bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploration of SQC Formula Effect on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Whole Transcriptome Profile in Rats
Authors: Fu Xiaoxu , Zhou Xiujuan , Liu Ya , Lei Yuanhong , Xie Hongyan , Leng Yulin , Gao Hong , Xie Chunguang 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease that has
turned out to be a pandemic all over the world. In China, some traditional Chinese herbal formulas
have enjoyed a high reputation in T2DM treatment for centuries.

Methods:
In this study, ShenQi compound (SQC) is proposed, a formula that has been performed
on T2DM clinical therapeutics in China for many years. The efficacy of SQC in a diabetic rat model
by measuring food and water intake and examining islet microcirculatory index involves islets
microvessel quantity and density, islets size, pancreatic microvascular wall thickness is evaluated.
Meanwhile, gene microarray experiments were performed to explore the molecular mechanism of
SQC treatment. In addition, a western medicine, metformin, was employed as a comparison.

Results:
The results indicated that SQC could effectively improve polydipsia, polyphagia and
weight loss caused by diabetes as well as pancreatic tissue damage and vascular injury for T2DM.
Meanwhile, the gene microarray experiments indicated that SQC may improve the T2DM by affecting
the biological functions related to detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception
of smell, G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway, cytoplasmic translation. In addition,
SQC presented curative effect by the regulated function associated with translation, while metformin
presented curative effect by the regulated function associated coagulation.

Conclusion:
SQC is an effective therapeutic drug on T2DM, and presents curative effect by regulated
function associated with translation.
Disinfectants and Skin Antiseptics for Safe prophylaxis against COVID-19, Review of Literature.
Authors: Dorgham Nevine A. , Dorgham Dina A. 
Published: February 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently receiving the whole world's attention. It appeared first in Wuhan city of China and rapidly spread to the world, causing many mortalities and morbidities; the disease is mainly transmitted via respiratory droplets and has a long infectivity period of about 14 days.
Science shows that the virus is also transmitted via the skin if the virus by any means finds its way and land on the skin surface. Infection occurs when touching the face, eyes, or nose with the hand after the virus has landed upon it. This is the main reason for the widespread usage of skin antiseptics and disinfectants. We included the most commonly used skin antiseptics, sterilizing methods, and disinfectants, such as household bleach, hydrogen peroxide gas plasma, Formaldehyde, Glutaraldehyde, Alcohol, Chlorohexidine, Povidone-iodine, Chloroxylenol, and alcohol-based hand sanitizer (e.g. Sterlelium). We will discuss their role in preventing acquired infection of COVID-19, as well as discussing the efficacy, costs, and side effects of different sterilizers, including general health hazards, as well as skin affection as irritant contact dermatitis, which is the commonest side effect. After conducting this work, we summarized the results & started sending them to our patients & medical personnel, and we observed 60% decrease in the cases of disinfectants induced allergic contact dermatitis /month compared to the previous two months.
Studying the Ethno-Pharmacological Basis of Antiepileptic Activity of
Medhya Rasayanas- A Nootropic Package From Ayurveda
Authors: Kaushik Rahul , Jain Jainendra , Gupta Akanksha , Rebouças Louhana Moreira 
Published: February 2021

