bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding complex functional wiring patterns in major depressive disorder through brain functional connectome
Authors: Yang Zhiyun , Jian Lingyu , Qiu Hui , Zhang Chaoqing , Cheng Song , Ji Junjun , Li Ting , Wang Yu , Li Junfeng , Li Kefeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBrain function relies on efficient communications between distinct brain systems. The pathology of major depressive disorder (MDD) damages functional brain networks, resulting in cognitive impairment. Here, we reviewed the associations between brain functional connectome changes and MDD pathogenesis. We also highlighted the utility of brain functional connectome for differentiating MDD from other similar psychiatric disorders, predicting recurrence and suicide attempts in MDD, and evaluating treatment responses. Converging evidence has now linked aberrant brain functional network organization in MDD to the dysregulation of neurotransmitter signaling and neuroplasticity, providing insights into the neurobiological mechanisms of the disease and antidepressant efficacy. Widespread connectome dysfunctions in MDD patients include multiple, large-scale brain networks as well as local disturbances in brain circuits associated with negative and positive valence systems and cognitive functions. Although the clinical utility of the brain functional connectome remains to be realized, recent findings provide further promise that research in this area may lead to improved diagnosis, treatments, and clinical outcomes of MDD.
p53 isoforms differentially impact on the POLι dependent DNA damage tolerance pathway
Authors: Guo Yitian , Rall-Scharpf Melanie , Bourdon Jean-Christophe , Wiesmüller Lisa , Biber Stephanie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe recently discovered p53-dependent DNA damage tolerance (DDT) pathway relies on its biochemical activities in DNA-binding, oligomerization, as well as complex formation with the translesion synthesis (TLS) polymerase iota (POLι). These p53-POLι complexes slow down nascent DNA synthesis for safe, homology-directed bypass of DNA replication barriers. In this study, we demonstrate that the alternative p53-isoforms p53β, p53γ, Δ40p53α, Δ133p53α, and Δ160p53α differentially affect this p53-POLι-dependent DDT pathway originally described for canonical p53α. We show that the C-terminal isoforms p53β and p53γ, comprising a truncated oligomerization domain (OD), bind PCNA. Conversely, N-terminally truncated isoforms have a reduced capacity to engage in this interaction. Regardless of the specific loss of biochemical activities required for this DDT pathway, all alternative isoforms were impaired in promoting POLι recruitment to PCNA in the chromatin and in decelerating DNA replication under conditions of enforced replication stress after Mitomycin C (MMC) treatment. Consistent with this, all alternative p53-isoforms no longer stimulated recombination, i.e., bypass of endogenous replication barriers. Different from the other isoforms, Δ133p53α and Δ160p53α caused a severe DNA replication problem, namely fork stalling even in untreated cells. Co-expression of each alternative p53-isoform together with p53α exacerbated the DDT pathway defects, unveiling impaired POLι recruitment and replication deceleration already under unperturbed conditions. Such an inhibitory effect on p53α was particularly pronounced in cells co-expressing Δ133p53α or Δ160p53α. Notably, this effect became evident after the expression of the isoforms in tumor cells, as well as after the knockdown of endogenous isoforms in human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. In summary, mimicking the situation found to be associated with many cancer types and stem cells, i.e., co-expression of alternative p53-isoforms with p53α, carved out interference with p53α functions in the p53-POLι-dependent DDT pathway.
Advancements in cathode catalyst and cathode layer design for proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Sun Yanyan , Polani Shlomi , Luo Fang , Ott Sebastian , Strasser Peter , Dionigi Fabio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractProton exchange membrane fuel cells have been recently developed at an increasing pace as clean energy conversion devices for stationary and transport sector applications. High platinum cathode loadings contribute significantly to costs. This is why improved catalyst and support materials as well as catalyst layer design are critically needed. Recent advances in nanotechnologies and material sciences have led to the discoveries of several highly promising families of materials. These include platinum-based alloys with shape-selected nanostructures, platinum-group-metal-free catalysts such as metal-nitrogen-doped carbon materials and modification of the carbon support to control surface properties and ionomer/catalyst interactions. Furthermore, the development of advanced characterization techniques allows a deeper understanding of the catalyst evolution under different conditions. This review focuses on all these recent developments and it closes with a discussion of future research directions in the field.
