bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Tumor‐Targeting Metal‐Organic Nanoparticle Constructed by Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry toward Accurately Redressing Carcinogenic Wnt Cascade
Authors: Liu Tianya , Yan Jin , He Chenchen , You Weiming , Ma Fang , Chang Zhuo , Li Yong , Han Suxia , He Wangxiao , Liu Wenjia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTargeted and immunological therapy have revolutionized the malignancy treatment, but is suffering from the dose‐limiting side effects and inadequate responsiveness. The emerging nanoscale infinite coordination polymers provide a feasible strategy for tumor targeting and immune sensitization. Herein, a “one‐pot” self‐assembled strategy based on dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) principle is designed to construct a tumor‐targeting metal‐organic nanoparticle (MOICP) through a spontaneous co‐assembling among three metal‐organic coordination polymers tuned by a Wnt‐inhibitor carnosic acid (CA). Responding to the tumor microenvironment, MOICP presents an optimized tumor‐preferential accumulation and the satisfactory biosafety. MOICP is more active in vitro and in vivo than CA in suppressing of Wnt signaling pathway, and potently inhibits tumor growth in a patient‐derived xenograft model of Wnt‐activated pancreatic carcinoma. Moreover, MOICP reverses the lack of intratumoral infiltration of T lymphocytes, and hence augments the action of Anti‐PD1 (programmed cell death protein 1) immunotherapy in B16F10 melanoma allograft mice model. This clinically viable MOICP can not only be applied to Wnt inhibition for cancer targeted therapy and immunotherapeutic sensitization, but also provides a de novo pattern for nanomedicine architecture with cargo‐initiated co‐self‐assembly guided by DCC, thereby bringing new inspiration in general for disease intervention.
Ultrahigh Power Factor and Ultralow Thermal Conductivity at Room Temperature in PbSe/SnSe Superlattice: Role of Quantum‐Well Effect
Authors: Gao Zhiwen , Ning Xingkun , Wang Jia , Wang Jinrong , Wang Shufang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractReduced dimension is one of the effective strategies to modulate thermoelectric properties. In this work, n‐type PbSe/SnSe superlattices with quantum‐well (QW) structure are fabricated by pulsed laser deposition. Here, it is demonstrated that the PbSe/SnSe multiple QW (MQW) shows a high power factor of ≈25.7 µW cm−1 K−2 at 300 K, four times larger than that of PbSe single layers. In addition, thermal conductivity falls below 0.32 ± 0.06 W m−1 K−1 due to the phonon scattering at interface when the PbSe well thickness is confined within the scale of phonon mean free path (1.8 nm). Featured with ultrahigh power factor and ultralow thermal conductivity, ZT at room temperature is significantly increased from 0.14 for PbSe single layer to 1.6 for PbSe/SnSe MQW.
Dynamic 1T‐2H Mixed‐Phase MoS2 Enables High‐Performance Li‐Organosulfide Battery
Authors: Lv Xucheng , Guo Wei , Song Jiahan , Fu Yongzhu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAchieving high energy density and long cycle life in realistic batteries is still an unmet need, which has triggered research into the discoveries of new electrode materials as well as new storage mechanisms. As a kind of new cathode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries, organosulfide compounds R‐Sn‐R (n = 3–6) based on conversion chemistries of SS bonds have many advantages and promising prospects; however, poor electric/ionic conductivity and sluggish redox kinetics is a major hinder for their applications. Here an organic–inorganic hybrid cathode by introducing 1T MoS2 grown on reduced graphene oxide to hybridize with phenyl tetrasulfide (Ph‐S4‐Ph, theoretical specific capacity 570 mAh g−1), enhancing the battery performance is reported. This includes the improved charge transfer, stable long cycles, and close‐to‐practical energy density in coin cells and pouch cells, which also show high mass loadings and contents, and low electrolyte dependence. Furthermore, the dynamic 1T‐2H mixed‐phase during the charge/discharge is revealed to be critical for the improved performance. This study proves the hybrid nanomaterials as a promising solution to address the challenges facing lithium‐organosulfide batteries.
