bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature Dependence of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Relaxation Time in Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Shao Wei , Chen Songhua , Hursan Gabor , Ma Shouxiang 
Published: December 2021

Summary
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based interpretation models are commonly calibrated using laboratory ambient core NMR measurements. For applying the core calibrated models to downhole NMR logging interpretation, the difference between the NMR responses measured at ambient and reservoir temperature needs to be evaluated. The temperature dependence of NMR relaxation time in high-quality (HQ) carbonate reservoirs has been studied, and NMR temperature dependence models were established using data analytic methods. In this paper, we extend our early studies on temperature dependence of NMR relaxation time to low-quality (LQ) carbonate formations.
For more than 95% of the LQ samples investigated, NMR relaxation time shows a positive correlation with temperature. The correlation is similar to that observed in HQ carbonate rocks but slightly less significant. Temperature-dependent correlations for predicting the geometric mean of NMR transverse relaxation time (T2,GM) from a measured temperature to any other temperature were derived from HQ to LQ carbonate rocks independently first, then a unified T2,GM correlation was derived including both the HQ and LQ carbonate reservoirs. Predicting NMR transverse relaxation time T2 distribution from one temperature to other temperatures was achieved using a dimension reduction approach involving the principal component analysis (PCA) technique. It was found that the T2 distributions at any given temperature for both HQ and LQ carbonate reservoirs can be predicted robustly from the T2 distributions at the ambient temperature by representing the T2 distributions with principal components (PCs) at the ambient temperature and then using these PCs to predict the PCs at a different temperature. The optimal number of PC components depends on the multimodality of the T2 distribution.
This work extends the validity range of the data analytic methods, in particular parameter and dimension reduction methods, that quantify the temperature dependence of carbonate NMR properties. The new NMR temperature model enables the integration of NMR laboratory studies and downhole measurements for advanced petrophysical analyses in a wide range of carbonate reservoirs.
Wellbore Integrity: An Integrated Experimental and Numerical Study to Investigate Pore Pressure Variation during Cement Hardening under Downhole Conditions
Authors: Zhang Weicheng , Eckert Andreas , Hilgedick Steven , Goodman Harvey , Meng Meng 
Published: December 2021

Summary
Understanding the cement hardening process and determining the development of the state of stress in the cement under specific downhole conditions are challenging but fundamental requirements to perform an accurate prediction of wellbore integrity. As an essential component of the state of stress, the temporal variation of cement pore pressure is a critical factor that affects the occurrence of cement failure. In this study, we present a novel laboratory setup to measure the cement pore pressure variation during hardening under representative downhole conditions, including the pressure, temperature, and water exchange between the cement and formation. The pore pressure measurements are further incorporated with a staged finite element analysis (FEA) approach to investigate the state of stress development during cement hardening and to evaluate cement failure under different operations and after different wait-on-cement (WOC) periods. The laboratory measurements show that the external water supply from the formation significantly impedes the pore pressure drop in the cement. The numerical results indicate that the accelerated pore pressure decrease obtained without considering downhole conditions elevates the contact pressure at the cement-formation interfaces significantly and moderately increases the von Mises stress in the cement. The numerical results further predict that the accelerated pore pressure decrease leads to an overestimation of shear failure during pressure testing and steamflooding operations but an underestimation of debonding failure during severe fluid loss and injection-related cooling processes. Based on the results of the integrated laboratory and numerical approach, qualitative and quantitative suggestions are provided for field operations to inhibit wellbore integrity risk during the wellbore life cycle.
