bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of recommendations on screening strategies for breast cancer due to hereditary predisposition: Who, When, and How?
Authors: Cai Yitong , Li Jiang , Gao Ya , Yang Kelu , He Jie , Li Ni , Tian Jinhui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer is a global health problem that cannot be underestimated. Many studies have shown that breast cancer is related to pathogenic mutations in hereditary predisposition genes. Clinical practice guidelines play a vital role in guiding the selection of breast cancer screening. Little is known about the quality and consistency of guidelines’ recommendations and their changes over these years.MethodsWe reviewed the existing screening guidelines for genetic susceptibility to breast cancer and assessed the methodological quality, and summarized the recommendations to aid clinicians to make decisions. We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and guideline‐specific databases, aiming to find the guidelines of breast cancer due to hereditary predisposition. The necessary information was exacted by Excel. We also summarized different evidence grading systems. The qualities of the guidelines were assessed by the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument.ResultsA total of 54 recommendations from 13 guidelines were extracted. Generally speaking, the recommendations were consistent, mainly focusing on mammography and MRI.ConclusionsThe recommendations differ in details. Moreover, different guidelines are based on different grading systems, and some guidelines are not divided for age limits, which may limit the promotion and implementation of the guidelines. It is suggested that improvement can be made in this regard in the future.
Detection of asymptomatic recurrence improves survival of gastric cancer patients
Authors: Park Ji Soo , Choe Eun‐Ah , Park Sejung , Nam Chung Mo , Hyung Woo Jin , Noh Sung Hoon , Lee Seoyoung , Kim Hyo Song , Jung Minkyu , Chung Hyun Cheol , Rha Sun Young 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of long‐term surveillance for asymptomatic patients after curative resection of gastric cancer is being debated. We compared the prognosis of Korean patients with recurrent gastric cancer according to the presence or absence of cancer‐related symptoms at the time of recurrence detection.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 305 Korean patients who experienced recurrence after curative resection of primary gastric cancer between March 2002 and February 2017 at Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ResultsThe median follow‐up duration was 169.8 months (1–267.2), and the median age at first recurrence was 58.1 years (23.4–81.9). Among 305 patients with recurrence, 97 of 231 (42.0%) patients with early recurrence (≤5 years after curative surgical resection) and 47 of 74 (63.5%) patients with late recurrence (>5 years after curative surgical resection) had cancer‐related symptoms at recurrence (p = 0.001). For survival after recurrence, detection of asymptomatic recurrence was an independent favorable factor (hazard ratio, 0.527; 95% confidence interval, 0.409–0.681; p < 0.001) accompanied with the possibility of subsequent treatment, targeted‐, or immunotherapy for recurrent disease, and locoregional recurrence only. In the late‐recurrence group, the patients with asymptomatic detection of recurrence showed favorable post‐recurrence survival (median, 33.3 months vs. 14.7 months; p = 0.002), overall survival (median, 136.3 months vs. 106.1 months; p = 0.010), and cancer‐specific survival (median, 177.5 months vs. 106.1 months; p = 0.005) than the patients with symptomatic detection.ConclusionThe detection of gastric cancer recurrence in patients without cancer‐related symptoms may be related to improved survival, suggesting the potential benefit of long‐term surveillance.
