bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure and composition of early biofilms formed on dental implants are complex, diverse, subject-specific and dynamic
Authors: Dieckow Sophie , Szafrański Szymon P. , Grischke Jasmin , Qu Taoran , Doll-Nikutta Katharina , Steglich Matthias , Yang Ines , Häussler Susanne , Stiesch Meike 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBiofilm-associated peri-implant infections pose a major problem in modern medicine. The understanding of biofilm development is hampered by biofilm complexity and the lack of robust clinical models. This study comprehensively characterized the dynamics of early biofilm formation in the transmucosal passage of implant abutments in 12 patients. Biofilm structures and compositions were complex, diverse, subject-specific and dynamic. A total of 371 different bacterial species were detected. 100 phylogenetically diverse unnamed species and 35 taxonomically diverse disease-associated species comprised an average 4.3% and 3.1% of the community, respectively, but reached up to 12.7% and 21.7% in some samples. Oral taxa formed numerous positive associations and clusters and were characterized by a high potential for metabolic interactions. The subspecies diversity was highly patient-specific and species-dependent, with 1427 ASVs identified in total. The unprecedented depth of early biofilm characterization in this study will support the development of individualized preventive and early diagnostic strategies.
In vivo hyperphosphorylation of tau is associated with synaptic loss and behavioral abnormalities in the absence of tau seeds
Authors: Watamura Naoto , Foiani Martha S. , Bez Sumi , Bourdenx Mathieu , Santambrogio Alessia , Frodsham Claire , Camporesi Elena , Brinkmalm Gunnar , Zetterberg Henrik , Patel Saisha , Kamano Naoko , Takahashi Mika , Rueda-Carrasco Javier , Katsouri Loukia , Fowler Stephanie , Turkes Emir , Hashimoto Shoko , Sasaguri Hiroki , Saito Takashi , Islam AFM Saiful , Benner Seico , Endo Toshihiro , Kobayashi Katsuji , Ishida Chiho , Vendruscolo Michele , Yamada Masahito , Duff Karen E. , Saido Takaomi C. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Tau pathology is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases, including frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. However, the sequence of events and the form of tau that confers toxicity are still unclear, due in large part to the lack of physiological models of tauopathy initiation and progression in which to test hypotheses. We have developed a series of targeted mice expressing frontotemporal-dementia-causing mutations in the humanized MAPT gene to investigate the earliest stages of tauopathy. MAPT
Int10+3G>A and MAPT
S305N;Int10+3G>A lines show abundant hyperphosphorylated tau in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, but they do not develop seed-competent fibrillar structures. Accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau was accompanied by neurite degeneration, loss of viable synapses and indicators of behavioral abnormalities. Our results demonstrate that neuronal toxicity can occur in the absence of fibrillar, higher-order structures and that tau hyperphosphorylation is probably involved in the earliest etiological events in tauopathies showing isoform ratio imbalance.
Enhancing the classification of seismic events with supervised machine learning and feature importance
Authors: Habbak Eman L. , Abdalzaher Mohamed S. , Othman Adel S. , Mansour HA 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe accurate classification of seismic events into natural earthquakes (EQ) and quarry blasts (QB) is crucial for geological understanding, seismic hazard mitigation, and public safety. This paper proposes a machine-learning approach to discriminate seismic events, particularly differentiating between natural EQs and man-made QBs. The core of this study is to integrate different features into a unified dataset to train some linear and nonlinear supervised machine learning (ML) models. The proposed approach considers a collection of 837 events (EQs and QBs) with local magnitudes of $$1.5 \le M_{L} \le 3.3$$

1.5
≤

M
L

≤
3.3

from the Egyptian National Seismic Network (ENSN) seismic event catalog between 2009 and 2015. This paper’s principal contribution is applying feature selection techniques and feature importance analysis to identify the best features leading to the best events’ discrimination. In other words, the proposed approach enhances classification accuracy and provides insights into which features are most crucial for distinguishing between EQ and QB events. The results show that with only three features, corner frequency, power of event, and spectral ratio, the best-developed ML model accomplishes a discrimination accuracy of 100% among several benchmarks of linear and non-linear models.
