bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosing a Solar Flaring Core with Bidirectional Quasi-periodic Fast Propagating Magnetoacoustic Waves
Authors: Miao Yuhu , Li Dong , Yuan Ding , Jiang Chaowei , Elmhamdi Abouazza , Zhao Mingyu , Anfinogentov Sergey 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Quasi-periodic fast propagating (QFP) waves are often excited by solar flares, and could be trapped in the coronal structure with low Alfvén speed, so they could be used as a tool for diagnosing both the flaring core and magnetic waveguide. As the periodicity of a QFP wave could originate from a periodic source or be dispersively waveguided, it is a key parameter for diagnosing the flaring core and waveguide. In this paper, we study two QFP waves excited by a Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-class C1.3 solar flare occurring at active region NOAA 12734 on 2019 March 8. Two QFP waves were guided by two oppositely oriented coronal funnels. The periods of two QFP waves were identical and were roughly equal to the period of the oscillatory signal in the X-ray and 17 GHz radio emission released by the flaring core. It is very likely that the two QFP waves could be periodically excited by the flaring core. Many features of this QFP wave event are consistent with the magnetic tuning fork model. We also investigated the seismological application with QFP waves, and found that the magnetic field inferred with magnetohydrodynamic seismology was consistent with that obtained in the magnetic extrapolation model. Our study suggests that the QFP wave is a good tool for diagnosing both the flaring core and the magnetic waveguide.
Measuring the Hubble Constant with GW190521 as an Eccentric black hole Merger and Its Potential Electromagnetic Counterpart
Authors: Gayathri V. , Healy J. , Lange J. , O’Brien B. , Szczepanczyk M. , Bartos I. , Campanelli M. , Klimenko S. , Lousto C. O. , O’Shaughnessy R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Gravitational-wave observations can be used to accurately measure the Hubble constant H
0 and could help understand the present discrepancy between constraints from Type Ia supernovae and the cosmic microwave background. Neutron star mergers are primarily used for this purpose as their electromagnetic emission can be used to greatly reduce measurement uncertainties. Here we quantify the implied H
0 using the recently observed black hole merger GW190521 and its candidate electromagnetic counterpart found by ZTF using a highly eccentric explanation of the properties of GW190521. As the electromagnetic association is currently uncertain, our main goal here is to determine the effect of eccentricity on the estimated H
0. We obtain

