bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A splitting‐coil‐based IPT system of reefer container for high efficiency wireless charing
Authors: Xu Yefei , Xie Zhaojie , Pan Shuaishuai , Liu Wei , Luo Bo , Chen Yang , Mai Ruikun , He Zhengyou 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo eliminate the plug‐in/out actions for automatic wharves, a splitting‐coil‐based inductive power transfer (IPT) system is proposed to improve transfer efficiency for reefer container wireless charging. Firstly, the power requirement of a reefer container only hits a few operation points and each operation point is in correspondence to an individual resistance point (IRP); secondly, the maximum efficiency of an IPT system can be achieved with the optimal load resistance (OLR). Therefore, the system efficiency can be improved by transforming the OLR into or near the IRPs. The idea of this work is to create double OLRs of the system by altering the splitting coils operating in parallel mode or series mode with switches, then to select the proper OLRs to match the IRPs for efficiency improvement. A 0.54 kW prototype was built to validate the performance of the proposed approach. The results indicate that with the proposed method, the system can maintain the system efficiency >90.7% from 14 Ω (0.54 kW) to 60 Ω (0.13 kW), with an improvement of 7.0% at most compared with that of the system without the optimisation in the same load resistance range.
Equiripple design of low‐pass filter using stub‐loaded Z‐shaped coupled‐line section
Authors: Huang Xiaodong , Zhou Yuting , Jin Xiuhua , Yang Liu , Cheng Chonghu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDesign procedure of a novel transmission line low‐pass filter is presented. The filter has a flexible rejection response for a prescribed cut‐off frequency and an in‐band ripple factor. It is compact by using a Z‐shaped coupled‐line section, which is loaded with open‐circuited stubs. All of the transmission line elements are identical in electrical length, and the impedances can be calculated by solving certain specific equations according to prescribed in‐band specifications. The simulated results show that the circuit can generate low‐pass responses with third‐, fifth‐, and seventh‐order filtering functions. The filter order depends on the number and position of the loading stubs. For verification, two sample filters with cut‐off frequency of 0.5/0.3 GHz are fabricated using a three‐/five‐layer PCB process, which generate seventh‐order low‐pass filtering responses with good selectivity. The experimental results agree well with the predictions.
Masses, bulk densities, and macroporosities of asteroids (15) Eunomia, (29) Amphitrite, (52) Europa, and (445) Edna based on Gaia astrometry
Authors: Siltala L. , Granvik M. 
Published: November 2021

Context. Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) includes milliarcsecond-accuracy astrometry for 14 099 asteroids. One of the main expected scientific applications of these data is asteroid mass estimation via the modeling of perturbations during asteroid-asteroid encounters.
Aims. We explore the practical impact of the Gaia astrometry of asteroids for the purpose of asteroid mass and orbit estimation by estimating the masses individually for four large asteroids. We use various combinations of Gaia astrometry and/or Earth-based astrometry so as to determine the impact of Gaia on the estimated masses. By utilizing published information about estimated volumes and meteorite analogs, we also derive estimates for bulk densities and macroporosities.
Methods. We apply a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm for asteroid mass and orbit estimation by modeling asteroid-asteroid close encounters to four separate large asteroids in an attempt to estimate their masses based on multiple simultaneously studied close encounters with multiple test asteroids. In order to validate our algorithm and data treatment, we apply the MCMC algorithm to pure orbit determination for the main-belt asteroid (367) Amicitia and compare the residuals to previously published ones. In addition, we attempt to estimate a mass for (445) Edna with Gaia astrometry alone based on its close encounter with (1764) Cogshall.
Results. In the case of the orbit of (367) Amicitia, we find a solution that improves on the previously published solution. The study of (445) Edna reveals that mass estimation with DR2 astrometry alone is unfeasible and that it must be combined with astrometry from other sources to achieve meaningful results. We find that a combination of DR2 and Earth-based astrometry results in dramatically reduced uncertainties and, by extension, significantly improved results in comparison to those computed based on less accurate Earth-based astrometry alone.
Conclusions. Our mass estimation algorithm works well with a combination of Gaia DR2 and Earth-based astrometry and provides very impressive results with significantly reduced uncertainties. We note that the DR2 has a caveat in that many asteroids suitable for mass-estimation purposes are not included in the relatively small sample. This limits the number of asteroids to which mass estimation can be applied. However, this issue will largely be corrected with the forthcoming third Gaia data release, which is expected to allow for a wave of numerous accurate mass estimates for a wide range of asteroids.
