bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tongue flap for lip defects: Our experience.
Authors: Bharat Singh Sandesh , Dutta Gouranga , G Guha  
Published: April 2021

Background: Background: Lip defects following neoplasm surgery are usually complicated. Appropriate reconstruction is vital in improving the quality of life of such patients. In this study, we have assessed the usefulness of the dorsal/lateral tongue flap in cases of lip reconstruction.
Methodology: A retrospective data of patients who reconstructed with either dorsal or lateral tongue flap between November 2015 and June 2018 was collected. Departmental Ethical clearance was done.
Results: A total of four patients who underwent tongue flap reconstruction during this period were analyzed. The size of the defect following excision of the lesion ranged from 3-5.5 cm. There was no partial or total loss of flap in our series. Postoperatively all the patients had adequate mouth opening, good swallowing.
Conclusion: Dorsal or Lateral tongue flap is a simple and reliable flap for lip reconstruction. It helps in providing good functional results with less morbidity.
Toxicity evaluations of Papaya seed extract administration in Albino Wistar rats.
Authors: Zehra Nazneen , Naz Lubna 
Published: April 2021

Background: Carica papaya seeds are regarded as waste or by-product of the fruit since it is the inedible part of the plant. However, it holds a diversified range of phytochemicals that anticipate their therapeutic role in different types of ailments. The seed extract has been proven for the presence of multiple health benefiting contents and some toxic agents. Studies evaluating the toxicity of the Papaya seed extract are still scarce to support its safe use as a therapeutic agent. Therefore, the undertaken study is to explore the safe dose of the aqueous extract of Papaya seeds.
Methodology: This study is designed to examine the toxic potential of Papaya seed aqueous extract on Wistar rats for 42 days by oral administration at dose regimens of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight in the liver. The groups (n=6) allotted include control untreated and group I (100 mg/kg), group II (200 mg/kg) and group III (400 mg/kg). The liver toxicity was assessed using liver enzymes as toxicity markers. The morphology of liver cells was observed by histology.
Results: Our results showed no mortality or signs of toxicity. The body weights were observed to be declining with increasing doses. However, other biochemical parameters displayed no significant alterations in treated groups as compared to the controls.
Conclusion: This study supports the evidence that chosen doses of aqueous extract of papaya seeds are safe for normal liver functioning. This evidence endorses the use of the extracts of the seeds as a therapeutic intervention.
Bone Mineral Density among adolescent's patients with β-thalassemia major.
Authors: Abbas Jaffri Samar , Syed Muhammad Irfan  , Sultana Sadia , Syed Muhammad Usman  , Nadeem Sheeza 
Published: April 2021

Background: Beta-thalassemia is an autosomal recessive hemoglobinopathy with frequent skeletal complications, often debilitating in adolescent patients. We aim to evaluate the bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and ascertain osteoporosis/osteopenia frequency in patients with β-thalassemia major.
Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, 36 adolescent patients with β-thalassemia major were enrolled from June 2015 to March 2017. BMD was measured in the anteroposterior lumbar spine (L1-L4) and femoral neck by DEXA. For the biochemical estimations, blood and urine samples were obtained and analyzed. The results of a bone density test were presented as T and Z scores.
Results: There were 20 male and 16 female patients with a mean age of 21.33 ± 3.7 years. The mean bone mineral content (BMC) was 20.10 ± 6.0 gm, and the mean BMD was 0.65 ± 0.07 gm/cm2. The mean T score was -3.17 ± 1.04, and the Z score was -3.06 ± 1.06. All patients had low BMD, as depicted by their T or Z scores. The reported frequency of osteoporosis and osteopenia was 77.7% and 22.2%, respectively.
Conclusion: All Beta-thalassemia major patients had low BMD with a remarkable incidence of osteoporosis. It is recommended to perform an annual BMD among thalassemic patients to prevent fatal consequences and achieve an optimal bone density among such patients.
Audit of Neonatal Outcome in Tertiary Care Hospital.
Authors: Rashid Shaista , Iqbal Asma , Nadeem Shabnam 
Published: April 2021

