bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Electrocardiography, Echocardiography and Cardiac T2* for Cardiac Complications in Beta Thalassemia Major
Authors: DURSUN Fadime ERSOY , Aciksari Gonul , Ozkok Sercin , Incealtin Onur 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Cardiac complications such as heart failure and arrhythmias caused by "iron-induced" cardiomyopathy are considered as the primary cause of death in the patients with β-thalassemia major. The aim of this study was to evaluate electrocardiography, echocardiography according cardiac T2* and ferritin findings of patients followed-up for β-thalassemia major, and to investigate the importance of these findings for early detection of cardiac complications. The study included 41 patients and 25 healthy individuals with matched age and gender. The cardiac T2* results revealed a cardiac iron load below 20 msec in 12 (29.27%) patients, and above 20 msec in 29 (70.73%) patients. All electrocardiography parameters except JTc interval significantly increased in the patient group when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). All parameters except P wave segment in electrocardiography and T peak-end/QT ratio were significantly higher in the group with cardiac T2* <20 msec than the group with cardiac T2* >20 msec (p < 0.05). Intraventricular septum thickness, left ventricular posterior wall thickness, left ventricular mass and left ventricular mass index detected by echocardiography were significantly higher in the group with T2* <20 msec (p < 0.05). Electrocardiography, echocardiography, cardiac T2* and ferritin findings should be carefully evaluated in these patients in order to detect early signs of cardiac complications.
Association Among Sentinel Surveillance, Meteorological Factors, and Infectious Disease in Gwangju, Korea
Authors: Joung You Hyun , Jang Taesu , Kim Jae Kyung 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction:
The outbreak of new infectious diseases is threatening human survival. Transmission of such diseases is determined by several factors, with climate being a very important factor. This study was conducted to assess the correlation between the occurrence of infectious diseases and climatic factors using data from the Sentinel Surveillance System and meteorological data from Gwangju, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.
Result
The climate of Gwangju from June to September is humid, with this city having the highest average temperature, whereas that from December to February is cold and dry. Infection rates of Salmonella (Temperature: r = 0.710**; Relative humidity: r = 0.669**), E. coli (r = 0.617**; r = 0.626**), Rotavirus (r=-0.408**; r=-0.618**), Norovirus (r=-0.463**; r=-0.316**), Influenza virus (r=-0.726**; r=-0.672**), Coronavirus (r=-0.684**; r=-0.408**), and Coxsackievirus (r = 0.654**; r = 0.548**) have been shown to have a high correlation with seasonal changes, specifically in these meteorological factors.
Discussion & Conclusions:
Pathogens showing distinct seasonality in the occurrence of infection were observed, and there was a high correlation with the climate characteristics of Gwangju. In particular, viral diseases show strong seasonality, and further research on this matter is needed. Due to the current COVID-19 pandemic, quarantine and prevention have become important to block the spread of infectious diseases. For this purpose, studies that predicts infectivity through various types of data related to infection are important.
Pd@Py2PZ@MSN as a Novel and Efficient Catalyst for C-C Bond Formation Reactions
Authors: Sayahi Mohammad Hossein , Toosibashi Mansoureh , Bahmaei Mehdi , Lijan Hosein , Maˈmani Leila , Mahdavi Mohammad , Bahadorikhalili Saeed 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a novel catalyst is introduced based on the immobilization of palladium onto dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (Py2PZ) ligand is synthesized in a simple method from the reaction of 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione and 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid as starting materials. The ligand is used to functionalize mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) and to modify its surface chemistry for immobilization of palladium. The palladium immobilized dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Pd@Py2PZ@MSN) are synthesized and characterized by several characterization techniques, including TEM, SEM, FTIR, TGA, ICP, XRD, and EDS analysis. After the careful characterization of Pd@Py2PZ@MSN, the activity and efficiency of this catalyst is examined in carbon-carbon bond formation reactions. The results are advantageous in water and the products are obtained in high isolated yields. In addition, the catalyst shows very good reusability and did not show significant loss in activity after 10 sequential runs.
