bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal Exposure And Child brain and mental Health (PEACH) study: protocol for a cohort study of children and youth with prenatal alcohol exposure
Authors: Lebel Catherine A , Gibbard W. Ben , Tortorelli Christina , Pei Jacqueline , Beaulieu Christian , Bagshawe Mercedes , McMorris Carly A 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionFetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), which is caused by prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), affects an estimated 4% of North Americans, and is the most common preventable cause of intellectual disability. Mental health problems, including anxiety and depression, are experienced by nearly all individuals with FASD. However, there is very limited knowledge about effective mental health treatments for individuals with FASD; effective treatments are hindered in part due to a lack of understanding of the basic neurobiology underlying internalising disorders in youth with FASD.Methods and analysisThe Prenatal Exposure And Child brain and mental Health (PEACH) study includes children aged 7–18 years. We will use longitudinal neuroimaging (anatomical T1-weighted, diffusion and passive viewing function MRI) and mental health assessments (Behaviour Assessment Scale for Children, Multi-dimensional Anxiety Scale for Children, Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI-2), Kiddie Scale of Affective Disorders) to: (1) characterise brain development trajectories in youth with FASD, (2) determine whether brain alterations mediate increased anxiety and depression in youth with FASD and (3) identify baseline brain features that predict changes of anxiety and depression symptoms over the next 2 years. All of this will be done while considering sex and adverse postnatal experiences, which can significantly impact mental health and brain outcomes. This project will forge new understanding of FASD and mental health from a neurobiological perspective, highlighting key time periods (ie, sensitive windows) and brain regions (ie, that may be susceptible to neurostimulation), while identifying factors that predict individual trajectories of anxiety and depression symptoms.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the University of Calgary Conjoint Health Research Ethics Board and the University of Alberta Health Research Ethics Board. Study results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals, at relevant conferences and in conjunction with our knowledge mobilisation partners.
TERT promoter mutations and other prognostic factors in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma treated with an immune checkpoint inhibitor
Authors: de Kouchkovsky Ivan , Zhang Li , Philip Errol J , Wright Francis , Kim Daniel M , Natesan Divya , Kwon Daniel , Ho Hansen , Ho Son , Chan Emily , Porten Sima P , Wong Anthony C , Desai Arpita , Huang Franklin W , Chou Jonathan , Oh David Y , Pruthi Raj S , Fong Lawrence , Small Eric J , Friedlander Terence W , Koshkin Vadim S 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) can achieve durable responses in a subset of patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (aUC). The use of tumor genomic profiling in clinical practice may help suggest biomarkers to identify patients most likely to benefit from ICI.MethodsWe undertook a retrospective analysis of patients treated with an ICI for aUC at a large academic medical center. Patient clinical and histopathological variables were collected. Responses to treatment were assessed for all patients with at least one post-baseline scan or clear evidence of clinical progression following treatment start. Genomic profiling information was also collected for patients when available. Associations between patient clinical/genomic characteristics and objective response were assessed by logistic regression; associations between the characteristics and progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were examined by Cox regression. Multivariable analyses were performed to identify independent prognostic factors.ResultsWe identified 119 aUC patients treated with an ICI from December 2014 to January 2020. Genomic profiling was available for 78 patients. Overall response rate to ICI was 29%, and median OS (mOS) was 13.4 months. Favorable performance status at the start of therapy was associated with improved OS (HR 0.46, p=0.025) after accounting for other covariates. Similarly, the presence of a TERT promoter mutation was an independent predictor of improved PFS (HR 0.38, p=0.012) and OS (HR 0.32, p=0.037) among patients who had genomic profiling available. Patients with both a favorable performance status and a TERT promoter mutation had a particularly good prognosis with mOS of 21.1 months as compared with 7.5 months in all other patients (p=0.03).ConclusionsThe presence of a TERT promoter mutation was an independent predictor of improved OS in a cohort of aUC patients treated with an ICI who had genomic data available. Most of the clinical and laboratory variables previously shown to be prognostic in aUC patients treated with chemotherapy did not have prognostic value among patients treated with an ICI. Genomic profiling may provide important prognostic information and affect clinical decision making in this patient population. Validation of these findings in prospective patient cohorts is needed.
