bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation a Nomogram Incorporating CT Radiomics Signatures and Radiological Features for Differentiating Invasive Adenocarcinoma From Adenocarcinoma In Situ and Minimally Invasive Adenocarcinoma Presenting as Ground-Glass Nodules Measuring 5-10mm in Diameter
Authors: Shi Lili , Shi Weiya , Peng Xueqing , Zhan Yi , Zhou Linxiao , Wang Yunpeng , Feng Mingxiang , Zhao Jinli , Shan Fei , Liu Lei 
Published: April 2021

PurposeTo develop and validate a nomogram for differentiating invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) from adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) presenting as ground-glass nodules (GGNs) measuring 5-10mm in diameter.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study included 446 patients with 478 GGNs histopathologically confirmed AIS, MIA or IAC. These patients were assigned to a primary cohort, an internal validation cohort and an external validation cohort. The segmentation of these GGNs on thin-slice computed tomography (CT) were performed semi-automatically with in-house software. Radiomics features were then extracted from unenhanced CT images with PyRadiomics. Radiological features of these GGNs were also collected. Radiomics features were investigated for usefulness in building radiomics signatures by spearman correlation analysis, minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR) feature ranking method and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) classifier. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to develop a nomogram incorporating the radiomics signature and radiological features. The performance of the nomogram was assessed with discrimination, calibration, clinical usefulness and evaluated on the validation cohorts.ResultsFive radiomics features remained after features selection. The model incorporating radiomics signatures and four radiological features (bubble-like appearance, tumor-lung interface, mean CT value, average diameter) showed good calibration and good discrimination with AUC of 0.831(95%CI, 0.772~0.890). Application of the nomogram in the internal validation cohort with AUC of 0.792 (95%CI, 0.712~0.871) and in the external validation cohort with AUC of 0.833 (95%CI, 0.729-0.938) also indicated good calibration and good discrimination. The decision curve analysis demonstrated that the nomogram was clinically useful.ConclusionThis study presents a nomogram incorporating the radiomics signatures and radiological features, which can be used to predict the risk of IAC in patients with GGNs measuring 5-10mm in diameter individually.
Characterization of Frequently Mutated Cancer Genes and Tumor Mutation Burden in Chinese Breast Cancer
Authors: Xiao Weikai , Zhang Guochun , Chen Bo , Chen Xiaoqing , Wen Lingzhu , Lai Jianguo , Li Xuerui , Li Min , Liu Hao , Liu Jing , Han-Zhang Han , Lizaso Analyn , Liao Ning 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesVarious genomic alterations and genomic signatures, including ERBB2 amplification, mutations in PIK3CA, AKT1, and ESR1, and tumor mutational burden (TMB), have become important biomarkers for treatment selection in breast cancer (BC). This study aimed to investigate the mutational features of Chinese early-stage BC patients.MethodsTumors and matched blood samples collected from 589 Chinese patients with early-stage BC were sequenced using a commercial gene panel consisting of 520 cancer-related genes to analyze all types of genomic alterations and estimate the TMB status.ResultsA total of 18 genes were found to be more frequently mutated (P&lt;0.05) or amplified (P&lt;0.05) in stage T3–4 tumors as compared with T1–2 tumors. A total of 18 genes were found to be differentially mutated (P&lt;0.05) or amplified (P&lt;0.05) in patients with lymph node metastasis than those without lymph node metastasis. Younger patients (≤35 years) were more frequently identified with mutations or gene amplifications in eleven genes (P&lt;0.05). TMB &gt;10mutations/Mb were found in 5.7% of our cohort. Although the TMB was similar for various molecular subtypes between our cohort and the BC cohort of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) study, the TMB were statistically different for HR+/HER-, HR+/HER2+, and triple-negative subtypes between our cohort and African Americans in the TCGA study. As compared to the TCGA BC cohort, our cohort had a much earlier median age of diagnosis (48 vs. 58 years, P&lt;0.001), and had significantly lower frequency of triple-negative subtype (11.5% vs. 18.4%, P&lt;0.001) and invasive lobular BC (2.4% vs. 19.0%, P&lt;0.001). Further subgroup analyses revealed that mutation rates in various genes including TP53, ERBB2, and PIK3CA were distinct for patients who were younger (≤35 years), had triple-negative or invasive lobular BC in our cohort than in the TCGA cohort.ConclusionsThis study revealed distinct mutational features of various molecular subtypes of early-stage BC among Chinese patients. Moreover, we provide new insights into the differences in early-stage BC between the East and West.
Control Analysis of Protein-Protein Interaction Network Reveals Potential Regulatory Targets for MYCN
Authors: Pan Chunyu , Zhu Yuyan , Yu Meng , Zhao Yongkang , Zhang Changsheng , Zhang Xizhe , Yao Yang 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundMYCN is an oncogenic transcription factor of the MYC family and plays an important role in the formation of tissues and organs during development before birth. Due to the difficulty in drugging MYCN directly, revealing the molecules in MYCN regulatory networks will help to identify effective therapeutic targets.MethodsWe utilized network controllability theory, a recent developed powerful tool, to identify the potential drug target around MYCN based on Protein-Protein interaction network of MYCN. First, we constructed a Protein-Protein interaction network of MYCN based on public databases. Second, network control analysis was applied on network to identify driver genes and indispensable genes of the MYCN regulatory network. Finally, we developed a novel integrated approach to identify potential drug targets for regulating the function of the MYCN regulatory network.ResultsWe constructed an MYCN regulatory network that has 79 genes and 129 interactions. Based on network controllability theory, we analyzed driver genes which capable to fully control the network. We found 10 indispensable genes whose alternation will significantly change the regulatory pathways of the MYCN network. We evaluated the stability and correlation analysis of these genes and found EGFR may be the potential drug target which closely associated with MYCN.ConclusionTogether, our findings indicate that EGFR plays an important role in the regulatory network and pathways of MYCN and therefore may represent an attractive therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
A Pancancer Analysis of the Expression Landscape and Clinical Relevance of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 in Human Cancers
Authors: Li Juanni , Hu Kuan , Huang Jinzhou , Zhou Lei , Yan Yuanliang , Xu Zhijie 
Published: April 2021

