bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involution pipe dreams
Authors: Hamaker Zachary , Marberg Eric , Pawlowski Brendan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInvolution Schubert polynomials represent cohomology classes of K-orbit closures in the complete flag variety, where K is the orthogonal or symplectic group. We show they also represent
$\mathsf {T}$
-equivariant cohomology classes of subvarieties defined by upper-left rank conditions in the spaces of symmetric or skew-symmetric matrices. This geometry implies that these polynomials are positive combinations of monomials in the variables
$x_i + x_j$
, and we give explicit formulas of this kind as sums over new objects called involution pipe dreams. Our formulas are analogues of the Billey–Jockusch–Stanley formula for Schubert polynomials. In Knutson and Miller’s approach to matrix Schubert varieties, pipe dream formulas reflect Gröbner degenerations of the ideals of those varieties, and we conjecturally identify analogous degenerations in our setting.
Expression of fibroblast growth factor-β and transforming growth factor-β in mauli banana stem (Musa Acuminate) extract gel - treated traumatic ulcer
Authors: Apriasari Maharani Laillyza , Pramitha Selviana Rizky , Puspitasari Dewi , Ernawati Diah Savitri 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To investigate the effect of mauli banana (Musa acuminate) stem topical gel extract application on the expression of transforming growth factor - β (TGF - β) and fibroblast growth factor-β (FGF-β) during the healing process in traumatic oral ulcers.
Methods: The work represented a true experimental study incorporating a post test - only control group design. Four groups of male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegivus) (n = 20) with traumatic oral ulcers were given mauli banana stem extract gel of varying concentrations the negative control group: 0 %; treatment group I: 25 %; treatment group II: 37.5 %; and treatment group III: 50 %. The animals were subsequently sacrificed prior to conducting biopsy on day 5. Immunohistochemical staining was performed in order to analyze the degree of FGF-β and TGF–β expressions.
Results: TGF–β was strongly expressed in treatment group II (16.80 ± 1.30). TGF-β expression was significantly different, except between treatment groups II and III (Table 2). FGF-β was strongly expressed in treatment group II (15.60 ± 3.97). There was significant difference in FGF-β expression between all the groups with the exception of treatment groups I and III.
Conclusion: Topical application of mauli banana stem extract gel (37.5 % concentration) stimulates FGF-β and TGF-β expression on day 5 of traumatic oral ulcer healing process. Thus, the extract gel has potentials for clinical application for the therapy of traumatic oral ulcers
Inhibitory effects of tamoxifen and tanshinone, alone or in combination, on the proliferation of breast cancer cells via activation of p38 MAPK signalling pathway
Authors: Chen Haiyan , Wang Yuntao , Ding Xiaoqing 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To investigate the effects of tamoxifen and tanshinone administered individually or in combination, on the proliferation of breast cancer (BC) cells, and the underlying mechanism(s) of action.
Methods: Human breast cancer cell lines (SNU-306, SNU-334 and SNU-1528), and normal primary mammary epithelial cell line (HMEC) were cultured at 37 °C in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with 5 % fetal bovine serum (FBS), l glutamine (2 mM), penicillin (100 U/ml) and streptomycin (100 μg/ml) in a humidified incubator containing 5 % CO2. Cell proliferation was determined using MTT assay, while real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the expressions of apoptosis-related genes. The expressions of p38 mitogenactivated protein kinases (p38 MAPK) were determined by Western blotting.
Results: There were only few viable cells in tamoxifen- and tanshinone-treated wells, and cell viability was concentration-dependently reduced. Treatment of SNU-306 cells with tamoxifen (30 µM) or tanshinone (20 µM) alone significantly reduced the expression of Wip1 after 72 h of incubation, and the level of expression was significantly reduced in SNU-306 cells treated with combination of tamoxifen and tanshinones, relative to those treated with tamoxifen or tanshinone alone (p < 0.05). The extent of apoptosis was significantly higher in SNU-306 cells treated with tamoxifen or tanshinone alone or in combination than in control cells (p < 0.05). Expressions of Bax, caspase 3 and p53 were significantly higher in SNU-306 cells than in control cells, and were significantly higher in SNU-306 cells treated with combination of tamoxifen and tanshinone than in those treated with tamoxifen or tanshinone alone (p < 0.05). The level of expression of MAPK was significantly higher in SNU-306 cells treated with tamoxifen or tanshinone alone, and in combination treatment, than in control cells (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Tamoxifen and tanshinone administered alone or in combination promote apoptosis in BC cells via mechanisms involving the up-regulation and phosphorylation of MAPK.