Highly Selective Metal‐Free Electrochemical Production of Hydrogen Peroxide on Functionalized Vertical Graphene Edges
Authors: Zhang Ding , Tsounis Constantine , Ma Zhipeng , Djaidiguna Dominique , Bedford Nicholas M. , Thomsen Lars , Lu Xunyu , Chu Dewei , Amal Rose , Han Zhaojun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractElectrochemical generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an attractive alternative to the energy‐intensive anthraquinone oxidation process. Metal‐free carbon‐based materials such as graphene show great promise as efficient electrocatalysts in alkaline media. In particular, the graphene edges possess superior electrochemical properties than the basal plane. However, identification and enhancement of the catalytically active sites at the edges remain challenging. Furthermore, control of surface wettability to enhance gas diffusion and promote the performance in bulk electrolysis is largely unexplored. Here, a metal‐free edge‐rich vertical graphene catalyst is synthesized and exhibits a superior performance for H2O2 production, with a high onset potential (0.8 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) at 0.1 mA cm−2) and 100% Faradaic efficiency at various potentials. By tailoring the oxygen‐containing functional groups using various techniques of electrochemical oxidation, thermal annealing and oxygen plasma post‐treatment, the edge‐bound in‐plane ether‐type (COC) groups are revealed to account for the superior catalytic performance. To manipulate the surface wettability, a simple vacuum‐based method is developed to effectively induce material hydrophobicity by accelerating hydrocarbon adsorption. The increased hydrophobicity greatly enhances gas transfer without compromising the Faradaic efficiency, enabling a H2O2 productivity of 1767 mmol gcatalyst−1 h−1 at 0.4 V versus RHE.
Rational Design of Li‐Wicking Hosts for Ultrafast Fabrication of Flexible and Stable Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Chang Jian , Hu Hong , Shang Jian , Fang Ruopian , Shou Dahua , Xie Chuan , Gao Yuan , Yang Yu , Zhuang Qiu Na , Lu Xi , Zhang Yao Kang , Li Feng , Zheng Zijian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe ever‐increasing development of flexible and wearable electronics has imposed unprecedented demand on flexible batteries of high energy density and excellent mechanical stability. Rechargeable lithium (Li) metal battery shows great advantages in terms of its high theoretical energy density. However, the use of Li metal anode for flexible batteries faces huge challenges in terms of its undesirable dendrite growth, poor mechanical flexibility, and slow fabrication speed. Here, a highly scalable Li‐wicking strategy is reported that allows ultrafast fabrication of mechanically flexible and electrochemically stable Li metal anodes. Through the rational design of the interface and structure of the wicking host, the mean speed of Li‐wicking reaches 10 m2 min−1, which is 1000 to 100 000 fold faster than the reported electrochemical deposition or thermal infusion methods and meets the industrial fabrication speed. Importantly, the Li‐wicking process results in a unique 3D Li metal structure, which not only offers remarkable flexibility but also suppresses the dendrite formation. Paring the Li metal anode with lithium‐iron phosphate or sulfur cathode yields flexible full cells that possess a high charging rate (8.0 mA cm−2), high energy density (300–380 Wh kg−1), long cycling stability (over 550 cycles), and excellent mechanical robustness (500 bending cycles).
CMOS‐Compatible Electronic–Plasmonic Transducers Based on Plasmonic Tunnel Junctions and Schottky Diodes
Authors: Wang Fangwei , Liu Yan , Hoang Thanh Xuan , Chu Hong‐Son , Chua Soo‐Jin , Nijhuis Christian A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo develop methods to generate, manipulate, and detect plasmonic signals by electrical means with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)‐compatible materials is essential to realize on‐chip electronic–plasmonic transduction. Here, electrically driven, CMOS‐compatible electronic–plasmonic transducers with Al–AlOX–Cu tunnel junctions as the excitation source of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and Si–Cu Schottky diodes as the detector of SPPs, connected via plasmonic strip waveguides of Cu, are demonstrated. Remarkably, the electronic–plasmonic transducers exhibit overall transduction efficiency of 1.85 ± 0.03%, five times higher than previously reported transducers with two tunnel junctions (metal–insulator–metal (MIM)–MIM transducers) where SPPs are detected based on optical rectification. The result establishes a new platform to convert electronic signals to plasmonic signals via electrical means, paving the way toward CMOS‐compatible plasmonic components.
