bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal Mental Disorders and Pediatric Infectious Diseases
Authors: Auger Nathalie , Monnier Maëva , Low Nancy , Lee Ga Eun , Bilodeau-Bertrand Marianne , Luu Thuy Mai 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Maternal stress and depression are associated with infections in offspring, but there is a paucity of data for other mental disorders.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 832,290 children born between 2006 and 2016 in hospitals of Quebec, Canada. We identified maternal mental disorders before and during pregnancy, and admissions for otitis media, pneumonia, infectious enteritis and other infections in children before 13 years of age. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between maternal mental disorders and the risk of pediatric infectious diseases, adjusted for maternal age, comorbidity, socioeconomic disadvantage, and other confounders.

Results:
The incidence of pediatric infection hospitalization was higher for maternal mental disorders compared with no disorder (66.1 vs. 41.1 cases per 1000 person-years). Maternal mental disorders were associated with 1.38 times the risk of otitis media (95% CI: 1.35–1.42), 1.89 times the risk of bronchitis (95% CI: 1.68–2.12), and 1.65 times the risk of infectious enteritis in offspring (95% CI: 1.57–1.74). Stress and anxiety disorders (HR 1.49, 95% CI: 1.46–1.53) and personality disorders (HR 1.55, 95% CI: 1.49–1.61) were more strongly associated with the risk of pediatric infection hospitalization than other maternal mental disorders. Associations were prominent in the first year of life and weakened with age.

Conclusions:
Maternal mental disorders are risk factors for infectious disease hospitalization in offspring. Women with mental disorders may benefit from psychosocial support to reduce the risk of serious infections in their children.
The association of polymorphism in PHACTR1 rs9349379 and rs12526453 with coronary artery atherosclerosis or coronary artery calcification. A systematic review
Authors: Koitsopoulos Pavlos G. , Rabkin Simon W. 
Published: March 2021

Objective
There is a need to identify genetic factors that may produce coronary artery atherosclerotic disease (CAD) that are not involved in the usual risk factors leading to CAD. Previous studies have often equated coronary artery calcification (CAC) with CAD with coronary stenosis or its sequelae. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between phosphatase and actin regulator 1 (PHACTR1) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the type of coronary artery disease CAD versus CAC.

Method
A systematic review of the literature was conducted to answer the question of whether PHACTR1 gene polymorphisms are associated with coronary artery disease expressed as coronary artery atherosclerosis or CAC.

Results
Eighteen studies spanning seven PHACTR1 SNPs were identified and evaluated for the relationship between PHACTR1 and coronary artery disease. There were significant relationships between rs9349379, rs12526453, and CAD with odds ratios (ORs) (confidence interval) of, respectively, 1.15 (1.13–1.17), 1.13 (1.09–1.17) but not for rs2026458, 1.03 (0.88–1.19). The OR for CAC was 1.22 (1.18–1.26) for rs9349379 and 1.28 (1.21–1.38) for rs12526453.

Conclusions
Several PHACTR1 specifically rs9349379 and rs12526453 polymorphisms but not rs2026458, are associated with CAD. There are differences in the association of PHACTR1 SNPs with CAC. PHACTR1 warrants more attention and study for the prevention and treatment of CAD.
18F-choline PET-computed tomography for the prediction of early treatment responses to transarterial radioembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Aujay Godefroy , Debordeaux Frédéric , Blanc Jean-Frederic , Lapuyade Bruno , Papadopoulos Panteleimon , Bordenave Laurence , Trillaud Hervé , Pinaquy Jean-Baptiste 
Published: March 2021

Background
Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) is widely used for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but early treatment response can be very difficult to assess. The aim was to evaluate 18F-fluorocholine PET/computed tomography (CT) to assess the treatment response in patients with intermediate or locally advanced HCC.

Methods
Between March 2019 and July 2020, nine HCC patients treated with TARE, who underwent PET/CT at baseline and 1 month after treatment, were enrolled. The maximum, mean (SUVmean), and peak (SUVpeak) standardized uptake value (SUV), SUV normalized by lean body mass (SUL), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were measured. Statistical analysis used the Mann–Whitney test to evaluate the differences in parameters between responders (partial and complete response) and nonresponders (stable or progressive disease) at the 6-month follow-up, according to the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors.

