bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment patterns and clinical outcomes among patients <65 years with a worsening heart failure event
Authors: Butler Javed , Yang Mei , Sawhney Baanie , Chakladar Sreya , Yang Lingfeng , Djatche Laurence M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsData regarding patients with chronic heart failure (HF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) following a worsening HF event (WHFE) are largely driven by findings from elderly patients. Younger patients are not well studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate treatment patterns and clinical outcomes in commercially insured chronic HFrEF patients <65 years old during 1‐year periods before and after a WHFE.Methods and resultsA retrospective claims analysis was performed using the IBM® MarketScan® Commercial Database on HFrEF patients aged <65 years during the year before and after a WHFE, defined as HF hospitalization or outpatient intravenous diuretic use. Treatment patterns, rehospitalizations, health care resource utilization, and costs were assessed. A total of 4460 HFrEF patients with WHFE were included. Guideline‐recommended HF therapy was initially underutilized, increased pre‐WHFE, and peaked 0–3 months post‐WHFE. The proportions of patients using dual and triple therapy were 31.5% and 9.8% pre‐WHFE, 41.5% and 17.4% 0–3 months post‐WHFE, and 34.6% and 13.9% 10–12 months post‐WHFE, respectively. Within 30 and 90 days after a WHFE, 12% and 23% of patients had HF‐related and 16% and 30% had all‐cause rehospitalizations, respectively. HF‐related and all‐cause hospitalizations and outpatient visits peaked 0–3 months post‐WHFE, whereas emergency department visits peaked 0–3 months pre‐WHFE.ConclusionsUse of HF medications increased pre‐WHFE but decreased post‐WHFE, despite recurrent hospitalizations. These findings suggest that age and insurance status may not totally explain the suboptimal treatment of HFrEF patients before and after a WHFE. Reasons for these trends need further study.
Concentration‐dependent clinical and prognostic importance of high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T in heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction and the influence of empagliflozin: the EMPEROR‐Reduced trial
Authors: Packer Milton , Januzzi James L. , Ferreira Joao Pedro , Anker Stefan D. , Butler Javed , Filippatos Gerasimos , Pocock Stuart J. , Brueckmann Martina , Jamal Waheed , Cotton Daniel , Iwata Tomoko , Zannad Faiez ,   for the EMPEROR‐Reduced Trial Committees and Investigators
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsCirculating troponin is an important measure of risk in patients with heart failure, but it has not been used to determine if disease severity influences the responses to drug treatments in randomized controlled trials.Methods and resultsIn the EMPEROR‐Reduced trial, patients with class II–IV heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction were randomly assigned to placebo or empagliflozin 10 mg daily and followed for the occurrence of serious heart failure and renal events. High‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs‐cTnT) was measured in 3636 patients (>97%) at baseline, and patients were divided into four groups based on the degree of troponin elevation. With increasing concentrations of hs‐cTnT, patients were progressively more likely to have diabetes and atrial fibrillation, to have New York Heart Association class III–IV symptoms and been hospitalized for heart failure within the prior year, and to have elevated levels of natriuretic peptides and worse renal function (P‐trend < 0.0001 for all comparisons), but importantly, the troponin groups did not differ with respect to ejection fraction. A linear relationship was observed between the logarithm of hs‐cTnT and the combined risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure (P = 0.0015). When treated with placebo, patients with the highest levels of hs‐cTnT had risks of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure that were 3–5 fold greater than those with values in the normal range. Patients with higher levels of hs‐cTnT were also more likely to experience worsening of renal function and serious adverse renal events and showed the least improvement in health status (as measured by the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire). When compared with placebo, empagliflozin reduced the combined risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure, regardless of the baseline level of hs‐cTnT, whether the effects of treatment were analysed as hazard ratios or absolute risk reductions.ConclusionsElevations in hs‐cTnT reflect the clinical severity, stability and prognosis of patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction, with biomarkers, comorbidities, clinical course and risks that are proportional to the magnitude of hs‐cTnT elevation. Empagliflozin exerted favourable effects on heart failure and renal outcomes, regardless of the baseline concentration of hs‐cTnT.
