bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluorinated Perylene Diimide Dimer for Organic Solar Cells as Non‐fullerene Acceptor
Authors: Zhang Linhua , Xia Zihao , Wen Jing , Gao Jianhong , Gao Xiang , Liu Zhitian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFluorination has been widely applied in modification of photovoltaic materials, especially fused ring electron acceptors and polymer donors, but rarely in perylene diimides (PDIs)‐based acceptors. The di‐PDI‐2F is facilely obtained by a one‐step synthesis via stannylation/Stille cross‐coupling reaction. Furtherly, we conducted a comparison study between the newly designed fluorinated PDI dimer di‐PDI‐2F and its non‐fluorinated analogue di‐PDI. After fluorination, the energy levels are downshifted, and the absorption spectrum is greatly blue shifted. When paired with a medium band‐gap donor PM6, di‐PDI‐2F based organic solar cells show reduced trap‐assisted and bimolecular recombination as well as better exciton dissociation and charge collection efficiency than that of di‐PDI based ones, thus a greatly enhanced fill factor (FF), together with improved open circuit voltage (Voc) and short circuit current density (Jsc), leading to a superior power conversion efficiency. This fact suggests the potential of fluorination strategy on PDI based acceptors.
4D printing of thermal responsive structure for environmentally adaptive radiative cooling and heating
Authors: Liu Yuchen , Liu Ruochen , Qiu Jingjing , Wang Shiren 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFour‐dimensional (4D) printing, which combines a three‐dimensional (3D) printing process with dynamic modulation of materials, provides a possible solution to achieve stimuli‐responsive microstructure that exhibit more complex functionality. One of the potential applications for these stimuli‐responsive hydrogels is switchable passive radiative cooling and warming. However, most current attempts are limited to mono‐functionality, either radiative cooling or warming only. In this article, we demonstrate a double‐side morphing flower structure for a dual functionality, switchable cooling or warming dependent on the environment. The morphing structure was designed with the aid of emissivity calculations and then fabricated by the 3D printing method. The transition between open‐flower and close‐flower states occurs at 32°C within a minute, resulting in ~35% emissivity difference between these two states. As a result, the power difference between inner layer and outer layer was as high as 22 W/m2 which is a function of pyramid bottom size.
Initial emergency laparotomy outcomes following a transdisciplinary perioperative care pathway in Singapore
Authors: Ong Marc Weijie , Goh Serene Si Ning , Tung Wei Min James , Lim Woan Wui , Hu Hilda Haoling , Lim Choong Yan , Ng Priscilla , Tan Kok Yang , Goo Tiong Thye Jerry 
Published: October 2021

AimEmergency laparotomy (EL) is a common surgery associated with high morbidity and mortality. An enhanced care pathway incorporates evidence‐based care bundles with the aim of providing standardized perioperative care. Prior to 2019, EL management in our institution was not standardized. This study aims to assess whether implementation of a transdisciplinary perioperative Emergency Laparotomy (ELAP) pathway improves clinical and efficiency outcomes of EL.MethodsA prospective single‐center audit was undertaken between 1 January and 31 December, 2019 following the implementation of the ELAP pathway. Comparisons were made with retrospective data from the preimplementation period between 1 January and 31 December, 2017. Demographics and clinical and efficiency outcomes were compared for patients (age > 16 years old) requiring EL for acute abdominal conditions.ResultsThere were 152 and 162 patients from preimplementation and postimplementation periods, respectively. There was a nonsignificant reduction of 30‐day mortality in the intervention group receiving perioperative pathway care compared with the preintervention group (3.1% versus 5.3%, respectively; P = 0.40). There was a decrease in postoperative complications in the intervention group, in particular for Clavien–Dindo IV complications (11.2% versus 3.1%, p < 0.01). Efficiency outcomes improved postimplementation with increased consultant surgeon and anesthetist presence in operating theater and postoperative geriatric assessment for elderly patients. There was an overall reduction in cost of hospital stay from S$32,128 to $27,947 (p = 0.24).ConclusionImplementation of a transdisciplinary perioperative care pathway was associated with significant reduction in postoperative complications, improvement in 30‐day mortality and efficiency outcomes at reduced hospital costs for patients following EL in our institution.
