bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Higher Rates of Breastfeeding Among Civilian Military Wives: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Ringo Nicole , Gephart Sheila M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: As compared to the United States general postpartum population, civilian military wives encounter unique challenges that can impede their ability to breastfeed, including geographic replacement and physical and emotional challenges. Yet despite these challenges, civilian military wives demonstrate higher rates of breastfeeding initiation and duration in the United States postpartum population as a whole. The purpose of this study was to explore factors contributing to the high rate of breastfeeding initiation and duration among civilian military wives and to determine what might be learned from these factors for intervention design for the broader population of postpartum mothers. Methods: The sample consisted of 28 civilian military wives whose ages ranged from 18-45. The study was conducted online using a concurrent mixed-methods design. Results: Seven main themes with 16 subthemes emerged from the descriptions of the semi-structured interviews. The results of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form score was 55.2 (SD = 5.73). The results of the integrative analysis revealed that factors within the military environment influence a sense of community, thus supporting their breastfeeding self-efficacy (BSE). Additionally, supportive and pro-breastfeeding healthcare facilitators (especially lactation consultants) throughout the prenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum periods described by civilian military wives were associated with high levels of breastfeeding self-efficacy among civilian military wives. Moreover, high levels of breastfeeding self-efficacy related to breastfeeding skills and duration were associated with the accessibility of resources within the military environment, breastfeeding health and economic benefits, and setting of a breastfeeding goal. Conclusions: Using a concurrent mixed-methods design, this study identified facilitators from the descriptions of civilian military wives that they believed promote their higher rates of breastfeeding initiation and continuation, quantified their high level of breastfeeding self-efficacy, and identified descriptive factors that contributed to both areas lacking in the literature among this population.
Albino seedling lethality 4 ; chloroplast 30S ribosomal protein S1 required for chloroplast ribosome biogenesis and early chloroplast development in rice
Authors: Zhou Kunneng , Zhang Caijuan , Xia Jiafa , Yun Peng , Wang Yuanlei , Ma Tingchen , Li Zefu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background : Ribosomes responsible for transcription and translation of plastid-encoded proteins in chloroplasts are essential for chloroplast development and plant growth. Although most ribosomal proteins in plastids have been identified, the molecular mechanisms regulating chloroplast biogenesis remain to be investigated. Results: Here, we identified albinic seedling mutant asl4 caused by disruption of 30S ribosomal protein S1 that is targeted to the chloroplast . The mutant was defective in early chloroplast development and chlorophyll biosynthesis . A 2,855-bp deletion in the ASL4 allele was verified as responsible for the mutant phenotype by complementation tests. Expression analysis revealed that the ASL4 allele was highly expressed in leaf 4 sections and newly expanded leaves during early leaf development. Expression levels were increased by exposure to light following darkness. Some genes involved in chloroplast biogenesis were up-regulated and others down-regulated in asl4 mutant tissues compared to wild type. PEP-dependent photosynthesis genes and NEP-dependent housekeeping genes were separately down-regulated and up-regulated, suggesting that plastid transcription was impaired in the mutant. Transcriptome and western blot analyses showed that levels of most plastid-encoded genes and proteins were reduced in the mutant. The decreased contents of chloroplast rRNAs and ribosomal proteins indicated that chloroplast ribosome biogenesis was impaired in the asl4 mutant. Conclusion: Rice ASL4 encodes 30S ribosomal protein S1, which is targeted to the chloroplast. ASL4 is essential for chloroplast ribosome biogenesis and early chloroplast development. These data will facilitate efforts to further elucidate the molecular mechanism of chloroplast biogenesis.
Lophiosilurus alexandri, a sedentary bottom fish, adjusts its physiological parameters to survive to hypoxia condition.