Background: Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) is frequently altered in tumors and one of the top therapeutic targets in cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL) with FGFR2 fusions. Although there have been several studies on individual tumors, a comprehensive analysis of FGFR2 genetic aberrations and their simultaneous clinical implications across different tumors have not been reported.Methods: In this study, we used the large comprehensive datasets available, covering over 10,000 tumor samples across more than 30 cancer types, to analyze FGFR2 abnormal expression, methylation, alteration (mutations/fusions and amplification/deletion), and their clinical associations.Results: Alteration frequency, mutation location distribution, oncogenic effects, and therapeutic implications varied among different cancers. The overall mutation rate of FGFR2 is low in pancancer. CHOL had the highest mutation frequency, and fusion accounted for the major proportion. All these fusion aberrations in CHOL were targetable, and an FDA-approved drug was approved recently. Uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) had the highest number of FGFR2 mutations, and the most frequently mutated positions were S252W and N549K, where the functional impact was oncogenic, but targeted therapy was less effective. Additionally, DNA methylation was associated with FGFR2 expression in several cancers. Moreover, FGFG2 expression and genetic aberrations showed clinical associations with patient survival in several cancers, indicating their potential for application as new tumor markers and therapeutic targets.Conclusions: This study showed the full FGFR2 alteration spectrum and provided a broad molecular perspective of FGFR2 in a comprehensive manner, suggesting some new directions for clinical targeted therapy of cancers.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Associated Hepatotoxicity in Primary Liver Cancer Versus Other Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Fu Jianyang , Li Wang-Zhong , McGrath Nicole A. , Lai Chunwei Walter , Brar Gagandeep , Xiang Yan-Qun , Xie Changqing 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundOverall risks of hepatotoxicity with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have yet to be compared in primary liver cancers to other solid tumors.MethodsWe reviewed data from the PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases, and assessed the risk of hepatotoxicity associated with ICIs.ResultsA total of 117 trials were eligible for the meta‐analysis, including 7 trials with primary liver cancers. The most common hepatotoxicity was ALT elevation (incidence of all grade 5.29%, 95% CI 4.52-6.20) and AST elevation (incidence of all grade 5.88%, 95% CI 4.96-6.97). The incidence of all grade ALT and AST elevation was 6.01% and 6.84% for anti-PD‐1 (95% CI 5.04-7.18/5.69-8.25) and 3.60% and 3.72% for anti-PD-L1 (95% CI 2.72-4.76/2.82-4.94; p&lt; 0.001/p&lt;0.001). The incidence of ≥ grade 3 ALT and AST elevation was 1.54% and 1.48% for anti-PD‐1 (95% CI 1.19-1.58/1.07-2.04) and 1.03% and 1.08% for anti-PD-L1 (95% CI 0.71-1.51/0.80-1.45; p= 0.002/p&lt;0.001). The incidence of all grade ALT and AST elevation was 13.3% and 14.2% in primary liver cancers (95% CI 11.1-16.0 and 9.93-20.36) vs. 4.92% and 5.38% in other solid tumors (95% CI 4.21-5.76 and 4.52-5.76 in other solid tumors; p &lt;0.001/p&lt;0.001).ConclusionOur study indicates that anti-PD-1 is associated with a higher risk of all‐ and high‐grade hepatotoxicity compared to anti-PD-L1, and primary liver cancers are associated with a higher risk of all‐ and high‐grade hepatotoxicity compared to other solid tumors.
The Impact of Universal Mask Use on SARS-COV-2 in Victoria, Australia on the Epidemic Trajectory of COVID-19
Authors: Costantino Valentina , Raina MacIntyre Chandini 
Published: April 2021

