bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of the Distribution, Scope, and Impact of Community Pharmacy Foundation Grants Completed by Academic Principal Investigators between 2002 and 2014
Authors: Isetts Brian , Olson Anthony W , Kondic Anne Marie , Schommer Jon 
Published: February 2021

Objective: From a total of 107 grants, a subset evaluation of 58 grants awarded to and completed by pharmacy faculty by the Community Pharmacy Foundation (CPF) from 2002 through 2014 was conducted to: (a) evaluate the representativeness across principal investigator (PI) academic institutions, (b) compare the scope of CPF grants completed by academic PIs across time, and (c) compare the impact of CPF grants completed by academic PIs across time.
Methods: Quantitative data for all 107 CPF grants awarded between 2002 and 2014 were obtained from the CPF website and CPF personnel. Qualitative ethnographic data was generated from principal investigator (PI) interviews by email communications. All 107 grants, including a subset of 58 grants awarded to pharmacy faculty, were analyzed and compared between ‘Initial Years’ (2002-2008) and ‘Recent Years’ (2009-2014) using descriptive statistics for quantitative data and an extraction of dominant themes from PI reflections for qualitative data.
Results: In the initial years (2002-2008), 54% of grants awarded to pharmacy faculty were from public academic institutions. This proportion increased to 80% in recent years (2009-2014). In recent years, pharmacy faculty projects were increasingly focused on higher AHRQ Impact Categories, such as changing policies and programs, clinical care and practice patterns, and health outcomes (AHRQ Impact Levels 2-4), rather than simply adding to the knowledge base (Impact Level 1). Academic investigators reported that funding positively influenced practice development (59%), promotion & advancement (59%), and expanded collaborations (38%). Diverse geographic representation of funding recipients was achieved.
Conclusions: CPF funding has been invaluable for investigators seeking experience securing grant funding. And the impact of CPF funding has transitioned from studies that add to the knowledge base only, toward studies that effect actual health outcomes or that profoundly change practice.
Conflict of Interest
Anne Marie Kondic is Executive Director and Grants Administrator for the Community Pharmacy Foundation.

Type: Original Research
Liability within the scope of Cloud Computing services
Authors: Chałubińska-Jentkiewicz Katarzyna 
Published: February 2021

The issue of acquiring large amounts of data and creating large sets of digital data, and then processing and analyzing them (Big Data) for the needs of generating artificial intelligence (AI) solutions is one of the key challenges to the development of economy and national security. Data have become a resource that will determine the power and geopolitical and geoeconomic position of countries and regions in the 21st century.The layout of data storage and processing in distributed databases has changed in recent years. Since the appearance of hosting services in the range of ICT services, we are talking about a new type of ASP (Applications Service Providers) – provision of the ICT networks as part of an application). Cloud Computing is therefore one of the versions of the ASP services. The ASP guarantees the customer access to a dedicated application running on a server. Cloud Computing, on the other hand, gives the opportunity to use theresources of a shared infrastructure for many users simultaneously (Murphy n.d.). The use of the CC model is more effective in many aspects. Cloud Computing offers the opportunity to use three basic services: data storage in the cloud (cloud storage), applications in the cloud (cloud applications) and computing in the cloud (compute cloud). Website hosting and electronic mail are still the most frequently chosen services in Cloud Computing. The article attempts to explain the responsibility for content stored in the Cloud Computing.
Aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e olfatórios de pacientes com COVID-19
Authors: Seto Igor Isamu Couceiro , Koury Gisele Vieira Hennemann , Gomes Vanessa Coutinho Aguiar , E Silva Luigi Ferreira , Umbelino Amanda Martins , Yamaguchi Cíntia Tizue , Ferreira Dyana Barbosa 
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e olfatórios de pacientes com suspeita/confirmados para COVID-19. Métodos: Estudo transversal, analítico e descritivo, realizado no segundo semestre de 2020, no setor de medicina do trabalho em um complexo hospitalar universitário, em uma cidade do estado do Pará, nos pacientes com suspeita ou confirmação de COVID-19, os quais passaram por uma consulta médica, preenchimento do protocolo de pesquisa e pelo teste olfatório ProFono, no qual se testaram nove aromas diferentes e uma posterior soma dos acertos. Resultados: O gênero feminino foi predominante afetado (79%); com faixa etária média de 42 anos. A maioria dos pacientes realizou algum exame diagnóstico para COVID (91%) e com resultado positivo (91%). Os sintomas mais prevalentes foram cefaleia, tosse e obstrução nasal. Anosmia foi a alteração olfatória mais incidente (63%). A azitromicina foi o medicamento mais prescrito para o tratamento (71%). Não houve diferença estatística entre os pacientes com anosmia, hiposmia ou sem alteração olfativa na pontuação total do teste olfatório, tampouco mudanças na história natural da doença com os tratamentos propostos. Conclusão: A COVID-19 apresenta sintomas diversificados e grande prevalência de alterações olfatórias que,devido seu grande impacto no cotidiano, deve ser investigada nos portadores desta doença.
Myths about dentistry among rural population in Tiruchengode
Authors: Raveena M. , Tusmitha R. G. , Prakash R. 
Published: February 2021

