bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prosodic realization of tonal target and F0 peak alignment in Mandarin neutral tone
Authors: Li Aijun , Li Zhiqiang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Neutral tone in Mandarin is generally believed to lack tonal identity and exhibit more variability in its phonetic
realization. We examined the tonal target of neutral tone in a prosodic word consisting of a full syllable (S) and one, two, or
three neutral-tone syllables. In the experiment, the test words, presented in isolation and embedded in a carrier sentence, were
read in two intonation patterns: declarative and interrogative. The results showed: (1) the tonal target of neutral tone is L(ow)
at the end of the intonation phrase in declarative intonation and M(id) in question intonation; (2) its phonetic realization is
influenced by intonation patterns, the tone of S and the number of neutral-tone syllables in the prosodic word; (3) the influence
of the tone of S is more robust in shorter sequences than in longer ones with three neutral-tone syllables; (4) placement of the
F0 peak in T2 (LH) and the neutral tone immediately following T3 (L) is susceptible to the number of neutral-tone syllables. It
seems clear from our study that while the tonal target of neutral tone is related to prosodic structure, its actual F0 scaling is
sensitive to prosodic manipulations such as intonation patterns and prosodic word length. In addition,
tonelessness of neutral tone allows for more freedom in the alignment of the F0 peak, whose temporal
coordination with its segmental host is, nevertheless, subject to both phonological and phonetic constraints.
A preliminary study on nasalization and phonation
Authors: Li Xuan , Wang Feng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Although it is widely acknowledged that different speech processes may interact with each other, the way that nasalization affects phonation remains poorly understood. This paper explores the relationship between nasalization and phonation, by analyzing the phonetic cues of the tense/lax distinction both in nasalization and non-nasalization in the Bai language. The data for discussion is from two Bai dialects, Chengbei and Jinhua, which have a tense/lax distinction in both nasalized and non-nasalized syllables. Three phonation parameters – fundamental frequency (F0), open quotient (OQ), and speed quotient (SQ) – are extracted from EGG signals for analysis. It is found that the influence of nasalization on phonation varies with the tone contours. As for the level tones, the role of phonation manner in tone distinction is not evident in nasalization in that tense tones can be distinguished from lax tones only by pitch. However, in non-nasalization, phonation manner plays an indispensable role in tone distinction, in that the contrast between tense and lax tones are reflected not only on F0 but also on OQ and SQ. Moreover, non-nasalized tense tones are more likely to be accompanied by non-modal phonation that is characterized by a significantly higher SQ. In terms of articulatory explanation, high SQ in non-modal phonation is the result of the vibration of tightened vocal folds, and the tension of vocal folds is caused by raising the soft palate in non-nasalization. As for the falling tones, the role of phonation manner in tone distinction is more salient in nasalization than in non-nasalization in Chengbei Bai, but it is not attested in Jinhua Bai. This study shows that the interaction between nasalization and phonation in Bai can be revealed in the analysis of phonation parameters, i.e. F0, OQ, and SQ.
Cuantificación y pobreza de recursos
Authors: Laurencio Tacoronte Ariel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractaA partir de la idea de trabajo deAdamczewski (1978)de que algunos operadores adverbiales temporales o de frecuencia, al cuantificar la validez de la relación predicativa, bloquean esta relación tematizándola, intentamos desarrollar un instrumento de análisis lingüístico con el que abordar cuestiones aparentemente dispares como la interpretación iterativa o la indeterminada en ámbito verbal, o el uso del plural o del diminutivo en ámbito nominal. Por otro lado, al poder apreciar en el contraste entre lenguas que algunas implementan la operación de cuantificación a través de operadores con los que no cuentan otras, y que cada lengua al fin y al cabo no hace que uso de los recursos de los que dispone hasta ese momento de su evolución, desarrollamos el concepto de pobreza de recursos. A través de él intentamos hacer ver que cada lengua realiza en general operaciones similares a otras lenguas aun si las huellas visibles de estas operaciones en la superficie del enunciado son o pueden parecer del todo disímiles.
