bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on electric pulse destruction of diseased nematodes
Authors: Tashpulatov N T , Zakhidov R A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article presents the results of research on the use of electric discharges of current for the destruction of worms, larvae and galls of pathogenic nematodes. Nematodes consisting of round worms in the process of their vital activity penetrates the roots, stems and leaves of the plant, disrupting the integrity of tissues, cells and cellular structures, feeding on plant sap leads to lagging behind growth and development, contributes to the spread of various diseases, causes rot and infection. They can be found even in fruits and seeds of plants. Most often, worms form a kind of swelling growth in the roots, in the stems in the leaves and in the fruits, the growths of which are called galls. When unfavorable conditions arise, they move at an accelerated rate in the soil, maintaining their vitality. Therefore, their destruction using well-known methods such as agro technical, thermal biological, chemical, etc. is laborious and ineffective. The article describes an alternative electro technological method for the destruction of nematodes using electric current discharges, which provides the required destruction effect at the lowest cost.
Determination of the Optimal Parameters of the Jet Aeration
Authors: Radkevich M , Abdukodirova M , Shipilova K , Abdullaev B 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To ensure effective aeration of the biological wastewater treatment process, easy-to-operate and not too energy-intensive units are needed. Jet aerators have such capabilities. In this study, the authors searched for the best hole shape for the aeration nozzles. It was determined that a nozzle with an elongated hole has the largest size of the actively aerated zone. Experimental studies of nozzles of a diameter of 56 mm with nozzles of elongated shape showed that the best characteristics of mass transfer are provided by nozzles with a total area of holes of 356 mm2 at a flow rate of 10 … 12 m/s. For practical calculations, an equation was obtained for the dependence of the oxygen transfer coefficient KLa(20) on the complex criterion vn, and a method for calculating aeration units was developed, which is applicable for aerators with elongated holes.
Representatives of lepidoptera groups in plant biotocenosis and their effective parasite-entomophage types
Authors: Sulaymonov B A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article highlights interesting parts of ten years of scientific research, the development of fauna and bioecology and populations of more than 50 species of the main family Lepidoptera, which are found in the biocenosis of agricultural crops in Uzbekistan. Also, the species composition of representatives of the family Trichogrammatidae, Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, Chalcididae, Pteromalidae, Tachinidae from the main entomophagous species that effectively control the number of members of the family Lepidoptera was identified and systematically analyzed.
Scientific significance of using protective devices in pear storage in refrigerated warehouses (in the case of Uzbekistan)
Authors: Sh Azizov A , Sultonov K S , Gafurov J A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this article, a scientific study on the long-term storage of Santa Maria pears in refrigerated warehouses through using modern protective equipment, special bags and ethylene-absorbing absorbers, was conducted. Accordingly, the main factor influencing the long shelf life of pears was the natural loss during the storage. It was considered that calculation and analysis of effects inducing the natural loss were pivotal to improve the preservation of the fruit, maintain freshness and all useful elements of the fruit, and prolong the storage period. Ethylene absorber and Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) packages were used in the initial research step, and collected pears were placed in the refrigerator at a temperature of 0-2°C in 8 different Options. Results showed that the higher natural loss in the fruit stored without employing any means (in option 1) was 5.45% equal to 193.9 gram, whereas the best result was in Option 7 used the MAP special plastic bag and two pieces of absorbers, and compared to the initial weight, 4099 grams, the natural loss in the fruit was 1.20% equal to 47.7 gram.
Flow of simple superphosphate using two-stage decomposition of phosphorite
Authors: Otaboev Kh , Sherkuziev D , Namazov Sh , Radjabov R , Seytnazarov A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The methods for producing simple superphosphate by two-stage sulfuric acid decomposition of natural phosphates are analyzed. For the first stage, the process of decomposition of high-carbonate powdered phosphorite is studied depending on the rate of sulfuric acid from stoichiometry to the formation of H3PO4, its concentration and the reaction time of the starting components. For the second stage, the process of neutralization of phosphoric acid is studied, depending on the norm of phosphate rock for the formation of Ca(H2PO4)2. The drying process of superphosphate is carried out, in which granular superphosphate is obtained, and P2O5total. - 12%, P2O5free. - 4.6%, P2O5dig : P2O5total = 90%, P2O5 water : P2O5total = 79%.
Study on the improvement of the device for cleaning low-grade cotton with high- moisture
Authors: Khodjiev M T , Isaev Sh Sh 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article analyzes the importance of the process of ginning cotton with high pollution before ginning, the operation of the ginning device before ginning, the impact of the device nodes with the raw cotton. At the same time, the cleaning efficiency of the machine in the cleaning equipment from small and large contaminants, the basic control developments and calculation processes in the selection of the technological parameters of the cleaners are considered. It was suggested and analyzed that before the cotton was ginned, the cleaning device should be replaced with cone-tipped piles and a new belt extension to remove impurities instead of fine-grained drum piles. The impact strength and impact of the proposed conical-tipped pile drums on cotton have been studied.
