bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrahigh-efficiency Enhanced Four-wave-mixing in Si-Ge-Graphene Photonic Crystal Waveguide
Authors: Hou Yujun , Jiang Chun 
Published: February 2021

Background:
All-optical processing has a huge superiority in speed and efficiency than
traditional optical-electrical-optical signal processing. Four-wave-mixing is an important nonlinear
parametric process to achieve all-optical processing.

Objective:
We proposed the photonic crystal waveguide to enhance the conversion efficiency of
four-wave-mixing significantly in practical application.

Results:
We demonstrated a waveguide composed of silicon with mono-layer graphene-coated as
core and Si-Ge distributed periodically on both sides as cladding. By the introduction of the slow
light effect of Si-Ge photonic crystal and the localization effect of graphene, the conversion efficiency
of four-wave-mixing had enhanced dramatically.

Results::
The conversion efficiency can be increased by 16dB compared with a silicon waveguide.
The maximum efficiency as high as -9.1dB can be achieved in the Si-Ge-Graphene photonic crystal
waveguide (SGG-PhCWG). The propagation loss can be decreased to 0.032dB/cm.

Conclusion::
Numerical results of the proposed SGG-PhCWG matched well with nonlinear coupled-
mode theory. This configuration offered a new physical mechanism and solution for alloptical
signal processing and high-efficiency nonlinear nanoscale devices.
Revisiting Feature Ranking Methods using Information-Centric and Evolutionary Approaches: Survey
Authors: Gandhi Rashmi , Ghose Udayan , Thakur Hardeo Kumar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract:Feature ranking can have a severe impact on the feature selection problem. Feature ranking methods refer to the structure of features that can accept the designed data and have a positive effect on the quality of features. Moreover, accessing useful features helps in reducing cost and improving the performance of a feature ranking algorithm. There are numerous methods for ranking the features that are available in the literature. The developments of the past 20 years in the domain of knowledge research have been explored and presented in terms of relevance and various known concepts of feature ranking problems. The latest developments are mostly based on the evolutionary approaches which broadly include variations in ranking, mutual information, entropy, mutation, parent selection, genetic algorithm, etc. For a variety of algorithms based on differential evolution, it has been observed that although the suitability of the mutation operator is extremely important for feature selection yet other operators can also be considered. Therefore, the special emphasis of various algorithms is observing and reviewing the algorithms and finding new research directions: The general approach is to review a rigorous collection of articles first and then obtain the most accurate and relevant data followed by the narrow down of research questions. Research is based on the research questions. These are reviewed in four phases: designing the review, conducting the review, analyzing, and then writing the review. Threats to validity is also considered with research questions. In this paper, many feature ranking methods have been discussed to find further direction in feature ranking and differential evolution. A literature survey is performed on 93 papers to find out the performance in relevance, redundancy, correlation with differential evolution. Discussion is suitable for cascading the direction of differential evolution in integration with information-theoretic, entropy, and sparse learning. As differential evolution is multiobjective in nature so it can be incorporated with feature ranking problems. The survey is being conducted on many renowned journals and is verified with their research questions. Conclusions of the survey prove to be essential role models for multiple directions of a research entity. In this paper, a comprehensive view on the current-day understanding of the underlying mechanisms describing the impact of algorithms and review current and future research directions for use of evolutionary computations, mutual information, and entropy in the field of feature ranking is complemented by the list of promising research directions. However, there are no strict rules for the pros and cons of alternative algorithms.
A Review on Lyotropic Liquid Crystals and Its Potential Applications
Authors: Kumar Hitesh , Sureshkumar Aishwarya , Badduri Nihal , Jain Vikas 
Published: February 2021

Backgraound:
Novel drug delivery systems have always been of immense interest for research. Majority of the drugs suffers from solubity related constraints. Lipid based drug delivery systems provide a promising approach to address this issue.Amogst various approaches, liquid crystalline systems offers distinct advantages over other available options. It maintains the phase stablility between solid and liquid phases.

Objective:
Lyotropic Liquid Crystals (LLCs) have highly ordered internal structure forming capabilities thereby assisting the controlled release of a therapeutic agent of varying sizes and polarities.