Genetic Dissection of the Powdery Mildew Resistance in Wheat Breeding Line LS5082 Using BSR-Seq
Authors: Wu Liru , Zhu Tong , He Huagang , Cao Xinyou , Li Haosheng , Xu Hongxing , Jia Mengshu , Zhang Lipei , Song Jiancheng , Mirzaghaderi Ghader , Liu Cheng , Ma Pengtao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Wheat powdery mildew is a destructive disease seriously threatening yield and quality. Comprehensive dissection of new resistance-related loci/genes is necessary to control this disease. LS5082 is a Chinese wheat breeding line with resistance to powdery mildew. Genetic analysis indicated that a single dominant gene, tentatively designated PmLS5082, conferred seedling resistance to different Bgt isolates. Bulked segregant RNA-seq (BSR-seq) was carried out to map the R gene PmLS5082 and profile differentially expressed genes associated with PmLS5082. PmLS5082 was mapped to chromosome arm 2BL and flanked by the markers WGGBH612-5 and YTU19-005 with genetic distances of 0.3 and 0.4 cM, respectively. The physical position was subsequently locked into the interval of 710.3-711.0 Mb. PmLS5082 differs from the catalogued Pm genes on chromosome arm 2BL in its resistant spectrum, physical position and origin, suggesting it is most likely a new Pm gene. Through COG and KEGG analysis, differentially expressed genes associated with PmLS5082 were profiled, and six genes in PmLS5082 interval were confirmed to be associated with PmLS5082 via RT-qPCR, using an additional set of wheat samples and time-course analysis post-inoculation with Bgt. In order to transfer PmLS082 to different genetic backgrounds using marker-assisted selection (MAS), closely linked markers, including Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) markers, were evaluated and nine markers were confirmed to be widely applicable for MAS in different genetic backgrounds.
Physical and Biogeochemical Characterization of a Tropical Karstic Marsh in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico.
Authors: Cejudo Eduardo , Ortega-Camacho Daniela , García-Vargas Eduardo Arturo , Hernández-Alarcón Elizabeth 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Karstic wetlands provide important ecosystem services such as maintenance of hydrological balance, flood regulation, drinking water supply and nutrients cycling. It is important to conserve and maintain karstic wetlands due to its interaction with groundwater systems and its socioeconomic relevance. The objective of this research was to generate base-line knowledge of the microtopography, hydroperiod and biogeochemical characteristics of poorly known tropical karstic marshes by testing two hypotheses, the phreatotrophic nature of tropical karstic marshes, and the alteration of its biogeochemistry by a highway dividing the marsh. The study site is located in the north of the state of Quintana Roo (Mexico), in pseudo-paludal depressions associated to fractures. The water level varied from few centimeters below the ground to more than 100 cm. We demonstrate that the wetland is groundwater-fed with differences among groundwater, interstitial and surface water in almost all parameters measured. The water is calcium bicarbonate type; the main processes occurring are recharge, evaporation and rock dissolution. Our results suggests active denitrification, low phosphates attributed to Ca- and Fe/Al-bound P, elevated alkalinity and sulfate reduction due to anaerobic conditions in water and soil. The soil reflect its sedimentary origin, the bulk density is low with very high water retention capacity. We do not have enough evidence of the highway modifying the biogeochemistry or hydrology of the marsh. These karstic wetlands provide important provisioning and supporting ecosystem services that should be studied, acknowledged and maintained.
