bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ergonomic assessment of work-related musculoskeletal disorder and its determinants among commercial mini bus drivers and driver assistants (mini bus conductors) in Nigeria
Authors: Ekechukwu Echezona Nelson Dominic , Useh Erobogha , Nna Obumneme Linky , Ekechukwu Nmachukwu Ifeoma , Obi Ogbonna Nnajiobi , Aguwa Emmanuel Nwabueze , Arinze-Onyia Sussan Uzoamaka , Abaraogu Ukachukwu Okaroafor , Utti Victor Adimabua 
Published: December 2021

Introduction
Work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WMSD) is a leading causes of occupational injury and disability among drivers and workers in the transport industry. This study evaluated the ergonomically assessed WMSD and its determinants among Nigerian commercial mini bus drivers (BD) and mini bus conductors (BC)

Method
A total of 379 participants (BD = 200, BC = 179) were purposively sampled for this exploratory cross-sectional study. Participants’ WMSD and work related variables were respectively assessed using the standardized Nordic questionnaire and a content-validated, Driving Work Station Assessment (DWSA) form. Data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using chi-square and logistic regression. The level of significance was set at α = 0.05.

Results
The participants were aged between 20 and 66 years, with a mean age of 33.26±10.76years (BD = 38.42±10.22years, BC = 27.50±8.13years); most of whom consumed alcohol (84.4%) and experienced severe job stress (73.4%). There was a high prevalence (95.8%; BD = 94.5%, BC = 97.8%) of WMSDs, the lower back (66.8%) and upper back (54.1%) had the highest regional prevalence of WMSD. The BC (BC vs BD) had significantly (p<0.05) higher prevalence of Neck (47.7% vs 21.5%) and upper back (80.4% vs 30.5%) WMSDs. Conversely, the BD (BD vs BC) had significantly (p<0.05) higher prevalence of low-back (85.0% vs 46.4%), knee (25.0% vs 9.5%), elbow (11.5% vs 3.9%), and wrist (10.5% vs 3.4%) WMSD. There was a significant association between WMSD and each of work duration (X2 = 11.634, p = 0.009), work frequency (X2 = 8.394, p = 0.039), job dissatisfaction (X2 = 10.620, p = 0.001) and job stress (X2 = 16.879, p = 0.001). Working beyond 4days/week (OR = 10.019, p = 0.001), job dissatisfaction (OR = 1.990, p = 0.031), constrained working postures (OR = 5.324, p = 0.003) and fatigue (OR = 4.719, p = 0.002) were the predictors of WMSD.

Conclusion
Job stress, work duration and work frequency, posture and fatigue are important determinants of WMSDs among mini bus drivers and their assistants in Nigeria. Ergonomics training intervention for this population is recommended.
„Ci, co pomarli, widzą nas, widzą nasze grzechy i nasze cierpienia”, czyli o Głosie z tamtego świata Stanisława Różewicza
Authors: Śmiałowski Piotr 
Published: December 2021

Stanisław Różewicz’s The voice from the other world is one of these masterpieces od polish cinematography, which draws inspiration from the authentic case: two fraudsters impersonate a doctor and quack medium. But at the same time Różewicz’s movie has become an artistic event showing the drama of frauders’ victims – people struggling with pain, loneliness and lack of hope. Formation of concept of The voice from the other world and the analysis of its following realization’s stages are the attempt to describe the essence of Stanisław Różewicz’s unique style and his sensitivity as a director.
Filmowa Łódź Jadwigi Andrzejewskiej
Authors: Włodek Roman 
Published: December 2021

Before WWII, Jadwiga Andrzejewska 1915–1977) was among the most popular actresses in Polish cinema. During WWII she acted in the Dramatic Theatre of the Polish Second Corps. Returning to her hometown Łódź in 1947 Andrzejewska was initially perceived by the Polish authorities as politically uncertain. Her notable theatrical roles included the heroine in A Woman of Wonder and the heroine in Mother Courage and Her Children. Although she lived in Łódź – a capital of Polish cinema – her film career languished after the war. She had bit parts in about thirty feature films (among them television films). Her biggest and most notable post-war role was in a political propaganda film produced for television, And if Will be Autumn…
W sprawie cyfrowej historii polskiego kina
Authors: Gierszewska Barbara Lena 
Published: December 2021

