bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FACTORS AFFECTING STUDENTS, ASSESSMENTS PERFORMANCE: CASE OF KENYA MEDICAL TRAINING COLLEGE (AN OPERATIONAL STUDY OF KMTC)
Authors: Owuor Collins , Tshombe Dorothy , Musuya Alloys , Otieno Grace 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: The study assessed the influence of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors and students perceptions. While student and teacher-related factors constitute the intrinsic factors, parents and the government on the other hand are examples of the extrinsic factors. This research project focuses on assessing the factors that contribute and influence KMTC students’ performance with an aim of establishing ways to improve their performances in examinations and assessments.
Methodology: A mixed and descriptive cross-sectional research design was utilized involving a study of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors that affect students’ performance.
Findings: The study findings established that both intrinsic and extrinsic had an effect on performance. The study findings established that a unit increase in student attitude can lead to an increase of 0.05 in the scores of student performance. This implies that student attitude had a significant positive effect on student performance. The study found out that a unit increase in intrinsic factors of 0.227 can lead to an increase in students’ performance. This clearly shows that extrinsic factors had a significant positive effect on student performance. The study results revealed that a unit increase of 0.01 can lead to an increase in students’ performance. This shows that extrinsic factors had a significant positive effect on students’ assessment and performance. Therefore, the study independent variables had a strong positive relationship to the dependent variable which was student performance.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends for higher learning institutions to integrate both intrinsic and extrinsic factors in their planning.
Key Words: Multiple Choice Questions- Multiple choice questions are questions where the respondent is given a variety of options to pick from while answering, Objective Structured Clinical Examination- it is an examination structured to meet certain specific objectives and in this case OSCEs are particularly used in the assessment of clinical officers, Assessment-it refers to the various methods and tools that educators employ in evaluation, measurement and documentation of academic readiness, learning progress, skills acquisition and education needs of a student; Intrinsic factors- refers to those factors that exists within the system (KMTC), they form the internal drive to objectives and cannot be separated from the system. E.g. in KMTC, intrinsic factors includes students’ factors, lecturer factors, institutional factors e.t.c.; Extrinsic factors- refers to those factors that operate outside the system (KMTC) to influence the achievement of an objective. These factors are external and separate entities from the system but have established mutual connections e.g. the government, parents, employers’ e.t.c
Combined implantation of toric and spherical intraocular lenses for low corneal astigmatism correction
Authors: Albano Valeria , Sborgia Alessandra , Palmisano Carmela , Alessio Giovanni 
Published: April 2021

Background: This study compared outcomes of combined toric versus spherical intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in patients with low corneal astigmatism.
Methods: In this retrospective contralateral study, patients with corneal astigmatism who received combined toric (FIL 611 T, Soleko, Rome, Italy) and spherical IOL (FIL 611 T, Soleko, Rome, Italy) implants were recruited. Eyes were examined preoperatively and then again 3 months postoperatively. Postoperatively, uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA), residual astigmatism, and spherical equivalent (SE) were compared between the toric IOL-implanted eyes and the spherical IOL-implanted fellow eyes.
Results: Among the 46 included cases (age 69 ± 12.7 years [mean± standard deviation]; range: 60‒78 years), 86.9% of eyes (n = 40) in the toric IOL group had a postoperative refractive cylinder of ≤ 0.25 diopters (D), compared with 4.3% (n = 2) of eyes in the spherical IOL group. Both groups showed a statistically significant reduction in refractive cylinder and improvement in UCDVA after cataract surgery (both P = 0.01). Similarly, toric IOLs were superior (69.6%) to spherical lenses (2.2%) in obtaining a SE of ≤ 0.25 D.
Conclusions: To our knowledge, no previous study had sought to compare low-power toric and spherical IOLs in low corneal astigmatism in the same patient's eyes. Our findings suggest that low-power toric IOLs may result in good refractive outcomes as compared with spherical IOLs implanted in the fellow eye of the same patient, although both result in significant UCDVA improvement. Well‐designed clinical research studies with a longer follow-up and more participants are necessary to confirm these findings.
Anxiolytic activity of ultra-diluted Aconitum napellus on Wistar rats
Authors: Bhat Nandini Prashanth , Konuri Anjaneyulu , Thomas Huban , Monappa Vidya , Krishnan Hareesh , Chandrachur Prasanna Lokadolalu 
Published: April 2021

