bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classification and specific primer design for accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 using deep learning
Authors: Lopez-Rincon Alejandro , Tonda Alberto , Mendoza-Maldonado Lucero , Mulders Daphne G. J. C. , Molenkamp Richard , Perez-Romero Carmina A. , Claassen Eric , Garssen Johan , Kraneveld Aletta D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, deep learning is coupled with explainable artificial intelligence techniques for the discovery of representative genomic sequences in SARS-CoV-2. A convolutional neural network classifier is first trained on 553 sequences from the National Genomics Data Center repository, separating the genome of different virus strains from the Coronavirus family with 98.73% accuracy. The network’s behavior is then analyzed, to discover sequences used by the model to identify SARS-CoV-2, ultimately uncovering sequences exclusive to it. The discovered sequences are validated on samples from the National Center for Biotechnology Information and Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data repositories, and are proven to be able to separate SARS-CoV-2 from different virus strains with near-perfect accuracy. Next, one of the sequences is selected to generate a primer set, and tested against other state-of-the-art primer sets, obtaining competitive results. Finally, the primer is synthesized and tested on patient samples (n = 6 previously tested positive), delivering a sensitivity similar to routine diagnostic methods, and 100% specificity. The proposed methodology has a substantial added value over existing methods, as it is able to both automatically identify promising primer sets for a virus from a limited amount of data, and deliver effective results in a minimal amount of time. Considering the possibility of future pandemics, these characteristics are invaluable to promptly create specific detection methods for diagnostics.
Physiological responses of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) juveniles fed on full-fat insect-based diet in an aquaponic system
Authors: Zarantoniello Matteo , Randazzo Basilio , Nozzi Valentina , Truzzi Cristina , Giorgini Elisabetta , Cardinaletti Gloriana , Freddi Lorenzo , Ratti Stefano , Girolametti Federico , Osimani Andrea , Notarstefano Valentina , Milanović Vesna , Riolo Paola , Isidoro Nunzio , Tulli Francesca , Gioacchini Giorgia , Olivotto Ike 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOver the last years, the potential use of Black Soldier Fly meal (BSF) as a new and sustainable aquafeed ingredient has been largely explored in several fish species. However, only fragmentary information is available about the use of BSF meal-based diets in sturgeon nutrition. In consideration of a circular economy concept and a more sustainable aquaculture development, the present research represents the first comprehensive multidisciplinary study on the physiological effects of a BSF diet during sturgeon culture in an aquaponic system. Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) juveniles were fed over a 60-days feeding trial on a control diet (Hi0) and a diet containing 50% of full-fat BSF meal respect to fish meal (Hi50). Physiological responses of fish were investigated using several analytical approaches, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, histology, Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), microbiome sequencing and Real-time PCR. While aquaponic systems performed optimally during the trial, Hi50 group fish showed lower diet acceptance that resulted in growth and survival reduction, a decrease in hepatic lipids and glycogen content (FTIR), a higher hepatic hsp70.1 gene expression and a worsening in gut histological morphometric parameters. The low feed acceptance showed by Hi50 group sturgeon highlighted the necessity to improve the palatability of BSF-based diet designed for sturgeon culture.
Identification of ancestry proportions in admixed groups across the Americas using clinical pharmacogenomic SNP panels
Authors: Debortoli Guilherme , de Araujo Gilderlanio Santana , Fortes-Lima Cesar , Parra Esteban J. , Suarez-Kurtz Guilherme 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe evaluated the performance of three PGx panels to estimate biogeographical ancestry: the DMET panel, and the VIP and Preemptive PGx panels described in the literature. Our analysis indicate that the three panels capture quite well the individual variation in admixture proportions observed in recently admixed populations throughout the Americas, with the Preemptive PGx and DMET panels performing better than the VIP panel. We show that these panels provide reliable information about biogeographic ancestry and can be used to guide the implementation of PGx clinical decision-support (CDS) tools. We also report that using these panels it is possible to control for the effects of population stratification in association studies in recently admixed populations, as exemplified with a warfarin dosing GWA study in a sample from Brazil.
