bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shear failure of building floor beams due to December 7, 2016 Pidie Jaya earthquake
Authors: Muyasir A , Hasan M , Afifuddin M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The 6.5 Mw magnitude earthquake experienced in Pidie Jaya Regency on December 7, 2016 caused the failure of several structures including the District Attorney’s Building with almost all the beams on the first floor observed to have shear cracks. Besides that, some flexural cracks were also found, although only in a few places. This study aimed to determine the cause of the shear failure in the building and the amount of deformation observed in the structures due to the earthquake. Therefore, an assessment was conducted in the field to determine the quality of concrete and the adequacy of shear reinforcement installed. A time history analysis was also performed using the Pidie Jaya earthquake history recorded by the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG). The results showed the required shear strength of the floor beams due to earthquake load was lower than its shear capacity due to a low compressive strength of the concrete in the beam and installation of insufficient shear reinforcement. Furthermore, the flexural strength required in the beams in some places was also greater than the available flexural capacity. The lateral deformations due to the earthquake were also observed to be very large thereby causing the inter-story drift of the building structures to exceed the value allowed by earthquake-resistant building standards (SNI 1726:2012). This subsequently led to the failure of the building floor beams, however, since the strength of the column was greater than the required standard, no crack was observed in the columns.
Mapping of the depth of hard/dense layer at Banda Aceh-Indonesia and the surrounding areas
Authors: Yunita H , Al-Huda N , Saidi T , Sundary D , Gunawan H , Yulianur A , Setiawan B , Adrian F , Sartika D , Oucherif M S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The 26 December 2004 disaster caused enormous casualties and damages in affected regions. Indonesia suffered a loss of 42.7 trillion Rupiah. On the other hand, this disaster has raised awareness among some people to carry out construction following engineering principles, so that the newly constructed buildings have an adequate level of safety. A hard/dense soil layer has a close relationship with the safety level of a building. This paper proposes a map of the depth of hard/dense (stable) layer at one of the worst affected cities, i.e., Banda Aceh (Indonesia) of the boxing day 2004 disaster. A static cone penetration test (CPT) was employed to determine the depth of stable soil. The data from the 35 cone penetration tests were used to develop the zoning map of the depth of the stable soil in the study location. The dominant hard/dense soil depth in the study location is > 10 meters below the existing ground level. In certain places, such as the areas around Lambung, Neusu Aceh, Lambaro Skep, Jeulingke, Doi, Kopelma Darussalam, and Lamjame, the depth of stable soil is from 5 to 10 meters.
Architecture in between: connecting between traditional Acehnese house and the current condition of modern Acehnese community
Authors: Izziah  , Meutia E , Sahputra Z , Irwansyah M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The formation of traditional architecture cannot be separated from the local wisdom of the community which is very friendly to environment. In this regard, the notion of ‘locality’ (such as local material, technology and culture) and ‘climate’ are used as a guide to the construction of buildings. The traditional Aceh house, the so-called Acehnese house (rumoh Aceh), that referred to as a type of stilted house is earthquake resistant. The house was also designed to anticipate flood and ocean tide and could provide comfort to the dwellers and be friendly to the local environment. The existence of Acehnese houses, however, has been extinguished. Houses owners prefer to demolish or sell the houses and to reconstruct new buildings with different styles. This study, thus, aims to explore the development of traditional architectural concept that suit to present context. It assesses three representative traditional houses found in Lambenot village. In order to accomplish the study, primary data collection was carried out through field observation, documentation and interviews with several informants including house owners. In additions, literature review is needed to support primary data. In doing this study, the paper shows the form of conservation efforts carried out by the Lambenot village community in order to maintain their collective memory of life journey. The benefit of this study is to give alternative toward preservation effort on how Acehnese houses can be used as an adaptive housing model for contemporary needs both architectural and structural aspects.
