bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum concentrations of canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity and C‐reactive protein for monitoring disease progression in dogs with acute pancreatitis
Authors: Keany Kirstin M. , Fosgate Geoffrey T. , Perry Sean M. , Stroup Shannon T. , Steiner Joerg M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundReliable biomarkers for monitoring disease progression and management in dogs with acute pancreatitis have not been described.ObjectiveTo determine if serum concentrations of canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) can be used as biomarkers for disease progression in hospitalized dogs with acute pancreatitis.AnimalsThirteen hospitalized dogs with acute pancreatitis diagnosed based on clinical signs, serum cPLI concentrations, and imaging findings were enrolled.MethodsSerum cPLI and CRP concentrations were determined before and then daily during hospital management and 1 week after hospital discharge. Modified canine activity index (MCAI) and canine acute pancreatitis clinical severity index (CAPCSI) scores were calculated daily for each patient while hospitalized.ResultsThe MCAI scores (P = .03) but not CAPCSI scores (P = .31) were significantly different between dogs that survived to discharge (n = 11) and those that did not (n = 2). Serum cPLI concentration was positively correlated with MCAI (rho = 0.42;P = .01). Serum CRP concentration also was positively correlated with the MCAI (rho = 0.42,P = .01).ConclusionsSerum cPLI and possibly CRP could be used as objective biomarkers for clinical changes in hospitalized dogs with acute pancreatitis. Additional studies involving larger numbers of dogs would be warranted to evaluate the broader impact of these findings.
Adverse events as potential predictive factors of activity in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with lenvatinib
Authors: Rapposelli Ilario Giovanni , Tada Toshifumi , Shimose Shigeo , Burgio Valentina , Kumada Takashi , Iwamoto Hideki , Hiraoka Atsushi , Niizeki Takashi , Atsukawa Masanori , Koga Hironori , Hirooka Masashi , Torimura Takuji , Iavarone Massimo , Tortora Raffaella , Campani Claudia , Lonardi Sara , Tamburini Emiliano , Piscaglia Fabio , Masi Gianluca , Cabibbo Giuseppe , Giuseppe Foschi Francesco , Silletta Marianna , Tsuji Kunihiko , Ishikawa Toru , Takaguchi Koichi , Kariyama Kazuya , Itobayashi Ei , Tajiri Kazuto , Shimada Noritomo , Shibata Hiroshi , Ochi Hironori , Yasuda Satoshi , Toyoda Hidenori , Fukunishi Shinya , Ohama Hideko , Kawata Kazuhito , Tani Joji , Nakamura Shinichiro , Nouso Kazuhiro , Tsutsui Akemi , Nagano Takuya , Tanaka Takaaki , Itokawa Norio , Okubo Tomomi , Arai Taeang , Imai Michitaka , Joko Kouji , Koizumi Yohei , Hiasa Yoichi , Rimini Margherita , Ratti Francesca , Aldrighetti Luca , Cascinu Stefano , Casadei‐Gardini Andrea 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and AimLenvatinib is a standard of care option in first‐line therapy of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, we aim to identify, in patients with HCC treated with lenvatinib, a possible association between occurrence and grading of adverse events (AEs) and outcome.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of 606 Japanese and Italian patients treated with lenvatinib in first‐line setting and investigated the possible correlation between the onset of AEs, toxicity grade (G) and outcome measures such as overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS).ResultsThe appearance of arterial hypertension G ≥ 2 independently predicted prolonged OS [hazard ratio (HR) 0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.46–0.93, P = .0188], whereas decreased appetite G ≥ 2 independently predicted decreased OS (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.25–2.32, P = .0007) by multivariate analysis. Appearance of hand‐foot skin reaction independently predicted prolonged PFS (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.56–0.93, P = .0149), whereas decreased appetite G ≥ 2 predicted decreased PFS (HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.04–1.77, P = .0277).ConclusionsOur main findings are that the occurrence of arterial hypertension G ≥ 2 is a predictor of longer survival, whereas decreased appetite G ≥ 2 predicts for a poor prognosis. A careful management of AEs under lenvatinib treatment for HCC is required, to improve patients’ quality of life, minimize the need for treatment discontinuation and achieve optimal outcome.
