bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumption of dietary folate estimates and its implication for reproductive outcome among women of reproductive age in Kersa: cross-sectional survey
Authors: Assefa Nega , Abdullahi Yasir Y. , Abraham Aklilu , Hemler Elena C. , Madzorera Isabel , Dessie Yadeta , Roba Kedir Teji , Fawzi Wafaie W. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Dietary folate inadequacy is one the most common micronutrient deficiencies that cause neural tube defect (NTD) among infants in Sub-Saharan African countries. This study aims to determine the dietary intake of folate among women of reproductive age (WRA) of Kersa, Eastern Ethiopia.

Methods
A cross-sectional study took place among voluntary women that were selected from 1140 random households. Using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire, participant’s weekly dietary intake history of Ethiopian foods and dietary folate intake was worked out. Statistical analysis was done at a 95% confidence interval. Modified Poisson regression was used to identify factors associated with dietary folate consumption.

Result
The estimated median usual intake of folate was 170 μg/d (IQR: 118.3; 252.2) and about 33% of WRA had low folate intake and 73.9% were at risk for folate inadequacy. From the reported food groups, Beans and Peas, Starchy staples, and Vitamin-A rich dark-green leafy vegetables were the top three ranked foods that contributed much of the dietary folate. The following conditions were statistically related to dietary folate inadequacy; women’s age, being in poor wealth index, low dietary diversity, having seasonal employment, and reliance on market food sources.

Conclusions
We found that women’s dietary intake of folate in Kersa is very low and cannot protect their offspring from the risk of having NTD. They could also potentially be predisposed to poor health outcomes. Diversifying and fortification of Ethiopian wheats and salts could decrease the burden of folate deficiency in the country.
Mono-specific algal diets shape microbial networking in the gut of the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla elatensis
Authors: Masasa Matan , Kushmaro Ariel , Kramarsky-Winter Esti , Shpigel Muki , Barkan Roy , Golberg Alex , Kribus Abraham , Shashar Nadav , Guttman Lior 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Algivorous sea urchins can obtain energy from a diet of a single algal species, which may result in consequent changes in their gut microbe assemblies and association networks.

Methods
To ascertain whether such changes are led by specific microbes or limited to a specific region in the gut, we compared the microbial assembly in the three major gut regions of the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla elatensis when fed a mono-specific algal diet of either Ulva fasciata or Gracilaria conferta, or an algal-free diet. DNA extracts from 5 to 7 individuals from each diet treatment were used for Illumina MiSeq based 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V3–V4 region). Niche breadth of each microbe in the assembly was calculated for identification of core, generalist, specialist, or unique microbes. Network analyzers were used to measure the connectivity of the entire assembly and of each of the microbes within it and whether it altered with a given diet or gut region. Lastly, the predicted metabolic functions of key microbes in the gut were analyzed to evaluate their potential contribution to decomposition of dietary algal polysaccharides.

Results
Sea urchins fed with U. fasciata grew faster and their gut microbiome network was rich in bacterial associations (edges) and networking clusters. Bacteroidetes was the keystone microbe phylum in the gut, with core, generalist, and specialist representatives. A few microbes of this phylum were central hub nodes that maintained community connectivity, while others were driver microbes that led the rewiring of the assembly network based on diet type through changes in their associations and centrality. Niche breadth agreed with microbes' richness in genes for carbohydrate active enzymes and correlated Bacteroidetes specialists to decomposition of specific polysaccharides in the algal diets.

