bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival in Young-Onset Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Findings From Cancer and Leukemia Group B (Alliance)/SWOG 80405
Authors: Lipsyc-Sharf Marla , Zhang Sui , Ou Fang-Shu , Ma Chao , McCleary Nadine Jackson , Niedzwiecki Donna , Chang I-Wen , Lenz Heinz-Josef , Blanke Charles D , Piawah Sorbarikor , Van Loon Katherine , Bainter Tiffany M , Venook Alan P , Mayer Robert J , Fuchs Charles S , Innocenti Federico , Nixon Andrew B , Goldberg Richard , O’Reilly Eileen M , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A , Ng Kimmie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of young-onset colorectal cancer (yoCRC) is increasing. It is unknown if there are survival differences between young and older patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).MethodsWe studied the association of age with survival in 2326 mCRC patients enrolled in the Cancer and Leukemia Group B and SWOG 80405 trial, a multicenter, randomized trial of first-line chemotherapy plus biologics. The primary and secondary outcomes of this study were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), respectively, which were assessed by Kaplan-Meier method and compared among younger vs older patients with the log-rank test. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated based on Cox proportional hazards modeling, adjusting for known prognostic variables. All statistical tests were 2-sided.ResultsOf 2326 eligible subjects, 514 (22.1%) were younger than age 50 years at study entry (yoCRC cohort). The median age of yoCRC patients was 44.3 vs 62.5 years in patients aged 50 years and older. There was no statistically significant difference in OS between yoCRC vs older-onset patients (median = 27.07 vs 26.12 months; adjusted HR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.88 to 1.10; P = .78). The median PFS was also similar in yoCRC vs older patients (10.87 vs 10.55 months) with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.02 (95% CI = 0.92 to 1.13; P = .67). Patients younger than age 35 years had the shortest OS with median OS of 21.95 vs 26.12 months in older-onset patients with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.08 (95% CI = 0.81 to 1.44; Ptrend = .93).ConclusionIn this large study of mCRC patients, there were no statistically significant differences in survival between patients with yoCRC and CRC patients aged 50 years and older.
Orbital parameters of the hierarchical triplet system CN Lyn
Authors: Liao WenPing , Qian ShengBang , Li LinJia 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
CN Lyn is an intriguing triplet system that contains three equal-mass components. However, the orbital parameters of this rare triple system are still unknown. By monitoring the system since 2016 October 19, 13 eclipse times have been obtained. We discover that the observed minus calculated (O − C) diagram of CN Lyn shows a cyclical variation with a period of 15.80 (± 0.40) years and a projected semi-major axis of 0.0074 (± 0.0008) days. The orbital properties of the third body are investigated by analysing the light travel time effect. It is found that the third body is orbiting the central binary in an eccentric orbit (e3 ∼ 0.38 (± 0.18)). The orbital inclination is determined to be i3 = 25°, which reveals that the third body is non-coplanar to the orbit of the central eclipsing binary. This is the reason why investigators did not detect a clear periodicity in the radial velocities of the third body. By analysing one low-dispersion spectrum obtained with the 2.16-m telescope in Xinglong station, stellar atmospheric parameters of CN Lyn were derived. It is shown that the system has a low metallicity that is only about 21.5 per cent of the solar metallicity. The rare composition, eccentric orbit, low metallicity, and low orbital inclination of the triplets all indicate that the CN Lyn system can provide valuable information on the formation of multiple star systems, a matter of active research and debate.
Formation and evolution of binary neutron stars: mergers and their host galaxies
Authors: Chu Qingbo , Yu Shenghua , Lu Youjun 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we investigate the properties of binary neutron stars (BNSs) and their mergers by combining population synthesis models for binary stellar evolution (BSE) with cosmological galaxy formation and evolution models. We obtain constraints on BSE model parameters by using the observed Galactic BNSs and local BNS merger rate density (R0) inferred from gravitational wave (GW) observations, and consequently estimate the host galaxy distributions of BNS mergers. We find that the Galactic BNS observations imply efficient energy depletion in the common envelope (CE) phase, a bimodal kick velocity distribution, and low mass ejection during the secondary supernova explosion. However, the inferred R0 does not necessarily require an extremely high CE ejection efficiency and low kick velocities, different from the previous claims, mainly because the latest inferred R0 is narrowed to a lower value ($320_{-240}^{+490}\, \rm Gpc^{-3}\, yr^{-1}$). The BNS merger rate density resulting from the preferred model can be described by R($z$) ∼ R0(1 + $z$)ζ at low redshift ($z$ ≲ 0.5), with R0 ∼ 316–$784\, \rm Gpc^{-3}\, yr^{-1}$ and ζ ∼ 1.34–2.03, respectively. Our results also show that R0 and ζ depend on settings of BSE model parameters, and thus accurate estimates of these parameters by future GW detections will put strong constraints on BSE models. We further estimate that the fractions of BNS mergers hosted in spiral and elliptical galaxies at $z$ ∼ 0 are ∼81–84 and ∼16–19 per cent, respectively. The BNS merger rate per galaxy can be well determined by the host galaxy stellar mass, star formation rate, and metallicity, which provides a guidance in search for most probable candidates of BNS host galaxies.
The boosted potential
Authors: Stücker Jens , Angulo Raul E , Busch Philipp 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The global gravitational potential, ϕ, is not commonly employed in the analysis of cosmological simulations, since its level sets do not show any clear correspondence to the underlying density field and its persistent structures. Here, we show that the potential becomes a locally meaningful quantity when considered from a boosted frame of reference, defined by subtracting a uniform gradient term $\phi _{\rm {boost}}(\boldsymbol{x}) = \phi (\boldsymbol{x}) + \boldsymbol{x} \cdot \boldsymbol{a}_0$ with acceleration $\boldsymbol{a}_0$. We study this ‘boosted potential’ in a variety of scenarios and propose several applications: (1) The boosted potential can be used to define a binding criterion that naturally incorporates the effect of tidal fields. This solves several problems of commonly used self-potential binding checks: (i) it defines a tidal boundary for each halo, (ii) it is much less likely to misidentify caustics as haloes (specially in the context of warm dark matter cosmologies), and (iii) performs better at identifying virialized regions of haloes – yielding to the expected value of 2 for the virial ratio. (2) This binding check can be generalized to filaments and other cosmic structures. (3) The boosted potential facilitates the understanding of the disruption of satellite subhaloes. We propose a picture where most mass loss is explained through a lowering of the escape energy through the tidal field. (4) We discuss the possibility of understanding the topology of the potential field in a way that is independent of constant offsets in the first derivative $\boldsymbol{a}_0$. We foresee that this novel perspective on the potential can help to develop more accurate models and improve our understanding of structure formation.
When did the initial mass function become bottom-heavy?
Authors: Sharda Piyush , Krumholz Mark R 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The characteristic mass that sets the peak of the stellar initial mass function (IMF) is closely linked to the thermodynamic behaviour of interstellar gas, which controls how gas fragments as it collapses under gravity. As the Universe has grown in metal abundance over cosmic time, this thermodynamic behaviour has evolved from a primordial regime dominated by the competition between compressional heating and molecular hydrogen cooling to a modern regime where the dominant process in dense gas is protostellar radiation feedback, transmitted to the gas by dust–gas collisions. In this paper, we map out the primordial-to-modern transition by constructing a model for the thermodynamics of collapsing, dusty gas clouds at a wide range of metallicities. We show the transition from the primordial regime to the modern regime begins at metallicity $Z\sim 10^{-4} \,\rm {Z_\odot }$, passes through an intermediate stage where metal line cooling is dominant at $Z \sim 10^{-3}\, \rm {Z_{\odot }}$, and then transitions to the modern dust- and feedback-dominated regime at $Z\sim 10^{-2}\, \rm {Z_\odot }$. In low pressure environments like the Milky Way, this transition is accompanied by a dramatic change in the characteristic stellar mass, from ${\sim}50\, \rm {M_\odot }$ at $Z \sim 10^{-6}\, \rm {Z_{\odot }}$ to ${\sim}0.3\, \rm {M_\odot }$ once radiation feedback begins to dominate, which marks the appearance of the modern bottom-heavy Milky Way IMF. In the high pressure environments typical of massive elliptical galaxies, the characteristic mass for the modern, dust-dominated regime falls to ${\sim}0.1\, \rm {M_{\odot }}$, thus providing an explanation for the more bottom-heavy IMF observed in these galaxies. We conclude that metallicity is a key driver of variations in the characteristic stellar mass, and by extension, the IMF.
Rejuvenation triggers nuclear activity in nearby galaxies
