bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of 150 kHz Electromagnetic Radiation on the Development of Polycystic Ovaries Induced by Estradiol Valerate in Sprague Dawley Rats.
Authors: Mohammed Stephanie , Sundaram Venkatesan , Zyuzikov Nikolay 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common complex endocrine disorder affecting approximately 2-20% of reproductive aged females. Tumour Treating Fields (100-300 kHz) is a recent innovative, non-invasive therapeutic approach to cancer therapy. This frequency as an alternative therapy for the management of polycystic ovaries has not yet been explored. Objectives: To explore the effect of full-body exposure of 150 kHz Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR), on the development of polycystic ovaries in an estradiol valerate-induced PCO rat model. Method: Twenty-one female adult rats were divided into three groups (n=7 each): control, Estradiol Valerate (EV) and EV + EMR groups. The EV + EMR group was subjected to full body exposure at 150 kHz EMR continuously for eight consecutive weeks. Estradiol valerate was administered orally to induce polycystic ovaries in EV and EV+EMR groups. Body and ovarian weights were recorded and analysed. The regularity of the estrous cycle was assessed in all three groups. The histological study of ovarian tissue was carried out by haematoxylin and eosin staining. The serum concentration levels of Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and testosterone were measured using the ELISA method. Results: The body and ovary weights did not differ significantly between the EV and EV + EMR groups. The estrous cycle was found to be irregular in both the EV and EV + EMR groups. Ovarian histology revealed near normal morphology with little or no degenerative and morphological changes in developing follicles in the exposed group. Histometrical analysis showed an increased number of developing follicles and a significant reduction in the number and size of follicular cysts (p < 0.05) in the EV+EMR group. Hormonal analysis revealed no significant difference in the testosterone and FSH levels between the EV+EMR and EV groups. However, the LH, LH/FSH ratio decreased significantly in the EV+EMR group compares to the EV group. Conclusion: The 150 kHz EMR appear to have little or no degenerative and morphological changes in the developing follicles, an increased number of typical developing follicles and a significant reduction in the number and size of the follicular cysts (p < 0.05).
Awake prone positioning in non-intubated patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pavlov Ivan , He Hangyong , McNicholas Bairbre , Perez Yonatan , Tavernier Elsa , Trump Matthew W. , Jackson Julie A. , Zhang Wei , Rubin Daniel S. , Spiegel Thomas , Hung Anthony , Estrada Miguel Ángel Ibarra , Roca Oriol , Vines David L. , Cosgrave David , Mirza Sara , Laffey John G. , Rice Todd W. , Ehrmann Stephan , Li Jie 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Awake prone positioning (APP) has been advocated to improve oxygenation and prevent intubations of patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This paper aims to synthesize the available evidence on the efficacy of APP.Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to compare oxygenation parameters in-hospital intubation rate in patients treated with APP or with standard care.Results: A total of 46 published and 4 unpublished observational studies that included 2994 patients were included. APP was associated with significant improvement of various oxygenation parameters in 19 studies (n=381) that reported this outcome. The intubation rate was 27% (95%CI, 19 to 37%) in the 870 patients treated with APP, as compared to 30% (95%CI, 20 to 42%) in the 852 patients treated with usual care (p=0.71).Conclusions: On the basis of the available evidence, it is not possible to demonstrate efficacy of APP for patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory failure, as assessed by the need for invasive ventilation. Routine implementation of APP outside of a clinical trial is not supported by current evidence. Randomized controlled clinical studies are urgently needed to definitively assess the utility of APP in these patients.Registered on PROSPERO on August 3d, 2020, CRD42020201947.