Identifying Water Oxidation Mechanisms at Pure and Titanium‐Doped Hematite‐Based Photoanodes with Spectroelectrochemistry
Authors: Zhang Jifang , Lin Qiyuan , Wang Zhenlei , Liu Haowen , Li Xuanzhang , Zhang Yuegang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInvestigation of the mechanism of the water oxidation reaction for hematite photoanodes has been one of the most persistently pursued topics in the course of understanding photoelectrochemical water splitting by transition metal oxides. Unfortunately, existing experimental techniques often require over‐simplified models and theories that assume only one reaction path. In this work, however, it is proposed that water oxidation on hematite can proceed via mixed reaction paths according to spectroelectrochemical results without a priori assumptions. The true absorption signals of surface states responsible for water oxidation are isolated from subsidiary signals for undoped and Ti‐doped hematite and contrasted with those of inactive species. The evolution of absorption signals as a function of applied potential and illumination intensity highlights the non‐negligible contribution of direct hole transfer, especially for highly doped hematite.
Electrically and Optically Controllable p–n Junction Memtransistor Based on an Al2O3 Encapsulated 2D Te/ReS2 van der Waals Heterostructure
Authors: Nguyen Duc Anh , Jo Yongcheol , Tran Thi Uyen , Jeong Mun Seok , Kim Hyungsang , Im Hyunsik 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe exploration of memtransistors as a combination of a memristor and a transistor has recently attracted intensive attention because it offers a promising candidate for next‐generation multilevel nonvolatile memories and synaptic devices. However, the present state‐of‐the‐art memtransistors, which are based on a single material, such as MoS2 or perovskite, exhibit a relatively low switching ratio, require extremely high electric fields to modulate bistable resistance states and do not perform multifunctional operations. Here, the realization of an electrically and optically controllable p–n junction memtransistor using an Al2O3 encapsulated 2D Te/ReS2 van der Waals heterostructure is reported. The hybrid memtransistor shows a reversible bipolar resistance switching behavior between a low resistance state and a high resistance state with a high switching ratio up to 106 at a low operating voltage (<10 V), high cycling endurance, and long retention time. Moreover, multiple resistance states are achieved by applying different bias voltages, gate voltages, or light powers. In addition, logical operations, including the inverter and AND/OR gates, and synaptic activities are performed by controlling the optical and electrical inputs. The work offers a novel strategy for the reliable fabrication of p–n junction memtransistors for multifunctional devices and neuromorphic applications.
Identification and evolutionary analysis of the metal‐tolerance protein family in eight Cucurbitaceae species
Authors: Jiang Xinchen , Yin Junliang , Wang Lixin , Xi Keyong , Zhu Xiongmeng , Li Gang , Zhu Yongxing , Liu Yiqing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMetal‐tolerance proteins (MTPs) are divalent cation transporters and play fundamental roles in plant metal tolerance and ion homeostasis. Despite that, a systematic investigation of MTPs in Cucurbitacea is still lacking. In this study, 142 MTPs were identified from 11 released genomes of 8 Cucurbitaceae species. They were phylogenetically separated into three clusters (Zn‐cation diffusion facilitator proteins [CDFs], Fe/Zn‐CDFs, and Mn‐CDFs) and further subdivided into seven groups (G1, G5, G6, G7, G8, G9, and G12). Characterization analysis revealed that most MTPs were plasma membrane‐located hydrophobic proteins. Motif and exon/intron analysis showed that members in the same group contained similar conserved motifs and gene structures. Moreover, 98 pairs of segmental‐like duplication events were found. The nonsynonymous/synonymous substitution ratios between each pair were less than 1, implying that Cucurbitaceae MTPs were under purification selection. Expression profiling suggested that several MTP genes, such as CsCLMTP1, CmeMTP3, LsMTP3, and Cl97103MTP3, were constitutively expressed in corresponding Cucurbitaceae species, and their expression levels were not significantly altered by NaCl, drought, or pathogen infection. The expression patterns of cucumber MTP genes under Zn2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, and Cd2+ stress were studied by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and the results showed that these MTPs were induced by at least one metal ion, suggesting their involvement in metal tolerance or transportation. The identification and comprehensive investigation of MTP family members will provide a basis for the analysis of ion transport functions and ion tolerance mechanisms of Cucurbitaceae MTPs.
