bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harnblasentumoren als Langzeitfolge einer Querschnittlähmung – Bedeutung für die Praxis
Authors: Böthig Ralf , Schöps Wolfgang , Zellner Michael , Fiebag Kai , Kowald Birgitt , Kurze Ines , Böhme Holger , Kadhum Thura , Golka Klaus 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Harnblasenkarzinom ist, nach dem Lungenkrebs, bei Querschnittgelähmten die zweithäufigste zum Tode führende Tumorerkrankung. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen umfassenden Überblick über die für den Urologen wichtigen Unterschiede im Vergleich zu Harnblasentumoren in der Allgemeinbevölkerung.Querschnittgelähmte sind zum Zeitpunkt der Tumordiagnose im Durchschnitt 1 bis 2 Jahrzehnte
jünger als Patienten ohne Querschnittlähmung. Der histopathologische Befund bei Erstdiagnose
eines Harnblasenkarzinoms bei Menschen mit Querschnittlähmung ist wesentlich ungünstiger als
bei Harnblasenkarzinomen in der Allgemeinbevölkerung. Muskelinvasive Tumoren und Tumoren mit
geringer Differenzierung sind wesentlich häufiger und der Anteil an Plattenepithelkarzinomen
ist deutlich erhöht. Die Häufigkeit nimmt nach über 10 Lähmungsjahren zu. Die
Harnblasenkarzinom-Mortalität ist deutlich erhöht und steigt mit zunehmender Lähmungsdauer
an.Bei diagnostischen Eingriffen und insbesondere bei der radikalen Zystektomie sind klinisch
wichtige Besonderheiten zu beachten. So können z. B. urodynamische Untersuchungen oder eine
Zystoskopie eine Autonome Dysreflexie mit hypertensiven Krisen und der Gefahr einer
lebensbedrohlichen Bradykardie triggern. Bei einer radikalen Zystektomie sind intraoperativ
u.a. die häufig auftretenden Verwachsungen und Verschwielungen der Harnblase zu beachten.
Postoperativ treten u.a. häufig, bedingt durch die neurogene Störung des Darmes, schwere
Paralysen und prolongierte Darmatonien auf. Die unmittelbar nach der Operation vorzunehmende Lagerung der
Patienten zur Vermeidung von Dekubiti und zur Unterstützung der Atmung sowie das
Querschnittgelähmten-spezifische Darmmanagement sind unbedingt zu beachten. Weitere
Besonderheiten bei querschnittgelähmten Patienten mit Harnblasenkarzinom, die auch in der
klinischen Praxis Beachtung finden sollten, sowie Überlegungen zum Screening nach
Harnblasentumoren werden im Beitrag dargestellt.
Therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline
Authors: van der Merwe Schalk W. , van Wanrooij Roy L. J. , Bronswijk Michiel , Everett Simon , Lakhtakia Sundeep , Rimbas Mihai , Hucl Tomas , Kunda Rastislav , Badaoui Abdenor , Law Ryan , Arcidiacono Paolo G. , Larghi Alberto , Giovannini Marc , Khashab Mouen A. , Binmoeller Kenneth F. , Barthet Marc , Perez-Miranda Manuel , van Hooft Jeanin E. 
Published: December 2021

