bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generalising from Conventional Pipelines: A Case Study in Deep Learning-Based for High-Throughput Screening
Authors: Cruz Beatriz García Santa , Sölter Jan , Giro Gemma Gomez , Saraiva Claudia , Sabaté-Soler Sonia , Modamio Jennifer , Barmpa Kyriaki , Schwamborn Jens Christian , Hertel Frank , Jarazo Javier , Husch Andreas 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The study of complex diseases relies on large amounts of data to build models toward precision medicine. Such data acquisition is feasible in the context of high-throughput screening, in which the quality of the results relies on the accuracy of the image analysis. Although state-of-the-art solutions for image segmentation employ deep learning approaches, the high cost of manually generating ground truth labels for model training hampers the day-to-day application in experimental laboratories. Alternatively, traditional computer vision-based solutions do not need expensive labels for their implementation. Our work combines both approaches by training a deep learning network using weak training labels automatically generated with conventional computer vision methods. Our network surpasses the conventional segmentation quality by generalising beyond noisy labels, providing a 25 % increase of mean intersection over union, and simultaneously reducing the development and inference times. Our solution was embedded into an easy-to-use graphical user interface that allows researchers to assess the predictions and correct potential inaccuracies with minimal human input. To demonstrate the feasibility of training a deep learning solution on a large dataset of noisy labels automatically generated by a conventional pipeline, we compared our solution against the common approach of training a model from a small manually curated dataset by several experts. Our work suggests that humans perform better in context interpretation, such as error assessment, while computers outperform in pixel-by-pixel fine segmentation. Such pipelines are illustrated with a case study on image segmentation for autophagy events. This work aims for better translation of new technologies to real-world settings in microscopy-image analysis.
Soybean AP2-Domain Transcription Factor GmWRI4 Optimize Ratio of Oleic Acid to Linoleic Acid in Seed
Authors: Di Qin , Piersanti Angela , Zhang Qi , Miceli Cristina , Liu Xiaoyi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] oil is a complex mixture of five fatty acids (oleic, linoleic, linolenic, palmitic and stearic). As a vegetable oils, soybean oil has a less than desirable fatty acid composition. The high content of linoleic acid contributes to poor oil oxidative stability. Soybean oil with lower linoleic acid content is desirable. To investigate the genetic architecture of linoleic acid in soybean seed, 510 soybean germplasms from China were collected as natural populations. Results: Phenotypic identification results showed that the content of linoleic acid varied from 36.22% to 72.18%. After a total of 2,423,512 nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) were obtained, a new candidate gene Glyma.04G116500.1 (GmWRI14) related to linoleic acid was discovered by 3-year long Genome-wide association analysis (GWAS). GmWRI14 belongs to the plant WRI1 protein family. The GmWRI14 showed a negative correlation with the linoleic acid content and the correlation coefficient was -0.912. To test whether GmWRI14 can lead to lower linoleic acid content in soybean seed, we introduced GmWRI14 into the soybean genome. Overexpression of GmWRI14 leads to higher accumulation of oil with lower linoleic acid content in soybean seed. RNA-seq verified that GmWRI14-overexpressed lines showed lower accumulation of GmFAD2-1 and GmFAD2-2b than non-transgenic lines. Conclusions: These results indicate that the down-regulation of FAD2 gene triggered by the transcription factor WRI1 is the underlying mechanism reducing linoleic acid level of seed oil. GmWRI14 is a new key candidate gene related to linoleic acid. These results will significantly improve understanding of the transcriptional control exerted by GmWRI14.
