bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Significantly elevated antibody levels and neutralization titers in nursing home residents after SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA booster vaccination
Authors: Canaday David H. , Oyebanji Oladayo A. , White Elizabeth , Keresztesy Debbie , Payne Michael , Wilk Dennis , Carias Lenore , Aung Htin , Denis Kerri St. , Sheehan Maegan L. , Berry Sarah D. , Cameron Cheryl M. , Cameron Mark J. , Wilson Brigid M. , Balazs Alejandro B. , King Christopher L. , Gravenstein Stefan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNursing home (NH) residents have experienced significant morbidity and mortality to SARS-CoV-2 throughout the pandemic. Vaccines initially curbed NH resident morbidity and mortality, but antibody levels and protection have declined with time since vaccination, prompting introduction of booster vaccination. This study assesses humoral immune response to booster vaccination in 85 NH residents and 44 health care workers (HCW) that we have followed longitudinally since initial SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination. The findings reveal that booster vaccination significantly increased anti-spike, anti-receptor binding domain, and neutralization titers above the pre-booster levels in almost all NH residents and HCW to significantly higher levels than shortly after the completion of the initial vaccine series. These data support the CDC recommendation to offer vaccine boosters to HCWs and NH residents on an immunological basis. Notably, even the older, more frail and more multi-morbid NH residents have sizable antibody increases with boosting.
EB3-informed dynamics of the microtubule stabilizing cap during stalled growth
Authors: Kok Maurits , Huber Florian , Kalisch Svenja-Marei , Dogterom Marileen 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTMicrotubule stability is known to be governed by a stabilizing GTP/GDP-Pi cap, but the exact relation between growth velocity, GTP hydrolysis and catastrophes remains unclear. We investigate the dynamics of the stabilizing cap through in vitro reconstitution of microtubule dynamics in contact with micro-fabricated barriers, using the plus-end binding protein GFP-EB3 as a marker for the nucleotide state of the tip. The interaction of growing microtubules with steric objects is known to slow down microtubule growth and accelerate catastrophes. We show that the lifetime distributions of stalled microtubules, as well as the corresponding lifetime distributions of freely growing microtubules, can be fully described with a simple phenomenological 1D model based on noisy microtubule growth and a single EB3-dependent hydrolysis rate. This same model is furthermore capable of explaining both the previously reported mild catastrophe dependence on microtubule growth rates and the catastrophe statistics during tubulin washout experiments.
Numerical simulation of NACA4412 airfoil in pre-stall conditions
Authors: Gleize Vincent , Costes Michel , Mary Ivan 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study turbulent flow separation at the airfoil trailing edge. This work aims to improve the knowledge of stall phenomenon by creating a QDNS database for the NACA412 airfoil.

Design/methodology/approach
Quasi-DNS simulations of the NACA 4412 airfoil in pre-stall conditions have been completed. The Reynolds number based on airfoil chord and freestream velocity is equal to 0.35 million, and the freestream Mach number to 0.117. Transition is triggered on both surfaces for avoiding the occurrence of laminar separation bubbles and to ensure turbulent mixing in the wake. Four incidences have been considered, 5, 8 10 and 11 degrees.

Findings
The results obtained show a reasonably good correlation of the present simulations with classical MSES airfoil simulations and with RANS computations, both in terms of pressure and skin-friction distribution, with an earlier and more extended flow separation in the QDNS. The database thus generated will be deeply analysed and enriched for larger incidences in the future.