Abiotic Formation of an Amide Bond via Surface‐Supported Direct Carboxyl–Amine Coupling
Authors: Yang Biao , Niu Kaifeng , Haag Felix , Cao Nan , Zhang Junjie , Zhang Haiming , Li Qing , Allegretti Francesco , Björk Jonas , Barth Johannes V. , Chi Lifeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAmide bond formation is one of the most important reactions in biochemistry, notably being of crucial importance for the origin of life. Herein, we combine scanning tunneling microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies to provide evidence for thermally activated abiotic formation of amide bonds between adsorbed precursors through direct carboxyl–amine coupling under ultrahigh‐vacuum conditions by means of on‐surface synthesis. Complementary insights from temperature‐programmed desorption measurements and density functional theory calculations reveal the competition between cross‐coupling amide formation and decarboxylation reactions on the Au(111) surface. Furthermore, we demonstrate the critical influence of the employed metal support: whereas on Au(111) the coupling readily occurs, different reaction scenarios prevail on Ag(111) and Cu(111). The systematic experiments signal that archetypical bio‐related molecules can be abiotically synthesized in clean environments without water or oxygen.
Superstructures of Organic–Polyoxometalate Co‐crystals as Precursors for Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysts
Authors: Li Shuang , Zhao Zhenyang , Ma Tian , Pachfule Pradip , Thomas Arne 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMolybdenum‐based carbides and nitrides have been considered as catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). One of the challenges in using Mo‐based HER electrocatalysts is establishing well‐defined precursors which can be transformed into Mo‐based carbides/nitrides with controllable structure and porosity. We report the synthesis of a series of superstructures consisting of organic–polyoxometalate co‐crystals (O‐POCs) as a new type of metal–organic precursor to synthesize Mo‐based carbides/nitrides in a controlled fashion and to use them for efficient catalytic hydrogen production. This protocol enables to create electrocatalysts composed of abundant nanocrystallites and heterojunctions with tunable micro‐ and nanostructure and mesoporosity. The best performing electrocatalyst shows high HER activity and stability with a low overpotential of 162 mV at 100 mA cm−2 (in comparison to Pt/C with 263 mV), which makes it one of the best non‐noble metal HER catalysts in alkaline media and seawater.
Mo3S132− Intercalated Layered Double Hydroxide: Highly Selective Removal of Heavy Metals and Simultaneous Reduction of Ag+ Ions to Metallic Ag0 Ribbons
Authors: Yang Lixiao , Xie Linxia , Chu Menglin , Wang Hui , Yuan Mengwei , Yu Zihuan , Wang Chaonan , Yao Huiqin , Islam Saiful M. , Shi Keren , Yan Dongpeng , Ma Shulan , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe demonstrate a new material by intercalating Mo3S132− into Mg/Al layered double hydroxide (abbr. Mo3S13‐LDH), exhibiting excellent capture capability for toxic Hg2+ and noble metal silver (Ag). The as‐prepared Mo3S13‐LDH displays ultra‐high selectivity of Ag+, Hg2+ and Cu2+ in the presence of various competitive ions, with the order of Ag+>Hg2+>Cu2+>Pb2+≥Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cd2+. For Ag+ and Hg2+, extremely fast adsorption rates (≈90 % within 10 min, >99 % in 1 h) are observed. Much high selectivity is present for Ag+ and Cu2+, especially for trace amounts of Ag+ (≈1 ppm), achieving a large separation factor (SFAg/Cu) of ≈8000 at the large Cu/Ag ratio of 520. The overwhelming adsorption capacities for Ag+ (qmAg=1073 mg g−1) and Hg2+ (qmHg=594 mg g−1) place the Mo3S13‐LDH at the top of performing sorbent materials. Most importantly, Mo3S13‐LDH captures Ag+ via two paths: a) formation of Ag2S due to Ag‐S complexation and precipitation, and b) reduction of Ag+ to metallic silver (Ag0). The Mo3S13‐LDH is a promising material to extract low‐grade silver from copper‐rich minerals and trap highly toxic Hg2+ from polluted water.
