bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research Review: The most effective parenting program content for disruptive child behavior – a network meta‐analysis
Authors: Leijten Patty , Melendez‐Torres G. J. , Gardner Frances 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundPrograms to support parents are the recommended strategy to reduce disruptive child behavior problems. Efforts have been made to demonstrate which program components (i.e., clusters of techniques taught) increase program effects, but these methods fail to account for the fact that components rarely operate in isolation. We examine how combinations of components cluster together to form program types and use network meta‐analysis to estimate the relative effects of these program types.MethodsWe updated an existing systematic review of parenting programs for disruptive child behavior and identified 197 randomized trials. We modeled clusters of components in each trial arm and chose the best‐fitting model. We subsequently took 20 draws from the probability distribution of the latent class for each arm, entered each draw into a network meta‐analysis model and combined findings using Rubin’s rules. Combined estimates were bootstrapped to rank the clusters. We estimated main models and separate models for prevention and treatment settings.ResultsA five‐class solution fit the data best: (1) behavior management; (2) behavior management with parental self‐management; (3) behavior management with psychoeducation and relationship enhancement; (4) maximal component loading and (5) no/minimal component loading (i.e. control). In the main model and in treatment settings, all four program types were effective compared to no/minimal components. In prevention settings, only behavior management and behavior management with parental self‐management were effective compared to no/minimal components. Probabilistic ranking showed that overall and in treatment settings, behavior management had the largest chance, and in prevention settings, behavior management with self‐management had the largest chance, of being most effective compared to no/minimal components.ConclusionsPrograms with more focused content seem more likely to yield stronger effects, and different foci may be needed in treatment versus prevention settings. Next steps include identifying individual family differences in optimal program content.
Habitat type and complexity drive fish assemblages in a tropical seascape
Authors: Hall April E. , Kingsford Michael J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInshore marine seascapes support a diversity of interconnected habitats and are an important focus for biodiversity conservation. This study examines the importance of habitat attributes to fish assemblages across a mosaic of inshore habitats: coral reefs, rocky reefs, macroalgae beds and sand/rubble beds. Fishes and benthic habitats were surveyed at 34 sites around continental islands of the central Great Barrier Reef using baited remote underwater video stations (BRUVS). Species richness was influenced foremost by habitat type and also by structural complexity within habitat types. The most speciose assemblages occurred in coral and rocky reef habitats with high structural complexity, provided by the presence of coral bommies/overhangs, boulders and rock crevices. Nonetheless, macroalgae and sand/rubble beds also supported unique species, and therefore contributed to the overall richness of fish assemblages in the seascape. Most trophic groups had positive associations with complexity, which was the most important predictor for abundance of piscivorous fishes and mobile planktivores. There was significant differentiation of fish assemblages among habitats, with the notable exception of coral and rocky reefs. Species assemblages overlapped substantially between coral and rocky reefs, which had 60% common species, despite coral cover being lower on rocky reefs. This suggests that, for many species, rocky and coral substrates can provide equivalent habitat structure, emphasizing the importance of complexity in providing habitat refuges, and highlighting the contribution of rocky reefs to habitat provision within tropical seascapes. The results of this study support an emerging recognition of the collective value of habitat mosaics in inshore marine ecosystems.
