bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roman Basilicas and churches in terms of pensioner of the Imperial Fine Art Academy Petr Sokolov
Authors: Желнова Елена Геннадьевна 
Published: July 2021

Статья посвящена исследованию «Итальянского журнала» академика исторической живописи Петра Ивановича Соколова (1753–1791). Ведение журнала, в котором художник записывал те произведения, которые он видел в Риме, находясь там с 1773 по 1778 годы, было обязательным условием для пенсионеров Императорской Академии художеств. В наши дни римский дневник является важным источником, из которого исследователи могут узнать достоверные данные о пребывании художника в Италии. Анализируя записи П.И. Соколова, автор приходит к выводам, что рассматриваемый документ содержит не только описания произведений живописи, скульптуры, мозаики, а также интерьера и экстерьера церквей и базилик, которые посещал русский мастер, но и многочисленные личные оценки, отражающие предпочтения Соколова в искусстве, несомненно, отразившиеся в его собственном творчестве. «Итальянский журнал» П.И. Соколова хранится в фондах Российского государственного исторического архива в Санкт-Петербурге и на сегодняшний день не является опубликованным источником эпистолярного наследия художника.
This article focuses on the research of the “Italian journal” by academic of historical painting Petr Sokolov (1753–1791). Log keeping was indispensable condition for the pensioners of the Russian Imperial Fine Art academy. P.I. Sokolov wrote the information about arts which he saw in Rome from 1773 to 1778. In our days the Roman journal by P.I. Sokolov is relevant for researchers because they can read the reliable information about Roman period of the artist’s creativity. Analyze a text in Roman journal by P.I. Sokolov author comes to the conclusion that this document contains not only description of paintings, sculptures, mosaics, interior and exterior of basilicae and churches and also many personal views reflecting Sokolov’s preference for art which affected in his own creativity. The “Italian Journal” by P.I. Sokolov is Russian State Historical archive fund in Saint Petersburg and is not published today.
SUZDAL LAND IN THE HISTORICAL MEMORY OF THE MEDIEVAL HUNGARIAN NATION
Authors: Юрасов М.К. 
Published: July 2021

Венгрия в эпоху Арпадов, Древняя Русь, средневековая венгерская хронистика
Medieval Hungarian chroniclers tried to keep silent about the stay of their ancestors under the rule of Khazaria and wrote about their ancestors as the strongest people of “Scythia”. The author of the oldest extant “Acts of Hungarians” master P. even described the direct path of the Hungarian tribes from Suzdal to Kiev, bypassing the possession of the khanate. Suzdal is the only placename in medieval Hungarian sources that belongs to Northern Russia. He was well known to the Hungarians before the Embassy, sent by Vsevolod the Great Nest in 1190 to the Hungarian king Вéla III. Perhaps during their stay in the Upper and Middle Don, before the appearance in the Azov (the 9th century) Hungarians raided Suzdal land, and therefore in the historical memory of the Hungarian medieval people preserved the idea that Suzdal is somewhere on the outskirts of Scythia.
THE MEDIEVAL “DEMOCRACY”: POPULAR ASSEMBLIES IN NOVGOROD AND VENICE
Authors: Лукин П.В. 
Published: July 2021

Автор предпринимает попытку сравнительного изучения «народных собраний» Новгорода и докоммунальной Венеции (вече и аренго соответственно). Статья представляет собой первую часть исследования и посвящена характеристике той большой роли, которую играли «народные собрания» как в Новгороде, так и в докоммунальной Венеции. Один из главных выводов статьи состоит в том, что, несмотря на то что эти собрания были аренами для довольно массового участия населения в политической жизни, в то же время они постоянно порождали нестабильность.
The author makes an attempt at comparative study of assemblies of two medieval polities: Novgorod and pre-communal Venice (veche and arengo, respectively). In this article the first part of the study is presented which deals with qiute a huge role played by assemblies in both Novgorod and pre-communal Venice. One of the main conсlusions is that those gatherings despite being arenas for more or less mass participation in politics at the same time constantly created instability.
О НЕКОТОРЫХ СТЕРЕОТИПАХ ВОСПРИЯТИЯ РОССИИ И РУССКИХ В «ЗАПИСКАХ О МОСКОВИИ» СИГИЗМУНДА ГЕРБЕРШТЕЙНА
Authors: Кудрявцев О.Ф. 
Published: July 2021

