bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Portable Noise Time‐Frequency Characteristic Monitoring System for Environmental Assessment of Power Transformer Rooms
Authors: Fan Yadong , Xu Bing , Wang Jianguo , Wu Jinglu , Ding Yang , Cai Li 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPower transformer rooms have been gradually installed in residential buildings due to an increasing demand for power supply and space requirement. However, the noise generated by transformers during operation has become a hot topic of complaints. In order to solve the problem of transformer noise pollution and explore the rules of noise for power transformer rooms, a portable noise monitoring system consisting sensor array and a vibration and noise tester is developed in this paper. The noise characteristics of a power transformer room in Guangzhou city are obtained through field tests, which include the time‐domain characteristics, spectrum characteristics, and A‐weighted sound level characteristics. Results show that the frequency component of noises is stable, but the amplitude varies. The sound pressure of the power transformer room has obvious periodicity and the amplitude is 0.1–0.2 Pa. The dominant noise frequency is fixed at 300 Hz. According to different positions, the A‐weighted sound level is distributed between 55 and 65 dB. The research is not only of great help to formulate transformer noise assessment methods, but also of great significance to improve people's living environment and ensure power system's reliable operation. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
How language proficiency standardized assessments inequitably impact Latinx long‐term English learners
Authors: Siordia Celestina , Kim Kathy MinHye 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLatinx students make up 77.8% of the English learner (EL) population in the United States (Department of Education, 2017). However, there is a subpopulation of Latinx ELs who are: English‐dominant, born in the United States, and identified as long‐term English learner (LTEL). ELs who are not reclassified after 6 or 7 years are categorized as LTEL (Clark‐ Gareca et al., 2019). The focus of this paper is how language proficiency standardized assessments inequitably impact Latinx LTELs. We use Flores and Rosa’s raciolinguistic ideologies (2015) to analyze the inequitable language opportunities Latinx LTELs experience because of standardized tests. A raciolinguistic perspective “shifts the focus from the linguistic practices of the speaker/writer toward the perceiving practices of the listener/reader” (Flores, 2020, p. 24). We argue that standardized assessments serve as both the listener/reader and the institutional mechanism that causes Latinxs to be overrepresented as LTELs and underrepresented in dual‐language (DL) and Seal of Biliteracy programs. We conclude that language proficiency standardized assessments do not reflect the actual language abilities of Latinx LTELs (Brooks, 2018). Instead, we propose the use of EL portfolios to demonstrate proficiency in English (Winke & Zhang, 2019).
To what extent does productive derivational knowledge of adult L1 speakers and L2 learners at two educational levels differ?
Authors: Iwaizumi Emi , Webb Stuart 
Published: November 2021

AbstractResearch has indicated that first language (L1) English speakers acquire derivational knowledge—the ability to understand and produce derived forms of a word— through increased exposure to the language (e.g., Anglin, 1993). Second language (L2) research has shown that L2 English learners tend to have limited productive derivational knowledge in comparison to L1 speakers (Schmitt & Zimmerman, 2002). However, the degree to which productive knowledge of derivatives differs between L1 speakers and L2 learners remains unclear. Moreover, there have yet to be any studies that have compared productive derivational knowledge of L2 learners at different educational levels (undergraduate and graduate students), nor has research examined L1 and L2 production of derivatives according to the frequency levels of the target items. The present study compared the ability of 21 L1 speakers, 18 English as a second language (ESL)–speaking graduate students, and 61 English as a foreign language (EFL) undergraduate students to produce the derivatives of 30 headwords. The results indicated that L1 speakers produced significantly more derivatives than ESL graduate students and EFL undergraduate students, and ESL graduate students outperformed EFL undergraduate students.
Potential of lignocellulosic residues from coconut, fique, and sugar cane as substrates for pleurotus and ganoderma in the development of biomaterials
Authors: Solanilla‐Duque José Fernando , Salazar‐Sánchez Margarita del Rosario , Rodríguez Herrera Raúl 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this work, three lignocellulosic residues, coconut fiber, sugarcane bagasse, and fique bagasse, were used as a carbon source for fungal colonization had been proposed to form a composite material. The lignocellulosic residues presented a high percentage of carbon. The lignocellulosic residues had been conditioned and characterized morphologically. The particle sizes chosen were 16 and 50 sieves. The mycelial growth kinetics of the fungi had been evaluated in the residues, where a higher growth rate was observed in the medium enriched with coconut fiber and lower in those containing bagasse. When studying these intrinsic factors, it was observed that an inadequate carbon‐nitrogen (C/N) ratio affected mycelial growth. This method of obtaining biomaterials is a promising alternative to lignocellulosic substrates as substrates for fungi with delignification capacity.
