bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nano-Metals Forming Bacteria in Egypt. II. Efficacy towards Some Bacterial Soft Rot/Blackleg Genera ex vivo and Bio-Control in vivo as Eco-Friendly Therapeutic against Dickeya Solani
Authors: Shoeib Alia A. , Ashmawy Nader A. , Kamal Ayman , Zaki Sahar Abd El Fatah 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The antibacterial activity of Cu, Fe, Co, and ZnNPs which were formed by Enterococcus thailandicus, Pseudomonas putida, Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus, and P. geniculate sequentially was tested against some soft rot/blackleg genera. The effects of NPs were recorded on bacterial DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates concentration of Pectobacterium carotovorum, Enterobacter cloacae (soft rot), and Dickeya solani (soft rot/blackleg). Treated cells showed degradation in the DNA isolated, and a decrease in proteins, and carbohydrates concentration compared with untreated cells. The treated cells using SEM showed collapsed, and small pits in the cell wall. Internal changes using TEM showed penetration of NPs inside the tested bacterial cells, the appearance of periplasmic space, formation vacuoles, and condensation of cytoplasm. Disease severity ex vivo of tuber infected with tested genera demonstrated that NPs treatment didn't show any rotted tissue compared with untreated. FeNPs were tested to control soft rot/blackleg disease caused by D. solani in comparison with copper pesticide. Present data recorded an increase in shoot and root length, in addition to, increase in dry and fresh weight, compared with either infected or healthy plants. In studying the ability of treated potato (Solanum tuberosum) seedlings with NPs to uptake and accumulate FeNPs from the soil, ICP-OES recorded a small increase in Fe content of treated plants compared with untreated. FeNPs can be used to control soft rot/blackleg disease caused by D. solani instead of copper pesticide and can be considered as a new and alternative approach to traditional disease management methods, and also increase the nutritional value of the plants
Tolerating bad health research: the continuing scandal
Authors: Pirosca Stefania , Shiely Frances , Clarke Mike , Treweek Shaun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

BackgroundAt the 2015 REWARD/EQUATOR conference on research waste, the late Doug Altman revealed that his only regret about his 1994 BMJ paper ‘The scandal of poor medical research’ was that he used the word ‘poor’ rather than ‘bad’. But how much research is bad? And what would improve things?Main textWe focus on randomised trials and look at scale, participants and cost. We randomly selected up to two quantitative intervention reviews published by all clinical Cochrane Review Groups between May 2020 and April 2021. Data including risk of bias, number of participants, intervention type and country were extracted for all trials included in selected reviews. High risk of bias trials were classed as bad. The cost of high risk of bias trials was estimated using published estimates of trial cost per-participant.We identified 96 reviews authored by 546 reviewers from 49 clinical Cochrane Review Groups that included 1,659 trials done in 84 countries. Of the 1,640 trials providing risk of bias information, 1,013 (62%) were high risk of bias (bad), 494 (30%) unclear and 133 (8%) low risk of bias. Bad trials were spread across all clinical areas and all countries. Well over 220,000 participants (or 56% of all participants) were in bad trials. The low estimate of the cost of bad trials was £726 million; our high estimate was over £8 billion. We have five recommendations: trials should be neither funded (1) or given ethical approval (2) unless they have a statistician and methodologist; trialists should use a risk of bias tool at design (3); more statisticians and methodologists should be trained and supported (4); there should be more funding into applied methodology research and infrastructure (5). ConclusionsMost randomised trials are bad and most trial participants will be in one. The research community has tolerated this for decades. This has to stop: we need to put rigour and methodology where it belongs– at the centre of our science.
Sociodemographic Factors Associated With HPV Awareness/Knowledge and Cervical Cancer Screening Behaviors Among Caregivers in the US
Authors: Kim Jiyeong , Dove Melanie , Dang Julie HT 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background. Family caregivers may be at a higher risk for several chronic diseases including cancer. Cervical cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers among U.S. women. Despite family caregivers’ vulnerability, the status of their HPV awareness, knowledge, and preventive health behaviors, including cervical cancer screening, have been understudied. Thus, this study aimed to examine the sociodemographic factors associated with HPV awareness and knowledge, and adherence to the cervical cancer screening guidelines among caregivers in the U.S. Methods. Nationally representative cross-sectional survey data were obtained from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 5, 2017-2020). Only female caregivers, aged 21-65, were included (N= 834). Weighted multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with HPV awareness, knowledge, and adherence to the United States Preventive Service Task Force cervical cancer screening guidelines (by age, race/ethnicity, education, household income, marital status, employment status, and health insurance type). Results. Caregivers who were older (aged 51-65 vs. 21-50), were less educated (high school graduate or less vs. some college or more) showed lower adherence to the cervical cancer screening guidelines (every 3 years) than their counterparts. Caregivers who were older and less educated showed lower HPV awareness (Heard of HPV).Conclusions. There are caregiving populations whose HPV awareness, knowledge and cervical cancer screening adherence are low. To improve their awareness and knowledge of HPV and support their cervical cancer screening behaviors, we need to consider interventions that target those specific populations.
