bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemo‐Mechanical Coupling in Fractured Shale With Water and Hydrocarbon Flow
Authors: Wenning Quinn C. , Madonna Claudio , Kurotori Takeshi , Petrini Claudio , Hwang Junyoung , Zappone Alba , Wiemer Stefan , Giardini Domenico , Pini Ronny 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe transport of chemically reactive fluids through fractured clay‐rich rocks is fundamental to many subsurface engineering technologies. Here, we present results of direct‐shear laboratory experiments with simultaneous imaging by X‐ray Computed Tomography in Opalinus claystone with subsequent fluid injection to unravel the interplay between mechanical fracture deformation, fluid sorption, and flow. Under constant radial stress (σc = 1.5 MPa), the average mechanical aperture increases with shear displacement. Upon brine injection, is reduced by 40% relative to initial conditions ( μm) and fluid‐sorption induces a divergent displacement of the two sample halves (Δh = ±50 − 170 μm) quantified by digital image correlation. None of these changes are observed in a control experiment with decane, indicating that creep is subordinate to swelling in sealing the fracture. Swelling‐induced changes in permeability within the fracture are heterogeneous and largely affect the fracture flow field, as computed using numerical simulations.
Rapidly Migrating Secondary Bedforms Can Persist on the Lee of Slowly Migrating Primary River Dunes
Authors: Zomer J. Y. , Naqshband S. , Vermeulen B. , Hoitink A. J. F. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTrains of secondary bedforms, superimposed on primary dunes, have been observed in rivers worldwide. To date, it has remained unclear how these secondary bedforms affect the sediment transport dynamics in a fluvial system. In this study, a field campaign was conducted to acquire a data set with a high spatial and temporal resolution, enabling to track secondary bedform migration. Results show that two distinct scales of bedforms are actively migrating. In parts of the study area, superimposed bedforms fully dissipate at the lee slope of the underlying primary dune, suggesting that the secondary bedforms contribute to the migration of the primary dune. In other parts, however, superimposed bedforms persist on the lee slope and in the trough of the primary dune. The steepness of the primary lee slope seems to control this. We calculated the sediment transport rates associated with both primary and secondary bedform migration, based on dune tracking. The sediment transport associated with secondary bedform migration is of the same order of magnitude, and even exceeds the transport associated with primary dune migration. This implies that secondary bedforms play a crucial role in the transport of bedload sediment, and cannot be ignored in the quantification of sediment transport based on dune tracking.
Gene delivery to the hypoglossal motor system: preclinical studies and translational potential
Authors: Doyle Brendan M. , Singer Michele L. , Fleury-Curado Thomaz , Rana Sabhya , Benevides Ethan S. , Byrne Barry J. , Polotsky Vsevolod Y. , Fuller David D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDysfunction and/or reduced activity in the tongue muscles contributes to conditions such as dysphagia, dysarthria, and sleep disordered breathing. Current treatments are often inadequate, and the tongue is a readily accessible target for therapeutic gene delivery. In this regard, gene therapy specifically targeting the tongue motor system offers two general strategies for treating lingual disorders. First, correcting tongue myofiber and/or hypoglossal (XII) motoneuron pathology in genetic neuromuscular disorders may be readily achieved by intralingual delivery of viral vectors. The retrograde movement of viral vectors such as adeno-associated virus (AAV) enables targeted distribution to XII motoneurons via intralingual viral delivery. Second, conditions with impaired or reduced tongue muscle activation can potentially be treated using viral-driven chemo- or optogenetic approaches to activate or inhibit XII motoneurons and/or tongue myofibers. Further considerations that are highly relevant to lingual gene therapy include (1) the diversity of the motoneurons which control the tongue, (2) the patterns of XII nerve branching, and (3) the complexity of tongue muscle anatomy and biomechanics. Preclinical studies show considerable promise for lingual directed gene therapy in neuromuscular disease, but the potential of such approaches is largely untapped.
