bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Rotation on Heat Transfer in AR = 2:1 and AR = 4:1 Channels Connected by a Series of Crossover Jets
Authors: Madhavan Srivatsan , Singh Prashant , Ekkad Srinath 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Detailed heat transfer measurements using transient liquid crystal thermography were performed on a novel cooling design covering the mid-chord and trailing edge region of a typical gas turbine blade under stationary and rotating conditions. The test section comprised two channels with aspect ratio (AR) of 2:1 (mid-chord) and 4:1 (trailing edge), where the coolant was fed into the AR = 2:1 channel from the root. Rib turbulators with a pitch-to-rib height ratio (p/e) of 10 and rib height-to-channel hydraulic diameter ratio (e/Dh) of 0.075 were placed in the AR = 2:1 channel at an angle of 60 deg relative to the direction of flow. The coolant after entering this section was routed to the AR = 4:1 section through a set of crossover jets. The purpose of the crossover jets was to induce sideways impingement onto the pin fins that were placed in the 4:1 section to enhance heat transfer. The 4:1 section had a realistic trapezoidal shape that mimics the trailing edge of an actual gas turbine blade. The pin fins were arranged in a staggered array with a center-to-center spacing of 2.5 times the pin diameter in both spanwise and streamwise directions. The trailing edge section consisted of both radial and cutback exit holes for flow exit. Experiments were performed for the Reynolds number (Redh(AR=2:1)) of 20,000 at Rotation numbers (Rodh(AR=2:1)) of 0, 0.1, and 0.14. The channel-averaged heat transfer coefficient on trailing side was ∼28% (AR = 2:1) and ∼7.6% (AR = 4:1) higher than the leading side for Rotation number (Ro) of 0.1. It is shown that the combination of crossover jets and pin fins can be an effective method for cooling wedge-shaped trailing edge channels over axial cooling flow designs.
Blade Envelopes Part II: Multiple Objectives and Inverse Design
Authors: Wong Chun Yui , Seshadri Pranay , Scillitoe Ashley , Noel Ubald Bryn , Duncan Andrew B. , Parks Geoffrey 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBlade envelopes offer a set of data-driven tolerance guidelines for manufactured components based on aerodynamic analysis. In Part I of this two-part paper, a workflow for the formulation of blade envelopes is described and demonstrated. In Part II, this workflow is extended to accommodate multiple objectives. This allows engineers to prescribe manufacturing guidelines that take into account multiple performance criteria. The quality of a manufactured blade can be correlated with features derived from the distribution of primal flow quantities over the surface. We show that these distributions can be accounted for in the blade envelope using vector-valued models derived from discrete surface flow measurements. Our methods result in a set of variables that allows flexible and independent control over multiple flow characteristics and performance metrics, similar in spirit to inverse design methods. The augmentations to the blade envelope workflow presented in this paper are demonstrated on the LS89 turbine blade, focusing on the control of loss, mass flow, and the isentropic Mach number distribution. Finally, we demonstrate how blade envelopes can be used to visualize invariant designs by producing a 3D render of the envelope using 3D modeling software.
An Approach to the Assessment of Dimethyl Carbonate and Ethanol Effect as Gasoline Oxygenating Agents Under Engine Conditions Via a Computational Fluid Dynamics Model
Authors: Domínguez Sara , Valencia Ana M. , Bustamante Felipe 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
An ASTM-CFR engine was modeled through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) coupled with chemical kinetics to evaluate the effect of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and ethanol as gasoline components, the latter as reference oxygenating agent, on combustion characteristics and engine emissions. Validation against experimental in-cylinder pressure data indicated adequate reproduction of these fuels combustion, all blends showing higher and earlier pressure peaks than neat gasoline (ca. 0.2 MPa and 2 CAD). Simulated temperatures were close for all fuels, though slightly advanced for the oxygenated blends (ca. 2 CAD). Similar behavior of the oxygenates was predicted regarding HC, CO and soot emissions: ca. 90% reduction in HC, CO, and soot emissions were observed, but ethanol displayed up to 3.5% CO2 reduction and 17% NOx increase, while DMC showed up to 7% decrease in CO2 and 6% increase in NOx. Considering the advantage of using chemical kinetics for combustion calculations in the CFD model, i.e., quantification of any species present in the reaction mechanism, including those difficult to observe/measure experimentally, concentrations of non-regulated emissions (e.g., formaldehyde) were studied. In particular, a minor increase in formaldehyde emissions was found with both oxygenated fuels. Albeit a first approach to assessing oxygenating compounds effects on gasoline combustion and emissions under engine conditions through a CFD + detailed chemistry model, the results underline the potential of DMC as gasoline oxygenating agent, and are a starting point for studying non-measured/non-regulated species and parametric engine analysis in future models.
Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy: Sensitivity Analysis for Anisotropic Materials With Hexagonal Symmetry
Authors: Sevigney Christopher L. , Scott-Emuakpor Onome E. , Farzbod Farhad 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Resonance ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) is a nondestructive technique for evaluating elastic and an-elastic material properties. The frequencies of free vibrations for a carefully crafted sample are measured, and material properties can be extracted from this. In one popular application, the determination of monocrystal elasticity, the results are not always reliable. In some cases, the resonant frequencies are insensitive to changes in certain elastic constants or their linear combinations. Previous work has been done to characterize these sensitivity issues in materials with isotropic and cubic symmetry. This work examines the sensitivity of elastic constant measurements by the RUS method for materials with hexagonal symmetry, such as titanium-diboride. We investigate the reliability of RUS data and explore supplemental measurements, namely, surface acoustic wave (SAW) to obtain an accurate and complete set of elastic constants.
Optimized Algebraic Reconstruction Algorithm Based Hemodynamic Changes in Color Doppler Ultrasound in Monitoring the Patients with Colorectal Cancer Undergoing Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter and Catheterization Nursing
Authors: Yu Miao , Li Junhui , Li Yue , Yu Lejing 
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the hemodynamic changes and nursing care of patients with colorectal cancer who were peripherally placed into the central venous catheter (PICC) by color Doppler ultrasound based on an optimized algebraic reconstruction (ART) (OART) algorithm. In this study, 150 patients with colorectal cancer were selected and randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 75 cases in each group. Different nursing interventions were carried out. An optimized algebraic reconstruction (OART) algorithm was proposed, and the traditional ART algorithm and filtered back-projection (FBP) algorithm were introduced for comparison. They were applied in ultrasounds of 150 colorectal cancer patients undergoing PICC. The results showed that the Dice coefficient (Dice) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of the OART algorithm were greater than those of the ART and FBP algorithms, while the difference function (DF) and the running time were opposite (

