bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum tensor singular value decomposition*
Authors: Wang Xiaoqiang , Gu Lejia , Lee Heung-wing , Zhang Guofeng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Tensors are increasingly ubiquitous in various areas of applied mathematics and computing, and tensor decompositions are of practical significance and benefit many applications in data completion, image processing, computer vision, collaborative filtering, etc. Recently, Kilmer and Martin propose a new tensor factorization strategy, tensor singular value decomposition (t-svd), which extends the matrix singular value decomposition to tensors. However, computing t-svd for high dimensional tensors costs much computation and thus cannot efficiently handle large scale datasets. Motivated by advantage of quantum computation, in this paper, we present a quantum algorithm of t-svd for third-order tensors and then extend it to order-p tensors. We prove that our quantum t-svd algorithm for a third-order N dimensional tensor runs in time

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N
polylog
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N
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if we do not recover classical information from the quantum output state. Moreover, we apply our quantum t-svd algorithm to context-aware multidimensional recommendation systems, where we just need to extract partial classical information from the quantum output state, thus achieving low time complexity.
Few-layer hexagonal boron nitride synthesized by chemical vapor deposition and its insulating properties
Authors: Kondo Daiyu , Kataoka Masako , Hayashi Kenjiro , Sato Shintaro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), which is one of two-dimensional (2D) materials, is expected to be used as supporting and passivation layers for graphene-based devices. However, it is difficult to obtain large-area h-BN by the conventional exfoliation techniques. Here, we performed chemical vapor deposition (CVD) by employing epitaxial metal films as a catalyst to grow few-layer h-BN with a large grain size. The grain sizes of h-BN obtained were found to be a few micrometers or larger. Furthermore, we evaluated insulating properties of few-layer h-BN with conductive atomic force microscopy. Assuming a parallel plate model, a breakdown strength was estimated to be at least 7.5–45.5 MV cm−1, considering variations in h-BN thickness. These values are comparable with that obtained for exfoliated h-BN in a previous study. Considering the scalability and insulating properties, our epitaxially-synthesized h-BN is expected to be used for future graphene devices.
MomentClosure.jl: automated moment closure approximations in Julia
Authors: Sukys Augustinas , Grima Ramon 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Summary
MomentClosure.jl is a Julia package providing automated derivation of the time-evolution equations of the moments of molecule numbers for virtually any chemical reaction network using a wide range of moment closure approximations. It extends the capabilities of modelling stochastic biochemical systems in Julia and can be particularly useful when exact analytic solutions of the chemical master equation are unavailable and when Monte Carlo simulations are computationally expensive.

Availability and implementation
MomentClosure.jl is freely accessible under the MIT licence. Source code and documentation are available at https://github.com/augustinas1/MomentClosure.jl.
Cyclophosphamide-Induced Inflammation of Taste Buds and Cytoprotection by Amifostine
Authors: Sarkar Anish A , Allyn David M , Delay Rona J , Delay Eugene R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Taste buds in the oral cavity have a complex immune system regulating normal functions and inflammatory reactions. Cyclophosphamide (CYP), a chemotherapy drug, has wide-ranging disruptive effects on the taste system including loss of taste function, taste sensory cells, and capacity for taste cell renewal. In bladder epithelium, CYP also induces inflammation. To determine if CYP induces inflammation in taste buds, we used immunohistochemistry to examine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (a proinflammatory cytokine) expression over a 72-hour period. Expression of TNF-α increased in a subset of PLCβ2 labeled (Type II) cells, but not SNAP-25 labeled (Type III) cells, between 8 and 24 h postinjection and declined slowly thereafter. This inflammatory response may play an important role in the disruptive effects of CYP on the taste system. Further, pretreatment with amifostine, a sulfhydryl drug known to protect normal tissues during chemo- or radiation therapy, reduced the amount of CYP-induced TNF-α expression in taste buds, suggesting this drug is capable of protecting normal cells of the taste system from adverse effects of CYP. Amifostine, used as a pretreatment to CYP and possibly other chemotherapy drugs, may offer clinical support for preventing negative side effects of chemotherapy on the taste system.
Treatment Effect Measures for Culture Conversion Endpoints in Phase IIb Tuberculosis Treatment Trials
Authors: Weir Isabelle R , Wasserman Sean 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Phase IIb trials of tuberculosis therapy rely on early biomarkers of treatment effect. Despite limited predictive ability for clinical outcomes, culture conversion, the event in which an individual previously culture positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis yields a negative culture after initiating treatment, is a commonly used endpoint. Lack of consensus on how to define the outcome and corresponding measure of treatment effect complicates interpretation and limits between-trial comparisons. We review common analytic approaches to measuring treatment effect and introduce difference in restricted mean survival times as an alternative to identify faster times to culture conversion and express magnitude of effect on the time scale. Findings from the PanACEA MAMS-TB trial are reanalyzed as an illustrative example. In a systematic review we demonstrate variability in analytic approaches, sampling strategies, and outcome definitions in phase IIb tuberculosis trials. Harmonization would allow for larger meta-analyses and may help expedite advancement of new tuberculosis therapeutics.
Increased risk of eosinophilic esophagitis with poor environmental quality as measured by the Environmental Quality Index
Authors: Nance D , Rappazzo K M , Jensen E T , Hoffman K , Cotton C C , Krajewski A K , Turner K O , Genta R M , Lobdell D T , Dellon E S 
Published: June 2021

