bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE REPRESENTATION OF SOCIETAL GAP IN THE FILM PARASITE
Authors: Ismandianto  , Eugueyne Wulan Sari Feggy 
Published: June 2021

Societal gap is a phenomenon that exists between the layers of society which creates mass significant differences between it. Through the movie Parasite, Bong Joon Ho successfully portrayed a visualization of the societal disparity issue that happens between two South Korea families with different economic backgrounds. This research’s sole purpose is to analyze and evaluate the representation of societal gap which is depicted thoroughly in Parasite’s filmography.
This research uses the method of qualitative research with John Fiske’s semiotic analysis. The subject is the movie Parasite which is directed by Bong Joon Ho. The data is obtained by the method of observing and documentation. The data’s unit of analysis is picked solely by the scenes that interpret signs of societal gap, which rounds up to 31 scenes. The data’s examination technique uses the technique of source’s triangulation.
The research has brought up a few results such as, (1) The reality level and societal gap is represented in aspects of appearance, the way each families speak, behavior, movements, expression, and the environment that they reside at. (2) The level of representation and societal disparity is illustrated through aspects of the film such as, camera, lighting, music, and voices. (3) The level of ideology and portrayals of societal gap values can be assured to contain values of socialists and capitalists. In the aspect of socialists, the societal gap is seen as something that stands out because of the significant differences that exist between the different layers of society. Meanwhile, the capitalist values can be seen in how the movie has portrayed how a person with a higher position in the society is the capital holder and the ones that exist in the middle to the lower class of society depends themselves on the ones that resides on the higher class of society.
Peran Departemen Human Resources Development dalam Aktivitas Employee Relations pada Bisnis Keluarga
Authors: Septaningtyas Hidayat Putri , Armawati Sufa Siska , Eny Ratnasari  
Published: June 2021

Sebagai perusahaan yang bergerak pada bidang hospitality, Royal Trawas Hotel & Cottages ingin membangun komunikasi yang sehat dengan karyawan. Royal Trawas Hotel & Cottages menyadari bahwa bisnis ini tidak akan berjalan tanpa adanya performa terbaik dari karyawan. Oleh karena itu, untuk membina hubungan yang baik dengan karyawan Royal Trawas Hotel & Cottages melalui Departemen Human Resources Development (HRD) melakukan sejumlah aktivitas Employee Relations. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, peneliti ingin mengetahui tentang aktivitas Employee Relations yang dilakukan di Royal Trawas Hotel & Cottages. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Departemen HRD telah membuata sejumlah aktivitas employee relations yaitu pertemuan program pendidikan dan pelatihan hingga corporate social responsibility. Peran Departemen HRD dalam aktivitas employee relations diantaranya adalah melakukan analisis awal, merancang aktivitas employee relations sesuai budaya perusahaan, menganalisis efektivitas peran dan tanggung jawab staf dalam aktivitas employee relations, melakukan diseminasi informasi, menentukan dan mengelola media internal, menciptakan hubungan humanis antara pimpinan dan karyawan serta melakukan evaluasi terhadap aktivitas employee relations. Aktivitas Employee Relations bergantung dengan komunikasi internal. Komunikasi internal yang terjadi di Royal Trawas and Cottages adalah komunikasi ke bawah atau downward communication dari pimpinan kepada karyawan, komunikasi hilir vertikal atau upward communication, komunikasi horizontal yang berlangsung antara karyawan dengan karyawan lainnya. Penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai evaluasi bagi Royal Trawas Hotel & Cottages serta Royal Hospitality Management.
Editorial
Authors: Reyes Osvaldo 
Published: June 2021

