bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What factors are associated with forms of mistreatment during facility-based childbirth? A survey of referral health facilities in south-east Nigeria
Authors: Okedo-Alex Ijeoma Nkem , Akamike Ifeyinwa Chizoba , Igwilo Ugonna , Onwasigwe Chika Nwakanma 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMistreatment during childbirth in health facilities contributes significantly to suboptimal levels of skilled birth attendance. This study determined the factors associated with mistreatment during facility-based childbirth in two referral facilities in south-east Nigeria. A survey of 620 women whose childbirth occurred in two high-patronage referral hospitals of Ebonyi, Nigeria, was conducted in July–September 2018 using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors. The mean age of the respondents was 29.86 ± 4.4 years. Most had post-secondary education (71.0%), and had attended at least four antenatal visits (83.4%). The prevalence of any mistreatment during childbirth was 56%. Rural residence (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.53; CI: 0.35, 0.78, p = 0.002) and childbirth facilitated by a doctor (AOR: 1.7; CI: 1.14, 2.39, p = 0.007) were predictors of reporting at least one form of mistreatment during childbirth. Childbirth facilitated by a doctor (AOR: 1.66; CI: 1.05, 2.63, p = 0.031) and unemployment (AOR: 1.84; CI: 1.01, 3.07, p = 0.011) increased the odds of non-consented and non-dignified care, respectively. Rural residence (AOR: 0.57; CI: 0.37, 0.88, p = 0.011) and childbirth facilitated by a doctor (AOR: 0.65; CI: 0.45, 0.94, p = 0.020) were protective against abandonment/neglect. Vaginal birth (AOR: 0.33; CI: 0.16, 0.69, p = 0.003) reduced the odds of detention in the health facility following childbirth. Almost three-fifths of the women whose childbirths occurred in the surveyed facilities experienced at least one form of mistreatment during childbirth. Place of residence, health professional type, mode of childbirth, employment status and frequency of antenatal attendance were predictors of mistreatment during childbirth. Rights-based sensitization for women, especially in the rural areas, female empowerment, provider capacity-building on respectful client care and provision of subsidized maternal health services are recommended.
Evaluation of Annona muricata (Graviola) leaves activity against experimental trichinellosis: in vitro and in vivo studies
Authors: El-Wakil E.S. , Abdelmaksoud H.F. , AbouShousha T.S. , Ghallab M.M.I. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Our work aimed to evaluate the possible effect of Annona muricata (Graviola) leaf extract on Trichinella spiralis in in vitro and in vivo studies. Trichinella spiralis worms were isolated from infected mice and transferred to three culture media – group I (with no drugs), group II (contained Graviola) and group III (contained albendazole) – then they were examined using the electron microscope. In the in vivo study, mice were divided into five groups: GI (infected untreated), GII (prophylactically treated with Graviola for seven days before infection), GIII (infected and treated with Graviola), GIV (infected and treated with albendazole) and GV (infected and treated with a combination of Graviola plus albendazole in half doses). Drug effects were assessed by adults and larvae load beside the histopathological small intestinal and muscular changes. A significant reduction of adult and larval counts occurred in treated groups in comparison to the control group. Histopathologically, marked improvement in the small intestinal and muscular changes was observed in treated groups. Also, massive destruction of the cultured adults’ cuticle was detected in both drugs. This study revealed that Graviola leaves have potential activity against trichinellosis, especially in combination with albendazole, and could serve as an adjuvant to anti-trichinellosis drug therapy.
Common Morality Principles in Biomedical Ethics: Responses to Critics
Authors: Childress James F. , Beauchamp Tom L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAfter briefly sketching common-morality principlism, as presented in Principles of Biomedical Ethics, this paper responds to two recent sets of challenges to this framework. The first challenge claims that medical ethics is autonomous and unique and thus not a form of, or justified or guided by, a common morality or by any external morality or moral theory. The second challenge denies that there is a common morality and insists that futile efforts to develop common-morality approaches to bioethics limit diversity and prevent needed moral change. This paper argues that these two critiques fundamentally fail because they significantly misunderstand their target and because their proposed alternatives have major deficiencies and encounter insurmountable problems.
