bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carotenoids and flavonoids in human milk: longitudinal patterns from China, Mexico, and the USA (623.25)
Authors: Lipkie Tristan , Song Brian , Probst Matt , Morrow Ardythe , Peng Yongmei , Guerrero Maria , Ruiz‐Palacios Guillermo , McMahon Robert , Jouni Zeina , Ferruzzi Mario 
Published: June 2021

Emerging evidence indicates that particular phytochemicals may have a role in infant nutrition and development, yet data on carotenoid and flavonoid content of human milk remains sparse. Milk was longitudinally collected at 2, 4, 13, and 26 weeks postpartum from twenty mothers each in China, Mexico, and the USA to determine the variation in composition by donor, lactation stage, and country. Maternal and neonatal plasma was analyzed for carotenoids from the USA cohort at 4 weeks postpartum. Donor strongly predicted (p<0.01) total carotenoid content (mean ± SEM = 17.1 ± 10.2 nmol/g lipid) and total flavonoid content (103.5 ± 96.1 nmol/L). With increasing weeks postpartum, the content of provitamin A carotenoids (nmol/g lipid) increased (p<0.05 except for alpha‐carotene), but other phytochemicals remained unchanged. Country of origin also influenced composition: Total carotenoids and lutein content were greatest, while lycopene was lowest, in milk from China; and the individual flavonoid aglycone epicatechin gallate had the highest concentration in milk from Mexico (p<0.05). Lutein, β‐cryptoxanthin, and β‐carotene were correlated (p<0.05) between maternal plasma, milk, and neonatal plasma, but lycopene levels of neonatal plasma did not depend on milk content. Anthocyanins were not detected in human milk samples. These results expand our knowledge of phytochemical composition of human milk globally.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Mead Johnson Nutrition, USDA National Needs Program and NICHD HD13021.
Intervention design for increasing fruits and veggies among low‐income pregnant Latinas (624.12)
Authors: Hromi‐Fiedler Amber , Chapman Donna , Segura‐Pérez Sofia , Damio Grace , Bermúdez‐Millán Angela , Clark Pamela , Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael 
Published: June 2021

The primary study objective is to identify a culturally appropriate intervention to increase fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake among low‐income pregnant Latinas. One focus group and 2 small group discussions have been conducted with: (1) Latina prenatal care staff members from a local community based organization (N=5); (2) younger and more acculturated pregnant Latinas (N=2); (3) older and less acculturated pregnant Latinas (N=3). Group discussions lasted from 116 to 165 min. Preliminary content analysis indicates consensus that pregnancy is a “teachable moment” where maternal eating patterns can be influenced due to the benefit it offers the offspring. Also, nutrition education sessions and cooking/taste testing demonstrations (with recipes) should be vital intervention components, thus teaching participants to prepare healthy, tasty dishes. The first two groups favored both group and individual education delivered by community health educators, while those in the latter group favored group education only. Eliciting individual motivation and determination to change were cited as key factors for intervention success. Staff participants felt improving physical and economic access to F&Vs also needed to be a key intervention component, citing various methods including using existing resources (i.e. produce mobile vending units), encouraging community gardens, or providing F&Vs through local NGOs. Preliminary findings suggest that the social‐ecological framework should guide the final intervention design. Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH‐NINR (Grant #: 1R21NR013970)
The effect of acculturation on Latina mothers’ food choices and body weight ideals for their children (624.13)
Authors: Chavoor Tracie , Papathakis Peggy , Voorheis Grace , Harrison Kelly 
Published: June 2021

Objective: Focus groups of low income Latina mothers were conducted to identify reasons mothers make family food choices and to understand perceptions of body sizes and if these differed by acculturation.Results: Eight groups were held (n=30). In four groups of bi and low acculturated mothers, eight similar themes and four different themes were identified between bi and low acculturated groups. Similar themes included: challenges cooking traditional and healthy foods due to family preferences, looking to doctors to categorize their child’s weight and lower acculturated mothers have less awareness of their child’s weight than high acculturated ones. Low acculturated groups mentioned growing up with low food availability that led them to feed their children more liberally. Bi acculturated groups mentioned not believing the doctor when told their child was overweight.Conclusions: Latina mothers encounter barriers when preparing traditional foods for their children, especially considering their children’s preferences for American foods. Dietary acculturation can lead to unhealthy eating patterns. Doctors have an important role in correcting misinformation on appropriate body size however doctors frequently fail to bring up weight during visits. As the women acculturate they may become more aware of weight due to the western emphasis on body image.Grant Funding Source: Supported by California State WIC and the Ag Research Initiative
A systematic review and meta‐analysis on the effects of multi‐micronutrient fortified beverages on children’s nutritional status in lower‐income countries (624.17)
Authors: Aaron Grant , Dror Daphna , Yang Zhenyu 
Published: June 2021

