bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parastomal Hernia: A Retrospective Nationwide Cohort Study Comparing Different Techniques with Long‐Term Follow‐Up
Authors: Mäkäräinen‐Uhlbäck Elisa , Vironen Jaana , Falenius Ville , Nordström Pia , Välikoski Anu , Kössi Jyrki , Kechagias Aristotelis , Kalliala Maija , Mattila Anne , Rantanen Tuomo , Scheinin Tom , Ohtonen Pasi , Rautio Tero 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundParastomal hernia repair is a complex surgical procedure with high recurrence and complication rates. This retrospective nationwide cohort study presents the results of different parastomal hernia repair techniques in Finland.MethodsAll patients who underwent a primary end ostomy parastomal hernia repair in the nine participating hospitals during 2007–2017 were included in the study. The primary outcome measure was recurrence rate. Secondary outcomes were complications and re‐operation rate.ResultsIn total, 235 primary elective parastomal hernia repairs were performed in five university hospitals and four central hospitals in Finland during 2007–2017. The major techniques used were the Sugarbaker (38.8%), keyhole (16.3%), and sandwich techniques (15.4%). In addition, a specific intra‐abdominal keyhole technique with a funnel‐shaped mesh was utilized in 8.3% of the techniques; other parastomal hernia repair techniques were used in 21.3% of the cases. The median follow‐up time was 39.0 months (0–146, SD 35.3). The recurrence rates after the keyhole, Sugarbaker, sandwich, specific funnel‐shaped mesh, and other techniques were 35.9%, 21.5%, 13.5%, 15%, and 35.3%, respectively. The overall re‐operation rate was 20.4%, while complications occurred in 26.3% of patients.ConclusionThe recurrence rate after parastomal hernia repair is unacceptable in this nationwide cohort study. As PSH repair volumes are low, further multinational, randomized controlled trials and hernia registry data are needed to improve the results.
Perrierite-(Ce) from the Laacher See tephra, Eifel, Germany, and the modular character of the chevkinite group of minerals
Authors: Malcherek Thomas , Schlüter Jochen , Schäfer Christof 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPerrierite-(Ce) crystals from ejecta of the Laacher See volcano, Eifel, in Germany were studied by X-ray single-crystal diffraction and electron microprobe analysis. The composition and crystal structure of this sample is discussed in relation to the known properties of the chevkinite group minerals and related synthetic compounds. Taking into account the modular character of the chevkinite minerals, based on a rutile and a silicate module, the preferred formation of either the perrierite or the chevkinite structure type is correlated with the formal charge of the rutile and silicate modules. The rutile module is expected to carry a negative charge, compensated by a positive charge of the silicate module. On average, the charge modulus is observed to be larger for the chevkinite-type module stacking. It can drop to zero in perrierite-type structures rich in Sr or Ca. In such cases, it is generally not expected to rise above two. The perrierite-(Ce) described in this study crystallizes in space groupC2/m. The anisotropic oxygen and rare-earth element displacements observed in this crystal indicate a local domain structure of$$P2_1/a$$P21/asymmetry, when compared to the$$P2_1/a$$P21/asymmetry of the synthetic perrierite$$\hbox {La}_4\hbox {Mg}_2\hbox {Ti}_3\hbox {O}_8(\hbox {Si}_2\hbox {O}_7)_2$$La4Mg2Ti3O8(Si2O7)2.
Lipopolysaccharide Administration Alters Extracellular Vesicles in Cell Lines and Mice
Authors: Jones Leandra B. , Kumar Sanjay , Bell Courtnee’ R. , Crenshaw Brennetta J. , Coats Mamie T. , Sims Brian , Matthews Qiana L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) play a fundamental role in cell and infection biology and have the potential to act as biomarkers for novel diagnostic tools. In this study, we explored the in vitro impact of bacterial lipopolysaccharide administration on cell lines that represents a target for bacterial infection in the host. Administration of lipopolysaccharide at varying concentrations to A549 and BV-2 cell lines caused only modest changes in cell death, but EV numbers were significantly changed. After treatment with the highest concentration of lipopolysaccharide, EVs derived from A549 cells packaged significantly less interleukin-6 and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1. EVs derived from BV-2 cells packaged significantly less tumor necrosis factor after administration of lipopolysaccharide concentrations of 0.1 µg/mL and 1 µg/mL. We also examined the impact of lipopolysaccharide administration on exosome biogenesis and cargo composition in BALB/c mice. Serum-isolated EVs from lipopolysaccharide-treated mice showed significantly increased lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 and toll-like receptor 4 levels compared with EVs from control mice. In summary, this study demonstrated that EV numbers and cargo were altered using these in vitro and in vivo models of bacterial infection.
Orbital volume, ophthalmic sequelae and severity in unilateral coronal synostosis
Authors: Kronig Sophia A. J. , Kronig Otto D. M. , Zurek Marcel , Van Adrichem Léon N. A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Unilateral coronal synostosis (UCS) results in an asymmetrical skull, including shallow and asymmetrical orbits, associated with reduced orbital volume and high prevalences of ophthalmic sequelae. Aim is to link orbital volumes in patients with UCS to severity according to UCSQ (Utrecht Cranial Shape Quantifier) and presence of ophthalmic sequelae.