Background: Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent that affect millions of people worldwide. Homeopathic system is gaining popularity due to its efficacy in chronic diseases. Ultra-diluted Aconitum napellus is a homeopathic medicine used by clinicians for treatment of acute anxiety.
Aim: Objective of this study is to test the efficacy of Aconite on experimental anxiety models of Wistar rats. Methodology: 18 Female Wistar rats were divided into Control, Anxiety, and Anxiety + Aconite (ANX+ACO) groups. Acute stress was induced by restraining the rats for six hours daily for five days in Anxiety and ANX + ACO groups. After five days of stress, a single dose of Aconite 200cH was given to ANX + ACO group through oral gavage, whereas control and anxiety group rats were maintained with a normal diet. Following this, behavioral assessment was done. Results: It was observed that the Aconite treated group had more number of entries and also the percentage of time spent in the open arm was higher than the stressed anxiety group. Histological study of the brain tissue procured from all three groups was analyzed. Conclusion: It was inferred that ultra-diluted homeopathic Aconite has decreased anxiety in Wistar rats which were subjected to acute restrain stress.
Leveraging Informatics and Technology to Support Public Health Response: Framework and Illustrations using COVID-19
Authors: Snowdon Jane , Kassler William , Karunakaram Hema , Dixon Brian , Rhee Kyu 
Published: April 2021

Objective: To develop a conceptual model and novel, comprehensive framework that encompass the myriad ways informatics and technology can support public health response to a pandemic.
Method: The conceptual model and framework categorize informatics solutions that could be used by stakeholders (e.g., government, academic institutions, healthcare providers and payers, life science companies, employers, citizens) to address public health challenges across the prepare, respond, and recover phases of a pandemic, building on existing models for public health operations and response.
Results: Mapping existing solutions, technology assets, and ideas to the framework helped identify public health informatics solution requirements and gaps in responding to COVID-19 in areas such as applied science, epidemiology, communications, and business continuity. Two examples of technologies used in COVID-19 illustrate novel applications of informatics encompassed by the framework. First, we examine a hub from The Weather Channel, which provides COVID-19 data via interactive maps, trend graphs, and details on case data to individuals and businesses. Second, we examine IBM Watson Assistant for Citizens, an AI-powered virtual agent implemented by healthcare providers and payers, government agencies, and employers to provide information about COVID-19 via digital and telephone-based interaction.
Discussion: Early results from these novel informatics solutions have been positive, showing high levels of engagement and added value across stakeholders.
Conclusion: The framework supports development, application, and evaluation of informatics approaches and technologies in support of public health preparedness, response, and recovery during a pandemic. Effective solutions are critical to success in recovery from COVID-19 and future pandemics.
Gambaran Kerasionalan Resep Antibiotik Dengan Diagnosa ISPA Di Poli Anak Rumah Sakit Prikasih Jakarta Selatan Periode Januari – Maret 2020
Authors: Purwanigsih Neneng Sri , Wijanarko Dimas Agung , Handayani Ana Yuli 
Published: April 2021

Irrational drug use is a major problem in the world. Irrational prescribing of drugs can be described as medically inaccurate and ineffective in financing, treatment There are many studies that describe the treatment of ARD (Acute Respiratory Disease) patients who tend to use antibiotics which lead to overprescription and become irrational. This research was to descripte of a rational antibacterial prescription with a diagnosis of upper Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (ARI) at Prikasih Hospital Children's Clinic. Methods for this research is descriptive method using retrospective data. Samples in this study were 380 recipes. The results showed that there were 79.7% rational recipes and 20.3% irrational recipes. Based on the choice of drug type, cefixime is the most widely used antibiotic with a rule of 3 times a day.
A pedagogia do vírus: o que é possível aprender com a Covid-19?
Authors: Goudard Tavares Maria Tereza , De Sousa Lisboa Adrielle Karolyne 
Published: April 2021