Un(COIL)ing the Pandemic: Active and Affective Learning in Times of COVID-19
Authors: Cotoman Violeta , Davies Annabel , Kawagoe Nanako , Niihashi Hana , Rahman Aisha , Tomita Yuki , Watanabe Atsuko , Rösch Felix 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a global effect on higher education. Overnight, entire degree programs had to be moved online. Whereas this meant that teaching and learning in political science and international relations also went into “emergency e-learning” mode, as a recent teacher spotlight in PS: Political Science & Politics termed it, moving online also offered opportunities. One opportunity is collaborative online international learning (COIL) that enables students from universities in different countries to work on a common project. This article argues that working together collaboratively online not only mitigates the pandemic’s physical restrictions and sustains a global space of learning; it also provides for a particular active and affective learning in an intercultural virtual environment that substantiates classroom experiences even in post-pandemic higher education. To support this argument, this article reflects on the experiences of a British–Japanese COIL project that investigated political responses to COVID-19.
Pastoral Supervision for Safe Churches
Authors: Broughton Geoff 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis essay will examine the contribution of pastoral (professional) supervision in enabling and ensuring a safe church. Pastoral supervision is the brave, safe space where clergy (and ministry workers) reflect on their ministry practice in a regular, planned supervision session. The present article emerges from a decade of training pastoral supervisors and consultation across the national Anglican Church during 2019 based on recommendations made by the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse. It concludes that the properly Christian way for pastoral supervision to change the culture of the Church is christological: a rigorous grounding of its theory and practice in the story of Jesus Christ.
Oceanic and Atmospheric Correlations to Cetacean Mass Stranding Events in Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA
Authors: Zellar R. , Pulkkinen A. , Moore K. , Rousseaux C. S. , Reeb D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGroups of pelagic dolphins and whales (order Cetacea) regularly strand on beaches throughout the world. These strandings are referred to as mass stranding events (MSEs). MSEs have been observed for centuries, however the underlying causes remain unclear. In Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA, MSEs usually involve only a few species of cetaceans. We investigated possible connections between MSEs in Cape Cod and regional wind and ocean currents. The seasonal MSE distribution is strongly correlated to both wind and ocean current strengths, and correlation is maximized when MSEs are compared to environmental data one month in the past. Furthermore, a superposed epoch analysis (a Chree analysis) indicates significant shifts in ocean current strength for months surrounding MSEs. These results may indicate that atmospheric and oceanic effects are possible underlying factors influencing MSEs. These factors could generate environments conducive for prey assemblages that attract cetaceans, or perhaps by driving seasonal production of prey species.
Isotropic Source Components of Events in the 2019 Ridgecrest, California, Earthquake Sequence
Authors: Cheng Yifang , Wang Xin , Zhan Zhongwen , Ben‐Zion Yehuda 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe investigate the non‐double‐couple components of 224 M ≥ 3.0 earthquakes in the 2019 Mw7.1 Ridgecrest sequence, which occurred on a complex fault system in the Eastern California Shear Zone. Full moment tensors are derived using waveform data from near‐fault and regional stations with a generalized cut‐and‐paste inversion and 3‐D velocity and attenuation models. The results show limited Compensated Linear Vector Dipole components, but considerable explosive isotropic components (5%–15% of the total moments) for approximately 50 earthquakes. Most of these events occur between the Mw6.4 foreshock and 1 day after the Mw7.1 mainshock and are mainly distributed around the rupture ends and fault intersections. The percentage of isotropic components is reduced considerably when data recorded by near‐fault stations are not included in the inversions, highlighting the importance of near‐fault data. The results suggest that high‐frequency damage‐related radiation and other local dilatational processes are responsible for the observed isotropic source terms.
