bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of PV integrated wall and roof as a building material
Authors: Singh Digvijay , Rawat Mohan , Singh S.P. , Chaudhary Rubina 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The performance of the Photovoltaic (PV) module as a building material is analyzed by predicting the hourly variation in the room temperature compared to base case (conventional material). A computer simulation model of Fourier admittance method is used for the analysis. The average temperature fluctuation of PV roof and PV wall building compared to base case is 6.58°C and for PV wall 2.91°C respectively. The total daily energy generation from PV wall is found in the range of 6.7 kWh to 11.86 kWh, for PV roof its 17.24 kWh to 22 kWh. Due to temperature fluctuation the max additional daily cooling load obtained in PV roof case is 94.7 kWh and 41.97 kWh for PV wall.
Literature review on the usage of six sigma techniques for improvement of quality in soft drink beverage and bottling industries
Authors: SM Khwaja Mohinuddin , Vivekanand V , Jayakumar C 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The main goals of a manufacturing plant is to improve quality, throughput and increase productivity by reducing ineffective time. In order to do so various areas needs to be looked at and one such focus is on quality improvement, quality has various dimension’s and meeting all these dimension require a sound approach like Six Sigma. The soft drink beverage industry has a complex manufacturing process and there are strict quality measures due to the direct relation which it has with its consumers. In order to accomplish such a need six sigma approach is essential. In regard to the beverage industry quality issues starts of from carbon dioxide yield to bottle filling issues. This study focusses on bringing in different literature which have used six sigma tools and techniques in the bottle and beverage industry. Based on the study it was found techniques such as pareto analysis, fish bone diagram, design of experiment, analysis of variance (ANOVA), control charts are widely used. This is done in order to provide a sound framework on what techniques can be applied when an issue on quality arises.
Electrochemical Studies of Structural Materials in Acidic Peroxide Media
Authors: Choudhary Vipin , Kumar Rajendra , Kumar Vijay , Singh A.K. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Corrosion in paper industries is responsible not only for weakening of metal structures but also for pollution of process liquors and contamination of products. The bleaching sections in pulp and paper industry are among the worst affected by the ravages of corrosion. In bleach plants the materials are exposed to highly corrosive bleaching liquors. Now day’s new norms of safety of environment are forcing paper industries to use peroxide as a bleaching agent instead of chlorine. So in the present study an effort has been done to propose an appropriate material for the construction of future bleach plants keeping in mind their mechanical factors and cost of the material. Accordingly electrochemical polarization tests, E vs. time curve, potentiodynamic polarization curve and cyclic polarization curve were performed on stainless steels samples of 316L, 317L, 2205 and 254SMO in peroxide containing solutions having H2O2, 500 and 1000 parts per million (ppm). The pH of these solutions was kept 4. The Chloride content varied from 0 to 1000 ppm. These tests was performed at room temperature. These tests showed increased resistance against corrosion in order of: 316L<317L<2205<254SMO. Thus 254SMO shows highest resistance for attack of corrosion but keeping in mind fabrication and cost aspects optimal material for treating these peroxide media is recommended to be SS 2205.
Exploring Wrist Pulse Signals using Empirical Mode Decomposition: Emotions
Authors: Garg Nidhi , Arvind  , Kaur Gurpreet 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Emotion recognition is attracting considerable interest among the research community. In this work, Empirical Mode Decomposition has been implemented to derive both statistical and nonlinear features from Wrist Pulse Signal to classifying emotions namely anxiety and boredom. Wrist Pulse signals were extracted from 24 subjects using TETRIS game as a stimulus using Fission and Fusion approach. The acquired signals were pre-processed to remove unwanted noise and artefacts present within the signal. In addition, various classifiers namely Naiive Byes, Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbour, Logistic Regression, Linear Discriminant Analysis, Quadratic Discriminant Analysis were considered. Results from these classifiers indicate that both Logistic Regression and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis gave an indistinguishable accuracy of 99.71% (fission) and 77.08% (fusion) for anxiety state. Moreover, for boredom state, the highest classification accuracy was 66.67 % for Naiive Bayes using fission and 64.58% for fusion. Results highlight the impact of empirical mode decomposition with hilbert transform for the recognition of emotion from wrist pulse signals.
A survey on key enabling technologies towards 5G
Authors: Yachika  , Kaur Preetjot , Garg Roopali 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Recently the market has been hit with 5G innovations and ceramic materials are an integral aspect of its technical growth. Since the number of users is increasing day by day, a high data rate and improved spectral efficiency become the prime need of today’s wireless networks. 5G is an end-to-end network that provides improved data capacity, high-performance broadcast services, low latency, and can support millions of connected devices. The fifth-generation network claims to satisfy the tremendous demands of the growing number of users by using cutting edge technologies. Different characteristics of 5G mobile communication technology and its key requirements as given by its basis ITU (International Telecommunication Union) have been explored. This paper discusses the basic understanding of the key enabling technologies of the 5G network. Furthermore, it also focuses on the different applications of 5G wireless communication and throws light upon the challenges which are lying ahead in the development of the 5G era.
