bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co-production of knowledge reveals loss of Indigenous hunting opportunities in the face of accelerating Arctic climate change
Authors: Hauser Donna D W , Whiting Alex V , Mahoney Andrew R , Goodwin John , Harris Cyrus , Schaeffer Robert J , Schaeffer Roswell , Laxague Nathan J M , Subramaniam Ajit , Witte Carson R , Betcher Sarah , Lindsay Jessica M , Zappa Christopher J 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Profound sea ice loss is rapidly transforming coupled social-ecological Arctic marine systems. However, explicit impacts to harvesting of traditional resources for coastal Indigenous communities remain largely unquantified, particularly where the primary research questions are posed by the Indigenous community as a result of emerging approaches such as knowledge co-production. Here, we directly link reduced sea ice coverage to decreasing harvesting opportunities for ugruk (bearded seal, Erignathus barbatus) as a component of a partnership among a multidisciplinary team of scientists, Indigenous Elder Advisory Council, and sovereign Indigenous tribe in northwest Alaska, USA. We collaboratively established research questions, coordinated data collection, and interpreted results to understand the causes and consequences of changing ugruk harvests for the community of Qikiqtaġruk (Kotzebue). The duration of spring ugruk hunts by the Qikiqtaġruŋmiut declined significantly during 2003–2019 due to a shift (∼3 weeks earlier) in the timing of regional sea ice breakup. Harvests now cease ∼26 d earlier than in the past decade. Using historical sea ice records, we further demonstrate that ice coverage in May now resembles conditions that were common in July during the mid-20th century. Overall, we show that climate change is constraining hunting opportunities for this traditional marine resource, although Qikiqtaġruŋmiut hunters have so far been able to offset a shortened season with changes in effort. Notwithstanding recent hunting success in unprecedentedly sparse ice conditions, accessibility to traditional resources remains a prominent concern for many Arctic communities. Management and policy decisions related to Arctic marine mammal resources, such as ugruk, are therefore also interwoven with food security, well-being, and culture of Indigenous communities. Hence, research that originates with Indigenous sovereignty over the entire research process, such as demonstrated here, has the potential to also lead to more inclusive, sustainable, and equitable outcomes in the face of rapid and accelerating Arctic change.
Seasonally dynamic nutrient modeling quantifies storage lags and time-varying reactivity across large river basins
Authors: Schmadel Noah M , Harvey Judson W , Schwarz Gregory E 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Nutrients that have gradually accumulated in soils, groundwaters, and river sediments in the United States over the past century can remobilize and increase current downstream loading, obscuring effects of conservation practices aimed at protecting water resources. Drivers of storage accumulation and release of nutrients are poorly understood at the spatial scale of basins to watersheds. Predicting water quality outcomes in large river basins demands modeling storage lags and time varying reactivity that models of mean conditions typically cannot elucidate. We developed a seasonally dynamic approach to large-scale nutrient modeling based on a multiscale framework and nutrient storage lags were quantified for the nearly 190 000 small catchments that feed the rivers across the northeastern United States where catchment mean transit times were found to be around 4.7 (2–10) years for nitrogen and 1.3 (0.7–2) years for phosphorus. Nutrient loads carried in river flow in the current season contained a significant—and sometimes dominant—portion of mass lagged in its release from catchment storage repositories. Our approach of integrating storage releases with seasonally dynamic hydroclimatic drivers sets the stage to assess the accumulated effects of nutrient storage and lagged releases to the river interacting with seasonally varying nutrient reactivity and societal management actions throughout large river basins.