P

< 0.05). The blood flow velocity (BFV) and blood flow (BF) of the arm vein 5 days after puncture were the least, which were less than those before puncture and 10 days and 30 days after puncture (

P

< 0.05). Thrombosis was most likely to be found 4–6 days after puncture (28 cases), followed by 10–15 days after puncture (22 cases), and one day after the puncture (19 cases). The BFV and BF of patients with thrombosis were lower than those of patients without thrombosis (

P

< 0.05). The total infection rate of PICC in the observation group was 10.7%, which was lower than that in the control group 32.0%,

P

< 0.05. Nursing satisfaction of patients in observation group and control group was 95.99% and 75.99%, respectively,

P

< 0.05, and the difference was statistically significant. In short, the ORAT algorithm proposed had better performance than the traditional algorithms in ultrasound image reconstruction; strengthening nursing intervention for chemotherapy patients with colorectal cancer undergoing PICC could effectively reduce the infection rate of PICC and improve the nursing satisfaction of patients.
КЛІНІКО-ЛАБОРАТОРНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ЛЕТАЛЬНИХ ВИПАДКІВ ВІД ПАНДЕМІЧНОГО ГРИПУ А/H1N1 ПОРІВНЯНО З ТЯЖКИМИ ФОРМАМИ COVID-19
Authors: Юрко К. В. , Кацапов Д. В. , Бондаренко А. В. , Нартов П. В. , Максуль Т. Є. , Харченко О. М. 
Published: December 2021

