bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Installation for Determination of Attenuation Coefficient of Permanent Magnetic Field by Protective Materials
Authors: Fedosyuk V. M. 
Published: March 2021

The permanent magnetic field in addition to electromagnetic radiation has a significant effect on performance of devices. This is particularly true for highly sensitive precision measuring equipment, such as, for example, magnetometers or photomultiplier tubes. In this regard a new high-performance materials for protection against permanent fields and electromagnetic radiation need to be developed. The purpose of this paper is a development of a hardware and software complex for high-precision determination of permanent magnetic field attenuation coefficient and certification of protective materials.This paper describes an experimental installation for determining the attenuation coefficient of a permanent magnetic field using materials and coatings on standard package for electronic equipment. The installation ensures a uniform magnetic field flow in the measurement volume. The advantage of the measuring device is the ability to measure magnetic field in three coordinates due to the use of three pairs of Helmholtz coils and a three-dimensional Hall sensor. The software will enable to control of the magnetic field in all three directions, simulating the real operating conditions of devices that require protection from such influences. In addition, a movable positioning system makes it possible to compensate for the Earth's magnetic field, which increases the accuracy of estimating the attenuation coefficient by protective materials in weak magnetic field.An alternative use of the capabilities of the installation is to test the performance of the devices in a permanent magnetic field and evaluate the electromagnetic compatibility. Experimental results of the work includes determination of the magnetic field attenuation coefficient using standard photomultiplier tube package made of electrolytically deposited permalloy and the sheet of annealed permalloy. Thus, the effect of annealing and closed magnetic circuit on the degree of weakening of the magnetic field is shown. It has been demonstrated that annealing which causes a significant increase in the magnetic permeability promotes an effective attenuation of weak magnetic fields (up to 1 mT). In magnetic fields with an induction of 1 mT or more, effective attenuation is provided by a closed magnetic circuit.
Understanding water institutions and their impact on the performance of the water sector in India
Authors: Chopra Ashish , Ramachandran Parthasarathy 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The water crisis in India is no more restricted to a few states or areas. It has started affecting all forms of life, industry, and livelihood, and therefore it emerges as one of the biggest challenges. The water crisis is a direct outcome of the governance and analysis of water institutions, playing a central role in understanding the state of water governance. This study aims to understand the water institutions and their ultimate impact on various aspects of water sector performance in India. A survey was administered to collect information on the perception of water experts on the role and importance of various institutional aspects including water law, policy, and administration in improving water sector performance in India. Factor analysis and multiple linear regression methods were used to find the significant factors of water institutions and their effect on the different aspects of water sector performance in India. The analysis shows that the most important factors for improving the water sector performance are (a) legal accountability provisions, (b) water transfer policies, and (c) use of science and technology application along with reliable data. The level of importance of these significant institutional variables also varies within various performance aspects.
Optimal water allocation method for joint operation of a reservoir and pumping station under insufficient irrigation
Authors: Wei Cong , Cheng Jilin , Gong Yi , Gong Zhihao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
To address the problem of optimal allocation of water resources in water shortage areas, a reservoir and a pumping station water resource optimal scheduling model under the condition of insufficient irrigation is proposed. The model takes the maximum relative yield of crops as the objective function, the amount of water supplied, water spilled and water replenished as decision variables, the total amount of water supplied by the system, the water right of the pumping station and the operation criteria as constraints, and uses a dynamic programming method to solve the model. The optimal water supply and water spill process of the irrigation reservoir and the optimal water replenishment process of a pumping station during the entire growth period of dry crops were obtained. Moreover, under the conditions of 50 and 75% probability of exceedance, the optimized relative yields of crops increased by 17.1% and 19.6%, respectively. The results show that ensuring the optimal operation of joint water source projects can achieve the optimal allocation of limited water resources, and improve the relative yield of crops in irrigation areas, which has important guiding significance for the planning and management of water resources in similar irrigation areas.
The Internet and Smartphone Addictions in a Sample of University Students: The Role of Search for Meaning in Life
Authors: DURSUN Pınar , SALA Bedir , ÜZER Ahmet 
Published: March 2021

