bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LDCT Screening in Smokers in India—A Pilot, Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Parang Sanghavi , Bhavin Jankharia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Aim The aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of low dose CT scan (LDCT) to pick up nodules and carcinomas in smokers in India.
Methods A retrospective study of 350 smokers scanned with LDCT was performed in a private practice center in Mumbai, India. Their demographic profile, smoking history in pack-years, lung nodules, and associated findings/superimposed complications were recorded and analyzed. The nodules were assigned the appropriate Lung-RADS category and results of the patients undergoing biopsy were recorded.
Results Of the 350 smokers, 15 (4%) were women . The mean age was 61 years (32–90 years) with a mean smoking history of 22 pack-years (1–160 pack-years). Lung nodules were found in 335 (93%) smokers, with Lung-RADS category 1 nodules seen in 117 (36%), category 2 in 133 (41%), category 3 in 29 (9%), and category 4 in 46 (14%) of positive scans. Seven of the category 4 patients who underwent biopsy showed carcinoma, with a mean smoking history of 30 pack years. Superimposed interstitial lung disease, airways diseases, and infections were also seen in the scans and recorded.
Discussion It has been proven in the Western world that screening for lung cancer with LDCT saves lives with early pick-up of malignant nodules. This pilot study from India, shows that even in a tuberculosis endemic country, LDCT picks up malignant lung nodules early and saves lives.
Conclusion Smokers with a more than 20 pack years history have a higher incidence of lung nodules, which may represent carcinoma, in a tuberculosis endemic country like India, as has been proven in other countries in the Western world. Larger studies and trials may be performed to elaborate further on this proof-of-concept study.
The Association between the Extent of Late Gadolinium Enhancement and Diastolic Dysfunction in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Alis Deniz , Guler Arda , Asmakutlu Ozan , Topel Cagdas , Sahin Ahmet A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background Diastolic dysfunction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients is a frequent, yet poorly understood phenomenon.
Purpose The purpose of this study is to assess the relationship between the myocardial fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction in patients with HCM.
Materials and Methods We retrospectively investigated the impact of the myocardial fibrosis, as assessed by the extent of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE-%) on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI), on diastolic dysfunction in 110 patients with HCM. The diastolic dysfunction was evaluated by the left atrial (LA) volume index measured on CMRI and lateral septal E/E′ ratio calculated on echocardiography.
Results : There was a moderate correlation between the LGE-% and LA volume (r = 0.59, p < 0.0001). The logistic regression model of LGE-%, mitral regurgitation, and total left ventricular mass that investigated the independent predictors of LA volume identified LGE-% as the only independent parameter associated with the LA volume index (β = 0.30, p = 0.003). No correlation was observed between the LGE-% and E/E′(r = 0.24, p = 0.009).
Conclusions Myocardial fibrosis in HCM patients is associated with a chronic diastolic burden as represented by increased LA volume. However, the fibrosis does not influence the E/E′ ratio, which is a well-known parameter of ventricular relaxation, restoring forces, and filling pressure.
Hydrogen Peroxide Poisoning—A Rare Cause of Portal Venous Gas
Authors: Rohith Gorrepati , Rajesh B. S. , Archana Elangovan , Srinivasan K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHydrogen peroxide is a clear and odorless liquid at room temperature that can easily be mistaken for water. Its ingestion results in varied clinical and radiological squeals depending on the volume and concentration of the liquid. We present a case of a 22-year-old lady who accidentally ingested 30 to 40 mL of 3% hydrogen peroxide and presented with hematemesis and abdominal pain. On further radiological evaluation, she was found to have portal venous gas and pneumatosis of the bowel wall. She was conservatively managed with 100% oxygen and nil per os for 2 days following which the portal venous gas resolved. Hydrogen peroxide ingestion causes a massive release of oxygen and when its volume exceeds its solubility in blood, gas embolism occurs that is responsible for portal venous gas and pneumatosis. Close monitoring with conservative management will suffice in mild cases without the need for any therapeutic intervention.
Correlation between Chondromalacia Patella and Patellofemoral Factors in Middle-Age Population: A Clinical, Functional, and Radiological Analysis
Authors: Kaur Rashmeet , Dahuja Anshul , Kaur Chandanpreet , Singh Jagdeep , Singh Paramdeep , Shyam Radhe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground Despite higher incidence of patellofemoral pain (PFP) and consequently morbidity, the understanding about PF factors leading to PF arthritis is way lacking.Material and Methods A prospective study of first 80 patients who were diagnosed with chondromalacia patella (CMP) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) divided into early and late CMP groups were evaluated clinically, radiologically, and in terms of functional outcome.Results : Quadriceps angle, Clark’s test, and Insall–Salvati ratio results were nonsignificant despite greater values were observed in late CMP group, whereas trochlear morphology results (sulcus angle: 153:138 degrees and sulcus depth 3.9:5.4 mm) and clinical scores were significant in late CMP group (Kujala’s score: 61:78, whereas PF pain score: 43:25). Type-C patellar morphology was found in greater number in late CMP cohort.Conclusion Trochlear and patellar morphologies along with clinical scores play a key role in understanding of the CMP.
Assessment of Cerebrospinal Fluid Hydrodynamics Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Postcraniospinal Surgery Patients