У поточному епідемічному сезоні продовжується циркуляція вірусів грипу, зокрема А – A(H3N2) та A(H1N1)pdm09, а також вірусу грипу В, переважно (98 %) лінії B/Victoria. За даними центру Громадського здоров’я МОЗ України, рівень щеплення проти грипу залишається низьким, становлячи близько 0,6 % населення України, а серед груп професійного та епідемічного ризику – 22,8 %. У сучасних умовах одночасна циркуляція вірусів грипу та SARS-CoV-2 може призвести до труднощів диференційної діагностики та лікування.
Мета роботи – порівняння клініко-лабораторних особливостей тяжкого перебігу грипу, ускладненого пневмонією, спричиненого пандемічним вірусом грипу A(H1N1) pdm09 в епідемічному сезоні 2015/2016 років із COVID-19.
Пацієнти і методи. Проведено аналіз клінічних симптомів і даних лабораторного обстеження 19 хворих на грип, ускладнений негоспітальною пневмонією ІV клінічної групи, які перебували на лікуванні в ОКІЛ м. Харкова, та їх порівняння з такими у хворих на COVID-19 за даними літератури.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Серед досліджених хворих переважали чоловіки – 12 осіб (63,2 %) віком (50,7±11,9) років. Більшість мала супутні захворювання. На початку захворювання переважали помірна слабкість, головний біль, фебрильна температура, незначні катаральні явища, у зв’язку з чим ушпиталення затримувалось. Із 3-4-ї доби недуги стан суттєво погіршувався, приєднувались задишка, ціаноз. Типовими початковими симптомами COVID-19 були гарячка різного ступеня (73 %), непродуктивний кашель (59 %) та задишка або відчуття нестачі повітря, що швидко прогресувало. Важливу роль у ранній діагностиці тяжких форм COVID-19 відіграє комп’ютерна томографія легень.
Висновки. У хворих на COVID-19 та тяжкий грип спостерігається здебільшого гострий початок захворювання, який супроводжувався помірною слабкістю, головним болем та гарячкою до 38 °С. Ураження верхніх дихальних шляхів характеризувалось симптомами фарингіту. При грипі відбувається затримка звернення за медичною допомогою та ушпиталення на (6,2±1,5) добу від початку захворювання. Тяжкість грипу зумовлена приєднанням негоспітальної пневмонії, на відміну від COVID-19, де типовими ознаками є дифузне, переважно субплевральне ураження легень. Для запобігання тяжкому ускладненому перебігу грипу, спричиненого пандемічним вірусом A/H1N1pdm в умовах пандемії COVID-19 необхідна вакцинація осіб із груп ризику до початку епідемічного сезону.
ОКИСНА ДЕСТРУКЦІЯ БІЛКІВ ПРИ ГІПОКСИЧНО-ІШЕМІЧНИХ УРАЖЕННЯХ ГОЛОВНОГО МОЗКУ НА ЕТАПАХ КАРДІОХІРУРГІЧНИХ ВТРУЧАНЬ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ ШТУЧНОГО КРОВООБІГУ
Authors: Маньковський Д. С. 
Published: December 2021

Роль вільнорадикального окиснення білків крові в механізмах розвитку гіпоксично-ішемічних уражень (ГІУ) головного мозку (ГМ) та у ефективності функціонування гематоенцефалічного бар’єру (ГЕБ) залежить від ендотеліальних клітин, астроцитів і перицитів, порушення функцій яких викликає дисфункцію ГЕБ, зокрема за рахунок окиснення білкових фрагментів.
Мета – вивчення особливостей окиснення білкових фрагментів клітин та нуклеїнових кислот у пацієнтів з гіпоксично-ішемічними ураженнями до та після кардіохірургічних втручань з використанням штучного кровообігу.
Матеріал і методи. Наведені результати обстеження 38 пацієнтів з гіпоксично-ішемічними ураженнями головного мозку після кардіохірургічних втручань; діагностику неврологічного статусу виконували згідно з клінічними протоколами. Метаболічні зміни щодо окисної модифікації білків (ОМБ) та нуклеїнових кислот (ОМНК) досліджено у спонтанних та індукованих (Fe++) реакціях на доопераційному (за 3–5 діб) та післяопераційному (через 5–7 діб) етапах. Вивчено вміст білкових компонентів у сироватці крові – 2,4 – динітрофенілгідрозонів (ДНФГ).
Результати. Спонтанна ОМБ на етапах КХВ характеризується достовірними (р<0,001) змінами у накопиченні як альдегідних, так і карбонільних продуктів, а також у зміні ступеня (глибини) деструкції білків. В індукованих реакціях ОМБ виявлено зростання (з (0,303±0,007) у.о./мг білка до (0,396±0,003)у.о./мг білка) ступеня (глибини) деструкції білка за рахунок білкових фрагментів середнього розміру та достовірного збільшення питомої ваги фрагментів малого розміру, що є найінформативнішою ознакою впливу на метаболічні резерви ОМБ у хворих.
Висновки. На етапах кардіохірургічного втручання формуються передумови, що сприяють інтенсифікації процесу ОМБ плазми крові та ОМНК. Особливістю змін стану ОМНК та ОМБ є найбільш виразне зростання їх вмісту в післяопераційний період на тлі відносного зростання вмісту альдегідних та карбонільних продуктів окиснення з перерозподілом ступеня (глибини) ОДБ в спонтанних та, особливо, в індукованих реакціях. Наведене свідчить про зростання проявів деструкції та інтенсифікації ОМБ при одночасному накопиченні резервів окиснення білкових фрагментів плазми крові в післяопераційному періоді.
OPTIMIZATION OF OPERATIVE DELIVERY OF WOMEN IN LABOR WITH PLACENTA PREVIA
Authors: Zhelezov D. M. 
Published: December 2021