Ultrathin Picoscale White Light Interferometer
Authors: Dahiya Sunil , Tyagi Akansha , Mandal Ankur , Pfeifer Thomas , Singh Kamal P. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
White light interferometry is a well established technique with diverse precision applications, however, the conventional interferometers such as Michelson, Mach-Zehnder or Linnik are large in size, demand tedious alignment for obtaining white light fringes, require noise-isolation to achieve sub-nanometric stability and importantly, exhibit unbalanced dispersion causing uncertainty in absolute zero delay reference. Here, we demonstrate an ultrathin white light interferometer enabling picometer resolution by exploiting the wavefront division of a broadband incoherent light beam after transmission through a pair of micrometer thin identical glass plates. Spatial overlap between the two diffracted split wavefronts readily produce high-contrast and stable white light fringes, with unambiguous reference to absolute zero path-delay position. The colored fringes evolve when one of the ultrathin plates is rotated to tune the interferometer with picometric precision over tens of µm range. Our theoretical analysis validates formation of fringes and highlights self-calibration of the interferometer for picoscale measurements. We demonstrate measurement of coherence lengths of several broadband incoherent sources as small as a few micrometer with picoscale precision. Furthermore, we propose a versatile double-pass configuration using the ultrathin interferometer enabling a sample cavity for additional applications in probing dynamical properties of matter.
Evaluation of Eco-environmental Quality of Coal Mining Area Using Multi-source Data – A Case Regarding Ibei Coalfield, Northwestern China
Authors: Jiang Huan , Fan Gangwei , Zhang Dongsheng , Fan Yibo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Eco-environmental evaluation is a prerequisite for balancing the relationship between coal resource recovery and eco-environmental protection. This paper divides the eco-environment system in coal mining area into 5 subsystems regarding geomorphology, climate, hydrology, land and vegetation, and human activity. Within the 5 subsystems, 13 indicators capable of reflecting eco-environment levels of coal mine fields are selected, weighed using genetic projection pursuit model, and applied to eco-environmental quality evaluation. Based on this, the spatial feature of the quality is analysed using spatial autocorrelation method, recognising the areas that need managements. Factors driving the eco-environment characteristics of coal mines are identified using geographic detector. The feasibility of the developed evaluation system is verified with Ibei Coalfield as a case. The results show that Ibei Coalfield sees a spatially heterogeneous eco-environment pattern. Geographic detector can quantify the impact of various indicators on ecological environment, and the indicator is of stronger interpretation ability as interacting with others. It is also indicated that mining area eco-environment is nonlinearly correlated to impact indicators. The spatial autocorrelation analysis suggests three areas that should be treated strategically, that are the management area, close attention area and protective area. This paper can provide scientific references for mining area eco-environmental protection, which is significant for the sustainability of coal mine projects.
Differentiating Electrolyte and Fluid Disorders
Authors: Lear Diane , Bruce Leigh 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Vasopressin or anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) is a nonapeptide that is synthesized in the hypothalamus and plays an important role in the control of the body’s osmotic balance, blood pressure regulation and kidney function. ADH induces expression of water transport proteins in the late distal tubule and collecting duct to increase water re-absorption. ADH is produced by neurons within the supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus, stored in secretary vesicles and transported through the hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract and released in the posterior pituitary. The secreted hormones then enter nearby fenestrated capillaries where they enter the body’s systemic circulation. These neurons express osmo receptors that are responsive to blood osmolarity and respond to changes as little as 2 mOsm/L.
Therefore slight elevations in osmolarity result in secretion of ADH. ADH acts in the kidneys to increase water re-absorption, thus returning the osmolarity to baseline. ADH is also secreted in times of hypovolaemia. Decreased arterial blood volume is sensed by bar receptors in the left atrium, carotid artery and aortic arch and the signal transported to the vagus nerve which directly stimulates the release of ADH. ADH then promotes water re-absorption in the kidneys to increase effective arterial blood volume and increase blood pressure to maintain tissue perfusion. Osmolarity and volume status are the two greatest factors that affect ADH secretion. There are three pathologic states related to ADH.
Effects of the Karkheh Dam construction on haze generation due to geomorphological changes in the Khuzestan Province, Southwest Iran
Authors: Adib Arash 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The construction of the Karkheh Dam is an important factor contributing to the occurrence of dust storms in the Khuzestan Province of Iran. It has reduced the annual mean flow discharge in the Karkheh River from 120 to 50 m3/s and dried land around the river. The area of dried land is 90.17 km2 around the river and 333.45 km2 in the Hawr-al-Azim wetland. The Rosgen method, Fluvial-12 software, and Shulits equation demonstrate the instability of the plan, cross sections and longitudinal slope of the river, respectively, around Pay-e-pol hydrometric station (upstream of the river). After dam construction, extreme erosion occurred in this part of the river. The type of sediment is clay and silt with D50 = 8 μm. The eroded sediment settles downstream (around Hamidiyeh hydrometric station) and the Hawr-al-Azim wetland. The wind can easily lift these particles especially from May to July. Because of the size of these particles, the haze concentration increased from 25% to 45% in dust storms. After construction of the dam, the dust storm days increased to 90 days in 2008. By increasing the stability of the river, the dust storms reduced from 2011. The annual volume of generated haze by geomorphological characteristic changes is almost 3107 m3.
