bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful management of acquired hemophilia A onset during pregnancy: A case report
Authors: Nishi Akane , Muramatsu Ayako , Maeda Eiko , Kobayashi Tsutomu , Waratani Miyoko , Kitawaki Jo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAcquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare bleeding disorder caused by autoantibodies that inhibit coagulation factor VIII. Pregnancy could be associated with AHA in younger women. Because of its rarity, the optimal management for pregnancy‐related AHA has not yet been established. Herein, we present the case of a 32‐year‐old woman with AHA diagnosed during pregnancy because of elevated activated partial prothrombin time, decreased factor VIII activity, and the presence of a factor VIII inhibitor. She was treated with immunosuppressive therapy consisting of corticosteroid and cyclosporine administration. Although complete remission could not be induced in the peripartum period, she gave birth safely by cesarean delivery in combination with prophylactic bypass hemostatic therapy. This work would provide helpful information to guide better recognition and treatment of pregnancy‐related AHA cases.
Behind the Stigma Shield: Frontline Employees’ Emotional Response to Organizational Event Stigma at Work and at Home
Authors: Frandsen Sanne , Morsing Mette 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe investigate how frontline employees manage their emotional experiences of organizational event stigma as an implication of organizational wrongdoing. Our research is based on a longitudinal case study of Danske Bank, which was involved in a money laundering scandal of historical magnitude. We evoke Goffman’s epistemological understanding of stigma as arising in social interactions in all aspects of life. We analyse the emotionally straining spill‐over effects of stigmatization at home, as event stigma blurs individuals’ work–home boundaries. Our study shows how frontline employees develop a ‘stigma shield’, that is, emotional detachment strategies used at work and at home to protect against the negative implications of event stigmatization and maintain their organizational pride and loyalty. Interestingly, we find that the stigma shield enables identity protection rather than identity restructuring in response to the identity threat posed by the scandal. We contribute to the literature on organizational event stigma and identity threat by offering a theoretical lens focusing on individual‐level emotional responses to ‘felt’ stigmatization among frontline employees in an organization facing scandal.
Empathy and authenticity online: The roles of moral identity, moral disengagement, and parenting style
Authors: Morgan Blaire , Fowers Blaine 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesResearch suggests that the Internet could be considered an arena for both virtuous and vicious behaviors, with observations of enhanced perspective‐taking and honest self‐reflections occurring alongside evidence of cyberbullying and deceptive communications. In the current study, we explore the role of three widely recognized sources of moral behavior—moral identity, moral disengagement, and authoritative parenting—in predicting adolescents’ online empathy and online authenticity.MethodIn total, 788 UK adolescents aged 11–18 years (66% male) completed measures of these key constructs.ResultsStructural equation modeling results suggest that parental responsiveness and autonomy granting are positively related to adolescents’ moral identity. In turn, moral identity was positively related to both online empathy and online authenticity. Having a stronger moral identity also meant that adolescents were less likely to morally disengage, and moral disengagement was negatively related to online authenticity in adolescent females. Partial invariance across gender and age was observed.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that moral identity encourages moral thoughts, feelings, and actions in the online environment, including being authentic and empathic. As the formation and accessibility of one's moral identity can be promoted, we discuss the implications of these findings for cultivating prosocial behavior in the online environment as well as future research avenues.
Are social desirability scales desirable? A meta‐analytic test of the validity of social desirability scales in the context of prosocial behavior
Authors: Lanz Lukas , Thielmann Isabel , Gerpott Fabiola H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSocial desirability (SD) scales have been used for decades in psychology and beyond. These scales are sought to measure individuals' tendencies to present themselves overly positive in self‐reports, thus allowing to control for SD biases. However, research increasingly questions the validity of SD scales, proposing that SD scales measure substantive trait characteristics rather than response bias. To provide a large‐scale empirical test of the validity of SD scales, we conducted a meta‐analysis (k = 41; N = 8980) on the relation between SD scale scores and prosocial behavior in economic games (where acting in a prosocial manner is highly socially desirable). If SD scales measure what they are supposed to (namely, SD bias), they should be negatively linked to prosocial behavior; if SD scales measure socially desirable traits, they should be positively linked to prosocial behavior. Unlike both possibilities, the meta‐analytic correlation between SD scores and prosocial behavior was close to zero, suggesting that SD scales neither clearly measure bias nor substantive traits. This conclusion was also supported by moderation analyses considering differences in the implementation of games and the SD scales used. The results further question the validity of SD scales with the implication that scholars and practitioners should refrain from using them.
