bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paṇḍit Seu to Mānaku: a pictorial Rāmāyaṇa with text
Authors: Brockington John 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article examines the linked sets of paintings commonly known as the “small Guler” Rāmāyaṇa by Paṇḍit Seu, the “Mankot” Rāmāyaṇa and the “Siege of Laṅkā” by Mānaku in the light of the text from the Vālmīki Rāmayaṇa on the versos of the paintings. This allows significant conclusions about the intentions behind their production and the original extent of each set.
Verses at the Court of the King: Shifts in the Historical Imagination of the Sanskrit Literary Tradition during the Second Millennium
Authors: ALI DAUD 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis essay argues that the rise and circulation of large numbers of Sanskrit literary anthologies as well as story traditions about poets in the second millennium together index important changes in the ‘author-function’ within the Sanskrit literary tradition. While modern ‘empirical authorship’ and external referentiality in Sanskrit has long been deemed ‘elusive'by Western scholarship, the new forms of literary production in the second millennium suggest a distinct new interest in authorship among wider literary communities. This new ‘author-function’ indexed a shift in the perceptions of literary production and the literary tradition itself. Focusing on the famous sixteenth-century work known as theBhojaprabandhaas both an anthology as well as a storybook about poets, this essay further argues that the paradigmatic courts of kings like Vikramāditya and Bhoja (but particularly the latter), placed not in historical time but in an archaic temporality, became themise en scènefor the figure of the poet in the second-millennium literary imagination. They were courts where the finest poets of the tradition appeared and where their virtuosity could be savored and reflected upon by generations of readers.
Legal pluralism and stigma: a case-study of customary resurgence in the Chakma communities of Bangladesh and India
Authors: O'Brien Margaret 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the complex iteration of ethnic identity and legal culture amongst the Chakma peoples of the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh and the hill territories of Tripura, India. Its hypothesis is that the stigma of tribal identity is more likely to be sustained in situations of ‘weak’ pluralism – that is, where the customary system is formally annexed to the state. However, such stigma is more likely to be dispelled where numerous, competing legal jurisdictions collide in a ‘strong’ pluralism expressed as a relatively autonomous legal domain, overlapping legal jurisdictions and in the presence of a productive and potentially creative ‘interlegality’. Conversely, strong state recognition of identities, such as can be found in India, appears to be linked to weak local pluralism, creating an insular and inward-looking community that embraces stigma and the preservation and use of customary practices. In conclusion, this paper asserts that formal state recognition in a situation of legal pluralism tends to freeze identities in a facsimile of the colonial trope of tribe, whilst conflict between the communities and the state generates new and resistant identities and new iterations of customary law.
Feedback-Seeking Behavior in Organizations: A Meta-Analysis and Systematical Review of Longitudinal Studies
Authors: Bălăceanu Alexandra , Vîrgă Delia , Maricuțoiu Laurentiu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBased on the Job Demands-Resources theory, this meta‐analysis investigates the role of resources in predicting feedback-seeking behavior (FSB) over time. We also examine the relationship between FSB and its outcomes from a systematic review perspective. The eligibility criteria were: (a) to measure feedback-seeking behavior, (b) to have a longitudinal design, and (c) to have employees as target groups. Thirteen studies met these criteria (Ntotal= 1,527). We combined the meta-analysis procedures and structural equation modeling (metaSEM) and used the systematic review. The methodological quality of the available longitudinal studies is assessed. Our findings indicated that job resources predict future feedback-seeking behavior and between feedback-seeking behavior and personal resources is significant relationship. More research is needed to clarify the reciprocal relationships between personal resources and feedback-seeking behavior and the influences of feedback-seeking behavior on performance.
Connection Between Foreshock Structures and the Generation of Magnetosheath Jets: Vlasiator Results
Authors: Suni J. , Palmroth M. , Turc L. , Battarbee M. , Johlander A. , Tarvus V. , Alho M. , Bussov M. , Dubart M. , Ganse U. , Grandin M. , Horaites K. , Manglayev T. , Papadakis K. , Pfau‐Kempf Y. , Zhou H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEarth’s magnetosheath consists of shocked solar wind plasma that has been compressed and slowed down at the Earth’s bow shock. Magnetosheath jets are pulses of enhanced dynamic pressure in the magnetosheath. Jets have been observed by numerous spacecraft missions, but their origin has remained unconfirmed, though several formation mechanisms have been suggested. In this study, we use a method for automatically identifying and tracking jets as well as foreshock compressive structures (FCSs) in four 2D runs of the global hybrid‐Vlasov simulation Vlasiator. We find that up to 75% of magnetosheath jets are caused by FCSs impacting the bow shock. These jets propagate deeper into the magnetosheath than the remaining 25% of jets that are not caused by FCSs. We conduct a visual case study of one jet that was not caused by FCSs and find that the bow shock was not rippled before the formation of the jet.
