bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Lateness: The Ethics of Running Behind Schedule in General Practice
Authors: Armitage Richard C. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionGPs, at least in the United Kingdom, often run behind schedule in their clinics. This lateness is an inherently ethical problem due to the negative consequences it generates.MethodsThe paper outlines these negative consequences, attempts to classify the major reasons for such lateness, explores the ethical status of each of these reasons, and offers suggestions for how the negative consequences might be managed.Findings and DiscussionThe major reasons for lateness can be classified as GP‐related, patient‐related, and third party‐related. The major negative consequences of lateness in general practice might be classified as the potential disturbance to quality and safe care, the dissatisfaction of and inconvenience to subsequent patients, and the disruption of timely care. These negative consequences must be burdened by some party—either the patient who is related to the reason for the lateness, or other patients who are not. While a strict equality approach to managing such lateness does not consider patients’ clinical needs, GPs compensating by actively ‘catching up’ in their clinics threatens quality and safety of care. The paper argues for minimising the negative consequences of lateness for all parties, while simultaneously promoting equity with regard to patients’ clinical needs. The ethical status of each major reason for lateness in general practice is explored, and suggestions are offered for how each might be managed to minimise the negative consequences and promote equity.
Two‐Year Clinical Evaluation of Enamel Wear Antagonistic to Polished and Glazed Monolithic Zirconia Endocrowns
Authors: Badawy Hayam , Abo El‐Farag Shaimaa , Attia Ahmed 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess the effect of chairside adjustment and polishing on the clinical performance of zirconia endocrowns and digitally calculate the opposing enamel wear.Materials and MethodsA total of 20 participants received zirconia endocrowns on their endodontically treated lower first molars. All endocrowns were fabricated using CAD/CAM technology. According to the occlusal adjustments needed for the restorations, patients were divided into two groups: Group ZG with 10 glazed monolithic zirconia endocrowns and Group ZP with 10 adjusted and polished zirconia endocrowns. Bonded endocrowns were evaluated clinically and radiographically for 24 months following modified FDI criteria. Wear of the antagonistic enamel was calculated at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months using an intraoral scanner and Geomagic software.ResultsThe overall survival rate of the 20 endocrowns was 100%, according to the Kaplan–Meier survival method. None of the endocrowns were replaced during the follow‐up. After 2 years, polished zirconia caused enamel wear (0.422 ± 0.130 mm3), while glazed zirconia caused enamel wear (0.491 ± 0.105 mm3), with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.108).ConclusionBoth glazed and polished monolithic zirconia endocrowns showed comparable enamel wear after a 2‐year clinical follow‐up, with no significant difference.Clinical SignificanceGlazing or intra‐oral polishing could be applied to monolithic zirconia endocrowns with minimal antagonist enamel wear.
Simmering Tensions and Emerging Conflicts Among Key Group Actors Amid Capitalist Transformation in Northern Ghana
Authors: Wahab Ibrahim , Yaro Joseph A. , Afful‐Mensah Gloria , Awen‐Naam Michael B. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTA capitalist agrarian transformation is unfolding in northern Ghana, marked by shifts in crop types, rapid increases in farm sizes and deepening rural social differentiation. This paper investigates these dynamics through a mixed‐methods approach across six farming communities in two districts, focusing on how social differentiation, accumulation, dispossession and exploitation reshape the region. Urban male capitalists, in collusion with local chiefs, drive mutual enrichment, while women and landless youth are disproportionately disadvantaged. Their land rights are increasingly eroded as powerful elites and traditional ruling families appropriate and accumulate capital at their expense. This transformation, rooted in patriarchal structures, is fuelling tensions and pockets of resistance among affected groups. The paper highlights how powerful individuals and groups can thwart often well‐intentioned state‐led agriculture modernization initiatives for their parochial interests. It shows how predominantly urban‐based elites and power brokers frequently hijack the state's effort to reform the rural sector in the context of neoliberal capitalist economies in the Global South. It offers broader insights into social differentiation and the tensions that arise between and among the various competing group interests. Finally, it raises questions of justice across generations and gender which have broader implications for the political economy of agrarian change and structural transformation in rural northern Ghana. The implications extend beyond social cohesion, with potential impacts on biodiversity loss and climate change.
