bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of pituitary adenoma with and without apoplexy in pediatric and adolescent patients: a clinical series of 80 patients
Authors: Wang Run , Wang Zixun , Song Yifu , Li Longjie , Han Xiaodi , Han Sheng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Object
Pituitary adenomas (PAs) have a low incidence in pediatric and adolescent patients, and their clinical characteristics remain unclear. As a severe complication of PA, apoplexy was investigated in young patients in the present study.
Methods
Eighty consecutive patients younger than 20 years with PAs who underwent surgery were included. The study cases were divided into an apoplexy group and non-apoplexy group, and the corresponding clinical data were statistically analyzed and compared between these two groups.
Results
The study included 33 males and 47 females, with a mean age of 16.9 years. There were six (7.5%) ACTH-secreting, 13 (16.3%) GH-secreting, 47 (58.7%) PRL-secreting, and 14 (17.5%) non-functioning PAs. There were 34 (42.5%) patients in the apoplexy group and 46 (57.5%) patients in the non-apoplexy group. Preoperatively, patients in the apoplexy group were more likely to have visual impairment (P = 0.033, HR = 2.841, 95% CI = 1.073–7.519) and had poorer visual impairment scores than those in the non-apoplexy group (P = 0.027). Although not statistically significant, apoplexy may have been associated with a higher Ki-67 proliferation index (P = 0.070). However, apoplexy was not associated with tumor type, tumor size, resection rate, or tumor recurrence.
Conclusion
Tumor apoplexy was common in pediatric and adolescent patients with PAs, and was associated with more severe preoperative visual deficits. Hence, appropriate surgical treatment may be important for salvaging visual function in young PA patients.
Differential Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α in CKD Patients from South India.
Authors: Sevak Vandit , Chinniah Rathika , Pandi Sasiharan , Krishnaswamy Sampath Kumar , Karuppiah Balakrishnan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective: To explore the proinflammatory cytokine expression from chronic kidney disease patients (CKD) with its secondary complications.Methods: A total of 133 CKD patients and 149 healthy controls were evaluated for TNF-α and IFN-γ cytokine mRNA expression by qRT- PCR methods.Results: We found upregulated expression for TNF-α (FC: 2.5) and IFN-γ (FC:1.76) in pooled CKD patients when compared to controls. The expression profile for TNF-α and IFN-γ was 2.6 and 1.71 fold respectively for dialysis patients. However, in Non-Dialysis patients, a down regulated expression for TNF-α (FC: 0.19) and upregulated expression for IFN-γ (FC:1.6) were noticed. The IFN-γ and TNF-α expression level was 2.02 and 1.79 fold respectively for CKD patients with diabetes. Whereas in non-diabetic CKD patients, the IFN-γ and TNF-α expressions were 1.79 and 1.87 fold respectively. When we grouped the data based on with and without complications, we found a significant upregulated expression for IFN-γ (FC:1.64) and down regulated expression for TNF- α (FC:0.65) were observed in without complications. A significant upregulated expression were observed for IFN-γ (FC:1.82) and TNF- α (FC:2.27) in with complications. We have observed a significant positive correlation between TNF-α and IFN-γ (R=0.620; p< 0.0001). Analysis of data showed negative correlation between eGFR and Creatinine in Dialysis and Non-Dialysis group of patients. The disease severity progression showed that, 84.2% (n=112) of individuals fall under <15 eGFR.Conclusion: Increased TNF-α and IFN-γ expression suggests that Th1 cells are involved in CKD inflammation and its disease pathogenesis.
Implications of Tectonic Anomalies From Potential Field Data in Some Parts of Southeast Nigeria.
