bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS)
Authors: Liu A. , Bulbul E. , Ghirardini V. , Liu T. , Klein M. , Clerc N. , Özsoy Y. , Ramos-Ceja M. E. , Pacaud F. , Comparat J. , Okabe N. , Bahar Y. E. , Biffi V. , Brunner H. , Brüggen M. , Buchner J. , Ider Chitham J. , Chiu I. , Dolag K. , Gatuzz E. , Gonzalez J. , Hoang D. N. , Lamer G. , Merloni A. , Nandra K. , Oguri M. , Ota N. , Predehl P. , Reiprich T. H. , Salvato M. , Schrabback T. , Sanders J. S. , Seppi R. , Thibaud Q. 
Published: September 2021

Aims.The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey has been carried out during the performance verification phase of the Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma/eROSITA telescope and was completed in November 2019. This survey is designed to provide the first eROSITA-selected sample of clusters and groups and to test the predictions for the all-sky survey in the context of cosmological studies with clusters of galaxies.Methods.In the area of ~140 square degrees covered by eFEDS, 542 candidate clusters and groups of galaxies were detected as extended X-ray sources with theeSASSsource detection algorithm. We performed imaging and spectral analysis of the 542 cluster candidates with eROSITA X-ray data and studied the properties of the sample.Results.We provide the catalog of candidate galaxy clusters and groups detected by eROSITA in the eFEDS field down to a flux of ~10–14erg s–1cm–2in the soft band (0.5–2 keV) within 1’. The clusters are distributed in the redshift range ɀ=[0.01, 1.3] with a median redshift ɀmedian= 0.35. With eROSITA X-ray data, we measured the temperature of the intracluster medium within two radii, 300 kpc and 500 kpc, and constrained the temperature with >2σconfidence level for ~1/5 (102 out of 542) of the sample. The average temperature of these clusters is ~2 keV. Radial profiles of flux, luminosity, electron density, and gas mass were measured from the precise modeling of the imaging data. The selection function, the purity, and the completeness of the catalog are examined and discussed in detail. The contamination fraction is ~1/5 in this sample and is dominated by misidentified point sources. The X-ray luminosity function of the clusters agrees well with the results obtained from other recent X-ray surveys. We also find 19 supercluster candidates in this field, most of which are located at redshifts between 0.1 and 0.5, including one cluster at ɀ ~ 0.36 that was presented previously.Conclusions.The eFEDS cluster and group catalog at the final eRASS equatorial depth provides a benchmark proof of concept for the eROSITA All-Sky Survey extended source detection and characterization. We confirm the excellent performance of eROSITA for cluster science and expect no significant deviations from our pre-launch expectations for the final all-sky survey.
Chemical evolution of the Galactic bulge as traced by microlensed dwarf and subgiant stars
Authors: Bensby T. , Gould A. , Asplund M. , Feltzing S. , Meléndez J. , Johnson J. A. , Lucatello S. , Udalski A. , Yee J. C. 
Published: September 2021

Context. Next to H and He, carbon is, together with oxygen, the most abundant element in the Universe and widely used when modelling the formation and evolution of galaxies and their stellar populations. For the Milky Way bulge, there are currently essentially no measurements of carbon in un-evolved stars, hampering our abilities to properly compare Galactic chemical evolution models to observational data for this still enigmatic stellar population.
Aims. We aim to determine carbon abundances for our sample of 91 microlensed dwarf and subgiant stars in the Galactic bulge. Together with new determinations for oxygen this forms the first statistically significant sample of bulge stars that have C and O abundances measured, and for which the C abundances have not been altered by the nuclear burning processes internal to the stars.
Methods. Our analysis is based on high-resolution spectra for a sample of 91 dwarf and subgiant stars that were obtained during microlensing events when the brightnesses of the stars were highly magnified. Carbon abundances were determined through spectral line synthesis of six C I lines around 9100 Å, and oxygen abundances using the three O I lines at about 7770 Å. One-dimensional (1D) MARCS model stellar atmospheres calculated under the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) were used, and non-LTE corrections were applied when calculating the synthetic spectra for both C and O.
