bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dwarf planet (1) Ceres surface bluing due to high porosity resulting from sublimation
Authors: Schröder Stefan E. , Poch Olivier , Ferrari Marco , Angelis Simone De , Sultana Robin , Potin Sandra M. , Beck Pierre , De Sanctis Maria Cristina , Schmitt Bernard 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Dawn mission found that the dominant colour variation on the surface of dwarf planet Ceres is a change of the visible spectral slope, where fresh impact craters are surrounded by blue (negative spectral-sloped) ejecta. The origin of this colour variation is still a mystery. Here we investigate a scenario in which an impact mixes the phyllosilicates present on the surface of Ceres with the water ice just below. In our experiment, Ceres analogue material is suspended in liquid water to create intimately mixed ice particles, which are sublimated under conditions approximating those on Ceres. The sublimation residue has a highly porous, foam-like structure made of phyllosilicates that scattered light in similar blue fashion as the Ceres surface. Our experiment provides a mechanism for the blue colour of fresh craters that can naturally emerge from the Ceres environment.
Pyroelectric nanoplates for reduction of CO2 to methanol driven by temperature-variation
Authors: Xiao Lingbo , Xu Xiaoli , Jia Yanmin , Hu Ge , Hu Jun , Yuan Biao , Yu Yi , Zou Guifu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) is a problematic greenhouse gas, although its conversion to alternative fuels represents a promising approach to limit its long-term effects. Here, pyroelectric nanostructured materials are shown to utilize temperature-variations and to reduce CO2 for methanol. Layered perovskite bismuth tungstate nanoplates harvest heat energy from temperature-variation, driving pyroelectric catalytic CO2 reduction for methanol at temperatures between 15 °C and 70 °C. The methanol yield can be as high as 55.0 μmol⋅g−1 after experiencing 20 cycles of temperature-variation. This efficient, cost-effective, and environmental-friendly pyroelectric catalytic CO2 reduction route provides an avenue towards utilizing natural diurnal temperature-variation for future methanol economy.
Structural insights into TSC complex assembly and GAP activity on Rheb
Authors: Yang Huirong , Yu Zishuo , Chen Xizi , Li Jiabei , Li Ningning , Cheng Jiaxuan , Gao Ning , Yuan Hai-Xin , Ye Dan , Guan Kun-Liang , Xu Yanhui 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) integrates upstream stimuli and regulates cell growth by controlling the activity of mTORC1. TSC complex functions as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) towards small GTPase Rheb and inhibits Rheb-mediated activation of mTORC1. Mutations in TSC genes cause tuberous sclerosis. In this study, the near-atomic resolution structure of human TSC complex reveals an arch-shaped architecture, with a 2:2:1 stoichiometry of TSC1, TSC2, and TBC1D7. This asymmetric complex consists of two interweaved TSC1 coiled-coil and one TBC1D7 that spans over the tail-to-tail TSC2 dimer. The two TSC2 GAP domains are symmetrically cradled within the core module formed by TSC2 dimerization domain and central coiled-coil of TSC1. Structural and biochemical analyses reveal TSC2 GAP-Rheb complimentary interactions and suggest a catalytic mechanism, by which an asparagine thumb (N1643) stabilizes γ-phosphate of GTP and accelerate GTP hydrolysis of Rheb. Our study reveals mechanisms of TSC complex assembly and GAP activity.
circNDUFB2 inhibits non-small cell lung cancer progression via destabilizing IGF2BPs and activating anti-tumor immunity
Authors: Li Botai , Zhu Lili , Lu Chunlai , Wang Cun , Wang Hui , Jin Haojie , Ma Xuhui , Cheng Zhuoan , Yu Chengtao , Wang Siying , Zuo Qiaozhu , Zhou Yangyang , Wang Jun , Yang Chen , Lv Yuanyuan , Jiang Liyan , Qin Wenxin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNA) are a class of covalently closed single-stranded RNAs that have been implicated in cancer progression. Here we identify circNDUFB2 to be downregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues, and to negatively correlate with NSCLC malignant features. Elevated circNDUFB2 inhibits growth and metastasis of NSCLC cells. Mechanistically, circNDUFB2 functions as a scaffold to enhance the interaction between TRIM25 and IGF2BPs, a positive regulator of tumor progression and metastasis. This TRIM25/circNDUFB2/IGF2BPs ternary complex facilitates ubiquitination and degradation of IGF2BPs, with this effect enhanced by N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of circNDUFB2. Moreover, circNDUFB2 is also recognized by RIG-I to activate RIG-I-MAVS signaling cascades and recruit immune cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME). Our data thus provide evidences that circNDUFB2 participates in the degradation of IGF2BPs and activation of anti-tumor immunity during NSCLC progression via the modulation of both protein ubiquitination and degradation, as well as cellular immune responses.