Use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in postpartum patients with refractory shock or respiratory failure
Authors: Ko Ryoung-Eun , Chung Chi Ryang , Yang Jeong Hoon , Jeon Kyeongman , Suh Gee Young , Oh Soo-young , Choi Suk-Joo , Yang Ji-Hyuk , Sung Kiick , Cho Yang Hyun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlthough extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is increasingly utilized, only a limited level of experience has been reported in postpartum cardiopulmonary failure. Ten critically ill postpartum patients who received ECMO were included between January 2010 and December 2018 in this retrospective observational study. The main indication for ECMO support was peripartum cardiomyopathy (n = 5), followed by postpartum hemorrhage (n = 2). Nine patients initially received veno-arterial ECMO, and one patient received veno-venous ECMO. Major bleeding occurred in six patients. The median number of units of red blood cells (RBC) transfused during ECMO was 14.5 units (interquartile range 6.8–37.8 units), and most RBC transfusions occurred on the first day of ECMO. The survival-to-discharge rate was 80%. Compared to the survival outcomes in female patients of similar age who received ECMO, the survival outcomes were significantly better in the study population (56% versus 80%, P = 0.0004). Despite the high risk of major bleeding, ECMO for patients with postpartum cardiac or respiratory failure showed excellent survival outcomes. ECMO is feasible in these patients and can be carried out with good outcomes in an experienced centre.
Evaluation of nutritional and elemental compositions of green and red cultivars of roselle: Hibiscus sabdariffa L.
Authors: Salami Serifat Olatundun , Afolayan Anthony Jide 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRoselle—Hibiscus sabdariffa L. leaves at different stages of growth, calyces and seeds were analyzed for nutritional and anti-nutritional factors. All the treatments contained a good but varied proportion of carbohydrate in a range of 26.93–54.13%, crude protein from 5.7 to 27.06%, crude fat 1.16–13.09%, crude fibre 15.75–36.10%, energy 631.36–1065 kJ, ash 6.08–13.74% and moisture content 6.00–9.7%. The vitamins A, C and E were also found to be present in all the treatments in a different but substantial amount. The calcium, magnesium and iron contents in all the treatments were higher than the recommended daily allowance of 1250, 350, and 15 mg for adults, while the phosphorus and sodium values in all the treatments were below 1000 and 1500 mg RDA for adults. However, the Na + /K + for all the treatments were lower than 1. The values of anti-nutrients in the samples were small except post-flowering red which had high phytate content of 21.02%, although this can be easily reduced during processes like boiling and cooking. Thus, both cultivars of roselle contain high nutritional, elemental, and vitamins compositions and small content of anti-nutrients.
Reconstructing GRACE-type time-variable gravity from the Swarm satellites
Authors: Richter H. Maja P. , Lück Christina , Klos Anna , Sideris Michael G. , Rangelova Elena , Kusche Jürgen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission has enabled mass changes and transports in the hydrosphere, cryosphere and oceans to be quantified with unprecedented resolution. However, while this legacy is currently being continued with the GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) mission there is a gap of 11 months between the end of GRACE and the start of GRACE-FO which must be addressed. Here we bridge the gap by combining time-variable, low-resolution gravity models derived from European Space Agency’s Swarm satellites with the dominating spatial modes of mass variability obtained from GRACE. We show that the noise inherent in unconstrained Swarm gravity solutions is greatly reduced, that basin averages can have root mean square errors reduced to the order of $$\text {cm}$$
cm
of equivalent water height, and that useful information can be retrieved for basins as small as $$1000 \times 1000\,\hbox {km}$$

