bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Surgical Approach for Rhinophyma: Experience From a Cohort of Thirty Patients
Authors: Li Wen , He Xufeng , Chen Wenjun , Ding Peijun , He Xiang , Zhang Huimin 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Rhinophyma is the severe rosacea whit hypertrophy of sebaceous glands in nasal tissue, which severely influences the patient's appearance. Surgical therapy is the best method for treating moderate-to-severe rhinophyma. In this study, we used a new ameliorated scarification for 30 patients with moderate-to-severe rhinophyma.

Objective:
To observe the effect of five-blades scratcher surgery on moderate-to severe rhinophyma between 2016 and 2019 in our center.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 30 patients were treated with five-blades scratcher under tumescent anesthesia. Outcomes were determined by a patient questionnaire.

Results:
Of 30 patients, all of them answered the questionnaire and were included in this study with a follow-up time of 12 months. Cosmetic results were evaluated as very good or good in 90% of patients. The majority of patients (87%) were very satisfied or satisfied with the postoperative result. Surgical treatment of rhinophyma improved patients’ quality of life in 67% of patients. Recurrence of rhinophyma was detected in 7% of patients. In all, 100% of the patients stated that they would recommend this treatment to others.

Conclusions:
Five-blades scratcher is an effective therapy for rhinophyma with excellent outcome.
The Risk of Osseointegration in the Coronavirus Disease 19 Pandemic
Authors: Mulinari-Santos Gabriel , Paino-Sant’Ana Amanda , Okamoto Roberta , Coléte Juliana Zorzi , Neto João Lopes Toledo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is associated with respiratory complications but also with alterations on bone metabolism. Coronavirus disease 19, therefore, might be a risk factor for osseointegration. Recent studies suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is related with bone abnormalities mainly for act via renin-angiotensin system. This report aims to list the bone alterations caused by coronavirus disease 19 and the possible consequences on the peri-implant bone healing. The current data add to the accumulating knowledge that coronavirus disease 19 may negatively impact the osseointegration and it requires further research.
Kidney Transplants in Controlled Donation Following Circulatory Death, or Maastricht Type III Donors, With Abdominal Normothermic Regional Perfusion, Optimizing Functional Outcomes
Authors: Ramirez Patricia , Vázquez David , Rodríguez Gabriel , Rubio Juan José , Pérez Marina , Portolés Jose Maria , Carballido Joaquín 
Published: July 2021

Background.
Warm ischemia time and ischemia-reperfusion damage result in higher rates of delayed graft function and primary nonfunction in kidney transplants (KTs) from controlled donation after circulatory death (cDCD). This study aimed to assess early and late kidney function and patient and graft survival of KT from cDCD preserved with normothermic regional perfusion (NRP) and to compare with KT from brain death donors (DBDs) and cDCD preserved with rapid recovery (RR).

Methods.
Patients who received a KT at our institution from 2012 to 2018 were included, with a minimum follow-up period of 1 y. They were categorized by donor type and conditioning methods: DBD, cDCD with NRP, and cDCD with RR. Early and late graft function, along with patient and graft survival were analyzed in all groups.

Results.
A total of 182 KT recipients were included in the study (98 DBD and 84 cDCD). Out of the cDCDs, 24 kidneys were recovered with the use of NRP and 62 with RR; 22 of the 24 kidneys were ultimately transplanted. The cDCD using NRP group showed lower rates of delayed graft function compared with the cDCD with RR group (36.3% versus 46.7%, P = 0.01). Also, primary nonfunction rates were lower in the cDCD using NRP group (4.5% versus 6.4% cDCD-RR and 10.2% DBD). Patient survival rates were >90% in all groups. No differences were found in graft survival rates at 1 y.

Conclusions.
The use of abdominal NRP improves early function recovery of KT from cDCD, making their outcomes comparable with those of DBD.
Early Allograft Dysfunction After Liver Transplantation With Donation After Circulatory Death and Brain Death Grafts: Does the Donor Type Matter?
Authors: Mazilescu Laura Ioana , Kotha Sreelakshmi , Ghanekar Anand , Lilly Leslie , Reichman Trevor W. , Galvin Zita , Cattral Mark S. , Bhat Mamatha , McGilvray Ian D. , Sapisochin Gonzalo , Sayed Blayne , Selzner Markus , Selzner Nazia 
Published: July 2021

Background.
Early allograft dysfunction (EAD) after liver transplantation has been associated with long-term reduced graft and patient survival.

