bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spermatogenesis in a vulnerable South American cervid, dwarf red brocket (Mazama rufina)
Authors: Diaz Eduardo A. , Donoso Gustavo , Saenz Carolina , Aponte Pedro M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe brocket deer (Genus Mazama) is a highly diverse cervid group distributed from Mexico to Argentina, with a downward population trend. However, literature on the basic reproductive biology of the genus is scarce. This work aimed to study biometric, histological and stereological aspects of the testes of Dwarf Red Brocket (Mazama rufina). Testes from free‐ranging adult brockets (n = 3) were retrieved from necropsies. Testes were histologically processed. From histological images, several stereological parameters were estimated, and seminiferous epithelium cycle morphology was described. Testes volumes were between 8.2 and 18.4 ml and weights from 8.3 to 19.4 g. Gonadosomatic index (% paired‐testes weight to body weight) went from 0.17 to 0.64. The tubular cross‐sectional diameter was 179.8 ± 2.8 µm. Estimated volume densities for parenchyma and interstitium were 78.8% and 21.2% respectively. There were (in millions/ml) 96.0 ± 13.1 germ cells and 37.7 ± 6.0 somatic cells. Specific cell densities were (all expressed in millions/ml) as follows: spermatogonia 13.1 ± 4.2; primary spermatocytes 43.1 ± 5.0; round spermatids 36.8 ± 8.0 (lower density near the caudal pole, p < 0.01); sustentacular (Sertoli) cells 16.8 ± 4.1 and interstitial endocrine (Leydig) cells 17.4 ± 3.4. Sertoli cell index (germ cells per Sertoli cell) was 6.72. Eight stages of the cycle were described, and frequencies estimated, resembling those of goats. M. rufina adult testis anatomy is similar to that of other cervids and domestic ruminants, with an apparently lower spermatogenic efficiency. This work is a first approximation to the physiology of the testis of M. rufina. Basic knowledge of the reproductive physiology of vulnerable species may allow biotechnological approaches for the restitution of animal populations.
Compassion and person‐centred care: Survey development for aged care workers
Authors: Gordon Susan , Burns Rebecca , Champion Stephanie , Niutta Liana , Bennett Paul 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveWith a growing emphasis on personalised care, there is a need for effective workforce training to enable person‐centred care (PCC) in aged care practice. The Australian aged care workforce is very diverse; thus, tools to evaluate compassion and PCC training need to reflect an understanding of these concepts relevant to the Australian context. There are currently no tools validated for use in aged care settings in Australia.MethodsTwo existing compassion and PCC questionnaires were modified for an Australian audience using cognitive interviews with aged care workers. The reliability of the modified questionnaires was assessed.ResultsThe modified questionnaires were found to have acceptable inter‐reliability and test‐retest intra‐class correlation for the subscales and overall. However, the investigation also found low Cohen's kappa values between the test and retest responses for the individual items, subscales and overall, and had low inter‐class correlation for individual items, indicating poor inter‐rater agreement. High inter‐item correlation scores also suggest the questions encapsulate overly similar constructs.ConclusionsWhile further investigation of the psychometric properties of the new items is needed, these modified questionnaires may offer a method of assessing and re‐assessing compassion and PCC using language that is understandable to the Australian aged care workforce. Tools to accurately measure Australian aged care staff perceptions of compassion and their ability to deliver PCC are important to improve the quality of care provided in aged care and facilitate the delivery of PCC in aged care settings.
Advocating the rights of people with dementia to contribute to research: Considerations for researchers and ethics committees
Authors: O’Connor Claire M. C. , Liddle Jacki , O’Reilly Maria , Meyer Claudia , Cartwright Jade , Chisholm Marita , Conway Erin , Fielding Elaine , Fox Amanda , MacAndrew Margaret , Schnitker Linda , Travers Catherine , Watson Karen , While Christine , Bail Kasia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveResearch involving people with dementia is vital to appropriately inform policy and practice decisions affecting this population. As dementia‐care researchers, we frequently advocate to Human Research Ethics Committees for the right of people with dementia to choose whether to participate in research. This brief report provides some considerations for researchers and ethics committees.MethodDescriptive summary of principles that argue for inclusion of people with dementia in research studies.ResultsSpecifically excluding people living with dementia from research because of perceived cognitive impairment is inappropriate in light of human rights principles and the right to contribute to evidence‐based care.ConclusionsThere is a difference between capacity to provide informed consent and ability to provide perspectives that are valid for each individual. Providing the opportunity for a person with dementia to participate in research and offering support to do this is a matter of human rights.