Effect of ethanol extract of Punica granatum L against Freund’s complete adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats
Authors: Wang Yanming , He Tao , Li Zhiming , Gai Shujun 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To investigate the protective effect of ethanol extract of P. granatum against arthritis in rat model.
Methods: Twenty-six adult male Wistar rats (120 - 150 g) were separated into four groups (n = 6): normal control, arthritic control and two treatment groups. With the exception of normal control group, arthritis was induced by intraplantar administration of Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA) on the 1st day of drug administration. The arthritic control group was not treated, while the treatment groups received extract orally at 500 or 750 mg/kg for the period of 4 weeks and at the end of each week, paw volume, thermal hyperalgesia, arthritic score and mechanical nociceptive threshold were performed to assess arthritis. Biochemical indicators and inflammatory cytokines in serum were determined using standard procedures.
Results: There was significant decrease in paw volume and arthritic score; paw withdrawal latency was enhanced in extract-treated groups, compared to arthritic control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, ALT, AST and ALP levels, as well as RF and MDA activities decreased significantly with extract treatment, compared with arthritic control group (p < 0.05). Treatment with the extract attenuated the altered level of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and TNF-α levels in arthritic rats. Histological examination showed that treatment with the extract significantly reversed histological changes induced by arthritis.
Conclusion: The results reveal that the beneficial effect of ethanol extract of P. granatum against FCAinduced arthritis is due to its ability to reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines.
Changes in three tumor markers in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma after combination therapy with pemetrexed and platinum: Short-term treatment efficacy
Authors: Lou Yang , Xu Bo , Li Xianshuai , Xu Xiaoyi , Chen Xianguo 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To study changes in three tumor markers before and after combination treatment with pemetrexed and platinum, and evaluate the short-term therapeutic effectiveness of the treatment in advanced lung adenocarcinoma (ALA) subjects.
Method: Patients with ALA (n =120) admitted to JinHua Municipal Central Hospital from January 2017 to May 2018 were selected as the research subjects. According to the results of chemotherapy, they were divided into two groups: significantly-reduced tumor volume group (90 cases), and nonsignificantly-reduced tumor volume group (21 cases). The two groups were treated with chemotherapy using a combination of pemetrexed and cisplatin. The levels of CEA, CA125 and CYFRA21-1 before and after chemotherapy were assayed to determine their relationship with short-term therapy effectiveness.
Result: Overall analysis of tumor markers in the 120 patients with ALA showed statistically significant reduction in overall tumor marker levels before and after chemotherapy (p < 0.05). At the end of chemotherapy, the tumor markers were markedly reduced in subjects with significant tumor volume, and there was statistical difference between the two groups before chemotherapy (p < 0.05). Changes in CEA, CA125 and CYFRA21-1 were positively correlated with the chemotherapeutic effects on patients with ALA.
Conclusion: In ALA patients treated with pemetrexed and platinum, changes in serum CEA, CA125 and CYFRA21-1 profiles before and after treatment depend on the effect of chemotherapy, and they are reliable for prediction of short-term therapeutic efficacy.
External application of Ruyi Jinhuang powder for phlebitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Qian , Yang Chunyan , Deng Yongqiong , Ma Qunhua 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To systematically review the effectiveness of the external application, Ruyi Jinhuang powder, on phlebitis
Methods: Relevant literature was retrieved from Medline, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure database (CNKI), Cochrane Central Register, Chongqing Vip, Wanfang Data and SinoMed using the search terms “Ruyi Jinhuang San”, “Ruyi Jinhuang powder”, “Ruyi Jinhuang cream”, “Agreeable golden powder”, “satisfactory golden powder”, “Jinhuang cream”, “phlebitis”, “prevention and (or) treatment”, “randomized controlled trials” and “RCRs”. Two researchers independently arranged and analyzed the data.
