bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Free‐Breathing Abdominal Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting Using a Pilot Tone Navigator
Authors: Huang Sherry S. , Boyacioglu Rasim , Bolding Reid , MacAskill Christina , Chen Yong , Griswold Mark A. 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundQuantitative T1 and T2 mapping in the abdomen provides valuable information in tissue characterization but is technically challenging due to respiratory motions. The proposed technique integrates magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) and pilot tone (PT) navigator with retrospective gating to provide simultaneous quantification of multiple tissue properties in a single acquisition without breath‐holding or patient set‐up.PurposeTo develop a free‐breathing abdominal MRF technique for quantitative mapping in the abdomen.Study TypeProspective.PopulationTwelve healthy volunteers.Field Strength/SequenceA 3 T, two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) spiral MRF sequence with fast imaging with steady‐state free precession (FISP) readout.AssessmentThe PT navigator was compared to standard respiratory belt performance. The T1 and T2 values acquired using 2D and 3D MRF with and without PT were obtained in a phantom and compared to reference values. Digital phantom simulation was performed to evaluate PT MRF reconstruction with varying breathing patterns. In the in vivo studies, T1 and T2 values derived from PT 2D MRF were compared to 2D breath‐hold MRF. T1 and T2 values derived from PT 3D MRF were compared to published values.Statistical TestsPrincipal component analysis (PCA), linear regression, relative error, Pearson correlation, paired Student's t‐test, Bland–Altman Analysis.ResultsThe phantom study showed PT MRF T1 values had a mean difference of 0.2% ± 0.1%, and T2 values had a mean difference of 0.1% ± 0.4% when compared to no‐PT MRF values. The digital phantom experiment suggested the T1 and T2 maps at both end‐exhalation and end‐inhalation states resemble the corresponding ground‐truth maps.Data conclusionThe phantom study showed good agreement between MRF T1 and T2 values and with reference values. In vivo studies demonstrated that 2D and 3D quantitative imaging in the abdomen could be achieved with integration of PT navigation with MRF reconstruction using retrospective gating of respiratory motion.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 1
High‐involvement human resource practices and their impact on organizational ambidexterity: The mediating role of employees' ambidextrous behaviors
Authors: Al‐Agry Dina Farouk 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMany studies have shown that HR practices have a positive impact on organizational ambidexterity; however, few have examined both employees' motivation for ambidexterity together with their ability to achieve it, and even fewer have concentrated on organizations in the nonprofit sector. Drawing on the ability‐motivation‐opportunity framework, this study examines employees' ambidextrous behaviors as mediator between high‐involvement HR practices and organizational ambidexterity. It addresses the lack of in‐depth insights by examining ambidexterity at both the individual and the firm level, and addresses the lack of focus on nonprofit organizations by undertaking the study in a leading nonprofit hospital in Egypt. Based on a sample of 130 healthcare personnel, the results show that a “bundle” of high‐involvement HR practices is positively related to organizational ambidexterity, and that employees' ambidextrous behaviors mediate the relationship between high‐involvement HR practices and organizational ambidexterity. The results also highlight the value of high‐involvement HR practices in encouraging employees' ambidextrous behavior through staffing, teamwork, and workgroup training, thus helping the organization to achieve ambidexterity.
Malaco temperature reconstructions and numerical simulation of environmental conditions in the southeastern Carpathian Basin during the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Ludwig Patrick , Gavrilov Milivoj B. , Radaković Milica G. , Marković Slobodan B. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTWe investigate the glacial climate conditions in the southeastern Carpathian Basin (Vojvodina, Serbia) based on the reconstruction of malacological palaeotemperatures and results from a high‐resolution regional climate simulation. Land snail assemblages from eight loess profiles are used to reconstruct July temperatures during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The malacological reconstructed temperatures are in good agreement with the simulated LGM July temperatures by the Weather Research and Forecast model. Both methods indicate increasing temperatures from the northwestern towards the southeastern parts of the study area. LGM aridity indices calculated based on the regional climate model data suggest more arid conditions in the southeastern parts compared with more humid conditions in the northwestern parts. However, for present‐day conditions, the moisture gradient is reversed, exhibiting more humid (arid) conditions in the southeast (northwest). An explanation for the reversed LGM aridity pattern is provided by an analysis of the prevailing wind directions over the South Banat district (Serbia). The prevailing moist northwesterly winds during summer are not able to compensate for the annual lack of moisture induced by the dry winds from the southeast that are more frequent during the LGM for the other seasons.
