bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternaria panax
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , David J. C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Alternaria panax
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Araliaceae: Aralia, Brassaia, Dizygotheca, Fatsia, Mertya, Nothopanax, Polyscias, Pseudopanax, Schefflera
,
Tupidanthus
. DISEASE: Occurs on leaves, petioles and stems, causing necrosis and abscission of leaflets and leaves. In severe epidemics it causes defoliation of the plants. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: Korea, Japan, People's Republic of China (Guang-xi, Yunnan), USSR. Australasia & Oceania: Australia (Queensland), New Zealand, USA (Hawaii). Europe: Spain, U.K. North America: USA (Florida, Ohio, Indiana, Wisconsin). South America: Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: The fungus overwinters as mycelium in moribund vegetation, or as conidia in the soil. In favourable conditions the following year, sporulation will occur, the spores being dispersed to fresh vegetation by wind or other means.
Alternaria panax
thrives in warm, moist conditions, with an optimum temperature of 24-27°C.
Cladosporium colocasiae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , David J. C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Cladosporium colocasiae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Colocasia esculenta
. DISEASE: Ghost or False spot: occurring mainly on old leaves, eventually causing severe disfiguration and necrosis of the infected leaf as the fungus spreads over the entire surface. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Mauritius, Nigeria. Asia: Brunei, People's Republic of China (Sichuan), Hong Kong, India, Japan, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Sabah, Sarawak, South Korea, Taiwan. Australasia & Oceania: Fiji, New Caledonia, Solomon Islands, Tahiti, USA (Hawaii), Vanuatu. Europe: Portugal (Azores). North America: Barbados, Puerto Rico. TRANSMISSION: Airborne, wind dispersed; the disease is especially troublesome during damp, humid conditions.
Cladosporium musae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , David J. C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Cladosporium musae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Musa
×
paradisiaca, Musa
×
paradisiaca
var.
sapientum, Ensete gillesii
(=
M
.
schweinfurthii
). Presumably other
Musa
spp. and cvs are potential hosts. DISEASE: Leaf speckle of banana. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Egypt, Ghana, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Togo, Uganda, Zimbabwe. Asia: Bangladesh, Hong Kong, Indonesia (Borneo, Sumatra), Sabah. Australasia & Oceania: Solomon Islands, Western Samoa. North America: Cuba, Honduras, Jamaica. TRANSMISSION: By airborne dispersal of conidia.
Entyloma serotinum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Mordue J. E. M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Entyloma serotinum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Symphytum
spp., including
S. asperrimum, S. bulbosum, S. cordatum, S. officinale, S. ottomanum
and
S
.
tuberosum; Borago officinalis
; also recorded on
Amsinckia, Lappula
and
Mertensia
spp. (in USA) and
Pulmonaria
(in Europe, but see 64, 4163). DISEASE: Leaf spot of
Symphylum
, less frequently (though with similar symptoms) of other members of the
Boraginaceae
.GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Algeria. Asia: Israel, USSR (Republic of Georgia). Australasia: New Zealand. Europe: widespread, including Austria, British Isles, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France (including Corsica), Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, USSR (Latvia), Yugoslavia. North America: USA. TRANSMISSION: Ustilospores survive on infected plant remains and in soil, and germinate to infect seedlings and the new seasons's leaves. In Europe conidia may also over-winter and initiate new infections in spring (Kaiser, 1936). During the growing season, conidia are disseminated by air currents and water-splash.
Ustilago heufleri
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Mordue J. E. M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Ustilago heufleri
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Erythronium oregonum, E. americanum, Tulipa sylvestris, T. edulis, T. eichleri, T. saxatilis
and other species or hybrids of
Tulipa
and
Erythronium
.DISEASE: Leaf smut of
Erythronium
and
Tulipa
spp. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: China, Turkey, USSR (Republic of Georgia). Europe: including Austria, British Isles, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Greece, Romania, Yugoslavia. North America: Canada, USA. TRANSMISSION: No recent detailed studies have been reported. Ustilospores survive on infected plant remains and in the soil and germinate to infect the new season's leaves, usually at the time of their emergence from the soil. The sporadic nature of disease outbreaks suggests that bulbs can carry infection which may remain latent for a period of several years.
