bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fraxin Prevents Knee Osteoarthritis through Inhibiting Chondrocyte Apoptosis in an Experimental Rat Osteoarthritis Model
Authors: Qian Zhigang , Ru Xuanliang , Liu Chun , Huang Xiaoqin , Sun Qicai 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Current treatments of osteoarthritis are unsatisfied, a new approach towards
the treatment of osteoarthritis is urged considering the state at present.

Objectives:
The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of fraxin on knee OA in a rat model
and probe into the possible molecular mechanism.

Methods:
Primary Murine Chondrocytes were isolated and cell apoptosis analyses were performed.
Rat OA models were established using meniscectomy method and allocated into three groups.
Knee joint specimens were collected for qRT-PCR, western blotting and histological analysis. Statistical
analyses were processed by using a SPSS.

Results:
The apoptosis rate of fraxin group is significantly reduced compared with the OA group
or the control group. Fraxin remarkably down-regulated the expression of cleaved-Caspase-3 while
significantly up-regulated the expression of Bcl-2, both on mRNA and protein levels. Toluidine
blue stain results show relatively lighter articular cartilage damage compared with OA group.

Conclusion:
Fraxin prevents knee osteoarthritis by inhibiting chondrocyte apoptosis, which makes
it a potential candidate as an anti-OA drug for clinical use.
Understanding Perceptions and Practices for Designing an Appropriate Community-Based Kangaroo Mother Care Implementation Package: Qualitative Exploratory Study
Authors: Ariff Shabina , Maznani Ikram , Bhura Maria , Memon Zahid , Arshad Tayyaba , Samejo Tariq Ahmed , Zaidi Shujaat , Umer Muhammad , Ahmed Imran , Habib Muhammad Atif , Soofi Sajid Bashir , Bhutta Zulfiqar A 
Published: October 2021

Background
Low birth weight (LBW) is a common outcome of preterm birth, which increases the risk of an infant’s morbidity and mortality. Approximately 20 million infants are born with LBW globally per year. Since a significant number of births in Pakistan take place at home, it is important to focus on the use of kangaroo mother care (KMC), the practice of skin-to-skin contact, in communities to prevent neonatal mortality and morbidity.

Objective
We employed a formative research approach to understand the context of communities and facilities with regard to neonatal care and KMC practice. The broader aims were to inform the design and delivery of culturally appropriate platforms to introduce KMC in communities, and develop effective recruitment and retention strategies of KMC in rural areas of the Dadu district in the Sindh province of Pakistan.

Methods
We conducted focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and key informant interviews with families of LBW babies, community members, health care providers, and hospital administrators to identify barriers, enablers, and a knowledge base for KMC interventions.

Results
Newborn care practices in communities were found to be suboptimal. The community was generally unaware of the KMC intervention for the care of LBW babies. However, facility health care providers, the community, and family members were willing to provide KMC to improve outcomes. We found significant support from the community members and health care providers for KMC practices. Mothers were also ready to provide intermittent KMC. The administrative staff at the hospitals accepted the introduction of KMC practices for LBW babies.

Conclusions
KMC as a method of treating LBW babies is widely accepted in the community. This formative research provides strategically valuable information that will be helpful for developing effective implementation strategies by identifying common community practices for LBW babies, along with identifying the barriers and enablers to KMC practice.
Gilliard et famille
Authors: Maggetti Daniel 
Published: October 2021

Les nombreuses facettes des activités intellectuelles et littéraires de Henri Roorda ont laissé peu de traces manuscrites ou documentaires. Parmi les rares lettres de l’écrivain accessibles dans des archives, celles adressées à Edmond Gilliard et à la mère de ce dernier témoignent d’une proximité qui, toute discrète qu’elle est, n’en demeure pas moins exceptionnelle pour Roorda dans le contexte artistique lausannois. L’amitié que Gilliard manifestera à Roorda notamment dans son texte d’hommage posthume semble avoir été particulièrement importante pour la veuve de ce dernier, si l’on en juge par les quelques billets de sa main dont l’auteur du Pouvoir des Vaudois et son épouse sont les destinataires.
Keywords : Henri Roorda, Lili Roorda, correspondance, Edmond Gilliard, Ernest Ansermet, Marie Gilliard-Malherbe, Alice Gilliard, C. F. Ramuz, Cahiers vaudois.
European Ai-Policy Space
Authors: Vykhodets R. S. 
Published: October 2021