Authors: Arora Pankaj , Rawat Kanica , Azad Rajiv , Chouhan Kehkashan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective Aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of craniospinal interventions on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow hydrodynamics and study the correlation of postoperative changes in flow alteration with clinical outcome.
Materials and Methods Fifty patients who underwent various craniospinal procedures were studied using conventional and phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PCMRI) protocol. CSF flow quantification was performed at cerebral aqueduct, foramen magnum, C2–3, and D12–L1 vertebral levels with site showing maximal alteration of CSF flow dynamics considered as the region of interest. Velocity encoding was kept at 20 cm/s. Patients with pathology atcraniovertebral junction were considered separately (group I) from others (group II) due to different flow dynamics. Follow-up scans were performed after an interval of 1 month for temporal evaluation of changes in CSF flow dynamics.
Results Patients in both groups showed a significant change in peak CSF velocity postoperatively (mean change of 1.34 cm/s in group I and 0.28 cm/s in group II) with bidirectional improvement in flow on cine-phase-contrast qualitative images. Regional pain (82%) and headache (46%) were seen in most of the patients preoperatively. Postoperatively clinical symptoms improved in 59.5%, static in 26.2%, and worsened in 14.3%. In both the groups, an improvement in clinical symptomatology had significant correlation with mean changes in peak CSF velocity postoperatively (p = 0.04 in both groups).
Conclusion PCMRI can effectively evaluate changes in CSF flow noninvasively both pre- and postoperatively. This may have potential role in determining clinical outcome and prognosis of patients undergoing procedures in craniospinal axis.
Onsite Computed Tomography Fractional Flow Reserve in Patients with Suspected Stable Coronary Artery Disease Initial Experience
Authors: Kapoor Atul , Mahajan Goldaa , Kapoor Aprajita 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction Computed tomographic coronary angiographic (CTCA) has evolved into a robust technique to detect significant stenosis; however, there is a discordance in the anatomic and functional significance of stenosis. Therefore, patients with stable coronary artery disease need to be further evaluated before deciding for any revascularization procedure.
Material and Methods A total of 100 consecutive patients of suspected stable coronary artery disease who underwent CTCA were evaluated for functional significance of lesions using onsite computed tomography fractional flow reserve (CTFFR) and the results were compared for detection of both significant and hemodynamically significant/severe stenosis on per vessel and per patient basis and differences were statistically analyzed. Impact of these differences were analyzed for the final outcome and management plan.
Results CTCA detected 33 patients with severe stenosis, while 54 patients had hemodynamically significant stenosis on CTFFR. The sensitivity and specificity of CTCA for the detection of significant coronary artery stenosis per vessel basis were 97.7 and 93.3%, respectively, with a negative predictive value of 98.0%. For severe coronary artery stenosis, sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values were 51.6, 89, 68.8, and 80%, respectively, on per vessel basis with CTCA. On per patient basis, CTCA showed as sensitivity and specificity of 61 and 84%, respectively, with area under curve (AUC) being 0.92 and 0.67 for significant and severe stenosis, respectively.
Discussion Onsite CTFFR is a useful tool to calculate functionally significant stenosis and also improves the sensitivity and specificity of CTCA. CTFFR detected 12% more stenotic vessels in the present study on per vessel basis and 21% on per patient basis.
Temporal boundaries in electromagnetic materials
Authors: Gratus Jonathan , Seviour Rebecca , Kinsler Paul , Jaroszynski Dino A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Temporally modulated optical media are important in both abstract and applied situations, such as spacetime transformation optics, relativistic laser–plasma interactions, and dynamic metamaterials. Here we investigate the behaviour of temporal boundaries, and show that traditional approaches that assume constant dielectric properties, with loss incorporated as an imaginary part, necessarily lead to unphysical solutions. Furthermore, although physically reasonable predictions can be recovered with a narrowband approximation, we show that appropriate models should use materials with a temporal response and dispersive behaviour.
Ultra-low V
pp and high-modulation-depth InP-based electro–optic microring modulator
Authors: Liu Dapeng , Tang Jian , Meng Yao , Li Wei , Zhu Ninghua , Li Ming 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A modulator is an essential building block in the integrated photonics, connecting the electrical with optical signals. The microring modulator gains much attention because of the small footprint, low drive voltage and high extinction ratio. An ultra-low V
pp and high-modulation-depth indium phosphide-based racetrack microring modulator is demonstrated in this paper. The proposed device mainly comprises one racetrack microring, incorporating a semiconductor amplifier, and coupling with a bus waveguide through a multimode interference coupler. Traveling wave electrodes are employed to supply bidirectional bias ports, terminating with a 50-Ω impedance. The on/off extinction ratio of the microring reaches 43.3 dB due to the delicately tuning of the gain. An 11 mV V
pp, a maximum 42.5 dB modulation depth and a 6.6 GHz bandwidth are realized, respectively. This proposed microring modulator could enrich the functionalities and designability of the fundamental integrated devices.
Structuro-functional surrogates of response to subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation for depression
