bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transmissibility of COVID-19 among Vaccinated Individuals: A Rapid Literature Review - Update #1
Authors: Egunsola Oluwaseun , Mastikhina Liza , Dowsett Laura , Farkas Brenlea , Hofmeister Mark , Saxinger Lynora , Clement Fiona 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis is an update of a previous report that examined literature published up to March 11th, 2021. Sixteen additional studies have been included in this update. The objective of this report is to identify comparative observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in reducing forward transmission from vaccinated people, and studies examining the biological plausibility of vaccination-induced transmission reduction.MethodA search of databases, MEDLINE, Embase, L-OVE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was conducted to identify RCTs or comparative observational studies evaluating the efficacy and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in the prevention of transmission, asymptomatic infections and transmissibility of COVID-19 among vaccinated persons. An additional search of grey literature was conducted. This search is current to May 4th, 2021.ResultsIn this update, 16 additional studies, including 9 human and 7 animal studies, were included. Therefore, this review examines a total of 33 included studies: 21 human studies and 12 preclinical animal studies. Evidence from two large household surveillance studies from the UK suggests that a single or full dose of AstraZeneca (AZ) and Pfizer-BioNtech (PfBnT) vaccines may prevent household transmission of COVID-19 after 14 days of vaccination by up to 54%. The AZ vaccine trials in the general population suggest that an initial low dose followed by a standard dose may provide up to 59% protection against asymptomatic or unknown infection, although efficacy against these outcomes was not demonstrated following two standard doses. PfBnT vaccine observational studies in the general population suggest up to 90% effectiveness against asymptomatic infection after seven or more days of full dose vaccination. Up to 75% effectiveness against asymptomatic infection was reported after full- dose in healthcare workers. Across RCTs examining asymptomatic infection in the general population, one dose of Moderna was shown to provide an efficacy of 61.4% against asymptomatic infection 21 days after the first dose; in another trial, the J&J vaccine had an efficacy of 74% 28 days after the first dose. Lastly, seven of eight studies found significantly increased cycle threshold, suggestive of lower viral load, in PfBnT or AZ vaccinated individuals compared with those who were unvaccinated.ConclusionThe AZ and PfBnT vaccines may prevent household transmission of COVID-19 after 14 days of vaccination. More studies have found the vaccines to significantly reduce the risk of asymptomatic infection and significantly increase cycle threshold, suggestive of lower viral load. Further research is needed to evaluate post-vaccination infectivity and transmission of both the wild type COVID-19 virus and the variants of concern from other jurisdictions.
The diverse effects of phenotypic dominance on hybrid fitness
Authors: Schneemann Hilde , Munzur Aslı D. , Thompson Ken A. , Welch John J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhen divergent populations interbreed, their alleles are brought together in hybrids. These hybrids may express novel phenotypes, not previously exposed to selection. In the initial F1 cross, most divergent alleles are present as heterozygotes. Therefore, F1 fitness can be influenced by dominance effects that first appear together in the hybrids, and so could not have been selected to function well together. We present a systematic study of these F1 dominance effects by introducing variable phenotypic dominance into Fisher’s geometric model. We show that dominance often reduces hybrid fitness, which can lead to patterns of optimal outbreeding and a steady decline in F1 fitness at high levels of divergence. We also show that “lucky” beneficial effects sometimes arise by chance, which might be especially important when hybrids can access novel environments. We then explore the interaction of phenotypic dominance with uniparental inheritance, showing that dominance can lead to violations of Haldane’s Rule (reduced fitness of the heterogametic sex) while strengthening Darwin’s Corollary (fitness differences between cross directions). Taken together, our results show that dominance could play an important role in the outcomes of hybridisation after secondary contact, and thus to the maintenance or collapse of isolating barriers. Nevertheless, the telltale signs of dominance are relatively few and subtle. Results also suggest that dominance effects are smaller than the cost of segregation variance, implying that simple additive models may still give good predictions for later-generation recombinant hybrids, even when dominance qualitatively alters outcomes for the F1.