Research of the reasons of increased drop in cotton seeds after generation with reduced density of raw roller
Authors: Agzamov M , Radjabov I , Yuldashev D 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Results of researches on definition of influence of density of the raw roller on pubescence of cotton seeds are given in article. The received mathematical model for calculation of contact pressure and movement of the raw roller in the form of a system from six equations with six unknown. The numerical results calculated on the computer. Sizes of shift and contact pressure for the set physic-mechanical and geometrical parameters of a system are determined. It is established that contact pressure significantly depends on elasticity (density) and angular speed of the raw roller. On the basis of the graphic data of contact pressure and contact movement of the raw roller received results of calculations the conclusion that with reduction of density of the raw roller conditions of capture of a short cotton slice worsen. The fact that the contact pressure and movement fluctuate during time is the reason of it, i.e. in the beginning the short cotton slice contacts to a saw, but during fractions of a second this contact is lost, also contact pressure similarly changes. Results of theoretical researches proved increase in a full pubescence of seeds after gin with reduction of density of the raw roller, i.e. one of the reasons of it is deterioration in conditions of capture of short cotton slices a saw - fluctuations of contact pressure and contact movement of the raw roller.
Search for ways to increase yield and improve product quality in the process of saw ginning
Authors: Agzamov M , Rakhmatov M , Agzamov M , Olimov O , Nosirov K 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article presents the results of research on increasing fiber yield and improving product quality by using a new design of the vas deferens from the working chamber. It has been experimentally established that the most rational in terms of yield and quality of fiber, seeds and gin productivity is the position of the seed comb when the axes of its pegs are directed 5-10 degrees above the axis of the saw cylinder. The smallest value of complete hairiness of seeds after gin was obtained when installing a lamellar seed comb. Its average value was 13.8%. At the same time, the fiber yield was maximum - 34.66%, and the highest productivity - 8.5 kg of fiber per saw per hour. The influence of the distance between the ends of the seed comb pegs and grates at their values of 10, 20, 30 mm on the ginning indices was investigated. A distance of 20 mm is recognized as optimal taking into account all indicators - fiber yield, complete pubescence, productivity, quality of fiber and seeds. An experimental working chamber equipped with lamellar combs was made. It has been tested in the production conditions of a pilot cotton mill.
Study on the perspectives of application of eco-friendly laser biotechnology for environmental protection in Uzbekistan
Authors: Tursunov O , Dobrowolski J W , Khujaev O , Abduganiev N , Nazarova O J , Yuldosheva D J 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Since few decades, the world is encountering unusual and daunting environmental challenges like global warming, climate change, pollution of the atmosphere and water, an emerging international crisis in water availability, long-term damage to ecosystems and substantial loss of biodiversity, waste production and disposal, damaged aquatic ecosystems, impacts of chemicals use and toxic substance disposal, as well as land degradation and deforestation. Accordingly, Uzbekistan has also been encountering some environmental issues, such as global Aral Sea crisis, soil erosion and desertification, wastewater, air pollution and a growing amount of municipal solid waste. Hence, this paper illustrates the major environmental challenges and risks in Uzbekistan, as well as, the possible application of environmentally friendly laser biotechnology for more efficient and rationale protection of ecosystems and wide-scale reclamation of deteriorated areas. Comprehensive use of laser irradiation can be effectively applied in environmental protection engineering and technologies for sustainable development in selected regions. Laser irradiation or photostimulation is a neoteric area and process of environmental biotechnology. In this process, coherent laser light is employed to optimize the natural processes involved in the bioremediation of xenobiotics or bioaccumulation of metals. Additionally, laser biotechnology could be broadly used for more efficient reclamation of contaminated soil, wastewater treatment, as well as for increasing the growth rate of irradiated plants and their resistance to various macro- and micro pollutants in the air, soil, and water.
Formulation of mayonnaise recipe enriched with biological active compounds of sesame cake
Authors: Gaipova Sh , Ruzibayev A , Khakimova Z , Salijanova Sh , Fayzullayev A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Today, scientific schools have been formed to improve the recipe and technology of mayonnaise. In the present study, a byproduct of an oilseed source, namely sesame cake, containing unique antioxidant compounds, such as lignans, is studied as a biologically active additive that can be used in the place of starch and synthetic antioxidants in mayonnaise. Sesame seed purchased from local markets. Sesamol standard was obtained from Sigma Chemical Company (USA). The experimental results have shown that regarding the taste, color, mouthfeel, and overall acceptability, the samples containing 10% sesame cake powder obtained the highest score. It is therefore recommended to use sesame cake powder at the concentration of 8-10% in mayonnaise formulation. The findings of this research could be useful for food industries to improve their products qualitatively.