Blends of fresh olive oil and old olive oil: Characterization and quantification through chemical and sensory assessment
Authors: Jabeur Hazem , Ben Hmida Rania , Chtourou Ihsene , Bouaziz Mohamed 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe present research work undertakes the investigation of the effect of storage on the quality of olive oil from Chemlali cultivar harvested from the Sfax region. The comparison of fresh and old olive oils was conducted through several physico‐chemical methods (free fatty acids, peroxide value, UV‐spectrophotometry [K232, K270, and ΔK], moisture content, total ethyl esters content, pyropheophytin, 1,2‐diacylglycerol content, and sensory analysis). A trivial rise in quality parameter along with a minor impact on the sensory scores was observed. Not only did the pyropheophytin and 1,2‐diacyglycerol criteria prove excellent performance as indicators of overall olive oil quality and freshness, but also underlined any problems during oil storage. Besides, pyropheophytin increment (17%) and the 1,2‐diacylglycerols decreased (35%) at normal storage conditions over time. On the other hand, when blending fresh extra‐virgin olive oil with old extra‐virgin olive oil, no detectable modifications of the chemical composition were observed. This is revealed by the trivial alteration of the parameters which are usually deemed as quality indicators, namely peroxide value, K232, and sensory evaluation. In fact, the most reliable technique appears to be the identification of ethyl esters, pyropheophytin and 1,2‐diacyglycerol.
Polyamidoamine dendrimers of the third generation–chlorin e6 nanoconjugates: Nontoxic hybrid polymers with photodynamic activity
Authors: Díaz Carola F. , Guzmán Leonardo , Jiménez Verónica A. , Alderete Joel B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDendrimer‐based nanoconjugates play a key role as functional polymers for biomedical applications. In this work, the one‐pot conjugation of polyamidoamine dendrimers of the third generation (PAMAM‐G3) with the photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) is presented using 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) and N‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) to mediate the synthesis, resulting in a 9% substitution degree according to nuclear magnetic resonance data. The PAMAM‐G3‐Ce6 nanoconjugate exhibits reduced cytotoxicity compared with the native dendrimer and efficient photodynamic activity against HeLa cancer cells after 1 h of incubation with a 100 μmol L−1 solution and 3 min of irradiation with red light‐emitting diode light (628 nm, 259 W m−2). Molecular dynamics simulations confirm that the PAMAM‐G3‐Ce6 system adopts a spherical structure and retains the internal dendritic cavities that enable drug encapsulation, which is relevant for the potential use of these hybrid polymers in combined chemo/photodynamic therapy.
Digital morphometrics: Application of MorphoLeaf in shape visualization and species delimitation, using Cucurbitaceae leaves as a model
Authors: Oso Oluwatobi A. , Jayeola Adeniyi A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPremisePlant leaves are one of the most important organs for plant identification due to their variability across different taxonomic groups. While traditional morphometrics has contributed tremendously to reducing the problems accompanying plant identification and morphology‐based species delimitation, image‐analysis digital solutions have made it easy to detect more characters to complement existing leaf data sets.MethodsHere, we apply MorphoLeaf to generate a morphometric data set from 140 leaf specimens of seven Cucurbitaceae species via landmark extraction, the reparameterization of leaf contours, and data quantification and normalization. A statistical analysis was performed on the resulting data set.ResultsA principal component analysis revealed that leaf blade area, blade perimeter, tooth area, tooth perimeter, the measure of the distance from tooth position to the tip, and the measure of the distance from tooth position to the base are important and informative landmarks that contribute to the variation within the species studied.DiscussionMorphoLeaf can be applied to quantitatively track leaf diversity, thereby functionally integrating morphometrics and shape visualization into the digital identification of plants. The success of digital morphometrics in leaf outline analyses presents researchers with opportunities to carry out more accurate image‐based research in areas such as plant development, evolution, and phenotyping.