Identification of inhibitory immune checkpoints and relevant regulatory pathways in breast cancer stem cells
Authors: Shi Haojun , Yang Yisi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractImmune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has become one of the most promising approaches to activating antitumor immunity. However, only a small subset of patients with breast cancer benefit from ICB treatment. To improve the therapeutic effect in the clinic, precision immunotherapy is proposed to accurately eliminate cancer stem cells that contribute to local recurrence or metastasis, but currently little is known about their immunological properties. In this study, breast cancer–specific datasets in The Cancer Genome Atlas were collected and analyzed by using multiple open‐access web servers. We found that the immunophenotype of breast cancer was characterized by a hypoactive immune microenvironment and a low response to immune checkpoint blockade. The innate immune checkpoint CD200 and the adaptive immune checkpoint CD276, respectively, exhibited a strong correlation with basal/stem gene signature and invasiveness gene signature, both of which represent breast cancer stem cells. Wnt, TGF‐β, and Hedgehog signaling, which are recognized as stemness‐related pathways, showed a significant association with the expression of CD200 and CD276, suggesting cancer stem cell–specific immune checkpoints could be downregulated by inhibiting these pathways. Of note, levels of CD200 and CD276 expression were higher in TGF‐β dominant breast cancer than in other immune types of breast cancer. We also identified gene signatures that represent Wnt, TGF‐β, and Hedgehog signaling‐related CD200 and CD276 expression in breast cancer stem cells. For the luminal A subtype, the patient group with a high level of these gene signatures plus a low infiltration of CD8+ T cells, or dendritic cells, or M1 macrophages had poor overall survival. Our study suggested that CD200 and CD276 are candidate inhibitory immune checkpoints in breast cancer stem cells, which are potentially regulated by Wnt, TGF‐β, and Hedgehog signaling. Synergistic inhibition of these stemness‐related pathways may improve the efficacy of ICB treatment targeting breast cancer stem cells in precision immunotherapy.
Patient‐reported distress and age‐related stress biomarkers among colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Eddington Hyrum S. , McLeod Megan , Trickey Amber W. , Barreto Nicolas , Maturen Katherine , Morris Arden M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveDistress among cancer patients has been broadly accepted as an important indicator of well‐being but has not been well studied. We investigated patient characteristics associated with high distress levels as well as correlations among measures of patient‐reported distress and “objective” stress‐related biomarkers among colorectal cancer patients.MethodsIn total, 238 patients with colon or rectal cancer completed surveys including the Distress Thermometer, Problem List, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. We abstracted demographic and clinical information from patient charts and determined salivary cortisol level and imaging‐based sarcopenia. We evaluated associations between patient characteristics (demographics, clinical factors, and psychosocial and physical measures) and three outcomes (patient‐reported distress, cortisol, and sarcopenia) with Spearman's rank correlations and multivariable linear regression. The potential moderating effect of age was separately investigated by including an interaction term in the regression models.ResultsPatient‐reported distress was associated with gender (median: women 5.0, men 3.0, p < 0.001), partnered status (single 5.0, partnered 4.0, p = 0.018), and cancer type (rectal 5.0, colon 4.0, p = 0.026); these effects varied with patient age. Cortisol level was associated with “emotional problems” (ρ = 0.34, p = 0.030), anxiety (ρ = 0.46, p = 0.006), and depression (ρ = 0.54, p = 0.001) among younger patients. We found no significant associations between patient‐reported distress, salivary cortisol, and sarcopenia.ConclusionsWe found that young, single patients reported high levels of distress compared to other patient groups. Salivary cortisol may have limited value as a cancer‐related stress biomarker among younger patients, based on association with some psychosocial measures. Stress biomarkers may not be more clinically useful than patient‐reported measures in assessing distress among colorectal cancer patients.
Working with British Army Families: A Qualitative Study of Child Protection Practitioners' Views and Experiences
Authors: Taylor Julie , Bradbury‐Jones Caroline , Held Jane , Isham Louise , McConnell Nicola 
Published: May 2021

Key Practitioner Messages

Closed, often tight‐knit army communities can potentially provide protective factors for children; however, this environment can make it difficult to seek help or to speak out when there are concerns about children's safety or wellbeing.
The needs and experiences of non‐serving parents (often female partners) can be overlooked unless, or until, child protection concerns are serious.
Army‐connected children benefit from accessing army and civilian health, education and welfare services; however, transitions and communication between these services need to be improved.
