bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Benchmarking Study Evaluating Axial Spondyloarthritis Burden in Spain and Other European Countries. Results from the Spanish Atlas and the European Map of Axial Spondyloarthritis (EMAS) Studies
Authors: Garrido‐Cumbrera Marco , Gratacós Jordi , Collantes‐Estevez Eduardo , Zarco‐Montejo Pedro , Sastre Carlos , Christen Laura , Sanz‐Gómez Sergio , Correa‐Fernández José , Navarro‐Compán Victoria 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo compare the burden of disease in Spanish patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) vs other European countries (OEC).MethodsData from 2846 unselected patients from the European Map of Axial Spondyloarthritis (EMAS) and the Atlas of Axial Spondyloarthritis in Spain (Atlas) were collected through online surveys. Comparative analysis was carried out between Spanish patients (2016) and patients from 12 OEC ( 2017‐2018). Socio‐demographic characteristics, life habits, and patient‐reported outcomes (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index 0‐10, spinal stiffness 3‐12, functional limitation 0‐54, the 12‐Item General Health Questionnaire [GHQ‐12] for psychological distress 0‐12) were compared. Chi‐square and Mann‐Whitney tests were used for qualitative and quantitative variables respectively.Results680 (23.9%) Spanish axSpA patients were compared to 2166 axSpA patients (76.1%) from OEC. Compared to Spain, the OEC group had a higher percentage of females (64.1% vs 52.5%; P < .001) and university‐educated participants (51.7% vs 36.9%; P < .001). Spanish patients showed a greater diagnostic delay (8.5 ± 7.7 vs 7.2 ± 8.6 years; P < .001), visits to orthopedic specialists before diagnosis (56.9% vs 25.3%; P < .001), human leukocyte antigen‐B27 carriership (77.1% vs 70.1%; P = .003), disease activity (5.7 ± 2.0 vs 5.4 ± 2.0; P = .024), and higher unemployment rates (21.7% vs 9.2%; P < .001). Despite lower rates of diagnosed anxiety and depression, Spanish patients were at higher risk of psychological distress according to the GHQ‐12 (5.7 ± 4.5 vs 4.8 ± 4.0; P < .001).ConclusionCompared to European axSpA patients, Spanish patients experience a longer diagnostic delay and greater psychological distress. Being wrongly referred to orthopedic specialists and facing a more precarious labor scenario appear as possible causal factors, highlighting the need to increase the number of rheumatologists, the training of healthcare professionals, and improving axSpA patients' working conditions.
A microsensor‐based method for measuring respiration of individual nematodes
Authors: Maciute Adele , Holovachov Oleksandr , Berg Peter , Glud Ronnie N. , Broman Elias , Nascimento Francisco J. A. , Bonaglia Stefano 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Meiofauna (invertebrates that pass through a 1‐mm mesh sieve, but are retained on a 40‐µm mesh) represent the most abundant and diverse animal group on Earth, but empirical evidence of their role in benthic respiration, production and carbon cycling across ecosystems is not well documented. Moreover, how meiofauna respond to changing oxygen conditions is poorly understood.

We further developed an incubation system, in which oxygen and temperature conditions are easily controlled and single meiofaunal nematode respiration is resolved in glass capillary tubes, using Clark‐type oxygen microsensor. We performed the respiration measurements after exposing nematodes to different ambient oxygen concentrations, which resulted in 3–60 µM O2 during hypoxic and 80–210 µM O2 during oxic incubations in close proximity to the respective nematodes.

Individual nematode respiration rates ranged from 0.02 to 1.30 nmol O2 ind.−1 day−1 and were 27% lower during hypoxic than oxic incubations. Rates derived from established allometric relations were on average fourfold higher than our direct measurements.