Comparative Study on Molecular Epidemiology of Measles H1a Outbreak and Sporadic Cases in Shandong Province, 2013-2019
Authors: Wang Suting , Wang Changyin , Liu Xiaodong , Xiong Ping , Liu Yao , Tao Zexin , Chen Meng , Xu Qing , Zhang Li , Xu Aiqiang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Measles caused by measles virus (MeV) is a highly contagious viral disease which has also been associated with complications including pneumonia, myocarditis, encephalitis, and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. The current study collected33 strains from 2013 to 2019 in 13 cities of Shandong province and separate them into 2 group, outbreak cases and sporadic cases. Comparative of genetic characterization between 15 outbreak strains and 18 sporadic strains was made using nucleotide sequencing of the C-terminal region of the N protein gene(N-450). Results: The results showed that all 33 stains belonged to genotype H1a. The outbreak strains and sporadic strains distribute crossly in phylogenetic tree. Sequences alignment revealed some interesting G and A transversion, which change the amino acids, on sites 1317, 1422, 1543. The nucleotide sequence and amino acid homologies of 15 Shandong outbreak isolates were 98%–100% (0–10 nucleotide variation) and 97.7%–100%, for sporadic isolations, they are 97.3%–100% and 96.6%–100% respectively. The mean evolution rate of 15 outbreak isolations and 18 sporadic isolations was 4.73× 10-3 and 2.068× 10-3 substitutions per site per year separately, which is higher than the study made before 2002. Conclusions: This report compared epidemic and genetic characteristics of outbreak strains and sporadic strains, and raise evolutionary study of sporadic cases may be helpful for discovery of the possibility of outbreak, especially in the stage of measles elimination.
Exploring the Compliance of Resilient High-Caries-Risk Patients Who Reversed Caries Severity
Authors: Wang Ming-Ching , Wu Ching-Yi , Chen Wei-Han , Liu Chieh-Yu , Ho Yi-Ching 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Behavioural factors, such as compliance and regular dental attendance, have been proven to reverse caries severity. However, these factors have not been explored enough. The aim of this study was to explore the behavioural characteristics of compliant patients who had severe dental caries in primary dentition but whose dental conditions were considerably improved in mixed or permanent dentition.Methods: The 'w and W' criteria were designed to classify patients who had a worse or higher caries risk in primary and mixed or permanent dentition. Resilience, or reversal of caries severity, was thus defined as improvement based on these criteria. Interviews were performed with two groups of participants, including eight resilient children (M/F= 5/3) and their ten caregivers (M/F=2/8) in the patient group and ten paediatric dentists (M/F=6/4; clinical experience mean=26.9 years, minimum=16 years) in the dentist group. Thematic analyses were used to identify main themes.Results: Four themes were identified: (1) dental things/teeth are their priority, (2) normalising, (3) tiger parenting/conscientiousness and (4) trust. These ideas were identically described by both the patient and dentist groups.Conclusions: Resilience is the behavioural characteristic of children who outperform expectations, given their caries history and risk. Resilient patients reverse the fate of their teeth by their compliance with treatment protocols following dental guidelines, changing their dental behaviours, and thus, leading to treatment success. Dentists' suggestions are the priority and provide the norms in resilient patients' daily life. These patients find no excuses for not implementing dentists' advice, not only because they trust their dentists but also because they and their caregivers were conscientious about following dentists’ orders.
Novel Homozygous Mutation in PDZD7 Gene in a Family with Nonsyndromic Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Du Qiang , Sun Qin , Wang Jinchao , Li Weitao , Guo Luo , Li Huawei , Gu Xiaodong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Hearing loss is the most common sensory neural disorder in human, and according to WHO estimation, 5.5% (466 million) people worldwide have disabling hearing loss. In this study, a Chinese family with prelingual sensorineural hearing loss was investigated. The affected individuals showed moderately-severe hearing loss at all frequencies. Using target genome enrichment and high-throughput sequencing, a homozygous mutation c.2372delC, p.S791Ffs*17 was identified in PDZD7. The deletion mutation lies in exon 15 of PDZD7 and resultes in a frame shift followed by an early stop codon. Our study expand the mutation spectrum of PDZD7 and strengthens the clinical importance of this gene in patients with moderately-severe hearing loss.
