bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive digital phenotype for postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: Zheutlin Amanda B , Vieira Luciana , Shewcraft Ryan A , Li Shilong , Wang Zichen , Schadt Emilio , Kao Yu-Han , Gross Susan , Dolan Siobhan M , Stone Joanne , Schadt Eric , Li Li 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
We aimed to establish a comprehensive digital phenotype for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Current guidelines rely primarily on estimates of blood loss, which can be inaccurate and biased and ignore complementary information readily available in electronic medical records (EMR). Inaccurate and incomplete phenotyping contributes to ongoing challenges in tracking PPH outcomes, developing more accurate risk assessments, and identifying novel interventions.

Materials and Methods
We constructed a cohort of 71 944 deliveries from the Mount Sinai Health System. Estimates of postpartum blood loss, shifts in hematocrit, administration of uterotonics, surgical interventions, and diagnostic codes were combined to identify PPH, retrospectively. Clinical features were extracted from EMRs and mapped to common data models for maximum interoperability across hospitals. Blinded chart review was done by a physician on a subset of PPH and non-PPH patients and performance was compared to alternate PPH phenotypes. PPH was defined as clinical diagnosis of postpartum hemorrhage documented in the patient’s chart upon chart review.

Results
We identified 6639 PPH deliveries (9% prevalence) using our phenotype—more than 3 times as many as using blood loss alone (N = 1,747), supporting the need to incorporate other diagnostic and intervention data. Chart review revealed our phenotype had 89% accuracy and an F1-score of 0.92. Alternate phenotypes were less accurate, including a common blood loss-based definition (67%) and a previously published digital phenotype (74%).