In the context of lower‐income countries, fortification has mostly focused on centrally processed foods and condiments. Less information is available about the overall impacts of beverage fortification. Multiple PubMed searches were conducted to identify relevant studies. A total of 992 citations were screened, of which 10 randomized controlled trials were included in the review (pooled n = 4645). Compared to iso‐caloric controls, children who received MMN beverages for 8 weeks to 6 months showed significant improvements in hemoglobin (+2.76 g/L, 95% CI [1.19, 4.33], p = 0.004; 8 studies) and serum ferritin (+15.42 pmol/L, [5.73, 25.12], p = 0.007; 8 studies). Consumption of fortified beverages significantly reduced the risk of anemia (RR 0.58 [0.29, 0.88], p = 0.005; 6 studies), iron deficiency (RR 0.34 [0.21, 0.55], p = 0.002; 7 studies), and iron deficiency anemia (RR 0.17 [0.06, 0.53], p = 0.02; n = 3). No significant effects were found for serum retinol (5 studies), zinc (4 studies), or vitamin B12 (3 studies). Although the number of data points precluded meta‐analysis, several studies found favorable effects of beverage fortification on riboflavin (n = 2), folate (n = 2), vitamin B6 (n = 1), vitamin C (n = 2), thiamin (n = 1), and urinary iodide (n = 1). Weight gains were modestly but significantly greater in the intervention compared with the control groups (+0.30 kg [0.01, 0.58], p =0.04; 6 studies), while neither height gains nor weight‐for‐age nor height‐for‐age Z‐scores differed significantly between groups (5, 4, and 3 studies respectively). MMN beverage interventions are effective at reducing the risk of anemia and iron deficiency in school age children.Grant Funding Source: The Coca‐Cola Company. The funding source had no role in the work
Antenatal iron‐folic acid supplementation reduces mortality in children less than 5 years of age in Nepal (624.18)
Authors: Nisar Yasir , Dibley Michael , Mebrahtu Saba , Paudyal Naveen , Devkota Madhu , Maharjan Macha 
Published: June 2021

Objective To examine the effect of antenatal IFA supplements on the risk of childhood mortality in Nepal using pooled data from 3 Nepal DHS (2001, 2006 &amp; 2011).Methods Survival information was used from 13,009 singleton most recent live‐born infants. Primary outcomes were mortality indicators in children <5 years and the main exposure variable was any use of IFA supplements. Analyses used multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression adjusted for X potential confounders and the sampling design.Results Any use of IFA supplements significantly reduced risk of neonatal deaths by 42%, and by 45% for early neonatal deaths (aHR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.38, 0.79, p=0.002). These protective effects of any IFA extended to 4 years of age. For mothers who started <4 months of pregnancy and used 蠅120 supplements under‐5 mortality was significantly reduced by 55%. 15% of under‐5 deaths were attributed to non‐use of IFA, and 29,000 under‐5 deaths could be prevented in the next 5 years with universal coverage of IFA.Conclusion IFA significantly reduces the risk of under‐5 deaths in Nepal, with the greatest impact on child survival in women who started early in pregnancy and took 蠅120 supplements.Grant Funding Source: Supported by UNICEF Nepal
Preschool based point‐of‐use fortification with micronutrients for six months reduces anaemia with modest effects on growth in rural India (624.22)
Authors: Nagalla Balakrishna , Kankipati Radhakrishna , Nair Madhavan Krishnapillai , Fernandez‐Rao Sylvia , Punjal Ravinder , Hurley Kristen , Tilton Nicholas , Harding Kimberly , Reinhart Gregory , Black Maureen 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To examine the impact of preschool based point‐of‐use micronutrient fortification on children’s anemia, micronutrient status and growth.Methods: 320 pre‐schoolers were enrolled from 22 ICDS centres from rural Andhra Pradesh, India into a double masked, randomized 6‐month trial to receive either multiple micronutrient powder (MNP) or placebo powder, mixed into the lunch meal. Baseline and end line measures included hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin, sTfR, CRP, height and weight. Mixed effects models were used for mean comparison of groups and growth analysis adjusted for baseline and clustering effect.Results: Children in MNP showed significant (p<0.001) improvements in mean Hb from 10.9 to 12.1g/dL and ferritin 20.3to 25.1µg/L respectively compared to placebo, 10.9 to 11.21 for Hb and 16.6 to 14.6mg/L for ferritin. Mean sTfR decreased significantly in MNP group (0.98) compared to placebo (0.11). Height increased from 89.6 to 94.4 cm in MNP compared to placebo from 88.5 to 93.5cm.The height increment was significantly higher in MNP ( 5.1 vs 4.7 cm, p<0.05) . Significant difference in height increments (0.6 to 0.9 cm) was observed in MNP children with anemia/ID/IDA compared to placebo.Conclusions: Point‐of‐use fortification with MNP reduced IDA /anemia and showed height improvement amongst preschoolers.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01660958Grant Funding Source: Mathile Institute for the Advancement of Human Nutrition and the Micronutrient Initiative
Consumption of trans fatty acids among teenagers living in an urban area in Japan (624.30)
Authors: Yoshizawa Kazuko , Isshiki Shinobu 
Published: June 2021

