bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurses and Midwives as Global Partners to Achieve the Sustainable Development Goals in the Anthropocene
Authors: Rosa William E. , Catton Howard , Davidson Patricia M. , Hannaway Catherine J. , Iro Elizabeth , Klopper Hester C. , Madigan Elizabeth A. , McConville Frances E. , Stilwell Barbara , Kurth Ann E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeTo highlight ongoing and emergent roles of nurses and midwives in advancing the United Nations 17 Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 at the intersection of social and economic inequity, the climate crisis, interprofessional partnership building, and the rising status and visibility of the professions worldwide.DesignDiscussion paper.MethodsLiterature review.FindingsRealizing the Sustainable Development Goals will require all nurses and midwives to leverage their roles and responsibility as advocates, leaders, clinicians, scholars, and full partners with multidisciplinary actors and sectors across health systems.ConclusionsMaking measurable progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals is critical to human survival, as well as the survival of the planet. Nurses and midwives play an integral part of this agenda at local and global levels.Clinical RelevanceNurses and midwives can integrate the targets of the Sustainable Development Goals into their everyday clinical work in various contexts and settings. With increased attention to social justice, environmental health, and partnership building, they can achieve exemplary clinical outcomes directly while contributing to the United Nations 2030 Agenda on a global scale and raising the profile of their professions.
Asymptomatic carriage of canine infectious respiratory disease complex pathogens among healthy dogs
Authors: Okonkowski L. K. , Szlosek D. , Ottney J. , Coyne M. , Carey S. A. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of canine infectious respiratory disease pathogens among asymptomatic client‐owned dogs, and to compare the risks of asymptomatic pathogen carriage between client‐owned dogs and dogs in an animal shelter.Materials and MethodsPooled tonsillar, conjunctival and nasal cavity swabs from asymptomatic client‐owned dogs (n=133) were tested using a real‐time polymerase chain reaction canine respiratory panel. Identical samples from asymptomatic dogs in an animal shelter (n=295) were similarly tested for selected pathogens. Risk differences were calculated between client‐owned dogs and shelter dogs for each of the respiratory pathogens included in the analyses.ResultsA total of 15 of 133 (11.3%) asymptomatic client‐owned dogs were positive for at least one pathogen in the complex. Seven dogs (6.1%) were positive for M. cynos, six (5.2%) were positive for B. bronchiseptica, two (1.7%) were positive for canine herpesvirus type 1 and two (1.7%) were positive for canine respiratory coronavirus. For all eight pathogens tested in both groups, the proportion of positive cases was higher among shelter dogs than among client‐owned dogs. Shelter dogs had a higher risk for M. cynos (0.18, 95% confidence interval: 0.12 to 0.25), canine respiratory coronavirus (0.15, 95% confidence interval: 0.10 to 0.19), canine distemper virus (0.06, 95% confidence interval: 0.03 to 0.09), and canine pneumovirus (0.05, 95% confidence interval: 0.03 to 0.08) than client‐owned dogs. Odds ratios for M. cynos (0.31, 95% confidence interval: 0.08 to 0.92) and canine respiratory coronavirus (0.05, 95% confidence interval: 0.01 to 0.18) were significantly different between client‐owned and shelter dogs.In all cases except for canine herpesvirus type 1, dogs within the shelter population were observed to be at higher risk of exhibiting asymptomatic carriage of a respiratory pathogen as compared to client‐owned dogs. The strength of this association was strongest for M. cynos and canine respiratory coronavirus.Clinical SignificanceThe risk of canine infectious respiratory disease pathogen exposure posed by asymptomatic client‐owned dogs is poorly defined. This study also corroborates previous reports of high canine infectious respiratory disease prevalence among clinically healthy shelter dogs, and further determined that the overall prevalence of canine infectious respiratory disease pathogen carriage among clinically healthy client‐owned dogs is low but is highest for the traditional pathogen B. bronchiseptica and the emerging pathogen M. cynos.