km s−1 Mpc−1. Our results indicate that future H
0 computations using black hole mergers will need to account for possible eccentricity. For extreme cases, the orbital velocity of binaries in active galactic nucleus disks can represent a significant systematic uncertainty.
A Multi-band Forced-photometry Catalog in the ELAIS-S1 Field
Authors: Zou Fan , Brandt W. N. , Lacy Mark , Ni Qingling , Nyland Kristina , Yang Guang , Bauer Franz E. , Covone Giovanni , Grado Aniello , Napolitano Nicola R. , Paolillo Maurizio , Radovich Mario , Spavone Marilena , Vaccari Mattia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The ELAIS-S1 field will be an Legacy Survey of Space and Time Deep Drilling field, and it also has extensive multiwavelength coverage. To improve the utility of the existing data, we use The Tractor to perform forced-photometry measurements in this field. We compile data in 16 bands from the DeepDrill, VIDEO, DES, ESIS, and VOICE surveys. Using a priori information from the high-resolution fiducial images in VIDEO, we model the images in other bands and generate a forced-photometry catalog. This technique enables consistency throughout different surveys, deblends sources from low-resolution images, extends photometric measurements to a fainter magnitude regime, and improves photometric-redshift estimates. Our catalog contains over 0.8 million sources covering a 3.4 deg2 area in the VIDEO footprint and is available at 10.5281/zenodo.4540178.
TRIM28 Expression on Dendritic Cells Prevents Excessive T Cell Priming by Silencing Endogenous Retrovirus
Authors: Chikuma Shunsuke , Yamanaka Soichiro , Nakagawa So , Ueda Mahoko Takahashi , Hayabuchi Hodaka , Tokifuji Yukiko , Kanayama Masashi , Okamura Tadashi , Arase Hisashi , Yoshimura Akihiko 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Acquired immune reaction is initiated by dendritic cells (DCs), which present Ags to a few naive Ag-specific T cells. Deregulation of gene expression in DCs may alter the outcome of the immune response toward immunodeficiency and/or autoimmune diseases. Expression of TRIM28, a nuclear protein that mediates gene silencing through heterochromatin, decreased in DCs from old mice, suggesting alteration of gene regulation. Mice specifically lacking TRIM28 in DCs show increased DC population in the spleen and enhanced T cell priming toward inflammatory effector T cells, leading to acceleration and exacerbation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. TRIM28-deficient DCs were found to ectopically transcribe endogenous retrovirus (ERV) elements. Combined genome-wide analysis revealed a strong colocalization among the decreased repressive histone mark H3K9me3-transcribed ERV elements and the derepressed host genes that were related to inflammation in TRIM28-deficient DCs. This suggests that TRIM28 occupancy of ERV elements critically represses expression of proximal inflammatory genes on the genome. We propose that gene silencing through repressive histone modification by TRIM28 plays a role in maintaining the integrity of precise gene regulation in DCs, which prevents aberrant T cell priming to inflammatory effector T cells.
Association Between Previous Concussion Education and Concussion Care-Seeking Outcomes Among National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Student-Athletes
Authors: Callahan Christine E. , Kay Melissa C. , Kerr Zachary Y. , Hinson Madison T. , Linnan Laura A. , Hennink-Kaminski Heidi , Gildner Paula , Marshall Stephen W. , Houston Megan N. , Cameron Kenneth L. , Register-Mihalik Johna 
Published: February 2021

Context
Limited data exist concerning differences in concussion-education exposure and how education exposures relate to care seeking and symptom disclosure, specifically by National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I student-athletes.

Objective
To investigate demographic characteristics associated with concussion-education exposure and examine whether overall education exposure (yes versus no) and education-source exposure number (multiple sources versus a single source) affect concussion care-seeking and disclosure factors in Division I student-athletes.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Classroom or online survey.

Patients or Other Participants
Division I student-athletes (n = 341).

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Frequencies and proportions were computed for sex, race, school year, sport, and concussion history across concussion-education groups. Prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% CIs were calculated to quantify the associations between student-athlete characteristics and (1) overall concussion-education exposure and (2) source-exposure number. Separate multivariable linear regression models estimated adjusted mean differences (MDs) and 95% CIs, which allowed us to assess differences in concussion knowledge, attitudes, and perceived social norms relative to concussion-education exposure and exposure to multiple sources. Separate multivariable binomial regression models were performed to estimate adjusted PRs and 95% CIs in order to evaluate associations of intention, perceived control, and care-seeking or disclosure behaviors and overall concussion-education exposure and exposure to multiple sources. All models controlled for sex, sport, and concussion history.

Results
Overall, 276 (80.9%) participants reported previous concussion education, with 179 (64.9%) being exposed to multiple sources. Student-athletes who participated in a contact sport (adjusted PR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.06, 1.44) and those who had a concussion history (adjusted PR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.09, 1.31) had higher prevalences of concussion-education exposure. Females had a lower prevalence of reporting multiple sources (adjusted PR = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.68, 0.99). Overall concussion-education exposure was significantly associated with more favorable perceived social norms surrounding concussion care seeking (adjusted MD = 1.37; 95% CI = 0.13, 2.61).

Conclusions
These findings highlighted the potential differences in overall concussion-education exposure and provide clinicians with information on groups who may benefit from additional targeted education.
The Role Mentoring Plays in the Transition to Practice of Newly Credentialed Athletic Trainers
Authors: Walker Stacy E. , Singe Stephanie Mazerolle , Cavallario Julie M. 
Published: February 2021

Context
Mentoring has been identified as an important method of supporting newly credentialed athletic trainers (ATs) during their transition to practice. Gaining a better understanding of this relationship could provide valuable insights that may assist employers and professional programs in developing a plan to better facilitate the transition.

