bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Humans tend to share food more generously than money and other objects: Preliminary evidence
Authors: Sorokowska Agnieszka , Marczak Michalina , Misiak Michał , Oleszkiewicz Anna , Niemczyk Agnieszka , Wróbel Monika , Sorokowski Piotr 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFood‐sharing is an especially important component of human cooperation, trust and altruism, and certain characteristics of food as compared to other objects may increase the likelihood of food transfers to other individuals. Consequently, people should exhibit higher generosity when sharing food than when sharing other goods (like money or inedible items). We tested this prediction in a series of natural experiments. In Study 1, we found that people (N = 114) were more likely to buy a bread roll for a confederate dressed up as a poor‐looking person than to give money for a bread roll or money to this person. In Study 2, 239 participants were more likely to donate food than non‐food items such as hygienic products or school accessories to a social welfare center. Finally, in Study 3, 226 subjects could share perishable, edible items (apples), coupons for apples or inedible items (pens) with fellow students, and there were no significant differences in generosity between these conditions. Overall, our results suggest that humans might exhibit a food‐sharing preference in certain conditions, especially when they share objects that belong to them and when they have a choice between sharing food and non‐food items. However, further studies are necessary to confirm this notion, to explore the characteristics of food that make sharing it particularly probable, and to understand potential mechanisms underlying this tendency.
The epistemic bases of changes of opinion and choices: The joint effects of the need for cognitive closure, ascribed epistemic authority and quality of advice
Authors: Pica Gennaro , Milyavsky Maxim , Pierro Antonio , Kruglanski Arie W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis research investigates the epistemic underpinnings of changes of opinion and choices. Basing our investigations on the Lay Epistemic Theory, we hypothesized that individuals with a high (vs. low) need for cognitive closure would be more influenced by the high (vs. low) level of the epistemic authority of an advisor, and would be less influenced by the quality of the provided advice. These hypotheses were supported in two experimental studies (Total N = 352) within two different domains of decision‐making (a legal case in Study 1 and consumer behavior in Study 2). The theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.
Novel Zn‐Fe LDH/MWCNTs and Graphene/MWCNTs Nanocomposites Based Potentiometric Sensors for Benzydamine Determination in Biological Fluids and Real Water Samples
Authors: Mahmoud Mostafa Sahar , Ali Farghali Ahmed , Magdy Khalil Mohamed 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTwo sensitive and selective potentiometric sensors based on zinc‐iron layered double hydroxides/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Zn−Fe LDH/MWCNTs) (sensor I) and graphene/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Gr/MWCNTs) (sensor II) nanocomposites were developed for benzydamine hydrochloride (Benz) determination. The investigated sensors displayed excellent Nernstian slopes 58.5±0.7 and 59.5±0.5 mV decade−1, detection limits 8.3×10−7 and 1.9×10−7 mol L−1, long lifetimes, adequate selectivity, high chemical, and thermal stability within pH range of 2.4–8.5 for sensors І and ІІ, respectively. The surface morphology of sensors was analyzed using a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The analytical method was efficiently implemented for Benz determination in biological fluids and surface water samples.
Capillary electrophoresis and molecular modeling of the chiral separation of aromatic amino acids using α/β‐cyclodextrin and 18‐crown‐6
Authors: Suliman FakhrEldin O. , Al Burtomani Suad K. , Elbashir Abdulla A. , Schmitz Oliver J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this work, chiral separation of enantiomers of three amino acids was achieved using capillary electrophoresis technique with α‐cyclodextrin (αCD) as a running buffer additive. Only tryptophan has exhibited baseline separation in the presence of αCD, while the enantiomers of the other two amino acids, phenylalanine and tyrosine, were only partially separated. The addition of 18‐crown‐6 (18C6) as a second additive imparted only slight improvement to the separation of all enantiomers. On the other hand, all three racemic amino acid mixtures demonstrated no indication of separation when the larger cavity cyclodextrin members, β‐ and γCD, are used as running buffer chiral additives. However, remarkable improvements in the separation of the enantiomers of phenylalanine and tyrosine were obtained when 18C6 is used together with βCD as a running buffer additive. Surprisingly, tryptophan enantiomers were not separated by the dual additive system of cyclodextrin and crown ether. Using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS), all amino acids were found to form stable binary complexes with individual hosts as well as ternary compounds involving the crown ether and the cyclodextrin. Furthermore, we used molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to build a clear picture about the interaction between the guest and the hosts. Most of these complexes remained stable throughout the simulation times, and the molecular dynamics study allowed better understanding of these supramolecular assemblies.
