bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of ChatGPT as a preparation tool for the Orthopaedic In‐Training Examination
Authors: Mendiratta Dhruv , Herzog Isabel , Singh Rohan , Para Ashok , Joshi Tej , Vosbikian Michael , Kaushal Neil 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeChat Generative Pre‐Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) may have implications as a novel educational resource. There are differences in opinion on the best resource for the Orthopaedic In‐Training Exam (OITE) as information changes from year to year. This study assesses ChatGPT's performance on the OITE for use as a potential study resource for residents.MethodsQuestions for the OITE data set were sourced from the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) website. All questions from the 2022 OITE were included. All questions, including those with images, were included in the analysis. The questions were formatted in the same manner as presented on the AAOS website, with the question, narrative text and answer choices separated by a line. Each question was evaluated in a new chat session to minimize confounding variables. Answers from ChatGPT were characterized by whether they contained logical, internal or external information. Incorrect responses were further categorized into logical, informational or explicit fallacies.ResultsChatGPT yielded an overall success rate of 48.3% based on the 2022 AAOS OITE. ChatGPT demonstrated the ability to apply logic and stepwise thinking in 67.6% of the questions. ChatGPT effectively utilized internal information from the question stem in 68.1% of the questions. ChatGPT also demonstrated the ability to incorporate external information in 68.1% of the questions. The utilization of logical reasoning (p < 0.001), internal information (p = 0.004) and external information (p = 0.009) was greater among correct responses than incorrect responses. Informational fallacy was the most common shortcoming of ChatGPT's responses. There was no difference in correct responses based on whether or not an image was present (p = 0.320).ConclusionsChatGPT demonstrates logical, informational and explicit fallacies which, at this time, may lead to misinformation and hinder resident education.Level of EvidenceLevel V.
Hippocampal Lesions in Male Rats Produce Retrograde Memory Loss for Over‐Trained Spatial Memory but Do Not Impact Appetitive‐Contextual Memory: Implications for Theories of Memory Organization in the Mammalian Brain
Authors: Hong Nancy S. , Lee J. Quinn , Bonifacio Charithe J. T. , Gibb Mason J. , Kent Megan , Nixon Abigail , Panjwani Maleeha , Robinson Danika , Rusnak Valeria , Trudel Tyler , Vos Jessica , McDonald Robert J. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTEvidence suggests that hippocampal (HPC) disruption following learning produces retrograde amnesia on a range of tasks. Many of these tasks do not require HPC function in the anterograde direction suggesting that, in the intact brain, the HPC is actively involved during all forms of learning. However, prior work has also demonstrated double dissociations of HPC and amygdala function, which is inconsistent with this view. Here, we aim to understand this discrepancy by assessing the effects of neurotoxic lesions of the HPC on anterograde and retrograde amnesia for conditioned place preference (CPP). This task is dependent on a network centered on the basolateral amygdala and not the HPC. The results show that extensive HPC damage had no impact on the acquisition or expression of CPP. One explanation for this result is that the task requires multiple, distributed training sessions for conditioning to emerge, and it has been proposed that this parameter may eliminate the need for HPC to support memory. To test this, we completed experiments to probe place learning in the Morris water task, which is thought to always require HPC function, but implemented an over‐training procedure before HPC damage. We found that rats were severely impaired suggesting that this task parameter does not always allow non‐HPC networks to support learning. Finally, an experiment was designed to test whether memories acquired by distinct memory networks on the same days, within hours of one another, would be linked in HPC. The results showed that they remained independent of one another.