Consumption of trans fatty acids (TFA) among teenagers living in an urban area in Japan Kazuko Yoshizawa1 and Shinobu Isshiki2 1University of Nagasaki, Sieold, 2Sugiyama Jogakuen University Background and objective WHO recommends that the average intake level is less than 1% of the total energy intake. It is said that the intake level of TFA is higher among younger generations than that of average adults therefore the younger people are at higher risk than adult people. The objective of this study is to estimate average intake levels of TFA from foods among teenagers living in an urban area. Method In 2011 two kinds of food‐frequency questionnaires (FFQ) were disseminated to 350 female senior high school students living in a city and 154 answered them. The former FFQ with 140 food items was validated while the latter one with 25 food items was not. The 25 foods focused on fast foods including hamburgers and French fries of global and domestic fast food restaurants, and also snacks which are popular among female students. The participants were asked “food intake levels on the average over the past year”. Individual intake of TFA was calculated by use of values obtained from the Japanese Food Composition Table. For those foods not found in the Table were analyzed to obtain their nutrient values at a private research laboratory. Results The average energy intake was 1908 kcal. The average TFA intake level with milk consumption was 0.56g/day while the level without milk was 0.42g/day. A few percent of the participants consumed greater than 1.5g/day. Average energy intake level from TFA among this study population was 0.20% which is lower than 1%. Conclusion The average energy intake from TFA of this population is less than the level which is recommended by WHO: however the level should be underestimated due to the limited number of food items of the Japanese Food Composition Table and the design of FFQ. Acknowledgments Haruko Tashiro, Chiho Takeda, Mao Koike, Miho Inagaki, and Tomoko Iwata of Sugiyama Jogakuen University.Grant Funding Source: Sugiyama Jogakuen University Gakuen Kenkyu‐hi B
Training in clinical research: the bridge between predictive, preventive and personalized medicine (625.3)
Authors: Trovato Guglielmo 
Published: June 2021