Pseudomonas taiwanensis biofilms for continuous conversion of cyclohexanone in drip flow and rotating bed reactors
Authors: Heuschkel Ingeborg , Hanisch Selina , Volke Daniel C. , Löfgren Erik , Hoschek Anna , Nikel Pablo I. , Karande Rohan , Bühler Katja 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, the biocatalytic performance of a Baeyer‐Villiger monooxygenase (BVMO) catalyzing the reaction of cyclohexanone to ε‐caprolactone was investigated in Pseudomonas biofilms. Biofilm growth and development of two Pseudomonas taiwanensis VLB120 variants, Ps_BVMO and Ps_BVMO_DGC, were evaluated in drip flow reactors (DFRs) and rotating bed reactors (RBRs). Engineering a hyperactive diguanylate cyclase (DGC) from Caulobacter crescentus into Ps_BVMO resulted in faster biofilm growth compared to the control Ps_BVMO strain in the DFRs. The maximum product formation rates of 92 and 87 g m–2 d–1 were observed for mature Ps_BVMO and Ps_ BVMO_DGC biofilms, respectively. The application of the engineered variants in the RBR was challenged by low biofilm surface coverage (50–60%) of rotating bed cassettes, side‐products formation, oxygen limitation, and a severe drop in production rates with time. By implementing an active oxygen supply mode and a twin capillary spray feed, the biofilm surface coverage was maximized to 70–80%. BVMO activity was severely inhibited by cyclohexanol formation, resulting in a decrease in product formation rates. By controlling the cyclohexanone feed concentration at 4 mM, a stable product formation rate of 14 g m–2 d–1 and a substrate conversion of 60% was achieved in the RBR.
Development of U control chart by variable sample size and sampling interval to improve the statistical properties
Authors: Shojaie Mohsen , Imani Din Mohammad 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIt has been proved that the quality control charts with variable sampling schemes are more effective than the classical ones in improving statistical measures. The Average Number of False Alarms (ANF), Average Number of Samples (ANS), Average Number of Inspected Items (ANI), and Adjusted Average Time to Signal (AATS) have been the most important statistical measures always being attending in the evaluation of control charts. Thus, this study was conducted aiming at illustrating a comprehensive analytical review on the U control chart via the statistical measures. To this end, different levels of the possible factors were determined, and the results of calculating the statistical measures and the obtained parameters on the sampling schemes of the U control chart were presented. The results indicated that the variable U control charts were capable of improving the effectiveness of statistical measures, especially for detecting shifts and number of false alarms.
An efficient and robust method for numerical analysis of a dead zone in catalyst particle and packed bed reactor
Authors: Kaczmarski Krzysztof , Szukiewicz Mirosław Krzysztof 
Published: February 2021

AbstractZones without reactants inside a catalyst pellet, the so‐called dead zones (DZs), have been reported in the case of catalysis and biocatalysis, two processes of fundamental importance. The presence of the DZ results from diffusional transport limitations when an apparent reaction order is in the range: −1 to 1. The formation of a DZ reduces the effectiveness of a catalyst and affects packed bed reactor productivity. For a simple reaction kinetic model, the width of a DZ inside a pellet can be predicted analytically by solving the appropriate differential mass balance model. However, for more complex kinetic models, the analytical solution is unknown, and a DZ position can be established only by applying a numerical method. The problem with the DZ appearance belongs to problems with moving boundaries. Its solution requires the application of a particular numerical procedure and a relatively long CPU time. In this work, a simple, high‐speed numerical method for the calculation of a DZ position inside a pellet is proposed. The proposed method, combined with the orthogonal collocation on finite elements can be applied to analyze a packed bed reactor operation.
A Critical Review of Organic Ultraviolet Filter Exposure, Hazard, and Risk to Corals
Authors: Mitchelmore Carys L. , Burns Emily E. , Conway Annaleise , Heyes Andrew , Davies Iain A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
There has been a rapid increase in public, political, and scientific interest regarding the impact of organic ultraviolet (UV) filters to coral reefs. Such filters are found in sunscreens and other consumer products and enter the aquatic environment via direct (i.e., recreational activities, effluents) or indirect (i.e., land runoff) pathways. This review summarizes the current state of the science regarding the concentration of organic UV filters in seawater and sediment near coral reef ecosystems and in coral tissues, toxicological data from early and adult life stages of coral species, and preliminary environmental risk characterizations. Up to 14 different organic UV filters in seawater near coral reefs have been reported across 12 studies, with the majority of concentrations in the nanograms per liter range. Nine papers report toxicological findings from no response to a variety of biological effects occurring in the micrograms per liter to milligrams per liter range, in part given the wide variations in experimental design and coral species and/or life stage used. This review presents key findings; scientific data gaps; flaws in assumptions, practice, and inference; and a number of recommendations for future studies to assess the environmental risk of organic UV filters to coral reef ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:967–988. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Abstract
Limited and variable ultraviolet (UV) filter monitoring data in coral reef environments in conjunction with limited toxicity information with significant methodological issues have led to limited and unreliable risk assessment of UV filters to corals. It is our recommendation that increased monitoring and toxicity testing along with harmonized guidelines for coral toxicity testing and risk assessment calculation would help alleviate these issues.