The simultaneous of electroflotation and biocoagulation on the treatment of peat water using mung bean (Vigna radiata) as natural coagulant
Authors: Putra R S , Tyagustin N S , Putri C I 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The simultaneous of electroflotation and biocoagulation performance using mung bean flour (Vigna radiata) with 250 mesh as a natural coagulant on the treatment of peat water has been carried out. The electroflotation was carried out using graphite as anode and stainless steel as a cathode electrode with a DC constant voltage of 20 V for 30 mins operation. The mung bean in the doses of 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g/500 mL was used to treat the peat water. The effectiveness of the simultaneous of electrofotation and biocoagulation was in term of turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and pH. Initially, the peat water sample had the parameters as much as 224.3 NTU, 1076 mg/L, and 2.7 respectively for turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and pH. The results showed that the simultaneous of electroflotation and biocoagulation (EB) process had decreased those parameters as much as 84.5%, 70.2%, and changes the pH to be 6.8.
Enhancement of electroflotation using Musa acuminate peel as biocoagulant on the wastewater treatment of chemical laboratory
Authors: Putra R S , Firdaus F R F 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, the combined biocoagulation electroflotation process using Musa acuminate peel coagulant was evaluated using chemical laboratory wastewater as water sample. The effectiveness of the combined biocoagulation electroflotation process was seen based on the proportion of turbidity removal (%) and the proportion of TDS removal (%). The results showed that the proportion of turbidity reduction in chemical laboratory waste was 98,23% and the proportion of TDS disposal was 28,85% using an optimum coagulant dose of 0,5g/500 mL of chemical laboratory wastewater.
The effect of amino acids extracted from tofu wastewater on chitosan performance for methylene blue removal from water
Authors: Fathana H , Rahmi  , Lubis S , Adlim  
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, we have modified chitosan using amino acids to form a chitosan-amino acid film. Amino acids were extracted from the tofu wastewater of the tofu producer, Timbul Jaya in Banda Aceh. The amino acid loaded on chitosan was varied (1, 0.5, 0.25, and 0.1 mL). The best chitosan-amino acid films were obtained at 0.5 mL amino acid loading. Chitosan-amino acid films were characterized using XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis), DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry), and FT-IR (Fourier Transform Red Spectroscopy). XRD data showed that amino acid loading did not affect the crystallinity of chitosan. Based on TGA and DSC data, the addition of amino acids slightly decreased the thermal properties of chitosan. FTIR data confirmed the amount of amino acids loaded can increase the amine group in chitosan. Adding amino acids to chitosan film was able to increase the adsorption capacity of chitosan.
The impact of solvent concentration on the characteristic of silica from rice husk ash using sol gel method
Authors: Zuwanna I , Riza M , Aprilia S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Synthesis of silica particle was conducted using the sol gel method from Aceh Besar rice husk ash. Sol gel method is an environmental-friendly and easy process to extract silica particles (SiO2) that consists of two stages of hydrolysis and polycondensation. The aim of this research was to analyse the influence of variations in the solvent concentration (1 N, 1.5 N, 2 N, 2.5 N and 3 N) using the sol gel method on the characteristics of silica particle. The rice husk ash was refluxed using solvent (sodium hydroxide) and the acidification process was using hydrochloric acid (HCl). The result of this study indicated that the highest yield in treatment was using 3 N NaOH, which was 39.66 percent. Based on XRD result, the silica was in the crystalline phase and had a particle size of 13,59-41,56 nm and functional groups of silanol (Si-OH) and siloxane (Si-O-Si). Based on the result of SEM characterization, uneven and agglomerated particle shapes were obtained.
Selective esterification of glycerol diacetin and triacetin over rice husk biosilica catalyst with microwave heating
Authors: Tasuna N , Hidayatillah K H , Marwan  , Zuhra  
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Selectivity towards diacetin and triacetin was investigated in esterification of glycerol using rice husk biosilica catalyst. The reaction was carried out in a microwave-irradiated batch reactor using acetic acid to glycerol molar ratio of 1:3, catalyst amount of 3% and 5% of the glycerol volume, and reaction time of 20 and 30 minutes. The biosilica catalyst was prepared by treating rice husk with hydrochloric acid and followed by calcination at 600°C. SEM analysis of the resulted catalyst reveals significant change of rice husk morphology and its XRD analysis shows the characteristics of amorphous silica. Furthermore, FTIR analysis of the reaction sample reveals the presence of an ester group of triacetin at 1709.5 cm−1. Product distribution of the glycerol esterification identified by GC-MS shows the highest total selectivity for diacetin and triacetin of 79.3% at the reaction condition of 30 minutes and 3% catalyst loading. However, individual selectivity for triacetin as the final product of this consecutive esterification steps was low, less than 5%.