Conclusion
We have developed a scalable, accurate, and valid digital phenotype that may be of significant use for tracking outcomes and ongoing clinical research to deliver better preventative interventions for PPH.
Shotgun proteomics of homogenate milk reveals dynamic changes in protein abundances between colostrum, transitional, and mature milk of swine
Authors: Bradshaw Christina V , Suarez Trujillo Aridany , Luecke Sarah M , Logan Lea D , Mohallem Rodrigo , Aryal Uma K , Stewart Kara R , Casey Theresa M , Minor Radiah C 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Milk is an easily digestible source of nutrients and bioactive factors, its composition reflects the neonate’s needs, and changes from colostrum to transitional and mature milk. Our objective was to measure milk fat, lactose, total carbohydrate, and protein content in parallel with global proteome of homogenate milk samples to characterize changes across the three phases of swine lactation. Milk samples were collected from multiparous sows (n = 9) on postnatal day 0 (D0; colostrum), 3 (D3; early transitional), 7 (D7; late transitional), and 14 (D14; mature). On D3, percent fat (16 ± 2.1) and lactose (3.8 ± 0.3) were higher (P &lt; 0.05) than on D0 (10 ± 3.9 and 1.5 ± 0.3, respectively). Levels of fat and lactose were not different between D3 and D14. Percent total protein decreased (P &lt; 0.05) between D0 (11 ± 2.1) and D3 (5 ± 0.7), but there was no significant change in percent protein between D3 and D14. Total carbohydrates increased (P &lt; 0.05) between D3 (944 ± 353 µg/mL) and D14 (1,150 ± 462 µg/mL). Quantitative proteomic analysis using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) of homogenate D0, D3, and D14 milk samples (n = 6) identified 772 protein groups which corresponded to 501 individual protein-coding genes. A total of 207 high confidence proteins were detected in n = 3 sows/day. Of the high confidence proteins, 81 proteins were common among all 3 days of lactation. Among the proteins that decreased between the days (false discovery rate; FDR &lt; 0.05) were multiple apolipoproteins and XDH which decreased between D0 to D3. Proteins that increased across the days (FDR &lt; 0.05) were complement factors and 14-3-3 proteins (YWHAQ, YWHAE). Our data provide a good characterization of milk proteome changes that likely reflect mammary function as well as the neonate’s phase-specific developmental needs. This data may be useful in developing approaches to enhance the health and welfare of swine.
International comparison of trends in cancer mortality: Japan has fallen behind in screening-related cancers
Authors: Katanoda Kota , Ito Yuri , Sobue Tomotaka 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
While the age-standardized mortality rate in Japan is decreasing for all cancers as a whole, this is not the case for some major site-specific cancers. We descriptively compared trends in all-cancer and site-specific cancer mortality in Japan and selected countries. Data on age-standardized cancer mortality rates in six countries (Japan, the USA, the UK, Canada, Australia and the Republic of Korea) in 1980–2016 were obtained from the World Health Organization mortality database. While stomach and liver cancer mortality rates in Japan and Korea were initially much higher than those in non-Asian countries, they have rapidly decreased over the long term. By contrast, colorectal, pancreatic and cervical cancer mortality rates in Japan, which were initially lower than those in other countries, have increased such that they are now similar or higher than the rates in non-Asian countries. For male lung cancer, Japan’s initially lower mortality rate is now comparable to that in non-Asian countries as a result of slower decline. Meanwhile, the mortality rate of female breast cancer in Japan and Korea has increased and is nearing the rates observed in non-Asian countries, which by contrast have shown a steady decrease. Thus, while Japan has been successful in reducing the burden of stomach and liver cancers, it is falling behind in reducing the mortality rate of screening-related cancers such as colorectal, female breast and cervical cancers. Control measures for these cancers need to be strengthened.
Habitat correlates of wild boar density and rooting along an environmental gradient
Authors: Ferretti Francesco , Lazzeri Lorenzo , Mori Emiliano , Cesaretti Gloria , Calosi Martina , Burrini Lucia , Fattorini Niccolò 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In wild ungulates, habitat choice usually is influenced by foraging constraints and predator avoidance, potentially leading to spatial variation of population density (e.g., greater densities in food rich or safer habitats). Assessing habitat-correlates of abundance and foraging activity in turn is important in understanding determinants of distribution. We assessed habitat correlates of presence, density, and rooting, for wild boar Sus scrofa, the most widespread ungulate in the world, in six protected areas of central Italy. We worked along an altitudinal gradient ranging from the coast to mountains, in late spring-summer 2019. We surveyed 617 sampling plots randomly placed onto study areas with tessellation stratified sampling, where we used fecal counts to estimate wild boar density and visually estimated the proportion of rooted area. Overall estimates of density and rooting (± standard error) varied from 3.5 ± 2.0 to 17.9 ± 5.4 individuals/km2 and from 1.4 ± 0.8% to 10.9 ± 1.1% of rooted ground. Density and rooting showed a moderate yet nonsignificant correlation across sites. Probability of presence, abundance, and rooting in sampling plots were higher in ecotone habitats (transition habitats between wooded and open areas). Topography did not influence boar presence or local abundance. Rooting increased with decreasing slope and rock cover, as well as increasing elevation, possibly due to soil supporting forage of higher nutritional quality. Our results support the importance of ecotone habitats for wild boar, emphasizing the role of these transitional areas in the period of nursing/weaning of offspring, as well as when crops are actively growing. Differences in overall estimates of rooting across study sites may depend on site-specific features (soil moisture and availability of alternative food resources). Future studies should test the correlation between inter-annual differences of rooting and changes in population density. Notwithstanding the latter, we identified significant ecological drivers of wild boar density and rooting activity.
