bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mushrooms on the plate: Trends towards NAFLD treatment, health improvement and sustainable diets
Authors: Fontes Adriana , Ramalho‐Santos João , Zischka Hans , Azul Anabela Marisa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a most important cause of liver disease. Similar to other non‐communicable diseases (NCD), such as obesity and type II diabetes mellitus, NAFLD can strongly affected by diet. Diet‐related NCD and malnutrition are rising in all regions being a major cause of the global health, economic and environmental burdens. Mushrooms, important dietary components since the hunter‐gathering communities, have increasingly gained momentum in biomedical research and therapeutics due to their interplay in metabolism traits. We emphasize here the beneficial effects of mushroom‐enriched diets on the homeostasis of lipid and sugar metabolism, including their modulation, but also interfering with insulin metabolism, gut microbiota, inflammation, oxidative stress and autophagy. In this review, we describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms at the gut‐liver axis and the liver‐white adipose tissue (WAT) axis, that plausibly cause such positive modulation, and discuss the potential of mushroom‐enriched diets to prevent or ameliorate NAFLD and related NCD, also within the shift needed towards healthy sustainable diets.
Serum levels of VCAM‐1 are associated with survival in patients treated with nivolumab for NSCLC
Authors: Carbone Federico , Ministrini Stefano , Bonaventura Aldo , Vecchié Alessandra , Minetti Silvia , Bardi Nicholas , Elia Edoardo , Ansaldo Anna Maria , Ferrara Daniele , Rijavec Erika , Dal Bello Maria Giovanna , Biello Federico , Rossi Giovanni , Tagliamento Marco , Alama Angela , Coco Simona , Spallarossa Paolo , Grossi Francesco , Genova Carlo , Montecucco Fabrizio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundHigh circulating levels of cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have been supposed to act as a negative prognostic factor. Here, we explored the predictive role of pre‐treatment levels of CAMs in previously treated patients receiving nivolumab for NSCLC.Materials and methodsSeventy one patients with advanced NSCLC, treated with nivolumab at the dose of 3 mg/kg every 14 days, were enrolled. Maximum follow‐up time was 3 years. Serum levels of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) and Intracellular Adhesion Molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) were measured at baseline and before each nivolumab administration. Endpoints of the study were a composite outcome of survival ≥2 years or absence of disease progression at the end of the follow‐up, and the overall survival.ResultsComposite outcome and overall survival were positively associated with VCAM‐1 baseline levels and with the reduction of VCAM‐1 during the treatment. After adjustment for potential confounders, the change in VCAM‐1 serum levels during the treatment was an independent predictor of overall survival.ConclusionsHigh baseline serum levels of VCAM‐1 are associated with a longer survival in patients treated with nivolumab as second line treatment for NSCLC. Surviving patients experience also a significant reduction in CAMs expression during the treatment. Hence, CAMs might be promising prognostic factors in patients with NSCLC underoing immunotherapy.
