bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stakeholder-based conjoint analysis for branding wellness tourism in Kerala, India
Authors: Romão João , Seal Partho Pratim , Hansen Paul , Joseph Sindhu , Piramanayagam Senthilkumaran 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWellness tourism is a fast-growing tourism industry segment and major wellness tourism destinations are found in the Asia–Pacific region, including India. The region of Kerala in India has an abundant natural, cultural and entrepreneurial resources for the development of wellness tourism. These resources are centered on the unique and traditional Ayurveda treatment, complemented by impressive natural landscapes and rich cultures and history. Despite the abundance and quality of resources and services provided by a large number of stakeholders, Kerala lacks a branding strategy for differentiating Kerala as a wellness tourism destination to compete in international markets. A stakeholder-based participatory process was developed to co-create a branding strategy, involving a destination audit supported by an online conjoint analysis survey to discover the relative importance of ‘high-level’ attributes associated with Kerala’s wellness tourism resources. The most important attributes are ‘Fits with strategic priorities of the organisation’ and ‘Ability to integrate into wellness tourism packages’. The main resources complementing wellness services are natural features and cultural heritage. This research contributes to stakeholder-based participatory methods for destination branding.
Suitability of natural rocks as materials for cutting tools
Authors: Denkena Berend , Breidenstein Bernd , Krödel Alexander , Bergmann Benjamin , Picker Tobias , Wolters Philipp 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study presents an investigation of the usability and suitability of natural rocks as cutting tool materials. Therefore, indexable inserts are manufactured from eight different rocks and two mono minerals in this study and are used for turning of an aluminium alloy. Besides that, a characterization of the rock properties is performed. The wear of the rock tools and the surface roughness of the workpiece generated by the tools are used to evaluate their operational behaviour. Subsequently, the rock properties and the corresponding operational behaviour are used to assess the suitability of the rocks as cutting tool material. The results show that rock inserts can be used as cutting material for the turning of an aluminium alloy showing a width of wear marks between 83 and 1665 µm at the flank face after a cutting length of 500 m depending on the rock used. Furthermore, it is shown that rock tools are able to achieve surface roughness values which are comparable to those obtainable by using a conventional cemented carbide insert. The study shows that natural rocks can generally be used as alternative cutting material for the turning of aluminium. In addition a possible way for a systematic investigation and assessment of the suitability of natural rocks as cutting tool materials is presented, the relevance of the rock properties for the operational behaviour of the rock inserts is described and relevant future research topics concerning the use of rocks as cutting tool material are identified.

Article highlights

Demonstrating the possibility to use natural rocks as alternative environmentally friendly cutting tool
material.

Evaluation of operational behaviour and wear mechanisms of rock tools in turning aluminium.

Identification of rock properties relevant for the operational behaviour of rock inserts.
AnesthesiaGUIDE: a MATLAB tool to control the anesthesia
Authors: Coman Simona , Iosif Diana 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe goals of this paper are: (a) to investigate adaptive and fractional-order adaptive control algorithms for an automatic anesthesia process, using a closed-loop system, and (b) to develop an easy-to-use tool for MATLAB/Simulink to facilitate simulations for users with less knowledge about anesthesia and adaptive control. A model reference adaptive control structure was chosen for the entire system. First of all, to control the patient’s state during the surgery process, the patient mathematical model is useful, or even required for simulation studies. The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) model was determined using MATLAB’s SimBiology tool, starting from a previously available block diagram, and validated through simulation. Then, to achieve the desired control performances, two controllers are designed: a PI adaptive controller and a PIλ (PI-fractional) adaptive controller, using the MIT algorithm. The time response during anesthetic drug infusion for each patient can be plotted with the AnesthesiaGUIDE tool, which is also designed in MATLAB/Simulink. The tool was tested on data from 12 patients, subjected to general anesthesia, with successful results. Through this tool, the article provides a good opportunity for any user to experience with adaptive control for the anesthesia process.
