bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Naar een politiek-bestuurlijke herdefinitie van pandemische paraatheid
Authors: Bekker Marleen , ten Have Ivo 
Published: October 2021

Redefining pandemic preparedness. Governance of the COVID-19 response in Asia and Europe
Despite the highest ranks on pandemic preparedness assessments European welfare states encounter great difficulty in responding effectively to the COVID-19 outbreak. In this article we compare the governance of COVID-19 response in 48 Eurasian countries and a selection of European and SARS (2003) exposed Asian countries during the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak until 1 June 2020, using data from the COVID-19 Health System Response Monitor and the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker, recent scientific literature and policy documents.Pandemic preparedness during the first wave of COVID-19 evolved from specialist infectious disease control to a broad governance of population mitigation, which in at least half of Eurasian countries lacked appropriate authority and capacity. In the directly operational response in Asian countries, preparedness encompasses a whole of government approach, an engaged and active community and private actors. Preparedness requires and reflects both vertical and horizontal coordination as well as policies that fit with the political economy of a country and region.
Biopolitieke macht en de vrijheid van de burger
Authors: den Uijl Henk , Frissen Paul 
Published: October 2021

Biopolitical power and civil freedom. How political democracy is at stake in and after COVID-policy
In this political philosophy article we contribute to the question whether the covid-measures of the state fundamentally change the relation between state and society. One the one hand, we seek to explain this from the perspective of different forms of power government applies. On the other hand, we seek to understand the nature of freedom and the legitimation to restrict freedom. We notice in contemporary administration a habitus that is extremely ambivalent. On the one side, freedom is perceived as not being restrained to do, say or think whatever one wants (negative freedom). On the other hand, we notice that this freedom is not entrusted to civilians (or civilians do not entrust it to themselves), but is materialized, in great detail, by government itself. Although a pandemic may legitimize extraordinary measures, we argue that, for the sake of the future of our political democracy, the state and its administration needs to develop more self-consciousness regarding the forms of power it applies. Also, it needs to be accountable to what extent it values freedom.
Permanent falen
Authors: Van Geffen Marieke , Brandsen Taco , Lako Christiaan J. , Brand-de Wilde Odette M. 
Published: October 2021

Permanent failure: how quality systems in mental health care remain unused
In this article we present the results of research into quality control systems in Dutch mental health care (GGZ). So far, little is known about the efficacy of quality control systems in this sector. A mix of qualitative and quantitative research methods has been applied (interviews, focus groups, questionnaires and document analysis) to find out how these systems were applied in mental health care and how their use could be explained.The findings show that the implementation of quality control systems was limited and highly selective. The system appears to be permanently failing, a fact recognized by most parties, yet mistrust prevents change. This confirms the assumption from institutional theory that some parts of organizations can have a symbolic rather than a real effect. In this case, it seems that the presence of quality control systems is valued over the actual improvement of quality.
Bestuurskundige en veranderkundige lessen uit het leven van Arthur Docters van Leeuwen
Authors: van der Wal Zeger 
Published: October 2021

Lessons for administrative reform and change management from the life of Artur Docters van Leeuwen
Arthur Docters van Leeuwen was a legendary senior civil servant whose leadership in tough reform processes left many traces in Dutch public administration, even today. In my review of his 2020 memoires ‘Een Spoor van Vernieuwing’, I distil three broad lessons for change management and administrative reform, and administrative craftmanship in particular.
Calculation and Interpretation of Inter-laboratory Variation in Isotope Delta (δ) Values Using Real Interpretative Differences
Authors: Chesson Lesley , Chau Thuan , Edwards Amelia , Berg Gregory 
Published: October 2021

