bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Events management as a community of practice
Authors: Brown Tim , Stokes Peter 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThis paper examines events management as a Community of Practice (CoP) and to demonstrate that knowledge management and practice within events operate as a CoP. The paper adds to the events management literature which is currently superficial in considering events conceptually as a CoP.Design/methodology/approachAn interpretive and inductive approach was adopted for the research which incorporated quantitative and qualitative methods undertaken in a United Kingdom setting. Twenty-five in-depth semi-structured interviews with event professionals were conducted and this was complemented by a survey of 215 event professionals.FindingsThe findings demonstrate that within the evolving events industry, as well as reflected in aspects of the academic literature, events can be depicted as a “domain” which connects event professionals to a “community”. The themes emerging revealed that there are modes of working, shared values and practices, a shared identity and a desire to work as a wider collective in order to maintain and enhance knowledge and practice, which are in keeping with a CoP framework.Research limitations/implicationsThis study provides new insight on an under-researched area concerning knowledge and practice development within events management.Originality/valueThis is a novel study that considers how the emergent field of events management should be considered as a CoP. It addresses a gap in the literature pertaining to knowledge and practice creation within events management from a CoP perspective.
The Hole in the Centre: A Comment on Lowe and Pemberton, The Official History of the British Civil Service, Volume II: 1982–1997
Authors: Rutter Jill 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article looks at Prime Ministers’ attempts to reform their operation in Number Ten and their relationship with the Cabinet Office in response to frustrations they encounter trying to drive their policy agenda from the centre. Prime Ministers have developed new institutions to bolster their meagre resources in Number Ten. There is particular focus on the experience of John Major in trying to push his Citizen's Charter. It notes how resistant departments were to many of the changes. Finally the article discusses recent changes in Boris Johnson's Number Ten that marked the brief tenure of Dominic Cummings and his clear centralising mission.
Survivor narratives of the Oklahoma City bombing: The story over time
Authors: Dang Christine M. , Lee Min Hyung , Nguyen Anna Marie , Diduck Alexandra , Villareal Ariel , Simic Zorica , Pollio David E. , North Carol S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe growing disaster psychiatry research literature has focused on posttraumatic stress disorder, producing little insight into subjective disaster experience. Qualitative research, especially narrative analysis, may provide in‐depth exploration of individual disaster experience and efforts to make meaning of it. Disaster narratives were collected from a random sample of 182 Oklahoma City bombing survivors 6 months after the disaster and again from 141 survivors nearly 1 year later. These narratives were examined for the evolution of recurring themes and their content over time. The content followed a natural time structure, encompassing phases of the bombing experience that were organized into three overarching categories containing individual themes: (a) experience of the bomb blast including themes of sensory experience and cognitions, (b) immediate aftermath including themes of structural damage, helping others, escape and physical injury, and (c) later reflections. The general content and focus of the narratives changed minimally between the baseline and follow‐up interviews, but there was considerable compression of detail in the follow‐up interviews. Narrative details demonstrating consistency across time may represent the most salient meaning derived from the disaster experience. These findings have potential applicability to therapeutic interventions for working with survivors of terrorism and other disasters.
Novel habitat associations and seasonality in threatened Mitchell’s water monitors (Varanus mitchelli): Implications for conservation
Authors: de Laive Alana , Schembri Brendan , Jolly Chris J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMitchell’s water monitors (Varanus mitchelli) are a small to medium‐sized (<1 m TL) Australian varanid lizard endemic to northern Western Australia and the Northern Territory, extending just into north‐western Queensland. They are a semi‐aquatic, semi‐arboreal monitor, typically thought of as being associated with freshwater riparian habitats. Following the arrival of cane toads (Rhinella marina) across their distribution, V. mitchelli were observed to have suffered precipitous population declines and local extinctions due to lethal toxic ingestion of toads. Here, we present observations of V. mitchelli from previously unreported saline and brackish habitats, as well as information on the cryptic behaviour and seasonal activity of this threatened species in Darwin, Northern Territory. Currently, because V. mitchelli are undocumented in mangrove and littoral habitats, ecological consultants in northern Australia are considering such habitats unsuitable for this threatened varanid and are not recommending targeted surveys for this species in these habitats. We argue that the niche occupied by V. mitchelli is broader than currently recognised and they should be considered as potentially occurring in most mangrove habitats across their known range. We also suggest species‐appropriate survey techniques to improve detection of this very cryptic threatened species. Concerningly, despite recently being recognised as Critically Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), V. mitchelli are currently not recognised as threatened by the federal Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation (EPBC) Act 1999.
