bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel benzofurane-pyrazole derivatives with anti-inflammatory, cyclooxygenase inhibitory and cytotoxicity evaluation
Authors: Sahin Zafer , Özhan Yağmur , Sipahi Hande , Biltekin Sevde Nur , Yurttaş Leyla , Berk Barkin , Demirayak Şeref 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Novel benzofurane-pyrazolone hybrids have been synthesized for evaluating their anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic properties. 4-(2-chloroacetyl)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one were reacted with α-hydroxy aldehyde or α-hydroxy ketone derivatives to obtain nine novel pyrazolone derivatives. Structures were successfully elucidated by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and HRMS. Enzyme inhibitory activity was measured on cyclooxygenases (COXs) as considered to address anti-inflammatory activity. Compound 2 showed the highest activity on both COX-1 and COX-2 subtypes with 12.0 μM and 8.0 μM IC50, respectively. This activity was found close to indomethacin COX-2 inhibition measured as 7.4 μM IC50. Rest of the compounds (1, 3–9) showed 10.4–28.1 μM IC50 on COX-2 and 17.0–35.6 μM IC50 on COX-1 (Compound 1 has no activity on COX-1). Tested compounds (1–9) showed activity on NO production. Only compound was the 4, which showed a low inhibition on IL-6 levels. Cell viability was up to 60% at 100 μM for all compounds (1–9) on RAW 264.7 and NIH3T3 cell lines, thus compounds were reported to be noncytotoxic.
Faster Repetition Rate Sharpens the Cortical Representation of Echo Streams in Echolocating Bats
Authors: Macias Silvio , Bakshi Kushal , Smotherman Michael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThere is consensus that primary auditory cortex (A1) utilizes a combination of rate codes and temporally precise population codes to represent discreet auditory objects. During the response to auditory streams, forward suppression constrains cortical rate coding strategies, but it may also be well positioned to enhance temporal coding strategies that rely on synchronized firing across neural ensembles. Here, we exploited the rapid temporal dynamics of bat echolocation to investigate how forward suppression modulates the cortical ensemble representation of complex acoustic signals embedded in echo streams. We recorded from auditory cortex of anesthetized free-tailed bats while stimulating the auditory system with naturalistic biosonar pulse-echo sequences covering a range of pulse emission rates. As expected, increasing pulse repetition rate significantly reduced the number of spikes per echo stimulus, but it also increased spike timing precision and doubled the information gain. This increased spike-timing precision translated into more robust inter-neuronal synchronization patterns with >10-dB higher signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) at the ensemble level. We propose that forward suppression dynamically mediates a trade-off between the sensitive detection of isolated sounds versus precise spatiotemporal encoding of ongoing sound sequences in auditory cortex.
The Representational Dynamics of Sequential Perceptual Averaging
Authors: Do Jongrok , Eo Kang Yong , James Oliver , Lee Joonyeol , Kim Yee-Joon 
Published: December 2021

It is clear that humans can extract statistical information from streams of visual input, yet how our brain processes sequential images into the abstract representation of the mean feature value remains poorly explored. Using multivariate pattern analyses of electroencephalography recorded while human observers viewed 10 sequentially presented Gabors of different orientations to estimate their mean orientation at the end, we investigated sequential averaging mechanism by tracking the quality of individual and mean orientation as a function of sequential position. Critically, we varied the sequential variance of Gabor orientations to understand the neural basis of perceptual mean errors occurring during a sequential averaging task. We found that the mean-orientation representation emerged at specific delays from each sequential stimulus onset and became increasingly accurate as additional Gabors were viewed. Especially in frontocentral electrodes, the neural representation of mean orientation improved more rapidly and to a greater degree in less volatile environments, whereas individual orientation information was encoded precisely regardless of environmental volatility. The computational analysis of behavioral data also showed that perceptual mean errors arise from the cumulative construction of the mean orientation rather than the low-level encoding of individual stimulus orientation. Thus, our findings provide neural mechanisms to differentially accumulate increasingly abstract features from a concrete piece of information across the cortical hierarchy depending on environmental volatility.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe visual system extracts behaviorally relevant summary statistical representation by exploiting statistical regularity of the visual stream over time. However, how the neural representation of the abstract mean feature value develops in a temporally changing environment remains poorly identified. Here, we directly recover the mean orientation information of sequentially delivered Gabor stimuli with different orientations as a function of their positions in time. The mean orientation representation, which is regularly updated, becomes increasingly accurate with increasing sequential position especially in the frontocentral region. Further, perceptual mean errors arise from the cumulative process rather than the low-level stimulus encoding. Overall, our study reveals a role of higher cortical areas in integrating stimulus-specific information into increasingly abstract task-oriented information.
Sinus pilonidalis fisztuloszkópos kezelése gyermekekben
Authors: Fadgyas Balázs , Langer Márk , Ringwald Zoltán 
Published: December 2021