Conjunctive use of green and blue water resources in agriculture: Methodology and application for supplemental irrigation*
Authors: Hessari Behzad , Oweis Theib 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSupplemental irrigation (SI) ensures an efficient conjunctive use of green and blue water resources in dryland cropping by alleviating the negative impacts of precipitation shortages and drought spells on plant growth and production. The management of SI at the field level is well documented but little is known about planning at basin scale. This work uses a geographic information system‐based modelling approach together with suitability criteria to identify potential areas for expanding SI at scale. A spatial water allocation algorithm is developed to model SI water allocation using data layers consisting of climate surfaces, classified land‐use maps, and a digital elevation model. Areas are prioritized stepwise, according to land suitability, until the available water is fully utilized.The analysis was applied in a watershed in western Iran. The analysis revealed that, with SI, available water resources in the winter season can supplementally irrigate a new land area of about 2,900 ha, about twice the area conventionally irrigated in the dry season. However, adopting a deficit SI strategy allows irrigation of additional 3,220 ha, more than double of the current water allocation efficiency. The approach can be applied in any rainfed area with available water without major modifications, but further analysis is needed to evaluate its economics at scale.
Challenges in scale‐up of electrochemical CO2 reduction to formate integrated with product extraction using electrodialysis
Authors: Kaur Amandeep , Kim Bongkyu , Dinsdale Richard , Guwy Alan , Yu Eileen , Premier Giuliano 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe concept of carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion to formate has attracted increasing interest in recent years and various small‐scale studies are present in the literature. However, upscaling of electrochemical CO2 reduction comes with many challenges and there are very few reports available on it. In this study, we present a scalable three‐chamber reactor system for electrochemical CO2 reduction to formate, a precursor suitable for the production of fuels, pharmaceuticals and fertilizers and its extraction as pure formic acid by electrodialysis.RESULTSThe reactor produced 11.7 g L–1 formic acid in 6 h, i.e. 1.95 g L–1 h–1 at −1.8 V applied potential, 5 mol L–1 KOH as an electrolyte, GDE (gas diffusion electrode) cathode with SnO2 catalyst and Nafion™ 200 membrane. The maximum Faradaic efficiency achieved was 38%. In addition, recovery of the formate is equally important as its production for use as feedstock to form chemicals. We therefore also investigated the extraction of formic acid through conventional electrodialysis (CED) and bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED). The formic acid was extracted with 88% recovery using CED and 46% with BMED. Furthermore, BMED resulted in recovery of >95% K+ as base and 12 L pure CO2 for possible recycling to the electrochemical cell.CONCLUSIONWe consider this study to provide essential empirical evidence on factors influencing the scale‐up and subsequent performance of a liquid electrolyte‐based electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) system to formate and its extraction at scale. However, optimized systems and operating strategies still need further investigation, and constituent materials, particularly in terms of membranes and cathode catalyst, need to be developed. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Synthesis, characterization, and biological activities of some novel thienylpyrido[3′,2′:4,5]thieno[3,2‐d]pyrimidines and related heterocycles
Authors: Abuelhassan Suzan , Bakhite Etify A.‐G. , Abdel‐Rahman Abdu E. , El‐Mahdy Ahmed F. M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract3‐Cyano‐5‐ethoxycarbonyl‐6‐methyl‐4‐(2′‐thienyl)‐pyridine‐2(1H)‐thione (1) is synthesized and reacted with chloroacetamide or chloroacetonitrile to give 3‐amino‐5‐ethoxycarbonyl‐6‐methyl‐4(2′‐thienyl)‐thieno[2,3‐b]pyridine‐2‐carboxamide 3a or its 2‐carbonitrile analog 3b, respectively. Cyclocondensation of 3a with triethylorthoformate produced the corresponding pyridothienopyrimidineone 4, which on heating with phosphorus oxychloride gave 4‐chloropyrimidine derivative 5. Compound 5 was used as key intermediate for synthesizing compounds 6, 9, 10, 11, and 12 upon treatment with some nucleophilic reagents such as thiourea, 5‐phenyl‐s‐triazole‐3(1H)‐thione, piperidine, morpholine, or hydrazine hydrate, respectively. Reaction of pyridothienopyrimidinethione 6 with N‐(4‐tolyl)‐2‐chloroacetamide or ethyl bromoacetate afforded the corresponding S‐substituted methylsulfanylpyrimidines 7 or 8. The condensation of 3b with triethylorthoformate gave azomethine derivative 13, which was reacted with hydrazine hydrate to give ethyl 3‐amino‐3,4‐dihydro‐4‐imino‐7‐methyl‐9‐(2′‐thienyl)pyrido[3′,2′:4,5]thieno[3,2‐d]pyrimidine‐8‐carboxylate (14). Compounds 12 and 14 were used as precursors for synthesizing other new thienylpyridothienopyrimidines as well as isomeric thienyl‐s‐triazolopyridothieno‐ pyrimidines. All synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental and spectral analyses such as IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. In addition, majority of synthesized compounds were tested for their antifungal activity against five strains of fungi. Moreover, compounds 3a, 5, 6, 8, and 22 were screened for their anticancer activity against HEPG‐2 and MCF‐7 cell lines.
