bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new automated method for high‐throughput carbon and hydrogen isotope analysis of gaseous and dissolved methane at atmospheric concentrations
Authors: Smith Andrew C. , Welsh Steve , Atkinson Helen , Harris David , Leng Melanie J. 
Published: March 2021

RationaleThe dual isotope ratio analysis, carbon (δ13C value) and hydrogen (δ2H value), of methane (CH4) is a valuable tracer tool within a range of areas of scientific investigation, not least wetland ecology, microbiology, CH4 source identification and the tracing of geological leakages of thermogenic CH4 in groundwater. Traditional methods of collecting, purification, separating and analysing CH4 for δ13C and δ2H determination are, however, very time consuming, involving offline manual extractions.MethodsHere we describe a new gas chromatography, pyrolysis/combustion, isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) system for the automated analysis of either dissolved or gaseous CH4 down to ambient atmospheric concentrations (2.0 ppm). Sample introduction is via a traditional XYZ autosampler, allowing either helium (He) purging of gas or sparging of water from a range of suitable, airtight bottles.ResultsThe system routinely achieves precision of <0.3‰ for δ13C values and <3.0‰ for δ2H values, based on long‐term replicate analysis of an in‐house CH4/He mix standard (BGS‐1), corrected to two externally calibrated reference gases at near atmospheric concentrations of methane. Depending upon CH4 concentration and therefore bottle size, the system runs between 21 (140‐mL bottle) and 200 samples (12‐mL exetainer) in an unattended run overnight.ConclusionsThis represents the first commercially available IRMS system for dual δ13C and δ2H analysis of methane at atmospheric concentrations and a step forward for the routine (and high‐volume) analysis of CH4 in environmental studies.
Linear matrix inequality‐based solution for memory static output‐feedback control of discrete‐time linear systems affected by time‐varying parameters
Authors: Palma Jonathan M. , Morais Cecília F. , Oliveira Ricardo C. L. F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article investigates the problem of designing static output‐feedback controllers for linear parameter‐varying (LPV) discrete‐time systems through the enrichment of the system dynamics. For this purpose, the past values of the measured outputs are included in the control law. Differently from the previous methods from the literature addressing memory control, a locally convergent iterative procedure based on linear matrix inequalities is proposed to solve the problem. As the main novelty, the procedure deals with the control gains as optimization variables of the problem (no change of variables is necessary), addressing state‐ and output‐feedback in the same way, and allowing to cope with magnitude or structural constraints (such as decentralization) without introducing extra conservativeness. Numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness of the method, providing in general less conservative stabilization results than the existing methods when dealing with LPV systems.
A discretization approach to sampled‐data stabilization of networked systems with successive packet losses
Authors: Hu Zhipei , Zhang Jin , Deng Feiqi , Fan Zhun , Qiu Li 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article is concerned with the stabilization problem for a class of networked systems subject to successive packet losses. Different from the input delay approach used in some existing literature, the continuous‐time system under consideration is first converted into a discrete‐time stochastic system with system matrices subject to stochastic characteristic. In order to deal with the difficulties in the calculations of mathematical expectations of both matrix exponential and integral of matrix exponential function, the upper bound of successive packet losses and packet drop rate are assumed to be known and then the probabilities of the number of successive packet losses taking each value in a bounded set are calculated. Based on this, stability criteria are derived by recurring to the law of total expectation, which guarantee the exponential mean‐square stability of resulting closed‐loop discrete‐time stochastic system with a prescribed H∞ performance. Moreover, a controller design procedure is then proposed. Finally, to verify the analysis results and testify the effectiveness and applicability of the designed algorithm, a numerical simulation example is given.
[Cu15(PPh3)6(PET)13]2+: a Copper Nanocluster with Crystallization Enhanced Photoluminescence