Összefoglaló.
Bevezetés: A sinus pilonidalis nehezen kezelhető, sok
szövődménnyel és recidívával járó betegség. A legtöbb műtéti eljárás többnapos
kórházi kezelést, munkából vagy iskolából való hiányzást követel.
Célkitűzés: Munkánk célja, hogy a PEPSiT- (pediatric
endoscopic pilonidal sinus treatment) műtétek eredményességét vizsgálja.
Módszer: Intézetünkben 2019–2020-ban PEPSiT-műtéten
átesett, 18 év alatti betegeket válogattunk be a vizsgálatba. Kizártuk a
cisztoszkóppal operált és kontrollra nem jelentkező betegeket. A szövődmények,
recidívák számát, a kórházi tartózkodás hosszát, a sebgyógyulás és a hétköznapi
aktivitáshoz való visszatérés idejét vizsgáltuk. Eredmények:
Betegeink többsége fiú (24 fiú, 4 lány), átlagéletkoruk 15,6 év volt. 28 betegen
31 PEPSiT-beavatkozást végeztünk (3 re-PEPSiT), 6 recidíva, 1 sebgennyedés
alakult ki. A betegek egy része egynapos ellátás keretében, míg a többség egy
éjszaka bentfekvés után tért haza (1,74 nap ápolási idő). A hétköznapi
aktivitáshoz 1,37 nap után tértek vissza, a gyógyulási idő 5,9 hét volt
átlagosan. Megbeszélés: A PEPSiT-beavatkozás minimálisan
invazív lehetőség, igen rövid kórházi tartózkodással. A betegek hamar térnek
vissza a szokott aktivitásukhoz, a korábbi sipolyon kívül újabb műtéti seb nem
alakul ki. A recidívaarány hasonló az egyéb technikákéhoz.
Következtetés: A PEPSiT-beavatkozás jól alkalmazható, a
recidívaarány csökkentése fontos. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(43): 1740–1743.
Summary.
Introduction: The treatment of pilonidal disease is often
challenging, due to frequent recurrences and adverse events. Most operative
treatments require a lengthy hospital stay, and absence from school or work.
Objective: We aimed towards assessing the effectivity of
PEPSiT (pediatric endoscopic pilonidal sinus treatment).
Method: In this study, we included patients subjected to
PEPSiT from 2019 to 2020 between ages 0–18 years. Patients operated via
cystoscope and patients who did not attend follow-up examinations were excluded.
Adverse events, recurrences, length of hospital stay, wound healing time and
return to everyday activity were assessed. Results: The
majority of our patients were male (24 male, 4 female), the mean age was 15.6
years. 31 PEPSiT operations were recorded on 28 patients (3 were redo
surgeries). 6 recurrences and 1 wound suppuration were documented. Some patients
were treated within the confines of one-day surgery, while most of them stayed
one night (mean length of stay was 1.74 days). Return to everyday activity was
an average 1.37 days, and mean wound healing time was 5.9 weeks.
Discussion: PEPSiT is a minimally invasive operative
approach with a very short hospital stay. Patients return to everyday activity
faster. New operative scarring does not happen apart from the preexisting
fistula opening. Recurrence rate is similar to that of other treatment
techniques. Conclusion: PEPSiT technique is applicable,
however, reduction of the recurrence rate is important. Orv Hetil. 2021;
162(43): 1740–1743.
Comparison of thigh muscle activations in single leg exercises: bench squat, step-up, airborne lunge
Authors: Çinarli Fahri S. , Çinarli Sena , Kafkas Emin 
Published: December 2021

