bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Enhanced Retinal vessel segmentation using Deep Convolution Neural Network
Authors: Nayagam R. Deiva , Rahini A. Anitha , Fathima A. Farzana , Gomathi K. Lakshmi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Accurate vessel segmentation in retinal images plays a vital role for retinopathy diagnosis and analysis. The presence of very thin vessels in low image contrast, on the other hand makes the segmentation task difficult. In the proposed method retinal vessels are segmented using multiscale Fully Convolved Convolutional Neural Network (FCCNN) architecture. The proposed architecture is trained for pixel classification to cope with the varying width and direction of the vessel structure in the retina. Green channel extraction gives better contrast difference between vessels and background. The skeletonization process is done which prevents the change in structure, thus the vasculature remains unchanged. In addition, an improved class balanced cross entropy loss function is included to avoid misclassification and imbalance problem. The proposed method is verified on public retinal vessel segmentation database (DRIVE). The accuracy of DRIVE FCCNN after 90 epochs was attained as 92.73% and the loss was attained as 0.0632. The experimental results show that segmentation results and accuracy obtained for FCNN are greater compared to the other architecture.
Marbles and smartphone on physics laboratory: an investigation for finding coefficient of restitution
Authors: Dahnuss D , Marwoto P , Iswari R S , Listiaji P 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Experimenting is a basic skill that science students must have. Experimental activities are generally carried out in the laboratory. But by using a smartphone, many experiments can be done outside the laboratory. This research is an example of an experiment using a smartphone that can be carried out outside the laboratory. This study aims to measure the coefficient of marbles restitution through a simple experiment assisted by a smartphone. Marbles are dropped from a certain height, the Phyphox application on a smartphone will record experimental data through a sound sensor. Experimental data recorded through a smartphone is used to analyze the coefficient of restitution and mechanical energy of marble during a collision with the floor. The experimental results show that smartphones can be used to determine the coefficient of restitution and mechanical energy as an experimental tool. We hope that this experiment will be an alternative method for lecturers or physics teachers to demonstrate bouncing objects to determine the coefficient of restitution and mechanical energy loss.
Re-use of waste components of accumulators (accu) as x-ray radiation protection
Authors: Susilo  , Nugrahaningsih W H , Prasetya L , Ni’mah L , Setiawan R , Mosik  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Radiation protection is the means for protecting radiation workers and the general public from the harmful effects of radioactive substances and/or other radiation sources. The principle of radiation protection is to reduce the radiation intensity, one of which can be done by using a radiation absorbing materials. Lead is a material that effectively absorbs radiation due to its high atomic number and density. A research has been conducted by using lead components of waste accumulators dopped with yukalac C108B. Samples were made with variations in lead concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% and with variations in thickness of 0.5 cm; 1 cm; 1.5 cm; 2 cm; 2.5 cm, 3 cm. Tests were carried out by exposing samples to X-ray and measure its absorbtion dose rate using a surveymeter. The increase in lead concentration and thickness causes an increase in the X-ray absorption dose rate. In addition, it also shows an increase in logarithm of light intensity that enters the film against the intensity of light transmitted through the film as the alternative to optical density, and a decrease in X-Ray Transmittance which is the X-ray-to-sample transmission value. The results obtained show, the attenuation coefficient value with variation in lead concentration and average thickness were 0.11328048 cm-1; 0.15691327 cm-1; 0.1831095 cm -1; and 0.21584088 cm -1. The lead components from waste accumulators can be used as an alternative for the manufacture of radiation absorbing materials with consideration of its ability to absorbs radiation.
Implementation optical fiber sensor using macro bending method for flood sensor
Authors: Koesuma S , Setyawan W , Yunianto M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
An experimental study has been conducted to analyze the losses due to the fiber optic macro bending to be applied to the flood sensor. Optical fiber macro bending occurs when an optical fiber is bent with a radius wider than the radius of the optical fiber. Data retrieval is gathered by measuring the change in the value of the light intensity due to the presence of symptoms bend (macro bending) on optical fibers that cause the symptoms of losses optical fiber application that read in Arduino IDE. Optical fibers used are plastic optical fiber diameter of 0,3 mm and light sources are red LED (610 < λ < 760 nm). The silicone rubber used is 3.2 cm in diameter with 5 turns. Results of the research showed that the greater the bending is given, the greater the value of losses in optical fiber will be, the trend graphs show the value of the sensitivity of the sensor for R2 = 0,8765, so the inferred design sensor devices made have the potential to be applied as flood sensors.
