bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inability of Laplace's law to estimate sub-bandage pressures after applying a compressive bandage: a clinical study
Authors: Garrigues-Ramón Marta , Julián Mariano , Zaragoza Cristóbal , Barrios Carlos 
Published: April 2021

Objective: The aim of the current study was to compare pressures exerted on the lower limb by a high compression bandage as recorded by sub-bandage sensors and those estimated by Laplace's law. The correlation between pressures obtained in each anatomical zone and the corresponding limb perimeters were explored. Method: For the measurement of sub-bandage pressures, four anatomical zones in the lower right limb were determined. Pressures were recorded by nine pneumatic sensors and a PicoPress transducer. A two-layer compression bandage system (UrgoK2, Urgo Group, France) was used for the dressing. Pressures were registered in supine position. Sensor pressures were compared with those estimated by a modified Laplace's equation. Results: A total of 47 female volunteers were recruited (mean age: 21.9±2.3 years) to the study. In the four anatomical segments studied, pressures obtained by the sensors were lower than would be expected by applying Laplace's law (p<0.05). The biggest difference between the two methods was found at the supramalleolar level (42.1% lower by sensors compared with Laplace's equation). The correlation coefficient between pressure recorded by the sensors and that calculated at the perimeters was very weak, ranging from 0.5233 to 0.9634. Conclusion: Laplace's law, used to predict the sub-bandage pressure after applying a compressive bandage in the lower limb, was not useful, providing significantly higher pressures than those obtained by pneumatic sensors. Laplace's law underestimates the variable musculoskeletal components at the different segments of lower limb that act as compression damping forces.
Benefits of sucrose octasulfate (TLC-NOSF) dressings in the treatment of chronic wounds: a systematic review
Authors: Nair Harikrishna , Venkateshwaran N , Seetharaman S Selva , Deng Wuquan , Uthaipaisanwong Apinan , Galea Emilio 
Published: April 2021

Objective:Management of chronic wounds remains one of the major challenges for health professionals and patients. An evidence-based decision is important to ensure that patients are receiving the best treatment proven to reduce healing time and improve outcomes, including economic benefits and patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Due to recent restrictions because of the COVID-19 pandemic, including closure of wound care centres within hospitals and a drop in patient volume, chronic wound management needs simple-to-use dressings which are still effective and evidence-based solutions. This systematic review was conducted to identify the clinical evidence available on a sucrose octasulfate dressing (TLC-NOSF, UrgoStart dressing range, Laboratoires Urgo, France) to explore its efficacy in the management of chronic wounds, particularly lower limb ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers and pressure ulcers.Method:A literature search of PubMed, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar was conducted based on the PICO model (patient/population, intervention, comparison and outcomes) to retrieve publications of different levels of evidence in order to evaluate outcomes of the use of TLC-NOSF dressings.Results:A total of 21 publications of different levels, ranging from double-blind randomised control trials to case reports, involving over 12,000 patients, were identified through PubMed, with a further eight publications through Google Scholar and two publications through Cochrane Library. A total of seven results were omitted due to the lack of relevance or repetition.Conclusion:All the evidence provided suggest that these dressings provide clinicians with an evidence-based option for the management of chronic wounds; that the TLC-NOSF dressings are beneficial in promoting the healing process, reducing healing times, enhancing patients' HRQoL, and in allowing a more cost-effective procedure.
Ultra-narrowband near-infrared tunable two-dimensional perfect absorber for refractive index sensing
Authors: Huang Xing , Wang Tao , Yan Ruoqin , Jiang Xiaoyun , Yue Xinzhao , Wang Lu 
Published: April 2021