Authors: Martín-Navarro Ignacio , Shankar Francesco , Mezcua Mar 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Feedback, in particular from active galactic nuclei (AGNs), is believed to play a crucial role in the evolution of galaxies. In the local Universe, many galaxies with an AGN are indeed observed to reside in the so-called green valley, usually interpreted as a transition phase from a blue star-forming to a red quenched state. We use data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey to show that such an interpretation requires substantial revision. Optically selected nearby AGN galaxies follow exponentially declining star formation histories, as normal galaxies of similar stellar and dark matter halo mass, reaching in the recent past (∼0.1 Gyr ago) star formation rate levels consistent with a quiescent population. However, we find that local AGN galaxies have experienced a sudden increase in their star formation rate, unfolding on time-scales similar to those typical of AGN activity, suggesting that both star formation and AGN activity were triggered simultaneously. We find that this quenching followed by an enhancement in the star formation rate is common to AGN galaxies and more pronounced in early-type galaxies. Our results demonstrate that local AGN galaxies are not just a simple transition type between star-forming and quiescent galaxies as previously postulated.
Adenovirus prevents dsRNA formation by promoting efficient splicing of viral RNA
Authors: Price Alexander M , Steinbock Robert T , Di Chao , Hayer Katharina E , Li Yize , Herrmann Christin , Parenti Nicholas A , Whelan Jillian N , Weiss Susan R , Weitzman Matthew D 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Eukaryotic cells recognize intracellular pathogens through pattern recognition receptors, including sensors of aberrant nucleic acid structures. Sensors of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) are known to detect replication intermediates of RNA viruses. It has long been suggested that annealing of mRNA from symmetrical transcription of both top and bottom strands of DNA virus genomes can produce dsRNA during infection. Supporting this hypothesis, nearly all DNA viruses encode inhibitors of dsRNA-recognition pathways. However, direct evidence that DNA viruses produce dsRNA is lacking. Contrary to dogma, we show that the nuclear-replicating DNA virus adenovirus (AdV) does not produce detectable levels of dsRNA during infection. In contrast, abundant dsRNA is detected within the nucleus of cells infected with AdV mutants defective for viral RNA processing. In the presence of nuclear dsRNA, the cytoplasmic dsRNA sensor PKR is relocalized and activated within the nucleus. Accumulation of viral dsRNA occurs in the late phase of infection, when unspliced viral transcripts form intron/exon base pairs between top and bottom strand transcripts. We propose that DNA viruses actively limit dsRNA formation by promoting efficient splicing and mRNA processing, thus avoiding detection and restriction by host innate immune sensors of pathogenic nucleic acids.
THUMPD3–TRMT112 is a m2G methyltransferase working on a broad range of tRNA substrates
Authors: Yang Wen-Qing , Xiong Qing-Ping , Ge Jian-Yang , Li Hao , Zhu Wen-Yu , Nie Yan , Lin Xiuying , Lv Daizhu , Li Jing , Lin Huan , Liu Ru-Juan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPost-transcriptional modifications affect tRNA biology and are closely associated with human diseases. However, progress on the functional analysis of tRNA modifications in metazoans has been slow because of the difficulty in identifying modifying enzymes. For example, the biogenesis and function of the prevalent N2-methylguanosine (m2G) at the sixth position of tRNAs in eukaryotes has long remained enigmatic. Herein, using a reverse genetics approach coupled with RNA-mass spectrometry, we identified that THUMP domain-containing protein 3 (THUMPD3) is responsible for tRNA: m2G6 formation in human cells. However, THUMPD3 alone could not modify tRNAs. Instead, multifunctional methyltransferase subunit TRM112-like protein (TRMT112) interacts with THUMPD3 to activate its methyltransferase activity. In the in vitro enzymatic assay system, THUMPD3–TRMT112 could methylate all the 26 tested G6-containing human cytoplasmic tRNAs by recognizing the characteristic 3′-CCA of mature tRNAs. We also showed that m2G7 of tRNATrp was introduced by THUMPD3–TRMT112. Furthermore, THUMPD3 is widely expressed in mouse tissues, with an extremely high level in the testis. THUMPD3-knockout cells exhibited impaired global protein synthesis and reduced growth. Our data highlight the significance of the tRNA: m2G6/7 modification and pave a way for further studies of the role of m2G in sperm tRNA derived fragments.
Gemcitabine radiosensitization primes irradiated malignant meningioma cells for senolytic elimination by navitoclax
Authors: Yamamoto Masahiro , Sanomachi Tomomi , Suzuki Shuhei , Togashi Keita , Sugai Asuka , Seino Shizuka , Sato Atsushi , Okada Masashi , Kitanaka Chifumi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Malignant meningioma is an aggressive tumor that requires adjuvant radiotherapy after surgery, yet there has been no standard systemic therapy established so far. We recently reported that malignant meningioma cells are highly sensitive to gemcitabine; however, it remains unknown whether or how gemcitabine interacts with ionizing radiation (IR) in malignant meningioma cells.

