bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The frequency of misattributed paternity in Sweden is low and decreasing: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Dahlén Torsten , Zhao Jingcheng , Magnusson Patrik K.E. , Pawitan Yudi , Lavröd Jakob , Edgren Gustaf 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe occurrence of misattributed paternity has consequences throughout society with implications ranging from inheritance and royal succession to transplantation. However, its frequency in Sweden is unknown.ObjectiveTo estimate the contemporary frequency of misattributed paternity in Sweden.MethodsThe study was based on nationwide ABO blood group data and a nationwide register of familial relationships in Sweden. These data were analysed using both a frequentist Poisson model and the Bayesian Gibbs model. The conduct of the study was approved by the regional ethics committee in Stockholm, Sweden (reference numbers 2018/167‐31 and 2019‐04656).ResultsNearly two million mother‐father‐offspring family units were included. Overall, the frequency of misattributed paternity was estimated at 1.7% in both models. Misattributed paternity was more common among parents with low educational levels, and has decreased over time to a current 1%.ConclusionsThe misattributed paternity rate is similar to the rates in other West European populations. Apart from widespread societal implications, studies on heritability may consider misattributed paternity as a minor source of error.
Teacher‐Student Incongruence in Perceptions of School Equity: Associations with Student Connectedness in Middle and High Schools
Authors: Debnam Katrina J. , Milam Adam J. , Bottiani Jessika H. , Bradshaw Catherine P. 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUNDSchool equity refers to the extent to which students are treated fairly, ensuring that each student receives what they need to be successful. School staff can play a vital role in creating an equitable school climate for adolescents, but little is known about how staff perceive equity in their school and how this in turn may relate to students' perceptions. This study sought to explore congruence between teacher and student perceptions of school equity and how congruence or incongruence related to students' sense of connectedness to school.METHODSData for the study came from the Maryland Safe and Supportive Schools Climate Survey, which was administered online to 5523 school staff and 59,218 students across 104 middle and high schools.RESULTSMultilevel models indicated that, compared to high staff and high student ratings, there was lower connectedness among the schools with low staff, low student ratings of equity as well as the schools with high staff, low student and low staff, high student ratings of equity.CONCLUSIONSThe findings suggest that staff perceptions of school equity are often higher than students and incongruence in perceptions may have a negative impact on students' connection to school.
To follow or not to follow the herd? Transparency and social norm nudges
Authors: Kantorowicz‐Reznichenko Elena , Kantorowicz Jaroslaw 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBehavioral interventions in general, and nudges in particular have become in recent years a popular (soft) regulatory instrument all around the world. Despite the excitement around this policy‐relevant field, some concerns have been raised. Nudges utilize behavioral biases in order to direct an individual's behavior. People, however, are usually not aware of the fact that such biases are used to influence their behavior. Making nudges transparent is important in democratic societies; yet, this might inhibit their effectiveness. Whether transparency inhibits the effect of a nudge was examined with respect to default nudges. However, this is the first paper to examine the effectiveness of transparent social norm nudges. Using an online experiment, we find that unlike with defaults, where transparency seems not to have inhibitive effects, disclosing the way social norms work and the purpose of using them diminishes the positive social norm effect. By means of heterogeneity analysis, we show that these results (the positive effect of the nudge and the inhibitive influence of transparency) hold only for male participants. Given the proliferation of nudges in public policies around the world, these results call for further research on nudges and transparency.
Intragenic heterochromatin‐mediated alternative polyadenylation modulates miRNA and pollen development in rice
Authors: You Li‐Yuan , Lin Juncheng , Xu Hua‐Wei , Chen Chun‐Xiang , Chen Jun‐Yu , Zhang Jinshan , Zhang Jian , Li Ying‐Xin , Ye Congting , Zhang Hui , Jiang Jing , Zhu Jian‐Kang , Li Qingshun Q. , Duan Cheng‐Guo 
Published: July 2021

Summary

Despite a much higher proportion of intragenic heterochromatin‐containing genes in crop genomes, the importance of intragenic heterochromatin in crop development remains unclear. Intragenic heterochromatin can be recognised by a protein complex, ASI1–AIPP1–EDM2 (AAE) complex, to regulate alternative polyadenylation.

Here, we investigated the impact of rice ASI1 on global poly(A) site usage through poly(A) sequencing and ASI1‐dependent regulation on rice development.

We found that OsASI1 is essential for rice pollen development and flowering. OsASI1 dysfunction has an important impact on global poly(A) site usage, which is closely related to heterochromatin marks. Intriguingly, OsASI1 interacts with the intronic heterochromatin of OsXRNL, a nuclear XRN family exonuclease gene involved in the processing of an miRNA precursor, to promote the processing of full‐length OsXRNL and regulate miRNA abundance. We found that OsASI1‐mediated regulation of pollen development partially depends on OsXRNL. Finally, we characterised the rice AAE complex and its involvement in alternative polyadenylation and pollen development.