The presented method is suitable for single nematode respiration measurements and can be adapted to a wide range of experimental conditions. Therefore, it can be used to assess meiofauna contribution to ecosystem processes and investigate species‐specific responses to changing environmental conditions, for example, oxygen stress, increasing water temperature.
Where were you during the Queen’s visit? Using photographs to facilitate collective storytelling, resident identity and positive care relationships in aged care
Authors: King Tricia , Miller Evonne 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis paper explores the potential of photographs as a tool to facilitate storytelling, reminiscence and social connections for older residents living in residential aged care and caregiving staff.MethodsFourteen residents and three staff attended two sessions in which residents brought and shared personal photographs. Narrative enquiry was used to elicit individual and collective stories.ResultsNarrative analysis of residents’ selected photographs overwhelmingly showed a younger self (n = 6), highlighting relationships (n = 6) and achievements (n = 6). Sharing images with other residents and staff enhanced new connections and personal communications.ConclusionThis research highlights the communicative value of photographs in aged care. Residents were able to reflect upon shared personal and global events—from the role of pets in their lives to public events such as the Queen's visit to Australia—and through discussion build a collective shared narrative. This enabled new connections and sharing of stories between staff and residents.
Outcomes of rib fractures in the geriatric population: A 5‐year retrospective, single‐institution, Australian study
Authors: Cooper Emma , Wake Elizabeth , Cho Charlie , Wullschleger Martin , Patel Bhavik 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundSurgical rib fixation in the general population can decrease morbidity, including length of stay and ventilator days. Elderly rib fractures convey high rates of morbidity and mortality, and it is unclear whether this population benefits from operative management.MethodsA single‐centre, retrospective study at a Level 1 Australasian trauma centre was conducted. Registry‐identified patients aged ≥70 years, admitted to hospital with blunt trauma‐induced rib fractures, were included. Outcome measures included demographics, pre‐morbid function, acute length of stay, intensive care unit admission, injury characteristics, management and complications.ResultsA total of 920 presentations were identified, with 295 meeting the inclusion criteria. Falls accounted for majority (n = 148/295, 50.2%), with a median Injury Severity Score of 10 (inter‐quartile range [IQR] 10–14). Severe chest trauma occurred overall in 80% (n = 243/294) and all operative patients (n = 15/15). Conservative management was used in 95% (n = 280/295). Patient‐controlled analgesia was common (n = 177/295, 60.0%) and regional techniques increased in the surgical approach (n = 12/15, 80.0%) compared with conservative approach (n = 71/280, 25.4%). Despite longer acute length of stay (12 days, IQR 9–15), operative management resulted in similar complications (26.7% vs. 30.4%) and no deaths. Operative intervention was significantly associated with increased number of fractures (p < 0.001), flail segment (p = 0.001) and higher chest Abbreviated Injury Score (p < 0.001); however, it was not significantly associated with age (p = 0.90), comorbidities (0.91) or anticoagulation (p = 0.51).ConclusionSurgical management of rib fractures in the elderly was performed without increased complications within this centre's multimodal approach. Standard indications for rib fixation may be applicable in the elderly population, whilst comorbidities, age and anticoagulation use alone may not be adequate reasons to withhold surgical rib fixation.
“Ok, gender! Where are you?!”: On the potential of catalytic validity in feminist geographies of everyday inequities
Authors: Coen Stephanie E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper is a provocation and reflection on some of the methodological tensions and opportunities I encountered in trying to “get at” gender in my research on the everyday gendered geographies of physical activity. Situated in a feminist methodology, I designed my study on gender and gym environments to include multiple forms of data (interviews, drawings, journals) to foster a participant‐centred research process by offering diverse forms of expression. Yet, there were moments where my feminist commitment to recognise participants’ agency in how they articulated their gendered experiences was stymied by seeming self‐contradictions throughout their multi‐modal narratives, as well as by my researcher interpretations of gender. In this post‐mortem, I consider what incongruities in the ways some participants spoke about gender within and across data types tell us about gender as a concept. I illustrate how there is methodological opportunity in using multiple creative methods as a check for rigour in the form of “catalytic validity,” or awareness‐raising among research participants, which is consistent with socially transformative feminist geographical aims.
Pre‐salt rift morphology controls salt tectonics in the Campos Basin, offshore SE Brazil
Authors: do Amarante Francyne Bochi , Jackson Christopher Aiden‐Lee , Pichel Leonardo Muniz , Scherer Claiton Marlon dos Santos , Kuchle Juliano 
Published: July 2021

