bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences of embedding adipose-derived stromal cells in natural and synthetic scaffolds for dermal and subcutaneous delivery
Authors: Mamsen Frederik Penzien , Munthe-Fog Lea , Kring Mikela Karen Mungal , Duscher Dominik , Taudorf Mikkel , Katz Adam J. , Kølle Stig-Frederik Trojahn 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
In recent years, adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) have been heavily studied for soft tissue regeneration, augmentation, and dermal wound healing.

Methods
In this review, we investigated the trends in injectable scaffolds for ASC delivery in the dermis, and injectable or implantable scaffolds for ASC delivery in the subcutis. A total of 547 articles were screened across three databases; of these, 22 studies were found to be eligible and were included. The scaffolds were subdivided and analyzed based on their tissue placement (dermis or subcutis), delivery method (injected or implanted), and by the origin of the materials (natural, synthetic, and combinatory).

Results
ASCs embedded in scaffolds generally showed improved viability. Neovascularization in the transplanted tissue was greater when undifferentiated ASCs were embedded in a combinatory scaffold or if differentiated ASCs were embedded in a natural scaffold. ASCs embedded in natural materials underwent more adipogenic differentiation than ASCs embedded in synthetic scaffolds, indicating an etiologically unknown difference that has yet to be described. Increased mechanical strength of the scaffold material correlated with improved outcome measurements in the investigated studies. Wound healing studies reported reduced healing time in all except one article due to contraction of the control wounds.

Conclusions
In future clinical trials, we recommend embedding ASCs in injectable and implantable scaffolds for enhanced protection, retained viability, and improved therapeutic effects.

Trial registration
This review was registered with PROSPERO: ID=CRD42020171534.

Graphical abstract
The use of scaffolds as a vehicle for ASC delivery generally improved cell viability, angiogenesis, and wound healing in vivo compared to utilizing ASCs alone. ASCs embedded in natural materials induced more adipogenesis than ASCs embedded in synthetic materials. Adipogenic-induced ASCs further increased this effect. The included studies indicate that the seeded scaffold material influences the differentiation of ASCs in vivo. All studies investigating the mechanical strength of ASC scaffolds reported improved outcome measurements with improved mechanical strength. The results suggest that scaffolds, in general, are favorable for ASC delivery. We recommend initiating clinical studies using scaffolds based on mechanical properties and tunability to improve ASC viability. For fat regeneration, natural scaffolds are recommended.
Transplantation of retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors generated concomitantly via small molecule-mediated differentiation rescues visual function in rodent models of retinal degeneration
Authors: Surendran Harshini , Nandakumar Swapna , Reddy K Vijay Bhaskar , Stoddard Jonathan , Mohan K Varsha , Upadhyay Pramod K. , McGill Trevor J. , Pal Rajarshi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a result of degeneration/damage of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) while retinitis pigmentosa (RP), an inherited early-onset disease, results from premature loss of photoreceptors. A promising therapeutic approach for both is the replacement of lost/damaged cells with human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived retinal cells.

Methods
The aim of this study was to investigate the in vivo functionality of RPE and photoreceptor progenitor (PRP) cells derived from a clinical-grade hiPSC line through a unified protocol. De novo-generated RPE and PRP were characterized extensively to validate their identity, purity, and potency.

