bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical profile and treatment outcome of epilepsy syndromes in children: A hospital‐based study in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Poudel Prakash , Kafle Shyam Prasad , Pokharel Rita 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveIt is often difficult to diagnose epilepsy syndromes in resource‐limited settings. This study was aimed to investigate the prospect of ascertaining the diagnosis, clinical profile, and treatment outcomes of epilepsy syndromes (ESs) among children in a resource‐limited setting.MethodsThis was a descriptive study done from 01/07/2009 to 15/06/2017 among children (1‐17 years of age) with unprovoked seizures presenting to the pediatric neurology clinic of a university hospital in eastern Nepal. Diagnosis, classification, and treatment of seizures were based upon International League Against Epilepsy guidelines.ResultsOf 768 children with unprovoked seizures, 120 (15.6%) were diagnosed as ES. The age of onset of seizure was unique for each ES. Developmental delay and cerebral palsy were present in 47.5% and 28.3% children, respectively. Common ESs were West syndrome (WS)‐26.7%, generalized tonic‐clonic seizures alone (GTCSA)‐21.7%, self‐limited childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (SLCECTS)‐12.5%, childhood absence epilepsy (CAE)‐10.0%, Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome (LGS)‐10.0%, other developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE)‐5.8%, self‐limited familial infantile epilepsy (SLFIE)‐4.2%, and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME)‐3.3%. Among children with known outcomes (87/120), overall response to pharmacotherapy and to monotherapy was observed in 72.4% (63/87) and 57.5% (50/87) children, respectively. All children with GTCSA, SLFIE, genetic epilepsy with febrile seizure plus (GEFS+), CAE, SLCECTS, and JME responded to pharmacotherapy and they had normal computerized tomography scans of the brain. Seizures were largely pharmaco‐resistant in progressive myoclonus epilepsy (PME)‐100.0%, LGS‐73.0%, WS‐52.0%, and other DEEs‐40%.SignificanceA reasonable proportion (15.6%) of unprovoked seizures could be classified into specific ES despite limited diagnostic resources. WS was the most common ES. GTCSA, SLCECTS, CAE, and LGS were other common ESs. GTCSA, SLFIE, CAE, SLCECTS, GEFS+, and JME were largely pharmaco‐responsive. PME, WS, and LGS were relatively pharmaco‐resistant. Electro‐clinical diagnosis of certain ES avoids the necessity of neuroimaging.
Structural connectivity of the human massa intermedia: A probabilistic tractography study
Authors: Borghei Alireza , Kapucu Irem , Dawe Robert , Kocak Mehmet , Sani Sepehr 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe role of massa intermedia (MI) is poorly understood in humans. Recent studies suggest its presence may play a role in normal human neurocognitive function while prior studies have shown the absence of MI correlated with psychiatric disorders. There is growing evidence that MI is likely a midline white matter conduit, responsible for interhemispheric connectivity, similar to other midline commissures. MI presence was identified in an unrelated sample using the Human Connectome Project database. MI structural connectivity maps were created and gray matter target regions were identified using probabilistic tractography of the whole brain. Probabilistic tractography revealed an extensive network of connections between MI and limbic, frontal and temporal lobes as well as insula and pericalcarine cortices. Women compared to men had stronger connectivity via their MI. The presented results support the role of MI as a midline commissure with strong connectivity to the amygdala, hippocampus, and entorhinal cortex.
Metabolic Profiling of Bile Acids in the Urine of Patients with Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease
Authors: He Liqing , Vatsalya Vatsalya , Ma Xipeng , Zhang Jiayang , Yin Xinmin , Kim Seongho , Feng Wenke , McClain Craig J. , Zhang Xiang 
Published: January 2021

Bile acids (BAs) play important functions in the development of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). In the current study, urine BA concentrations in 38 patients with well-described alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) as characterized by Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD), 8 patients with alcohol-use disorder (AUD), and 19 healthy controls (HCs) were analyzed using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Forty-three BAs were identified, and 22 BAs had significant changes in their abundance levels in patients with AH. The potential associations of clinical data were compared to candidate BAs in this pilot proof-of-concept study. MELD score showed positive correlations with several conjugated BAs and negative correlations with certain unconjugated BAs; taurine-conjugated chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and MELD score showed the highest association. Cholic acid, CDCA, and apocholic acid had nonsignificant abundance changes in patients with nonsevere ALD compared to HCs but were significantly increased in those with severe AH. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the differences in these three compounds were sufficiently large to distinguish severe AH from nonsevere ALD. Notably, the abundance levels of primary BAs were significantly increased while most of the secondary BAs were markedly decreased in AH compared to AUD. Most importantly, the amount of total BAs and the ratio of primary to secondary BAs increased while the ratio of unconjugated to conjugated BAs decreased as disease severity increased. Conclusion: Abundance changes of specific BAs are closely correlated with the severity of AH in this pilot study. Urine BAs (individually or as a group) could be potential noninvasive laboratory biomarkers for detecting early stage ALD and may have prognostic value in AH morbidity.
