bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in ​the proportion of children meeting behavior guidelines ​between summer ​and school by socioeconomic status and race
Authors: Hunt Ethan T. , von Klinggraeff Lauren , Jones Alexis , Burkart Sarah , Dugger Rodrick , Armstrong Bridget , Beets Michael W. , Turner‐McGrievy Gabrielle , Geraci Marco , Weaver R. Glenn 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveChildren who fail to meet activity, sleep, and screen‐time guidelines are at increased risk for obesity. Further, children who are Black are more likely to have obesity when compared to children who are White, and children from low‐income households are at increased risk for obesity when compared to children from higher‐income households. The objective of this study was to evaluate the proportion of days meeting obesogenic behavior guidelines during the school year compared to summer vacation by race and free/reduced priced lunch (FRPL) eligibility.MethodsMixed‐effects linear and logistic regressions estimated the proportion of days participants met activity, sleep, and screen‐time guidelines during summer and school by race and FRPL eligibility within an observational cohort sample.ResultsChildren (n = 268, grades = K − 4, 44.1%FRPL, 59.0% Black) attending three schools participated. Children's activity, sleep, and screen‐time were collected during an average of 23 school days and 16 days during summer vacation. During school, both children who were White and eligible for FRPL met activity, sleep, and screen‐time guidelines on a greater proportion of days when compared to their Black and non‐eligible counterparts. Significant differences in changes from school to summer in the proportion of days children met activity (−6.2%, 95CI = −10.1%, −2.3%; OR = 0.7, 95CI = 0.6, 0.9) and sleep (7.6%, 95CI = 2.9%, 12.4%; OR = 2.1, 95CI = 1.4, 3.0) guidelines between children who were Black and White were observed. Differences in changes in activity (−8.5%, 95CI = −4.9%, −12.1%; OR = 1.5, 95CI = 1.3, 1.8) were observed between children eligible versus uneligible for FRPL.ConclusionsSummer vacation may be an important time for targeting activity and screen‐time of children who are Black and/or eligible for FRPL.
Adolescent–adult nonmetastatic Ewing sarcoma—Experience from a large developing country
Authors: Bajpai Jyoti , Panda Goutam Santosh , Chandrasekharan Arun , Bhargava Prabhat , Srinivas Sujay , Laskar Siddhartha , Dandekar Sonal , Mokal Smruti , Rekhi Bharat , Khanna Nehal , Menon Nandini , Patil Vijay , Noronha Vanita , Joshi Amit , Prabhash Kumar , Banavali Shripad D. , Gupta Sudeep 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundOutcome and toxicity data in adolescent–adult Ewing sarcoma (AA‐ES) patients are sparse and merits exploration.MethodsHistopathologically confirmed, nonmetastatic AA‐ES patients, who received standard institutional combination chemotherapy regimen (Ewing's family of tumors‐2001 [EFT‐2001]) comprising of ifosfamide plus etoposide and vincristine, doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide, lasting a total of 12 months between 2013 and 2018, were analyzed for treatment‐related toxicities, event‐free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS).ResultsThere were 235 patients (primary safety cohort [PSC]) with median age of 23 (15–61) years; 159 (67.7%) were males, 155 (65.9%) had skeletal primary and 114 (48.5%) had extremity tumors. One hundred ninety‐six (83.4%) were treatment naïve (primary efficacy cohort [PEC]) and of these 119 (60.7%) had surgery. In PEC, at a median follow‐up of 36.4 (interquartile range [IQR] 20–55) months, estimated 3‐year EFS and OS were 67.3% (95% CI 60.3–75.1%) and 91.1% (95% CI 86.7–95.7%), respectively. Of these, 158 (80.6%) complying with intended treatment, at a median follow‐up of 39 (IQR 26–57) months had an estimated 3‐year EFS of 68.2% (95% CI 60.3–76.1%). In multivariable analysis, good prognostic factors included longer symptom(s) duration (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.86–0.994), ≥99% necrosis (HR 0.30, 95% CI 0.11–0.77), and treatment completion (HR 0.32, 95% CI 0.14–0.74). Among PSC, grade 3–4 toxicities were febrile neutropenia (119, 50.6%), anemia (130, 55.3%), peripheral neuropathy (37, 15.7%), with three (1.3%) chemo‐toxic deaths.ConclusionsThe outcomes of AA nonmetastatic ES patients treated with EFT‐2001 regimen were comparable to those reported by others, with acceptable toxicity. This regimen can be considered a standard of care in AA‐ES.
Phase‐specific risks of outpatient visits, emergency visits, and hospitalizations during Children's Oncology Group‐based treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A population‐based study
Authors: Bassal Mylene , Silva Mariana , Patel Serina , Gibson Paul J. , Breakey Vicky R. , Athale Uma , Zabih Veda , Li Qing , Pechlivanoglou Petros , Pole Jason D. , Mittmann Nicole , Sutradhar Rinku , Gupta Sumit 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundTherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is associated with substantial health care utilization and burden on families. Little is known about health care utilization during specific treatment phases.ProceduresWe identified children with ALL diagnosed during 2002–2012 in Ontario, Canada and treated according to Children's Oncology Group (COG) protocols. Disease and treatment data were chart abstracted. Population‐based health care databases identified all outpatient visits, emergency department (ED) visits, and hospitalizations. In addition to comparing standard and intensified versions of treatment phases, we compared patients receiving different steroids (dexamethasone vs. prednisone) and different versions of interim maintenance (IM) (Capizzi vs. high‐dose methotrexate [HD‐MTX]).ResultsSix hundred thirty‐seven children met inclusion