Being Known: A Grounded Theory Study of the Meaning of Quality Maternity Care to People of Color in Boston
Authors: Roder‐DeWan Sanam , Baril Nashira , Belanoff Candice M. , Declercq Eugene R. , Langer Ana 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionExperiences of people of color with maternity care are understudied but understanding them is important to improving quality and reducing racial disparities in birth outcomes in the United States. This qualitative study explored experiences with maternity care among people of color to describe the meaning of quality maternity care to the cohort and, ultimately, to inform the design of a freestanding birth center in Boston.MethodsUsing a grounded theory design and elements of community‐based participatory research, community activists developing Boston's first freestanding birth center and academics collaborated on this study. Semistructured interviews and focus groups with purposefully sampled people of color were conducted and analyzed using a constant comparative method. Interviewees described their maternity care experiences, ideas about perfect maternity care, and how a freestanding birth center might meet their needs. Open coding, axial coding, and selective coding were used to develop a local theory of what quality care means.ResultsA total of 23 people of color participated in semistructured interviews and focus groups. A core phenomenon arose from the narratives: being known (ie, being seen or heard, or being treated as individuals) during maternity care was an important element of quality care. Contextual factors, including interpersonal and structural racism, power differentials between perinatal care providers and patients, and the bureaucratic nature of hospital‐based maternity care, facilitated negative experiences. People of color did extra work to prevent and mitigate negative experiences, which left them feeling traumatized, regretful, or sad about maternity care. This extra work came in many forms, including cognitive work such as worrying about racism and behavioral changes such as dressing differently to get health care needs met.DiscussionBeing known characterizes quality maternity care among people of color in our sample. Maternity care settings can provide personalized care that helps clients feel known without requiring them to do extra work to achieve this experience.
Cutaneous findings in patients with chronic venous insufficiency
Authors: Kılınç Fadime , Akbaş Ayşe , Şener Sertaç , Hayran Yıldız , Aktaş Akın 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundVenous hypertension causes many different cutaneous findings such as varicosities, telangiectasia, edema, and pigmentation, dermatitis, and venous ulcers on the skin.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the cutaneous signs and symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and to examine their contribution to early diagnosis.MethodsA total of 150 patients were included in the study who applied to the dermatology outpatient clinic and were diagnosed with skin disease related to CVI or had skin findings. Patient's age, gender, complaints, occupation, additional diseases, drug usage, history of prolonged standing and travel, smoking habit, number of pregnancies, history of varicose veins in the family, dermatological diagnosis/findings, and venous Doppler ultrasonography reports were examined retrospectively.Results56% of patients were women. Mean age was 56.69 ± 13.6 years. Overall, 82.7% of total patients had at least one skin finding. The most frequent skin findings except varicose veins were insufficiency dermatitis accounted for 32.7% of patients, telangiectasia, and pigmentation which were comprised 25.3%, 19.3% of the total number of patients respectively. In addition to this, 48.7% of patients had itching problems and 32.7% had pain. Moreover, 46% of patients presented superficial vein insufficiency, while 8.7% had deep vein insufficiency. For 47.3% of patients, vein diameter dilation was observed and 11.3% suffered from perforating vein insufficiency. In terms of Clinical‐Etiologic‐Anatomic‐Pathophysiologic (CEAP) classification, scores of 52% of the patients were C3 and lower, while scores of 48% of total patients were C4a and higher.ConclusionsEarly diagnosis and treatment of chronic venous insufficiency could prevent further chronic processes such as venous ulceration which is an advanced CVI finding. Thus, assessing the early skin findings might be important to identify the underlying venous insufficiency disease.
Analysis of factors influencing patch test reactions: Results from a large‐ population‐based study in Chinese
Authors: Li Bingjie , Cheng Ying , Tan Yimei , Wang Fudi , Hu Weiyi , Wang Xuemin , Liu Wei , Krutmann Jean , Wang Sijia , Zou Ying 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatch test, as a helpful tool in clinic diagnosis and safety assessment of cosmetics, is affected by many factors.ObjectivesTo investigate the influencing factors of patch test reactions in a highly standardized large‐scale dataset of Chinese.MethodsPatch test data (n = 151,280) from safety assessments of cosmetic products were obtained following internationally standardized patch testing protocols during 2004–2017 in China.ResultsThe frequency of patch test reactions was 1.45% (2,191/151,280), with majority of the reactions being “score 1” reactions (also known as doubtful reactions, n = 2,075) and a small number being “score 2” reactions (weak reactions, n = 116). Patch test reactions were 67% more frequent in winter (p < 0.001), associated with temperatures (p < 0.001), rather than relative humidity (P:0.29). The frequency of reactions was higher in men than in women (p:0.001), especially in winter. The risk to develop reactions clearly increased with age in women (p < 0.001), but not in men (p:0.14). In women, the frequency of reactions in the old group (≥50 years old) was 30% more than the young group (<30 years old).ConclusionsThe frequency of patch test reactions to cosmetic products was 1.45% in our large‐scale study. The influencing factors of patch test include season, sex, and age, which should be considered when conducting and interpreting patch testing.