Authors: Nematulloev Saidkhodzha , Huang Ren‐Wu , Yin Jun , Shkurenko Aleksander , Dong Chunwei , Ghosh Atanu , Alamer Badriah , Naphade Rounak , Hedhili Mohamed Nejib , Maity Partha , Eddaoudi Mohamed , Mohammed Omar F. , Bakr Osman M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDue to their atomically precise structure, photoluminescent copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) have emerged as promising materials in both fundamental studies and technological applications, such as bio‐imaging, cell labeling, phototherapy, and photo‐activated catalysis. In this work, a facile strategy is reported for the synthesis of a novel Cu NCs coprotected by thiolate and phosphine ligands, formulated as [Cu15(PPh3)6(PET)13]2+, which exhibits bright emission in the near‐infrared (NIR) region (≈720 nm) and crystallization‐induced emission enhancement (CIEE) phenomenon. Single crystal X‐ray crystallography shows that the NC possesses an extraordinary distorted trigonal antiprismatic Cu6 core and a, unique among metal clusters, “tri‐blade fan”‐like structure. An in‐depth structural investigation of the ligand shell combined with density functional theory calculations reveal that the extended CH···π and π‐π intermolecular ligand interactions significantly restrict the intramolecular rotations and vibrations and, thus, are a major reason for the CIEE phenomena. This study provides a strategy for the controllable synthesis of structurally defined Cu NCs with NIR luminescence, which enables essential insights into the origins of their optical properties.
Facet‐Dependent Strain Determination in Electrochemically Synthetized Platinum Model Catalytic Nanoparticles
Authors: Carnis Jérôme , Gao Lu , Fernández Sara , Chahine Gilbert , Schülli Tobias U. , Labat Stéphane , Hensen Emiel J. M. , Thomas Olivier , Hofmann Jan P. , Richard Marie‐Ingrid 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStudying model nanoparticles is one approach to better understand the structural evolution of a catalyst during reactions. These nanoparticles feature well‐defined faceting, offering the possibility to extract structural information as a function of facet orientation and compare it to theoretical simulations. Using Bragg Coherent X‐ray Diffraction Imaging, the uniformity of electrochemically synthesized model catalysts is studied, here high‐index faceted tetrahexahedral (THH) platinum nanoparticles at ambient conditions. 3D images of an individual nanoparticle are obtained, assessing not only its shape but also the specific components of the displacement and strain fields both at the surface of the nanocrystal and inside. The study reveals structural diversity of shapes and defects, and shows that the THH platinum nanoparticles present strain build‐up close to facets and edges. A facet recognition algorithm is further applied to the imaged nanoparticles and provides facet‐dependent structural information for all measured nanoparticles. In the context of strain engineering for model catalysts, this study provides insight into the shape‐controlled synthesis of platinum nanoparticles with high‐index facets.
A Simple Dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]pyrrol‐Rhodanine Molecular Third Component Enables Over 16.7% Efficiency and Stable Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Hongtao , Yang Linqiang , Lin Po‐Chen , Chueh Chu‐Chen , Liu Xin , Qu Shenya , Guang Shun , Yu Jiangsheng , Tang Weihua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOrganic solar cells (OSCs) can achieve greatly improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) by incorporating suitable additives in active layers. Their structure design often faces the challenge of operation generality for more binary blends. Herein, a simple dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]pyrrole‐rhodanine molecule (DR8) featuring high compatibility with polymer donor PM6 is developed as a cost‐effective third component. By employing classic ITIC‐like ITC6‐4Cl and Y6 as model nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) in PM6‐based binary blends, DR8 added PM6:ITC6‐4Cl blends exhibit significantly promoted energy transfer and exciton dissociation. The PM6:ITC6‐4Cl:DR8 (1:1:0.1, weight ratio) OSCs contribute an exciting PCE of 14.94% in comparison to host binary devices (13.52%), while PM6:Y6:DR8 (1:1.2:0.1) blends enable 16.73% PCE with all simultaneously improved photovoltaic parameters. To the best of the knowledge, this performance is among the best for ternary OSCs with simple small molecular third components in the literature. More importantly, DR8‐added ternary OSCs exhibit much improved device stability against thermal aging and light soaking over binary ones. This work provides new insight on the design of efficient third components for OSCs.
Correlating Catalyst Design and Discharged Product to Reduce Overpotential in Li‐CO2 Batteries
