bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into the nutritional value and bioactive properties of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa): past, present and future prospective
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed Isam A. , Al Juhaimi Fahad , Özcan Mehmet Musa 
Published: February 2021

SummaryIn recent years, quinoa gained increased attention due to its great adaptability to harsh environmental conditions, high nutritional values and high preference as ingredients of gluten‐free and functional foods. In order to improve the diet and direct the population to a better health, the search for new foodstuffs suitable for a healthy lifestyle and proper diet is still ongoing and quinoa seeds are one of these food raw materials. It is a promising variety for human consumption and nutrition in the world, as it has higher nutritional and health values than traditional cereal grains, such as high concentration of protein, fatty acids, tocopherols, phytosterols, phenolic compounds, and low glycaemic index and gluten‐free nature. Its consumption is not spread worldwide due to lack of knowledge regarding nutritional and health benefits of quinoa among consumers. This review summarises the nutritional values, bioactive properties, antinutritional factors, and uses of quinoa seeds and oils.
Development and psychometric testing of Reasoning Skills test for nursing student selection: An item response theory approach
Authors: Vierula Jonna , Talman Kirsi , Hupli Maija , Laakkonen Eero , Engblom Janne , Haavisto Elina 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTAimsTo develop and psychometrically test the Reasoning Skills (ReSki) test assessing undergraduate nursing applicants' reasoning skills for student selection purposes.DesignA methodological cross‐sectional design was applied for the psychometric testing.MethodsThe ReSki test was developed as part of a wider electronic entrance examination. The ReSki test included a case followed by three question sections assessing nursing applicants' reasoning skills according to the reasoning process. Item response theory was used for psychometric testing to assess item discrimination, difficulty and pseudoguessing parameters. The ReSki test was taken by 1056 nursing applicants in six Finnish Universities of Applied Sciences (28 May 2019).ResultsIn the development process, the expert evaluations indicated acceptable content validity. In the psychometric testing, the test reliability was supported by item variance, the theoretical structure was supported by the correlation coefficients and the applicant mean performance supported an acceptable overall test difficulty. The item response theory indicated variance between the items’ difficulty and discrimination ranges. However, most of the wrong items failed at being functional distractors.ConclusionThe ReSki test is a new and valid objective assessment of undergraduate nursing applicants' reasoning skills. The item response theory provided item‐level information that can be used for further development of the test, especially related to the revisions needed for the distractor items to achieve the desired level of difficulty.ImpactWhat problem did the study address? The assessment of nursing applicants' reasoning skills is suggested, but there is a lack of admission tools. What were the main findings? The results provided support for the reliability and validity of the ReSki test. Item response theory indicated the need for further item‐level improvement. Where and on whom will the research have an impact? The results may benefit higher education institutions and researchers when developing a test and/or student selection processes.
Mixed‐methods systematic review: Cultural attitudes, beliefs and practices of internationally educated nurses towards end‐of‐life care in the context of cancer
Authors: Balante Jay , van den Broek Diane , White Kate 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo identify and analyse the cultural attitudes, beliefs and practices of internationally educated nurses towards end‐of‐life care in the context of cancer.BackgroundCultural heritage shape beliefs and practices about cancer and end of life, which complicates nursing care delivery. While previous studies centred on diverse patients’ perspectives and cultural competence of healthcare professionals, little analysis available focusing on the cultural attitudes and beliefs of care providers from diverse backgrounds.DesignMixed methods systematic review.Data sourcesCINAHL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsychINFO and Scopus were searched between January and March 2020. No date limit was applied.Review methodsQuality appraisal was conducted using the mixed‐method appraisal tool. Convergent segregated synthesis was undertaken. Findings were thematically synthesised with the final synthesis presented narratively.ResultsSeven studies were included: three qualitative, two quantitative and two mixed methods. None of the studies focused on the end‐of‐life care experiences of IENs in the context of cancer. One study reported views on cancer, with all studies analysing the cultural attitudes, beliefs and practices of internationally educated nurses towards end‐of‐life care. Three main themes were identified: the philosophy of care, approaches to care and perceptions of death and dying.ConclusionThe distinct gap in research on understanding the cultural attitudes and beliefs of internationally educated nurses in end‐of‐life care in the context of cancer demands further research. Several aspects of end‐of‐life care were in conflict with internationally educated nurses’ cultural attitudes, beliefs and practices. As these nurses are integral in achieving culturally competent care, further understanding of this phenomenon is required to advance the delivery of culturally sensitive care to patients.ImpactStakeholders, including the nursing workforce, need to play an active role in providing a culturally inclusive workplace. Support measures are necessary to reduce the impact of cultural conflicts experienced by internationally educated nurses.
