bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different antecedents and neonatal condition in neonatal arterial ischemic stroke and hypoxic‐ischemic neonatal encephalopathy
Authors: Lambicchi Laura , Ornaghi Sara , Dal Molin Giulia , Paterlini Giuseppe , Bernasconi Davide P. , Moltrasio Francesca , Vergani Patrizia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo define similarities and differences between neonatal arterial ischemic stroke (NAIS) and hypoxic‐ischemic neonatal encephalopathy (HINE).MethodsA retrospective case‐control study was conducted of neonates born at 35 weeks or more and weighing 1800 g or more at a tertiary care university hospital, between 2005 and 2016, with NAIS (group A), perinatal asphyxia (PA) with Stage II–III HINE (group B), and PA with or without Stage I HINE (group C). Ante‐ and intrapartum data, neonatal characteristics, and placental histopathology were compared.ResultsEleven neonates were identified in group A, 10 in group B, and 227 in group C. Sentinel events occurred exclusively in groups B (80%) and C (41.4%). Umbilical cord blood gas values and Apgar score were worse in groups B and C compared to group A. No group A neonates required resuscitation at birth, whereas all group B and one‐third of group C neonates did. Seizures developed only in neonates in groups A and B. One neonatal death occurred in group A. There were no significant differences in placental histopathology.ConclusionNAIS and PA/HINE cases have different intrapartum and neonatal features. PA does not seem necessary for the occurrence of NAIS. More research is needed regarding associated placental abnormalities.
In vivo sensing of rabbit cornea by terahertz technology
Authors: Ke Lin , Zhang Nan , Wu Qing Yang Steve , Gorelik Sergey , Abdelaziem Ali , Liu Zheng , Teo Erica Pei Wen , Mehta Jodhbir S. , Liu Yu‐Chi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA Novel scalable approach using Terahertz (THz) waves together with the electromagnetic field simulation was applied to investigate four rabbits of eight rabbit corneas in vivo. One eye of each rabbits’ corneas was edema induced; the other eye of the corneas served as the control. The simulation revealed the propagation of THz waves at a certain distance along the sub‐surface of the cornea. THz spectra have been collected close to the corneal surface by deviating the direct reflection of the THz beam for the edema cornea, the reflected wave intensity for edema corneas is generally larger compared with the control cornea. Upon edema becomes severe at the end of the observation, the reflected wave intensities obtained by detector corresponding to the corneal deep stroma layer approach to the same value for all observed corneas. Good correlation is observed between central corneal thickness measurements and THz wave reflection signal intensities. Our results demonstrated that THz spectroscopy technique could obtain the information from different corneal sublayers.
Runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2) is required for bone matrix protein gene expression in committed osteoblasts in mice
Authors: Qin Xin , Jiang Qing , Komori Hisato , Sakane Chiharu , Fukuyama Ryo , Matsuo Yuki , Ito Kosei , Miyazaki Toshihiro , Komori Toshihisa 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2) is an essential transcription factor for osteoblast differentiation. However, its functions after the commitment into osteoblasts are controversial and remain to be clarified. We generated enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-Cre transgenic mice driven by the 2.3-kilobase (kb) Col1a1 promoter, and Runx2 was deleted in osteoblasts and odontoblasts in Runx2fl/flCre mice. The sutures and fontanelles were more widely opened in Runx2fl/flCre newborns than in Runx2fl/fl newborns. Runx2fl/flCre mice exhibited dwarfism with shorter incisors and 37% had irregularly aligned incisors. The volume of trabecular bone in femurs and vertebrae and their bone mineral density (BMD), in addition to the cortical thickness and BMD were reduced in Runx2fl/flCre mice compared with Runx2fl/fl mice in both sexes. The