bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Method for Detection and Attribution of Regional Precipitation Change Using Granger Causality Application to the United States Historical Record
Authors: Risser Mark , Collins William , Wehner Michael , O'Brien Travis , Paciorek Christopher , O'Brien John P. , Patricola Christina , Huang Huanping , Ullrich Paul , Loring Burlen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Despite the emerging influence of anthropogenic climate change on the global water cycle, at regional scales the combination of observational uncertainty, large internal variability, and modeling uncertainty undermine robust statements regarding the human influence on precipitation. Here, we propose a novel approach to regional detection and attribution (D&A) for precipitation, starting with the contiguous United States (CONUS) where observational uncertainty is minimized. In a single framework, we simultaneously detect systematic trends in mean and extreme precipitation, attribute trends to anthropogenic forcings, compute the effects of forcings as a function of time, and map the effects of individual forcings. We use output from global climate models in a perfect-data sense to conduct a set of tests that yield a parsimonious representation for characterizing seasonal precipitation over the CONUS for the historical record (1900 to present day). In doing so, we turn an apparent limitation into an opportunity by using the diversity of responses to short-lived climate forcers across the CMIP6 multi-model ensemble to ensure our D&A is insensitive to structural uncertainty. Our framework is developed using a Pearl-causal perspective, but forthcoming research now underway will apply the framework to in situ measurements using a Granger-causal perspective. While the hypothesis-based framework and accompanying generalized D&A formula we develop should be widely applicable, we include a strong caution that the hypothesis-guided simplification of the formula for the historical climatic record of CONUS as described in this paper will likely fail to hold in other geographic regions and under future warming.
Characterization of Runs of Homozygosity, Heterozygosity-Enriched Regions, and Population Structure in Cattle Populations Selected for Different Breeding Goals
Authors: Mulim Henrique Alberto , Brito Luiz F. , Pinto Luís Fernando Batista , Ferraz José Bento Sterman , Grigoletto Lais , Silva Marcio Ribeiro , Pedrosa Victor Breno 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: A decline in the level of genetic diversity can result in reduced response to selection, greater incidence of genetic defects, and inbreeding depression. In this context, some metrics have been proposed to assess the levels of populational genetic diversity in selected populations. The main goals of this study were to: 1) investigate the population structure of 16 cattle populations from 15 different pure breeds or composite populations, which have been selected for different breeds goals; and, 2) identify and compare runs of homozygosity (ROH) and heterozygosity-enriched regions (HER) based on different single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panels and whole-genome sequence data (WGS), followed by functional genomic analyses. Results: A total of 24,187 ROH were found across all cattle populations, with 55% classified in the 2-4 Mb size group. Fourteen homozygosity islands were found in five populations, where four islands located on BTA1, BTA5, BTA16, and BTA19 overlapped between the Brahman (BRM) and Gyr (GIR) breeds. A functional analysis of the genes found in these islands revealed candidate genes known to play a role in the melanogenesis, prolactin signaling, and calcium signaling pathways. The correlations between inbreeding metrics ranged from 0.02 to 0.95, where the methods based on homozygous genotypes (FHOM), uniting of gametes (FUNI), and genotype additive variance (FGRM) showed strong correlations among them. All methods yielded low to moderate correlations with the inbreeding coefficients based on runs of homozygosity (FROH). For the HER, 3,576 runs and 26 islands, distributed across all autosomal chromosomes, were found in regions containing genes mainly related to the immune system. Although the analyses with WGS did not enable detection of the same island patterns, it unraveled novel regions not captured when using SNP panel data.Conclusions: The cattle populations that showed the largest amount of ROH and HER were Senepol (SEN) and Montana (MON), respectively. Overlapping ROH islands were identified between GIR and BRM breeds, indicating a possible historical connection between the populations. The distribution and pattern of ROH and HER are population specific, indicating that different breeds have experienced divergent selection processes or different genetic processes.