Clinical research is not actively promoted in most institutions: academic, hospitals and primary care based organizations seek funding without a realistic knowledge and balance of their available human resources and facilities. Fundraising efforts are the pre‐requisite for any research becoming often a barrier to the development of articulated independent research (from epidemiology to personalized therapy). The promotion of the professional quality is based more on compulsory lifelong learning activity dealing with the most recent guidelines on best practice than on the implementation of innovation through the available information.Lifestyle intervention, sustainable procedures and therapies are still neglected tools that should be developed for enhancing evidence‐based medicine.In the last decade, we developed three yearly postgraduate curricula to promote original thought, to provide basic and operationally useful skills, to teach and to explore the possibilities of setting up networks and existing collaborations. Vocational training integrated and participated within all clinical professionals (medical doctors, nurses, technicians, biologists, dietitians, physiotherapists, others) will facilitate those who wish to plan projects. The interaction and contribution of participants are the core of the training methodology and research is developed as a permanent mode of professional progress. The three lines are: E‐learning and Telemedicine, Clinical Ultrasound and Culture and Strategy of Intervention on Lifestyles and Clinical Nutrition. Each year a total of 70 professionals are enrolled. The outcome is measured on the basis of the number of individual competitive projects submitted by trainees for funding to National or International Institutions. Results achieved are satisfactory:there is a significant increase of the number of the projects successfully submitted, which were proposed by 30% of the participants in 2012.
A nutrition intervention to improve coronary heart disease risk factors in college students (626.12)
Authors: Arts Jennifer , Greene Geoffrey , English Catherine , Lofgren Ingrid 
Published: June 2021

College students’ diets exceed saturated fat recommendations and fail to meet whole grain recommendations. These poor dietary choices increase coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. The objective of HeartStart was to determine if a campus‐based dietary intervention would improve CHD risk. Baseline, post‐intervention and follow‐up measures included anthropometrics, 12‐hour fasting blood lipids and glucose and 24‐hour diet recalls using Nutrition Data System for Research 2012. The 6‐week intervention promoted whole grain and low‐fat dairy consumption via messages and information booths at the dining halls and a subsample received a daily text or email. Ninety‐eight normal weight (BMI=23.3 ± 3.2 kg/m2) subjects 18.2 ± 0.6 y completed baseline testing, 84 subjects completed post‐intervention testing and 65 returned for follow‐up testing. At baseline, the majority were female (78%) and Caucasian (81%). Body weight, BMI, HDL cholesterol and glucose significantly increased over time. At baseline, the subsample (n=26) had whole grain (1.3 ± 1.4 servings/day) and low‐fat dairy (0.5 ± 0.6 servings/day) intakes below recommended amounts. No significant changes in whole grain or low‐fat dairy were observed over time. This demonstrates the need for more intensive interventions in this population to promote dietary changes, maintain weight and decrease CHD risk.Grant Funding Source: RI Agricultural Experiment Station Hatch Multistate Project NC 1193
Evaluating intent‐to‐change among SNAP‐Ed participants (626.14)
Authors: Kaiser Lucia , Ganthavorn Chutima 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of nutrition education on intent‐to‐change (ITC) behavior in low‐income adults. In two regions of Riverside County, public health nutritionists recruited adults to receive Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education (SNAP‐Ed) related to increasing fruit and whole grain consumption, limiting sweetened beverages, or using smart shopping tips. Self‐identified ethnicity/race of the sample was 76% Hispanic, 15% white, 5% black, and 4% other. The participants (n=2472) completed a 2‐item ITC survey after receiving a single educational session. A comparison group (n=784) of low‐income adults, recruited from the same social services lobby but not exposed to the intervention, also completed the survey. Among those who did not engage in the behavior before receiving the nutrition education, 52‐68% reported an intent to eat more fruit; 45‐62%, to eat more whole grains; 68‐75%, to reduce sweetened beverages; and 57‐70%, to shop with a list. Participants were more likely than controls to report ITC behaviors [increase fruit: p<0.0001(one region); increase whole grains: p <.0005 (one region); reduce sweet beverages: p<0.0001 (both regions); shop with a list: p<0.02 (both regions)]. Future research should focus on tailoring education for this population to support the participant’s readiness to change behavior.Grant Funding Source: USDA's SNAP‐Ed program through California Department of Social Services and Riverside County Departm
Site‐specific school wellness committees: a model to support the sustainability of the Shaping Healthy Choices Program (626.15)
Authors: Bergman Jacqueline , Nicholson Yvonne , Spezzano Theresa , Brian Kelley , Linnell Jessica , Briggs Marilyn , Feenstra Gail , Hillhouse Carol , Nguyen Lori , Smith Martin , Ohmart Jeri , Ontai Lenna , Scherr Rachel , Sutter Carolyn , Zidenberg‐Cherr Sheri 
Published: June 2021

