bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seventy years of Chinese anthropology
Authors: Zhang Jijiao , Wu Yue 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the 70-year history of Chinese anthropology from domestic and international perspectives since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. The policy of reform and opening-up in 1978 was a turning point in Chinese anthropology. Within the 30 years before the reform and opening-up, Chinese anthropology was more or less at a 10-year standstill that was then followed by a boom influenced by the former Soviet Union. The continued development of Chinese anthropology in the 40 years after reform and opening-up can be divided into five stages based on “major events” and “internationalization.” The first stage (1978–1995) can be described as a discipline reconstruction period; the second stage (1995–1999) witnessed the fast development and internationalization of Chinese anthropology; in the third stage (2000–2008), Chinese anthropology became an important discipline at home with improving international integration. The fourth stage (2009–2012) exhibited the initial formation of the discipline system and frequent international exchanges; and the fifth stage saw deepening domestic anthropology research and increasing overseas studies (from 2013 to present). In the past 70 years, and especially in the 40 years of reform and opening-up, Chinese anthropology has developed greatly in many aspects, including institution building, degree awarding, talent training, research communities establishing, conferences held at home and abroad, engagement with hotly-debated issues, and has existed with both advantages and disadvantages. All these demonstrate the characteristics of Chinese anthropology that are different from the discipline as practiced in the West.
Establishing criteria for the management of tephritid fruit fly outbreaks
Authors: Ormsby Michael D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTephritid fruit flies (Diptera; Tephritidae) represent a group of insects that include some of the most economically important pests in horticulture. Because of their economic importance, the financial impacts of an incursion of tephritid fruit flies into a new area can often result in restrictions to trade. The economic impacts of any trade restrictions imposed by importing countries are confounded by the current absence of consistent and accepted criteria for the strength and extent of any trade restrictions and declaring the end of an incursion. The author has developed models that can be used to establish criteria for the management of tephritid fruit fly outbreaks as outlined in international standards. A model enables criteria on when to recognise an incursion has occurred and establish export restrictions. Another model determines what area or radius an export restriction zone (ERZ) should cover. And a third model establishes criteria for the conditions required to enable an ERZ to be rescinded and the area’s pest free status reinstated. The models rely primarily on fruit fly biology and the effectiveness of surveillance trapping systems. The adoption of these proposed criteria internationally for establishing a control system and responding to fruit fly outbreaks would provide considerable economic benefits to international trade. Additionally, these criteria would enable countries to make more informed cost–benefit decisions on the level of investment in fruit fly control systems that better reflects the economic risks fruit flies represent to their economy.
Iconographic Volatility in the Fuxi-Nüwa Triads of the Han Dynasty
Authors: Guo Yanlong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Over the span of some two hundred years, from the late Western Han to the late Eastern Han, triad images featuring a prominent central being flanked by two smaller, snake-bodied figures, occurred on murals and carved stones in Henan, Shandong, and adjacent areas. The iconographic schema of the flanking figures, Nüwa and Fuxi, appears mature and stable, with their identities consistently determined by their half-human, half-serpent, and gendered bodies as well as by the divine objects they hold—sun and moon, compass and T square, numinous mushrooms. The iconography of the third being, however, appears far less consistent and somewhat elusive, yielding many different identifications by scholars. The seemingly anomalous pictorial program speaks to the issue of iconographic volatility in Han art. Looking across the corpus of triad images, this essay identifies the volatile third being as the Grand One, and proposes that its figural metamorphoses were predicated on the amorphousness of the supreme deity of Daoist cosmogony. Distilling the three most important formal aspects of the Grand One—a therianthropic being, a forceful facilitator, and a regal icon—this essay argues that the triad images embodied a coherent program depicting the cosmogonic origin of the world that began with the Grand One conjugating yin and yang, associated with Nüwa and Fuxi respectively. The emergence of this triad imagery coincided with evolving Daoist thought during the Han dynasty.
A Word for Shen Yuan
Authors: Whitfield Roderick 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses the roles of Shen Yuan, an artist at the Yongzheng court, who produced the monochrome cartoon of Qingming shanghe tu, and of the five court artists who produced the final version in colors on silk. Their respective contributions show that Shen Yuan used details from Zhang Zeduan's Song-dynasty original and later versions to create an entirely new composition. The five court artists adhered closely to Shen Yuan's cartoon, while adding some embellishments. The unusual honor accorded to the cartoon, bearing seals of Prince Bao, and mounted with the same brocade as Qiu Ying's version, highlight Shen Yuan's seminal role, despite his name not appearing in the finished painting.
Η Θεραπευτική σχέση στη συστημική ψυχοθεραπεία οικογένειας και ζεύγους: απόψεις σε εξέλιξη
Authors: Pomini Valeria 
Published: June 2021