A simplified method for generating human inner ear organoids from pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Zhang Jingyuan , Valk Wouter van der , Steinhart Matthew , Koehler Karl 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The inner ear detects sound, head movements, and gravity using specialized epithelial cells and neurons. Decreased function in these cells can lead to hearing loss and dizziness. Inner ear disorders impact millions worldwide; however, current therapeutic options are limited. While animal models are a powerful system to assess auditory and vestibular dysfunction, in vitro inner ear models are gaining importance in translational research. Here, we provide a stepwise approach for generating inner ear organoids (IEOs), which contain supporting cells, hair cells, and neurons. Our differentiation regimen, using defined medium components and diluted extracellular matrix proteins, guides a 3D spheroid of pluripotent stem cells into otic progenitor cells by mimicking the environmental cues that occur during fetal development. Control of the TGF and BMP pathways early in the culture, promotes patterning of the spheroid, with an outer layer of surface ectoderm and an inner core of neuroectoderm. Later, FGF activation and BMP inhibition induce placode formation in the outer layer and neural crest cell migration from the core. These two cell lineages co-develop into otic vesicle-like structures surrounded by a layer of mesenchymal, neuronal, and glial cells that can be maintained in culture for over 100 days. The IEOs described in this protocol are a promising tool for otology research.
Development of a Framework for the Implementation of Synchronous Digital Mental Health: A Realist Synthesis of Systematic Reviews
Authors: Villarreal-Zegarra David , Alarcon-Ruiz Christoper A. , Melendez-Torres GJ , Torres-Puente Roberto , Navarro-Flores Alba , Cavero Victoria , Ambrosio-Melgarejo Juan , Rojas-Vargas Jefferson , Almeida Guillermo , Albitres-Flores Leonardo , Romero-Cabrera Alejandra B. , Huarcaya-Victoria Jeff 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: The use of technologies has served to reduce gaps in access to treatment and digital health interventions show promise in the care of mental health problems. However, to understand what and how these interventions work, it's imperative to document the aspects related to their challenging implementation. Objective: To determine what evidence is available for synchronous digital mental health implementation and develop a framework, informed by a realist review, to explain what makes digital mental health interventions work for people with mental health problems.Methods: The SPIDER framework was used to develop the following review question: What makes digital mental health interventions with a synchronous component work on people with mental health problems, including depression, anxiety, or stress, based on implementation, economic, quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies? MEDLINE, EBM Reviews, PsycINFO, EMBASE, SCOPUS, CINAHL Complete, and Web of Science databases from 1st January 2015 to September 2020 were searched. Realist synthesis analysis allowed for developing a framework on the implementation of synchronous digital mental health using a grounded theory approach with an emergent approach.Results: 21 systematic reviews were included in the study. The realist synthesis allowed the development of three hypotheses to identify the context and mechanisms in which these interventions achieve these outcomes: Hypothesis 1: These interventions reach populations otherwise unable to have access because they do not require the physical presence of the therapist nor the patient, thereby tackling geographic barriers posed by in-person therapy. Hypothesis 2: These interventions reach populations otherwise unable to have access because they can be successfully delivered by non-specialists, which makes them more cost-effective to implement in health services. Hypothesis 3: These interventions are acceptable and show good results in satisfaction, because they require less need of disclosure and provide more privacy, comfortability, and participation, enabling the establishment of rapport with the therapist.Conclusion: We developed a framework with three hypotheses that explain what makes digital mental health interventions with a synchronous component work on people with mental health problems. Each hypothesis represented essential outcomes in the implementation process.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO (CRD420203811).
Key Time Points After Bariatric Surgery, From Weight Loss To Weight Regain: Long-Term Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hatami Mahsa , Pazouki Abdolreza , Hosseini-Baharanchi Fatemeh Sadat , Kabir Ali 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background and Objective:

Bariatric surgery may lead to an unsuccessful weight loss, weight loss plateau, and even weight regain in different time points after various types of surgery. Despite the numerous studies investigated bariatric surgery-induced weight loss, the long-term results of surgery, after repetitive weight fluctuations, is not really clear and remains as one of the most important concerns. The aim of the present study was to determine the key time points of weight changes after three types of bariatric surgery, and the estimation of five-year weight loss after surgery.
Setting:

This is a retrospective cohort study including patients with morbid obesity conducted in the obesity clinic of Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center of Iran University of Medical Sciences.