Reconciling bubble nucleation in explosive eruptions with geospeedometers
Authors: Hajimirza Sahand , Gonnermann Helge M. , Gardner James E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMagma from Plinian volcanic eruptions contains an extraordinarily large numbers of bubbles. Nucleation of those bubbles occurs because pressure decreases as magma rises to the surface. As a consequence, dissolved magmatic volatiles, such as water, become supersaturated and cause bubbles to nucleate. At the same time, diffusion of volatiles into existing bubbles reduces supersaturation, resulting in a dynamical feedback between rates of nucleation due to magma decompression and volatile diffusion. Because nucleation rate increases with supersaturation, bubble number density (BND) provides a proxy record of decompression rate, and hence the intensity of eruption dynamics. Using numerical modeling of bubble nucleation, we reconcile a long-standing discrepancy in decompression rate estimated from BND and independent geospeedometers. We demonstrate that BND provides a record of the time-averaged decompression rate that is consistent with independent geospeedometers, if bubble nucleation is heterogeneous and facilitated by magnetite crystals.
Inferring high-resolution human mixing patterns for disease modeling
Authors: Mistry Dina , Litvinova Maria , Pastore y Piontti Ana , Chinazzi Matteo , Fumanelli Laura , Gomes Marcelo F. C. , Haque Syed A. , Liu Quan-Hui , Mu Kunpeng , Xiong Xinyue , Halloran M. Elizabeth , Longini Ira M. , Merler Stefano , Ajelli Marco , Vespignani Alessandro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMathematical and computational modeling approaches are increasingly used as quantitative tools in the analysis and forecasting of infectious disease epidemics. The growing need for realism in addressing complex public health questions is, however, calling for accurate models of the human contact patterns that govern the disease transmission processes. Here we present a data-driven approach to generate effective population-level contact matrices by using highly detailed macro (census) and micro (survey) data on key socio-demographic features. We produce age-stratified contact matrices for 35 countries, including 277 sub-national administratvie regions of 8 of those countries, covering approximately 3.5 billion people and reflecting the high degree of cultural and societal diversity of the focus countries. We use the derived contact matrices to model the spread of airborne infectious diseases and show that sub-national heterogeneities in human mixing patterns have a marked impact on epidemic indicators such as the reproduction number and overall attack rate of epidemics of the same etiology. The contact patterns derived here are made publicly available as a modeling tool to study the impact of socio-economic differences and demographic heterogeneities across populations on the epidemiology of infectious diseases.
Deep subwavelength control of valley polarized cathodoluminescence in h-BN/WSe2/h-BN heterostructure
Authors: Zheng Liheng , Liu Zhixin , Liu Donglin , Wang Xingguo , Li Yu , Jiang Meiling , Lin Feng , Zhang Han , Shen Bo , Zhu Xing , Gong Yongji , Fang Zheyu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractValley pseudospin in transition metal dichalcogenides monolayers intrinsically provides additional possibility to control valley carriers, raising a great impact on valleytronics in following years. The spin-valley locking directly contributes to optical selection rules which allow for valley-dependent addressability of excitons by helical optical pumping. As a binary photonic addressable route, manipulation of valley polarization states is indispensable while effective control methods at deep-subwavelength scale are still limited. Here, we report the excitation and control of valley polarization in h-BN/WSe2/h-BN and Au nanoantenna hybrid structure by electron beam. Near-field circularly polarized dipole modes can be excited via precise stimulation and generate the valley polarized cathodoluminescence via near-field interaction. Effective manipulation of valley polarization degree can be realized by variation of excitation position. This report provides a near-field excitation methodology of valley polarization, which offers exciting opportunities for deep-subwavelength valleytronics investigation, optoelectronic circuits integration and future quantum information technologies.