A complexidade do contexto atual é um dos desafios à nossa escrita realizada em tempos de incertezas, nos quais o avanço destruidor do covid-19 no Brasil vem obrigando os estados brasileiros a ampliar as medidas de isolamento social, fechando as escolas e suspendendo as aulas em seus territórios. Do ponto de vista de nosso artigo, uma das lições a serem aprendidas diz respeito aos impactos do Covid-19 nas diferentes escalas do território do vivido. A pandemia do coronavírus reitera a dimensão política e epistêmica de investigar o lugar, tomando-o como densidade analítica e compreensiva de processos formativos de crianças, jovens e adultos. Dialogando com Santos (1994) que, em sua formulação teórica sobre a sua epistemologia existencial, nos instiga a realizar o exercício de estudar o que cada lugar tem de singular, de específico, de diferente e original para compreendermos como os sujeitos agem e produzem modos de vida, relações e práticas sociais, dentre elas o direito à escolarização.
Utilizing network pharmacology and molecular docking to explore the underlying mechanism of Guizhi Fuling Wan in treating endometriosis
Authors: Wang Haoxian , Zhou Gang , Zhuang Mingyan , Wang Wei , Fu Xianyun 
Published: April 2021

Background
Guizhi Fuling Wan (GZFLW) is a widely used classical Chinese herbal formulae prescribed for the treatment of endometriosis (EMs). This study aimed to predict the key targets and mechanisms of GZFLW in the treatment of EMs by network pharmacology and molecular docking.

Methods
Firstly, related compounds and targets of GZFLW were identified through the TCMSP, BATMAN-TCM and CASC database. Then, the EMs target database was built by GeneCards. The overlapping targets between GZFLW and EMs were screened out, and then data of the PPI network was obtained by the STRING Database to analyze the interrelationship of these targets. Furthermore, a topological analysis was performed to screen the hub targets. After that, molecular docking technology was used to confirm the binding degree of the main active compounds and hub targets. Finally, the DAVID database and Metascape database were used for GO and KEGG enrichment analysis.

Results
A total of 89 GZFLW compounds and 284 targets were collected. One hundred one matching targets were picked out as the correlative targets of GZFLW in treating EMs. Among these, 25 significant hub targets were recognized by the PPI network. Coincidently, molecular docking simulation indicated that the hub targets had a good bonding activity with most active compounds (69.71%). Furthermore, 116 items, including the inflammatory reaction, RNA polymerase, DNA transcription, growth factor activity, and steroid-binding, were selected by GO enrichment analysis. Moreover, the KEGG enrichment analysis results included 100 pathways focused on the AGE-RAGE pathway, HIF pathway, PI3K Akt pathway, MAPK pathway, and TP53 pathway, which exposed the potential mechanisms of GZFLW in treating EMs. Also, the MTT colorimetric assay indicated that the cell proliferation could be inhibited by GZFLW. Compared with the control group, the protein levels of P53, BAX, and caspase3 in the drug groups were all increased in Western blotting results. The results of flow cytometry showed that the percentage of apoptotic cells in the GZFLW group was significantly higher than that in the control group.

Conclusion
Through the exploration of network pharmacology and molecular docking technology, GZFLW has a therapeutic effect on EMs through multi-target mechanism. This study provided a good foundation for further experimental research.
Study of Diagnostic Value of Cyclooxygenase-2 and Matrix Metalloproteinases in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Etaiwi Alaa , Hashem Enayat , Ajabnoor Mohammed , Al–Ama Nabil 
Published: April 2021

