bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The plasticity of lifespan in social insects
Authors: Heinze Jürgen , Giehr Julia 
Published: March 2021

One of the central questions of ageing research is why lifespans of organisms differ so tremendously among related taxa and, even more surprising, among members of the same species. Social insects provide a particularly pronounced example for this. Here, we review previously published information on lifespan plasticity in social insects and provide new data on worker lifespan in the antCardiocondyla obscurior, which because of its relatively short lifespan is a convenient model to study ageing. We show that individual lifespan may vary within species with several reproductive and social traits, such as egg-laying rate, queen number, task, colony size and colony composition. For example, inCardiocondyla, highly fecund queens live longer than reproductively less active queens, and workers tend to live longer when transferred into a novel social environment or, as we show with new data, into small colonies. We hypothesize that this plasticity of lifespan serves to maximize the reproductive output of the colony as a whole and thus the inclusive fitness of all individuals. The underlying mechanisms that link the social environment or reproductive status with lifespan are currently unresolved. Several studies in honeybees and ants indicate an involvement of nutrient-sensing pathways, but the details appear to differ among species.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Ageing and sociality: why, when and how does sociality change ageing patterns?'
Hard-working helpers contribute to long breeder lifespans in cooperative birds
Authors: Downing Philip A. , Griffin Ashleigh S. , Cornwallis Charlie K. 
Published: March 2021

In many species that raise young in cooperative groups, breeders live an exceptionally long time despite high investment in offspring production. How is this possible given the expected trade-off between survival and reproduction? One possibility is that breeders extend their lifespans by outsourcing parental care to non-reproductive group members. Having help lightens breeder workloads and the energy that is saved can be allocated to survival instead. We tested this hypothesis using phylogenetic meta-analysis across 23 cooperatively breeding bird species. We found that breeders with helpers had higher rates of annual survival than those without helpers (8% on average). Increased breeder survival was correlated with reduced investment in feeding offspring, which in turn depended on the proportion of feeding provided by helpers. Helpers had similar effects on female and male breeder survival. Our results indicate that one of the secrets to a long life is reduced investment in parental care. This appears to be a unique feature of cooperative societies with hard-working helpers.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Ageing and sociality: why, when and how does sociality change ageing patterns?’
How social behaviour and life-history traits change with age and in the year prior to death in female yellow-bellied marmots
Authors: Kroeger Svenja B. , Blumstein Daniel T. , Martin Julien G. A. 
Published: March 2021

Studies in natural populations are essential to understand the evolutionary ecology of senescence and terminal allocation. While there are an increasing number of studies investigating late-life variation in different life-history traits of wild populations, little is known about these patterns in social behaviour. We used long-term individual based data on yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventer) to quantify how affiliative social behaviours and different life-history traits vary with age and in the last year of life, and how patterns compare between the two. We found that some social behaviours and all life-history traits varied with age, whereas terminal last year of life effects were only observed in life-history traits. Our results imply that affiliative social behaviours do not act as a mechanism to adjust allocation among traits when close to death, and highlight the importance of adopting an integrative approach, studying late-life variation and senescence across multiple different traits, to allow the identification of potential trade-offs.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Ageing and sociality: why, when and how does sociality change ageing patterns?’
The humanFLT1regulatory element directs vascular expression and modulates angiogenesis pathwaysin vitroandin vivo
Authors: Stolper Julian , Voges Holly K. , See Michael , Mehdiabadi Neda Rahmani , Chahal Gulrez , Drvodelic Mark , Eichenlaub Michael , Labonne Tanya , Schultz Benjamin G. , Hidalgo Alejandro , Centanin Lazaro , Wittbrodt Jochen , Porrello Enzo R. , Elliott David A. , Ramialison Mirana 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere is growing evidence that mutations in non-codingcis-regulatory elements (CREs) disrupt proper development. However, little is known about human CREs that are crucial for cardiovascular development. To address this, we bioinformatically identified cardiovascular CREs based on the occupancy of the CRE by the homeodomain protein NKX2-5 and cardiac chromatin histone modifications. This search defined a highly conserved CRE within theFLT1locus termedenFLT1. We show that the humanenFLT1is an enhancer capable of driving reporter transgene expressionin vivothroughout the developing cardiovascular system of medaka. Deletion of the humanenFLT1enhancer (ΔenFLT1) triggered molecular perturbations in extracellular matrix organisation and blood vessel morphogenesisin vitroin endothelial cells derived from human embryonic stem cells and vascular defectsin vivoin medaka. These findings highlight the crucial role of the humanFLT1enhancer and its function as a regulator and buffer of transcriptional regulation in cardiovascular development.
