bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of previous exposure to psychotherapeutic strategies on depression and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gulliver Amelia , Banfield Michelle , Batterham Philip J. , Calear Alison L. , Farrer Louise M. , Dawel Amy , McCallum Sonia , Murray Kristen , Morse Alyssa R. 
Published: January 2021

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has seen an increase in depression and anxiety among those with and without a history of mental illness. Commonly used forms of psychological therapy improve mental health by teaching psychotherapeutic strategies that assist people to better manage their symptoms and cope with life stressors. Minimal research to date has explored their application or value in managing mental health during significant broad-scale public health crises.

Aims
To determine which psychotherapeutic strategies people who have previously received therapy use to manage their distress during the COVID-19 pandemic, and whether the use and perceived helpfulness of these strategies has an effect on symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Method
Data (N = 857) was drawn from multiple waves of a representative longitudinal study of the effects of COVID-19 on the mental health of Australian adults, which includes measures of anxiety, depression and experiences with psychotherapy and psychotherapeutic strategies.

Results
Previous engagement in therapy with psychotherapeutic strategies had a protective effect on depressive but not anxiety symptoms. Common and helpful strategies used by respondents were exercise, mindfulness and breathing exercises. Using mindfulness and perceiving it to be helpful was associated with lower levels of depression and anxiety symptoms. No other strategies were associated with improved mental health.

Conclusions
Prior knowledge of psychotherapeutic strategies may play a role in managing mental health during unprecedented public health events such as a global pandemic. There may be value in promoting these techniques more widely in the community to manage general distress during such times.
Chemical Design and Physical Properties of Dynamic Molecular Assemblies
Authors: Akutagawa Tomoyuki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe thermally activated motional freedom of protons (H+), ions (M+), and molecules can be controlled using supramolecular approaches. In single crystals, motional freedom is enabled because of the small size of H+ and M+ (e.g., Li+ and Na+), and the thermally activated motion of small molecular units can yield molecular rotator structures in electrically conducting and magnetic crystals. The design of hydrogen-bonded networks and rotator–stator structures is a rational method to form functional dynamic molecular assemblies, and the thermally activated motional freedom of alkylamide (–CONHCnH2n+1) chains in discotic hexagonal columnar (Colh) and lamellar (La) liquid crystal phases enables the dipole inversion of polar N–H⋯O= hydrogen-bonded chains, enabling a ferroelectric response to an applied external electric field. The thermally activated rotational freedom of neutral radicals in plastic crystals results in multifunctional dielectric, magnetic, and optical properties at the order–disorder phase transition. In hydrogen-bonded host–guest molecular crystals, dynamic structural transformations are coupled with highly reversibly guest adsorption–desorption in the crystalline state. Further, changes in the fluorescence colour of excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) systems can be exploited for solid-state molecular sensing, in which both dynamic molecular rotation and conformational transformations drastically affect the fluorescent responses.
Cytotoxic T cells response with decreased CD4/CD8 ratio during mammary tumors inhibition in rats induced by non-contact electric fields
Authors: Alamsyah Firman , Pratiwi Rarastoeti , Firdausi Nisrina , Irene Mesak Pello Jessica , Evi Dwi Nugraheni Subekti , Ghitha Fadhlurrahman Ahmad , Nurhidayat Luthfi , Purwo Taruno Warsito 
Published: January 2021