A chemical and bio‐herbicide mixture increased exotic invaders, both targeted and non‐targeted, across a diversely invaded landscape after fire
Authors: Lazarus Brynne E. , Germino Matthew J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractQuestionsInvasive‐plant treatments often target a single or few species, but many landscapes are diversely invaded. Exotic annual grasses (EAGs) increase wildfires and degrade native perennial plant communities in cold‐desert rangelands, and herbicides are thus sprayed to inhibit EAG germination and establishment. We asked how EAG target and non‐target species responded to an herbicide mixture sprayed over a large, topographically diverse landscape after wildfire. We focused on how whole‐community and natural EAG‐pathogen treatment responses varied over years and physical properties of sites.LocationSagebrush steppe of southwest Idaho, USA.MethodsWe monitored plant cover and diversity in 41 pairs of plots located inside or outside areas (486 ha total) treated with a combined aerial broadcast spray of pre‐emergent herbicide (imazapic) and weed‐suppressive bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens, “MB906”) to target EAGs after wildfires.ResultsEAG cover and exotic species richness were initially less in treated plots but increased to levels similar to or greater than those of untreated plots by the third post‐treatment year. The EAG pathogen Ustilago bullata was not directly affected by the treatment. The treatment increased exotic perennial forb cover in all plots and exotic annual forb cover in cooler/wetter plots but reduced exotic annual forb cover in warmer/drier plots. Cover of the invasive biennial grass Poa bulbosa decreased more across study years in untreated than treated plots. Among natives, the treatment reduced perennial grass cover and annual forb presence but led to marginal increases in perennial forb cover and, on soils with less gravel, increased shrub presence.ConclusionsA treatment targeting a single plant functional group did not achieve lasting success in these diversely invaded communities. Spraying alone did not release native perennials sufficiently to counteract the simultaneous release of secondary invaders and the return of target invaders. Planting or seeding may also be needed to achieve management goals.
Fire slightly decreases the competitive effects of a thorny cushion shrub in a semi‐arid mountain steppe in the short term
Authors: Bahalkeh Khadijeh , Abedi Mehdi , Dianati Tilaki Ghasem Ali , Michalet Richard 
Published: March 2021

AbstractQuestionsStudies in alpine environments have highlighted dominant facilitative effects of cushion species for diversity. Many fewer studies have assessed the effects of cushion shrubs in drier and less cold mountain habitats and how these effects vary within the shrub canopy and with increasing drought stress with exposure and disturbance by fire.LocationA mountain steppe of the Golestan National Park in the semi‐arid climate of northeast Iran.MethodsWe quantified the cover of understorey species at the center and edge of the canopy of the thorny cushion shrubOnobrychis cornutaand in paired open areas, in north and south exposures and unburned and burned plots, two years after a fire. Soil chemical variables and moisture were measured in treatments. We quantified cushions’ center and edge effects on understorey species cover with the Relative Interaction Index (RII). Treatment effects on RII cover were analyzed with generalized linear mixed‐effects models (GLMM) and species composition with Correspondence Analysis.ResultsIn unburned plots, competition for cover was very high at cushion centers and strongly decreased at cushion edges. Exposure stress did not affect competition in unburned plots. Fire slightly decreased competition but only at center cushion shrub position and at south exposure. Species composition was mostly affected by exposure and fire treatments, although there was subtle variation in species composition among patches due to fire. Cushion position, fire and exposure treatments affected soil moisture and chemical variables, but soil changes did not explain cushion effects on understorey cover and their variations along treatments.ConclusionsThe effects of the cushion shrub were highly negative and in particular at cushion center, likely due to interference and competition for light in a dry and not too cold environment. Fire only slightly decreased competition in the short term, likely due to the delayed response of understorey species to disturbance induced by fire.
Low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and lifespan: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Daghlas Iyas , Gill Dipender 
Published: March 2021

AimsIt is unknown whether long‐term low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐c) lowering increases lifespan and longevity in a general population not selected for elevated cardiovascular risk. The present study aimed to investigate the overall and gene‐specific effect of circulating LDL‐c levels on lifespan and longevity in a general population.MethodsLeveraging data from the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium (n = 173 082), we identified genetic variants to proxy LDL‐c levels generally, and also through perturbation of particular drug targets (HMGCR, NPC1L1 and PCSK9). We investigated their association with lifespan (n = 1 012 240) using Mendelian randomization, and replicated results using the outcome of longevity to the 90th vs. 60th percentile age (11 262 cases/25 483 controls).ResultsA 1‐standard deviation increase in genetically proxied LDL‐c was associated with 1.2 years lower lifespan (95% confidence interval [CI] −1.55, −0.87; P = 3.83 × 10−12). Findings were consistent in statistical sensitivity analyses, and when considering the outcome of longevity (odds ratio for survival to the 90th vs 60th percentile age 0.72, 95% CI 0.64, 0.81, P = 7.83 × 10−8). Gene‐specific Mendelian randomization analyses showed a significant effect of LDL‐c modification through PCSK9 on lifespan (−0.99 years, 95% CI −1.43, 0.55, P = 6.80 × 10−6); however, estimates for HMGCR and NPC1L1 were underpowered.ConclusionsThis genetic evidence supports that higher LDL‐c levels reduce lifespan and longevity. In a general population that is not selected for increased cardiovascular risk, there is likely to be a net lifespan benefit of LDL‐c lowering therapies, particularly for PCSK9 inhibitors, although randomized controlled trials are necessary before modification of clinical practice.
