bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dominant Egg Surface Bacteria of Holotrichia Oblita (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Inhibit The Multiplication of Bacillus Thuringiensis and Beauveria Bassiana
Authors: Wang Kui , Liu Qi , Liu Chunqin , Geng Lili , Wang Guirong , Zhang Jie , Shu Changlong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Many species of scarabs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) are important pests. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and Beauveria bassiana (Bb) are entomopathogens that have been used as biocontrol agents of various pests. However, neither provides adequate control of scarab pests in the field. In this study, we used Holotrichia oblita, an important scarab pest in China, as a model to explore the reason of difficult to control. Compared to other scarabs, H. oblita could form a unique egg cocoon structure, in which the young larvae complete the initial development process. We analyzed the microbiome of eggs surface, egg cocoon and bulk soil respectively, and investigated the role of these microorganisms in pathogen infection. 16S rRNA gene analysis revealed low bacterial richness in egg surface with Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria dominating in terms of OTUs number, and indicated that the microbial community structure varied among egg and soil samples. Some dominant species of the egg surface have been reported to exhibit antimicrobial activity, which may contribute to the low susceptibility of young larvae to entomopathogens. The further confrontation culture analysis verified this hypothesis. We found that 11 of 28 cultivable isolates possessed antimicrobial activity against both Bt and Bb, and all isolates from egg surface samples showed antagonistic ability. Four isolates belonging to Pseudomonas showed strong Bt- and weak Bb-antagonistic ability, and this genus significantly increased in egg surface samples. This study demonstrated that H. oblita egg has a unique microbial community structure, containing microorganisms with antimicrobial activity against entomopathogens. These microorganisms protect the newly hatched larvae from pathogen infection.
Gene Expression Analysis of Induced Plum Pox Virus Resistance in Peach (Prunus Persica) by Almond (P. Dulcis) Grafting
Authors: Rubio Manuel , Martínez-García Pedro , Azam Nikbakht-Dehkordi , Prudencio Angela , Gómez Eva , Rodamilans Bernardo , Dicenta Federico , García Juan , Martínez-Gómez Pedro 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
No natural sources of resistance to Plum pox virus (PPV, sharka disease) have been identified in peach. However, previous studies have demonstrated that grafting ‘Garrigues’ almond onto ‘GF305’ peach seedlings heavily infected with PPV can progressively reduce disease symptoms and virus accumulation. Furthermore, grafting ‘Garrigues’ onto ‘GF305’ has completely prevented virus infection. This study aims to analyse the rewiring of gene expression associated with this resistance to PPV transmitted by grafting through phloem using RNA-Seq and RTqPCR analysis. A total of 18 candidate genes were differentially expressed after grafting ‘Garrigues’ almond onto healthy ‘GF305’ peach. Among the up-regulated genes, a HEN1 homolog stands out, which, together with the differential expression of RDR- and DCL2-homologs in some of the conditions assayed, suggests that the RNA silencing machinery is activated by PPV infection and can contribute to the resistance induced by ‘Garrigues’ almond. Glucan endo -1,3-Beta D-Glucosidase could be also relevant for the ‘Garrigues’-induced response, since its expression is much higher in ‘Garrigues’ than in ‘GF305’. We also discuss the potential relevance of the following in PPV infection and ‘Garrigues’-induced resistance: several pathogenesis-related proteins, No apical meristem proteins, the transcription initiation factor TFIIB, the Speckle-type POZ protein and a number of proteins involved in phytohormone signalling.
PSI-Guided Mandible-First Orthognathic Surgery: Maxillo-Mandibular Position Accuracy and Vertical Dimension Adjustability.