An ultra-narrow-bandwidth near-infrared perfect plasmonic absorber with
a periodic structure composed of metal–insulator–metal configuration
is numerically designed and analyzed for a refractive index sensor. A
perfect absorptivity of 99.99% and a rather narrow bandwidth of 2 nm
are observed in the near-infrared wave band when the light is
vertically incident in the structure. The ultra-high absorption and
ultra-narrow bandwidth are explained as local surface plasmon
resonance stimulated in the structure. The absorber is put into use as
a plasmonic refractive index sensor with wavelength sensitivity as
high as 1500 nm/RIU and figure of merit as high as 750, which
significantly surpass those of many plasmonic sensors proposed in the
past few decades. The designed absorber is tunable by changing
geometry parameters. Because of the excellent sensing properties
mentioned above, the proposed structure can be widely
applied in fields such as photodetectors, biosensors, and chemical
molecule detection.
Demographic, clinical, and epidemiologic characteristics of persons under investigation for Coronavirus Disease 2019—United States, January 17–February 29, 2020
Authors: McGovern Olivia L. , Stenger Mark , Oliver Sara E. , Anderson Tara C. , Isenhour Cheryl , Mauldin Matthew R. , Williams Nia , Griggs Eric , Bogere Tonny , Edens Chris , Curns Aaron T. , Lively Joana Y. , Zhou Yingtao , Xu Songli , Diaz Maureen H. , Waller Jessica L. , Clarke Kevin R. , Evans Mary E. , Hesse Elisabeth M. , Morris Sapna Bamrah , McClung Robert P. , Cooley Laura A. , Logan Naeemah , Boyd Andrew T. , Taylor Allan W. , Bajema Kristina L. , Lindstrom Stephen , Elkins Christopher A. , Jones Christopher , Hall Aron J. , Graitcer Samuel , Oster Alexandra M. , Fry Alicia M. , Fischer Marc , Conklin Laura , Gokhale Runa H. 
Published: April 2021

Background
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), evolved rapidly in the United States. This report describes the demographic, clinical, and epidemiologic characteristics of 544 U.S. persons under investigation (PUI) for COVID-19 with complete SARS-CoV-2 testing in the beginning stages of the pandemic from January 17 through February 29, 2020.

Methods
In this surveillance cohort, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provided consultation to public health and healthcare professionals to identify PUI for SARS-CoV-2 testing by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR. Demographic, clinical, and epidemiologic characteristics of PUI were reported by public health and healthcare professionals during consultation with on-call CDC clinicians and subsequent submission of a CDC PUI Report Form. Characteristics of laboratory-negative and laboratory-positive persons were summarized as proportions for the period of January 17−February 29, and characteristics of all PUI were compared before and after February 12 using prevalence ratios.

Results
A total of 36 PUI tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and were classified as confirmed cases. Confirmed cases and PUI testing negative for SARS-CoV-2 had similar demographic, clinical, and epidemiologic characteristics. Consistent with changes in PUI evaluation criteria, 88% (13/15) of confirmed cases detected before February 12, 2020, reported travel from China. After February 12, 57% (12/21) of confirmed cases reported no known travel- or contact-related exposures.

Conclusions
These findings can inform preparedness for future pandemics, including capacity for rapid expansion of novel diagnostic tests to accommodate broad surveillance strategies to assess community transmission, including potential contributions from asymptomatic and presymptomatic infections.
Impact of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on laboratory-confirmed pneumococcal meningitis and purulent meningitis among children ˂5 years in Cameroon, 2011–2018
Authors: Njuma Libwea John , A. Fletcher Mark , Koki Ndombo Paul , Boula Angeline , Ashukem Nadesh Taku , Ngo Baleba Madeleine , Kingue Bebey Rachel Sandrine , Nkolo Mviena Eric Gaston , Tageube Jean , Kobela Mbollo Marie , Koulla-Shiro Sinata , Madhi Shabir , Njanpop-Lafourcade Berthe-Marie , Mohammad Ali , Begier Elizabeth , Southern Joanna , Beavon Rohini , Gessner Bradford 
Published: April 2021

Background
The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) entered Cameroon’s childhood national immunization programme (NIP) in July 2011 under a 3-dose schedule (6, 10, 14 weeks of age) without any catch-up. We described the impact of PCV13 onserotype distribution among pneumococcal meningitis cases over time.

Methods
We used laboratory-based sentinel surveillance data to identify meningitis cases among 2- to 59-month-old children with clinically-suspected bacterial meningitis (CSBM) admitted to hospitals in Yaoundé (August 2011-December 2018). Purulent meningitis cases had a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white blood cell (WBC) count ≥20 per mm3. Pneumococcal meningitis cases had S. pneumoniae identified from CSF, with serotyping by polymerase chain reaction. Years 2011-2014 were described as early PCV13 era (EPE) and years 2015-2018 as late PCV13 era (LPE) impact periods.