Книга Сигизмунда Герберштейна «Записки о Московии» (1-е изд. – 1549 г.) – самое полное и обстоятельное описание Российской страны, сделанное в Европе в эпоху Возрождения. В ней много нового материала, который ее автор, гуманистически образованный европеец, тем не менее, очень часто использовал для иллюстрации старых, закоснелых стереотипов восприятия Руси/Московии/России, сложившихся в гораздо более раннее время.
The Herberstein’s work “Rerum Moscoviticarum commentarii” (1st ed. – 1549) is the most full and comprehensive description of Russia made in the Renaissance Europe. It contains a lot of new material, which the author, the humanistically educated European, mainly used nevertheless to illustrate the old, obdurate stereotypes of perception the Rus’/Muscovy/Russia formed in the previous centuries.
HE RELATIONSHIP TO THE RULING HOUSE, AS REFLECTED IN FEMALE PERSONAL NAMES (THE EARLY ROMANOVS AND DMITRY GODUNOV’S FAMILY)
Authors: Литвина А.Ф. , Успенский Ф.Б. 
Published: July 2021

В работе демонстрируется, каким образом в XVI – первой половине XVII в. выбор имени для женщины мог транслировать связь ее семьи с правящей династией в прошлом и настоящем. Причастность к власти могла воплощаться не только в том, как девочку нарекали при рождении, но и в перемене имени при замужестве и/или в монашеском постриге. Особое внимание уделяется семейной ситуации Дмитрия Ивановича Годунова, дяди царицы Ирины и царя Бориса, одного из самых влиятельных людей своего времени. Семья Дмитрия Ивановича прославлена, в частности, богатейшими вкладами образчиков художественного шитья, причем традиционно предполагается, что руководила мастерскими, где изготавливались эти драгоценные предметы, жена хозяина дома. Однако представления о том, как была устроена матримониальная жизнь Д. Годунова, до сих пор оставались весьма запутанными и противоречивыми, а соответственно, невозможной была и надежная атрибуция памятников, вышедших из его дома. Настоящая работа призвана восполнить эту лакуну.
The paper demonstrates how in the 16th – the first half of the 17th century the choice of a name for a woman could reflect the connection of her family with the ruling dynasty in the past and present. Involvement in power could be embodied not only in the way the girl was named at birth, but also in changing her name in marriage and/or in monastic tonsure. Particular attention is paid to the family situation of Dmitry Ivanovich Godunov, the uncle of Tsarina Irina and Tsar Boris, one of the most influential people of that time. The family of Dmitriy Ivanovich is known, in particular, for the richest donations of specimens of artistic sewing, and it is traditionally assumed that his wives supervised the workshops where these precious objects were made. However, the ideas about the matrimonial life of Dmitriy Godunov were still very intricate and controversial, and, accordingly, the reliable attribution of artifacts that left his house was impossible. This work is designed to fill this gap.
CARVING AND PAINTING ON THE WOOD IN OLD RUS’: CHRONOLOGY OF STILISTIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Жилина Н.В. 
Published: July 2021

В статье осуществлен стилистический анализ орнаментации древнерусских деревянных изделий X – начала XIV в., а также рассмотрено развитие этой орнаментации внутри систематизированного ранее материала по древнерусской орнаментике. Большинство деревянных изделий имеет точные дендрохронологические даты. При сопоставлении орнаментальных изображений использована методика выделения кривых, лежащих в основе мотивов и элементов. В итоге удалось получить еще одну твердую хронологическую основу для подтверждения основных этапов стилистического развития древнерусского орнаментального искусства, а также обогатить за счет нового материала представление о развитии древнерусской орнаментики.
Stylistic analysis of the ornamentation of Old Rus’ wooden works of the 10th – early 14th century is carried out in the article, as well as consideration of the development of this ornamentation within the systematized material upon Old Rus’ ornamentation is made. Most wooden products have exact dendrochronological dates. When comparing ornamental images, the method of collation of the curves which are underlying in the motifs and elements is used. As a result, it was possible to obtain yet another firm chronological basis for confirming the main stages of the stylistic development of Old Rus’ ornamental art as well as to enrich the representation about the development of Old Rus’ ornamentation in the whole with new material.
ENCOLPION FROM THE VLASII MONASTERY IN VOLOKOLAMSK AND ITS ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXT
Authors: Чернов С.З. 
Published: July 2021