Strategic Approaches to the Dendritic Growth and Interfacial Reaction of Lithium Metal Anode
Authors: Han Sang A , Qutaish Hamzeh , Park Min‐Sik , Moon Janghyuk , Kim Jung Ho 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUtilization of lithium (Li) metal anode is highly desirable for achieving high energy density batteries. Even so, the unavoidable features of Li dendritic growth and inactive Li are still the main factors that hinder its practical application. During plating and stripping, the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer can provide passivation, playing an important role in preventing direct contact between the electrolyte and the electrode in Li metal batteries. Because of complexities of the electrolyte chemical and electrochemical reactions, the various formation mechanisms for the SEI are still not well understood. What we do know is that a strategic artificial SEI achieved through additives electrolyte can suppress the Li dendrites. Otherwise, the dendrites keep generating an abundance of irreversible Li, resulting in severe capacity loss, internal short‐circuiting, and cell failure. In this minireview, we focus on the phenomenon of dendritic Li‐growth and provide a brief overview of SEI formation. We finally provide some clear insights and perspectives toward practical application of Li metal batteries.
Monodisperse Porous Carbon Nanospheres with Ultra‐High Surface Area for Energy Storage in Electrochemical Capacitors
Authors: Díez Noel , Sevilla Marta , Fombona‐Pascual Alba , Fuertes Antonio B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHighly porous carbon nanoparticles are very suitable materials for supercapacitor electrodes due to their combination of large surface area for ion adsorption and short pathways for fast ion diffusion. Herein we describe the synthesis of highly porous carbon nanospheres (d=90 nm) by a simple strategy that involves the preparation of monodisperse nanoparticles by the oxidative polymerization of pyrrole, followed by their direct chemical activation with KHCO3. The morphology of the nanospheres is well retained after activation, and the inorganic impurities are removed by a simple washing step with water. The porous nanospheres possess a high electrical conductivity and specific surface areas exceeding 3000 m2 g−1 due to their high content of micropores and small mesopores (<4 nm). Their highly developed and readily available porosity make these materials promising for use as supercapacitor electrodes. In the aqueous 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte, the porous nanospheres reach a capacitance of 262 F g−1 and withstand an ultrahigh current density of 80 A g−1 maintaining a capacitance above 100 F g−1. In the organic 1 M TEABF4/AN and EMImTFSI/AN electrolytes, the nanoparticles reach 175 and 155 F g−1, and the supercapacitors could be cycled up to 50 A g−1 delivering 30 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 20 kW kg−1 and 31 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 31 kW kg−1, respectively. These results demonstrate the potential of these nanoparticles for energy storage applications.
Thrombopoietin receptor‐based protein–protein interaction screening (THROPPIS)
Authors: Horikawa Makiko , Kakiuchi Yosuke , Kashima Daiki , Ogawa Kenichiro , Kawahara Masahiro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are involved in many cellular events, development of mammalian cytosolic PPI detection systems is important for drug discovery as well as understanding biological phenomena. We have previously reported a c‐kit‐based PPI screening (KIPPIS) system, in which proteins of interest were fused with a receptor tyrosine kinase c‐kit, leading to intracellular PPI‐dependent cell growth. However, it has not been investigated whether PPI can be detected using other receptors. In this study, we employed a thrombopoietin receptor, which belongs to the Type I cytokine receptor family, to develop a thrombopoietin receptor‐based PPI screening (THROPPIS) system. To improve the sensitivity of THROPPIS, we examined two strategies of (i) localization of the chimeric receptors on the cell membrane, and (ii) addition of a helper module to the chimeric receptors. Intriguingly, the nonlocalized chimeric receptor showed the best performance of THROPPIS. Furthermore, the addition of the helper module dramatically improved the detection sensitivity. In total, 5 peptide–domain interactions were detected successfully, demonstrating the versatility of THROPPIS. In addition, a peptide–domain interaction was detected even when insulin receptor or epidermal growth factor receptor was used as a signaling domain, demonstrating that this PPI detection system can be extended to other receptors.