Summary
Geographic differences in eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) prevalence suggest the possibility that environmental exposures contribute to EoE pathogenesis. We aimed to examine the association between environmental quality and risk of EoE, using the Environmental Quality Index (EQI), which provides quantification of environmental quality in five domains: air, land, water, built, and sociodemographic for all counties in the United States. To do this, we performed a case–control study in a large pathology database. EoE cases were defined by ≥15 eosinophils per high-power field with other pathologic diagnoses excluded; controls did not have EoE. The pathology data were geocoded and linked with the EQI by county of residence. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratio (OR and 95% confidence interval [CI]) of EoE with overall EQI and for each domain, after adjusting for sex, age, and proportion minority race or ethnicity at the county level (higher EQI score indicates worse environmental quality). Of 29,802 EoE cases and 593,329 controls analyzed, odds of EoE were highest in the worst quintile of EQI (OR 1.25; 95% CI: 1.04–1.50), which was largely explained by poor scores in the water domain (OR: 1.33; 1.17–1.50). Conversely, odds of EoE were reduced with higher scores in the air domain (OR: 0.87, 0.74–1.03) and land domain (OR 0.87; 0.76–0.99). Poor EQI, mostly reflected by poor water quality, was associated with increased odds of EoE, while poor air and land quality were inversely associated with EoE. Additional work to identify specific water pollutants that may have an etiologic role in EoE may be warranted.
What to Do When Everything Happens at Once: Analytic Approaches to Estimate the Health Effects of Co-Occurring Social Policies
Authors: Matthay Ellicott C , Gottlieb Laura M , Rehkopf David , Tan May Lynn , Vlahov David , Glymour M Maria 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Social policies have great potential to improve population health and reduce health disparities. Increasingly, those doing empirical research have sought to quantify the health effects of social policies by exploiting variation in the timing of policy changes across places. Multiple social policies are often adopted simultaneously or in close succession in the same locations, creating co-occurrence that must be handled analytically for valid inferences. Although this is a substantial methodological challenge for researchers aiming to isolate social policy effects, only in a limited number of studies have researchers systematically considered analytic solutions within a causal framework or assessed whether these solutions are being adopted. We designated 7 analytic solutions to policy co-occurrence, including efforts to disentangle individual policy effects and efforts to estimate the combined effects of co-occurring policies. We used an existing systematic review of social policies and health to evaluate how often policy co-occurrence is identified as a threat to validity and how often each analytic solution is applied in practice. Of the 55 studies, only in 17 (31%) did authors report checking for any co-occurring policies, although in 36 studies (67%), at least 1 approach was used that helps address policy co-occurrence. The most common approaches were adjusting for measures of co-occurring policies; defining the outcome on subpopulations likely to be affected by the policy of interest (but not other co-occurring policies); and selecting a less-correlated measure of policy exposure. As health research increasingly focuses on policy changes, we must systematically assess policy co-occurrence and apply analytic solutions to strengthen studies on the health effects of social policies.
Identification of a Novel Locus for Gait Speed Decline With Aging: The Long Life Family Study
Authors: Santanasto Adam J , Wojczynski Mary K , Cvejkus Ryan K , Lin Shiow , Wang Lihua , Thyagarajan Bharat , Christensen Kaare , Schupf Nicole , Feitosa Mary F , An Ping , Zmuda Joseph M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Gait speed is a powerful indicator of health with aging. Potential genetic contributions to gait speed and its decline with aging are not well defined. We determined the heritability of and potential genetic regions underlying change in gait speed using longitudinal data from 2379 individuals belonging to 509 families in the Long Life Family Study (mean age 64 ± 12, range 30–110 years; 45% men).

