bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Fragile Water Management Strategies and Mitigation-A Case Study of Pune City, India
Authors: Sudarsan J S , Reddy Kakuru Jyothi Priyanka , Biyabani Haseeb.A.H. , Kumari Purnima , Sinha Swati 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The aim of the study is to know about the impact of water management system on the city of Pune due to the fluctuating monsoon. To achieve this, research study was carried out in exploring the factors which are contributing for this variation in amount of precipitation. For instance, improper urbanization and industrialization in the states such as that of Maharashtra is happening in a haphazard manner owing to the uncontrolled burst in population in the cities and town. To ascertain the impact caused due to heavy rainfall this study was initiated. Data of population of Pune city was collected as it is our study area for research. Based on the analysis it was clear that there is a drastic increment in last three decades. A survey was conducted and responses from people across the city were collected regarding the management of rain water as well as the issues faced during peak rainfall and it was analyzed to evaluate the impact. For analysis and identifying the regions that were most affected, SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) tool has been used. The survey responses collected were analyzed using SPSS and various parameters have been compared to identify the relevant ones. Based on the analysis of the data obtained from the survey it is concluded that in many regions proper rain water management strategies are not adopted and also rain water harvesting technique is not installed. This results in various problems like water logging, traffic congestion and improper drainage. The output obtained is conclusive on identifying the parameters that have crucial impact on the city during monsoons and if corrected, can bring a change in the rain water management strategies adopted and make Pune a better city to live in.
Water Audit Study for East Tambaram
Authors: Hameed Shaik Abdul , Muadh M F , Khanam Nisha 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Water auditing is a system to overwhelm the drought related issues, water losses, leakage etc. It plays the significant role in conservation measures to minimize the water loss which increase the efficiency of Urban Local Bodies and reduce the need to search for additional water sources. The main aim of the water audit study is to compute the amount of water that is being supplied by a water system, that is not being distributed or billed to customers. However, for the effective use of this system is to identify losses in the sums, the ULBs must first employ water auditing as a routine business practice. The various associations, such as IWA and AWWA which initiated a large-scale effort to assess the reduction of water related problems with the help of audit. Hence, a detail study on water audit is explored on the areas were water is being used in a system, identifying the sources of lost water, and an action plan is also developed to control or reduce water losses.
Investigational study on Influence of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Wrapping on Concentrically Loaded Concrete Column
Authors: Pannirselvam N , SudalaiGunaseelan B , Rajprasad J 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The aim of research work to study the column with varying dimension and parameter. Along with wrapping of the column. The study has been made on axial load, axial deflection and lateral deflection. There 18 specimens have been casted and testing is done. Such as 300mm height and 150mm diameter column of six numbers, 450mm height and 150mm diameter columns of six numbers, 600mm height and 150mm diameter columns of six numbers. The 300mm height of the columns has been fully wrapped with 0-degree orientation of one-layer thickness, fully wrapped with 45-degree orientation of one-layer thickness, partially wrapped with 0-degree orientation of double-layers thickness, partially wrapped with 45-degree orientation of double layers thickness, fully wrapped with 45-degree orientation of double layers thickness and one number of unwrapped concrete columns. The 450mm height of the columns has been fully wrapped with 0-degree orientation of one-layer thickness, fully wrapped with 45-degree orientation of one-layer thickness, partially wrapped with 0-degree orientation of double-layers thickness, partially wrapped with 45-degree orientation of double layers thickness, fully wrapped with 45-degree orientation of double layers thickness and one number of unwrapped concrete column. The 600mm height of the columns has been fully wrapped with 0-degree orientation of one-layer thickness, fully wrapped with 45-degree orientation of one-layer thickness, partially wrapped with 0-degree orientation of double-layers thickness, partially wrapped with 45-degree orientation of double layers thickness, fully wrapped with 45-degree orientation of double layers thickness and one number of unwrapped concrete column. The specimens have been tested and corresponding results are obtained.
