bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Farm Parenting Styles and Child Agricultural Injury
Authors: Rudolphi Josie M. , Barnes Katherine L. , Kieke Burney , Koshalek Kyle , Bendixsen Casper 
Published: January 2021

HighlightsOver a third of respondents (34.3%) reported a child agricultural injury.About 41% of parents were classified as authoritative (high level of involvement and control), 35.7% as uninvolved, 13.3% as permissive, and 10% as authoritarian.In our sample of farm parents, authoritative parenting is protective against risk-taking behaviors in childhood as well as reducing potential injury among children.Abstract. Four distinct parenting styles have been described: authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and uninvolved. Parenting styles have been associated with a myriad of child safety and health outcomes. However, the association between parenting style and child agricultural injury has not been explored. This study was conducted among farm parents in Wisconsin and Pennsylvania using a self-administered paper questionnaire. Parents responded to items inquiring about parenting styles, previous child agricultural injuries, personal demographics, and farm characteristics. A total of 238 farm parents responded to the survey. Over a third of respondents (34.3%) reported a child agricultural injury. About 41% of parents were classified as authoritative (demonstrating a high level of involvement and control), 35.7% as uninvolved, 13.3% as permissive, and 10% as authoritarian. In the univariable analyses of parenting style, notable elevations in child injury rates occurred for the authoritarian (RR = 1.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08 to 3.58, p = 0.0274) and uninvolved (RR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.00 to 2.50, p = 0.0506) categories as compared to the referent category of authoritative. In the multivariable analyses that were adjusted for confounding variables, the magnitude of the corresponding RR estimates were less dramatic, although a 69% elevation was still present for the authoritarian parenting style (RR = 1.69, 95% CI 0.91 to 3.15, p = 0.0975). The results of this study contribute to the growing body of literature suggesting that authoritative parenting is protective against risk-taking behaviors in childhood as well as reducing potential injury among children. Clinicians and safety experts should consider parenting styles when developing child agricultural injury prevention resources or interventions. Keywords: Children, Health, Injury prevention, Parenting styles, Safety.
Dual-lens system in enlarging the viewing angle for the Michelson interferometer
Authors: Ye Yimin , Li Xiaodong , Feng Jiemin , Zhang Dongsheng 
Published: January 2021

