bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Linear Association of Chest Radiograph Opacification With Both Respiratory Physiology and Systemic Inflammation in Hospital In‐Patients With Covid‐19 Infection
Authors: Crooks Colin J. , Shaw Dominick , Card Timothy R. , Au‐Yong Iain , Higashi Yutaro , Giannotti Elisabetta , Fogarty Andrew W. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundChest radiographs are generally used for diagnostic purposes. They also have potential to quantify disease severity. This analysis tested the hypothesis that there was an association between chest radiograph opacification and measures of respiratory physiological status and systemic inflammation in patients with Covid‐19 infection.MethodsData on chest radiograph opacification were compared with concurrent measures of oxygen requirements and saturation and serum C‐reactive protein.ResultsData were available from 628 individuals. The median opacification on chest radiographs was 20% (interquartile range 5–45). This was associated both SFR (oxygen saturation/supplementary oxygen) with an r value of −0.38 (95% confidence intervals CI: −0.45 to −31, Pearson's correlation coefficient) and CRP (+0.33; 95% CI: +0.24 to +0.41, Pearson's correlation coefficient).ConclusionChest radiograph opacification scores are associated with both respiratory physiology status and systemic inflammation levels in patients with Covid‐19 infection.
Bots and insights: Combining perspectives of analytics and software development in systems analysis and design projects
Authors: Sharma Madhav , McHaney Roger 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMany management information systems (MIS) faculty have adopted a project‐oriented approach in their systems analysis and design courses. In these courses, students use a software development methodology to create a web or mobile application project, which can be based on a predefined case or developed for an external stakeholder. Because most information systems programs emphasize cybersecurity, analytics, and artificial intelligence (AI), traditional systems analysis and design courses for web applications may seem one‐dimensional in comparison. To address this limitation, we developed and implemented a project based on Merrill's Pebble‐in‐the‐Pond instructional design. In this project, students were required to build an application with two key components: a chatbot and a dashboard, both integrated with the same database. These components cater to multiple user groups, allowing us to combine perspectives from analytics and AI within a single project. Drawing from our experience and feedback from students, we have compiled a set of recommendations for successfully implementing such a project.
Myocardial Characterization on CT: Late Iodine Enhancement and Extracellular Volume
Authors: Bartoli Axel , Gnasso Chiara , Palmisano Anna , Bettinelli Andrea , Vignale Davide , Esposito Antonio 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMyocardial tissue characterization is fundamental in diagnosing, treating, and managing various cardiac diseases. In recent years, cardiac computed tomography (CCT) emerged as a valuable alternative to cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) for myocardial tissue characterization, with the possibility to detect myocardial scar and quantify the extracellular volume fraction in a single CT study with the advantage of combined coronary arteries evaluation, shorter scanning time, and less susceptibility to device artifacts compared to CMR. However, CCT is typically affected by a lower contrast‐to‐noise ratio and potentially increased radiation exposure. Therefore, a deep understanding of the available technology and the strategies for acquisition optimization is of fundamental importance to improve image quality and accuracy, while minimizing radiation exposure. This review summarizes principles of myocardial characterization on CCT, acquisition protocols according to the different technologies available including the dual‐energy CT and the innovative photon‐counting detector CT, and setting of clinical utility.
