bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of myo‐inositol and d‐chiro‐inositol combination on menstrual cycle regulation and improving insulin resistance in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized open‐label study
Authors: Kachhawa Garima , Senthil Kumar Krithika V. , Kulshrestha Vidushi , Khadgawat Rajesh , Mahey Reeta , Bhatla Neerja 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the effect of myo‐inositol and d‐chiro‐inositol in combination (MI + DCI) with combined hormonal contraceptive (CHC) on menstrual cycle regulation in young Indian women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).MethodsSeventy young women with PCOS aged 15–24 years with delayed cycles were randomized into two groups and were treated for 6 months with MI + DCI (550 + 150 mg, 3.6:1 ratio) twice a day and CHC (ethinyl estradiol 20 µg + drospirenone 3 mg) once a day.ResultsSpontaneous menses resumed in 28 (84.85%) young women on MI + DCI, compared with withdrawal bleeding in 34 (100%) on CHC. The mean cycle length reduced with both MI + DCI (124.54 ± 8.08 to 57.75 ± 3.00 days, P < 0.001) and CHC (105.88 ± 7.96 to 30.53 ± 2.95 days, P < 0.001). Regular menstrual cycles were established in 9 (27.27%) young women with MI + DCI (P = 0.001) and 30 (88.23%) with CHC (P < 0.001). Three months after stopping the treatment, 24 young women (85.71%) on MI + DCI and 25 (73.53%) on CHC continued to have spontaneous cycles. Anti‐Müllerian hormone decreased with both the drugs (P = 0.001), whereas luteinizing hormone (P = 0.001) and testosterone (P = 0.04) decreased with CHC and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (P < 0.001) with MI + DCI.ConclusionMyo‐inositol and d‐chiro‐inositol in combination (3.6:1 ratio) are effective in regularizing menstrual cycles and improving insulin resistance.Trial registrationClinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI/2018/03/012643). http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?trialid=20969&EncHid=&userName=myo‐inositol
Integrity of cell‐free DNA in maternal plasma extracellular vesicles as a potential biomarker for non‐invasive prenatal testing
Authors: Pan Min , Lu Jiafeng , Liu Zhiyu , Shi Huajuan , Bai Yunfei , Chen Pingsheng , Ge Qinyu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveLarge proportions of cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) in plasma are localized in extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are secreted from placental cells. This study was conducted to reveal the integrity pattern of cfDNA in maternal plasma EVs (evcfDI) across gestation, and explore if evcfDI could be a potential biomarker in screening for aneuploid fetus in non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT).MethodsA total of 180 maternal plasma samples were collected during NIPT. Both evcfDNA and fetal evcfDNA (evcffDNA) were measured by quantitative PCR of LINE1 and SRY gene amplicons with different sizes. The evcfDI was calculated as the ratio of long to short fragments.ResultsevcfDI is not affected by gestational age; whereas evcffDI has a mild decreasing trend with increasing gestational age (P = 0.048). evcfDI is significantly and negatively correlated with maternal body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters: ≤18.5, 18.5–25, and ≥25) (P < 0.01) and age (<35 and ≥35 years) (P < 0.01). Mean evcfDI decreases from 2.113 in euploid controls to 0.681 in those with an aneuploid fetus in NIPT (P = 0.003).ConclusionMaternal clinical characteristics such as BMI and age could be innovative biomarkers to calibrate evcfDI, which was shown to be a potential indicator of an aneuploid fetus. Analysis of evcfDI based on quantitative PCR could serve as a novel, rapid, and low‐cost NIPT strategy, which might facilitate testing at earlier gestations.
