bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early genomic detection of SARS-CoV-2 P.1 variant in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Tosta Stephane , Giovanetti Marta , Brandão Nardy Vanessa , de Oliveira da Silva Luciana Reboredo , Gómez Marcela Kelly Astete , Lima Jaqueline Gomes , Cardoso Cristiane Wanderley , Silva Tarcisio Oliveira , São Pedro Leal de Souza Marcia , Dia Pedro H. Presta , Fonseca Vagner , Lourenço José , Alcantara Luiz Carlos Junior , Pereira Felicidade , Leal Arabela 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTracking the spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern is crucial to inform public health efforts and control the ongoing pandemic. Here, we report genetic evidence for circulation of the P.1 variant in Northeast Brazil. We advocate for increased active surveillance to ensure adequate control of this variant throughout the country.Article Summary LineActive genomic surveillance of SARS- CoV-2 suspected cases from recent travelers reveals the circulation of the P1 variant of concern in Bahia state, Northeast Brazil.
Ongoing long-lasting insecticide-treated net distribution efforts are insufficient to maintain high rates of use among children in rural Uganda
Authors: Cote Claire M. , Goel Varun , Muhindo Rabbison , Baguma Emmanuel , Ntaro Moses , Shook-Sa Bonnie E. , Reyes Raquel , Staedke Sarah G. , Mulogo Edgar M. , Boyce Ross M. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundLong-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) remain a cornerstone of malaria control, but optimal distribution strategies to sustain universal coverage are not well-definedMethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey of 2,190 households in the highlands of western Uganda to examine LLIN source and use among children age with elevation and distance to clinic being the primary variables of interest.ResultsWe found that only 64.7% (95% CI 64.0 – 65.5%) of children were reported to have slept under a LLIN the previous night. Compared to those living <1 km from a health center, households at ≥ 2 km were less likely to report the child sleeping under a LLIN (RR 0.86, 95% CI: 0.83 – 0.89, p<.001). Households located farther from a health center received a higher proportion of nets from government distributions compared to households living closer to health centers.ConclusionsContinuous, clinic-based distribution efforts were insufficient to sustain high rates of LLIN use among children between mass distribution campaigns. More frequent campaigns and complementary approaches are required to achieve and maintain universal LLIN coverage in rural areas.
Computed-tomography estimates of interaural mismatch in insertion depth and scalar location in bilateral cochlear-implant users
Authors: Goupell Matthew J. , Noble Jack H. , Phatak Sandeep A. , Kolberg Elizabeth , Cleary Miranda , Stakhovskaya Olga A. , Jensen Kenneth K. , Hoa Michael , Kim H. Jeffrey , Bernstein Joshua G. W. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTHypothesisWe hypothesized that the bilateral cochlear-implant (BI-CI) users would have a range of interaural insertion-depth mismatch because of different physical placements or characteristics of the arrays, but less than half of electrodes would have less than 75° or 3 mm of interaural insertion-depth mismatch. We also hypothesized that interaural insertion- depth mismatch would be more prevalent nearer the apex, when electrodes were located outside of scala tympani (i.e., possible interaural scalar mismatch), and when the arrays were a mix of pre-curved and straight types.BackgroundBrainstem neurons in the superior olivary complex are exquisitely sensitive to interaural differences, the cues to sound localization. These binaurally sensitive neurons rely on interaurally place-of-stimulation-matched inputs at the periphery. BI-CI users may have interaural differences in insertion depth and scalar location, causing interaural place- of-stimulation mismatch that impairs binaural abilities.MethodsInsertion depths and scalar locations were calculated from temporal-bone computed-tomography (CT) scans of 107 BI-CI users (27 Advanced Bionics, 62 Cochlear, and 18 Med-El). Each subject had either both pre-curved, both straight, or one of each type of array (mixed).ResultsThe median interaural insertion-depth mismatch was 23.4° or 1.3 mm. Relatively large interaural insertion-depth mismatch sufficient to disrupt binaural processing occurred for about 15% of electrode pairs [defined as >75° (13.0% of electrode pairs) or >3 mm (19.0% of electrode pairs)]. There was a significant three-way interaction of insertion depth, scalar location, and array type. Interaural insertion-depth mismatch was most prevalent when electrode pairs were more apically located, electrode pairs had interaural scalar mismatch (i.e., one in Scala Tympani, one in Scala Vestibuli), and when the arrays were both pre-curved.ConclusionLarge interaural insertion-depth mismatch can occur in BI-CI users. For new BI-CI users, improved surgical techniques to avoid interaural insertion-depth and scalar mismatch is recommended. For existing BI-CI users with interaural insertion-depth mismatch, interaural alignment of clinical frequency allocation tables by an audiologist might remediate any negative consequences to spatial-hearing abilities.