:
Ayurveda prescribes the use of Medhya Rasayanas for the prevention and management of brain disorders like Epilepsy, Schizophrenia, Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s diseases. Medhya Rasayanas are a group of nootropic herbs which improves cognition, memory, intelligence, creativity, learning skills and executive functions. Additionally, these supplements also boost immunity. These herbs have intrinsic nature to exert these effects on the human brain. This review is an attempt to study and correlate the ethno-pharmacological basis of Medhya Rasayanas with their Antiepileptic potential. In epilepsy, Medhya Rasayanas either alone or in combination are prescribed to manage epileptic patients in Ayurveda. These herbs are time tested and also possess scientifically proven pharmacological effects. In this review, detailed pharmacognostical, phytochemical and pharmacological investigation on Medhya Rasayanas like Centella asiatica, Convolvulous pluricaulis, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Tinospora cordifolia, Acorus calamus, Bacopa monnieri, Celastrus paniculatus, Benincasa hispida, Nardostachys jatamansi, mineral like Swarna Bhasma (Gold Calyx) and few herbal formulations like Panchgavyaghrita, Brahmi Ghrita, Mentat, Asthamangal Ghrita, Sarasvata Churna, Sarasvata Arishta, and Samvardhan ghrita which contains Medhya Rasayanas was performed using various search engines like Google Scholar, Scopus, SciFinder, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Bentham Sciences and other online and print journals and scientific databases on medicinal plants. The rigorous review of the literature proves that each Medhya Rasayana is acting with different mechanisms of action to offer neuroprotection. The review strengthens the ethno-pharmacological claim of Medhya Rasayanas for their use in the treatment and management of Epilepsy and other brain disorders.
Do Individual Auditors Have Their Own Styles? Evidence from Clients' Financial Statement Comparability in China
Authors: Shi Haina , Wen Wen , Zhou Gaoguang , Zhu Xindong (Kevin) 
Published: February 2021

SYNOPSIS
In this study, we investigate whether individual auditors are associated with the comparability of their clients' financial statements, based on a sample of Chinese companies audited by ten large audit firms. We demonstrate that individual auditors have an incremental effect on comparability, beyond the office-level effect. We also find that the style of individual auditors is stronger when they are affiliated with Big 4 audit firms (compared to non-Big 4 large audit firms) and when they are industry experts. In addition, two possible channels of enhanced comparability are identified: (1) clients' accounting flexibility, which provides opportunities for auditors to exert influences; and (2) individual auditors' characteristics, such as age, position, and academic degree, which affect auditors' abilities to exert influence. Our results are robust to alternative comparability and industry expertise measures, to various sampling methods, and to corrections for potential endogeneity problems.
JEL Classifications: M41; M42.
Unfair prejudice in United Kingdom Company Law
Authors: Fan Zhengyang 
Published: February 2021

It is common that the majority shareholders in a corporation take action that unfairly prejudices the minority. A majority shareholder occupies a dominant position in the decision-making process of the company's affairs and can control the company with the principle of majority rule. In the process of company development, the interests of the majority shareholders may diverge from the interests of the company. In this case, the majority of shareholders may engage in unfair prejudice conduct that harm the interests of the company and minority shareholders for their own benefit. Consequently, to some extent, the principle of majority rule provides the possibility for the controlling shareholders to abuse voting rights, which often constitutes damage to the interests of minority shareholders. In addition, due to the reliance on the controlling shareholder, the directors tend to only take into account the interests of the majority shareholders, with the result that ignore the rights and interests of non-controlling shareholders. Especially in private companies, minority shareholders not only cannot sell their shares in the stock exchanges without restrictions to exit the company, but also may be subject to more severe oppression by the actual controller of the company. When minority shareholders cannot obtain relief within the company, it is necessary for aggrieved shareholders to bring an action against the majority shareholders to protect their rights.