Advances in Pyrazole Based Scaffold as Cyclin-dependent Kinase 2 Inhibitors
for the Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Shaikh Jahara , Patel Kavitkumar , Khan Tabassum 
Published: October 2021

:
The transformation of a normal cell into a tumor cell is one of the initial steps in cell cycle
deregulation. The cell cycle is regulated by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) that belong to the protein
kinase family. CDK2 is an enchanting target for specific genotype tumors since cyclin E is selective
for CDK2 and the deregulation of specific cancer types. Thus, CDKs inhibitor, specifically
CDK2/cyclin A-E, has the potential to be a valid cancer target as per the currently undergoing clinical
trials. Most of the pyrazole scaffolds have shown selectivity and potency for CDK2 inhibitors. This
review aims at examining pyrazole and pyrazole fused with other heterocyclic rings for antiproliferative
activity. Based on the invitro and molecular docking studies, the most potent analogues
for CDK2 inhibition are exhibited by IC50 value. Moreover, the review emphasizes the various lead
analogs of pyrazole hybrids which can be very potent and selective for anti-cancer drugs.
Classification of Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia with
Lewy Bodies using Resting EEG Selected Features at Sensor and Source
Levels: A Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Fraga Francisco J. , San-Martin Rodrigo , Del Percio Claudio , Lizio Roberta , Noce Giuseppe , Nobili Flavio , Arnaldi Dario , D'Antonio Fabrizia , De Lena Carlo , Güntekin Bahar , Hanoğlu Lutfu , Taylor John Paul , McKeith Ian , Stocchi Fabrizio , Ferri Raffaele , Onofrj Marco , Lopez Susanna , Bonanni Laura , Babiloni Claudio 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Early differentiation between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Dementia
with Lewy Bodies (DLB) is important for accurate prognosis, as DLB patients typically show
faster disease progression. Cortical neural networks, necessary for human cognitive function, may
be disrupted differently in DLB and AD patients, allowing diagnostic differentiation between AD
and DLB.

Objective:
This proof-of-concept study assessed whether the application of machine learning techniques
to data derived from resting-state electroencephalographic (rsEEG) rhythms (discriminant
sensor power, 19 electrodes) and source connectivity (between five cortical regions of interest) allowed
differentiation between DLB and AD.

Methods:
Clinical, demographic, and rsEEG datasets from DLB patients (N=30), AD patients
(N=30), and control seniors (NOld, N=30), matched for age, sex, and education, were taken from
our international database. Individual (delta, theta, alpha) and fixed (beta) rsEEG frequency bands
were included. The rsEEG features for the classification task were computed at both sensor and
source levels. The source level was based on eLORETA freeware toolboxes for estimating cortical
source activity and linear lagged connectivity. Fluctuations of rsEEG recordings (band-pass waveform
envelopes of each EEG rhythm) were also computed at both sensor and source levels. After
blind feature reduction, rsEEG features served as input to support vector machine (SVM) classifiers.
Discrimination of individuals from the three groups was measured with standard performance
metrics (accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity).

Results:
The trained SVM two-class classifiers showed classification accuracies of 97.6% for
NOld vs. AD, 99.7% for NOld vs. DLB, and 97.8% for AD vs. DLB. Three-class classifiers (AD
vs. DLB vs. NOld) showed classification accuracy of 94.79%.

Conclusion:
These promising preliminary results should encourage future prospective and longitudinal
cross-validation studies using higher resolution EEG techniques and harmonized clinical procedures
to enable the clinical application of these machine learning techniques.