1000
×
1000

km

. It is found that Swarm data contains sufficient information to inform the leading three global mass modes found in GRACE at the least. By comparing monthly reconstructed maps to GRACE data from December 2013 to June 2017, we suggest the uncertainty of these maps to be $$2{-}3\,\text {cm}$$

2
-
3

cm

of equivalent water height.
Stable coherent mode-locking based on $$\pi$$ pulse formation in single-section lasers
Authors: Arkhipov Rostislav , Pakhomov Anton , Arkhipov Mikhail , Babushkin Ihar , Rosanov Nikolay 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHere we consider coherent mode-locking (CML) regimes in single-section cavity lasers, taking place for pulse durations less than atomic population and phase relaxation times, which arise due to coherent Rabi oscillations of the atomic inversion. Typically, CML is introduced for lasers with two sections, the gain and absorber ones. Here we show that, for certain combination of the cavity length and relaxation parameters, a very stable CML in a laser, containing only gain section, may arise. The mode-locking is unconditionally self-starting and appears due to balance of intra-pulse de-excitation and slow interpulse-scale pump-induced relaxation processes. We also discuss the scaling of the system to shorter pulse durations, showing a possibility of mode-locking for few-cycle pulses.
Cross-sectional anatomy, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging of the banded houndshark (Triakis scyllium)
Authors: Kim Sang Wha , Yuen Adams Hei Long , Poon Cherry Tsz Ching , Hwang Joon Oh , Lee Chang Jun , Oh Moon-Kwan , Kim Ki Tae , Kim Hyoun Joong , Giri Sib Sankar , Kim Sang Guen , Kwon Jun , Lee Sung Bin , Choi Min Cheol , Park Se Chang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDue to their important phylogenetic position among extant vertebrates, sharks are an invaluable group in evolutionary developmental biology studies. A thorough understanding of shark anatomy is essential to facilitate these studies and documentation of this iconic taxon. With the increasing availability of cross-sectional imaging techniques, the complicated anatomy of both cartilaginous and soft tissues can be analyzed non-invasively, quickly, and accurately. The aim of this study is to provide a detailed anatomical description of the normal banded houndshark (Triakis scyllium) using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) along with cryosection images. Three banded houndsharks were scanned using a 64-detector row spiral CT scanner and a 3 T MRI scanner. All images were digitally stored and assessed using open-source Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine viewer software in the transverse, sagittal, and dorsal dimensions. The banded houndshark cadavers were then cryosectioned at approximately 1-cm intervals. Corresponding transverse cryosection images were chosen to identify the best anatomical correlations for transverse CT and MRI images. The resulting images provided excellent detail of the major anatomical structures of the banded houndshark. The illustrations in the present study could be considered as a useful reference for interpretation of normal and pathological imaging studies of sharks.
Measurement and evaluation of specific absorption rate and temperature elevation caused by an artificial hip joint during MRI scanning
Authors: Seo Youngseob , Wang Zhiyue J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA primary safety concern in a magnetic resonance imaging environment is heating of metallic implants by absorbing radiofrequency (RF) energy during MRI scanning. Experimental measurement in conjunction with computational modeling was used to evaluate the risk of biological tissue injury from the RF heating of artificial hip joints by obtaining both specific absorption rate (SAR) and temperature elevation at 1.5 T and 3 T MRI systems. Simulation result showed that high SAR and high temperature appeared near both head and tail sections of the artificial hip joints. For five different 1.5 T and 3 T MRI systems, measured temperature location showed that high temperature rises occurred near both head and tail regions of the metallic hip joints. Measured SAR value of 24.6 W/kg and the high temperature rise (= 4.22 °C) occurred in the tail region of the hip joint at 1.5 T, which was higher than the limits for temperature required by the international electrotechnical commission 60601-2-33. We have demonstrated the feasibility of evaluating RF heating of metallic hip joints during MRI scans.
Group size and aquatic vegetation modulates male preferences for female shoals in wild zebrafish, Danio rerio
Authors: Ghoshal Aditya , Bhat Anuradha 
Published: January 2021