El proceso de vacunación para poner freno a la pandemia por el SARS-CoV-2 avanza a pasos agigantados en muchos países, permitiendo ver la luz al final del túnel. Sin embargo, en otras latitudes, ya sea por menores recursos, desidia de las personas con el poder de tomar decisiones y el temor de la población, el porcentaje de vacunación deja mucho que desear. En estos tiempos modernos, donde la eficacia de la vacunación como la mejor medida preventiva para reducir la morbimortalidad global no debería ser puesta en dudas, es doloroso ver figuras públicas fustigar los distintos esfuerzos dirigidos a aumentar el número de personas vacunadas.
Los argumentos usados por estas “autoridades” carecen de todo sustento científico y son fácilmente debatibles con evidencia mínima, pero vivimos en la era digital y el internet ha permitido que cualquier persona con una mínima habilidad lectora se sienta en capacidad de discutir con autoridades que han dedicado su vida a la investigación. Este fenómeno, conocido como el efecto Dunning-Krüger, postula que las personas sin conocimientos en un área específica desconocen los límites de su ignorancia. Claessens et al. publicaron los resultados de su investigación con esta premisa de fondo en la era COVID (Claessens et al. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Volume 8, Issue 4, April 2021). Analizaron múltiples variables relacionadas con los conocimientos de 2487 sujetos en temas relacionas con el COVID. Como era de esperar, aquellos con los peores resultados usaban como fuente de información primaria el internet y las redes sociales y su nivel educativo era pobre. El promedio de percepción del nivel de conocimientos era elevado y para nada relacionado con la realidad.

Las nuevas generaciones tienes millones de volúmenes de conocimiento al alcance de la mano, pero se decantan por las más accesibles. Las que les llegan en sus momentos de ocio en textos de corta duración, sin un solo artículo que sustente las palabras que emiten. Toman estas falacias como verdades absolutas y las diseminan como el virus que tanto dicen conocer. Es imperativo impulsar una reforma educativa a todo nivel, pero debemos empezar por nosotros mismos. Tenemos que aprender a olvidar lo aprendido y a partir de cero. Aceptar que lo postulado por un solo investigador o un solo artículo dista mucho de ser verdad, verificar la fuente de cualquier noticia que nos llegue y aprender a leer de manera crítica las investigaciones científicas. Mientras no hagamos eso, el problema seguirá, ya que las personas que deberían poner orden son víctimas de su propia versión de Dunning-Krüger y cuando una mentira viene de boca de una autoridad, el daño que provoca es peor.
A veces tenemos que aceptar que no sabemos. Ese es el primer paso hacia el verdadero conocimiento.
Embarazo heterotópico y Supervivencia del producto intrauterino. Reporte de un Caso y Revisión de la Literatura
Authors: Arrocha Germán , Espinosa Jorge 
Published: June 2021

El embarazo heterotópico es la coexistencia de una gestación intrauterina y otra extrauterina. La incidencia es baja en embarazos espontáneos, sin embargo, aumenta secundario a técnicas de reproducción asistida. El producto extrauterino siempre se pierde y el intrauterino puede llegar a tener diversas complicaciones. Puesto que es una posibilidad excepcional asociada con gran morbilidad y mortalidad materna, su diagnóstico y atención oportuna son decisivas. La fracción b de la hormona gonadotropina coriónica humana y el ultrasonido vaginal son las opciones de mayor utilidad para el diagnóstico. El acceso quirúrgico laparoscópico es el de elección porque ofrece ventajas con relación a la técnica abierta.
Factors Influencing Green Product Purchase Intention among Young Consumers in Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Imtiaz Uddin , Alamgir Mohammed 
Published: June 2021

The present study aims to determine critical factors affecting the green product purchase intention of Bangladeshi young consumers. In order to investigate the relationship, a formal questionnaire survey has been conducted targeting young Bangladeshi consumers, aged between 18 and 32 years old. A total of 400 responses have been finally screened out for analysis. Data analysis was carried out through partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings show that young consumers’ green purchase intention (GPI) is largely determined by their attitude, environmental concern (EC), and willingness to pay (WTP). However, the impact of perceived moral obligation (PMO), on green purchase intention has been found insignificant. The study leaves specific implications for the strategic marketing decision-makers who strive to promote green product consumption in Bangladesh.
A Cross-Sectional Study of the Alarming Prevalence of Smoking Among Lebanese Physicians and Its Negative Impact on Promoting Cessation
Authors: Berjawi Ahmad , Nasser Mouhamad , Nassreddine Wassim , Kanj Amjad , Kojok Abir , Kanj Nadim 
Published: June 2021