Methods
We included preoperative patients with UCS (≤ 18 months). Orbital volume was measured on CT scans by manual segmentation (Mimics software (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium)), and severity of UCS was determined by UCSQ. Orbital volume of affected side was compared to unaffected side using Wilcoxon signed rank test. Orbital volume ratio was calculated (affected/unaffected volume) and compared to the category of UCSQ by Kruskal-Wallis test. Opthalmic sequelae were noted.

Results
We included 19 patients (mean age 7 months). Orbital volume on affected side was significantly lower (p = 0.001), mean orbital volume ratio was 0.93 (SD 0.03). No significant differences in group means of orbital volume ratio between different levels of severity of UCSQ were found (Kruskal-Wallis H (2) = 0.873; p > 0.05). Ophthalmic sequelae were found in 3 patients; one had adduction impairment and strabismus (mild UCS), one had astigmatism (moderate UCS), and one had abduction impairment (on both ipsi- and contralateral side) and vertical strabismus (severe UCS).

Conclusion
No association between orbital volume ratio and severity of UCS was found. Side-to-side asymmetry in orbital volume was noted. No association between either preoperative orbital volume ratio or severity of UCS and the presence of preoperative ophthalmic sequelae was found.
Petrogenesis of the Loch Bà ring-dyke and Centre 3 granites, Isle of Mull, Scotland
Authors: Troll Valentin R. , Nicoll Graeme R. , Ellam Robert M. , Emeleus C. Henry , Mattsson Tobias 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Loch Bà ring-dyke and the associated Centre 3 granites represent the main events of the final phase of activity at the Palaeogene Mull igneous complex. The Loch Bà ring-dyke is one of the best exposed ring-intrusions in the world and records intense interaction between rhyolitic and basaltic magma. To reconstruct the evolutionary history of the Centre 3 magmas, we present new major- and trace-element, and new Sr isotope data as well as the first Nd and Pb isotope data for the felsic and mafic components of the Loch Bà intrusion and associated Centre 3 granites. We also report new Sr, Nd and Pb isotope data for the various crustal compositions from the region, including Moine and Dalradian metasedimentary rocks, Lewisian gneiss, and Iona Group metasediments. Isotope data for the Loch Bà rhyolite (87Sr/86Sri = 0.716) imply a considerable contribution of local Moine-type metasedimentary crust (87Sr/86Sr = 0.717–0.736), whereas Loch Bà mafic inclusions (87Sr/86Sri = 0.704–0.707) are closer to established mantle values, implying that felsic melts of dominantly crustal origin mixed with newly arriving basalt. The Centre 3 microgranites (87Sr/86Sri = 0.709–0.716), are less intensely affected by crustal assimilation relative to the Loch Bá rhyolite. Pb-isotope data confirm incorporation of Moine metasediments within the Centre 3 granites. Remarkably, the combined Sr–Nd–Pb data indicate that Centre 3 magmas record no detectable interaction with underlying deep Lewisian gneiss basement, in contrast to Centre 1 and 2 lithologies. This implies that Centre 3 magmas ascended through previously depleted or insulated feeding channels into upper-crustal reservoirs where they resided within and interacted with fertile Moine-type upper crust prior to eruption or final emplacement.
Early life serum neurofilament dynamics predict neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm infants
Authors: Goeral Katharina , Hauck Annalisa , Atkinson Andrew , Wagner Michael B. , Pimpel Birgit , Fuiko Renate , Klebermass-Schrehof Katrin , Leppert David , Kuhle Jens , Berger Angelika , Olischar Monika , Wellmann Sven 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background and purpose
To determine whether neurofilament light chain (NfL), a promising serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker of neuroaxonal damage, predicts functional outcome in preterm infants with neonatal brain injury.

