bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Student-Led Curricular Approaches in Medical Education: The Value-Added Effects of a Virtual Fundamentals of COVID-19 Course
Authors: Chiu Megan Z. , Baker Joseph M. , Gomez Maritza , Brown Cameron M. , Brenner Abigail M. , Huang Christina C. , Ko Paul Y. , Bauer Margaret E. , Trujillo Daniel , Roll Rebekah L. , Gerena Rolando G. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background As the field of education was adapting to virtual learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, a need quickly emerged for a course to prepare medical students for future clinical practice. This call to action was answered by creating an innovative Fundamentals of COVID-19 course at the Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM). As a group of medical student leaders at IUSM, we developed this online course in order to support our fellow students and the community. The course was implemented in May 2020 and enrolled a total of 724 third- and fourth-year medical students. Subsequently, we carried out a research study about this student-led curricular approach and its implications for medical education. Methods The study examined the value-added educational effects of completing the Fundamentals of COVID-19 course. In order to examine these effects, the study asked enrolled students to complete both a pre- and post-course self-assessment survey. Students were asked an identical set of questions on each survey about their knowledge (7), skills (5), and abilities (5) (KSA) regarding COVID-19. Composite scores were created for each KSA learning domain. Responses were provided using a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree. Results Out of the 724 students enrolled, 645 students completed both the pre- and post-course assessment surveys. Findings show that there were both meaningful and statistically significant differences in students’ responses to the pre- and post-course surveys. Results show 1.) a significant mean increase in the knowledge composite score of 1.01, 95% CI [0.95, 1.06], t(644) = 36.4 , p <.001, d = 1.43; 2.) a significant mean increase in the skills composite score of .55, 95% CI [0.50, 0.60], t(644) = 20.70, p <.001, d = 0.81. and 3.) a significant mean increase of the abilities composite score of 1.02, 95% CI [.97, 1.07], t(644) = 36.56, p <.001, d = 1.44. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that the student-developed, online Fundamentals of COVID-19 course resulted in value-added educational effects. Overall, this study provides evidence to support virtually delivered, student-led curricular approaches in medical education.
Surface Chemistry Provoked Strategy to Develop Sustainable Latent Fingerprints Visualization and Multiple Anti-Counterfeiting Trajectory: Aggregation-Induced Emission Mechanism Based Active Conjugated Imidazole Luminogens
Authors: Ravindra M. K. , Darshan Giriyapura Prabhukumara , Lavanya D. R. , Mahadevan K. M. , Premkumar H. B. , Sharma S. C. , Adarsha H. , Nagabhushana H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission based organic heterocyclic luminogens bearing conjugated electronic structure have paid much attention due to its excellent fluorescence in aggregation state. In this communication, novel conjugated blue light emitting imidazole molecule is synthesized by one pot multicomponent reaction route is reported for the first time. The prepared molecule exhibits a strong fluorescence in aggregation state have gain much attention owing to their unique properties, namely simple synthesis, high purity, inexpensive, eco-friendly, large scale production, high photostability, etc. By considering these advantages of the prepared luminogen, a new fluorescence based platform has been setup for in-situ visualization of latent fingerprints and its preservation by spray method followed by Poly(vinyl alcohol) masking. A clear and well defined fluorescence fingerprint images on variety of surfaces by revealing level 1–3 ridge characteristics upon ultraviolet 365 nm light are noticed. The dual nature of binding specificity as well as excellent fluorescence properties permits the visualization of latent fingerprints for longer durations (up to 365 days) with superior contrast, sensitivity, efficiency, selectivity and negligible background hindrance. We further fabricated unclonable invisible security ink and make it highly suitable for various printing modes on valuable goods for protection against forging. The developed labels are displaying uniform distribution of ink and exceptional stability under various atmospheric environments. The development of long preservative forensic information as well as invisible ink opens new avenue in advanced forensic and data security applications.