Auxin-triggered changes in the Arabidopsis root tip (phospho)proteome reveal novel root growth regulators
Authors: Nikonorova Natalia , Murphy Evan , Fonseca de Lima Cassio Flavio , Zhu Shanshuo , van de Cotte Brigitte , Vu Lam Dai , Balcerowicz Daria , Li Lanxin , Kong Xiangpei , De Rop Gieljan , Beeckman Tom , Friml Jiří , Vissenberg Kris , Morris Peter C. , Ding Zhaojun , De Smet Ive 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTAuxin plays a dual role in growth regulation and, depending on the tissue and concentration of the hormone, it can either promote or inhibit division and expansion processes in plants. Recent studies revealed that, beyond transcriptional reprogramming, alternative auxin-controlled mechanisms regulate root growth. Here, we explored the impact of different auxin concentrations on the root tip proteome and phosphoproteome, generating a unique resource. From the phosphoproteome data we pinpointed (novel) growth regulators, such as the RALF34-THE1 module. Our results together with previously published studies suggest that auxin, H+-ATPases, cell wall modifications and cell wall sensing receptor-like kinases are tightly embedded in a pathway regulating cell elongation. Furthermore, our study assigned a novel role to MKK2 as a regulator of primary root growth and a (potential) regulator of auxin biosynthesis and signalling, and suggests the importance of the MKK2 Thr31phosphorylation site for growth regulation in theArabidopsisroot tip.ONE SENTENCE SUMMARYAn auxin-triggered Arabidopsis root tip (phospho)proteome reveals novel root growth regulators
Ontoclick: a web browser extension to facilitate biomedical knowledge curation
Authors: Xu Anthony , Venkateswaran Aravind , Zhou Lianguizi , Zankl Andreas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractKnowledge curation from the biomedical literature is very valuable but can be a repetitive and laborious process. The paucity of user-friendly tools is one of the reasons for the lack of widespread adoption of good biomedical knowledge curation practices. Here we present Ontoclick, a web browser extension that streamlines the process of annotating a text span with a relevant ontology term. We hope this tool will make biocuration more accessible to a wider audience of biomedical researchers.Ontoclick is freely available under the GPL-3.0 license on the Chrome Web Store and on the Mozilla Add-Ons for Firefox Store. Source code and documentation are available at:https://github.com/azankl/OntoclickContact:andreas.zankl@sydney.edu.au
runBioSimulations: an extensible web application that simulates a wide range of computational modeling frameworks, algorithms, and formats
Authors: Shaikh Bilal , Marupilla Gnaneswara , Wilson Mike , Blinov Michael L. , Moraru Ion I. , Karr Jonathan R. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTComprehensive, predictive computational models have significant potential for science, bioengineering, and medicine. One promising way to achieve more predictive models is to combine submodels of multiple subsystems. To capture the multiple scales of biology, these submodels will likely require multiple modeling frameworks and simulation algorithms. Several community resources are already available for working with many of these frameworks and algorithms. However, the variety and sheer number of these resources make it challenging to find and use appropriate tools for each model, especially for novice modelers and experimentalists. To make these resources easier to use, we developed runBioSimulations (https://run.biosimulations.org), a single web application for executing a broad range of models. runBioSimulations leverages community resources, including BioSimulators, a new open registry of simulation tools. These resources currently enable runBioSimulations to execute nine frameworks and 44 algorithms, and they make runBioSimulations extensible to additional frameworks and algorithms. runBioSimulations also provides features for sharing simulations and interactively visualizing their results. We anticipate that runBioSimulations will foster reproducibility, stimulate collaboration, and ultimately facilitate the creation of more predictive models.
BORCS6 is involved in the enlargement of lung lamellar bodies inLrrk2knockout mice
Authors: Araki Miho , Takatori Sho , Ito Genta , Tomita Taisuke 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLeucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease. It has been shown thatLrrk2knockout (KO) rodents have enlarged lamellar bodies (LBs) in their alveolar epithelial type II cells, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we performed proteomic analyses on LBs isolated fromLrrk2KO mice and found that the LB proteome is substantially different inLrrk2KO mice compared with wild-type mice. InLrrk2KO LBs, several Rab proteins were increased, and subunit proteins of BLOC-1-related complex (BORC) were decreased. The amount of surfactant protein C was significantly decreased in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained fromLrrk2KO mice, suggesting that LB exocytosis is impaired inLrrk2KO mice. We also found that the enlargement of LBs is recapitulated in A549 cells upon KO ofLRRK2or by treating cells with LRRK2 inhibitors. Using this model, we show that KO ofBORCS6, a BORC subunit gene, but not other BORC genes, causes LB enlargement. Our findings implicate the LRRK2-BORCS6 pathway in the maintenance of LB morphology.