Exploring temporal varying demographic and economic disparities in COVID-19 infections in four U.S. areas: based on OLS, GWR, and random forest models
Authors: Jiao Junfeng , Chen Yefu , Azimian Amin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlthough studies have previously investigated the spatial factors of COVID-19, most of them were conducted at a low resolution and chose to limit their study areas to high-density urbanized regions. Hence, this study aims to investigate the economic-demographic disparities in COVID-19 infections and their spatial-temporal patterns in areas with different population densities in the United States. In particular, we examined the relationships between demographic and economic factors and COVID-19 density using ordinary least squares, geographically weighted regression analyses, and random forest based on zip code-level data of four regions in the United States. Our results indicated that the demographic and economic disparities are significant. Moreover, several areas with disadvantaged groups were found to be at high risk of COVID19 infection, and their infection risk changed at different pandemic periods. The findings of this study can contribute to the planning of public health services, such as the adoption of smarter and comprehensive policies for allocating economic recovery resources and vaccines during a public health crisis.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Psychosexual Functions of Healthcare Workers
Authors: Eroglu Unsal , Balci Melih , Coser Seref , Basboga Serdar , Ozercan Ali Yasin , Kizilkan Yalcin , Guzel Ozer , Aslan Yilmaz , Tuncel Altug 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundA novel infection, COVID-19, emerged in China and soon became a global pandemic. Pandemic conditions have resulted in stress in the workplace and led to anxiety among healthcare workers (HCWs), having negative impacts on different aspects of their lives, including their sexual function.AimTo evaluate the changes in the anxiety status of HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of anxiety on their sexual functions.MethodsThis is a longitudinal study based on an online survey conducted from April 2020 to February 2021 in hospitals designated as pandemic healthcare centers. An online survey link was sent to HCWs that provided consent for participation in the study. The anxiety status of the participants was assessed using the State Anxiety Inventory, and sexual function was evaluated using the International Index of Erectile Function–15 for men and Female Sexual Function Index for women.OutcomesScores obtained at the beginning of the pandemic were compared with those obtained at 6 months into the pandemic to determine the changes in the anxiety levels and sexual functions of the HCWs.ResultsA total of 399 HCWs participated in the survey, and the median age was 32 (20–60) years. Compared to the beginning of the pandemic, there was a significant increase in the State Anxiety Inventory score of the female and male HCWs at the sixth month of the pandemic. Among the women, the mean total Female Sexual Function Index score was 23.55 ± 8.69 at the beginning of the pandemic and 21.42 ± 8.91 at the sixth month, and there was a significant decrease in all parameters except pain. Among the men, the International Index of Erectile Function–15 total score was 62.75 ± 12.51 at the beginning of the pandemic and 55.1 ± 12.87 at the sixth month, indicating a significant decrease in all parameters.Clinical implicationsConsidering that the pandemic will continue for a long time, more psychological support should be provided, and interventions should be made to protect the mental health of HCWs.Strengths & LimitationsThe strength of the study is that it had a fairly high number of participants across several institutions. However, being conducted in one country and the sample not being randomly selected and being based on voluntariness can be considered as limitations.ConclusionOur results show that the COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in the anxiety levels of both female and male HCWs, and this situation has negatively affected their sexual functions.
ThellierCoolPy: A Cooling‐Rate Correction Tool for Paleointensity Data
Authors: Muxworthy Adrian R. , Baker Evelyn B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe report a new approach of implementing cooling‐rate corrections in absolute ancient magnetic field intensity (paleointensity) studies. Nearly all methods of determining paleointensity estimates rely on rocks having recorded a thermoremanent magnetization (TRM), on cooling from above the rock’s constituent minerals’ Curie temperature. Typically paleointensity estimates are made by comparing natural TRM, with a TRM induced in the laboratory; however, TRM intensity has long been reported to be dependent on cooling rate. Natural cooling rates are impractical in laboratories. We have developed a new cooling‐rate correction method and corresponding software (ThellierCoolPy), that directly corrects the unprocessed paleointensity data, using first‐order reversal curve data collected on a sister sample. This site tailored cooling‐rate correction has a unique correction for each temperature step within the paleointensity data set. This new method differs from previous approaches which apply a blanket cooling‐rate correction independent of the material properties of the sample. Paleointensity data from historical lavas from Parícutin, Mexico, are used to demonstrate the new software. For this data set, it is shown that cooling time of 1 million years yields a reduction of the paleointensity of ∼7%. The software is available for download.