Results
Three patients were nonresponders (progressive disease and stable disease) and six were responders. Delta SUVmean, delta SUL, and delta TLG could predict an early response (P = 0.02, P = 0.04, and P = 0.02, respectively). None of the pre-therapeutic parameters were correlated with the response. Post-therapeutic SUL, SUVmean, TLG, and SUVpeak were also predictive of the response.

Conclusions
Our preliminary results showed that changes in certain metabolic parameters (from baseline PET to 1-month PET) are predictive of the response to TARE in HCC (Delta SUVmean, delta TLG, and delta SUL). The absence of post-treatment inflammation could lead to a better prediction than MRI evaluation. This study suggests that 1-month 18F-choline PET/CT could modify the clinical management predicting responders.
Video Abstract: http://links.lww.com/NMC/A193
HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis and Sexual Satisfaction Among Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Marcus Julia L. , Sewell Whitney C. , Powell Victoria E. , Ochoa Aileen , Mayer Kenneth H. , Krakower Douglas S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this large online survey of primarily men who have sex with men, those who used preexposure prophylaxis reported greater sexual satisfaction than did nonusers, including sexual sensations, sexual presence/awareness, and sexual exchange. Person-centered care and messaging may require acknowledging that some people use preexposure prophylaxis for reasons beyond HIV prevention.
Crohn Disease Prognostication With Semiautomatic Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Enterography–Derived Iodine Density
Authors: Dane Bari , Garada Ahmad , O'Donnell Thomas , Chang Shannon , Megibow Alec 
Published: March 2021

Objective
The objective of this study was to determine if dual-energy computed tomography enterography (DECTE)–obtained iodine density can predict medical management change or surgery in Crohn disease patients.

Methods
The most active-appearing bowel segment on DECTE in 21 Crohn disease patients was retrospectively interrogated with prototype software determining the percentage of bowel wall (I) in specified ranges. Patients were categorized into 3 groups after DECTE: (1) no management change, (2) outpatient medication change, and (3) inpatient admission or surgery. Crohn's disease activity index was calculated. Group 3's percentage iodine density of >3 mg/mL and Crohn's disease activity index were compared with group 1/2. Crohn's disease activity index and percentage iodine density of >2 mg/mL were compared for groups 2/3 versus group 1 patients.

Results
There were 5 group 1, 6 group 2, and 10 group 3 patients. Group 3 patients had higher frequency of iodine density >3 mg/mL (27%) compared with groups 1/2 patients (12.6%) (P < 0.05). Crohn's disease activity index was similar (P = 0.98). Groups 2/3 patients had 60.5% iodine density of >2 mg/mL, whereas group 1 patients had 31.7% iodine density of >2 mg/mL (P < 0.05). Crohn's disease activity index was similar (P = 0.12).

Conclusions
Iodine density from DECTE may predict medical or surgical Crohn disease management.
Accuracy of Diastolic Function by Cardiac Computed Tomography Relative to Echo-Doppler: Additive Clinical and Prognostic Value
Authors: van der Veen Hayley-Ann , Lessick Jonathan , Abadi Sobhi , Mutlak Diab 
Published: March 2021

Objectives
We aimed to assess the agreement between cardiac computed tomography (CT) and echo for diagnosing advanced diastolic dysfunction (DD) and to assess the prognostic value of CT-based parameters.

Methods
One hundred one consecutive patients who had both CT and echo-Doppler within 1 month were included. Diastolic function was assessed by CT using a previously validated method, based on left atrial volume changes, and compared with echocardiography grades 0 to 3. Patients were followed up for a combined outcome of cardiac death and hospitalization for heart failure.

Results
By operating characteristic curve analysis, the best CT-based parameter for predicting advanced DD based on echo was left atrial total emptying fraction. Left atrial total emptying fraction <36% had sensitivity/specificity of 76%/86%. Agreement between echo and CT for detecting advanced (grades 2/3) DD was substantial (κ = 0.62, P < 0.0001). By Cox multivariate analysis, left atrial total emptying fraction was a powerful independent predictor of outcome at 3 years (hazard ratio, 8.0 [2.2–28.4]; P < 0.0001).

