bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decomposition of carbon adsorbed on iron (III)-treated clays and their effect on the stability of soil organic carbon and external carbon inputs
Authors: You Mengyang , Zhu-Barker Xia , Doane Timothy A. , Horwath William R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe interaction of organic carbon (OC) with clay and metals stabilizes soil carbon (C), but the influence of specific clay-metal-OC assemblages (flocs) needs further evaluation. This study aimed to investigate the stability of flocs in soil as affected by external C inputs. Flocs representing OC-mineral soil fractions were synthesized using dissolved organic C (DOC) combined with kaolinite (1:1 layer structure) or montmorillonite (2:1 layer structure) clays in the absence or presence of two levels of Fe (III) (named low or high Fe). Flocs were mixed with soil (classified as Luvisol) and incubated with or without 13C labelled plant residue (i.e., ryegrass) for 30 days. The CO2 emissions and DOC concentrations as well as their 13C signatures from all treatments were examined. Total C mineralization from flocs was approximately 70% lower than non-flocced DOC. The flocs made with montmorillonite had 16–43% lower C mineralization rate than those made with kaolinite with no Fe or low Fe. However, when flocs were made with high Fe, clay mineralogy did not significantly affect total C mineralization. A positive priming effect (PE) of flocs on native soil OC was observed in all treatments, with a stronger PE found in lower Fe treatments. The high-Fe clay flocs inhibited ryegrass decomposition, while the flocs made without clay had no impact on it. Interestingly, flocs significantly decreased the PE of ryegrass on native soil OC decomposition. These results indicate that the adsorption of DOC onto clay minerals in the presence of Fe (III) stabilizes it against decomposition processes and its stability increases as Fe in flocs increases. Flocs also protect soil OC from the PE of external degradable plant C input. This study showed that Fe level and clay mineralogy play an important role in controlling soil C stability.
Characterisation of pH variations along the Ba River in Fiji utilising the GEF R2R framework during the 2019 sugarcane season
Authors: Metherall Nicholas , Holland Elisabeth , Beavis Sara , Vinaka Adi Mere Dralolo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWithin Pacific Small Island Developing States (Pacific SIDS), the ridge-to-reef (R2R) approach has emerged as a framework for monitoring river connectivity between terrestrial and marine ecosystems. The study measured water quality, including pH, over 88.40 km of the Ba River in Fiji. The sampling design focused on measuring spatio-temporal variability in pH throughout the sugarcane season with three rapid sampling periods (RSP1, 2 & 3) along the Ba River, together with continuous measurement of temperature and pH using stationary data loggers at two locations upstream and downstream of the sugar mill. Spatial variability in pH and water quality was characterised before (RSP1 and RSP2) and during (RSP3) the sugarcane season. Mean pH measured before the sugarcane crushing season for RSP1 and RSP2 were 8.16 (± 0.49) and 8.20 (± 0.61) respectively. During the sugarcane crushing season (RSP3), mean pH declined by 3.06 units to 6.94 within 42 m downstream of the sugar mill (P ≤ 0.001). The 3.06 unit decline in pH for RSP3 exceeded both the mean diurnal variation in pH of 0.39 and mean seasonal variation in pH of 2.01. This decline in pH could be a potential source of acidification to downstream coastal ecosystems with implications for coral reefs, biodiversity and fishery livelihoods.
On cosmological expansion and local physics
Authors: Pons J. M. , Talavera P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe find an exact convergence in the local dynamics described by two supposedly antagonistic approaches applied at the local, solar system scale: one starting from an expanding universe perspective such as FLRW, the other based on a local model ignoring any notion of expansion, such as static Schwarzschild dS. Both models are in complete agreement when the local effects of the expansion are circumscribed to the presence of the cosmological constant. We elaborate on the relevant role of static backgrounds like the Schwarzschild-dS metric in standard form as the most proper coordinatizations to describe physics at the local scale. We also elaborate on the popular expanding 3-space picture—to be distinguished from that of the expanding universe—and point out the confusion of scales which is typically associated with it. Finally, making use of an old and too often forgotten relativistic kinematical invariant, we address some remaining misunderstandings on space expansion, cosmological and gravitational redshifts. As a byproduct we propose a unique and unambiguous prescription to match the local and cosmological expression of a specific observable.
Social Media and Cyber-Bullying in Autistic Adults
Authors: Triantafyllopoulou Paraskevi , Clark-Hughes Charlotte , Langdon Peter E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSocial media can lead to rejection, cyber-bullying victimisation, and cyber-aggression, and these experiences are not fully understood as experienced by autistic adults. To investigate this, 78 autistic adults completed self-report measures of social media use, cyber-bullying victimisation, cyber-aggression, and self-esteem. High levels of social media use were found to be associated with an increased risk of cyber-victimisation; whereas self-esteem was positively correlated with feelings of belonging to an online community and negatively correlated with feelings of being ignored on social network sites and chat rooms. Future studies are needed to further investigate the experience of cyber-bullying victimisation of autistic adults.
Study of the protective effects of cosmetic ingredients on the skin barrier, based on the expression of barrier-related genes and cytokines
Authors: Ding Wenyu , Fan Linna , Tian Yan , He Congfen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Sensitive skin is the result of a complex process that is closely linked to the damage of the skin barrier. There are no recognized methods for evaluating the efficacy of anti-allergy products.