CFO and STO estimation and correction in multicarrier communications using linear filter bank multicarrier
Authors: Visuvanathan Ganesan Elavel , Thangappan Jaya 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFuture wireless systems will be represented by a huge possibility of possible use cases. It needs an adaptable portion of the accessible time‐frequency properties, which is problematic in predictable OFDM. In this manner, modifications of OFDM, for example, filtering or windowing, become vital. Alternatively, we can utilize an alternate regulation plan, for example, filter bank multicarrier. This article explains the synchronization problem in a nonpersistent CA scenario and a pilot‐based synchronization algorithm to eliminate STO and carrier frequency offset. The pilot model used here is the LCFZA design, which is also incorrectly used in the advanced multicarrier standard.
An intelligent content caching protocol for connected vehicles
Authors: Rahim Muddasir , Ali Shaukat , Alvi Ahmad Naseem , Javed Muhammad Awais , Imran Muhammad , Azad Muhammad Ajmal , Chen Dong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the future smart cities, connected vehicles provide various infotainment and nonsafety services using vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to road side units (RSUs) communications. To enable these infotainment services, content providers cache their popular data on the RSU storage to make it quickly accessible for the vehicles. In this article, we propose a novel content caching protocol used by mobile network operators. The proposed protocol uses knapsack optimization algorithm to allocate the variable‐sized contents to the RSUs based on their utility. Results show that the proposed protocol provides 13% and 70% approximately higher download data than the market matching and random caching, respectively.
A model for the pyrolysis of two Nordic structural timbers
Authors: Rinta‐Paavola Aleksi , Hostikka Simo 
Published: February 2021

SUMMARYPerformance‐based design of the timber structures' fire resistance is often based on the reduced cross section and thus relying on empirical and numerical assessment of the charring propagation. The current work aims to construct models for the pyrolysis of spruce and pinewoods to allow coupled simulations of the cross‐section reduction and burning rate in fire models. Kinetic models are formulated based on thermogravimetric data and supported by the heats of pyrolysis and combustion measurements by differential scanning calorimetry and microscale combustion calorimetry, respectively. The results from these small‐scale measurements are consistent with each other, and the heats of pyrolysis and combustion are determined for the wood primary components by fitting the simulations to the experimental results. Heat release models are constructed based on the small‐scale tests, and cone calorimeter experiments are used for the estimation of the physical properties and for the heat release model validation.
Extraction development for antimicrobial and phytotoxic essential oils from asteraceae species: Achillea fragrantissima, Artemisia judaica and Tanacetum sinaicum
Authors: Elshamy Abdelsamed , Abd‐ElGawad Ahmed , Mohamed Tarik , El Gendy Abd El‐Nasser , Abd El Aty Abeer A. , Saleh Ibrahim , Moustafa Mahmoud F. , Hussien Taha A. , Pare Paul W. , F. Hegazy Mohamed‐Elamir 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Egyptian Sinai is a rich source of plant‐derived medicines from the highly represented Asteraceae family; however, the protocol for effective chemical extraction has not been standardized. To identify an effective extraction method for essential oils for highly represented species, Achillea fragrantissima, Artemisia judaica and Tanacetum sinaicum were analysed by hydro‐distillation (HD) vs microwave‐assisted (MA) extraction. A total of 82 metabolites were identified by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). While oxygenated monoterpenes were the major class for both methods, MA extraction proved to be slightly more effective in extracting some ketones and alcohols such as piperitone and thymol, respectively. All the extracted EOs from the three plants exhibited significant antimicrobial potentialities in which T sinaicum ˃ A judaica > A fragrantissima. Interestingly, essential oils extracted by HD (vs MAE) exhibited greater lettuce phytotoxicity with respect to root and shoot growth as well as seed germination. Although the two extraction methods produce slightly different chemical profiles for the three analysed species, the plants aggregated similarly based on principal component analysis.
Premilling treatments effects on nutritional composition, antinutritional factors, and in vitro mineral bioavailability of the improved Assosa I sorghum variety (Sorghum bicolor L.)
