bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Caused the Unprecedented Absence of Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones in July 2020?
Authors: Wang Chao , Wu Kun , Wu Liguang , Zhao Haikun , Cao Jian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhile the Atlantic basin experienced the busiest hurricane season in 2020, the typhoon activity over the western North Pacific (WNP) was also record‐setting with no tropical cyclone (TC) formation in July 2020, which is the first time in available historical records. The unprecedented absence of TC formation is consistent with the extremely unfavorable large‐scale conditions that are linked to an anomalous anticyclonic circulation over the WNP, which results mainly from sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies across the tropical oceans. Numerical experiments suggest that the tropical Indian Ocean SST anomalies, which were warmest in July 2020 since 1965, play a dominant role in the anomalous WNP anticyclonic circulation, while the increased zonal SST gradient across the tropical Pacific and the Atlantic SST warming also have important contributions. This study suggests that the configuration of SST anomalies across the tropical basins is quite important to the WNP TC activity.
Tectonic Deformation of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau and Its Surroundings Revealed With GPS Block Modeling
Authors: Li Xinnan , Pierce Ian K. D. , Bormann Jayne M. , Hammond William C. , Zhang Zhuqi , Li Chuanyou , Zheng Wenjun , Zhang Peizhen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe northeastern Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings are a tectonically complex region resulting from the continuing collision of India with Eurasia. We studied the tectonic deformation of this region using a GPS block model, which was produced using the most recently published, dense, precise, and complete GPS velocities available combined with a detailed fault geometry. The comparison between our preferred model with numerous faults and a model with fewer faults demonstrates the need for inclusion of lesser active faults affords a closer examination of strain partitioning. The predicted senses of motion and slip rates of active faults in our preferred model are consistent with the geological estimates, supporting the assumption that the decadal GPS slip rates are representative of millennial‐scale geologic slip rates. The observed fault kinematics in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings can be interpreted as the consequence of relative motions between different blocks and block rotations.
Determination of Near Surface Shear‐Wave Velocities in the Central Los Angeles Basin With Dense Arrays
Authors: Jia Zhe , Clayton Robert W 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the shallow shear wave velocity structure of the Los Angeles Basin in southern California, using ambient noise correlations between 5 dense arrays and 21 broadband stations from the Southern California Seismic Network (SCSN). We observe clear fundamental mode and first overtone Rayleigh waves in the frequency band 0.25–2.0 Hz, and obtain group velocity maps through tomography. We further derive a 3D shear wave velocity model, covering a large portion of the central LA Basin for the depths shallower than 3 km. We found that the small scale shallow velocity structure heterogeneities are better resolved compared with the SCEC Community velocity models. Our model captures the presence of the Newport‐Inglewood fault by a NW–SE trending high velocity belt. Our model provides more accurate constraints on local ground motion predictions with detailed mapping of structural heterogeneities.
Storm Surges Cause Simultaneous Salinization and Freshening of Coastal Aquifers, Exacerbated by Climate Change
Authors: Paldor A. , Michael H. A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOcean surge events are known to threaten coastal aquifers through vertical infiltration, with the degree of salinization depending on hydrogeologic factors. Another salinization process in coastal aquifers is lateral saltwater intrusion, which may also be affected during surges as the inundation alters the aquifer hydraulic heads. While these processes have been considered individually, here we consider the interplay between them and the longer‐term impact of climate change, which is projected to increase the frequency of surges in the future. Using numerical modeling, the location of the lateral freshwater‐saltwater interface and the total salt storage are calculated for single and repetitive surge events with different recurrence times to predict the long‐term effect of surges. Results point to two novel mechanisms: (1) Following a single overwash event, salt storage in the aquifer peaks due to vertical salinization, and a second, lower peak occurs on a longer time scale. This second peak is due to the surge‐induced rebound motion (seaward and then landward) of the interface. (2) The projected increase in surge frequency due to climate change can potentially induce long‐term migration of the interface seaward, independent of a change in sea level, depending on the aquifer permeability. Together with this freshening effect, the total salt load in the aquifer increases due to repetitive vertical salinization. Thus, we show for the first time the combined effect of storm surges and climate change on both vertical and horizontal movement of salt in coastal aquifers, with important implications for water management along global coastlines.
