bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in bile acid subtypes and long‐term successful weight‐loss in response to weight‐loss diets: The POUNDS lost trial
Authors: Heianza Yoriko , Zhou Tao , He Hua , Rood Jennifer , Clish Clary B. , Bray George A. , Sacks Frank M. , Qi Lu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsPrimary bile acids (BAs) are synthesized in the liver and secondary BAs result from intestinal microbial activity. Different subtypes of BAs may be involved in regulating adiposity and energy homeostasis. We examined how changes in circulating BA subtypes induced by weight‐loss diets were associated with improvements in adiposity, regional fat deposition and energy metabolism among overweight and obese adults.MethodsThe study included 551 subjects who participated in a 2‐year weight‐loss diet intervention trial. Circulating 14 BA subtypes (primary and secondary unconjugated BAs and their taurine‐/glycine‐conjugates) were measured at baseline and 6 months. Associations of changes in BAs with changes in weight, waist circumference, resting energy expenditure (REE), body fat composition and fat distribution were evaluated.ResultsGreater decreases in primary BAs (cholate and chenodeoxycholate) and secondary BAs (deoxycholate and lithocholate) and their conjugates (except for glycolithocholate) were associated with more decreases in weight and waist circumference at 6 months (P‐after‐false‐discovery‐rate‐correction [PFDR] < .05). We found that changes in glycocholate and glycoursodeoxycholate were consistently associated with reductions of general and central adiposity, REE, whole‐body fat and visceral adipose tissue (PFDR < .05). Further, the initial (6‐month) changes in BA subtypes were differently predictive of successful weight loss over 2 years.ConclusionsThe decreases in primary and secondary BA subtypes after eating low‐calorie weight‐loss diets were significantly associated with improving adiposity, fat accumulation and energy metabolism, suggesting that specific BA subtypes would be predictive of long‐term successful weight loss and individuals' response to the treatment of weight‐loss diets.
Lions and brown bears colonized North America in multiple synchronous waves of dispersal across the Bering Land Bridge
Authors: Salis Alexander T. , Bray Sarah C. E. , Lee Michael S. Y. , Heiniger Holly , Barnett Ross , Burns James A. , Doronichev Vladimir , Fedje Daryl , Golovanova Liubov , Harington C. Richard , Hockett Bryan , Kosintsev Pavel , Lai Xulong , Mackie Quentin , Vasiliev Sergei , Weinstock Jacobo , Yamaguchi Nobuyuki , Meachen Julie A , Cooper Alan , Mitchell Kieren J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Bering Land Bridge connecting North America and Eurasia was periodically exposed and inundated by oscillating sea levels during the Pleistocene glacial cycles. This land connection allowed the intermittent dispersal of animals, including humans, between Western Beringia (far northeast Asia) and Eastern Beringia (northwest North America), changing the faunal community composition of both continents. The Pleistocene glacial cycles also had profound impacts on temperature, precipitation and vegetation, impacting faunal community structure and demography. While these palaeoenvironmental impacts have been studied in many large herbivores from Beringia (e.g., bison, mammoths, horses), the Pleistocene population dynamics of the diverse guild of carnivorans present in the region are less well understood, due to their lower abundances. In this study, we analyse mitochondrial genome data from ancient brown bears (Ursus arctos; n = 103) and lions (Panthera spp.; n = 39), two megafaunal carnivorans that dispersed into North America during the Pleistocene. Our results reveal striking synchronicity in the population dynamics of Beringian lions and brown bears, with multiple waves of dispersal across the Bering Land Bridge coinciding with glacial periods of low sea levels, as well as synchronous local extinctions in Eastern Beringia during Marine Isotope Stage 3. The evolutionary histories of these two taxa underline the crucial biogeographical role of the Bering Land Bridge in the distribution, turnover and maintenance of megafaunal populations in North America.
Exploring the relationship between depression and different multimorbidity patterns among older people covered by long‐term care insurance in Shanghai, China
Authors: Li Cancan , Peng Wenjia , Li Mengying , Li Xinghui , Yang Tingting , Yan Huosheng , Wang Zijing , Jia Xianjie , Hu Zhi , Wang Ying 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundDepression is common in patients with multimorbidity, but little is known about the relationship between depression and multimorbidity. The purpose of our research was to investigate multimorbidity patterns and their association with depression in a sample of older people covered by long‐term care insurance in Shanghai, China.MethodThis was a population‐based cross‐sectional study, with 1871 participants aged ≥60 years old who are covered by Shanghai long‐term care insurance. Multimorbidity was defined as the presence of two or more chronic diseases at the same time. We collected information on chronic conditions using a self‐reported medical