bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salivary testing of COVID-19: evaluation of serological testing following positive salivary results
Authors: Caulley Lisa , Shaw Julie , Corsten Martin , Hua Nadia , Angel Jonathan B. , Poliquin Guillaume , Whelan Jonathan , Antonation Kym , Johnson-Obaseki Stephanie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Salivary detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been proposed as an alternative to nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab testing. Our group previously published a study demonstrating that both testing methods identified SARS-CoV-2 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection methodology. We therefore conducted a follow-up study using antibody testing to evaluate the accuracy of saliva versus swabs for COVID-19 detection and the durability of antibody response.

Methods
Venous blood samples were collected from consenting participants and the presence of serum antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated on a large, automated immunoassay platform by the Roche anti-SARS-CoV-2 qualitative assay (Roche Diagnostics, Laval Quebec). Individuals with a serum antibody cut-off index (COI) ≥ 1.0 were considered positive.

Results
In asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic patients with a previously positive standard swab and/or saliva SARS-CoV-2 PCR-test, 42 demonstrated antibodies with 13 patients positive by swab alone, and 8 patients positive by saliva alone.

Conclusions
Despite their status as ‘current standard’ for COVID-19 testing, these findings highlight limitations of PCR-based tests.
Laboratory analysis and ray visualization of diffractive optics with enhanced intermediate vision
Authors: Son Hyeck-Soo , Łabuz Grzegorz , Khoramnia Ramin , Yildirim Timur M. , Auffarth Gerd U. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
To assess the optical behavior of a new diffractive intraocular lens (IOL) and compare its performance to that of an established extended-depth-of-focus (EDOF) IOL.

Methods
This study assessed the Proming EDOF Multifocal AM2UX [Eyebright Medical Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., China] and the AT LARA 829MP [Carl Zeiss Meditec, Germany]. An experimental set-up with 0.01% fluorescein solution and monochromatic light (532 nm) was used to visualize the IOLs’ ray propagation. In addition, the optical quality of the IOLs was assessed by measuring the modulation transfer function (MTF) values at 50lp/mm and 3.0 and 4.5 mm apertures on the optical bench OptiSpheric® IOL PRO II [Trioptics GmbH, Germany].

Results
The ray propagation of the two IOLs showed two distinct foci. Light intensity assessment revealed that both IOLs allocate more energy to primary than secondary focus. At 3.0 mm pupil, the MTF values at 50lp/mm for the primary focus were 0.39 and 0.37, and for the secondary focus, 0.29 and 0.26 for the AT LARA and Proming IOLs, respectively. At 4.5 mm pupil, the single-frequency MTF for the primary focus was 0.51 and 0.24 and for the secondary focus 0.21 and 0.15 for the AT LARA and Proming IOLs, respectively.

Conclusions
When tested with an aberration-free model cornea under monochromatic conditions, the Proming behaved as a low-add bifocal lens; however, its properties did not differ much from the well-established AT LARA EDOF IOL. The AT LARA outperformed the Proming at low defocus (up to 2D), while the latter demonstrated better image quality in the 2-3D range.
Fidelity to an evidence-based model for crisis resolution teams: a cross-sectional multicentre study in Norway
Authors: Hasselberg N. , Holgersen K. H. , Uverud G. M. , Siqveland J. , Lloyd-Evans B. , Johnson S. , Ruud T. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Crisis resolution teams (CRTs) are specialized multidisciplinary teams intended to provide assessment and short-term outpatient or home treatment as an alternative to hospital admission for people experiencing a mental health crisis. In Norway, CRTs have been established within mental health services throughout the country, but their fidelity to an evidence-based model for CRTs has been unknown.

Methods
We assessed fidelity to the evidence-based CRT model for 28 CRTs, using the CORE Crisis Resolution Team Fidelity Scale Version 2, a tool developed and first applied in the UK to measure adherence to a model of optimal CRT practice. The assessments were completed by evaluation teams based on written information, interviews, and review of patient records during a one-day visit with each CRT.

Results
The fidelity scale was applicable for assessing fidelity of Norwegian CRTs to the CRT model. On a scale 1 to 5, the mean fidelity score was low (2.75) and with a moderate variation of fidelity across the teams. The CRTs had highest scores on the content and delivery of care subscale, and lowest on the location and timing of care subscale. Scores were high on items measuring comprehensive assessment, psychological interventions, visit length, service users’ choice of location, and of type of support. However, scores were low on opening hours, gatekeeping acute psychiatric beds, facilitating early hospital discharge, intensity of contact, providing medication, and providing practical support.

