bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age-dating Red Giant Stars Associated with Galactic Disk and Halo Substructures
Authors: Grunblatt Samuel K. , Zinn Joel C. , Price-Whelan Adrian M. , Angus Ruth , Saunders Nicholas , Hon Marc , Stokholm Amalie , Bellinger Earl P. , Martell Sarah L. , Mosser Benoit , Cunningham Emily , Tayar Jamie , Huber Daniel , Rørsted Jakob Lysgaard , Silva Aguirre Victor 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The vast majority of Milky Way stellar halo stars were likely accreted from a small number (≲3) of relatively large dwarf galaxy accretion events. However, the timing of these events is poorly constrained and predominantly relies on indirect dynamical mixing arguments or imprecise age measurements of stars associated with debris structures. Here, we aim to infer robust stellar ages for stars associated with galactic substructures to more directly constrain the merger history of the Galaxy. By combining kinematic, asteroseismic, and spectroscopic data where available, we infer stellar ages for a sample of 10 red giant stars that were kinematically selected to be within the stellar halo, a subset of which are associated with the Gaia–Enceladus–Sausage halo substructure, and compare their ages to 3 red giant stars in the Galactic disk. Despite systematic differences in both absolute and relative ages determined here, age rankings of stars in this sample are robust. Passing the same observable inputs to multiple stellar age determination packages, we measure a weighted average age for the Gaia–Enceladus–Sausage stars in our sample of 8 ± 3 (stat.) ± 1 (sys.) Gyr. We also determine hierarchical ages using isochrones for the populations of Gaia–Enceladus–Sausage, in situ halo and disk stars, finding a Gaia–Enceladus–Sausage population age of 8.0

−
2.3

+
3.2

Gyr. Although we cannot distinguish hierarchical population ages of halo or disk structures with our limited data and sample of stars, this framework should allow a distinct characterization of Galactic substructures using larger stellar samples and additional data available in the near future.
Feeding the Accretion Disk from the Dusty Torus in a Reddened Quasar
Authors: Li Ge , Shi Xiheng , Tian Qiguo , Sun Luming , Shu Xinwen , Chen Xiangjun , Zhou Hongyan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We present here a detailed analysis of an unusual absorption line system in the quasar SDSS J122826.79+100532.2. The absorption lines in the system have a common redshifted velocity structure starting from v ∼ 0 and extending to ∼1000 km s−1, and are clearly detected in the hydrogen Balmer series up to Hι, in the metastable neutral helium triplet, and in optical lines of excited states of single ionized iron. We estimated that the absorber has a density n
H ≈ 108.4 cm−3 and an ionization parameter U ≈ 10−1.2, thereupon we located it at r
abs ≈ 1.5 pc from the central supermassive black hole. The inferred distance is remarkably similar to the evaporation radius for dust grains r
evap ≈ 1 pc in the quasar. Thus the absorber may be a probe of an inflow starting from the dusty torus and feeding the accretion disk. Both the featureless continuum and the broad emission lines are heavily reddened with E(B − V) ≈ 0.66, in contrast to the narrow emission lines whose reddening is negligible. The dusty medium could be located in between the broad and narrow emission line regions, and possibly be associated with a “cold” narrow absorption line system detected in Ca ii and Na i doublets nearly unshifted from the quasar systemic velocity. SDSS J122826.79+100532.2 might represent such a rare case that both the inflow and the torus could be tracked by absorption lines.
Molecular Dynamics Approach for Predicting Release Temperatures of Noble Gases in Presolar Nanodiamonds
Authors: Aghajamali Alireza , Shiryaev Andrey A. , Marks Nigel A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Presolar meteoritic nanodiamond grains carry an array of isotopically distinct noble gas components and provide information on the history of nucleosynthesis, galactic mixing, and the formation of the solar system. In this paper, we develop a molecular dynamics approach to predict the thermal release pattern of implanted noble gases (He and Xe) in nanodiamonds. We provide atomistic details of the unimodal temperature release distribution for He and a bimodal behavior for Xe. Intriguingly, our model shows that the thermal release process of noble gases is highly sensitive to the impact and annealing parameters, as well as the position of the implanted ion in the crystal lattice and morphology of the nanograin. In addition, the model elegantly explains the unimodal and bimodal patterns of noble gas release via the interstitial and substitutional types of defects formed. In summary, our simulations confirm that low-energy ion implantation is a viable way to incorporate noble gases into nanodiamonds, and we provide an explanation of the experimentally observed peculiarities of gas release.
Témoignages, expériences, démonstrations
Authors: Quiviger Gwenael 
Published: August 2021

