bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Private Hospital training, mind the gap
Authors: Gaszynski Rafael , Ravindran Praveen , Chan Daniel L , Gray Andrew 
Published: June 2021

Background: Australasian vocational training traditionally occurs within the public hospital domain. Early studies and a Commonwealth funded program, suggested private sector training as a feasible option with implementation across multiple specialties. This is the first Australian study that examines the vocational trainees’ experience in private hospital rotations, focusing on procedural exposure and predictors of an effective learning experience. Methods: General surgical trainees were surveyed. Trainees that had completed at least six months were eligible. A 15 item questionnaire was used to assess five domains: operative, clinical teaching, trainees’ recommendations: clinic and on-call exposure. Results: Nine private hospitals with accredited rotations provided 95 eligible trainees, with 45 respondents (response rate 47%). 22% performed major procedures as the primary proceduralist and 13% performed any endoscopy. Over half of respondents rated the teaching in private hospitals as ‘average’ or below, whilst the majority (58%) were not satisfied with the overall training experience and would not recommend it to their peers. Conclusion: Whilst private sector training has been implemented by 13 specialist colleges, our survey suggests a gap remains between private and public vocational training. Limited trainee primary procedure exposure and difficulties with access to private outpatient clinics are major criteria that require review.
Preparing students to respond: A pilot study to explore whether Mask-Ed simulation can assist students in developing clinical judgment
Authors: Frost Jane S , Sainsbury Kathryn , Waller Christine 
Published: June 2021

Clinical judgment is a key component of ‘thinking like a nurse’(Tanner, 2006). This pilot project uses Mask-Ed™ simulation in conjunction with Tanners (2006) Clinical Judgment Model to explore clinical judgment in a pre-clinical workshop. Method: a cross sectional survey was conducted with third year nursing students enrolled in one unit of study. Results: The confidence of students to respond to a patient, one of the four domains of clinical judgment (Tanner, 2006) was increased. Conclusion : Mask-Ed™ when used in a pre-clinical workshop shows the potential to positively affect the student nurses ability to respond to a patient cues, a key part of patient care and the development of clinical judgment.
Female representation in games: uma proposta de unidade didática com base na translinguagem para a aula de língua inglesa
Authors: Ramos Dêner Da Silva , Welp Anamaria Kurtz de Souza 
Published: June 2021

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma unidade didática (UD) elaborada para a aula de língua inglesa como língua adicional de uma turma de oitavo ano do ensino fundamental. Apoiada no ensino e aprendizagem de língua adicional com base em tarefas, a UD tem como temática principal a representação de personagens femininas em jogos eletrônicos e o gênero minibiografia como proposta de produção final. Nesse contexto, a discussão se ancorou na noção de repertório linguístico e sua relação com a translinguagem e na teoria sociocultural e o processo de andaimento no ensino de língua adicional. O artigo descreve as tarefas e suas recomendações de aplicação e procura demonstrar como o trabalho com a translinguagem em aulas de língua adicional pode ser um importante recurso para aproximar o aluno da língua que está aprendendo.
Palavras-chave: Translinguagem; Andaimento; Unidade didática.
A Comparative Study on Profile Characteristics of Farm Men and Women in Paddy Cultivation: A Study in Shivamogga District
Authors: Kavyashree C. , Beerannavar Basavaraj , Kusumalatha D. V. , Vishwanath H. 
