bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing Health Literacy Among Spanish Language-Preferring Latinos Ages 50–75
Authors: Christy Shannon M. , Cousin Lakeshia A. , Sutton Steven K. , Chavarria Enmanuel A. , Abdulla Rania , Gutierrez Liliana , Sanchez Julian , Lopez Diana , Gwede Clement K. , Meade Cathy D. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Cultural background, language, and literacy are factors that may affect access, healthcare utilization, and cancer screening behaviors.

Objective
This study aimed to characterize health literacy among Spanish-preferring Hispanic/Latino individuals ages 50–75 and examine associations between sociodemographic characteristics, health beliefs, and health literacy.

Methods
Participants self-identified as Hispanic/Latino, preferring health information in Spanish, were ages 50–75 years old, at average risk for colorectal cancer (CRC), not up to date with CRC screening, and enrolled in a CRC screening education intervention trial. Sociodemographic characteristics, health beliefs, and health literacy (i.e., difficulty understanding written health information and confidence completing health forms) were assessed at baseline. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results
Fifty-three percent of participants reported either sometimes having difficulty or always having difficulty with written health information, and 25% reported always asking for help or being not so confident in completing health forms. Univariate predictors of adequate health literacy for written health information were lower cancer worry and lower religious beliefs. Higher educational attainment predicted confidence in completing health forms.

Conclusions
Findings highlight the need for interventions that address health beliefs and health literacy among Hispanic/Latino patients who have low confidence in completing written forms and difficulty understanding written information and reinforce the use of plain language and salient design features when developing patient education materials.
Accidental Deaths Involving Trees
Authors: Weyrauch Deland , Gill James R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We examined all deaths in Connecticut involving tree mishaps (struck by a tree/tree limb, injuries associated with tree removal operations). Records of the Connecticut Office of the Chief Medical Examiner including autopsy, toxicology, and investigators' reports of deaths from 2004 to 2019 were reviewed. All underwent autopsy examination.
There were 64 fatalities, with ages ranging from 4 to 90 years (mean, 50 years). The causes of death involved the following: 56 blunt injury (primary site: 25 head, 13 multiple locations, 11 torso, and 7 neck), 5 traumatic asphyxia, 2 electrocution, and 1 chainsaw injury. Deaths were classified into 3 groups: 21 nonprofessional woodcutters, 19 professional woodcutters, and 24 tree failures. Among all woodcutters (100% men), impact by a falling tree/limb (78%) was the most common fatal event, and the most common lethal injury site was the head (45%). For tree failures, 58% involved storm/high-wind events, whereas 42% were spontaneous. Of the tree failure events, 58% involved motor vehicles, with most (86%) occurring while driving. Ethanol was detected in 6 decedents with blood concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 0.19 gm%, of which 4 were nonprofessional and 2 were professional woodcutters. There were some seasonal differences among the 3 groups.
Overall, fatalities of nonprofessional woodcutters, compared with professionals, were more likely to involve an older man (58 vs 40 years), working alone (67% vs 11%), and under the influence of ethanol (19% vs 11%) in late summer-autumn who dies of blunt head trauma from a falling tree or tree limb. Aggressive tree control management along highways has been used to attempt to decrease storm-related fatalities.
Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome: pathophysiology and management
Authors: Hagerman Randi , Hagerman Paul 
Published: May 2021

Purpose of review
The purpose of this paper is to review the prevalence, pathophysiology, and management of fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS).

Recent findings
The pathophysiology of FXTAS involves ribonucleic acid (RNA) toxicity due to elevated levels of the premutation-expanded CGG (eoxycytidylate-deoxyguanylate-deoxyguanylate)-repeat FMR1 mRNA, which can sequester a variety of proteins important for neuronal function. A recent analysis of the inclusions in FXTAS demonstrates elevated levels of several proteins, including small ubiquitin-related modifiers 1/2 (SUMO1/2), that target molecules for the proteasome, suggesting that some aspect(s) of proteasomal function may be altered in FXTAS. Recent neuropathological studies show that Parkinson disease and Alzheimer disease can sometimes co-occur with FXTAS. Lewy bodies can be found in 10% of the brains of patients with FXTAS. Microbleeds and iron deposition are also common in the neuropathology, in addition to white matter disease (WMD) and atrophy.