Conclusions
The CORE CRT Fidelity Scale was applicable and relevant to assessment of Norwegian CRTs and may be used to guide further development in clinical practice and research. Lower fidelity and differences in fidelity patterns compared to the UK teams may indicate that Norwegian teams are more focused on early interventions to a broader patient group and less on avoiding acute inpatient admissions for patients with severe mental illness.
Stable osteosynthesis of cage in cage technique for surgical treatment of proximal humeral fractures
Authors: Li Jiantao , Gao Yuan , Yin Caixia , Zhang Hao , Nie Shaobo , Guo Hui , Quan Chenliang , Chen Hua , Zhang Wei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe treatment of a displaced proximal humeral fracture is still a matter of controversy. The purpose of this study was to report outcomes at a long-term follow-up after fixation augmentation using peek (polyether-ether-ketone) cage and locking compression plate (LCP).MethodsA total of 27 patients (average age 53.8 years, range 19–86 years) were treated with peek cage and LCP. All of them had a minimum radiographic and clinical follow-up of 1 years. Outcomes were assessed using the Constant-Murley score (CMS), disability of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score. Complications were also recorded during follow-up.ResultsThe average follow-up was 28 months (range 12–48 months). The mean functional outcomes were as follows: CMS, 73.3 (range 61–86); DASH, 45.9 (range 27–68). A total of 4 patients had complications: osteonecrosis developed in one patient, loss of reduction was observed in 1 patient and stiffness was occurred in two patients.ConclusionThe use of peek cage and LCP has been a valuable option in the treatment of proximal humeral fractures. The complication rate was acceptable. Suitable void filler in the proximal humerus for reconstructing the medial column integrity attains mechanical stability in reducing the incidence of the complications.
Vincetoxicum arnottianum modulates motility features and metastatic marker expression in pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma by stabilizing the actin cytoskeleton
Authors: Adamus Anna , Ali Iftikhar , Vasileiadis Vasileios , Al-Hileh Luai , Lisec Jan , Frank Marcus , Seitz Guido , Engel Nadja 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Prevention of metastatic invasion is one of the main challenges in the treatment of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Still the therapeutic options are limited. Therefore, an anti-tumor screening was initiated focusing on the anti-metastatic and anti-invasion properties of selected medicinal plant extracts and phytoestrogens, already known to be effective in the prevention and treatment of different cancer entities.

Methods
Treatment effects were first evaluated by cell viability, migration, invasion, and colony forming assays on the alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cell line RH-30 in comparison with healthy primary cells.

Results
Initial anti-tumor screenings of all substances analyzed in this study, identified the plant extract of Vincetoxicum arnottianum (VSM) as the most promising candidate, harboring the highest anti-metastatic potential. Those significant anti-motility properties were proven by a reduced ability for migration (60%), invasion (99%) and colony formation (61%) under 48 h exposure to 25 μg/ml VSM. The restricted motility features were due to an induction of the stabilization of the cytoskeleton – actin fibers were 2.5-fold longer and were spanning the entire cell. Decreased proliferation (PCNA, AMT, GCSH) and altered metastasis (e. g. SGPL1, CXCR4, stathmin) marker expression on transcript and protein level confirmed the significant lowered tumorigenicity under VSM treatment. Finally, significant alterations in the cell metabolism were detected for 25 metabolites, with levels of uracil, N-acetyl serine and propanoyl phosphate harboring the greatest alterations. Compared to the conventional therapy with cisplatin, VSM treated cells demonstrated a similar metabolic shutdown of the primary cell metabolism. Primary control cells were not affected by the VSM treatment.

Conclusions
This study revealed the VSM root extract as a potential, new migrastatic drug candidate for the putative treatment of pediatric alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma with actin filament stabilizing properties and accompanied by a marginal effect on the vitality of primary cells.