Interdecadal Change in the Interannual Relationship Between the Summer Precipitation in the Arid Region of Northwest China With North African Subtropical High and Western Pacific Subtropical High
Authors: Yuan Yujun , Zhao Yong , Meng Lixia 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe zonal movement of both the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) and the North African subtropical high (NASH) correlates well with the summer precipitation in the arid region of Northwest China (ARNWC), but there is not enough understanding of the interdecadal change in the interannual relationship between the zonal position linkage of the two subtropical highs and summer precipitation in the ARNWC under different interdecadal backgrounds. Based on the observed precipitation data at 101 stations in the ARNWC, the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data, and Hadley Centre surface sea temperature (SST) data for 1961–2022, the interdecadal change in the interannual relationship between the zonal position linkage of the two subtropical highs and summer precipitation in the ARNWC is investigated. Results show that the summer precipitation has experienced two distinct periods (dry period: 1961–1986; wet period: 1987–2022), and the zonal position linkage of the two subtropical highs correlates well with the summer precipitation in the eastern part of the ARNWC in the dry period and the Tarim Basin in the wet period, respectively. When the NASH and the WPSH move in opposite directions, the water vapour is directly (indirectly) transported from the eastern Asian monsoon region (tropical Indo‐Pacific Ocean) in the dry (wet) period. The Asian‐Pacific Oscillation (APO) and the sea surface temperature (SST) in the Indo‐Pacific warm pool both contribute to the zonal movement of the two subtropical highs in the dry period, but in the wet period, only the SST in the Indo‐Pacific warm pool plays an important role in modulating the zonal position linkage of the NASH and the WPSH.
Highly Emissive Organic Cuprous Halides with [Cu4Br6]2− Unit for X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Zhu Yongkang , Liang Xin , Zhao Xiaodong , Cui Haixia , Yu Aoxi , Zhang Kenneth Yin , Liu Shujuan , Wang Feng , Zhao Qiang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOrganic‐inorganic hybrid cuprous halides (OHCHs) are intriguing candidates for the next generation of scintillators due to their environmental friendliness, simple preparation, and excellent luminescent properties. Herein, a series of efficient OHCHs based on inorganic building blocks [Cu4Br6]2− clusters, designated as (TMAA)2Cu4Br6, (EtTPPh)2Cu4Br6, and (MtTBA)2Cu4Br6 (TMAA = N,N,N‐trimethyltrimethyl‐1‐adamantylammonium; EtTPPh = ethyltriphenylphosphonium; MtTBA = methyltri‐n‐butylammonium), are synthesized via a simple solution method. The three OHCHs exhibit broadband yellow emissions. Remarkably, the 0D (TMAA)2Cu4Br6 shows a near‐unity photoluminescence quantum yield, which can be attributed to the highly localized excitons and rigid environment. Impressively, it is demonstrated to show excellent scintillation performance with a high light yield of 46700 photon MeV−1 and a low detection limit of 56.12 nGyairs−1. Photophysical studies reveal that the bright emission in (TMAA)2Cu4Br6 originates from self‐trapped excitons. This work opens an inspirational avenue in structure design for OHCHs as high‐performance X‐ray scintillators.
Pricing Considering Quality: A Strategy Analysis of Payment Forms
Authors: Fang Lei , Li Yanlin , Govindan Kannan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWe analyze three business models for electric vehicle power battery use: (1) pure selling strategy, (2) pure leasing strategy, and (3) innovative hybrid strategy where both the selling and leasing services are provided by one monopoly firm simultaneously. The firm decides the power battery quality. We demonstrate that the relative profitability of the monopoly firm's different strategies hinges on the customer's psychological cost and the leasing product's supply–demand ratio. Counterintuitively, for the monopoly firm, when product quality is endogenous, the hybrid strategy is not always more profitable than the pure selling strategy, which differs from the previous studies.
Meilensteine der Chemie 2025
Authors: Remane Yvonne , Reschetilowski Wladimir 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEin Blick in den historischen Chemiekalender: Faraday entdeckt Benzol in einer verstopften Gasleitung; Lecoq de Boisbaudran schließt eine Lücke im Periodensystem. Die I.G. Farben gründet sich, und das Patent auf die Fischer‐Tropsch‐Synthese wird angemeldet.