A two‐generation approach to postpartum care: Building on the well‐baby visit
Authors: Handler Arden , Bergo Cara , Dominik Bethany , Bier Esther , Caskey Rachel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough postpartum (PP) care is essential for the health and well‐being of women and their infants, many women in the United States do not receive PP care. In order to ensure that women's PP needs are met, it is essential to develop delivery models that address their barriers to care. The objective of the current study was to obtain women's feedback and perspectives about delivering women's health care at the well‐baby visit (WBV) using a modified mixed‐methods approach including open‐ended interviews and surveys.MethodsTwenty brief open‐ended interviews were conducted with PP women at a large urban medical center in Chicago. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded following a mixed deductive and inductive approach and analyzed using Dedoose. Following the interview analysis, surveys with 50 immediate PP women and 50 who were 2‐4 months PP were conducted. Statistical analyses included frequencies and chi‐square tests to determine differences between participants interviewed at the two time periods.ResultsKey themes that emerged from the open‐ended interviews include the tension between the desire for continuity of care (prenatal to PP) and the desire for convenient care. The surveys found that 86%‐94% of women would be interested in receiving PP care at the same clinic site and time as their new baby.ConclusionsOne approach to addressing women's PP health and need for convenient care is the provision of components of women's health care at the WBV. Therefore, we present an innovative two‐generation model for PP care focusing on needs of both the woman and infant.
Longitudinal evaluation of determinants of the clinical consequences of untreated dental caries in early childhood
Authors: Lopes Ana Beatriz Silva , Ramos‐Jorge Maria Letícia , Machado Gabrielly Fernandes , Vieira‐Andrade Raquel Gonçalves , Ramos‐Jorge Joana , Fernandes Izabella Barbosa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate whether the trajectory of family income, parental education and clinical variables are associated with the clinical consequences of untreated dental caries among children.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted with 439 children between one and three years of age, evaluated at baseline and re‐evaluated after three years. Sociodemographic and economic variables, untreated dental caries and biofilm were investigated both at baseline and at the 3‐year follow‐up. The pufa index (pulpal involvement, ulceration, fistula and abscess) was used to diagnose the clinical consequences of untreated dental caries.ResultsThe prevalence of pufa ≥1 was 18.2% in the follow‐up. The following variables were associated with a higher risk of clinical consequences of untreated dental caries: mother's low schooling level at baseline and follow‐up (RR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.04‐2.18), incidence or baseline presence of biofilm (RR = 4.66; 95% CI: 2.02‐10.74), cavitated dental caries at baseline (RR = 3.57; 95% CI:1.86 to 6.83) and incidence of cavitated dental caries (RR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.24‐3.35).ConclusionLow maternal schooling level, biofilm, cavitated dental caries at baseline, and incidence of dental caries were the factors determining the consequences of untreated dental caries.
Differing performance of two assays for the measurement of anti‐Mullerian hormone in premenopausal women: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Bell Robin J. , Skiba Marina A. , Sikaris Ken , Liu Angela , Islam Rakibul M. , Davis Susan R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the performance of two anti‐Mullerian (AMH) assays over a range of concentrations, in samples collected from young women.DesignA cross‐sectional method‐comparison study of 168 non‐healthcare‐seeking women.ParticipantsIncluded women were aged 18–39 years, not recently pregnant, breast feeding or using systemic hormones.MeasurementsSerum AMH levels were analysed with the Beckman Coulter Access 2 assay from fresh samples and the Ansh picoAMH assay using samples stored at −80°C, in a parallel setting. Comparisons between the two assays were examined using Bland‐Altman plots.ResultsParticipants had a mean ± SD age of 32.6 ± 5.4 years and body mass index of 28.1 ± 7.9 kg/m2, and 60.1% were parous. Although the assay results were highly correlated (Spearman correlation .982, P < .001), the relationship between the assays was nonlinear. Serum AMH values below 4 pmol/L were lower with the picoAMH assay compared with the Access AMH assay (mean difference in this range was −0.49 pmol/L), but for samples with a mean value above 10 pmol/L, the picoAMH assay consistently measured higher than the Access AMH assay (mean difference in this range was +8.2 pmol/L). As AMH concentrations increased the absolute discrepancy between the assays also increased.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that despite the high correlation between two commercially available AMH assays, the assays performed in a discordant manner at high and low concentrations. Hence, the results of these assays are not interchangeable, highlighting the need to establish specific reference limits for individual assays to guide clinical decision‐making and the challenge of establishing future universal cut‐offs for the application of AMH levels in clinical practice.
