bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential Sex Trends in Infant, Neonatal, and Child Mortality Before and After Decentralization in Pakistan
Authors: Ibupoto Mukhtiar Hussain , Shah Athar Ali , Sang Anqi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundDifferential sex child mortality is an important indicator of gender‐based discrimination. Decentralization refers to the distribution of power from the federal to the provincial governments in Pakistan. Present research highlights the sex differential sex trends in infant, neonatal, and child mortality before and after decentralization.MethodologyThe research utilizes the four waves of the Demographic and Health Survey from 1990 to 2018, applying Cox proportional regression in STATA. The sample size includes 164 005 total live births and 24 089 deaths across all years, with 8204 neonatal, 5107 infants, and 11 778 child deaths.ResultsThis study provides crucial insights into the gendered patterns of neonatal, infant, and child mortality in Pakistan before and after key policy reforms. This study reveals persistent gender disparities in neonatal, infant, and child mortality in Pakistan before and after policy reforms. While girls initially had a biological survival advantage, this diminished at higher birth orders, where they faced increased mortality risks. Despite some improvements post‐reform, gender‐based discrimination and son preference continue to disadvantage female children, particularly in larger families.ConclusionThe findings highlight the need for targeted policies to address healthcare inequities and discriminatory practices. Strengthening gender‐sensitive interventions is crucial to improving female child survival and achieving long‐term progress in reducing mortality disparities.
Development of Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta) Facial Musculature: Implications for Macaque Social Behavior Ontogeny
Authors: Pater Jordan T. , Kimock Clare M. , Downing Sarah E. , Waller Bridget M. , Burrows Anne M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTRhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) have long been used as a model for the evolution of some aspects of human social behavior and they are among the most completely understood species of the macaque genus. Rhesus macaques have a despotic dominance hierarchy with a well‐documented facial display repertoire. However, we know little about the ontogenetic changes in gross facial musculature and how this might relate to corresponding facial display behavior. In an effort to illuminate our understanding, we dissected facial masks from 13 M. mulatta cadavers that died naturally, shortly after birth or were stillborn, and we compared these results to those from adult rhesus macaques. Results reveal that, unlike the adults in the present study, infant rhesus macaques have extrinsic external ear muscles and muscles associated with the lower lip that are very gracile and poorly developed. Musculature associated with the upper lip and nares are well developed, individually distinct, and robust, like those of the adults in our sample and adult M. mulatta. However, we were unable to locate the zygomaticus major muscle in any fetal/infant sample. These results may reflect simple variation in mimetic muscle ontogeny, differences related to facial allometry, or they could reflect a behaviorally meaningful adaptation to different life stages of macaque ontogeny.
A Green and Efficient Recycling Strategy for Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries in Neutral Solution Environment
Authors: Xu Zhilong , Ye Long , Yu Yun , Gong Haiqiang , Xiao Zhiming , Ming Lei , Zhang Bao , Yao Zhen , Wang Jiexi , Ou Xing 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTraditional acid or/and ammonia leaching techniques are usually applied to extract valuable metals during hydrometallurgical recovery of spent lithium‐ion batteries. However, the excessive and repeated use of acids and bases inevitably increases the environmental burden and safety threats. Herein, considering the advantages of neutral pH solution system in terms of safety and environmental protection, neutral leaching has been pioneeringly proposed to achieve a low‐cost and harmless hydrometallurgical process. Specifically, benefited from the ligand complexation reaction of glycine, the valuable metals can be efficiently leached within neutral environment. More importantly, a strategy of solid‐solid reduction with primary batteries effect is employed to achieve an efficient neutral leaching within rapid time, breaking through the reaction limitation of shrinking core model. As anticipated, an efficient leaching of 99.99 % Li, 96.86 % Ni, 92.35 % Co, and 90.59 % Mn can be achieved within 15 minutes, which has extended applications for various kinds of layered cathodes. Therefore, it is sturdily confirmed that the intractable problem, the effective extraction is available only under the aggressive acid/alkali‐ion conditions, is well‐solved within a mild leaching atmosphere. This green and efficient strategy in neutral solution environment opens a new pathway to realize the large‐scale pollution‐free recycling of spent batteries.
