bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastrodia elata powder capsule enhances anti-epileptic effect of carbamazepine by decreasing P-gp expression
Authors: Dang Xiangji , Zhao Pei , Liu Yan , Qin Long , Jiao Haisheng 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To investigate the influence of Gastrodia elata powder capsule (GC) or gastrodin (GTD) on the anti-epileptic effect of carbamazepine (CBZ) on penicillin (PG)-induced epilepsy in rats.
Methods: A total 116 rats were used in this study. Rats in the control group (n = 8) were injected with normal saline (NS) in place PG. Epilepsy was induced in the remaining 108 rats on the first day via PG injection. The rats were then divided randomly into six groups (18 rats per group): PG group, CBZ group, CBZ + GC group, CBZ + GTD group, GC group, and GTD group, which were given (p.o.) NS, CBZ (100 mg/kg), CBZ (100 mg/kg.) + GC (350 mg/kg), CBZ (100 mg/kg) + GTD (100 mg/kg), GC (350 mg/kg), and GTD (100 mg/kg), respectively, once a day for 15 days. The behavioral characteristics of the rats were observed and used to assess the anti-epileptic effect of the test drugs. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and Western blot assays were employed for the determination of the effect of CBZ, GC and GTD on the expression levels of P-gp.
Results: CBZ significantly reduced the symptoms of epilepsy, while GC and GTD enhanced the antiepileptic effect of CBZ, and reversed the CBZ-induced increases in the protein expressions of mrd1a and P-gp (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: GC reverses CBZ drug resistance, probably through downregulation of P-gp expression. This finding indicates that GC is a potential anti-epilepsy drug, but it merits further studies.
Anti-proliferation effect of Scutellaria barbata D. Don extract on lung cancer
Authors: Hu Zhang , Jing Duan 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To investigate the effect of Scutellaria barbata D. Don extract (SBDE) on apoptosis and proliferation in A549 human lung cancer cells.
Methods: Inverted microscope was used to observe morphological changes in A549 cells after exposure to SBDE. Trypan blue staining of living cells was applied to construct cell growth curve after treatment with varying concentrations of SBDE. The influence of SBDE on cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle was determined by MTT assay while protein expressions of key apoptosis-related enzymes were evaluated by immuno-cytochemical method.
Results: SBDE inhibited the growth of A549 lung cancer cells at a concentration range of 20 - 160 μg/mL. Flow cytometry showed that SBDE induced apoptosis in the A549 cells. The proportion of cells in G0/G1-phase increased significantly (p < 0.01), while the proportion of cells in S-phase and G2/Mphase decreased correspondingly, indicating that the cells were in G0/G1-phase arrest. Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis-inducing effect gradually increased with increase in SBDE concentration. With increasing concentrations of SBDE, there were significant increases in the expressions of caspase-3 (p < 0.05), caspase-8 (p < 0.01) and caspase-9 (p < 0.05), and significant decreases in Ki-67 (p < 0.01) and p21 ras protein (p < 0.01).
Conclusion: SBDE exerts significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of A549 lung cancer cells, which can be developed for the treatment of lung cancer patients.
GC-MS metabolic profiling and anti-urease activity of nonpolar fractions of Calligonum Polygonoides L. (Polygonaceae) and Crateva Adansonii DC. Prodr. (Capparaceae)
Authors: Pervaiz Irfan , Ahmad Saeed , Arshad Adeel , Khurshid Umair , Basit Abdul 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To determine the urease-inhibitory activity and chemical constituents of fractions of Calligonum polygonoides and Crateva adansonii separated by physical properties.
Methods: The anti-urease activities of different fractions of the plants (methanol, n-hexane, CHCl3, nbutanol) were evaluated using a standard procedure. The chemical constituents of the extracts with the highest urease-inhibitory activity were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Results: The n-hexane fractions of both plants had higher urease-inhibitory activity and a lower halfmaximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) than the other extracts. GC-MS evaluation revealed that nhexane fraction of C. polygonoides was rich in fatty acids (39.36 %), sterols (22.29 %), long chain alkanes (98.5 %), and a few volatiles (5.26 %), while the n-hexane fraction of C. adansonii had high levels of alkanes (35.03 %), sterols (10.46 %), fatty acid esters (46.82 %), and triterpenes (23.76 %).
