bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transmission Dynamics and Control of Two Epidemic Waves of SARS-CoV-2 in South Korea
Authors: Ryu Sukhyun , Ali Sheikh Taslim , Noh Eunbi , Kim Dasom , Lau Eric H.Y. , Cowling Benjamin J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: After relaxing social distancing measures, South Korea experienced a resurgent second epidemic wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we aimed to identify the transmission dynamics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections and assess the impact of COVID-19 case finding and contact tracing in each epidemic wave.Methods: We collected data on COVID-19 cases published by local public health authorities in South Korea and divided the study into two epidemic periods (19 January–19 April 2020 for the first epidemic wave and 20 April–11 August 2020 for the second epidemic wave). To identify changes in the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2, the daily effective reproductive number (Rt) was estimated using the illness onset of the cases. Furthermore, to identify the characteristics of each epidemic wave, frequencies of cluster types were measured, and age-specific transmission probability matrices and serial intervals were estimated. The proportion of asymptomatic cases and cases with unknown sources of infection were also estimated to assess the changes of infections identified as cases in each wave.Results: In early May 2020, within 2-weeks of a relaxation in strict social distancing measures, Rt increased rapidly from 0.2 to 1.8 within a week and was around 1 until early July 2020. In both epidemic waves, the most frequent cluster types were religious-related activities and transmissions among the same age were more common. Furthermore, children were rarely infectors or infectees, and the mean serial intervals were similar (~3 days) in both waves. The proportion of asymptomatic cases at presentation increased from 22% (in the first wave) to 27% (in the second wave), while the cases with unknown sources of infection were similar in both waves (22% and 24%, respectively).Conclusions: Our study shows that relaxing social distancing measures was associated with increased SARS-CoV-2 transmission despite rigorous case findings in South Korea. Along with social distancing measures, the enhanced contact tracing including asymptomatic cases could be an efficient approach to control further epidemic waves.
Induction and Submerged Cultivation of Valeriana Jatamansi Adventitious Root Cultures for Production of Valerenic Acid and its Derivatives
Authors: Gehlot Ashok , Chaudhary Neha , Devi Jyoti , Joshi Robin , Kumar Dinesh , Bhushan Shashi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In vitro adventitious roots were induced from Valeriana jatamansi to assess their quality as an alternative ingredient for extraction of secondary metabolites to meet the demand of phytopharmaceutical industries. A significantly (p ≤ 0.05) high root induction (90 %) was achieved on Schenk and Hildebrandt medium fortified with 9.84 µM indole-3-butyric acid. A maximum root biomass (144.09 ± 11.36 g/L) with high relative growth rate (2.01 ± 0.04) and growth index (13.41) was achieved in submerged cultivation. The total valerenic acid derivatives (1525.14 µg/g DW) and acetoxy valerenic acid (534.91µg/g DW) were significantly high in induced adventitious roots, with notable quantity of hydroxyl valerenic acid (919.57 µg/g DW) that otherwise not quantifiable in parent plant parts. In addition, 0.059% essential oil yield consisting of 24.00% patchouli alcohol was also obtained from induced adventitious roots. The phenolic acid derivatives were also significantly higher in adventitious roots (451.58 µg/g DW) as compared to rhizome (187.79 µg/g DW) and leaves (263.68 µg/g DW) of the parent plant. Notably, a substantial increase in phytochemicals was evident at subsequent culture stages with significantly reduced in vitro cultivation cycle (2 months) as compared to field grown plants (24 months). Conclusively, a comparable metabolic profile of in vitro induced V. jatamansi adventitious roots and considerably shorter growth cycle clearly determines its potential as a feasible source of phytoconstituents.
