bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Situation of Small Molecules Targeting Key Proteins in combatting
SARS-CoV-2: Synthesis, Metabolic Pathway, Mechanism of Action, and
Potential Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Sorouri Farzaneh , Emamgholipour Zahra , Keykhaee Maryam , Najafi Alireza , Firoozpour Loghman , Sabzevari Omid , Sharifzadeh Mohammad , Foroumadi Alireza , Khoobi Mehdi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract:
Due to the high mortality rate of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic,
there is an immediate need to discover drugs that can help before a vaccine becomes available. Given
that the process of producing new drugs is so long, the strategy of repurposing existing drugs is one of
the promising options for the urgent treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19 disease. Although FDA has approved Remdesivir for
the use in hospitalized adults and pediatric patients suffering from COVID-19, no fully effective and
reliable drug has been yet identified worldwide to treat COVID-19 specifically. Thus, scientists are
still trying to find antivirals specific to COVID-19. This work reviews the chemical structure, metabolic
pathway, and mechanism of action of the existing drugs with potential therapeutic applications
for COVID-19. Furthermore, we summarized the molecular docking stimulation of the medications
related to key protein targets. These already established drugs could be further developed, and after
their testing through clinical trials, they could be used as suitable therapeutic options for patients suffering
from COVID-19.
Sexual Dysfunction in Men and Women with Diabetes: A Reflection of their Complications?
Authors: Sansone Andrea , Mollaioli Daniele , Ciocca Giacomo , Limoncin Erika , Colonnello Elena , Jannini Emmanuele A. 
Published: March 2021

Background.:
Diabetes mellitus (DM), one of the worldwide leading causes of death, is
associated with a plethora of micro- and macro-vascular complications which should be carefully
investigated and, in case, treated in order to improve quality of life and reduce the risk of premature
mortality.

Objective:
The study aimed to investigate and report current evidence with regard to the association
between sexual dysfunction and diabetes.

Methods:
A detailed analysis of current literature has been performed on PubMed and Scholar in
order to retrieve the most relevant findings pertaining to the study topic.

Results:
Female and male sexual dysfunction often occurs in diabetes; while cardiovascular complications
are clearly involved, psychosexological factors, endocrine complications, and endothelial
dysfunction all contribute to the pathogenesis of sexual dysfunctions. Psychological symptoms are
seldom investigated, yet they should not be overlooked by the clinician; in fact, an interplay between
sexual dysfunctions and depressive symptoms has been reported, and beneficial effects in
both conditions might be obtained by adequate psychological support. Sexual dysfunctions can also
act as early biomarkers of cardiovascular disease, a phenomenon frequently reported in men, in
which erectile dysfunction predicts the development of coronary artery disease. Additionally, drug
therapies can act in both directions, with treatments for diabetes possibly improving male sexual
function and exerting beneficial effects for cardiovascular health being reported for pro-erectile
drugs.

Conclusion:
Sexual dysfunctions often occur in men and women with diabetes. Investigating micro-
and macro-vascular complications might not be enough to prevent the development or worsening
of any sexual dysfunction; endocrine and psychological assessments are therefore needed to
provide the best chances for adequate treatment.
Precision Oncology, Signaling, and Anticancer Agents in Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Advani Dia , Sharma Sudhanshu , Kumari Smita , Ambasta Rashmi K. , Kumar Pravir 
Published: March 2021

Background:The global alliance for genomics and healthcare facilities provides innovative solutions to expedite research and clinical practices for complex and incurable health conditions. Precision oncology is an emerging field explicitly tailored to facilitate cancer diagnosis, prevention, and treatment based on patients’ genetic profiles. Advancements in “omics” techniques, next-generation sequencing, artificial intelligence, and clinical trial designs provide a platform for assessing the efficacy and safety of combination therapies and diagnostic procedures.Method:Data were collected from PubMed and Google Scholar using keywords “Precision medicine,” “precision medicine and cancer,” “anticancer agents in precision medicine,” and reviewed comprehensively.Results:Personalized therapeutics, including immunotherapy and cancer vaccines, serve as a groundbreaking solution for cancer treatment. Herein, we take a measurable view of precision therapies and novel diagnostic approaches targeting cancer treatment. The contemporary applications of precision medicine have also been described, along with various hurdles identified in the successful establishment of precision therapeutics.Conclusion:This review highlights the key breakthroughs related to immunotherapies, targeted anticancer agents, and target interventions related to cancer signaling mechanisms. The success story of this field in context to drug resistance, safety, patient survival, and improving quality of life is yet to be elucidated. We conclude that, in the near future, the field of individualized treatments may truly revolutionize the nature of cancer patient care.
Nutraceuticals and their Derived Nano-Formulations for the Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Haque Syed Ehtaishamul , Iqubal Ashif , Iqubal Mohammad Kashif , Fazal Syed Abul , Pottoo Faheem Hyder 
Published: March 2021

:Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the common chronic neurological disorders and associated with cognitive dysfunction, depression and progressive dementia. The presence of β-amyloid or senile plaques, hyper-phosphorylated tau proteins, neurofibrillary tangle, oxidative-nitrative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, neuroinflammation and derailed neurotransmitter status are the hallmarks of AD. Currently, donepezil, memantine, rivastigmine and galantamine are approved by the FDA for symptomatic management. It is well-known that these approved drugs only exert symptomatic relief and possess poor patient-compliance. Additionally, various published evidence showed the neuroprotective potential of various nutraceuticals via their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in the preclinical and clinical studies. These nutraceuticals possess a significant neuroprotective potential and hence, can be a future pharmacotherapeutic for the management and treatment of AD. However, nutraceuticals suffer from certain major limitations such as poor solubility, low bioavailability, low stability, fast hepatic- metabolism and larger particle size. These pharmacokinetic attributes restrict their entry into the brain via the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, to overcome such issues, various nanoformulations of nutraceuticals have been developed, that allow their effective delivery into the brain owing to reduced particle size, increased lipophilicity, increased bioavailability and avoidance of fast hepatic metabolism. Thus, in this review, we have discussed the etiology of AD, focusing on the pharmacotherapeutics of nutraceuticals with preclinical and clinical evidence, discussed pharmaceutical limitations and regulatory aspects of nutraceuticals to ensure safety and efficacy. We have further explored various nanoformulations of nutraceuticals as a novel approach to overcome the existing pharmaceutical limitations and for effective delivery into the brain.
CYP3A4 *1B Gene Polymorphism in Coronary Artery Disease Patients with Obesity Undergoing Statin Treatment
Authors: Gezer Elifcan , Cevik Mehtap , Akdeniz Cansu Selcan , Canbolat Ismail Polat , Yurdakul Selen , Sunbul Murat , Cagatay Penbe , Deliorman Gokce , Karaalp Atila , Ciftci Cavlan , Susleyici Belgin 
Published: March 2021

Objective:
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and
mortality worldwide and statins are frequently prescribed in the treatment of CAD to help lower
blood cholesterol levels. Since the main enzyme involved in the metabolism of statins is CYP3A4,
we aimed to investigate the effect of CYP3A4 * 1B genotypes on plasma lipid profile in Turkish
cardiovascular disease subjects with and without obesity taking statin.

Materials and Methods:
The study group consisted of 85 cardiovascular disease patients who were
prescribed statins and had routine biochemical analysis data. Polymerase chain reaction followed
by restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay was performed for genotyping of
CYP3A4 *1B (rs2740574) polymorphism.

Results:
Genotype distribution of CYP3A4 *1B polymorphism was found for homozygous wild
(AA) and homozygous polymorphic (GG) genotypes as 94.1% and 5.9%, respectively. We did not
detect patients with heterozygous genotype in our study group. We found that the mean LDL-c, TG
and TC levels were higher in patients with CYP3A4 *1B GG compared to the AA genotype. The
frequency of CYP3A4 *1B GG genotype frequency (9.5%) was detected higher in the obese patients
compared to the non-obese patients (7.7%) (χ2=0.037, p=0.85).

Conclusions:
Our results demonstrate that CYP3A4 *1B homozygous polymorphic genotype distribution
tends to be higher in obese patients compared to non-obese patients with cardiovascular disease
which may point to *1B allele having a slight effect on serum lipids during statin therapy. Additional
studies with higher samples are needed for evaluating the role of CYP3A4 *1B on lipids in
patients under statin therapy.
A Low Power SAR ADC with Digital Error Correction Technique for Wearable and Implantable ECG Devices
Authors: Lakshmi Posani Vijaya , Musala Sarada , Srinivasulu Avireni 
Published: March 2021

Aims:
This study aims to propose an 8-bit differential input low-power Successi,e Approximation
Register (SAR) ADC with digital error correction technique for sensing bio-potential
signals in wearable and implantable devices.

