bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to develop molecularly imprinted mesoporous silica for selective recognition of analytes in pharmaceutical, environmental, and food samples
Authors: Susanti Ike , Hasanah Aliya N. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) has poor site accessibility to the target molecule because the functional groups are embedded with a high cross‐linking density in a polymer matrix. In recent years, molecularly imprinted mesoporous silica (MIP‐MS) has been studied to overcome the drawbacks of MIP. MIP‐MS uses mesoporous silica as a support material; it has a large surface area, large pore size, an abundance of surface functional groups, and stable physical and chemical properties. MIP‐MS can increase selectivity, binding capacities, and the specific recognition ability and provides good stability. Many techniques have been developed for synthesizing MIP‐MS to increase its advantages. MIP‐MS has been used for sample preparation and extraction of analytes in various samples. We provide an overview of the methods for synthesizing MIP‐MS; factors that affect synthesis and application in sample preparation; and extraction of analytes in pharmaceutical, environmental, and food samples. In the end, we provide future perspectives on the study of this material.
Influence of nucleating agents on morphology and properties of injection‐molded polypropylene
Authors: Abreu Andressa Argani , Talabi Segun Isaac , de Almeida Lucas Alessandra 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIsotactic polypropylene (i‐PP) samples containing three nucleating agents: 1,3:2,4‐bis(3,4‐dimethylobenzylideno)sorbitol (DMDBS), bis(4‐propylbenzylidene)propilsorbitol (NX8000), and lithium2,2‐methylene‐bis(4,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl)phosphate (NA‐71) were prepared via a twin‐screw extruder. The role of these additives on i‐PP properties was studied using polarized light microscopy (PLOM) with hot stage, atomic force microscopy (AFM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), and Haze‐Gard Plus equipment. All the investigated nucleating agents were effective regarding the onset of crystallization, although the influence of the sorbitol derivatives depends on concentration. WAXD measurement indicated that these additives do not affect the typical pattern of α‐crystalline i‐PP. The nucleated PP samples have a fibrillar transcrystalline structure (compared to spherulites structure of the neat i‐PP), which reduces the crystalline phase interaction with visible light and consequently improved its optical feature. The most refined fibrils were formed by i‐PP containing lithium organophosphate additive. Compared to DMDBS, NA‐71 and NX8000 were more effective at lower concentration (2000 ppm). For example, the addition of 2000 ppm NA‐71 increases the crystallization temperature (Tc) of i‐PP from 113 to 132°C and its crystallinity index (Xc) from 45% to 51%. Whereas the Tc and Xc of i‐PP containing the same amount of DMDBS were 125°C and 49%, respectively. The highest crystallinity index (58%) was recorded when 4000 ppm NX8000 was added to the i‐PP before processing. The developed samples can be used as film products or injection‐molded parts in automotive interiors.
COVID‐19: immunopathology, pathophysiological mechanisms, and treatment options
Authors: van Eijk Larissa E , Binkhorst Mathijs , Bourgonje Arno R , Offringa Annette K , Mulder Douwe J , Bos Eelke M , Kolundzic Nikola , Abdulle Amaal E , van der Voort Peter HJ , Olde Rikkert Marcel GM , van der Hoeven Johannes G , den Dunnen Wilfred FA , Hillebrands Jan‐Luuk , van Goor Harry 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), continues to spread globally despite the worldwide implementation of preventive measures to combat the disease. Although most COVID‐19 cases are characterised by a mild, self‐limiting disease course, a considerable subset of patients develop a more severe condition, varying from pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) to multi‐organ failure (MOF). Progression of COVID‐19 is thought to occur as a result of a complex interplay between multiple pathophysiological mechanisms, all of which may orchestrate SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and contribute to organ‐specific tissue damage. In this respect, dissecting currently available knowledge of COVID‐19 immunopathogenesis is crucially important, not only to improve our understanding of its pathophysiology but also to fuel the rationale of both novel and repurposed treatment modalities. Various immune‐mediated pathways during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection are relevant in this context, which relate to innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and autoimmunity. Pathological findings in tissue specimens of patients with COVID‐19 provide valuable information with regard to our understanding of pathophysiology as well as the development of evidence‐based treatment regimens. This review provides an updated overview of the main pathological changes observed in COVID‐19 within the most commonly affected organ systems, with special emphasis on immunopathology. Current management strategies for COVID‐19 include supportive care and the use of repurposed or symptomatic drugs, such as dexamethasone, remdesivir, and anticoagulants. Ultimately, prevention is key to combat COVID‐19, and this requires appropriate measures to attenuate its spread and, above all, the development and implementation of effective vaccines. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
