bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal Cardiac Function in Women at High Risk for Pre-eclampsia Treated With 150 mg Aspirin or Placebo: An Observational Study
Authors: Ling H.Z. , Jara P.G. , Bisquera A. , Poon L.C. , Nicolaides K.H. , Kametas N.A. 
Published: May 2021

(BJOG. 2020;127:1018–1025)
The Aspirin for Prevention of Preterm Pre-eclampsia (ASPRE) trial recently reported that aspirin (150 mg/d) may reduce the risk of preterm and early pre-eclampsia (PE) by 60% and 90%, respectively, in pregnant women screened in their first trimester. Although commonly used for the prevention and treatment of heart attacks or strokes in the general population, aspirin has also been shown to cause high blood pressure and exacerbate pre-existing heart failure. This may be explained in part by the inhibition of PGI2, a compensatory vasodilatory prostacyclin which results in vasoconstriction. In pregnant women at high risk for preterm PE, aspirin could lead to unfavorable cardiac outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare the hemodynamic effect of aspirin versus placebo in women at high-risk for preterm PE and to compare this effect in women at low risk versus high risk for developing this condition.
Effect of Cord Milking in Late Preterm Infants and Full-term Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ortiz-Esquinas I. , Rodríguez-Almagro J. , Gómez-Salgado J. , Arias-Arias A. , Ballesta-Castillejos A. , Hernández-Martínez A. 
Published: May 2021

(Birth. 2020;47:259–269)
Delayed cord clamping (DCC) is associated with many benefits for neonates including higher neonatal hemoglobin and additional iron stores, but it is not always feasible. Umbilical cord milking (UCM) can be an alternative. The use of UCM has been found to be beneficial in premature infants in one meta-analysis, but there was not enough data to suggest benefits to full-term infants. Another review found most studies showed full-term and late-preterm infants benefited from UCM or DCC compared to immediate cord clamping. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of UCM for full-term and late-preterm infants and stratify the results by gestational age and method.
Preterm Delivery and Long-Term Mortality in Women: National Cohort and Co-sibling Study
Authors: Crump C. , Sundquist J. , Sundquist K. 
Published: May 2021

(BMJ. 2020;370:m2533)
Preterm birth has been associated with numerous health risks to both the mother and child. Women who deliver prematurely (gestational age of <37 wk) may have increased risk of heart disease and other cardiometabolic disorders later in life. Yet, information on the long-term impact of premature delivery on mortality and the ultimate underlying causes of death is limited. The aim of this study was to determine the association between preterm delivery and the long-term mortality risk among women who deliver prematurely.
Exome Sequencing for Prenatal Diagnosis in Nonimmune Hydrops Fetalis
Authors: Sparks T.N. , Lianoglou B.R. , Adami R.R. , Pluym I.D. , Holliman K. , Duffy K. , Downum S.L. , Patel S. , Faubel A. , Boe N.M. , Field N.T. , Murphy A. , Laurent L.C. , Jolley J. , Uy C. , Slavotinek A.M. , Devine P. , Hodoglugil U. , Van Ziffle J. , Sanders S.J. , MacKenzie T.C. , Norton M.E. 
Published: May 2021

(N Engl J Med. 2020;383:1746–1756)
Nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) is a severe disorder associated with a high risk of stillbirth, preterm birth, neonatal death, and neonatal complications. NIHF is a shared presentation of a number of genetic disorders. Using standard genetic testing with karyotyping or chromosomal microarray, the cause of NIHF can be determined in only 25% of cases. Single-gene disorders may substantially contribute to NIHF, but this is not yet clear. This study aimed to explore the use of exome sequencing for diagnosing single-gene disorders in unexplained NIHF cases and establish the diagnostic yield of exome sequencing.
Nonimmune Hydrops Fetalis — More Than Meets the Eye?
Authors: Kilby M.D. 
Published: May 2021

