bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indication of strong interatomic Coulombic decay in slow He2+
–Ne2 collisions
Authors: Kirchner Tom 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Electron removal in collisions of alpha particles with neon dimers is studied using an independent-atom-independent-electron model based on the semiclassical approximation of heavy-particle collision physics. The dimer is assumed to be frozen at its equilibrium bond length and collision events for the two ion–atom subsystems are combined in an impact parameter by impact parameter fashion for three mutually perpendicular orientations. Both frozen atomic target and dynamic response model calculations are carried out using the coupled-channel two-center basis generator method. We pay particular attention to inner-valence Ne(2s) electron removal, which is associated with interatomic Coulombic decay (ICD), resulting in low-energy electron emission and dimer fragmentation. Our calculations confirm a previous experimental result at 150 keV/amu impact energy regarding the relative strength of ICD compared to direct electron emission. They further indicate that ICD is the dominant Ne+ + Ne+ fragmentation process below 10 keV/amu, suggesting that a strong low-energy electron yield will be observed in the ion–dimer system in a regime in which the creation of continuum electrons is a rare event in the ion–atom problem.
Effective modulation of spin accumulation using a ferromagnetic/nonmagnetic bilayer spin channel
Authors: Ariki Taisei , Nomura Tatsuya , Ohnishi Kohei , Kimura Takashi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A lateral spin valve consisting of highly spin-polarized CoFeAl electrodes with a CoFeAl/Cu bilayer spin channel has been developed. Despite a large spin absorption into the CoFeAl capping channel layer, an efficient spin injection and detection using the CoFeAl electrodes enable us to observe a clear spin valve signal. We demonstrate that the nonlocal spin accumulation signal is significantly modulated depending on the relative angle of the magnetizations between the spin injector and absorber. The observed modulation phenomena is explained by the longitudinal and transverse spin absorption effects into the CoFeAl channel layer with the spin resistance model.
Pressure-induced enhancement of the superconducting transition temperature in La2O2Bi3AgS6
Authors: Paredes Aulestia Esteban I , Liu Xinyou , Pang Yiu Yung , So Chun Wa , Yu Wing Chi , Goh Swee K , Lai Kwing To 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Charge density wave (CDW) instability is often found in phase diagrams of superconductors such as cuprates and certain transition-metal dichalcogenides. This proximity to superconductivity triggers the question on whether CDW instability is responsible for the pairing of electrons in these superconductors. However, this issue remains unclear and new systems are desired to provide a better picture. Here, we report the temperature–pressure phase diagram of a recently discovered BiS2 superconductor La2O2Bi3AgS6, which shows a possible CDW transition at T* ∼ 155 K and a superconducting transition at T

c
∼ 1.0 K at ambient pressure, via electrical resistivity measurements. Upon applying pressure, T* decreases linearly and extrapolates to 0 K at 3.9 GPa. Meanwhile, T

c
is enhanced and reaches maximum value of 4.1 K at 3.1 GPa, forming a superconducting dome in the temperature–pressure phase diagram.
Probing peptide nanowire conductivity by THz nanoscopy
Authors: Solemanifar Armin , Guo Xiao , Donose Bogdan C , Bertling Karl , Laycock Bronwyn , Rakić Aleksandar D 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Significant efforts have recently been invested in assessing the physical and chemical properties of microbial nanowires for their promising role in developing alternative renewable sources of electricity, bioelectronic materials and implantable sensors. One of their outstanding properties, the ever-desirable conductivity has been the focus of numerous studies. However, the lack of a straightforward and reliable method for measuring it seems to be responsible for the broad variability of the reported data. Routinely employed methods tend to underestimate or overestimate conductivity by several orders of magnitude. In this work, synthetic peptide nanowires conductivity is interrogated employing a non-destructive measurement technique developed on a terahertz scanning near-field microscope to test if peptide aromaticity leads to higher electrical conductivity. Our novel peptide conductivity measurement technique, based on triple standards calibration method, shows that in the case of two biopolymer mimicking peptides, the sample incorporating aromatic residues (W6) is about six times more conductive than the negative control (L6). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a quantitative nano-scale terahertz s-SNOM investigation of peptides. These results prove the suitability of the terahertz radiation-based non-destructive approach in tandem with the designer peptides choice as model test subjects. This approach requires only simple sample preparation, avoids many of the pitfalls of typical contact-based conductivity measurement techniques and could help understanding fundamental aspects of nature’s design of electron transfer in biopolymers.