Rehabilitation For Life: The Effect On Physical Function of Rehabilitation And Care In Older Adults After Hip Fracture: Study Protocol For a Cluster-Randomised Stepped-Wedge Trial
Authors: Ipsen Jonas Ammundsen , Pedersen Lars T. , Viberg Bjarke , Nørgaard Birgitte , Suetta Charlotte , Bruun Inge Hansen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: A hip fracture is a serious event for older adults, given that approximately 50% do not regain their habitual level of physical function, and the mortality rate is high, as is the number of readmissions. The gap in healthcare delivery, as separated into two financial and self-governing sectors, might be a contributing cause of inferior rehabilitation and care for these patients. Therefore, we aim to assess the effect of continuous and progressive rehabilitation and care across sectors for older adults after hip fracture.Methods/design: The project is designed as a stepped-wedge cluster-randomised controlled trial. The study population of patients are older adults 65 years of age and above discharged after a hip fracture and healthcare professionals in primary and secondary care (municipalities and hospitals). In addition, health care professionals from different sectors (hospital and municipalities) will be engaged in the empowerment-orientated praxis, through a workshop for health care professionals with knowledge sharing to the older adults using a digital health application (app). The rehabilitation intervention consists of 12 weeks progressive resistance exercises initiated 1-2 days after discharge. To improve communication across sectors, a videoconference involving the patient and physiotherapists from both sectors, will be conducted.At Day 3 after discharge, an outreach nurse performs a thorough assessment including measurement of vital signs. A hotline to the hospital for medical advice is a part of the intervention. The intervention is delivered as an add-on to the usual rehabilitation and care, and it involves one regional hospital and the municipalities within the catchment area of the hospital.The primary outcome is a Timed Up and Go test eight weeks post-surgeryDiscussion: Using a stepped-wedge design, the intervention will be assessed as well as implemented in hospital and municipalities, hopefully for the benefit of older adults after hip fracture. Furthermore, the collaboration between the sectors is expected to improve.The study is approved by the Regional Scientific Ethics Committees of Southern Denmark (S-20200070) and the Danish Data Protection Agency (20-21854). Clinical Trial Identifier (NCT04424186) https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04424186.
A Dynamic Directed Transfer Function For Brain Functional Network Based Feature Extraction
Authors: Li Mingai , Zhang Na 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Directed transfer function (DTF) is good at characterizing the pairwise interactions from the whole brain network and has been applied for discriminating different motor imagery (MI) tasks. Considering the fact that MI electroencephalogram signals are more non-stationary in frequency domain than in time domain, and the activated intensities of α band (8-13Hz) and β band (13-30Hz, with \({\beta }_{1}\)(13-21Hz) and \({\beta }_{2}\)(21-30Hz) included) have considerable differences for different subjects, a dynamic DTF (DDTF) with variable model order and frequency band is proposed to construct the brain functional networks (BFNs), whose information flows and outflows are further calculated as network features and evaluated by support vector machine. Extensive experiments are conducted based on a public BCI competition dataset and a real-world dataset, the highest recognition rate achieve 100% and 86%, respectively. The experimental results suggest that DDTF can reflect the dynamic evolution of BFN, the best subject-based DDTF appears in one of four frequency subbands (α, β, \({\beta }_{1}\),\({\beta }_{2}\)) for discrimination of MI tasks and is much more related to the current and previous states. Besides, DDTF is superior compared to granger causality-based and traditional feature extraction methods, the t-test and Kappa values show its statistical significance and high consistency as well.