Conclusions
The dense and well-connected microbial network in the gut of Ulva-fed sea urchins, together with animal's rapid growth, may suggest that this alga was most nutritious among the experimental diets. Our findings expand the knowledge on the gut microbial assembly in T. gratilla elatensis and strengthen the correlation between microbes’ generalism or specialism in terms of occurrence in different niches and their metabolic arsenal which may aid host nutrition.
Statins mediate anti- and pro-tumourigenic functions by remodelling the tumour microenvironment
Authors: Kamata Tamihiro , Al Dujaily Esraa , Alhamad Salwa , So Tsz Y. , Margaritaki Olga , Giblett Susan , Pringle J. Howard , Le Quesne John , Pritchard Catrin 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Anti-cancer properties of statins are controversial and possibly context dependent. Recent pathology/epidemiology studies of human lung adenocarcinoma showed reduced pro-tumourigenic macrophages associated with a shift to lower-grade tumours amongst statin users but, paradoxically, worse survival compared with that of non-users. To investigate the mechanisms involved, we have characterised mouse lung adenoma/adenocarcinoma models treated with atorvastatin. Here, we show that atorvastatin suppresses premalignant disease by inhibiting the recruitment of pro-tumourigenic macrophages to the tumour microenvironment, manifested in part by suppression of Rac-mediated CCR1 ligand secretion. However, prolonged atorvastatin treatment leads to drug resistance and progression of lung adenomas into invasive disease. Pathological progression is not driven by acquisition of additional driver mutations or immunoediting/evasion but is associated with stromal changes including the development of desmoplastic stroma containing Gr1+ myeloid cells and tertiary lymphoid structures. These findings show that any chemopreventive functions of atorvastatin in lung adenocarcinoma are overridden by stromal remodelling in the long term, thus providing mechanistic insight into the poor survival of lung adenocarcinoma patients with statin use.
Does receiving a cash grant improve individual earnings in a war-torn country? Evidence from a randomized experiment in Afghanistan
Authors: Kashefi Fatema , Naito Hisahiro 
Published: November 2021

Background: In this study, the effect of receiving a non-trivial cash grant and mentorship for business practice on individual earnings in Afghanistan was assessed. Methods: This randomized control trial (RCT) included 2177 individuals (n=2177), with the age range of 18-35 years. The amount of cash grant (500 USD) was approximately equal to the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in the country. By a process of lottery, eligible applicants were equally divided into the group that received the grant (treatment group) and the group that did not (control group). Results: Almost two years after this study, the percentage of increased annual income to the size of this cash grant was approximately 173 % and 69 % for males and females, respectively. This result was much higher than the estimated percentage reported in previous literature assessing the effect of microfinance loans and cash grants in other countries. The treatment group had 7% higher probability of having an officially registered business than the control group. The treatment group also increased labor supply and employed additional workers, compared to the control group. The male treatment group bought more capital equipment (e.g., trike and commercial carts) than the male control group, while the female treatment group bought more domestic animals. Conclusion: A non-trivial cash grant has a strong positive effect on the earnings of the recipient of the cash grant in Afghanistan. If the state of increased income continues for the next few years, the sum of increased income will be more than the sum of the administration cost, the interest cost and the amount of cash grant given. This implies that the project passes the standard criteria to determine the appropriateness of government program. Additionally, we did not find any economically and statistically significant positive effect of mentorship on income.
Route Optimization Tool (RoOT) for distribution of vaccines and health products
Authors: Zabinsky Zelda B. , Zameer Mariam , Petroianu Larissa P.G. , Muteia Mamiza M. , Coelho Aida L. 
Published: November 2021

Ensuring the delivery and availability of health products, including temperature-sensitive vaccines, is vital to saving lives in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In many LMICs routes are hand drawn by logisticians and are adjusted based on vehicle availability and product quantities. Easy-to-use real-time supply chain tools are needed to create or adjust routes for available vehicles and road conditions. Having more efficient and optimized distribution is especially critical for COVID-19 vaccine distribution. Route Optimization Tool (RoOT) works best for planning routes for 50 health facilities or less, in two minutes. We develop RoOT using a variant of a Vehicle Routing and Scheduling Algorithm (VeRSA) that is coded in Python but reads and writes Excel files to make data input and using outputs easier. RoOT can be used for routine operations or in emergency situations, such as delivery of new COVID-19 vaccine. The tool has a user-centric design with easy dropdown menus and the ability to optimize on time, risk, or combination of both. RoOT is an open-source tool for optimal routing of health products. It provides optimized routes faster than most commercial software and is tailored to meet the needs of government stakeholders We trained supply chain logisticians in Mozambique on using RoOT, and their feedback validates that RoOT is a practical tool to improve planning and efficient distribution of health products, especially vaccines. We also illustrate how RoOT can be adapted for an emergency situation by using a test scenario of a cyclone. Currently, RoOT does not allow multi-day routes, and is designed for trips that can be completed within twenty-four hours. Areas for future development include multi-day routing and integration with mapping software to facilitate distance calculations and visualization of routes.
Addressing implementation considerations when developing universal interventions for speech, language and communication needs in the ordinary classroom: a protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Gallagher Aoife , Murphy Carol-Anne , Fitzgerald Johanna , Law James 
Published: November 2021