Building on applications in anthropology, the use of stable isotope ratio analysis of human bone collagen to investigate an individual’s life history is becoming more commonplace in the forensic science community. Careful consideration of the resultant isotope delta (δ) values, particularly in regard to their accuracy and reliability, is paramount when introducing isotope data into the U.S. court system. In this study, we use a simple framework to calculate real interpretative difference (RID) values for collagen (“col”) and assess isotope data comparability for sample analysis (RIDanalysis) as well as sample preparation/analysis combined (RIDcombined). The RIDcombined values of 0.59‰ for δ13Ccol and 0.91‰ for δ15Ncol are similar to more complex, published calculations of inter-laboratory variability in the stable isotope analysis of skeletal remains, but they are easier to calculate and intuitively elegant. The RIDcombined as well as RIDanalysis values presented here allow users to examine multiple sources of inter-laboratory isotopic variation (preparation, analysis, and both together) in a two-step process whereby a RID value is constructed and then tested. Implementation of this RID approach will provide surety for the legal and research communities in forensic applications of stable isotope ratio analysis.
Genetic Diversity in Almond (Prunus dulcis)
Authors: Sana Sadia , Akhter Naheed , Amjum Fozia , Gul Khan Samreen , Akram Muhammad 
Published: October 2021

Almond (Prunus dulcis), a stone fruit belonging to a family Rosaceae (rose) is broadly cultivated for ornament and fruit. Within this genus, the almond is very much associated with the peach, and these two fruits share the same subgenus the Amygdalus. About 430 species are spread all through the northern temperate regions of the world. The Mediterranean climate region of the Middle East like Turkey and Pakistan eastward to Syria is native to the almond and its related species. Almond is one of the ancient fruit trees known to the Asian as well as European regions with the most primitive proof of cultivation dating about 2000 B.C. Prunus dulcis (Almond) is a nutrient-loaded nut crop. Almond possesses a great genetic diversity due to the genetically controlled self-incompatibility system which can be estimated by a morphological characteristic including molecular markers and isoenzymes with a wide range of marker techniques. Simple sequence repeats (SSR) involving RFLP or SNP are the most commonly used molecular techniques among the DNA-based molecular symbols. Particular agronomic characters, e.g. kernel bitterness or self-compatibility can also be traced by these molecular markers. The direct association between the level of diversity and the basis of the germplasm cannot be understood by the studies of genetic diversity. Genetic diversity cannot be seriously lost by self-compatibility in almonds. The breeding, conservation, and cultivation of wild-growing almonds may similarly advantageous after the genetic diversity research studies (especially those applying molecular markers).
Use of Machine Learning–Based Software for the Screening of Thyroid Cytopathology Whole Slide Images
Authors: Dov David , Kovalsky Shahar Z , Feng Qizhang , Assaad Serge , Cohen Jonathan , Bell Jonathan , Henao Ricardo , Carin Lawrence , Range Danielle Elliott 
Published: October 2021

Context.—
The use of whole slide images (WSIs) in diagnostic pathology presents special challenges for the cytopathologist. Informative areas on a direct smear from a thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) smear may be spread across a large area comprising blood and dead space. Manually navigating through these areas makes screening and evaluation of FNA smears on a digital platform time-consuming and laborious. We designed a machine learning algorithm that can identify regions of interest (ROIs) on thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy WSIs.

Objective.—
To evaluate the ability of the machine learning algorithm and screening software to identify and screen for a subset of informative ROIs on a thyroid FNA WSI that can be used for final diagnosis.

Design.—
A representative slide from each of 109 consecutive thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsies was scanned. A cytopathologist reviewed each WSI and recorded a diagnosis. The machine learning algorithm screened and selected a subset of 100 ROIs from each WSI to present as an image gallery to the same cytopathologist after a washout period of 117 days.

Results.—
Concordance between the diagnoses using WSIs and those using the machine learning algorithm–generated ROI image gallery was evaluated using pairwise weighted κ statistics. Almost perfect concordance was seen between the 2 methods with a κ score of 0.924.