Dissolution Behavior of Cellulose In The Binary Solvent of Polar Aprotic Solvent And TBAA
Authors: Lin Lianzhen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We have found that cellulose could be dissolved rapidly in the binary solvent of polar aprotic solvents (PAS) and tetrabutylammonium acetate (TBAA) in a high solubility. The polar aprotic solvents includes dimethyl sulfoxide, pyridine, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide and N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The factors affecting the dissolution behavior of cellulose was investigated and it is indicated that the solubility and dissolution rate of cellulose in the binary solvent are significantly dependent on the species of PAS and the molar ratio of PAS/TBAA. Among all the polar aprotic solvents, dimethyl sulfoxide is the best one, being attributed to its high diffusivity and strong solvation ability. The optimal molar ratio of PAS/TBAA was determined by donor number of the polar aprotic solvents. The dissolution of cellulose in the binary solvent was proposed to involve three processes, namely solvent diffusion, solvation of TBAA as well as disruption of the intermolecular or intramolecular hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) of cellulose.
High-resolution Simulations of Decadal Climate Variability Impacts on Spring and Winter Wheat Yields in the Missouri River Basin with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)
Authors: Mehta Vikram , Mendoza Katherin , Rosenberg Norman J. , Sriniva Raghavan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Missouri River Basin (MRB) encompasses one of the most important agricultural regions in the world. Three decadal climate variability (DCV) phenomena - the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), the tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) gradient variability (TAG), and the West Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP) variability – substantially influence hydro-meteorology and, consequently, spring and winter wheat yields in the MRB as indicated by data from 1961 to 2010. We applied the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to simulate DCV impacts on wheat yields in response to realistic values of the DCV indices in approximately 13,500 hydrologic unit areas covering the MRB. SWAT, driven by scenarios of past hydro-meteorological anomalies associated with positive and negative phases of the PDO and TAG, indicated major impacts on wheat yields, as much as ± 40% of the average in many locations, with smaller impacts of the WPWP variability. SWAT showed much larger wheat yield increases when the positive phase of the PDO and the negative phase of the TAG are superposed, and an equivalent decrease in yields when opposite phases of the two DCV phenomena are superposed. Thus, combined effects of DCV phenomena on wheat yields in the MRB can be dramatic with important consequences for food production and security. The usefulness of this inter-disciplinary study to farmers and other stakeholders for adapting MRB agriculture to DCV, and the applicability of the methodology to other agricultural regions are described. The results’ implications for detection and attribution of climatic change impacts are also described.
The Dynamics of the Vaginal Micro-Ecology During in Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer (IVF-ET) Cycles and its Impact on Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Tian Quan , Liu Yujie , Liu Jiane , Wu Jianru , Liu Jianxin , Tang Xiuming , Hu Weihong , Liu Xia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAbnormal reproductive tract flora may cause infertility, and it may play a key role in the success of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). The obvious short-term changes in estrogen caused by clinical protocols with IVF-ET provide a unique perspective for us to assess the vaginal flora, shifting hormonal condition and investigate the potential associations of the vaginal micro-ecology with cycle outcome of pregnancy. The Vaginal Micro-ecology Evaluation System (VMES) as a tool to analyze the vaginal microbiomes in most areas of China. This study aims to apply the VMES to evaluate the dynamics of vaginal micro-ecology during IVF-ET, and investigate the correlations between vaginal micro-ecology with pregnancy outcome.Methods　150 patients were enrolled who underwent early follicular phase prolonged protocol IVF-ET due to tubal factors. The VMES is used to evaluate vaginal microbiology indicators of vaginal swabs obtained in different hormonal milieu during the IVF-ET cycle. The pregnancy outcomes were observed, if pregnant.Results　In our data, the prevalence of bacterial vaginitis (BV) accounts for 3.3%. During IVF procedure, the vaginal microbiome varied across hormonal milieu in some but not all patients. The proportion of BV, and unidentified dysbiosis were increased significantly on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) administration. The vaginal micro-ecology on the day of HCG administration correlated with outcome (live birth / no live birth). The multivariable logistic regression model showed that the average age, the duration of infertility, and the vaginal micro-ecology after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) were associated with the live birth rate.ConclusionOur retrospective cohort study suggests that the VEMS has enabled discovery of unidentified dysbiosis shift in the vaginal micro-ecology during IVF-ET therapy. More importantly, the vaginal micro-ecology on the day of HCG administration was significantly associated with the live birth rate.
