bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived Discrimination, Social Environment, and Older Adults’ Psychological Well-Being
Authors: Park Min-Kyoung , Mair Christine 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Experiencing discrimination can have detrimental effects on psychological well-being. For older adults in the U.S., discrimination on the basis of country of origin may be a particularly alienating experience. A positive social environment, however, has been shown to buffer associations between discrimination and poorer psychological well-being. However, this hypothesis has not been tested in a sample of older Americans who perceive discrimination because of country of origin. As the United States continues to diversify and politically polarize, understanding older adults’ experiences with discrimination and identifying potential buffers to these negative effects is increasingly important. We analyze 942 older Americans (aged 50+) from the Psychosocial Module of the most recent wave of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS, 2020). Specifically, we analyze associations between perceived discrimination on the basis of country of origin and three psychological well-being outcomes: loneliness, anxiety, and life satisfaction. We further test if the social environment buffers negative effects by examining interactions between discrimination and social support as well as discrimination and neighborhood environment. Our results reveal clear and consistent associations between older adults’ perceived discrimination and increased loneliness and decreased life satisfaction. These negative associations, however, appear to be buffered by social support and positive neighborhood environment, respectively. The potential buffering effect of positive social environments on psychological well-being is particularly pronounced for older adults under the age of 65. We discuss these findings in light of the prevalence of discrimination in the U.S. and consider potential mechanisms for improving the social environment of older adults.
Characterizing Episodes of Lucidity in Dementia: Observational and Applied Computational Linguistics Approaches
Authors: Bykovskyi Andrea Gilmore , Mueller Kim , Werner Nicole , Smith Erica , Block Laura , Benson Clark 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Though episodes of lucidity (EL) in Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD), reportedly more common near end of life, have significant implications for care, they are poorly understood due to underdeveloped methodological approaches for capturing and measuring these events. This prospective observational study addresses these gaps through audiovisual observation among persons with ADRD surrounding end of life to inform data-driven definitions for EL and distinguish EL from routine fluctuations in ADRD. Audiovisual observation is well-suited to addressing gaps in operationalization of EL, providing an objective data source to assess verbal and nonverbal communication, the primary means through which EL are evidenced. Our study is designed to establish optimal procedures for capturing audiovisual data of targeted populations and timeframes to maximize opportunities for detecting EL. Operationalization of EL will be informed by computational linguistic and behavioral-event coding of linguistic and non-linguistic communication features of EL and associated temporal qualities.
Neighborhood Environment, Intrinsic Capacity and 4-Year Late-Life Functional Ability Trajectories
Authors: Lu Shiyu , Liu Yuqi , Guo Yingqi , Ho Hung Chak , Chui Hiu Kwan , Webster Chris , Chiu Lai Har , Lum Terry Y S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Knowledge on how intrinsic capacity (IC) and neighbourhood physical environment shape functional ability (FA) trajectories in later life remains understudied. We investigated the 4-year trajectories of IC and their impact on FA trajectories, and the associations between neighbourhood physical environments and FA trajectories over time among older adults. We conducted a four-wave longitudinal study from 2014-2017 in Hong Kong with 2,081 adults aged 65 and above. FA was assessed by The Chinese Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living. We used cognition, affect, locomotion, sensory capacity, and vitality to capture multi-domains of IC. Neighbourhood physical environment attributes included green space, land use diversity, and facilities availability, assessed within 200- and 500-meter buffers of respondents' homes. IC and FA each decreased significantly over time. Individuals with declines in IC experienced faster declines in FA over time. Green space, the number of leisure facilities and public transport slowed the decreasing FA rate.
Community Engagement and Human-Centered Design: Lessons From HEARS in Inclusive Recruitment of Older Adults
Authors: Nieman Carrie , Han Hae-Ra , Marrone Nicole , Suen Jonathan , Szanton Sarah , Trumbo Jami , Lin Frank 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Within hearing care, significant disparities persist despite the highly prevalent nature of age-related hearing loss and relatively few trials include representation of racial/ethnic minorities. HEARS is an affordable, accessible hearing care intervention delivered by older adult peer mentors. The HEARS randomized controlled trial (NCT03442296) is a community-engaged RCT with an embedded human-centered design practitioner. Recruitment efforts occurred over 18 months in partnership with 13 affordable housing and social centers. The cohort (n=151) includes 43% (n=65) who self-identify as African American and 63.6% (n=96) with &lt;$25,000 annual household income. The cohort represents the largest to-date of African American and low-income older adults with hearing loss. Recruitment efforts entailed 470.5 staff hours and $4,917.26 in supplies, equating to 1.4 hours and $14.13 per 1 individual screened and 3.1 hours and $32.56 for 1 participant randomized. Community-engaged research, partnered with human-centered design, may offer critical approaches to increasing representation within behavioral intervention trials.