WKB approximation for analyzing quantum tunneling effect through negative Kratzer potential
Authors: Lalus Herry F. , Yudhawardana H , Aryani N P 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Kratzer potential is a potential for bound states in molecular bonds, while negative Kratzer potential is a potential for scattering states which has a barrier form, and which clearly has properties opposite to the bound state potential. This type of potential is the main subject of this paper. When a non-relativistic particle which has lower energy moving towards the potential, then there is a probability for the particle to break through the potential. In this paper, we use the WKB (Wenztel-Kramers-Brillouin) method to analyze the physical conditions that must be met by the system in order for the tunneling processes to occur. We present these conditions in the form of the relationship among several quantum variables such as the mass of the particle, the energy of the particle, the maximum height of the barrier potential, equilibrium internuclear separation, and the enactment domain of the potential field effect on the particle when the particle breaks through that potential.
The development of a simple solar energy heater as a stem based instructional material for high school students
Authors: Kurniawati H , Triyanta  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This preliminary research aims to design instructional material for high school students. The research method used in this development is ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The developed Instructional Material refers to the NGSS (Next Generation Science Standards)’s first dimension. Our design and development stage includes five parts, namely designing and building the equipment, applying the equipment to measure some physical quantities, data analysis, the effectiveness of teaching and learning, and developing lesson plan for teaching and learning. The result of the development is a comprehensive Simple Solar Energy STEM project lesson plan. This project could discuss various integrated topics, processes, or phenomena such as fusion process in a star, greenhouse effects, electromagnetic waves, alternative energy, thermal physics, and lenses which can be depicted in a concept map. The core competencies, time allocation, assessment, and concept map are incorporated into the lesson plan as part of the instructional material. The designed STEM heater project has discrepancies of 16% and 6.8% compared to advanced tools. These discrepancies are tolerable for educational purposes. The STEM Project is also applicable in every school as it is simple and the material is easy to find.
Comparative study of Fe2+/H2O2/CuO/Vis and Fe2+/H2O2/CuO for phenol removal in batik wastewater under visible light irradiation
Authors: Firdharini C , Setyaningtyas T , Riyani K 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Phenols contained in batik wastewater are harmful organic compounds. These compounds must go through proper treatment before being discharged into the environment. Therefore, phenol needs to be degraded before discharged into the environment. Fenton reagent which is made of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Fe2+ ion can form hydroxyl radicals (•OH). This radical can degrade a compound through an oxidation process. CuO is a semiconductor photocatalyst with a narrow bandgap that can be activated under visible light irradiation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of visible light on the decomposition process of phenol in batik wastewater. The research was conducted by varying the concentration of H2O2, FeSO4 and CuO weight, and pH of the solution. The result showed that visible light can accelerate and increase the formation of hydroxyl radicals so the phenol compound was optimally degraded. The decrease of phenol content in batik wastewater using Fe2+/H2O2/CuO/Vis with the addition of H2O2 100 ppm, FeSO4 1.0 g, CuO 1.0 g, a pH of 3, and irradiated with visible light for 5 hours resulted in the decrease of phenol content was 86.77%.
Synthesis of Ni/NiO-TiO2 using sol-gel method and its activity in blue methylene degradation
Authors: Priatmoko S , Widhihastuti E , Widiarti N , Subagja D 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The synthesis of Ni-TiO2 and NiO-TiO2 with titanium isopropoxide and (Ni(NO3)2·6H2O precursors using the sol gel method has been done. The calcination process was carried out by varying the order of the oxidation-reduction process and the temperature of calcination. The oxidation-reduction process produced Ni-TiO2 material. XRD analysis (X-Ray Diffraction Spectrophotometer) showed the smallest size of Ni-TiO2 particles was 7.44 nm and NiO-TiO2 was 8.53 nm. The addition of dopants caused the TiO2 band gap to become smaller. The smallest band gap due to Ni dopant was 2.68 eV while the smallest band gap due to the addition of NiO dopants was 2.81eV. SEM-EDX (Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray) results showed that the TiO2 surface which was doped with Ni and NiO had small and smooth surface compared to TiO2 without dopant. The synthesized material was then used for the photocatalytic activity test, that was the degradation of methylene blue. The highest degradation of methylene blue was in TiO2 doped with Ni was 76.93%, while in TiO2 doped with NiO was 80.63%.
