bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary embolism in chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease hospitalizations: Trends, outcomes, and predictors of mortality in the United States
Authors: Singh Jagmeet , Khadka Sushmita , Solanki Dhanshree , Kichloo Asim , Shah Harshil , Vyas Manasee J , Chugh Savneek , Patel Neil , Solanki Shantanu 
Published: June 2021

Background: It is well-known that patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease are at increased risk of pulmonary embolism than patients with normal kidney function. However, the data on trends, outcomes, and predictors of mortality in pulmonary embolism patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease in the United States are limited. Methods: We queried the National Inpatient Sample database from 2010 to 2014. International Classification of Diseases-Ninth Revision-Clinical Modification codes were used to identify patients with normal kidney function, chronic kidney disease, and end-stage renal disease. The frequency of pulmonary embolism, complications, in-hospital mortality, and length of stay were calculated for each cohort. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to determine the predictors of mortality. Results: In the study population (2010–2014), there were 766,176 pulmonary embolism hospitalizations with normal kidney function, 79,824 with chronic kidney disease, and 9147 with end-stage renal disease. Among the study cohorts, the mortality rate was 2.7% in normal kidney function, 4.5% in chronic kidney disease, and 6.8% in end-stage renal disease hospitalizations. Median length of stay was highest in the end-stage renal disease cohort and lowest in the normal kidney function cohort. After adjusting for confounders, pulmonary embolism patients with chronic kidney disease died 1.15 times more often than those with normal kidney function and pulmonary embolism patients with end-stage renal disease died 4.2 times more often than those with normal kidney function. Conclusion: The mortality rate and length of stay in pulmonary embolism patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease were significantly higher than those in pulmonary embolism patients with normal kidney function. Also, pulmonary embolism patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease were at higher risk of in-hospital mortality than those with normal kidney function. There was statistically significant higher risk of mortality in elderly and Black patients with pulmonary embolism and concurrent chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease.
Perspectives of older adults with chronic disease on the use of wearable technology and video games for physical activity
Authors: Simmich Joshua , Mandrusiak Allison , Russell Trevor , Smith Stuart , Hartley Nicole 
Published: June 2021

Background There is increasing interest in technology to deliver physical rehabilitation and allow clinicians to monitor progress. Examples include wearable activity trackers and active video games (AVGs), where physical activity is required to play the game. However, few studies have explored what may influence the effectiveness of these as technology-based physical activity interventions in older adults with chronic diseases. Objective This study aimed to explore: 1) perceptions about wearable physical activity trackers; 2) perceptions about using technology to share physical activity information with clinicians; 3) barriers and motivators to playing games, including AVGs for rehabilitation. Methods Qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with older adults ( n = 19) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Results Wearable activity trackers were perceived as useful to quantify activity, facilitate goal-setting, visualize long-term improvements and provide reminders. Participants generally wished to share data with their clinicians to gain greater accountability, receive useful feedback and improve the quality of clinical care. Participants were motivated to play games (including AVGs) by seeking fun, social interaction and health benefits. Some felt that AVGs were of no benefit or were too difficult. Competition was both a motivator and a barrier. Conclusions The findings of the present study seek to inform the design of technology to encourage physical activity in older adults with chronic diseases.
Efficacy of Intraoperative Platelet-Rich Plasma Augmentation and Postoperative Platelet-Rich Plasma Booster Injection for Rotator Cuff Healing: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Liu Bei , Jeong Hyeon Jang , Yeo Ji Hyun , Oh Joo Han 
Published: June 2021

Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been applied as an adjuvant treatment for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) to enhance rotator cuff healing. However, it remains debatable whether PRP enhances tendon-to-bone healing. Purpose: To assess the efficacy of intraoperative augmentation and postoperative injection of PRP that was prepared using the double-spin method and calcium activation without thrombin in patients with ARCR. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1; and cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 58 patients underwent ARCR using intraoperative PRP augmentation. Half of the patients were randomly assigned to receive an additional ultrasound-guided PRP injection at the repair site at 2 weeks postoperatively (PRP-booster group); the other half did not receive the booster injection (PRP-only group). A control group that did not receive any PRP treatment was retrospectively matched using propensity score matching. Structural integrity was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging at 1 year postoperatively, and healing rates were compared between patients with tear sizes ≤2 cm versus >2 cm. Functional outcomes were assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain; VAS for satisfaction; shoulder range of motion; and Constant, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, and Simple Shoulder Test scores at minimum 2-year follow-up. Results: In patients with tears >2 cm, the rate of healing failure at 1-year follow-up was significantly less in the overall PRP group than in the control group (12.9% vs 35.7%, respectively; P = .040), however, the PRP-booster group did not present a better healing rate than did the PRP-only group. The overall PRP group had lower VAS for pain scores compared with the control group (0.5 ± 1.1 vs 1.3 ± 1.8, respectively; P = .016) and higher VAS for satisfaction scores (9.2 ± 1.2 vs 8.6 ± 1.7; P = .023) at the final follow-up, whereas no statistical difference was found between the PRP-only and PRP-booster groups in functional outcomes. Conclusion: Intraoperative PRP augmentation during ARCR demonstrated superior anatomic healing results in patients with rotator cuff tears >2 cm as well as reduced pain and increased subjective satisfaction. PRP booster injection provided no additional benefit to tendon integrity or functional recovery.
The Technical Assistant Model: Efficiency in Maternal Fetal Medicine
Authors: Tepe Victoria , Knott Alexandrea 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To analyze how technical assistants benefit diagnostic medical sonography settings by improving efficiency and patient care. Materials & Methods: Credentialed obstetric sonographers who currently work in maternal fetal medicine were surveyed. Closed-ended and open-ended questions were used to examine effectiveness, usefulness, and overall satisfaction with the technical assistant position. In addition, quantitative methods were used to compare the time efficiency of technical assistants with medical assistants in obstetric settings. Results: The majority of sonographers and providers view technical assistants in a positive manner and indicated that the existence of the technical assistant role improved clinic flow. When compared with studies regarding medical assistant efficiency, this study showed shorter wait times for patients. Conclusion: The data supports that the presence of a technical assistant in clinic increases the overall efficiency of the clinic, which could allow providers to see more patients and reduce wait times for critical appointments. This could also lead to a more cost-effective system, especially when compared to alternative options such as hiring more providers or sonographers. These findings should encourage obstetric and gynecological sonography clinics to implement trained technical assistants to address clinic inefficiency, sonographer burnout, and sonographer and practitioner satisfaction.
Dynamic Distribution Adaptation Based Transfer Network for Cross Domain Bearing Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Liao Yixiao , Huang Ruyi , Li Jipu , Chen Zhuyun , Li Weihua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn machinery fault diagnosis, labeled data are always difficult or even impossible to obtain. Transfer learning can leverage related fault diagnosis knowledge from fully labeled source domain to enhance the fault diagnosis performance in sparsely labeled or unlabeled target domain, which has been widely used for cross domain fault diagnosis. However, existing methods focus on either marginal distribution adaptation (MDA) or conditional distribution adaptation (CDA). In practice, marginal and conditional distributions discrepancies both have significant but different influences on the domain divergence. In this paper, a dynamic distribution adaptation based transfer network (DDATN) is proposed for cross domain bearing fault diagnosis. DDATN utilizes the proposed instance-weighted dynamic maximum mean discrepancy (IDMMD) for dynamic distribution adaptation (DDA), which can dynamically estimate the influences of marginal and conditional distribution and adapt target domain with source domain. The experimental evaluation on cross domain bearing fault diagnosis demonstrates that DDATN can outperformance the state-of-the-art cross domain fault diagnosis methods.
Transcriptome and proteome analysis of walnut (Juglans regia L.) fruit in response to infection by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Authors: Fang Hongcheng , Liu Xia , Dong Yuhui , Feng Shan , Zhou Rui , Wang Changxi , Ma Xinmei , Liu Jianning , Yang Ke Qiang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Walnut anthracnose induced by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a disastrous disease affecting walnut production. The resistance of walnut fruit to C. gloeosporioides is a highly complicated and genetically programmed process. However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated.