Originality/value
No experimental or HPC numerical database at reasonable Reynolds number exists in the literature. The current work is the first step in that direction.
Toward dialogue through a holistic measuring framework – the impact of social media on risk communication in the COVID-19
Authors: Zhu Ruilin , Song Yanqing , He Shuang , Hu Xuan , Hu Wangsu , Liu Bingsheng 
Published: December 2021

PurposeDespite the huge potential of social media, its functionality and impact for enhanced risk communication remain unclear. Drawing on dialogic theory by integrating both “speak from power” and “speak to power” measurements, the article aims to propose a systematic framework to address this issue.Design/methodology/approachThe impact of social media on risk communication is measured by the correlation between “speak from power” and “speak to power” levels, where the former primarily spoke to two facets of the risk communication process – rapidness and attentiveness, and the latter was benchmarked against popularity and commitment. The framework was empirically validated with data relating to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) risk communication in 25,024 selected posts on 17 official provincial Weibo accounts in China.FindingsThe analysis results suggest the relationship between the “speak from power” and “speak to power” is mixed rather than causality, which confirms that neither the outcome-centric nor the process-centric method alone can render a full picture of government–public interconnectivity. Besides, the proposed interconnectivity matrix reveals that two provinces have evidenced the formation of government–public mutuality, which provides empirical evidence that dialogic relationships could exist in social media during risk communication.Originality/valueThe authors' study proposed a prototype framework that underlines the need that the impact of social media on risk communication should and must be assessed through a combination of process and outcome or interconnectivity. The authors further divide the impact of social media on risk communication into dialogue enabler, “speak from power” booster, “speak to power” channel and mass media alternative.
Resilience dynamics and productivity‐driven shifts in the marine communities of the Western Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Hidalgo Manuel , Vasilakopoulos Paraskevas , García‐Ruiz Cristina , Esteban Antonio , López‐López Lucía , García‐Gorriz Elisa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Ecological resilience has become a conceptual cornerstone bridging ecological processes to conservation needs. Global change is increasingly associated with local changes in environmental conditions that can cause abrupt ecosystem reorganizations attending to system‐specific resilience fluctuations with time (i.e. resilience dynamics).

Here we assess resilience dynamics associated with climate‐driven ecosystems transitions, expressed as changes in the relevant contribution of species with different life‐history strategies, in two benthopelagic systems.

We analysed data from 1994 to 2019 coming from a scientific bottom trawl survey in two environmentally contrasting ecosystems in the Western Mediterranean Sea—Northern Spain and Alboran Sea. Benthopelagic species were categorized according to their life‐history strategies (opportunistic, periodic and equilibrium), ecosystem functions and habitats. We implemented an Integrated Resilience Assessment (IRA) to elucidate the response mechanism of the studied ecosystems to several candidate environmental stressors and quantify the ecosystems’ resilience. We demonstrate that both ecosystems responded discontinuously to changes in chlorophyll‐a concentration more than any other stressor. The response in Northern Spain indicated a more overarching regime shift than in the Alboran Sea. Opportunistic fish were unfavoured in both ecosystems in the recent periods, while invertebrate species of short life cycle were generally favoured, particularly benthic species in the Alboran Sea.