The Average Shape of Sea Ice Ridge Keels
Authors: Metzger Andrew T. , Mahoney Andrew R. , Roberts Andrew F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThrough analysis of over 64,000 ridge profiles identified from moored upward‐looking sonars, we identify a well‐defined average shape of pressure ridge keels that is concave or cusped, not triangular as widely assumed in other literature. On the basis of this average shape, we put forward a new, dimensional‐definition, of a pressure ridge cross‐section that follows a negative exponential form and allows an average pressure ridge cross section to be constructed with knowledge or choice of a single parameter. The horizonal asymptote of the profile represents the draft of the “background” ice in which the ridge is embedded. The draft of this background ice scales with keel depth and is typically greater than can be accounted through thermodynamic growth, indicating that ridges tend to be embedded in fields of mechanically thickened rubble. Using a variational ridge model we simulated keel shapes for a range of ridge building conditions. The model results agree well with the observations and indicate the cusped shape of an average ridge profile arises from the varying angle of horizontal shear in the ice cover when ridges form. The modeling results also explain the elongated tail of the area draft distribution of the pack.
Shear‐Convection Interactions and Orientation of Tropical Squall Lines
Authors: Abramian Sophie , Muller Caroline , Risi Camille 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSquall lines are known to be the consequence of the interaction of low‐level shear with cold pools associated with convective downdrafts. Also, as the magnitude of the shear increases beyond a critical shear, squall lines tend to orient themselves. The existing literature suggests that this orientation reduces incoming wind shear to the squall line, and maintains equilibrium between wind shear and cold pool spreading. Although this theory is widely accepted, very few quantitative studies have been conducted on supercritical regime especially. Here, we test this hypothesis with tropical squall lines obtained by imposing a vertical wind shear in cloud resolving simulations in radiative convective equilibrium. In the sub‐critical regime, squall lines are perpendicular to the shear. In the super‐critical regime, their orientation maintain the equilibrium, supporting existing theories. We also find that as shear increases, cold pools become more intense. However, this intensification has little impact on squall line orientation.
Energetic Electron Distributions Near the Magnetic Equator in the Jovian Plasma Sheet and Outer Radiation Belt Using Juno Observations
Authors: Ma Q. , Li W. , Zhang X.‐J. , Shen X.‐C. , Daly A. , Bortnik J. , Mauk B. H. , Kollmann P. , Paranicas C. , Becker H. N. , Allegrini F. , Kurth W. S. , Bolton S. J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe present the average distribution of energetic electrons in Jupiter's plasma sheet and outer radiation belt near the magnetic equator during Juno's first 29 orbits. Juno observed a clear decrease of magnetic field amplitude and enhancement of energetic electron fluxes over 0.1–1,000 keV energies when traveling through the plasma sheet. In the radiation belts, Juno observed pancake‐shaped electron distributions with high fluxes at ∼90° pitch angle and whistler‐mode waves. Our survey indicates that the statistical electron flux at each energy tends to increase from to . The equatorial pitch angle distributions are isotropic or field‐aligned in the plasma sheet and gradually become pancake‐shaped at . The electron phase space density gradients at MeV/G are relatively small at and become positive over , suggesting the dominant role of adiabatic radial transport at higher shells, and the possible loss processes at lower shells.