Leakage Characteristics of Hydrogen Gas Carrying Alkaline Solution
Authors: Feng Wen , Qiu Xiaojun , Li Xiangbin , Lin Jiancheng , Ma Tie , Lyu Xuefeng , Zhang Shucheng 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHydrogen energy, as a green and clean energy source of the 21st century, boasts numerous advantages including excellent combustion performance, no pollution, diverse storage methods, and significant development potential. However, the safety risks associated with hydrogen's combustibility and explosive nature cannot be overlooked. Hydrogen leaks during production and storage pose a serious threat when encountered with an ignition source. To gain a deeper understanding of hydrogen leakage patterns, hydrogen leakage accidents involving alkaline liquid entrainment in typical scenarios of hydrogen production are simulated using the CFD program and analyzed in conjunction with jet theory. The results indicate that the impact of alkaline liquid on hydrogen leakage is primarily in dilution and promotion of dispersion. The concentration of pure hydrogen leakage is generally higher than that of leakage involving alkaline liquid. Under the same break velocity, the range of the combustible zone for leakage involving alkaline liquid is consistent with pure hydrogen leakage in the vertical direction, yet significantly larger in the horizontal direction. Hydrogen leakage involving alkaline liquid also exhibits distinctly different flow patterns at various flow rates. At higher velocities, the overall characteristics are dominated by the momentum jet of hydrogen, presenting a positive buoyant jet flow pattern, whereas at lower velocities, the scenario is dominated by the alkaline liquid, exhibiting a negative buoyant jet flow. The characteristic effects of alkaline liquid on hydrogen also vary with changes in velocity.
Empowering Green Energy: ί‐Carrageenan Based Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Dhanush P. C. , Ismayil  
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis work investigates the potential of ί‐carrageenan, a natural biopolymer, doped with zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate (Zn(Tf)2) (or zinc triflate), to serve as a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) films for zinc ion conducting batteries (ZIBs). The solution casting technique is employed to prepare the electrolyte films. The study focuses on examining the impact of the dopant and its concentration on the electrochemical properties of the polymer. The research verifies the effectiveness of this SPE by incorporating it into a Zn/MnO2 primary cell. The results show that the cell achieved an initial open‐circuit voltage (OCV) of 1.55 V and an initial short‐circuit current (SCC) of 1 mA. Furthermore, the SPE demonstrated a conductivity of 10−5 S cm−1, which is two orders higher than the undoped polymer. This significant improvement in conductivity highlights the potential of ί‐carrageenan doped with zinc triflate as SPE for ZIBs.
Investigation of Critical Success Factors for Sustainable Marketing of Malaysian Manufacturing Small and Medium‐Sized Enterprises: A Multi‐Criteria Decision‐Making Approach
Authors: Ijaz Baig Maria , Yadegaridehkordi Elaheh 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn today's business environment, sustainable marketing has become an essential component for small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) aiming to enhance productivity and maintain competitiveness. However, there is a gap in research regarding the critical factors that contribute to the success of sustainable marketing and the importance and interconnections of these factors from experts' perspectives. Thus, this study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the complex relationships among factors contributing to the success of sustainable marketing strategies within manufacturing companies. This study extracted 19 success factors crucial to sustainable marketing within Malaysian manufacturing SMEs from the literature and thoughtfully categorized them into technology, organization, environment, human, and social groups. Data was gathered from 26 experts in Malaysian SME manufacturing using a questionnaire. The decision‐making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method was employed to identify the significant factors and reveal cause‐and‐effect relationships among them. The findings showed that perceived benefits, sustainable strategy, natural resources protection, IT knowledge and expertise, and customer demands were crucial factors within technology, organization, environment, human, and social groups, respectively. Meanwhile, the environment group was ranked as the most important dimension influencing sustainable marketing. This study provides valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers, offering a foundation to initiate and boost sustainable practices within the organizations.
