bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BIOLOGI REPRODUKSI IKAN TONGKOL (Euthynnus affinis) YANG DIDARATKAN DI PANGKALAN PENDARATAN IKAN TANJUNG LUAR KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR
Authors: Husain Pahmi , Karnan Karnan , Santoso DIdik 
Published: June 2021

Ikan tongkol (Euthynnus affinis) merupakan salah satu komoditas penting yang banyak didaratkan di Pangkalan Pendaratan Ikan (PPI) Tanjung Luar. Kebutuhan akan ikan tongkol di pasaran yang relatif tinggi dengan harga ekonomis menyebabkan tingginya intensitas penangkapan ikan oleh nelayan tanpa memperhatikan musim tangkap dan karakteristik layak tangkap, sehingga tidak sedikit ikan tongkol yang tertangkap pada saat matang gonad bahkan yang sedang melakukan pemijahan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan aspek-aspek reproduksi ikan tongkol yang terdiri dari tingkat kematangan gonad (TKG), indeks kematangan gonad (IKG) dan fekunditas. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei sampai Juni 2018. Total sampel yang diamati sebanyak 120 ekor ikan tongkol betina yang dikumpulkan dari PPI Tanjung Luar. Teknik penentuan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik sampel kuota. Pengamatan TKG dilakukan dengan cara pengamatan morfologis berdasarkan skala kematangan gonad, kemudian menghitung TKG atau Gonado Somatic Index (GSI). Perhitungan fekunditas yang dilakukan pada ikan tongkol sejumlah 36 sampel pada TKG V dan VI menggunakan metode gravimetrik. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa TKG ikan tongkol betina didominasi oleh TKG IV sebanyak 51,67%, kemudian diikuti TKG V (36,67%), TKG III (23,33%), TKG VI (8,33%) TKG II (8,33%) dan TKG I (6,62%). Dari persentase TKG tersebut menunjukkan bahwa ikan tongkol belum matang gonad (TKG IV). Nilai Gonado Somatic Index ikan tongkol betina berkisar antara 0,0116%-0,0258%. Fekunditas ikan tongkol betina berkisar antara 192.246-601.497 butir telur pada kisaran panjang cagak 415-640 mm.
Physical and chemical properties of urban aerosols in São Paulo, Brazil: links between composition and size distribution of submicron particles
Authors: Monteiro dos Santos Djacinto , Rizzo Luciana Varanda , Carbone Samara , Schlag Patrick , Artaxo Paulo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. In this work, the relationships between size and composition of submicron
particles (PM1) were analyzed at an urban site in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP), a megacity with about 21 million inhabitants. The measurements were carried out from 20 December 2016 to 15 March 2017. The chemical composition was measured with an Aerodyne Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor and size distribution with a TSI Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer 3082. PM1 mass concentrations in the MASP had an average mass concentration of 11.4 µg m−3. Organic aerosol (OA) dominated the PM1 composition (56 %), followed by sulfate (15 %) and equivalent black carbon (eBC, 13 %). Four OA
classes were identified using positive matrix factorization: oxygenated
organic aerosol (OOA, 40 % of OA), biomass burning organic aerosol
(BBOA, 13 %), and two hydrocarbon-like OA components (a typical HOA related to vehicular emissions (16 %) and a second HOA
(21 %) representing a mix of anthropogenic sources). Particle number concentrations averaged 12 100±6900 cm−3, dominated by the Aitken mode. The accumulation mode increased under relatively high-PM1 conditions, suggesting an enhancement of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) production. Conversely, the contribution of nucleation-mode particles was less dependent on PM1 levels, consistent with vehicular emissions. The relationship between aerosol size modes and PM1 composition was assessed by multilinear regression (MLR) models. Secondary inorganic aerosols were partitioned between Aitken and accumulation modes, related to condensation particle growth processes. Submicron mass loading in the accumulation mode was mostly associated with highly oxidized OOA and also traffic-related emissions. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first work that uses the MLR methodology to estimate the chemical composition of the different aerosol size modes. The chemical composition with size-dependent PM provides innovative information on the properties of both primary and secondary organic aerosols, as well as inorganic aerosols in a complex urban environment. The results emphasize the relevance of vehicular emissions to the air quality at MASP and
highlight the key role of secondary processes on the PM1 ambient
concentrations in the region since 56 % of PM1 mass loading was attributed to SOA and secondary inorganic aerosol.