Methods.
In this single-center cohort study, we aimed to compare incidence, risk factors, and outcomes in liver transplant recipients who developed EAD. Patients who received donation after circulatory death (DCD) or donation after brain death (DBD) grafts between January 2007 and December 2017 were included. EAD was defined as bilirubin of ≥10 mg/dL (171 μmol/L) or an international normalized ratio of ≥1.6 on postoperative day 7 or transaminases >2000 U\L in the first-week posttransplantation as previously described.

Results.
In our cohort of 1068 patients, incidence of EAD was 44%. EAD occurred more frequently in the DCD versus DBD group (71% versus 41%, P < 0.01). Overall, recipients who developed EAD showed a significantly lower graft and patient survival at 1, 3, and 5 y after transplantation (all P < 0.05). This was also the case for recipients of DBD grafts. However, for recipients of DCD grafts, patient and graft survival were not affected by the presence of EAD. For recipients of DBD grafts, donor age, body mass index (BMI) and gender, recipient BMI and model for end-stage liver disease score and warm and cold ischemia time were associated with EAD. For DCD recipients, donor BMI and cold ischemia time were associated with EAD.

Conclusions.
In our cohort study, EAD resulted in reduced long-term patient and graft survival only for DBD recipients but not for DCD recipients. Predictive markers for EAD were dependent on the donor type.
Impact of the Mayo Adhesive Probability Score on Donor and Recipient Outcomes After Living-donor Kidney Transplantation: A Retrospective, Single-center Study of 782 Transplants
Authors: Sato Yu , Noguchi Hiroshi , Mei Takanori , Kaku Keizo , Okabe Yasuhiro , Nakamura Masafumi 
Published: July 2021

Background.
This study was performed to assess the impact of the Mayo Adhesive Probability (MAP) score on donor and recipient outcomes after living-donor kidney transplantation (LDKT).

Methods.
We retrospectively analyzed 782 transplants involving LDKT between February 2008 and October 2019 to assess the correlation between the MAP score and outcome after LDKT. We divided the transplants into 2 groups according to the donor MAP score: 0 (MAP0) and 1–5 (MAP1–5).

Results.
Compared with the MAP0 group, donors in the MAP1–5 group were significantly older, had higher body mass index, and were more likely to be men. The prevalences of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes were also higher among donors in the MAP1–5 group than among donors in the MAP0 group. Operative time, estimated blood loss during donor nephrectomy, and percentage of glomerular sclerosis were significantly greater in the MAP1–5 group than in the MAP0 group. Donor and recipient perioperative complications were comparable between the 2 groups; death-censored graft survival rates also did not significantly differ between groups. Although the recipient mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from postoperative d 1 to 7 was significantly higher in the MAP0 group than in the MAP1–5 group (P = 0.007), eGFR reductions within 5 y after transplantation were similar between groups. There were no significant differences between groups in recipient mortality and biopsy-proven acute rejection episodes within 1 y after transplantation. Additionally, multivariate analysis showed that the only factors affecting recipient eGFR at postoperative d 7 were donor age, recipient age, and female sex (P < 0.001, <0.001, and =0.004, respectively).

Conclusions.
The MAP score did not influence surgical complications or graft survival; therefore, it should not affect donor selection.
Salipiger mangrovisoli sp. nov., isolated from mangrove soil and the proposal for the reclassification of Paraphaeobacter pallidus as Salipiger pallidus comb. nov.
Authors: Du Juan , Liu Yang , Pei Tao , Deng Ming-Rong , Zhu Honghui 
Published: July 2021

A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterial strain designated as 6D45AT was isolated from mangrove soil and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain 6D45AT was found to grow at 10–37 °C (optimum, 28 °C), at pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum, 7.0) and in 0–5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2%). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 6D45AT fell into the genus