Loss of adipose tissue or skeletal muscle during first‐line gemcitabine/nab‐paclitaxel therapy is associated with worse survival after second‐line therapy of advanced pancreatic cancer
Authors: Miki Masami , Lee Lingaku , Hisano Terumasa , Sugimoto Rie , Furukawa Masayuki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimProgression of cachexia indicated by decreased body weight and composition is associated with poor survival of advanced pancreatic cancer (APC). There are limited data concerning the prognostic effect of cachexia on second‐line chemotherapy (L2). We aimed to assess the impact of cachexia progression during first‐line therapy (L1) on survival after L2.MethodsWe reviewed patients with gemcitabine/nab‐paclitaxel (GEM/nabPTX)‐refractory APC who underwent L2 with modified FOLFIRINOX or S‐1 between 2015 and 2019 in our institution. We determined clinicopathological data including body composition parameters: subcutaneous fat area (SFA), visceral fat area (VFA), and skeletal muscle index (SMI). Correlations of changes in these parameters, as well as their effect on overall survival after L2 (OS2), were examined.ResultsMedian rates of change in SMI, SFA, and VFA were 0.19%, −4.17%, and −18.39%, respectively, in 59 patients during L1. Although there was moderate correlation in rate of change between SFA and VFA, there was no correlation between SMI and other parameters. We defined loss of SFA, VFA, and SMI as decreases greater than 8.5%, 34.1%, and 8.7%, respectively. Median OS2 of patients with loss in any of these parameters was significantly shorter than in patients without loss (3.83 vs. 8.73 months). Multivariate analysis revealed that loss in any parameters, performance status, and C‐reactive protein/albumin ratio were independent negative prognostic factors.ConclusionLoss of adipose tissue or skeletal muscle during L1 had a considerable impact on OS2 in APC refractory to GEM/nabPTX.
Clinical application of preserving spontaneous breathing non‐intubation anesthesia in thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer under ERAS concept
Authors: Qi Longzhou , Chen Ke , Luo Bin , Mao Guocai , Pan Liangbin , Huang Haitao , Li Jian , Chen Shaomu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the safety and feasibility of thoracoscopic surgery in patients with lung cancer under non‐intubation anesthesia, and to evaluate the advantages of the non‐intubation anesthesia compared with intubation anesthesia on enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS).MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted in which 100 patients who underwent thoracoscopic lung cancer surgery from January 2020 to February 2021 in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were included and divided into non‐intubation group (n = 50) and intubation group (n = 50). The primary outcome was the comparison of intra‐ and postoperative parameters. Secondary outcomes included inflammatory response indicators and intra‐ and postoperative complications.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the two groups in anesthesia effect score, blood loss, lowest pulse oxygen saturation, operation time, postoperative chest tube indwelling time (P > 0.05). Non‐intubation group had less intraoperative remifentanil dosage, less change of blood pressure and heart rate, lower postoperative pain numerical score(NRS), less medical costs, smaller incidence rate of throat discomfort (P < 0.05). The non‐intubation group was also associated with less extubation time, postanesthesia care unit recovery time, ambulation time, food intake time, postoperative antibiotic use time, and hospital stay (P < 0.05). The increase of C‐reactive protein in the non‐intubation group was lower than that in the intubation group (P < 0.05).ConclusionNon‐intubation anesthesia for thoracoscopic lung cancer surgery is safe and feasible. Compared with the intubation anesthesia, it has advantages in ERAS and reducing medical costs.