Methods
Our prospective observational study used a sensitive single-molecule array assay to measure serum and CSF NfL concentrations in preterm infants with moderate to severe peri/intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH). We determined temporal serum and CSF NfL profiles from the initial diagnosis of PIVH until term-equivalent age and their association with clinical and neurodevelopmental outcome until 2 years of age assessed by Bayley Scales of Infant Development (3rd edition). We fitted univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to determine risk factors for poor motor and cognitive development.

Results
The study included 48 infants born at < 32 weeks of gestation. Median serum NfL (sNfL) at PIVH diagnosis was 251 pg/mL [interquartile range (IQR) 139–379], decreasing markedly until term-equivalent age to 15.7 pg/mL (IQR 11.1–33.5). CSF NfL was on average 113-fold higher (IQR 40–211) than corresponding sNfL values. Additional cerebral infarction (n = 25)-but not post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus requiring external ventricular drainage (n = 29) nor any other impairment-was independently associated with sNfL. Multivariate logistic regression models identified sNfL as an independent predictor of poor motor outcome or death at 1 and 2 years.

Conclusions
Serum neurofilament light chain dynamics in the first weeks of life predict motor outcome in preterm infants with PIVH.
Independent and combined impact of hypoxia and acute inorganic nitrate ingestion on thermoregulatory responses to the cold
Authors: Arnold Josh T. , Bailey Stephen J. , Hodder Simon G. , Fujii Naoto , Lloyd Alex B. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This study assessed the impact of normobaric hypoxia and acute nitrate ingestion on shivering thermogenesis, cutaneous vascular control, and thermometrics in response to cold stress.

Method
Eleven male volunteers underwent passive cooling at 10 °C air temperature across four conditions: (1) normoxia with placebo ingestion, (2) hypoxia (0.130 FiO2) with placebo ingestion, (3) normoxia with 13 mmol nitrate ingestion, and (4) hypoxia with nitrate ingestion. Physiological metrics were assessed as a rate of change over 45 min to determine heat loss, and at the point of shivering onset to determine the thermogenic thermoeffector threshold.

Result
Independently, hypoxia expedited shivering onset time (p = 0.05) due to a faster cooling rate as opposed to a change in central thermoeffector thresholds. Specifically, compared to normoxia, hypoxia increased skin blood flow (p = 0.02), leading to an increased core-cooling rate (p = 0.04) and delta change in rectal temperature (p = 0.03) over 45 min, yet the same rectal temperature at shivering onset (p = 0.9). Independently, nitrate ingestion delayed shivering onset time (p = 0.01), mediated by a change in central thermoeffector thresholds, independent of changes in peripheral heat exchange. Specifically, compared to placebo ingestion, no difference was observed in skin blood flow (p = 0.5), core-cooling rate (p = 0.5), or delta change in rectal temperature (p = 0.7) over 45 min, while nitrate reduced rectal temperature at shivering onset (p = 0.04). No interaction was observed between hypoxia and nitrate ingestion.