Aim: In this study, we aimed to explore whether problematic and addictive uses of smartphones and the Internet conceptually differ from each other and gauge the predictive utility of the meaning in life dimensions (meaning of presence and search for meaning) and psychological health indicators (stress, depression, and anxiety) for such uses in university students.Methods: The cross-sectional study included a total of 483 (317 females, 166 males) participants (mean age: 21.71±1.75 years) recruited from the Afyon Kocatepe University and the AfyonkarahisarHealth Sciences University between December 2019 and February 2020. A sociodemographic form, the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, the Meaning in Life Questionnaire, the Internet Addiction Test, and the Smartphone Addiction Scale were administered.Results: The findings suggested that smartphone and Internet addictions were highly correlated and both addictions could be predicted by the depression and stress indicators and the search for meaning dimension. Males tended to use the Internet via computers rather than smartphones.Conclusion: We found that in case of stress, depression, and loss of meaning in life students were more likely to develop Internet and smartphone addictions as they tried to reconstruct or restore their meaning systems. Therefore, the evaluation and treatment strategies should include teaching how to reconstruct meaning systems and cope with stressful life situations in an adaptive way.
U. S. FOREIGN TRADE RESTRICTIONS UNDER UNSTABLE DYNAMICS OF INTERNATIONAL TRAD E
Authors: Lebedeva L. F. 
Published: March 2021

The paper describes factors that lead to the United States trade restrictions, particularly export control at the end of the second decade; the challenges of the United States policy, prospects for international trade relations. World trade is expected to grow this year after reducing in the previous one. The outlook for trade development remains with a large degree of uncertainty due to economic, financial risks, effects of struggle against pandemia; national policies. The US trade restriction policies are in focus. Besides imposing import tariffs; controlling exports of software, sensitive equipment, technology has been transformed under Trump’s administration in the context of national security, foreign policy objectives. Limiting access to the most sensitive U.S. technology has been putting in practice along with new export controls on software; restrictions on the emerging and foundational technologies. Export Control Reform that was passed by Congress and signed into law by President Trump has determined a new stage in US policy and may bring more uncertainty as concerning relations with other countries.
RATINGS AND PROJECTIONS OF U.S . ECONOMIC RECOVERY
Authors: Emelianov E. V. 
Published: March 2021

The forecasts of the economic development for the next years vary among countries and projections depend greatly on how long the pandemic and social distancing will take place and on the measures that are taken place for increasing social and economic activities, commerce. Meanwhile ratings of US leadership are declining, with the worst results in Europe. The rapid spread of the virus that causes COVID-19 made US leading country in confirmed cases and created a new reality for the national economy. As to the US the fall of real gross domestic product in 2020 is expected around the average of OECD countries, more than in Japan; less than in in Great Britain, Italy, France. Unemployment rate is projected going down in 2021 (comparing with 2020) but remaining still high. Experts are examining possible outcomes of coronavirus spreading and its consequences for the dynamics of GDP, unemployment, international trade and world investment. The projections seem not very bright for the next year; and it will take time for returning to pre pandemic indicators. While forecasts of declining international trade show the fall in world merchandise exports would be large, the estimates show beginning growth in exports next year.
CORONAVIRUS BIAS OF THE MODERN WORLD ECONOMY : SCALES , RISKS, CONSEQUENCES
Authors: Smirnov E. N. 
Published: March 2021

The objective of our article is to analyze the risks of a new coronavirus pandemic with impact on the dynamics of the modern world economy, as well as to assess the corresponding consequences and risks that will lead to the formation of a new model for organizing interactions in international trade, foreign direct investment and a revision of the determinants of global economic growth. The nature of the impact of the current pandemic on the existing system of international economic relations, in contrast to the previous global crises, is unprecedentedly tough, which has led to a number of contradictions in the development of global value chains, international trade flows, and the transformation of external financing conditions. The author believes that the most important challenge of the pandemic is not only the recovery of the economy and economic activity, maintaining the growth rate of labor productivity, but also in preventing the growth of inequality, in shaping the ability to manage global risks and imbalances. The trends towards the localization of international trade and the repatriation of global value chains act as a risk of a significant slowdown in international exchange, which contradicts the canons and strategies for the development of foreign economic relations of those countries that ensured their economic growth by expanding participation in international trade and attracting foreign direct investment. According to the author, a new wave of international economic cooperation between countries can bring a new impetus to the development of international trade, capital movement and the dynamics of economic mobility.
FREE TRADE AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE EAEU AND INDONESIA: WHO WILL BENEFIT ?
Authors: Sherov-Ignatev V. G. , Nikolayuk T. R. , Sumenkova M. V. 
Published: March 2021