Objective
To examine which aspects of the mentoring relationship provided the most benefit during the transition to practice of newly certified ATs.

Design
Qualitative study.

Setting
Individual phone interviews.

Patients or Other Participants
A total of 13 ATs who graduated from a professional master's program, were certified from February through July 2016, and obtained employment from July through August 2016 participated in this study (6 women, 7 men; age = 26 ± 3 years; work settings included professional sports, college, secondary and middle school, and clinic). Data saturation guided the number of participants.

Data Collection and Analysis
Phone interviews using a semistructured interview guide were conducted at 3, 8, and 12 months of work experience. Data were analyzed using a constant comparative approach. Credibility was established via investigator triangulation, peer debriefing, and member checks.

Results
Participants recognized the mentoring relationship as a foundational aspect of the transition to practice. Mentors should be available by phone, email, or text to answer questions, provide feedback, or discuss ideas. Respondents wanted honest feedback, even when that feedback was constructively critical. Feedback was sought regarding topics such as patient care, communication, and networking. Participants needed reassurance and support from their mentors to help validate and improve their self-confidence.

Conclusions
Newly credentialed ATs should seek mentors who will be available to communicate in various ways and will provide regular and constructive feedback. Future researchers should investigate how mentoring relationships influence other aspects of the transition to practice, such as patient care, overall job performance, turnover, and satisfaction.
Employability in Academe for Athletic Trainers With the Doctor of Athletic Training Degree
Authors: Van Lunen Bonnie L. , Clines Stephanie H. , Reems Tyler , Eberman Lindsey E. , Hankemeier Dorice A. , Welch Bacon Cailee E. 
Published: February 2021

Context
The doctor of athletic training (DAT) degree has recently been introduced into academe. Limited literature exists regarding how individuals with this degree can become part of an athletic training faculty.

Objective
To identify department chairs' perceptions of the DAT degree and determine whether they viewed the degree as viable when hiring new faculty within a postbaccalaureate professional athletic training program.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Online survey instrument.

Patients or Other Participants
A total of 376 department chairs who had oversight of Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education athletic training programs were invited to participate. Of these, 190 individuals (50.5%) accessed the survey, and 151 of the 190 department chairs (79.5%) completed all parts of the survey.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
A web-based survey instrument consisted of several demographic questions and 4-point Likert-scale items related to perceptions of the DAT degree. Independent variables were degree qualifications, advanced degree requirements, institutional control, student enrollment, current faculty with a clinical doctorate, and institutional degree-granting classification. The dependent variables were the department chairs' responses to the survey items.

Results
More than 80% of department chairs were moderately or extremely familiar with the concept of an advanced practice doctoral degree, and 64% believed it would be extremely to moderately beneficial to hire someone with this degree in the athletic training program. Furthermore, 67% of department chairs were very likely or likely to hire someone with a DAT degree and expected they would do so in the next 5 years. Characteristics associated with higher perception scores were lower institutional student enrollment, having more current faculty with an advanced practice doctoral degree, and a lower institutional degree-granting classification.

Conclusions
Department chairs recognized the DAT degree as a viable degree qualification for teaching in professional athletic training programs. Future researchers should examine the need for athletic trainers with the DAT degree in clinical practice settings.
Finite element analysis of the effect of framework materials at the bone–implant interface in the all-on-four implant system
Authors: Kelkar Kasturi Chandrashekhar , Bhat Vinaya , Hegde Chethan 
Published: February 2021

Background:
The “All-on-four” concept for treatment of edentulous arches incorporates four implants that are placed in between mental foramina in the mandible. The prosthetic framework is an important parameter in stress/strain concentration at the implants, prosthesis, and the underlying bone. Materials such as titanium, zirconia, and carbon fibers have been used for fabrication of framework in the past. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of framework materials in the “All-on-four” implant system.