Spectral clustering based on structural magnetic resonance imaging and its relationship with major depressive disorder and cognitive ability
Authors: Yeung Hon Wah , Shen Xueyi , Stolicyn Aleks , de Nooij Laura , Harris Mathew A. , Romaniuk Liana , Buchanan Colin R. , Waiter Gordon D. , Sandu Anca‐Larisa , McNeil Christopher J. , Murray Alison , Steele J. Douglas , Campbell Archie , Porteous David , Lawrie Stephen M. , McIntosh Andrew M. , Cox Simon R. , Smith Keith M. , Whalley Heather C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere is increasing interest in using data‐driven unsupervised methods to identify structural underpinnings of common mental illnesses, including major depressive disorder (MDD) and associated traits such as cognition. However, studies are often limited to severe clinical cases with small sample sizes and most do not include replication. Here, we examine two relatively large samples with structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), measures of lifetime MDD and cognitive variables: Generation Scotland (GS subsample,N = 980) and UK Biobank (UKB,N = 8,900), for discovery and replication, using an exploratory approach. Regional measures of FreeSurfer derived cortical thickness (CT), cortical surface area (CSA), cortical volume (CV) and subcortical volume (subCV) were input into a clustering process, controlling for common covariates. The main analysis steps involved constructing participant K‐nearest neighbour graphs and graph partitioning with Markov stability to determine optimal clustering of participants. Resultant clusters were (1) checked whether they were replicated in an independent cohort and (2) tested for associations with depression status and cognitive measures. Participants separated into two clusters based on structural brain measurements in GS subsample, with large Cohen's d effect sizes between clusters in higher order cortical regions, commonly associated with executive function and decision making. Clustering was replicated in the UKB sample, with high correlations of cluster effect sizes for CT, CSA, CV and subCV between cohorts across regions. The identified clusters were not significantly different with respect to MDD case–control status in either cohort (GS subsample:pFDR = .2239–.6585; UKB:pFDR = .2003–.7690). Significant differences in general cognitive ability were, however, found between the clusters for both datasets, for CSA, CV and subCV (GS subsample:d = 0.2529–.3490,pFDR < .005; UKB:d = 0.0868–0.1070,pFDR < .005). Our results suggest that there are replicable natural groupings of participants based on cortical and subcortical brain measures, which may be related to differences in cognitive performance, but not to the MDD case–control status.
Higher‐quality diet and non‐consumption of meat are associated with less self‐determined disability progression in people with multiple sclerosis: A longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Simpson‐Yap Steve , Nag Nupur , Probst Yasmine , Jelinek George , Neate Sandra 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeModifiable lifestyle factors, including diet, may affect clinical outcomes in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study assessed the relationships between diet, and disability, fatigue, and depression risk in people with MS.MethodsParticipants from the Health Outcomes and Lifestyle In a Sample of people with Multiple sclerosis (HOLISM) international cohort were assessed over 2.5 years. Dietary data were obtained using a modified Diet Habits Questionnaire (DHQ), disability using the calculated Patient‐determined MS Severity Score (P‐MSSS), fatigue using the Fatigue Severity Scale, and depression risk using the Patient Health Questionnaire‐2. Participants reported whether they were experiencing symptoms due to a recent relapse. Cross‐sectional and prospective relationships of diet and disease outcomes were explored, adjusted for relevant confounders.ResultsAmong 1,346 participants, higher DHQ scores showed significant dose‐dependent associations with lower frequencies of severe disability, fatigue, and depression risk, cross‐sectionally. Prospectively, higher baseline DHQ scores were associated with a lower risk of increasing disability, those above the median having 41% and 36% lower risk of increasing disability, and 0.30 P‐MSSS points less disability progression, but were not associated with fatigue or depression risk. Meat consumption was associated with 0.22 P‐MSSS points higher disability cross‐sectionally, while prospectively, baseline meat consumption was associated with 76% higher risk of increasing disability and 0.18 P‐MSSS points higher disability progression. Dairy consumption showed mixed associations cross‐sectionally and prospectively.ConclusionsThese results show that better quality of diet, as well as not consuming meat, were associated with reduced disability progression in people with MS. Substantiation of these findings in other settings may inform opportunities to manage disability progression in people with MS using dietary modifications.