Comprehensiveness of circular economy assessments of regions: a systematic review at the macro-level
Authors: Van Bueren Bart J A , Iyer-Raniga Usha , Leenders Mark A A M , Argus Kevin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The circular economy (CE) is emerging as a solution for a thriving economy within regional and planetary boundaries for environment and social justice. CE is multifaceted with interconnected processes and therefore rather difficult to assess comprehensively. This paper reviewed the corpus of macro-level CE assessments, to find the best practices in CE assessments of regions scaling from neighborhoods to planetary. The extensive content analysis on the corpus of 165 studies used a novel mixed methods of meta-analysis, taxonomy and integrative review. This review investigates the comprehensiveness of CE assessments. Findings include three types of CE performance monitoring, four types of resource clustering, five scales, and a 5-step procedure to evaluate CE. CE can be monitored on: (a) absolute performance, quantifying economic resource-input, stock and waste-output; (b) efficiency performance, monitoring the optimization of CE processes similar to recycling, reuse, or even sharing and virtualizing; (c) policy performance to monitor strategies from regional stakeholders. Resource clustering can create hierarchies by metrics, uses, system-boundaries, or emergy. Identified scales are: XL for the planet; L for continents; M for large provinces, states and smaller countries; S for cities; and, XS for neighborhoods. Scales assist in comparing and benchmarking, but are also required for a proposed policy of localizing CE. This review found the ReSOLVE-framework as relatively comprehensive on CE processes. Also, multiple knowledge gaps were identified among resources, processes and regions. This review aids CE knowledge accumulation across regions and scales, to accelerate implementing the CE.
A study on damage evolution in Cu-TiO2 composite fabricated at different temperatures and strain rates
Authors: Jafari S S , Majzoobi G H 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Copper/Titanium Dioxide (CuTiO2) samples were fabricated at three temperatures (450 °C, 650 °C, 850 °C) using: a universal testing machine (quasi-statically at the strain rate of 8 × 10–3 s−1), a drop Hammer (dynamically at the strain rate of about 8 × 102 s−1), and a modified Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (strain rate of about 1.6 × 103 s−1). The effects of reinforcing particle size on relative density and damage parameter of Cu reinforced by 0, 2.5, 5 and 10% volume fractions of nano- and micro-sized TiO2 were investigated. The results indicated that the size of TiO2 particles, loading rate, and temperature had significant effect on relative density and damage parameter. The results also showed that the Quasi-Static method was superior to the other two methods. In addition, by increasing temperature, the mechanical properties of the composites were improved. The results showed that the effect of nano sized reinforcement particles on damage parameter was more profound than micro sized reinforcement particles. In this work, a new damage model considering the effects of strain rate, temperature, volume fraction and the aspect ratio of particles on damage parameter was proposed. The damage parameter was obtained using relative density and elasticity modulus. The results showed significant difference between the two methods. However, the density method yields more accurate and realistic results.
Super-high sensitivity FBAR temperature sensor based on size effect of Ti insertion layer
Authors: Lin Wenkui , Yun Xiaofan , Wang Xiaoyi , Zeng Zhongming , Wang Yiqun , Zhang Xiaodong , Zeng Chunhong , Zhang Baoshun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The temperature sensitivity is one of the critical parameters for the thin film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) based temperature sensors. In this work, FBARs with Au/Fe0.8Ga0.2/Ti/AlN/Mo structure are developed. The size effect of the Ti insertion layer on the temperature sensitivity of the devices is systematically investigated. The devices were fabricated by MEMS process and characterized by a network analyzer under variable temperatures. It is found that the temperature sensitivity of the devices is strongly related to the thickness of the Ti insertion layer. A super-high temperature sensitivity up to 546 kHz °C−1 was obtained with 20 nm Ti inserted thin film; that feature can even reach 825 kHz °C−1 for some devices, showing great potential for ultra-sensitive temperature monitoring. Mason model is used to analyze the extraordinary characteristics of the device and finite element method (FEM) is used to analyze the strain distribution in the device. The supreme performance of the temperature sensor can be explained by the size effect of the temperature coefficient of Young’s modulus (TCE) of Ti film, which means that the TCE was enhanced when the thickness of the Ti film is around 20 nm. This work provides a new approach for the design of high sensitivity temperature sensor based on FBAR.
