bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Removal of NO, SO2 and Hg0 with the WDRMRS
Authors: Deng Mingqiang , Xiao Zhengguo , Li Dengxin , Zhu Qiaoling , Chen Qin , Wu Sicheng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Micro-nanobubbles can spontaneously generate hydroxyl free radicals (*OH). Urea is a cheap reductant and can react with NOx species, and their products are nontoxic and harmless N2, CO2 and H2O. In this study, a Wet Direct Recycling Micro-nanobubble Flue Gas Multi-pollutants Removal System (WDRMRS) was developed for the simultaneous removal of NO, SO2 and Hg0. In this system, a micro-nanobubble generator (MNBG) was used to produce a micro-nanobubble gas-liquid dispersion system (MNBGLS) through recycling the urea solution from the reactor and the simulated flue gas composed of N2, NO, SO2 and Hg0. The MNBGLS, which has a large gas-liquid dispersion interface, was recycled continuously from the MNBG to the reactor, thus achieving cyclic absorption of various pollutants. All of the investigated parameters, including the initial pH and temperature of the absorbent as well as the concentrations of urea, NO and SO2 had significant effects on the NO removal efficiency but did not significantly affect the SO2 removal efficiency, whereas only the initial solution pH and NO concentration affected the Hg0 removal efficiency. The analysis results of the reaction mechanism showed that played a critical role in the removal of various pollutants. After the treatment by this system, the main removal products were HgO sediment, and which could be easily recycled.
Severe Droughts of 1876-1878 in North China and Possible Causes
Authors: Hao Zhixin , Bai Mengxin , Xiong Danyang , Liu Yang , Zheng Jingyun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Extreme drought of 1876–1878 occurred in most regions of Northern China after the industrial revolution which has led to a series of social impacts, including harvest failure, price inflation, and population immigration. Concurrently, most regions of Northern Hemisphere occurred extreme drought. Here, we used the reconstructed high-resolution hydroclimatic (PDSI/precipitation) datasets, investigated the seasonal-annual hydroclimatic spatial patterns and drought intensity with time evolution from 1876 to 1878 in North China. Furthermore, we selected combined Sea Surface Temperature (SST) modes with positive IOD/PDO and El Niño from the 1200-year control run simulations of HadCM3 to diagnose the causes of this severe drought. The extent and intensity of selected SST mode was similar with that in Pacific and Indian Ocean during the 1876–1878 from NOAA/ERSST dataset. The results showed that the large-scale drought of 1876–1878 was mainly driven by El Niño and positive PDO, while the effect of IOD was not significant. El Niño may trigger Circumglobal Teleconnection of Northern Hemisphere, and meridional disturbance of mid-latitude Rossby wave train changed the intensity of trough and ridge, and further blocked water vapor transportation.
Temporal nanofluidic confinements induce prebiotic condensation in water
Authors: Herrera A. Greiner de , Markert T. , Trixler F. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A long-standing, crucial problem in the research on the chemical evolution towards the origin of life is the so-called ‘water paradox’. It states that although water is essential to life, key chemical reactions such as the synthesis of RNA are inhibited by it. Current hypotheses addressing this paradox have low prebiotic plausibility when taking the conservative nature of evolution into account. Here, we report spontaneous abiotic RNA formation in aqueous environments. The synthesis is driven by nanofluidic phenomena that alter critical properties of water. Our findings provide a solution to the paradox in a multifaceted way: abiotic, temporal nanofluidic confinements allow prebiotic condensation reaction pathways in water under stable, moderate conditions, emerge in aqueous particle suspensions as a geologically ubiquitous and thus prebiotic highly plausible environment and are consistent with the principle that evolution builds on existing pathways, as living cells also work with temporal nanoconfined water.