Versorgung von Kopfverletzungen
Authors: Torney Oscar , Vajkoczy Peter 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungSchädelhirntraumata (SHT) sind weltweit von großer sozioökonimischer Bedeutung. Sie sind die häufigste Ursache für eine langfristige Behinderung, Erwerbsunfähigkeit und Mortalität bei jungen Erwachsenen. Für eine erfolgreiche Behandlung des SHT-Patienten ist die interdisziplinäre Betreuung durch ein spezialisiertes Team von Neuro-, MKG- und Unfallchirurgen, Neuroanästhesisten, Neurointensivmedizinern, Neuroradiologen sowie HNO-Ärzten erforderlich. Pathophysiologisch werden beim SHT primäre und sekundäre Hirnschäden unterschieden. Da sekundäre Schäden potenziell vermeid- oder zumindest limitierbar sind, sind sie das Ziel neuroprotektiver Maßnahmen im intensivstationären Setting und ein Hauptgegenstand der klinischen Forschung. Dem Hirndruckmanagement kommt hierbei eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Unterschiedliche intrakranielle Blutungstypen werden anhand ihrer Ätiologie, ihres Ausbreitungsmusters und des zugrundeliegenden Pathomechanismus differenziert. Die Versorgung
von SHT richtet sich nach der Schwere und dem Ausmaß des Traumas und reicht von einer ambulanten/stationären Überwachung bis zur notfallmäßigen Entlastungskraniotomie. Multicenter-Beobachtungsstudien, wie Center-TBI (Europa) oder TRACK-TBI (USA), helfen dabei, Behandlungsalgorithmen stetig zu verbessern und weiterzuentwickeln. Dabei sollten neueste Studienergebnisse eine schnelle Implementierung in internationalen Guidelines finden („living systematic reviews“). Präventiven Maßnahmen fällt zudem eine besondere Bedeutung zu, da sie ein Sicherheitsbewusstsein schaffen und somit behilflich sind, etwaigen schweren Kopfverletzungen vorzubeugen.
Single-center study: evaluation of sonography in Budd-Chiari syndrome
Authors: Hoffmann Tatjana , Voigtländer Hendrik , Fröhlich Eckhart , Debove Ines , Pauluschke-Fröhlich Jan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is a rare disease characterized by hepatic venous outflow tract obstruction. The study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of ultrasound in confirming the diagnosis of BCS and to provide an overview of the clinical picture.
Materials and method In this retrospective single-center study, patients with an initial diagnosis of BCS were included. The files were analyzed concerning the ultrasound images and compared to computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Main clinical signs of BCS were collected.
Results Data of 25 patients were analyzed. Doppler sonography showed the highest sensitivity (78.9%) with the highest specificity 97.4 (%) in confirming the correct diagnosis of BCS. Main imaging signs were obstruction in the hepatic veins (68.0%, 17/25 thrombotic), collaterals (91.7%, 11/12 intrahepatic), inhomogeneous liver parenchyma (7/21), and a hypertrophied lobus caudatus (18/21) (p < 0.01). All imaging signs could be detected with sonography. Hypertrophied lobus caudatus was seen exclusively in BCS. Furthermore, portal hypertension (9/25), liver cirrhosis (9/25), and ascites (19/25) can be diagnosed as non-specific signs of BCS (p < 0.01).The main clinical findings were elevated γ-GT levels in the laboratory (92.0%, 23/25, p < 0.01) and esophageal varices in endoscopy (12/25 p < 0.01). An association with myeloproliferative neoplasia (MPN) was frequently seen (10/25) (p < 0.01).
Conclusion The present study demonstrates that sonography is an appropriate tool for the diagnosis of BCS and should be used as the first imaging procedure.
Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis – Manifestationen im Kopf-Hals-Bereich
Authors: Steinke Kim Vanessa , Welkoborsky Hans-Jürgen 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis ist eine seltene chronische rheumatologische Systemerkrankung, die mit einer Vaskulitis der kleinen und mittleren Gefäße einhergeht. Am häufigsten betrifft sie die oberen Atemwege, die Lunge und die Nieren. Die Beschwerden sind unspezifisch, häufig beklagen die Patienten anfangs eine Nasenatmungsbehinderung, Borkenbildung in der Nase, Ulzera der Mundschleimhäute oder Epistaxis. Nicht selten wird deshalb der Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Arzt zu Beginn der Krankheit hinzugezogen. Langfristig können schwerwiegende kardiale, renale oder pulmonale Komplikationen auftreten. Die Ätiologie ist bis heute nicht komplett geklärt. Als Therapie wird eine Immunsuppression eingeleitet. Klinische und laborchemische Kontrollen sind lebenslang obligat.
