bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenomapping in patients experiencing worsening renal function during hospitalization for acute heart failure
Authors: Yagi Ryuichiro , Takei Makoto , Kohsaka Shun , Shiraishi Yasuyuki , Ikemura Nobuhiro , Shoji Satoshi , Niimi Nozomi , Higuchi Satoshi , Goda Ayumi , Kohno Takashi , Nagatomo Yuji , Nishihata Yosuke , Sujino Yasumori , Saji Mike , Ikegami Yukinori , Nakano Shintaro , Takahashi Toshiyuki , Fukuda Keiichi , Yoshikawa Tsutomu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsThe impact of worsening renal function (WRF) on the prognosis of patients with acute heart failure (AHF) remains controversial. We aimed to identify phenotypically distinct subgroups among individuals with both AHF and WRF using cluster analysis.Methods and resultsOverall, the data of 483 patients with both AHF and WRF enrolled in the West Tokyo Heart Failure Registry were analysed. Using cluster analysis, we identified three phenotypically distinct subgroups (phenogroups 1, 2, and 3). We assessed the impact of WRF on the prognosis of each phenogroup by comparing the incidence of composite endpoints, including all‐cause death and re‐hospitalization due to heart failure, with those of a propensity score‐matched, non‐WRF control group. Participants in phenogroup 1 (N = 122) were the youngest (69.3 ± 13.7 years), had relatively preserved estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, 70.0 ± 27.7 mL/min/1.73 m2), and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (41.8 ± 13.7%). Conversely, participants in phenogroup 3 (N = 122) were the oldest (81.7 ± 8.5 years), had the worst eGFR (33.0 ± 20.9 mL/min/1.73 m2), and had preserved LVEF (51.7 ± 14.8%). The characteristics of the participants in phenogroup 2 (N = 239) were between those of phenogroups 1 and 3. The propensity score matching analysis showed that WRF was associated with a higher incidence of composite endpoints in phenogroup 1, whereas this association was not observed in phenogroups 2 and 3.ConclusionsUsing cluster analysis, we revealed three phenotypically distinct subgroups of patients with both AHF and WRF. WRF was associated with worse clinical outcomes in the subgroup of younger patients with reduced LVEF and preserved renal function.
Spectroelectrochemistry Using Optically Transparent Electrodes – Ted Kuwana and the Early Years
Authors: Heineman William R. , Winograd Nicholas , Jensen William B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTheodore “Ted” Kuwana and his research group played a central role in the invention and early development of spectroelectrochemistry at optically transparent electrodes (OTEs). The history of the “idea” and the first ten years of research are reviewed. Topics include OTEs and spectroelectrochemical cells for transmission and internal reflection experiments, rapid scan spectrometer development, and applications to kinetics of homogeneous chemical reactions associated with electrode processes and redox active biological compounds such as cytochromes. Relevant work of other contemporary research groups is also presented.
Structural and nutritional portrayal of rye‐supplemented bread using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Ikram Ali , Saeed Farhan , Arshad Muhammad Umair , Afzaal Muhammad , Anjum Faqir Muhammad 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the present study, four different variants, namely Gp‐1, Gp‐2, Gp‐3, and Gp‐4, were characterized for their nutritional and fatty acid profile. Later on, the nutritionally superior variant was used for bread preparation. Purposely, composite flour was prepared with different ratios of wheat and rye (100:0; 90:10; 80:20). Furthermore, structural characterization of bread was done using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that the Gp‐2 was more nutritional among the four variants. Furthermore, the spectra of composite flour bread were scanned in the range of 4000–600 cm–1. All the bread samples presented almost similar spectra for major peaks corresponding to wavenumbers in the functional group. The SEM micrographs showed the presence of small and large starch particles with compact structures. Conclusively, rye flour supplementation has a significant impact on the nutritional and structural attributes of the bread.
