bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiative classical gravitational observables at $$ \mathcal{O} $$(G3) from scattering amplitudes
Authors: Herrmann Enrico , Parra-Martinez Julio , Ruf Michael S. , Zeng Mao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We compute classical gravitational observables for the scattering of two spinless black holes in general relativity and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
=8 supergravity in the formalism of Kosower, Maybee, and O’Connell (KMOC). We focus on the gravitational impulse with radiation reaction and the radiated momentum in black hole scattering at $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(G3) to all orders in the velocity. These classical observables require the construction and evaluation of certain loop-level quantities which are greatly simplified by harnessing recent advances from scattering amplitudes and collider physics. In particular, we make use of generalized unitarity to construct the relevant loop integrands, employ reverse unitarity, the method of regions, integration-by-parts (IBP), and (canonical) differential equations to simplify and evaluate all loop and phase-space integrals to obtain the classical gravitational observables of interest to two-loop order. The KMOC formalism naturally incorporates radiation effects which enables us to explore these classical quantities beyond the conservative two-body dynamics. From the impulse and the radiated momentum, we extract the scattering angle and the radiated energy. Finally, we discuss universality of the impulse in the high-energy limit and the relation to the eikonal phase.
Uniform convergence of operator semigroups without time regularity
Authors: Dobrick Alexander , Glück Jochen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhen we are interested in the long-term behaviour of solutions to linear evolution equations, a large variety of techniques from the theory of $$C_0$$

C
0

-semigroups is at our disposal. However, if we consider for instance parabolic equations with unbounded coefficients on $${\mathbb {R}}^d$$

R

d

, the solution semigroup will not be strongly continuous, in general. For such semigroups many tools that can be used to investigate the asymptotic behaviour of $$C_0$$

C
0

-semigroups are not available anymore and, hence, much less is known about their long-time behaviour. Motivated by this observation, we prove new characterisations of the operator norm convergence of general semigroup representations—without any time regularity assumptions—by adapting the concept of the “semigroup at infinity”, recently introduced by M. Haase and the second named author. Besides its independence of time regularity, our approach also allows us to treat the discrete-time case (i.e. powers of a single operator) and even more abstract semigroup representations within the same unified setting. As an application of our results, we prove a convergence theorem for solutions to systems of parabolic equations with the aforementioned properties.
High-resolution association mapping with libraries of immortalized lines from ancestral landraces
Authors: Würschum Tobias , Weiß Thea M. , Renner Juliane , Friedrich Utz H. , Gierl Alfons , Jonczyk Rafal , Römisch-Margl Lilla , Schipprack Wolfgang , Schön Chris-Carolin , Schrag Tobias A. , Leiser Willmar L. , Melchinger Albrecht E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractKey messageAssociation mapping with immortalized lines of landraces offers several advantages including a high mapping resolution, as demonstrated here in maize by identifying the causal variants underlying QTL for oil content and the metabolite allantoin.AbstractLandraces are traditional varieties of crops that present a valuable yet largely untapped reservoir of genetic variation to meet future challenges of agriculture. Here, we performed association mapping in a panel comprising 358 immortalized maize lines from six European Flint landraces. Linkage disequilibrium decayed much faster in the landraces than in the elite lines included for comparison, permitting a high mapping resolution. We demonstrate this by fine-mapping a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for oil content down to the phenylalanine insertion F469 inDGAT1-2as the causal variant. For the metabolite allantoin, related to abiotic stress response, we identified promoter polymorphisms and differential expression of an allantoinase as putative cause of variation. Our results demonstrate the power of this approach to dissect QTL potentially down to the causal variants, toward the utilization of natural or engineered alleles in breeding. Moreover, we provide guidelines for studies using ancestral landraces for crop genetic research and breeding.
Physiologically based kinetic modelling predicts the in vivo relative potency of riddelliine N-oxide compared to riddelliine in rat to be dose dependent
Authors: Widjaja Frances , Wesseling Sebastiaan , Rietjens Ivonne M. C. M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are toxic plant constituents occurring often in their N-oxide form. This raises the question on the relative potency (REP) values of PA-N-oxides compared to the corresponding parent PAs. The present study aims to quantify the in vivo REP value of riddelliine N-oxide compared to riddelliine using physiologically based kinetic (PBK) modelling, taking into account that the toxicity of riddelliine N-oxide depends on its conversion to riddelliine by intestinal microbiota and in the liver. The models predicted a lower Cmax and higher Tmax for the blood concentration of riddelliine upon oral administration of riddelliine N-oxide compared to the Cmax and Tmax predicted for an equimolar oral dose of riddelliine. Comparison of the area under the riddelliine concentration–time curve (AUCRID) obtained upon dosing either the N-oxide or riddelliine itself revealed a ratio of 0.67, which reflects the in vivo REP for riddelliine N-oxide compared to riddelliine, and appeared to closely match the REP value derived from available in vivo data. The models also predicted that the REP value will decrease with increasing dose level, because of saturation of riddelliine N-oxide reduction by the intestinal microbiota and of riddelliine clearance by the liver. It is concluded that PBK modeling provides a way to define in vivo REP values of PA-N-oxides as compared to their parent PAs, without a need for animal experiments.
Psychocardiological assessment in the acute phase of the takotsubo syndrome
Authors: Weihs Valerie , Pogran Edita , Kunschitz Evelyn , Weihs Wolfgang , Prinz Erika , Eichenberg Christiane , Fiegl Jutta , Friedrich Oliver , Huber Kurt 
Published: October 2021

