bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma and soft tissue pharmacokinetics of ceftolozane/tazobactam in healthy volunteers after single and multiple intravenous infusion: a microdialysis study
Authors: Al Jalali V. , Wölfl-Duchek M. , Taubert M. , Matzneller P. , Lackner E. , Dorn C. , Kratzer A. , Wulkersdorfer B. , Österreicher Z. , Zeitlinger M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate ceftolozane/tazobactam pharmacokinetics (PK) in plasma and interstitial space fluid (ISF) of muscle and subcutaneous tissue and establish a population PK model.

Methods
Eight healthy volunteers received four IV doses of 1000/500 mg ceftolozane/tazobactam q8h in a prospective, open-labelled PK study. ISF concentration–time profiles were determined via in vivo microdialysis up to 8 h post-dose and efficacy of unbound ceftolozane and tazobactam was estimated using the time above MIC (%ƒT&gt;MIC) and time above threshold concentration (%T&gt;CT), respectively. A population PK model was established by merging derived plasma and soft tissue PK data.

Results
Ceftolozane reached %ƒT&gt;MIC values of 100% in plasma, muscle and subcutaneous ISF for Enterobacteriaceae and 87%, 89% and 87%, respectively, for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Tazobactam %T&gt;CT was 21%, 22% and 21% in plasma, muscle and subcutaneous ISF, respectively. Plasma protein binding was 6.3% for ceftolozane and 8.0% for tazobactam. Multiple-dose ceftolozane AUC0–8 ISF/plasma ratios were 0.92 ± 0.17 in muscle and 0.88 ± 0.18 in subcutis, and tazobactam ratios were 0.89 ± 0.25 in muscle and 0.87 ± 0.21 in subcutis, suggesting substantial soft tissue penetration.

Conclusions
Tazobactam %T&gt;CT values were distinctly below proposed target values, indicating that tazobactam might be underdosed in the investigated drug combination. However, ISF/unbound plasma ratios of ceftolozane and tazobactam support their use in soft tissue infections. A plasma and soft tissue PK model adds important information on the PK profile of ceftolozane/tazobactam. Further investigations in patients suffering from wound infections are needed to confirm these findings.
Paternal Stress and Child Outcomes in Youth with Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Moody Kendall L 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between parental stress and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among children with sickle cell disease (SCD).MethodsA cross-sectional correlational survey research design was used for this quantitative study. One hundred-fifty patients between the ages of 8–17 years old and their caregivers were enrolled from an outpatient comprehensive sickle cell program within a hospital setting. Patients completed the Pediatric Quality of Life Scale 3.0 SCD Module, whereas parents completed the Parental Stress Scale and demographic information questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine if parental stress scores predicted the HRQOL of children diagnosed with SCD after controlling for demographic variables.ResultsThe sample included 150 patients (median age: 12 years old; female: 52%) who were diagnosed with SCD along with 150 of their caregivers. Higher levels of parental stress predicted lower HRQOL scores (p &lt; .001).ConclusionAs parents reported elevated levels of stress related to caring for their child with SCD, patients reported worsening HRQOL. More evidence is needed in order to determine, which constructs of parental stress had a significant impact on HRQOL. It may be helpful for healthcare workers to be aware of familial influences of reduced HRQOL among children diagnosed with SCD. Parents reporting increased stress related to raising their child with SCD may benefit from additional support and resources.
Clinical and economic impact of comprehensive medication management implementation by clinical pharmacists in an intensive care unit: a cost–benefit analysis
Authors: Rezazadeh Amir , Hajimiri Seyed Hossein , Kebriaeezadeh Abbas , Gholami Kheirollah , Hashemian Farshad , Khoshnevisan Alireza , Mohebbi Niayesh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Critically ill patients are at risk of drug-related problems (DRPs) and healthcare-related cost. Clinical pharmacists are specifically trained in pharmacotherapy evaluation; they can identify and prevent DRPs. We aim to evaluate clinical and economic impact of clinical pharmacist by cost–benefit analysis in intensive care unit.