Increased incidence of rhino‐orbital mucormycosis in an educational therapeutic hospital during the COVID‐19 pandemic in western Iran: An observational study
Authors: Avatef Fazeli Manouchehr , Rezaei Leila , Javadirad Etrat , Iranfar Khosro , Khosravi Abbas , Amini Saman Javad , Poursabbagh Pardis , Ghadami Mohammad Rasoul , Parandin Mohammad Mehdi , Dehghani Amrollah , Ahmadi Jouybari Touraj , Mahdavian Behzad , Eivazi Nastaran , rezaei Sohbat , Rezaei Alireza , Emami Bashir , Haqgou Mohadeseh , Bozorgomid Arezoo , Sayad Babak 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 patients, especially the patients requiring hospitalisation, have a high risk of several complications such as opportunistic bacterial and fungal infections. Mucormycosis is a rare and opportunistic fungal infection that mainly affects diabetic and immunocompromised patients. An increase has been observed in the number of rhino‐orbital mucormycosis in patients with COVID‐19 admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital, Kermanshah, Iran, since October 2020. This is a report of the frequency, risk factors, clinical manifestations, treatment and prognosis of COVID‐19 associated with mucormycosis infection.MethodsThe medical records of COVID‐19 patients with rhino‐orbital mucormycosis who were diagnosed in an educational therapeutic hospital in Kermanshah, west of Iran were surveyed. Several parameters were analysed including demographic, clinical, therapeutic and laboratory characteristics.ResultsTwelve patients with COVID‐19–associated rhino‐orbital mucormycosis were identified from 12 October to 18 November 2020. All cases reported as proven mucormycosis had a history of hospitalisation due to COVID‐19. Comorbidities mainly included diabetes mellitus (83.33%) and hypertension (58.33%). Seventy‐five per cent of patients received corticosteroids for COVID‐ 19 treatment. The sites of involvement were rhino‐sino‐orbital (83%) and rhino‐sino (17%). Amphotericin B/liposomal amphotericin B alone or in combination with surgical debridement or orbital exenteration was used as the first‐line therapy. The overall mortality rate was 66.7% (8/12).ConclusionsWe found a high incidence of mucormycosis among COVID‐19 patients. Diabetes mellitus and corticosteroid use were the dominant predisposing factor of mucormycosis. Mucormycosis is a life‐threatening and opportunistic infection; therefore, physicians should know the signs and symptoms of the disease so that a timely diagnosis and therapy can be performed.
Endoparasitic plants and fungi show evolutionary convergence across phylogenetic divisions
Authors: Thorogood Chris J. , Teixeira‐Costa Luiza , Ceccantini Gregório , Davis Charles , Hiscock Simon J. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryEndoparasitic plants are the most reduced flowering plants, spending most of their lives as a network of filaments within the tissues of their hosts. Despite their extraordinary life form, we know little about their biology. Research into a few species has revealed unexpected insights, such as the total loss of plastome, the reduction of the vegetative phase to a proembryonic stage, and elevated information exchange between host and parasite. To consolidate our understanding, we review life history, anatomy, and molecular genetics across the four independent lineages of endoparasitic plants. We highlight convergence across these clades and a striking trans‐kingdom convergence in life history among endoparasitic plants and disparate lineages of fungi at the molecular and physiological levels. We hypothesize that parasitism of woody plants preselected for the endoparasitic life history, providing parasites a stable host environment and the necessary hydraulics to enable floral gigantism and/or high reproductive output. Finally, we propose a broader view of endoparasitic plants that connects research across disciplines, for example, pollen–pistil and graft incompatibility interactions and plant associations with various fungi. We shine a light on endoparasitic plants and their hosts as under‐explored ecological microcosms ripe for identifying unexpected biological processes, interactions and evolutionary convergence.