A review framework of how earthquakes trigger volcanic eruptions
Authors: Seropian Gilles , Kennedy Ben M. , Walter Thomas R. , Ichihara Mie , Jolly Arthur D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIt is generally accepted that tectonic earthquakes may trigger volcanic activity, although the underlying mechanisms are poorly constrained. Here, we review current knowledge, and introduce a novel framework to help characterize earthquake-triggering processes. This framework outlines three parameters observable at volcanoes, namely magma viscosity, open- or closed-system degassing and the presence or absence of an active hydrothermal system. Our classification illustrates that most types of volcanoes may be seismically-triggered, though require different combinations of volcanic and seismic conditions, and triggering is unlikely unless the system is primed for eruption. Seismically-triggered unrest is more common, and particularly associated with hydrothermal systems.
EGCG binds intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain of p53 and disrupts p53-MDM2 interaction
Authors: Zhao Jing , Blayney Alan , Liu Xiaorong , Gandy Lauren , Jin Weihua , Yan Lufeng , Ha Jeung-Hoi , Canning Ashley J. , Connelly Michael , Yang Chao , Liu Xinyue , Xiao Yuanyuan , Cosgrove Michael S. , Solmaz Sozanne R. , Zhang Yingkai , Ban David , Chen Jianhan , Loh Stewart N. , Wang Chunyu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEpigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) from green tea can induce apoptosis in cancerous cells, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Using SPR and NMR, here we report a direct, μM interaction between EGCG and the tumor suppressor p53 (KD = 1.6 ± 1.4 μM), with the disordered N-terminal domain (NTD) identified as the major binding site (KD = 4 ± 2 μM). Large scale atomistic simulations (>100 μs), SAXS and AUC demonstrate that EGCG-NTD interaction is dynamic and EGCG causes the emergence of a subpopulation of compact bound conformations. The EGCG-p53 interaction disrupts p53 interaction with its regulatory E3 ligase MDM2 and inhibits ubiquitination of p53 by MDM2 in an in vitro ubiquitination assay, likely stabilizing p53 for anti-tumor activity. Our work provides insights into the mechanisms for EGCG’s anticancer activity and identifies p53 NTD as a target for cancer drug discovery through dynamic interactions with small molecules.
Probing resonating valence bond states in artificial quantum magnets
Authors: Yang Kai , Phark Soo-Hyon , Bae Yujeong , Esat Taner , Willke Philip , Ardavan Arzhang , Heinrich Andreas J. , Lutz Christopher P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDesigning and characterizing the many-body behaviors of quantum materials represents a prominent challenge for understanding strongly correlated physics and quantum information processing. We constructed artificial quantum magnets on a surface by using spin-1/2 atoms in a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). These coupled spins feature strong quantum fluctuations due to antiferromagnetic exchange interactions between neighboring atoms. To characterize the resulting collective magnetic states and their energy levels, we performed electron spin resonance on individual atoms within each quantum magnet. This gives atomic-scale access to properties of the exotic quantum many-body states, such as a finite-size realization of a resonating valence bond state. The tunable atomic-scale magnetic field from the STM tip allows us to further characterize and engineer the quantum states. These results open a new avenue to designing and exploring quantum magnets at the atomic scale for applications in spintronics and quantum simulations.
Three-component radical homo Mannich reaction
Authors: Shi Shuai , Qiu Wenting , Miao Pannan , Li Ruining , Lin Xianfeng , Sun Zhankui 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAliphatic amine, especially tertiary aliphatic amine, is one of the most popular functionalities found in pharmaceutical agents. The Mannich reaction is a classical and widely used transformation for the synthesis of β-amino-carbonyl products. Due to an ionic nature of the mechanism, the Mannich reaction can only use non-enolizable aldehydes as substrates, which significantly limits the further applications of this powerful approach. Here we show, by employing a radical process, we are able to utilize enolizable aldehydes as substrates and develop the three-component radical homo Mannich reaction for the streamlined synthesis of γ-amino-carbonyl compounds. The electrophilic radicals are generated from thiols via the desulfurization process facilitated by visible-light, and then add to the electron-rich double bonds of the in-situ formed enamines to provide the products in a single step. The broad scope, mild conditions, high functional group tolerance, and modularity of this metal-free approach for the synthesis of complex tertiary amine scaffolds will likely be of great utility to chemists in both academia and industry.