Genome Variation in Tick Infestation and Cryptic Divergence in Tunisian Indigenous Sheep
Authors: Ahbara Abulgasim M. , Khbou Médiha Khamassi , Rhomdhane Rihab , Sassi Limam , Gharbi Mohamed , Haile Aynalem , Rekik Mourad , Rischkowsky Barbara , Mwacharo Joram M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Ticks are obligate haematophagous ectoparasites considered second to mosquitos as vectors and reservoirs of multiple pathogens of global concern. Individual variation in tick infestation has been reported in indigenous sheep, but the genes regulating the trait are poorly understood.Results: Here, we report 397 genome-wide signatures of selection overlapping 991 genes from the analysis, using four methods (ROH, LR-GWAS, XP-EHH, FST), of 600K SNP genotype data from 170 Tunisian sheep exhibiting high and low resistance to ticks. We considered 45 signatures detected by consensus results of at least two methods as high-confidence selection sweep regions. These spanned 104 genes which included immune system function genes, solute carriers and chemokine receptor. One region spanned STX5, that has been associated with tick resistance in cattle, implicating it as a prime candidate in sheep. We also observed RAB6B and TF in a high confidence candidate region that has been associated with growth traits suggesting natural selection is enhancing growth and developmental stability under tick challenge. The analysis also reveals fine-scale genome structure suggesting the existence of cryptic divergence in the Tunisian sheep.Conclusion: Our findings provide genomic reference that could enhance our understanding of the genetic architecture of tick resistance and cryptic divergence in indigenous sheep.
The Removal Performance and Mechanisms of Tetracycline Over Mn-rich Limonite
Authors: Wang Luyao , Wang Hanlin , Liu Haibo , Zou Xuehua , Chen Dong , Chu Ziyang , Hu Jinchao , Chen Tianhu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Naturally occurring Mn-rich limonite mainly composed of goethite and manganese oxides was used to remove tetracycline (TC) from the aqueous solution. The physicochemical properties of limonite were illustrated by various characterization techniques such as XRD, FE-TEM, XPS and FT-IR. The effects of dosage, initial solution pH, temperature and coexisting anions on TC removal were investigated. The results showed that TC could be efficiently adsorbed by limonite with high specific surface area and mesoporous structure through electrostatic interaction and complexation. The co-existence of PO43- inhibited the adsorption of TC by limonite due to the competition with TC for active sites. In addition, manganese oxides exhibited oxidative properties to TC, and the singlet oxygen (1O2) generated during the redox reaction was responsible for TC degradation. Furthermore, the regenerated limonite displayed an efficient recycling performance after four cycles. This study revealed that the Mn-rich limonite was a promising adsorbent for TC removal from aqueous solutions and promoted the application of natural mineral material in the environmental field.
Starvation Induced Autophagy Promotes The Progression of Bladder Cancer By LDHA Mediated Metabolic Reprogramming
Authors: Li Tinghao , Tong Hang , Yin Hubin , Luo Yi , Zhu Junlong , Qin Zijia , Yin Siwen , He Weiyang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Aberrantly autophagy and preternatural elevated glycolysis are prevalent in bladder cancer (BLCA), which are both related to malignant progression. But the regulatory relationship between autophagy and glycolytic metabolism remains unveiled. We imitated a starvation condition of tumor microenvironment and found significantly increased level of autophagy and aerobic glycolysis, which both regulated progression of BLCA cells. We further explored regulatory relationships and mechanisms between them.Methods: We used immunoblotting, immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy to detect autophagy levels of BLCA cells under different treatment. Lactate and glucose concentration detection demonstrated changes on glycolysis. Expression of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) were detected at transcriptional and translational levels, which were also silenced by small interfering RNA and effects on malignant progression further tested. Underlying mechanisms on signaling pathways were performed by western blot, immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation assays.Results: Starvation induced autophagy, regulated glycolysis by up-regulating expression of LDHA and caused progressive changes in BLCA cells. Mechanically, after starved ubiquitination modification of Axin1 increased and combined with P62, further degraded by autophagy-lysosome pathway. Liberated β-catenin nuclear translocation increased, binding with LEF1/TCF4 and promotes LDHA transcriptional expression. Also, high expression of LDHA was observed in cancer tissues and positively related to progression.Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that starvation-induced autophagy modulates glucose metabolic reprogramming by enhances Axin1 degradation and β-catenin nuclear translocation in BLCA, which promotes transcriptional expression of LDHA and further malignant progression.
