bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urbanization buffers seasonal change in composition of bird communities: A multi‐continental meta‐analysis
Authors: Leveau Lucas M. , Jokimäki Jukka , Kaisanlahti‐Jokimäki Marja‐Liisa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimUrbanization buffers the seasonality of climate conditions and food availability and, therefore, may cause a seasonal homogenization of animal communities. However, the global effect of urbanization on the seasonal dynamics of animal communities remains unexplored. Our aim was to study the multi‐continental relationship between urbanization and the seasonal change in bird composition and explore the influence of climatic factors on the urban‐induced reduction of seasonality of bird composition.LocationMulti‐continental.TaxonBirds.MethodsWe performed a literature review and a meta‐analysis. The risk ratio effect size (here referred to as urban seasonality index, USI) was used, considering the number of species seen either in the breeding (spring and/or summer) or the non‐breeding (autumn and/or winter) season, and the number of species seen during both seasons between urban and less urbanized sites. Low USI values indicated a decrease in the seasonal change in bird composition in urban areas. A total of 38 USIs were obtained from 34 cities of six continents.ResultsMulti‐continentally, there are fewer differences in bird composition between seasons in urban than in less urbanized areas, indicating seasonal homogenization due to urbanization. The USI decreased in areas with the lowest maximum temperature and the highest latitude, suggesting the highest decrease in the seasonality of bird composition in urban areas located in regions near the poles and with high seasonal change in temperature. Moreover, studies in the Northern Hemisphere and those that compared suburban versus natural and urban versus rural habitats had a significant decrease in seasonality of bird community in urban areas.Main conclusionsUrbanization induces a seasonal homogenization of bird composition, and this impact seems more pronounced in temperate areas with broad annual temperature range, and located in the Northern Hemisphere. Results indicate that efforts to restore seasonal dynamics in habitats and resources should be made in urban areas of temperate regions.
Couple and family therapy for substance use disorders: Evidence‐based update 2010–2019
Authors: Hogue Aaron , Schumm Jeremiah A. , MacLean Alexandra , Bobek Molly 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article updates the evidence‐based on couple and family therapy interventions for substance use disorders (SUD) since publication of the previous JMFT reviews in 2012. It first summarizes previous reviews along with findings from more recent reviews and meta‐analytic studies. It then presents study design and methods criteria used to select 13 studies of couple and family therapy for level of support evaluation. Cumulative level of support designations are then determined for identified treatment approaches. Findings indicate that systemic family therapy is well‐established as a standalone treatment, and behavioral family therapy and behavioral couple therapy are probably efficacious as standalone treatments and well‐established as part of a multicomponent treatment. The article then suggests practice guidelines with regard to treatment modality considerations and implementation challenges. It concludes with future directions for delivering couple and family interventions in routine systems of care for SUD.