The aim – to evaluate the effectiveness of preventive ligation of uterine vessels during caesarean section in women with placenta previa.
Material and Methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the Regional Perinatal Center and Maternity Hospital № 5 (Odessa) for 2000–2020 and performing the main stage of cesarean section after reducing perfusion in the placenta. Uterine ligation was performed after fetal removal. The volume of blood loss, the condition of the mother and fetus were monitored, and perinatal results were analyzed.
Statistical processing was performed by methods of variance and frequency analysis using Statistica 13.0 software (TIBCO, USA).
Results. The mean age of pregnant women was 33.4±1.2 years. The clinic of placenta previa during pregnancy was extremely scanty. As a rule, the diagnosis was made during ultrasound monitoring. In 16 (17.7 %) there was repeated bleeding from the genital tract without pain and increased uterine tone, with the development of anemia of moderate severity. Single bleeding was observed in 53 (58.9 %) women.
Blood loss was 1380±112 ml in group I, 466±34 ml in group II (p<0.05). The frequency of anemia in the postoperative period was 38.0 % and 17.5 %, respectively (p<0.05). All newborns were discharged on the 5-7th day of the postpartum period in satisfactory condition. There were no cases of distress syndrome.
Conclusions: 1. The method of control of blood loss during placenta previa by ligation of the uterine arteries is effective – blood loss was in group I 1380±112 ml, in group II – 466±34 ml (p<0,05). 2. The frequency of anemia in the postoperative period was 38.0 in group I and 17.5 % in group II (p<0.05).
“Clinging Stubbornly to the Antithesis of Assumptions”: On the Difference Between Hegel’s and Spinoza’s Systems of Philosophy
Authors: Smith Daniel J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This essay re-examines Hegel’s critique of Spinoza’s Ethics, focusing on the question of method. Are the axioms and definitions unmotivated presuppositions that make the attainment of absolute knowledge impossible in principle, as Hegel charges? This essay develops a new reading of the Ethics to defend it from this critique. I argue that Hegel reads Spinoza as if his system were constructed only according to the mathematical second kind of knowledge, ignoring Spinoza’s clear preference for knowledge of the third kind. The Ethics, I argue, is a book with several layers: it is at once a deductive mathematical system, and a handbook to aid the intuitive power of the active philosophical reader. The letter of each text may be identical, but they have little else in common – Pierre Menard’s rewriting of Don Quixote given systematic philosophical form.
Where Is Negation in Merleau-Ponty’s Ontology? Symbolic Formation and the Implex
Authors: Kaushik Rajiv 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper concerns a basic ambiguity in Merleau-Ponty’s ontology between the reversibility of flesh and its écart. Where the former suggests continuity between the sensing and the sensible, the latter suggests their separation. It is difficult to know from reading The Visible and the Invisible which is to be prioritized or how one is to be read alongside the other. I argue that such a relation comes to light by thinking through the negation that is, for Merleau-Ponty, always constellated with being. This becomes more explicitly an ontology of differentiation or difference itself which does not prioritize identity. Such an ontology is, I argue, prefigured in Merleau-Ponty’s work on passivity and its symbolic formation. The idea is that the dynamic between negation and being and of symbolic formation happens at the level of, or even in, the body. The final section is thus a consideration of “the implex,” a term Merleau-Ponty borrows from Paul Valéry along with “chiasm.”
Divining: ΥΔΩΡ, Opacity, and Thalean Considerations
Authors: Spitzer D. M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Dowsing, water-witching, divining – the procedure seeks a flow or spring beneath the surface of earth. So too this inquiry attempts to locate and sound the meanings associated with the polestar of Thalean considerations, ὕδωρ, that course beneath the interpretative strata of an overly-familiar tradition grounded in the principles of clarity and intelligibility. If these principles are held in suspension, what meanings flow from the Thalean considerations of ὕδωρ? A twofold task guides this inquiry. First is to show opacity as the primary valence of ὕδωρ, challenging the prevailing tendency to imagine Thales and other Milesian thinkers as positing a principle of clarity in the form of what can be brought under the Aristotelean concept of underlying thing and matter (ὕλη). Second, in the course of drawing up the opacity of ὕδωρ form varied archaic sources emerge some connections to important terms for Greek thinking: φύσις, λόγος, ἀλήθεια.
