bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sentinel seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the Gauteng province, South Africa August to October 2020
Authors: George Jaya A , Khoza Siyabonga , Mayne Elizabeth , Dlamini Sipho , Kone Ngalula , Jassat Waasila , Chetty Kamy , Centner Chad , Pillay Taryn , Maphayi Mpho R , Mabuza Dineo V , Maposa Innocent , Cassim Naseem 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundEstimates of prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity (seroprevalence) are for tracking the Covid-19 epidemic and are lacking for most African countries.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV2 in a sentinel cohort of patient samples received for routine testing at tertiary laboratories in Johannesburg, South AfricaMethodsThis sentinel study was conducted using remnant serum samples received at three National Health Laboratory Services laboratories situated in the City of Johannesburg (COJ) district, South Africa. Collection was from 1 August until the 31 October 2020. We extracted accompanying laboratory results for haemoglobin A1c, creatinine, HIV, viral load, and CD4+ T cell count. An anti-SARS -CoV-2 targeting the nucleocapsid (N) protein of the coronavirus with higher affinity for IgM and IgG antibodies was used. We reported crude as well as population weighted and test adjusted seroprevalence. Multivariate logistic regression method was used to determine if age, sex, HIV and diabetic status were associated with increased risk for seropositivity.ResultsA total of 6477 samples were analysed; the majority (5290) from the COJ region. After excluding samples with no age or sex stated, the model population weighted and test adjusted seroprevalence for COJ (N=4393) was 27.0 % (95% CI: 25.4-28.6%). Seroprevalence was highest in those aged 45-49 [29.8% (95% CI: 25.5-35.0 %)] and in those from the most densely populated areas of COJ. Risk for seropositivity was highest in those aged 18-49 as well as samples from diabetics (aOR =1.52; 95% CI: 1.13-2.13; p=0.0005) and (aOR=1.36; 95% CI: 1.13-1.63; p=0.001) respectively.ConclusionOur study conducted during the first wave of the pandemic shows high levels of infection among patients attending public health facilities in Gauteng.
BNT162b2 vaccination induces SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody secretion into human milk with minimal transfer of vaccine mRNA
Authors: Low Jia Ming , Gu Yue , Ng Melissa Shu Feng , Amin Zubair , Lee Le Ye , Ng Yvonne Peng Mei , D/O Shunmuganathan Bhuvaneshwari , Niu Yuxi , Gupta Rashi , Tambyah Paul Anantharajah , MacAry Paul A , Wang Liang Wei , Zhong Youjia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractImportanceTo examine the impact of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination of lactating mothers on human milkObjective(1) To quantify SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in human milk of lactating mothers who received the BNT162b2 vaccine, with reference to a cohort convalescent from antenatal COVID-19, and healthy lactating mothers. (2) To detect and quantify vaccine mRNA in human milk after BNT162b2 vaccination.DesignGestational Immunity For Transfer 2 (GIFT-2) is a prospective cohort study of lactating mothers who were due to receive two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine, recruited between 5th February 2021 and 9th February 2021.SettingLactating healthcare workers living in SingaporeParticipantsConvenience sample of ten lactating healthcare workers. Human milk samples were collected at four time points: pre-vaccination, 1-3 days after dose one, 7-10 days after dose one, and 3-7 days after dose two of the BNT162b2 vaccine.ExposureTwo doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine 21 days apart.Main Outcome and Measure(i) SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA and IgG in human milk of lactating mothers who received BNT162b2 vaccine, (ii) Detection and quantification of vaccine mRNA in human milk after BNT162b2 vaccination.ResultsTen lactating healthcare workers aged 32.5 years (range 29 – 42) were recruited, with 40 human milk samples collected and analysed. SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA was predominant in human milk of lactating mothers who received BNT162b2 vaccine. The sharpest rise in antibody production was 3 −7 days after dose two of the BNT162b2 vaccine, with medians of 1110 picomolar of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike and 374 picomolar of anti-Receptor Binding Domain IgA. Vaccine mRNA was detected only on rare occasions, at a maximum concentration of 2 ng/mL.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort of ten lactating mothers following BNT162b2 vaccination, nine (90%) produced SARS-CoV-2 IgA, and ten (100%) produced IgG in human milk with minimal amounts of vaccine mRNA. Lactating individuals should continue breastfeeding in an uninterrupted manner after receiving mRNA vaccination for SARS-CoV-2.Trial RegistrationRegistered atclinicaltrials.gov(NCT04802278).Key PointsQuestionDoes BNT162b2 (i) induce the production and secretion of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies into human milk, and/or (ii) get secreted into human milk?FindingsIn this cohort that included ten lactating healthcare workers following BNT162b2 vaccination, 90% produced SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin A, and 100% produced immunoglobulin G in human milk, with minimal amounts of vaccine mRNA transfer.MeaningLactating individuals should continue breastfeeding in an uninterrupted manner after receiving SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination.
