bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation of Inverted Locomotion Gait for Multi-Legged Robots Using a Spherical Magnet Joint and Adjustable Sleeve
Authors: Sison Harn , Ratsamee Photchara , Higashida Manabu , Uranashi Yuki , Haruo Takemura 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a design and an implementation of spherical magnet joint (SMJ) - based gait generation for inverted locomotion of multi-legged robots. A spherical permanent magnet is selected to generate a consistent attractive force for the robot to perform inverted locomotion under steel structures. Additionally, the tip of the robot's foot is designed as a ball-joint mechanism to give flexibility to the foot placement at any angle between the tip and surfaces. We also propose an adjustable sleeve mechanism to detach the tip of the foot during locomotion by creating a fulcrum point during the tilt and pull step. As a result, the reaction force can be reduced according to sleeve diameter. Experimental results show that the presented load decreased by 46% from direct pulling with the adjustable sleeve mechanism. For inverted locomotion, a quadruped robot and a hexapod robot were constructed to represent the predominant type of multi-legged robot. We integrated the SMJ and the adjustable sleeve on both robots and performed the inverted locomotion with a crawling gait, a trotting gait, a square gait, and a tripod gait. Our analysis demonstrates the characteristics of each gait in terms of velocity, stability, guaranteeing the versatility of our proposed SMJ, which can be applied to different types of legged robots.
Lipid Raft Microdomains of Bladder Epithelial Cells Regulates Apoptosis and Microenvironment Upon Exposure to C. albicans
Authors: Kim Jayoung , Yeon Austin , Ahmed Khandakar , Zhang Wei , Kim Khae-Hawn , Kim Woong-Ki 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
INTRODUCTION. Interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC) is characterized by chronic bladder pain and urinary storage symptoms. IC affects more than 3.3 million women in the U.S. alone. Ibis T-5000 assays and next generation sequencing have revealed that the C. albicans fungus is highly abundant in the urine of IC patients, particularly those who report greater pain, urinary urgency, and flares. However, currently, the clinical significance of C. albicans in the urine remains elusive. Here, we report the pathological effects and mechanisms triggered by C. albicans in a healthy normal bladder.
METHODS. Immortalized bladder epithelial cells were infected with C. albicans. Perturbations in gene expression were identified using an Affymetrix gene microarray and subsequently followed with bioinformatic analyses, including gene set enrichment. Inflammatory and apoptotic genes were quantified using RT-PCR and Western blot analyses.Central signal pathways were examined using Western blot analysis.
RESULTS. DNA microarray analysis showed alterations in the transcriptome of bladder epithelial cells infected with C. albicans over both the short and long terms. Key inflammatory and apoptosis networks were changed, which was consistent with several cellular events. Cellular levels of reactive oxygen species and nitrogen oxide increased after infection. Productions of cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandine E2 also increased after C. albicans infection, and their productions were suppressed by blockage of reactive oxygen species-epidermal growth factor receptor-Erk pathway.
CONCLUSIONS. This study provides evidence that C. albicans infection triggers inflammation and cellular damage by dysregulating key regulatory genes, signaling pathways, and bioactive species in normal bladder cells.
Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transfected with Survinvin Gene Protect Kidney from ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Rats
Authors: Xiaofeng Yang , Wang Qianqian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the survival ability of bone marrow Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transfected with survinvin gene in the microenvironment of renal ischemia,and to study the ability and mechanism of repairing renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Method: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow of male Sprague–Dawley rat were infected with the self‐inactive lentiviral vector and transfected with the Survinvin gene recombinant vector and then EGFP-tagged. After amplification and culture, they were detected by green fluorescence and then retained.48 specific pathogen-free C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 4 groups of 12 each. Rats in the control group were only surgically exposed. The other 3 groups were surgically exposed and the bilateral renal arteries were clamped for 45 minutes to restore blood supply, and models of renal ischemia-reperfusion were established. There were control group,ischemia reperfusion group(Marked as IR group), empty virus transfection transplantation group(Marked as MSCs group) or survinvin gene transfection transplantation group(Marked as SVV/MSCs group), and sequentially injected with normal saline,normal saline,1×106 MSCs infected with the self‐inactive lentiviral vector or 1×106 survivin gene-expressing MSCs. At different time points of 1d, 3d, 7d, 14d, collect serum to test blood urea nitrogen detection, to cut the rat kidney section for quantitative analysis, HE staining to observe renal issues changes and the degree of renal tubular damage and IL-10 by using ELISA detection. Result: The MSCs with resuscitation and expansion culture had strong proliferation and good fluorescence. The creatinine urea nitrogen level in the MSCs group and SVV/MSCs group was significantly lower than that in the IR group and control group (p<0.01 or p<0.05). The pathological damage score of HE staining in the kidney was lighter in the stem cell transplantation group, and the SVV/MSCs group was significantly lower than the other two groups (p<0.01 or p<0.05). On the 3rd and 14th day, the number of transplanted cells in the kidney tissue was much higher in the SVV/MSCs group than in the MSCs group. The MSCs expressing EGFP were mainly distributed around the glomerulus, the small vessel inner wall, and the interstitial between the renal tubule and the renal tubule. However, MSCs expressing EGFP were hardly seen on the inner wall of the renal tubule. The levels of protective factors IL-10 increased after renal ischemic injury. SVV/MSCs group was also significantly more than IR group or MSCs group (P<0.01 or p<0.05). And there was no statistical difference from the normal control group on the 14th day.Conclusion: Transfection of Survinifin gene can increase the survival ability of MSCs in ischemic kidney. After transplantation, MSCs are not directly differentiated into injured tubular endothelial cells, which further promote the repair of kidney damage through its strong paracrine effect.