Accurate protein structure prediction with hydroxyl radical protein footprinting data
Authors: Biehn Sarah E. , Lindert Steffen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHydroxyl radical protein footprinting (HRPF) in combination with mass spectrometry reveals the relative solvent exposure of labeled residues within a protein, thereby providing insight into protein tertiary structure. HRPF labels nineteen residues with varying degrees of reliability and reactivity. Here, we are presenting a dynamics-driven HRPF-guided algorithm for protein structure prediction. In a benchmark test of our algorithm, usage of the dynamics data in a score term resulted in notable improvement of the root-mean-square deviations of the lowest-scoring ab initio models and improved the funnel-like metric Pnear for all benchmark proteins. We identified models with accurate atomic detail for three of the four benchmark proteins. This work suggests that HRPF data along with side chain dynamics sampled by a Rosetta mover ensemble can be used to accurately predict protein structure.
Overexpression of neuregulin 1 in GABAergic interneurons results in reversible cortical disinhibition
Authors: Wang Yao-Yi , Zhao Bing , Wu Meng-Meng , Zheng Xiao-Li , Lin Longnian , Yin Dong-Min 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCortical disinhibition is a common feature of several neuropsychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia, autism and intellectual disabilities. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. To mimic increased expression of Nrg1, a schizophrenia susceptibility gene in GABAergic interneurons from patients with schizophrenia, we generated gtoNrg1 mice with overexpression of Nrg1 in GABAergic interneurons. gtoNrg1 mice showed cortical disinhibition at the cellular, synaptic, neural network and behavioral levels. We revealed that the intracellular domain of NRG1 interacts with the cytoplasmic loop 1 of Nav1.1, a sodium channel critical for the excitability of GABAergic interneurons, and inhibits Nav currents. Intriguingly, activation of GABAergic interneurons or restoring NRG1 expression in adulthood could rescue the hyperactivity and impaired social novelty in gtoNrg1 mice. These results identify mechanisms underlying cortical disinhibition related to schizophrenia and raise the possibility that restoration of NRG1 signaling and GABAergic function is beneficial in certain neuropsychiatric disorders.
Ultra-high dynamic range quantum measurement retaining its sensitivity
Authors: Herbschleb E. D. , Kato H. , Makino T. , Yamasaki S. , Mizuochi N. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractQuantum sensors are highly sensitive since they capitalise on fragile quantum properties such as coherence, while enabling ultra-high spatial resolution. For sensing, the crux is to minimise the measurement uncertainty in a chosen range within a given time. However, basic quantum sensing protocols cannot simultaneously achieve both a high sensitivity and a large range. Here, we demonstrate a non-adaptive algorithm for increasing this range, in principle without limit, for alternating-current field sensing, while being able to get arbitrarily close to the best possible sensitivity. Therefore, it outperforms the standard measurement concept in both sensitivity and range. Also, we explore this algorithm thoroughly by simulation, and discuss the T−2 scaling that this algorithm approaches in the coherent regime, as opposed to the T−1/2 of the standard measurement. The same algorithm can be applied to any modulo-limited sensor.
Viral speciation through subcellular genetic isolation and virogenesis incompatibility
Authors: Chaikeeratisak Vorrapon , Birkholz Erica A. , Prichard Amy M. , Egan MacKennon E. , Mylvara Avani , Nonejuie Poochit , Nguyen Katrina T. , Sugie Joseph , Meyer Justin R. , Pogliano Joe 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUnderstanding how biological species arise is critical for understanding the evolution of life on Earth. Bioinformatic analyses have recently revealed that viruses, like multicellular life, form reproductively isolated biological species. Viruses are known to share high rates of genetic exchange, so how do they evolve genetic isolation? Here, we evaluate two related bacteriophages and describe three factors that limit genetic exchange between them: 1) A nucleus-like compartment that physically separates replicating phage genomes, thereby limiting inter-phage recombination during co-infection; 2) A tubulin-based spindle that orchestrates phage replication and forms nonfunctional hybrid polymers; and 3) A nuclear incompatibility factor that reduces phage fitness. Together, these traits maintain species differences through Subcellular Genetic Isolation where viral genomes are physically separated during co-infection, and Virogenesis Incompatibility in which the interaction of cross-species components interferes with viral production.