Coupled protein synthesis and ribosome-guided piRNA processing on mRNAs
Authors: Sun Yu H. , Wang Ruoqiao Huiyi , Du Khai , Zhu Jiang , Zheng Jihong , Xie Li Huitong , Pereira Amanda A. , Zhang Chao , Ricci Emiliano P. , Li Xin Zhiguo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPIWI-interacting small RNAs (piRNAs) protect the germline genome and are essential for fertility. piRNAs originate from transposable element (TE) RNAs, long non-coding RNAs, or 3´ untranslated regions (3´UTRs) of protein-coding messenger genes, with the last being the least characterized of the three piRNA classes. Here, we demonstrate that the precursors of 3´UTR piRNAs are full-length mRNAs and that post-termination 80S ribosomes guide piRNA production on 3´UTRs in mice and chickens. At the pachytene stage, when other co-translational RNA surveillance pathways are sequestered, piRNA biogenesis degrades mRNAs right after pioneer rounds of translation and fine-tunes protein production from mRNAs. Although 3´UTR piRNA precursor mRNAs code for distinct proteins in mice and chickens, they all harbor embedded TEs and produce piRNAs that cleave TEs. Altogether, we discover a function of the piRNA pathway in fine-tuning protein production and reveal a conserved piRNA biogenesis mechanism that recognizes translating RNAs in amniotes.
Therapeutic melanoma inhibition by local micelle-mediated cyclic nucleotide repression
Authors: Johann Kerstin , Bohn Toszka , Shahneh Fatemeh , Luther Natascha , Birke Alexander , Jaurich Henriette , Helm Mark , Klein Matthias , Raker Verena K. , Bopp Tobias , Barz Matthias , Becker Christian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe acidic tumor microenvironment in melanoma drives immune evasion by up-regulating cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in tumor-infiltrating monocytes. Here we show that the release of non-toxic concentrations of an adenylate cyclase (AC) inhibitor from poly(sarcosine)-block-poly(L-glutamic acid γ-benzyl ester) (polypept(o)id) copolymer micelles restores antitumor immunity. In combination with selective, non-therapeutic regulatory T cell depletion, AC inhibitor micelles achieve a complete remission of established B16-F10-OVA tumors. Single-cell sequencing of melanoma-infiltrating immune cells shows that AC inhibitor micelles reduce the number of anti-inflammatory myeloid cells and checkpoint receptor expression on T cells. AC inhibitor micelles thus represent an immunotherapeutic measure to counteract melanoma immune escape.
Shear relaxation governs fusion dynamics of biomolecular condensates
Authors: Ghosh Archishman , Kota Divya , Zhou Huan-Xiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPhase-separated biomolecular condensates must respond agilely to biochemical and environmental cues in performing their wide-ranging cellular functions, but our understanding of condensate dynamics is lagging. Ample evidence now indicates biomolecular condensates as viscoelastic fluids, where shear stress relaxes at a finite rate, not instantaneously as in viscous liquids. Yet the fusion dynamics of condensate droplets has only been modeled based on viscous liquids, with fusion time given by the viscocapillary ratio (viscosity over interfacial tension). Here we used optically trapped polystyrene beads to measure the viscous and elastic moduli and the interfacial tensions of four types of droplets. Our results challenge the viscocapillary model, and reveal that the relaxation of shear stress governs fusion dynamics. These findings likely have implications for other dynamic processes such as multiphase organization, assembly and disassembly, and aging.
A self-healing catalyst for electrocatalytic and photoelectrochemical oxygen evolution in highly alkaline conditions
Authors: Feng Chao , Wang Faze , Liu Zhi , Nakabayashi Mamiko , Xiao Yequan , Zeng Qiugui , Fu Jie , Wu Qianbao , Cui Chunhua , Han Yifan , Shibata Naoya , Domen Kazunari , Sharp Ian D. , Li Yanbo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhile self-healing is considered a promising strategy to achieve long-term stability for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts, this strategy remains a challenge for OER catalysts working in highly alkaline conditions. The self-healing of the OER-active nickel iron layered double hydroxides (NiFe-LDH) has not been successful due to irreversible leaching of Fe catalytic centers. Here, we investigate the introduction of cobalt (Co) into the NiFe-LDH as a promoter for in situ Fe redeposition. An active borate-intercalated NiCoFe-LDH catalyst is synthesized using electrodeposition and shows no degradation after OER tests at 10 mA cm−2 at pH 14 for 1000 h, demonstrating its self-healing ability under harsh OER conditions. Importantly, the presence of both ferrous ions and borate ions in the electrolyte is found to be crucial to the catalyst’s self-healing. Furthermore, the implementation of this catalyst in photoelectrochemical devices is demonstrated with an integrated silicon photoanode. The self-healing mechanism leads to a self-limiting catalyst thickness, which is ideal for integration with photoelectrodes since redeposition is not accompanied by increased parasitic light absorption.