Conclusions
Computed tomography–based assessment of DD has a good agreement with echo-Doppler–based results. Left atrial total emptying fraction seems to have a strong prognostic value.
Comparison of Anaerobic Exercise Capacity in Children With Familial Mediterranean Fever and Healthy Controls
Authors: Turkucar Serkan , Bayraktar Deniz , Manci Egemen , Adiguzel Dundar Hatice , Makay Balahan , Bediz Cem Seref , Savci Sema , Unsal Erbil 
Published: March 2021

Background/Objective
Anaerobic exercise capacity is an important component of performing daily activities during childhood. However, diminished anaerobic exercise capacity has been reported in children with chronic conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare anaerobic exercise capacities between children with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) and healthy peers.

Methods
Twenty-one children with FMF (FMF group) and 21 physically matched healthy controls (control group) were included. Peak power, peak power/kg, average power, and average power were evaluated using the Wingate Anaerobic Test.

Results
The peak power (FMF group: 254.8 W [IQR 25/75: 216.4/293.0 W] vs control group: 333.7 W [IQR 25/75: 241.3/570.5 W], p = 0.009), peak power/kg (FMF group: 6.3 W/kg [IQR 25/75: 5.2/7.0 W/kg] vs control group: 7.0 W/kg [IQR 25/75: 6.1/8.6 W/kg], p = 0.046), average power (FMF group: 186.0 W [IQR 25/75: 164.3/211.2 W] vs control group: 231.8 W [IQR 25/75: 181.8/338.1 W], p = 0.006), and average power/kg (FMF group: 4.5 W/kg [IQR 25/75: 3.8/5.0 W/kg] vs control group: 5.1 W/kg [IQR 25/75: 4.2/5.9 W/kg], p = 0.040) were found significantly higher in the control group compared with FMF group.

Conclusions
Children with FMF seems to have diminished anaerobic exercise capacity compared with their healthy peers.
Exercise Training Attenuates Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway and Increases the Genes Related to Autophagy on the Skeletal Muscle of Patients With Inflammatory Myopathies
Authors: Borges Isabela Bruna Pires , de Oliveira Diego Sales , Marie Suely Kazue Nagahashi , Lenario Antonio Marcondes , Oba-Shinjo Sueli Mieko , Shinjo Samuel Katsuyuki 
Published: March 2021

Background/Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of exercise training on the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and genes related to autophagy on the skeletal muscle of patients with dermatomyositis (DM) and immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies (IMNMs).

Methods
Seven DM patients and 6 IMNM patients were treated for 12 weeks with a twice-weekly aerobic and resistance training exercise program. Aerobic capacity, muscle strength, and expression of genes in the skeletal muscle related to UPS and to autophagy were evaluated at the baseline and after the intervention. Moreover, only at the baseline, 10 healthy control individuals were also evaluated.

Results
The age of DM and IMNM patients was 49.8 and 58.5 years, respectively. Genes related to UPS were upregulated, whereas genes related to autophagy and antioxidative systems were downregulated only in the DM group when compared with control group. After completion of the exercise training program, several genes related to UPS were downregulated, whereas genes related to autophagy, mitochondrial pathways, and antioxidative systems were upregulated in both the DM and IMNM groups.

Conclusions
Exercise training can increase genes related to autophagy, mitophagy, and lysosomal biogenesis in the skeletal muscle of patients. These results suggest an increase in the recycling of damaged proteins and organelles, which may also contribute to the performance and endurance of skeletal muscles in these patients. Furthermore, in patients with myositis, exercise training led to a decrease in genes related to UPS and an increase in genes related to antioxidative capacity. Therefore, this may also contribute to an attenuation of skeletal muscle loss and of the deleterious effects of oxidative stress on the skeletal muscle of these patients.
The Examination of a TPMT Gene Before Administration of Azathioprine in Rheumatology Practice and Identification of a Novel Variant p.W29R
Authors: Pavelcova Katerina , Hanova Petra , Ciferska Hana , Hasikova Lenka , Stiburkova Blanka 
Published: March 2021

