bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polygenic risks for joint developmental trajectories of internalizing and externalizing problems: findings from the ALSPAC cohort
Authors: Speyer Lydia Gabriela , Neaves Samuel , Hall Hildigunnur Anna , Hemani Gibran , Lombardo Michael Vincent , Murray Aja Louise , Auyeung Bonnie , Luciano Michelle 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundJoint developmental trajectories of internalizing and externalizing problems show considerable heterogeneity; however, this can be parsed into a small number of meaningful subgroups. Doing so offered insights into risk factors that lead to different patterns of internalizing/externalizing trajectories. However, despite both domains of problems showing strong heritability, no study has yet considered genetic risks as predictors of joint internalizing/externalizing problem trajectories.MethodsUsing parallel process latent class growth analysis, we estimated joint developmental trajectories of internalizing and externalizing difficulties assessed across ages 4 to 16 using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate a range of demographic, perinatal, maternal mental health, and child and maternal polygenic predictors of group membership. Participants included 11,049 children taking part in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Polygenic data were available for 7,127 children and 6,836 mothers.ResultsA 5‐class model was judged optimal: Unaffected, Moderate Externalizing Symptoms, High Externalizing Symptoms, Moderate Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms and High Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms. Male sex, lower maternal age, maternal mental health problems, maternal smoking during pregnancy, higher child polygenic risk scores for ADHD and lower polygenic scores for IQ distinguished affected classes from the unaffected class.ConclusionsWhile affected classes could be relatively well separated from the unaffected class, phenotypic and polygenic predictors were limited in their ability to distinguish between different affected classes. Results thus add to existing evidence that internalizing and externalizing problems have mostly shared risk factors.
Management of immune‐related adverse events in anti‐PD‐1‐treated patients with advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Gambichler T. , Scheel C.H. , Reuther J. , Susok L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have shown very promising results in the management of patients with inoperable or metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). However, ICI can cause a range of immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) affecting a multitude of organs including skin, gastrointestinal tract, endocrine system, heart, lung, kidneys and the nervous system. In principle, clinical management irAEs does not change significantly with respect to the kind of cancer treated with ICI. However, advanced cSCC typically occurs in a clinically challenging patient population typically presenting with advanced age and/or significant comorbidities such as immunosuppression due to haematological malignancies and their respective treatment. Moreover, many patients with advanced cSCC are organ transplant patients taking immunosuppressants. As a consequence use of ICI per se and management of ICI‐induced irAEs generates more complexity and difficulties in patients with cSCC compared to other entities. Here, we provide a brief review on the management of anti‐programmed cell death protein 1‐induced irAEs in patients with cSCC focusing on the characteristic clinical challenges present in this population.
Checkpoint immunotherapy of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in patients suffering from chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: divergent outcomes in two men treated with PD‐1 inhibitors
Authors: Jansen P. , Lodde G.C. , Wetter A. , Welt A. , Stuschke M. , Dührsen U. , Stoffels I. , Klode J. , Livingstone E. , Zimmer L. , Roesch A. , Hadaschik E. , Griewank K. G. , Schadendorf D. , Ugurel S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) numbers among the most common types of skin cancer and is known as one of the cancer entities with the highest mutational burden among all solid tumours. Due to the positive correlation between mutational burden and response rate to inhibitors of the programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1), those inhibitors are considered promising candidates for the systemic therapy of cSCC. Recently, the PD‐1 inhibitors pembrolizumab, nivolumab and cemiplimab demonstrated efficacy in the systemic treatment of locally advanced or metastatic cSCC leading to the approval of cemiplimab by the FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) in 2018 and the EMA (European Medicines Agency) in 2019. Patients with haematological malignancies tend to develop skin cancers of high aggressiveness, enhanced cumulative recurrence rate and higher rates of metastases with subsequent death. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is the most frequent type of leukaemia in the United States and Europe with the majority of patients older than 50 years of age. This neoplasm predominantly originates from B ‐cells leading to an impaired immune system of the patient. Although CLL is a B‐cell malignancy, studies have also described the involvement of T cells in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease with contradictory findings on the effects of PD‐1 inhibitors in CLL. Due to their underlying hematologic malignancy, these patients have commonly no access to PD‐1 inhibitor trials for treatment of advanced cSCC. We report on two patients with locally advanced or metastatic cSCC. Both patients had been suffering from a CLL for many years without indication for treatment. Despite a potential immunosuppressive state of the patients due to their CLL, both were treated with the PD‐1 inhibitor pembrolizumab resulting in different therapy outcomes.