Evaluation of Modified Guar Gum as Polymer for Electrospun Nanofibrous Film
Authors: Sharma Rashmi , Singh Vikramjeet , Ahuja Munish 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to fabricate metoclopramide‐loaded nanofibers based on esterified guar gum using electrospinning. Guar gum was chemically modified through esterification, with structural changes confirmed via 1H NMR and FT‐IR analyses. Rheological and swelling studies demonstrated that this modification reduced viscosity and swelling capacity, enhancing the polymer's suitability for electrospinning. Polyvinyl alcohol was incorporated as a co‐polymer with the modified guar gum to improve fiber morphology and uniformity. The resulting metoclopramide‐loaded nanofibrous film exhibited an average fiber diameter of 77.43 nm. Physical and mechanical evaluations showed an increase in fiber density in the drug‐loaded samples, attributed to interactions between metoclopramide and the polymer matrix, accompanied by a corresponding decrease in porosity. FT‐IR analysis confirmed successful drug incorporation, while thermal stability was comparable between drug‐loaded and unloaded nanofibers. Comparative in vitro release studies revealed rapid metoclopramide release from the electrospun nanofibrous film within 5 min, whereas the solvent‐cast film achieved 80% drug release in 30 min. These findings highlight the potential of chemically modified guar gum‐based nanofibers for fast and efficient drug delivery, indicating their broader applicability in pharmaceutical and nanomaterial‐based technologies.
Associating regulatory actions on diclofenac use with Danish trends in utilization by route of administration 1999–2023
Authors: Møller Anna Emilie , Bech‐Drewes Anne , Rasmussen Lotte , Friis Søren , Schmidt Morten 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimsWith the growing evidence of cardiovascular risks associated with diclofenac use, regulatory measures governing its application and sales have intensified since 2008. We evaluated the association between central regulatory actions and trends in diclofenac use in Denmark from 1999 to 2023, according to different dosage forms and routes of administration.Methods and ResultsData on diclofenac sales in Denmark from 1999 to 2023 were retrieved from the publicly available web database MEDSTAT, based on the Danish Register of Medicinal Products Statistics. The annual sales of various diclofenac dosage forms, including systemic (tablets, modified‐release dosage forms, and suppositories) and topical (nonspecific and ophthalmic) dosage forms, were calculated and displayed by sales unit.From 1999 to 2008, sales of all systemically administered diclofenac forms increased: tablets by 51% (2000–2008), modified‐release dosage forms by 40% (2003–2007), and suppositories by 44% (1999–2008). Thereafter, sales of tablets declined by 86% and modified‐release dosage forms by 90% through 2023. The sales of suppositories declined somewhat lesser, by 34%, during 2008 to 2018 and then increased by 67% through 2023. Sales of nonspecific topical diclofenac increased by several thousandfold from 2005, although with brief periods of decline.ConclusionSales of systemically administered diclofenac dosage forms, particularly tablets and modified‐release drugs, declined by approximately 90% from about 2008 to 2023, indicating compliance with Danish and international regulatory actions. Conversely, sales of topically administered diclofenac increased heavily from 2005 to 2023, denoting a policy‐driven shift toward these lower risk dosage forms.
Plant‐Derived Treatments for Different Types of Muscle Atrophy
Authors: Wang Xingpeng , Tang Xiaofu , Wang Yunhui , Zhao Shengyin , Xu Ning , Wang Haoyu , Kuang Mingjie , Han Shijie , Jiang Zhensong , Zhang Wen 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWith the development of medicine and chemistry, an increasing number of plant‐derived medicines have been shown to exert beneficial therapeutic on the treatment of various physical and psychological diseases. In particular, by using physical chemistry methods, we are able to examine the chemical components of plants and the effects of these substances on the human body. Muscle atrophy (MA) is characterized by decreased muscle mass and function, is caused by multiple factors and severely affects the quality of life of patients. The multifactorial and complex pathogenesis of MA hinders drug research and disease treatment. However, phytotherapy has achieved significant results in the treatment of MA. We searched PubMed and the Web of Science for articles related to plant‐derived substances and muscle atrophy. After applying exclusion and inclusion criteria, 166 and 79 articles met the inclusion criteria, respectively. A total of 173 articles were included in the study after excluding duplicates. The important role of phytoactives such as curcumin, resveratrol, and ginsenosides in the treatment of MA (e.g., maintaining a positive nitrogen balance in muscles and exerting anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects) has been extensively studied. Unfortunately, MA dose not have to a single cause, and each cause has its own unique mechanism of injury. This review focuses on the therapeutic mechanisms of active plant components in MA and provides insights into the personalized treatment of MA.