Main Recommendations1 ESGE recommends the use of endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) over percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) after failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in malignant distal biliary obstruction when local expertise is available.Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.2 ESGE suggests EUS-BD with hepaticogastrostomy only for malignant inoperable hilar biliary obstruction with a dilated left hepatic duct when inadequately drained by ERCP and/or PTBD in high volume expert centers.Weak recommendation, moderate quality evidence.3 ESGE recommends that EUS-guided pancreatic duct (PD) drainage should only be considered in symptomatic patients with an obstructed PD when retrograde endoscopic intervention fails or is not possible.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.4 ESGE recommends rendezvous EUS techniques over transmural PD drainage in patients with favorable anatomy owing to its lower rate of adverse events.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.5 ESGE recommends that, in patients at high surgical risk, EUS-guided gallbladder drainage (GBD) should be favored over percutaneous gallbladder drainage where both techniques are available, owing to the lower rates of adverse events and need for re-interventions in EUS-GBD.Strong recommendation, high quality of evidence.6 ESGE recommends EUS-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE), in an expert setting, for malignant gastric outlet obstruction, as an alternative to enteral stenting or surgery.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.7 ESGE recommends that EUS-GE may be considered in the management of afferent loop syndrome, especially in the setting of malignancy or in poor surgical candidates.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.8 ESGE suggests that endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric ERCP (EDGE) can be offered, in expert centers, to patients with a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass following multidisciplinary decision-making, with the aim of overcoming the invasiveness of laparoscopy-assisted ERCP and the limitations of enteroscopy-assisted ERCP.Weak recommendation, low quality evidence.
Surgical Technique of Supine Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Children
Authors: Prada Stefania , Fernandez Nicolas , Chavarriaga Julián , Perez Jaime , López-Ramos Hugo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPercutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in children has become more widely used due to its high efficacy and safety and to the development of miniaturized instruments. A supine approach is promising due to advantages such as better ventilation, reproducibility, and ergonomics. The purpose of the present study is to describe our surgical technique with special considerations in the pediatric population. We used an oblique supine position supported by one silicone gel positioning pad under the hip and another under the ipsilateral flank. The anatomical landmarks used to guide the puncture were the 11th and 12th ribs, the posterior axillary line, and the iliac crest. Initially, a ureteral catheter was introduced endoscopically. A retrograde pyelography was performed to guide the puncture, which was performed using a biplanar technique. A hydrophilic guide wire was then advanced through the needle. Dilation was performed with Alken telescopic dilators until 14 Ch. Fragmentation was performed either with a 13 Ch semirigid cystoscope or a flexible ureteroscope using a holmium: yttrium aluminum garnet (Ho:Yag) laser. We left a double J catheter. Supine PCNL in the pediatric population has comparable efficacy in terms of stone free rate to that of the prone approach as well as less complications. Certain considerations in children are careful padding and placement of the patient close to the edge of the table. Puncture should be guided by ultrasound to reduce radiation exposure. Miniaturized equipment is not widely available, so adaptation of adult equipment for the pediatric population is sometimes necessary.
Musculoskeletal Applications of Magnetic Resonance-Guided Focused Ultrasound
Authors: Bucknor Matthew D. , Baal Joe D. , McGill Kevin C. , Infosino Andrew , Link Thomas M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMagnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is a novel noninvasive therapy that uses focused sound energy to thermally ablate focal pathology within the body. In the United States, MRgFUS is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of uterine fibroids, palliation of painful bone metastases, and thalamotomy for the treatment of essential tremor. However, it has also demonstrated utility for the treatment of a wide range of additional musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions that currently are treated as off-label indications. Advantages of the technology include the lack of ionizing radiation, the completely noninvasive technique, and the precise targeting that offer unprecedented control of the delivery of the thermal dose, as well as real-time monitoring capability with MR thermometry. In this review, we describe the most common MSK applications of MRgFUS: palliation of bone metastases, treatment of osteoid osteomas, desmoid tumors, facet arthropathy, and other developing indications.
Presión y área de contacto en reparación de manguito rotador: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Contreras Julio , Liendo Rodrigo , Maccioni Cristóbal , Beltrán Manuel 
Published: December 2021