Background:
As dynamic comparators have the advantages of full swing output, low power consumption,
high speed, and high impedance at the input, they are preferably used in energy-efficient
SAR ADC’s. However, since the dynamic comparator is the most frequently used block in SAR
ADC, research is ongoing to reduce its μW power further. Also, as the offset voltage of the comparator
affects the linearity of ADC, it must be minimized. Linearity can further be improved by
calibrating the output of ADC, and extensive surveys on the calibration methods prove that the addition-
only digital error correction method is efficient in terms of power.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to design a low-power and low-offset dynamic comparator
intended for SAR ADC to achieve highly linear digital output. In addition to this, the objective
is to implement a power-efficient digital error correction technique for the output of SAR ADC to
overcome the non-idealities due to process variations.

Method:
As power consumption is proportional to the number of transistors, the proposed comparator
is a design obtaining the same output as the existing dynamic comparators with reduced
transistor count. The proposed comparator, along with low power full swing three-input XOR logic
gate, is implemented in SAR ADC with digital error correction technique in cadence 45 nm
technology files, and its performance parameters are simulated.

Results:
The layout of the proposed dynamic comparator occupies an area of 3 μm2. The simulation
results of this comparator with a load of 1 pF show that it has a total offset of 11.2 mV, a delay
of 0.9 ns, and power consumption of 24 nW. It also achieves a gain of 49.5, i.e., 33.86 dB. The
8-bit ADC, along with the digital error correction technique operating at 143-kS/s and under 0.6 V
supply voltage simulated in 45nm technology, consumes only 0.12 μW of power. The DNL and
INL errors obtained are +0.22/-0.2 LSB and -0.28 LSB, respectively. SNR limited by noise is
48.25 dB, SFDR is 48.64 dB, and ENOB achieved is 7.72.

Conclusion:
To satisfy the requirement of the wearable and implantable devices, a low-power
SAR ADC with good linearity is designed using a low-power and low-offset dynamic comparator.
A digital error correction technique using a low-power XOR logic gate is implemented at the SAR
ADC output to minimize the non-idealities due to the process variations.
Withdrawal Notice: Screening of Heavy Metal and Antibiotic Resistance
among Proteus Vulgaris Isolates from Hospital Wastewater of Northern India
Authors: Alam Manzar , Imran Mohd , Ahmad Syed Sayeed 
Published: March 2021

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the editors of the journal Anti-Infective Agents due to incoherent
content.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

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of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
Recent Reviews on Machine Vision-Based 3D Reconstruction
Authors: Zhang Hongxin , Ma Shaowei , Li Meng , Jiang Hanghang , Li Jiaming 
Published: March 2021

Background:
In machine vision, 3D reconstruction is widely used in the medical system, autonomous
navigation, aviation and remote sensing measurement, industrial automation, and other fields,
and the demand for reconstruction precision is significantly highlighted. Therefore, 3D reconstruction is
of great research value and will be an important research direction in the future.

Objective:
By reviewing the latest development and patent on 3D reconstruction, this paper provides
references to researchers in related fields.

Methods:
Machine vision-based 3D reconstruction patents and articles were analyzed from the aspects
of the algorithm, innovation, and application. Among them, there are over 30 patents and nearly 30 articles
that have been published in the past ten years.

Results:
Researches on machine vision-based 3D reconstruction in the recent 10 years were reviewed,
and the typical characteristics were concluded. The main problems in its development were analyzed,
the development trend was foreseen, and the current and future research on the productions and patents
related to machine vision-based 3D reconstruction was discussed.

Conclusion:
The reconstruction result of binocular vision and multi-vision is better than monocular vision
in most cases. Current researches of 3D reconstruction focus on robot vision navigation, intelligent
vehicle environment sensing system and virtual reality. The aspects that need to be improved in the future
include improving robustness, reducing computational complexity, and reducing operating equipment
requirements, etc. Furthermore, more patents on machine vision-based 3D reconstruction should
also be invented.
A Pharmacist and Health Coach–Delivered Mobile Health Intervention for Type 2 Diabetes: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Crossover Study
Authors: Sharp Lisa Kay , Biggers Alana , Perez Rosanne , Henkins Julia , Tilton Jessica , Gerber Ben S 
Published: March 2021

Background
Aggressive management of blood glucose, blood pressure, and cholesterol through medication and lifestyle adherence is necessary to minimize the adverse health outcomes of type 2 diabetes. However, numerous psychosocial and environmental barriers to adherence prevent low-income, urban, and ethnic minority populations from achieving their management goals, resulting in diabetes complications. Health coaches working with clinical pharmacists represent a promising strategy for addressing common diabetes management barriers. Mobile health (mHealth) tools may further enhance their ability to support vulnerable minority populations in diabetes management.