Genetic, social and maternal contributions to Mycobacterium bovis infection status in European badgers (Meles meles)
Authors: Marjamäki Paula H. , Dugdale Hannah L. , Delahay Richard , McDonald Robbie A. , Wilson Alastair J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWithin host populations, individuals can vary in their susceptibility to infections and in the severity and progression of disease once infected. Though mediated through differences in behaviour, resistance or tolerance, variation in disease outcomes ultimately stems from genetic and environmental (including social) factors. Despite obvious implications for the evolutionary, ecological and epidemiological dynamics of disease traits, the relative importance of these factors has rarely been quantified in naturally infected wild animal hosts. Here, we use a long‐term capture–mark–recapture study of group‐living European badgers (Meles meles) to characterize genetic and environmental sources of variation in host infection status by Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB). We find that genetic factors contribute to M. bovis infection status, whether measured over a lifetime or across repeated captures. In the latter case, the heritability (h2) of infection status is close to zero in cubs and yearlings but increases in adulthood. Overall, environmental influences arising from a combination of social group membership (defined in time and space) and maternal effects appear to be more important than genetic factors. Thus, while genes do contribute to among‐individual variation, they play a comparatively minor role, meaning that rapid evolution of host defences under parasite‐mediated selection is unlikely (especially if selection is on young animals where h2 is lowest). Conversely, our results lend further support to the view that social and early‐life environments are important drivers of the dynamics of bTB infection in badger populations specifically, and of disease traits in wild hosts more generally.
Deep learnt grading of almond kernels
Authors: Vidyarthi Sriram K. , Singh Samrendra K , Xiao Hong‐Wei , Tiwari Rakhee 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFour deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) models, including Inception‐V3, ResNet50, VGG‐16, and a custom model were proposed to perform almond classification in five categories based on the adulteration of whole almond kernels with 0, 5, 15, 25, and 35% of broken almonds. Their performances were compared by statistical measures, including recall, specificity, precision, accuracy, and F1‐score. The results revealed that the models demonstrated great classification accuracies with the highest value achieved by ResNet50 (99%) and the minimum by the custom model (92.2%) while classifying different categories of almonds. However, compared to the three established models, the custom model had significantly lower precision and specificity values (minimum values 77.6 and 81%, respectively). Though, Inception‐V3, ResNet50, and VGG‐16 showed higher promises in overall almond classification compared to the custom model, their structures were bulker and more complex and required higher processing power and training time. The models attained good training and validation accuracy curves, showing a good fitting of the models for almond classification. The loss curves of the custom model were slightly underfit.Practical ApplicationCalifornia is the largest producer and supplier of almonds in the world. Despite technological advances, the grading of almond kernels is still a labor intensive and tedious process in California, let alone rest of the almond producers worldwide. The grading of almond kernels through machine learning algorithm using image processing and DCNN in this study can be extremely valuable for a rapid and automated grading of almond kernels on industrial scale.