Patients with resolution of low‐lying placenta and placenta previa remain at increased risk of postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: DeBolt C. A. , Rosenberg H. M. , Pruzan A. , Goldberger C. , Kaplowitz E. , Buckley A. , Vieira L. , Stone J. , Bianco A. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine whether women who experience resolution of low placentation (low‐lying placenta or placenta previa) are at increased risk of postpartum hemorrhage compared to those with normal placentation throughout pregnancy.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of women who delivered at Mount Sinai Hospital between 2015 and 2019, and who were diagnosed with low‐lying placenta or placenta previa on transvaginal ultrasound at the time of the second‐trimester anatomical survey, with resolution of low placentation on subsequent ultrasound examination. Women undergoing second‐trimester anatomical survey who had normal placentation on transvaginal ultrasound 3 days before or after the cases were randomly identified for comparison. The primary outcome was the rate of postpartum hemorrhage. Secondary outcomes included the need for a blood transfusion, use of additional uterotonic medication, the need for additional procedures to control bleeding, and maternal admission to the intensive care unit. Outcomes were assessed using a multivariable logistic regression model.ResultsA total of 1256 women were identified for analysis, of whom 628 had resolved low placentation and 628 had normal placentation. Women with resolved low placentation, compared to those with normal placentation throughout pregnancy, had significantly higher mean age (33.0 ± 5.4 years vs 31.9 ± 5.5 years; P < 0.01) and lower mean body mass index at delivery (27.9 ± 5.5 kg/m2 vs 30.2 ± 5.7 kg/m2; P < 0.01), and were more likely to have undergone in‐vitro fertilization, be of non‐Hispanic white race, have posterior placental location (all P < 0.01) and have private/commercial health insurance (P = 0.04). Patients with resolved low placentation vs normal placentation had greater odds of postpartum hemorrhage (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 3.5 (95% CI, 2.0–6.0); P < 0.01), use of additional uterotonic medication (aOR, 2.2 (95% CI, 1.5–3.1); P < 0.01) and increased rates of additional procedures to control bleeding (aOR, 4.0 (95% CI, 1.3–11.9); P = 0.01).ConclusionDespite high rates of resolution of low‐lying placenta and placenta previa by term, women with resolved low placentation remain at increased risk of postpartum hemorrhage compared to those with normal placentation throughout pregnancy. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Uncovering the ‘messy details’ of veterinary communication: An analysis of communication problems in cases of alleged professional negligence
Authors: Russell Elly , Mossop Liz , Forbes Ellie , Oxtoby Catherine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundCommunication failure is reported as a cause of error in veterinary practice and has been associated with complaints and litigation. Evidence describing the types and nature of communication problems is lacking. This limits our ability to mitigate the risk poor communication poses.MethodsThis study used a mixed methods approach to explore the frequency and types of communication problems present in settled cases of alleged veterinary professional negligence. Thematic analysis was conducted on written documents associated with 100 such cases involving canine patients. Interpretation was informed by human factors thinking and communication theory. Results were triangulated with findings from a focus group with the Veterinary Defence Society claims consultants and with healthcare literature on communication failures.ResultsCommunication problems played a contributory role in 80% of the cases examined. The analysis highlighted features of problematic communication in veterinary practice that are underrepresented in the current literature. These include the prominence of communication problems within veterinary teams, the impact of communication on the safety of care and also the interdependence of communication events with the context, system and environment in which they occur.ConclusionsThese results suggest that communication is a collective competency. Effective communication is something veterinary systems, rather than individuals alone, achieve. There is a need to consider the team and organisational contexts in which communication occurs to ensure individual communication skills can be translated into communication practices that support the delivery of high‐quality, safe veterinary care for the benefits of clinicians, owners and patients.
The significance of bypass transition on the annual energy production of an offshore wind turbine
Authors: Duffy Aidan , Ingram Grant , Hogg Simon 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAwareness of leading‐edge erosion (LEE) on wind turbine blades, and the impacts it can have on annual energy production (AEP) have increased significantly over recent years. This is especially important in offshore environments, where a combination of more extreme weather and higher tip speeds result in higher rates of erosion. In this paper the impact of LEE on AEP has been quantified and the derived method validated. The DTU 10‐MW reference wind turbine (RWT) is used to demonstrate the method. An equivalent sand grain roughness approach in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to simulate clean and roughened aerofoil performance. These CFD results are applied to a blade element momentum (BEM) model of the turbine to generate clean and eroded power curves. Finally, a wind distribution from Anholt offshore wind farm is used to estimate the AEP for the clean and eroded cases. An AEP loss of 0.7% was computed for the specific case considered in this study. This result is benchmarked against those from previously published studies. Most research into LEE has thus far focussed on either estimating the impacts on AEP or mitigating against them, with less emphasis on understanding the physical aerodynamic changes that result in reduced energy output. In this paper, the significance of bypass transition on the AEP loss caused by roughness, specifically as it relates to the operational angles of attack of the blade, is examined and found to impact turbine efficiency in this case for over 56% of the total operating time.