Study on protective measures against diseases of almonds caused by fungi: A case study in Tashkent region of Uzbekistan
Authors: Yuldosheva D , Khujaev O , Gulmurodov R , Gulmurodova Sh 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Among the fruit trees, almond has a special place and is an ancient and traditional type of fruit crop for many countries of the world. Leading research centers around the world have conducted research to study the prevalence, development, damage, and control measures of the almond tree fungi Stigmina carpophila and Monilinia cinerea, which cause widespread perforated spot and moniliosis burns. As a result, it was possible to preserve the almond crop lost under the influence of these diseases. Even today, research aimed at developing effective measures to control the fungal diseases of the almond tree remains relevant.
Assimilation dynamics of saline soil areas by cultivating biomeliorant herbal plant in the lower Amudarya region
Authors: Jumaniyazov J , Tukhtayev B , Abdullaev I , Khudayberganov N , Iskandarov A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
5 types of herbal plants (Herbal Chamomile, Herbal Clove, Dyed Royan, Peppermint, Liquorice) were developed for growth and development, productivity and primary agro-technics of their cultivation in the saline soils of Khorezm region. Bio-ecological and bio-melioration properties of salt-tolerant herbal plants as assimilators in the process of assimilation of saline soils were studied. The adaptor-genetic potential of the selected herbal plants as a plant that assimilates in moderately and strongly saline soils was determined. The agrochemical properties of the soil and its mechanism have been developed in the process of bio-melioration carried out using the cultivation of assimilating herbal plants.
Dark-eyed females: sexually dimorphic prespawning coloration results from sex-specific physiological response to hormone exposure in the sand gobyPomatoschistus minutus(Gobiiformes: Gobiidae)
Authors: Olsson Karin H , Nilsson Sköld Helen , Merilaita Sami , Kvarnemo Charlotta 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe function and regulation of female nuptial colour signals are poorly understood. In fish, colour is often mediated by chromatophores, allowing for rapid and versatile signalling. Here, we examine a distinct but temporary black line around the eyes and snout (‘dark eyes’) displayed by female sand gobies before spawning and never observed in males. We investigate the regulatory mechanism of the display by analysing the number of melanophores in both sexes in vitro and their response to hormonal exposure. We also test the hypothesis that dark eyes serve an anti-glare function and focus the line of sight, by analysing the frequency, intensity and duration of the display in bright and dim light, with and without males present. We show that the sexes do not differ in terms of the number of melanophores, but that males and females respond in different ways to exposure to melanocyte-stimulating hormone, which has a stronger dilatory effect in females and results in a darker line. However, the darkness of the iris is not affected. Neither light levels nor the presence of potential mates affect the frequency of the dark eye display, but the display is longer lasting and more intense in the presence of smaller nest-holding males.
Separating and reintegrating latent variables to improve classification of genomic data
Authors: Payne Nora Yujia , Gagnon-Bartsch Johann A 
Published: December 2021

Summary
Genomic data sets contain the effects of various unobserved biological variables in addition to the variable of primary interest. These latent variables often affect a large number of features (e.g., genes), giving rise to dense latent variation. This latent variation presents both challenges and opportunities for classification. While some of these latent variables may be partially correlated with the phenotype of interest and thus helpful, others may be uncorrelated and merely contribute additional noise. Moreover, whether potentially helpful or not, these latent variables may obscure weaker effects that impact only a small number of features but more directly capture the signal of primary interest. To address these challenges, we propose the cross-residualization classifier (CRC). Through an adjustment and ensemble procedure, the CRC estimates and residualizes out the latent variation, trains a classifier on the residuals, and then reintegrates the latent variation in a final ensemble classifier. Thus, the latent variables are accounted for without discarding any potentially predictive information. We apply the method to simulated data and a variety of genomic data sets from multiple platforms. In general, we find that the CRC performs well relative to existing classifiers and sometimes offers substantial gains.