High flow nasal oxygen in patients with COVID-19 associated acute respiratory failure
Authors: Artigas Ricard Mellado , Ferreyro Bruno L. , Angriman Federico , Hernández-Sanz María , Arruti Egoitz , Torres Antoni , Villar Jesús , Brochard Laurent , Ferrando Carlos 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Whether the use of high-flow nasal oxygen in adult patients with COVID-19 associated acute respiratory failure improves clinically relevant outcomes remains unclear. We thus sought to assess the effect of high-flow nasal oxygen on ventilator-free days, compared to early initiation of invasive mechanical ventilation, on adult patients with COVID-19.Methods: We conducted a multicentre cohort study using a prospectively collected database of patients with COVID-19 associated acute respiratory failure admitted to 36 Spanish and Andorran intensive care units (ICUs). Main exposure was the use of high-flow nasal oxygen (conservative group), while early invasive mechanical ventilation (within the first day of ICU admission; early intubation group) served as the comparator. The primary outcome was ventilator-free days at 28 days. ICU length of stay and all-cause in-hospital mortality served as secondary outcomes. We used propensity score matching to adjust for measured confounding.Results: Out of 468 eligible patients, a total of 122 matched patients were included in the present analysis (61 for each group). When compared to early intubation, the use of high-flow nasal oxygen was associated with an increase in ventilator-free days (mean difference: 8.0 days; 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.4 to 11.7 days), and a reduction in ICU length of stay (mean difference: -8.2 days; 95% CI -12.7 to -3.6 days). No difference was observed in all-cause in-hospital mortality between groups (odds ratio: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.25 to 1.64).Conclusions: The use of high-flow nasal oxygen upon ICU admission in adult patients with COVID-19 related acute hypoxemic respiratory failure may lead to an increase in ventilator-free days and a reduction in ICU length of stay, when compared to early initiation of invasive mechanical ventilation. Future studies should confirm our findings.
Osthole enhances the bone mass of senile osteoporosis and stimulates the expression of osteoprotegerin by activating β-catenin signaling
Authors: Jin Zhen-Xiong , Liao Xin-Yuan , Da Wei-Wei , Zhao Yong-Jian , Li Xiao-Feng , Tang Dezhi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction Osthole has a potential therapeutic application for anti-osteoporosis. The present study verified whether osthole downregulates osteoclastogenesis via targeting OPG. Methods In vivo, 12-month-old male mice were utilized to evaluate the effect of osthole on bone mass. In vitro, bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) were isolated and extracted from 3-month-old OPG-/- mice and the littermates of OPG+/+ mice. calvaria osteoblasts were extracted from 3-day-old C57BL/6J mice or 3-day-old OPG-/- mice and the littermates of OPG+/+ mice.Results Osthole significantly increased the gene and protein levels of OPG in primary BMSCs in a dose-dependent manner. The deletion of the OPG gene did not affect β-catenin expression. The deletion of the β-catenin gene inhibited OPG expression in BMSCs, indicating that osthole stimulates the expression of OPG via activation of β-catenin signaling.Conclusion Osthole attenuates osteoclast formation by stimulating the activation of β-catenin-OPG signaling and could be a potential drug for the senile osteoporosis.
Study of induced gravity and correlation theory analysis of nuclear Synthesis chemical elements
Authors: Bingxiong Wen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Modern aerodynamics is the dynamics of gas propulsion. It requires precise data, material resources, manpower, and time. It is urgent to find a more suitable power source. Based on the gravitational effects of dark energy and dark matter, the cyclic process of cosmic physics black holes to odd black holes and dark energy black holes, special fusion and fission phenomena are common in the universe, and theoretical studies such as Einstein's general theory of relativity are no exception. Through the study of the source of cosmic elements, the formation environment of stellar elements, the theory and method of modern physical artificial elements，as well as atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs, and nuclear reactors to precipitate elemental products，we have designed a device which can synthesize physically stable elements and discover new chemical elements. A device capable of synthesizing physically stable elements and discovering new chemical elements is designed.
