bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary status and dietary pattern by degree of cognitive function in Korean elderly (629.5)
Authors: Chang Moon‐Jeong , Lee Jung‐Sug , Chung Hae Kyung , Kim Hye‐Young 
Published: June 2021

This study was performed to investigate the relationships among cognitive function, dietary pattern and dietary intake status. The subjects (n=416) were recruited from the Yongin dementia prevention and control center. The low cognitive functioning group (LC) had lower consumption of dietary fiber, vitamin B1 and vitamin B2. The Lower cognitive group had lower consumption of nuts and seeds and higher consumption of soft drinks. Using factor scores of seven factors, subjects were classified into 3 clusters. Cluster 1(65.8%) was a ‘simple, rice‐only eating’ group. Cluster 2(27.2%) was a ‘meat favoring’ group. Cluster 3 (6.7%) was a ‘healthy, diverse eating’ group. Cluster 3 had significantly higher consumptions of potatoes, nuts and seeds, vegetables, mushrooms and fishes than cluster 1 & 2. Cluster 3 also had higher consumption of milk and fruits, but lower consumption of rice than cluster 1 & 2. The higher portion of the normal cognitive functioning group was contained in Cluster 3 than lower cognitive functioning group.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Korea Institute of Planning & Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry
Barriers, facilitators, and interventions for tofu adoption among future nutritional gatekeepers (631.4)
Authors: Brumberg Adam , Wansink Brian , Shimizu Mitsuru 
Published: June 2021

Objective: Although soy foods such as Tofu are generally considered as healthful and sustainable, Tofu is unfamiliar and irregularly cooked at home by most non‐vegetarian Westerners. To begin encouraging a wider adoption of Tofu among non‐Asian, non‐vegetarians, this research examines what factors impact the adoption of Tofu by future by nutritional gatekeepers, those who will eventually control the majority of the foods that are eaten within their households.Methods: In‐depth laddering interviews were conducted with 83 young non‐vegetarian women and new mothers who were enthusiastic lovers of tofu. Following this, a questionnaire was designed and 502 women ranging from 20‐35 years old were surveyed through the internet. Finally, laboratory and in‐home cooking test were conducted to validate the impact of identified barriers on Tofu adoption Results: Several key barriers based in misinformation, including “Tofu is expensive” and “Tofu is difficult to cook” as well as “I don’t know how to cook Tofu” accounted for the majority of gatekeepers’ reluctance to try cooking tofu at home.Conclusions: Correcting or educating on these issues significantly increased willingness to try Tofu. These efforts were more persuasive than promoting the health benefits of Tofu as a low calorie source of lean protein.Grant Funding Source: House Foods America and The Cornell Food and Brand Lab
Nesting a project nutrition monitoring system within a public health network: experiences from Alive &amp; Thrive Viet Nam (632.17)
Authors: Nguyen Tuan , Alayon Silvia , Tran Do , Tran Ngan , Hajeebhoy Nemat 
Published: June 2021

Alive &amp; Thrive (A&amp;T), in partnership with the Government of Viet Nam, is among the first to manage a network of 780 franchises that provide good‐quality infant and young child nutrition counseling. This paper describes our experience in nesting the A&amp;T project monitoring into the public health system and using monitoring data to strengthen franchise performance. Paper based forms are filled at village and commune level. Data are entered into excel forms at the district level, aggregated at the province level and submitted upwards to regional and national levels. The system has a 99% reporting rate. Training and regular supportive supervision ensure data quality. Data are analyzed on a monthly basis and shared back down the chain in user‐friendly formats to enable management decisions. Franchises with low performance receive targeted assistance on demand generation and quality improvement. High‐performing franchises receive performance‐based awards. Data reveal that services reach almost 2/3 of children 0‐23 months in the catchment areas. August 2013, a total of 95,000 monthly contacts was provided through the network with 73% of contacts being with repeat clients. A robust program monitoring can function well within a public health system, when the system is streamlined and user‐friendly; and its findings are shared back in a timely manner to facilitate evidence‐based decision making to improve quality.Grant Funding Source: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, through Alive & Thrive Initiative, managed by FHI360
The 2nd Health Japan 21: goals and challenges (632.19)
Authors: Nishi Nobuo 
Published: June 2021