(N Engl J Med. 2020;383:1785–1786)
Nonimmune Hydrops Fetalis (NIHF) is typically defined as fetal fluid accumulation in two sites and affects up to 1 in 1,700 fetuses. There are multiple causes, including chromosomal abnormalities and structural malformations. Perinatal mortality is high in pregnancies where NIHF is present in the first trimester. In two different studies, diagnostic variants were identified in 9% and 24% of fetuses with NIHF using exome sequencing.
An Obstetric Anaesthetist a Key to Successful Conversion of Epidural Analgesia to Surgical Anaesthesia for Caesarean Delivery?
Authors: Bjornestad E.E. , Haney M.F. 
Published: May 2021

(Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2020;64:142–144)
A recent report by Wagner et al explores whether the presence of an obstetric anesthetist influences the mode of anesthesia in emergency cesarean delivery. General anesthesia used in cesarean delivery is associated with risks, while epidural anesthesia should only be used in cases when labor analgesia has been established. Using regional anesthesia to avoid general anesthesia in emergency cesarean deliveries may decrease the risk of hypoxia and unwanted intraoperative awareness, and may decrease postoperative pain. The Royal College of Anesthetists suggest an acceptable rate of less than 3% for general anesthesia in patients receiving labor epidural analgesia.
2020 Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Workforce Survey
Authors: Snapp Barbara , Moore Tiffany A. , Wallman Carol , Staebler Suzanne 
Published: May 2021

Background:
The National Association of Neonatal Nurse Practitioners (NANNP) partnered with the National Certification Corporation (NCC) to invite all NCC-certified neonatal nurse practitioners (NNPs) to participate in a national survey on NNP compensation, workforce environment, and satisfaction measures.

Purpose:
To understand the current NNP compensation, benefits, and workforce environment.

Methods:
An anonymous survey was sent to 6558 board-certified NNPs with 845 respondents.

Results:
Most of the survey respondents (92%) are in direct patient care (n = 804) with 83% (n=703) working full time (35 hours or more). Those NNPs with less than 5 years' experience had a mean salary of $119,000 per year while more experienced NNPs (30-plus years) earned a mean salary of $134,000 per year. Half of the NNPs (51%) report high satisfaction with their scope of practice and role in their organization. Distribution of NNPs throughout the workforce is suboptimal, with 67% of the administrators indicating they do not have enough NNPs.

Implications for Practice and Research:
The 2020 NANNP workforce survey collected information on NNP compensation, benefits, work environment, and experiences. It identified areas of satisfaction, such as compensation with bonuses and pay increases, and acknowledged areas needing improvement such as the lack of diversity within the profession. Utilizing the results of the survey will help create a more diverse, well-educated, and informed workforce to ensure culturally competent NNPs remain relevant within the healthcare system.
A Guide to Upper Gastrointestinal Tract, Biliary, and Pancreatic Disorders
Authors: Abushamma Suha , Early Dayna S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract:
This monograph provides an overview of pathophysiology and screening, followed by sections on diagnosis and management of upper gastrointestinal, biliary, and pancreatic disorders. The most common upper gastrointestinal disorder is GERD, which affects women of all ages and creates a treatment challenge in pregnant women. Gallstone disease is the most common biliary disorder. A case-based format is used to review management of gallstone disease in pregnancy, as well as chronic pancreatitis in pregnancy. Some of these disorders can be treated by obstetrician–gynecologists; however, many require additional testing and treatment in consultation with a gastroenterologist.
A review on the most important viruses in oral cavity cancers
Authors: Jalilian Reza , Amiri Human , Mehraban Saeed Hasani , Asadi Amir Ali 
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Oral cancer is the sixth common malignancy worldwide. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounts for 90% of the oral cancers and is the 11th common cancer. Various studies showed that HPV, EBV and some other viruses might be the cause for a group of head and neck cancers including oral cavity cancer (OCC). The aim of this study was to assess the important viral infection, in the induction of oral cavity cancers.

Method:
Data was collected using key words including oral cavity, cancer, malignancy, OCC, OSCC, virus, infection, HPV, EBV, HCV in international databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane and Embase until 2020.