Big Five personality traits and academic performance: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Mammadov Sakhavat 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjective and MethodThis meta‐analysis reports the most comprehensive assessment to date of the strength of the relationships between the Big Five personality traits and academic performance by synthesizing 267 independent samples (N = 413,074) in 228 unique studies. It also examined the incremental validity of personality traits above and beyond cognitive ability in predicting academic performance.ResultsThe combined effect of cognitive ability and personality traits explained 27.8% of the variance in academic performance. Cognitive ability was the most important predictor with a relative importance of 64%. Conscientiousness emerged as a strong and robust predictor of performance, even when controlling for cognitive ability, and accounted for 28% of the explained variance in academic performance. A significant moderating effect of education level was observed. The relationship of academic performance with openness, extraversion, and agreeableness demonstrated significantly larger effect sizes at the elementary/middle school level compared to the subsequent levels. Openness, despite its weak overall relative importance, was found to be an important determinant of student performance in the early years of school.ConclusionThese findings reaffirm the critical role of personality traits in explaining academic performance through the most comprehensive assessment yet of these relationships.
Prevalence of subclinical bactibilia in apparently healthy shelter dogs
Authors: Verwey E. , Gal A. , Kettner F. , Botha W. J. , Pazzi P. 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of subclinical bactibilia in apparently healthy shelter dogs and characterise serum liver enzymes activities, hepatobiliary histopathology and bile cytology in apparently healthy dogs with and without bactibilia.Materials and MethodsHealthy, abandoned dogs euthanased for non‐medical reasons were prospectively recruited for this cross‐sectional study. Whole blood, collected immediately before euthanasia, was submitted for serum liver enzyme activity (alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and gamma‐glutamyl transferase) analyses. Bile, gall bladder and liver samples were collected aseptically from dogs within 25 minutes of euthanasia. Bile was submitted for bacterial culture and cytology in all dogs. Gall bladder and liver samples were submitted for histopathological examination in bactibilic dogs and nine randomly selected non‐bactibilic dogs.ResultsSixty‐five healthy dogs were included in this study. Bactibilia was diagnosed in 10.8% (7/65) of dogs, with 9.2% (6/65) of dogs diagnosed on cytological examination and 4.6% (3/65) on culture. Elevated alanine aminotransferase activities were present in one bactibilic and five non‐bactibilic dogs; and elevated gamma‐glutamyl transferase activities in one bactibilic and two non‐bactibilic dogs. No dogs had elevated alkaline phosphatase activities. Histopathological changes in bactibilic and non‐bactibilic dogs included lymphoplasmocellular cholecystitis (7/7 and 9/9), gall bladder oedema (7/7 and 9/9), hepatic vacuolar degeneration (6/7 and 8/9), cholangitis (5/7 and 7/9), hepatic nodular hyperplasia (3/7 and 5/9) and hepatic cholestasis (2/7 and 4/9).Clinical SignificanceThis study confirms that subclinical bactibilia occurs in a small number of apparently healthy shelter dogs and that subclinical hepatobiliary histopathological abnormalities can occur in apparently healthy bactibilic and non‐bactibilic dogs.
More than a sovereign symbol? The public reception of the early monumental statues of Atatürk in Turkey
Authors: Güçler Arda , Gür Faik 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe early monumental statues of Atatürk in Turkey have so far been studied from the perspective of the state and its ambition to disseminate a national consciousness. While this state‐centric approach has been helpful to understand the role of symbolism in nation‐building, it ends up reducing people to a passive recipient of symbolic indoctrination. We, in contrast, approach public perception as an active component in the discursive construction of these monuments over time. We first analyse the period until the death of Atatürk in 1938 during which the democratic possibility of conflicting with the official narrative remained quite minimal. We then look at the aftermath of Atatürk's death, which coincides with the introduction of the multiparty democracy in Turkey where there were more critical engagements with these monuments, particularly by the right‐wing constituents and politicians. We conclude that such resistance was still discursively bound by the nationalist context within which it operated. Our analysis of the politics of symbolism in Turkey taps into the theoretical works of Hanna Pitkin and Warren Breckman.
Global prevalence of turnover intention among intensive care nurses: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Xu Guoilian , Zeng Xiaoying , Wu Xiaohua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundNurse turnover is considered a major cause of nurse shortage, representing problems for health care systems in terms of both quality and cost of care for patients, and intention to leave is the strongest practical predictor variable of actual turnover.AimThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aims at exploring the global prevalence of turnover intention in intensive care nurses.DesignThis was a systematic literature review.MethodsA systematic review of empirical quantitative studies on turnover intention in nurses of intensive care units (ICUs), published in English till March 2021, was conducted. The databases PubMed, Embase, ISI Web of Knowledge, and CINAHL were searched. Eligible studies were observational or descriptive studies that reported the prevalence of turnover intention among nurses in all types of ICUs. The quality of studies was assessed using a modified Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. A random effect meta‐analysis was conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of turnover intention among ICU nurses.ResultsWe identified 18 cross‐sectional studies investigating a total of 23 140 intensive care nurses from 23 countries. The intention to leave rate was ranged from 3.0% to 75.0%. The pooled prevalence of turnover intention was 27.7% (95% confidence interval: 21.6%‐34.3%).ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis showed that more than 27% of the intensive care nurses had the intention to leave worldwide. In the current context of nursing shortage, efforts should be made to improve conditions for this important group of care providers.Relevance to clinical practiceThe prevalence of turnover intention is relatively high among intensive care nurses. Nurse managers should take this intention seriously, as the intention to leave may lead to an actual decision to leave the profession.