DeepFake electrocardiograms: the key for open science for artificial intelligence in medicine
Authors: Thambawita Vajira , Isaksen Jonas L. , Hicks Steven A. , Ghouse Jonas , Ahlberg Gustav , Linneberg Allan , Grarup Niels , Ellervik Christina , Olesen Morten Salling , Hansen Torben , Graff Claus , Holstein-Rathlou Niels-Henrik , Strümke Inga , Hammer Hugo L. , Maleckar Molly , Halvorsen Pål , Riegler Michael A. , Kanters Jørgen K. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryRecent global developments underscore the prominent role big data have in modern medical science. Privacy issues are a prevalent problem for collecting and sharing data between researchers. Synthetic data generated to represent real data carrying similar information and distribution may alleviate the privacy issue.In this study, we present generative adversarial networks (GANs) capable of generating realistic synthetic DeepFake 12-lead 10-sec electrocardiograms (ECGs). We have developed and compare two methods, WaveGAN* and Pulse2Pulse GAN. We trained the GANs with 7,233 real normal ECG to produce 121,977 DeepFake normal ECGs. By verifying the ECGs using a commercial ECG interpretation program (MUSE 12SL, GE Healthcare), we demonstrate that the Pulse2Pulse GAN was superior to the WaveGAN to produce realistic ECGs. ECG intervals and amplitudes were similar between the DeepFake and real ECGs. These synthetic ECGs are fully anonymous and cannot be referred to any individual, hence they may be used freely. The synthetic dataset will be available as open access for researchers at OSF.io and the DeepFake generator available at the Python Package Index (PyPI) for generating synthetic ECGs.In conclusion, we were able to generate realistic synthetic ECGs using adversarial neural networks on normal ECGs from two population studies, i.e., there by addressing the relevant privacy issues in medical datasets.
Psychosocial family-level mediators in the intergenerational transmission of trauma: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mew Emma J. , Nyhan Kate , Bonumwezi Jessica L. , Blas Vanessa , Gorman Hannah , Hennein Rachel , Quach Kevin , Hawley Nicola L. , Lowe Sarah R. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionFamily-level psychosocial factors appear to play a critical role in mediating the intergenerational transmission of trauma; however, no review article has quantitatively synthesized causal mechanisms across a diversity of trauma types. This study aims to systematically consolidate the epidemiological research on family-level psychosocial mediators and moderators to ultimately produce causal diagram(s) of the intergenerational transmission of trauma.MethodsWe will identify epidemiological peer-reviewed publications, dissertations, and conference abstracts that measure the impact of at least one psychosocial family-level factor mediating or moderating the relationship between parental trauma exposure and a child mental health outcome. English, French, Kinyarwanda, and Spanish articles will be eligible. We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PTSDpubs, Scopus and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses and will conduct forward citation chaining of included documents. Two reviewers will perform screening independently. We will extract reported mediators, moderators, and relevant study characteristics for included studies. Findings will be presented using narrative syntheses, descriptive analyses, mediation meta-analyses, moderating meta-analyses, and causal diagram(s), where possible. We will perform a risk of bias assessment and will assess for publication bias.DiscussionThe development of evidence-based causal diagram(s) would provide more detailed understanding of the paths by which unresolved trauma can be transmitted intergenerationally at the family-level. This review could provide evidence to better support interventions that interrupt the cycle of intergenerational trauma.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO registration ID #CRD42021251053.