Authors: Elias Gavin J B , Germann Jürgen , Boutet Alexandre , Pancholi Aditya , Beyn Michelle E , Bhatia Kartik , Neudorfer Clemens , Loh Aaron , Rizvi Sakina J , Bhat Venkat , Giacobbe Peter , Woodside D Blake , Kennedy Sidney H , Lozano Andres M 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSubcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation produces long-term clinical improvement in approximately half of patients with severe treatment-resistant depression. We hypothesized that both structural and functional brain attributes may be important in determining responsiveness to this therapy.In a treatment-resistant depression subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation cohort, we retrospectively examined baseline and longitudinal differences in MRI-derived brain volume (n = 65) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET glucose metabolism (n = 21) between responders and non-responders. Support vector machines were subsequently trained to classify patients’ response status based on extracted baseline imaging features. A machine learning model incorporating preoperative frontopolar, precentral/frontal opercular and orbitofrontal local volume values classified binary response status (12 months) with 83% accuracy [leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV): 80% accuracy] and explained 32% of the variance in continuous clinical improvement. It was also predictive in an out-of-sample subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation cohort (n = 21) with differing primary indications (bipolar disorder/anorexia nervosa; 76% accuracy). Adding preoperative glucose metabolism information from rostral anterior cingulate cortex and temporal pole improved model performance, enabling it to predict response status in the treatment-resistant depression cohort with 86% accuracy (LOOCV: 81% accuracy) and explain 67% of clinical variance. Response-related patterns of metabolic and structural post-deep brain stimulation change were also observed, especially in anterior cingulate cortex and neighbouring white matter. Areas where responders differed from non-responders—both at baseline and longitudinally—largely overlapped with depression-implicated white matter tracts, namely uncinate fasciculus, cingulum bundle and forceps minor/rostrum of corpus callosum. The extent of patient-specific engagement of these same tracts (according to electrode location and stimulation parameters) also served as an independent predictor of treatment-resistant depression response status (72% accuracy; LOOCV: 70% accuracy) and augmented performance of the volume-based (88% accuracy; LOOCV: 82% accuracy) and combined volume/metabolism-based support vector machines (100% accuracy; LOOCV: 94% accuracy).Taken together, these results indicate that responders and non-responders to subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation exhibit differences in brain volume and metabolism, both pre- and post-surgery. Moreover, baseline imaging features predict response to treatment (particularly when combined with information about local tract engagement) and could inform future patient selection and other clinical decisions.
Risk of Healthcare-Associated Transmission of Sever Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Hospitalized Cancer Patients
Authors: Chow Karin , Aslam Anoshé , McClure Tara , Singh Jessica , Burns Jacquelyn , McMillen Tracy , Jani Krupa , Lucca Anabella , Bubb Tania , Robilotti Elizabeth V , Babady N Esther , Kamboj Mini 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited information on the risk of hospital-acquired coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among high-risk hospitalized patients after exposure to an infected patient or healthcare worker (HCW) in a nonoutbreak setting.MethodsThis study was conducted at a tertiary care cancer center in New York City from 10 March 2020 until 28 February 2021. In early April 2020, the study institution implemented universal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing at admission and retesting every 3 days through the hospital stay. Contact tracing records were reviewed for all exposures to SARS-CoV-2 positive patients and HCWs.ResultsFrom 10 March 2020 to 28 February 2021, 11 348 unique patients who were SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) negative at the time of admission underwent 31 662 postadmission tests during their hospitalization, and 112 tested positive (0.98%). Among these, 49 patients housed in semiprivate rooms during admission resulted in 74 close contacts and 14 secondary infections within 14 days, for an overall attack rate of 18.9%. Among those exposed to a roommate undergoing an aerosol-generating procedure (AGP), the attack rate was 35.7%. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) corroborated transmission in 6/8 evaluated pairs. In addition, three transmission events occurred in 214 patients with significant exposure to 105 COVID-19 positive healthcare workers (1.4%).ConclusionsThe overall risk of hospital-acquired COVID-19 is low for hospitalized cancer patients, even during periods of high community prevalence. However, shared occupancy with an unrecognized case is associated with a high secondary attack rate in exposed roommates.
Nitro-oleic acid reduces thoracic aortic aneurysm progression in a mouse model of Marfan syndrome
Authors: Nettersheim Felix Sebastian , Lemties Julian , Braumann Simon , Geißen Simon , Bokredenghel Senai , Nies Richard , Hof Alexander , Winkels Holger , Freeman Bruce A , Klinke Anna , Rudolph Volker , Baldus Stephan , Mehrkens Dennis , Mollenhauer Martin , Adam Matti 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Aims
Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a connective tissue disorder caused by mutations in the Fibrillin-1 gene. It is associated with formation of thoracic aortic aneurysms that can potentially be a life-threatening condition due to aortic rupture or dissection. Excessive non-canonical transforming growth factor beta signalling, mediated by activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2)-dependent nitric oxide production, have been identified to drive aortic pathology in MFS through induction of elastin fragmentation and smooth muscle cell apoptosis. Despite promising results in animal studies, specific pharmacological interventions approved for clinical use in patients with MFS-related aortic disease are rare. Nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA) is an endogenously generated signalling modulator, which is available as an oral compound and has been shown to inhibit ERK1/2 activation and NOS2 expression in different disease models, thereby exerting promising therapeutic effects. In this study, we investigated whether NO2-OA decreases aortic dilation in MFS.