The relationship between therapist and client plays a central role in the quality and effectiveness of psychotherapy, independently from the therapeutic approach adopted by the therapist. The therapeutic relationship in the frame of Systemic Family and Couple Psychotherapy (SFCP), presents several peculiarities, especially when displayed in the "classical" therapeutic context of systemic psychotherapy, where complex and multifaceted relationships develop between therapists and family members, in front and through the one-way mirror, forming a network of "multiple bonds". Modern views on therapeutic relationship in SFCP have been influenced by the development of the "second order cybernetic", since the late 1980s, and the subsequent "linguistic shift", according to which the therapist, as a part of the therapeutic system, dialogues with family members, contributing to co-constructs new realities, as a therapeutic change cannot result from a didactic / guiding relationship. In this context, the emotions and feelings of the members of the therapeutic system come to the fore, whilst the issue of clients’ resistance to the treatment process is completely redefined. The research regarding the therapeutic relationship in the systemic approach, using both quantitative and qualitative methods, focused on a variety of dimensions, e.g., the impact of the session context and the used techniques, the degree of empathy between therapists and clients, and the therapeutic alliance that develops between them. In more recent years, the provision of mental health services using digital practices raised new challenges and concerns regarding the development of the therapeutic relationship in the new conditions of cooperation between therapist(s) and client(s) in online settings.
Negative sentiment towards COVID-19 vaccines: A comparative study of USA and UK social media posts before vaccination rollout
Authors: Lappeman James , Munyai Keneilwe , Mugo Kagina Benjamin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract Introduction: The global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic was rapid and devastating to humanity. The public health response to the pandemic was rapid too. Completion of COVID-19 vaccine development was achieved in under a year. The USA and the UK were the first countries to rollout COVID-19 vaccines to contain the pandemic. Successful rollout of the vaccines hinges on many factors, among which is public trust. Aim: To investigate the sentiments towards COVID-19 vaccines in the USA and UK prior to vaccination rollout. Methods: Neuro-linguistic programming with human validation was used to analyse a sample of 243,883 COVID-19 vaccine related social media posts from the USA and the UK in the period 28 July to 28 August 2020. The sentiment analysis measured polarity (positive, neutral, negative), and the themes present in negative comments. Results: In the sample of 243,883 social media posts, both the USA and the UK had a net sentiment profile of approximately 28% positive, 8% negative and 63% neutral sentiment. On further analysis, there were distinct differences between the two country’s social media sentiment towards COVID-19 vaccines. The differences were seen in the themes behind the negative sentiment. In the USA, the negative sentiments were mainly due to health and safety concerns, the fear of making a vaccine mandatory, and the role that pharmaceutical companies would play with the release of vaccines. In the UK the main driver of negative sentiment was the fear of making the vaccine mandatory (almost double the size of the sentiment in the USA). Conclusions: Negative sentiments towards COVID-19 vaccines were prevalent in the third quarter of 2020 in the USA and the UK. Reasons behind the negative sentiments can be used by authorities in the two countries to design evidence-based interventions to address the refusal of vaccination against COVID-19.
Pesticide exposure and rhinitis: A cross-sectional study among farmers in Pitsanulok, Thailand
Authors: Juntarawijit Yuwayong , Juntarawijit Chudchawal 
Published: June 2021

