bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Collisional Cross Section Using Microscale High‐Field Asymmetric Waveform ion Mobility Spectroscopy–Mass Spectrometry (FAIMS‐MS)
Authors: Krasnova Kristina , Creaser Colin S. , Reynolds James C. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTRationaleCollisional cross sections (CCS) are an important characteristic of gas‐phase ions that are measured using ion mobility‐mass spectrometry (IMS). Typically, CCS measurements are performed with drift‐tube IMS or travelling‐wave IMS. However. in a high‐field asymmetric waveform ion mobility (FAIMS) device, ion heating effects make CCS determination more challenging. This research explores whether CCS can be predicted with microscale FAIMS by using known CCS standards.MethodsAn Owlstone ultraFAIMS microscale FAIMS spectrometer was coupled to an Orbitrap Exactive mass spectrometer. Two different CCS standard mixtures (tetraalkylammonium halides [TAAHs] and poly‐DL‐alanine oligomers) were used to evaluate the system's potential to determine CCS. Test peptide bradykinin acetate and substance P were used to evaluate CCS determination accuracy for singly and doubly charged peptide species using external calibration with a series of poly‐DL‐alanine peptides for +1, +2 charge states.ResultsCalibrations with excellent correlation coefficients (R2 = 0.99) for both TAAHs and poly‐DL‐alanine were obtained. Good accuracy of determination was achieved for bradykinin [M + 2H]2+ with a ± 0.5% difference between experimental and published CCS at a dispersion field (DF) strength of 250 Td; the model proved less accurate for bradykinin [M + H]+ (±1.4% at 240 Td). The accuracy of determination for the [M + H]+ and [M + 2H]2+ ions of substance P was within ± 5% and ± 3% at 250 Td, respectively, while at higher DF values, accuracy decreased to approximately 5%.ConclusionsDistinct relationships were observed between CCS and transmission CF with both calibrants. Optimum accuracy was obtained at DF 240–260 Td. At lower DF, accuracy is reduced by insufficient resolution of analyte ions from solvent cluster adducts, while at higher DF values, poor transmission becomes a factor. Nevertheless, these data suggest microscale FAIMS can conduct CCS measurements with reasonable accuracy when the compound being measured has similar structural features to the CCS standards used.
NR5A1 and cell population heterogeneity: Insights into developmental and functional disparities and regulatory mechanisms
Authors: Inoue Miki , Miyabayashi Kanako , Shima Yuichi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundNR5A1 plays essential roles in the development of various tissues, including the ventromedial hypothalamus, pituitary gonadotrope, adrenal cortex, spleen, testis, and ovary. Additionally, NR5A1‐positive cells in these tissues exhibit developmental and functional heterogeneity.MethodsThis review summarizes recent knowledge on the relationships between physiological functions and gene cascades regulated by NR5A1 in each tissue. In addition, we also present several intriguing examples of disparities in Nr5a1 gene regulation within the same tissues, which are relevant to developmentally and functionally heterogeneous cell populations.Main FindingsThe adrenal cortex and testicular Leydig cells exhibit clear biphasic developmental processes, resulting in functionally distinct fetal and adult cell populations in which Nr5a1 is regulated by distinct enhancers. Similar heterogeneity of cell populations has been suggested in other tissues. However, functional differences in each cell population remain unclear, and Nr5a1 gene regulation disparities have not been reported.ConclusionSome steroidogenic tissues demonstrate biphasic development, with fetal and adult cell populations playing distinct and crucial physiological roles. Nr5a1 regulation varies across cell populations, and analyses of gene cascades centered on NR5A1 will aid in understanding the mechanisms underlying the development and maturation of reproductive capabilities.
Problematische Nutzung digitaler Medien und Gesundheitskompetenz von Schülerinnen und Schülern in Deutschland. Befunde der HBSC-Studie 2022
Authors: Dadaczynski Kevin , Kaman Anne , Ravens-Sieberer Ulrike , Fischer Saskia M. , Bilz Ludwig , Sendatzki Saskia , Helmchen Ronja M. , Rathmann Katharina , Richter Matthias 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Der digitale Alltag von Kindern und Jugendlichen ist durch eine hohe Nutzung sozialer Medien und digitaler Spiele geprägt. Bisherige Forschung konnte gesundheitsabträgliche Konsequenzen einer problematischen Mediennutzung aufzeigen. Hingegen wurden Zusammenhänge mit der Gesundheitskompetenz kaum untersucht, obgleich Rahmenmodelle Gesundheitskompetenz als Determinante des Gesundheitsverhaltens nahelegen.