Early GDPR Penalties: Analysis of Implementation and Fines Through May 2020
Authors: Wolff Josephine , Atallah Nicole 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which went into effect in May 2018, enabled European Data Protection Authorities (DPAs) to fine companies up to 4 percent of their annual revenue in the event that they were found in violation of the regulation's requirements for data collection, processing, and use. But the regulation gave DPAs considerable leeway to determine how they would implement these penalties. This article analyzes 261 publicly available GDPR enforcement orders issued by DPAs during the first 24 months of the GDPR implementation. The findings show that most GDPR fines levied so far have been relatively small, many of them within the thresholds set by earlier laws prior to the GDPR. Additionally, only half of the GDPR articles for which penalties are designated have actually resulted in public enforcement actions, and those fines that have been levied focus primarily on violations of five particular articles, four of which pertain primarily to user privacy protections. However, despite the fact that most of the fines issued under the GDPR have been in response to privacy violations, the largest fines have been triggered by security incidents, and, on average, security violations still receive larger fines than privacy violations.
Lessons from Internet Use and Performance During Covid-19
Authors: Dahiya Shefali , Rokanas Lila N. , Singh Surabhi , Yang Melissa , Peha Jon M. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
When COVID-19 hit, many people began working, going to school, and living much of their lives from home. The Internet was a gateway to the world. This article uses data from Internet speed tests, consumer complaints, search engine optimization tools, and logs of Internet use from public libraries to understand the effects of the pandemic on Internet use and performance. Despite reports that the Internet handled the surge in traffic well, we find that complaints about Internet speed nearly tripled, and performance was degraded. Downstream data rates changed little, but median upstream data rates at midday dropped by about a third. When discussing Internet performance, people typically focus on downstream. This focus should shift. Internet service providers and policymakers should reduce the asymmetry by changing how infrastructure is designed, how Internet services are advertised, how regulators write transparency rules, and how government defines “broadband” in subsidy programs intended to reduce the digital divide. We also find significant increases in the use of many important categories of online content, including those used for work communications, education, grocery shopping, social media, news, and job searches. This shows the importance of the Internet during the crisis. Many people without Internet at home turned to public Wi-Fi hotspots during the pandemic. We find that this occurred disproportionately in neighborhoods with more students. Future distance learning initiatives should consider the challenges some students face in obtaining Internet access.
Emoji captcha; una novedosa opción para proteger sitios web
Authors: López Marín Manuel Oswaldo , González Ramírez Marlon David , Romero Herrera Rodolfo , Serrano Talamantes José Félix 
Published: June 2021

En el presente trabajo se presenta un desarrollo de una variante de captcha con el uso de una imagen gif, compuesta por 6 fotogramas; cada fotograma está formado por 9 imágenes ordenadas en una matriz de 3 por 3; cada imagen utilizada expresa una emoción de un conjunto de 5 emociones básicas. Cada uno de los 9 sectores en los que se divide el gif, tiene asignado una marca dígito, con el propósito de que el usuario reconozca una emoción dentro del gif y utilizando sus habilidades cognitivas relacione esta emoción con un número y, de esta forma identifique la respuesta correcta. Se propone una alternativa simple y segura para la protección de sitios web, ideal para un amplio rango de usuarios, sin importar su edad o conocimientos informáticos, esto se debe al uso de emociones que son reconocidas por todo ser humano. Los desarrollos actuales realizan análisis de trafico de red y tiempo de respuesta para identificar si el usuario es humano o un programa malicioso, permitiendo a los atacantes acceder a otro tipo de información de usuario de una manera más simple, la ventaja de esta propuesta proviene del hecho de la regeneración del captcha y la redistribución de los números identificadores cada 2 minutos, reforzados por una serie de distorsiones aplicadas, de esta forma los atacantes no pueden acceder a información extra del usuario y debido al tiempo de regeneración lo hace inviable para él.
