bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Soil Erosion on the Spatial Distribution of Soil Characteristics and Potentially Toxic Element Contents in a Sloping Vineyard in Tállya, Ne Hungary
Authors: Manaljav Samdandorj , Farsang Andrea , Barta Károly , Tobak Zalán , Juhász Szabolcs , Balling Péter , Babcsányi Izabella 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Soil erosion is a main problem in sloping vineyards, which can dramatically affect soil quality and fertility. The present study aimed to evaluate the spatial patterns of selected physico-chemical soil characteristics and the soil’s potentially toxic element (PTE) contents in the context of erosion. The study was conducted in a 0.4 ha vineyard plot on a steep slope in Tállya, part of the wine-growing region of Tokaj-Hegyalja (Hungary). A total of 20 topsoil samples (0-10 cm) were collected and analysed for PTEs (B, Co, Ba, Sr, Mn, Ni, Cr, Pb, Zn, and Cu), soil pH (deionized water and KCl solution), particle-size distribution, soil organic matter (SOM), (nitrate+nitrite)-N, P2O5, and carbonate content. Among the selected PTEs, only Cu (125±27 mg/kg) exceeds the Hungarian standards set for soils and sediments (75 mg/kg) due to the long-term use of Cu-based pesticides in the vineyard. Examined PTEs are negatively correlated with the sand content of the topsoil, except for Mn, while the significant positive relationship with the clay content shows the role of clay in retaining PTEs in soil. SOM seems to play a minor role in binding PTEs, as Cu is the only element for which a significant correlation with the SOM content can be detected. The spatial distribution maps prepared by inverse distance weighting (IDW) and lognormal kriging (LK) methods show higher PTE contents at the summit and the shoulder of the hillslope and lower contents at the backslope and the footslope zones. The low slope gradients (0-5 degree) and the high contents of the coarse fraction (> 35%) likely protect the soil at the summit and the hillslope’s shoulder from excessive erosion-induced losses. While the reraising PTE contents at the toeslope are likely due to the deposition of fine soil particles (silt and clay). The highest SOM contents at the summit and the toeslope areas, and increased contents of the coarse fraction at the backslope, confirm the effects of soil erosion on the spatial distribution patterns of main soil quality indicators. Overall, the LK outperformed the IDW method in predicting the soil parameters in unsampled areas.
Comparative study of forecasting approaches in monthly streamflow series from Brazilian hydroelectric plants using Extreme Learning Machines and Box & Jenkins models
Authors: Belotti Jonatas , Mendes José Jair , Leme Murilo , Trojan Flavio , Stevan Sergio L. , Siqueira Hugo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Several activities regarding water resources management are dependent on accurate monthly streamflow forecasting, such as flood control, reservoir operation, water supply planning, hydropower generation, energy matrix planning, among others. Most of the literature is focused on propose, compare, and evaluate the forecasting models. However, the decision on forecasting approaches plays a significant role in such models’ performance. In this paper, we are focused on investigating and confront the following forecasting approaches: i) use of a single model for the whole series (annual approach) versus using 12 models, each one responsible for predicting each month (monthly approach); ii) for multistep forecasting, the use of direct and recursive methods. The forecasting models addressed are the linear Autoregressive (AR) and Periodic Autoregressive (PAR) models, from the Box & Jenkins family, and the Extreme Learning Machines (ELM), an artificial neural network architecture. The computational analysis involves 20 time series associated with hydroelectric plants indicated that the monthly approach with the direct multistep method achieved the best overall performances, except for the cases in which the coefficient of variation is higher than two. In this case, the recursive approach stood out. Also, the ELM overcame the linear models in most cases.
Hydrobiochemical balance of total mercury in a forest catchment area at former cinnabar mining locality
