bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responses to social evaluative stress in regular cannabis smokers
Authors: Xia Richard J , Chao Thomas , Patel Divya , Bedi Gillinder 
Published: February 2021

Background: Aspects of the canonical stress response differ in stimulant, opioid, and alcohol users relative to controls, and dysregulated responses to stress may contribute to continued use of these drugs. Little prior research has focused on stress responses in regular cannabis smokers. We assessed responses to a standardized laboratory social stress assay (the Trier Social Stress Task; TSST) in regular cannabis smokers (CANs) compared with controls (CONs). Methods: Healthy, non-treatment-seeking adult CANs (⩾4×/week; smoking cannabis as usual) and demographically matched CONs completed the TSST. Outcome measures were subjective mood, heart rate, and salivary cortisol. Results: Nineteen CANs (1 female) and 20 CONs (2 female) participated; groups were matched on trauma exposure, sex, race, and age. CANs smoked cannabis 6.4 ± 1.1 days/week. Eight CANs and one CON smoked tobacco cigarettes daily. Overall, the TSST produced expected increases in anxiety, negative mood states, cortisol, and heart rate. CANs had blunted subjective response to stress relative to CONs, but they did not differ in physiological (cortisol and cardiovascular) stress responding. Conclusion: These results indicate that CANs have blunted mood responses to social stress, but normative physiological stress responding. Observed differences could be due to residual effects of cannabis, reluctance to endorse negative mood states, or to issues related to identifying (i.e., emotional identification) or feeling (i.e., interoception) stress-related affective states. Further research is warranted to characterize the mechanisms of these differences and assess implications for daily functioning and treatment outcomes.
Cerebral blood flow measurements with 15O-water PET using a non-invasive machine-learning-derived arterial input function
Authors: Kuttner Samuel , Wickstrøm Kristoffer Knutsen , Lubberink Mark , Tolf Andreas , Burman Joachim , Sundset Rune , Jenssen Robert , Appel Lieuwe , Axelsson Jan 
Published: February 2021

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) can be measured with dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) of 15O-labeled water by using tracer kinetic modelling. However, for quantification of regional CBF, an arterial input function (AIF), obtained from arterial blood sampling, is required. In this work we evaluated a novel, non-invasive approach for input function prediction based on machine learning (MLIF), against AIF for CBF PET measurements in human subjects. Twenty-five subjects underwent two 10 min dynamic 15O-water brain PET scans with continuous arterial blood sampling, before (baseline) and following acetazolamide medication. Three different image-derived time-activity curves were automatically segmented from the carotid arteries and used as input into a Gaussian process-based AIF prediction model, considering both baseline and acetazolamide scans as training data. The MLIF approach was evaluated by comparing AIF and MLIF curves, as well as whole-brain grey matter CBF values estimated by kinetic modelling derived with either AIF or MLIF. The results showed that AIF and MLIF curves were similar and that corresponding CBF values were highly correlated and successfully differentiated before and after acetazolamide medication. In conclusion, our non-invasive MLIF method shows potential to replace the AIF obtained from blood sampling for CBF measurements using 15O-water PET and kinetic modelling.
The utility of diffusion-weighted imaging and ADC values in the characterization of mumps orchitis and seminoma
Authors: Liu Renwei , Li Jianhua , Jiang Yixiang , Wu Zhiqing , Ji Jiayin , Li Aibo , Wang Xiaoping , Li Ruifeng 
Published: February 2021