history, and we used the 30‐item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS‐30) to evaluate depressive symptoms. Patterns of multimorbidity were identified with exploratory factor analysis, using oblimin rotation. Logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between multimorbidity patterns and depressive symptoms.ResultsAmong the participants, the prevalence of multimorbidity was 64.7%, and the prevalence of depression was 64.6%. Hypertension, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease (CVD), and cataracts showed strong associations with depression when co‐occurring with other conditions. Three patterns of multimorbidity were identified: a musculoskeletal pattern, cardiometabolic pattern, and degenerative disease pattern. Among these, the cardiometabolic (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.223; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.102, 1.357) and degenerative disease (AOR 1.185; 95% CI 1.071, 1.311) patterns were associated with a higher risk of depressive symptoms.ConclusionTwo of three multimorbidity patterns were found to be associated with depression. Physical and psychological dimensions require greater attention in the care of older adults who are covered by long‐term care insurance.
The numerical solutions of linear semidiscrete evolution problems on the half‐line using the Unified Transform Method
Authors: Cisneros Jorge , Deconinck Bernard 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe discuss a semidiscrete analogue of the Unified Transform Method (UTM), introduced by A. S. Fokas, to solve initial‐boundary‐value problems for linear evolution partial differential equations of constant coefficients. The semidiscrete method is applied to various spacial discretizations of several first‐ and second‐order linear equations on the half‐line , producing the exact solution for the semidiscrete problem, given appropriate initial and boundary data. We additionally show how the UTM treats derivative boundary conditions and ghost points introduced by the choice of discretization stencil and propose the notion of “natural” discretizations. We consider the continuum limit of the semidiscrete solutions and provide several numerical examples.
Numerical Investigations Into Nonlinear Vibro-Ultrasonics and Surface Vibration Comparison Method for Detection of Defects in a Composite Laminate
Authors: Singh Ashish Kumar , Tan Vincent B. C. , Tay Tong Earn , Lee Heow Pueh 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper begins with a numerical study based on earlier experiments of nonlinear vibro-ultrasonic behavior of a composite laminate with a delamination defect upon sinusoidal linear sweep signal excitation. A methodology to model laminates with cross-ply layup is presented which can be extended to any layup if desired. In comparison to experiments where it is challenging to visualize the fine details of vibrations, simulations make it easier to visualize and help in optimizing the defect probing methods. The paper goes on to discuss with the help of numerical results that a separation gap between the delamination surfaces occurs to be a common cause for the failure of nonlinear vibro-ultrasonic methods to detect delamination defects. This constraint can often be overcome with application of higher excitation amplitudes as has been demonstrated in several experimental works. However, in this study, a new approach named surface vibration comparison method to probe delamination defects in the absence of contact acoustic nonlinearity is proposed as a proof-of-concept. The technique is then evaluated for detection of weak kissing bond defects in composite beam specimens. Both the experimental and simulation results show potential of the method as damage detection technique in thin composite structures.
SDHBvariant type impacts phenotype and malignancy in pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma
Authors: Bayley Jean Pierre , Bausch Birke , Jansen Jeroen C , Hensen Erik F , van der Tuin Karin , Corssmit Eleonora PM , Devilee Peter , Neumann Hartmut PH 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundTraditional genotype-phenotype correlations for the succinate dehydrogenase-complex II (SDH) genes linkSDHBvariants to thoracic-abdominal pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma (PPGL) andSDHDvariants to head and neck paraganglioma (HNPGL). However, in a recent study we found strong and specific genotype-phenotype associations forSDHDvariants. In the present study we zoom in on the genotype-phenotype associations ofSDHBgene variants, considering the impact of individual gene variants on disease risk and risk of malignancy.MethodsWe analysed two large independent data sets, including a total of 448 patients with PPGL and HNPGL, and studied the association of missense or truncatingSDHBvariants with tumour incidence, age of onset and malignancy risk using binomial testing and Kaplan-Meier analysis.ResultsCompared with missense variants, truncatingSDHBvariants were significantly and consistently more common in patients with PPGL, by a 20 percentage point margin. Malignancy was also significantly more common in truncating versus missense variant carriers. No overall differences in age of PPGL onset were noted between carriers of the two variant types, although some individual variants may differ in certain cases. Missense variants were marginally over-represented among patients with HNPGL, but the difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionSDHBtruncating variants convey an elevated risk for development of both PPGL and malignancy compared with missense variants. These results further support earlier robust associations between truncating variants and PPGL, and also suggest that the two variant types differ in their impact on complex II function, with PPGL/HNPGL tissues displaying differing sensitivities to changes in complex II function.