Results
Among children hospitalized with CSBM who had a lumbar puncture obtained, there was no significant change from the EPE versus the LPE in the percentage identified with purulent meningitis: 7.5% (112/1486) versus 9.4% (154/1645), p = 0.0846. The percentage of pneumococcal meningitis cases due to PCV13 vaccine-serotype (VST) decreased from 62.0% (31/50) during the EPE to 35.8% (19/53) in the LPE, p = 0.0081. The most frequent pneumococcal meningitis VSTs during the EPE were 6A/6B (30%) and 5 (6%), and during the LPE were 14 (13.2%), 3 (7.6%), 4 (5.6%) and 18C (5.6%).

Conclusion
Four to seven years after PCV13 introduction, the proportion of pneumococcal meningitis due to vaccine serotypes has declined, mainly due to reductions of serotypes 6A/6B, 1, 19A, and 23F; nevertheless, PCV13 VSTs remain common. Because the analyzed surveillance system was not consistent or population based, we could not estimate incidence or overall impact; this emphasizes the need for improved surveillance to document further the utility of PCV13 immunization in Cameroon.
Relationship between peripheral vasospasm and visual field progression rates in patients with normal-tension glaucoma with low-teen intraocular pressure
Authors: Park Do Young , Han Jong Chul , Lee Eun Jung , Kee Changwon 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
To investigate the association between peripheral vasospasm and the visual field (VF) progression rate in patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) with low-teen intraocular pressure (IOP).

Methods
The finger temperature of 113 NTG patients was measured before and after exposure to ice water using a Temperature gun (cold pressor test). These patients had confirmed VF progression, despite a low-teen IOP during a follow-up period of >5 years. VF progression rates were calculated as the slope of the visual field index (VFI) and mean deviation (MD) over time. Demographic, systemic, and ocular factors and VF progression rates were compared, based on the cold pressor test results. A regression analysis was used to investigate the factors affecting VF progression rates.

Results
Mean age, initial IOP, mean IOP during the follow-up period, and initial VF MD were 57.1 years, 15.8 mmHg, 12.0 mmHg, and -5.2 dB, respectively. When patients were divided into two groups (less vasospasm and more vasospasm) according to changes in temperature after exposure to ice water, the VF progression rate was significantly faster in the group with more vasospasm. In a multiple regression analysis, older age, worse initial VF MD, and greater decrease in finger temperature after ice water exposure were significantly associated with faster VF progression rates.

Conclusion
An excessive drop in finger temperature after exposure to ice water was significantly associated with faster VF progression in patients with low-teen NTG. This suggests that the blood flow in the optic nerve head may also be disturbed by peripheral vasospasm, accelerating glaucomatous damage regardless of IOP.
Radiant Infrastructures: Media, Environment, and Cultures of Uncertainty, Rahul Mukherjee (2020)
Authors: Guha Suryansu 
Published: April 2021

Review of: Radiant Infrastructures: Media, Environment, and Cultures of Uncertainty, Rahul Mukherjee (2020)
Durham and London: Duke University Press, 276 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-47800-806-4, p/bk, $26.95
The Impact of Obesity on Periodontal Health Status in Adolescent Iraqi Students
Authors: Al-Karawi Sarah Ihsan , Mahmood Athraa Ali , Hassan Ban Karem 
Published: April 2021

Objetive: The aim of this study was to estimate the effect and association of obesity on the periodontal health status of middle school students. Materials and Methods: This study included 180 secondary school students aged 12- 15 years from Baghdad City in the survey. BMIfor-age (body mass index for age) was utilized to detect overweight and obesity. Furthermore, periodontal screening records (PSR) index was performed to evaluate the oral hygiene and periodontal condition of the subjects. Chisquare tests and two-way ANOVA were used for statistical analyses. Results: A highly significant association of BMI-for-age with periodontal health (codes 0, 1, 2, and 3) was observed. The association of gender and periodontal health was highly significant in code 3, significant in codes 0 and 1, and it was not significant in code 2. Additionally, the ANOVA test revealed that the effects of gender and BMI-for-age on periodontal health were significant. In contrast, the effect of the interaction between gender and BMI-for-age on periodontal health was not it was not significant. Conclusions: In adolescents, bad oral hygiene was correlated with extra body fat indicators. Therefore, oral health preventive schedules should take into consideration the relationship between periodontal condition and overweight/obesity in teenagers.