Authors: Porto Livia de Assis , Melo Rafael Magno Costa , Beier Suzane Lilian , Luz Ronald Kennedy , Favero Gisele Cristina 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We investigated blood gas, hematological and biochemical parameters and gill morphology and morphometry of Lophiosilurus alexandri juveniles submitted to hypoxia for 48 hours followed by recovery for 48 hours. A total of 48 juveniles (360.0 ± 141.6 g) were distributed among eight tanks (120 L) and subjected to hypoxia condition (water with dissolved oxygen at 2.12 ± 0.90 mg L− 1) or normoxia (at 5.60 ± 0.31 mg L− 1). Blood gas values (pH, PvCO2, PvO2, sO2, HCO3−, stHCO3− and base excess) in hypoxia were significantly different from normoxia, while lactate and the electrolytes (K+, Na+, Cl−, Ca2+ and HCO3−) there was no significant change among treatments. The erythrocytes differed significantly between hypoxia and normoxia at 24 h of recovery, while for hemoglobin and hematocrit there were no significant differences. There was a significant difference in glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol for both normoxia and hypoxia, while plasma protein remained unchanged. All gill components (epithelial cells, erythrocytes, pillar cells, mucus cells, chloride cells, undifferentiated cells, and blood capillary lumen) differed significantly between hypoxia and normoxia. A reduction in the length of the primary lamella was observed in the hypoxia and recovery treatments, when compared to normoxia. The secondary branchial lamella showed no significant difference for both treatments. In general, juveniles of L. alexandri adapted well to hypoxia exposure for 48 h, as they were able to adjust most of their physiological variables to survive this stress condition and return to normoxia within 48 h.
Clinical Characteristics and MRI-based Prediction of the KLF4K409Q-mutation in Meningioma
Authors: von Spreckelsen Niklas , Waldt Natalie , Timmer Marco , Goertz Lukas , Reinecke David , Laukamp Kai , Pennig Lenhard , Grau Stefan , Deckert Martina , Kirches Elmar , Stavrinou Pantelis , Mawrin Christian , Goldbrunner Roland 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Meningioma is the most common primary brain tumor in adults. In recent years, several non-NF2 mutations, i.e. AKT1, SMO, TRAF7, and KLF4 mutations, specific for meningioma have been identified. This study aims to analyze the clinical impact and imaging characteristics of the KLF4K409Q mutation in meningioma. Methods: Clinical, neuropathological, and imaging data of 170 patients who underwent meningioma resection between 2013 and 2018 were retrospectively collected and tumors were analyzed for the presence of the KLF4K409Q mutation. We collected imaging characteristics, performed semiautomatic volumetric analysis of tumor size and peritumoral edema (PTBE), and calculated the edema index (EI, i.e. ratio of PTBE to tumor volume). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to identify cut-off EI values to predict the mutational status of KLF4.Results: Eighteen (10.6%) of the meningiomas carried the KLF4K409Qmutation; these were significantly associated with a secretory subtype (p<0.001) and sphenoid wing location (p=0.029). Small tumor size (p=0.007), an increased PTBE (p=0.012), and an increased EI (p=0.001) proved to be significantly associated with the KLF4K409Q mutation. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, EI predicted the KLF4K409Q mutation with an AUC of 0.728 (p=0.0016). Conclusion: The KLF4K409Q mutation is associated with a distinct small tumor subtype, prone to substantial PTBE. EI is a reliable parameter to predict the KLF4K409Q mutation in meningioma, thus providing a tool for improvement of pre- and perioperative medical management.
Isocitrate dehydrogenase of Bacillus cereus is involved in biofilm formation
Authors: Zhao Linlin , Liu Qing , Huang Qiubin , Liu Fengying , Liu Huiping , Wang Gang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) is a central carbon metabolism pathway in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and involved in matter metabolism and energy production. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), which is a key enzyme in the TCA cycle, participates in the formation of biofilms in Staphylococcus aureus by regulating the redox state inside the cell. At present, it remains to be clarified whether IDH is involved in the formation of Bacillus cereus biofilms. In this study, we found a gene icdH annotated as encoding IDH in the B. cereus genome, and cloned and expressed the protein encoded by this gene. The enzyme activity assay showed that the protein had IDH activity dependent on NADP+, indicating that this gene encoded an IDH. The mutant ΔicdH was obtained by gene knockout. Phenotypic analysis showed that the biofilm yield and sporulation rate of the mutant ΔicdH decreased. To reveal the role of IDH in biofilm formation, extracellular pH and citric acid content were measured. The results showed that a B.cereus 0–9 strain that lacked IDH exhibited accumulation of citric acid and acidification of the extracellular matrix. Given that citric acid is a metal chelator, the accumulation of citric acid may lead to a lack of metal ions in cells, resulting in reduced cell viability and affecting biofilm formation. Consistent with this hypothesis, the addition of excess Fe3+ restored biofilm formation in the mutant. These results suggest that IDH in B.cereus may regulate biofilm formation by modulating intracellular redox homeostasis. In addition, we found that the icdH deletion of B. cereus 0–9 resulted in the destruction of the stage I of sporulation process, and thus resulted in a reduced sporulation rate, which was significantly different from sporulation in B. subtilis caused by interruption of the stage I sporulation process due to icdH loss.