Digita l cinema history should support the conduct of free research, encourage authors to share the results of their findings and source discoveries. The problem is that Polish digital history of cinema on one hand is very poor (still a small part of sources and theoretical, historical and critical scientifi cachievements is available on-line), on the other hand, what has already appeared, is not representative because it omits largely the work of film studying authorities. For example, on the Internet you can find the views of researchers of the younger generation about the cultural history of the cinema in Polish context, including criticism of thesis described by scientifictycoons, but these are the texts that can be read only in paper publications. It begins to be, by the scientific standards, strange, because in the history of digital cinema leading roles are played by the young researchers, but without a clash of views with the authorities. The fact that on the net there are no statements concerning the scientifi cresearch given by the greatest experts of Polish cinema, who do not want to turn into a discussion with the young ones, causes the situation in which data to the history of Polish cinema digitally available are (so far) not always satisfying either as the aspect of cognition or the source.
Wyprawa do krainy prawdopodobieństwa – o dokumentach animowanych Marcina Podolca
Authors: Mąka-Malatyńska Katarzyna 
Published: December 2021

The article analyses two student short films by Marcin Podolec, Dokument and Olbrzym, which represent the animated documentary genre. In her analysis and interpretation of films, the author uses Annabelle Honess Roe’s methodology to research this phenomenon. She expands the definition of the animated documentary base on Roe’s work.
„Znane” i nieznane produkcje przedwojennego polskiego kina. Halka Konstantego Meglickiego i Sportowiec mimo woli Mieczysława Krawicza
Authors: Pieńkowski Michał 
Published: December 2021

There are many Polish films from the pre-war period that are not known to the public today. Most oft en they simply did not make it to modern times or only fragments are preserved, their condition too poor to allow utilization. One of such films is Halka, directed by Konstanty Meglicki in 1929, which due to digital restoration has returned to the screen in November 2016, after decades-long break. In recent years, however, it’s been discovered that even some seemingly well-known films should in fact be considered unknown. Due to the research conducted at the National Film Archives, new facts came to light, revealing lost film fragments or alternative versions. One such example is a film from 1939 called Sportowiec mimo woli, until now only known for its post-war American adaptation, turns out to be very different from the unknown original version. Polish pre-war cinema, which was often treated with some disdain, is now perceived in a very different light. And recent discoveries allow us to re-examine the achievements of the early period of Polish cinematography.
Jarmo Jääskeläinen – „imigrant z polską duszą”
Authors: Hučková Jadwiga 
Published: December 2021

