bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiscale structural characterization of the vertebral endplate in animal models
Authors: Wojtków Magdalena , Głowacki Maciej , Pezowicz Celina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractResearch in the field of spinal biomechanics, including analyses of the impact of implants on the stability of the spine, is conducted extensively in animal models. One of the basic problems in spinal implantation is the transfer and distribution of loads carried by the spine on the surfaces of the vertebral bodies. An important factor in proper cooperation of spinal implants with the vertebrae is the endplate (EP), which is why the EP in the animal model used for testing should be as similar as possible to the human EP. Therefore, this study involved multiscale structural and morphometric analyses of the animal models most commonly used in spinal biomechanics research, i.e. pig, ovine, and bovine tail. The tests were performed on 28 lumbar porcine, ovine, and bovine vertebrae. Both cranial and caudal EPs were analysed in three selected areas: anterior, middle, and posterior EPs. The conducted tests included a morphometric analysis of the trabecular bone (TB) layer of the EP as well as microscopic analysis at the mesoscale (total thickness) and microscale (thickness of the individual EP layers). The porcine EP had a characteristic increased circumferential thickness (~3 mm) with a significant narrowing in the central region (50%–60%). The convex cranial ovine EP had a constant thickness throughout the cross‐section and the concave caudal EP showed ~35% narrowing in the central region. The thickest EPs were observed in the bovine tail model with negligibly small narrowing in the central region (~5%). The thickness of the cartilaginous layer in the porcine and bovine models reached up to 1 mm in the peripheral regions and decreased in the central part. The growth plate layer had a similar thickness in all the models. On the other hand, the narrowing of the total thickness of the EPs in the central region was mainly due to a decrease in the VEP thickness. In the ovine and bovine models, the central region of the EP was characterized by large isotropy and trabeculae of mixed or rod‐like shape. By contrast, in the pig, this region had plate‐like trabeculae of anisotropic nature. The porcine model was identified as best reflecting the shape and structure of the human EP and as the best surrogate model for the human EP model. This choice is particularly important in the context of biomechanical research.
Reflex anuria causing acute kidney injury following myomectomy: A case report
Authors: Tahmina Sultana , Daniel Mary , Kalra Sidhartha 
Published: February 2021