Authors: Li Jiantao , Dai Alvin , Amine Khalil , Lu Jun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLi‐CO2 batteries with dual efficacy for greenhouse gas CO2 sequestration and high energy output have been regarded as a promising electrochemical energy storage technology. However, battery feasibility has been hampered by inferior electrochemical performance due to large overpotentials and low cyclability primarily caused by the difficult decomposition of ultra‐stable Li2CO3 during charge. The use of cathode catalysts has been highlighted as a promising solution and catalyst properties, as well as the nature of discharge products, are closely correlated with electrochemical performance. Here, the catalyst design strategies that include active site enrichment, electrical transport enhancement, and mass transfer improvement are summarized. Catalyst effects on product decomposition are then subsequently introduced, while product geometry and chemical composition will be explored, with an emphasis on the formation/decomposition of Li2C2O4 instead of Li2CO3. Building on previous research, future directions that facilitate improvements in catalyst design are put forward to reinforce the fundamental development of Li‐CO2 batteries.
MBP‐activated autoimmunity plays a role in arsenic‐induced peripheral neuropathy and the potential protective effect of mecobalamin
Authors: He Qican , Chen Bingzhi , Chen Shaoyi , Zhang Muyang , Duan Lidan , Feng Xiangling , Chen Jihua , Zhou Lezhou , Chen Lv , Duan Yanying 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntake excessive arsenic (As) is related to the occurrence of peripheral neuropathy. However, both the underlying mechanism and the preventive approach remain largely unknown. In the present study, As treatment significantly decreased the mechanical withdrawal threshold and increased the titer of anti‐myelin basic protein antibody in rats, accompanied with damaged BNB. The levels of inflammatory cytokines and proteolytic enzymes were also significantly upregulated. However, administration of MeCbl in As‐treated rats significantly reversed the decline in hindfoot mechanical withdrawal threshold, as well as BNB failure and sciatic nerve inflammation. Repeated As treatment in athymic nude mice indicated that sciatic nerve inflammation and mechanical hyperalgesia were T cell‐dependent. These data implicated that MBP‐activated autoimmunity and the related neuroinflammation probably contributed to As‐induced mechanical hyperalgesia and MeCbl exerted a protective role probably via maintenance the integrity of BNB and inhibition of neuroinflammation.
Chemical methods for measuring RNA expression with metabolic labeling
Authors: Singha Monika , Spitalny Leslie , Nguyen Kim , Vandewalle Abigail , Spitale Robert C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTracking the expression of RNA in a cell‐specific manner is a major challenge in basic and disease research. Herein we outline the current state of employing chemical approaches for cell‐specific RNA expression studies. We define the utility of metabolic labels for tracking RNA synthesis, the approaches for characterizing metabolic incorporation and enrichment of labeled RNAs, and finally outline how these approaches have been used to study biological systems by providing mechanistic insights into transcriptional dynamics. Further efforts on this front will be the continued development of novel chemical handles for RNA enrichment and profiling as well as innovative approaches to control cell‐specific incorporation of chemically modified metabolic probes. These advancements in RNA metabolic labeling techniques permit sensitive detection of RNA expression dynamics within relatively small subsets of cells in living tissues and organisms that are critical to performing complex developmental and pathological processes.This article is categorized under:
RNA Methods > RNA Analyses in Cells
RNA Evolution and Genomics > Ribonomics
RNA Structure and Dynamics > RNA Structure, Dynamics and Chemistry
Enhanced Fluorescence of La3+, Gd3+ doped EuW10 for Temperature sensing performance
Authors: Yin Y. T. , Guo X. , He C. C. , Sun J. , Li X. , Zhou C. , Su Z. M. , Khakhinov V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUsing the luminescent properties of temperature‐sensitive paints (TSPs) to monitor temperature is a new type of temperature measurement technology. Herein, Na9[EuW10O36](EuW10) molecules were doped with non‐fluorescent rare earth metal ions (La3+ and Gd3+) to prepare Na9[EuxLa1‐xW10O36](EuxLa1‐xW10) and Na9[EuxGd1‐xW10O36](EuxGd1‐xW10) probe molecules. The doping of non‐fluorescent rare earth metal ions (La3+ and Gd3+) will not change the structure of the parent EuW10. As the relative content of La3+ ions increasing, the luminescent intensity of the EuxLa1‐xW10 series decreases