bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of digital watermarking on subjective speech quality
Authors: Kowalczuk Yann , Holub Jan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNew methods of securing the distribution of audio content have been widely deployed in the last twenty years. Their impact on perceptive quality has, however, only been seldomly the subject of recent extensive research. We review digital speech watermarking state of the art and provide subjective testing of watermarked speech samples. Latest speech watermarking techniques are listed, with their specifics and potential for further development. Their current and possible applications are evaluated. Open-source software designed to embed watermarking patterns in audio files is used to produce a set of samples that satisfies the requirements of modern speech-quality subjective assessments. The patchwork algorithm that is coded in the application is mainly considered in this analysis. Different watermark robustness levels are used, which allow determining the threshold of detection to human listeners. The subjective listening tests are conducted following ITU-T P.800 Recommendation, which precisely defines the conditions and requirements for subjective testing. Further analysis tries to determine the effects of noise and various disturbances on watermarked speech’s perceived quality. A threshold of intelligibility is estimated to allow further openings on speech compression techniques with watermarking. The impact of language or social background is evaluated through an additional experiment involving two groups of listeners. Results show significant robustness of the watermarking implementation, retaining both a reasonable net subjective audio quality and security attributes, despite mild levels of distortion and noise. Extended experiments with Chinese listeners open the door to formulate a hypothesis on perception variations with geographical and social backgrounds.
Humans in the upstream can exacerbate climate change impacts on water birds’ habitat in the downstream
Authors: Maleki Saeideh , Rahdari Vahid , Baghdadi Nicolas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe present paper aims to quantify how human-made changes in the upstream exacerbate climate change impacts on water birds’ habitat in the downstream. To reduce climate change effects and design adaptation policies, it is important to identify whether human activities understate or overstate the effects of climate change in a region on its inhabitants. This paper also shows how human activities may magnify climate change impacts both locally and regionally. Land-use/land-cover change as the important sign of human-made destruction in an ecosystem was detected in the upstream of the Helmand basin over 40 years. Owing to conflicts in Afghanistan, studies on this basin are rare. The water bird’s habitat suitability maps during the study period were created using the maximum entropy model and the multi-criteria evaluation method. The post-classification method was applied to show the land-use/land-cover change over 40 years. These results were compared to the area of suitable habitat for water birds. The findings of these analyses indicated that the irrigated farming was expanded in the upstream despite climate change and water limitation, while the water birds’ habitat in the downstream was declined. These results revealed that the unsustainable pattern of farming and blocking water behind dams in the upstream exacerbated the negative effects of climate change on water birds’ habitat in the downstream. The significance of this study is to demonstrate the role of human in exacerbating climate change impacts both locally and regionally.
Accurate and semi-automated reassociation of intermixed human skeletal remains recovered from bioarchaeological and forensic contexts
Authors: Anastopoulou Ioanna , Karakostis Fotios Alexandros , Harvati Katerina , Moraitis Konstantinos 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCommingled remains describes the situation of intermixed skeletal elements, an extremely common occurrence in contemporary forensic cases, archaeological mass graves, as well as fossil hominin assemblages. Given that reliable identification is typically impossible for commingled contexts, a plethora of previous studies has focused on the development of refined methods for reassociating the bones of each individual skeleton. Here, a novel virtual approach for quantifying the degree of three-dimensional shape compatibility between two adjoining bone articular surfaces is put forth. Additionally, the integrability of this method with traditional osteometric techniques is evaluated. We focus on the paradigm of the hip joint, whose articulating bone elements (the femur and the innominate bone) are crucial for reconstructing the biological profile of unidentified human remains. The results demonstrate that this new semi-automated methodology is highly accurate both for large commingled assemblages (such as those resulting from mass disasters or burials) as well as smaller-scale contexts (such as those resulting from secondary burials).