Background and Aim: Atherosclerosis is a chronic systematic disease where lesion (plaque) develops results in activation of inflammatory reaction that leads to arterial obstruction. Atherosclerosis is the underlying cause for many cardiovascular diseases (CVD) which were estimated with 42 percent of total death in Saudi Arabia while Coronary artery diseases (CAD) accounted for 35 percent of total chronic diseases death in Saudi Arabia by 2008. Risk factors that attribute in progression of atherosclerotic lesion and subsequent complications are smoking, high Low Density Lipoprotein –Cholesterol (LDL-C), high blood pressure, obesity and alcohol.
Materials and Methods: This study was carried on 20 healthy individuals as a control group, 15 patients with stable angina, 15 patients with recent myocardial infraction (MI) and 15 patient 24-hours post MI. All subjects were males with age 45±65 years and underwent exclusion/inclusion criteria. COX-2, MMPs levels were quantitatively measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results: There is insignificant differences in both COX-2 and MMP-2 levels among studied groups (P = 0.450 and 0.246 respectively) .On other hand, MMP-9 demonstrate a significant elevation in its level in studied groups (P = 0.014): its level significantly increase in stable angina (31.474 ± 12.188 ng/ml) compared to both control (9.920 ± 0.075 ng/ml) and Post MI groups (16.012 ± 13.852 ng/ml) (P = 0.001 and 0.004 respectively) and significantly increase in MI group (26.020 ± 14.792 ng/ml) when compared to both control (P = 0.006) and post MI (P = 0.038) groups.
Conclusion: We can conclude that both COX-2 and MMP-2 cannot be used as markers for diagnosis of stable angina or MI. While MMP-9 as it showed significant elevation in its level in MI and then decrease in post MI, it can be considered as a good marker for confirming the diagnosis of MI and post MI stage.
Functional Limitations of Hyper and Hypothyroid Patients in INMOL Hospital Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Sherwani Rehan Ahmad Khan , Gill Sajjad Ali , Saeed Nadia , Saeed Sana , Habib Ayesha , Shahid Hira 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Thyroid disease is extremely prevalent than heart diseases or diabetes. Hormones produced by the thyroid gland maintain the muscles, heart, brain, and other organs of the body. Improper performance of the thyroid gland leads to an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) or underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) that disturbs the metabolic system. The objective of the present study is to investigate the functional limitations of the patients under these two types of thyroid disorders.
Methods: A cross-sectional study design is used to collect the data from thyroid disease patients in INMOL hospital Lahore, Pakistan from 23rd November 2020 to 20th January 2021. A total of 201 patients (98 hyperthyroid, 103 hypothyroid) are enrolled in this study. Data is analyzed through frequencies, percentages, and chi-square test of association by using SPSS (version 23).
Results: Females over 30 years of ages, married, overweight with family sizes are less than four with a positive family history of brothers and sisters using iodized salt are more at risk of hypothyroidism and faced the problems like speedup in the metabolic system, weight gain, slow heartbeat, low blood pressure, weakness in muscles, constipation, coldness when others do not. Eventually it causes difficulties in routine activities, irregularities in the menstrual cycle and problems in pregnancy.
Conclusion: By considering all these evidences, early diagnosis and precautionary steps are needed to avoid the prevalence of thyroid disease specifically in women.
Characterisation of Some Selected Bacterial Isolates from Vegetable Oil Contaminated Soil
Authors: Popoola B. M. , Olanbiwoninu A. A. 
Published: April 2021

Microbial lipases occupy a place of prominence among biocatalysts and are often used for various biotechnological applications. Because of huge variation in applications, the availability of lipases with specific characteristics is still a limiting factor. There is therefore need for extensive characterisation of lipase for various applications. This work was carried out to characterise lipases from some selected bacterial isolates.
Isolates identified as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas cepacia Pseudomonas fluorescens, Alcaligenes sp. and Flavobacterium sp. from a vegetable oil contaminated soil were characterized. Temperature, pH and ion concentration, (NaNO3 and MgSO4), incubation time, agitation speed, carbon sources and nitrogen sources were optimised for growth and lipase activity. Increase in microbial growth does not necessarily suggest increase in lipolytic activity as generally observed from this study. Temperature, pH, incubation time and agitation speed which had optimum enzyme activities for crude enzyme of Pseudomonas fluorescens (0.8 U/mL), were 27 oC, 7.0, 24 h, and 0 rpm respectively. Growth was not generally supported by AgN03 in all the organisms selected but supported by KNO3. However MgSO4 generally supported lipase production. Olive oil and peptone as sources of carbon and nitrogen respectively supported both growth and lipase production in the selected organisms.
These bacterial isolates characterized had lipolytic activities, hence they have high potential for various biotechnological applications.
Desulfatiglandaceae
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

De.sul.fa.ti.glan.da.ce'ae. N.L. masc. n.
Desulfatiglans
, type genus of the family; suff. ‐
aceae
, ending to denote family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Desulfatiglandaceae
, the family of
Desulfatiglans
.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfobacteria / Desulfatiglandales / Desulfatiglandaceae

Cells are rod shaped and occur singly or in pairs. Gram‐stain‐negative. Endospores are not observed. Nonmotile. Strict anaerobe with a respiratory type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophs. Substrate oxidation is complete. For complete oxidation the anaerobic C
1
‐pathway (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase [CODH] or Wood–Ljungdahl pathway) is used. Sulfate serves as terminal electron acceptor and is reduced to H
2
S. Other oxidized sulfur compounds might be used depending on the species. The optimal pH range for growth is around 7.2. The optimal temperature for growth varies between 30 and 37°C. The family currently comprises only the genus
Desulfatiglans
which is also the type genus. Members of the family are found in sediments of anoxic marine, brackish, and freshwater systems.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 58.9–59.1 (
T
m
, genome and LC).