Shearography has been widely accepted as a non-destructive evaluation
tool in engineering. However, the field of view is usually limited due
to the use of the Michelson optical arrangement if the working
distance is strictly constrained. In order to improve efficiency, we
propose a dual-lens system to expand the view angle of the Michelson
optical arrangement. Two imaging lenses, which are entitled as the
objective lens and camera lens, are placed in front of and behind the
Michelson interferometer, respectively. The optical arrangement has
been set up and compared with the well-known 4f optical system. It is
found that the proposed optical arrangement is simple to construct,
and the brightness distribution is uniform over the whole image. The
new setup has been applied to the inspection of a cylindrical steel
shell with a rubber plate bonding on its inside surface. The debonding
defects have been evaluated using the proposed shearography system at
a working distance of 200 mm. By selecting an objective lens with a
focal length of 2.8 mm, the viewing angle was enlarged in inspecting a
field with 500 mm by 500 mm at one shot.
Prevalence of CYP2C19 polymorphism in Bogotá, Colombia: The first report of allele *17
Authors: Arévalo-Galvis Azucena , Otero-Regino William A. , Ovalle-Celis Gloria N. , Rodríguez-Gómez Eliana R. , Trespalacios-Rangel Alba A. 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a group of drugs that are essential for the treatment of acid-related disorders, such as gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), dyspepsia, gastric ulcers andHelicobacter pylori(H.pylori) infection. PPIs such as omeprazole, esomeprazole, pantoprazole and lansoprazole are metabolized by the CYP2C19 enzyme, which is encoded by a polymorphic gene. Four polymorphisms have an impact on the speed of PPI metabolism: CYP2C19*1/*1 (extensive metabolizers), CYP2C19*2/*2 (intermediate metabolizers), CYP2C19*3/*3 (poor metabolizers) and CYP2C19*17/*17 (ultrarapid metabolizers). Extensive and ultrarapid metabolizers inactivate PPIs quickly, which consequently causes low plasma concentrations of PPIs, while intermediate or poor metabolizers have higher plasma concentrations of PPIs and, therefore, PPIs have greater therapeutic efficacy in individuals with these polymorphisms.ObjectiveTo determine the frequency of genetic polymorphisms of the CPY2C19 enzyme in Bogotá, Colombia.MethodsThis observational study was conducted in Bogotá between 2012 and 2015 and was part of a clinical trial (ID: NCT03650543). It included 239 subjects with dyspepsia,H.pyloriinfection, or GERD symptoms. CYP2C19 genotyping was performed on gastric biopsy samples. Polymorphisms *1, *2, and *3 were analyzed by real-time PCR (Roche®), and PCR-RFLP was used to determine the presence of polymorphism *17.ResultsThe distribution of different types of PPI metabolizers was as follows: extensive (70.7%), ultrarapid (12.9%), intermediate (8.8%) and poor (0.8%).ConclusionThe population studied consisted mainly of extensive and ultrarapid PPI metabolizers. These findings show that it is necessary to increase PPI doses in this group of subjects or to use PPIs that are not metabolized by CYP2C19 (rabeprazole). This is the first Colombian work to identify ultrarapid metabolizers.
A qualitative, grounded theory exploration of the determinants of self-care behavior among Indian patients with a lived experience of chronic heart failure
Authors: Kamath Deepak Y. , Bhuvana K. B. , Salazar Luke Joshua , Varghese Kiron , Kamath Anant , Idiculla Jyoti , Pais Prem , Kulkarni Shruthi , Granger Bradi B. , Xavier Denis 
Published: January 2021

Background
Prior reports have documented extremely poor adherence to evidence-based medications among South Asian patients with established chronic cardiovascular diseases. Treatment adherence is now considered a part of the ‘self-care’ process, the determinants of which have not been adequately explored or explained among South Asian patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Our objective was to qualitatively ascertain the determinants of the self-care process among Indian patients with a lived experience of heart failure.

Methods
We conducted in-depth interviews (audio-recorded) among 22 purposively sampled patients living with chronic heart failure, diagnosed at least 4 weeks prior to the interview and 17 caregivers (n = 39) in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Southern India. We employed an inductive analytical approach using Charmaz’s constructivist grounded theory. Initial line-by-line coding and categorization was followed by memo writing, reflexive analysis after interviewing and analyzing four, eight and twelve patients, and at each stage further theoretical sampling was carried out until we reached thematic saturation. We used NVivo ver. 12 to analyze and organize data.

Results
The mean age of our patients was 61 years and they represented 5 Indian states and spoke seven languages, distributed across socio-economic strata and literacy levels. We classified self-care determinants into 3 broad, simple categories and defined underlying themes namely, negative determinants (passivity, entrenched beliefs, negative affect, lack of knowledge, financial difficulties, and fatalism), intermediate factors (patient expectations, provider/hospital hopping) and facilitators or positive self-care determinants (intrinsic and extrinsic facilitators). Gender and the cultural background of patients’ upbringing appear to shape these determinants, thereby affecting self-care decision making in chronic heart failure.

