bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of phacoemulsification on the corneal endothelium in diabetic versus non-diabetic patients: a prospective non-randomized controlled interventional study
Authors: Mahmoud Alaa , Moussa Ismail , Abozaid Mortada , Iqbal Mohammed 
Published: July 2021

Background: Cataract surgery in patients with diabetes is indicated either to improve visual acuity or to allow assessment and treatment of fundus changes. We aimed to document the effects of phacoemulsification on the corneal endothelium in patients with or without diabetes.
Methods: This comparative, prospective, non-randomized controlled interventional study was conducted in patients with visually significant immature senile cataracts in the ophthalmology department at Sohag University Hospital between January 2018 and December 2020. The following data were recorded: corrected distance visual acuity, keratometry readings, refraction, slit lamp examination results, and biometry data. Changes in corneal parameters were documented preoperatively and at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively using specular microscopy.
Results: Sixty-four eyes of 64 patients with visually significant senile cataracts were included (32 eyes in the diabetic group and 32 eyes in the non-diabetic control group). We found greater mean endothelial cell loss in the non-diabetic group (179 cells/mm2; 6.4%) than in the diabetic group (134 cells/mm2; 4.8%) at 3 months postoperatively, yet the difference was not significant. The difference could be explained by the higher mean cumulative dissipated energy (CDE) used in the non-diabetic group (5.37 J) than in the diabetic group (4.68 J), although the difference was also not significant. Moreover, we found significantly higher coefficient of variation (CV) in the non-diabetic group than in the diabetic group at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively (P = 0.03, P = 0.02, and P = 0.008, respectively).
Conclusions: Endothelial cell density was directly related to the CDE of phacoemulsification and not to diabetes. CV was significantly higher in the non-diabetic group than in the diabetic group. Future studies with a larger sample size, longer follow-up, and more diabetic subgroups with different levels of glycemic control are warranted to verify our conclusions.

How to cite this article: Mahmoud A, Moussa I, Abozaid M, Iqbal M. Outcomes of phacoemulsification on the corneal endothelium in diabetic versus non-diabetic patients: a prospective non-randomized controlled interventional study. Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Optom. 2021 Spring; 2(1): 1-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdioptometry119
Pharmaceutical treatment of primary open angle glaucoma
Authors: Al-Namaeh Mashael 
Published: July 2021

Background: Glaucoma is a progressive, irreversible optic neuropathy that results in serious vision loss and blindness. This review aimed to summarize key concepts of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) pharmaceutical treatment trials over the last decade.
Methods: We searched PubMed/MEDLINE and clinicaltrials.gov from January 1, 2010, to August 31, 2020, using the key words “POAG” and “Ocular topical therapeutics”. This search yielded 77 and 120 papers, respectively.
Results: Thirty-three records were compatible with our inclusion criteria. Pharmaceutical treatment is a common intervention in POAG for lowering IOP. Prostaglandin (PG) analogues are most commonly recommended as initial medical therapy, which are administrated either as a monotherapy or in combination with other IOP-lowering classes of medications. Alternative therapies, such as ?-blockers, ?-2 adrenergic receptor agonists, and topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, have been used in combination or as a monotherapy. Rho-kinase inhibitors, such as netarsudil 0.02%, AR-13324 0.02%, and ripasudil are new IOP-lowering medications. Despite IOP reduction, there is a significant number of patients with POAG that may experience disease progression, and the risk of blindness over the long term is considerable.
Conclusions: Clinical trials have indicated that pharmaceutical treatment of POAG is effective and safe. In addition, the new novel Rho-kinase inhibitors have shown significant IOP reduction. The new fixed combinations have also yielded significant reductions in IOP. POAG is a cause of irreversible vision loss, if not diagnosed and treated early. The condition is likely to progress in a significant number of patients, with a considerable risk of blindness in the long-term.