Role of the Arts in the Life and Mental Health of Young People That Participate in Artistic Groups in Colombia: a Qualitative Study
Authors: Gómez-Restrepo Carlos , Casasbuenas Natalia Godoy , Ortiz-Hernández Natalia , Bird Victoria Jane , Acosta María Paula Jassir , Restrepo José Miguel Uribe , Sarmiento Bryan Alexander Murillo , Priebe Stefan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Young adults and adolescents are in stage where their mental health is more vulnerable. In Latin América, there are factors that predispose young people towards an increased risk of suffering from mental illness. However more than half of the young people who manifest symptoms of depression and anxiety are able to overcome these episodes approximately one year after the onset of symptoms. This is related to the concept of resilience.Methods: The main objective of the study was to characterize the role of the arts in relation to mental health in young people involved in artistic organizations in Bogota. Six artistic workshops and focus groups were conducted, with 38 participants from two arts organizations in Bogota. The type of artistic workshop varied depending on the type of art taught in each institution. The focus group discussions were recorded, transcribed, coded and analyzed using an inductive analysis methodology.Results: There were five themes that emerged in explaining the role of the arts in relation to the mental health of young people. These themes included i) the management and expression of emotions, ii) the transformation of emotions, iii) the distracting quality of the arts, iv) the arts as a social facilitator and v) the arts as part of the identity and lifestyle of young people.Conclusions: For young people who participate in artistic activities, the arts are a tool for managing emotions perceived as negative, such as stress, anxiety, depression and sadness. Their perception of the arts as a tool for mental health was viewed differently depending on whether it is perceived as a professional vocation versus a hobby. These findings are relevant within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, taking into account that the participants were exposed to various mental health risk factors, such as an extended obligatory quarantine and social distancing.
Side Effects After Vaccination Using the Pfizer-Biontech (Bnt162b2) Against Sars-Cov-2 in the Young Adults
Authors: Krótki Filipina , Jońca Mateusz , Mariankowska Anna , Bębenek Adam , Surówka Anna , Tomasik Przemysław 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: In order to limit the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, national immunization programs have started in many countries. Vaccinations are effective in preventing infection and severe clinical form of COVID-19, which affects 15% of patients. Despite the high efficacy of The Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) vaccine, the characterization of side effects in age-stratified populations is still not exhaustive in the literature.Aim: The aim of our study is to determine what side effects affect the population of young adults following vaccination with the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (BNT162b2).Material and methods: An anonymous survey was conducted. People vaccinated with two doses of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BNT162b2) were qualified for the study. The Paired Wilcoxon and Fisher's exact tests were used for statistical analysis.Results: The main side effects after the first dose were increased pain, pain and swelling at the injection site. After the 2nd dose, the dominant side effects were weakness, fever and headache. In the case of the 2nd dose, no difference in side effects was observed between those who suffered of COVID-19 and those who had no symptoms of COVID-19 in their past medical history.
SARS-CoV-2 infection and persistence throughout the human body and brain
Authors: Chertow Daniel , Stein Sydney , Ramelli Sabrina , Grazioli Alison , Chung Joon-Yong , Singh Manmeet , Yinda Claude Kwe , Winkler Clayton , Dickey James , Ylaya Kris , Ko Sung Hee , Platt Andrew , Burbelo Peter , Quezado Martha , Pittaluga Stefania , Purcell Madeleine , Munster Vincent , Belinky Frida , Ramos-Benitez Marcos , Boritz Eli , Herr Daniel , Rabin Joseph , Saharia Kapil , Madathil Ronson , Tabatabai Ali , Soherwardi Shahabuddin , McCurdy Michael , Peterson Karin , Cohen Jeffrey , de Wit Emmie , Vannella Kevin , Hewitt Stephen , Kleiner David 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 is known to cause multi-organ dysfunction1-3 in acute infection, with prolonged symptoms experienced by some patients, termed Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC)4-5. However, the burden of infection outside the respiratory tract and time to viral clearance is not well characterized, particularly in the brain3,6-14. We performed complete autopsies on 44 patients with COVID-19 to map and quantify SARS-CoV-2 distribution, replication, and cell-type specificity across the human body, including brain, from acute infection through over seven months following symptom onset. We show that SARS-CoV-2 is widely distributed, even among patients who died with asymptomatic to mild COVID-19, and that virus replication is present in multiple extrapulmonary tissues early in infection. Further, we detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in multiple anatomic sites, including regions throughout the brain, for up to 230 days following symptom onset. Despite extensive distribution of SARS-CoV-2 in the body, we observed a paucity of inflammation or direct viral cytopathology outside of the lungs. Our data prove that SARS-CoV-2 causes systemic infection and can persist in the body for months.