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the central technologies of the fourth industrial revolution. A significant part of the production of surplus value in the XXI century is associated with the mastery and widespread introduction of technologies, which contributes to the consolidation of technological competition as an object of state policy and an important component of international relations. The European Union today occupies a leading position in the field of technology development and Since 2018 the EU is in the process of forming a unified strategy in the field of AI, the directions, principles and approaches of which are the main subject of this article.The study is primarily based on the analysis of official documents included in the EU Strategy on AI: White Paper, Coordination Plan, Proposal for a Regulation establishing harmonized rules for artificial intelligence in the EU, documents of the expert groups of the European Commission, etc. The analysis of the EU policy to promote its own vision and approaches at the international level is based on theoretical models of the concept of “soft power” and the neo-institutional approach.Against the backdrop of fierce global technological competition, the EU was one of the first in the world to form a holistic strategy for the development of AI technologies. This makes it possible not only to strengthen its own position as a world leader in the field of innovative technologies, but also to significantly expand the intra-European and international integration agenda, as well as to supplement the European arsenal of soft power with tools to promote its own norms, standards and ethical principles of AI development at the global level.The key directions of the EU AI Policy are identified and disclosed. These include investments in technologies, creating conditions for their development, promoting development and implementation, creating an educational and regulatory environment, promoting the European vision of AI technology development at the international level. The authors considered key mechanisms of political regulation at the EU level, forms of interaction between stakeholders, approaches to promoting common principles in the field of ethics and security of AI technologies within the EU and at the international level.
Terrorism as a Special Form of Political Fight in the Modern World
Authors: Odinaev D. S. 
Published: October 2021

Terrorism is not a new phenomenon in human history, and since ancient times, various political and social forces have tried to seize power in this way, resorting to violence and intimidation. Various forces saw terrorism as a means of fighting their opponents. In the middle Ages, terrorism acquired a special status in European countries as a special form of political struggle to protect the interests of the state, church and religious authorities.The very act of officially killing criminals in any form was committed with the aim of intimidating people and various sectors of society. The violence of the marginalized, expressed by the term “terror,” has become more common in modern French political history. The advocates of the reform saw the protection of the interests and freedoms of the individual with the help of terrorism as an effective means of political struggle. However, later this term was considered a negative act, and terrorism was presented as a crime against the state. That is, since the end of the 18th century, the term “terror” has been used in a negative sense.Especially at the current stage of the development of human society, terrorism has acquired more frightening features. Terrorists kill innocent people to intimidate the public and authorities. Terrorism has become one of the main instruments of the struggle for power, the protection of group, ethnic, racial and other interests.
Trade and Economic Cooperation within the Framework of BRICS
Authors: Pogodin S. N. , Yagya T. S. 
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to trade and economic cooperation between Russia and the BRICS membercountries and trade cooperation within the BRICS Union. First, the authors study the peculiarities ofthe development of the BRICS member countries and the possibilities of their trade cooperation withinthe framework of this association. Trade and economic cooperation within the BRICS group is beingconsidered: structure of export and import supplies, dynamics of foreign trade turnover and features ofmutual trade. Authors consider the complementarity of the national economies of the BRICS countries,about the competitive directions of each of its countries in the provision of certain services. The focusis on the study of trade and economic cooperation between Russia and the BRICS member countriesin recent years. The article analyzes the export, import, and foreign trade turnover of Russia with each country of this organization. At the same time, all the calculations in the article are made independently based on statistical data. The authors identify the specifics of Russia’s trade cooperation within the BRICS grouping, draws relevant conclusions, and discusses the investment direction as a component of the growth of trade cooperation, the increase in foreign trade turnover, and GDP growth.
Stochastic Swarms of Jumping Robots for Large-scale Environmental Sensing
Authors: Hird Julian , Conn Andrew , Hauert Sabine 
Published: October 2021