Methoden
Dieser Beitrag greift auf Daten der repräsentativen Studie „Health Behaviour in School-aged Children“ (HBSC) in Deutschland aus dem Jahr 2022 mit n = 6475 Schülerinnen und Schülern zurück. Es wurden Zusammenhänge zwischen der problematischen Nutzung von sozialen Medien und der Videospielintensität sowie der Gesundheitskompetenz unter Berücksichtigung soziodemografischer und -ökonomischer Merkmale bivariat und multivariat untersucht.

Ergebnisse
Die Prävalenz der problematischen Nutzung sozialer Medien betrug 11,1 % und etwa ein Drittel gab an, mehr als 9 h pro Woche mit digitalen Spielen zu verbringen. Eine geringe Gesundheitskompetenz stand mit beiden Formen der Mediennutzung in signifikantem Zusammenhang. Zudem war die problematische Nutzung sozialer Medien mit einer weiblichen und genderdiversen Geschlechtszugehörigkeit, dem Alter von 13 Jahren, dem Vorliegen eines Migrationshintergrunds und der Zugehörigkeit zu einer anderen Schulform als das Gymnasium verbunden. Eine hohe Spielintensität war mit einer männlichen und genderdiversen Geschlechtszuordnung, der Zugehörigkeit zu den Altersgruppen der 13- und 15-Jährigen und einem geringen familiären Wohlstand assoziiert.

Diskussion
Die Ergebnisse liefern nicht nur Hinweise für die Identifikation von Heranwachsenden mit besonderem Präventionsbedarf, sondern betonen auch die Relevanz, die der Gesundheitskompetenz für das Mediennutzungsverhalten zukommt. Exemplarische Empfehlungen werden unter Rückgriff auf die internationale Literatur aufgegriffen.
Operative Versorgungsstrategien bei periprothetischen Femurfrakturen Typ Vancouver B
Authors: Ries Christian , Gerhardt Patrick , Helwig Peter , Bäthis Holger , Kirschner Stephan , Rolvien Tim , Beil Frank Timo 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Durch den demographischen Wandel ist eine weitere Zunahme von endoprothetischen Versorgungen anzunehmen. Entsprechend ist, wie bereits in den letzten Jahren zu beobachten, mit einem weiteren Anstieg periprothetischer Frakturen zu rechnen. Die periprothetische Fraktur ist mittlerweile der dritthäufigste Grund für eine Revisionsoperation nach Implantation einer Hüfttotalendoprothese.

Ziel der Arbeit
Unter Berücksichtigung der bekannten Risikofaktoren für periprothetische Femurfrakturen (PPF) werden die Versorgungsstrategien der periprothetischen Frakturbehandlung auf Grundlage der aktuellen Erkenntnisse evaluiert, um Empfehlungen für die Praxis aussprechen zu können.

Material und Methoden
Narratives Review.

Ergebnisse
Die Literatur ist sehr heterogen und für viele Aspekte fehlt die Evidenz. Basis vieler Behandlungsempfehlungen bilden nicht randomisierte Studien mit geringer Patientenanzahl. Die Mortalität nach PPF ist unabhängig von der gewählten Therapie hoch. Das Alter und die Knochenqualität spielen eine Rolle bei der Versorgungstrategie und bei den heterogenen Ergebnissen. Für die Schaftverankerung bei Wechseloperationen nach proximaler PPF werden zementierte und zementfreie Schäfte in der Literatur gleichermaßen verwendet. Signifikante Ergebnisunterschiede zeigen sich nicht. Ein propagierter Vorteil von zementfreien Schäften in modularer Ausfertigung für diese Versorgung wird von der Literatur aktuell nicht gestützt.

Schlussfolgerungen
Unter Berücksichtigung der Umfeldfaktoren und Komorbiditäten empfiehlt sich ein individueller Ansatz bei der Versorgung PPF. Beim geriatrischen Patienten sollte zur Vermeidung von Komplikationen postoperativ eine Vollbelastung der unteren Extremität angestrebt werden.
Improving image quality and diagnostic usability in photon-counting coronary CT angiography using a novel reconstruction algorithm
Authors: Haag Nina P. , Niehoff Julius H. , Shahzadi Iram , Panknin Christoph , Wiemer Marcus , Kaese Sven , Gertz Roman Johannes , Pennig Lenhard , Platte Ole Inuk , Surov Alexey , Borggrefe Jan , Kroeger Jan Robert 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Qualitative comparison of image quality and diagnostic usability of the recently introduced ZeeFree (ZF) reconstruction algorithm for photon-counting coronary CT angiography (cCTA) with Standard (SD) and TrueStack (TS) reconstruction algorithms.