Background: Pesticide exposure has been suspected to cause rhinitis, a common disease that affects the health and wellbeing of millions of people around the world. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to examine the association between pesticide use and rhinitis prevalence among farmers in Phitsanulok province, Thailand. Methods: Data on pesticide use and rhinitis use were collected by an in-person interview questionnaire. Data from 9,649 participants were included in the analysis. The association between pesticide exposure and rhinitis was determined by multiple variable logistic regression, adjusted for potential confounding factors. Results: It was found that 6.3% of study participants had rhinitis, which was defined as having one or more of the following symptoms: sneezing, runny nose, and nasal congestion, within the past year. The study found each type of pesticide (insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, rodenticides, molluscicides) to be significantly associated with rhinitis, with the odds ratio ranging from 1.67 (95% CI 1.41-1.99) for the fungicide group to 7.19 (95% CI 4.67-11.06) for insecticide. For individual pesticides, the study found 33 out of 35 to be significantly associated with rhinitis with the OR values ranging from 1.30 (95% CI 1.00-1.69) for alachlor to 5.67 (95% CI 3.16-10.16) for Bordeaux mixture. Conclusions: This study found a prevalence of rhinitis among farmers in Phitsanulok, Thailand to be associated with the long-term exposure of many individual pesticides. This finding was consistent with other literature. Effects of pesticide on rhinitis should receive more attention from the public health and other organizations responsible for the farmers’ health.
Traumatic brain injury epidemiology and rehabilitation in Ireland: a protocol paper
Authors: O'Donnell Kate , Healy Andrea , Burke Teresa , Staines Anthony , McGettrick Grainne , Kwasky Andrea , O'Halloran Philip , Corrigan Catherine 
Published: June 2021

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. In Ireland, a dearth of research on TBI means that we neither know the number of people affected by this injury, nor have the information required to improve neuro-rehabilitation services. Aims: This is the protocol for a study that will examine pathways through rehabilitation for survivors of TBI in the Republic of Ireland. The experiences of family members providing care or support to a person with TBI will also be explored. Additionally, the study will estimate the incidence and prevalence of TBI in Ireland. Epidemiological data and information on how people with TBI access rehabilitation and health services will support advocacy efforts towards the redevelopment of neuro-rehabilitation services. Methods: The research is a mixed method, observational cohort study design. Participants with moderate to severe TBI will be recruited through two brain injury service providers, two acute hospitals that provide neurosurgical services, and the National Rehabilitation Hospital. Questionnaires will be administered to participants with TBI on two separate occasions, six months apart, and to family members providing care or support to an individual with TBI, on one occasion. Data from the medical records of participants will be abstracted to capture key information about their brain injury. TBI survivor participants’ use of health care will be followed prospectively for six months. Expected outcomes: The study will outline participants’ pathways through rehabilitation in Ireland, to understand how rehabilitation services are accessed, and the barriers to accessing these services. The incidence and prevalence of TBI in Ireland will be estimated. Experiences of family members providing care or support to an individual with TBI will be detailed. The outcomes of the study will support ongoing efforts to improve care for TBI survivors in Ireland and to redevelop neuro-rehabilitation services.
necropolítica, governo sobre as infâncias negras e educação do rosto
Authors: Silva Divino José da , Almeida Jonas Rangel de , Pagni Pedro Angelo 
Published: June 2021