The study illustrates that the resilience dynamics of the two ecosystems were mostly associated with fluctuating productivity, but subtle and long‐term effects from sea warming and fishing reduction were also discernible. Such dynamics are typical of systems with wide environmental gradient such as the Northern Spain, as well as systems with highly hydrodynamic and of biogeographical complexity such as the Alboran Sea. We stress that management should become more adaptive by utilizing the knowledge on the systems’ productivity thresholds and underlying shifts to help anticipate both short‐term/less predictable events and long‐term/expected effects of climate change.
Gender equity in emergency medicine: Five years on, where are we headed?
Authors: Govindasamy Laksmi Sakura , Terziovski Milé , Wheeler Melissa , Rixon Andrew , Wilson Samuel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe challenge of addressing gender inequality was highlighted in the 2016 Trainee Focus of Emergency Medicine Australasia. Despite increasing numbers of female medical graduates, including increasing female trainees in emergency medicine (EM), this has not yet translated to equal representation in formal leadership roles. Five years later, as the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine (ACEM) welcomes the second female college president, this article explores the gendered leadership gap in EM from an organisational and intersectional feminist perspective and recommends high‐level strategies for change. Notably, ACEM has demonstrated committed engagement with gender equity, such as the establishment of the Advancing Women in Emergency Section. It has also achieved gender parity in provisional trainees and improved women's representation on the ACEM Board. However, broader organisational processes that ensure work–life integration, transparent leadership development pathways and equitable recruitment, promotion, retention and evaluation remain critical. Creating a local evidence‐base to support diversity in leadership development remains a priority.
Influence of seasonal migration on evolution of insecticide resistance in Plutella xylostella
Authors: Wang Menglun , Zhu Bin , Zhang Lei , Xiao Yutao , Liang Pei , Wu Kongming 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), is one of the most destructive migratory pest species of cruciferous vegetables worldwide and has developed resistance to most of the insecticides used for its control. The migration regularity, migratory behavior, and relationship between flight and reproduction of P. xylostella have been widely reported. However, the effect of migration on insecticide resistance in this pest is still unclear. In this study, the effect of migration on P. xylostella resistance to seven insecticides was investigated using populations across the Bohai Sea that were collected in the early and late seasons during 2017–2019. The bioassay results showed that the early season populations of P. xylostella from south China possessed much higher resistance to insecticides because of intensive insecticide application; alternatively, the late season populations migrated from northeast China, where the insecticides were only used occasionally, showed much lower insecticide resistance. The genome re‐sequencing results revealed that, among the eight mutations involved in insecticide resistance, the frequencies of two acetylcholinesterase mutations (A298S and G324A) responsible for organophosphorus insecticide resistance were significantly decreased in the late season populations. The results indicated that P. xylostella migration between tropical and temperate regions significantly delayed the development of insecticide resistance. These findings illustrated the effect of regional migration on the evolution of insecticide resistance in P. xylostella, and provided foundational information for further research on the relationship between migration and insecticide resistance development in other insects.
Insect herbivory immediately before the eclipse of the gymnosperms: The Dawangzhangzi plant assemblage of Northeastern China
Authors: Xiao Lifang , Labandeira Conrad C. , Ren Dong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Early Cretaceous terrestrial revolution involved global shifts from gymnosperm‐ to angiosperm‐dominated floras. However, responses of insect herbivores to these changes remain unexamined. We evaluated 2 176 highly sampled plant specimens representing 62 species/morphotypes from the 126 Ma Dawangzhangzi plant assemblage of Northeastern China. Our study consisted of horsetails, ferns, ginkgoaleans, czekanowskialeans, conifers, and an angiosperm. Their herbivory was evaluated by the functional feeding groups of hole feeding, margin feeding, and surface feeding (ectophytic feeders); piercer and suckers, and ovipositing insects (ectoendophytic feeders); mining, galling, and borings (endophytic feeders); and pathogens, collectively constituting 65 damage types (DTs). The plant assemblage was assessed for herbivory richness by DT richness, component community structure, and DT specialization on plant hosts; for herbivory intensity, it was evaluated for DT frequency, herbivorized surface area, and feeding event occurrences. Using feeding event occurrences, the data supported seven species/morphotypes as most intensely herbivorized: Liaoningocladus boii (76.6%), Czekanowskia sp. 1 (8.4%), Czekanowskia rigida (4.10%), Lindleycladus lanceolatus (3.5%), Ginkgoites sp. 2 (2.0%), Podozamites sp. 1 (1.1%), and Solenites sp. 1 (0.9%). The most herbivorized taxa were pinaleans (conifers), then czekanowskialeans, and lastly ginkgoaleans; the monodominant component community was the conifer Liaoningocladus boii. DT host specialization levels were low. The plant assemblage had an overall low 0.86% of foliage removed by herbivores, explained by physical and chemical antiherbivore defenses, and parasitoid attack. Although Paleozoic, gymnosperm‐dominated assemblages had greater herbivory, component community structure of the three most herbivorized taxa are more similar to modern bracken fern and willow than modern gymnosperm taxa.
Kinetic study on soybean hydration during soaking and resulting softening kinetic during cooking
Authors: Wang Di , Chen Guangjing , Yang Bing , Chen Xuhui , Song Jun , Kong Xiangbing , Kan Jianquan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis work evaluated the hydration kinetics of three yellow soybeans and one black soybean (Glycine max (Linn.) Merr.) at five temperatures (5–40°C), as well as the softening kinetics of steamed and boiled soybeans after hydration. The results showed that high temperature promoted water absorption and solids loss. Dongbei large soybean had the fastest water absorption than all others and its water diffusivities varied from 4.4×10–11 (m2/s) to 2.6×10–10 (m2/s) at the tested temperatures. Page model provided the best prediction of moisture content of four varieties of soybeans at five temperatures. The thermodynamic coefficient indicated that hydration is a nonspontaneous phenomenon. In addition, results showed that four soybeans exhibited no significant differences in softening rate during the cooking process, although the black soybean had the highest ultimate hardness relative to the yellow soybeans. Taken together, these new results will provide theoretical support for industrial soaking and cooking approaches for soybeans.
Engineering microbial technologies for environmental sustainability: choices to make
Authors: Verstraete Willy , Yanuka‐Golub Keren , Driesen Nele , De Vrieze Jo 
Published: December 2021

