bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Aerobic Training and Increasing Nonexercise Physical Activity on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors
Authors: SWIFT DAMON L. , NEVELS TYARA R. , SOLAR CHELSEY A. , BROPHY PATRICIA M. , MCGEE JOSHUA E. , BREWER SAVANNA B. , CLARK ANGELA , HOUMARD JOSEPH A. , LUTES LESLEY D. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Epidemiological studies suggest that sedentary behavior is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality independent of meeting physical activity guidelines. However, limited evidence of this relationship is available from prospective interventions. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the combined effect of aerobic training and increasing nonexercise physical activity on body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors.

Methods
Obese adults (N = 45) were randomized to 6 months of aerobic training (AERO), aerobic training and increasing nonexercise physical activity (~3000 steps above baseline levels; AERO-PA), or a control (CON) group. The AERO and AERO-PA groups performed supervised aerobic training (3–4 times per week). The AERO-PA group wore Fitbit One accelerometers and received behavioral coaching to increase nonexercise physical activity.

Results
There was a larger increase in fitness in the AERO-PA group (0.27 L·min−1; confidence interval (CI), 0.16 to 0.40 L·min−1) compared with the AERO group (0.09 L·min−1; CI, −0.04 to 0.22 L·min−1) and the CON group (0.01; CI, −0.11 to 0.12 L·min−1). Although significant findings were not observed in the entire study sample, when the analysis was restricted to participants compliant to the intervention (n = 33), we observed significant reductions in waist circumference, percent weight loss, body fat, 2-h glucose, and 2-h insulin in comparison to the CON group (P < 0.05), but not the AERO group. Furthermore, linear regression models showed that change in steps was associated with 21% and 26% of the variation in percent weight loss and percent fat loss, respectively.

Conclusions
Increasing nonexercise physical activity with aerobic training may represent a viable strategy to augment the fitness response in comparison to aerobic training alone and has promise for other health indicators.
Sustainable data analysis with Snakemake
Authors: Mölder Felix , Jablonski Kim Philipp , Letcher Brice , Hall Michael B. , Tomkins-Tinch Christopher H. , Sochat Vanessa , Forster Jan , Lee Soohyun , Twardziok Sven O. , Kanitz Alexander , Wilm Andreas , Holtgrewe Manuel , Rahmann Sven , Nahnsen Sven , Köster Johannes 
Published: April 2021

Data analysis often entails a multitude of heterogeneous steps, from the application of various command line tools to the usage of scripting languages like R or Python for the generation of plots and tables. It is widely recognized that data analyses should ideally be conducted in a reproducible way. Reproducibility enables technical validation and regeneration of results on the original or even new data. However, reproducibility alone is by no means sufficient to deliver an analysis that is of lasting impact (i.e., sustainable) for the field, or even just one research group. We postulate that it is equally important to ensure adaptability and transparency. The former describes the ability to modify the analysis to answer extended or slightly different research questions. The latter describes the ability to understand the analysis in order to judge whether it is not only technically, but methodologically valid.Here, we analyze the properties needed for a data analysis to become reproducible, adaptable, and transparent. We show how the popular workflow management system Snakemake can be used to guarantee this, and how it enables an ergonomic, combined, unified representation of all steps involved in data analysis, ranging from raw data processing, to quality control and fine-grained, interactive exploration and plotting of final results.
Change in the criteria for hypertension based on a Peruvian population: a study based on the recent American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guidelines
Authors: Mejia Christian R , Failoc-Rojas Virgilio E. , Vargas Mariela , Cárdenas Matlin M , Miñan-Tapia Armando , Aguilar Rodrigo , Correa Ricardo 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology has published new guidelines for hypertension in 2017. These guidelines change the criteria to classify patients with hypertension. There has not yet been a study that analyzes the consequences of these changes in developing countries. The objective of our study was to characterize changes in the classification of hypertension with the new guidelines among Peruvian patients and to determine the factors associated with being newly diagnosed as hypertensive. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional investigation was carried out, which was based on the secondary analysis of the data of hypertension. We compared certain variables including using antihypertensive medication, region, and other sociodemographic characteristics. We performed a descriptive analysis of the variables shown as frequency and percentage. P values ​​that were less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant, obtained using a multivariate analysis. Results: Of the 5,615 patients in this cohort, with the old criteria 4,915 (87.5%) did not have the diagnosis of hypertension; however, with the new criteria 1,415 (25%) will be diagnosed with hypertension. 467 (9%) of patients who were not taking medications and 85 (32%) of patients who were taking medications will switch from having high-normal blood pressure to grade 1 hypertension, with the new guideline. The recent diagnosis of hypertension was associated with sex (p <0.001), age (p <0.001), being overweight (p <0.001), physical activity (p = 0.010), smoking (p = 0.031), and a history of diabetes mellitus (p <0.001). When adjusted for pharmacotherapy, only sex (p <0.001), age (p <0.001), being overweight (p <0.001), and physical activity (p = 0.001) remained statistically significant. Conclusions: The new criteria increased the percentage of patients that now will be classified with hypertension. This should be accompanied by effective politics in education, surveillance, and adequate treatment of the health care system.
Developing open-source software for bioimage analysis: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Levet Florian , Carpenter Anne E. , Eliceiri Kevin W. , Kreshuk Anna , Bankhead Peter , Haase Robert 
Published: April 2021