Collage autothanatographies
Authors: Drag Wojciech 
Published: July 2021

This article argues that David Markson’s four last works, often referred to as a quartet or a tetralogy (1996–2007), and Evan Lavender‐Smith’s From Old Notebooks (2010) can be classified as collage autothanatographies. Both authors construct their formally experimental books out of brief snippets that combine personal meditations on death with various facts, anecdotes, and self‐reflexive comments. What grants those fragmentary texts a degree of unity is their concern with mortality: the refrain “timor mortis conturbat me” reverberates throughout Markson’s tetralogy while Lavender‐Smith’s narrator announces that “death is the glue that holds the book together.” The article begins with an examination of the collage structure of both works. The formal analysis is followed by a discussion of the ways in which the works in question meet the generic criteria of both autobiography and autothanatography. The concluding part asserts the formal predisposition of collage to represent experiences of personal crisis such as an acute fear of death.
Seeking the spotlight: How reputational considerations shape the European Court of Auditor's shifting account‐holding role
Authors: Tidå Benjamin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe behavior of account‐holders has been a blind spot in the accountability literature. Relatively little is known about why account‐holders prioritize certain aspects of their account‐holding mandates and emphasize certain account‐holding tasks over others. A reputational perspective has the potential to fill this knowledge gap. This article illustrates how reputational considerations shape the ways in which account‐holders manage their account‐holding roles through a critical case study of the European Court of Auditor's shifting focus toward a more salient account‐holding role. Amid concerns about a lack of visibility, generating audience attention is found to be a central characteristic of this shift. The study demonstrates how reputational strategies for managing account‐holding roles depend on the reputational threats and audience expectations that account‐holders face in their environments. With a lack of visibility being a pressing reputational threat, the European Court of Auditors is accordingly shifting its account‐holding focus toward the spotlight.
THE demographics and trends in pediatric melanoma in the United States: An analysis of the National Cancer Database
Authors: Yousif Rame , Boull Christina , Gerami Pedram , Nardone Beatrice , Vivar Karina L. , Liszewski Walter 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveRelative to adults, rates of melanoma are lower in children. Due to its rarity, it is difficult to assess the incidence, trends, and outcomes of this malignancy. Much of our understanding comes from single institution or regional cancer registries which may not be large enough to detect subtleties in the burden of pediatric melanoma.MethodsData from the 2004 to 2016 National Cancer Database were analyzed; this database captures approximately 70% of all cancer diagnoses in the United States.ResultsOur analysis consisted of 1903 cases. A majority were White (89.8%), the mean age was 12.4 years, and the ratio of females: males was 1.2:1.0. The most common anatomic location was the trunk (31.1%). Between 2004 and 2016, a decreasing trend in the number of new melanoma cases was observed. Comparing histologic subtype by age, there was an increased percentage of nodular and epithelioid and spindle cell tumors in the pre‐teen children and a greater percentage of superficial spreading tumors in teenagers. Overall, a majority of cases were stage 0 or I (56.9%), with relatively few stage IV cases (2.0%). A 5‐year all‐cause survival of greater than 90% was observed for stage I‐III tumors, with stage IV tumors having a 5‐year all‐cause survival of 34.4%.ConclusionComparable to previous studies, pediatric melanoma occurred most often in Whites, females, and adolescents. However, we detected a decreasing trend in new cases, noted differences between histologic subtype and age, and observed a 5‐year all‐cause survival rate of greater than 90% for stage I‐III tumors.
Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis due to Epstein‐Barr virus infection in a neonate
Authors: Kaplan Fatih , Topal Erdem 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAcute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is an uncommon inflammatory subcorneal pustular dermatosis typically caused by exposure to a medication. Several viral infections have also been implicated in its development. We describe herein a rare case of AGEP associated with acute Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection in a neonate.