Methods
Gait speed was measured over 4 m at baseline and follow-up (7 ± 1 years). Quantitative trait linkage analyses were completed using pedigree-based maximum likelihood methods with logarithm of the odds (LOD) scores greater than 3.0, indicating genome-wide significance. We also performed linkage analysis in the top 10% of families contributing to LOD scores to allow for heterogeneity among families (HLOD). Data were adjusted for age, sex, height, and field center.

Results
At baseline, 26.9% of individuals had “slow” gait speed less than 1.0 m/s (mean: 1.1 ± 0.2 m/s) and gait speed declined at a rate of −0.02 ± 0.03 m/s per year (p &lt; .0001). Baseline and change in gait speed were significantly heritable (h2 = 0.24–0.32, p &lt; .05). We did not find significant evidence for linkage for baseline gait speed; however, we identified a significant locus for change in gait speed on chromosome 16p (LOD = 4.2). A subset of 21 families contributed to this linkage peak (HLOD = 6.83). Association analyses on chromosome 16 showed that the strongest variant resides within the ADCY9 gene.

Conclusion
Further analysis of the chromosome 16 region, and ADCY9 gene, may yield new insight on the biology of mobility decline with aging.
Older Adult’s Marital Status, Conversation Frequency, and Well-Being in Everyday Life
Authors: Ng Yee To , Huo Meng , Han Sae Hwang , Birditt Kira S , Fingerman Karen L 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Marital status contributes to differences in social experiences and well-being in late life. Yet, we know little about the role of conversation in these processes. Drawing on a functionalist perspective and hierarchical compensatory model, this study aimed to understand (a) whether older adults’ marital status is associated with conversation frequency throughout the day, (b) whether contacts with nonspousal ties elicit more conversations among unmarried older adults, and (c) whether conversations exert a stronger effect on mood for unmarried older adults than married older adults.

Method
Adults aged 65+ (N = 272) provided information about their background characteristics and social partners. Across 5–6 days, they completed ecological momentary assessments reporting their social encounters and mood every 3 hr. Concurrently, electronically activated recorders captured 30 s of sound every 7 min. We compared older adults who were married, widowed, and divorced.

Results
Multilevel models revealed that married older adults engaged in more conversations than divorced older adults throughout the day. Contact with friends elicited more conversations for divorced older adults than married older adults. Furthermore, conversations enhanced mood throughout the day, but this effect was more salient for widowed than married older adults.