Identification of a New Species of the Medicinal Leeches in India using DNA Barcoding Technique - a Breakthrough
Authors: Phull Gaurav , Dhule Mukund , Phull Rekha , Gupta Manisha 
Published: June 2021

Leech therapy has always been an important treatment modality in Ayurveda. Medicinal leeches are known for their extensive therapeutic uses. Identification of leech species is an important research area to understand the mechanism of therapeutic gains and exploring more probable benefits. Researchers have done a swell job in identifying various species of leeches in different parts of Asia including India. For therapeutic purpose however, the clinicians in India have not bothered much about the exact identification of leech species being used at different centres. There is dearth of research papers in this aspect. Thus a study was planned to identify the species of leeches being used at our centre.
Materials and methods: DNA Barcoding technique was used where mitochondrial CO1 gene was amplified using LCO-HCO primers.
Results: DNA sequencing of Leech sample closely resembled to Hirudinaria Bpling species, which is a breakthrough in existing knowledge of medicinal leeches in India, as this species was recently reported to be found in Thailand in 2012 for the first time. No previous documentation of its existence is available in our country.
Conclusion: Further studies on large scale are required to explore their existence, morphological features and salivary contents in regard to their medicinal value. This will help in exploring any additional benefits to the existing knowledge of therapeutic uses of medicinal leeches. This study will pave the path to new avenues in therapeutic utility of leeches, as the newer species might have additional bioactive chemicals making them useful in wider variety of disorders.
B
ernard,
C
laude
Authors: Fagot‐Largeault A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A young man of a very modest extraction (his parents were vineyard workers), Claude Bernard received a pious and humanistic education, and started working as an assistant pharmacist. At 21 he ventured to Paris with the ambition of making a career in literature. He was advised rather to learn a job that would enable him to earn a living. He then turned to medicine, which he studied conscientiously, although clinical work did not much appeal to him. As a resident at the Hotel‐Dieu, under François Magendie, he realized what he really wanted to do: experimental work in physiology. For four years he assisted Magendie in his laboratory at the Collège de France, and became an expert at using animal vivisection to trace physiologic facts.
B
yar,
D
avid
P
Authors: Piantadosi Steven 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Born in 1938 in Lockland, OH; died in 1991 in Washington D.C. Byar was a leading clinical trials methodologist and proponent of structured experiments for making treatment inferences. He played an important role in teaching and advocating the strengths of clinical trials through his positions at the National Cancer Institute. He also made substantial contributions to epidemiology and studies of disease prevention.
Compositional Data: An Application to Brain Volumetric Visualization
Authors: Caffo Brian , Wang Zeyi , Faria Andreia , Zipunnikov Vadim , Miller Michael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCompositional data arises from proportions that sum to 1, such as summaries of demographics or proportional volumes. In many scientific settings, compositions are not a summary but are the unit‐ or subject‐specific measurement itself. In brain imaging, proportions summarizing volumetric compositions are typically such measures. Compositional data brings unique challenges for analysis and graphing. In this article, we overview the rational for looking at compositions and survey methods for the visualization of subject‐specific and summary compositional data. We use magnetic resonance brain imaging of a large collection of healthy subjects as an example to explore methods. We especially highlight interactive and static methods that can traverse compositional hierarchies.
Automated procedure for slice thickness verification of computed tomography images: Variations of slice thickness, position from iso‐center, and reconstruction filter
Authors: Lasiyah Nani , Anam Choirul , Hidayanto Eko , Dougherty Geoff 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study is to automate the slice thickness verification on the AAPM CT performance phantom and validate it for variations of slice thickness, position from iso‐center, and reconstruction filter.MethodsAn automatic procedure for slice thickness verification on AAPM CT performance phantom was developed using MATLAB R2015b. The stair object image within the phantom was segmented, and the middle stair object was located. Its angle was determined using the Hough transformation, and the image was rotated accordingly. The profile through this object was obtained, and its full‐width of half maximum (FWHM) was automatically measured. The FWHM indicated the slice thickness of the image. The automated procedure was applied with variations in three independent parameters, i.e., the slice thickness, the distance from the phantom to the iso‐center, and the reconstruction filter. The automated results were compared to manual measurements made using electronic calipers.ResultsThe differences of the automated results from the nominal slice thicknesses were within 1.0 mm. The automated results are comparable to those from manual approach (i.e., the difference of both is within 12%). The automatic procedure accurately obtained slice thickness even when the phantom was moved from the iso‐center position by up to 4 cm above and 4 cm below the iso‐center. The automated results were similar (to within 0.1 mm) for various reconstruction filters.ConclusionsWe successfully developed an automated procedure of slice thickness verification and confirmed that the automated procedure provided accurate results. It provided an easy and effective method of determining slice thickness.