Background Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) can quantitatively reflect the diffusion characteristics of tissues, providing a theoretical basis for qualitative diagnosis and quantitative analysis of a disease. Purpose To characterize testicular lesions that present as a hypointense signal on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2-weighted images using DWI. Material and Methods Study participants were divided into three groups. Group A were healthy controls (n = 35), group B included patients with mumps orchitis (n = 20), and group C included patients with seminoma (n = 15). DWI sequences used b-values of 0, 1000, and 2000 s/mm2. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values between 1000 and 2000 s/mm2 were calculated by MRI postprocessing software. The Kruskal–Wallis test and receiver operating characteristic analysis were performed to evaluate how well ADC values distinguished between mumps orchitis and seminoma. Results Normal testicular tissue showed a hyperintense signal on DWI and hypointensity on the ADC map: mean ADC value was 0.77 (0.69–0.85) ± 0.08 ×10−3 mm2/s. Mumps orchitis and seminoma showed slight hyperintensity on DWI: mean ADC values were 0.85 (0.71–0.99) ± 0.15 ×10−3 mm2/s and 0.43 (0.39–0.47) ± 0.04 × 10−3 mm2/s, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in mean ADC values between normal testicular tissue and seminoma and between mumps orchitis and seminoma. The cutoff ADC value for differentiating seminoma from mumps orchitis was 0.54 × 10−3 mm2/s. The sensitivity, specificity, and Youden Index for diagnosing seminoma were 99%, 31%, and 30%, respectively. Conclusion High b-value DWI has potential utility for differentiating mumps orchitis from seminoma in the clinical setting.
Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid enhances the radiosensitivity of lung cancer cells through acetylated wild-type and mutant p53-dependent modulation of mitochondrial apoptosis
Authors: Wu Kan , Chen Xueqin , Chen Xufeng , Zhang Shirong , Xu Yasi , Xia Bing , Ma Shenglin 
Published: February 2021

Objective Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, has shown potential as a candidate radiosensitizer for many types of cancers. This study aimed to explore the radiosensitization mechanism of SAHA in lung cancer cells. Methods Mutations in p53 were generated by site-directed mutagenesis using polymerase chain reaction. Transfection was performed to generate H1299 cells carrying wild-type or mutant p53. The radiosensitizing enhancement ratio was determined by clonogenic assays. Mitochondrial apoptosis was detected using JC-1 staining and flow cytometry analysis. Results Our results showed that SAHA induced radiosensitization in H1299 cells expressing wild-type p53, p53R175H or p53P223L, but this enhanced clonogenic cell death was not observed in parental H1299 (p53-null) cells or H1299 cells expressing p53 with K120R, A161T and V274R mutations. In SAHA-sensitized cells, mitochondrial apoptosis was induced following exposure to irradiation. Additionally, we observed that a secondary mutation at K120 (K120R) could eliminate p53-mediated radiosensitization and mitochondrial apoptosis. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that wild-type and specific mutant forms of p53 mediate SAHA-induced radiosensitization by regulating mitochondrial apoptosis, and the stabilization of K120 acetylation by SAHA is the molecular basis contributing to radiosensitization in lung cancer cells.
Accuracy of brush cytology in biliopancreatic strictures: a single-center cohort study
Authors: Ding Song-Ming , Lu Ai-Li , Xu Bing-Qian , Shi Shao-Hua , Edoo Muhammad Ibrahim Alhadi , Zheng Shu-Sen , Li Qi-Yong 
Published: February 2021

Objective False positive and negative results are associated with biliary tract cell brushing cytology during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The causes are uncertain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of diagnoses made via cell brushing in our center, and to explore the factors influencing diagnosis. Methods The clinical data of patients who underwent cell brushing at our center from January 2016 to August 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. These included age, gender, stricture location, thickness of the bile duct wall in the narrow segment, maximum diameter of the biliary duct above the stricture, number of cell brush smears, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, and carcinoembryonic antigen. Positive brush cytology results were compared with results of surgical histology or tumor biopsy as well as with the patient’s clinical course. Results Of the 48 patients who underwent cell brushing cytology, 27 (56.3%) had positive results. The sensitivity and specificity of biliary duct cell brushing was 79.4%, and 85.7%, respectively. None of the above-mentioned factors were associated with positive cytology brushing results. Conclusions Cell brushing cytology remains a reliable method for diagnosis of pancreaticobiliary malignancies.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Cartilage Defects of the Knee: A Systematic Review of the Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Jaibaji Monketh , Jaibaji Rawan , Volpin Andrea 
Published: February 2021