Highly sensitive and selective sensing of H2S gas using precipitation and impregnation-made CuO/SnO2 thick films
Authors: Leangtanom Pimpan , Wisitsoraat Anurat , Jaruwongrangsee Kata , Chanlek Narong , Tuantranont Adisorn , Phanichphant Sukon , Kruefu Viruntachar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this work, CuO-loaded tetragonal SnO2 nanoparticles (CuO/SnO2 NPs) were synthesized using precipitation/impregnation methods with varying Cu contents of 0–25 wt% and characterized for H2S detection. The material phase, morphology, chemical composition and specific surface area of NPs were evaluated using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis. From gas-sensing data, the H2S responses of SnO2 NPs were greatly enhanced by CuO loading particularly at the optimal Cu content of 20 wt%. The 20 wt%CuO/SnO2 sensor showed an excellent response of 1.36⋅105 towards 10 ppm H2S and high H2S selectivity against H2, SO2, CH4 and C2H2 at a low optimum working temperature of 200°C. In addition, the sensor provided fast response and a low detection limit of less than 0.15 ppm. The CuO-SnO2 sensor could therefore be a potential candidate for H2S detection in environmental applications.
Oxytetracycline Degradation by Heat-Activated Peroxydisulfate and Peroxymonosulfate Oxidation: Optimization by Box-Behnken Design
Authors: Ulucan-Altuntas Kubra , Guvenc Senem Yazici , Can-Güven Emine , Ilhan Fatih , Varank Gamze 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study investigates the removal of oxytetracycline performed by persulfate (PS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) processes. For this purpose, response surface methodology was used to examine the effectiveness of PS and PMS processes under both alkaline and thermal conditions. The effect of four independent variables, which were selected as pH, PS/PMS concentration, temperature, and time, were analyzed in a wide range. The working pH was between pH 3–11 to compare acidic and alkaline conditions, and the temperature was selected between 30 and 90°C to evaluate the effect of thermal activation of sulfate radicals for both processes. According to the results of prepared Response Surface Methodology (RSM) models, all four independent variables were determined to be highly significant for both PS and PMS. Especially in the PMS process, the highest PMS concentration was observed to complete degradation of OTC. The conditions for the highest removal were pH 9 and PS/PMS concentration was approximately 4mM for both processes, while the temperature and required time were 72.9°C and 75°C, 26.5 min and 20 min, for PS and PMS processes, respectively. PS process has higher kinetic constants at all pH values than the PMS process.
Comparison of multiple diagnostic tests to measure dynamic hyperinflation in patients with severe emphysema treated with endobronchial coils
Authors: Dijk Marlies van , Hartman Jorine E. , Augustijn Sonja W.S. , Hacken Nick H.T. ten , Klooster Karin , Slebos Dirk-Jan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
PurposeFor this study we aimed to compare dynamic hyperinflation measured by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), a six-minute walking test (6MWT) and a manually paced tachypnea test (MPT) in patients with severe emphysema who were treated with endobronchial coils. Additionally, we investigated whether dynamic hyperinflation changed after treatment with endobronchial coils.MethodsDynamic hyperinflation was measured with CPET, 6-MWT and an MPT in 29 patients before and after coil treatment. ResultsThere was no significant change in dynamic hyperinflation after treatment with coils. Comparison of CPET and MPT showed a strong association (rho 0.660, p<0.001) and a moderate agreement (BA-plot, 202 ml difference in favor of MPT). There was only a moderate association of the 6-MWT with CPET (rho 0.361, p 0.024).ConclusionMPT can be a suitable alternative to CPET to measure dynamic hyperinflation in severe emphysema, but may overestimate dynamic hyperinflation possibly due to a higher breathing frequency.