Authors: Keyata Ebisa Olika , Tola Yetenayet B. , Bultosa Geremew , Forsido Sirawdink Fikreyesus 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) is among the staple cereal crops in different parts of Ethiopia. However, the presence of antinutritional factors restricts the digestion of proteins and bioavailability different minerals. Therefore, this study investigates the premilling treatments effects on nutritional composition, antinutritional factors, and in vitro mineral bioavailability of the improved Assosa I sorghum variety grown in Benishangul‐Gumuz Region, Ethiopia. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with single factor of premilling treatments (control, washing, soaking, and malting). Among evaluated premilling treatments, malting showed significant (p < .05) increase in terms of crude fiber, utilizable carbohydrate, gross energy, and sodium contents. As compared to the raw sorghum, premilling treatments reduced antinutritional contents from 55.81 to 27.4 mg/100 g for tannin, 156.15 to 70.50 mg/100 g for phytates, and 29.9 to 3.22 mg/100 g for oxalate. The premilling techniques also significantly (p < .05) improved in vitro mineral bioavailability as compared to unprocessed sorghum grains. Among the premilling treatments, malting showed significant difference (p < .05) in terms of reduction of tannins, phytates, and oxalate contents with relatively higher mineral bioavailability. In order to enhance the food and nutritional value of sorghum particularly for children and lactating mothers, it is recommended to germinated the grains. Flour from germinated grain also can be used in combination with other nutrient‐dense foods to formulate healthy diets for children and maternal nutrition.
Towards understanding neurocognitive mechanisms of parenting: Maternal behaviors and structural brain network organization in late childhood
Authors: Richmond Sally , Beare Richard , Johnson Katherine A. , Allen Nicholas B. , Seal Marc L. , Whittle Sarah 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA substantial body of knowledge suggests that exposure to adverse family environments – including violence and neglect – influences many aspects of brain development. Relatively less attention has been directed toward the influence of “normative” differences in parenting behaviors. Given the rapid brain reorganization during late childhood, parenting behaviors are particularly likely to impact the structure of the brain during this time. This study investigated associations between maternal parenting behaviors and the organization of structural brain networks in late childhood, as measured by structural covariance. One hundred and forty‐five typically developing 8‐year‐olds and their mothers completed questionnaire measures and two observed interaction tasks; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were obtained from the children. Measures of maternal negative, positive, and communicative behavior were derived from the interaction tasks. Structural covariance networks based on partial correlations between cortical thickness estimates were constructed and estimates of modularity were obtained using graph theoretical analysis. High levels of negative maternal behavior were associated with low modularity. Minimal support was found for an association between positive maternal behaviors and modularity and between maternal communicative behaviors and modularity. Our findings suggest that variation in negative maternal behavior is associated with the structural organization of brain networks in children.
OHAM simulation of 3D transverse magnetic field in rotating flow of Maxwell nanofluid over a stretching sheet with chemical reaction and heat source/sink
Authors: Ujjini Bhojappa Vishwanatha , Zeb Salman 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this article, we investigate the heat transfer characteristics of a Maxwell nanofluid along a stretching sheet with transverse magnetic field, considering the presence of heat source/sink and chemical reaction. We consider appropriate similarity transformation for transforming the governing nonlinear equations into nondimensional highly nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations. The optimal homotopy analysis method is utilized for solving the resultant‐coupled equations. The impact of all sundry parameters, like, Deborah number, Prandtl number, magnetic parameter, thermophoresis, rotation parameter, chemical reaction, velocity slip, Schmidt number, Brownian motion parameter, heat sources per sink, Biot number, and Eckert number, on the temperature, velocity, and concentration fields is reported, analyzed, and described through graphs and tables. It is noticed that higher values of magnetic parameter and Deborah number reduce the horizontal velocity field. Furthermore, it is observed that the Biot number and heat source/sink parameter enhance the temperature distribution.
On the use of leaf water to determine plant water source: A proof of concept
Authors: Benettin Paolo , Nehemy Magali F. , Cernusak Lucas A. , Kahmen Ansgar , McDonnell Jeffrey J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSource water apportionment studies using the dual isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen have revolutionized our understanding of ecohydrology. But despite these developments—mostly over the past decade—many technical problems still exist in terms of linking xylem water to its soil water and groundwater sources. This is mainly due to sampling issues and possible fractionation of xylem water. Here we explore whether or not leaf water alone can be used to quantify the blend of rainfall event inputs from which the leaf water originates. Leaf water has historically been avoided in plant water uptake studies due to the extreme fractionation processes at the leaf surface. In our proof of concept work we embrace those processes and use the well‐known Craig and Gordon model to map leaf water back to its individual precipitation event water sources. We also employ a Bayesian uncertainty estimation approach to quantify source apportionment uncertainties. We show this using a controlled, vegetated lysimeter experiment where we were able to use leaf water to correctly identify the mean seasonal rainfall that was taken up by the plant, with an uncertainty typically within ±1‰ for δ18O. While not appropriate for all source water studies, this work shows that leaf water isotope composition may provide a new, relatively un‐intrusive method for addressing questions about the plant water source.