Conclusion
We have empirically described a unique set of self-care determinants among Indian chronic heart failure patients, which in turn are shaped by economic and socio-cultural factors. Assessing for and addressing these determinants during clinical interactions through multi-factorial approaches may help improve self-care among Indian CHF patients, thus improving treatment adherence and clinical outcomes.
Validation of the Preoperative Score to Predict Postoperative Mortality (POSPOM) in Germany
Authors: Layer Yannik C. , Menzenbach Jan , Layer Yonah L. , Mayr Andreas , Hilbert Tobias , Velten Markus , Hoeft Andreas , Wittmann Maria 
Published: January 2021

Background
The Preoperative Score to Predict Postoperative Mortality (POSPOM) based on preoperatively available data was presented by Le Manach et al. in 2016. This prognostic model considers the kind of surgical procedure, patients' age and 15 defined comorbidities to predict the risk of postoperative in-hospital mortality. Objective of the present study was to validate POSPOM for the German healthcare coding system (G-POSPOM).

Methods and findings
All cases involving anaesthesia performed at the University Hospital Bonn between 2006 and 2017 were analysed retrospectively. Procedures codified according to the French Groupes Homogènes de Malades (GHM) were translated and adapted to the German Operationen- und Prozedurenschlüssel (OPS). Comorbidities were identified by the documented International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) coding. POSPOM was calculated for the analysed patient collective using these data according to the method described by Le Manach et al. Performance of thereby adapted POSPOM was tested using c-statistic, Brier score and a calibration plot. Validation was performed using data from 199,780 surgical cases. With a mean age of 56.33 years (SD 18.59) and a proportion of 49.24% females, the overall cohort had a mean POSPOM value of 18.18 (SD 8.11). There were 4,066 in-hospital deaths, corresponding to an in-hospital mortality rate of 2.04% (95% CI 1.97 to 2.09%) in our sample. POSPOM showed a good performance with a c-statistic of 0.771 and a Brier score of 0.021.

Conclusions
After adapting POSPOM to the German coding system, we were able to validate the score using patient data of a German university hospital. According to previous demonstration for French patient cohorts, we observed a good correlation of POSPOM with in-hospital mortality. Therefore, further adjustments of POSPOM considering also multicentre and transnational validation should be pursued based on this proof of concept.
Factors associated with virological non-suppression among HIV-positive children receiving antiretroviral therapy at the Joint Clinical Research Centre in Lubowa, Kampala Uganda
Authors: Nabukeera Sarah , Kagaayi Joseph , Makumbi Fredrick Edward , Mugerwa Henry , Matovu Joseph K. B. 
Published: January 2021

Background
While the proportion of HIV-positive children (under 15 years) enrolled on antiretroviral therapy (ART) has increased in recent years, up to 60% of children started on ART do not achieve virological suppression. We set out to determine the factors associated with virological non-suppression among children living with HIV receiving ART at a peri-urban HIV care clinic in Kampala, Uganda.

Method
This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at the pediatric HIV/AIDS clinic at the Joint Clinical Research Centre (JCRC) in Kampala, Uganda. Three hundred (300) HIV-positive children (0–14 years) were randomly selected from existing medical records and data on children’s socio-demographic and clinical characteristics (age at ART initiation, WHO clinical staging, and ART-induced side effects) were abstracted using a data abstraction form. Virological non-suppression was defined as a viral load ≥1000 copies/Ml of blood after six months of ART initiation. Incident rate ratios (IRRs) were determined as a measure of association between virological non-suppression and child/patient characteristics. The IRRs were obtained via a modified Poisson regression with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). All analyses were done using statistical package, Stata version 15.

Results
The overall non-suppression rate among HIV-positive children on ART was 23%. Being at WHO clinical stage 4 at ART initiation [adj. IRR 2.74; 95%CI: 1.63, 4.61] and ART-induced side effects [adj. IRR 1.77; 95%CI: 1.06, 2.97] were significantly associated with non-suppression. Older age at ART initiation (age 5–9 years: [adj. IRR 0.42; 95%CI: 0.28, 0.65]; age 10–14 years: [adj. IRR 0.34; 95%CI: 0.18, 0.64] was less likely to be associated with virological non-suppression.

