bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic signal found in fish–community response to an acoustic common carp deterrent
Authors: Bzonek Paul A. , Van Nynatten Alexander , Mandrak Nicholas E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNon‐structural deterrents may limit invasive fish dispersal and range expansion without altering waterflow or navigation. Despite extensive research in laboratory and artificial environments, few studies have been conducted in situ and, of those, few have evaluated the full community response of fishes interacting with the deterrent. We deployed acoustic deterrents within a physical trap‐and‐sort fishway at Cootes Paradise, Ontario, Canada, to determine the avoidance responses of a community of fishes attempting to disperse into the wetland.To test the effectiveness of an acoustic deterrent, the catch rates of fishes entering Cootes Paradise were compared when the deterrent was off (control) and on (treatment). Community diversity was fit to candidate generalised linear models, and common carp catch abundance was fit to candidate generalised additive models, both of which were compared with backwards selection. The presence of a phylogenetic signal in fish responses was assessed with Pagel's λ and Blomberg's K indices of trait evolution.Over 11,500 fishes, representing 16 species and 12 families, were captured. The acoustic deterrent did not alter the Shannon diversity of fishes challenging the fishway, but a significant phylogenetic signal in species‐specific avoidance responses was observed. There was a modest decrease in the catch rates of common carp (ambient trials = 1.03 fish/hr, deterrent trials = 0.84 fish/hr), a species of major management concern.Fish avoidance responses to acoustic deterrents were widely variable, and species specific. The avoidance response of common carp, the target species, was weak, probably due to a complex acoustic environment surrounding the fishway. Group size did not alter deterrent efficacy, but precipitation, water temperature, and turbidity did.Our study successfully quantified acoustic deterrent responses across an entire community of wetland fishes, including both native and invasive species. We are the first to demonstrate that there is a phylogenetic component to deterrent responses across species. We also identify environmental parameters that alter deterrent efficacy in the field, and describe important considerations for the deployment of non‐structural deterrents in the field.
How to Find Aquifer Statistics Utilizing Pumping Tests? Two Field Studies Using welltestpy
Authors: Müller Sebastian , Leven Carsten , Dietrich Peter , Attinger Sabine , Zech Alraune 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe present a workflow to estimate geostatistical aquifer parameters from pumping test data using the Python package welltestpy. The procedure of pumping test analysis is exemplified for two data sets from the Horkheimer Insel site and from the Lauswiesen site, Germany. The analysis is based on a semi‐analytical drawdown solution from the upscaling approach Radial Coarse Graining, which enables to infer log‐transmissivity variance and horizontal correlation length, beside mean transmissivity, and storativity, from pumping test data. We estimate these parameters of aquifer heterogeneity from type‐curve analysis and determine their sensitivity. This procedure, implemented in welltestpy, is a template for analyzing any pumping test. It goes beyond the possibilities of standard methods, for example, based on Theis' equation, which are limited to mean transmissivity and storativity. A sensitivity study showed the impact of observation well positions on the parameter estimation quality. The insights of this study help to optimize future test setups for geostatistical aquifer analysis and provides guidance for investigating pumping tests with regard to aquifer statistics using the open‐source software package welltestpy.
IL‐9 contributes to the host immune response against Helicobacterpylori and helps limit infection in a Mouse Model
Authors: He Yafei , Ning Jie , Li Bin , Guo Hong , Hao Ningbo , Wu Chao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAs an important mediator in lots of diseases, interleukin‐9 (IL‐9) can be a protector or pro‐inflammatory cytokine depending on the complicated inflammatory milieu. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) induced a series of immunology cells and cytokines change, and however, the role of IL‐9 in H. pylori infection remains unknown.Materials and methodsWild‐type and IL‐9 deficient mice were infected with H. pylori by means of intragastric administration. The colonization of H. pylori bacteria was measured by detecting specific 16s rDNA, and the intensity of inflammation was observed by H&E stain. The expression level of inflammation cytokines was determined by ELISA and quantitative real‐time PCR.ResultsIL‐9 was increased due to the attack of H. pylori, besides deletion of Il9 aggravated the bacterial colonization and inflammation intensity. In addition, treatment of rmIL‐9 reduced colonized H. pylori and inflammation level, indicated that IL‐9 was a protector for the host against this bacterium. Followed by the H. pylori infection, interferon (IFN)‐γ and interleukin (IL)‐17A were up‐regulated as expected, and nevertheless, the expression of IL‐17A shared a positive relationship with IL‐9 while IFN‐γ negative associated with IL‐9. Moreover, we also proved that Treg cells were not involved in the protective effect of IL‐9, and meanwhile, CD4+CD25− T cells secreted more IFN‐γ and less IL‐17A in vitro due to the deletion of Il9.ConclusionsIL‐9 plays a protective role against H. pylori and the protection associated with cytokines change including IFN‐γ and IL‐17A.