Conclusion: The n-hexane fractions of the plants demonstrate high urease-inhibitory activity. Thus, these plant-based anti-urease fractions can potentially serve as a starting point for the development of novel antibacterial agents with enhanced efficacy and reduced antibiotic resistance in the treatment of pathological conditions and infections associated with urease.
High performance thin-layer chromatography and in vitro cytotoxic studies on ethanol extract of Matricaria chamomilla L (Asteraceae) flowers
Authors: Bratty Mohammed Al , Govindaram Lalitha K. , Govindaram Lalitha K. , Thangavel Neelaveni , Alhazmi Hassan A. , Ibrahim Angum M. M. , Maruthamuthu Vijayalakshmi , Kandasamy Ruckmani 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To develop a high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC procedure for quantitation of apigenin in ethanol extract of Matricaria chamomilla (Babunaj) flowers, and to evaluate the extract for in vitro cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cell lines.
Methods: Quantification of apigenin was carried out using a CAMAG TLC system. A combination of toluene, ethyl acetate and formic acid (4.5:3.5:0.2 v/v/v) was used as mobile phase, with densitometry detection at 336 nm. The HPTLC procedure was subjected to validation as per ICH guidelines. The cytotoxicity of the extract was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.
Results: A sharp apigenin band at Rf of 0.51 was obtained, and the content of apigenin in the extract was 0.062 % w/w. The detection limit (LOD) and quantification limit (LOQ) were 0.19 and 0.57 ng/band, respectively. MTT assay results indicate that M. chamomilla was cytotoxic to Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cells, with half-maximal concentration (IC50) of 74 µg/mL.
Conclusion: The developed HPTLC method is linear, precise, accurate and specific for the determination of apigenin. M. chamomilla exerts cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cell line via induction of apoptosis.
Quercetin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced myocardial cell apoptosis via modulation of cAMP-Epac pathway
Authors: Wang YuHui , Fu Qian , Ye Baning , Liu Yanpei 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To investigate the effects and mechanism of action of quercetin (QUE) on sepsis-induced apoptosis of myocardial cells in vitro.
Methods: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce apoptosis H9c2 myocardial cells. Apoptosis of H9c2 cells was determined by propidium iodide staining. Knock down of Epac1 was achieved using small interfering RNA (SiEpac1). The levels of associated proteins (Epac1 and Rap1) were evaluated by western blotting.
Results: Lipopolysaccharide promoted apoptosis of H9c2 cells and inhibited the activity of cAMP-Epac pathway (p < 0.001 vs. control). Quercetin inhibited caspase 3 activity and apoptosis (p < 0.05 vs. LPS) induced by LPS via activation of cAMP-Epac1 signaling pathway. Moreover, Epac1 knockdown decreased the anti-apoptosis effect of Que, which indicates that Que attenuated apoptosis partly via cAMP-Epac pathway.
Conclusion: Que attenuated LPS-induced apoptosis in myocardial cells via activation of cAMP-Epac1 pathway. Therefore, quercetin treatment may serve as a promising strategy in the treatment of sepsisinduced myocardial injury.
Amending traditional substrate rice straw with agroforestry tree foliage increases production cycle and nutritional value of Pleurotus floridanus
Authors: Andrew Samora M , Mbwambo John R 
Published: July 2021

The recent heightened attention on mushrooms has not considered shortening the production time and increasing nutritional value using substrates from agroforestry trees in addition to traditionally used agro-industrial residues. This study therefore, examined harvesting time, protein and essential minerals of Pleurotus floridanus grown on rice straw amended with Gliricidia sepium foliage in Morogoro, Tanzania. Mushrooms were cultivated in 30 x 40 cm 4 kg dry weight polythene bags in randomized complete block design (RCBD) experiment. Results showed that the addition of 5% G. sepium into rice straw reduced total time between spawning and first harvest of P. floridanus. Gliricidia sepium increased significantly (P < 0.05) protein contents of the mushrooms by up to 40%. The addition of 5–10% G. sepium into rice straw increased significantly (P < 0.05) manganese, copper and zinc in the mushrooms. The decrease in production time and high increase in protein and mineral contents indicate that agroforestry trees have the potential to increase production cycles and nutritional value of P. floridanus. Therefore, use of foliage from agroforestry trees in combination with traditional substrates for mushroom production could help fight malnutrition, improve food security and enhance income.