Salipiger

and shared 99.1 % identity with the closest type strain

Salipiger pacificus

CGMCC 1.3455T and less than 97.2 % identity with other type strains of this genus. The 34.8 % digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) and 88.3 % average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between strain 6D45AT and the closest relative above were well below recognized thresholds of 70 % DDH and 95–96 % ANI for species definition, implying that strain 6D45AT should represent a novel genospecies. The phylogenomic analysis indicated that strain 6D45AT formed an independent branch distinct from reference strains. The predominant cellular fatty acid of strain 6D45AT was summed feature 8 (C18 : 1
ω6c and/or C18 : 1
ω7c, 66.9 %); the polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified aminolipids, two unidentified glycolipids and an unknown lipid; the respiratory quinone was Q-10. The genomic DNA G+C content was 66.5 mol %. Based on the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, strain 6D45AT is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus

Salipiger

, for which the name Salipiger mangrovisoli sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain of the species is 6D45AT (=GDMCC 1.1960T=KCTC 82334T). We also propose the reclassification of

Paraphaeobacter pallidus

as Salipiger pallidus comb. nov. and ‘

Pelagibaca abyssi

’ as a species of the genus

Salipiger

.
CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF STIGMA LEADING TO MENTAL DISORDERS AMONG LEPROSY AFFECTED: KEY ELEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF COUNSELLING TO IMPROVE MENTAL HEALTH CARE
Authors: Raju Moturu S. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTDespite counselling has been in practice for quite a long time not yet an essential ingredient in leprosy control programmes especially in India nor a standardised system is available for prevention of mental disorders. With the broad objective to fulfil this need an action research was carried out to explore the unfulfilled needs of leprosy affected that are creating crisis situations lead to mental health issues while experimenting a practicably affective process of counselling system and document the essential stages to be involved in carrying out inter-personal counselling on each one’s unique problems. The study was conducted by the Psych-social counselling and Guidance Centre of Gandhi Memorial Leprosy Foundation on 146 leprosy affected. Counselling provided by trained counsellors in every monthly visit for MDT till declared RFT or afterwards.ResultsSystematic process of counselling needs to be caried out in the following five essential stages viz Rapport Establishment, Identification of Crisis Situation, Psycho-Social Diagnosis, Prescription of Counselling Elements and Fulfilment of counselling elementsMajority or psychological problems initially develop due to cognitive issues of affected individuals, their family members, society members, work place, institutions and treatment centres etc. If not attended at initial stage result to treatment compliance issues leading to deformity which accelerates adjustment problems in the family, society, workplace, educational and other institutions thus in turn lead in to unemployment, stigmatization of the patient from family and all sorts of mental disorders.. prior to reaching the stage of needing treatment.The study concludes that a systematic counselling addressing the issues at the cognitive level also including decision makers in the family, along with leprosy treatment can be a successful method to prevent the mental health problems and throw light towards zero stigma
Intravenous Iron Decreases Rehospitalizations but Doesn’t Change mortality in Patients Admitted with Acute Heart Failure and Iron Deficiency: A Systematic review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Baral Nischit , Karki Nabin R. , Akram Imran , Khan Ashiya , Adhikari Govinda , Rauniyar Rohit , Abdelazeem Basel , Dhungana Santosh K. , Ranabhat Bandana , Kunadi Arvind 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe role of intravenous (IV) iron in chronic heart failure has been well studied, however, its role in acute heart failure (AHF) is less well-known. Including the recent AFFIRM-HF trial, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to highlight the role of IV iron in AHF with iron deficiency.HypothesisWe hypothesized that IV iron doesn’t change mortality or heart failure re-hospitalization rates in patients with AHF with iron deficiency.