bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A derivative‐free scaling memoryless Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno method for solving a system of monotone nonlinear equations
Authors: Ullah Najib , Sabi'u Jamilu , Shah Abdullah 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the two‐parameter scaling memoryless Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) method for solving a system of monotone nonlinear equations. The optimal values of the scaling parameters are obtained by minimizing the measure function involving all the eigenvalues of the memoryless BFGS matrix. The optimal values can be used in the analysis of the quasi‐Newton method for ill‐conditioned matrices. This algorithm can also be described as a combination of the projection technique and memoryless BGFS method. Global convergence of the method is provided. For validation and efficiency of the scheme, some test problems are computed and compared with existing results.
Robust geometry and topology optimization of plane frames using order statistics and force density method with global stability constraint
Authors: Shen Wei , Ohsaki Makoto , Yamakawa Makoto 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a worst case approach for robust geometry and topology optimization of plane frames with global stability constraint. Uncertainty is assumed to exist in the nodal locations and cross‐sectional areas, and the worst values of the objective and stability constraint functions are relaxed to the quantile structural responses represented by the order statistics with given robustness and confidence levels. In order to alleviate the difficulty caused by melting nodes to some extent, the force density method is applied to an auxiliary truss model for geometry optimization of the frame, and the closely spaced nodes are merged. A method is presented for generating correlated imperfections for the nodal locations along each member, and a penalization approach is proposed for geometrical stiffness matrix to exclude superficial local buckling. It is demonstrated in the numerical examples that the result of robust optimization obtained by the proposed method is less sensitive to the uncertainty, and the stability constraint is also satisfied under uncertainty with the specified robustness and confidence levels.
A rapid evidence assessment of recent therapeutic touch research
Authors: Garrett Bernie , Riou Marliss 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo synthesize the most recent evidence investigating the effectiveness and safety of therapeutic touch as a complementary therapy in clinical health applications.DesignA rapid evidence assessment (REA) approach was used to review recent TT research adopting PRISMA 2009 guidelines.MethodsCINAHL, PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane databases, Web of Science, PsychINFO and Google Scholar were screened between January 2009–March 2020 for studies exploring TT therapies as an intervention. The main outcome measures were for pain, anxiety, sleep, nausea and functional improvement.ResultsTwenty‐one studies covering a range of clinical issues were identified, including 15 randomized‐controlled trials, four quasi‐experimental studies, one chart review study and one mixed methods study including 1,302 patients. Eighteen of the studies reported positive outcomes. Only four exhibited a low risk of bias. All others had serious methodological flaws, bias issues, were statistically underpowered and scored as low‐quality studies. No high‐quality evidence was found for any of the benefits claimed.
Obesity, Ethnicity, and Risk of Critical Care, Mechanical Ventilation, and Mortality in Patients Admitted to Hospital with COVID‐19: Analysis of the ISARIC CCP‐UK Cohort
Authors: Yates Thomas , Zaccardi Francesco , Islam Nazrul , Razieh Cameron , Gillies Clare L. , Lawson Claire A. , Chudasama Yogini , Rowlands Alex , Davies Melanie J. , Docherty Annemarie B. , Openshaw Peter J. M. , Baillie J. Kenneth , Semple Malcolm G. ,   ISARIC4C investigators, Khunti Kamlesh 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the association of obesity with in‐hospital coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outcomes in different ethnic groups.MethodsPatients admitted to hospital with COVID‐19 in the United Kingdom through the Clinical Characterisation Protocol UK (CCP‐UK) developed by the International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infections Consortium (ISARIC) were included from February 6 to October 12, 2020. Ethnicity was classified as White, South Asian, Black, and other minority ethnic groups. Outcomes were admission to critical care, mechanical ventilation, and in‐hospital mortality, adjusted for age, sex, and chronic diseases.ResultsOf the participants included, 54,254 (age = 76 years; 45.0% women) were White, 3,728 (57 years; 41.1% women) were South Asian, 2,523 (58 years; 44.9% women) were Black, and 5,427 (61 years; 40.8% women) were other ethnicities. Obesity was associated with all outcomes in all ethnic groups, with associations strongest for black ethnicities. When stratified by ethnicity and obesity status, the odds ratios for admission to critical care, mechanical ventilation, and mortality in black ethnicities with obesity were 3.91 (3.13‐4.88), 5.03 (3.94‐6.63), and 1.93 (1.49‐2.51), respectively, compared with White ethnicities without obesity.ConclusionsObesity was associated with an elevated risk of in‐hospital COVID‐19 outcomes in all ethnic groups, with associations strongest in Black ethnicities.
Implementation of near‐universal hydroxyurea uptake among children with sickle cell anemia: A single‐center experience