Objectives:
Myths are used to convey religious or idealized experience and to establish behavioural models. Due to false traditional beliefs and non-scientific knowledge people have myths about dentistry. The aim of this study is to assess the myths prevalent among the population in two villages near Tiruchegode in Tamilnadu.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in a sample of 310 rural residents. The questionnaire consisted of 15 closed ended questions on demographic details and myths regarding dentistry.

Results:
The study results showed about 65.7% of subjects agreed that placing cloves or chewing tobacco relieves pain due to decay. Majority of the study population (67.5%) considered that it is better to extract the tooth rather than saving it. More than half of the study subjects (51.2%) agreed that dental treatment and visit to dentist should be avoided during pregnancy. Around 34.3% of people believed that extraction of teeth in the upper jaw caused loss of vision.

Conclusion:
The findings of the study showed the prevalence of various myths regarding dentistry and dental treatment is present among rural population in two villages near Tiruchengode. It is the duty of the dentist to create awareness among rural population to mitigate the myths prevailing about dentistry.
A new device for bone cranial flap fixation: Technical note and surgical remarks. A multicentric experience
Authors: Piccirilli Manolo , Spena Giannantonio , Marchese Enrico , Tropeano Maria Pia , Santoro Antonio 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Fixation of bone flaps after craniotomy is a routine part of every neurosurgical procedure. The ideal fixation device should be safe, reliable, biologically inert, easy to use, and inexpensive and should not produce artifacts on neuroimaging. The authors describe a new device that meets these criteria.

Methods:
This is an observational, multicentric, and case series study of 56 patients who underwent a craniotomy and were subject to cranial bone flap fixation with the NT cranial small fixation system. A case–control group in whom titanium miniplates and screws were implanted was collected. All patients underwent CT scans of the head with 3D reconstruction at day 1 and day 90 postoperatively to evaluate bone flap position and fusion.

Results:
A total of 140 NT cranial small were implanted in 56 patients (mean age 44.2, range 22–63 years). The new device has shown stronger fixation qualities with optimal bone flap fusion and good cosmetic features. No surgical or relevant postsurgical follow-up complications have been associated with the device.

Conclusion:
Although this is a preliminary report in a relatively small number of patients, NT cranial small provides a safe, reliable, and easily applied postoperative cranial bone flap fixation system.
NEW EXPERIMENT IN KATHAK DANCE: ANALYTICAL STUDY
Authors: Grover Bhavna 
Published: February 2021