Results. Carbon abundances was possible to determine for 70 of the 91 stars in the sample and oxygen abundances for 88 of the 91 stars in the sample. The [C/Fe] ratio evolves essentially in lockstep with [Fe/H], centred around solar values at all [Fe/H]. The [O/Fe]–[Fe/H] trend has an appearance very similar to that observed for other α-elements in the bulge, with the exception of a continued decrease in [O/Fe] at super-solar [Fe/H], where other α-elements tend to level out. When dividing the bulge sample into two sub-groups, one younger than 8 Gyr and one older than 8 Gyr, the stars in the two groups follow exactly the elemental abundance trends defined by the solar neighbourhood thin and thick disks, respectively. Comparisons with recent models of Galactic chemical evolution in the [C/O]–[O/H] plane show that the models that best match the data are the ones that have been calculated with the Galactic thin and thick disks in mind.
Conclusions. We conclude that carbon, oxygen, and the combination of the two support the idea that the majority of the stars in the Galactic bulge have a secular origin; that is, they are formed from disk material. We cannot exclude that a fraction of stars in the bulge could be classified as a classical bulge population, but it would have to be small. More dedicated and advanced models of the inner region of the Milky Way are needed to make more detailed comparisons to the observations.
Study of PVI-based diagnostics for 1D time-series in space plasma
Authors: Finelli F. , Perri S. , Sisti M. , Califano F. 
Published: September 2021

Context. In the last few decades, increasing evidence has been found in both numerical studies and high-resolution in situ data that magnetic turbulence spontaneously generates coherent structures over a broad range of scales. Those structures play a key role in energy conversion because they are sites where magnetic energy is locally dissipated in plasma heating and particle energization. How much turbulent energy is dissipated via processes such as magnetic reconnection of thin coherent structures, namely current sheets, remains an open question.
Aims. We aim to develop semi-automated methods for detecting reconnection sites over multiple spatial scales. This is indeed pivotal in advancing our knowledge of plasma dissipation mechanisms and for future applications to space data.
Methods. By means of hybrid–Vlasov–Maxwell 2D–3V simulations, we combine three methods based on the partial variance of increments measured at a broad range of spatial scales and on the current density, which together, and in a synergistic way, provide indications as to the presence of sites of magnetic reconnection. We adopt the virtual satellite method, which in upcoming works will allow us to easily extend this analysis to in situ time-series.
Results. We show how combining standard threshold analysis to a 2D scalogram based on magnetic field increments represents an efficient diagnostic for recognizing reconnecting structure in 1D spatial- and time-series. This analysis can serve as input to automated machine-learning algorithms.
Biomarker-stratifizierte Therapie des nichtkleinzelligen Lungenkarzinoms
Authors: Griesinger Frank , Thomas Michael 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Behandlung des nichtkleinzelligen Lungenkarzinoms (NSCLC) sollte in der palliativen Situation auf Basis von Biomarkern erfolgen. Hierzu wäre eine Testung aller Patienten im Stadium IV notwendig und in absehbarer Zeit auch in den frühen Stadien bedeutsam. In einer Konferenz unter Schirmherrschaft der Deutschen Krebsgesellschaft war eine sog. „Reflextestung“, unabhängig vom Tumorstadium, jedoch nicht konsensfähig. Der Beitrag fasst die Ergebnisse zusammen und diskutiert Wege zur effizienten Biomarker-Analyse beim NSCLC.
Terminservicestellen für die fachärztliche
Terminvermittlung – Wie wirksam sind sie wirklich?
