bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dyeing of synthetic fiber-based wool blended fabrics in supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Mousa Abdalla A. , Mohamed Fatma A. , Abd El-Megied Saadia A. , Youssef Yehya A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDevelopment of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) dyeing technology for natural fabrics and their blended fabrics is essential for the textile industry due to environmental and economic considerations. Wool (W), polyester (PET) and nylon (N) fabrics and their wool/polyester (W/PET) and wool/nylon (W/N) blended fabrics were dyed in SC-CO2 medium with a synthesized reactive disperse dye containing a vinylsulphone (VS) reactive group, which behaves as a disperse dye for synthetic fibers and a reactive dye for protein fibers. The SC-CO2 dyeing performance of all fabrics was investigated in terms of color strength, fixation, colorimetric and fastness measurements and compared with the conventional aqueous dyeing method. The results obtained indicate that the VS reactive disperse dye structure and non-polar PET component mainly improved colour strength (K/S) values of the dyed PET fabric and W/PET blended fabrics in SC-CO2 compared with those in the aqueous medium. Also, SC-CO2 dyeing has a notable influence on a*, b* and C* values of the dyed PET, N and W/PET fabrics and showed that the uptake of the VS reactive disperse dye and their appearance colors are higher and more saturated than the aqueous dyed samples. The levelling and fastness properties of all dyed fabrics in SC-CO2 medium are similar to those obtained in the aqueous medium. It was observed that VS reactive disperse dye penetrates well into the PET fabric and is chemically bound with the W fabric using both SC-CO2 and aqueous media and did not display significant color difference (∆E) values of W, PET and W/PET fabrics even after 20 washing cycles. The study claims that the VS reactive disperse dye structure and dyed PET-based wool blended fabric are good candidates for industrially SC-CO2 dyeing technology.
Artificial intelligence entropy generation modelling of steam turbine control valves at extremely low steam mass flow
Authors: Strušnik D. , Avsec J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Technological and ecological environmental regulations in the EU are increasingly focused on reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Consequently, older coal-fired thermal power plants are being compelled to cease operations or switch to more environmentally friendly primary energy sources. By replacing coal technology with gas technology, the production of steam, which drives the existing steam turbine, is significantly reduced. The existing coal boiler is replaced with a heat recovery steam generator that utilises the exhaust heat from the gas turbine, thus reducing the nominal steam input to the steam turbine from 64 kg/s to only 10 kg/s. This raises doubts about the feasibility of retaining the existing steam turbine, which is designed for higher flows. To address this, a simulation model has been created using artificial intelligence and real process data. The model calculates entropy generation and consequently the loss of available work energy (exergy) at the inlet throttling valves of the steam turbine under extremely low flow conditions. The generated entropy is closely related to the losses of available work energy or exergy. The model results show that due to the extreme throttling of the steam passing through the inlet control valves, exergy losses can amount to up to 1.12 MW. This is work energy permanently lost, which could otherwise have been used for electricity production.
Thermoelectric properties of multifunctional metashale mortar with carbon fiber dust
Authors: Hotěk P , Fiala L 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The ability of thermoelectric geopolymer mortars to convert waste heat into electrical energy significantly expands their potential in civil engineering applications. The effectivity of this conversion, expressed by the figure of merit (ZT), is positively influenced by three material parameters, high electrical conductivity, the Seebeck coefficient, and low thermal conductivity. Doping a typically nonconductive geopolymer matrix with electrically conductive admixtures (ECAs) positively influences electrical conductivity, which is an important presumption to gain energy harvesting function. The paper deals with the design and material characterization of geopolymer metashale mortar doped with 5 wt.% of carbon fiber dust (CFD), with special emphasis on the determination of thermoelectric properties. On the basis of the observed thermoelectric voltage, the Seebeck coefficient and the ZT were calculated and discussed.
Self-heating potential of metashale mortar doped with carbon fiber dust
Authors: Hotěk P , Fiala L 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Geopolymers are a very promising candidate to replace cementitious composites due to their significantly lower environmental impact and their potential for application in the field of multifunctional materials. New functional properties such as self-heating thus increase the possibility for geopolymers to be used in so-called smart structures. The ability to self-heat is directly affected by the electrical properties of the composite The key factor are the electrically conductive pathways within the material, which form an electrically conductive network through which electric current flows. Enhancement of the electrical properties can be achieved by applying electrically conductive additives such as carbon fibre dust (CFD). This paper is focused on the material characterization and verification of the self-heating ability of a multifunctional geopolymer mortar with CFD admixture. The sample was tested in AC mode to avoid polarization of the electrodes. With the AC power supply set at 30 V (RMS), the maximum temperature rise at the bottom of the sample from 23 to 32.1 °C was achieved in approximately 2 hours and the power meter recorded a power value of 2.6 W.
