bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residual Deformities of the Maxillofacial Region
Authors: Jimson Samson 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA maxillofacial surgeon plays a vital role in not only restoring the structural form of the maxillofacial unit but also aims to restore the pre-traumatic functional status of the patient. Diagnosis and Clinical evaluation with enhanced treatment planning and restoration of aesthetics and function is the key for any maxillofacial surgery. However, it is not always possible to achieve the most appropriate results in all cases. It is not uncommon to see failure or more mediocre outcomes following maxillofacial trauma surgery. The outcome of the primary treatment may depend on factors like the extent of the injury/defect, delay in diagnosis/management, improper treatment plan, lack of use in modern diagnostic/treatment planning utilities, poor execution of treatment plan, inexperience of the surgeon leading to not expecting the eventful deformities, not coordinating with other specialists to yield the most standard and deserving treatment for the patient with restoration of both form and function. Residual deformities are seen following primary treatment of trauma due to one more reason mentioned earlier. Correction of such residual deformities may be challenging to the surgeon but very often a life-changing experience for patients. It is the experience of the surgeon that helps to recognise the challenges ahead in restoring the form and function. Residual deformities are often evaluated by the extent of deformities following primary management. Apart from reasons that may pertain to the experience of the operating surgeon, pathobiology of the healing zone may also contribute to the residual deformities. This chapter discusses in detail about the traumatic residual deformities and its management, also in brief about post-oncosurgical residual deformities.
Orthognathic Surgery for Mandible
Authors: Mani Varghese 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMandible, a horseshoe shaped bone of the facial skeleton, is one of the sturdy bones in humans. Prominent chin is a unique feature of anatomically modern man in comparison with his anthropological ancestors. The simian shelf has reduced to two genial tubercles to which two muscles are attached. The neck of the condyle has narrowed and acts as a buffer to budge by fracture if there is a severe force on the prominent chin. These evolutionary changes facilitated increased space for the tongue as men started articulation. It articulates with the temporal bone by two inter-dependent Temporo-mandibular joints. Mandible is important in both function and aesthetics.Mandible can be cut into multiple pieces and re-arranged and fixed to achieve aesthetic and functional changes. Facial bones have a tremendous capacity to regenerate and heal provided proper blood supply is ensured to the cut segments. Ostoetomies of the mandible can be done on ramus, body, chin, dento-alveolar region, inferior border, etc. Most of these procedures are done intraorally. Technological advancements have aided orthognathic surgery at large. This chapter envisages to elaborate different techniques of osteotomy of mandible.
Orthognathic Surgery for the Maxilla-LeFort I and Anterior Maxillary Osteotomy
Authors: Dabir Ashok , Vahanwala Jayesh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe chapter reviews the history and technique of maxillary orthognathic surgical procedures and highlights the sequence of bimaxillary surgery. A maxillary surgical procedure and its modification can be employed to correct skeletal deformities of the maxilla. With presently available surgical techniques, the maxilla may be independently repositioned in three dimensions. Segmentalization of the maxilla in turn allows repositioning different portions in different three dimensional planes, when done under direct vision. The changes in the position of the maxilla also causes soft tissue changes of the lips, cheeks, and nose. Changes in the nasal complex after orthognathic surgery, with the exception of nasal width, are complicated, and cannot be predicted. Having listed a general guide, the authors reiterate that no dogma should be given regarding the sequence of maxillary or mandibular surgery. Any surgical decision must be made after in-depth planning, preparation, and flexibility. If this is done, sequencing will follow logically.The chapter also includes key considerations in orthognathic surgery viz., adjustment to the base of the Nose and ANS; effect of changing the inclination (slope) of the osteotomy cut; impacted / erupted wisdom teeth; preoperative/intraoperative difficulties and proper positioning. An in-depth account of nutritional support and dealing with complications rounds off the discussion.
Facial Asymmetry
Authors: Andrade Neelam N. , Mathai Paul , Aggarwal Neha 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAny abnormality of the soft or hard tissues of the face can lead to asymmetry. This could be a consequence of a congenital anomaly, a developmental or an acquired defect. Asymmetry can be progressive in nature, while those acquired due to trauma or ablative surgeries are non- progressive. It is prudent for the clinician to consider the aetiology of the asymmetry, the extent and its severity in all three dimensions in order to provide an optimal treatment plan. Besides, it is important to take into consideration factors such as growth, timing of treatment and psychological aspirations of the patients. The present chapter will discuss the etiopathogenesis and classifications, clinical considerations and diagnosis, evaluation and treatment planning of facial asymmetries. Few interesting case scenarios will also be discussed for a better understanding of clinical presentations and various surgical procedures available for management.