Piezo1 is the cardiac mechanosensor that initiates the hypertrophic response to pressure overload
Authors: Yu Ze-Yan , Gong Hutao , Kesteven Scott , Guo Yang , Wu Jianxin , Li Jinyuan , Iismaa Siiri , Kaidonis Xenia , Graham Robert , Cox Charles , Feneley Michael , Martinac Boris 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy is a maladaptive response with poor outcomes and limited treatment options. The transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) ion channel is key to activation of a Ca2+-calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII)-dependent hypertrophic signalling pathway after pressure overload, but TRPM4 is neither stretch-activated nor Ca2+-permeable. Here we show that Piezo1, which is both stretch-activated and Ca2+-permeable, is the mechanosensor that transduces increased myocardial forces into the chemical signal that initiates hypertrophic signalling via TRPM4. Cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Piezo1 in adult mice prevented activation of CaMKII and inhibited the hypertrophic response: residual hypertrophy was associated with calcineurin activation in the absence of its usual inhibition by activated CaMKII. Piezo1 deletion prevented upregulation of the sodium-calcium exchanger and downregulation of the T-type calcium channel after pressure overload. These findings establish Piezo1 as the cardiomyocyte mechanosensor that instigates the maladaptive hypertrophic response to pressure overload, opening an avenue to novel therapies.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Venezuela (#CCG)
Authors: Cannone Carla , Allington Lucy , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Howells Mark , Walker Miriam Zachau , Ahsan Aniq , Charbonnier Flora , Halloran Claire , Hirmer Stephanie , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Rogner Holger , Quirós-Tortós Jairo , Angulo-Paniagua Jam 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to energy system modelling, causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Venezuela, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Chlorpyrifos and Dichlorvos in Combined Exposure Reveals Antagonistic Interaction to Freshwater Fish Mrigal, Cirrhinus mrigala
Authors: Kunwar Prabesh Singh , Sapkota Bhawani , Badu Samikshya , Parajuli Kusum , Sinha Amit , De Boeck Gudrun , Sapkota Kumar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Toxicity imposed by organophosphate pesticides to the freshwater cultivable fish species mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) was assessed under laboratory conditions. Healthy juveniles were exposed to chlorpyrifos, dichlorvos, and their equitoxic mixture in geometric series. Median lethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos were found to be 0.906 (0.689–1.179), 0.527 (0.433–0.633), 0.435 (0.366–0.517) and 0.380 (0.319–0.450) mg/L and dichlorvos were found to be 38.432 (33.625–47.866), 22.477 (19.047–26.646), 12.442 (9.619–14.196) and 11.367 (9.496–13.536) mg/L after 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h of exposure respectively. Surprisingly, the joint toxicity of these organophosphates in the binary mixture was less than additive during most of the exposure periods. Behavioral changes exhibited by pesticide exposed fish were elevated opercular beatings, loss of equilibrium, loss of schooling behavior, aggregating at corners of the test chamber, slight color changes, surplus mucus secretion, and sudden and rapid body movements before death. Such behavioral studies can be applied as a non-invasive bio-monitoring tool for water quality assessment for fish growth and development. Despite the same mode of action of both pesticides, the antagonistic action in the binary mixture is an interesting outcome of this research that requires further investigation for a lucid understanding of the joint toxicity mechanism of such pesticides.
Efficacy of combined use of Xuebijing and ulinastatin for paraquat poisoning: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: xu yuqiong , Ding Xiaoyan , Li Rui , Long Xiang , Huang Wendi , Ding Jiezhu , Xu Yuqiong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: There are no clinically effective antidotes for paraquat poisoning, which progresses rapidly with a poor prognosis and high mortality. The addition of Xuebijing (XBJ) and ulinastatin (UTI) combination to conventional therapy has been reported as a novel treatment approach.Objective: To compare the effectiveness of Xuebijing combined with ulinastatin and conventional treatment group in the treatment of paraquat poisoning.Methods: The CNKI, VIP, WanFang, PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE databases were searched for publications on randomized controlled clinical trials that compared the XBJ+UTI combination as an additional treatment to conventional therapy versus conventional therapy alone.Results: Quality assessment of the selected publications was performed and data were extracted for analysis. The final analysis included five publications, reporting 588 patients with paraquat poisoning. The control and XBJ+UTI groups comprised 294 patients each; 138 and 100 patients in the control and conventional therapy plus XBJ+UTI groups died, respectively. The combined analysis showed that the mortality relative risk (RR) was 0.72 and I2 was 46.2%. Three publications reported of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), in which 134 patients were included in each of the control and XBJ+UTI groups. MODS occurred in 117 and 88 patients in the control and conventional therapy plus XBJ+UTI groups, respectively. The combined analysis using the random-effects model showed that the RR was 0.75 and I2 was 0.0%. PF occurred in 99 and 68 patients in the control and conventional therapy plus XBJ+UTI groups, respectively. The combined analysis using the random-effects model showed that the RR was 0.69 and I2 was 0.0%.Conclusions: We preliminarily demonstrated that compared with those of conventional therapy alone, the addition of XBJ+UTI combination for the treatment of paraquat poisoning could reduce the mortality rate and incidence of MODS and PF.
GRAVIDEZ NA ADOLESCÊNCIA: UMA ANÁLISE DO PERFIL DAS ADOLESCENTES ASSISTIDAS EM HOSPITAL ESCOLA NA CIDADE DE MACEIÓ-AL
Authors: Vasconcelos de Carvalho Renata , Carvalho Miranda Isis , Da Rocha Moraes Antônio Carlos , Gomes Alvim Ronaldo 
Published: September 2021