On the Importance of Sea Surface Temperature for Aerosol‐Induced Brightening of Marine Clouds and Implications for Cloud Feedback in a Future Warmer Climate
Authors: Zhou Xiaoli , Zhang Jianhao , Feingold Graham 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMarine low clouds are one of the greatest sources of uncertainty for climate projection. We present an observed climatology of cloud albedo susceptibility to cloud droplet number concentration perturbations (S0) with changing sea surface temperature (SST) and estimated inversion strength for single‐layer warm clouds over the North Atlantic Ocean, using eight years of satellite and reanalysis data. The key findings are that SST has a dominant control on S0 in the presence of co‐varying synoptic conditions and aerosol perturbations. Cloud brightening in regions with positive S0 weakens with increasing local SST. Higher SST significantly hastens cloud‐top evaporation with increasing aerosol loading, by accelerating entrainment and facilitating entrainment drying. In a global‐warming‐like scenario where aerosol loading is reduced, more cloud brightening is expected, mainly as a result of reduced entrainment drying. Our results imply a less positive low‐cloud liquid water path feedback in a warmer climate with decreasing aerosol loading.
Iron‐Phosphorus Feedbacks Drive Multidecadal Oscillations in Baltic Sea Hypoxia
Authors: Jilbert Tom , Gustafsson Bo G. , Veldhuijzen Simon , Reed Daniel C. , van Helmond Niels A. G. M. , Hermans Martijn , Slomp Caroline P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHypoxia has occurred intermittently in the Baltic Sea since the establishment of brackish‐water conditions at ∼8,000 years B.P., principally as recurrent hypoxic events during the Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM) and the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA). Sedimentary phosphorus release has been implicated as a key driver of these events, but previous paleoenvironmental reconstructions have lacked the sampling resolution to investigate feedbacks in past iron‐phosphorus cycling on short timescales. Here we employ Laser Ablation (LA)‐ICP‐MS scanning of sediment cores to generate ultra‐high resolution geochemical records of past hypoxic events. We show that in‐phase multidecadal oscillations in hypoxia intensity and iron‐phosphorus cycling occurred throughout these events. Using a box model, we demonstrate that such oscillations were likely driven by instabilities in the dynamics of iron‐phosphorus cycling under preindustrial phosphorus loads, and modulated by external climate forcing. Oscillatory behavior could complicate the recovery from hypoxia during future trajectories of external loading reductions.
Subseasonal Predictability of South China Sea Summer Monsoon Onset With the ECMWF S2S Forecasting System
Authors: Yan Yuhan , Liu Boqi , Zhu Congwen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAccurate forecasting of the South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM) onset is critical for water resource management in the rainy season across East Asia. The present work evaluates the skill of the ECMWF subseasonal‐to‐seasonal (S2S) forecasting system in predicting SCSSM onset dates using a hindcast experiment. The model provides accurate predictions of the SCSSM onset date 10 days in advance. The predictability mainly arises from the sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) in the northern Indian Ocean and central‐eastern tropical Pacific, which usually coincides with moderate and extreme decaying El Niño, thus creating windows of opportunity for SCSSM onset forecasting. The model can reasonably reproduce the SCSSM‐related SSTA and its induced atmospheric teleconnections. However, when anomalous Ural blocking influences the mid‐high latitudes, the ECMWF model forecasts of the SCSSM onset are trapped in the synoptic timescale because of the limited ability of the model to consider blocking in forecasting.
Demagnetization Energy and Internal Stress in Magnetite From Temperature‐Dependent Hysteresis Measurements
Authors: Béguin Annemarieke , Fabian Karl 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe magnetization state of magnetite controls acquisition and stability of remanent magnetization in Earth and planetary rocks. Although commonly interpreted in terms of grain size, also stress, grain shape, and magnetostatic interactions can substantially modify magnetic stability. Here, we show that scaled reversible work (SRW) in the approach‐to‐saturation (ATS) of hysteresis curves is temperature independent if anisotropy is due to demagnetizing energy. Stress anisotropy vanishes with increasing temperature. With a new measurement and evaluation procedure stress‐induced anisotropy is separated from demagnetization effects. We calibrated the new method using theoretical ATS curves for different stress and demagnetization regimes. Experimental results for synthetic magnetite samples underpin the validity of the method and provide insight into the relationship between magnetostatic, magnetocrystalline, and stress energies. The SRW method provides a new tool to study the reliability of paleomagnetic recording mechanisms, and enables quantitative investigation of stresses due to tectonics, meteorite impacts, oxidation, exsolution, or quenching.