Prevention of non‐communicable diseases is increasingly important in a super‐aged society of Japan. In 2000, Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan started Health Japan 21 as goal‐oriented health promotion measures like the Healthy People in the US and the Health of the Nation in the UK. Its second term started in 2013 with the aim of extending healthy life expectancy and reducing health inequalities. Improvement of individuals' lifestyles and social environment will help achieve the goal of the 2nd Health Japan 21.Target items on nutrition and dietary life in the 2nd Health Japan 21 are as follows.1. Increase of people maintaining desirable body weight 2. Increase of people taking diet of appropriate quantity and quality a) Increase of people taking meals with staple food, main dish and side dish at least twice a day b) Reduction of salt intake c) Increase of consumption of fruit and vegetable 3. Decrease of children taking meals alone 4. Increase of food companies and restaurants that reduce salt and fat in food 5. Increase of 'special meal service facilities' that practice meal planning and cooking, and nutrition evaluation and improvement for users In some of the items, the National Health and Nutrition Survey is used to monitor current situation of the Japanese. In the presentation, methods and results of the survey are introduced, and challenges for the 2nd Health Japan 21 are discussed.
Will students eat more fruits and vegetables if school policies include longer lunch periods or letting students play first? (632.4)
Authors: Rosen Nila , Fenton Keenan , Patterson Tracey , Ritchie Lorrene 
Published: June 2021

Aim: Simple school policies that increase fruit and vegetable intake in children are needed. The study aim was to evaluate the relationship of duration of lunch and order of play and eating during the lunch period with fruit and vegetables (FV) intake. A secondary aim was to examine if differences existed in these relationships by student gender, ethnicity, language spoken at home, and school lunch source.Methods: A diary‐assisted 24‐hour recall was collected during the 2011‐12 school year from 3,463 4th‐5th graders attending 44 elementary schools in California. School lunch characteristics were attained from school staff and observation. The associations of play before eating and duration of lunch with FV intake were estimated using generalized estimation equations.Results: FV intake did not significantly differ by lunch period length. Overall, lunch FV intake was not significantly higher for students who had a play before versus after eating lunch schedule. Variables in the model showed significant interaction with play before eating, requiring separate effect estimates by gender, ethnicity, language spoken at home, and lunch source. When a significant effect was predicted, play before eating had a positive impact among students who brought lunch from home.Conclusions: Play before eating may help some elementary students to increase FV intake. Although these policies and other environmental school policies need further rigorous evaluation.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Orfalea Foundation
Policy change improves nutrition environments of central Texas child‐care centers (632.7)
Authors: Bates Kristin , Biediger‐Friedman Lesli , Thompson Courtney , Crixell Sylvia , Friedman B.J. 
Published: June 2021

More than one third of US children are overweight or obese. With 70% of all children under the age of 6 cared for child‐care centers (CCCs), CCCs provide an optimal avenue for establishing healthy lifestyles. Nutrition practices and policies play an important role in influencing health behaviors. In this study, after Institutional Review Board approval, policies were collected from 32 central Texas CCCs; a training workshop was held offering instruction on creating policies to improve nutrition in CCCs, and policies were again collected from 24 CCCs post‐intervention. Centers’ policies were assessed and sorted into categories. Scores (0‐3) were assigned categorically for each CCC based on whether a policy existed, and on the degree of detail and implementation. Frequencies were determined and policy categories/themes were linked to other intervention data sets such as menu analysis and staff knowledge and behaviors using NVIVO 10. Pre‐intervention, more policies were related to meals, snacks, infant feeding, allergies, and celebrations. Post‐intervention, analysis showed that additional policies were created, including policies regarding breastfeeding and sweets (e.g. cupcakes). Comparison of pre‐ and post‐intervention scores suggests that the training workshop had a positive impact on policies influencing the nutrition environment of the CCCs.Grant Funding Source: Texas State University Research Enhancement Program
Association between vitamin D status and physical performance in young adult females (634.4)
Authors: Townley Kirsten , Johnson Emily , Scholten Shane , Birger Chad , Sergeev Igor 
Published: June 2021

