bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcranial magnetic stimulation entrains alpha oscillatory activity in occipital cortex
Authors: Lin Yong-Jun , Shukla Lavanya , Dugué Laura , Valero-Cabré Antoni , Carrasco Marisa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractParieto-occipital alpha rhythms (8–12 Hz) underlie cortical excitability and influence visual performance. Whether the synchrony of intrinsic alpha rhythms in the occipital cortex can be entrained by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an open question. We applied 4-pulse, 10-Hz rhythmic TMS to entrain intrinsic alpha oscillators targeting right V1/V2, and tested four predictions with concurrent electroencephalogram (EEG): (1) progressive enhancement of entrainment across time windows, (2) output frequency specificity, (3) dependence on the intrinsic oscillation phase, and (4) input frequency specificity to individual alpha frequency (IAF) in the neural signatures. Two control conditions with an equal number of pulses and duration were arrhythmic-active and rhythmic-sham stimulation. The results confirmed the first three predictions. Rhythmic TMS bursts significantly entrained local neural activity. Near the stimulation site, evoked oscillation amplitude and inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC) were increased for 2 and 3 cycles, respectively, after the last TMS pulse. Critically, ITPC following entrainment positively correlated with IAF rather than with the degree of similarity between IAF and the input frequency (10 Hz). Thus, we entrained alpha-band activity in occipital cortex for ~ 3 cycles (~ 300 ms), and IAF predicts the strength of entrained occipital alpha phase synchrony indexed by ITPC.
Associations of clinical, psychological, and socioeconomic characteristics with nicotine dependence in smokers
Authors: Sim Yun Su , Yoo Seunghee , Lee Kang-Sook , Rhee Chin Kook , Kim Young Kyoon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCigarette smoking is a risk factor of mortality and morbidity from various cancerous, respiratory, and myocardial diseases. Nicotine dependence is assessed based on the degree of physical dependence. We aimed to determine the clinical, socioeconomic and psychological factors associated with the smoking status and degree of nicotine dependence of smokers. From April 2009 to September 2010, we retrospectively collected data from 17,577 subjects aged ≥ 18 years who had undergone a general health examination at a health promotion center. The instruments used included the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire (FTQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Stress Response Inventory (SRI), and Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). Of the current smokers (N = 3946), 2345 (59%), 1154 (29%), and 447 (12%) had low, moderate, and high nicotine dependence, respectively. In multiple logistic analysis, predictors of high nicotine dependence were male sex (odds ratio [OR] 3.705, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.997–6.945), older age (≥ 65 years) (OR 1.016, 95% CI 1.004–1.029), higher body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.048, 95% CI 1.018–1.078), diabetes (OR 1.870, 95% CI 1.251–2.794), single marital status (OR 1.575, 95% CI 1.186–2.092), lower education level (OR 1.887, 95% CI 1.463–2.433), and a higher stress level (OR 1.018, 95% CI 1.997–6.945). Thus, clinical, psychological, socioeconomic status including male, older age, higher BMI, diabetes, single marital status, lower education, and higher stress should be taken into consideration by promoting smoking cessation.
Towards environmental friendly multi-step processing of efficient mixed-cation mixed halide perovskite solar cells from chemically bath deposited lead sulphide
Authors: Gozalzadeh Sahel , Nasirpouri Farzad , Seok Sang Il 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOrganic–inorganic hybrid perovskite is the most promising active layer for new generation of solar cells. Despite of highly efficient perovskite active layer conventionally fabricated by spin coating methods, the need for using toxic solvents like dimethylformamide (DMF) required for dissolving low soluble metal precursors as well as the difficulties for upscaling the process have restricted their practical development. To deal with these shortcomings, in this work, lead sulphide as the lead metal precursor was produced by aqueous chemical bath deposition. Subsequently, PbS films were chemically converted to PbI2 and finally to mixed-cation mixed halide perovskite films. The microstructural, optical and solar cell performance of mixed cation mixed halide perovskite films were examined. Results show that controlling the morphology of PbI2 platelets achieved from PbS precursor films enabled efficient conversion to final perovskite films. Using this processing technique, smooth and pin hole-free perovskite films having columnar grains of about 800 nm and a bandgap of 1.55 eV were produced. The solar cell performance consisting of such perovskite layers gave rise to a notable power conversion efficiency of 11.35% under standard solar conditions. The proposed processing technique is very promising towards an environmentally friendly method for the production of large-scale high efficient perovskite solar cells.
