bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HybPhaser: A workflow for the detection and phasing of hybrids in target capture data sets
Authors: Nauheimer Lars , Weigner Nicholas , Joyce Elizabeth , Crayn Darren , Clarke Charles , Nargar Katharina 
Published: July 2021

PREMISEHybrids contain divergent alleles that can confound phylogenetic analyses but can provide insights into reticulated evolution when identified and phased. We developed a workflow to detect hybrids in target capture data sets and phase reads into parental lineages using a similarity and phylogenetic framework.METHODSWe used Angiosperms353 target capture data for Nepenthes, including known hybrids to test the novel workflow. Reference mapping was used to assess heterozygous sites across the data set and to detect hybrid accessions and paralogous genes. Hybrid samples were phased by mapping reads to multiple references and sorting reads according to similarity. Phased accessions were included in the phylogenetic framework.RESULTSAll known Nepenthes hybrids and nine additional samples had high levels of heterozygous sites, had reads associated with multiple divergent clades, and were phased into accessions resembling divergent haplotypes. Phylogenetic analysis including phased accessions increased clade support and confirmed parental lineages of hybrids.DISCUSSIONHybPhaser provides a novel approach to detect and phase hybrids in target capture data sets, which can provide insights into reticulations by revealing origins of hybrids and reduce conflicting signal, leading to more robust phylogenetic analyses.
Diversity of vibrissal follicle anatomy in cetaceans
Authors: Mynett Natasha , Mossman Hannah L. , Huettner Tim , Grant Robyn A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMost cetaceans are born with vibrissae but they can be lost or reduced in adulthood, especially in odontocetes. Despite this, some species of odontocetes have been found to have functioning vibrissal follicles (including the follicle itself and any remaining vibrissal hair shaft) that play a role in mechanoreception, proprioception and electroreception. This reveals a greater diversity of vibrissal function in odontocetes than in any other mammalian group. However, we know very little about vibrissal follicle form and function across the Cetacea. Here, we qualitatively describe the gross vibrissal follicle anatomy of fetuses of three species of cetaceans, including two odontocetes: Atlantic white‐sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus), harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena), and one mysticete: minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), and compared our findings to previous anatomical descriptions. All three species had few, short vibrissae contained within a relatively simple, single‐part follicle, lacking in muscles. However, we observed differences in vibrissal number, follicle size and shape, and innervation distribution between the species. While all three species had nerve fibers around the follicles, the vibrissal follicles of Balaenoptera acutorostrata were innervated by a deep vibrissal nerve, and the nerve fibers of the odontocetes studied were looser and more branched. For example, in Lagenorhynchus acutus, branches of nerve fibers travelled parallel to the follicle, and innervated more superficial areas, rather than just the base. Our anatomical descriptions lend support to the observation that vibrissal morphology is diverse in cetaceans, and is worth further investigation to fully explore links between form and function.
Formulation Prediction for Young's Modulus of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) by Spectroscopic Methods
Authors: Cho Han Saem , Moon Heh‐Young , Lee Heung Soon , Kim Yong Tae , Jeoung Sae Chae 
Published: July 2021

In this work, we refer to the fraction of hydrides and vinyl groups consumed in cross‐linking reaction as a variation of the properties of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) with varying the formulation of a curing agent from 3.2 wt % to 50 wt %. Young's modulus, density, and refractive indices of PDMS were observed to have a maxima at a formulation of about 10 wt % of cross linker. The intensity of the Raman band for the SiH stretching mode in cross‐linker is almost zero if the cross‐linking agent is less than 10 wt %, but it is linearly increasing with increasing the content of cross‐linker. The dependence of the elastic modulus on the formulation could be explained in terms of the fraction of cross‐linked network. The analytical framework proposed in this work could be used for optimizing the formulation of PDMS and hence its properties can be tailored for specific applications.