Vitamin D concentration has been positively associated with muscular strength in elderly and children, primarily using hand grip strength. The purpose of this study was to determine if a correlation exists between vitamin D status (serum concentration of 25(OH)D) and muscular performance in young adult females. Fourteen healthy females (20.6 ± 1.6 yrs) participated in physical performance tests, which included vertical jump (VJ), hand grip strength (HG), 10 meter dash time (10 m), isokinetic knee extension at 60 deg/s (IKE), and isokinetic elbow flexion at 60 deg/s (IEF). Data collection was performed in Sioux Falls, SD (latitude 43.5⁰N) between June and August of 2013. 25(OH)D was measured using chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) (DiaSorin, Inc.). 25(OH)D serum concentration was 39.9 ± 11.4 ng/mL (mean ± SD), and all subjects were vitamin D sufficient (25 (OH)D >20 ng/mL). A positive correlation was found between 25(OH)D and IEF (r=0.578; p=0.019). However, 25(OH)D was not significantly associated with VJ (r=0.268), HG (r= ‐0.403), 10m (r= ‐0.114), and IKE (r=0.326). The results obtained suggest that vitamin D status at the level of 30‐50 ng/mL is sufficient for optimal physical performance in young adult females.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH grant P20GM103443
Metabolic surgery influences gene expression profiles in offspring through gene‐environment interactions (636.1)
Authors: Guénard Frédéric , Lamontagne Maxime , Deshaies Yves , Cianflone Katherine , Kral John , Marceau Picard , Bossé Yohan , Vohl Marie‐Claude 
Published: June 2021

Gestational weight gain and obesity predispose offspring to lifelong obesity and its comorbidities. We demonstrated that offspring born after maternal gastrointestinal bypass surgery (AMS) were less obese and exhibited improved cardiometabolic risk profiles compared to siblings born before maternal surgery (BMS). Objective: To examine relationships between gestational obesity and offspring gene variations and expression levels. Methods: Whole‐genome genotyping and gene expression of 22 BMS and 23 AMS siblings from 19 mothers were conducted using Illumina HumanOmni‐5‐Quad and HumanHT‐12 v4 Expression BeadChips, respectively. We tested gene‐by‐maternal surgical status interactions on offspring gene expression levels in whole blood using PLINK. Altered biological pathways were identified and visualized by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Results: A total of 16,060 genes were expressed in siblings. Significant gene‐by‐maternal surgical status interactions (p 蠄 1.22x10‐12) were found for 525 transcripts. Eighteen pathways were enriched for these transcripts, including 12 related to cellular stress and signaling, immune response and inflammation, and growth, proliferation and development. Conclusion: This study implies that gestational metabolic obesity interacts with offspring’s gene variations to modulate gene expression levels.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the CIHR
Streptozotocin‐induced type‐1‐diabetes disease onset in rats is associated with altered intestinal microbiota composition coupled with decreased diversity (637.10)
Authors: Patterson Elaine , Marques Tatiana , O’Sullivan Orla , Fitzgerald Pat , Ross R. Paul , Fitzgerald Gerald , Cotter Paul , Dinan Timothy , Cryan John , Stanton Catherine 
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of streptozotocin (STZ) induced type‐1‐diabetes (T1D) onset on intestinal microbiota composition in Sprague‐Dawley rats compared with healthy control animals over time. The data revealed that while intestinal microbiota composition between the groups was similar at week 0 (before STZ injection), a dramatic impact of T1D development and progression was apparent following STZ injection up to 5 weeks. Most notably, T1D onset was associated with a shift in the Bacteroidetes: Firmicutes ratio (P < 0.05), while at the genus level, increases in lactate producing bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were associated with the later stages of diabetes progression (P < 0.05). T1D onset was also associated with reduced intestinal microbiota diversity (P < 0.05). Principle coordinates analysis (PCoA) demonstrated temporal clustering in T1D and control groups over time with separation of the T1D clusters at each time point from the healthy control animals. The results provide a comprehensive account of how T1D onset is associated with progressively altered intestinal microbiota composition and reduced microbial diversity was seen with disease progression over time following T1D induction.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Science Foundation of Ireland – funded Centre for Science, Engineering and Technology,
Effects of obesity on gut microbiota using the obese Zucker rat model (637.2)
Authors: Hakkak Reza , Korourian Soheila , Foley Steven , Erickson Bruce 
Published: June 2021