Enabling quantitative robot-assisted compressional elastography via the extended Kalman filter
Authors: Napoli Michael E , Goswami Soumya , McAleavey Stephen A , Doyley Marvin M , Howard Thomas M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Compressional or quasi-static elastography has demonstrated the capability to detect occult cancers in a variety of tissue types, however it has a serious limitation in that the resulting elastograms are generally qualitative whereas other forms of elastography, such as shear-wave, can produce absolute measures of elasticity for histopathological classification. We address this limitation by introducing a stochastic method using an extended Kalman filter and robot-assistance to obtain quantitative elastograms which are resilient to measurement noise and system uncertainty. In this paper, the probabilistic framework is described, which utilizes many ultrasound acquisitions obtained from multiple palpations, to fuse data and uncertainty from a robotic manipulator’s joint encoders and force/torque sensor directly into the inverse reconstruction of the elastogram. Quantitative results are demonstrated over homogeneous and inclusion gelatin phantoms using a seven degree of freedom manipulator for a range of initial elasticity assumptions. Results imply resilience to poorly assumed initial conditions as all trials were within 5 kPa of the elasticity measured by a mechanical testing system. Moreover, the presence or absence of an inclusion is clear in all reconstructed elastograms even when artifacts are present in displacement fields, indicating further robustness to measurement noise. The proposed stochastic method allows fusion of data from a robot’s sensors directly into compressional elastography image reconstruction which may stabilize optimization and improve accuracy. This approach provides a mathematical framework to readily incorporate measurements from additional sensors in future applications which may extend the capabilities of compressional elastography beyond that of producing quantitative elasticity measurements.
Night to night variability of pulse oximetry features in children at home and at the hospital
Authors: Hoppenbrouwer Xenia L R , Rollinson Aryannah U , Dunsmuir Dustin , Ansermino J Mark , Dumont Guy , Oude Nijeweme-d’Hollosy Wendy , Veltink Peter , Garde Ainara 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective. Investigation of the night-to-night (NtN) variability of pulse oximetry features in children with suspicion of Sleep Apnea. Approach. Following ethics approval and informed consent, 75 children referred to British Columbia Children's Hospital for overnight PSG were recorded on three consecutive nights, including one at the hospital simultaneously with polysomnography and 2 nights at home. During all three nights, a smartphone-based pulse oximeter sensor was used to record overnight pulse oximetry (SpO2 and photoplethysmogram). Features characterizing SpO2 dynamics and heart rate were derived. The NtN variability of these features over the three different nights was investigated using linear mixed models. Main results. Overall most pulse oximetry features (e.g. the oxygen desaturation index) showed no NtN variability. One of the exceptions is for the signal quality, which was significantly lower during at home measurements compared to measurements in the hospital. Significance. At home pulse oximetry screening shows an increasing predictive value to investigate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity. Hospital recordings affect subjects normal sleep and OSA severity and recordings may vary between nights at home. Before establishing the role of home monitoring as a diagnostic test for OSA, we must first determine their NtN variability. Most pulse oximetry features showed no significant NtN variability and could therefore be used in future at-home testing to create a reliable and consistent OSA screening tool. A single night recording at home should be able to characterize pulse oximetry features in children.