bone formation of both trabecular and cortical bone, osteoblast number, osteoclast surface, osteoblast proliferation, and the serum levels of procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAP5b), and C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX1) were reduced in Runx2fl/flCre mice. The expression of major bone matrix protein genes, including Col1a1, Col1a2, Spp1, Ibsp, and Bglap&Bglap2, and of Tnfsf11 was lower in Runx2fl/flCre mice than in Runx2fl/fl mice. The expression of Runx2 target genes, including Ihh, Fgfr1, Fgfr2, Fgfr3, Tcf7, Wnt10b, Pth1r, Sp7, and Dlx5, was also reduced. Osteoblasts in Runx2fl/fl mice were cuboidal and contained abundant type I collagen α1 (Col1a1), whereas those in Runx2fl/flCre mice were deflated and contained a small amount of Col1a1. Runx2 activated the reporter activity of the 2.3-kb Col1a1 promoter and bound the region around the Col1a1 transcription start site. The deletion of Runx2 by Cre-expressing adenovirus in Runx2fl/fl primary osteoblasts impaired osteoblast differentiation and the expression of genes encoding major bone matrix proteins, and osteoclastogenesis was inhibited due to the reduction of Tnfsf11 expression in the osteoblasts. This study demonstrated that Runx2 is required for the expression of the major bone matrix protein genes and Tnfsf11 after commitment into osteoblasts in mice. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Oxidant activated soluble adenylate cyclase of Leishmania donovani regulates the cAMP–PKA signaling axis for its intra‐macrophage survival during infection
Authors: Kumar Manjay , Das Sushmita , Sen Abhik , Abhishek Kumar , Shafi Md.Taj , Bamra Tanvir , Kumar Ajay , Kumar Vinod , Kumar Ashish , Mukharjee Rimi , Dikhit Manas R. , Pandey Krishna , Das Pradeep 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAdenosine 3',5'‐cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) is a stress sensor molecule that transduces the cellular signal when Leishmania donovani moves from insect vector to mammalian host. At this stage, the parasite membrane‐bound receptor adenylate cyclase predominantly produces cAMP to cope with the oxidative assault imposed by host macrophages. However, the role of soluble adenylate cyclase of L. donovani (LdHemAC) has not been investigated fully. In the present investigation, we monitored an alternative pool of cAMP, maintained by LdHemAC. The elevated cAMP effectively transmits signals by binding to Protein Kinase A (PKA) present in the cytosol and regulates antioxidant gene expression and phosphorylates several unknown PKA substrate proteins. Menadione‐catalyzed production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mimics host oxidative condition in vitro in parasites where cAMP production and PKA activity were found increased by ~1.54 ± 0.35, and ~1.78 ± 0.47‐fold, respectively while expression of LdHemAC gene elevated by ~2.18 ± 0.17‐fold. The LdHemAC sense these oxidants and became activated to cyclize ATP to enhance the cAMP basal level that regulates antioxidant gene expression to rescue parasites from oxidative stress. In knockdown parasites (LdHemAC‐KD), the downregulated antioxidant genes expression, namely, Sod (2.30 ± 0.46), Pxn (2.73 ± 0.15), Tdr (2.7 ± 0.12), and Gss (1.57 ± 0.15) results in decreased parasite viability while in overexpressed parasites (LdHemAC‐OE), the expression was upregulated by ~5.7 ± 0.35, ~2.57 ± 0.56, ~4.7 ± 0.36, and ~2.4 ± 0.83, respectively, which possibly overcomes ROS accumulation and enhances viability. Furthermore, LdHemAC‐OE higher PKA activity regulates phosphorylation of substrate proteins (~56 kDs in membrane fraction and ~25 kDs in the soluble fraction). It reduced significantly when treated with inhibitors like DDA, Rp‐cAMP, and H‐89 and increased by ~2.1 ± 0.28‐fold, respectively under oxidative conditions. The LdHemAC‐KD was found less infective to RAW 264.7 macrophages and more prone to oxidative damage as compared to LdHemAC‐OE and control parasites. Together, this study demonstrates mechanistic links among LdHemAC, cAMP, and PKA in parasite survival and invasion under host oxidative condition.
