bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of streaming velocities and Lyman–Werner radiation on the formation of the first stars
Authors: Schauer Anna T P , Glover Simon C O , Klessen Ralf S , Clark Paul 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
The first stars in the Universe, the so-called Population III stars, form in small dark matter minihaloes with virial temperatures Tvir &lt; 104 K. Cooling in these minihaloes is dominated by molecular hydrogen (H2), and so Population III star formation is only possible in those minihaloes that form enough H2 to cool on a short timescale. As H2 cooling is more effective in more massive minihaloes, there is therefore a critical halo mass scale Mmin above which Population III star formation first becomes possible. Two important processes can alter this minimum mass scale: streaming of baryons relative to the dark matter and the photodissociation of H2 by a high redshift Lyman–Werner (LW) background. In this paper, we present results from a set of high resolution cosmological simulations that examine the impact of these processes on Mmin and on Mave (the average minihalo mass for star formation), both individually and in combination. We show that streaming has a bigger impact on Mmin than the LW background, but also that both effects are additive. We also provide a fitting functions quantifying the dependence of Mave and Mmin on the streaming velocity and the strength of the LW background.
New observations of the eclipsing binary system NY Vir and its candidate circumbinary planets
Authors: Er Huseyin , Özdönmez Aykut , Nasiroglu Ilham 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
As a result of various studies, it has been determined that several post-common envelope eclipsing binaries have variations in their orbital periods. These variations are thought to be caused by the existence of additional bodies in the system (hypothetical stars or planets) and/or other physical effects (such as angular momentum loss, magnetic activity) of the binary system. It is also known that the sdB+M eclipsing system NY Vir has shown such variations in the last decade, indicating additional objects and/or other physical effects. In this work, we present 51 new eclipse times for this system, which extend the time-span of it is O − C diagram by about 3 yr, obtained between 2015 and 2021 using two different telescopes in Turkey. The data obtained in the last 3 yr show a new trend in the O − C diagram differently from the predictions of the previous studies. Our model is consistent with the new O − C diagram, which is statistically well fitted with the quadratic term and the additional two planets with masses of M3 = 2.74 MJup and M4 = 5.59 MJup. However, the orbital period variation can also be related to magnetic activity. In order to better understand the mechanism causing the changes in the orbital period, new observation data are needed that will show at least one full cycle of the change in the O − C diagram.
High-mass X-ray binaries with Be donors as ultraluminous X-ray sources
Authors: Karino Shigeyuki 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Since the detection of X-ray pulses from ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) in 2014, neutron stars have been considered as their central objects. However, it remains unclear how neutron stars can be brighter than the Eddington luminosity, and no unified view exists on the magnetic field of neutron stars and the degree of beaming. Recent observations suggest that some X-ray pulsating ULXs have Be-type donors, and some of them occupy the same region as Be-type high-mass X-ray binaries (Be-HMXBs) on the Corbet diagram, which reveals the relation between spin and orbital periods. This suggests that at least some ULXs are special cases of Be-HMXBs. In this study, we use the framework of mass accretion models for Be-HMXBs to investigate the conditions under which neutron stars achieve mass accretion rates beyond the Eddington limit and become observable as ULXs. We show that a Be-HMXB may become a ULX if the magnetic field of the neutron star and the density of the Be disc meet certain conditions. We also show that, although a stronger magnetic field increases the brightness of a neutron star ULX with a Be donor, its brightness cannot exceed the Eddington limit by a more than a factor of ≈50. Finally, we propose a scenario whereby some normal Be-HMXBs may evolve into ULXs as the donor evolves into a giant.
Cross-Comparison of 4-Dimensional Flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Intraoperative Middle Cerebral Artery Pressure Measurements Before and After Superficial Temporal Artery-Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Sekine Tetsuro , Murai Yasuo , Orita Erika , Ando Takahiro , Takagi Ryo , Amano Yasuo , Matano Fumihiro , Iwata Kotomi , Ogawa Masashi , Obara Makoto , Kumita Shinichiro 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The hemodynamic changes after superficial temporal artery (STA) to middle cerebral artery (MCA) bypass surgery are unclear.

OBJECTIVE
To clarify the hemodynamics by comparing flow parameters obtained by 4-dimensional (4D) flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and intraoperative MCA pressure measurement.

METHODS
We recruited 23 patients who underwent STA-MCA bypass surgery for internal carotid artery (ICA) or MCA stenosis. We monitored intraoperative MCA, STA, and radial artery (RA) pressure. All patients underwent 4D flow MRI preoperatively and 3 wk after surgery to quantify the blood flow volume (BFV) of the ipsilateral ICA (BFViICA), contralateral ICA (BFVcICA), basilar artery (BFVBA), ipsilateral STA (BFViSTA), and contralateral STA (BFVcSTA). The sum of intracranial BFV was defined as BFVtotal. We compared BFV parameters and intraoperative pressure.