Hospitalised heat-related acute kidney injury in indoor and outdoor workers in the USA
Authors: Shi Dallas S , Weaver Virginia M , Hodgson Michael J , Tustin Aaron W 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesTo characterise heat-related acute kidney injury (HR-AKI) among US workers in a range of industries.MethodsTwo data sources were analysed: archived case files of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s (OSHA) Office of Occupational Medicine and Nursing from 2010 through 2020; and a Severe Injury Reports (SIR) database of work-related hospitalisations that employers reported to federal OSHA from 2015 to 2020. Confirmed, probable and possible cases of HR-AKI were ascertained by serum creatinine measurements and narrative incident descriptions. Industry-specific incidence rates of HR-AKI were computed. A capture–recapture analysis assessed under-reporting in SIR.ResultsThere were 608 HR-AKI cases, including 22 confirmed cases and 586 probable or possible cases. HR-AKI occurred in indoor and outdoor industries including manufacturing, construction, mail and package delivery, and solid waste collection. Among confirmed cases, 95.2% were male, 50.0% had hypertension and 40.9% were newly hired workers. Incidence rates of AKI hospitalisations from 1.0 to 2.5 hours per 100 000 workers per year were observed in high-risk industries. Analysis of overlap between the data sources found that employers reported only 70.6% of eligible HR-AKI hospitalisations to OSHA, and only 41.2% of reports contained a consistent diagnosis.ConclusionsWorkers were hospitalised with HR-AKI in diverse industries, including indoor facilities. Because of under-reporting and underascertainment, national surveillance databases underestimate the true burden of occupational HR-AKI. Clinicians should consider kidney risk from recurrent heat stress. Employers should provide interventions, such as comprehensive heat stress prevention programmes, that include acclimatisation protocols for new workers, to prevent HR-AKI.
Linking the Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Program to commercial claims to establish a framework for real-world longitudinal stroke research
Authors: Patorno Elisabetta , Schneeweiss Sebastian , George Mary G , Tong Xin , Franklin Jessica M , Pawar Ajinkya , Mogun Helen , Moura Lidia M V R , Schwamm Lee H 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundNon-interventional large-scale research on real-world patients who had a stroke requires the use of multiple data sources ensuring access to longitudinal data from large populations with clinically-detailed information. We sought to establish a framework for longitudinal research on patients hospitalised with stroke by linking information-rich, deidentified inpatient data from the Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Program (PCNASP) to commercial and Medicare Advantage longitudinal claims data.MethodsAll stroke admissions in PCNASP between 2008 and 2015 were evaluated for linkage to longitudinal claims from a commercial insurer using an algorithm based on six available common data fields (patient age, gender, admission date, discharge date, discharge diagnosis and state) and a hospital match. We evaluated the linkage quality (via the percentage of unique records in the linked dataset) and the representativeness of the linked population. We also described medical history, stroke severity and patterns of medication use among the PCNASP-claims linked cohort.ResultsThe linkage produced uniqueness equal to 99.1%. We identified 5644 linked and 98 896 unlinked patients who had an ischaemic stroke hospitalisation in claims data. Linked patients were younger than unlinked (69.7 vs 72.5 years), but otherwise similar by medical history, prestroke medication use or lab values. Stroke severity was mild and most patients were discharged home. Prestroke and discharge use of antihypertensive and statins in the PCNASP were greater than their use as measured by filled prescriptions in claims.ConclusionsHigh-quality linkage between the PCNASP and commercial claims data is feasible. This linkage identified differences between reported or recommended versus actual out-of-hospital medication utilisation, highlighting the importance of longitudinal data availability for research aimed to improve the care of patients who had a stroke.
An Analytical Solution for Non-Darcian Flow on a Constant Head Packer Test in the Interlayer Staggered Zone
Authors: Shen Qi , Zhou Zhifang , Chen Meng , Li Sijia , Wang Zhe , Li Yabing 
Published: November 2021