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies published from inception till June 30, 2021. We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE (embase.com), and Cochrane database including only RCTs and Cohort studies. We also included one prospective and one retrospective Cohort studies and two RCTs in our meta-analysis. Eligible studies included adults with AHF, left ventricular ejection fraction less than 40%-50%, and able to receive IV iron therapy. Outcomes included re-hospitalization rates and overall mortality from 30 days to 52 weeks post randomization (in one RCT). We used random-effects model calculating Risk Ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) using Review Manger 5.4 software. I2statistics was used to assess heterogeneity.ResultsThere were total 1561 participants in both groups (IV iron and placebo/control) of four studies. The controls were comparable in both cohort studies and both the RCTs were well matched. Our results showed re-hospitalization in 278 of 833 (33.37%) patients in the IV iron/exposure group and 337 of 728 (0.46%) patients in the placebo/control group. The pooled result showed that the risk of rehospitalization was comparable across both groups (RR 0.85, 95%CI 0.62-1.17; I2=45%, P=0.14). However, subgroup analysis, including RCTs only showed that IV iron decreases re-hospitalization rate by 28% compared to placebo (RR 0.72, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.82, I2=0%, P<0.00001) but didn’t improve mortality when compared to placebo (RR 0.97, 95% CI: 0.73, 1.30, I2 =0%).ConclusionsIV iron showed significant improvement in re-hospitalization rate for AHF hospitalizations in iron deficient patients but didn’t improve overall mortality. We need larger RCTs to further validate its effect on mortality.
SARS-CoV-2 antigen exposure history shapes phenotypes and specificity of memory CD8 T cells
Authors: Minervina Anastasia A. , Pogorelyy Mikhail V. , Kirk Allison M. , Crawford Jeremy Chase , Allen E. Kaitlynn , Chou Ching-Heng , Mettelman Robert C. , Allison Kim J. , Lin Chun-Yang , Brice David C. , Zhu Xun , Vegesana Kasi , Wu Gang , Trivedi Sanchit , Kottapalli Pratibha , Darnell Daniel , McNeely Suzanne , Olsen Scott R. , Schultz-Cherry Stacey , Estepp Jeremie H. ,   the SJTRC Study Team, McGargill Maureen A. , Wolf Joshua , Thomas Paul G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlthough mRNA vaccine efficacy against severe COVID-19 remains high, variant emergence and breakthrough infections have changed vaccine policy to include booster immunizations. However, the effect of diverse and repeated antigen exposures on SARS-CoV-2 memory T cells is poorly understood. Here, we utilize DNA-barcoded MHC-multimers combined with scRNAseq and scTCRseq to capture the ex vivo profile of SARS-CoV-2-responsive T cells within a cohort of individuals with one, two, or three antigen exposures, including vaccination, primary infection, and breakthrough infection. We found that the order of exposure determined the relative distribution between spike- and non-spike-specific responses, with vaccination after infection leading to further expansion of spike-specific T cells and differentiation to a CCR7-CD45RA+ effector phenotype. In contrast, individuals experiencing a breakthrough infection mount vigorous non-spike-specific responses. In-depth analysis of over 4,000 epitope-specific T cell receptor sequences demonstrates that all types of exposures elicit diverse repertoires characterized by shared, dominant TCR motifs, with no evidence for repertoire narrowing from repeated exposure. Our findings suggest that breakthrough infections diversify the T cell memory repertoire and that current vaccination protocols continue to expand and differentiate spike-specific memory responses.
Significant Structural Breaks in the International Incidence of Hepatitis Delta Virus
Authors: Fallon Braden S. , Cooke Elaine M. , Hesterman Matthew C. , Norseth Jared S. , Akhundjanov Sherzod B. , Weller Melodie L. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTBackground & AimsThe international incidence of Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) is challenging to accurately estimate due to limited testing and lack of active surveillance for this rare infectious disease. These limitations prevent the detection of low-level and/or geographically dispersed changes in the incidence of HDV diagnoses. A study was designed to enable international active tracking and analyses of HDV epidemiology by aggregating international HDV and Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) diagnoses datasets.MethodsPublicly accessible datasets containing yearly incidence for HDV and HBV diagnoses were mined from government publications for Argentina, Australia, Austria, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Finland, Germany, Macao, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Taiwan, Thailand, United Kingdom, and United States. The Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) was used to determine the best-fitting breakpoint model for the number of breakpoints and the break dates identified using the determined model.ResultsAggregated analysis of these HDV and HBV datasets spanning 1999-2020 identified structural breaks in the timeline of HDV incidence in 2002, 2012, and 2017. A significant increase in the international HDV incidence, relative to reported HBV diagnoses, occurred in 2013-2017. Secondary analysis identified four distinct temporal clusters of HDV incidence, including Cluster I (Macao, Taiwan), Cluster II (Argentina, Brazil, Germany, Thailand), Cluster III (Bulgaria, Netherlands, New Zealand, United Kingdom, United States), and Cluster IV (Australia, Austria, Canada, Finland, Norway, Sweden).ConclusionRe-evaluation of the testing paradigm for HDV in HBV-positive patients and an active surveillance status of HDV are warranted to define the etiology of the structural breaks in HDV incidence timelines.