From genes to networks: The genetic control of leaf development
Authors: Wang Hongfeng , Kong Fanjiang , Zhou Chuanen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSubstantial diversity exists for both the size and shape of the leaf, the main photosynthetic organ of flowering plants. The two major forms of leaf are simple leaves, in which the leaf blade is undivided, and compound leaves, which comprise several leaflets. Leaves form at the shoot apical meristem from a group of undifferentiated cells, which first establish polarity, then grow and differentiate. Each of these processes is controlled by a combination of transcriptional regulators, microRNAs and phytohormones. The present review documents recent advances in our understanding of how these various factors modulate the development of both simple leaves (focusing mainly on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana) and compound leaves (focusing mainly on the model legume species Medicago truncatula).
Facial attraction: an exploratory study of the judgements made by people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Donnachie M. , Jones B. , Jahoda A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough romantic or sexual attraction is a major research topic in the general population, little is known about people with intellectual disabilities' (ID) views of attractiveness.MethodsFifty‐eight participants (16–40 years) took part in this exploratory study, 29 with ID and 29 without ID. Participants were shown 50 images of men or women's faces and asked to rate how attractive they thought the faces were.ResultsA strong association was found between what men and women with ID and those without ID considered attractive in romantic partners. However, people with ID were more likely to consider themselves desirable to others.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that people with mild ID make the same subtle judgements about facial attraction as other individuals.
Melatonin‐dependent changes in neurosteroids are associated with increased aggression in a seasonally breeding rodent
Authors: Munley Kathleen M. , Trinidad Jonathan C. , Deyoe Jessica E. , Adaniya Catherine H. , Nowakowski Andrea M. , Ren Clarissa C. , Murphy Grace V. , Reinhart John M. , Demas Gregory E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAggression is a complex social behaviour that allows individuals to compete for access to limited resources (eg, mates, food and territories). Excessive or inappropriate aggression, however, has become problematic in modern societies, and current treatments are largely ineffective. Although previous work in mammals suggests that aggressive behaviour varies seasonally, seasonality is largely overlooked when developing clinical treatments for inappropriate aggression. Here, we investigated how the hormone melatonin regulates seasonal changes in neurosteroid levels and aggressive behaviour in Siberian hamsters, a rodent model of seasonal aggression. Specifically, we housed males in long‐day (LD) or short‐day (SD) photoperiods, administered timed s.c. melatonin injections (which mimic a SD‐like signal) or control injections, and measured aggression using a resident‐intruder paradigm after 9 weeks of treatment. Moreover, we quantified five steroid hormones in circulation and in brain regions associated with aggressive behaviour (lateral septum, anterior hypothalamus, medial amygdala and periaqueductal gray) using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. SD hamsters and LD hamsters administered timed melatonin injections (LD‐M) displayed increased aggression and exhibited region‐specific decreases in neural dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone and oestradiol, but showed no changes in progesterone or cortisol. Male hamsters also showed distinct associations between neurosteroids and aggressive behaviour, in which neural progesterone and dehydroepiandrosterone were positively correlated with aggression in all treatment groups, whereas neural testosterone, oestradiol and cortisol were negatively correlated with aggression only in LD‐M and SD hamsters. Collectively, these results provide insight into a novel neuroendocrine mechanism of mammalian aggression, in which melatonin reduces neurosteroid levels and elevates aggressive behaviour.
