bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activated Carbon Producing from Young Coconut Coir and Shells to Meet Activated Carbon Needs in Water Purification Process
Authors: Budianto A , Kusdarini E , Mangkurat W , Nurdiana E , Asri N P 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Young Coconut products have many benefits for society as for drinks and medicine, and it produces young Coconut shells and coir waste. The contents of cellulose and carbon elements are interesting to be utilized to be activated carbon. This research aimed to know the activator concentration of hydroxide potassium chemical and heating physical with microwave electrical power to produce activated carbon products. This research was conducted in laboratory experiments with chemical and physical activation methods, measuring proximate and iodine product numbers. The result showed that activated carbon from young Coconuts shells and coir with activation process used chemical activation and produced activated carbon products that met SNI standard number 06-3730-1995. Iodine number of activated carbons was in the range of 1776.60 mg/g – 2220.75 mg/g, iodine number as more than 23.5% of SNI Standard.
Study of integral and differential strength and deformation characteristics of centrifuged and vibrating centrifuged concrete on activated Portland cement
Authors: Mailyan L R , Stel’makh S A , Shcherban’ E M , Chernykh D S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this work, the study of integral and differential strength and deformation characteristics of centrifuged and vibrating centrifuged concrete on activated Portland cement was carried out. Mechanical activation of cement was carried out using a specialized grinding unit. Manufacturing of centrifuged and vibrating centrifuged samples was carried out on an experimental laboratory centrifuge. All samples were made of concrete of the same composition. The optimum values of technological parameters of centrifugation and vibrating centrifugation are given. The scheme of obtaining small-size specimens from a common annular section to determine the strength and strain characteristics was developed. According to the results of the study it was found that the improvement of integral and differential strength and strain characteristics when using activated Portland cement is observed for both centrifuged and vibrating centrifuged specimens. However, the samples made by vibrating centrifugation technology have better strength and strain characteristics than the samples made by centrifugation. According to the results of the study, it was found that the activation of Portland cement at its rational values is the best way to enhance variatropy.
Physical and mechanical properties of the surface of pine wood modified with an organomineral composition
Authors: Belyaev A O , Danilov V E , Morozova M V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The percentage of wooden buildings damaged or even lost due to the lack or insufficient technical measures for their preservation is growing every year. This fact makes it mandatory to treat the surface of wood building materials with protective and decorative agents. Within the framework of this study, a multifunctional protective composition for wood was developed that can increase its physical and mechanical properties. Modification of the wood surface with organomineral compositions leads to an increase in its density, hardness and strength. The hardness of the treated wood is 24% higher and the compressive strength along the fiber is 20% higher than that of untreated wood. After treatment, the surface of the wood darkened and slightly yellowed, which does not prevent its use in the construction and reconstruction of buildings. The results of measuring the color coordinates of the surface of the modified samples indicate the stability and durability of the developed protective coating even after 4 months of exposure to atmospheric conditions. Judging by the slight return of the color coordinates of the treated wood back to values of the original wood, it can be concluded that the composition is partially washed out.
Dynamics and criteria of CFRP destruction by lightning currents
Authors: Guschin I A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article discusses a promising conductive composite material such as carbon-plastic. This material has significant strength, not inferior to metal, has a low specific weight and has interesting electrophysical characteristics. For a wider use of the material in various structural products, it is necessary to consider its unique characteristics. The work is devoted to the study of the conductive properties of carbon fiber under the influence of lightning currents and the development of criteria for its destruction. Based on two models of destruction of CFRP by lightning currents, a theoretical analysis of its destruction has been carried out. The first model considered the composite material as a continuous medium with anisotropic-conducting properties. The solution of the Laplace equation with the Neumann boundary conditions made it possible to find the distribution of current densities over the material and theoretically determine the radius and depth of damage. The second model, the layered structure model, took into account the structure of real CFRP. The dynamics of layer-by-layer destruction is considered on the basis of the equivalent circuit of carbon fiber reinforced plastic, which takes into account the longitudinal and transverse resistivity of the composite. The distributions of the radial current density along the radius and depth of the material are constructed and the analysis of the spreading of currents at various degrees of material anisotropy is carried out. Strong anisotropy, leading to the release of total energy in the first layer. Destruction of the upper layer changes the distribution of currents in the rest of the layers. The results of numerical modeling of layer-by-layer destruction of CFRP for five layers are presented. The process of destruction under the action of large current pulses is considered. The fracture criteria for various degrees of material anisotropy are obtained and refined. The resulting formulas contain values that are reproduced in the experiment. The calculation results are in good agreement with experiment. In conclusion, it is concluded that the criteria are applied to predict the effects of lightning and optimize lightning protection at the design stage of an aircraft.