Multi-word term variation
Authors: Cabezas-García Melania , Chambó Santiago 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Complex nominals (CNs) are frequently found in specialized discourse in all languages, since they are a productive
method of creating terms by combining existing lexical units. In Spanish, a conceptual combination may often be rendered with a
prepositional CN (PCN) or an equivalent adjectival CN (ACN), e.g., demanda de electricidad vs. demanda eléctrica [electricity
demand]. Adjectives in ACNs – usually derived from nouns – are known as ‘relational adjectives’ because they encode semantic
relations with other concepts. With recent exceptions, research has focused on the underlying semantic relations in CNs. In
natural language processing, several works have dealt with the automatic detection of relation adjectives in Romance and Germanic
languages. However, there is no discourse studies of these CNs, to our knowledge, for the goal of establishing writer
recommendations. This study analyzed the co-text of equivalent PCNs and ACNs to identify factors governing the use of a certain
form. EcoLexicon ES, a corpus of Spanish environmental specialized texts, was used to extract 6 relational adjectives and,
subsequently, a set of 12 pairs of equivalent CNs. Their behavior in co-text was analyzed by querying EcoLexicon ES and a general
language corpus with 20 expressions in CQP-syntax. Our results showed that immediate linguistic co-text determined the preference
for a particular structure. Based on these findings, we provide writing guidelines to assist in the production of CNs.
Anomalous behavior induced by water insertion in molybdenum disulfide nanoflowers
Authors: Roshini R Anu , Malavika C , Kumar B Manoj , Kannan E S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The coexistence of negative photoconductivity and metallic-like behavior in conventional semiconductors is very uncommon. In this work, we report the existence of such unconventional physical properties in molybdenum disulfide nanoflowers (MoS2-NF). This is achieved by making the surface of MoS2 hygroscopic by alcohol treatment and creating a transport channel that favors protonic over electronic conduction. On cooling the MoS2-NF in a heat sink, the excess water that condenses on the surface forms a proton (H3O+) wire which exhibits pinched hysteresis characteristics. The conductivity of MoS2 increased by two orders of magnitude in the proton-dominated conduction regime with an exceptionally high positive temperature coefficient of 1.3 × 104 Ω K−1. Interestingly, MoS2-NF also exhibits strong negative photoconductivity at room temperature when illuminated with UV and infra-red radiation. This interesting behavior observed in MoS2 NF can be useful for energy harvesting applications and the realization of fast thermal memories and optical switches.
Self-powered flexible piezoelectric sensor based on PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 nanofibers for impact force monitoring and rubber mat aging assessment
Authors: Ding Yuxing , Geng Ranran , Zhu Ruijian , Zhang Weimin , Wang Weijie , Wang Zengmei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this work, a flexible piezoelectric sensor was fabricated based on PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3(PZT) nanofibers (NFs) composite, and its potential applications in impact force monitoring and rubber mat aging assessment were reported. The lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric NFs with diameters of 150–260 nm were prepared via electrospinning technique, showing a high piezoelectric coefficient (d
33 ∼ 92.5 pm V−1) for piezoelectric fibers. The PZT NFs and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were dispersed in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to fabricate a highly stretchable and flexible impact sensor (PZT/CNTs/PDMS piezoelectric nanocomposite sensor), which showed excellent low frequency sensitivity (as low as 0.01 Hz), high bending deformation sensitivity (as low as 0.192 cm−1 curvature deformation with 6.64 V cm−1 sensitivity) and cycle stability under external impact force. Besides, it is the first attempt to assess railway tracks rubber mat aging based on piezoelectric nanocomposite impact sensor, and the static stiffness relative error reaches a low value of 6.91%.
Combined TMS-fMRI reveals behavior-dependent network effects of right temporoparietal junction neurostimulation in an attentional belief updating task
Authors: Mengotti Paola , Käsbauer Anne-Sophie , Fink Gereon R , Vossel Simone 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Updating beliefs after unexpected events is fundamental for an optimal adaptation to the environment. Previous findings suggested a causal involvement of the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) in belief updating in an attention task. We combined offline continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) over rTPJ with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate local and remote stimulation effects within the attention and salience networks. In a sham-controlled, within-subject crossover design, 25 participants performed an attentional cueing task during fMRI with true or false information about cue predictability. By estimating learning rates from response times, we characterized participants’ belief updating. Model-derived cue predictability entered the fMRI analysis as a parametric regressor to identify the neural correlates of updating. rTPJ-cTBS effects showed high interindividual variability. The expected learning rate reduction with false cue predictability information by cTBS was only observed in participants showing higher updating in false than in true blocks after sham. cTBS modulated the neural signatures of belief updating, both in rTPJ and in nodes of the attention and salience networks. The interindividual variability of the behavioral cTBS effect was related to differential activity and rTPJ connectivity of the right anterior insula. These results demonstrate a crucial interaction between ventral attention and salience networks for belief updating.