RNA-seq of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 2 patients
Authors: Huang Yen-Hua , Su Tzu-Chien , Wang Chung-Hsing , Wong Siew-Lee , Chien Yin-Hsiu , Wang Yu-Tai , Hwu Wuh-Liang , Lee Ni-Chung 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIllumina RNA-seq analysis was used to characterize the whole transcriptomes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy. RNA-seq information for seven patients with type 2 congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL2; Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy, BSCL2) was obtained and compared with similar information for seven age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. All seven CGL2 patients carried biallelic pathogenic mutations affecting the BSCL2 gene and had clinical symptoms of varying severity. The findings provide the whole-transcriptome signatures of PBMCs of CGL2 patients, allowing further exploration of gene expression patterns/signatures associated with the various clinical symptoms of patients with this disease.
Chagas disease and SARS-CoV-2 coinfection does not lead to worse in-hospital outcomes
Authors: Molina Israel , Marcolino Milena Soriano , Pires Magda Carvalho , Ramos Lucas Emanuel Ferreira , Silva Rafael Tavares , Guimarães-Júnior Milton Henriques , de Oliveira Isaias José Ramos , de Carvalho Rafael Lima Rodrigues , Nunes Aline Gabrielle Sousa , de Barros Ana Lara Rodrigues Monteiro , Scotton Ana Luiza Bahia Alves , Madureira Angélica Aparecida Coelho , Farace Bárbara Lopes , de Carvalho Cíntia Alcantara , Rodrigues Fernanda d’Athayde , Anschau Fernando , Botoni Fernando Antonio , Nascimento Guilherme Fagundes , Duani Helena , Guimarães Henrique Cerqueira , de Alvarenga Joice Coutinho , Moreira Leila Beltrami , Zandoná Liege Barella , de Almeida Luana Fonseca , Oliveira Luana Martins , Kopittke Luciane , de Castro Luís César , Santos Luisa Elem Almeida , de Souza Cabral Máderson Alvares , Ferreira Maria Angélica Pires , da Cunha Severino Sampaio Natália , de Oliveira Neimy Ramos , Assaf Pedro Ledic , Lopes Sofia Jarjour Tavares Starling , Fereguetti Tatiani Oliveira , dos Santos Veridiana Baldon , de Carvalho Victor Eliel Bastos , Ramires Yuri Carlotto , Ribeiro Antonio Luiz Pinho , Moscoso Freddy Antonio Brito , Moura Rogério , Polanczyk Carísi Anne , do Carmo Pereira Nunes Maria 
Published: October 2021

AbstractChagas disease (CD) continues to be a major public health burden in Latina America. Information on the interplay between COVID-19 and CD is lacking. Our aim was to assess clinical characteristics and in-hospital outcomes of patients with CD and COVID-19, and to compare it to non-CD patients. Consecutive patients with confirmed COVID-19 were included from March to September 2020. Genetic matching for sex, age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hospital was performed in a 4:1 ratio. Of the 7018 patients who had confirmed COVID-19, 31 patients with CD and 124 matched controls were included (median age 72 (64–80) years-old, 44.5% were male). At baseline, heart failure (25.8% vs. 9.7%) and atrial fibrillation (29.0% vs. 5.6%) were more frequent in CD patients than in the controls (p < 0.05). C-reactive protein levels were lower in CD patients compared with the controls (55.5 [35.7, 85.0] vs. 94.3 [50.7, 167.5] mg/dL). In-hospital management, outcomes and complications were similar between the groups. In this large Brazilian COVID-19 Registry, CD patients had a higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation and chronic heart failure compared with non-CD controls, with no differences in-hospital outcomes. The lower C-reactive protein levels in CD patients require further investigation.
