bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of Antimicrobial and Staining Activity of Selected Anthraquinone Dyes
Authors: Ajayi Olufunmilayo Adeola , Olatunji Gabriel Ademola 
Published: May 2021

The staining activity of twelve (12) anthraquinone dye derivatives was carried out to investigate the potential of the compounds as staining agents. The reactions of the compounds on organism cell walls were determined, and a comparison was drawn between the mechanism of action of the compounds against established mechanism of reaction of standard dyes used in biological staining. These compounds are BRAM/acetylated PPD, BRAM/PAP/p-TsCl, BRAM/Biaryl/PAP and BRAM/BzCl/PAP, BRAM/aniline, BRAM/o-toluidine, BRAM/p-toluidine, BRAM/m-toluidine, BRAM/p-anisidine, BRAM/m-anisidine, BRAM/PAP, and BRAM/p-iodoaniline. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of these compounds was determined. BRAM/BzCl/PAP exhibited higher biological activity on the bacterial types than most of the controls. From the results of the antifungal test, BRAM/m-toluidine and BRAM/acetylated PPD indicated very significant activity as much as the controls. The staining tests carried out on the compounds show that they are viable alternatives to existing dyes currently used in bacterial and fungal identification.
PERENCANAAN ULANG (REDESIGN) PEMBANGUNAN RUANG BELAJAR SMK AL- MURQONIYAH, HAMBALANG
Authors: Agita Kabdiyono Era , Syariful Akbar Riesa 
Published: May 2021

Sekolah merupakan sarana penting dalam meningkatkan kehidupan dan kualitas hidup manusia tertutama dalam mutu pendidikan anak bangsa. Di dalamnya, terdapat kegiatan belajar dan mengajar bagi para siswa/siswi oleh guru-guru di sekolah. Tujuan penelitian pada laporan ini adalah merencanakan ulang (redesign) struktur bangunan gedung sekolah SMK Al-Murqoniyah dengan menggunakan SNI gempa SNI 1726 – 2012 dan SNI beton SNI 2847 – 2013. Direncanakan struktur gedung bertingkat 2 lantai dengan menggunakan metode sistem rangka pemikul momen dengan pemodelan struktur menggunakan portal 3 dimensi dengan bantuan program ETABS versi 2013. Gedung SMK Al – Murqoniyah didesain dengan struktur beton bertulang. Jumlah tulangan yang didapatkan dari hasil analisis untuk tulangan pelat (t=120 mm) digunakan tulangan D10-100 untuk masing-masing tumpuan dan lapangan, pada struktur balok (200X400 mm) digunakan tulangan lentur 3D13 pada daerah tekan dan 3D13 pada daerah tarik, dengan jarak sengkang pada tumpuan adalah D10-100 pada daerah tumpuan dan D10-150 pada daerah lapangan, serta untuk tulangan lentur kolom (200X250 mm) digunakan tulangan 10D16 dan tulangan sengkang D10-100 pada daerah tumpuan dan tulangan D10-150 pada daerah lapangan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang telah dilakukan menggunakan bantuan program analisis struktur, dapat dinyatakan bahwa elemen struktur gedung ini aman secara analisis dan struktur gedung belajar SMK Al- Murqoniyah telah direncanakan sesuai kaidah perancangan yang berlaku.
Gebelerde prenatal tanı testlerinin ve sonuçlarının farkındalığı: Gaziantep’te yapılan kesitsel bir çalışma
Authors: PALA Elif , YİĞİTBAŞ Kenan , ALIN Muhammet Ali , DEMİRKOL Melek , OLCAR Emine Gizem , CESUR Fatma Betül , DİRİCAN Şevval , ÖZSAVAŞ İzel , TUĞCAN Beyza Nur , KANTAR Fulay , BAYSÖZ Onur , ÖZEL İbrahim , ALTINSOY Murat , ÇETİNKAYA Kaan Fevzi , KARADENİZ Pinar Gunel , ÖZKAPLAN Esra , SORAN Ozlem 
Published: May 2021