Sustainability of Lower Disease Activity Levels in a Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient´s Cohort Maintaining High Adherence to Appointments and Treatment
Authors: Santos-Moreno Pedro , Alvis-Estrada Juan , Villarreal Laura , Carrasquilla-Sotomayor Maria , Valencia Omaira , Rodriguez-Florido Fernando , Alviz-Zakzuk Nelson 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective: To describe sustainability of low disease activity levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who were followed-up in a specialized center based on a healthcare model maintaining adherence to appointments and treatment.Material and methods: As part of a comprehensive RA healthcare model, services related to care like rheumatology, physiatry, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, nutrition, and psychology can be found in the specialized center. Patients with RA are followed-up at least six times a year to ensure retention in care model and adherence to the treatment. Using this approach, a cohort of RA patients were followed-up during 2018. Demographical and clinical data were extracted retrospectively from the electronic health records. The association between clinical and demographic variables was studied by means of the Chi-square test and analyzed using the McNemar test for changes in disease activity levels. Results: 2,239 RA patients were followed-up, 82.76% were women. The average disease duration was eight years (IQR: 3-18 years). During the follow-up year, 91.62% of patients with conventional therapy had at least six rheumatology appointments, while for those who received biological therapy 81.51%. For the ones treated with biological therapy, there were no significant changes for each level of disease activity during study period; nevertheless, in patients who received conventional therapy there was a significant increase of patients in remission (p-value = 0.004).Conclusions: The results evidence that the model used guarantees high levels of adherence for medical appointments and keeps remission levels for RA under control.
Building Capacity for Implementation – The KT Challenge
Authors: Black Agnes , Steinberg Marla , Chisholm Amanda , Coldwell Kristi , Hoens Alison , Koh Jiak Chin , LeBlanc Allana , MacKay Martha , Salmon Amy , Snow M Elizabeth 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background The KT Challenge program supports health care professionals to effectively implement evidence-based practices. Unlike other knowledge translation (KT) programs, this program is grounded in capacity building, focuses on health care professionals (HCPs), and uses a multi-component intervention. This study presents the evaluation of the KT Challenge program to assess the impact on uptake, KT capacity and practice change. MethodsThe evaluation used a mixed-methods, time-series design involving surveys and review of documents such as teams’ final reports. Online surveys collecting both quantitative and qualitative data were deployed at four time points (after both workshops, six months into implementation, and at the end of the two-year funded projects) to measure KT capacity ( knowledge, skills and confidence), and impact on practice change. Qualitative data was analyzed using a general inductive approach and quantitative data was analysed using non-parametric statistics. ResultsParticipants reported statistically significant increases in knowledge and confidence across both workshops, at the 6-month mark of their projects, and at the end of their projects. In addition, at the 6-month check-in, practitioners reported statistically significant improvements in their ability to implement practice changes. In the first cohort of the program, of the teams who were able to complete their projects, half were able to show demonstrable practice changes. ConclusionsThe KT Challenge was successful in improving the capacity of HCPs to implement evidence-based practice changes and has begun to show demonstrable improvements in a number of practice areas. The program is relevant to a variety of HCPs working in diverse practice settings and is relatively inexpensive to implement. Like all practice improvement programs in health care settings, a number of challenges emerged stemming from the high turnover of staff and the limited capacity of some practitioners to take on anything beyond direct patient care. Efforts to address these challenges have been added to subsequent cohorts of the program and ongoing evaluation will examine if they are successful. The KT Challenge program has continued to garner great interest among practitioners, even in the midst of dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic, and shows promise for organizations looking for better ways to mobilize knowledge to improve patient care and empower staff. This study contributes to the implementation science literature by providing a description and evaluation of a new model for embedding KT practice skills in health care settings.