Methods:
The present article covers the structural features of dispersed mesophases (cubosomes and hexosomes), components used to prepare various mesophases, method of preparation, characterization techniques and potential applications.

Results:
LLCsoffers a distinct choice for delivering hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic drug. They are also suitable for the delivery of macromolecules such as peptide and protiens through various routes of administration.Lyotropic liquid crystals are extremely versatile drug delivery systems that can be used for delivering drugs across topical, oral, buccal, pulmonary and intravenous routes. Their use in the delivery of tough to deliver drugs, hormones, peptides, biomolecules and vaccines is particularly important.

Conclusion:
This review discussed the composition, methods of preparation and characterization of LLCs. The LLCs offer promsing delivery choice for the drugs with lower solubility and higher toxicity.
Towards a Shift in Regression Test Suite Development Approach in Agile
Authors: Sharma Sarika , Kumar Deepak 
Published: February 2021

Objective:
From the literature review, it is evident that the concept of “regression testing” inherited in agile
software testing originates from software maintenance practices. Therefore, the existing algorithms for regression testing
revolve around the software maintenance principles rather than agile methodology. The objective of this paper is to
evaluate the degree of fitness of the existing regression test-suite development algorithms for performing the regression
testing in agile.

Methods:
This paper performs a systematic literature review for research work published from 2006 to 2018, which
includes survey of the existing regression testing algorithms to identify and overcome the challenges associated with them
while performing regression testing in agile. This research paper considers the four research questions into scope for
analyzing the fitness of existing regression test-suite development algorithm for performing regression testing under agile
methodology. Further, this paper attempts to propose approach for the development of the regression test-suite suitable for
regression testing under agile methodology.

Results:
The current regression test-suite development algorithm were found unsuitable for performing the regression
testing under agile methodology due to the newly identified four key challenges associated with them.

Conclusion:
The current regression test-suite development algorithms aligned with software maintenance principles
rather than agile methodology. In addition, the newly proposed approach for regression test-suite development found to be
easily adaptable by agile teams as it aligns with agile methodology principles. Finally, this paper recommends the
adoption of agile principle through the newly proposed approach for developing regression test-suite for performing
regression testing under agile methodology.
The legal and legitimate rooting for the issue of alimony in the Iraqi Personal Status Law
Authors: Othman Nasren Abubakr , Salah Khaled Mohammad 
Published: February 2021

Marital alimony is one of the inalienable rights of the wife over her husband according to the correct marriage contract, and it is one of the effects of the marriage contract, and this alimony has great importance in marital life and a prominent role in the stability of the family, which is the basic building block of society. The alimony comes in exchange for the wife's obedience to her husband And devote herself to manage her home and rearing her children .In recent times, some doubts have been raised about the feasibility and justification of alimony, as some feminist organizations considered Feminism it a means of humiliating women and a reason for the wife’s subordination to her husband. So she demanded to be removed from the law. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the legal and legitimate basis for the issue of alimony, and the extent of the legislator’s authority to raise or amend it, with an indication of the legality and legitimately of the amendments made to the articles related to alimony in the Iraqi Personal Status Law under the Amendment Law No. (15) of 2008, and it’s through the statement of the verses, hadiths, and legal texts related to alimony, and the views of the jurists in their analysis and interpretation.
ANTIPROLIFERATIVE AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS OF ERUCA SATIVA (JARJEER) LEAVES EXTRACT ON CARCINOMA OF WOMEN’S BREAST
Authors: A DERBALA SAFAA , E ELKADY MANAR , A ELBANHAWY REHAB , AF ABDEL-AZIZ 
Published: February 2021