Population level risk stratification of hypertensive patients by predictive modeling
Authors: Bandhakavi Sricharan , Liu Zhipeng , Karigowda Sunil , McCammon Jasmine M. , Rahmanian Farbod , Lavoie Heather M. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveWe recently reported that hypertension (HTN) patients having at least three rounds of distinct treatment options (atl_three_roto) in a 12-month window have elevated risk of next-year complications. However, early identification of these “challenge to treat” patients is non-trivial and “drivers” of complications in these vs remaining HTN patients are not fully defined. To address these challenges/gaps, we present predictive models for preceding outcomes, delineate their “drivers”, and highlight value of their integration for population level risk stratification/management of HTN patients.Materials and Methods2.47 million HTN patients enrolled through 2015-2016 were selected from a nation-wide commercial claims database. Features associated with their treatment patterns, comedications, and comorbidities were extracted for 2015 and used to model/predict 2016 outcomes of atl_three_roto status and/or HTN complications. Logistic regression-derived odds-ratios were used to delineate drivers of each outcome.ResultsPrior year treatment patterns, specific hypertension drugs (anti-hypertensives, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers), and congestive heart failure most increased future odds of atl_three_roto status. Regardless of prior year atl_three_roto status, specific comorbidities (renal disease, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, vascular disease, diabetes with chronic complications) and comedications (beta blockers, cardiac agents, anti-lipidemics) most increased future odds of HTN complications. Proof-of-concept analysis with an independent dataset demonstrated that integrating these model predictions/drivers thereof can be leveraged for risk stratification/management of HTN patients.DiscussionIntegrating predictions and their “drivers” from above models supports early identification and targeted management of “at-risk” HTN patients.ConclusionWe have developed a predictive modeling based approach for risk stratification and management of HTN patients.
Biliary Duct Hamartomas: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sheikh Abu Baker , Shekhar Rahul , Javed Nismat , Leyba Katarina , Sheikh Abdul Ahad Ehsan , Upadhyay Shubhra , Kapuria Devika , Cormier Christopher , Rustagi Tarun 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBiliary duct hamartomas are benign lesions of intrahepatic bile ducts. Oftentimes an incidental finding on imaging, these lesions can pose a diagnostic dilemma because of their overlapping features with malignant masses. We performed a structured systematic review of literature and identified 139 cases of biliary duct hamartomas. Patient demographics, clinical presentation with key laboratory and imaging findings, diagnostic modalities, management strategies, and outcomes were analyzed and systematically summarized. The systematic review is aimed to help with better understanding of biliary duct hamartomas and its principal features.
SARS-CoV-2 serological findings and exposure risk among employees in school and retail after first and second wave COVID-19 pandemic in Oslo, Norway: a cohort study
Authors: Gjestvang Moe Anne-Mari , Eriksen Mina , Schjølberg Tiril , Haugen Fred 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundDuring initial phases of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many workplaces were affected by closures and various preventive measures intended to limit infections. Here, we characterize and compare in an ambidirectional cohort study SARS-CoV-2 serology among Norwegian school employees and retail employees at baseline following the first epidemiological wave, and at follow-up after a second wave.MethodsWe enrolled a cohort of 238 school and retail employees after the first COVID-19 pandemic wave. Self-reported exposure history and serum samples were collected at 10 schools and 15 retail stores in Oslo, Norway, sampled at two time-points, baseline (May 18. to July 2. 2020) and follow-up (Jan 7. to Mar 17. 2021). SARS-CoV-2 antibodies targeting both spike and nucleocapsid were characterized by multiplex microsphere-based serological methods.ResultsAt baseline, 6 enrolled workers presented with positive SARS-CoV-2 serology (3%; CI [1, 6]; P=0.019), which was significantly higher than the expected 1% prevalence in the general Oslo-population at this time-point. Five of the positive cases were retail employees. However, school and retail groups distributions at baseline were not significantly different as the number of seropositive observations were limited. Due to a school closure effectuated during the first wave, half of the school employees reported ≤2 days of physical workplace presence per week, while 65% of the retail employees reported ≥5 days per week. Eight months later, after passing a second epidemiological wave, school and retail groups presented 11 new seropositive cases altogether, but there was still no significant differences between the groups. Physical attendance at the workplace was similar between the groups during the second wave, but some preventive measures against viral transmission at workplaces were different. Self-reported virus diagnostics (RNA) for the same period were compared to the serological data obtained in this study, showing that all but one positive SARS-CoV-2 serological findings arising between baseline and follow-up had been diagnosed with virus testing.ConclusionsAfter the first wave, distribution of SARS-CoV-2 positive serology was slightly higher than expected in a cohort of school and retail employees. Distribution of infection was not significantly different between the groups at baseline nor at follow-up, even though physical workplace attendance had been different. Nearly all new seropositive cases discovered in this study between baseline and follow-up, had already been diagnosed due to widespread virus testing during the second wave. This highlights the importance of extensive viral testing among workers.