Graphical abstract
“I’ll just deal with this on my own”: a qualitative exploration of experiences with self-managed abortion in the United States
Authors: Raifman Sarah , Ralph Lauren , Biggs M. Antonia , Grossman Daniel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundA growing body of evidence indicates that some people seek options to terminate a pregnancy without medical assistance, but experiences doing so have largely been documented only among people accessing a clinic-based abortion. We aim to describe self-managed abortion (SMA) experiences of people recruited outside of clinics, including their motivations for SMA, pregnancy confirmation and decision-making processes, method choices, and clinical outcomes.MethodsIn 2017, we conducted 14 in-depth interviews with self-identified females of reproductive age who recently reported in an online survey administered to Ipsos’KnowledgePanelthat, since 2000, they had attempted SMA while living in the United States. We asked participants about their reproductive histories, experiences seeking reproductive health care, and SMA experiences. We used an iterative process to develop codes and analyzed transcripts using thematic content analysis methods.ResultsMotivations and perceptions of effectiveness varied by whether participants had confirmed the pregnancy prior to SMA. Participants who confirmed their pregnancies chose SMA because it was convenient, accessible, and private. Those who did not test for pregnancy were motivated by a preference for autonomy and felt empowered by the ability to try something on their own before seeking facility-based care. Participants prioritized methods that were safe and available, though not always effective. Most used herbs or over-the-counter medications; none used self-sourced abortion medications, mifepristone and/or misoprostol. Five participants obtained facility-based abortions and one participant decided to continue the pregnancy after attempting SMA. The remaining eight reported being no longer pregnant after SMA. None of the participants sought care for SMA complications; one participant saw a provider to confirm abortion completion.ConclusionsThere are many types of SMA experiences. In addition to those who pursue SMA as a last resort (after facing barriers to facility-based care) or as a first resort (because they prefer homeopathic remedies), our findings show that some individuals view SMA as a potential interim step worth trying after suspecting pregnancy and before accessing facility-based care. These people in particular would benefit from a medication abortion product available over the counter, online, or in the form of a missed-period pill.
Excellent option for mass testing during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: painless self-collection and direct RT-qPCR
Authors: Kriegova Eva , Fillerova Regina , Raska Milan , Manakova Jirina , Dihel Martin , Janca Ondrej , Sauer Pavel , Klimkova Martina , Strakova Petra , Kvapil Petr 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe early identification of asymptomatic yet infectious cases is vital to curb the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and to control the disease in the post-pandemic era. In this paper, we propose a fast, inexpensive and high-throughput approach using painless nasal-swab self-collection followed by direct RT-qPCR for the sensitive PCR detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This approach was validated in a large prospective cohort study of 1038 subjects, analysed simultaneously using (1) nasopharyngeal swabs obtained with the assistance of healthcare personnel and analysed by classic two-step RT-qPCR on RNA isolates and (2) nasal swabs obtained by self-collection and analysed with direct RT-qPCR. Of these subjects, 28.6% tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 using nasopharyngeal swab sampling. Our direct RT-qPCR approach for self-collected nasal swabs performed well with results similar to those of the two-step RT-qPCR on RNA isolates, achieving 0.99 positive and 0.98 negative predictive values (cycle threshold [Ct] < 37). Our research also reports on grey-zone viraemia, including samples with near-cut-off Ct values (Ct ≥ 37). In all investigated subjects (n = 20) with grey-zone viraemia, the ultra-small viral load disappeared within hours or days with no symptoms. Overall, this study underscores the importance of painless nasal-swab self-collection and direct RT-qPCR for mass testing during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and in the post-pandemic era.
Resilience and related factors as predictors of relapse risk in patients with substance use disorder: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yamashita Ayako , Yoshioka Shin-ichi , Yajima Yuki 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Resilience, referring to the inherent ability to naturally recover in the face of adverse conditions, is an essential concept in discussions of substance use disorder (SUD) recovery. This study’s objective was to shed light on resilience and related factors that affect relapse risk in patients with SUDs.

Method
Fifty-two patients with SUDs were given a self-administrated questionnaire from February to April 2015 consisting of question items for sociodemographic characteristics, relapse risk (Stimulant Relapse Risk Scale), and resilience (Bidimensional Resilience Scale). Scale scores were tested for associations with subject attributes, after which resilience’s effects on relapse risk were analyzed using correlation and multiple regression (forced-entry) analyses.

Results
Stimulants were the most common substance related to SUD (n = 26, 21.7%; multiple answers). Bivariate correlation showed that higher acquired resilience was significantly associated with a lower relapse risk (r = − 0.314, P < 0.01). Reduced relapse risk was significantly associated with current employment (Std. β = − 0.446, P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate the necessity of recovery support to enhance acquired resistance in patients with SUDs to prevent relapses. Reinforcing employment support services and encouraging patients to continue treatment were suggested as potentially effective measures to enhance resilience in individuals with SUDs on their road to recovery.
Increasing lipid yield in Yarrowia lipolytica through phosphoketolase and phosphotransacetylase expression in a phosphofructokinase deletion strain
Authors: Kamineni Annapurna , Consiglio Andrew L. , MacEwen Kyle , Chen Shuyan , Chifamba Gamuchirai , Shaw A. Joe , Tsakraklides Vasiliki 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Lipids are important precursors in the biofuel and oleochemical industries. Yarrowia lipolytica is among the most extensively studied oleaginous microorganisms and has been a focus of metabolic engineering to improve lipid production. Yield improvement, through rewiring of the central carbon metabolism of Y. lipolytica from glucose to the lipid precursor acetyl-CoA, is a key strategy for achieving commercial success in this organism.

Results
Building on YB-392, a Y. lipolytica isolate known for stable non-hyphal growth and low citrate production with demonstrated potential for high lipid accumulation, we assembled a heterologous pathway that redirects carbon flux from glucose through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) to acetyl-CoA. We used phosphofructokinase (Pfk) deletion to block glycolysis and expressed two non-native enzymes, phosphoketolase (Xpk) and phosphotransacetylase (Pta), to convert PPP-produced xylulose-5-P to acetyl-CoA. Introduction of the pathway in a pfk deletion strain that is unable to grow and accumulate lipid from glucose in defined media ensured maximal redirection of carbon flux through Xpk/Pta. Expression of Xpk and Pta restored growth and lipid production from glucose. In 1-L bioreactors, the engineered strains recorded improved lipid yield and cell-specific productivity by up to 19 and 78%, respectively.