A digital workflow for accurately and rapidly creating an immediate provisional restoration with natural emergence profile using extracted tooth
Authors: Zhu Jiakang , Xie Chenyang , Wang Yingkai , Yu Haiyang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo describe a digital workflow for creating a provisional restoration by using an extracted tooth rapidly, finally fixing the provisional restoration in the targeted position precisely and preserving the natural emergence profile from the time of provisional restoration to final restoration.Clinical considerationsThe use of extracted tooth as an immediate provisional restoration is an effective method for preserving the shape of the emergence profile. However, the existing methods for creating a provisional restoration by using natural tooth are time‐consuming and there is no reliable method to precisely attach tooth to temporary abutment. This case demonstrates a new method for using patient's natural tooth as an immediate provisional restoration under a sequence of guides, which significantly reduces the chair‐side time and inconvenience for clinicians and patients. Immediate provisional restoration contributes to preserving the soft tissue architecture after post‐extraction implant placement, especially when using the patient's tooth as a provisional restoration. Digital technology can help to improve the chair‐side clinical efficiency of dentist.Clinical significanceMaintaining the natural soft tissue architecture is a huge challenge in dental implantology. Use of the extracted tooth as a provisional restoration is likely to achieve an optimal outcome. And digital technology is helpful to the efficiency and accuracy of treatment.
Effectiveness and color stability of bleaching techniques on blood‐stained teeth: An in vitro study
Authors: Gaidarji Bruna , Perez Bibiana Gabardo , Ruiz‐López Javier , Pérez María M. , Durand Letícia Brandão 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveEvaluate the effectiveness and color stability of bleaching techniques on blood‐stained teeth.Material and MethodsThe teeth were stained by blood and allocated to groups: walking bleach, inside/outside, and in‐office bleaching. L*, a*, b*, C*, h° color coordinates were measured using a clinical spectrophotometer at baseline, weekly (T1‐T2‐T3), and at 1‐week (T4), 6‐months (T5), and 1‐year (T6) follow‐up evaluations. , , and were calculated between sequential evaluation timepoints and between baseline and each evaluation timepoint. Color coordinates and WID differences in each timepoint and technique were analyzed by Wilcoxon Signed Rank, Kruskal‐Wallis and Mann–Whitney U test, respectively. , , and were interpreted by color visual thresholds.ResultsThe techniques presented a significant increase in L* and WID and, a significant decrease in a* and b* until the completion of treatments. Statistical differences between the techniques for a*, b* and WID were observed from T1 until T3. All techniques demonstrated excellent effectiveness for , , and between baseline and each evaluation and follow‐up timepoints. However, at T6, it was possible to identify a rebound effect for all techniques.ConclusionsAll bleaching techniques presented excellent effectiveness. The stability of the whitening produced was maintained for 6 months.Clinical SignificanceEffective whitening of blood‐stained teeth was achieved using walking bleach (sodium perborate), inside/outside (hydrogen peroxide ‐ 7.5%) and in‐office techniques (hydrogen peroxide ‐ 35%). The bleaching techniques were effective after the completion of the treatments. A slight rebound was observed at 1 year follow‐up.
Body condition of returning Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. correlates with scale δ13C and δ15N content deposited at the last marine foraging location
Authors: Feeney Rory , Trueman Clive N. , Gargan Patrick G. , Roche William K. , Shephard Samuel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPatterns of feeding and growth of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. in the marine environment are critical to understanding how observed declines in recruitment may reflect warming or other oceanic drivers. The isotopic composition of scales can provide insight into differences in marine feeding location and possibly temperature regime. The authors used archived scale samples to measure δ13C and δ15N deposited in the scales of one sea‐winter (1SW) salmon during their last season of growth at sea before they returned to five Irish rivers. δ13C values were related statistically to observed salmon body condition (Fulton’s K), and fish with higher δ13C values tended to show significantly better condition. In contrast, δ15N values were negatively related to body condition. There was no important effect on condition of length at smolt migration, and the effect of duration of marine residence varied among rivers. It is likely that δ13C values partly reflected ambient ocean temperature and recent marine feeding environment before return migration, such that the observed relationship between higher δ13C values and increased body condition may express an advantage for adult fish feeding in warmer, potentially closer, waters. If greater body condition influences fitness, then a changing temperature regime in the Northeast Atlantic may drive shifts in salmon survival and reproduction. This study provides evidence that there is spatial and trophic variation at sea between salmon from rivers of origin that are located relatively close to each other, with potential consequences for body condition and, consequently, fitness and life history; this suggests that salmon populations from geographically proximate rivers within regions may exhibit differential responses to ocean‐scale climatic changes across the Northeast Atlantic.