Анализируя данные археологических раскопок в церкви Петра и Павла в г. Волоколамске в 2017 г., автор выделяет группу находок (стеклянный браслет, цилиндрический замок типа В, серая керамика с орнаментом «косая волна» раннего вида), которые имеют системные аналогии с комплексом находок из сруба 6 Великого посада Москвы конца XIII – первой половины XIV в., изученного во время раскопок на Красной площади в 1988 г. Это позволяет определить время отложения лицевой створки бронзового креста-энколпиона, который принадлежит к группе энколпионов с изображением Распятия на лицевой стороне и Богоматери Агиосоритиссы (заступницы) на оборотной стороне (тип II.4.3 по Г. Ф. Корзухиной – А. А. Песковой). На основании анализа полученных в ходе раскопок материалов высказано предположение о возникновении монастыря в последней четверти XIII – начале XIV в.
Analyzing the data of archaeological excavations in the Church of Peter and Paul in Volokolamsk in 2017, the author identifies a group of finds (glass bracelet, cylindrical lock type B, gray ceramics with the ornament “oblique wave” of the early species), which have systemic similarities with the complex of finds from the construction 6 of the Great Moscow suburb of the late 13th – the first half of the 14th century, studied during excavations on Red Square in 1988. This makes it possible to determine the time of deposition of the front half of the bronze cross-encolpion, which belongs to the group of encolpions with the image of the Crucifixion on the front and the Virgin Agiosoritissa (intercessor) on the reverse side (type II.4.3 according to G. F. Korzukhina – A. A. Peskova). Based on the analysis of the materials obtained during the excavations, it was suggested that the monastery appeared in the last quarter of the 13th – beginning of 14th century.
SEMANTICS OF THE WORD ГЛУМИТЬСЯ IN OLD RUSSIAN
Authors: Григорьев А.В. 
Published: July 2021

татья посвящена глаголу глумиться, семантика которого недостаточно освещена в исторических словарях русского языка. Смысл древнерусского слова раскрывается полнее благодаря учету ранее не привлекавшихся источников, в том числе греческих оригиналов древнерусских письменных памятников. Найденные контексты позволили верифицировать дефиниции данного слова в исторических словарях и выявить новые значения, например, ‘рассуждать, размышлять’, ‘учиться’, которые возникают в XI–XVII в.
The paper is devoted to the verb глумиться. Semantics of this word is not sufficiently represented in the Russian historical dictionaries. Use of not earlier engaged sources, including Greek originals of Old Russian manuscripts, reveals the verb meaning more completely. The found contexts make it possible to verify the definitions of this word in historical dictionaries and identify new meanings, for example, ‘to reason, to reflect’, ‘to learn’, which appeared in the 11th – 17th centuries.
THE SECOND PROLOGUE’S REDACTION OF THE LIFE OF ST. STEPHAN OF PERM CONNECTED WITH THE ALL-RUSSIAN CANONIZATION OF THE SAINT
Authors: Духанина А.В. 
Published: July 2021

Статья посвящена неисследованной Второй Проложной редакции Жития Стефана Пермского, которая была создана в середине XVI в. в связи с общерусской канонизацией святителя на Макарьевском соборе 1549 г. и относится к целому комплексу созданных в это время проложных редакций, частично отраженному в сборнике РГБ. Собр. Н. П. Румянцева. № 397, середины XVI в. Текст этой редакции основан на Епифаниевской редакции Жития, которая цитируется дословно либо пересказывается, преимущественно с использованием лексики Епифания. При этом Вторая Проложная редакция содержит некоторые новые исторические детали и интересные языковые особенности. Эта редакция не получила распространения, сохранившись в единичных списках, однако в XVII в. именно она была включена в печатный Пролог. В Приложении текст Второй Проложной редакции публикуется по старшему известному списку с указанием разночтений со вторым выявленным списком.
The article is devoted to the unexplored Second Prologue’s Redaction of the Life of St. Stephan of Perm, created in the half of the 16th century in relation to the all-Russian canonization of the saint at the Church Council of 1549. It refers to the whole complex of the Prologue’s redactions created at this time which is partially reflected in the manuscript of Russian State Library. Coll. H. P. Rumyantsev. # 397, the half of the 16th century. The text of this Redaction is based on the Epiphanius the Wise’s Redaction of the Life, which is quoted literally or retold, mainly using the Epiphany’s vocabulary. The Second Prologue’s Redaction contains some new historical details and interesting language features. This Redaction did not get distribution, having remained in a few copies, however in the 17th century it was included in the printed Prologue. In the Appendix the text of the Second Prologue’s Redaction is published on the earliest revealed copy with displaying discrepancies with the second later copy.
THE FIRE-LIKE ICONOGRAPHY OF THE VIRGIN
Authors: Гребенюк Т.Е. 
Published: July 2021