Background: Every year, 2.7 million stillbirths occur worldwide, mostly in developing countries. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) include reducing childhood mortality under five years of age. Perinatal death audit is an intervention to reduce preventable neonatal mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the Perinatal Mortality Rate (PMR) and the factors responsible for perinatal deaths at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi-Pakistan.
Methodology: This was a prospective study of all the stillbirths and early neonatal deaths in Abbasi Shaheed Hospital Karachi, Gynecology Unit I. Details of each perinatal death were filled in the standard form. We used Aberdeen Obstetric classification to classify causes of perinatal deaths.
Results: There were 1627 deliveries and 43 perinatal deaths during the study period. Our study's perinatal mortality rate was 27.14/1000 births, and the stillbirth rate was 13.25/1000 births. Antepartum hemorrhage (APH), pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and anemia were the common causes of perinatal deaths.
Conclusion: Antepartum hemorrhage, pregnancy-induced hypertension and anemia are the leading causes of perinatal deaths. Most of these complications can be reduced by educating women and providing effective antenatal care.
Cardioprotective role of salvia rosmarinus (rosemary) leaves against oxidative stress and in balancing lipid profile in mice.
Authors: Ghayas Hina , Sohail Sumera , Iqbal Khan Nazish , Yasmeen Ghazala , Naz Lubna , Shamim Mufzala 
Published: April 2021

Background: Developing countries encounter a change in lifestyle, which establish novel risk factors for cardiovascular disease, leading to an explosion in cardiovascular disease risk all through the developing nations. Dietary therapies and physical activity are the first lines of treatment in hyperlipidemia, and several dietary components with such effects have been identified. This study is intended to assess the potential of Salvia Rosmarinus (SR) leaves powder consumption on diet-induced hyperlipidemia. The main objective of this study is to show that plant products could be equivalent to the available medicines.
Methodology: In this experimental study, 4 to 5 weeks old mice were used with an average weight of 200 gm. Baseline values of all parameters were observed & animals were administered an atherogenic diet for two weeks. 0.11 gm/day rosemary leaves powder was fed by these hypercholesterolemic rats for another two weeks. At the end of the experimental duration, blood samples were collected and evaluated for alterations in plasma lipid profile, glucose, liver enzymes and kidney biomarkers.
Results: According to the research results, oral supplementation of 0.11 gm/day rosemary effectively reduced dietary hyperlipidemia in experimental mice. Significant (p<0.05) reduction in body weights, total plasma cholesterol (TC), glucose, alkaline phosphate (ALP) and urea levels were analysed, and a non-significant decrease in triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), uric acid and creatinine was observed.
Conclusion: It is concluded that Rosemary can be utilized beneficially for primary prevention trials of cardiovascular disease, but of course, further investigations are required to find out an effective dose of rosemary.
Management of diabetic ketoacidosis: Role of Rapid Acting Insulin Analogs in comparison to regular intravenous insulin.
Authors: Ahmed Ibrar , Sabir Ali Sobia , Ali Zafar , Muhammad Nawaz  , Ghaffar Tahir 
Published: April 2021

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute metabolic healthcare crisis in patients with diabetes mellitus. The current study aimed to compare the effectiveness of rapid-acting insulin analog administered subcutaneously with regular insulin infused intravenously among the DKA patients.
Methodology: In this prospective open labelled study, 100 consecutive DKA patients were randomly assigned to two groups. Group 1 patients were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and treated with intravenous regular insulin infusion. Group 2 patients were managed in the emergency medical ward with subcutaneous rapid-acting insulin. Response to the therapy was assessed by the follow-up investigations of the biochemical parameters, including blood glucose concentration, serum ketones, pH, serum electrolytes including bicarbonates, sodium and potassium concentration until the resolution of DKA. Furthermore, the overall duration of therapy (blood glucose level < 250 mg/dl), time and amount of insulin administered until the resolution of DKA, were also assessed.
Results: The baseline clinical and biochemical parameters were similar between the two treatment groups except for blood glucose and sodium concentration. The mean random blood sugar (RBS), acid-base parameters and concentration of ketone bodies were significantly improved from admission until the resolution of DKA. There was no significant difference in the duration of therapy (p=0.07). While the time and amount of insulin therapy required until resolution of DKA were significantly reduced among the patients treated subcutaneously with rapid-acting insulin, i.e. 16.36 ± 6.92 hrs and 59.28 ± 30.05 units (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The patients with less complicated DKA can be managed with rapid-acting insulin analog in the medical wards obviating the need for admission to the ICU. With relatively better outcomes, it is an effective alternative to regular intravenous insulin infusion for DKA resolution.
Pathogenetic rationale for the use of intermittent normobaric hypoxytherapy in the rehabilitation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Masik N. P. , Nechiporuk S. V. 
Published: April 2021