Peptide scaffold‐derived peptidomimetic farnesyltransferase inhibitors
Authors: Yang Wei , Wang Kuifeng , Wu Hongwei , Shao Hui , Chen Huazhong , Zhu Jiansheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHuman protein farnesyltransferase (FTase) is involved in many essential signal transduction proteins and has been explored as druggable targets of diverse diseases such as cancer and inflammation. Here, we propose a new strategy termed as Peptide Scaffold‐derived Peptidomimetic FTase Inhibitors (PSPFI) to discover peptidomimetic lead molecular entities that can inhibit FTase. The strategy first defines a PSPFI‐oriented peptidomimetic library that contains >30,000 sulfhydryl/thioether‐carrying peptidomimetics, and then employs molecular docking calculation, multiple similarity analysis, structural minimization, and affinity scoring to screen against the library, in order to discover those peptidomimetics that share high similarity with the core binding module (CBM) of FTase Rap2a peptide substrate in 2D‐chemistry, 3D‐conformation, pharmacophore, and nonbonded pattern, as well as exhibit high theoretical affinity to FTase. Totally 56 hit peptidomimetics were identified from the library, from which we manually select 6 structurally diverse, purchasable peptidomimetics to perform FTase assays. Consequently, four are determined as potent FTase inhibitors (IC50 < 1 μM); their inhibitory activity is moderately lower than the sophisticated FTase inhibitor Tipifarnib and considerably higher than the native CBM peptide. These peptidomimetic ligands share similar extended conformation, binding mode, and Zn2+ coordination with Rap2a CBM peptide in FTase active site, but would have a different inhibition mechanism to Tipifarnib.
Which factors explain information exchange and user referral among program implementers?
Authors: Ramos‐Vidal Ignacio , Palacio Jorge , Domínguez de la Ossa Elsy , Wehdking Ingrid 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Program for Psychosocial Care and Comprehensive Health for Victims serves, on a yearly basis, an average of 25,000 users in northern Colombia alone. The program is implemented by multidisciplinary teams comprised of psychologists, social workers, and community facilitators, who step in at the individual, family, and community levels. An attempt has been made to determine the effect generated by the timeframe through which professionals have been engaged with the program‐filling positions of centrality and betweenness within the networks of information exchange and user referral, including the potential mediating effect from the structure of the egocentric network of implementers in the two aforementioned networks and the moderating effect of the sense of belonging to a team of professionals. Both centrality and betweenness are positional measures describing the location actors occupied within the network structure. Centrality reflects the nominations made and receipt by an actor in a network and is considered an individual indicator of prominence and power. Betweenness shows the times that an actor act as a bridge among two actors in a network and it is considered an indicator of strategic positioning in social networks. An egocentric network is the local structure of relationships that each implementer maintains with his or her direct contacts. In this study, 112 active implementers were included, mostly women (n = 97, 88.2%), who had been working on the program for 16.9 months on average (SD = 14.7). Through conditional process analysis, it has been shown that the time that the implementers have been working on the program and the sense of belonging to the task team are relevant factors that interact with each other toward explaining the level of centrality and betweenness of professionals in the information exchange and user referral networks.
Effect of different beverages on surface properties and cariogenic biofilm formation of composite resin materials
Authors: Kurt Ayşegül , Özyurt Esra , Topcuoğlu Nursen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe consumption of certain beverages may affect the physical and biological properties of resin composites (RCs) according to type. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the surface properties and cariogenic biofilm formation in microhybrid and nanohybrid RCs after immersion in different beverages. The effects of four beverages (distilled water–control, tea, coffee, and cola) on two RCs (microhybrid and nanohybrid) were evaluated. Changes in the surface properties were evaluated for each group using surface roughness measurement (n = 10), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (n = 4) observation, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) (n = 5) analysis. In vitro Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation on the specimens of each group was determined using confocal laser scanning microscopy and SEM analysis (n = 14). The data were analyzed using two‐way analysis of variance, with Bonferroni as a post‐hoc test and Pearson's correlation (p < .05). Microhybrid RC presented more surface roughness (p = .014) and cariogenic biofilm formation (p = .040). The surface roughness (F = 0.733, p = .536) and cariogenic biofilm formation (F = 1.685, p = .181) values were not affected by the beverages. However, according to qualitative SEM and EDX measurements, these parameters varied depending on the beverage groups. No correlation was found between surface roughness and cariogenic biofilm formation (r = 0.135, p = .287). Microhybrid RCs had a rougher surface and a higher amount of cariogenic biofilm formation than nanohybrid RCs after being subjected to different beverages.