Background: There is a paucity of data on the prevalence of smoking among physicians. As physicians are on the front line caring for patients’ health, a detailed analysis of their smoking habits and its impact on counseling their patients to quit is warranted. So far, no study in Lebanon has addressed the real prevalence of physicians smoking and its impact on promoting cessation. This study aims to fill this purpose.
Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted using a web-based self-administered questionnaire was e-mailed to 4037 Lebanese physicians between November 2015 and February 2016. The questionnaire included 11 questions about basic sociodemographic information (age, gender, work province, specialty), smoking habits and attitude towards smoking cessation. SPSS was used for analysis. The main outcome was to calculate the percentage of physicians that smoke, its relationship to gender and age, and its impact on counseling their patients about smoking cessation.
Results: 529 responders were analyzed (13.1% response rate). A high rate of physician ever-smokers was noted at 37% (n=195) whereas the prevalence of current smokers was 13% (n=70).. In addition, there was a difference in the gender of ever-smoking physicians where 47% of males were smokers compared to 20% of females only. Regarding the prevalence of smoking within different specialties, it was noted that 35% (n=74) of internal medicine physicians were ever-smokers compared to approximately 50% (n=51/102) of surgeons. There was a statistically significant difference between former-smokers and current-smokers in regards to how frequently they urge their patients to quit smoking.
Conclusion: The high prevalence of smoking among Lebanese physicians is depicted and its negative impact on counseling patients to quit is a serious consequence. This is a major drawback in the fight against tobacco and further awareness may be needed among our future doctors to increase smoking cessation counseling and decrease the burden of smoking in Lebanon and worldwide.
The Enigmatic Brown Dwarf WISEA J153429.75-104303.3 (a.k.a. “The Accident”)
Authors: Kirkpatrick J. Davy , Marocco Federico , Caselden Dan , Meisner Aaron M. , Faherty Jacqueline K. , Schneider Adam C. , Kuchner Marc J. , Casewell S. L. , Gelino Christopher R. , Cushing Michael C. , Eisenhardt Peter R. , Wright Edward L. , Schurr Steven D. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Continued follow-up of WISEA J153429.75−104303.3, announced in Meisner et al., has proven it to have an unusual set of properties. New imaging data from Keck/MOSFIRE and HST/WFC3 shows that this object is one of the few faint proper motion sources known with J − ch2 >8 mag, indicating a very cold temperature consistent with the latest known Y dwarfs. Despite this, it has W1−W2 and ch1−ch2 colors ∼1.6 mag bluer than a typical Y dwarf. A new trigonometric parallax measurement from a combination of WISE, Spitzer, and HST astrometry confirms a nearby distance of

16.3

−
1.2

+
1.4

pc and a large transverse velocity of 207.4 ± 15.9 km s−1. The absolute J, W2, and ch2 magnitudes are in line with the coldest known Y dwarfs, despite the highly discrepant W1−W2 and ch1−ch2 colors. We explore possible reasons for the unique traits of this object and conclude that it is most likely an old, metal-poor brown dwarf and possibly the first Y subdwarf. Given that the object has an HST F110W magnitude of 24.7 mag, broadband spectroscopy and photometry from JWST are the best options for testing this hypothesis.
Anisotropy of Solar Wind Turbulence in the Inner Heliosphere at Kinetic Scales: PSP Observations
Authors: Duan Die , He Jiansen , Bowen Trevor A. , Woodham Lloyd D. , Wang Tieyan , Chen Christopher H. K. , Mallet Alfred , Bale Stuart D. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The anisotropy of solar wind turbulence is a critical issue in understanding the physics of energy transfer between scales and energy conversion between fields and particles in the heliosphere. Using the measurement of Parker Solar Probe (PSP), we present an observation of the anisotropy at kinetic scales in the slow, Alfvénic, solar wind in the inner heliosphere. The magnetic compressibility behaves as expected for kinetic Alfvénic turbulence below the ion scale. A steepened transition range is found between the inertial and kinetic ranges in all directions with respect to the local background magnetic field direction. The anisotropy of k
⊥ ≫ k
∥ is found evident in both transition and kinetic ranges, with the power anisotropy P
⊥/P
∥ > 10 in the kinetic range leading over that in the transition range and being stronger than that at 1 au. The spectral index varies from α