FUT11 is a target gene of HIF1α that promotes the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ruan Wanyuan , Yang Yushi , Yu Qionghua , Huang Tiejun , Wang Yaofen , Hua Li , Zeng Zhirui , Pan Runsang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHypoxia promotes the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the hypoxia regulatory network in hepatocellular carcinoma is known to be limited. Thus, this study aimed to identify the crucial hypoxia‐associated genes and to explore their effects and molecular mechanisms in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. FUT11 was first identified as a crucial hypoxia‐associated gene through bioinformatics analysis. High FUT11 mRNA levels were positively correlated with poor clinical parameters. FUT11 knockdown under normoxia and hypoxia both decreased hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion. HIF1α binds to the promoter of FUT11 and increases its transcription and co‐expression with FUT11 in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues. Overexpression of FUT11 in HIF1α knockdown cells reversed the inhibitory effects of HIF1α suppression on hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and mobility under hypoxia. Therefore, our findings indicate that FUT11 is a key target gene of HIF1α, which can promote the proliferation and mobility of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. FUT11 may be a novel and effective target for blocking the hypoxia response of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
Co‐occurrence of progressive hemifacial atrophy due to morphea with homolateral segmental vitiligo: A case report
Authors: Chapagain Pukar , Agrawal Sudha 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSimultaneous occurrence of progressive hemifacial atrophy due to morphea and homolateral segmental vitiligo, younger onset, rapid progression followed by stabilization and dermatomal distribution suggests a possible relationship between them.
Precise Control of Diazirine Reduction to Tune the Mechanical Properties of Electrocuring Adhesives
Authors: Ambrosi Adriano , Singh Manisha , Webster Richard D. , Steele Terry W. J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere is a growing interest in developing innovative adhesive materials that offer stimuli‐responsive mechanical properties. Electrocuring adhesives exploit electric‐field stimuli towards initiating and propagating polymerization reactions with projected benefits of on‐demand adhesion and microelectronic control. Voltaglue is a recently developed biocompatible, water‐based bioadhesive that combines a biomacromolecule (polyamidoamine, PAMAM) with a grafted electrochemical crosslinker (diazirine) where the former mediates viscoelastic properties and the latter voltage‐based activation. Through this relatively simple design, a range of viscoelastic and adhesive properties are possible by controlling the intensity (voltage) and duration (coulombs) of the electric field. For the first time, bioadhesive properties are correlated to the moles of diazirine reduced during electrocuring via chronoamperograms. The method is based on the precise measurement of the charge exchanged during the reductive reaction which ultimately results in a series of voltage/time combinations that can be used to drive diazirine activation and charge quantitation. A strong correlation is finally observed between diazirine electrolysis and specific mechanical properties of the cured adhesive. This ultimately enables fine‐tune control over the adhesive properties with benefits in a wide variety of applications ranging from electromagnetic biomaterials to additive manufacturing.
Chemical Recycling of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites Using Mild Conditions
Authors: Schamel Elisabeth , Wehnert Gerd , Schlachter Herbert , Söthje Dominik 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe increased use of carbon fiber reinforced thermosets generates more waste and end‐of‐life products. However, an efficient recycling method for the expensive carbon fibers has not yet been developed. The selective decomposition of amine‐cured epoxy resin under mild conditions is presented. A two‐step method was investigated to decompose the epoxy resin. The optimum parameters were initially determined using a model compound. By analysis of the reaction products, a cleavage of the C–N bond according to the Cope elimination could be proven. Therefore, the Cope elimination is suggested as the main step of the decomposition of amine‐cured epoxy resins in presence of hydrogen peroxide. By dissolving the resin, it is possible to recover resin‐free fibers with unimpaired mechanical properties.