When thinking you are better leads to feeling worse: Self-other asymmetries in pro-social behavior and increased anxiety during Covid-19
Authors: Helion Chelsea , Ulichney Virginia , Smith David V. , Jarcho Johanna 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSelf-favoring beliefs (e.g., that one tends to perform better than peers) are generally associated with positive psychological outcomes like increased self-esteem and resilience. However, this tendency may be problematic in the context of collective action problems, wherein individuals are reliant on others’ pro-social behaviors to achieve larger goals. We examined this question in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, and recruited participants (n= 1023) from a university community in Spring 2020. We found evidence for a self-peer asymmetry, such that participants reported that they were doing more to stop the spread of the disease and were more pro-socially motivated than peers. Actual peer reports indicated that these were overestimations. This self-enhancement tendency comes with a cost: the perceived self-peer asymmetry mediated the relationship between Covid-specific worry and general anxiety during the early lockdown period. This indicates that while believing one is doing more than others may be maladaptive in collective action problems.
Trends in homelessness and injection practices among young urban and suburban people who inject drugs: 1997-2017
Authors: Hotton Anna L. , Mackesy-Amiti Mary Ellen , Boodram Basmattee 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundAmong young people who inject drugs (PWID) homelessness is associated with numerous adverse psychosocial and health consequences, including risk of relapse and overdose, psychological distress and suicidality, limited treatment access, and injection practices that increase the risk of HIV and hepatitis C (HCV) transmission. Homeless PWID may also be less likely to access sterile syringes through pharmacies or syringe service programs.MethodsThis study applied random-effects meta-regression to examine trends over time in injection risk behaviors and homelessness among young PWID in Chicago and surrounding suburban and rural areas using data from 11 studies collected between 1997 and 2017. In addition, subject-level data were pooled to evaluate the effect of homelessness on risk behaviors across all studies using mixed effects logistic and negative binomial regression with random study effects.ResultsThere was a significant increase in homelessness among young PWID over time, consistent with the general population trend of increasing youth homelessness. In mixed-effects regression, homelessness was associated with injection risk behaviors (receptive syringe sharing, syringe mediated sharing, equipment sharing) and exchange sex, though we detected no overall changes in risk behavior over time.ConclusionsIncreases over time in homelessness among young PWID highlight a need for research to understand factors contributing to youth homelessness to inform HIV/STI, HCV, and overdose prevention and intervention services for this population.
Basivertebral nerve block during vertebral augmentation: An alternative approach to intraprocedural pain management
Authors: Santoro Giovanni C. , Kulkarni Siddhant , Lien Kenny 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVertebral compression fractures secondary to osteoporosis can be treated with vertebral augmentation. Since intraprocedural pain is common during vertebral body endplate manipulation, these procedures are often carried out using conscious sedation or general anesthesia. Research has shown that the vertebral endplates are innervated by the basivertebral nerve, which has been successfully targeted via radiofrequency ablation to treat chronic vertebrogenic lower back pain. With this physiology in mind, we treated ten patients with vertebral compression using intraosseous basivertebral nerve block as the primary intraprocedural analgesia. In this case series, we describe our successful experience with this novel approach.