Introdução: A adolescência é um período curto, porém é nela que ocorrem mudanças biológicas, físicas e psicológicas determinantes na busca da autoafirmação e que podem acarretar complicações no ciclo de vida. A gravidez vista nesta etapa é uma realidade no Brasil e, apesar de susceptível em qualquer classe social, os fatores econômico e social são determinantes nos índices estatísticos. Objetivo: Analisar o perfil das adolescentes que utilizam os serviços do ambulatório e enfermaria de obstetrícia do Hospital Veredas, identificar os fatores que levaram a uma maternidade precoce, as relações sociais, familiares e escolares das adolescentes, além das suas expectativas futuras na construção afetiva da relação mãe-filho e dos possíveis riscos gerados à saúde de ambos. Metodologia: Pesquisa analítica, individual, transversal e observacional, com dados coletados através de análise de prontuários para seleção da amostra e entrevistas com as gestantes do ambulatório e enfermaria de obstetrícia do Hospital Veredas, Maceió-AL, entre Janeiro de 2020 e Novembro de 2020. Resultados e Discussão: Das adolescentes analisadas, 52,3% eram menores de idade, dado significativo que demonstra a natureza social destas gestações. Quando questionadas sobre sua percepção quanto a gestação, 57,5% declararam que se tratava de uma gravidez indesejada, informação que associada a narrativa dessas mulheres, demonstra que a gravidez associada a ausência de uma rede de apoio, agrava sua rejeição, refletindo em um isolamento e dificuldade de aceitação. Pode-se constatar através de análise inferencial que uma tendência das adolescentes etilistas evoluírem com gestações pré-termo (tempo de gestação < 37 semanas) e recém-nascidos prematuros. Conclusões: Através da análise dos dados e da bibliografia analisada, nota-se que a gravidez na adolescência é uma realidade no município de Maceió, e permanece um importante problema de saúde pública gerando impactos negativos nos aspectos sociais, econômicos e nos indicadores de saúde dessas jovens.