Authors: Mačejná Ľudmila , Zacharová Andrea , Ollerová Hana , Škvareninová Jana , Škvarenina Jaroslav 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We studied the hydrobiochemical balance of total mercury (THg) in a forest ecosystem covering an area affected by mining activity in the past (14th – 18th cent.) in the Kremnické vrchy Mts. (central Slovakia). A reference plot was located in an undisturbed area very close to primeval forest of Badínsky prales natural reserve. We analysed THg in bulk precipitation, throughfall, litterfall, forest floor percolate, forest soil and assimilatory organs of tree species. Results pointed out to high wet mercury deposition at both plots (51 μg·m−2·yr−1 an area near a cinnabar mining (MP1) and 37 μg·m−2·yr−1, in a reference catchment area near the protected primary forest (MP2)) as well as high THg deposition by throughfall (74 μg·m−2·yr−1 and 51 μg·m−2·yr−1, respectively in MP1 and MP2). Litterfall does not represent the main THg flux into forest soil but together with throughfall doubles the THg input compared to open space deposition. Forest ecosystem has ability to capture atmospheric Hg and thus makes new sources of mercury inputs (throughfall and litterfall) into soil.
Future changes in extreme precipitation in central Serbia
Authors: Erić Ranka , Kadović Ratko , Đurđević Vladimir , Đukić Vesna 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the results of a study focused on the projected changes in extreme precipitation during the 21st century in Central Serbia. The changes are investigated on the basis of historical and modelled data sets of daily precipitation. The historical observation data were recorded at 18 synoptic weather stations in Central Serbia and modelled data were extracted from the regional climate model EBU-POM (Eta Belgrade University-Princeton Ocean Model) under the A1B scenario. The average number of days in a year with precipition ≥ 20, 30, 40 and 50 mm (R20, R30, R40 and R50), the share of daily precipitation above the 20, 30, 40 and 50 mm (P20, P30, P40, P50) in the total annual precipitation and the monthly distribution of these heavy daily precipitation are used as indices of changes in extreme precipitation. These indices, for the three periods 2011–2040, 2041–2070 and 2071–2100, are determined and compared with those obtained for the historical reference period 1961–1990. The results have shown that the main changes in extreme precipitation in Central Serbia will be in their spatial distribution, and the uncertainty of the occurrence of extreme events will decrease. In the future the increase will be more pronounced than the decrease of these indices. We strongly emphasize the benefit of this paper for both the prevention of natural disasters in the study area and for the improvement of the regional climate model.
The Project Management Triangle Assessment in Aeronautical Industries, Morocco: Focus on Eco-Logistics
Authors: Adlane Hamza , Seghiri Rajaa , Aouane Mahjoub , Berrid Nabyl , Chaouch Abdelaziz 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to study the management systems of quality, cost, and deadlines during the environment friendly transition process. Some 102 companies operating in the aeronautics industry in Morocco were surveyed during the period of May 2019 to December 2019. The results showed that about nearly 80% to 96% of the companies confirmed having effective systems for monitoring and improving quality, cost management, and respect for deadlines. But, unfortunately, below 80% of these companies are respecting the environment. The environment is considered as a constraint, and its respect is mainly related to the requirements of standards, certifications and laws Therefore, we find a great shortfall of these Moroccan companies when it comes to respect the environment. The analysis of the results reveals that some indicators imply the desire and predisposition of these companies to go beyond the classic concept of the logistics triptych quality/cost/time to a whole new concept: quality/cost/delay/environment.
The Manuscripts of the Middle English Lay Folks’ Mass Book in Context
Authors: Smith Jeremy J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper, part of a long-term programme of research into the forms and functions of the vernacular in late medieval liturgical practice in England, offers a “cultural map” of the Middle English poem known as The Lay Folks’ Mass Book (LFMB). Comparatively little research has been undertaken on LFMB since Simmons’s edition of 1879. However, new developments in the study of manuscript-reception in particular regions of the Middle English-speaking areas of Britain, combined with greater understanding of the cultural dynamics of “manuscript miscellanies” and of medieval liturgical practice, allow us to reconstruct with greater certainty the contexts within which LFMB was copied and used. LFMB survives in nine late medieval copies, but each copy presented a distinct version of the text. This article brings together linguistic, codicological, liturgical, and textual information, showing in detail how the poem was repurposed for a range of different cultural functions. In geographical terms, it seems clear that the work circulated in Derbyshire/Nottinghamshire, in Yorkshire, and in Norfolk, and can thus be related to other texts circulating in those areas. Some versions are likely to have emerged in parochial settings, possibly owned by local priests. There is also evidence that the text could be deployed in monastic contexts, while other versions probably formed part of the reading of pious gentry. What emerges from a study of the codices in which copies of LFMB were transmitted is that a range of shaping sensibilities for these manuscripts may be distinguished; the authorial role in texts such as LFMB was balanced with that of their copyists and audiences. In the manuscripts containing LFMB creativity was negotiated within textually-transmitted communities of practice.