Self-Reported Stress and Questionnaires in People With Autism Spectrum Disorder: a Systematic Review
Authors: Thoen Anoushka , Steyaert Jean , Alaerts Kaat , Evers Kris , Damme Tine Van 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo gain more insight into the experience of stress in individuals with ASD, it is important to use appropriate self-report questionnaires. The goal of this systematic review was to provide an overview of these.MethodThe PRISMA guidelines were followed and four online databases were systematically searched.ResultsSeven questionnaires have been used previously in individuals with ASD. None of the 22 included studies intended to assess the psychometric properties, leading towards scarce evidence concerning their reliability and validity in this population.ConclusionsIt is important to consider which concept of stress one aims to measure as not all questionnaires cover the same aspects of stress. Further research concerning psychometric properties of the questionnaires in this population is required.
Lower help-seeking intentions and subsequent depressive symptoms among adolescents with high autistic traits: A population-based cohort study
Authors: Hosozawa Mariko , Yamasaki Syudo , Ando Shuntaro , Endo Kaori , Morimoto Yuko , Kanata Sho , Fujikawa Shinya , Cable Noriko , Iso Hiroyasu , Hiraiwa-Hasegawa Mariko , Kasai Kiyoto , Nishida Atsushi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdolescents with high autistic traits in the general population are at increased risk of depression. Despite the importance of help-seeking for early intervention, evidence on help-seeking intentions among this population is scarce.AimsTo examine the help-seeking intentions and preferences for depression by the level of autistic traits in adolescents, and test how help-seeking intentions mediate the association between autistic traits and depressive symptoms.MethodParticipants were from the Tokyo Teen Cohort, a population-based cohort in Japan. They were classified into two groups according to parent-rated autistic traits measured by the short-version of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (≥6 as AQhigh). Help-seeking intentions and preferences were assessed at age 12 using a depression vignette. Depressive symptoms were self-rated at age 14 using the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire. Data were analysed using multivariable regression analysis and structural equation modelling.ResultsOf the 2,505 adolescents in the study, 200 (8%) were classified as AQhigh. In the AQhigh-group, 40% of the adolescents reported not having help-seeking intentions, although 93% recognised the need and 97% had someone to rely on. Parents of the AQhigh-group also reported fewer help-seeking intentions. The AQhigh-group was associated with an increased risk of not having help-seeking intentions (OR 1.83, 95%CI 1.35–2.49), which explained 19% of the above association.ConclusionsLower help-seeking intentions among adolescents with high autistic traits partially explained their increased risk for subsequent depressive symptoms. Interventions to promote help-seeking intentions among this population should involve both adolescents and their parents and ideally be provided before adolescence.
Performance of RT-PCR on saliva specimens compared to nasopharyngeal swabs for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in children: A prospective comparative clinical trial
Authors: Fougère Yves , Schwob Jean Marc , Miauton Alix , Hoegger Francesca , Opota Onya , Jaton Katia , Brouillet Rene , Greub Gilbert , Genton Blaise , Gehri Mario , Taddeo Ilaria , D’Acremont Valérie , Asner Sandra A. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundSaliva RT-PCR is an attractive alternative for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in adults with much less known in children.MethodsChildren and adolescents with symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 were prospectively enrolled in a comparative clinical trial of saliva and nasopharyngeal (NP) RT-PCR between November and December 2020. Detection rates and sensitivities of saliva and NP RT-PCR were compared. Participants with discordant NP and saliva RT-PCR results including viral load (VL) were also analyzed.ResultOut of 405 patients enrolled, 397 patients had two tests performed. Mean age was 12.7 years (range 1.2-17.9). Detection rates were 22.9% (95%CI 18.8-27.1%) by saliva RT-PCR, 25.4% (21.2-29.7%) by NP RT-PCR, and 26.7% (22.4-31.1%) by any test. The sensitivity of saliva was 85.2% (78.2-92.1%) when using NP as the gold standard; in contrast, when saliva was considered the gold standard, the sensitivity of NP was 94.5% (89.8-99.2%).For a NP RT-PCR VL threshold of ≥103 and ≥104 copies/ml, sensitivity of saliva increases to 88.7% and 95.2% respectively. Sensitivity of saliva and NP swabs was respectively 89.5% and 95.3% in patient with symptoms less than 4 days (p=0.249) and 70.0% and 95.0% in those with symptoms ≥ 4 to 7 days (p=0.096). The 15 patients who had an isolated positive NP RT-PCR were significantly younger (p=0.034), had a lower NP VL (median 5.6×103 vs 3.9×107, p<0.001), and were not able to drool saliva at the end of the sampling (p=0.002). VLs were significantly lower with saliva PCR than with NP RT-PCR (median 8.7 cp/ml x104; IQR 1.2×104-5.2×105; vs median 4.0×107cp/ml; IQR 8.6×105-1.x108; p<0.001).ConclusionSaliva PCR shows diagnostic performances close to NP RT-PCR for SARS-CoV2 detection in most symptomatic outpatient children and adolescents.