ROS1 pattern of immunostaining in 11 cases of spitzoid tumour: comparison with histopathological, fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation and next‐generation sequencing analysis
Authors: Cesinaro Anna Maria , Gallo Graziana , Manfredini Samantha , Maiorana Antonino , Bettelli Stefania Raffaella 
Published: July 2021

AimsSpitzoid tumours have been shown to harbour exclusive kinase fusions. Few studies have analysed substantial numbers of ROS1‐rearranged lesions. The aim of the present study was to investigate also their immunohistochemical profile.Methods and resultsAmong a group of 35 spitzoid tumours, of which 34 were consecutively diagnosed in a 3‐year period, we found 11 ROS1 cases that were immunohistochemically positive, from 10 patients, eight of whom were female and two of whom were male, and who were aged 3–52 years (median, 29 years); most lesions (eight) were localized on the lower extremities. Four patterns of immunostaining were observed: cytoplasmic granular diffuse (six cases), sparse cytoplasmic granules (three cases), paranuclear dots (one case), and nuclear (one case). Fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation (FISH) analysis showed all cases to be rearranged (cut‐off of >15%). RNA next‐generation sequencing (NGS) analysis showed specific fusions of ROS1 in four cases: two with PWWP2A, one with PPFIBP1, and one with ZCCHC8. DNA NGS analysis showed in five cases, specific mutations of AKT, EGFR, NRAS, MYC, ALK, and KIT. ROS1 lesions belonged predominantly to the ‘atypical Spitz tumour’ group, and showed mainly a nested histological pattern. Interestingly, one patient developed two ROS1‐positive lesions.ConclusionsImmunohistochemistry showed 100% sensitivity and specificity as compared with the FISH results, corresponding to ROS1 rearrangement in 31% of cases studied. These observations shed new light on the value of immunohistochemical evaluation of ROS1 in spitzoid tumours. ROS1 patterns of immunostaining probably reflect different subcellular localisations of ROS1 fusions, although no specific correlations were found in the cases studied. Immunohistochemistry and FISH were the most sensitive techniques for detecting ROS1 rearrangement in this subset of neoplasms.
ESL learners’ perception and its relationship with the efficacy of written corrective feedback
Authors: Sinha Tara Shankar , Nassaji Hossein 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of direct and indirect WCF on learners’ accuracy in revision and new pieces of writing and also examined the relationship between learners’ perception of WCF and the effectiveness of each feedback type. Data were collected from 56 learners divided into three groups: direct WCF group (n = 18), indirect WCF group (n = 18) and control group (n = 20). All groups produced a narrative text based on picture prompts, revised the same text, and produced a new text. The two treatment groups also completed a feedback perception questionnaire. The results demonstrated that the two feedback groups significantly outperformed the control group in both revision and new pieces of writing, but no significant relationship was found between learners’ perception and the effectiveness of either feedback types.
Exploring recovery‐focused educational programmes for advancing mental health nursing: An integrative systematic literature review
Authors: Hawsawi Tahani , Stein‐Parbury Jane , Orr Fiona , Roche Michael , Gill Katherine 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecovery‐focused educational programmes have been implemented in mental health services in an attempt to transform care from a purely biomedical orientation to a more recovery‐oriented approach. Mental health nurses have identified the need for enhancing their abilities and confidence in translating recovery knowledge into mental health nursing practice. However, recovery‐focused educational programmes have not fully address nurses’ learning needs. Therefore, this review synthesized the evidence of the effectiveness of recovery‐focused educational programmes for mental health nurses. A systematic search of electronic databases and hand‐searched references was conducted. It identified 35 programmes and 55 educational materials within 39 studies. Synthesizing the literature revealed three themes and nine subthemes. The first theme, a framework for understanding and supporting consumers’ recovery, had four subthemes: consumers’ involvement, multidisciplinary approach, profession‐specific training, and performance indicators. The second theme, contents of educational materials, included the subthemes: knowledge development and recovery‐focused care planning. The final theme, nurses’ learning experiences, included the subthemes: understanding recovery, the positive effects of recovery‐focused educational programmes, and implementation of recovery‐oriented practices. Based on these findings, a mental health nursing recovery‐focused educational programme framework is proposed. Further research should investigate the effectiveness of the framework, especially in relation to recovery‐focused care planning and consumer and carer involvement in the development, delivery, participation, and evaluation of these educational programmes.