Primary Nondural Central Nervous System Marginal ZoneB-Cell Lymphoma of the Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Type Mimicking CNS Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Sugita Yasuo , Hashimoto Go , Fukuda Kenji , Takahashi Kenji , Shioga Taro , Furuta Takuya , Arakawa Fumiko , Ohshima Koichi , Nakamura Hideo , Miyata Hajime , Watanabe Masashi , Kakita Akiyoshi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Marginal zone B-cell lymphomas (MZBCLs) are non-Hodgkin lymphomas arising from postgerminal center marginal zone B cells. MZBCLs are subclassified into extranodal, nodal, and splenic MZBCLs. Primary nondural central nervous system (CNS) MZBCLs of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type are among the extranodal examples. Their clinicopathological features are not well characterized. Therefore, the clinicopathological features of 8 primary nondural CNS MZBCLs of the MALT type were assessed to establish their pathological diagnostic criteria. Histologically, all cases of primary nondural CNS MZBCLs of the MALT type showed perivascular expansive monotonous proliferation of small atypical B lymphoid cells with plasma cell differentiation, low Ki-67 labeling index, and minimal invasion from the perivascular space. In addition, no vascular changes such as glomeruloid changes, obliterative fibrointimal proliferation, and intramural lymphocytic infiltration were seen. These key histological characteristics should be considered when diagnosing cases that are suspected to be primary nondural CNS MZBCLs of the MALT type. Additionally, regarding PCR for the detection of immunoglobulin heavy variable gene and T-cell receptor γ gene rearrangements, the former is detected, but the latter is not detected in all cases. Therefore, PCR detection including sequence analysis should be added when diagnosing difficult cases based on the key histological characteristics.
Nontraumatic liver herniation mimicking a right lower lobe lung mass
Authors: Samad Muhammad Adeel , Ali Annis , Shih-Della Penna Diane C , Tiedebohl Scott 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Nontraumatic liver herniation through diaphragm is a rare condition. We present a case of a 54-year-old female presenting with nontraumatic liver herniation mimicking a right lower lobe mass. Patient was noted to have growth of two right lower lobe lung nodules from 1.5 cm × 2.8 cm and 0.9 cm × 1.3 in August 2009 to 2.8 cm × 4.1 cm and 1.1 cm × 1.4 cm in March 2019 on computerized tomography (CT) scan. PET scan as well as the growth pattern was consistent with low-grade malignancy likely carcinoid tumor. CT-guided biopsy was not feasible because of location of the mass. We performed robotic thoracoscopy with plan for wedge resection, however gross inspection of the thoracic cavity revealed two masses on the dome of the diaphragm with appearance like liver and correlating with nodules seen on CT scan. A core needle biopsy showed that it was benign liver tissue.
Large-scale magnetic field saturation and the Elsasser number in rotating spherical dynamo models
Authors: Orvedahl Ryan J , Featherstone Nicholas A , Calkins Michael A 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Numerical simulations are used to investigate large-scale (mean) magnetic field generation in rotating spherical dynamos. Beyond a certain threshold, we find that the magnitude of the mean magnetic field becomes nearly independent of the system rotation rate and buoyancy forcing. The analysis suggests that this saturation arises from the Malkus-Proctor mechanism in which a Coriolis-Lorentz force balance is achieved in the zonal component of the mean momentum equation. When based on the large-scale magnetic field, the Elsasser number is near unity in the saturated regime. The results show that the large and small magnetic field saturate via distinct mechanisms in rapidly rotating dynamos, and that only the axisymmetric component of the magnetic field appears to follow an Elsasser number scaling.
Association of pre-ESKD hyponatremia with post-ESKD outcomes among incident ESKD patients
Authors: Marroquin Maria V , Sy John , Kleine Carola-Ellen , Oveyssi Justin , Hsiung Jui-Ting , Park Christina , Soohoo Melissa , Kovesdy Csaba P , Rhee Connie M , Streja Elani , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Tantisattamo Ekamol 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Hyponatremia is one of the most common electrolyte disturbances in advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients, and has been shown to be associated with higher mortality risk. However, the relationship between hyponatremia during late-stage CKD and the risk of poor outcomes after ESKD transition is unknown.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study including 32 257 US veterans transitioning to ESKD from 1 October 2007 to 30 March 2015. We evaluated adjusted associations between the 3-month averaged pre-transition to ESKD serum sodium and all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included cardiovascular (CV) mortality, infection-related mortalities and hospitalization rate.

