bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Tidal and Residual Currents Based on Coastal Acoustic Tomography Assimilated Data Obtained in Jiaozhou Bay, China
Authors: Zhu Ze‐Nan , Zhu Xiao‐Hua , Zhang Chuanzheng , Chen Minmo , Wang Min , Dong Menghong , Liu Wenhu , Zheng Hua , Kaneko Arata 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo investigate the dynamics of tidal and residual currents in a shallow bay with narrow bay mouth and large tidal flat area, this study conducted three sets of coastal acoustic tomography (CAT) observations at 13 stations in deep area of Jiaozhou Bay (JZB), China, from December 6–18, 2015. Thereafter, travel time difference data observed via CAT were assimilated into a barotropic tidal model to realize an extrapolated study in tidal flats. The root mean square difference was 6.5 cm/s between assimilation and acoustic Doppler current profile data. Harmonic analyses indicated that the semidiurnal tide (M2) was predominant; however, relatively large nonlinear tidal currents (M4 and M6) were also found. Moreover, the spatial mean amplitudes of M2, M4, and M6 were 0.35 (excluding the tidal flat), 0.09, and 0.04 m/s, respectively. Dynamic analyses showed that continuity and advection terms were the main contributors to M4 in the bay mouth, whereas M4 in the tidal flats was generated by continuity and friction terms. Furthermore, bottom friction was the primary contributor to M6. In addition, residual currents with multi‐vortex structures appeared near the bay mouth, the maximum speed reached 0.60 m/s, and advection, continuity, and bottom friction contributed more to the generation of residual current eddies. Horizontal pressure gradient of residual elevation and advection of tidal and residual currents were the dominant factors maintaining the residual current near the bay mouth. The generation mechanisms of M4 and M6 were first discussed based on the assimilation of the current field data in JZB.
Solar Wind Speed Prediction With Two‐Dimensional Attention Mechanism
Authors: Sun Yanru , Xie Zongxia , Chen Yanhong , Huang Xin , Hu Qinghua 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAs more and more high‐technical systems are exposed to the space environment, extreme space weather becomes a great threat to human society. In the solar system, space weather is influenced by the solar wind, such that reliable prediction of solar wind conditions in the near‐Earth environment effectively reduces the impact of space weather on human society. Solar wind speed prediction is improved by making full use of OMNI data measured at Lagrangian Point 1 (L1) by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and image data observed by the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) satellite in this work. Specifically, we propose a model based on the “two‐dimensional attention mechanism” (TDAM) to predict solar wind speed. In this study, we first analyze and preprocess data from 2011 to 2017. Second, considering the characteristics of time series data, we adopt the gated recurrent units (GRU) model which can deal with long‐term dependence as the prediction part of our model. Third, we design a TDAM, which enables our prediction network to focus on important parts. Three performance indices are used: root‐mean‐square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and correlation coefficient (CC). By comparing TDAM with other models, we find that the TDAM model achieves the best prediction results, with RMSE of 62.8 km/s, MAE of 47.8 km/s, and CC of 0.789 24 h in advance. The experimental results show that the proposed TDAM model can improve the prediction accuracy of solar wind speed.
Engineered tunneling layer with enhanced impact ionization for detection improvement in graphene/silicon heterojunction photodetectors
Authors: Yin Jun , Liu Lian , Zang Yashu , Ying Anni , Hui Wenjie , Jiang Shusen , Zhang Chunquan , Yang Tzuyi , Chueh Yu-Lun , Li Jing , Kang Junyong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHere, an engineered tunneling layer enhanced photocurrent multiplication through the impact ionization effect was proposed and experimentally demonstrated on the graphene/silicon heterojunction photodetectors. With considering the suitable band structure of the insulation material and their special defect states, an atomic layer deposition (ALD) prepared wide-bandgap insulating (WBI) layer of AlN was introduced into the interface of graphene/silicon heterojunction. The promoted tunneling process from this designed structure demonstrated that can effectively help the impact ionization with photogain not only for the regular minority carriers from silicon, but also for the novel hot carries from graphene. As a result, significantly enhanced photocurrent as well as simultaneously decreased dark current about one order were accomplished in this graphene/insulation/silicon (GIS) heterojunction devices with the optimized AlN thickness of ~15 nm compared to the conventional graphene/silicon (GS) devices. Specifically, at the reverse bias of −10 V, a 3.96-A W−1 responsivity with the photogain of ~5.8 for the peak response under 850-nm light illumination, and a 1.03-A W−1 responsivity with ∼3.5 photogain under the 365 nm ultraviolet (UV) illumination were realized, which are even remarkably higher than those in GIS devices with either Al2O3 or the commonly employed SiO2 insulation layers. This work demonstrates a universal strategy to fabricate broadband, low-cost and high-performance photo-detecting devices towards the graphene-silicon optoelectronic integration.