Video based non-contact monitoring of respiratory rate and chest indrawing in children with pneumonia
Authors: Lucy Ferdous Karim , Suha Khadiza Tun , Dipty Sumaiya Tabassum , Wadud Md Sharjis Ibne , Kadir Muhammad Abdul 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective. Pneumonia is the single largest cause of death in children worldwide due to infectious diseases. According to WHO guidelines, fast breathing and chest indrawing are the key indicators of pneumonia in children requiring antibiotic treatments. The aim of this study was to develop a video based novel method for simultaneous monitoring of respiratory rate and chest indrawing without upsetting babies. Approach. Respiratory signals, corresponding to periodic movements of chest-abdominal walls during breathing, were extracted by analyzing RGB (red, green, blue) components in video frames captured by a smartphone camera. Respiratory rate was then obtained by applying fast Fourier transform on the de-noised respiratory signal. Chest indrawing was detected by analysing relative phases of regional chest-abdominal wall mobility. The performance of the developed algorithm was evaluated on both healthy and pneumonia children. Main results. The proposed method can measure respiratory rate with an overall mean absolute error of 1.8 bpm in the range 18–105 bpm. Phase difference between regional chest wall movements in the chest indrawing (pneumonia) cases was found to be 143 ± 23.9 degrees, which was significantly higher than that in the healthy cases 52.3 ± 32.6 degrees (p < 0.001). Significance. Being non-intrusive and non-subjective, this computer-aided method can be useful in the monitoring for respiratory rate and chest indrawing for the diagnosis of pneumonia and its severity in children.
Thermal conductivity and viscosity in fully ionized multiple-charged strongly coupled plasma
Authors: Bronin S Y , Zelener B B , Zelener B V 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We present the results of calculations of the thermal conductivity and viscosity coefficients for a two-component fully ionized classical Coulomb plasma having ion charges from one to three, performed by the molecular dynamics method. The model of ultracold plasma was used, where particles interact according to the Coulomb law without any restrictions at large or small distances. The calculations are carried out in a wide range of the strong coupling parameter. Similarity for the coefficients of thermal conductivity and viscosity at multiple ionization is demonstrated. Comparison with the results of calculations for other plasma models is given. The results obtained can be used for any classical non-degenerate strongly coupled plasma.
B3 0749+460A: A New Repeat “Changing-look” Active Galactic Nucleus Associated with X-Ray Spectral Slope Variations
Authors: Wang J. , Zheng W. K. , Xu D. W. , Brink T. G. , Filippenko A. V. , Gao C. , Sun S. S. , Wei J. Y. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Here we report an identification of B3 0749+460A as a new double-peaked local “changing-look” active galactic nucleus (CL-AGN) in terms of our multi-epoch spectroscopic analysis. By comparing our new spectra taken in 2021 with the ones taken by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey in 2004, BOSS in 2013 and MaNGA in 2016, we reveal type transitions of Seyfert (Sy) 1.9 → Sy1.8 → Sy1.9. In the transitions, the classical broad Hα emission fades away after 2013 and disappears in our 2021 spectrum, although the absence of broad Hβ can be traced back to at least 2016. A follow-up observation in X-rays by the Swift/XRT reveals that (1) the X-ray emission level gradually decreased since 2005; and (2) the X-ray spectrum is soft in the optical “turn-off” state and hard in the “turn-on” state. We argue that the disappearance of the classical broad Hα emission can be likely explained by the disk-wind broad-line-region model, in which the CL phenomenon is sensitive to luminosity in individual AGNs.