Burn-on statt Burn-out: Selbstfürsorge und funktionale
Bewältigungsstrategien schützen PsychotherapeutInnen vor
psychischen Belastungen während der Corona-Pandemie
Authors: Schwartzkopff Laura , Schüller Johanna , Müller-Engelmann Meike 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Durch die Corona-Pandemie sind PsychotherapeutInnen mit
neuen beruflichen Herausforderungen konfrontiert. Im Hinblick auf die zu
gewährleistende PatientInnenversorgung, erscheint die Frage nach Risiko-
und Schutzfaktoren zum Erhalt des Wohlbefindens während der Pandemie
relevant, um Folgeerscheinungen wie Burnout vorzubeugen. Dies ist die erste
Studie, die den Einfluss von Bewältigungs- und
Selbstfürsorgestrategien auf die psychische Belastung ambulant
arbeitender PsychotherapeutInnen in Deutschland während der
Corona-Pandemie untersuchte.
Methodik Von April bis Juni 2020 nahmen 155 PsychotherapeutInnen an der
Online-Fragebogenstudie teil. Untersucht wurden neben beruflichen
Veränderungen, die Stressbelastung, Burnout-Symptome und das
Wohlbefinden. Darüber hinaus wurde der Einfluss aktiver und vermeidender
Bewältigungsstrategien sowie verschiedener Arten der
Selbstfürsorge (z. B. berufliche Unterstützung,
Achtsamkeit für arbeitsbezogenen Stress und die Balance zwischen Berufs-
und Privatleben) auf die psychische Belastung untersucht.
Ergebnisse PsychotherapeutInnen waren während der Pandemie im
Schnitt 1,22 Stunden pro Woche weniger therapeutisch tätig als vor der
Pandemie. 38% der Behandlungen erfolgten per Videotherapie. Vermeidende
Bewältigungsstrategien waren mit einem erhöhten Stresserleben
assoziiert, was wiederum höhere Burnout-Werte und ein geringeres
Wohlbefinden vorhersagte. Eine gute Work-Life-Balance, eine gute
tägliche Balance im Arbeitsalltag und aktive
Bewältigungsstrategien wirkten sich hingegen positiv aus. Entgegen der
Erwartung hing Achtsamkeit für berufsbezogenen Stress mit einem
geringeren Wohlbefinden zusammen.
Diskussion Die Balance zwischen Berufs- und Privatleben kann als eine
präventive Maßnahme dienen, um Stress während der
Corona-Pandemie zu reduzieren und dadurch das Burnoutrisiko zu senken und das
Wohlbefinden zu verbessern. Vermeidende Bewältigungsstrategien stellen
hingegen einen Risikofaktor für ein erhöhtes Stresserleben
während der Pandemie dar und begünstigen Burnout sowie ein
geringeres Wohlbefinden.
Schlussfolgerung Diese Studie lieferte Hinweise darauf, wo
präventive Maßnahmen zur Stressprophylaxe und zum Erhalt des
Wohlbefindens von PsychotherapeutInnen perspektivisch ansetzen könnten,
um dazu beizutragen, dass diese Ihre PatientInnen während der Pandemie
weiterhin gut versorgen können.
Verhaltenssüchte in der psychosomatisch-psychotherapeutischen
Versorgung
Authors: Wölfling Klaus , Zeeck Almut , te Wildt Bert , Resmark Gaby , Morawa Eva , Kersting Anette , von Wietersheim Jörn , Müller Astrid 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Verhaltenssüchte treten in der Regel mit
komorbiden psychischen Störungen auf und werden immer noch
unterdiagnostiziert. Ziel dieser multizentrischen Querschnittsuntersuchung war
es, die geschätzte Punktprävalenz von Verhaltenssüchten
bei konsekutiven Patient*innen, die wegen anderer Diagnosen in der
Psychosomatik behandelt wurden, zu erheben.
Methodik An der Studie nahmen 801 Patient*innen aus acht
psychosomatischen Universitätskliniken teil. Die Erfassung von
Verhaltenssüchten erfolgte anhand standardisierter
Fragebögen.
Ergebnisse Bei 24,1% der Patient*innen ergab sich der
Verdacht auf mindestens eine Verhaltenssucht. Der überwiegende Teil
dieser Patient*innen beschrieb Symptome einer isolierten
Verhaltenssucht. Basierend auf den Fragebögen wurden folgende
Prävalenzraten geschätzt: Störung durch
Glücksspielen 3,4%, pathologische Internetnutzung 1,9%,
pathologisches Kaufen 16,7%, hypersexuelle Störung 5,4%
und suchtartiges Sporttreiben 3,5%. Hinweise auf einen Zentrumseffekt
oder Einfluss des Settings (ambulant, tagesklinisch, stationär) waren
nicht erkennbar.