Results
To understand the molecular mechanism underlying the defense of walnut to C. gloeosporioides, we used RNA sequencing and label-free quantitation technologies to generate transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of tissues at various lifestyle transitions of C. gloeosporioides, including 0 hpi, pathological tissues at 24 hpi, 48 hpi, and 72 hpi, and distal uninoculated tissues at 120 hpi, in anthracnose-resistant F26 fruit bracts and anthracnose-susceptible F423 fruit bracts, which were defined through scanning electron microscopy. A total of 21,798 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 1929 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in F26 vs. F423 at five time points, and the numbers of DEGs and DEPs were significantly higher in the early infection stage. Using pairwise comparisons and weighted gene co-expression network analysis of the transcriptome, we identified two modules significantly related to disease resistance and nine hub genes in the transcription expression gene networks. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis of the DEGs and DEPs revealed that many genes were mainly related to immune response, plant hormone signal transduction, and secondary metabolites, and many DEPs were involved in carbon metabolism and photosynthesis. Correlation analysis between the transcriptome data and proteome data also showed that the consistency of the differential expression of the mRNA and corresponding proteins was relatively higher in the early stage of infection.

Conclusions
Collectively, these results help elucidate the molecular response of walnut fruit to C. gloeosporioides and provide a basis for the genetic improvement of walnut disease resistance.
Effect of surgical pleth index-guided analgesia versus conventional analgesia techniques on fentanyl consumption under multimodal analgesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective, randomized and controlled study
Authors: Guo Jian , Zhu Weigang , Shi Qinye , Bao Fangping , Xu Jianhong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The Surgical Pleth Index (SPI) is an objective tool that can reflect nociception-antinociception balance and guide the use of intraoperative analgesics. Multimodal analgesia has been neglected in many previous studies. The aim of this study was to compare fentanyl consumption using SPI-guided analgesia versus conventional analgesia techniques under multimodal analgesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Methods
A total of 80 patients aged 18–65 years with American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grade I-II and a body mass index (BMI) of 18.5 to 30 kg/m2 who were scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy under total intravenous anaesthesia from March 2020 to September 2020 were selected. Multimodal analgesia, including local infiltration of the surgical incision, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids, was adopted perioperatively. Fentanyl boluses of 1.0 µg/kg were administered to maintain the SPI value between 20 and 50 in the SPI group. By contrast, fentanyl boluses of 1.0 µg/kg were administered whenever the heart rate (HR) or mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased to 20 % above baseline or when the HR was greater than 90 beats per minute (bpm) in the control group. Preoperative and postoperative blood glucose, plasma cortisol and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were evaluated. Intraoperative haemodynamic events and propofol and fentanyl doses were noted. The extubation time, postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score, use of remedial analgesics and opioid-related adverse reactions were recorded.

Results
In total, 18 of 80 patients withdrew for various reasons, and data from 62 patients were finally analysed. Intraoperative fentanyl consumption was significantly lower in the SPI group than in the control group (177.1 ± 65.9 vs. 213.5 ± 47.5, P = 0.016). The postoperative extubation time was shorter in the SPI group than in the control group (16.1 ± 5.2 vs. 22.1 ± 6.3, P < 0.001). Preoperative and postoperative blood glucose, plasma cortisol and IL-6 levels, intraoperative haemodynamic changes, postoperative VAS scores, remedial analgesic consumption and opioid-related adverse reactions were comparable in the two groups.