The Spirit in the Book of Psalms
Authors: Martin Lee Roy 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This survey of the Spirit’s activity in the book of Psalms examines six prominent texts in which the word “spirit” (‮רוח‬‎) appears (Psalms 18, 51, 104, 139, 142, and 143). The study of these texts suggests that the Spirit is described in the Psalter as the agent of God’s life-giving power and as the administrator of God’s moral authority. As the agent of God’s life-giving power, the Holy Spirit creates all life and sustains all life. As administrator of God’s moral authority, the Holy Spirit saves, guides, sanctifies, and enacts judgment.
The Spirit in Isaiah
Authors: Ma Wonsuk 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study employs an “elect” concept to frame the diverse nature and work of the Spirit in Isaiah. God created humans in his image and enlivened them by his to “rule over” the whole of creation. This makes God’s elect a “charismatic” figure: chosen or called to be his possession and to stand between God and the recipients of the elect’s ministry, and to perform God-given tasks with his enduring and equipping presence through the Spirit. For the “tasks,” the Spirit equips or empowers the elected entity. However, the book of Isaiah also contains references to the Spirit without a human agent, revealing God’s character and work. This study will examine key passages of the Spirit in Isaiah to identify the Spirit’s role over the recipients with a focus on its “charismatic” function upon the “elect.”
The Spirit in Ephesians and Philippians
Authors: Darko Daniel K. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study aims to shed light on the richness, essence, and range of πνεῦμα lexemes in Paul’s correspondence to Christ followers in Western Asia Minor and Roman Philippi. I will endeavor to show the import of each occurrence of πνεῦμα or its cognate in these letters and provide a synthesis of the findings at the conclusion. It will become apparent that Paul does not have one consistent referent for πνεῦμα, either to the Holy Spirit or to other spiritual activities. The study will also show that Paul’s use of πνεῦμα lexemes is predicated upon the occasion and provenance of the letter in question. The analysis begins with Ephesians due to its higher frequency and range of πνεῦμα usage compared to its five appearances in Philippians.
Breaking Bread with the Bedchamber
Authors: Ng Jennifer S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article examines the institution of the Bedchamber of James I of England (1603–1625) through the practice of feasting. Originally comprising James VI’s Scottish entourage, the Bedchamber was a novel introduction to the English royal household in the Jacobean period: as such, this group of attendants came to represent both a body with unparalleled royal access, and a Scottish barrier between James I and his English court. By approaching the Bedchamber through its social and cultural obligations, the institution emerges as a mediating, rather than restrictive, body, serving to enact reconciliation between the king, the Court, and foreign states. Moreover, the Bedchamber’s feasting calendar indicates a broad basis of reward, circulating around several Bedchamber Gentlemen rather than a single favorite. Patterns of Bedchamber feasting ultimately reflected a Court that was largely accessible, not significantly structured by ethnic divisions, and conducive to the proliferation of culture and favor.
The Kiandra leek orchid is the previously presumed extinct mignonette leek orchid (Orchidaceae; Orchidoideae): evidence from morphological comparisons
Authors: AYRE BRONWYN M. , HAYASHI TOBIAS , PHILLIPS RYAN D. , REITER NOUSHKA 
Published: December 2021

Prasophyllum morganii (Orchidaceae), the mignonette leek orchid, was first collected from a single population in the subalps of Victoria, Australia, in 1929 but has not been collected since 1933. A morphologically similar leek orchid, P. retroflexum, was described in 2000 from Kosciuszko National Park, New South Wales, Australia. We measured 51 morphological traits on 14 field collected and 13 herbarium specimens of P. retroflexum, and six historical herbarium collections of P. morganii. In addition, we conducted a comparison of the types of both species with the field and herbarium specimens. Multivariate analyses were undertaken using 35 characters, and an ordination performed on range-standardised data. Results show no morphological differences between specimens identified as P. morganii and P. retroflexum, and we conclude they are conspecific.