Hybrid ANFIS-PID Based MPPT Controller for a Solar PV System with Electric Vehicle Load
Authors: Pareek Shashank , Kaur Tarlochan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Solar photovoltaic (SPV) system is emerging as one of the most popular sustainable technologies, especially for generating electricity. The efficiency of the photovoltaic system may be substantially increased by using maximum power point tracker (MPPT). Most of the existing MPPT algorithms suffer from the drawback of being slow in tracking, due to which the utilization efficiency of SPV is reduced. This paper deals with the issues of MPPT techniques by means of a new model of an adaptive PID controller that is based on ANFIS. This helps achieve the maximized output of DC pump in terms of the speed. Further the propose controller is applied for Electrical Vehicle (EV) to determine its performance. A significant number of approaches have been designed to attain maximum power point from the solar based pump. To this end ANFIS is utilized to maximize the performance as it is an intelligent system. However, some drawbacks are observed in this system that raises the need of a novel model. Thus, in this paper, a technique is designed in which PID controller is introduced and amalgamation of ANFIS and PID makes the working of MPPT better. Also, the designed model is tested for the electrical vehicle (EV).MATLAB software is used for simulation, and results show that the designed model has the capacity to increase the motor speed as well as the state of charge (SOC) in the EV as it generates high voltage and thus consequently results in high speed for both the cases. The outcome of ANFIS based PID controller outperformed the effectiveness of the existing pump as it effectively increased the speed of pump at different irradiances conditions because it has high power extraction capability than the existing one.
IoT Based Underwater Robot for Water Quality Monitoring
Authors: Gupta S , Kohli M , Kumar R , Bandral S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
With the rising population in India, an increase in requirement of fresh water for agricultural, industrial and other purposes is being witnessed. As such fresh water management has become the need of the hour. In this model automated evaluation of water quality such as its ph value, turbidity and temperature is done. For underwater communication, ESP32 is being used because of its inbuilt Wi-Fi and low power consumption. Machine to Machine communication (i.e. devices communicating with each other and accordingly processing the data efficiently), pH sensor and turbidity meter have been integrated in developing this IoT based project. Adding to this, machine understanding algorithm using K Means has been used in analyzing the water quality based on predefined standards. This project has been developed as a small prototype consisting of low-cost embedded devices such as ESP32, Arduino Uno.
An Efficient Design of Binary to Gray Code Binary Converter using QCA
Authors: Bhamra K S , Joshi G , Kumar N 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
An upcoming Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) technology promises the incomparable compactness, high-speed operation and the features of ultralow-power utilization. In QCA, fault-tolerance is a significant feature to be considered in order to explore and manufacture quantum dots. For the reason of its high density and its inbuilt substantial properties. In this paper, the QCA based 2-bit, 3-bit, 4-bit, and 5-bit gray code converter have been proposed. The proposed converter designs reduce the number of cells (57.5% for 2-bit, 62.19% for 3-bit, 64.28% for 4-bit) and area (50% for 2-bit, 63.63% for 3-bit and 53.33% for 4bit) as compared to the earlier existing circuit, and also design a 5-bit converter. An integrated parameter, Area Utilization Factor (AUF) is also calculated for all the designs.
Design and Analysis of Exhaust System for Ultra-fuel Efficient Vehicles
Authors: Varun Ram G , Nithesh Sharan G , Praveen Kumar T , Tanish P 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Exhaust systems for Internal Combustion (I.C) engines have been finding their significance in the performance of an engine from its inception. One of the detrimental factors for the performance of exhaust is the amount of backpressure building through the flow. This study focuses on reducing backpressure occurring in the exhaust and increasing the ease of manufacturability for a 50 cm3 single cylinder Spark Ignition (S.I.) engine used in an ultra-fuel efficient vehicle. The flow of the exhaust gases from the engine are analyzed with the help of ram induction theory. Computational Fluid Dynamics has been employed to facilitate the study of turbulent flow in the exhaust and obtain results close to a streamlined flow. Parameters such as dimensions, operating pressures and velocities are calculated to understand the flow characteristics. The results strengthen the bilateral scopes of study here being, smooth flow of exhaust gases and greater manufacturability. The bend and end cone angles are defined in such a way that the wastage of material is least and complexity of the geometry is moderate. The exhaust has been designed keeping the chassis and engine complacency constraints in concern. The results of this study can be useful in manufacturing and integration with light gasoline engines, but of the same orientation as the one discussed here, for prototyping purposes.