Authors: Sobiech-Eruhimovic Bella , Militzer-Horstmann Carsta , Martin David 
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Zur Reduktion von Wartezeiten im ambulanten
fachärztlichen Bereich sind seit dem 23.01.2016 Terminservicestellen
(TSS) aktiv. Diese sollen Facharzttermine mit Dringlichkeitsüberweisung
telefonisch innerhalb von vier Wochen an gesetzlich Versicherte vermitteln. Die
Studie präsentiert erstmalig eine Analyse des Buchungsverhaltens der TSS
für die fachärztliche Vermittlung (VM) in Westfalen-Lippe (WL),
sowie einen Vergleich des Anteils der Facharztgruppen (FG) bei
fachärztlichen Überweisungen (ÜW) an den
Gesamtfacharztüberweisungen (GFA-ÜW) mit dem Anteil der
jeweiligen FG an den fachärztlichen TSS-Vermittlungen (TSS-VM). Zudem
stellt sie die Leistungen der Nervenärzte auf Basis von ÜW mit
TSS-VM denjenigen ohne TSS-VM gegenüber.
Methode Für die Evaluation der Entwicklung der TSS-VM wurden die
Buchungsdaten der TSS vom zweiten Quartal 2016 bis zum dritten Quartal 2019
ausgewertet. Aufgrund eines fehlenden Schlüssels zur Verknüpfung
der TSS- und Abrechnungsdaten erfolgte die Bestimmung des Leistungsspektrums der
TSS-VM mittels eines selbstentwickelten Algorithmus, indem 24.286.157
Abrechnungsdatensätze mit 12.648 fachärztlichen
TSS-Datensätzen der Kassenärztlichen Vereinigung WL abgeglichen
wurden.
Ergebnis Für 84% der (größtenteils zwischen
35-59-jährigen) Anrufer mit VM-Anspruch kommt es zu einer TSS-VM mit
durchschnittlich 21 Tagen Wartezeit. Am häufigsten werden Termine bei
den Bedarfsplanungsgruppen Nervenärzten (insbes. Neurologen),
Fachinternisten und Radiologen vermittelt. 45% der TSS-VM erfolgen zu
Nervenärzten, obwohl diese nur 4% der GFA-ÜW in WL
ausmachen. Es gibt nur wenige Unterschiede in der Leistungsinanspruchnahme bei
Nervenarztterminen mit und ohne TSS-VM. Statistisch signifikant ist die
höhere Inanspruchnahme der psychotherapeutischen Erstabklärung
im Rahmen der TSS-VM. Der Effekt ist jedoch klein.
Schlussfolgerungen Die TSS in WL kann ihren Auftrag zur VM von dringenden
Facharztterminen gesetzlich Versicherter erfüllen, auch wenn ihre
Nutzung recht gering (0,19% der GFA-ÜW) ist. Die
durchschnittliche Wartezeit bei den TSS-VM liegt deutlich unter der gesetzlich
vorgegebenen. Patienten beziehen jedoch auch weitere Faktoren in die
Terminfindung mit ein. Auch wenn der Nutzen der TSS insbesondere für
drei FG darstellbar ist, sollte weiter diskutiert werden, ob die TSS in der
bisherigen Ausgestaltung sinnvoll sind. Die vorliegende Studie liefert sowohl
methodisch als auch inhaltlich eine Evaluationsbasis und erste Impulse
für eine Endscheidungsfindung.
Prognostic factors associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding based on the French multicenter SANGHRIA trial
Authors: Quentin Vincent , Remy André-Jean , Macaigne Gilles , Leblanc-Boubchir Rachida , Arpurt Jean-Pierre , Prieto Marc , Koudougou Carelle , Tsakiris Laurent , Grasset Denis , Vitte René-Louis , Cuen David , Verlynde Juliette , Elriz Khaldoun , Ripault Marie-Pierre , Ehrhard Florent , Baconnier Mathieu , Herrmann Sofia , Talbodec Nathalie , Lam You-Heng , Bideau Karine , Costes Laurent , Skinazi Florence , Touze Ivan , Heresbach Denis , Lahmek Pierre , Nahon Stéphane ,   Members of the Association Nationale des Hépato-gastroentérologues des Hôpitaux Généraux (ANGH) SANGHRIA Study Group
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Prognostic and risk factors for upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) might have changed overtime because of the increased use of direct oral anticoagulants and improved gastroenterological care. This study was undertaken to assess the outcomes of UGIB in light of these new determinants by establishing a new national, multicenter cohort 10 years after the first.
