bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Joining forces in Ochnaceae phylogenomics: a tale of two targeted sequencing probe kits
Authors: Shah Toral , Schneider Julio V. , Zizka Georg , Maurin Olivier , Baker William , Forest Félix , Brewer Grace E. , Savolainen Vincent , Darbyshire Iain , Larridon Isabel 
Published: June 2021

PremiseBoth universal and family‐specific targeted sequencing probe kits are becoming widely used for reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships in angiosperms. Within the pantropical Ochnaceae, we show that with careful data filtering, universal kits are equally as capable in resolving intergeneric relationships as custom probe kits. Furthermore, we show the strength in combining data from both kits to mitigate bias and provide a more robust result to resolve evolutionary relationships.MethodsWe sampled 23 Ochnaceae genera and used targeted sequencing with two probe kits, the universal Angiosperms353 kit and a family‐specific kit. We used maximum likelihood inference with a concatenated matrix of loci and multispecies‐coalescence approaches to infer relationships in the family. We explored phylogenetic informativeness and the impact of missing data on resolution and tree support.ResultsFor the Angiosperms353 data set, the concatenation approach provided results more congruent with those of the Ochnaceae‐specific data set. Filtering missing data was most impactful on the Angiosperms353 data set, with a relaxed threshold being the optimum scenario. The Ochnaceae‐specific data set resolved consistent topologies using both inference methods, and no major improvements were obtained after data filtering. Merging of data obtained with the two kits resulted in a well‐supported phylogenetic tree.ConclusionsThe Angiosperms353 data set improved upon data filtering, and missing data played an important role in phylogenetic reconstruction. The Angiosperms353 data set resolved the phylogenetic backbone of Ochnaceae as equally well as the family specific data set. All analyses indicated that both Sauvagesia L. and Campylospermum Tiegh. as currently circumscribed are polyphyletic and require revised delimitation.
Clinical Issues—July 2021
Authors: Wright Renae , Seeman Kristyn 
Published: June 2021

THIS MONTH
Debris in sterilized instrument sets
Key words: organic debris, inorganic debris, instrument sets, sterile processing, sterilizing agent.Preventing debris in sterilized instrument setsKey words: debris, instrument sets, sterile processing equipment, instructions for use (IFU), quality assurance.Bone cement precautions during pregnancyKey words: bone cement, exposure, methyl methacrylate (MMA), pregnant.Using a bed sheet or blanket for positioningKey words: patient positioning devices, improvised positioning device, pressure distribution, skin shear, pressure injury.Laundering of cloth head coveringsKey words: laundering, head covering, reusable cloth hat, surgical attire, disposable bouffant.
Cumulative impacts of habitat fragmentation and the environmental factors affecting upstream migration in the threatened sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus
Authors: Davies Peter , Britton J. Robert , Nunn Andrew D. , Dodd Jamie R. , Bainger Chris , Velterop Randolph , Bolland Jonathan D. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

River ecosystems are often fragmented by artificial structures, such as weirs. For anadromous species, these structures can impede access to upstream spawning sites and ultimately lead to severe population declines.
This study focused on the freshwater spawning migration of the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, an anadromous species threatened by habitat fragmentation across its native range. To quantify the cumulative impacts of multiple weirs on upstream‐migrating adults, and to explore the environmental factors affecting migratory movements, passive acoustic telemetry was applied to 56 individuals during their spawning migration in the heavily fragmented River Severn basin, UK.
While 89% of tagged sea lamprey passed the first weir upstream of the release site on the main river, only 4% passed the fifth weir. For 85% of migrants, the upstream extent of migration was immediately downstream of a weir. Individuals that passed weirs upstream of the release site (n = 50) took 21.6 ± 2.8 days to reach their most upstream location, experiencing cumulative passage times at weirs of 15.7 ± 2.8 days; these delays constituted a median of 84% of total upstream movement times.
Multistate models showed that the weir passage rates of sea lamprey in tidal and non‐tidal areas increased significantly when downstream river level and discharge were elevated. Upstream‐to‐downstream changes in direction were frequent downstream of weirs, but rare in unobstructed river sections.