Keywords
Obesity; Body mass index; Periodontal disease; Oral health status.
Clinical evaluation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic pit and fissure sealants among 7-10 year old school children: a split mouth study design
Authors: Priyadharshini Indra , Iyer Kiran , Parangimalai Diwakar Madankumar 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The study was done to compare the effectiveness of hydrophobic and hydrophilic pit and fissure sealant retention among 7-10 year old school children. Material and Methods: The present split mouth randomized trial was conducted on the occlusal surfaces of permanent first mandibular molars to compare and assess the retention along with other outcome variables like colour match, marginal discolouration, marginal adaptation, anatomic form, postoperative sensitivity, caries formation and surface roughness properties of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic pit and fissure sealants at 3rd and 6th month. The data was compiled and analyzed using SPSS software and results were generated. Results: In the present study among the 50 restorations in the hydrophobic pit and fissure sealants (Group I), 48 (96%) restorations were retained at the end of third month and 45(90%) were retained at the end of sixth month. Among the 50 restorations in the hydrophilic pit and fissure sealants (Group II), 49(98%) restorations were retained at the end of third month, and 46(92%) at the end of sixth month were retained. There was no significant difference in the number of completely retained restorations at the end of six months (p = 1.00) among both the groups. The assessment of all the other outcome variables between both the interventions showed that the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The study concluded that the hydrophilic pit and fissure sealant was similar to the hydrophobic pit and fissure sealant in terms of retention, colour match, marginal discolouration, marginal adaptation, anatomic form and surface roughness properties with.

Keywords
Pit and fissure sealants; Moisture tolerant; 7-10 years; School children; Mandibular teeth.
One Year Clinical Evaluation of E-max Press Crowns Retained with Fiber Reinforced Composite Post Versus E-max Press Endocrowns in Anterior Endodontically Treated Teeth (A Randomized Clinical Trial)
Authors: Abou El-Enein Yasmin Hesham , Elguindy Jylan Fouad , Zaki Amina Abd El Latif 
Published: April 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess patient satisfaction, gross fracture and marginal adaptation of e.max press endocrowns versus e.max press crowns retained with Fiber reinforced composite post (FRCP) and core in upper anterior teeth. Material and methods: The present study included 24 patients seeking root canal treatment in anterior upper arch. The patients received root canal treatment (RCT) then they were randomly assigned into two groups (n=12). The first group received preparation for the IPS e.max crowns retained with FRCP and core and the second group received preparation for the IPS e.max endocrowns. Press technique was used for the fabrication of both restorations using IPS e.max press ingots. Marginal integrity and gross fracture were evaluated using USPHS criteria and a questionnaire was conducted to evaluate patient satisfaction. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Results: There was no statistical significant difference regarding gross fracture of both groups after 12 months (p-value = 0.093, Effect size = 0.447), meanwhile; group 1 was statistically significantly higher than group 2 regarding marginal integrity (p-value = 0.037, Effect size = 0.513). Regarding patient satisfaction FRCP and core group showed statistical significant higher satisfaction than endocrown group (p-value = 0.047, Effect size = 0.447). Conclusion: E.max press endocrowns revealed successful performance similar to e.max press crowns retained with FRCP in terms of gross fracture, however better marginal adaptation and patient satisfaction was obtained with e.max press crowns retained with FRC post and core group.

Keywords
Anterior teeth; Endocrown; Endodontically treated teeth; Fiber Post; E.max.
Mitigation of Enteric Methane Emission through Feed Modification and Rumen Manipulation
Authors: Herliatika Agustin , Widiawati Yeni 
Published: April 2021