BBB damage in aging causes brain iron deposits via astrocyte-neuron crosstalk and Hepc/Fpn1 pathway
Authors: Mezzanotte Mariarosa , Ammirata Giorgia , Boido Marina , Stanga Serena , Roetto Antonella 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDuring aging, iron accumulates in brain’s regions vulnerable to neurodegeneration: the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus. However, the mechanism of iron regulation in the brain remains scarce. Here, we demonstrated for the first time the involvement of the Hepcidin/Ferroportin1 pathway in brain iron metabolism during aging.We demonstrated the alteration of BBB integrity, that leads to increased iron permeability and deregulation of iron homeostasis during aging. We found that brain iron overload drives Hepcidin upregulation and, consequently, the inhibition of the iron exporter Ferroportin1, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Moreover, both in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus Ferroportin1 colocalizes with astrocytes, while the iron storage protein ferritin light-chain with neurons. This differential distribution suggests that astrocytes mediate iron shuttling and neurons are unable to metabolize it. Furthermore, we observed NCOA4-dependent ferritinophagy of ferritin heavy-chain isoforms determining the increase of light-chain enriched ferritin heteropolymers that are more efficient as iron chelators. Altogether, these data highlight the involvement of the Hepcidin/Ferroportin1 axis and NCOA4 during mice aging as a response to a higher iron influx to the brain.
Developing engineering students' capabilities through game-based virtual reality technology for building utility inspection
Authors: Beh Huai Jian , Rashidi Ali , Talei Amin , Lee Yee Sye 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThe construction site operates under a hazardous environment that requires a high level of understanding in building systems to minimise accidents. However, the current building education generally adopts paper-based learning approaches that lack hands-on experiences. Furthermore, to achieve Industrial Revolution 4.0 in line with any unforeseen pandemic, the most optimum solution is to transition from physical to technological-based building education. This paper aims to address the problems by proposing a game-based virtual reality (GBVR) for building utility inspection training.Design/methodology/approachThe feasibility of the GBVR for building the utility inspection training approach is validated on a sample of undergraduate engineering students through user experience (survey) and performance-based comparisons against traditional paper-based training method.FindingsThe results show that the developed GBVR training has higher system usability in terms of visual output and knowledge retention than paper-based training due to visualisation technologies. The GBVR training method has also higher user-friendliness because of the higher motivational and engagement factors through the adoption of virtual reality and game-based learning.Research limitations/implicationsGBVR training required a longer training duration and achieved a lower performance score (effectiveness) but can be improved by transitioning into hands-on tasks. This study has the potentials to be extended to vocational training platforms for competency development in the construction workforce by using cutting-edge extended reality technologies.Originality/valueThis paper portrays the benefits of integrating virtual reality technology in building education to overcome the low practicality and engagement of paper-based training.
Employability tautological trauma
Authors: Cuthbert Carol Elaine , Skae F. Owen 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThis paper explores the institutional and economic drivers of employability, as existing literature focuses on the individual and skills aspects, of employability. Tertiary institutions, possessing a strong academic reputation and standing amongst potential employers, will achieve high graduate employability, however when measured, this is not the case.Design/methodology/approachThis exploratory study builds on Santos' career boundary theory, recognising organisational boundaries; those related to the labour market, personal-aspects and finally, cultural boundaries (Santos, 2020). 37 Universities that provided their employability rate, within 12 months of graduation for 2020, are analysed. The Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) Ranking, measures drivers in terms of institutional reputation through survey responses, and partnerships with employers via research and placement data.FindingsThe regression explained 19% of the variation between the number of graduates being employed and the institutional and economic drivers. Universities in the same economic context, do not have the same number of employed students. Equally, those universities with the most favourable academic reputation, do not have the most employed student rate.Research limitations/implicationsOnly 37 universities provided all their employability data, thus, research with a larger sample will have to be conducted, but equally more needs to be done to establish why the smaller universities are unable to submit all the required data.Originality/valueAn exploratory understanding of the institutional and economic drivers of employability, is provided.
Understanding political influences on Southeast Asia's development experience
Authors: Perkins Dwight 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThe per capita GDP of the countries of Southeast Asia (SEA) varies from less than $5,000 to over $97,000. This paper aims to analyze the political factors behind such variation, such as wars, extreme politics, political instability, and kleptocratic governments and leaders, and how they affect the development experience within the region.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses the comparative political economy analysis approach to make a comparison among SEA countries using knowledge from well-known political–economic history and development data from World Development Indicators provided by World Bank.FindingsA long period of political stability creates a favorable environment for investment that, in return, stimulates sustained economic growth in SEA. The countries have all grown rapidly, but their experience of development varies. The four countries that avoided political extremes (Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand and Brunei) have the highest per capita incomes today. Those that have had long periods of war and political instability, but which have also had substantial periods of stability (Indonesia, Vietnam and the Philippines), come next. Cambodia and Laos have suffered long periods of war and are the least developed. Myanmar’s military rulers, through civil wars and kleptocratic mismanagement of the economy, have prevented growth much of the time.Originality/valueMost studies of Southeast Asian growth have analyzed the experience of single countries and missed the central role played by extreme politics, including wars, to explain why some countries have much higher per capita incomes than others. This paper is expected to fill this gap.