Immunomodulatory effects of selenium‐enriched peptides from soybean in cyclophosphamide‐induced immunosuppressed mice
Authors: Zhang Jian , Gao Siwei , Li He , Cao Mengdi , Li Wenhui , Liu Xinqi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, selenium‐enriched soybean peptides (<3 kDa, named Se‐SPep) was isolated and purified from the selenium‐enriched soybean protein (Se‐SPro) hydrolysate by ultrafiltration. The in‐vivo immunomodulatory effects of Se‐SPep were investigated in cyclophosphamide‐induced immunosuppressed mice. Se‐SPep treatment could alleviate the atrophy of immune organs and weight loss observed in immunosuppressive mice. Besides, Se‐SPep administration could dramatically improve total protein, albumin, white blood cell, immunoglobulin (Ig) M, IgG, and IgA levels in blood. Moreover, Se‐SPep strongly stimulated interleukin‐2 (IL‐2), interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), nitric oxide (NO), and cyclic guanosine monophosphate productions by up‐regulating mRNA expressions of IL‐2, IFN‐γ, and inducible NO synthase in spleen tissue. Furthermore, Se‐SPep exhibits more effective immunomodulatory activity compared to Se‐SPro and SPep. In conclusion, Se‐SPep could effectively enhance the immune capacity of immunosuppressive mice. These findings confirm Se‐SPep is an effective immunomodulator with potential application in functional foods or dietary supplements.
The conflict between Public Health and ‘Big Food’: A Counterinsurgency?
Authors: Dale Michael J. , Carroll Suzanne J. , Daniel Mark 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis commentary characterises as an insurgency those elements of the Food Industry seeking to retain and expand industry profit‐making opportunity with scant regard to the effect on public health and wellbeing. Premised on a conflict in which the battlespace encompasses the drivers of (un)healthful behaviour, our view encourages opponents of Food Industry methods to consider an approach based on analogy of successful Counter‐Insurgency strategies to a health promotion context.
Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor associated arteritis in a patient with castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Nitta Satoshi , Tanaka Takazo , Yanagihashi Ryota , Nonaka Haruna , Suzuki Shuhei , Kimura Tomokazu , Kandori Shuya , Hoshi Akio , Negoro Hiromitsu , Nishiyama Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionGranulocyte colony‐stimulating factor‐associated arteritis is a rare adverse event of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor, with an incidence of 0.47% among all patients who receive granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor. We herein present a case of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor‐associated arteritis.Case presentationA 72‐year‐old man with castration‐resistant prostate cancer and multiple bone metastases was treated with docetaxel and pegfilgrastim. He developed a high fever on day 12 without other symptoms. His white blood cell count and C‐reactive protein levels were high. Antibiotic therapy was ineffective, and contrast‐enhanced computed tomography showed thickened subclavian and brachiocephalic artery walls. He was diagnosed with granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor‐associated arteritis.ConclusionWhen patients receiving chemotherapy with granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor develop an unexplained fever, granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor associated arteritis should be considered.
Applying Systems Engineering framework for architecting a Smart Parking System within a Smart City
Authors: Joshi Nikhil , Mittal Mudit , Jayawant Yatin , Salunkhe Pradip , Hattarge Meena 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA Smart Parking System is an important feature in any Smart City, as it hopes to address a persistent challenge in urban mobility. Various technology‐based solutions have been developed. However, in such complex societal systems, it is important to consider various stakeholders and interfaces with other systems to choose an architecture that works efficiently for the given context. In this paper, we present the application of the Systems Engineering framework to develop a Smart Parking System architecture to meet the needs of a hypothetical Smart City. The framework shows the application of methods to analyse the context, prioritise needs, define and formally model alternate architectures, choose between the alternatives, and the use of a simulation model to validate requirements derived for the chosen architecture. Such systematic application of Systems Engineering methods can help planners and designers to negotiate complexities and avoid getting locked into sub‐optimal technological solutions.
Why Systems Engineers May Have an Edge When It Comes to Personal Resilience
Authors: Hahn Heidi Ann 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper posits that individual or personal resilience, that is, the ability of a person to adapt to and recover from adversity (Public Health Emergency [PHE], 2020), is key to overcoming personal challenges and that personal resilience is important to organizational and societal resilience as well. Among the examples of personal resilience listed by Spacey (2017) are unaffectedness, tolerance for ambiguity, change agency, and big picture thinking. Arguably, as is discussed in the International Council on Systems Engineering's (INCOSE)Systems Engineering Competency Framework(Presland, Ed., 2018), these are characteristics that should be possessed by systems engineers, hence the assertion that systems engineers may have an edge when it comes to personal resilience. This paper breaks down these characteristics further and relates them to the systems engineering (SE) competencies. It also provides a few suggestions on how to develop personal resilience, specifically by developing oneself in the INCOSE Professional Competencies.