Conclusions
Lower doses of fentanyl are required intraoperatively with shorter extubation times when SPI is used to guide intraoperative analgesia compared to conventional analgesia techniques under multimodal analgesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Trial registration
Chictr.org.cn ChiCTR2000030145. Retrospectively Registered (Date of registration: February 24, 2020).
Clinical performance and exercise hemodynamics in patients with severe secondary tricuspid regurgitation and chronic atrial fibrillation
Authors: Jensen Jesper K. , Clemmensen Tor S. , Frederiksen Christian A. , Schofer Joachim , Andersen Mads J. , Poulsen Steen H. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective
The study aimed to investigate the functional capacity and hemodynamics at rest and during exercise in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation and severe functional symptomatic tricuspid regurgitation (AF-FTR).

Background
Symptoms and clinical performance of severe AF-FTR mimic the population of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Severe AF-FTR is known to be associated with an adverse prognosis whereas less is reported about the clinical performance including exercise capacity and hemodynamics in patients symptomatic AF-FTR.

Methods
Right heart catheterization (RHC) at rest and during exercise was conducted in a group of patients with stable chronic AF-TR and compared with a group of patients with HFpEF diagnosed with cardiac amyloid cardiomyopathy (CA). All patients had preserved ejection fraction and no significant left-sided disease.

Results
Patients with AF-FTR demonstrated a low exercise capacity that was comparable to CA patients (TR 4.9 ± 1.2 METS vs. CA 4. 7 ± 1.5 METS; P = 0.78) with an average peak maximal oxygen consumption of 15 mL/min/kg. Right atrium pressure increased significantly more in the AF-FTR patients as compared to CA patients at peak exercise (25 ± 8 vs 19 ± 9, p < 0.01) whereas PCWP increased significantly to a similar extent in both groups (31 ± 4 vs 31 ± 8 mmHg, p = 0.88). Cardiac output (CO) was significantly lower among AF-FTR at rest as compared to CA patients (3.6 ± 0.9 vs 4.4 ± 1.3 l/min; p < 0.05) whereas both groups demonstrated a poor but comparable CO reserve at peak exercise (7.3 ± 2.9 vs 7.9 ± 3.8 l/min, p = 0.59).

Conclusions
AF-FTR contributes to the development of advanced heart failure symptoms and poor exercise capacity reflected in increased atrial filling pressures, reduced cardiac output at rest and during exercise sharing common features seen in HFpEF patients with other etiologies.
Effect of herbal extracts on peripheral nerve regeneration after microsurgery of the sciatic nerve in rats
Authors: Kim Young Jun , Kim Kyu Jin , Lee Jae Hoon , Park Seong-Uk , Cho Seung-Yeon 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecent experimental studies using herbal extracts have shown the possibility of peripheral nerve regeneration. This study aimed to investigate the effects of herbal extracts on peripheral nerve regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve injury model.MethodsA total of 53 rats were randomly assigned to a control group or one of four experimental groups. In all rats, the sciatic nerve was completely severed and microscopic epineural end-to-end neurorrhaphy was performed. Normal saline (2 mL) was topically applied to the site of nerve repair in the control group, whereas four different herbal extracts – 2 mL each ofAstragalus mongholicusBunge,Coptis japonica(Thunb.) Makino,Aconitum carmichaeliiDebeaux,or Paeonia lactifloraPall. – were topically applied to the site of nerve repair in each experimental group. Nerve conduction studies were performed at an average of 11.9 weeks after the operation, and conduction velocity and proximal and distal amplitudes were measured. Biopsies were performed at an average of 13.2 weeks after the initial neurorrhaphy. The quality of nerve anastomosis and perineural adhesion to the surrounding soft tissues was macroscopically evaluated. The neuroma size at the site of the neurorrhaphy was microscopically measured, whereas the size of the scar tissue was evaluated relative to the diameter of the repaired nerve.ResultsThe nerve conduction study results showed the highest nerve conduction velocity in the experimental group that used theCoptis japonica(Thunb.) Makino extract and the highest proximal and distal amplitudes in the experimental group that used theAconitum carmichaeliiDebeaux extract. Macroscopic evaluations after the second operation showed that grade 2 perineural adhesion was found in 70.8% of rats. The mean neuroma size in theCoptis japonica(Thunb.) Makino,Aconitum carmichaeliiDebeaux, andPaeonia lactifloraPall. groups showed statistically significant decreases relative to the control group. The mean scar tissue formation index in thePaeonia lactifloraPall. group showed a statistically significant decrease relative to the control group.ConclusionsThe peripheral nerve regeneration effect of the herbal extracts was confirmed through decreased neuroma and scar tissue formation.
The effect of lysophosphatidic acid-supplemented culture medium on human immature oocytes matured in vitro
Authors: Xie Qigui , Xing Yaxin , Zhou Jianhong , Wang Ling , Wu Jie , Chian Ri-Cheng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Lysophosphatidic acid-supplemented culture medium significantly increases the oocyte maturation rate in vitro. However, potential targets and pathways involved remain unknown.