Capturing convection essential for projections of climate change in African dust emission
Authors: Garcia-Carreras Luis , Marsham John H. , Stratton Rachel A. , Tucker Simon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe summertime Sahara and Sahel are the world’s largest source of airborne mineral dust. Cold-pool outflows from moist convection (‘haboobs’) are a dominant source of summertime uplift but are essentially missing in global models, raising major questions on the reliability of climate projections of dust and dust impacts. Here we use convection-permitting simulations of pan-African climate change, which explicitly capture haboobs, to investigate whether this key limitation of global models affects projections. We show that explicit convection is key to capturing the observed summertime maximum of dust-generating winds, which is missed with parameterised convection. Despite this, future climate changes in dust-generating winds are more sensitive to the effects of explicit convection on the wider meteorology than they are to the haboobs themselves, with model differences in the change in dust-generating winds reaching 60% of current values. The results therefore show the importance of improving convection in climate models for dust projections.
Nuclear preservation in the cartilage of the Jehol dinosaur Caudipteryx
Authors: Zheng Xiaoting , Bailleul Alida M. , Li Zhiheng , Wang Xiaoli , Zhou Zhonghe 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPrevious findings on dinosaur cartilage material from the Late Cretaceous of Montana suggested that cartilage is a vertebrate tissue with unique characteristics that favor nuclear preservation. Here, we analyze additional dinosaur cartilage inCaudipteryx(STM4-3) from the Early Cretaceous Jehol biota of Northeast China. The cartilage fragment is highly diagenetically altered when observed in ground-sections but shows exquisite preservation after demineralization. It reveals transparent, alumino-silicified chondrocytes and brown, ironized chondrocytes. The histochemical stain Hematoxylin and Eosin (that stains the nucleus and cytoplasm in extant cells) was applied to both the demineralized cartilage ofCaudipteryxand that of a chicken. The two specimens reacted identically, and one dinosaur chondrocyte revealed a nucleus with fossilized threads of chromatin. This is the second example of fossilized chromatin threads in a vertebrate material. These data show that some of the original nuclear biochemistry is preserved in this dinosaur cartilage material and further support the hypothesis that cartilage is very prone to nuclear fossilization and a perfect candidate to further understand DNA preservation in deep time.
Label-free enrichment of rare unconventional circulating neoplastic cells using a microfluidic dielectrophoretic sorting device
Authors: Montoya Mira Jose , Sapre Ajay A. , Walker Brett S. , Alvarez Jesus Bueno , Gustafson Kyle T. , Tu Eugene , Fischer Jared M. , Wong Melissa H. , Esener Sadik , Chiu Yu-Jui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCellular circulating biomarkers from the primary tumor such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating hybrid cells (CHCs) have been described to harbor tumor-like phenotype and genotype. CHCs are present in higher numbers than CTCs supporting their translational potential. Methods for isolation of CHCs do not exist and are restricted to low-throughput, time consuming, and biased methodologies. We report the development of a label-free dielectrophoretic microfluidic platform facilitating enrichment of CHCs in a high-throughput and rapid fashion by depleting healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We demonstrated up to 96.5% depletion of PBMCs resulting in 18.6-fold enrichment of cancer cells. In PBMCs from pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients, the platform enriched neoplastic cells identified by their KRAS mutant status using droplet digital PCR with one hour of processing. Enrichment was achieved in 75% of the clinical samples analyzed, establishing this approach as a promising way to non-invasively analyze tumor cells from patients.
Multivariate analysis reveals shared genetic architecture of brain morphology and human behavior
Authors: de Vlaming Ronald , Slob Eric A. W. , Jansen Philip R. , Dagher Alain , Koellinger Philipp D. , Groenen Patrick J. F. , Rietveld Cornelius A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHuman variation in brain morphology and behavior are related and highly heritable. Yet, it is largely unknown to what extent specific features of brain morphology and behavior are genetically related. Here, we introduce a computationally efficient approach for multivariate genomic-relatedness-based restricted maximum likelihood (MGREML) to estimate the genetic correlation between a large number of phenotypes simultaneously. Using individual-level data (N = 20,190) from the UK Biobank, we provide estimates of the heritability of gray-matter volume in 74 regions of interest (ROIs) in the brain and we map genetic correlations between these ROIs and health-relevant behavioral outcomes, including intelligence. We find four genetically distinct clusters in the brain that are aligned with standard anatomical subdivision in neuroscience. Behavioral traits have distinct genetic correlations with brain morphology which suggests trait-specific relevance of ROIs. These empirical results illustrate how MGREML can be used to estimate internally consistent and high-dimensional genetic correlation matrices in large datasets.