Using MR elastography to assess portal hypertension and response to beta‐blockers in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Danielsen Karen Vagner , Hove Jens Dahlgaard , Nabilou Puria , Yin Meng , Chen Jun , Zhao Mirabella , Kallemose Thomas , Teisner Ane Søgaard , Siebner Hartwig Roman , Ehman Richard L. , Møller Søren , Bendtsen Flemming 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundMR elastography can determine organ‐related stiffness, which reflects the degree of fibrosis. Liver stiffness increases in cirrhosis, and stiffness increases further post‐prandially due to increased portal blood in‐flow. Non‐selective beta‐blockers (NSBB) reduce the portal venous inflow, but their effect on liver and spleen stiffness are disputed.AimsTo assess whether MR elastography of the liver or spleen reflects the severity of cirrhosis, whether treatment with NSBB changes liver and spleen stiffness and whether changes in stiffness can predict the effect of NSBB on portal pressure.MethodsFifty‐two patients with cirrhosis underwent liver vein catheterization and two‐dimensional (2D) MR elastography on separate days. Thirty‐six of the patients had a hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) of ≥12 mmHg and were tested prior to, and after, intravenous infusion of NSBB using HVPG measurement and MR elastography.ResultsHVPG showed a strong, positive, linear relationship with liver stiffness (r2 = 0.92; P < .001) and spleen stiffness (r2 = 0.94; P < .001). The cut‐off points for identifying patients with a HVPG ≥ 12 mmHg were 7.7 kPa for liver stiffness (sensitivity 0.78, specificity 0.64) and 10.5 kPa for spleen stiffness (sensitivity 0.8, specificity 0.79).Intravenous administration of NSBB significantly decreased spleen stiffness by 6.9% (CI: 3.5‐10.4, P < .001), but NSBB had no consistent effect on liver stiffness. However, changes in spleen stiffness were not related to the HVPG response (P = .75).ConclusionsTwo‐dimensional MR elastographic estimation of liver or spleen stiffness reflects the degree of portal hypertension in patients with liver cirrhosis, but changes in stiffness after NSBB do not predict the effect on HVPG.
Lower urinary tract symptoms among male medical students and its relationship with khat chewing habit: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Babakri Mohammed M. , Al‐Sakkaf Khaled , Basaleem Huda 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of the khat chewing habit among male medical students and its relationship with urinary tract symptoms.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study on male medical students at the University of Aden, Yemen, during the period 3 to 14 April 2016. The study tool was a self‐administered predesigned questionnaire containing selected personal background information, habits of chewing khat, and the standard Arabic version of the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS).ResultsA total of 220 students completed the questionnaire; 46% of them reported using khat regularly. Fifty‐four (53.5%) students who chewed khat used it on a daily basis, and the vast majority of them (76%) spent more than 4 hours in a typical khat session. The main ± SD (median) IPSS of students who reported using khat was 10.48 ± 8.39 (10) compared with students who did not chew khat 2.89 ± 3.41 (2). The majority (90%) of the non‐khat chewing students had a mild degree of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and none of them reported a severe degree, while 39.6%, 46.5%, and 13.9% of the khat chewing students reported mild‐, moderate‐, and severe‐degree LUTS, respectively. There was a significant difference between khat chewing and non‐khat chewing students in all LUTS (domains of IPPS symptoms), except the nocturia symptom.ConclusionThe khat chewing habit is prevalent among male medical students, and it is strongly correlated with LUTS as measured by IPPS.