RESULTS
BFViSTA significantly increased after surgery (P < .001). BFViICA and BFVBA significantly decreased after surgery (BFViICA
P = .005; BFVBA
P = .02). No significant difference was observed between BFVcICA before and after surgery. As a result, BFVtotal postoperatively increased by 6.8%; however, no significant difference was observed. Flow direction at M1 changed from antegrade to unclear after surgery in 5 patients. Intraoperative MCA pressure and MCA/RA pressure ratio significantly increased after surgery (P < .001). We found a stronger positive correlation between MCA pressure increase ratio and BFVtotal increase ratio in patients with lower pre-MCA pressure (r = 0.907, P < .001).

CONCLUSION
The visual and quantitative assessment of 4D flow MRI revealed that intracranial blood flow changes complementarily after STA-MCA bypass surgery. 4D flow MRI may detect the improvement of cerebral perfusion pressure.
Far More Imprisonments
Authors: Schellenberg Ryan S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis chapter takes as its point of departure 2 Corinthians 11:23 and the multiple imprisonments of Paul to which it attests. Surveying the uses of prison in the administration of Rome’s eastern provinces, it argues that the detentions of Paul and other early Christ purveyors were mostly undertaken not by Roman provincial authorities but by local magistrates. This conclusion has significant implications for reconstructing the accusations against Paul and describing his social location. Paul was not charged with treason (maiestas), as some recent scholars have suggested. Rather, local officials took punitive or coercive action against him for much the same reason they periodically sought to contain other freelance religious experts, whose activity was often deemed disruptive. For historians of the Roman prison, the detention of Paul and other early Christ purveyors provides valuable and largely neglected evidence for such use of punitive confinement.
Conclusion
Authors: Schellenberg Ryan S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe book concludes by summarizing key arguments and contributions; articulating how the abject joy it describes relates to accounts of early Christian abjection inspired by Julia Kristeva; briefly justifying the biographical interpretive mode it exemplifies; and returning to the question raised in the Introduction regarding the moral entailments of contentment in prison. The joy of which Paul writes in Philippians pertains to a distinct social location and a distinct emotional community; it is not the joy of the sated or the sage, but of the subjugated. Unburdened of his role as universal paradigm, Paul gives poignant witness to something at once more modest and more exacting: the strange, unruly art of making do.
The Anatomy of Uncertainty
Authors: Han Paul K.J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Chapter 3 describes the anatomy of medical uncertainty, identifying key attributes that give it a three-dimensional conceptual shape, form, and structure. It characterizes uncertainty in terms of its (1) fundamental sources (root causes), (2) issues (substantive problems), and (3) loci (persons in whose minds uncertainty resides) and presents a conceptual framework that allows the variety of uncertainties in medicine to be classified and better understood. The chapter makes the case that in all of these ways, a three-dimensional conceptual framework can facilitate a more intentional, targeted, and rational approach to evaluating medical uncertainty. By providing a way of visualizing, ordering, and objectifying an otherwise invisible, disordered, subjective reality, the framework can ultimately enable clinicians and patients to better manage medical uncertainty.
The Natural History of Uncertainty
Authors: Han Paul K.J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Chapter 4 describes the natural history of medical uncertainty—that is, the way that the phenomenon is manifest in people’s lives. It classifies people’s psychological responses to uncertainty within two main categories: primary (initial cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses) and secondary (compensatory responses aimed at regulating primary responses). It presents a conceptual framework that classifies the variety of primary and secondary responses to uncertainty and discusses how the framework can help clinicians and patients evaluate and manage these responses. The ultimate goal of this framework is practical: to improve the management of uncertainty in medicine. The framework can promote this goal by enabling clinicians and patients to rise above their own regulatory responses to uncertainty and achieve greater tertiary control over them.
Forms of Emotional Knowing and Unknowing: Skepticism and Belief in Dickinson’s Poetry, Rick Anthony Furtak
Authors: Furtak Rick Anthony 
Published: July 2021

AbstractContinually at issue in Dickinson’s verse are the possibilities and limits of knowing the surrounding world, including the minds of others. Many of her poems give voice to wonder, frustration, and the feeling of illumination or insight, along with other emotional states involved in exploring the promise of knowledge and confronting skeptical questions. My chapter is focused especially on moments in Dickinson’s poetry when an encounter with the natural or human world is portrayed as moving the speaker toward either an intensification or a partial resolution of doubt—a dialectic through which she articulates the affective struggle to make sense of the world and to find herself at home in it. As I show, the philosophical thinking that unfolds in her lyrics is preoccupied with a characteristic human lament about our finite limitations and with a contrary, but intimately related, longing to be reconciled with our finitude.