Selective filling of n-hexane in a tight nanopore
Authors: Qu Haoran , Rayabharam Archith , Wu Xiaojian , Wang Peng , Li Yunfeng , Fagan Jeffrey , Aluru Narayana R. , Wang YuHuang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMolecular sieving may occur when two molecules compete for a nanopore. In nearly all known examples, the nanopore is larger than the molecule that selectively enters the pore. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the ability of single-wall carbon nanotubes with a van der Waals pore size of 0.42 nm to separate n-hexane from cyclohexane—despite the fact that both molecules have kinetic diameters larger than the rigid nanopore. This unexpected finding challenges our current understanding of nanopore selectivity and how molecules may enter a tight channel. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations reveal that n-hexane molecules stretch by nearly 11.2% inside the nanotube pore. Although at a relatively low probability (28.5% overall), the stretched state of n-hexane does exist in the bulk solution, allowing the molecule to enter the tight pore even at room temperature. These insights open up opportunities to engineer nanopore selectivity based on the molecular degrees of freedom.
Carbon nano-onion-mediated dual targeting of P-selectin and P-glycoprotein to overcome cancer drug resistance
Authors: Wang Hai , Liang Yutong , Yin Yue , Zhang Jie , Su Wen , White Alisa M. , Bin Jiang  , Xu Jiangsheng , Zhang Yuntian , Stewart Samantha , Lu Xiongbin , He Xiaoming 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe transmembrane P-glycoprotein (P-gp) pumps that efflux drugs are a major mechanism of cancer drug resistance. They are also important in protecting normal tissue cells from poisonous xenobiotics and endogenous metabolites. Here, we report a fucoidan-decorated silica-carbon nano-onion (FSCNO) hybrid nanoparticle that targets tumor vasculature to specifically release P-gp inhibitor and anticancer drug into tumor cells. The tumor vasculature targeting capability of the nanoparticle is demonstrated using multiple models. Moreover, we reveal the superior light absorption property of nano-onion in the near infrared region (NIR), which enables triggered drug release from the nanoparticle at a low NIR power. The released inhibitor selectively binds to P-gp pumps and disables their function, which improves the bioavailability of anticancer drug inside the cells. Furthermore, free P-gp inhibitor significantly increases the systemic toxicity of a chemotherapy drug, which can be resolved by delivering them with FSCNO nanoparticles in combination with a short low-power NIR laser irradiation.
Recurrent network dynamics shape direction selectivity in primary auditory cortex
Authors: Aponte Destinee A. , Handy Gregory , Kline Amber M. , Tsukano Hiroaki , Doiron Brent , Kato Hiroyuki K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDetecting the direction of frequency modulation (FM) is essential for vocal communication in both animals and humans. Direction-selective firing of neurons in the primary auditory cortex (A1) has been classically attributed to temporal offsets between feedforward excitatory and inhibitory inputs. However, it remains unclear how cortical recurrent circuitry contributes to this computation. Here, we used two-photon calcium imaging and whole-cell recordings in awake mice to demonstrate that direction selectivity is not caused by temporal offsets between synaptic currents, but by an asymmetry in total synaptic charge between preferred and non-preferred directions. Inactivation of cortical somatostatin-expressing interneurons (SOM cells) reduced direction selectivity, revealing its cortical contribution. Our theoretical models showed that charge asymmetry arises due to broad spatial topography of SOM cell-mediated inhibition which regulates signal amplification in strongly recurrent circuitry. Together, our findings reveal a major contribution of recurrent network dynamics in shaping cortical tuning to behaviorally relevant complex sounds.