Testing cophylogeny between coral reef invertebrates and their bacterial and archaeal symbionts
Authors: O’Brien Paul A. , Andreakis Nikos , Tan Shangjin , Miller David J. , Webster Nicole S. , Zhang Guojie , Bourne David G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMarine invertebrates harbour a complex suite of bacterial and archaeal symbionts, a subset of which are probably linked to host health and homeostasis. Within a complex microbiome it can be difficult to tease apart beneficial or parasitic symbionts from nonessential commensal or transient microorganisms; however, one approach is to detect strong cophylogenetic patterns between microbial lineages and their respective hosts. We employed the Procrustean approach to cophylogeny (PACo) on 16S rRNA gene derived microbial community profiles paired with COI, 18S rRNA and ITS1 host phylogenies. Second, we undertook a network analysis to identify groups of microbes that were co‐occurring within our host species. Across 12 coral, 10 octocoral and five sponge species, each host group and their core microbiota (50% prevalence within host species replicates) had a significant fit to the cophylogenetic model. Independent assessment of each microbial genus and family found that bacteria and archaea affiliated to Endozoicomonadaceae, Spirochaetaceae and Nitrosopumilaceae have the strongest cophylogenetic signals. Further, local Moran's I measure of spatial autocorrelation identified 14 ASVs, including Endozoicomonadaceae and Spirochaetaceae, whose distributions were significantly clustered by host phylogeny. Four co‐occurring subnetworks were identified, each of which was dominant in a different host group. Endozoicomonadaceae and Spirochaetaceae ASVs were abundant among the subnetworks, particularly one subnetwork that was exclusively comprised of these two bacterial families and dominated the octocoral microbiota. Our results disentangle key microbial interactions that occur within complex microbiomes and reveal long‐standing, essential microbial symbioses in coral reef invertebrates.
Functional gastrointestinal and somatoform symptoms five months after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A controlled cohort study
Authors: Noviello Daniele , Costantino Andrea , Muscatello Antonio , Bandera Alessandra , Consonni Dario , Vecchi Maurizio , Basilisco Guido 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundGastrointestinal infections represent a risk factor for functional gastrointestinal and somatoform extraintestinal disorders. We investigated the prevalence and relative risk (RR) of gastrointestinal and somatoform symptoms 5 months after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection compared with a control cohort.MethodsOne hundred and sixty‐four SARS‐CoV‐2 infected patients and 183 controls responded to an online questionnaire about symptoms and signs during the acute phase of the infection and after 4.8 ± 0.3 months. Presence and severity of gastrointestinal symptoms, somatization, anxiety, and depression were recorded with standardized questionnaires. Stool form and presence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) were also recorded. Any association between exposure to infection and symptoms was evaluated by calculating crude and adjusted RR values and score differences with 95% confidence intervals (CI).Key ResultsFever, dyspnea, loss of smell/taste/weight, diarrhea, myalgia, arthralgia, and asthenia were reported by more than 40% of patients during the acute phase. Compared with controls, adjusted RRs for loose stools, chronic fatigue, and somatization were increased after infection: 1.88 (95% CI 0.99–3.54), 2.24 (95% CI 1.48–3.37), and 3.62 (95% CI 1.01–6.23), respectively. Gastrointestinal sequelae were greater in patients with diarrhea during the acute phase.Conclusions & InferencesMild gastroenterological symptoms persist 5 months after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, in particular in patients reporting diarrhea in the acute phase. Infected patients are at increased risk of chronic fatigue and somatoform disorders, thus supporting the hypothesis that both functional gastrointestinal and somatoform disorders may have a common biological origin.
Linoleic acid and squalene are oxidized by discrete oxidation mechanisms in human sebum
Authors: Ishikawa Ayano , Ito Junya , Shimizu Naoki , Kato Shunji , Kobayashi Eri , Ohnari Hiroki , Sakata Osamu , Naru Eiji , Nakagawa Kiyotaka 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrevious studies suggest that squalene (SQ) in sebum is oxidized by a photooxidation mechanism (i.e., singlet oxygen oxidation) to create SQ hydroperoxide (SQOOH), a compound that causes adverse skin conditions. However, oxidation of other lipids in sebum, such as linoleic acid (LA), has not been fully understood. Elucidating their oxidation, especially its mechanisms, may lead to a further understanding of the relationship between sebum oxidation and skin conditions. In this study, using HPLC–MS/MS, we aimed to detect LA hydroperoxide (LAOOH) directly from sebum and identify the oxidation mechanism of LA in sebum through analysis of LAOOH isomers. We developed extraction and HPLC–MS/MS analysis conditions that can sufficiently quantify each LAOOH isomer in sebum. Using this method, LAOOH was detected in samples from healthy individuals, demonstrating the presence of LAOOH in human sebum. Moreover, isomer analysis of LAOOH and SQOOH indicated that LA and SQ are oxidized in sebum by discrete oxidation mechanisms (LA oxidized by free radical oxidation, whereas SQ oxidized by singlet oxygen oxidation). Such results may further lead to the development of mechanism‐specific ways to prevent oxidation of sebum via a selection of appropriate antioxidants, ultimately leading to the promotion of skin health.