Objective: This work aims to investigate the influence of Eruca sativa leaves extract on the cell viability of the breast carcinoma cell line (MCF-7).
Methods: In vitro, breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) treated by E. sativa leaves extract for 48 h. The cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis were assessed using colorimetric (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, flow cytometric technique, and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and catalase [CAT]) measurement.
Results: This study demonstrated that the incubation of MGF-7 cells with E. sativa for 48 h caused a significative reduction in cell viability and proliferation of MGF-7 cell line. In parallel, E. sativa treatment induces a significant increase in apoptosis of MGF-7 cells compared to control. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that the inhibition of MGF-7 cell proliferation existed at the G2 and M phase in the cell-division cycle. Finally, the intracellular antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT activities were significantly increased in the administered cells compared with unadministered MCF-7 cells.
Conclusions: Taken together, E. sativa treatment reduces cell viability and proliferation concomitant with enhanced antioxidant enzymes expression and apoptosis of breast cancer cell line MGF-7. This may help in protection from breast cancer or preclinical recommendation.
LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY–MASS SPECTROMETRY/MASS SPECTROMETRY METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF LAPATINIB IN RAT PLASMA: APPLICATION TO PHARMACOKINETIC STUDIES IN WISTAR RATS
Authors: PALNATI NARMADA , KOTAPATI NALINI , VAIDYANATHAN GOPAL 
Published: February 2021

Objective: The objective of the study was to develop and validate a simple, accurate, and sensitive liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS)/MS method for the determination of lapatinib a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor in rat plasma using gefitinib as internal standard.
Methods: An Inertsil ODS column (50 mm×4.6 mm×5 μm) was used for separation with isocratic elution of 10 mM ammonium formate-acetonitrile (5:95 v/v). Analyte and internal standard were extracted from 50 μl of plasma using tertiary butyl methyl ether followed by subsequent reconstitution in a mixture of water-acetonitrile.
Results: The extraction recoveries were 95% and 98% for lapatinib and gefitinib, respectively. The lower limit of quantification was 5 ng/ml with a precision of 6.2% and accuracy of 108%. The response was found to be linear over the range of 5–1000 ng/ml with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The intraday and interday precision expressed as relative standard deviation was <15%.
Conclusion: This validated method was applied to the pharmacokinetic study in Wistar rats. The proposed bioanalytical LC–MS/MS method for lapatinib is a simple, sensitive, and accurate to quantify the concentrations in rat plasma.
ASSESSMENT OF COMPARATIVE PATIENT SATISFACTION AND SIDE-EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH TAMSULOSIN VERSUS SILODOSIN THERAPY IN BENIGN PROSTATE HYPERPLASIA
Authors: JAYAKUMAR VINEETH , VARGHESE PRITTY ANNA , TREESA JOHNSON ASHLIN , V KARTHIK , M BABITHA 
Published: February 2021

Objective: The aim of our study was to assess the comparative patient satisfaction and side-effects of the currently prescribed drugs – tamsulosin and silodosin for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Methods: A prospective study was conducted in a total of 110 BPH patients from the Department of Urology for a period of 6 months. Fifty-five patients in each group received silodosin 8 mg or tamsulosin 0.4 mg once daily. Data were collected using a suitably designed pro forma and the patient satisfaction was assessed with patient’s perception of study medication (PPSM) scale. International prostate symptom score (IPSS) was used for assessing the severity of symptoms.
Results: The current study found that the treatment had a significant effect on improving scores of PPSM and IPSS at which all changes were significant at p<0.01 (paired t-test). An independent t-test showed that silodosin group had a greater improvement in PPSM scores – PPSM total by 40.4%, PPSM global by 43.7%, and PPSM pain by 0.39% which was supported by corresponding decline in IPSS scores. The side effects reported for tamsulosin were headache (5.5%), dizziness (5.5%), dry mouth (3.6%), and postural hypotension (14.4%) and those reported for silodosin were myalgia (5.5%), dizziness (7.3%), diarrhea (1.8%), and postural hypotension (10.9%).
Conclusion: Patient satisfaction was improved by both the alpha blockers but silodosin showed a significantly greater increase in patient satisfaction than tamsulosin. Thus, silodosin is the better drug of choice.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIBACTERIAL, AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF CASSIA MONTANA HEYNE EX ROTH LEAF EXTRACTS
Authors: M HEMALATHA , L BHAKSHU , N YASODAMMA 
Published: February 2021