Mycobacterial Membrane Protein Large 3 (MmpL3) Inhibitors: A Promising Approach to Combat Tuberculosis
Authors: Umare Mohit D. , Khedekar Pramod B. , Chikhale Rupesh V. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTuberculosis is a prominent aliment throughout the world and a leading cause of mortality among infectious diseases. Drug development for multi‐drug resistance and reducing the current therapy time is the top priority. Mycobacterial membrane protein large 3 (MmpL3) is a promising target with high potential, however, it has not been explored to its greatest potential. It is a membrane transporter that translocates trehalose‐monomycolate which is a precursor for the synthesis of mycolic acid that is essential for the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall and is pathogenic in nature. In this review, we have discussed the current development of MmpL3 inhibitors, different scaffolds, their derivatives, and their synthetic schemes and provide insight into the challenges in developing these inhibitors.
Equal access to care and nurse navigation leads to equitable outcomes for minorities with aggressive large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Hu Bei , Boselli Danielle , Pye Lisa M. , Chen Tommy , Bose Rupali , Symanowski James T. , Blackley Kris , Moyo Tamara K. , Jacobs Ryan , Park Steven I. , Soni Amy , Avalos Belinda R. , Copelan Edward A. , Raghavan Derek , Ghosh Nilanjan 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundAggressive large B‐cell lymphomas (LBCLs) are curable, but previous studies have shown inferior outcomes in minorities. Nurse navigation programs can improve patient outcomes by providing patient support. This study presents the outcomes of White and minority patients with aggressive LBCL at an institution with an active nurse navigation program.MethodsThe authors prospectively collected baseline characteristics, treatment regimens, and outcome data for patients with aggressive LBCL. Navigation encounters were characterized as low or high intensity. Overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were calculated with Kaplan‐Meier methods. Baseline characteristics were compared with Fisher exact tests.ResultsTwo hundred four consecutive patients (47 minority patients and 157 White patients) were included. Results were presented as minorities versus Whites. There were no differences in prognostic scores (Revised International Prognostic Index score of 3‐5, 43% vs 47%; P = .50), frontline chemotherapy (98% vs 96%; P = .68), or the incidence of relapsed/refractory disease (40% vs 38%; P = .74). For relapsed/refractory LBCL, similar proportions of patients underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (32% vs 29%; P > .99) or chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy (16% vs 19%; P > .99). Enrollment in clinical trials was comparable (17% vs 14%; P = .64). More than 85% received nurse navigation, but minorities had higher intensity navigation encounters (42% vs 21%; P = .01). The 2‐year OS rates were 81% and 76% for minorities and Whites, respectively (P = .27); the 2‐year PFS rates were 62% and 65%, respectively (P = .78).ConclusionsThis study shows similar survival between Whites and minorities with aggressive LBCL, which was likely due to equal access to guideline‐concordant therapy. Minorities received higher intensity navigation encounters, which may have helped them to overcome socioeconomic disadvantages.
Simple and Sustainable Preparation of Cathodes for Li−S Batteries: Regeneration of Granular Activated Carbon from the Odor Control System of a Wastewater Treatment Plant
Authors: Benítez Almudena , Márquez Pedro , Martín M. Ángeles , Caballero Alvaro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo obtain a wide variety of green materials, numerous investigations have been undertaken on industrial waste that can act as sustainable resources. The use of hazardous wastes derived from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), especially the activated carbon used in odor control systems, is a highly abundant, scalable, and cost‐effective strategy. The reuse of waste materials is a key aspect, especially for the sustainable development of emerging energy storage systems, such as lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries. Herein, granular active carbons from two WWTP treatment lines were regenerated in air at low temperature and utilized as the sulfur host with micro‐/mesoporous framework. The resulting regenerated carbon and sulfur composites were employed as cathodes for Li−S cells. The SL‐ACt3@S composite electrode with 60 wt% loaded sulfur exhibited a remarkable initial capacity of 1100 mAh g−1 at C/10 rate and higher than 800 mAh g−1 at C/2. Even at a rate of 1C, it maintained a high capacity of almost 700 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention of 85.4 % after 350 cycles, demonstrating a very low capacity fading of only 0.042 % per cycle. It is essential to note that the coulombic efficiency was always higher than 96 % during all the cycles. In this proposal, the only used source material was expired carbon from WWTP that was obtained with a simple and effective regeneration process. This “trash into treasure” strategy leads to a new way for using hazardous waste material as high‐performance and environmentally safe electrodes for advanced Li−S batteries.