Savoring God
Authors: Hernández Gloria Maité 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This book compares two mystical works central to the Christian Discalced Carmelite and the Hindu Bhakti traditions: the sixteenth-century Spanish Cántico espiritual (Spiritual Canticle), by John of the Cross, and the Sanskrit Rāsa Līlā, originated in the oral tradition. These texts are examined alongside theological commentaries: for the Cántico, the Comentarios written by John of the Cross on his own poem; for Rāsa Līlā, the foundational commentary by Srīdhara Swāmi along with commentaries by the sixteenth-century theologian Jīva Goswāmī, from the Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava school, and other Gauḍīya theologians. The phrase “savoring God” in the title conveys the Spanish gustar a Dios (to savor God) and the Sanskrit madhura bhakti rasa (the sweet savor of divine love). While “savoring” does not mean exactly the same thing for these theologians, they use the term to define a theopoetics at work in their respective traditions. The book’s methodology transposes their notions of “savoring” to advance a comparative theopoetics grounded in the interaction of poetry and theology. The first chapter explains in detail how theopoetics is regarded considering each text and how they are compared. The comparison is then laid out across Chapters 2, 3, and 4, each of which examines one of the three central moments of the theopoetic experience of savoring that is represented in the Cántico and Rāsa Līlā: the absence and presence of God, the relationship between embodiment and savoring, and the fulfillment of the encounter between the divine and the lovers.
Introduction
Authors: Hernández Gloria Maité 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Introduction chapter starts by evoking the first encounter of the author with the compared texts. Keeping in mind that most readers might not be equally familiar with both texts and their traditions, the chapter continues by presenting the Cántico espiritual and Rāsa Līlā within their larger religious and cultural-historical contexts. Then, the Introduction outlines the main resonances between the texts and their traditions that will be explored in the subsequent chapters. Next, it delineates the book’s comparative methodology, and establishes its dialogue with the work of other comparative scholars. To close, the Introduction offers an overview of the main topics and subtopics of each of the four chapters that comprise Savoring God.
Savoring Theopoetics
Authors: Hernández Gloria Maité 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
While the notion of theopoetic is modern, the concept existed long before the term was coined by twentieth-century theologians. Chapter 1 introduces in detail John of the Cross’s notion of gustar a Dios (to savor God) and the Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava concept of madhura bhakti rasa—“the sweet savor of divine love”—as analogous models of theopoetic. Each of these sixteenth-century theologians deploys the term “savoring” within his own context, and does so toward two ends: to describe the all-encompassing relationship between the person and the divine illustrated in the poetry; and to prescribe a mode of interpreting the verses that leads readers into a similar experience. In both cases, the poems’ commentaries not only explain the theological meaning of the poems but also recreate their metaphorical language. This use of poetry to communicate theological meaning is identified as the practice of theopoetic. The first chapter closes with an elucidation of the book’s methodology.
The Psychology of Journalism
Authors: Coen Sharon , Bull Peter 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This book provides insights on psychological processes involved in the production, delivery, and consumption of news. At a time when the role and function of news journalism are under intense public scrutiny, this book takes a media psychological approach to explore the role of subjectivity in the construction and meaning-making of news. In particular, the book highlights a process involving the coordinated subjectivities of journalists and audience alike in constructing an account of how research in key areas of psychology (e.g., attention, knowledge, emotions, norms, values, social dynamics, culture, and verbal and nonverbal communication) can contribute to gaining a better understanding of journalism and current affairs.
The Transition to Adulthood for Individuals With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Curle Deirdre , Bouhali Asmae El , Zhu Ma , Marshall Sheila , Murray John , Parada Filomena , Stainton Tim , Wall Jessie , Wu Siwei , Young Richard A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The transition from school to work is a time of excitement and uncertainty for many emerging adults. However, young people with intellectual disability (ID) face unique challenges with this transition. They often need a great deal more support in the activities of daily living, learning, and work. The purpose of this chapter is to examine the transition to adulthood and work through the lens of the intentional, goal-directed processes engaged in by the emerging adult with ID and their families. This examination will involve contextual action theory as the conceptual framework and the relevant literature on emerging adults with ID that speaks to this important transition in its particular social context. Through this framework, a deeper understanding is gained of the meaning involved in the actions that emerging adults and their families take as they navigate the transition to adulthood and work.