Materials and Methods:
Finite element three-dimensional (3D) model of edentulous mandible was simulated using a computerized tomographic scan data of an edentulous patient. Threaded implants were replicated along with the abutments using 3D modeling software and the framework was designed and simulated using material properties of titanium, zirconia, and polyetheretherketone (PEEK). Axial and nonaxial load of 200 N was applied at the abutment region of right distal implants. The computer-generated numerical values were tabulated and analysed by ANSYS software.

Results:
Principal strain, von Mises stress and micromotion were assessed in the peri-implant bone region to evaluate its stress condition. Zirconia framework showed the least stress/strain values at axial and oblique loading. Maximum strain values were seen at the PEEK framework material. Zirconia framework in all models showed the least micromotion/displacement.

Conclusion:
The stress distribution pattern at implant–bone interface was influenced by the framework material used. The framework material, loading site, and direction of forces influenced the stresses and displacement at the bone–implant interface.
In vitro antimicrobial activity of mineral trioxide aggregate, Biodentine, and calcium-enriched mixture cement against Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans using the agar diffusion technique
Authors: Esteki Parinaz , Jahromi Maryam Zare , Tahmourespour Arezoo 
Published: February 2021

Background:
This study assessed the antimicrobial activity of Biodentine, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement against Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans.

Materials and Methods:
In this in vitro study, microbial suspensions were inoculated onto agar plates. The antimicrobial effects of MTA, Biodentine and CEM cement were assessed against E. faecalis, S. mutans, and C. albicans by the agar diffusion test. In each experimental group, 7 plates containing 3 wells were prepared and immediately filled with freshly mixed cements. Positive and negative control plates were prepared with/without the bacterial suspension, respectively. After 2 h of preincubation at room temperature, the plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 h. The diameter of growth inhibition zones was measured after 24 h. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05).

Results:
Biodentine showed strong antimicrobial activity against all three microorganisms with an average inhibition zone of 9.10 mm. The inhibitory effect of Biodentine on E. faecalis and C. albicans was significantly superior to that of the other two cements (P < 0.05). MTA and CEM cement showed significantly higher antimicrobial activity against S. mutans (P < 0.05). The antimicrobial effects of Biodentine on S. mutans and E. faecalis were significantly greater than on C. albicans (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
All cements revealed antimicrobial properties against the tested microbial strains. Biodentine had stronger antimicrobial effects against E. faecalis and C. albicans compared with MTA and CEM cement. Furthermore, the largest inhibition zones around all three cements belonged to S. mutans.
Comparison of information provided by pediatricians regarding tooth eruption and the information available on the internet
Authors: HajiAhmadi Maryam , Akhlaghi Najmeh , Aghajani Faezeh , Moshgelgosha Hadi , Soltanian Mahshad 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Most parents believe that teething is associated with some symptoms and commonly use Internet to gain more information about the health of their children. Pediatricians can also serve as a source of information for health-related requirements of parents. This study aimed to compare the information provided by pediatricians regarding tooth eruption and the information available in Persian-language websites.

Materials and Methods:
This descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study was performed in two phases. In the first phase, the questionnaire was designed by 85 pediatric pediatricians in Isfahan about children's dental eruption and internet resources. The second phase was the study of 22 Persian websites about children's tooth eruption using Google search engine and the keywords “tooth eruption,” “tooth eruption symptoms.” Then a checklist was prepared to evaluate the quality and completeness of the content. Data were analyzed by the Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test using SPSS (P < 0.05).

Results:
None of the retrieved websites had the health on the net code of conduct. The most common symptoms of teething reported by both pediatricians and websites included irritability, drooling, gingival tenderness, chewing tendency, decreased appetite and sleep disturbances. In non-pharmacological methods to control the symptoms related to tooth eruption in both groups, embracing the baby (P < 0.001), using soft tooth ring (P = 0.049) and chewing hard foods (0.016 P = significant. Use of oral pain medication (P = 0.01) and sedatives and medications (P = 0.04) were significant in the medication method.