Noninvasive monitoring of vascular alterations in mice with acute lower limb ischemia using multimodal photoacoustic imaging
Authors: Wang Heng , Fan Keyi , Ning Yijie , Lu Chuanlong , Zhang Yuhang , Wang Qian , Zhang Hongjiu , Li Yaling , Zhang Zeyu , Jia Xiaohua , Yan Sheng , Zhang Ruijing , Dong Honglin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAcute limb ischemia (ALI), especially acute lower limb ischemia (ALLI), is a common clinical vascular emergency with high amputation and mortality rates. However, major challenges exist in rapidly diagnosing and assessing collateral vascular compensatory capacity, leading to appropriate clinical treatment strategies to improve limb preservation and reduce recurrence rates. Traditional imaging methods, such as digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and ultrasound, have high demands on patient kidney function and operator maneuvers and are unable to monitor the temporal and spatial variability of collateral circulation establishment in the limb. In this study, we report the first combined use of real‐time and wide‐field laser speckle imaging (RFLSI), near‐infrared two‐zone imaging (NIR‐II), duplex ultrasound (DUS), and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) for the diagnosis and monitoring of ALLI in male C57 and ICR mice. The RFLSI assesses overall perfusion, the NIR‐II allows rapid diagnosis and monitoring of the establishment of collateral circulation, DUS monitors muscle tenderness and stiffness, and OCTA detects microcirculation in the skin of the limb, which is confirmed by histopathological testing. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate the ability to accurately diagnose and detect ALLI with the help of a variety of optical and acoustic imaging devices, with significant clinical translational implications for intervention in clinical decision‐making preoperatively and prognostic assessment postoperatively.
pH and conductivity transients during elution of IgG from protein A columns
Authors: Hahn Rainer , Berger Lukas , Beck Jürgen , Carta Giorgio 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe evolution of pH and conductivity waves during elution of IgG from protein A columns is studied for the resin MabSelect PrismA as well as other commercial resins using glycine and acetate buffers as eluents. The effects of buffer composition, IgG load, and residence time are explored. For glycine buffers, conductivity and pH waves travel through the column at different speeds, with the conductivity wave emerging in the column void volume and the pH waves emerging in 1 to 6 column volumes (CV) dependent on the buffer composition. The pH effluent temporarily overshoots the feed value, followed by a sharp drop as the pH approaches the eluent pH. For these conditions, elution of IgG is delayed and, at high loads, most of the IgG loaded elutes from the column at high pH values. Complex pH profiles, involving overshoots and delays between conductivity and pH waves are also observed when eluting with dilute sodium acetate (50 mM) or with acetic acid, but to a lesser extent. No overshoots or delays are observed for more concentrated sodium acetate (100 mM). A mechanistic model is developed to predict elution with glycine buffers. Model predictions agree with the experimental trends. In particular, the model shows that when eluting a partially loaded column, IgG desorbed near the column entrance is re‐adsorbed downstream of the pH front eventually emerging at high concentration and high pH. The model can be used to design optimized buffers and predict the pH of the IgG elution pool.
Mechanistic insights into hypoxia‐induced metabolic reprogramming in colorectal cancer through genome‐scale modeling
Authors: Omer Sonal , Sridhar Subasree , Karunagaran D. , Suraishkumar G. K. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe hypoxic colorectal cancer (CRC) microenvironment is a complex niche. Hence, in vivo, the metabolism occurring in the cancer cell is not fully known due to difficulties in estimating metabolic fluxes and metabolite exchanges. Genome‐scale metabolic modeling helps estimate such metabolic fluxes to gain insights into the metabolic behavior of individual cancer cell types under various tumor microenvironments (TME). We developed a simplified approach to apply proteomics data‐based enzyme usage constraints and integrated reactive species (RS) reactions in a context‐specific genome‐scale metabolic model (GSMM) of HCT116, a CRC cell line. The combined modeling approach reproduced several phenotypes of HCT116 under hypoxia such as the Warburg effect. The integration of the RS module with the hypoxic HCT116 context‐specific GSMM highlighted the hypoxia‐mediated dysregulation occurring in important metabolic pathways such as hyaluronan metabolism in which 80% of the reactions from the total reactions corresponding to this metabolic pathway were dysregulated. Similarly, 23% of reactions in the urea cycle, 26% of reactions in eicosanoid metabolism and 38% of reactions in glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism were dysregulated.