A survey of pharmacists' roles in gastroenterology and hepatology
Authors: Choi David , Patel Shivani , Trivedi Itishree , Rubin David T. , Moss Alan , Bhat Shubha 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionPharmacists' roles have evolved over time to include direct patient care and optimization of medication related outcomes. However, one therapeutic area lacking an evaluation of pharmacist involvement is gastroenterology and hepatology (GI/liver). This area utilizes biologics and other treatment options with considerable cost and safety, thus pharmacists can have a significant impact in caring for patients with GI/liver conditions.ObjectivesIdentify the background training of pharmacists practicing in GI/liver and characterize their current practice landscape.MethodsA survey was developed and disseminated through the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) GI/Liver/Nutrition and Ambulatory Practice and Research Networks (PRN) groups and through the American Society of Health System Pharmacists (ASHP) Section of Specialty Pharmacy Practitioners from November 30, 2020 to January 16, 2021.ResultsOf 42 unique responses received, respondents primarily practiced at an academic medical center in the ambulatory setting. Although respondents reported completing various types of post‐graduate training (residency and fellowship), 55% of respondents endorsed prior exposure to GI/liver during training. Common disease states managed were inflammatory bowel disease, hepatitis B and C, and cirrhosis. Half of respondents reported having a collaborative practice agreement and 67% reported independently seeing patients in clinic, developing therapy plans, and ordering/monitoring labs. Approximately 69% do not have dedicated time for research. Only 23% of respondents reported billing for clinical services.ConclusionIn this survey, pharmacists are involved in caring for patients with GI/liver conditions under collaborative practice agreements and primarily based in an outpatient clinic. Future growth of pharmacists in this therapeutic space will require increased formalized training of GI/liver conditions and strategies to optimize reimbursement.
Impact of a pharmacist‐led pneumococcal vaccination outreach program in a primary care setting
Authors: Goldsworthy Jessica , Benzer Jessica , Salvati Lisa , Tomlin Charles Ryan , Jenkins Tiffany , Jameson Andrew , Dumkow Lisa E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionStreptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of bacterial infections and leads to 1.5 million hospitalizations annually. Vaccinations are one of the most important and cost‐effective tools available in healthcare to prevent infectious diseases. However, gaps still exist between what is recommended and actual vaccination rates in the United States.ObjectiveThe primary objective of this study was to assess the impact of a newly implemented pharmacist‐led pneumococcal vaccination outreach program on overall PPSV23 rates in the primary care setting.MethodsThis was a retrospective, quasi‐experimental study conducted following the implementation of a newly developed, pharmacist‐led, vaccination outreach program as part of a novel standard of care practice implemented in two primary care offices. Pharmacists provided direct patient outreach through telephone calls to all patients deemed eligible for PPSV23 that met inclusion criteria. Pharmacists provided counseling on PPSV23 and action steps to receive the vaccine at the office through appointment. The primary outcome of change in vaccination rates was assessed 90 days after patient outreach. Secondary outcomes assessed feasibility, common barriers to vaccination, coadministration with influenza vaccination, and revenue changes.ResultsA total of 762 patients were contacted under the outreach program. Overall PPSV23 vaccination rates significantly increased following the implementation of the pharmacist‐led vaccination outreach program (54.1% vs 60.5%, P < 0.001). Of the 398 patients reached, 38.9% accepted the recommendation for PPSV23 and 66.5% of those patients had confirmed administration. Approximate revenue generation secondary to the program was $5568.85.ConclusionA pharmacist‐led PPSV23 vaccination outreach program significantly increased the rate of PPSV23 vaccination in two primary care offices, leading to improved compliance with national vaccination recommendations and revenue generation.
Microstructure, corrosion rate, and mechanical properties of unidirectionally and cross‐rolled Mg‐0.375Ga and Mg‐0.750Ga alloys
Authors: Hernández‐Cortés Anabel A. , Escobedo‐Bocardo José C. , Cortés‐Hernández Dora A. , Vazquez‐Montiel Ricardo H. , Peralta‐Montes J. Salomón , Almanza‐Robles José M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe effect of unidirectional and cross rolling on the corrosion rate, texture, tensile properties and hemolysis of the Mg‐0.375Ga and Mg‐0.750Ga alloys was evaluated. Pure Mg and as‐cast alloys were processed by unidirectional and cross rolling at 400°C to obtain a total thickness reduction of 50%. The corrosion rate was measured by the weight loss method in simulated body fluid. Determination of the hemolysis percentage was carried out by direct contact of specimens with diluted blood. After hot rolling, the mechanical properties of the alloys were improved. The cross‐rolled Mg‐0.750Ga alloy showed the highest grain refinement (55 μm) and the highest ultimate tensile strength (240 MPa), however, lower elongation (13.9%) than the rolled Mg‐0.375Ga alloy. While unidirectional rolling creates a strong basal texture, cross rolling weakens considerably this texture. The Ga addition weakens the basal texture. Corrosion rate of the Mg‐Ga alloys was significantly reduced (<1 mm/yr) after heat treatment and hot rolling due the homogenization of the microstructure and the presence of gallium as alloying element. The cross‐rolled samples showed higher corrosion than the heat‐treated and unidirectionally rolled samples. After rolling, alloys showed hemolysis percentages between 7.1 and 9.3%, values lower than those presented by pure magnesium (>22.7%) and as‐cast alloys (>24.2%); however, the alloys are still hemolytic (>5%).