Preparation and characterization of chitosan-starch Janeng membranes cross-linking with citric acid
Authors: Saiful  , Mardiana L , Rahmah Z , Ajrina M , Imanda M R , Rahmi  , Khairi  , Ramli M , Marlina  
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Neat chitosan membranes have shortcomings in their application owing to weak mechanical properties, thus, requiring modification. In this study, a chitosan membrane was modified utilizing starch and cross-linking agent (citric acid) addition. The characterization of chitosan-starch membranes using Universal Testing Machine, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) had proven the cross-linking formation. The cross-linked membrane had better tensile strength (11.07 kgf/mm2) than the uncross-linked membrane (66.07kgf/mm2). The DSC thermogram of uncross-linked and cross-linked membranes showed endothermic and exothermic peaks at different temperatures. In addition to the membranes’ thermal characteristics, the DTA thermogram showed the decomposition process on the uncross-linked membrane uncross-linking occurred at a temperature range of 277.74-363.27 °C, while the decomposition of the cross-linked membrane was observed at a range of 287.83-356.38 °C. The FT-IR spectra confirmed a decrease in the intensity of the absorption peak associated with cross-linking formation within the membrane.
Thermal conductivity of rice straw polypropylene particleboard
Authors: Ismail I , Fitri N , Mursal  , Fadzullah S H S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The availability of rice straw in Indonesia, including in some other Asian countries, is very abundant. However, it has not been used optimally. One possibility of using rice straw is for heat insulation in buildings. This study aims to analyze the thermal conductivity of rice straw polypropylene composite/particleboard. In this study, particulate composites from rice straw have been produced by using recycled plastic polypropylene (homopolymer) as adhesive. The particle size of rice straw used in this study was 20 mesh. The composition of rice straw and polypropylene were varied (the ratio of rice straw particle to polypropylene is 30/70 wt. %, 40/60 wt. %, 50/50 wt. %, and 60/40 wt. %). The composite samples were produced by using a hot press with 3 tons of load. The thermal conductivity of rice straw composite samples has been measured. We found that our composite thermal conductivity is 0.223 (±0.015) W/m °C for rice straw 30 wt.% and polypropylene 70 wt. %. For rice straw composition 60 wt. %, its thermal conductivity reduces to 0.191 (±0.002) W/m °C. The composite thickness swelling is found to be 0.76 (±0.26) % for rice straw 30 wt.% (after 24 hours immersing in water). The percentage of thickness swelling is 1.80 (±0.10) % for rice straw 60 wt. %. The results of our study revealed that the thermal conductivity of rice straw composite decreased as the thickness swelling increased. This behavior is related to the porosity of the composite.
Spread of liquid waste in un-licited gold mining by geoelectrical method in Krueng Sabee sub-district Aceh
Authors: Aflah N , Syafrizal  , Mulkal  , Harisman H , Lubis M R , Muchlis  
Published: February 2021

AbstractIllegal gold mining has increased significantly in Keude village of Krueng Sabee Aceh Jaya subdistrict. This causes environmental damage in the form of waste mercury pollution in the area. Environmental pollution caused by waste needs to be addressed. However, it needs to determine the appropriate method to overcome it by knowing the depth and the spread of mercury waste. This study aims to visualize subsurface conditions in the area of Krueng Sabee to provide information and data on the spread of mercury wastes. By using the method of geoelectric resistivity Schlumberger array, the contamination can be seen below the surface by the resistivity value of the sites. Results from these measurements after inverted using Earth Imager software of Res2Dinv can get a picture and visualize the location of subsurface conditions of the study. The results show that the resistivity value of waste mercury-contaminated soil at the study site ranged from 2–5 Ωm, and waste mercury contamination occurs vertically to a depth of 3 meters.