t∥ = −5.7 ± 1.0 to α

t⊥ = −3.7 ± 0.3 in the transition range and α

k∥ = −3.12 ± 0.22 to α

k⊥ = −2.57 ± 0.09 in the kinetic range. The corresponding wavevector anisotropy has the scaling of

k

∥

∼

k

⊥

0.71
±
0.17

in the transition range, and changes to

k

∥

∼

k

⊥

0.38
±
0.09

in the kinetic range, consistent with the kinetic Alfvénic turbulence at sub-ion scales.
Dynamical Modeling of the C iv Broad Line Region of the z = 2.805 Multiply Imaged Quasar SDSS J2222+2745
Authors: Williams Peter R. , Treu Tommaso , Dahle Håkon , Valenti Stefano , Abramson Louis , Barth Aaron J. , Brewer Brendon J. , Dyrland Karianne , Gladders Michael , Horne Keith , Sharon Keren 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We present the first ever models of a broad line region (BLR) at the peak of active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity using the multiply imaged z = 2.805 quasar SDSS J2222+2745. The modeled data consist of monthly spectra covering the broad C iv emission line over a 5.3 yr baseline. The models suggest a thick disk BLR that is inclined by ∼40° to the observer’s line of sight and with an emissivity weighted median radius of

r

median

=

33.0

−
2.1

+
2.4

light days. The kinematics are dominated by near-circular Keplerian motion with the remainder inflowing. The rest-frame lag one would measure from the models is

τ

median

=

36.4

−
1.8

+
1.8

days, which is consistent with measurements based on cross-correlation. We show a possible geometry and transfer function based on the model fits and find that the model-produced velocity-resolved lags are consistent with those from cross-correlation. We measure a black hole mass of

log

10

(

M

BH

/

M

⊙

)
=

8.31

−
0.06

+
0.07

, which requires a scale factor of

log

10

(

f

mean
,
σ

)
=

0.20

−
0.07

+
0.09

. This is the most precise M
BH measurement for any AGN at cosmological distances and it demonstrates that the precision required for BH-host coevolution studies is attainable.
The History and Origins of Directed Panspermia
Authors: Ginsburg Idan , Lingam Manasvi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Nobel laureate Frances Crick and renowned chemist Leslie Orgel are often credited with introducing the idea of “directed panspermia” in 1973. While they coined the term, the idea itself appeared in the scientific literature almost two decades earlier, and the first allusions can be traced back to 1930.
Evaluation of anti-biofilm potential of biosurfactant extracted from Nocardia species
Authors: Javadi Ali , Pourmand Mohamad Reza , Hamedi Javad , Gharebaghi Fatemeh , Baseri Zohre , Morovvati Abbas , Mohammadzadeh Razieh , Eshraghi Seyyed Saeed 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Bacterial natural products such as biosurfactants and surface-active agents are important compounds which exhibit many applications in the &#64257;elds of medicine.
Aim: The aim of the present study was to isolate and identify Nocardia strains with high biosurfactant production and antibiofilm ability.
Materials and methods: In the present study, a biosurfactant producing Nocardia species was isolated and identi&#64257;ed by a laboratory method. Nocardia species were initially screened and then tested for their ability to produce biosurfactant. The oil spreading test and the surface tension measurements showed that one strain was a biosurfactant producer. The strain with the best surface activity results was selected for further studies and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and compositional analysis proved a biosurfactant structure.
Results: Oil spreading test and blue agar plate test confirmed biosurfactants and extracellular anionic glycolipids. E24% assay using olive oil revealed strong emulsifying characteristic of the extracted biosurfactant with 100% emulsifying strength. FTIR spectrum indicated the presence of aliphatic hydrocarbon chain (lipid) along with the polysaccharide portion, confirming the glycolipid nature of the biosurfactant. The stability of the biosurfactant produced in different conditions was significant. Increasing concentration of BS significantly inhibited Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm.
Conclusions: N. coubleae can be a representative of the genus Nocardia for the production of biosurfactants with beneficial physicochemical properties.
Steroid and fatty acid contents from the leaves of Carica papaya
Authors: Devmurari Vishvraj V. , Patel Poojaben P. , Jadeja Rajeshreeba A. , Bhadaniya Cameykumari P. , Aghara Priti P. , Patel Anilkumar S. , Tala Satishkumar D. , Savant Mahesh M. , Ladva Kartik D. , Nariya Pankajkumar B. 
Published: June 2021