Improving the mechanical properties and coefficient of thermal expansion of molybdenum-reinforced copper using powder metallurgy
Authors: Ahmadein M , El-Kady Omayma A , Mohammed M M , Essa Fadl A , Alsaleh Naser A , Djuansjah Joy , Elsheikh Ammar H 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an experimental study of Cu-Mo alloys prepared by powder metallurgy (PM) method. Also, improving the dispersion and wettability of Mo in the Cu matrix was aimed. Mo particles were added by 0.24, 0.48, 0.73 and 0.97% volume fraction to Cu powder. The mixture was mechanically milled by planetary ball mill at a rotational speed of 140 rpm for 24 h under hydrogen atmosphere, with milling ball size of ∼25 times the size of the metal powders. Liquid acetone was utilized as a process control agent (PCA). Paraffin wax (0.5 wt%) was used to decrease the friction with die during the compaction process. The mixture of the blended powder was compacted at ambient temperature under three different pressures (400, 600 and 800 MPa) and then sintered in a vacuum furnace at 1000 °C for 1 h by a heating rate of 5 °C min−1. The microstructure examination showed a homogeneous dispersion of Mo particles within the Cu matrix with no evidence of new phases formation during the sintering process. Also, the relative density of samples has been increased by increasing both of Mo content and the compaction pressure. The results revealed that the compaction pressure of 600 MPa was the most suitable pressure as it gave the highest densification. Cu—0.97% volume fraction Mo alloy samples exhibited finer Mo particles with a homogenous distribution in the Cu matrix and well bonding with the Cu particles. The microhardness was increased gradually by increasing Mo wt%, while the compressive strength was decreased by increasing the Mo contents. Both the electrical and thermal conductivities were decreased gradually by the addition of Mo. While the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) was decreased by Mo addition.
Early life stress affects the miRNA cargo of epididymal extracellular vesicles in mouse
Authors: Alshanbayeva Anar , Tanwar Deepak K , Roszkowski Martin , Manuella Francesca , Mansuy Isabelle M 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSperm RNA can be modified by environmental factors and has been implicated in communicating signals about changes in a father's environment to the offspring. The small RNA composition of sperm could be changed during its final stage of maturation in the epididymis by extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by epididymal cells. We studied the effect of exposure to stress in early postnatal life on the transcriptome of epididymal EVs using a mouse model of transgenerational transmission. We found that the small RNA signature of epididymal EVs, particularly miRNAs, is altered in adult males exposed to postnatal stress. In some cases, these miRNA changes correlate with differences in the expression of their target genes in sperm and zygotes generated from that sperm. These results suggest that stressful experiences in early life can have persistent biological effects on the male reproductive tract that may in part be responsible for the transmission of the effects of exposure to the offspring.
Cortactin knockdown results in disruption of basal TBCs and alters turnover of Sertoli cell ESs in Rattus norvegicus
Authors: Palia Prunveer , Adams Arlo , Sriram Aarati , Vogl A Wayne 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Here we explore the prediction that long-term knockdown of cortactin (CTTN), a component of tubulobulbar complexes (TBCs), disrupts TBCs in Sertoli cells and alters the turnover of basal ectoplasmic specializations (ESs). In rats, intratesticular injections of siRNA targeting CTTN (siCTTN) in one testis and nontargeting siRNA (siControl) in the contralateral testis were done on days 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8. The experiment was terminated on day 9 and testes were analyzed by either western blotting, or by stimulated emission depletion (STED), electron and/or conventional fluorescence microscopy. Levels of CTTN were successfully knocked down in experimental testes compared to controls. When cryo-sections were labeled for actin filaments, or CTTN, and oxysterol binding protein–related protein 9 (ORP9) and analyzed by STED microscopy, TBCs were “less distinct” than in tubules of the same stages from control testes. When analyzed by electron microscopy, redundant clumps of basal actin filament containing ESs were observed in experimental sections. Using labeling of actin filaments in ESs, thresholding techniques were used to calculate the number of pixels above threshold per unit length of tubule wall in seminiferous tubules at Stage VII. Median values were higher in experimental testes relative to controls in the four animals analyzed. Although we detected subtle differences in ES turnover, we were unable to demonstrate changes in spermatocyte translocation or in the levels of junction proteins at the sites. Our results are the first to demonstrate that perturbation of basal TBCs alters the turnover of actin-related junctions (ESs).