Cleft Palate
Authors: Narayanan P. V. , Adenwalla H. S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIt was Kilner who said, “Ask not for a spatula and torch to check your cleft palate repair, but listen to your patient speak.” By this obvious but profound statement, he drew the cleft surgeons’ attention to the fact that gone are the days of breakdowns and fistulae and that if your child does not speak well, your operation is a failure, for such a child would be out of the mainstream of life forever. In spite of the advances in technique and execution, experienced cleft surgeons all over the world still struggle to obtain perfect speech in a large percentage of cases.
Cleft Rhinoplasty
Authors: Richardson Sunil , Khandeparker Rakshit Vijay Sinai 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCleft rhinoplasty is one of the most difficult and challenging aesthetic surgeries to carry out and bears a significant impact on the overall nasal aesthetics and function. Two reasons understood for this are the simultaneous involvement of all the layers of the nose including the skin, cartilage, skeleton and vestibular lining (this being the principal reason) and the significant scarring that is the consequence of multiple previous surgical interventions. There is a mention of numerous techniques for ultimate correction of unilateral and bilateral cleft nasal deformities but no single technique has till date provided a definite solution for correction of all the problems that accompany these deformities. There is a revised interest in performing primary rhinoplasties at the time of lip repair with or without presurgical orthopedics but these procedures may still warrant definitive rhinoplasty at a later date. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive review of cleft rhinoplasty in the most systematic manner beginning with the pathologic anatomy followed by surgical timing, pre-operative evaluation and surgical correction. The chapter also discusses the use of various grafts in a typical cleft rhinoplasty case as well as treatment strategy for management of both, unilateral and bilateral cleft nasal deformities. The outcomes as well as complications and a note on further revisions have also been presented.
Sarcoma of the Maxillofacial/Head and Neck Region
Authors: Jacob D’ Souza , Raghu Boyapati 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSarcomas are malignant mesenchymal tumours. They are relatively uncommon in the head and neck region. They are diverse affecting both soft and hard tissues. Multiple histological subtypes are recognised. There is considerable variation in their behaviour and response to treatment, both in adults and children. Historically, poor outcomes are due to multiple reasons such as paucity of standardised treatment approaches and the complex anatomy of the head and neck region. Nevertheless, surgery plays a key part in the management of sarcomas, both from an ablative and reconstructive viewpoint. The modern reconstructive techniques have improved quality of life for those undergoing surgical ablation.
de Sitter space as a Glauber-Sudarshan state
Authors: Brahma Suddhasattwa , Dasgupta Keshav , Tatar Radu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Glauber-Sudarshan states, sometimes simply referred to as Glauber states, or alternatively as coherent and squeezed-coherent states, are interesting states in the configuration spaces of any quantum field theories, that closely resemble classical trajectories in space-time. In this paper, we identify four-dimensional de Sitter space as a coherent state over a supersymmetric Minkowski vacuum. Although such an identification is not new, what is new however is the claim that this is realizable in full string theory, but only in conjunction with temporally varying degrees of freedom and quantum corrections resulting from them. Furthermore, fluctuations over the de Sitter space is governed by a generalized graviton (and flux)-added coherent state, also known as the Agarwal-Tara state. The realization of de Sitter space as a state, and not as a vacuum, resolves many issues associated with its entropy, zero-point energy and trans-Planckian censorship, amongst other things.
Anomaly inflow methods for SCFT constructions in type IIB
Authors: Bah Ibrahima , Bonetti Federico , Minasian Ruben , Weck Peter 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We extend the anomaly inflow methods developed in M-theory to SCFTs engineered via D3-branes in type IIB. We show that the ’t Hooft anomalies of such SCFTs can be computed systematically from their geometric definition. Our procedure is tested in several 4d examples and applied to 2d theories obtained by wrapping D3-branes on a Riemann surface. In particular, we show how to analyze half-BPS regular punctures for 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM on a Riemann surface. We discuss generalizations of this formalism to type IIB configurations with F3, H3 fluxes, as well as to F-theory setups.
Sums of Averages of GCD-Sum Functions II
Authors: Kaltenböck Lisa , Kiuchi Isao , Saad Eddin Sumaia , Ueda Masaaki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLet $$ \gcd (k,j) $$