Application of big data information system in early diagnosis, treatment, and nursing of cervical cancer infected by human papillomavirus
Authors: Chen Guo , Zhang Wenjian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn order to study the application value of big data information monitoring system in early diagnosis, treatment, and nursing of human papillomavirus (HPV) infected cervical cancer, firstly, the traditional ID3‐based decision tree model was optimized through the minimum sample number of different leaf nodes. According to the optimization model, the diagnosis model of HPV‐infected cervical cancer was constructed and applied to the monitoring system of big data of cervical cancer. Diagnosis model and information monitoring system (DMIMS) was compared with Decision tree based on decision support degree (DTBDS). Then, 876 HPV‐infected cervical cancer patients diagnosed in our hospital from January 30, 2018 to January 30, 2019 were defined as the experimental group, and 670 HPV‐infected cervical cancer patients diagnosed in our hospital from January 30, 2017 to January 30, 2018 were defined as the control group. Only the experimental group used cervical cancer data and information diagnosis system. Finally, the biopsy rate after examination, the coincidence rate with pathology diagnosis, the detection rate of precancerous lesion of HPV infection, and the detection rate of HPV infection of cervical cancer were compared between the two groups. The results showed that the classification accuracy of DMIMS (95%) was higher than that of DTBDS (67%) (p < 0.05). The biopsy rate of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p < 0.05); the coincidence rate between biopsy and pathological diagnosis, detection rate of HPV precancerous lesion, and detection rate of HPV infected cervical cancer were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (p < 0.05), which showed that the big data monitoring system of cervical cancer played an important role in the detection of HPV infection cervical cancer, which can make the patients with precancerous lesions and early cervical cancer get timely diagnosis, treatment, and nursing.
The spatial footprint and patchiness of large‐scale disturbances on coral reefs
Authors: Dietzel Andreas , Connolly Sean R. , Hughes Terry P. , Bode Michael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEcosystems have always been shaped by disturbances, but many of these events are becoming larger, more severe and more frequent. The recovery capacity of depleted populations depends on the frequency of disturbances, the spatial distribution of mortality and the scale of dispersal. Here, we show that four mass coral bleaching events on the Great Barrier Reef (in 1998, 2002, 2016 and 2017) each had markedly larger disturbance footprints and were less patchy than a severe category 5 tropical cyclone (Cyclone Yasi, 2011). Severely bleached reefs in 2016 and 2017 were isolated from the nearest lightly affected reefs by up to 146 and 200 km, respectively. In contrast, reefs damaged by Cyclone Yasi were on average 20 km away from relatively undisturbed reefs, well within the estimated range of larval dispersal for most corals. Based on these results, we present a model of coral reef disturbance and recovery to examine (1) how the spatial clustering of disturbances modifies large‐scale recovery rates; and (2) how recovery rates are shaped by species' dispersal abilities. Our findings illustrate that the spatial footprint of the recent mass bleaching events poses an unprecedented threat to the resilience of coral species in human history, a threat that is even larger than the amount of mortality suggests.
Synergistic effects of warming and eutrophication alert zooplankton predator–prey interactions along the benthic–pelagic interface
Authors: Zhang Huan , Zhang Peiyu , Wang Huan , García Molinos Jorge , Hansson Lars‐Anders , He Liang , Zhang Min , Xu Jun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractContemporary evidence suggests that climate change and other co‐occurring large‐scale environmental changes, such as eutrophication, will have a considerable impact on aquatic communities. However, the interactions of these environmental changes on trophic interactions among zooplankton remain largely unknown. Here we present results of a mesocosm experiment examining how a couple of zooplankton predator and prey taxa with different life‐history strategies respond to the combined effect of an increase in temperature (4.5°C) and in eutrophication (phosphorus addition), during the crucial recruiting and growing season. We show that the addition of phosphorus alone significantly weakened the top‐down effects by the cyclopoid copepod predators on their rotifer prey. In contrast, warming strengthened the top‐down effects from the predator, leading to a reduction in the abundance of the rotifer prey. These effects of warming were enhanced by phosphorus addition. Together, our results demonstrate that warming made plankton prey organisms more susceptible to top‐down effects from predators, but reduced their sensitivity to nutrient enrichment. In terms of the phenological effects, warming advanced the termination of diapause for both rotifers and cyclopoid copepods by about 2 weeks, but these temporal shifts, akin for both groups, resulted in no apparent trophic mismatch. Hence, from a future perspective, cyclopoid copepods are likely to benefit more from the combination of nutrient enrichment and climate warming to the detriment of their rotifer prey.