Methods
In this study, a model of skin barrier damage was created by treating HaCaT cells with 60 μg/ml of sodium dodecyl sulfate for 48 h. The protective effects of nine cosmetic ingredients, including oat extract (S1), on the skin barrier were investigated based on the gene expression levels of aquaporin3 (AQP3), filaggrin (FLG), caspase-14 (CASP14), and human tissue kallikrein7 (KLK7), as well as those of various interleukins (IL) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

Results
Among the nine ingredients, S1 had a good protective effect on the function of the skin barrier. It promoted the expression of AQP3, FLG, and CASP14, while inhibiting the expression of KLK7 in HaCaT cells, at a concentration of 0.06%. It also maintained IL-6, IL-8, and VEGF at appropriate levels while promoting the proliferation and differentiation of HaCaT cells.

Conclusions
The above indicators allow for the preliminary establishment of a method to evaluate the efficacy of the barrier protection ability of sensitive skin.
Medical care provision at the venue of the weightlifting event of the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games
Authors: Ashikaga Kohei , Yoneyama Kihei , Hirayama Kuniaki , Suzuki Tatsuhiro , Muroi Ryota , Inoue Rumiko , Ishibashi Yuki , Nakase Junsuke , Takeda Hideaki , Fujiya Hiroto 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the medical care provided at the venue of the weightlifting event of the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games.

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated athletes who availed of medical services at the venue during the weightlifting event of the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games. In total, 194 athletes participated in the weightlifting competition.
Injuries and illnesses were classified into cases handled without physician or cases requiring medical examination by a physician. These were tabulated for each examination location (athlete medical station, field of play [FOP], first-aid station of training floor or warm-up area).

Results
Throughout the event, a cumulative total of 132 people used the venue medical services. Nine athletes required medical attention at the athlete medical stations. Of these nine cases, six occurred on the training floor. In the FOP, nine athletes were examined. Two experienced light-headedness, two had knee pain, and the rest had other symptoms. No athletes wanted to undergo medical examination at the athlete medical station. 89 medical procedures were performed in the first-aid station on the training floor, including 52 tapings and 37 ice compressions, and the most frequent body part which needed treatment was the knee, followed by the fingers. At the first-aid station on the match floor, 25 medical procedures were performed, including 17 ice compressions, 5 haemostasis, and 4 tapings. The body parts that most frequently needed treatment were the fingers, knees, and lower legs.