A Novel Flexible Microstrip Patch Antenna with Different Conductive Materials For Telemedicine and Mobile Biomedical Imaging Systems
Authors: Aydın Emine Avşar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Telemedicine and mobile healthcare communication devices require compact antennas with superior performance and reduced size and weight. The design and development of such antennas for broadband applications are challenging for many researchers. In this study, a wearable rectangular microstrip antenna was designed and implemented to detect many tumors. The patch and ground part of the antenna, which can be used as both a transmitter and a receiver in microwave imaging systems, are made of copper tape, graphene, conductive paint, and the substrate is made of felt (Ɛr = 1.3). Antenna parameters were optimized using the CST Microwave Studio program. The conventional microstrip antennas have a narrow band and low gain. The antenna in this study is designed and implemented differently from the conventional microstrip antennas and can be easily used in applications requiring ultra-wideband. In addition, the radiation characteristic of the designed antenna is quite good, and the electric field change around it is at a level that will not cause any health problems. The variation of the conductivity values ​​of the organs in the human body is high in the 1 GHz-10 GHz frequency band. The antenna, which is designed based on the fact that the conductivity values ​​of healthy tissues and tumor/cancer tissues are different, can be used in microwave imaging systems to detect tumors in organs such as the lung, brain, liver, and kidney. Also, the designed antenna is in a wearable form, allowing continuous monitoring of patients with high cancer risk. In this article, a microstrip patch antenna with a flexible substrate with copper tape, conductive paint, and graphene-based conductor that can be used for imaging and telemedicine applications is proposed, and its performance is experimentally analyzed. A standard and low-cost 3D printer are used to produce the graphene-based conductive part. In addition, copper tape and conductive paint materials were used to produce the patch part with an easier and cheaper method without a special device. The performance, return loss, and gain of the produced antennas were analyzed both in simulation and experimentally.
Emerging Patterns and Current Trends of AIDS Defining and Non-AIDS Defining Malignancies in HIV Infected Individuals from a Tertiary Care Center in South India
Authors: Philipose Cheryl Sarah , Sundar Sruthi , Ramapuram John T , Rai Sharada , Mukerjee Ria 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: People living with HIV/AIDS are at increased risk of developing malignancies- both AIDS defining and non-AIDS defining. The trends in incidence and severity of cancers among those with HIV/AIDS has greatly changed since the advent of ART. The aim of this study was to analyse the clinico-epidemiological profile of patients in South India with HIV/AIDS who subsequently developed malignancy. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the medical records of patients with HIV/AIDS who were diagnosed with cancer after seroconversion from January 2014 to December 2019 and presented to a tertiary medical centre. Results: Of the 627 cases of HIV presenting to the hospital during the study period, 50 (8%) developed cancer. Among the patients with cancer 14 (28%) had AIDS defining cancer while 36 (72%) had non- AIDS defining cancer. The mean CD4 cell count at the time of diagnosis with malignancy was 502.45/uL. Among the patients with AIDS defining malignancies, 10 patients (71.4%) had NHL, 3 patients (21.4%) had invasive cervical cancer and one patient (7.1%) was diagnosed with CNS lymphoma. Among the 36 cases of non-AIDS defining malignancies, there were 7 cases (19.4%) of malignancies of the upper airway (oral cavity, nasopharynx, larynx), 7 cases (19.4%) of malignancies of the female genital tract, 6 cases (16.7%) of haemato-lymphoid malignancies, 3 cases each (8.3%) of malignancies of the lung and GIT including anal canal. 2 cases each (5.6%) of breast carcinoma or carcinoma of the male genital tract. 1 case each (2.8%) of cancers of the eye, urinary tract and metastatic lesion with an unknown primary were also reported. Conclusion: Malignancies in HIV infected individuals in an emerging global health issue. In the present study, we report a prevalence of 8% of malignancies in HIV infected individuals and a higher incidence of non-AIDS defining malignancies.
Molecular Detection of Blueberry Stunt Phytoplasma in Eastern Canada: a Multi-year Study
Authors: Hammond Christine , Perez-Lopez Edel , Town Jennifer , Vincent Charles , Moreau Debra , Dumonceaux Tim 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Blueberry stunt phytoplasma (BBSP; ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’) is an insect-vectored plant pathogen that causes severe yield losses in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum), which is the most valuable fruit crop in Canada. Rapid, field-based diagnostic assays are desirable tools for the control of BBSP, as part of an integrated, proactive approach to production management termed biovigilance. We designed and validated a chaperonin-60 (cpn60)-targeted LAMP assay for detection of BBSP, providing a rapid, low cost, field-deployable diagnostic option. Our validation demonstrates that the assay is reproducible, with high analytical specificity and improved sensitivity when compared with 16S rRNA nested PCR. We applied the validated LAMP assay to nearly 2000 blueberry samples from Québec and Nova Scotia over three growing seasons (2016–2018). Our surveys revealed that BBSP is present in most sites across both provinces, though detection of the pathogen in individual plants varied in different tissues across sampling dates and across years, and evidence of spread between plants was limited. To quantify pathogen load in select plants, we designed additional qPCR and ddPCR assays, also based on cpn60. We found that pathogen load fluctuates in a given plant within and between growing seasons. Finally, we designed an interactive map to visualize the results of our surveys. These results provide a validated diagnostic assay that can be used as part of a biovigilance strategy for detecting and controlling infections caused by BBSP.