Methods and materials
This retrospective single-center study included 59 patients (mean age 62.5 ± 13.7, 37 males) who were referred for cCTA on a clinical photon-counting CT scanner between July and December 2023. Curved planar reformations were reconstructed for coronary arteries using ZF, SD, and TS algorithms. Three blinded radiologists individually evaluated image quality on a 5-point Likert scale (5 = excellent; median and interquartile range). Differences were evaluated using Friedman’s test with pair-wise post-hoc testing. Readers were advised to assess the image quality to be diagnostic using a dichotomous yes/no question, with results being presented as percentages and significance evaluated by the Pearson Chi-Square test. Interrater reliability for image quality used Gwet’s AC2 coefficient with ordinal weights, and Gwet’s AC1 coefficient for diagnostic usability.

Results
ZF showed superior quality (4 (2)) compared to SD (4 (2), p = 0.03) and TS (4 (1), p < 0.001) while a substantial inter-rater agreement was observed for all algorithms (0.70–0.74). Furthermore, ZF obtained the highest diagnostic usability compared to SD (82.5% vs. 77.0%, p < 0.001) and TS (75.5%, p < 0.001) while yielding an almost perfect inter-rater agreement (0.84).

Conclusion
Compared to SD and TS, the novel ZF image reconstruction algorithm for photon-counting cCTA provides improved image quality and diagnostic usability, suggesting its primary use for clinical assessment.

Key Points

Question

How well does the novel ZeeFree algorithm address motion artifacts in photon-counting coronary CT angiography?

Findings

ZeeFree significantly outperformed Standard and TrueStack reconstruction algorithms for image quality and diagnostic usability.

Clinical relevance

Enhanced image quality with ZeeFree could improve the diagnosis of coronary artery disease.
Stratospheric polar vortex, wave absorption/reflection and effect on surface climate
Authors: Hannachi A. , Lechner M. , Finke K. , Mukhin D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The study of the stratosphere-troposphere interaction is important as it can contribute to boosting predictability in the subseasonal-to-seasonal timescale, particularly regarding extremes. This manuscript investigates the relationship between the stratospheric polar vortex and its sudden stratospheric warming and the troposphere in regard to the reflective and absorptive states of the vortex. We explore the eddy heat flux in relation to vertical wave propagation and sudden stratospheric warming, in addition to using the reflective index for comparison and checking. To find reflective and absorptive vortex regime and associated tropospheric flow, the analysis is complemented by clustering analysis. Using northern winter stratospheric and mid-tropospheric Reanalysis heights as well as sea level pressure and 2 m-temperature, absorptive and reflective states are identified and their coherent structures investigated in relation to the vortex state and surface climate. While the reflective index is not consistent with the eddy heat flux on the classification, the absorptive type for both methods consistently trigger a response in the annular mode with a negative Arctic Oscillation imprint. It also exhibits longer lasting wave propagation, compared to reflective types, suggesting sustained disruption of the circulation and occurrence of blocking. The clustering analysis reveals specific characteristics within vortex states affecting wave propagation. Precisely, weak and displaced or split vortex over the eastern hemisphere is associated with absorptive type, and yields more persistence, compared to the reflective type, associated with strong or quite weak vortex and also displaced vortex over North America. Effect on the surface climate are also discussed.
Schwall hat auch für adulte Äschen Konsequenzen. Beobachtungen zu schwall- und sunkbedingten Standortwechseln am Oberen Inn
Authors: Pinter Kurt , Wolf Moritz , Neuburg Jakob , Schletterer Martin , Hauer Christoph , Holzapfel Patrick 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Die negativen Auswirkungen schwallbelasteter Fließgewässer auf juvenile Äschen (Thymallus thymallus) sind weitgehend bekannt. Für andere Altersstadien sind bisher nur wenige wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen verfügbar. Diese Studie konzentriert sich auf die Habitatwahl adulter Äschen im Oberen Inn. Mithilfe von telemetrischen Standortbestimmungen wurden die Reaktionen der Fische auf wechselnde Abflussbedingungen (Schwall und Sunk) erfasst. Ergänzend wurden fotogrammetrische Daten des Untersuchungsgebiets erhoben und hydrodynamischen Modelle berechnet, um die Parameter Fließgeschwindigkeit und Wassertiefe an den von den Äschen gewählten bzw. verlassenen Standorten bei Schwall und Sunk zu ermitteln. Äschen reagieren aktiv auf Abflussänderungen und verändern ihre Position im Mittel um rund 21 m, um bevorzugte Habitatbedingungen wie moderate Wassertiefen (0,56–1,19 m) und Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten (0,57–1,27 m/s) aufzusuchen. Die verlassenen Standorte weisen signifikant abweichende abiotische Rahmenbedingungen auf. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit gezielter Maßnahmen zur Reduktion der Auswirkungen von Schwall-Sunk, um die Lebensraumqualität für adulte Äschen zu verbessern.
Randomized crossover comparison of two teriparatide self-injection regimens for primary osteoporosis: Interim report (end of 52-week treatment) of the Japanese Osteoporosis Intervention Trial 06 (JOINT-06)
Authors: Soen Satoshi , Uemura Yukari , Tanaka Shiro , Takeuchi Yasuhiro , Endo Naoto , Takada Junichi , Ikeda Satoshi , Iwamoto Jun , Okimoto Nobukazu , Tanaka Sakae 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Patient satisfaction with two teriparatide (TPTD) self-injection regimens [once-daily (1/D)-TPTD and twice-weekly (2/W)-TPTD] was compared in a randomized crossover study involving patients with osteoporosis at high fracture risk.