Obesity has been epidemic in the United States for more than two decades. Previously, we reported that obesity promotes DMBA‐induced mammary tumor development using the obese Zucker rat model. The intestinal microbiota is composed of a diverse population of obligate and facultative anaerobic microorganisms, and these organisms carry out a broad range of metabolic activities. Obesity has been linked to changes in the intestinal microbiota, but the composition of the bacterial population in lean and obese Zucker rats has not been carefully studied. Therefore, the objective of study was to determine the effects of obesity on the gut microbiota in this model strain. Lean and obese female Zucker rats (n=16) were assigned to AIN‐93‐G diet for 8 weeks. Fecal samples were collected at the end of the experiment. Quantitative group‐specific real‐time PCR was used to evaluate the composition of the fecal bacterial populations. Differences in the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratios and levels of Actinobacteria present were associated with the subsequent lean or obese state. Our preliminary results suggest that there are differences between gut microbiota of the lean and obese rats using the Zucker rat model. Further investigation will be needed to determine the effects of obesity on gut microbiota in relation to DMBA‐induced mammary tumor formation.Grant Funding Source: UAMS Children University Medical Group
Intestinal microbiome colonization patterns differ prior to late onset sepsis in premature infants (637.3)
Authors: Taft Diana , Ward Doyle , Schibler Kurt , Yu Zhuoteng , Newburg David , Morrow Ardythe 
Published: June 2021

Late onset sepsis (LOS), a major cause of illness and death in premature infants, may be caused by translocation of bacteria through the permeable gut of the preterm infant. To test this, we studied 28 LOS cases frequency matched on gestational age (GA) to 28 controls. Infants were <33 weeks GA from Cincinnati. Cases and controls did not differ by race, gender, delivery mode or birthweight. Stool samples were collected prospectively prior to sepsis for the first 2 weeks of life. Using DNA from stool samples, we sequenced the 16s rRNA gene with universal primers by Illumina MiSeq. Operational taxonomic unit (OTU) tables were analyzed by linear discriminant analysis effect size algorithm with significance at p<0.05. Week 1 of life case samples were significantly enriched in OTUs classified as Enterobacteriaceae. Analysis of week 2 samples found that infants who developed Gram positive LOS were significantly enriched in OTUs of Gram positive Staphylococcus, while infants who subsequently developed Gram negative LOS were significantly enriched in OTUs of Gram negative Enterobacteriaeae. The most common causative organisms in our study were Staphylococcus species in Gram positive LOS and Enterobacteriaceae species in Gram negative LOS. Our findings support the hypothesis that the gut microbiota contribute to increased risk of LOS. A larger study of LOS, infant genetics, and microbial colonization is ongoing.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIAID contract no. HHSN272200900018C; NICHD R01 HD059140; and NIEHS T32 ES010957
Soybean phytoestrogen enhances the antimicrobial peptides beta‐defensin‐2 synthesis in endometrial epithelial cells with lipopolysaccharides and polyinosinic‐polycytidylic acid stimulation (639.8)
Authors: Srisomboon Yotesawee , Buathong Noratee , Kiatprasert Pongpat , Poonyachoti Sutthasinee , Deachapunya Chatsri 
Published: June 2021