Host Genetics Underlying Pathological Outcomes to Mycobacterium Avium Subsp. Paratuberculosis Infection is Governed by Distinct Genetic Variants
Authors: Canive Maria , Badia-Bringué Gerard , Vázquez Patricia , González-Recio Oscar , Fernandez Almudena , Garrido Joseba M. , Juste Ramón A. , Alonso-Hearn Marta 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Bovine paratuberculosis (PTB), caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), is a chronic granulomatous enteritis that affects cattle worldwide. According to their severity and extension, PTB-associated histological lesions have been classified into the following groups; focal, multifocal, and diffuse. It is unknown whether these lesions represent sequential stages or divergent outcomes. In the current study, the associations between host genetics and pathology were explored by genotyping 813 Spanish Holstein cows with no visible lesions (N= 373) and with focal (N=371), multifocal (N=33), and diffuse (N=33) lesions in gut tissues and regional lymph nodes. DNA from peripheral blood samples of these animals was genotyped with the Bovine EuroG MD Bead Chip, and the corresponding genotypes were imputed to whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data using the 1,000 Bull genomes reference population. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using the WGS data and the presence or absence of each type of histological lesion in a case-control approach. No overlap was seen in the SNPs controlling the three PTB-associated lesions. A total of 192 and 92 SNPs defining 13 and 9 distinct quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were highly-associated (P ≤ 5 x 10-7) with the multifocal (heritability= 0.075) and the diffuse (heritability= 0.189) lesions, respectively. Some of the identified QTLs overlapped with QTLs previously associated with PTB, bovine tuberculosis, mastitis, and IgG levels. Pathway analysis with candidate genes overlapping the identified QTLs revealed a significant enrichment of the keratinization pathway and cholesterol metabolism in the animals with multifocal and diffuse lesions, respectively. While keratin variants may predispose cows to the development of multifocal lesions, cholesterol variants associate with the more severe lesions. Taken together, these findings suggest that the variation in MAP-associated pathological outcomes might be genetically determined and indicative of distinct host responses in genetically predisposed individuals.
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Common Bean Landraces Varieties in South of Brazil
Authors: Santos Ana Claudia Schllemer dos , Alcântara Lucas Vinícius de Sousa , Terada Larissa Yuki , Nunes Isadora Bischoff , Domingues Lucas da Silva , Donazzolo Joel , Perseguini Juliana Morini Kupper Cardoso 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This work aimed to perform the morphological and molecular characterization of 31 land races varieties and 9 cultivars of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Morphological characters were evaluated during seedling, flowering, physiological maturation and post-harvest maturation stages. Ten microsatellite markers were used for molecular screening. The markers were analyzed according to the number of alleles per locus, the allele frequency per locus and the polymorphism in content (PIC). Genetic distances and cluster analysis were performed using the Bayesian inference and the UPGMA method. All black beans evaluated have anthocyanin in the cotyledons, hypocotyls and stem, and their flowers are purple. For the growth habit, 50% of the evaluated genotypes belong to the type III and there is a predominance of yellow color in the pods (85%) at the physiological maturation stage. Through the genetic dissimilarity it was possible to discriminate three groups for the Likelihood reason and six groups through the UPGMA method, these results indicate a wide genetic diversity among the evaluated genotypes.