The effect of soy isoflavones and soy isoflavones plus soy protein on serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor‐α? A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Hariri Mitra , Baradaran Hamid Reza , Gholami Ali 
Published: February 2021

In this study, we summarized the effect of soy isoflavones and soy isoflavones plus soy protein on serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) among adult participants. We systematically searched Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and clinicaltrials.gov for articles published up to May 2020. Effect size was calculated by mean change from baseline of TNF‐α concentrations and its standard deviation (SD) for intervention and comparison groups. If the heterogeneity test was statistically significant, DerSimonian and Laird random effects model was used to estimate the summary of the overall effects and its heterogeneity. Nineteen and fourteen randomized clinical trials were included in our systematic review and meta‐analysis, respectively. The result of overall effect size indicated a non‐significant effect in serum concentration of TNF‐α following soy isoflavones intake (WMD = 0.2 pg/ml, 95% CI: −0.13, 0.53; p = .226) and the combination of soy isoflavones and soy protein intake (WMD = 0.02 pg/ml, 95% CI: −0.02, 0.06; p = .286). Subgroup analyses revealed no significant change in circulatory levels of TNF‐α following soy isoflavones plus soy protein intake. In conclusion, the present systematic review and meta‐analysis found insufficient evidence that soy isoflavones or the combination of soy isoflavones and soy protein significantly reduce serum concentration of TNF‐α.
Finite‐time distributed block‐decomposed information filter for nonlinear systems with colored measurement noise
Authors: Yang Yanbo , Qin Yuemei , Yang Yanting , Li Zhi , Pan Quan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper considers the distributed filtering problem for discrete‐time nonlinear systems with colored measurement noise obeying a nonlinear autoregressive process in sensor networks. A novel block‐decomposed information‐type filter for such systems is proposed in a centralized fusion structure, by using the statistical linear regression to deal with model nonlinearities and the measurement difference approach to overcome the noise correlation caused by colored measurement noises. Meanwhile, with the help of block matrix inverse operation to realize the high‐dimensional block matrix decomposition, the information vector and information matrix of the original system state in the designed information filter is directly estimated recursively, so as to own good numerical stability. Then, the finite‐time distributed implementation of the proposed filter is put forward, where the final filtering estimate in each sensor node is consistent with the centralized filtering result, by ensuring that each sensor node directly obtains the average values of shared variables in the sensor network through finite iterations of average consensus. Finally, the posterior Cramér–Rao lower bound is derived to show the proposed filter reaches the optimal theoretical performance bound in the premise of statistical linear regression and Gaussian posterior probability density approximation. A target tracking example with colored measurement noise obeying a linear and a nonlinear autoregressive processes validates the proposed method.
Stimulating the Reversibility of Sb2S3 Anode for High‐Performance Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Huiqiao , He Yanan , Cao Kangzhe , Wang Shaodan , Jiang Yong , Liu Xiaogang , Huang Ke‐Jing , Jing Qiang‐Shan , Jiao Lifang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractConversion‐alloy sulfide materials for potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) have attracted considerable attention because of their high capacities and suitable working potentials. However, the sluggish kinetics and sulfur loss result in their rapid capacity degeneration as well as inferior rate capability. Herein, a strategy that uses the confinement and catalyzed effect of Nb2O5 layers to restrict the sulfur species and facilitate them to form sulfides reversibly is proposed. Taking Sb2S3 anode as an example, Sb2S3 and Nb2O5 are dispersed in the core and shell layers of carbon nanofibers (C NFs), respectively, constructing core@shell structure Sb2S3–C@Nb2O5‐C NFs. Benefiting from the bi‐functional Nb2O5 layers, the electrochemical reversibility of Sb2S3 is stimulated. As a result, the Sb2S3–C@Nb2O5–C NFs electrode delivers the rapidest K‐ion diffusion coefficient, longest cycling stability, and most excellent rate capability among the controlled electrodes (347.5 mAh g−1 is kept at 0.1 A g−1 after 100 cycles, and a negligible capacity degradation (0.03% per cycle) at 2.0 A g−1 for 2200 cycles is delivered). The enhanced K‐ion storage properties are also found in SnS2‐C@Nb2O5‐C NFs electrode. Encouraged by the stimulated reversibility of Sb2S3 and SnS2 anodes, other sulfides with high electrochemical performance also could be developed for KIBs.