Importance of Gravity Wave Forcing for Springtime Southern Polar Vortex Breakdown as Revealed by ERA5
Authors: Gupta Aman , Birner Thomas , Dörnbrack Andreas , Polichtchouk Inna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPlanetary waves (PWs) and gravity waves (GWs) are the key drivers of middle atmospheric circulation. Insufficient observations and inaccurate model representation of GWs limit our understanding of their stratospheric contributions, especially during the Antarctic polar vortex breakdown. This study employs the strength of the high‐resolution ERA5 reanalysis in resolving a broad spectrum of GWs in southern midlatitudes and its ability to estimate their forcing during the breakdown period. Most of the resolved southern hemisphere GWs deposit momentum around 60°S over the Southern Ocean. Further, a zonal momentum budget analysis during the breakdown period reveals that the resolved GW forcing in ERA5 provides as much as one‐fourth of the necessary wind deceleration at 60°S, 10 hPa. The parameterized GW drag, mostly from non‐orographic sources, provides more than half of the wind deceleration. Both findings highlight the key role of GWs in the vortex breakdown and discuss possibilities for further stratospheric GW analysis.
Extreme quantum nonlinearity in superfluid thin-film surface waves
Authors: Sfendla Y. L. , Baker C. G. , Harris G. I. , Tian L. , Harrison R. A. , Bowen W. P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe show that highly confined superfluid films are extremely nonlinear mechanical resonators, offering the prospect to realize a mechanical qubit. Specifically, we consider third-sound surface waves, with nonlinearities introduced by the van der Waals interaction with the substrate. Confining these waves to a disk, we derive analytic expressions for the cubic and quartic nonlinearities and determine the resonance frequency shifts they introduce. We predict single-phonon shifts that are three orders of magnitude larger than in current state-of-the-art nonlinear resonators. Combined with the exquisitely low intrinsic dissipation of superfluid helium and the strongly suppressed acoustic radiation loss in phononic crystal cavities, we predict that this could allow blockade interactions between phonons as well as two-level-system-like behavior. Our work provides a pathway towards extreme mechanical nonlinearities, and towards quantum devices that use mechanical resonators as qubits.
Effects of cadmium stress on physiological indexes and fruiting body nutritions of Agaricus brasiliensis
Authors: Liu Lingyun , Chen Hua , Yuan Jing , Wang Yixiang , Weng Boqi , Liu Penghu , Li Guoxue 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study, 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg·kg−1 of cadmium were added to the cultivation materials. In order to study the effects of different concentrations of Cd stress on J1 and J77, the contents of antioxidant enzymes, proline and malondialdehyde, Cd content, agronomic traits and yield of fruiting bodies of Agaricus brasiliensis were determined, and the nutritional components such as polysaccharide, triterpene, protein, total sugar and total amino acid were determined. The results showed that the physiological indexes of strain J1 and J77 changed regularly under different concentrations of Cd stress. J1 was a high absorption and low tolerance variety, while J77 was a low absorption and high tolerance variety. Low concentration of Cd promoted the growth of strain J1, and higher concentration of Cd promoted the growth of strain J77. The contents of protein and total amino acids in the two strains changed greatly, followed by polysaccharides, which indicated that Cd stress had the greatest impact on the three nutrients, and other nutrients were not sensitive to Cd stress.