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the 2020 pediatric anesthesiology fellowship application cycle: A survey of applicants
Authors: DiGiusto Matthew , Lupa Maria Concetta , Corridore Marco , Sivak Erica L. , Lockman Justin L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic created a situation with an urgent need to produce a virtual system for the 2019–2020 pediatric anesthesiology fellowship cycle. With fellowship interviews beginning in April 2020, there was minimal time to adapt. Each program rapidly developed its own platform, expectations, materials, and process for interviews, and applicants were exposed to a wide array of variability in the process—all while under the stress of interviewing for fellowship positions.AimsThe aim of this survey‐based study was to obtain input from applicants to help guide program decisions about “best practice” for the future for both pediatric anesthesiology and other graduate medical education matches.MethodsA 28‐question survey was developed utilizing Qualtrics. An anonymous link was sent to all pediatric anesthesiology program directors for distribution of the survey link to all recently matched applicants. Incoming fellows who were accepted outside of the match process were also invited to respond.ResultsFifty respondents completed the survey, for a response rate of 30% based on the 167 matched fellowship positions nationwide (50/167). A majority of the respondents reported they felt virtual interviews allowed them to learn the following things equally as well compared with a traditional interview about fellowship programs: salary and benefits, available academic opportunities, available clinical opportunities, clinical schedule of the fellowship, mentorship opportunities, clinical experience and training of the fellowship, and expected work‐life balance during fellowship. Respondents report that the most important factors in making their rank list were perceived goodness of fit, desired geographic location, and perception of program leadership. Additionally, respondents ranked the types of information and interactions that they found most helpful to make decisions. All respondents reported the benefit of cost savings compared to a traditional application cycle, with the most commonly reported estimated savings being $3,000–$5,000 per respondent.ConclusionsThese results allow recommendations for “best practices” for virtual interviews to include programs providing an electronic packet of information prior to the interview day, providing dedicated time for applicants to interact with current fellows, providing applicants an understanding of the city/region of the location of the program, and offering a completely optional postinterview visit, when possible. Based on the results of this survey, we recommend that programs continue to offer virtual interviews as a penalty‐free option for applicants, even when in‐person interviews may be feasible.
Float like a Butterfly, Sting like One Too
Authors: Ross Adam D. J. , Bombardier Nathan , Schuessler Donald C. , Morley Keith 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRash after contact with butterflies has not been previously reported in the medical literature to our knowledge. We describe potentially the first suspected case of a cutaneous reaction to the Compton tortoiseshell butterfly (Nymphalis vaualbum) in a young boy who developed urticaria after the modified hairs of the butterfly embedded within his finger. His urticaria improved through treatment with oral and topical steroids as well as systemic antihistamines. This case report expands the variety of insect species that may cause human disease and should raise awareness for this possible reaction.