The conclusion of bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) in the 21st century continues to be an important trend of international economic relations. The countries of the Eurasian Economic Union also joined these processes by concluding FTAs with Vietnam, Iran, Singapore and Serbia. The Eurasian Economic Commission has initiated a feasibility study of signing an FTA with the next partners: Indonesia and Mongolia. This article discusses the likely consequences of the conclusion of an FTA with Indonesia. The authors analyze the similarities and differences between our economies and the extent of their complementarity. A review of the structure and some trends of mutual trade is carried out. The article provides estimates of the possible quantitative effects of the liberalization of trade in goods between the three key EAEU countries (Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan) and Indonesia. The authors use the partial equilibrium model SMART (from the WITS toolkit) and the calculations of budget losses in the case of mutual zeroing of import duties based on the International Trade Center database (Trademap.org).The probable consequences of liberalization for the main sectors of mutual trade are calculated. Conclusions are made regarding the economic feasibility of liberalizing trade in goods between the EAEU and Indonesia.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE STATE AND REGULATION OF AGRICULTURE IN JAPAN , SOUTH KOREA AND CHINA
Authors: Ivanova S. V. , Latyshov A. V. 
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the study of general and special characteristics of the condition and state regulation of agriculture in three East Asian countries: China, Japan, and South Korea. It is determined that there are several historical similarities associated with the Asian way of production, low land use, high dependence on food imports, rapid urbanization and high population density. The topic of food security is relevant for all three countries. The comparative analysis made it possible to identify and specify important differences in the process and results of the modernization of agriculture in the three countries. Especially in terms of the level and speed of technical and technological development, domestic state support for agriculture, foreign trade policy, changes in the trade balance for agricultural goods, the inclusion of countries in the import of GM seeds and the production of organic food, positions in the ratings of the global food security index. The article focuses on the issues of commercialization of biotechnological crops and China's strategy aimed at future global dominance in the field of agricultural science and technology. Using the mechanism of international corporate mergers and acquisitions, the Chinese company with state participation entered the top five world leaders in the production of GM seeds and IT platforms for precision farming.
Cancer Clinicians’ Views Regarding an App That Helps Patients With Cancer Meet Their Information Needs: Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Richards Rebecca , Kinnersley Paul , Brain Kate , Wood Fiona 
Published: March 2021

Background
Many patients with cancer have unmet information needs during the course of the illness. Smart devices, such as smartphones and tablet computers, provide an opportunity to deliver information to patients remotely. We aim to develop an app intervention to help patients with cancer meet their illness-related information needs in noninpatient settings. In addition to the in-depth exploration of the issues faced by the target users of a potential intervention, it is important to gain an understanding of the context in which the intervention will be used and the potential influences on its adoption. As such, understanding the views of clinicians is key to the successful implementation of this type of app in practice. Additionally, clinicians have an awareness of their patients’ needs and can provide further insight into the type of app and features that might be most beneficial.

Objective
This study aims to explore cancer clinicians’ views on this type of intervention and whether they would support the use of an app in cancer care. Specifically, the perceived acceptability of an app used in consultations, useful app features, the potential benefits and disadvantages of an app, and barriers to app use were explored.

Methods
A total of 20 qualitative, semistructured interviews were conducted with 22 clinicians from urological, colorectal, breast, or gynecological cancer clinics across 2 hospitals in South Wales. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results
Clinicians felt that it would be acceptable for patients to use such an app in noninpatient settings, including during consultations. The benefits of this type of app were anticipated to be a more informed patient, an increased sense of control for patients, better doctor-patient communication, and a more efficient and effective consultation. In contrast, an increase in clinicians’ workload and poorer communication in consultations, which depended on the included app features, were identified as potential disadvantages. The anticipated barriers to app use included patients’ age and prior experience with smart technology, their access to smart devices, the confidentiality of information, and an avoidant coping approach to their condition.

Conclusions
This study suggests that clinicians should support their patients in using an app to help them meet their information needs both at home and during consultations. This study highlights some of the potential barriers for this type of intervention in practice, which could be minimized during the intervention design process.
A Framework for Criteria-Based Selection and Processing of Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) Data for Statistical Analysis: Design and Implementation Study
Authors: Gruendner Julian , Gulden Christian , Kampf Marvin , Mate Sebastian , Prokosch Hans-Ulrich , Zierk Jakob 
Published: April 2021

Background
The harmonization and standardization of digital medical information for research purposes is a challenging and ongoing collaborative effort. Current research data repositories typically require extensive efforts in harmonizing and transforming original clinical data. The Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) format was designed primarily to represent clinical processes; therefore, it closely resembles the clinical data model and is more widely available across modern electronic health records. However, no common standardized data format is directly suitable for statistical analyses, and data need to be preprocessed before statistical analysis.