Summary
The premutation occurs in 1:200 females and 1:400 males. Penetrance for FXTAS increases with age, though lower in females (16%) compared to over 60% of males by age 70. To diagnose FXTAS, an MRI is essential to document the presence of WMD, a primary component of the diagnostic criteria. Pain can be a significant feature of FXTAS and is seen in approximately 50% of patients.
Hospitals That Report Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Bundle (SEP-1) Compliance Have More Structured Sepsis Performance Improvement
Authors: Bolte Ty B. , Swanson Morgan B. , Kaldjian Anna , Mohr Nicholas M. , McDanel Jennifer , Ahmed Azeemuddin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveSepsis is a common cause of death in hospitalized patients. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Service (CMS) Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Bundle (SEP-1) is an evidence-based early management bundle focused on improving sepsis outcomes. It is unknown which quality improvement (QI) practices are associated with SEP-1 compliance and if those practices reduce sepsis mortality. The objectives of this study were to compare sepsis QI practices in SEP-1 reporting and non-reporting hospitals and to measure the association between specific elements of sepsis QI processes and SEP-1 performance and hospital-specific risk-adjusted sepsis mortality.Design, Setting, and PatientsThis mixed methods study linked telephone survey data on QI practices from Iowa hospitals to SEP-1 performance data and risk-adjusted mortality from statewide all-payer administrative claims database. The survey assessed sepsis QI practices in eight categories. Characteristics of hospitals and sepsis QI practices were compared by SEP-1 reporting status. Univariable and multivariable logistic and linear regression estimated the association of QI practices with hospital SEP-1 performance and observed-to-expected sepsis mortality ratios.InterventionsNoneMeasurements and Main ResultsAll 118 Iowa hospitals completed the survey (100% response rate). SEP-1 reporting hospitals were more likely to have sepsis QI practices, including reporting sepsis quality to providers (64% vs. 38%, p = 0.026) and using the case review process to develop sepsis care plans (87% vs. 64%, p = 0.013). Sepsis QI practices were not associated with increased SEP-1 scores. Two were associated with reduced mortality: having a sepsis committee β= -0.11, p = 0.036) and using case review results for sepsis care plans (β= -0.10, p = 0.049).ConclusionsHospitals reporting SEP-1 compliance to CMS conduct more sepsis QI practices. Most QI practices are not associated with increased SEP-1 performance or decreased sepsis mortality. Future work could explore how to implement these performance improvement practices in hospitals not reporting SEP-1 compliance.
Optimised non-coding regions of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine CV2CoV improves homogeneous and heterogenous neutralising antibody responses
Authors: Roth Nicole , Schön Jacob , Hoffmann Donata , Thran Moritz , Thess Andreas , Mueller Stefan O. , Petsch Benjamin , Rauch Susanne 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMore than two years after the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, 33 COVID-19 vaccines, based on different platforms, have been approved in 197 countries. Novel variants that are less efficiently neutralised by antibodies raised against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 are circulating, highlighting the need to adapt vaccination strategies. Here, we compare the immunogenicity of a first-generation mRNA vaccine candidate, CVnCoV, with a second-generation mRNA vaccine candidate, CV2CoV, in rats. Higher levels of spike (S) protein expression were observed in cell culture with CV2CoV mRNA than with CVnCoV mRNA. Vaccination with CV2CoV also induced higher titres of virus neutralising antibodies with accelerated kinetics in rats compared with CVnCoV. Significant cross-neutralization of the SARS-CoV-2 variants, Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), and the ‘mink’ variant (B1.1.298) that were circulating at the time in early 2021 was also demonstrated. In addition, CV2CoV induced higher levels of antibodies at lower doses than CVnCoV, suggesting that dose-sparing could be possible with the next generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccine which could improve worldwide vaccine supply.
Teachers’ readiness to adopt online teaching amid COVID-19 lockdown and perceived stress: pain or panacea?
Authors: Mehta Prashant 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
Prolonged closure of educational institutions prompted authorities to adopt online teaching as an alternative method to impart education. The purpose of this study is to investigate the readiness on the part of teachers to switch/adopt online teaching as a part of their pedagogy. Also, this study analyses relationship between perceived stress (PS) and readiness to change (RTC)/adopt.

