bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The social dynamics in establishing complex community climate change initiatives: the case of a community fridge in Scotland
Authors: Carmen E. , Fazey I. , Caniglia G. , Anthony J. , Penny L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMultiple factors are involved in community change processes, yet understanding how factors interact to shape these complex social processed is limited. This has important implications for both research and sustainability practice. This study examines key social dynamics in establishing complex community change initiatives using an in-depth action-oriented transdisciplinary approach with a case study of the development of a community fridge. Four critical social dynamics were identified: reinforcing interpretations, reinforcing interconnections, re-alignment of identities, and quality social relations involving multiple normative facets converging and diverging in different ways as the process unfolded. Initially, this led to a degenerative dynamic that heightened tensions between actors; however, re-alignment with wider social identities and expressions of the underlying normative dimensions involved in the initiative, a regenerative dynamic was created. This strengthened the conditions to support shared understanding, learning and enhanced relationships to enable different actors to work together to shape aspects of the initiative. Overall, the study highlights that future community-based change initiatives need to be guided by explicit approaches that work with social relationships, but where these relationships are conceptualised as dynamic normative spaces of interaction and exploration. This can inform understanding on how to develop beneficial reinforcing regenerative dynamics, where advances in one aspect of social relationships within initiatives can begin to reinforce others and ways that increase collective capacity as a whole. Developing this regenerative potential through social relationships within initiatives is thus critical for engaging with complex challenges across communities.
Clinical Significance of the Prealbumin Level in Gastric Cancer Patients Who Receive Curative Treatment
Authors: Aoyama Toru , Nakazono Masato , Segami Kenki , Nagasawa Shinsuke , Kano Kazuki , Hara Kentaro , Maezawa Yukio , Hashimoto Itaru , Suematsu Hideaki , Watanabe Hayato , Komori Keisuke , Tamagawa Hiroshi , Yukawa Norio , Rino Yasushi , Ogata Takashi , Oshima Takashi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
We investigated the clinical influence of the prealbumin level on the gastric cancer survival and recurrence after curative treatment.

Methods
This study included 447 patients who underwent curative treatment for gastric cancer between 2013 and 2017. The risk factors for the overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were identified.

Results
A prealbumin level of 20 mg/dl was regarded as the optimal point of classification, considering the 3- and 5-year survival rates. The OS rates at 3 and 5 years after surgery were 80.7% and 65.0% in the low-prealbumin group, respectively, and 93.1% and 87.9% in the high-prealbumin group, respectively, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). The RFS rates at 3 and 5 years after surgery were 71.7% and 68.0% in the low-prealbumin group, respectively, and 90.1% and 84.7% in the high-prealbumin group, respectively, a statistically significant difference (p = 0.031). A multivariate analysis demonstrated that the prealbumin level was a significant independent risk factor for the OS and RFS. In addition, the rate of introduction of adjuvant chemotherapy was significantly lower and the frequency of peritoneal recurrence and lymph node recurrence significantly higher in the low-prealbumin group than in the high-prealbumin group.