Methods Consecutive outpatients and inpatients with UGIB symptoms consulting at 46 French general hospitals were prospectively included between November 2017 and October 2018. They were followed for at least for 6 weeks to assess 6-week rebleeding and mortality rates and factors associated with each event.
Results Among the 2498 enrolled patients (mean age 68.5 [16.3] years, 67.1 % men), 74.5 % were outpatients and 21 % had cirrhosis. Median Charlson score was 2 (IQR 1–4) and Rockall score was 5 (IQR 3–6). Within 24 hours, 83.4 % of the patients underwent endoscopy. The main causes of bleeding were peptic ulcers (44.9 %) and portal hypertension (18.9 %). The early in-hospital rebleeding rate was 10.5 %. The 6-week mortality rate was 12.5 %. Predictors significantly associated with 6-week mortality were initial transfusion (OR 1.54; 95 %CI 1.04–2.28), Charlson score > 4 (OR 1.80; 95 %CI 1.31–2.48), Rockall score > 5 (OR 1.98; 95 %CI 1.39–2.80), being an inpatient (OR 2.45; 95 %CI 1.76–3.41) and rebleeding (OR 2.6; 95 %CI 1.85–3.64). Anticoagulant therapy was not associated with dreaded outcomes.
Conclusions The 6-week mortality rate remained high after UGIB, especially for inpatients. Predictors of mortality underlined the weight of comorbidities on outcomes.
Auswirkungen der Corona Pandemie auf die Notfallversorgung im
Kindesalter und die zeitliche Entwicklung im Verlauf der
Pandemie.
Authors: Elrod Julia , Mahaleh Simin , Mohr Christoph , Boettcher Michael , Dietze Nina , Hübner Uwe , Koch Bernward , Steinbrink Annika , Harandipour Nasanin , Gräfin von Waldersee Elisabeth , Shahsavari Sadaf , Reinshagen Konrad , Königs Ingo 
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die COVID-19 Pandemie hat zu massiven gesellschaftlichen
und wirtschaftlichen Einschränkungen geführt. Im Kindesalter
wurden elektive Vorsorgeuntersuchung oftmals nicht wahrgenommen und es
zeigte sich eine Reduktion der Zahl der Notfallvorstellungen.
Material und Methoden In einer retrospektiven Studie erfolgte eine
quantitative Auswertung aller Notfallpatienten der 5 Kindernotaufnahmen
Hamburgs und der Kinder- und Jugendarztpraxen der Jahre 2019 und 2020.
Zusätzlich erfolgte die detaillierte Analyse der Notfallbehandlungen
des Altonaer Kinderkrankenhauses während der ersten Phase der
Pandemie im Vergleich zum Vorjahr. Zusammenhänge zu den Eckpunkten
der Pandemieentwicklung wurden analysiert. Die Berechnung signifikanter
Unterschiede in Bezug auf die demographischen Daten und Krankheitsbilder
erfolgte mittels Chi- Quadrat und t-Test.
Ergebnisse In allen 5 pädiatrischen Notaufnahmen Hamburgs
zeigte sich eine nahezu gleichförmige Abnahme der
Patientenvorstellungen während der Pandemie, ähnlich in den
Kinder- und Jugendarztpraxen. Die Zahl der Behandlungen verhielt sich dabei
nicht streng gegenläufig zu den Neuinfektionen, sondern korreliert
eher mit den Mobilitätsdaten und entsprach somit den
gesamtgesellschaftlichen Veränderungen. Während der Pandemie
stieg der Anteil häuslicher Unfälle an der Gesamtzahl der
Vorstellungen signifikant an. Die Analyse der Diagnosen zeigte unter anderem
eine relative Abnahme von (viralen) Infektionskrankheiten. Nicht
behandlungspflichtige Erkrankungen führten in der Pandemie seltener
zur Vorstellung. Diese Phänomene entlasteten einerseits die
Notaufnahmen, bergen aber auch die Gefahr, dass Erkrankungen durch Eltern
falsch eingeschätzt werden und eine notwendige ärztliche
Vorstellung somit zu spät erfolgt.