Authors: Karkoska Kristine , Todd Kevin , Niss Omar , Clapp Kelly , Fenchel Lynette , Kalfa Theodosia A. , Malik Punam , Quinn Charles T. , Ware Russell E. , McGann Patrick T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundWithout early initiation of disease‐modifying therapy, the acute and chronic complications of sickle cell anemia (SCA) begin early in childhood and progress throughout life. Hydroxyurea is a safe and effective medication that reduces or prevents most SCA‐related complications. Despite recommendations to prescribe hydroxyurea for all children with SCA as young as 9 months, utilization remains low.ProcedureWe completed a retrospective review of hydroxyurea‐prescribing practices and associated clinical outcomes at our institution over a 10‐year period before and after the 2014 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) recommendations to use hydroxyurea for all children with SCA.ResultsHydroxyurea use more than doubled within our pediatric SCA population from 43% in 2010 to 95% in 2019. The age of hydroxyurea initiation was significantly younger during 2014–2019 compared to 2010–2013 (median 2 years vs. 6 years, p ≤ .001). With this change in clinical practice, nearly all (69/71 = 97%) children born after 2013 received disease‐modifying therapy by the end of 2019, primarily hydroxyurea (93%). Concurrently, the number of SCA‐related admissions significantly decreased from 67/100 patient‐years in 2010 to 39/100 patient‐years in 2019 (p < .001).ConclusionThe early and universal prescription of hydroxyurea for children with SCA is the standard of care. Here, we demonstrate that a careful and deliberate commitment to follow this guideline in clinical practice is feasible and results in measurable improvements in clinical outcomes. Our approach and improved outcomes can serve as a model for other programs to expand their hydroxyurea use for more children with SCA.
On the empirical scales of organic solvents established using probe/homomorph pairs
Authors: Catalán Javier 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA critical analysis on the adequacy of empirical solvent scales established using probe/homomorph pairs is performed. The independence and robustness of the solvent scales SP (solvent polarizability), SdP (solvent dipolarity), SA (solvent HBD acidity), and SB (solvent HBA basicity) resulting from this approach are also verified. The nature of the solute/solvent molecular interactions that control the values of the Reichardt ET(30) scale is again revealed, it being independent on the solvent polarizability.
Exploring the effects of genomic testing on fear of cancer recurrence among breast cancer survivors
Authors: Gormley Maurade , Knobf M. Tish , Vorderstrasse Allison , Aouizerat Bradley , Hammer Marilyn , Fletcher Jason , D'Eramo Melkus Gail 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveFear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is the greatest unmet psychosocial need among breast cancer survivors (BCS). The Oncotype Dx® test predicts the 10‐year risk of distant recurrence and benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy among women with early stage hormone receptor‐positive breast cancer. Despite the test's clinical utility, psychosocial responses are poorly understood.MethodsA descriptive cross‐sectional study was conducted to explore associations between Oncotype Dx® test results (Recurrence Score [RS]) and FCR, health‐related quality of life (HRQOL), distress, anxiety, depression, illness representation and perceived risk. Bivariate analyses were used to examine the associations between variables followed by multiple linear regression to examine predictors of FCR.ResultsGreater FCR was associated with higher distress, anxiety, depression, illness representation and poorer HRQOL. BCS's with a high Oncotype Dx® RS reported higher overall fear (p = 0.013) and greater perceived consequences of their cancer (p = 0.034) compared to BCS's with a low RS. Using multiple linear regression, anxiety ( = 0.21, p = 0.016), greater emotional response = 0.45, p < 0.001) and perceived consequences ( = 0.18, p = 0.039) of illness explained 58% of the variance (p < 0.001) in FCR.ConclusionBCS's with higher risk of recurrence may experience higher FCR. However, for FCR, modifiable factors such as anxiety and illness representation (greater emotional response and perceived consequences of illness) may be more important than non‐modifiable factors such as Oncotype Dx® test results and age. Further research is needed to develop personalized interventions to improve BCS's outcomes.
Cardiovascular impact and sequelae of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Yallapragada Sushmita G. , Savani Rashmin C. , Goss Kara N. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe development, growth, and function of the cardiac, pulmonary, and vascular systems are closely intertwined during both fetal and postnatal life. In utero, placental, environmental, and genetic insults may contribute to abnormal pulmonary alveolarization and vascularization that increase susceptibility to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. However, the shared milieu of stressors may also contribute to abnormal cardiac or vascular development in the fetus and neonate, leading to the potential for cardiovascular dysfunction. Further, cardiac or pulmonary maladaptation can potentiate dysfunction in the other organ, amplify the risk for BPD in the neonate, and increase the trajectory for overall neonatal morbidity. Beyond infancy, there is an increased risk for systemic and pulmonary vascular disease including hypertension, as well as potential cardiac dysfunction, particularly within the right ventricle. This review will focus on the cardiovascular antecedents of BPD in the fetus, cardiovascular consequences of preterm birth in the neonate including associations with BPD, and cardiovascular impact of prematurity and BPD throughout the lifespan.
Radar reflectivity and radial velocity assimilation in a hybrid ETKF‐3DVAR system for prediction of a heavy convective rainfall
Authors: Thiruvengadam P. , J Indu , Ghosh Subimal 
Published: March 2021