gcd
(
k
,
j
)

denote the greatest common divisor of the integers k and j, and let r be any fixed positive integer. Define $$\begin{aligned} M_r(x; f) := \sum _{k\le x}\frac{1}{k^{r+1}}\sum _{j=1}^{k}j^{r}f(\gcd (j,k)) \end{aligned}$$

M
r

(
x
;
f
)

:
=

∑

k
≤
x

1

k

r
+
1

∑

j
=
1

k

j
r

f

(
gcd

(
j
,
k
)

)

for any large real number $$x\ge 5$$

x
≥
5

, where f is any arithmetical function. Let $$\phi $$
ϕ
, and $$\psi $$
ψ
denote the Euler totient and the Dedekind function, respectively. In this paper, we refine asymptotic expansions of $$M_r(x; \mathrm{id})$$

M
r

(
x
;
id
)

, $$M_r(x;{\phi })$$

M
r

(
x
;
ϕ
)

and $$M_r(x;{\psi })$$

M
r

(
x
;
ψ
)

. Furthermore, under the Riemann Hypothesis and the simplicity of zeros of the Riemann zeta-function, we establish the asymptotic formula of $$M_r(x;\mathrm{id})$$

M
r

(
x
;
id
)

for any large positive number $$x>5$$

x
>
5

satisfying $$x=[x]+\frac{1}{2}$$

x
=

[
x
]