Polish topics occupy an important place in the work of the Finnish filmmaker Jarmo Jääskeläinen. Since the 70s he made his films outside censorship, and his penetrating gaze on the Polish reality allowed glimpse its dimensions closely invisible or ignored. While maintaining fidelity to the facts, he talks about the most important problems, stages the phenomena of contemporary Polish history, society, culture.
Raman Spectroscopy Investigation of a Manganese Oxide Layer Caused by Water Corrosion on an IrMn Thin Film
Authors: Mopoung Kunpot , Suwanyangyaun Pattana , Sawaengsai Kanogkwan , Supadee Laddawan , Nuntawong Noppadon , Tungasmita Sukkaneste , Sanorpim Sakuntam 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Raman spectroscopy was used to identify a manganese oxide layer established on iridium manganese (IrMn) thin films. A thin manganese oxide layer on the IrMn surface was created by dropping deionized (DI) water for 30 min. Field emission scanning electron microscope and Raman spectroscopy with a 532-nm laser wavelength were used to investigate the DI-water–exposed IrMn surface. The intensity of the Raman laser beam, varied from 0.05 to 50 mW, was carefully optimized to avoid laser-induced heat effects on the manganese oxide layer and IrMn thin film. The results showed that the laser-induced heat produced an α-Mn3O4 phase on the IrMn surface and a manganese oxide layer at 25 mW. Raman optimization was used to investigate the DI-water corrosion and manganese oxide structures on different areas of the IrMn surface.
In-Process Dimension Monitoring System for Integration of Legacy Machine Tools into the Industry 4.0 Framework
Authors: Dayam Sunidhi , Desai K. A. , Kuttolamadom Mathew 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Manufacturers are implementing sensors, Internet of Things (IoT)-based automation, and communication devices on shop floors for connecting machine tools to a network-connected system for achieving “smart” functionality. The existing installation of legacy machines that offer either no or limited adaptability to these changes is a big obstacle to realizing the potential benefits of smart manufacturing. This research paper presents a sensor-based dimension monitoring system to capture and digitize component dimensions during machining operations. The capabilities are attained by developing an integrated framework consisting of sensors, data acquisition systems, feature extraction modules, and digital interfaces. The framework is implemented on legacy equipment such as lathes, milling, and drilling machines for component dimension monitoring while performing common operations. The proposed system functions at the edge level to improve man (operator)–machine–material interactions by displaying component dimensions and graphical visualization of the operations. The system also helps the operator recognize the resulting cutting forces and thereby achieve guided process control. The data generated at an edge level can be transmitted to the enterprise layer for performing tasks such as machine performance evaluation, man–machine utilization, process optimization, operator feedback, etc. The proposed framework provides a potential solution for integrating a vast base of the existing legacy machines into the Industry 4.0 framework.
Distinct Aging-Vulnerable and -Resilient Trajectories of Specific Motor Circuit Functions in Oxidation- and Temperature-StressedDrosophila
Authors: Iyengar Atulya , Ruan Hongyu , Wu Chun-Fang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInDrosophila, molecular pathways affecting longevity have been extensively studied. However, corresponding neurophysiological changes underlying aging-related functional and behavioral deteriorations remain to be fully explored. We examined different motor circuits inDrosophilaacross the life span and uncovered distinctive age-resilient and age-vulnerable trajectories in their established functional properties. In the giant fiber (GF) and downstream circuit elements responsible for the jump-and-flight escape reflex, we observed relatively mild deterioration toward the end of the life span. In contrast, more substantial age-dependent modifications were seen in the plasticity of GF afferent processing, specifically in use dependence and habituation properties. In addition, there were profound changes in different afferent circuits that drive flight motoneuron activities, including flight pattern generation and seizure spike discharges evoked by electroconvulsive stimulation. Importantly, in high-temperature (HT)-reared flies (29°C), the general trends in these age-dependent trajectories were largely maintained, albeit over a compressed time scale, lending support for the common practice of HT rearing for expeditingDrosophilaaging studies. We discovered that shortened life spans inCu/Zn superoxide dismutase(Sod) mutant flies were accompanied by altered aging trajectories in motor circuit properties distinct from those in HT-reared flies, highlighting differential effects of oxidative versus temperature stressors. This work helps to identify several age-vulnerable neurophysiological parameters that may serve as quantitative indicators for assessing genetic and environmental influences on aging progression inDrosophila.
Disruption of VGLUT1 in Cholinergic Medial Habenula Projections Increases Nicotine Self-Administration
Authors: Souter Elizabeth A. , Chen Yen-Chu , Zell Vivien , Lallai Valeria , Steinkellner Thomas , Conrad William S. , Wisden William , Harris Kenneth D. , Fowler Christie D. , Hnasko Thomas S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCholinergic projections from the medial habenula (MHb) to the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) have been studied for their complex contributions to nicotine addiction and have been implicated in nicotine reinforcement, aversion, and withdrawal. While it has been established that MHb cholinergic projections corelease glutamate, no direct evidence has demonstrated a role for this glutamate projection in nicotine consumption. In the present study, a novel floxedSlc17a7[vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1)] mouse was generated and used to create conditional knock-out (cKO) mice that lack VGLUT1 in MHb cholinergic neurons. Loss ofSlc17a7expression in ventral MHb cholinergic neurons was validated using fluorescentin situhybridization, and immunohistochemistry was used to demonstrate a corresponding reduction of VGLUT1 protein in cholinergic terminals in the IPN. We also used optogenetics-assisted electrophysiology to evoke EPSCs in IPN and observed a reduction of glutamatergic currents in the cKO, supporting the functional disruption of VGLUT1 in MHb to IPN synapses. cKO mice exhibited no gross phenotypic abnormalities and displayed normal thigmotaxis and locomotor behavior in the open-field assay. When trained to lever press for food, there was no difference between control and cKO. However, when tested in a nicotine self-administration procedure, we found that the loss of VGLUT1-mediated glutamate corelease led to increased responding for nicotine. These findings indicate that glutamate corelease from ventral MHb cholinergic neurons opposes nicotine self-administration, and provide additional support for targeting this synapse to develop potential treatments for nicotine addiction.
Metabolically healthy obesity, transition to unhealthy phenotypes, and type 2 diabetes in 0.5 million Chinese adults: the China Kadoorie Biobank
Authors: Song Zimin , Gao Meng , Lv Jun , Yu Canqing , Guo Yu , Bian Zheng , Wei Yuxia , Yang Ling , Du Huaidong , Chen Yiping , Zhang Jianqiang , Yao Jvying , Chen Junshi , Chen Zhengming , Huang Tao , Li Liming , _ _ 
Published: December 2021