Animal lifestyle changes acceptable mass limits for attached tags
Authors: Wilson Rory P , Rose Kayleigh A , Gunner Richard , Holton Mark D. , Marks Nikki J , Bennett Nigel C , Bell Stephen H. , Twining Joshua P , Hesketh Jamie , Duarte Carlos M. , Bezodis Neil , Jezek Milos , Painter Michael , Silovsky Vaclav , Crofoot Margaret C. , Harel Roi , Arnould John P. Y. , Allan Blake M. , Whisson Desley A. , Alagaili Abdulaziz , Scantlebury D. Michael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAnimal-attached devices have transformed our understanding of vertebrate ecology. To minimize tag-related harm for these studies, researchers have long advocated that tag masses should not exceed 3% of the animal’s body mass. However, this proposition ignores tag forces generated as a result of animal movement.Using data from collar-attached accelerometers on diverse free-ranging terrestrial animals, we detail a tag-based acceleration method (TbAM) in which we quantify animal athleticism in terms of fractions of animal movement time devoted to different collar-recorded accelerations. The varying accelerations are converted to forces imposed on the animals based on the acceleration and tag mass and allow derivation of defined force limits, including those amounting to 3% of the animal’s mass, for specified fractions of any animal’s active time.We demonstrate how species athleticism is the principal determinant of tag forces, whereas body mass is of little importance. Forces exerted by ‘3%’ tags were mostly equivalent to 4-19% of the animals’ masses during moving, with a maximum of 54% in a hunting cheetah. Cumulative frequency curves of tag acceleration for periods when animals were active, all showed a characteristic sigmoid pattern, which was displaced further to the right as higher acceleration activities accounted for an increasing proportion of any animal’s time. Specifying that tags should exert forces that are less than 3% of the animal’s body mass for 95% of the time led to corrected tag masses constituting between 1.6% and 2.98% of our study animals’ masses, with values depending on animal athleticism.Recognition that animal athleticism affects tag forces of their carriers fundamentally changes how acceptable tag mass limits should be determined by ethics bodies. In order to have a scientifically robust acceptable threshold to limit the forces experienced by an animal carrier, we suggest practitioners derive a similar cumulative acceleration profile for their study species and use a minimum of the 95% limits on the plot (although higher limits may be more appropriate).
Using Stakeholder Insights to Enhance Engagement in PhD Professional Development
Authors: Ramadoss Deepti , Bolgioni Amanda F. , Layton Rebekah L. , Alder Janet , Lundsteen Natalie , Stayart C. Abigail , Yellin Jodi B. , Smart Conrad L. , Varvayanis Susi S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThere is increasing awareness of the need for predoctoral and postdoctoral professional development and career guidance, however many academic institutions are only beginning to build out these functional roles. As a graduate career educator, accessing the vast silos and resources at a university and with industrial partners can be daunting, yet collaborative endeavors and network development both on and off campus are crucial to the success of any career and professional development office. To better inform and direct the efforts of graduate career offices, forty-five stakeholders external and internal to academic institutions were identified and interviewed to gather and categorize perspectives on topics critical to career and professional development offices. Using a stakeholder network visualization tool developed by the authors, stakeholder engagement can be rapidly assessed to ascertain areas where offices have strong connections and other areas where additional efforts could be directed to enhance engagement. General themes from interviews with internal and external stakeholders are discussed to provide graduate career educators with various stakeholder subgroup perspectives to help prepare for successful interactions. Benefits include increased engagement and opportunities to collaborate, as well as the opportunity to build or expand graduate career development offices.