Associations between nutritional frailty and 8‐year all‐cause mortality in older adults: The Salus in Apulia Study
Authors: Zupo Roberta , Castellana Fabio , Guerra Vito , Donghia Rossella , Bortone Ilaria , Griseta Chiara , Lampignano Luisa , Dibello Vittorio , Lozupone Madia , Coelho‐Júnior Hélio José , Solfrizzi Vincenzo , Giannelli Gianluigi , De Pergola Giovanni , Boeing Heiner , Sardone Rodolfo , Panza Francesco 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionPreventive nutritional management of frailty, a multidimensional intermediate status in the ageing process, may reduce the risk of adverse health‐related outcomes. We investigated the ability of a measure combining physical frailty with nutritional imbalance, defined as nutritional frailty, to predict all‐cause mortality over a period of up to 8 years.MethodsWe analysed data on 1,943 older adults from the population‐based ‘Salus in Apulia Study’. Physical frailty was operationalized using Cardiovascular Health Study criteria and cognitive frailty by combining physical frailty with cognitive impairment. A novel five‐item construct was built to assess the extent of nutritional imbalance identified with a machine learning algorithm. Cox models and Kaplan–Meier survival probability analyses of physical frailty, nutritional imbalance (two or more of the following: low body mass index, low skeletal muscle index, ≥2.3 g/day sodium intake, <3.35 g/day potassium intake and <9.9 g/day iron intake), cognitive frailty and the novel nutritional frailty phenotype (physical frailty plus nutritional imbalance) were applied to assess all‐cause mortality risk, adjusted for age, sex, education and multimorbidity.ResultsThe overall prevalence of nutritional frailty was 4.52% (95% confidence interval, CI:3.55–5.44), being more frequent in males. Subjects with nutritional frailty were at higher risk for all‐cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR):2.31; 95%CI:1.41–3.79] than those with physical frailty (HR:1.45,95% CI:1.0–2.02), nutritional imbalance (HR:1.39; 95%CI:1.05–1.83) and cognitive frailty (HR:1.06; 95%CI:0.56–2.01).ConclusionsEfforts to identify, manage and prevent frailty should include the nutritional domain. The nutritional frailty phenotype may highlight major nutritional determinants that could drive survival and health trajectories in older adults.
The potential remedy of melatonin on osteoarthritis
Authors: Lu Ko‐Hsiu , Lu Peace Wun‐Ang , Lu Eric Wun‐Hao , Tang Chih‐Hsin , Su Shih‐Chi , Lin Chiao‐Wen , Yang Shun‐Fa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA), the most common arthritis worldwide, is a degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive cartilage breakdown, subchondral remodeling, and synovial inflammation. Although conventional pharmaceutical therapies aimed to prevent further cartilage loss and joint dysfunction, there are no ideal strategies that target the pathogenesis of OA. Melatonin exhibits a variety of regulatory properties by binding to specific receptors and downstream molecules and exerts a myriad of receptor‐independent actions via intracellular targets as a chondrocyte protector, an anti‐inflammation modulator, and a free radical scavenger. Melatonin also modulates cartilage regeneration and degradation by directly/indirectly regulating the expression of main circadian clock genes, such as transcriptional activators [brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator‐like protein (Bmal) and circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (Clock)], transcriptional repressors [period circadian regulator (Per)1/2, cryptochrome (Cry)1/2, and Dec2], and nuclear hormone receptors [Rev‐Erbs and retinoid acid‐related orphan receptors (Rors)]. Owing to its effects on cartilage homeostasis, we propose a potential role for melatonin in the prevention and therapy of OA via the modulation of circadian clock genes, mitigation of chondrocyte apoptosis, anti‐inflammatory activity, and scavenging of free radicals.
Strategic delegation and network externalities under export rivalry market
Authors: Choi Kangsik , Lee Ki‐Dong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the presence of network externalities, this study examines the endogenous delegation structure in an export rivalry market with import tariff under Bertrand competition. Contrast to previous works, we show that (i) with strong (weak) network externalities, choosing delegation for exporters is a dominant strategy, which implies the managerial delegation for output expansion (restriction) is socially desirable; (ii) with intermediate network externalities, the exporters choose no delegation in equilibrium; (iii) compared to no delegation, a smaller import tariff further increases both exporters incentives, consumer surplus and social welfare to choose delegation for output expansion unless the strength of network externalities is small; and (iv) hence, two contrasting prisoner’s dilemmas occur in the Bertrand competition when the network effect is medium‐sized.