Design/methodology/approach
All the constructs were adapted from established scales, exploratory factor analysis confirmed item loadings on the appropriate constructs. Convenience sampling was used for data collection; owing to COVID-19 this appeared to be the only viable method. Partial least square structural equation modelling was used for analysis of data.

Findings
Results from this study indicate that 32.2% variance in RTC is accounted for by exogenous constructs perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and autonomy (AUT). Although f2 effect size pointed towards non-significance of AUT in predicting RTC (path coefficients were found to be significant for all the exogenous constructs). Also, RTC accounted for 32.6% variance in PS. To assess the predictive relevance of the model, blindfolding procedure was used to obtain Q2 values (Q2PS = 0.231; Q2RTC = 0.243). Positive Q2 values provide support for the model’s predictive relevance.

Research limitations/implications
Data were collected from teachers employed in urban public schools. A complete picture can be obtained by involving teachers from rural public and state-run schools.

Practical implications
Teachers’ readiness to adopt online teaching as a part of their pedagogy may act as a starting point for the policymakers to design properly structured training programs for teachers that minimise stress levels.

Social implications
If not handled properly, the society may end with either loss of learning to one generation or a major chunk of stressed-out teaching populations or both.

Originality/value
To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study is probably the first one focusing on sudden shift to online teaching and PS.
Using latent features for building an interpretable recommendation system
Authors: Zeng Ziming , Shi Yu , Pieptea Lavinia Florentina , Ding Junhua 
Published: May 2021

PurposeAspects extracted from the user’s historical records are widely used to define user’s fine-grained preferences for building interpretable recommendation systems. As the aspects were extracted from the historical records, the aspects that represent user’s negative preferences cannot be identified because of their absence from the records. However, these latent aspects are also as important as those aspects representing user’s positive preferences for building a recommendation system. This paper aims to identify the user’s positive preferences and negative preferences for building an interpretable recommendation.Design/methodology/approachFirst, high-frequency tags are selected as aspects to describe user preferences in aspect-level. Second, user positive and negative preferences are calculated according to the positive and negative preference model, and the interaction between similar aspects is adopted to address the aspect sparsity problem. Finally, an experiment is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the model. The code and the experiment data link is:https://github.com/shiyu108/Recommendation-systemFindingsExperimental results show the proposed approach outperformed the state-of-the-art methods in widely used public data sets. These latent aspects are also as important as those aspects representing the user’s positive preferences for building a recommendation system.Originality/valueThis paper provides a new approach that identifies and uses not only users’ positive preferences but also negative preferences, which can capture user preference precisely. Besides, the proposed model provides good interpretability.
New developments on regulation of cryptocurrency in China
Authors: Shen Wenhao 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
To describe recent regulatory developments in China on digital renminbi (RMB), initial coin offerings (ICOs), cryptocurrency holdings, cryptocurrency exchanges and blockchain technology.

Design/methodology/approach
Describes a digital RMB pilot program, seven government agencies’ bans on ICOs and cryptocurrency exchanges, the legality of holding and trading cryptocurrencies in China and the government’s endorsement of blockchain technology.