The East Anglian Dialect of English in the World
Authors: Trudgill Peter 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the 17th century, the English region of East Anglia contained many of the major population centres of the British Isles, not least Norwich, England’s second city at that time. One might therefore predict that East Anglian dialects of English would have played a major role in determining the nature of the new colonial Englishes which were first beginning to emerge during this period. This paper considers some of the phonological and grammatical features of East Anglian English which can be argued to have been influential in this way.
The Grammaticalization of the Epistemic Adverb Perhaps in Late Middle and Early Modern English
Authors: Molencki Rafał 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Old and Early Middle English did not yet have modal sentential adverbs of low probability. Old Norse did not have such words, either. From the 13th century onwards first epistemic prepositional phrases of Anglo-Norman origin functioning as modal adverbials consisting of the preposition per/par and nouns such as adventure, case, chance were borrowed into Middle English. In the late 15th century an analogous hybrid form per-hap(s), the combination of the Old French preposition per/par ‘by, through’ and the Old Norse noun hap(p) ‘chance’, both singular and plural, was coined according to the same pattern and was gradually grammaticalized as a univerbated modal sentence adverb in Early Modern English. The Norse root happ- was the source of some other new (Late) Middle English words which had no cognate equivalents in the source language: the adjective happy with its derivatives happily, happiness, etc. and the verb happen.
Together with another new Late Middle English formation may-be, a calque of French peutêtre, perhaps superseded the competing forms mayhap, (modal) happily, percase, peradventure, perchance, prepositional phrases with the noun hap and, finally, per-hap itself in Early Modern English after two centuries of lexical layering or multiple synonymy. The history of perhaps is a clear example of grammaticalization, whereby a prepositional phrase became a modal adverb now also used as a discourse marker. We find here all the typical features of the process: phonetic attrition, decategorization, univerbation, and obligatorification.
Macroeconomic Impact of Pension System Upon Private Pension Funds Scheme. Empirical Evidence from Central and Eastern European Countries
Authors: Dumiter Florin Cornel , Jimon Ștefania Amalia , Balteș Nicolae 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The significance of retirement savings and private pension funds increased in the latest decades and gathered important amounts of capitals. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the macroeconomic effects of pension systems from an investment perspective in five Central and Eastern European countries. The analyzing process regarding several underlying macroeconomic effects of pension systems started from the premises that there is a strong connection between the structure of pension systems, the national economy and the development of the financial sector. The econometric tests were processed and applied by using pool data regression models and the method Pooled Instrumental Variables (IV) - Two-stage Least Squares (2SLS). The main conclusion highlights that the interest rate at deposits is correlated with the amount of incomes earned by population, inflation rate, severe material deprivation rate and the investment strategy of private pension funds.
Employment and Happiness of the Older People in Romania and the Visegrád Countries: Analysis of the European Quality of Life Surveys
Authors: Berde Éva , Tőkés László 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We used the last three waves of the European Quality of Life Surveys to analyze the happiness of older workers in Romania and the Visegrád countries. Applying ordinary least squares and ordered logit models we showed that being employed makes people happier ceteris paribus than being unemployed. This effect is the same for younger and older persons in the V4 countries, but there is an extra positive effect for older workers in Romania.
Strict/Tolerant Logics Built Using Generalized Weak Kleene Logics
Authors: Fitting Melvin 
Published: May 2021