Certaines pratiques culturelles collectives comme les danses traditionnelles font intervenir l’héritage culturel individuel, familial et communautaire, un ensemble patrimonial et mémoriel à « activer » en tant que savoir et savoir-faire. Ces « capacités » peuvent être mobilisées au sein d’une intervention sociale interculturelle par la mise en place d’un processus d’appropriation du pouvoir d’agir respectant la culture de la personne.
L’empowerment par l’animation d’un atelier philosophie/débat : augmenter le pouvoir d’agir par l’agir communicationnel, au sein d’un espace public démocratique et participatif
Authors: Mandelcwajg Sacha 
Published: August 2021

En tant qu'animateur social pour des séniors au sein d'une institution médico-sociale, nous animons avec une trentaine d’usagers un atelier philosophie / débat depuis cinq ans. Notre question de départ est la suivante : dans quelle mesure cet atelier est-il un espace public qui rend possible l’empowerment de ses membres, et permet une démocratie participative où chaque usager peut prendre la parole et contribuer au débat ? Pour répondre à cette question, nous mobilisons essentiellement la théorie de l’agir communicationnel et le concept d’espace public chez Habermas. Cela nous permettra de résoudre la problématique de l’animation sociale autour de l’injonction à la participation. Notons que les noms des personnes mentionnées dans cette article sont modifiés pour respecter leur anonymat.
Questionnements et enjeux pour les travailleurs sociaux : milieu engagé, entre Pouvoir d’Agir et neutralité politique
Authors: Decamp André 
Published: August 2021

Peut-on allier neutralité politique et pouvoir d’agir ? Quelle posture adopter pour un responsable de centre social, en évitant influence environnementale, économique, sociale ? Le « pouvoir d’agir » des structures sociales devient incompatible avec la rentabilité et la dépendance financière. Populations, militants, intervenants et interactions humaines en sont impactés. Il devient illusoire de concrétiser le « pouvoir d’agir » en « puissance d’agir ».
Preparing Families of Intensive Care Patients for Withdrawal of Life Support: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kirchhoff Karin T. , Palzkill Jenna , Kowalkowski Jennifer , Mork Anne , Gretarsdottir Elfa 
Published: August 2021