Indian classical dance has been a huge and rich tradition since the beginning of Kathak. With the change of time from the beginning, there were new experiments in Kathak dance and dance also changed. By the time of the sixteenth century, which we know as the ritual period, Kathak dance had the influence of Ram and Krishna devotion and Ram and Krishna leelas were the mainstay of Kathak dance. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, when the Kathak dancers received the patronage of the Nawabo and the states and new experiments in Kathak dance resulted in many changes. Kathak was a satvic form of dance for Hindu kings and Muslim Nawabs, who were naturally adorned and luxuries, became adorned here as Kathak. In the nineteenth century, on the basis of style and lineage, three styles of Kathak dance developed as Gharanas, which are known as Jaipur Gharana, Lucknow Gharana and Banaras Gharana. Another obsolete gharana, the Raigad gharana developed under the patronage of Raja Chakradhar Singh of Raigad. Different styles of each household were distinguished according to the region and nature of the kings. Until that time, Kathak was traditionally performed in every household and dances based on mythology were performed as a new experiment. After the development of the dharnas, the main changes came in the side of Kathak. At that time, new uses of Kathak developed such as Salami, Aamad and Thumri, Dadra etc. in acting instead of Pramanam.
भारतीय शास्त्रीय नृत्य कथक की आरंभ से ही एक विशाल व समृद्ध परम्परा रही है। प्रारंभ से ही समय परिवर्तन के साथ-साथ कथक नृत्य में नवीन प्रयोग होते रहे और नृत्य परिवर्तित भी होता गया। सोलहवीं शताब्दी जिसे हम रीति-काल के नाम से पहचानते है उस समय तक कथक नृत्य पर राम व कृष्ण भक्ति का प्रभाव था तथा राम व कृष्ण लीलाओं ही कत्थक नृत्य का मुख्य आधार थी। सत्र्ाहवीं व अठारहवीं शताब्दी में जब कथक नर्तको को नवाबो व राज्यों का संरक्षण प्राप्त हुआ और कथक नृत्य में नये प्रयोग हुए फलतः अनेक परिवर्तन आये। हिन्दु राजाओं के यहाँ कथक नृत्य का सात्विक रूप रहा और मुस्लिम नवाबों जो स्वभावतः श्रृंगारप्रिय व विलासिता पूर्ण थे, यहाँ पर कथक का स्वरुप श्रृंगारिक बना। शैली व वंशावली के आधार पर उन्नीसवी सदी में कथक नृत्य की तीन शैलियाँ, घरानों के रूप में विकसित हुई जो जयपुर घराना, लखनऊ घराना व बनारस घराना के रूप में जाने जाते है। एक अन्य अप्रचलित घराना, रायगढ़ घराना जो रायगढ़ के राजा चक्रधर सिंह के संरक्षण में विकसित हुआ। प्रत्येक घराने की भिन्न-भिन्न शैली उस क्षेत्र व राजाओं के स्वभाव के अनुसार प्रतिष्ठित हुई। उस समय तक प्रत्येक घराने में कथक की प्रस्तुति परम्परागत रूप से की जाती थी और पौराणिक कथाओं पर आधारित नृत्य नवीन प्रयोग के रूप में किये जाते थे। धरानों के विकसित होने पर मुख्य परिवर्तन कथक के नृत्त पक्ष में आ गये। उस समय कथक के नवीन प्रयोग विकसित हुए जैसे- प्रणाम के टुकडे के स्थान पर सलामी, आमद व अभिनय में ठुमरी, दादरा आदि का प्रचलन हुआ।
INNOVATIVE RECIPROCITY IN INDIAN AND WESTERN MUSIC
Authors: Dubey Sasikala 
Published: February 2021

At present, increasing steps of innovation are being reflected in almost every field globally. Innovative experiments are being done in the field of music, due to which various concepts related to music are giving a living momentum.There was also a time when the distinction between Indian and Western music was said to be that the listeners of Indian music shook the heads of the listeners while the westerners heard the feet of the listeners. The same belief is still prevalent among the well-known siblings of music. But from the point of view of joint creativity, it gets its own opinion. The innovations in music have also knocked on the minds of traditional listeners, consequently, innovation has awakened the reciprocal sensation of the mutual audience of music towards the modern form of music.
वर्तमान समय में वैश्विक स्तर पर प्रायः हर क्षेत्र में नवाचार के बढ़ते कदम परिलक्षित हो रहे हैं। संगीत के क्षेत्र में नवाचार को लेकर नवीन प्रयोग हो रहे हैं, जिससे संगीत विषयक विभिन्न धारणाओं को जीवन्त गति मिल रही है।एक समय ऐसा भी था कि जब भारतीय और पाश्चात्य संगीत के मध्य भेद को लेकर कहा जाता था कि भारतीय संगीत को सुनने वाले श्रोताओं के सिर हिला करते हैं जबकि पाश्चात्य संगीत को सुनने वालों के पैर हिला करते हैं। संगीत के पारखी सुधीजनों के बीच आज भी यही मान्यता स्थिर है। लेकिन प्रयोग की दृष्टि से संयुक्त सृजनात्मकता अपनी बात को मनवा ही लेती है। संगीत में आये नवाचार ने भी पारम्परिक श्रोताओं के मस्तिष्क पर दस्तकें दी हैं, फलस्वरूप नवाचार के कारण संगीत के आधुनिक स्वरूप के प्रति भी संगीत के पारस्परिक श्रोताओं का रागात्मक संवेदन जागा है।99
POSSIBLE DIRECTIONS FOR CHANGE IN MUSIC COURSE (WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DEVI AHILYA UNIVERSITY)
Authors: Vad Suvarna 
Published: February 2021