The abundance changes of bile acids (BAs) in urine are closely correlated with the severity of alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH). BAs (individually or as a group) could be potential noninvasive laboratory biomarkers for detecting early stage of alcohol-associated liver disease and may have prognostic value in AH morbidity.
Characterization of the changes in supine blood pressure with long‐term use of droxidopa in patients with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension
Authors: Hewitt L. Arthur , Lindsten Annika , Gorny Stephen , Karnik‐Henry Meghana , Kymes Steven , Favit Antonella 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsPatients with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH) due to autonomic dysfunction may also experience supine hypertension (defined as supine systolic blood pressure [SBP] ≥140 mmHg). Because pressor agents used to improve nOH symptoms by increasing standing blood pressure (BP) may exacerbate or cause supine hypertension, changes in supine BP with nOH treatments are of interest.MethodsThis post hoc study examined changes in SBP in patients receiving droxidopa (100‐600 mg, three times daily) during a 12‐month long‐term extension study based on whether patients had supine hypertension (ie, supine SBP ≥140 mmHg) at baseline. Shifts from baseline in supine hypertension categorization and mean supine and standing SBP after 6 and 12 months of treatment with droxidopa were determined.ResultsAt baseline, 64 patients did not have supine hypertension (mean supine SBP, 120 mmHg) and 38 patients had supine hypertension (mean supine SBP, 157 mmHg). A similar percentage of patients shifted from their respective baseline supine hypertension categorization (ie, with or without supine hypertension) to the other category after receiving droxidopa for 6 or 12 months. After 12 months of droxidopa treatment, patients with supine hypertension at baseline had a mean supine SBP decrease of 3 mmHg and a mean standing SBP increase of 9 mmHg. Patients without supine hypertension at baseline had mean supine and standing SBP increases of 12 and 15 mmHg, respectively.ConclusionsThere was no consistent or progressive elevation in supine SBP over time during the 12‐month treatment with droxidopa in patients either with or without supine hypertension at baseline. These data suggest that long‐term droxidopa treatment for nOH does not adversely affect supine BP.
Radiative MHD flow of hybrid nanofluid past a porous stretching cylinder for heat transfer enhancement
Authors: Ismail Mohammed , David Maxim Gururaj A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe current study investigates heat transfer enhancement due to the radiative magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flow of a hybrid nanofluid past a porous stretching cylinder under the influence of variable viscosity as well as suction. The nonlinear partial differential equations governing the proposed physical model are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations by applying suitable similarity transformation. The scaled‐down system is solved numerically by the fourth‐order Runge–Kutta method along with shooting technique for the achievement of asymptotic boundary condition. The velocity and temperature profiles are obtained for various physical factors of the problem, namely, magnetic interaction factor , Reynolds number , volume fraction factor of copper , variable viscosity , and radiation factor , together with suction , by fixing the Prandtl number of the core fluid (ethylene glycol) constant at 25.825. The numerical values of skin friction and the rate of heat transfer are obtained and tabulated. To validate the proposed physical model, numerical simulations are provided with comparison. The paper highlights the effects of physical factors, namely, radiation, variable viscosity, and suction parameters, on the flow of a hybrid nanoflluid for heat transfer enhancement.