Methods

The subjects underwent one of the three types of bariatric surgeries including laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), and one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) which had been followed up to five years after surgery. The percentage lost to follow-up was 34% until five-year after surgery.
Results

The mean %EWL a total of 2567 morbid obese participants (mean age=39.03, mean BMI=45.67) in the first six months after surgery was independent of the type of surgery. Ninth and 24th month after surgery were the times that OAGB and then RYGB induced weight loss sped up rather than LSG, respectively. Weight plateau and weight regain were initiated earlier (at 18th month) and more (18.23% of maximum EWL %) in LSG in the period of five years. The %EWL in time intervals of 3-6, 6-9, and 9-12 months after LSG, RYGB, and OAGB, respectively; could estimate the long-term five years %EWL after surgery.
Conclusion

OAGB provides the fastest and highest %EWL, and LSG induced the earliest and most weight plateau and weight regain during five years interval post-surgery. The pattern of early weight loss could predict the long-term outcome of bariatric surgery. So early identification of suboptimal weight loss could allow consideration of earlier postoperative intervention to enhance long-term weight loss.
Potassium-Induced Emission Enhancement of Bovine Serum Albumin-Stabilized Red-Emitting Au Nanoclusters: Mechanism and Application to Blood Plasma
Authors: Hidayat Achmad , Wawrzyniak Nicole , Domanski Adam , Shibata Yutaka , Hori Akiko , Hashimoto Shuichi , Rzeznicka Izabela 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) enhancement is attractive for bioimaging as it offers higher quantum yields (QYs) from fluorophores via modulation of their immediate environment. Fluorophores with high QYs are essential probes for investigating the spatiotemporal distribution of physiologically important metal ions such sodium and potassium. Potassium ions are vital for normal function of living organisms. The research reported here evaluates the emission intensity of the bovine serum albumin-stabilized red-emitting gold nanoclusters (BSA-rAuNCs) upon uptake of K+. The integrated sphere method was used to determine the absolute QYs and a custom-built fluorescence setup recorded the emission spectra of BSA-rAuNCs. Enhancement of emission intensity was observed upon increasing K+ concentration, within the physiological concentration range of 0 - 150 mM. The emission enhancement was correlated with the particle size and charge analysis. Aggregation of BSA-rAuNCs was found to be responsible for the observed emission enhancement. The QY of BSA-rAuNCs in bovine blood plasma was found to be four times lower than corresponding QY in water.
Perioperative Outcomes of Non-intubated Versus Intubated Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery in Different Thoracic Procedures: a Propensity Score-matched Analysis
Authors: Pathonsamit Chompunoot , Tantraworasin Apichat , Poopipatpab Sujaree , Laohathai Sira 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Non-intubated video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (NIVATS) is increasingly performed in different types of thoracic procedures. Based on the anesthetic perspective, the outcomes of this method are limited. General anesthesia with intubation and controlled ventilation for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (IVATS) is a standard technique. The current study aimed to compare the pulmonary gas exchange between NIVATS and IVATS, with a focus on desaturation event.Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at Vajira Hospital. Data were collected from the hospital medical record database between January 9, 2019, and May 15, 2020. A propensity score-matched analysis was used to adjust the confounders by indications and contraindication between NIVATS and IVATS. The perioperative outcomes of VATS and NIVATS were compared by the regression analysis method.Results: In total, 180 patients were included in the analysis. There were 98 and 82 patients in the NIVATS and IVATS groups, respectively. After a propensity score matching, the number of patients with similar characteristics decreased to 52 per group. None of the patients in both groups experienced desaturation. The lowest oxygen saturation of the NIVATS and IVATS groups did not significantly differ (96.5% vs. 99%, respectively; p = 0.185). The NIVATS group had a significantly higher ETco2 peak than the IVATS group (43 vs. 36 mmHg, respectively; p < 0.001). According to the regression analysis, the NIVATS group had a significantly shorter anesthetic induction time (Mean difference (MD) = -5.135 min (95 % CI = (- 8.878)- (-1.391)) and lower volume of blood loss (MD =-75.565 ml (95%CI = (- 131.08) - (- 20.65) but a higher intraoperative ETCO2 than the IVATS group (MD = 4.561 mmHg (95%CI=1.852 - 7.269). Four patients in the NIVATS group required conversion to intubation due to difficulties encountered when using the surgical technique (7.7%, p = 0.041). Seven patients in the IVATS group, but none in the NIVATS group, presented with sore throat (13.5% vs. 0%, respectively; p = 0.006). Moreover, none of the patients in both groups experienced postoperative pneumonia, underwent reoperation, or died.Conclusions: The anesthetic and surgical outcomes of NIVATS were comparable to those of IVATS.
