bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomics of aging: Glycosylation
Authors: Wysocki Kenneth , Seibert Diane 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This third article in the Genomics of Aging series explores the process of glycosylation and how abnormal glycosylation contributes to aging and disease (i.e., diabetes, cardiovascular disease [CVD], neurological disorder, and cancer). Glycosylation is an important posttranslational process that contributes to normal protein folding, cell adhesion, protein stability, and motility. Gradual accumulation of molecular errors contributes to the aging process, and specific genetic variants in this pathway have been identified in cancer, CVD, aging, and vulnerability to disease progression. Manipulating glycosylation pathways may be beneficial in reducing disease risk in the future. Smoking cessation has been shown to reverse epigenetic changes in glycosylation pathways that increase cancer, CVD, and all-cause mortality risk, and CVD risk may be reduced if a dimeric glycosylated fusion protein pathway can be regulated. Selective food sources and synthetic vitamins and antioxidants have been shown to support normal glycosylation and help in the cell repair process.
Weaning patients with obesity from ventilatory support
Authors: Kacmarek Robert M. , Wanderley Hatus V. , Villar Jesús , Berra Lorenzo 
Published: April 2021

Purpose of review
Obesity prevalence is increasing in most countries in the world. In the United States, 42% of the population is obese (body mass index (BMI) > 30) and 9.2% is obese class III (BMI > 40). One of the greatest challenges in critically ill patients with obesity is the optimization of mechanical ventilation. The goal of this review is to describe respiratory physiologic changes in patients with obesity and discuss possible mechanical ventilation strategies to improve respiratory function.

Recent findings
Individualized mechanical ventilation based on respiratory physiology after a decremental positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) trial improves oxygenation and respiratory mechanics. In a recent study, mortality of patients with respiratory failure and obesity was reduced by about 50% when mechanical ventilation was associated with the use of esophageal manometry and electrical impedance tomography (EIT).

Summary
Obesity greatly alters the respiratory system mechanics causing atelectasis and prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation. At present, novel strategies to ventilate patients with obesity based on individual respiratory physiology showed to be superior to those based on standard universal tables of mechanical ventilation. Esophageal manometry and EIT are essential tools to systematically assess respiratory system mechanics, safely adjust relatively high levels of PEEP, and improve chances for successful weaning.
Veterans’ Reported Comfort in Disclosing Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
Authors: Ruben Mollie A. , Kauth Michael R. , Meterko Mark , Norton Andrea M. , Matza Alexis R. , Shipherd Jillian C. 
Published: April 2021

Background:
The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) does not routinely collect and document sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) data despite research on health disparities among sexual and gender minority (SGM) veterans. Due to the legacy of previous Department of Defense policies that prohibited disclosure of sexual or gender minority identities among active-duty personnel, minority veterans may be reluctant to respond to SOGI questions on confidential VHA surveys and in discussions with their VHA providers. Veterans may generally find SOGI questions uncomfortable and may not appreciate their relevance to health care.

Objective:
The purpose of this research was to examine veterans’ comfort in reporting identity characteristics on confidential VHA surveys and in discussion with their VHA providers and whether comfort differed by sociodemographic characteristics.

Research Design:
The project involves the secondary analysis of quantitative data from a quality improvement survey project.

Subjects:
A total of 806 veterans were surveyed.

Results:
Overall, 7.15% endorsed sexual or gender minority identity which is a higher rate than the 4.5% noted in the general US population. Cisgender and heterosexual veterans were more comfortable reporting identity characteristics both on VHA confidential surveys and in discussion with VHA providers compared with SGM veterans.