Exploration of interethnic variation and repurposed drug efficacy in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (COVID-19)
Authors: Almarzooq Ammar Ali 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTThe COVID-19 global pandemic has led to repurposing of drugs, with little underlying evidence for treatment safety and efficacy. This may increase complications for patients with acute viral respiratory infections. UGT1A1 and CYP2D6 enzymes are involved in the metabolism of atazanavir and fluvoxamine repurposed for COVID-19. This study aimed to elucidate the role of interethnic variation in these enzymes in the efficacy of repurposed drug therapies. A retrospective cohort of 101 Jordanian Arab samples were genotyped using Affymetrix DMET Plus Premier Package. Comprehensive global population genetic structure analyses were performed for CYP2D6 and UGT1A1 allele frequencies across multi-ethnic populations of over 131,000 global subjects from 417 published reports, revealing that Jordanian Arabs share the closest sequence homology to European and Near East populations. The East Asian populations have significantly over-representaiton of individuals with diplotype pairs for reduced atazanavir metabolism compared to the African populations and are more likely to show impaired UGT1A1 metabolism. East Asian populations are also 4.4x more likely to show impaired fluvoxamine metabolism than South Central Asian and Oceanian populations, and 8x more likely than other ancestry populations. The results here support previous findings that interethnic variation should be used for developing proper population-specific dosage guidelines.
The functioning of dynamic capabilities: explaining the role of organizational innovativeness and culture
Authors: Ghosh Somonnoy , Srivastava Bhupen K. 
Published: March 2021

PurposeUsing the knowledge-based view of the firm, dynamic capability literature and known dimensions of organizational innovativeness (OI), this article develops two testable models that attempt to explain: (1) how innovativeness functions as a source of capability dynamization and (2) how organizational culture (OC) critically determines this function of innovativeness.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a cross-sectional design and maximum variation sampling to identify organizations from the population of formal Indian business firms with the aim of controlling the effects of moderating variables such as their size, age, nature of business and ownership. Measurement instruments are borrowed from the literature. The cleaned dataset (n = 453 cases from 13 organizations) is randomly split into two-halves, which are used separately for extracting and confirming underlying factors. Rigorous procedure for assessing scale psychometric properties has been followed. The hypotheses are tested using structural equation modelling (SEM).FindingsExcept for a couple of paths that turned out insignificant, the data by and large support the study hypotheses. While market innovativeness failed to emerge as a factor, the capability dynamizing dimensions of innovativeness significantly predict its outcome dimensions of product and process innovativeness. Barring the effect of “trust”, they also fully mediate the effect of the rest of the culture factors on these outcome dimensions. Importantly, they are substantively determined by the culture factors, suggesting that the capability dynamizing dimensions are embedded in culture.Originality/valueThe primary contribution of this study is that besides accounting for how firm innovativeness can possibly explain the dynamism in dynamic capabilities, the results indicate a critical influence of culture in determining the potency of the dynamizing mechanisms. This has important implications for theory and practice.
Three decades of export competitiveness literature: systematic review, synthesis and future research agenda
Authors: Paul Justin , Dhiman Rahul 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThis review has two purposes: (1) to systematically analyse the literature on export competitiveness (EC) and (2) to provide an overview of various determinants and the methodological trends in the subject field, making it possible to develop a roadmap for future researchers.Design/methodology/approachThe systematic literature review (SLR) method was employed in this paper. The authors have covered three decades of research articles published in Scopus listed journals between 1991 and 2020. The determinants of EC are synthesized and widely used theories, and methodologies are identified and classified. The authors have also provided directions for future research.FindingsThe key determinants identified are labour and capital productivity, labour costs, exchange and real effective exchange rate (REER), domestic gross domestic product (GDP), trade liberalization and barriers. The findings reveal that EC is now a scientific measure, since the studies in this subject field have moved towards measuring EC and its determinants.Originality/valueThere has been no comprehensive review in this area exploring the theories, context, constructs and methodologies until now. Therefore, this review provides deep insights into the topic and also offers a unified picture of the subject field.