Budgetary changes and organizational performance: Evidence from state transportation agencies
Authors: Chen Can , Flink Carla M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractExisting punctuated equilibrium theory (PET) literature identifies the causes of policy punctuations. However, there are a lack of theoretical and empirical studies on the effects of policy punctuations on organizational performance. This study extends PET from policy formulation to policy outcomes and explores how public agencies transfer budgetary inputs to organizational performance outcomes in the policy context of American state highway transportation infrastructure. Based on a longitudinal research design, the research employs a panel two‐way fixed effects regression model to analyze the performance consequences of budgetary changes for 50 states during an almost 20‐year period (1995–2013). The key findings indicate that state expenditure (highway maintenance) changes experience much more friction and volatility over time than performance (acceptable roads) changes. In addition, state highway transportation agencies can mitigate the impact of large budgetary cuts on organizational performance, but do not seem to capitalize on large budgetary gains to improve performance.
Investigating the effect of losses and gains on effortful engagement during an incentivized Go/NoGo task through anticipatory cortical oscillatory changes
Authors: Byrne Adam , Hewitt Danielle , Henderson Jessica , Newton‐Fenner Alice , Roberts Hannah , Tyson‐Carr John , Fallon Nick , Giesbrecht Timo , Stancak Andrej 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLosses usually have greater subjective value (SV) than gains of equal nominal value but often cause a relative deterioration in effortful performance. Since losses and gains induce differing approach/avoidance behavioral tendencies, we explored whether incentive type interacted with approach/avoidance motor‐sets. Alpha‐ and beta‐band event‐related desynchronization (ERD) was hypothesized to be weakest when participants expected a loss and prepared an inhibitory motor‐set, and strongest when participants expected a gain and prepared an active motor‐set. It was also hypothesized that effort would modulate reward and motor‐set–related cortical activation patterns. Participants completed a cued Go/NoGo task while expecting a reward (+10p), avoiding a loss (−10p), or receiving no incentive (0p); and while expecting a NoGo cue with a probability of either .75 or .25. Pre‐movement alpha‐ and beta‐band EEG power was analyzed using the ERD method, and the SV of effort was evaluated using a cognitive effort discounting task. Gains incentivized faster RTs and stronger preparatory alpha band ERD compared to loss and no incentive conditions, while inhibitory motor‐sets resulted in significantly weaker alpha‐band ERD. However, there was no interaction between incentive and motor‐sets. Participants were more willing to expend effort in losses compared to gain trials, although the SV of effort was not associated with ERD patterns or RTs. Results suggest that incentive and approach/avoidance motor tendencies modulate cortical activations prior to a speeded RT movement independently, and are not associated with the economic value of effort. The present results favor attentional explanations of the effect of incentive modality on effort.
Effect of initial planting on vegetation establishment in different depth zones of constructed farm ponds
Authors: Choi Ho , Kim Heung‐Tae , Nam Bo Eun , Bae Yeon Jae , Kim Jae Geun 
Published: July 2021

Farm ponds can be constructed and maintained to improve biodiversity and ecosystem functions in agricultural landscapes. Understanding the initial establishment process of vegetation in different water depths and effects of initial planting on this process is important for pond restoration. In the present study, two experimental farm ponds with or without initial planting were monitored for 5 years after their construction. These two ponds maintained high nutrients over 5 years from the beginning. The unplanted pond showed a rapid vegetation establishment and had more species and higher percent vegetation cover in 2–3 years than the reference pond. Planting accelerated this process by 1 year. Most of the early established species appeared to have originated from seed banks and/or seed rains. The species and functional diversity tended to decrease consistently since pond construction in the planted pond but increase initially and then decrease in the unplanted pond. The time when species composition between the unplanted pond and the planted pond became similar was delayed with the increase of water depth. Four years after pond construction, species composition was similar between the two ponds at all water depths. These results suggest that vegetation can establish quickly in farm ponds with fertile conditions and abundant seed sources through natural recolonization. The restoration approach for a farm pond should be decided considering the allowed time to success and the water depth. If the main goal of farm pond restoration is to improve species diversity, management practices may be more important than planting.
Grassland plant community response to interacting disturbances and temporal variability
Authors: Andrade Bianca O. , Dallmann Josiah D. , Volesky Jerry D. , Schacht Walter H. , Guretzky John A. 