Result:
A total of 30 original articles were reviewed after eliminating unrelated and redundant articles. The results of all reviewed articles except four indicated that the role of viral infections in OCC. Yen and Prathyusha reported that the prevalence of EBV among OCC cases ranged from 20 to 80%. The rate of HPV infection in patient with OCC ranged from 1.9% in the study by Smith et al. to 51.5 in the study by Tachezy et al.

Conclusion:
Review of epidemiological studies revealed that HPV and EBV infection were significantly related to OCC, whereas the relationship between OCC and HCV was less prominent. Therefore, the high prevalence of these viral infections can be considered as a possible reason for the incidence of OCC. further studies are required to identify the exact mechanism for the carcinogenesis of these viruses.
Quantifying the Effect of Topical Nitroglycerin on Random Pattern Flap Perfusion in a Rodent Model: An Application of the ViOptix Intra.Ox for Dynamic Flap Perfusion Assessment and Salvage
Authors: Khavanin Nima , Yesantharao Pooja , Kraenzlin Franca , Darrach Halley , Sacks Justin M. 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Near-infrared spectroscopy can detect changes in tissue oxygenation postoperatively that predict flap necrosis. The authors hypothesized that this technology can be applied along with topical nitroglycerin to measure an improvement in tissue oxygenation that correlates with tissue salvage.

Methods:
Dorsal, random pattern flaps measuring 10 × 3 cm were raised using Sprague-Dawley rats. Tissue oxygenation was measured after flap elevation in 10 locations using the ViOptix Intra.Ox. Animals were divided into three groups that received 30 mg of topical nitroglycerin daily, twice-daily, or not at all. Oxygenation measurements were repeated on postoperative day 1 and animals were euthanized on day 7 and evaluated for tissue necrosis.

Results:
Tissue necrosis was greatest in controls (51.3 mm) compared to daily (28.8 mm) and twice-daily nitroglycerin (18.8 mm; p = 0.035). Three flap perfusion zones were identified: healthy (proximal, 50 mm), necrotic (distal, 20 mm), and watershed. Immediate postoperative tissue oxygenation was highest in healthy tissue (57.2 percent) and decreased to 33.0 and 19.3 percent in the watershed and necrotic zones, respectively (p < 0.001). One day after treatment with nitroglycerin, oxygenation in the healthy zone did not increase significantly (mean difference, −1.5 percent). The watershed (17.8 percent; p < 0.001) and necrotic zones (16.3 percent; p <0.001) did exhibit significant improvements that were greater than those measured in control tissues (7.9 percent; both p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Serial perfusion assessment using the ViOptix Intra.Ox measured a significant improvement in flap oxygenation after treatment with topical nitroglycerin. Within the watershed area of the flap, this increase in tissue oxygenation was associated with the salvage of ischemic tissue.
Cross-cultural Comparison of Perceptions and Knowledge About Electroconvulsive Therapy Among Adults Who Screened Positive for Depression in the United States, India, and China
Authors: Tsai Jack , Huang Minda , He Hongbo , Selek Salih , Rosenheck Robert A. 
Published: May 2021

Objective
Despite the established efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), negative perceptions and inaccurate knowledge about ECT in the United States and other countries persist. This study examined ECT perceptions and knowledge in the 3 most populous countries in the world.

Methods
We recruited participants who screened positive for depression on the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) in the United States (n = 1643), India (n = 1469), and China (n = 328) and compared responses on the ECT–Perception and Knowledge Scale.

Results
Although the US sample had significantly higher PHQ-9 scores than the India and China samples, the US sample was less likely to have been offered ECT or to have ever received ECT. Moreover, the US sample scored lower on the ECT Perception and Knowledge subscales than the other samples indicating more negative perceptions and inaccurate knowledge about ECT. Across samples, there were moderate fears about ECT being painful or causing brain damage, and misconceptions about ECT being outdated and adverse effects of induced seizures. Higher PHQ-9 scores were correlated with more negative perceptions.