Background: Osteochondral lesions are a common clinical problem and their management has been historically challenging. Mesenchymal stem cells have the potential to differentiate into chondrocytes and thus restore hyaline cartilage to the defect, theoretically improving clincal outcomes in these patients. They can also be harvested with minimal donor site morbidity. Purpose: To assess the clinical and functional outcomes of mesenchymal stem cell implantation to treat isolated osteochondral defects of the knee. A secondary purpose is to assess the quality of the current available evidence as well as the radiological and histological outcomes. We also reviewed the cellular preparation and operative techniques for implantation. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: A comprehensive literature search of 4 databases was carried out: CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, and PubMed. We searched for clinical studies reporting the outcomes on a minimum of 5 patients with at least 12 months of follow-up. Clinical, radiological, and histological outcomes were recorded. We also recorded demographics, stem cell source, culture technique, and operative technique. Methodological quality of each study was assessed using the modified Coleman methodology score, and risk of bias for the randomized controlled studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Results: Seventeen studies were found, encompassing 367 patients. The mean patient age was 35.1 years. Bone marrow was the most common source of stem cells utilized. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy consistently demonstrated good short- to medium-term outcomes in the studies reviewed with no serious adverse events being recorded. There was significant heterogeneity in cell harvesting and preparation as well as in the reporting of outcomes. Conclusion: Mesenchymal stem cells demonstrated a clinically relevant improvement in outcomes in patients with osteochondral defects of the knee. More research is needed to establish an optimal treatment protocol, long-term outcomes, and superiority over other therapies. Registration: CRD42020179391 (PROSPERO).
The feasibility of one-day length of hospital stay after pediatric percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Authors: Saber-Khalah Mohammed , Reyad A.M. , Gamal Wael , Elmoghazy Hazem , Abd Elhamed Ahmed Mamdouh , Rashed Mohamed Elnisr , Abdellah Abdelrahman M , Badawy Abdelbasset A 
Published: February 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the safety of one-day length of hospital stay (LOS) after pediatric percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL), and to study the predictors of LOS. Methods: A retrospective study included pediatric patients who PNL for renal calculi more than 1 cm between January 2016 and October 2019. PNL was performed in prone position. The nephrostomy tubes and ureteric catheters were removed on the second day and patients were discharged if there was no perforation or significant residual stones. The stone free rate, LOS and the surgical complications were reported. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were used to predict the LOS. Results: 220 patients were identified. The median age (range) was eight (Range: 3–17) years. Stone free rate was achieved in 200 patients (91%) of patients, while residual fragments were detected in 20 patients (9%). Complications, they were reported in 50 (22.7%) patients. 184 (83.6%) of patients stayed at the hospital for only 1 day, while 36 (16. 4%) stayed more than 1 day. Of 36 patients who stayed more than one-day, 34 had complications ( p value <0.001). On multivariate analysis, surgical complications was found to be the only predictor of longer LOS ( p value <0.001). Conclusion: Early nephrostomy tube removal and 1-day length of hospital stay could be a safe option after pediatric PNL. Surgical complications is a statistically significant predictor of longer LOS.
Long-Term Care Expectations and Plans of Transgender and Nonbinary Older Adults
Authors: Knochel K. Abel , Flunker Dylan 
Published: February 2021

Problem: Transgender and nonbinary (TNB) older adults endure discrimination from medical providers and expect it in institutional long-term care. Gender identity–based discrimination is connected to negative health outcomes and reluctance to access needed care. Objective: The aim of this study is to explore how gender identity affects TNB older adults’ fears, hopes, and plans for use of institutional long-term care. Method: Co-investigators conducted semi-structured interviews with 24 TNB older adults in Minnesota, collaboratively analyzed the results using reflexive thematic analysis, and member-checked emergent themes. Findings: Oppression is central to participants’ consideration of future long-term care. They fear mistreatment and loss of authentic gender expression and recognition in long-term care facilities. Fears of oppression factor into consideration of suicide and physical transition, although some participants hope societal shifts will lead to unbiased long-term care. Conclusion: Creation of anti-oppressive institutional and community-based long-term care options is critical to effectively serve TNB people as they age into dependence.
Should We Worry About Setting? Association of Program Fidelity with Youths’ Satisfaction and Intention to Practice Safer Sex
Authors: Monalisa Nazratun Nayeem , Macauda Mark Michael 
Published: February 2021