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide and is the leading cause of death in women with cancer. One novel therapy used for breast cancer treatment is non-contact electric fields called electro-capacitive cancer therapy (ECCT) with intermediate frequency (100 kHz) and low intensity (18 Vpp). The objective of this study was to examine the effect of ECCT on mammary tumors growth in rats and observing the immune responses that play a role in fighting the tumor. Methods: Female SD rats were used and divided into four groups, namely control (NINT), placebo (NIT), non- therapy (INT), and therapy (IT) groups with 6 biological replicates in each group. Rats in INT and IT groups were treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene for mammary tumor induction. Only rats in NIT and IT groups were exposed to ECCT individually for 10 hours per day for 21 days. The size of all tumors was measured with a digital caliper. The distributions of PCNA, ErbB2, caspase-3, CD68, CD4 and CD8-positive cells were observed with immunohistochemistry and scoring with ImageJ. Results: The growth rate of mammary tumors in IT group was significantly lower (p<0.05) than that in the INT group. The number of mitotic figures and the percentage of PCNA, caspase-3, and CD68- positive cells in IT group were significantly lower (p<0.05) than those in INT group. Conversely, the percentage of CD8-positive T cells in IT group was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that in INT group. Moreover, the CD4/CD8 ratio in IT group was decreased. Some tumor tissues were blackened and detached from the surrounding tissue, resulting in an open wound which then healed up upon exposure. Conclusions: Non-contact electric fields exposure showed inhibition on mammary tumor growth in rats while inducing CD8+ T cells that lead to tumor cells death and potentially helps wound healing.
Model-based forecasting for Canadian COVID-19 data
Authors: Chen Li-Pang , Zhang Qihuang , Yi Grace Y. , He Wenqing 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundSince March 11, 2020 when the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of infected cases, the number of deaths, and the number of affected countries have climbed rapidly. To understand the impact of COVID-19 on public health, many studies have been conducted for various countries. To complement the available work, in this article we examine Canadian COVID-19 data for the period of March 18, 2020 to August 16, 2020 with the aim to forecast the dynamic trend in a short term.MethodWe focus our attention on Canadian data and analyze the four provinces, Ontario, Alberta, British Columbia, and Quebec, which have the most severe situations in Canada. To build predictive models and conduct prediction, we employ three models,smooth transition autoregressive(STAR) models,neural network(NN) models, andsusceptible-infected-removed(SIR) models, to fit time series data of confirmed cases in the four provinces separately. In comparison, we also analyze the data of daily infections in two states of USA, Texas and New York state, for the period of March 18, 2020 to August 16, 2020. We emphasize that different models make different assumptions which are basically difficult to validate. Yet invoking different models allows us to examine the data from different angles, thus, helping reveal the underlying trajectory of the development of COVID-19 in Canada.FindingThe examinations of the data dated from March 18, 2020 to August 11, 2020 show that the STAR, NN, and SIR models may output different results, though the differences are small in some cases. Prediction over a short term period incurs smaller prediction variability than over a long term period, as expected. The NN method tends to outperform other two methods. All the methods forecast an upward trend in all the four Canadian provinces for the period of August 12, 2020 to August 23, 2020, though the degree varies from method to method. This research offers model-based insights into the pandemic evolvement in Canada.
Current status of a helicopter transportation system on remote islands for patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: Hiu Takeshi , Morimoto Shimpei , Matsuo Ayaka , Satoh Kei , Otsuka Hiroaki , Kutsuna Fumiya , Ozono Keisuke , Hirayama Kosuke , Nakamichi Chikaaki , Yamasaki Kazumi , Ogawa Yuka , Shiozaki Eri , Morofuji Yoichi , Kawahara Ichiro , Horie Nobutaka , Tateishi Yohei , Ono Tomonori , Haraguchi Wataru , Izumo Tsuyoshi , Tsujino Akira , Matsuo Takayuki , Tsutsumi Keisuke 
Published: January 2021

Background
Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with large-vessel occlusion within 6 h of symptom onset to treatment initiation (OTP). Recent trials have extended the therapeutic time window for MT to within 24 h. However, MT treatment remains low in remote areas. Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan has many inhabited islands with no neurointerventionalists. Our hospital on the mainland is a regional hub for eight island hospitals. We evaluated clinical outcomes of MT for patients with AIS on these islands versus on the mainland.

Methods
During 2014–2019, we reviewed consecutive patients with AIS who received MT at our hospital. Patients comprised the Islands group and Mainland group. Patient characteristics and clinical outcomes were compared between groups.