On Estimating Survival and Hazard Ratios Using One Time-Scale When Cohort Data Have Multiple Time-Scales: A Simulation Study
Authors: Batyrbekova Nurgul , Bower Hannah , Dickman Paul , Szulkin Robert , Lambert Paul C. , Andersson Therese M-L. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: When estimating survival functions and hazard ratios during theanalysis of cohort data, we often choose one time-scale, such as time-on-study, asthe primary time-scale, and include a xed covariate, such as age at entry, in themodel. However, we rarely consider the possibility of simultaneous effects ofmultiple time-scales on the hazard function. Methods: In a simulation study, within the framework of exible parametricmodels, we investigate whether relying on one time-scale and xed covariate asproxy for the second time-scale is sucient in capturing the true survivalfunctions and hazard ratios when there are actually two underlying time-scales. Result: We demonstrate that the one-time-scale survival models appeared toapproximate well the survival proportions, however, large bias was observed in thelog hazard ratios if the covariate of interest had interactions with the secondtime-scale or with both time-scales. Conclusion: We recommend to exercise caution and encourage tting modelswith multiple time-scales if it is suspected that the cohort data have underlyingnon-proportional hazards on the second time-scale or both time-scales.
The budding yeast protein Chl1p is required for delaying progression through G1/S phase after DNA damage.
Authors: N. Katheeja Muhseena , Das Shankar Prasad , Laha Suparna 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The helicase Chl1p is a nuclear protein required for sister-chromatid cohesion, transcriptional silencing, rDNA recombination, ageing and plays an instrumental role in chromatin remodeling. This budding yeast protein is known to preserve genome integrity and spindle length in S-phase. Here we show additional roles of Chl1p at G1/S phase of the cell cycle following DNA damage. Results: G1 arrested cells when exposed to DNA damage are more sensitive and show bud emergence with a faster kinetics in chl1 mutants compared to wild-type cells. This role of Chl1p in G1 phase is Rad9p dependent and independent of Rad24 and Rad53. rad9chl1 shows similar bud emergence as the single mutants chl1 and rad9 whereas rad24chl1 and rad53chl1 shows faster bud emergence compared to the single mutants rad24 , rad53 and chl1 . In case of damage induced by genotoxic agent like hydroxyurea, Chl1p acts as a checkpoint at G1/S. The faster movement of DNA content through G1/S phase and difference in phosphorylation profile of Rad53p in wild type and chl1 cells confirms the checkpoint defect in chl1 mutant cells. Further we have observed that the checkpoint defect is synergistic with the replication checkpoint Sgs1p and functions in prallel to the checkpoint pathway of Rad24p. Conclusion: Chl1p shows Rad53p independent bud emergence and Rad53p dependent checkpoint, confirms its requirement in two different pathways to maintain the G1/S arrest when cells are exposed to damaging agents. The bud emergence kinetics and DNA segregation were similar to wild type when given the same damage in nocodazole treated chl1 cells which establishes the absence of any role of Chl1p at the G2/M phase. The novelty of this paper lies in revealing the versatile role of Chl1p in checkpoints as well as repair towards regulating G1/S transition. Chl1 thus regulates the G1/S phase by affecting the G1 replication checkpoint pathway and shows an additive effect with Rad24p as well as Rad53p activation when damaging agents perturbs the DNA.
Rhodosporidium Sp. DR37: A Novel Strain For Production of Squalene in Optimized Cultivation Conditions
Authors: Shakeri Shahryar , Khoshbasirat Farshad , Maleki Mahmood 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Rhodosporidium strain, a well-known oleaginous yeast, has been widely used as a platform for lipid and carotenoid production. However, the production of squalene for application in lipid-based biofuels is not reported in this strain. Here, we isolated and identified newly strain of Rhodosporidium sp. DR37 and investigated its potential for production of squalene under various cultivation conditions.Results: In the present study, Rhodosporidium sp. DR37 was isolated from mangrove ecosystem and its potential for squalene production was assessed. When Rhodosporidium sp. DR37 was cultivated on non-optimized medium (20 g/L glucose, 5 g/L peptone, 5 g/L YE, 15 g/L agar, seawater (50% v/v), pH 7, 30 °C), 64 mg/L of squalene was produced. Significantly, use of optimized medium (20 g/L sucrose, 5 g/L peptone, seawater (20 % v/v), pH 7, 25 °C) allowed highest squalene accumulation in Rhodosporidium sp. DR37 (619 mg/L). The maximum squalene content was obtained as 21.6% of total lipid in comparison to the non-optimized medium (13.9% of total lipid).Conclusions: This study is the first report to employ marine oleaginous Rhodosporidium sp. DR37 for accumulation of squalene in optimized medium. Our findings provide the potential of Rhodosporidium sp. DR37 for production of squalene as well as lipid and carotenoids for biofuel applications in large scale.