P300/HDAC1 regulates the acetylation/deacetylation and autophagic activities of LC3/Atg8–PE ubiquitin-like system
Authors: Wu Wenmei , Li Kang , Guo Sanyou , Xu Jing , Ma Qiuqin , Li Shuyan , Xu Xianying , Huang Zhijun , Zhong Yangjin , Tettamanti Gianluca , Cao Yang , Li Sheng , Tian Ling 
Published: May 2021

AbstractProtein acetylation plays potential roles in regulating autophagy occurrence. However, it varies greatly between yeast and mammals, and has not been thoroughly investigated in other organisms. Here, we reported that the components of BmAtg8–PE ubiquitin-like system (BmAtg3, BmAtg4, BmAtg7, and BmAtg8) in Bombyx mori were localized in the nucleus under nutrient-rich conditions, whereas they were exported to the cytoplasm upon autophagy induction. RNAi of BmP300 and inhibition of BmP300 activity resulted in nucleo-cytoplasmic translocation of BmAtg3 and BmAtg8, as well as premature induction of autophagy in the absence of stimulus. Conversely, RNAi of BmHDAC1 and inhibition of class I/II HADCs activities led to the nuclear accumulation of BmAtg3 and BmAtg8. In addition, acetylation sites in Atg proteins of BmAtg8–PE ubiquitin-like system were identified by mass spectrometry, and acetylation-site mutations caused nucleo-cytoplasmic translocation of BmAtg3, BmAtg4, and BmAtg8 along with autophagy promotion. Similarly, the subcellular localization of human ATG4b is determined by acetylation modification. In general, BmP300-mediated acetylation sequesters the components of BmAtg8–PE ubiquitin-like system in the nucleus, thus leading to the autophagy inhibition. Oppositely, BmHDAC1-mediated deacetylation leads to the nucleo-cytoplasmic translocation of the components of BmAtg8–PE ubiquitin-like system and promotes autophagy. This process is evolutionarily conserved between insects and mammals.
Competition of two highly specialized and efficient acetoclastic electroactive bacteria for acetate in biofilm anode of microbial electrolysis cell
Authors: Sapireddy Veerraghavulu , Katuri Krishna P. , Muhammad Ali , Saikaly Pascal E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMaintaining functional stability of microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) treating wastewater depends on maintaining functional redundancy of efficient electroactive bacteria (EAB) on the anode biofilm. Therefore, investigating whether efficient EAB competing for the same resources (electron donor and acceptor) co-exist at the anode biofilm is key for the successful application of MEC for wastewater treatment. Here, we compare the electrochemical and kinetic properties of two efficient acetoclastic EAB, Geobacter sulfurreducens (GS) and Desulfuromonas acetexigens (DA), grown as monoculture in MECs fed with acetate. Additionally, we monitor the evolution of DA and GS in co-culture MECs fed with acetate or domestic wastewater using fluorescent in situ hybridization. The apparent Monod kinetic parameters reveal that DA possesses higher jmax (10.7 ± 0.4 A/m2) and lower KS, app (2 ± 0.15 mM) compared to GS biofilms (jmax: 9.6 ± 0.2 A/m2 and KS, app: 2.9 ± 0.2 mM). Further, more donor electrons are diverted to the anode for respiration in DA compared to GS. In acetate-fed co-culture MECs, DA (98% abundance) outcompete GS for anode-dependent growth. In contrast, both EAB co-exist (DA: 55 ± 2%; GS: 24 ± 1.1%) in wastewater-fed co-culture MECs despite the advantage of DA over GS based on kinetic parameters alone. The co-existence of efficient acetoclastic EAB with high current density in MECs fed with wastewater is significant in the context of functional redundancy to maintain stable performance. Our findings also provide insight to future studies on bioaugmentation of wastewater-fed MECs with efficient EAB to enhance performance.