Dental care course and oral quality of life in patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia: a qualitative exploration
Authors: Friedlander Lisa , Nguyen Caroline , Celestin Elisabeth , Chambolle Delphine , Linglart Agnès , Duplan Martin Biosse , Chaussain Catherine 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background. X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a rare, hereditary, progressive, and lifelong phosphate wasting disorder characterized by pathological elevations in fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 serum concentration and activity. In the oral cavity, spontaneous abscesses can occur often without any clinical signs of alteration of the causal tooth. The objective of our study was to evaluate the readability of the oral care pathway and the oral quality of life of patients followed in an expert oral medicine department located within a Parisian hospital and working in close collaboration with an endocrinology department expert in this pathology. Methods. This study employed a qualitative descriptive design including semi-structured interviews using guiding themes. Results. Twenty-one patients were included in the study, with an average age of 28 years. The topics discussed exceeded the initial objectives as the patients largely addressed the alteration of their oral and general quality of life, a very chaotic oral health care pathway with oral health professionals not aware of their pathology, consequences on their social, professional, and school integration and access to care complicated by financial factors. Patients reported the importance of having a multidisciplinary team around them, including medical and dental professionals.Conclusions. The variety of manifestations in patients with XLH necessitates a high coordination of multidisciplinary patient care to optimize quality of life and reduce disease burden. Education of oral health professionals on this disease is essential to enable patients to receive the best possible care as early as possible.
Integrated Proactive Drought Management in Hydrosystems and 2 Cities: Building a Nine-Step Participatory Planning Methodology
Authors: Filho Francisco de Assis Souza , Studart Ticiana Marinho de Carvalho , Filho Joao Dehon Pontes , Martins Eduardo Sávio Passos Rodrigues , Ayrimoraes Sérgio Rodrigues , Pessoa Carlos Alberto Perdigão , Rolim Larissa Zaira Rafael , Junior Luiz Martins de Araújo , Carvalho Taís Maria Nunes , de Aquino Sandra Helena Silva 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Drought is widely known as a complex natural hazard, not just by its climatological features but also by human experiences and socio-economical impacts. Drought preparedness is the only way a society can mitigate effects and better cope with droughts. Here we present a methodological approach to guide the implementation of proactive drought plans, specially designed for hydrossystems and cities scales. We highlight strategies to engage local stakeholders in constructing such plans and build a participatory methodology. The preparedness drought plan methodology was developed and applied to two hydrosystems and two cities located in the Piranhas-Açu river basin, a drought-prone area of Brazilian Semi-arid. Our findings suggest that participatory socio-technical methodologies, built only from the system operators' tacit knowledge, can achieve good results when data and resources are limited. Still, results can be enhanced by hydrologic and hydraulic modeling to assess vulnerability, scenarios and strategies. We illustrate and analyze the process by storytelling to develop a meaningful and convincing narrative that speaks to theory and practice, and we provide recommendations to facilitate this approach.
Listening to ultrasound from plants reveals xylem vessel anatomy
Authors: Dutta Satadal , Kaiser Elias , Matamoros Priscila , Steeneken Peter , Verbiest Gerard 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Plants emit ultrasound pulses under drought stress, which originate in their water-carrying xylem vessels, and can be recorded externally. We demonstrate that these ultrasound pulses consist of superposed damped oscillations at plant-specific frequencies in the range of 10 – 150 kHz, that are correlated to xylem dimensions. We present a method to relate geometrical and viscoelastic properties of xylem vessels with the time- and frequency-domain characteristics of the observed oscillations. We apply the method to ultrasound pulses from drying shoots of three vascular dicot plant species. The extracted parameters are validated with destructive measurements of xylem vessel radii, wall thickness, length of xylem vessel elements, and the elastic modulus of the vascular bundle by optical and scanning cryo-electron microscopy and tensile loading. Our method demonstrates the potential for non-invasive and continuous monitoring of plant vascular anatomy. We foresee applications in high-throughput phenotyping and early detection of vascular wilt diseases.