Conclusions
Greater public education is needed about ECT, particularly in the United States. Misperceptions and lack of knowledge may hinder utilization of ECT in India, China, and the United States.
Patterns and Progress of Peninsular Malaysia’s Amphibian Research in the 21st Century (2000–2020)
Authors: Chan Kin Onn , Ahmad Norhayati 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this study, we review the status, patterns, and progress of Peninsular Malaysia’s amphibian research in the 21st century with the main goal of identifying areas for improvement that can help focus and prioritize future research initiatives. Between 2000–2020 we found 130 publications that can be broadly categorized into four groups: 1) checklists and biodiversity; 2) new species and taxonomy; 3) ecology and natural history; and 4) evolution and phylogenetics. An average of 6.5 papers was published per year and although the number of papers fluctuated, there was a significant upward trend in the number of papers published. Almost half (49%) of all papers published comprised checklists and biodiversity-related papers. This was followed by new species and taxonomy (25%, 33 papers), evolution and phylogenetics (14%, 18 papers), and ecology and natural history (12%, 16 papers). Amphibian research was conducted most frequently in the states of Kedah, Pahang, and Perak, and most infrequently in the states of Malacca, Negeri Sembilan, Selangor/Kuala Lumpur, Perlis, and Kelantan. Despite being a megadiverse country and a biodiversity hotspot, not a single conservation-centric paper has ever been published on Peninsular Malaysian amphibians, highlighting the urgent need for future research to focus on conservation.
Novel application of capture-recapture methods to estimate the completeness of contact tracing during a large outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease, Democratic Republic of Congo, 2018-2020
Authors: Polonsky Jonathan A. , Böhning Dankmar , Keita Mory , Ahuka-Mundeke Steve , Nsio-Mbeta Justus , Abedi Aaron Aruna , Mossoko Mathias , Estill Janne , Keiser Olivia , Kaiser Laurent , Yoti Zabulon , Sangnawakij Patarawan , Lerdsuwansri Rattana , Rio Vilas Victor J. Del 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDespite its critical role in containing outbreaks, the efficacy of contact tracing (CT), measured as the sensitivity of case detection, remains an elusive metric. We estimated the sensitivity of CT by applying unilist capture-recapture methods on data from the 2018-2020 outbreak of Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of Congo. We applied different distributional assumptions to the zero-truncated count data to estimate the number of unobserved cases with a) any contacts and b) infected contacts, to compute CT sensitivity. Geometric distributions were the best fitting models. Our results indicate that CT efforts identified almost all (n=792, 99%) of the cases with any contacts, but only half (n=207, 48%) of the cases with infected contacts, suggesting that CT efforts performed well at identifying contacts during the listing stage, but performed poorly during the contact follow-up stage. We discuss extensions to our work and potential applications for the current COVID-19 pandemic.
Ultrafast amplitude modulation for molecular and hemodynamic ultrasound imaging
Authors: Rabut Claire , Wu Di , Ling Bill , Jin Zhiyang , Malounda Dina , Shapiro Mikhail G. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTUltrasound is playing an emerging role in molecular and cellular imaging thanks to new micro- and nanoscale contrast agents and reporter genes. Acoustic methods for the selective in vivo detection of these imaging agents are needed to maximize their impact in biology and medicine. Existing ultrasound pulse sequences use the nonlinearity in contrast agents’ response to acoustic pressure to distinguish them from mostly linear tissue scattering. However, such pulse sequences typically scan the sample using focused transmissions, resulting in a limited frame rate and restricted field of view. Meanwhile, existing wide-field scanning techniques based on plane wave transmissions suffer from limited sensitivity or nonlinear artifacts. To overcome these limitations, we introduce an ultrafast nonlinear imaging modality combining amplitude-modulated pulses, multiplane wave transmissions and selective coherent compounding. This technique achieves contrast imaging sensitivity comparable to much slower gold-standard amplitude modulation sequences and enables the acquisition of larger and deeper fields of view, while providing a much faster imaging framerate of 3.2kHz. Additionally, it enables simultaneous nonlinear and linear image formation, and allows concurrent monitoring of phenomena accessible only at ultrafast framerates, such as blood volume variations. We demonstrate the performance of this ultrafast amplitude modulation (uAM) technique by imaging gas vesicles, an emerging class of genetically encodable biomolecular contrast agents, in several in vitro and in vivo contexts. These demonstrations include the rapid discrimination of moving contrast agents and the real-time monitoring of phagolysosomal function in the mouse liver.