Reconstruction algorithm for tunneling ionization with a perturbation for the time-domain observation of an electric-field
Authors: Cho Wosik , Shin Jeong-uk , Kim Kyung Taec 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We present a reconstruction algorithm developed for the temporal characterization method called tunneling ionization with a perturbation for the time-domain observation of an electric field (TIPTOE). The reconstruction algorithm considers the high-order contribution of an additional laser pulse to ionization, enabling the use of an intense additional laser pulse. Therefore, the signal-to-noise ratio of the TIPTOE measurement is improved by at least one order of magnitude compared to the first-order approximation. In addition, the high-order contribution provides additional information regarding the pulse envelope. The reconstruction algorithm was tested with ionization yields obtained by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The optimal conditions for accurate reconstruction were analyzed. The reconstruction algorithm was also tested using experimental data obtained using few-cycle laser pulses. The reconstructed pulses obtained under different dispersion conditions exhibited good consistency. These results confirmed the validity and accuracy of the reconstruction process.
Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells Combined with Platelet Rich Plasma Accelerate Diabetic Wound Healing by Modulating Notch Pathway
Authors: Ebrahim Nesrine , Dessouky Arigue , Mostafa Ola , Yousef Mohamed , Seleem Yasmin , Gebaly Eman El , Allam Mona , Farid Ayman , Saffaf Bayan , Sabry Dina , Hassouna Amira , Nawar Ahmed , Shoulah Ahmed , Abdalla Sami , El-Sherbiny Mohamed , Elsherbiny Nehal , Salim Rabab 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Diabetic foot ulceration is a serious chronic complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by high disability, mortality and morbidity. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been widely used for diabetic wound healing due to its high content of growth factors. However, its application is limited due to rapid degradation of growth factors. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of combined adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) and PRP therapy in promoting diabetic wound healing in relation to the Notch signaling pathway. Methods Albino rats were allocated into 6 groups (control, sham, diabetic, PRP-treated, ADSCs-treated and PRP+ADSCs-treated groups). The effect of individual and combined therapy was evaluated by assessing wound closure rate, epidermal thickness, dermal collagen and angiogenesis. Moreover, gene and protein expression of key elements of Notch signaling pathway (Notch1, Delta like canonical Notch ligand 4 (DLL4), Hairy Enhancer of Split-1 (Hes1), Hey1, Jagged-1), gene expression of angiogenic marker (Vascular endothelial growth factor & stromal cell-derived factor 1) and epidermal stem cells (EPSCs) related gene (ß1 Integrin) were assessed. Results Our data showed a strong wound-healing effect of PRP+ADSCs compared to their individual use after 7 and 14 days. Combined therapy caused marked increase in area percentage of collagen, epidermal thickness and angiogenesis. Moreover, Notch signaling was significantly down-regulated, EPSCs proliferation and recruitment was enhanced compared to other treated groups and diabetic group. Conclusions These data demonstrated that PRP and ADSCs combined therapy significantly accelerated healing of diabetic wounds induced experimentally in rats via modulating Notch pathway, promoting angiogenesis and EPSCs proliferation.