Objective(s): To estimate the impact of universal community face mask use in Victoria, Australia along with other routine disease control measures in place.Methods: A mathematical modeling study using an age structured deterministic model for Victoria, was simulated for 123 days between 1 June 2020 and 1 October 2020, incorporating lockdown, contact tracing, and case findings with and without mask use in varied scenarios. The model tested the impact of differing scenarios of the universal use of face masks in Victoria, by timing, varying mask effectiveness, and uptake.Results: A six-week lockdown with standard control measures, but no masks, would have resulted in a large resurgence by September, following the lifting of restrictions. Mask use can substantially reduce the epidemic size, with a greater impact if at least 50% of people wear a mask which has an effectiveness of at least 40%. Early mask use averts more cases than mask usage that is only implemented closer to the peak. No mask use, with a 6-week lockdown, results in 67,636 cases and 120 deaths by 1 October 2020 if no further lockdowns are used. If mask use at 70% uptake commences on 23 July 2020, this is reduced to 7,961 cases and 42 deaths. We estimated community mask effectiveness to be 11%.Conclusion(s): Lockdown and standard control measures may not have controlled the epidemic in Victoria. Mask use can substantially improve epidemic control if its uptake is higher than 50% and if moderately effective masks are used. Early mask use should be considered in other states if community transmission is present, as this has a greater effect than later mask wearing mandates.
A Combined Lidar-Polarimeter Inversion Approach for Aerosol Remote Sensing Over Ocean
Authors: Xu Feng , Gao Lan , Redemann Jens , Flynn Connor J. , Espinosa W. Reed , da Silva Arlindo M. , Stamnes Snorre , Burton Sharon P. , Liu Xu , Ferrare Richard , Cairns Brian , Dubovik Oleg 
Published: April 2021

An optimization algorithm is developed to retrieve the vertical profiles of aerosol concentration, refractive index and size distribution, spherical particle fraction, as well as a set of ocean surface reflection properties. The retrieval uses a combined set of lidar and polarimeter measurements. Our inversion includes using 1) a hybrid radiative transfer (RT) model that combines the computational strengths of the Markov-chain and adding-doubling approaches in modeling polarized RT in vertically inhomogeneous and homogeneous media, respectively; 2) a bio-optical model that represents the water-leaving radiance as a function of chlorophyll-a concentration for open ocean; 3) the constraints regarding the smooth variations of several aerosol properties along altitude; and 4) an optimization scheme. We tested the retrieval using 50 sets of coincident lidar and polarimetric data acquired by NASA Langley airborne HSRL-2 and GISS RSP respectively during the ORACLES field campaign. The retrieved vertical profiles of aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA) and size distribution are compared to the reference data measured by University of Hawaii’s HiGEAR instrumentation suite. At the vertical resolution of 315 m, the mean absolute difference (MAD) between retrieved and HiGEAR derived aerosol SSA is 0.028. And the MADs between retrieved and HiGEAR effective radius of aerosol size distribution are 0.012 and 0.377 micron for fine and coarse aerosols, respectively. The retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD) above aircraft are compared to NASA Ames 4-STAR measurement. The MADs are found to be 0.010, 0.006, and 0.004 for AOD at 355, 532 and 1,064 nm, respectively.
Prevalence and Correlates of Mental Health Outcomes During the SARS-Cov-2 Epidemic in Mexico City and Their Association With Non-adherence to Stay-At-Home Directives, June 2020
Authors: Flores-Torres Mario H. , Murchland Audrey R. , Espinosa-Tamez Priscilla , Jaen Jocelyn , Brochier Marion , Bautista-Arredondo Sergio , Lamadrid-Figueroa Héctor , Lajous Martin , Koenen Karestan 
Published: April 2021