Enigmatic Near‐Extirpation in a Boreal Toad Metapopulation in Northwestern Montana
Authors: McCaffery Rebecca , Russell Robin E. , Hossack Blake R. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTNorth America's protected lands harbor biodiversity and provide habitats where species threatened by a variety of stressors in other environments can thrive. Yet disease, climate change, and other threats are not limited by land management boundaries and can interact with conditions within protected landscapes to affect sensitive populations. We examined the population dynamics of a boreal toad (Anaxyrus boreas boreas) metapopulation at a wildlife refuge in northwestern Montana, USA, over a 16‐year period (2003–2018). We used robust design capture‐recapture models to estimate male population size, recruitment, and apparent survival over time and in relation to the amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis). We estimated female population size in years with sufficient captures. Finally, we examined trends in male and female toad body size and condition. We found no evidence of an effect of disease or time on male toad survival but detected a strong negative trend in recruitment of new males to the population. Estimates of male and female abundance decreased over time. Body size of males and females was inversely related to estimated population size, consistent with reduced recruitment to replace adults, but body condition of adult males was only weakly associated with abundance. Together, these results describe the demography of a near‐extirpation event, and point to dramatic decreases in the recruitment of new individuals to the breeding population as the cause of this decline. We surmise that processes related to the restoration of historical hydrology within the refuge adversely affected amphibian breeding habitat, and that these changes interacted with disease, life history, and other factors to restrict the recruitment of new individuals to the breeding population over time. Our results point to challenges in understanding and predicting factors that influence population change and highlight that current metrics for assessing population status can have limited predictive ability. Published 2021. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Implication of the New AJCC pT Classification of SCC of the Lip Comparing With Other Oral Subsites
Authors: Toledo Loic Monginet , de Oliveira Adriana Santos , Pinheiro Renan Aguera , Leite Ana Kober Nogueira , de Mello Evandro Sobroza , Moyses Raquel Ajub , Kulcsar Marco Aurelio V. , Dedivitis Rogério Aparecido , Kowalski Luiz Paulo , Matos Leandro Luongo 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo determine the implication of the new AJCC staging system for pT classification in a cohort of patients with SCC of the lip mucosa and compare it to other oral cavity sites.MethodsRetrospective cohort of 744 patients treated between 2002 and 2017, by the Head and Neck Surgery Department of the University of Sao Paulo.ResultsOf 95 lip patients, 42 had pT upstage (58.1% of pT1 to pT2‐3 and 50% of pT2 to pT3). Similar DFS/OS observed for those pT1 maintained or upstaged to pT2‐3, pT2 patients upstaged to pT3 presented worse OS (49.4% versus 92.3%, P = .032). The comparison between lip and other mouth topographies, denoted better prognosis for pT1‐2, but not for pT3‐4a. Lip tumors had lower DOI, rates of perineural/angiolymphatic invasion, nodal metastasis, recurrence, and death.ConclusionThe inclusion of DOI to the new pT classification better stratifies patients with SCC of the lip mucosa upstaged to pT3 by assessing inferior OS.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:E2770–E2776, 2021
Pharmaceuticals targeting signaling pathways of endometriosis as potential new medical treatment: A review
Authors: Hung Sze Wan , Zhang Ruizhe , Tan Zhouyurong , Chung Jacqueline Pui Wah , Zhang Tao , Wang Chi Chiu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEndometriosis (EM) is defined as endometrial tissues found outside the uterus. Growth and development of endometriotic cells in ectopic sites can be promoted via multiple pathways, including MAPK/MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NF‐κB, Rho/ROCK, reactive oxidative stress, tumor necrosis factor, transforming growth factor‐β, Wnt/β‐catenin, vascular endothelial growth factor, estrogen, and cytokines. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms include proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, migration, invasion, fibrosis, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune escape. Current medical treatments for EM are mainly hormonal and symptomatic, and thus the development of new, effective, and safe pharmaceuticals targeting specific molecular and signaling pathways is needed. Here, we systematically reviewed the literature focused on pharmaceuticals that specifically target the molecular and signaling pathways involved in the pathophysiology of EM. Potential drug targets, their upstream and downstream molecules with key aberrant signaling, and the regulatory mechanisms promoting the growth and development of endometriotic cells and tissues were discussed. Hormonal pharmaceuticals, including melatonin, exerts proapoptotic via regulating matrix metallopeptidase activity while nonhormonal pharmaceutical sorafenib exerts antiproliferative effect via MAPK/ERK pathway and antiangiogenesis activity via VEGF/VEGFR pathway. N‐acetyl cysteine, curcumin, and ginsenoside exert antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects via radical scavenging activity. Natural products have high efficacy with minimal side effects; for example, resveratrol and epigallocatechin gallate have multiple targets and provide synergistic efficacy to resolve the complexity of the pathophysiology of EM, showing promising efficacy in treating EM. Although new medical treatments are currently being developed, more detailed pharmacological studies and large sample size clinical trials are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of these treatments in the near future.