A Multi-Scale Analysis Based on a Map-Oriented Database for the Out-of-Plane Seismic Behaviour of Masonry Structures
Authors: Yu Chenjie , Meijers Sander 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Since 1986, earthquakes have occurred in East Groningen , but most houses, schools and are made of unreinforced masonry, which must now withstand magnitude 4 earthquakes. This has created an urgent need to assess large amounts of buildings in a fast but reliable manner. The out-of-plane behaviour is important for seismic assessments of unreinforced masonry buildings. Although the most accurate analysis method to determine the out-of-plane response of such walls is non-linear time-history analysis ( NLTH ), non-linear kinematic analysis ( NLKA ) provides a simple, fast but still reliable solution due to the computational difficulties of NLTH for structures constructed of unreinforced masonry. In this paper, the out-of-plane behaviours of masonry structures are up-scaled from a component scale to a provincial scale in a multi-scale manner. A map-oriented database is established to describe both local behaviours of walls and global behaviours of a province. The out-of-plane assessment by non-linear kinematic analysis ( NLKA ) is automated via the database without further calculations after the static analysis. The database provides a solid guidance to determine which detailed assessment methods will be adopted with limited data before a FEM model is built
End-Effector Position Tracking Control for an Aerial Manipulator with a Lightweight Manipulator
Authors: Cao Huazi , Wang Lixin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
An end-effector position tracking control task for an aerial manipulator is usually constituted by two subtasks. The first is motion control, and the second is coordinate control so that the end-effector of the aerial manipulator can precisely track the given trajectory. This paper proposes a novel end-effector position tracking control approach for the aerial manipulator with a lightweight manipulator to achieve these two subtasks. The motion control of the aerial manipulator is solved by a partially coupled approach and divided into a multirotor controller and a manipulator controller. The multirotor controller is designed by the adaptive neural network control, while joints of the manipulator are steered by PID controllers. By resorting to radial basis function neural networks with adaptive weight estimation laws, the dynamic coupling between the multirotor and the manipulator can be compensated in real time. With the support of Lyapunov stability criteria, it is proved that the desired trajectories can be boundedly tracked by the multirotor under the proposed controller. Then, a new coordinate control method is proposed based on the linear model predictive control method. This method ensures that the solution satisfies physical limits of the aerial manipulator and can be executed in real time. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed motion controller significantly outperforms a baseline nonlinear motion controller in the simulation cases. Besides, comparisons among the proposed coordinate control method and traditional methods are simulated to demonstrate effectiveness and performance.
Spatio-temporal Pattern of Specialization of Sunbird-flower Networks on Mt. Cameroon
Authors: Janecek Stepan , Chmel Kryštof , Mlíkovský Jiří , Gomez Guillermo Uceda , Janečková Petra , Fominka Nestoral Tajaocha , Njie Marcus Mokake , Ewome Francis Luma 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Differences in bird-flower interaction specialization across continents serve as a common example of evolutionary trajectory specificity. While New World hummingbird-flower networks have been subject to numerous studies and are considered highly specialized, our knowledge of network specialization for their Old World counterparts, sunbirds (Nectariniidae), is completely insufficient. A few studies from tropical Africa indicate that sunbird-flower networks are rather generalized. Unfortunately, these studies are limited to dry seasons and high elevations around the tree-line, the environments where also niche-based hypotheses often predict lower resource partitioning. In our study, we explore the specialization of sunbird-flower networks and their spatio-temporal variability on Mt. Cameroon (Cameroon). Using a combination of automatic video recording and personal observations, we constructed eight comprehensive sunbird-flower networks in four forest types occurring in different elevations and in both the dry and wet season. As reported by previous studies the montane forest plants, birds and whole networks were highly generalized. Nevertheless, we observed much higher specialization in forests in lower elevations. The wet season was also characterised by higher, but not significant, specialization. While less specialized flowering trees dominated in dry season networks, more specialized herbs and shrubs were visited during the wet season. Whereas our findings do not support the generally accepted assumption that Old World bird-flower networks are rather generalized, we need further studies to understand the differences in bird-flower specialization on individual continents.