Authors: EKWOK STEPHEN EGUBA , Akpan Anthony Effiong , Achadu Ogiji-Idaga Martins , Ulem Christian Atelwhobel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Tectonic structures controlling mineralization in some parts of Southeast Nigeria were evaluated using airborne potential field data. High and low frequency filters and depth determination tools were adopted to evaluate short and long wavelength anomalies, resolve the spatial spreading of igneous intrusions, depths to geologic sources and basin topography. The high frequency results exhibited high concentration of short wavelength anomalies in the Obudu Plateau and Ikom-Mamfe Rift. The underlying main tectonics of the area elucidated by the low frequency results caused the widespread occurrences of short wavelength geologic structures that are revealed by the high frequency maps. The study area is characterized by comparatively thin (~13.0 to <3000 m) sedimentation. The observed thin thickness is as a result of the massive Precambrian basement outcrops in some locations in the Obudu Plateau and the proliferation of igneous intrusions within this part of the Lower Benue Trough. The 2-D models showed the undulating nature of the underlying basin topography, the location of intrusions, domal structures and related normal faults. The locations and neighbourhood of intrusions and/or short wavelength structures are viable sites for lead-zinc-barite, brine and metallogenic minerals.
Southern Hemisphere Continental Temperature Responses to Major Volcanic Eruptions Since 1883 in CMIP5&nbsp;Models
Authors: Harvey Pamela J , Grab Stefan W 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Although global and Northern Hemisphere (NH) temperature responses to volcanic forcing have been extensively investigated, knowledge of such responses over Southern Hemisphere (SH) continental regions is still limited. Here we use an ensemble of CMIP5 models to explore SH temperature responses to four major volcanic eruptions: Krakatau (1883), Santa Maria (1902), Agung (1963) and Pinatubo (1991). Focus is on near-surface temperature responses over southern continental landmasses including southern South America (SSA), southern Africa (SAF) and Australia and their seasonal differences. Findings indicate that for all continents, temperature responses were strongest and lasted longest following the Krakatau eruption. Responses in Australia had the shortest lag time, strongest maximum seasonal response, as well as the most significant monthly anomalies. In contrast, SSA records the longest lag time, weakest maximum seasonal temperature response, and lowest number of monthly negative anomalies following these eruptions. In most cases, the strongest single-season response occurred in austral autumn or winter, and the weakest in summer or spring. We tentatively propose that cooler temperature responses are likely caused, at least in part, by the intensification of the westerlies and associated mid-latitude cyclones and anti-cyclones.
Video-assisted Thoracic Surgery for Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Compared With Conventional Open Surgery in Infants
Authors: Zhao Shengliang , Pan Zhengxia , Li Yonggang , An Yong , Jin Xin , wu chun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of video-assisted thoracic surgery for the treatment of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) in a larger series compared with conventional open surgery. Additionally, we summarized the experience of thoracoscopic surgery in the treatment of CDH in infants.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed the clinical data of 109 children with CDH who underwent surgical treatment at the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery of Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2010 to January 2019. According to the surgical method, the children were divided into an open group (62 cases) and a thoracoscopy group (47 cases). We compared the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative mechanical ventilation time, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative CCU admission time and other surgical indicators as well as the recurrence rate, mortality rate and complication rate of the two groups of children.ResultsThe index data on the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative mechanical ventilation time, postoperative hospital stay and postoperative CCU admission time were better in the thoracoscopy group than in the open group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with the number of incision infections, pulmonary infections, atelectasis, pleural effusion and chylothorax between the two groups, the number of children in the open group was greater than that in the thoracoscopy group, and the total postoperative complication rate (51.61%) was higher than that in the thoracoscopy group (44.68%). The recurrence rate of the thoracoscopy group (8.51%) was higher than that of the open group (3.23%). In the open group, 2 patients died of respiratory distress after surgery, and no patients died in the thoracoscopy group.ConclusionsThoracoscopic surgery and open surgery can effectively treat CDH. Open surgery has advantages in patients with unstable haemodynamics, large diaphragm defects and abdominal malformations. Compared with conventional open surgery, thoracoscopy has the advantages of shorter operation time, less trauma, faster recovery and fewer complications, but there is a risk of recurrence. The choice of surgical method should be determined by the characteristics of diaphragmatic lesions and the experience of the clinician.