The Central Role of Nitrogen Atoms in a Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework‐Derived Catalyst for Cathodic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhao Meng‐Jie , Su Sheng‐Ying , Deng Ning , Shi Jun‐Qing , Li Fang , He Jian‐Bo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPlatinum usually offers the most effective active center for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), because of the optimal trade‐off between the adsorption and desorption of hydrogeN atoms (H*) on Pt atoms. Herein, we report an unusual result regarding the active center of a HER catalyst, which was synthesized by electrodepositing traces of Pt nanoparticles (NPs) into a porous nitrogen‐rich dodecahedron matrix derived from zeolitic imidazolate framework ZIF‐8. With an ultra‐low Pt loading of 2.76 μg cm−2, the N‐Pt‐bonded catalyst can produce a current density of 117 mA cm−2 for the HER in 1.0 m H2SO4 at an overpotential of 50 mV, whereas the commercial Pt/C (300 μg cm−2 Pt) can only reach 50 mA cm−2 under the same conditions. Cyclic voltammetry demonstrates that both the H* adsorption and the Pt oxidation are not allowed to occur on this catalyst, due to a full surface coverage of the trace Pt NPs by imidazole. The results from the specially designed experiments indicate that the imidazole N atoms may act as proton anchor‐sites for the HER due to their electron donor nature. Density functional theory calculations also support a catalytic HER mechanism centered at the Pt‐supported N active center, which needs a Gibbs free energy of H* absorption (ΔGH*) significantly smaller than the absolute value of ΔGH* on the Pt(111) surface. We hope that the results of this study will encourage the research on novel N‐centered catalysts for the HER.
A Low‐Cost Na‐Ion and K‐Ion Batteries Using a Common Organic Cathode and Bismuth Anode
Authors: Li Di , Tang Wu , Tang Fan , Yan Jiaji , Jing Lvchuan , Wang Chuan , Yan Yichao , Xu Liang , Fan Cong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMolecule‐aggregation organic electrodes in principle have the capability for “single‐molecule‐energy‐storage” in metal‐ion rechargeable batteries, which indicates that the same organic electrode can be simultaneously applied to multiple metal‐ion rechargeable batteries. In this study, the polyanionic organic compound 9,10‐anthraquinone‐2,6‐disulfonate (Na2AQ26DS, 130 mAh g−1) is used as a common cathode and metal bismuth (Bi) as a common anode to simultaneously assemble low‐cost Na‐ion and K‐ion full cells. The Na‐ion full cells can deliver the peak discharge capacity of 139 mAh g−1cathode at 0.5–3.0 V, and the K‐ion full cells can show the peak discharge capacity of 130 mAh g−1cathode at 0.5–3.0 V. These results are comparable to the best organic‐based Na‐ion and K‐ion full cells reported to date.
Arthritis is associated with an increased risk of incident diabetes in Chinese adults: A nationwide cohort study and updated meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Xue , Xie Yue , Wang Yi , Yu Yong , Jin Xingzhong , Xiu Peng , Wu Jason H. Y. , Yu Danxia , Pan An , Zhao Jian , Yang Chun‐Xia , Pan Xiong‐Fei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsTo prospectively examine the association between arthritis and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the Chinese population and confirm this association through a comprehensive meta‐analysis of cohort studies.Meterials and MethodsData were from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study which was started in 2011–2013 and followed up in 2013–2014 and 2015–2016. Arthritis was defined as self‐reported physician diagnosis at baseline, and incident T2D was determined by self‐reported physician diagnosis, fasting blood glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L or glycosylated haemoglobin ≥6.5% during the follow‐ups. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the association between arthritis and risk for T2D. A meta‐analysis was conducted to pool our effect estimate and those from other cohort studies using a random‐effects model.ResultsEleven thousand four hundred and eight participants (47.9% men; mean age: 59.3 years) were included in final analyses. During a 4‐year follow‐up, 981 participants reported incident T2D. Compared with individuals without arthritis, those with arthritis at baseline had an 18% higher risk for incident T2D (multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratio: 1.18; 95% confidence interval: 1.04, 1.34). In the meta‐analysis of 13 cohort studies including ours, a total of 2,473,514 participants were included with 121,851 incident diabetes. The pooling HR was 1.32 (95% CI: 1.21, 1.44) for the association between arthritis and diabetes.ConclusionArthritis was associated with an increased risk of incident diabetes in Chinese adults, and the positive association was confirmed in the meta‐analysis of cohort studies. Our work can inform clinical trials to assess the effectiveness of arthritis treatments in reducing risk of diabetes.