Econometric Modelling of Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Concentrations, Ambient Temperatures and Ocean Deoxygenation
Authors: Bhargava Alok 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper analysed several longitudinal data sets for investigating the dynamic inter-relationships between CO2 emissions and atmospheric concentrations, ambient temperatures and ocean acidification and deoxygenation. The methodological framework addressed issues such as the use of temperature ‘anomalies’, diffusion of CO2 to atmospheric stations, distributional misspecification and non-stationarity of errors affecting empirical models, and use of spline functions for modelling trends in temperatures. Longitudinal data on CO2 emissions for 163 countries and atmospheric CO2 concentrations at 10 stations, ambient temperatures from over 8,500 weather stations and seawater composition from over 380,000 oceanographic stations were analysed for 1985–2018 by estimating dynamic random effects models using maximum likelihood methods. The main findings were that CO2 emissions exhibited rapid upward trends at the country level, while minimum and maximum temperatures showed cyclical patterns; economic activity and population levels were associated with higher CO2 emissions. Second, there were gradual upward trends in annual and seasonal temperatures compiled at weather stations, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations were significantly associated with higher temperatures in the hemispheres. Third, there was a steady decline in dissolved oxygen levels, and the interactive effects of water temperatures and pH levels were significant. Overall, the results underscore the benefits of reducing CO2 emissions for ambient temperatures and for ocean deoxygenation. Synergies between CO2 emissions, ambient temperatures and ocean acidification are likely to exacerbate the melting of polar ice.
Close Error, Visual Perception, and Neural Phase: A Critique of the Modal Approach to Knowledge
Authors: Bricker Adam Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe distinction between true belief and knowledge is one of the most fundamental in philosophy, and a remarkable effort has been dedicated to formulating the conditions on which true belief constitutes knowledge. For decades, much of this epistemological undertaking has been dominated by a single strategy, referred to here as the modal approach. Shared by many of the most widely influential constraints on knowledge, including the sensitivity, safety, and anti‐luck/risk conditions, this approach rests on a key underlying assumption — the modal profiles available to known and unknown beliefs are in some way asymmetrical. The first aim of this paper is to deconstruct this assumption, identifying its plausibility with the way in which epistemologists frequently conceptualize human perceptual systems as excluding certain varieties of close error under conditions conducive to knowledge acquisition. The second aim of this paper is to then argue that a neural phase phenomenon indicates that this conceptualization is quite likely mistaken. This argument builds on the previous introduction of this neural phase to the context of epistemology, expanding the use of neural phase cases beyond relatively narrow questions about epistemic luck to a much more expansive critique of the modal approach as a whole.
HIV transmission through living donor kidney transplant: An 11‐year follow‐up on the recipient and donor
Authors: Pereira Marcus R. , Dube Geoffrey K. , Tatem Luis , Burack Daniel , Crew Russell J. , Cohen David J. , Ratner Lloyd E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHIV transmission via solid organ transplant is a rare but serious complication. Here, we describe long‐term outcomes in a case of living donor‐derived transmission of HIV in a kidney transplant recipient. After 11 years since transplant surgery, the donor shows no evidence of abnormal renal function, while the recipient continues to have a functioning graft. HIV is well controlled in both individuals. This single case report highlights the possibility of acceptable long‐term outcomes in living kidney donors with HIV as well as in donor‐derived HIV transmission to kidney transplant recipients.
