bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Pricing Option with Efficient Methods
Authors: Sutradhar Sujon Chandra , Hossain ABM Shahadat 
Published: July 2021

Our main objective of this paper is to introduce four individual techniques of pricing options; the techniques are Binomial method, Trinomial method, Monte Carlo simulation and Black-Scholes-Merton model. Because they play a significant role in option valuation of stock price dynamics, risk managements as well as stock market. In this paper, we briefly discuss all these four methods with their properties and behavior. We also focused on numerical technique for the higher accuracy of option pricing and compare them graphically. We use the Computer Algebra System (CAS) Python (Edition 2019.3.1) for this purpose.
GUB JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, Vol 7, Dec 2020 P 1-7
Simplifying the Boolean Equation Based on Simulation System using Karnaugh Mapping Tool in Digital Circuit Design
Authors: Islam Md Jahidul , Hussain Md Gulzar , Sultana Babe , Rahman Mahmuda , Rahman Md Saidur , Rahaman Muhammad Aminur 
Published: July 2021

In computerized integrated circuits, the fundamental principle intends to avoid the multifaceted nature of the circuitry by making it as brief as attainable and minimize the expenditure. Techniques like Quine- McCluskey (QM) and Karnaugh Map (K-Map) are often used approaches of simplifying Boolean functions. This study presents a recreation framework of simplification of the Boolean capacities by the utilize of the K- Map definition for beginner-level learners. It uses the algebraic expression of the Boolean function to decrease the number of terms, generates a circuit, and does not use any redundant sets. In this way, it gets to be competent to deal with lots of parameters and minimize the computational cost. The result of the assessment is performed in this paper by contrasting it with the C- Minimizer algorithm. In computation time terms, the result appears that our comprehensive K mapping tool outflanks in current procedures, and the relative error accomplishes a lower rate of percentage (2%), which fulfills the satisfactory level.
GUB JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, Vol 7, Dec 2020 P 76-84
Expression of Ki-67 and Its Association with Histological Type, Grade and Stage of Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Jahan Sultana Israt , Md Badruddoza Shah , Asafudullah SM , Amin Md Nurul 
Published: July 2021

Background & objective: The role Ki-67 as a prognostic marker has been studied in many cancers in many studies. However, only few studies reported the prognostic role of Ki-67 in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) with contradictory opinions. The present study was undertaken to assess the Ki-67 proliferation index (PI) in tissue sections of CRC and to investigate the relationship between the proliferative activity and histological type, grade and stage of the tumour.
Methods: The present cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi over a period of two years from September 2017 to August 2019. All clinically suspected cases of CRC and later confirmed by histopathology were the study population. A total 44 such cases were included in the study. Tissue sections from 44 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumor specimens were examined at the Department of Pathology of Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi. The cases were histologically classified, graded (WHO) and staged according to TNM and modified Dukes’ staging system. Ki-67 proliferation index was calculated immunohistochemically using the monoclonal antibody MIB-1, and were studied under light microscope. Expression of Ki-67 was calculated as a percentage of labeled nuclei per 500 cells counted in consecutive five high-power fields in the most reactive areas of the slides. The staining results were categorized into groups using a cut-off value of Ki-67 determined by ROC curve analysis.
Results: In the present study the cases with high Ki-67 PI were significantly associated with high grade colorectal carcinoma (p = 0.005). TNM Stage-II and Stage-III tumours were more likely to be associated with high Ki-67 PI than those with low Ki-67 PI (p < 0.001). A significant association was observed between Ki-67 immuno-expression and modified Dukes’ staging of the tumours with Stage C being highly associated with high Ki-67 PI (p < 0.001). But histologic tumor type (mucinous and non-mucinous) was not found to be associated with Ki-67 proliferation index. Based on Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis tumors with nuclear immunoreactivity ≥ 25% were considered as high proliferation index (PI) and < 25% as low PI. The Ki-67 at a cut-off value of >25% had high sensitivity (85.7%) in differentiating high grade CRC from the low-grade tumors but its specificity was moderate (67.6%) with overall diagnostic accuracy being 70.5%.
Conclusion: The study concluded that cases with high Ki-67 PI are significantly associated with high grade CRC (poorly differentiated) than the cases with low grade CRC (well and moderately differentiated). TNM Stage-II & Stage-III and modified Dukes’ stage C also more often tend to be associated with high Ki-67 PI than with low Ki-67 PI.
Ibrahim Card Med J 2020; 10 (1&2): 33-39
Comparison of Ocular Lens Thickness of Type-2 Diabetic Retinopathy Patients with Non-diabetic Control, Measured by High Resolution Ultrasonography
Authors: Deepa Khalada Parvin , Ghafoor Nusrat , Siraj Nawshin , Haque Md Ziaul , Islam Md Ubaidul , Jubaida Most Razina 
Published: July 2021