Assessment of a new score for capsule endoscopy in pediatric Crohnʼs disease (CE-CD)
Authors: Oliva Salvatore , Veraldi Silvio , Cucchiara Salvatore , Russo Giusy , Spagnoli Alessandra , Cohen Stanley Allen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Two scores have been implemented to standardize capsule endoscopic (CE) findings in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD): Lewis score (LS) and Capsule Endoscopy Crohnʼs Disease Activity Index (CECDAI). Both have limitations and are not well validated in the pediatric population. The aim of our study was to assess a new score (capsule endoscopy – Crohn’s disease index, CE-CD) in pediatric patients with CD and to compare it to preexisting scores.
Patients and methods This was a double-center, retrospective study involving pediatric subjects with CD who underwent CE. Correlation analyses between CE-CD, endoscopy scores and noninvasive markers of disease activities were performed. The ability of different CE scores to predict clinical and endoscopic outcomes was evaluated with regression and survival analyses.
Results A total of 312 subjects were analyzed. The CE-CD score showed a moderate (Pearson’s r = 0.581, P < 0.001) and strong (r = 0.909, P < 0.001) association with LS and CECDAI, respectively. CE-CD was a statistically significant predictor of hospitalization (hazard ratio [HR]1.061), treatment escalation (HR 1.062), steroid therapy (HR 1.082), clinical (HR 1.064) and endoscopic (HR 1.060) relapse over the twenty-four months (P < 0.001). Subjects with mucosal inflammation according to CE-CD (CE-CD ≥ 9) had worse outcomes compared to patients without inflammation (CE-CD < 9) (Log rang test < 0.001).
Conclusions The CE-CD score is a simple, reliable, reproducible, and predictive score for evaluation of small bowel inflammation in pediatric patients with CD. Prospective validation is needed to confirm the applicability of this new index in clinical practice.
A prospective study on quality in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP): trend in Italy from the REQUEST study
Authors: Donato Giulio , Occhipinti Pietro , Correale Loredana , Spadaccini Marco , Repici Alessandro , Anderloni Andrea , Fugazza Alessandro , Mosca Piergiorgio , Tringali Andrea , Costamagna Guido , Bulajic Milutin , de Pretis Giovanni , Gabbrielli Armando , Di Matteo Francesco Maria , Faggiani Roberto , Ayoubi Mohammad , De Luca Luca , Cantù Paolo , Blois Matteo , Dell’Amico Iginio , Maurano Attilio , Savarese Maria Flavia , Manes Giampiero , Ferraro Raffaella , Barberis Mauro , Hassan Cesare ,   The REQUEST Group
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a complex procedure with a relatively high rate of adverse events. Data on training of operators and fulfillment of quality indicators in Italy are scarce. The goal of this study was to assess the overall quality of ERCP in Italy compared to international standards.
Patients and methods This was a prospective, observational study from different Italian centers performing ERCP. Operators answered a questionnaire, then recorded data on ERCPs over a 1-to 3-month period.
Results Nineteen Italian centers participated in the study. The most common concern of operators about training was the lack of structured programs. Seven/19 centers routinely used conscious sedation for ERCP. Forty-one experienced operators and 21 trainees performed 766 ERCPs: a successful deep biliary cannulation in native-papilla patients was achieved in 95.1 % of cases; the post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) rate was 5.4 % in native-papilla patients; cholangitis rate was 1.0 %; bleeding and perforation occurred in 2.7 % and 0.4 % of the patients, respectively.