Prognosis of Critically Ill Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure Due to the SARS-CoV-2 501Y.V2 Variant: A Multicenter Retrospective Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Puech bérénice , legrand Antoine , Simon Olivier , Combe Chloe , jaffarbandjee marie-christine , caron margot , Vidal Charles , mavingui Patrick , blondé renaud , boue yvonnick , berguigua hamza , allyn jérôme , Ferdynus Cyril , allou nicolas 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to compare the prognosis of patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant 501Y.V2 to that of patients with ARF due to the original strain. Methods: This retrospective matched cohort study included all consecutive patients who were hospitalized for ARF due to SARS-CoV-2 in Reunion Island University Hospital between March 2020 and March 2021. Twenty-eight in hospital mortality was evaluated before and after matching.Results: A total of 218 patients with ARF due to SARS-CoV-2 were enrolled in the study. Of these, 83 (38.1%) were infected with the 501Y.V2 variant. During intensive care unit stay, 104 (47.7%) patients received invasive mechanical ventilation and 20 (9.2%) patients were supported by venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Patients infected with the 501Y.V2 variant were younger (58 [51-68] vs. 67 [56-74] years old, P=0.003), had less hypertension (54.2% vs 68.1%, P=0.04), and had less chronic kidney disease (13.3% vs. 31.9%, P=0.002) than patients infected with the original strain. After controlling for confounding variables (62 matched patients in each group), 28-day mortality was higher in the group of patients infected with the 501Y.V2 variant (30.6%) than in the group of patients infected with the original strain (19.4%, P=0.04).Conclusion: In Reunion Island, where SARS-CoV-2 incidence remained low until February 2021 and the health care system was never saturated, mortality was higher in patients with ARF infected with the 501Y.V2 variant than in patients infected with the original strain.
Protein Kinase CK2 Phosphorylates a Conserved Motif in the Notch Effector E(spl)-Mγ
Authors: Jozwick Lucas , Bidwai Ashok 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Across metazoans, the effects of Notch signaling are mediated via the Enhancer of Split (E(spl)/HES) basic Helix-Loop-Helix-Orange (bHLH-O) repressors. Although conserved, sequence diversity is, in large part, restricted to the C-terminal domain (CtD), which separates the O-domain from the penultimate WRPW motif that binds the co-repressor Groucho. While the kinases CK2 and MAPK target the CtD and regulate Drosophila E(spl)-M8 and mammalian HES6, the generality of this regulation to other E(spl)/HES repressors has remained unknown. To determine the broader impact of phosphorylation on this large family of repressors, we conducted bioinformatics, evolutionary and biochemical analyses. Our studies identify E(spl)-Mγ as a new target of native CK2 purified from Drosophila embryos, reveal that phosphorylation is specific to CK2 and independent of the regulatory CK2-β subunit, and identify that the site of phosphorylation is juxtaposed to the WRPW motif, a feature unique to and conserved in the Mγ homologues over 50x106 years of Drosophila evolution. Thus, a preponderance of E(spl) homologues in Drosophila are targets for CK2, and the distinct positioning of the CK2 and MAPK sites, raises the prospect that phosphorylation underlies functional diversity of bHLH-O proteins.