Keywords: Food security; Gliricidia sepium; Income; Mushrooms; Smallholder farmers
Une Analyse Descriptive Des Erreurs D’orthographe Lexicale Dans L’interlangue D’apprenants Nigérians Du Français
Authors: Osunniran Tajudeen Abodunrin 
Published: July 2021

Cette étude se plonge dans l’interlangue d’un groupe d’apprenants nigérians de Français Langue Étrangère pour évaluer leur compétence en construction dans le domaine de l’orthographe lexicale. Cette compétence est évaluée par le biais des erreurs qui représentent des symptômes révélateurs des difficultés d’apprentissage et des points d’appui pour un enseignement meilleur. L’étude cherche dans un premier temps à expliquer les difficultés liées au processus d’apprentissage de l’orthographe lexicale et dans un deuxième temps à proférer des voies et moyens pour aider l’apprenant à mieux apprendre. Le corpus est constitué de productions écrites collectées auprès d’étudiants de première année de licence inscrits au cours de rédaction en français. Les résultats montrent que les types d’erreurs qui prédominent sont les erreurs liées aux accents, suivies des erreurs à dominante phonétique et des erreurs à dominante non-fonctionnelle. Par ailleurs, l’anglais, la langue seconde de ces apprenants, constitue la langue pourvoyeuse de la plus grande influence sur leur comportement orthographique. L’étude recommande que plus d’attention soit accordée à l’enseignement de l’orthographe lexicale dans les activités de classe de FLE au Nigéria.

This study focuses on the interlanguage of a group of Nigerian learners of French as a Foreign Language in order to assess their competence level in lexical spelling. This competence in phonographic encoding is measured through errors, which can be seen as symptoms showing learning difficulties and at the same as tools through which the learning process can be improved upon. Specifically, the study investigates the difficulties associated with learning of lexical spelling and suggest ways through which the learner can learn it better. Data for the study are elicited through written productions of first-year undergraduate students enrolled in a French Composition course. Results reveal that errors of diacritic marks predominate in the written productions of these students, followed by phonetic induced spelling errors and errors related to non-functional alphabetic letters. English, the second language of these learners, is the language with the greatest influence on their spelling behaviour. The study recommends that more attention should be accorded to the teaching of lexical orthography in French Language classroom activities in Nigeria.
KETAHANAN MENTAL KELUARGA ANAK BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS DALAM MENGHADAPI NEW NORMAL
Authors: Nurhastuti Nurhastuti , Zulmiyetri Zulmiyetri , Setia Budi  , Iga Setia Utami  
Published: July 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused social change. Social changes that occur include the category of unplanned social change. Because of its unplanned nature, surely the community is not ready to face it. New normal form new habits, but not everyone is easy to adapt to new lifestyles. The impact of the heavy Covid-19 pandemic will be more felt by parents who have children with special needs. The social changes caused by Covid-19 Pandemic require mental resilience to deal with it. This study aims to determine the extent of family resilience of children with special needs in dealing with new normal. The method used in this study is mixed methods which is a research step that combines two forms of research, namely quantitative research and qualitative research. Data analysis in this study uses descriptive statistical analysis. The results of this study are the Covid-19 pandemic has a tremendous impact on all lines of life and has a dramatic effect on the welfare of many families and communities. In the current condition each family member who has a child with special needs has a role in strengthening the family's mental endurance and also plays a role in maintaining the integrity and welfare of the family. The first thing to do is managing emotions, managing stress, increasing life motivation, and building connections with family members.
Abstrak
Pandemi Covid-19 telah mengakibatkan perubahan sosial. Perubahan sosial yang terjadi saat ini termasuk kategori perubahan sosial yang tidak direncanakan. Karena sifatnya yang tidak direncanakan, pastilah masyarakat tidak siap menghadapinya. New normal membentuk kebiasaan baru, namun tidak semua orang mudah beradaptasi menghadapi gaya hidup baru. Dampak pandemi Covid-19 yang berat akan lebih dirasakan oleh orangtua yang memiliki anak berkebutuhan khusus. Perubahan sosial yang diakibatkan Pandemi Covid-19 ini memerlukan ketahanan mental untuk menghadapinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana ketahanan keluarga anak berkebutuhan khusus dalam menghadapi new normal. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah mixed methods yakni suatu langkah penelitian yang menggabungkan dua bentuk penelitian yaitu penelitian kuantitatif dan penelitian kualitatif. Analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif. Adapun hasil penelitian ini adalah pandemi Covid-19 memberi dampak luar biasa di segala lini kehidupan dan memiliki efek dramatis pada kesejahteraan banyak keluarga dan masyarakat. Dalam kondisi saat ini setiap anggota keluarga yang memiliki anak berkebutuhan khusus mempunyai peran dalam memperkokoh ketahanan mental keluarga dan juga berperan dalam mempertahankan keutuhan dan kesejahteraan keluarga. Hal pertama yang harus dilakukan mengelola emosi, mengelola stres, meningkatkan motivasi hidup, dan membina komunikasi dengan anggota keluarga.