Hall and ion‐slip effects on nanofluid transport from a vertical surface: Buongiorno's model
Authors: Ramesh Reddy P. , Abdul Gaffar Shaik , Anwar Beg O. , Md. Hidayathulla Khan B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe non‐linear, non‐isothermal, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) laminar convection flows of Buongiorno's nanofluid past a vertical surface with Darcy‐Forchheimer model is mathematically investigated in the present article. Keller's Box implicit finite difference technique is utilized to solve the dimensionless conservation equations. Graphical and tabulated results are analyzed to study the behavior of primary and secondary velocity, temperature, nanoparticle volume fraction, shear stress rate, heat transfer rate and mass transfer rate for various emerging thermos‐physical parameters. The Hall current and ion‐slip current effects are also considered. Validations of earlier solutions in the literature is also included. The study finds applications in nanomaterial fabrication processing, biomedical, polymer processing, chemical engineering, crude oil purifying, etc.
Mathematical modeling and numerical solution of cross‐flow of non‐Newtonian fluid: Effects of viscous dissipation and slip boundary conditions
Authors: Hussain Farooq , Saleem S. , Nazeer Mubbashar , Al‐Mubaddel Fahad S. , Ali Aamir , Saleem Adila , Saleem Maira 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe current investigation deals with the numerical simulation of cross‐flow of non‐Newtonian fluid. Flow dynamics are studied by considering a uniform channel bounded by porous walls. Transversely acting magnetic fields have also been taken into account on the two‐dimensional flow of Tangent‐Hyperbolic fluid. Skin friction is addressed by employing the lubrication effects on the porous channel. In addition to this, Fourier's law of conduction is incorporated to highlight the heating effects which attenuates the shear thickening posture of the fluid. Highly nonlinear and coupled differential equations are solved numerically by using the Runge‐Kutta method with shooting technique. Thermal and momentum transport is simulated by generating the numerical MATLAB codes. Study reveals that slippery porous walls/channels can effectively be used in chemical and mechanical industries which deal with various kinds of highly viscous flows. Moreover, more energy is contributed by Peclet number and viscous heating parameter and improve the heat transfer rate.
Governance Drivers and Barriers for Business Model Transformation in the Energy Sector
Authors: Bürer Mary Jean , de Lapparent Matthieu , Capezzali Massimiliano , Carpita Mauro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSmart second-generation policies for energy transition governance have been less studied and reviewed in the literature. They are also difficult to compare or measure in terms of their effectiveness with regard to the energy transition, not only because each country’s objectives and underlying drivers for an energy transition are different. Technological innovation and new technology deployment are only the tip of the iceberg. Understanding how to redesign energy governance to allow for business model reconfiguration among incumbents and how to stimulate business model innovation by start-ups and new entrants is key for an effective and sustainable energy transition in the long term. However, beyond this, countries must address the underlying driving forces such as consumption patterns and the financial system. Therefore, business model transformation is not the only solution, but it is an important one and it requires well-designed policies. It also requires the involvement of all stakeholders at all levels of the economic fabric of each region and country. At the same time, we continue to measure progress on energy transitions in a superficial and extremely limited way. Policies must now be smarter, not just more ambitious in terms of appearances, and the measurement of energy transition progress must evolve as well. We discuss the full story of an energy transition to the extent possible in a single chapter. For example, we will review business models in different sub-sectors, policies that either block or promote such changes in each sub-sector chosen, and the elements that are necessary for energy transitions to become successful and sustainable without long-term government intervention and financial support. Finally, we also provide insights from an expert workshop held in 2019 and we outline our upcoming work on an Energy Transition Preparedness Index.