Designing narcissistic self-sorting terpyridine moieties with high coordination selectivity for complex metallo-supramolecules
Authors: Ma Jianjun , Lu Tong , Duan Xiaozheng , Xu Yaping , Li Zhikai , Li Kehuan , Shi Junjuan , Bai Qixia , Zhang Zhe , Hao Xin-Qi , Chen Zhi , Wang Pingshan , Wang Ming 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCoordination-driven self-assembly is a powerful approach for the construction of metallosupramolecules, but designing coordination moieties that can drive the self-assembly with high selectivity and specificity remains a challenge. Here we report two ortho-modified terpyridine ligands that form head-to-tail coordination complexes with Zn(II). Both complexes show narcissistic self-sorting behaviour. In addition, starting from these ligands, we obtain two sterically congested multitopic ligands and use them to construct more complex metallo-supramolecules hexagons. Because of the non-coaxial structural restrictions in the rotation of terpyridine moieties, these hexagonal macrocycles can hierarchically self-assemble into giant cyclic nanostructures via edge-to-edge stacking, rather than face-to-face stacking. Our design of dissymmetrical coordination moieties from congested coordination pairs show remarkable self-assembly selectivity and specificity.
Detecting informative higher-order interactions in statistically validated hypergraphs
Authors: Musciotto Federico , Battiston Federico , Mantegna Rosario N. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecent empirical evidence has shown that in many real-world systems, successfully represented as networks, interactions are not limited to dyads, but often involve three or more agents at a time. These data are better described by hypergraphs, where hyperlinks encode higher-order interactions among a group of nodes. In spite of the extensive literature on networks, detecting informative hyperlinks in real world hypergraphs is still an open problem. Here we propose an analytic approach to filter hypergraphs by identifying those hyperlinks that are over-expressed with respect to a random null hypothesis, and represent the most relevant higher-order connections. We apply our method to a class of synthetic benchmarks and to several datasets, showing that the method highlights hyperlinks that are more informative than those extracted with pairwise approaches. Our method provides a first way, to the best of our knowledge, to obtain statistically validated hypergraphs, separating informative connections from noisy ones.
Matryoshka phonon twinning in α-GaN
Authors: Wei Bin , Cai Qingan , Sun Qiyang , Su Yaokun , Said Ayman H. , Abernathy Douglas L. , Hong Jiawang , Li Chen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUnderstanding lattice dynamics is crucial for effective thermal management in electronic devices because phonons dominate thermal transport in most semiconductors. α-GaN has become a focus of interest as one of the most important third-generation power semiconductors, however, the knowledge on its phonon dynamics remains limited. Here we show a Matryoshka phonon dispersion of α-GaN with the complementary inelastic X-ray and neutron scattering techniques and the first-principles calculations. Such Matryoshka twinning throughout the basal plane of the reciprocal space is demonstrated to amplify the anharmonicity of the related phonons through creating abundant three-phonon scattering channels and cutting the lifetime of affected modes by more than 50%. Such phonon topology contributes to reducing the in-plane thermal transport, thus the anisotropic thermal conductivity of α-GaN. The results not only have implications for engineering the thermal performance of α-GaN, but also offer valuable insights on the role of anomalous phonon topology in thermal transport of other technically semiconductors.