Aphanomyces cladogamus
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Hall G. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Aphanomyces cladogamus
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Capsicum
sp.,
Lactuca saliva, Linum
sp.,
Lycopersicon esculenteum, Raphanus sativus, Solanum melongena, Spinacea oleracea, Viola tricolor
. DISEASE: Root rot of pepper, spinach, pansy, tomato and several other crop and garden plants. The fungus, a facultatively necrotrophic plant pathogen, attacks seeds (pre-emergence disease) and/or seedlings (post-emergence damping off). Affected plants develop a generalized wilt which becomes progressively more severe. In pepper, seeds are attacked and black lesions develop on hypocotyls of the surviving seedlings, often extending to the bases of the cotyledons (32, 360). In spinach, roots become covered in yellow to orange spots their tissues becoming soft and water-soaked. In pansies, the vascular cylinder develops a deep orange-reddish discoloration in which, in the early stages of infection, numerous oospores can be seen. Stem bases become extensively rotted and eventually the aerial organs collapse and shrivel (13, 379; 34, 370). In tomato plants, rootlet tips become discoloured and die back (6, 517). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe: Sweden. North America: Canada (Ontario), USA (MD, NC, NJ, VA, WA, WI). See CMI Distribution Maps of Plants Diseases 601. TRANSMISSION: Not reported. Presumably by zoospores and oogonia remaining in infected tissues. As the fungus appears to infect a wide range of plants, it may persist in the roots of weeds.
Mycosphaerella cruenta
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Sivanesan A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Mycosphaerella cruenta
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Phaseolus, Vigna
; also
Calopogonium, Lablab niger, Mucuna
and
Stizolobium deeringianum
[Mucuna pruriens]
. DISEASE: Leaf spot of cowpeas. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Egypt, Ghana, Liberia, Malawi, Niger, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Rwanda, Togo, Uganda, Zambia. Asia: Bangladesh, Brunei, Burma, China, Hong Kong, India Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan. Australasia & Oceania: Fiji, Papua New Guinea. Central America & West Indies: Barbados, Cuba, Grenada, Guatemala, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, St Lucia, St Vincent, Trinidad. North America: Canada, USA. South America: Bolivia, Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: Presumably by windborne ascospores and conidia, and by mycelium in soil on infected plant debris.
Mycosphaerella graminicola
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Sivanesan A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Mycosphaerella graminicola
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Loliumperenne, Secale vulgare, Triticale, Triticum
spp. DISEASE: Leaf spot or speckled leaf blotch of wheat. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Algeria, Angola, Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania. Asia: Afghanistan, China, Cyprus, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Korea, Lebanon, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia,? Syria (66, 2306), Tunisia, Turkey, USSR. Australasia & Oceania: Australia, New Zealand. Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Rumania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, USSR, Yugoslavia. North America: Canada, Mexico, USA. Central America: El Salvador, Guatemala. South America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Uruguay (
CMI Distribution Map
397, ed. 3, 1986). TRANSMISSION: By windborne ascospores and conidia, by infected plant debris and seeds (38, 687; 42, 11; 55, 3524; 57, 2486).
Aspergillus versicolor
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kozakiewicz Z. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Aspergillus versicolor
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASES:
On Insects
. Found to parasitize the caterpillars of
Lymantria monacha
(Janisch, 1938). It has also been isolated from the integuments of
Dendrolinus sibiricus
(Kal'vish 1972).
On Man & Animals
. Although pathogenicity has not clearly been established (Raper & Fennell, 1965),
A. versicolor
has frequently been isolated from mycoses in domesticated animals (Ainsworth & Austwick, 1955). Mycelial extracts have proven toxic to chicken embryos (Diener
et al.
, 1976). It has also caused hepatoma in man (Onions, 1982), and been isolated from a lesion of the human spleen (Pinoy, 1963). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide. One of the most ubiquitous of aspergilli.
Drechslera biseptata
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Sivanesan A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Drechslera biseptata
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Agropyron, Aira, Avena, Dactylis, Hordeum, Microlaena, Sorghum, Tetrarrhena, Triticum, Vulpia
and
Zea
; also isolated from
Carica papaya
(67, 5097). DISEASE: Seed-borne, fruit rot of papaya. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Europe, India, New Zealand, North America. TRANSMISSION: Wind-borne conidia, seed-borne (59, 2159).