Groundwater flow in an aquifer has frequently been found to be non-Darcian by performing in situ tests. A novel analytic model is proposed in this study for describing the unsteady non-Darcian flow in a confined aquifer by taking advantage of the observed flow rate and injection pressure during the constant head packer test. A linearization approximation of the Izbash equation is used to approximate the nonlinear term in the governing equation. This analytic model is applied to describe the non-Darcian flow in the interlayer staggered zone at the Baihetan hydropower station, China. The test results inversed by the genetic algorithm show that non-Darcian flow happened during the test under the injection pressure 0.3 MPa with the power index

n

is 1.278, non-Darcian hydraulic conductivity

k

1

is

1.613
×

10

−
5

cm/s and the specific storage

S

s

is

9.757
×

10

−
5

m-1, respectively. The sensitivity analysis indicated that when the power index

n

or the specific storage

S

s

is larger, and the hydraulic head will increase more slowly and needs longer to stabilize, but the non-Darcian hydraulic conductivity

k

1

shows the opposite trend. Moreover, the hydraulic head is more sensitive to the power index

n

compared to other parameters at late times. The findings of this study reveal the non-Darcian flow during the constant head packer test and provide a simple and fast way to estimate parameters for more accurate seepage field simulation.
A Correlation Study between Self-esteem and Romantic Jealousy among University Students
Authors: Y. Go Jenina Paula , Chan Jaeyanne A. , Cruz Mary Julianne T. Dela , Gomez Thrissa Marie , Arcinas Myla M. 
Published: November 2021

This correlation study aimed to determine the association between the level of self-esteem and romantic jealousy among selected undergraduate university students from Metro Manila, Philippines. The researchers conducted an online survey with the use of self-administered questionnaires. Purposive non-probability sampling was used to identify the 40 respondents for this study. to gather respondents. Descriptive and inferential statistics. Majority of the respondents were females (23 out of 40) and in their early stage of relationship (1-4 months). Results show that the respondents have a moderate level of self-esteem (median of 3) and high level of romantic jealousy (median of 5). A statistically significant inverse correlation was found between their level of self-esteem and romantic jealousy (r =-0.185, p<.05). The result suggests that the higher their level of self-esteem, the lower the romantic jealousy, i.e. romantic jealousy has no space if one is confident in one's romantic relationship.
Mobile Virtual Laboratory as Innovative Strategy to Improve Learners’ Achievement, Attitudes, and Learning Environment in Teaching Chemistry
Authors: Samosa Resty C. 
Published: November 2021