The value of trade‐off studies for student projects
Authors: Kindem Håkon , Haskins Cecilia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUniversity student projects serve multiple purposes. They provide a realistic structure for students to apply their theoretical book‐learning to a practical problem and in the course of their work the results increase the knowledge base of the university and related disciplines. However, student projects struggle with a continuous loss of continuity as the students’ interests change or they graduate. This leads to increased project risk, development delays and loss of institutional knowledge. In an attempt to mitigate the loss of design rationale and accumulated competence, the Orbit NTNU project implemented a trade‐off study process tailored to the experience level of students. This paper presents an experience report of a case study with results that suggest that it is possible to implement a single method that provides support for inexperienced students, while experienced students are able to “pick and choose” from the method and further adapt it to their documentation style. Both individual students and students performing trade‐offs as part of a team produced improved documentation while also spending less time when compared to earlier attempts at documenting design rationale. Consequently, the project has built up a useful archive, and onboarding new students has resulted in faster assimilation into the project.
Towards a Software Defined Truck
Authors: Mukherjee Subhojeet , Daily Jeremy 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHeavy vehicles are part of the US Critical Infrastructure as they provide the means to deliver goods across the globe. To effectively manage the delivery of goods and improve the performance of the logistics operations, heavy vehicles have been increasingly equipped with wireless telematics systems that bridge the on‐board vehicle networks with Internet based systems. The interconnection of these systems creates a complex system comprising both traditional information technology (IT) systems and automotive operational technology (OT) systems. Using a systems approach to the design, testing, and implementation of complex logistic systems requires a testing and verification strategy to encompass many configurations of vehicles. Using existing vehicles for comprehensive testing is cost prohibitive and building representative testbeds for each configuration of the vehicle is labor intensive. However, testing numerous configurations of heavy vehicles remains a necessity for proper systems evaluation and verification. To this end, a software defined truck (SDT) system is proposed to rapidly test numerous vehicle configurations and achieve testing and verification tasks using automated techniques. This approach drastically expands the coverage of the testing and verification of technologies that leverage vehicle networks. The approach sets the requirements of the software defined truck, explains the advantages of using switched packet networking to virtually reconfigure the truck's network topology, and the appropriate use of simulation engines, emulated hardware, and actual hardware. The result is a scalable, sharable resource where organizations can conduct research, testing, and evaluation at significantly lower cost and wider coverage. This is particularly useful for performing cybersecurity testing, compliance testing, or evaluating other software driven solutions that use the vehicle's controller area network (CAN).
OMG RAAML standard for model‐based Fault Tree Analysis
Authors: Berres Axel , Post Kyle , Armonas Andrius , Hecht Myron , Juknevičius Tomas , Banham Dave 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFault tree analysis (FTA) is a top‐down method for identifying the discrete primary failure events that lead to system failures (top level events), and the means for determining the probability of the top‐level events if the probabilities of primary discrete failure events are known. Fault tree models document the logical combination of events that support fault tree analysis. This paper presents part of a forthcoming OMG standard “Risk Analysis Modeling Language” (RAAML) that defines a UML library and profile for fault tree modeling that can be used alongside the OMG Model‐Based Systems Engineering language, SysML. This enables fault trees to be co‐modeled with the system models with all the benefits of direct inter‐model linkage, versioning, and change‐impact analysis.