Graphite oxide tribo-layer formation under boundary lubrication of diesel fuel
Authors: Fuadi Z , Kurniawan R , Kanda K , Adachi K 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Friction and wear of mechanical components (such as engines) is controlled by some kind of boundary films (also referred to as tribo-layer). In some cases, such boundary film is formed on the contact interface due to a tribo-chemical process in the presence of liquid media. In this paper, we demonstrate the formation of graphite oxide tribo-layer on the contact interface of steel in the presence of diesel fuel liquid media. A Raman spectrometer was used to analyse the tribo-layer structure. Although the intensity is low, it is shown that the tribo-layer has a structure of graphite oxide, demonstrated by the presence of D band peak at approximately 1350 cm−1 and G band peak at approximately 1550 cm−1 in the Raman spectra. Such graphite solid films on the sliding surfaces have ability to control friction and wear. This finding demonstrates the possibility of in-situ formation of solid protective film of a tribo-pair components using the working fluid where the use of lubricants is restricted as they contaminate the working fluid.
The effect of bypass diode installation on partially covered solar panel output power
Authors: Muliadi M , Sara I D , Suriadi S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Shadow or partial shading is a bad phenomenon that affects the performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems in producing energy. Shadows can be caused by moving clouds, building shadows, tree shadows, bird droppings or dust covering the surface of solar panels. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of installing bypass diode on the output power of a partially closed solar panel based on three configurations of the solar module arrangement namely, a configuration without using bypass diode, two solar modules with one bypass diode, and one solar module with one bypass diode. Furthermore, the three configurations were tested with a shadow pattern scenario is 12.5% to 100% of solar panel area using Matlab software. The result shows the I-V and P-V characteristics when experiencing shading 12.5% - 100%. The peak power value or maximum power value of the one solar module configuration with one bypass diode is greater than the two solar module configuration with one bypass diode and the configuration without using a bypass diode. Different from shadow conditions 100% the effect of installing bypass diode on the configuration of two solar modules with one bypass diode and the configuration of one solar module with one bypass diode the resulting power is the same as the configuration without using a bypass diode, which is 179.2 W.
Provincial economic level analysis in Indonesia based on the geothermal energy potential and growth regional domestic products using cluster analysis
Authors: Idroes G M , Syahnur S , Majid S A. , Sasmita N R , Idroes R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study aims to determine the provincial economic level in Indonesia based on geothermal energy potential and growing regional domestic product (GRDP). The data used in this research is secondary data. The type of data is a cross-section from 34 Provinces in Indonesia in 2018. Geothermal Energy Potential Data is obtained from the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM), and GRDP data for each province is obtained from the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency (BPS). This study divided data into 5 clusters using the k-means method. The results showed that there are 2 provinces in cluster 1, 1 province in cluster 2, 8 provinces in cluster 3, 22 provinces in cluster 4, and 1 province in cluster 5.
The optimization of hybrid power generator system (PV-Wind turbine) using Homer software
Authors: Suriadi S , Daru W I , R Halid S , Syukri M , Gapy M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
There is a higher electricity demand due to increasing population and economic development. Conventional power companies struggle to meet these needs both in generation and distribution. However, the common use of electric and other power generators, driven mostly by fossils fuels, shows certain limitations including decreasing efficiency and energy resources. Therefore, the application of renewable energy sources is greatly significant. The purpose of this research was to analyse the potentials of hybrid power generator system (PV-Wind turbine) and the optimization of electric energy requirement using hybrid optimization model for electric renewable (HOMER) software. The results confirmed this study as useful and a valid reference for government in building power generation systems through renewable energy utilization.