Fair Allocation of Scarce Therapies for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Persad Govind , Peek Monica E , Shah Seema K 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued emergency use authorizations (EUAs) for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for nonhospitalized patients with mild or moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease and for individuals exposed to COVID-19 as postexposure prophylaxis. EUAs for oral antiviral drugs have also been issued. Due to increased demand because of the Delta variant, the federal government resumed control over the supply and asked states to ration doses. As future variants (eg, the Omicron variant) emerge, further rationing may be required. We identify relevant ethical principles (ie, benefiting people and preventing harm, equal concern, and mitigating health inequities) and priority groups for access to therapies based on an integrated approach to population health and medical factors (eg, urgently scarce healthcare workers, persons in disadvantaged communities hard hit by COVID-19). Using priority categories to allocate scarce therapies effectively operationalizes important ethical values. This strategy is preferable to the current approach of categorical exclusion or inclusion rules based on vaccination, immunocompromise status, or older age, or the ad hoc consideration of clinical risk factors.
Genetic evaluation of paediatric nephrocalcinosis: phenotype-driven genetic panels reveal a rare diagnosis
Authors: Patterson Jenny , Jacob Zoe , Reynolds Ben C 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Monogenic causes of paediatric nephrocalcinosis are associated with extensive phenotypic variability. We report a 14-year-old male who presented at 8 years of age with incidentally identified nephrocalcinosis alongside growth impairment and dental anomalies. Extensive genetic investigation confirmed a molecular diagnosis of Bartter syndrome type II. This is exceptional in both late presentation and the presence of amelogenesis imperfecta, a very rare association of inherited tubulopathies. Details of the nephrocalcinosis gene panel analysed and associated phenotypes are presented to highlight the utility of a phenotype-driven genetic panel in resolving an atypical presentation of nephrocalcinosis, allowing precise diagnosis, tailored therapy and prognostication.
Haploinsufficiency of the mouseTshz3gene leads to kidney defects
Authors: Sanchez-Martin Irene , Magalhães Pedro , Ranjzad Parisa , Fatmi Ahmed , Richard Fabrice , Manh Thien Phong Vu , Saurin Andrew J , Feuillet Guylène , Denis Colette , Woolf Adrian S , Schanstra Joost P , Zürbig Petra , Caubit Xavier , Fasano Laurent 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRenal tract defects and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) deficits represent the phenotypic core of the 19q12 deletion syndrome caused by the loss of one copy of the TSHZ3 gene. Although a proportion of Tshz3 heterozygous (Tshz3+/lacZ) mice display ureteral defects, no kidney defects have been reported in these mice. The purpose of this study was to characterize the expression of Tshz3 in adult kidney as well as the renal consequences of embryonic haploinsufficiency of Tshz3 by analyzing the morphology and function of Tshz3 heterozygous adult kidney. Here, we described Tshz3 expression in the smooth muscle and stromal cells lining the renal pelvis, the papilla and glomerular endothelial cells (GEnCs) of the adult kidney as well as in the proximal nephron tubules in neonatal mice. Histological analysis showed that Tshz3+/lacZ adult kidney had an average of 29% fewer glomeruli than wild-type kidney. Transmission electron microscopy of Tshz3+/lacZ glomeruli revealed a reduced thickness of the glomerular basement membrane and a larger foot process width. Compared to wild type, Tshz3+/lacZ mice showed lower blood urea, phosphates, magnesium and potassium at 2 months of age. At the molecular level, transcriptome analysis identified differentially expressed genes related to inflammatory processes in Tshz3+/lacZ compare to wild-type (control) adult kidneys. Lastly, analysis of the urinary peptidome revealed 33 peptides associated with Tshz3+/lacZ adult mice. These results provide the first evidence that in the mouse Tshz3 haploinsufficiency leads to cellular, molecular and functional abnormalities in the adult mouse kidney.