Objectives
To prospectively assess the association of metabolic health status and its transition with incident diabetes risk across BMI categories.

Design
Cohort study based on the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB).

Methods
The CKB study enrolled 512 715 adults aged 30–79 years from ten diverse areas in China during 2004–2008. After exclusion, 432 763 participants were cross-classified by BMI categories and the metabolic status was followed up for incident diabetes disease. The changes in BMI and metabolic health status were defined from baseline to the second resurvey.

Results
Type 2 diabetes risk is higher for metabolically healthy obese (MHO) subjects than metabolically healthy normal weight (MHN) individuals (HR: 3.97, 95% CI: 3.64–3.66), and it is highest for those affected by metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) (HR: 6.47, 95% CI: 6.17–6.79). About 15.26% of participants with MHN converted to metabolically healthy overweight or obesity (MHOO), whereas 48.40% of MHOO remained unconverted throughout the follow-up. In obese or overweight people, the conversion from metabolically healthy to unhealthy might increase the chances of developing diabetes as compared to those with a stable metabolic healthy state (HR: 3.70, 95% CI: 2.99–4.59), while those with persistent metabolic disorders are most likely to have diabetes (HR: 8.32, 95% CI: 7.08–9.78).

Conclusions
Metabolic healthy is a transient state, and individuals converted from metabolically healthy status to unhealthy phenotypes across all BMI categories might raise the risk of diabetes.
Notas sobre los factores naturales y culturales en el desarrollo sociopolítico prehispánico en el extremo noroeste de Guanacaste, Costa Rica
Authors: Hurtado de Mendoza Luis , Alvarado Guillermo E. 
Published: December 2021

Introducción: El estudio interdisciplinario de los patrones de ocupación y desarrollo de la sociedad humana en tiempos prehispánicos es tenue en la zona del volcán Orosí. El contexto ambiental es usualmente descrito para ilustrar patrones de subsistencia, sin mayor propósito de establecer formas de relación con los cambios que se vislumbran en la composición sociopolítica de los pobladores.
Objetivo: En este trabajo, se explora la posibilidad de ilustrar instancias de relación entre los cambios que detecta el registro arqueológico, con potenciales factores naturales y culturales, según se destacan en los aportes de otras disciplinas científicas.
Métodos: Una muestra de 111 componentes culturales identificados en sitios arqueológicos fue examinada en cuanto a su localización geográfica en diversos ecosistemas y su posición cronológica, respecto de los períodos culturales definidos en la región de Guanacaste.
Resultados: Los componentes arqueológicos se confrontan con diversos factores naturales y culturales que habría incidido como agentes de cambio. Se analizaron las instancias de relación y se valoraron sus efectos por períodos, cubriendo tiempos precerámicos y cerámicos.
Conclusiones: Se identifica como agentes naturales de cambio a la calidad de suelos, el tipo de clima, pero, ante todo, destacan los procesos culturales como el intercambio de productos, desarrollo de la agricultura y los movimientos migratorios de la población.
Diversidad de los hábitats submareales de la Península de Santa Elena e Islas Murciélago, Pacífico Norte, Costa Rica
Authors: Fernández-García Cindy , Salas-Moya Carolina , Mena Sebastián , Azofeifa-Solano Juan Carlos , Alvarado Juan José 
Published: December 2021