Green service attributes and amplifiers of the warm emotions evoked by them
Authors: Leisen Pollack Birgit 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to provide insights into mechanism by which environmentally friendly initiatives positively affect a service firm's revenue stream. First, it explores attributes consumers associate with green services. Second, it affirms the mediating role of warm emotions in connecting green services to satisfaction and customer loyalty. Third, it investigates a set of amplifiers of warm emotions. These are the green tendencies of the consumer and perceived motives for adopting environmentally friendly practices.Design/methodology/approachThis research involved two studies. A critical incident study was used to tap into the consumer's perspective on green services. A total of 262 attributes of green services were categorized into overarching themes. A quantitative study addressed the mediating relationships and amplifiers of warm emotions. Pooled across three services, a total of 846 observations were analyzed.FindingsThe findings reveal that a consumer views a service as environmentally friendly if it exhibits green attributes in either the core service, service delivery process, service environment or peripheral service activities. The results of Study II affirm that warm emotions mediate the relationship between perceptions of the environmental friendliness of a service and customer satisfaction as well as customer loyalty. The study findings suggest that positive emotions are further strengthened by the level of greenness of the consumer and by a firm's money saving motives as well as environmental preservation motives the consumer attributes to the adoption of green practices.Originality/valueThis study advances the authors' understanding of what attributes consumers associate with service greenness. This research expands on the service greenness and positive emotions connection by including an initial set of amplifiers of positive emotions to include the greenness of the consumer and motives for adopting green practices.
The impacts of the Covid‐19 pandemic on employment in Cameroon: A general equilibrium analysis
Authors: Madai Boukar Ali , Mbock Olivier , Kilolo Jean‐Marc Malambwe 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model that assesses the impacts of the Covid‐19 pandemic on different economic sectors in Cameroon. A special feature of the CGE model used in this study is that it accounts for the importance of the informal sector in Cameroon. Indeed, more than 80% of the employed work in the informal sector, which is characterized by the precariousness and instability of income and employment over time and space. Simulation results suggest that economic sectors such as construction, education, hotels and restaurants and commerce should receive special attention, as they have experienced the most severe employments losses. This calls for a differentiated support from the government to protect employment in these industries.
All about ideology? Reading Piketty´s with Latin American lenses
Authors: Sánchez‐Ancochea Diego 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis review essay evaluates Capital and Ideology in light of the Latin American experience. Given its history of exploitation and high levels of inequality, the region constitutes an essential case study. By considering the Latin America case, we can also benefit from the many insights coming from within the region and often overlooked by the Anglo‐Saxon (dominant) literature. The paper makes two different arguments. First, asymmetries in economic and political power are the main drivers of long‐term inequality. Following insights from structuralism, I show how the organization of the global economy has shaped domestic patterns of income distribution in many parts of the world. The dependent character of economic development together with the power of domestic elites explain Latin America's stubborn inequality; ideology has historically been more an instrument than an underlying driver. Second, we cannot understand the evolution of income distribution without considering the role of dictatorships. While Capital and Ideology explains convincingly why liberal democracies are not working, it never properly considers the risk and costs of (conservative) authoritarian regimes. In thinking about policy responses, the essay also highlights the importance of strengthening democracy, fighting dictatorships, and enhancing the influence of social movements.
Population‐level changes in outcomes and Medicare cost following the introduction of new cancer therapies
Authors: Youn Bora , Wilson Ira B. , Mor Vincent , Trikalinos Nikolaos A. , Dahabreh Issa J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the population‐level impacts of the introduction of novel cancer therapies with high cost in the United States, using immunotherapies in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as an example.Data SourcesSurveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data in 2012‐2015 linked to Medicare fee‐for‐service claims until 2016.Study DesignWe examined population‐level trends in treatment patterns, survival, and Medicare spending in patients diagnosed with advanced NSCLC, the leading cause of cancer death in the United States, between 2012 and 2015. We estimated the percentage of patients who received any antineoplastic therapy within two years of diagnosis, including novel immunotherapies. We compared the trends in overall survival and mean two‐year Medicare spending per each patient before and after the introduction of immunotherapies in 2015.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsNot Applicable.Principal FindingsThe percentage of patients treated with any antineoplastic therapy remained the same at 46.7% in 2012 and 2015, whereas the use of immunotherapies increased from 0% to 15.2%. The two‐year survival rate and median survival increased by 3.3 percentage points (95% CI: 2.0, 4.5) and 0.4 months (CI: 0.0, 0.9), respectively, during the same period. The mean two‐year total Medicare spending and outpatient spending per patient increased by $5735 (CI: 3479, 8040) and $7661 (CI: 5902, 9311), respectively, which were largely attributable to the increases in immunotherapy spending by $5806 (CI: 5165, 6459).ConclusionsThe introduction of lung cancer immunotherapies was accompanied by improvements in survival and increases in spending between 2012 and 2015 in the Medicare population. As novel immunotherapies and other target therapies continue to change the clinical management of various cancers, further efforts are needed to ensure their effective and efficient use, and to understand their population‐level impacts in the United States.