Bismuth‐activated, narrow‐band, cyan garnet phosphor Ca3Y2Ge3O12:Bi3+ for near‐ultraviolet‐pumped white LED application
Authors: Li Yongwang , Shao Yanqun , Zhang Weibin , Ye ShanShan , Zhou Jiangcong , Chen Mengting , Ding Jianyan , Wu Quansheng , Hu Zhibiao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHerein, a novel Bi3+‐activated Ca3Y2Ge3O12 (CYGO) narrow‐band cyan‐emitting phosphor was synthesized. It can be excited from 320–420 nm, and the strongest excitation peak is located at 370 nm, which is suitable for current near‐ultraviolet (NUV) chips perfectly. The full width at half maximum is at 52 nm. By analyzing the crystal structure of the sample, we infer that the Bi3+ ions replace the Y3+ site to form a highly symmetrical BiO6 octahedron. The time‐resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectra of CYGO: Bi3+ reveal that the only a single emission center exists in the host lattice. A warm white light–emitting diode (WLED) device with a low correlated color temperature (3148 K) and a high color rendering index (90.2) was fabricated by using the as‐prepared sample, and the significant thermal stability of CYGO: Bi3+ guarantees its potential application in WLEDs. It is verified that the structure with only one crystallographic Y site for Bi3+ dopant occupation and highly symmetrical and dense structure is conducive to realize narrow‐band emission, which will provide experience for researchers to explore more Bi3+‐activated phosphors used for high‐end lighting.
Improved trapped field performance of single grain Y‐Ba‐Cu‐O bulk superconductors containing artificial holes
Authors: Huang Kai Yuan , Hlásek Tomáš , Namburi Devendra Kumar , Dennis Anthony R. , Shi Yunhua , Ainslie Mark D. , Congreve Jasmin V. J. , Plecháček Vladimir , Plecháček Jan , Cardwell David A. , Durrell John H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe intrinsic mechanical properties of single‐grain RE‐Ba‐Cu‐O bulk high‐temperature superconductors can be improved by employing a thin‐wall geometry. This is where the samples are melt‐processed with a predefined network of artificial holes to decrease the effective wall thickness. In this study, the tensile strengths of thin‐wall YBCO disks were determined using the Brazilian test at room temperature. Compared with conventional single grain YBCO disks, the thin‐wall YBCO disks displayed an average tensile strength that is 93% higher when the holes were filled with Stycast epoxy resin. This implies a thin‐wall sample should, in theory, be able to sustain a trapped field that is 39% higher without exceeding the mechanical limit of the sample. High‐field magnetization experiments were performed by applying magnetization fields of up to 11.5 T, specifically to break the samples in order to verify the effect of increased mechanical strength (and improved cooling) on the ability of bulk (RE)BCO to trap field successfully. The standard YBCO sample failed when it was magnetized with a field of 10 T at 35 K, suffering permanent damage. As a result, the standard sample could only trap a maximum surface field of 7.6 T without failure. On the other hand, the thin‐wall YBCO sample survived all magnetization cycles, including a maximum magnetization field of 11.5 T at 35 K, demonstrating a greater intrinsic ability to withstand significantly higher electromagnetic stresses. By subsequently field‐cooling the thin‐wall sample with 11 T at 30 K, a surface field of 8.8 T was trapped successfully without requiring any external ring reinforcement.
Inbreeding reduces fitness of seed beetles under thermal stress
Authors: Ivimey‐Cook Edward , Bricout Sophie , Candela Victoria , Maklakov Alexei A. , Berg Elena C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHuman‐induced environmental change can influence populations both at the global level through climatic warming and at the local level through habitat fragmentation. As populations become more isolated, they can suffer from high levels of inbreeding, which contributes to a reduction in fitness, termed inbreeding depression. However, it is still unclear if this increase in homozygosity also results in a corresponding increase in sensitivity to stressful conditions, which could intensify the already detrimental effects of environmental warming. Here, in a fully factorial design, we assessed the life‐long impact of increased inbreeding load and elevated temperature on key life history traits in the seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus. We found that beetles raised at higher temperatures had far reduced fitness and survival than beetles from control temperatures. Importantly, these negative effects were exacerbated in inbred beetles as a result of increased inbreeding load, with further detrimental effects manifesting on individual eclosion probability and lifetime reproductive success. These results reveal the harmful impact that increasing temperature and likelihood of habitat fragmentation due to anthropogenetic changes in environmental conditions could have on populations of organisms worldwide.
Comparative response to post‐production process of two Anastrepha ludens strains: Application in the sterile insect technique
Authors: Arredondo José , Aguirre‐Medina Juan F. , Meza José S. , Cancino Jorge , Díaz‐Fleischer Francisco 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe new desiccation‐resistant (DR) strain of Anastrepha ludens Loew differs in its life‐history traits from the non‐selected strain (NS). Given the innate resistance of DR flies to stressors, it is necessary to determine the packing and shipment conditions for their use in the sterile insect technique (SIT). First, we used pupae to evaluate the interaction of hypoxia period (12, 24 and 36 hr) and temperature (15.3 (±0.9), 19.5 (±1.0), 25.5 (±0.6) and 30.1 (±0.5) oC). Second, adults were exposed to densities of 1.0, 1.3 and 1.5 flies/cm2 and chilling periods of 0, 3 and 5 hr. We observed a negative relationship of emergence and flight ability with hypoxia period and temperature in both strains especially when flies were exposed to 36 hr of hypoxia and 30℃. Interestingly, knock‐down time decreased as male density increased, but when chilling time increased, recovery time also increased. Both chilling time and male density had negative effects on male weight. Chilling time reduced male survival when exposed to desiccation, while both chilling time and male density decreased male survival under starvation conditions. Negative effects on number of matings were observed only on the first day after chilling but not on the following days. We found that DR flies survive approximately twice as long as flies from the NS strain when exposed to starvation or desiccation stressors. We discuss our results on the basis of the potential use of DR flies in SIT programmes.