Single-use jumping robots that are mass-producible and potentially
biodegradable could be quickly released for environmental sensing
applications. Such robots would be pre-loaded to perform a set number of
jumps, at random directions and distances, removing the need for onboard
energy and computation. Stochastic swarms build on embodied randomness
and large-scale deployments to perform useful work. This paper
introduces simulation results showing how to construct a stochastic
swarm of jumpers to perform environmental sensing, and the first
demonstration of robot prototypes which can perform a set number of
sequential jumps, full-body sensing, and have the potential to be
biodegradable.

Corresponding author(s)
Email: a.conn@bristol.ac.uksabine.hauert@bristol.ac.uk
PENYELESAIAN PEMBIAYAAN BERMASALAH PADA BANK SYARIAH
Authors: Khairunisa Madona 
Published: October 2021

Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian perpustakaan, Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut Penulis memakai metodologi penelitian bersifat kualitatif. Sumber data diperoleh langsung melalui literatur yang berkaitan dengan objek penelitian. Setelah data terkumpul dengan lengkap baru dianalisa secara deskriptif dengan metode analisis deduktif dimana data-data umum yang telah dikumpulkan ditarik kesimpulan secara khusus. Setelah dilakukan penelitian maka didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa Pola penyelesaian pembiayaan bermasalah pada bank syariah dapat dilakukan dengan cara:1.Restrukturisasi. restrukturisasi yang dapat dilakukan adalah Penjadwalan kembali (rescheduling), Persyaratan kembali (reconditioning), Penataan kembali (restructuring), Penjadwalan kembali (rescheduling) 2. Penyelesaian melalui jaminan. 3.Collection Agent dan 4. Hapus Buku (write off).
El juego-trabajo como estrategia de enseñanza-aprendizaje en Educación Inicial
Authors: Pillajo Tipán Evelyn Gissela , Villarroel Dávila Paola Carina , Quezada Loaiza Enith Elizabeth , Guijarro Vinces Johanna Stefanía 
Published: October 2021

En la actualidad, la educación se ha transformado y con ello las metodologías y estrategias pedagógicas utilizadas por los docentes, este es el caso de la educación Inicial, que propone la metodología juego-trabajo como una alternativa para generar experiencias de aprendizaje significativas e innovadoras en los niños, evitando esquemas tradicionales enfocados en actividades dirigidas sin la posibilidad de la experimentación y movimiento. Por ello, el presente estudio se enfoca en averiguar cuánto conocen los docentes sobre la implementación de la metodología juego-trabajo y su implementación como estrategia de enseñanza-aprendizaje en educación inicial. Para este propósito se realizó una investigación de tipo cuantitativa y descriptiva, con una población de cincuenta y dos docentes del nivel de educación inicial de la ciudad de Quito, a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario validado y piloteado sobre la utilización de la metodología juego-trabajo. Luego de analizar los resultados, se determinó que el 67,3 % de los docentes si aplican la metodología juego-trabajo durante el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, pero no poseen una comprensión clara de los conceptos ni las técnicas que se pueden emplear dentro de la metodología. Esta carencia de fundamentos conceptuales conduce a una mera aplicación por el simple hecho de cumplir con las exigencias establecidas en el currículo, corriendo el riesgo de una aplicación sin criterios de innovación y creatividad.
Nivel de conocimiento de protocolos de primeros auxilios en docentes de educación inicial y preparatoria de instituciones educativas de la ciudad de Quito
Authors: Murillo Loján María Teresa , Vargas Fuertes Erika Marlene , López Sevilla Janeth Del Pilar 
Published: October 2021