Results
Cohort mean ± standard deviation serum sodium was 139 ± 3 mEq/L, mean age was 67 ± 11 years, 98% were male and 28% were African American. Over a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 702 days (296, 1301) there were 17 162 deaths. Compared with the reference of 135 to &lt;144 mEq/L, the lowest serum sodium group (&lt;130 mEq/L) had a 54% higher all-cause mortality risk [hazard ratio 1.54 (95% confidence interval 1.34–1.76)] in the fully adjusted model. Associations were similar for CV and infection-related mortality, and hospitalization outcomes.

Conclusions
Hyponatremia prior to ESKD transition is associated with higher risk of all-cause, CV and infection-related mortalities, and hospitalization rates after ESKD transition. Future studies evaluating management of pre-ESKD hyponatremia may be indicated to improve patient outcomes for those transitioning to ESKD.
Dialysis withdrawal in The Netherlands between 2000 and 2019: time trends, risk factors and centre variation
Authors: van Oevelen Mathijs , Abrahams Alferso C , Bos Willem Jan W , Hoekstra Tiny , Hemmelder Marc H , ten Dam Marc , van Buren Marjolijn 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Dialysis withdrawal is a common cause of death in dialysis-dependent patients. This study aims to describe dialysis withdrawal practice in The Netherlands, focussing on time trends, risk factors and centre variation.

Methods
Data were retrieved from the Dutch registry of kidney replacement therapy patients. All patients who started maintenance dialysis and died in the period 2000–2019 were included. The main outcome was death after dialysis withdrawal; all other causes of death were used for comparison. Time trends were analysed as unadjusted data (proportion per year) and the year of death was included in a multivariable logistic model. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify factors associated with withdrawal. Centre variation was compared using funnel plots.

Results
A total of 34 692 patients started dialysis and 18 412 patients died while on dialysis. Dialysis withdrawal was an increasingly common cause of death, increasing from 18.3% in 2000–2004 to 26.8% in 2015–2019. Of all patients withdrawing, 26.1% discontinued treatment within their first year. In multivariable analysis, increasing age, female sex, haemodialysis as a treatment modality and year of death were independent factors associated with death after dialysis withdrawal. Centre variation was large (80.7 and 57.4% within 95% control limits of the funnel plots for 2000–2009 and 2010–2019, respectively), even after adjustment for confounding factors.

Conclusions
Treatment withdrawal has become the main cause of death among dialysis-dependent patients in The Netherlands, with large variations between centres. These findings emphasize the need for timely advance care planning and improving the shared decision-making process on choosing dialysis or conservative care.
Validation of the Wave 1 and Wave 2 Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study Indicators of Tobacco Dependence Using Biomarkers of Nicotine Exposure Across Tobacco Products
Authors: Strong David R , Leas Eric , Noble Madison , White Martha , Glasser Allison , Taylor Kristie , Edwards Kathryn C , Frissell Kevin C , Compton Wilson M , Conway Kevin P , Lambert Elizabeth , Kimmel Heather L , Silveira Marushka L , Hull Lynn C , van Bemmel Dana , Schroeder Megan J , Cummings Kenneth Michael , Hyland Andrew , Feng June , Blount Benjamin , Wang Lanqing , Niaura Ray 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Introduction
This study examined the predictive relationships between biomarkers of nicotine exposure and 16-item self-reported level of tobacco dependence (TD) and subsequent tobacco use outcomes.

Aims and Methods
The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study surveyed adult current established tobacco users who provided urine biospecimens at Wave 1 (September 2013–December 2014) and completed the Wave 2 (October 2014–October 2015) interview (n = 6872). Mutually exclusive user groups at Wave 1 included: Cigarette Only, E-cigarette Only, Cigar Only, Hookah Only, Smokeless Tobacco Only, Cigarette Plus E-cigarette, multiple tobacco product users who smoked cigarettes, and multiple tobacco product users who did not smoke cigarettes. Total Nicotine Equivalents (TNE-2) and TD were measured at Wave 1. Approximate one-year outcomes included frequency/quantity used, quitting, and adding/switching to different tobacco products.

Results
For Cigarette Only smokers and multiple tobacco product users who smoked cigarettes, higher TD and TNE-2 were associated with: a tendency to smoke more, smoking more frequently over time, decreased likelihood of switching away from cigarettes, and decreased probability of quitting after one year. For other product user groups, Wave 1 TD and/or TNE-2 were less consistently related to changes in quantity and frequency of product use, or for adding or switching products, but higher TNE-2 was more consistently predictive of decreased probability of quitting.

Conclusions
Self-reported TD and nicotine exposure assess common and independent aspects of dependence in relation to tobacco use behaviors for cigarette smokers. For other product user groups, nicotine exposure is a more consistent predictor of quitting than self-reported TD.