non‐monotonically; as the relative content of Gd3+ ions increasing, the luminescent intensity of EuxGd1‐xW10 series decreases monotonically. Subsequently, EuxLa1‐xW10 and EuxGd1‐xW10 as probe molecules were added into methyl methacrylate (MMA) to obtain temperature‐sensitive paints via polymerization process. In the range of 50 °C to 100 °C, the maximum relative sensitivity of temperature‐sensitive paints EuW10/PMMA, Eu0.9La0.1W10/PMMA and Eu0.7Gd0.3W10/PMMA can reach 1.27 % °C−1, 1.43 % °C−1, 1.42 % °C−1, respectively. This study indicates that the temperature sensing characteristics can be enhanced by doping EuW10 with non‐fluorescent rare earth ions (La3+, Gd3+), which can be promising materials used in more areas with high‐precision temperature measurements.
Spermatic profile of captive giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla): Knowing more to preserve better
Authors: Mendonça Marco Antonio Carstens , Nichi Marcílio , Teixeira Rodrigo Hidalgo Friciello , Braga Fabrício Rassy , Simões Renata , Losano João Diego de Agostini , Jorge‐Neto Pedro Nacib , Pizzutto Cristiane Schilbach 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) is being threatened by natural habitat destruction and fragmentation, illegal hunting and road kills. In this context, the generation of basic information on the reproductive parameters of this species is vital, aiming to improve reproductive management via, amongst others, assisted reproductive technologies. This study aimed to describe the morphological and functional features of semen collected from captive giant anteaters. Electroejaculation was performed in 13 animals housed in zoos located in São Paulo state, Brazil. Semen samples were collected from 13 animals in 16 procedures. Samples were evaluated for volume, motility, vigor, pH, concentration, sperm morphology, and functional tests. The following mean values were obtained: volume 1.28 ± 0.27 mL; motility 28.3 ± 6.2%; vigor 2.4 ± 0.25; concentration 129.4 ± 36.1 × 106 sperm/mL; pH 7.4 ± 0.2. Total acrosome, head, midpiece, and tail sperm abnormalities were 3.2 ± 0.8%, 25.4 ± 3.6%, 20.7 ± 3.2%, and 14.7 ± 2.6%, respectively. Intact acrosome was found in 83.7 ± 3.1% and intact membrane in 81.1 ± 4.0% of all samples collected. Mitochondrial activity was 66.4 ± 6.0% (Class I), 18.7 ± 2.9% (Class II), 8.0 ± 2.0% (Class III), 3.9 ± 1.0% (Class IV), and 3.0 ± 0.9% (Class V). Sperm DNA fragmentation rate was 13.2 ± 3.7%. These results indicated that electroejaculation is a feasible method for semen collection in giant anteaters, allowing a more detailed description of the semen in this species.
Urban Advantage? Sustainable Consumption and Ontological Cityism Across the Urban Hierarchy
Authors: Lerpold Lin , Sjöberg Örjan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUrban areas are often, and not without reason, portrayed as an opportunity to reduce environmental impacts: more effective use of land, better opportunities for the provision of public transport and less need on a per capita basis for investment in physical infrastructure. This is also the message of the literature on urban scaling. The very nature of the agglomeration economies that allow for economising on natural resources may, however, result in higher levels of per capita consumption. A major reason is that high density often translates into higher costs of space, in turn encouraging the concentration of high(er) productivity activities in major cities. As a result, spatial sorting occurs (e.g. with respect to educational attainment and incomes) and with it potentially also a differentiation of consumption patterns. In consequence, not just size and density, but also position in the urban hierarchy may need to be taken into account in assessing sustainability outcomes. To grasp the issue of urban sustainability, however, intra-urban differentiation too, will have to be considered in tandem with the inter-urban issues of boundary drawing for measurement—what we call “ontological cityism”. This is especially so if the focus shifts from the environmental to the social dimensions of sustainability, and if the trade-offs across the three pillars of sustainability are to be understood.
Urban Advantage? Sustainability Trade-Offs Across and Within the Intra-Urban Space