Published: June 2021

The slogan “RICE is life” is most appropriate for India as this crop plays a vital role in our national food security and is a means of livelihood for millions of rural households. Major Rice growing districts of Karnataka are Bellary, Davangere, Mysore, Mandya, and Shivamogga. The study was conducted in Shivamogga district since Shivamogga district comes under medium productive region of Karnataka state. The study revealed that one third (38.33 %) of farm men had a high level of education whereas, less than half of the respondents (43.34 %) of farm women had a medium level of education. A little more than half (50.00 %) of farm men and farm women belonged to small-sized landholding categories. Concerning extension contact, it is observed that a more significant number (53.33%) of farm men had a medium level of extension agency contact, nearly half (46.57 %) of farm women had a low level of extension contact. Most (43.34 %) of the farm men and around forty percent of farm women had medium-level extension participation. It is evident from the study that farm women stay lower in most of the profile characters than men and there exists a diversification in socio-economic status, psychological behavior and participative nature of farm men and women due to various gender issues. Hence, this paper throws a light on the comparison of profile characteristics of farm men and farm women who are paddy growers of shivamogga district, where it clearly depicts the profile characters that are low in women than men and that can be taken as a lead to educate the male dominated family to find out the push factors missing for farmwomen and the best way it can be improved. It also helps the policy makers and extension agents to concentrate more on women to improve their socio-economic, psychological and communicational characters in society by suggesting location specific feasible solutions, that further improves the efficiency of farm men and women in paddy cultivation.
Study Case: Productivity of Catched Fish in Locations around the Construction of Coal Power Plant, Jepara Indonesia
Authors: Isworo Slamet , Febrianto Slamet , Aji Tosan , Oetari Poerna Sri , Jasmiene Ekannisa 
Published: June 2021

Background and objective: The productivity of fishing in marine waters provides an overview of the level of ability of the fishing gear used by fishermen to obtain optimal fish catches. This study aims to determine the productivity of fishing in locations around the construction of the coal-fired power plant, Jepara Indonesia.
Methods: The method used is a descriptive method which is a case study. This research case is about annual marine fishery productivity by calculating Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE), then predictions are made using simple regression analysis.
Results: Based on the results of the study, a positive modeling trend (increase) was obtained for total fishery production, total demersal fishery production, and total pelagic fish production.
Conclusion: capture fisheries productivity in Jepara waters is generally quite good and is not affected due to the development of Tanjung Jati coal-fired power plant B-Unit 5 -6. This is because it is not a fishing operation area for fishermen so there is no potential conflict with fishermen.
Suggestion: The results of this study can be used by the Government of Jepara Regency in determining sustainable fishing policies and not overfishing
Integrated multi‐omics profiling of high‐grade estrogen receptor‐positive, HER2‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Wang Kang , Li Lun , Franch‐Expósito Sebastià , Le Xin , Tang Jun , Li Qing , Wu Qianxue , Bassaganyas Laia , Camps Jordi , Zhang Xiang , Li Hongyuan , Foukakis Theodoros , Xiang Tingxiu , Wu Jiong , Ren Guosheng 
Published: June 2021

Estrogen receptor‐positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐negative (ER+HER2−) breast cancer accounts for ~ 60–70% of all cases of invasive breast carcinoma. High‐grade ER+HER2− tumors respond poorly to endocrine therapy. In this study, we systematically analyzed clinical and multi‐omics data to find potential strategies for personalized therapy of patients with high‐grade ER+HER2− disease. Six different cohorts were analyzed, for which multi‐omics data were available. Grade III ER+HER2− cases harbored higher proportions of large tumor size (> 5 cm), lymph node metastasis, chemotherapy use, and luminal B subtypes defined by PAM50, as compared with grade I/II tumors. DNA methylation (HM450) data and methylation‐specific PCR indicated that the cg18629132 locus in the MKI67 promoter was hypermethylated in grade I/II cases and normal tissue, but hypomethylated in grade III cases or triple‐negative breast cancer, resulting in higher expression of MKI67. Mutations in ESR1 and TP53 were detected in post‐endocrine treatment metastatic samples at a higher rate than in treatment‐naive tumors in grade III cases. We identified 42 and 20 focal copy number events in nonmetastatic and metastatic high‐grade ER+HER2− cases, respectively, with either MYC or MDM2 amplification representing an independent prognostic event in grade III cases. Transcriptional profiling within grade III tumors highlighted ER signaling downregulation and upregulation of immune‐related pathways in non‐luminal‐like tumors defined by PAM50. Recursive partitioning analysis was employed to construct a decision tree of an endocrine‐resistant subgroup (GATA3‐negative and AGR‐negative) of two genes that was validated by immunohistochemistry in a Chinese cohort. All together, these data suggest that grade III ER+HER2− tumors have distinct clinical and molecular characteristics compared with low‐grade tumors, particularly in cases with non‐luminal‐like biology. Due to the dismal prognosis in this group, clinical trials are warranted to test the efficacy of potential novel therapies.