Optical polarization skyrmionic fields in free space
Authors: Gutiérrez-Cuevas Rodrigo , Pisanty Emilio 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We construct optical beams in free space with robust skyrmionic structures in their polarization fields, both in the electric spin vector for near-circular fields and in the polarization direction for near-linear fields, and for both Bloch (spiral) and Néel (hedgehog) textures. These structures are made possible by the spin–orbit coupling of tightly-focused nonparaxial optics as applied to higher-order Full-Poincaré beams, as well as by standing-wave configurations comprising forwards- and backwards-propagating waves. Our constructions show near-uniform circular and linear polarizations, providing a high degree of topological protection in the absence of nonlinear interactions.
Axial superlocalization with vortex beams
Authors: Koutný D , Hradil Z , Řeháček J , Sánchez-Soto L L 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Improving axial resolution is paramount importance for three-dimensional optical imaging systems. Here, we investigate the ultimate precision in axial localization using vortex beams. For Laguerre–Gauss (LG) beams, this limit can be achieved with just an intensity scan. The same is not true for superpositions of LG beams, in particular for those with intensity profiles that rotate on defocusing. Microscopy methods based on rotating vortex beams may thus benefit from replacing traditional intensity sensors with advanced mode-sorting techniques.
Sex Moderates Treatment Effects of Integrated Collaborative Care for Comorbid Obesity and Depression: The RAINBOW RCT
Authors: Lv Nan , Xiao Lan , Rosas Lisa G , Venditti Elizabeth M , Smyth Joshua M , Lewis Megan A , Snowden Mark B , Ronneberg Corina R , Williams Leanne M , Gerber Ben S , Ajilore Olusola A , Patel Aashutos S , Ma Jun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Sex influences health and related behaviors due to biological and psychosocial/socioeconomic factors. Assessing sex-specific responses to integrated treatment for comorbid obesity and depression could inform intervention targeting.

Purpose
To test (a) whether sex moderates the effects of integrated collaborative care on weight and depression outcomes through 24 months and (b) whether treatment response at 6 months predicts 12 and 24 month outcomes by sex.

Methods
Secondary data analyses on weight and depression severity (SCL-20) measured over 24 months among 409 adults with obesity and depression in the Research Aimed at Improving Both Mood and Weight trial.

Results
Men achieved significantly greater weight reductions in intervention versus usual care than women, whereas women achieved significantly greater percentage reductions in SCL-20 than men at both 12 and 24 months. In logistic models, at 80% specificity for correctly identifying participants not achieving clinically significant long-term outcomes, women who lost &lt;3.0% weight and men who lost &lt;4.1% weight at 6 months had ≥84% probability of not meeting 5% weight loss at 24 months. Similarly, at 80% specificity, women who reduced SCL-20 by &lt;39.5% and men who reduced by &lt;53.0% at 6 months had ≥82% probability of not meeting 50% decrease in SCL-20 at 24 months.

Conclusions
Sex modified the integrated treatment effects for obesity and depression. Sex-specific responses at 6 months predicted clinically significant weight loss and depression outcomes through 24 months. Based on early responses, interventions may need to be tailored to address sex-specific barriers and facilitators to achieving healthy weight and depression outcomes at later time points.

Clinical Trial Registration
NCT02246413 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02246413).
Data Protection Law in Investment Arbitration: Applicable or Not?
Authors: Huang Jie (Jeanne) , Xie Dan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Two recent cases, Tennant Energy v Canada and Elliott Associates v Korea, demonstrate an emerging yet unresolved applicable law issue in investment arbitration: whether a local personal data protection law should be applied in the absence of parties’ choice. This articlexplores this issue from three different dimensions: (i) the relevant law applicable to an arbitration (eg treaties and arbitration rules); (ii) the connecting factors between an arbitration and local data protection law; and (iii) the immunities or privileges, if any, under public international law. It proposes that the connecting factors between an arbitration and a local personal data protection law should be considered with the privileges and immunities under public international law. This proposed approach can provide predictability and certainty to the applicable law. Importantly, it can also protect the integrity and impartiality of an investment arbitration from the impacts of local laws.