The effects of herbivore aggregations at water sources on savanna plants differ across soil and climate gradients
Authors: Titcomb Georgia C. , Amooni Godfrey , Mantas John Naisikie , Young Hillary S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWater sources in arid and semiarid ecosystems support humans, wildlife, and domestic animals, forming nodes of activity that sculpt surrounding plant communities and impact critical grazing and soil systems. However, global aridification and changing surface water supply threaten to disrupt these water resources, with strong implications for conservation and management of these ecosystems. To understand how effects of herbivore aggregation at water impact plant communities across contexts, we measured herbivore activity, plant height, cover (trees, grasses, forbs, and bare ground), diversity, and composition at 17 paired water sources and matrix sites across a range of abiotic factors in a semiarid savanna in Kenya. The effects of proximity to surface water and herbivore aggregation on plant communities varied substantially depending on soil and rainfall. In arid areas with nutrient‐poor sandy soils, forb and tree cover were 50% lower at water sources compared to neighboring matrix sites, bare ground was 20% higher, species richness was 15% lower, and a single globally important grazing grass (Cynodon dactylon) dominated 60% of transects. However, in mesic areas with nutrient‐rich finely textured soils, species richness was 25% higher, despite a 40% increase in bare ground, concurrent with the decline of a dominant tall grass (Themeda triandra) and increase in C. dactylon and other grass species near water sources. Recent rainfall was important for grasses; cover was higher relative to matrix sites only during wet periods, a potential indication of compensatory grazing. These findings suggest that effects of herbivore aggregation on vegetation diversity and composition will vary in magnitude, and in some cases direction, depending on other factors at the site. Where moisture and nutrient resources are high and promote the dominance of few plant species, herbivore aggregations may maintain diversity by promoting grazing lawns and increasing nondominant species cover. However, in arid conditions and sites with low nutrient availability, diversity can be substantially reduced by these aggregations. Our results highlight the importance of considering abiotic conditions when managing for effects of herbivore aggregations near water. This will be particularly important for future managers in light of growing global aridification and surface water changes.
Do predators have a role to play in wetland ecosystem functioning? An experimental study in New England salt marshes
Authors: Moore Alexandria C. , Schmitz Oswald J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe historical ecological paradigm of wetland ecosystems emphasized the role of physical or “bottom‐up” factors in maintaining functions and services. However, recent studies have shown that the loss of predators in coastal salt marshes can lead to a significant reduction in wetland extent due to overgrazing of vegetation by herbivores. Such studies indicate that consumers or “top‐down” factors may play a much larger role in the maintenance of wetland ecosystems than was previously thought. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether altering top‐down control by manipulating the presence of predators can lead to measurable changes in salt marsh ecosystem properties. Between May and August of 2015 and 2016, we established exclosure and enclosure cages within three New England coastal wetland areas and manipulated the presence of green crab predators to assess how they and their fiddler and purple marsh crab prey affect changes in ecosystem properties. Predator presence was associated with changes in soil nitrogen and aboveground biomass at two of the three field sites, though the magnitude and direction of these effects varied from site to site. Further, path analysis results indicate that across field sites, a combination of bottom‐up and top‐down factors influenced changes in measured variables. These results challenge the growing consensus that consumers have strong effects, indicating instead that predator impacts may be highly context‐dependent.