The Influence of Policy Risk on Swiss Wind Power Investment
Authors: Broughel Anna , Wüstenhagen Rolf 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWind energy is one of the most affordable and fastest-growing sources of electricity worldwide. As a large share of wind power generation occurs in the winter season, it could make an important contribution to seasonal diversification of domestic electricity supply. However, the development of wind energy projects in Switzerland has been characterized by long and complex administrative processes, with the planning phase taking up to a decade, more than twice as long as the European average. The objective of this chapter is to quantify the risk premium that lengthy permitting processes imply for wind energy investors in Switzerland and to suggest ways to reduce policy risk. The data have been gathered through 22 confidential interviews with project developers and several cantonal permitting agencies as well as a review of federal and cantonal regulatory documents. Furthermore, a discounted cash flow model was built to compare the profitability indicators (IRR, NPV) and the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of a reference case to scenarios with various risks—for example, delays in the permitting process, downsizing the project, or changes in the regulatory environment such as phasing out feed-in tariffs. The model shows that the highest profitability risks are related to the availability of a feed-in tariff, but other changes in the permitting process can also have a critical impact on the project’s bottom line. The findings illustrate a significant policy risk premium in the pre-construction stage faced by wind energy project developers in Switzerland.
A Survey of Stakeholders’ Views and Practices
Authors: Duygan Mert , Kachi Aya , Oeri Fintan , Oliveira Thiago D. , Rinscheid Adrian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlong with policy proposers and individual voters, key stakeholders play a crucial role in shaping the socio-political acceptance of energy policy. Understanding a broad landscape of energy stakeholders’ views and practices thus should be a central theme in energy transition research. The Energy Strategy 2050 (ES2050), a sweeping energy transition policy package in Switzerland, was adopted in 2017. Concrete policy goals implied by ES2050 are yet to be implemented. Although there is a large body of social acceptance studies focusing on individual voters, we have a relatively scant empirical understanding of how stakeholders in this domain perceive the policy goals and how perceptions are linked to their organizational characteristics. To elucidate Swiss energy stakeholders’ perceptions on key action targets implied by recent energy policies in Switzerland, we analyzed data from our original survey with 364 organizations. We examined their views on concrete policy goals related to electric mobility, deep geothermal energy, wind energy, hydropower, and planned phase-outs of renewable energy subsidies. When asked to rate how realistic these goals appear to them, the majority of the stakeholders responded negatively. Furthermore, our findings indicate that, despite the considerable diversity and the overall pessimism in their feasibility perceptions, those that consider goals to be realistic are more likely to be active in the media. This is a concerning finding as the public might receive a biased impression via the media about the level of consensus among the stakeholders, who could, at times, be seen by the public as experts on the topic.
The Quest for the Future Energy Mix in the EU and in Switzerland
Authors: Heselhaus Sebastian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSwitzerland and the European Union (EU) face similar challenges when it comes to the decarbonisation and securing of energy supply. Both lack sufficient domestic energy resources, apart from nuclear energy. But nuclear energy has become controversial after the nuclear meltdown accident at Fukushima, Japan, in 2011. Without reconsidering nuclear energy as a future energy resource, the cooperation in the energy market between the EU and Switzerland becomes even more vital for securing energy supply. While in the past, Switzerland has fulfilled an important function in securing energy supply in neighbouring EU Member States, lately, the EU has provided for its own governance for emergency situations. However, Switzerland will maintain its function as an interface in the electricity sector. This is even more true, since the new focus on renewable energies fosters the demand for flexible cross-boundary solutions. An electricity agreement between Switzerland and the EU might provide a stable legal framework for these developments. The price to pay for Switzerland will be a further opening of the market, offering the private consumer a choice of energy providers. The good news for Swiss strategies for promoting renewable energies is that EU Member States are still allowed to take a flexible approach towards national promotion measures, especially in designing them to their territory. Therefore, the cooperation between Switzerland and the EU offers some advantages in terms of flexibility in the quest for security of supply while fighting climate change.
The Role of Switzerland in European Electricity Governance
Authors: Hofmann Benjamin , Kolcava David , Thaler Philipp 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis chapter explores the political influence of Switzerland as a non-EU country in European electricity governance. We argue that the influence of non-EU countries depends on their access to European governance institutions and their structural power resources. We further posit that the type of structural power resources circumscribes the specific areas of influence. The empirical analysis assesses these variables qualitatively based on interview and other primary data. First, it shows that Switzerland has relatively high access to important European governance bodies. Second, it reveals that Switzerland possesses structural power in serving as a European transit hub for electricity and an important source of technical expertise. Third, it confirms our theoretical expectation that Switzerland acts as a shaper in European electricity governance. Swiss influence is especially seen in matters related to grid management and cross-border electricity trade. Limitations to Swiss influence are often rooted in the legal principles of the EU internal market. Our findings qualify claims about a marginalization of Switzerland in European electricity governance. At the same time, we highlight uncertainties resulting from the present lack of an electricity agreement between Switzerland and the EU. Our chapter recommends Swiss policy-makers to strive for viable forms of energy cooperation with the EU and to strengthen the transit function and technical expertise of the country.