However, under the rule in Foss v Harbottle, shareholders only be allowed to sue if they meet the exceptions. Due to the limited application scope of these exceptions, the aggrieved shareholders are often unable to get timely and effective relief in practice. In response to this problem, statutory unfair prejudice provisions are introduced to balance the interests of majority shareholders and minority shareholders, and to prevent shareholder oppression in corporate governance. It emphasizes judicial intervention to protect the legitimate interests of shareholders. Compared with just and equitable winding up and derivative action, the unfair prejudice is regarded as a mechanism for minority protection as it covers a variety of remedies and leaves the court with greater discretion.
MEMBENTUK SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA PERBANKAN SYARIAH MELALUI MANAJEMEN HATI
Authors: Muhammad Mahmuda Mulia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract This paper aims to determine the formation of human resources in Islamic banking through careful management. The results of the analysis show that the management of the heart of the formation of human resources is an effort to manage the hearts of all employees who aim to shape the characteristics of human resources that are cultured and divine. Heart management that can be carried out by Islamic banking through the formation of spiritual intelligence (Al-iman al-`amiq, Al-ittishal al-watsiq and Tathhir al-qalb), and emotional formation (Self Awareness, Motivation, Empathy and Social Skills).Keywords: Heart Management, Human Resources, Islamic Banking. AbstrakTulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pembentukan sumber daya manusia perbankan syariah melalui manajemen hati. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa manajemen hati dari pembentukan sumber daya manusia merupakan suatu upaya pengelolaan hati untuk seluruh karyawan yang bertujuan untuk membentuk karaktek sumber daya manusia yang berbudaya dan bernilai ketuhanan. Manajemen hati yang dapat dilakukan oleh perbankan syariah melalui pembentukan kecerdasan spiritual (Al-iman al-`amiq, Al-ittishal al-watsiq dan Tathhir al-qalb), dan pembenukan emosional (Self Awareness, Motivation, Empathy dan Social Skills).Kata Kunci : Manajemen Hati, Perbankan Syariah, Sumber Daya Manusia.
Physical education and sport as factors of health and formation of a healthy lifestyle
Authors: Novoselova E. N. 
Published: February 2021

The article analyzes the influence of physical culture and sports on the health of the population. The author explores the behavioral factors of health and illness, using experience and examples from previous Russian and international research. The work highlights the main components of a healthy lifestyle and obstacles that prevent it from practicing, such as lack of material and time resources, lack of will, bad habits, high pace of life and work, etc. Based on the latest statistics and analysis, it is shown that there are few people leading a healthy lifestyle in Russia (from 12 to 25% according to various estimates), but there are real barriers to improving the situation. Furthermore, there is a lack of motivation among the population itself. The article focuses on the importance of adequate physical activity to preserve health. Author presents data on the share of those practicing physical education and sports in Russia and in the world, as well as the results of scientific research confirming the fact that the interest of Russians with sports activities has increased, they began to devote more time to physical development. However, it will take time to achieve the indicators typical for the countries of Northern Europe and the USA. The problem of high-performance sports, associated huge costs, its use as an effective instrument of “soft power” in world politics, dehumanization and commercialization of big-time sports and, of course, the issue of its impact on health are touched upon. It also analyzes the importance of professional sports for the development of mass sports and increasing the motivation of the population to engage in physical culture.The situation in the development of physical culture and mass sports in Russia and the involvement of the population of our country in these practices are assessed. Author analyzes interlinks between physical activity on one side and influence of socio-demographic characteristics of the population, such as gender, age, level of education and income, region of residence on the other side.The empirical basis of the work consists of data of the WHO, the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), the Public Opinion Foundation (FOM) and the All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion (VTsIOM), as well as the study undertaken in 2018–2019 by the Department of Sociology of Family and Demography, Faculty of Moscow of Sociology, Lomonosov Moscow State University (2489 respondents) “Interregional studies of life values and nontransitivity of family and child orientations among women, men and married couples on the basis of crosscutting analysis of comparable data” (SEDOZH).
Problems and prospects for the development of volunteer activities in the youth environment (based on materials of regional sociological research)
Authors: Antonova T. V. 
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the article is to characterize the problems and prospects of development of volunteer activities in the youth environment of the Orel region. The article provides a brief review of the literature on volunteer activities. The article presents the results of the author’s sociological study “Coordination of volunteer activities among the youth of the Orel region” –materials of interviews with the heads of volunteer organizations (volunteer groups; volunteer groups; volunteer centers (movements)), volunteer projects) of the Orel region. Based on the analysis of the interview materials, groups of problems typical for the development of volunteer activities in the Orel region are identified. A comparison of the materials obtained by the author during the interview with the results of a questionnaire survey of residents of the Orel region, organized by the sociological laboratory of the Central Russian Institute of Management, a branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, and the results of a VTSIOM study are carried out.The results of the study-the analysis allowed the author to formulate the problems of development of volunteer activity in the youth environment of the Orel region and to identify the prospects for the further existence of this type of activity in the region.
Comprensión lectora VS Competencia lectora: qué son y qué relación existe entre ellas
Authors: Jiménez Pérez Elena 
Published: February 2021