Objective
The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of an mHealth clinical pharmacist and health coach–delivered intervention on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c, primary outcome), blood pressure, and low-density lipoprotein (secondary outcomes) in African-Americans and Latinos with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes.

Methods
A 2-year, randomized controlled crossover study will evaluate the effectiveness of an mHealth diabetes intervention delivered by a health coach and clinical pharmacist team compared with usual care. All patients will receive 1 year of team intervention, including lifestyle and medication support delivered in the home with videoconferencing and text messages. All patients will also receive 1 year of usual care without team intervention and no home visits. The order of the conditions received will be randomized. Our recruitment goal is 220 urban African-American or Latino adults with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (HbA1c ≥8%) receiving care from a largely minority-serving, urban academic medical center. The intervention includes the following: health coaches supporting patients through home visits, phone calls, and text messaging and clinical pharmacists supporting patients through videoconferences facilitated by health coaches. Data collection includes physiologic (HbA1c, blood pressure, weight, and lipid profile) and survey measures (medication adherence, diabetes-related behaviors, and quality of life). Data collection during the second year of study will determine the maintenance of any physiological improvement among participants receiving the intervention during the first year.

Results
Participant enrollment began in March 2017. We have recruited 221 patients. Intervention delivery and data collection will continue until November 2021. The results are expected to be published by May 2022.

Conclusions
This is among the first trials to incorporate health coaches, clinical pharmacists, and mHealth technologies to increase access to diabetes support among urban African-Americans and Latinos to achieve therapeutic goals.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/17170
Smartphone Usage Among Doctors in the Clinical Setting in Two Culturally Distinct Countries: Cross-sectional Comparative Study
Authors: Nair Anjali Ajay , Afroz Samreen , Ahmed Bushra Urooj , Ahmed Uzma Urooj , Foo Chi Chung , Zaidan Hind , Corbally Martin 
Published: March 2021

Background
Smartphones and mobile applications have seen a surge in popularity in recent years, a pattern that has also been reflected in the health care system. Despite increased reliance among clinicians however, limited research has been conducted on the uptake and impact of smartphone usage in medical practice, especially outside the Western world.

Objective
This study aimed to identify the usage of smartphones and medical apps by doctors in the clinical setting in 2 culturally distinct countries: King Hamad University Hospital (KHUH), Bahrain and Queen Mary Hospital (QMH), Hong Kong.

Methods
A cross-sectional, comparative study was conducted where doctors in both hospitals were asked to take part in a 15-item online survey. The questions were categorized into the following groups: demographics of the study population, ownership and main use of smartphones, number and names of medical apps currently owned, rating usage of smartphones for medical purposes, time spent on a smartphone related to clinical use, clinical reliance on smartphones, and views on further integration of smartphones. The results were then tabulated and analyzed using SPSS Statistics 25 for Mac (IBM Corp Inc, Armonk, NY).

Results
A total of 200 doctors were surveyed, with a total of 99.0% (99/100) of the doctors owning a smartphone in both KHUH and QMH; 58% (57/99) and 55% (54/99) of the doctors from KHUH and QMH, respectively, identified communication as their main use of smartphones in the clinical setting (P=.004). Doctors from KHUH were likely to spend more time on medical apps than doctors from QMH (P=.002). According to the overall results of both hospitals, 48% (32/67) of the junior doctors claimed high reliance on smartphones, whereas only 32.3% (41/127) of the senior doctors said the same (P=.03). Of doctors in KHUH and QMH, 78.0% (78/100) and 69.0% (69/100), respectively, either strongly agreed or agreed that smartphones need to be integrated into the clinical setting. In terms of preferences for future apps, 48% (48/100) and 56% (56/100) of the doctors in KHUH and QMH, respectively, agreed that more medical applications need to be created in order to support smartphone use in the clinical setting.

Conclusions
These results suggest a substantial acceptance of smartphones by doctors in the clinical setting. It also elicits the need to establish policies to officially integrate smartphone technology into health care in accordance with ethical guidelines. More emphasis should be placed on creating medical applications that aid health care professionals in attaining their information from accurate sources and also regulate a system to monitor the usage of mobile devices within hospitals to prevent a breach of patient privacy and confidentiality.