Feasibility of nondestructive detection of apple crispness based on spectroscopy and machine vision
Authors: Liu Penghui , Zhang Peng , Ni Fupeng , Hu Yaohua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTexture is an important attribute affecting apple quality and consumer preferences. In general, apple texture is evaluated by such parameters as crispness and hardness. To explore the feasibility of nondestructive detection of apple crispness based on spectroscopy and machine vision, a calibration model based on optical fiber spectroscopy (in the range of 500–1,000 nm) was developed using the partial least squares. A compensation model based on appearance images was established to improve the prediction performance, and a quantitative prediction model based on the fusion of spectra and appearance images was subsequently obtained. The results showed that the determination coefficient of prediction () and root mean square error (RMSE) of prediction (RMSEP) of the calibration model were 0.8921 and 0.1226 N, respectively. The determination coefficients (R2) of the compensation model for positive derivation and negative derivation were 0.9310 and 0.9051, respectively, with a RMSE of 0.0515 N and 0.0420 N, respectively. The mean value and standard deviation that occurred in relative errors both decreased from 8.52 to 6.44% and 6.22 to 5.30% before and after positive derivation compensation and decreased from 8.29 to 5.55% and 5.62 to 4.49% before and after negative derivation compensation using the appearance images. This result indicated that the prediction of apple crispness was more accurate and reliable after the fusion of spectra and appearance images. Therefore, it is feasible to nondestructively detect apple crispness based on spectroscopy and machine vision.Practical ApplicationsThis study provides a method for nondestructively and accurately detecting apple crispness via spectroscopy and machine vision. According to the crispness of apples, enterprises can not only sell apples to different consumer groups, but also distribute apples in different levels to improve their benefits.
Professional quality of life and caring behaviours among clinical nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Inocian Ergie Pepito , Cruz Jonas Preposi , Saeed Alshehry Abdualrahman , Alshamlani Yousef , Ignacio Ejay Hatulan , Tumala Regie Buenafe 
Published: July 2021

Aims and ObjectivesTo investigate the professional quality of life and caring behaviours among clinical nurses in Saudi Arabia during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We also examined the influence of the nurses’ socio‐demographic and professional characteristics on the professional quality of life. Moreover, the study examined the influence of professional quality of life on caring behaviour among the nurses amid the COVID‐19 pandemic.BackgroundCaring is the core of the nursing profession and considered the heart of the humanistic clinical nursing practice. However, the work nature of the clinical nurses, especially during the COVID‐19 pandemic, continues to challenge their professional quality of life and caring behaviours. The factors influencing the professional quality of life and caring behaviours of clinical nurses have not been extensively explored.DesignCross‐sectional, descriptive study.MethodsA purposive sample of 375 clinical nurses in three academic medical centres in Saudi Arabia were surveyed using the professional quality of life version 5 and the short‐form 24‐item Caring Behavior Inventory from May–August 2020. A standard multiple regression analysis was performed to investigate the predictors of the professional quality of life and caring behaviour. This study adhered to the recommendations of the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines.ResultsThe majority of the respondents reported average level of compassion satisfaction (57.9%), burnout (54.4%) and secondary traumatic stress (66.9%) in the professional quality of life domains. The result also showed highest degree of caring in terms of ‘assurance of human presence’ while lowest in the ‘knowledge and skills’ in four subscales of caring behaviour. The following variables significantly predicted compassion satisfaction: education, area of assignment and position. Age, education and religion were identified as significant predictors of burnout while religion, nationality and position were significant predictors of secondary traumatic stress. Positive and negative domains of professional quality of life influenced the caring behaviours among clinical nurses.ConclusionsBased on the results of the study, clinical nurses exhibited moderate level of professional quality of life and correlates to their caring behaviours. Moreover, clinical nurses’ demographic characteristics predicted their professional quality of life and caring behaviours.Relevance to clinical practiceThe importance of ensuring good professional quality of life and caring behaviour among clinical nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic is underscored. Nursing leaders can utilise this baseline evidence and apply programmes for clinical nurses to tackle professional quality of life issues and enhance caring behaviours.