FRONTLINE COMMUNITIES AND SARS-COV-2 - MULTI-POPULATION MODELING WITH AN ASSESSMENT OF DISPARITY BY RACE/ETHNICITY USING ENSEMBLE DATA ASSIMILATION
Authors: Fleurantin Emmanuel , Sampson Christian , Maes Daniel Paul , Bennet Justin , Fernandez-Nunez Tayler , Marx Sophia , Evensen Geir 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has imposed many strenuous effects on the global economy, community, and medical infrastructure. Since the out- break, researchers and policymakers have scrambled to develop ways to identify how COVID-19 will affect specific sub-populations so that good public health decisions can be made. To this end, we adapt the work of Evensenet al[1] which introduces a SEIR model that incorporates an age-stratified contact matrix, a time dependent effective reproduction numberR, and uses ensemble data assimilation to estimate model parameters. The adaptation is an extension of Evensen’s modeling framework, in which we model sub-populations with varying risks of contracting SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) in a particular state, each with a characteristic age-stratified contact matrix. In this work, we will focus on 9 U.S. states as well as the District of Columbia. We estimate the effective reproductive number as a function of time for our different sub-populations and then divide them into two groups: frontline communities (FLCs) and the complement (NFLCs). Our model will account for mixing both within populations (intra-population mixing) and between populations (inter-population mixing). Our data is conditioned on the daily numbers of accumulated deaths for each sub-population. We aim to test and demonstrate methodologies that can be used to assess critical metrics of the pandemic’s evolution which are difficult to directly measure. The output may ultimately be of use to measure the success or failures of the pandemic response and provide experts and policymakers a tool to create better plans for a future outbreak or pandemic. We consider the results of this work to be a reanalysis of pandemic evolution across differently affected sub-populations which may also be used to improve modeling and forecasts.
Clinical presentation and in-hospital outcomes of older patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Montreal, Canada: a retrospective review
Authors: Couture Sandrine , Lepage Marc-Antoine , Godard-Sebillotte Claire , Sourial Nadia , Talbot-Hamon Catherine , Kremer Richard , Grunbaum Ami 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundOlder adults are more vulnerable to severe infection and mortality due to COVID-19. They often have atypical presentations of the disease without respiratory symptoms, which makes early diagnosis clinically challenging. We aimed to compare the baseline characteristics, presentation, and disease course of older and younger patients hospitalized with COVID-19.MethodsThe charts of 429 consecutive patients hospitalized in Montreal, Canada, with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 were retrospectively reviewed. Baseline health, presentation, in-hospital complications, and outcomes were recorded. Desegregation by age was performed to compare older (≥70) versus younger (<70) individuals.ResultsOlder patients presented with more comorbidities compared to younger patients as captured by the Charlson Comorbidity Index (mean 6 vs 2), including higher rates of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, chronic obstructive pulmonary, and chronic kidney disease. Older patients were less likely than younger patients to present with cough (27% vs 47%) or dyspnea (33% vs 48%). Fifty-two (52%) had no respiratory symptoms on presentation compared to 32% in the younger group (p<0.001); however, they were more likely to present with geriatric syndromes such as delirium (29% vs 7%), functional decline (14% vs 0.6%), or falls (15% vs 5%). Twelve (12%) of older patients presented with a geriatric syndrome as their sole symptom compared to 3% in the younger group (p=0.002). Older adults were more likely to develop acute kidney injury (35% vs 22%), malnutrition (9% vs 4%), delirium (29% vs 17%) and hypernatremia (32% vs 17%). They had higher in-hospital mortality (33% vs 13%, p<0.001).DiscussionOlder adults presenting to hospital with COVID-19 commonly have no respiratory symptoms and can present with only a geriatric syndrome. A new geriatric syndrome in an older person should trigger isolation and evaluation for COVID-19. Furthermore, older adults are particularly vulnerable to complications related to dehydration, warranting early initiation of multidisciplinary care.