The results provided evidence for a cumulative effect of multiple weirs on sea lamprey movements, substantially delaying upstream migrants and limiting their spawning to atypical habitat. The results also demonstrated the crucial roles of high tides and elevated discharge events in enabling weir passage. Although the Severn Estuary features conservation designations for sea lamprey, this study reveals that barriers are inhibiting their upstream migration, a problem that should be addressed to assist sea lamprey conservation.
Selective Photocatalytic Oxidation of Sulfides in Lanthanide Metal ‐Organic Frameworks Incorporating Ru(2,2′‐bpy)3 photosensitizer
Authors: Zhang Xiaobang , Wei Xiaomei , Huang Sheng‐Li , Yang Guo‐Yu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThree isostructural lanthanide metal‐organic frameworks (Ln‐MOFs) were synthesized with uncoordinated N^N site, and the Ru(N^N)3 photosensitizer was introduced via coordination link. These functionalized frameworks showed excellent performance in the photocatalytic oxidation of sulfides with good conversion and high sulfoxide selectivity.
miRNAs; a novel strategy for the treatment of COVID‐19
Authors: Ying Hao , Ebrahimi Mohsen , Keivan Mona , Khoshnam Seyed Esmaeil , Salahi Sarvenaz , Farzaneh Maryam 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is the seventh member of the bat severe acute respiratory syndrome family. COVID‐19 can fuse their envelopes with the host cell membranes and deliver their genetic material. COVID‐19 attacks the respiratory system and stimulates the host inflammatory responses, enhances the recruitment of immune cells, and promotes angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 activities. Patients with confirmed COVID‐19 may have experienced fever, dry cough, headache, dyspnea, acute kidney injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and acute heart injury. Several strategies such as oxygen therapy, ventilation, antibiotic or antiviral therapy, and renal replacement therapy are commonly used to decrease COVID‐19‐associated mortality. However, these approaches may not be good treatment options. Therefore, the search for an alternative‐novel therapy is urgently important to prevent the disease progression. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a promising strategy for COVID‐19. The design of oligonucleotide against the genetic material of COVID‐19 might suppress virus RNA translation. Several previous studies have shown that host miRNAs play an antiviral role and improve the treatment of patients with COVID‐19. miRNAs by binding to the 3′‐untranslated region (UTR) or 5′‐UTR of viral RNA play an important role in COVID‐19‐host interplay and viral replication. miRNAs interact with multiple pathways and reduce inflammatory biomarkers, thrombi formation, and tissue damage to accelerate the patient outcome. The information in this review provides a summary of the current clinical application of miRNAs for the treatments of patients with COVID‐19.
Sn‐doped CeO2Nanorods as High‐Performance Electrocatalysts for CO2Reduction to Formate
Authors: Ning Shunlian , Guo Zhiwei , Wang Jigang , Huang Shaobin , Chen Shaowei , Kang Xiongwu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to formate provides an effective way to solve the environmental problems caused by excessive carbon dioxide emissions and produce value‐added products. Herein, we report the preparation of a Sn‐doped CeO2catalyst, where oxygen vacancies are formed by thermal treatment in Ar/H2atmosphere, leading to enhanced carbon dioxide electroreduction to formate. The Faraday efficiency of formate production is found to reach 81.10 %, with a geometric current density of 9.13 mA cm−2at a potential of −1.10 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. Density functional theory calculations show that the incorporation of tin into CeO2promotes electron transport, lowers the energy barrier to form formate through HCOO*, and increases the selectivity of formate. Results from this study highlight the importance of metal‐doping in CeO2towards the selective reduction of CO2to formate.