Information sourcing by dog owners in the UK: Resource selection and perceptions of knowledge
Authors: Kuhl Christina Ann , Dean Rachel , Quarmby Caroline , Lea Richard Graham 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundDogs are a popular pet in the UK. Information resources utilised by dog owners can influence welfare at acquisition and throughout a dog's lifetime. This study determined where UK dog owners source information, and how perceptions relating to pedigree dog breeding and health may influence this process.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study used online questionnaires to explore the information resources used by dog owners and their perceptions of veterinary surgeons’ and dog breeders’ knowledge.ResultsOverall, 1336 responses were collected (useable responses: 1167). Data indicated most owners conducted research before getting a dog, with the internet, books, breeders and friends or family among the most popular resources used. Preferred sources of information during a dogs’ lifetime included the internet, talking to veterinary surgeons and reading books. Veterinary surgeons were the most popular source for health advice. Pedigree dog owners perceived veterinary surgeons and breeders to be equally knowledgeable on canine inherited diseases. However, veterinary surgeons were perceived as being more knowledgeable on inherited disease screening programmes and breeders more knowledgeable on dog breeding.ConclusionThis study highlights the information resources preferred by dog owners, providing an opportunity to maximise access to reliable sources of information to improve dog welfare.
Muon g − 2 from millicharged hidden confining sector
Authors: Bai Yang , Lee Seung J. , Son Minho , Ye Fang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We provide a novel explanation to the muon g − 2 excess with new physics contributions at the two-loop level. In this scenario, light millicharged particles are introduced to modify the photon vacuum polarization that contributes to muon g − 2 at one additional loop. The muon g − 2 excess can be explained with the millicharged particle mass mχ around 10 MeV and the product of the multiplicity factor and millicharge squared of Nχε2 ∼ 10−3. The minimal model faces severe constraints from direct searches at fixed-target experiments and astrophysical observables. However, if the millicharged particles are also charged under a hidden confining gauge group SU(Nχ) with a confinement scale of MeV, hidden-sector hadrons are unstable and can decay into neutrinos, which makes this scenario consistent with existing constraints. This explanation can be well tested at low-energy lepton colliders such as BESIII and Belle II as well as other proposed fixed-target experiments.
Regge conformal blocks from the Rindler-AdS black hole and the pole-skipping phenomena
Authors: Kim Keun-Young , Lee Kyung-Sun , Nishida Mitsuhiro 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We study a holographic construction of conformal blocks in the Regge limit of four-point scalar correlation functions by using coordinates of the two-sided Rindler-AdS black hole. As a generalization of geodesic Witten diagrams, we construct diagrams with four external scalar fields in the Rindler-AdS black hole by integrating over two half-geodesics between the centers of Penrose diagrams and points at the AdS boundary. We demonstrate that late-time behaviors of the diagrams coincide with the Regge behaviors of conformal blocks. We also point out their relevance with the pole-skipping phenomena by showing that the near-horizon analysis of symmetric traceless fields with any integer spin in the Rindler-AdS black hole can capture the Regge behaviors of conformal blocks.
Q-balls meet fuzzballs: non-BPS microstate geometries
Authors: Ganchev Bogdan , Houppe Anthony , Warner Nicholas P. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We construct a three-parameter family of non-extremal microstate geometries, or “microstrata”, that are dual to states and deformations of the D1-D5 CFT. These families are non-extremal analogues of superstrata. We find these microstrata by using a Q-ball-inspired Ansatz that reduces the equations of motion to solving for eleven functions of one variable. We then solve this system both perturbatively and numerically and the results match extremely well. We find that the solutions have normal mode frequencies that depend upon the amplitudes of the excitations. We also show that, at higher order in perturbations, some of the solutions, having started with normalizable modes, develop a “non-normalizable” part, suggesting that the microstrata represent states in a perturbed form of the D1-D5 CFT. This paper is intended as a “Proof of Concept” for the Q-ball-inspired approach, and we will describe how it opens the way to many interesting follow-up calculations both in supergravity and in the dual holographic field theory.