Conclusion
Prealbumin is a risk factor for the survival in patients who undergo curative treatment for gastric cancer. It is necessary to develop an effective plan of perioperative care and surgical strategy according to the prealbumin level.
Deployment dynamics analysis of CALLISTO’s approach and landing system
Authors: Schneider Anton , Desmariaux Jean , Klevanski Josef , Schröder Silvio , Witte Lars 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrior to landing of reusable space transportation systems, the vehicle’s landing legs needs to be fully deployed to enable a safe landing and further re-use of the space vehicle. During that phase the deployment system has to overcome harsh and challenging environmental conditions. In this study, a numerical simulator is developed in order to investigate these influences on the landing leg deployment dynamics. By means of an extensive aerodynamic database and a broad approach flight domain, the influence of aerodynamics, exhaust plume, and vehicle’s attitude on the deployment dynamics is analyzed. This study shows on the example of the first stage demonstrator CALLISTO (Cooperative Action Leading to Launcher Innovation in Stage Toss back Operations), that thrust level, vehicle attitude, and the deployment system parameters affect the deployment performance.
Building stone quarries: resource evaluation by block modelling and unmanned aerial photogrammetric surveys
Authors: Bogdanowitsch Maxim , Sousa Luís , Siegesmund Siegfried 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe production of building stones shown an exponential growth in last decades as consequences of the demand and developments in the extraction and processing techniques. From the several conditioning factors affecting this industry, the geological constrains at quarry scale stands out as one of most important. Globalization and increasing competition in the building stone market require large raw material blocks to keep further processing as cost-effective as possible. Therefore, the potential extraction volume of in-situ stone blocks plays an important role in the yield of a dimensional stone quarry. The full characterization of the fracturing in the quarries comes up as fundamental in the assessment of the in-situ blocks volume/shape and potential extracted raw blocks. Identify the joint sets present, their spacing and the differences across the quarry demands a continuous assess during the quarry live span. Information from unmanned aerial vehicles helps in the field survey, namely trough digital surface models, orthophotos, and three-dimensional models. Also, the fracturing modelling by specific software programs is crucial to improve the block size assessment and the increase the quarry yield. In this research fracturing of twenty-one quarries of granite, limestone, marble, and slate from Portugal were assessed by combining field surveys with new techniques. From the studied quarries several cases were selected and presented to highlight the importance of this combined methodology in the fracturing assessment and how they can be helpful in the maximization of the resources and quarry management.
Do Young Children Consider Similarities or Differences When Responding to Referential Questions?
Authors: Waters Gillian M. , Dunning Peter L. , Kapsokavadi Marcella M. , Morris Stephan L. , Pepper Lisa B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractYoung children often struggle with referential communications because they fail to compare all valid referents. In two studies, we investigated this comparison process. In Study 1, 4–7 year-olds (N = 114) were asked to categorize pairs of objects according to their similarities or differences, and then identified a unique quality of one of the objects by responding to a referential question. Children found it easier to judge the differences between objects than similarities. Correct judgments of differences predicted accurate identifications. In Study 2, 4–5 year-olds (N = 36) again categorized according to similarities or differences, but this time were asked for verbal explanations of their decisions. Recognition of differences was easier than recognition of similarities. Explanations of errors were either: (a) ambiguous; (b) color error: (c) thematic (creative imaginative explanations). Children offered thematic explanations when they failed to recognize similarities between objects, but not for errors of difference.
Energy-efficient bioethanol recovery process using deep eutectic solvent as entrainer
Authors: Lee Seong Chan , Oh Hyeon Woo , Woo Hee Chul , Kim Young Han 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBioethanol is commonly recovered from fermentation broth via distillation because it is the most economical and reliable process for large-scale industrial operations. Because extraction is a highly energy-efficient process applicable to low-composition bio-product separation, high-performance solvents are necessary for efficient bioethanol recovery. 2-Methyl pentanol, a branched long-chain alcohol, which was used as the extraction solvent, and a deep eutectic solvent, choline chloride and ethylene glycol (1:2), was employed as an entrainer for product refinement. Thermodynamic models of vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) and liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) systems were derived using molecular simulations and experimental results to develop the bioethanol extraction and refinement processes. The heat duty of the designed process was reduced by a quarter compared to that of previous recovery processes.
Graphic abstract
The Pitfalls of Abnormal Laboratory Value Interpretation in Vaccine Clinical Trials: The Example of Asymptomatic Transient Neutropenia
Authors: Vella Venanzio , Schmidt Johannes E. , Cilio Giulia Luna , De Ryck Iris , Podda Audino , Conti Valentino , Auerbach Joachim 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHematological and clinical chemistry measurements are an integral part of vaccine safety monitoring. While adopting a conservative approach is important to exclude potential risks for patients, the rationale and methodology underlying the assessment of given adverse events have to be well grounded to avoid raising unfounded concerns. Using asymptomatic transient neutropenia as an example, this paper aims to address the complexity of interpreting abnormal hematological values in vaccine clinical trials and to evaluate the validity of using neutrophil count cut-off points to assess neutropenia in the context of safety monitoring. The validity of the neutrophil count cut-off point methodology was assessed in terms of content validity (i.e., the extent to which a single neutrophil count below the cut-off point corresponds to a clinically significant adverse event), criterion validity (i.e., the extent to which a neutrophil count below a given cut-off point correlates with another manifestation of neutropenia, namely bacteremia), and construct validity (i.e., the exactness of the assumption that a neutrophil count below a given cut-off point corresponds to a reactogenic event caused by the vaccination). We argue that, because of within-individual physiological fluctuations, variations according to population demographics, and poor predictive potential with regard to neutropenia-associated infection, the application of the cut-off point methodology to neutropenia safety monitoring presents major limitations. Based on this assessment, we conclude that hematological laboratory values must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis by investigators to determine their clinical significance.
Strategies and progress in synthetic textile fiber biodegradability
Authors: Egan Jeannie , Salmon Sonja 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The serious issue of textile waste accumulation has raised attention on biodegradability as a possible route to support sustainable consumption of textile fibers. However, synthetic textile fibers that dominate the market, especially poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), resist biological degradation, creating environmental and waste management challenges. Because pure natural fibers, like cotton, both perform well for consumer textiles and generally meet certain standardized biodegradability criteria, inspiration from the mechanisms involved in natural biodegradability are leading to new discoveries and developments in biologically accelerated textile waste remediation for both natural and synthetic fibers. The objective of this review is to present a multidisciplinary perspective on the essential bio-chemo-physical requirements for textile materials to undergo biodegradation, taking into consideration the impact of environmental or waste management process conditions on biodegradability outcomes. Strategies and recent progress in enhancing synthetic textile fiber biodegradability are reviewed, with emphasis on performance and biodegradability behavior of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as an alternative biobased, biodegradable apparel textile fiber, and on biological strategies for addressing PET waste, including industrial enzymatic hydrolysis to generate recyclable monomers. Notably, while pure PET fibers do not biodegrade within the timeline of any standardized conditions, recent developments with process intensification and engineered enzymes show that higher enzymatic recycling efficiency for PET polymer has been achieved compared to cellulosic materials. Furthermore, combined with alternative waste management practices, such as composting, anaerobic digestion and biocatalyzed industrial reprocessing, the development of synthetic/natural fiber blends and other strategies are creating opportunities for new biodegradable and recyclable textile fibers.