Structural basis of GABARAP-mediated GABAA receptor trafficking and functions on GABAergic synaptic transmission
Authors: Ye Jin , Zou Guichang , Zhu Ruichi , Kong Chao , Miao Chenjian , Zhang Mingjie , Li Jianchao , Xiong Wei , Wang Chao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGABAA receptors (GABAARs) are the primary fast inhibitory ion channels in the central nervous system. Dysfunction of trafficking and localization of GABAARs to cell membranes is clinically associated with severe psychiatric disorders in humans. The GABARAP protein is known to support the stability of GABAARs in synapses, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, we show that GABARAP/GABARAPL1 directly binds to a previously unappreciated region in the γ2 subunit of GABAAR. We demonstrate that GABARAP functions to stabilize GABAARs via promoting its trafficking pathway instead of blocking receptor endocytosis. The GABARAPL1–γ2-GABAAR crystal structure reveals the mechanisms underlying the complex formation. We provide evidence showing that phosphorylation of γ2-GABAAR differentially modulate the receptor’s binding to GABARAP and the clathrin adaptor protein AP2. Finally, we demonstrate that GABAergic synaptic currents are reduced upon specific blockage of the GABARAP–GABAAR complex formation. Collectively, our results reveal that GABARAP/GABARAPL1, but not other members of the Atg8 family proteins, specifically regulates synaptic localization of GABAARs via modulating the trafficking of the receptor.
Assembling mitogenome of Himalayan Black Bear (U. t. laniger) from low depth reads and its application in drawing phylogenetic inferences
Authors: Bit Amrita , Thakur Mukesh , Singh Sujeet Kumar , Joshi Bheem Dutt , Singh Vinay Kumar , Sharma Lalit Kumar , Tripathy Basudev , Chandra Kailash 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe complete mitogenome of Himalayan black bear (Ursus thibetanus laniger) from Indian Himalayan region was assembled following the modified approach of mitochondrial baiting and mapping using the next-generation sequencing reads. The complete mitogenome was of 16,556 bp long, consisted of 37 genes that contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs and 1 control region. The complete base composition was 31.33% A, 15.24% G, 25.45%C, and 27.98%T and gene arrangement was similar to the other sub-species of Asiatic black bear. The relative synonymous codon usage analysis revealed the maximum abundance of Isoleucine, Tyrosine, Leucine and Threonine. The assembled mitogenome of U. t. laniger exhibited 99% similarity with the mitogenomes of Himalayan black bear available from Nepal and Tibetan Plateau-Himalaya region. The findings of the present study has proven low depth sequencing data, adequate and highly efficient in rapid recovering the mitochondrial genome by overcoming the conventional strategies of obtaining long-range PCR and subsequently drawing phylogenetic inferences.
Assumptions about fence permeability influence density estimates for brown hyaenas across South Africa
Authors: Williams Kathryn S. , Williams Samual T. , Welch Rebecca J. , Marneweck Courtney J. , Mann Gareth K. H. , Pitman Ross T. , Whittington-Jones Gareth , Balme Guy A. , Parker Daniel M. , Hill Russell A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWildlife population density estimates provide information on the number of individuals in an area and influence conservation management decisions. Thus, accuracy is vital. A dominant feature in many landscapes globally is fencing, yet the implications of fence permeability on density estimation using spatial capture-recapture modelling are seldom considered. We used camera trap data from 15 fenced reserves across South Africa to examine the density of brown hyaenas (Parahyaena brunnea). We estimated density and modelled its relationship with a suite of covariates when fenced reserve boundaries were assumed to be permeable or impermeable to hyaena movements. The best performing models were those that included only the influence of study site on both hyaena density and detection probability, regardless of assumptions of fence permeability. When fences were considered impermeable, densities ranged from 2.55 to 15.06 animals per 100 km2, but when fences were considered permeable, density estimates were on average 9.52 times lower (from 0.17 to 1.59 animals per 100 km2). Fence permeability should therefore be an essential consideration when estimating density, especially since density results can considerably influence wildlife management decisions. In the absence of strong evidence to the contrary, future studies in fenced areas should assume some degree of permeability in order to avoid overestimating population density.