Barriers of Neonatal Pain Management in the Intensive Care Unit: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Neshat Hanieh , hassankhani Hadi , Jabraeili Mahnaz , Negarandeh Reza , Hosseini Mohammad Bagher , Mahallei Majid 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Recognizing and managing neonates' pain in the intensive care unit is challenging. Evidence shows that guidelines available in this area are not utilized effectively in practice. Purpose: To explore barriers to neonatal pain management in a neonatal intensive care unit.Methods: This was a qualitative study. Thirty-one nurses and physicians participated in the study. Data was collected through individual and focus group interviews. Data analysis was performed using conventional content analysis.Results: The barriers consisted of lack of holistic views towards neonates (exclusive concentration on treating the diseases, the neonate's inability to demand and protest verbally), subjective and arbitrary working (unorganized teamwork, lack of unified approach in pain-relieving, limited supervision for pain management), work overload (workload, physical and psychological strain on the caregivers), insufficient professional knowledge (Insufficient expertise in using pain assessment tools, Low importance of controlling environmental stimuli, Insufficient knowledge about pain management medication, and Considering patient's pain as expected).Conclusion: According to the professionals, the barriers to effective management of pain in neonates admitted to the intensive care unit in a developing country, are comprised of the individual, interpersonal, and organizational factors.Practice Implications: Investigation the barriers of optimal pain management in NICU can help to take the proper steps to improve the quality of service provided. Education of care providers, designing and implementation of a unified neonatal-based pain management program, and proper organizational supervision could improve neonatal pain management. Also, physical and emotional support of care workers is essential for more quality performance.
New Phase in Fluid Hydrogen at Room Temperature
Authors: Nakayama Atsuko , Isurugi Yuya , Serizawa Yuya , Nakano Satoshi , Ohmura Ayako , Ishikawa Fumihiro 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The presence of phase-transition in hydrogen (H2) at around 560 megapascal (MPa) and room temperature was clarified by Raman and x-ray diffraction studies on both pure H2 and graphite-H2 mixture. H2 is intercalated into the nano-space of graphite, which lowers the transition pressure and temporally expands the size of the honeycomb lattice of graphite under pressure up to 600 MPa. It is supposed that is caused by a gas-liquid phase-transition. According to the peak analysis for Q1(J) mode, the ortho-para conversion of H2 gradually begins to appear after the phase-transition pressure even at room temperature, while peak separation is difficult to achieve under pressure above 1.6 gigapascal (GPa) because of significant overlapping of the peak intensities. Because we have missed the ortho-para conversion which could be observed in only such a small pressure range, the fluid phase at room temperature was full of mystery.
Degradation of Internal Fixation Materials Based on Antibacterial and Absorbable Silk Containing Different Gentamicin Concentrations
Authors: Shi Chenglong , Liao Xuqiang , Pu Xiaobing , Li Xiushi , Wu Ruihui , Deng Donghai , Zhou Yunfei , Huang Xingqiu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Adding gentamicin to silk fibroin enhances both the antibacterial performance and degradation rate of silk-based materials. The increased material degradation rate can affect the strength of early internal fixation, resulting in internal fixation failure. This study sought to adjust the gentamicin concentration to control the material degradation rate, thereby better meeting clinical application requirements. The in vitro degradation, water absorption rate, and expansion rate of silk-based materials containing different gentamicin concentrations were studied. A gentamicin-loaded silk-based screw (GSS) was implanted into the femurs of New Zealand rabbits. Micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) was used to measure the screw diameter, which was then used to calculate the degradation rate. The in vitro results revealed increasing material degradation rates with increasing gentamicin concentration but no significant differences in water absorption rates with different gentamicin concentrations. The degradation rates of gentamicin-loaded (4 mg/g) silk-based rod-like materials were approximately 11.08% at three months in vitro and 9.4% in the animal experiment. The time for complete degradation was predicted from the fitting curve to be approximately 16 months. The degradation of material containing 4 mg/g gentamicin meets clinical application requirements, and previous experimental results demonstrate good antibacterial performance is retained by materials containing this gentamicin concentration.