Assessment of Pattern, Determinants and Treatment Practices of Menstrual
Disorders Among Medical Undergraduate Students
Authors: Joseph Nitin , Alfiya Ayisha , Khurana Megha , Divya Maheshwari , Gupta Kritika , Thangavelu Muthu Raja Ram 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Menstruation-related symptoms (MRSs) have been observed to result in
absenteeism from either work or education, more commonly among women below 21 years than
women of any other age group. Despite its high prevalence and associated ill effects, it is generally
ignored even by medical students.

Objectives:
This study was conducted to assess the pattern, determinants, and treatment practices
of menstrual disorders among undergraduate medical students.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 215 female medical students from
first to final year. Data were collected by using a self-administered questionnaire. The height and
weight of participants were measured using standard procedures.

Results:
The most common menstrual disorders reported by participants over the past six months
were dysmenorrhoea (191(88.8%)) followed by irregular cycles (43(20.0%)). In multivariable analysis,
the presence of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and excessive consumption of coffee
was associated with irregular menstrual cycles; the presence of anaemia was associated with menorrhagia,
the presence of fibroids and age of participants were associated with polymenorrhoea, excessive
chocolate consumption was related to intermenstrual bleeding, excessive chocolate consumption,
presence of anaemia, and low body mass index (BMI) were associated with premenstrual
syndrome. Self-medication was reported by 15 (42.9%) out of the 35 participants on treatment.

Conclusion:
Dysmenorrhoea and menstrual irregularities were common among participants. They
need to limit potential risk factors like excessive consumption of coffee and chocolates. Additionally,
screening for anaemia, PCOS, fibroids and low BMI needs to be done. Self-medication practices
need to be also dissuaded in the setting.
Eating disorders
Authors: Garner David M. , Keiper Christopher D. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Therapist competency is fundamental to the success in treating most psychological disorders. However, the skills required to effectively treat eating disorders may be more demanding than many other problems, because competency requires mastery of considerable educational information about physical complications associated with eating-disorder symptoms and chronic weight suppression. The cognitive-behavioral model of treatment has become well-defined in recent years; however, the mark for therapist competency continues to rise as the knowledge base has expanded with the high level of clinical and research interest in eating disorders. The guidelines provided in this paper are intended to provide a springboard for the training and supervision to improve patient care.Key Words: Eating disorders, eating disorders treatment, cognitive-behavioral treatment, clinician competencies.Resumen. La competencia del terapeuta es fundamental para el éxito en el tratamiento de los Trastornos Psicológicos. Sin embargo, las habilidades que se requieren para tratar eficazmente los Trastornos del Comportamiento Alimentarios pueden ser más demandantes que para otros problemas, porque la competencia requiere del dominio de considerable información educativa acerca de las complicaciones físicas asociadas con los síntomas de los Trastornos Alimentarios y la supresión crónica de peso. El modelo de tratamiento cognitivo-conductual se ha convertido en el mejor definido en recientes años, sin embargo, el marco de la competencia del terapeuta continúa aumentando, dado que, la base de conocimientos se ha ampliado con el alto nivel de interés en la investigación clínica y en los trastornos alimentarios. Las directrices que proporciona este artículo tiene objetivo servir de trampolín para la formación y supervisión para mejorar la atención al paciente.Palabras claves: Trastornos alimentarios, tratamiento de trastorno alimentario, tratamiento cognitivo-conductual, competencias clínicas
Anthropometric correlates of muscle obsession / Correlatos antropométricos de la obsesión por la musculatura