A new estimator for the multicollinear Poisson regression model: simulation and application
Authors: Lukman Adewale F. , Adewuyi Emmanuel , Månsson Kristofer , Kibria B. M. Golam 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) suffers from the instability problem in the presence of multicollinearity for a Poisson regression model (PRM). In this study, we propose a new estimator with some biasing parameters to estimate the regression coefficients for the PRM when there is multicollinearity problem. Some simulation experiments are conducted to compare the estimators' performance by using the mean squared error (MSE) criterion. For illustration purposes, aircraft damage data has been analyzed. The simulation results and the real-life application evidenced that the proposed estimator performs better than the rest of the estimators.
Mangrove tree (Avicennia marina): insight into chloroplast genome evolutionary divergence and its comparison with related species from family Acanthaceae
Authors: Asaf Sajjad , Khan Abdul Latif , Numan Muhammad , Al-Harrasi Ahmed 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAvicennia marina(family Acanthaceae) is a halotolerant woody shrub that grows wildly and cultivated in the coastal regions. Despite its importance, the species suffers from lack of genomic datasets to improve its taxonomy and phylogenetic placement across the related species. Here, we have aimed to sequence the plastid genome ofA. marinaand its comparison with related species in family Acanthaceae. Detailed next-generation sequencing and analysis showed a complete chloroplast genome of 150,279 bp, comprising 38.6% GC. Genome architecture is quadripartite revealing large single copy (82,522 bp), small single copy (17,523 bp), and pair of inverted repeats (25,117 bp). Furthermore, the genome contains 132 different genes, including 87 protein-coding genes, 8 rRNA, 37 tRNA genes, and 126 simple sequence repeats (122 mononucleotide, 2 dinucleotides, and 2 trinucleotides). Interestingly, about 25 forward, 15 reversed and 14 palindromic repeats were also found in theA. marina. High degree synteny was observed in the pairwise alignment with related genomes. The chloroplast genome comparative assessment showed a high degree of sequence similarity in coding regions and varying divergence in the intergenic spacers among ten Acanthaceae species. The pairwise distance showed that A.marinaexhibited the highest divergence (0.084) withJusticia flavaand showed lowest divergence withAphelandra knappiae(0.059). Current genomic datasets are a valuable resource for investigating the population and evolutionary genetics of family Acanthaceae members’ specificallyA. marinaand related species.
Association of the plasma xanthine oxidoreductase activity with the metabolic parameters and vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Okuyama Tomoko , Shirakawa Jun , Nakamura Takashi , Murase Takayo , Miyashita Daisuke , Inoue Ryota , Kyohara Mayu , Togashi Yu , Terauchi Yasuo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractXanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine, and of xanthine to uric acid. XOR also enhances the production of reactive oxygen species and causes endothelial dysfunction. In this study, we evaluated the association of XOR and its substrate with the vascular complications in 94 Japanese inpatients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The plasma XOR activity and plasma xanthine levels were positively correlated with the body mass index, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-GTP, fasting plasma insulin, and the homeostasis model of assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and negatively correlated with the high density lipoprotein cholesterol. The plasma XOR activity also showed a positive correlation with the serum triglyceride. Multivariate analyses identified AST, ALT, fasting plasma insulin and HOMA-IR as being independently associated with the plasma XOR activity. The plasma XOR activity negatively correlated with the duration of diabetes, and positively correlated with the coefficient of variation of the R-R interval and sensory nerve conduction velocity. Furthermore, the plasma XOR activity was significantly decreased in patients with coronary artery disease. Thus, the plasma XOR activity might be a surrogate marker for the development of vascular complications, as well as liver dysfunction and insulin resistance, in T2DM.Trial registration: This study is registered at the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000029970; https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index-j.htm). The study was conducted from Nov 15, 2017.
