bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute otitis media in an infant complicated with osteoarthritis of temporomandibular joint and sub-periosteal abscess of the clavicle
Authors: Cherrabi Kaoutar , Cherrabi Hind 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Otomastoiditis is a very frequent affection and a current complication of mal-treated benign ear infections in children. However, this a very rare case of the association of two rare complications of otomastoiditis in a newborn.
On the one hand, septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint which is a very rare condition that is difficult to diagnose, and when unrecognized or not treated accordingly, it can resolve in serious infectious complication and or definitive injury to the temporomandibular joint.
On the other hand, osteomyelitis of the clavicle is also very rare, and only a few cases have been cited in the literature concerning infants.

Case presentation
This 46-day-old infant was brought to pediatric emergency consultation for 2 swelling inflammatory bulges, one in the right mastoid and pre-auricular regions, and another in the right basi-cervical area. The infant was hypertrophic febrile, hypotonic, and pale. He had preserved archaic reflexes. Besides, blood test showed an inflammatory syndrome, inflammatory anemia, and no other abnormalities.
Upon supplementary computed tomodensitometry exam, the diagnosis of a combination of septic arthritis of the right temporomandibular joint and sub-periosteal abscess of the ipsilateral clavicle in a context of hypotrophy and malnutrition was suspected. A pus sample was obtained for bacteriological evaluation, after which the infant had a course of intravenous associated antibiotics, along with nutritional assessment and management. Surgical drainage of both collections was performed. The 6-month follow-up was satisfactory, without clinical signs of functional impact on temporomandibular joint, or acromioclavicular joint.

Conclusion
This work stresses the necessity of thorough clinical examination of infants even in cases of benign ear infections, as well as the importance of adapted treatment and follow-up, which could allow early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, or even prevention of severe complications that can be associated with such benign conditions.
Novel Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer PDXs and Cell Lines: Expanding Preclinical Models of Genetic Diversity
Authors: Maniakas Anastasios , Henderson Ying C , Hei Hu , Peng Shaohua , Chen Yunyun , Jiang Yujie , Ji Shuangxi , Cardenas Maria , Chiu Yulun , Bell Diana , Williams Michelle D , Hofmann Marie-Claude , Scherer Steve E , Wheeler David A , Busaidy Naifa L , Dadu Ramona , Wang Jennifer R , Cabanillas Maria E , Zafereo Mark , Johnson Faye M , Lai Stephen Y 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Context
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare, aggressive, and deadly disease. Robust preclinical thyroid cancer models are needed to adequately develop and study novel therapeutic agents. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models may resemble patient tumors by recapitulating key genetic alterations and gene expression patterns, making them excellent preclinical models for drug response evaluation.

Objective
We developed distinct ATC PDX models concurrently with cell lines and characterized them in vitro and in vivo.

Methods
Fresh thyroid tumor from patients with a preoperative diagnosis of ATC was surgically collected and divided for concurrent cell line and PDX model development. Cell lines were created by generating single cells through enzymatic digestion. PDX models were developed following direct subcutaneous implantation of fresh tumor on the flank of immune compromised/athymic mice.

Results
Six ATC PDX models and 4 cell lines were developed with distinct genetic profiles. Mutational characterization showed one BRAF/TP53/CDKN2A, one BRAF/CDKN2A, one BRAF/TP53, one TP53 only, one TERT-promoter/HRAS, and one TERT-promoter/KRAS/TP53/NF2/NFE2L2 mutated phenotype. Hematoxylin-eosin staining comparing the PDX models to the original patient surgical specimens show remarkable resemblance, while immunohistochemistry stains for important biomarkers were in full concordance (cytokeratin, TTF-1, PAX8, BRAF). Short tandem repeats DNA fingerprinting analysis of all PDX models and cell lines showed strong concordance with the original tumor. PDX successful establishment rate was 32%.