Kata Kunci: Ketahanan Keluarga,Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus, New Normal
PENERAPAN STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN MELALUI PERMAINAN ULAR TANGGA TANTANGAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN PERKEMBANGAN KOGNITIF PADA ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Atika Setiawati Feby , Suyadi  
Published: July 2021

Early childhood is an important and crucial time for every human being. Children's cognitive development rapidly through stimuli around them. The scope of cognative development in children aged 5-6 years consists of general knowledge and science and mathematics. In developing the ability to know and understand the concept of numbers in a fun way for children, one of them can be done by using the educational game tool snakes and ladders. This study aims to improve the ability of children aged 5-6 years in understanding the concept of numbers through the strategy of snake ladder challenge games. In this study using qualitative research and data collection techniques using interview, observation, and documentation methods. It can be concluded that the strategy of snakes and ladders game can help teachers convey their learning materials in improving cognitive in early childhood.
Abstrak
Masa usia dini adalah masa penting dan krusial bagi setiap manusia. Kognitif anak berkembang pesat melalui rangsangan di sekitar mereka. Lingkup perkembangan kogntif pada anak usia 5-6 tahun terdiri dari pengetahuan umum dan sains serta matematika. Dalam mengembangkan kemampuan mengenal dan memahami konsep angka dengan cara yang menyenangkan bagi anak, salah satunya dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat permainan edukatif ular tangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan anak usia 5-6 tahun dalam pemahaman konsep bilangan melalui strategi permainan ular tangga tantangan. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa strategi permainan ular tangga dapat membantu guru menyampaikan materi pembelajarannya dalam meningkatkan kognitif pada anak usia dini.
Kata Kunci: Strategi Permainan Ular Tangga Tantangan, kognitif, Anak Usia Dini
CIRI-CIRI DISLEKSIA PADA ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Iza Syahroni  , Rofiqoh Wasilatur , Latipah Eva 
Published: July 2021

Dyslexia is a type of learning difficulty in children in the form of reading disabilities, symptoms that are not caused by the ability of sight, hearing, intelligence, or skills in languagee, but rather to disturbances in the brain processes when processing the information it receives. The factors that couse dyslexia, are phenoological problems, educational factors, psychological factors, and biological factors. As for the characteristics of dyslexia, among others: symptoms of dyslexia in pre-school: 1), loves to mix up words and phrases, 2), difficulty learning the repetition of sounds (rhymes) and rhythms, 3) it’s hard to remember names, 4) late development in language, 5) happy to read a book, but not interested in words or letters, 6 it’s hard to dress. The characteristics of dyslexia at elementary school age: 1) difficulty reading and speeling, 2) often confused letters and numbers, 3) it’s hard to remember names, 4) difficult to understand the writing he read, 5. Slow at writing, 6 difficulty concentrating, 6) difficulty concentrating, 7) it’s hard to tell right and left, or the order of the week, 8) low self-esteem, and 9) still have difficulty in dressing.