Статья посвящена исследованию иконографии Богоматери «Огневидная», известной по иконам начиная с XVIII в. в среде старообрядцев-иконописцев поповского согласия. Особо выделяется Ветка, следовавшая древним традициям и в то же время создавшая новые иконографии. Иконописные мастера Ветки осмыслили «Свет» и «цвет» на иконе в онтологическом единстве Слова и образа. Иконография Богоматери рассмотрена в контексте библейских текстов, трудов Отцов Церкви и гимнографов. Представлена уникальная иконография «Богоматерь Огнеобразная Колесница Слову» как образец творческого развития ветковских мастеров, которые оказали влияние на старообрядческий мир и, в частности, стали одним из основных источников невьянской школы иконописания.
The article is devoted to the iconography of the Virgin “Fire-like”, known by the icons from the 18th century among the priested old believers icon painters. Vetka, which followed ancient traditions and at the same time created new iconography, stands out. Vetka’s icon-painting masters comprehended “Light” and “color” on the icon in ontological unity of Word and image. The iconography of the Virgin is considered in the context of the biblical texts, Church Fathers’ writings and hymnography. A unique iconography “Virgin Fire-like Chariot of the Word” is presented as a sample of creative development of Vetka’s masters who influenced the old believers’ world and, in particular, have become one of the main sources of Nevyansk school of icon painting.
The Effects of Computer-assisted L1 and L2 Textual and Audio Glosses on Vocabulary Learning and Reading Comprehension across Different Learning Styles
Authors: Tadayonifar Mojtaba , Entezari Mahnaz , Valizadeh Mohammadreza 
Published: July 2021

The current study investigated the effects of computer-assisted L1 and L2 textual and audio glosses on vocabulary learning and reading comprehension across various learning styles. Based on the PET test, 30 homogeneous Iranian EFL learners took the VARK questionnaire and were divided into five learning style groups. Twenty-eight words were selected to be glossed in four reading passages. The selected passages, which were glossed in the four different forms of L1 and L2 audio and L1 and L2 textual by creating hyperlinks on the target words, were presented to the participants through a computer screen. All groups underwent all the treatment conditions and then took posttests. Three-way ANOVAs were run to investigate the effects of learning styles, modes, and language, and their two-way and three-way interactions on the performance of EFL learners on the vocabulary and reading comprehension posttests. While no significant differences between language and mode of glosses on the reading comprehension posttest scores were observed, it was revealed that L1 glosses were more beneficial than L2 glosses for vocabulary learning. The study also showed that the textual glosses were more effective than audio glosses for vocabulary learning. The results further displayed significant differences between learning styles on the vocabulary learning and reading comprehension posttest scores.
Development Assistance "Apaya" (Abon Papaya) As Business Creative Village Kumba, District Jagoi Babang Bengkayang
Authors: Marhayani Dina Anika , Zulfahita Zulfahita , Prihatiningtyas Nindy Citroresmi , Mariyam Mariyam , Setyowati Rini , T Ahmad Yani 
Published: July 2021

<p> </p><em>One of the forms of business that may be done by a housewife is entrepreneurship, namely making APAYA (Abon Papaya). Processed food products made from papaya are chosen as an entrepreneurial business because they have good prospects. In addition to the young leaves as medicine, the fruit can be used as sweets, there are other food preparations made from papaya. Given the benefits and good nutritional content, papaya fruit verification is needed so that the product can be more acceptable to the community. The purpose of this activity is to inspire people about an idea and an entrepreneurial spirit with raw materials that are easily available and available around them so that they can increase household income. Through this service activity, assistance in making APAYA (Abon Papaya) into an economic commodity product in the form of shredded shredded can provide an alternative to new economic businesses in the community. The positive impact of this activity is to increase skills and knowledge related to the production of processed papaya fruit.</em>
Entrepreneurship and Equilibrium
Authors: Tang Ying , Block Walter , Gordon David 
Published: July 2021