Head‐to‐head comparison between endoscopic ultrasound guided lumen apposing metal stent and plastic stents for the treatment of pancreatic fluid collections: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Guzmán‐Calderón Edson , Chacaltana Alfonso , Díaz Ramiro , Li Bruno , Martinez‐Moreno Belen , Aparicio José Ramón 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground/AimsPeripancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) result from acute or chronic pancreatic inflammation that suffers a rupture of its ducts. Currently, there exists three options for drainage or debridement of pancreatic pseudocysts and walled‐off necrosis (WON). The traditional procedure is drainage by placing double pigtail plastic stents (DPPS); lumen‐apposing metal stent (LAMS) has a biflanged design with a wide lumen that avoids occlusion with necrotic tissue, which is more common with DPPS and reduces the possibility of migration. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analyses head‐to‐head, including only studies that compare the two main techniques to drainage of PFCs: LAMS vs DPPS.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review in different databases, such as PubMed, OVID, Medline, and Cochrane Databases. This meta‐analysis considers studies published from 2014 to 2020, including only studies that compare the two main techniques to drainage of PFCs: LAMS vs DPPS.ResultsThirteen studies were included in the meta‐analyses. Only one of all studies was a randomized controlled trial. These studies comprise 1584 patients; 68.2% were male, and 31.8% were female. Six hundred sixty‐three patients (41.9%) were treated with LAMS, and 921 (58.1%) were treated with DPPS. Six studies included only WON in their analysis, two included only pancreatic pseudocysts, and five studies included both pancreatic pseudocysts and WON. The technical success was similar in patients treated with LAMS and DPPS (97.6% vs 97.5%, respectively, P = .986, RR = 1.00 [95% CI 0.93‐1.08]). The clinical success was similar in both groups (LAMS: 90.1% vs DPPS: 84.2%, P = .139, RR = 1.063 [95% CI 0.98‐1.15]). Patients treated with LAMS had a lower complication rate than the DPPS groups, with a significant statistical difference (LAMS: 16.0% vs DPPS: 20.2%, P = .009, RR = 0.746 [95% CI 0.60‐0.93]). Bleeding was the most common complication in the LAMS group (33 patients, [5.0%]), whereas infection was the most common complication in the DPPS group (56 patients, [6.1%]). The LAMS migration rate was lower than in the DPPS (0.9% vs 2.2%, respectively, P = .05). The mortality rate was similar in both groups, 0.6% in the LAMS group (four patients) and 0.4% in the DPPS group (four patients; P = .640).ConclusionThe PFCs drainage is an indication when persistent symptoms or PFCs‐related complications exist. EUS guided drainage with LAMS has similar technical and clinical success to DPPS drainage for the management of PFCs. The technical and clinical success rates are high in both groups. However, LAMS drainage has a lower adverse events rate than DPPS drainage. More randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the real advantage of LAMS drainage over DPPS drainage.
Isolation, characterization, and interaction of lignin‐degrading bacteria from rumen of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Wang Zhen , Wu Wenqing , Cui Luncheng , Li Xiang , Kulyar Muhammad Fakhar‐e‐Alam , Xiong Haiqian , Zhou Nian , Yin Huaihui , Li Jiakui , Li Xiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to isolate lignin‐degrading bacteria from buffalo rumen and to explore their interactions further. Using lignin as the carbon source, three bacteria, B‐04 (Ochrobactrum pseudintermedium), B‐11 (Klebsiella pneumoniae), and B‐45 (Bacillus sonorensis), which have shown lignin degradation potential, were successfully isolated and identified from the rumen fluid of buffalo by colony morphology, 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, and biochemical and physiological analyses. The degradation rates of lignin were determined, and the maximum values were 4.86%, 11.1%, and 7.68% for B‐04, B‐11, and B‐45, respectively. The maximum laccase activities were 0.65, 0.93, and 1.15 U/ml, while the maximum lignin peroxidase activities were 5.72, 8.29, and 18.69 U/ml, respectively. Pairwise interaction studies showed inhibitory interaction between B‐04 and B‐45, inhibitory interaction between B‐04 and B‐11, and symbiotic interaction between B‐11 and B‐45. This is the first report on the lignin degradation ability of bacteria isolated from the buffalo's rumen, which provides a new understanding for revealing the mechanism of roughage tolerance of buffalo.