Conclusion
Nearly a quarter of HIV-positive children on ART had a non-suppressed viral load after six months of treatment. Being at WHO clinical stage 4 at ART initiation and ART-induced side effects were significantly associated with virological non-suppression while older age at ART initiation was protective. Our findings suggest a need for age-specific interventions, particularly those targeting children below five years of age, to improve virological suppression among HIV-positive children receiving ART in this setting.
Delayed Removal of Entrapped Snare in Colonoscopic Polypectomy
Authors: Phatharacharukul Parkpoom , Wajid Maryiam , Fatima Hala 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Snare entrapment is a rare complication of hot snare polypectomy of large colon polyps. We report a case of snare entrapment in our unit and its management. This report highlights the method of delayed removal of snare followed by repeat colonoscopy.
La necesidad de mantener a la universidad alejada del ánimo de lucro.
Authors: Rivera Aya Eliasib Naher 
Published: January 2021

En el marco de una propuesta de reforma a la educación superior, surgen tensiones respecto de temas como la autonomía, la financiación, la calidad, la educación superior y los sentidos de la universidad. La educación superior como mercancía representa una orilla ideológica distinta a la consideración de esta como bien público al servicio de la sociedad. Este documento describe algunas tensiones respecto de los sentidos de la universidad, a partir del reconocimiento de las visiones antagónicas y los paradigmas que están detrás de dichas visiones, para defender la necesidad de mantener a la universidad alejada de la búsqueda de la maximización de la rentabilidad financiera.
Un aporte al debate sobre la convergencia en Argentina : la importancia de los cambios estructurales.
Authors: Figueras Alberto José , Cristina Daniela , Blanco Valeria , Iturralde Iván , Capello Marcelo Luis 
Published: January 2021

El análisis del crecimiento económico de las provincias argentinas, signado por su comportamiento idiosincrático, es un valioso aporte a los estudios de convergencia regional. En el presente trabajo, se propone un análisis de Convergencia Beta y Sigma de las provincias argentinas para el periodo 1970-2007, con variables que aproximan el capital humano, las economías de escala, la inversión y la política fiscal. Adicionalmente, se intenta aislar el efecto de shocks sobre el crecimiento económico de provincias con diferentes estructuras productivas, y sus consecuencias sobre la convergencia/divergencia regional en Argentina.
Análisis económico-político de la balanza de pagos de Colombia (1994-2013).
Authors: Nova Laverde Mariluz 
Published: January 2021