This paper continues my work of [9], which showed there was a broad family of many valued logics that have a strict/tolerant counterpart. Here we consider a generalization of weak Kleene three valued logic, instead of the strong version that was background for that earlier work. We explain the intuition behind that generalization, then determine a subclass of strict/tolerant structures in which a generalization of weak Kleene logic produces the same results that the strong Kleene generalization did. This paper provides much background, but is not self-contained. Some results from [9] are called on, and are not reproved here.

[9] Melvin C. Fitting. “A Family of Strict/Tolerant Logics”. In: Journal of Philosophical Logic (2020). Online. Print publication forthcoming.
Pitfalls of rubella serology while on the brink of elimination: evaluation of national data, Belgium, 2017
Authors: Colman Sofie , Vernelen Kris , China Bernard , Van den Bossche Dorien , Cornelissen Laura , Delforge Marie-Luce , Reynders Marijke , Berth Mario , Depypere Melissa , Van Gasse Natasja , Vijgen Sara , Van Acker Jos , Boel An , Padalko Elizaveta 
Published: May 2021

Background
In Belgium, rubella serology is frequently requested in women of childbearing age, despite high vaccination coverage and a near-absence of congenital rubella cases. Different test kits are available and should be standardised by an international standard preparation.

Aim
To analyse and compare rubella serology practices in Belgian laboratories.

Methods
As part of the mandatory External Quality Assessment programme for rubella serology in Belgium, the national public health institute, Sciensano, sent a voluntary questionnaire concerning anti-rubella IgM/IgG analyses in women aged 15 to 45 years in 2017 to 130 laboratories.

Results
The questionnaire response rate was 83.8% (109/130). The majority of 169,494 IgG analyses were performed on Roche (55%), Abbott (17%) and Diasorin (13%) analysers. Not all laboratories used the proposed international cut-off of 10 IU/mL. Assumed median seroprevalence ranged from 76.3% with Liaison (Diasorin) to 96.3% with Modular (Roche). Despite very low rubella incidence in Belgium, 93 laboratories performed 85,957 IgM analyses, with 748 positive and 394 grey zone results. The National Reference Centre for Measles, Mumps and Rubella virus and the National Reference Centre for Congenital infections did not confirm any positive rubella cases in 2017.

Conclusion
This retrospective analysis shows that rubella serology results may differ considerably according to the assay used. It is therefore important to use the same test when comparing results or performing follow-up testing. The number of anti-rubella IgM analyses was very high. Incorrect use of IgM for screening women of childbearing age can lead to unwarranted anxiety and overuse of confirmation tests.
enfoque de la educación virtual desde una perspectiva holístico frente a la pandemia del COVID – 19
Authors: Inga-Lindo Dina , Aguirre-Chávez Felipe 
Published: May 2021

A raíz de la pandemia COVID-19, que viene aquejando a la humanidad, se determinó en diversos países que las clases se desarrollen vía online, con el propósito de no perder el año académico, ni la masiva deserción de los estudiantes universitarios. El estudio emerge de la experiencia empírica y la revisión de variados documentos científicos que enfocan sus estudios desde una visión panorámica de las personas, con el fin de determinar en qué medida el enfoque de la educación virtual cumple con impartir un aprendizaje holístico en estudiantes universitarios. Los resultados fueron analizados estadísticamente indicando la confiabilidad del instrumento aplicado a cinco dimensiones con sus respectivos ítems, en un rango elevado de 0.933, las pruebas resultaron satisfactorias. En cuanto al análisis descriptivo de las dimensiones resalta la categoría “casi siempre” con 67%, aplicado al proceso de la enseñanza - aprendizaje virtual. Se concluye que la educación virtual que se imparte posee una visión holístico por los efectos positivos de satisfacción encontrados en los estudiantes universitarios. Cabe resaltar que es necesario utilizar las herramientas digitales de manera inteligente, multidimensional, flexible, con disciplina y que impulse el aprendizaje activo, tomando como base el sistema asincrónico y sincrónico.
Pandemia y crisis económica
Authors: Veintimilla Diana 
Published: May 2021