Analysis of the effect of ionizing radiation on the properties of bulk nonwoven material
Authors: Lisanevich M S , Yu Galimzyanova R , Ivanov V V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
At the moment, there is a wide range of bulky nonwovens for various purposes on the market. One of the important areas of using such materials is healthcare. In particular, bulky nonwoven materials are intended for the manufacture of wound dressings, evacuation kits for newborns. Disposable medical devices of this kind are usually subjected to radiation sterilization. As is known from earlier studies, radiation sterilization significantly affects the performance of nonwovens. In this regard, for nonwoven materials for medical use, an important characteristic is the stability of indicators after exposure to radiation sterilization. As a result of the study of bulk nonwovens Holofiber ® after radiation radiation in the dose range from 20-60 kGy, there were no significant changes in operational performance. The stiffness increased by an average of 3-10%. The stiffness indicators after ionizing radiation according to GOST 24684 also meet the requirements. The value of electrification increased due to an increase in the static field under the action of ionizing radiation. It is worth noting that the values of electrification are within the norm established by GOST 32995. The breaking load varies from 1-5%. Thus, non-woven materials Holofiber ® PROFI, article P 35191, Holofiber ® SOFT, article P 5197, Holofiber ® SOFT, article P 5200 are recommended for the production of medical devices.
Preparation of Energetic Composites Materials via Sol-Gel
Authors: Guo Baoqiong , Wei Xiaoan , Wang Binbin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this research, nitrocellulose / magnesium borohydride nanomaterials (NC / Mg(BHx)y) nanoenergetic composite materials are synthesized through sol-gel method and the freeze-drying technology. Among them, nitrocellulose (NC) is used as a gel matrix to load Mg(BHx)y particles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results show that Mg(BHx)y is embedded and uniformly dispersed in the NC matrix. The particle size of the high-energy composite material is about 2 μm. The results of FT-IR showed that the hydrogen storage alloy was successfully loaded around the NC without destroying the cellulose structure. The composite material decomposition reaction (Temperature-Time) curve is obtained through the adiabatic accelerated calorimeter (ES-ARC) test.
Synthesis and Applications of Functional Nanomaterials
Authors: Li Yujia , Xia Hanzheng , Xu Jingyi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The unique physical and chemical properties and variable application potential of nanomaterials are continuously devoted to stimulating scientists’ studying enthusiasm. Extremely fine grains bring quantities excellent properties such as low density, low elastic modulus, high resistance and low thermal conductivity to nanomaterials, which has extensive use in the photoelectric field, environment, bioengineering and other fields. The research progress of graphene quantum dots, transparent reflective coatings and self-assembled nanotubes are mainly demonstrated. This paper shows the role of graphene quantum dots in solar cells, summarizes the synthesis methods of self-assembled nanotubes and their applications in bioengineering, and describes the development of transparent thermal reflective coatings for energy-saving glass attributed to providing relevant reference and basis for the development and research of nanomaterials.
The study on polycarboxylate superplasticizer with polyamine side chain using molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Lin Xiaochen , Chuang Pohsiang , Fang Yunhui 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A new type of water-reducing agent, which contains polyamine side chains, has been theoretically studied utilizing molecular dynamics simulation (MD) in this research. The models of three types of water reducers in an aqueous solution, including SNF, PCE, and PCA, have been constructed, simulated, and analyzed. The results indicate that compared to the linear structure of SNF, the traditional PCE water-reducing agent has a stronger interaction with water molecules, so it has a better water-reducing effect. This stronger interaction is mainly provided by the side chain of PCE. PCA further enhances the hydrophilicity of its side chain based on PCE structure, leading to a stronger interaction on water molecules than traditional PCE molecules. The migration ability of water-reducing agents and other molecules in the system has been further explored. The diffusion coefficient of three water reducer molecules decreases in the following order: PCE>SNF>PCA. This is due to the interaction between molecules, especially the incompatible strength and quantity of hydrogen bonding.
Study on process mineralogy of limonite
Authors: Yang Jinlin , Xu Shuo , Zhu Pengyan , Ma Shaojian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the process mineralogy, such as the composition and content of elements and minerals, and the chemical composition of main minerals, was studied by the method of mineral liberation analyser. The results show that the ore is limonite bearing-zinc ore, the content of the main mineral limonite is 95.982%, most of limonite is monomeric, a few limonite is associated with pyrite and muscovite, with quartz, with sericite and quartz, limonite contains sericite, synbiote of limonite and sericite. Zinc occurs mainly in limonite, a small amount of zinc in the form of sphalerite, smithsonite and hemimorphite. This study will lay a mineralogical foundation for the follow-up development and utilization of this type of ore.