Obstetrics services in Malaysia: factors influencing patient loyalty
Authors: Yeo Sook Fern , Tan Cheng Ling , Goh Yen-Nee 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the link of functional service quality (hospital’s reputation, administrative procedures, trustworthiness, patient-care provider relationship and waiting time), satisfaction and patient loyalty on the obstetrics services in private health-care in Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 419 mothers who had obtained obstetrics services had participated in this study in a continuous and coordinated manner. The study was conducted in 10 private hospitals in Malaysia throughout April 2018.

Findings
Results show that providing excellent service had increased the level of patient satisfaction and achieved patient loyalty. Patients tend to switch to other obstetricians if they are unhappy with the current services that are being offered. The findings showed that patient satisfaction was found to be mediating the relationship between hospital reputation and patient loyalty; trustworthiness and patient loyalty; patient care relationship and patient loyalty; and waiting time and patient loyalty. However, this study also found that administrative procedures do not influence patient satisfaction significantly.

Practical implications
The outcome of this study able to assist the management of the private hospitals to have more operational and practical strategies that would enhance their service quality for the betterment in their services for their patients in this competitive industry.

Originality/value
This paper provides patients’ perception of their loyalty towards obstetrics services offered by private hospitals in Malaysia.
Research on the interactive operations research model of e-commerce tourism resources business based on big data and circular economy concept
Authors: Yang Wenhua , Lin Yigang 
Published: July 2021

PurposeIn the context of circular economy, tourism resources development and integrated marketing need to interact with multiple businesses, data processing with big data technology, and in the information age, the best means of integrated marketing is to integrate business through an information platform. The research purpose of this article is to improve the intelligence of the tourism platform by constructing an OR model, integrate information and improve the data processing effect in an all-round way through data mining.Design/methodology/approachThis study builds the business interaction in the form of OR (operations research model) model and combines this model with the e-commerce platform to build an online travel consumption model based on the user's online operation mode.FindingsWith the development of the times and the upgrading of industries, tourism and other industries have provided new tourism resources and tourism methods for human beings by virtue of the beautiful environment, special experiences and colorful stories and related industries have been related to the tourism industry based on natural resources, customs and folklore and agricultural experiences. By identifying important nodes with high connectivity in the social network, the weighted centrality algorithm can mine the importance of interest tags.Originality/valueIn addition, this research builds a test platform for model performance analysis and integrates various factors. The results show that the model constructed in this study can further promote the development of tourism, improve the efficiency of tourism resources, provide marketing effects and meet the circular economy theory.
The moderating effect of organizational culture type on the relationship between cultural satisfaction and employee referral intention: mining employee reviews on glassdoor.com
Authors: Seo Jaekyo , Lee Suhyung 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThis paper explores how organizational culture type and cultural satisfaction are associated with employee referral intention.Design/methodology/approachA total of 1,789 online reviews on glassdoor.com of nine companies from the three industries were collected. Applying directed content analysis based on the competing values framework (CVF) to identify the organizational culture type that employees perceived, the authors conducted a hierarchical logistic regression analysis to test the proposed hypotheses.FindingsCultural satisfaction significantly increased the probability of employee referral intention. However, the moderating effect of organizational culture type on the relationship between cultural satisfaction and employee referral intention was not statistically significant.Research limitations/implicationsDirect content analysis is beneficial for capturing the dominant organizational culture type that employees perceive through online reviews created by employees. However, this method prevents this study from fully enjoying the benefits of big data even though this study collected data from a big data source.Practical implicationsThe authors’ findings imply that cultural satisfaction plays a more important role in organizational outcomes than culture type itself. Thus, when managers and practitioners plan to change culture, they need to establish organizational culture aligned with organizational strategies and consider how to increase cultural satisfaction.Originality/valueMany organizational culture studies have usually focused on exploring organizational culture type to impact organizational outcomes considering culture perception as cultural satisfaction. This study created empirical evidence of the role of cultural satisfaction in organizational outcomes such as employee referral intention by exploring the interaction effect of organizational culture type and cultural satisfaction.
Four great Asian trade collapses
Authors: de Bromhead Alan , Fernihough Alan , Lampe Markus , O'Rourke Kevin Hjortshøj 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper introduces a new dataset of commodity‐specific, bilateral import data for four large Asian economies in the interwar period: China, the Dutch East Indies, India and Japan. It uses these data to describe the interwar trade collapses in the economies concerned. These resembled the post‐2008 Great Trade Collapse in some respects but not in others: they occurred along the intensive margin, imports of cars were particularly badly affected, and imports of durable goods fell by more than those of non‐durables, except in China and India which were rapidly industrialising. On the other hand the import declines were geographically imbalanced, while prices were more important than quantities in driving the overall collapse.