Authors: Camacho Ruiz Esteban Jaime , Escoto Ponce de León María del Consuelo , Cedillo Garrido Carlos Martín , Díaz Castillo Ricardo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract To date, few studies have assessed the relationship between anthropometric measures and drive for muscularity (DM). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine anthropometric correlates of DM. 76 college men answered the Drive for Muscularity Scale, and individually their weight, height and four skinfolds (biceps, triceps, suprascapular, and suprailiac) were measured. There were no significant correlations between DMS total score and anthropometric indicators (body mass index, body density, body-fat percentage, fat-free mass index, and waist to hip ratio). Anthropometric indices were not related to the DM, suggesting that the current body composition of participants was not related to the DM. The fact that the fat-free mass index was not associated with DM is significant because we expect more DM in men with average muscularity. One possible explanation is that the DM could be associated with body shape, rather than lean body mass. The findings of this study increase our understanding of the DM in men and may help in designing interventions to decrease the DM. Key words: Drive for Muscularity Scale, body mass index, fat-free mass index, body-fat percentage, male. Resumen A la fecha, pocos estudios han evaluado la relación entre las medidas antropométricas y la obsesión por la musculatura (OM). Por lo anterior, el propósito de este estudio fue examinar los correlatos antropométricos de la OM. 76 varones universitarios contestaron la Escala de Obsesión por la Musculatura e individualmente se midió su peso, su talla y cuatro panículos adiposos (biceps, triceps, supraescapular y suprailiaco). No se observaron correlaciones significativas entre la puntuación total de la OM y los indicadores antropométricos (índice de masa corporal, densidad corporal, porcentaje de grasa, índice de masa libre de grasa e índice cintura cadera). Los índices antropométricos no se relacionaron con la OM, lo cual sugiere que la composición corporal actual de los participantes no se relaciona con la OM. El hecho de que el índice de masa libre de grasa no se relacionó con la OM es notable porque se esperaría mayor OM en los hombres con musculatura media. Una posible explicación es que la OM podría asociarse con la figura corporal, más que con la masa muscular corporal. Los hallazgos del presente estudio incrementan nuestro conocimiento de la OM en varones y pueden contribuir en el diseño de intervenciones enfocadas a disminuir la OM. Palabras clave: Escala de Obsesión por la Musculatura, índice de masa corporal, índice de masa libre de grasa, porcentaje de grasa corporal, varones.
Psychophysiological reaction to exposure of thin women images in college students / Reacción psicofisiológica a la exposición de imágenes de mujeres delgadas en universitarias
Authors: Zuvirie Hernández Rosa Margarita , Rodríguez Ortiz María Dolores 
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Social standards of beauty profitness model is leading some young women to worry, especially those that are more susceptible to these models. The thin ideal internalization is a risk factor in development of body image concern. Therefore it was important to conduct a study that contemplate thoughts through body image and psychophysiological reaction to images of thin women. Psychophysiological assessment was conducted with 40 women between 19 and 25 age college students. The sample was divided in two groups: the group with negative thoughts toward body image and group with positive thoughts. We used a exploratory design. The statistical analysis found non statistically significant differences in the psychophysiological reaction to images of thin women in the group with positive and negative thoughts toward body image. These results indicate that exposure to these images does not cause variations in the psychophysiological reaction of women, because they have no significant body dissatisfaction, indicating the need to employ better methods to assess body image. Key Words. Body Image, Thoughts, Thinness, Psychophysiological Assessment, Resumen. Los estándares sociales del modelo de belleza prodelgadez, está llevando a que algunas mujeres jóvenes se preocupen, especialmente aquellas más susceptibles a estos modelos. A partir de esto la internalización del ideal de delgadez representa un factor de riesgo en el desarrollo de la preocupación por la imagen corporal. Por ello, fue importante realizar un estudio que contemplara el tipo de pensamientos hacia la imagen corporal y la reacción psicofisiológica ante imágenes de mujeres delgadas. Para tal efecto se realizó una evaluación psicofisiológica a 40 mujeres de 19 a 25 años estudiantes de Licenciatura. La muestra se dividió en dos grupos: el grupo con pensamientos negativos hacia la imagen corporal y el grupo con pensamientos positivos. Se utilizó un diseño exploratorio. Los resultados del estudio indican que no hay diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la reacción psicofisiológica ante imágenes de mujeres delgadas en el grupo con pensamientos positivos y negativos hacia la imagen corporal. Dichos resultados señalan que la exposición a estas imágenes no provoca variaciones en la reacción psicofisiológica de las mujeres, probablemente debido a que ellas no tienen insatisfacción corporal significativa, lo que muestra que es necesario emplear mejores métodos para evaluar la imagen corporal. Palabras Clave. Imagen Corporal, Pensamientos, Delgadez, Evaluación Psicofisiológica.