Assessment the knowledge of blood transfusion in Iranian nurses of Tehran's hospitals
Authors: Yami Amir , Darbandi Arezoo , Saber Esmaeil , Tabrizi Namini Mehdi , Gharehbaghian Ahmad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the knowledge of nurses about pre and post blood transfusion processes.BackgroundTo ensure a safe blood transfusion, apart from the role of blood banking to perform safe donation, attention must be paid to equally important but rather neglected factors including nursing practice and knowledge of blood transfusion.Method and materialsData was collected using a valid blood transfusion questionnaire consisting of 43 questions. We analysed data using SPSS 22. Percentages and analytical statistics such as Mann–Whitney, Kruskal‐Wallis were used to report the results. The significant level of p‐value was assumed to be <0.05.ResultsIn this study, 325 nurses participated and their knowledge scores ranged from 24% to 85% (mean 56.16, standard deviation: 5.92) and the majority of nurses lacked knowledge in pre‐transfusion activities. The analysis also revealed there was a significant correlation between the knowledge score and academic degree. Out of all nurses, 48% (N = 156) declared that they need further training in haemovigilance. As the minimum and maximum scored questions, it was revealed that only 39 nurses (12%) have enough knowledge to act properly in case of ambiguous orders; on the other hand, 94% (N = 304) have sufficient knowledge of the agents administered with transfusion. A large proportion of the involved nurses are unaware of the risk of improper identification.ConclusionAll the efforts taken to prepare a safe and matched blood unit would be futile by inattentive administration of blood. That is why mandatory ongoing blood transfusion training for nurses is required urgently.
Expected individual benefit of prophylactic platelet transfusions in hemato‐oncology patients based on bleeding risks
Authors: Cornelissen Loes L. , Caram‐Deelder Camila , Fustolo‐Gunnink Susanna F. , Groenwold Rolf H. H. , Stanworth Simon J. , Zwaginga Jaap Jan , van der Bom Johanna G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundProphylactic platelet transfusions prevent bleeding in hemato‐oncology patients, but it is unclear how any benefit varies between patients. Our aim was to assess if patients with different baseline risks for bleeding benefit differently from a prophylactic platelet transfusion strategy.Study design and methodsUsing the data from the randomized controlled TOPPS trial (Trial of Platelet Prophylaxis), we developed a prediction model for World Health Organization grades 2, 3, and 4 bleeding risk (defined as at least one bleeding episode in a 30 days period) and grouped patients in four risk‐quartiles based on this predicted baseline risk. Predictors in the model were baseline platelet count, age, diagnosis, disease modifying treatment, disease status, previous stem cell transplantation, and the randomization arm.ResultsThe model had a c‐statistic of 0.58 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54–0.64). There was little variation in predicted risks (quartiles 46%, 47%, and 51%), but prophylactic platelet transfusions gave a risk reduction in all risk quartiles. The absolute risk difference (ARD) was 3.4% (CI −12.2 to 18.9) in the lowest risk quartile (quartile 1), 7.4% (95% CI −8.4 to 23.3) in quartile 2, 6.8% (95% CI −9.1 to 22.9) in quartile 3, and 12.8% (CI −3.1 to 28.7) in the highest risk quartile (quartile 4).ConclusionIn our study, generally accepted bleeding risk predictors had limited predictive power (expressed by the low c‐statistic), and, given the wide confidence intervals of predicted ARD, could not aid in identifying subgroups of patients who might benefit more (or less) from prophylactic platelet transfusion.
Online First-Order Machining Error Compensation for Thin-Walled Parts Considering Time-Varying Cutting Condition
Authors: Zhao Xiong , Zheng Lianyu , Zhang Yuehong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Mirror error compensation is usually used to improve the machining precision of thin-walled parts. However, due to the time-varying cutting condition of thin-walled parts, this zero-order method may result in inadequate error compensation. To cope with this problem, an online first-order error compensation method is proposed for thin-walled parts. With this context, first, the time-varying cutting condition of thin-walled parts is defined with its in-process geometric and physical characteristics. Based on it, a first-order machining error compensation model is constructed. Then, before process starting, the theory geometric and physical characteristics of thin-walled parts are, respectively, obtained with CAM software and structure dynamic modification theory. After process performing, the real geometric characteristic of thin-walled parts is measured, and it is used to calculate the dimension error of thin-walled parts. Next, the error compensated value is evaluated to construct an error compensation surface, which is used to modify the tool center points of next process step. Finally, the machining error is compensated by performing the next process step. Two typical experiments, milling of thin-walled parts with plane- and curved-surface, are used to validate the proposed method, and the experiment results shown that this method can significantly improve the error compensation effect for low-stiffness structure. Compared with the mirror compensation, the final thickness error of thin-walled parts is reduced by 71.4% and 56.2%, respectively, for plane- and curved-surface parts.
Emergent simplicity despite local complexity in eroding fluvial landscapes
Authors: Roberts Gareth G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMuch of our current understanding of continental topographic evolution is rooted in measuring and predicting the rates at which rivers erode the landscape. Flume tank and field observations indicate that stochasticity and local conditions play important roles in determining rates at small scales (e.g., &lt;10 km, thousands of years). Obversely, preserved river profiles and common shapes of rivers atop uplifting topography indicate that erosion rates are predictable at larger scales. These observations indicate that the response of rivers to forcing can be scale dependent. I demonstrate that erosional thresholds can provide an explanation for why profile evolution can be very complicated and unique at small scales yet simple and predictable at large scales.