Theoretical analysis on reactions between syn‐methyl Criegee intermediate and amino alcohols
Authors: Takahashi Kaito 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDue to their strong zwitterionic character, Criegee intermediates can interact strongly with hydrogen bonding molecules in the atmosphere, such as water vapor, alcohols, acids, amines, and thiols. To gain a physical understanding of the reactivity of Criegee intermediates toward these molecules, we theoretically studied the reaction of syn‐CH3CHOO with linear n‐amino alcohol and branched amino alcohols that contain three carbon atoms. We found that the interaction contribution is the determining factor for the increase in reactivity when we elongate the alkyl chain length and when we place a methyl group in the amino group. This finding was rationalized by evaluating the electron‐donating ability of the amino alcohol. Consistent with the increase in reactivity for NH(CH3)C2H4OH and NH2C4H8OH compared to NH2C2H4OH, we found that these two amino alcohols have vertical ionization energies ~0.5 eV smaller than NH2C2H4OH.
Infrared–vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy of the CH stretching vibrations of jet‐cooled aromatic azine molecules and the anharmonic analysis
Authors: Feng Jun‐Ying , Huang Qian‐Rui , Nguyen Ha‐Quyen , Kuo Jer‐Lai , Ebata Takayuki 
Published: September 2021

AbstractVibrational spectra of the CH stretching vibration of diazine molecules, pyrimidine and pyrazine, were measured by infrared (IR)–vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectroscopy under the jet‐cooled gas‐phase condition. The observed IR spectra were analyzed by three anharmonic algorithms to account for the Fermi‐resonance (F‐R). The anharmonic analysis of the F‐R pattern was performed with second‐order vibrational perturbation theory (VPT2) with quartic potentials (QPs) at the DFT level of B2PLYP/6–311++G(d,p), followed by vibrational configuration interaction (VCI) method with the same QP. The VPT2 + QP method reasonably reproduced most of the bands in the observed spectra for all the species, especially for pyrimidine, a decent agreement is obtained with respect to the band positions and relative intensities. The analyses of the spectra show that all the observed spectra can be well interpreted by the F‐R between the CH stretching fundamentals and the first overtone and 1 + 1 combination bands involving the in‐plane CH bending vibrations and the contribution of the higher‐order anharmonic coupling to the observed spectra seems to lead to red‐shift of the F‐R patterns. Discrete variable representation based methods with potential energy surfaces at CCSD/aug‐cc‐pVDZ theory with 10 degrees of freedom were also carried out to assess the quality of QP at DFT level.
Associations of low hand grip strength with 1 year mortality of cancer cachexia: a multicentre observational study
Authors: Song Mengmeng , Zhang Qi , Tang Meng , Zhang Xi , Ruan Guotian , Zhang Xiaowei , Zhang Kangping , Ge Yizhong , Yang Ming , Li Qinqin , Li Xiangrui , Liu Xiaoyue , Li Wei , Cong Minghua , Wang Kunhua , Song Chunhua , Shi Hanping 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundsHand grip strength (HGS) is one of diagnose criteria factors of sarcopenia and is associated with the survival of patients with cancer. However, few studies have addressed the association of HGS and 1 year mortality of patients with cancer cachexia.MethodsThis cohort study included 8466 patients with malignant solid tumour from 40 clinical centres throughout China. Cachexia was diagnosed using the 2011 International cancer cachexia consensus. The hazard ratio (HR) of all cancer cachexia mortality was calculated using Cox proportional hazard regression models. Kaplan–Meier curves were generated to evaluate the association between HGS and the 1 year mortality of patients with cancer cachexia. The interaction analysis was used to explore the combined effect of low HGS and other factors on the overall survival of patients with cancer cachexia.ResultsAmong all participants, 1434 (16.9%) patients with cancer were diagnosed with cachexia according to the 2011 International cancer cachexia consensus with a mean (SD) age of 57.75 (12.97) years, among which there were 871 (60.7%) male patients. The HGS optimal cut‐off points of male and female patients were 19.87 and 14.3 kg, respectively. Patients with cancer cachexia had lower HGS than those patients without cachexia (P < 0.05). In the multivariable Cox analysis, low HGS was an independent risk factor of cachexia [HR: 1.491, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.257–1.769] after adjusting other factors. In addition, all of cancer cachexia patients with lower HGS had unfavourable 1 year survival (P < 0.001). In a subset analysis, low HGS was an independent prognosis factor of male patients with cancer cachexia (HR: 1.623, 95% CI: 1.308–2.014, P < 0.001), but not in female patients (HR: 1.947, 95% CI: 0.956–3.963, P = 0.0662), and low HGS was associated with poor 1 year survival of digestive system, respiratory system, and other cancer cachexia patients (all P < 0.05). Low HGS has combined effects with high neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio or low albumin on unfavourable overall survival of patients with cancer cachexia.ConclusionsLow HGS was associated with poor 1 year survival of patients with cancer cachexia.