A timeframe for mint evolution: towards a better understanding of trait evolution and historical biogeography in Lamiaceae
Authors: Rose Jeffrey P , Xiang Chun-Lei , Sytsma Kenneth J , Drew Bryan T 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Lamiaceae are one of the largest and most economically important families of flowering plants. Despite focused study on relationships within subclades, higher-level relationships have been under-studied. Moreover, the herbaceous habit of much of the family has resulted in a poor fossil record and has hampered estimates of divergence times. Using a new dataset of five plastid loci from 178 members of Lamiaceae representing all subfamilies and nearly all tribes, we clarify major infrafamilial relationships and present a robust set of divergence times. We use this phylogenetic hypothesis as a platform to test previous hypotheses regarding the historical biogeography and evolution of major traits in the family. We confirm the placement of subfamily Nepetoideae, show continued uncertainty in the placement of subfamilies Ajugoideae and Premnoideae and highlight extreme discordance with recent results from nuclear data. Lamiaceae originated during the Late Cretaceous as woody plants with nutlet fruits and four stamens, probably in South-East Asia. Most subfamilies diverged during the Eocene, perhaps facilitated by climatic cooling. Our results provide a valuable set of secondary dates for Lamiaceae and highlight the need for focused study of subfamilies Callicarpoideae and Viticoideae. Our results also provide several hypotheses regarding trait or range-dependent diversification.
Modulation of the oral glucocorticoid system during black raspberry mediated oral cancer chemoprevention
Authors: Nedungadi Divya , Ryan Nathan , Anderson Kelvin , Lamenza Felipe F , Jordanides Pete P , Swingler Michael J , Rakotondraibe Liva , Riedl Kenneth M , Iwenofu Hans , Oghumu Steve 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Recent reports suggest that glucocorticoids (GCs), which can be synthesized in the oral mucosa, play an important role in cancer development. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to characterize the role of the oral GC system in oral cancer, and determine the effect of black raspberry (BRB) administration on GC modulation during oral cancer chemoprevention. We determined the expression of GC enzymes in various oral cancer cell lines, and investigated the role of the GC inactivating enzyme HSD11B2 on CAL27 oral cancer cells using siRNA mediated knockdown approaches. Using two in vivo models of oral carcinogenesis with 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide carcinogen on C57Bl/6 mice and F344 rats, we determined the effect of BRB on GC modulation during head and neck squamous cell carcinoma chemoprevention. Our results demonstrate that HSD11B2, which inactivates cortisol to cortisone, is downregulated during oral carcinogenesis in clinical and experimental models. Knockdown of HSD11B2 in oral cancer cells promotes cellular proliferation, invasion and expression of angiogenic biomarkers EGFR and VEGFA. An ethanol extract of BRB increased HSD11B2 expression on oral cancer cells. Dietary administration of 5% BRB increased Hsd11b2 gene and protein expression and reduced the active GC, corticosterone, in cancer-induced mouse tongues. Our results demonstrate that the oral GC system is modulated during oral carcinogenesis, and BRB administration upregulates Hsd11b2 during oral cancer chemoprevention. In conclusion, our findings challenge the use of synthetic GCs in head and neck cancer, and support the use of natural product alternatives that potentially modulate GC metabolism in a manner that supports oral cancer chemoprevention.
Outcomes of decreasing versus increasing cardiac troponin in patients admitted with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Surveillance Study
Authors: Arora Sameer , Cavender Matthew A , Chang Patricia P , Qamar Arman , Rosamond Wayne D , Hall Michael E , Rossi Joseph S , Kaul Prashant , Caughey Melissa C 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
The fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction requires an increase or decrease in cardiac troponin for the classification of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. We sought to determine whether the characteristics, management, and outcomes of patients admitted with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction differ by the initial biomarker pattern.

Methods
We identified patients in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Surveillance Study admitted with chest pain and an initially elevated cardiac troponin I, who presented within 12 hours of symptom onset and were classified with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. A change in cardiac troponin I required an absolute difference of at least 0.02 ng/mL on the first day of hospitalization, prior to invasive cardiac procedures.

Results
A total of 1926 hospitalizations met the inclusion criteria, with increasing cardiac troponin I more commonly observed (78%). Patients with decreasing cardiac troponin I were more often black (45% vs. 35%) and women (54% vs. 40%), and were less likely to receive non-aspirin antiplatelets (44% vs. 63%), lipid-lowering agents (62% vs. 80%), and invasive angiography (38% vs. 64%). Inhospital mortality was 3%, irrespective of the cardiac troponin I pattern. However, patients with decreasing cardiac troponin I had twice the 28-day mortality (12% vs. 5%; P=0.01). Fatalities within 28 days were more often attributable to non-cardiovascular causes in those with decreasing versus increasing cardiac troponin I (75% vs. 38%; P=0.01).

Conclusion
Patients presenting with chest pain and an initially elevated cardiac troponin I which subsequently decreases are less often managed by evidence-based therapies and have greater mortality, primarily driven by non-cardiovascular causes. Whether associations are attributable to type 2 myocardial infarction or a subacute presentation merits further investigation.