Media Coverage and Cash Holding Adjustment*
Authors: Cho Hyungjin , Cho Meeok , Kim Sehee 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates how companies adjust their cash holdings in response to media coverage. We find that firms with more media coverage and more negative tone of media coverage move the level of cash holdings faster toward the target level. More importantly, the association between media attention and cash holding adjustment speed is weaker for firms affiliated with business groups, indicating that close relationship between media and business groups impairs the monitoring role of media. These findings support the monitoring role of media in improving the efficiency in cash management.
Splenic auto‐transplantation after splenectomy for trauma: evaluation of a new technique
Authors: Badawy Amr , Bessa Samer S. , Hussein Alaa , Wael Mohamed , El‐Sayes Islam A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundSplenic autotransplantation is a promising method to recover splenic functions after traumatic splenectomy. However, it is associated with several postoperative complications, such as subphrenic abscess, intestinal obstruction and torsion of the omentum with necrosis of the implanted splenic tissues. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate a new splenic autotransplantation technique that could overcome those complications.Materials and methodsA single segment of the spleen was implanted inside a pedunculated omental pouch and fixed in the native site of the spleen in 15 patients who underwent splenectomy for abdominal trauma. This group of patients was compared with the next 17 patients who underwent splenectomy alone. Additionally, splenic functions of the patient and control groups were evaluated 3 months using peripheral blood smear [the presence of Howell–Jolly (HJ) bodies] and abdominal contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CECT).ResultsAll patients who underwent splenic autotransplantation showed evidence of a well‐vascularised splenic tissue on CECT and normal peripheral blood smear without HJ bodies 3 months postoperatively. No postoperative complications related to splenic autotransplantation were observed, and platelet count after 3 months was significantly higher in patients who underwent splenectomy only (p = 0.04).ConclusionsSplenic autotransplantation using the aforementioned technique could restore splenic functions with minimum postoperative complications related to the procedure.
Evaluating comforting messages with the sentiment analysis and social cognition engine
Authors: Szkody Erica , McKinney Cliff 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe current study extended the literature on social support by examining the differences in the word content of supportive messages using a free online linguistic tool called sentiment analysis and social cognition engine (SEANCE) across multiple levels. Participants created supportive messages in response to vignettes of distressed individuals, which were evaluated with SEANCE for word content and coded by researchers for person‐centeredness. Word content was significantly different by level of person‐centeredness, biological sex of support provider, and the recipient of support. The results suggest that tools such as SEANCE may help to identify levels of person‐centeredness beyond that of a trained coder and that future research should examine the individual differences of support provider and recipient when evaluating message content.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: environmental and dietary differences of inflammatory bowel disease in Eastern and Western populations
Authors: Zhao Min , Feng Rui , Ben‐Horin Shomron , Zhuang Xiaojun , Tian Zhenyi , Li Xiaozhi , Ma Ruiqi , Mao Ren , Qiu Yun , Chen Minhu 
Published: November 2021

SummaryBackgroundWhile the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has stabilised in the West, it is still increasing in several newly industrialised countries.AimsTo investigate whether the environmental and dietary risk factors for IBD differ between Eastern and Western populationsMethodsWe systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for studies published from inception through June 30, 2020. Data were pooled using a random effects model.ResultsOverall, 255 studies were assessed. We identified 25 risk factors for IBD, seven of which were noted in both Eastern and Western populations: family history of Crohn's disease [CD] or ulcerative colitis [UC], former smoking (CD/UC), smoking (CD), appendicectomy (CD), tonsillectomy (CD), meat and meat products (CD), and vitamin D deficiency (UC). The remaining factors, including urban living, current smoking, antibiotics, oral contraceptives, caesarean section, isotretinoin, total energy, fat, cholesterol, fatty acids and their sub‐classifications, eggs, and soft drinks, were associated with an increased risk of IBD in Western or Eastern populations only. We identified 21 protective factors for IBD, among which eight were common in the East and West: farm animals (CD/UC), Helicobacter pylori infection (CD/UC), multiple births (CD), physical activity (CD), history of breastfeeding (CD), pets (UC), current smoking (UC), and coffee intake (UC). Ten factors conferred protection against IBD in Western populations only, whereas eight factors conferred protection against IBD in Eastern populations only.ConclusionsNumerous environmental and dietary factors influenced the development of IBD in both Western and Eastern populations, whereas certain factors influenced IBD risk differently in these populations.