Commentary on “Complications of Collagen Biostimulators in Brazil: Description of Products, Treatments, and Evolution of 55 Cases”
Authors: Magacho‐Vieira Fabiano Nadson 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundA recent study highlighted variability in complication rates among polylactic acid (PLA)‐based collagen stimulator fillers, with notably high rate of complications linked to PLLA‐Elleva. The study suggested that product‐specific characteristics might have greater impact on outcomes than injection techniques.Methods/ResultsThrough a critical analysis of pertinent literature, this commentary explores how PLLA‐Elleva's unique physicochemical properties, particularly its bimodal degradation process, may contribute to the increased nodule formation observed.ConclusionAlthough PLLA‐Elleva's degradation pattern does not inherently compromise safety, it introduces variability that requires careful attention to dosage, injection technique, and patient selection.
Framing Effect in Sugar‐Free Labels: Evidence From Laboratory Experiments and Eye‐Tracking Techniques
Authors: Zou Huan , Wang Hong , Li Jing , Hua Haiyan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTFraming elements frequently appear in food labels, but research papers have paid too much attention to the framing effect of food brand logo, and the interaction between framing elements and food labels has not been explored by academics. Therefore, this paper focuses on sugar‐free labels and demonstrates the framing effect of sugar‐free labels through a laboratory study and an eye‐tracking study. The results show that consumers have higher taste perceptions of sugar‐free foods that do not have a framing element in the sugar‐free label, and that this effect is driven by the psychological mechanism of association of indulgence and is limited to hedonic foods. Finally, eye‐tracking experimental data from participants who were native English speakers further validated this effect. These findings suggest that visual cues in the packaging of sugar‐free foods may contribute to consumers' taste perception of such foods, and that the framing elements of sugar‐free labels are one of them.
Melatonin Affects Peucedanum praeruptorum Vegetative Growth and Coumarin Synthesis by Modulating the Antioxidant System, Photosynthesis, and Endogenous Hormones
Authors: Wan Xiaoting , Zhang Yingyu , Wang Guoyu , Liao Ranran , Pan Haoyu , Chen Cunwu , Han Bangxing , Deng Hui , Song Cheng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe dried root of Peucedanum praeruptorum is often used medicinally and has high pyran‐ and furanocoumarin content. Although exogenous melatonin (MT) impacts the regulation of plant growth, stress responses, secondary metabolism, etc., it remains unclear whether MT regulates the vegetative growth and development of P. praeruptorum. Thus, the aim of the current study is to characterize the effects of different exogenous MT concentrations on the physiological functions, photosynthesis, antioxidant systems, hormone induction, and coumarin synthesis of P. praeruptorum. Different MT concentrations exert distinct regulatory effects on P. praeruptorum growth and the expression of genes related to coumarin synthesis. Treatment of P. praeruptorum with low concentrations of MT increases photosynthesis and leaf growth compared to the control, while high concentrations reduce root vitality and elongation and decrease the expression of photosynthetic system genes. Low concentrations of MT also significantly increase antioxidant enzyme activity and photosynthetic pigment content and modulate the levels of IAA, gibberellic acid, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, and endogenous MT. Moreover, MT increases the activity of the MT synthesis enzymes tryptophan decarboxylase, tryptophan hydroxylase, tryptamine‐5‐hydroxylase, serotonin N‐acetyltransferase, acetylserotonin O‐methyltransferase, and caffeic acid O‐methyltransferase, and promotes the accumulation of isoscopoletin, scopoletin, peucedanocoumarin II, praeruptorin A, praeruptorin B, and praeruptorin E. MT also upregulates most genes associated with coumarin synthesis, including PAL1, C4H, 4CL‐3, C3H‐1, F6H‐1, CCoAMT, OMT‐1, CYP71AJ1, CYP84A1‐1, S8H‐1, PT‐1, and COSY‐1. These findings demonstrate that MT may improve P. praeruptorum growth and development while promoting the synthesis of coumarin components.