Materials and Methods
Questionnaires evaluated overall satisfaction, satisfaction with treatment effectiveness, satisfaction with utility of the self-injection device, and preference for a particular injection regimen after crossover. Quality of life (QOL), visual analogue scale pain scores, and bone mineral density (BMD) were also analyzed. Safety was evaluated based on the incidence and severity of adverse events (AEs).

Results
The 1/D-TPTD and 2/W-TPTD groups comprised 180 (mean age: 75.9 ± 7.3 years) and 178 (75.4 ± 6.9 years) patients, respectively. After 26 weeks of treatment, the injection regimens were switched and treatment continued for another 26 weeks. Significantly higher persistence was observed in the 1/D-TPTD to 2/W-TPTD group (p = 0.032). No significant between-group differences in overall satisfaction scores or satisfaction with treatment were observed. Satisfaction with the utility of the injection device was significantly higher with the 2/W-TPTD regimen (p < 0.05); this regimen was preferred by 69.4% of patients after crossover (p < 0.001). A significant increase in BMD from baseline was observed at the lumbar vertebrae in both groups and at the hip area in the 1/D-TPTD to 2/W-TPTD group at 52 weeks (p < 0.05). Significant improvement in the QOL score was observed in both groups (p < 0.05). No serious AEs were reported.

Conclusion
Continuation of this study will further clarify patient satisfaction, treatment effects, and tolerability.
The genetic landscape of pediatric postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
Authors: Qu Huiqi , Qu Jingchun , Chang Xiao , Williams Nolan , Mentch Frank , Snyder James , Lemma Maria , Nguyen Kenny , Behr Meckenzie , March Michael , Connolly John , Glessner Joseph , Boris Jeffrey R. , Hakonarson Hakon 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a complex disorder with serious health consequences, while its etiology remains largely elusive.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic landscape of POTS using genomic approaches in a unique pediatric cohort.

Methods
We conducted a combined genome wide genotyping and whole exome sequencing (WES) study to systemically examine the molecular mechanisms of POTS pathogenesis. The patients were genotyped as two independent cohorts: a family cohort of 100 complete families and a case–control cohort of 207 unrelated European cases and 4063 ethnicity-matched control subjects. The WES component consisted of a subset of the genotyped subjects, including 87 unrelated European cases and 2719 unrelated European control subjects.

Results
The heterogeneous phenotype of POTS made achieving genome-wide significance improbable. Instead, 5670 SNPs with nominal significance (P < 0.05) were identified in both the family and case–control cohorts, with effects in the same direction. We conducted an over-representation analysis (ORA) by considering all genes that showed nominal significance. The ORA identified gene sets linked to cell–cell junction, early estrogen response, and substance-related disorders with statistical significance. Moreover, WES revealed 55 genes with genome-wide significance through rare variant burden analysis, harboring 92 variants classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic by ClinVar.