Our findings help to elucidate an epigenetic mechanism governing miRNA abundance and rice development, and provide a valuable resource for studying the epigenetic mechanisms of many important processes in crops.
Quantifying and simulating carbon and nitrogen mineralization from diverse exogenous organic matters
Authors: Levavasseur Florent , Lashermes Gwenaelle , Mary Bruno , Morvan Thierry , Nicolardot Bernard , Parnaudeau Virginie , Thuriès Laurent , Houot Sabine 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe potential contributions of exogenous organic matters (EOMs) to soil organic C and mineral N supply depend on their C and N mineralization, which can be assessed in laboratory incubations. Such incubations are essential to calibrate decomposition models, because not all EOMs can be tested in the field. However, EOM incubations are resource‐intensive. Therefore, easily measurable EOM characteristics that can be useful to predict EOM behaviour are needed. We quantified C and N mineralization during the incubation of 663 EOMs from five groups (animal manures, composts, sewage sludges, digestates and others). This represents one of the largest and diversified set of EOM incubations. The C and N mineralization varied widely between and within EOM subgroups. We simulated C and N mineralization with a simple generic decomposition model. Three calibration methods were compared. Individual EOM calibration of the model yielded good model performances, while the use of a unique parameter set per EOM subgroup decreased the model performance, and the use of two EOM characteristics to estimate model parameters gave an intermediate model performance (average RMSE‐C values of 32, 99 and 65 mg C g−1 added C and average RMSE‐N values of 50, 126 and 110 mg N g−1 added N, respectively). Because of the EOM variability, individual EOM calibration based on incubation remains the recommended method for predicting most accurately the C and N mineralization of EOMs. However, the two alternative calibration methods are sufficient for the simulation of EOMs without incubation data to obtain reasonable model performances.
A Vibratory, Subresonant Diagnostic Device to Measure Dental Implant Stability Via Angular Stiffness
Authors: Xu Weiwei , Wood Darwin S. , Liu Yifeng , Shen I. Y. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Stability of a dental implant reflects quality of osseointegration between the implant and its surrounding bone. While many methods have been proposed to characterize implant stability, angular stiffness at the neck of the implant has been proven to be a rigorous and accurate measure. Nevertheless, fast and reliable measurements of the angular stiffness in a clinical environment are not yet available. This article is to demonstrate a novel stability diagnostic device that can measure the angular stiffness accurately in clinical environments. The device consists of a sensing unit, a controller unit, and a mobile app. In the sensing unit, a coupler attaches a buzzer motor and a tiny accelerometer to an abutment of an implant, whose angular stiffness is to be measured. The buzzer vibrates at a frequency below the resonance frequency of the implant–bone–abutment system. Meanwhile, the accelerometer measures the abutment's vibration. The controller unit powers the buzzer, reads the accelerometer data, and transmits the data to the mobile app. The mobile app postprocesses the data and extracts the angular stiffness through use of a finite element model and a nonlinear regression algorithm. The extracted angular stiffness is compared with a calibrated angular stiffness, which is obtained independently via a force hammer and a laser Doppler vibrometer. The comparison shows reasonable agreement, with the difference being in the range of 4–20%.
Apparatus for In Vivo Knee Laxity Assessment Using High-Speed Stereo Radiography
Authors: Andreassen Thor E. , Hamilton Landon D. , Hume Donald , Higinbotham Sean E. , Behnam Yashar , Clary Chadd , Shelburne Kevin B. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Computational modeling is of growing importance in orthopedics and biomechanics as a tool to understand differences in pathology and predict outcomes from surgical interventions. However, the computational models of the knee have historically relied on in vitro data to create and calibrate model material properties due to the unavailability of accurate in vivo data. This work demonstrates the design and use of a custom device to quantify anterior-posterior (AP) and internal-external (IE) in vivo knee laxity, with an accuracy similar to existing in vitro methods. The device uses high-speed stereo radiography (HSSR) tracking techniques to accurately measure the resulting displacements of the femur, tibia, and patella bones during knee laxity assessment at multiple loads and knee flexion angles. The accuracy of the knee laxity apparatus was determined by comparing laxity data from two cadaveric specimens between the knee laxity apparatus and an existing in vitro robotic knee joint simulator. The accuracy of the knee laxity apparatus was within 1 mm (0.04 in.) for AP and 2.5 deg for IE. Additionally, two living subjects completed knee laxity testing to confirm the laboratory use of the novel apparatus. This work demonstrates the ability to use custom devices in HSSR to collect accurate data, in vivo, for calibration of computational models.