Background Most deaths in intensive care occur after withdrawal of life support. Although preparation of patients’ families is recommended, the specific information required has not been theoretically developed or tested.
Objective To assess the feasibility of testing 4 tailored messages to prepare families of patients having a planned withdrawal of life support, to assess barriers to conducting such a study, and to obtain preliminary data on measurable effects that could be used to compare such preparation with usual care. Self-regulation theory was used to structure the messages.
Methods Families were randomly assigned to usual care (n=10) or to an intervention group (n=10) that received 1 of 4 tailored messages to prepare them for withdrawal of life support. They were contacted 2 to 4 weeks later to complete the Profile of Mood States and to give their evaluation of the experience, inclusive of the information received.
Results Compared with the usual-care group, the intervention group was significantly more satisfied with the information they received and understood better what was to happen. The intervention group had lower negative mood scores and higher positive mood scores than did the usual-care group, although the difference was not significant. Unsolicited comments by the usual-care participants were requests for the specific information that had been received by the intervention group.
Conclusions The information provided was considered helpful. A larger sample might yield more significant differences. Further work is needed on other aspects of preparation such as healthcare support, spiritual issues, and preparation for funeral arrangements.
Design of Broadly Cross-Reactive M Protein–Based Group A Streptococcal Vaccines
Authors: Aranha Michelle P , Penfound Thomas A , Salehi Sanaz , Botteaux Anne , Smeesters Pierre , Dale James B , Smith Jeremy C 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Group A streptococcal infections are a significant cause of global morbidity and mortality. A leading vaccine candidate is the surface M protein, a major virulence determinant and protective Ag. One obstacle to the development of M protein–based vaccines is the &gt;200 different M types defined by the N-terminal sequences that contain protective epitopes. Despite sequence variability, M proteins share coiled-coil structural motifs that bind host proteins required for virulence. In this study, we exploit this potential Achilles heel of conserved structure to predict cross-reactive M peptides that could serve as broadly protective vaccine Ags. Combining sequences with structural predictions, six heterologous M peptides in a sequence-related cluster were predicted to elicit cross-reactive Abs with the remaining five nonvaccine M types in the cluster. The six-valent vaccine elicited Abs in rabbits that reacted with all 11 M peptides in the cluster and functional opsonic Abs against vaccine and nonvaccine M types in the cluster. We next immunized mice with four sequence-unrelated M peptides predicted to contain different coiled-coil propensities and tested the antisera for cross-reactivity against 41 heterologous M peptides. Based on these results, we developed an improved algorithm to select cross-reactive peptide pairs using additional parameters of coiled-coil length and propensity. The revised algorithm accurately predicted cross-reactive Ab binding, improving the Matthews correlation coefficient from 0.42 to 0.74. These results form the basis for selecting the minimum number of N-terminal M peptides to include in potentially broadly efficacious multivalent vaccines that could impact the overall global burden of group A streptococcal diseases.
Efficacy of NB-UVB in Progressive Versus Non-Progressive Non-Segmental Vitiligo
Authors: Bhatia Saurabh , Khaitan Binod K. , Gupta Vishal , Khandpur Sujay , Sahni Kanika , Sreenivas Vishnubhatla 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
Narrow-band (NB) ultraviolet B (UVB) phototherapy has been shown to halt disease progression in vitiligo, but whether there is any difference in the response to NB-UVB seen in patients with progressive vitiligo versus non-progressive vitiligo has not been evaluated.

Objectives:
To evaluate the effect of NB-UVB on progressive versus non-progressive non-segmental vitiligo.

Study Design:
Prospective observational comparative study.

Duration:
April 2016-November 2017.

Methods:
Adult patients having non-segmental vitiligo involving 2-50% body surface area were divided into two subsets; patients developing >5 lesions in the last 1 month or >15 lesions in the last 3 months (progressive vitiligo, Group I) and patients with static disease for the last 6 months (non-progressive vitiligo, Group II). Both groups were treated with NB-UVB for 6 months (26 weeks) cumulatively and its efficacy in halting disease progression, re-pigmentation, side effects and psychosocial impact were evaluated.

Results:
Nineteen out of 24 patients with progressive vitiligo had arrest of disease progression. Rest five patients developed lesions at a slower pace. Group II had earlier onset of re-pigmentation, while Group I had more NB-UVB fluence (34.73 J/cm2 vs 25.2 J/cm2, P value = 0.034), more time for the fluence to be fixed (P value = 0.001) and more pruritus (P value = 0.001).

Conclusions:
NB-UVB has the potential to halt disease progression in some patients with progressive vitiligo; but is associated with more total NB-UVB fluence and time taken for fixing it. Progressive vitiligo patients have more pruritus as compared to patients with non-progressive vitiligo.
A Study of Clinical, Dermoscopic and Histopathological Correlation in Follicular Keratotic Diseases
Authors: Gangadhar Meghana , Adya Keshavmurthy A. , Inamadar Arun C. 
Published: August 2021

Context:
Follicular keratotic disorder is an abnormal keratinization affecting the follicular orifices and clinically characterized by hyperkeratotic follicular papules affecting various sites. Dermoscopy is a non-invasive diagnostic tool and differentiates closely resembling diseases as well as possibly prevents need for an invasive biopsy.

Aim:
This study was aimed to find the correlation between clinical, dermoscopic and histopathological findings in follicular keratotic diseases and to establish the dermoscopic criteria in the diagnosis of primary follicular keratotic diseases.

Materials and Methods:
This was a hospital-based prospective cross-sectional study of 30 consecutive patients clinically diagnosed with follicular keratotic diseases, irrespective of age and duration of the disease.