Summary
Objective
To analyze the psychocardiological profile and the clinical characteristics in the acute phase of takotsubo syndrome (TTS).

Methods
Prospective multicenter cohort study of TTS patients evaluating the clinical characteristics as well as the prevalence of somatic, depressive, panic, stress and anxiety disorders. Assessment of illness perception and resilience in the acute phase of the syndrome.

Results
All 27 evaluated TTS patients were female with a mean age of 68 years (±11.4 years). The apical type of TTS was found in 60% of patients, followed by the combined type of TTS in 30% of patients. Main clinical symptom leading to hospital admission was chest pain in nearly 80% of patients. An ST-segment elevation mimicking acute myocardial infarction was found in 44% of patients and T wave inversion in 26% of patients. An endogenous (emotional) stress event was found in 17 patients (63.0%), an exogenous (physical) stress event in 5 patients (18.5%) and a combined stress event in 2 patients (7.4%). In 11.1% of patients (n = 3) no stress event could be found. Moderate to high levels of illness threatening were found in 48% of patients and low to moderate resilience scores were found in 40% of patients. Somatic disorders were found in half of the patients (56%) followed by depressive disorders in 26% of patients.

Conclusion
Moderate to low resilience scores and moderate to high levels of illness threatening can be seen in the acute phase of TTS, reflecting the severity of the experience as an adverse life event. Patients suffering from TTS present in the acute phase with a high prevalence of somatic disorders and relatively high prevalence of depressive disorders.
Verkürzte Lebensdauertests von Zahnradgetrieben unter Lastkollektivbeanspruchung
Authors: Hein Michael , Tobie Thomas , Stahl Karsten 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen dieses Beitrags wird ein Vorgehensmodell zur Planung und Durchführung von verkürzten Lebensdauertests bei Zahnradgetrieben vorgestellt, um einen zuverlässigen Betrieb zu ermöglichen. Die Methodik wurde im Hinblick auf die üblicherweise auftretende Lastkollektivbelastung hergeleitet, ist aber ebenso auf Einstufenbelastungen, wie sie häufig in Prüfläufen verwendet werden, anwendbar.Das allgemeine Vorgehen ist in zwei Schritte gegliedert. Zunächst erfolgt eine Raffung des zu Grunde liegenden Lastkollektiv unter Beibehaltung des maßgeblichen Schadensmechanismus. Anschließend werden die Versuche unter den Gesichtspunkten statistische Auswertung, detaillierte Lebensdauerberechnung und Werkstoffanalyse geplant und ausgewertet. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags wird besonders die statistische Auswertung betrachtet, welche auch eine Abschätzung der Zuverlässigkeit von Zahnradgetrieben bei Lastkollektivbelastung ermöglicht.
Experimentelle Untersuchungen an feststoffgeschmierten Wälzlagern im Hochvakuum