Analytical Profiling of Phenolic Compounds in Extracts of Three Cistus Species from Sardinia and Their Potential Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Mastino Patrizia Monica , Marchetti Mauro , Costa Jean , Juliano Claudia , Usai Marianna 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Cistaceae family is well represented in Sardinia, and the Cistus genus is widely used in traditional medicine. Nowadays only few studies have been performed on this genus vegetating in Sardinia in spite of its ethnobotanical importance. Moreover, in the past there have been conflicting opinions among botanists for the exact assignment of the species growing in Sardinia. We started several years ago to carried out studies on this genus and in the present study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of several samples of Cistus salvifolius L., Cistus monspeliensis L., and Cistus albidus L. collected in Sardinia as antimicrobial agents against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and four Candida species and their antioxidant activity using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Furthermore, the phenolic content and composition of the extracts were first evaluated. Using statistical multivariate analysis on the complete metabolomics profile of all Cistus species growing wild in Sardinia, we confirmed the botanical classification, and we observed an interesting correlation between metabolomics profile and antioxidant activity.
The transseptal puncture experience: Safety insights from FDA MAUDE database
Authors: Morcos Ramez , Megaly Michael , Desai Anand , Alkhouli Mohamed , Saad Marwan , Luna Michael , Garcia Santiago , Khalili Houman , Maini Brijeshwar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is a paucity of literature on safety and efficacy of various transseptal puncture (TSP) needles.ObjectivesTo assess the reported mechanisms of failure, complications, and outcomes among the most frequently used transseptal needles in the United States.MethodsWe queried the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database between January 2011 and January 2021 for reports on the most commonly used transseptal needles: NRG (Baylis Medical, Montreal, Canada), and BRK (St. Jude, Saint Paul, MN)]. The primary outcome was the mechanism of failure. Secondary outcomes included clinical consequences of device failure.ResultsThe final analysis included 306 reports of failure/complication with TSP needles (NRG n = 70, BRK n = 236). The most commonly reported mode of failure was detachment of the needle component (i.e., clip, hub, stopcock, shaft, spring, or needle tip) (14.7% overall; 17.8% BRK; and 4.3% NRG). Among these reports, cardiac perforation was the most common complication (69.9% overall; 69.1% for BRK; and 72.9% for NRG). Pericardiocentesis was the second most commonly reported complication (45.1% overall; 48.3% for BRK; and 34.3% for NRG). The procedure was successfully completed in 33.3% of all cases (36.4% for BRK and 22.9% for NRG), while surgical conversion was needed in (13.4% overall; 14% for BRK and 11.4% for NRG) of the reports. Death occurred in 3.9% of all cases overall (3.4% for BRK and 5.7% for NRG).ConclusionsNeedle detachment was the most common mode of failure, and cardiac perforation was the most common complication reported with TSP needles. Future efforts should focus on innovative TSP needle design, best practice guidelines, including role of imaging guidance, and increased TSP training.
Asymmetric Catalytic Approach to Multilayer 3D Chirality
Authors: Wu Guanzhao , Liu Yangxue , Rouh Hossein , Ma Liulei , Tang Yao , Zhang Sai , Zhou Peng , Wang Jia‐Ying , Jin Shengzhou , Unruh Daniel , Surowiec Kazimierz , Ma Yanzhang , Li Guigen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is Guigen Li and co‐workers at Texas Tech University and Nanjing University. The cover artwork shows that chirality phenomena exists in the universe and in nature, including at micro and molecular levels. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202100700.
Design and Synthesis of Sulfanilamide Aminophosphonates as Novel Antibacterial Agents towards Escherichia coli
Authors: Wang Juan , Ansari Mohammad Fawad , Lin Jian‐Mei , Zhou Cheng‐He 
Published: May 2021

Main observation and conclusionThe limit ability of traditional antibiotics to treat drug resistant bacteria calls for new therapeutic alternatives. A class of unique sulfanilamide aminophosphonates as new potential agents against microbes was synthesized by one‐pot three‐component reaction. Noticeably, fluorobenzyl derivative 5d (MIC = 2 μg/mL) was active against drug resistant E. coli infection and exerted no obvious toxicity towards human mammalian cells. Compound 5d also displayed good anti‐biofilm activity and low possibility to induce drug resistance. Mechanism investigation elucidated that molecule 5d could disrupt E. coli membrane through generation of reactive oxygen (ROS) and then intercalate into deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to form a steady 5d‐DNA complex, which led to bacterial death. These results indicated that sulfanilamide aminophosphonates would shed light on developing novel potential antibacterial agents.