Background and Study Aim. Single leg exercises have some advantages in terms of time, practice and energy costs. However, the activation values that occur in different single leg exercises can be used for training planning. The aim of this research was to examine the thigh muscle activation values during three different single leg exercises.
Materials and Methods. Ten healthy male volunteers who were students of the faculty of sports sciences participated in the study. In the study, the EMG ampilitude values of the vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), semitendinosus (SEM) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles were examined during Step-up, Bench Squat and Airborne Lunge exercises. At the same time, Quadriceps (VM+VL): Hamstring (SEM+BF) ratios were determined.
Results. Significant differences were detected in all thigh muscles in the ascent and descent phases (p<0.05). While the greatest activation for the quadriceps group was seen in the airborne lunge, the greatest activation for the hamstring group was detected in the bench squat. A statistically significant difference was found in terms of exercise practices in the quadriceps: hamstring (Q:H) ratio (F(2,18)=12.282, p=.003). It was seen that the most balanced exercise was bench squat (Q:H=2.55), and the most unbalanced exercise (agonist dominant) was airborne lunge (Q:H=5.51).
Conclusions. The findings show that the exercises examined can be selected depending on the purpose of the training. While bench squats can be preferred for more balanced co-activation the airborne lunge can be preferred for dominant knee extensors.
Analysis of Structures’ Orientations in Archaeoastronomy
Authors: Abril José M. 
Published: December 2021

In the scope of archaeoastronomy, the analysis of a large number of structures through the frequency histograms for their azimuths and declinations can identify singular patterns of orientation. Conclusions often rely on qualitative assessments. Quantitative assessments have been proposed by using as null hypothesis a pure random distribution of azimuths over the 360º horizon. In some cases, such as orientation of Christian churches, the histograms or spectra are composite, with peaks overlapping a continuous and not uniform background. This paper presents a methodology for assessing the statistical significance of the net area of a peak in the histogram in relation to the local background level. The spectra use Normal kernel functions. The background contribution is estimated from the area of the trapezoidal polygon under the peak, and it is interpreted as the probability parameter for a Binomial distribution. The methodology is illustrated with a real case study which includes the azimuth and declination histograms for a set of churches from southern Spain dedicated to the Virgin of the Assumption. The method is more restrictive than previous approaches.
El Atlántico, los inmigrantes y la transnacionalización de la enfermedad. Una nueva mirada sobre la epidemia de fiebre amarilla en Buenos Aires (1870-1871)
Authors: Rey Nicolás Fernán 
Published: December 2021