Phase Transformation Kinetics of High Nb-TiAl Alloy during Continuous Heating
Authors: Li Ying , Zhou Lian , Lin Junpin , Chang Hui , Fan Jianglei , Cao Yang , Wang Yan , Wang Yongbiao , Liu Jianxiu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this work, the phase transformation behavior of Ti-45Al-8.5Nb-(W, B, Y) alloy during continuous heating was investigated using dilatometer and optical microscopy. Results indicated that the phase transformation process of high Nb-TiAl alloy during continuous heating included two stages: ordered α2 → disorder α and tetragonal γ → hexagonal α. According to the microstructure analysis, the initial α2/γ lamellar structure transformed into the massive γ phase and α phase (retained as α2) during the heating process. The activation energy of α2 → α and γ → α was 989.65 kJ/mol and 995.30 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the lower the heating rate was, the faster the phase transformation reached the equilibrium state.
Numerical Simulation and Microstructure and Properties of 45 Steel by Scanning Electron Beam Bevel Polishing
Authors: Xia Tenghui , Du Chunping , Liu Zhiyong , Lu Jian , Zhu Zhifa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In order to obtain metal products with good surface quality, it is necessary to develop an efficient bevel polishing method. Therefore, this article Uses continuous scanning electron beam polishing. The surface of the material undergoes rapid melting and solidification and generates a dynamic temperature field. The polishing treatment improves the microstructure of the surface layer of the quenched and tempered 45 steel, and significantly increases the microhardness of the surface layer. The hardness after treatment can reach up to 747.6Hv, which is about 2.4 times higher than the matrix; the structure after hardening is transformed from the mixed phase of coarse acicular martensite and lath martensite to hidden acicular martensite and retained austenite a mixed phase thereof. In addition, after bevels with different inclination angles are subjected to electron beam surface polishing modification treatments with different scanning speeds, under the same parameters, as the inclination angle increases, the hardness value at the same position decreases.
Research on Dynamics Stiffness of Honeycomb Sandwich Structure Door
Authors: Yuan Xiuqi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
During the emergency opening of the aircraft door in the air, the door must experience a complex and harsh mechanical environment. In order to ensure the high reliability of the door, it must have sufficient dynamic stiffness. When using finite element software for static engineering analysis, the calculation results often have large deviations due to improper simplification of the motion links in the structure. Aiming at the characteristics of the honeycomb sandwich structure of a class of civil aircraft doors, a combination of topology optimization and dynamic analysis was adopted to take into account the door load and the door opening speed. The results of dynamic calculation show that when the door is opened in the air, the bending deformation during cruise is in compliance with the requirements, and the structural rigidity meets the functional requirements. The research results have important effects on the design and optimization of the stiffness performance of honeycomb sandwich doors.
A setup to characterize the tensile mechanical properties of poly(L-lactic acid) materials applied in bioresorbable polymer stents
Authors: Zhao G. , He R. , Li X. , Zhang J. , Cheng J. , Wu G. , Ni Z. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A method for testing mechanical properties of miniature
poly(L-lactic acid)(PLLA) specimens is instrumented and set up in
this research. This method is specially designed to measure
mechanical properties, including elasticity modulus, yield strength
and breaking elongation, of miniature PLLA specimens in three
different shapes at various tensile speeds and
temperatures. Moreover, the measurement results are significantly
dependent on the tensile speeds and temperatures. This phenomenon
further verifies the obvious existence of the viscoelasticity of
PLLA. Finally, it can be concluded that, with this method,
mechanical properties of PLLA can be better investigated and
understood, especially for PLLA used for biodegradable polymer
stents.
Performance Monitoring of the Barrel Time-of-Flight Supermodule for the PANDA Experiment at FAIR
Authors: Chesnevskaya S. , Zimmermann S. , Zmeskal J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The PANDA experiment at FAIR in Darmstadt will use
proton-antiproton collisions, with momenta ranging from 1.5 GeV/c
to 15 GeV/c, on a fixed target to study open questions in hadron
physics. The Barrel Time-of-Flight detector for this experiment is a
scintillating tile hodoscope based on 16 identical and independent
subdetectors called Super-Modules arranged in a cylindrical
configuration. We have conducted performance studies on one such
Super-Module to prove the feasibility of the Barrel Time-of-Flight
detector design. Time resolution, signal delay and amplitude drop
along the length of the detector were measured and analyzed as a
function of the position on the individual scintillator tiles. A
time resolution of about 50 ps has been achieved, which is very
important for event timing and particle identification.