Results
RPE expressed tight junction proteins, showed pigmentation and ciliation, and secreted polarization-related factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF). PRP expressed neural retina proteins and cone and rod markers, and responded to KCl-induced polarization. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated an increase in the expression of mature retinal tissue-specific genes coupled with concomitant downregulation of genes from undesired lineages. RPE transplantation rescued visual function in RCS rats shown via optokinetic tracking and photoreceptor rescue. PRP transplantation improved light perception in NOD.SCID-rd1 mice, and positive electroretinography signals indicated functional photoreceptor activity in the host’s outer nuclear layer. Graft survival and integration were confirmed using immunohistochemistry, and no animals showed teratoma formation or any kind of ectopic growth in the eye.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a unified, scalable, and GMP-adaptable protocol indicating strong animal efficacy and safety data with hiPSC-derived RPE and PRP cells. These findings provide robust proof-of-principle results for IND-enabling studies to test these potential regenerative cell therapies in patients.
Characterization of efficient xylanases from industrial-scale pulp and paper wastewater treatment microbiota
Authors: Wang Jia , Liang Jiawei , Li Yonghong , Tian Lingmin , Wei Yongjun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractXylanases are widely used enzymes in the food, textile, and paper industries. Most efficient xylanases have been identified from lignocellulose-degrading microbiota, such as the microbiota of the cow rumen and the termite hindgut. Xylanase genes from efficient pulp and paper wastewater treatment (PPWT) microbiota have been previously recovered by metagenomics, assigning most of the xylanase genes to the GH10 family. In this study, a total of 40 GH10 family xylanase genes derived from a certain PPWT microbiota were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Among these xylanase genes, 14 showed xylanase activity on beechwood substrate. Two of these, PW-xyl9 and PW-xyl37, showed high activities, and were purified to evaluate their xylanase properties. Values of optimal pH and temperature for PW-xyl9 were pH 7 and 60 ℃, respectively, while those for PW-xyl37 were pH 7 and 55 ℃, respectively; their specific xylanase activities under optimal conditions were 470.1 U/mg protein and 113.7 U/mg protein, respectively. Furthermore, the Km values of PW-xyl9 and PW-xyl37 were determined as 8.02 and 18.8 g/L, respectively. The characterization of these two xylanases paves the way for potential application in future pulp and paper production and other industries, indicating that PPWT microbiota has been an undiscovered reservoir of efficient lignocellulase genes. This study demonstrates that a metagenomic approach has the potential to screen efficient xylanases of uncultured microorganisms from lignocellulose-degrading microbiota. In a similar way, other efficient lignocellulase genes might be identified from PPWT treatment microbiota in the future.
Relationship between lipoprotein concentrations and short-term and 1-year mortality in intensive care unit septic patients: results from the HIGHSEPS study
Authors: Tanaka Sébastien , Stern Jules , Bouzid Donia , Robert Tiphaine , Dehoux Monique , Snauwaert Aurélie , Zappella Nathalie , Cournot Maxime , Lortat-Jacob Brice , Augustin Pascal , Atchade Enora , Tran-Dinh Alexy , Meilhac Olivier , Montravers Philippe 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs), particles characterized by their reverse cholesterol transport function, display pleiotropic properties, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions. Moreover, all lipoproteins (HDLs but also low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)) neutralize lipopolysaccharides, leading to increased bacterial clearance. These two lipoproteins decrease during sepsis, and an association between low lipoprotein levels and poor outcome was reported. The goals of this study were to characterize the lipid profile of septic patients hospitalized in our intensive care unit (ICU) and to determine the relationship with the outcome.

Methods
A prospective observational study was conducted in a university hospital ICU. All consecutive patients admitted for septic shock or sepsis were included. Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride levels were assessed at admission (day 1), at day 3, and at ICU discharge. When available, a prehospitalization lipid profile collected prior to the patient’s hospitalization was compiled. Short-term and 1-year prognostic outcomes were prospectively assessed.