Conclusion
We have developed and characterized 6 novel ATC PDX models with 4 matching cell lines. Each PDX model harbors a distinct genetic profile, making them excellent tools for preclinical therapeutic trials.
Genetic Support of A Causal Relationship Between Iron Status and Type 2 Diabetes: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Wang Xinhui , Fang Xuexian , Zheng Wanru , Zhou Jiahui , Song Zijun , Xu Mingqing , Min Junxia , Wang Fudi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractContextIron overload is a known risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, iron overload and iron deficiency have both been associated with metabolic disorders in observational studies.ObjectiveUsing mendelian randomization (MR), we assessed how genetically predicted systemic iron status affected T2D risk.MethodsA 2-sample MR analysis was used to obtain a causal estimate. We selected genetic variants strongly associated (P &lt; 5 × 10−8) with 4 biomarkers of systemic iron status from a study involving 48 972 individuals performed by the Genetics of Iron Status consortium and applied these biomarkers to the T2D case-control study (74 124 cases and 824 006 controls) performed by the Diabetes Genetics Replication and Meta-analysis consortium. The simple median, weighted median, MR-Egger, MR analysis using mixture-model, weighted allele scores, and MR based on a Bayesian model averaging approaches were used for the sensitivity analysis.ResultsGenetically instrumented serum iron (odds ratio [OR]: 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02-1.12), ferritin (OR: 1.19; 95% CI, 1.08-1.32), and transferrin saturation (OR: 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02-1.09) were positively associated with T2D. In contrast, genetically instrumented transferrin, a marker of reduced iron status, was inversely associated with T2D (OR: 0.91; 95% CI, 0.87-0.96).ConclusionGenetic evidence supports a causal link between increased systemic iron status and increased T2D risk. Further studies involving various ethnic backgrounds based on individual-level data and studies regarding the underlying mechanism are warranted for reducing the risk of T2D.
Mereology and semiotics
Authors: Stjernfelt Frederik 
Published: June 2021

This paper gives a fIrst overview over the role of mereology — the theory of parts and wholes — in semiotics. The mereology of four major semioticians — Husserl, Jakobson, Hjelmslev, and Peirce is presented briefly and its role in the overall architecture of each of their theories is outlined — with Brentano tradition as reference. Finally, an evaluation of the strength and weaknesses of the four is undertaken, and some guidelines for further research is proposed.
Experience of using vacuum fine-needle aspiration biopsy under ultrasound control in patients with focal thyroid pathology
Authors: Borsukov Alexey V. , Tagil Anton O. 
Published: June 2021

Background: Due to its availability, high information content and harmlessness, ultrasound is an extremely effective method of differential diagnosis of thyroid pathology. Despite the sufficient arsenal of diagnostic methods, thyroid biopsy with cytological examination is the «gold» standard in diagnostic algorithms. Most often, fine — needle aspiration biopsy is carried out using disposable syringes of different capacities (5, 10, 20 ml3). The procedure is performed in most cases according to the «Free hand» method, this leads to several problems associated with the peculiarity of the study, primarily with the low vacuum created in the syringe and insufficient collection of cytological material, as well as insufficient practical experience for a novice specialist.Aim: Determination of the range of the possibility of using vacuum aspiration fine needle biopsy under the control of ultrasound navigation in patients with focal thyroid pathology.Materials and methods: On the basis of the Problem Research Laboratory «Diagnostic studies and minimally invasive technologies» of the Smolensk State Medical University, a device for vacuum fine — needle aspiration biopsy was developed. In the period 2019–2020, 780 vacuum fine — needle aspiration biopsy was performed under the control of ultrasound navigation in patients with thyroid nodules. The level of vacuum in the syringe during sampling of the material was — 0,5 bar (- 50 kPa).Results: A comparative analysis of the cytological results obtained with the help of vacuum fine — needle aspiration biopsy and the «Free hand» method shows a decrease in obtaining the category of Bethesda 1 by 3.3% and Bethesda 3 by 10.2%.Conclusion: This indicates the effectiveness and in formativeness of the use of vacuum fine — needle aspiration biopsy in patients with focal thyroid pathology in comparison with the standard «Free hand» method, as well as with vacuum fine — needle aspiration biopsy due to constant visual monitoring and the lack of movement of the syringe piston to create a discharge when taking cytological material, the probability of needle deviation from the biopsy zone is reduced, which increases the effectiveness of the study and facilitates the work of a novice specialist.
”Hinner vi inte ta en grogg tillsammans, innan ångaren sjunker?”
Authors: Boëthius Ulf 
Published: June 2021