Advances in electrospun scaffolds for meniscus tissue engineering and regeneration
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Ding Yangfan , Li Haiyan , Mo Xiumei , Wu Jinglei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe meniscus plays a critical role in maintaining the homeostasis, biomechanics, and structural stability of the knee joint. Unfortunately, it is predisposed to damages either from sports‐related trauma or age‐related degeneration. The meniscus has an inherently limited capacity for tissue regeneration. Self‐healing of injured adult menisci only occurs in the peripheral vascularized portion, while the spontaneous repair of the inner avascular region seems never happens. Repair, replacement, and regeneration of menisci through tissue engineering strategies are promising to address this problem. Recently, many scaffolds for meniscus tissue engineering have been proposed for both experimental and preclinical investigations. Electrospinning is a feasible and versatile technique to produce nano‐ to micro‐scale fibers that mimic the microarchitecture of native extracellular matrix and is an effective approach to prepare nanofibrous scaffolds for constructing engineered meniscus. Electrospun scaffolds are reported to be capable of inducing colonization of meniscus cells by modulating local extracellular density and stimulating endogenous regeneration by driving reprogramming of meniscus wound microenvironment. Electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds with tunable mechanical properties, controllable anisotropy, and various porosities have shown promises for meniscus repair and regeneration and will undoubtedly inspire more efforts in exploring effective therapeutic approaches towards clinical applications. In this article, we review the current advances in the use of electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds for meniscus tissue engineering and repair and discuss prospects for future studies.
Hemin accumulation and identification of a heme‐binding protein clan in K562 cells by proteomic and computational analysis
Authors: Tsolaki Vasiliki‐Dimitra C. , Georgiou‐Siafis Sofia K. , Tsamadou Athina I. , Tsiftsoglou Stefanos A. , Samiotaki Martina , Panayotou George , Tsiftsoglou Asterios S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHeme (iron protoporphyrin IX) is an essential regulator conserved in all known organisms. We investigated the kinetics of intracellular accumulation of hemin (oxidized form) in human transformed proerythroid K562 cells using [14C]‐hemin and observed that it is time and temperature‐dependent, affected by the presence of serum proteins, as well as the amphipathic/hydrophobic properties of hemin. Hemin‐uptake exhibited saturation kinetics as a function of the concentration added, suggesting the involvement of a carrier‐cell surface receptor‐mediated process. The majority of intracellular hemin accumulated in the cytoplasm, while a substantial portion entered the nucleus. Cytosolic proteins isolated by hemin‐agarose affinity column chromatography (HACC) were found to form stable complexes with [59Fe]‐hemin. The HACC fractionation and Liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis of cytosolic, mitochondrial, and nuclear protein isolates from K562 cell extracts revealed the presence of a large number of hemin‐binding proteins (HeBPs) of diverse ontologies, including heat shock proteins, cytoskeletal proteins, enzymes, and signaling proteins such as actinin a4, mitogen‐activated protein kinase 1 as well as several others. The subsequent computational analysis of the identified HeBPs using HemoQuest confirmed the presence of various hemin/heme‐binding motifs [C(X)nC, H, Y] in their primary structures and conformations. The possibility that these HeBPs contribute to a heme intracellular trafficking protein network involved in the homeostatic regulation of the pool and overall functions of heme is discussed.