Giriş: Prenatal tanı; doğum öncesinde anne karnındaki fetüse ait örneklerde kromozom veya gen düzeyinde araştırma yapılması işlemidir. Bu çalışmada, Gaziantep’te gebelerin prenatal tanı testleri ve sonuçları hakkında farkındalık seviyesini değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmamıza SANKO Üniversitesi Sani Konukoğlu Hastanesi Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi, Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Polikliniğine gebelik takibi amacı ile başvuran 500 kadın dâhil edildi. Katılımcıların prenatal tanı testleri konusunda bilgi düzeyleri ve bu testlere yaklaşımı ile ilgili veriler, yüz yüze anket yöntemiyle toplanarak istatistiksel olarak değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Katılımcılardan daha önce prenatal tanı testlerinden birini yaptıranların oranı %4.4 iken, %17.2’si daha önce prenatal tanı testlerini duyduğunu ve hangi durumlarda yapıldığını bildiğini belirtmiştir. Doktorlarının prenatal tanı testlerinden birini önermesi hâlinde %68.4’ü bu konuda bilgi sahibi olmadığı için önce araştırmayı, %10’u ise yaptırmamayı tercih edeceklerini ifade etmiştir. Yaptırmamayı tercih edenlerin %36.7’si sonucun gebelik devam kararında kendileri için önemsiz olacağını, %32.6’sı düşük riskinden veya sonucun olumsuz olmasından korkacağını ve %20.4’ü ise eşinin izin vermeyeceğini gerekçe göstermiştir. Bebeklerinde genetik olarak bir kusur tespit edilmesi hâlinde %82.9’u gebeliklerine devam etmeyi seçeceklerini belirtmiştir.
Tartışma: Çalışmamızın sonuçları Gaziantep’te prenatal tanı testleri konusundaki bilgi düzeyinin düşük olduğunu ve kadınların daha sağlıklı bir gebelik geçirebilmelerini sağlamak amacıyla konu ile ilgili geniş çaplı eğitim programlarının planlanmasının gerekliğini ortaya koymuştur.
Genomic Tools to Accelerate Improvement in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)
Authors: Lata Suman , Kumar Yadav Ramesh , Tomar B.S. 
Published: May 2021

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench), is an important vegetable crop with limited studies on genomics. It is considered as an essential constituent for balanced food due to its dietary fibers, amino-acid and vitamins. It is most widely cultivated for its pods throughout Asia and Africa. Most of the okra cultivation is done exclusively in the developing countries of Asia and Africa with very poor productivity. India ranks first in the world with a production of 6.3 million MT (72% of the total world production). Cultivated okra is mostly susceptible to a large number of begomoviruses. Yellow vein mosaic disease (YVMD) caused by Yellow vein mosaic virus (YVMV) of genus Begomovirus (family Geminiviridae) results in the serious losses in okra cultivation. Symptoms of YVMD are chlorosis and yellowing of veins and veinlets at various levels, small size leaves, lesser and smaller fruits, and stunting growth. The loss in yield, due to YVMD in okra was found ranging from 30 to 100% depending on the age of the plant at the time of infection. Exploitation of biotechnological tools in okra improvement programmes is often restricted, due to the non availability of abundant polymorphic molecular markers and defined genetic maps. Moreover, okra genome is allopolyploid in nature and possess a large number of chromosomes (2n = 56–196) which makes it more complicated. Genomics tools like RNA- seq. for transcriptome analysis has emerged as a powerful tool to identify novel transcript/gene sequences in non-model plants like okra.
Indium (In)-Catalyzed Silicon Nanowires (Si NWs) Grown by the Vapor–Liquid–Solid (VLS) Mode for Nanoscale Device Applications
Authors: Ajmal Khan M. , Ishikawa Yasuaki 
Published: May 2021