Development of an integrated core–edge scenario using the super H-mode
Authors: Wilks T.M. , Knolker M. , Snyder P.B. , Eldon D. , Scotti F. , Chrystal C. , Laggner F.M. , Lasnier C. , Mclean A. , Osborne T. , Paz-Soldan C. , Wang H. , Watkins J. , Casali L. , Grierson B. , Hughes J.W. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
An optimized pedestal regime called the super-H (SH) mode is leveraged to couple a fusion relevant core plasma with a high density scrape-off layer appropriate for realistic reactor power exhaust solutions. Recent DIII-D experiments have expanded the operating space of the SH regime using advanced control algorithms and investigated optimization of impurity seeding, deuterium gas puffing, and 3D magnetic perturbations. Simultaneous real-time control of the pedestal density and radiated power with in-vessel coils and nitrogen seeding enable optimal coupled divertor and pedestal conditions. Four case studies are analysed with varied levels of radiated power in the divertor volume ranging from 0 (no seeding) to 8.5 MW radiated from carbon and nitrogen emission. Plasmas with a 4.5 MW radiated power target establish a radiative mantle, leading to divertor temperatures of ∼16 eV while maintaining SH-mode, and with only marginal impact on the pedestal and core performance. Increased levels of N2 seeding with a 7.5 MW radiated power target facilitate detachment onset and divertor temperatures <5 eV, with no degradation in stored energy and the operational point remaining inside the SH-mode channel for

>
2.5

τ

E

. Finally, a 8.5 MW radiated power target leads to partial detachment, which is so far associated with the loss of access to SH-mode pedestal conditions.
Simulation of pellet ELM triggering in low-collisionality, ITER-like discharges
Authors: Wingen A. , Lyons B.C. , Wilcox R.S. , Baylor L.R. , Ferraro N.M. , Jardin S.C. , Shiraki D. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
3D nonlinear, as well as 2D linear M3D-C1 simulations are used to model ELM triggering by small pellets in DIII-D discharges in the ITER relevant, peeling-limited pedestal stability regime. A critical pellet size threshold is found in both experiment and modeling depending on pedestal conditions, pellet velocity and injection direction. Using radial injection at the outboard midplane, the threshold is determined by M3D-C1 for multiple time slices of a DIII-D low-collisionality discharge that has pellet ELM triggering. Experimental observations show that a larger pellet size than the standard 1.3 mm diameter is necessary for ELM triggering; 1.8 mm pellets triggered several ELMs in cases where a smaller pellet failed. The M3D-C1 simulations are in good agreement with these observations. While the 2D linear simulations give insight into the change of growth rates for various toroidal modes with pellet size, the 3D nonlinear simulations apply a pellet ablation model that mimics the actual injection with good match to the experiment. The 3D nonlinear simulation confirms the pellet ELM triggering for a pellet size larger than the threshold found by the linear simulations.
Sol-gel system evolution control for the synthesis of gas-sensitive nanomaterials based on semiconductor oxides
Authors: Averin I A , Karmanov A A , Moshnikov V A , Yakushova N D , Pronin I A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The article analyzes conditions for the occurrence of spinodal decomposition in sol-gel systems based on semiconductor oxide precursors, resulting in labyrinthine structures. Such materials are promising for use in chemoresistive gas sensors with increased sensory response. It is shown that system evolution towards these structures is possible due to sol cooling, or increased its maturation time.
Effect of diamond-like carbon coatings alloying with chromium and molybdenum on the lubricating properties of oils during friction in pair with steel
Authors: Buyanovskii I A , Khrushchov M M , Samusenko V D , Atamanov M V , Shcherbakov Yu I 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The results have been presented of an experimental study of the tribological behavior of diamond-like carbon coatings (DLC) doped with chromium and molybdenum obtained by reactive magnetron sputtering. The effect of alloying with these metals on the tribological characteristics of boundary lubrication of a DLC coating/steel contact has been studied for the case of three model lubricants (inactive, surfactant, and chemically active). It has been shown that doping with chromium and molybdenum improves both the tribological characteristics of coatings under dry friction and the lubricating properties of the model oils, while alloying with molybdenum provides lower coefficients of friction and less wear at dry and boundary friction than alloying with chromium.