Investigation on Pollution Control Device (PCD) In Foundry Industry to Reduce Environmental Chemicals
Authors: Ramaswamy Krishnaraj , Jule Leta Tesfaye , Nagaraj Nagaprasad , subramanian Kumaran , Ramaswamy Shanmugam , Dwarampudi Priyanka 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Right from the olden days, many products have been made according to foundry practices in order to generate prosperity in the societies in which they operate, while reaping these types of benefits through the operation of foundries. It is alarming that the emissions released by foundries affect human health. Therefore, foundries installed Pollution Control devices (PCDs), in accordance with this development; researchers examined the effectiveness of these PCDs in controlling emissions from foundries in different parts of the world. The emission control obtained by installing these PCDs is explained in this article based on the data gathered from the survey. The result of the study indicated that the cartridge filter built into the induction furnace achieves the best efficiency in controlling contamination from foundries. Interestingly, the operation of the cartridge filter has yet to be documented. Therefore, the construction, operation, the performance of the cartridge filter, and its efficiency in achieving contamination control in foundries are described. The article ends by emphasizing the need to conduct surveys in foundries in which a cartridge filter is installed. The results of this study will provide useful information on the use of cartridge filters in induction furnaces to reduce foundry emissions.
Remnant Cholesterol and Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study in Northern China
Authors: Liu Min , Zhang Nan , Fang Xing , Bao Han , Yan Tao , Zhu Hao , Zhao Yifan , Zhang Wei , Bi Yanqing , Tian Zixuan , Miao Yu , Wang Jingyu , Zhang Xingguang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background:Heterogeneity exists in the relationship of remnant cholesterol (RC) with cardiovascular disease. In this study, we examined the association between RC and ischemic cardiovascular disease (ICVD) risks and the RC-related risk beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) among people in northern China.Methods:We determined the lipid profile among 65,236 people aged 35–75 years, enrolled between 2015 and 2017, who lived in Inner Mongolia for more than 6 months. Adjusted logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between RC concentration and ICVD risks. Results:In total, 2350 ICVD events were included in the study. RC was significantly associated with the risk of ICVD, CHD events, and ischemic stroke (IS) (ICVD odds ratio [OR] fourth quartile vs first quartile( Q4 vs Q1) 1.253, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.104–1.421, P trend<0.001; CHD events ORQ4 vs Q1 1.222, 95% CI 1.018–1.466, P trend=0.034; IS ORQ4 vs Q1 1.288, 95% CI 1.090–1.522, P trend=0.001). This association remained significant after including LDL-C and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Moreover, the discordant high RC/low LDL-C groupwas associated with increased ICVD risk compared with the low RC/low LDL-C group (OR 1.174, 95% CI 1.029–1.339). Similar results were obtained when adjusting for traditional risk factors of ICVD. Conclusions: We found that RC was associated with an increased risk of ICVD independent of traditional risk factors, LDL-C, and HDL-C levels. The interaction of RC and LDL-C was associated with the risk of ICVD risks.