Results
A total of 205 patients were included. We found a decrease in HDL-C concentration between previous values and those at admission, followed by an additional decrease at day 3. At ICU discharge, the concentration was higher than that at day 3 but did not reach the concentration measured prior to hospitalization (prior HDL-C = 1.22 (1.04–1.57) mmol/l; day 1 HDL-C = 0.44 (0.29–0.70) mmol/l; day 3 HDL-C = 0.30 (0.25–0.48) mmol/l; and HDL-C at discharge = 0.65 (0.42–0.82) mmol/l). A similar trend was found for LDL-C (prior LDL-C = 2.7 (1.91–3.33) mmol/l; day 1 LDL-C = 1.0 (0.58–1.50) mmol/l; day 3 LDL-C = 1.04 (0.64–1.54) mmol/l; and LDL-C at discharge = 1.69 (1.26–2.21) mmol/l). Mixed models for repeated measures of lipoprotein concentrations showed a significant difference in HDL-C and LDL-C concentrations over time between survivors and nonsurvivors at day 28. An HDL-C concentration at admission of less than 0.4 mmol/l was associated with increased mortality at day 28 (log-rank test, p = 0.034) but not at 1 year (log-rank test, p = 0.24). An LDL-C concentration at admission of less than 0.72 mmol/l was associated with increased mortality at day 28 and at 1 year (log-rank test, p < 0.001 and p = 0.007, respectively). No link was found between prior lipid profile and mortality.

Conclusions
We showed no relationship between the prehospitalization lipid profile and patient outcome, but low lipoprotein levels in the ICU were strongly associated with short-term mortality.
Complete moment convergence of moving average processes for m-WOD sequence
Authors: Guan Lihong , Xiao Yushan , Zhao Yanan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the complete moment convergence for the partial sum of moving average processes $\{X_{n}=\sum_{i=-\infty }^{\infty }a_{i}Y_{i+n},n\geq 1\}$
{

X
n

=

∑

i
=
−
∞

∞

a
i

Y

i
+
n

,
n
≥
1
}
is established under some mild conditions, where $\{Y_{i},-\infty < i<\infty \}$
{

Y
i

,
−
∞
<
i
<
∞
}
is a sequence of m-widely orthant dependent (m-WOD, for short) random variables which is stochastically dominated by a random variable Y, and $\{a_{i},-\infty < i<\infty \}$
{

a
i

,
−
∞
<
i
<
∞
}
is an absolutely summable sequence of real numbers. These conclusions promote and improve the corresponding results from m-extended negatively dependent (m-END, for short) sequences to m-WOD sequences.
Minimal set of periods for continuous self-maps of the eight space
Authors: Llibre Jaume , Sá Ana 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLet $G_{k}$

G
k

be a bouquet of circles, i.e., the quotient space of the interval $[0,k]$
[
0
,
k
]
obtained by identifying all points of integer coordinates to a single point, called the branching point of $G_{k}$

G
k

. Thus, $G_{1}$

G
1

is the circle, $G_{2}$

G
2

is the eight space, and $G_{3}$

G
3

is the trefoil. Let $f: G_{k} \to G_{k}$
f
:

G
k

→

G
k

be a continuous map such that, for $k>1$
k
>
1
, the branching point is fixed.If $\operatorname{Per}(f)$
Per
(
f
)
denotes the set of periods of f, the minimal set of periods of f, denoted by $\operatorname{MPer}(f)$
MPer
(
f
)
, is defined as $\bigcap_{g\simeq f} \operatorname{Per}(g)$

⋂

g
≃
f

Per
(
g
)
where $g:G_{k}\to G_{k}$
g
:

G
k

→

G
k

is homological to f.The sets $\operatorname{MPer}(f)$
MPer
(
f
)
are well known for circle maps. Here, we classify all the sets $\operatorname{MPer}(f)$
MPer
(
f
)
for self-maps of the eight space.
Prognostic role of PHYH for overall survival (OS) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)
Authors: Zhengqi Qiu , Zezhi Guo , Lei Jiang , He Qiu , Jinyao Pan , Ying Ao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study attempts to evaluate the prognostic role of PHYH for overall survival (OS) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) by means of publicly available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Clinical pathologic features and PHYH expression were downloaded from the TCGA database and relationships between them were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and gene–gene interactions were also performed between tissues with different PHYH expression levels. PHYH expression levels were significantly lower in patient with ccRCC compared with normal tissues (p = 1.156e−19). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that high expression of PHYH had a better prognosis than low expression (p = 9e−05). Moreover, PHYH expression was also significantly associated with high grade (G2-4, p = 0.025), high stage (StageIII & IV, p = 5.604e−05), and high level of stage_T (T3-4, p = 4.373e−05). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses indicated that PHYH could be acted as an independent prognostic factor (p < 0.05). Nomogram including clinical pathologic features and PHYH expression were also provided. GSEA revealed that butanoate metabolism, histidine metabolism, propanoate metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, PPAR signalling pathway, and renin–angiotensin system were differentially enriched in PHYH high-expression phenotype. ICGC database was utilized to verify the expression level and survival benefit of PHYH (both p < 0.05). We suspect that elevated PHYH expression may be served as a potential prognostic molecular marker of better survival in ccRCC. Besides, alpha-oxidation was closely regulated by PHYH, and PPAR signalling, pyruvate metabolism, butanoate metabolism, and RAS might be the key pathways regulated by PHYH in CCRC.
Avoiding a Med-Wreck: a structured medication reconciliation framework and standardized auditing tool utilized to optimize patient safety and reallocate hospital resources
Authors: Elbeddini Ali , Almasalkhi Sarah , Prabaharan Thulasika , Tran Cindy , Gazarin Mohamed , Elshahawi Ahmed 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The incidence of preventable adverse drug events (ADE) is approximately one medication error per patient per hospital-day. A quality medication reconciliation (MedRec) process is a crucial intervention used to reduce ADE in the hospital and community setting. Amid the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, preventing medication errors is vital to avoid patient readmission, reduce disease complications, and reduce cost and patient burden on the healthcare system.

Objectives
To develop a standardized MedRec framework that can be implemented in all healthcare settings to reduce patient and staff harm during COVID-19. Also, to create a standardized auditing tool used to assess the quality of the MedRec process and allow for continuous quality improvement.

Methods
A multi-site gap analysis (MGA) was performed to collect observational data that were collected from four different healthcare sites (two hospitals, a long-term care facility, and a community pharmacy). MGA consists of collecting data across several sites which answer a standardized questionnaire. A standardized MedRec framework and auditing tool were developed based on the gaps observed in each site and literature reviews.

Results
A standardized MedRec process was not implemented in any of the observed sites. The healthcare sites lacked a designated MedRec team and training related to the MedRec process leading to multiple discrepancies at discharge. Patients were not counselled on changes to home medications, and a discharge report was often not provided upon discharge. Communication mechanisms between community pharmacies and hospital physicians are not available or easily accessible.

Conclusion
The proposed structured MedRec framework is vital to reduce medication errors and patient harm amid COVID-19. Moreover, the comprehensive auditing tool developed in this study allows for continuous quality improvement resulting in superior quality care, reduction of workflow inefficiencies, cost savings on hospital readmissions, and overall enhanced healthcare system performance.
Glymphatic system, AQP4, and their implications in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Silva Inês , Silva Jéssica , Ferreira Rita , Trigo Diogo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLacking conventional lymphatic system, the central nervous system requires alternative clearance systems, such as the glymphatic system, which promotes clearance of interstitial solutes. Aquaporin-4 water channels (AQP4) are an integral part of this system and related to neuropathologies, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The clearance of Alzheimer’s associated proteins amyloid β and tau is diminished by glymphatic system impairment, due to lack of AQP4. Even though AQP4 mislocalisation (which affects its activity) is a phenotype of AD, it remains a controversial topic, as it is still unclear if it is a phenotype-promoting factor or a consequence of this pathology. This review provides important and updated knowledge about glymphatic system, AQP4 itself, and their link with Alzheimer’s disease. Finally, AQP4 as a therapeutic target is proposed to ameliorate Alzheimer’s Disease and other neuropathologies AQP4-related.
The curious case of C-88: impacts of a potato variety on farmers in Yunnan, China
Authors: Myrick Stephanie , Pradel Willy , Li Canhui , Suarez Victor , Hareau Guy , Larochelle Catherine , Norton George W. , Alwang Jeffrey 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Limited analysis has been conducted of the role of agricultural research in promoting Chinese agricultural growth in less-favored areas. This paper analyzes how a particular potato variety generates benefits to producers and discusses how these benefits may have contributed to poverty reduction in Yunnan province. Cooperation 88 (C88) is a high-yielding, late blight-resistant variety that was developed through a partnership between the International Potato Center and Yunnan Normal University in Kunming, China.