Conclusions
This study showcases the complex interplay between common and rare genetic variants in POTS development, marking a pioneering step forward in deciphering its complex etiologies. The insights from this research enrich our understanding of POTS, offering new avenues for precise treatment strategies and highlighting areas for further research.
Spectral stochastic gradient method with additional sampling for finite and infinite sums
Authors: Krklec Jerinkić Nataša , Ruggiero Valeria , Trombini Ilaria 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a new stochastic gradient method for numerical minimization of finite sums. We also propose a modified version of this method applicable on more general problems referred to as infinite sum problems, where the objective function is in the form of mathematical expectation. The method is based on a strategy to exploit the effectiveness of the well-known Barzilai–Borwein (BB) rules or variants of these (BB-like) rules for updating the step length in the standard gradient method. The proposed method adapts the aforementioned strategy into the stochastic framework by exploiting the same Sample Average Approximations (SAA) estimator of the objective function for several iterations. Furthermore, the sample size is controlled by an additional sampling which also plays a role in accepting the proposed iterate point. Moreover, the number of “inner” iterations with the same sample is also controlled by an adaptive rule which prevents the method from getting stuck with the same estimator for too long. Convergence results are discussed for the finite and infinite sum version, for general and strongly convex objective functions. For the strongly convex case, we provide convergence rate and worst-case complexity analysis. Numerical experiments on well-known datasets for binary classifications show very promising performance of the method, without the need to provide special values for hyperparameters on which the method depends.
Biofiltration by an imperilled freshwater mussel: implications for water quality in a drying climate
Authors: Daviot Jake R. , Lymbery Alan J. , Beatty Stephen J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Freshwater mussels are keystone species in freshwater streams, providing important ecosystem services, including biofiltration. While most research has focussed on Unionidae mussels in northern hemisphere perennial rivers, far less is known about the biofiltration capacities of Hyriidae mussels, which are prevalent in intermittent rivers in arid and semi-arid regions of the southern hemisphere. This study examined biofiltration of the imperilled Australian hyriid, Westralunio carteri. We estimated biofiltration capacity by measuring reduction in algal concentration across three temperatures (15, 20 and 25 ºC) under laboratory conditions. We then validated these laboratory results with field experiments using natural seston. Westralunio carteri exhibited a mean clearance rate of 177.5 (95% CI 125.4–229.7) mL/g dry tissue/hour in the laboratory and 210.9 (95% CI 171.6–250.2) mL/g dry tissue/hour in the field. Clearance rate increased with temperature, with maximum rates recorded at 25 ºC, and smaller mussels had higher mass-specific clearance rates. Clearance rate estimates aligned with rates in other hyriid mussels. Given its biofiltration capabilities, W. carteri may aid in maintaining water quality in intermittently flowing rivers of south-western Australia, where decreasing streamflow due to climate change is increasing the duration of drying in smaller, warmer and increasingly isolated refuge pools.
Enhancing Academic Decision-Making: A Pilot Study of AI-Supported Journal Selection in Higher Education
Authors: Farber Shai 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This pilot study explores the potential role of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in enhancing the academic manuscript-to-journal matching process, focusing on Large Language Models (LLMs). Through a focused evaluation of LLM-based recommendation systems, the study analyzes their performance across 40 papers from four distinct disciplines: law, psychology, exact sciences, and engineering. The research uniquely compares LLM-generated journal suggestions to expert human evaluations, providing insights into LLM's strengths and limitations. Findings reveal that while LLMs excel in fields with well-established publishing norms, such as psychology and exact sciences, they struggle with interdisciplinary research, niche topics, and emerging fields, particularly in law and engineering. The study contributes new evidence by identifying specific patterns in LLM's performance across disciplines and highlighting critical challenges, such as regional journal biases and the inability to fully address innovative or complex methodologies. These insights establish a foundation for improving AI systems and emphasize the importance of integrating AI capabilities with human expertise for a balanced, efficient, and effective approach to journal selection.
Nut graphs with a given automorphism group
Authors: Bašić Nino , Fowler Patrick W. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A nut graph is a simple graph of order 2 or more for which the adjacency matrix has a single zero eigenvalue such that all nonzero kernel eigenvectors have no zero entry (i.e. are full). It is shown by construction that every finite group can be represented as the group of automorphisms of infinitely many nut graphs. It is further shown that such nut graphs exist even within the class of regular graphs; the cases where the degree is 8, 12, 16, 20 or 24 are realised explicitly.