Authors: Badiali Giovanni , Bevini Mirko , Lunari Ottavia , Lovero Elisa , Ruggiero Federica , Bolognesi Federico , Feraboli Liliana , Bianchi Alberto , Marchetti Claudio 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In orthognathic surgery, patient-specific osteosynthesis implants (PSIs) represent a novel approach for the reproduction of the virtual surgical planning on the patient. The aim of this study is to analyse the quality of maxillo-mandibular positioning using a hybrid mandible-first mandibular-PSI guided procedure on twenty-two patients while the upper maxilla was fixed using manually-bent stock titanium miniplates. The virtual surgical plan was used to guide the design of PSIs and positioning guides, which were then 3D printed using biocompatible materials. A CBCT scan was performed one month after surgery and postoperative facial skeletal models were segmented for comparison against the surgical plan. A three-dimensional cephalometric analysis was carried out on both planned and obtained anatomies. A Spearman correlation matrix was computed on the calculated discrepancies, in order to achieve a more comprehensive description of maxillo-mandibular displacement. Intraoperatively, all PSIs were successfully applied. The procedure was found to be accurate in planned maxillo-mandibular positioning reproduction, while maintaining a degree of flexibility to allow for aesthetics-based verticality correction in a pitch range between-5.31 and +1.79 mm. Such correction did not significantly affect the achievement of planned frontal symmetry.
Safety evaluation of a medical congress held during the COVID-19 pandemic – a prospective cohort
Authors: Flury Domenica , Sumer Johannes , Albrich Werner C. , Kahlert Christian R. , Mueller Nicolas J. , Risch Lorenz , Nigg Susanne , Seneghini Marco , Vernazza Pietro , Schlegel Matthias , Kohler Philipp 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background

Worldwide, scientific congresses are cancelled because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, scientific exchange is more important than ever, especially for infectious diseases and infection prevention specialists. Within a prospective cohort of congress attendees, we evaluated the safety concept of the 2020 congress of the Swiss Societies of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Hygiene.
Methods

The congress was held between September 2nd and 4th 2020 in Geneva (Switzerland), where COVID-19 incidence in the week during the congress was 65 cases /100 000 population within 7 days. A rigorous safety concept was implemented including universal face masking, physical distancing during sessions, and maximal reduction of social events. We invited congress attendees to participate in this prospective cohort and used an anonymized online questionnaire to assess risk perception, risk exposures, symptoms and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 of attendees before, during and after the congress. Dried blood spots were taken from attendees on-site and four weeks later to detect specific antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and to document seroconversions.
Results

A total of 365 people attended the congress, thereof 271 healthcare professionals. Of these, 196 (54%) either answered the questionnaire (N = 150) or provided baseline and follow-up blood samples (N = 168). None of the study participants reported a positive PCR result in the 2 weeks after the congress. Five of 168 (3%) participants were seropositive at follow-up, all of which had already been positive at baseline. The safety concept was deemed appropriate by 92% of the study participants and hygiene measures were performed correctly by the vast majority.
Conclusion

In this prospective cohort of congress attendees, no PCR positive cases or seroconversions could be documented after attending an on-site medical congress. These findings indicate that congresses with a rigorous safety concept may take place, even in areas with moderately-high COVID-19 activity.
Non-prescription use of Antibiotics and its Associated Factors in Drug Retail Outlet in Ambo Town, Oromiya, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bule Mohammed , Alemayehu Hika , Sileshi Tesemma , Chaka Eshetu E. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background

The non-prescription use of antibiotics is a major challenge faced by all nations. The practice is pronounced in developing and low-income countries where legislation and regulations are weak. The present study assessed the non-prescription use of antibiotics and associated factors in Ambo town, West Shoa, Oromiya, Ethiopia.
Methods

Institutional based cross-sectional study design supported with the qualitative study was conducted in Ambo town from February 1to March 1, 2020. Data were collected using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire and in-depth interview guide questions. Simple random sampling was used to select retail outlets and systematic random sampling to select study participants. The data analysis was done using SPSS and univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis were performed to identify factors associated with non-prescription use of antibiotics. Thematic framework analysis was applied for the qualitative data.