Purpose: To examine whether deviation from fidelity in the implementation of an evidence-based program on safer sex education affected youth satisfaction and intention to avoid risky sexual behaviors. Design: Implementation evaluation. Setting: In-school and out-of-school settings in South Carolina. Participants: Three thousand seventy-three youths aged 10 to 14 years. Intervention: Making Proud Choices. Measures: Fidelity variables were implementation setting, program length, class size, gender composition, and curriculum adaptations. Outcome variables were youth program satisfaction and intentions to remain abstinent or avoid risky sexual behaviors postintervention. Analysis: Chi-square and t tests tested in-school and out-of-school comparisons. Multiple linear regression examined predictors of youth program satisfaction and intention to avoid risky behaviors. Results: Program duration ( B = .002), class size ( B = .074), program completion rate ( B = .004), gender ( B = .223), and race ( B = .263) predicted program satisfaction ( P < .05; R2 = 0.094). Longer program duration was negatively associated with planned abstinence ( B = −.002), contraception use ( B = −.004), and condom use ( B = −.002). Participants in single-gender classes ( B = .387) and females ( B = .256) were more likely to practice safer sex. Low R2 showed limited impact on intention to practice safer sex ( R2 = .030 and.015) and remaining abstinent ( R2 = .033). Conclusion: Although fidelity deviations do impact youth satisfaction and intentions, the impact is not large. Implementations adapted to fit local settings can still be beneficial.
Safety and Tolerability of APOE Genotyping and Disclosure in Cognitively Normal Volunteers From the Butler Alzheimer’s Prevention Registry
Authors: Alber Jessica , Popescu Dominique , Thompson Louisa I. , Tonini Gina-Marie , Arthur Edmund , Oh Hwamee , Correia Stephen , Salloway Stephen P. , Lee Athene K. 
Published: February 2021

Aims: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a gradually progressive neurodegenerative disease that ultimately results in total loss of cognitive and functional independence in older adults. This study aimed to examine the safety and tolerability of APOE disclosure in community-dwelling, cognitively normal (CN) older adults from the Butler Alzheimer’s Prevention Registry (BAPR), and to determine whether APOE disclosure impacted participant’s decisions to participate in AD clinical research. Methods: 186 (N = 106 ∊4 non-carriers, 80 ∊4 carriers) CN older adults aged 58-78 from the BAPR completed 2 visits: one for psychological readiness screening and genotyping and one for APOE disclosure. Online follow-ups were completed 3 days, 6 weeks, and 6 months post-disclosure. Primary outcomes were scores on self-report measures of depression, anxiety, impact of events, and perceived risk of AD, along with enrollment in AD clinical trials. Results: ∊4 carriers and non-carriers did not differ significantly on measures of depression, anxiety, or suicidal ideation over the 6-month follow-up period. ∊4 carriers reported higher impact of disclosure than non-carriers immediately after disclosure, but both groups’ scores on impact of events measures remained sub-clinical. ∊4 carriers and non-carriers were equally likely to participate in AD research after disclosure, with genotype-dependent differences in type of clinical trial enrollment. Conclusions: APOE genotyping and disclosure was safe and well tolerated in a group of CN, community-dwelling older adults, who were pre-screened after volunteering for AD research through BAPR. Implications for the inclusion of APOE genotyping and disclosure at AD clinical trial sites are discussed.
Electroacupuncture may alleviate behavioral defects via modulation of gut microbiota in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Han Qiu-Qin , Fu Yi , Le Jia-Mei , Pilot Adam , Cheng Si , Chen Pei-Qing , Wu Hailong , Wan Guo-Qing , Gu Xue-Feng 
Published: February 2021