Abstrak
Disleksia adalah jenis kesulitan belajar pada anak berupa ketidak mampuan membaca, gejala yang tidak disebabkan oleh kemampuan penglihatan, pendengaran, intelegensia, atau keterampilannya dalam berbahasa, melainkan lebih kepada gangguan dalam proses otak ketika mengolah informasi yang diterimanya. Faktor-faktor penyebab disleksia , adalah masalah fenoologi, faktor pendidikan, faktor psikologis, dan faktor biologis. Adapun ciri-ciri disleksia di antaranya: Ciri-ciri disleksia pada pra-sekolah: (1) Suka mencampur adukkan kata-kata dan frasa (2) Kesulitan mempelajari pengulangan bunyi (rima) dan irama (ritme), (3) Sulit mengingat nama, (4) Perkembangan dalam berbahasa yang terlambat, (5) Senang dibacakan buku, tetapi tidak tertarik dengan kata-kata atau huruf, (6) Sulit untuk berpakaian. Adapun ciri-ciri disleksia diusia sekolah dasar: (1) Sulit membaca dan mengeja, (2) Sering tertukar huruf dan angka, (3) Sulit mengingat alfabet atau mempelajari tabel, (4) Sulit mengerti tulisan yang ia baca, (5) Lambat dalam menulis, (6) Sulit konsentrasi, (7) Susah membedakan kanan dan kiri, atau urutan dalam sepekan, (8)Percaya diri yang rendah, (9) Masih tetap kesulitan dalam berpakaian.
Kata Kunci: Disleksia, Kesulitan Belajar, dan Pendidikan
THE ANALYSIS OF USING TV (THEMATIC VOCABULARY) CARDS IN INCREASING THE STUDENTS’ ENGLISH VOCABULARY
Authors: Rahmati  , Helmiyadi Helmiyadi 
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine whether Thematic Vocabulary (TV) Cards media can improve the vocabulary of students in primary school. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher designed an action research which consisted of pre-test, 3 cycles of treatment, and post-test. The subject of this study was the students of SMK N 1 Lhokseumawe, with the number of the subject was 26 students; 9 males and 17 females. 2 meetings were held during the research in which the students had to join test and also cycles of treatment which consisted of quizzes and various activities by using TV Cards as the media. which used the Sugiyono’s model (2016:298) with adaptation. The data collecting through interview, questionnaire, documentation, and test. The result of this study showed there was a significant improvement made by the students in identifying and remembering new English vocabulary available in the given descriptive texts. Pre- test result showed 27 % of students scored less than 50; 69 % students scored 51- 75; and only the rest of them scored more than 76, meaning that the average score of the class was still low, which was only 54.10. After conducting Post- test, it could be seen that no student scored less than 50; only one student scored 73; and the rest of them successfully scored above 76. Compared to Pre- Test’s result, the Post- Test’s showed the better average score, which increased up to 79%. In line with the result, Some suggestions are offered for teachers to be a facilitator in creating effective learning activities, to be able to make teaching and learning process more interesting, enjoyable and educative.
Peran Kotbah Gembala Sidang Dalam Pertumbuhan Rohani Jemaat Menurut John Chrysostom
Authors: Gulo Hisikia , Hendi Hendi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe preaching role of the pastor of the congregation in the spiritual growth of the congregation has a major contribution to the salvation of every soul. This article discusses and describes the role of the pastor as a preacher in the spiritual growth of the church taught by John Chrysostom. Every pastor as a preacher must reach 3 depths of approach to preaching the word of God; Cognitive, Affective and Psychomotor. It is through the preaching of the word of God which is taught by a pastor so that someone understands and understands the meaning of following and imitating the great shepherd, Jesus Christ, and carrying out each of His teachings. The spiritual growth of each congregation is influenced by each pastor's role as the preaching of the word of God through 3 depth approaches with the aim of the need for the purity of one's soul leading to spiritual maturity. AbstrakPeran khotbah gembala sidang dalam pertumbuhan rohani jemaat memiliki kontribusi besar bagi keselamatan setiap jiwa. ­ Artikel ini membahas dan menguraikan peran gembala sidang sebagai pengkhotbah dalam pertumbuhan rohani jemaat yang di ajarkan oleh John Chrysostom. ­Setiap gembala sidang ­ sebagai pengkhotbah ­ harus mencapai 3 kedalaman pendekatan pemberitaan firman Allah; Kognitif, Afektif dan Psikomotorik. Melalui pemberitaan firman Allah yang di ajarkan oleh seorang gembala sidang sehingga seseorang mengerti dan memahami arti dari mengikut dan meneladani gembala agung ­ yaitu Yesus Kristus serta melakukan setiap ajaran-Nya. Pertumbuhan rohani setiap jemaat ­ di pengaruhi dari setiap peran gembala sidang sebagai pemberitaan firman Allah melalui 3 kedalaman pendekatan dengan tujuan kebutuhan akan kemurnian jiwa seseorang menuju kepada kedewasaan rohani. Kata-kata Kunci: Gembala Sidang; Kedewasaan; Peran; Pengkhotbah.