Robust anti-spoofing techniques for fingerprint liveness detection: A Survey
Authors: Habib A , Selwal A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The Presentation attacks on biometric systems have become a major concern in the cyber world. The literature reveals that these systems are vulnerable to spoofing or presentation attacks (PAs) which sometimes result in complete failure of the recognition system. To combat against PAs, the anti-spoofing or Presentation attack detection (PAD) methods have been developed to check the liveness of the fingerprint modality. However, with the emergence of artificial intelligence, several software-based countermeasures have been proposed by the research community. Depending on the type feature extraction mechanism the PAD techniques are categorized into two main types namely; Machine learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) based approaches. This paper aims to present a review of existing work on the fingerprint PAD mechanism which has been carried out. The paper discusses the various fingerprint artifacts, state-of-the-art ML and DL based PAD algorithms, and publically available benchmark datasets. Furthermore, we discuss the major research challenges and future work that need to be addressed in this active field of fingerprint liveness detection.
Design Improvements in Multi-sectional HFCG using Time-varying Skin Depth
Authors: Gautam Rajat , Chanana Saurabh 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) modelling procedure uses a filamentary-mesh approach and the dynamic matrix concept which are used in Helical Flux Compression Generator (HFCG) design. Although 2D modelling offer results which have been verified experimentally, yet none of the existing 2D-codes include the effect on skin depth that are caused from the high variation of current in very short duration of time. In most published codes, the formula that is used, provides simply a steady-state approximation of the skin depth. The influence of skin depth is represented approximately by using a static expression where frequency is assumed constant. This paper describes a new tactic by using a dynamic time-varying expression for skin depth, which is implemented for use with an existing 2D model. It is shown that effect of high change in current on skin effect is significant than those predicted by the constant skin depth formula.
A PROMETHEE based multi criteria decision making analysis for selection of optimum site location for wind energy project
Authors: Manoj Vasupalli , Swathi Aakula , Rao Vemireddi Tejeswara 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation) method based on AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) is applied to the selection of optimum site location for Wind energy projects. Our case study tried to find out the selection of best site for the wind energy project in India. For this study authors have chosen six wind energy projects which are located across in India. Wind power, Hub height, Distance, Cost, CO2, Wind speed and Blade height are the seven criteria had taken for the selection of best location. AHP is integrated with PROMETHEE to meet the objective of this study. Firstly, the weights of each criterion are to determine using Analytical Hierarchy. These weights will be used in PROMETHEE II method to select the best project. A case study is performed to exhibit the application of the methods was conducted to evaluate six types of wind power projects. The AHP-PROMETHEE II result showed that the Muppandal wind farm, Kanyakumari is the best wind power project among the six projects.
Finite Element Method (FEM) based Design and Simulation of Practical Transformer with Nano-Crystalline Core Using ANSYS
Authors: Kaur Sarpreet , Kaur Damanjeet 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Transformer is the main apparatus of the power system for both transmission and distribution of electrical energy. It is the important component of electrical engineering because of its high efficiency and helps in step up and step down the voltage, impedance matching and circuit isolation. Team of designers, engineers and building owners struggled for high-performance in order to maximize the transformer efficiencies. Design and selection of material to construct a transformer core is a significant process. The purpose of this study is to model and simulate a practical 12.5MVA, 66/11kV, three phase power transformer with Nano-crystalline materials like FINEMET and VITROPERM using ANSYS. The study also put some light on the usage of these materials for core as they shows reduced losses in transformer.
Design and Static Analysis of Mono Composite Leaf Spring Made of Various Types of Composite Materials Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Singh Vishesh , Rastogi Vikas 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this study design and static analysis of mono composite leaf spring are performed in comparison to the existing structural steel leaf spring. The basic idea behind this work is to replace the existing structural steel leaf spring with composite materials. In this work, three different kinds of composite materials are taken such as laminated Carbon/Epoxy, Boron/Aluminum, and Carbon/Epoxy (Non-Laminated) with the same thickness, width, and load-carrying capacity. The main investigation of the study is to reduce the weight of existing structural steel leaf spring while upholding its strength. This study seeks to address, improving load-carrying capacity, and designing less stressed and lightweight mono composite leaf spring. In this study, 60% fiber volume fraction and 40% matrix volume fraction are taken. In present work total deflection and equivalent von-misses stresses induced in the different kinds of mono composite leaf spring are compared with total deflection and equivalent von-misses stresses of conventional structural steel leaf spring. For analysis purposes, Ansys workbench 19.2 is used and for modeling of composite leaf spring, NX 10 (Unigraphics) is used. Finally, from the static analysis results, it has been observed that the newly designed composite leaf spring made of Carbon/Epoxy (Non-Laminated) has better performance than the existing conventional structural steel leaf spring.