Ethnoarchaeology
Authors: Sapirstein Philip 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Ethnoarchaeology, also known as
action
or
living
archaeology, studies living people in order to enhance our understanding of past human behavior and cultural systems reflected in the archaeological record. The fieldwork is distinguished from ethnography by its explicit concern with archaeological questions. Emerging in the 1960s as an important subdiscipline of the “New” archaeology, ethnoarchaeology has expanded in scope beyond an initial focus on technology and adaptive strategies to engage with problems posed by post‐processual theorists. The validity and correct application of the analogy inherent to its interpretive framework continue to be debated.
Ariarathid Dynasty
Authors: MICHELS CHRISTOPH 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

The Ariarathids were an Iranian dynasty that ruled over the Hellenistic kingdom of Cappadocia from its beginnings in the third century until ca. 96
bce
. They were initially dominated by the Seleucids, and with increasing independence became their allies. After Rome's defeat of the Seleucids, the Ariarathids switched sides and became allies of the Attalids and Rome. In the late second century, the Mithradatids of Pontos tried to establish control over Cappadocia. The ensuing power struggles led to the end of the Ariarathid dynasty.
Churches, Miaphysite
Authors: Wood Philip 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Miaphysitism is the idea that Christ has a single united nature that is both human and divine. This idea is rooted in the works of Cyril of Alexandria. Many Miaphysites were opposed to the theology articulated at the 451 council of Chalcedon and the Miaphysite churches in the Roman East gradually evolved a distinctive identity over the course of the sixth century.
Daskyleion
Authors: İren Kaan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Daskyleion was a settlement serving as the capital of a Persian satrapy in ancient Anatolia that controlled Hellespontine Phrygia, and probably also Bithynia, Paphlagonia, Phrygia, and Cappadocia. The settlement was additionally important due to its multicultural (Phrygian, Lydian, Persian, and Greek) society and materials.
Mut (city)
Authors: Hope Colin A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Abstract: The city of Mut is in central Dakhleh Oasis. It comprises a large temple enclosure with the remains of a stone temple dedicated to the god Seth and associated buildings, and several nearby cemeteries. Occupation spans four millennia roughly from 3000
bce
to 1200
ce
. It is currently the longest known occupied site in Egypt's Western Desert.
Isca
Authors: Gardner Andrew 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Isca is a Roman legionary fortress and canabae in Wales, built by the legion II Augusta in the later first century
ce
and inhabited throughout much of the Roman occupation of Britain. It remains an impressive site today, with well‐preserved walls, baths, barracks and an amphitheater, and with many important finds having been discovered in excavations over the last century.
Augustus (Imperator Caesar Augustus)
Authors: Osgood Josiah 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAugustus (63bce–14ce) was Rome's first emperor. He was the key figure in bringing permanent monarchy to Rome, and also an unprecedented peace across the Mediterranean, named after him: “Augustan Peace.” A hardworking administrator, he overhauled the city of Rome and put the finances of the empire on a new footing. He is also remembered for ruthless treatment of his political opponents and members of his family who crossed him.
Athens, Prehistoric and Early Iron Age
Authors: van damme Trevor 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAthens has been continuously occupied since the Neolithic period. During the Late Bronze Age, the Acropolis featured a Cyclopean fortification and numerous wealthy chamber tombs. Shortly after 1200bce, the community suffered a major decline in population and for around a century the population declined. During the Protogeometric and Geometric periods, Athens experienced a sustained period of growth that saw a series of small settlement nuclei around the Acropolis grow and merge into a single large urban center. The same periods saw the emergence of the first public cults as well as the introduction of alphabetic script.