Results

From a 421 study sample, a total of 399 participants were interviewed with a 94.8% response rate. Among the study participants 214 (53.6) were males, 228 (57.1%) were married, 191(47.9%) were orthodox by religion and, 343(86%) were Oromo by ethnicity. One hundred seventy two (43.1%) 95% CI= (38.6, 48.1) of the participants had used non prescribed Antibiotics. Being male [AOR = 2.21 95%CI 1.276,3.835], residing in rural area [AOR = 3.659, 95%CI 1.479, 9.054], holding Diploma[AOR = 0.120, 95% CI 0.025, 0.591], and hold BSC Degree [AOR = 0.050, 95% CI 0.007, 0.378], and being farmer [AOR = 0.034, 95% CI 0.004, 0.285] showed significant association with the non prescription use of Antibiotics.
Conclusion

This study concluded that the non-prescription use of antibiotics 172 (43.1%) was relatively high. Being male, residing in a rural area, holding a diploma, BSc Degree, and being a farmer were significantly associated with non-prescription use of antibiotics. So West Shoa Zone regulatory body should actively focus on the prevention of non-prescription use of Antibiotics through health communication and public awareness on the demerits of non-prescription use of Antibiotics
The potent cytotoxicity effect of thymoquinone on Chinese ovarian carcinoma cell line HO-8910 mediated by activating autophagy pathway.
Authors: zhu runzhi , Ye Fei , Wang Xitong , Xia Tian , Yuan Xiao , Da Lanyue , Yin Qian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Ovarian cancer is known for its highest mortality rate in gynecological malignancy. Previous studies demonstrated that thymoquinone (TQ), a bioactive compound isolated from Nigella sativa L., is a potent anti-ovarian cancer agent, which inhibit tumor growth by modulating apoptotic activity. In this study, we found that the effect of chemotherapy on ovarian cancer cells in vitro varies by race/ethnicity. HO-8910 was established from Chinese patient with ovarian serous carcinoma. The results showed that HO-8910 displayed higher resistance to platinum than SKOV3. And further cell variability assay indicated that TQ exhibited dramatically inhibitory activity on HO-8910 and SKOV3. However, apoptosis and cell cycle analysis suggested TQ had multiple mechanisms for its cytotoxic effect. As for HO-8910, TQ could modulated expression level of several pivotal factors involving autophagy, including PI3K, ATG-7, Bectlin-1 and p62, but has little effect on p53, PARP and caspase-3, and no effect on Bax. Our results sustained that TQ was a promising anti-ovarian cancer candidate and its potential application in Chinese patients, even Asian patients , treatment in clinic.
Investigating Partner Involvement in Pregnancy and Identifying Barriers and Facilitators to Participating as a Couple in a Digital Healthy Eating and Physical Activity Intervention.
Authors: Rhodes Alexandra , Smith Andrea , Llewellyn Clare , Croker Helen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMaternal obesity and excessive gestational weight gain are associated with adverse maternal and foetal health outcomes. Interventions targeting dietary and physical activity behaviours during pregnancy have typically been directed at women only. A digital intervention targeting couples could encourage expectant parents to support each other in improving energy balance behaviours. AimsThis study aimed to investigate the role partners play in pregnant women’s energy balance behaviours, and to identify barriers and facilitators to participating as a couple in a digital intervention to encourage healthy eating and physical activity in pregnancy. MethodsA qualitative design combined online focus groups and telephone interviews. Three focus groups were held with men (n=15) and one mini focus group (n=3) and 12 telephone interviews were conducted with women. Participants were either in the last trimester of pregnancy or had a baby under 18 months old. Most were from more deprived population groups where prevalence of maternal obesity is higher. Data were analysed thematically. Barriers and facilitators to participating as a couple in a digital intervention were mapped to the COM-B model and the Theoretical Domains Framework.ResultsFour main themes were identified; partner involvement and support; partner understanding of good energy balance behaviours; couple concordance of energy balance behaviours; partner influence on her energy balance behaviours. Most facilitators to participating in a digital intervention as a couple fell within the Reflective Motivation domain of COM-B. Men were motivated by the desire to be supportive partners and good role models. Women were motivated by their belief that partner involvement would improve their success in achieving goals and enhance couple bonding. Other facilitators included concordance in dietary behaviours (Physical Opportunity), healthcare practitioner recommendation, perceptions of pregnancy as ‘ours’ (Social Opportunity) and feeling supported and involved (Automatic Motivation). Barriers were rarely mentioned but included potential for partner conflict, perceptions of pregnancy as ‘hers’ and economic constraints.ConclusionsAn opportunity exists to harness partner support to improve maternal energy balance behaviours. Barriers and facilitators to participating in a digital intervention as a couple indicate its potential to benefit emotional and relationship wellbeing in addition to physical health.