Design and Stability analysis of CNTFET based SRAM cell
Authors: Devi Meenakshi , Madhu Charu , Garg Nidhi , Singh Sarvjit , Singh Preeti 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor (CNTFET) has proved to be very beneficial for VLSI circuit designs in the nano scale range due to its amazing properties than MOSFETs. As we reduce the gate length of the device to below 45nm, we see a lot of changes in its parameters such as stability of the cell reduces, power consumption and delay increases which are different from the traditional MOSFETs. This becomes a serious issue when we try to take traditional MOSFETs scale down from this technology node. The main aim of this paper is to design CNTFET 6T SRAM memory cell which consumes less power and is highly stable at 32nm technology node. The Stanford model files have proved to be very good for the CNTFET devices, which simulates on 32 nm technology nodes in HSPICE tool. The results shown in this paper clearly indicate that the stability enhances by approx. 27.55% of the CNTFET SRAM cell with 37.44% improvement in the power consumption. Explicit analysis of the results shows that CNTFET based 6T SRAM cell has improved power consumption, less delay and high stability with improved read & write noise margin than conventional 6T SRAM cell.
Complex variable solution for mode-III quadratically varying PS model in piezoelectric media
Authors: Singh Sandeep , Sharma Kuldeep 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Complex variable technique and extended Stroh formalism approach are applied to develop the closed-form solutions for mode-III quadratically varying polarization saturation (PS) model in an infinite piezoelectric media. A semipermeable centre crack problem is considered for study under the influence of out of plane far-field mechanical loading and in-plane electrical displacement loading. Similar to PS model, the electrical yielding zones or saturated zones are considered just infront of the crack-tips in the form of a strip. But in place of constant PS condition imposed on yielding zones, the quadratically varying PS condition is considered for study. Mathematically, this problem reduces into simultaneous non-homogeneous Riemann-Hilbert problems which are solved by finding the solutions of involved singular integrals. Hence, some standard fracture parameters are derived in explicit forms such as saturated zone lengths, crack sliding displacement, crack potential drop and local stress intensity factor. Also, the comparative studies for quadratically varying PS model and PS model are presented graphically.
Design and Implementation of an Asymmetric Cascaded H-bridge Fifteen Level Inverter with Minimum Number of Switches for Smart Grid Applications
Authors: Gaur Parul , Verma Yajvender Pal , Singh Preeti 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Multilevel inverters are nowadays getting more and more attention in the industrial world due to the attractive features offered by the multilevel inverters. However, usage of more semiconductor switches in the higher levels of these inverters poses a restriction to its wider applications in the industries. Therefore, a novel fifteen level inverter of cascaded H-bridge topology is being designed and implemented, that incorporates the minimum number of switches, thus confirms the reduction in size, minimum switching losses and further reduction in overall cost of the multilevel inverter. The foremost concern of the suggested work is to improve the efficiency and quality of the desired voltage waveform of the multilevel inverter using the effective controlling strategies keeping harmonics at a lower level. The control methods are applied to the fifteen level inverter for further improvement in the voltage regulation and thereby lead to the better efficiency, reliability and economic improvement. The performance assessment of the implemented fifteen level inverter has been done in respect of the total harmonic distortion and switching losses and is compared with the other existing topologies. The implemented inverter is well suited for drive, renewable energy and smart grid applications.
Influence of ammonium hydrogen carbonate molar ratio on structural and morphological properties of Y2O3nanoparticles
Authors: Kumar Sushil , Tripathi Harshit , Bhardwaj Sumit , Sharma J D , Batra Uma 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe co-precipitation synthesis is considered as one of the greatest wet chemical route to produce nanoparticles because of its yield and control over synthesis parameters. In this manuscript, Yttria (Y2O3) nanoparticles (YNPs) have been synthesized through direct titration precipitation process using ammonium hydrogen carbonate (AHC) as precipitant to metal ion molar ratio (M3+) in acidic medium condition. The molar ratio [R= (NH4HCO3)/(M3+)] varies from 0.35 M to 0.55 M with constant metal ion (M3+=0.1M) concentration. The influence of R-value on crystallographic structure, particle size, surface morphology of YNPs are comprehensively studied. Rietveld refined parameters confirm the formation of pure cubic yttria phase in calcined powders. The FTIR results confirm the presence of Y-O-Y and Y-O bands. The influence of R-value on the development of morphological aspects was observed using field emission scanning electron microscopy which shows pseudo spherical morphology with a particle size range of 24.63±5.6 nm to 31.46±5.1 nm. TGA/DSC results confirm the complete transformation of intermediate yttrium compounds to pure cubic Y2O3single phase at a temperature of 780°C.