Results: Significant differences were observed in the total effectiveness rate of Ruyi Jinhuang powder [relative risk (RR) = 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.19 to 1.36, and p < 0.0001). Ruyi Jinhuang powder can reduce the incidence of phlebitis versus conventional therapy in preventing phlebitis (RR = 0.32, 95 % CI 0.24 to 0.42, and p < 0.0001). Shorten the average healing time [mean difference (MD) =- 32.17, 95 % CI= -48.39 to -15.94, and p = 0.0001). Reduced pain relief time for phlebitis (MD = -3.29, 95% CI -5.42 to -1.16, and p = 0.002). However, no statistical difference was observed with regard to the onset time of phlebitis (MD = -0.62, 95 % CI -1.76 to 0.52, and p = 0.29).
Conclusion: Clinicians consider Ruyi Jinhuang powder a viable complementary and alternative medicine for phlebitis following the stronger evidence being offered.
Effects of Xinwei granule on expression levels of cyclin D1 and its upstream genes in gastric intraepithelial neoplasia tissues
Authors: Wang Jingbin , Yu Cunguo , Liu Xinyao , Zhang Yang , Liang Guoying , Liu Zhaoxia 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To explore the effects of Xinwei granule (XWG) on low-grade gastric intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN) and the underlying mechanisms.
Methods: To establish LGIN model, Wistar rats were treated with N-methyl-N'-nitrosoguanidine for 3 months. LGIN model rats were randomly grouped into five groups (n = 15), viz, negative control (NC), normal saline (NS) group, Xinwei granule (XWG) group, Weifuchun tablet (WFCT) group, and vatacoenayme tablet (VT) group. Normal rats (n = 17) served as negative control. Histological evaluation of gastric mucosa was undertaken using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot, and immunohistochemical assays were performed to determine mRNA expressions, protein expression, and the distribution of cyclin D1, kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), and p21-WAF1-CIP1, respectively.
Results: Compared with LGIN group, the body weight of the rats increased in XWG, WFCT, and VT groups. The pathological characteristics of LGIN group were alleviated by XWG, WFCT and VT treatments. The positive expression of cyclin D1 was enhanced in LGIN group, but reduced in XWG, WFCT and VT groups. The expression levels of KLF4 and p21-WAF1-CIP1, upstream regulators of cyclin D1 reduced in LGIN groups. However, administration of XWG, WFCT and VT strengthened the expressions of KLF4 and p21-WAF1-CIP1. More importantly, the protective effects of XWG against LGIN were superior to those of WFCT and VT.
Conclusion: Xinwei granules alleviate LGIN in vivo by inhibiting cyclin D1 expression and enhancing KLF4 and p21-WAF1-CIP1 expression.
Variables de la desnutrición en pacientes en diálisis
Authors: Garrido Pérez Luis , Sanz Turrado María , Caro Domínguez Carmen 
Published: May 2021

Introducción: El paciente en diálisis va a sufrir una desnutrición proteico-calórica, con diferentes factores implicados en su aparición, lo cual se asocia con una elevadísima morbilidad cardiovascular y mortalidad. Se ha estimado una prevalencia de desnutrición en la población en hemodiálisis del 18-75%, siendo por tanto, un problema de especial relevancia en este tipo de pacientes.
Objetivo: Realizar una revisión bibliográfica de los artículos científicos existentes sobre las variables que intervienen en la desnutrición del paciente en diálisis.
Metodología: Se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica mediante las bases de datos PubMed, Scielo, Pro- Quest. La búsqueda se ha realizado con términos Mesh, con una antigüedad no mayor de 5 años y con distintas palabras clave.