La comprensión lectora es la capacidad de un individuo de captar lo más objetivamente posible lo que un autor ha querido transmitir a través de un texto escrito. Por lo tanto, la comprensión lectora (Reading Comprehension) es un concepto abarcado por otro más amplio que es la competencia lectora (Reading Literacy). La competencia lectora es la habilidad de un ser humano de usar su comprensión lectora de forma útil en la sociedad que le rodea. De esta forma, la comprensión lectora es el hecho abstracto dependiente de la capacitación individual de cada persona y la competencia lectora la materialización concreta llevada a cabo en dependencia de la relación del individuo con la sociedad.Así, la comprensión lectora está ligada más al individuo que al entorno, a sus capacidades intelectualeso emocionales, o su perfil psicológico, mientras que la competencia lectora añade más peso a una variable pragmática, la socialización, la inteligencia social o la inteligencia ejecutiva (Marina, 2012).
Development of Critical Thinking Skills for Macedonian Language for Professional Purposes 2 During the Online Teaching Period
Authors: Zdravkovska-Adamova Blagojka , Taneska Aleksandra P. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present the results of our analysis regarding the development of critical thinking skills for the subject Macedonian language for specific purposes 2, research conducted in the online teaching period in the academic 2019-2020. The appearance of COVID-19 virus in March 2020 and the pandemic that it caused seriously affected the educational process. But the well-established Google Meet and Google Classroom platforms have proven to be a solid foundation for teaching in extraordinary circumstances at SEEU. Our goal in the past period was mainly aimed at developing and improving the critical thinking skills which are clearly defined in the syllabus. Definitions of the term critical thinking are given, as well as the results of our research regarding the development of critical thinking skills during online teaching. In terms of methodology, for each skill an exercise was given, which was assessed by the professor and the students received feedback. Our research covers 7 critical thinking skills. An analysis is emphasized as one of the key skills for developing critical thinking. The ability to apply established personal, professional and social rules and criteria reflects students’ ability to present information in their own way. In the modern world, access to information is readily available. The development of critical thinking by mastering the skill of logical reasoning was aimed at establishing correlations and conclusions that are supported or determined by the above data in the form of a debate on the criteria for successful professional communication. The ability to distinguish is emphasized as one of the skills for developing critical thinking. The novelties in the future should be mainly focused on the main challenge, which is the motivation of the students for active participation because according to our expected results there was more pressure for their activity on Google Meet, but they showed significant interest in the exercises that affected the final grade (according to our previous experience, that was characteristic for the period of teaching with physical presence).
The active involvement of the students, but also the additional engagement of the professors in these extraordinary circumstances will contribute to a quality and smooth mastering of the skills for critical analysis.
The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation During Pregnancy on The Risk of Having Preterm Birth: An Evidence-based Case Report
Authors: Meilana Intan , Andayani Diyah Eka 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Preterm birth (PTB) is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Pregnant women is one of the most vulnerable groups for vitamin D deficiency, that increase the risk of PTB. Vitamin D has the role of immunomodulator, anti-inflammatory, and transcription of genes involved in placental function. Research results on the correlation between vitamin D supplementation and PTB risk are still inconsistent.Objective: To observe the effect of oral vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy on the risk of PTBMethods: Advanced search for relevant literatures in PubMed, Cochrane, and Willey was conducted. After assessing the relevancy and eligibility, articles were selected and critically appraised.Results: There were three articles that relevant with the eligibility criteria and clinical questions, they were randomized controlled trial, meta-analysis and