Fast-paced innovations in imaging have resulted in single systems producing exponential amounts of data to be analyzed. Computational methods developed in computer science labs have proven to be crucial for analyzing these data in an unbiased and efficient manner, reaching a prominent role in most microscopy studies. Still, their use usually requires expertise in bioimage analysis, and their accessibility for life scientists has therefore become a bottleneck. Open-source software for bioimage analysis has developed to disseminate these computational methods to a wider audience, and to life scientists in particular. In recent years, the influence of many open-source tools has grown tremendously, helping tens of thousands of life scientists in the process. As creators of successful open-source bioimage analysis software, we here discuss the motivations that can initiate development of a new tool, the common challenges faced, and the characteristics required for achieving success.
Sustainable insulating foams based on recycled polyurethanes from construction and demolition wastes
Authors: Elorza Edurne , Aranberri Ibon , Zhou Xiangming , Kastiukas Gediminas , Alduncin Juan Antonio 
Published: April 2021

Background: Polyurethane (PU) foams contained in construction and demolition wastes (CDW) represent a great environmental impact, since they usually end in landfill or incineration processes. The goal of this work is to develop a way to formulate PU foams, maintaining (or ever improving) their performance, by the re-use of those industrial wastes. This procedure will allow minimize both the volume of disposal to be treated by other ways and the amount of pristine raw material needed to produce new PU foams. Methods: In this work, new rigid and soft polyurethane (PU) foams have been formulated with addition of recycled PU foams coming from demolition of buildings. Density, Fourier transform infrared analysis, compression properties and thermal conductivity were measured to characterize the resulting foams. Results: The work showed that addition of filler coming from recycled PU foams should be limited to low percentages, in order to allow good foam evolution from the reactants. Thermal conductivity values of modified rigid foams are worse than those of pristine foam, which is undesirable for thermal insulation purposes; however, in the case of soft foams, this parameter improved to some extent with low levels of recycled PU foam addition. Conclusions: The studied procedure could contribute to reduce the thermal conductivity of pristine soft PU foam, which would be of interest for applications where thermal insulation matters.
Detrimental Impact of Digitalization on Pupils’ Personality Traits and Physiological Development
Authors: Kalenova A. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The article aims to examine the problems pertaining to personality traits and physiological development caused by the digital transformation of education. Education is one of the main components of a society’s social structure and is constantly subject to changes under external factors. One of these factors is digitalization, which has an ambiguous impact on the abovementioned process.
Research methodology. The methodological basis of the research consists of general scientific methods such as synthesis, analysis, comparison, as well as special research methods such as content analysis of official documents.
Results. In the course of the research the author comes to the conclusion that not only does the digitalization of education create new opportunities for learning but also gives rise to problems that can potentially affect the development of pupils' personalities and their health. These include as follows: introduction of untested technologies, of which the impact has not yet been scientifically proven; deterioration of writing, reading, speaking as well as other socially important skills, sight impairments, computer addiction and IAD, which can generally lead to the development of the so-called 'digital dementia'.
It should be noted that not enough research on the impact of digital technologies on the mental and physical health of children is available at the moment. Nor are there many scientific investigations concerning the safety and effectiveness of learning by means of digital environment. The introduction of digital technologies raises concerns about their impact on pupils’ health and on society as a whole; there are discussions about the role of teachers in the educational process as well.
Organizational Loyalty as a Basic Component of Effective Professional Activity of an Employee in the Organization
Authors: Shcherbakova O. , Sklyadneva V. , Sazhina A. 
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the organizational loyalty of employees
as one of the main components of effective professional
activity. The emphasis is made on the interrelation of organizational
loyalty and such individual characteristics of an employee as
motivation to professional activity, subjective job satisfaction and
locus of control.
Psychological features of the subject of activity influence the content of organizational loyalty: increased responsibility for the effectiveness of professional work of subjects of professional interaction; creative approach to organization and management when solving professional tasks; peculiarities of communication in the process of solving production tasks. Because of empirical research, the conclusion is made that the majority of employees are satisfied with their professional activity in the given organization. Such components of UT as satisfaction with achievements in work, satisfaction with relations with employees, level of pretensions, and also preference of carried out work to high earnings are expressed in them to the greatest degree.
Product Lines and Price Discrimination in Markets with Information Frictions
Authors: Fabra Natalia , Montero Juan-Pablo 
Published: April 2021