The Nexus Between Financial Development and Renewable Energy Consumption: A Review For Emerging Countries
Authors: SAYGIN OGUZ , İskenderoğlu Ömer 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The relationship between financial development and energy consumption is the most frequently research field in finance and economy. The main objective of carrying out this study is to answer that is there a relationship between financial development and renewable energy consumption in emerging countries? In many studies carried out in international literature, the empirical findings were pointing to the existence of this relationship. In order to examine the relationship between financial development and renewable energy consumption, a total of 20 emerging countries, benefited from annual frequency data between 1990 and 2015. The system GMM estimation was used as the method of study. As a result of the analysis performed indicates that financial development does not impact renewable energy consumption in emerging countries when financial development is measured using both banking and stock market variables. Additionally, it can be said that the financial development increases renewable energy consumption if it is measured by only stock market capitalization.
PPARγ and PGC-1α activators protect against diabetic nephropathy by suppressing the inflammation and NF-κB activation
Authors: Jin Yuanmeng , Zhang Liwen , Zhou Ying , Wang Weiming , Chen Nan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Inflammation played critical roles in the progression of various kidney diseases and leaded to irreversible kidney fibrosis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and its coactivator PPARγ coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) negatively regulated mitochondrial biogenesis, cellular energy metabolism, and inflammation. But the cooperative molecular mechanism of them in kidney remained unclear. The aim of present study was to investigate this issue.Methods: Human proximal tubular HK-2 cell line was stimulated by inflammatory factors, and the expression of PPARγ and its coregulators were determined via reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, and DNA binding capacity was measured by EMSA. Furthermore, db/db mice were used to establish a diabetic nephropathy model and administrated with PPARγ and PGC-1α activator. Kidney injury was evaluated microscopically, and inflammatory mechanism was assessed by western blotting.Results: Our results revealed that either TNF-α or IL-1b could significantly decreased PPARγ and PGC-1 expression in vitro. Cytokines also obviously inhibited PPARγ DNA binding activities. Meanwhile, we detected rapid activation of NF-κB pathway under the same experimental conditions. PPARγ and PGC-1α activators effectively protect against diabetic nephropathy and suppress NF-κB expression in db/db mice.Conclusions: PPARγ and its coactivator PGC-1α actively participated in the protection against renal inflammation through regulating NF-κB pathway, which highlighted a potential therapeutic target for renal diseases.
New Method of Determining Decision Making Unit Congestion under Inter-Temporal Dependence
Authors: Shahsavan Tahereh , Sanei masoud , Tohidi Ghasem , Lotfi Farhad Hosseinzadeh , Ghobadi Saeid 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Congestion is an important concept in data envelopment analysis (DEA). It occurs when the decrease of at least one decision making unit (DMU) input results in the increase of at least one output ineffective on other inputs or outputs. Until present, various methods have been discussed in terms of congestion determination in static DEA although no study has still been performed on congestion calculation in dynamic DEA under inter-temporal dependence. In this paper, congested input levels in multi-period production systems under inter-temporal dependence and further, the inter-temporal dependence of production periods due to the stock capital are studied. The advantage of dynamic DEA congestion method specification lies in the prevention of inappropriate resources allocation during evaluation periods. The validity of the proposed method has further been demonstrated via empirical example for better observation.
Percutaneous Endoscopic Transforaminal Discectomy with Foraminoplasty in the Treatment of L4-L5 and L5-S1 Disc Herniation: A Minimum 1-year Follow-up Study.