Decline in telomere length with increasing age across nonhuman vertebrates: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Remot Florentin , Ronget Victor , Froy Hannah , Rey Benjamin , Gaillard Jean‐Michel , Nussey Daniel H. , Lemaitre Jean‐François 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe prediction that telomere length (TL) shortens with increasing age is a major element in considering the role of telomeres as a key player in evolution. While telomere attrition is found in humans both in vitro and in vivo, the increasing number of studies reporting diverse age‐specific patterns of TL challenges the hypothesis of a universal decline of TL with increasing age. Here, we performed a meta‐analysis to estimate the relationship between TL and age across 175 estimates encompassing 98 species of vertebrates. We found that, on average, TL does decline with increasing age during adulthood. However, this decline was weak and variable across vertebrate classes, and we also found evidence for a publication bias that might weaken our current evidence of decreasing TL with increasing age. We found no evidence for a faster decline in TL with increasing age when considering the juvenile stage (from birth to age at first reproduction) compared to the adult stage. Heterogeneity in TL ageing rates was explained by the method used to measure telomeres: detectable TL declines with increasing age were found only among studies using TRF with in‐gel hybridisation and qFISH methods, but not in studies using qPCR and Southern blot‐based TRF methods. While we confirmed that TL declines with increasing age in most adult vertebrates, our results identify an influence of telomere measurement methodology, which highlights the need to examine more thoroughly the effect of the method of measurement on TL estimates.
Formalising Star Clusters: Sonata Process and Breakthrough Function in the Adagio of Mahler's Tenth Symphony
Authors: LEE KELVIN H. F. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTThis article revisits the long‐standing issue of form in the Adagio of Mahler's Tenth Symphony (1910) in light of recent developments inFormenlehreand neo‐Riemannian theory. I consider the movement's sonata properties, as discerned by Kofi Agawu (1986) and Richard Kaplan (2005), by exploring the applicability of William E. Caplin's form‐functional theory (1998) and James Hepokoski and Warren Darcy's Sonata Theory (2006) in a post‐Wagnerian tonal environment, construed in terms of Richard Cohn's hexatonic systems (1999) and Julian Horton's model of orbital tonality (2018b). While the argument posits a hexatonically orientated conception of form based on what I theorise as hexatonic tension, special attention is given to the idea of breakthrough as an analytical and hermeneutic point of reorientation: conceived after Janet Schmalfeldt's concept of becoming (2011), the breakthrough initiates a retrospective reinterpretation of the Adagio's tonal universe and consequently turns its form into a diatonically orientated sonata form. The article thus explicates the formal function of breakthrough based on Adorno's aesthetic formulation, propounding a chromatically inflected model of sonata form in response to Seth Monahan's call for a novel framework for Mahler's late works (2011). Together they constitute a foundation of a theory of fin‐de‐siècle modernist symphonic sonata form.
The inability to belch syndrome: A study using concurrent high‐resolution manometry and impedance monitoring
Authors: Oude Nijhuis Renske A.B. , Snelleman Jurjaan A. , Oors Jac M. , Kessing Boudewijn F. , Heuveling Derrek A. , Schuitenmaker Jeroen M. , ten Cate Liesbeth , Smout Andreas J.P.M. , Bredenoord Albert J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionAlthough inability to belch has previously been linked to dysfunction of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES), its underlying pathogenesis remains unclear. Our aim was to study mechanisms underlying inability to belch and the effect of UES botulinum toxin (botox) injections in these patients.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled consecutive patients with symptoms of inability to belch. Patients underwent stationary high‐resolution impedance manometry (HRIM) with belch provocation and ambulatory 24‐h pH‐impedance monitoring before and 3 months after UES botox injection.ResultsEight patients (four males, age 18–37 years) were included. Complete and normal UES relaxation occurred in response to deglutition in all patients. A median number of 33(15–64) gastroesophageal gas reflux episodes were observed. Despite the subsequent increase in esophageal pressure (from −4.0 [−7.7–4.2] to 8 [3.3–16.1] mmHg; p < 0.012), none of the gastroesophageal gas reflux events resulted in UES relaxation. Periods of continuous high impedance levels, indicating air entrapment (median air presence time 10.5% [0–43]), were observed during 24‐h impedance monitoring. UES botox reduced UES basal pressure (from 95.7[41.2–154.0] to 29.2 [16.7–45.6] mmHg; p < 0.02) and restored belching capacity in all patients. As a result, esophageal air presence time decreased from 10.5% (0–43.4) to 0.7% (0.1–18.6; p < 0.02) and esophageal symptoms improved in all patients (VAS 6.0 [1.0–7.9] to 1.0 [0.0–2.5]; p < 0.012).ConclusionThe results of this study underpin the existence of a syndrome characterized by an inability to belch and support the hypothesis that ineffective UES relaxation, with subsequent esophageal air entrapment, may lead to esophageal symptoms.