Turbulence Characteristics of Thunderstorms Before the First Flash in Comparison to Non‐Thunderstorms
Authors: Zhao Chuanhong , Zheng Dong , Zhang Yijun , Liu Xiantong , Zhang Yang , Yao Wen , Zhang Wenjuan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study evaluates how clouds evolve into thunderstorms in terms of the turbulence characteristics producing the first flash. Observations of 57 (39) isolated thunderstorm (non‐thunderstorm) cells during 2016/2017 in Southern China are provided by an S‐band polarimetric radar and three independent lightning location systems. The vertical turbulence characteristics of clouds associated with thunderstorms are obviously different from non‐thunderstorms. For thunderstorms, the maximum of the eddy dissipation rate (mean value in each height layer) in the entire height is 0.19 m2 s−3, which occurs at the first flash stage, and the achievable height of turbulence exceeds the −30°C layer. For non‐thunderstorms, however, the maximum is 0.12 m2 s−3, and the achievable turbulence height hardly exceeds the −10°C layer. Additionally, the turbulence intensities of the locations where the initial discharge pulse events of the first flashes occur are weak. These turbulence characteristics are useful for lightning nowcasting.
A Regime‐Based Investigation Into the Errors of CMIP6 Simulated Cloud Radiative Effects Using Satellite Observations
Authors: Miao Hao , Wang Xiaocong , Liu Yimin , Wu Guoxiong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUsing a variety of CloudSat/CALIPSO products, this study synergistically examines the performance of clouds and their radiative effects (CRE) for models participating in CMIP6. Results show virtually all models overestimate the net cooling effect of clouds, which is caused by the overestimation of shortwave CRE and the underestimation of longwave CRE. By dividing clouds into regimes jointly sorted by cloud water path and cloud cover, we found models commonly underestimate the relative frequency of occurrence (RFO) for clouds that are geometrically thick, and the bias of RFO is dominant over that of within‐regime CRE in an error decomposition of total CRE. This results in underestimations of CRE in geometrically thick clouds, which are partially offset by overestimations in the remaining cloud regimes, leading to the globally averaged CRE being less biased. The consideration of regime‐based CRE gives important information that could be used for correction of cloud parameterization in models.
Hot-band absorption of indocyanine green for advanced anti-stokes fluorescence bioimaging
Authors: Zhou Jing , Fan Xiaoxiao , Wu Di , Liu Jie , Zhang Yuhuang , Ye Zikang , Xue Dingwei , He Mubin , Zhu Liang , Feng Zhe , Kuzmin Andrey N. , Liu Wen , Prasad Paras N. , Qian Jun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBright anti-Stokes fluorescence (ASF) in the first near-infrared spectral region (NIR-I, 800 nm–900 nm) under the excitation of a 915 nm continuous wave (CW) laser, is observed in Indocyanine Green (ICG), a dye approved by the Food and Drug Administration for clinical use. The dependence of fluorescence intensity on excitation light power and temperature, together with fluorescence lifetime measurement, establish this ASF to be originated from absorption from a thermally excited vibrational level (hot-band absorption), as shown in our experiments, which is stronger than the upconversion fluorescence from widely-used rare-earth ion doped nanoparticles. To test the utility of this ASF NIR-I probe for advanced bioimaging, we successively apply it for biothermal sensing, cerebral blood vessel tomography and blood stream velocimetry. Moreover, in combination with L1057 nanoparticles, which absorb the ASF of ICG and emit beyond 1100 nm, these two probes generate multi-mode images in two fluorescent channels under the excitation of a single 915 nm CW laser. One channel is used to monitor two overlapping organs, urinary system & blood vessel of a live mouse, while the other shows urinary system only. Using in intraoperative real-time monitoring, such multi-mode imaging method can be beneficial for visual guiding in anatomy of the urinary system to avoid any accidental injury to the surrounding blood vessels during surgery.