Authors: Werner M. , Emrich S. , Sauer B. , Kopnarski M. , Thielen S. 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen dieses Beitrags werden Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung an feststoffgeschmierten Wälzlagern vorgestellt. Betrachtet werden dabei Lager, welche einen speziellen, modifizierten Käfig verwenden. Die Käfigtaschen des Käfigs dienen dabei, zusätzlich zu ihrer ursprünglichen Funktion, der Führung der Wälzkörper, als Schmierstoffdepot. Es werden zunächst Prüfaufbau und die Versuchsbedingungen erläutert und in diesem Zusammenhang wird gezeigt, dass der in diesem Beitrag verwendete Aufbau, verglichen mit dem Aufbau vorangegangener Arbeiten, eine deutlich reduzierte Streuung aufweist. Als eine nicht zu vernachlässigende Fehlerquelle bei der gravimetrischen Bestimmung des Käfigtaschenverschleißes wurde das hygroskopische Verhalten des Polymercompounds identifiziert. Einer Verfälschung dieser Messergebnisse durch die unkontrollierte Feuchtigkeitsaufnahme aus der Umgebung, muss durch einen zeitlich vorgelagerten Trocknungsprozess unter definierten Bedingungen vorgebeugt werden. Zudem wird gezeigt, dass die Käfigtaschen sowohl durch den Innenring des Lagers, als auch durch die Wälzkörper verschlissen werden. Hierbei wird eine Messmethode zur Ermittlung der, durch den Innenring verschlissenen, Materialmenge vorgestellt. Durch Oberflächenanalysen der Messingstruktur des Käfigs wird eine Reduzierung des Zinks nachgewiesen, sowie eine Änderung der Oberflächenstruktur festgestellt. Als Ursache wird ein Sublimieren des Zinks aufgrund der Versuchsbedingungen vermutet. Weiterhin wird gezeigt, dass die Prüftemperatur von 300 °C zu einem Schrumpfen der Lagerringe führt. Eine Vorwegnahme dieser Maßverringerung ist durch Temperierung bei 300 °C für 48 h möglich.
Whole blood viscosity is associated with baseline cerebral perfusion in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Gyawali Prajwal , Lillicrap Thomas Patrick , Tomari Shinya , Bivard Andrew , Holliday Elizabeth , Parsons Mark , Levi Christopher , Garcia-Esperon Carlos , Spratt Neil 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhole blood viscosity (WBV) is the intrinsic resistance to flow developed due to the frictional force between adjacent layers of flowing blood. Elevated WBV is an independent risk factor for stroke. Poor microcirculation due to elevated WBV can prevent adequate perfusion of the brain and might act as an important secondary factor for hypoperfusion in acute ischaemic stroke. In the present study, we examined the association of WBV with basal cerebral perfusion assessed by CT perfusion in acute ischaemic stroke. Confirmed acute ischemic stroke patients (n = 82) presenting in hours were recruited from the single centre. Patients underwent baseline multimodal CT (non-contrast CT, CT angiography and CT perfusion). Where clinically warranted, patients also underwent follow-up DWI. WBV was measured in duplicate within 2 h after sampling from 5-mL EDTA blood sample. WBV was significantly correlated with CT perfusion parameters such as perfusion lesion volume, ischemic core volume and mismatch ratio; DWI volume and baseline NIHSS. In a multivariate linear regression model, WBV significantly predicted acute perfusion lesion volume, core volume and mismatch ratio after adjusting for the effect of occlusion site and collateral status. Association of WBV with hypoperfusion (increased perfusion lesion volume, ischaemic core volume and mismatch ratio) suggest the role of erythrocyte rheology in cerebral haemodynamic of acute ischemic stroke. The present findings open new possibilities for therapeutic strategies targeting erythrocyte rheology to improve cerebral microcirculation in stroke.
The impact of intermediaries on a negotiation: an approach from game theory
Authors: López Susana , Owen Guillermo , Saboya Martha 
Published: October 2021