En el presente artículo se hace un análisis económico de las principales variables que han determinado la situación actual de país recopilando una serie histórica de datos que da cuenta y evidencia una crisis con impactos sociales graves.
Pone de manifiesto el manejo del gasto público, el déficit fiscal sostenido y la alta dependencia del país frente a los organismos internacionales para, mediante deuda pública, sostener la economía y atender la emergencia sanitaria. Hace una relación de las principales medidas de política económica implementadas desde el inicio de la pandemia cuyo resultado ha sido la modificación sustancial de las leyes y códigos relacionados con lo laboral, fiscal y tributario; medidas que han profundizado las asimetrías sociales y cuyo resultado más evidente ha sido el incremento del desempleo y el trabajo inadecuado.
Señala los resultados de la aplicación de las medidas en diferentes actores sociales como los hogares, el sistema financiero y las empresas, y la afectación en términos de impacto para cada uno de ellos, positiva o negativamente.
Wave Dynamics Investigation in Scope of Coastal Processes
Authors: Yilmaz Levent 
Published: May 2021

In this research it is given the Classifying Coasts, Primary Coasts and Land Erosion Coasts, Coasts Built Out by Land Processes, Coast, Coasts Shaped by Earth Movements, Secondary Coasts,Some Features of Secondary Coasts, Shore Straightening, The Accumulation of Beaches, Beaches, The Composition and Slope of Beaches, Beach Shape,Minor Beach Features, Coastal Cells, Large-Scale Features of Secondary Coasts, Sand Spits and Bay Mouth Bars, Barrier Islands and Sea Islands, Coasts Formed by Biological Activity, Estuaries, Classification of Estuaries, Characteristics of Estuaries, The Value of Estuaries, Lagoons and Wetlands with useful data.
Tadpole Shrimps – A General Review of the Little Known Crustaceans of Ephemeral Waterbodies
Authors: Rogacki Michał , Brysiewicz Adam 
Published: May 2021

In time of global climate changes, astatic inland water reservoirs that contribute to water retention and alleviation of adverse effects of periodic river floods, are getting more and more important. Small, periodically drying off water reservoirs are also rich hubs of biodiversity. Animals especially connected to such ecosystems are primitive but unique crustaceans called tadpole shrimps (order Notostraca). Those animals seem to have universal significance – both ecological and economic. Though their primitive morphology and small size, they can radically affect the nature of their habitats, sometimes even helping us fight with noxious pests. Unfortunately, due to progressing global warming, intensification in agriculture, and urbanisation, habitats of notostracans are disappearing rapidly. Simultaneously, because of their rare occurences and taxonomic difficulties, tadpole shrimps have been insufficiently studied. However, protection of these crustaceans is inseparably connected with conservation of once numerous, periodically drying reservoirs as tadpole shrimps are referred as keystone species of such habitats. Thus, the aim of this review article is to sum up and disseminate current state of knowledge about Notostraca by a general overview of available international literature. This might help to engage more scientists into research and conservation of these little known, yet interesting crustaceans and their unique habitats.
Research and development of hydrogen energy systems at the National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute»
Authors: Fateev V. N. , Porembsky V. N. , Grigoriev S. A. , Baranov I. E. , Ostrovsky S. V. , Korobtsev S. V. , Denisenko V. P. , Nikolaev I. I. , Kirillov I. A. , Demkin S. A. , Smirnov R. V. 
Published: May 2021

This publication provides a brief overview of the materials of developments in promising areas of hydrogen energy and hydrogen technologies carried out by scientists and specialists at the National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", in particular: - plasma, plasma-chemical, beam technologies, hydrogen energy technologies to ensure environmental safety and environmental protection, including:methods and technologies based on plasma-chemical processes for the processing and synthesis of organic compounds, modeling of plasma and plasma-chemical processes;development of plasma-melt technologies for gasification of solid organic raw materials, • development of a plasmatron complex for waste processing;elements of hydrogen (atomic-hydrogen) energy, including plasma ones, which ensure an increase in energy efficiency and environmental safety in energy (including renewable energy) in transport; • plasma catalytic systems for the conversion of organic fuels;fuel cells and electrolytic cells with solid polymer electrolyte; • membrane and membrane catalytic systems for hydrogen production and purification;nanostructured electrocatalysts;ensuring hydrogen safety.The Kurchatov Institute is the founder and undisputed leader and coordinator of research and development in our country in a number of key areas of hydrogen energy.