AbstractShoaling decisions in the wild are determined by a combination of innate preferences of the individual along with the interplay of multiple ecological factors. In their natural habitat as well as in the laboratory, zebrafish is a shoaling fish. Here, we investigate the role of group size and associated vegetation in shaping shoaling preferences of wild male zebrafish. We studied the association preference of males to groups of female shoals in a multi-choice test design. We found that males made greater proportion of visits to an 8-female group compared to 2 and 4-female groups. However, males spent similar proportions of time across the three female-containing groups. When artificial vegetation was incorporated along with female number as an additional factor, we found that males prefer high and moderately vegetated patches compared to low or no-vegetation groups, irrespective of the number of females in these patches. Based on experiments using a novel multi-choice design, our results show that preference for group size can change due to interaction of two separate factors. This work is a first attempt to understand the role of aquatic flora in determining shoaling preferences in zebrafish, using an experimental paradigm consisting of a gradation in female and vegetation densities.
Contact residue contributions to interaction energies between SARS-CoV-1 spike proteins and human ACE2 receptors
Authors: Rodriguez Jorge H. , Gupta Akshita 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSeveral viruses of the corona family interact, via their spike (S) proteins, with human cellular receptors. Spike proteins of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 virions, being structurally related but not identical, mediate attachment to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) receptor in similar but non-identical ways. Molecular-level understanding of interactions between spike proteins and hACE2 can aid strategies for blocking attachment of SARS-CoV-1, a potentially reemerging health threat, to human cells. We have identified dominant molecular-level interactions, some attractive and some repulsive, between the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-1 spike proteins (S-RBD) and hACE2. We performed fragment-based quantum-biochemical calculations which directly relate biomolecular structure to the hACE2...S-RBD interaction energy. Consistent with X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM, the interaction energy between hACE2 and S-RBD ($$\approx -$$