Flexible Transparent Near‐Infrared Photodetector Based on 2D Ti3C2 MXene‐Te Van Der Waals Heterostructures†
Authors: Hu Chuqiao , Li La , Shen Guozhen 
Published: May 2021

Main observation and conclusionTi3C2 MXene serving as superior electrical conductors presents more specific performance such as transparency, conductivity than gold (Au), and even could form a heterostructure with active materials of the functional devices. Here, a Ti3C2 MXene‐Te microplate van der Waals heterostructure based transparent near‐infrared photodetector (PD) is exploited. Compared with Au‐Te PD, the on‐off ratio of the Ti3C2‐Te PD is improved by seven orders of magnitude and reaches 9.51 × 107 under 1064 nm laser illuminations. Benefiting from the utilization of flexible PET substrate and Ti3C2 conductors in manufacturing PD devices, the Ti3C2‐Te PD exhibits excellent flexibility with no noticeable response change after being bent for different states and times. Moreover, 63% transmittance of the fabricated PD devices over the 500—1000 nm wavelength range is obtained. All the above results demonstrate the tremendous potential in wearable optoelectronics.
Use of the prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) test in the United States for men age ≥65, 1999–2015: Implications for practice interventions
Authors: Shahangian Shahram , Fan Lin , Sharma Krishna P. , Siegel David A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundVarious professional organizations have issued recommendations on use of the PSA test to screen for prostate cancer in different age groups.AimsUsing Medicare claims databases, we aimed to determine rates of PSA testing in the context of screening recommendations during 1999–2015 for US men age ≥65, stratified by age group and census regions, after excluding claims relating to all prostate‐related conditions.Methods and ResultsMedicare claims databases encompassed 9.71–11.12 million men for the years under study. PSA testing rate was the proportion of men with ≥1 test(s) per 12 months of continuous enrollment. Men diagnosed with any prostate‐related condition were excluded. Annual percent change (APC) in PSA test use was estimated using joinpoint regression analysis. In 1999–2015, annual testing rate was 10.1%–23.1%, age ≥85; 16.6%–31.0%, age 80–84; 23.8%–35.8%, age 75–79; 28.3%–36.9%, age 70–74; and 26.4%–33.6%, age 65–69. From 1999 to 2015, PSA testing rate decreased 40.7%, 29.9%, 13.9%, and 2.9%, respectively, for men age ≥85, 80–84, 75–79, and 70–74. For men age 65–69, test use increased by 0.3%. Significant APC trends were: APC1999–2002 = +8.1%, P = .029 and APC2008–2015 = −9.0%, P < .001 for men age ≥85; APC2008–2015 = −7.1%, P = .001 for men age 80–84; APC2001–2015 = −2.5%, P < .001 for men age 75–79; APC2008–2015 = −3.3%, P = .007 for men age 70–74; and APC2010–2015 = −5.2%, P = .014 for men age 65–69.CoclusionAlthough decreased from 1999 to 2015, PSA testing rates remained high for men age ≥70. Further research could help understand why PSA testing continues inconsistent with recommendations.
Assessment of cough in head and neck cancer patients at risk for dysphagia—An overview
Authors: Mootassim‐Billah Sofiana , Van Nuffelen Gwen , Schoentgen Jean , De Bodt Marc , Dragan Tatiana , Digonnet Antoine , Roper Nicolas , Van Gestel Dirk 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis literature review explores the terminology, the neurophysiology, and the assessment of cough in general, in the framework of dysphagia and regarding head and neck cancer patients at risk for dysphagia. In the dysphagic population, cough is currently assessed perceptually during a clinical swallowing evaluation or aerodynamically.Recent findingsRecent findings have shown intra and inter‐rater disagreements regarding perceptual scoring of cough. Also, aerodynamic measurements are impractical in a routine bedside assessment. Coughing, however, is considered to be a clinically relevant sign of aspiration and dysphagia in head and cancer patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy.ConclusionThis article surveys the literature regarding the established cough assessment and stresses the need to implement innovative methods for assessing cough in head and neck cancer patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy at risk for dysphagia.