ArchiRev—Reverse engineering of information systems toward ArchiMate models. An industrial case study
Authors: Pérez‐Castillo Ricardo , Caivano Danilo , Ruiz Francisco , Piattini Mario 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the context of digital transformation, companies are increasingly forced to develop, manage and continually align IT and business. Companies have found in Enterprise Architecture (EA) a valuable tool to represent and manage IT and business in a holistic way by establishing connections among technology concerns and business/strategical/motivational ones. EA modelling is one of the most critical tasks in this context to represent accurate models that make the difference in the decision‐making and governance processes of the company. In most of the cases, EA models are manually defined by experts which is usually error‐prone and time‐consuming. Thus, the constant business and IT realignment through manual modelling becomes complex and expensive. This research presents ArchiRev, an extensible reverse engineering method that automate the extraction of EA models (using ArchiMate language) by analysing different information systems artefacts. This proposal has been validated through an industrial case study in the context of a C#‐based system of an Italian ship refurbishment company. The study has demonstrated the effectiveness (based in the opinion of some business experts) and efficiency of the method. The main implication is that EA modelling can be accelerated, whereas subjectivity and errors introduced by experts might be reduced.
A review of Forensic Entomology literature in Alaska, United States
Authors: Meeds Andrew W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis review covers relevant literature for the study of forensic entomology in Alaska, United States. It highlights work completed in the region and calls attention to areas that warrant additional study. Research covered includes, but is not limited to, surveys of blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae), mammalian decomposition projects, carrion associated arthropod communities, and necrophage microbial communities associated with Alaskan salmon spawning. The unique climate, location, and terrain of Alaska compared to other regions within the United States warrants additional studies in this region to establish baseline data on the biodiversity, development, and succession of forensically important insects in the area.This article is categorized under:
Forensic Biology > Forensic Entomology
Preprosthetic Surgery
Authors: John Bobby 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPreprosthetic surgery encompasses the surgical procedures with aim of redefining the soft or hard tissues or both by the accomplishment of relieving the biological interferences so that the individual can accept a comfortable prosthesis. In the early times it was regularly carried out in the specialty of oral and maxillofacial surgery. But the advent of implantology has relegated this area to a less performed corner but still some procedures remains valid and indispensable. The prosthetic management in certain cases pose great challenge in finding stability and retention, which in turn can successively catapulted by the manuvers of preprosthetic category.
Trigeminal Nerve Injuries
Authors: Renton Tara 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe trigeminal nerve constitutes the largest sensory cortex representation in the brain compared to any other sensory nerve. This is likely due to the fact that the trigeminal nerve underpins our very existence, as it protects, sensorially, our senses including the organs that provide sight, smell, taste, hearing, speech and meninges protecting our brain.Neurophysiologically, our affective and limbic systems in our brains are alerted before we even set foot in the dental surgery and the patient’s brain is anticipating and aligned for pain experience. Thus, when trigeminal nerve injuries occur, which in the main are preventable, the majority of patients experience mixed symptoms including ongoing and elicited neuropathic pain, numbness and altered sensation. These neuropathic features cause significant impact on the patients’ ability to function, for example, cold allodynia prevents the patient enjoying cold foods and drinks and undertaking outdoor activities or elicited pain on touch frequently interferes with sleep. The resultant chronic symptoms and functional impedance often result in significant psychological morbidity.There is no magic bullet to resolve these sensory nerve injuries, and our specialty is beholden to prevent nerve injuries where possible. The patient must have the appropriate consent, and their expectation is managed with understanding the potential benefits and risks for their chosen interventions.Prevention and management of nerve injuries related to local anaesthesia, implants and third molar surgery are outlined in this chapter. There is insufficient capacity to go in-depth for each area, but the author has provided up to date evidence base where it exists and some strategies to minimize and manage optimally these unfortunate complications.
Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Ganesan Kandasamy , Thomson Asha 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNeuralgia can be defined as paroxysmal, intense intermittent pain that is usually confined to specific nerve branches to the head and neck. The trigeminal nerve is responsible for sensory innervation of the scalp, face and mouth, and damage or disease to this nerve may result in sensory loss, pain or both. >85% of cases of Trigeminal Neuralgia are of the classic type known as Classical Trigeminal Neuralgia (CTN), while the remaining cases can be separated to secondary Trigeminal Neuralgia (STN). STN is thought to be initiated by multiple sclerosis or a space-occupying lesion affecting the trigeminal nerve, whereas the leading cause of CTN is known to be compression of the trigeminal nerve in the region of the dorsal root entry zone by a blood vessel. There is no guaranteed cure for the condition of Trigeminal Neuralgia, but there are several treatment options that can give relief. In this chapter, we review the common neuralgias occurring within the oral and maxillofacial region with special emphasis on Trigeminal Neuralgia. We will discuss the historical evolution of treatment including the medical and surgical modalities with the use of current literature and newer developments. It has been highlighted that the first line of treatment for trigeminal neuralgia is still pharmacological treatment, with Carbamazepine and Oxcarbazepine being the first choice. Possible surgical methods of treatment are discussed within this chapter including modalities such as Microvascular Decompression, Gamma Knife Radiosurgery and Peripheral Neurectomy. As an OMF surgeon, it is important to obtain a good clinical history to rule out other pathology including dental focus. Many clinicians involved ranging from primary care dentists and doctors to secondary care (neurologists, Oral Medicine, OMFS, etc.) to deliver the appropriate first course of action, which is the medical management. The management of TN patients should be carried out in a multidisciplinary setting to allow the patients to choose the best-suited option for them. It is also important to set up self-help groups to enable them to share knowledge and information for themselves and their family members for the best possible outcomes.
Lasers in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Authors: Renapurkar Shravan , Strauss Robert A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLasers have become an integral part of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMS) since their first use decades ago. Lasers not only have multiple practical advantages over conventional cutting tools used in OMS, but also have supported the development of newer procedures, which were not possible before. Although lasers do have some disadvantages, recent technological advances and developments have helped reduce these. Vast clinical experience and literature data support their safety, reliability and efficacy in surgical applications. This chapter highlights the basic principles, advantages, disadvantages, practical applications of lasers along with safety concerns.
Medical Emergencies in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical Practice
Authors: Sekhar Reddy Nallamilli V. S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOral and Maxillofacial Surgery has evolved over the last few decades. Oral and Maxillofacial surgeons also deal with medical emergencies in an office or hospital setting on a regular basis. Emergency team response in most countries is prompt. However, in some parts of the world, the response time of the emergency team is expected to be comparatively longer, due to various policy issues. The chapter considers these special circumstances, to suggest some additional measures toward the management of the emergency, while waiting for the arrival of the emergency team. Oral and Maxillofacial surgeons are expected to be well versed with this life-saving simple clinical skill and the protocols discussed here take this into consideration.
Surgery-First Orthognathic Approach
Authors: Reddy N. Viveka Vardhan , Potturi Abhinand 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTraditionally, for correction of dentofacial deformities “orthodontics first” protocol has been universally adopted wherein the surgery is performed after the goals of the presurgical orthodontics have been achieved. The advantages of orthodontics first approach like preoperative leveling of arches and establishing overjet and overbite relationship by decompensation will help in accurate spatial positioning of maxillomandibular complex during surgery. However, prolonged treatment time and initial worsening of the deformity during decompensation has always been its shortcoming.The concept of “Surgery First Orthognathic Approach (SFOA)” challenges the traditional protocol by overcoming its principal disadvantages. In SFOA, the Orthognathic surgery is performed before any orthodontics is initiated and this will help in shortening the overall treatment time, thereby increasing the patient’s compliance and acceptance towards the treatment in a better way. This chapter is intended to apprise on the details of planning, indications, contraindications, advantages and technical considerations of SFOA and also throws light on the recent advances pertaining to SFOA.
Hemifacial Microsomia (HFM) and Treacher Collins Syndrome
Authors: Ramanathan Manikandhan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHemifacial microsomia and Treacher Collins syndrome are two entities which arise as a consequence of abnormal development of first and second branchial arches in utero. As a result, these dentofacial deformities present with abnormal facies especially the maxilla and mandible. They may also occur as part of other syndromes and may involve other structures of the body. In this chapter, we have discussed the etiology, clinical features, radiological assessment and treatment planning of such cases. Special emphasis should be made on early diagnosis, challenges of airway management and feeding and parental counselling. Since the two deformities are largely considered to be non-progressive, early distraction plays an important role in correction of the dentofacial deformity in these patients.
Distraction Osteogenesis of the Maxillofacial Region
Authors: Neelakandan R. S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMaxillomandibular reconstruction requires bone graft, heavy rigid fixation armamentarium and long hospitalization periods. Even with all this the final outcomes are still unpredictable. Patients treated with transport distraction osteogenesis present a better clinical condition, in terms of osteogenesis & histogenesis - identical to adjoining structures. It also has the benefit of producing a good quality and quantity of bone & mucosa, ideal for placement of osseointegrated implants. Thus, bone transport for maxillomandibular reconstruction has now become a gold standard for functional as well as esthetic reconstruction, offering a long term stability.