AbstractStandard approaches to model interaction networks are limited in their capacity to describe the nuances of real communication. We present a game theoretical framework to quantify the effect of intermediaries on the interaction between agents. Inspired by the seminal work Myerson (1977). on cooperative structures in cooperative games, we set the basis for multidimensional network analysis within game theory. More specifically, an extension of the point-arc game Feltkamp and van den Nouwe51 land (1992). is introduced, generalizing the analysis of cooperative games to multigraphs. An efficient algorithm is proposed for the computation of Shapley value of this game. We prove the validity of our approach by applying it to a intermediaries network model. We are able to recover meaningful results on the dependence of the game outcome on the intermediaries network. This work contributes to the optimal design of networks in economic environments and allows the ranking of players in complex networks.
Advances in ultrasonography: image formation and quality assessment
Authors: Hasegawa Hideyuki 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDelay-and-sum (DAS) beamforming is widely used for generation of B-mode images from echo signals obtained with an array probe composed of transducer elements. However, the resolution and contrast achieved with DAS beamforming are determined by the physical specifications of the array, e.g., size and pitch of elements. To overcome this limitation, adaptive imaging methods have recently been explored extensively thanks to the dissemination of digital and programmable ultrasound systems. On the other hand, it is also important to evaluate the performance of such adaptive imaging methods quantitatively to validate whether the modification of the image characteristics resulting from the developed method is appropriate. Since many adaptive imaging methods have been developed and they often alter image characteristics, attempts have also been made to update the methods for quantitative assessment of image quality. This article provides a review of recent developments in adaptive imaging and image quality assessment.
Short-Term Exposure to Nature and Benefits for Students’ Cognitive Performance: a Review
Authors: Mason Lucia , Ronconi Angelica , Scrimin Sara , Pazzaglia Francesca 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThere is growing interest recently in the outdoor environment surrounding schools where students spent time during breaks, in-school activities, and after-school programs. Several reviews have examined the impact of long-term exposures to nearby nature on students’ academic achievement, but none has focused on the effects of short-term contacts with nature on students’ cognitive performance. The aim of this review is to understand the context in which short-term passive exposures to greenness occur, how cognitive performance is measured, and the conditions under which cognitive benefits emerge at various educational levels. We reviewed 14 studies in the extant literature that report investigations involving students at different educational levels, from elementary school to university, in a short exposure to nature lasting from 10 to 90 min during a study day. The review shows that in 12 out of the 14 studies, across educational levels, cognitive benefits emerge in terms of directed attention restoration from mental fatigue due to contact with nature. A no-cost opportunity to sustain students’ cognition is a break in a green environment after mentally demanding activities.
Does Educational Mismatch Affect Emigration Behaviour?
Authors: Wanner Philippe , Pecoraro Marco , Tani Massimiliano 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper uses linked Swiss administrative and survey data to examine the relationship between educational mismatch in the labour market and emigration decisions, carrying out the analysis for both Swiss native and previous immigrant workers. In turn, migrants’ decisions separate returning home from onward migration to a third country. We find that undereducation is positively associated with the probability of emigration and return to the country of origin. In contrast, the reverse relationship is found between overeducation and emigration, especially among non-European immigrant workers. According to the predictions of the traditional model of migration, based on self-selection, migrants returning home are positively selected relative to migrants emigrating to other countries. We also find that immigrants from a country outside the EU27/EFTA have little incentive to return home and generally accept jobs for which they are mismatched in Switzerland. These results highlight the relevance to understand emigration behaviours in relation to the type of migrant that is most integrated, and productive, in the Swiss market, hence enabling better migration and domestic labour market policy design.
Evolving continuous optimisers from scratch
Authors: Lones Michael A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis work uses genetic programming to explore the space of continuous optimisers, with the goal of discovering novel ways of doing optimisation. In order to keep the search space broad, the optimisers are evolved from scratch using Push, a Turing-complete, general-purpose, language. The resulting optimisers are found to be diverse, and explore their optimisation landscapes using a variety of interesting, and sometimes unusual, strategies. Significantly, when applied to problems that were not seen during training, many of the evolved optimisers generalise well, and often outperform existing optimisers. This supports the idea that novel and effective forms of optimisation can be discovered in an automated manner. This paper also shows that pools of evolved optimisers can be hybridised to further increase their generality, leading to optimisers that perform robustly over a broad variety of problem types and sizes.