Mechanical and physical properties of traditional porcelain doped with waste glass
Authors: Ondruška J , Stančík M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The paper studies the effect of successive heating and the addition of waste glass on the properties of a traditional porcelain mixture. The porcelain consisted of 50 wt.% kaolinitic clay, 25 wt.% feldspar, and 25 wt.% quartz, with feldspar being gradually replaced by waste glass in amounts ranging from 5 to 25 wt.%. The thermal behavior of the samples was analyzed through successive heating up to 1100°C, focusing on the physical and structural changes in kaolinite, including water loss, dehydroxylation, and sintering effects.
The Effect of Biomass-based Fly Ash on Properties of Cement Pastes
Authors: Pokorný J 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Portland cement constitutes the traditional binding material which is beneficial due to its relatively high initial strength and good resistance against different surrounding conditions. Nevertheless, its production relates to negative aspects, such as habitat disruption, biodiversity loss and considerable carbon footprint. The inclusion of biomass-based fly ash (BA) serving like ordinary Portland cement (OPC) substitution on behaviour of cement pastes was examined in this paper. Physical and mechanical properties, and liquid water transport of cement pastes with 10 – 20 mass% of BA content and maintained w/c of 0.4 were evaluated and compared with reference plain paste. Obtained experiment results pointed out on the active pozzolanic character and partial filler effect of BA particles in the combination with OPC. However, the optimal substitution of OPC with BA up to 15 mass% helped to reduce liquid water transport and to improve mechanical resistance of produced pastes.
Diffusion coefficient measurement using Dynamic Vapour Sorption method
Authors: Slávik R 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Dynamic vapour sorption method (DVS) represents modern technique investigating interactions between the vapour and solid-state objects. This paper looks deeper into determination of the diffusion coefficient. The diffusion coefficient has significant importance in many technical fields and accurate data are often missing. Determination of diffusion coefficient is based on simplified theories, but real-world experiments expose their limits. Applications of dynamic vapour sorption method is demonstrated in the experiment with wooden material. It shows some pitfalls though. Further considerations for improving the accuracy and removal of errors are discussed further.
Development of a field experimental test house to study heat transfer in bio-based materials with microencapsulated PCM
Authors: Cieślikiewicz Ł , Dietrich F , Brzyski P , Łapka P 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the development of an experimental test house for real-world measurements of heat transfer in a building composite of hemp shive and magnesium binder with microencapsulated phase change material (PCM) to increase the thermal mass of the building material and improve internal thermal comfort. The test house was developed as a small building erected from prefabricated three-layer blocks with dimensions of 600×400×240 mm3 (length × width × height). The outer layers of the blocks had a density of approximately 400-450 kg/m3 and a thickness of 50 mm (without PCM) and 60 mm (with PCM), while the inner layer had a density of approximately 200-250 kg/m3 and a thickness of 290 mm. The building had dimensions of 2.60×3.10 m2 and a height of 3.36 m, with walls facing in the cardinal directions. A door was placed in the north wall. The east and south walls had a layer of PCM facing outwards, while the west wall faced inwards. The temperature inside the building was stabilized at 20°C using a specially designed heating/cooling system. Six temperature and relative humidity sensors (HDC 1080) were placed inside the two blocks in each wall, except the north wall. In addition, heat flux sensors were mounted under the internal plaster on the east and south walls. Indoor and outdoor air parameters, solar radiation, and wind speed were also monitored. In addition to the description of the test house, exemplary data for two measurements over a period of one week in two different months are discussed.
Possibilities of recycling of sideritic tailings in steel industry
Authors: Bobora A , Socalici A , Budiul Berghian A , Ardelean M , Birtok Baneasa C 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the context of the circular economy, the production of steel in electric arc furnaces is very well integrated. The promotion of recycling technologies that lead to improved product quality and the expansion of the raw and auxiliary material bay facilitates the closure of the recycling loop. The processing of powdered waste is the set of technological operations through which they are processed for their use under the conditions required by the beneficiaries. The paper presents a technological solution for valuing the sideritic tailings and the ferrous slats in the form of Carbofer by-product, usable in the steel industry when foaming slag in the electric arc furnace. Laboratory tests were carried out at the Faculty of Engineering Hunedoara using sterile sideritic recipes and iron steel sludge.
Microstructure analysis of non-metallic inclusions in continuous casted steels
Authors: Poenaru I O , Ardelean E 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
According to the current quality requirements in the steel production field, high purity of steel composition is required. For this reason, defect detection technology is developing significantly. The paper presents the analysis of 35 charges of continuous casted steel, highlighting the presence of defects by microstructure analyzing of non-metallic inclusions in the semi-finished steel composition. The purpose of using these products is the automotive industry, in the production of hydraulic cylinders. The quality of the steel is directly reflected in the quality of the final product, in the mechanical properties and the duration of the life cycle.