Objectives:To describe the prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and perceived negative mental health impact during the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic in Mexico City and evaluate their association with adherence to stay-at-home directives.Methods:Baseline data from a cohort study of 2,016 Mexico City government employees were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression models.Results:Among participants, 17.2% had clinically significant depressive symptoms, 21.6% had probable GAD, and 15.2% reported that the pandemic has had a major impact on their mental health. Factors including the presence of COVID-19 symptoms, self-isolation, and economic difficulties were associated with poor mental health. The presence of depressive symptoms and general anxiety were associated with non-adherence to public health directives, particularly among those who might have experienced these symptoms for the first time during the pandemic.Conclusion:Our study is one of the first to document the population mental health burden during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Mexico and to provide evidence of the potential role of mental health in the adherence to public health measures.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection Risk Factors among Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients and Health Care Personnel In Outpatient Hemodialysis Centers
Authors: Gandra Sumanth , Li Tingting , Reske Kimberly A. , Dang Na Le , Farnsworth Christopher W. , Hock Karl G. , Miller Candace , Olsen Margaret A. , Kwon Jennie H. , Warren David K. , Fraser Victoria J. 
Published: April 2021

Key Points

Increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with community prevalence.Increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with exposure to infected family members and personal infection prevention measures
L’enjeu de la rencontre entre les francophones « venus d’ailleurs » et les francophonies canadiennes : le cas de l’immigration francophone en Acadie de l’Atlantique
Authors: Deschênes-Thériault Guillaume , Traisnel Christophe 
Published: April 2021

Les communautés acadiennes de la région Atlantique au Canada, tout comme les autres communautés francophones en situation minoritaire dans ce pays, s’investissent depuis le début des années 2000 dans l’accueil d’immigrants francophones. Cet intérêt pour l’immigration s’inscrit dans un contexte d’une immigration qui ne reflète pas le paysage linguistique canadien d’un point de vue démographique et une décroissance démographique des francophones dans l’ensemble des provinces canadiennes. L’immigration francophone en Acadie est un enjeu à la convergence d’expériences individuelles, de volontés politiques et d’espoirs communautaires autour d’une cause commune : réussir la rencontre entre les nouveaux arrivants et les sociétés d’accueil. L’objectif de cet article est de mieux comprendre les conditions dans lesquelles s’opère cette rencontre entre l’immigrant et sa communauté d’accueil dans le contexte particulier de l’Acadie. Le nouvel arrivant fait face à des défis d’intégration sociale et économique rencontrés par un grand nombre d’immigrants, sans différenciation linguistique prononcée. Il rencontre aussi des problématiques liées au fait d’immigrer dans une communauté francophone en situation minoritaire. Nous cherchons à cerner les facteurs qui influencent l’expérience migratoire des francophones nés à l’étranger qui décident de s’installer dans l’une des quatre provinces de l’Atlantique, avec un accent particulier sur les facteurs linguistiques associés à cette insertion. Pour ce faire, nous avons effectué une dizaine d’entretiens informatifs avec des intervenants communautaires engagés dans l’accueil d’immigrants francophones. Nous avons aussi mené une cinquantaine d’entretiens auprès de francophones nés à l’étranger et installés au Canada Atlantique. Lors de ce terrain d’enquête, réalisé de juillet à novembre 2018, nous avons rencontré des immigrants dans l’ensemble des quatre provinces atlantiques. Cette démarche qualitative vise à enrichir notre compréhension du processus migratoire, en particulier des moments clés de la rencontre entre un individu et sa communauté d’accueil, à partir des expériences personnelles ou familiales des nouveaux arrivants. Nous cherchons à sortir d’une vision linéaire des parcours migratoires au profit d’un récit des expériences telles que racontées par les immigrants eux-mêmes.
L’affirmation identitaire du Canada français au moyen de la radio-télévision : un phénomène enraciné
Authors: Filion Michel 
Published: April 2021