Results:
The study consisted of 30 patients with a mean age of 19.57 ± 9.69 years. The most common primary follicular keratotic disease observed was phrynoderma and secondary follicular keratotic disease was follicular lichen planus (lichen planopilaris). The predominant dermoscopic finding among all the follicular keratotic diseases was perifollicular scaling 29 (96.7%) followed by keratotic plug 28 (93.3%). The most common histopathological feature was dilated follicular infundibulum 22 (73.3%) followed by follicular plug 15 (50%) and dermal perivascular infiltration 22 (73.3%). The clinical and dermoscopic features showed a significant statistical association with the histopathological findings.

Conclusion:
Dermoscopy is a simple, non-invasive diagnostic tool that helps in differentiating and diagnosing the closely resembling follicular keratotic diseases.
Prevalence of refractive errors among the school-going children in East Sikkim
Authors: Bhutia Karma Loday , Bhutia Sonam Choden , Gupta Nisha , Shenga Diki O 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
Vision plays an important role in child’s development for learning and communication. Uncorrected refractive error (URE) has become a major challenge to health care policy makers especially in school going children. We aim to report the prevalence of refractive error among the school students of the east district of Sikkim, India.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was carried out among 15,954 school children under school health program of national program for control of blindness. The screening was conducted in 40 schools of east district which included primary, higher secondary, monastic and private schools.

Results:
The prevalence of refractive error was 6.7% among which myopia was the most common error present in 335 (31.1%) children, followed by astigmatism in 317 (29.4%) and the remaining 29 (2.6%) with hyperopia. The age group between 14-17 years had high prevalence of refractive error (9.2%). Females had slightly higher refractive error (6.93%) than males (5.9 %). Most backward classes were found to be highest suffering from refractive error (26.65%) and the least seen was found in schedule tribe (11.6%).

Conclusion:
The study provides a useful and baseline data about the refractive error amongst the school children of east Sikkim. A larger study needs to be conducted in all the schools of the state to get a clearer picture of RE and other eye related diseases to detect vision problem as early as possible.
Five-year demographic profile of retinopathy of prematurity at a tertiary care institute in North India
Authors: Tekchandani Uday , Katoch Deeksha , Dogra Mangat R 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
The purpose of this study is to study the demographic profile and pattern of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) at a tertiary care institute in India.

Methods:
An ambispective study from January 2013 to December 2017. Infants with birth weights (BWs) <1750 g and gestational ages <34 weeks were screened for ROP. Demographic details and ROP severity were recorded.

Results:
Data of 2595 of the 3697 infants screened were analyzed. The number of infants screened and treated for ROP increased from 190 and 29, respectively (2013), to 818 and 132, respectively (2017). The overall incidence of “any ROP” was 32.3%, and severe ROP was 17.7%. Though 39.5% of all infants were outborns (not born in the study center), severe ROP was present in 69.7% of these compared to 18.8% among inborns. Outborns with ROP had a higher mean BW (1308 g) compared to inborns (1202 g) (P < 0.01). ROP Stage 1 was seen in 12%, Stage 2 in 34%, Stage 3 in 13%, Stage 4 in 6%, Stage 5 in 14%, and aggressive posterior ROP (APROP) in 20%. APROP was seen in 16% of infants in 2013, 10% in 2014, 15% in 2015, 22% in 2016, and 28% in 2017. Infants with Stage 4B/Stage5 (15.6% of all ROP) were presented at a mean age of 7.5 months and all had no/delayed screening.

Conclusion:
Incidence of any ROP was 32.3% and was more common in outborns than inborns. The proportion of infants with APROP showed a rising trend over the years. Nearly 15.6% of infants were presented with stage4B/5 ROP due to delayed/absent screening.
Outcomes of vitreoretinal surgery in retinal detachment associated with morning glory disc anomaly
Authors: Sen Parveen , Maitra Puja , Vaidya Harshit , Bhende Pramod , Das Kalpita 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
Morning glory disc anomaly (MGDA) is associated with a high prevalence of retinal detachment (RD), sometimes requiring multiple surgeries. The study aimed to establish the outcomes of RD surgery in such eyes and predict factors influencing the outcome, if any.

Methods:
It was a retrospective observational study of 9 eyes that underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for RD associated with MGDA. Clinical and surgical details were correlated with outcomes of surgery as noted at the final follow-up.