Changes in Cardiac Index Induced by Unilateral Passive Leg Raising: a Novel Way for Assessing Fluid Responsiveness
Authors: Zhao Zhiyong , Zhang Zhongwei , Lin Qionghua , Shen Lihua , Wang Pengmei , Zhang Shan , Xia Zhili , Li Fangfang , Xing Qian , Zhu Biao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the fluid responsiveness of patients, we examined the change in cardiac index (CI) during a unilateral passive leg raising (PLR) test using the ProAQT/Pulsioflex. In addition, we compared the change of CI triggered by bilateral PLR test and unilateral PLR test, and the ability to estimate volume responsiveness in patients.Methods: This was a prospective, observational study, and we enrolled 40 individuals thought of volume expansion. The data of cardiac index, stroke variation in volume, stroke volume index, along with variation in pulse pressure were obtained with ProAQT/Pulsioflex at a semi-recumbent position, during unilateral PLR, bilateral PLR, as well as after expansion of volume (500 ml saline over 15 min). If CI improved more than 15% to the expansion of volume, patients were defined as responders.Results: We excluded three patients. We found that a unilateral PLR-triggered CI increment ≥7.455% forecasted a fluid-triggered CI increment ≥15% with 77.27% sensitivity and 83.33% specificity. Meanwhile, bilateral PLR-triggered increases in CI ≥9.8% forecasted a fluid-triggered CI increment ≥15% with 95.45% sensitivity and 77.78% specificity. The area under the ROC curves constructed for unilateral and bilateral PLR-triggered changes in CI was not significantly different (p=0.1544).Conclusions: The change of CI induced by unilateral PLR may estimate volume responsiveness in patients.Trial registration: Unilateral passive leg raising test to assess patient volume responsiveness: Single-Center Observational Clinical Study, ChiCTR2100046762. Registered 28 May 2021, https://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=127104&htm=4
HIV CRF07_BC is Independently Associated With Slower Disease Progression Than Subtype B in Chinese Patients: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Ye Jingrong , Shao Yiming , Lu Hongyan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
HIV subtypes convey important epidemiological information and possibly influence the rate of disease progression. In this study, HIV disease progression in patients infected with CRF01_AE, CRF07_BC, and subtype B was compared in the largest HIV molecular epidemiology study ever done in China. A national data set of HIV pol sequences was assembled by pooling sequences from public databases and the Beijing HIV laboratory network. Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with the risk of AIDS at diagnosis ([AIDSAD], defined as a CD4 count <200 cells/µL) in patients with HIV subtype B, CRF01_AE, and CRF07_BC. Of the 20,663 sequences, 9,156 (44.3%) were CRF01_AE. CRF07_BC was responsible for 28.3% of infections, followed by B (13.9%). In multivariable analysis, the risk of AIDSAD differed significantly according to HIV subtype (OR for CRF07_BC vs. B: 0.46, 95% CI 0.39─0.53), age (OR for ≥65 years vs. <18 years: 4.3 95% CI 1.81─11.8), and transmission risk groups (OR for man who have sex with man vs. heterosexual: 0.67 95% CI 0.6─0.75). These findings suggest that HIV diversity in China is constantly evolving and gaining complexity. CRF07_BC is less pathogenic than subtype B, while CRF01_AE is as pathogenic as B.
Clinicopathological Profile, Management and Clinical Outcomes in Recurrent Cases of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia at a Tertiary Care Centre: Original Article
Authors: KUMAR SONALI Kumar , KUMAR Vinay Kumar , Mishra Sanjay Kumar , Sati Alok 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
PurposeThis study was taken up at this centre to look into the various causes of recurrence, clinicopathological profile and final outcomes in recurrent OSSN. MethodologyA prospective cohort study was conducted and total 18 patients were recruited. All patients were subjected to detailed history, comprehensive eye examination and imaging studies. A treatment plan was formulated based on the size and extent of the lesion. Primary outcome measures were resolution/regression of tumor, recurrence of the lesion and incidence of complication associated with each treatment modality.ResultsThe common cause of recurrence in our study was misdiagnosis of the lesion as in 15 cases it was diagnosed as pterygium and in 03 cases it was actinic keratosis. Excision Biopsy with adjunctive cryotherapy was the preferred treatment modality followed by topical interferon @ 2b drop in our study. We could achieve good outcomes in terms of complete regression of the tumor in 15 cases. The complication associated with this treatment was minimal in our study as few patient develop redness and irritation which got subsided after application of topical lubricants. There was no recurrence of the lesion even after 06 months of follow up in all 18 cases.ConclusionRecurrence can be mitigated in all cases of OSSN if they are diagnosed on time with institution of appropriate treatment modality. Regular follow- up is required to assess the response to treatment and change over to new treatment plan in cases with inadequate response to curb the incidence of recurrence in OSSN.