Impact of the Lead Rubber Base Isolators on Reinforced Concrete Building
Authors: Ravi Kant , Agha Wesam Al , Thakur Mohindra Singh , Umamaheswari N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Civil engineering infrastructures are prone to natural disasters like earthquakes, floods, and hurricanes. Dissipation energy plays the main role in design of structures under Earthquake loads and controls the behavior of buildings when it bears the lateral loads and transfers them to the foundation. To resist the vibrations in the structure, it is important to use a high technology like Base isolation which reduces base frequency of building vibration and reaching it to a lower value. In other words, seismic isolation has the main objective to protect structure during earthquake events. Base isolation is a flexible layer between foundation and superstructure thus decoupling the structure from damaging effect of ground motion. This edits the dynamic characteristics of the structural system. A comparative study is conducted of seismic performance on three types of thickness (100mm,200mm, 300mm) in which M1T1, M2T1, M3T1, M1T2, M2T2, M3T2, M1T3, M2T3, M3T3, M1T4, M2T4, and M3T4 has been analyzed of isolators namely Lead Rubber Base Isolators (LRBI). For this evaluation, an 8-story structure has been analyzed by using (ETABS) finite element program where Models have ordinary RC moment- resisting frames with square column cross- sections. Parameters like drift, displacement, story acceleration, frequency, and story velocity have been analyzed and it has been found that due to the presence of Lead Rubber Isolators the story drift, story accelerations, base shear, lateral shear forces, and velocity are greatly reduced and story displacement is increased in both X and Y directions compared for various thickness of lead rubber base isolation systems under near and far-field earthquakes. Most importantly it has been established that the transmission of the high energy seismic waves to the superstructure is greatly reduced by introducing base isolators in between the top of the footing and the bottom of the superstructure. The base isolator with thickness 100mm for the concrete grade M20, M30, M40 performed more efficiently than other thicknesses. In conclusion, the deformation and transmissibility ratio must be minimized to introduce as a solution for absorbing the vibrations where the engineer should consider this effect for adequate design.
Study On Leachate And Its Effects On Soil Properties
Authors: Lavanya Damaraju Lakshmi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The resources of earth are supporting the man kind, but various actions of man increases the generation of waste causing a huge solid waste, presently which is a third pollution in world –wide. The gradual decomposition of solid waste, includes various bye-products and soluble materials like nutrients, pesticides, chemicals are leaching into the soil and causing a soil pollution as well as ground water pollution. The leaching liquid known as Leachate, percolates into the layers of soil and effects the Various Geo-technical properties. The study confines to identify the effects of the leachate on soil properties and also to study the variations in treating the leachate by Recirculation method to decrease the concentrations levels. By collecting the waste, an artificial dump yard is created and water is added to the waste for formation of leachate. A setup is made, the leachate is treated by one of the Leachate treatment methods the method of recirculation. Leachate is collected and parameters pH, BOD, COD, Alkalinity, Sulphates, Nitrates, Conductivity, Total hardness, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Suspended Solids, Chlorides of leachate are tested in before and after the recirculation process. The soil property at the site was observed before and after leachate formation. Also the recirculated leachate is sprinkled in the site, soil properties was tested. For soil engineering properties, geo-synthetics like geo-membranes can be used at the dumping site to reduce the effect of leachate on soil properties.