How to cite this article: Al-Namaeh M. Pharmaceutical treatment of primary open angle glaucoma. Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Optom. 2021 Spring; 2(1): 8-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdioptometry120
The prevalence of amblyopia in 7–9-year-old schoolchildren in Mashhad
Authors: Shahpary Saeed , Ramin Shahrokh , Azimi Abbas , Heyrani Mohsen 
Published: July 2021

Background: To determine the prevalence of amblyopia in schoolchildren aged 7–9 years old in Mashhad, Iran.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional, community-based study with schoolchildren aged 7–9 years old. We randomly selected 20 of 189 elementary schools (three schools per district; 10 male-segregated and 10 female-segregated schools) from a proportional combination of public schools across Mashhad. Basic vision exams were performed. If amblyopia was suspected, children underwent supplementary vision exams. The diagnostic criterion for amblyopia was a best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in one or both eyes equal to or worse than 20/40 or an interocular difference of more than two lines in BCVA without any significant organic pathology.
Results: A total of 2831 children were included in the study. All children were examined comprehensively by an optometrist, and amblyopia was detected in 49/2831 (1.7% [95% CI, 1.22?2.18]). Of the 49 children with amblyopia, 20 (40.8%) were amblyopic in the right eye, 9 (18.4%) in the left eye, and 20 (40.8%) in both eyes. Twenty-four (49%) were first graders, 15 (30.6%) were second graders, and 10 (20.4%) were third graders. The most prevalent subtype of amblyopia was anisometropic amblyopia (57.1%, [95% CI, 43.24?70.96]).
Conclusions: Considering the prevalence of amblyopia among schoolchildren aged 7–9 years old (1.7%), timely detection of amblyopia through preschool screening programs is essential for early treatment or prevention of further visual impairment during childhood.

How to cite this article: Shahpary S, Ramin S, Azimi A, Heyrani M. The prevalence of amblyopia in 7-9-year-old schoolchildren in Mashhad. Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Optom.2021 Spring; 2(1): 18-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdioptometry121
Diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to optic disc pit maculopathy in children
Authors: Kalogeropoulos Dimitrios , Asproudis Ioannis , Ch'ng Soon Wai , Mitra Arijit , Sharma Ash , Katsikatsos Konstantinos , Asproudis Christopher , Kalogeropoulos Chris 
Published: July 2021

Background: Optic disc pit (ODP) is a rare congenital defect of the optic disc that can lead to maculopathy and gradual visual impairment. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to ODP maculopathy (ODP-M) in children.
Methods: A thorough literature search was performed using the PubMed/MEDLINE database from 1960 to 2020. An additional search was conducted using Google Scholar for completeness.
Results: ODP-M is characterized by the accumulation of subretinal and/or intraretinal fluid. The exact pathogenetic mechanisms are not fully understood, and the origin of the fluid remains unknown. Although ODP-M is more likely to occur during the third or fourth decade of life, cases of children with serous retinal detachment have been recorded. Early diagnosis of ODP-M and prompt, appropriate management are crucial, particularly in patients of amblyogenic age. In adults, ODP-M may resolve spontaneously, but most cases require surgical intervention to prevent permanent loss of vision. However, the fact that ODP-M may spontaneously resolve in children cannot be ignored. Various surgical methods have been described, including pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with various techniques, including laser photocoagulation, intravitreal gas injection, and macular buckling.
Conclusions: PPV remains the mainstay surgical approach for ODP-M. However, ODP-M may differ between children and adults. Children constitute a unique population of patients that require a different and probably more tailor-made approach. Detailed clinical examination, combined with a thorough analysis of retinal imaging, may improve our understanding of the background and pathophysiology of the disease and eventually provide us with new insights into the management of ODP-M in the pediatric population.