Aim: To extract and identify the non-polar entities from the leaves of Carica papaya, a plant used for medicinal purpose as folk medicine.
Materials and methods: Petroleum ether extract of the Carica papaya leaves was used for this study. Saponification process and methylation process was performed to separate fatty acids and unsaponifiable matters. Phytochemical constituents were separated using chemical process and separated fractions were analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC-MS).
Results: The chemical composition of the steroids, triterpenoids and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) in leaves of Carica papaya, which were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). A total of 15 fatty acid components were identified in saponifiable matter, from unsaponifiable portion 2 steroids (campesterol, &beta;- or &gamma;-sitosterol), 1 triterpene (squalene), and 1 diterpene (phytol) were identified.
Conclusions: The results indicate that the extract is rich in non-polar compounds. In this study, GC-MS method is at the central focus for identification of these phytoconstituents. The current method can be used for direct analysis of non-polar entities of plant material.
Initial experience in the field of pediatric percutaneous nephrolitholapaxia in Bulgaria
Authors: Dorosiev Emil , Minova Gabriela , Pelov Teofil , Mladenov Boris 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Pediatric urolithiasis is a very specific and challenging problem in the field of modern urology. Currently, there are three major methods for kidney stone removal: the extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), the retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS), and the percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), the latter one proving to be an efficient and safe monotherapy of stones even with larger burden. Different sizes of nephroscopes are used (standard, mini, micro), where smaller size is logically correlated with safer profile, especially in pediatric population.
Aim: To analyze the initial experience in using PCNL in children for the treatment of kidney concrements &ndash; rates of successful stone removal and registered complications.
Materials and methods: Twenty-six PCNL procedures of 25 children were performed &ndash; both standard and mini. The age ofpatients, size of the stones, operating time, changes in hemoglobin levels, duration of hospital stay, and the postoperative complications were recorded, analyzed and compared to data reported in current relevant literature.
Results: The mean age of patients was 9&plusmn;5.2 years (15 boys and 10 girls). The average size of concrements subjected to nephrolitholapaxia was 16&plusmn;0.7 mm, most of the cases being single stones. The average operative time was 150&plusmn;33.4 min, and the average hospital stay was 4.1&plusmn;1.5 days. The percentage of stone free children postoperatively was 94%. Complications included blood loss requiring transfusion in 1 patient (4%), postoperative urinary tract infection and fever (2 patients), and self-limiting hematuria in 16%.
Conclusions: PCNL is an effective and safe alternative in the management of nephrolithiasis in children. It is a method of choice for the treatment of concretions not suitable to treat with extracorporeal lithotripsy and after a qualitative selection of patients.
Evaluation of consumer behaviour on the Internet under the conditions of pandemic shock based on search activity in the luxury segment
Authors: Gerasimenko Valentina V. , Golovanova Ekaterina 
Published: June 2021

The article provides an overview and assessment of consumer trends that emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic from both a global and local perspective (Russia). The authors investigate perception of change and adaptive consumer behaviour, as well as the tactical capabilities of luxury brands interested in expanding the market while maintaining a premium brand with its values and history.
First of all, the market in the luxury segment is shown through the lens of changes that have arisen in consumer behaviour in connection with the development of digital technologies. Taking this factor into account, the authors study the reactions of consumer behaviour that appeared in the new pandemic reality, and with the use of statistics of search queries based on Google and Yandex data, they show how global trends are manifested in the Russian market.
The study reveals that against the background of global trends in consumer behaviour there was a more significant adaptation of the Russian population to new conditions, and in some cases specificity of consumer behaviour manifested itself in the local market at different stages of the dynamics of coronavirus spread. Based on the analysis of new trends, recommendations are given on what technologies luxury brands can use in the conditions of pandemic decline in the Russian market to match consumer requests in new realities. The research may be of interest to marketing and management professionals, as well as researchers in this field of sociology and industry management.