Three Dimensional Epidemic Model with Non-monotonic Incidence and Saturated Treatment: A Case Study of SARS Infection of Hong Kong 2003 Scenario
Authors: Ghosh Uttam , Sarkar Susmita , Ghosh Jayanta Kumar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

In this paper, we have proposed a mathematical compartmental model with non-monotonic incidence and saturated treatment and we have validated the model with SARS infection in Hong Kong, 2003. We have analysed the stability of disease free and endemic equilibria as well as different bifurcations. We have shown that the epidemic disappears if the cure rate of treatment crosses a threshold value. We have obtained a necessary and sufficient condition for backward bifurcation, which shows the basic reproduction number less than unity is not sufficient to eradicate the disease completely. Saddle-node and Hopf bifurcation with respect to awareness factor have been investigated, which shows that the awareness factor is effective to change the disease dynamics. The model has been fitted to SARS cases in Hong Kong. The most effective parameters for controlling infections have been identified through sensitivity analysis. Moreover, we have investigated how the number of infected cases reduces if there was some vaccination polices in SARS infection. Finally, the model has been also used as an optimal control problem as vaccination and treatment controls are time dependent functions.
Deaf Awareness Workshop for Medical Students—An Evaluation
Authors: Kruse Janina , Zimmermann Anja , Fuchs Michael , Rotzoll Daisy 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background In the present study, a workshop was designed to determine the effect of deaf awareness training on medical students concerning their gain of knowledge regarding deafness and their competence in providing adapted communication and healthcare for deaf and hard of hearing patients. Methods Knowledge and competence in 95 medical students were evaluated in an online survey prior to as well as following the workshop. The workshop was held online in three consecutive sessions. Results Students reported a substantially more confident approach to working with hearing impaired patients and indicated that an online learning environment is a suitable and helpful alternative to face-to-face teaching. However, a direct comparison was not conducted. Participants improved significantly in all evaluated items concerning their knowledge and competence (p <0.001). Furthermore, measurements revealed interaction effects between students’ current period of study and the point in time of self-evaluation before and after the workshop. Preclinical students not only catch up but even surpass their clinical peers concerning their learning outcome. Conclusion Reviewing the results obtained by this study, we are optimistic with respect to all participants’ highly positive experiences and learning outcomes. Deaf awareness training should be included in the curriculum of all medical faculties.
Potentially inappropriate medication use among elderly patients on follow-up at the chronic care clinic of a specialized teaching hospital in Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study
Authors: Tesfaye Behailu Terefe , Tessema Mihret Terefe , Yizengaw Mengist Awoke , Bosho Dula Dessalegn 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Elderly patients are prone to potentially inappropriate medication use (PIMU); its use have been associated with multiple adverse consequences. As a result, it is crucial to determine the magnitude and factors associated with PIMU. The present study was mainly aimed to determine and assess the magnitude and predictors of potentially inappropriate medications use in elderly patients on follow-up at the chronic care clinic of Jimma medical center.
Methods

A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted involving 219 patients aged 65 years and above on treatment follow-up. Data was collected using checklist. The 2019 updated American Geriatric Society (AGS) Beers Criteria® and Screening Tool of Older People’s Potentially Inappropriate Prescriptions criteria and Screening Tool to Alert Doctors to Right Treatment (STOPP/START) criteria (version 2) were employed to assess PIMU. SPSS IBM (v22) was used for data entry and analysis. Categorical variables were described using frequency and percentage, whereas continuous variables were described using mean with standard deviation (SD) or median with interquartile range (IQR). Logistic regression was conducted to identify predictors of PIMU.