Pathogenicity of three genetically distinct and highly pathogenic Egyptian H5N8 avian influenza viruses in chickens
Authors: Yehia Nahed , Erfan Ahmed M , adel amany , abdelmagid marwa , Hassan Wafaa M M , Samy Ahmed 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In late 2016, Egypt was subjected to multiple introductions of reassorted highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAI) subtype H5N8. In a previous study, we reported three distinct genotypes during the first wave of infection represented by CAO285, SS19, and F446 viruses that were isolated from wild birds, backyard, and a commercial farm, respectively. F466 has subsequently become the predominant genotype currently circulating in Egypt and has been implicated in the emerging of the H5N2 virus. In the present study, we investigated the difference in the pathogenicity and transmissibility of the three genotypes. The intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) ranged from 2.68 to 2.9. With the natural route of infection, all these strains took longer to cause mortality in comparison to S75 (HPAI-H5N1). When compared the H5N8 viruses to each other showed that F446 had high mortality rate after inoculation from original concentration of 106 and 104 EID50 of virus. Chickens inoculated with F446 showed the highest viral titer with significant differnt in all tested samples (H5N8 and H5N1 viruses) in experimental and sentinel contact chicken with more efficient transmission to sentinel contact birds and spread from contact to other birds. Histopathological findings revealed the H5N1 and H5N8 viruses affect all organs examined (lung, trachea, brain, spleen) with relatively different affect the S75 cauterized by early marked respiratory adverse effect and F446 & SS19 were characterized by early systematic pathological alteration with mild respiratory pathological changes. The efficient viral replication and transmissibility in the main bird species, like chicken in case of Egypt, represent a key element for the spread and maintains of certain influenza genotypes of H5N8 virus and decrease the incidence of H5N1.
Usefulness of a No-Reference Metric for Evaluation of Images in Nuclear Medicine -A Comparative Study with Visual Assessment
Authors: Higashiyama Shigeaki , Katayama Yutaka , Yoshida Atsushi , Inoue Nahoko , Yamanaga Takashi , Kawahata Hideki , Ichida Takao , Miki Yukio , Kawabe Joji 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose The normalized mean square error (NMSE) method is widely used to evaluate images in nuclear medicine. However, its use in clinical practice requires creating target images over a long time, which is difficult. It also requires standard images and reference teacher data that can be used at facilities worldwide because methods and doses in nuclear medicine imaging are yet to be standardized. This study examined the validity of perception-based image quality evaluator (PIQE), a no-reference metric that does not require a target image for image evaluation in nuclear medicine.Methods The Hoffman brain phantom with 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) was imaged and evaluated on slices in which the frontal and temporal lobes, bilateral lateral ventricles, and basal ganglia were drawn. Sixteen images with different pixel numbers and acquisition times were created and evaluated from the same slice. For the images obtained, visual evaluation criteria were developed for two endpoints: separation of white and gray matter boundaries, and uniformity of accumulation. Five evaluators assessed all the images using a paired comparison method, and then scored and ranked them. The images were also physically evaluated by the PIQE and a natural image quality evaluator (NIQE). The rankings obtained from the visual and physical evaluations were statistically compared.Results Based on Spearman's test of significance, visual evaluation rankings showed a strong correlation with those obtained with PIQE (rs = 0.9559, p < 0.0001) and no correlation with those obtained with NIQE (rs = 0.2324 and p = 0.3865).Conclusions Evaluation of images by PIQE is as effective as visual evaluation.