A deterministic Wigner approach for superposed states
Authors: Cervenka Johann , Kosik Robert , Nedjalkov Mihail 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Wigner formalism is a convenient way of describing quantum mechanical effects through a framework of distribution functions in phase space. Currently, there are stochastic and deterministic approaches in use. In our deterministic method, the critical discretization of the diffusion term is done through the utilization of an integral formulation of the Wigner equation. This deterministic method is studied in the context of superposed quantum states as a precursor to simulations of entangled states.
Adjustment of Electromagnetic Properties in SrRuO3 via Ru Content
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Yang Xingming , Wang Yan , Zhang Tiantian , Sun Yuan , Duan F. M. , Zhang A. M. , Wu Xiaoshan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMagnetism of materials may be adjusted by varying the adjacent magnetic ions in materials, such as Ru4+ in SrRuO3. We here report a study of the structure, electro-transport and magnetic properties of poly-crystallized SrRuxO3, which is synthesized by solid-state reaction. Results show that all the synthesized SrRuxO3 samples remain the single phase, and the grain size increases with increasing the Ru content. A semiconducting behavior with x ≤ 1 and a Fermi Liquid behavior with x > 1 are observed and determined. At 10 K, the saturated magnetic moment increases with x from 21.02 to 29.82 (emu/g), while the coercivity decreases from 5100 to 910 (Oe), which are also confirmed by the first principle calculations.
Nanopore Genome Sequencing and Variant Analysis of the Susceptible Candida auris Strain L1537/2020, Salvador, Brazil
Authors: de Jong Auke W. , Francisco Elaine C. , de Almeida João Nóbrega , Brandão Igor B. , Pereira Felicidade M. , Dias Pedro H. Presta , de Miranda Costa Magda M. , de Souza Jordão Regiane T. , Vu Duong , Colombo Arnaldo L. , Hagen Ferry 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCandida auris has been reported worldwide, but only in December 2020, the first strain from a COVID-19 patient in Brazil was isolated. Here, we describe the genome sequence of this susceptible C. auris strain and performed variant analysis of the genetic relatedness with strains from other geographic localities.
‘Believe in me, and I will too’: a study of how teachers’ expectations instilled confidence in Grade 10 students
Authors: Johnston Olivia , Wildy Helen , Shand Jennifer 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTeacher expectation research has continued to establish an association between what teachers expect of their students and what students accomplish academically. These expectations affect students when they are communicated by teachers through differential treatment in the class, but no qualitative research has sought adolescent students’ points of view about how they experience teacher expectation effects. This paper presents new research findings that explainhowGrade 10 students experienced their teachers’ expectations in ways that they reflected impacted their academic outcomes. Classic grounded theory methods were used to develop this new knowledge, which has implications for how teachers are educated for, and practice, interacting with secondary school students. The findings are grounded in data from more than 100 interviews with students and 175 classroom observations in three Western Australian metropolitan public secondary schools. Students’ voices are projected, explaining how their teachers convey high academic expectations through classroom interactions that instil confidence in students. The discussion invokes a connection to Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory and its enduring tenants of self-efficacy beliefs and mastery learning experiences.
A rational route to transformative decisions
Authors: Villiger Daniel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAccording to Paul (Transformative experience, 1st edn, Oxford University Press, 2014), transformative experiences pose a challenge to decision theory since their value cannot be anticipated. Building on Pettigrew’s (in: Lambert, Schwenkler (eds) Becoming someone new: essays on transformative experience, choice, and change, Oxford University Press, pp 100–121, 2020) redescription, this paper presents a new approach to how and when transformative decisions can nevertheless be made rationally. Thanks to fundamental higher-order facts that apply to any kind of experience, an agent always at least knows the general shape of the utility space. This in combination with the knowledge about the non-transformative alternative in the choice set can enable rational decision-making despite the presence of a transformative experience. For example, this paper’s approach provides novel arguments for why gender transition (cf. McKinnon in Res Philosophica 92(2):419–440, 2015) or staying childfree (cf. Barnes in Philos Phenomenol Res 91(3):775–786, 2015) can be rational.