On improving NLO merging for $$ \mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}\mathrm{W} $$ production
Authors: Frederix Rikkert , Tsinikos Ioannis 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We introduce an improvement to the FxFx matrix element merging procedure for pp →$$ t\overline{t}W $$
t

t
¯

W
production at NLO in QCD with one and/or two additional jets. The main modification is an improved treatment of jets that are not logarithmically enhanced in the low transverse-momentum regime. We provide predictions for the inclusive cross section and the $$ t\overline{t}W $$
t

t
¯

W
differential distributions including parton-shower effects. Taking also the NLO EW corrections into account, this results in the most-accurate predictions for this process to date. We further proceed to include the on-shell LO decays of the $$ t\overline{t}W $$
t

t
¯

W
including the tree-level spin correlations within the narrow-width approximation, focusing on the multi-lepton signatures studied at the LHC. We find a ∼30% increase over the NLO QCD prediction and large non-flat K-factors to differential distributions.
Diagrammar of physical and fake particles and spectral optical theorem
Authors: Anselmi Damiano 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We prove spectral optical identities in quantum field theories of physical particles (defined by the Feynman iϵ prescription) and purely virtual particles (defined by the fakeon prescription). The identities are derived by means of purely algebraic operations and hold for every (multi)threshold separately and for arbitrary frequencies. Their major significance is that they offer a deeper understanding on the problem of unitarity in quantum field theory. In particular, they apply to “skeleton” diagrams, before integrating on the space components of the loop momenta and the phase spaces. In turn, the skeleton diagrams obey a spectral optical theorem, which gives the usual optical theorem for amplitudes, once the integrals on the space components of the loop momenta and the phase spaces are restored. The fakeon prescription/projection is implemented by dropping the thresholds that involve fakeon frequencies. We give examples at one loop (bubble, triangle, box, pentagon and hexagon), two loops (triangle with “diagonal”, box with diagonal) and arbitrarily many loops. We also derive formulas for the loop integrals with fakeons and relate them to the known formulas for the loop integrals with physical particles.
Attractors with large complex structure for one-parameter families of Calabi-Yau manifolds
Authors: Candelas Philip , Kuusela Pyry , McGovern Joseph 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe attractor equations for an arbitrary one-parameter family of Calabi-Yau manifolds are studied in the large complex structure region. These equations are solved iteratively, generating what we term anN-expansion, which is a power series in the Gromov-Witten invariants of the manifold. The coefficients of this series are associated with integer partitions. In important cases we are able to find closed-form expressions for the general term of this expansion. To our knowledge, these are the first generic solutions to attractor equations that incorporate instanton contributions. In particular, we find a simple closed-form formula for the entropy associated to rank two attractor points, including those recently discovered. The applications of our solutions are briefly discussed. Most importantly, we are able to give an expression for the Wald entropy of black holes that includes all genus 0 instanton corrections.
Completing the D7-brane local gaugino action
Authors: Hamada Yuta , Hebecker Arthur , Shiu Gary , Soler Pablo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Within the ongoing debate about de Sitter (dS) vacua in string theory, different aspects of explicit dS proposals have come under intense scrutiny. One key ingredient is D7-brane gaugino condensation, which is usually treated using effective 4d supergravity. However, it is clearly more desirable to derive the relevant scalar potential directly from a local 10d Lagrangian. Such a local 10d description captures the interactions among the various localized sources and the background fields which are smeared in the 4d Lagrangian. While progress in this endeavour has recently been made, some form of non-locality related to the 4-gaugino term has remained hidden in the available proposals. We spell out the local counterterm removing the divergence that arises when integrating out the 3-form flux and which, upon dimensional reduction, serves to reproduce the relevant part of the 4d supergravity action. This is both a step towards a more complete understanding of 10d type-IIB supergravity as well as specifically towards better control of dS constructions in string theory involving gaugino condensation.