Objective: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease involving non-motor symptoms, of which gastrointestinal disorders are the most common. In light of recent results, intestinal dysfunction may be involved in the pathogenesis of PD. Electroacupuncture (EA) has shown potential effects, although the underlying mechanism remains mostly unknown. We speculated that EA could relieve the behavioral defects of PD, and that this effect would be associated with modulation of the gut microbiota. Methods: Mice were randomly divided into three groups: control, PD + MA (manual acupuncture), and PD + EA. MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) was used to establish the mouse model of PD. Rotarod performance tests, open field tests, and pole tests were carried out to assess motor deficiencies. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to examine the survival of dopaminergic neurons. 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing was applied to investigate the alterations of the gut microbiome. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to characterize the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Results: We found that EA was able to alleviate the behavioral defects in the rotarod performance test and pole test, and partially rescue the significant loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) chemically induced by MPTP in mice. Moreover, the PD + MA mice showed a tendency toward decreased intestinal microbial alpha diversity, while EA significantly reversed it. The abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae was significantly increased in PD + MA mice, and the alteration was also reversed by EA. In addition, the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were substantially increased in the SN of PD + MA mice, an effect that was reversed by EA. Conclusion: These results suggest that EA may alleviate behavioral defects via modulation of gut microbiota and suppression of inflammation in the SN of mice with PD, which provides new insights into the pathogenesis of PD and its treatment.
Informed Choice and Nudging in Mammography Screening: A Discourse Analysis of Australian and Scandinavian Webpages
Authors: Solbjør Marit , Willis Karen 
Published: February 2021

The tension between providing adequate information and achieving sufficiently high participation in population-based screening programmes, such as mammography, represents an ongoing challenge for health authorities. The theory of nudge illuminates how individuals may be nudged towards healthy behaviours without restricting individual freedom of choice. We analyse information provided on health authority webpages and uncover the subject positions available to healthy women deciding whether to participate in screening. We do so by comparing different policy contexts where women must opt in to screening (Australia) or opt out (Scandinavia). We conclude that information is used to nudge women towards screening. Alongside focus on the ease of being screened, tensions exist in simultaneously portraying women as being at risk of breast cancer and providing reassurance of their healthy state. We identify persuasive devices that emphasise responsibility to participate in screening and conclude that webpages play a dynamic role in authorities’ attempts to, on one hand, achieve high participation in screening, and on the other, promote mammography screening as an individual choice.
Long-term Functional Results of Total Ankle Arthroplasty in Stiff Ankles
Authors: Brodsky James W. , Jaffe David , Pao Andrew , Vier David , Taniguchi Akira , Daoud Yahya , Coleman Scott , Scott Daniel J. 
Published: February 2021

Background: Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is advocated over ankle arthrodesis to preserve ankle motion (ROM). Clinical and gait analysis studies have shown significant improvement after TAA. The role and outcomes of TAA in stiff ankles, which have little motion to be preserved, has been the subject of limited investigation. This investigation evaluated the mid- to long-term functional outcomes of TAA in stiff ankles. Methods: A retrospective study of prospectively collected functional gait data in 33 TAA patients at a mean of 7.6 (5-13) years postoperatively used 1-way analysis of variance and multivariate regression analysis to compare among preoperative and postoperative demographic data (age, gender, body mass index, years postsurgery, and diagnosis) and gait parameters according to quartiles of preoperative sagittal ROM. Results: The stiffest ankles had a mean ROM of 7.8 degrees, compared to 14.3 degrees for the middle 2 quartiles, and 21.0 degrees for the most flexible ankles. Patients in the lowest quartile (Q1) also had statistically significantly lower step length, speed, max plantarflexion, and power preoperatively. Postoperatively, they increased step length, speed, max plantarflexion, and ankle power to levels comparable to patients with more flexible ankles preoperatively (Q2, Q3, and Q4). They had the greatest absolute and relative increases in these parameters of any group, but the final total ROM was still statistically significantly the lowest. Conclusion: Preoperative ROM was predictive of overall postoperative gait function at an average of 7.6 (range 5-13) years. Although greater preoperative sagittal ROM predicted greater postoperative ROM, the stiffest ankles showed the greatest percentage increase in ROM. Patients with the stiffest ankles had the greatest absolute and relative improvements in objective function after TAA, as measured by multiple gait parameters. At intermediate- to long-term follow-up, patients with stiff ankles maintained significant functional improvements after TAA. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative study.