Resultados: Se han revisado 19 artículos. La mayoría de los artículos fueron estudios observacionales y de revisión. Los factores que se asocian con desnutrición son la edad, pérdida de masa muscular, baja actividad física y dieta pobre en micronutrientes. Otro factor muy importante, es la inflamación. En cuanto a los métodos diagnósticos, son variados y diferentes, debido a la gran cantidad de variables que influyen en la desnutrición.
Conclusiones: La desnutrición en pacientes en diálisis depende de distintas variables y no solamente de la dieta. Los factores que se asocian con desnutrición son mayor edad, pérdida de masa muscular, baja actividad física y dieta pobre en micronutrientes. Además, habría que añadir el doble papel que juega la inflamación en este proceso, pues puede ser tanto consecuencia como factor predisponente a la desnutrición.
The Current State of Recodification Works of Slovak Private Law and Its Perspectives
Authors: Dulaková Jakúbeková Denisa 
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the current state of the ongoing process of private law recodification in the Slovak Republic. Despite the efforts promised by every new government, to this day, none of them have achieved a recodification of civil law that would ultimately result in unambiguous treatment of, in particular, the so-called questions of values, nor have any of them seen through the creation of a codex, which has long been required. The need for recodification first became apparent even before the November 1989 Revolution. The focus of the expert public post-revolution was on filling the legal vacuum that came about through the abolition of the Economic Code and the Code of International Trade and on substituting them with a new and equivalent legal regulation. Due to time constraints and the urgent need for a solution to the given situation, the country failed to adopt a single universal regulation for private law; instead, the so-called major amendment of the previous Civil Code was adopted. This state has since prevailed; thus, Slovakia’s legal system is still subject to a Civil Code from 1964, amended on several occasions, as well as the Commercial Code from 1991. This is despite the numerous attempts to recodify private law, the last attempt having been introduced to the public at the end of 2018. The form of this reform was, however, surprising. Slovakia saw a change in governments in 2020, and the new government has, to date, declared other priorities in the domain of justice. It is, therefore, difficult to say whether the new government will adopt the ambition to recodify private law and, if so, to what extent it will succeed in completing this goal.
NURSES’ PERCEPTION OF THEIR COMPETENCIES IN THE PROVISION OF PSYCHIATRIC CARE: A CASE OF LOITOKITOK SUB-COUNTY HOSPITAL
Authors: Wanjiru Muchene , Ntoiti Peter , Gathigia Ruth 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to assess nurses’ self-evaluation of their competencies in the care of psychiatric patients at Loitoktok Sub-County Referral Hospital.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study, employing census survey of all the 41 eligible nurses working in the hospital was done. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Informed voluntary consent and all other ethical clearances were obtained. The data obtained was analyzed using SPPS version 20.
Findings: Majority of nurses were from maternity department. On gender aspect, female nurses were more than male nurses. Most nurses had strong perceived competency in provision of psychiatric care especially in the area of therapeutic communication. The perceived competency did not significantly differ across the nurses’ qualification, neither did it significantly vary from one department to another. However, the study revealed significant variation in perceived competency across the various years of experience. Moreover, the perceived competency in conducting psychiatric assessment had a significant influence on the ability to provide psychiatric care. Likewise, the perceived intervention competency had an influence on the ability to provide care. However, there was no relationship between perceived communication competency and ability to provide psychiatric care.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: There is need for regular assessment of nurses’ competencies to form need based capacity building, especially for nurses with more than four years’ experience; and exploring opportunities of encouraging nurses to seek assistance with competencies they have deficiencies in.
HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS’ FACTORS INFLUENCING TRAUMA CARE PREPAREDNESS IN ACCIDENT AND EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT OF SELECTED HOSPITALS IN KAKAMEGA COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Okwiri Dinnah , Okoth John , Sum Tecla 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The main objective of the study was to determine health care provider factor influencing trauma care preparedness among health care providers working in accident and emergency department of the selected hospitals.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional Analytic study. Census sampling was used to select General Practitioner hospitals. Systematic sampling technique was used to choose study participants from 11 selected hospitals. The study participants were 183 health care providers (Doctors, Clinical Officers and Nurses) working in the selected hospitals’ accident and emergency departments. Data was collected using structured questionnaires and observation checklists. Data was analyzed using statistical package for Social Science software version 22.0. Inferential statistics were used to test the strength of association.