Automated percent mammographic density, mammographic texture variation, and risk of breast cancer: a nested case-control study
Authors: Warner Erica T. , Rice Megan S. , Zeleznik Oana A. , Fowler Erin E. , Murthy Divya , Vachon Celine M. , Bertrand Kimberly A. , Rosner Bernard A. , Heine John , Tamimi Rulla M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPercent mammographic density (PMD) is a strong breast cancer risk factor, however, other mammographic features, such as V, the standard deviation (SD) of pixel intensity, may be associated with risk. We assessed whether PMD, automated PMD (APD), and V, yielded independent associations with breast cancer risk. We included 1900 breast cancer cases and 3921 matched controls from the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and the NHSII. Using digitized film mammograms, we estimated PMD using a computer-assisted thresholding technique. APD and V were determined using an automated computer algorithm. We used logistic regression to generate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Median time from mammogram to diagnosis was 4.1 years (interquartile range: 1.6–6.8 years). PMD (OR per SD:1.52, 95% CI: 1.42, 1.63), APD (OR per SD:1.32, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.41), and V (OR per SD:1.32, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.40) were positively associated with breast cancer risk. Associations for APD were attenuated but remained statistically significant after mutual adjustment for PMD or V. Women in the highest quartile of both APD and V (OR vs Q1/Q1: 2.49, 95% CI: 2.02, 3.06), or PMD and V (OR vs Q1/Q1: 3.57, 95% CI: 2.79, 4.58) had increased breast cancer risk. An automated method of PMD assessment is feasible and yields similar, but somewhat weaker, estimates to a manual measure. PMD, APD and V are each independently, positively associated with breast cancer risk. Women with dense breasts and greater texture variation are at the highest relative risk of breast cancer.
Multiomics characteristics of neurogenesis-related gene are dysregulated in tumor immune microenvironment
Authors: Wang Ben , Mou Hai , Liu Mengmeng , Ran Zhujie , Li Xin , Li Jie , Ou Yunsheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe success of immunotherapy was overshadowed by its low response rate, and the hot or cold tumor microenvironment was reported to be responsible for it. However, due to the lack of an appropriate method, it is still a huge challenge for researchers to understand the molecular differences between hot and cold tumor microenvironments. Further research is needed to gain deeper insight into the molecular characteristics of the hot/cold tumor microenvironment. A large-scale clinical cohort and single-cell RNA-seq technology were used to identify the molecular characteristics of inflamed or noninflamed tumors. With single-cell RNA sequencing technology, we provided a novel method to dissect the tumor microenvironment into a hot/cold tumor microenvironment to help us understand the molecular differences between hot and cold tumor microenvironments. Compared with cold tumors, hot tumors highly expressed B cell-related genes, such as MS4A1 and CXCR5, neurogenesis-related miRNA such as MIR650, and immune molecule-related lncRNA such as MIR155HG and LINC00426. In cold tumors, the expression of genes related to multiple biological processes, such as the neural system, was significantly upregulated, and methylome analysis indicated that the promoter methylation level of genes related to neurogenesis was significantly reduced. Finally, we investigated the pan-cancer prognostic value of the cold/hot microenvironment and performed pharmacogenomic analysis to predict potential drugs that may have the potential to convert the cold microenvironment into a hot microenvironment. Our study reveals the multiomics characteristics of cold/hot microenvironments. These molecular characteristics may contribute to the understanding of immune exclusion and the development of microenvironment-targeted therapy.