Multiplanar Stiffness of Commercial Carbon Composite Ankle-Foot Orthoses
Authors: Shuman Benjamin R. , Russell Esposito Elizabeth 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The mechanical properties of an ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) can impact how a user's movement is either restricted or augmented by the device. However, standardized methods for assessing stiffness properties of AFOs are lacking, posing a challenge for comparing between devices and across vendors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to quantify the rotational stiffness of thirteen commercial, nonarticulated, carbon composite ankle-foot orthoses. A custom, instrumented test fixture, for evaluating mechanical properties in rotating exoskeletons (EMPIRE), deflected an AFO through 20 deg of plantar/dorsiflexion motion about a specified, but adjustable, ankle axis. Sagittal, frontal, and transverse plane rotational stiffness were calculated, and reliability was assessed between cycles, sessions, and testers. The EMPIRE demonstrated good-to-excellent reliability between testers, sessions, and cycles (intraclass correlation coefficients all ≥0.95 for sagittal plane stiffness measures). Sagittal plane AFO stiffness ranged from 0.58 N·m/deg to 3.66 N·m/deg. AFOs with a lateral strut demonstrated frontal plane stiffnesses up to 0.71 N·m/deg of eversion while those with a medial strut demonstrated frontal plane stiffnesses up to 0.53 N·m/deg of inversion. Transverse plane stiffnesses were less than 0.30 N·m/deg of internal or external rotation. These results directly compare AFOs of different models and from different manufacturers using consistent methodology and are intended as a resource for clinicians in identifying a device with stiffness properties for individual patients.
Effects of inspiratory muscle training after lung transplantation in children
Authors: Yamaga Takayoshi , Yamamoto Shuhei , Sakai Yasunari , Ichiyama Takashi 
Published: July 2021

Pulmonary rehabilitation is a cornerstone of management for patients after lung transplantation (LT), but the benefits of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) after LT in children are unclear. Therefore, we examined whether IMT can improve respiratory function and dyspnoea in a paediatric patient after LT.The patient was a 13-year-old boy who underwent double LT. However, mild physical activity such as walking triggered dyspnoea for the patient. The patient underwent IMT with the intensity of approximately 30% of his maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) for 2 months.The patient’s MIP was increased by approximately 60% after 2 months, and his forced vital capacity as a percent of the predicted normal value increased from 74.6% to 83.4%, with improvement of dyspnoea.IMT may help improve dyspnoea after LT in children with respiratory muscle weakness and a decline in respiratory function.
Symptoms of acute transfusion reactions at a general referral hospital in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Musumari Patou Masika , Mbikayi Samclide Mutindu , Srithanaviboonchai Kriengkrai , Techasrivichien Teeranee , Tangmunkongvorakul Arunrat , Tshilolo Léon 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesBlood transfusion is a life-saving procedure and is also associated with a range of risks including the occurrence of symptoms of acute transfusion reactions (ATRs). Very few studies in sub-Saharan Africa have reported on ATRs. The present study addresses this gap in the literature by documenting the prevalence of and factors associated with ATRs in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).DesignThis is a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study using blood bank data from a general referral hospital.SettingCentre Hospitalier Mère-Enfant (CHME) Monkole, a general referral hospital in Kinshasa, DRC.ParticipantsGeneral population who have received blood transfusion in CHME Monkole between 2014 and 2019.ResultsThe data set included a total of 7166 patients; 3153 (44%) men and 4013 (56%) women. The overall prevalence of symptoms of ATRs was 2.6%; the lowest prevalence was in 2017 (2.34%) and highest in 2018 (2.95%) and 2019 (2.94%). The documented symptoms included 74 (39.6%) cases of dyspnoea/respiratory distress, 60 (32.1%) cases of fever, 36 (19.2%) cases of pruritus/urticaria and 17 (9.1%) cases of vomiting. None of the studied factors was associated with symptoms of ATRs.ConclusionSymptoms of ATRs were not uncommon in the studied population. Dyspnoea and respiratory distress, fever and pruritus/urticaria were the most common symptoms of ATRs. This study highlights the need for a clinical and biological surveillance to detect, prevent and manage ATRs in the context of the DRC.