Overwintering Distribution and Postspawn Survival of Steelhead in the Upper Columbia River Basin
Authors: Fuchs Nathaniel T. , Caudill Christopher C. , Murdoch Andrew R. , Truscott Benjamin L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Adult summer-run steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss overwinter in freshwater for several months prior to spawning. In systems supporting mixed populations of fisheries and conservation importance, understanding the distribution and survival of pre- and postspawn fish is necessary for informed management. The upper Columbia River supports hatchery-origin components valued by anglers, natural-origin components of conservation concern, and temporary strays from downstream populations. We used radiotelemetry and PIT telemetry to monitor the behavior, distribution, and survival of adult steelhead during fall, overwintering, spawning, and postspawn periods, with a focus on use of the main stem versus four major tributaries. Adult steelhead (N = 807) were tagged at Priest Rapids Dam in 2015 and 2016. One-fifth of steelhead fell back below Priest Rapids Dam and did not reascend. A slight majority of tagged steelhead that overwintered upstream of Priest Rapids Dam did so in main-stem reservoirs (54%; N = 548). Overwintering in the main-stem Columbia River was more likely for later-arriving steelhead and was concentrated in the upstream-most reservoir. Winter tributary use was highest in the Wenatchee (26%; 2016) and Methow (18%; 2015) rivers, whereas no steelhead overwintered in the Entiat River. Harvest of hatchery-origin steelhead was 18% in 2015 and was near zero in 2016, when the fishery was suspended due to low adult returns. After accounting for reported harvest, annual overwinter survival did not differ between main-stem and tributary habitats, and relatively low adjusted survival of hatchery-origin steelhead in 2015 suggested unreported harvest. In contrast to low iteroparity rates (&lt;3%), the majority of postspawn steelhead (56.5%) exited tributaries as kelts; kelt survival to Bonneville Dam was 65% in 2016 and 23% in 2017. Collectively, the results highlight the importance of understanding patterns of habitat use and mortality in steelhead populations when managers are faced with balancing harvest and conservation goals.
Four‐Year Behavioral, Health‐Related Quality of Life, and BMI Outcomes from a Cluster Randomized Whole of Systems Trial of Prevention Strategies for Childhood Obesity
Authors: Allender Steven , Orellana Liliana , Crooks Nic , Bolton Kristy A. , Fraser Penny , Brown Andrew Dwight , Le Ha , Lowe Janette , de la Haye Kayla , Millar Lynne , Moodie Marjorie , Swinburn Boyd , Bell Colin , Strugnell Claudia 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveThis study aimed to test the effectiveness of the Whole of Systems Trial of Prevention Strategies for Childhood Obesity (WHO STOPS Childhood Obesity) for behavioral, health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), and BMI outcomes.MethodsThis was a cluster randomized trial of 10 communities randomly allocated (1:1) to start intervention in 2015 (step 1) or in 2019 (after 4 years) in South West Victoria, Australia. Data were collected from participating primary schools in April to June of 2015 (73% school participation rate), 2017 (69%), and 2019 (63%). Student participation rates were 80% in 2015 (1,792/2,516 invited), 81% in 2017 (2,411/2,963), and 79% in 2019 (2,177/2,720). Repeat cross‐sectional analyses of measured height and weight (grades two, four, and six [aged approximately 7 to 12 years]), self‐reported behavior, and HRQoL (grades four and six) were conducted.ResultsThere was an intervention by time interaction in BMI z scores (P = 0.031) and obesity/overweight prevalence (P = 0.006). BMI z score and overweight/obesity prevalence decreased between 2015 and 2017 and increased between 2017 and 2019 in intervention communities. The intervention significantly reduced takeaway food consumption (P = 0.034) and improved physical (P = 0.019), psychosocial (P = 0.026), and global (P = 0.012) HRQoL. Water consumption increased among girls (P = 0.033) in the intervention communities, as did energy‐dense, nutrient‐poor snack consumption among boys (P = 0.006).ConclusionsWHO STOPS had a positive impact on takeaway food intake and HRQoL.