How to cite this article: Kalogeropoulos D, Asproudis I, Ch’ng SW, Mitra A, Sharma A, Katsikatsos K, Asproudis C, Kalogeropoulos C. Diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to optic disc pit maculopathy in children. Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Optom.2021 Spring; 2(1): 24-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdioptometry122
Vision screening among hearing-impaired school children in Biratnagar, Nepal
Authors: Kumar Sah Sanjay , Thakur Renu , Adhikari Pankaj Ray 
Published: July 2021

Background: The prevalence of hearing impairment in Nepal is 16.5%, affecting approximately 2.71 million people. Deaf children are visually dependent, and even a mild refractive error may cause visual discomfort. The goal of this study was to determine the need for vision screenings in schools for the hearing impaired in Biratnagar, Nepal.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with permission from Birat Deaf Secondary School, Biratnagar, Nepal. A total of 130 hearing-impaired students were examined. Non-invasive, comprehensive optometric examinations were performed to detect visual disorders. When a more detailed evaluation was needed, the students were referred to the Pediatric Ophthalmology Department, Biratnagar Eye Hospital Biratnagar, Nepal.
Results: Of the 130 hearing-impaired students, 58 (44.6%) were male and 72 (55.4%) were female. The mean ± standard deviation of age was 16.03 ± 3.8 years (range 6–25 years). Twenty-one (16.1%) students had refractive errors: 13 (10%) had myopia, 7 (5.4%) had hyperopia, and 1 (0.8%) had anisometropia. In the cover test, 88 (67.7%) had orthophoria, 19 (14.6%) had exophoria, 11 (8.5%) had esophoria, 5 (3.85%) had exotropia, and 3 (2.3%) had esotropia. Cover tests were not performed in 4 (3.1%) students, as they were unable to fixate due to nystagmus or decreased vision. On ocular examination, 20 (15.3%) students had anterior segment abnormalities, including lid abnormality, conjunctivitis, Bitot’s spots, pterygium, corneal opacity, and lenticular opacity. Posterior segment or retinal abnormalities were found in four students with one having Usher syndrome. Color vision defects, nystagmus, and amblyopia were found in 8 (6.1%), 2 (1.5 %), and 1 (0.8%), respectively.
Conclusions: The findings of the present study reflect the need of periodic vision screenings in schools for the hearing impaired in Nepal. These children are at a high risk of vision impairment.

How to cite this article: Sah SK, Thakur R, Adhikari PR. Vision screening among hearing-impaired school children in Biratnagar, Nepal. Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Optom. 2021 Spring; 2(1): 36-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdioptometry123
Effects of aiming lines and visual function on the golf putting alignment
Authors: Kim You-Jin , Jin Young-Gap , Koo Bon-Yeop , Jang Jung-Un , Mah Ki-Choong 
Published: July 2021

Background: In golf, a player hits a ball with a club, aiming to transfer the ball successively into a series of hole cups in a course consisting of 18 (or fewer) holes. This study aimed to compare the impact of visual function and the presence and number of aiming lines on golf putting alignment between beginner and expert golfers.
Methods: In this prospective comparative study, 43 participants with a mean ± standard deviation (SD) of corrected distance binocular visual acuity of –0.07 ± 0.74 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution, who knew their average golf scores, were divided into beginner and expert golfers. Six visual function tests were conducted to assess heterotropia, dominant eye, verification of current spectacles, static visual acuity, stereopsis, and fixation disparity. At the putting distances of 1.5 m and 3 m, alignment errors were measured five times each, using golf balls with 1 and 3 aiming line(s) and putters with 1 and 3 aiming line(s).
Results: The mean ± SD of age was 48.33 ± 10.07 years for study participants overall. The accuracy of ball alignment was not affected by the career or number of aiming lines, but the putter alignment was higher for the 3-lines putter than for the 1-line putter (P < 0.05). When the number and shape of the aiming line were the same for both the ball and putter, the aiming accuracy was found to be higher. In both stereopsis and fixation disparity, the combination of putting distance and a 3-lines ball showed negative values; all other combinations showed positive values, but no statistically significant correlation was detected (all P > 0.05).
Conclusions: The accuracy of golf ball alignment did not depend on the number of aiming lines and the golfer’s career. However, the predicted putting success rate and subjective satisfaction were increased when three-line golf balls and putters were used, as compared to when one-line golf balls and putters were used.