Objective — to determine affects of the intermittent normobaric hypoxytherapy on the dynamics of general non‑specific adaptive reactions in the complex rehabilitation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Materials and methods. The treatment and examinations involved 450 patients with COPD, including GOLD 2 in 55.56 % (250 people) and GOLD 3 in 44.44 % (200 patients). The mean age was (52.65 ± 14.80) years, proportion of female and male subjects was equal. All patients received basic drug therapy according to the Order of MoH of Ukraine. The disease duration was 10 to 30 years, the remission stage was established in all patients. Patients were randomized into two groups: main (400 people) and control (50 people) with the same COPD severity distribution. Patients of the main group received additional 30 minutes sessions of interval normobaric hypoxytherapy for 20 days. The examination were performed for the dynamics of clinical symptoms, respiratory function, nonspecific resistance of an organism.
Results. Most patients had symptoms of the disease against the background of basic COPD medication even on the remission stage. Unfavorable and intense adaptive reactions were determined in 71.33 % of COPD patients, and eustress reactions only in 16.89 %. Sanogenetic types of adaptive reactions were found in 28.45 % of subjects, maladaptive types — in 21.78 % of persons, pathogenetic — in 63.33 % of patients. At GOLD 2, tense reactions were diagnosed in 69.6 % of subjects, and in GOLD 3 in 73.0 %. As the severity of the disease increased, there was an increase in the development of intense training and activation responses. Upon completion of the course of hypoxytherapy, the exercise tolerance increased, and shortness of breath appeared only after severe physical activity in 90.25 % of patients in the main group, whereas in the control group similar changes were observed only in 20.0 % of patients. The respiratory function indicators in patients of the main group increased on average by 17.52 %, while in the control group — by 3.3 %.
In the main group, favorable adaptation reactions prevailed in 88.25 % of patients, while in the control group this indicator was 32.0 %. The percentage of adverse reactions in the main group decreased significantly and was 11.75 % after treatment, the proportion of stress reactions — 46.25 %. In GOLD 2, the proportion of pathogenetic reactions decreased to 17.33 % and 56.00 % of the main and control groups, and in GOLD 3 — in 20.44 % and 44.0 %, respectively (p < 0.05).
Conclusions. The use of a course of normobaric hypoxytherapy promoted the reduction of the main clinical COPD symptoms, increase of the frequency of favorable adaptive reactions up to 88.25 %, it raised clinical effectiveness of the treatment, which allowed to avoid disease exacerbations during the year in 80.95 % of patients.
ПРОФЕСІЙНА САМООЦІНКА І СТРАТЕГІЯ ПОВЕДІНКИ МАЙБУТНІХ МЕДИЧНИХ ПРАЦІВНИКІВ У ПРОФЕСІЙНИХ КОНФЛІКТНИХ СИТУАЦІЯХ
Authors: Ушакова Катерина 
Published: April 2021