Findings
No PRC law or regulation prohibits Chinese investors from holding or trading cryptocurrencies but Bitcoin is defined as a virtual commodity, not a currency. Despite a ban on ICOs and cryptocurrency exchanges, the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) and other government agencies endorse blockchain technology as long as its goal is to service the real economy.

Originality/value
Expert guidance from lawyer with experience in foreign investment, cross-border mergers and acquisitions, capital markets, fund formation and venture capital and private equity investments in China.
Influence of h-BN fillers on mechanical and tribological properties of PP/PA6 blend
Authors: Vyas Abhishek , Randhawa Kawaljit Singh 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to improve the mechanical and tribological performance of polypropylene (PP) material. The influence of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) microparticles on mechanical and tribological properties of PP/polyamide 6 (nylon 6) (PA6) blend has been investigated in this paper.

Design/methodology/approach
Tensile strength, elongation, elastic modulus and Rockwell hardness were measured to identify the mechanical properties of materials. Coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rates of materials were measured with the help of a pin-on-disc tribometer to check the tribological behavior of blend and composite materials.

Findings
As a result, a small decrease in tensile strength and elongation and improvement in elastic modulus were found for PP/PA6 and PP/PA6/h-BN composite compared to pure PP. The wear rate of PP/PA6 blend and PP/PA6/h-BN composite was found low compared to pure PP matrix, while the COF of PP/PA6 blend was found slightly higher owing to the presence of harder PA6 matrix which was then improved by the h-BN filler reinforcement in PP/PA6/h-BN composite. The addition of PA6 in PP improved the wear rate of PP by 8–24%, whereas the addition of h-BN microparticles improved the wear rate by 22–50% and 24–44% compared to pure PP and PP/PA6 blend, respectively, in different parameters.