2,9‐Diazadibenzoperylene and 2,9‐Dimethyldibenzoperylene‐1,3,8,10‐tetratriflates: Key to Functionalized 2,9‐Diazaperopyrenes
Authors: Baal Eduard , Klein Marius , Harms Klaus , Sundermeyer Jörg 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of 2,9‐diaza‐1,3,8,10‐tetratriflato‐dibenzoperylene (DDP 3 a) and corresponding 2,9‐dimethyl‐1,3,8,10‐tetratriflato‐dibenzoperylene (DBP 3 b) has been developed at multigram scale via reduction of one of the industrially most important high‐performance dyes, perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI), and of the corresponding dihydroxy peropyrenequinone precursor. The focus of this paper is on the reactivity pattern of 3 a as key intermediate towards highly functionalized 2,9‐diazadibenzopyrelenes (DDPs) obtained via catalytic substitution of four triflate by aryl, heteroaryl, alkynyl, aminyl, and O‐phosphanyl substituents. The influence of electron‐donating substituents (OSiMe3, OPt‐Bu2, N‐piperidinyl), electron‐withdrawing (OTf, 3,5‐bis‐trifluoromethyl‐phenyl), and of electron‐rich π‐conjugated (2‐thienyl, 4‐tert‐butylphenyl, trimethylsilyl‐ethynyl) substituents on optoelectronic and structural properties of these functionalized DDPs has been investigated via XRD analyses, UV/Vis, PL spectroscopy, and by electroanalytical CV. These results were correlated to results of DFT and TD‐DFT calculations. Thus, functionalized DPPs with easily tunable HOMO and LUMO energies and gap became available via a new and reliable synthetic strategy starting from readily available PTCDI.
Correlation between the Dynamics of Nanoconfined Water and the Local Chemical Environment in Calcium Silicate Hydrate Nanominerals
Authors: Musumeci Valentina , Goracci Guido , Sanz Camacho Paula , Dolado Jorge S. , Aymonier Cyril 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is Cyril Aymonier and co‐workers at University of Bordeaux and University of the Basque Country. The image depicts the different distributions of water molecules in xonotlite and tobermorite nanominerals synthesised in supercritical water. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202100098.
Artificial Supramolecular Pumps Powered by Light
Authors: Corra Stefano , Casimiro Lorenzo , Baroncini Massimo , Groppi Jessica , La Rosa Marcello , Tranfić Bakić Marina , Silvi Serena , Credi Alberto 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is Alberto Credi and co‐workers at the University of Bologna and National Research Council, Bologna, Italy. The image represents the photostationary non‐equilibrium operation of supramolecular pumps as a hydraulic circuit in which water flows between reservoirs. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202101163.
Enzymatic Delivery of Magnetic Nanoparticles into Mitochondria of Live Cells
Authors: He Hongjian , Guo Jiaqi , Xu Bing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDelivering magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) into mitochondria provides a facile approach to manipulate cell life because mitochondria play essential roles in cell survival and death. Here we report the use of enzyme‐responsive peptide assemblies to deliver MNPs into mitochondria of live cells. The mitochondria‐targeting peptide (Mito‐Flag), as the substrate of enterokinase (ENTK), assembles with MNPs in solution. The MNPs that are encapsulated by Mito‐Flag peptides selectively accumulate to the mitochondria of cancer cells, rather than normal cells. The mitochondrial localization of MNPs reduces the viability of the cancer cells, but hardly affects the survival of the normal cell. This work demonstrates a new and facile strategy to specifically transport MNPs to the mitochondria in cancer cells for exploring the applications of MNPs as the targeted drug for biomedicine and cancer therapy.
Photoredox‐Catalyzed Simultaneous Olefin Hydrogenation and Alcohol Oxidation over Crystalline Porous Polymeric Carbon Nitride
Authors: Qiu Chuntian , Sun Yangyang , Xu Yangsen , Zhang Bing , Zhang Xu , Yu Lei , Su Chenliang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBooming of photocatalytic water splitting technology (PWST) opens a new avenue for the sustainable synthesis of high‐value‐added hydrogenated and oxidized fine chemicals, in which the design of efficient semiconductors for the in‐situ and synergistic utilization of photogenerated redox centers are key roles. Herein, a porous polymeric carbon nitride (PPCN) with a crystalline backbone was constructed for visible light‐induced photocatalytic hydrogen generation by photoexcited electrons, followed by in‐situ utilization for olefin hydrogenation. Simultaneously, various alcohols were selectively transformed to valuable aldehydes or ketones by photoexcited holes. The porosity of PPCN provided it with a large surface area and a short transfer path for photogenerated carriers from the bulk to the surface, and the crystalline structure facilitated photogenerated charge transfer and separation, thus enhancing the overall photocatalytic performance. High reactivity and selectivity, good functionality tolerance, and broad reaction scope were achieved by this concerted photocatalysis system. The results contribute to the development of highly efficient semiconductor photocatalysts and synergistic redox reaction systems based on PWST for high‐value‐added fine chemical production.