Wax carving exercises predict performance on practical examinations for first‐year dental students
Authors: Imbery Terence A. , Goolsby Susie P. , Janus Charles , Stilianoudakis Spiro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPerceptual ability test (PAT) is a valid determinant for spatial perceptions. However, a validated psychomotor skill test for dentistry does not currently exist.Purpose/Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether the results of two wax carving exercises (E1 and E2), PAT, quantitative reasoning (QR), and academic average (AA) tests predict students’ performance on dental anatomy practical examinations.Methods: First‐year dental students (n = 69) participated in the study. Results of the PAT, QR, and AA were obtained from the Admissions Office. Participants completed wax carving exercises during the first (E1) and last weeks (E2) of the dental anatomy course. Carving instruments, instruction, and rubrics, were provided to participants who were instructed to carve a cube and a semicircle shape into a wax block using the wax subtraction technique. Two calibrated and blinded faculty graded the exercise as ideal, satisfactory, or unsatisfactory in four categories: finish, sharpness, symmetry, and accuracy. During the dental anatomy course, participants completed wax carving practical examinations for a maxillary central incisor and a mandibular first molar. Examinations were graded by calibrated faculty as ideal, satisfactory, or unsatisfactory. The linear mixed effects model assessed influences of independent variables on the practical examinations. Results: estimates of the independent variables on the practical examinations were PAT (0.027), AA (0.088), QR (–0.014), E1 (0.235), and E2 (0.175). Conclusions: wax carving exercises were stronger predictors of performance on the practical examinations than the PAT, AA, and QR. This simple exercise may help identify students early in their preclinical education requiring additional assistance.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluations of (E)‐2‐(1‐[2‐mercapto‐4‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐imidazol‐5‐yl]ethylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamide derivatives as antimicrobial agents
Authors: Daraji Drashti G. , Rajani Dhanji P. , Jayanthi Sivaraman , Patel Hitesh D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn recent year, the development of new drugs as antibacterial agents is an important resolution to overcome drug‐resistant pathogens. Imidazole derivatives were synthesized using the microwave irradiation method and were characterized using spectral analysis techniques such as proton nuclear magnetic resonance, mass, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. All the analogous were assessed for their in vitro antimicrobial activity and in silico; minimum inhibition concentration values of some conjugates were evaluated against extended spectrum beta‐lactamases, vancomycin‐resistant enterococci, and Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains from clinical samples. All the analogous were used as ligands in molecular docking and adsorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion against saDHPS. Furthermore, compounds were also examined for their in vitro antituberculosis and antimalarial activity.
Cardiolipin function in the yeast S. cerevisiae and the lessons learned for Barth syndrome
Authors: Ji Jiajia , Greenberg Miriam L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCardiolipin (CL) is the signature phospholipid (PL) of mitochondria and plays a pivotal role in mitochondrial and cellular function. Disruption of the CL remodeling gene tafazzin (TAZ) causes the severe genetic disorder Barth syndrome (BTHS). Our current understanding of the function of CL and the mechanism underlying the disease has greatly benefited from studies utilizing the powerful yeast model Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this review, we discuss important findings on the function of CL and its remodeling from yeast studies and the implications of these findings for BTHS, highlighting the potential physiological modifiers that may contribute to the disparities in clinical presentation among BTHS patients.
Exclusive enteral nutrition with oral polymeric diet helps in inducing clinical and biochemical remission in adults with active Crohn's disease
Authors: Kakkadasam Ramaswamy Pradeep ,   Gold Coast Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Research Group
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsExclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is not routinely used as induction therapy for adults with active Crohn's disease (CD). The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of EEN with oral polymeric formula as an adjunct for inducing clinical and biochemical remission in adults with active CD.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of data from January 2018 to September 2019 on all patients with active CD who commenced EEN. The primary end point (PE) was clinical remission (Crohn's Disease Activity Index [CDAI] ≤150) or response (100‐point decrease in CDAI) at 8 weeks. The secondary end point (SE) was biochemical remission (C‐reactive protein level ≤5 mg/L or feces calprotectin level ≤150 mcg/g) at 8 weeks in those whose baseline values were elevated. We also aimed to identify predictors of response to EEN therapy.ResultsSixty‐six patients commenced EEN; 53 (of 66; 80.3%) completed the prescribed EEN course. At 8 weeks, 42 (of 66; 63.6%) patients achieved the PE, and 30 (of 53; 56.6%) patients achieved the SE. Patients receiving EEN for ≥6 weeks achieved the PE (72% vs 47.8%; odds ratio [OR], 2.8; P = 0.047; CI, 0.97–8.16) and SE (67.6% vs 36.8%; OR, 3.58; P = 0.035; CI, 1.1–11.63) more frequently compared with patients who received EEN for <6 weeks. Nine patients reported adverse effects.ConclusionPolymeric EEN is well tolerated, safe, and effective in inducing clinical and biochemical remission in adults with active CD. EEN duration of ≥6 weeks has better outcomes.