Muscle mass, muscle strength and the renin-angiotensin system
Authors: Takeshita Hikari , Yamamoto Koichi , Mogi Masaki , Rakugi Hiromi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a classically known circulatory regulatory system. In addition to the previously known multi-organ circulatory form of the RAS, the existence of tissue RASs in individual organs has been well established. Skeletal muscle has also been identified as an organ with a distinct RAS. In recent years, the effects of RAS activation on skeletal muscle have been elucidated from several perspectives: differences in motor function due to genetic polymorphisms of RAS components, skeletal muscle dysfunction under conditions of excessive RAS activation such as heart failure, and the effects of the use of RAS inhibitors on muscle strength. In addition, the concept of the RAS itself has recently been expanded with the discovery of a ‘protective arm’ of the RAS formed by factors such as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and angiotensin 1-7. This has led to a new understanding of the physiological function of the RAS in skeletal muscle. This review summarizes the diverse physiological functions of the RAS in skeletal muscle and considers the potential of future therapeutic strategies targeting the RAS to overcome problems such as sarcopenia and muscle weakness associated with chronic disease.
Interference mitigation method for LEO satellites with optimal dynamic switching array elements in co‐frequency beams
Authors: Wang Haiwang , Huang Chenguang , Zou Cheng , Shao Fengwei , Li Guotong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSatellite communication has rapidly advanced, from navigation to broadband Internet and direct mobile connectivity. Driven by low Earth orbit satellites, these networks are merging with terrestrial mobile networks, forming integrated space–air–ground systems. However, the growing scale of satellite constellations has intensified intra‐system interference, particularly among ground cells utilizing co‐frequency beams. A mitigation method based on switching array elements is proposed, optimizing their state by considering beamwidth and maximum sidelobe level. Simulations show that the proposed algorithm effectively reduces beam coverage widening and sidelobes, mitigating the interference between co‐frequency beams.
Effect of nanostructured SiO2 on charge capture performance and electrical ageing life of PP nanocomposites
Authors: Gao Junguo , Liu Liwei , Zhang Guangwei , Lee Tingtai , Schachtely Uwe , Kobayashi Hitoshi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTo guarantee the reliability of high‐performance and environmentally friendly novel polypropylene (PP) for use as the primary insulation in cables, an assessment of the electrical ageing life of SiO2/PP composite materials was carried out using a step‐stress accelerated ageing test based on the inverse power law. The study involved an analysis of microstructural characteristics and performance testing to investigate the bonding between the SiO2 under different surface treatment methods and matrixes. Furthermore, the impact of SiO2 on charge capture performance in PP insulation was analysed through polarisation–depolarisation current testing. The results show that silica with long alkane chains and amino groups grafted on the surface has good compatibility with PP insulating layers, which can increase the trap energy level of captured electrons and thus reduce the damage of high‐energy electrons to the composites. SiO2 increased the life index of the PP insulating layer by 19.95%, which contributed to the improvement of the electrical ageing life of the PP insulating layer.
1‐Bit reconfigurable reflectarray antenna with T‐shaped parasitic structure
Authors: Li Sen , Cai Yang , Ma Hong , Bu Lijun , Qi Siyu , Cao Yufan , Wu Tao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this paper, an electronically 1‐bit reconfigurable reflectarray antenna (RRA) with wide‐angle beam‐scanning and high efficiency performance is presented for formation satellite communication applications. A 1‐bit phase distribution can be generated by controlling the state of the PIN dipole in the configurable element comprising a double split ring (DSR) patch and two T‐shaped parasitic structures. The resonant frequency of the DSR patch in both states can be optimised by a T‐shaped parasitic structure, which is beneficial to improving the bandwidth and aperture efficiency. A 180° ± 20° phase difference can be realised from 9.7 to 10.3 GHz only by controlling one PIN dipole loaded on the proposed element, which ensures stable radiation performance over a larger band. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed element, a prototype RRA containing 20 × 20 units is designed and measured. A ±60° beam scanning range with the gain drop of 3.2 and 3.3 dB in the xoz and yoz planes is realised, which verifies the wide‐angle beam‐scanning ability of the RRA. The measured peak gain is 25 dBi at 10 GHz in the broadside direction, corresponding to an aperture efficiency of 25.2%. Meanwhile, the 1‐dB gain bandwidth of the proposed RRA is 12.6%.