Whither corporate financialization? A literature review
Authors: Klinge Tobias J. , Fernandez Rodrigo , Aalbers Manuel B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we review the burgeoning literature on the study of corporate financialization, distinguishing three strands of empirical, quantitative studies: (1) national‐level and macro‐comparative analysis, (2) sector‐ and firm‐level analysis, and (3) econometric studies. We argue that corporations should be studied in their spatial organization. The spatial organization of the firm can be used to obscure corporate activity. Geography is not simply one of the many features of corporate structure but is key to it and therefore fundamental to shaping corporate financialization, although this is insufficiently expressed in accounting principles that provide consolidated accounts. Finally, we suggest four avenues for future studies: (1) to expand the geographical and temporal scope of research; (2) to pay close attention to how indicators are constructed; (3) to deconstruct large categories of analysis, such as ‘financial assets’; (4) to systematically include liabilities in the analysis of non‐financial corporations, especially in the face of the abundance of credit.
Associations between genetic loci related to lean mass and body composition in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Minohara Tatsuro , Noso Shinsuke , Babaya Naru , Hiromine Yoshihisa , Taketomo Yasunori , Niwano Fumimaru , Makutani Yukako , Yoshida Sawa , Yasutake Sara , Imamura Shuzo , Ikegami Hiroshi 
Published: August 2021

AimSeveral genetic loci related to lean mass have been identified in healthy individuals by genome‐wide association studies; however, the contribution of these loci to body composition in type 2 diabetes remains to be investigated. Here, we aimed to clarify the genetic determinants of body composition in individuals with type 2 diabetes.MethodsA total of 176 Japanese outpatients (70 women and 106 men) with type 2 diabetes were studied using a cross‐sectional design. Body composition was measured using bioimpedance analysis with a commercially available device (InBody770). Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in IRS1 (rs2943656), HSD17B11 (rs9991501), VCAN (rs2287926), ADAMTSL3 (rs4842924) and FTO (rs9936385) were evaluated by genotyping. The contributions of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms to body composition were examined, considering known clinical determinants.ResultsSex, body composition and age were identified as clinical predictors. IRS1 rs2934656 was identified as an independent predictor of skeletal muscle mass (β = 0.11, P = 0.026), and ADAMTSL3 rs4842924 was an independent predictor of body fat mass (β = 0.15, P = 0.0095) and appendicular lean mass (β = −0.13, P = 0.017).ConclusionsThe findings clarified the contribution of genetic factors – IRS1 and ADAMTSL3 – to interindividual variation in body composition, independent of clinical factors, in type 2 diabetes patients. These data will contribute to the establishment of effective methods for the prediction, prevention, and intervention of sarcopenia and frailty in diabetes patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 932–938.
Comparison of the effects of different instrumentation techniques on root surface roughness and cement loss using micro‐computerized tomography: An in‐vitro study
Authors: Karacaoglu Fatma , Orhan Kaan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of three different instruments on the cement loss and roughness of the root surface following scaling and root planning (SRP) using micro‐computerized tomography (micro‐CT).MethodsIn this experimental study, 60 single‐rooted extracted human teeth were used and divided into three groups. All teeth were scanned with micro‐CT before and after SRP. Group 1: SRP was performed by Gracey‐curette, Group 2: SRP was performed by using an ultrasonic device and Group 3: SRP was performed by using a piezo ultrasonic device. Cement loss and porosity of the root surface were analysed by micro‐computerized tomography, which is a current imaging technique that provides high‐quality images and allows for qualitative and quantitative analysis of samples.ResultsResults of our study revealed that initial porosity values were 1.60%, 1.25%, 1.59% for the group 1, 2, 3, and 0.93%, 0.86 and 0.80 after SRP respectively. Although Group 3 had the least surface roughness, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Cement loss following SRP was 47.15 μmin the piezo ultrasonic device group, 59.44 µm in the ultrasonic device, and 134.163 µm in the Gracey‐curette group respectively. The highest cement loss was seen in the Gracey‐curette group, and there was a significant difference between the three groups.ConclusionsIn conclusion, it was observed that surface roughness decreased and similar surface roughness was obtained with all three methods, but more cementum loss was observed with Gracey‐curette. Therefore, ultrasonic devices appear to be a viable alternative to manual instrumentation with curettes.