In this article, we seek to discuss the recurrence of racism and prejudice toward black lives and childhoods, in spite of repeated initiatives to overcome it by social and educational policy-makers. Following the investigations launched by Michel Foucault on the biopower hypothesis, we revisit some of his interpreters, with the objective of discussing the challenges posed by racism to pedagogical provisions for black children and—following on a concept offered by Emmanuel Levinas--an education of the Face (el Rostro), as a weapon in the political field of struggle against the thanatological dimension of biopolitics. To do so, we retrace some scenes from the history of inclusion devices – especially those policies aimed at black populations. We reflect on the racism embedded in our historical unconscious and discuss how it affects the education of the black Face in our country. We problematize the peculiarities of Brazilian racial prejudice and explore its necropolitical positioning when it comes to the governance of black childhoods. We conclude that the current form of governmentality and education needs a movement of de-rostification—deconstuction of the black Face--in order to identify a future for black children that makes it possible to rise up against the hegemonic order of the white-male-heterosexual-christian-European, and to create processes of subjectivation that can build solidarity with the multiplicity of others-becoming-minoritarian.
O papel da política externa brasileira e da paradiplomacia na resposta ao coronavírus | Brazilian foreign affairs and paradiplomacy role in the Coronavirus response efforts
Authors: Oliveira Patrícia , Nery Tiago 
Published: June 2021

A partir dos anos 1980, fatores domésticos e sistêmicos contribuíram para que a política externa começasse a incorporar novos atores e temas para além das questões relativas à defesa e à segurança. Nesse contexto, a dimensão subnacional da política externa passou a ganhar cada vez mais importância com a atuação de estados e municípios em busca de um maior protagonismo internacional. Em 2020, com o surto global do coronavírus, essa atuação tem ganhado destaque pela incessante busca de parcerias internacionais para combater a doença, muitas vezes contrariando o governo federal, cuja atuação tem sido marcada pela falta de coordenação e até mesmo pelo conflito entre a União e os entes federativos. De natureza qualitativa, esse artigo utilizará fontes primárias e secundárias a fim de compreender a política externa subnacional voltada para o combate à pandemia.Palavras-chave: Política externa brasileira; paradiplomacia; coronavírus. ABSTRACTSince the 1980s, domestic and systemic factors contributed to the incorporation of new actors and themes in addition to defense and security issues at the foreign policy agenda. In this context, the action of states and municipalities searching for a greater international role result in a growth of importance of the subnational dimension of foreign policy. In 2020, with the global outbreak of coronavirus, this performance has gained prominence due to the subnational governments incessant search for international partnerships to fight the disease, often contradicting the federal government, whose performance has been marked by the lack of coordination and even by the conflict between the Union and federative entities. As a qualitative research, this article will use primary and secondary sources in order to understand the subnational foreign policy aimed at combating the pandemic.Keywords: Brazilian foreign policy; paradiplomacy; coronavirus. Recebido em: 01 abr. 2021 | Aceito em: 20 mai. 2021.
Effects of orientation deviation of a beam splitter and a reference mirror on the stability of a two-interferometer-based handheld FFOCT imaging probe
Authors: Tang Yifeng , Gao Wanrong 
Published: June 2021

In this work, we present a handheld full-field optical coherence tomography (FFOCT) system based on a series connection of two interferometers: the Michelson interferometer is used as a compensation part and the Fizeau interferometer is used as a detection part. Owing to the common-path arrangement of the Fizeau interferometer, this handheld FFOCT system has a compact detection arm and is insensitive to the external disturbance. A high-output halogen lamp and high NA microscope objective contribute to achieving the spatial resolution of

0.7

µ

m

×

0.5

µ

m

(transverse × axial). Low imaging stability is caused by an extremely short coherence length. We found that to generate en face images with high quality and high stability using a probe with an extremely short coherence length, the range of deviation of the orientation of the beam splitter must be less than 1°, and the range of orientation deviation of the mirror in the Michelson interferometer corresponds to the displacement between the two field stop images at a distance not to exceed 10 µm.
Positioning the National Health Insurance for financial sustainability and Universal Health Coverage in Ghana: A qualitative study among key stakeholders
Authors: Aikins Moses , Tabong Philip Teg-Nefaah , Salari Paola , Tediosi Fabrizio , Asenso-Boadi Francis M. , Akweongo Patricia 
Published: June 2021

Introduction
The National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) was introduced in 2003 to reduce “out-of-pocket” payments for health care in Ghana. Over a decade of its implementation, issues about the financial sustainability of this pro-poor policy remains a crippling fact despite its critical role to go towards Universal Health Coverage. We therefore conducted this study to elicit stakeholders’ views on ways to improve the financial sustainability of the operations of NHIS.