Results
We included 91 patients (Islands group: 15 patients, Mainland group: 76 patients). Seven patients (46.7%) in the Islands group versus 43 (56.6%) in the Mainland group achieved favorable outcomes. Successful recanalization was obtained in 11 patients (73.3%) on the islands and 67 (88.2%) on the mainland. The median OTP time in the Islands was 365 min. In both the Islands and Mainland groups, the OTP time and successful recanalization were associated with functional outcome. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 90 days ≤2 was obtained in two patients and mRS = 3 in four patients among eight patients with OTP time >6 h.

Conclusions
Few patients with AIS on remote islands have received MT. Although patients who underwent MT on the islands had longer OTP, the clinical outcomes were acceptable. OTP time on remote islands must be shortened, as this is related to functional outcome. In some cases with successful recanalization, a favorable outcome can still be obtained even after 6 h. Even if OTP exceeds 6 h, it is desirable to appropriately select patients and actively perform MT.
Characterising polypharmacy in the very old: Findings from the Newcastle 85+ Study
Authors: Davies Laurie E. , Kingston Andrew , Todd Adam , Hanratty Barbara 
Published: January 2021

Background
Polypharmacy is potentially harmful and under-researched amongst the fastest growing subpopulation, the very old (aged ≥85). We aimed to characterise polypharmacy using data from the Newcastle 85+ Study—a prospective cohort of people born in 1921 who turned 85 in 2006 (n = 845).

Methods
The prevalence of polypharmacy at baseline (mean age 85.5) was examined using cut-points of 0, 1, 2–4, 5–9 and ≥10 medicines—so-called ‘no polypharmacy’, ‘monotherapy’, ‘minor polypharmacy’, ‘polypharmacy’ and ‘hyperpolypharmacy.’ Cross-tabulations and upset plots identified the most frequently prescribed medicines and medication combinations within these categories. Mixed-effects models assessed whether gender and socioeconomic position were associated with prescribing changes over time (mean age 85.5–90.5). Participant characteristics were examined through descriptive statistics.

Results
Complex multimorbidity (44.4%, 344/775) was widespread but hyperpolypharmacy was not (16.0%, 135/845). The median medication count was six (interquartile range 4–8). Preventative medicines were common to all polypharmacy categories, and prescribing regimens were diverse. Nitrates and oral anticoagulants were more frequently prescribed for men, whereas bisphosphonates, non-opioid analgesics and antidepressants were more common in women. Cardiovascular medicines, including loop diuretics, tended to be more frequently prescribed for socioeconomically disadvantaged people (<25th centile Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD)), despite no difference in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (p = 0.56) and diabetes (p = 0.92) by IMD.

Conclusion
Considering their complex medical conditions, prescribing is relatively conservative amongst 85-year-olds living in North East England. Prescribing shows significant gender and selected socioeconomic differences. More support for managing preventative medicines, of uncertain benefit, might be helpful in this population.
Dina Salústio e as diferentes formas de representação da mulher na literatura cabo-verdiana
Authors: De Paula Sousa Araujo Francisca , Carine de Sousa Ana , Costa da Conceição Andressa 
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo baseou-se na obra Mornas eram as Noites, da escritora cabo-verdiana Dina Salústio e tem por objetivo realizar diferentes formas de representação da mulher, além de desenvolver uma reflexão à condição feminina, na qual o livro tanto aborda. A autora, por meio de diferentes figuras femininas, analisa e discute o contexto social onde essas mulheres estão inseridas, em que o preconceito, a desigualdade de gênero e a idealização da mulher, são fatores que ainda persistem, fatos evidenciados por Salústio talvez também por esta ser, além de escritora, assistente social e jornalista. Além de evidenciar a continuidade de uma sociedade que ainda se mantém com o pensamento e comportamento patriarcal. Nesse sentido, a temática a ser abordada retrata o modo como muitas mulheres cabo-verdianas vivem na realidade. Buscou-se deixar claro a interpretação das ideias da autora tendo como suportes teóricos para a confecção deste artigo nomes como Salústio (2002), Laranjeira (1992), Tedeschi (2019), dentre outros.
Mulheres negras na contramão do afeto
Authors: Souza Luana Franciele Miranda 
Published: January 2021