SARS-CoV-2 infections among neonates born to women with SARS-CoV-2 infection: maternal, pregnancy and birth characteristics
Authors: Olsen Emily O’Malley , Roth Nicole M. , Aveni Kathryn , Santos Pauline , Sizemore Lindsey , Halai Umme-Aiman , Nestoridi Eirini , Sowunmi Similoluwa , Barton Jerusha Elana , Mobley Evan , Siebman Samantha , Fussman Chris , Mbotha Deborah , Dzimira Paula , Silcox Kristin M. , Khuwaja Salma , Roscom Danacamile , Lush Mamie , Chicchelly Sarah , Delgado-López Camille , Schlosser Levi , Read Jennifer S. , Ellington Sascha R. , Hall Aron J. , Gilboa Suzanne M. , Tong Van T. , Woodworth Kate R. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Multiple reports have described neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection, including likely in utero transmission and early postnatal infection. Most neonatal infections reported to date have been asymptomatic or mild disease; however, severe cases, including respiratory failure requiring intensive care unit admission, have been described.Objectives: To describe maternal, pregnancy and infant characteristics among neonates born to women with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy by neonatal SARS-CoV-2 testing results.Methods: Using aggregated data from the Surveillance for Emerging Threats to Mothers and Babies Network (SET-NET) from March 29, 2020–August 6, 2021, we identified neonates who were: 1) born to women who were SARS-CoV-2 positive by RT-PCR at any time during their pregnancy, and 2) tested for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR during the birth hospitalization. Results: Among 25,896 neonates of mothers with SARS-CoV-2-infection, 3,381 (13%) underwent PCR testing. One hundred thirty-six neonates (4%) were PCR-positive. Neonates testing positive were born to both symptomatic and asymptomatic women, and 95% were born to women with infection identified ≤ with 14 days of delivery.Conclusions: While perinatal SARS-CoV-2 infection was uncommon among neonates born to women with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, nearly all cases of neonatal infection occurred in pregnant women infected around the time of delivery. These findings underline the need for infection prevention and control measures in delivery and outpatient pediatric settings, as well as counselling for persons who acquire COVID-19 during pregnancy about potential risk to their neonates. Moreover, pregnant people and those wanting to become pregnant should be vaccinated against COVID-19 in order to protect themselves and their infants.
Mining Pareto-Optimal Counterfactual Antecedents With A Branch-And-Bound Model-Agnostic Algorithm
Authors: Raimundo Marcos M. , Nonato Luis Gustavo , Poco Jorge 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Mining counterfactual antecedents became a valuable tool to discover knowledge and explain machine learning models. It consists of generating synthetic samples from an original sample to achieve the desired outcome in a machine learning model thus helping to understand the prediction. An insightful methodology would explore a broader set of counterfactual antecedents to reveal multiple possibilities while operating on any classifier. Thus, we create a tree-based search that requires monotonicity from the objective functions (a.k.a. cost functions); it allows pruning branches that will not improve the objective functions. Since monotonicity is only required for the objective function, this method can be used for any family of classifiers (e.g., linear models, neural networks, decision trees). However, additional classifier properties speed up the tree-search when it foresees branches that will not result in feasible actions. Moreover, the proposed optimization generates a diverse set of Pareto-optimal counterfactual antecedents by relying on multi-objective concepts. The results show an algorithm with working guarantees that enumerates a wide range of counterfactual antecedents. It helps the decision-maker understand the machine learning decision and finds alternatives to achieve the desired outcome. The user can inspect these multiple counterfactual antecedents to find the most suitable one and have a broader understanding of the prediction.
A Quantitative Accuracy Assessment of The Use of A Rigid Robotic Arm In Navigated Placement of 726 Pedicle Screws
Authors: Benech Carlo Alberto , Perez Rosa , Benech Franco , Shirk Torrey , Bucklen Brandon 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Traditional minimally invasive fluoroscopy-based techniques for pedicle screw placement utilize guidance, which may require fluoroscopic shots. Computerized tomography (CT) navigation results in more accurate screw placement. Robotic surgery seeks to establish access and trajectory with greater accuracy. Objective: This study evaluated the screw placement accuracy of a robotic platform.Methods: Demographic data, preoperative/postoperative CT scans, and complication rates of 127 patients who underwent lumbosacral pedicle screw placement with minimally invasive navigated robotic guidance using preoperative CT were analyzed. Results: On the GRS scale, 97.9% (711/726) of screws were graded A or B, 1.7% (12/726) of screws graded C, 0.4% (3/726) of screws graded D, and 0% graded E. Average offset from preoperative plan to final screw placement was 1.9 ± 1.5 mm from tip, 2.2 ± 1.4 mm from tail and 2.9 ± 2.3° of angulation.Conclusions: Robotic-assisted surgery utilizing preoperative CT workflow with intraoperative fluoroscopy-based registration improves pedicle screw placement accuracy within a patient’s pedicles.