Plasma trial: Pilot randomized clinical trial to determine safety and efficacy of plasma transfusions
Authors: Carson Jeffrey L. , Ness Paul M. , Pagano Monica B. , Philipp Claire S. , Bracey Arthur W. , Brooks Maria Mori , Nosher John L. , Hogshire Lauren , Noveck Helaine , Triulzi Darrell J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPlasma is frequently administered to patients with prolonged INR prior to invasive procedures. However, there is limited evidence evaluating efficacy and safety.Study Design and MethodsWe performed a pilot trial in hospitalized patients with INR between 1.5 and 2.5 undergoing procedures conducted outside the operating room. We excluded patients undergoing procedures proximal to the central nervous system, platelet counts <40,000/μl, or congenital or acquired coagulation disorders unresponsive to plasma. We randomly allocated patients stratified by hospital and history of cirrhosis to receive plasma transfusion (10–15 cc/kg) or no transfusion. The primary outcome was change in hemoglobin concentration within 2 days of procedure.ResultsWe enrolled 57 patients, mean age 56.0, 34 (59.6%) with cirrhosis, and mean INR 1.92 (SD = 0.27). In the intention to treat analysis, there were 10 of 27 (38.5%) participants in the plasma arm with a post procedure INR <1.5 and one of 30 (3.6%) in the no treatment arm (p < .01). The mean INR after receiving plasma transfusion was −0.24 (SD 0.26) lower than baseline. The change from pre‐procedure hemoglobin level to lowest level within 2 days was −0.6 (SD = 1.0) in the plasma transfusion arm and −0.4 (SD = 0.6) in the no transfusion arm (p = .29). Adverse outcomes were uncommon.DiscussionWe found no differences in change in hemoglobin concentration in those treated with plasma compared to no treatment. The change in INR was small and corrected to less than 1.5 in minority of patients. Large trials are required to establish if plasma is safe and efficacious.
Structural Changes in Silica Glass under the Action of Electron Beam Irradiation: The Effect of Irradiation Dose
Authors: Sidorov A. I. , Kirpichenko D. A. , Yurina U. V. , Podsvirov O. A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Structural changes in silica glass, produced by electron irradiation, with electrons energies of 50 keV and doses of 5–80 mC/cm2 were studied by Raman spectroscopy in frequency ranges of 300–550 and of 700–1500 cm–1. It is shown that for irradiation doses less than 5 mC/cm2 the decrease of siloxane rings concentration in glass takes place. The further increase of dose results in the increase of siloxane rings concentration in glass network after irrsdiation. And for doses of more than 40 mC/cm2 the whole destruction of glass structure and its structural units takes place. The obtained results for silica glass were compared with similar results for crystalline quartz.
Lower volume throughout the taper and higher intensity in the last interval session prior to a 1500 m time trial improves performance
Authors: Spilsbury Kate L. , Fudge Barry W. , Nimmo Myra A. , Faulkner Steve H. 
Published: June 2021

Eight highly trained middle-distance runners (1500 m personal best 4:01.4 ± 0:09.2 min) completed two 7-day tapers, separated by at least 3 weeks of regular training: (i) prescribed using prediction models from elite middle-distance runners, where continuous running volume was reduced by 30% and interval intensity was equal to 1500 m race pace (RP); and (ii) continuous running volume was reduced by 60% and intensity of the final interval session was completed at 110% of 1500 m race pace (HI). Performance was assessed using 1500 m time trials on an indoor 200 m track 1 day before, and 1 day after each taper. Performance time was improved after HI by 5.2 ± 3.7 s (mean ± 90% confidence limits, p = 0.03) and by 3.2 ± 3.8 s after RP (p = 0.15). The first and second 300 m segments of the 1500 m time trial were faster post-taper in RP (p = 0.012 and p = 0.017, respectively) and HI (both p = 0.012). Running faster than race pace late in a low-volume taper is recommended to improve 1500 m track performance. A positive pacing strategy is adopted after tapering, although care should be taken to avoid an over-fast start. Novelty: A large reduction in volume during tapering and an increase in final interval session intensity improves running performance. Athletes adopt a negative pacing strategy before tapering and a positive-pacing strategy after tapering.
Poisson–Lie transformations and generalized supergravity equations
Authors: Hlavatý Ladislav , Petr Ivo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper we investigate Poisson–Lie transformation of dilaton and vector field $${\mathcal {J}}$$
J
appearing in generalized supergravity equations. While the formulas appearing in literature work well for isometric sigma models, we present examples for which generalized supergravity equations are not preserved. Therefore, we suggest modification of these formulas.