Diskussion Die vorliegende klinische Stichprobe deutet auf eine hohe
Verbreitung von Kaufsuchtsymptomen bei Patient*innen in
psychosomatisch-psychotherapeutischer Behandlung hin. Von Kaufsucht sind
insbesondere Frauen betroffen. Demgegenüber leiden Männer eher
an Glücksspiel- und Sexsucht. Insgesamt ergibt sich eine hohe Belastung
durch Verhaltenssuchtsymptome. Bis dato werden Verhaltenssüchte
häufig noch unterdiagnostiziert.
Schlussfolgerung Patient*innen in
psychosomatischer-psychotherapeutischer Versorgung leiden häufig unter
Symptomen einer Verhaltenssucht, was in der Behandlung berücksichtigt
werden sollte.
Recent Advances on Piancatelli Reactions and Related Cascade Processes
Authors: Cai Yunfei , Zhong Sishi , Xu Lei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Piancatelli reaction, which is the rearrangement of 2-furylcarbinol to cyclopentenone, involves a key furanoxonium ion intermediate and a furan ring opening-4π electrocyclization process. In recent years, the original oxa-Piancatelli reaction has been extended to a large family of aza- and carbo-Piancatelli reactions and related cascade processes, providing a powerful platform for the construction of diverse functionalized cyclopentenones and polycyclic cyclopentanones. Meanwhile, chiral Brønsted/Lewis acid based catalytic asymmetric approaches to Piancatelli reactions have also been achieved for the assembly of highly valued chiral cyclopentenone scaffolds. In this short review, we present an overview of the recent developments in these areas and focus primarily on reports published in the last five years.1	Introduction2	Diastereoselective Oxa-, Aza- and Carbo-Piancatelli Reactions3	Diastereoselective Cascade Piancatelli Reactions4	Asymmetric Piancatelli Reactions and Related Cascade Processes5	Miscellaneous Furanoxonium Ion-Based Rearrangements6	Conclusion
Towards examining and addressing the danger of unaccompanied migrant minors going missing
Authors: Brantl Isabelle , Michalitsi-Psarrou Ariadni , Klein Barbara , Pertselakis Minas , Ntanos Christos , Vergeti Danai 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe phenomenon of missing children is complex, further complicated by the specific circumstances of missing unaccompanied migrant minors. Owing to the (often forced) migration, these children have moved through different countries with diverse legislation and work practices. The international nature of these cases leads to confusion about the responsibility of different actors. Additionally, for these cases, little data are available. This article critically assesses current work practices in the EU. It also introduces a new practical solution based on empirical data from 26 international expert interviews, proposing a new alert system for missing children cases to improve the efficiency in responding to them and the international communication between stakeholders to improve the situation of missing unaccompanied migrant minors. The solution is currently in use by three organisations and has already been used in more than 85 real-life cases. It is concluded that it holds the potential to connect actors in a new, efficient way and prevent children, and unaccompanied migrant minors particularly, from falling off the grid. It is also highlighted that the situation of unaccompanied migrant minors is highly disadvantaged, and new, homogenous legislation among the EU member states that does not discriminate against the rights of migrant minors is imperative. New research should also actively involve them to better grasp their situation before and during their disappearance.
Cavitation generation and inhibition. II. Invisible tail wing of cloud cavitation and non-cavitation control mechanism
Authors: Jin Weiwei 
Published: November 2021

The cloud-cavitation shedding mechanism was numerically investigated around the NACA 0015 hydrofoil of α = 7° and σ = 0.7, 0.67 under the identical computational conditions as in Paper I [W. Jin, AIP Adv. 11, 065028 (2021)]. We discovered the invisible tail wing and self-inhibition effects of cloud cavitation. As the invisible tail wing of cloud cavitation swings up, the generated re-entrant jet causes cavitation shedding or collapse by the “sweeping and ejection” processes and simultaneously moves away turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) from the near-wall flow fields of the leeward hydrofoil surface, stopping the cavitation generation. In low pressure regions, non-uniform TKE intensity distributions cause different water-vapor volume fractions, resulting in discontinuity of cavitation generation. The attached vortex accompanying an individual cavity is defined, which causes fluctuations and cavitation instability on the bottom of the cavity. The cavity-bubble truncation and stretching are two primary transition mechanisms from the sheet to cloud cavitation. Compared with the invisible tail wing of cloud cavitation, the fixed unilateral wing can more effectively inhibit the cloud shedding because it can redistribute energies to two hydrofoil surfaces and transfer the strong TKE intensity from the minimum to the high-pressure region, which inhibits flow boundary layer separation and achieves non-cavitation control of the hydrofoil. Energy transfer and balance are the most effective mechanisms for inhibiting cloud cavitation. Larger unilateral wing sizes result in weaker TKE intensity along the leeward hydrofoil surface as well as more significant cloud-cavitation inhibition. The TKE intensity in the leading edge of the leeward hydrofoil surface determines the fluid boundary layer separation and cloud-cavitation stability.