Impact on routine psychiatric diagnostic practice from implementing the DSM-5 Cultural Formulation Interview: A pragmatic RCT in Sweden
Authors: Wallin Malin Idar , Galanti Maria Rosaria , Nevonen Lauri , Lewis-Fernández Roberto , Bäärnhielm Sofie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCulture and social context affect the expression and interpretation of symptoms of distress, raising challenges for transcultural psychiatric diagnostics. This increases the risk that mental disorders among migrants and ethnic minorities are undetected, diagnosed late or misdiagnosed. We investigated whether adding a culturally sensitive tool, the DSM-5 core Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI), to routine diagnostic procedures impacts the psychiatric diagnostic process. MethodWe compared the outcome of a diagnostic procedure that included the CFI with routine diagnostic procedures used at Swedish psychiatric clinics. New patients (n=256) admitted to a psychiatric outpatient clinic were randomized to a control (n=122) or CFI-enhanced diagnostic procedure (n=134) group. An intention-to-treat analysis was conducted and the prevalence ratio and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated across arms for depressive and anxiety disorder diagnoses, multiple diagnoses, and delayed diagnosis. ResultsThe prevalence ratio (PR) of a depressive disorder diagnosis across arms was 1.21 (95% CI=0.83-1.75), 33.6% of intervention-arm participants vs. 27.9% of controls. The prevalence ratio was higher among patients whose native language was not Swedish (PR =1.61, 95% CI=0.91-2.86). The prevalence ratio of receiving multiple diagnoses was higher for the CFI group among non-native speaking patients, and lower to a statistically significant degree among native Swedish speakers (PR=.39, 95% CI=0.18-0.82). ConclusionsThe results suggest that the implementation of the DSM-5 CFI in routine psychiatric diagnostic practice may facilitate identification of symptoms of certain psychiatric disorders among non-native speaking patients in a migration context. Trial registrationISRCTN36661, 29/07/2019. The trial was retrospectively registered.
Efficacy and safety of Tibetan medicine Qingpeng ointment for acute gouty arthritis: protocol for a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Shang Ya-xi , Dong Xia , Xie Zhi-min , Li Xiao-peng , Wang Xin-chang , Huang Ji-yong , Wei Shu-feng , Liu Yuan , Liu Jian-ping 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAcute gouty arthritis (AGA) is an inflammatory arthritis clinically characterized by severe pain, swelling, and restricted movement of joints, which may cause physical disability and decrease quality of life. The use of recommended first-line treatment agents for AGA may be limited by adverse events. There has been a traditional use of alternative therapies for AGA. Tibetan medicine Qingpeng ointment is one of the on-market herbal products used for symptom relief of AGA. Previous clinical studies indicated that Qingpeng ointment can relieve pain, swelling, redness and dysfunction of joints in patients with AGA. However, there is no rigorous randomized trial to demonstrate its benefit for AGA. In order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Qingpeng ointment for AGA, we designed a randomized controlled trial. MethodsThis study is designed as a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Two hundred and six adults with acute flare of gout, and visual analogue scale (VAS) score of joint pain ≥ 3 points will be recruited. Participants will be randomly assigned to herbal treatment or placebo group at a ratio of 1:1. Qingpeng ointment, or equal placebo ointment will be applied topically at involved joints twice a day for consecutive seven days. Patients in both groups would be allowed giving diclofenac sodium sustained-release tablets as rescue therapy when VAS score of joint pain ≥ 7 points during the treatment. The primary outcomes will be joint pain measured by VAS score, and joint swelling measured using width and thickness of affected joints and VAS score. Other outcome measures will be joint mobility, joint redness, C-reactive protein, serum uric acid, and the use of rescue medicine as well as adverse effect. DiscussionTo the best of our knowledge, this study is the first multi-center, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial to assess the efficacy of Tibetan medicine Qingpeng ointment for AGA. The findings of this study would provide evidence for its use to relieve symptoms of AGA. Trial registrationISRCTN, ISRCTN34355813. Registered 25 January 2021, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN34355813
Urban-rural and Gender Differential in Depressive Symptoms Among Older Adults in India
Authors: Kumar Shubham , Chauhan Shekhar , Patel Ratna , Kumar Manish 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: To date, evidence remained inconclusive explaining rural-urban and male-female differential in depression. Unlike other previous research on the association of several risk factors with depressive symptoms among the elderly, this study focussed on the socio-economic status-related inequality in the prevalence of depression among the elderly along with focussing urban-rural and male-female gradients of depression among the elderly.Methods: This study used data from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) wave-I, 2017-18, survey. The outcome variable for this study was self-reported depression. Bivariate analysis was used to understand the prevalence by sociodemographic clusters. Fairlie decomposition analysis has been done to measures rural-urban inequalities for depression among older men and women.Results: Results found that around 22 percent of urban elderly and 17 percent of rural elderly reported depression. A higher proportion of female elderly (22.6% vs. 18.4%) reported depression than male elderly. Almost one in every five elderly (20.6%) reported depression in India. The results found that a higher percentage of women in rural and urban areas reported depression than their male counterparts. While examining SES-related inequality in the prevalence of depression, education was a significant factor explaining the SES-related inequality in the prevalence of depression among female elderly and not in male elderly.Conclusion: Given the large proportion of elderly reporting depression, this study highlights the need for improving health care services among the elderly. The increasing burden of depression in specific sub-populations also highlights the importance of understanding the broader consequences of depression among rural and female elderly.