Conclusion
Several athletes needed treatment; however, only a few required medical care from a physician.
Root-associated microbiota drive phytoremediation strategies to lead of Sonchus Asper (L.) Hill as revealed by intercropping-induced modifications of the rhizosphere microbiome
Authors: Mei Xinyue , Wang Ying , Li Zuran , Larousse Marie , Pere Arthur , da Rocha Martine , Zhan Fangdong , He Yongmei , Pu Linlong , Panabières Franck , Zu Yanqun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntercropping or assistant endophytes promote phytoremediation capacities of hyperaccumulators and enhance their tolerance to heavy metal (HM) stress. Findings from a previous study showed that intercropping the hyperaccumulator Sonchus asper (L.) Hill grown in HM-contaminated soils with maize improved the remediating properties and indicated an excluder-to-hyperaccumulator switched mode of action towards lead. In the current study, RNA-Seq analysis was conducted on Sonchus roots grown under intercropping or monoculture systems to explore the molecular events underlying this shift in lead sequestering strategy. The findings showed that intercropping only slightly affects S. asper transcriptome but significantly affects expression of root-associated microbial genomes. Further, intercropping triggers significant reshaping of endophytic communities associated with a ‘root-to-shoot’ transition of lead sequestration and improved phytoremediation capacities of S. asper. These findings indicate that accumulator activities of a weed are partially attributed to the root-associated microbiota, and a complex network of plant–microbe-plant interactions shapes the phytoremediation potential of S. asper. Analysis showed that intercropping may significantly change the structure of root-associated communities resulting in novel remediation properties, thus providing a basis for improving phytoremediation practices to restore contaminated soils.
Long-Term Effects of Integrated Strategies of Community Health Promotion on Diabetes Mellitus Mortality: a Natural Policy Experiment Based on Aggregated Longitudinal Secondary Data
Authors: Röding Dominik , Walter Ulla , Dreier Maren 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntegrated strategies of community health promotion (ISCHP) are based on intersectoral collaborations using the Health in All Policies approach to address determinants of health. While effects on health determinants have been shown, evidence on the effectiveness of ISCHP on health outcomes is scarce. The aim of this study is to assess the long-term effects of ISCHP on diabetes mellitus mortality (DMM) in German communities. A nonrandomized evaluation based on secondary county-level official data (1998–2016) was performed. In April 2019, 149 communities in Germany with ISCHP out of 401 were identified. Communities with < 5 measurements of DMM, starting before 1999 or after 2015, were excluded. Analyses included 65 communities with ISCHP (IG) and 124 without ISCHP (CG). ISCHP ran for a mean of 5.6 years. Fixed effects (FE) models were used to estimate effects of ISCHP and duration on DMM taking into account the time-varying average age. The FE estimator for DMM is b =  − 2.48 (95% CI − 3.45 to − 1.51) for IG vs. CG and b =  − 0.30 (95% CI − 0.46 to − 0.14) for ISCHP duration (0–16 years). In the first year of an ISCHP, a reduction of the annual DMM of 0.3 per 100,000 population (1%), and in the 16th year of 4.8 (14%) was achieved. This study provides preliminary evidence of the effectiveness of ISCHP in Germany. Limitations include inaccuracies to classify IG and CG and possible selection bias. Longitudinal county-level data may be an efficient data source to evaluate complex interventions, thereby contributing to further strengthen evidence-based integrated health promotion.
Fully automated deep learning-based localization and segmentation of the locus coeruleus in aging and Parkinson’s disease using neuromelanin-sensitive MRI
Authors: Dünnwald Max , Ernst Philipp , Düzel Emrah , Tönnies Klaus , Betts Matthew J. , Oeltze-Jafra Steffen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Purpose

Development and performance measurement of a fully automated pipeline that localizes and segments the locus coeruleus in so-called neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging data for the derivation of quantitative biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.