Methods
We examined the radiosensitization effects of gemcitabine using malignant meningioma cell lines and xenografts and explored the underlying mechanisms.

Results
Gemcitabine sensitized malignant meningioma cells to IR through the induction of senescence both in vitro and in vivo. Gemcitabine augmented the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by IR, which, together with cell growth suppression/senescence induced by this combination, was inhibited by N-acetyl-cysteine, suggesting a pivotal role for ROS in these combinatorial effects. Navitoclax, a senolytic drug that inhibits Bcl-2 proteins, further enhanced the effects of the combination of gemcitabine and IR by strongly inducing apoptotic cell death in senescent cells.

Conclusion
These results not only indicate the potential of gemcitabine as a candidate radiosensitizer for malignant meningioma, but also reveal a novel role for gemcitabine radiosensitization as a means to create a therapeutic vulnerability of senescent meningioma cells to senolytics.
Multisite Transcutaneous Spinal Stimulation for Walking and Autonomic Recovery in Motor-Incomplete Tetraplegia: A Single-Subject Design
Authors: Samejima Soshi , Caskey Charlotte D , Inanici Fatma , Shrivastav Siddhi R , Brighton Lorie N , Pradarelli Jared , Martinez Vincente , Steele Katherine M , Saigal Rajiv , Moritz Chet T 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective
This study investigated the effect of cervical and lumbar transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) combined with intensive training to improve walking and autonomic function after chronic spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods
Two 64-year-old men with chronic motor incomplete cervical SCI participated in this single-subject design study. They each underwent 2 months of intensive locomotor training and 2 months of multisite cervical and lumbosacral tSCS paired with intensive locomotor training.

Results
The improvement in 6-Minute Walk Test distance after 2 months of tSCS with intensive training was threefold greater than after locomotor training alone. Both participants improved balance ability measured by the Berg Balance Scale and increased their ability to engage in daily home exercises. Gait analysis demonstrated increased step length for each individual. Both participants experienced improved sensation and bowel function, and 1 participant eliminated the need for intermittent catheterization after the stimulation phase of the study.

Conclusion
These results suggest that noninvasive spinal cord stimulation might promote recovery of locomotor and autonomic functions beyond traditional gait training in people with chronic incomplete cervical SCI.

Impact
Multisite transcutaneous spinal stimulation may induce neuroplasticity of the spinal networks and confer functional benefits following chronic cervical SCI.
Tapentadol effects on brain response to pain in sensitized patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Pujol Jesus , Martínez-Vilavella Gerard , Doreste Andrea , Blanco-Hinojo Laura , Ojeda Fabiola , Llorente-Onaindia Jone , Polino Luciano , Deus Joan , Monfort Jordi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective
Pain sensitization, in the form of knee tenderness and anatomically spread hyperalgesia, is notably common in patients with knee OA and is often refractory to conventional interventions. Tapentadol, as an opioid receptor agonist and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, has been proposed as a potentially effective symptomatic treatment for pain-sensitized OA patients. We empirically tested whether tapentadol could attenuate brain response to painful stimulation on the tender knee using functional MRI.