Robust Molecular Dipole‐Enabled Defect Passivation and Control of Energy‐Level Alignment for High‐Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Bing , Li Hong , Dai Qingqing , Zhang Meng , Zou Zhigang , Brédas Jean‐Luc , Lin Zhiqun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe ability to passivate defects and modulate the interface energy‐level alignment (IEA) is key to boost the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we report a robust route that simultaneously allows defect passivation and reduced energy difference between perovskite and hole transport layer (HTL) via the judicious placement of polar chlorine‐terminated silane molecules at the interface. Density functional theory (DFT) points to effective passivation of the halide vacancies on perovskite surface by the silane chlorine atoms. An integrated experimental and DFT study demonstrates that the dipole layer formed by the silane molecules decreases the perovskite work function, imparting an Ohmic character to the perovskite/HTL contact. The corresponding PSCs manifest a nearly 20 % increase in power conversion efficiency over pristine devices and a markedly enhanced device stability. As such, the use of polar molecules to passivate defects and tailor the IEA in PSCs presents a promising platform to advance the performance of PSCs.
Tricomponent Supramolecular Multiblock Copolymers with Tunable Composition via Sequential Seeded Growth
Authors: Sarkar Aritra , Sasmal Ranjan , Das Angshuman , Venugopal Akhil , Agasti Sarit S. , George Subi J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSynthesis of supramolecular block co‐polymers (BCP) with small monomers and predictive sequence requires elegant molecular design and synthetic strategies. Herein we report the unparalleled synthesis of tri‐component supramolecular BCPs with tunable microstructure by a kinetically controlled sequential seeded supramolecular polymerization of fluorescent π‐conjugated monomers. Core‐substituted naphthalene diimide (cNDI) derivatives with different core substitutions and appended with β‐sheet forming peptide side chains provide perfect monomer design with spectral complementarity, pathway complexity and minimal structural mismatch to synthesize and characterize the multi‐component BCPs. The distinct fluorescent nature of various cNDI monomers aids the spectroscopic probing of the seeded growth process and the microscopic visualization of resultant supramolecular BCPs using Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM). Kinetically controlled sequential seeded supramolecular polymerization presented here is reminiscent of the multi‐step synthesis of covalent BCPs via living chain polymerization. These findings provide a promising platform for constructing unique functional organic heterostructures for various optoelectronic and catalytic applications.
Lithium‐Metal Anodes Working at 60 mA cm−2 and 60 mAh cm−2 through Nanoscale Lithium‐Ion Adsorbing
Authors: Ye Lei , Liao Meng , Cheng Xiangran , Zhou Xufeng , Zhao Yang , Yang Yibei , Tang Chengqiang , Sun Hao , Gao Yue , Wang Bingjie , Peng Huisheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAchieving high‐current‐density and high‐area‐capacity operation of Li metal anodes offers promising opportunities for high‐performing next‐generation batteries. However, high‐rate Li deposition suffers from undesired Li‐ion depletion especially at the electrolyte‐anode interface, which compromises achievable capacity and lifetime. Here, electronegative graphene quantum dots are synthesized and assembled into an ultra‐thin overlayer capable of efficient Li‐ion adsorbing at the nanoscale on Li‐metal to fully relieve Li‐ion depletion. The protected Li anode achieves long‐term reversible Li plating/stripping over 1000 h at both superior current density of 60 mA cm−2 and areal capacity of 60 mAh cm−2. Implementation of the protected anode allows for the construction of Li‐air full battery with both enhanced rate capability and cycling performance.