AbstractReliable forecasting of heavy convective rainfall events continues to be one of the greatest challenges for numerical weather prediction models. Studies across the globe have indicated that Doppler weather radar (DWR) data assimilation through three‐dimensional variational methods (3D‐Var) has a considerable impact on improving the forecast skill of convective precipitation. However, the time‐averaged background error statistics (BES) employed in 3D‐Var fail to address the day‐to‐day variability of forecast errors in BES. To effectively represent the convective precipitation events through DWR assimilation, it is important to account for the day‐to‐day variability in background error's variance and correlations in the BES. In this study, the effect of assimilating DWR data using flow‐dependent BES within the variational assimilation system is analysed via the hybrid Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (ETKF)‐3DVAR. For this, the functionality of ETKF in the hybrid ETKF‐3DVAR has been extended to assimilate both DWR radial velocity and reflectivity information. The results suggest that assimilating DWR observations through the hybrid ETKF‐3DVAR improves the forecast skills of convective precipitation as compared to the 3D‐Var. It has also been observed that updating the ensemble states through assimilation of DWR observations in the ETKF system shows an increased wind and moisture convergence.
An implementation of single‐precision fast spherical harmonic transform in Yin–He global spectral model
Authors: Yin Fukang , Song Junqiang , Wu Jianping , Zhang Weimin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this article, we describe an implementation of single‐precision fast spherical harmonic transform (SHT) in the Yin–He global spectral model (YHGSM). The potential of single‐precision arithmetic is explored for accelerating fast SHT. In particular, we assess the impact of using single‐precision fast SHT on the meteorological skill of YHGSM. Compared to double‐precision SHT, single‐precision fast SHT against is accelerated by about 59.83%, whereas the run‐time reduction achieved 25.28% in model integration for TL2047L137. The simulation results indicate that single‐precision fast SHT can improve computational efficiency without a noticeable impact on the forecast skill.
Analysis and design of covariance inflation methods using inflation functions. Part 2: adaptive inflation
Authors: Duc Le , Saito Kazuo , Hotta Daisuke 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPart 1 of this study shows the existence of a unifying theory that encompasses all exiting covariance inflation (CI) methods under a framework of inflation functions operating on the eigenvalues of the ensemble transform matrix. Given a vast space of potential inflation functions, a natural question is how to choose the optimal one. This part 2 shows how adaptive inflation can be implemented in the context of inflation functions to estimate inflation functions on‐the‐fly from observations. Estimation of prior inflation functions (PIF) is equivalent to estimation of background error covariances G in observation space. However, the conventional CI methods confront a difficult problem of how to convert G back to model space to calculate analysis increments and perturbations, which is possible in very limited cases such as multiplicative inflation. The solution here is to exploit the equivalence between PIFs and inflation functions to transplant the estimated PIF into its equivalent inflation function. Analysis increments and perturbations can be calculated using this intermediate inflation function. Maximum likelihood (ML) estimations of three families of PIFs with two data assimilation systems show that this approach works well and that the adaptive methods can even beat a well‐tuned CI method. Estimation of the inflation functions that do not have equivalent PIFs is more difficult since we lack a theoretical guidance, such as Bayesian inference as in the case of PIFs. Those inflation functions are proposed to be estimated from posterior innovation statistics. There are two supporting facts for this estimation: (a) ML estimation of nonparametric PIFs leads back to the prior innovation statistics, and (b) posterior innovation statistics is an effective diagnostic tool for assessing performance of inflation functions. It is interesting to find that ML estimates of inflation functions yield analyses and forecasts better than ML estimates of PIFs.
