bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extrusion Technologies in Ensuring Sustainable Development
Authors: Volkov Alexander R. , Chernikova Svetlana A. 
Published: July 2021

The relevance of the research is environmental management is the basis for natural resources conservation, environmental protection and environmental safety. Meanwhile, it is important to use the best available technologies for neutralization and processing of production and consumption waste in addition to observance of the legal and environmental rules. Waste management of production and consumption is one of the main directions of the transition to a circular economy and the use of low-waste and non-waste production, which has recently been actively demonstrated by developed countries.
The main aim of extrusive processing of meat waste is considered. Extrusive processing of waste - an effective solution of problems of rational environmental management as allows to make in addition secondary resources products, thereby realizing the principles of economy of the closed cycle; and considerably to reduce environmental pollution due to refusal of burning and waste disposal of livestock production and the meat-processing enterprises.
Subject, tasks and methods of a research is processing of meat waste which call still biological waste and which are formed, generally in livestock production and at the meat-processing enterprises. One of perspective technologies of high-quality processing of waste is extrusive processing.
Research results confirm that In Russia outdated neutralization and recycling of agro-industrial waste technologies lead to the loss of resources. Moreover they have a significant negative impact on the environment. This article deals with the method of extrusion recycling of meat waste. Extrusion recycling of waste is an effective solution to the environmental management problems, as additionally it allows to produce products from secondary resources, thereby the principles of closed-cycle economy are implemented, and significantly reduce environmental pollution by eliminating the burning and disposal of animal waste and meat processing plants. Thus, use of extrusive technologies will allow not only to make waste products, to get additional profit, but also to prevent pollution of air, water and land resources harmful substances, providing thereby rational environmental management, and will form a basis of transition to circular economy which formation is impossible without environmental safety.
Balanced Steady-State Free Precision and Time of Flight Noncontrast Magnetic Resonance Angiography in Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Regi Soumya Susan , Irodi Aparna , Keshava Shyamkumar N. , Agarwal Sunil 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose To determine the diagnostic efficacy of balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) and time-of-flight (TOF)-based noncontrast magnetic resonance angiography (NC-MRA) in lower limb peripheral arterial disease (PAD).
Methods Ten patients with suspected PAD underwent both NC-MRA (bSSFP and 2D TOF) and contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CE-MRA)/CT angiography (CTA). A total of 170 arterial segments (17 segments in each patient) were analyzed on NC-MRA and compared with CE-MRA/CTA for quality of images and for estimating the degree of stenoses. Image quality was graded as 1—poor, 2—fair, 3—good, and 4—excellent. The degree of stenoses was graded as 0—normal, 1— < 50% narrowing, 2— > 50% narrowing, 3—near complete/100% occlusion. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of NC-MRA in identifying significant stenosis, as compared with CE-MRA/CTA, were estimated.
Results a) Mean grade of the image quality of NC-MRA was 3.10 and the CE-MRA/CTA was 3.64. b) The agreement in the estimation of the degree of stenosis on NC-MRA as compared with CE-MRA/CTA was substantial in aortoiliac segments (weighted kappa 0.646 [95% CI] [0.361–0.931] [p < 0.001]), almost perfect in femoropopliteal segments (weighted kappa 0.911 [95% CI] [0.79–1.032] [p < 0.001]), and poor in infrapopliteal segments (weighted kappa 0.052 [95% CI] [0.189–0.293] [p < 0.33587]).
Conclusion TOF and bSSFP-based NC-MRA was found to be comparable to the CE-MRA/CTA in the evaluation of PAD in lower limbs in the aortoiliac and femoropopliteal regions. NC-MRA was especially helpful in assessing the aortoiliac vessels and femoropopliteal vessels, with the imaging of infrapopliteal arteries being suboptimal.
Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Critical and Noncritical COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Mansory Eman M. , Srigunapalan Suthan , Lazo-Langner Alejandro 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction Venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been observed as a frequent complication in patients with severe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection requiring hospital admission.
Aim This study was aimed to evaluate the epidemiology of VTE in hospitalized intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU patients.
Materials and Methods PubMed was searched up to November 13, 2020, and updated in December 12, 2020. We included studies that evaluated the epidemiology of VTE, including pulmonary embolism (PE) and/or deep vein thrombosis (DVT), in patients with COVID-19.
Results A total of 91 studies reporting on 35,017 patients with COVID-19 was included. The overall frequency of VTE in all patients, ICU and non-ICU, was 12.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.103–14.605), 24.1% (95% CI: 20.070–28.280), and 7.7% (95% CI: 5.956–9.700), respectively. PE occurred in 8.5% (95% CI: 6.911–10.208), and proximal DVT occurred in 8.2% (95% CI: 6.675–9.874) of all hospitalized patients. The relative risk for VTE associated with ICU admission was 2.99 (95% CI: 2.301–3.887, p <0.001). DVT and PE estimated in studies that adopted some form of systematic screening were higher compared with studies with symptom-triggered screening. Analysis restricted to studies in the 5th quintile of sample size reported significantly lower VTE estimates.