Study of the parameters of molybdenum oxide films by optical methods
Authors: Nikolyukin D S , Shapovalov V I 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this work, the physical properties of molybdenum oxide films obtained by reactive magnetron sputtering were studied. Based on the experimental transmission and reflection spectra for samples at different currents in the fundamental absorption region, the optical band gap was determined, and in the visible range, the thickness of the films was defined. The studied films had the values of optical parameters that were observed by other authors. However, the dependence of the optical band gap width on the thickness of the films is not found in the literature and can be associated with the influence of the flux density of the substance sputtered from the target surface on the structure of the film.
Some problems of processing dispersed arsenic-containing raw materials by sublimation in vacuum
Authors: Volodin V N , Trebukhov S A , Nitsenko A V , Trebukhov A A , Tuleutay F Kh 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Based on the analysis of the operation of vacuum electric furnaces for the processing of dispersed materials by sublimation of volatile components from them, developed by now, and the problems associated with technological processes, a technical solution has been proposed, in which the concentrate is moved due to rheological properties with direct heating by radiation from heater of the surface of the moving and mixing raw materials. Preliminary tests on the sublimation of arsenic sulfide compounds from the gravitational concentrate of the Nezhdaninskoye field with a particle size of 1.0 + 0.63 mm at a temperature of 700°C showed the extraction of arsenic into the vapor phase by more than 99%.
Using deep learning to predict the East Asian summer monsoon
Authors: Tang Yuheng , Duan Anmin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Accurate prediction of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) is beneficial to billions of people’s production and lives. Here, a convolutional neural network (CNN) and transfer learning are used to predict the EASM. The results of the constructed CNN regression model show that the prediction of the CNN regression model is highly consistent with the reanalysis dataset, with a correlation coefficient of 0.78, which is higher than that of each of the current state-of-the-art dynamic models. The heat map method indicates that the robust precursor signals in the CNN regression model agree well with previous theoretical studies and can provide the quantitative contribution of different signals for EASM prediction. The CNN regression model can predict the EASM one year ahead with a confidence level above 95%. The above method can not only improve the prediction of the EASM but also help to identify the involved physical predictors.
Inorganic fertilizers efficiency with using the liquid organic fertilizer to increase the cabbage yield (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.)
Authors: Marpaung A E , Karo B , Barus S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Using organic materials as fertilizer has contributed a lot to protecting the environment and the future of human life through sustainable agriculture. Local resources are used in such a way that synthetic nutrients can be reduced as low as possible. This study aims to determine the effect of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) on cabbage yield with inorganic fertilizers' efficiency. The research was conducted in Berastagi experimental farm, Karo regency, with the soil type and altitude of 1,340 m asl, which began from July - September 2018. The design used was a randomized block design consisting of 16 treatments with three replication. The treatments tested were: A. Without inorganic fertilizer + LOF 1, B. 25% inorganic fertilizer + LOF 1, C. 50% inorganic fertilizer + LOF 1, D. 75% inorganic fertilizer + LOF 1, E. 100% inorganic fertilizer + LOF 1, F. Without inorganic fertilizer + LOF 2, G. 25% inorganic fertilizer + LOF 2, H. 50% inorganic fertilizer + LOF 2, I. 75% inorganic fertilizer + LOF 2, J. 100% Inorganic Fertilizer + LOF 2, K. Without inorganic fertilizers + LOF 3, L. 25% inorganic Fertilizer + LOF 3, M. 50% inorganic Fertilizer + LOF 3, N. 75% inorganic Fertilizer + LOF 3, O. 100% Inorganic Fertilizer + LOF 3, P. 100% Inorganic Fertilizer + without LOF (Control). The results showed that, in general, the application of liquid organic fertilizer for rabbit urine, fish fertilizer, and fish teillation could stimulate the growth and yield of cabbage better than inorganic fertilizers. Applicationthe liquid organic fertilizer can increase theheight growth of cabbage was 0.67 - 0.88%, plant diameter was 0.33 - 2.56%, crop weight per plant was 5.14 - 5.84%, production per plot was 2.96 – 9.78%, and the crop ratio of 3.36 - 10.84% compared to the use of inorganic fertilizers.