How to cite this article: Kim YJ, Jin YG, Koo BY, Jang JU, Mah KC. Effects of aiming lines and visual function on the golf putting alignment. Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Optom.2021 Spring; 2(1): 41-49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdioptometry124
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE JIGSAW UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPS SISWA KELAS V SD NEGERI 4 TENGANAN SEMESTER II TAHUN PELAJARAN 2018/2019
Authors: ARTA I MADE 
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperbaiki proses pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar IPS melalui penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dirancang dalam dua siklus. Setiap siklus dilaksanakan dalam empat tahapan yaitu : perencanaan, pelaksanaan, evaluasi dan refleksi. Cakupan materi yang dipelajari pada siklus I adalah perjuangan para pejuang pada penjajahan Belanda dan Jepang, dan siklus II peranan tokoh pejuang dalam persiapan kemerdekaan Indonesdia. Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V SDN 4 Tenganan tahun pelajaran 2018/2019 dengan jumlah siswa 10 orang. Objek penelitian ini adalah peningkatan hasil belajar IPS . Data hasil belajar IPS dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan tes hasil belajar yang berjumlah 10 butir soal pilihan ganda. Kreteria keberhasilan tindakan jika rata-rata hasil belajar IPS siswa minimal 75 dengan ketuntasan klasikal minimal 80%. Hasil penelitian tindakan kelas menunjukkan bahwa Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPS siswa kelas V SD Negeri 4 Tenganan Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019. Rata-rata hasil belajar IPS dari siklus I sebesar 73,00 dan siklus II menjadi 84,00 dengan ketuntasan klasikal dari 70% di siklus I menjadi 90% di siklus II. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar IPS sebesar 20,00%..Diharapkan teman sejawat mau mencoba melakukan PTK dalam rangka perbaikan pembelajaran. Dalam pembelajaran di SD khususnya IPS, instansi berwenang seperti Dinas Pendidikan Kecamatan dan instansi lainnya diharapkan dapat menggunakan hasil penelitian ini dalam rangka pengembangan pembelajaran IPS di SD dengan penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN AKTIFITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR TENSES SISWA KELAS X SMAN 2 JEMBER MELALUI” HUWO GAME DAN PEER TUTORING
Authors: MARIYANA MARIYANA 
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan partisipasi dan aktivitas serta hasil belajar siswa kelas X MIPA 8 SMA Negeri 2 Jember melalui teknik Huwo Game dan Peer Tutoring . Bentuk penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas seperti yang dipaparkan oleh Kemmis dan MC Taggart yaitu yang terdiri dari empat komponen yang merupakan siklus mulai dari tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi, refleksi dan revisi . Penelitian ini dibagi menjadi 2 siklus yaitu siklus I dan II dan masing-masing siklus terdiri dari 3 pertemuan. Seluruh data diperoleh melalui observasi, tes dan wawancara. Penerapan Huwo Game dan Peer Tutoring ini dapat meningkatkan partisipasi dan aktivitas siswa dalam pembelajaran yaitu persentase keaktifan siswa mencapai 95,4%. Dengan teknik ini persentase jumlah siswa yang aktif menjawab pertanyaan guru mencapai 91,7% dan yang aktif dalam diskusi kelompok mencapai 94,4% sementara tingkat kehadiran siswa stabil yaitu 100%.Tidak hanya partisipasi dan aktivitas siswa yang meningkat akan tetapi jumlah siswa yang tuntas belajar meningkat sangat signifikan dari sebelum pelaksanaan siklus I sampai pada akhir siklus II yaitu pada pra siklus hanya 17 siswa (47,2 %), menjadi 28 (78 %) setelah siklus I dan menjadi 34 (94 % )setelah siklus II. Dengan penerapan teknik Huwo Game dan Peer Tutoring pada pembelajaran Tenses, hasil belajar siswa mencapai ketuntasan secara klasikal yaitu lebih dari 85%.