AbstractReflex anuria is a rare cause of acute renal failure, which may occur following ureteric manipulation or painful stimuli to adjacent organs during pelvic surgery. This condition, relatively unfamiliar to the general gynecologist, should be considered even when no obvious cause of anatomical obstruction is found. We present a case of reflex anuria in a 28‐year‐old woman for two large intramural fibroids. Evaluation did not reveal any organic obstruction of the urinary tract. Bilateral ureteric stenting and other supportive measures resulted in diuresis and improvement of renal function. Stents were removed after 10 days and patient was discharged on the 15th postoperative day with normal renal parameters. Intrarenal arteriolar spasm or ureteric spasm following pelvic manipulation can cause reflex anuria and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute renal failure in cases following pelvic surgery.
How to approach the rupture of tubo‐ovarian abscess during pregnancy: A case report and literature review
Authors: Kim Young Ah , Chun Kyoung‐Chul , Koh Jae Whoan , Song Hyoun Suk , Kim Hee‐Sun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe present the case of a 26‐year‐old multiparous woman who experienced rupture of a tubo‐ovarian abscess during the second trimester of pregnancy. She presented with epigastric and right lower quadrant pain at 12 + 0 weeks' gestation. There were no other specific findings on the magnetic resonance imaging images. We recommended hospitalization to observe the changes in pain, but she refused confinement. About 3 weeks later, she revisited our emergency room at 15 + 4 weeks' gestation. She complained of worsening abdominal pain with fever. She underwent right salpingo‐oophorectomy and appendectomy due to uncontrollable, severe abdominal pain without any obstetric abnormal condition. There was a rupture site in the right adnexa, which was covered with pus. The rupture of tubo‐ovarian abscess during pregnancy is very rare. Therefore, obstetricians should carefully monitor the adnexal masses observed during pregnancy, which should be treated with caution, whether or not the patient is symptomatic.
Efficiency, access, and the mixed delivery of health care services
Authors: Canta Chiara 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUniversal health systems often rely on both pubic provision and contracting arrangements with private hospitals. This paper studies the optimal mix of public and private provision of health care services. We propose a model in which the regulator acts as athird‐party payer, and aims to ensure universal access to treatment at minimal cost. Patients need one unit of medical services and differ in the severity of illness. A private and a public hospital are available. Under incomplete contracts, ownership affects the regulatory constraints and the power of managerial incentives. Only the private manager internalizes profits, and has incentives to reject costly patients and to exert effort in cost reduction. Contracting with the private hospital is optimal when managerial effort is relatively effective in reducing costs. By using the public hospital as a last resort provider, the regulator can ensure access, provide incentives to the private manager, and internalize part of the resulting cost savings. Imposing a no‐dumping constraint on the private hospital reduces the power of incentives and is not always optimal.
Influence of head flexion and rotation on obstructive sleep apnea severity during supine sleep
Authors: Tate Albert , Kurup Veena , Shenoy Bindiya , Freakley Craig , Eastwood Peter R , Walsh Jennifer , Terrill Philip 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHead posture influences the collapsibility of the passive upper airway during anaesthesia. However, little is known about the impact of head posture during sleep. The objective of this study was to develop and validate an instrument to measure head posture during supine sleep and to apply this instrument to investigate the influence of head posture on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity. A customized instrument to quantify head flexion and rotation during supine sleep was developed and validated in a benchtop experiment. Twenty‐eight participants with suspected OSA were successfully studied using diagnostic polysomnography with the addition of the customized instrument. Head posture in supine sleep was discretized into four categories by two variables: head flexed or not (flexion >15°); and head rotated or not (rotation >45°). Sleep time in each posture and the posture‐specific apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) were quantified. Linear mixed‐effect modelling was applied to determine the influence of flexion and rotation on supine OSA severity. Twenty‐four participants had ≥15 min of supine sleep in at least one head‐posture category. Only one participant had ≥15 min of supine sleep time with the head extended. Head flexion was associated with a 12.9 events/h increase in the AHI (95% CI: 3.7–22.1, p = .007). Head rotation was associated with an 11.0 events/h decrease in the AHI (95% CI: 0.3–21.6, p = .04). Despite substantial interparticipant variability, head flexion worsened OSA severity, and head rotation improved OSA severity. Interventions to promote rotation and restrict flexion may have therapeutic benefit in selected patients.
The transcription factor TaLAX1 interacts with Q to antagonistically regulate grain threshability and spike morphogenesis in bread wheat
Authors: He Guanhua , Zhang Yunwei , Liu Pan , Jing Yexing , Zhang Lichao , Zhu Yingfang , Kong Xiuying , Zhao Huixian , Zhou Yun , Sun Jiaqiang 
Published: February 2021

Summary

The domestication gene Q is largely responsible for the widespread cultivation of wheat because it confers multiple domestication traits. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of how Q regulates these domestication traits remain unclear.

In this study, we identify a Q‐interacting protein TaLAX1, a basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor, through yeast two‐hybrid assays. Using biochemical and genetic approaches, we explore the roles of TaLAX1 in regulating wheat domestication traits.

Overexpression of TaLAX1 produces phenotypes, reminiscent of the q allele; loss‐of‐function Talax1 mutations confer compact spikes, largely similar to the Q‐overexpression wheat lines. The two transcription factors TaLAX1 and Q disturb each other’s activity to antagonistically regulate the expression of the lignin biosynthesis‐related gene TaKNAT7‐4D. More interestingly, a natural variation (InDel, +/− TATA), which occurs in the promoter of TaLAX1, is associated with the promoter activity difference between the D subgenome of bread wheat and its ancestor Aegilops tauschii accession T093.

This study reveals that the transcription factor TaLAX1 physically interacts with Q to antagonistically regulate wheat domestication traits and a natural variation (InDel, +/− TATA) is associated with the diversification of TaLAX1 promoter activity.
Bryophytes are not early diverging land plants
Authors: McDaniel Stuart F. 
Published: February 2021