As our world becomes more technologically advanced, research suggests that technology-rich learning environments support students as well. Mobile Virtual Laboratories can be used to replicate physical laboratories and augment the incorporation of technology inside science classrooms in an attempt to provide students with laboratory experiences that would not otherwise be available in high school settings. This study measured the effectiveness of mobile virtual laboratory as innovative strategy to improve learners’ achievement, attitudes, and learning environment in teaching chemistry. The study utilized one-group pretest–posttest design. The innovative strategy is calculated using this design by measuring the difference between the pretest and posttest scores, attitudes and learning environment in teaching chemistry. The study revealed that the utilization of the innovative strategy mobile virtual laboratory in teaching chemistry showed that learners have a strong positive attitude. More so, the learners have a strong positive learning environment when exposed to the innovative strategy mobile virtual laboratory based on the six domain of learning environment in teaching chemistry. As shown by the significantly higher mean in the posttest than in the pretest, the innovative strategy mobile virtual laboratory had a positive impact on the learners' achievement. Consequently, the learners exposed to the mobile virtual laboratory in teaching chemistry are significantly differ in pretest and posttest results. The findings of this study have the potential to reassure educational professionals, contribute to the body of research within the field of chemistry achievement, attitudes, and learning environment, and encourage further research into the efficacy of mobile virtual laboratories as a teaching tool.
Stress in the Workplace, Depression, and Academic Workloads of Public School Teachers
Authors: Dominado Noel L. , Valdez Lilia G. 
Published: November 2021

Stress and depression are unavoidable in the workplace and have turn out to be a perennial have fascinated many researcher in modern eras. The current study aims to findings the relationship between demographic profile, stress, and depression in the workplace. A descriptive sequential explanatory research design was used. A questionnaire was adopted from the American Institute of stress (2011) and Depression organization New Zealand (n.d.), the open-ended question on academic workloads, and coping mechanism as the whole main instruments used to gather the data for the current study. A total of 100 public school teachers were randomly selected from 7 clusters in the Division of Pampanga – Philippines. The result showed that the majority of the respondents were between the ages 32-37 years old, 53% of them were male, 84% were junior high school teachers, and 26% had been serving four to seven years, the stress grand mean 2.13 which means they were disagreeing, a total score of 63% of the respondents was moderately well, the depression grand mean was 1.76 with a descriptive rating of several days, a total score of 57.6% of the respondents moderately well, but things may get worse. It is also revealed that there is no significant as to sex, depression, stress, teaching level, and educational attainment. While the age, depression, sex, stress, teaching level, depression, educational attainment, years in service to stress, depression stating that there is a highly significant.
The Role of Emerging Trends in Education
Authors: Mobo Froilan 
Published: November 2021

Emerging Technology Trends in Education is defined as those technologies that represent new and significant developments in the field like the Internet of Things (IoT), Education 4.0 which uses the Blending Learning, Augmented Reality, and Virtual Reality. In this time of Pandemic there are lots of challenges encountered like we cannot conduct a face to face classroom instruction and even the simulation of activities. Educational courses that require laboratory of simulation of activities is the biggest challenges because students are having hard time in understanding the practical real-time applications. In this time of Pandemic the evolution of Emerging Trends in Education helps a lot because it’s characteristics to adopt the requirements as required by the Inter-Agency Task Force on COVID-19 (IATF.)The purpose of the study is to help and strengthen the role of the Emerging Trends in our Education amidst the Pandemic and to help our Educational Sector boost up the level of education in the new Normal Approach and schools will be able to adapt these emerging technologies specially in this time of a pandemic. In conclusion Emerging Trends plays a vital role because majority of the educational sector are now using Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) in their practical laboratory exercises while at home.
Restore Recognition Of Legal Pluralism As A National Law Development Model That Is Justice
Authors: Nugroho Jati 
Published: November 2021

Article 18 B paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution explains that the state recognizes and respects the customary law community and their traditional rights as long as they are still alive. The purpose of macro-legal politics that accommodates written and unwritten laws is implemented in a variety of messo (intermediate) legal politics through various laws.
During this time the recognition of the existence of customary law as a manifestation of recognition of legal pluralism for example in Agrarian Law is often ignored. Then it takes recognition of strong legal pluralism in supporting legal development in Indonesia regulated in Law no. 17 of 2007 concerning the National Long-Term Development Plan of 2005. with due regard to the plurality of applicable legal arrangements.