Methods

We propose a pipeline composed of several 3D-Unet-based convolutional neural networks for iterative multi-scale localization and multi-rater segmentation and non-deep learning-based components for automated biomarker extraction. We trained on the healthy aging cohort and did not carry out any adaption or fine-tuning prior to the application to Parkinson’s disease subjects.

Results

The localization and segmentation pipeline demonstrated sufficient performance as measured by Euclidean distance (on average around 1.3mm on healthy aging subjects and 2.2mm in Parkinson’s disease subjects) and Dice similarity coefficient (overall around $$71\%$$

71
%

on healthy aging subjects and $$60\%$$

60
%

for subjects with Parkinson’s disease) as well as promising agreement with respect to contrast ratios in terms of intraclass correlation coefficient of $$\ge 0.80$$

≥
0.80

for healthy aging subjects compared to a manual segmentation procedure. Lower values ($$\ge 0.48$$

≥
0.48

) for Parkinson’s disease subjects indicate the need for further investigation and tests before the application to clinical samples.

Conclusion

These promising results suggest the usability of the proposed algorithm for data of healthy aging subjects and pave the way for further investigations using this approach on different clinical datasets to validate its practical usability more conclusively.
Emil Julius Gumbel
Authors: Rendtel Ulrich , Wasmuht Ulrike C. , Wilrich Peter-Theodor 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungEmil J. Gumbel ist der Namensgeber der jährlichen Gumbel-Vorlesung auf der Statistischen Woche. Leider ist der Namensgeber dieser Vorlesung nur noch wenigen Teilnehmern und Vortragenden bekannt. Dieser Artikel möchten diesem Defizit abhelfen. Denn Gumbel war nicht nur der Namensgeber irgendeiner statistischen Verteilung.Der Aufsatz beschreibt den Lebensweg Gumbels vom Weltkriegsteilnehmer zu einem weithin bekannten Pazifisten, der die politischen Morde in der frühen Weimarer Republik mit statistischen Schlußweisen analysierte. Seine Zahlenwerke legten die Defizite der Rechtssprechung in der Weimarer Republik offen. Die Richter kompromittierten sich mit ihren Urteilen. Seine Statistik-Professur an der Universität Heidelberg verlor er nach Angriffen der NS-Studenten und einer deutsch-nationalistischen Universitätsleitung noch vor Beginn der NS-Herrschaft. Wir schildern Gumbels Emigration erst nach Frankreich und von da in die USA und seine vergeblichen Versuche, wieder an deutschen Universitäten aufgenommen zu werden.Im zweiten Teil skizzieren wir Gumbels wissenschaftliches Werk im Bereich der Statistik der Extremwerte. Gumbel schrieb nicht nur den Klassiker dieses Statistik-Bereichs. Er baute auch vielen Ingenieuren einen fachlichen Zugang mit leicht berechenbaren und gut interpretierbaren Diagrammen.Schließlich schildert einer der Autoren, der Gumbel noch persönlich kannte, seine Erinnerungen an den freundlichen und interessierten Gastprofessor aus den USA.
Collateral Supply in Preclinical Cerebral Stroke Models
Authors: Bonnin Philippe , Kubis Nathalie , Charriaut-Marlangue Christiane 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEnhancing the collateral blood supply during the acute phase of cerebral ischemia may limit both the extension of the core infarct, by rescuing the penumbra area, and the degree of disability. Many imaging techniques have been applied to rodents in preclinical studies, to evaluate the magnitude of collateral blood flow and the time course of responses during the early phase of ischemic stroke. The collateral supply follows several different routes at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis) and its surface (leptomeningeal or pial arteries), corresponding to the proximal and distal collateral pathways, respectively. In this review, we describe and illustrate the cerebral collateral systems and their modifications following pre-Willis or post-Willis occlusion in rodents. We also review the potential pharmaceutical agents for stimulating the collateral blood supply tested to date. The time taken to establish a collateral blood flow supply through the leptomeningeal anastomoses differs between young and adult animals and between different species and genetic backgrounds. Caution is required when transposing preclinical findings to humans, and clinical trials must be performed to check the added value of pharmacological agents for stimulating the collateral blood supply at appropriate time points. However, collateral recruitment appears to be a rapid, beneficial, endogenous mechanism that can be stimulated shortly after artery occlusion. It should be considered a treatment target for use in addition to recanalization strategies.
Tissue-specific DNA damage response in Mouse Whole-body irradiation
Authors: Lee Seon-Gyeong , Kim Namwoo , Park In Bae , Park Jun Hong , Myung Kyungjae 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Genomic instability is a hallmark of various cancers, and DNA repair is an essential process for maintaining genomic integrity. Mammalian cells have developed various DNA repair mechanisms in response to DNA damage. Compared to the cellular response to DNA damage, the in vivo DNA damage response (DDR) of specific tissues has not been studied extensively.