Genotyping of Listeria monocytogenes isolates by high-resolution melting curve (HRM) analysis of tandem repeat locus
Authors: Narimisa Negar , Amraei Fatemeh , Sholeh Mohammad , Mirkalantari Shiva , Razavi Shabnam , Lotfollahi Lida , Kalani Behrooz Sadeghi , Jazi Faramarz Masjedian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is responsible for causing listeriosis, a type of food poisoning with high mortality. This bacterium is mainly transmitted to humans through the consumption of contaminated foods. Detection of L. monocytogenes through molecular methods is crucial for food safety and clinical diagnosis. Present techniques are characterized by low discrimination power and high cost, as well as being time-consuming and taking several days to give the final result. In our study, MLVA-HRM was investigated as an alternative method for a fast and precise method for the genotyping of L. monocytogenes isolates. Forty-eight isolates of L. monocytogenes obtained from the microbial bank of Department of Microbiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, were typed by MLVA-HRM analysis using five VNTR loci. A total of 43 diﬀerent types were obtained. This research demonstrated the usefulness of the MLVA-HRMA method and its ability to discriminate L. monocytogenes isolates. Since this method is easier and more efficient than existing methods, it can be widely used in food processing plants and diagnostic laboratories as a fast and accurate method.
Serum Lipids are Novel Predictors for Thyroid Autoimmunity in the General Population with Normal TSH Levels From A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Li Jiarong , Wang Zixiao , Liu He , Fu Jinrong , Qin Fengye , Guan Haixia , Wang Wei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective

Serum lipids have been shown to regulate inflammatory and immune processes, but little is known about their association with thyroid autoimmunity. This study aimed to investigate the association of serum lipids with thyroid autoantibody positivity in the general population with normal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels.
Methods

Data regarding the 7,688 subjects’ baseline characteristics were retrospectively collected. All subjects were categorized into four groups according to thyroid autoantibodies against thyroglobulin (TgAb) and thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) positivity and serum lipid levels were compared. Binary logistic regression models were used to evaluate the risk of TgAb or TPOAb positivity with increasing serum lipid levels.
Results

In 6,456 included subjects, after adjusting for confounders, the risk of TgAb positivity was positively associated with increasing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (OR 1.10, 95%CI 1.02–1.19, P = 0.014) and negatively correlated with the increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (OR 0.80, 95%CI 0.67–0.96, P = 0.014). In female subjects, the association between increasing LDL-C (OR 1.15, 95%CI 1.05–1.26, P = 0.004) or HDL-C levels (OR 0.74, 95%CI 0.60–0.91, P = 0.005) and TgAb positivity become more pronounced. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between LDL-C levels and TPOAb positivity (OR 1.14, 95%CI 1.02–1.26, P = 0.016).
Conclusion

We have shown the associations of HDL-C and LDL-C with thyroid autoantibody positivity in the general population with normal TSH levels in a gender-dependent manner. This study highlights that serum lipids may be new predictors of thyroid autoimmunity even when TSH is within the reference range.
Virtual vs Traditional Seminar Course Satisfaction Among Two Groups of Pharmacy Students: Survey Observational Study
Authors: Harbi Shmeylan A. Al , Shawaqfeh Mohammad S. , Qotineh Amenah , Abdalla Mariam , Abujamal Mohammed , Alakeel Yousif , Katheri Abdulmalik A. Al , Bekairy Abdulkareem M. Al 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background:Distance learning in pharmacy schools has gained importance with the growth of technology. However, facing the COVID-19 pandemic governments worldwide have dramatically accelerated the pace of implementing virtual learning not only to prevent the spread of the virus but also to ensure continuity of education. Studies have provided emerging evidence assessing the distance learning environment, barriers, obstacles, perceptions, and attitudes of educators as well as learners since the outbreak. Objectives: To evaluate students’ satisfaction in seminar course conducted virtually due to distance learning model in comparison to previous conventional seminar presentation.Materials and Methods: A total of 102 students’ responses to 8-questions survey were collected and analyzed. The responders were 42 students from batch 5, the conventional in-class seminar model (41%) and 60 students from batch 6 students, the virtual seminar model 59%) were included. The survey score was compiled for all questions to reflect the students’ satisfaction. In this study, we have used the descriptive statistics like mean and standard deviation and to find the comparison between group-1 (Batch 5) and group-2 (batch-6) using independent sample t-test, p<0.05 was fixed as level of significant.Results: Virtual seminar model (batch 6) reported a conveniently high satisfaction like the conventional in-class seminar model (batch 5).Conclusion: The college of pharmacy at King Saud bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Science was successfully able to modify the seminar course due to the COVID-19 outbreak to ensure the safety of students and staff while maintaining the quality of the course, and further improving the students’ satisfaction.