Este artigo analisa os impactos do entrecruzamento dos marcadores sociais de raça e gênero nas experiências afeto-subjetivas de mulheres negras do interior da Bahia, a partir das narrativas coletadas em entrevistas para a produção do livro-reportagem Na Contramão do Afeto: histórias e trajetórias afetivas de mulheres negras.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Mulheres Negras. Afetividade. Interseccionalidade.
Avaliação dos níveis de autoestima de mulheres em privação de liberdade
Authors: Cabral Patrícia Pinheiro , Marra Paula Santana , Mota Cecília Amorim de Santana , Mendonça Juliana Chaves de , Silva Antonio Márcio Teodoro Cordeiro , Almeida Rogério José de 
Published: January 2021

Este artigo teve por objetivo mensurar os fatores associados aos níveis de autoestima em mulheres em privação de liberdade. Identificou que as mulheres estudadas apresentam em sua maioria, níveis elevados de autoestima. Os principais fatores foram: a prática de alguma religião, receber visitas dos filhos, ter cuidados pessoais, ser vaidosa, se considerar bonita e estar satisfeita com o próprio corpo.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Autoestima. Privação de liberdade. Saúde mental.
O público e o privado na LDB 4.024/1961: marcos históricos para o financiamento da educação
Authors: Esquinsani Rosimar Serena Siqueira 
Published: January 2021

O artigo encalça o debate educacional brasileiro no contexto dos anos 1950, na intenção de estabelecer marcos para a discussão do financiamento da educação no país. Focaliza o debate entre o público e o privado na educação, no período de elaboração da LDB 4.024/1961, bem como da interpretação dos avanços de ambas as posições no texto da lei quando de sua promulgação. Conduzido por uma metodologia analítico-reconstrutiva, o estudo consolidou-se a partir de pesquisa documental, submetida ao procedimento da análise temática. Expõe os argumentos utilizados no debate pré-LDB entre os privatistas e os defensores da escola pública; exibindo e tratando também as conquistas de ambos os projetos, incorporadas ao corpo da lei. Conclui que: a) tanto o público, quanto o privado foram beneficiados na LDB 4.024/1961, porém b) centrando o debate em pessoas e não em posicionamentos técnicos e/ou intelectuais, desviou-se o foco da questão primaz: a responsabilidade sobre o financiamento da educação.
ANXIETY DISORDERS AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors: Gerasimova Oksana Yurievna , Semchenko Lyubov Nikolaevna 
Published: January 2021

Background: Concerns about the psychological health of students are determined by their lifestyle, specific working conditions, and the role that this social group plays in society. Compensatory mechanisms of students do not always cope with new living conditions and the requirements of higher education, which leads to stress, psychological and social conflicts, as well as to the use of psychoactive substances. Aim. The paper aims to identify the prevalence of anxiety disorders among medical students to develop recommendations for primary and secondary psychological prevention. Materials and methods: the study was conducted throughout the year. The first- and fourth-year students (52.6 % and 47. 4 % respectively) of the medical faculty of the South Ural State Medical University participated in the study (n = 612). The study involved both females (66.8 %) and males (33.2 %). To identify various anxiety disorders, the Yale-Brown Scale, ICD-10 criteria (F41.0 and F41.1), and anonymous survey were used. To assess the reliability of the values obtained, the Student’s t-test was used. Relative values and their representative errors were calculated. Results: anxiety disorders were detected in 65.8 % of first-year students and more than half of fourth-year students. Moreover, anxiety disorders are 1.5 times more common in females than in males. Depressive conditions were found in every fifth student, regardless of the year of study. More than half of first-year students and every third fourth-year student suffer from obsessive-compulsive disorder of varying severity. Severe and extremely severe obsessive-compulsive disorder in first-year students occurs 2 times more often than in fourth-year students. Conclusion: anxiety disorders are widespread among medical students, which requires their primary and secondary prevention. First-year students are particularly affected by adaptation to new living conditions and the requirements of higher education.
ASSESSMENT OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN ADOLESCENTS LIVING IN THE NORTH
Authors: Osin Maksim Vladislavovich , Maltsev Viktor Petrovich , Govorukhina Alena Anatolievna 
Published: January 2021