Dietary medium‐chain 1‐monoglycerides modulates the community and function of cecal microbiota of broilers
Authors: Liu Tao , Guo Liangyong , Zhangying Ye , Ruan Shengyue , Liu Wangxin , Zhang Xi , Feng Fengqin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDMedium‐chain monoglycerides (MGs) are a group of 1‐monoglycerides of medium‐chain fatty acids with strong antibacterial activity, which may influence the gut microbiota in the diet of broilers. The present study evaluated the effects of mixed MGs on the community and function of gut microbiota in broilers. A total of 528 newly hatched male yellow feathered broiler chicks were weighed and randomly assigned into four groups, including a basal diet (CON), a basal diet containing 300 mg kg−1 MG (MG300), 450 mg kg−1 MG (MG450), or 600 mg kg−1 MG (MG600).RESULTSThe cecal acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, isovaleric acid and total short‐chain fatty acid of broilers in the MG‐containing groups were notably increased compared with the CON group. Dietary MG selectively increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae, Bacteroides and an unclassified genus of Lachnospiraceae family, but decreased the proportion of an unclassified genus of Barnesiellaceae and a norank genus of Flavobacteriaceae family in the cecum of broilers. Functional prediction revealed that MG supplementation enriched the microbial gene abundance of amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism, while depleted the gene abundance of fat metabolism and energy metabolism. Moreover, the modulation of gut microbiota by MG supplementation was closely correlated with the alteration of muscle amino acids.CONCLUSIONDietary MGs altered the gut microbiota community structure and metabolites, and modulated the gene abundance of microbial metabolism pathways in the cecum of broilers, which may further influence the growth performance, nutrient utilization and meat quality of the host. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Metabolic and antioxidant effects of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in crops of flesh‐coloured Solanum tuberosum treated with fungicides
Authors: Alarcón Sebastián , Tereucán Gonzalo , Cornejo Pablo , Contreras Boris , Ruiz Antonieta 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDSolanum tuberosum tubers have higher content of phenolic compounds such as hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (HCAD) and anthocyanins in coloured genotypes. The use of fungicides for crops is common, but there are few studies regarding the interaction of fungicides and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Here, the AMF–plant interactions and the metabolic responses of three potato genotypes with different tuber colorations (VR808, CB2011‐509 and CB2011‐104) inoculated with Claroideoglomus claroideum (CC), Claroideoglomus lamellosum (HMC26) or Funneliformis mosseae (HMC7) were studied together with the use of the fungicides MONCUT (M) and ReflectXtra (R). Mycorrhizal traits, phenolic compound profiles and antioxidant activity (AA) were evaluated.RESULTSDespite only two HCADs being identified, with 5‐caffeolquinic acid the most abundant, four anthocyanins were detected only in purple potato genotypes. The anthocyanin and HCAD profiles, as well as AA, showed that the CB2011‐104 genotype had better characteristics than the other genotypes, while VR808 and CB509 showed similar responses. The responses were dependent on the specific combinations of genotype, fungicide and the AMF strain, and generally showed better responses when colonized by AMFs.CONCLUSIONThe three potato genotypes had differential responses depending on the inoculated AMFs and the fungicide applied before sowing, where the optimal combinations for antioxidant response, mycorrhization degree and performance were HMC26/R for VR808, HMC7/M for CB2011‐509 and HMC26/M for CB2011‐104. Our results suggest the existence of functional compatibility that can be registered as beneficial effects even at the genotypic level of the host regarding a specific AMF strain. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.