Dactuliochaeta glycines
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Punithalingam E. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Dactuliochaeta glycines
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Glycine max
(soyabean),
G. javanica
(=
Neonotonia wightii
). DISEASE: Red leaf blotch or
Pyrenochaeta
leaf blotch of soyabean. Symptoms which appear on leaves, pods and stems are small dark brown circular to elliptical or occasionally irregular lesions, 1-2 mm wide with dark margins. With the advancement of infection lesions enlarge up to 2-3 cm wide but often coalesce to form large blotches covering > 50% of the leaf surface. Older lesions become necrotic, grey to dark brown in the centre with a dark brown or nearly black margin. Some lesions are surrounded by a chlorotic halo. Affected leaves become chlorotic and fall. In Ethiopia up to 75% defoliation has been reported in some varieties of soyabean. Initially it was reported that soyabean varieties with pale leaves were more susceptible than those with dark ones (Stewart, 1957) but recently it has been reported that soyabean with dark or light green foliage are equally susceptible (Hartman
et al.
, 1987). Lesions on
Neonotonia wightii
are generally circular and larger (< 4 cm diam.) than those on
G. max
. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Cameroon, Ethiopia, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Tanzania Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe); Asia (India); South America (Bolivia). TRANSMISSION: By soil-borne sclerotia and pycnidia dispersed by rain-splash. Heavily infected leaves with sclerotia and pycnidia left on the ground may serve as inoculum for the next growing season (Hartman
et al.
, 1987). Primary inoculum is presumed to come from infected
Neonotonia wightii
which is widely distributed or from alternate hosts but the full host range has not been investigated. Longevity of sclerotia, pycnidia and conidia left in the soil has not been quantitatively assessed.
Mycosphaerella convallariae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Punithalingam E. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Mycosphaerella convallariae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST:
Convallaria majalis
(lily of the valley). DISEASE: Leaf spot or blotch or blight of lily of the valley. The first disease symptoms appear a few days after rain or a wet period (McKeen & Zimmer, 1964). At first the visible symptoms are minute necrotic spots with halos which later enlarge rapidly to form oblong to circular spots or blotches with concentric layers of light and dark zones. When the infection is severe secondary lesions develop, coalesce and kill the leaf. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe (Austria, Hungary, Italy, Romania, U.S.S.R.); Eastern North America (Canada, Ontario; U.S.A., Pennsylvania). TRANSMISSION: Conidia are dispersed by water splash. In Ontario, Canada, the fungus is reported to overwinter in the ascomatal state and ascospores are released following a wet period in May or June (McKeen & Zimmer, 1964). It has also been suggested that two to four cycles of the
Ascochyta
stage are completed in the summer.
Mycosphaerella zeae-maydis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Punithalingam E. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Mycosphaerella zeae-maydis
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Zea mays
(main host),
Sorghum vulgare
[Sorghum bicolor]
var.
sudanensis
(=
Sorghum bicolor
) and
Setaria
. DISEASE: Yellow leaf blight of maize. Leaves at all stages of maturity are susceptible to infection. Heavy infection of seedlings causes stunting whilst severe infection of leaves causes death of entire leaves. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North America (Canada, Ontario; U.S.A., New York, Wisconsin) South America (Bolivia, Equator). TRANSMISSION: Presumably by seed which may be contaminated by infected plant debris in the soil. So far the actual mode of infection in the field has not been investigated. Since the fungus overwinters as immature pseudothecia on leaves it has been suggested that ascospores may be responsible for early infection in the spring whilst conidia are responsible for secondary infection in the growing season (Mukunya & Boothroyd, 1973).
Phyllachora amphibola
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Cannon P. F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Phyllachora amphibola
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Inga? edulis, I. eriocarpa, I. insignia, I. vera
. DISEASE: Tar spot of leaves. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Mexico, Puerto Rico. TRANSMISSION: No research is available, but almost certainly by air-borne dispersal of ascospores.
Phyllachora ateleiae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Cannon P. F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Phyllachora ateleiae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Ateleia gummifera
(syn.
A. cubensis
). DISEASE: Tar spot of leaves. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas, Cuba, Turks & Caicos Islands. TRANSMISSION: No research is available, but almost certainly by air-borne dispersal of ascospores.