<p class="awabstrak2">The major of gas emission in the livestock sector are in the form of methane produced by microbial activity in the rumen. The emission of methane cause global warming and is predicted to keep increasing. Feed modification and rumen manipulation are important ways that can be used to mitigate methane emission. Based on this condition, this paper aims to describe several ways to mitigate methane emission using feed and rumen modification for smallholder farmers. Feed modification can be done using high Non-Fiber Carbohydrate (NFC) content in feed and also using balance nutrient feed. Meanwhile, rumen modification can be done through inlcusion of feed additive, microbial products, and oils. Providing feed contains high NFC as much as 21.8-53%DM would decrease methane emission by 3.03-28.33%. While providing feed contains balance nutrients would potentially decrease 21.87% of methane emission. Feed additive addition as much as 0.0011-12%DM decreased 0.59-78% of methane emission. Bacterial inclusion as much as 0.7x10<sup>8</sup> – 3,6x10<sup>11</sup>CFU decreased 0- 18.57% of methane emission. Oil or fat inclusion as much as 6%DM decreased 6.02-24.53% of methane emission. A combination of methods can be used to optimize methane mitigation and it can be applicable for farmers to raise their livestock in friendly environment.</p>
Técnica de “slalom” quirúrgico en estenosis de canal lumbar multinivel. Serie de casos tratados de manera simultánea con descompresión endoscópica y tubular con asistencia microscópica bilateral
Authors: Coombes Nicolás , Galaretto Eduardo , Guyot Juan Pablo , Fernández Norberto , Fuster Cristian 
Published: April 2021

Introducción: La laminectomía unilateral para descompresión bilateral por abordaje único ha tomado relevancia en pacientes con estenosis multinivel, cuando se realiza en más de un nivel por un abordaje único, de manera alterna y de forma cruzada, al abordaje anterior es conocida como técnica de “slalom”. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar una serie de casos tratados con la técnica de “slalom” con asistencia endoscópica y microscópica bilateral, simultánea, en pacientes con estenosis de canal lumbar multinivel.
Materiales y Métodos: Análisis retrospectivo de pacientes tratados de forma simultánea, entre enero de 2017 y enero de 2018, todos operados por el mismo equipo quirúrgico con separadores tubulares, y asistencia endoscópica y microscópica simultánea.
Resultados: Se incluyó a 4 hombres, con una edad promedio de 73.5 años y patología lumbar multinivel. Se descomprimieron 10 segmentos (2,5 media de niveles por pacientes), con un tiempo quirúrgico promedio de 107 minutos. No hubo complicaciones asociadas y los pacientes recibieron el alta hospitalaria el día de la cirugía.
Conclusiones: La técnica de “slalom” mínimamente invasiva resulta ser un procedimiento muy eficaz para resolver síntomas de estenosis multinivel asociada a una técnica combinada bilateral con dos equipos quirúrgicos para el tratamiento de este tipo de pacientes.
Nivel de Evidencia: IV
Vástagos estriados cónicos modulares en revisión de artroplastia total de cadera. Estudio multicéntrico. Resultados y complicaciones a mediano plazo
Authors: Iglesias Santiago Luis , Vanoli Fernando , Pérez Alamino Leonel , Pioli Ignacio , Gómez José , Lopreite Fernando Adrián , Maletti Pablo , Del Sel Hernán , Allende Bartolomé L. 
Published: April 2021

Introducción: Debido al crecimiento exponencial del número de artroplastias de cadera, se espera una mayor cantidad de revisiones en las próximas décadas. Los vástagos cónicos estriados modulares se han vuelto populares en la última década por sus resultados favorables. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar los resultados, las complicaciones y la tasa de supervivencia de estos vástagos en las revisiones de cadera, con un seguimiento a mediano plazo.
Materiales y Métodos: Estudio multicéntrico, retrospectivo. Se incluyeron 182 pacientes a quienes se les realizó una cirugía de revisión de cadera entre 2007 y 2017. Se colocaron 185 vástagos cónicos estriados de fijación distal. El déficit de stock óseo femoral se clasificó según Paprosky y Burnett; y las facturas periprotésicas, según la clasificación de Vancouver. Se evaluó a los pacientes clínicamente con el Harris Hip Score (HHS) y con radiografías a los 3 meses y anualmente para evaluar la estabilidad del vástago, la subsidencia y el aflojamiento, así como la consolidación de la osteotomía.
Resultados: Seguimiento medio 55.18 meses. El HHS posoperatorio tuvo una media de 80,28 (DE = 12,8, IC95% 78,5-82,97). No hubo complicaciones posoperatorias en el 75,4% de los pacientes. Las complicacionesmás frecuentes fueron inestabilidad (7,6%) y subsidencia del implante (11,5%). Al final del seguimiento, el 95,05% de los pacientes tenía un implante estable.
Conclusiones: Los vástagos cónicos estriados modulares de fijación distal proporcionan una solución confiable, reproducible y duradera para el manejo de revisiones de componentes femorales a medio plazo.
Nivel de Evidencia: IV