Conclusions.—
Our results show the potential of the screening software as an effective screening tool with the potential to reduce cytopathologist workloads.
Advancement of Bismuth‐Based Materials for Electrocatalytic and Photo(electro)catalytic Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Utomo Wahyu Prasetyo , Leung Michael K. H. , Yin Zongyou , Wu Hao , Ng Yun Hau 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAmmonia (NH3) plays a vital role in the fertilizer industry, nitrogen‐containing chemical production, and hydrogen storage. The development of electrocatalytic and photo(electro)catalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) to synthesize NH3 are desirable, which are more environmentally friendly than the conventional Haber–Bosch process. Due to the strong nonpolar bonding of the NN bond, the discovery of efficient catalysts is essential to overcome the high kinetic barrier. Here, bismuth‐based materials that show proven activities for NRR are highlighted. The fundamental knowledge, including thermodynamics, mechanisms, reaction systems, evaluation aspects of NRR, and product quantification, is introduced. Together with scientific reasoning and exhibited activities, the strategies for improving the performance are discussed in detail. Perspective and outlook, as well as the opportunities to further develop bismuth‐based materials for NH3 synthesis, are provided. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the advancement in this field and serves as a guide for the future design of highly efficient NRR catalysts.
Spiro‐sulfone‐based Auxiliary Acceptor in D‐A‐π‐A Dye‐sensitized Solar Cells Application under Indoor/Outdoor Light
Authors: Lin Ying‐Sheng , Li Hsin , Wang Ling Hsuan , Lin Yu Hsuan , Chiu Hsiao Han , Chow Tahsin J. , Chang Yuan Jay 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNovel D−A‐π‐A type organic sensitizers (YS‐1 & YS‐2) with spiro[fluorene‐9,9′‐thioxanthene]‐10′,10′‐dioxide as an auxiliary acceptor were synthesised and effectively fabricated in dye‐sensitised solar cells (DSSCs). The sensitizer structures were modified by introducing an auxiliary acceptor of spiro[fluorene‐9,9′‐thioxanthene]‐10′,10′‐dioxide between the donor and the π‐bridge moieties. The bulky auxiliary acceptor can suppress intermolecular aggregation, and the sulfone group can enhance Li+ ions trapping to retard charge recombination. The sensitizer YS‐2 performed power conversion efficiency of 4.21% under AM1.5 solar condition. Both YS‐1 and YS‐2 displayed higher light conversion efficiency than N719 in the wavelength range of 300∼500 nm. Therefore, mixing N719 with YS‐2 in a co‐sensitized test displayed an efficiency of 8.66% under one sun (AM 1.5G). While operated under CWF and TL84 indoor light, the efficiency was boosted to 22.45% and 24.72%, respectively, at 2500 lux illumination. The high co‐sensitization performance of mixing N719 and YS‐2 can be ascribed to the high absorption efficiency of YS‐2 at short‐wavelength, which is a shortcoming of N719 sensitizer. The high performance of N719 and YS‐2 co‐sensitization is mainly due to a better surface coverage on TiO2 surface. The durability test of the device co‐sensitized with N719 and YS‐2 showed a mild decay of PCE from 24.7% to 16.8% (68% maintenance) after 336 h in ambient atmosphere without encapsulation. In a comparison, the device made with bare‐N719 starting with a PCE of 19.49% dropped to 3.87% (20% maintenance) under the same condition.
Enhancing melt strength of polyglycolic acid by reactive extrusion with chain extenders
Authors: Chen Lanlan , Sun Xiaojie , Ren Yueqing , Wang Rong , Sun Miaomiao , Liang Wenbin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBiodegradable polyglycolic acid (PGA) has attracted wide interest as environmentally friendly polymer. However, poor melt properties and thermal instability limit its widespread applications, wherever processing technologies such as extrusion, blown film, thermoforming, are required. In order to enhance the melt strength of pure PGA material and enlarge its processing window, two reactive chain extenders (CEs), 4, 4′‐methylenebis (phenyl isocyanate) and styrene‐acrylic multifunctional‐epoxide oligomeric agent were incorporated concurrently into PGA using the twin‐screw extruder. The PGA molecular structures were tailored by introducing CEs. Melt flow rate of the modified PGA gradually decreased with increasing CEs contents, due to chain extension. The shear rheology data showed a remarkable increase in modulus and complex viscosity together with longer relaxation time, which can be an indication of the existence of long chain branches in the molecular structure. Dynamic time sweep tests showed that the melt stability of the modified PGA improved significantly, with a loss of about 2% of the normalized storage modulus after 15 min, while the value of pure PGA was about 17%. Besides, changes of elongational melt properties can also be found, where strain hardening occurred for the modified PGA.