SummaryMicrobial technologies have provided solutions to key challenges in our daily lives for over a century. In the debate about the ongoing climate change and the need for planetary sustainability, microbial ecology and microbial technologies are rarely considered. Nonetheless, they can bring forward vital solutions to decrease and even prevent long‐term effects of climate change. The key to the success of microbial technologies is an effective, target‐oriented microbiome management. Here, we highlight how microbial technologies can play a key role in both natural, i.e. soils and aquatic ecosystems, and semi‐natural or even entirely human‐made, engineered ecosystems, e.g. (waste) water treatment and bodily systems. First, we set forward fundamental guidelines for effective soil microbial resource management, especially with respect to nutrient loss and greenhouse gas abatement. Next, we focus on closing the water circle, integrating resource recovery. We also address the essential interaction of the human and animal host with their respective microbiomes. Finally, we set forward some key future potentials, such as microbial protein and the need to overcome microphobia for microbial products and services. Overall, we conclude that by relying on the wisdom of the past, we can tackle the challenges of our current era through microbial technologies.
Features, risk factors, and outcomes of older internal medicine patients triggering a medical emergency team call
Authors: Wijesundera Piyumi , See Emily J. , Robbins Raymond , Crosthwaite Amy , Smallwood David , Jones Daryl , Bellomo Rinaldo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundInformation about the epidemiology of older Internal Medicine patients receiving medical emergency team (MET) calls is limited. We assessed the prevalence, characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes of this vulnerable group.MethodsInternal Medicine patients aged >75 years who were admitted via the Emergency Department to a tertiary hospital between January 2015 to December 2018 and who activated a MET call were compared to patients without MET call activation during the same time period. Outcome measures included management post‐MET call, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission rates, discharge disposition, length of hospital stays (LOS), and in‐patient mortality.ResultsThere were 10,803 Internal Medical admissions involving 10,423 patients; median age 85 (IQR 81–89) years. Of these, 995 (10%) patients received at least one MET call. MET call patients had greater physiological instability in the Emergency Department and higher median Charlson comorbidity index values (2, IQR 1–3 vs. 1, IQR 0–2; p < .0001) than non‐MET call patients. Overall, 10% of MET call patients were admitted to ICU. MET patients had a longer median length of stay (9 [IQR 5–14] vs. 4 days [IQR 2–7]; p < .001) and higher in‐hospital mortality (29% vs. 7%; p < .001). However, mortality of MET call patients without treatment limitations was 48/357 (13%).ConclusionOne in ten Internal Medicine patients aged >75 years and admitted via ED had a MET call. Physiological instability in ED and comorbidities were key risk factors. Mortality in MET patients approached 30%. These data can help predict at‐risk patients for improving goals of care and pre‐MET interventions.
Brief Report: Expectancies for alcohol analgesia are associated with greater alcohol use among moderate‐to‐heavy drinkers without chronic pain
Authors: LaRowe Lisa R. , Powers Jessica M. , Maisto Stephen A. , Zvolensky Michael J. , Glatt Stephen J. , Ditre Joseph W. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesExpectancies for alcohol analgesia (i.e., expectations that drinking alcohol will reduce pain) have been associated with greater alcohol consumption among individuals with chronic pain, and there is reason to believe that such expectancies may also contribute to drinking behavior among alcohol users without a current chronic pain condition. Therefore, the objective of these analyses was to test associations between a measure of expectancies for alcohol analgesia (EAA) and alcohol use among drinkers without current pain.MethodThese are secondary analyses of baseline data collected from 200 moderate‐to‐heavy adult drinkers (39% women).ResultsEAA scores were positively associated with quantity/frequency of drinking, urge to drink, and other alcohol outcome expectancies (ps < .01).Discussion and ConclusionsExpectancies that alcohol will reduce pain are associated with heavier drinking among drinkers without pain. Over time, such expectancies may contribute to the development of alcohol use disorder and chronically painful conditions.Scientific SignificanceThis study provides the first evidence that even moderate‐to‐heavy drinkers without chronic pain may still hold expectancies for alcohol analgesia, and that this may be related to greater quantity/frequency of drinking.
Odds‐symmetry model for cumulative probabilities and decomposition of a conditional symmetry model in square contingency tables
Authors: Ando Shuji 
Published: December 2021