Earthquake Magnitude Distributions on Northern Caribbean Faults From Combinatorial Optimization Models
Authors: Geist Eric L. , ten Brink Uri S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOn‐fault earthquake magnitude distributions are calculated for northern Caribbean faults using estimates of fault slip and regional seismicity parameters. Integer programming, a combinatorial optimization method, is used to determine the optimal spatial arrangement of earthquakes sampled from a truncated Gutenberg‐Richter distribution that minimizes the global misfit in slip rates on a complex fault system. Slip rates and their uncertainty on major faults are derived from a previously published GPS block model for the region, with fault traces determined from offshore geophysical mapping and previously published onshore studies. The optimal spatial arrangement of the sampled earthquakes is compared with the 500‐year history of earthquake observations. Rupture segmentation of the subduction interface along the Hispaniola‐Puerto Rico Trench (PRT) fault and seismic coupling on the PRT fault appear to exert the primary control over this spatial arrangement. Introducing a rupture barrier for the Hispaniola‐PRT fault northwest of Mona Passage, based on geophysical and seismicity observations, and assigning a low slip rate of 2 mm/yr on the PRT fault are most consistent with historical earthquakes in the region. The addition of low slip‐rate secondary faults as well as segmentation of the Hispaniola and Septentrional strike‐slip fault improves the consistency with historical seismicity. An important observation from the modeling is that varying the slip rate on the PRT fault and different segmentation scenarios result in significant changes to the optimal magnitude distribution on faults farther away. In general, optimal on‐fault magnitude distributions are more complex and inter‐dependent than is typically assumed in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and probabilistic tsunami hazard analysis.
Global Drivers and Transport Mechanisms of Lunar Rockfalls
Authors: Bickel V. T. , Aaron J. , Manconi A. , Loew S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe long‐ and short‐term drivers and transport mechanisms of lunar rockfalls are currently not well understood, but could provide valuable information about the geologic processes that still shape the surface of the Moon today. Here, we compare the global distribution of rockfalls with relevant geophysical data, such as seismic, topographic, thermal, gravity anomaly, and tidal displacement data sets. Rockfalls appear to predominantly occur (a) on equator‐facing slopes and thus in regions with large thermal amplitudes, (b) on slope angles well above‐average (Δ ∼ 10°), and (c) in regions with above‐average rock abundance. We do not observe a qualitatively or statistically relevant relation between rockfall abundance, monitored Apollo‐era shallow seismic activity, and the distribution of visible tectogenetic features. Informed by our global analysis, we conduct a targeted, in‐depth study of 687 rockfall boulders and trajectories in 13 sites across the Moon, including 7 craters, 2 volcanic vents, 2 tectonic structures, and 2 unclassified geomorphic regions. We identify four different source region types, where the type appears to control the occurrence of rockfalls. The source region type in turn is controlled by surface age rather than geomorphic context. We find that rockfall trajectories are mainly controlled by the trigger energy and the geometry of the slope. Our results suggest that erratic small‐scale impacts (mainly in old, Imbrian‐Nectarian, shallow terranes), aided by solar‐induced thermal fatigue of fractured bedrock (mainly in young, Copernican‐Eratosthenian steep terranes), were the dominant, global‐scale long‐ and short‐term drivers of rockfalls in the Moon's recent geologic past.