Validation of algorithms for selecting rheumatoid arthritis patients in the Tuscan healthcare administrative databases
Authors: Convertino Irma , Cazzato Massimiliano , Giometto Sabrina , Gini Rosa , Valdiserra Giulia , Cappello Emiliano , Ferraro Sara , Tillati Silvia , Bartolini Claudia , Paoletti Olga , Lorenzoni Valentina , Trieste Leopoldo , Filippi Matteo , Turchetti Giuseppe , Cristofano Michele , Blandizzi Corrado , Mosca Marta , Lucenteforte Ersilia , Tuccori Marco 
Published: October 2021

AbstractValidation of algorithms for selecting patients from healthcare administrative databases (HAD) is recommended. This PATHFINDER study section is aimed at testing algorithms to select rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients from Tuscan HAD (THAD) and assessing RA diagnosis time interval between the medical chart date and that of THAD. A population was extracted from THAD. The information of the medical charts at the Rheumatology Unit of Pisa University Hospital represented the reference. We included first ever users of biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) between 2014 and 2016 (index date) with at least a specialist visit at the Rheumatology Unit of the Pisa University Hospital recorded from 2013 to the index date. Out of these, we tested four index tests (algorithms): (1) RA according to hospital discharge records or emergency department admissions (ICD-9 code, 714*); (2) RA according to exemption code from co-payment (006); (3) RA according to hospital discharge records or emergency department admissions AND RA according to exemption code from co-payment; (4) RA according to hospital discharge records or emergency department admissions OR RA according to exemption code from co-payment. We estimated sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predicted values (PPV and NPV) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and the RA diagnosis median time interval (interquartile range, IQR). Two sensitivity analyses were performed. Among 277 reference patients, 103 had RA. The fourth algorithm identified 96 true RA patients, PPV 0.78 (95% CI 0.70–0.85), sensitivity 0.93 (95% CI 0.86–0.97), specificity 0.84 (95% CI 0.78–0.90), and NPV 0.95 (95% CI 0.91–0.98). The sensitivity analyses confirmed performance. The time measured between the actual RA diagnosis date recorded in medical charts and that assumed in THAD was 2.2 years (IQR 0.5–8.4). In conclusion, this validation showed the fourth algorithm as the best. The time interval elapsed between the actual RA diagnosis date in medical charts and that extrapolated from THAD has to be considered in the design of future studies.
Modulation of neural activity in frontopolar cortex drives reward-based motor learning
Authors: Herrojo Ruiz M. , Maudrich T. , Kalloch B. , Sammler D. , Kenville R. , Villringer A. , Sehm B. , Nikulin V. V. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe frontopolar cortex (FPC) contributes to tracking the reward of alternative choices during decision making, as well as their reliability. Whether this FPC function extends to reward gradients associated with continuous movements during motor learning remains unknown. We used anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the right FPC to investigate its role in reward-based motor learning. Nineteen healthy human participants practiced novel sequences of finger movements on a digital piano with corresponding auditory feedback. Their aim was to use trialwise reward feedback to discover a hidden performance goal along a continuous dimension: timing. We additionally modulated the contralateral motor cortex (left M1) activity, and included a control sham stimulation. Right FPC-tDCS led to faster learning compared to lM1-tDCS and sham through regulation of motor variability. Bayesian computational modelling revealed that in all stimulation protocols, an increase in the trialwise expectation of reward was followed by greater exploitation, as shown previously. Yet, this association was weaker in lM1-tDCS suggesting a less efficient learning strategy. The effects of frontopolar stimulation were dissociated from those induced by lM1-tDCS and sham, as motor exploration was more sensitive to inferred changes in the reward tendency (volatility). The findings suggest that rFPC-tDCS increases the sensitivity of motor exploration to updates in reward volatility, accelerating reward-based motor learning.
Convergent cross sorting for estimating dynamic coupling
Authors: Breston Leo , Leonardis Eric J. , Quinn Laleh K. , Tolston Michael , Wiles Janet , Chiba Andrea A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNatural systems exhibit diverse behavior generated by complex interactions between their constituent parts. To characterize these interactions, we introduce Convergent Cross Sorting (CCS), a novel algorithm based on convergent cross mapping (CCM) for estimating dynamic coupling from time series data. CCS extends CCM by using the relative ranking of distances within state-space reconstructions to improve the prior methods’ performance at identifying the existence, relative strength, and directionality of coupling across a wide range of signal and noise characteristics. In particular, relative to CCM, CCS has a large performance advantage when analyzing very short time series data and data from continuous dynamical systems with synchronous behavior. This advantage allows CCS to better uncover the temporal and directional relationships within systems that undergo frequent and short-lived switches in dynamics, such as neural systems. In this paper, we validate CCS on simulated data and demonstrate its applicability to electrophysiological recordings from interacting brain regions.