Methods
Twenty (20) stakeholders were identified from Ministry of Health, Ghana Health Services, health workers groups, private medical practitioners, civil society organizations and developmental partners. They were interviewed using an interview guide developed from a NHIS policy review and analysis. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data were analysed thematically with the aid of NVivo 12 software.

Results
Stakeholders admitted that the NHIS is currently unable to meet its financial obligations. The stakeholders suggested first the adoption of capitation as a provider payment mechanism to minimize the risk of providers’ fraud and protection from political interference. Secondly, they indicated that rapid releases of specific statutory deductions and taxes for NHIS providers could reduce delays in claims’ reimbursement which is one of the main challenges faced by healthcare providers. Aligning the NHIS with the Community-based Health Planning and Services and including preventive and promotive health is necessary to position the Scheme for Universal Health Coverage.

Conclusion
The Scheme will potentially achieve UHC if protected from political interference to improve the governance and transparency that affects the finances of the scheme and the expansion of services to include preventive and promotive services and cancers.
Population-based incidence and mortality of community-acquired pneumonia in Germany
Authors: Theilacker Christian , Sprenger Ralf , Leverkus Friedhelm , Walker Jochen , Häckl Dennis , von Eiff Christof , Schiffner-Rohe Julia 
Published: June 2021

Background
Little information on the current burden of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults in Germany is available.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using a representative healthcare claims database of approx. 4 million adults to estimate the incidence rates (IR) and associated mortality of CAP in 2015. IR and mortality were stratified by treatment setting, age group, and risk group status. A pneumonia coded in the primary diagnosis position or in the second diagnosis position with another pneumonia-related condition coded in the primary position was used as the base cases definition for the study. Sensitivity analyses using broader and more restrictive case definitions were also performed.

Results
The overall IR of CAP in adults ≥18 years was 1,054 cases per 100,000 person-years of observation. In adults aged 16 to 59 years, IR for overall CAP, hospitalized CAP and outpatient CAP was 551, 96 and 466 (with a hospitalization rate of 17%). In adults aged ≥60 years, the respective IR were 2,032, 1,061 and 1,053 (with a hospitalization rate of 52%). If any pneumonia coded in the primary or secondary diagnosis position was considered for hospitalized patients, the IR increased 1.5-fold to 1,560 in the elderly ≥60 years. The incidence of CAP hospitalizations was substantially higher in adults ≥18 years with at-risk conditions and high-risk conditions (IR of 608 and 1,552, respectively), compared to adults without underlying risk conditions (IR 108). High mortality of hospitalized CAP in adults ≥18 was observed in-hospital (18.5%), at 30 days (22.9%) and at one-year (44.5%) after CAP onset. Mortality was more than double in older adults in comparison to younger patients.

Conclusion
CAP burden in older adults and individuals with underlying risk conditions was high. Maximizing uptake of existing vaccines for respiratory diseases may help to mitigate the disease burden, especially in times of strained healthcare resources.
On the sub–diffusion fractional initial value problem with time variable order
Authors: Cuesta Eduardo , Kirane Mokhtar , Alsaedi Ahmed , Ahmad Bashir 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We consider a fractional derivative with order varying in time. Then, we derive for it a Leibniz' inequality and an integration by parts formula. We also study an initial value problem with our time variable order fractional derivative and present a regularity result for it, and a study on the asymptotic behavior.