LPCAT1 reprogramming cholesterol metabolism promotes the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Tao Mingyue , Luo Jing , Gu Tong , Yu Xiaojuan , Song Zhen , Jun Yali , Gu Hao , Han Kairong , Huang Xiujuan , Yu Weiyong , Sun Su’an , Zhang Zhengwei , Liu Lu , Chen Xiaofei , Zhang Li , Luo Chao , Wang Qilong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTumor cells require high levels of cholesterol for membrane biogenesis for rapid proliferation during development. Beyond the acquired cholesterol from low-density lipoprotein (LDL) taken up from circulation, tumor cells can also biosynthesize cholesterol. The molecular mechanism underlying cholesterol anabolism in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its effect on patient prognosis are unclear. Dysregulation of lipid metabolism is common in cancer. Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1) has been implicated in various cancer types; however, its role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. In this study, we identified that LPCAT1 is highly expressed in ESCC and that LPCAT1 reprograms cholesterol metabolism in ESCC. LPCAT1 expression was negatively correlated with patient prognosis. Cholesterol synthesis in ESCC cells was significantly inhibited following LPCAT1 knockdown; cell proliferation, invasion, and migration were significantly reduced, along with the growth of xenograft subcutaneous tumors. LPCAT1 could regulate the expression of the cholesterol synthesis enzyme, SQLE, by promoting the activation of PI3K, thereby regulating the entry of SP1/SREBPF2 into the nucleus. LPCAT1 also activates EGFR leading to the downregulation of INSIG-1 expression, facilitating the entry of SREBP-1 into the nucleus to promote cholesterol synthesis. Taken together, LPCAT1 reprograms tumor cell cholesterol metabolism in ESCC and can be used as a potential treatment target against ESCC.
Sirtuin 3 regulates mitochondrial protein acetylation and metabolism in tubular epithelial cells during renal fibrosis
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wen Ping , Luo Jing , Ding Hao , Cao Hongdi , He Weichun , Zen Ke , Zhou Yang , Yang Junwei , Jiang Lei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractProximal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) demand high energy and rely on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation as the main energy source. However, this is disturbed in renal fibrosis. Acetylation is an important post-translational modification for mitochondrial metabolism. The mitochondrial protein NAD+-dependent deacetylase sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) regulates mitochondrial metabolic function. Therefore, we aimed to identify the changes in the acetylome in tubules from fibrotic kidneys and determine their association with mitochondria. We found that decreased SIRT3 expression was accompanied by increased acetylation in mitochondria that have separated from TECs during the early phase of renal fibrosis. Sirt3 knockout mice were susceptible to hyper-acetylated mitochondrial proteins and to severe renal fibrosis. The activation of SIRT3 by honokiol ameliorated acetylation and prevented renal fibrosis. Analysis of the acetylome in separated tubules using LC–MS/MS showed that most kidney proteins were hyper-acetylated after unilateral ureteral obstruction. The increased acetylated proteins with 26.76% were mitochondrial proteins which were mapped to a broad range of mitochondrial pathways including fatty acid β-oxidation, the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), and oxidative phosphorylation. Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α (PDHE1α), which is the primary link between glycolysis and the TCA cycle, was hyper-acetylated at lysine 385 in TECs after TGF-β1 stimulation and was regulated by SIRT3. Our findings showed that mitochondrial proteins involved in regulating energy metabolism were acetylated and targeted by SIRT3 in TECs. The deacetylation of PDHE1α by SIRT3 at lysine 385 plays a key role in metabolic reprogramming associated with renal fibrosis.
SMARCA4/2 loss inhibits chemotherapy-induced apoptosis by restricting IP3R3-mediated Ca2+ flux to mitochondria
Authors: Xue Yibo , Morris Jordan L. , Yang Kangning , Fu Zheng , Zhu Xianbing , Johnson Fraser , Meehan Brian , Witkowski Leora , Yasmeen Amber , Golenar Tunde , Coatham Mackenzie , Morin Geneviève , Monast Anie , Pilon Virginie , Fiset Pierre Olivier , Jung Sungmi , Gonzalez Anne V. , Camilleri-Broet Sophie , Fu Lili , Postovit Lynne-Marie , Spicer Jonathan , Gotlieb Walter H. , Guiot Marie-Christine , Rak Janusz , Park Morag , Lockwood William , Foulkes William D. , Prudent Julien , Huang Sidong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInactivating mutations in SMARCA4 and concurrent epigenetic silencing of SMARCA2 characterize subsets of ovarian and lung cancers. Concomitant loss of these key subunits of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes in both cancers is associated with chemotherapy resistance and poor prognosis. Here, we discover that SMARCA4/2 loss inhibits chemotherapy-induced apoptosis through disrupting intracellular organelle calcium ion (Ca2+) release in these cancers. By restricting chromatin accessibility to ITPR3, encoding Ca2+ channel IP3R3, SMARCA4/2 deficiency causes reduced IP3R3 expression leading to impaired Ca2+ transfer from the endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria required for apoptosis induction. Reactivation of SMARCA2 by a histone deacetylase inhibitor rescues IP3R3 expression and enhances cisplatin response in SMARCA4/2-deficient cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings elucidate the contribution of SMARCA4/2 to Ca2+-dependent apoptosis induction, which may be exploited to enhance chemotherapy response in SMARCA4/2-deficient cancers.