Discharge communication study: a realist evaluation of discharge communication experiences of patients, general practitioners and hospital practitioners, alongside a corresponding discharge letter sample
Authors: Weetman Katharine , Dale Jeremy , Scott Emma , Schnurr Stephanie 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesTo develop a programme theory for the intervention of patients receiving discharge letters.DesignWe used a realist evaluation approach and captured multiple perspectives of hospital discharge to refine our previously developed programme theory. General practitioner (GP), patient and hospital clinician views of a single discharge event in which they were all involved were collected using semi-structured interviews and surveys. These were then triangulated to match the corresponding discharge letter. Data were qualitatively synthesised and compared in meta-matrices before interrogation with realist logic of analysis to develop the programme theory that maps out how patients receiving discharge letters works in specific contexts.Setting14 GP practices and four hospital trusts in West Midlands, UK.Participants10 complete matched cases (GP, patient and hospital practitioner), and a further 26 cases in which a letter was matched with two out of the three participants.ResultsWe identified seven context mechanism outcome configurations not found through literature searching. These related to the broad concepts of: patient preference for receiving letters, patient comprehension of letters, patient-directed letters, patient harm and clinician views on patients receiving letters. ‘Patient choice’ was important to the success (or not) of the intervention. Other important contexts for positive effects included: letters written in plain English, lay explanations for jargon, verbal information also provided, no new information in letter and patient choice acknowledged. Three key findings were: patient understanding is perhaps greater than clinicians perceive, clinician attitudes are a barrier to patients receiving letters and that, negative outcomes more commonly manifested when patients had not received letters, rather than when they had.ConclusionsWe suggest how patients receiving discharge letters could be improved to enhance patient outcomes. Our programme theory has potential for use in different healthcare contexts and as a framework for policy development relating to patient discharge.
How stress, discrimination, acculturation and the gut microbiome affect depression, anxiety and sleep among Chinese and Korean immigrants in the USA: a cross-sectional pilot study protocol
Authors: Kim Sangmi , Zhang Wenhui , Pak Victoria , Aqua Jasmine Ko , Hertzberg Vicki Stover , Spahr Chandler M , Slavich George M. , Bai Jinbing 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionAlthough a considerable proportion of Asians in the USA experience depression, anxiety and poor sleep, these health issues have been underestimated due to the model minority myth about Asians, the stigma associated with mental illness, lower rates of treatment seeking and a shortage of culturally tailored mental health services. Indeed, despite emerging evidence of links between psychosocial risk factors, the gut microbiome and depression, anxiety and sleep quality, very few studies have examined how these factors are related in Chinese and Korean immigrants in the USA. The purpose of this pilot study was to address this issue by (a) testing the usability and feasibility of the study’s multilingual survey measures and biospecimen collection procedure among Chinese and Korean immigrants in the USA and (b) examining how stress, discrimination, acculturation and the gut microbiome are associated with depression, anxiety and sleep quality in this population.Method and analysisThis is a cross-sectional pilot study among first and second generations of adult Chinese and Korean immigrants in the greater Atlanta area (Georgia, USA). We collected (a) gut microbiome samples and (b) data on psychosocial risk factors, depression, anxiety and sleep disturbance using validated, online surveys in English, Chinese and Korean. We aim to recruit 60 participants (30 Chinese, 30 Korean). We will profile participants’ gut microbiome using 16S rRNA V3-V4 sequencing data, which will be analysed by QIIME 2. Associations of the gut microbiome and psychosocial factors with depression, anxiety and sleep disturbance will be analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including linear regression.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board at Emory University (IRB ID: STUDY00000935). Results will be made available to Chinese and Korean community members, the funder and other researchers and the broader scientific community.
Comparison of antimicrobial efficacy of Calcipex and Metapex in endodontic treatment of chronic apical periodontitis: a randomised controlled trial study protocol
Authors: Motiwala Momina Anis , Habib Saqib , Ghafoor Robia , Irfan Seema 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionVarious intracanal medicaments have been used in cases of chronic apical periodontitis for appropriate disinfection of the root canal system to eliminate microbes especially from the inaccessible areas. Calcium hydroxide is the most common intracanal medicament available in various forms, but its effectiveness with or without iodoform using microbial culture is unknown. Therefore, our aim is to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of Calcipex and Metapex in endodontic treatment of teeth presenting with chronic apical periodontitis by assessing the bacterial load reduction.Method and analysis60 single rooted teeth of patients with diagnosis of chronic apical periodontitis will be selected and the canals debrided chemomechanically. The patients will be randomised into two groups: Calcipex and Metapex. The first sample (S1) for bacterial culture will be taken before placement of intracanal medicament and the second sample (S2) will be taken after 7 days, before final obturation from the canal and sent to lab for culture. Colony-forming unit will be evaluated. Paired t-test will be used to assess difference between antimicrobial efficacies within the group of medicaments. Independent sample t-test will be used to assess antimicrobial efficacies between groups. Level of significance will be kept at 0.05.Ethics and disseminationApproval from Aga Khan University Hospital Ethical review committee is taken. Findings will be reported according to the Standard Protocol Items for Randomised Trials guidelines. Research findings will be disseminated through annual reports, peer-reviewed journals and conferences.Trial registration numberNCT04336709.