Palavras-Chave: Família; Gravidez na adolescência; Sexualidade.
Drug Treatment of Epilepsy: From Serendipitous Discovery to Evolutionary
Mechanisms
Authors: Lou Shengying , Cui Sunliang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract:
Epilepsy is a chronic brain disorder caused by the abnormal firing of neurons.
Up to now, the use of antiepileptic drugs is the main method of epilepsy treatment. The
development of antiepileptic drugs lasted for centuries. In general, most agents entering
clinical practice act on the balance mechanisms of brain “excitability-inhibition”. More
specifically, they target voltage-gated ion channels, GABAergic transmission and glutamatergic
transmission. In recent years, some novel drugs representing new mechanisms
of action have been discovered. Although there are about 30 available drugs in the market,
it is still in urgent need of discovering more effective and safer drugs. The development
of new antiepileptic drugs is into a new era: from serendipitous discovery to evolutionary
mechanism-based design. This article presents an overview of drug treatment of
epilepsy, including a series of traditional and novel drugs.
Strategy of Virtual Screening based Discovery of HSP90 C-terminal Inhibitors and Network Pharmacological Analysis
Authors: Liu Yajun , Li Lihong , Yang Man , Li Chenyao , Xue Hongyu , Shi Meiyun 
Published: September 2021