SummaryPhylogenetic trees have permeated biology. However, an understanding of how to interpret phylogenies has lagged behind, notably in publications outside of evolutionary biology. Here I argue that some language commonly used in plant systematics has contributed to the confusion by describing phylogenetic trees using intuitive but misleading terms reminiscent of Aristotle's Scala Naturae. These terms (perhaps inadvertently) misrepresent evolution, not as a process acting on all living species, but rather as a progression of successively diverging lineages leading to a group that represents a subjectively defined endpoint. My goal here is to show how thinking of the tree of life in terms of early‐diverging lineages and higher groups can distort evolutionary literacy, confound interdisciplinary communication, and potentially bias research agendas. I focus on the relationship between bryophytes and angiosperms as a case study, but the theme applies to all branches of the tree of life. Fortunately, evolutionary biologists have developed an easily understood alternative framework – tree thinking – which I highlight as a means to promote a clear understanding of phylogenies across sub‐disciplines of biology, and between practicing biologists and students, or members the public which funds much of our work.
Leadless pacemaker implantation in a patient with a fully magnetically levitated left ventricular assist device
Authors: Miyazaki Yuichiro , Wada Mitsuru , Yoshitake Koichi , Mochizuki Hiroki , Ishibashi Kohei , Noda Takashi , Fukushima Norihide , Kusano Kengo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLeft ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy is increasingly used in patients with end‐stage heart failure. However, LVADs are associated with challenges, especially in the presence of a cardiac implantable electronic device. Although a leadless pacemaker (PM), the Micra™ Transcatheter Pacing System, can be used with LVADs, data regarding HeartMate 3™ LVAD are limited. In this report, we present a patient with a HeartMate 3™ LVAD who underwent successful leadless PM implantation after the removal of an infected cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator.
Immune‐modulatory effects of lenalidomide inhibited the progression of lesions in a vitiligo mouse model
Authors: Pervaiz Naveed , Kaur Harjot , Parsad Davinder , Kumar Ravinder 
Published: February 2021