A model of nurses’ intention to care of patients with COVID‐19: Mediating roles of job satisfaction and organisational commitment
Authors: Sharif Nia Hamid , Arslan Gökmen , Naghavi Navaz , Sivarajan Froelicher Erika , Kaveh Omolhoda , Pahlevan Sharif Saeed , Rahmatpour Pardis 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAim and ObjectivesThis study aims to test the hypothesis that job satisfaction and organisational commitment might play a mediating roles between workload, quality of supervision, extra‐role behaviour, pay satisfaction and intention to care of patients with COVID‐19.BackgroundGiven the high incidence of coronavirus and shortage of nurses in Iranian hospitals, learning about nurses’ intention to care for patients with COVID‐19 is important.DesignIn this cross‐sectional study, 648 Iranian nurses were surveyed during March 2020. The online questionnaire consisted of two parts. The mediating role was explored for the following: job satisfaction and commitment in the association of workload, quality of supervisor, extra‐role behaviours, and pay satisfaction with the intention to care. The study adhered to STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies.ResultsThe results of this study show that job satisfaction and organisational commitment mediated the relationship of nurses’ workload, quality of supervisor, extra‐role behaviours, and pay satisfaction with the intention to care for patients with COVID‐19.ConclusionThe results of the study indicate the importance of job satisfaction and organisational commitment as mechanisms that help to understand the association of nurses’ workload, quality of supervisor, extra‐role behaviours and pay satisfaction with the intention to care during the COVID‐19 pandemic.Relevance to clinical practiceHospital managers need to attend to the role of nurses’ job satisfaction and other organisational factors to ensure that they can cope with the challenges of the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Living with the risk of being infected: COPD patients' experiences during the coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Mousing Camilla Askov , Sørensen Dorthe 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsTo explore the existential significance of living with the risk of being infected with coronavirus in patients with COPD.BackgroundDistancing measures aim to break the coronavirus transmission chains. Physical separation from social networks and social isolation are correlated with anxiety and depression. People with a chronic obstructive lung disease are particularly vulnerable due to the increased risk of a serious course of illness, so therefore many of them choose self‐isolation to protect themselves from COVID‐19.DesignA qualitative exploratory study using individual semi‐structured interviews.MethodsFrom June–September 2020, 13 participants were recruited through advertisements on Facebook as a convenience sample for semi‐structured individual interviews. The interviews took place through virtual platforms or in physical meetings. Data were analysed using Ricoeur's phenomenological approach, involving naïve reading, a structural analysis and a critical interpretation strategy. The study has been reported in line with COREQ guidelines.FindingsLiving with the threat of being infected with coronavirus has greatly affected everyday life for patients with COPD. The nagging fear of coronavirus as a death threat was a dominant feeling, together with anxiety, loneliness and hope. With self‐isolation, followed concerns of being forgotten and thoughts of the future, balancing between fearing the worst, and hoping the best.ConclusionsPatients with moderate to severe COPD feel compelled to self‐isolate, as they fear dying from COVID‐19. The study revealed a need for proactive contact with health professionals to calm the patients' feelings of deprivation, loneliness, hopelessness and anxiety.Relevance to clinical practiceInformation about the patient's perspective may be used to develop targeted interventions aimed at giving adequate information, supporting hope, implementing digital or virtual solutions to keep in contact and avoid the feeling of being alone and forgotten during a pandemic crisis.
Validation of the FIGO 2018 staging system of cervical cancer: Retrospective analysis of FIGO 2009 stage IB1 cervical cancer with tumor under 2 cm
Authors: Takahashi Mio , Sakai Kensuke , Iwasa Naomi , Wada Michiko , Hino Makiko , Kurahashi Takashi , Ueno Mari , Nakagawa Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimThe International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) revised the cervical cancer staging system in 2018. This study aims to validate the revised staging system in patients with tumors <2 cm in size who were classified as FIGO 2009 stage IB1.MethodsWe evaluated 62 women with stage IB1 cervical cancer (FIGO 2009) who underwent radical hysterectomy as the initial treatment between November 2004 and August 2018 in our institution. The patients with FIGO 2009 stage IB1 and tumors <2 cm in size were enrolled. We reclassified their stage according to the FIGO 2018 staging system and analyzed their clinicopathological data retrospectively.ResultsTwenty‐five patients met the inclusion criteria. According to the FIGO 2018 classification, 9 (36.0%) patients were classified as stage IA, 13 (52.0%) as stage IB1, and 3 (12.0%) as stage IIIC, respectively. One (11.1%), six (46.2%), and three (100%) patients with lymphovascular space invasion were classified as stage IA, IB1, and IIIC, respectively. No significant differences were found in the 5‐year overall survival or progression‐free survival among the three stages.ConclusionsAs many as 36.0% of patients classified as FIGO 2009 stage IB1 with a tumor <2 cm in size were classified as stage IA in the FIGO 2018 classification. For these cases, a treatment less invasive than radical hysterectomy or radiotherapy might be sufficient. Our results suggest that cervical cancer patients with tumors <2 cm should be carefully diagnosed by performing cervical conization and assessed the pathological findings before hysterectomy.