Skin and poison glands in toads (Rhinella) and their role in defence and water balance
Authors: Mailho‐Fontana Pedro Luiz , Titon Braz , Antoniazzi Marta Maria , Gomes Fernando Ribeiro , Jared Carlos 
Published: July 2021

AbstractToads are considered poisonous animals since they have a passive mode of defence relying on cutaneous poison glands, differently from venomous animals who can inject venom in predators/aggressors or prey. Toads of Rhinella marina group are generally large and have a broad distribution in South America, inhabiting a wide range of environments. In this paper, we studied the toads Rhinella icterica from the Atlantic rainforest, and Rhinella jimi from the Brazilian Semiarid Caatinga, analysing aspects of natural history and comparing their skin morphology, the presence of macroglands, their resistance to water loss and rates of water uptake. In periods of extreme drought, R. jimi uses rock cracks as refuges, exposing only the head and regions of accumulation of poison glands. The skin of R. jimi showed higher number of poison glands with hydrophilic content than R. icterica. R. jimi also had a thicker skin, which can be related to its superior resistance to water loss. It also showed high rates of rehydration in association with a peculiar behaviour using the limbs to spread water onto highly glandular skin areas, suggesting that poison glands may also act in water balance in addition to chemical defence.
The role of social belonging and exclusion at school and the teacher–student relationship for the development of learned helplessness in adolescents
Authors: Raufelder Diana , Kulakow Stefan 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundBased on learned helplessness theory and conservation of resources theory, the present study explores the role of schools’ social environments (i.e., school belonging, school exclusion, and teacher–student relationships) as potential buffers and amplifiers in students’ development of learned helplessness during adolescence.AimsWe examine whether school belonging, school exclusion, and teacher–student relationship moderate the longitudinal association of learned helplessness differently for students from low‐track schools and high‐track schools.SampleThe study uses a sample of N = 1,088 (Mage = 13.70, SD = 0.53; 54% girls) adolescent students who participated in a two‐wave longitudinal study.MethodsWe conducted latent moderated structural equation modelling to examine whether school belonging, school exclusion, and teacher–student relationship moderate the longitudinal association of learned helplessness differently for students from low‐track schools and high‐track schools.ResultsThe moderation analyses revealed that students from both school tracks are differently affected by school belonging and school exclusion in their development of learned helplessness. Teacher–student relationship did not moderate the association.ConclusionOur findings underline the important role of the social environment in students’ development of learned helplessness. Particularly, the differential effects found for the different educational tracks highlight the necessary awareness of educators to interindividual differences of their students.
Hierarchical distribution of somatic variants in newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukaemia at diagnosis and early follow‐up
Authors: Romzova Marianna , Smitalova Dagmar , Hynst Jakub , Tom Nikola , Loja Tomas , Herudkova Zdenka , Jurcek Tomas , Stejskal Lukas , Zackova Daniela , Mayer Jiri , Racil Zdenek , Culen Martin 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThere is an emerging body of evidence that patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) may carry not only breakpoint cluster region‐Abelson murine leukaemia viral oncogene homologue 1 (BCR‐ABL1) kinase domain mutations (BCR‐ABL1 KD mutations), but also mutations in other genes. Their occurrence is highest during progression or at failure, but their impact at diagnosis is unclear. In the present study, we prospectively screened for mutations in 18 myeloid neoplasm‐associated genes and BCR‐ABL1 KD in the following populations: bulk leucocytes, CD34+CD38+ progenitors and CD34+CD38– stem cells, at diagnosis and early follow‐up. In our cohort of chronic phase CML patients, nine of 49 patients harboured somatic mutations in the following genes: six ASXL1 mutations, one SETBP1, one TP53, one JAK2, but no BCR‐ABL1 KD mutations. In seven of the nine patients, mutations were detected in multiple hierarchical populations including bulk leucocytes at diagnosis. The mutation dynamics reflected the BCR‐ABL1 transcript decline induced by treatment in eight of the nine cases, suggesting that mutations were acquired in the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)‐positive clone. In one patient, the JAK2 V617F mutation correlated with a concomitant Ph‐negative myeloproliferative neoplasm and persisted despite a 5‐log reduction of the BCR‐ABL1 transcript. Only two of the nine patients with mutations failed first‐line therapy. No correlation was found between the mutation status and survival or response outcomes.