A shape memory alloy actuated release device using non-self-locking thread
Authors: Pan Xueting , Yue Honghao , Tian Yun , Yao Qi , Yang Fei , Lu Yifan 
Published: November 2021

This paper proposes a novel non-explosive and resettable release device driven by shape memory alloy (SMA), which can replace the commonly used pyrotechnic device. In the scheme, a flywheel nut with bidirectional thread is connected with two screws through the non-self-locking thread, and the target adapters are fixed with the two screws and then locked into a hole by the flywheel nut. When unlocking, the offset SMA actuator releases the flywheel nut by triggering the pulley assembly and multi-level levers. Under the pulling force of the pre-tightening load of the screws, the flywheel nut rotates at high speed to unlock the screws, thus releasing the target adapters. After separation, the device can be quickly reset with the reset tool without replacing any parts. The prototype of the release device is fabricated and tested; according to the performance test results, the device can bear the maximum bi-directional preload of 10 kN and the average unlocking force is 9.73 N. The unlocking time decreases with the increase in driving voltage, and the average unlocking response time is 342 ms under 9 V voltage. Furthermore, the actuator can function well with a lifetime of more than 50 cycles. It is concluded that this scheme has potential advantages to replace the traditional non-reusable explosive driving device.
A multi-purpose high-pressure and high temperature gas-flow cell for operando optical Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Yang Changchun , Huang Weifeng , Wei Hang , Xu Wei , Marcelli Augusto 
Published: November 2021

A multi-purpose in operando optical cell with temperature and gas pressure control is described. This device allows for in operando Raman spectroscopy measurements for different applications. Its original design includes a temperature control from room temperature up to 1000°C and a heating stage that provides uniform and stable thermal conditions. The pressure control of the cell ranges from 10−1 Pa to 6 MPa, and it is compatible with different gases. Both oxidizing and reducing gases are allowed to pass through the sample surface under study. The device has been calibrated and applied to collect Raman spectra for different reaction systems under various operating temperatures and pressures.
Energy sources in diets for lambs in confinement
Authors: Pereira Taiala C. de J. , Pereira Mara L. A. , Silva Herymá G. de O. , dos Santos Alana B. , Ribeiro Leandro S. O. , Pina Douglas dos S. , Sousa Leandro B. , de Carvalho Gleidson G. P. 
Published: November 2021

Context The use of alternative sources in ruminant feeding features advantages such as diminished dependence on traditional cereals that can be used for human consumption or monogastric animals. Aims This study was conducted to examine nutrient intake, apparent digestibility, mean growth rate, nitrogen balance, and microbial protein synthesis in lambs fed diets containing different energy sources in the concentrate. Methods The experiment involved five uncastrated Santa Inês lambs, with an initial BW of 22.85 ± 1.0 kg, which were allocated individual metabolic cages and randomly assigned to one of the following five experimental treatments: maize (MA), wheat bran (WB), sorghum (SO), mesquite pod meal (MP) and peach palm meal (PP) in a 5 × 5 Latin square design, with five replicates each. Diets were isoenergetic with a roughage:concentrate ratio of 60:40. Key results The energy sources in the concentrate influenced (P < 0.0001) the intakes of DM and nutritional components. The apparent digestibility coefficients of the ether extract and NDFap were significantly (P < 0.05) different between WB and the other diets. The different energy sources in the concentrate (MA, WB, SO and MP) increased (P < 0.0001) the mean growth rate of the lambs. The diet containing PP as an energy source provided a smaller (P = 0.0002) N intake than that from any other diet, and the PP diet resulted in a negative N balance (P = 0.0200). Lambs fed with diets containing MP (80.38 g day−1) as an energy source showed a larger (P = 0.0007) microbial protein synthesis than did those fed with PP (24.47 g day−1). Conclusions Wheat bran, sorghum, and mesquite pod meal can completely replace maize for lambs fed diets based on 270 g kg−1 of maize. Implications A variety of unusual feed ingredients facilitates the raising of lambs in various regions, with ingredients being local and of the lowest cost, promoting benefits to sheep producers.