Language competition on lattices
Authors: Kapitula Todd , Kevrekidis Panayotis G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe consider a language dynamics ODE model for two languages on a square lattice. The model is an extension of the one popularized by Abrams and Strogatz. In our study, we are interested in the existence and spectral stability of structures such as stripes, which are realized through pulses and/or the concatenation of fronts, and spots, which are a contiguous collection of sites in which one language is dominant. Because the coupling between adjacent sites is nonlinear, the transition between regions speaking two different languages is super‐exponential. The full dynamics are considered as a function of the prestige of a language. It is seen that as the prestige varies, it allows for a language to spread through the lattice, or conversely for its demise. Although most of the work is done assuming a square lattice, we briefly consider the problem on a triangle lattice to illustrate the robustness of the findings. We conclude by looking at the existence and spectral stability of fronts and pulses for an associated continuum PDE model. In this model, the super‐exponential decay associated with the lattice model is reflected in the existence of compactly supported structures (compactons).
The predictive values of a deliberative and a paternalistic attitude towards two situations of moral conflict: A study among Dutch nurse practitioners and physician assistants
Authors: Kuilman Luppo , Jansen Gerard J. , Mulder Laetitia B. , Roodbol Petrie F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn this study, we examined the predictive values of a moral deliberate and paternalistic attitude on the propensity of yielding to pressure. In these hypothesised positive and negative relationships, we further sought to ascertain whether moral disengagement plays a pivotal role when individuals deviate from ethical standards, rules and regulations when yielding to pressure.Aim(s)This study's primary aim was to assess the predictive value of a moral deliberative and paternalistic attitude for yielding to pressure when physician assistants (PAs) and nurse practitioners (NPs) face moral conflicts.MethodThis validation study was cross‐sectional and based on a convenience sample of Dutch PAs and NPs. The MSQ‐DELIB and MSQ‐PATER scales indicate a moral deliberate or paternalistic attitude. These scales were assumed to have a predictive value towards the degree of yielding to pressure by PAs and NPs. Yielding to pressure was measured by two vignettes in which respondents faced a moral conflict (vignette 1: prescribing unindicated antibiotics and vignette 2: discharging a difficult patient from the hospital).ResultsOnly moral deliberation was a significant predictor of yielding to pressure. That is, we found a positive effect in vignette 1 (in which the pressure came from the patient). In contrast, we found a negative relationship in vignette 2 (in which pressure went from the working environment). Paternalism did not affect yielding to pressure in either vignette.ConclusionThis study suggests that PAs and NPs having a moral deliberative attitude makes them receptive to pressure exerted by patients to break moral standards. On the other hand, they are more resilient against doing so when this pressure comes from different sources than the patient. Further research is needed to find more conclusive evidence for this differential effect.
Enterococcuspeptidoglycan remodeling promotes checkpoint inhibitor cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Griffin Matthew E. , Espinosa Juliel , Becker Jessica L. , Luo Ji-Dung , Carroll Thomas S. , Jha Jyoti K. , Fanger Gary R. , Hang Howard C. 