Background: Understanding the factors that influence the implementation of health interventions in the context of education is essential to improving outcomes for children and young people with speech and language needs (SLCN). Yet implementation considerations have not been adequately addressed when developing interventions for this context. The aim of this paper is to present a protocol for a scoping review of existing implementation frameworks that might guide SLCN intervention research in schools. Methods: In accordance with scoping review guidelines, the study will be conducted in six phases: (1) identification of the research question, (2) identification of potentially relevant studies of Implementation Science frameworks, (3) study screening and selection, (4) charting and extracting data from identified frameworks, (5) collating, summarising and reporting the results and (6) consultation with stakeholders. Two reviewers will conduct the screening and extraction stages independently. Identified frameworks will be collated, and described, and constructs from the IS frameworks will be categorised using domains from the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. A draft implementation science model will be proposed based on the findings of the scoping review. Conclusions: The findings of this review will provide guidance for researchers to begin to address implementation considerations when developing and facilitating the uptake of universal interventions for SLCN in the ordinary classroom, and ultimately can contribute towards improving outcomes for this vulnerable childhood population.
Engaged genomic science produces better and fairer outcomes: an engagement framework for engaging and involving participants, patients and publics in genomics research and healthcare implementation
Authors: Murtagh Madeleine J. , Machirori Mavis , Gaff Clara L. , Blell Mwenza T. , de Vries Jantina , Doerr Megan , Dove Edward S. , Duncanson Audrey , Hastings Ward Jillian , Hendricks-Sturrup Rachele , Ho Calvin W. L. , Johns Amber , Joly Yann , Kato Kazuto , Katsui Keiko , Kumuthini Judit , Maleady-Crowe Fiona , Middleton Anna , Milne Richard , Minion Joel T. , Matshaba Mogomotsi , Mulrine Stephanie , Patch Christine , Ryan Rosalyn , Viney William 
Published: November 2021

Genomic science is increasingly central to the provision of health care. Producing and applying robust genomics knowledge is a complex endeavour in which no single individual, profession, discipline or community holds all the answers. Engagement and involvement of diverse stakeholders can support alignment of societal and scientific interests, understandings and perspectives and promises better science and fairer outcomes. In this context we argue for F.A.I.R.E.R. data and data use that is Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reproducible, Equitable and Responsible. Yet there is a paucity of international guidance on how to engage publics, patients and participants in genomics. To support meaningful and effective engagement and involvement we developed an Engagement Framework for involving and engaging participants, patients and publics in genomics research and health implementation. The Engagement Framework is intended to support all those working in genomics research, medicine, and healthcare to deliberatively consider approaches to participant, patient and public engagement and involvement in their work. Through a series of questions, the Engagement Framework prompts new ways of thinking about the aims and purposes of engagement, and support reflection on the strengths, limitations, likely outcomes and impacts of choosing different approaches to engagement. To guide genomics activities, we describe four themes and associated questions for deliberative reflection: (i) fairness; (ii) context; (iii) heterogeneity, and (iv) recognising tensions and conflict. The four key components in the Engagement provide a framework to assist those involved in genomics to reflect on decisions they make for their initiatives, including the strategies selected, the participant, patient and public stakeholders engaged, and the anticipated goals. The Engagement Framework is one step in an actively evolving process of building genomics research and implementation cultures which foster responsible leadership and are attentive to objectives which increase equality, diversity and inclusion in participation and outcomes.
ИМИТАЦИОННОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ПРОЦЕССОВ МИГРАЦИИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ РЫНОЧНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ
Authors: Gajkova Luybov V. 
Published: November 2021