Melatonin Inhibits Endometriosis Growth via Specific Binding and Inhibition of EGFR Phosphorylation
Authors: Li Yiran , Hung Sze‐Wan , Zheng Xu , Ding Yang , Zhang Tao , Tan Zhouyurong , Zhang Ruizhe , Lin Yuezhen , Song Yi , Wang Yao , Wang Chi‐Chiu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAs a chronic gynecological disease, endometriosis is defined as the implantation of endometrial glands as well as stroma outside the uterine cavity. Proliferation is a major pathophysiology in endometriosis. Previous studies demonstrated a hormone named melatonin, which is mainly produced by the pineal gland, exerts a therapeutic impact on endometriosis. Despite that, the direct binding targets and underlying molecular mechanism have remained unknown. Our study revealed that melatonin treatment might be effective in inhibiting the growth of lesions in endometriotic mouse model as well as in human endometriotic cell lines. Additionally, the drug–disease protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was built, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was identified as a new binding target of melatonin treatment in endometriosis. Computational simulation together with BioLayer interferometry was further applied to confirm the binding affinity. Our result also showed melatonin inhibited the phosphorylation level of EGFR not only in endometriotic cell lines but also in mouse models. Furthermore, melatonin inhibited the phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate 3‐kinase (PI3K)—protein kinase B (Akt) pathway and arrested the cell cycle via inhibiting CyclinD1 (CCND1). In vitro and in vivo knockdown/restore assays further demonstrated the involvement of the binding target and signaling pathway that we found. Thus, melatonin can be applied as a novel therapy for the management of endometriosis.
The Effect of Emotion Regulation Training on Nurses: A Quasi‐Experimental Study
Authors: Erkayiran Orkun , Demirkiran Fatma 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the impact of emotion regulation training on nurses, which is crucial for enhancing their emotional well‐being and job performance. We implemented a psychoeducation program to help nurses effectively manage emotional distress and examined how this training affected their use of cognitive reappraisal and suppression strategies. The quasi‐experimental study was conducted from January to June 2020, involving 72 nurses (36 in the training group and 36 in the control group) from a university hospital. We used descriptive statistics and repeated measures ANOVA for data analysis. The results indicate that the training group had significantly higher cognitive reappraisal scores than the control group, with scores increasing significantly at post‐test, 1 month, and 3 months after training (F = 24.41; p < 0.001). Additionally, suppression scores decreased significantly for the training group compared to the control group. Our findings demonstrate that emotion regulation training is more effective than the control condition for cognitive reappraisal and suppression strategies in the training group. Future research should explore additional strategies to further enhance emotion regulation skills, potentially improving job performance and patient care.
Effects of Biological Factors and Temperature Elevation on Stigmatic Receptivity and Pollen Tube Growth in Diploid and Hexaploid Plum Genotypes [Prunus salicina and Prunus insititia]
Authors: Abdallah Donia , Ben Mustapha Sana , Salhi‐Hannachi Amel , Baraket Ghada 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPremise of the study. Biological factors and environmental stresses are predominant elements affecting the progamic phase of sexual plant reproduction. Thus, new knowledge is needed to select and develop cultivars adapted to these changes. This work was conducted to evaluate the pollen growth dynamics and the stigmatic receptivity at normal and elevated temperatures, in 12 Tunisian plum genotypes selected based on six different biological factors. Methods. The pistils were hand‐pollinated using their own pollen, and then the dynamics of pollen tube growth and stigma receptivity of Tunisian plum genotypes were surveyed under ambient temperature and under 35 °C. Key results. Results showed that the differences in flower size, geographical origin and drought tolerance did neither affect pollen growth dynamics nor stigma receptivity. However, the polyploidization enlarged the stigmatic receptivity but does not affect the pollen dynamics. Flowering time and wild plantation fasten the pollen growth and enlarge the stigmatic receptivity. We assume that, in particular case, the flowering plants seem to opt for an enlarged stigmatic receptivity and a rapid pollen growth as reproductive strategies to ‘hold on for dear life’. Experiments conducted at 35 °C showed that the temperature elevation accelerates pollen growth dynamics, while it shortens the stigmatic receptivity period. In particular, two accessions: the wild plum ‘Sauvage’ and the late flowering ‘Tasstour Hamra Tardive’ showed faster pollen growth and enlarged stigmatic receptivity, compared to other accessions. Conclusion. The main relevant conclusion of this work resides in the identification of the best adapted Tunisian genotypes that could be selected as pollen sources to extend the pollination period. Especially, accessions presenting a tolerance to high‐temperature deserve serious attention.