Conclusion This study confirmed a high risk of VTE in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, especially those admitted to the ICU. Nevertheless, sensitivity analysis suggests that previously reported frequencies of VTE in COVID-19 might have been overestimated.
Noncomplicated Surgical Removal of Fractured Maxillary Central Incisor from Lower Lip and Its Reattachment: A Case Report
Authors: Narayan Megha , Singh Rajat Kumar , Singh Aparna , Anand Siddharth , Sulekha Sulekha 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTraumatic injuries to maxillary anterior teeth while playing are common in children and adolescents. Sequelae of such trauma include broken, lost, aspirated, and swallowed tooth. At times, the broken tooth fragments get embedded in the adjoining soft tissue and frequently get neglected during diagnosis. The present case report discusses the case of a 13-year-old adolescent who had broken tooth fragment emerged in the lower lip and its surgical excision to prevent detrimental reactions and scarring.
Infant COVID-19 Infection: An Experience from Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Dedicated Pediatric COVID Hospital
Authors: Sarkar Mihir , Mahapatra Manas Kumar , Ghosh Sanajit , Chowdhoury Satyabrata Roy , Kazi Maha Ashraf , Datta Kalpana 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to assess different clinical, disease severity, laboratory, treatment, and outcome-related factors of COVID-19 positive infants admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and to compare these parameters with COVID-19 positive noninfants (1–12 years of age) who also required intensive care admission. This retrospective observational study was conducted in a PICU of a tertiary care, dedicated pediatric COVID facility. The clinical, epidemiological, laboratory parameters, and treatment outcomes of COVID-19 infected infants admitted to the PICU were recorded and analyzed. During comparison with the noninfant group, malignancy and coinfection with dengue and scrub typhus were excluded from both groups. A total 313 COVID-19 positive children aged from 1 month to 12 years old were admitted, of which 115 (36.7%) children required PICU admission. Infants constituted 37.4% of total PICU admissions. Most common symptoms were respiratory (83.7%) followed by fever (60.5%). Fifteen (34.9%) infants presented with shock. Ten infants (23.3%) had myocardial dysfunction. C-reactive protein (CRP) and ferritin were high in 60.5 and 16.7% infants, respectively. Fourteen infants needed invasive mechanical ventilation. Nine patients had acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and five had MIS-C. However, 53.5% infants had different comorbidities. Four infants died and all of them had severe comorbidities. Respiratory distress (p = 0.009), pediatric sequential organ failure assessment score (p = 0.032) and number of ARDS cases (p = 0.044) were significantly higher in infants than noninfants. Infants are one of the most vulnerable groups of children suffering from serious illness from COVID-19 infection requiring PICU admission due to predominantly respiratory involvement. Overall outcome was good among infants without significant comorbidity.
Role of Increased Lipoprotein (a) in Retinal Vein Occlusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Paciullo Francesco , Giannandrea David , Virgili Gianni , Cagini Carlo , Gresele Paolo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background Increased lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] has been associated with enhanced risk of cardiovascular events and more recently with venous thromboembolism. However, there is inconclusive data on the association between enhanced Lp(a) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO). We aimed to assess the role of Lp(a) in RVO.
Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the studies addressing the role of Lp(a) in RVO. A systematic literature search was performed to identify all published papers reporting Lp(a) levels. Main outcome measures consisted of Lp(a) levels in patients with (cases) or without (controls) RVO.
Results We included 13 studies for a total of 1,040 cases and 16,648 controls. Lp(a) levels above normal limits were associated with RVO (OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.7–3.34) and patients with RVO had higher Lp(a) levels than controls (weighted mean difference: 13.4 mg/dL, 95% CI 8.2–18.6).
Conclusion Increased Lp(a) levels associate with RVO and should be included among diagnostic and prognostic indexes for this unusual-site vein thrombosis. Therapeutic interventions aimed to lower Lp(a) should be tested in RVO patients.
Investigating the potential of ZTO as an efficient and cheap SERS substrate for the identification of bacteria
Authors: Zohaib A. , Mateen A. , Mahmood K. , Ali A. , Amin N. 