Results:
PPV was performed in 9 eyes. Lensectomy was done in 5 of 9 eyes (55.5%) during PPV. Laser photocoagulation around the disc was performed in 55.5% (5/9) of the eyes. Silicone oil tamponade was used in 77.7% (7/9) of eyes and gas tamponade (14% C3F8) was used in 22.3% (2/9) of eyes. Attached retina at final visit was observed in 66% of the eyes (6/9). Two out of 3 eyes that were seen to have preoperative glial tissue at the disc had poor outcome (odds ratio 10, P = 0.16). Five out of 7 (71%) eyes that had silicone oil tamponade, had an attached retina. No identifiable breaks were noted preoperatively in 5 eyes, of which 4 (80%) had an attached retina postoperatively. Vision improved by 1 line in 67% of the eyes that underwent surgery.

Conclusion:
MGDA related RD presents a unique set of challenges; meticulous PPV with or without lensectomy can help in achieving a successful anatomical and functional outcome in about two-thirds of patients.
Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor in the management of retinopathy of prematurity: A survey among the members of Indian Retinopathy of Prematurity Society
Authors: Gangwe Anil , Agrawal Deepanshu , Vinekar Anand , Azad Raj V , Parchand Swapnil M , Agrawal Deepshikha 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
To report the results of the survey for the role of anti-VEGF in the management of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) among the members of Indian ROP (iROP) society.

Methods:
A questionnaire was designed in English using Google forms and its link was circulated to the members of the iROP society on their mobile numbers. The survey included questions pertaining to demographics, anti-VEGF agents, injection technique, post-injection follow-up, and documentation pertaining to their ROP practice. Anonymous responses were obtained and analyzed for individual questions.

Results:
226 members of the society were contacted and 157 responded (69.4%) to the survey. 137 (87.2%) respondents used anti-VEGF in the management of ROP. Aggressive posterior ROP (APROP) was the most common indication (78, 52.7%). The procedure was carried out in the main operation room (102, 70.3%) simultaneously for both the eyes (97; 68%) under topical anesthesia (134; 86.4%) by most of the respondents. One-hundred thirteen (77.9%) respondents used half of the adult dose, irrespective of the agent used; however, more than half of them preferred bevacizumab (85, 54%). 53 (36.3%) respondents followed up infants as per disease severity rather than a fixed schedule while only 33 (23%) performed photo documentation. 151 (96.2%) respondents felt the need for guidelines regarding the usage of anti-VEGF in ROP.

Conclusion:
There is an increase in the trend towards the use of anti-VEGF in the management of severe ROP, particularly APROP. However, there are considerable variations among the ROP practitioners regarding the agent, dosage, follow-up schedule, and documentation, suggesting the need for uniform guidelines.
Effectiveness of Kanna photoscreener in detecting amblyopia risk factors
Authors: Murali Kaushik , Krishna Viswesh , Krishna Vrishab , Kumari B , Murthy Sowmya Raveendra , C Vidhya , Shah Payal 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
Amblyopia is a significant public health problem. Photoscreeners have been shown to have significant potential for screening; however, most are limited by cost and display low accuracy. The purpose of this study was validate a novel artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning–based facial photoscreener “Kanna,” and to determine its effectiveness in detecting amblyopia risk factors.

Methods:
A prospective study that included 654 patients aged below 18 years was conducted in our outpatient clinic. Using an android smartphone, three images of each the participants’ face were captured by trained optometrists in dark and ambient light conditions and uploaded onto Kanna. Deep learning was used to create an amblyopia risk score based on our previous study. The algorithm generates a risk dashboard consisting of six values: five normalized risk scores for ptosis, strabismus, hyperopia, myopia and media opacities; and one binary value denoting if a child is “at-risk” or “not at-risk.” The presence of amblyopia risk factors (ARF) as determined on the ophthalmic examination was compared with the Kanna photoscreener.

Results:
Correlated patient data for 654 participants were analyzed. The mean age of the study population was 7.87 years. The algorithm had an F-score, 85.9%; accuracy, 90.8%; sensitivity, 83.6%; specificity, 94.5%; positive predictive value, 88.4%; and negative predictive value, 91.9% in identifying amblyopia risk factors. The P value for the amblyopia risk calculation was 8.5 × 10−142 implying strong statistical significance.

Conclusion:
The Kanna photo-based screener that uses deep learning to analyze photographs is an effective alternative for screening children for amblyopia risk factors.