HPV16 E6 Gene Polymorphisms and the Functions of the Mutation Site in Cervical Cancer Among Uygur and Han Women in Xinjiang
Authors: Xin Huizhen , Pan Zhenzhen , Zhe Xiangyi , Zhang Chunhe , Li Hongtao , Zheng Weinan , Long Haichen , Shao Renfu , Li Dongmei , Pan Zemin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: To investigate the genotype distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) in infected Uygur and Han women in Xinjiang; analyze the HPV16 E6 gene polymorphism site and relationship with the development of cervical cancer.Methods: The HPV16 E6 sequence was analyzed using the European standard prototype to perform an evolutionary tree. HPV16 E6-295T/350T, 295G/350G, and 295T/350G GV230 vectors were stably transfected into cervical cancer C33A cells to analyze the cell proliferation, migration and invasion, apoptosis by CCK8 and clonogenic assays, transwell and cell scratch assays, FACS experiments. Results: The total HPV infection rate was 26.390% (760/2879), whereas the Uygur 22.87% (196/857) and the Han was 27.89% (564/2022) (P < 0.05). Among 110 mutations, 65 cases of E6 genes were mutated at nucleotide 350 (T350G) with the leucine changing to valine (L83V). Moreover, there were 7 cases of E6 gene mutated at nucleotide 295 (T295G) with aspartic changing to glutamic (D64E). When E6 vector(s) of mutations sites were transfected into C33A cells, they were found to promote cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, and inhibit apoptosis. The 295T/350G had the strongest effect on C33A cells and 295G/350G was significantly stronger than 295T/350T (P < 0.05).Conclusions: The positive HPV infection rates differed between the Uygur and Han in Xinjiang, and the genotype distribution of infection was different. After transfecting C33A cells with different eukaryotic expression vectors, the 295T/350G mutation site promoted the proliferation，migration, and invasion of C33A cells to a greater extent than 295G/350G; however, 295G/350G had a stronger effect than 295T/350T.
Identifying and addressing conflicting results across multiple discordant systematic reviews on the same question: Protocol for a replication study of the Jadad algorithm
Authors: Lunny Carole , Thirugnanasampanthar Sai Surabi , Kanji Salman , Ferri Nicola , Pieper Dawid , Whitelaw Sera , Thabet Pierre , Tasmin Sara , Nelson Harrison , Reid Emma , Zhang Jia He (Janet) , Kalkat Banveer , Chi Yuan , Thompson Jacqueline Y , Abdoulrezzak Reema , Zheng Di Wen (Wendy) , Pangka Lindy R.S. , Wang Dian (Xin Ran) , Safavi Parisa , Sooch Anmol , Kang Kevin T. , Tricco Andrea C 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction: An increasing growth of systematic reviews (SRs) presents notable challenges for decision-makers seeking to answer clinical questions. In 1997, an algorithm was created by Jadad to assess discordance in results across SRs on the same question. Our study aims to (a) replicate assessments done in a sample of studies using the Jadad algorithm to determine if the same SR would have been chosen, (b) evaluate the Jadad algorithm in terms of utility, efficiency, and comprehensiveness, and (c) describe how authors address discordance in results across multiple SRs. Methods and Analysis: We will use a database of 1218 overviews (2000-2020) created from a bibliometric study as the basis of our search for studies assessing discordance (called Discordant Reviews). This bibliometric study searched MEDLINE (Ovid), Epistemonikos, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for overviews. We will include any study using Jadad (1997) or another method to assess discordance. The first 30 studies screened at the full-text stage by two independent reviewers will be included. We will replicate the authors’ Jadad assessments. We will compare our outcomes qualitatively and evaluate the differences between our Jadad assessment of discordance and the authors’ assessment. Ethics and Dissemination: No ethics approval was required as no human subjects were involved. In addition to publishing in an open-access journal, we will disseminate evidence summaries through formal and informal conferences, academic websites, and across social media platforms. This is the first study to comprehensively evaluate and replicate Jadad algorithm assessments of discordance across multiple SRs.