A miniaturised frequency selective rasorber with wide transmission band
Authors: Xu Ruofeng , Wang Jing , Kong Xianglin , Zhang Bingmei , Wang Jun , Zhang Shengjun , Liu Xiaochun , Zhao Lei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper demonstrates a miniaturised frequency selective rasorber (FSR) that incorporates meander cross‐rings to realise a wide transmission band. The FSR comprises a resistive layer and a bandpass frequency selective surface (FSS), which are separated by an air layer. The resistive layer is constructed by employing meander cross‐rings equipped with lumped resistances, where the inner arms of cross‐rings are bent to obtain a parallel resonant circuit with large inductances and small capacitances to achieve broadband transmission at high frequencies. The bandpass FSS is implemented using a triple‐layer metallic structure, where two identical square ring layers are coupled through a central metal grid layer to form the transmission band. The measured results indicate that the absorption band with absorptance exceeding 90% is from 3.5 to 9.4 GHz, and the passband exhibiting insertion loss of less than 1 dB spans from 11.92 to 17.98 GHz with a 40.5% relative bandwidth, which matches well with simulated ones. This FSR has the characteristics of simple structure and high performance, which provides a novel concept of stealth applications.
Technical, economy and environmental assessment of an improved cooking stove: An experimental study
Authors: John Gilbert Nhagala , Nyari Esebi Aloyce , Gerutu Gerutu Bosinge , Kivugo Ramadhani Omary , Warsame Farhiya , Chombo Pius V. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study assesses the technical, economic, and environmental assessment of a developed improved cookstove (ICS) for domestic uses focusing on outperforming the traditional charcoal cookstove by improving technical performance, fuel economy, and environmental savings. A set of experiments were conducted to verify the performance of the ICS. The technical performance involved measuring the cooking time (tc), maximum cooking temperature (Tmax), fuel consumption (fcons), thermal efficiency (ηth), and cooling time (tcool). The economic assessment involved daily and annual fuel cost, and daily and annual fuel cost saving while environmental saving involved annual reduction of CO, CO2, NO, and NOx gases. The Tmax of the ICS reached 1273 K, reducing the tc by 18 mins, a drop of 43%. Furthermore, this reduced the fcons by approximately 50 g, around 30%. The ICS had an enhanced tcool of about 24.53 mins and attained ηth of 43.3%. In five tests, the ICS consumed about 596 g, which costs TZS 870 and TZS 317,550 per year. The reduction in consumption significantly reduces fuel costs by 29.83%. The results showed the ICS reduced the emission of CO, CO2, NO, and NOx concentrations by 258, 650, 2, and 2.5 ppm, respectively, compared to a traditional charcoal cookstove.
Flow matching for atmospheric retrieval of exoplanets: Where reliability meets adaptive noise levels
Authors: Gebhard Timothy D. , Wildberger Jonas , Dax Maximilian , Kofler Annalena , Angerhausen Daniel , Quanz Sascha P. , Schölkopf Bernhard 
Published: December 2024

Context. Inferring atmospheric properties of exoplanets from observed spectra is key to understanding their formation, evolution, and habitability. Since traditional Bayesian approaches to atmospheric retrieval (e.g., nested sampling) are computationally expensive, a growing number of machine learning (ML) methods such as neural posterior estimation (NPE) have been proposed.
Aims. We seek to make ML-based atmospheric retrieval (1) more reliable and accurate with verified results, and (2) more flexible with respect to the underlying neural networks and the choice of the assumed noise models.