Background & objective: The aim of this study was to verify whether the ocular lens of type-2 diabetic retinopathy patients was thicker (measured by high resolution Ultrasonography) than those of non-diabetic individuals.The study also evaluated the differences in lens thickness (LT) between right and left eyes of diabetic retinopathy patients, and the differences in LT between proliferative and background retinopathy cases.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 68 subjects (34 cases and 34 controls) aged 20-60 years in the Department of Radiology and Imaging, BIRDEM Hospital from March 2015 to February 2016. Adult patients suffering from type-2 diabetic retinopathy confirmed by slit-lamp examination were selected as cases, while apparently healthy subjects were taken as control. Patients with history of heart failure, ocular surgery, acute eye conditions, such as, conjunctivitis, scleritis, cataract or any other co-morbidities were excluded. Ocular mean lens thickness was measured by high resolution ultrasonography and was compared between case and control groups by Un-paired t-Test.
Results: The study showed that type 2 diabetic patients had significantly thicker lenses than their non-diabetic counterparts (in right eye:case 4.1 ± 0.3 mm versus control 3.7±0.1 mm, p<0.001 and in left eye:case 4.2 ± 0.3 mm vs. control 3.7±0.1 mm, p<0.001). The study also revealed that proliferative retinopathy cases had thicker lenses than any other diabetic retinopathy groups (p < 0.05) and there was also statistically significant difference of HbA1c level between proliferative and background type II diabetic retinopathy cases (p<0.05)
Conclusion: The study concluded that lens thickness is increased in type-2 diabetic retinopathy patients than that in non-diabetic healthy controls.The proliferative diabetic retinopathy cases possess thicker lens than the background retinopathy cases.
Ibrahim Card Med J 2020; 10 (1&2): 40-44
Clinical and Angiographic Characteristics of Female Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography in a Tertiary Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Nasrin Sahela , Cader F Aaysha , Haq M Maksumul 
Published: July 2021

Background & objective: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is increasingly prevalent among female population, particularly in South Asia, and a large number of female patients currently undergo coronary angiography for a variety of indications. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical and angiographic characteristics of female patients undergoing coronary angiogram, in a tertiary cardiac center in Bangladesh.
Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted at Ibrahim Cardiac Hospital & Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from 1st September 2005 to 31st August 2016. A total of 7,627 female patients who underwent coronary angiography were included. Obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) was defined as a stenosis ≥70% in at least one of the three major coronary arteries or a stenosis ≥50% in left main stem.
Result: Nearly two-thirds (64.4%) of patients comprised of age group of 41-60 years with mean age of the patients being 55.4 ± 10.2 years. Unstable angina (38.2%) was the commonest indication for coronary angiography followed by stable ischemic heart disease (25.1%), non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (12.8%), ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (9.3%), left ventricular failure (7.5%), post-myocardial infarction angina (6%) and atypical chest pain (1.3%). Over three quarters were hypertensive 68.3% were diabetic and 29% and dyslipidemiac. Over 40% of the patients were overweight and 20% were obese. On trans-thoracic echocardiography, 65.2% had normal left ventricular (LV) systolic function; 17.6% and 9.9% had mild and moderate LV systolic dysfunction respectively. Nearly 30% had normal epicardial coronary arteries on angiography, while 17.4%, 16.5% and 37.2% had triple vessel disease (TVD), double vessel disease (DVD) and single vessel disease (SVD) respectively. Following angiography, 33.4% were advised PCI, 30.2% optimal medical management and 15.3% CABG. A few (3.2%) were advised for revascularization either by CABG or PCI.
Conclusion: Unstable angina is the most common indication for coronary angiography among Bangladeshi females. A clustering of risk factors for CAD such as hypertension, diabetes and overweight or obesity are observed in them. Of the obstructive CADs, SVD is the most frequent finding, indicating that females undergoing CAG are likely to have diffuse CAD, although left main disease is not uncommon in this population. Further comparative studies with matched male population are recommended to find the differences in clinical and angiographic findings with respect to sex.
Ibrahim Card Med J 2017; 7 (1&2): 9-14
Management of Emphysematous Pyelonephritis and Subsequent Renal Functional Outcome
Authors: Khan Md Mohiur Rahman , Rahman Fahmin , Rahman Shafiqur , Chowdhury ATM Mowladad , Hasan Mirza Mahbubul 
Published: July 2021