Conclusions:
These data suggest that the majority of veterans feel comfortable reporting their identities both on surveys and in the context of health care. Understanding these perceptions can assist VHA programs in implementing SOGI data collection and disclosure in clinical care, creating a welcoming environment of care for SGM veterans that does not make veterans from other backgrounds feel uncomfortable.
Physical Activity and Fatigue in Children With Intestinal Failure on Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: So Stephanie , Patterson Catherine , Betts Zachary , Belza Christina , Avitzur Yaron , Wales Paul W. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTObjectives:With improved survival of children with intestinal failure (IF), it is important to examine the impact on long‐term physical function, physical activity (PA), and fatigue and identify clinical factors that may be predictive of impairment.Methods:Cross‐sectional study in children with IF on parenteral nutrition (PN) compared with healthy age‐ and sex‐matched controls (HCs). Assessments included: Paediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL) Physical Function subscale, PedsQL Multi‐Dimensional Fatigue Scale, and PA Perceived Benefits and Barriers scale. PA was measured using an accelerometer. Medical data was collected by chart abstraction.Results:Participants included 21 children with IF (14 girls), median age 8.33 (interquartile range [IQR] 6.96–11.04) years and 33 HCs (20 boys), 8.25 (6.67–10.79) years. In those with IF, 13 (62%) were born prematurely with a median of 15 (7.5–24.5) in‐patient hospitalizations. There was a significant difference (P = 0.033) in mean steps/day in children with IF (9709 +/− 3975) compared with HCs (13104 +/− 5416), and a correlation between moderate‐to‐vigorous PA and gestational age (r = 0.642, P = 0.010). Child and parent proxy scores indicate poorer physical function and greater fatigue in the IF group, along with a correlation between greater fatigue (r = −0.538, P = 0.012), poorer physical function (r = −0.0650, P = 0.0001) in children with more hospitalizations. Barriers to PA include “I am tired” and “I am worried about my line.”Conclusions:Children with IF present with lower levels of PA and physical function and greater fatigue compared with their peers. Ongoing development of medical and rehabilitation intervention strategies is vital to optimize outcomes.
Electrogastrography Abnormalities in Pediatric Gastroduodenal Disorders
Authors: Bhat Sameer , Varghese Chris , Carson Daniel A. , Hayes Tommy C.L. , Andrews Christopher N. , Mousa Hayat , O'Grady Gregory , Gharibans Armen A. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTElectrogastrography (EGG) is a non‐invasive method of measuring gastric electrophysiology. Abnormal gastric electrophysiology is thought to contribute to disease pathophysiology in patients with gastroduodenal symptoms but this has not been comprehensively quantified in pediatric populations. This study aimed to quantify the abnormalities in gastric electrophysiology on EGG in neonatal and pediatric patients.Databases were systematically searched for articles utilizing EGG in neonatal and pediatric patients (⩽18 years). Primary outcomes were prevalence of abnormality, percentage of time in normal rhythm, and power ratio. Secondary outcomes were correlations between patient symptoms and abnormal gastric electrophysiology on EGG.A total of 33 articles (1444 participants) were included. EGG methodologies were variable. Pooled prevalence of abnormalities on EGG ranged from 61% to 86% in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD), gastro‐esophageal reflux disease (GERD), and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). FD patients averaged 20.8% (P = 0.011) less preprandial and 21.6% (P = 0.031) less postprandial time in normogastria compared with controls. Electrophysiological abnormalities were inconsistent in GERD. T1DM patients averaged 46.2% (P = 0.0003) less preprandial and similar (P = 0.32) postprandial time in normogastria compared with controls, and had a lower power ratio (SMD −2.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −4.25 to −0.15; P = 0.036). Symptom correlations with gastric electrophysiology were inconsistently reported.Abnormalities in gastric electrophysiology were identifiable across a range of pediatric patients with gastroduodenal symptoms on meta‐analysis. However, techniques have been inconsistent, and standardized and more reliable EGG methods are desirable to further define these findings and their potential utility in clinical practice.
Inpatient Pediatric Foreign Body Ingestion
Authors: Wood Mary L. , Potnuru Paul P. , Nair Supriya 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTObjective:We generated national estimates of patient and hospitalization characteristics for pediatric inpatient admissions for foreign body ingestion (FBI) and compared these to admissions for other reasons. We further identified characteristics that were independently associated with length of stay (LOS). Finally, we hypothesized that endoscopy within 24 hours of admission was independently associated with a shorter LOS in patients admitted for FBI.Methods:In this retrospective study, we used data from the Kids’ Inpatient Database for 2016. Admissions for FBI were identified and national estimates of patient and hospitalization characteristics were generated. Patients admitted for FBI were compared to patients admitted for other causes. Data were analyzed for independent associations with LOS. Subgroup analysis was performed to determine whether early endoscopy was associated with a shorter LOS.Results:A total of 2464 admissions for FBI were identified in the database. The median (interquartile range) patient age was 4 (1–11) years with a slight male predominance. Most patients (82.6%) had an endoscopy performed during admission. Independent factors associated with increased LOS included: airway procedures, intra‐abdominal surgery, psychiatric diagnosis, esophageal disorder, and developmental delay. Among patients who required endoscopy, 56.7% were performed early (within 24 hours). Early endoscopy was independently associated with a 35% shorter LOS (incidence rate ratio = 0.65, 95% confidence interval 0.54–0.80; P=0.009).Conclusions:Inpatient admissions for FBI frequently require endoscopy and have a short LOS. In patients who require endoscopy during the admission, early endoscopy (within 24 hours of admission) may be associated with a shorter LOS.
Socioeconomic Mobility and Psychological and Cognitive Functioning in a Diverse Sample of Adults With and Without HIV
Authors: Weissberger Gali H. , Núñez Rodolfo A. , Tureson Kayla , Gold Alaina , Thames April D. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective
This cross-sectional study examined the effects of socioeconomic status (SES) mobility from childhood to adulthood on psychological and cognitive well-being in African American and non-Hispanic White HIV-positive (HIV+) and HIV-seronegative (HIV−) adults who are part of an ongoing study investigating psychosocial and neurobehavioral effects of HIV.