Incorporation of Nettle (Urtica dioica L.) Hydrophilic Actives in Alginate Beads: Design of Formulation, Encapsulation Efficiency, Antioxidant Activity and Characterization of Beads
Authors: Toprakçı Gizem , Toprakçı İrem , Şahin Selin 
Published: February 2025

In this study, nettle (Urtica dioica L.) bioactives was extracted using an environmentally friendly method, and then encapsulated in alginate via ionic gelation. The research aimed to optimize encapsulation efficiency (EE), antioxidant activity (in vitro DPPH scavenging activity), and bead morphology (sphericity factor (SF) and the roundness (Rn)) with Box‐Behnken design under Response Surface Method (RSM) based on 3 parameters (CaCl2 and sodium alginate concentration, and time). The optimal points were determined as almost 12% CaCl2, 2% alginate and 10 min for bead hardening in order to obtain the best quality product (31.52 % of EE, 7.31 mg‐TEAC/g‐DB of antioxidant activity, 0.01 of SF and 0.804 of Rn). The most critical factor of EE and Rn was hardening time at p<0.0001, while sodium alginate concentration was the most significant factor for antioxidant activity and SF at p<0.0001. The findings demonstrate that the proposed method is practical and efficient in producing nearly spherical and stable beads with significant antioxidant properties. This work highlights the potential for alginate‐based microencapsulation to enhance the stability and functionality of plant‐derived bioactives.
Prenylated Chalcones from Roots of Kidney Vetch (Anthyllis vulneraria L.) with Anti‐proliferative Activity
Authors: Lorenz Peter , Conrad Jürgen , Klaiber Iris , Mailänder Lilo K. , Gazafroudi Khadijeh Nosrati , Stintzing Florian C. , Kammerer Dietmar R. , Ablinger Celina C. , Huber-Cantonati Petra C. 
Published: February 2025

Kidney vetch (Anthyllis vulneraria L.) is an old medicinal plant, which is mostly known from ethnomedicine. Nowadays, its herbal parts are only scarcely used in phytotherapy, whereas medicinal applications of root parts have not been reported so far. In this study we investigated ethyl acetate extracts, obtained from A. vulneraria roots. A completely different metabolite profile compared to that of aerial parts was detected by HPLC‐ESI‐(HR)MSn , mainly prenylated chalcones, flavones, isoflavones and cinnamic acids . Two main chalcones (23 and 24) were isolated from the EtOAc extracts by preparative chromatography. Based on 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR data 24 was assigned to the known compound kanzonol C, while 23 as a novel chalcone. Moreover, anti‐proliferative activities of the EtOAc extract and of isolated chalcones were investigated in different liver, breast, and thyroid carcinoma cell lines. Interestingly, the EtOAc extract and 24 exhibited the most pronounced decrease of cell viability in the MDA‐MB468 breast carcinoma cell line with an IC50 value of 5.97 µM. Two synthetic derivatives of 24 (hexahydro‐ and triacetyl kanzonol, 30, 31, respectively), 23 and isobavachalcone 18 were less active . Thus, the prenylated chalcones in A. vulneraria roots appear to be promising lead structures for further anti‐proliferative studies.