Article Highlights

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) leads other synthetic textile fibers in meeting both performance and biodegradation criteria.

Recent research with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) polymer shows potential for efficient enzyme catalyzed industrial recycling.

Synthetic/natural fiber blends and other strategies could open opportunities for new biodegradable and recyclable textile fibers.
Investigation of Forest Fire Activity Changes Over the Central India Domain Using Satellite Observations During 2001–2020
Authors: Jain Madhavi , Saxena Pallavi , Sharma Som , Sonwani Saurabh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecurrent and large forest fires negatively impact ecosystem, air quality, and human health. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer fire product is used to identify forest fires over central India domain, an extremely fire prone region. The study finds that from 2001 to 2020, ∼70% of yearly forest fires over the region occurred during March (1,857.5 counts/month) and April (922.8 counts/month). Some years such as 2009, 2012, and 2017 show anomalously high forest fires. The role of persistent warmer temperatures and multiple climate extremes in increasing forest fire activity over central India is comprehensively investigated. Warmer period from 2006 to 2020 showed doubling and tripling of forest fire activity during forest fire (February–June; FMAMJ) and non‐fire (July–January; JASONDJ) seasons, respectively. From 2015 JASONDJ to 2018 FMAMJ, central India experienced a severe heatwave, a rare drought and an extremely strong El Niño, the combined effect of which is linked to increased forest fires. Further, the study assesses quinquennial spatiotemporal changes in forest fire characteristics such as fire count density and average fire intensity. Deciduous forests of Jagdalpur‐Gadchiroli Range and Indravati National Park in Chhattisgarh state are particularly fire prone (>61 fire counts/grid) during FMAMJ and many forest fires are of high intensity (>45 MW). Statistical associations link high near surface air temperature and low precipitation during FMAMJ to significantly high soil temperature, low soil moisture content, low evapotranspiration and low normalized difference vegetation index. This creates a significantly drier environment, conducive for high forest fire activity in the region.
The North Equatorial Countercurrent and the Zonality of the Intertropical Convergence Zone
Authors: Sun Zhikuo , Lu Jianhua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe zonality of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) denotes the appearance of the ITCZ precipitation as a continuous band across a vast zonal span, say, the whole Pacific. Here, we emphasize the essential role of the North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) in maintaining the zonality of the ITCZ. By transporting warm water eastward and hence reducing the zonal contrast of sea surface temperature (SST), the NECC induces a narrow but continuous band of SST maxima, over which the ITCZ is formed. It is found in observation that the stronger the eastward NECC is, the more uniform the zonal distribution of the ITCZ precipitation between 150°E and 135°W is. Modeling simulation suggests that the zonality of the ITCZ may well be broken when contribution of the NECC to the SST maxima is largely removed. The importance of two‐way interaction between the NECC and the ITCZ is highlighted.
On the Limitations of Using Polarimetric Radar Sounding to Infer the Crystal Orientation Fabric of Ice Masses
Authors: Rathmann Nicholas M. , Lilien David A. , Grinsted Aslak , Gerber Tamara A. , Young Tun Jan , Dahl‐Jensen Dorthe 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe introduce a transfer matrix model for radio‐wave propagation through layered anisotropic ice that permits an arbitrary dielectric permittivity tensor in each layer. The model is used to investigate how crystal orientation fabrics without a vertical principal direction affect polarimetric radar returns over glaciers and ice sheets. By expanding the c‐axis orientation distribution in terms of a spherical harmonic series, we find that radar returns from synthetic fabric profiles are relatively insensitive to the harmonic mode responsible for a nonvertical principal direction; however, only for normally incident waves. Consequently, the strength of this mode might be relatively difficult to infer in glaciers and ice sheets, which in turn has implications for the ability to determine the full second‐order structure tensor, needed to infer the local flow regime, flow history, or to represent the directional viscosity structure of glacier ice for ice‐flow modeling.
Intermittent Dissipation at Kinetic Scales in the Turbulent Reconnection Outflow