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENYANYIKAN LAGU INDONESIA RAYA MELALUI GABUNGAN TEKNIK FILM DAN DEMONSTRASI TERHADAP SISWA KELAS XI 3 DI SMA NEGERI 2 NGAWI TAHUN PELAJARAN 2018/2019
Authors: SETYANINGIH ANA ARY 
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini menggunakan tindakan kelas dengan model Gabungan Teknik Film dan Demonstrasi. Lewat film, informasi dapat disampaikan secara mendalam. Media ini banyak digemari orang karena dapat dijadikan sebagai hiburan dan penyalur hobby. Selain itu, juga sebagai media pendidikan maupun menyampaikan pesan kepada masyarakat. Sedangkan metode demonstrasi merupakan cara pembelajaran dengan memperagakan atau mempertunjukan kepada siswa suatu proses, situasi, benda, atau cara kerja suatu produk teknologi yang sedang dipelajari yang bertujuan agar peserta didik memperoleh pengalaman belajar secara langsung setelah melihat, melakukan dan merasakan. Hasil dari tindakan kelas ini dapat dikatakan berhasil hal ini dapat dilihat dari semakin mantapnya pemahaman siswa terhadap materi yang disampaikan guru (rata-rata kelas dari siklus I dan ke II) yaitu masing-masing 78,89 dan 80,69. Pada siklus II kelas dalam keadaan tuntas.
MENGGALI POTENSI MINAT DAN BAKAT SISWA INKLUSIF DI SEKOLAH METAL DENGAN PARENTING, KONSELING, DAN SKILL EDUCATION
Authors: FARID ACHMAD 
Published: July 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah siswa dapat mengetahui cara menggali potensi minat dan bakat siswa ABK di SMP Negeri 27 Surabaya. Kemudian selanjutnya siswa dapat mengetahui kendala yang dihadapi sekolah dalam menggali potensi minat dan bakat siswa ABK di SMP Negeri 27 Surabaya dan dapat mengetahui upaya sekolah dalam menggali minat dan bakat siswa ABK di SMP Negeri 27 Surabaya. Metode yang dipakai dalam penulisan makalah ini deskriptif yaitu dokumentasi dan kajian pustaka/Literatur. Kajian pusta literatur di peroleh dari buku-buku di perpustakaan dan beberapa jurnal yang seseuai dengan tema artikel yang penulis buat. Pada awalnya penulis mengindentifikasi permasalahan pembelajaran ABK melalui pengamatan dan wawancara, serta menganalisis secara lengkap hasil tersebut secara deskriptifif. Hasil tindak lanjut menunjukan bahwa antara guru pembimbing khusus dalam melihat karakteristik siswa ABK dilihat dari hasil pembelajaran, rasa ingin tahu, serta sikap siswa dalam keseharian. Guru khusus dalam prakteknya banyak memberikan kegiatan yang bersifat keterampilan ( Skill education) untuk dapat mengetahui berbagai potensi minat bakat siswanya, demikian juga kerja sama sekolah dengan orang tua ( Parenting) sangat menentukan minat bakat anaknya, tentunya juga tidak terlepas dari bimbingan dan koseling dari Psikolog,baik melalui dialog maupun test kemampuan minat dan bakat sesuai dengan anak-anak berkebutuhan khusus. Rekomendasi ini diberikan kepada siswa yang berkebutuhan khusus untuk masuk ke SMA/K Negeri melalui jalur prestasi, jalur inklusi ,
WAGFORM SEBAGAI ALAT EVALUASI PJJ DI SEKOLAH BINAAN
Authors: MARLINA AI MARLINA 
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan proses dan hasil pelaksanaan evaluasi Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh (PJJ) di Sekolah Binaan Kabupaten Sukabumi menggunakan WAGFORM. Aplikasi WhatsApp Group dan Google Form sebagai bagian integral dalam google drive. Aplikasi ini digunakan dalam membantu menggali informasi dan penilaian dalam Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh (PJJ) non tatap muka. Kelebihan aplikasi online ini gratis, murah terjangkau masyarakat, mudah, praktis dalam penggunaanya, serta efektif, dan efisien. WAGFORM diterapkan sebagai salah satu alat evaluasi PJJ pada masa pandemik corona virus disease 2019 (Covid-19) yang sedang melanda tanah air bahkan dunia internasional.
PERUBAHAN GAYA BELAJAR DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: ALDIYAH EVY 
Published: July 2021

Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh dimulai seiring meningkatnya pandemi covid-19, mengiikuti kebijakan yang diatur oleh pemerintah. Akibat dari salah satu kebijakan tersebut adalah berubahnya cara belajar siswa dan cara mengajar guru. Perubahan tersebut juga membuat perubahan gaya belajar. Literature review ini bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan dan menganalisa serta mencari kesamaan pandangan terhadap perubahan gaya belajar siswa dan guru selama masa pandemi, serta dapat memberikan kontribusi keilmuan di masa mendatang. Menggunakan desain literature review dengan artikel dan jurnal yang terbit pada rentang waktu bulan Juni 2020 sampai dengan Desember 2020. Dari 5 artikel terpilih dan telah dianalisa di dapat hasil bahwa pembelajaran daring di masa pandemi covid-19 membawa perubahan gaya belajar siswa. Ada perubahan gaya belajar positif dimana siswa menjadi lebih aktif dan kreatif, ada juga perubahan negatif dimana terjadi penurunan motivasi belajar siswa. Pendidik (guru dan dosen) adalah kunci utama sebagai penentu perubahan gaya belajar di masa pandemi covid-19 ini dan dituntut untuk kreatif dan inovatif dalam membangun minat dan motivasi belajar siswa. Disamping itu teknologi juga perlu terus ditingkatkan kualitasnya sebagai sarana terpenting yang mendukung proses tersebut. Pemerintah diharapkan tidak menutup mata terhadap masalah yang terjadi terkait dengan teknologi sebagai sarana pendukung pembelajaran daring atau pembelajaran jarak jauh.
PENGALAMAN TERBAIK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS ENDING TEKS NARRATIVE SISWA KELAS X IPA 2 SMA NEGERI 1 BATANG ANAI MELALUI GULA
Authors: MARJENNY MARJENNY 
Published: July 2021

This best paper is aimed to know whether the use of Google Classroom as a Learning Management System (LMS), or Gula for short, can give significant effect cognitively, practically and affectively toward students’ skill in writing at Grade X MIPA 2 of SMAN 1 Batang Anai. The paper was a writer’s best practice. The research was conducted at XI MIPA 2 students of SMA Negeri 1 Batang Anai, which consisted of 32 students, in 2019/2020 academic year. The instrument of the paper was writing test. The data were analyzed by comparing students’ writing test before and after administering the strategy. Based on the result of the test and the writer’s observation, it was found that Gula gave significant effect toward students’ writing skill, especially in KD 4.2 namely writing an ending of a narrative text It was proved by the result of the test which showed that (1) the mean score of the students’ writing test was 82 higher than that which was 74, (2) students participated actively and collaborated integratively in teaching and learning process, (3) the media accommodated not only extrovert students but also introvert ones, (4) the teaching and learning process was fun and enjoyable, and (5) the media implemented multiliteracies in enhancing students’ character. Based on the result above, it is concluded that Gula could improve students’ writing skill significantly. Therefore, it is also suggested to English teachers at SMA level to apply this LMS as an alternative collaborative learning media in teaching writing in English especially and other subjects as well.