Conclusions This study revealed that, overall, ERCP is performed in the participating Italian centers meeting good quality standards, but structured training and sedation practice are still subpar. The bleeding and perforation rate slightly exceeded the American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy indicator targets but they are comparable to the reported rates from other international surveys.
Reliability of Corneal, Epithelial, and Stromal Thickness Mapping for a 9-mm Zone Using Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Krause Daniel , Mohr Niklas , Shajari Mehdi , Mayer Wolfgang J. , Priglinger Siegfried , Luft Nikolaus 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the reliability of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT; RTVue XR; Optovue, Inc., Fremont, CA, USA) for thickness mapping of the entire cornea (CT), corneal epithelium (ET). and corneal stroma (ST) over a 9-mm zone in healthy eyes. We sought to develop reference values for different age groups and elucidate potential sex- and age-dependent characteristics of corneal sublayer pachymetry maps.
Methods Three consecutive SD-OCT scans were obtained in 166 healthy right eyes (mean age = 50 ± 20 years). The thickness maps contain 25 sectors over a 9-mm diameter zone. To test measurement reliability, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), coefficients of variation (CoV), and within-subject standard deviations (WSSD) were calculated.
Results CT, ET, and ST ICCs ranged from 0.961 to 0.998, 0.896 to 0.945, and 0.955 to 0.998, respectively. CoV values for CT, ET, and ST ranged between 0.3 and 1.5%, 1.6 and 4.2%, and 0.4 and 1.7%, respectively. WSSD ranged from 6 to 41, 4 to 8, and 7 to 46 µm, respectively. A negative correlation was found between age and ET (p < 0.05) but not between age and ST or CT. No gender-related differences in CT, ET, or ST were detected. CoV of CT, ET, and ST measurements showed a positive correlation with age in 28, 64, and 28% of the sectors, respectively.
Conclusion SD-OCT is a rapid and noninvasive technique that provides excellent reliability for corneal sublayer thickness measurements over a 9-mm zone. The reliability of the ET measurement seems to be negatively affected by age. Peripheral CT and global ET thin with age.
Ernährungsarmut bei Kindern – Ursachen, Folgen, COVID-19
Authors: Biesalski Hans Konrad 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDie SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie hat zu lang anhaltenden Beschränkungen geführt, die vor allem Kinder in armen Familien besonders betrafen. Nicht nur der psychische Druck, die fehlenden sozialen Kontakte, die immer wieder kommuniziert werden, sondern auch eine unzureichende Ernährung hat Folgen für die Kinder. Letzteres wird aber bisher übersehen, da schwer vorstellbar. Kinder aus armen Verhältnissen sind bereits vor den Schließungen der Schulen und damit auch der Schulmensen in vielen Fällen nicht ausreichend ernährt. Eine gesunde Ernährung, wie sie Kinder vor allem in den Entwicklungsphasen brauchen, kann mit den verfügbaren Mitteln des ALGII nicht finanziert werden. Kommt eine Lockdown-Situation dazu, so wird der finanzielle Rahmen für Lebensmittel noch enger und die ausfallende Schulverpflegung verschärft die Situation einer Mangelernährung bei Kindern aus armen Verhältnissen. In Deutschland sind dies derzeit 21 %, die vorwiegend bei alleinerziehenden Müttern (53 %) leben. Die Folgen sind auch in Deutschland sichtbar, Wachstumsverzögerung und eingeschränkte kognitive Entwicklung. Ursache sind fehlende Mikronährstoffe (Eisen, Zink, Jod, Vitamin D), die für die körperliche und kognitive Entwicklung gebraucht werden. Die Erhöhung des Tagessatzes für Ernährung (4,01 €) auf 5,50 € ist ebenso eine dringend gebotene Maßnahme, wie eine Alternative zur Schulspeisung, wenn die Schulen geschlossen sind.