Authors: Huang S. Y. , Zhang J. , Yuan Z. G. , Jiang K. , Wei Y. Y. , Xu S. B. , Xiong Q. Y. , Zhang Z. H. , Lin R. T. , Yu L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBased on the unprecedented high‐resolution data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, we investigate the energy dissipation in turbulent reconnection outflow during turbulent magnetic reconnection in the terrestrial magnetotail. It is found that this reconnection outflow has plenty of intermittent structures at kinetic scales accompanied by abundant current filaments. Strong energy dissipation occurs in the intermittent structures with a high partial variance of increments index, and the regions with strong current filaments. Further analyses reveal that electron heating with the presence of increase in electron temperature occurs in the intermittent structures and the regions with strong currents. This electron heating is more significant in the component parallel to the magnetic field. Our observations demonstrate that intermittent dissipation at kinetic scales occurs in the turbulent reconnection outflow.
Generation of Proxy GIM‐TEC for Extreme Storms Before the Era of GNSS Observations
Authors: Gulyaeva Tamara , Shubin Valentin , Haralambous Haris , Hernández‐Pajares Manuel , Stanislawska Iwona 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFor the first time, we reconstructed global distribution of both the total electron content disturbance W index and TEC values for eight extreme storms (Dst < −250 nT) occurred before the epoch of GNSS observations in solar cycle 22. We created a model based on superposed epoch analysis of the training set of GIM‐W maps of nine SC23 extreme storms. Global GIM‐W index maps are calculated from 15‐min UPC GIM‐TEC (UQRG) as the logarithmic deviation of instantaneous TEC from the monthly median GIM‐MTEC empirical model. We introduced the storm phase metrics for main and recovery phases of the positive ionosphere disturbance (the WU‐index), the negative disturbance (the WL‐index) and the ring current (the Dst‐index). The probabilistic forecasting model (Pmodel) for SC22 GIM‐Wx maps is developed based on GIM‐W maps of the SC23 training set. The storm phase distribution Φx for the eight SC22 extreme storms is calculated from the proxy time shift (lag) of peak WUmax and WLmin relative to Dstmin. Proxy GIM‐TECx maps are calculated by adjusting the GIM‐MTEC median to the GIM‐Wx prediction. Validation of the technique based on data of UPC and JPL for four intense ionospheric storms showed a root‐mean‐square error less than 3 TECU. The proposed technique can be applied for both the past and future forecasting of GIM‐W index and GIM‐TEC maps.
Oceanic Fronts Structure Phytoplankton Distributions in the Central South Indian Ocean
Authors: Guo Mingxian , Xiu Peng , Xing Xiaogang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the South Indian Ocean (SIO), high surface chlorophyll concentrations are often observed in mesoscale anticyclonic eddy cores. Yet the role of submesoscale dynamics in modulating phytoplankton distributions remains largely unknown in the region. By using a biogeochemical‐Argo float and a high‐resolution model, we show that elevated chlorophyll concentrations were evident in a frontal region, and the depth‐integrated chlorophyll in this frontal region can be higher than that in the anticyclonic eddy core. Submesoscale frontogenesis was shown to inject nutrients vertically and enhance phytoplankton growth in the frontal region. Frontal dynamics tend to facilitate large phytoplankton such as diatom growth, which consequently increases diatom fraction. Over the entire central SIO, we found a significant correlation between the phytoplankton composition index and frontogenesis. However, the correlation between total phytoplankton biomass and frontogenesis was not significant. These results demonstrate the complex role of frontal dynamics in structuring phytoplankton distributions in the central SIO.
Seasonal Instability of the Western Equatorial Indian Ocean
Authors: Zavala‐Garay Javier , Theiss Jürgen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis work identifies and characterizes the seasonal changes in the instability properties of the Western Equatorial Indian Ocean using a regional ocean model that is first validated with satellite and in situ observations. The instability properties of the region exhibit a marked seasonal behavior due to the seasonal changes of the background state, which are regulated by the interaction of the northward‐flowing East Africa Coastal Current (EACC) and the seasonal reversal of the Somali Current (SC). The SC has a stabilizing effect on the background flow during the mature stages of both phases of the monsoon. These two background states of low intrinsic instability are (a) the state during the late northeast monsoon when the then southward flowing SC crosses the equator and converges with the EACC, and (b) the state during the late southwest monsoon when the EACC crosses the equator and supplies the then northward flowing SC. The background flow becomes barotropically unstable twice a year during the transition phases of the monsoon when the EACC crosses the equator and then bends offshore toward the equatorial waveguide, resulting in the biannual excitation of Yanai waves. During these times the internal instability can contribute between 30% and 35% of the total mesoscale energy.