Two Bifunctional β-Xylosidase /α-L-Arabinofuranosidases From GH43 With Different Structures in the xylan Degradation Strain of Paenibacillus Physcomitrellae XB Displayed the Similar xylo-oligosaccharides Degradation Ability
Authors: Zhang Xiao Jie , Wang Su , Chen Zhi Ling , Li Yan Hong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe strain Paenibacillus physcomitrellae XB isolated from moss of Physcomitrella patens was found have the xylan degradation ability, but its degradation characteristics and the related mechanism has not been revealed.ResultsIn this study, Paenibacillus physcomitrellae XB exhibited different xylan degradation ability under the different substrates of corncob xylan (CCX), oat spet xylan (OSX), wheat flour arabinoxylan (AX) and beech wood xylan (BWX). Genomic analysis showed that ~ 38 genes were related to xylan degradation, and quantitative real time RT-PCR showed that two glycoside hydrolase family 43 genes (Pph_0602 and Pph_2344) were up-regulated on 1% CCX and xylose. Substrate-specific experiments with purified proteins Ppxyl43A (Pph_0602) and Ppxyl43B (Pph_2344) revealed that both of them exhibited β-xylosidase activity toward chromogenic substrate p-nitrophenyl–D-xylopyranoside and α-L-arabinofuranosidase activity toward p-nitrophenyl-α-L-arabinofuranoside, indicating at least bifunctionality. Combined their degradation features on the natural substrates of different xylans with the hydrolytic products separated by thin-layer chromatography and high-performance anion exchange chromatography profiles, it was found that both Ppxyl43A and Ppxyl43B were with the similar degradation ability on xylo-oligosaccharides (like CCX, OSX, xylohexaose and xylobiose). Both of them even could hydrolyze xylohexaose and xylobiose completely to xylose, but could not hydrolyze BWX and AX to produce xylooligosaccharides or xylose, suggesting they have no endo-xylanase activity and mainly hydrolyze xylo-oligosaccharides by β-xylosidase activity. Moreover, the kinetic parameters of β-xylosidase and α-L-arabinofuranosidase of both two proteins indicated their affinity with all the detected natural substrate (CCX) and chromogenic substrates were nearly similar. In addition, despite having no signal peptides, both of them might export outside the cell by the nonconventional pathways. However, Ppxy143B exhibited wider temperature and pH ranges, higher pH and thermostability, and was less influenced by metal ions than Ppxyl43A. Given its enzymatic characteristics and predicted structure, it is likely that the C-terminus domain (GH43_C2) of Ppxyl43B enhances the stability of the two enzymes and also restricts the substrates’ or metal ions’ access to the active sites.ConclusionsPpxyl43A and Ppxyl43B were β-xylosidase/α-L-arabinofuranosidase bifunctional enzymes with different structures from Paenibacillus physcomitrellae XB and exhibited similar xylo-oligosaccharides hydrolyse ability, which would be useful in the further lignocellulosic biomass conversion.