Methods
Participants (N = 174, 24.1% female, 59.2% African American, 67.8% HIV+) were categorized into four groups (upward mobility, downward mobility, stable-not-poor, chronic-poverty) based on self-reported childhood and current community SES (which were correlated with objective measures of SES and proxies of childhood SES). SES groups were compared on self-report measures of psychological well-being, subjective executive functioning ratings, and performance across six cognitive domains. Primary analyses were stratified by HIV status.

Results
For the HIV+ group, SES mobility was associated with psychological well-being (chronic burden of stress: F(7,101) = 3.17, mean squared error [MSE] = 49.42, p = .030, η2 = 0.14; depressive symptoms: F(7,101) = 4.46, MSE = 70.49, p = .006,η2 = 0.14), subjective ratings of executive dysfunction (F(7,101) = 6.11, MSE = 114.29, p = .001,η2 = 0.18), and objective performance in executive functioning (F(9,99) = 3.22, MSE = 249.52, p = .030, η2 = 0.15) and learning (F(9,99) = 3.01, MSE = 220.52, p = .034, η2 = 0.13). In the control group, SES mobility was associated with chronic stress burden (F(5,49) = 4.677, p = .025, η2 = 0.15); however, no other relationships between SES mobility and outcomes of interest were observed (all p values > .20). In general, downward mobility and chronic poverty were associated with worse ratings across psychological well-being measures and cognitive performance.

Conclusions
Findings within the HIV+ group are consistent with previous studies that report downward mobility to be associated with poor psychological outcomes. People living with HIV may be particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of socioeconomic instability.
Current Situation of Medication Errors in Saudi Arabia: A Nationwide Observational Study
Authors: Alshammari Thamir M. , Alenzi Khalidah A. , Alatawi Yasser , Almordi Afnan S. , Altebainawi Ali F. 
Published: April 2021

Objectives
Medication errors are common and highly preventable events that significantly affect patients’ health. This nationwide study primarily aims to quantify the rate and level of harm from the reported medication errors and to determine the medication process stages in which the reported errors occurred.