Results

The average number of medications prescribed per patient was 4.0 (IQR = 2.0). At least one PIMU was identified in 182 (83.1%) and 99 (45.2%) patients, based on Beers and STOPP criteria, respectively. Additionally, potential prescription omission (PPO) was observed in 24 (10.9%) patients. The risk of Beers PIMU was increased with age [AOR = 1.21, p < 0.001], hypertension [AOR = 4.17, p < 0.001], and Polypharmacy [AOR = 14.10, p < 0.001], while a decrease in the risk was noted in patients with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke [AOR = 0.133, p = 0.01] and asthma [AOR = 0.03, p < 0.001]. Using STOPP criteria, hypertension [AOR = 2.10, p = 0.04], diabetes mellitus [AOR = 2.26, p = 0.04], ischemic heart disease [AOR = 2.84, p = 0.04], peripheral neuropathy [AOR = 10.61, p < 0.001], and Polypharmacy [AOR = 6.10, p < 0.001] significantly increased the risk of PIMU.
Conclusions

Regardless of the screening tool used to assess, the present study revealed PIMU in the large proportion of the participants. Multiple medication use and certain disease condition had increased the probability of PIMU. Thus, it is imperative to use screening tools to review medications prescribed for each hospitalized elderly patients so as to reduce adverse consequences of PIMU.
The Effects of Antithrombotic Therapy on Head Trauma and its Management
Authors: Koiso Takao , Komatsu Yoji , Goto Masayuki , Terakado Toshitsugu , Matsumaru Yuji , Ishikawa Eichi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To examine the effects of antithrombotics for head trauma, 393 consecutive patients were enrolled. The patients were divided into those that were (group A, n = 117) and were not (group B, n = 276) taking antithrombotics, and the groups’ outcomes were compared. To identify factors that affected functional independence in group A, clinical factors were compared between the patients that exhibited mRS of 0–2 and 3–6 at discharge. Furthermore, to assess the optimal time to restart antithrombotics, cases in which rebleeding occurred after antithrombotics were restarted or thromboembolic events occurred were extracted. The ratio of mRS 3–6 and death within 30 days were significantly higher in group A than in group B. Multivariate analysis of group A revealed that being aged ≥ 70, not receiving antiplatelet therapy, and intracranial hematoma enlargement were poor prognostic factors. Five patients in group A experienced ischemic strokes within 30 days. In 3 of these patients, the ischemic strokes occurred before antithrombotics were restarted. Rebleeding occurred in two cases after anticoagulants restarted within 48 hours. Patients taking antithrombotics are at high risk of poor prognosis after head trauma. To prevent thromboembolic events, the active resumption of antithrombotics after 48 hours is desirable if hemostasis has been achieved.
Reversible amyloids of pyruvate kinase couple cell metabolism and stress granule disassembly
Authors: Cereghetti Gea , Wilson-Zbinden Caroline , Kissling Vera , Diether Maren , Arm Alexandra , Yoo Haneul , Piazza Ilaria , Saad Shady , Picotti Paola , Drummond David , Sauer Uwe , Dechant Reinhard , Peter Matthias 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Cells respond to stress by blocking translation, rewiring metabolism, and forming transient mRNP assemblies called stress granules (SGs). After stress release, re-establishing homeostasis requires energy-consuming processes. However, the molecular mechanisms whereby cells restore energy production to disassemble SGs and reinitiate growth after stress remain poorly understood. Here we show that, upon stress, the ATP-producing enzyme Cdc19 forms inactive amyloids, and that their rapid re-solubilization is essential to restore energy production and disassemble SGs. Cdc19 re-solubilization is initiated by the glycolytic metabolite fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP), which directly binds Cdc19 amyloids and facilitates conformational changes that allow Hsp104 and Ssa2 chaperone recruitment. FBP then promotes Cdc19 tetramerization, which boosts its activity to further enhance ATP production and SG disassembly. Together, these results describe a molecular mechanism essential for stress recovery, which directly couples metabolism with SG dynamics via regulation of Cdc19 amyloids.