Los protocolos de primeros auxilios dentro de las instituciones educativas tanto públicas, privadas o municipales de la ciudad de Quito, relacionados a la Educación Inicial y Preparatoria, son temas que deben ser prioritarios, con énfasis en la preparación de las/os docentes, en razón de ser ente principal de cuidado y enseñanza de los niños/as. Por tanto, es necesario que estén calificados para brindar la asistencia a sus estudiantes ante algún accidente dentro de las instalaciones de los centros infantiles. Propósito: Valorar los conocimientos de los protocolos de primeros auxilios en autoridades y docentes de Educación Inicial y Preparatoria de los establecimientos educativos en Quito. Sujetos y métodos: Estudio multicéntrico, observacional, transversal de una cohorte. Población: 54 docentes y autoridades de educación inicial y preparatoria de la ciudad de Quito, de agosto a septiembre de 2020. Resultados: En cuanto a capacitación de primeros auxilios, el 80% de educadores encuestados recibieron preparación en el tema; mientras el 20 % restante no recibieron capacitación de primeros auxilios durante su formación. En ese contexto buscó conocer si los docentes poseen conocimiento de primeros auxilios, resultando que el 98 % sabía a qué se refiere el término; mientras que el 2% no conocían. Conclusión: Se concluyó que la capacitación, teórica y práctica, de primeros auxilios es una herramienta fundamental para precautelar la integridad física y psicológica de las/os niños.
COVID-19 Crisis in Africa: Revisiting the Contributing Factors
Authors: Eze Ugochukwu A , Ndoh Kingsley I , Kanmodi Kehinde K 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been a major threat to people and healthcare systems around the world. Each region of the world has had unique factors such as culture, demographics, socioeconomic and the political landscape that has either fueled or mitigated the severity of the pandemic. For example, the 2021 Indian Kumbh Mela festival fueled a devastating wave of the pandemic in India. Similarly, the pandemic in the United States has in part been fueled an epidemic of disinformation that led to a growing number of anti-vaxxers, and those who are opposed to COVID-19 prevention guidelines set by agencies like the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In Africa, burial practices in Liberia and the Democratic Republic of Congo once fueled the Ebola epidemic. Likewise, in the context of COVID-19, there are factors that are unique to Africa that may have either fueled or mitigated the severity of the pandemic. The anti-COVID-19 measures in many African countries significantly affected household income without commensurate deployment of palliative measures to cushion the effect. Fortunately, the pandemic has run a relatively milder course in sub-Saharan Africa—defying earlier devastating projections. Therefore, to be prepared for the next pandemic, African governments must involve critical stakeholders such as religious and traditional leaders, strengthen current disease surveillance systems and invest in systems that encourage private investments in local vaccine manufacturing.
The Share of Pollution from Land Sources in PM Levels in the Region of Danish Straits, North and Baltic Seas
Authors: Rogulski Mariusz , Badyda Artur , Firląg Szymon 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine air pollution over the sea surface (North Sea and Baltic Sea) comparing to concentration in the closest land areas to examine the impact of ships on the level of PM concentration. The analysis is based on the measurements made during the two weeks cruise of the tall ship Fryderyk Chopin from Edinburg to Kołobrzeg. The highest pollution levels were observed in locations distant from the coast, especially over Baltic Sea, with increasing concentrations when other ships approaching. The article attempts to assess the possibility of migration of pollutants to these areas from land-based sources, and thus indicate the degree of their participation in the level of pollution present at sea.
LEGAL CERTAINTY OF LAND TITLE IN FACILITATING FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN ACEH PROVINCE, INDONESIA
Authors: Luqyana Dina , Yahya Azhari 
Published: October 2021