Sacro-coxxygial hygiene, a Key Factor in the Outcome of Pilonidal Sinus surgical treatment ?
Authors: Dupuis Arnaud , Christou Niki , Teterycz Dorota , Balaphas Alexandre , Robert-Yap Joan , Zufferey Guillaume , Skala Karel , Alketbi Mariam , Liot Emilie , Buchs Nicolas C. , Roche Bruno , Ris Frederic 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Surgical wound infection contributes to prolonged recovery time after pilonidal sinus excision. As a standard procedure after surgery, we recommend our patients to perform water irrigations in the intergluteal cleft 4 to 6 times a day during the post-operative period. Our hypothesis is that this should reduce healing time and complication rates. The aim of this study was to measure the importance of sacro coccygeal hygiene in the management of pilonidal sinus disease.
Methods
We retrospectively collected data after surgical management of pilonidal sinus (sinusectomy procedures) in our division over a ten-year period. Patients were divided into three groups according to their local hygiene during postoperative follow-up and scored one (G1: good hygiene) to three (G3: poor hygiene). Primary outcome was complication rates. Secondary endpoints were, healing time, follow-up, time off work, and recurrence rate.
Results
In G1 (N = 112), complication rate was 3.6%. In G2 (N = 109), it was 5.5%, whereas in G3 (N = 71), it reached 7.03%. However, there were no statistically significant differences between hygiene groups regarding complication rates in both univariate and multivariable analysis. Regarding secondary outcomes, there were significant differences between hygiene groups concerning median follow-up (p = 0.0001) and median time off work (p = 0.0127).
Conclusion
Good hygiene of wound is essential for optimal, rapid healing without complications. The importance of this report is to show that thanks to our hygiene follow-up strategy with frequent perineal irrigations and regular follow-up checks, patients with at a first glance “unclean local conditions”, reached similar complications, median healing time and recurrences rates to patients with medium and good wound hygiene level
Hemiconvulsion-Hemiplegia-Epilepsy syndrome with 5q33.3q34 microdeletion: causal or chance association
Authors: Xue Jiao , Song Zhenfeng , Yi Zhi , Yang Chengqing , Li Fei , Liu Kaixuan , Zhang Ying 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Hemiconvulsion–hemiplegia–epilepsy (HHE) syndrome is a rare syndrome characterized by childhood onset partial motor convulsions, hemiplegia, and epilepsy in sequence. Exact pathogenesis is not clear.
Case presentation:

We present a girl with global developmental delay with history and brain MRI consistent with the diagnosis of HHE syndrome. The cytogenetic microarray (CMA) showed 9.1 Mb deletion in 5q33.3q34 region. Along with HHE syndrome, the patient also had global developmental delay. Clinical phenotype of this microdeletion region has not been described in association with HHE syndrome in the literature. We compared the patient’s phenotype with other patients in 5 previously published papers of a common region of deletion spanning 157501989–164166203. GABRA1, GABRB2, GABRG2, CYFIP2, THG1 are the important genes in the present deleted region, which may be responsible for the fever sensitivity and global developmental delay.
Conclusions

This is the first case of HHE syndrome in which CMA showed a microdeletion of 5q33.3q34 region. This case report links HHE syndrome and global developmental delay to microdeletions of 5q33.3q34, which has never been reported in literature. Cause of HHE syndrome remains unexplained in present case and HHE may be a causal or chance co-occurrence.