Methods
This was a prospective, interventional study from healthcare provider perspective which conducted over 6 months in a neurosurgery intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital on 162 patients. A clinical pharmacist was dedicated to implement comprehensive medication management. All pharmacotherapy problems were categorized and economic impact of clinical pharmacist’s interventions including cost–benefit ratio and net benefit in the ICU was assessed.

Key findings
A total of 1524 interventions were done. The top five pharmacotherapy-related problems were defined as, drug selection (33.3%), dose adjustment (17.32%), fluid and electrolyte management (12.99%), drug discontinuation (12.07%) and therapeutic drug monitoring (6.75%). The minimum and maximum benefit–cost ratio was 8.4:1 to 12.7:1 and net benefit was $169,205 to $266,633, respectively over the 6-month period.

Conclusions
The participation of a clinical pharmacist in a multidisciplinary ICU team by implementation of comprehensive medication management may reduce healthcare expenditures and improve drug safety.
Acute bolus obstruction following surgical treatment of paraesophageal herniation of the greater omentum
Authors: Rassam S , Steffen T , Folie P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Hiatal herniations are most commonly diagnosed during work-up for gastroesophageal reflux disease. Here, we present a patient with retrosternal pain for whom the computed tomography scan showed a lipomatous formation in the lower posterior mediastinum, and further examination indicated the origin to be paraesophageal herniation (PEH) of the greater omentum. This was confirmed by laparoscopy, the herniated part of the greater omentum was repositioned and the hiatal hernia was repaired. During recovery the patient complained of dysphagia, a common and transient postoperative occurrence, but which later proved to be a mechanical obstruction caused by a bolus. This case raises awareness of potential differential diagnoses pre- and postoperatively in conjunction with PEH, and the management of such differential diagnoses is discussed.
Multifocal neuroendocrine tumour of the small bowel presenting as an incarcerated incisional hernia: a surgical challenge in a high-risk patient
Authors: Steinkraus Kira , Andresen Julian R , Clift Ashley K , Liedke Marc O , Frilling Andrea 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumours (NET) of the small bowel present significant clinical challenges, such as their rate of metastasis at initial presentation, common multifocality and understaging even with gold standard imaging. Here, we present a case of a high-risk surgical patient with a complex medical history initially presenting as an acute abdomen due to an incarcerated incisional hernia. He was found at emergency laparotomy to have three small NET deposits in a 30-cm segment of incarcerated ileum which was resected. Postoperative morphological and functional imaging and biochemical markers were unremarkable, but due to clinical suspicion for undetected residual tumour bulk given the non-systematic palpation of the entire small bowel at initial operation, underwent re-operation where a further 70 cm of ileum was found to harbour multiple tumour deposits (n = 25) and was resected. There was no surgical morbidity and the patient remains tumour-free at 9-month follow-up.
Constraints on the sub-pc environment of the nearby Type Iax SN 2014dt from deep X-ray and radio observations
Authors: Stauffer C M , Margutti R , Linford J D , Chomiuk L , Coppejans D L , Demarchi L , Jacobson-Galán W , Bright J , Foley R J , Horesh A , Baldeschi A 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
We present X-ray and radio observations of what may be the closest Type Iax supernova (SN) to date, SN 2014dt (d = 12.3–19.3 Mpc), and provide tight constraints on the radio and X-ray emission. We infer a specific radio luminosity $L_R\lt (1.0\!-\!2.4)\times 10^{25}\, \rm {erg\, s^{-1}\, Hz^{-1}}$ at a frequency of 7.5 GHz and a X-ray luminosity $L_X\lt 1.4\times 10^{38}\, \rm {erg\, s^{-1}}$ (0.3–10 keV) at ∼38–48 d post-explosion. We interpret these limits in the context of Inverse Compton (IC) emission and synchrotron emission from a population of electrons accelerated at the forward shock of the explosion in a power-law distribution $N_e(\gamma _e)\propto \gamma _e^{-p}$ with p = 3. Our analysis constrains the progenitor system mass-loss rate to be $\dot{M}\lt 5.0 \times 10^{-6} \rm {M_{\odot }\, yr^{-1}}$ at distances $r\lesssim 10^{16}\, \rm {cm}$ for an assumed wind velocity $v_w=100\, \rm {km\, s^{-1}}$, and a fraction of post-shock energy into magnetic fields and relativistic electrons of ϵB = 0.01 and ϵe = 0.1, respectively. This result rules out some of the parameter space of symbiotic giant star companions, and it is consistent with the low mass-loss rates expected from He-star companions. Our calculations also show that the improved sensitivity of the next-generation Very Large Array (ngVLA) is needed to probe the very low-density media characteristic of He stars that are the leading model for binary stellar companions of white dwarfs giving origin to Type Iax SNe.
Grid of pseudo-2D chemistry models for tidally locked exoplanets – I. The role of vertical and horizontal mixing
Authors: Baeyens Robin , Decin Leen , Carone Ludmila , Venot Olivia , Agúndez Marcelino , Mollière Paul 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