Methods and results
Eight-week-old MFS (Fbn1C1041G/+) mice were treated with NO2-OA or vehicle for 4 weeks via subcutaneously implanted osmotic minipumps. Echocardiography indicated progressive ascending aortic dilation and wall stiffening in MFS mice, which was significantly attenuated by NO2-OA treatment. This protective effect was mediated by inhibition of aortic ERK1/2, Smad2 as well as nuclear factor kappa B overactivation and consequent attenuation of elastin fragmentation by matrix metalloproteinase 2, apoptosis, and collagen deposition. Critically, the therapeutic efficacy of NO2-OA in MFS was further emphasized by demonstrating its capability to reduce lethal aortic complications in Fbn1C1041G/+ mice challenged with Angiotensin II.

Conclusion
NO2-OA distinctly attenuates progression of aortic dilation in MFS via modulation of well-established disease-mediating pathways, thereby meriting further investigation into its application as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of this condition.
Spray cryotherapy prevents need for palliative stenting in patients with esophageal cancer-associated dysphagia
Authors: Hanada Yuri , Leggett Cadman L , Iyer Prasad G , Linn Bryan , Mangels-Dick Tiffany , Wang Kenneth K 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Dysphagia is the most common symptom in advanced esophageal cancer patients. Esophageal stent placement (SP) is a common palliation method but can be associated with significant morbidity. Limited data exist regarding the ability of spray cryotherapy (SC) prolong time to SP.