Sputter‐grown GeTe/Sb2Te3 superlattice interfacial phase change memory for low power and multi‐level‐cell operation
Authors: Jin Soo‐Min , Kang Shin‐Young , Kim Hea‐Jee , Lee Ju‐Young , Nam In‐Ho , Shim Tae‐Hun , Song Yun‐Heub , Park Jea‐Gun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe multi‐level feature of GeTe/Sb2Te3 interfacial phase change memory was achieved by applying a designed voltage‐based pulse. It stably demonstrated five multi‐level states without interference for 90 cycles by varying the pulse width. GeTe/Sb2Te3 interfacial phase change memory demonstrated retention time of > 1.0 × 103 s, presenting the significantly low drift coefficient (ν) of < 0.009, indicating no resistivity drift due to the structure relaxation of glass. In addition, the reset energy consumption of GeTe/Sb2Te3 interfacial phase change memory was reduced by more than 85% compared to conventional Ge2Sb2Te5 phase change memory at each bottom electrode contact size. Multi‐level‐cell operation mechanism and gradual increase in conductance value of GeTe/Sb2Te3 interfacial phase change memory was explained by a partial resistance transition model where phase transition occurred partially in all layers. The result of the GeTe/Sb2Te3 interfacial phase change memory performance is expected to bring great advantages to the next‐generation storage class memory industry that requires low energy and high density.
YY Hya and its interstellar environment
Authors: Kimeswenger Stefan , Thorstensen John R. , Fesen Robert A. , Drechsler Marcel , Strottner Xavier , Germiniani Maicon , Steindl Thomas , Przybilla Norbert , Weil Kathryn E. , Rupert Justin 
Published: October 2021

Context. During a search for previously unknown Galactic emission nebulae, we discovered a faint 36′ diameter Hα emission nebula centered around the periodic variable YY Hya. Although this star has been classified as an RR-Lyr variable, such a classification is inconsistent with a Gaia distance of ≃450 pc. The GALEX image data also show YY Hya as having a strong UV excess, suggesting the existence of a hot and compact binary companion.
Aims. We aim to clarify the nature of YY Hya and its nebula.
Methods. In addition to our discovery image data, we obtained a 2.°5 × 2.°5 image mosaic of the whole region with CHILESCOPE facilities and time-series spectroscopy at MDM observatory. Also, we used data from various space missions to derive an exact orbital period and a spectral energy distribution.
Results. We find that YY Hya is a compact binary system containing a K dwarf star that is strongly irradiated by a hot white dwarf companion. The spectral characteristics of the emission lines that are visible only during the maximum light of the perfectly sinusoidal optical light curve show signatures resembling those of members of the BE UMa variable family. These are post-common-envelope pre-cataclysmic variables. However, the companion star here is more massive than that found in other group members and, thus, the progenitor of the white dwarf must have been a star between 3 and 4 M⊙. The nebula appears to be an ejected common-envelope shell with a mass on the order of one M⊙ and an age of 500 000 yr. This makes it the biggest such shell known thus far. The alignment of neighboring nebulosities some 45′ to the northeast and southwest of YY Hya suggests that the system has had strong bipolar outflows. We also briefly speculate that it might be related to the 1065 BP “guest-star” reported in ancient Chinese records.
Simulations of the line-driven instability in magnetic hot star winds
Authors: Driessen F. A. , Kee N. D. , Sundqvist J. O. 
Published: October 2021

Context. Line-driven winds of hot, luminous stars are intrinsically unstable due to the line-deshadowing instability (LDI). In non-magnetic hot stars, the LDI leads to the formation of an inhomogeneous wind consisting of small-scale, spatially separated clumps that can have great effects on observational diagnostics. However, for magnetic hot stars the LDI generated structures, wind dynamics, and effects on observational diagnostics have not been directly investigated so far.
Aims. We investigated the non-linear development of LDI generated structures and dynamics in a magnetic line-driven wind of a typical O-supergiant.
Methods. We employed two-dimensional axisymmetric magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the LDI using the Smooth Source Function approximation for evaluating the assumed one-dimensional line force. To facilitate the interpretation of these magnetic models, they were compared with a corresponding non-magnetic LDI simulation as well as a magnetic simulation neglecting the LDI.