Statin (mis)use in older people: A cross‐sectional study using French health insurance databases
Authors: Borne Emilie , Meyer Nicolas , Blanchard Odile , Lombard Martial , Vogel Thomas , Lang Pierre‐Olivier , Michel Bruno 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeTo describe the occurrence of potential statin misuse, its characteristics and associated factors in older people.MethodsA retrospective cross‐sectional study was conducted in Alsace and Lorraine (France) using French health insurance databases. Study population comprised community‐dwelling patients and nursing homes residents aged 80 and over, who received at least one statin prescription between January 1, 2017 to April 30, 2017 (N = 38 268). Potential statin misuse was identified considering off‐label uses, high‐intensity doses, drug contraindications and statin‐drug interactions.ResultsAt least one potential statin misuse was detected for 19 468 patients (50.9%). Off‐label prescription was the most frequent misuse observed (53.6%), followed by high‐intensity statin dose (30.5%). Polypharmacy (five to nine drugs) and excessive polypharmacy (10 or more drugs) were the main risk factors associated with potential statin misuse (adjusted OR = 2.6 and 4.7 respectively). Nursing home, multi‐morbidity and the presence of multiple prescriptions from different doctors for the same patient were other risk factors significantly associated. Two sensitivity analyzes (reconsiderations of off‐label and high statin dose definitions) revealed the same statistical trend.ConclusionPotential statin misuse is frequent in people aged 80 and over. These findings should serve as a warning to health care professionals and hopefully will contribute to ensure an appropriate and safe use of statin in aged population.
To appeal and amend: Changes to recently updated Flood Insurance Rate Maps
Authors: Lea Devin , Pralle Sarah 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFlood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) are produced for the National Flood Insurance Program to depict and manage flood hazard in the United States. While past research has portrayed FIRMs as static maps, property residents and community representatives can propose changes to flood zones on FIRMs. These changes add and remove buildings from flood zones on FIRMs, which raises an important question: are there discernable trends or patterns in these alterations to FIRMs? We use Geographic Information Systems FIRM layers and building footprints to quantify the number of buildings moved in and out of the Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) for recently updated FIRMs. Our analysis of building additions and removals from SFHAs at county and census tract scales shows there has been a net change of over 20,000 buildings removed from these SFHAs between preliminary and present FIRM iterations. We also find that SFHAs are more frequently altered in places where median home values are higher, buildings are newer, and percentage of white populations are higher. These findings suggest changes to flood zones on FIRMs occur more often where people have greater socioeconomic means, raising questions of equity for future FIRM appeals and revisions.