In Search of the Last Malaria Cases: Ethnographic Methods for Community and Private-sector Engagement in Malaria Elimination in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia
Authors: Masunaga Yoriko , Ribera Joan Muela , Nguyen Thuan Thi , Tesfazghi Kemi , Grietens Koen Peeters 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Despite significant strides made in reducing malaria morbidity and mortality in the Greater Mekong Subregion, malaria transmission continues amongst the most ‘hard-to-reach’ such as forest-goers and mobile and migrant populations, who face access obstacles to malaria diagnosis and treatment. As such, regional malaria elimination strategies endeavour to incorporate the private sector and local communities in improving surveillance and detection of the last malaria cases in remote forested areas. The question remains, however, whether such strategies can reach these hard-to-reach populations and effectively reduce their disproportionate burden of malaria. This paper evaluates the strategy of community and private sector engagement in a malaria elimination project in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia.Methods Ethnographic research, incorporating in-depth interviews, participant observation with informal discussions, and group discussions were conducted in Bu Gia Map commune, Binh Phuc province of Vietnam; in Phouvong district, Attapeu province of Laos; and, in nine newly established and informal communities in the provinces of Mondul Kiri, Steung Treng, Kratie, Kampong Thom, and Prah Vihear of Cambodia. Results Different types of factors limited or enhanced the effectiveness of the participatory approaches in the different settings. In Vietnam, inter-ethnic tensions and sensitivity around forest-work negatively affected local population’s health seeking behaviour and consequent uptake of malaria testing and treatment. In Laos, the location of the project collaborative pharmacies in the district-centre were a mismatch for reaching hard-to-reach populations in remote villages. In Cambodia, the strategy of recruiting community malaria-workers, elected by the community members, did manage to reach the remote forested areas where people visited or stayed. Conclusions ‘Hard-to-reach’ populations remain hard to reach without proper research identifying the socio-economic-political environment and the key dynamics determining uptake in involved communities and populations. We emphasise the need for solid implementation research with a strong ethnographic component in order to tailor malaria elimination strategies to local contexts.
The characteristics of proteome and metabolome associated with contrasting sperm motility in goat seminal plasma
Authors: Jia Baoyu , Liang Jiangchong , Lv Chunrong , Memon Sameeullah , Fang Yi , Wu Guoquan , Quan Guobo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Sperm motility is an index tightly associated with male fertility. A close relationship between seminal plasma and sperm motility has been confirmed. This study was to assess the protein and metabolite profiles of seminal plasma obtained from adult goats with high or low sperm motility using the proteomic and metabolomic strategies. In total, 2098 proteins were found. 449 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified, and 175 DEPs were enriched in the high motility group. The obtained DEPs primarily exist in cytoplasma and extra-cellular portion. The Gene Ontology enrichment analysis demonstrated the main functional roles of these DEPs in regulating biological process, metabolic process of organic substances, cellular-metabolic process, primary-metabolic process, metabolic process of nitrogen compounds, etc. Additionally, the Kyoto-Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that these DEPs were primarily involved in phosphatidylinositol signaling system, salivary secretion, proteasome, apoptosis, mitophagy-animal, etc. Aided by the parallel reaction monitoring technology, the abundance changing pattern of 19 selected DEPs was consistent with that of the corresponding proteins obtained by TMT. A total of 4603 metabolites were identified in seminal plasma. 1857 differential metabolites were found between the high motility group and the low motility group, and 999 metabolites were up-regulated in the high motility group. The KEGG analysis demonstrated the primary involvement of the differential metabolites in metabolic and synthetic activities. In conclusion, we first established the proteome and metabolome databank of goat seminal plasma, detecting some proteins and metabolites which may affect sperm motility. This study will be valuable for understanding mechanisms leading to poor sperm motility.
Astheno-association: hard tick species new association type identified during the summer season 2019 on cattle in Jijel area, Algeria
Authors: Lotfi Derradj 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
To this date, ticks remain the major problem in the livestock sector because of their role as vectors for serious agents of disease propagation. Given the scarcity of studies on ticks in Algeria, associations of species were mentioned in only one document and were not well detailed in another. This paper is a synoptic review of seven tick species associations related to host biotic factors in Algeria. The aim is to better understand the behaviour and biology of ticks to propose a new control method based on the association index. A total of 53 infested cattle were detected and 1,214 ticks were manually collected and identified based on their morphology during the summer of 2019 (June to August). Seven tick species were identified: viz. Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus, Rhipicephalus bursa, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Hyalomma marginatum, Hyalomma lusitanicum, Hyalomma scupense, and Hyalomma anatolicum. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used as an analytical tool to visualize similarities and correlations between cattle and females, males of tick species, according to three biotic factors (age, sex and breed of cattle). The results show that there is a relationship between the number of associated species and biotic factors (age of livestock). In addition, the degree of association is influenced by the host and other tick species and a new type of "astheno-association" is emerging that limits the number of associated species to two or three.