Conclusions
Yields and cell-specific productivities are important bioprocess parameters for large-scale lipid fermentations. Improving these parameters by engineering the Xpk/Pta pathway is an important step towards developing Y. lipolytica as an industrially preferred microbial biocatalyst for lipid production.
Complete remission of advanced low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma after aromatase inhibitor therapy: a case report
Authors: Altal Omar F. , Al Sharie Ahmed H. , Halalsheh Omar M. , Tashtush Nour , Shaban Sarat , Alfaqih Mahmoud , Aleshawi Abdelwahab 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma is a rare neoplastic growth in the uterine cavity, representing less than 1% of uterine tumors. Such tumors usually affect premenopausal and perimenopausal women, with a mean age of 46 years. Treatment generally starts with surgical resection of the tumor, followed by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or hormonal therapy.

Case presentation
In the current report, we again present a case of low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma in a 51-year-old Mediterranean woman presenting with abdominopelvic pain. Computed tomography scan revealed a primary uterine tumor measuring 17 × 9 × 9 cm metastasizing to the lungs, bladder, and ureteral orifice, along with lymphovascular involvement. The patient underwent total abdominal hysterectomy, omentectomy, and lymph node dissection. Estrogen deprivation was accomplished by bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Lifelong hormonal therapy consisting of letrozole 2.5 mg per day was prescribed, which demonstrated remarkable efficacy, resulting in a partial remission of lung metastasis within 8 months after surgery. Full remission was observed after 18 months of hormonal therapy, with no recurrence. Another scan was performed after 2.5 years, revealing complete remission with no recurrence.

Conclusion
We again report a case of complete remission of low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma after surgical removal of the tumor along with first-line hormonal therapy without the use of chemotherapy or radiotherapy, emphasizing the role of hormonal therapy in the treatment of such tumors.
Low-dose IL-34 has no effect on osteoclastogenesis but promotes osteogenesis of hBMSCs partly via activation of the PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling pathways
Authors: Xu Jianxiang , Fu Lifeng , Bai Jinwu , Zhong Huiming , Kuang Zhihui , Zhou Chengwei , Hu Bin , Ni Licheng , Ying Li , Chen Erman , Zhang Wei , Wu Jiaqi , Xue Deting , Li Weixu , Pan Zhijun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Inflammatory microenvironment is significant to the differentiation and function of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). It evidentially influences the osteoblastogenesis of MSCs. IL-34, a newly discovered cytokine, playing a key role in metabolism. However, the research on its functional role in the osteogenesis of MSCs was rarely reported. Here, we described the regulatory effects of low-dose IL-34 on both osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis.

Methods
We performed the osteogenic effects of hBMSCs by exogenous and overexpressed IL-34 in vitro, so were the osteoclastogenesis effects of mBMMs by extracellular IL-34. CCK-8 was used to assess the effect of IL-34 on the viability of hBMSCs and mBMMs. ALP, ARS, and TRAP staining was used to evaluate ALP activity, mineral deposition, and osteoclastogenesis, respectively. qRT-PCR and Western blotting analysis were performed to detect the expression of target genes and proteins. ELISA was used to evaluate the concentrations of IL-34. In vivo, a rat tibial osteotomy model and an OVX model were established. Radiographic analysis and histological evaluation were performed to confirm the therapeutic effects of IL-34 in fracture healing and osteoporosis. Statistical differences were evaluated by two-tailed Student’s t test, one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test, and two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparisons post hoc test in the comparison of 2 groups, more than 2 groups, and different time points of treated groups, respectively.

Results
Promoted osteoblastogenesis of hBMSCs was observed after treated by exogenous or overexpressed IL-34 in vitro, confirmed by increased mineral deposits and ALP activity. Furthermore, exogenous or overexpressed IL-34 enhanced the expression of p-AKT and p-ERK. The specific AKT and ERK signaling pathway inhibitors suppressed the enhancement of osteoblastogenesis induced by IL-34. In a rat tibial osteotomy model, imaging and histological analyses testified the local injection of exogenous IL-34 improved bone healing. However, the additional IL-34 has no influence on both osteoclastogenesis of mBMMs in vitro and osteoporosis of OVX model of rat in vivo.

Conclusions
Collectively, our study demonstrate that low-dose IL-34 regulates osteogenesis of hBMSCs partly via the PIK/AKT and ERK signaling pathway and enhances fracture healing, with neither promoting nor preventing osteoclastogenesis in vitro and osteoporosis in vivo.