Resumen
Objetivo Proporcionar una sinopsis exhaustiva y un análisis de los estudios biomecánicos sobre la magnitud y distribución de la presión en la interfase tendón-huella de las roturas del manguito rotador, informadas en la literatura en los últimos cinco años.
Métodos La investigación se realizó de acuerdo con los métodos descritos en el Manual Cochrane. Los resultados se informan de acuerdo con el consenso de Ítems Preferidos de Reporte en Revisiones Sistemáticas y Metaanálisis (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, PRISMA, en inglés). La búsqueda se realizó el 1er de junio de 2020. Se identificaron e incluyeron estudios ex vivo de ciencia básica y estudios biomecánicos publicados, que evaluaran la magnitud y distribución de la presión en la interfase tendón-huella de las roturas del manguito rotador reparadas entre enero de 2015 y junio de 2020. Se realizaron búsquedas sistemáticas en las bases de datos MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus y Google Scholar utilizando los términos y operadores booleanos: (Rotator Cuff OR Supraspinatus OR Infraspinatus OR Subscapularis OR Teres Minor) AND Pressure AND Footprint. En la base de datos Embase, respetando su sintaxis, se utilizó: Rotator Cuff AND Pressure AND Footprint.
Resultados Un total de 15 de los 87 artículos encontrados cumplieron con todos los criterios de elegibilidad y se incluyeron en el análisis.
Conclusión La presión y área de contacto sería optimizada biomecánicamente con una reparación transósea de doble fila equivalente, sin nudos en la hilera medial, y con el uso de cintas para su ejecución, conceptos de reparación específica para roturas delaminadas, y limitación de la abducción en el postoperatorio inmediato.
Costoefectividad del régimen combinado de mirabegron/solifenacina en el tratamiento del síndrome de vejiga hiperactiva en Colombia
Authors: Lasalvia Pieralessandro , Gil-Rojas Yaneth , Hernández Fabián , Castañeda-Cardona Camilo 
Published: December 2021

Resumen
Objetivo Evaluar la costoefectividad incremental del régimen combinado de mirabegron/solifenacina en comparación con el uso temprano de toxina botulínica, desde la perspectiva del sistema de salud colombiano, para el tratamiento de adultos con vejiga hiperactiva.
Métodos Se empleó un modelo de Markov en que se comparan dos secuencias de tratamiento, una con y otra sin mirabegron/solifenacina, para evaluar la costoefectividad en un horizonte temporal de cinco años. Debido a la perspectiva de análisis, sólo se tuvieron en cuenta los costos médicos directos. La eficacia del tratamiento evaluado y su comparador fue medida en términos de la reducción de episodios diarios de incontinencia y de la frecuencia de micciones. Los costos fueron expresados en pesos colombianos de 2019, y se aplicó una tasa de descuento de 5% tanto para desenlaces como para costos.
Resultados Para el caso base, el costo del tratamiento en la secuencia que incluye mirabegron/solifenacina fue mayor, pero generó un mayor número de años de vida ajustados por calidad, y así e obtuvo una razón de costoefectividad incremental de $13.637,184 si se considera el desenlace de reducción de episodios diarios de incontinencia de 50%, y de $29.313,848 si se considera el del 100%.
Conclusiones De acuerdo con los resultados de esta evaluación, para un horizonte de análisis de cinco años, la secuencia de tratamiento con mirabegron/solifenacina es una alternativa costoefectiva, si se considera un umbral de disposición a pagar de tres veces el producto interno bruto (PIB) per cápita.
Efectos del tadalafilo en el deseo sexual y la excitación/lubricación en mujeres postmenopáusicas
Authors: De La Hoz Franklin José Espitia 
Published: December 2021

ResumenObjetivo Determinar los efectos y la seguridad del tadalafilo en el deseo sexual y la excitación/lubricación en mujeres postmenopáusicas.Métodos Estudio cuasi experimental (con comparación antes de la intervención y después), con seguimiento de la cohorte de pacientes: 228 mujeres mayores de 40 años en postmenopausia, que consultaron por bajo deseo sexual y alteración de la excitación /lubricación, en una clínica sexológica en Armenia (Colombia), entre 2018 y 2019. Las mujeres recibieron 2,5 mg diarios de tadalafilo durante 12 semanas. Se determinaron las puntuaciones del instrumento, el Índice de Función Sexual Femenina (IFSF), cada cuatro semanas.Resultados El promedio de edad fue de 54,36 ± 4,92 años. Antes del tratamiento, la media en la puntuación del IFSF fue de 22,41 puntos (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 7,11–29,76); a las 4 semanas, 24,73 puntos (IC95%: 23,51–30,28); a las 8 semanas, 25,97 puntos (IC95%: 24,26–31,53); y, al final, 26,99 puntos (IC95%: 25,97–32,46), con diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las 4 medidas pareadas (p < 0,001). La excitación fue el dominio con mayor puntuación tras el tratamiento (4,83 puntos; IC 95%: 4,36–4,91), seguida por la lubricación (4,77 puntos; IC95%: 4,28–4,87). El deseo sexual mostró un significativo incremento al final del estudio (4,29 puntos; IC95%: 4,07–4,39). Se presentaron efectos adversos leves. Se observó una satisfacción con el consumo de tadalafilo del 84,21%.Conclusiones El tratamiento diario con 2,5 mg de tadalafilo genera mejoría en la función sexual de mujeres en la postmenopausia, y el incremento en la puntuación del IFSF demuestra su efecto positivo.
Benchmark Calculations of the Energy Spectra and Oscillator Strengths of the Beryllium Atom
Authors: Nasiri Saeed , Adamowicz Ludwik , Bubin Sergiy 
Published: December 2021