Mechanical properties and cuticle organisation in mandibles are related to the task specialisation in leafcutter ants (Atta laevigata, Attini, Formicidae)
Authors: Krings Wencke , Birkenfeld Valentin , Gorb Stanislav N. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLeafcutter ants show a high degree of task division among the workers of different castes. For example, the smallest workers, the minims, care for the brood and the symbiotic fungus, whereas the larger mediae cut and transport plant material. This is reflected in the size and morphology of the mandibles, but also in their mechanical properties as mediae possess the hardest and stiffest cuticle and the minims—the softest and most flexible one. This is directly related to the content of the cross‐linking transition metal zinc (Zn). The cuticle microstructure, which can be more or less anisotropic depending on the orientation of cuticle layers, is known to determine the resistance to loads and stresses and thus contributes to the biomechanical behaviour of the structure. To study how the mandible tasks are related to the cuticular organisation, we here documented the microstructure of the mandibles from the mediae and the minims by scanning electron microscopy. Afterwards, the mechanical properties (Youngs' modulus, E, and hardness, H) of the exo‐, meso‐ and endocuticle were identified by nanoindentation. Tests were performed along the longitudinal and the circumferential axes of the mandibles. We found, that the minims possess mandibles, which are more isotropic, whereas the mandibles of the mediae are rather anisotropic. This difference was never determined within one species before and is probably linked to the task of the individual ant. To gain insight into the origins of these properties, we characterized the elemental composition of the different cuticle layers along the circumferential axis, revealing that only the exocuticle of the mandible cutting edge contains Zn. All other mechanical property gradients thus must be the result of the chitin fibre bundle architecture or the properties of the protein matrix, which awaits further investigation.
Depression status and risk factors analysis based on the ‘individual‐social‐health system’ dimension: evidence from middle‐aged and elderly people in China
Authors: Yi Bin , Liu Chao , Li Hongyu , Zhang Zhiming , Xu Hong , Li Yue , Li Ye , Chen Jin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundDepression, as a common mental illness, is harmful and burdensome. As a country with a large elderly population, China has a heavy burden of depression going in the future. The study aims to portray the current situation of depression occurrence in middle‐aged and elderly people in China and capture the risk triggers, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of the mental health status of middle‐aged and elderly people, and the development of depression prevention, control and intervention strategies.MethodThe study used 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) data and 18 950 respondents aged >45 years as the study sample. Depression status was calculated according to the simplified version of the Depression Scale (CES‐D10) and logistic regression analysis was used to explore the factors affecting depression.ResultThere were 34.14% of the 18 950 respondents who were depressed. The results of logistic regression showed that factors such as being under 65 years of age, female, living in rural areas, having low education, and poor health status were risk factors for depression.ConclusionThe mental health of the middle‐aged and elderly population is poor and affected by multidimensional factors. The Chinese government should continue to strengthen its efforts to prevent and treat depression in the middle‐aged and elderly population, and establish individualised and comprehensive strategies and measures to enhance the operational effectiveness of the policy.