En notre époque de mondialisation triomphante, la question des spécificités nationales est-elle encore d’actualité ? Dans une perspective véritablement sociale, l’étonnant phénomène identitaire de la francophonie canadienne rappelle la nécessité de considérer le milieu culturel original tout autant, sinon davantage, que la stricte économie politique. Ce patrimoine résulte d’une succession de contextes historiques et ne saurait être compris qu’en reconnaissant le rôle des usagers : au Canada, ces derniers se divisent depuis longtemps en deux principales communautés linguistiques, pour ne pas dire deux entités nationales distinctes, qui arrivent à des niveaux forts différents quant à la constitution de l’identité collective au moyen des médias de masse.
Du bon usage des « pères fondateurs » : Jacques Chirac, un « père fondateur » oublié de la francophonie politique ?
Authors: Turpin Frédéric 
Published: April 2021

Depuis la fin des années 1990, la francophonie institutionnelle a connu un tournant majeur. Elle a élargi ses missions au champ politique et est devenue une grande organisation multilatérale. Ce tournant doit beaucoup à la volonté d’un homme qui a œuvré et parfois bousculé ses pairs francophones pour bâtir l’OIF : Jacques Chirac. Si Léopold Sédar Senghor ou encore Hamani Diori sont présentés comme les « pères fondateurs » de la Francophonie (ACCT), l’action fondatrice de Jacques Chirac est peu ou pas reconnue. Pourquoi un tel paradoxe ? Qu’est-ce que cela révèle sur la place et les représentations de la France au sein de la Francophonie ?
Penser les réseaux en f/francophonie : lieux et non-lieux de la policy network analysis
Authors: Machikou Nadine 
Published: April 2021

La présente contribution entend mettre à l’épreuve la dynamique réticulaire francophone à l’aune de la policy network dans l’analyse des politiques publiques. Elle interroge le potentiel heuristique de cet outil théorique en prenant en compte les expressions sociétales et institutionnelles de la cristallisation des réseaux en F/francophonie. Il apparaît que la portée taxinomique en est avérée avec l’existence d’un réseau mondial de la Francophonie décliné en une multitude de réseaux constitués en instruments de gouvernance « par le bas » de l’espace francophone. Cependant, la policy network présente des limites quant à sa capacité à penser le contenu des interactions au cœur des réseaux francophones et le poids des intérêts dans la formation et l’institutionnalisation desdits réseaux.
EFEKTIVITAS PROGRAM TAMAN BUAH DAN SAYUR (TABUSUR) TERHADAP PENINGKATAN SIKAP DAN MOTIVASI MASYARAKAT DALAM MENGONSUMSI BUAH DAN SAYUR
Authors: N Suwandi 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRAK
Sayur dan buah merupakan bahan makanan yang banyak mengandung nutrisi, tetapi jarang dikonsumsi oleh mayoritas penduduk Indonesia khususnya remaja dan dewasa. Perilaku konsumsi buah dan sayur penduduk di indonesia masih sangat rendah. Di indonesia sendiri masih terdapat banyak provinsi yang masuk kategori kurang dalam konsumsi buah dan sayur. Kategori kurang konsumsi buah dan sayur jika konsumsi buah dan sayur kurang dari 5 porsi/hari, sehingga masalah konsumsi buah dan sayur masih menjadi perhatian serius dari pemerintah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai efektifitas program TABUSUR terhadap konsumsi buah dan sayur masyarakat yang nantinya dapat menjadi program yang dapat diterapkan secara berkesinambungan di kelurahan Luminda pada khususnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain pre eksperimen dengan rancangan One group pre test post test design. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan nilai p value = 0.000 < 0,005 yang artinya perbedaan atau peningkatan sikap sebelum (pretest) dan sesudah (posttest) diberikan intervensi program TABUSUR di masyarakat dalam upaya meningkatkan sikap masyarakat dalam mengonsumsi buah dan sayur di Kelurahan Luminda, dan variabel motivasi menunjukkan bahwa diperoleh nilai p-value = 0,000 < 0,05, yang artinya ada perbedaan atau peningkatan motivasi sebelum (pretest) dan sesudah (posttest) diberikan intervensi program TABUSUR dikelurahan Luminda.

Kata Kunci, Efektivitas, Tabusur, Sikap dan Motivasi, Buah dan Sayur