Objective: The leaf extracts of Cassia montana (Caesalpiniaceae) were being used for leucorrhea and rheumatic pains used by the certain tribal people in Andhra Pradesh. The present studies focused on the antibacterial, antioxidant activity of leaf extracts of C. montana which provide the scientific basis for its folklore applications in various ailments.
Methods: Ethyl-alcohol and water extracts of C. montana (leaf) were screened for phytochemicals, antimicrobial activity and antioxidant activity using in vitro methods. The total phenolics were estimated using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent with reference to gallic acid, whereas the antioxidants of the extracts were quantified using ammonium molybdate reduction assay with reference to the ascorbic acid. The antibacterial activity was studied by disk-diffusion method and the radical scavenging assay by DPPH discoloration method with reference to ascorbic acid.
Results: The leaf extracts were tested for antibacterial, antioxidants, and phytochemical screening and found the significant phytoconstituents as steroids, lignins, flavonoids, phenols, glycosides, tannins, cardiac glycosides, and reducing sugars in ethanol and aqueous extracts. The tested extracts exhibited significant antibacterial activity. It is also observed that ethanolic extracts are more effective with minimum inhibition concentrations values at 28 and 32 μg/disk against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus followed by Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with 80 and 90 μg/disk. Total polyphenols quantified in alcohol and water extracts with reference to the gallic acid is 108 and 267 mg/g dry weight of leaf, respectively. Total antioxidants quantified in alcohol and water extracts with reference to the ascorbic acid is 70 and 85 mg/g dry weight of leaf, respectively. The tested extracts were exhibited strong effect on the discoloration of DPPH indicated the significant scavenging activity.
Conclusion: The present study revealed that the tested extracts were exhibited significant anti-bacterial antioxidant activity along with the diversified phytochemicals. Hence, the leaf extracts of C. montana were having potential role in the treatment of ethno botanical health claims.
ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM CHILDREN WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTION
Authors: OLI YOGESH , BHANDARI GANESH , BHANDARI UPASHANA , BISTA SUNITA , KUMAR BHATTARAI AMRIT , KATUWAL ARCHANA , BHANDARI NETRA LAL 
Published: February 2021

Objective: This work aimed to detect the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Escherichia coli isolated from children, as it is the most predominant pathogen of urinary tract infection (UTI).
Methods: About 530 urine samples were collected and tested using the modified Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method to find the susceptibility pattern of isolated bacteria.
Results: Out of a total of 530 samples, 114 (21.50%) showed significant growth. A total of 8 different types of bacteria were isolated from the growth of positive samples. Among the isolates, E. coli 66 (57.8%) was found to be the most predominant organism followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 18(15.8%), Proteus spp. 10 (8.8%), Staphylococcus aureus 8 (7.0%), Acinetobacter spp. 4 (3.5%), CoNS 4 (3.5%), Enterobacter spp. 2 (1.8%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2 (1.8%). In the present study, out of 66 E. coli, 37 (56.1%) were multidrug-resistant strain. E. coli showed 94.0% resistance to ceftriaxone followed by ceftazidime 86.5% and cefotaxime 70.3%. Imipenem (91.9%) followed by amikacin (89.2%) seems to be the effective drug against UTI causing E. coli in children.
Conclusion: Multidrug resistance may possess difficulties with the choice of therapeutic options for the treatment of severe infections.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DISABILITY AND RADIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS OF LUMBAR DISK DEGENERATION IN SAMPLE OF IRAQI PATIENTS WITH MECHANICAL LOW BACKACHE
Authors: AL-BEDRI KHUDAIR , ALI RIYAM , A. MAHMOOD ZAINAB 
Published: February 2021