Type genus
:
Desulfatiglans
Suzuki et al. 2014
VP
.
Desulfonatronovibrionaceae
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Zhilina Tatyana , Kuever Jan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

De.sul.fo.na.tro.no.vi.bri.o.na.ce'ae. N.L. masc. n.
Desulfonatronovibrio
, type genus of the family; suff. ‐
aceae
, ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Desulfonatronovibrionaceae
, the family of
Desulfonatronovibrio
.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfovibrionia / Desulfovibrionales / Desulfonatronovibrionaceae

Vibrio‐, spirilla‐, or curved rod‐shaped cells. Occur singly or in pairs. Spore formation is not observed. Gram‐stain‐negative. Motile with one polar flagellum or nonmotile. Strict anaerobes. All species possess a respiratory and some an additional fermentative type of metabolism. Chemolithoheterotrophs, chemoorganoheterotrophs, and chemolithoautotrophs, depending on the species. Sulfate and other partially oxidized inorganic sulfur compounds serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to sulfide. Except formate, organic compounds are oxidized to acetate. H
2
plus CO
2
or formate can support growth in the presence or absence of acetate, depending on the species. Chemolithoautotrophic growth on H
2
plus CO
2
, formate, or sulfur disproportionation occurs via the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway. Fermentation of pyruvate might occur. A common feature is the disproportionation of thiosulfate and sulfite, either autotrophically or in the presence of acetate as carbon source. Most members are extremely alkaliphilic; some are alkalitolerant. Obligately dependent on Na
+
, CO
3
2−
, and Cl
−
in the growth medium. Mesophilic. The family contains two genera,
Desulfonatronovibrio
and
Desulfonatronospira
. Occur in anoxic sediments of moderately and hypersaline alkaline soda and chloride‐sulfate continental saline lakes.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 41.8–51.4 (genome,
T
m
).

Type genus:
Desulfonatronovibrio
Zhilina et al. 1997
VP
.
Desulforegulaceae
emend
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

De.sul.fo.re.gu.la.ce'a.e. N.L. fem. n.
Desulforegula
, type genus of the family; suff. ‐
aceae
, ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Desulforegulaceae
, the family of
Desulforegula
.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfobacteria / Desulfobacterales / Desulforegulaceae

Cells are straight or slightly curved rods or vibrios and occur singly or in pairs. Gram‐stain‐negative. Endospores are not observed. Motile. Strict anaerobes with respiratory (all members) and fermentative (some members) types of metabolism. Chemoorganohetero trophic. Short‐ and long‐chain fatty acids with even and odd numbers of carbon atoms are used as sole electron donors and carbon sources and are oxidized to acetate and mixtures of propionate and acetate, respectively. One genus can use alkenes as substrates. Chemolithoautotrophy is generally not found (exception is one species within the genus
Desulfatiferula
). Sulfate can serve as terminal electron acceptor and is reduced to sulfide; sulfite and thiosulfate might be used as well (depending on the genus). Mesophilic; the optimal temperature range for growth is between 25 and 34°C. Most members are neutrophilic with optimal growth pH between 6.8 and 7.7, and one species of the genus
Desulfobotulus
is alkaliphilic with optimal growth pH 9.9–10.1. One species of the genus
Desulfocella
is halophilic. The major menaquinones (MK‐7 and MK‐8) have only been determined for some members. The major cellular fatty acids depend on the genus; only C
16:0
is present in all members. The family currently accommodates four genera
Desulfatiferula, Desulfobotulus, Desulfocella,
and
Desulforegula
. Members of this family are found in anoxic freshwater, brackish water, marine, and hypersaline sediments.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 35.0–53.5 (LC, genome).

Type genus
:
Desulforegula
Rees and Patel 2001
VP
.