+

1
2

.
Assessment of the impact of mitochondrial genotype upon drug-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in platelets derived from healthy volunteers
Authors: Ball Amy L. , Bloch Katarzyna M. , Rainbow Lucille , Liu Xuan , Kenny John , Lyon Jonathan J. , Gregory Richard , Alfirevic Ana , Chadwick Amy E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is highly polymorphic and encodes 13 proteins which are critical to the production of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. As mtDNA is maternally inherited and undergoes negligible recombination, acquired mutations have subdivided the human population into several discrete haplogroups. Mitochondrial haplogroup has been found to significantly alter mitochondrial function and impact susceptibility to adverse drug reactions. Despite these findings, there are currently limited models to assess the effect of mtDNA variation upon susceptibility to adverse drug reactions. Platelets offer a potential personalised model of this variation, as their anucleate nature offers a source of mtDNA without interference from the nuclear genome. This study, therefore, aimed to determine the effect of mtDNA variation upon mitochondrial function and drug-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in a platelet model. The mtDNA haplogroup of 383 healthy volunteers was determined using next-generation mtDNA sequencing (Illumina MiSeq). Subsequently, 30 of these volunteers from mitochondrial haplogroups H, J, T and U were recalled to donate fresh, whole blood from which platelets were isolated. Platelet mitochondrial function was tested at basal state and upon treatment with compounds associated with both mitochondrial dysfunction and adverse drug reactions, flutamide, 2-hydroxyflutamide and tolcapone (10–250 μM) using extracellular flux analysis. This study has demonstrated that freshly-isolated platelets are a practical, primary cell model, which is amenable to the study of drug-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Specifically, platelets from donors of haplogroup J have been found to have increased susceptibility to the inhibition of complex I-driven respiration by 2-hydroxyflutamide. At a time when individual susceptibility to adverse drug reactions is not fully understood, this study provides evidence that inter-individual variation in mitochondrial genotype could be a factor in determining sensitivity to mitochondrial toxicants associated with costly adverse drug reactions.
Higher order Levi forms on homogeneous CR manifolds
Authors: Marini S. , Medori C. , Nacinovich M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe investigate the nondegeneracy of higher order Levi forms on weakly nondegenerate homogeneous CR manifolds. Improving previous results, we prove that general orbits of real forms in complex flag manifolds have order less or equal than 3 and the compact ones less or equal 2. Finally we construct by Lie extensions weakly nondegenerate CR vector bundles with arbitrary orders of nondegeneracy.
Phase Transitions for Nonlinear Nonlocal Aggregation-Diffusion Equations
Authors: Carrillo José A. , Gvalani Rishabh S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe are interested in studying the stationary solutions and phase transitions of aggregation equations with degenerate diffusion of porous medium-type, with exponent$$1< m < \infty $$1<m<∞. We first prove the existence of possibly infinitely many bifurcations from the spatially homogeneous steady state. We then focus our attention on the associated free energy, proving existence of minimisers and even uniqueness for sufficiently weak interactions. In the absence of uniqueness, we show that the system exhibits phase transitions: we classify values ofmand interaction potentialsWfor which these phase transitions are continuous or discontinuous. Finally, we comment on the limit$$m \rightarrow \infty $$m→∞and the influence that the presence of a phase transition has on this limit.
Helly meets Garside and Artin
Authors: Huang Jingyin , Osajda Damian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA graph is Helly if every family of pairwise intersecting combinatorial balls has a nonempty intersection. We show that weak Garside groups of finite type and FC-type Artin groups are Helly, that is, they act geometrically on Helly graphs. In particular, such groups act geometrically on spaces with a convex geodesic bicombing, equipping them with a nonpositive-curvature-like structure. That structure has many properties of a CAT(0) structure and, additionally, it has a combinatorial flavor implying biautomaticity. As immediate consequences we obtain new results for FC-type Artin groups (in particular braid groups and spherical Artin groups) and weak Garside groups, including e.g. fundamental groups of the complements of complexified finite simplicial arrangements of hyperplanes, braid groups of well-generated complex reflection groups, and one-relator groups with non-trivial center. Among the results are: biautomaticity, existence of EZ and Tits boundaries, the Farrell–Jones conjecture, the coarse Baum–Connes conjecture, and a description of higher order homological and homotopical Dehn functions. As a means of proving the Helly property we introduce and use the notion of a (generalized) cell Helly complex.
A stalk fluid forming above the transition from the lamellar to the rhombohedral phase of lipid membranes
Authors: Scheu Max , Komorowski Karlo , Shen Chen , Salditt Tim 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this work, we present evidence for the formation of transient stalks in aligned multilamellar stacks of lipid membranes. Just above the phase transition from the fluid ($$L_\alpha$$Lα) lamellar phase to the rhombohedral phase (R), where lipid stalks crystallize on a super-lattice within the lipid bilayer stack, we observe a characteristic scattering pattern, which can be attributed to a correlated fluid of transient stalks. Excess (off-axis) diffuse scattering with a broad modulation around the position which later transforms to a sharp peak of the rhombohedral lattice, gives evidence for the stalk fluid forming as a pre-critical effect, reminiscent of critical phenomena in the vicinity of second-order phase transitions. Using high-resolution off-specular X-ray scattering and lineshape analysis we show that this pre-critical regime is accompanied by an anomalous elasticity behavior of the membrane stack, in particular an increase in inter-bilayer compressibility, i.e., a decrease in the compression modulus.
A MALDI-TOF MS database for fast identification of Vibrio spp. potentially pathogenic to marine mollusks
Authors: Moussa M. , Cauvin E. , Le Piouffle A. , Lucas O. , Bidault A. , Paillard C. , Benoit F. , Thuillier B. , Treilles M. , Travers M. A. , Garcia Céline 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In mollusk aquaculture, a large number of Vibrio species are considered major pathogens. Conventional methods based on DNA amplification and sequencing used to accurately identify Vibrio species are unsuitable for monitoring programs because they are time-consuming and expensive. The aim of this study was, therefore, to develop the MALDI-TOF MS method in order to establish a rapid identification technique for a large panel of Vibrio species. We created the EnviBase containing 120 main spectra projections (MSP) of the Vibrio species that are potentially responsible for mollusk diseases, comprising 25 species: V. aestuarianus, V. cortegadensis, V. tapetis and species belonging to the Coralliilyticus, Harveyi, Mediterranei, and Orientalis clades. Each MSP was constructed by the merger of raw spectra obtained from three different media and generated by three collaborating laboratories to increase the diversity of the conditions and thus obtain a good technique robustness. Perfect discrimination was obtained with all of the MSP created for the Vibrio species and even for very closely related species as V. europaeus and V. bivalvicida. The new EnviBase library was validated through a blind test on 100 Vibrio strains performed by our three collaborators who used the direct transfer and protein extraction methods. The majority of the Vibrio strains were successfully identified with the newly created EnviBase by the three laboratories for both protocol methods. This study documents the first development of a freely accessible database exclusively devoted to Vibrio found in marine environments, taking into account the high diversity of this genus.