La presente investigación analiza la epidemia de fiebre amarilla que arribó a Buenos Aires en el año 1871. A raíz de la pandemia de COVID-19, que puso en jaque al mundo globalizado, se pretende buscar en el pasado los problemas que enfrentaron las sociedades cuando las pestes arribaron a sus puertas. En este caso, se analizan las veloces conexiones transoceánicas de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. A bordo de los buques no solo se transportaban personas, ideas y mercancías, sino también patógenos. A partir del enfoque trasnacional de la historia ambiental, se analizan las denuncias de la prensa porteña de la época, las memorias de la Junta Sanitaria del Puerto de Buenos Aires, las memorias de la Comisión Central de Inmigración, y artículos del periódico español Eco de Alicante, para establecer un vínculo entre la epidemia desatada hacia finales de 1870 en Barcelona, y la comenzada en Buenos Aires en 1871. Se concluye que, estando estos dos puertos conectados permanentemente entre sí, y ambos sujetos a las impericias a bordo de los buques, el hacinamiento de los pasajeros y el deficiente control de las autoridades sanitarias, la epidemia de fiebre amarilla de Buenos Aires puede haber arribado desde Barcelona y no solo desde Asunción, como se sostiene en la bibliografía consultada.
Abstract
This investigation analyses the yellow fever epidemic that arrived to Buenos Aires in the year 1871. Connected with the COVID-19 pandemic that defied the globalized world, it is intended to look in the past the problems that the societies faced when the plagues arrived at their front doors. In this case, the transoceanic connections that took place until the second half of the19th century will be analyzed. The ships not only transported people, ideas and cargo, but also pathogens inside them. From the transnational approach to environmental history, the newspapers’ reports, the memories of the Buenos Aires port health commission, those of the Central Immigration Commission, as well as articles from the Spanish newspaper Eco de Alicante will be analyzed, to stablish a connection between the epidemic developed in the end of 1870 in Barcelona the one that started in Buenos Aires in 1871. It is concluded that, being these two ports attached permanently and forced to face the shortcomings above the ships, such as the overcrowding of passengers and the deficient control of the sanitary authorities, the yellow fever epidemic of Buenos Aires could have arrived from Barcelona as well and not only from Asunción, as the consulted bibliography states.
Urolithiasis complicated by chronic obstructive pyelonephritis in patients with concomitant diseases of the cardiovascular system
Authors: Royuk R. V. , Yarovoy S. K. , Khomov R. A. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose of the study. To study the features of chronic obstructive pyelonephritis in patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis and concomitant diseases of the cardiovascular system.Materials and methods. The study included a total of 618 patients suffering from recurrent nephrolithiasis complicated by ChOP. The 3 groups were formed: the first (I) of them included 42 patients with ChOP and uncomplicated coronary heart disease (CHD); the second (II)- 38 patients with CHD complicated by chronic heart failure (CHF); III (control) group consisted of 24 respondents with recurrent urolithiasis.Results. The sample was dominated by men (78 %). In total, there were 474 (76.7 %) patients with intact cardiovascular system. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) suffered from 144 (23.3 %) patients, 38 (26.4 %) of whom had CHF of varying severity. Exacerbations of ChOP in patients of group I developed 1.5 times more often (once in 2.8-3 years) than in patients from the control group (on average after 18 months versus 28), and in group II almost annually (1 time in 13 months). In the entire cohort (n = 618), pyelonephritis was transformed into purulent-destructive in 19 (3.1 %) cases; with concomitant CVD, this complication developed in 7 (4.9 % of 144) cases, the remaining 12 (2.5 % of 474) respondents did not suffer from CVD. In group II, the purulent-destructive form occurred in 4 (10.5 %) patients; their share in the general group of patients with CVD was 2.8 % (the differences were significant - p < 0.05). Of the 19 patients with purulent-destructive pyelonephritis on the background of nephrolithiasis, more than a third (7 people - 36.8 %) had concomitant CHD, and of the 7 patients with this terrible complication that developed on the background of concomitant CHD, more than half (4 people - 57.1 %) had CHF of varying severity. The chemical composition of the urine samples was determined using a NICOLET iS10 spectral analyzer (Thermo scientific, USA). The stages of CHF were determined in accordance with the Strazhesco-Vasilenko classification [N. D. Strazhesco, V. H. Vasilenko, 1935]. Statistical data processing was carried out using the SPSS program 19. Absolute and relative indicators were calculated, as well as the exact Fisher criterion, taking into account the Bonferroni correction; the differences were considered reliable at p < 0.05.Conclusion. in patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis and concomitant CVD (especially with complicated CHF), exacerbations of obstructive pyelonephritis develop more often, the inflammatory process often turns into a purulent-destructive form.
Strategi Pendidik Dalam Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini Saat Pandemi Covid 19
Authors: Dewi Rahayu Firta 
Published: December 2021

Pandemi Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) telah menciptakan tantangan bagi komunitas pendidikan global. Sebagai upaya alternatif, banyak lembaga pendidikan yang mengembangkan protokol belajar mengajar secara online. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui strategi yang dilakukan oleh tebaga pendidik dalam mengoptimalkan mutu pendidikan anak usia dini di masa pandemic agar anak tetap memperoleh kualitas pendidikan yang baik dengan situasi belajar yang menyenangkan. Peneliti menggukan metode studi literatur dengan cara mengumpulkan literature bahan-bahan materi yang bersumber dari buku, jurnal, dan sumber lainnya yang berkaitan dengan strategi dalam pembelajaran anak usia dini. Selama masa lockdown, proses penugasan, kegiatan Home Visit, dan juga laporan kegiatan harian anak menjadi solusi penting dalam pelaksanaan proses kegiatan belajar anak selama pandemi covid-19. Hal ini bertujuan agar semua aspek perkembangan anak dapat berkembang dengan baik sesuai dengan capaian perkembangan anak. Orang tua, guru, stakeholder lembaga pendidikan anak usia dini memiliki andil besar dalam menciptakan pembelajaran yang positif selama pandemic
The Spillover Effect of the Medicare Mandatory Bundled Payment Program on Joint Replacement Outcomes
Authors: Kim Hyunjee , Hart Kyle D. , Meath Thomas H.A. , Zhu Jane M. , McConnell K. John 
Published: December 2021