A well-known principle in economics is that firms differentiate their product offerings in order to relax competition. However, in this paper we show that information frictions can invalidate this principle. We build a duopolistic competition model of second-degree price discrimination with information frictions in which (i) an equilibrium always exists with overlapping product qualities, whereas (ii) an equilibrium with nonoverlapping product qualities exists only if both information frictions and the cost of providing high quality are sufficiently small. As a consequence, reasons other than an attempt to soften competition should explain why firms in some cases carry nonoverlapping product lines. This paper was accepted by Matthew Shum, marketing.
Principles and related strategies for spinal cord injury research partnership approaches: a qualitative study
Authors: Hoekstra Femke , Gainforth Heather L. , _ _ 
Published: April 2021

Background:Conducting and/or disseminating research in partnership with potential research users is a popular approach to conducting useful and relevant research. Despite calls for guidance to support these research partnerships, evidence-based tools and resources remain limited.
Aims and objectives:This study aimed to explore principles and related strategies for conducting and/or disseminating spinal cord injury (SCI) research in partnership with the SCI community, in order to gain insight into ways to support SCI research partnerships.
This qualitative study included ten semi-structured interviews with SCI research partnership champions. The interviews focused on participants’ experiences with SCI research projects that are conducted or disseminated in partnership, and related principles and strategies to work in research partnerships.
Participants mainly talked about principles related to: (1) the relationship between researchers and research users (for example, respect each other, avoid tokenism); (2) co-production of knowledge (for example, research user engagement early and throughout); and (3) meaningful engagement (for example, allowing flexibility). Examples of related strategies included attending collaborative conferences, research user engagement in refinement of research questions, training in research methods, and hiring people with SCI as part of the research team.
Key conclusions:This qualitative study presents research partnership principles (norms) and related strategies (observable actions). This study can provide guidance for other researchers and research users who want to engage in (SCI) research partnerships. The findings of this study could be used to inform the development of evidence-based tools and resources to support future research partnerships.
Group velocity of light in biaxial crystals
Authors: Wang Pengqian 
Published: April 2021

Based on the wave vector surface, we have derived the analytical expressions for the group velocity of light traveling in an optically biaxial crystal in an arbitrary direction. Our formulas are in terms of either the wave vector direction or the ray direction. An axis dispersion vector is introduced to specify the rotation of the dielectric frame in monoclinic and triclinic crystals, which is found to be responsible for the asymmetry of the group velocity surfaces of these two crystal systems when compared to their phase and ray velocity surfaces. Our formulas confirm that the group velocity of light in a nondissipative medium equals the ratio between the Poynting vector and the total energy density of the electromagnetic field. The group index of light is found to be decomposable into three parts: the ray index, the group index due to principal refractive index dispersion, and that due to axis dispersion. Numerical calculations are performed for the group velocity of light in

S
n

2

P

2

S

6

crystal at 550 nm wavelength. Our results show that the dispersion of the principal refractive indices has a considerable contribution to the group index.
A self-adaptive prescription dose optimization algorithm for radiotherapy
Authors: Yin Chuou , Yang Peng , Zhang Shengyuan , Gu Shaoxian , Wang Ningyu , Cui Fengjie , Hu Jinyou , Li Xia , Wu Zhangwen , Gou Chengjun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of this study is to investigate an implementation method and the results of a voxel-based self-adaptive prescription dose optimization algorithm for intensity-modulated radiotherapy.

Materials and methods
The self-adaptive prescription dose optimization algorithm used a quadratic objective function, and the optimization engine was implemented using the molecular dynamics. In the iterative optimization process, the optimization prescription dose changed with the relationship between the initial prescription dose and the calculated dose. If the calculated dose satisfied the initial prescription dose, the optimization prescription dose was equal to the calculated dose; otherwise, the optimization prescription dose was equal to the initial prescription dose. We assessed the performance of the self-adaptive prescription dose optimization algorithm with two cases: a mock head and neck case and a breast case. Isodose lines, dose–volume histogram, and dosimetric parameters were compared between the conventional molecular dynamics optimization algorithm and the self-adaptive prescription dose optimization algorithm.