criteria. During intensified consolidation, 76.2% of patients were hospitalized at least once, compared to only 32.3% of patients receiving standard consolidation (p < .0001). Similarly, 72.9% of patients receiving intensified delayed intensification (DI) were hospitalized during this phase compared to 50.3% of patients receiving standard DI (p < .0001). Among patients receiving a four‐drug induction, those receiving dexamethasone had an 85% higher rate of ED visits (adjusted rate ratio [aRR] 1.85, 95th confidence interval [95CI] 1.14–3.00; p = .01) and a 44% higher rate of hospitalization (aRR 1.44, 95CI 1.24–1.68) compared to those receiving prednisone. Among high‐risk B‐ALL and T‐ALL patients in IM, Capizzi MTX was not associated with an increased rate of ED visits versus HD‐MTX.ConclusionsThese results can be used to inform anticipatory guidance for families, particularly those undergoing intensified therapy. Our results also suggest that increased toxicity rates associated with dexamethasone during Induction seen in clinical trials reflect real‐world practice.
Identifying frequent drug combinations associated with delirium in older adults: Application of association rules method to a case‐time‐control design
Authors: Chyou Te‐Yuan , Nishtala Prasad S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundOlder adults are at an increased risk of delirium because of age, polypharmacy, multiple comorbidities, frailty, and acute illness. Although medication‐induced delirium in older adults is well understood, limited population‐level evidence is available, particularly on combinations of medications associated with delirium in older adults.ObjectivesWe aimed to apply association rule analysis to identify drug combinations contributing to delirium risk in adults aged 65 and older using a case‐time‐control design.MethodWe sourced a nationwide representative sample of New Zealander's aged ≥65 years from the pharmaceutical collections and hospital discharge information. Prescription records (2005–2015) were obtained from New Zealand pharmaceutical collections (Pharms). Medication exposures were coded as binary variables (exposed vs. not exposed) at the individual drug level. All medications, including antimicrobials, antihistamines, diuretics, opioids, and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory medications, were considered drugs of interest. The first‐time coded diagnosis of delirium was extracted from the National Minimal Dataset (NMDS). A unique patient identifier linked the prescription dataset to the event dataset to set up a case‐time‐control cohort, indexed at the first delirium event. Association rules were then applied to identify frequent drug combinations in the case and the control periods (l‐day with a 35‐day washout period) that are statistically associated with delirium, and the association was tested by computing a time‐trend adjusted matched odds‐ratio (MOR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsWe identified 28 503 individuals (mean age 84.1 years) from 2005 to 2015 with delirium. Our combined association rule and case‐time‐control analysis identified several drug classes, including antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, opioids, and diuretics associated with delirium. Our analysis also identified frequently used drug combinations that are associated with delirium. Examples include combined exposures to quetiapine and furosemide (MOR = 6.17; 95%CI = [2.05–18.54]), haloperidol (MOR = 4.81; 95%CI = [3.16–6.69]), combined exposures to furosemide, omeprazole, and lorazepam (MOR = 3.94; 95%CI = [3.03–5.10]), and fentanyl exposure (MOR = 3.46; 95%CI [2.05–9.21]).ConclusionThe association rule method applied to a case‐time‐control design is a novel approach to identifying drug combinations contributing to delirium with adjustment for any temporal trends in exposures. The study provides new insight into the combination of medicines linked to delirium.
Counselor and student perceptions of an mHealth technology platform used in a school counseling setting
Authors: Puhy Chandler E. , Litke Shannon G. , Silverstein Michael J. , Kiely Jenna R. , Pardes Adam , McGeoch Ellen , Daly Brian P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSchool psychologists and counselors with large caseloads struggle with delivery of high‐quality mental health services in the school setting due to time constraints and competing responsibilities. These providers can benefit from technology solutions that help engage and monitor the mental health of their clients in and out of session. This study assessed the usability and acceptability of a mobile health (mHealth) for the mental health technology platform, NeuroFlow, with seven students and three providers in an urban, high school counseling center. Student perceptions of usability and acceptability were gathered via questionnaire while provider perceptions of NeuroFlow were assessed using focus groups. Providers and students reported variable experiences with usability of the platform, but both groups expressed satisfaction with the use of NeuroFlow, demonstrating the acceptability of this approach. Overall, findings revealed that providers and students indicated NeuroFlow could be integrated into mental health treatment but would benefit from increased emphasis on initial and sustained training on the platform features. Further study is needed to examine the extent to which technology‐based applications may support mental health treatment delivered in the school setting.
Beyond the four walls: The evolution of school psychological services during the COVID‐19 outbreak