Integrating new sea‐level scenarios into coastal risk and adaptation assessments: An ongoing process
Authors: Nicholls Robert J. , Hanson Susan E. , Lowe Jason A. , Slangen Aimée B. A. , Wahl Thomas , Hinkel Jochen , Long Antony J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe release of new and updated sea‐level rise (SLR) information, such as from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Assessment Reports, needs to be better anticipated in coastal risk and adaptation assessments. This requires risk and adaptation assessments to be regularly reviewed and updated as needed, reflecting the new information but retaining useful information from earlier assessments. In this paper, updated guidance on the types of SLR information available is presented, including for sea‐level extremes. An intercomparison of the evolution of the headline projected ranges across all the IPCC reports show an increase from the fourth and fifth assessments to the most recent “Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate” assessment. IPCC reports have begun to highlight the importance of potential high‐end sea‐level response, mainly reflecting uncertainties in the Greenland/Antarctic ice sheet components, and how this might be considered in scenarios. The methods that are developed here are practical and consider coastal risk assessment, adaptation planning, and long‐term decision‐making to be an ongoing process and ensure that despite the large uncertainties, pragmatic adaptation decisions can be made. It is concluded that new sea‐level information should not be seen as an automatic reason for abandoning existing assessments, but as an opportunity to review (i) the assessment's robustness in the light of new science and (ii) the utility of proactive adaptation and planning strategies, especially over the more uncertain longer term.This article is categorized under:
Assessing Impacts of Climate Change > Scenario Development and Application
Cwebs beyond three loops in multiparton amplitudes
Authors: Agarwal Neelima , Magnea Lorenzo , Pal Sourav , Tripathi Anurag 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Correlators of Wilson-line operators in non-abelian gauge theories are known to exponentiate, and their logarithms can be organised in terms of collections of Feynman diagrams called webs. In [1] we introduced the concept of Cweb, or correlator web, which is a set of skeleton diagrams built with connected gluon correlators, and we computed the mixing matrices for all Cwebs connecting four or five Wilson lines at four loops. Here we complete the evaluation of four-loop mixing matrices, presenting the results for all Cwebs connecting two and three Wilson lines. We observe that the conjuctured column sum rule is obeyed by all the mixing matrices that appear at four-loops. We also show how low-dimensional mixing matrices can be uniquely determined from their known combinatorial properties, and provide some all-order results for selected classes of mixing matrices. Our results complete the required colour building blocks for the calculation of the soft anomalous dimension matrix at four-loop order.
Conical spaces, modular invariance and cp,1 holography
Authors: Raeymaekers Joris 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We propose a non-unitary example of holography for the family of two-dimensional logarithmic conformal field theories with negative central charge c = cp,1 = −6p + 13 − 6p−1. We argue that at large p, these models have a semiclassical gravity-like description which contains, besides the global AdS3 spacetime, a tower of solitonic solutions describing conical excess angles. Evidence comes from the fact that the central charge and the natural modular invariant partition function of such a theory coincide with those of the cp,1 model. These theories have an extended chiral W-algebra whose currents have large spin of order |c|, and which in the bulk are realized as spinning conical solutions. As a by-product we also find a direct link between geometric actions for exceptional Virasoro coadjoint orbits, which describe fluctuations around the conical spaces, and Felder’s free field construction of degenerate representations.
A worldsheet for Kerr
Authors: Guevara Alfredo , Maybee Ben , Ochirov Alexander , O’Connell Donal , Vines Justin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We show that the Newman-Janis shift property of the exact Kerr solution can be interpreted in terms of a worldsheet effective action. This holds both in gravity, and for the single-copy $$ \sqrt{\mathrm{Kerr}} $$