Collagen molecular phenotypic switch between non-neoplastic and neoplastic canine mammary tissues
Authors: Terajima Masahiko , Taga Yuki , Brisson Becky K. , Durham Amy C. , Sato Kotaro , Uzawa Katsuhiro , Saito Tomoaki , Hattori Shunji , Sørenmo Karin U. , Yamauchi Mitsuo , Volk Susan W. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn spite of major advances over the past several decades in diagnosis and treatment, breast cancer remains a global cause of morbidity and premature death for both human and veterinary patients. Due to multiple shared clinicopathological features, dogs provide an excellent model of human breast cancer, thus, a comparative oncology approach may advance our understanding of breast cancer biology and improve patient outcomes. Despite an increasing awareness of the critical role of fibrillar collagens in breast cancer biology, tumor-permissive collagen features are still ill-defined. Here, we characterize the molecular and morphological phenotypes of type I collagen in canine mammary gland tumors. Canine mammary carcinoma samples contained longer collagen fibers as well as a greater population of wider fibers compared to non-neoplastic and adenoma samples. Furthermore, the total number of collagen cross-links enriched in the stable hydroxylysine-aldehyde derived cross-links was significantly increased in neoplastic mammary gland samples compared to non-neoplastic mammary gland tissue. The mass spectrometric analyses of type I collagen revealed that in malignant mammary tumor samples, lysine residues, in particular those in the telopeptides, were markedly over-hydroxylated in comparison to non-neoplastic mammary tissue. The extent of glycosylation of hydroxylysine residues was comparable among the groups. Consistent with these data, expression levels of genes encoding lysyl hydroxylase 2 (LH2) and its molecular chaperone FK506-binding protein 65 were both significantly increased in neoplastic samples. These alterations likely lead to an increase in the LH2-mediated stable collagen cross-links in mammary carcinoma that may promote tumor cell metastasis in these patients.
An mTOR and VEGFR inhibitor combination arrests a doxorubicin resistant lung metastatic osteosarcoma in a PDOX mouse model
Authors: Oshiro Hiromichi , Tome Yasunori , Miyake Kentaro , Higuchi Takashi , Sugisawa Norihiko , Kanaya Fuminori , Nishida Kotaro , Hoffman Robert M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn order to identify more effective therapy for recalcitrant osteosarcoma, we evaluated the efficacy of an mTOR-VEGFR inhibitor combination on tumor growth in a unique osteosarcoma patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model derived from the lung metastasis of an osteosarcoma patient who failed doxorubicin therapy. We also determined the efficacy of this inhibitor combination on angiogenesis using an in vivo Gelfoam fluorescence angiogenesis mouse model implanted with osteosarcoma patient-derived cells (OS-PDCs). PDOX models were randomly divided into five groups of seven nude mice. Group 1, control; Group 2, doxorubicin (DOX); Group 3, everolimus (EVE, an mTOR and VEGF inhibitor); Group 4, pazopanib (PAZ, a VEGFR inhibitor); Group 5, EVE-PAZ combination. Tumor volume and body weight were monitored 2 times a week. The in vivo Gelfoam fluorescence angiogenesis assay was performed with implanted OS-PDCs. The nude mice with implanted Gelfoam and OSPDCs also were divided into the four therapeutic groups and vessel length was monitored once a week. The EVE-PAZ combination suppressed tumor growth in the osteosarcoma PDOX model and decreased the vessel length ratio in the in vivo Gelfoam fluorescent angiogenesis model, compared with all other groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant body-weight loss in any group. Only the EVE-PAZ combination caused tumor necrosis. The present study demonstrates that a combination of an mTOR-VEGF inhibitor and a VEGFR inhibitor was effective for a DOX-resistant lung-metastatic osteosarcoma PDOX mouse model, at least in part due to strong anti-angiogenesis efficacy of the combination.
Process optimization with acid functionalised activated carbon derived from corncob for production of 4-hydroxymethyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane and 5-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane
Authors: Kaur Jaspreet , Sarma Anil Kumar , Gera Poonam , Jha Mithilesh Kumar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this article, a two-step activated carbon preparation technique from corncob has been elucidated. The derived catalysts AAC-CC has been characterized using various techniques for the determination of their structural properties and compared with AC-CC, already reported with another article. The conjugated boat structure of AAC-CC resulted in a very high surface area (779.8 m2/g) and high pore volume (0.428 cc/g). This unveils the suitability of AAC-CC as better among the two catalytic pathways for solketal production. The activated carbons so prepared have been used for the valorization of glycerol to produce 2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol (solketal), oxygenated additives to fuel. The face-centered composite design (FCCD) of RSM was applied for the optimization of the reaction parameters for the ketalisation reaction using AAC-CC as a catalyst. From the optimized results, the acidic catalyst AAC-CC resulted in a glycerol conversion, i.e. 80.3% under the actual laboratory experiment. Moreover, the catalyst could be reused for three consecutive batch reactions without (< 5%) much reduction of activity and no distinctive structural deformity.