Abscisic acid implicated in differential plant responses of Phaseolus vulgaris during endophytic colonization by Metarhizium and pathogenic colonization by Fusarium
Authors: Hu Shasha , Bidochka Michael J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMetarhizium robertsii is an insect pathogen as well as an endophyte, and can antagonize the phytopathogen, Fusarium solani during bean colonization. However, plant immune responses to endophytic colonization by Metarhizium are largely unknown. We applied comprehensive plant hormone analysis, transcriptional expression and stomatal size analysis in order to examine plant immune responses to colonization by Metarhizium and/or Fusarium. The total amount of abscisic acid (ABA) and ABA metabolites decreased significantly in bean leaves by plant roots colonized by M. robertsii and increased significantly with F. solani compared to the un-inoculated control bean plant. Concomitantly, in comparison to the un-inoculated bean, root colonization by Metarhizium resulted in increased stomatal size in leaves and reduced stomatal size with Fusarium. Meanwhile, expression of plant immunity genes was repressed by Metarhizium and, alternately, triggered by Fusarium compared to the un-inoculated plant. Furthermore, exogenous application of ABA resulted in reduction of bean root colonization by Metarhizium but increased colonization by Fusarium compared to the control without ABA application. Our study suggested that ABA plays a central role in differential responses to endophytic colonization by Metarhizium and pathogenic colonization by Fusarium and, we also observed concomitant differences in stomatal size and expression of plant immunity genes.
Target of rapamycin, PvTOR, is a key regulator of arbuscule development during mycorrhizal symbiosis in Phaseolus
Authors: Arthikala Manoj-Kumar , Nanjareddy Kalpana , Blanco Lourdes , Alvarado-Affantranger Xóchitl , Lara Miguel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTarget of rapamycin (TOR) is a conserved central growth regulator in eukaryotes that has a key role in maintaining cellular nutrient and energy status. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are mutualistic symbionts that assist the plant in increasing nutrient absorption from the rhizosphere. However, the role of legume TOR in AM fungal symbiosis development has not been investigated. In this study, we examined the function of legume TOR in the development and formation of AM fungal symbiosis. RNA-interference-mediated knockdown of TOR transcripts in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) hairy roots notably suppressed AM fungus-induced lateral root formation by altering the expression of root meristem regulatory genes, i.e., UPB1, RGFs, and sulfur assimilation and S-phase genes. Mycorrhized PvTOR-knockdown roots had significantly more extraradical hyphae and hyphopodia than the control (empty vector) roots. Strong promoter activity of PvTOR was observed at the site of hyphal penetration and colonization. Colonization along the root length was affected in mycorrhized PvTOR-knockdown roots and the arbuscules were stunted. Furthermore, the expression of genes induced by AM symbiosis such as SWEET1, VPY, VAMP713, and STR was repressed under mycorrhized conditions in PvTOR-knockdown roots. Based on these observations, we conclude that PvTOR is a key player in regulating arbuscule development during AM symbiosis in P. vulgaris. These results provide insight into legume TOR as a potential regulatory factor influencing the symbiotic associations of P. vulgaris and other legumes.
Macroscopically entangled light fields
Authors: Ham Byoung S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA novel method of macroscopically entangled light-pair generation is presented for a quantum laser using randomness-based deterministic phase control of coherent light in a coupled Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI). Unlike the particle nature-based quantum correlation in conventional quantum mechanics, the wave nature of photons is applied for collective phase control of coherent fields, resulting in a deterministically controllable nonclassical phenomenon. For the proof of principle, the entanglement between output light fields from a coupled MZI is examined using the Hong-Ou-Mandel-type anticorrelation technique, where the anticorrelation is a direct evidence of the nonclassical features in an interferometric scheme. For the generation of random phase bases between two bipartite input coherent fields, a deterministic control of opposite frequency shifts results in phase sensitive anticorrelation, which is a macroscopic quantum feature.
A novel introgression line collection to unravel the genetics of climacteric ripening and fruit quality in melon
Authors: Pereira Lara , Santo Domingo Miguel , Argyris Jason , Mayobre Carlos , Valverde Laura , Martín-Hernández Ana Montserrat , Pujol Marta , Garcia-Mas Jordi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntrogression lines are valuable germplasm for scientists and breeders, since they ease genetic studies such as QTL interactions and positional cloning as well as the introduction of favorable alleles into elite varieties. We developed a novel introgression line collection in melon using two commercial European varieties with different ripening behavior, the climacteric cantalupensis ‘Védrantais’ as recurrent parent and the non-climacteric inodorus ‘Piel de Sapo’ as donor parent. The collection contains 34 introgression lines, covering 99% of the donor genome. The mean introgression size is 18.16 Mb and ~ 3 lines were obtained per chromosome, on average. The high segregation of these lines for multiple fruit quality traits allowed us to identify 27 QTLs that modified sugar content, altered fruit morphology or were involved in climacteric ripening. In addition, we confirmed the genomic location of five major genes previously described, which control mainly fruit appearance, such as mottled rind and external color. Most of the QTLs had been reported before in other populations sharing parental lines, while three QTLs (EAROQP11.3, ECDQP11.2 and FIRQP4.1) were newly detected in our work. These introgression lines would be useful to perform additional genetic studies, as fine mapping and gene pyramiding, especially for important complex traits such as fruit weight and climacteric ripening.