Genome assemblies of three closely related leaf beetle species (Galerucellaspp)
Authors: Yang Xuyue , Slotte Tanja , Hambäck Peter A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGalerucella(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a leaf beetle genus that has been extensively used for ecological and evolutionary studies. It has also been used as biological control agent against invading purple loosestrife in North America, with large effects on biodiversity. Here we report genome assembly and annotation of three closely relatedGalerucellaspecies:G. calmariensis,G. pusillaandG. tenella. The three assemblies have a genome size ranging from 460Mb to 588Mb, with N50 from 31,588kb to 79.674kb, containing 29,202 to 40,929 scaffolds. Using anab initioevidence-driven approach, 30,302 to 33,794 protein-coding genes were identified and functionally annotated. These draft genomes will contribute to the understanding of host-parasitoid interactions, evolutionary comparisons of leaf beetle species and future population genomics studies.
Bipartite binding and partial inhibition links DEPTOR and mTOR in a mutually antagonistic embrace
Authors: Heimhalt Maren , Berndt Alex , Wagstaff Jane , Anandapadamanaban Madhanagopal , Perisic Olga , Maslen Sarah , McLaughlin Stephen , Yu Conny Wing-Heng , Masson Glenn R. , Boland Andreas , Ni Xiaodan , Yamashita Keitaro , Murshudov Garib N. , Skehel Mark , Freund Stefan M. , Williams Roger L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractmTORC1 is a kinase complex regulating cell growth, proliferation and survival. Because mis-regulation of DEPTOR, an endogenous mTORC1 inhibitor, is associated with some cancers, we reconstituted mTORC1 with DEPTOR to understand its function. We find that DEPTOR is a uniquepartialmTORC1 inhibitor that may have evolved to preserve feedback inhibition of PI3K. Counterintuitively, mTORC1 activated by RHEB or oncogenic mutation is much more potently inhibited by DEPTOR. Although DEPTOR partially inhibits mTORC1, mTORC1 prevents this inhibition by phosphorylating DEPTOR, a mutual antagonism that requires no exogenous factors. Structural analyses of the mTORC1/DEPTOR complex showed DEPTOR’s PDZ domain interacting with the mTOR FAT region, and the unstructured linker preceding the PDZ binding to the mTOR FRB domain. Here we show, in contrast to previous cellular studies, that both the PDZ and linker regions are essential for inhibition, and it is likely that interaction with the FRB is crucial to the unique partial inhibition.
A Single Cell Atlas of Spared Tissue Below a Spinal Cord Injury Reveals Cellular Mechanisms of Repair
Authors: Matson Kaya J.E. , Russ Daniel E. , Kathe Claudia , Maric Dragan , Hua Isabelle , Krynitsky Jonathan , Pursley Randall , Sathyamurthy Anupama , Squair Jordan W. , Courtine Gregoire , Levine Ariel J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAfter spinal cord injury (SCI), the “spared” tissue below the lesion contains undamaged cells that could support or augment recovery, but targeting these cells requires a clearer understanding of their injury responses and capacity for repair. Here, we used single nucleus sequencing to profile how each cell type in the lumbar spinal cord changes over time after a thoracic injury. We present an atlas of these dynamic responses and explore two unexpected findings. Amongst neurons, rare cell types expressed a molecular signature of regeneration and amongst microglia, we identified a population of “trauma associated microglia” (TAM). These TAM cells were present in the white matter near degenerating axons and expressed the trophic factorsIgf1andSpp1(OPN). Viral over-expression ofIgf1andSpp1(OPN) expanded the TAM population and promoted the clearance of myelin debris. These findings expose endogenous mechanisms of repair in spared neural tissue, uncovering potential candidates for targeted therapy.