Ustilago shiraiana
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Mordue J. E. M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Ustilago shiraiana
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Species of
Phyllostachys
and other bamboos, including
Phyllostachys bambusoides
(
P. reticulata
),
P. puberula
(
P. nigra
var.
henonis
),
P. edulis
var.
heterocycla, P. henonis, P. makinoi, P. quilioi, Sasa albomarginata, S. nana, S. senanensis, S. veitchii, Sasaella ramosa, Arundinaria chino, A. debilis, A. simoni
. DISEASE: Stem smut of bamboo. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: China (widespread, 33: 450), India, Japan, Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, USSR; North America: USA (CMI Distr. Map. 603, 1989). TRANSMISSION: No detailed studies have been reported but field observations suggest dissemination of ustilospores (and basidiospores) by wind (Hori, 1905). The smut was certainly disseminated in the USA on diseased planting material (Patterson & Charles, 1916).
Peronospora sordida
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Hall G. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Peronospora sordida
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Scrophularia altaica, S. aquatica, S. auriculata, S. bosniaca, S. californica, S. heterophylla, S. lanceolata, S. marylandica, S. nodosa, S. scopolii, S. umbrosa
(=
S. alata
),
Verbascum banaticum, V. blattaria, V. densiflorum
(=
V. thapsiforme
),
V. glabratum
subsp.
glabratum, V. lychnitis, V. nigrum, V. phlomoides, V. phoenicum, V. speciosum, V. thapsus, V. thapsus
subsp.
crassifolium
(=
V. montanum
),
V. virgatum
. DISEASE: Downy mildew of
Scrophularia
and
Verbascum
, some species of which may be cultivated commercially for their medicinal or ornamental value; an obligately necrotrophic plant pathogen. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia; USSR (Kirghizia, Turkmenia, Uzbekistan). Europe; Austria, Belgium, France, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Eire, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Rumania, USSR (Byelorussia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, RSFSR, Ukraine), Sweden, Switzerland, UK (England, Channel Islands, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales), Yugoslavia. North America; USA (California, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, Ohio, Wisconsin, Virginia). TRANSMISSION: By spores ('conidia') dispersed by wind or rain-splash. The role of oospores (if they are usually formed) in disease transmission is unknown.
Pseudoperonospora cannabina
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Hall G. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Pseudoperonospora cannabina
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Cannabis ruderalis, C. saliva
. DISEASE: Downy mildew of hemp; an obligately biotrophic plant parasite. Brown to black spots appear on lower leaf surfaces, and become covered with a light violet to grey felt, with corresponding yellow necrotic patches on upper surfaces. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia; China (Beijing, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Menggu, Shanxi, Yunnan), India, Japan, Pakistan, USSR (Azerbaijan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan). Europe; France, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Rumania, Switzerland, USSR (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, RSFSR, Ukraine). See IMI Distribution Map No. 478. TRANSMISSION: Presumably by sporangia dispersed in air, which germinate in water films on leaf surfaces, and by mycelium in infected seeds and planting stocks (42, 387).
Pythium erinaceum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Hall G. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Pythium erinaceum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Lupinus
sp.,
Triticum aestivum
. DISEASE: Possibly associated with a root rot complex of wheat; a facultatively necrotrophic plant pathogen. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australasia & Oceania; Australia (NSW), New Zealand. TRANSMISSION: Presumably by zoospores in moist soil. Oospores may act as perennating structures.
Alternaria dianthicola
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , David J. C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Alternaria dianthicola
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Dianthus barbatus, D. caesius, D. caryophyllus
. Plantain (
Musa puradisiaca
) has also been recorded as a host. Plants of
Gypsophila
have been infected successfully after being inoculated with this fungus. DISEASE: Carnation bud-rot. Affected flower buds can turn brown and shrivel without opening or when open develop olive-brown patches where the conidia are produced. Stems and leaves may also be attacked, developing pale yellow-brown dark bordered spots. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Malawi (43, 877), South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Asia: Bhutan, Malaysia, Thailand. Australasia & Oceania: New Zealand. Europe: Austria, Cyprus, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Romania, The Netherlands. Central & South America: Brazil (43, 688), Chile, Jamaica. North America: USA. TRANSMISSION: By wind dispersal of airborne conidia.
Alternaria linicola
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , David J. C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Alternaria linicola
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Linum usitatissimum, L. grandiflorum
. DISEASE: Damping off of flax seedlings. Seedlings develop a moist rot as a result of infection from the seed coat. The fungus starts by infecting the sepals and petals and is transferred to seed from the moribund flower parts. It may inhibit germination or retard debilitated seedlings. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Kenya, Tanzania. Europe: Denmark, France. UK. North America: Canada. TRANSMISSION: It is essentially a seedborne disease, but infection of the flowers must be due to airborne conidia.