Multicenter observational study to characterize fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 fusions or rearrangements in patients with advanced/metastatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Satake Tomoyuki , Morizane Chigusa , Isayama Hiroyuki , Katanuma Akio , Endo Masato , Kobayashi Noritoshi , Kojima Yasushi , Kubo Shoji , Matsubara Saburo , Shiraishi Takeshi , Ohta Takashi , Uwagawa Tadashi , Kobayashi Shingo , Sahara Takatoshi , Funasaka Setsuo , Ikezawa Hiroki , Okusaka Takuji 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimWe conducted this observational study to investigate patterns of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) fusions or rearrangements, and how they relate to other characteristics of patients with unresectable advanced cholangiocarcinoma.MethodsPatients aged 20 years or older with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) or perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHC) had tumor samples assessed for FGFR2 fusions or rearrangements by a break‐apart fluorescence in situ hybridization probe kit analyzed at a central laboratory; multivariate analyses using a logistic regression model were conducted to investigate the relationship between FGFR2 fusions or rearrangements and patients' baseline characteristics; two cut‐off values (p‐values of 0.15 and 0.05) were used.ResultsOf the 453 patients observed, 25 (5.5%) had FGFR2 fusions or rearrangements, corresponding with 7.4% (23/306) of patients with ICC and 1.4% (2/144) of patients with PHC. Of 426 evaluable patients, FGFR2 fusions or rearrangements were associated with hepatitis C antibodies (odds ratio [OR] 6.901; p < 0.05); patients who had PHC versus ICC (OR 0.273; p < 0.05) or were men (OR 0.431; p < 0.15) were less likely to have FGFR2 fusions or rearrangements. Of 252 evaluable patients with ICC, FGFR2 fusions or rearrangements were associated with hepatitis C antibodies (OR 9.500; p < 0.05); patients who were men (OR 0.419; p < 0.05) or were aged ≥65 years (OR 0.406; p < 0.15) were less likely to have FGFR2 fusions or rearrangements.ConclusionsThis large observational study helps to characterize factors associated with FGFR2 fusions or rearrangements. Further study is warranted to explore differences in prevalence among different geographic populations and patients with PHC.
Comparative performance of PD‐L1 scoring by pathologists and AI algorithms
Authors: Plass Markus , Olteanu Gheorghe‐Emilian , Dacic Sanja , Kern Izidor , Zacharias Martin , Popper Helmut , Fukuoka Junya , Ishijima Sosuke , Kargl Michaela , Murauer Christoph , Kalson Lipika , Brcic Luka 
Published: February 2025

AimThis study evaluates the comparative effectiveness of pathologists versus artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in scoring PD‐L1 expression in non‐small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Immune‐checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized NSCLC treatment, with PD‐L1 expression, measured as the tumour proportion score (TPS), serving as a critical predictive biomarker for therapeutic response.Methods and ResultsIn our analysis, 51 SP263‐stained NSCLC cases were scored by six pathologists using light microscopy and whole‐slide images (WSI), alongside evaluations by two commercially available software tools: uPath software (Roche) and the PD‐L1 Lung Cancer TME application (Visiopharm). The study examined intra‐ and interobserver agreement among pathologists at TPS cutoffs of 1% and 50%, revealing moderate interobserver agreement (Fleiss' kappa 0.558) for TPS <1% and almost perfect agreement (Fleiss' kappa 0.873) for TPS ≥50%. Intraobserver consistency was high, with Cohen's kappa ranging from 0.726 to 1.0. Comparisons between the AI algorithms and the median pathologist scores showed fair agreement for uPath (Fleiss' kappa 0.354) and substantial agreement for the Visiopharm application (Fleiss' kappa 0.672) at the 50% TPS cutoff.ConclusionThese results indicate that while there is strong interobserver concordance among pathologists at higher TPS levels, the performance of AI algorithms is less consistent. The study underscores the need for further refinement of AI tools to match the reliability of expert human evaluation, particularly in critical clinical decision‐making contexts.
Barriers and Facilitators to Physical Activity in People With Young‐Onset, Aged 18–40 Years Type 2 Diabetes: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyan , Duaso Maria , Ghazaleh Haya Abu , Guo Xiaodi , Forbes Angus 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimTo explore the barriers and facilitators to physical activity engagement among people with young‐onset type 2 diabetes.DesignA qualitative research design using individual semi‐structured interviews.MethodsA purposive sampling technique was used to recruit individuals with young‐onset type 2 diabetes through social media, based on: age, gender, diabetes duration, diabetes complication and physical activity level. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using Framework analysis integrating the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behaviour model.ResultsTwenty‐three individuals with type 2 diabetes (median age 29 years; 13 women; median diabetes duration 1 year) were interviewed. Nineteen subthemes were identified across all domains of the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behaviour model. The most common domains and the related subthemes were psychological capability (physical activity knowledge, self‐monitoring); social opportunity (stigma, family commitments, guidance from professionals, interactive physical activity, emotional support); and reflective motivation (perceived physical impact of physical activity, perceived mental impact of physical activity, social role & responsibility, perceived self‐efficacy). Interactions were also observed between the different domains of the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behaviour model.ConclusionThis study revealed in‐depth and novel information on the barriers and facilitators to physical activity in people with young‐onset type 2 diabetes. Future interventions would require multimodal approaches to enhance physical activity motivation in this population by addressing these underpinning psychological and social barriers.Implications for the Profession and Patient CareThis study highlighted the need for a multimodal strategy that addresses psychological capability, social opportunity and reflective motivation for increasing physical activity in people with young‐onset type 2 diabetes.Reporting MethodThis study was reported using the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist.Patient or Public ContributionAn advisory group including six individuals with young‐onset type 2 diabetes contributed to the design of the interview topic guide.