An approach to derive seismic fragility curves
Authors: Vedhanayaghi V J , Manoharan M , Jasper Daniel J , Premkumar S , ArunBharathi S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Seismic risk assessment is needed for the evaluation of disaster management, emergency preparedness and prior retrofitting. Based on feasible collapse mechanisms and calculation of their associated seismic parameter Peak Ground Displacement, the failure analysis of the structure is identified. Further, the outputs are manipulated to produce a measure vulnerability obtained from failure analysis. In regions of moderate and high seismicity, Zone – III Fragility analysis is used. An investigation is made on low rise Unreinforced masonry (URM) structure located in Zone – III, particularly in Chennai. To obtain capacity curve and bi-linear capacity curve the structure is modelled as Equivalent Frame Model (EFM), and non – linear static pushover analysis (NPOA).The structure damages, under various level of seismic excitation was developed by an analytical seismic fragility curve. For prioritizing retrofit, pre-earthquake planning, and loss estimation tools such as cost-benefit analysis this curve is utilized. The damage states considered for determining probability of exceeding a specified damage state involved in fragility curve generation are slight, moderate, extreme and collapse.
A Study on Polymeric Fibre Reinforced Stabilized Mud Blocks
Authors: Vignesh N.P. , Arunachelam N. , Mahendran K. , Dinesh Kumar B. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
It is a known fact that mud blocks casted out of black cotton soil have poor damage resistance due to clayey, brittle and weak nature of the black cotton soil. In order to improve the strength of the cotton soil based mud blocks, additives such as polypropylene filament, polypropylene flakes and poly styrene fibres have been used in addition to a natural binder namely Terminalia chebula. By varying the percentage of the additives and as also soil, sand and lime various fibre reinforced blocks are made. The as-prepared reinforced mud blocks on analysis were found to possess a maximum strength of 13.75MPa when polypropylene was added as a additive. The study revealed that the addition of polymeric additives with the use of Terminalia chebula resulted in reinforcement of the stabilised mud blocks with enhanced strength and durability.
Use of bio additives in diesel engine fuels
Authors: Rusev D P , Kazakov P P , Iliev A L , Dimitrov M S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The use of fuel additives in various engines improves their performance. In particular, biodiesel is considered to be a good additive in diesel fuel. It is one of the alternative fuels used in diesel engines. The use of this type of fuel is also of strategic importance in the development of the economy of the countries. The main problem is to find the optimal ratio between biofuel and conventional diesel fuel in the mixtures injected into the engine cylinders. One of the advantages of biofuel is that it significantly reduces the amount of harmful emissions from engines - especially CO and HC. Along with this advantage, there is an increase in nitrogen oxides, which are released during the combustion of the mixture of the bio-additive and ordinary diesel fuel. Many of the challenges facing the use of biofuels are related to the reduction of NOx. Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) is also used to reduce them.
Methodology for irrigation water uptake time estimation based on RGB colorimetric measurements of leaves (A visual-graphical observation)
Authors: Atanasov S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the form of a sequence of actions, in a laboratory set of experiments, a methodology for measuring the absorption time of the irrigation water from greenhouse tomato plants is proposed. Based on pure scientific observation, before the actual measurements and during the experiment, a hypothesis is put forward, that in the experiment’s particular environmental conditions and this tomato variety, the water moves to the top of a plant for 1 to 2 hour (there is lack of information and measurements in this matter). Based on the same pure scientific observation was found, that the drier leaves darken and after the watering, they become lighter-green, which was later proven by the colorimetric measurements. It was also observed noticeable fading of leaf veins by watered plants, they become brighter, more protruding and are enlarged. After the experiment, it has been proven that water uptake time is 1 hour per 1-meter high plant and 1:30 hours water to be absorbed to the top of 1,60-meter high plant in described laboratory conditions. This is proven by leaves color lightening and the noticeably protruding of leaves veins.