Introducción: Los hábitats costeros de todo el mundo están experimentando una presión cada vez mayor debido a la contaminación, el desarrollo costero, la pesca y el cambio climático. Identificar y registrar la biodiversidad costera es esencial para evaluar la salud, los cambios y el alcance de la pérdida de biodiversidad de los ecosistemas. Los hábitats costeros tropicales como los arrecifes de coral y los lechos de pastos marinos han sido el foco de investigación de los científicos durante las últimas décadas; sin embargo, se han descuidado otros ecosistemas, como los bosques de macroalgas, los fondos de sedimentos submareales (20-30 m de profundidad) y los arrecifes rocosos.
Objetivo: Este trabajo reporta la biodiversidad marina asociada con arrecifes rocosos, arrecifes de coral, bosques de Sargazo y fondos submareales sedimentarios (20-30 m de profundidad), en un área tropical de afloramiento estacional (Península de Santa Elena, Bahía de Santa Elena e Islas Murciélago, Costa Rica).
Métodos: Durante la Expedición Santa Elena (21 de abril-2 de mayo de 2018), se visitaron un total de 28 sitios para registrar la biodiversidad en cuatro hábitats diferentes (arrecifes rocosos y de coral, bosques de sargazo y fondos de sedimentos submareales), utilizando SCUBA, en muestreos sistemáticos, evaluaciones visuales y en algunos fondos de sedimentos se utilizó una draga de arrastre por 20 minutos.
Resultados: Se identificaron un total de 254 taxones, siendo los peces óseos el grupo más diverso con 91 especies, seguido de los gasterópodos (25 spp.), las algas rojas (21 spp.) y los antozoos (19 spp.). Se reportan cuatro nuevos registros para el Pacífico continental de Costa Rica, incluida la subclase de una anémona tubícola (Ceriantharia).
Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran que la península de Santa Elena, la bahía de Santa Elena y las islas Murciélago albergan hábitats poco comunes y no estudiados, como bosques del alga parda Sargassum, fondos de sedimentos, arrecifes construidos por el coral masivo Pavona gigantea, que es muy inusual, y comunidades de arrecifes rocosos dominadas por colonias calcáreas de poliquetos (Salmacina tribranchiata).
A Stochastic Model for Simulating Vertical Pulseless Near-Fault Seismic Ground Motions
Authors: Cui Xi Zhong , Liu Yong Xu , Hong Han Ping 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTThe vertical near-fault seismic ground-motion component can cause significant structural deformation and damage, which can be evaluated from time history analysis using actual or synthetic ground-motion records. In this study, we propose a new stochastic model for the vertical pulseless near-fault ground motions that depends on earthquake magnitude, rupture distance, and site condition. The proposed model is developed based on the time–frequency characteristics of 606 selected actual vertical record components in strike-slip earthquakes. The use and validation of the model are presented using simulated records obtained by two simulation techniques. For the validation, the statistics of time–frequency-dependent power spectral acceleration estimated from the simulated records using the proposed stochastic model are compared with those from the actual records and the ground-motion models available in the literature.
El Mundo del Trabajo Decente y la Agenda 2030 de la ONU: Estándares Internacionales en Colombia
Authors: Ostau De Lafont De León Francisco Rafael , Otálora Cortés Rosalvina , Niño Chavarro Ángela 
Published: December 2021

El presente escrito es resultado final de proyecto de investigación. El estudio se realiza en el contexto de los convenios 87 y 98 de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT), cuyo eje problémico fue el de determinar cuál es el nivel de cumplimiento de los estándares internacionales del trabajo en el contexto laboral colombiano. Con el objetivo de establecer los estándares internacionales en materia laboral, proveniente de las diferentes instituciones internacionales, se plantean conclusiones acerca del impacto que han generado en el mundo del trabajo en Colombia, principalmente sobre los conceptos que definen el trabajo decente contenido en los convenios de la OIT y en la agenda de desarrollo 2030.
Educação ambiental no ensino de química através da confecção de puff's em PET
Authors: Becker Magda Márcia , Martins Luzia Ribeiro 
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo descreve uma intervenção didática realizada na rede pública do município de Rorainópolis/RR, em que se utilizou a confecção de bancos acolchoados (puff’s) a partir de garrafas de polietileto tereftalato (PET) para abordagem da educação ambiental no ensino de química. As atividades incluíram o resgate e a formação de conhecimentos e oficinas para a confecção de puff’s. A confecção de puff’s, aliada as discussões, contribuíram para a sensibilização dos alunos quanto aos impactos ambientais gerados pelo descarte irracional de materiais e proporcionou a formação de multiplicadores de benefícios econômicos, sanitários, ambientais, sociais e educacionais advindo de práticas sustentáveis.