Results
The self-adaptive prescription dose optimization algorithm produces the different optimization results compared with the conventional molecular dynamics optimization algorithm. For the mock head and neck case, the planning target volume (PTV) dose uniformity improves, and the dose to organs at risk is reduced, ranging from 1 to 4%. For the breast case, the use of self-adaptive prescription dose optimization algorithm also leads to improvements in the dose distribution, with the dose to organs at risk almost unchanged.

Conclusion
The self-adaptive prescription dose optimization algorithm can generate an ideal clinical plan more effectively, and it could be integrated into a treatment planning system after more cases are studied.
A case of concurrent Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease and Neuropsychiatric Lupus in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Overlap Syndrome
Authors: Campbell Tessa , Auer Iwona , Martin Liam 
Published: April 2021

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease is a rare, self-limited, histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis characterized by cervical lymphadenopathy and fever. An association has been made between the presence of this disease and systemic lupus erythematosus. We describe a unique case of a 31 year old female with a previous diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis and lupus overlap syndrome who presented with severe headache and subsequently developed altered level of consciousness and seizures. She underwent an extensive assessment which included investigations for an infectious cause, numerous imaging studies, a lymph node biopsy, a bone marrow biopsy, and a brain biopsy resulting in a final diagnosis of concurrent Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease and lupus-associated encephalitis. In these overlap patients, neurological involvement is usually mild. In contrast, our patient presented with severe neuropsychiatric involvement eventually requiring ICU admission. This case highlights the difficulty of diagnosing and managing neuropsychiatric lupus in these complex overlap patients. Early recognition is important to avoid unnecessary and potentially harmful interventions and treatments.
Atypical euthyroid presentation of Steroid Responsive Encephalopathy with Associated Thyroiditis
Authors: Bhogadi Vineeth , Kelly-Wiggins Arlene 
Published: April 2021

Introduction
Steroid-responsive encephalopathy with associated thyroiditis (SREAT) is an autoimmune disease associated with antithyroid antibodies. Its clinical features are variable, ranging from sudden focal neurologic deficits to progressive sub-acute cognitive decline and thus, can mimic a host of other neurological and psychiatric conditions.
Case Presentation
We present the case of a previously healthy 62-year-old female with rapid onset neurocognitive and functional decline. EEG and MRI findings were consistent with an encephalopathy of unknown origin. Serologic findings revealed elevated antithyroid antibodies but were otherwise insignificant.
Conclusion
Steroid-responsive encephalopathy with associated thyroiditis is typically a diagnosis of exclusion but should always be considered in cases of encephalopathy of unknown origin. The disorder is often underdiagnosed due to its variable presentation and poorly understood pathophysiology, but prognosis can be significantly improved with greater physician awareness and prompt management with corticosteroids.
Float or sink: a solution to the resident burn-out crisis?
Authors: Luo Candice , Hu George , Chen Tony 
Published: April 2021

Introduction
As medical students, we were always told that medicine is a tough road. The training is gruelling with endless hours of studying, patient care, and considerable sacrifices in our personal lives. Many came into this profession ready for long hours and difficult training. However, until residency, it is tough to envision what the experience really entails.
Recently, a debate erupted in the Medical Twitter universe when Dr. Colleen Farrell, an Internal Medicine resident at Bellevue Hospital in New York, wrote a tweet decrying 27-hour resident call shifts as inhumane. Dr. Farrell argued that residents and staff physicians deserve protection against harsh working hours and conditions on par with workers in unionized professions. For instance, the Ontario Nurses Association closely regulates how long nurses can work in a given day with the minimal time nurses must receive for breaks1. The ensuing debate saw numerous residents and staff physicians joining the conversation on either side of the argument. Many physicians argued that extended call shifts are a necessary part of resident training which equips residents to work effectively and independently in future demanding roles. On the other hand, many suggest that the lack of adequate rest and humane working hours leaves residents ill-prepared to make decisions and may hinder patient care. In the end, Dr. Farrell received heavy backlash that led to her taking a break from Twitter.
But what does the research say? Does reducing working hours improve resident wellness and patient safety? What is the impact on resident education? Can there be a way to balance resident wellness with competency and quality of care?