna S. , Omelko Alexander M. , Doležal Jiří , Krestov Pavel V. , Zhmerenetsky Alexander A. , Song Jong‐Suk , Altman Jan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimUnderstanding how natural forest disturbances control tree regeneration is key to predicting the consequences of globally accelerating forest diebacks on carbon stocks and forest biodiversity. Tropical cyclones (TCs) are important drivers of forest dynamics in Eastern Asia, and it is predicted that their importance will increase. However, little is known about the impact of TCs on forest regeneration.LocationLatitudinal gradient from south Korea (33° N) to the Russian Far East (45° N).Time periodLast 300 years.Major taxa studiedQuercus mongolica, Abies nephrolepis and Pinus koraiensis.MethodsWe explored the effects of TC activity on canopy accession strategies derived from long‐term tree radial growth patterns along a 1,500‐km latitudinal gradient of decreasing TC activity. We analysed canopy accession strategies for > 800 trees of three widely distributed tree species by dividing them into gap trees (GTs), which established immediately after gap formation, and released trees (RTs), which accessed the upper canopy after a period of competitive suppression.ResultsWe found a substantial decrease in GTs and increase in RTs proportionally along the gradient of decreasing TC activity. Pinus koraiensis and A. nephrolepis exhibited high variability in the proportions of the individual canopy accession strategies along the latitudinal gradient, whereas it was more stable for Q. mongolica. We identified the gradient of TC activity as the main driver influencing canopy dynamics and thus changes in life‐history traits for P. koraiensis and Q. mongolica, whereas maximal growth rate was the main driver for A. nephrolepis.Main conclusionsFlexibility in growth strategies enabled the studied species to cover extensive areas and indicates that they will be able to cope with shifts in disturbance regimes induced by the poleward migration of TCs and increasing TC intensity. Our results highlight the canopy accession strategy as an ecological indicator of past disturbance activity.
Predictors for oral and general health outcomes and quality of life among older people attending general practice clinics in South Australia
Authors: Balasubramanian Madhan , Keuskamp Dominic , Amarasena Najith , Brennan David 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundAs the proportion and number of older people in Australia continue to grow, innovative means to tackle primary care and prevention are necessary to combat the individual, social and economic challenges of non‐communicable diseases.ObjectiveTo assess risk factors (or predictors) for oral and general health outcomes and quality of life of older people (75+ years.) attending general practice (GP) clinics in South Australia.MethodsData were collected from older people attending 48 GP clinics in metropolitan South Australia. Age, sex, education, living arrangement, material standards, chronic conditions and nutrition were assessed as risk factors. Global self‐rated oral and general health and quality of life (OHIP Severity and EQ‐5D Utility) were included as outcome measures.ResultsA total of 459 participants completed the study; response rate was 78%. In the adjusted models, high satisfaction with material standards and good nutritional health were positively associated with all four oral and general health measures. Sex (β = −0.08), age (β = −0.09) and number of chronic conditions (β = −0.12) were negatively associated with EQ‐5D, while living arrangement (β = 0.07) was positively associated. Further, having four or more chronic conditions (RR:1.47) was significantly associated with self‐rated general health.ConclusionSatisfaction with material standards and nutritional risk were consistent predictors for oral and general health outcomes and quality of life of older people visiting GP clinics.
Online prejudice and barriers to digital innovation: Empirical investigations of Chinese consumers
Authors: Che Tong , Peng Zeyu , Lai Fujun , Luo Xin (Robert) 
Published: January 2021

AbstractChina is widely considered a world leader in e‐commerce. In recent years, e‐commerce in China has made significant progress and gone through rounds after rounds of innovations. Technological advancements have enabled the integration of online and offline channels, allowing consumers to choose their preferred shopping channel. Thus, competition and cooperation between online and offline channels have become important issues. Drawing on confirmation bias theory and the unique cultural lens (low uncertainty avoidance and a high level of cynicism) that exists in China, we conceptualize online prejudice and propose a model to analyse how it affects channel selection. A scenario‐based survey, along with an explorative pre‐study, was conducted to test our hypotheses. The results showed that prejudice toward the online channel does exist in China. Further, this online prejudice mediates the relationship between perceived uncertainty and channel selection. That is, uncertainty can induce consumers' online prejudice, which in turn predicts their channel selection behaviour. Furthermore, the mediating effect of online prejudice is contingent upon product type (i.e., experience products vs. search products).