Статтю присвячено вивченню професійної самооцінки і стратегій поведінки майбутніх медичних працівників середньої ланки в професійних конфліктних ситуаціях, що є важливою умовою їхнього подальшого успішного розвитку як фахівців медичної сфери. Мета емпіричного дослідження полягала у виявленні рівнів професійної самооцінки і визначенні стратегій поведінки в професійних конфліктних ситуаціях студентів 1–4-х курсів медичних коледжів упродовж їхнього фахового навчання.Методи дослідження: теоретичні (аналіз наукової літератури); емпіричні (модифікована методика «Дослідження самооцінки особистості», методика дослідження професійних конфліктних ситуацій у системі «медичний працівник-хворий»); математичної статистики (коефіцієнти кореляції Спірмена і Пірсона, критерій φ*‑кутового перетворення Фішера).Результати. Емпірично вивчено рівні професійної самооцінки і стратегії поведінки в професійних конфліктних ситуаціях у системі «медичний працівник-хворий» студентів 1–4-х курсів медичних коледжів. З’ясовано, що до закінчення фахового навчання у медичному коледжі статистично незначуще збільшується кількість студентів із високою, зменшується – із середньою і низькою професійною самооцінкою. Виявлено відмінності стратегій поведінки в професійних конфліктних ситуаціях у системі «медичний працівник-хворий» студентів 1–4-х курсів медичних коледжів. Встановлено статистично значуще зменшення кількості студентів, яким властива агресивність у вирішенні професійних конфліктних ситуацій, і збільшення кількості студентів, яким притаманний самозахист чи слабкість, а також прагнення уникати осуду. Визначено зв’язок професійної самооцінки зі стратегією поведінки в професійних конфліктних ситуаціях студентів медичних коледжів.Висновки. Впродовж фахового навчання студентів у медичному коледжі дещо змінюються рівні професійної самооцінки і стратегії поведінки в професійних конфліктних ситуаціях у системі «медичний працівник-хворий».
Література

Ушакова, К.Ю. (2018). Психологічні чинники становлення професійної «Я-концепції» у студентів медичних коледжів. (Дис. канд. психол. наук). Київ.
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The Research of the Assyrian Diaspora in Central Russia on the Example of the Communities of the Ryazan Region Cities
Authors: Mikhailov Sergei Sergeevich 
Published: April 2021

The history of the Assyrians who settled on the territory of Russia is an important and understudied topic.
The purpose of the article is to acquaint readers and the scientific community with the results of the study of the Assyrian diaspora in the Ryazan region. The local Assyrian communities formed in the 1920s-1930s were studied. Ryazan region of Russia.
Using the methods of field research, we find out that in Ryazan in the twentieth century, two small Assyrian necropolises arose – at the historical Lazarevskoye and Skorbyashensky cemeteries. The author inspected the graves preserved for 2019–2020. The Ryazan Assyrian necropolis does not differ from the places of compact burials of representatives of this people in other cities, which were examined by the author. Nevertheless, it is very important for the study of this diaspora.
The results of the study showed that the Assyrian people were subdivided by the beginning of the twentieth century. for two dozen subethnos (tribes), representatives of some tribal and groups created diasporas. Regarding Ryazan, this is a large part, natives of the independent («ashiret») region of Djilu (the Jilvai tribe), the Maliks of Djilu Gorta (Big Djilu), from the villages of Alsan (local group of alasnaya), Zirini (grain), Midi (copper). A rather small number of families turned out to be in Russia – natives of the Ashiret independent Maliks – Thuma (the Thumnaya tribe), as well as natives of the small village of Shvava, whose inhabitants make up a small group of Shavetnaya. In the latter case, we have established the name of the genus-otzhah. Ryazan thumnaya, judging by what we know about their fellow tribesmen in neighboring Moscow, Tula, as well as in Georgia, most likely came from the village of Myazrya (maser group). The paper presents facts of the history of small Assyrian communities in other cities of the Ryazan region – Kasimov, Ryazhsk and Mikhailov. The main professional occupation of the representatives of the Assyrian communities in the 1920–1970s was shoe cleaning.
It is concluded that the Assyrians, despite the small number of the diaspora, played a role in the urban culture of Ryazan in the twentieth century. In the future, we intend to expand the resources of the research base and continue to study various aspects of the life of the Assyrians in Russia.
Metopic triangle osteotomy in trigonocephaly Piezosurgery: a technical variant to control metopic emissary veins
Authors: Licci Maria , Beuriat Pierre-Aurelien , Szathmari Alexandru , Paulus Christian , Gleizal Arnaud , Mottolese Carmine , Di Rocco Federico 
Published: April 2021

Premature fusion of the metopic suture results in trigonocephaly with variable degrees of anterior cranial fossa dysmorphia and craniofacial deformity. Different surgical corrective techniques that aim to reshape the forehead and enlarge the cranial volume have been described. Typical variations of the standard fronto-orbitary advancement carry the risk of relevant blood loss during frontal osteotomy, where paired emissary metopic veins are disrupted. The authors present a technical variant that preserves a bony triangle over the glabella to optimize control of these veins, which represent the major source of bleeding, and applies Piezosurgery to perform the osteotomies to minimize bone substance loss.
The video can be found here: https://vimeo.com/511536423.
Realistic simulator for craniosynostosis endoscopic approach
Authors: Coelho Giselle , Vieira Eduardo , Hinojosa Jose , Delye Hans 
Published: April 2021