Conclusion
These data improve our understanding of how hypoxia and nitric oxide modulate cold thermoregulation.
Plant species- and stage-specific differences in microbial decay of mangrove leaf litter: the older the better?
Authors: Pradisty Novia Arinda , Amir A. Aldrie , Zimmer Martin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLeaf litter and its breakdown products represent an important input of organic matter and nutrients to mangrove sediments and adjacent coastal ecosystems. It is commonly assumed that old-grown stands with mature trees contribute more to the permanent sediment organic matter pool than younger stands. However, neither are interspecific differences in leaf decay rates taken into account in this assumption nor is our understanding of the underlying mechanisms or drivers of differences in leaf chemistry sufficient. This study examines the influence of different plant species and ontogenetic stage on the microbial decay of mangrove leaf litter. A litterbag experiment was conducted in the Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve, Malaysia, to monitor leaf litter mass loss, and changes in leaf litter chemistry and microbial enzyme activity. Four mangrove species of different morphologies were selected, namely the trees Rhizophora apiculata and Bruguiera parviflora, the fern Acrostichum aureum and the shrub Acanthus ilicifolius. Decay rates of mangrove leaf litter decreased from A. ilicifolius to R. apiculata to B. parviflora to A. aureum. Leaf litter mass, total phenolic content, protein precipitation capacity and phenol oxidase activity were found to decline rapidly during the early stage of decay. Leaf litter from immature plants differed from that of mature plants in total phenolic content, phenolic signature, protein precipitating capacity and protease activity. For R. apiculata, but not of the other species, leaf litter from immature plants decayed faster than the litter of mature plants. The findings of this study advance our understanding of the organic matter dynamics in mangrove stands of different compositions and ages and will, thus, prove useful in mangrove forest management.
Das wohltemperierte Haifischbecken oder was es heißt, eine Profession zu sein
Authors: Heubel Friedrich 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungSeit der Einführung der G‑DRGs als Instrument zur Vergütung von Krankenhausleistungen steht das Gesundheitswesen als System unter Kritik. Denn die Ausrichtung der Krankenhäuser auf wirtschaftlichen Erfolg relativiert den Anspruch aller Bürgerinnen und Bürger auf gute medizinische Versorgung. Der Artikel geht der Frage nach, von welchem Akteur im System welche Aktivität erzwungen, erwartet, oder verlangt werden kann, dem entgegenzuwirken. Die genannten alltagsmoralischen Urteile werden unter Rückgriff auf Kants Moralphilosophie validiert und auf die wichtigsten Akteure angewandt. Ergebnis: Der Kern des Ökonomisierungs‑/Kommerzialisierungs-Problems besteht in der Entwertung der Professionalität der patientennahen Berufe. Die Neujustierung des Systems kann vom Gesetzgeber nur dann verlangt werden, wenn die verfasste Ärzteschaft sich dazu bekennt, mit den ihr zu Gebote stehenden Mitteln gegen professionswidrige Handlungsanreize vorzugehen.
Wohlergehen – mehr als nur Gesundheit?
Authors: Hirsch Anna 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDas medizinethische Prinzip der Fürsorge richtet sich auf das Wohlergehen von Patientinnen. Im klinischen Kontext liegt der Fokus häufig auf der Linderung von Schmerzen, der Beseitigung von Symptomen sowie der Wiederherstellung körperlicher Funktionen. Welche Bedeutung diese gesundheitsbezogenen Aspekte für das allgemeine Wohlergehen von Patientinnen haben, hängt jedoch auch von persönlichen Wertvorstellungen, Wünschen und Lebensplänen ab. Eine Überbetonung der subjektiven Sicht von Patientinnen auf ihr Wohlergehen würde allerdings zu einer starken inhaltlichen Annäherung der beiden medizinethischen Prinzipien der Fürsorge und des Respekts der Autonomie führen und wäre darüber hinaus nicht mit den Leitlinien ärztlichen Handelns vereinbar. Eine rein objektive Sicht auf das Patientenwohl birgt umgekehrt die Gefahr, einzelnen Patientinnen Wertvorstellungen aufzudrängen, die sie nicht teilen, und ihnen durch vermeintlich fürsorgliches Handeln mehr zu schaden als zu nutzen. Durch eine genauere Analyse des Verhältnisses zwischen gesundheitsbezogenem und allgemeinem Wohlergehen zeigt der vorliegende Beitrag auf, dass Gesundheit nur einen relativen Wert für unser allgemeines Wohlergehen besitzt. Eine besondere Bedeutung kommt dabei elementaren Gesundheitsgütern wie einem intakten Herz-Kreislauf-System oder funktionsfähigen Lungen zu, da sie unabhängig von individuellen Präferenzen und Lebensplänen geschätzt werden und somit als objektiv wertvoll gelten können.
The role of periradicular infiltration in dorsal root ganglion stimulation for chronic neuropathic pain
Authors: Sievert H. , Piedade G. S. , McPhillips P. , Vesper J. , Slotty P. J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Targeting the correct spinal level is essential in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) stimulation. Anatomical selection of the DRG alone is not ideal since the pain area is not necessarily confined to the borders of the dermatomes. This study aims to establish the role of periradicular infiltration therapy (PRT) in the preoperative assessment of the correct level for DRG stimulation performed under general anesthesia.

Method
We report a prospective study of 20 patients selected for DRG stimulation and submitted to a PRT for identification of the spinal level. Lead implantation for the stimulation trial occurred under general anesthesia: 19 patients experienced positive results and underwent implantation of the pulse generator. All patients suffered from chronic neuropathic pain unresponsive to best medical treatment. PRT levels were compared with the levels targeted with DRG leads. Patients were followed for up to 12 months; pain intensity and coverage of the painful area were assessed.