Trends and cycles in U.S. job mobility
Authors: Stijepic Damir 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecent studies document a decline in U.S. labor‐market fluidity from as early as the 1970s on. Making use of the Annual Social and Economic supplement to the Current Population Survey, I uncover a pronounced increase in job‐to‐job mobility from the 1970s to the 1990s, i.e. the annual share of continuously employed job‐to‐job movers rises from 5.9% of the labor force in 1975–1979 to 8.8% in 1995–1999. Job‐to‐job mobility exhibits a downward trend only since the turn of the millennium. In order to provide a formal economic interpretation, I additionally estimate the parameters of the random on‐the‐job search model. Furthermore, I document that job‐to‐job mobility has an unconditional correlation of −0.86 with the unemployment rate at business‐cycle frequencies in 1975–2017, varying by around 3 percentage points over the business cycle.
Octree‐based point cloud simulation to assess the readiness of highway infrastructure for autonomous vehicles
Authors: Gouda Maged , Mirza Jehanzeb , Weiß Jonas , Ribeiro Castro Augusto , El‐Basyouny Karim 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAutonomous vehicles (AVs) are anticipated to supersede human drivers with an expectation of improved safety and operation. Since current infrastructure is designed based on the constraints caused by human drivers, it must be reassessed for autonomous driving compatibility. Recently, representatives from the infrastructure owners/operators (IOOs), automotive industry, and academia have advocated for new approaches to prepare roadways for the deployment of AVs over the next decade. Following these recommendations, this paper proposes a novel, simulation‐based approach for the assessment of highways "readiness" for AVs using 3D point cloud data. The proposed method uses octrees to perform volumetric queries for potential obstructions within an AV sensory field. The proposed approach is compared to a state‐of‐the‐art raycasting approach. Consequently, available sight distances and maximum safe speed limits based on road and AV characteristics are proposed. Finally, a discussion of the potential mitigation measures at the locations with limited sight distances is presented.
Incidence of post‐induction hypoxemia in children and the effect of induction gas composition
Authors: Cumin David , Baker Paul A. , Anderson Brian J. 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundPediatric preoxygenation and inhalation induction of anesthesia can include a mixture of gases. In children, the clinical impact on oxygenation while using other gases with oxygen during an inhalation induction is unknown.AimWe aimed to determine the impact of oxygen, nitrous oxide, and air concentrations added to the volatile agent by recording the incidence of hypoxemia following an inhalation gaseous induction in children.MethodRecords from an Automated Information Management System were used to find the incidence of hypoxemia following an inhalation induction of anesthesia. Episodes of hypoxemia (SaO2 < 90% sustained for at least 120 s) were recorded in the 10 min after the 3‐min induction period. Nitrous oxide and oxygen concentrations were recorded and nitrogen concentration was deduced. We also considered patient sex, age, and ASA status as covariates.ResultsA total of 27 258 cases were included in the analysis. The overall incidence of hypoxemia following an inhalation induction of anesthesia was 5.08% (95% CI 4.83 5.35). Hypoxemia was more common in younger patients and those with higher ASA scores. Controlling for those factors and sex, the incidence of hypoxemia increased 1.2‐fold when inspired oxygen concentration was less than 60% and hypoxemia was 2.37 times greater than the overall incidence when the inspired oxygen concentration was less than 40%. There was no clear effect of different concentrations of nitrous oxide or nitrogen when those were factored into the model.ConclusionThe risk of hypoxemia following an inhalation induction of anesthesia in children is minimized when the inspired concentration of oxygen is greater than 60%.