Isolation and Screening of Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains With Antibacterial Properties From The Vagina of Healthy Cows
Authors: Cheng Chao , Zhang Linchong , Fu Yanru , Li Yanzhong , Ma Xiaohong , Wang Haixia , Liu Zhi-Guo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Lactic acid bacteria with probiotic and antibacterial properties were isolated from the vagina of healthy cows. The purpose of the study is to isolation and screening of lactic acid bacteria strains with antibacterial properties from the vagina of healthy cows, which could be used to treat cow vaginal inflammation. Results Isolation and identification of eight dominant lactic acid bacteria strains from 55 isolates was performed using classic microbiology methods and fermentation engineering. Eight strains were selected that had no spores and capsules, exhibited strong acid production capacity (pH <4.5) and had a rapid acid production (time ≤12 h) at the lowest pH. These strains were screened using fermentation engineering, pharmacology, cell biology and molecular biology methods. Lactobacillus johnsonii (SQ0048) had the lowest pH (4.32) and shortest acid-producing time (8 h). L. johnsonii (SQ0048) could produce hydrogen peroxide, inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and adhere to the vaginal epithelial cells of cows. The average number adhering to each cell was 304±2.67. Bacteriocin genes were detected in L. johnsonii (SQ0048), and the bacteriocin gene of a positive clone of this strain was 100% similar to that of Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533 (NC_005362.1). Expression of the bacteriocin genes had inhibitory activity against S. aureus and E. coli. Conclusions These advantages indicate that SQ0048 is a promising candidate for use in antimicrobial preparations.
Total SOFA and SOFA Kidney are Associated with Short Term and Long term Outcoming of Sepsis-Associated Liver Injury
Authors: Miao He , Liang Hong , Ma Yuteng , Tian Cong , Ma Yanan , Ma Xiaochun , Ding Renyu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Liver injury is considered as a common complication of sepsis. However, there are still few studies on short-term and long-term prognostic factors of sepsis-associated liver injury (SALI). The objective of our study is to conduct a large sample data cohort study to explore the risk factors for short-term and long-term prognosis of SALI.Methods: Data from a public, US-based, critical-care database (Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-III [MIMIC-III]) was used. Septic patients who met the definition of acute liver injury were enrolled. Variables extracted from MIMIC-III were used to evaluate patient demographics, clinical characteristics on Day 1 of intensive care unit admission, and clinical outcomes. The Logistic regression models were used to calculate risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after adjusting for potential factors. Results: Among the 14687 participants in our study, there were 3140 (21.38%) with SALI. SALI was significantly positively associated with ICU mortality (RR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.32, 1.79), 28-day mortality (RR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.11, 1.45) and 1-year mortality (RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.06, 1.34) after adjusting confounding factors. Stratified by SOFA, there was a positive association between SALI and ICU mortality (RR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.64, 2.80), 28-day mortality (RR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.28, 1.99), 1-year mortality (RR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.04, 1.48) after adjusting confounding factors among people with sofa score ≤ 5. Similar results were also obtained between SALI and ICU mortality (RR,1.40; 95% CI, 1.17, 1.67), 28-day mortality (RR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.99, 1.38), 1-year mortality (RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.02, 1.38) after adjusting confounding factors among people with sofa score> 5. Compared with SOFA renal> 1, SALI had a stronger positive correlation with ICU mortality (RR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.01, 1.84), 28-day mortality (RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.91, 1.56), 1-year mortality (RR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.88, 1.41) after adjusted confounding factors among people with SOFA renal ≤ 1.Conclusions: SALI was an independent risk factor for ICU mortality, 28-day mortality and 1-year mortality. And there is a close association between liver and kidney in sepsis, but the mechanism is still unclear and requires further study.