It is necessary to analyze each and every point of the subject while proposing the topic presented, such as why change in the curriculum of music? And why special reference to Devi Ahilya University? Having completed my entire education at Devi Ahilya University, I have been in touch with the vocabulary course for the last 36 years. The curriculum of D.A.V.V.'s music course remained the same for many years, but with the introduction of subjects like computer and commerce in girls colleges, there was a change in the thinking of the students. Earlier, the number of female students in the Faculty of Arts was very appreciable, but gradually the students started taking commerce and computer subjects. The reason for this was the employment of these subjects. Due to comparatively higher employment prospects in these subjects, it was natural for the students to take admission in these subjects. Gradually, the number of female students in the Faculty of Arts has reduced and in it also the fine arts like music, painting, etc. have become more and less.
प्रस्तुत विषय की प्रस्तावना करते समय विषय के प्रत्येक बिन्दु का विश्लेषण करना आवश्यक है जैसे संगीत के पाठ्यक्रम में परिवर्तन क्यों? तथा देवी अहिल्या विश्व विद्यालय का विशेष संदर्भ क्यों? मेरी सम्पूर्ण शिक्षा देवी अहिल्या विश्वविद्यालय में होने , मैं गत 36 वर्षों से कंठ संगीत के पाठ्यक्रम के सम्पर्क में हूँ। दे.अ.वि.वि का कंठ संगीत का पाठ्यक्रम कई वर्षों तक एक समान ही रहा परन्तु कम्प्यूटर एवं कॉमर्स जैसे विषयों के कन्या महाविद्यालयों में पदार्पण होने से छात्राओं की सोच में परिवर्तन आया। पूर्व में कला संकाय में छात्राओं की संख्या काफी सराहनीय होती थी परन्तु धीरे धीरे छात्राओं ने कॉमर्स एवं कम्प्यूटर विषय लेने शुरू किए। इसका कारण इन विषयों का रोजगारोन्मुख होना था। रोजगार की सम्भावनाएँ इन विषयों में तुलनात्मक रूप से अधिक होने से छात्राओं का इन विषयों में प्रवेश लेना स्वाभाविक था। कला संकाय में धीरे धीरे छात्राओं की संख्या कम हो गई है और उसमें भी ललित कला जैसे संगीत,चित्रकला आदि में और भी कम होती गई।
KELAYAKAN USAHA BUDIDAYA KOPI CIBULAO DALAM PROGRAM PENGELOLAAN HUTAN BERSAMA MASYARAKAT
Authors: Hidayat Aceng , Dharmawan Arya Had , Pramudita Danang 
Published: February 2021