Systematic review: disease activity indices for immune checkpoint inhibitor‐associated enterocolitis
Authors: Ma Christopher , MacDonald John K. , Nguyen Tran M. , Chang Joshua , Vande Casteele Niels , Feagan Brian G. , Jairath Vipul 
Published: November 2021

SummaryBackgroundAlthough there is interest in developing pharmacotherapies for the treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor‐associated enterocolitis (ICIC), there is currently no consensus on how to optimally measure disease activity in this condition.AimsTo identify all scoring indices used for the measurement of disease activity in ICIC, assess their operating properties, and explore their potential utility as outcome measures.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library from inception to November 2020 to identify studies that evaluated disease activity and severity in patients with ICI‐associated enterocolitis. These scoring tools could be designed specifically for ICIC or adapted from other diseases, and assessed clinical, endoscopic, or histologic disease activity.ResultsSixty‐four studies were included. The Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events is commonly used to describe symptoms, although has only been partially validated and was not designed as a disease activity index. Endoscopic and histologic indices used in inflammatory bowel disease have been adopted for ICIC including the Mayo Endoscopic Subscore, Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity, Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease, Nancy Histological Index, Robarts Histopathological Index, and Geboes Score, among others. None of these indices has been validated for use in ICIC, and all lacked content validity and responsiveness.ConclusionsThere are no validated clinical, endoscopic, or histologic outcomes to assess disease activity in ICIC. Development and validation of reliable and responsive outcome measures that can be used to measure disease activity will be paramount for both clinical practice and for the development of treatments.
Gene–gene interactions in the protein kinase C/endothelial nitric oxide synthase axis impact the hypotensive effects of propofol
Authors: Oliveira‐Paula Gustavo H. , Pereira Daniela A. , Pinheiro Lucas C. , Ferreira Graziele C. , Paula‐Garcia Waynice N. , Garcia Luis V. , Lacchini Riccardo , Luizon Marcelo R. , Tanus‐Santos Jose E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAnaesthesia with propofol is frequently associated with hypotension, which is at least partially attributable to increased nitric oxide (NO) formation derived from the activation of protein kinase C (PKC)/endothelial NO synthase (NOS3) axis. In this cross‐sectional study, we tested whether PRKCA (which encodes PKCα) polymorphisms, or haplotypes, and interactions among PRKCA and NOS3 polymorphisms affect the hypotensive responses to propofol. We collected venous blood samples from 164 patients before and 10 min after propofol administration. Genotypes were determined by PCR and haplotype frequencies were estimated. Nitrite and NOx (nitrites+nitrates) levels were measured by using an ozone‐based chemiluminescence assay and the Griess reaction, respectively. We used multifactor dimensionality reduction to test interactions among PRKCA and NOS3 polymorphisms. Propofol promoted enhanced blood pressure‐lowering effects and increased nitrite levels in subjects carrying GA + AA genotypes for the rs16960228 and TC + CC genotypes for the rs1010544 PRKCA polymorphisms, and the CCG haplotype. Moreover, genotypes for the rs1010544 PRKCA polymorphism were associated with higher or lower blood pressure decreases in response to propofol depending on the genotypes for the rs2070744 NOS3 polymorphism. Our findings suggest that PRKCA genotypes and haplotypes impact the hypotensive responses to propofol, possibly by modifying NO bioavailability, and that PRKCA‐NOS3 interactions modify the blood pressure‐lowering effects of propofol.