Background & objective: Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is an acute severe necrotizing infection of the renal parenchyma and its surrounding tissues that is caused by the presence of gas in the renal parenchyma, collecting system or perinephric tissue.The present study was intended to assess the functional status of the emphysematous kidney recovered from infection after treatment.
Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 50 consecutive cases of emphysematous pyelonephritis, who were admitted in BIRDEM General Hospital from January 2011 to June 2012. Patients with EPN were selected after taking history, clinical examination and radiological image findings. Based on clinical parameter and radiological grading, patients were categorized for medical or surgical intervention. The forms of surgeries were open drainage or nephrectomy. Renal parenchymal destruction more than 50% on CT required nephrectomy.
Results: The mean age of the patients at diagnosis was 47.5 ± 11.8 years (range: 26-70 years). The patients were predominantly female (82%), invariably diabetic and primarily presented with fever (88%) and loin pain (82%) followed by dysuria (60%). Over three-quarters (78%) of the patients had poor glycemic control (HbA1c >7%) and over half (54%) were classified as having class 1 or 2 disease and the rest had class 3 and 4 diseases. Escherichia coli was the commonest pathogen found in urine cultures (70%). Over half (56%) received medical treatment alone. In the surgical intervention group, patients were mostly toxic with spreading or severe localized infection, fever and were deteriorating or static even after three days of aggressive intravenous antibiotic treatment. Of the 22 patients who underwent surgery, nephrectomy was performed in 8(16%) and open drainage in 14(28%) cases. The overall survival rate was 94%. Average serum creatinine level was found to decrease gradually during follow up. The function of the preserved kidney was found to improve in the subsequent follow up.
Conclusion: Emphysematous pyelonephritis predominantly affects diabetic females. Kidney preservation should be the primary target in treating EPN. Adequate resuscitation, diabetic control and parenteral antibiotic are the treatment of choice. Rapid drainage and nephrectomy should be performed in advanced stages. The focus of management of patients with emphysematous pyelonephritis should not only to improve survival but also salvage of the renal unit, for the affected kidney may still function once the infection is eradicated.
Ibrahim Card Med J 2017; 7 (1&2): 57-63
Association between Food Behaviour of Pregnant Women and Status of Serum Vitamin B12 and Neonatal Outcome – A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Afrooz Rowshan , Ghosh Lipika , Md Faruq Abul Kalam , Islam Mitheel Ibna 
Published: July 2021

Background & objective: To find the association between serum vitamin B12 and food behavior of the pregnant women and its influence on perinatal outcome.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka between June 2012 to July 2013. A total of 102 uncomplicated pregnant women attending at the Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department of BSMMU, Dhaka were the study population. Plasma vitamin B12 was measured by Abbott Axsym System using a Enzyme Immuno Assay Technique with the blood collected in a plain test tube. A serum vitamin B12 level of < 200 pg/mL was considered as low serum vitamin B12 level. The outcome variables were birth weight, small-for-date, neural tube defects and other congenital malformations.
Result: The selected pregnant women were housewife (74.5%) from low socioeconomic strata. They were generally urban resident (90.2%) with mean age being 26.4 years. In terms of education 17.6% were primary level, 30.4% SSC level, 31.4% HSC level and 20.6% graduate and higher level educated. Majority (90.2%) was urban resident with average monthly family income being Taka 29460. One-third (33.3%) was overweight and 6.9% obese. Two-thirds (66.7%) were at 37-39 weeks of gestation and nullipara. More than 60% received ANC (antenatal care) aregularly. Over one-third (35.3%) had low serum vitamin B12 (< 200 pg/mL). The food behaviour of the women was found to be associated with vitamin B12 deficiency. The pregnant women with low serum vitamin B12 (< 200 pg/ml) had significantly lower weekly consumption of fishes and eggs which are the rich source of vitamin B12. The weekly fish, eggs and amount of milk consumed by the pregnant women with low serum vitamin B12 were much lower than those consumed by the pregnant women with normal serum vitamin B12. The pregnant women with low serum vitamin B12 were more likely to carry a higher risk of adverse perinatal outcome. The incidences of low-birth weight and small-for-dates were staggeringly higher in women with low serum vitamin B12 (33.3% and 27.8% respectively) compared to those in women with normal serum vitamin B12.
Conclusion: The study concluded that pregnant women with low serum vitamin B12 are accustomed to taking low fish and eggs in their daily diet compared to those who have normal serum vitamin B12. The incidence of low birth weight and small-for-date babies are more prevalent in the pregnant women with subclinical deficiency of vitamin B12.
Ibrahim Card Med J 2017; 7 (1&2): 84-91
Lumbar Epidural Cavernous Hemangioma : A Case Report
Authors: Barman Kanuj Kumar , Khan Akhlaque Hossain , Rahman Md Tauhidur , Dey Bishnu Pada , Uddin Md Jalal 
Published: July 2021