Рассматривается использование имитационного моделирования миграционных процессов населения, как одного из методов регулирования численности населения в условиях рыночной экономики.
Цель исследования: построение имитационной модели для определения оптимального коэффициента миграции с целью поддержания соответствующего уровня жизнедеятельности трудоспособного населения в условиях рыночной экономики.
Методы и инструменты: использован диалектический метод как общий научный метод познания; приемы и инструменты системного, сравнительного анализа и обобщений; методы и инструменты имитационного моделирования.
Результаты: описан подход к исследованию миграционных процессов на базе агентного имитационного моделирования как основы аналитической обработки полученных данных.
Область применения результатов: руководители компаний при решении вопросов определения оптимального коэффициента миграции как одной из составляющих элемента рыночной инфраструктуры в условиях цифровизации экономики.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF A LOGISTICS PROBLEM WITH A VARIABLE RATE
Authors: Agapova Elena G. , Popova Tatyana M. 
Published: November 2021

Logistics as a science and as an area of practical knowledge has recently aroused increasing interest, since its activities are multifaceted. Logistics includes the management of transport, warehousing, inventory, human resources, the organization of information systems, commercial activities and much more. At the same time, there is a novelty of the approach in logistics - the organic interconnection, the integration of the above areas into a single management of material flows. Transport logistics refers to the main sections of the logistics of the movement of resources. Transport logistics allows you to solve many different problems of varying complexity and scale on a scientific basis.
The article deals with a mathematical model of a logistics problem with variable transportation tariffs. Numerical solutions of the mathematical model by a symmetric algorithm, based on the averaging of variable tariffs, are given. The ways of transportation cost reduction are considered.
Automation of information flows accompanying cargo flows is one of the most essential technical components of logistics. The use of methods of logistics opens up new reserves for creation of competitive advantage of this or that firm on the basis of maximum satisfaction of clients’ demands.
Purpose. Finding the minimum path by the symmetric algorithm method; investigate the efficiency of the warehouse location.
Methodology in article use methods of solving the transportation problem, elements of graph theory, elements of the theory of fuzzy sets.
Results. A study was conducted on the efficiency of the location of the warehouse, the method of symmetric algorithm was found the minimum path; estimated the cost of the input measures.
Practical implications it is expedient to apply the received results in transportation management, resource flow management (warehouses).
Podróż do kresu mapy. Destrukcja kartografii jako dekonstrukcja – perspektywa pragmatyczna
Authors: Piotrowski Igor 
Published: November 2021

Artykuł dotyczy funkcjonowania map i ich wyobrażeń w warunkach wojennych na przykładzie polskiego materiału dotyczącego II wojny światowej. Punktem wyjścia jest relacja Mirona Biało- szewskiego zawarta w opowiadaniu Rajza dotycząca ucieczki jego rodziny we wrześniu 1939 roku w stronę granicy wschodniej. Opowiadanie wprowadza wątki, które są obecne w innych tek- stach okołowojennych i powojennych autora Pamiętnika z powstania warszawskiego, i które są interpretowane w kontekście innych źródeł (przede wszystkim literackich). Mapy używane podczas wojny miały wymiar propagandowy, dezorientowały zarówno swoich, jak i obcych użyt- kowników (czytelników). Okres wojenny oznacza ciągłe zapotrzebowanie na mapy oraz ujaw- nia deficyt przestawień kartograficznych, a jednocześnie ciągle zmieniająca się rzeczywistość obnaża ich bezużyteczność, w skrajnych przypadkach sprowadzając je do surowca wtórnego. Wojna jest stanem wyjątkowym, w którym proces dekonstrukcji kartografii zostaje przyśpie- szony. Jest to więc moment, w którym postulaty nurtu krytycznego w historii i teorii kartografii zostają spełnione, a pragmatyka dowartościowana. To użytkownik w konkretnej sytuacji dokonuje demaskacji racjonalnego umysłu stojącego za kartografią.
Többdimenziós kulturális értékteremtés a Veszprém-Balaton2023 Európa Kulturális Fővárosa projekt tükrében
Authors: Lőrincz Katalin , Raffay–Danyi Ágnes , Cerquetti Mara 
Published: November 2021