Synergy Effects in Blended Electrodes for Li‐ion Batteries: A Conceptual Clarification
Authors: Heubner Christian , Liebmann Tobias , Lämmel Christoph , Schneider Michael , Michaelis Alexander 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe use of electrodes with multiple active materials is considered a promising approach to develop advanced Li‐ion batteries. Recent studies even point to synergistic effects in terms of rate performance. However, the origin of synergistic effects is still insufficiently understood to enable targeted material and design development and to optimize batteries accordingly. Using straightforward equivalent circuit modeling combined with electrochemical studies, we reveal that improvements in rate capability are an intrinsic property of blended electrodes. The electrical parallel connection of the components in the composite electrode allows the applied current to be distributed among the components in a way that the voltage losses become minimal. This way, rate‐limiting components can still contribute to the electrode's capacity at high loads, which makes blended electrodes particularly attractive, e. g., for applications that must be able to handle high pulse loads. Based on the results, rational design principle are derived by means of a systematic sensitivity analysis, quantifying the influence of the individual active material properties. These findings greatly contribute to the understanding of the internal dynamics and synergy effects in blended electrodes and support the targeted development of advantageous material combinations and electrode designs for future Li‐ion batteries.
Molecular analysis of sugar transporters and glycolysis pathways in Ettlia sp. under heterotrophy using fructose and glucose
Authors: Kim Minsik , Jeon Seungjib , Kang Nam Kyu , Lee Hyung‐Gwan , Shin Won‐Sub , Koh Hyun Gi , Yun Jin‐Ho , Ahn Chi‐Yong , Oh Hee‐Mock , Chang Yong Keun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFructophilic behavior in microalgae is a rare trait that could benefit biorefineries by enabling substitution of carbon source with fructose, and our previous study identified that Ettlia sp. prefers fructose relative to glucose. In this study, by analyzing the transcription levels of genes related to sugar transport and the glycolysis pathway, the fructose utilization of Ettlia sp. was investigated. In a fructose‐containing medium, the expression levels of fructokinase (EttFRK3) and glucokinase (EttGCK1 and EttGCK2) genes were significantly upregulated in heterotrophic cultivation of Ettlia sp. under fructose supplementation conditions. Further, a sugar transporter (EttSTF11) was significantly upregulated by 3.2‐fold in 1 day, and this increase was analogous to the specific growth rate exhibited by the species. Subsequent cultivation tests with multi‐sugar sources also showed a significant upregulation of EttSTF11 relative to other treatments without fructose. A phylogenetic tree derived from the analysis of different transporters of interest identified that EttSTF11 was adjacent to reference fructose transporters with a high bootstrap value of 71. Given that the transmembrane domains of EttSTF11 were analogous to those of reference fructose transporter genes, EttSTF11 appeared to play a critical role in fructose consumption and metabolism in Ettlia sp.
Nicotinamide N‐methyltransferase is related to MELF pattern invasion in endometrioid carcinoma
Authors: Tahara Shinichiro , Nojima Satoshi , Ohshima Kenji , Hori Yumiko , Sato Kazuaki , Kurashige Masako , Matsui Takahiro , Okuzaki Daisuke , Morii Eiichi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGrade 1 (G1) endometrioid carcinoma (EC) is relatively a good prognosis. However, in a minority of cases, G1 shows an aggressive histological pattern known as the microcystic, elongated, and fragmented (MELF) pattern. We previously reported that EC with high expression levels of S100A4 and serum deprivation‐response protein (SDPR) was related to MELF pattern invasion. However, the molecular features of the invasive front area of the MELF pattern have not been investigated. In this study, we searched for genes preferentially expressed in the invasive front area of EC with the MELF pattern using laser microdissection and RNA sequencing, and showed that nicotinamide N‐methyltransferase (NNMT) is related to MELF pattern invasiveness. Immunohistochemical analyses confirmed