Improving the robustness of MOLLI T1 maps with a dedicated motion correction algorithm
Authors: Delso Gaspar , Farré Laura , Ortiz-Pérez José T. , Prat Susanna , Doltra Adelina , Perea Rosario J. , Caralt Teresa M. , Lorenzatti Daniel , Vega Julián , Sotes Santi , Janich Martin A. , Sitges Marta 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMyocardial tissue T1 constitutes a reliable indicator of several heart diseases related to extracellular changes (e.g. edema, fibrosis) as well as fat, iron and amyloid content. Magnetic resonance (MR) T1-mapping is typically achieved by pixel-wise exponential fitting of a series of inversion or saturation recovery measurements. Good anatomical alignment between these measurements is essential for accurate T1 estimation. Motion correction is recommended to improve alignment. However, in the case of inversion recovery sequences, this correction is compromised by the intrinsic contrast variation between frames. A model-based, non-rigid motion correction method for MOLLI series was implemented and validated on a large database of cardiac clinical cases (n = 186). The method relies on a dedicated similarity metric that accounts for the intensity changes caused by T1 magnetization relaxation. The results were compared to uncorrected series and to the standard motion correction included in the scanner. To automate the quantitative analysis of results, a custom data alignment metric was defined. Qualitative evaluation was performed on a subset of cases to confirm the validity of the new metric. Motion correction caused noticeable (i.e. > 5%) performance degradation in 12% of cases with the standard method, compared to 0.3% with the new dedicated method. The average alignment quality was 85% ± 9% with the default correction and 90% ± 7% with the new method. The results of the qualitative evaluation were found to correlate with the quantitative metric. In conclusion, a dedicated motion correction method for T1 mapping MOLLI series has been evaluated on a large database of clinical cardiac MR cases, confirming its increased robustness with respect to the standard method implemented in the scanner.
Cigarette smoke extract and heated tobacco products promote ferritin cleavage and iron accumulation in human corneal epithelial cells
Authors: Otsu Wataru , Ishida Kodai , Chinen Naoki , Nakamura Shinsuke , Shimazawa Masamitsu , Tsusaki Hideshi , Hara Hideaki 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe cornea is directly exposed to cigarette smoke, and smoking is a risk factor for several corneal diseases including dry eye syndrome. Currently, heated tobacco products (HTPs) are widely used as substitutes for cigarette smoking around the world. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanism(s) leading to cellular injury induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) or HTPs. Exposure to CSE perturbed the formation of tight junctions, leading to an increase in cell volume, a decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) in the human corneal epithelial cell-transformed (HCE-T) cell line. Moreover, CSE exposure induced both lipid peroxidation and ferrous [Fe(II)] ion accumulation in autolysosomal compartments. Interestingly, a cleaved form of ferritin appeared when HCE-T cells were incubated with CSE. This aberrant ferritin processing was suppressed by treatment with autophagy inhibitors. Furthermore, the CSE-induced cell death was suppressed by either ferrostatin-1 or deferoxamine (DFO). CSE exposure also promoted the expression of cytokines whereas DFO treatment inhibited the CSE-induced expression of these cytokines. Exposure to HTPs also induced both HCE-T cell death and cleaved ferritin accumulation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. These results indicated that CSE or HTPs activated the ferroptosis signaling pathway, which contributed to corneal epithelial cell injury.
GenNet framework: interpretable deep learning for predicting phenotypes from genetic data
Authors: van Hilten Arno , Kushner Steven A. , Kayser Manfred , Ikram M. Arfan , Adams Hieab H. H. , Klaver Caroline C. W. , Niessen Wiro J. , Roshchupkin Gennady V. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractApplying deep learning in population genomics is challenging because of computational issues and lack of interpretable models. Here, we propose GenNet, a novel open-source deep learning framework for predicting phenotypes from genetic variants. In this framework, interpretable and memory-efficient neural network architectures are constructed by embedding biologically knowledge from public databases, resulting in neural networks that contain only biologically plausible connections. We applied the framework to seventeen phenotypes and found well-replicated genes such as HERC2 and OCA2 for hair and eye color, and novel genes such as ZNF773 and PCNT for schizophrenia. Additionally, the framework identified ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, endocrine system and viral infectious diseases as most predictive biological pathways for schizophrenia. GenNet is a freely available, end-to-end deep learning framework that allows researchers to develop and use interpretable neural networks to obtain novel insights into the genetic architecture of complex traits and diseases.
A glutamine sensor that directly activates TORC1
Authors: Tanigawa Mirai , Yamamoto Katsuyoshi , Nagatoishi Satoru , Nagata Koji , Noshiro Daisuke , Noda Nobuo N. , Tsumoto Kouhei , Maeda Tatsuya 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTOR complex 1 (TORC1) is an evolutionarily-conserved protein kinase that controls cell growth and metabolism in response to nutrients, particularly amino acids. In mammals, several amino acid sensors have been identified that converge on the multi-layered machinery regulating Rag GTPases to trigger TORC1 activation; however, these sensors are not conserved in many other organisms including yeast. Previously, we reported that glutamine activates yeast TORC1 via a Gtr (Rag ortholog)-independent mechanism involving the vacuolar protein Pib2, although the identity of the supposed glutamine sensor and the exact TORC1 activation mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we successfully reconstituted glutamine-responsive TORC1 activation in vitro using only purified Pib2 and TORC1. In addition, we found that glutamine specifically induced a change in the folding state of Pib2. These findings indicate that Pib2 is a glutamine sensor that directly activates TORC1, providing a new model for the metabolic control of cells.
The antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection persists over at least 8 months in symptomatic patients
Authors: Levi Riccardo , Ubaldi Leonardo , Pozzi Chiara , Angelotti Giovanni , Sandri Maria Teresa , Azzolini Elena , Salvatici Michela , Savevski Victor , Mantovani Alberto , Rescigno Maria 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Persistence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 viral infection may depend on several factors and may be related to the severity of disease or to the different symptoms.

Methods
We evaluated the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in personnel from 9 healthcare facilities and an international medical school and its association with individuals’ characteristics and COVID-19 symptoms in an observational cohort study. We enrolled 4735 subjects (corresponding to 80% of all personnel) for three time points over a period of 8–10 months. For each participant, we determined the rate of antibody increase or decrease over time in relation to 93 features analyzed in univariate and multivariate analyses through a machine learning approach.

Results
Here we show in individuals positive for IgG (≥12 AU/mL) at the beginning of the study an increase [p = 0.0002] in antibody response in paucisymptomatic or symptomatic subjects, particularly with loss of taste or smell (anosmia/dysgeusia: OR 2.75, 95% CI 1.753 – 4.301), in a multivariate logistic regression analysis in the first three months. The antibody response persists for at least 8–10 months.

Conclusions
SARS-CoV-2 infection induces a long lasting antibody response that increases in the first months, particularly in individuals with anosmia/dysgeusia. This may be linked to the lingering of SARS-CoV-2 in the olfactory bulb.
Autoimmune-mediated renal disease and hypertension
Authors: Boesen Erika I. , Kakalij Rahul M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and mortality. Troublingly, hypertension is highly prevalent in patients with autoimmune renal disease and hastens renal functional decline. Although progress has been made over the past two decades in understanding the inflammatory contributions to essential hypertension more broadly, the mechanisms active in autoimmune-mediated renal diseases remain grossly understudied. This Review provides an overview of the pathogenesis of each of the major autoimmune diseases affecting the kidney that are associated with hypertension, and describes the current state of knowledge regarding hypertension in these diseases and their management. Specifically, discussion focuses on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Lupus Nephritis (LN), Immunoglobulin A (IgA) Nephropathy, Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy (IMN), Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis, and Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP). A summary of disease-specific animal models found to exhibit hypertension is also included to highlight opportunities for much needed further investigation of underlying mechanisms and novel therapeutic approaches.
The Brazilian Phonoaudiology Association Responds to Challenges Brought by COVID-19
Authors: Fernandes Fernanda Dreux M. , Lopes Leonardo Wanderley , Behlau Mara 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
The pandemic created new and urgent challenges to professionals in the field of communication sciences and disorders known as Phonoaudiology in Brazil. The Brazilian Association of Phonoaudiology has the second-largest group of professionals in this field. This article presents actions and projects of the scientific association taken to support clinical and teaching practices in Brazil to face of the challenges posed by the pandemic. In addition, broad strategies were implemented to address the current and future challenges to speech therapists in Brazil.

Conclusions
The Brazilian Association of Phonoaudiology heard the demands of the phonoaudiologists and reacted quickly using all available resources to face the unprecedented challenges imposed by the pandemic. Immediate and future challenges included being present in the life of the average phonoaudiologist, as a scientific and professional robust network, and enlarging the number of members to represent all of Brazil, a country with geographic, racial, linguistic, and economic complex diversity.
From rock‐boring organisms to tunnel boring machines: A new rock breaking technology by bioinspiration
Authors: Zheng Jing , Wu Zhixin , Nie Jiahui , Lei Lei , Zhou Zhongrong , Li Jianbin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to achieve better understanding of associated mechanisms and to recommend and identify new strategies to develop new rock breaking technology for Tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs). Tunnel Boring Machine tunnelling mainly depends upon the rock breakage caused by cutters moving on a rock surface in a rolling and sliding motion while under the action of thrust force. The rock breaking behaviour is controlled by the mechanical interaction between the cutters and the rock. Due to the high hardness and high abrasiveness of rock, the cutters have to work under very high thrust force and suffer heavy‐load‐impact and abrasive wear, causing serious wear and low rock breaking efficiency. Rock‐boring organisms exist in nature, which achieve drilling and/or tunnelling in rocks through a tribochemical interaction. This phenomenon is called bioerosion and the organisms are natural ‘TBMs’ to some degree. In this study, the interaction between TBM cutters and rock is presented, and current measures to improve cutter wear and rock breaking efficiency and their limitations are reported. Then, the connotation, mechanism and typical cases of bioerosion are presented. Finally, inspired by bioerosion, a new chemically assisted rock breaking technology is proposed for TBMs.