Survey of patient‐specific quality assurance practice for IMRT and VMAT
Authors: Chan Gordon H. , Chin Lee C. L. , Abdellatif Ady , Bissonnette Jean‐Pierre , Buckley Lesley , Comsa Daria , Granville Dal , King Jenna , Rapley Patrick L. , Vandermeer Aaron 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA first‐time survey across 15 cancer centers in Ontario, Canada, on the current practice of patient‐specific quality assurance (PSQA) for intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) delivery was conducted. The objectives were to assess the current state of PSQA practice, identify areas for potential improvement, and facilitate the continued improvement in standardization, consistency, efficacy, and efficiency of PSQA regionally. The survey asked 40 questions related to PSQA practice for IMRT/VMAT delivery. The questions addressed PSQA policy and procedure, delivery log evaluation, instrumentation, measurement setup and methodology, data analysis and interpretation, documentation, process, failure modes, and feedback. The focus of this survey was on PSQA activities related to routine IMRT/VMAT treatments on conventional linacs, including stereotactic body radiation therapy but excluding stereotactic radiosurgery. The participating centers were instructed to submit answers that reflected the collective view or opinion of their department and represented the most typical process practiced. The results of the survey provided a snapshot of the current state of PSQA practice in Ontario and demonstrated considerable variations in the practice. A large majority (80%) of centers performed PSQA measurements on all VMAT plans. Most employed pseudo‐3D array detectors with a true composite (TC) geometry. No standard approach was found for stopping or reducing frequency of measurements. The sole use of delivery log evaluation was not widely implemented, though most centers expressed interest in adopting this technology. All used the Gamma evaluation method for analyzing PSQA measurements; however, no universal approach was reported on how Gamma evaluation and pass determination criteria were determined. All or some PSQA results were reviewed regularly in two‐thirds of the centers. Planning related issues were considered the most frequent source for PSQA failures (40%), whereas the most frequent course of action for a failed PSQA was to review the result and decide whether to proceed to treatment.
Ultrathin Titanium Carbide (MXene) Films for High‐Temperature Thermal Camouflage
Authors: Li Lei , Shi Mengke , Liu Xiaoya , Jin Xiuxiu , Cao Yanxia , Yang Yanyu , Wang Wanjie , Wang Jianfeng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThermal camouflage has attracted increasing attention owing to the rapid development of infrared (IR) surveillance technologies. Various materials and systems have been developed to date, but the realization of high‐temperature thermal camouflage using ultrathin film/coating remains a great challenge; this is of great significance, especially for IR stealth in military equipment. This work demonstrates a series of ultrathin Ti3C2Tx MXene films (as low as 1 µm) with superior high‐temperature indoor/outdoor thermal camouflage performance: wide camouflage temperature range (from below −10 °C to over 500 °C), large reduction in radiation temperature (exceeding 300 °C for objects with temperatures over 500 °C), long‐term high‐temperature or fire stability, multifunctionality including disguised Joule heating capability, and high electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency. The superior high‐temperature thermal camouflage performance of the ultrathin MXene film is attributed to its low mid‐IR emissivity (0.19), which is comparable to that of stainless steel but far below that of other 2D nanomaterials, such as graphene. The multifunctional ultrathin MXene films prepared through simple vacuum‐assisted filtration provide a feasible method for efficient high‐temperature thermal camouflage using ultrathin films, demonstrating the great promise of MXene materials for thermal camouflage, IR stealth, counter‐surveillance, and security protection.
2D Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Energy Conversion and Storage
Authors: Wang Yinghui , Liu Lizhen , Ma Tianyi , Zhang Yihe , Huang Hongwei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGraphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) have attracted great attention in the field of energy conversion and storage due to its unique layered structure, tunable bandgap, metal‐free characteristic, high physicochemical stability, and easy accessibility. 2D g‐C3N4 nanosheets have the features of short charge/mass transfer path, abundant reactive sites and easy functionalization, which are beneficial to optimizing their performance in different fields. However, the reviews of the comprehensive applications of 2D g‐C3N4 for energy conversion and storage are rare. Herein, this review first introduces the physicochemical properties of bulk g‐C3N4 and g‐C3N4 nanosheets, and then summarizes the synthetic strategies of 2D g‐C3N4 nanosheets in detail, such as thermal oxidation etching, chemical exfoliation, ultrasonication‐assisted liquid phase exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition, and others. Emphasis is focused on the rational design and development of 2D g‐C3N4 nanosheets for the diversified applications in energy conversion and storage, including photocatalytic H2 evolution, CO2 reduction, electrocatalytic H2 evolution, O2 evolution, O2 reduction, alkali‐metal ion batteries, lithium‐metal batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, metal‐air batteries, and supercapacitors. Finally, the current challenges and perspectives of 2D g‐C3N4 nanosheets for energy conversion and storage applications are discussed.