Understanding Flash Drought Dynamics: An Approach for Enhancing Sustainability in Resource Management
Authors: Lu Mengge , Sun Huaiwei , Qin Hui , Zhang Wenxin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Drought is a multifaceted phenomenon driven by both natural climate fluctuations and human activities. Unlike traditional, slow-developing droughts, flash droughts (FDs) emerge suddenly and intensify rapidly, posing significant challenges for natural resource management. The lack of effective tools to quantify FDs exacerbates stakeholders’ concerns, particularly due to the risks they pose to water management, food security, and environmental sustainability. Given their multifaceted nature, FDs evolve across both time and space, and traditional two-dimensional methods often fail to capture these dynamics. To address this issue, we developed a three-dimensional spatiotemporal framework for identifying flash droughts to analyse the spatial and temporal features and migration patterns of FDs. The results reveal that in China, flash droughts tend to migrate north and southeast, with this trend becoming increasingly pronounced as flash drought intensity increases. From 1982 to 2022, South China and Northwest China experienced significant increases in flash drought events. Flash droughts primarily occur during the growing season, with a rising proportion of events leading to heightened risks for crop yields and vegetation growth. Additionally, the percentage of flash droughts that begin within one pentad has significantly increased, indicating shorter onset times and an accelerated occurrence rate.
Determination of potential drought and frost resistance on the basis of studies with vegetative parts of plants of the genus Cercis L.
Authors: Babyn O , Pinchuk A , Derii A , Boyko O , Sovakov O 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The role of green spaces in the urban system is important for creating a comfortable environment for the urban population. Most native species in urban environments have low resistance to pathogens and pests, due to the constant exposure to stressful abiotic and anthropogenic factors. Therefore, the issue of expanding the range of ornamental plants resistant to high temperatures, low moisture levels and the ability to withstand low winter temperatures is becoming relevant. The aim of the study was to determine the relative drought and frost resistance of plants of the genus Cercis L. by laboratory methods. In particular, determining the potential for drought tolerance by determining the level of vegetation, water yield per unit time, the level of water deficit of leaf blades and heat resistance, as well as determining frost resistance by laboratory freezing of annual shoots of experimental plants. These studies show that frost resistance and drought tolerance are closely related. Plants that had less drought tolerance eventually had a higher score of frost damage to shoot tissue. In our opinion, this is due to the fact that these species are more moisture-loving and their tissues are saturated with more moisture. It was found that drought tolerance varies not only between species, but also between cultivars of Cercis L. Thus, C. canadensis ‘Vanilla Twist’ had a higher level of frost resistance than C. canadensis ‘Ruby Falls’, but lower than Cercis canadensis L.
Application of Digital Image Correlation in Analyzing Functionally Graded Cement-Based Concrete-Layered Materials for Structural Retrofitting
Authors: Azwal Jaya Mumtazul , Komara Indra , Taskin Kivanc , Putera Sukmajaya Pannadipa , Misilia Feriscilla Siti , Rismayanti Intan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the application of Digital Image Correlation (DIC) in analyzing crack patterns within Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) materials. The DIC method utilizes a digital camera for image and video capture, coupled with Ncorr software for advanced image processing. To demonstrate the efficiency of the DIC testing method, plate specimens with two distinct layered configurations were examined: Polypropylene (PP) to Hybrid and Polypropylene (PP) to Polypropylene (PP). The significance of using two different material configurations is investigated in terms of the similarity of the input parameter subsets radius (r), spacing (s), and strain radius. The DIC technique is employed to elucidate the failure mechanisms of these test plates and to assess the impact of specimen quality on crack pattern formation. To obtain the best definition of the crack pattern, two different images were computed with the input parameter subsets spacing, s = 10 pixel, subset radius, r = 1 pixel, and strain radius = 1. By analyzing the crack pattern data obtained through various input parameters, this research aims to provide insights into the behavior of layered ECC materials under stress. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of fracture mechanics in composite cementitious materials and offer potential applications in structural health monitoring and material design optimization.