Correlation of hepcidin and serum ferritin levels in thalassemia patients at Chiang Mai University Hospital
Authors: Tantiworawit Adisak , Khemakapasiddhi Sujaree , Rattanathammethee Thanawat , Hantrakool Sasinee , Chai-Adisaksopha Chatree , Rattarittamrong Ekarat , Norasetthada Lalita , Charoenkwan Pimlak , Srichairatanakool Somdet , Fanhchaksai Kanda 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Hepcidin is a key iron-regulatory hormone, the production of which is controlled by iron stores, inflammation, hypoxia and erythropoiesis. The regulation of iron by hepcidin is of clinical importance in thalassemia patients in which anemia occurs along with iron overload. The present study aimed to evaluate the correlation between serum hepcidin and ferritin levels in thalassemia patients. This cross-sectional study investigated 64 patients with thalassemia; 16 β-thalassemia major (BTM), 31 β-thalassemia/hemoglobin (Hb) E (BE), and 17 Hb H + AE Bart’s disease (Hb H + AE Bart’s). The levels of serum hepcidin and ferritin, and Hb of the three groups were measured. The median values of serum ferritin and Hb were significantly different among the three groups, whereas serum hepcidin values were not observed to be significantly different. The correlation of the serum hepcidin and ferritin levels was not statistically significant in any of the three groups of thalassemia patients with BTM, BE, or Hb H + AE Bart’s (r = −0.141, 0.065 and −0.016, respectively). In conclusion, no statistically significant correlations were observed between serum hepcidin with any variables including serum ferritin, Hb, age, labile plasma iron (LPI), and number of blood transfusion units among the three groups of thalassemia patients. Likely, the regulation of hepcidin in thalassemia patients is affected more by erythropoietic activity than iron storage.
Mysterious, variable, and extremely hot: White dwarfs showing ultra-high excitation lines
Authors: Reindl Nicole , Schaffenroth Veronika , Filiz Semih , Geier Stephan , Pelisoli Ingrid , Kepler Souza Oliveira 
Published: February 2021

Context. About 10% of all stars exhibit absorption lines of ultra-highly excited (UHE) metals (e.g., O VIII) in their optical spectra when entering the white dwarf cooling sequence. This is something that has never been observed in any other astrophysical object, and poses a decades-long mystery in our understanding of the late stages of stellar evolution. The recent discovery of a UHE white dwarf that is both spectroscopically and photometrically variable led to the speculation that the UHE lines might be created in a shock-heated circumstellar magnetosphere.
Aims. We aim to gain a better understanding of these mysterious objects by studying the photometric variability of the whole population of UHE white dwarfs, and white dwarfs showing only the He II line problem, as both phenomena are believed to be connected.
Methods. We investigate (multi-band) light curves from several ground- and space-based surveys of all 16 currently known UHE white dwarfs (including one newly discovered) and eight white dwarfs that show only the He II line problem.
Results. We find that 75−13+8% of the UHE white dwarfs, and 75−19+9% of the He II line problem white dwarfs are significantly photometrically variable, with periods ranging from 0.22 d to 2.93 d and amplitudes from a few tenths to a few hundredths of a magnitude. The high variability rate is in stark contrast to the variability rate amongst normal hot white dwarfs (we find 9−2+4%), marking UHE and He II line problem white dwarfs as a new class of variable stars. The period distribution of our sample agrees with both the orbital period distribution of post-common-envelope binaries and the rotational period distribution of magnetic white dwarfs if we assume that the objects in our sample will spin-up as a consequence of further contraction.
Conclusions. We find further evidence that UHE and He II line problem white dwarfs are indeed related, as concluded from their overlap in the Gaia HRD, similar photometric variability rates, light-curve shapes and amplitudes, and period distributions. The lack of increasing photometric amplitudes towards longer wavelengths, as well as the nondetection of optical emission lines arising from the highly irradiated face of a hypothetical secondary in the optical spectra of our stars, makes it seem unlikely that an irradiated late-type companion is the origin of the photometric variability. Instead, we believe that spots on the surfaces of these stars and/or geometrical effects of circumstellar material might be responsible.
Die Wiederkehr der tropischen Treponematosen
Authors: Stingl Peter 
Published: February 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGNach erfolgreicher Massenbekämpfung in den 1950er und 1960er Jahren ist eine Wiederkehr endemischer Herde der tropischen Treponematosen zu beobachten. Kenntnisse für in den Tropen tätige Ärzte sind daher erforderlich. Es werden die 3 vorkommenden Krankheitssyndrome Frambösie, endemische Syphilis und Pinta vorgestellt. V. a. die Frambösie ist bei nach Europa einwandernden Kindern aus Endemiezonen in die Differenzialdiagnose von Haut - , Schleimhaut – und Knochenpathologien miteinzubeziehen. Und dies unter Beachtung der oft langen, klinisch teils stummen Latenzzeiten zwischen den Krankheitsstadien. Unbehandelt können ernste, irreversible Körperentstellungen folgen.