Authors: Schaffer Gary E. , Power Elizebeth M. , Fisk Amy K. , Trolian Teniell L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe emergence of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) in early 2020 led to the sudden temporary closure of K‐12 schools across the United States. Schools were tasked with providing remote instruction to students, and many of these children continued to require mental and behavioral health services provided by school psychologists. In this study, 675 school psychologists were surveyed across the United States to examine how their roles and responsibilities changed as a result of COVID‐19. Participants reported the perceived impact of COVID‐19 on students’ mental health and difficulty serving students and families, as well as their concerns and recommendations pertaining to school reentry. Overall, respondents in this study reported that their roles and responsibilities notably changed because of COVID‐19. Participants noted their belief that children and educators will need increased mental health support upon returning to school. Implications for future practice and research are discussed.
Determination and application of the excited‐state substituent constants of pyridyl and substituted phenyl groups
Authors: Cao Chao‐Tun , Yan Lu , Cao Chenzhong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThirty six 1‐pyridyl‐2‐arylethenes XCH=CHArY (abbreviated XAEY) were synthesized, in which, X is 2‐pyridyl, 3‐pyridyl and 4‐pyridyl and Y is OMe, Me, H, Br, Cl, F, CF3, and CN. Their ultraviolet absorption spectra were measured in anhydrous ethanol, and their wavelengths of absorption maximum λmax were recorded. Also, the 234 λmax values of 1‐substituted phenyl‐2‐arylethylene compounds (XAEY, where X is substituted phenyl) were collected. The excited‐state substituent constants
of three pyridyl groups and 23 substituted phenyl groups (total of 26) were obtained by means of curve‐fitting method. Taking the λmax values of 358 samples of bi‐arylethene derivatives as a data set and 126 samples of bi‐aryl Schiff bases (including nine compounds synthesized by this work) as another data set, quantitative correlation analyses were performed by employing the obtained
as a parameter, and good results were obtained for the two data sets. The reliability of the obtained
values was verified. The results of this paper can provide excited‐state substituent constants for the study and application of optical properties of conjugated organic compounds containing aryl groups.
Cascading hazards and hazard mitigation plans: Preventing cascading events in the United States
Authors: Chen Joanne , Greenberg Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe concentration of people and commerce in densely packed megacities has created interconnections between engineered and human‐service systems that are susceptible to a single potentially hazardous event triggering others. We identify the interdependencies between engineered and human‐service systems as well as the progression of hazardous cascading effects in the US context. The three purposes of this paper are (1) to determine how much attention is paid to cascading events in state and local hazard mitigation plans in the United States; (2) evaluate findings in the context of other environmental health programs in these places, noting that the paper is based on reviews of recent state and selected local hazard mitigation plans; and (3) offer suggestions for jump‐starting focus on cascading events in hazard mitigation plans. Cascading events have not been a focus of US hazard mitigation plans, but we find a trend toward more attention, especially in states and cities that have a history of innovative environmental health and protection programs. Given a new administration in Washington, DC, we urge legislators and risk managers to be more aggressive about the challenge of cascading events.
An investigation of elementary teachers' pedagogical content knowledge for socioscientific argumentation: The effect of a learning and teaching experience
Authors: Kutluca Ali Yiğit 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine how a learning and teaching experience, which related to socioscientific argumentation and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), changed elementary teachers' views of teaching with socioscientific argumentation, as well as the change in their PCK and instructional practices. Five teachers studying for the classroom‐teaching master's degree program of a foundation university in Turkey were included in the study, which lasted for a total of 10 weeks. Interviews to determine the PCK of these elementary teachers were first conducted, and their instructional practices were observed. Then, teachers attended a course related to socioscientific argumentation and PCK. Finally, PCK interviews were conducted for a second time with all the teachers and their instructional practices were observed again. The qualitative data collected from the study were analyzed by inductive content analysis, based on the constant comparative method. Classroom observations were evaluated with an analytical evaluation rubric. The results revealed that the learning and teaching experience undergone by the participating teachers improved the following components of their PCK: orientations (OTS), students' understanding (KSU), instructional strategies (KISR), and knowledge of assessment (KAS). After the course, strong interactions occurred among all the components, with the exceptions of knowledge of curriculum and knowledge of assessment. Furthermore, teacher efficacy, which is an effective element of PCK, is embedded in the components of KSU and KISR of the PCK for socioscientific argumentation. Therefore, it was concluded that the PCK for socioscientific argumentation of the participating elementary teachers improved while both learning and teaching.
Health-Related Quality of Life in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Authors: Shinohara M.M. , Mahurin H.M. , Tarabadkar E. , Hippe D.S. , Lachance K. , Kim E.J. , Loggers E.T. 
Published: May 2021