AbstractClassic models of gravity‐driven salt tectonics commonly depict kinematically linked zones of overburden deformation, characterised by updip extension and downdip contraction, separated by a weakly deformed zone associated with downdip translation above a relatively smooth base‐salt surface. We use 2D and 3D seismic reflection and borehole data from the south‐central Campos Basin to show that these models fail to adequately capture the complex range of structural styles forming during salt‐detached gravity‐driven deformation above a rugose base‐salt surface. In the Campos Basin, the base‐salt is defined by broadly NE‐trending, margin‐parallel, generally seaward‐dipping ramps that have up to 2 km of structural relief. We define three domains of overburden deformation: an updip extensional domain, an intermediate multiphase domain and a downdip contractional domain. The multiphase domain is defined by large, partly fault‐bounded, ramp‐syncline basins, the stratigraphic record of which suggest ca. 28 km of seaward gravity‐driven translation of salt and its overburden since the end of the Albian. We also identify three main types of salt structures in the multiphase domain: (a) contractional anticlines that were subjected to later extension and normal faulting; (b) passive‐to‐active diapirs that were later extended and widened, and which are bound on their landward margins by landward‐dipping, salt‐detached normal faults and (c) reactive (extensional) diapirs that were subsequently squeezed. We argue that this multiphase deformation occurs because of basinward translation of salt and its overburden over complex base‐salt relief, consistent with the predictions of physical models and several other seismic reflection data‐based studies. Critically, these complex local strains overprint margin‐scale patterns of deformation.
Toward monitoring forest ecosystem integrity within the post‐2020 Global Biodiversity Framework
Authors: Hansen Andrew J. , Noble Benjamin P. , Veneros Jaris , East Alyson , Goetz Scott J. , Supples Christina , Watson James E. M. , Jantz Patrick A. , Pillay Rajeev , Jetz Walter , Ferrier Simon , Grantham Hedley S. , Evans Thomas D. , Ervin Jamison , Venter Oscar , Virnig Anne L. S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSignatory countries to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) are formulating goals and indicators through 2050 under the post‐2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF). Among the goals is increasing the integrity of ecosystems. The CBD is now seeking input toward a quantifiable definition of integrity and methods to track it globally. Here, we offer a schema for using Earth observations (EO) to monitor and evaluate global forest ecosystem integrity (EI). Our approach builds on three topics: the concept of EI, the use of satellite‐based EO, and the use of “essential biodiversity variables” to monitor and report on it. Within this schema, EI is a measure of the structure, function, and composition of an ecosystem relative to the range of variation determined by climatic–geophysical environment. We use evaluation criteria to recommend eight potential indicators of EI that can be monitored around the globe using Earth Observations to support the efforts of nations to monitor and report progress to implement the post‐2020 GBF. If operationalized, this schema should help Parties to the CBD take action and report progress on achieving ecosystem commitments during this decade.
Clinical evaluation of large volume subcutaneous injection tissue effects, pain, and acceptability in healthy adults
Authors: Woodley Wendy D. , Morel Didier R. , Sutter Diane E. , Pettis Ronald J. , Bolick Natasha G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDetermining feasibility and tolerability of large volume viscous subcutaneous injection may enable optimized, intuitive delivery system design. A translational early feasibility clinical study examined large volume subcutaneous injection viability, tolerability, acceptability, tissue effects and depot location for ~1, 8, and 20 cP injections at volumes up to 10 ml in the abdomen and 5 ml in the thigh in 32 healthy adult subjects. A commercial syringe pump system delivered 192 randomized, constant rate (20 µl/s) injections (6/subject) with in‐line injection pressure captured versus time. Deposition location was qualified via ultrasound. Tissue effects and pain tolerability were monitored through 2 hours post‐injection with corresponding Likert acceptability questionnaires administered through 72 hours. All injection conditions were feasible and well‐tolerated with ≥79.3% favorable subject responses for injection site appearance and sensation immediately post‐injection, increasing to ≥96.8% at 24 hours. Mean subject pain measured via 100 mm visual analog scale increased at needle insertion (6.9 mm, SD 10.8), peaked during injection (26.9 mm, SD 21.7) and diminished within 10 minutes post‐removal (1.9 mm, SD 4.2). Immediate injection site wheal (90.9%) and erythema (92.6%) formation was observed with progressive although incomplete resolution through 2 hours (44.6% and 11.4% remaining, respectively). Wheal resolution occurred more rapidly at lower viscosities. Most subjects (64.5%) had no preference between abdomen and thigh. Correlations between tissue effects, injection pressure and pain were weak (Pearson’s rho ± 0–0.4). The large volume injections tested, 1–20 cP viscosities up to 10 ml in the abdomen and 5 ml in the thigh, are feasible with good subject acceptability and rapid resolution of tissue effects and pain.
Optimizing the use of technology to support people with diabetes: research recommendations from Diabetes UK’s 2019 diabetes and technology workshop
Authors: Wylie Thomas A. F. , Shah Chandrabala , Burgess Lucie , Robertson Elizabeth , Dupont David , Swindell Robin , Hovorka Roman , Murphy Helen R. , Heller Simon R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsTo identify key gaps in the research evidence base that could help improve how technology supports people with diabetes, and provide recommendations to researchers and research funders on how best to address them.MethodsA research workshop was conducted, bringing together research experts in diabetes, research experts in technology, people living with diabetes and healthcare professionals.ResultsThe following key areas within this field were identified, and research recommendations for each were developed:

Matching the pace of research with that of technology development

Time in range as a measure

Health inequalities and high‐risk groups

How to train people to use technology most effectively

Impact of technology usage on mental health

ConclusionsThis position statement outlines recommendations through which research could improve how technology is employed to care for and support people living with diabetes, and calls on the research community and funders to address them in future research programmes and strategies.
Clinical, microbiological and inflammatory markers of severe diabetic foot infections
Authors: Aragón‐Sánchez Javier , Víquez‐Molina Gerardo , López‐Valverde María Eugenia , Aragón‐Hernández Javier , Rojas‐Bonilla José María , Murillo‐Vargas Christian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsIn addition to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), various clinical signs, microbiological findings and inflammatory markers could be associated with severe diabetic foot infections (DFI).MethodsThis study included a retrospective cohort of 245 patients with DFI treated at San Juan de Dios Hospital in San José de Costa Rica. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C‐reactive protein (CRP), CRP/albumin ratio, peripheral blood leucocyte ratios and the Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis (LRINEC) scoring system were evaluated. Univariate analysis was carried out between moderate and severe infections. ROC curves were plotted. Cut‐off value of inflammatory markers for diagnosing severe infections was established and then dichotomized to be included in a logistic regression model. A score was designed based on its results.ResultsSkin necrosis (p < 0.01, OR = 8.5, 95% CI = 3.5–20.9), ESR > 94 mm/h (p < 0.01, OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.2–5.1), albumin < 2.8 g/dl (p = 0.04, OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.0–4.1) and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) > 4.52 (p < 0.01, OR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.6–6.5) were found to be predictive of severe infections. Score >5 had a good diagnosis performance for classifying severe infections. Moderate infections with a score >5 had a worse prognosis than moderate ones.ConclusionsWe found an association of necrosis, serum albumin, ESR and NLR values with severe DFI. The presence of these predictive factors of severity in cases of moderate infections was significantly associated with a higher rate of amputations and recurrences, longer duration of antibiotic treatment and longer hospital stays. DFI could be classified as mild, moderate, severe without SIRS and severe.
Matrix metalloproteinase‐13 is fully activated by neutrophil elastase and inactivates its serpin inhibitor, alpha‐1 antitrypsin: Implications for osteoarthritis
Authors: Wilkinson David J. , Falconer Adrian M. D. , Wright Helen L. , Lin Hua , Yamamoto Kazuhiro , Cheung Kathleen , Charlton Sarah H. , Arques Maria del Carmen , Janciauskiene Sabina , Refaie Ramsay , Rankin Kenneth S. , Young David A. , Rowan Andrew D. 
Published: July 2021