Precision Medicine for Pulmonary Vascular Disease: The Future Is Now (2023 Grover Conference Series)
Authors: Forbes Lindsay M. , Bauer Natalie , Bhadra Aritra , Bogaard Harm J. , Choudhary Gaurav , Goss Kara N. , Gräf Stefan , Heresi Gustavo A. , Hopper Rachel K. , Jose Arun , Kim Yunhye , Klouda Timothy , Lahm Tim , Lawrie Allan , Leary Peter J. , Leopold Jane A. , Oliveira Suellen D. , Prisco Sasha Z. , Rafikov Ruslan , Rhodes Christopher J. , Stewart Duncan J. , Vanderpool Rebecca R. , Yuan Ke , Zimmer Alexsandra , Hemnes Anna R. , de Jesus Perez Vinicio A. , Wilkins Martin R. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPulmonary vascular disease is not a single condition; rather it can accompany a variety of pathologies that impact the pulmonary vasculature. Applying precision medicine strategies to better phenotype, diagnose, monitor, and treat pulmonary vascular disease is increasingly possible with the growing accessibility of powerful clinical and research tools. Nevertheless, challenges exist in implementing these tools to optimal effect. The 2023 Grover Conference Series reviewed the research landscape to summarize the current state of the art and provide a better understanding of the application of precision medicine to managing pulmonary vascular disease. In particular, the following aspects were discussed: (1) Clinical phenotypes, (2) genetics, (3) epigenetics, (4) biomarker discovery, (5) application of precision biology to clinical trials, (6) the right ventricle (RV), and (7) integrating precision medicine to clinical care. The present review summarizes the content of these discussions and the prospects for the future.
Community Social Sustainability: Unpacking the Concept for Urban Governance and Planning
Authors: Hofstad Hege , Dahl Christel , Følling Kjersti , Mouratidis Kostas , Olsen Bent Olav , Sagen Stine Busborg , Zeiner Hilde Hatleskog 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTResearch on social sustainability has revealed a persistent knowledge gap concerning how to institutionalize social sustainability into urban governance and planning. New knowledge capable of operationalizing social sustainability to concrete community settings and identifying how governance and planning can help building socially sustainable trajectories are needed. This inspires us to develop a typology of community social sustainability coupling relevant theory and new and extensive empirical data. At the heart of the typology are three theoretically derived foundational characteristics—neighborhood robustness, access to every‐day services, and governance structures—encompassing the most essential aspects of community social sustainability. When exploring them empirically, we find that their realization depends on joint contribution from multiple actors. The next layer of the typology thus identifies four supportive conditions strengthening the local capability to address, prioritize and build neighborhood robustness, relevant services, and governance structures. The paper ends with a guide for future research and practice.
Demonstration of Enhancement of Tumor Intravasation by Dicarbonyl Stress Using a Microfluidic Organ‐on‐chip
Authors: Kumar Nilesh , Samanta Bidita , KM Jyothsna , Raghunathan Varun , Sen Prosenjit , Bhat Ramray 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCancer metastasis involves cell migration from their primary organ foci into vascular channels, followed by dissemination to prospective colonization sites. Vascular entry of tumor cells or intravasation involves their breaching stromal and endothelial extracellular matrix (ECM) and the endothelial barriers. How the kinetics of this breach are confounded by chronic inflammatory stresses seen in diabetes and aging remains ill‐investigated. To study the problem, a histopathology‐motivated, imaging‐tractable, microfluidic multi‐organ‐on‐chip platform is constructed, that seamlessly integrates a breast tumor‐like compartment: invasive MDA‐MB‐231 in a 3D Collagen I scaffold, and a flow‐implemented vascular channel: immortalized human aortic endothelia (TeloHAEC) on laminin‐rich basement membrane (lrBM). The chip showcases the complexity of intravasation, wherein tumor cells and endothelia cooperate to form anastomotic structures, which facilitate cancer cell migration into the vascular channel. Upon entry, cancer cells adhere to and flow within the vascular channel. Exposure to methylglyoxal (MG), a dicarbonyl stressor associated with diabetic circulatory milieu increases cancer cell intravasation and adhesion through the vascular channel. This can be driven by MG‐induced endothelial senescence and shedding, but also by the ability of MG to degrade lrBM and pathologically cross‐link Collagen I, diminishing cell‐ECM adhesion. Thus, dicarbonyl stress attenuates homeostatic barriers to cancer intravasation, exacerbating metastasis.