Factors Affecting Torque of Beam Type Implant Torque Wrench&nbsp;
Authors: Sato Yuji , Furuya Junichi , Osawa Tokiko , Isobe Akio , Hayashi Myu , Kitagawa Noboru , Shiba Hiroki 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Screw breakage and loosening are the most common mechanical complications in implant treatment. One of the causes is the excess or deficiency of the screw tightening torque; thus, the use of a torque wrench is a prerequisite for achieving an accurate tightening torque. Therefore, we focused on the beam-type torque wrenches, which are the main type, to clarify the factors affecting this torque.Results: The torque values of the beam-type torque wrenches for the eight manufacturers were measured using a torque gauge. For investigating the influence of the location of the beam placed on the scale, the measurement was performed with the scale aligned with the upper edge, center, and lower edge of the beam. Additionally, measurements were taken at 90°, 60°, and 30° to examine the effect of the angle at which the examiner read the torque value. Under each condition, a single examiner applied the recommended torque value of each manufacturer's screws five times clockwise. The average measured torque, standard deviation, bias, and coefficient of variation were calculated and compared. Equipment from six manufacturers demonstrated the best accuracy for measurements at the center of the beam (bias within ± 4%). For measurements at 90°, equipment from five manufacturers displayed the highest accuracy (bias within ± 7%), and seven showed the highest repeatability (coefficient of variation 2% or less).Conclusion: It was recommended that the center of the beam should be aligned with the scale and read from 90°, while tightening the torque wrench. The accuracy and repeatability differed according to the manufacturer, scale width, scale line width, and beam width, while the distance between scale and beam center was related to accuracy and repeatability. Based on these results, it was suggested that a torque wrench must be selected after grasping the difference depending on the structure of the model to be used.
Suppression of Non-Selected Meanings Via Hippocampal Inhibition as a Possible Brain Mechanism For Ambiguity Resolution: An fMRI Study Using The Word Fragment Completion Task
Authors: Kireev Maxim , Korotkov Alexander , Masharipov Ruslan , Zheltyakova Maya , Cherednichenko Denis , Gershkovich Valeria , Moroshkina Nadezhda , Slioussar Natalia , Allakhverdov Victor , Chernigovskaya Tatiana 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Dealing with ambiguity, one usually selects one meaning unconsciously and remains unaware of the alternative meanings. The brain systems dealing with multiple meanings of ambiguous stimuli are relatively well studied, while the brain processing of their non-selected meanings is relatively less investigated. The current functional MRI event-related study used a modified version of the word fragment completion task to reveal possible brain mechanisms involved in processing the non-selected meaning of ambiguous stimuli. Some noun stimuli were ambiguous, and the others were not. Adjectives created contexts strongly biasing the choice of the noun meaning in one or the other way. All ambiguous and unambiguous noun stimuli were presented twice during the experiment. It was revealed that ambiguity resolution was associated with a decrement in the BOLD signal within the right and left hippocampi. This finding supported one of the tested hypotheses assumed that non-selected meanings are actively suppressed. The similarity between this result and BOLD signal changes observed for suppression-induced forgetting for purging unwanted memories from awareness allows suggesting the general neurophysiological basis for voluntary and automatic inhibitory awareness control.
Efficacy and Safety of Combined Phacoemulsification, Intraocular Lens Implantation, Goniosynechialysis, and Trabectome in Patients With Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma
Authors: Wang Yu , Liang Zhiqiao , Zhang Yu , Lauren Hennein , Han Ying , Wu Huijuan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We evaluated the efficacy and safety of combined phacoemulsification, intraocular lens implantation, goniosynechialysis (GSL), and trabectome in patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). In this prospective interventional study, twenty patients (22 eyes) of PACG treated with combined phacoemulsification, intraocular lens implantation, GSL, and trabectome between September 2017 to September 2020 were recruited. The intraocular pressure (IOP), the number of glaucoma medications, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were recorded at baseline, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after operation. IOP was decreased significantly from 20.69±6.90 mmHg at baseline to 15.83±2.79mmHg at 24 months’ follow-up (P=0.043). The number of glaucoma medications reduced from 2.76±1.14 preoperatively to 0.73±0.77 at 24 months’ follow-up (P=0.026). The qualified success rate was 86.8% at 2 years. The reduction of IOP showed a positive correlation with baseline IOP (p<0.001) and the reduction of the number of glaucoma medications was positively correlated with baseline number of glaucoma medications (p<0.001). There was no vision-threatening complication during and after operation. The combined procedure of phacoemulsification, IOL implantation, GSL, and trabectome was effective and safe for PACG patients. It may provide a new method for PACG patients especially those with long term and extensive goniosynechia.