Synthesis of Magnetic Nanocomposite Fe3O4@ZIF-8@ZIF-67 and Removal of Tetracycline in Water
Authors: Song Xu , Mo Jingqian , Fang Yuting , Luo Shumin , Xu Jingjing , Wang Xu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We prepared a double-layer magnetic nanocomposite Fe3O4@ZIF-8@ZIF-67 by layer-by-layer self-assembly. Fe3O4@ZIF-8@ZIF-67 was used to remove tetracycline from aqueous solution via a combination of adsorption and Fenton-like oxidation. Depending on the outstanding porous structure of the Fe3O4@ZIF-8@ZIF-67, a high adsorption capacity for tetracycline was 356.25 mg g− 1, with > 95.47% removal efficiency within 100 min based on Fenton-like oxidation. To better understand the mechanisms involved in integrated adsorption and Fenton-like oxidation, various advanced characterization techniques were used to monitor the changes in morphology and composition of Fe3O4@ZIF-8@ZIF-67 before and after removal of tetracycline. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) all supported adsorption and Fenton oxidation of tetracycline. This study extends the application of Fe3O4@ZIF-8@ZIF-67 for environmental remediation.
Metabolic Syndrome in Childhood Cancer Survivors: Does Delta BMI Predict Risk in Lower-middle-income Countries?
Authors: Agarwal Arushi , Kapoor Gauri , Jain Sandeep , Malhotra Payal , Sharma Anurag 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) is an important late effect of childhood cancer. The combination of rising obesity and high prevalence of under-nutrition at diagnosis, make this a unique population to study in LMIC (lower middle-income countries). Methods Children <18 years of age at cancer diagnosis, in a single-centre in a LMIC, who were disease free and had completed treatment at least 2 years prior to study were included. MetSyn was defined using International Federation for Diabetes criteria for Asian Indians. Logistic regression analyses were carried out to evaluate the influence of various risk factors, including delta BMI (increase in body mass index from diagnosis to evaluation), on MetSyn.Results A high prevalence of MetSyn (12.2%), central obesity (33%), and dyslipidemia (61.8%) was found in a cohort of 500 Asian Indian childhood cancer survivors (CCS) at a median follow-up age of 17 years. Multivariable analysis revealed older age at diagnosis >10 years, OR 2.9(1.6-5), longer survival duration >10 years, OR 2.2(1.3-3.8), high BMI at diagnosis OR 3.2(1.5-6.9) and large delta BMI >50, OR 3.15(1.7-5.9) to be independent predictors of MetSyn. Patients who were under-weight or normal at diagnosis with large Delta BMI > 50 had very high odds (OR, 12.5,1.7-92) of developing MetSyn compared to those with lower Delta BMI. Conclusions and implications for cancer survivors: A high prevalence of MetSyn was observed in CCS with early age at onset. Timely screening and early intervention are proven to be beneficial and delta BMI could be a useful screening tool for LMIC.