Integrated vocational context in chemical teaching materials for vocational school
Authors: Haryani S , Dewi S H , Wardani S , Supardi K I 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Chemistry learning in vocational schools is included in the field of specialization, but the context of chemistry learning is in vocational schools has not been linked to the vocational field. Therefore it is necessary to research to compile chemical teaching materials vocational schools that integrate the vocational context. In addition to teaching materials related to the vocational context, this study also aims to integrate character education and religious aspects (chemireligiousa). This teaching material development model adopts the 4D model by Borg & Gall. The preparation of teaching materials is based on a literature study and rational considerations to find the characteristics of learning planning in the form of teaching materials and worksheet, as well as an assessment to measure HOTS. The validation of teaching materials in terms of aspects of chemical content material, vocational context material, as well as the suitability of the chemical content with the vocational context. The results obtained by validated acid-base teaching materials are related to aspects of the vocational context and religious aspects. The results of this study have been able to develop teaching materials so that they fit the vocational context. It is necessary to do an in-depth basic competence (BC) analysis of Chemical in general and vocational so that it can be applied to contextual vocational chemical.
The analysis of students’ practicum skills achievement in acid-base material
Authors: Nuswowati M , Susilaningsih E , Cola N , Purwanti E 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This research aims to analyze the achievement of students’ practical skills in learning chemistry on acid-base material. The subjects in this research were students of grade 11 senior high school. The research method used was an experimental design. The process of data collection was used the practical skills observation sheet. The sample was determined using cluster random sampling technique, namely XI MIPA 4 as the experimental class and XI MIPA 1 as the control class. The data analysis results showed that the average percentage of achievement of practical skills in the experimental class was 84.89%, while for the control class was 78.76%. Assessment of the achievement of students’ practicum skills includes 16 aspects that fall into three dimensions, namely preparation of practicum, implementation of practicum, and final implementation after practicum. Based on these data, it was concluded that students’ practical skills grade 11 senioh high school on acid-base material were classified as good criteria.
Development of automatic spam detection application based on modular programming
Authors: Subhan S , Arifudin R , Efrilianda D A , Prasetiyo B 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article discusses developing an application for automatic spam detection based on modular programming. In general website development, certain development features cannot be used on other similar websites. We use modular programming to solve this problem. The problem is how to develop an automatic spam detection application based on modular programming. We used the software prototyping method for application development. The results of this study are obtained an automatic spam detection website application based on modular programming.
A review of using data mining and machine learning for predicting drug loading modeling in solid lipid nanoparticles containing curcumin
Authors: Widyati R , Ashari A , Afiahayati  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive review of the use of data mining and machine learning to develop predictive models for drug loading in nanoparticles. Solid lipid nanoparticle technology is a promising new approach to lipophile drug delivery. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are an important advance in this area. The bio-acceptable and biodegradable properties of SLN make it less toxic than polymer nanoparticles. This review article contains a series that applies computer-oriented processes and tools to extract information, analyze data and finally extract the correlation and meaning of the results obtained regarding solid lipid nanoparticles especially those containing curcumin. The purpose of this review is to describe the development of several research results that have been published over a period that is useful for new insights on drug loading modeling.
A comparative forecasting model of COVID-19 case in Indonesia
Authors: Septiarini T W , Taufik M R , Prasetya T A E 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 had been a disaster in Indonesia. Moreover, it is needed a study to analyze the trend of this case. The objectives of this study were (1) to propose the model for predicting COVID-19 using exponential smoothing, autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), neural network, and fuzzy time series and (2) to compare the performance for each model by using RMSE as evaluation tool. In this study, the splitting data is implemented by 3:1 ratio on train and test data set. The results show that the neural network has the smallest error, 772.46 for RMSE. It means that neural network perform better than other forecasting model. Once, the characteristic data had big impact to building forecasting model whether in classical or modern model.
Development of higher mathematical thinking of senior high school students through training of open-ended problems assisted by the teacher’s scaffolding
Authors: Pujiastuti E , Mulyono  , Mashuri  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article is based on applied research that has started with preliminary research in 2019. The objectives: Obtain the results of the analysis of Open-ended Problems assisted by the teacher’s scaffolding, which can be used to develop Higher Mathematical Thinking for Senior High School students. The methods, qualitative approaches. The research subjects took 6 students of SMAN 1 Ungaran, two students from the clever, medium, and lack groups. Data analysis includes data reduction, data presentation, data interpretation, and concluding. Data obtained from test results, intensive interviews, and triangulation. The results: (1) Senior High school teachers found identification of scaffolding level to develop of Higher mathematical thinking, (2) through the practice of open-ended Problems with the help of scaffolding by the teacher, it was successfully used as a means of developing Higher Mathematical Thinking for Senior High School students. The conclusions: (1) The practice of Open-ended Problems assisted by the teacher’s scaffolding succeeded in developing Higher Mathematical Thinking for senior high school students. (2) Teachers need to be at a scaffolding level to develop Higher Mathematical Thinking, depending on intelligence level. The more intelligent, the less its guidance.