Published: August 2021

SagA promotes immunotherapy responseThe gut microbiome can influence the treatment outcome for cancer patients receiving PD-L1 immunotherapy, but the mechanisms underlying favorable responses are unclear. Griffinet al. found that a particular type of bacteria called enterococci enhance anti–PD-L1 immunotherapy in mice (see the Perspective by Ansaldo and Belkaid). The researchers show that enterococci secrete an enzyme called SagA that breaks down components of the bacterial cell wall. This process results in the release of muramyl peptide fragments, which in turn act as stimulatory molecules to promote signaling of the innate immune sensor protein NOD2 and improved immunotherapy responses. —PNK
Variability of the Spectrum of the Young Supernova Remnant G11.2-0.3
Authors: Ivanov V. P. , Ipatov A. V. , Rahimov I. A. , Andreeva T. S. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The spectrum of G11.2-0.3 has been refined by bringing the published intensity measurements to the “artificial moon” flux scale, and the dynamics of its changes on different time scales from 0.4 to more than ~50 years has been investigated. An increase in the fluxes of radio emission of G11.2-0.3 for ≥30 years at 3 cm $$ \leqslant \lambda \leqslant 375$$ cm with a frequency dependence was found: the average rate of changes decreases proportionally to $$\log(f)$$, and at frequencies $$f \geqslant 10$$ GHz, the increase gave way to a decrease. Measurements with the RT-32 radio telescope of the Svetloe observatory (IAA RAS) in 2013–2019 showed a decrease in fluxes of G11.2-0.3 against the background of rapid nonstationary changes with an average rate of ($$ - 5.4 \pm 6.6$$) %/year at a wavelength $$\lambda = 6.2$$cm and ($$ - 1.5 \pm 0.9)$$ %/year at $$\lambda = 3.5$$ cm. The stages of growth and decline of fluxes are separated by an epoch $$2016.9 \pm 0.6$$. The spectrum of G11.2-0.3 is the spectra sum of the shell and the plerion, with each of its parameters determined by the method developed for the 1972.5 epoch. The values of the spectral indices α1 of the shell and α2 of PWN are obtained: $$\alpha {{1}_{{1972}}} = 0.77$$ and $$\alpha {{2}_{{1972}}} = 0.251$$. The dynamics of radio emission from the remnant reflects the scenario of interaction between the shock wave and CSM. Possible reasons for evolutionary and non-stationary changes are discussed.
CBmeter study: protocol for assessing the predictive value of peripheral chemoreceptor overactivation for metabolic diseases
Authors: Lages Marlene , Carvalho Lucinda , Feijó Salvato , Vieira Alexandra , Fonseca-Pinto Rui , Guarino Maria Pedro 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionEarly screening of metabolic diseases is crucial since continued undiagnostic places an ever-increasing burden on healthcare systems. Recent studies suggest a link between overactivated carotid bodies (CB) and the genesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The non-invasive assessment of CB activity by measuring ventilatory, cardiac and metabolic responses to challenge tests may have predictive value for metabolic diseases; however, there are no commercially available devices that assess CB activity. The findings of the CBmeter study will clarify the role of the CBs in the genesis of—metabolic diseases and guide the development of new therapeutic approaches for early intervention in metabolic disturbances. Results may also contribute to patient classification and stratification for future CB modulatory interventions.MethodsThis is a non-randomised, multicentric, controlled clinical study. Forty participants (20 control and 20 diabetics) will be recruited from secondary and primary healthcare settings. The primary objective is to establish a new model of early diagnosis of metabolic diseases based on the respiratory and metabolic responses to transient 100% oxygen administration and ingestion of a standardised mixed meal.AnalysisRaw data acquired with the CBmeter will be endorsed against gold standard techniques for heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation and interstitial glucose quantification and analysed a multivariate analysis software developed specifically for the CBmeter study (CBview). Data will be analysed using clustering analysis and artificial intelligence methods based on unsupervised learning algorithms, to establish the predictive value of diabetes diagnosis.EthicsThe study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Leiria Hospital Centre. Patients will be asked for written informed consent and data will be coded to ensure the anonymity of data.DisseminationResults will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and relevant medical and health conferences.