AbstractVitiligo, an autoimmune disorder, is associated with altered cytokine levels and T lymphocytes. Lenalidomide modulates immune system components by altering cytokine production and regulating T‐cell stimulation. In this study, effect of lenalidomide was checked on the development of vitiligo lesions, level of various cytokines, and T lymphocytes in the mouse model. The vitiligo mouse model was developed by immunizing C57BL/6 mouse with anti‐mouse tyrosine‐related protein 2. Lenalidomide was orally given to mice daily, and the effect was observed on the development of vitiligo lesions. The level of T lymphocytes in blood was checked by flow cytometry. Serum cytokine levels were checked by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Vitiligo lesions were found significantly smaller in lenalidomide‐treated mice models. It significantly decreased the serum levels of IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 but elevated the levels of IL‐4 and IL‐10. It non‐significantly elevated CD4+/CD8+ T‐cell ratio. Lenalidomide had an inhibitory effect on the development of vitiligo lesions in mice models by suppressing the serum level of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and increasing anti‐inflammatory cytokine levels. It modulated the immune response in vitiligo mice models toward an anti‐inflammatory profile suggesting its use in the management of vitiligo.
Multiple desmoplastic Spitz nevi with BRAF fusions in a patient with ring chromosome 7 syndrome
Authors: Roy Simon F. , Bastian Boris C. , Maguiness Sheilagh , Giubellino Alessio , Vemula Swapna S. , McCalmont Timothy H. , Yeh Iwei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPatients with non‐supernumerary ring chromosome 7 syndrome have an increased incidence of hemangiomas, café‐au‐lait spots, and melanocytic nevi. The mechanism for the increased incidence of these benign neoplasms is unknown. We present the case of a 22‐year‐old man with ring chromosome 7 and multiple melanocytic nevi. Two nevi, one on the right ear and the other on the right knee, were biopsied and diagnosed as desmoplastic Spitz nevi. Upon targeted next‐generation DNA sequencing, both harbored BRAF fusions. Copy number alterations and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for BRAF suggested that the fusions arose on the ring chromosome 7. Hence, one reason for increased numbers of nevi in patients with non‐supernumerary ring chromosome 7 syndrome may be increased likelihood of BRAF fusions, due to the instability of the ring chromosome.
The intersection of climate change with the era of COVID‐19
Authors: Zang Sheryl M. , Benjenk Ivy , Breakey Suellen , Pusey‐Reid Eleonor , Nicholas Patrice K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this integrative review is to examine recent literature on the intersection of SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19 novel coronavirus) and climate change that will lead to a greater understanding of the complexities of the urgent pandemic linked with the emerging climate crisis. A literature search for peer‐reviewed, English language, literature published since the pandemic emerged was conducted using Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, and the Cochrane Library. The final sample yielded a total of 22 commentaries, editorials, discussion papers, and a research study that explicitly addressed the intersection of COVID‐19 and climate change. Sixty articles emerged in the initial review of the intersection of the COVID‐19 pandemic and climate change with the final yield of 22 articles deemed valid for inclusion after full text review. With the emergence of COVID‐19 and scholarly discourse that addresses the intersection of the pandemic with climate change, key issues emerged that intersect with policy /advocacy, social justice, and nursing's public health role in clinical practice, education, policy/advocacy, and research/scholarship. Five themes that emerged included the role of public health in COVID‐19 and climate change efforts; global approach addressing human‐environment issues; intersection of COVID‐19 and climate change from a community and global perspective; impacts of COVID‐19, climate change and the environment and professional associations and specialty organizations’ views and responsibilities with a lens on COVID‐19 and climate change. Despite the importance of addressing racial inequities as well as systemic and structural racism that impacts those most affected by climate change and pandemics such as COVID‐19, no literature addressed this topic. Public health nursing has a critical role in addressing climate change and the pandemic response to COVID 19 in the 21st century.
Community engagement as a foundation for improving neighborhood health
Authors: García Alexandra A. , West Ohueri Chelsi , Garay Ricardo , Guzmán Monica , Hanson Kacey , Vasquez Monique , Zuñiga Julie , Tierney William 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveHealth inequities and disparities are associated with non‐White race/ethnicity, immigrant status, income, and geographic location. Community engagement is essential to identify health and social needs and to plan health care and social services programs. To begin a larger community‐based participatory study, the purpose of this study was to explore community residents’ perceptions of barriers and facilitators to achieving and maintaining health.Design, Sample, and MeasurementsThis qualitative descriptive study used focus group interviews. We recruited a convenience sample (n = 50) from community meetings and gathering for five audio‐recorded focus groups that used a semi‐structured interview guide. Transcripts were coded to identify common topics in each group and major themes across groups.ResultsParticipants were predominantly women (58%), Hispanic/Latinx, and Spanish‐speaking (57%), who rented their homes (69%). Two main themes emerged: (a) social determinants as barriers to health and (b) need for trust to participate in health programs.ConclusionsAlthough health care providers are frequently concerned about providing access to care, community members identified a variety of social determinants that affected their health. Listening and responding to community members’ priorities are the foundation to improving health in neighborhoods directly affected by inequities.
Political Ideology, Political Party, and Support for Greater Federal Spending on Environmental Protection in the United States: Evidence from the General Social Surveys, 1993–2018
Authors: Yen Steven T. , Zampelli Ernest M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper focuses on the effects of political ideology and party affiliation on support for more government spending on environmental protection. Pooled‐sample results show that Liberals (Democrats) are more likely to support higher government spending on environmental protection than Moderates (Independents), who, in turn, are more likely to support higher spending levels than Conservatives (Republicans). The results persist even when we control for respondents' opinions concerning whether the federal government, in general, does too little or too much. When stratifying by party, ideological divisions generally narrow, while stratifying by ideology leads to slightly wider divisions between Democrats and Republicans. Together, these results suggest that when Liberals and Conservatives form opinions about government spending on the environment, party affiliation, to some degree, dampens the effects of ideology. Between 2014 and 2018 the probability of supporting more environmental spending increased, albeit slightly, for all ideologies and parties, but more so for Liberals and Democrats.
Neolocalism and Beyond––Sexing Up Rural Places*
Authors: Honkaniemi Tuomas , Syrjälä Henna , Lundström Niklas , Rajala Arto 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we revise the concept of neolocalism by showing how companies that sex up rural places update and add novel nuances to neolocalist marketing. As the positive aspects drawn from tradition, stories and history are at the center of neolocalism, we aim to highlight how the usually negatively perceived images of the rural may be turned into something positive, trendy, desirable, and eventually sexy in the marketing of rural areas and businesses. The data of this study consists of nine company interviews and four consumer focus groups (n = 17). Our findings show how three features—namely, the hybridization of rural and urban, generational experience of millennials, and minimalist visualization—combined construct ideas for new image creation for rural areas. The concept of sexing up places ushers in new possibilities for rural actors and regions by reducing the distinction between rural and urban via visual imagery that is a particularly good match for the generational experience of the millennials. In this way, the study offers a novel way to tackle the challenges faced by rural areas, such as depopulation and image loss.
THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE, BIBLICAL CRITICISM, ANDTHE FUNDAMENTALS
Authors: Mathieson Stuart 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Victoria Institute was established in London in 1865. Although billed as an anti‐evolutionary organization, and stridently anti‐Darwinian in its rhetoric, it spent relatively little time debating the theory of natural selection. Instead, it served as a haven for a specific set of intellectual commitments. Most important among these was the Baconian scientific methodology, which prized empiricism and induction, and was suspicious of speculation. Darwin's use of hypotheses meant that the Victoria Institute members were unconvinced that his work was truly scientific, but even more concerning for them was the specter of biblical criticism. This approach to biblical studies incorporated techniques from literary criticism, treating it as any other document. Since it also relied on hypotheses, the Victoria Institute members were similarly skeptical that biblical criticism was scientific, and spent much of their time attempting to refute it. In this way, they functioned as an incubator for the concerns that would animate the fundamentalist–modernist controversies of the early twentieth century.