How Does Pacific Decadal Oscillation Affect Tropical Cyclone Activity Over Far East Asia?
Authors: Lee Minkyu , Kim Taehyung , Cha Dong‐Hyun , Min Seung‐Ki , Park Doo‐Sun R. , Yeh Sang‐Wook , Chan Johnny C. L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe investigated the relationship between tropical cyclones (TCs) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) over the western North Pacific (WNP) during 1982–2018, focusing on an area surrounding the Korean Peninsula and Japan. The frequency of TCs passing through this area (TCm) in the negative PDO phase was approximately 50% higher than that in the positive phase in September. Higher TC track density was observed around the Korean Peninsula and Japan in the negative PDO phase because the large‐scale environments were favorable for TC activity. However, TCm and PDO were not related in August because the location of WNP subtropical high was not significantly different. In addition, large‐scale environments, which were associated with TC activity, provided more favorable conditions in September than in August.
Experimental Verification of the Isotropic Onset of Percolation in 3D Crack Networks in Polycrystalline Materials With Implications for the Applicability of Percolation Theory to Crustal Rocks
Authors: Renshaw Carl E. , Murdza Andrii , Schulson Erland M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPercolation theory is often proposed as a framework for understanding flow and transport through fractured rock, yet the applicability of percolation theory to natural systems remains uncertain. Experimental verification of the predictions of percolation theory are challenging because of the difficulty in systematically creating 3D crack networks in crystalline materials. Using ice as a model for rock, we experimentally test the prediction of percolation theory that for a sufficiently large sample, the onset of percolation is isotropic even when the crack network is anisotropic. Consistent with theory, experimentally we find that in strongly anisotropic crack networks induced by uniaxial loading at a sufficiently high strain rate, the onset of percolation is nearly isotropic in samples where the dimension of the sample is about an order of magnitude greater than the length of the largest crack. The onset of percolation is isotropic even though nearly 90% of the induced cracks are oriented within about 10° of the direction of applied compression. A similitude analysis indicates that for typical geotherms and geologic strain rates, crack networks consistent with the predictions of percolation theory are only possible within the upper several tens of km of a nonsubducting granite slab and to depths of several hundreds of km in subducting slabs of gabbro.
Sea Ice Dynamics in Hudson Strait and Its Impact on Winter Shipping Operations
Authors: Babb D. G. , Kirillov S. , Galley R. J. , Straneo F. , Ehn J. K. , Howell S. E. L. , Brady M. , Ridenour N. A. , Barber D. G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHudson Strait is seasonally ice covered and is the only part of the Canadian Arctic where winter shipping takes place. Yet, very little is known about the thickness and dynamics of this ice pack. During winter operations, icebreakers often face besetting events, which can slow or immobilize vessels for up to a few days. Using in situ observations of ice draft and drift collected by moored sonars at two sites in Hudson Strait from 2005 to 2009, we provide the first detailed analysis of sea ice dynamics within Hudson Strait and provide insights into the processes that dictate ice thickness and internal pressure along this unique winter shipping corridor. Prevailing northwesterly winds drive south‐southeastward ice motion within the Strait, maintaining polynyas along Baffin Island on the north side of the Strait, and compressing the ice pack against Nunavik on the southern side. As a result, ice on the northern side remains young and thin throughout winter ( = 1.25 m), whereas ice on the southern side is older, heavily deformed and ∼60% thicker by March ( = 2.01 m). Intermittent reversals to southeasterly winds decompress the ice pack on the southern side, increasing the presence of leads and easing navigation through the ice pack to the port in Deception Bay. The spatial variability in sea ice thickness elucidated by the moorings is corroborated at the regional scale using satellite observations from ICESat‐2 during winter 2019, 2020, and 2021, and complimented by high‐resolution fields of sea ice motion during winter 2021.