Quercetin‑conjugated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles modulate glucose metabolism-related genes and miR-29 family in the hippocampus of diabetic rats
Authors: Dini Solmaz , Zakeri Mansoureh , Ebrahimpour Shiva , Dehghanian Fariba , Esmaeili Abolghasem 
Published: April 2021

AbstractQuercetin (QC) is a dietary bioflavonoid that can be conjugated with nanoparticles to facilitate its brain bioavailability. We previously showed that quercetin-conjugated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (QCSPIONs) reduced the level of blood glucose in diabetic rats. Glucose transporters (GLUTs), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and microRNA-29 (miR-29) play a critical role in brain glucose homeostasis. In the current study, we examined the effects of QCSPION on the expression of glucose metabolism-related genes, and the miR-29 family as a candidate regulator of glucose handling in the hippocampus of diabetic rats. Our in silico analyses introduce the miR-29 family as potential regulators of glucose transporters and IGF-1 genes. The expression level of the miR-29 family, IGF-1, GLUT1, GLUT2, GLUT3, and GLUT4 were measured by qPCR. Our results indicate that diabetes significantly results in upregulation of the miR-29 family and downregulation of the GLUT1, 2, 3, 4, and IGF-1 genes. Interestingly, QCSPIONs reduced miR-29 family expression and subsequently enhanced GLUT1, 2, 3, 4, and IGF-1expression. In conclusion, our findings suggest that QCSPION could regulate the expression of the miR-29 family, which in turn increases the expression of glucose transporters and IGF-1, thereby reducing diabetic complications.
ALKBH4 promotes tumourigenesis with a poor prognosis in non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Jingushi Kentaro , Aoki Masaya , Ueda Kazuhiro , Kogaki Takahiro , Tanimoto Masaya , Monoe Yuya , Ando Masayuki , Matsumoto Takuya , Minami Kentaro , Ueda Yuko , Kitae Kaori , Hase Hiroaki , Nagata Toshiyuki , Harada-Takeda Aya , Yamamoto Masatatsu , Kawahara Kohichi , Tabata Kazuhiro , Furukawa Tatsuhiko , Sato Masami , Tsujikawa Kazutake 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe human AlkB homolog family (ALKBH) of proteins play a critical role in some types of cancer. However, the expression and function of the lysine demethylaseALKBH4in cancer are poorly understood. Here, we examined the expression and function ofALKBH4in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and found thatALKBH4was highly expressed in NSCLC, as compared to that in adjacent normal lung tissues.ALKBH4knockdown significantly induced the downregulation of NSCLC cell proliferation via cell cycle arrest at the G1phase of in vivo tumour growth.ALKBH4knockdown downregulated E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) and its target gene expression in NSCLC cells.ALKBH4andE2F1expression was significantly correlated in NSCLC clinical specimens. Moreover, patients with highALKBH4expression showed a poor prognosis, suggesting that ALKBH4 plays a pivotal tumour-promoting role in NSCLC.
Fecal microbiota dynamics during disease activity and remission in newly diagnosed and established ulcerative colitis
Authors: Öhman Lena , Lasson Anders , Strömbeck Anna , Isaksson Stefan , Hesselmar Marcus , Simrén Magnus , Strid Hans , Magnusson Maria K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPatients with ulcerative colitis (UC) have an altered gut microbiota composition, but the microbial relationship to disease activity needs to be further elucidated. Therefore, temporal dynamics of the fecal microbial community during remission and flare was determined. Fecal samples were collected at 2–6 time-points from UC patients during established disease (cohort EST) and at diagnosis (cohort NEW). Sampling range for cohort EST was 3–10 months and for cohort NEW 36 months. Relapses were monitored for an additional three years for cohort EST. Microbial composition was assessed by Genetic Analysis GA-map Dysbiosis Test, targeting ≥ 300 bacteria. Eighteen patients in cohort EST (8 with maintained remission and 10 experiencing a flare), provided 71 fecal samples. In cohort NEW, 13 patients provided 49 fecal samples. The microbial composition showed no clustering related to disease activity in any cohort. Microbial dissimilarity was higher between than within patients for both cohorts, irrespective of presence of a flare. Microbial stability within patients was constant over time with no major shift in overall composition nor modification in the abundance of any specific species. Microbial composition was not affected by intensified medical treatment or linked to future disease course. Thus in UC, the gut microbiota is highly stable irrespective of disease stage, disease activity or treatment escalation. This suggests that prolonged dietary interventions or repeated fecal transplantations are needed to be able to induce permanent alterations of the gut microbiota.