Stacking fault free and planar defects (twin plane) free catalyzed Si nanowires (Si NWs) is essential for the carrier transport in the nanoscale devices applications. In this chapter, In-catalyzed, vertically aligned and cone-shaped Si NWs arrays were grown by using vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) mode on Si (111) substrates. We have successfully controlled the verticality and (111)-orientation of Si NWs as well as scaled down the diameter to 18 nm. The density of Si NWs was also enhanced from 2.5 μm−2 to 70 μm−2. Such vertically aligned, (111)-oriented p-type Si NWs are very important for the nanoscale device applications including Si NWs/c-Si tandem solar cells and p-Si NWs/n-InGaZnO Heterojunction LEDs. Next, the influence of substrate growth temperature (TS), cooling rate (∆TS/∆𝑡) on the formation of planar defects, twining along [112] direction and stacking fault in Si NWs perpendicular to (111)-orientation were deeply investigated. Finally, one simple model was proposed to explain the formation of stacking fault, twining of planar defects in perpendicular direction to the axial growth direction of Si NWs. When the TS was decreased from 600°C with the cooling rate of 100°C/240 sec to room temperature (RT) after Si NWs growth then the twin planar defects perpendicular to the substrate and along different segments of (111)-oriented Si NWs were observed.
Psychiatric Services and Teaching during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Romania
Authors: Valentina Micluţia Ioana 
Published: May 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has been declared in Romania on the 16th March 2020.The medical system reacted promptly: chronic patients had to be discharged within 48 h and further scheduled admittances were postponed, adequate epidemiological measures and circuits were organized. Anxiety, insomnia, frustration, binge eating, domestic violence were reported. The majority respected the general advises but soon, persons selected their information sources rather from social media, being victims of the infodemia and peculiar conspirationist theories. A new disorder has been described: coronaphobia. The psychiatric hospitals and outpatient settings had to reduce or innactivate their activity, switch as much as possible to TelePsychiatry. Psychiatry admittances were: onsets of psychosis, relapses of schizophrenia and alcohol, other psychoactive substances abuses, intoxications, and withdrawal states. Later, there were depressions, bipolar disorders, suicide attempts, self-harm in borderline disorder, dementia and delirium. Due to the closure of outpatient units for several months, patients visited the Emergency rooms. Personnel experienced burnout and new psychiatric pathology developed in the aftermath of Covid-19 infection. A big relief occurred with the initial vaccination of the medical staff and seniors, chronically ill persons, psychiatric patients being again left behind. Medical teaching shifted entirely to online and in 2021 the hybrid teaching system has been employed.
Factors Associated With Hospitalisation of Copd Exacerbations During a Winter Season In an Emergency Ward
Authors: AKIN KABALAK Pınar 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a difficult chronic illness to manage because it causes prolonged hospital admissions and repeated applications. We aimed to examine the factors affecting this situation in a winter emergency in a chest diseases emergency. Material and Method: We conducted a retrospective study in our emergency department (ED) with patients who admitted due to COPD exacerbations. Factors affecting hospitalization and ICU requirement were evaluated.
Results: Totally 128 patients were included. Mean number for ED admissions was 3.01±2.1. There were 73 (57%) hospitalized patients and 17(13.3%) patients transferred to intensive care unit (ICU). White blood cell (WBC) and C reactive protein (CRP) were significantly higher in patients with ≥3 ED admissions than others (p=0.06 and p=0.007 respectively). Among categorical variables being current smoker, long time oxygen therapy (LTOT) and non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) devices and existence of bronchiectasis were related to frequent ED admission (p=0.025, p=0.01, p=0.046 and p=0.028 respectively). Existence of pneumonia and comorbidities had positive and significant correlations with hospitalization (r=0.18, p=0.04 and r=0.26, p=0.02). In terms of ICU requirement, pneumonia, partial arterial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) value and mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAB) had significant correlations (r=0.27, p=0.001, r=0.34, p
What Do Medical Students Think About HIV/AIDS? Student thoughts on HIV / AIDS
Authors: KESMEZ CAN Fatma 
Published: May 2021

Objective: With this study, we wanted to reduce the transmission of HIV/AIDS and to improve the attitudes and behaviors of physician candidates towards HIV/AIDS patients. For this reason, we first measured the knowledge levels of the students. Raising awareness of doctor candidates is a strategic move to protect against HIV / AIDS and to make these patients benefit from health services without any problem.
Methods: Using a questionnaire, we measured HIV/AIDS knowledge levels of students (960) who were continuing their education in the medical school of Atatürk University. The questionnaire consisted of five parts: demographic characteristics, general information, ways of transmission, ways of protection, attitudes, and behaviors. Ethics committee permission was obtained for the study and the survey data were analyzed in SPSS 20 package program.
Results: We noticed that physician candidates, especially ethical issues, were confused in some questions. The results were not enough for medical school. 960 volunteers participated in the study, of which 532 (55.4%) were women and 428 (44.6%) were men. The students knew that an HIV carrier and a patient diagnosed with AIDS are different from each other (78.2%). They said that HIV is a virus that weakens the immune system (86%) and AIDS has no radical treatment (97.4%). However, students' answers about pregnant women and nursing mothers were discrepancy.
Conclusion: We saw that young people need education on HIV/AIDS. For this reason, a training seminar was given by the academicians at Atatürk University on World AIDS Day. The students who participated in our study and education stated that they were not afraid of the patients with AIDS and learned the subject. We expect that this training will improve the approach of doctor candidates to the patient and that the provision of training in all faculties will reduce the increase in HIV / AIDS.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome In Multiple Sclerosis Patients and Its Relation To Attacks
Authors: BÖLÜK Cem 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective: Knowledge about bidirectional microbiome-gut-brain interactions has gradually increased in multiple sclerosis (MS) and many other diseases. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in MS patients, to compare with a control group and to identify the relationship between MS attacks and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms.
Methods: Patients with at least a two-year diagnosis of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) from our outpatient clinic were included in the study. The duration of disease, expanded disability status scale and time of MS attacks were recorded. ROME- IV criteria were used for diagnosis of IBS. Results were compared with the control group. IBS symptoms prior to, during and after an attack were recorded and their relationship to MS attacks was investigated.
Results: 93 RRMS patients and 101 controls were included in this study. The prevalence rate of IBS was found to be 16.1% (n=15) in MS patients and 8.9% (n=9) in the control group. No significant difference can be found in IBS prevalence rate between MS patients and controls (p=0.127). MS attacks had no significant effect on constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain and distention.
Conclusion: This study showed that MS patients have a similar IBS prevalence to the control group. In addition, MS attacks have no significant effect on GI symptoms.
Major Sitolojik Anormalliklerde Kolposkopik Histopatoloji Sonuçlarımız: Tersiyer bir Merkezde 5 Yıllık Deneyim
Authors: KOÇ Sevgi 
Published: May 2021