Originality/value
Modulus of elasticity and hardness of pure PP was enhanced by blending with PA6 and was further improved by h-BN fillers. The addition of PA6 in PP improved the wear rate, while h-BN fillers were found effective in reducing the COF by generating smooth thin lubricating film.
Recurrent microbial community types driven by nearshore and seasonal processes in coastal Southern California
Authors: Wilson Jesse M. , Chamberlain Emelia J. , Erazo Natalia , Carter Melissa L. , Bowman Jeff S. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryA multitude of concurrent biological and physical processes contribute to microbial community turnover, especially in highly dynamic coastal environments. Characterizing what factors contribute most to shifts in microbial community structure and the specific organisms that correlate with changes in the products of photosynthesis improves our understanding of nearshore microbial ecosystem functions. We conducted high frequency sampling in nearshore Southern California in order to capture sub‐weekly microbial community dynamics. Microbial communities were characterized by flow cytometry and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and placed in the context of physicochemical parameters. Within our time‐series, season and nutrient availability corresponded to changes in dominant microbial community members. Concurrent aseasonal drivers with overlapping scales of variability were also apparent when we used network analysis to assess the microbial community as subsets of the whole. Our analyses revealed the microbial community as a mosaic, with overlapping groups of taxa that varied on different timescales and correlated with unique abiotic and biotic factors. Specifically, a subnetwork associated with chlorophyll a exhibited rapid turnover, indicating that ecologically important subsets of the microbial community can change on timescales different than and in response to factors other than those that govern turnover of most members of the assemblage.
Stress Change and Initial Consonant Loss in Umpithamu: Cause or Consequence?*
Authors: Verstraete Jean‐Christophe 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study aims to reconstruct a change in the system of word stress in Umpithamu, a language of Cape York Peninsula, in northeastern Australia. The change involves a shift in parsing direction, from a left‐aligned system as found in most Pama‐Nyungan languages, to a system anchored at the right edge. The process of change is reconstructed using evidence from changes in root structure and root size, in combination with specifics of the synchronic system of word stress. The broader context for the analysis is a well‐known hypothesis about stress shift as a cause of initial consonant loss, a typologically rare phenomenon attested in areal patterns in Australia, including Umpithamu and its neighbours. The reconstruction of stress change in Umpithamu shows that the picture is more complex, with the major stress shift as a consequence rather than a cause of initial loss. Umpithamu shows partial rather than complete initial loss, and thus reveals the complexities of the actual processes rather than their end point. Comparison with languages at the end point of the processes shows how their stress systems can be derived from an Umpithamu‐type system simply by assuming further changes in root structure attested as following initial consonant loss.
Increasing uptake of long‐acting reversible contraception with structured contraceptive counselling: cluster randomised controlled trial (the LOWE trial)
Authors: Emtell Iwarsson K , Envall N , Bizjak I , Bring J , Kopp Kallner H , Gemzell‐Danielsson K 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of structured contraceptive counselling on the uptake of long‐acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) and pregnancy rates.DesignCluster randomised trial.SettingAbortion, youth and maternal health clinics in Stockholm, Sweden.PopulationSexually active women aged ≥18 years without a wish for pregnancy seeking abortion and/or contraceptive counselling.MethodsFor participants in clinics randomised to intervention, trained healthcare providers implemented a study‐specific intervention package designed for structured contraceptive counselling. Participants in the control clinics received routine counselling.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was choice of LARCs at first visit. Secondary outcomes were LARC initiation at 3 months and pregnancy rates at 3 and 12 months. We used logistic mixed‐effects models with random intercept for clinic to account for clustering.ResultsFrom September 2017 to May 2019, 28 randomised clinics enrolled 1364 participants. Analyses including 1338 subjects showed that more participants in the intervention group compared with the control group chose LARCs: 267/658 (40.6%) versus 206/680 (30.3%) (OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.99–3.86). LARC initiation was higher in the intervention group compared with the control group: 213/528 (40.3%) versus 153/531 (28.8%) (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.22–2.49). At the abortion clinics, the pregnancy rate was significantly lower at 12 months in the intervention group compared with the control group: 13/101 (12.9%) versus 28/103 (27.2%) (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.18–0.88).ConclusionsStructured contraceptive counselling increased LARC uptake in all clinics and significantly reduced unintended pregnancy rates in abortion clinics at the 12 months follow‐up.Tweetable abstractStructured contraceptive counselling increased LARC uptake and reduced pregnancy rates at 12 months.
Feasibility and tolerability of ophthalmic virtual reality as a medical communication tool in children and young people
Authors: Maloca Peter M. , Williams Emily A. , Mushtaq Faisal , Rueppel Andreas , Müller Philipp L. , Lange Clemens , de Carvalho Emanuel R. , Inglin Nadja , Reich Michael , Egan Catherine , Hasler Pascal W. , Tufail Adnan , Scholl Hendrik P.N. , Cattin Philippe C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeVirtual reality (VR) can be useful in explaining diseases and complications that affect children in order to improve medical communications with this vulnerable patient group. So far, children and young people’s responses to high‐end medical VR environments have never been assessed.MethodsAn unprecedented number of 320 children and young people were given the opportunity to interact with a VR application displaying original ophthalmic volume data via a commercially available tethered head‐mounted display (HMD). Participants completed three surveys: demographics and experience with VR, usability and perceived utility of this technology and the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire. The second survey also probed participants for suggestions on improvements and whether this system could be useful for increasing engagement in science.ResultsA total of 206 sets of surveys were received. 165 children and young people (84 female) aged 12–18 years (mean, 15 years) completed surveys that could be used for analysis. 69 participants (47.59%) were VR‐naïve, and 76 (52.41%) reported that they had previous VR experience. Results show that VR facilitated understanding of ophthalmological complications and was reasonably tolerated. Lastly, exposure to VR raised children and young people’s awareness and interest in science.ConclusionsThe VR platform used was successfully utilized and was well accepted in children to display and interact with volume‐rendered 3D ophthalmological data. Virtual reality (VR) is suitable as a novel image display platform in ophthalmology to engage children and young people.