A hierarchical component model of students’ difficulties of learning mathematics in a distance higher education
Authors: Sugilar  , Rajati T , Achmad  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The main purpose of the research was to explore the students’ difficulties in learning mathematics at a distance higher education. The method used was a survey of 304 students of the study program of S-1 PGSD in the Pontianak Regional office center of Universitas Terbuka (UPBJJ-UT Pontianak). The data analysis used a partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) to reveal the hierarchical component model of the students’ difficulties in learning mathematics at Universitas Terbuka. The research confirmed that the difficulties in learning mathematics were reflected by five latent variables as indicated by path coefficients and level of significance: (1) the nature of mathematics, (2) the characteristics of distance learning, (3) learning material, (4) learning support services, and (5) motivation. The recommendation was that to facilitate the students’ learning mathematics, an institution of distance higher education should be focused on resolving the difficulties perceived by the students, such as students’ mathematical background, self-directed learning skills, and skill for learning through media.
Students’ learning difficulties in integral calculus based on critical thinking skills
Authors: Susilo B E , Darhim D , Prabawanto S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to describe students’ learning difficulties in integral calculus based on critical thinking skills. This study used descriptive exploratory methods with instruments: test, interview, documentation, and observation. Data was taken from 20 undergraduate students from the study program of mathematics education at Universitas Negeri Semarang. The results showed that: (1) there were 24 types of student difficulties identified in calculus lectures; these difficulties consist of 20 types of difficulties related to calculus material (types of difficulties number 1 to 20) and four types of difficulties that were not related to material (types of difficulties number 21 to 24), and (2) these types of difficulties were graded according to the level of student critical thinking skills. A higher level of critical thinking skills had fewer types of difficulties; on the other hand, a lower level of critical thinking skills had more types of difficulties and more fundamental. The fundamental types of difficulties based on the critical thinking skills aspect include understanding integral concepts and drawing graphics.
Augmented reality student worksheets for learning mathematics during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sholikhah B U , Cahyono A N 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the world of education there are new technologies, one of which is augmented reality. Digital component with real object can be combined, displayed interactively and real time, and it can be applied in space geometry learning. This research directs to design an augmented reality student worksheet for learning mathematics during the pandemic concerning space geometry. This research used a design research method namely the implementation and design stages. The design stage is focused in this research. Based on preliminary study at school, mathematics learning using learning media often assisted by learning management system. This application was designed by showing the user interface to make it easier, the 3D model is designed according to scientific learning for helping student to demonstrate mathematically the real problem featured. The design of problem based learning is creating some problems to encourage students to formulate a hypothesis through small group discussions to get solutions from the given problem, this model is assisted learning management system. Based on the result of the product feasibility test, augmented reality student worksheet is suitable to the use in problem based learning in school.
Mathematical concepts using Kain Cepuk Nusa Penida
Authors: Dwijayani N M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This research aims to investigate mathematical concepts using Kain Cepuk. The design of this research is exploration. This research involved grade VI students and class teachers at SDN 4 Dauh Puri. The data used in this study were collected by means of interviews, observations and questionnaires. Data about mathematical concepts on Kain Cepuk were analyzed descriptively. Students have been asked how to make repeating red, blue and white motifs like the one on the Kain Cepuk. Based on student’s responses, it can be said that the red Kain Cepuk motif has shifted three to the right by passing through the blue and white colors. Regarding the concept of reflection, students responded that there are several ways to make red, blue and white kite motifs on Kain Cepuk. The first way is to fold the Cepuk fabric upwards so that a horizontal line of symmetry is formed. The second way is to fold the Cepuk fabric to the right or left so that a vertical line of symmetry is formed. Learning using Kain Cepuk can provide benefits for students including 1) students discovering the concept of shifting and reflection by themselves, 2) reducing students’ perceptions that mathematics is only an abstract formula, and 3) fostering student confidence that mathematics is close to their lives.