Human Research Study of Particulate Propagation Distance From Human Respiratory Function
Authors: Reyes Jonathan , Stiehl Bernhard , Delgado Juanpablo , Kinzel Michael , Ahmed Kareem 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Airborne viral pathogens like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can be encapsulated and transmitted through liquid droplets/aerosols formed during human respiratory events.

Methods
The number and extent of droplets/aerosols at distances between 1 and 6 ft (0.305–1.829 m) for a participant wearing no face covering, a cotton single-layer cloth face covering, and a 3-layer disposable face covering were measured for defined speech and cough events. The data include planar particle imagery to illuminate emissions by a light-sheet and local aerosol/droplet probes taken with phase Doppler interferometry and an aerodynamic particle sizer.

Results
Without face coverings, droplets/aerosols were detected up to a maximum of 1.25 m (4.1ft ± 0.22–0.28 ft) during speech and up to 1.37 m (4.5ft ± 0.19–0.33 ft) while coughing. The cloth face covering reduced maximum axial distances to 0.61 m (2.0 ft ± 0.11–0.15 ft) for speech and to 0.67 m (2.2 ft ± 0.02–0.20 ft) while coughing. Using the disposable face covering, safe distance was reduced further to 0.15 m (0.50 ft ± 0.01–0.03 ft) measured for both emission scenarios. In addition, the use of face coverings was highly effective in reducing the count of expelled aerosols.

Conclusions
The experimental study indicates that 0.914 m (3 ft) physical distancing with face coverings is equally as effective at reducing aerosol/droplet exposure as 1.829 m (6 ft) with no face covering.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Metformin in Different Pharmaceutical Combinations With Glipizide or Sitagliptin in Presence of Toxic Impurities of Metformin
Authors: Abdallah Fatma F , Magdy Fatma , Abdelaleem Eglal A , Emam Aml A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
The presented quadruple divisor spectrophotometric method was able to resolve and analyze a complex quintuple drug matrix with severe overlapped spectra without previous separation or extraction steps or need of complicated apparatus like chromatographic methods and had the advantage of being green as the solvent used was water.

Method
A simple, sensitive, and precise quadruple devisor spectrophotometric method was developed for simultaneous determination of metformin, glipizide, and sitagliptin in the presence of metformin potential impurities melamine and cyanoguanidine. The proposed method was applied for analysis of metformin, glipizide, and sitagliptin in pure form and pharmaceutical formulation (tablets). The developed method was validated and met the requirements for ICH guidelines with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, and robustness.

Results
A linear response was observed in the range of 2–27, 2–20, 1–20, 0.5–10, and 1–10 μg/mL for metformin, glipizide, sitagliptin, melamine, and cyanoguanidine, respectively, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9996, 0.9998, 0.9997, 0.9997, and 0.9996 for metformin, glipizide, sitagliptin, melamine, and cyanoguanidine, respectively.

Conclusions
The validated method was successfully applied for determination of the studied drugs in Janumet® and Engilor® tablets; moreover, the results were statistically compared to those obtained by the reported RP-HPLC method and no significant difference was found between them, indicating the ability of the proposed method to be used for routine quality-control analysis of these drugs.

Highlights
Novel application of quadruple divisor spectrophotometric technique is introduced for resolving mixtures containing five components with severely overlapping spectra. A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method was developed for simultaneous determination of metformin, glipizide, and sitagliptin in the presence of metformin potential impurities melamine and cyanoguanidine. The validity of the proposed method was revealed as per ICH guidelines.
Transcriptional regulation of triacylglycerol accumulation in plants under environmental stress conditions
Authors: Nam Jeong-Won , Lee Hong Gil , Do Hyungju , Kim Hyun Uk , Seo Pil Joon 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG), a major energy reserve in lipid form, accumulates mainly in seeds. Although TAG concentrations are usually low in vegetative tissues because of the repression of seed maturation programs, these programs are derepressed upon the exposure of vegetative tissues to environmental stresses. Metabolic reprogramming of TAG accumulation is driven primarily by transcriptional regulation. A substantial proportion of transcription factors regulating seed TAG biosynthesis also participates in stress-induced TAG accumulation in vegetative tissues. TAG accumulation leads to the formation of lipid droplets and plastoglobules, which play important roles in plant tolerance to environmental stresses. Toxic lipid intermediates generated from environmental-stress-induced lipid membrane degradation are captured by TAG-containing lipid droplets and plastoglobules. This review summarizes recent advances in the transcriptional control of metabolic reprogramming underlying stress-induced TAG accumulation, and provides biological insight into the plant adaptive strategy, linking TAG biosynthesis with plant survival.