Generative adversarial neural networks maintain decoder accuracy during signal disruption in simulated long-term recordings from brain computer interfaces
Authors: Stephens Thomas , Cafaro Jon , MacRae Ryan , Simons Stephen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChronically implanted brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) provide amazing opportunities to those living with disability and for the treatment of chronic disorders of the nervous system. However, this potential has yet to be fully realized in part due to the lack of stability in measured signals over time. Signal disruption stems from multiple sources including mechanical failure of the interface, changes in neuron health, and glial encapsulation of the electrodes that alter the impedance. In this study we present an algorithmic solution to the problem of long-term signal disruption in chronically implanted neural interfaces. Our approach utilizes a generative adversarial network (GAN), based on the original Unsupervised Image to Image Translation (UNIT) algorithm, which learns how to recover degraded signals back to their analogous non-disrupted (“clean”) exemplars measured at the time of implant. We demonstrate that this approach can reliably recover simulated signals in two types of commonly used neural interfaces: multi-electrode arrays (MEA), and electrocorticography (ECoG). To test the accuracy of signal recovery we employ a common BCI paradigm wherein a classification algorithm (neural decoder) is trained on the starting (non-disrupted) set of signals. Performance of the decoder demonstrates expected failure over time as the signal disruption accumulates. In simulated MEA experiments, our approach recovers decoder accuracy to >90% when as many as 13/ 32 channels are lost, or as many as 28/32 channels have their neural responses altered. In simulated ECoG experiments, our approach shows stabilization of the neural decoder indefinitely with decoder accuracies >95% over simulated lifetimes of over 1 year. Our results suggest that these types of neural networks can provide a useful tool to improve the long-term utility of chronically implanted neural interfaces.
Differential Activity-Dependent Increase in Synaptic Inhibition and Parvalbumin Interneuron Recruitment in Dentate Granule Cells and Semilunar Granule Cells
Authors: Afrasiabi Milad , Gupta Akshay , Xu Huaying , Swietek Bogumila , Santhakumar Vijayalakshmi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStrong inhibitory synaptic gating of dentate gyrus granule cells (GCs), attributed largely to fast-spiking parvalbumin interneurons (PV-INs), is essential to maintain sparse network activity needed for dentate dependent behaviors. However, the contribution of PV-INs to basal and input driven sustained synaptic inhibition in GCs and semilunar granule cells (SGCs), a sparse morphologically distinct dentate projection neuron subtype are currently unknown. In studies conducted in hippocampal slices from mice, we find that although basal inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) are more frequent in SGCs and optical activation of PV-INs elicited IPSCs in both GCs and SGCs, optical suppression of PV-INs failed to reduce IPSC frequency in either cell type. Amplitude and kinetics of IPSCs evoked by perforant path activation were not different between GCs and SGCs. However, the robust increase in sustained polysynaptic IPSCs elicited by paired afferent stimulation was lower in SGCs than in simultaneously recorded GCs. Optical suppression of PV-IN selectively reduced sustained IPSCs in SGCs but not in GCs. These results demonstrate that PV-INs, while contributing minimally to basal synaptic inhibition in both GCs and SGCs in slices, mediate sustained feedback inhibition selectively in SGCs. The temporally selective blunting of activity-driven sustained inhibitory gating of SGCs could support their preferential and persistent recruitment during behavioral tasks.Significance StatementOur study identifies that feedback inhibitory regulation of dentate semilunar granule cells, a sparse and functionally distinct class of projection neurons, differs from that of the classical projection neurons, granule cells. Notably, we demonstrate relatively lower activity dependent increase in sustained feedback inhibitory synaptic inputs to semilunar granule cells when compared to granule cells which would facilitate their persistent activity and preferential recruitment as part of memory ensembles. Since dentate granule cell activity levels during memory processing are heavily shaped by basal and feedback inhibition, the fundamental differences in basal and evoked sustained inhibition between semilunar granule cells and granule cells characterized here provide a framework to reorganize current understanding of the dentate circuit processing.