Aging as Readiness and Wariness
Authors: Ekerdt David 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Gerontology concerns itself with events in time, either things that have happened or things that may happen. In the former, our work is to describe and explain. In the latter, the occurrence of events is unknowable, but we can nonetheless study people’s imagination of them (how it arises) and how that imagination shapes behavior and attitudes in the present (how it matters). The subjective experience of aging, thus, is one of looking ever forward—welcoming, waiting for, or hoping to avoid what the future may hold. This personal experience of aging toggles between readiness and wariness of the time ahead, one stance incurring or else eclipsing the other. Transitions are fruitful opportunities to study people’s readiness and wariness toward the time ahead, for example, widowhood, the prospect of retirement, and residential relocation. This is when people are more likely to conjure, in their minds, whom they may become. Arguably, the fundamental transition that looms and occupies aging minds (and the minds of loved ones) is not death but rather the potential passage into the “fourth age” of frailty and vulnerability. This prospect hovers above all else: its occurrence increasingly likely but its timing uncertain. About this prospect, gerontology has the capacity, nay the obligation, to promote narratives about later life that shape wariness and readiness for the practical future (e.g., financial matters, bodily care, living arrangements) as well as for the emotional reception of an old age coming ever closer.
Adaptive Care and Remote Training: Models of Resilience for GWEPs During a Pandemic
Authors: Zubatsky Max 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Service and training are interconnected for GWEP’s, whose dual missions are to advance training as well as service delivery to improve the care of older adults. The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated a pivoting from in-person to remote delivery of program content and services. As a result, older adults and their families require the continuity of services with their providers due to the barriers that the pandemic has created. Additionally, universities and organizations have adapted virtually to teach learners how to work with older adults around different health initiatives. The pandemic required these programs to develop immediate services that provided an alternative to remote delivery services. This collection of GWEP programs utilized students and trainees in their older adult services and initiatives. The goal of this symposium is to demonstrate new models of educational and program delivery to enhance and extend training and service to new audiences. The symposium centers on best practices including technological tools to promote GWEP aims and will allow a discussion of challenges and outcomes faced. The session will be comprised of presentations from five university-based, Geriatric Workforce Enhancement Programs (approximately 12 minutes each), a 20 minute discussion and sharing of best practices, and a 10 minute question/answer session. Individual presentations will address areas that include: 1.) group interventions for dementia and caregivers, 2.) teaching interdisciplinary interns in conducting telehealth visits, 3.) adapting geriatrics regional conferences to reach older adults virtually, and 4.) Developing new programs and services for underserved and underrepresented older adult populations.
Saint Louis University GWEP Pivots to Virtual Service Delivery: Lessons Learned
Authors: Berg-Weger Marla , Zubatsky Max , Morley John 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Saint Louis University GWEP quickly pivoted service initiatives to online formats. Despite challenges of technology literacy and access, GWEP faculty, staff, and students creatively adapted in-person programming to online delivery and developed new virtually-delivered services. These service delivery adaptations provided opportunities for educating students, residents, faculty, community partners, and older adults and their caregivers to gain new knowledge and skills while continuing to participate in programming. This presentation will highlight innovations in the area of services to persons with dementia through Cognitive Stimulation Therapy, caregivers through education and support programs, older adults experiencing loneliness and social isolation through Circle of Friends, and older adults and caregivers through a virtual geriatric assessment clinic. We share highlights here of our efforts to pivot programming, access new funding streams, and, in some cases, create online delivery, including valuable lessons learned.
Marital and Romantic Satisfaction Among Older African Americans
Authors: Skipper Antonius , Taylor Robert 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
There remains a lack of knowledge on marital satisfaction of African Americans generally, but particularly older African Americans. In addition, only a handful of studies investigate satisfaction among couples who are unmarried. With data from the National Survey of American Life, this study examined the correlates of romantic and marital satisfaction among older African Americans. Findings reveal that married older African Americans were slightly more satisfied with their relationship than individuals who were either remarried or unmarried but in a romantic relationship. Among older African American married adults, older age was associated with higher marital satisfaction, and men had higher levels of marital satisfaction than women. Also, married older African Americans with lower family incomes reported higher marital satisfaction. Given the limited research on older African Americans couples, either married or unmarried, this study offers valuable implications for individuals and professionals engaging these couples in practical settings.