Objective
In this study, mice were exposed to whole-body gamma (γ)-irradiation to evaluate the specific DDR of various tissues. We treated male C57BL6/J mice with γ-irradiation at different doses, and the DDR protein levels in different tissues were analyzed.

Results
The level of gamma-H2A histone family member X (γH2AX) increased in most organs after exposure to γ-irradiation. In particular, the liver, lung, and kidney tissues showed higher γH2AX induction upon DNA damage, compared to that in the brain, muscle, and testis tissues. RAD51 was highly expressed in the testis, irrespective of irradiation. The levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and ubiquitinated PCNA increased in lung tissues upon irradiation, suggesting that the post-replication repair may mainly operate in the lungs in response to γ-irradiation.

Conclusion
These results suggest that each tissue has a preferable repair mechanism in response to γ-irradiation. Therefore, the understanding and application of tissue-specific DNA damage responses could improve the clinical approach of radiotherapy for treating specific cancers.
What We Measure Matters: The Case of the Missing Development Data in Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction Monitoring
Authors: Chmutina Ksenia , von Meding Jason , Sandoval Vicente , Boyland Michael , Forino Giuseppe , Cheek Wesley , Williams Darien Alexander , Gonzalez-Muzzio Claudia , Tomassi Isabella , Páez Holmes , Marchezini Victor 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015−2030’s (SFDRR) framing moved away from disaster risk as a natural phenomenon to the examination of the inequality and injustice at the root of human vulnerability to hazards and disasters. Yet, its achievements have not seriously challenged the long-established capitalist systems of oppression that hinder the development leading to disaster risk creation. This article is an exploratory mapping exercise of and a collective reflection on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and SFDRR indicators—and their use in measuring progress towards disaster risk reduction (DRR). We highlight that despite the rhetoric of vulnerability, the measurement of progress towards DRR remains event/hazard-centric. We argue that the measurement of disaster risk could be greatly enhanced by the integration of development data in future iterations of global DRR frameworks for action.
Coagulation and Aging: Implications for the Anesthesiologist
Authors: Tschan Sarina L. , Bolliger Daniel 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This narrative review focuses on aging-related modifications in coagulation resulting in increased thromboembolic and hemorrhagic risk of the elderly. We further discuss the current evidence and emerging data relating the perioperative treatment of elderly patients with antithrombotic therapy.

Recent Findings
Relevant changes in all elements of the Virchow’s triad can be found with aging. Increased blood stasis due to immobility, progressive endothelial dysfunction with altered microcirculation, elevated concentrations of several coagulation factors, and increased platelet reactivity all lead to a procoagulant state. Elderly people are, therefore, commonly treated with oral anticoagulation and antiplatelet drugs. This antithrombotic therapy might be essentially causative for their increased bleeding risk.

Summary
Elderly patients are at increased risk for thromboembolism due to changes in the hemostatic system in combination with frailty and multimorbidity. Both the thromboembolic due to aging and bleeding risk due to antithrombotic therapy need special attention in the elderly surgical patients.