A mouse seminal vesicle‐secreted lysozyme c‐like protein modulates sperm capacitation
Authors: Ou Chung‐Mao , Lee Robert Kuo‐Kuang , Lin Ming‐Huei , Lu Chung‐Hao , Yang Tsung‐Hsien , Yeh Ling‐Yu , Tsai Pei‐Shiue Jason , Li Sheng‐Hsiang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLysozyme (LYZ) c‐like proteins are primarily present in the testis and epididymis of male reproductive tissues. Here, we report a novel member of the c‐type LYZ family, the seminal vesicle‐secreted LYZ c‐like protein (SVLLP). Three forms of SVLLP were purified from mouse seminal vesicle secretions and characterized as glycoproteins with the same protein core but different N‐linked glycans. SVLLP is structurally similar to c‐type LYZ proteins. Only one of the 20 invariant residues was altered in the consensus sequence of c‐type LYZs; however, the changed residue (N53S) is one of two essential catalytic residues. LYZ activity assays demonstrated that the three glycoforms of SVLLP lacked enzyme activity. SVLLP is primarily expressed in seminal vesicles. Immunohistochemistry revealed that it occurs in the luminal fluid and mucosal epithelium of the seminal vesicles. Testosterone is not the primary regulator for its expression in the seminal vesicle. SVLLP binds to sperm and suppresses bovine serum albumin‐induced sperm capacitation, inhibits the acrosome reaction, and blocks sperm–oocyte interactions in vitro, suggesting that SVLLP is a sperm capacitation inhibitor.
Sensilla on antennae and mouthparts of adult spruce bark beetle Ips typographus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Shi Xia , Zhang Su‐Fang , Liu Fu , Zhang Zhen , Xu Fang‐Ying , Yin Shu‐Yan , Kong Xiang‐Bo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus, is an invasive forest pest that occurs across Eurasia. To further understand the mechanism of insect–host chemical communication and the feeding choices of adult I. typographus, we examined the sensilla on the antennae and mouthparts of I. typographus using scanning electron microscopy. No sexual dimorphism in sensilla type or distribution was observed. Ten subtypes of antennal sensilla were identified: sensilla trichodea Types I–III (TR1, TR2, and TR3); sensilla chaetica Types I and II (CH1 and CH2); sensilla basiconica Types I–III (BA1, BA2, and BA3); sensilla coeloconica (CO); and Böhm sensilla (BS). BA2 were the most abundant among the antennal sensilla in both sexes. Thirteen mouthpart sensilla subtypes were observed: sensilla trichodea Types I–IV (TR1, TR2, TR3, and TR4); sensilla chaetica Types I–III (CH1, CH2, and CH3); sensilla digitiformia (DI); sensilla basiconica Types I–II (BA1 and BA2); and sensilla styloconica Types I–III (ST1, ST2, and ST3). Among these, TR4 were the most abundant in both sexes. The apex of each maxillary and labial palp carried the same sensilla (BA2, ST1, ST2, and ST3), although the apex of the maxillary palp contained more total sensilla. The functional roles of each sensilla type are discussed based on their external structure and distribution. The results provide a theoretical basis for further studies on the olfactory and feeding behaviors and electrophysiology of adult I. typographus.
Bimodal expression of RHOH during myelomonocytic differentiation: Implications for the expansion of AML differentiation therapy
Authors: Galiègue‐Zouitina Sylvie , Fu Qiangwei , Carton‐Latreche Céline , Poret Nicolas , Cheok Meyling , Leprêtre Frédéric , Figeac Martin , Quesnel Bruno , El Bouazzati Hassiba , Shelley Carl S 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRhoH is an unusual member of the Rho family of small GTP‐binding proteins in that it lacks GTPase activity. Since the RhoH protein is constantly bound by GTP, it is constitutively active and controlled predominantly by changes in quantitative expression. Abnormal levels of RHOH gene transcripts have been linked to a range of malignancies including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). One of the hallmarks of AML is a block in the normal program of myeloid differentiation. Here we investigate how myeloid differentiation is controlled by the quantitative expression of RHOH. Our analysis demonstrates that increasingly mature myeloid cells express progressively lower levels of RHOH. However, as monocytic myeloid cells terminally differentiate into macrophages, RHOH expression is up‐regulated. This up‐regulation is not apparent in AML where myeloid differentiation is blocked at stages of low RHOH expression. Nevertheless, when the up‐regulation of RHOH is forced, then terminal macrophage differentiation is induced and the Cdc42 and Wnt intracellular signalling pathways are repressed. These results indicate that RHOH induction is a driver of terminal differentiation and might represent a means of effecting AML differentiation therapy. The potential of this therapeutic strategy is supported by forced up‐regulation of RHOH reducing the ability of AML cells to produce tumours in vivo.