Contextual Correlates of Cognitive Aging in Black Older Adults: Examining the Neighborhood
Authors: Sol Ketlyne , Hill-Jarrrett Tanisha 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Black older adults have a unique history that includes enslavement and legalized segregation. This history shapes the present-day experiences of older Blacks, in part, through the neighborhoods in which they live. The neighborhood is a reflection of both the physical and social contexts, and reflects the most natural and intimate context through which a person experiences life. Combined, the unique history and neighborhoods of Black older adults may contribute to their disproportionately experiencing impairments in cognitive function in older age. There is growing interest in how lived experiences across the life course affect cognitive trajectory and, ultimately, cognitive outcomes of older Black adults. In this presentation, we will review recent literature on psychosocial and physical contextual factors and their influence on cognitive aging in older blacks through the lens of the neighborhood.
Cultural Adaptations to Recruitment Strategies and Community-Based Interventions for Dementia Caregivers
Authors: Parker Lauren , Marx Katherine , Aranda Maria 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Nearly 30 years after the 1993 National Institute of Health Revitalization Act, minority groups’ low participation in research remains (which required the inclusion of women and racial/ethnic minority groups into government-funded clinical trials). This is particularly the case for participation in research on Alzheimer’s Disease and related dementias (ADRD). Deeply rooted historical race-based mistreatment in research and in the health care system at large persist as barriers to low-participation of minorities (i.e. Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino) and immigrants in research studies, who remain at disparate risk for adverse ADRD health outcomes and expedited mortality. The use of culturally adapted approaches in recruitment strategies and community-based interventions might be helpful to encourage the participation of underrepresented groups into research. As such, this presentation highlights three studies that seek to use cultural adaptation to inform recruitment strategies and community-based interventions. First, Dr. Parker will present how tenets from Critical Race Theory can be used to inform culturally-adapted recruitment strategies of Black/African American caregivers into community-based research by drawing upon two ongoing studies: a randomized trial providing caregiver support through Adult Day Services (ADS) and the evaluation of impact of ADS on stress levels of Black/African American using biomarker measures. Next, Ms. Johnson will present results on cultural adaptions to the ADS-Plus Program for Spanish-speaking populations. Finally, Dr. Nkimbeng will present on the process of culturally-tailoring dementia education for African immigrants in Minnesota. Findings from this presentation identify opportunities for researchers to use cultural adaptations to encourage participation of underrepresented populations into ADRD research.
The Use of Critical Race Theory to Inform Culturally Adapted Recruitment Strategies for Community-Based Research
Authors: Parker Lauren , Gaugler Joseph , Gitlin Laura 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Black/African American participation in non-pharmacological randomized trials and community-based research on Alzheimer’s Disease and related dementias (ADRD) remains low. This presentation introduces Critical Race Theory (CRT), its tenets and how it can be used in tandem with national strategies to encourage participation of Black/African Americans in ADRD research. CRT is a transdisciplinary methodology that draws on anti-racist tenets to study and transform the relationships among race, racism, and power. We describe how CRT constructs (e.g., race consciousness, counter-storytelling) can be used to inform recruitment strategies to enroll Black/African American ADRD caregivers into community-based research by drawing upon two ongoing studies: a randomized trial providing caregiver support through Adult Day Services (ADS) and the evaluation of impact of ADS on stress levels of Black/African American using biomarker measures. In the spirit of CRT this presentation is a call for action and transformation of dementia care research to actively include Black/African Americans.
Effects of Simulation-Based Learning on Nursing Students’ Learning Outcomes of a Gerontology Course
Authors: Kao Hsueh-Fen , Ye Minzhi , Chen Lin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Simulation-Based Learning (SBL) is beneficial to nursing education. Nevertheless, recent studies have shown a side effect of being overwhelmed by repeated exposures to simulation. Thus, how many times simulation scenarios should be provided to students remains a question. The objectives of this study were to (1) explore the changes in nursing students’ perceived competence, self-efficacy, and learning satisfaction after repeated exposures to simulations, and (2) determine the acceptable frequency of SBL in the ‘Care of Older Adults’ course. A one-group repeated measurement experimental design with self-administered questionnaires in a convenient sample of 84 senior nursing undergraduate students was used at a university in southern Taiwan, and 79 students completed all measurements. After taking the baseline measurements (T0), students were exposed to 75-mininute simulation scenarios from Time 1 (T1) to Time 3 (T3) three weeks apart throughout the semester. Students’ perceived nursing competence, self-efficacy, and learning satisfaction were measured immediately after each exposure. There were statistically significant improvements from T0 to T3 (p &lt; .001) in all three areas; however, no significant difference when comparing scores from T1 to T2 and from T2 to T3. To conclude, SBL is effective in improving nursing students’ perceived competence, self-efficacy, and learning satisfaction. While the primary changes occur at the first simulation effort, it is the accumulated multiple exposures collectively improve students’ learning outcomes. Multiple instructional strategies are recommended to maintain students’ learning interests to achieve optimal learning outcomes of the course across a semester.