Published: July 2021

In recent years, Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) has been considered the best tool for the detection and identification of the least concentration of analytes and micro-organisms, such as bacteria. In this article, we have successfully obtained the SERS signal of Escherichia coli and Methylene Blue (MB) using Zinc Tin Oxide (ZTO) nanostructures as the SERS substrate. The ZTO SERS substrates were grown by a simple thermal evaporation method and annealed at various temperatures ranging from 600 to 800 °C before using them for bacteria identification. After the structural verification and morphological analysis using XRD and SEM, ZTO samples were used as SERS substrates for the detection of E. coli and MB by placing a drop of each solution on the ZTO. SERS data strongly identified the presence of MB and E. coli Raman peaks. Furthermore, it was found that intensity of signals (for both E. coli and MB) was found to be improved from SERS substrates that are pre-annealed at higher temperature. The intensity of Raman peaks for E. coli and MB was increased by 60 000 and 120 000 counts as the annealing temperature increased to 600 and 800 °C, respectively. An enhancement factor of 1.44 × 104 was observed for MB. Results obtained in this study indicate that zinc oxide based nanostructured SERS chips are potential candidates for rapid identification of many pathogens.
Toward nearshore, bathymetry induced wave amplification in False Bay, South Africa
Authors: Salonen Nicholas , Rautenbach Christo 
Published: July 2021

A seamount called Rocky Bank (RB) has been suspected to spatially focus wave energy toward the eastern periphery of False Bay, South Africa, where it is not uncommon for fishermen to get washed off by waves. Situated at the bay’s mouth, the submerged seamount acts like a refracting lens for incoming long-crested swell. The present study aims at understanding the wave transformation effects of RB and the nearshore bathymetry using the phase-averaging spectral wave model simulating waves in the nearshore. Open ocean conditions around the Cape Peninsula, derived from National Center for Environmental Prediction reanalysis products, were used as model boundary conditions. To establish RB’s influence, a bathymetry without RB was created. The model output indicated that coastal significant wave heights were 9% greater when RB was removed. This difference was largest for smaller incident significant wave height and increasing incident peak period. RB also causes wave convergence via refraction and presents evidence for spatial focusing, a coincidental interference, extreme wave generating mechanism. This result, together with recorded incidents and anecdotal evidence, suggests that the wave transformation effects of RB may be leading to extreme waves along the eastern periphery. Evidence for spatial focusing toward the eastern periphery occurred for peak wave directions between 210° and 245° true north and for peak periods greater than 13 s. The likelihood of a wave leading to an incident is greater in smaller, long-crested seas based on the recent literature for the region. To extend this study to predict rogue wave events within False Bay, a phase-resolving model would be required.
A conserved epitope III on hepatitis C virus E2 protein has alternate conformations facilitating cell binding or virus neutralization
Authors: Deng Lu , Hernandez Nancy , Zhong Lilin , Holcomb David D. , Yan Hailing , Virata Maria Luisa , Tarafdar Sreya , Xu Yanqun , He Yong , Struble Evi , Alter Harvey J. , Zhang Pei 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Epitope III, a segment on the E2 glycoprotein of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) which binds to the host receptor CD81, is a key target for antibodies to block HCV entry. By solving the atomic structure of epitope III bound to a site-specific neutralizing antibody, mAb1H8, we showed that the epitope can adopt two distinct conformations by moving the side chains of its amino acids, allowing it to bind with either mAb1H8 or CD81. The coexistence of different conformational states of epitope III suggests its possible role in the regulation of antibody responses. These findings should help to design strategies to control HCV infection by tipping the balance toward epitope III conformations that favor antibody recognition rather than CD81 binding.
Constraints on subject-verb agreement marking in Turkish-German bilingual speakers
Authors: Uygun Serkan , Felser Claudia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Turkish 3rd person plural subjects normally appear with verbs that are unmarked for number. Following earlier
findings which indicate that Turkish heritage speakers (HS) accept overt plural marking more readily compared to monolingually
raised Turkish speakers, the present study investigates to what extent bilingual speakers are sensitive to grammatical,
surface-level and semantic constraints on Turkish plural agreement marking. A scalar acceptability judgement task was carried out
with non-bilingual Turkish speakers residing in Turkey and Turkish-German bilinguals residing in Germany. Our experimental design
involved manipulating both subject animacy and subject position. Participants’ judgement patterns confirmed Turkish speakers’
general preference for unmarked verb forms, which was modulated both by subject animacy and by subject position. Significant
differences were observed between lower proficiency HS on the one hand, and monolinguals and advanced proficiency HS on the other,
suggesting that the relatively subtle interplay between different types of constraint on number agreement marking is affected by
heritage language conditions. We found no evidence for simplification or optionality reduction in the lower proficiency HS’
judgements, however. We innovate on previous research by using Gradient Symbolic Computation modelling to capture between-group
differences in the relative weightings of the constraints under investigation.