The influence of different morphological units on the turbulent flow characteristics in step-pool mountain streams
Authors: Thazhathe Kalathil Sruthi , Chandra Venu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe morphology of step-pools is often implemented for ecological restoration and for the creation of close-to-nature fish passes. Step-pools display spatio-temporal variations in bed and flow characteristics due to meso-scale units such as step, tread, base of step, and pool. Exclusive research on the effects of bed variations in step-pools on the flow dynamics is limited. Here, we conducted laboratory experiments on a physical model downscaled from a field site in the Western Ghats, Kerala, India. The results of Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA show significant differences in the velocity and turbulent intensities for the morphological units. A regression equation of the form Power-Allometric1 has been proposed to relate the normalized turbulent kinetic energy with the velocity magnitude. The present study also estimated the range of Reynolds shear stress and energy dissipation factor existent in the step-pool systems. The normalized values of Reynolds shear stress in thex–z plane ranged from − 19.477 to 13.729, and energy dissipation factors obtained for the three step-pool systems are 321, 207, and 123 W/m3; both the results reveal insufficient pool volume for adequate energy dissipation. The study concludes that while designing close-to-nature step-pool fish passes, pool dimensions should be finalized with respect to the target aquatic species.
Synthesis of some novel coumarin isoxazol sulfonamide hybrid compounds, 3D-QSAR studies, and antibacterial evaluation
Authors: Esfahani Sheida Nasr , Damavandi Mohammad Sadegh , Sadeghi Parisa , Nazifi Zahrasadat , Salari-Jazi Azhar , Massah Ahmad Reza 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWith the progressive and ever-increasing antibacterial resistance pathway, the need for novel antibiotic design becomes critical. Sulfonamides are one of the more effective antibiotics against bacteria. In this work, several novel sulfonamide hybrids including coumarin and isoxazole group were synthesized in five steps starting from coumarin-3-carboxylic acid and 3-amino-5-methyl isoxazole and assayed for antibacterial activity. The samples were obtained in good to high yield and characterized by FT-IR,13C-NMR,1H-NMR, CHN and melting point techniques. 3D-QSAR is a fast, easy, cost-effective, and high throughput screening method to predict the effect of the compound's efficacy, which notably decreases the needed price for experimental drug assay. The 3D-QSAR model displayed acceptable predictive and descriptive capability to find r2 and q2 the pMIC of the designed compound. Key descriptors, which robustly depend on antibacterial activity, perhaps were explained by this method. According to this model, among the synthesized sulfonamide hybrids,9band9fhad the highest effect on the gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria based on the pMIC. The 3D-QSAR results were confirmed in the experimental assays, demonstrating that our model is useful for developing new antibacterial agents. The work proposes a computationally-driven strategy for designing and discovering new sulfonamide scaffold for bacterial inhibition.
Soft tissue radiodensity parameters mediate the relationship between self-reported physical activity and lower extremity function in AGES-Reykjavík participants
Authors: Edmunds Kyle J. , Okonkwo Ozioma C. , Sigurdsson Sigurdur , Lose Sarah R. , Gudnason Vilmundur , Carraro Ugo , Gargiulo Paolo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough previous studies have highlighted the association between physical activity and lower extremity function (LEF) in elderly individuals, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain debated. Our recent work has recognized the utility of nonlinear trimodal regression analysis (NTRA) parameters in characterizing changes in soft tissue radiodensity as a quantitative construct for sarcopenia in the longitudinal, population-based cohort of the AGES-Reykjavík study. For the present work, we assembled a series of prospective multivariate regression models to interrogate whether NTRA parameters mediate the 5-year longitudinal relationship between physical activity and LEF in AGES-Reykjavík participants. Healthy elderly volunteers from the AGES-Reykjavík cohort underwent mid-thigh X-ray CT scans along with a four-part battery of LEF tasks: normal gait speed, fastest-comfortable gait speed, isometric leg strength, and timed up-and-go. These data were recorded at two study timepoints which were separated by approximately 5 years: AGES-I (n = 3157) and AGES-II (n = 3098). Participants in AGES-I were likewise administered a survey to approximate their weekly frequency of engaging in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PAAGES-I). Using a multivariate mediation analysis framework, linear regression models were assembled to test whether NTRA parameters mediated the longitudinal relationship between PAAGES-Iand LEFAGES-II; all models were covariate-adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and baseline LEF, and results were corrected for multiple statistical comparisons. Our first series of models confirmed that all four LEF tasks were significantly related to PAAGES-I; next, modelling the relationship between PAAGES-Iand NTRAAGES-IIidentified muscle amplitude (Nm) and location (μm) as potential mediators of LEF to test. Finally, adding these two parameters into our PAAGES-I → LEFAGES-IImodels attenuated the prior effect of PAAGES-I; bootstrapping confirmedNmandμmas significant partial mediators of the PAAGES-I → LEFAGES-IIrelationship, with the strongest effect found in isometric leg strength. This work describes a novel approach toward clarifying the mechanisms that underly the relationship between physical activity and LEF in aging individuals. IdentifyingNmandμmas significant partial mediators of this relationship provides strong evidence that physical activity protects aging mobility through the preservation of both lean tissue quantity and quality.