Neoclassic economic theory regards equilibrium, whether general or partial, as a crucially important foundation of the dismal science[1]. In the view of mainstream economists, the general equilibrium framework not only an investigation of the economy in terms of its perfect qualities, but also is suitable as an end or goal of action. The Austrian school, in contrast, sees equilibrium (or the evenly rotating economy - ERE) merely as a tendency for economic activities to move us in that direction, but it is never attained. Praxeological economics has thus concentrated not on equilibrium, but on the process by which the market moves toward it. Since the process of shifting resources to meet these ends cannot be achieved spontaneously, entrepreneurship plays a key role. In Mises and Rothbard’s view, entrepreneurship involves uncertainty bearing which beyond the alertness emphasized by Hayek and Kirzner; on the other hand, unlike Lachmann looks the economy as a kaleidoscope and rejects the ERE, Mises and Rothbard regard the ERE as an indispensable way to understand the economy.

[1] As Frank H. Hahn said “Whatever economics is used or thought about, equilibrium is a central organizing concept.” (Hahn 1984: 43). Many economists and philosophers of science consider mathematical neoclassical general equilibrium theory as one of the peak achievements of economics (Rosenberg, 1992). Tieben (2012) stated that policy-makers and theorists of all schools of economics all use some form of equilibrium theory to develop their ideas and support their main theoretical and political claims. Lawson (2005) indicated that the equilibrium concept is a major cause of controversy between different schools of economic thought. A.W. Bob Coats even deems it the case that “economics has been dominated throughout its history by a single paradigm – the theory of economic equilibrium via the market mechanism.” (Coats 1969: 292).
Novel drug for COVID-19: Virafin a therapeutic breakthrough
Authors: Robinson J , Banerjee I , Roy B , Leclézio A 
Published: July 2021

Background: Pegylated Interferon Alpha-2b is synthesized via the use of PEG (polyethylene glycol). It is formulated via attaching a 12kDa mono methoxy polyethylene glycol moiety to the recombinant human Interferon Alpha-2b protein. Pegylated Interferon Alpha-2b acts via binding to the (JAK/STAT) Janus kinase signal transducer and activator of the transcription interferon receptor. The Pegylated Interferon Alpha-2b /Virafin binds to the (IFNAR1/2) alpha interferon receptor 1 and 2. Pegylated Interferon Alpha-2b better known as Virafin has been approved by the Drugs Controller General of India. This therapeutic agent is currently under a multicentric phase 3 trial with very promising results being reported. A single subcutaneous dose of Virafin has been shown to decrease the need for oxygen therapy in patients. This reduction in the need for oxygen therapy is a vital factor needed to provide relief to the Indian medical system in light of the recent oxygen shortages faced due to India’s worst wave of COVID-19 cases since the onset of the global pandemic. Pegylated Interferon Alpha-2b/ Virafin confers enhanced viral clearance and bolsters the immune response to induce a quicker recovery in patients with mild to moderate symptoms.
Conclusion: It is of paramount importance that further research on Virafin is undertaken as it can hinder the progression of COVID-19, reduce pressure on the inundated health systems, and save countless lives.
Epileptic seizures in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review of early evidences
Authors: Roy B , Banerjee I 
Published: July 2021

Background: Global emergence of SARS-CoV-2 surfaced neurological complications amongst the patients. COVID-19 resembles with other coronavirus strains follows a trend of neurological complication, damage and encephalopathy, which entails considerable risks, requires attention for the neurologists. This is, to our knowledge, the first systematic review of the literature to investigate solely to elucidate the seizure spectrum by unfolding epileptogenicity of the SARS CoV-2 and potential pathways of neuroinvasion.
Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed and Embase database following standard guidelines, using specific keywords based on epileptic seizure onset described from December 01, 2019, to July 17, 2020
Results: A total of 17 studies were included ranging from case reports, series of cases, multicentre cross-sectional study with the first-time onset of seizure associated with an epileptic origin. We excavated causes of complex COVID-19 related neurological manifestations, e.g., cerebrovascular diseases, encephalitis, demyelinating lesions, cytokine storm and proposed routes of SARS-CoV-2 entry into the nervous system to understand the mechanism of an epileptic seizure.
Conclusion: COVID-19 is a potent neuropathogen which causes the new onset of epileptic seizures should get diagnostic recognition to evade possible deterioration of neurological conditions. However, more shreds of evidence from the future will further elucidate the epileptogenic potential of the pandemic.