Craniosynostosis is a premature fusion of cranial sutures, and it requires surgery to decrease cranial pressure and remodel the affected areas. However, mastering these procedures requires years of supervised training. Several neurosurgical training simulators have been created to shorten the learning curve. Laboratory training is fundamental for acquiring familiarity with the necessary techniques and skills to properly handle instruments. This video presents a novel simulator for training on the endoscopic treatment for scaphocephaly and trigonocephaly, covering all aspects of the procedure, from patient positioning to performing osteotomies.
The video can be found here: https://vimeo.com/512526147.
Spring-mediated cranioplasty for sagittal craniosynostosis
Authors: Kalmar Christopher L. , Swanson Jordan W. , Shakir Sameer , Tucker Alexander M. , Kennedy Benjamin C. , Storm Phillip B. , Heuer Gregory G. , Bartlett Scott P. , Taylor Jesse A. , Lang Shih-Shan 
Published: April 2021

Spring-mediated cranioplasty is a useful treatment modality for correcting scaphocephalic head shape in sagittal craniosynostosis because it is less invasive than whole-vault cranioplasty and offers durable morphologic outcomes. Herein, the authors provide a multimedia demonstration of alternative operative approaches for spring-mediated cranioplasty for sagittal craniosynostosis.
The video can be found here: https://vimeo.com/511256259
Amiloidosis Nodular. Reporte de un caso
Authors: Del Puerto Constanza , Villagrán Essmann Sofía , Villaseca Miguel Ángel 
Published: April 2021

La Amiloidosis es un conjunto de enfermedades que se generan por la acumulación de proteínas tipo amiloide en el extracelular de algún tejido. La enfermedad subsecuente se puede presentar de forma sistémica ó local en algún tejido. Tanto la amiloidosis sistémica como primaria cutánea pueden presentar manifestaciones cutáneas. La amiloidosis primaria cutánea puede presentarse como amiloidosis macular, liquen amiloideo y/o amiloidosis nodular. Esta última es la variante menos frecuente y que requiere estudios complementarios para descartar compromiso sistémico. Se presenta caso de paciente de sexo femenino, sin antecedentes, con placa amarillo-anaranjada en la mama derecha, que correspondió a una amiloidosis nodular, sin alteraciones sistémicas.
Nattokinase atherothrombotic prevention study: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hodis Howard N. , Mack Wendy J. , Meiselman Herbert J. , Kalra Vijay , Liebman Howard , Hwang-Levine Juliana , Dustin Laurie , Kono Naoko , Mert Melissa , Wenby Rosalinda B. , Huesca Emiliano , Rochanda Leanne , Li Yanjie , Yan Mingzhu , St. John Jan A. , Whitfield Lora 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND: Described to be antithrombotic and antihypertensive, nattokinase is consumed for putative cardiovascular benefit. However, no large-scale, long-term cardiovascular study has been conducted with nattokinase supplementation. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of nattokinase on subclinical atherosclerosis progression and atherothrombotic biomarkers. METHODS: In this double-blinded trial, 265 individuals of median age 65.3 years, without clinical evidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) were randomized to oral nattokinase 2,000 fibrinolytic units or matching placebo. Primary outcome was rate of change in subclinical atherosclerosis measured by serial carotid ultrasound every 6 months as carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) and carotid arterial stiffness (CAS). Additional outcomes determined at least every 6 months were clinical parameters including blood pressure and laboratory measures including metabolic factors, blood rheology parameters, blood coagulation and fibrinolysis factors, inflammatory markers and monocyte/macrophage cellular activation markers. RESULTS: After median 3 years of randomized treatment, annualized rate of change in CIMT and CAS did not significantly differ between nattokinase supplementation and placebo. Additionally, there was no significant effect of nattokinase supplementation on blood pressure or any laboratory determination. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this trial show that nattokinase supplementation has a null effect on subclinical atherosclerosis progression in healthy individuals at low risk for CVD.