A 34 year smale patient presented with diffuse low-back pain with bilateral radiculopathy for 8 months duration.The magnetic resonance imaging showed an extradural space occupying lesion in spinal canal from L2 to L5 vertebral levels. The mass was well-marginated with bone involvement. Radiological diagnosis was questionable. The patient underwent L2 to L5 laminectomy under general anesthesia. Intraoperatively, the tumor was purely extradural in location with devoid of attachment to the nerves or dura. Total excision of the extradural compressing mass was not possible due to high vascularity. Histopathology revealed cavernous hemangioma. Purely epidural hemangiomas are uncommon and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of spinal epidural soft tissue masses. Findings that may help differentiate this lesion from the disk prolapse include more common meningiomas and nerve sheath tumors. Early diagnosis and complete removal is the treatment of choice.
Ibrahim Card Med J 2018; 8 (1&2): 71-73
Perancangan Enterprise Arsitektur Sistem Informasi Manajemen Aset Menggunakan Kerangka Zachman Pada Rumah Sakit Jiwa daerah Dr. Amino Gondohutomo Semarang
Authors: Gamayanto Indra , Febriani Fitri , Wibowo Sasono 
Published: July 2021

AbstrakRumah Sakit Jiwa Daerah (RSJD) Dr. Amino Gondohutomo Semarang merupakan salah satu rumah sakit jiwa kelas A sebagai pusat rujukan pelayanan kesehatan jiwa bagi masyarakat Jawa Tengah. Timbulnya berbagai permasalahan dan kendala yang dihadapi terutama dalam hal manajemen aset yang masih belum optimal yaitu besarnya ruang lingkup RSJD Dr. Amino Gondohutomo mengakibatkan sering terjadinya peminjaman ataupun perpindahan aset yang tidak dapat diketahui oleh perusahaan. Tidak adanya sistem informasi manajemen aset yang terintegrasi antar bagian terkait, menyebabkan informasi yang diberikan relatif lambat untuk dilakukan koreksi serta pengawasan terhadap aset yang ada sehingga menyebabkan tidak ada kejelasan atau kesesuaian informasi terkait monitoring terhadap data aset dan proses distribusi aset, maka tidak jarang jika terjadi ketidaksesuaian antara sumber data dan bukti fisik di lapangan. Dari beberapa permasalahan yang timbul jika tidak segera ditangani maka akan mengakibatkan kerugian dan berdampak negatif pada perusahaan itu sendiri. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menciptakan model blueprint rancangan enterprise architecture menggunakan metode kerangka Zachman yang diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai acuan dalam membangun prototype sistem informasi manajemen aset RSJD. Dr. Amino Gondohutomo. Dengan adanya penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kemudahan bagi RSJD. Dr. Amino Gondohutomo dalam melakukan manajemen aset sehingga bisa lebih optimal Kata kunci— Enterprise Architecture, Blueprint IT, Metode Kerangka Zachman, Sistem Informasi Manajemen
High Expression of Citron Kinase Contributes to the Development of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Lu Wenfeng , Dong Yun , Cui Qing , Wang Yuhan , Yang Xiwen , Cai Xiaoyue , Zhang Ming 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the role and potential regulatory mechanism of citron kinase (CIT) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).MethodsCitron kinase (CIT) expression in ESCC tissues was analyzed based on the microarray dataset GSE20347, and CIT expression in ESCC cell lines was analyzed. Eca-109 cells were lentivirally transfected with shRNA-CIT (LV-shCIT) to knock down CIT, followed by investigation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Nude mouse xenograft experiments were performed to evaluate the tumorigenicity of CIT-knockdown Eca-109 cells. Microarray analysis of Eca-109 cells transfected with LV-shCIT or LV-shNC and subsequent Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) were performed to identify CIT-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and signaling pathways. Furthermore, the expression of key DEGs was validated using the clinical samples of ESCC.ResultsCitron kinase (CIT) was highly expressed in ESCC tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of