bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Integrated Framework for Risk‐Based Analysis of Economic Impacts of Drought and Water Scarcity in England and Wales
Authors: Jenkins Katie , Dobson Barnaby , Decker Christopher , Hall Jim W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDrought and water scarcity pose a risk to the economy, particularly sectors where water is a crucial input to the production process. This paper describes integrated simulations of water shortages from a dynamic national water resource systems model with a static economic input‐output (I‐O) model to assess total drought risk to the economy. To quantify the economic risks of drought and water scarcity, the analysis: (a) integrates a large ensemble of simulated meteorological droughts, propagated through a national hydrological model and water resource systems model to simulate water availability from reservoirs and groundwater; (b) assesses implications of restrictions on water availability for multiple water user categories, representing natural and human contributions to water scarcity; (c) investigates how water shortages propagate into economy‐wide direct and indirect impacts. The study focuses on England and Wales where the water supply system is considered under strain, with growing recognition of the economic risk of prolonged and widespread shortages. The direct Expected Annual Loss (EAL) to water users, averaged over an ensemble equivalent to 2800 years of synthetic daily weather, is estimated to be £11.7 million in the 2011 base‐year. Accounting for indirect economic losses results in a total EAL of £30.2 million in 2011. The most severe event simulated results in a total loss of £1.4 billion in 2011, equivalent to 0.11% of GVA. The analysis provides a framework to assess what the economically efficient level of system reliability should be, and for deciding upon appropriate water management regulations and strategic investments.
Frequency‐Dependent Modulation of Whistler‐Mode Waves by Density Irregularities During the Recovery Phase of a Geomagnetic Storm
Authors: Liu Xu , Gu Wenyao , Xia Zhiyang , Chen Lunjin , Horne Richard B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDensity irregularities near the plasmapause are commonly observed and play an important role in whistler‐mode wave excitation and propagation. In this study, we report a frequency‐dependent modulation event of whistler‐mode waves by background density irregularities during a geomagnetic storm. Higher‐frequency whistler waves (near , where is the equatorial electron cyclotron frequency) are trapped in the density trough regions due to the small refractive index near the parallel direction, while lower‐frequency whistler waves (below ) are trapped in the density crest regions due to the refractive index maximum along the parallel direction. In addition to the modulation, we also find that, quantitatively, the wave amplitude of the higher‐ (lower‐) frequency whistler‐mode waves is anti‐correlated (correlated) with the relative plasma density variation. Our study suggests the importance of density irregularity dynamics in controlling whistler‐mode wave intensity, and thus radiation belt dynamics.
The Impact of Lithology on Fjord Morphology
Authors: Bernard M. , Steer P. , Gallagher K. , Egholm D. L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAssessing the impact of glaciations on topography and the co‐evolution of ice‐sheet dynamics requires a thorough understanding of the factors that control fjord morphology. We investigate the role of lithology on glacial valley form using topographic analyses and numerical landscape evolution models. We measure fjord depths and widths from East Central Greenland (68°N–75°N), and find a control of lithology on fjord width, with wider fjords in softer rocks (i.e., sedimentary rocks). This dependency of fjord width to bedrock properties is predicted by a quarrying erosion law, but not by an abrasion one, when considering results from a simple two‐dimensional model and a more detailed three‐dimensional ice flow model (iSOSIA). Our analyses and numerical results reveal a potential control of lithology on the width of glacial valleys with glacial quarrying as a plausible responsible mechanism.
Enhancing Subseasonal Temperature Prediction by Bridging a Statistical Model With Dynamical Arctic Oscillation Forecasting
Authors: Kim Minju , Yoo Changhyun , Choi Jung 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study proposes a hybrid approach to improving subseasonal prediction skills by bridging a conventional statistical model and a dynamical ensemble forecast system. Based on the perfect prognosis method, the phase of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) from the European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts ensemble forecast system is used as a predictor in a composite based statistical model to predict the wintertime surface air temperature in the Northern Hemisphere. The hybrid model, which employs AO phases predicted by the dynamical model for weeks 1–4, generally outperforms the conventional statistical model for lead times of weeks 2–6. The improved skill score is due to the high accuracy of the AO forecast from the dynamical model and the strong lagged connection between the AO and temperature. This study thus lays the groundwork for the potential use of combining climate variability, statistical relation, and dynamical forecasting.
Insights on Space‐Leader Characteristics and Evolution in Natural Negative Cloud‐to‐Ground Lightning
Authors: Khounate Hamza , Nag Amitabh , Plaisir Mathieu N. , Imam Abdullah Y. , Biagi Christopher J. , Rassoul Hamid K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe present sub‐microsecond‐scale, high‐speed video camera observations of three negative stepped leaders in cloud‐to‐ground flashes with return‐stroke peak currents (estimated by the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network) of −17, −104, and −228 kA. The camera frame exposure times for these observations were 1.8, 1.0, and 0.74 µs, respectively. The 0.74 µs exposure time is the shortest reported to date. We observed the temporal and spatial evolution of space leaders from their inception to their attachment to the pre‐existing leader channel (PELC). For stepped leaders that led to return strokes having higher peak currents, the space leaders appear to have incepted at farther median two‐dimensional distances from their respective PELC‐attachment points. These median distances were 6.1, 16.6, and 17.6 m, respectively, for the three strokes. Our observations indicate that space leader characteristics are likely influenced by stepped‐leader line‐charge‐density, which is expected to be higher in strokes with higher return‐stroke peak currents.
Millennial Resolution Late Miocene Northern China Precipitation Record Spanning Astronomical Analogue Interval to the Future
Authors: Gao Peng , Nie Junsheng , Yan Qing , Zhang Xu , Liu Qingsong , Cao Bo , Pan Baotian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMuch has been learned regarding orbital and millennial timescale climate changes after the onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciations (NHG) at ca. 2.7 Ma. By contrast, little is known about these variations before the NHG due to lack of high‐resolution records. Here we report first millennial resolution quantified East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) precipitation record from the north eastern Tibetan Plateau. The record supports astronomical forcing of EASM during the late Miocene, except for the period of 8.13–8.03 Ma when EASM experienced high amplitude variations at the 100‐, 20‐kyr, and suborbital bands, which is in sharp contrast with the damped astronomical forcing. Detection of strong 100‐kyr and millennial cycles during low eccentricity intervals of the warm late Miocene with ephemeral NH ice sheets cast doubt on NH ice sheet size variations as their exclusive forcing in the late Miocene and late Quaternary paleoclimatic records.
Determining Crustal Attenuation With Seismic T Waves in Southern Africa
Authors: Zhou Yong , Chen Xiaofei , Ni Sidao , Qian Yunyi , Zhang Yayun , Yu Chuanhai , Zhong Qiu , Zheng Tingting , Xu Min 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCrustal attenuation structures obtained at high frequencies (>1 Hz) are important for seismic risk assessment and geodynamics studies in stable continents. However, it is difficult to infer attenuation in low seismicity regions using body and surface waves. In this study, we explore the potential of using seismic T phases to constrain the crustal attenuation. We analyzed the characteristics of T waves recorded on the seismic array deployed in southern Africa. The converted station‐side T‐P and T‐S phases were identified by analyzing the waveform, travel time, polarization, and frequency‐wavenumber features. The distinct differences in polarization and slowness are used to quantify contributions from T‐P and T‐S conversions. The inverted frequency‐dependent Qp and Qs (attenuation factor of local P and S waves, respectively) in the southern Africa are found to be and , respectively. Our method could be extended to infer crustal attenuation features near the coasts of other continents.
The Field of Shock‐Generated Alfven Oscillations Near the Plasmapause
Authors: Leonovich A. S. , Zong Q.‐G. , Kozlov D. A. , Kotovschikov I. P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA theoretical interpretation is given for magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) oscillations observed by the GOES and Cluster satellites on November 7, 2004 near the plasmapause (Zong et al., 2009, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009ja014393, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012ja018024), before and after an interplanetary shock passes through the magnetosphere (about 18:27 UT). It is shown that, after the shock front passage, the MHD oscillation spectra recorded by Cluster (C1) and GOES 12, located respectively inside and outside the plasmasphere, differ significantly. According to our interpretation, these differences are due to the shock wavefront affecting the plasmapause and exciting broadband resonant Alfven waves, thus significantly changing the MHD oscillation spectrum. A model in the form of a plasma cylinder was developed in order to study MHD oscillations in the dayside magnetosphere numerically. An analytical model is proposed for the source of resonant Alfven waves that has the form of two fast magnetosonic wave packets propagating along the plasmapause, resulting from the shock wave/plasmapause interaction. Numerically calculated parameters of Alfven waves excited by a source based on this model show a good agreement with the oscillation parameters observed by satellites.
Synergistic melanoma cell death mediated by inhibition of both MCL1 and BCL2 in high-risk tumors driven by NF1/PTEN loss
Authors: He Shuning , Zimmerman Mark W. , Layden Hillary M. , Berezovskaya Alla , Etchin Julia , Martel Megan W. , Thurston Grace , Jing Chang-Bin , van Rooijen Ellen , Kaufman Charles K. , Rodig Scott J. , Zon Leonard I. , Patton E. Elizabeth , Mansour Marc R. , Look A. Thomas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMelanomas driven by loss of the NF1 tumor suppressor have a high risk of treatment failure and effective therapies have not been developed. Here we show that loss-of-function mutations of nf1 and pten result in aggressive melanomas in zebrafish, representing the first animal model of NF1-mutant melanomas harboring PTEN loss. MEK or PI3K inhibitors show little activity when given alone due to cross-talk between the pathways, and high toxicity when given together. The mTOR inhibitors, sirolimus, everolimus, and temsirolimus, were the most active single agents tested, potently induced tumor-suppressive autophagy, but not apoptosis. Because addition of the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax resulted in compensatory upregulation of MCL1, we established a three-drug combination composed of sirolimus, venetoclax, and the MCL1 inhibitor S63845. This well-tolerated drug combination potently and synergistically induces apoptosis in both zebrafish and human NF1/PTEN-deficient melanoma cells, providing preclinical evidence justifying an early-stage clinical trial in patients with NF1/PTEN-deficient melanoma.
Risk factors for outcome after allogeneic stem cell transplantation in patients with advanced phase CML
Authors: Niederwieser Christian , Morozova Elena , Zubarovskaya Ludmila , Zabelina Tatjana , Klyuchnikov Evgeny , Janson Dietlinde , Wolschke Christine , Christopeit Maximilian , Ayuk Francis , Moiseev Ivan , Afanasyev Boris V. , Kröger Nicolaus 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAllogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) remains the only curative option for patients with advanced chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, outcome is dismal and of short follow-up. The objective of the study was to determine long-term outcome and risk factors in patients with a history of CML Blast Crisis (BC; n = 96) or accelerated phase (n = 51) transplanted between 1990 and 2018. At transplant, patients had a median age of 39 (range 7–76) years and were in ≥CP2 (n = 70), in AP (n = 40) or in BC (n = 37) with a diagnosis-HSCT interval of median 1.9 (range 0.3–24.4) years. Overall survival (OS) amounted 34% (95% CI 22–46) and progression-free survival (PFS) 26% (95% CI 16-36) at 15 years. Adverse risk factors for OS and PFS were low CD34+ count in the graft, donor age (>36 years) and BC. Cumulative incidence of Non-Relapse Mortality (NRM) was 28% (95% CI 18–38) and of relapse (RI) 43% (95% CI 33–53) at 15 years. PB-HSCT and HSCT after 2008 were favorable prognostic factors for NRM, while family donor and patient age >39 years were independently associated with higher RI. HSCT resulted in long-term OS in patients with advanced CML. OS was improved in non-BC patients, with donors ≤36 years and with higher CD34+ dose in the graft.
Beige adipocytes mediate the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of subcutaneous fat in obese mice
Authors: Guo De-Huang , Yamamoto Masaki , Hernandez Caterina M. , Khodadadi Hesam , Baban Babak , Stranahan Alexis M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVisceral obesity increases risk of cognitive decline in humans, but subcutaneous adiposity does not. Here, we report that beige adipocytes are indispensable for the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of subcutaneous fat. Mice lacking functional beige fat exhibit accelerated cognitive dysfunction and microglial activation with dietary obesity. Subcutaneous fat transplantation also protects against chronic obesity in wildtype mice via beige fat-dependent mechanisms. Beige adipocytes restore hippocampal synaptic plasticity following transplantation, and these effects require the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-4 (IL4). After observing beige fat-mediated induction of IL4 in meningeal T-cells, we investigated the contributions of peripheral lymphocytes in donor fat. There was no sign of donor-derived lymphocyte trafficking between fat and brain, but recipient-derived lymphocytes were required for the effects of transplantation on cognition and microglial morphology. These findings indicate that beige adipocytes oppose obesity-induced cognitive impairment, with a potential role for IL4 in the relationship between beige fat and brain function.
Unveiling structure-performance relationships from multi-scales in non-fullerene organic photovoltaics
Authors: Li Shuixing , Zhan Lingling , Yao Nannan , Xia Xinxin , Chen Zeng , Yang Weitao , He Chengliang , Zuo Lijian , Shi Minmin , Zhu Haiming , Lu Xinhui , Zhang Fengling , Chen Hongzheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnveiling the correlations among molecular structures, morphological characteristics, macroscopic properties and device performances is crucial for developing better photovoltaic materials and achieving higher efficiencies. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive study is performed based on four state-of-the-art non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), which allows to systematically examine the above-mentioned correlations from different scales. It’s found that extending conjugation of NFA shows positive effects on charge separation promotion and non-radiative loss reduction, while asymmetric terminals can maximize benefits from both terminals. Another molecular optimization is from alkyl chain tuning. The shortened alkyl side chain results in strengthened terminal packing and decreased π-π distance, which contribute high carrier mobility and finally the high charge collection efficiency. With the most-acquired benefits from molecular structure and macroscopic factors, PM6:BTP-S9-based organic photovoltaics (OPVs) exhibit the optimal efficiency of 17.56% (certified: 17.4%) with a high fill factor of 78.44%, representing the best among asymmetric acceptor based OPVs. This work provides insight into the structure-performance relationships, and paves the way toward high-performance OPVs via molecular design.
Wavelength conversion through plasmon-coupled surface states
Authors: Turan Deniz , Lu Ping Keng , Yardimci Nezih T. , Liu Zhaoyu , Luo Liang , Park Joong-Mok , Nandi Uttam , Wang Jigang , Preu Sascha , Jarrahi Mona 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSurface states generally degrade semiconductor device performance by raising the charge injection barrier height, introducing localized trap states, inducing surface leakage current, and altering the electric potential. We show that the giant built-in electric field created by the surface states can be harnessed to enable passive wavelength conversion without utilizing any nonlinear optical phenomena. Photo-excited surface plasmons are coupled to the surface states to generate an electron gas, which is routed to a nanoantenna array through the giant electric field created by the surface states. The induced current on the nanoantennas, which contains mixing product of different optical frequency components, generates radiation at the beat frequencies of the incident photons. We utilize the functionalities of plasmon-coupled surface states to demonstrate passive wavelength conversion of nanojoule optical pulses at a 1550 nm center wavelength to terahertz regime with efficiencies that exceed nonlinear optical methods by 4-orders of magnitude.
Magnetic-field-induced robust zero Hall plateau state in MnBi2Te4 Chern insulator
Authors: Liu Chang , Wang Yongchao , Yang Ming , Mao Jiahao , Li Hao , Li Yaoxin , Li Jiaheng , Zhu Haipeng , Wang Junfeng , Li Liang , Wu Yang , Xu Yong , Zhang Jinsong , Wang Yayu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe intrinsic antiferromagnetic topological insulator MnBi2Te4 provides an ideal platform for exploring exotic topological quantum phenomena. Recently, the Chern insulator and axion insulator phases have been realized in few-layer MnBi2Te4 devices at low magnetic field regime. However, the fate of MnBi2Te4 in high magnetic field has never been explored in experiment. In this work, we report transport studies of exfoliated MnBi2Te4 flakes in pulsed magnetic fields up to 61.5 T. In the high-field limit, the Chern insulator phase with Chern number C = −1 evolves into a robust zero Hall resistance plateau state. Nonlocal transport measurements and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the charge transport in the zero Hall plateau state is conducted by two counter-propagating edge states that arise from the combined effects of Landau levels and large Zeeman effect in strong magnetic fields. Our result demonstrates the intricate interplay among intrinsic magnetic order, external magnetic field, and nontrivial band topology in MnBi2Te4.
Maternal blood count parameters of chronic inflammation by gestational age and their associations with risk of preterm delivery in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Authors: Morisaki Naho , Piedvache Aurélie , Nagata Chie , Michikawa Takehiro , Morokuma Seiichi , Kato Kiyoko , Sanefuji Masafumi , Shibata Eiji , Tsuji Mayumi , Shimono Masayuki , Ohga Shouichi , Kusuhara Koichi ,   Japan Environment and Children’s Study Group, Kamijima Michihiro , Yamazaki Shin , Ohya Yukihiro , Kishi Reiko , Yaegashi Nobuo , Hashimoto Koichi , Mori Chisato , Ito Shuichi , Yamagata Zentaro , Inadera Hidekuni , Nakayama Takeo , Iso Hiroyasu , Shima Masayuki , Kurozawa Youichi , Suganuma Narufumi , Katoh Takahiko 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNeutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), are three reportedly predictive biomarkers that reflect subclinical chronic inflammatory burden. However, how these biomarkers change during pregnancy and its clinical utility among pregnant women have been rarely studied. Among 76,853 singleton pregnancies delivered at 28–41 weeks of gestation that were enrolled in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, we observed the distribution of maternal NLR, PLR, and LMR values from week 0 to week 36 using spline curves, as well as their predictive values for preterm delivery with and without hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, placental abruption and intrauterine growth restriction (collectively termed ischemic placental disease due to their shared pathological and pathophysiological features) for measurements at 8–11 weeks, 12–17 weeks, and 18–21 weeks. NLR and PLR increased, whereas LMR decreased, with increasing gestation. High LMR and low NLR observed at 18–21 weeks, but not at earlier gestations, were associated with higher risk of preterm delivery with IPD (odds ratio 1.80 [95% CI 1.02, 3.19] per log[LMR]; odds ratio 0.49 [95% CI 0.29, 0.82] per log[NLR]). All parameters were not predictive of preterm delivery without IPD. We provide a robust reference curve for maternal blood count parameters NLR, PLR, and LMR by gestational week.
Sirtuin 5 depletion impairs mitochondrial function in human proximal tubular epithelial cells
Authors: Haschler Timo N. , Horsley Harry , Balys Monika , Anderson Glenn , Taanman Jan-Willem , Unwin Robert J. , Norman Jill T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIschemia is a major cause of kidney damage. Proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) are highly susceptible to ischemic insults that frequently cause acute kidney injury (AKI), a potentially life-threatening condition with high mortality. Accumulating evidence has identified altered mitochondrial function as a central pathologic feature of AKI. The mitochondrial NAD+-dependent enzyme sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) is a key regulator of mitochondrial form and function, but its role in ischemic renal injury (IRI) is unknown. SIRT5 expression was increased in murine PTECs after IRI in vivo and in human PTECs (hPTECs) exposed to an oxygen/nutrient deprivation (OND) model of IRI in vitro. SIRT5-depletion impaired ATP production, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and provoked mitochondrial fragmentation in hPTECs. Moreover, SIRT5 RNAi exacerbated OND-induced mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction and swelling, and increased degradation by mitophagy. These findings suggest SIRT5 is required for normal mitochondrial function in hPTECs and indicate a potentially important role for the enzyme in the regulation of mitochondrial biology in ischemia.