Advance Directives in Mental Health Service: A Qualitative Study on Stakeholders' Perspectives
Authors: Jóhannesdóttir Ína Rós , Fridjónsdóttir Helga Sif , Klinke Marianne Elisabeth 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundAdvance directives in mental health services aim to reduce coercion, enhance adherence, and prevent violence by giving patients a voice during relapses. However, their use is limited due to diverse stakeholder perspectives and insufficient familiarity.ObjectivesTo explore stakeholders' perspectives on advance directives in Icelandic mental health services, focusing on potential benefits and implementation challenges.MethodsData were gathered via focus groups with purposively sampled mental health service users and providers. Using a multiple category design allowed for constant comparative and interpretive analysis of data collected from these two groups.ResultsThe study involved 19 individuals divided into four focus groups, with service users comprising one group (n = 4) and service providers comprising three groups (n = 15). Participants had limited familiarity with advance directives and had not used them. While both service users and providers viewed advance directives favourably, significant differences emerged: users valued the opportunity for self‐expression and autonomy, whereas providers, though supportive of user empowerment, struggled with relinquishing control in the therapeutic relationship, thereby preserving power imbalances.ConclusionsImplementing advance directives in mental healthcare requires in‐depth dialogue to align stakeholder expectations. A strategy should focus on education, stakeholder engagement, and co‐created interventions to reconcile diverse perspectives.
Conceptualisation of Mental Health Recovery by Health Professionals and Students in Southeast Asia: A Qualitative Systematic Review and Meta‐Aggregation
Authors: Chatwiriyaphong Rinlita , Fernandez Ritin , Bosworth Rebecca , Kinghorn Grant , Moxham Lorna 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionWhile the recovery approach is gaining recognition in non‐Western countries, it remains underexplored in Southeast Asia. This study addressed this gap by examining how health professionals and students conceptualised recovery, providing insights for enhancing mental health practices.AimTo synthesise how health professionals and students in Southeast Asian countries understand mental health recovery.MethodsA search across CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, and the Web of Science identified ten qualitative studies (2006–2024). Data extraction, quality appraisal, and synthesis were conducted following the JBI methodology.ResultsThe findings highlighted a medically driven and determined return to normal functioning for individuals living with mental illness. This was classified into six categories: return to being a ‘normal person’, symptom‐free status, medication adherence, access to mental health services, living with residual symptoms, and holistic care with a psychosocial focus.DiscussionMedical‐oriented practices have dominated mental health care, creating a power imbalance. Training, education, culture, socioeconomic status, and stigma have shaped the understanding of recovery.Implications for Practice and RecommendationsShared decision‐making and formal training prioritising lived experiences are vital to reducing power imbalances. A shift towards recovery‐oriented approaches is critically needed to enhance mental health practices in Southeast Asia.
Evolutionary history mediates adaptation through shaping genetic variance
Authors: Han Jia‐Xu , Bai Zhuang‐Dong , Wang Rui‐Wu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOrganisms exhibit diverse responses when exposed to novel environments, and successful adaptation depends on aligning evolutionary histories with these new conditions. Reusing standing genetic variation is a critical mechanism for this adaptation process. Using an extended Fisher's geometric model, we conducted simulations of evolving populations to investigate how evolutionary histories influence adaptation to novel environments. Our results highlight that distinct evolutionary histories produce varying patterns of genetic variance within populations. When organisms return to previously experienced environments, they exhibit enhanced performance and rapid adaptation. This supports the validity of the strategy commonly employed in ecological restoration to revert habitats to their original state. Moreover, small deviations of the greatest genetic variance direction from the optimum are beneficial for both fitness and fitness increase. A small genetic variance size is advantageous for fitness but impedes fitness increase. A short distance to the optimum and a sharp genetic variance shape are beneficial for fitness but have no significant effects on fitness increase. Our findings underscore the crucial role of evolutionary histories in shaping genetic variance and evolutionary potential when adapting to a new optimum. These results contribute to an evolutionary understanding of the factors underlying the disparate responses of phenotypically similar species to environmental change.
A Test of the Long‐Term Efficiency of Genetic Rescue With Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Pérez‐Pereira Noelia , Kleinman‐Ruiz Daniel , García‐Dorado Aurora , Quesada Humberto , Caballero Armando 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTGenetic rescue is considered a promising but underutilised conservation strategy to mitigate inbreeding depression and restore genetic diversity. Yet, empirical evidence supporting its long‐term efficacy is limited to studies investigating short‐term effects. Here, we conducted an experiment with Drosophila to test the long‐term efficiency of genetic rescue across generations. A wild population was captured to found a genetically diverse mass‐bred base population (BP) in the laboratory. Smaller populations of 50 individuals each (N50) were then founded from the BP and maintained for 31 generations. Three sets of lines of eight individuals each were founded from these N50 populations: non‐rescued (control), rescued with BP males, and rescued with N50 males. These lines were maintained for 33 generations. Pupae productivity analysis showed substantial purging in N50 populations and adaptation to laboratory conditions in the BP. Rescued‐BP lines showed a higher productivity and lower extinction rates compared to non‐rescued lines. Whole‐genome sequencing of individuals from a non‐rescued line and a rescued‐BP line revealed fewer deleterious alleles, lower genetic diversity, and higher inbreeding in the rescued line, suggesting efficient rescue. Our results enlighten the importance of introducing new genetic variation allowing for adaptation to increase survival even in small populations despite the simultaneous introduction of an inbreeding load, particularly when facing global changes affecting environmental conditions of both donor and recipient populations.
The Impact of Alpha‐Neurofeedback Training on Gastric Slow Wave Activity and Heart Rate Variability in Humans
Authors: Mathew Jerin , Galacgac Jacob , Smith Mark Llewellyn , Du Peng , Cakmak Yusuf Ozgur 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionNeuromodulation of cortical brain regions associated with the gut‐brain axis may have the potential to modulate gastric function. Previous studies have shown phase‐amplitude coupling between the electroencephalogram (EEG) alpha band frequency of the insula (Ins) and gastric slow wave (GSW) activity. This study investigated the first evidence of alpha band EEG‐neurofeedback (EEG‐NF) training to explore its effects on GSW activity and heart rate variability (HRV).MethodsA randomized crossover design was employed with 20 healthy participants attending two separate sessions [active‐training: uptraining left posterior Insula (LPIns) and active‐control: uptraining primary visual cortex (PVC Brodmann area 17)] following the baseline recording period. A 5‐min water loading test (5WLT) was conducted following the EEG‐NF sessions. Finally, a post EEG‐NF/5WL period was also recorded. Participants were blinded to the training program, and the sessions were randomized and conducted at least 48 h apart. Electrocardiogram (ECG), EEG, and electrogastrogram (EGG) data were recorded throughout theexperiment. In addition, the duration of successful NF training was also extracted. Correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationships between outcome variables.ResultsPearson correlation coefficient analysis revealed a significant relationship between the duration of successful NF training and HRV metrics (RMSSD: r = 0.59; p = 0.005, SI: r = −0.59; p = 0.006) in the LPIns training group and EGG‐gastric rhythm index (r = −0.40; p = 0.028) in the PVC training group. Moreover, the duration of successful LPIns NF correlated with EEG activity of the infraslow band over the left anterior Ins (r = 0.45; p = 0.043), slow band over the right posterior Ins (r = −0.5; p = 0.022), and beta band over the left (r = 0.44; p = 0.04) and right anterior Ins (r = 0.45; p = 0.04). Significant correlations were also observed between LPIns NF duration and connectivity in the beta and gamma bands between cortical regions of interest.ConclusionThe alpha band EEG‐NF training of LPIns demonstrated significant association with HRV, and EEG (activity and functional connectivity)measures and did not show a negative correlation with Gastric Alimetry Rhythm Index (GA‐RI) following the 5WLT as in the PVC training group. These findings underscore the importance of considering the duration of successful NF as an important variable when evaluating NF training efficacy in future studies.
Changes in the predictive effects of family function and depressive symptoms of suicide‐related behaviours in Chinese adolescents during COVID‐19
Authors: Hu Rui , Ma Sisi , Lin Yuan‐jie , Feng Yi‐wei , Li Xiang , Shi Wei , Zhao Li , Shek Daniel T. L. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has led to a global mental health crisis, with increased rates of depression among adolescents, exacerbated by interventions such as social distancing and school closures. While widespread anti‐epidemic experiences may have strengthened social cohesion and improved adolescents' mental health, the long‐term impact of the pandemic on mental health remains a concern, particularly regarding suicide‐related behaviours.MethodThis study explored changes in suicide‐related behaviours among adolescents with depressive symptoms during the pandemic. A cohort of 4245 students aged 10–19 participated in a school‐based survey in 2020, followed by a follow‐up in 2021. Cross‐lagged panel analysis was used to examine associations between depressive symptoms, suicide‐related behaviours and family functioning over time.ResultsDepressive symptoms increased from 2020 to 2021, with a significant rise in mild symptoms (95% CI: 15.53%, 17.78%), whereas severe symptoms decreased (95% CI: 10.24%, 12.14%) (p < .05). Suicide‐related behaviours, except suicidal plans, showed a decreasing trend (p < .05). Significant correlations were found between family functioning, depressive symptoms and suicide‐related behaviours.ConclusionsWhile some aspects of adolescent mental health, such as depressive symptoms, showed improvement during the pandemic, depressive symptoms remained a strong predictor of suicide‐related behaviours. The findings underscore the importance of addressing depressive symptoms as a key risk factor for suicide and highlight the role of family functioning in mitigating these risks. Continued attention to adolescent mental health, especially in the context of prolonged pandemic‐related stressors, is essential.
Establishment of a Regeneration System for ‘Minihyang’, a Domestic Citrus Variety With High Utility as a Genetic Resource
Authors: Jin Seong‐Beom , Park Suk‐Man , Park Jee‐Soo , Moon Young‐Eel , Lee Dong‐Hoon 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT‘Minihyang’, a novel citrus cultivar, was developed through the hybridization of Citrus kinokuni ex Tanaka ‘Kishu mikan’ and Citrus reticulata ‘Ootaponkan’. This study aimed to establish a tissue culture system for ‘Minihyang’ using cells from unfertilized and undeveloped seeds of mature fruits. Somatic embryogenic cells were induced on somatic embryogenesis induction modified Murashige and Tucker (SIME) medium and propagated through subculture on modified Murashige and Skoog (EMS) medium containing sucrose, malt extract and agar. Abnormal globular embryos were observed after 4 weeks in the EMS medium with lactose and agar. Normal plants were regenerated from somatic embryos by culturing in the EMS medium supplemented with sorbitol, galactose, gibberellic acid and gelrite. Genetic and phylogenetic analyses confirmed the hybrid origin of ‘Minihyang’, demonstrating closer genetic relatedness to its seed parent ‘Ootaponkan’ than to its pollen parent. Additionally, regenerated plantlets were identified as nucellar tissue derivatives, genetically identical to ‘Minihyang’. This tissue culture system facilitates the use of ‘Minihyang’ as a genetic resource for breeding bioactive cultivars.