Mediante el marco interpretativo de economía-política que comprende los nuevos patrones de acumulación capitalista, el presente documento muestra las recientes dinámicas registradas en la balanza de pagos de Colombia en correspondencia con la consolidación de un modelo económico de enclave, afianzado en procesos de producción extractiva, financiarización, transnacionalización y desnacionalización de la economía. En este orden, se llama la atención sobre la necesidad de orientar la política macroeconómica en función de un desarrollo nacional sostenible.
Burzyński’s Criterion in the Analysis of Heat Resistant Steel
Authors: Waldemar Dudda 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A revalorised Burzyński’s hypothesis was suggested for determination of effort of construction elements in thermally variable load conditions. Using the suggested hypothesis, surfaces of the beginning of plasticity for the heat resistant St12T steel were determined. Two numerical simulations of thermo-mechanical loads of the turbine vane made of St12T steel were performed. The result of analyses was determination of the effort states of a vane acc. to Huber-Mises- Hencky’s hypotheis and according to the suggested revalorised Burzyński’s hypothesis.
Quality Assessment of Delivery in the Supply Chain Optimization
Authors: Gaura Marcin , Kuboń Maciej , Kowalczyk Zbigniew , Kwaśniewski Dariusz , Daniel Zbigniew , Kapela Krzysztof 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paper discusses supplier evaluation as a tool for controlling the level of service in a production enterprise based on data from the selected production company. The suppliers were assessed and analyzed based on their respective assortment groups and strengths and weaknesses of their activity were indicated. It was found that the supply chain in the analyzed company is largely determined by the type of ordered goods, the place of its production and the method of its distribution to the customer.
Regional Structure of Tractor Market in Poland
Authors: Lorencowicz Edmund , Uziak Jacek 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere are ca 1,492 thousand tractors currently used in Poland, with the average power of 45.3 kW. There are 9.8 ha of agricultural land per one tractor, their average age is ca 25 years and the degree of wear 77%. There are between 20 to 30 thousand tractors newly registered per year, however, these are both new and used tractors imported from abroad. These new registrations, which also reflect new purchases, are diverse depending on the region. Based on the 2018 records of the Central Register of Vehicles and Drivers (CEPiK), the paper establishes essential parameters of the registered tractors, such as price, power, age, depending on the region. There were 25,422 records under analysis, as some of the original records were dismissed as errors after verification. It was established that in the western part of Poland, with farms twice or three times bigger than in the rest of the country, the purchased tractors were characterized by higher power and lower age and, consequently, higher prices (81-95 kW, 14-18 years, PLN168-186 thousands). In contrast, the tractors in south-east Poland, where the dominant farms are of agricultural land below 10 ha, had worse parameters (76-86 kW, 14-18 years, PLN76-86 thousands).
Uncertainty of Measurement of Bulk and Shaken Density of Pulgran and Salmag
Authors: Nowak Janusz , Przystupa Wojciech , Krawczuk Anna 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The article presents results of research on the bulk and shaken density of two commercial fertilizers: Pulgran urea and universal nitrogen fertilizer Salmag. A statistical analysis of the obtained results of average density at the assumed level of significance proved a significant difference between shaken and bulk density investigated with the use of Engelsmann apparatus and shaken density tested with a laboratory shaker for both investigated fertilizers. The obtained test results and uncertainty of the measured values served for calculation of uncertainty of the standard complex bulk and shaken density determined in case of many uncertainties. Further, an analysis of the impact of error sources on the value of complex uncertainty was conducted. The final results of the measurement were presented according to the convention of the Central Office of Measures.
Fragmento / Política / Representación: Contactos (1970) de Paulino Viota
Authors: López Rubén García 
Published: January 2021

Pieza clave del cine independiente español, Contactos es uno de los filmes españoles más rigurosos en su articulación de las relaciones entre forma cinematográfica e ideología, entendidas desde un punto de vista acorde con el materialismo propugnado por los Cahiers du Cinéma de la época. Se considera aquí esta relación, así como la también existente con el pensamiento del escultor Jorge Oteiza, recurriendo para ello tanto a las reflexiones de Raúl Ruiz sobre la dialéctica fascinación/distanciamiento, así como al análisis de la otra dialéctica existente en el film entre fragmento y sinécdoque, central para la comprensión de un dispositivo que se comprende al mismo tiempo como ruptura de la representación y como representación ideológicamente determinada, inmersión tan sensorial como intelectual que logra evidenciar en sus mecanismos las prohibiciones políticas de tipo estético que determinaban profundamente la producción cinematográfica del periodo.
La arquitectura teatral del siglo XVIII. El caso de Burgos y el proyecto de Fernando González de Lara
Authors: Zaparaín Yáñez María José , Payo Hernanz René Jesús 
Published: January 2021

La arquitectura teatral vivió un gran proceso de renovación en la España del siglo XVIII, tomando como modelo los tratados arquitectónicos franceses e italianos del momento. Esta dinámica se extendió a pequeñas ciudades como Burgos donde, a lo largo de la centuria, se trató de construir un nuevo teatro acorde a los nuevos planteamientos estéticos ilustrados. El proyecto fue encargado al académico Fernando González de Lara quien tomó como referentes a Bails y Patte. La obra no se ejecutó, pero la reclamación de los honorarios del arquitecto generó una correspondencia que nos permite entender la consideración que tenía el trabajo de los arquitectos en el siglo XVIII.