Synthesis of novel benzo naphtho naphthyridines from 2,4‐dicloroquinolines
Authors: Kolandaivel Prabha , Rajendran Satheeshkumar , Karnam Jayarampillai Rajendra Prasad 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA schematic study on the condensation of 2,4‐dichloroquinolines (1) with 1‐naphthyamine (2) in the presence of CuI as a catalyst to functionalized mono (3) and di (4) substituted naphthylamino quinolines was described. Consequently, these mono‐ and di‐substituted amines on polyphosphoric acid‐catalyzed cyclization reaction with p‐toluic acid and acetic acid to yield the linear benzo[b]naphtho[2,1‐g][1,8]naphthyridines (5) and angular benzo[b]naphtho[2,1‐h] naphthyridines (6) in good yields. In addition to descried the similar synthesis of benzo[g]naphtho [2,1‐b][1,8]naphthyridines (12) and benzo[h]naphtho[2,1‐g][1,8]naphthyridines (13) from 2,4‐dichlorobenzo[h]quinoline (8) with various anilines (9) through my intermediates (10 and 11).
3‐Aminothieno[2,3‐b]pyridine‐2‐carboxylate: Effective precursor for microwave‐assisted three components synthesis of new pyrido[3′,2′:4,5]thieno[3,2‐d]pyrimidin‐4(3H)‐one hybrids
Authors: Mohamed Teleb Mohamed A. , Mekky Ahmed E. M. , Sanad Sherif M. H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this study, ethyl 3‐aminothieno[2,3‐b]pyridine‐2‐carboxylate was taken as a versatile precursor for the one‐pot three‐component synthesis of related fused pyrimidine hybrids. The tandem protocol involved the reaction of 3‐aminothieno[2,3‐b]pyridine, dimethylformamide‐dimethylacetal, and amines. The reaction afforded a new series of the target pyrimidine hybrids, linked to different arene units, in good to excellent yields. The prior reaction was evaluated in different solvents under traditional heating or microwave irradiation. Moreover, the influence of reaction temperature was also examined. The optimal conditions were obtained under microwave irradiation in dioxane at 110°C for 40 to 60 min. Additionally, by repeating the previous tandem reaction using the appropriate amines at reaction times of 20 to 60 min, a new series of pyrimidine hybrids linked to alkyl, arylthiazole, and benzo[d]thiazole units has been prepared in good to excellent yields. Furthermore, the utility of bis(amines) was examined to conduct the synthesis of new bis(pyrimidine) hybrids linked to aliphatic cores, in excellent yields, using the same protocol at 30 min reaction time.