Can the predictive value of multiparametric MRI for prostate cancer be improved by a liquid biopsy with SelectMDx?
Authors: Rahnama'i Mohammad Sajjad , Bach Christian , Schulze‐Hagen Maximilian , Kuhl Christiane K , Vögeli Thomas Alexander 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundSelectMDx is a urinary biomarker test for determining prostate cancer risk.AimIn a group of patients with a biopsy proven prostate cancer (PCa) who had undergone a multi parametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mpMRI) and urinary biomarker test with SelectMDx, we studied the additive value of SelectMDx to mpMRI and correlated that to the radical prostatectomy histology.Methods and resultsThirty‐nine consecutive patients with a positive prostate biopsy were included in the study. They all had mpMRI and SelectMDx and underwent a radical prostatectomy. Overall, the mpMRI showed a PIRADS ≤3 lesion in seven cases out of the 39 patients. Significant lesions (PIRADS ≥4) were found in 32 cases (82%), that is, in 17 cases a PIRADS 5 lesion and in 15 cases a PIRADS 4 lesion. The mpMRI missed significant PCa in seven cases (18%) who had a PIRADS ≤3 lesion but had a significant PCa on final histology after RP. In our study, the positive predictive values of mpMRI were 97% and that of the SelectMDx was 100%.ConclusionIn this real‐life selected group of consecutive patients with a confirmed positive PCa biopsy and available mpMRI, the liquid biopsy test with SelectMDx, did not provide an additional information about the PCa clinical significance. The addition of SelectMDx was only found valuable in those patients who had a very high‐risk PCa (ie, GS ≥8) who had a positive SelectMDx test outcome despite of a negative mpMRI outcome.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors in Wilms' tumor and Neuroblastoma: What now?
Authors: Valind Anders , Gisselsson David 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundTherapeutic activation of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes using monoclonal antibodies targeting PD1 or PD‐L1 (immune checkpoint inhibitors—ICIs) has revolutionized treatment of specific solid tumors in adult cancer patients, and much hope has been placed on a similar effect in relapsed or refractory solid pediatric tumors. Recent clinical trials have disappointingly shown an almost nonexistent response rate, while case reports have demonstrated that some pediatric patients do achieve durable responses when treated with this type of drug.AimTo elucidate this paradox, we mapped the landscape of expressed neoantigens as well as the levels of immune cell infiltration in the two most common extracranial solid pediatric tumors: Wilms tumor and neuroblastoma using state‐of‐the‐art in silico analysis of a large cohort of patients with these tumors.MethodsBy integration of whole exome sequencing and RNA‐sequencing, we mapped the landscape of neoantigens in the TARGET cohorts for these diagnoses and correlated these findings with known genetic prognostic markers.ResultsOur analysis shows that these tumors typically have much lower levels of expressed neoantigens than commonly seen in adult cancers, but we also identify subgroups with significantly higher levels of neoantigens. For neuroblastomas, the cases with higher levels of neoantigens were confined to the group without MYCN‐amplification and for Wilms tumor restricted to the TP53‐mutated cases. Furthermore, we demonstrate that neuroblastomas have an unexpectedly high level of CD8+ tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes, even when compared to adult tumor types where ICI is an approved treatment.ConclusionThese results could be important to consider when designing future clinical trials of ICI treatment in pediatric patients with relapsed or refractory solid tumors.
Parvovirus B19‐associated graft failure after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Rattani Nabila , Matheny Christina , Eckrich Michael J. , Madden Lisa M. , Quigg Troy C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundParvovirus B19 (PVB19) infection has been implicated in allograft failure or dysfunction in solid organ transplantation (SOT) and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT), but the literature is limited.CaseTwo pediatric patients were diagnosed with PVB19 infection around the time of allo‐HSCT graft failure. Both cases were secondary graft failure and required second allo‐HSCT.ConclusionThere are many risk factors and potential confounders in determining the exact etiology of graft failure after allo‐HSCT. These two cases highlight the importance of including PVB19 in the diagnostic evaluation for graft failure. PVB19 infection may be an important risk factor for allo‐HSCT graft failure.