An evaluation of the bacteriostatic effect of platelet‐rich plasma
Authors: Smith Oliver J. , Wicaksana Aditya , Davidson Donald , Spratt David , Mosahebi Ash 
Published: January 2021

AbstractChronic wounds are a considerable health burden with high morbidity and poor rates of healing. Colonisation of chronic wounds by bacteria can be a significant factor in their poor healing rate. These bacteria can develop antibiotic resistance over time and can lead to wound infections, systemic illness, and occasionally amputation. When a large number of micro‐organisms colonise wounds, they can lead to biofilm formation, which are self‐perpetuating colonies of bacteria closed within an extracellular matrix, which are poorly penetrated by antibiotics. Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous blood product rich in growth factors and cytokines that are involved in an inflammatory response. PRP can be injected or applied to a wound as a topical gel, and there is some interest regarding its antimicrobial properties and whether this can improve wound healing. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro bacteriostatic effect of PRP. PRP was collected from healthy volunteers and processed into two preparations: activated PRP—activated with calcium chloride and ethanol; inactivated PRP. The activity of each preparation against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis was evaluated against a control by three experiments: bacterial kill assay to assess planktonic bacterial growth; plate colony assay to assess bacterial colony growth; and colony biofilm assay to assess biofilm growth. Compared with control, both preparations of PRP significantly inhibited growth of planktonic S aureus and S epidermis. Activated PRP reduced planktonic bacterial concentration more than inactivated PRP in both bacteria. Both PRP preparations significantly reduced bacterial colony counts for both bacteria when compared with control; however, there was no difference between the two. There was no difference found between biofilm growth in either PRP against control or against the other preparation. This study demonstrates that PRP does have an inhibitory effect on the growth of common wound pathogens. Activation may be an important factor in increasing the antimicrobial effect of PRP. However, we did not find evidence of an effect against more complex bacterial colonies.
Efficacy of antitachycardia pacing for electrical storms in patients with implantable defibrillators
Authors: Hayashi Hiroshi , Shimizu Wataru , Iwasaki Yuki , Yodogawa Kenji , Noda Takashi , Nitta Takashi , Aizawa Yoshifusa , Ohe Tohru , Kurita Takashi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionAlthough antitachycardia pacing (ATP) is effective in terminating ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs), the efficacy of ATP during an electrical storm (ES) and the positive impact on all‐cause mortality have not been fully elucidated.Methods and ResultsFrom 2010 to 2012, 1570 patients who underwent ICD implantation in 48 ICD centers in Japan were enrolled in the study and prospectively followed up. Patients with long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, and idiopathic ventricular fibrillation were excluded. The prevalence of shocks during ESs and impact on the all‐cause mortality were evaluated. During a median follow‐up of 28 months, there were 127 ESs in 84 patients. Of those 127 ESs, 80 ESs (63%) in 37 patients were treated by only ATP and the remaining 47 ESs in 47 patients required at least one shock. The lower ventricular rate of the initial arrhythmia during ES (odds ratio [OR]: 1.02 per unit; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00–1.04; p = .02) and narrower QRS complex (OR: 1.03 per unit; 95% CI: 1.01–1.06; p < .01) were the independent predictors of ATP success during the ES. The patients treated with ATP alone tended to have lower all‐cause mortality compared to those that required shocks during the ES (log‐rank p = .10).ConclusionsATP was effective in patients suffering from ESs as it avoided painful shocks in more than half of the cases. Patients who received only ATP during ES tended to have lower mortality compared to those who received the shock.