Chaotic Grey Wolf Optimization‐based resource allocation for Vehicle‐to‐Everything communications
Authors: Brahmi Ibtissem , Hamdi Monia , Zarai Faouzi 
Published: June 2021

SummaryDevice‐to‐device (D2D) enables direct communication between Vehicle‐to‐Everything (V2X) devices. For V2X communications, efficient power control and radio sub‐channel allocation schemes are expected to accommodate the growing demand for data traffic of the increasing number of vehicular devices. We propose to investigate the resource allocation problem for V2X networks. We categorize vehicle user equipment (VUEs) into safety and non‐safety VUEs and cellular user equipment (CUEs) into real‐time and non‐real‐time CUEs according to their communication types. The objective of the proposed model is to maximize the total throughput of the system while maintaining quality of service (QoS) for CUEs and VUEs. Chaotic Grey Wolf Optimization (CGWO) algorithm, a meta‐heuristic and evolutionary algorithm, is used to solve the resource allocation problem in V2X communications. Finally, comparisons between the proposed scheme and two other meta‐heuristic algorithms, namely, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and GWO for resource allocation, are carried out. The simulation results prove the effectiveness and performance of the proposed scheme in terms of resource allocation for V2X. They also demonstrate that CGWO‐based resource allocation scheme outperforms both PSO‐based and GWO‐based resource allocation schemes in terms of total achieved throughput.
Xanthatin inhibits human colon cancer cells progression via mTOR signaling mediated energy metabolism alteration
Authors: Li Lingli , Liu Ping , Xie Yanbo , Liu Yunxiao , Chen Zhaolin , Geng Yadi , Zhang Lei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTumor cells exhibit higher glycolysis and rely on abnormal energy metabolism to produce ATP, which is essential for cell proliferation and migration. Abnormal energy metabolism inhibition is considered a promising tumor treatment strategy. Xanthatin is an active sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Xanthium strumarium L. This study evaluated the effect of xanthatin on the energy metabolism of human colon cancer cells. The results showed that xanthatin significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of human HT‐29 and HCT‐116 colon cancer cells. We found that xanthatin effectively reduced the production of ATP and promoted the accumulation of lactate. Xanthatin inhibited glycolysis which may be related to the reduction of glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) and monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) mRNA and protein levels. Concomitantly, xanthatin promoted complex II activity and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), resulting in mitochondrial damage and cell death in HT‐29 cells. Furthermore, xanthatin inhibited the phosphorylation of mTOR, the phosphorylation of 4E‐binding protein 1 (4E‐BP1) and c‐myc in HT‐29 cells. Moreover, rapamycin, a mTOR inhibitor, could enhance the cytotoxicity effect in xanthatin treated HT‐29 cells. Additionally, HT‐29 cells transfected with si‐mTOR aggravated xanthatin induced cell viability inhibition. Based on these results, we observed that the effect of xanthatin on energy metabolism may be related to its inhibition of the mTOR signaling pathway. Collectively, this study provides important insights into xanthatin's anticancer effect, which occurs by regulation of the energy metabolism of human colon cancer cells, and suggest that xanthatin has potential as a botanical drug against abnormal tumor energy metabolism.
Sox14 is essential for initiation of neuronal differentiation in the chick spinal cord
Authors: Katsuyama Taiki , Kadoya Minori , Shirai Manabu , Sasai Noriaki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe neural tube comprises several different types of progenitors and postmitotic neurons that co‐ordinately act with each other to play integrated functions. Its development consists of two phases: proliferation of progenitor cells and differentiation into postmitotic neurons. How progenitor cells differentiate into each corresponding neuron is an important question for understanding the mechanisms of neuronal development.ResultsHere we introduce one of the Sox transcription factors, Sox14, which plays an essential role in the promotion of neuronal differentiation. Sox14 belongs to the SoxB2 subclass and its expression starts in the progenitor regions before neuronal differentiation is initiated at the trunk level of the neural tube. After neuronal differentiation is initiated, Sox14 expression gradually becomes confined to the V2a region of the neural tube, where Chx10 is co‐expressed. Overexpression of Sox14 restricts progenitor cell proliferation. Conversely, the blockade of Sox14 expression by the RNAi strategy inhibits V2a neuron differentiation and causes expansion of the progenitor domain. We further found that Sox14 acted as a transcriptional activator.ConclusionsSox14 acts as a modulator of cell proliferation and is essential for initiation of neuronal differentiation in the chick neural tube.