Prevalence of hepatitis B virus genotypes among patients with liver disease in Eritrea
Authors: Hamida Mohammed Elfatih , Raja Saud Mohammed , Petros Yodahi , Wahab Munir , Seyoum Yemane , Elkhidir Isam Mohammed , Tekle Freweini 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEritrea is an East African multiethnic country with an intermediate endemicity for hepatitis B. Our aim was to establish the most prevalent genotypes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) among patients with liver disease. A total of 293 Eritrean patients with liver disease who were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive were enrolled. All sera were tested for liver transaminases, HBV DNA viral load, and hepatitis B seromarkers including HBsAg, anti-HBcAb (total), HBeAg, and anti-HBeAb. Those reactive for HBsAg and anti-HBc (total) were further tested for HBV genotyping. The median (interquartile range) of HBV DNA viral load and ALT levels were 3.47 (1.66) log IU/mL and 28 (15.3) IU/L, respectively. Using type-specific primer-based genotyping method, 122/293 (41.6%) could be genotyped. Irrespective of mode of occurrence, HBV genotype D (21.3%) was the predominant circulating genotype, followed by genotypes C (17.2%), E (15.6%), C/D (13.1%), and C/E (10.7%). Genotypes C/D/E (7.4%), A/D (4.9%), D/E (4.1%), A (2.5%), and B, A/E, B/E, and A/D/C (0.8%) were also present. HBV in Eritrea is comprised of a mixture of HBV genotypes. This is the first study of HBV genotyping among patients with liver disease in Eritrea.
Analysis of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database
Authors: Inoue Misaki , Matsumoto Kiyoka , Tanaka Mizuki , Yoshida Yu , Satake Riko , Goto Fumiya , Shimada Kazuyo , Mukai Ririka , Hasegawa Shiori , Suzuki Takaaki , Ikesue Hiroaki , Liao Jun , Hashida Tohru , Nakamura Mitsuhiro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common adverse event associated with several antineoplastic drugs; however, the precise risks and time course of reactions of particular drugs are not clearly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between anticancer agents and CIPN development using data from the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database and to characterize the time-to-onset and outcomes of CIPN. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy was defined using the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities preferred terms. Disproportionality analysis was performed by calculating the reporting odds ratio (ROR) with 95% confidence interval for signal detection. Data of nine Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) drug categories correlated with CIPN development, in addition to the data of the time-to-onset and outcomes. Among 622,289 reports in the JADER database from April 2004 to March 2020, there were 1883 reports of adverse events corresponding to peripheral neuropathy. The ROR (95% confidence interval) for vinblastine, sorbent-based paclitaxel (sb-PTX), oxaliplatin, and bortezomib was 20.4 (12.5–33.4), 13.6 (11.9–15.7), 26.2 (23.6–29.1), and 30.8 (26.6–35.8), respectively. The median duration (interquartile range) to CIPN development after the administration of vinca alkaloids and analogues, taxanes, platinum compounds, and monoclonal antibodies was 11.0 (5.0–46.5), 22.5 (6.0–82.5), 22.0 (6.0–68.5), and 32.5 (11.3–73.8) days, respectively. The median duration (interquartile range) of sb-PTX and nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab)-PTX was 35.0 (7.0–94.0) and 5.5 (3.0–29.3) days, respectively. Our analysis of records in the JADER database revealed several drugs associated with a high risk for CIPN development. In particular, the development of CIPN after vinca alkaloid administration should be closely monitored for 2 weeks after administration. CIPN caused by nab-PTX showed significantly faster onset than that by sb-PTX. Patients who receive taxanes or monoclonal antibodies often do not show an improvement; accordingly, early treatment is required.