The Method of Measuring Carbon Sinks Based on the Changes of oxygen concentration in Forest Canopy
Authors: XING CHANGSHAN , LV JIANG , SHI YUN 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Measuring Forest Carbon Sinks is becoming a popular topic as the need of many countries’ carbon neutrality plans. We demonstrate a simple and accurate method of Forest Carbon Sinks measurement. By observing the daily average oxygen concentration in the canopy, we found it presented a parabolic distribution from Spring to Fall in a year. The forest finished the cycle from releasing oxygen and sequestrating carbon dioxide to using oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide in this period. We calculated the carbon sequestration of the forest was 101.39t/hm2/y, the Carbon Sink was 15.09t/hm2/y by calculating the changes of oxygen concentration in a growth cycle, the Carbon Sink is 16.29% of the carbon sequestration.
Nodal Positive Breast Cancer and Its Regional Lymph Node Involvement
Authors: Maennle Heidrun , Frank Matthias , Momm Felix , Siebers Jan Willem 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose: In breast cancer, the lymph node status is of prognostic importance and a decisive factor in therapy planning. This study shows the distribution of lymph nodes metastases of node-positive breast cancer patients. Risk factors for lymph node metastases are described.Methods: 2095 patients with primary breast cancer were analyzed. Analysis included descriptive analysis (median, standard deviation, ranges) and statistical analysis (Chi², discriminant analysis).Results: The nodal stage was positive in 39.4% of all patients and negative in 60.6%. If the nodal stage was positive, only 1 lymph node was involved in 36% of the patients; more than 1 lymph node was involved in 64% of the patients. With an increasing number of lymph node metastases in level I, the probability of an involvement in level III also increases (F 437.845, p = .000). Other indicators are evidence of hemangiosis (F 247.728, p = .000) or lymphangiosis (F 167.368, P = .000). Despite <10 affected lymph nodes, 3.4% of the patients had nodal stage N3 due to level III involvement.Conclusion: Even with only a small number of lymph node metastases in level I higher lymphatic stations are often affected. The data cannot lead to a decision regarding an operation or radiation indication, but they can better substantiate the risk for certain therapy decisions.
Whole-Transcriptome Analysis of Serum L1CAM-Captured Extracellular Vesicles Reveals Neural And Glycosylation Changes In Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Qin Yannan , Cao Li , Zhang Haiqing , Cai Shuang , Zhang Jinyuan , Guo Bo , Wu Fei , Zhao Lingyu , Li Wen , Ni Lei , Liu Liying , Wang Xiaofei , Chen Yanni , Huang Chen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The pathophysiology of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is not fully understood and there are no diagnostic or predictive biomarkers. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nano-sized vesicles, carrying nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and other bioactive substances. As reported, serum neural cell adhesion molecule L1 (L1CAM)-captured EVs (LCEVs) can provide reliable biomarkers for neurological diseases; however, little is known about the LCEVs in children with ASD. In this study, serum samples were collected from 100 ASD children and 60 age-matched typically developed (TD) children. LCEVs were isolated and characterized meticulously. Whole-transcriptome of LCEVs was analyzed by lncRNA microarray and RNA-Sequencing. All raw data was submitted on GEO Profiles, and GEO accession numbers is GSE186493. RNAs expressed differently in LCEVs from ASD sera vs. TD sera were screened, analyzed, and further validated. A total of 1418 mRNAs, 1745 lncRNAs and 11 miRNAs were differentially expressed, and most of them were down-regulated in ASD. Most RNAs were involved in neuron- and glycan-related networks implicated in ASD. The levels of EDNRA, SLC17A6, HTR3A, OSTC, TMEM165, PC-5p-139289_26, and hsa-miR-193a-5p changed significantly in ASD. In conclusion, whole-transcriptome analysis of serum LCEVs reveals neural and glycosylation changes in ASD, which may help detect predictive biomarkers and molecular mechanisms of ASD, and provide reference for diagnoses and therapeutic management of the disease.
Chemical Route Manufactured ZnO Nanoparticles And Their Biological Accumulation
Authors: Bouloudenine M. , Laala-Bouali H. , Djeddou K. , Bououdina M. , Grara N. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
ZnO nanocrystalline powder was successfully synthesized via co-precipitation method coupled with high annealing treatment. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the NPs have a pure hexagonal wurtzite structure with a mean crystallite size of approximately 59 nm. FESEM observations along with EDS analysis indicated the formation of fine particles in the nanoscale regime, with hexagonal shape and high purity. Both Raman and photoluminescence characterizations confirmed the high crystalline and the optical quality of the synthesized ZnO NPs. The assessment of the impact of ZnO-based nanoparticles and their effects on body and bioaccumulative bioindicators of pollution, Helix aspersa snails was performed in order to preserve the safe development of nanotechnology.