Objectives: Disability related to chronic low back pain (LBP) is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon all over the world. The prevalence of backache in middle age and elderly is up to 84%. This study aims to evaluate the associations of X-ray features of lumbar disk degeneration with severity of disability among patients with mechanical LBP.
Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 300 patients with chronic mechanical LBP. Severity of disability was measured using Modified Oswestry Disability Index and intensity of backache was assessed using numeric rating scale (0–10). X-ray features of lumbar disc degeneration according to Lane classification and spondylolisthesis were assessed in lateral recumbent lumbar X-rays.
Results: The mean age of our sample was 52.45±7.87 and 71.7% of involved patients were women. Most patients were recorded as overweight or obese. The findings of disk space narrowing were mild in 65.7%, moderate in 28.7%, and severe in 5.6%, where the presence of osteophytes were small in 76.9%, moderate in 20.5%, and large in 2.6%. Regarding disability, two-third of cases were focused on minimal disability, followed by moderate, severe, and crippled as (26%), (6%), and (2%), respectively. There was highly significant association between women and pain radiation to legs (p=0.004). Obesity and overweight had meaningless effects on all markers.
Conclusions: The severity of disability was significantly more in women, high intensity of lower back pain, presence of pain radiating to legs, moderate/severe disk space narrowing on X-ray, and disk degenerative disease score on X-ray, while age, presence of osteophytes and spondylolisthesis, body mass index, and pain duration were not associated with severity of disability.
EVALUATING RISK FACTORS, CLINICAL AND THERAPEUTIC PROFILE OF STROKE PATIENTS PRESENTING TO A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: P LAKSHMI , S SUCHITHA , V SAI ASWANI , SREE V DHANYA , SK ZAFEER 
Published: February 2021

Objective: According to the World Health Organization, stroke is the second leading cause of death for people above the age of 60 years, and the fifth leading cause in people aged 15–59 years old. This study mainly aims to evaluate the prevalence of risk factors, clinical features, pattern of drugs prescribed, and severity of stroke among patients.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a tertiary care teaching hospital on 210 patients for a period of 6 months. Patients aged 18 years and above were included in the study. The severity of stroke was assessed using National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS).
Results: The majority of the patients were under the age group of 61–70 years (31%). The incidence of ischemic stroke (81%) was more common compared to hemorrhagic stroke (19%). Males (66%) are prone to stroke compared to females (34%). The most common risk factor was hyperlipidemia (29%) followed by hypertension (17%). Antihypertensives (28%) were most commonly used drugs followed by antihyperlipidemics (23%). Most of the prescriptions were prescribed with 4–6 drugs per prescription (62%). Moderate stroke (69%) was most commonly observed in patients. A total of 147 drug-drug interactions were observed. Among 147 drug-drug interaction, the most commonly observed drug-drug interaction was aspirin with metformin (15%).
Conclusion: The present study emphasizes on the need to identify risk factors and providing awareness among the patients by a pharmacist in minimizing the disease burden. Early identification of risk factors and pattern of therapy based on therapeutic guidelines plays a crucial role in qualitative patient care.
Hubungan antara Komitmen Organisasi dan Budaya Organisasi dengan Kinerja Guru SD Metta Maitreya Pekanbaru
Authors: Sutikno Yadi , Sonika Sonika , Jelita Rida 
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kinerja guru SD Metta Maitreya masih tergolong belum professional, dipeorleh nilai di bawah KKM, dan kurangnya komitmen organisasi guru terhadap sekolah, serta kurangnya tanggungjawab guru dalam bekerja. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara komitmen organisasi dan budaya organisasi dengan kinerja guru SD Metta Maitreya Pekanbaru. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survei dengan teknik korelasional. Populasi penelitian adalah 24 guru SD Metta Maitreya Pekanbaru sehingga sampelnya 24 orang. Instrumen pengumpulan data berbentuk kuisioner atau angket. Angket kinerja, komitmen organisasi, dan budaya organisasi sudah diuji validitas dan reliabilitas. Pengujian normalitas data dilakukan dengan uji Kolmogorov Smirnov. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis korelasi ganda dengan menggunakan taraf α = 0,05. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara Komitmen Organisasi (X1) dan Budaya Organisasi (X2) dengan Kinerja Guru (Y) secara bersama-sama dengan persamaan regresi Y ̂ = 81,388 + 0,295X1 + 0,466X2, koefesien korelasi sebesar 0,570. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan berguna untuk perbaikan kinerja, komitmen organisasi dan budaya organisasi SD Metta Maitreya Pekanbaru. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kinerja dapat ditingkatkan melalui peningkatan komitmen organisasi dan budaya organisasi secara simultan.