Niche segregation mechanisms in marine apex predators inhabiting dynamic environments
Authors: Astarloa Amaia , Glennie Richard , Chust Guillem , García‐Baron Isabel , Boyra Guillermo , Martínez Udane , Rubio Anna , Louzao Maite 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimUnderstanding the mechanisms that allow the coexistence of species is key to preserve full ecosystem functioning. In dynamic environments, the study of ecological niches faces the complexity associated to the three dimensionality of the habitat and requires information that reflects such heterogeneity. Within this context, this study intends to identify the segregation mechanisms behind the co‐occurrence of five phylogenetically related pelagic birds by applying a functional perspective based on seabirds' vertical ranges and prey availability features such as depth and body size.LocationBay of Biscay.MethodsBased on the hypothesis that niche differentiation may occur in any of the three dimensions of the marine environment, we (a) identified the biologically meaningful vertical range affecting seabird species, (b) modelled their environmental and trophic niches, (c) estimated an environmental and trophic overlap index for each pairwise species, and (d) developed a conceptual framework with the most plausible segregation hypotheses.ResultsThe application of the conceptual framework revealed that in this particular area, pelagic birds coexist through environmental and trophic niche partitioning and potentially through vertical segregation, based on the different biologically meaningful vertical ranges we identified for each species. Indeed, some species responded to prey and oceanographic conditions on the surface (10 m), while others responded to the conditions on deeper waters (above the depth of maximum temperature gradient). These different responses could be interpreted as an additional mechanism to reduce competition, although seabirds diving records would be needed to contrast this hypothesis.Main conclusionsNiche differentiation was found to be primarily driven by trophic and environmental niche partitioning, although species were also influenced by conditions on the vertical dimension. Considering all the dimensions of the niche is essential to fully understand how diving seabirds coexist in dynamic systems and provides insights on species' 3D niches that may help advance into their management.
Heart valve calcification and cardiac hemodynamics
Authors: Rossi Andrea , Barbieri Andrea , Benfari Giovanni , Gaibazzi Nicola , Erlicher Andrea , Mureddu Gianfrancesco , Frattini Silvia , Faden Giacomo , Manicardi Marcella , Beraldi Monica , Agostini Francesco , Lazzarini Valentina , Moreo Antonella , Temporelli Pier Luigi , Magni Giovanna , Pressman Gregg , Faggiano Pompilio 
Published: March 2021

AbstarctPurposeHeart valve calcification (VC) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, but the hemodynamic and functional profile of patients affected by VC has not been fully explored.MethodsThe study population was formed by consecutive unselected patients included in seven echocardiographic laboratories in a 2‐week period. A comprehensive echocardiographic examination was performed. VC was defined by the presence of calcification on at least one valve.ResultsPopulation was formed of 1098 patients (mean age 65 ± 15 years; 47% female). VC was present in 31% of the overall population. Compared with subjects without VC, VC patients were older (60 ± 14 vs 75 ± 9; P < .0001), had more hypertension (40% vs 57%; P = .0005), diabetes (11% vs 18%; P = .002), coronary artery disease (22% vs 38%; P = .04), and chronic kidney disease (4% vs 8%; P = .007). Furthermore, VC patients had lower ejection fraction (55 ± 14 vs 53 ± 25; P < .0001), worse diastolic function (E/e’ 8.5 ± 4.6 vs 13.0 ± 7.1; P < .0001) and higher pulmonary artery pressure (29 ± 9 vs 37 ± 12; P < .0001). The association between VC and EF was not independent of etiology (p for VC 0.13), whereas the association with E/e’ and PASP was independent in a full multivariate model (P < .0001 and P = .0002, respectively).ConclusionHeart valve calcification patients were characterized by a worse functional and hemodynamic profile compared to patients with normal valve. The association between VC and diastolic function and PASP were independent in comprehensive multivariate models.
On the spillover effect of China's outward FDI in Germany
Authors: Gao Yuan , Li Yang , Zhang Mingxin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe outward foreign direct investments of China have been steadily decreasing since the 21st century up to a point where the country has begun to passively accept direct investments from outsiders and holding off its active investments in expansion. Such trend has motivated scholars to examine the effects of countering investment. In line with these efforts, this study uses German firm‐level data from the Academus database to examine the investment of China in Germany as its research object. Using the new investment review system as a quasi‐natural experimental event construction instrument variable, an empirical analysis of how the investments of China in Germany can produce spillover effects on the productivity of German firms highlights the significant and robust effects of such investments as well as their negative horizontal and backward vertical spillover. Such negative spillover effect is particularly salient among German industries with low product heterogeneity, import and export intensities, and R&D levels of China.