Methods
A total of 43 women, who underwent cesarean section and aged between 18 and 35 years with good health, were included in this study. Immature oocytes were obtained and cultured with 10 µM lysophosphatidic acid. After culture, oocyte maturation was assessed and oocytes and cumulus cells were collected for RNA sequencing. Hierarchical indexing for spliced alignment of transcripts 2 method was used to align clean reads to the human genome. The featureCounts and edgeR package were used to calculate gene expression and analyze differences between groups respectively. ClusterProfiler program was used to perform Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis.

Results
Oocyte maturation rate increased significantly following 48 h culture with lysophosphatidic acid. In cumulus cells, Gene Ontology analysis revealed the top 20 items enriched by upregulated genes and downregulated genes respectively; Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that upregulated genes in the treatment group were enriched in TNF signaling and insulin secretion pathways and downregulated genes were enriched in TNF signaling and cell adhesion molecules. In oocytes, Gene Ontology analysis revealed the top 20 items enriched by upregulated genes and downregulated genes respectively; Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that upregulated genes in the treatment group were enriched in MAPK signaling, gap junction, and cell cycle pathways and downregulated genes were enriched in MAPK signaling, estrogen signaling, RAP1 signaling, and gap junction pathways.

Conclusions
Lysophosphatidic acid in culture medium enhances human oocyte maturation in vitro and the identified some potential pathways may associate with oocyte maturation.
Targeting multiple genes containing long mononucleotide A-T repeats in lung cancer stem cells
Authors: Bhummaphan Narumol , Pin-on Piyapat , Phiboonchaiyanan Preeyaporn Plaimee , Siriluksana Jirattha , Aporntewan Chatchawit , Chanvorachote Pithi , Mutirangura Apiwat 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Intratumour heterogeneous gene expression among cancer and cancer stem cells (CSCs) can cause failure of current targeted therapies because each drug aims to target the function of a single gene. Long mononucleotide A-T repeats are cis-regulatory transcriptional elements that control many genes, increasing the expression of numerous genes in various cancers, including lung cancer. Therefore, targeting A-T repeats may dysregulate many genes driving cancer development. Here, we tested a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligo containing a long A-repeat sequence [A(15)] to disrupt the transcriptional control of the A-T repeat in lung cancer and CSCs.

Methods
First, we separated CSCs from parental lung cancer cell lines. Then, we evaluated the role of A-T repeat gene regulation by counting the number of repeats in differentially regulated genes between CSCs and the parental cells of the CSCs. After testing the dosage and effect of PNA-A15 on normal and cancer cell toxicity and CSC phenotypes, we analysed genome-wide expression to identify dysregulated genes in CSCs.

Results
The number of A-T repeats in genes differentially regulated between CSCs and parental cells differed. PNA-A15 was toxic to lung cancer cells and CSCs but not to noncancer cells. Finally, PNA-A15 dysregulated a number of genes in lung CSCs.

Conclusion
PNA-A15 is a promising novel targeted therapy agent that targets the transcriptional control activity of multiple genes in lung CSCs.