Nicotine‐related misperceptions among faculty and students at a Midwestern dental school
Authors: McCracken Barbara A. , VanPutte Cinnamon L. , Hildebolt Charles F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurpose/objectivesTo determine the perceptions about the ill‐effects of nicotine in students and faculty at a Midwestern dental school. This information will help inform the school and improve teaching on this subject during a time when electronic nicotine delivery systems are increasingly popular.MethodsAn online survey of dental students and faculty of a Midwestern dental school was deployed in November, 2020 to determine their level of misperception about the ill effects of nicotine. An online Qualtrics survey was administered to approximately 212 predoctoral students at a dental institution and approximately 100 part‐ and full‐time faculty at the same school.ResultsThe response rate for faculty was 55.1% and that for students was 37.5%. The majority of faculty and students “agreed” or “strongly agreed” that nicotine causes cancer, birth defects, cardiovascular disease, oral inflammation, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.ConclusionsDental school faculty and students linked the risks of smoking tobacco to nicotine. Based on the results of this study, we feel our institution's curriculum should consider including information specific to nicotine in addition to tobacco in general.
Hepatic Iron Quantification Using a Free‐Breathing 3D Radial Gradient Echo Technique and Validation With a 2D Biopsy‐Calibrated R2* Relaxometry Method
Authors: Rohani Shawyon Chase , Morin Cara E. , Zhong Xiaodong , Kannengiesser Stephan , Shrestha Utsav , Goode Chris , Holtrop Joseph , Khan Ayaz , Loeffler Ralf B. , Hankins Jane S. , Hillenbrand Claudia M. , Tipirneni‐Sajja Aaryani 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundHepatic iron content (HIC) is an important parameter for the management of iron overload. Non‐invasive HIC assessment is often performed using biopsy‐calibrated two‐dimensional breath‐hold Cartesian gradient echo (2D BH GRE) R2*‐MRI. However, breath‐holding is not possible in most pediatric patients or those with respiratory problems, and three‐dimensional free‐breathing radial GRE (3D FB rGRE) has emerged as a viable alternative.PurposeTo evaluate the performance of a 3D FB rGRE and validate its R2* and fat fraction (FF) quantification with 3D breath‐hold Cartesian GRE (3D BH cGRE) and biopsy‐calibrated 2D BH GRE across a wide range of HICs.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsTwenty‐nine patients with hepatic iron overload (22 females, median age: 15 [5–25] years).Field Strength/SequenceThree‐dimensional radial and 2D and 3D Cartesian multi‐echo GRE at 1.5 T.AssessmentR2* and FF maps were computed for 3D GREs using a multi‐spectral fat model and 2D GRE R2* maps were calculated using a mono‐exponential model. Mean R2* and FF values were calculated via whole‐liver contouring and T2*‐thresholding by three operators.Statistical TestsInter‐ and intra‐observer reproducibility was assessed using Bland–Altman and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Linear regression and Bland–Altman analysis were performed to compare R2* and FF values among the three acquisitions. One‐way repeated‐measures ANOVA and Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests, respectively, were used to test for significant differences between R2* and FF values obtained with different acquisitions. Statistical significance was assumed at P < 0.05.ResultsThe mean biases and ICC for inter‐ and intra‐observer reproducibility were close to 0% and >0.99, respectively for both R2* and FF. The 3D FB rGRE R2* and FF values were not significantly different (P > 0.44) and highly correlated (R2 ≥ 0.98) with breath‐hold Cartesian GREs, with mean biases ≤ ±2.5% and slopes 0.90–1.12. In non‐breath‐holding patients, Cartesian GREs showed motion artifacts, whereas 3D FB rGRE exhibited only minimal streaking artifacts.Data ConclusionFree‐breathing 3D radial GRE is a viable alternative in non‐breath‐hold patients for accurate HIC estimation.Level of Evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 2