Spatial variation of nitrous oxide fluxes during growing and non-growing seasons at a location subjected to seasonally frozen soils
Authors: Machado Pedro Vitor Ferrari , Farrell Richard E. , Wagner-Riddle Claudia 
Published: May 2021

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from soils have been widely studied in the literature — mostly with the chamber method — due to the importance of this gas to climate change. Emissions of N2O derive from biological reactions and are controlled by soil parameters, which are by nature heterogeneous (i.e., “hot spots” for N2O emissions) — a source of uncertainty in chamber-based studies. Spatial variation in N2O fluxes has been assessed in the literature, but the information is still needed for contrasting soil management practices (e.g., tillage) and for specific bioclimatic situations [e.g., non-growing seasons (NGS) under cold weather]. Here, we subsampled daily N2O data to assess within-plot and between-block spatial variation from an agronomic experiment under conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT), identifying if patterns differ between growing seasons (GS) and NGS datasets. Within-plot spatial variation in N2O fluxes was a small source of uncertainties, but half of the comparisons in GS datasets presented a slope different from 1 for the regression of N2O averages from two vs. one chamber per plot — a source of uncertainty mitigated when within-plot duplication occurred during N2O “hot moments”. Between-block spatial variation in N2O emissions was much larger than within-plot errors — an effect more accentuated for NGS and CT than GS and NT datasets. Decreasing the number of sampled blocks resulted in averages that did not represent the N2O daily average of the whole field, but exceptions occurred. The methodology proposed here may be used in other locations, after appropriate verification, for improved planning and maximization of the resources associated with N2O measurements.
Jesus the Samaritan: synthesizing Two Approaches to the Historical Jesus and their Conceptions on the Continuity between Jesus and the Gospels
Authors: Wegner Jonathan D. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article documents how two approaches to the historical Jesus, the criteria of authenticity and the memory approach, generally produce divergent takes on the character of the (dis)continuity between Jesus and the Gospels. It highlights some of their respective strengths and weaknesses and attempts to synthesize their strengths through an analysis of the Good Samaritan. Alongside John P. Meier, it accepts that Jesus did not utter this parable, yet it also embraces insights from the memory approach on the role played by the memory of Jesus upon the Gospels’ portrayals of him. It argues for reading the parable as a creative remembrance, not of a historical utterance, but of a complex of historical impressions of Jesus.
John the Baptist: The Absinthe of the Divine Feast?
Authors: Baumgarten Albert I. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
My contribution focuses on the ‘Competition Thesis’ between John, Jesus and their disciples in reconstructing the life of the Baptist. One great merit of JBHT is adopting the Competition Thesis.
When summarizing, guided by the Competition Thesis, Marcus first plays the devil’s advocate, enumerating the reasons that John should be seen as an independent figure claiming for himself the leading place in the scenario of end times. However, Marcus’s conclusion reverts to a position closer to the traditional view of John as witness and forerunner. John was the ‘absinthe of the divine feast’, as suggested by Renan. I confess: I am convinced by the devil’s advocate.
Direct evidence for the competition thesis is thin. It is based on an indirect and contrary reading of the gospels, as often ‘protesting too much’ in insisting on the secondary role of John. Nevertheless, I maintain that the competition thesis should be embraced fully. One example of how it should be deployed is discussed in this article: the logion in Q, Matt 11:2-6//Luke 7:18-23, which concludes, ‘Happy is the man who does not find me a stumbling block’.
Analogies, Possibilities and Probabilities: Joel Marcus’s John the Baptist
Authors: Klawans Jonathan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This essay dialogues with Joel Marcus’s volume on John the Baptist. After praising Marcus’s penchant for introducing helpful analogies, questions are raised regarding two of Marcus’s hypotheses. First, it is difficult to accept that the Baptist was ever associated with the Qumran sectarians; second, it is equally doubtful that the Baptist was a nuanced legal reformer. A third section probes additional matters regarding the Baptist and purity in ancient Judaism. The common denominator to many issues raised here is Marcus’s tendency to treat the possible as probable.