Matrix metalloproteinase‐13 (MMP‐13) is a uniquely important collagenase that promotes the irreversible destruction of cartilage collagen in osteoarthritis (OA). Collagenase activation is a key control point for cartilage breakdown to occur, yet our understanding of the proteinases involved in this process is limited. Neutrophil elastase (NE) is a well‐described proteoglycan‐degrading enzyme which is historically associated with inflammatory arthritis, but more recent evidence suggests a potential role in OA. In this study, we investigated the effect of neutrophil elastase on OA cartilage collagen destruction and collagenase activation. Neutrophil elastase induced significant collagen destruction from human OA cartilage ex vivo, in an MMP‐dependent manner. In vitro, neutrophil elastase directly and robustly activated pro‐MMP‐13, and N‐terminal sequencing identified cleavage close to the cysteine switch at 72MKKPR, ultimately resulting in the fully active form with the neo‐N terminus of 85YNVFP. Mole‐per‐mole, activation was more potent than by MMP‐3, a classical collagenase activator. Elastase was detectable in human OA synovial fluid and OA synovia which displayed histologically graded evidence of synovitis. Bioinformatic analyses demonstrated that, compared with other tissues, control cartilage exhibited remarkably high transcript levels of the major elastase inhibitor, (AAT) alpha‐1 antitrypsin (gene name SERPINA1), but these were reduced in OA. AAT was located predominantly in superficial cartilage zones, and staining enhanced in regions of cartilage damage. Finally, active MMP‐13 specifically inactivated AAT by removal of the serine proteinase cleavage/inhibition site. Taken together, this study identifies elastase as a novel activator of pro‐MMP‐13 that has relevance for cartilage collagen destruction in OA patients with synovitis.
Relationship between number of medications and incidence of falls or bone fracture in elderly patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation: Shinken database analysis
Authors: Fujisawa Tomoki , Arita Takuto , Suzuki Shinya , Yagi Naoharu , Otsuka Takayuki , Kishi Mikio , Kano Hiroto , Matsuno Shunsuke , Kato Yuko , Uejima Tokuhisa , Oikawa Yuji , Matsuhama Minoru , Iida Mitsuru , Yajima Junji , Yamashita Takeshi 
Published: July 2021

AimPolypharmacy is known to be a risk factor for falls or bone fracture (F/F) in elderly patients. However, this relationship is not fully described in patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), for which F/F may lead to serious clinical outcomes, including major bleeding.MethodsWe analyzed 509 elderly (aged ≥75 years) patients with NVAF who had recently visited a hospital specializing in cardiology, of which 272 patients had paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) and 237 had persistent/permanent atrial fibrillation (PeAF). Patients were divided into four groups according to the number of medications: ≤3, 4–6, 7–9, and ≥10. The relationship between the number of medications and incidence rate of F/F in AF patients was analyzed. In addition, this relationship was analyzed in patients with each AF type.ResultsCumulative incidence of F/F at 3 years in the respective categories was 3.7%, 5.4%, 4.3% and 5.7% for PAF, and 5.2%, 7.5%, 7.8% and 25.0% for PeAF (log‐rank test, P = 0.930 and 0.003, respectively). In a multivariable model, patients with ≥10 medications showed a significantly higher risk for F/F compared with those with ≤3 medications as reference only in PeAF (adjusted hazard ratio 4.82, 95%CI 1.42–16.33), without significant interaction (P = 0.081).ConclusionsElderly NVAF patients using ≥10 medications showed a higher risk for F/F. In subgroup analysis, this association was observed only in patients with PeAF, although there was no significant interaction between number of medications and AF type. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 802–809.
Consumption of processed red meat and its impact on human health: A review
Authors: Libera Justyna , Iłowiecka Katarzyna , Stasiak Dariusz 
Published: July 2021

SummaryMeat is an important component of the human diet, and the consumption of processed meat is high, despite the increasing popularity of the vegetarian model of nutrition. Both meat and meat product consumption contribute to delivering many vitamins and minerals, such as iron, zinc, selenium and vitamin B12; moreover, meat products are a significant source of high biological value protein, providing essential amino acids. Processed meat should be eaten in moderation. Excessive consumption of processed red meat (cured and smoked) carries the risk of developing new diseases or intensifying existing ones. This review aims to present scientific reports on the role and safety of the consumption of processed red meat in the diet of healthy individuals. The impact of meat consumption on the risk of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, inflammatory bowel diseases, non‐alcoholic fatty liver and infertility was described.