CIT suppressed Eca-109 cell proliferation and promoted apoptosisin vitro. Moreover, CIT knockdown significantly reduced tumorigenicity of Eca-109 cellsin vivo. Microarray and IPA analysis showed that signaling by the Rho family GTPases pathway was significantly activated, and CIT intrinsically interacted with the protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1 (PRKAA1), sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1), and interleukin 6 (IL6). Notably, the expression levels of PRKAA1 and SQSTM1 were upregulated in ESCC tissues, while the IL6 expression was downregulated.ConclusionOur findings confirm that CIT functions as an oncogene in ESCC. CIT may contribute to ESCC development by upregulating PRKAA1 and SQSTM1 as well as downregulating IL6. Citron kinase may serve as a promising therapeutic target for ESCC.
Impact of Sex in the Efficacy of Perioperative Desensitization Procedures in Heart Transplantation: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Nguyen Lee S. , Salem Joe-Elie , Bories Marie-Cécile , Coutance Guillaume , Amour Julien , Bougle Adrien , Suberbielle Caroline , Kheav Vissal-David , Carmagnat Maryvonnick , Rouvier Philippe , Kirsch Matthias , Varnous Shaida , Leprince Pascal , Saheb Samir 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundSensitized patients, i.e. recipients with preformed donor-specific HLA antibodies (pfDSA), are at high-risk of developing antibody-mediated rejections (AMR) and dying after heart transplantation (HTx). Perioperative desensitization procedures are associated with better outcomes but can cause sensitization, which may influence their efficacy.MethodsIn sensitized patients (pfDSA&gt;1000 mean immunofluorescence (MFI) units), we assessed the effect of perioperative desensitization by comparing treated patients to a historical control cohort. Multivariable survival analyses were performed on the time to main outcome, a composite of death and biopsy-proven AMR with 5-year follow-up.ResultsThe study included 68 patients: 31 control and 37 treated patients. There was no difference in preoperative variables between the two groups, including cumulative pfDSA [4026 (1788;8725) vs 4560 (3162;13392) MFI units, p=0.28]. The cause of sensitization was pregnancy in 24/68, 35.3%, transfusion in 61/68, 89.7%, and previous HTx in 4/68, 5.9% patients. Multivariable analysis yielded significant protective association between desensitization and events (adjusted (adj.) hazard ratio (HR)=0.44 (95% confidence interval (95CI)=0.25-0.79), p=0.006) and deleterious association between cumulative pfDSA and events [per 1000-MFI increase, adj.HR=1.028 (1.002-1.053), p=0.031]. There was a sex-difference in the efficacy of desensitization: in men (n=35), the benefit was significant [unadj.HR=0.33 (95CI=0.14-0.78); p=0.01], but not in women (n=33) [unadj.HR=0.52 (0.23-1.17), p=0.11]. In terms of the number of patients treated, in men, 2.1 of patients that were treated prevented 1 event, while in women, 3.1 required treatment to prevent 1 event.ConclusionPerioperative desensitization was associated with fewer AMR and deaths after HTx, and efficacy was more pronounced in men than women.
Allergic Aspects of IgG4-Related Disease: Implications for Pathogenesis and Therapy
Authors: Michailidou Despina , Schwartz Daniella Muallem , Mustelin Tomas , Hughes Grant C. 
Published: July 2021

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a rare systemic fibroinflammatory disease frequently associated with allergy. The pathogenesis of IgG4-RD is poorly understood, and effective therapies are limited. However, IgG4-RD appears to involve some of the same pathogenic mechanisms observed in allergic disease, such as T helper 2 (Th2) and regulatory T cell (Treg) activation, IgG4 and IgE hypersecretion, and blood/tissue eosinophilia. In addition, IgG4-RD tissue fibrosis appears to involve activation of basophils and mast cells and their release of alarmins and cytokines. In this article, we review allergy-like features of IgG4-RD and highlight targeted therapies for allergy that have potential in treating patients with IgG4-RD.