Impact of Patient Socioeconomic Disparities on Time to Tympanostomy Tube Placement
Authors: McCoy Jennifer L. , Dixit Ronak , Lin R. Jun , Belsky Michael A. , Shaffer Amber D. , Chi David , Jabbour Noel 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Extensive literature exists documenting disparities in access to healthcare for patients with lower socioeconomic status (SES). The objective of this study was to examine access disparities and differences in surgical wait times in children with the most common pediatric otolaryngologic surgery, tympanostomy tubes (TT). Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed at a tertiary children’s hospital. Children ages <18 years who received a first set of tympanostomy tubes during 2015 were studied. Patient demographics and markers of SES including zip code, health insurance type, and appointment no-shows were recorded. Clinical measures included risk factors, symptoms, and age at presentation and first TT. Results: A total of 969 patients were included. Average age at surgery was 2.11 years. Almost 90% were white and 67.5% had private insurance. Patients with public insurance, ≥1 no-show appointment, and who lived in zip codes with the median income below the United States median had a longer period from otologic consult and preoperative clinic to TT, but no differences were seen in race. Those with public insurance had their surgery at an older age than those with private insurance ( P < .001) and were more likely to have chronic otitis media with effusion as their indication for surgery (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2-2.5, P = .003). Conclusions: Lower SES is associated with chronic otitis media with effusion and a longer wait time from otologic consult and preoperative clinic to TT placement. By being transparent in socioeconomic disparities, we can begin to expose systemic problems and move forward with interventions. Level of Evidence: 4
Infrastructure Investment in India: Squaring Theory, Data and Common Sense
Authors: Hasnat Tanzeem 
Published: May 2021

The study makes a novel attempt to estimate the quantum of funds channelised in the physical infrastructure sector, by the private–public split as well as per project parameters. The study finds a downward trend in the private investment in infrastructure post 2009–2010. This needs to be understood in correspondence with the rise in the number of stalled/shelved projects under private ownership post 2008–2009. This rise in the locked-in finances could explain the disincentive in making fresh investments by the private sector. However, what this data also reveals is that the average per stalled/shelved project cost is higher under public ownership even though the number of such projects isfound higher under private ownership. Lumpy project investments are locked in public projects that can be viewed as a real cost. Fiscal prudence leaves little scope for further extension of finances from the government’s kitty in this domain. Moreover, commercial banks cannot be relied on due to the staggering share of non-performing assets emanating from the over exposure to this sector. A market for long-term debt could be a panacea for the perils facing the sector as well as the stressed banking sector. JEL Codes: E01, E22, E69, G31
Effect of Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery on Gustatory Function in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Jiang Rong-San , Shih Kai-Hsiang , Liang Kai-Li 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: In this study, we investigated the effect of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) on gustatory function in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Methods: Forty-three patients with CRS who underwent FESS were included in this study. Prior to FESS and 3 months after surgery, the severity of rhinosinusitis was assessed using the Taiwanese version of the 22-item SNOT (SNOT-22), endoscopic examination, and acoustic rhinometry. The olfactory function was evaluated using the phenylethyl alcohol odor detection threshold test and the traditional Chinese version of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test, and the gustatory function was evaluated using the whole mouth suprathreshold taste test (WMTT) and the taste quad test (TQT). Subgroup analyses were performed based on CRS phenotypes and endotypes. Results: The SNOT-22 significantly improved 3 months after FESS for all patients with CRS. The endoscopic score and olfactory function significantly improved in patients with eosinophilic CRS and in patients with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). The WMTT sweet and bitter scores were significantly lower after FESS in CRSwNP, but the TQT sweet score was significantly higher in patients without nasal polyps. In addition, patients with noneosinophilic CRS had significantly decreased WMTT and salty scores 3 months after FESS. Conclusion: Our results showed that the effect of FESS on gustatory function of patients with CRS was different with the different testing procedures, the association with nasal polyps, and the underlying inflammatory patterns.
Expanding role of radiotherapy in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the tracheobronchial tree: a new horizon
Authors: Dracham ChinnaBabu , Khosla Divya , Kapoor Rakesh , Dey Treshita , Periasamy Kannan , Elangovan Arun , Madan Renu , Goyal Shikha , Kumar Narendra 
Published: May 2021

Background: Primary adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACCs) of central trachea-bronchi system are rare and heterogeneous tumors. Definitive radiotherapy (RT) is the recommended treatment in surgically unresectable or incomplete resection or in the presence of severe comorbidities. Objective: To evaluate the clinical features and outcomes of patients with ACC of trachea-bronchi treated with radiotherapy. Methods: Retrospective medical records review was done in all patients with histologically confirmed ACC of trachea-bronchi between January 2010 and December 2019. Patient disease and treatment characteristics and toxicity data were analyzed. Overall survival (OS), local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) were computed using Kaplan-Meier method (log-rank test). Results: Nineteen patients (10 women and 9 men) were included in this analysis with median age of 40 years (range, 14–70). Of these patients, 63.2% (n = 12) presented in stage IV disease. Twelve and three patients received definitive (median dose 67.8 Gy) and adjuvant (median dose 50 Gy) RT, respectively. The median follow-up was 42.5 months (range, 4–120); 15 patients were alive and 4 were dead at that time. Local recurrence or progression was observed in 52.6% and distant metastasis found in 47.3% of patients. The 5-year OS, LRFS, and DMFS for all patients were 81.2%, 52.8%, and 39.6%, respectively. Baseline lymph node involvement showed significant impact on OS (56.3% vs 100%, p = 0.011). Among patients receiving definitive RT, patients with higher RT dose (⩾66 Gy) had significantly better survival outcomes (5-year LRFS: 75% vs 16.7%, p = 0.013). Conclusion: Definitive RT is an exemplary treatment for unresectable disease. Higher dose is recommended to improve long-term outcomes.