Morphology and composition of Goldeye (Hiodontidae; Hiodon alosoides) otoliths
Authors: Long James M. , Snow Richard A. , Pracheil Brenda M. , Chakoumakos Bryan C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe provide up‐to‐date morphological and compositional data on otoliths of the osteoglossomorph Goldeye (Hiodon alosoides). Using computed tomography (CT) X‐ray, we documented the location of each of the three pairs of otoliths (lapilli, sagittae, and asterisci) in relation to the swim bladder, which extended forward in close proximity to the sagittae and asterisci. The lappili were the largest otoliths in terms of surface area and volume, but the sagittae were highly modified, appearing spiral in shape when viewed dorsally, with a surface area to volume ratio more than double that of the lapilli. Using scanning electron microscopy, the surface of each otolith was viewable in great detail, and small otoconia (~10.5 μm diameter) were observed on each, but were most numerous on the sagittae. On scanning electron micrographs, the sagittae appeared to be bi‐lobed, with asymmetrical lobes each oriented in the same general direction. Using neutron and X‐ray diffraction methods, we found three polymorphs of calcium carbonate crystals (aragonite, vaterite, and calcite), sometimes all within the same otolith. However, in general, lapilli and sagittae were composed predominately of aragonite whereas asterisci were composed chiefly of vaterite. With these results, we provide information on a unique species, whose inclusion in future studies would benefit our understanding of fish hearing, fish evolution, and fisheries ecology.
Incidence of outflow tract ventricular tachycardia long after surgical aortic valve replacement
Authors: Goto Kentaro , Ono Yuichi , Osaka Yuki , Nomoto Hidetsugu , Miyazaki Toru , Suzuki Asami , Kurihara Ken , Someya Takeshi , Takahashi Yoshihide , Otomo Kenichiro , Goya Masahiko , Sasano Tetsuo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe peri‐outflow tract region could be the origin of ventricular tachycardia (VT) after aortic valve replacement (AVR). However, the clinical characteristics of outflow tract ventricular tachycardias (OTVTs) after AVR are yet to be clarified. This study investigated the incidence, risk factors, and clinical characteristics of patients with OTVTs after AVR.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical course of 120 patients who had undergone surgical AVR (SAVR) between April 1980 and October 2018. The patients had no ischemic or diagnosed cardiomyopathies other than primary aortic valve diseases.ResultsSix patients (5.0%) developed OTVTs after SAVR. The average onset was at 10.8 ± 5.7 years after SAVR. All cases of VT arose from the inferior axis and included left and right bundle branch block configuration. Two patients who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) had late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in the midlayer of the left ventricle basal anteroseptal wall. Patients with periaortic VTs had significantly larger left ventricular (LV) diameter at systole, lower LV ejection fraction, higher positive rates of signal‐averaged electrocardiogram (SAECG), and nonsustained VTs on Holter monitoring. On ablation, local fragmented potentials with low voltage zones were observed in accordance with the LGE distribution. Multiple VTs originating from the periaortic region were provoked in the sessions.ConclusionsAcute OTVT was found in 5% of patients after SAVR. Arrhythmia risk stratification by SAECG, Holter ECG, and cardiac MRI should be considered for a long period in patients after SAVR.