Lithium doped poly(3-hexylthiophene) for efficient hole transporter and sensitizer in metal free quaterthiophene dye treated hybrid solar cells
Authors: Pirashanthan Arumugam , Velauthapillai Dhayalan , Robertson Neil , Ravirajan Punniamoorthy 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis work focuses on the role of Lithium doped Poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT) in metal-free quaterthiophene (4T) dye treated Titanium dioxide (TiO2) based hybrid solar cells. The dye treated hybrid solar cells with Lithium doped P3HT showed efficiencies (3.95%) of nearly a factor of four times higher than the pristine P3HT based control TiO2/4T/P3HT devices (1.04%). The enhancement of the efficiency is mainly due to highly efficient charge collection attributed to enhanced charge transport and light harvesting properties of Lithium doped P3HT polymer. The optimized solar cells with Lithium doped P3HT showed a high short circuit current density over 13 mA/cm2, under simulated irradiation of intensity 100 mW/cm2 with AM 1.5 filter. This significant increase in current density in TiO2/4T/doped P3HT solar cell is also confirmed by both the broadened External Quantum Efficiency spectrum and significant photoluminescence quenching upon replacement of pristine P3HT with doped P3HT on 4T dye treated TiO2 electrode. With Lithium doped Spiro-OMeTAD instead of Lithium doped P3HT, similar devices showed efficiencies over 3.30% under simulated irradiation of 100 mW/cm2 with AM 1.5 filter.
Using Cy5-dUTP labelling of RPA-amplicons with downstream microarray analysis for the detection of antibiotic resistance genes
Authors: Warmt Christian , Fenzel Carolin Kornelia , Henkel Jörg , Bier Frank Fabian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this report we describe Cy5-dUTP labelling of recombinase-polymerase-amplification (RPA) products directly during the amplification process for the first time. Nucleic acid amplification techniques, especially polymerase-chain-reaction as well as various isothermal amplification methods such as RPA, becomes a promising tool in the detection of pathogens and target specific genes. Actually, RPA even provides more advantages. This isothermal method got popular in point of care diagnostics because of its speed and sensitivity but requires pre-labelled primer or probes for a following detection of the amplicons. To overcome this disadvantages, we performed an labelling of RPA-amplicons with Cy5-dUTP without the need of pre-labelled primers. The amplification results of various multiple antibiotic resistance genes indicating great potential as a flexible and promising tool with high specific and sensitive detection capabilities of the target genes. After the determination of an appropriate rate of 1% Cy5-dUTP and 99% unlabelled dTTP we were able to detect the blaCTX-M15 gene in less than 1.6E−03 ng genomic DNA corresponding to approximately 200 cfu of Escherichia coli cells in only 40 min amplification time.
Aortenisthmusstenose – eine lebenslange Systemerkrankung
Authors: Eicken Andreas , Kaemmerer Harald 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungKoarktation der Aorta (CoA) ist eine Systemerkrankung aller prästenotischen Arterien.
Während im Säuglingsalter die chirurgische Behandlung im Vordergrund steht, werden erwachsene
Patienten mit CoA oder Re-CoA nach chirurgischer Initialbehandlung, heute überwiegend mit
Stents behandelt, wenn dies technisch möglich ist. Trotz erfolgreicher Beseitigung der
aortalen Enge bleiben viele Patienten hypertensiv. Die Ursache des arteriellen Hypertonus ist
multifaktoriell. Erwachsene CoA-Patienten müssen zum einen regelmäßig in einem EMAH-Zentrum
evaluiert werden und benötigen zum anderen häufig eine permanente antihypertensive
medikamentöse Therapie.
Wenn die Luft in den Zellen dünn wird
Authors: Grafen Keren 
Published: October 2021

SummaryBei einem Sauerstoffmangel setzt der Organismus einen Mechanismus in Gang, der unter anderem durch Anpassung der Energiegewinnung für ein möglichst langes Überleben sorgen soll. Die Intervall-Hypoxie-Hyperoxie-Therapie (IHHT) setzt Hypoxie in Intervallen gezielt ein, um insbesondere Prozesse der verbesserten Energiegewinnung anzuregen, wodurch wiederum Beschwerden reduziert werden sollen. Die Intervall-Hypoxie-Hyperoxie-Therapie (IHHT) kann zum einen bei Beschwerden wie Fatigue helfen, zum anderen aber auch als Höhentraining vor Aufenthalten in hohen Bergen dienen.