Background. The function of the central nervous system in adolescents reflects the complex influence of climatic and social conditions, as well as morphofunctional lability characteristic of puberty. Studying the functional state of the central nervous system in adolescents living at high latitudes is important for forming a region-dependent norm of the functional state of the body. Aim. The paper aims to reveal the features of sensorimotor integration as an indicator of the functional state of the central nervous system in 11–14-year-old students living in the North. Materials and methods. 88 schoolchildren from Surgut (46 males and 42 females) aged 11–12 years (1 group, n = 33) and 13–14 years (2 group, n = 55) were examined. Psychophysiological testing was carried out with the help of the NS-Psychotest hardware and software (Neurosoft, Ivanovo). The following methods were used: simple visual and motor reaction, complex visual and motor reaction – choice reaction. Mathematical and statistical processing was carried out in Microsoft Excel and Statistica 10.0. Results. Sex-related differences in neurodynamic data were revealed: average parameters of boys of both groups in comparison with girls are characteristic of a more active and mobile central nervous system. The functional state of the central nervous system in males is higher than that of females in both age groups, though, sensorimotor responses of females are more stable. Age-related improvements in sensorimotor integration were noted due to improved cerebral processing of sensory information by reducing latency time of sensorimotor responses. In males, depending on age, there was a tendency to negative changes in the functional state of the central nervous system. Conclusions. The results obtained describe the average level of activation and a high level of functional mobility of nervous processes in all adolescents. The average level of the functional state of the central nervous system reflects the optimal functional capabilities of the participants, which is the basis for effective psychophysiological adaptation to living conditions and educational activities.
The Relationship Between the Incidence of Stunting and the Frequency and Duration of Diarrhea in Toddler in the Working Area of Kenjeran Health Center in Surabaya
Authors: Arini Diyah , Faradilah Ike 
Published: January 2021

Infectious diseases (diarrhea) that repeatedly cause children’s health to increase in the pattern of children’s appetite which can lead to less nutritional status of children. This study was to analyze the relationship between the incidence of stunting and the frequency and duration of diarrhea in children under five in the Kenjeran Health Center Surabaya Working Area. Analytical research design with cross sectional design in 4 villages in Kenjeran Health Center. Data retrieval is done by questionnaire sheet and observation using microtoise, sample technique uses Sampling Probability by using Stratified Random Sampling as many as 152 children. Data were analyzed using the Spearmen Rho statistical test. The results of research on children under five who experience the incidence of stunting with the frequency and duration of diarrheal disease indicate children who experience stunting and longer frequency. The Rho Spearmen Test showed differences in the incidence of stunting with the frequency of diarrhea p = 0.005 (p<α = 0.05), duration of diarrhea p = 0.003 (p<α = 0.05). The implication of this study is that stunting is related to the frequency and duration of diarrheal diseases, so that posyandu activities can add counseling about children’s health that requires the treatment of diarrhea in children under five in the Kenjeran Health Center Surabaya
Family Function and Misuse of Drug in Adolescents in Indonesia
Authors: Oktriyanto Oktriyanto , Amrullah Hilma , Titisari Anastasia Septya 
Published: January 2021

In Indonesia drug in adolescents shows a number that tends to be high. This phenomenon is certainly an indication that there are character problems in children and adolescents in Indonesia, which certainly cannot be separated from the role of parents. In this case the function of parents and government support is needed in an effort to handle the use of drugs in teenagers in Indonesia. The results showed that the majority of adolescents who used drugs were more in adolescents who had heads of households with low education and had families with a low wealth index, were in whole families, and more in adolescents who lived in rural areas. Teenage boys tend to use drugs more than girls. Teenagers who use drugs have more characteristics of the 20-24 year age group, low education and are not working. The factors that significantly affect the use of drug use among adolescents include socio-cultural functions, place of residence, adolescence, adolescent sex, work status, adolescent access to PIK-R programs, and knowledge of the impact of drugs.