β‐defensins (BD) are antimicrobial peptides that contribute the mucosal innate immunity. Its expression is regulated by sex steroid hormones. Phytoestrogens genistein (Ge) and daidzein (Di) mostly found in soybean are structurally similar to estrogen. This study aims to examine the effect of phytoestrogens on the synthesis and secretion of BD in endometrial epithelial cells under pathogenic conditions. The cells were cultivated in estrogen‐free media in the presence of phytoestrogen for 48 h following with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or polyinosinic‐polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) stimulation. The mRNA expression and the secretion of BD were analyzed by real‐time PCR and ELISA, respectively. The cells expressed and secreted BD2 with a greater extent than other BD subtypes (BD1, 3 or 4). A 4‐h inoculation with poly I:C decreased the BD2 secretion. Pretreatment with Ge (0.1 nM or 1 μM) increased both the expression and secretion of BD2 in response to LPS. However, Ge at 0.1 nM prevented the poly I:C suppressed BD2 secretion. Under poly I:C inoculation, Di (0.1 nM) induced the BD2 secretion but it did not affect the expression. This study provides the first evidence and a role of BD in mucosal defense against pathogen in glandular endometrial epithelium. The differential modulation of the expression and secretion of BD by soybean phytoestrogen could be applied for protection of female reproductive tract from pathogen invasions.Grant Funding Source: Thailand Research Fund
Energy expenditure in obese and weight cycled mice (640.5)
Authors: Chusyd Daniella , Johnson Maria , Smith Daniel , Yang Yongbin , Allison David , Nagy Tim 
Published: June 2021

Male C57BL/6J mice were used to investigate diet‐induced obesity with subsequent weight loss and regain (weight cycling – WC; n=9). Mice were ad libitum fed a high fat diet (45% cal from fat) from 2months until 24months of age (ever obese – EO; n=8), with a subset randomized at 11months of age to periodic caloric restriction and re‐feeding (WC). A full “weight cycle” was ~ 3.5months. Energy expenditure (EE) was measured at 17.5 and 24months of age after weight regain. There were no significant differences in body weight, fat mass, or lean mass between groups at either time point after weight regain, nor was there a significant difference in EE over time for either group (P>0.05). WC had a higher resting energy expenditure (REE) compared to the EO group at 24months of age when controlling for fat free mass (P=0.0257). WC may not affect EE as there were no differences between total energy expenditure, non‐resting energy expenditure, or respiratory exchange ratio at either time point, while the increased REE in the WC at 24months may indicate the animals were not yet in energy balance.Grant Funding Source: This study was supported in part by NIH grants R01AG033682, P30DK056336, P60DK079626, and T32HL10053
Effects of pistachio consumption on body composition and blood lipids in healthy young women (640.6)
Authors: Burns‐Whitmore Bonny , Hall Laura , Bushnell Alison , Towne Amy , Roy Soma 
Published: June 2021

Research regarding the beneficial regular pistachio intake on body composition and blood lipids is limited in healthy subjects. Thus, we sought to investigate the effects of pistachio consumption in young, healthy females (N=48, mean age=21±0.51). We utilized a free‐living crossover design with two 10‐week treatment periods‐ pistachios added (20% of Kcals), a no pistachio control treatment, and a 15‐week washout period. After a 12‐hour fast, blood lipids, waist circumference (WC), weight, body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis), and blood pressure (BP) measurements were taken at the beginning and end of each treatment. Pistachios were provided weekly in pre‐measured sealed snack bags to the participants, and empty bags and diet data were collected at that time. A mixed effects model determined the effect of the treatments. Neither treatment had a significant effect on blood lipids, body weight, WC, percent body fat, or BP; however, LDL (80.8±1.21 vs. 81.5±1.18), cholesterol (160±1.41 vs. 162±1.36), triglycerides (80.8±2.52 vs.84.0±2.46), WC (28.3±0.10 vs. 28.4±0.10), and systolic/diastolic BP (106±1.24/66.6±0.64 vs. 106±1.26/67.2±0.65) were slightly lower in the pistachio groups versus the habitual groups, respectively (P>0.05). Inclusion of 20% of Kcals as pistachios in the diet does not contribute to weight gain or body fat changes, and may even potentially improve blood lipids and BP.Grant Funding Source: Supported by: Agricultural Research Institute