Methods
This retrospective observational study concerns medication errors reported to the General Department of Pharmaceutical Care database from March 2018 to June 2019. The database stores all aspects of medication error information, including patient, medication, and error information, along with the job position of the staff involved and contributing factors. The medication use process was categorized into these stages: ordering/prescribing, transcribing, dispensing, administering, and monitoring. We recorded each medication error based on categories from the U.S. National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention.

Results
A total of 71,332 medication error events were reported to the database. Physicians made 63,120 (88.5%) reported errors, and pharmacists most frequently detected the errors (75.9%). The majority of reported errors appeared at the prescribing phase (84.8%), followed by the transcribing (5.8%) and dispensing (5.7%) phases. A total of 4182 (5.8%) errors reached the patient. Health care professionals’ work overload and lack of experience were associated with 31.6% and 22.7% of the reported errors, respectively.

Conclusions
Our study highlights the concern regarding medication errors and their low reporting by indicating that pharmacists reported and detected the majority of errors. Promoting a no-blame culture and education for health professionals is vital for improving the error-reporting rate.
Redeployment of Health Care Workers in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study of Health System Leaders’ Strategies
Authors: Panda Nikhil , Sinyard Robert D. , Henrich Natalie , Cauley Christy E. , Hannenberg Alexander A. , Sonnay Yves , Bitton Asaf , Brindle Mary , Molina George 
Published: April 2021

Objectives
This study aimed to determine the strategies used and critical considerations among an international sample of hospital leaders when mobilizing human resources in response to the clinical demands associated with the COVID-19 pandemic surge.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional, qualitative research study designed to investigate strategies used by health system leaders from around the world when mobilizing human resources in response to the global COVD-19 pandemic. Prospective interviewees were identified through nonprobability and purposive sampling methods from May to July 2020. The primary outcomes were the critical considerations, as perceived by health system leaders, when redeploying health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic determined through thematic analysis of transcribed notes. Redeployment was defined as reassigning personnel to a different location or retraining personnel for a different task.

Results
Nine hospital leaders from 9 hospitals in 8 health systems located in 5 countries (United States, United Kingdom, New Zealand, Singapore, and South Korea) were interviewed. Six hospitals in 5 health systems experienced a surge of critically ill patients with COVID-19, and the remaining 3 hospitals anticipated, but did not experience, a similar surge. Seven of 8 hospitals redeployed their health care workforce, and 1 had a redeployment plan in place but did not need to use it. Thematic analysis of the interview notes identified 3 themes representing effective practices and lessons learned when preparing and executing workforce redeployment: process, leadership, and communication. Critical considerations within each theme were identified. Because of the various expertise of redeployed personnel, retraining had to be customized and a decentralized flexible strategy was implemented. There were 3 concerns regarding redeployed personnel. These included the fear of becoming infected, the concern over their skills and patient safety, and concerns regarding professional loss (such as loss of education opportunities in their chosen profession). Transparency via multiple different types of communications is important to prevent the development of doubt and rumors.