Program Pengelolaan Hutan Bersama Masyarakat (PHBM) merupakan suatu program pengelolaan sumberdaya hutan yang dilakukan bersama oleh Perum Perhutani dan Kelompok Tani Hutan (KTH) Cibulao Hijau berdasarkan Surat Keputusan Perhutani Nomor 682/KPTS/DIR/2009. Program ini dilakukan untuk mengatasi permasalahan pencurian tegakan pada kawasan hutan lindung disekitar Kampung Cibulao. KTH Cibulao Hijau memanfaatkan kawasan semak belukar di hutan menjadi lahan untuk ditanami tanaman kopi. Program PHBM ini memberikan manfaat kepada masyarakat Kampung Cibulao dalam aspek ekonomi, sosial dan lingkungan. Berdasarkan hasil persepsi masyarakat Cibulao terhadap manfaat program PHBM menggunakan skala likert menunjukan bahwa program ini telah memberikan perubahan yang lebih baik. Masyarakat juga telah merasakan manfaat baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung walaupun manfaat yang dirasakan belum cukup merata kepada seluruh masyarakat cibulao. Budidaya kopi Cibulao yang dijalankan oleh KTH Cibulao Hijau menunjukan bahwa program ini layak secara finansial maupun ekonomi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menggunakan metode Cost and Benefit Analysis dengan kriteria NPV, Net B/C, dan IRR menunjukan bahwa program PHBM ini secara finansial dan ekonomi layak untuk dijalankan.
PEMBUATAN SILIKA DARI ABU BOILER KELAPA SAWIT SEBAGAI MATERIAL KATODA UDARA PADA BATERAI LOGAM UDARA
Authors: Andrian Romi , Ningrum Rizqi Lestari , Mardiah Mardiah 
Published: February 2021

Baterai logam udara merupakan salah satu sumber energi baru yang memiliki nilai energi yang tinggi. Komponen-komponen nya yaitu elektroda (katoda dan anoda) dan elektrolit. Anoda yang di gunakan pada penelitian ini adalah alumunium dan katoda udara yang digunakan adalah silika dari abu boiler pabrik kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui performa dari silika sebagai material katoda udara dengan variasi anoda serta elektrolit yang digunakan. Metodologi penelitian ini meliputi persiapan anoda dari alumunium lalu pembuatan silika dari abu boiler sebagai katoda, lalu perakitan baterai dengan susunan berlapis yaitu alumunium, kertas saring, silika dan larutan elektrolit kemudian di lakukan pengukuran kuat arus dan tegangan dengan alat multimeter. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah hasil pengukuran tegangan listrik dan kuat arus dengan multimeter menunjukkan bahwa variasi jenis larutan elektrolit yang paling besar adalah pada larutan elektrolit NaOH dengan nilai tegangan listrik paling tinggi 1,26 volt pada berat silika 3 gram dan konsentrasi elektrolit 1 M, dan nilai kuat arus paling tinggi pada larutan elektrolit HCl yaitu sebesar 5,17 mA pada silika 1 gram dengan konsentrasi elektrolit 3 M. Kata Kunci : Baterai logam udara, katoda udara, silika, abu boiler, elektrolit
Penerapan Teorema Bayes dalam Sistem Pakar Anggrek Hitam
Authors: Widians Joan Angelina , Puspitasari Novianti , Putri Aji Ayu Muvita 
Published: February 2021

Anggrek hitam (Ceologyne Pandurata) merupakan tanaman khas dan sebagai maskot flora provinsi Kalimantan Timur dengan nama lokal “Kersik Luai”. Penelitian ini mengembangkan sistem pakar anggrek hitam di Kalimantan Timur dilengkapi dengan basis pengetahuan dalam identifikasi hama, gejala dan jenis penyakit serta karakteristik budidaya anggrek hitam sebagai upaya pelestarian keanekaragaman hayati Kalimantan Timur. Metode penyelesaian masalah yang digunakan adalah Teorema Bayes. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh 4 (empat) hama yang mengganggu anggrek hitam yaitu siput telanjang, ulat, belalang dan semut, serta diperoleh 4 (empat) penyakit yang menyerang anggrek hitam yaitu penyakit bercak coklat, penyakit layu fusarium, penyakit busuk lunak dan penyakit busuk akar.
Sistem Informasi Penyewaan Dan Penjualan Pada Darmo Music Studio
Authors: Maulana Sampras Akhmad , Dengen Nataniel , Hairah Ummul 
Published: February 2021