systematic review. Three studies found that oral vitamin D supplementation in the form of cholecalciferol during pregnancy had a significant reduction on the risk of PTB. A systematic review found that supplementation with combination of cholecalciferol and calcium carbonate may increase the risk of PTB. The different dosages, frequencies, and time of initiation limit the generalizations for efficacy and safety doses.Conclusion: Oral cholecalciferol supplementation during pregnancy reduces the risk of PTB. While supplementation with combination of cholecalciferol and calcium carbonate requires consideration. Further research is needed to find out about the dose, frequency, time of initiation, adverse events and effects of vitamin D when combined with other vitamins and minerals. Keywords: Pregnancy, vitamin D, vitamin D3, cholecalciferol, preterm birth, preterm labor.
Iron Intake and Its Correlation to Ferritin and Hemoglobin Level among Children Aged 24–36 Months in Jakarta in 2020
Authors: Ferdi Jessica , Bardosono Saptawati , Medise Bernie Endyarni 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Iron is essential for child’s development and growth. Children’s iron requirements are secured from daily food intake that might be affected by Covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to determine iron intake and its relationship with ferritin and hemoglobin levels as indicators of iron status among children in Jakarta.Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kampung Melayu, Jakarta from September to October 2020. Seventy seven healthy children aged 24–36 months were taken using total population sampling method. Interviews were conducted to obtain characteristics data and iron intake using a semi-quantitative-food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Blood tests are performed to check the levels of ferritin (controlled by hs-CRP value), and hemoglobin.Pearson’s/Spearman’s correlation test was performed using SPSS version 20.0. Result: Median of iron intake was 9.6 (1.5–40,7) mg/day, in which 33.8% of subjects was below the Indonesian Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) recommendation. The median ferritin value was 18.1 (1.4–91.1) 𝜇g/L and the hemoglobin was 11.8 (6.6–15.2) g/dL, in which 40.3% and 27.3% subjects with iron insufficient-deficient and anemia, respectively. There were positive correlations between iron intake and ferritin (r = 0.328, p = 0.002) and iron intake and hemoglobin (r = 0.308, p = 0.003). A strong positive correlation was found between ferritin and hemoglobin (r = 0.769, p < 0.001).Conclusion: Iron intake of children aged 24–36 months had a weak positive correlation with ferritin and hemoglobin level. Keywords: children 24–36 months, ferritin, hemoglobin, iron intake, Jakarta
The Relationship between Modification of Food Presentation and Changes in Appetite of Toddler Children at Puskesmas Mojo Surabaya
Authors: Anggraini Refida Fitria , Ananditha Aries Chandra , Aminoto Latifiyan Nurnaningtiyas , Illiandri Oski 
Published: February 2021

Background: Modification of food presentation is one way to attract toddlers to increase their appetite with attractive colors or cute shapes to increase the child's appetite. Modification of food presentation can also affect appetite changes in children under five, so it takes a unique and exciting food creation that can be an attraction/pleasure for children under five to increase appetite. Children's stability under five depends a lot on their parents or caregivers because the parents must be the main scourge / main factor in increasing the child's appetite. So, it can be said that the development of children under five is very dependent on how their parents manage their child's food—providing a variety of foods, especially vegetables, which children usually do not like so that they become liked by them. There are many things or ways to attract toddlers to like vegetables, namely by adding side dishes that have been mixed with vegetables and rice that can be cooked and mixed with coloring from the vegetables themselves. Objective: To explore the relationship between food presentation modification and appetite changes for children under five at Puskesmas Mojo Surabaya.Method: Analytical Cross-Sectional Observational Research DesignResult: Most of the modification of food presentation for children under five at Puskesmas Mojo Surabaya received it well. Changes in appetite for children under five at Puskesmas Mojo Surabaya are mostly changes in appetite.Conclusion: There is a relationship between modification of food presentation and appetite changes for children under five at Puskesmas Mojo Surabaya.