The cost of building an environmental surveillance system for typhoid
Authors: Hagedorn Brittany L. , Zhou Nicolette A. , Fagnant-Sperati Christine S. , Shirai Jeffry H. , Gauld Jillian , Wang Yuke , Boyle David S. , Meschke John Scott 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe typhoid conjugate vaccine is a safe and effective method for preventing Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (typhoid) and the WHO’s guidance supports its use in locations with ongoing transmission. However, many countries lack a robust clinical surveillance system, making it challenging to determine where to use the vaccine. Environmental surveillance is an alternative approach to identify ongoing transmission, but the cost to implement such a strategy is previously unknown.MethodsWe estimated the cost of an environmental surveillance program for thirteen potential protocols. Unit costs were obtained from research labs involved in protocol development and equipment information was obtained from manufacturers and expert opinion. The cost model includes thirteen components and twenty-seven pieces of equipment. We used Monte Carlo simulations to project total costs.ResultsTotal costs per sample including setup, overhead, and operational costs, range from $357–794 at a scale of 25 sites to $116–532 at 125 sites. Operational costs (ongoing expenditures) range from $218–584 per sample (25 sites) to $74–421 (125 sites). Eleven of the thirteen protocols have operational costs below $200 at this higher scale. Protocols with high up-front equipment costs benefit more from scale efficiencies. Sensitivity analyses show that laboratory labor, process efficiency, and the cost of consumables are the primary drivers of cost.ConclusionAt scale, environmental surveillance may be affordable, depending on the protocol chosen and the geographic context. Costs will need to be considered along with protocol sensitivity. Opportunities to leverage existing infrastructure and multi-disease platforms may be necessary to further reduce costs.Summary BoxWhat is already known?Environmental surveillance has been used for polio transmission surveillance to target vaccination campaigns to prevent outbreaks. Similarly, methods for typhoid environmental surveillance are being developed, and could be used to support vaccine introduction decisions, if they are accurate and affordable.What are the new findings?Across the scenarios examined, operational costs are between $74–584 per sample depending on the scale and protocol selected. Operational costs are 67–79% of total annualized costs across the same permutations.What do the new findings imply?Policymakers can use these estimates and understanding of the efficiency of scale benefits in order to design a surveillance system that balances total cost with surveillance sensitivity and geographic coverage.
Understanding genetic risk factors for common side effects of antidepressant medications
Authors: Campos Adrian I. , Mulcahy Aoibhe , Thorp Jackson G. , Wray Naomi R. , Byrne Enda M. , Lind Penelope A. , Medland Sarah E. , Martin Nicholas G. , Hickie Ian B. , Rentería Miguel E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMajor depression is one of the most disabling health conditions internationally. In recent years, new generation antidepressant medicines have become very widely prescribed. While these medicines are efficacious, side effects are common and frequently result in discontinuation of treatment. Compared with specific pharmacological properties of the different medications, the relevance of individual vulnerability is understudied. We used data from the Australian Genetics of Depression Study to gain insights into the aetiology and genetic risk factors to antidepressant side effects. As expected, the most commonly reported longer-term side effects were reduced sexual function and weight gain. Importantly, participants reporting a specific side effect for one antidepressant were more likely to report the same side effect for other antidepressants, suggesting the presence of shared individual or pharmacological factors. Depression Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS) were associated with side effects that overlapped with depressive symptoms, including suicidality and anxiety. Body Mass Index PRS were strongly associated with weight gain from all medications. PRS for headaches were associated with headaches from sertraline. Insomnia PRS showed some evidence of predicting insomnia from amitriptyline and escitalopram. Our results suggest a set of common factors underlying the risk for antidepressant side effects. These factors seem to be, at least in part, explained by genetic liability related to depression severity and the nature of the side effect. Future studies on the genetic aetiology of side effects will enable insights into their underlying mechanisms and the possibility of risk stratification and prophylaxis strategies.