A novel synaptopathy‐defective synaptic vesicle protein trafficking in the mutant CHMP2B mouse model of frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Clayton Emma L. , Bonnycastle Katherine , Isaacs Adrian M. , Cousin Michael A. , Schorge Stephanie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMutations in the ESCRT‐III subunit CHMP2B cause frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and lead to impaired endolysosomal trafficking and lysosomal storage pathology in neurons. We investigated the effect of mutant CHMP2B on synaptic pathology, as ESCRT function was recently implicated in the degradation of synaptic vesicle (SV) proteins. We report here that expression of C‐terminally truncated mutant CHMP2B results in a novel synaptopathy. This unique synaptic pathology is characterised by selective retention of presynaptic SV trafficking proteins in aged mutant CHMP2B transgenic mice, despite significant loss of postsynaptic proteins. Furthermore, ultrastructural analysis of primary cortical cultures from transgenic CHMP2B mice revealed a significant increase in the number of presynaptic endosomes, while neurons expressing mutant CHMP2B display defective SV recycling and alterations to functional SV pools. Therefore, we reveal how mutations in CHMP2B affect specific presynaptic proteins and SV recycling, identifying CHMP2B FTD as a novel synaptopathy. This novel synaptopathic mechanism of impaired SV physiology may be a key early event in multiple forms of FTD, since proteins that mediate the most common genetic forms of FTD all localise at the presynapse.
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Comparison of teledermatological examinations with conventional office visits in management of acne vulgaris: A review of current literature
Authors: Bodle Lukas , Hunger Robert E. , Seyed Jafari S. Morteza 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAcne vulgaris is the most common skin disease in the world, particularly affecting adolescents and young adults. Telemedicine has grown rapidly in the past few years and represents a new simplification in modern medicine. The aim of this literature review is to provide an overview of acne vulgaris in teledermatology and to identify the differences between teledermatological examinations and face‐to‐face consultations. For this purpose, a systematic literature search of the PubMed database was performed, up to the end of 2019. The content of 109 studies matching the keywords acne, acne vulgaris, teledermatology, telehealth, or telemedicine was screened, and 13 studies were systematically reviewed and compared. The analysis of the studies shows that patients living in remote areas benefit greatly from online visits since it is less time consuming and financially favorable, which is also associated with higher patient satisfaction. In addition, the satisfaction of doctors, the main safety concerns of patients, and a brief insight into telemedicine in other specialties are discussed. Taking the results of the different studies into account, the conclusion is that telemedicine is well accepted and often even desired by most patients and will likely become a very important part of modern medicine in the future.
Comparison of pressure injury risk assessment outcomes using a structured assessment tool versus clinical judgement: A systematic review
Authors: Lovegrove Josephine , Ven Saroeun , Miles Sandra J. , Fulbrook Paul 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhilst performing a pressure injury risk assessment is not in itself preventive, risk status identification is critical to inform the judicious implementation of prevention strategies. Risk assessment is mostly undertaken using a structured tool informed by clinical judgement, though there is a perception that use of clinical judgement alone may be sufficient.ObjectivesWithin acute hospital settings, to identify differences in outcomes (risk status, preventive interventions) following nursing assessment of pressure injury risk when using a structured assessment tool compared to clinical judgement.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesEBSCO CINAHL Complete, EBSCO MEDLINE Complete, Scopus, Web of Science, Ovid EMBASE.MethodsPrimary research relevant to the objectives was eligible for inclusion. Databases were searched in February 2021 (limits: date 2010–2020, English language, adults). Two reviewers undertook the review process, with a third as arbitrator. Appraisal was undertaken using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Included studies are synthesised narratively. Reporting is in accordance with the PRISMA Statement.ResultsFive moderate to high‐quality studies were included. Synthesis was limited by heterogeneity. Several risk assessment tools and methods of clinical judgement were used. Three studies reported pressure injury risk status using both assessment approaches, but in only one did nurses undertake both. Risk status, as identified by each method, varied and was sometimes contradictory. Three studies reported some elements of preventive intervention prescription and/or implementation following risk assessment, but comparison between approaches was limited.ConclusionsSome research suggests that risk status varies across different methods of pressure injury risk assessment, but it is unclear what impact this has on preventive intervention use. Risk status was not well linked to preventive interventions. Research is warranted to examine the influence that each approach to risk assessment alone and combined has on identified risk and preventive intervention prescription and implementation.RegistrationA protocol was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021224747).