Background:HSP90 has been considered an important anticancer target for several decades, but traditional HSP90 N-terminal inhibitors often suffered from organ toxicity and/or drug resistance.Methods:The development of HSP90 C-terminal inhibitors represents a reliable alternative strategy. In view of rare examples of structure-based identification of HSP90 C-terminal inhibitors, we report a virtual screening based strategy for the discovery of HSP90 C-terminal inhibitors as anticancer agents from natural products.Results & Discussion:13 chemical ingredients from licorice were identified as possible HSP90 inhibitors and 3 of them have been reported as anticancer agents. The binding modes towards HSP90 C-terminus were predicted by molecular docking and refined by molecular dynamics simulation.Conclusion:Further network pharmacological analysis predicted overall possible targets involved in the pathways in cancer and revealed that 8 molecules possibly interact with HSP90. A structure based virtual screening strategy was established for the discovery of HSP90 Cterminal inhibitors.
The Role of Platelet in Severe and Fatal Forms of COVID-19
Authors: Esparza-Ibarra Edgar L. , Ayala-Luján Jorge L. , Mendoza-Almanza Brenda , González-Curiel Irma , Godina-González Susana , Hernández-Barrales Marisa , Mendoza-Almanza Gretel 
Published: September 2021

:
On December 31, 2019, the World Health Organization received a report of
several pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China. The causative agent was later confirmed as
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since then, the
SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread throughout the world, giving rise in 2020 to the 2019
coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, which, according to the world map of the World
Health Organization, has, until May 18, 2021, infected 163,312,429 people and caused
3,386,825 deaths throughout the world. Most critical patients progress rapidly to acute
respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and, in underlying form, septic shock, irreversible
metabolic acidosis, blood coagulation dysfunction, or hemostatic and thrombotic
anomalies have been reported as the leading causes of death due to COVID-19. The
main findings in severe and fatal COVID-19 patients make it clear that platelets play a
crucial role in developing severe disease cases. Platelets are the enucleated cells
responsible for hemostasis and thrombi formation; thus, platelet hyperreactivity induced
by pro-inflammatory microenvironments contributes to the "cytokine storm" that
characterizes the more aggressive course of COVID- 19.
Nanotherapeutics for Alzheimer's Disease with Preclinical Evaluation and
Clinical Trials: Challenges, Promises and Limitations
Authors: Bukhari Syed Nasir Abbas 
Published: September 2021

Abstract:
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder, is
the most common form of dementia worldwide. Currently, there is no disease-modifying AD drug,
and the development of effective treatments is made even harder by the highly selective nature of
the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) that allows the passage only of molecules with specific chemical--
physical properties. In this context, nanomedicine and its Nanoparticles (NPs) offer potential solutions
to the challenge of AD therapy, in particular, the requirements for i) BBB crossing, ii) multitarget
therapy iii) enhancement of pharmacokinetics; and iv) more precise delivery. In addition, the
possibility to optimize NP biophysical and biological (i.e. target-specific ligands) properties allows
for highly tailored delivery platforms. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that nanotherapeutics
provide superior pharmacokinetics and brain uptake than free drugs and, on the other hand, these
are also able to mitigate the side-effects of the symptomatic treatments approved by the FDA.
Among the plethora of potential AD nanodrugs, multitarget nanotherapeutics are considered the
most promising strategy due to their ability to hit simultaneously multiple pathogenic factors,
while nano-nutraceuticals are emerging as interesting tools in the treatment/prevention of AD. This
review provides a comprehensive overview of nanomedicine in AD therapy, focusing on key optimization
of NPs properties, most promising nanotherapeutics in preclinical studies and difficulties
that are limiting the efficient translation from bench to bedside.
Characteristics of HIV-related Stigma Among Health Facility Staff in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Liling , Wang Jun , Zhu Naling , Luo Yali , Tang Weiping , Qiao Yaping 
Published: September 2021

Background:
HIV-related stigma poses a crucial barrier to HIV therapy and prevention
worldwide. Stigma taking place in healthcare settings has also been a global challenge for years.

Objective:
To measure HIV-related stigma among health care facilities in Baoan, Shenzhen and to
take decision regarding stigma-reduction intervention.

Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional survey in Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital,
China in February 2019. We collected data on HIV-related stigma from 207 hospital staff randomly
selected for an anonymous survey online by a standardized questionnaire. We analyzed the
influence factors on HIV-related stigma taking place in health facilities using the statistical
method.

Results:
The percentages of worry expressed when touching clothing, dressing wound, and drawing
blood for PLWH were 60.9%, 84.5%, and 82.6%, respectively. 76.3% of respondents reported
at least one form of extra precautions taken during service provision to PLWH. Younger hospital
employees with less working experience were more likely concerned about occupation risk of HIV
infection (P<0.05). Single workers with lower education and no experience of training on HIV-related
stigma were prone to discriminatory opinions against PLWH (P<0.05).

Conclusion:
HIV-related stigma in health facilities remains a significant challenge, and evidence-
based interventions at both systematic and individual levels are needed for improvements.