Delirium‐like symptomatology in community‐dwelling older adults with dementia
Authors: Vickers Jasmine K. , Wang Danny , Yefimova Maria , Armah Henrietta , Flood Kellie , Pickering Carolyn E.Z. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundDelirium, a sudden and acute state of confusion, is known to be more prevalent in hospitalised older adults with dementia and is associated with lower levels of functioning after the delirium episode; yet, the literature on estimates of delirium prevalence in community‐dwelling older adults with dementia is scarce. The aim of this study was to define and determine the frequency of delirium‐like symptoms in two different samples of community‐dwelling persons living with dementia, as reported by their family caregivers. ‘Delirium‐like symptoms’ is a concept that specifies an occurrence of cognitive and behavioural symptoms, provoking suspicion of delirium, that represent a sudden and unusual deleterious change in a community‐dwelling person living with dementia that can be identified by family caregivers and prompt healthcare seeking behaviours.MethodsThe frequencies of delirium‐like symptoms were assessed from two intensive longitudinal 21‐day diary studies. Caregivers reported on presence of sudden and unusual cognition and behaviours each day. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the number of caregivers who reported delirium‐like symptoms.ResultsFamily caregivers (n = 50, n = 102) were predominately non‐Hispanic White (75%, 61%), female (94%, 85%), and a child (60%, 59%) of the care‐recipient and completed 1389 and 1739 diaries from the first and second study respectively. Caregivers reported delirium‐like symptoms for 12 (24%) and 27 (27%) of care‐recipients.ConclusionOther studies of delirium in community‐dwelling persons living with dementia have reported similar rates. More research is needed to understand the dynamic context of delirium in community settings to improve the care provided to them by their family caregivers and clinicians in services such as home, primary, and specialty healthcare.
The effects of risk preferences on consumers’ reference‐dependent choices for autonomous vehicles
Authors: Liang Ya , Qian Lixian , Lu Yang , Bektaş Tolga 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAdvances in artificial intelligence (AI) are reshaping mobility through autonomous vehicles (AVs), which may introduce risks such as technical malfunctions, cybersecurity threats, and ethical dilemmas in decision‐making. Despite these complexities, the influence of consumers’ risk preferences on AV acceptance remains poorly understood. This study explores how individuals’ risk preferences affect their choices among private AVs (PAVs), shared AVs (SAVs), and private conventional vehicles (PCVs). Employing a lottery experiment and a self‐reported survey, we first derive four parameters to capture individuals’ risk preferences. Based on a stated preference experiment and the error component logit model, we analyze reference‐dependent preferences for key attributes of PAVs and SAVs, using PCVs as the reference. Our analysis reveals that risk‐tolerant consumers are more inclined toward PAVs or SAVs. Further, consumers exhibit a greater sensitivity to losses, such as higher purchasing prices and running costs, than to gains, such as reduced egress time. Specifically, for buying a PAV, consumers are willing to pay 3582 CNY more for 1000 CNY saving on annual running cost, 3470 CNY for a 1‐min reduction in egress time, 28,880 CNY for removing driver liability for crashes, and 30,710 CNY for the improved privacy data security. For adopting SAVs, consumers are willing to pay 0.096 CNY extra per kilometer for a 1‐min reduction in access time and 0.033 CNY extra per kilometer for a 1% increase in SAV availability. Therefore, this study enhances the understanding on risk preferences in AV acceptance and offers important implications for stakeholders in the AI‐empowered mobility context.
Identifying the vulnerable: Concepts and measurement
Authors: Dutta Indranil , Foster James , Mishra Ajit , Nandeibam Shasi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractVulnerability to poverty, which broadly captures the susceptibility to becoming poor in the future, has become an integral part of any deprivation assessment. In this paper, we provide axiomatic foundations to much of the empirical literature on vulnerability measurement, which often relies on ad hoc rules to identify the vulnerable. Recognizing the formidable informational challenges in vulnerability measurement, we propose and axiomatically characterize a class of identification rules based on the future probability of falling into poverty. Additionally, we axiomatically characterize the Foster–Greer–Thorbecke class of vulnerability measures for those who are identified as vulnerable. Using this framework, we construct the societal vulnerability measure and demonstrate that societal vulnerability can be decomposed into vulnerabilities arising from the different shocks. Finally, we provide an empirical illustration of the identification and measurement rules proposed in this paper using real‐world data from Bangladesh.