Methods. First, we adopted flow matching posterior estimation (FMPE) as a new ML approach to atmospheric retrieval. FMPE maintains many advantages of NPE, but provides greater architectural flexibility and scalability. Second, we used importance sampling (IS) to verify and correct ML results, and to compute an estimate of the Bayesian evidence. Third, we conditioned our ML models on the assumed noise level of a spectrum (i.e., error bars), and thus made them adaptable to different noise models.
Results. Both our noise-level-conditional FMPE and NPE models perform on a par with nested sampling across a range of noise levels when tested on simulated data. FMPE trains about three times faster than NPE and yields higher IS efficiencies. IS successfully corrects inaccurate ML results, identifies model failures via low efficiencies, and provides accurate estimates of the Bayesian evidence.
Conclusions. FMPE is a powerful alternative to NPE for fast, amortized, and parallelizable atmospheric retrieval. IS can verify results, helping to build confidence in ML-based approaches, while also facilitating model comparison via the evidence ratio. Noise level conditioning allows design studies for future instruments to be scaled up; for example, in terms of the range of signal-to-noise ratios.
Flaring together: A preferred angular separation between sympathetic flares on the Sun
Authors: Guité L.-S. , Strugarek A. , Charbonneau P. 
Published: December 2024

Context. Sympathetic solar flares are eruptions that occur nearby in space and time, driven by an apparent interaction between the active regions in which they are triggered. Their statistical existence on the Sun has yet to be firmly established.
Aims. The main goal of this paper is to identify a statistical signature of sympathetic flares, characterize their properties, and determine a potential mechanism driving their interaction.
Methods. We performed a statistical analysis of a large number of flares observed by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI), and the Spectrometer Telescope for Imaging X-rays (STIX) on Solar Orbiter during solar cycle 24 and 25. We examined the spatiotemporal distribution of consecutive flare pairs across solar cycle phases and hemispheres along with the propagation velocity of potential causal interactions and the relationship between flare magnitudes.
Results. We observed an excess of hemispheric flares separated by about 30° of longitude and triggered in less than 1.5 hours from each other. This peak in angular separation varies with the solar cycle phase and hemisphere. Moreover, we identified a deficit of transequatorial events separated by 25−30° in latitude and less than 5° in longitude, a phenomenon we term unsympathetic flares.
Conclusions. We provide strong statistical evidence for the existence of sympathetic flares on the Sun, demonstrating that their occurrence rate reaches approximately 5% across the three instruments used in this study. Additionally, we propose an interpretation of the observed angular scale of the sympathetic phenomenon based on the separation between magnetic field line footpoints derived from potential field source surface extrapolations.
The Surgical Management of the Eye in Facial Palsy
Authors: Malik Mohsan , Wilcsek Geoff , Shamil Eamon 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe surgical management of the periocular region in facial palsy is a critical aspect of addressing the ocular morbidity associated with facial paralysis. The reconstruction around the eye in facial palsy should take into account the duration of the facial palsy and underlying ocular pathologies. Exposure keratopathy can develop secondary to lagophthalmos, ectropion, and brow ptosis. Clinicians should optimize the function of the eye with medical treatments in the first instance and where required adjunctive static or dynamic surgical therapy. The cosmesis of the periocular region should also be taken into consideration when surgical reconstruction is being planned. This manuscript aims to provide a review of surgical solutions for patients with chronic eye manifestations of facial palsy.
COVID-19 Serostatus Does Not Affect the Intrauterine Transfer of Micronutrients and Fatty Acids or Maternal–fetal Lymphocyte Cell Composition: An Observational Study
Authors: Surekha Mullapudi V. , Meur Gargi , Suneetha Nadimpalli , Balakrishna Nagalla , Kumar Putcha U. , Tulja Bhukya , Reddy K. Suryam , Ibrahim Ahmed , Sunitha Pratha 
Published: December 2024

Objective Studies on the effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on pregnant mothers and their newborns, specifically in relation to their micronutrient status, fatty acids (FAs), and inflammatory status are sparse. We hypothesized that COVID-19 infection would adversely affect the transfer of nutrients, and FAs from mothers to their fetuses via the umbilical cord and maternal–fetal distribution of inflammatory cells. This study aimed to determine the effect of COVID-19 on micronutrients, inflammatory markers, and FAs profiles in pregnant mothers and their newborns' cord blood.