Is bigger always better? Neither body size nor aggressive behavior are good predictors to measure the degree of specialization of hummingbird interaction networks in rocky outcrops
Authors: Claudino Ricardo Marcelino , Antonini Yasmine , Martins Cristiane , do Vale Beirão Marina , Braga Érika Martins , de Azevedo Cristiano Schetini 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInterspecific competition can strongly influence community structure and shape niche breadth and overlap. One of the main factors that determine the hummingbird community structure is competition for food. Hummingbirds functional attributes, such as beak length and body mass, influence nectar acquisition in the flowers, shaping foraging niches according to hummingbird dominance and foraging strategy. This study evaluates how the hummingbirds’ functional and behavioral attributes are related to plants assemblage in rocky outcrops’ habitats. We tested the following hypothesis: H1) Functional traits (beak length and body mass) are related to the richness and frequency of pollen grain morphotypes carried by hummingbirds; H2) Dominant and territorial hummingbirds carry a lower richness and frequency of pollen types when compared to subordinate hummingbirds, and H3) Hummingbird species carry different types of pollen grains. We conducted the study between September 2018 and March 2019 in aCampo Rupestre(rocky outcrops) in Southeastern Brazil. Hummingbirds were captured with a trap built based on trapdoors. We recorded their beak size and body masses, marked with commercial bird rings and ink on parts of the body, and then released. Behavioral responses to artificial feeders were collected regarding each visit’s time and duration and the outcome of aggressive interactions. The pollen adhered to the body parts was collected and identified in the laboratory. Our results showed that neither body size nor aggressive behaviors influenced pollen richness and frequency in rocky outcrops. Beak length was the most important hummingbirds’ attribute that influenced pollen richness, but not pollen frequency. Short-billed hummingbirds carried the greatest richness of pollen grains. Pollen grain richness and frequency were not related to hummingbird body mass or aggressive behavior. The hummingbird-pollen grain interaction network has shown to be generalized in the pollen grain transport. We conclude that hummingbirds’ beak length is the central morphological variable to measure pollen grain transport. It has direct implications for the pollination of different plant species.
Dynamic signatures of the Eureka effect: An EEG study
Authors: Lu Yiqing , Singer Wolf 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Eureka effect refers to the common experience of suddenly solving a problem. Here we study this effect in a pattern recognition paradigm that requires the segmentation of complex scenes and recognition of objects on the basis of Gestalt rules and prior knowledge. In the experiments both sensory evidence and prior knowledge were manipulated in order to obtain trials that do or do not converge towards a perceptual solution. Subjects had to detect objects in blurred scenes and signal recognition with manual responses. Neural dynamics were analyzed with high-density Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings. The results show significant changes of neural dynamics with respect to spectral distribution, coherence, phase locking, and fractal dimensionality. The Eureka effect was associated with increased coherence of oscillations in the alpha and theta band over widely distributed regions of the cortical mantle predominantly in the right hemisphere. This increase in coherence was associated with a decrease of beta band activity over parietal and central regions, and with a decrease of alpha power over frontal and occipital areas. In addition, there was a lateralized reduction of fractal dimensionality for activity recorded from the right hemisphere. These results suggest that the transition towards the solution of a perceptual task is mainly associated with a change of network dynamics in the right hemisphere that is characterized by enhanced coherence and reduced complexity. We propose that the Eureka effect requires cooperation of cortical regions involved in working memory, creative thinking, and the control of attention.