high NNMT expression in the invasive front area of the MELF pattern. Moreover, NNMT promoted migration, invasion, colony formation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and chemoresistance using EC cell lines. We speculate that depletion of NNMT promotes histone methylation and leads to tumor suppression because NNMT consumes S‐adenosyl methionine (SAM), which is an essential methylation cofactor. NNMT knockout cells showed enhanced expression of H3K9me2. RNA sequencing using NNMT knockout cell lines suggested that methylation of H3K9 leads to repression of the transcription of various oncogenic genes. Our findings demonstrate the possibility that NNMT inhibitors, which are expected to be used for the treatment of metabolic disorders, would be effective for the treatment of aggressive EC. This is the first report of gene analyses focusing on the morphological changes associated with MELF pattern invasion of EC.
Guillain‐Barré syndrome associated with inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A case‐report
Authors: Santoro Carlo , Guerra Tommaso , D’Errico Eustachio , Fraddosio Angela , Lapenna Francesca , Introna Alessandro , Trojano Maria 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn a system already preconditioned by previous damage, as results of the cytokine release syndrome complicating the COVID‐19 disease, a small trigger may be sufficient to develop a SIADH complicating a GBS, even without a poor outcome.
Pediatric sweet syndrome
Authors: Zhou Albert E. , Weddington Charles Maxwell , Ge Shealinna , Hoegler Karl M. , Driscoll Marcia S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPediatric Sweet syndrome is a rare dermatosis often triggered by a prodromal illness or infection and characterized histologically by a dense neutrophilic infiltrate. We report a 2‐year‐old girl with a classic presentation of Sweet syndrome following an acute thumb paronychia, who had a negative history of malignancy or immunodeficiency.
Case report of a spontaneous pneumothorax after the recovery from COVID‐19 pneumonia: A delayed complication
Authors: Shah Sangam , Pokhrel Apil , Chamlagain Rajan , Adhikari Yagya Raj , Kandel Bipin , Dhital Roman , Sharma Paudel Basanta , Yadav Sutap 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis case demonstrates pneumothorax as a consequence of COVID‐19 and emphasizes the significance of follow‐up of the COVID‐19 patients.
Pt Decorated Ni−Ni(OH)2 Nanotube Arrays for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Li Dandan , Liu Fengyu , Dou Jianmin , Zhao Qiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPt@Ni−Ni(OH)2 nanotube arrays (Pt@Ni−Ni(OH)2 NTAs) heterostructure is designed for a high‐efficiency alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by confining Pt nanoparticles in Ni(OH)2 nanotube arrays containing metallic Ni (Ni−Ni(OH)2 NTAs). Notably, the recombination of metallic Ni on the surface of Ni(OH)2 NTAs can optimize the surface electronic structure to induce the loading of the active ingredient Pt, and the interaction between the interfaces can adjust the d‐band center of Pt to promote HER. In the heterostructure, Ni(OH)2 can make up for the disadvantage of Pt splitting the HO−H bond in alkaline HER and promote the dissociation of water. As a result, the Pt@Ni−Ni(OH)2 NTAs heterostructure catalyst achieves a lower overpotential of 27 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and durability. The use of metal composites on the oxygen‐philic surface can effectively induce the loading of Pt nanoparticles, providing a new idea for the preparation of high‐efficiency hydrogen evolution catalysts.
Modeling and Simulation of a Batch Reactive Distillation Process with Column Heating
Authors: Patan Ameer Khan , Thamida Sunil Kumar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA solid catalyzed esterification reaction in a batch reactive distillation (BRD) apparatus was carried out to evaluate the start‐up dynamics and steady‐state characteristics. As a novelty, the column was provided with a heating jacket. A wall heating of 50 °C of the column gave the highest purity of distillate for this system of producing methyl acetate from a catalytic reaction between acetic acid and methanol. Experiments were performed with constant heat supply rate to the reboiler. Temperature and concentration dynamics as well as purity of the top distillate were recorded. A modeling approach was developed to validate the experimental results. A simulation code for energy and material balance under reaction and distillation conditions was developed and the experimental distillate composition of the top product was validated with simulation results for various heat input rates.