Social norms, agency, and marriage aspirations in Malawi
Authors: Zahra Fatima , Kidman Rachel , Kohler Hans‐Peter 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluates whether community norms, caregiver beliefs, and adolescents' own beliefs and perceptions, focused on early marriage, predict adolescent marriage aspirations in a low‐income context.BackgroundThe processes that contribute to adolescent marriage aspiration formation have received little attention in low‐income contexts, particularly sub‐Saharan Africa. Understanding how marriage aspirations are formed is important because they are associated with critical education and health outcomes.MethodUsing data that links Malawian adolescents (N = 2089) with their caregivers (N = 1452), gender‐stratified ordered logistic regression models were used to examine key relationships.ResultsResults show that community norms for youngest acceptable marriage age predict when boys want to marry, but there is no conclusive evidence that they predict when girls want to marry. This study also shows that adolescents who believe it is acceptable to marry at an early age are more likely to want to marry early themselves.ConclusionBoth community norms and adolescents' own beliefs are central to the formation of their marriage aspirations.ImplicationsThis study recommends that programs incorporate adolescent beliefs and perceptions when designing child marriage interventions and measuring their impact. In addition, theory‐driven measurement of community norms is encouraged to better evaluate their impact on both marriage aspirations and marriage age.
The relational regulation of within‐person variation in personality expression
Authors: Lakey Brian , Hubbard Sultan Ali , Brummans Jessica , Obreiter Amy , Perrin Paul B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere is renewed interest in how people express different levels of personality across situations or times (within‐person variation). However, within‐person studies typically do not focus on the specific relationship partners that are linked to the expression of personality. To remedy this, we applied relational regulation theory (RRT) to the study of within‐person variation. RRT states that specific relationship partners are important social contexts for understanding within‐person variation and describes how people regulate their affect, action and thought through interacting with or thinking about specific partners. In three studies of students (Ns = 136, 349, 110), participants rated their levels of six‐ or five‐factor personality dimensions when with or thinking about different relationship partners. Personality expression was strongly consistent across partners. Yet, in each study, there were also strong effects whereby more extraversion, agreeableness and openness were expressed when with some partners but not others. In each study, when a recipient saw a relationship as supportive, the recipient expressed more extraversion, agreeableness, and openness. Effects for emotionality and conscientiousness were less consistent. Theoretical implications for RRT and within‐person variation in personality were discussed.
Racial differences in primary sclerosing cholangitis mortality is associated with community socioeconomic status
Authors: Are Vijay S. , Vilar‐ Gomez Eduardo , Gromski Mark A. , Akisik Fatih , Lammert Craig , Ghabril Marwan , Chalasani Naga , Vuppalanchi Raj , Nephew Lauren D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsNatural history and outcomes data in PSC are mostly derived from cohorts where Blacks have been underrepresented. It is unknown if there are differences in mortality between Blacks and Whites with PSC.MethodsPSC patients seen at our institution from June 1988 to Jan 2019 were identified by merging prospective ERCP hepatology‐clinic databases and liver‐transplant registry. Data on race, clinical events, and death was obtained through chart review. Data on community health were collected using indices from county health rankings. Cumulative incidence of death was calculated using liver transplant (LT) as a competing risk.ResultsOf 449 patients, 404 were White and 45 were Black. The median‐duration of follow‐up was 7 years (IQR:3, 13). Black patients were younger at presentation than White patients (36.3 vs 42.5 years., P = .013). Disease severity as indicated by Mayo Risk Score categories (low 27% vs 31%, intermediate 54% vs 49% and high 19% vs 19%, P = .690), comorbidity burden and frequency of cirrhosis (42% vs 35%, P = .411) were similar between Blacks and Whites. Cumulative incidence of liver‐related death, with LT as a competing risk was significantly higher in Blacks compared to Whites (sHR 1.80, 95%CI 1.25, 2.61, P = .002). There was a significant interaction between race and community socioeconomic factors that attenuated the racial difference in mortality (sHR 1.01, 95%CI 0.99, 1.04, P = .345).ConclusionsBlacks with PSC present at a younger age with a similar disease severity as Whites but have higher liver related mortality that is mediated in part through community health.