Discussion
Findings highlight the role of marital status in older adults’ daily conversational experiences and compensatory processes that may occur. Widowed and divorced older adults differed from married older adults in distinct ways. Divorced older adults may compensate for lack of spouse with friends, whereas widowed older adults may benefit emotionally from engaging in conversations.
Use of Home Care Services Reduces Care-Related Strain in Long-Distance Caregivers
Authors: Falzarano Francesca B , Cimarolli Verena , Boerner Kathrin , Siedlecki Karen L , Horowitz Amy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPrior work examining the role of older adult home care service use in alleviating strain in family caregivers has resulted in contradictory findings. However, prior research has been entirely limited to caregivers who live within close geographical proximity to their care recipients. Long-distance caregivers are a unique caregiving subgroup that has remained understudied. Guided by the stress process model, this study examined if the association between primary caregiving stressors (the care recipient’s functional and cognitive status) and secondary stressors (perceived role strains related to work and to other family responsibilities) in long-distance caregivers was mediated by the care recipient’s utilization of home care services.Research Design and MethodsThe sample included 166 long-distance caregivers in the United States who provide and manage care to a community-dwelling care recipient living 2 or more hours away. Participants reported on their care recipient’s cognitive and functional status, perceived interference of caregiving with work and other family responsibilities, and the care recipient’s use of home care services.ResultsPath analyses show that home care use by the care recipient fully mediated the association between care recipients’ functional impairment and caregiver strains (work and family). Furthermore, home care use partially mediated the effects of care recipients’ cognitive impairment on caregiver strains.Discussion and ImplicationsResults indicate that the care recipient’s home care service utilization may serve as a protective factor against care-related strain in long-distance caregivers. These findings can be used to inform intervention efforts focused on a family-centered care approach that can be specifically tailored to long-distance caregivers.
Data Processing as an Abuse of Market Power in Multi-Sided Markets – The More Competition-Oriented Approach in the German Federal Supreme Court’s Interim Decision KVR 69/19 – Facebook
Authors: Mackenrodt Mark-Oliver 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The relationship between competition law and data protection law has been a highly controversial issue following the German Competition Authority’s (Bundeskartellamt, hereinafter ‘Competition Authority’) decision with regard to Facebook’s data processing policy. The Competition Authority’s theory of harm was centered around an exploitative abuse of market power through the imposition of a data processing policy which is in conflict with the data protection rules. In the interim court proceedings, the OLG Düsseldorf criticized the Competition Authority’s decision. The German Federal Supreme Court (Bundesgerichtshof, hereinafter ‘Federal Supreme Court’) upheld the Competition Authority’s decision. However, the Federal Supreme Court did not derive the exploitative abuse primarily from a mere violation of data protection law. Instead, the Court referred to the users’ lack of freedom of choice. The Court developed a modified theory of harm by identifying elements of an exploitative abuse but also of an exclusionary abuse. The Court’s line of argument is more competition-oriented and accounts for the particular economic features of multi-sided markets. In this line of reasoning, an actual violation of the data protection rules is not a necessary prerequisite for finding a violation of competition law.
Growth of Quadratic Forms Under Anosov Subgroups
Authors: Carvajales León 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLet $\rho :\Gamma \rightarrow \textrm{PSL}_d({\mathbb{K}})$ be a Zariski dense Borel–Anosov representation for ${\mathbb{K}}$ equal to ${\mathbb{R}}$ or ${\mathbb{C}}$. Let $o$ be a form of signature $(p,d-p)$ on ${\mathbb{K}}^d$ (where $0&lt;p&lt;d)$. Let $\textsf{S}^o$ be the corresponding geodesic copy of the Riemannian symmetric space of $\textrm{PSO}(o)$ inside the Riemannian symmetric space of $\textrm{PSL}_d({\mathbb{K}})$. For certain choices of $o$ and every $t$ large enough, we show exponential bounds for the number of $\gamma \in \Gamma $ for which the distance between $\textsf{S}^o$ and $\rho \gamma \cdot \textsf{S}^o$ is smaller than $t$. Under an extra assumption, satisfied for instance when the boundary of $\Gamma $ is connected, we show an asymptotic as $t\rightarrow \infty $ for the counting function relative to a functional in the interior of the dual limit cone.
Longitudinal Assessment of Diagnostic Test Performance Over the Course of Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Smith Rebecca L , Gibson Laura L , Martinez Pamela P , Ke Ruian , Mirza Agha , Conte Madison , Gallagher Nicholas , Conte Abigail , Wang Leyi , Fredrickson Richard , Edmonson Darci C , Baughman Melinda E , Chiu Karen K , Choi Hannah , Jensen Tor W , Scardina Kevin R , Bradley Shannon , Gloss Stacy L , Reinhart Crystal , Yedetore Jagadeesh , Owens Alyssa N , Broach John , Barton Bruce , Lazar Peter , Henness Darcy , Young Todd , Dunnett Alastair , Robinson Matthew L , Mostafa Heba H , Pekosz Andrew , Manabe Yukari C , Heetderks William J , McManus David D , Brooke Christopher B 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Serial screening is critical for restricting spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by facilitating timely identification of infected individuals to interrupt transmission. Variation in sensitivity of different diagnostic tests at different stages of infection has not been well documented.