In this work, we present a series of benchmark variational calculations for the ground and 19 lowest bound excited singlet S and P states of the beryllium atom. The nonrelativistic wave functions of the states that represent the motion of the nucleus and the four electrons around the center of mass of the atom are expanded in terms of up to 17 000 all-particle explicitly correlated Gaussians. The Gaussians are optimized independently for each state. The leading relativistic corrections to the energy levels are computed in the framework of the perturbation theory and they explicitly include the nuclear recoil effects. We also calculate the leading quantum electrodynamics (QED) corrections for each considered state. Using the obtained energy levels and the corresponding wave functions, we compute the transition frequencies, transition dipole moments, and oscillator strengths. A comparison with the available experimental data shows very good agreement. The results of this most comprehensive set of calculations of spectroscopic accuracy for Be to date may open up new applications pertinent to the precision tests of QED, determination of the nuclear charge radius, and modeling matter-radiation equilibria of the beryllium gas that has relevance to the physics of interstellar media.
Multiscale relaxation dynamics and diffusion of myelin basic protein in solution studied by quasielastic neutron scattering
Authors: Hassani Abir N. , Haris Luman , Appel Markus , Seydel Tilo , Stadler Andreas M. , Kneller Gerald R. 
Published: December 2021

We report an analysis of high-resolution quasielastic neutron scattering spectra from Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) in solution, comparing the spectra at three different temperatures (283, 303, and 323 K) for a pure D2O buffer and a mixture of D2O buffer with 30% of deuterated trifluoroethanol (TFE). Accompanying experiments with dynamic light scattering and Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopy have been performed to obtain, respectively, the global diffusion constant and the secondary structure content of the molecule for both buffers as a function of temperature. Modeling the decay of the neutron intermediate scattering function by the Mittag-Leffler relaxation function, ϕ(t) = Eα(−(t/τ)α) (0 &lt; α &lt; 1), we find that trifluoroethanol slows down the relaxation dynamics of the protein at 283 K and leads to a broader relaxation rate spectrum. This effect vanishes with increasing temperature, and at 323 K, its relaxation dynamics is identical in both solvents. These results are coherent with the data from dynamic light scattering, which show that the hydrodynamic radius of MBP in TFE-enriched solutions does not depend on temperature and is only slightly smaller compared to the pure D2O buffer, except for 283 K, where it is much reduced. In accordance with these observations, the CD spectra reveal that TFE induces essentially a partial transition from β-strands to α-helices, but only a weak increase in the total secondary structure content, leaving about 50% of the protein unfolded. The results show that MBP is for all temperatures and in both buffers an intrinsically disordered protein and that TFE essentially induces a reduction in its hydrodynamic radius and its relaxation dynamics at low temperatures.
On the sparsity of fitness functions and implications for learning
Authors: Brookes David H. , Aghazadeh Amirali , Listgarten Jennifer 
Published: December 2021