Time-resolved in vivo ubiquitinome profiling by DIA-MS reveals USP7 targets on a proteome-wide scale
Authors: Steger Martin , Demichev Vadim , Backman Mattias , Ohmayer Uli , Ihmor Phillip , Müller Stefan , Ralser Markus , Daub Henrik 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMass spectrometry (MS)-based ubiquitinomics provides system-level understanding of ubiquitin signaling. Here we present a scalable workflow for deep and precise in vivo ubiquitinome profiling, coupling an improved sample preparation protocol with data-independent acquisition (DIA)-MS and neural network-based data processing specifically optimized for ubiquitinomics. Compared to data-dependent acquisition (DDA), our method more than triples identification numbers to 70,000 ubiquitinated peptides in single MS runs, while significantly improving robustness and quantification precision. Upon inhibition of the oncology target USP7, we simultaneously record ubiquitination and consequent changes in abundance of more than 8,000 proteins at high temporal resolution. While ubiquitination of hundreds of proteins increases within minutes of USP7 inhibition, we find that only a small fraction of those are ever degraded, thereby dissecting the scope of USP7 action. Our method enables rapid mode-of-action profiling of candidate drugs targeting DUBs or ubiquitin ligases at high precision and throughput.
Understanding the onset of hot streaks across artistic, cultural, and scientific careers
Authors: Liu Lu , Dehmamy Nima , Chown Jillian , Giles C. Lee , Wang Dashun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAcross a range of creative domains, individual careers are characterized by hot streaks, which are bursts of high-impact works clustered together in close succession. Yet it remains unclear if there are any regularities underlying the beginning of hot streaks. Here, we analyze career histories of artists, film directors, and scientists, and develop deep learning and network science methods to build high-dimensional representations of their creative outputs. We find that across all three domains, individuals tend to explore diverse styles or topics before their hot streak, but become notably more focused after the hot streak begins. Crucially, hot streaks appear to be associated with neither exploration nor exploitation behavior in isolation, but a particular sequence of exploration followed by exploitation, where the transition from exploration to exploitation closely traces the onset of a hot streak. Overall, these results may have implications for identifying and nurturing talents across a wide range of creative domains.
Loss of polycomb repressive complex 1 activity and chromosomal instability drive uveal melanoma progression
Authors: Bakhoum Mathieu F. , Francis Jasmine H. , Agustinus Albert , Earlie Ethan M. , Di Bona Melody , Abramson David H. , Duran Mercedes , Masilionis Ignas , Molina Elsa , Shoushtari Alexander N. , Goldbaum Michael H. , Mischel Paul S. , Bakhoum Samuel F. , Laughney Ashley M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChromosomal instability (CIN) and epigenetic alterations have been implicated in tumor progression and metastasis; yet how these two hallmarks of cancer are related remains poorly understood. By integrating genetic, epigenetic, and functional analyses at the single cell level, we show that progression of uveal melanoma (UM), the most common intraocular primary cancer in adults, is driven by loss of Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) in a subpopulation of tumor cells. This leads to transcriptional de-repression of PRC1-target genes and mitotic chromosome segregation errors. Ensuing CIN leads to the formation of rupture-prone micronuclei, exposing genomic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) to the cytosol. This provokes tumor cell-intrinsic inflammatory signaling, mediated by aberrant activation of the cGAS-STING pathway. PRC1 inhibition promotes nuclear enlargement, induces a transcriptional response that is associated with significantly worse patient survival and clinical outcomes, and enhances migration that is rescued upon pharmacologic inhibition of CIN or STING. Thus, deregulation of PRC1 can promote tumor progression by inducing CIN and represents an opportunity for early therapeutic intervention.