Methods
In a longitudinal study of 43 adults newly infected with SARS-CoV-2, all provided daily saliva and nasal swabs for quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Quidel SARS Sofia antigen fluorescent immunoassay (FIA), and live virus culture.

Results
Both RT-qPCR and Quidel SARS Sofia antigen FIA peaked in sensitivity during the period in which live virus was detected in nasal swabs, but sensitivity of RT-qPCR tests rose more rapidly prior to this period. We also found that serial testing multiple times per week increases the sensitivity of antigen tests.

Conclusions
RT-qPCR tests are more effective than antigen tests at identifying infected individuals prior to or early during the infectious period and thus for minimizing forward transmission (given timely results reporting). All tests showed &gt;98% sensitivity for identifying infected individuals if used at least every 3 days. Daily screening using antigen tests can achieve approximately 90% sensitivity for identifying infected individuals while they are viral culture positive.
An in Vitro Study of Constituents Released from Smokeless Tobacco Products into Human Saliva
Authors: Guan Siqi , Bush Lowell , Ji Huihua 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Smokeless tobacco (ST) products are used worldwide, and consumption is increasing in the USA. Although ST products are considered to occupy a different position on the tobacco product continuum of risk compared to combusted tobacco products, they can still lead to health problems, including cancer, dental problems and changes in heart rate and blood pressure. Therefore, the determination of harmful and potentially harmful constituents released from ST products into human saliva is important. Four certified reference ST products were tested in this study: loose leaf chewing tobacco (3S1), Swedish-style snus (1S4), snus (1S5) and moist snuff (3S3). These certified reference ST products are manufactured for research purposes, not for human consumption. The reference ST products were used in this study because they have been well characterized and are intended and designed to represent commercial ST products. The reference ST products were incubated in human saliva at 37°C with a range of incubation times for the evaluation of constituents released from these products into human saliva. In this study, alkaloids (nicotine and cotinine), tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNAs) (N’-nitrosornicotine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone) and benzo[α]pyrene (B[α]P) in the reference ST products and saliva samples were determined by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry (GC--MS), gas chromatography--flame ionization detection (GC--FID), or ultra-performance liquid chromatography--tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC--MS-MS). Our results indicate that the amounts of each constituent released from the reference ST products were altered by the tobacco cut size and product format (pouched or unpouched). The constituents (TSNAs and alkaloids) in moist snuff and loose leaf chewing tobacco were released faster compared to those in Swedish-style snus and snus. B[α]P was only detected in reference moist snuff samples, and only 3.4% of the total B[α]P was released into human saliva after incubation for 60 min, whereas higher percentages of total TSNAs and alkaloids were released at different rates from the four reference ST products.
A new color morph ofCalappa flammea(Herbst, 1794), with implications for the taxonomy ofCalappaWeber, 1795 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Calappidae)
Authors: Vossgaetter Lennart , Larson Paul , Macrander Jason 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMany species of the brachyuran crabs in the family Calappidae, commonly known as ‘box crabs’ or ‘shame-faced crabs,’ look alike and are difficult to distinguish at various developmental stages based on morphology alone. Some crabs recently collected as a part of the South East Atlantic Monitoring and Assessment Program (SEAMAP) groundfish surveys were identified as likely members of Calappidae, but could not be determined to species due to their unusual color pattern and size. The use of molecular data in combination with morphometrics suggests that the crabs in question belonged to Calappa flammea (Herbst, 1794). The specimens represent an undescribed unique color morph that deviates from their previous description and should be considered for future identifications. Several ecological factors can cause such color variations in crabs, but further investigation is needed to understand the drivers of the described phenotypic variance in C. flammea.