Methods
A Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN) patient database was reviewed for cases with a SC indication of esophageal cancer palliation from 2007–2019. Procedures were performed using a liquid nitrogen SC system to apply 2–5 separate 20 second freeze and 60 second thaw cycles based on tumor characteristics. Primary outcome was time to subsequent palliative SP.

Results
Of 56 patients (71.4% male, mean age 77.8 ± 10.2 years) who underwent a total of 199 SC sessions (mean 3.6 ± 2.7, range 1–12 per patient), 41 had adenocarcinoma and 15 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Overall, 13 patients underwent subsequent SP within a mean duration of 15.7 ± 11.0 months over a mean follow-up duration of 25.6 ± 29.4 months. Treatment did produce stenosis in 16 patients, who required dilation within a mean period of 193.1 ± 294.1 days; notably, 10 patients had a history of preceding malignant strictures requiring dilation. Two patients experienced bleeding requiring transfusion, whereas 1 experienced perforation at the start of SC. Prior chemotherapy and/or radiation was not associated with developing an SC-related complication (risk ratio (RR) 1.5; 95% CI 0.6–3.7, P &gt; 0.4).

Conclusions
SC appears to be an effective and safe modality to palliate esophageal cancer in appropriate candidates. Majority of patients who undergo SC avoid the need for future SP. If patients eventually require SP, they are able to, on average, defer stenting for &gt;1 year from SC initiation.
Signs and symptoms of intimate partner violence in women attending primary care in Europe, North America and Australia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Vicard-Olagne Mathilde , Pereira Bruno , Rougé Laure , Cabaillot Aurélie , Vorilhon Philippe , Lazimi Gilles , Laporte Catherine 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a prevalent yet underdiagnosed health issue, and primary care practitioners are in a unique front-line position to provide care and counsel for the victims.

Objective
To identify the signs and symptoms of women exposed to IPV who attended primary care, regardless motive of consultation.

Methods
Systematic review and meta-analysis on Cochrane, PubMed, Embase and CINAHL between 1946 and 2020. Eligible studies had to be original quantitative research, on women aged &gt;15 years, attending primary care settings in Europe, North America and Australia and interviewed on their status as victims of IPV and on their signs and symptoms.

Results
Of 1791 articles identified, 57 were selected. Associations were found between IPV and signs and symptoms of depression [19 studies: overall odds ratio (OR) = 3.59, 95% confidence interval (CI; 2.7–4.7, I2 = 94.6%)], anxiety [9 studies: overall OR = 2.19, 95% CI (1.75–2.73, I2 = 84%)], gynaecological and/or sexually transmitted infections [6 studies: overall OR = 2.82, 95% CI (2.1–3.8, I2 = 41%)] and combination of somatic symptoms [5 studies: standard mean deviation = 0.795, 95% CI (0.62–0.97, I2 = 0%)].

Conclusions
Women exposed to IPV may present with clinical symptoms and signs other than bodily injury. Policy implications knowing these symptoms presented by women victims of IPV can help GPs identify and treat them.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42018089857.