Sag‐tension evaluation of high‐temperature gap‐type conductor in operation
Authors: Bedialauneta Miren T. , Fernandez Elvira , Albizu Igor , Mazon A. Javier 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLow‐sag conductors are characterised by their ability to operate above the “knee‐point temperature” (KPT). Sag‐tension performance must be calculated while designing a new overhead line. The ampacity limit of the conductor is influenced by the sag and the temperature of the conductor. The maximum sag must be limited to a certain value to ensure a safe clearance between the conductor and ground. In this study, a gap‐type conductor in operation was monitored to evaluate the actual KPT. The KPT in low‐sag conductors is a crucial factor since it affects the sag of the conductor, which must be limited for safety reasons. The KPT was detected based on the change in the coefficient of thermal expansion value of the conductor. To perform this detection, the conductor tension and temperature were monitored. This study proposes a procedure to estimate the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) value. The results showed a gradual displacement in CTE. This procedure was used to perform measurements in a pilot line.
Polarization loss analysis and ageing characterisation of transformer oil‐immersed insulation by using decoupled frequency domain spectroscopy
Authors: Fan Xianhao , Liu Jiefeng , Zhang Yiyi , Ding Zheshi , Wang Qingyin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe polarization information contained in the frequency‐domain spectroscopy (FDS) could be utilised for characterising the ageing degree of transformer oil‐immersed insulation. However, the polarization information will be obscured by its conductance effect, it is thus hard to analyse the polarization behaviour by using the traditional FDS technique. Given this issue, an alternative approach is proposed to analyse the polarization information using FDS decoupled by logarithmic‐derivative spectroscopy (LDS). Findings proved that the polarization loss information generated by polarization behaviour can be separated from the total dispersion loss. The proposed feature parameters are later used to analyse the polarization loss information under ageing impact. Also, the polarization loss surface is constructed by using these feature parameters to characterise the ageing degrees of oil‐immersed samples. Finally, the potential possibility of using the proposed method to analyse the polarization loss and ageing degree are respectively discussed.
A novel method for the detection of road intersections and traffic rules using big floating car data
Authors: Hu Rong , Xu Yong , Chen Hanlin , Zou Fumin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe information of road intersection and traffic rules plays an essential role in transportation system especially for people travelling to large, unfamiliar cites. Moreover, cities are growing fast and it is difficult to keep up with the changing frequency of road network information although road map is periodically updated to provide reliable information. In order to tackle this problem, an automatic method to detect road intersection and traffic rules using a floating car trajectory dataset is proposed. The turning trajectories using a newly proposed algorithm employing flexible spatial, temporal, and logical constraint rules were first extracted. Then a Two‐trajectory Intersect Angle‐based (TIA) method was proposed to locate the candidate points at road intersection. Finally the intersections (junctions) were detected using a cluster‐based technique. Furthermore, turning rules at road intersections were extracted automatically by clustering the angles both before and after making a turn. The effectiveness of our method was demonstrated using big floating car trajectory dataset collected in Fuzhou, China. Additional comparisons and analysis were also conducted to confirm identification results. Our findings showed that a total 333 at‐grade intersections were detected automatically with more than 94% in accuracy, and turning rules identification reached 85% in accuracy by manually comparing the results.
Liebe Leserinnen und Leser der Osteologie
Authors: Jakob Franz 
Published: September 2021

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser der Osteologie,Liebe Kolleginnen und Kollegen,Mit dem vorliegenden Sonderheft zum Thema Epigenetik möchten wir Sie
zeitgemäß informieren über die Zusammenhänge
epigenetischer Regulations-Mechanismen mit dem muskuloskelettalen System, hier
weitestgehend fokussiert auf die Knochenbiologie und einige Erkrankungen des
Knochens, besonders die Osteoporose. Im nachfolgenden zweiten Editorial werde ich
gemeinsam mit Herr Prof. Eric Hesse dazu einige einleitende Worte an Sie
richten.
Über die Bedeutung der semiotischen Diagnostik für
die homöopathische Mittelfindung am Beispiel der Behandlung der
Kopfschmerzen
Authors: Ahlbrecht Jens 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDer nachfolgende Beitrag liefert am Beispiel der Kopfschmerzen eine
Einführung in das semiotische Krankheitsverständnis der
zeichenbasierten Medizin des 19. Jahrhunderts und zeigt dessen
vielfältige Implikationen für das homöopathische
Fallverständnis und die Mittelfindung auf.