bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Communicating Research to Non-Researcher Audiences: A Panel Discussion From the National Cancer Institute’s Future of Cancer Health Economics Research Conference
Authors: Chino Fumiko , Carroll Aaron , Sanger-Katz Margot , Dusetzina Stacie B , Zafar S Yousuf 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
With rising health-care costs and increasing patient financial strain, health economics research has never been more relevant to the lay public. This manuscript summarizes the discussion from the “Communicating Health Economics Research to Non-Researcher Audiences” expert panel and highlights the foundations of good health/science communication, distilling your work into a newsworthy headline, and communication concerns in specific scenarios. It also provides “dos and don'ts” for promoting your research to the news media and a list of resources on interacting with the press for further study.
Vaginal and reproductive organ preservation in trans men undergoing gender-affirming phalloplasty: technical considerations
Authors: Salgado Christopher J , Yu Kerstin , Lalama Maria J 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Gender affirmation surgeries are performed to decrease the patient’s dysphoria and improve quality of life. Preservation of the vaginal canal with reproductive organs is uncommon though becoming increasingly discussed in trans men. This series examines surgical complexities of vaginal and/or reproductive organ preservation in patients undergoing phalloplasty, highlighting considerations for safety and well-being. Two patients who underwent phalloplasty met inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study and were treated in accordance with World Professional Association for Transgender Health standards. We retrospectively reviewed patients’ medical records and extracted demographic data. Phallus and clitoral sensation, ability for penetrative intercourse and treatment of gender incongruence were assessed postoperatively. At an average of 22 months postoperatively, both flaps survived with tactile sensation two-thirds down the shaft, and the clitoris of both maintained erogenous sensation from stimulation. Gender incongruence was described to be reduced, and both patients were able to receive penetrative vaginal intercourse.
RpoN/Sfa2-dependent activation of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa H2-T6SS and its cognate arsenal of antibacterial toxins
Authors: Allsopp Luke P , Collins Alice C Z , Hawkins Eleanor , Wood Thomas E , Filloux Alain 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses three type six secretion systems (H1-, H2- and H3-T6SS) to manipulate its environment, subvert host cells and for microbial competition. These T6SS machines are loaded with a variety of effectors/toxins, many being associated with a specific VgrG. How P. aeruginosa transcriptionally coordinates the main T6SS clusters and the multiple vgrG islands spread through the genome is unknown. Here we show an unprecedented level of control with RsmA repressing most known T6SS-related genes. Moreover, each of the H2- and H3-T6SS clusters encodes a sigma factor activator (SFA) protein called, Sfa2 and Sfa3, respectively. SFA proteins are enhancer binding proteins necessary for the sigma factor RpoN. Using a combination of RNA-seq, ChIP-seq and molecular biology approaches, we demonstrate that RpoN coordinates the T6SSs of P. aeruginosa by activating the H2-T6SS but repressing the H1- and H3-T6SS. Furthermore, RpoN and Sfa2 control the expression of the H2-T6SS-linked VgrGs and their effector arsenal to enable very effective interbacterial killing. Sfa2 is specific as Sfa3 from the H3-T6SS cannot complement loss of Sfa2. Our study further delineates the regulatory mechanisms that modulate the deployment of an arsenal of T6SS effectors likely enabling P. aeruginosa to adapt to a range of environmental conditions.
The Risk Management Practices of Health Research Ethics Committees May Undermine Citizen Science to Address Basic Human Rights
Authors: Hawe Penelope , Rowbotham Samantha , Marks Leah , Casson Jonathan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Lack of supportive workplaces may be depriving babies and mothers of the health advantages of breastfeeding. This citizen science pilot project set out to engage women in photographing and sharing information on the available facilities for breastfeeding and expressing and storing breastmilk in Australian workplaces. While some useful insights were gained, the project failed in the sense that 234 people ‘liked’ the project Facebook page set up to recruit participants, but only nine photographs were submitted. The heaviest loss of participation occurred after the ethics committee requirements were explained, in particular, the requirement for employer consent to take a photograph, or alternatively, for a participant to agree to bear the risk of taking a photo without permission. The ethics committee also made stipulations about the formality of language to be used. Thus, the project’s potential role as an enabler for health action was neutered. We argue that the ethics requirements worked contrary to our purpose and possibly acted to reinforce the powerlessness some women experience at work.
Macropartisanship with Independents
Authors: Goidel Spencer , Kellstedt Paul M , Lebo Matthew J 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMacKuen, Erikson, and Stimson’s classic article “Macropartisanship” extended the study of political behavior from static analyses of American elections to the dynamics of partisanship between elections. This launched new frontiers of research, such as studying the effects of presidential approval and economic indices on aggregate party identification. However, the Macropartisanship literature made an important oversight: changes in partisanship between elections are usually from one partisan group to identification as an independent, or vice versa. A single measure of aggregate partisanship, like the original Macropartisanship measure, leaves out independents altogether. This has important theoretical and empirical consequences that are evident in an era of increasingly strong partisanship. We conceive of Macropartisanship as a compositional variable and study how its components are affected by changes in economic sentiment and presidential approval.
The Characteristics and Portfolio Behavior of Bitcoin Investors: Evidence from Indirect Cryptocurrency Investments
Authors: Hackethal Andreas , Hanspal Tobin , Lammer Dominique M , Rink Kevin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cryptocurrencies have received growing attention from individuals, the media, and regulators. However, little is known about the investors whom these financial instruments attract. Using administrative data, we describe the investment behavior of individuals who invest in cryptocurrencies with structured retail products. We find that cryptocurrency investors are active traders who are prone to investment biases and hold risky portfolios. Cryptocurrency investors are more likely to invest in stocks with high media sentiment and more likely to employ heuristics from technical analysis. In line with attention effects and anticipatory utility, we find that the average cryptocurrency investor substantially increases account logins and trading activity after his or her first cryptocurrency purchase. Furthermore, cryptocurrency investors tend to tilt their portfolios toward even more risky securities after cryptocurrency adoption. Our results document which investors are more likely to adopt new financial products and help inform regulators about investors’ vulnerability to cryptocurrency investments.
HIV Encephalopathy in ART-Naïve, Hospitalized Infants in Mozambique
Authors: Chaúque Sílvia , Mohole Jyodi , Zucula Helton , Lambo Luisa , Lisboa Anselmo , Ferreira Domitila , Nguyen Hanh , Chowdhary Harshika , Macmillian Belinda , Elias Beatriz , Seni Amir , Buck W Chris 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Introduction
The neurodevelopmental impact of HIV infection in older children has been well-described, with characterization of HIV-associated encephalopathy (HIVE) and associated cognitive defects. HIVE is relatively common in older children who were vertically infected. The sparse literature on HIVE in infants suggests that incidence may be up to 10% in the first year of life, but no studies were identified that specifically evaluated hospitalized infants.

Methods
A descriptive study of routine inpatient data from two central referral hospitals in Mozambique was conducted. Inclusion criteria were infants with confirmed HIV infection aged &lt;12 months, not on ART, admitted between 1 January 2019 and 30 June 2019. Presumptive HIVE was defined as having delayed developmental milestones in addition to microcephaly and/or pathological reflexes.

Results
Seven out of 27 patients (26%) were classified as presumptive HIVE. Delayed milestones were seen in 18 patients (67%) and the prevalence was approximately two times higher in the HIVE (+) group across all milestone categories. Delayed or no maternal ART (p = 0.03) and the infant not having received postnatal nevirapine prophylaxis (p = 0.02) were significantly associated with HIVE.

Conclusions
HIVE prevalence is high in ART naïve hospitalized infants, particularly in those with risk factors for in-utero transmission. Thorough neurologic and developmental assessments can help identify HIV-infected infants and can be of particular utility in pediatric wards without access to point-of-care virologic testing where presumptive HIV diagnosis is still needed. Infants with HIVE need comprehensive care that includes antiretroviral therapy and physical/occupational therapy.
An Epidemiological Retrospective and Predictive Analysis of Rubella in Beijing, Haidian District of China
Authors: Yu Susu , Peng Xinyue , Wu Fan , Yang Jiani , Zhou Cheng , Zhang Luyun , Lin Hui , Wei Zhisheng , Zhang Wenjuan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
This study is aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of rubella in Beijing, Haidian District of China, from 2005 to 2020, providing scientific basis for controlling rubella and the congenital rubella syndrome.

Methods
Data were collected via the legal infectious disease report cards from medical institutions in Haidian, 2005–2020. The descriptive epidemiological methods plus statistical analysis were used to analyze the distribution of rubella in terms of population, time and region.

Results
In total, there were 994 cases of rubella in Beijing, Haidian District, with an average incidence of 1.81/100 000. In 2007, it was hit by rubella with the highest incidence up to 8.37/100 000, in the past 16 years. The peak incident of rubella was in spring (March to May). The majority of rubella patients were students and employees (70.1%) who are infected mainly due to the gathering. The majority of patients aged 15–29 years (63.4%). And the male-to-female ratio was 1.45 : 1. Rubella had a feature of spatial aggregation and appeared in all the regions in Haidian. According to Joinpoint regression model, rubella would still exist in the next 3 years with 2–5 new cases per year.

Conclusions
Rubella showed a downshift trend from 2008 to 2014, then a sporadic distribution till 2020 in Haidian. Not completely eliminated yet, it is quite impending to improve people’s awareness of preventing rubella and their health literacy mentally and physically in the whole population by means of the policy issuing from government.
Risk of Lymph Node Metastasis in T1b Gastric Cancer
Authors: Vos Elvira L. , Nakauchi Masaya , Gönen Mithat , Castellanos Jason A. , Biondi Alberto , Coit Daniel G. , Dikken Johan L. , D’ugo Domenico , Hartgrink Henk , Li Ping , Nishimura Makoto , Schattner Mark , Song Kyo Young , Tang Laura H. , Uyama Ichiro , Vardhana Santosha , Verhoeven Rob H. A. , Wijnhoven Bas P. L. , Strong Vivian E. 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
We sought to define criteria associated with low lymph node metastasis risk in patients with submucosal (pT1b) gastric cancer from 3 Western and 3 Eastern countries.

Summary Background Data:
Accurate prediction of lymph node metastasis risk is essential when determining the need for gastrectomy with lymph node dissection following endoscopic resection. Under present guidelines, endoscopic resection is considered definitive treatment if submucosal invasion is only superficial, but this is not routinely assessed.

Methods:
Lymph node metastasis rates were determined for patient groups defined according to tumor pathological characteristics. Clinicopathological predictors of lymph node metastasis were determined by multivariable logistic regression and used to develop a nomogram in a randomly selected subset that was validated in the remainder. Overall survival was compared between Eastern and Western countries.

Results:
Lymph node metastasis was found in 701 of 3166 (22.1%) Eastern and 153 of 560 (27.3%) Western patients. Independent predictors of lymph node metastasis were female sex, tumor size, distal stomach location, lymphovascular invasion, and moderate or poor differentiation. Patients fulfilling the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guideline criteria, excluding the requirement that invasion not extend beyond the superficial submucosa, had a lymph node metastasis rate of 8.9% (53/594). Excluding moderately differentiated tumors lowered the rate to 3.4% (10/296). The nomogram’s area under the curve was 0.690. Regardless of lymph node status, overall survival was better in Eastern patients.

Conclusions:
The lymph node metastasis rate was lowest in patients with well differentiated tumors that were ≤3 cm and lacked lymphovascular invasion. These criteria may be useful in decisions regarding endoscopic resection as definitive treatment for pT1b gastric cancer.
Association of Hospital Volume with Perioperative Mortality of Endovascular Repair of Complex Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Alberga Anna J. , von Meijenfeldt Gerdine C.I. , Rastogi Vinamr , de Bruin Jorg L. , Wever Jan J. , van Herwaarden Joost A. , Hamming Jaap F. , Hazenberg Constantijn E.V.B. , van Schaik Jan , Mees Barend M.E. , van der Laan Maarten J. , Zeebregts Clark J. , Schurink Geert W.H. , Verhagen Hence J.M. ,   in collaboration with the Dutch Society of Vascular Surgery, the Steering Committee of the Dutch Surgical Aneurysm Audit, the Dutch Institute for Clinical Auditing
Published: December 2021

Objective:
We evaluate nationwide perioperative outcomes of complex EVAR and assess the volume-outcome association of complex EVAR.

Summary of Background Data:
Endovascular treatment with fenestrated (FEVAR) or branched (BEVAR) endografts is progressively used for excluding complex aortic aneurysms (complex AAs). It is unclear if a volumeoutcome association exists in endovascular treatment of complex AAs (complex EVAR).

Methods:
All patients prospectively registered in the Dutch Surgical Aneurysm Audit who underwent complex EVAR (FEVAR or BEVAR) between January 2016 and January 2020 were included. The effect of annual hospital volume on perioperative mortality was examined using multivariable logistic regression analyses. Patients were stratified into quartiles based on annual hospital volume to determine hospital volume categories.

Results:
We included 694 patients (539 FEVAR patients, 155 BEVAR patients). Perioperative mortality following FEVAR was 4.5% and 5.2% following BEVAR. Postoperative complication rates were 30.1% and 48.7%, respectively. The first quartile hospitals performed <9 procedures/ yr; second, third, and fourth quartile hospitals performed 9–12, 13–22, and ≥23 procedures/yr. The highest volume hospitals treated significantly more complex patients. Perioperative mortality of complex EVAR was 9.1% in hospitals with a volume of <9, and 2.5% in hospitals with a volume of ≥13 (P = 0.008). After adjustment for confounders, an annual volume of ≥13 was associated with less perioperative mortality compared to hospitals with a volume of <9.

Conclusions:
Data from this nationwide mandatory quality registry shows a significant effect of hospital volume on perioperative mortality following complex EVAR, with high volume complex EVAR centers demonstrating lower mortality rates.
Transient population dynamics drive the spread of invasive wild pigs in North America
Authors: Miller Ryan S , Tabak Michael A , Burdett Christopher L , Wolfson David W 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInvasion of nonindigenous species is considered one of the most urgent problems affecting native ecosystems and agricultural systems. Mechanistic models that account for short-term population dynamics can improve prediction because they incorporate differing demographic processes that link the environmental conditions of a spatial location explicitly with the invasion process. Yet short-term population dynamics are rarely accounted for in spatial models of invasive species spread.Accounting for transient population dynamics, we predict the population growth rate and establishment probability of wild pigs following introduction into any location in North America. We compared predicted population growth rate with observed geographic rates of spread and found significant relationships between the annual rate of spread and population growth rates.We used geospatial data on the distribution of mast producing tree species (a principle forage resource of wild pigs) and agricultural crops that can replace mast in their diets to predict population dynamics using transient population simulations. We simulated populations under different initial population sizes (i.e. number of introduced individuals, often termed propagule size) and for different amounts of time following introduction. By varying the initial population size and simulation time, we were able to identify areas in North America with high probability for establishment of wild pigs if introduced. Our findings can be used to inform surveillance and removal efforts to reduce the potential for establishment and spread of wild pigs.
Acute COVID-19 severity and 16-month mental morbidity trajectories in patient populations of six nations
Authors: Magnúsdóttir Ingibjörg , Lovik Anikó , Unnarsdóttir Anna Bára , McCartney Daniel , Ask Helga , Kõiv Kadri , Nordahl Christoffersen Lea Arregui , Johnson Sverre Urnes , McIntosh Andrew , Kähler Anna K. , Campbell Archie , Hauksdóttir Arna , Fawns-Ritchie Chloe , Erikstrup Christian , Helenius Dorte , Altschul Drew , Thordardottir Edda Bjork , Eyþórsson Elías , Frans Emma M. , Tómasson Gunnar , Jónsdóttir Harpa Lind , Rúnarsdóttir Harpa , Hjalgrim Henrik , Harðardóttir Hrönn , González-Hijón Juan , Banasik Karina , Dinh Khoa Manh , Lu Li , Milani Lili , Trogstad Lill , Didriksen Maria , Ebrahimi Omid V. , Sullivan Patrick F. , Magnus Per Minor , Shen Qing , Nesvåg Ragnar , Mägi Reedik , Pálsson Runólfur , Ostrowski Sisse Rye , Werge Thomas , Hoffart Asle , Porteous David J , Fang Fang , Jakobsdóttir Jóhanna , Lehto Kelli , Andreassen Ole A , Pedersen Ole B. V. , Aspelund Thor , Valdimarsdóttir Unnur Anna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of this multinational study was to assess the development of adverse mental health symptoms among individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the general population by acute infection severity up to 16 months after diagnosis.METHODSParticipants consisted of 247 249 individuals from seven cohorts across six countries (Denmark, Estonia, Iceland, Norway, Scotland, and Sweden) recruited from April 2020 through August 2021. We used multivariable Poisson regression to contrast symptom-prevalence of depression, anxiety, COVID-19 related distress, and poor sleep quality among individuals with and without a diagnosis of COVID-19 at entry to respective cohorts by time (0-16 months) from diagnosis. We also applied generalised estimating equations (GEE) analysis to test differences in repeated measures of mental health symptoms before and after COVID-19 diagnosis among individuals ever diagnosed with COVID-19 over time.FINDINGSA total of 9979 individuals (4%) were diagnosed with COVID-19 during the study period and presented overall with a higher symptom burden of depression (prevalence ratio [PR] 1·18, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1·03-1·36) and poorer sleep quality (1·13, 1·03-1·24) but not with higher levels of symptoms of anxiety or COVID-19 related distress compared with individuals without a COVID-19 diagnosis. While the prevalence of depression and COVID-19 related distress attenuated with time, the trajectories varied significantly by COVID-19 acute infection severity. Individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 but never bedridden due to their illness were consistently at lower risks of depression and anxiety (PR 0·83, 95% CI 0·75-0·91 and 0·77, 0·63-0·94, respectively), while patients bedridden for more than 7 days were persistently at higher risks of symptoms of depression and anxiety (PR 1·61, 95% CI 1·27-2·05 and 1·43, 1·26-1·63, respectively) throughout the 16-month study period.CONCLUSIONAcute infection severity is a key determinant of long-term mental morbidity among COVID-19 patients.
Multiplexed CRISPR-based microfluidic platform for clinical testing of respiratory viruses and SARS-CoV-2 variants
Authors: Welch N.L. , Zhu M. , Hua C. , Weller J. , Mirhashemi M. Ezzaty , Mantena S. , Nguyen T.G. , Shaw B.M. , Ackerman C.M. , Thakku S.G. , Tse M.W. , Kehe J. , Bauer M.R. , Uwera M-M. , Eversley J.S. , Bielwaski D.A. , McGrath G. , Braidt J. , Johnson J. , Cerrato F. , Petros B.A. , Gionet G.L. , Jalbert S.K. , Cleary M.L. , Siddle K.J. , Happi C.T. , Hung D.T. , Springer M. , MacInnis B.L. , Lemieux J.E. , Rosenberg E. , Branda J.A. , Blainey P.C. , Sabeti P.C. , Myhrvold C 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated a clear need for high-throughput, multiplexed, and sensitive assays for detecting SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses as well as their emerging variants. Here, we present microfluidic CARMEN (mCARMEN), a cost-effective virus and variant detection platform that combines CRISPR-based diagnostics and microfluidics with a streamlined workflow for clinical use. We developed the mCARMEN respiratory virus panel (RVP) and demonstrated its diagnostic-grade performance on 533 patient specimens in an academic setting and then 166 specimens in a clinical setting. We further developed a panel to distinguish 6 SARS-CoV-2 variant lineages, including Delta and Omicron, and evaluated it on 106 patient specimens, with near-perfect concordance to sequencing-based variant classification. Lastly, we implemented a combined Cas13 and Cas12 approach that enables quantitative measurement of viral copies in samples. mCARMEN enables high-throughput surveillance of multiple viruses and variants simultaneously.