Performance analysis of Z‐shaped gate dielectric modulated (DM) tunnel field‐effect transistor‐(TFET) based biosensor with extended horizontal N+ pocket
Authors: Reddy N. Nagendra , Panda Deepak Kumar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a Z‐shaped gate dielectric modulated (DM) tunnel field‐effect transistor‐(TFET) based biosensor with extended horizontal n+ pocket in the source region is proposed and different performances were investigated. Effective structural modification has been done by considering the filed induced quantum confinements effects to enhance the various performances of the device in terms of ON current (Ion) and threshold voltage. The horizontal pocket beneath the source region of the ZHP‐DM‐TFET biosensor enables the vertical tunneling besides the lateral tunneling which leads to enhancement of device performance in terms of short channel effects, low OFF the current. A comparative study is also carried with existing biosensors and it is observed that the ZHP‐DM‐TFET biosensor shows superiority over the other biosensors due to its irregular arrangement of the gate and the horizontal n+ pocket provides. The sensitivity analysis of the device was further investigated by varying the dielectric constant of the biomolecules inside the nanocavity for the value from K = 1 to K = 10. The ZHP‐DM‐TFET biosensor shows a significant improvement in threshold voltage sensitivity 20% (k = 2), 35%(K = 4) and a 102 improvement in Ion/Ioff ratio. The impact of the thickness of the n+ pocket (pocket) over the sensitivity of the biosensor is also investigated.
Exploring the eudaimonic game experience through purchasing functional and nonfunctional items in MMORPGs
Authors: Wang Weisha , Hang Haiming 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe consumption of virtual items and other forms of in‐game content is rapidly increasing in the Massively Multiple Player Online Role‐Playing Games market. While psychological need satisfaction obtained through purchasing virtual items to achieve hedonic game experience remains at the center of the debate, most of these studies neglect the eudaimonic game experience and do not differentiate between the psychological experiences from functional items and nonfunctional items. Our research employs the eudaimonic game experience perspective to explore the psychological need satisfaction individuals achieve through purchasing functional and nonfunctional items. From interviews with 25 players, a novel finding is that, while competence, autonomy, relatedness, and purpose in life contribute to one's eudaimonic game experience, each psychological need has its own unique dimensions for different virtual product types. Competence and purpose in life are needs driven by two factors: inner‐directed consumption intention, emphasizing aspiration for authenticity and personal growth; and other‐directed consumption intention, focusing on motivations that elicit, for example, positive responses from others and receiving social awards. Such results are only apparent for functional items but not for nonfunctional items. In contrast, autonomy and relatedness are needs explained by one's inner‐directed consumption intention, across both product types.
Sub‐ppm sulfur dioxide detection using MoS2 modified multi‐wall carbon nanotubes at room temperature
Authors: Jha Ravindra Kumar , Nanda Aman , Bhat Navakanta 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSulfur dioxide (SO2) is highly toxic to environment and has an adverse effect on a living being. In this report, a chemiresistive SO2 gas sensor based on carboxylic‐acid functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes/molybdenum disulfide nanocomposite sensing film is reported. The receptor film was characterized with various morphological, microstructural, and compositional tools such as transmission electron microscope, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The systematic investigation of gas sensing with this film suggests its selectivity towards SO2 gas with an absolute response of 0.22‐1.81% in the concentration range of 500ppb–3 ppm. The room temperature operation of the device at a low biasing voltage (i.e., 100 mV) makes the device energy efficient. Response and recovery time of the device were found to be of the order of tens of seconds without applying any external stimuli. A plausible sensing mechanism is proposed based on active sites present in the nanocomposite is also proposed.
Experiences of quality of life in people with Multiple Sclerosis who are in a wheelchair
Authors: Løkkeberg Stine Torp , Thoresen Gunnar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimThe study includes health‐related quality of life for people in Norway with multiple sclerosis who live at home and are in a wheelchair (N = 6). The purpose is to show how they experience living with a chronic disease such as MS and how they perceive their own situation. How they value their own health and what leads to positive consequences is central to this study.DesignThe study has a qualitative design to show what health‐related experiences they had while living with MS.MethodThe interviews were conducted in their home and later transcribed. An interview guide with open‐ended questions was used. The transcribed material was analysed with a thematic analysis.ResultsKey themes were being free and independent, threat to the self and one's identity, and adaptation to MS. Free and independent in everyday life was essential for all the informants. Being dependent on others for basic needs was something they sought to avoid. Adapting to the new situation of changing roles was a challenge that required a lot of them.