”How about a drink together, before the ship sinks?” Fact and Fiction in Erik Pallin’s Kaparkaptenen på Emden
The First World War gave rise to a surge of war novels, many of which were aimed at a young audience. These novels can be characterized as adventure stories with boys as their main target group. Swedish author Erik Pallin’s Kaparkaptenen på Emden: Romantiserad skildring från det stora världskriget 1914 (The Privateer Captain of Emden: Romanticized Depiction from the Great World War in 1914) was published in December 1914. It is not only one of the first Swedish youth novels about the war, but also one of the most intriguing as the tension between reality and fiction is particularly strong in Pallin’s novel. It tells the story of the German cruiser Emden whose raids in the Indian Ocean attracted much attention from journalists and authors. The article investigates how Pallin depicted the war for his young readers, focusing on the relationship between fact and fiction. The analysis shows that Pallin, much like the journalists reporting on Emden, transforms Emden’s warfare into heroic adventure tales and portrays Emden’s captain as a charismatic hero who symbolizes the male ideal of the time. The analysis concludes that Kaparkaptenen på Emden to some extent can be considered a “newsreel novel” (Paris), but that Pallin also romanticizes Emden’s warfare to appeal to his young readers. Rather than depicting the atrocities of real-life war, Pallin presents the war as an adventure with idyllic, romantic, and comical elements. The novel’s happy ending, with the war coming to an end, suggests that Pallin wished to take a stance against the war, but it can also be read as a strategy used to appeal to his young audience by offering them a story of hope.
Iterative methods for monotone nonexpansive mappings in uniformly convex spaces
Authors: Shukla Rahul , Wiśnicki Andrzej 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We show the nonlinear ergodic theorem for monotone 1-Lipschitz mappings in uniformly convex spaces: if C is a bounded closed convex subset of an ordered uniformly convex space (X, ∣·∣, ⪯), T:C → C a monotone 1-Lipschitz mapping and x ⪯ T(x), then the sequence of averages

1
n

∑

i
=
0

n
−
1

T

i

(
x
)

$ \frac{1}{n}\sum\nolimits_{i=0}^{n-1}T^{i}(x) $

converges weakly to a fixed point of T. As a consequence, it is shown that the sequence of Picard’s iteration {T

n
(x)} also converges weakly to a fixed point of T. The results are new even in a Hilbert space. The Krasnosel’skiĭ-Mann and the Halpern iteration schemes are studied as well.
Partial regularity of stable solutions to the fractional Geľfand-Liouville equation
Authors: Hyder Ali , Yang Wen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We analyze stable weak solutions to the fractional Geľfand problem

(
−

Δ

)
s

u
=

e
u

i
n

Ω

⊂

R

n

.

$$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle (-{\it\Delta})^su = e^u\quad\mathrm{in}\quad {\it\Omega}\subset\mathbb{R}^n.
\end{array}$$