Synthesis of Annulated Carbazoles via FeCl3/SnCl4‑Mediated Domino Reaction of Vinyl Ketone Tethered Bromomethylindoles with Arenes and Heteroarenes
Authors: Mohanakrishnan Arasambattu K. , Saravanan Velu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOne-pot synthesis of aryl- as well as heteroaryl-annulated carbazoles was achieved from 2/3-bromomethylindoles involving Lewis acid mediated domino reaction with arenes as well as heteroarenes via successive Friedel–Crafts intermolecular as well as intramolecular alkylations followed by elimination of acetone. Further, the bis-domino reaction of 2,5-bis(bromomethyl)pyrrole was also carried out with selected heteroarenes. Additionally, the synthesized thienocarbazoles and thieno­dibenzofurans were successfully utilized for a second-generation domino reaction.
Pedestal magnetic turbulence measurements in ELMy H-mode DIII-D plasmas by Faraday-effect polarimetry
Authors: Chen J. , Brower D. L. , Ding W. X. , Yan Z. , Curie M. , Kotschenreuther M. , Osborne T. , Strait E. , Hatch D. R. , Halfmoon M. R. , Mahajan S. M. , Jian X. 
Published: February 2021

Internal magnetic fluctuation measurements are utilized to identify turbulence associated with micro-tearing modes (MTM) in the DIII-D Edge-Localized-Mode (ELM)-y H-mode pedestal. Using a Faraday-effect polarimeter, magnetic turbulence (150–500 kHz) is directly observed with a typical line-averaged fluctuation amplitude of ∼0.8 G at peak frequency (250 kHz) and ∼15 G integrated over the spectrum from 150 to 500 kHz. Frequency, poloidal wavenumber, and propagation direction of the magnetic turbulence all serve to identify as MTM. Magnetic turbulence amplitude non-monotonically correlates with collision frequency, peaks off mid-plane, and correlates with electron temperature gradient evolution between ELMs, consistent with MTM features identified from theory and gyro-kinetic simulation. The magnetic turbulence growth correlates with confinement degradation in ELMy H-mode plasmas during a slow density ramp. These internal measurements provide unique constraints toward developing physics understanding and validating models of the H-mode pedestal for future devices.
Effects of content-based instruction (CBI) on EFL secondary school learners’ writing
Authors: Suzuki Noriko 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo investigate the impact of meaning-focused content-based instruction (CBI) and language-focused non-CBI, both dealing with compare/contrast language, this study compared Japanese secondary school students’ compare/contrast writing on two topics (i.e., a power generation topic aligned to the CBI and a new topic) in pre-and post-tests. Their writing was analyzed in terms of complexity, accuracy, fluency, and functional adequacy. The results show that the CBI group improved both linguistic and functional aspects of the power generation topic, as well as two functional aspects of the new topic. In contrast, the non-CBI group showed two linguistic changes in the power generation topic, and three linguistic and two functional changes in the general topic writing. Therefore, CBI may not only serve to improve linguistic and functional aspects on the same topic writing but also might draw writers’ attention to functional aspects in a new topic.
Objective and subjective collocational frequency
Authors: Cangır Hakan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractResearch states that when deciding what target lexical items to focus in their syllabi, textbook designers tend to use their intuition and establish their framework for vocabulary teaching accordingly rather than using a systematic method. With the advent of computational methods for language analysis, contemporary EFL publishers also claim they have begun to design corpus-informed textbooks reflecting actual language use in their products as evidenced in a representative corpus. In an attempt to offer a more rational method to form corpus-oriented and pedagogically convenient target vocabulary lists, the present study, exploiting different association measures in a representative corpus, seeks to detect the collocational strength of 50 target word combinations presented in the two EFL textbooks as an initial step. Additionally, inspired byEllis et al.’s (2008)research, the current study aims to investigate if/to what extent the association measures indicating collocational strength correlate with EFL instructors’ intuitions regarding collocational frequency. The results indicate that EFL instructors’ collocational frequency intuitions correlate strongly with an objective collocational frequency measure (t-score). The findings are likely to guide decision makers in tertiary level schools in constructing their vocabulary syllabi and designing materials for teaching collocations in particular.