Assessment of the potential changes in low flow projections estimated by Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 climate models at monthly and seasonal scales
Authors: Ghafouri‐Azar Mona , Kim Jeong‐Bae , Bae Deg‐Hyo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study assesses changes in low flow seasonality in response to climate change using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) climate models. The precipitation‐runoff modelling system (PRMS) model was applied to project future streamflow using 13 global climate models (GCMs) under two emissions scenarios (representative concentration pathway [RCP] 4.5 and RCP8.5). Then, daily projected streamflows for each month in the reference and future periods were used to assess the monthly variation in low flows in Korean river basins. The results showed that high seasonal variation exists in low flows during the wet and dry seasons, including increasing low flows during the dry season and decreasing low flows during the wet season. The low flows are projected to decrease during the wet season by −6.48% in the 2025 period and by −2.59% in the 2085 period under RCP4.5. Under RCP8.5, the low flow is projected to decline in the wet season by −1.72% in 2025 and −4.35% in 2085. However, during the dry season, the low flow is projected to decrease slightly in the 2025 period (−0.49%) but increase significantly in the 2085 period (12.87%) under RCP4.5. Additionally, the low flow is projected to increase in the near future under RCP8.5 (1.87%). The results reveal that under RCP4.5, most Korean river basins are projected to shift from winter low flows to summer low flows. However, under RCP8.5, except for the Han River basin, which is projected to shift from winter low flows to summer low flows, other basins are expected to retain winter low flows. The findings of this study reveal that more consideration of future low flow conditions is needed, and a robust need exists for the preparation of an adaptation plan to ensure a sustainable water supply to prevent severe water shortages during low flows.
A review of phosphate oxygen isotope values in global bedrocks: Characterising a critical endmember to the soil phosphorus system
Authors: Smith Andrew C. , Pfahler Verena , Tamburini Federica , Blackwell Martin S. A. , Granger Steven J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the phosphate oxygen isotope (δ18O‐PO4) composition of bedrock phosphate sources is becoming ever more important, especially in areas of soil research which use this isotope signature as a proxy for biological cycling of phosphorus (P). For many of these studies, obtaining a sample of the source bedrock or applied mineral fertiliser for isotope analysis is impossible; meaning there is now a demand for a comprehensive characterisation of global bedrock δ18O‐PO4 to support this work. Here we compile δ18O‐PO4 data from a wide range of global bedrocks, including 56 new values produced as part of this study and a comprehensive overview of those within the previously existing literature. We present δ18O‐PO4 data from the range of major phosphatic lithologies alongside as much metadata for the samples as could be gathered. Much of the data comes from bedrocks of marine sedimentary origin (< 1 Ma = > +22‰, > 540 Ma = ≈ +12‰), but we also present data from bedrocks associated with guano (range: +19.5 to +15‰) and igneous deposits (range: +12 to –0.8‰), both of which have distinct δ18O‐PO4 signatures due to their formation mechanisms. We show that where repeat measurements of the same formation have been undertaken, regardless of method or exact sample location, there is an average within formation error of ± 1.25‰. This is important, as is constitutes a reasonable level of uncertainty for phosphorus cycling studies which need to estimate bedrock δ18O‐PO4 composition based on the literature. In combination, this data set presents 284 δ18O‐PO4 values from 56 countries; a comprehensive starting point for researchers interested in understanding bedrock end member δ18O‐PO4.
Simultaneous determination of five alkaloids from Rauvolfia vomitoria in rat plasma by LC‐MS/MS: Application to a comparative pharmacokinetic study in normal and type 2 diabetic rats
Authors: Wang Ning , Xie Yue‐Wu , Li Meng‐Yu , Li Fei‐Fei , Zhang Li‐Yuan , You Yu‐Lin , Wang Shu‐Qi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRauvolfia vomitoria is widely distributed in the tropical regions of Africa and Asia, and has been used in traditional folk medicine in China. Indole alkaloids were found to be major bioactive components, while the effects of diabetes mellitus on the pharmacokinetic parameters of the components have not been reflected in vivo. In this study, an efficient and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of five ingredients of R. vomitoria in rats. Detection was implemented in multiple‐reaction‐monitoring mode with an electrospray positive‐ionization source. Validation parameters were all in accordance with the current criterion. The established method was effectively employed to compare the pharmacokinetic behaviors of five alkaloids (reserpine, yohimbine, ajmaline, ajmalicine, and serpentine) between normal and type 2 diabetic rats. The single‐dose pharmacokinetic parameters of the five alkaloids were determined in normal and diabetic rats after oral administration of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight. The results indicated that diabetes mellitus significantly altered the pharmacokinetic characteristics of yohimbine, ajmaline, and ajmalicine after oral administration in rats. This is an attempt to provide some evidence for clinicians that may serve as a guide for the use of antidiabetic medicine in clinical practice.