Beyond Phenolics: Alternative Substrates for Type III Copper Enzymes
Authors: Pretzler Matthias , Rompel Annette 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe type III copper enzyme family of tyrosinases (TYRs) catalyzes the ortho‐hydroxylation and oxidation of phenols as well as the two‐electron oxidation of catechols to ortho‐quinones. TYRs use copper ions as their tightly bound cofactors and utilize molecular oxygen as their cosubstrate. They are responsible for physiologically important reactions like the formation of melanin, the primary pigment animals apply for protection against UV light. While the reactivity of TYRs on substrates containing aromatic hydroxy groups (i. e. phenols) is well recognized, reports clearly demonstrating that TYRs are active on aromatic amines as well have gone largely unnoticed. In this perspective we aim to bring together the sparse data on non‐phenolic TYR substrates to illustrate the potential of TYRs for the oxidation of aminophenols and anilines. The activity of TYRs on aromatic amines extends the substance classes amenable to biotechnological production with TYRs from catechols to N‐phenyl imines and phenoxazinone derivates and calls for the inclusion of TYRs among the candidates for oxidative modification of aromatic amines in metabolic pathways.
Development of Acid‐Functionalized Molecularly Imprinted Phenolic Resin for Chiral Recognition of S‐Venlafaxine
Authors: Alnoman Rua B. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis article reports the synthesis of a molecularly imprinted phenolic formaldehyde resin for the selective recognition of the cationic S‐enantiomer of venlafaxine. The resin was developed through the condensation polymerization of p‐hydroxybenzoic acid (4‐HBA) and 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) with formaldehyde in an acidic medium. The resultant polymer was reduced to introduce amino groups into the polymer to obtain a dual‐functional resin with amino and carboxylic groups (CA‐P). After the uptake of S‐VF, glutaraldehyde cross‐linking stabilized the resin and formed its enantioselective cavities. Adsorption studies showed that optimum conditions occurred at pH 7, whereas the maximum adsorption capacity was 420 mg/g according to the Langmuir isotherm. The selectivity coefficient of S‐VF‐IP was 13 times that of NIP, confirming that the imprinting process indeed occurred. Chiral separation experiments using the SV‐imprinted polymer (S‐VF‐IP) column resulted in 98% enantiomeric excess for R‐VF, whereas the respective NIP did not provide any enantioselectivity. These results show a great possibility of the developed resin in efficient enantioselective separation and offer a promising method for the purification of chiral drugs from racemic mixtures in pharmaceutical applications.
Chiral Porous Frameworks for Enantioselective Separation and Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Yan Bing , Song Jin‐Hui , Zhang Da‐Long , Guan Zong‐Jie , Fang Yu 
Published: February 2025

Comprehensive SummaryThe preparation and resolution of chiral molecules hold significant importance in scientific and industrial domains, such as drug development and manufacturing. In recent years, chiral porous frameworks have attracted increasing attention in asymmetric catalysis and enantiomer resolution due to their excellent performance. The metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), porous organic cages (POCs), and porous coordination cages (PCCs) are important representative of the porous framework family. Significantly, chirality can be easily introduced into these framework materials through simple bottom‐up or post‐modification methods, thereby promoting their applications related to chirality. In this review, we systematically summarize the synthesis strategies of four classes of chiral framework materials and their applications in asymmetric catalysis and enantiomeric resolution. Finally, we present some perspectives on the future development in chiral porous frameworks.
Key ScientistsSignificant progress has been made in the development of chiral porous frameworks, primarily driven by the application of chiral molecules. This area of research has seen contributions from many distinguished scientists. A particularly important milestone was reached in 2000, when Kimoon Kim reported the first catalytic Chiral Metal‐Organic Framework (CMOF). In 2001, Lin et al. reported a new generation of recyclable CMOF capable of chiral separation and heterogeneous catalysis. Simultaneously, researchers such as Cui and Duan have made substantial contributions, advancing the field considerably. Furthermore, notable developments have been made in the area of Chiral Covalent Organic Frameworks (CCOFs), with pioneering work by researchers like Jiang, Wang, and Cui. Meanwhile, some groups such as Su and Li have made significant strides in the chiral cages. These remarkable accomplishments have drawn considerable interest.