The Shaping Healthy Choices Program (SHCP) is a school‐based intervention that integrates 5 components: nutrition education; family and community partnerships; regional agriculture; foods available on school site; and school wellness policies. The current study used a mixed‐methods approach to assess the effectiveness of site‐specific school wellness committees (SSWCs) to sustain SHCP activities, and create a best practices model for sustainability of SHCP components. The SSWCs were formed in the Northern (NC) and Central Valley (CV) California SHCP intervention schools as a way to create a sustainable, community‐driven infrastructure that would support the efforts of the SHCP and additional health and wellness concepts. Community‐based Participatory Research (CBPR) strategies were utilized to develop SSWC objectives. Baseline results from the School and Community Actions for Nutrition (SCAN) Survey served as a platform to launch SSWC objectives. The SSWC objectives identified and implemented by the NC school included a garden sustainability plan, and farm‐to‐home produce boxes. SSWC objectives identified and implemented by the CV school included a community‐driven health fair, a running club, healthier classroom snacks, a garden sustainability plan, and a community‐adapted version of the SCAN. Data collected from SSWC members helped to refine site‐specific goals and implementation plans for the next year.Grant Funding Source: UC ANR 11‐1018
A study on high school students’ awareness of nutrition labeling in Incheon region, Korea (626.2)
Authors: Kim Young A , Kim Eun‐ju 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the status of high school students’ awareness of nutrition labeling, and provide data for nutrition education. 713 high school students (357 boys and 356 girls) were surveyed in Incheon, 1 of 5 major cities in Korea, using a questionnaire and data program, SPSS 18.0 The primary media that students got information of nutrition labeling was TV and internet(50.5%). 71.7% of boys and 83.7% of girls answered that they’ve ever read nutrition labeling(p<.001). For boys, they confirmed nutrition labeling to select healthier food(25.8%), while the girls read that to select low fat or low caloric food(72.1%, p<.001) The primary reason not to confirm nutrition labeling was habitual, unconscious purchase for both of the boys(48.5%) and girls(69.0%). The study found that the small size and complexity, no education, low trust of nutrition labeling were the other reasons. On the nutrition labeling, total calorie, fat, trans fat, were the items have different confirmation rate between boys and girls, while carbohydrate, protein, sugars, saturated fat, sodium were the items have not. 28.6% of students didn’t pass a simple nutrition labeling quiz.Therefore, a proper education program to teach high school students to make them well aware of nutrition labeling and consider nutrients when they choose foods is required.Grant Funding Source: Inha UniversityGrant Funding Source: supported by Inha University
Perceptions, concerns, and influence of growth charts among low‐income mothers (627.3)
Authors: Kim Juhee , Chagarlamudi Hemadhanvi 
Published: June 2021

Perceptions, concerns, and influence of growth charts among low‐income mothers Juhee Kim &amp; Hema Chagarlamudi, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC Growth charts (GC) information is widely used in pediatric clinics and WIC program to monitor infancy growth and development. However, relatively less information is available on the use and importance of GC among mothers and their influence on infant feeding decisions in relation to obesity prevention. The aim of this study was to assess mothers’ perception and concerns about the GC and their impact on breastfeeding rate. Participants were mother‐infant dyads enrolled in an eastern Illinois WIC office (n=106). Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analyses with covariates of age, sex, race, and birth weight were performed. 66.0% of mothers reported that a pediatrician introduced the GC while 51.9% reported that WIC staff introduced the GC. 88.7% of mothers said their provider showed them where their child falls on the GC, but 74.8% reported that they are not concerned about their child’s weight on the GC. 90.9% of mothers reported that their provider clearly explained the GC. 31.7% of mothers reported GC influenced their feeding practices. 29.3% of mothers had early termination of breastfeeding (<3 mo). Among mothers who stopped breastfeeding before 3 mo, 95.0% reported that they clearly understood the GC. 34.0% of mothers who said GC did not influence their feeding practices had early termination of breastfeeding while 21.7% of those influenced by the GC did (OR=1.58 CI=0.45‐5.54). 35.0% of mothers who were concerned with their child’s weight status had early termination of breastfeeding while 27.8% of those who were not concerned did (OR = 1.64 CI=0.49‐5.64). Most health care providers introduced GC but most mothers did not consider GC as important in their feeding practices or concerning. There is no relationship between GC and breastfeeding rate.Grant Funding Source: National Research Foundation of Korea Grant (NRF‐2011‐330‐B00190), INSPIRE University of Illinois)