Revisiting the paleomagnetism of Muong Nong layered tektites: Implications for their formation process
Authors: Gattacceca Jérôme , Rochette Pierre , Quesnel Yoann , Singsoupho Sounthone 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAmong Australasian tektites, the so‐called Muong Nong tektites stand out for their peculiar layering and blocky aspect. Although the source crater for the Australasian tektites is not known, Muong Nong tektites are generally considered as a relatively proximal ejecta. The mechanism responsible for the formation of the layering has been a matter of debate. In this work, we revisit the paleomagnetism of Muong Nong tektites. They retain a thermoremanent magnetization acquired during cooling below 585 °C in the presence of the ambient geomagnetic field, and carried magnetite in most samples, although at least one sample containing metallic iron was detected. The inclination of the paleomagnetic direction with respect to the layering plane clusters around 18 ± 12°, compatible with the inclination of the geomagnetic field for this latitude at the time of impact. This indicates that the layering of the Muong Nong tektites was subhorizontal while they were cooling below 585 °C. The preferred scenario for the formation of the layering of layered tektite is therefore by horizontal shear in pools or sheets of molten material.
Neutron capture 128Xe and 129Xe in the San Juan mass of the Campo del Cielo IAB iron meteorite: Evidence for a high fluence of thermalized neutrons
Authors: Pravdivtseva O. , Varela M. E. , Meshik A. , Campbell A. J. , Saavedra M. , Topa D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe petrographic study of the San Juan A2 polished section demonstrated textural and compositional similarities with the Campo del Cielo IAB iron meteorite, with trace element abundances in metal following the pattern of bulk Campo del Cielo. Xenon, neon, and helium isotopic compositions have been measured in radial graphite rims, massive graphite inclusions, fine‐grained graphite aggregates, cliftonite, and platy graphite. Two silicate inclusions and two areas of metal were also analyzed. 3He/4He versus 4He/21Ne data for San Juan metal plot next to the values reported for the El Taco fragment of Campo del Cielo, supporting San Juan being a part of the Campo del Cielo meteorite shower. Based on the Ne isotopic composition of its components, and the observed correlation between 128Xe and 129Xe, the San Juan A fragment of Campo del Cielo was well shielded from the primary galactic cosmic ray high‐energy irradiation. Its size allowed the secondary neutrons to be fairly well thermalized, receiving an equivalent (normalized to the research reactor with highly thermalized neutron spectrum) fluence of thermal and epithermal neutrons of 6.6 × 1017 n cm−2. Considering 1.8 × 108 years single‐stage and constant exposure geometry irradiation history for Campo del Cielo, and assuming the identical neutron flux spectra for the research reactor and Campo del Cielo, the average thermal equivalent neutron flux for San Juan is about 1.2 × 102 n cm−2 s−1. Xe isotopic composition in the radial graphite rims and platy graphite shows evidence of live 129I in San Juan and is consistent with a mixture of iodine‐derived and tellurium‐derived Xe.