Key points
• Development of a MALDI-TOF MS database to quickly affiliate Vibrio species.
• Increase of the reactivity when faced with Vibrio associated with mollusk diseases.
• Validation of MALDI-TOF MS as routine diagnostic tool.
Postoperative single-sequence (PoSSe) MRI: imaging work-up for CT-guided or endoscopic drainage indication of collections after hepatopancreaticobiliary surgery
Authors: Fehrenbach Uli , Auer Timo A. , Schöning Wenzel , Schmelzle Moritz , Jürgensen Christian , Malinka Thomas , Bahra Marcus , Geisel Dominik , Denecke Timm 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Fluid collections due to anastomotic leakage are a common complication after hepatopancreaticobiliary (HPB) surgery and are usually treated with drainage. We conducted a study to evaluate imaging work-up with a postoperative single-sequence (PoSSe) MRI for the detection of collections and indication of drainage.

Material and methods
Forty-six patients who developed signs of leakage (fever, pain, laboratory findings) after HPB surgery were prospectively enrolled. Each patient was examined by abdominal sonography and our PoSSe MRI protocol (axial T2-weighted HASTE only). PoSSe MRI examination time (from entering to leaving the MR scanner room) was measured. Sonography and MRI were evaluated regarding the detection and localization of fluid collections. Each examination was classified for diagnostic sufficiency and an imaging-based recommendation if CT-guided or endoscopic drainage is reasonable or not was proposed. Imaging work-up was evaluated in terms of feasibility and the possibility of drainage indication.

Results
Sonography, as first-line modality, detected 21 focal fluid collections and allowed to decide about the need for drainage in 41% of patients. The average time in the scanning room for PoSSe MRI was 9:23 min [7:50–13:32 min]. PoSSe MRI detected 46 focal collections and allowed therapeutic decisions in all patients. Drainage was suggested based on PoSSe MRI in 25 patients (54%) and subsequently indicated and performed in 21 patients (100% sensitivity and 84% specificity). No patient needed further imaging to optimize the treatment.

Conclusions
The PoSSe MRI approach is feasible in the early and intermediate postoperative setting after HPB surgery and shows a higher detection rate than sonography. Imaging work-up regarding drainage of collections was successful in all patients and our proposed PoSSe MRI algorithm provides an alternative to the standard work-up.