The atmospheres of synchronously rotating exoplanets are intrinsically 3D, and fast vertical and horizontal winds are expected to mix the atmosphere, driving the chemical composition out of equilibrium. Due to the longer computation times associated with multidimensional forward models, horizontal mixing has only been investigated for a few case studies. In this paper, we aim to generalize the impact of horizontal and vertical mixing on the chemistry of exoplanet atmospheres over a large parameter space. We do this by applying a sequence of post-processed forward models for a large grid of synchronously rotating gaseous exoplanets, where we vary the effective temperature (between 400 and 2600 K), surface gravity, and rotation rate. We find that there is a dichotomy in the horizontal homogeneity of the chemical abundances. Planets with effective temperatures below 1400 K tend to have horizontally homogeneous, vertically quenched chemical compositions, while planets hotter than 1400 K exhibit large compositional day-night differences for molecules such as CH4. Furthermore, we find that the planet’s rotation rate impacts the planetary climate, and thus also the molecular abundances and transmission spectrum. By employing a hierarchical modelling approach, we assess the relative importance of disequilibrium chemistry on the exoplanet transmission spectrum, and conclude that the temperature has the most profound impact. Temperature differences are also the main cause of limb asymmetries, which we estimate could be observable with the James Webb Space Telescope. This work highlights the value of applying a consistent modelling setup to a broad parameter space in exploratory theoretical research.
Estimage: a webserver hub for the computation of methylation age
Authors: Di Lena Pietro , Sala Claudia , Nardini Christine 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMethylage is an epigenetic marker of biological age that exploits the correlation between the methylation state of specific CG dinucleotides (CpGs) and chronological age (in years), gestational age (in weeks), cellular age (in cell cycles or as telomere length, in kilobases). Using DNA methylation data, methylage is measurable via the so called epigenetic clocks. Importantly, alterations of the correlation between methylage and age (age acceleration or deceleration) have been stably associated with pathological states and occur long before clinical signs of diseases become overt, making epigenetic clocks a potentially disruptive tool in preventive, diagnostic and also in forensic applications. Nevertheless, methylage dependency from CpGs selection, mathematical modelling, tissue specificity and age range, still makes the potential of this biomarker limited. In order to enhance model comparisons, interchange, availability, robustness and standardization, we organized a selected set of clocks within a hub webservice, EstimAge (Estimate of methylation Age, http://estimage.iac.rm.cnr.it), which intuitively and informatively enables quick identification, computation and comparison of available clocks, with the support of standard statistics.
New DNA-hydrolyzing DNAs isolated from an ssDNA library carrying a terminal hybridization stem
Authors: Zhang Canyu , Li Qingting , Xu Tianbin , Li Wei , He Yungang , Gu Hongzhou 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
DNA-hydrolyzing DNAs represent an attractive type of DNA-processing catalysts distinctive from the protein-based restriction enzymes. The innate DNA property has enabled them to readily join DNA-based manipulations to promote the development of DNA biotechnology. A major in vitro selection strategy to identify these DNA catalysts relies tightly on the isolation of linear DNAs processed from a circular single-stranded (ss) DNA sequence library by self-hydrolysis. Herein, we report that by programming a terminal hybridization stem in the library, other than the previously reported classes (I & II) of deoxyribozymes, two new classes (III & IV) were identified with the old selection strategy to site-specifically hydrolyze DNA in the presence of Zn2+. Their representatives own a catalytic core consisting of ∼20 conserved nucleotides and a half-life of ∼15 min at neutral pH. In a bimolecular construct, class III exhibits unique broad generality on the enzyme strand, which can be potentially harnessed to engineer DNA-responsive DNA hydrolyzers for detection of any target ssDNA sequence. Besides the new findings, this work should also provide an improved approach to select for DNA-hydrolyzing deoxyribozymes that use various molecules and ions as cofactors.
Experimental evidence that social information affects habitat selection in Marbled Murrelets
Authors: Valente Jonathon J , Nelson S Kim , Rivers James W , Roby Daniel D , Betts Matthew G 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Habitat selection decisions can impact individual fitness and ultimately scale up to mediate population dynamics. Understanding how birds select habitat is thus critical for discerning the biological processes structuring populations and for developing conservation strategies, particularly for species in decline. Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus; hereafter murrelet) populations have declined in recent decades due to loss of late-successional forest nesting habitat and changing ocean conditions that impact foraging success. Most other seabirds in the family Alcidae nest colonially and evidence suggests nesting murrelets may aggregate in stands, yet no studies have examined murrelet use of social information in nest-site selection. In 2016, we experimentally simulated the presence of murrelets at 14 randomly chosen potential breeding sites by broadcasting murrelet calls throughout the breeding period. Between broadcasting bouts, we recorded calls of wild murrelets and compared call rates with those recorded at 14 control sites (no broadcast). One year after playbacks ceased (2017) we conducted breeding season surveys to document behaviors indicative of murrelet breeding activity. Broadcasting murrelet calls in 2016 increased daily odds of wild murrelets vocalizing during the treatment period by up to 15.4× (95% CI: 2.3, 125.4) relative to control sites. During the 2017 breeding season, the odds of occupancy were 10.0× (CI: 1.2, 81.4) greater at treatment sites than control sites. These results indicate that social information influences murrelet breeding site selection because the simulated conspecific presence in potential nesting habitat appeared to attract prospectors in 2016 that continued occupying treatment sites the following year. This conspecific attraction implies murrelet nesting sites are likely to remain occupied over time and that large tracts of nesting habitat may be important for supporting murrelet populations. Murrelets may also be susceptible to information-mediated Allee effects whereby a lack of conspecific information about nesting habitat could exacerbate long-term population declines.