We prove that the dimension of the singular set is at most n − 10s.
Expert Panels with Selective Investigation
Authors: Gong Qiang , Yang Huanxing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In a model of information disclosure with multiple experts we compare homogeneous panels and diverse panels. The distinguishing feature of our model is selective investigation: there are multiple aspects relevant to decision making and each expert can strategically choose some aspects to investigate. We show that homogeneous panels lead to unbalanced investigation and unbalanced action, while under diverse panels both investigations and actions are balanced. In most circumstances, diverse panels perform better than homogeneous panels.
Basic Income Experiments: Expanding the Debate on UBI and Reciprocity
Authors: Neves Catarina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The paper highlights the need to discuss the norm of reciprocity in the context of basic income experiments. Considering how the norm of reciprocity is an important objection to basic income, both at a normative level, but also in empirical discussions, a case is made for considering it in basic income experiments. The paper proposes several hypotheses on basic income and reciprocity and concludes with two distinct points: the first is focused on what in fact experiments could be telling us about behaviours that seem relevant to reciprocity, and how this could enhance our understanding of both basic income and the norm of reciprocity. The second point is a reflection on how our theoretical debate is shaped on ideal settings, whereas experiments take place in real-world conditions, hence non-ideal ones. This reflection might contribute to the need to reframe our theoretical account of the norm of reciprocity.
Size-based Degradation of Therapeutic Proteins - Mechanisms, Modelling and Control
Authors: Bansal Rohit , Jha Saurabh Kumar , Jha Niraj Kumar 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Protein therapeutics are in great demand due to their effectiveness towards hard-to-treat diseases. Despite their high demand, these bio-therapeutics are very susceptible to degradation via aggregation, fragmentation, oxidation, and reduction, all of which are very likely to affect the quality and efficacy of the product. Mechanisms and modelling of these degradation (aggregation and fragmentation) pathways is critical for gaining a deeper understanding of stability of these products. This review aims to provide a summary of major developments that have occurred towards unravelling the mechanisms of size-based protein degradation (particularly aggregation and fragmentation), modelling of these size-based degradation pathways, and their control. Major caveats that remain in our understanding and control of size-based protein degradation have also been presented and discussed.
Harmonization status of procalcitonin measurements: what do comparison studies and EQA schemes tell us?
Authors: Huynh Huu-Hien , Bœuf Amandine , Pfannkuche Jens , Schuetz Philipp , Thelen Marc , Nordin Gunnar , van der Hagen Eline , Kaiser Patricia , Kesseler Dagmar , Badrick Tony , Poggi Bernard , Tiikkainen Ulla , Davies Gareth J , Kessler Anja , Plebani Mario , Vinh Joëlle , Delatour Vincent 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Sepsis represents a global health priority because of its high mortality and morbidity. The key to improving prognosis remains an early diagnosis to initiate appropriate antibiotic treatment. Procalcitonin (PCT) is a recognized biomarker for the early indication of bacterial infections and a valuable tool to guide and individualize antibiotic treatment. To meet the increasing demand for PCT testing, numerous PCT immunoassays have been developed and commercialized, but results have been questioned. Many comparison studies have been carried out to evaluate analytical performance and comparability of results provided by the different commercially available immunoassays for PCT, but results are conflicting. External Quality Assessment Schemes (EQAS) for PCT constitute another way to evaluate results comparability. However, when making this comparison, it must be taken into account that the variety of EQA materials consist of different matrices, the commutability of which has not yet been investigated. The present study gathers results from all published comparison studies and results from 137 EQAS surveys to describe the current state-of-the-art harmonization of PCT results. Comparison studies globally highlight a significant variability of measurement results that nonetheless seem to have a moderate impact on medical decision-making. For their part, EQAS for PCT provides highly discrepant estimates of the interlaboratory CV. Due to differences in commutability of the EQA materials, the results from different peer groups could not be compared. To improve the informative value of the EQA data, the existing limitations such as non-harmonized conditions and suboptimal and/or unknown commutability of the EQA materials have to be overcome. The study highlights the need for commutable reference materials that could be used to properly evaluate result comparability and possibly standardize calibration, if necessary. Such an initiative would further improve the safe use of PCT in clinical routine.
The effects of Berberis vulgaris L. root extract on the opiate withdrawal syndrome and psychological factors: a randomized double-blind clinical trial
Authors: Dabaghzadeh Fatemeh , Sharififar Fariba , Ahmadzadeh Amir-Mohammad , Karami-Mohajeri Somayyeh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
In this clinical trial, the effect of aqueous extract of Berberis vulgaris L. was investigated on opiate withdrawal syndrome, depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep quality in opioid addicts which were under methadone maintenance therapy.