Enhancing Sustainable Energy: Ocean Wave Energy Conversions via Magnetic Induction from Boat Vibrations
Authors: Baldres Carmela S. , Lat Kinsley Aaron D. , Umipig Leo Vincent G. , Jestoni Asi Engr. , Ornopia Engr. Jessa P. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Ocean wave energy is an emerging renewable energy source with the potential to significantly contribute to global energy needs. Hence, the primary purpose of this study is to address the imminent energy crisis by exploring novel avenues for energy generation, specifically focusing on the utilization of vibrations stemming from ocean waves. It introduces a pioneering device, termed the “Vibration Harnessing Device,” engineered to capture and convert these vibrations into usable electrical energy efficiently. Its design is based on the principle of Electromagnetic Induction where the researchers used various magnets and spring configurations. The device’s optimal configuration—comprising 1mm and five magnets—was identified through meticulous experimentation and optimization processes, exhibiting superior energy generation capabilities compared to alternative setups. Results revealed that this optimized configuration could yield 1278.44 milliwatt-hours of electrical energy within 5 minutes and 2063.92 milliwatt-hours within 15 minutes, boasting a commendable charge capacity of 55.3%. The data underscores its potential as a dependable renewable energy technology, as evidenced by its successful demonstration of powering an LED light. The device will create an alternative and less expensive method of generating energy that will be used as a light source. Consequently, the vibration-harnessing device emerges as a promising solution for mitigating energy shortages.
Preface
Authors: Erharter Georg H. , Jakobsen Pål D. 
Published: December 2024

The 1st International Rock Mass Classification Conference (RMCC) took place in Oslo, Norway, from 29th to 31st of October 2024. The conference was hosted and organized by the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute. This inaugural event marked a milestone in the ongoing discourse on rock mass classification, a topic that has been central to the field of rock mechanics since the 1950s. The RMCC 2024 was designed as an arena for the international rock mechanics community, providing a platform for the development, interaction, and exchange of knowledge on this discussed topic. The conference was supported by the International Association of Engineering Geology and the Environment (IAEG).
Our world today is undergoing profound changes. The demand for infrastructure that is not only connected but also resilient in the face of environmental shifts is more pressing than ever. This need collides with two significant and ongoing trends: the demographic change leading to a reduction in the number of available engineers, and the ongoing paradigm shift towards digitalization. These changes challenge the practicality of rock mass classification systems that still rely heavily on the subjective experience of engineers and practitioners. Moreover, many current classification systems were originally developed with a focus on economic optimization. This priority, while appropriate in earlier decades, stands in contrast to today’s urgent requirements for increased service life, lower down-time for maintenance and refurbishment, which is strongly linked to sustainability and the green transition, essential to combating climate change.
In light of these challenges, RMCC 2024 sought to reevaluate rock mass classification, asking critical questions about its future direction. Discussions revolved around how these traditional systems can adapt to the demands of the 2020s, including demographic change, sustainability, and the digital transformation that is reshaping our industry. The conference underscored the need for a reimagined approach—one that remains rooted in practical reality while embracing the innovations necessary to meet new societal and environmental imperatives.
The conference was organized to offer a unique dual publishing opportunity for participants. In recognition of the diverse backgrounds of the authors and the practical needs of the industry, contributors could choose between two paths: the classical conference proceedings, which you now hold in your hands, or a special issue in the esteemed journal Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering (RMRE). This dual approach was chosen to balance accessibility for practitioners while also offering an option for high-impact academic publication, reflecting the RMCC’s commitment to inclusivity and excellence.
List of Organizing Committee, Scientific Committee and Keynote lectures are available in this pdf.
Relationship between Geomechanical Classifications and Underground Modelling: A Case Study in Stratified Rock
Authors: Montiel Edgar , Hormazabal Esteban 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article explores how geomechanical classifications influence modelling outputs in underground excavation assessments. Through 3D modelling, this study examines stability variations during different design phases and their relationship to geological data. In the early stages, geomechanical classifications based on borehole data and continuous 3D models revealed unstable scenarios affecting costs and project efficiency. As geological studies progressed, models based in discontinuous approaches provided a more feasible scenario for tunnel and pillar behaviour. This paper presents the results and comparisons of these models, aiming to quantitatively determine the differences and the technical basis, that supports the discontinuous evaluation.
Rock mass characterization on Mars
Authors: Dammyr Øyvind , Paulsen Eivind Magnus 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose-built underground space in the form of tunnels and caverns on Mars can mitigate risks to humans and technical infrastructure/equipment posed by cosmic radiation, sandstorms, rapid temperature changes and meteor impacts. This paper explores how rock mass characterization for a tunnel on Mars can be performed using a 3D photogrammetry model built from photos from the Curiosity rover operating in Gale crater. Discontinuity (joint) structures at Chenapau mountain were measured with the open source 3D point cloud and mesh processing software CloudCompare and Q, RMR and GSI values where calculated. Analyses show that unstable wedges might form in the tunnel roof. Reduced stability compared to Earth conditions may result from lower gravity (reduced rock block interlocking) on Mars, and the Q and RMR rock support suggestions might need revising if used for Mars engineering applications.