Data‐driven personalization of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for caffeine: A systematic assessment
Authors: Fendt Rebekka , Hofmann Ute , Schneider Annika R. P. , Schaeffeler Elke , Burghaus Rolf , Yilmaz Ali , Blank Lars Mathias , Kerb Reinhold , Lippert Jörg , Schlender Jan‐Frederik , Schwab Matthias , Kuepfer Lars 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPhysiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models have been proposed as a tool for more accurate individual pharmacokinetic (PK) predictions and model‐informed precision dosing, but their application in clinical practice is still rare. This study systematically assesses the benefit of using individual patient information to improve PK predictions. A PBPK model of caffeine was stepwise personalized by using individual data on (1) demography, (2) physiology, and (3) cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 phenotype of 48 healthy volunteers participating in a single‐dose clinical study. Model performance was benchmarked against a caffeine base model simulated with parameters of an average individual. In the first step, virtual twins were generated based on the study subjects' demography (height, weight, age, sex), which implicated the rescaling of average organ volumes and blood flows. The accuracy of PK simulations improved compared with the base model. The percentage of predictions within 0.8‐fold to 1.25‐fold of the observed values increased from 45.8% (base model) to 57.8% (Step 1). However, setting physiological parameters (liver blood flow determined by magnetic resonance imaging, glomerular filtration rate, hematocrit) to measured values in the second step did not further improve the simulation result (59.1% in the 1.25‐fold range). In the third step, virtual twins matching individual demography, physiology, and CYP1A2 activity considerably improved the simulation results. The percentage of data within the 1.25‐fold range was 66.15%. This case study shows that individual PK profiles can be predicted more accurately by considering individual attributes and that personalized PBPK models could be a valuable tool for model‐informed precision dosing approaches in the future.
Reinforcement of polylactic acid with bioceramics (alumina and YSZ composites) and their thermomechanical and physical properties for biomedical application
Authors: Choudhary Neha , Sharma Varun , Kumar Pradeep 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is one of the most popular Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques widely used in different fields, including the medical sector. FDM uses different thermoplastic polymers to fabricate the desired shapes. However, there is a need to enhance the mechanical properties of neat biopolymers with the help of reinforcements that can be used in medical applications. This work investigates the thermomechanical, physical, and biological properties of PLA‐based composites fabricated using FDM. PLA‐based bio‐ceramics (Al2O3 and Yttria Stabilized Zirconia [YSZ]) filaments have been used to prepare tensile, compression, and flexural specimens. Scanning electron microscopy has been performed to reveal the fracture characteristics of the composite specimens. Besides this, the feasibility of the polymer composite for biomaterial applications has also been analyzed. The results show that PLA/Al2O3 has 30.44, 55.2, and 83.73 MPa tensile, compressive, and flexural strength, respectively. The present study also shows that the reinforcement of PLA with bioceramics also led to a reduction in wear and Coefficient Of Friction (COF) at varying loads.
Care improves self-reported daily functioning of adolescents with emotional and behavioural problems
Authors: Verhage Vera , Reijneveld Sijmen. A. , Wunderink Charlotte , Grietens Hans , Almansa Josue , Jansen Danielle E. M. C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEmotional and behavioural problems (EBP) have a negative impact on various life domains of adolescents. Receiving care for EBP may improve the functioning of adolescents with EBP, but evidence on long-term outcomes in real-life settings is lacking. We, therefore, investigated self-reported functioning in different life domains of adolescents with various EBP, and the role of care during a three-year period. We used data from the TAKECARE study, which consist of a care and community cohort. We followed adolescents aged 12 and over (n = 733) during 3 years over five assessment rounds. Using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, self-reported functioning was measured in four life domains: home life, friendships, classroom learning and leisure activities. We categorized the respondents into four groups: (1) adolescents without emotional and behavioural problems (n = 298); (2) adolescents with emotional problems (n = 192); (3) adolescents with behavioural problems (n = 80); and (4) adolescents with both emotional and behavioural problems (n = 163). The development of functioning over time was analyzed using longitudinal ordinal (probit) regression analyses. Adolescents with both emotional and behavioural problems reported poorer functioning at baseline in all domains and adolescents who received care reported poorer functioning at baseline compared to adolescents who did not receive care. Regarding the change in functioning during the 3 years, adolescents who received care showed improved functioning in all domains. We found improved functioning after care, even if the problems may not have been solved. Psychosocial care can contribute to the functioning of adolescents with EBP, which can have major effects on their future life.