Ultrasonographic study of fetal mandibular markers during the first trimester in a Chinese population
Authors: Li Hezhou , Zhu Zhengfeng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimTo establish reference ranges for fetal mandibular markers in low‐risk singleton pregnancies between 11 and 13 + 6 weeks of gestation in a Chinese population.MethodsThe inferior facial angle (IFA), transverse, and anteroposterior diameters of the mandible, and mandibular length were measured at 11–13 + 6 weeks of gestation. The utility of these sonographic markers for detecting micrognathia was explored in seven fetuses.ResultsIn healthy fetuses at 11–13 + 6 weeks, there were linear correlations between gestational age and the transverse (Y = −15.615 + 1.987X, r = 0.718, p < 0.001) and anteroposterior (Y = −8.557 + 1.101X, r = 0.581, p < 0.001) diameters of the mandible; mean ratio of the anteroposterior: transverse diameters of the mandible decreased with gestational age (Y = 0.603–0.003X, r = 0.018, p = 0.755); there was a positive correlation between crown rump length and mandibular length (mandible length = 0.861 + 0.137*crown rump length; r = 0.723, p < 0.001); and there was a positive correlation between crown rump length and IFA (r = 0.234, p < 0.05). Reference ranges were: mean ratio of anteroposterior diameter: transverse diameter of the mandible 0.56; mean mandibular length 9.05 mm; and median IFA 66.5°. The values for these mandibular markers in seven cases of fetal micrognathia were outside the normal range.ConclusionsEvaluations of fetal mandibular markers during first trimester ultrasound screening may contribute to the early detection and diagnosis of micrognathia. We recommend obtaining a subjective impression of the mandible on the mid‐sagittal view routinely used to measured nuchal translucency, followed by targeted objective measurements on the mid‐sagittal and axial views in suspected cases.
Looking ahead in anger: The effects of foreign migration on youth resentment in England
Authors: Denti Daria 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFigures are showing that ethno‐cultural issues are increasingly related to most school bullying incidents happening lately. While many theoretical arguments and empirical investigations scrutinize the effects of foreign migration on hostile behaviors enacted by the adult population, there is insufficient evidence on the effects of immigration on youth. This paper provides evidence by exploiting the shock from migration that occurred in the UK after the 2004 European Union Enlargement to estimate the magnitude and the directionality of the effect exerted by the resulting inflow of migrants on school bullying. Multilevel logit, generalized estimating equations, and control function with two‐stage residual inclusion are used on a novel data set containing spatially fine‐grained observations on school bullying across the UK. Findings highlight a relevant effect of the shock from migration in triggering bullying, which is robust to the accounting for potential endogeneity with respect to immigrants' location choice. The role of existing language barriers as a channel for the effect of the migration shock is also scrutinized, to find that they increase its effect.
Purple eggplant and zucchini color, mechanical properties, mastication, and sensory perception influenced by boiling and grilling
Authors: Ilic Jovan , Tomasevic Igor , Djekic Ilija 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe present study investigated the influence of boiling and grilling deployed at 15, 30, and 45 min on selected eggplant and zucchini qualities. The colorants present in these vegetables contribute to their attractive appearance while presenting health‐benefit components. This study shows that boiling and grilling differently affected the color properties of the eggplant and zucchini flesh and skin, leading to discoloration. However, the multifactorial mechanisms behind this phenomenon are not yet fully uncovered. Both boiling and grilling caused softening in examined vegetables within cooking prolongation, but different effects were observed. In the case of grilling, large‐ and small‐deformation mechanical parameters established higher values. Thus, grilling produced firmer samples, which was further projected on mastication and dynamic sensory perception. Although there was limited differentiation in mastication parameters, it was observable that grilled products were more mastication‐demanding. The number of chews and consumption time provided most of the information and established higher values for short‐time cooking treatments and grilling. As a consequence, samples that had longer in‐oral exposure times were perceived as bitter (eggplant) or sweet (zucchini). Oppositely, boiled vegetables were juicier. Regardless of the type of vegetable or cooking method, the shortest cooking treatments resulted in products dominantly perceived as firm.
Contribution of a ZIP‐family protein to manganese uptake and infective endocarditis virulence in Streptococcus sanguinis
Authors: Puccio Tanya , Kunka Karina S. , An Seon‐Sook , Kitten Todd 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStreptococcus sanguinis is an important cause of infective endocarditis. In strain SK36, the ABC‐family manganese transporter, SsaACB, is essential for virulence. We have now identified a ZIP‐family protein, TmpA, as a secondary manganese transporter. A tmpA mutant had no phenotype, but a ΔssaACB ΔtmpA mutant was more attenuated for serum growth and for virulence in a rabbit model than its ΔssaACB parent. The growth of both mutants was restored by supplemental manganese, but the ΔssaACB ΔtmpA mutant required twenty‐fold more and accumulated less. Although ZIP‐family proteins are known for zinc and iron transport, TmpA‐mediated transport of either metal was minimal. While ssaACB appears ubiquitous in St. sanguinis, tmpA was present in a majority of strains and a mntH gene encoding an NRAMP‐family transporter was identified in relatively few, including VMC66. As in SK36, deletion of ssaACB greatly diminished VMC66 endocarditis virulence and serum growth, and deletion of tmpA from this mutant diminished virulence further. Virulence was not significantly altered by deletion of mntH from either VMC66 or its ΔssaACB mutant. This and the accompanying paper together suggest that SsaACB is of primary importance for endocarditis virulence while secondary transporters TmpA and MntH contribute to growth under differing conditions.