Authors: Lerpold Lin , Sjöberg Örjan , Tang Wing-Shing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract“Sustainable cities” as a singular concept may very well be a utopian vision impossible to realise in a broader sense. In this chapter, we review the literature on urban sustainability highlighting the complexities and trade-offs between and within the 3 Es—ecology, economy and equality. In particular, we focus here on the intra-urban dimensions of density, mobility, the built environment and housing, lifestyle trends and gentrification along with social sustainability issues of crime, homelessness and community. While gains from increased size and density can be had, there are also many outcomes that depend on urban morphology and the consequences of spatial sorting. Positive outcomes generated by density and efficiency may be offset by, for instance, less sustainable construction materials or increased income inequality. In particular, rebound effects are often overlooked. Hence, it often becomes an empirical issue whether the potential for sustainability gains materialise. Furthermore, as assessed from a more holistic 3 Es’ view, where social sustainability is as important as environmental sustainability, the potential of a “sustainable city” may be a victim of trade-offs that are difficult to resolve.
X-Ray Sources at Large-Scale Facilities
Authors: Willmott Philip R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHigh-brilliance X-ray sources are powerful probes to investigate the properties of matter down to the sub-angstrom scale and on time scales that can extend below a femtosecond. In this chapter, an introductory overview of the physics behind storage ring-based synchrotrons and linear accelerator-based X-ray free-electron lasers is presented, while the properties of the radiation they produce are explained.
Electronic Structure Theory for X-Ray Absorption and Photoemission Spectroscopy
Authors: Krüger Peter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe principles of X-ray absorption and photoemission spectroscopy calculations are introduced and the basics of electronic structure theory, including the Hartree–Fock approximation, density functional theory, its time-dependent version and quasiparticle theory are reviewed on an elementary level. Emphasis is put on polarization effects and the role played by electron correlation.
X-ray Dichroisms in Spherical Tensor and Green’s Function Formalism
Authors: Elnaggar Hebatalla , Glatzel Pieter , Retegan Marius , Brouder Christian , Juhin Amélie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this book chapter, our goal is to provide experimentalists and theoreticians with an accessible approach to the measurement or calculation of X-ray dichroisms in X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). We start by presenting the key ideas of different calculation methods such as density functional theory (DFT) and ligand-field multiplet (LFM) theory and discuss the pros and cons for each approach. The second part of the chapter is dedicated to the expansion of the XAS cross section using spherical tensors for electric dipole and quadrupole transitions. This expansion enables to identify a set of linearly independent spectra that represent the smallest number of measurements (or calculations) to be performed on a sample, in order to extract all spectroscopic information. Examples of the different dichroic effects which can be expected depending on the type of transitions and on the symmetry of the system are then given.
p-Wave Superconductivity and d-Vector Representation
Authors: Brison Jean-Pascal 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSince the mid-80s, new classes of superconductors have been discovered in which the origin of superconductivity cannot be attributed to the electron–ion interactions at the heart of conventional superconductivity. Most of these unconventional superconductors are strongly correlated electron systems, and identifying (or even more difficult, predicting) the precise superconducting state has been, and sometimes remains, an actual challenge. However, in most cases, it has been demonstrated that in these materials the spin state of the Cooper pairs is a singlet state, often associated with a ‘d-wave’ or ‘$$s +/-$$

s
+
/
-

’ orbital state. For a few systems, a spin-triplet state is strongly suspected, like in superfluid $$^3$$

3

He; this leads to a much more complex superconducting order parameter. This was long supposed to be the case for the d-electron system Sr$$_2$$

2

RuO$$_4$$

4

, and is very likely realized in some uranium-based (f-electron) ‘heavy fermions’ like UPt$$_3$$

3

(with multiple superconducting phases) or UGe$$_2$$

2

(with coexisting ferromagnetic order). Beyond the interest for these materials, p-wave superconductivity is presently quite fashionable for its topological properties and the prediction that it could host Majorana-like low energy excitations, seen as a route towards robust (topologically protected) qubits. The aim of these notes is to make students and experimentalists more familiar with the d-vector representation used to describe p-wave (spin triplet) superconductivity. The interest of this formalism will be illustrated on some systems where p-wave superconductivity is the prime suspect.