Methods
Qualitative and quantitative methods are used to analyze determinants of adoption of C88, and to estimate impacts of adoption on producer well-being. A unique farm-household database is used to document the determinants of C88 adoption and disadoption. The quantitative assessment is supplemented with a qualitative analysis of the potato value chain to understand how seed availability and concern for processing attributes contributed to and eventually constrained diffusion. Market-level information was used in an economic surplus model to quantify the substantial economic impact of C88 over 20 years since its release.

Results
C88 spread rapidly in Yunnan following its release and was widely adopted by commercially oriented farmers. Disadoption began after 2010 with limited seed availability driving the shift toward newer varieties. Farmers, however, appreciate the ease of marketing, the 15% higher yields, and late-blight resistance associated with C88 suggesting that seed constraints are countervailing the economic benefits of the variety. Total impact on Yunnan potato farmers of the variety was estimated to be around $2.5 billion for the 1996–2015 period.

Conclusions
On per-person terms among C88 growing farm households, the economic advantage of the variety is likely to have contributed to poverty reduction. The aggregate impact of C88 diffusion occurred during a period of rapid poverty reduction in Yunnan and yield and disease-resistance benefits of C88 likely contributed to this reduction.
Seismic illumination of small-throw seismogenic faults, Anadarko Basin, Oklahoma
Authors: Patel Swetal , Kolawole Folarin , Walter Jacob I. , Chen Xiaowei , Marfurt Kurt J. 
Published: January 2021

Substantial increase in the occurrence of injection-induced seismicity across Central and Eastern United States in the past decade, has highlighted a need for novel approaches to geophysical subsurface imaging of potentially seismogenic faults. Active clusters of seismicity illuminate linear fault segments within the sedimentary cover and crystalline basement that were unknown until seismicity began. Such surprises are due to the limited availability of 3D seismic reflection surveys and the difficulty of imaging relatively shallow earthquake events from sparse seismic monitoring arrays. The Sooner Trend Anadarko Basin Canadian Kingfisher Counties (STACK) play of the Anadarko Basin, Oklahoma, provides an opportunity to investigate these earthquake-prone basement faults. Modern high-quality seismic data acquired to map unconventional resource plays in the STACK enable us to assess the detailed subsurface structure. Furthermore, because of increased earthquake risk from anthropogenic activities in the past decade, state regulatory agencies have deployed a dense array of seismic monitoring stations, which allows us to integrate earthquake data with seismic reflection data for analysis of active faulting. We have mapped structural deformation using a suite of seismic attributes, including multispectral coherence, volumetric curvature, and aberrancy, in a 3D seismic reflection data set covering 625 sq mi of the STACK area. To unravel the relationship between the structures and seismicity, we use relocated locally recorded earthquakes and compute the focal mechanism solution for the events. Our results reveal previously unmapped small-throw (<120 m) fault segments with dominant north–south, northwest, and northeast trends, most of which extend from the basement up into the shallower sedimentary Hunton and Woodford Formations. Because of the small offset, we find that aberrancy and the curvature attribute best illuminate the basement-rooted faults in the sedimentary cover. Fault segments with significant vertical offset are better illuminated by band-limited multispectral coherence. We argue that the inherited structure of these faults makes them mostly illuminable by flexure-related seismic attributes, especially within the sedimentary cover. The integration of the illuminated faults with relocated earthquakes and focal mechanism solutions shows that the illuminated faults that have hosted intrasedimentary and/or basement seismicity are reactivated by strike-slip faulting. We hypothesize that careful attribute mapping of faults and related flexures, integrated with recent seismic activity data, and an understanding of the local stress and geomechanical properties, can help mitigate seismic hazards in similar intraplate geological settings where small-throw faults predominate.