Ad hominem rhetoric in scientific psychology
Authors: Holcombe Alex O. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAd hominem discourse is largely prohibited in scientific journals. Historically, this prohibition restricted the dissemination of ad hominem discussion, but during the last decade, blogs and social media platforms became popular among researchers. With the use of social media now entrenched among researchers, there are important questions about the role of ad hominems. Ad hominems and other forms of strong criticism became particularly evident in online discussions associated with the recent replication crisis in psychology. Here, these discussions, and a few incidences of ad hominems in journal articles, are situated in the broader history of science. It is argued that explicit codes of conduct should be considered to curb certain kinds of ad hominem comments in certain fora, but that some ad hominem discussions have an important role to play in a healthier science.
Nature, timing and magnitude of buried Late Cretaceous magmatism on the central West Iberian Margin
Authors: Pereira Ricardo , Mata João , Ramalho Ricardo S. , Rosas Filipe M. , Silva Beatriz , Represas Patrícia , Escada Cláudia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe magma‐poor West Iberian Margin (WIM), as part of the Peri‐Atlantic alkaline province, records multiple evidence for intra‐plate post‐rift magmatism. Based on high‐resolution multichannel seismic data, this work discusses the presence of large volcanic and intrusive features in the Estremadura Spur, providing evidence for important magmatic activity during the drifting of the continental margin. Our observations reveal distinct voluminous fissure‐fed effusive sequences and the details of the 2800 m‐high Fontanelas compound volcano, including its external and internal architecture, secondary vents and associated lava flows, all of which were probably extruded at intermediate water depths. Numerous and morphologically diverse sills and sill complexes are also described, attesting to the presence of a Late Cretaceous shallow magmatic plumbing system in the area. Magmatism in this region is interpreted as having occurred during two main pulses and types of activity: (1) Coniacian to lower Campanian(?) age, characterised by fissural and fault‐controlled volcanism, which mostly extruded massive lobate/sheet lava flows; and (2) a second voluminous intrusive and extrusive event of mid to late Campanian age, which includes the intrusion of the Estremadura Spur laccolith and the prominent Fontanelas compound volcano with associated dendritic lava flows. The inferred volumes of the first fissure‐fed effusive event suggest a large eruption magnitude, comparable to some of the largest historical effusive eruptions. The second magmatic pulse led to the emplacement of discrete clusters of sills and sill complexes, as well as the construction of the ca. 2.8‐km‐high Fontanelas volcano, suggesting a syn‐rift structural inheritance that controlled the location of the Estremadura Spur Intrusion and the Fontanelas volcanic area. Altogether, a total volume of rock exceeding 1.452 km3 is estimated to have been emplaced or extruded in this region in a relatively short period, attesting to the prominence of the magmatism in this sector of the WIM.
The role of cognitive flexibility in weight loss after severe obesity surgery—A retrospective study
Authors: Santos Monteiro Pedro , Ribeiro Olga Rodrigues , Ribeiro Filipa 
Published: November 2021

SummaryCognitive flexibility (CF) is a fundamental skill for behavioural regulation and adaptation during the weight‐loss process. Research suggests that bariatric surgery (BS) candidates underperform consistently in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), which is a neuropsychological instrument that measures this ability. The current study explored the predictive value of preoperative performance in WCST CF dimensions alongside relevant psychological factors on weight loss after BS. The sample comprised 100 female patients who underwent BS in a public hospital in Lisbon, Portugal. We collected data using the WCST, the Hopkins Symptom Checklist‐90‐Revised (SCL‐90‐R), and the Binge Eating Scale (BES). Multiple linear regression (MLR) analyses were performed to obtain explanatory models of total weight loss at 12‐ and 24‐postoperative months (TWL1 and TWL2, respectively). MLR identified the number of preservative responses as a highly significant predictor of TWL1 (p < 0.01), and the SCL‐90‐R obsession–compulsion and anxiety indices as highly significant predictors of TWL1 and TWL2 (p < 0.01). The number of preservative responses was a relevant predictor of weight loss at 12 months. Persisting in maladaptive cognitive strategies was associated with a lesser weight loss during the important period after BS that requires the adoption new lifestyle habits.