Bacteriostatic properties of medical textiles treated with nanomaterials based on Fe2O3
Authors: Riabchykov Mykola , Sychov Yuriy , Alekszndrov Olexandr , Nikulina Anastasiia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this work is to reveal the bacteriostatic properties of medical textiles treated with magnetite nanoparticles. Cotton materials with a surface density of 120 g/m2 were used as textile materials. The mixture of magnetite nanoparticles is applied to the textile material. The characteristic of such a textile material is Q - Force per unit area of material from a magnet with an induction of 1 Tesla at a distance of 1 cm. A broth-based nutrient solution was prepared, which was impregnated with textile samples. The growth rate of such fungi is inversely proportional to the bacteriostatic properties of the material. Visual observation of the growth of molds in Petri dishes showed a significant difference in their growth efficiency depending on the saturation of the material with magnetite. Microscopic studies showed the lengths of molds grown on different samples of textile material. The content of magnetite in a textile material significantly affects its bacteriostatic properties. This makes it possible to recommend such materials as promising medicines for the treatment of purulent wounds.
Analysis of the capabilities of software products to simulate the behavior of dynamic fluid flows
Authors: Nely Georgieva , Sivelina Delcheva , Petko Tsankov 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In practice there are many processes that have complicated and complex character. Most often, these are dynamic systems with a large number of variable parameters, which significantly complicates their study, analysis and prediction. For their study most commonly used simulations that allow you to gain knowledge of their systemic nature. In these systems include and the thermodynamic systems where, due to a change of the many influencing parameters: temperature, pressure, velocity, fluid flow rate, various physical processes take place. For their study is widely used computer simulations to help predict the behaviour of systems under various conditions. Simulations are closely related to direct geometric modelling to enable to interactive design research and rapid model creation, allowing engineers to experiment with design ideas and immediately see the result of their changes. As an object of the simulation is most often fluid, structural and thermal simulation applications, which are used both for research and for innovative practical solutions in manufacturing enterprises. Computer simulations allow to predict the behaviour of certain processes in a real environment through virtual testing of CAD models. The main stages contain a methodical sequence, which includes the construction of a mathematical model, its numerical solution and processing of the obtained results. The main equations that make up the mathematical models are the balance equations of mass, momentum and energy, which determine the distribution of velocities, pressures, densities, temperatures and other control parameters. For modelling of flows of liquids and gases for industrial tasks, turbulence, heat transfer and chemical reactions, etc. are taken into account. In the practice, a large number of software solutions to simulate the processes occurring in thermal and fluid flows offered by many manufacturing companies are used. The aim of the present study is to analyse the possibilities of the software products used in practice to simulate the behaviour of dynamic fluid flows under certain initial conditions. Based on the analysis and the formulated conclusions, the choice of a software module for specific thermal research and construction of a geometric model of the studied objects through which numerical (CFD) simulations will be performed using different models, research in different modes of work, as well as the validation of the created methodologies, will be substantiated.
Growth and activity of probiotic bacteria in fermented milks fortified with polyphenol extract from strawberry by-product
Authors: Dimitrova M R , Ivanova I V , Slavchev A K , Ivanov G Y 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The effect of polyphenol-enriched extract from a strawberry by-product (SPE) on lactic acid production and the viability of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus S19 (Lb. bulgaricus), Lactobacillus rhamnosus YW (Lb. rhamnosus) and Streptococcus thermophilus S13 (Str. thermophilus) in fermented milks during refrigerated storage was investigated. The fermented milks, with SPE (samples S1 and S2) and without the addition of the SPE (samples K1 and K2), were stored at 4±2°C for 15 days. A constant tendency to decrease in the pH values from 4.40±0.06 to 4.05±0.11 and an increase in the lactic acid concentration from 8.33±0.10 g/L to 11.12±0.41 g/L, respectively, were observed. The residual lactose content of the control and test samples at the end of the refrigerated storage was in the range of 31.44±0.39 g/L. The addition of polyphenol-enriched extracts did not significantly affect (P>0.05) the viability of Lactobacillus spp. and Str. thermophilus during the refrigerated storage.