Methods
For this purpose, 52 opiate addicts were randomly selected of whom 28 received 500 mg capsules of B. vulgaris extract (treatment) and the rest received 500 mg of starch capsules (placebo), twice daily for 4 weeks. Signs and symptoms of opiate withdrawal syndrome, depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep quality were assessed through Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) questionnaires at baseline and after 7, 14, and 28 days of receiving intervention.

Results
Signs and symptoms of opiate withdrawal syndrome were significantly improved in those who received the extract for 1 month compared to the placebo group. However, there were no significant differences in depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep quality scores in the treatment group compared to those in the placebo group.

Conclusions
The extract of B. vulgaris root as a traditional herbal product in combination with methadone could improve the symptoms and signs of opiate withdrawal.
Clinical characteristics and treatment patterns with histrelin acetate subcutaneous implants vs. leuprolide injections in children with precocious puberty: a real-world study using a US claims database
Authors: Silverman Lawrence A. , Han Xu , Huang Huan , Near Aimee M. , Hu Yiqun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs are the treatment of choice for central precocious puberty (CPP). This study characterizes patients treated with histrelin implant or leuprolide injection.

Methods
A US claims database was used to identify patients aged ≤20 years with ≥1 histrelin or leuprolide claim (index treatment) between April 2010 and November 2017 and continuous enrollment ≥3 months before and ≥12 months after the index treatment date.

Results
Overall, 4,217 patients (histrelin, n=1,001; leuprolide, n=3,216) were identified. The percentage of patients with CPP diagnosis was greater in the histrelin (96.5%) vs. leuprolide (68.8%; p<0.0001) cohort. In patients with CPP (histrelin, n=966; leuprolide, n=2,214), mean age at treatment initiation was similar for histrelin (9.0 ± 2.0 years) and leuprolide (9.1 ± 2.3 years), with >50% of patients aged 6–9 years. Mean treatment duration was significantly longer for histrelin (26.7 ± 14.8 months) vs. leuprolide (14.1 ± 12.1 months; p<0.0001), and was longer in younger patient groups. More patients switched from leuprolide to histrelin (12.3%) than vice versa (3.6%; p<0.0001). Median annual total treatment costs were slightly lower for the histrelin cohort ($23,071 [interquartile range, $16,833–$31,050]) than the leuprolide cohort ($27,021 [interquartile range, $18,314–$34,995]; p<0.0001).

Conclusions
Patients with CPP treated with histrelin had a longer duration of treatment, lower rates of index treatment discontinuation, and lower annual treatment costs vs. those treated with leuprolide.
Analysis of Doppler reactivity of SMART reactor core for hybrid fuel configurations of UO2, MOX and (Th/U)O2 using OpenMC
Authors: Alzahrani Y. , Mehboob K. , Abolaban F. A. , Younis H. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this study, the Doppler reactivity coefficient has been investigated for UO2, MOX, and (Th/U)O2 fuel types. The calculation has been carried out using the Monte Carlo method ( OpenMC). The effective multiplication factor keff has been evaluated for three materials with four different configurations without Integral Fuel Burnable Absorber (IFBA) rods and soluble boron. The results of MOX fuel, homogenous and heterogeneous thorium fuel configuration has been compared with the core of the reference fuel assembly (UO2). The calculation showed that the effective multiplication factor at 1 000 K was 1.26052, 1.14254, 1.22018 and 1.23771 for reference core, MOX, homogenous and heterogeneous configurations respectively. The results shows that reactivity has decreased with increasing temperature while the doppler reactivity coefficient remained negative. Moreover, the use of (Th/U)O2 homogenous and heterogeneous configuration had shown an improved response compared to the reference core at 600 K and 1 000 K. The doppler reactivity coefficient has been found as –8.98E-3 pcm/K, -0.8 655 pcmK for the homogenous and –8.854 pcm/K, -1.2253 pcm/K for the heterogeneous configuration. However, the pattern remained the same as for the reference core at other temperature points. MOX fuel has shown less response compared to the other fuel configuration because of the high resonance absorption coefficient of Plutonium. This study showed that the SMART reactor could be operated safely with investigated fuel and models.