Background
In individuals with reduced thiopurine S-methyltransferase activity, undesirable adverse effects can occur during treatment with azathioprine (AZA). This condition affects approximately 11% of the European population, and it is genetically determined by variants in the TPMT gene. Approximately 0.3% of those of European origin have dysfunctional TPMT variants, which puts them at risk of developing life-threatening bone marrow toxicity. Our goal was to estimate the prevalence of TPMT gene mutations in Czech patients with rheumatic diseases and to assess the adverse effects associated with AZA therapy in these patients.

Methods
Two-hundred patients were assessed for the presence of genetic allelic variants using PCR amplification and direct sequencing.

Results
In 19 patients, we detected genetic allelic variants affecting TPMT activity; in 1 case, it was an unpublished heterozygous variant c.85T>C (p.W29R); of those, 15 patients were switched from AZA to a different medication, and 1 patient was prescribed a reduced dose of AZA.

Conclusions
Our findings show the importance of testing for variants of the TPMT gene before the administration of AZA in clinical rheumatology practice. Patients with documented episodes of leukopenia or elevated liver biochemical tests while on AZA should undergo TPMT genotype testing and/or TPMT enzyme activity testing.
The Cancer Risk Profile of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients
Authors: Hardenbergh Dylan , Naik Rakhi , Manno Rebecca , Azar Antoine , Monroy Trujillo Jose Manuel , Adler Brittany , Haque Uzma , Timlin Homa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients have a well-established increased risk for cancer. Research from the past 2 decades has identified the specific malignancies that afflict SLE patients at disproportionate rates. Systemic lupus erythematosus patients are at heightened risk for several hematologic malignancies as well as for certain solid tumors, including lung, thyroid, and hepatobiliary cancers. They are at decreased risk for several cancers as well, including prostate and melanoma. Improved understanding of the unique cancer risk profile of SLE patients has led some professional societies to recommend specialized cancer screening and prevention measures for these patients and has enabled clinicians to better serve the SLE patient population.
Sacral Insufficiency Fracture on 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT
Authors: Filizoglu Nuh , Bugdayci Onur , Ozguven Salih 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT is an important tool for imaging neuroendocrine tumors, including skeletal metastases. However, false-positive results can occur in inflammatory pathologies such as sacral insufficiency fracture. We report the case of a 47-year-old man who was diagnosed with a neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas. 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT showed 68Ga-DOTATATE uptake at the right side of the sacrum. Afterward, MRI made the diagnosis of sacral insufficiency fracture.
Detection of Adult Pancreatoblastoma by 18F-FDG and 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/MR
Authors: Zhou Jinxin , Xie Jing , Pan Yu , Zhang Yifan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A 36-year-old asymptomatic woman was incidentally found to have a huge mass in the pancreas by ultrasound during routine health screening. The mass was suspected of neuroendocrine tumor or solid pseudopapillary tumor by subsequent abdominal CT. 18F-FDG and 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/MR were acquired for presurgical assessment of the tumor invasion and malignant potential, which revealed intense FDG uptake and mild DOTATATE uptake. The tumor was completely resected, and postsurgical pathology demonstrated pancreatoblastoma with neuroendocrine manifestations. This case showed the metabolic and biological features of pancreatoblastoma on the 18F-FDG and 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/MR.
Unsuspected Bladder Diverticulum Resulted in False-Positive 68Ga-DOTATATE Uptake
Authors: Deng Ying , Deng Yan , He Limeng , Zhang Wei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA 67-year-old woman with medullary thyroid cancer was referred for a68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT scan for staging. The images showed abnormal activity in the left thyroid gland and the left cervical lymph nodes. Surprisingly, increased activity was also noted in the posterolateral aspect of the urinary bladder without corresponding anatomical abnormality. This activity disappeared after urination, suggesting false-positive uptake due to bladder diverticulum.
Paraganglioma From Vaginal Wall Revealed by 131I-MIBG Scan
Authors: Zheng Kun , Zhu Shikun , Chen Libo , Li Fang , Jing Hongli 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Vaginal paraganglioma is very rare. Most patients first presented irregular heavy menses and abnormal vaginal bleeding. The accurate diagnosis can only be made pathologically. Here we report a case of paraganglioma arising from vaginal wall in a 44-year-old woman who only presented catecholamine-related symptoms. The lesion had negative 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC (hydrazinonicotinyl-Tyr3-octreotide) activity but positive on 131I MIBG scan. Paraganglioma was highly suspected, which was confirmed by pathological and immunohistochemical findings after surgical resection of the lesion.
Feasibility of Deep Learning-Guided Attenuation and Scatter Correction of Whole-Body 68Ga-PSMA PET Studies in the Image Domain
Authors: Mostafapour Samaneh , Gholamiankhah Faeze , Dadgar Habibollah , Arabi Hossein , Zaidi Habib 
Published: March 2021