Kebutuhan akan suatu sistem informasi mencangkup hampir di segala ruang lingkup kehidupan tidak terkecuali dalam industry Penyewaan Studio Musik. Setiap industri, instansi, organisasi maupun individu sangat membutuhkan informasi yang akurat, cepat, dan relevan. Darmo Music Studio (DMS) adalah salah satu usaha jasa yang bergerak dalam sektor penyewaan studio musik dan penjualan alat musik yang berada di kota Samarinda. Darmo Music Studio (DMS) berdiri pada tahun 2006. Tujuan dibuat sistem penjualan ini adalah agar penyewaan dan penjualan dapat dilakukan secara Realtime dengan memanfaatkan jaringan internet. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode observasi yang dilakukan dengan mendatangi langsung Darmo Music Studio. Metode perancangan Sistem ini dibuat dengan metode waterfall, CD (Context Diagram), DFD (Data Flow Diagram) dan ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram) dengan menggunakan HTML dan framework Laravel yang merupakan framework berbasis PHP. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah berupa Sistem Informasi penyewaan dan penjualan berbasis Web.
Pelatihan Tehnik Pemanduan Dan Pembuatan Paket Wisata Sebagai Suatu Kemasan Atraksi Wisata Pada Desa Pela, Kecamatan Kota Bangun Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara
Authors: Noor Muhammad Fauzan , Tulili Tien Rahayu , Iswandari Rini Koen 
Published: February 2021

Desa Pela terletak di Kecamatan Kota Bangun, Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara, merupakan suatu desa yang didiami oleh etnis Banjar. Potensi Alam yang terdapat di desa ini sangat menarik untuk dikunjungi. Kita bisa menyaksikan Sunset di Tanjung Tamanoh, Hewan langka Mamalia pesut yang sering muncul di perairan danau Semayang dekat desa Pela. Ada pula Habitat Bekantan, ada pula atraksi ski air yang ditarik dengan kapal motor ces, kita juga bisa melihat Museum Pela serta olahan khas dari ikan sungai. Desa Pela sangat membutuhkan Sumber daya manusia yang terlatih dalam memberikan pelayanan kepada para wisatawan, baik dari segi bahasa dalam berkomunikasi maupun dalam tehnik pemanduan dalam setiap kegiatan kunjungan dari wisatawan. Mereka belum memiliki teknik memandu yang benar sehingga kurang mampu menjelaskan serta memberi petunjuk tentang potensi kepariwisataan yang ada ditempat mereka. Hal ini membuat potensi yang ada disekitar mereka tidak dapat di maksimalkan. Target / luaran dari hasil yang diinginkan adalah masyarakat mampu menjadi pemandu wisata yang baik sehingga mampu melayani para wisatawan yang datang ketempat mereka. Serta membuat paket wisata yang menampilkan potensi yang ada di Desa Pela akan membuat para calon pengunjung tertarik untuk mampir dan berkunjung kesana. Hal ini tentu saja diharapkan dapat membantu pendapatan masyarakat setempat dari sisi ekonomi.
Pengaruh Konsep Diri dan Percaya Diri terhadap Kemampuan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis
Authors: Rohmat Aziz Nur , Lestari Witri 
Published: February 2021

<p><em>Research was conducted at SMA Negeri 16 Jakarta with the aim of research to know the influence of self-concept and confident in the ability of critical thinking mathematically. The study method in the form of correlational surveys with double regression analysis. The research used is by classifying the concept of self and confident each student who will be attributed to the ability of critical thinking mathematically. After conducting research and analyzing data, the researchers finally can withdraw that: 1) There are significant positive influences of self-concept and self-confidence together against the student's mathematical critical thinking ability, 2) There is an insignificant positive influence on the self-concept of the student's mathematical critical thinking ability, and 3) there is an insignificant positive influence of confidence in the students mathematical critical thinking ability.</em></p>
Literasi Matematika dalam Menyambut PISA 2021 Berdasarkan Kecakapan Abad 21
Authors: Habibi Habibi , Suparman Suparman 
Published: February 2021

<p>Salah satu kecakapan yang diperlukan di era global adalah literasi matematika. Literasi matematika merujuk pada kemampuan individu untuk memformulasikan, menggunakan, dan menginterpretasikan matematika dalam berbagai konteks dengan penguasaan teknologi informasi. Penilaian literasi matematika siswa usia 15 tahun secara internasional diukur melalui PISA (<em>Programme for International Student Assessment</em>)<em> </em>yang diselenggarakan oleh OECD (<em>Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development</em>). Dalam menyambut PISA 2021 mengasah kemampuan bernalar siswa dapat dilakukan dengan pembiasaan menemukan solusi dari soal-soal tes yang mengukur kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi.</p>