Study on the technology of enhancing permeability by deep hole presplitting blasting in Sanyuan coal mine
Authors: Zhao Dan , Wang Mingyu , Gao Xinhao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo reduce gas disasters in low permeability and high gas coal seams and improve gas predrainage efficiency, conventional deep hole presplitting blasting permeability increasing technology was refined and perfected. The damage degree of coal and rock blasting was quantitatively evaluated by using the value range of the damage variable D. According to the actual field test parameters of coal seam #3 in the Sanyuan coal mine, Dlim = 0.81 ~ 1.0 was the coal rock crushing area, Dlim = 0.19 ~ 0.81 was the coal rock crack area, and Dlim = 0 ~ 0.19 was the coal rock disturbance area. The blasting models under different blasting parameters were established by ANSYS/LS-DYNA software. The influence radius of single-hole blasting was 3.1 m, the hole diameter of double-hole blasting was 113 mm, the hole spacing was 5.5 m, and the delayed blasting time was 25 ms. According to the numerical simulation results, the determined parameters were tested on the working face of the 1312 transportation roadway in coal seam #3 of the Sanyuan coal mine. The results show that after blasting, the permeability of the original coal seam was increased by more than 30 times, the gas concentration was increased by 2.16 times, and the single hole purity and mixing volume were increased by 4.73 and 4.27 times, respectively. The positive effects of deep hole presplitting blasting permeability enhancement technology on the pressure relief and permeability enhancement of a low pressure and high gas coal seam were determined.
The expression, localisation and interactome of pigeon CRY2
Authors: Balay Spencer D. , Hochstoeger Tobias , Vilceanu Alexandra , Malkemper E. Pascal , Snider William , Dürnberger Gerhard , Mechtler Karl , Schuechner Stefan , Ogris Egon , Nordmann Gregory C. , Ushakova Lyubov , Nimpf Simon , Keays David A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCryptochromes (CRY) are highly conserved signalling molecules that regulate circadian rhythms and are candidate radical pair based magnetoreceptors. Birds have at least four cryptochromes (CRY1a, CRY1b, CRY2, and CRY4), but few studies have interrogated their function. Here we investigate the expression, localisation and interactome of clCRY2 in the pigeon retina. We report that clCRY2 has two distinct transcript variants,clCRY2a, and a previously unreported splice isoform,clCRY2bwhich is larger in size. We show thatclCRY2amRNA is expressed in all retinal layers andclCRY2bis enriched in the inner and outer nuclear layer. To define the localisation and interaction network of clCRY2 we generated and validated a monoclonal antibody that detects both clCRY2 isoforms. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that clCRY2a/b is present in all retinal layers and is enriched in the outer limiting membrane and outer plexiform layer. Proteomic analysis showed clCRY2a/b interacts with typical circadian molecules (PER2, CLOCK, ARTNL), cell junction proteins (CTNNA1, CTNNA2) and components associated with the microtubule motor dynein (DYNC1LI2, DCTN1, DCTN2, DCTN3) within the retina. Collectively these data show that clCRY2 is a component of the avian circadian clock and unexpectedly associates with the microtubule cytoskeleton.
Advice on comparing two independent samples of circular data in biology
Authors: Landler Lukas , Ruxton Graeme D. , Malkemper E. Pascal 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMany biological variables are recorded on a circular scale and therefore need different statistical treatment. A common question that is asked of such circular data involves comparison between two groups: Are the populations from which the two samples are drawn differently distributed around the circle? We compared 18 tests for such situations (by simulation) in terms of both abilities to control Type-I error rate near the nominal value, and statistical power. We found that only eight tests offered good control of Type-I error in all our simulated situations. Of these eight, we were able to identify the Watson’s U2 test and a MANOVA approach, based on trigonometric functions of the data, as offering the best power in the overwhelming majority of our test circumstances. There was often little to choose between these tests in terms of power, and no situation where either of the remaining six tests offered substantially better power than either of these. Hence, we recommend the routine use of either Watson’s U2 test or MANOVA approach when comparing two samples of circular data.