Implications
This study suggests that smoking cigarettes leads to the most coherent pattern of associations consistent with a syndrome of TD. Because cigarettes continue to be prevalent and harmful, efforts to decrease their use may be accelerated via conventional means (eg, smoking cessation interventions and treatments), but also perhaps by decreasing their dependence potential. The implications for noncombustible tobacco products are less clear as the stability of tobacco use patterns that include products such as e-cigarettes continue to evolve. TD, nicotine exposure measures, and consumption could be used in studies that attempt to understand and predict product-specific tobacco use behavioral outcomes.
Trends, challenges, opportunities, and future needs of the dietetic workforce: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Blair Merran , Mitchell Lana , Palermo Claire , Gibson Simone 
Published: August 2021

AbstractContextIssues related to nutrition and health are prominent, yet it is unclear if the dietetics workforce is being used optimally.ObjectiveTrends, challenges, opportunities, and future needs of the international dietetic workforce are investigated in this review, which was registered with Open Science Framework (10.17605/OSF.IO/DXNWE).Data sourcesEight academic and 5 grey-literature databases and the Google search engine were searched from 2010 onward according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Of 2050 articles screened, 184 were eligible for inclusion.Data extractionTo chart data, a directed content analysis and a constant comparison technique were used.Data analysisThe following 13 themes were identified: 1) emerging or expanding areas of practice; 2) skill development; 3) economic considerations; 4) nutrition informatics; 5) diversity within the workforce; 6) specific areas of practice; 7) further education; 8) intrapersonal factors; 9) perceptions of the profession; 10) protecting the scope of practice; 11) support systems; 12) employment outcomes; and 13) registration or credentialing.ConclusionsThe dietetics profession is aware of the need to expand into diverse areas of employment. Comprehensive workforce data are necessary to facilitate workforce planning.
Transpalpebral Incision for Resection of an Ethmoidal Dural Arteriovenous Fistula: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Delavari Nader , Staffenberg David , Riina Howard 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Ethmoidal dural arteriovenous fistulas are vascular malformations with arterial supply from the anterior ethmoidal artery and ultimate drainage into the sagittal sinus.
1-3
They are characterized by a high risk of hemorrhage. Microsurgical disconnection of the fistula represents a safe and robust treatment option. Endovascular treatment requires catheterization of the ophthalmic artery and carries a risk of visual deficits. The supraorbital craniotomy provides an excellent corridor to the anterior skull base and is well suited for the treatment of ethmoidal dural arteriovenous fistulas. The supraorbital craniotomy may be performed through a transpalpebral “eyelid” incision. The transpalpebral incision allows for a well-hidden scar and does not have any associated hair loss, as can be seen with the eyebrow incision. The patient consented to the procedure and being videotaped.
Carotid Artery Angioplasty and Stenting: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Darwal Maureen A , Liebman Kenneth M , Binning Mandy J ,   Endovascular Neurosurgery Research Group (ENRG), Arthur Adam , Mark Bain , Bendock Bernard , Binning Mandy Jo , Boulos Alan S , Crowley Webster , Fessler Richard , Grande Andrew , Guterman Lee , Hanel Ricardo , Hoit Daniel , Hopkins L Nelson , Howington Jay , James Robert , Jankowitz Brian , Kan Peter , Khalessi Alex A , Kim Louis , Langer David , Lanzino Giuseppe , Levitt Michael , Levy Elad , Lopes Demetrius , Mack William , Mericle Robert , Mocco J , Ogilvy Chris , Pandey Aditya , Replogle Robert , Riina Howard , Ringer Andrew , Rodriguez Rafael , Saugaveau Eric , Schirmer Clemens , Siddiqui Adnan , Spiotta Alex , Sultan Ali , Tawk Rabih , Thomas Ajith , Turner Raymond , Veznedaroglu Erol , Welch Babu , White Jonathan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Carotid artery angioplasty and stenting (CAS) has been shown to be equally effective as carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for carotid stenosis in both symptomatic and asymptomatic disease.
1
In patients who are considered high risk for endarterectomy, CAS is safe and effective.
2
While this is a common procedure, proper technique is crucial to ensure that the procedure is safe with minimal risk of stroke. This patient consented to treatment. The following is a video detailing the CAS procedure in a 77-yr-old male with a symptomatic 65% carotid stenosis (by NASCET criteria
3
) in a patient with prior CEA.