Model‐based fault diagnosis of networked systems: A survey
Authors: Song Jiahao , He Xiao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper reviews the latest development of fault diagnosis techniques of networked systems. Considering various challenges raised by unreliable local sensors, signal digitization, data transmission, as well as distributed architecture, recent progress on model‐based fault diagnosis of networked systems are overviewed. We summarize the typical application examples and the typical treatment methods related to scientific problems for better understanding the framework of this area. Some promising future fault diagnosis techniques in various scenarios, such as distributed systems, with communication protocols, with cyber security issues, with intelligent algorithm challenges, as well as within active fault diagnosis framework are discussed.
Mechano‐regulation of vascular network formation without branches in 3D bioprinted cell‐laden hydrogel constructs
Authors: Zhang Guangliang , Wang Zhan , Han Fengxuan , Jin Guangzhe , Xu Lei , Xu Hao , Su Hao , Wang Huan , Le Yingying , Fu Yi , Ju Jihui , Li Bin , Hou Ruixing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRestoration of a wound is a common surgical procedure in clinic. Currently, the skin required for clinical use is taken from the patient's own body. However, it can be difficult to obtain enough skin sources for large‐sized wounds and thus surgeons have started using commercial skin substitutes. The current commercial skin, which includes epidermis substitute, dermis substitute, and bilateral skin substitute, has been popularized in clinic. However, the application is limited by the occurrence of ischemia necrosis after transplantation. Recent studies suggest the use of pre‐vascularized skin substitutes for wound healing is a promising area in the research field of skin tissue engineering. Pre‐vascularization can be induced by changes in cultivation periods, exertion of mechanical stimuli, or coculture with endothelial cells and various factors. However, few methods could control the formation of vascular branches in engineering tissue in a self‐assembly way. In this study, we use three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology to confirm that a mechanical force can control the growth of blood vessels in the direction of mechanical stimulation with no branches, and that Yes‐associated protein activity is involved in the regulatory progress. In vivo experiments verified that the blood vessels successfully function for blood circulation, and maintain the same direction. Results provide a theoretical basis for products of pre‐vascularized skin tissues and other organs created by 3D bioprinting.
A case report of COVID‐19 in an asymptomatic patient with newly diagnosed breast cancer
Authors: Cen Cindy , Shiau Maria C. , Adams Sylvia , Schnabel Freya , Guth Amber 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCOVID‐19 can be especially dangerous in vulnerable populations such as those with cancer undergoing treatment. When it is discovered in an asymptomatic patient through imaging, there is a paucity of evidence‐based treatment recommendations.
Characteristics and outcomes of five patients with COVID‐19 and hematological malignancies
Authors: Citterio Chiara , Lazzaro Antonio , Bosi Costanza , De Ponzio Maurice , Cavanna Luigi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPatients with hematological cancer are at major risk of developing infectious complication. The prevention and treatment of COVID‐19 in these patients is challenging. This experience, with the limitation of a small number of patients, highlights that early treatment of COVID‐19 can overcome the infection, also in hematological patients.
A patient with paraganglioma undergoing laparoscopic resection: A case report
Authors: Yoshii Hisamichi , Izumi Hideki , Tajiri Takuma , Mukai Masaya , Nomura Eiji , Makuuchi Hiroyasu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractParaganglioma is a very rare extraadrenal nonepithelial tumor. The number of cases of laparoscopic surgery in Paraganglioma is small and controversial. This study encountered a case of successful transperitoneal laparoscopic surgery for a 56‐mm paraganglioma in a 53‐year‐old female. Moreover, previous reports on laparoscopic surgery for paraganglioma are reviewed.
An unexpected flush of translucent bile in prepapillary stone impaction and the gallbladder insitu(with video)
Authors: Zimmer Vincent 
Published: June 2021

Abstract‐ translucent, formerly referred to as “white bile,” is devoid of bilirubin and bile acids due to a lacking gallbladder in continuity.‐ traditionally attributed to malignant obstruction, rarely acute stone impaction may underlie a clear bile aspect.