News Production and Distribution in the United States: Private Industry and Government Contributions
Authors: Minow Martha 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Chapter 2 anticipates objections to government involvement in news media by tracing the long-standing historical involvement of the federal government in enabling and shaping the development of the modern news media. Although private sector companies and investments have played a central role in the development of media news, for most of American history governmental involvement has been integral to the structure, financing, and effectiveness of the news industry while advancing free expression of ideas. The historic governmental actions shaping the news industry contradict the libertarian conception of the First Amendment that has grown in influence during the past several decades, a conception putting into jeopardy government actions to address the failing news industry.
Canada
Authors: Leuprecht Christian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Canada contrasts distinctly with the prominence of intelligence oversight in the United States, insofar as Canada stands out for a predominately ex post facto approach to reviewing intelligence. Recent changes, however, bolstered the role of oversight in Canada’s accountability system. Previously, only three of 16 agencies that make up Canada’s intelligence and security community were reviewed by independent expert review bodies. Critics, however, argued that review should be more encompassing, lamented constraints by the Canadian intelligence accountability system that made it difficult for review bodies to cooperate and the negligible role of Parliament in holding ISAs accountable. Recent legislation created a security-cleared committee of parliamentarians to review Canada’s security and intelligence community, an agency to review activity related to national security and intelligence as well as an independent commissioner to oversee certain ministerial intelligence authorizations. The chapter reviews member organizations of the Canada’s intelligence community, the strategic environment that has informed intelligence and accountability in Canada; national security threats to Canada; as well as internal and external dynamics that culminated in changes to Canada’s intelligence accountability architecture: the Civilian Review and Complains Commission of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, the National Security and Intelligence Committee of Parliamentarians, the National Security and Intelligence Review Agency, and the Intelligence Commissioner. The prospect of the NSICOP, NSIRA, and the IC strengthening compliance and general operations of Canada’s intelligence and security community will be realized by how each fulfils its broad mandate in practice and the degree of cooperation among NSIRA, NSICOP, and CRCC.
Australia
Authors: Leuprecht Christian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Intelligence accountability in Australia balances compliance and bodies whose systematic focus is on efficacy and financial review with independent intelligence reviews, commissions, and inquiries that focus on efficacy. Australia differs insofar as it is not subject to a constitutionally or supranationally enshrined civil rights regime. A diversity of mechanisms, ranging from parliamentary committees and executive bodies to periodic independent reviews, fashion an oversight system that drives innovation. From the three Royal Hope Commissions to regular inquiries into the National Intelligence Community, Australia’s independent in-depth periodic reviews, inquiries, and commissions have a track-record of shaping and spurring change and innovation in the scope and structure of accountability across its broader intelligence and security community. The Australian tradition of independent expert intelligence reviews, commissions, and inquiries offsets the lack of accountability bodies dedicated to reviewing for efficacy and innovation. The chapter reviews the member organizations of the Australia’s National Intelligence Community, the strategic environment that has informed intelligence and accountability in Australia, national security threats as seen by Australia, as well as Australia’s systematic approach to reviewing and innovating its intelligence accountability architecture. It consists of the Inspector General of Intelligence and Security, the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Intelligence and Security, and the Independent National Security Law Monitor. Although similar to the United States Office of the Director of National Intelligence and the United Kingdom’s Joint Intelligence Organization, Australia’s Office of National Intelligence is quite unique insofar as neither the US and UK equivalents nor comparable offices in Canada and the New Zealand have an analogous accountability function. These mechanisms balance existing independent review mechanisms with mandates to review legislation and compliance, propriety, administration.
“We have to build a success story”
Authors: Mérand Frédéric 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
After the July 2015 Greek referendum and the departure of Varoufakis, Moscovici moved closer to Alexis Tsipras, the Greek prime minister, and Euclid Tsakalotos, the finance minister who replaced Varoufakis. Trying to find an “alternative within the program,” they all defended a more socially sensitive application of austerity measures. This led Moscovici and his staff to engage in fierce battles with the Eurogroup and especially the IMF, backed by Germany. On visits to Washington and Athens, I observed the commissioner trying to find allies and communicate messages. To some extent, his political work succeeded, but this left a bitter taste for several members of the cabinet.
Tax justice
Authors: Mérand Frédéric 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
After his initial success in tax policy, the Moscos became more ambitious. Pushed by the French government and in competition with the OECD, they promoted an overhaul of the entire European tax system that would have allowed member states to tax multinationals more effectively, including a digital tax on the so-called GAFAs and the Common Consolidated Corporate Tax Base (CCCTB), creating a level playing field for corporate taxation. The commissioner promoted his ideas in different forums, including the G20 and in Washington. But after two years, this political work lost momentum, as a handful of governments managed to veto efforts in the Council. Despite the support of the European Parliament, the Commission’s efforts stalled in the Council, where the opposition of tax-light countries such as Ireland prevailed.