Objective
This study aimed to elucidate how FHIR data can be queried directly with a preprocessing service and be used for statistical analyses.

Methods
We propose that the binary JavaScript Object Notation format of the PostgreSQL (PSQL) open source database is suitable for not only storing FHIR data, but also extending it with preprocessing and filtering services, which directly transform data stored in FHIR format into prepared data subsets for statistical analysis. We specified an interface for this preprocessor, implemented and deployed it at University Hospital Erlangen-Nürnberg, generated 3 sample data sets, and analyzed the available data.

Results
We imported real-world patient data from 2016 to 2018 into a standard PSQL database, generating a dataset of approximately 35.5 million FHIR resources, including “Patient,” “Encounter,” “Condition” (diagnoses specified using International Classification of Diseases codes), “Procedure,” and “Observation” (laboratory test results). We then integrated the developed preprocessing service with the PSQL database and the locally installed web-based KETOS analysis platform. Advanced statistical analyses were feasible using the developed framework using 3 clinically relevant scenarios (data-driven establishment of hemoglobin reference intervals, assessment of anemia prevalence in patients with cancer, and investigation of the adverse effects of drugs).

Conclusions
This study shows how the standard open source database PSQL can be used to store FHIR data and be integrated with a specifically developed preprocessing and analysis framework. This enables dataset generation with advanced medical criteria and the integration of subsequent statistical analysis. The web-based preprocessing service can be deployed locally at the hospital level, protecting patients’ privacy while being integrated with existing open source data analysis tools currently being developed across Germany.
Clinicopathological Criteria Predictive of Recurrence Following Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Therapy Initiation in Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Plasek Joseph , Weissert John , Downs Tracy , Richards Kyle , Ravvaz Kourosh 
Published: March 2021

Background
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is currently the most clinically effective intravesical treatment for non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), particularly for patients with high-risk NMIBC such as those with carcinoma in situ. BCG treatments could be optimized to improve patient safety and conserve supply by predicting BCG efficacy based on tumor characteristics or clinicopathological criteria.

Objective
The aim of this study is to assess the ability of specific clinicopathological criteria to predict tumor recurrence in patients with NMIBC who received BCG therapy along various treatment timelines.

Methods
A total of 1331 patients (stage Ta, T1, or carcinoma in situ) who underwent transurethral resection of a bladder tumor between 2006 and 2017 were included. Univariate analysis, including laboratory tests (eg, complete blood panels, creatinine levels, and hemoglobin A1c levels) within 180 days of BCG therapy initiation, medications, and clinical and demographic variables to assess their ability to predict NMIBC recurrence, was completed. This was followed by multivariate regression that included the elements of the Club Urológico Español de Tratamiento Oncológico (CUETO) scoring model and variables that were significant predictors of recurrence in univariate analysis.

Results
BCG was administered to 183 patients classified as intermediate or high risk, and 76 (41.5%) experienced disease recurrence. An abnormal neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio measured within 180 days of induction BCG therapy was a significant predictor (P=.047) of future cancer recurrence and was a stronger predictor than the CUETO score or the individual variables included in the CUETO scoring model through multivariate analysis.

Conclusions
An abnormal neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio within 180 days of BCG therapy initiation is predictive of recurrence and could be suggestive of additional or alternative interventions.
Impact of the Environmental Management System Standardization on the Managerial Image of Firms: An Empirical Study
Authors: Garechana Gaizka , Río-Belver Rosa , Zarrabeitia-Bilbao Enara , Álvarez-Meaza Izaskun 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We describe a characterization of the conceptual and emotional changes on environmental issues in a sample of firms certified under the ISO 14001 standard. Business communications regarding the main Spanish industrial firms have been downloaded from the ABI/INFORM database and processed using Vantage Point software, in order to study the evolution of the main concepts and emotions before and after the certification year. Our study concludes that in the years before certification, environmental management was fundamentally tied to operative issues, broadly pivoting on the immediate impact of a firm's productive activities. Environmental management gains strategic traction in the years after certification, positioning itself near corporate decision-making concepts and associated with adjectives that denote relevance and positivity. The sentiment analysis points at an increased positivity of environment-related issues, accompanied by a general decrease in negative emotions and an increased presence of expectation and planning emotions.