Law Number 25 Year 2007 on Capital Investment facilitates services and/or licensing of Land Rights to Use for investment. Article 22(a) stipulated that land Rights to Use (HGB) can be granted up to 95 years for land cultivation rights, up to 160 years for building use rights, and up to 140 years for land Rights to Use. However, land Rights to Use regulated in Qanun Number 14 Year 2017 on Aceh's Assets Management is only five years subject to certain conditions and requirements for extension. It is clear that there two legislations available in Aceh in terms of facilitating land license for investment. Therefore, a research question raised is which law is applied by the Government of Aceh to speed the process of land license for the investor? This study uses normative legal research by relying on primary and secondary legal resources. Primary legal resources were collected by analyzing related legislations, while secondary legal resources were obtained by reviewing associated literature. The result shows that in facilitating land license for investors in Aceh, the Government of Aceh applies Qanun Number 14 Year 2017 on Aceh's Assets Management instead of Law Number 25 Year 2007 on Capital Investment. This Qanun stipulated that land license for investors is given for five years with specific requirements for extension. This short period for a land license causes legal uncertainty for investors and decreases their motivation to invest in Aceh Province. It is suggested that this Qanun should be amended to be in line with national legislation, namely law Number 25 Year 2007 that provides a longer period of land license for investors. Keywords: Legal certainty; Land license; Foreign Direct Investment.
PROTECTION ON FREEDOM OF THE PRESS FOR FOREIGN JOURNALISTS AND JOURNALISTIC VISA IN INDONESIA
Authors: Aiza Fianka , Farsia Lena 
Published: October 2021

This study analyses how Indonesia enforces the law to protect the freedom of the press for foreign journalists and imposes strict visa regulations on them. The method used to conduct this research is the normative legal method. This study shows that Indonesia upholds human rights such as freedom of expression, but there are no specific legal rules to uphold such rights over foreign journalists. Rules are only available on the enactment of a journalistic visa. Therefore, it is recommended for Indonesia's Lawmakers to compose a new Law to uphold the rights and obligations of foreign journalists while they are in Indonesia and develop a monitoring body for foreign journalists so that Indonesia can ensure the protection of freedom of the press and the national security. Keywords: Foreign journalists; Freedom of Press; Journalistic Visa.
Specialists and generalists
Authors: Anokhov I. V. 
Published: October 2021

The article considers labor specialization in terms of A.A. Bogdanov’s General Organizational Science (Tectology), whose methodology provides conclusions different from generally accepted A. Smith’s concept of labor division. The article’s goal is to investigate specialist’s characteristics and his difference from generalist.In terms of tectology, the difference is the cause of any process or phenomenon. Labor specialization is also based on difference – the difference between initial resources and collective consumption. The depth of labor specialization is determined by the number of people and the volume of their consumption. Reaching the global market’s limits has led to a reduction of differences in most markets and a decrease in production profitability, which in the long term can lead to the curtailment of material and energy flows. A qualitatively new difference may be the difference between the values and meanings of humanity, on the one hand, and the dehumanized technosphere, on the other. Subjects capable of linking these differences are generalists, capable of combining an understanding of the technosphere as a system, an awareness of long-term cause-and-effect relations, and the values and meanings of humanity.The scientific novelty of the findings obtained lies in studying labor specialization and the prospects of its transition to universalization and generalization.
Project management principles special aspects
Authors: Eremin V. V. , Firsov D. V. , Chernysheva T. K. 
Published: October 2021

The modern vector of development of the national economy and its focus on programme-targeted organisation makes us consider the principles of organisation in public administration in a new way. Modern conditions and principles of public administration require the adaptation of fundamentally new methodological guidelines that can not only manage existing systems, but also stimulate the emergence of fundamentally new economic and social realities. Currently, financing of state programme takes about 70 % of the federal budget, however, the actual implementation of the laid down plans of state programme is far behind the planned targets.Within the international practice of economies with a related organisational structure focused on the implementation of large programme projects, the focus on project management begins to occupy a dominant position in the practice of public management, especially in the field of strategic development.The article studies the special aspects of the project management formation and its scaling at the national level. The paper analyses the experience of implementing the principles of project management in public administration. At the same time, the authors highlight the main fundamental provisions of the successful implementation of projects and determine the key directions for improving the efficiency of project management.