Synthesis and characterization of Architecturally Modified Mesoporous-microporous MFI (Mobil Five) Zeolite with enhanced catalytic activity
Authors: Pathak Dhanju Mani , Ghosh Pankaj Kumar , Shah Kishor Kr , Talukdar Anup K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Four samples MFI zeolites were synthesized in presence of carbon black particles with silica-alumina molar ratio of 100 and different silica to carbon mass ratio under autogeneous pressure without adding any promoter or organic solvent. The synthesis temperature and duration of crystallization were 473K and 16h respectively. A sample of MFI was also synthesized without adding carbon black under similar condition. The synthesized samples were characterized by different techniques such as X- ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, TGA and N2 adsorption desorption. The samples exhibit high crystallinity. The particle size ranged from 2.8 to 7.3 µm. Mesopore to micropore ratios was found to increase with increasing silicon to carbon mass ratio. These structurally modified meso-micro zeolite showed enhanced activity in the benzyl alcohol esterification reaction.
Platelet Transfusion is Not Associated with the Better Outcomes of Patients with Sepsis-Induced Thrombocytopenia: A Propensity Score-Matching Analysis.
Authors: Zhou Aiming , Wu Shanshan , Chen Qin , Chen Lili , Pan Jingye 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The association of platelet transfusion and short-term mortality in patients with sepsis-induced thrombocytopenia remains unclear. Therefore, we intended to explore whether platelet transfusion could make a difference for patients with sepsis-induced thrombocytopenia.Methods: The study was based on the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC) III database. Sepsis patients were divided into those with or without platelet transfusion (Platelet Transfusion group [PT group] and No Platelet Transfusion group [NPT group], respectively) during hospital stay. The primary outcome was 28-day all-cause mortality, and secondary outcomes were length of ICU stay (LOS-ICU) and survival days of 28. Propensity-score matching was used to reduce the imbalance. Results: We included 1733 patients: 296 patients in the PT group and 1437 patients in the NPT group. Overall, 655 patients died by day 28. After propensity score matching, 294 paired patients constituted each group. 28-day mortality did not decreased in PT patients comparing to NPT patients (120 [40.54%] vs. 535 [37.23%] deaths; P=0.29). LOS-ICU was similar between PT group and NPT group (5.84[2.68-11.78] vs. 4.94[2.18-12.72]; P=0.44). After confounders were adjusted for, it showed no difference between PT group and NPT group in 28-day mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.28;95% confidence interval [CI], [0.96, 1.17]; P=0.09) or lOS-ICU (odd ratio [OR], 0.09; 95%CI, [-1.45, 1.62]; P=0.91). Survival at 28 days showed no difference between the groups according to Kaplan-Meier survival estimates. After propensity score matching, platelet transfusion was also not associated with 28-mortality or LOS-ICU.Conclusions: In the propensity score-matched analysis, there is no evidence that platelet transfusion is beneficial for patients with sepsis-induced thrombocytopenia, neither 28-mortality nor LOS-ICU.
The effect of stress on the magnetic properties of low bandwidth manganites
Authors: Song Guoqiang , Zhang Yuanyuan , Liu Qingqing , Li Sheng , Yang Jing , Bai Wei , Tang Xiaodong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The low bandwidth Pr0.9Ca0.1MnO3 (PCMO) thin films prepared by sol-gel method were suffered tensile and compressive stress grown on SrTiO3 and LaAlO3 substrates. The hysteresis loops at different temperatures show that the coercivity field with tensile stress is larger due to the much stronger pinning potential of ferromagnetism motion. The temperature dependence of the ZFC and FC magnetizations indicates that the stress significantly affects the ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) transition temperature of PCMO, and the Curie temperature (TC) decreases with tensile stress. The films show strong anisotropy properties that the magnetization increases much faster with the magnetic field when H⊥c, but the coercive field and saturation magnetization do not change significantly. In addition, the persistent photoinduced magnetization is investigated, and significant improvement of the ferromagnetic ordering was observed in low temperature.