Authors: Jiang Haowei , Wang Yongli , Fang Tianshun , Nie Jiangbo , Jin Mingchao , Lu Qian , Jiang Xuesheng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

The anatomic and biomechanical aspects of the L5-S1 level present unique operative challenges compared with the L4-L5 level. We aim to explore the clinical outcomes and radiographic measurements of L4-L5 patients compared with L5-S1 patients after undergoing Percutaneous Endoscopic Transforaminal Discectomy with Foraminoplasty (PETDF).
Methods

A total of 84 patients who underwent PETDF for LDH treatment between January 2017 and June 2020 were included in this study. Preoperative, perioperative, demographic data, clinical and radiographic outcomes were compared between patients with L4-L5 involvement and patients with L5-S1 involvement.
Results

There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of Age, Gender, Follow-up time, the postoperative questionnaire results (Visual Analog Scale [leg], VAS [lower back], and Oswestry Disability Index) or the Excellence and Good Rate and Recurrence Rate. There was no significant difference in the mean preoperative to postoperative change in Intervertebral Space Height (ISH), Intervertebral Space Angle (ISA), Lumbar Lordosis, Foraminal Area (FA) of Operating Side and FA of Contralateral Side between the 2 groups. The mean VAS of Leg Pain, VAS of Lower Back Pain and ODI postoperative scores were significantly improved over the preoperative scores in each of the two groups and the ISH, ISA, FA of Operating Side and FA of Contralateral Side postoperative were significant difference form preoperative
Conclusion

PETDF is an effective and safe treatment approach for lumbar disc herniation in both L4/L5 and L5/S1 level. Although it may increase lumbar ISA and result in low CFA (contralateral foraminal area) and ISH.
Seroimmunity status to Measles-Mumps-Rubella-Varicella-Pertussis- Diphtheria -Tetanus among Students Accepted to Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, North of Iran, 2018-2019: Planning for Prevetive Method.
Authors: Saffar Hana , Mousavi Sayed Jaber , Saffar Hiva , Shiraj Hanieh , Mohammed-Jafar Saffar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background. Healthcare sciences students(HSS)are at the higher risk of exposure to several infections during training. The most important are measles, mumps, varicella, pertussis and influenza, that are transmitted easily via respiratory routes. These infections are vaccine preventable, and commonly are more complicated while develop during adulthood. Confirming immunity before training are recommended, however, adherence to the policy is not satisfactory universally. To evaluate immunity status, and to determine the most appropriate approach to provide full protection against these infections, this study was designed. Methods. A cross-sectional study among newly accepted HSS was conducted. Their past vaccination status, and medical history of compatible clinical diseases were sought by personal interview and self-administered questionnaire. Sera specific IgG antibodies to these infections were measured using ELISA. The relative proportion of seroimmune students were calculated. The correlation between past clinical diseases and their immune status particularly among those who showed no history of earlier vaccination were determined. The most appropriate policy to provide full protection was determined. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods as appropriate. Results. Overall, 242 students with mean age 23.9 years, 59% female were participated. All HSS declared that they had been vaccinated according to the national immunization program. Among them 188 students with additional dose of measles- rubella (MR), and 54 by measles- mumps- rubella (MMR) vaccines were re-vaccinated.Overall seropositivity rates were as: measles-80.1%, mumps-64%, rubella-93.4%, varicella-78.5%, pertussis-46.5%, diphtheria-87.3%, and tetanus-87.2%. There were not significant differences between two groups of HSS; MR vs MMR re-vaccinated students. The most cost-benefits strategy to provide immunity against MMR agents were universal vaccination. Conclusion. Nearly 63%of HSS were susceptible to MMR viruses, and universal MMR vaccination of the students just before training was the most appropriate policy to provide immunity. Efforts should be made to incorporate adult-type acellular pertussis vaccine to diphtheria- tetanus toxoids to and varicella vaccine provide protection against these agents.