Results. A central result obtained is that the wind morphology and wind clumping properties change strongly with increasing wind-magnetic confinement. Most notably, in magnetically confined flows, the LDI leads to large-scale, shellular sheets (‘pancakes’) that are quite distinct from the spatially separate, small-scale clumps in non-magnetic line-driven winds. We discuss the impact of these findings for observational diagnostic studies and stellar evolution models of magnetic hot stars.
Lebendnierenspende und perioperative Therapie
Authors: Aßfalg Volker , Hüser Norbert , Hartmann Daniel 
Published: October 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Lebendnierenspende stellt heute angesichts des Organspendermangels eine attraktive Möglichkeit zur Transplantation eines terminal nierenkranken Patienten dar. Dennoch darf das Risiko, das der Spender durch die Operation und die anschließende Einnierigkeit eingeht, nicht außer Acht gelassen werden. Während sich der vorangegangene Artikel mit der Vorbereitung und Abklärung der Eignung des potenziellen Spenders für die Nierenlebendspende beschäftigt, thematisiert der folgende Beitrag den chirurgischen Bereich der Transplantation, gibt Einblicke in moderne Operationstechniken, benennt technische und anatomische Herausforderungen und charakterisiert die verbundenen Risiken.
Integration of C-Acylation in the Solid-Phase Synthesis of Peptides and Peptidomimetics Employing Meldrum’s Acid, Phosphorus, and Sulfur Ylides
Authors: Rademann Jörg , Ahsanullah Ahsanullah , Hassan Abbas , Ansari Farzana L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe modification of native peptides to peptidomimetics is an important goal in medicinal chemistry and requires, in many cases, the integration of C-acylation steps involving amino acids with classical peptide synthesis. Many classical C-acylation protocols involving Claisen condensations and the use of ylides are not compatible with peptide synthesis, mostly due to the requirements for strong bases leading to epimerization or deprotection of peptides. Meldrum’s acid as well as several specific phosphorus and sulfur ylides, however, are acidic enough to provide reactive C-nucleophiles under mildly basic conditions tolerated during peptide synthesis. This review provides an overview of peptide-compatible C-acylations using Meldrum’s acid and phosphorus and sulfur ylides, and their application in the medicinal chemistry of peptides.1	Introduction2	C-Acylation of Meldrum’s Acid2.1	C-Acylation of Meldrum’s Acid on Solid Phase3	Ylides as Substrates for C-Acylation3.1	C-Acylation of Phosphorus Ylides in Solution Phase3.2	C-Acylation of Solid-Supported Phosphorus Ylides3.3	C-Acylation of Sulfur Ylides3.4	C-Acylation of Solid-Supported Sulfur Ylides4	Miscellaneous Ylides as Acyl Anion Equivalents5	Summary
Cesarean Hysterectomy for Placenta Previa Accreta Using Retrograde Abdominal Hysterectomy Approaching from the Posterior Vaginal Wall
Authors: Hiramatsu Yuji 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHysterectomy for placenta percreta with bladder invasion is a difficult operation because of the high possibility of massive bleeding; therefore, surgery should be performed in a facility equipped with a sufficient number of trained staff. The degree of bladder invasion should be assessed correctly before the operation, and it is necessary to carefully consider how to address intraoperative complications and massive bleeding in the preoperative conference. The following should be prepared preoperatively: autologous blood and stored blood; ureteral catheter and insertion materials; materials to separate and tape the internal iliac artery and ureter; balloon for insertion into the common iliac artery or aorta and aortic clamps; and materials for compression suturing, such as B-Lynch suture. Sufficient informed patient consent is also required. During surgery, which may cause massive and sometimes life-threatening bleeding, the general rule is to begin at a safe site without adhesions and then treat the adhesion site. According to this rule, bladder dissection should be performed last in cases of placenta percreta with bladder invasion. As a surgical technique using this principle, we introduce retrograde hysterectomy approaching from the posterior vaginal wall.