Enhancing Behavioral Health Competencies: Interprofessional Collaboration Between Social Work and Medicine
Authors: Keefe Bronwyn 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This presentation will describe the creation and findings from an interprofessional curriculum in behavioral health developed by social work faculty for medical students. Training in behavioral health is needed more than ever during a time of increased isolation and fear during the COVID pandemic. Older adults with untreated behavioral health concerns are a vulnerable population, which can result in negative effects, including emotional distress, reduced physical health, increased mortality, and suicide (IOM, 2012). Healthcare is increasingly complex with a need to focus on the physical, social, and behavioral aspects of daily living, and providers are realizing the importance of interprofessional collaboration. Towards that aim, I created a module for 4th year medical students in mental health and older adults, which is now part of their medical education curriculum. I will present outcomes in: (1) satisfaction; (2) acquired knowledge and skills (post-test); (3) application of knowledge and skills (pre-post competency assessment and comfort around asking about depression); and (4) patient outcomes (frequency of depression screening and number of referrals to social worker). Feedback from the 143 medical students is positive with 95% strongly agreeing or agreeing that this expanded their knowledge and understanding in mental health issues among older adults. At baseline, 17% of medical students were moderately to very comfortable in asking questions on the GDS compared to 42% at post-assessment. After completing the course, almost 25% of medical students made a referral to social work during their rotation. This collaboration resulted in curriculum that is both rigorous and impactful.
Geriatric Workforce Enhancement Programs' Participation in the Nursing Home COVID Action Network
Authors: Waters Leland , Tumosa Nina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In late September, 2020, the Geriatric Workforce Enhancement Program’s (GWEP) Program Officer, at the Health Resources Services Administration (HRSA), alerted the 48 GWEPs about a nationwide initiative focusing specifically on the pandemic’s effect in nursing facilities. The ECHO Institute at the University of New Mexico negotiated a national contract with the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) to provide a nationwide educational intervention via the CARES Act Provider Relief Fund. The ECHO Institute recruited over 100 Training Centers as educational coordinators for the Project ECHO Nursing Home National COVID Action Network. Our Project Officer suggested that individual GWEPs participate in this effort and take the lead or provide geriatric educators for these Training Centers. Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) is an innovative telementoring program that creates virtual learning communities, bringing together healthcare providers and subject matter experts using videoconference technology for brief presentations, and case-based learning, fostering an “all learn, all teach” approach. This symposium will describe the journeys that five GWEPs experienced becoming Training Centers, rapidly deploying a nursing home ECHO project, to support nursing home staff on best practices for protecting patients, staff, and visitors from coronavirus infection and spread. GWEPs from The University of Louisville, the University of North Carolina, the University of North Texas, the University of Rochester and The Virginia Geriatric Education Center’s two ECHO Hubs, joined the National COVID Action Network. This presentation will provide an overview of why GWEPs are well positioned to address emergent needs with short notice.
The Association Between the Use of Digital Health Management Tools and Subjective Well-Being Among Older Adults
Authors: Wang Haowei , Yang Mai See , Choi Yong Kyung 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study aims to examine the association between the use of digital health management tools and subjective well-being in later life. Research is limited about technology use (e.g., participation in online wellness program, finding medical information, using devices to monitor health) among community dwelling older adults. This study used data from the Health and Retirement study 2012 Module “Technology Use: Barriers and Benefits” (N = 1,416). We used multiple regression methods to test the association between technology use and subjective well-being (i.e., self-rated health, life satisfaction, and depressive symptoms). Over half of the participants reported using technology (58%). The mean age for this group was 68.7 (SD 9.6). Majority of the respondents were female (55%). About 18% were non-Hispanic Blacks, 2% were non-Hispanic other, 11% were Hispanic, and 68% were non-Hispanic Whites. For this sample of technology users, the usage of digital health management included online exercise programs (16%), online wellness programs or health monitoring programs (7%), searching for medical and health information online (43%), digital devices to monitor health (31%), and physical activity-based video game such as Wii Fit (7%). Over 88% of the sample have used at least one of these formats to monitor their health. Results from regression models suggested that the use of any digital health management tools was related to fewer depressive symptoms and better self-reported health. Findings from this study provide insight into how digital health management can protect older adults from poor subjective well-being in later life.