Multispectral imaging and hyperspectral scanning of the first dissection of core 73002: Preliminary results
Authors: Sun Lingzhi , Lucey Paul G. , Flom Abigail , Ferrari‐Wong Chiara , Zeigler Ryan A. , Gross Juliane , Petro Noah E. , Shearer Charles K. , McCubbin Francis M. ,   The ANGSA Science Team
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe measured the multispectral images and a hyperspectral profile during the first dissection pass of core 73002, and here, we present preliminary results. Both multispectral images and hyperspectral data show systematic darkening and reddening from bottom to top of the core, indicating an increasing maturity from the subsurface to surface soils. Our estimated FeO and TiO2 abundances are 9 (±1) wt% and 1.8 (±0.5) wt%, and their homogeneous distributions imply no compositional stratigraphy was sampled by core 73002. The in situ regolith reworking depth is about 14 cm as inferred from the optical maturity (OMAT) profile, corresponding to a time range of about 61 million years. Mineralogy and Mg# (molar Mg/[Mg+Fe]) calculated using hyperspectral data and radiative transfer modeling show as expected the core is dominated by plagioclase and low‐Ca pyroxene, and the average Mg# is 61 (±10). Our work shows that spectroscopy has a great potential to be applied in the preliminary examination of future extraterrestrial samples from outside of the glovebox.
Fathers and grandmothers experiences participating in nutrition peer dialogue groups in Vihiga County, Kenya
Authors: Thuita Faith , Mukuria Altrena , Muhomah Teresia , Locklear Kamryn , Grounds Samantha , Martin Stephanie L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGrandmothers and fathers are key influencers of maternal and child nutrition and are increasingly included in interventions. Yet, there is limited research exploring their experiences participating in interventions. This study reports on findings from a qualitative process evaluation of a quasi‐experimental study that we conducted with grandmother and father peer dialogue groups to support maternal, infant and young child feeding practices in western Kenya. The aim was to explore grandmother and father experiences participating in interventions and how participation influences care and feeding practices. Grandmother and father peer educators received training to facilitate discussions about maternal and child nutrition, HIV and infant feeding, family communication, and family members' roles. Father peer educators also received training on gender inequities and power dynamics. In the original quasi‐experimental study, the intervention was associated with increased social support and improvements in some complementary feeding practices. The process evaluation explored participants' experiences and how participation influenced infant care and feeding practices. We used Atlas.ti to thematically analyse data from 18 focus group discussions. The focus group discussions revealed that grandmothers and fathers valued their groups, the topics discussed and what they learned. Grandmothers reported improved infant feeding and hygiene practices, and fathers reported increased involvement in child care and feeding and helping with household tasks. Both described improved relationships with daughters‐in‐law or wives. This study highlights the importance of engaging influential family members to support child nutrition and identifies factors to build cohesion among group members, by building on grandmothers' roles as advisors and expanding fathers' roles in nutrition through gender transformative activities.
European oak chemical diversity – from ecotypes to herbivore resistance
Authors: Bertić Marko , Schroeder Hilke , Kersten Birgit , Fladung Matthias , Orgel Franziska , Buegger Franz , Schnitzler Jörg‐Peter , Ghirardo Andrea 
Published: July 2021

SummaryClimate change is increasing insect pressure and forcing plants to adapt. Although chemotypic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity in spatially separated tree populations are known for decades, understanding their importance in herbivory resistance across forests remains challenging.We studied four oak forest stands in Germany using nontarget metabolomics, elemental analysis, and chemometrics and mapped the leaf metabolome of herbivore‐resistant (T‐) and herbivore‐susceptible (S‐) European oaks (Quercus robur) toTortrix viridana, an oak pest that causes severe forest defoliation.Among the detected metabolites, we identified reliable metabolic biomarkers to distinguish S‐ and T‐oak trees. Chemotypic differentiation resulted in metabolic shifts of primary and secondary leaf metabolism. Across forests, T‐oaks allocate resources towards constitutive chemical defense enriched of polyphenolic compounds, e.g. the flavonoids kaempferol, kaempferol and quercetin glucosides, while S‐oaks towards growth‐promoting substances such as carbohydrates and amino‐acid derivatives.This extensive work across natural forests shows that oaks' resistance and susceptibility to herbivory are linked to growth‐defense trade‐offs of leaf metabolism. The discovery of biomarkers and the developed predictive model pave the way to understandQuercus robur's susceptibility to herbivore attack and to support forest management, contributing to the preservation of oak forests in Europe.