Evaluation of postoperative surveillance strategies for esophago-gastric cancers in the UK and Ireland
Authors: Chidambaram Swathikan , Sounderajah Viknesh , Maynard Nick , Underwood Tim , Markar Sheraz R 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Esophago-gastric malignancies are associated with a high recurrence rate; yet there is a lack of evidence to inform guidelines for the standardization and structure of postoperative surveillance after curatively intended treatment. This study aimed to capture the variation in postoperative surveillance strategies across the UK and Ireland, and enquire the opinions and beliefs around surveillance from practicing clinicians. A web-based survey consisting of 40 questions was sent to surgeons or allied health professionals performing or involved in surgical care for esophago-gastric cancers at high-volume centers in the UK. Respondents from each center completed the survey on what best represented their center. The first section of the survey evaluated the timing and components of follow-ups, and their variation between centers. The second section evaluated respondents perspective on how surveillance can be structured.
Thirty-five respondents from 27 centers consisting 28 consultants, 6 senior trainees and 1 specialist nurse had completed the questionnaire; 45.7% of responders arranged clinical follow-up at 2–4 weeks. Twenty responders had a specific postoperative surveillance protocol for their patients. Of these, 31.4% had a standardized protocol for all patients, while 25.7% tailored it to patient needs. Patient preference, comorbidities and chance of recurrence were considered as major factors for necessitating more intense surveillance than currently practiced. There is a significant variation in how patients are monitored after surgery between centers in the UK. Randomized controlled trials are necessary to link surveillance strategies to both survival outcomes and quality of life of patients and to evaluate the prognostic value of different postoperative surveillance strategies.
Circular RNA HECTD1 Mitigates Ulcerative Colitis by Promoting Enterocyte Autophagy Via miR-182-5p/HuR Axis
Authors: Xu Yan , Tian Yuxi , Li Fujun , Wang Ying , Yang Junwen , Gong Hui , Wan Xiaoping , Ouyang Miao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveUlcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic colitis with unknown etiology. Circular RNA (circRNA) has shown regulatory effect in many diseases, but the role of circRNA in UC is barely known. This study uncovers the function and regulatory mechanism of circRNA HECTD1 (circHECTD1) in UC.MethodsColonic mucosal tissues of 60 patients with active UC and 30 healthy controls were collected for H&E staining. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) were used to induce inflammation and UC in Caco-2 cells and C57BL/6 mice where modification of circHECTD1, miR-182–5p and/or human antigen R (HuR) took place. The Caco-2 cells and the colon tissues of DSS-treated mice were collected for analysis of the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, NLRP3 inflammasome, and autophagy-related proteins. The interactions among circHECTD1, miR-182–5p, and HuR were verified.ResultsThe colonic mucosal tissues of UC patients showed impaired autophagy and decreased expressions of circHECTD1 and HuR. Overexpression of circHECTD1 or HuR or inhibition of miR-182–5p suppressed inflammation and promoted autophagy of LPS-induced Caco-2 cells. The expression of HuR was promoted by circHECTD1 via miR-182–5p in Caco-2 cells. Overexpression of circHECTD1 reduced colonic injuries and inflammation by promoting autophagy in DSS-treated mice.ConclusionOverexpression of circHECTD1 alleviates UC by promoting HuR-dependent autophagy via miR-182–5p. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of circHECTD1 for UC and adds to the knowledge of circRNA in the pathogenesis of UC.
Contribution of High Viral Loads, Detection of Viral Antigen and Seroconversion to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infectivity
Authors: Buder Felix , Bauswein Markus , Magnus Clara L , Audebert Franz , Lang Henriette , Kundel Christof , Distler Karin , Reuschel Edith , Lubnow Matthias , Müller Thomas , Lunz Dirk , Graf Bernhard , Schmid Stephan , Müller Martina , Poeck Hendrik , Hanses Frank , Salzberger Bernd , Peterhoff David , Wenzel Jürgen J , Schmidt Barbara , Lampl Benedikt M J 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
From a public health perspective, effective containment strategies for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) should be balanced with individual liberties.