Star cluster formation from giant molecular clouds in the Small Magellanic Cloud about 2 Gyr ago: their origin, structures, and kinematics
Authors: Williams Mia L , Bekki Kenji , McKenzie Madeleine 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Recent observations have found that the age distribution of star clusters (SCs) in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) shows a sharp peak around 2 Gyr ago. However, it is theoretically unclear what physical processes are responsible for such sudden formation of SCs in the SMC. Here, we investigate whether massive SCs with initial masses more than $10^5\, \text{M}_\odot$ can be formed during tidal interaction of the SMC with the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) about 2 Gyr ago, based on our new simulations, which include molecular hydrogen formation on dust grains and SC formation within giant molecular clouds (GMCs). We find that the formation of GMCs with masses more than $10^5\, \text{M}_\odot$ can be dramatically enhanced due to the tidal force of the LMC–SMC interaction. We also find that gravitationally bound massive SCs can be formed within these GMCs, though their mean stellar densities ($10^4\, \text{M}_\odot \,\text{pc}^{-3}$) are systematically lower than those of the genuine globular clusters (GCs). All simulated SCs have diffuse extended stellar envelopes that were formed from multiple merging of sub clusters within their natal GMCs. Furthermore, we find that some of the simulated SCs can have considerable global internal rotation and sub-structures surrounding them. Based on these simulation results, we discuss the origin of the observed diverse properties of SCs in the SMC and the physical roles of galaxy interaction in the formation of massive SCs from GMCs.
The nature of the Cygnus extreme B supergiant 2MASS J20395358+4222505
Authors: Herrero A , Berlanas S R , Gil de Paz A , Comerón F , Puls J , Ramírez Alegría S , Garcia M , Lennon D J , Najarro F , Simón-Díaz S , Urbaneja M A , Gallego J , Carrasco E , Iglesias J , Cedazo R , García Vargas M L , Castillo-Morales Á , Pascual S , Cardiel N , Pérez-Calpena A , Gómez-Alvarez P , Martínez-Delgado I 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT2MASS J20395358+4222505 is an obscured early B supergiant near the massive OB star association Cygnus OB2. Despite its bright infrared magnitude (Ks = 5.82) it has remained largely ignored because of its dim optical magnitude (B = 16.63, V = 13.68). In a previous paper, we classified it as a highly reddened, potentially extremely luminous, early B-type supergiant. We obtained its spectrum in the U, B and R spectral bands during commissioning observations with the instrument MEGARA at the Gran Telescopio CANARIAS. It displays a particularly strong Hα emission for its spectral type, B1 Ia. The star seems to be in an intermediate phase between supergiant and hypergiant, a group that it will probably join in the near (astronomical) future. We observe a radial velocity difference between individual observations and determine the stellar parameters, obtaining Teff = 24 000 K and log gc = 2.88 ± 0.15. The rotational velocity found is large for a B supergiant, $v$ sin i = 110 ± 25 $\rm km\, s^{-1}$. The abundance pattern is consistent with solar, with a mild C  underabundance (based on a single line). Assuming that J20395358+4222505 is at the distance of Cyg OB2, we derive the radius from infrared photometry, finding R = 41.2 ± 4.0 R⊙, log(L/L⊙) = 5.71 ± 0.04 and a spectroscopic mass of 46.5 ± 15.0 M⊙. The clumped mass-loss rate (clumping factor 10) is very high for the spectral type, $\dot{M}$ = 2.4 × 10−6 M⊙ a−1. The high rotational velocity and mass-loss rate place the star at the hot side of the bi-stability jump. Together with the nearly solar CNO abundance pattern, they may also point to evolution in a binary system, J20395358+4222505 being the initial secondary.