Efficient Hole Transfer via Delocalized Excited State in Small Molecular Acceptor: A Comparative Study on Photodynamics of PM6:Y6 and PM6:ITIC Organic Photovoltaic Blends
Authors: Liang Shuyan , Li Siying , Zhang Yannan , Li Tao , Zhou Haoxiang , Jin Feng , Sheng Chuanxiang , Ni Gang , Yuan Jianyu , Ma Wanli , Zhao Haibin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOrganic solar cells (OSCs) based on small molecular acceptors (SMAs) have made great development with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 16% due to the design of novel materials and advances in device preparation technology. This work fabricates two bulk‐heterojunction photovoltaic devices containing the same wide‐bandgap donor PM6, respectively, matched with popular Y6 and ITIC SMAs. The PM6:Y6‐based device achieves a much higher PCE of 15.21% than the PM6:ITIC‐based device of 9.02%. On the basis of comparisons of macroscopic performances in the quasistatic regime, transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) is further performed to better understand the microscopic dynamics difference in charge separation processes between the two photovoltaic blends. According to the TAS results, the calculated hole transfer efficiency in PM6:Y6 is 71.4%, far greater than the efficiency of 13.1% in PM6:ITIC, demonstrating favorable charge separation at donor/acceptor interfaces via hole transfer channel in PM6:Y6. The favorable hole transfer in PM6:Y6 is accounted for by its better mutual miscibility between the donor and acceptor, and the formation of long‐lived delocalized intramoiety excimer state in the acceptor. These results highlight the important role of proper molecular design strategy with strong intermolecular coupling and beneficial film morphology on facilitating charge generation in OSCs adopting SMAs.
Intracellular Nanoparticle Formation and Hydroxychloroquine Release for Autophagy‐Inhibited Mild‐Temperature Photothermal Therapy for Tumors
Authors: Gao Ge , Sun Xianbao , Liu Xiaoyang , Jiang Yao‐Wen , Tang Runqun , Guo Yuxin , Wu Fu‐Gen , Liang Gaolin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMild‐temperature photothermal therapy (PTT) of tumors has been intensively explored and adopted in preclinical/clinical trials in recent years. Nevertheless, tumor thermoresistance significantly compromises the therapeutic efficacy of mild‐temperature PTT, and therefore, the extra addition of anti‐thermoresistance agent is needed. Herein, by rational design of a peptide‐hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) conjugate Cypate‐Phe‐Phe‐Lys(SA‐HCQ)‐Tyr(H2PO3)‐OH (Cyp‐HCQ‐Yp), a “smart” strategy of enzyme‐triggered simultaneously intracellular photothermal nanoparticle formation and HCQ release is proposed for autophagy‐inhibited mild‐temperature PTT of tumor. In vitro results show that, under sequential catalysis of enzymes alkaline phosphatase and carboxylesterase, Cyp‐HCQ‐Yp is converted to Cypate‐Phe‐Phe‐Lys(SA)‐Tyr‐OH (Cyp‐Y) which self‐assembles into its nanoparticle Cyp‐NP and HCQ is released from Cyp‐HCQ‐Yp. By comparing with two control agents, it is validated that the exceptional therapeutic effect of Cyp‐HCQ‐Yp on tumor in vivo is achieved by its dual‐enzyme‐controlled intracellular nanoparticle formation and autophagy inhibition in tumors.