The strength of corticomotoneuronal drive underlies ALS split phenotypes and reflects early upper motor neuron dysfunction
Authors: Eisen Andrew , Bede Peter 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundSplit phenotypes, (split hand, elbow, leg, and foot), are probably unique to ALS, and are characterized by having a shared peripheral input of both affected and unaffected muscles. This implies an anatomical origin rostral to the spinal cord, primarily within the cerebral cortex. Therefore, split phenotypes are a potential marker of ALS upper motor neuron pathology. However, to date, reports documenting upper motor neuron dysfunction in split phenotypes have been limited to using transcranial magnetic stimulation and cortical threshold tracking techniques. Here, we consider several other potential methodologies that could confirm a primary upper motor neuron pathology in split phenotypes.MethodsWe review the potential of: 1. measuring the compound excitatory post‐synaptic potential recorded from a single activated motor unit, 2. cortical‐muscular coherence, and 3. new advanced modalities of neuroimaging (high‐resolution imaging protocols, ultra‐high field MRI platforms [7T], and novel Non‐Gaussian diffusion models).ConclusionsWe propose that muscles involved in split phenotypes are those functionally involved in the human motor repertoire used particularly in complex activities. Their anterior horn cells receive the strongest corticomotoneuronal input. This is also true of the weakest muscles that are the earliest to be affected in ALS. Descriptions of split hand in non‐ALS cases and proposals that peripheral nerve or muscle dysfunction may be causative are contentious. Only a few carefully controlled cases of each form of split phenotype, using upper motor neuron directed methodologies, are necessary to prove our postulate.
Risk, rights and deservedness: Navigating the tensions of Gladue, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder and settler colonialism in Canadian courts
Authors: Dickson Jane , Stewart Michelle 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn 2008, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada engaged in a public project of national reconciliation to address the ongoing impacts of settler colonialism including the disproportionate number of Indigenous adults and youth who are held in remand facilities awaiting trial or sentence as well as those who are convicted and sentenced to periods of incarceration. Efforts to further reconciliation by reducing Indigenous incarceration rates have relied largely on the courts and their application of a sentencing principle rooted in the Supreme Court’s ruling in R. v. Gladue [1999] 1 SCR 688. In this article, we argue that the Gladue sentencing principle is being fundamentally undermined in the courts through risk models that actively displace the very context that Gladue reports seek to illuminate. Included in the analysis are the compounding impacts facing Indigenous individuals struggling with a complex disability like Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder.
Discovery of Two Novel Oxidases Using a High‐Throughput Activity Screen
Authors: Rembeza Elzbieta , Boverio Alessandro , Fraaije Marco W. , Engqvist Martin K. M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDiscovery of novel enzymes is a challenging task, yet a crucial one, due to their increasing relevance as chemical catalysts and biotechnological tools. In our work we present a high‐throughput screening approach to discovering novel activities. A screen of 96 putative oxidases with 23 substrates led to the discovery of two new enzymes. The first enzyme, N‐acetyl‐D‐hexosamine oxidase (EC 1.1.3.29) from Ralstonia solanacearum, is a vanillyl alcohol oxidase‐like flavoprotein displaying the highest activity with N‐acetylglucosamine and N‐acetylgalactosamine. Before our discovery of the enzyme, its activity was an orphan one ‐ experimentally characterized but lacking the link to amino acid sequence. The second enzyme, from an uncultured marine euryarchaeota, is a long‐chain alcohol oxidase (LCAO, EC 1.1.3.20) active with a range of fatty alcohols, with 1‐dodecanol being the preferred substrate. The enzyme displays no sequence similarity to previously characterised LCAOs, and thus is a completely novel representative of a protein with such activity.
Concomitant active inflammation of myocardium and thyroid, incidental finding in COVID‐19 pandemic: A case report
Authors: Houshmand Golnaz , Ghorashi Seyyed Mojtaba , Mirrazeghi Fatemeh , Omidi Negar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 could affect every organ either directly or indirectly. We describe a young, healthy man diagnosed with COVID‐19 whose inaugural presentation was concurrent myocarditis and incidental thyroiditis in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging within two months post recovery. This case illustrates the ongoing pro‐inflammatory process several months’ post‐COVID‐19 recovery.
A case of nonislet cell tumor hypoglycemia associated with malignant mesothelioma requiring a multifaceted approach for optimal glycemic control
Authors: Ono Mariko , Maeda Yuki , Koyama Nobuyuki , Nagase Terumasa , Katsura Yoshiya , Nakamura Hiroyuki , Aoshiba Kazutetsu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNonislet tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by refractory hypoglycemia, which often requires multifaceted therapy. We reported a case of a patient with pleural malignant mesothelioma and developed NICTH, for which chemotherapy, glucocorticoids, and nutrition were given to achieve optimal glycemic control.