Knee loading in OA subjects is correlated to flexion and adduction moments and to contact point locations
Authors: Zeighami Ali , Dumas Raphael , Aissaoui Rachid 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study evaluated the association of contact point locations with the knee medial and lateral contact force (Fmed, Flat) alterations in OA and healthy subjects. A musculoskeletal model of the lower limb with subject-specific tibiofemoral contact point trajectories was used to estimate the Fmed and Flat in ten healthy and twelve OA subjects during treadmill gait. Regression analyses were performed to evaluate the correlation of the contact point locations, knee adduction moment (KAM), knee flexion moment (KFM), frontal plane alignment, and gait speed with the Fmed and Flat. Medial contact point locations in the medial–lateral direction showed a poor correlation with the Fmed in OA (R2 = 0.13, p = 0.01) and healthy (R2 = 0.24, p = 0.001) subjects. Anterior–posterior location of the contact points also showed a poor correlation with the Fmed of OA subjects (R2 = 0.32, p < 0.001). Across all subjects, KAM and KFM remained the best predictors of the Fmed and Flat, respectively (R2 between 0.62 and 0.69). Results suggest different mechanisms of contact force distribution in OA joints. The variations in the location of the contact points participate partially to explains the Fmed variations in OA subjects together with the KFM and KAM.
Perspectives and design considerations of capillary-driven artificial trees for fast dewatering processes
Authors: Lee Jongho 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRecent progresses on nanocapillary-driven water transport under metastable conditions have substantiated the potential of artificial trees for dewatering applications in a wide pressure range. This paper presents a comprehensive performance analysis of artificial trees encompassing the principle for negative capillary pressure generation; impacts of structural, compositional, and environmental conditions on dewatering performance; and design considerations. It begins by delineating functionalities of artificial trees for evaporation (leaves), conduction (xylem), and filtration (root) of water, in the analogy to natural trees. The analysis revealed that the magnitude of (negative) capillary pressure in the artificial leaves and xylem must be sufficiently large to overcome the osmotic pressure of feed at the root. The required magnitude can be reduced by increasing the osmotic pressure in the artificial xylem conduits, which reduces the risk of cavitation and subsequent blockage of water transport. However, a severe concentration polarization that can occur in long xylem conduits would negate such compensation effect of xylem osmotic pressure, leading to vapor pressure depression at the artificial leaves and therefore reduced dewatering rates. Enhanced Taylor dispersions by increasing xylem conduit diameters are found to alleviate the concentration polarization, allowing for water flux enhancement directly by increasing leaf-to-root membrane area ratio.
CAPS1 is involved in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and hippocampus-associated learning
Authors: Ishii Chiaki , Shibano Natsumi , Yamazaki Mio , Arima Tomoki , Kato Yuna , Ishii Yuki , Shinoda Yo , Fukazawa Yugo , Sadakata Tetsushi , Sano Yoshitake , Furuichi Teiichi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCalcium-dependent activator protein for secretion 1 (CAPS1) is a key molecule in vesicular exocytosis, probably in the priming step. However, CAPS1’s role in synaptic plasticity and brain function is elusive. Herein, we showed that synaptic plasticity and learning behavior were impaired in forebrain and/or hippocampus-specific Caps1 conditional knockout (cKO) mice by means of molecular, physiological, and behavioral analyses. Neonatal Caps1 cKO mice showed a decrease in the number of docked vesicles in the hippocampal CA3 region, with no detectable changes in the distribution of other major exocytosis-related molecules. Additionally, long-term potentiation (LTP) was partially and severely impaired in the CA1 and CA3 regions, respectively. CA1 LTP was reinforced by repeated high-frequency stimuli, whereas CA3 LTP was completely abolished. Accordingly, hippocampus-associated learning was severely impaired in adeno-associated virus (AAV) infection-mediated postnatal Caps1 cKO mice. Collectively, our findings suggest that CAPS1 is a key protein involved in the cellular mechanisms underlying hippocampal synaptic release and plasticity, which is crucial for hippocampus-associated learning.