Findings; Health care providers’ factors that influenced trauma care preparedness were; specific training on trauma care (p=0.002), attending Continuing medical education (p=0.0008) and duration when last update was received (p= 0.04).
Unique contributions to Theory, Practice and Policy: Trauma related training, trauma related continuing medical education and duration when last trauma update was received influence trauma. Health care providers working in accident and emergency department should undergo trauma related training and get frequent updates on trauma care.
Implementation of Simple Additive Weighting in Providing Micro Business Loans at Bank Mandiri Pematangsiantar
Authors: Sitanggang Sahat Sonang , Sirait Erwin 
Published: May 2021

Banks are institutions and institutions that are organizations and institutions in Indonesia and have an important role in the sustainability of the Indonesian economy. Bank Mandiri is one of the banks that provides micro business credit facilities to the business world. The higher the public's interest in getting micro business credit, the banks need software to help determine who is entitled to credit. In order to produce a proper feasibility analysis, a method of decision-making in overcoming these problems is needed so that determining who is entitled to receive credit is not too long and efficient in reducing credit risk. Problems arise in the decision-making process for granting micro-business loans, namely the inaccuracy of micro-business credit recipients. The above problems can be resolved by building a Decision Support System which can assist decision makers in assessing and selecting micro business loans using variables: Income, Collateral, Loan Limit, Installments, Length of Business, Number of Dependents. The system built by applying the Simple Additive Weighting method is known as the method of adding weight. The Simple Additive Weighting method requires a decision matrix normalization process to a scale that can be compared with all available alternative ratings. This will be a reference in ranking and consider the advantages and disadvantages of applying for a credit loan in order to find the desired candidate. From the test results using 10 data samples, it was obtained that the first rank was received credit on behalf of A5 with a value of 9.33, and the last rank was on behalf of A6 with a value of 6.4. and very helpful in solving problems faced by Bank Mandiri Pematangsiantar.
Update to Assessing Economic Damages in Personal Injury and Wrongful Death Litigation: The State of Nebraska
Authors: Rosenbaum David I. , Richardson Mark 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In a recent paper, Rosenbaum and Richardson (2019) described assessing economic damages in personal injury and wrongful death cases in Nebraska. That article omitted discussion of Nebraska's rules regarding hedonic damages. This note corrects that omission.
A pre-clinical trial study on Afzelin: Anti-human lung cancer, anti-cholinesterase, and anti-glucosidase properties
Authors: Cao Ming , Fan Bo , Zhen Tianchang , Wang Junling 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionAfzelin is a glycosyloxyflavone that is kaempferol attached to an alpha-L-rhamnosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an antimicrobial (Antibacterial and antifungal) agent and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a glycosyloxyflavone, a trihydroxyflavone and a monosaccharide derivative. In this work, we determined the anticholinergic, antiepileptic, antidiabetic, and anti-human lung cancer capacities of afzelin.Material and methodsIC50 values were calculated for both acetylcholinesterase, and α-glycosidase as key enzymes effects of afzelin. The cytotoxicity and anticancer potential of human lung over the Afzelin using the common cytotoxicity test i.e., 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in vitro condition.ResultsIC50 values obtained 365.11 nM for acetyl cholinesterase and 0.94 nM for α-glycosidase were calculated in this study. Indeed, for these enzymes, Ki values were found as 300.65±56.01 nM for acetyl cholinesterase and 1.65±0.11 nM for α-glucosidase. Cell viability of Afzelin was very low against lung poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (PC-14), lung moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (LC-2/ad), and lung well-differentiated bronchogenic adenocarcinoma (HLC-1) cell lines without any cytotoxicity on the normal cell line.ConclusionsAs mentioned, the Afzelin had significant antioxidant and anti-human lung cancer properties. It appears that the anti-human lung carcinoma effect of Afzelin is due to their antioxidant effects.