Kerr

solution in electrodynamics. At the level of equations of motion, we show that the Newman-Janis shift holds also for the leading interactions of the Kerr black hole. These leading interactions are conveniently described using chiral classical equations of motion with the help of the spinor-helicity method familiar from scattering amplitudes.
Algebraic Approach to Casimir Force Between Two $$\delta $$-like Potentials
Authors: Ziemian Kamil 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe analyse the Casimir effect of two nonsingular centers of interaction in three space dimensions, using the framework developed by Herdegen. Our model is mathematically well-defined and all physical quantities are finite. We also consider a scaling limit, in which the problem tends to that with two Dirac $$\delta $$
δ
’s. In this limit the global Casimir energy diverges, but we obtain its asymptotic expansion, which turns out to be model dependent. On the other hand, outside singular supports of $$\delta $$
δ
’s the limit of energy density is a finite universal function (independent of the details of the nonsingular model before scaling). These facts confirm the conclusions obtained earlier for other systems within the approach adopted here: the form of the global Casimir force is usually dominated by the modification of the quantum state in the vicinity of macroscopic bodies.
Patterns of suicide mortality in England and Wales before and after the suicide of the actor Robin Williams
Authors: Pitman Alexandra , Fink David S. , Whitley Rob 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
There is international evidence supporting an association between sensational reporting of suicide and a subsequent increase in local suicide rates, particularly where reporting the death of a celebrity. We aimed to explore whether the observed increase in suicides in the United States, Canada and Australia in the 5 months following the 2014 suicide of the popular actor Robin Williams was also observed in England and Wales.

Method
We used interrupted time-series analysis and a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving averages (SARIMA) model to estimate the expected number of suicides during the 5 months following Williams’ death using monthly suicide count data for England and Wales from the UK Office for National Statistics (ONS) 2013–2014.

Results
Compared with the observed 2051 suicide deaths in all age groups from August to December 2014, we estimated that we would have expected 1949 suicides over the same period, representing no statistically significant excess.

Conclusions
This finding is an outlier among previous studies and contrasts with the approximately 10% increase in suicides found in similar analyses conducted in other high-income English-speaking countries with established media reporting guidelines.
Eventual domination for linear evolution equations
Authors: Glück Jochen , Mugnolo Delio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe consider two $$C_0$$

C
0

-semigroups on function spaces or, more generally, Banach lattices and give necessary and sufficient conditions for the orbits of the first semigroup to dominate the orbits of the second semigroup for large times. As an important special case we consider an $$L^2$$

L
2

-space and self-adjoint operators A and B which generate $$C_0$$

C
0

-semigroups; in this situation we give criteria for the existence of a time $$t_1 \ge 0$$

t
1

≥
0

such that $$e^{tB} \ge e^{tA}$$

e

tB

≥

e

tA

for all subsequent times $$t\ge t_1$$

t
≥

t
1

. As a consequence of our abstract theory, we obtain many surprising insights into the behaviour of various second and fourth order differential operators.