Significance
The properties of proteins and other biological molecules are encoded in large part in the sequence of amino acids or nucleotides that defines them. Increasingly, researchers estimate functions that map sequences to a particular property using machine learning and related statistical approaches. However, an important question remains unanswered: How many experimental measurements are needed in order to accurately learn these “fitness” functions? We leverage perspectives from the fields of biophysics, evolutionary biology, and signal processing to develop a theoretical framework that enables us to make progress on answering this question. We demonstrate that this framework can be used to make useful calculations on real-world data and suggest how these calculations may be used to guide experiments.
Geologic controls on phytoplankton elemental composition
Authors: Sharoni Shlomit , Halevy Itay 
Published: December 2021

Significance
The elemental composition of marine phytoplankton reflects their quality as a food source and regulates the flow of carbon, oxygen, and nutrients between the ocean, atmosphere, and rock reservoirs. Despite this importance, no systematic estimate exists of the geologic history of phytoplankton elemental composition, which is often regarded to have been constant through time, limiting our understanding of evolutionary patterns and global biogeochemistry. Here, using a biogeochemical model forced by geologic and evolutionary events (e.g., the colonization of the continents by plants), we find that the nutrient content of phytoplankton has increased over the last 550 million y of Earth history. This increase in the organic matter nutrient content has likely been important for the evolution of marine fauna.
Reframing an author’s image through the style of translation
Authors: Durmuş Hilal Erkazanci 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper seeks to explore how the style of translation reframes an author’s changing image. In light of the
transformation of Latife Tekin from being considered an author of the poor and dispossessed with whom she identifies to being
acknowledged as a translator who channels the marginal world of the dispossessed people into the mainstream, as evidenced in
various paratextual and metatextual discourses in Turkey, the study focuses on the style of the English translation of Tekin’s
Buzdan Kılıçlar (Swords of Ice). The study underlines that an author’s ontological narrative, which feeds
into his or her image, may impact the style of the translation of his or her work. Noting that the style of translation may serve
as a way of responding to an author’s ontological narrative, the study highlights that the stylistic features (i.e., italics and
quotation marks) added to the translation of Buzdan Kılıçlar appear to be in interplay with the narratives that
prepared the ground for Tekin’s self-identification as a translator. Ultimately, the study points out that those stylistic
features foreground not only the cultural other against Turkey’s modern and secular establishment but also the Oriental other
against Western modernity.
Conformal geometry on a class of embedded hypersurfaces in spacetimes
Authors: Sherif A M , Dunsby P K S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this work, we study various geometric properties of embedded spacelike hypersurfaces in 1 + 1 + 2 decomposed spacetimes with a preferred spatial direction, denoted e

μ
, which are orthogonal to the fluid flow velocity of the spacetime and admit a proper conformal transformation. To ensure non-vanishing and positivity of the scalar curvature of the induced metric on the hypersurface, we impose that the scalar curvature of the conformal metric is non-negative and that the associated conformal factor φ satisfies

φ

^

2

+
2

φ

^

^

>
0

, where

*

^

denotes derivative along the preferred spatial direction. Firstly, it is demonstrated that such hypersurface is either of Einstein type or the spatial twist vanishes on them, and that the scalar curvature of the induced metric is constant. It is then proved that if the hypersurface is compact and of Einstein type and admits a proper conformal transformation, then these hypersurfaces must be isomorphic to the three-sphere, where we make use of some well known results on Riemannian manifolds admitting conformal transformations. If the hypersurface is not of Einstein type and have nowhere vanishing sheet expansion, we show that this conclusion fails. However, with the additional conditions that the scalar curvatures of the induced metric and the conformal metric coincide, the associated conformal factor is strictly negative and the third and higher order derivatives of the conformal factor vanish, the conclusion that the hypersurface is isomorphic to the three-sphere follows. Furthermore, additional results are obtained under the conditions that the scalar curvature of a metric conformal to the induced metric is also constant. Finally, we consider some of our results in context of locally rotationally symmetric spacetimes and show that, if the hypersurfaces are compact and not of Einstein type, then under specified conditions the hypersurface is isomorphic to the three-sphere, where we constructed explicit examples of proper conformal Killing vector fields along e

μ
.