Results
In 12 patients, the trial leads were placed on the same level as previously tested positive by PRT. In 6 patients, leads were placed in the PRT target and additionally in adjacent spinal levels. In one case, the selected target for the trial diverged from the PRT target because of intense fibrosis in the chosen level. Coverage of the target area of at least 50% was achieved by two-thirds of the patients. For the six subjects with additional implanted leads as a consequence of the PRT results, 80% achieved a coverage of at least 50%. A total of 47.4% of the patients achieved sustained significant pain relief in the last follow-up. None of the patients needed a repeated surgery for implantation of additional leads.

Conclusions
PRT is a helpful tool to confirm the stimulation targets. A PRT preceding the stimulation trial is an additional opportunity to optimize the coverage of the target area with stimulation-induced paresthesia for patients operated under general anesthesia.
Microsurgical and endovascular treatment of un-ruptured cerebral aneurysms by European hybrid neurosurgeons to balance surgical skills and medical staff management
Authors: Al-Schameri Abdul Rahman , Thakur Som , Kral Michael , Schwartz Christoph , Pikija Slaven , Sherif Camillo , Weymayr Friedrich , Richling Bernd 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
In Europe, aneurysm treatment performed by dually trained neurosurgeons is extremely scarce. We provide outcome data for un-ruptured aneurysm patients treated at a European hybrid center to prove that hybrid neurosurgeons achieve clinical and angiographical results allowing to integrate hybrid neurosurgery into routine aneurysm treatment. This will not only help to maintain neurovascular microsurgical skills but will influence staff costs in related hospitals.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed all consecutively treated un-ruptured aneurysm patients between 2000 and 2016. The decision-making took into account the pros and cons of both modalities and considered patient and aneurysm characteristics. Clinical outcome was assessed by the modified Rankin scale (mRS). Occlusion rates were stratified into grade I for 100%, grade II for 99–90%, and grade III for <90% occlusion. To account for the introduction of stents, two treatment periods (p1, 2000 to 2008; p2, 2009 to 2016) were defined.

Results
The study population consisted of 274 patients (median age 55 years) harboring 338 un-ruptured aneurysms. Microsurgery (MS) was performed in 51.8% and endovascular therapy (EVT) in 43.1%; 5.1% required combined treatment. Overall, 93% showed a favorable clinical outcome (mRS 0–2), 94.3% after MS and 91.5% after EVT. Grade I aneurysm occlusion was achieved in 82.6% patients, 91.9% after MS and 72.9% after EVT. Procedure-related complications occurred after MS in 5.6% and after EVT in 4.4% patients. Mortality was recorded for five (1.8%) patients, one patient after MS and four after EVT. For the EVT cohort, significant improvement from p1 to p2 was seen with clinical outcomes (P=0.030, RR = 0.905, CI: 0.8351–0.9802) and occlusion rates (P=0.039, RR = 0.6790, CI: 0.499–0.923).

Conclusion
Hybrid neurosurgeons achieve qualified clinical and angiographic results. Dual training will allow to maintain neurovascular caseloads and preserve future aneurysm treatment within neurosurgery. Furthermore economic benefits could be observed in hospital management.
Synthesis of chimera oligopeptide including furanoid β-sugar amino acid derivatives with free OHs: mild but successful removal of the 1,2-O-isopropylidene from the building block
Authors: Duong Kim Hoang Yen , Goldschmidt Gőz Viktória , Pintér István , Perczel András 
Published: February 2021

AbstractComplementary to hydrophobic five membered ring β-amino acids (e.g. ACPC), β-sugar amino acids (β-SAAs) have found increasing application as hydrophilic building blocks of foldamers and α/β chimeric peptides. Fmoc-protected β-SAAs [e.g. Fmoc-RibAFU(ip)-OH] are indeed useful Lego elements, ready to use for SPPS. The removal of 1,2-OH isopropylidene protecting group increasing the hydrophilicity of such SAA is presented here. We first used N3-RibAFU(ip)-OH model compound to optimize mild deprotection conditions. The formation of the 1,2-OH free product N3-RibAFU-OH and its methyl glycoside methyl ester, N3-RibAFU(Me)-OMe were monitored by RP-HPLC and found that either 50% TFA or 8 eqv. Amberlite IR-120 H+ resin in MeOH are optimal reagents for the effective deprotection. These conditions were then successfully applied for the synthesis of chimeric oligopeptide: -GG-X-GG- [X=RibAFU(ip)]. We found the established conditions to be effective and—at the same time—sufficiently mild to remove 1,2-O-isopropylidene protection and thus, it is proposed to be used in the synthesis of oligo- and polypeptides of complex sequence combination.