Calculation of Pore Throat Radius Percentiles (25, 50 & 75) From Porosity and/or Permeability: Algyo Oil and Gas Field, Hungary
Authors: Sayed Nahla A. El , Abdel Moktader A. El sayed 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Pore throat size distribution of reservoir rocks has a great importance in hydrocarbon migration and entrapment. It is used for study permeability barriers, reservoir characterization and stratigraphic traps. In the present study 51 core samples obtained from Algyo oil and gas field were conducted to MICP laboratory technique to study pore throat size distribution. The inclusive graphical measures of gain size analysis were borrowed for pore throat size examination. Various pore throat radius percentiles such as 25,50 and 75 were calculated and related to both rock porosity and permeability. The obtained models were robust and reliable to use for pore throat radius percentiles (25,50 and 75) calculation. One of these models which is predicting the 50 percentiles was verified. It shows reliable coefficients of correlation (R2 = 0.77 and 0.79) as it is estimated from permeability and porosity, respectively.
Implementation of the 2030 sustainable development goals - affordable and clean energy in the European Union
Authors: Rybak Aurelia , Wlodarczyk Ewelina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
One of the most important goals of the European Union is to provide citizens of the Member States security and stability in fuel and electricity sectors. The United Nations has defined 17 goals and 169 actions to achieve sustainable development of the world. The goals were to improve the quality of life, reduce the level of poverty, inequalities in the world and sustainable development in terms of climate and environmental protection. The article presents an analysis of the implementation of one of the assumed goals, i.e., sustainable development in the field of Affordable and clean Energy in the European Union. This goal is to ensure that every citizen has access to stable, sustainable, and modern energy at an affordable price. Among others, indicators such as energy import dependency, energy productivity, share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption, final energy consumption in households per capita were analysed. The authors analysed the trends of the above-mentioned indicators in the European Union, with particular emphasis on Poland. In order to be able to predict how the analysed phenomena will develop until 2030, the authors built forecasts. For this purpose, among others, ARIMA models were used. The authors created several dozen models, from among which model with the smallest ex post errors and the lowest value of information criteria were selected. The models allowed to determine the degree of achievement of the set goals. They also allowed the designation of scenarios for the potential development of the analysed indicators.
Paleontological monument of nature “Mamontova Gora” exposure (Yakutia, Eastern Siberia, Russia)
Authors: Boeskorov Gennady , Shchelchkova Marina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Mamontova Gora (“Mammoth Mountain”) exposure is the Neogene – Pleistocene key section of Siberia. This outcrop is located in the lower reaches of the Aldan River, 325 km above its mouth and extends for almost 12 km. It consists of an 80-meter structural plateau (80-meter terrace), 50- and 30-meter alluvial terraces. Sediments from the Middle Miocene (16-10 Ma) to the Upper Pleistocene are exposed on the 80-meter terrace. The basement of the 50-meter terrace is composed of Middle Miocene sediments, overlain by Pleistocene sediments. On a younger 30 m terrace, the deposits are dated from the Upper Pliocene to the Upper Pleistocene. The Mamontova Gora outcrop is one of the richest localities of the Neogene flora of Eurasia. There are numerous finds of remains of Miocene evergreen and thermophilic plants (tree stumps, leaf imprints, cones, nuts, seeds). More than 250 genera of fossil plants have been found on Mamontova Gora. This outcrop is also well known to paleontologists due to the abundance of bone remains of mammals of the Middle Pleistocene (early type mammoth, eastern horse, broad-fronted moose, long-horned bison) and Late Pleistocene (representatives of the mammoth fauna: woolly mammoth, woolly rhinoceros, Lena horse, reindeer, saiga-antelope, steppe bison, Arctic fox, wolverine, cave lion, etc.). It was revealed that the ancient frozen sediments on the Mamontova Gora outcrop abound with viable microorganisms and traces of their vital activity. A strain of microbe Bacillus sp. was isolated from ~ 2 - 3 Ma permafrost layers of this outcrop. A large group of microorganisms including fungi was isolated from the ancient ice wedge. Pleistocene permafrost deposits contain invertase, urease, catalase and dehydrogenase enzimes. Mamontova Gora is a unique geological object in Russia. By the decree of the Council of Ministers of the Yakutia Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of 18.02.1987 No. 56 Mamontova Gora was given the status of a “natural monument” and a specially protected natural area of regional significance. The article presents the main results of studies of ancient flora and faunas of Mamontova Gora.