Objective
This study evaluates the feasibility of direct scatter and attenuation correction of whole-body 68Ga-PSMA PET images in the image domain using deep learning.

Methods
Whole-body 68Ga-PSMA PET images of 399 subjects were used to train a residual deep learning model, taking PET non–attenuation-corrected images (PET-nonAC) as input and CT-based attenuation-corrected PET images (PET-CTAC) as target (reference). Forty-six whole-body 68Ga-PSMA PET images were used as an independent validation dataset. For validation, synthetic deep learning–based attenuation-corrected PET images were assessed considering the corresponding PET-CTAC images as reference. The evaluation metrics included the mean absolute error (MAE) of the SUV, peak signal-to-noise ratio, and structural similarity index (SSIM) in the whole body, as well as in different regions of the body, namely, head and neck, chest, and abdomen and pelvis.

Results
The deep learning–guided direct attenuation and scatter correction produced images of comparable visual quality to PET-CTAC images. It achieved an MAE, relative error (RE%), SSIM, and peak signal-to-noise ratio of 0.91 ± 0.29 (SUV), −2.46% ± 10.10%, 0.973 ± 0.034, and 48.171 ± 2.964, respectively, within whole-body images of the independent external validation dataset. The largest RE% was observed in the head and neck region (−5.62% ± 11.73%), although this region exhibited the highest value of SSIM metric (0.982 ± 0.024). The MAE (SUV) and RE% within the different regions of the body were less than 2.0% and 6%, respectively, indicating acceptable performance of the deep learning model.

Conclusions
This work demonstrated the feasibility of direct attenuation and scatter correction of whole-body 68Ga-PSMA PET images in the image domain using deep learning with clinically tolerable errors. The technique has the potential of performing attenuation correction on stand-alone PET or PET/MRI systems.
COVID-19 Vaccine–Related Local FDG Uptake
Authors: Doss Mohan , Nakhoda Shazia K. , Li Yi , Yu Jian Q. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We present a case of increased FDG uptake in the lymph nodes after COVID-19 vaccine administration. Restaging PET/CT scan of a 70-year-old woman with a history of multiple relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma showed muscle activity in the left upper arm laterally, which is in the deep musculature of the left deltoid muscle. There was also increased activity in several normal-sized left axillary nodes as well. On further review of the patient’s history, she had received her second shot of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine approximately 2 days before the restaging PET/CT scan.
COVID-19 Vaccination Manifesting as Incidental Lymph Nodal Uptake on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Ahmed Najeeb , Muzaffar Samreen , Binns Corinne , Ilyas Muhammad Waqas , Usmani Sharjeel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Benign uptake on 18F-FDG PET can be seen with inflammatory conditions. We report a case of an 86-year-old woman with successfully treated nasal melanoma who underwent routine follow-up 18F-FDG PET, day 6 after the second dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine inoculated in the left deltoid muscle. 18F-FDG PET showed increase tracer uptake in the left deltoid muscle and in 2 normal-sized left subpectoral nodes. These findings were considered secondary to vaccination. With the current drive of global COVID-19 immunization, this case highlights the importance of documenting vaccination history at the time of scanning to avoid false-positive results.