Peer influence on teenagers’ preference for brand name food products: The mediation effect of peer identity
Authors: Zhang Hongli , Li Ruiqin , Veeck Ann , Yu Hongyan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study tests the relationships among collective activities, peer identity, and preference for brand name products for Chinese teenagers. The findings are based on a survey of 917 urban Chinese teenagers, divided among 8th, 10th, and 12th graders and among three different tiers of schools (top, lower, suburban). A moderated mediation model is tested. The results show that eating with peers is related to preference for brand name food products, with the relationship mediated by peer identity. The non‐only child or only child status of teenagers has no significant influence on the relationships. However, school socioeconomic status is found to moderate the relationships. These results reinforce the need to strongly consider the role of social identity for understanding the development of long‐term consumption habits.
Effects of endotracheal tube fixation methods on haemodynamic parameters during endotracheal suction: A single‐blind non‐randomized clinical trial study
Authors: Çam Yanık Tuğba , Altun Uğraş Gülay 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to determine the effect of the methods used in endotracheal tube fixation on haemodynamic parameters (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen saturation) during endotracheal suction.MethodsThe sample of this prospective, parallel two‐armed, single‐blind non‐randomized clinical trial study included 86 intubated patients treated in the cardiovascular surgery intensive care unit between September 2016 and December 2017. The endotracheal tube was fixed with tube holders in the intervention group (n = 43), whereas the endotracheal tube was fixed with plasters in the control group (n = 43). The patients' haemodynamic parameters were measured before, during, at the end of suction, and 5 and 15 min after suction.ResultsIn comparison with the patients with plasters, patients with tube holders had significantly lower systolic blood pressure 15 min after endotracheal suction and significantly lower diastolic blood pressure during and at the end of endotracheal suction. Oxygen saturation of the patients with tube holder during, at the end, and following 5 min after endotracheal suction were higher than patients with plaster. Heart rate was not affected during endotracheal suction in both groups.ConclusionThe study showed the tube holder affected the haemodynamic parameters during endotracheal suction less than the plaster.
A first‐hand experience of co‐design in mental health service design: Opportunities, challenges, and lessons
Authors: Tindall Rachel Marie , Ferris Melissa , Townsend Meredith , Boschert Gayle , Moylan Steven 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn an era of mental health service reform, co‐design is emerging as a leading framework to guide the design and implementation of new services. Co‐design uses the expertise of clinicians, those with lived experiences of services (both consumers and carers) and provocateurs (curious questioners) to understand a ‘problem’ and develop innovative strategies to address it. It relies on the creation of a safe environment where power imbalances are acknowledged and mitigated, and decisions are made collaboratively. Understanding how to do this effectively within the mental health sphere, where experiences of uneven power distribution and trauma are common, can feel overwhelming. Building a shared understanding of the opportunities and limitations within co‐design is also important to establish its place within broader mental health reform. This paper uses an experiential approach to reflect on a co‐design process, offering an opportunity to learn from a specific example. Factors that enhanced co‐design included formal, remunerated roles, the allocation of time to establish and maintain an intimate, trusting team culture, and the capacity for all team members to be vulnerable. Equally important, strategies needed to be employed to mitigate the challenges inherent within the process, including the impact of power differences, a push to make fast‐paced decisions, and a sense of cynicism remaining from previous projects or experiences. When these factors are attended to, the process of co‐design can be dynamic, innovative, and transformational for the people participating in it, the project and the mental health sector.