Ecological and evolutionary drivers of geographic variation in songs of a Neotropical suboscine bird: The Drab-breasted Bamboo Tyrant (Hemitriccus diops, Rhynchocyclidae)
Authors: Acero-Murcia Adriana Carolina , Raposo do Amaral Fábio , de Barros Fábio C , da Silva Ribeiro Tiago , Miyaki Cristina Y , Maldonado-Coelho Marcos 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Understanding the evolutionary and ecological mechanisms that shape the spatial divergence of signals involved in reproductive isolation is a central goal in studies of speciation. For birds with innate songs, such as the suboscine passerine birds, the integration and comparison of both genetic and ecological factors in explaining song variation at the microevolutionary scale are rare. Here, we evaluated the evolutionary and ecological processes underlying the variation in the songs of the Atlantic Forest endemic Drab-breasted Bamboo Tyrant (Hemitriccus diops), testing the effects of both stochastic and adaptive processes, namely the stochastic and acoustic adaptation hypotheses, respectively. We combined vocal, genetic, and ecological (climate and forest cover) data across the species’ range. To this end, we analyzed 89 samples of long and short songs. We performed analyses on raw and synthetic data song variables with linear mixed models and multivariate statistics. Our results show that both song types differ in spectral features between the 2 extant phylogeographic lineages of this species, but such vocal divergence is weak and subtle in both song types. Overall, there is a positive relationship of acoustic distances with the amount of forest cover in long songs. Our results suggest that there is cryptic geographical variation in both song types and that this variation is associated with low levels of genetic divergence in both songs and with ecological factors in long songs.
From leisure to isolation: a call to explore hotel sectors’ role during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Aquino Jay A , Banal Jeffrey T , Pablo Felipe B , David Joy D , Sarmiento Philip Joseph D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In a recent correspondence, authors discussed the role of private companies in fulfilling their corporate social responsibility (CSR) by coming up with their own vaccination program for their employees during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper supports the invitation for companies to act in accordance with their CSR and by emphasizing the various roles of companies just like what selected hotels do as isolation and quarantine facilities during the pandemic. However, certain considerations and issues must also be addressed by hotel sectors in accomplishing their CSR especially in time of public health crisis.
Fossil-Informed Models Reveal a Boreotropical Origin and Divergent Evolutionary Trajectories in the Walnut Family (Juglandaceae)
Authors: Zhang Qiuyue , Ree Richard H , Salamin Nicolas , Xing Yaowu , Silvestro Daniele 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Temperate woody plants in the Northern Hemisphere have long been known to exhibit high species richness in East Asia and North America and significantly lower diversity in Europe, but the causes of this pattern remain debated. Here, we quantify the roles of dispersal, niche evolution, and extinction in shaping the geographic diversity of the temperate woody plant family Juglandaceae (walnuts and their relatives). Integrating evidence from molecular, morphological, fossil, and (paleo)environmental data, we find strong support for a Boreotropical origin of the family with contrasting evolutionary trajectories between the temperate subfamily Juglandoideae and the tropical subfamily Engelhardioideae. Juglandoideae rapidly evolved frost tolerance when the global climate shifted to ice-house conditions from the Oligocene, with diversification at high latitudes especially in Europe and Asia during the Miocene. Subsequent range contraction at high latitudes and high levels of extinction in Europe driven by global cooling led to the current regional disparity in species diversity. Engelhardioideae showed temperature conservatism while adapting to increased humidity, tracking tropical climates to low latitudes since the middle Eocene with comparatively little diversification, perhaps due to high competition in the tropical zone. The biogeographic history of Juglandaceae shows that the North Atlantic land bridge and Europe played more critical roles than previously thought in linking the floras of East Asia and North America, and showcases the complex interplay among climate change, niche evolution, dispersal, and extinction that shaped the modern disjunct pattern of species richness in temperate woody plants. [Boreotropical origin; climatic niche evolution; disjunct distribution; dispersal; diversity anomaly; extinction; Juglandaceae.]
Musculoskeletal Injuries in US Air Force Security Forces, January 2009 to December 2018
Authors: Sundstrom Julia N. , Webber Bryant J. , Delclos George L. , Herbold John R. , Gimeno Ruiz de Porras David 
Published: May 2021