Summary

Background
Patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) often have indolent but symptomatic disease.

Objective
Assessment of the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with CTCL.

Methods
Cross-sectional survey study. HRQoL was measured by Skindex-16 and FACT-G.

Results
A total of 372 responses were received; 80 incomplete/ineligible responses were excluded. A majority of respondents identified as white (87%; 250/288) and female (67%; 193/286) with a mean age of 57 ± 14 years. Most patients had early-stage (IA–IIA) (74%; 162/203) mycosis fungoides (87%; 241/279). There were 33 (12%; 33/279) patients with Sézary syndrome. Mean itch score (visual analogue scale; VAS) was 3.2 ± 2.8, overall; 2.7 ± 2.6 for early, and 4.2 ± 2.9 for advanced disease (p = 0.008). Thirty-eight percent (108/284) and 24% (69/284) reported head/neck and groin/genital involvement, respectively.
Overall HRQoL was 46 ± 27 (Skindex-16) and 71 ± 19 (FACT-G), with worse HRQoL for patients with advanced versus early disease (Skindex-16: 67 vs. 40; p=&lt;0.001, FACT-G: 62 vs. 76; p = 0.001). Predictors of worse HRQoL included head/neck, hand/foot or groin/genital involvement, younger age and spending &gt;15 min daily treating CTCL.

Limitations
Include anonymous survey methodology, underrepresentation of certain CTCL subtypes and non-white respondents.

Conclusions
Patients with CTCL, particularly those with advanced disease or involvement of the head/neck, acral or groin/genital sites, experience significant impact on HRQoL.
Culture and son preference: Evidence from immigrants to the United States
Authors: Jergins William 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper extends the existing literature on son preference using an epidemiological approach to determine which cultural beliefs contribute most to son preference. We measure son preference by the increased fertility response due to a first‐born female child. The coefficient giving the increase in the fertility response to a first‐born female associated with a change in the equity index grows by over 50% when religious variables are included. We believe this highlights the importance of controlling for multiple cultural factors which may be correlated across home countries. The analysis shows that the major cultural determinants of son preference are gender economic inequities, while measures of women's relative educational and political standing are largely irrelevant. Across the distribution of economic equity on our sample, the fertility response to a first‐born female change from a 6.5% increase to a 1.6% decrease in the average number of children per household.
Computational design of two‐dimensional magnetic materials
Authors: Miao Naihua , Sun Zhimei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAs a long‐standing research topic in materials physics and chemistry, magnetic materials have been receiving increasing attention for their applications in spintronic devices, such as spin field‐effect transistor and data‐storage memory. Two‐dimensional (2D) magnets are a family of emerging magnetic materials with atomically thin thickness, which can be easily integrated into heterostructural devices, providing incredible possibility for understanding 2D magnetism and great potential for applications in future ultrathin spintronic devices. Recent effort from theory, simulations and experiments has made notable progress on 2D magnets and devices, especially on 2D van der Waals materials and heterojunctions. Here theoretical advances using physical models and computational approaches on the study of new 2D magnets and devices are briefly summarized and possible directions for future investigation are extensively discussed, which may inspire growing interest on the development and applications of 2D magnets and spintronic devices.This article is categorized under:
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory
Bayesian modeling of multivariate time series of counts
Authors: Soyer Refik , Zhang Di 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this article, we present an overview of recent advances in Bayesian modeling and analysis of multivariate time series of counts. We discuss basic modeling strategies including integer valued autoregressive processes, multivariate Poisson time series and dynamic latent factor models. In so doing, we make a connection with univariate modeling frameworks such as dynamic generalized models, Poisson state space models with gamma evolution and present Bayesian approaches that extend these frameworks to multivariate setting. During our development, recent Bayesian approaches to the analysis of integer valued autoregressive processes and multivariate Poisson models are highlighted and concepts such as “decouple/recouple” and “common random environment” are presented. The role that these concepts play in Bayesian modeling and analysis of multivariate time series are discussed. Computational issues associated with Bayesian inference and forecasting from these models are also considered.This article is categorized under:Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Bayesian Methods and TheoryStatistical Models > Time Series Models