SummaryFor the analysis of square contingency tables, it is necessary to estimate an unknown distribution with high confidence from an obtained observation. For that purpose, we need to introduce a statistical model that fits the data well and has parsimony. This study proposes asymmetry models based on cumulative probabilities for square contingency tables with the same row and column ordinal classifications. In the proposed models, the odds, for all i<j, that an observation will fall in row category i or below, and column category j or above, instead of row category j or above, and column category i or below, depend on only row category i or column category j. This is notwithstanding that the odds are constant without relying on row and column categories under the conditional symmetry (CS) model. The proposed models constantly hold when the CS model holds. However, the converse is not necessarily true. This study also shows that it is necessary to satisfy the extended marginal homogeneity model, in addition to the proposed models, to satisfy the CS model. These decomposition theorems explain why the CS model does not hold. The proposed models provide a better fit for application to a single data set of real‐world occupational data for father‐and‐son dyads.
Retinal ganglion cell complex thickness at school‐age, prematurity and neonatal stressors
Authors: Ortueta‐Olartecoechea Ana , Torres‐Peña Jose L. , Muñoz‐Gallego Alicia , Torres‐Valdivieso María José , Vázquez‐Román Sara , De la Cruz Javier , Tejada‐Palacios Pilar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the association between the ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness at early school‐age and prematurity and other neonatal factors.MethodsCross‐sectional study. The sample included very preterm children with gestational age (GA) below 32 weeks or birthweight below 1500 g enrolled in a follow‐up program (n = 101) and a comparison group of term‐born children (n = 49). Ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness was measured at 4–8 years using high‐quality optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. Data on neonatal and postnatal features were extracted from clinical records; analyses included mixed linear models.ResultsGanglion cell layer (GCL) and retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL) were thicker in term than in preterm born children (2.9 μm and 2.4 μm respectively, p < 0.001). Within the preterm group, lower GA was associated with a decrease in total GCL (0.7 μm per week, p < 0.001). Being small for GA was associated with further thinning in both layers (1.4 and 2.8 µm). Postnatal corticosteroids therapy and severe brain lesion were associated with thinning in the total GCL of 6 µm (p < 0.001) and 4.1 µm (p = 0.002), respectively, and shock was associated with thinning in total mRNFL of 6 µm (p < 0.001).ConclusionsLower GA or birthweight are associated with thinning of GCC layers. When performing an OCT examination at school‐age and a decrease in GCC thickness is observed, it may be relevant to ask about a history of prematurity, and further enquire about neonatal shock, postnatal corticosteroids therapy or severe brain lesion that are related to additional decrease in GCC thickness.