Methods
Painful pressure stimulation was applied to the articular interline and the tibial surface, a commonly sensitized site surrounding the joint. Thirty patients completed the crossover trial designed to compare prolonged release tapentadol and placebo effects administered over 14 days.

Results
We found no effects in the direction of the prediction. Instead, patients administered with tapentadol showed stronger activation in response to pressure on the tender site in the right prefrontal cortex and somatosensory cortices. The somatosensory effect was compatible with the spread of neural activation around the knee cortical representation. Consistent with the functional MRI findings, the patients showed higher clinical ratings of pain sensitization under tapentadol and a significant positive association was identified between the number of tapentadol tablets and the evoked subjective pain.

Conclusion
The tapentadol effect paradoxically involved both the spread of the somatosensory cortex response and a stronger activation in prefrontal areas with a recognized role in the appraisal of pain sensations. Further studies are warranted to explore how OA patients may benefit from powerful analgesic drugs without the associated risks of prolonged use.

Trial registration
EudraCT, https://eudract.ema.europa.eu, 2016–005082-31.
The Innovation Superclusters Initiative in Canada: A new policy strategy?
Authors: Doloreux David , Frigon Anthony 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe supercluster is a new initiative promoted by the Canadian federal government to strengthen Canada’s most promising clusters and allow innovative firms to operate more productively in sourcing inputs and accessing information, knowledge, and technology. This paper contributes to the scientific research on superclusters and pursues two objectives. First, we discuss the origins of the supercluster initiative and trace its roots back to major research traditions on regional agglomerations and territorial innovation models, in particular the cluster theory, the regional innovation system, and the entrepreneurial ecosystem approaches. Second, we conduct a critical analysis and identify four critical questions (or challenges) that need to be addressed to clarify the scope and objectives of the policy.
How the COVID-19 Pandemic Can and Must Expand Social Worker e-Interventions for Mental Health, Family Wellness, and Beyond
Authors: King Erika L , Spencer Chelsea M , Meeks Colleen A 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBoth media and academic reports have highlighted COVID-19’s negative impacts on mental health and safety in the United States, yet care and service gaps persist. Evidence suggests that a default to in-person service delivery did not meet clients’ needs before the pandemic, and that unmet needs have ballooned since COVID-19 spread throughout the United States due to a combination of increased stress, social isolation, and fewer available services during lockdowns. This article reviews literature on online interventions’ utility and effectiveness in preventing and treating problems likely exacerbated under pandemic conditions, including mental health conditions, anger, couple dynamics, parenting, and alcohol misuse. The article also describes barriers to evidence-based e-interventions’ wider and more consistent use, highlights some vulnerable populations’ unique service needs, outlines service gaps that online programs might effectively mitigate, and offers a path by which social workers can lead an interdisciplinary charge in researching, developing, and implementing e-interventions during the current pandemic and beyond.
Winter Rye Cover Cropping Changes Squash (Cucurbita pepo) Phyllosphere Microbiota and Reduces Pseudomonas syringae Symptoms
Authors: Maglione Rémi , Ciotola Marie , Cadieux Mélanie , Toussaint Vicky , Laforest Martin , Kembel Steven W. 
Published: October 2021

Cover cropping is a soil conservation practice that may reduce the impacts of the economically important pathogen Pseudomonas syringae on crops, including squash (Cucurbita pepo). To date, no studies have directly quantified the effect of rye cover crops on P. syringae populations or on the bacterial community of squash leaves. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that the protective effects of cover cropping on squash may be mediated by cover cropping effects on the plant’s microbiota that, in turn, protect against P. syringae. Using combined 16S sequencing and culture-based approaches, we showed that rye cover cropping protects squash against P. syringae, by decreasing pathogen population size on squash leaves and increasing fruit health and marketability at harvest. We also found evidence of a strong effect of rye cover crops on bacterial communities of the squash phyllosphere. Those findings were more striking early in the growing season. Finally, we identified numerous phyllosphere bacteria belonging to the genera Sphingomonas, Methylobacterium, and Pseudomonas that were promoted by rye cover crops. Overall, our findings suggest that cover cropping is effective for the sustainable management of P. syringae on squash and may provide a reservoir of potential microbial biocontrol agents colonizing the phyllosphere. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .