bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Participation of Secondary Students With Severe Disabilities in School Clubs
Authors: Pence Alicia R. , Dymond Stacy K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine how secondary students with severe disabilities (i.e., severe intellectual disability or autism, multiple disabilities) participate in extracurricular school clubs. Using a qualitative multiple case design, the experiences of three high school students were examined. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and document reviews. A single-case inductive open-coding strategy was utilized across all data sources in which codes and categories emerged, and a final cross-case thematic evaluation was conducted. The cross-case thematic analysis resulted in the following four overarching themes: (a) going with the flow; (b) social obstacles: on the outside looking in; (c) supports provided: too much, too little, just right; and (d) safety in numbers.
Advance Care Planning for Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A State-by-State Content Analysis of Person-Centered Service Plans
Authors: McGinley Jacqueline , Marsack-Topolewski Christina N. , Church Heather L. , Knoke Victoria 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Older adults are a rapidly growing segment of the intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) population. Advance care planning (ACP) is recommended as a best practice for adults with IDD, yet, adoption remains low. For individuals receiving Medicaid services, regular meetings maintain the person-centered planning (PCP) process. Content analysis was used to examine data from public documents across the United States to identify the frequency of ACP in PCP and the ways it manifests. Results indicate most states had evidence of ACP within the PCP process with notable variation to the extent. Findings suggest many PCP documents lack content specific to late-life transitions. Included are examples of the ways states have integrated ACP into PCP that can serve as a guide.
Duty cycle variation methods for Bragg gratings: comparative study and optimal design
Authors: Lupu Anatole 
Published: July 2021

An analysis of spectral response apodization by duty cycle methods for grating-assisted optical filters is presented. The study is performed for the case of codirectional couplers, Bragg reflectors, and mirrors. The modeling results show that the supersymmetric duty cycle (SDC) modulation method, initially considered for parity–time symmetric gratings in Lupu et al. [IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 22, 35 (2016)10.1109/JSTQE.2016.2542791IJSQEN1077-260X], performs better than the other methods. An analytical approach to the transfer matrix of the modulated grating explains the better performance of the SDC method.
Mid-infrared laser performance of Ce3+-doped selenide glass
Authors: Fjodorow Peter , Frolov Mikhail P. , Leonov Stanislav O. , Denker B. I. , Galagan B. I. , Sverchkov S. E. , Koltashev V. V. , Plotnichenko V. G. , Sukhanov M. V. , Velmuzhov A. P. 
Published: July 2021

An extensive study of a novel room-temperature mid-infrared Ce3+-doped Ge20Sb10Ga5Se65 glass laser is reported. An influence of output-coupler transmission on laser efficiency and emission spectra is investigated. Pumped by a pulsed Fe:ZnSe laser at 4.1 µm, a maximum output energy of 35 mJ is demonstrated at 5.2 µm, with a laser threshold of about 60 mJ and a slope efficiency of 21%. The tuning range of a mid-infrared Ce:glass laser is reported for the first time: with an intracavity prism, the laser is continuously tunable in the spectral range of 4.5–5.6 µm. The internal losses are determined to be below 9% per roundtrip.
Ultrafast circularly polarized pulses tunable from the vacuum to deep ultraviolet
Authors: Lekosiotis Athanasios , Brahms Christian , Belli Federico , Grigorova Teodora F. , Travers John C. 
Published: July 2021

We experimentally demonstrate the efficient generation of circularly polarized pulses tunable from the vacuum to deep ultraviolet (160–380 nm) through resonant dispersive wave emission from optical solitons in a gas-filled hollow capillary fiber. In the deep ultraviolet, we measure up to 13 µJ of pulse energy, and from numerical simulations, we estimate the shortest output pulse duration to be 8.5 fs. We also experimentally verify that simply scaling the pulse energy by 3/2 between linearly and circularly polarized pumping closely reproduces the soliton and dispersive wave dynamics. Based on previous results with linearly polarized self-compression and resonant dispersive wave emission, we expect our technique to be extended to produce circularly polarized few-fs pulses further into the vacuum ultraviolet, and few to sub-fs circularly polarized pulses in the near infrared.
3D printed on-chip microtoroid resonators and nested spiral photonic devices
Authors: Gao Hongwei , Chen George F. R. , Xing Peng , Choi Ju Won , Tan Dawn T. H. 
Published: July 2021

An integrated polymer microtoroid resonator system fabricated using single-step, two-photon polymerization laser lithography is reported. The integrated microtoroid-waveguide system includes an integrated coupling waveguide for ease of optical coupling and has a quality factor of 16,000. We further demonstrate a nested double-spiral waveguide that allows higher spatial density of data, akin to a macroscopic form of space-division multiplexing. Experimental characterization reveals good transmission properties in the double-spiral waveguide device. In addition, the waveguides are demonstrated to support 30 Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero and 28 Gb/s pulse amplitude modulation 4 high-speed data.
Ultrastable Gd3+ doped CsPbCl1.5Br1.5 nanocrystals blue glass for regulated and low thresholds amplified spontaneous emission
Authors: He Qingyun , Mei Enrou , Wang Ze , Liang Xiaojuan , Chen Suqin , Xiang Weidong 
Published: July 2021

Here, Gd-doped

CsPbCl

1.5

Br

1.5

nanocrystals (NCs) in borosilicate glass matrix (

B

2

O

3

−

SiO

2

−
ZnO

) were prepared by melting quenching and in-situ crystallization. The optical performance of

CsPbCl

1.5

Br

1.5

NCs glasses under different heat-treatment temperatures and the content of

Gd

3
+

were analyzed in detail. After

CsPbCl

1.5

Br

1.5

NCs glass is doped with

Gd

3
+

ions, the photoluminescence intensity increases and the synthesized Gd-doped

CsPbCl

1.5

Br

1.5

NCs glasses have excellent water stability and thermal cycling performance. In addition, the influence of Gd-doped concentrations and heat-treatment temperatures on the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) thresholds of

CsPbCl

1.5

Br

1.5

NCs glasses was studied, and the Gd-doped

CsPbCl

1.5

Br

1.5

NCs glasses achieve controllable ASE thresholds at room temperature. The ASE threshold can be as low as

0.39

mJ
/
cm

2

. This work offers a neoteric reference for the research in the application of metal ion-doped perovskite NCs and a new idea for the realization of controllable and low ASE thresholds on perovskite NCs.
Generating heralded single photons with a switchable orbital angular momentum mode
Authors: Zhang Shan , Li Shikang , Feng Xue , Cui Kaiyu , Liu Fang , Zhang Wei , Huang Yidong 
Published: July 2021

The orbital angular momentum (OAM) carried by photons defines an infinitely dimensional discrete Hilbert space. With OAM modes, high-dimensional quantum states can be achieved for quantum communication and cryptography. Here we demonstrate a heralded single-photon source with a switchable OAM mode, which consists of a heralded single-photon source and an integrated OAM emitter as the mode converter. As the first step, the heralded single-photon source is based on the dispersion-shifted fiber. In this work, the OAM mode (quantized by topological charge

l

) carried by the heralded single photon (at fixed wavelength of 1555.75 nm) can be switched within the range of

l
=
3
–
7

while the mode purity is more than 80%.
Management of residents in difficulty in a Swiss general internal medicine outpatient clinic: Change is necessary!
Authors: Lanier Cédric , Muller-Juge Virginie , Dominicé Dao Melissa , Gaspoz Jean-Michel , Junod Perron Noëlle , Audétat Marie-Claude 
Published: July 2021

Aims of the study
Residents in difficulty are a major cause for concern in medical education, with a prevalence of 7–15%. They are often detected late in their training and cannot make use of remediation plans. Nowadays, most training hospitals in Switzerland do not have a specific program to identify and manage residents in difficulty. The aim of the study was to explore the challenges perceived by physicians regarding the process of identifying, diagnosing, and supporting residents in difficulty in a structured and programmatic way. We explored perceptions of physicians at different hierarchical levels (residents (R), Chief residents (CR), attending physicians (A), Chief Physician (CP)) in order to better understand these challenges.

Methods
We conducted an exploratory qualitative study between December 2015 and July 2016. We asked volunteers from the Primary Care Division of the Geneva University Hospitals to partake to three focus groups (with CR, A, R) and one interview with the division’s CP. We transcribed, coded, and qualitatively analyzed the three focus groups and the interview, using a content thematic approach and Fishbein’s conceptual framework.

Results
We identified similarities and differences in the challenges of the management of residents in difficulty on a programmatic way amongst physicians of different hierarchical levels.
Our main findings:

Supervisors (CR, A, CP) have good identification skills of residents in difficulty, but they did not put in place systematic remediation strategies.
Supervisors (CR, A) were concerned about managing residents in difficulty. They were aware of the possible adverse effects on patient care, but “feared to harm” resident’s career by documenting a poor institutional assessment.
Residents “feared to share” their own difficulties with their supervisors. They thought that it would impact their career negatively.
The four physician’s hierarchical level reported environmental constraints (lack of funding, time constraint, lack of time and resources…).

Conclusion
Our results add two perspectives to specialized recommendations regarding the implementation of remediation programs for residents in difficulty. The first revolves around the need to identify and fully understand not only the beliefs but also the implicit norms and the feeling of self-efficacy that are shared by teachers and that are likely to motivate them to engage in the management of residents in difficulty. The second emphasizes the importance of analyzing these elements that constitute the context for a change and of identifying, in close contact with the heads of the institutions, which factors may favor or hinder it. This research action process has fostered awareness and discussions at different levels. Since then, various actions and processes have been put in place at the Faculty of Medicine in Geneva.
Study on prevalence of suicidal ideation and risk factors of suicide among patients visiting psychiatric OPD at Shree Birendra Hospital, Kathmandu Nepal
Authors: Katuwal Nagendra , Shrestha Dhan Bahadur , Adhikari Suman Prasad , Oli Prakash Raj , Budhathoki Pravash , Amatya Richa , Pradhan Monalisha , Adhikari Bibhuti 
Published: July 2021

Introduction
Suicide is a global public health issue. Several environmental, psychosocial, behavioral factors along with physical, sexual, and emotional abuse have been associated with suicidal ideation and attempts. Childhood physical, sexual abuse, and health risk behaviors are also associated with suicidal attempts. The suicidal ideation prevalence varied from 1 to 20% and it varied with study population, geography, age group, gender, and other factors. The Beck suicidal ideation scale is an effective tool for assessing the major suicidal ideation with a six cut-off score.

Materials and method
160 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled into this cross-sectional study after random sampling among the patients visiting the Psychiatric OPD of Shree Birendra Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. The Semi-Structured Interview Schedule (SSIS), Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSS), and Kuppuswamy’s Scale were used to collect the data from the patients enrolled in the study. The Chi-square test and binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify and differentiate the factors associated with high suicidal risk.

Results
Out of total 160 patients, 65% (n = 104) were female, 92.5% (n = 148) were married, 61.9% (n = 99) were residing in urban area, 93.1% (n = 148) were Hindus, 74.4% (n = 119) patients were living in the nuclear family, 5% (n = 8) patients had family history of psychiatric illness and 10.6% (n = 17) patients were using the substance of abuse. In the Beck scale for suicidal ideation questionnaire, 87.5% (n = 140) patients had moderate to strong wish to live, 89.4% (n = 143) patients responded as they would take precautions to save a life, 88.8% (n = 142) patients had such ideation/wish for brief, 96.3% (n = 154) had not considered for specificity/planning of contemplated suicidal attempt, 91.9% (n = 147) patients stated that they would not attempt active suicide because of a deterrent example from family, religion, irreversibility of the act and 98.1% (n = 157) patients had revealed ideas of deception/concealment of contemplated suicide openly. 16.9% (n = 27) of participants were categorized as high risk for suicide while 83.1% (n = 133) patients were as a low-risk category for suicide based on the Beck scale for suicidal ideation scoring.

Conclusion
In conclusion, this study found that most of the suicidal attempts were done as an act of impulse and it is higher among female and married individuals residing in the urban areas. This study did not establish any statistically significant association or differences among independent variables with the higher risk scoring in the Beck suicidal ideation scale.
La repercusión de las ampliaciones al Este en la Seguridad y Defensa de la UE
Authors: Abad Quintanal Gracia 
Published: July 2021

Si bien es innegable que la incorporación a la Unión Europea de algunos de los antiguos miembros del Pacto de Varsovia ha derivado también en una diversidad aún mayor de planteamientos y percepciones que hacen aún más difícil, si cabe, el progreso de la integración en un ámbito que se ha revelado como especialmente sensible desde un primer momento, el de la seguridad y la defensa, no es menos cierto que el nuevo contexto estratégico resultante del fin de la Guerra Fría supuso un impulso a la cooperación en este ámbito. Con todo, es evidente que la ampliación de la organización ha condicionado algunos de los planteamientos de la UE respecto de determinadas cuestiones y de manera especial:

La aproximación que debe adoptar y mantener la UE respecto de la Federación Rusa y sus políticas y movimientos estratégicos.
La posición que debe adoptar la UE respecto de los conflictos (des)congelados en Europa: Kosovo, Georgia y Ucrania.

Con vistas a analizar estas cuestiones, este trabajo revisará la evolución de la cooperación en materia de seguridad y defensa en el seno de la UE desde el final de la Guerra Fría, analizará lo que la ampliación al este ha supuesto tanto para la Unión como para los nuevos miembros, especialmente en materia de seguridad y defensa, y profundizará en cómo dicha ampliación ha condicionado la implicación de la UE en algunos de los conflictos surgidos desde el fin de la Guerra Fría.
Isabel I de Inglaterra
Authors: Corredoira Rodríguez Beatriz 
Published: July 2021

Isabel I fue y sigue siendo una de las figuras más célebres y admiradas de la historia de Inglaterra. Se trató de una gobernante cuyo reinado, aunque exitoso (al guiar a su pueblo hacia lo que se conocería como “la edad de oro”), estuvo colmado de retos, muchos de ellos cimentados en la construcción social del género.
En este trabajo se busca analizar tanto su vida como su reinado, bajo uno de los enfoques que más importancia ha cobrado en el estudio de la historia durante las últimas décadas: el feminismo. De esta forma, se presentará la importancia de la relación entre historia y feminismo, así como una serie de conceptos clave con los que se podrá analizar tanto la influencia que tuvieron varias figuras clave en la formación de la “Reina Virgen” como la complejidad de la cuestión matrimonial para una reina con estatus de hombre honorario.
Intensification process in thyme essential oil nanoemulsion preparation based on subcritical water as green solvent and six different emulsifiers
Authors: Ahmadi Omid , Jafarizadeh-Malmiri Hoda 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In order to alter the solubility and bioavailability of various functional lipids and plant essential oils (EOs), it is possible to prepare their oil in water (O/W) nanoemulsions. Thyme O/W nanoemulsions were prepared under subcritical water conditions (at 120°C and pressure of 1.5 atm for 2 h), using Tween 20, Tween 80, saponin, Arabic gum, xanthan gum, and sodium caseinate as emulsifiers. Results indicated that nanoemulsions with minimum mean droplet size of 11.5 and 12.6 nm were produced using Tween 20 and 80, respectively. Moreover, nanoemulsions with minimum polydispersity index (0.139) and maximum mean value of zeta potential (−24.5 mV) were provided utilizing xanthan gum and saponin, respectively. Results also revealed that the prepared nanoemulsions using saponin had maximum antioxidant activity based on percentage of scavenging ability (40.6%) and bactericidal effects against Streptococcus mutans as manifested in the formed clear zone (diameter of 21 mm). Morphological assessment of all the prepared nanoemulsions demonstrated that spherical thyme nanodroplets were formed in the colloidal solutions which revealed that all the prepared nanoemulsions had high thermodynamic stability due to the minimum surface energy level of the formed nanodroplets. This can increase applications of the prepared thyme O/W nanoemulsions in the aqueous food and pharmaceutical formulations.
Robust decentralized model predictive load-frequency control design for time-delay renewable power systems
Authors: Magdy Gaber , Bakeer Abualkasim , Alhasheem Mohammed 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A robust decentralized model predictive control (DMPC) design is proposed for frequency stability of hybrid renewable power systems considering high renewables energy penetration and nonlinearity effects. The Egyptian power system (EPS) considered as a test system comprises both traditional power stations (i.e., steam, gas, combined cycle, and hydraulic power plants) and renewable energy sources (RESs). Where the considered RESs contain both the wind power generated from Zafarana and Gabel El-Zeit wind farms and the solar power generated from Benban solar park, which is considered one of the world’s largest photovoltaic (PV) plants. To obtain an accurate insight into a real modern power system, this research takes into account the effects of the important nonlinearity such as generation rate constraints (GRCs), governor deadband (GDB), and communication time delay (CTD). The designed control is set based on the DMPC for each subsystem independently to ensure the frequency stability of the whole system as each subsystem has different characteristics and operating constraints than the others. Moreover, the decentralized control scheme has become imperative for large power systems due to the high cost of transmitting data over long distances and the probability of error occurrence with the centralized control scheme. To verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed DMPC for the EPS, it is compared with the centralized MPC (CMPC) scheme in different operating conditions. The simulation results, which are conducted using MATLAB/SIMULINK® software, emphasized that the proposed DMPC scheme can effectively handle several load disturbances, high uncertainty in the system parameters, and random communication delays. Hence, it can regulate the grid frequency and ensure the robust performance of the studied renewable power system with high RESs penetration and maximum communication delays in the system.
Effects of sleeve gastrectomy on neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio
Authors: Bulur Oktay , Öztürk Doğan , Ertuğrul Derun Taner , Sayın Selim , Asiltürk Zeliha , Dal Kürşat , Şahin Mutlu , Buluş Hakan , Uzman Metin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Obesity and related diseases have become one of the most important health problems in the modern age. In addition to its clinical use in the treatment of obesity, bariatric surgery reduces obesity-induced inflammation. Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a cheap and easily attainable inflammatory marker. The purpose of this study is to show the effect of bariatric surgery on NLR at preoperative and postoperative 3rd, 6th, and 12th months after SG.

Methods
298 patients, who underwent sleeve gastrectomy (SG) in general surgery clinic between 2015 and 2017, were included in the study. We excluded the patients younger than 18 years old, and did not have any inflammatory, infectious, hematological, and comorbide diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, ischemic heart disease, hypertension, renal insufficiency, cancer, and respiratory problems like asthma, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. We evaluated the levels of NLR at preoperative and postoperative 3rd, 6th, and 12th months visits.

Results
There were a total of 298 adult patients (age: mean 38.6, minimum 18, maximum 69 years old). Of whom 247 were female (82.9%) and 51 were male (17.1%). We found that NLR levels decreased significantly at 3rd, 6th, and 12th month visits after SG (p<0.001).

Conclusions
We concluded that NLR levels decrease after surgery in a proportional reduction in adipose tissue. The decrease in NLR levels may also be associated with the protective effects of sleeve gastrectomy against low-grade inflammation-related diseases.
Levetiracetam exposure during prenatal and postnatal period induces cognitive decline in rat offsprings, not completely prevented by Bacopa monnieri
Authors: Sudhishma  , Devadasa Acharya Sahana , Ullal Sheetal D. , Blossom Vandana , Parida Amrita , Noushida Nadira 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Levetiracetam (LEV) is an antiepileptic recommended during pregnancy. Bacopa monneri is a medicinal herb used in Ayurveda for improvement of cognition. Data on effects of LEV and Bacopa on cognition is inadequate. The study evaluated the cognitive effects of LEV on rat offspring of dams exposed to LEV and whether pretreatment with Bacopa monnieri, inhibits the potential cognitive decline by LEV.

Methods
Pregnant rats were allocated into four groups of three rats each. Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 received 2% gum acacia, LEV 270 mg/kg, LEV 270 mg/kg + Bacopa 100 mg/kg and LEV 270 mg/kg + Bacopa 200 mg/kg respectively during pregnancy and lactation. Three pups from all dams were chosen at random and exposed to passive avoidance, Hebb-Williams and Morris water maze tests to check for their cognition and relevant histopathology was done.

Results
In the passive avoidance model groups 3 and 4, showed an increase in escape latency compared with group 2, demonstrating an improved learning (p=0.05). In Hebb-Williams maze, the time taken to reach reward chamber by group 2 increased compared to group 1, p=0.006, showing cognitive decline. Neuronal count in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex decreased significantly in group 2, which improved in group 3 & 4 however there was distortion of architecture in group 4.

Conclusions
LEV exposure in intrauterine and neonatal period induced cognitive decline in rat offsprings and Bacopa 100 mg/kg prevented LEV induced cognitive decline. However safety of exposure to Bacopa during the gestation period has to be evaluated.