Characterising running economy and change of direction economy between soccer players of different playing positions, levels and sex
Authors: Dolci Filippo , Kilding Andrew , Spiteri Tania , Chivers Paola , Piggott Ben , Maiorana Andrew , Hart Nicolas H. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTTraditional movement economy (ME) measures the energetic cost of in‐line running. However, it is debatable whether such a measure is representative of movement efficiency for team sport athletes who are required to run and change direction repeatedly. This study evaluated ME during both in‐line running and runs with directional changes and provided a preliminary exploration as to whether these abilities discriminate soccer players according to playing position, level, and sex. Forty‐three soccer players were assessed for ME as extrapolated from oxygen uptake during in‐line running (RE) and running with changes of directions (using 20 and 10 m shuttle runs [SRE20 and SRE10]) at 8.4 km/h mean speed. ME worsened with change of direction frequency (p < 0.001). Coefficient of determination was high between RE and SRE20 (r 2 = 0.601) but dropped below 0.5 for RE and SRE10 (r 2 = 0.280) as change of direction frequency increased. No significant differences were observed between different player positions, however, centre midfielders reported the best ME across any position and running mode, with the largest differences observed in centre backs over SRE10 (41.9 ± 2.7 ml/kg/min [centre midfielders] vs 45 ± 1.8 ml/kg/min [centre backs]; ES = 1.19). No significant differences were observed for ME over any running condition for male players of different playing levels. Female players exhibited better ME than male players with significant differences observed for SRE10 (41.5 ± 2.6 ml/kg/min [females] vs 44 ± 2.6 ml/kg/min [males]; p = 0.013; ES = 0.94). RE does not adequately account for efficiency during activities that involve changes of direction. SRE10 is a stronger discriminator of ME between soccer players of different position and sex.
Effects of exercise intensity and duration on a myokine, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine
Authors: Miyamoto Toshiaki , Shimizu Yurika , Matsuo Yuka , Otaru Taiki , Kanzawa Yuto , Miyamae Nao , Yamada Eri , Katsuno Tomoyuki 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTSecreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), an exercise‐induced myokine, has been suggested as a potential endogenous factor that suppresses colon tumorigenesis. However, the effects of different exercise protocols on circulating SPARC levels are unclear. The main purpose of this study was to examine the effects of both exercise intensity and duration on circulating SPARC levels. This study also examined the relationship between responsiveness of SPARC levels and physical characteristics, including body composition and skeletal muscle function. Nineteen healthy adult men participated in four experimental interventions: two 30‐min exercises at workloads corresponding to 60% (W60) and 40% (W40) peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), a 45‐min session of W40, and a 30‐min session of complete rest. Blood SPARC and lactate concentrations were measured before and after each session. Only W60 significantly increased serum SPARC levels (p < 0.05), and a significant correlation was found between changes in SPARC levels and lactate concentrations (r = 0.411, p < 0.05). The relative changes in SPARC levels during W60 demonstrated significant positive correlations with skeletal muscle mass and knee extensor muscle strength (both p < 0.05). The increase in serum SPARC levels might be mediated by lactate accumulation and might not, hence, be induced during exercise at the intensity of the first ventilatory threshold levels even though the duration is prolonged. Our results provide fundamental insight into exercise prescription of both exercise intensity and duration for SPARC response, leading to a better understanding of the preventive effects of exercise on colon cancer.Highlight
This study found that the increase in serum secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) levels might be mediated by lactate accumulation and might, hence, be influenced by exercise intensity rather than exercise duration.
An association was found between SPARC response to exercise and skeletal muscle mass.
Our results provide a better understanding of the preventive effects of exercise on colon cancer.
Study on Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria from Banana Pseudostem IMO as Biofertilizer on System of Rice Intensification
Authors: Pratamaningtyas S , Wardhani Tri , Suprihana  
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The two rice farmer groups namely “Asemjajar” and “Makmur” in Wonorejo District-Pasuruan, Indonesia make a banana pseudostem IMO which is used to replace synthetic P fertilizer. This study aimed to: 1. determine if the banana pseudostem IMO contains P elements that can replace synthetic phosphate fertilizers.; 2. Determined whether the banana pseudostem IMO contains phosphate solubilizing bacteria and identified it 3. verified the effect of bacterial inoculant application which was found to the rice growth and production in System of Rice IIntensification. The greenhouse study was a simple experiment using a completely randomized design with 4 treatments i.e. A: ½ dose of manure fertilizer + ½ dose of synthetic fertilizer; B: ½ dose of manure fertilizer + ½ dose of synthetic fertilizer + banana pseudostem IMO; C: ½ dose of manure fertilizer + ½ dose of synthetic fertilizer + bacterial inoculants; D: 1 dose of synthetic fertilizer. The results showed that banana pseudostem IMO contains only 0.025% P2O5. Morphological and biochemical identification results showed that the phosphate solubilizing isolates which were found in banana pseudostem IMO was Serratia marcescens. The greenhouse test results showed that the application of S. marcescens inoculant had a significant effect on the number of tillers at the age of 4-6 weeks after transplanting, increased the weight of 1000 seeds, lowered the empty grains percentage and speeded up the harvest time.