Conclusion:
None of the websites reviewed had a valid source code and author. Although websites cannot replace the instructions of pediatricians regarding growth and development of children and their teething, supplementary information can be acquired from high-quality websites because there seems to be no significant difference between these two information sources regarding tooth eruption symptoms and their management.
Actinomycetoma by Actinomadura madurae
Authors: Bonifaz Alexandro , Tirado-Sánchez Andrés , Vazquez-Gonzalez Denisse , Araiza Javier , Hernández-Castro Rigoberto 
Published: February 2021

Context:
Mycetoma is a chronic, granulomatous disease caused by fungi (eumycetoma) or aerobic filamentous actinomycetes (actinomycetoma). Actinomadura madurae is one of the most frequent actinomycetes.

Aim:
The study aims to provide an update on clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic, and outcome data for patients with actinomycetoma in a single center in Mexico.

Settings and Design:
This was a retrospective study of 47 cases diagnosed with actinomycetoma.

Subjects and Methods:
The cases were selected from a total of 536 mycetoma obtained during 35 years (from 1985 to 2019). Clinical data were retrieved from the clinical records of our department. Microbiological data were obtained from our Mycology laboratory.

Statistical Analysis:
Frequencies and percentages were used for categorical variables. Normality was determined with the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. We used means and medians to describe the variables.

Results:
Forty-seven patients with actinomycetoma were included; female:male ratio 1.9:1; median age 38 years. The foot was the most affected region in 76.5% of cases. The bone invasion was observed in 89%. The time between symptoms onset and diagnosis was 5.5 years. Grain detection by direct examination was positive in 95% of cases. The most commonly used, as well as the most effective treatment scheme was streptomycin + sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim with dapsone. Sixty-three percent (30 patients) achieved clinical and mycological cure, and 10.6% (5 patients) had treatment failure.

Conclusions:
We highlight the importance of designing therapeutic strategies to standardize treatments and gain more experience to improve the care of these patients.
A novel technique using endoscopic band ligation for removal of long-stalked (>10 mm) pedunculated colon polyps
Authors: Choi Hyun Ho , Kim Chang Whan , Kim Hyung-Keun , Kim Sang Woo , Han Sok Won , Seo Kyung Jin , Chae Hiun-Suk 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Endoscopic removal of large and thick-stalked pedunculated colonic polyps, often leads to massive hemorrhage. Several techniques to minimize this complication have not been widely adopted due to some caveats. In order to prevent postpolypectomy bleeding, we invented a novel technique to dissect long-stalked pedunculated colonic polyps using endoscopic band ligation (EBL) by laterally approaching the stalk.

Methods:
In this prospective single-center study, 17 pedunculated polyps in 15 patients were removed between April 2012 and January 2016. We targeted pedunculated polyps with a long stalk length (>10 mm) and a large head (>10 mm) located in the distal colon. After identifying lesions with a colonoscope, we reapproached the middle part of the stalk of the targeted polyp with an EBL-equipped gastroscope to ligate it. Snare polypectomy was performed just above the ligation site of the stalk.

Results:
EBL-assisted polypectomy removed all of the lesions successfully, which were confirmed pathologically. There was little technical difficulty associated with the endoscopic procedures, regardless of polyp size and stalk thickness, except for one case with a very large polyp that impeded the visualization of the ligation site. We observed a positive correlation between procedure time and the diameter of the head (spearman ρ = 0.52, P = 0.034). After dissection of the polyp, the EBL bands remained fastened to the dissected stalks in all cases. There was no complication associated with polypectomy for 1 month.

Conclusion:
EBL-assisted polypectomy is an easy, safe, and effective technique to remove long-stalked pedunculated colonic polyps without postpolypectomy bleeding.