Background:
To improve the value and efficiency of care among traditional Medicare enrollees, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services has implemented alternative payment models designed to control health-care spending and improve quality. These models may affect care beyond traditional Medicare enrollees, “spilling over” into other populations. Established in April 2016, the Medicare mandatory bundled payment program, called the Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement (CJR) model, holds hospitals accountable for spending and quality of care for traditional Medicare joint-replacement patients during care episodes that span from the index hospitalization to 90 days post-discharge. We assessed the extent to which the CJR model was associated with outcomes for patients enrolled in commercial insurance and Medicare Advantage plans.

Methods:
With use of Health Care Cost Institute claims data from 2012 through 2017, we assessed the association of the CJR model with total expenditures, discharges to institutional post-acute care, and readmissions among commercial insurance and Medicare Advantage joint-replacement patients. The exposure variable was the implementation of the CJR model in 67 randomly selected metropolitan statistical areas compared with 103 similar areas without CJR implementation. We utilized difference-in-differences models to estimate the spillover effects of the CJR model by comparing outcomes between these areas before and after CJR implementation.

Results:
The study included 174,893 joint-replacement episodes of care in commercial insurance enrollees and 202,070 episodes in Medicare Advantage enrollees. Among both commercial insurance and Medicare Advantage enrollees, CJR implementation was associated with no meaningful changes in total episode expenditures, discharges to institutional post-acute care, or readmissions.

Conclusions:
We found no evidence for spillover effects of the CJR model on commercial insurance and Medicare Advantage patients, suggesting that alternative payment models targeting traditional Medicare patients may have limited effects on the cost and quality of care for patients outside of the traditional Medicare system.
Development and Internal Validation of Machine Learning Algorithms for Predicting Hyponatremia After TJA
Authors: Kunze Kyle N. , Sculco Peter K. , Zhong Haoyan , Memtsoudis Stavros G. , Ast Michael P. , Sculco Thomas P. , Jules-Elysee Kethy M. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
The development of hyponatremia after total joint arthroplasty (TJA) may lead to several adverse events and is associated with prolonged inpatient length of stay as well as increased hospital costs. The purpose of this study was to develop and internally validate machine learning algorithms for predicting hyponatremia after TJA.

Methods:
A consecutive cohort of 30,703 TJA patients from an institutional registry at a large, tertiary academic hospital were included. A total of 19 potential predictor variables were collected. Hyponatremia was defined as a serum sodium concentration of <135 mEq/L. Five machine learning algorithms were developed using a training set and internally validated using an independent testing set. Algorithm performance was evaluated through discrimination, calibration, decision-curve analysis, and Brier score.

Results:
The charts of 30,703 patients undergoing TJA were reviewed. Of those patients, 5,480 (17.8%) developed hyponatremia postoperatively. A combination of 6 variables were demonstrated to optimize algorithm prediction: preoperative serum sodium concentration, age, intraoperative blood loss, procedure time, body mass index (BMI), and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score. Threshold values that were associated with greater hyponatremia risk were a preoperative serum sodium concentration of ≤138 mEq/L, an age of ≥73 years, an ASA score of >2, intraoperative blood loss of >407 mL, a BMI of ≤26 kg/m2, and a procedure time of >111 minutes. The stochastic gradient boosting (SGB) algorithm demonstrated the best performance (c-statistic: 0.75, calibration intercept: −0.02, calibration slope: 1.02, and Brier score: 0.12). This algorithm was turned into a tool that can provide real-time predictions (https://orthoapps.shinyapps.io/Hyponatremia_TJA/).

Conclusions:
The SGB algorithm demonstrated the best performance for predicting hyponatremia after TJA. The most important factors for predicting hyponatremia were preoperative serum sodium concentration, age, intraoperative blood loss, procedure time, BMI, and ASA score. A real-time hyponatremia risk calculator was developed, but it is imperative to perform external validation of this model prior to using this calculator in clinical practice.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.