Tourist perceptions of local food: A mapping of cultural values
Authors: Kim Seongseop (Sam) , Choe Ja Young (Jacey) , King Brian , Oh Munhyang (Moon) , Otoo Felix Elvis 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a model that conveys the diversity of tourist culinary perceptions—the hierarchical local food consumption value mapping. The researchers deploy hard laddering to analyze 1593 responses to a questionnaire survey and identified 11 salient attributes, nine consequences, and seven values. Eight cultural groupings were identified. The researchers compared the mappings for each of the eight groupings to determine whether the applicable mappings are distinguished on the basis of tourists' food culture backgrounds. Japanese and Thai respondents generated unique and comparatively simpler maps than other cohorts. The findings show that a hierarchy‐based approach can be used to assess tourist perceptions of attributes, consequences, and values as a value map. This study provides culture‐based insights into the consumption of local food by tourists.
Flexible design of W‐band bandpass filter with multiple transmission zeros
Authors: Huang Zhao‐Yu , Jiang Yun , Huang Jing‐Jian , Hu Wei‐Dong , Yuan Nai‐Chang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a novel E‐plane waveguide bandpass filter with multiple transmission zeros is proposed in W‐band. The center frequency and bandwidth of this filter can be flexibly designed. Stripe line resonators and L‐shaped resonators are used in the filter. The filter contains four resonators, two of which are used to generate transmission zeros in the upper stopband, and the other two are used to generate transmission zeros in the lower stopband. These transmission zeros can enhance the out‐of‐band suppression and selectivity of the filter. And the position of the transmission zeroes can be flexibly changed as required. One sample is fabricated and measured to verify the proposed filter. The minimum insertion loss in passband is 0.6 dB. Good agreements between the simulated and measured results are achieved.
Detecting lumbar lesions in 99mTc‐MDP SPECT by deep learning: Comparison with physicians
Authors: Petibon Yoann , Fahey Frederic , Cao Xinhua , Levin Zakhar , Sexton‐Stallone Briana , Falone Anthony , Zukotynski Katherine , Kwatra Neha , Lim Ruth , Bar‐Sever Zvi , Chemli Yanis , Treves S. Ted , Fakhri Georges El , Ouyang Jinsong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurpose99mTc‐MDP single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is an established tool for diagnosing lumbar stress, a common cause of low back pain (LBP) in pediatric patients. However, detection of small stress lesions is complicated by the low quality of SPECT, leading to significant interreader variability. The study objectives were to develop an approach based on a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) for detecting lumbar lesions in 99mTc‐MDP scans and to compare its performance to that of physicians in a localization receiver operating characteristic (LROC) study.MethodsSixty‐five lesion‐absent (LA) 99mTc‐MDP studies performed in pediatric patients for evaluating LBP were retrospectively identified. Projections for an artificial focal lesion were acquired separately by imaging a 99mTc capillary tube at multiple distances from the collimator. An approach was developed to automatically insert lesions into LA scans to obtain realistic lesion‐present (LP) 99mTc‐MDP images while ensuring knowledge of the ground truth. A deep CNN was trained using 2.5D views extracted in LP and LA 99mTc‐MDP image sets. During testing, the CNN was applied in a sliding‐window fashion to compute a 3D “heatmap” reporting the probability of a lesion being present at each lumbar location. The algorithm was evaluated using cross‐validation on a 99mTc‐MDP test dataset which was also studied by five physicians in a LROC study. LP images in the test set were obtained by incorporating lesions at sites selected by a physician based on clinical likelihood of injury in this population.ResultsThe deep learning (DL) system slightly outperformed human observers, achieving an area under the LROC curve (AUCLROC) of 0.830 (95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.758, 0.924]) compared with 0.785 (95% CI: [0.738, 0.830]) for physicians. The AUCLROC for the DL system was higher than that of two readers (difference in AUCLROC [ΔAUCLROC] = 0.049 and 0.053) who participated to the study and slightly lower than that of two other readers (ΔAUCLROC = −0.006 and −0.012). Another reader outperformed DL by a more substantial margin (ΔAUCLROC = −0.053).ConclusionThe DL system provides comparable or superior performance than physicians in localizing small 99mTc‐MDP positive lumbar lesions.