Published: July 2021

Knowledge of disturbance interactions is fundamental to improved understanding of plant community dynamics and the development of management practices aimed at increasing resilience of grassland ecosystems. In this study, we evaluated grassland responses to multiple disturbance interactions in a series of 2‐year, randomized complete block experiments repeated in 2016 and 2017 in the Nebraska Sandhills, mixed‐grass prairie. Soil type was a Valentine fine sand (mixed, mesic Ustipsamments). Each experiment contained a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of soil disturbance (no soil disturbance, soil disturbance with no seed, and soil disturbance with forb seeding), water addition (water, no water), and fire treatments (fire, no fire). In both experiments, fire had the most prominent impact on plant community composition and biomass. Fire increased bare ground and reduced canopy cover of annual plants in the first year. However, annual plants recovered in the second year. Forbs, especially marestail (Conyza canadensis), were most significantly affected by fire. Other plant groups, including warm‐ and cool‐season grasses, natives and exotics, and so on, varied in cover and biomass in response to interacting disturbances and temporal variability. Forb seedling establishment was negatively affected by temporal variability in weather patterns. Differences in plant community response between experiments were likely due to drought in 2017. Overall, the plant community showed resilience to the multiple disturbance interactions. We did not see evidence of large or non‐linear changes in plant community structure over the short term in these grasslands.
Parental emotion coaching moderates the effects of family stress on internalizing symptoms in middle childhood and adolescence
Authors: Lobo Frances M. , Lunkenheimer Erika , Lucas‐Thompson Rachel G. , Seiter Natasha S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe present study examined the moderating effects of parental meta‐emotion philosophy on the relation between family stress and youth internalizing symptoms. A two‐study approach was applied to explore these relations in socioeconomically diverse samples with respect to a self‐reported parental emotion coaching (EC) and parental emotion dismissing (ED) meta‐emotion philosophy in Study 1 (N = 153; youth ages 10–17 years; 52% female; 49% White, 26% multiracial, 17% African American, 6% Asian American, 1% Latinx, and 1% American Indian) and observed parental EC and ED behaviors in whole‐family interactions in Study 2 (N = 82; youth ages 8–11.75 years; 52% female; 57% White, 22% African American, 19% multiracial, and 2% Asian). Across both studies, EC was a buffer such that positive associations between family stress and youth internalizing symptoms were only present when parental EC philosophy or EC behaviors were lower. Additionally, in Study 1, more EC was protective: the relation between family stress and youth internalizing symptoms was negative when parental EC philosophy was higher. Findings suggest parental EC buffers youth internalizing symptoms from the detrimental effects of family stress. Therefore, the inclusion of family‐level risk processes and the effects of both parental beliefs and observed parenting behaviors can inform research on youth psychosocial adjustment.
Adolescents’ and emerging adults’ reminisces about emotions in the context of disclosing, concealing, and lying to parents
Authors: Smetana Judith G. , Wainryb Cecilia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe present study examined early and middle adolescents’ and emerging adults’ emotions associated with salient experiences of disclosure, concealment, and lying to parents about their routine activities. US middle class youth (n = 131; Ms = 12.74, 15.81, 20.40 years, respectively) recalled a time they disclosed, concealed, and lied to parents; using directed questions, participants were asked to recall their emotions when the events happened and in thinking about the events now. Youth reported more relief but also more distress and anxiety when reminiscing about the time they disclosed than they reported at present, whereas they reported more happiness at present than when they disclosed. Youth reported more undifferentiated negative emotions and more guilt—but unexpectedly, also less shame—when reminiscing about the time they concealed and lied than they reported at present; emerging adults reported more guilt than did early and middle adolescents, but only when reflecting on their past experience and not when considering their guilt about that experience now. Middle adolescent females recalled more anxiety and distress when they lied than did either same‐age males or older females. Findings shed light on the role of emotions in disclosure, concealment and lying and their implications for self, identity, and moral development.