Methods
We collected 79 respiratory samples from 59 patients monitored in an outpatient center or in the intensive care unit of the University Hospital Regensburg. We analyzed viral load by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, viral antigen by point-of-care assay, time since onset of symptoms, and the presence of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in the context of virus isolation from respiratory specimens.

Results
The odds ratio for virus isolation increased 1.9-fold for each log10 level of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and 7.4-fold with detection of viral antigen, while it decreased 6.3-fold beyond 10 days of symptoms and 20.0-fold with the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The latter was confirmed for B.1.1.7 strains. The positive predictive value for virus isolation was 60.0% for viral loads &gt;107 RNA copies/mL and 50.0% for the presence of viral antigen. Symptom onset before 10 days and seroconversion predicted lack of infectivity with negative predictive values of 93.8% and 96.0%.

Conclusions
Our data support quarantining patients with high viral load and detection of viral antigen and lifting restrictive measures with increasing time to symptom onset and seroconversion. Delay of antibody formation may prolong infectivity.
Extended roles in primary care when physiotherapist-initiated referral to X-ray can save time and reduce costs
Authors: Peterson Gunnel , PortstrÖm Marie , Frick Jens 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate an extended role for the physiotherapist in primary care in referring patients to plain X-ray.

Methods
This prospective cohort study was set in a single region in Sweden. It included 20 physiotherapists who were educated in a 1-day training in performing referral to X-ray, along with 107 patients with musculoskeletal disorders who were referred to X-ray. We evaluated referral quality and patient and physiotherapist satisfaction and calculated healthcare and patient costs.

Results
All referrals fulfilled the basic requirements of quality, and 78% were classified as good, fulfilling all criteria. Both patients and physiotherapists were satisfied with the extended role for the physiotherapist that decreased the waiting time to diagnosis and to adequate treatment. Costs were reduced for patients (by €53/patient) and healthcare (by €6286.2/107 patients). The cost to visit a physician was twice that of a physiotherapist visit.

Conclusions
An extended role for physiotherapists in primary care in referring patients to X-ray was effective and safe for patients and reduced costs for patients and for healthcare. Physiotherapists in primary care were able to refer patients to X-ray after a 1 day of training, and the extended role freed up 45 min of physician time for each patient with a musculoskeletal disorder in need of an X-ray.
Mid- to long-term clinical outcomes of arthroscopic surgery for external snapping hip syndrome
Authors: Chu Chun-Ting , Hsu Huan , Tang Hao-Che , Chen Alvin Chao-Yu , Chan Yi-Sheng 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
This study evaluated the outcomes of arthroscopic surgery for the treatment of external snapping hip at 2- to 10-year follow-ups. Eighteen patients with refractory external snapping hip treated by arthroscopic surgery were enrolled in this prospective study. All patients underwent unsuccessful conservative treatment for more than 3 months before surgery. We made diamond-shaped defects on the iliotibial band and resected peripheral fibrosis tissues for iliotibial band release with an arthroscopic approach. The visual analog scale (VAS), modified Harris hip score and return to previous level of activity were evaluated as functional outcomes. In addition, residual discomfort or the presentation of complications was also investigated. The average follow up period was 7 years. The modified Harris hip score increased from 70.08 preoperatively to 93.14 postoperatively, and the VAS score decreased from 3.67 preoperatively to 1.17 2 weeks after the operation and declined to 0.33 at the last follow-up. Neither recurrence of snaps nor complications were recorded. Two patients complained of a tight sensation with tenderness after exertion. Our clinical outcomes were compatible with those of previous studies, and no long-term complications were noted, even with a relatively longer follow-up period than what was reported in previous studies. Arthroscopic surgery is a safe and effective treatment that can provide promising long-term clinical outcomes for patients with refractory external snapping hip.