Preparation of functionalized mesoporous silica as a novel carrier and immobilization of laccase
Authors: Yang Bo , Tang Kun , Wei Shuwei , Zhai Xuejun , Nie Nanzhu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Amino modified mesoporous silica (SBA-15-NH2) was prepared by hydrothermal method, which is a kind of excellent carrier for enzyme immobilization. The structure of SBA-15 was characterized by SEM and FTIR, which proved that amino group was successfully attached to the surface of SBA-15. The carrier had good mesoporous structure by nitrogen adsorption and desorption test. Using SBA-15-NH2 as the carrier, the optimal conditions of laccase immobilization by two different cross-linking methods were explored. At the same time, the properties of immobilized enzyme and free enzyme were compared. The results showed that the activity of immobilized laccase by two-step method (2977.5 U/g) was much higher than that by one-step method (239.5 U/g). The optimal conditions were as follows: free laccase (35℃, pH = 4.5), two-step immobilized laccase (40℃, pH = 4.0), one-step immobilized laccase (35℃, pH = 4.0). The two-step method was more adaptable to temperature. The pH adaptation range of immobilized enzyme was wider, and the thermal stability was greatly enhanced. After five cycles of repeated reaction, the residual enzyme activity of two-step and one-step methods were 56% and 43% of the original. The treatment of simulated wastewater containing 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) by immobilized laccase was also studied. Under the optimum conditions (40℃, pH = 5.0, 20 mg/L), the removal of 2,4-DCP can reach 89.06%.
Identification of Differentially Expressed Proteins in the Serum for Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Using Next-generation Proteomics
Authors: Sato Hironori , Inoue Yuzaburo , Kawashima Yusuke , Nakajima Daisuke , Nakamura Ren , Kato Daigo , Mitsunaga Kanako , Yamamoto Takeshi , Yamaide Akiko , Tomiita Minako , Hoshioka Akira , Ohara Osamu , Shimojo Naoki 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) is an autoinflammatory disease caused by high production of inflammatory cytokines. Conventional biomarkers, such as IL-18 are reportedly not always associated with frequent relapses or complication with macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). As few specific biomarkers that can indicate and evaluate the sJIA disease activity have been identified, the discovery of biomarkers is very important. We performed a deep proteomic analysis of serum samples from nine patients with sJIA using highly sensitive mass spectrometry, and identified differentially expressed proteins in various disease phases. We selected 68 proteins (URPs) that were highly expressed in the active phase from total of 2,727 proteins. Pathway analysis revealed that the URPs included proteins related to many immune process and proteasome proteins, which might be associated with the pathogenesis of sJIA. Based on these results, four proteins (leucine aminopeptidase 3; LAP3, guanylate-binding protein 1; GBP1, Heme oxygenase 1; HMOX1, and bone morphogenetic protein 10; BMP10), which exhibit high fold changes during the active phase or which might be core proteins in the functional network were selected as candidate biomarkers. These proteins may be clinically useful for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes and might help determine the pathogenesis of the disease.
Effect of 6 MeV electron Irradiation on Nano-Cu 2 ZnSnS 4
Authors: Kandare Sneha Pravin , Bhoraskar V. N. , Phatangare A. B . , Rao Rekha , Rao Mala , Dhole Sanjay D , Dahiwale Shailendra Satish 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Microwave synthesized nano sized Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) powder was irradiated with 6 MeV electrons, to investigate stability under radiation. The structural, optical, vibrational and morphological properties were explored using X-ray diffraction, UV-Visible spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).The irradiated sample shows significant change in properties when compared to the pristine sample. X ray peak broadening analysis has been used to estimate the crystallite size and lattice strain. Raman spectroscopy analysis confirms the transition of ordered kesterite to disordered kesterite phase after electron irradiation at electron fluence of 4 x1015 e-/cm2. CZTS nano-particles having hierarchical flower like morphology starts agglomerating after electron irradiation as observed from SEM images. The sample did not amorphize upto the highest fluence 4 x 1015 e-/cm2 employed in this study.