Trauma und Ermüdung
Authors: Pasch Anja 
Published: October 2021

SummaryErfahrungsgemäß werden von Menschenhand verursachte und wiederholte Traumata schwerer verarbeitet als einmalige Erlebnisse wie Naturkatastrophen oder Unfälle. Ein unverarbeitetes Trauma bedeutet für den Organismus chronifizierten Stress – mit dem Ergebnis, dass der Körper langfristig ein energieraubendes Notfallprogramm fährt und immer mehr erschöpft. Eine Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung zeigt sich in der Regel erst Wochen oder Monate nach dem ursächlichen Ereignis, weswegen es häufig zu unklaren Diagnosen kommt.
Kathetergestützte Pulmonalklappenimplantation bei Erwachsenen mit angeborenem Herzfehler
Authors: Ewert Peter 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungViele angeborene Herzfehler erfordern einen biologischen Pulmonalklappenersatz. Aufgrund
der Klappendegenerationen ist im Laufe des Lebens eine kumulative Zahl an Re-Operationen
notwendig. Durch zunehmende Verwachsungen wird jede weitere Re-Operation allerdings für den
Chirurgen komplizierter, für den Patienten risikoreicher und für das Herz belastender. Das
Ziel, auch Patienten mit komplexen angeborenen Herzfehlern ein möglichst unbeschwertes Leben
mit guter kardialer Funktion bis ins hohe Alter zu gewährleisten, erhält deshalb durch die
katheterinterventionelle Klappenimplantation eine neue Dimension. Aufgrund der guten
Ergebnisse und der geringen Belastung für den Patienten ist es im Einzelfall sogar
gerechtfertigt, die Indikation zum Eingriff früher zu stellen als zur Operation. Für die Therapie
angeborener Herzfehler zählt die kathetergestützte Pulmonalklappenimplantation daher zu einer
der wichtigsten Innovationen der letzten 20 Jahre.
Lipid microspheres containing urea for slow release of non-protein N in ruminant diets
Authors: Netto Antonio Joelson , de Azevedo Silva Aderbal Marcos , Bezerra Leilson Rocha , de Barros Carvalho Ariádne , da Silva Agostini Deuber Lincon , Vasconcelos de Oliveira Diego Lomonaco , Mazzetto Selma Elaine , Viana Kotzebue Lloyd Ryan , Ribeiro Oliveira Jéssica , Oliveira Ronaldo Lopes , Pereira Filho José Morais , da Silva André Leandro 
Published: October 2021

Context Urea is widely used in ruminant diets as a source of non-protein nitrogen (NPN), partially substituting for true protein in feed, but high levels of urea in the diet may cause toxicity. Aims This study investigated the microencapsulation of urea in carnauba wax for slow release in the rumen to improve the N efficiency and growth of sheep. Methods Two microencapsulated systems were developed with urea:carnauba wax ratios (w/w) of 1:2 (U12) and 1:4 (U14). Based on the initial characterisation, only U12 was examined in an in vivo experiment with Santa Ines crossbred male sheep (n = 40) initially weighing 28 ± 0.6 kg at 270 days of age. The experimental arrangement was a completely randomised design, and the animals were distributed into four treatments; i.e. four levels of inclusion (0, control; 15; 30; and 45 g/kg DM) of microencapsulated urea in the diet. Key results The dietary inclusion of microencapsulated urea was associated with linear increases (P ≤ 0.05) in the intake of DM and metabolisable energy, the digestibility of crude protein, non-fibrous carbohydrates and fibre fractions, and N balance. Additionally, liveweight gain and feed efficiency increased quadratically (P < 0.001). There were also linear reductions (P < 0.001) in blood urea and urinary urea concentrations. Conclusions The study demonstrated that the inclusion of up to 30 g/kg U12 microencapsulated urea can be recommended as a source of slow-release urea in sheep diets since it improved the performance and feed efficiency and promoted lower concentrations of blood urea and urinary urea. Implications The use of urea microencapsulated in carnauba wax can reduce the risk of urea toxicity and provide a safer way to supply NPN to ruminants and improve N utilisation.