A Rapid Methodology to Obtain Silver Selenide thin Films with Highly Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance
Authors: Román‐Varela Carlos Augusto Martín , Calixto Ma. Estela , Diliegros‐Godines Carolina Janani , Bustamante Alexandra , ÁngelContreras‐Ruiz Miguel , Soucase BernabéMari , Shafi Ullah 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMetal chalcogenides have been extensively studied for thermoelectric applications. Among other metal chalcogenides, silver selenide (Ag2Se) is considered one of the most promising n‐type semiconducting materials for thermoelectric applications due to its low band gap value, Seebeck coefficient, and superior power factor (PF) rendered at room temperature. However, one of the main drawbacks of using Ag2Se as a thermoelectric material on a large scale is the time‐consuming physical methods to obtain them, and the need for high vacuum synthesis conditions as well as high‐cost. On the contrary, the electrodeposition route offers a fast, low‐cost, reliable, eco‐friendly, and reproducible synthesis methodology to obtain β‐Ag2Se thin films, avoiding the use of high vacuum, which is especially important for scaling up to industrial processing levels. In this study, a facile and rapid strategy is reported to obtain β‐Ag2Se thin films with controlled thickness using an electrodeposition technique. As‐electrodeposited β‐Ag2Se film with a thickness of 740 nm delivered a PF = 5.59 µW cm−1 K2, while an 880 nm β‐Ag2Se film annealed at 210 °C exhibits a higher PF = 11.69 µW cm−1 K2. The results demonstrate a rapid preparation of high purity β‐Ag2Se thin film with superior thermoelectric performance, provides potential opportunities in the development of efficient thermoelectric devices.
Enigma of Sustainable CO2 Conversion to Renewable Fuels and Chemicals Through Photocatalysis, Electrocatalysis, and Photoelectrocatalysis: Design Strategies and Atomic Level Insights
Authors: Suri Diksha , Das Srimanta , Choudhary Shivani , Venkanna Guguloth , Sharma Bhavna , Afroz Mohammad Adil , Tailor Naveen K. , Joshi Rakesh , Satapathi Soumitra , Tripathi Komal 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGrowing global population, escalating energy consumption, and climate change threaten future energy security. Fossil fuel combustion, primarily coal, oil, and natural gas, exacerbates the greenhouse effect driving global warming through CO2 emissions. To address such issues, research is focused on converting CO2 into valuable fuels and chemicals, which aims to reduce noxious CO2 and simultaneously bridge the gap between energy demands and sustainable supply. CO2 reduction has primarily been accomplished through three methodologies: photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and photo‐electrocatalysis. Review initially elucidates fundamental principles and kinetics that govern CO2 reduction across all three approaches. Subsequently, we have discussed emerging concepts such as role of hot carriers and plasmon‐mediated processes in photocatalysis. In electrocatalysis process, we thoroughly discuss advanced design strategies including alloying, ligand‐modified surfaces, and molecular tuning to regulate the specific nanostructures of metal‐based compounds. Furthermore, it investigates impacts of distinct nanostructures to identify structure property‐performance correlations and their mechanisms. Similarly, enhancement of photo‐electrocatalytic efficiency is investigated using defect‐engineered nanostructures, heterojunctions, and plasmonic metals. Finally, the review outlines potential and intricacies associated with design strategies to drive industrial‐scale CO2 reduction. In summary, this comprehensive review offers a thorough analysis of current advances, challenges, and future perspectives for CO2 reduction to valuable products.