≈
-

26 kcal/mol) corresponds to a net intermolecular attraction which is significantly enhanced by inclusion of dispersion van der Waals forces. Protein fragments at the hACE2...S-RBD interface, that dominate host-virus attraction, have been identified together with their constituent amino acid residues. Two hACE2 fragments which include residues (GLU37, ASP38, TYR41, GLN42) and (GLU329, LYS353, GLY354), respectively, as well as three S-RBD fragments which include residues (TYR436), (ARG426) and (THR487, GLY488, TYR491), respectively, have been identified as primary attractors at the hACE2...S-RBD interface.
The association between olfactory dysfunction and cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in middle-aged and older adults
Authors: Roh Daeyoung , Lee Dong-Hee , Kim Soo Whan , Kim Sung Won , Kim Byung-Guk , Kim Do Hyun , Shin Ji-Hyeon 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhile previous studies have reported olfactory dysfunction (OD) in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD), few population-based studies have investigated whether such associations differ by sex. The purpose of this study was to identify the association between CVD and its risk factors with OD, and the sex-associated differences within the general population. We examined 20,016 adults aged 40 and older from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. All subjects reported on their history of OD. CVD and its risk factors included coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, abdominal obesity, and hypertriglyceridemia; logistic regression was used to analyse their associations with OD, and additive interaction was used to analyse the interaction between risk factors and sex. In males, CAD was more likely to be associated with OD (odds ratio [OR] 1.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–3.14), whereas abdominal obesity was associated with OD in females (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.06–1.84).Additive interaction were observed between abdominal obesity and female sex with a relative excess risk of interaction of 0.45 (95% CI 0.26–0.63). Our findings suggest the relationship between OD and CVD and its risk factors and sex-associated differences among middle-aged and older adults.
First line treatment selection modifies disease course and long-term clinical outcomes in Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease
Authors: Fukushima Kiyoharu , Kitada Seigo , Komukai Sho , Kuge Tomoki , Matsuki Takanori , Kagawa Hiroyuki , Tsujino Kazuyuki , Miki Mari , Miki Keisuke , Kida Hiroshi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe combination of rifamycin (RFP), ethambutol (EB), and macrolides is currently the standard regimen for treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease (MAC-PD). However, poor adherence to the standardized regimens recommended by current guidelines have been reported. We undertook a single-centred retrospective cohort study to evaluate the long-term outcomes in 295 patients with MAC-PD following first line treatment with standard (RFP, EB, clarithromycin [CAM]) or alternative (EB and CAM with or without fluoroquinolones (FQs) or RFP, CAM, and FQs) regimens. In this cohort, 80.7% were treated with standard regimens and 19.3% were treated with alternative regimens. After heterogeneity was statistically corrected using propensity scores, outcomes were superior in patients treated with standard regimens. Furthermore, alternative regimens were significantly and independently associated with sputum non-conversion, treatment failure and emergence of CAM resistance. Multivariate cox regression analysis revealed that older age, male, old tuberculosis, diabetes mellitus, higher C-reactive protein, and cavity were positively associated with mortality, while higher body mass index and M. avium infection were negatively associated with mortality. These data suggest that, although different combination regimens are not associated with mortality, first line administration of a standard RFP + EB + macrolide regimen offers the best chance of preventing disease progression in MAC-PD patients.
Anchor selection by geometric dilution of precision for an indoor positioning system using ultra‐wide band technology
Authors: Albaidhani Abbas , Alsudani Ahlam 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn wireless localization systems, the performance enhancement of location estimation is an important goal. In recent years, different positioning systems using an ultra‐wide band (UWB) technology have been created, and always an evaluation metric to test such systems is needed for ensuring a suitable system for a specified application. Also, a non‐line‐of‐sight (NLOS) identification and mitigation method is needed usually when utilizing the UWB technology. The mean‐square‐error (MSE) and geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) evaluation metrics are widely implemented as standard for choosing a perfect system. In a harsh environment, a novel algorithm of indoor positioning (IP) system is presented using the UWB technology without implementing any NLOS identification and mitigation technique and the localization accuracy is evaluated online. The UWB is used to communicate a mobile station (M) with n anchor nodes distributed randomly and clustered by utilizing a combination method to create different groups, and then a conventional linearized least square (LLS) method is utilized by each group for locating M. A weighted GDOP metric is implemented online to assess the positioning accuracy of each group. Then, the group having the lowest positioning error among other groups is selected to relocate M using a proposed LLS, named modified LLS, for the selected group to enhance the positioning accuracy. The created system outperforms different IP systems in the market for the last decade in terms of time, complexity, and accuracy. The created IP system has a positioning error around 25 cm2 of MSE in a hard environment, which is less than those of different IP systems created recently in the market.
Globalization and its impact on Slovak economy during corona crisis
Authors: Hlawiczka Roman , Kollar Boris 
Published: January 2021

Research background:The presented article analysis major impacts of corona crisis on global and subsequently Slovak economy. It divides major impacts into several basic categories. These categories are presented in the methods part of the article. First of all, we analyze and discuss economic impacts, subsequently shocks in supply and demand and at last impacts of policies. These categories contain wide literature research in order to offer complex overview of the topic. The results and discussion part offers comparison of three important economic indicators. Namely gross domestic product, inflation rate and unemployment rate in periods before, during and shortly after the corona crisis. Some of the selected countries play major role in global economy – China, United States and European union. Other selected economies have the most direct impact on Slovak economy like Germany, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Austria. For complex overview, we also included results of Euro area and Italy as a country with the worst course of pandemic.Purpose of the article:Major purpose of presented article is description of major impacts of corona crisis on Global and Slovak economy. The need to shut down individual parts of economies and in some cases total lock down results in important damages. The article underlines these damages.Methods:Among the methods used in this article, the most important one have descriptively analytical character. We also used other methods of formal logic like analysis, graphic method, comparison and synthesis.Findings & Value added:Overview of the major corona crisis impacts on Slovak and global economy during corona crisis.