Conclusions
Redeployment strategies should critically consider the process of redeploying and supporting the health care workforce, decentralized leadership that encourages and supports local implementation of system-wide plans, and communication that is transparent, regular, consistent, and informed by data.
Hypermetabolic Unicentric Castleman Disease of Kidney on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Wang Peipei , Hou Guozhu , Li Fang , Cheng Xin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A 62-year-old man presented with a huge lesion of left kidney on ultrasound in a health examination 1 month ago. The mass showed hypervascularity on enhanced CT and intense FDG uptake on FDG PET/CT in the lower pole of kidney, which suggested renal malignancy. The histopathological result after surgical resection of the mass confirmed the diagnosis of Castleman disease, the hyaline vascular variant.
Incidental Finding of a Parotid Basal Cell Adenoma With High Tracer Uptake on 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT
Authors: Pinot Fanny , Uguen Arnaud , Leclere Jean-Christophe , Thuillier Philippe , Abgral Ronan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A 67-year-old man was referred to our department to undergo a 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT during the systematic follow-up of a small intestine neuroendocrine tumor. PET revealed an incidental focal increased uptake of 68Ga-DOTATOC matching with a left intraparotid lesion on the combined contrast-enhanced CT, suggestive of a benign salivary tumor. An MRI was performed to characterize this lesion, and finally, the patient underwent surgery. Histological analysis confirmed the presence of a basal cell adenoma.
Recurrent Subcutaneous Ewing Sarcoma on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Wu Junhao , Liu Ya , Gong Weidong , Liao Taiping , Zhang Chunyin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Subcutaneous Ewing sarcoma is very rare. This report presents the case of a 23-year-old woman with a history of primary subcutaneous Ewing sarcoma who recently found a gradually increasing mass. Recurrent subcutaneous Ewing sarcoma was thus suspected. 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed and showed an FDG-avid mass in her buttocks. Subsequent histopathological and immunohistochemical tests were consistent with subcutaneous Ewing sarcoma.
Distinguishing Meningioma From Metastasis of Prostate Cancer on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT
Authors: Filizoglu Nuh , Oksuzoglu Kevser , Ozguven Salih 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Meningiomas are typically benign and the most common primary brain tumors. They are usually diagnosed based on their characteristic appearance on both MRI and CT. Meningiomas can easily be misdiagnosed as metastasis of prostate cancer due to their high 68Ga-PSMA uptake on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT. We present a case of a metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma with PSMA-avid lesion in the right frontal lobe on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT. Later, MRI confirmed the brain lesion as meningioma.
P-selectin antibody treatment after blunt thoracic trauma prevents early pulmonary arterial thrombosis without changes in viscoelastic measurements of coagulation
Authors: Schutzman Linda M. , Rigor Rob R. , Lin Yung-Ling J. , Dang An N. , Le Peter H. , Singh Harjeet B. , Yu Bohan , Wisner Peter H. , Musson Cristien C. , Clark Isaiah J. , Galante Joseph M. , Brown Ian E. 
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION
Previously, in a murine model of blunt thoracic trauma, we provided evidence of primary pulmonary thrombosis associated with increased expression of the cell adhesion molecule, P-selectin. In this study, mice are treated with P-selectin blocking antibody after injury to investigate the clinical viability of this antibody for the prevention of pulmonary thrombosis. In addition, viscoelastic testing is performed to investigate if P-selectin inhibition has a detrimental impact on normal hemostasis.

METHODS
A murine model of thoracic trauma was used. Mice were divided into sham control and experimental injury groups. Thirty minutes after trauma, mice were treated with the following: P-selectin blocking antibody, isotype control antibody, low-dose heparin, high-dose heparin, or normal saline. At 90 minutes, whole blood was collected for characterization of coagulation by viscoelastic coagulation monitor (VCM Vet; Entegrion, Durham, NC). Mean clotting time, clot formation time, clot kinetics (α angle), and maximum clot firmness were compared between each treatment group.

RESULTS
Mice that received P-selectin antibody 30 minutes after blunt thoracic trauma had four- to fivefold less (p < 0.001) arterial fibrin accumulation than those that received the isotype control. In both sham and trauma groups, compared with vehicle (normal saline) alone, no statistical difference was noted in any coagulation parameters after injection with P-selectin antibody, isotype control, or low-dose heparin. In addition, blinded histopathological evaluation yielded no difference in hemorrhage scores between injured mice treated with P-selectin blocking antibody and those treated with isotype antibody control.

CONCLUSION
This study supports the clinical use of P-selectin blocking antibody for the prevention of pulmonary thrombosis by confirming its efficacy when given after a blunt thoracic trauma. In addition, we demonstrated that the administration of P-selectin antibody does not adversely affect systemic coagulation as measured by viscoelastic testing, suggesting that P-selectin antibody can be safely given during the acute posttraumatic period.