Objective:
To determine the incidence, types, and risk factors of musculoskeletal injuries in a military security forces population.

Methods:
Demographic and diagnostic data were retrieved on enlisted US Air Force security forces personnel who served on active duty between January 2009 and December 2018. Incidence rates and ratios were calculated using Poisson regression.

Results:
During 251,787 person-years of exposure, 62,489 personnel served on active duty. Of these, 40,771 (65.2%) were diagnosed with at least one musculoskeletal injury. The majority (60.1%) of the 164,078 unique musculoskeletal injuries were inflammation and pain secondary to overuse. After adjusting for other factors, women had a 31% higher injury rate than men, and those who were overweight and obese had 15% and 30% higher rates, respectively, than normal-weight peers.

Conclusions:
Modifiable and non-modifiable factors contribute to musculoskeletal injuries in the security forces career field.
Associations Between Personal Values and Work Engagement
Authors: Sato Nana , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Nishi Daisuke , Kawakami Norito 
Published: May 2021

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate associations between personal values and work engagement among workers.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study used data from the Japanese Study on Stratification, Health, Income, and Neighborhood (J-SHINE) in 2010 and 2017. Personal values were measured by 11 value priorities and by commitment to these values. Multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted to determine the associations between personal values and work engagement.

Results:
A total of 1946 workers were analyzed. Four personal values (eg, “Improving society”) and commitment to values were significantly positively associated with work engagement, while “Graduating from a famous school” was significantly negatively associated.

Conclusions:
Some personal values relate to openness to change, self-transcendence, and self-enhancement, and commitment to values showed associations with work engagement. It could be beneficial to consider personal values to enhance work engagement.