Effect of Calcium Fluoride Buffer on PdY deposited Optical Fiber Hydrogen Sensor
Authors: Singh Mukesh Pratap , Chaurasia Santosh Kumar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Optical fiber sensor having transducer layer PdY is highly sensitive to detect hydrogen. The main advantage of PdY is reducing the cracking effect in optical fiber hydrogen sensor having transducer thickness palladium.To analyze the optical fiber H2 sensor apply the modal approach. The effect of calcium fluoride buffer influencing the optical fiber hydrogen sensor of sensitivity. The thickness of calcium fluoride buffer and palladium yttrium alloy layers are maximized to obtain higher sensitivity.
Effect of Post-mixing Vacuum Degassing time of MWCNT/Epoxy Mixture and MWCNT Content on the Flexural Behaviour of MWCNT Filled Glass/Epoxy Composite
Authors: Mohanty Sarat Chandra , Jana Anup Kumar , Rachakonda Ranjith Kumar , Kumar Gummadi Manoj , Teja A S N S R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the current examination, adjustment of epoxy resin has been conducted by multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) by a consecutive cycle containing stirring, sonication and followed by vacuum degassing (VD). Accentuation has been centred on the impact of I) VD time (4, 12, 18 and 50 hours) of MWCNT/epoxy mixture and ii) MWCNT content in the epoxy resin (0.1 and 0.3 wt. % w.r.t epoxy) on flexural properties of MWCNT installed glass/epoxy-composite (MWCNT- GE) concerning the control glass/epoxy (GE) composites. Greatest flexural quality in the MWCNT (0.1%)- GE composite was acquired with 18 hours VD (27% higher than the control GE), whereas modulus was found to be maximum with 12 hours VD (nearly22% higher than control GE). Incorporation of a higher MWCNT content (0.3wt. %)resulted in a poor flexural performance due to agglomeration as confirmed from scanning electron microscope(SEM).
Synthesis and Characterization of Aluminium Composite with Graphene Oxide Reinforcement
Authors: Fuhaid Mutlag Sh. , Murali R V , Maleque M A , Krishnan P K , Rahaman M. A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) find a broader spectrum of applications inconsiderable number of industries globally as AMCs possess excellent mechanical properties at lower mass density. Due to many advantages, researchers continue to find a new generation of materials that offer designers many benefits in converting traditional materials into commercial and industrial materials to use low cost or waste materials as reinforcing phase while producing AMCs. In this research work, Graphene Oxide (GO) is used as a reinforcing phase in the LM6 aluminium matrix, and this paper attempts to lay more emphasis on synthesis and characterization of LM6 matrix and GO particulates and LM6/GO composites as a whole. A modified stir casting process was employed to develop the above composite material. The composite test pieces were subject to physical and mechanical tests, i.e., density, hardness, tensile, and impact. Microanalysis methods such as SEM and XRD analysis were also performed on the composite specimens to analyze the feasibility and suitability of the materials for further research work (friction welding of composites) being pursued by the authors. The results and insights drawn from the comprehensive laboratory analysis demonstrated that the LM6/GO composite could be successfully used as alternative materials replacing metal and alloys. Furthermore, the composite can be easily subject to the welding process resulting in quality welded joints and assemblies.
Investigation of effect of different geometric parameters on fundamental natural frequency of composite laminate plate
Authors: Gadhve Ashish N , Kulkarni Nishant S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Composite materials have remarkable properties such as high strength to weight ratio, wear resistance, good electrical and thermal properties compared to metals. A laminated composite material consists of several layers of a composite laminas made of matrix and fibers. Each layer with different fiber orientations may have similar or dissimilar material properties. In this study, the effect of the fiber orientations on the fundamental natural frequency of laminated composite plate is investigated. The problem is analyzed and solved using the finite element method and Matlab. A variety of boundary conditions are used in the analysis. Numerical results were obtained for orthotropic symmetric laminated plate. Fundamental natural frequency of composite plates depends upon various characteristics like aspect ratio, boundary condition and fiber orientation. The effect of cut outs on fundamental natural frequency is analysed. It is observed that the ply angles are playing major role while deciding the fundamental natural frequency of composite laminate plate.