Basal Cell Carcinoma of Prostate With MSMB–NCOA4 Fusion and a Probable Basal Cell Carcinoma In Situ: Case Report
Authors: Pedersen Vilde , Petersen Katrine S. , Brasso Klaus , Østrup Olga , Loya Anand C. 
Published: May 2021

Basal cell carcinomas of prostate (BCCP) are very rare. Most arise in the transition zone and thus are associated with lower urinary tract symptoms and rarely associated with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA). These features make diagnosis/early diagnosis difficult because of the routine protocols followed. Basal cell carcinomas have distinctive histopathological, immunohistochemical, and to some extent also different molecular characteristics. Basal cell carcinoma in situ (BCCIS) is a nonexistent histological lesion as per the current literature, but here is an attempt to describe it through this case. A 74-year-old man presented with hematuria and previous diagnosis of prostatic hyperplasia. Based on this history, he underwent a prostatectomy ad modum Freyer. Pathological examination surprisingly revealed a diffusely infiltrative tumor with nonacinar adenocarcinoma morphology and many glandular structures probably representing BCCIS. Tumor was diagnosed as BCCP. Patient presented with metastasis to the abdominal wall 8 months postprostatectomy. BCCP is an aggressive type of prostate cancer, which might be challenging to diagnose based on routine protocols. This results in delayed diagnosis and treatment and thus poor prognosis. Furthermore, patients with this subtype of prostate cancer need appropriately designed, and maybe a totally different follow-up regimen as PSA is of no use for BCCP patients. Finally, diagnosis of BCCIS, if agreed upon its existence needs to be studied in larger cohorts as a precursor lesion.
Access to Mental Healthcare in the 21st Century: An Evolutionary Concept Analysis
Authors: Smith-East Marie , Conner Norma E. , Neff Donna Felber 
Published: May 2021

Background: One of the most important aspects of receiving medical care is access to that care. For people with mental illness who have greater healthcare needs and are at risk for poor health outcomes, reduced access to care constitutes a crisis. While the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic continues to affect the United States, specifying what it means to have access to mental healthcare is more critical than ever. Aims: The aims of this concept analysis are to review definitions and descriptions of access to mental healthcare in the literature and to synthesize the relevance of these findings to inform future research, theory development, policy, and practice. Methods: The concept of access to mental healthcare was analyzed using Rodgers’s evolutionary concept analysis method. CINAHL, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE were queried for peer-reviewed articles about access to mental healthcare published from January 2010 to April 2020 ( n = 72). Data were reviewed for concept antecedents, attributes, consequences, surrogate, and related terms. Results: Five models of access to mental healthcare were identified, with several antecedents and consequences: utilization, economic loss/gain, incarceration, and patient/provider satisfaction. Cross-sectional and predictive studies highlighted three interrelated attributes: clinical management, healthcare delivery, and connectedness. Conclusions: The concept of access to mental healthcare is often used stagnantly across disciplines to create health policies, yet the concept is transformative. Future research requires up-to-date operational definitions of access to mental healthcare to target interdisciplinary approaches.
Virtual learning solutions in COVID-19 era: University Italian Ophthalmology department perspective
Authors: Gallenga Carla Enrica , Agnifili Luca , D’Aloisio Rossella , Brescia Lorenza , Toto Lisa , Perri Paolo 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Few months after the COVID-19 pandemic burst, many aspects of the human life, including education, dramatically changed. Because of the lockdown measures taken to limit the virus spread in Italy, in-person teaching and learning have been interrupted in all health care disciplines and readapted in virtual formulae. Methods: As academic ophthalmology departments, we had to maintain the educational needs of medical and orthoptic students, internships, surgical training of residents, as well as to cover the scientific update of health care personnel (HCPs), and the continuation of research and academic activities. To assure these needs we ideated an educational strategy and a team, which was then translated on a multichannel virtual platform created with Microsoft Teams. Results: In this platform there were 21 channels organized in a public view mode, open to all Team members, or in private view mode to separate non-permanent HCPs, internships, residents, and students’ tasks, from permanent HCPs tasks. Virtual channels were dedicated to provide theoretical lessons, clinical cases, surgical video, internal meetings and webinar, to offer news from scientific societies, requests of appointments from biomedical companies, links with ophthalmological websites, to move forward research projects, to participate at institutional academic duties, and to obtain feedbacks from users. Residents continued their training on surgery using a surgical simulator, after consulting an agenda uploaded into the dedicated virtual channel. Conclusion: These positive initial results should represent a boost to rapidly proceed with the development of even more versatile virtual learning solutions, given that the forecasts for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic are not encouraging.