The (un)discovering of ecology by Alaska Native ecologists
Authors: Smythe Wendy F. , Peele Sarah 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhen do Native students discover ecology and what factors contribute to the low enrollment of diverse students? Addressing such questions is crucial for diversifying science disciplines and the workforce of ecology and geoscience disciplines. Field sciences such as ecology have notably low enrollment of students from underrepresented groups, such as Black/African American, Hispanic/Latinx, and Native American or Alaska Natives. Here we discuss the factors that affect Native students and provide strategies to improve recruitment and retention of Native students in the sciences.
Associations of weight‐ or shape‐related bullying with diverse disordered eating behaviors in adolescents
Authors: Day Sinead , Bussey Kay , Trompeter Nora , Hay Phillipa , Lonergan Alexandra , Mitchison Deborah 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveLittle research has investigated variables affecting the relationship between weight‐ or shape‐related bullying (WSB) and specific forms of disordered eating in adolescence. This study aimed to examine the relationship between WSB and eating disorder behaviors in Australian adolescents, and whether this relationship was moderated by body image attitudes.MethodData were used from the first wave of the EveryBODY study, a survey of body image concerns and eating disorders in a large representative sample of Australian adolescents (N = 573), aged 11–19 years. Participants completed an online survey with measures of WSB frequency, body image attitudes (drives for thinness, leanness, and muscularity), and disordered eating behaviors.ResultsResults indicated that frequency of WSB was positively associated with purging and muscularity‐oriented behavior (MOB), but not dietary restriction, binge eating, or compulsive exercise. The relationship between WSB and MOB was moderated by drive for muscularity, such that victimization frequency was positively associated with MOB for those with high, but not low, desire to attain a muscular physique.DiscussionFindings indicate that WSB is positively associated with purging and MOB but not other eating disorder behaviors, and that drive for muscularity moderates its effect on some behaviors. Understanding these relationships will be important in implementing tailored interventions for adolescents based on screening for victimization experiences and specific body image attitudes.
Common Buzzards wintering strategies as an effect of weather conditions and geographic barriers
Authors: Baltag Emanuel Stefan , Kovacs Istvan , Sfîcă Lucian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimMigration is a constantly changing adaptation due to the climate condition evolution. The struggle for surviving during harsh winter season is different across Europe, being more complex toward the inner parts of the continent. The current approach explores the Common Buzzard number variation during the cold season and the climatic predictors of birds of prey wintering movements in relation to the possible influences of the Carpathian Mountains, which may act as a geographical barrier providing shelter from cold air outbreak from north and northeast of the continent.LocationRomania (45°N25°E).TaxonBirds of Prey.MethodsWe applied a GLMM to investigate the relation between continental and local climatic factors with the number of Common Buzzard observations in two regions. The first region is located inside the Carpathian Arch and the other one outside, east of this large mountains chain.ResultsThe Common Buzzard numbers wintering Eastern from the Carpathian Mountains are highly influenced by AO (Z = 2.87,p < .05%), while those wintering western are influenced by NAO (Z = 2.17,p < .05%). This is the first proof of separating influences for biodiversity of AO and NAO at continental scale, outlining the influence limit placed over the Eastern Carpathian Mountains.Main conclusionsThe Carpathian Mountains act like a geographic barrier, separating the wintering Common Buzzard populations from both sides of the mountain range. While the high number of individuals in Moldova is related to their eastern and northeastern Europe origins, in Transylvania the large number of individuals observed is related to the more sheltered characteristics of the region attracting individuals from central Europe. Also, since Transylvania region is well sheltered during cold air outbreak, it represents a more favorable region for wintering. From this point of view, we can consider that the Carpathian Mountains are a geographic barrier for wintering birds of prey.