Improving the efficiency and accuracy of evaluating aridland riparian habitat restoration using unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Gómez‐Sapiens Martha , Schlatter Karen J. , Meléndez Ángela , Hernández‐López Deus , Salazar Helen , Kendy Eloise , Flessa Karl W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUnmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) offer new opportunities for accurate, repeatable vegetation assessments, which are needed to adaptively manage restored habitat. We used UAVs, ground surveys, and satellite imagery to evaluate vegetation metrics for three riparian restoration sites along the Colorado River in Mexico and we compared the data accuracy and efficiency (cost and time requirements) between the three methods. We used an off‐the‐shelf UAV coupled with a multispectral sensor to determine Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and vegetation cover. We were unable to accurately classify vegetation by individual species, but by grouping riparian species of interest (cottonwood‐willow, mesquite, shrubs), we achieved high overall model accuracies of 87–96% across sites (Kappa = 0.82–0.95). Producer’s and user’s accuracies were moderate to high for target vegetation classes (69–100%). UAV and ground‐survey vegetation percent cover differed due to differences in methodologies (UAVs measure aerial cover; ground surveys measure foliar cover) and sources of error for each method. Correlations between UAV and ground survey vegetation cover were moderate (rs(90) = 0.24–0.58, p < 0.05). UAV NDVI (0.50–0.61) was significantly higher than Landsat NDVI (0.40–0.45) for all sites (p < 0.0001), likely due to presence of shadows with high NDVI values in UAV imagery. UAV NDVI, Landsat NDVI and UAV total vegetation cover were strongly correlated (rs(90) = 0.72–0.85, p < 0.05). UAV surveys were more labor‐ and cost‐ intensive than ground surveys in the first year, but were slightly less so in the second year. We conclude that UAVs can provide efficient, accurate assessments of riparian vegetation, which can be used in restoration site management. Due to UAV limitations to assess vegetation in a multi‐layered canopy and inability to classify individual riparian species with similar spectral signals, we recommend a combined approach of UAV and ground surveys.
The great stagnation and environmental sustainability: A multidimensional perspective
Authors: Cantone Bernardo , Antonarakis Alexander S. , Antoniades Andreas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSince the 2008/09 Great Financial Crisis, we have witnessed a prolonged period of persistent global economic slowdown termed the “Great Stagnation”. This study examines how this “new normal” is associated with critical environmental dynamics (i.e., biodiversity, water, forest, agriculture, emissions) in areas and groups with different socio‐environmental characteristics (i.e., income groups, continents, forest cover, biome, environmental performance index). Mixed results are shown. For instance, we find a deterioration in terrestrial and marine biodiversity, especially in middle‐ and high‐income countries in Africa and Europe. This includes a reduction in the global fish stock, driven by countries in Africa. In contrast, the Great Stagnation is associated with reductions in PM2.5 (lower‐ and upper mid‐income countries), CH4 emissions (upper mid‐income countries and Europe), forest loss (upper mid‐income countries and Asia), and increases in species habitat index (across most groupings). Our evidence indicates that periods of economic slowdown, such as the great stagnation, on their own cannot ensure a transition to a sustainable socio‐environmental system and may be associated with significant negative environmental effects. Managing our transition to sustainability will require concerted policy efforts across multiple environmental domains, not only on carbon emissions, and during periods of both strong and weak economic growth rates.
Nasal hyperkeratosis in Griffon breeds: Clinical, histopathological features and the prevalence in the Swedish population compared to a control group and other brachycephalic breeds
Authors: Cikota Robert , Åberg Liselotte , Karlstam Erika , Shokrai Arman , Åhman Susanne 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn the Griffon breeds (GB) nasal hyperkeratosis is common and develops already in early adulthood. Breed‐related features and prevalence have not previously been documented.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo describe clinical and histopathological features of nasal hyperkeratosis in GB and to document the prevalence.Materials and methodsSeven GB dogs with nasal hyperkeratosis were examined. Three histopathological samples were analysed. Owners of 107 GB and 493 control dogs completed a questionnaire distributed via social media.ResultsTypical features of nasal hyperkeratosis in GB included varying degrees of dry, firm, excessive proliferation of keratin, affecting the dorsal or dorsolateral aspect of the planum nasale. Histopathology was characterized by severe, lamellar orthokeratotic and focal parakeratotic hyperkeratosis and multiple small serum lakes. Thirty‐four of 107 GB dogs (31.8%) and 65 of 493 (13.2%) control dogs had varying degree of nasal hyperkeratosis. No sex predisposition was noted. Median age of onset was 3 years for GB, similar to brachycephalic control dogs whereas non‐brachycephalic control dogs had a significantly later age of onset (p = 0.0053).Conclusions and clinical importanceIdiopathic nasal hyperkeratosis is very common in GB dogs and other brachycephalic breeds with nearly one third being affected, often already a young age.