Study Design This was a cross-sectional study of 212 pregnant mothers in the third trimester and their newborns, recruited after testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) serostatus. Peripheral blood of mothers and cord blood were collected at birth and analyzed for vitamin B12 (Vit B12), folic acid, 25(OH)D3, FAs, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Student's t-test or analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to express statistical significance. Non-normal data were tested using the Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis test, with proportions compared with the chi-square test.
Results Vit B12 levels were significantly low and adrenic acid levels significantly high in COVID-19 seropositive mothers while 25(OH)D3 was significantly low in seropositive cord blood. Irrespective of COVID-19 serostatus, folate, vit B12, saturated FA levels were significantly high in cord blood indicating their increased transfer from mothers to the fetus. However, monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels were significantly lower in cord blood. Irrespective of COVID-19 serostatus, CD4+ T helper cells (percentage of lymphocytes) were significantly higher in cord blood, while NK cells, NK-T cells, and CD8+ T-cytotoxic cells—percentage of lymphocytes—were significantly lower in cord blood when compared with corresponding mother's blood.
Conclusion The results indicate that while COVID-19 did not impede the transfer of essential nutrients such as MUFA and PUFA from mother to fetus, or affect maternal–fetal immune cell responses, it did appear to affect the levels of vit B12, vitamin D, and adrenic acid.
Key Points
Construction and Validation of an Early Identification Model for Refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae-Positive Lobar Pneumonia
Authors: Zhou Bi , Tang XiaoDong , Mi DaWei , Li Ying , Liu HaiYan , Zhu Feng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective This study analyzed the relationship between clinical parameters and prognosis in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP)-positive lobar pneumonia and developed an early identification model.
Methods Relevant clinical parameters were collected. Patients were then categorized into two groups based on their length of hospital stay: 116 cases in the refractory group (≥10 days) and 94 cases in the non-refractory group (<10 days). A univariate analysis of variance and binary logistic regression were utilized to develop a predictive model, accompanied by the construction of a nomogram. The model's performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, diagnostic calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA) curves. Furthermore, clinical data from 100 additional cases of MP-positive lobar pneumonia in children treated at other centers were gathered for external validation of the model.
Results Binary logistic regression analysis identified four independent risk factors for prolonged disease duration in children with MP-positive lobar pneumonia: erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), globulin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and SF. We constructed a nomogram model based on these risk factors. In the training set, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.869 (95% CI: 0.822–0.917), with a sensitivity of 68.54% and a specificity of 82.61%. For the test set, the AUC increased to 0.918 (95% CI: 0.866–0.971), demonstrating a sensitivity of 91.67% and a specificity of 78.69%. The DeLong test results indicated that the difference in AUC between the two datasets was not statistically significant (D = − 1.724, p = 0.086). Calibration curve analysis confirmed that the nomogram model exhibited a good fit in both the training set (Hosmer–Lemeshow test, χ2 = 8.120, p = 0.421) and the validation set (Hosmer–Lemeshow test, χ2 = 14.601, p = 0.067). DCA further demonstrated that the model performed significantly across a range of threshold probabilities.
Conclusion The nomogram model developed for predicting refractory MP-positive lobar pneumonia in children has significant clinical value and can guide personalized treatment strategies.
Dieulafoy's Lesion: A Rare Cause of Gastrointestinal Bleeding after Interrupted Aortic Arch Repair in an Adult
Authors: Tennyson Charlene , Adigun Abiodun , Ghosh Jonathan , Kadir Isaac , Dimarakis Ioannis 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSurvival into adulthood in patients with an interrupted aortic arch (IAA) is exceedingly rare. A recent literature review found 25 reported cases of IAA in adults. We describe the first case of prolonged, occult, postoperative gastrointestinal bleeding as a major complication following IAA surgery. We discuss the management of a 51-year-old man who underwent repair of an IAA, aortic valve replacement, and replacement of the ascending aorta for a known aortic aneurysm.