A TANULMÁNY CÉLJA
A tanulmány célja a kulturális értékteremtés jellemzőinek bemutatása a Veszprém-Balaton2023 Európa Kulturális Fővárosa program (továbbiakban Veszprém-Balaton2023 EKF program) tükrében. A vizsgálatot a többdimenziós értékteremtés öt pillére alapján végeztük Veszprémben és a Balaton térségben működő kulturális és turisztikai szervezetek körében. Jelen kutatás a következő kérdésekre fókuszál: 1) hogyan működik közre jelenleg a kulturális szektor a város és a Balaton térség fenntartható fejlesztésében; 2) melyek a veszprémi kulturális szakpolitika és menedzsment legfőbb gyengeségei, fejlesztendő területei; 3) melyek azok az EKF-től várt hatások, melyek hosszú távon ösztönözhetik a helyiek kultúrához való kapcsolódását, illetve kulturális fogyasztását? A tanulmány a kulturális és turisztikai szektorban megjelenő közösségi részvétel és a hálózatosítás szerepére fókuszál, amely segítségével megvalósulhat a térség hosszú távú kulturális, társadalmi és gazdasági fejlődése.
ALKALMAZOTT MÓDSZERTAN
Az értékteremtéssel kapcsolatos nemzetközi és hazai szakirodalom áttekintése alapján megalkottuk a kutatás elméleti kereteit: a többdimenziós értékteremtés öt pillérének vizsgálatát végeztük az esettanulmány (Veszprém-Balaton2023 EKF program) megközelítés mentén. A kutatást 2019 szeptemberében és októberében bonyolítottuk le Veszprém és a Balaton térségben strukturált interjúk, valamint stratégiai dokumentumok elemzésének segítségével. Az interjúalanyok kiválasztása során törekedtünk a kultúra minél szélesebb területének lefedésére és a turizmus kiterjedt ernyőfogalma alatt (láthatatlan, nem konvencionális, mindennapi térpályáktól eltérő mobilitás) tárgyalt folyamatok (Michalkó – Ilyés 2020) vizsgálatára. Ebből adódóan a strukturált interjúk során kilenc kulturális intézmény (kulturális központ, könyvtár, színház, múzeum, művészeti galéria), továbbá a veszprémi és a térségi turisztikai desztináció menedzsment szervezetek képviselőinek véleményét elemeztük.
LEGFONTOSABB EREDMÉNYEK
A kutatási eredmények a részvétel, a bevonódás és a hálózatosodás különböző szintjeit mutatják be. Olyan releváns innovációkat javasolnak, melyek a kulturális szféra hosszú távú fenntartható fejlesztése érdekében megvalósíthatók.
GYAKORLATI JAVASLATOK
Az eredmények a kulturális alapú városfejlesztésben érdekelt, valamint a kulturális kínálatot, programokat priorizáló hazai települések számára tartalmaznak menedzsmentre vonatkozó javaslatokat. Az eredmények alapján a Veszprém-Balaton térségben a kulturális kínálat jelenlegi irányítása fejlesztésre szorul; kiemelten átgondolandó az értékteremtési mechanizmusok megújítása.
Köszönetnyilvánítás: Jelen kutatás az Európai Unió, Magyarország és az Európai Szociális Alap társfinanszírozása által biztosított forrásból az EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00017 azonosítójú "Fenntartható, intelligens és befogadó regionális és városi modellek" című projekt keretében jött létre.