Amaç: Sitoloji sonucu AGC, ASCH ve HSIL olan kadınlardaki kolposkopik girişimler sonucu tanı konulan yüksek dereceli servikal preinvaziv lezyon ve kanser(HSIL+) oranlarını Human Papillomavirus (HPV) durumu ve yaşa bağlı olarak karşılaştırmaktı.
Yöntemler: Ocak 2015-Aralık 2019 tarihleri arasında hastanemiz kolposkopi ünitesine başvuran sitoloji sonucu AGC, ASCH ve HSIL olan ve ilk kez kolposkopi yapılan 387 hasta çalışmaya alındı. Çalışmaya alınan hastalar histopatolojik HSIL ve kanser sonuçları açısından HPV durumu ve yaş grupları: 30 altı, 30-39, 40-49 ve 50 ve üstü şeklinde tabakalandırılarak karşılaştırıldı.
Bulgular: AGC, ASCH ve HSIL sitoloji gruplarında HSIL oranları sırasıyla %14,7, %40,8 ve %60,4’tür; kanser oranları ise sırasıyla %9,1, %3,2 ve %12,4 olarak bulunmuştur. HPV16 ve HPV18 tiplerinin AGC, ASCH ve HSIL gruplarındaki oranları sırasıyla %56,2, %84,4 ve %88,9’dur. HPV durumuna göre HPV16/18 pozitif AGC, ASCH ve HSIL sitoloji gruplarında HSIL+ oranları sırasıyla %50, %54.8 ve %81,5’dir. Sitoloji gruplarındaki invaziv kanserler yaşa göre değerlendirildiğinde; 30 yaş altında her üç grupta da invaziv kanser saptanmamış olup 30-39, 40-49 ve 50 ve üstü gruplarda sırasıyla %5,4, %8,1 ve %9,6’dır.
Sonuçlar: AGC, ASCH ve HSIL sitoloji gruplarında HSIL+ oranları literatürde olduğu gibi yüksek olup hemen kolposkopi gereklidir. Her üç grupta da en sık görülen HPV tipi HPV 16’dır. Kolposkopik histopatoloji sonuçları negatif olanlarda refleks HPV testi yararlı olabilir.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Orthopedics and Traumatology Service
Authors: ULUÖZ Mesut 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Each country has followed different paths in the fight against the COVID 19 pandemic that started in 2019. The pandemic and the measures taken have affected the whole country. The aim of this study was to investigate how the pandemic affected the practice in the orthopedic clinic.
Methods: Patients who presented at the Orthopedic Outpatients Clinic and Emergency Department with orthopedic complaints between March 15, 2020 and April 15, 2020, were screened. The diagnoses and treatments applied to these patients were recorded. These data were compared with equivalent periods in 2019 and 2018.
Result: There was a significant increase in home accidents, sharp object injuries and diabetic foot wounds compared to the last two years, and a decrease in workplace accidents, traffic accidents and sports injuries (p= 0.040, p=0.000, p=0.037, respectively). The frequency of hip and wrist fractures increased, and the frequency of ankle fractures decreased (p=0.044, p=0.002, p=0.001, respectively).
Conclusion: It was seen that dealing with the pandemic should not only include interventions against the causative agent. Psychological support for individuals, attention focussed on home accidents, and the provision of home exercises, especially for senior citizens, should be recommended.
Development and validation of a nomogram to better predict hypertension based on a 10-year retrospective cohort study in China
Authors: Deng Xinna , Hou Huiqing , Wang Xiaoxi , Li Qingxia , Li Xiuyuan , Yang Zhaohua , Wu Haijiang 
Published: May 2021

Background:Hypertension is a highly prevalent disorder. A nomogram to estimate the risk of hypertension in Chinese individuals is not available.Methods:6201 subjects were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into training set and validation set at a ratio of 2:1. The LASSO regression technique was used to select the optimal predictive features, and multivariate logistic regression to construct the nomograms. The performance of the nomograms was assessed and validated by AUC, C-index, calibration curves, DCA, clinical impact curves, NRI, and IDI.Results:The nomogram140/90 was developed with the parameters of family history of hypertension, age, SBP, DBP, BMI, MCHC, MPV, TBIL, and TG. AUCs of nomogram140/90 were 0.750 in the training set and 0.772 in the validation set. C-index of nomogram140/90 were 0.750 in the training set and 0.772 in the validation set. The nomogram130/80 was developed with the parameters of family history of hypertension, age, SBP, DBP, RDWSD, and TBIL. AUCs of nomogram130/80 were 0.705 in the training set and 0.697 in the validation set. C-index of nomogram130/80 were 0.705 in the training set and 0.697 in the validation set. Both nomograms demonstrated favorable clinical consistency. NRI and IDI showed that the nomogram140/90 exhibited superior performance than the nomogram130/80. Therefore, the web-based calculator of nomogram140/90 was built online.Conclusions:We have constructed a nomogram that can be effectively used in the preliminary and in-depth risk prediction of hypertension in a Chinese population based on a 10-year retrospective cohort study.Funding:This study was supported by the Hebei Science and Technology Department Program (no. H2018206110).
Using application benchmark call graphs to quantify and improve the practical relevance of microbenchmark suites
Authors: Grambow Martin , Laaber Christoph , Leitner Philipp , Bermbach David 
Published: May 2021

Performance problems in applications should ideally be detected as soon as they occur, i.e., directly when the causing code modification is added to the code repository. To this end, complex and cost-intensive application benchmarks or lightweight but less relevant microbenchmarks can be added to existing build pipelines to ensure performance goals. In this paper, we show how the practical relevance of microbenchmark suites can be improved and verified based on the application flow during an application benchmark run. We propose an approach to determine the overlap of common function calls between application and microbenchmarks, describe a method which identifies redundant microbenchmarks, and present a recommendation algorithm which reveals relevant functions that are not covered by microbenchmarks yet. A microbenchmark suite optimized in this way can easily test all functions determined to be relevant by application benchmarks after every code change, thus, significantly reducing the risk of undetected performance problems. Our evaluation using two time series databases shows that, depending on the specific application scenario, application benchmarks cover different functions of the system under test. Their respective microbenchmark suites cover between 35.62% and 66.29% of the functions called during the application benchmark, offering substantial room for improvement. Through two use cases—removing redundancies in the microbenchmark suite and recommendation of yet uncovered functions—we decrease the total number of microbenchmarks and increase the practical relevance of both suites. Removing redundancies can significantly reduce the number of microbenchmarks (and thus the execution time as well) to ~10% and ~23% of the original microbenchmark suites, whereas recommendation identifies up to 26 and 14 newly, uncovered functions to benchmark to improve the relevance.By utilizing the differences and synergies of application benchmarks and microbenchmarks, our approach potentially enables effective software performance assurance with performance tests of multiple granularities.
A multi-division convolutional neural network-based plant identification system
Authors: Turkoglu Muammer , Aslan Muzaffer , Arı Ali , Alçin Zeynep Mine , Hanbay Davut 
Published: May 2021

Background
Plants have an important place in the life of all living things. Today, there is a risk of extinction for many plant species due to climate change and its environmental impact. Therefore, researchers have conducted various studies with the aim of protecting the diversity of the planet’s plant life. Generally, research in this area is aimed at determining plant species and diseases, with works predominantly based on plant images. Advances in deep learning techniques have provided very successful results in this field, and have become widely used in research studies to identify plant species.

Methods
In this paper, a Multi-Division Convolutional Neural Network (MD-CNN)-based plant recognition system was developed in order to address an agricultural problem related to the classification of plant species. In the proposed system, we divide plant images into equal nxn-sized pieces, and then deep features are extracted for each piece using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). For each part of the obtained deep features, effective features are selected using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) algorithm. Finally, the obtained effective features are combined and classification conducted using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) method.

Results
In order to test the performance of the proposed deep-based system, eight different plant datasets were used: Flavia, Swedish, ICL, Foliage, Folio, Flower17, Flower102, and LeafSnap. According to the results of these experimental studies, 100% accuracy scores were achieved for the Flavia, Swedish, and Folio datasets, whilst the ICL, Foliage, Flower17, Flower102, and LeafSnap datasets achieved results of 99.77%, 99.93%, 97.87%, 98.03%, and 94.38%, respectively.