bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of 3 mL versus 5 mL Discarded Volume for Blood Sampling from Central Venous Access Device
Authors: Lalthanthuami HT , Kumari MJ , Venkateswaran R , Lakshmi PR , Ramamoorthy Lakshmi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Central venous access devices (CVAD) are an essential part of safe practices in critical care, which enable effective venous access and help in avoiding repeated venipuncture. Discard method is widely practiced for blood sampling. A single occasion of blood sampling may cause minimal blood loss; however, the cumulative volume sequential sampling may become clinically signiﬁcant. The study aims to reduce diagnostic blood loss, ensuring that the subsequent blood sample is not diluted or contaminated by residual intraluminal ﬂuid.
Patients and Methods Within-subjects comparative design was adopted for 64 adult patients in the medical intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital. Two blood samples, using 3 mL and 5 mL discarded volume methods, were collected from each patient. Six serum parameters were measured on each of the paired samples and compared.
Statistical Analysis Used Paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used for comparing the two methods. Bland–Altman plot analysis and intraclass correlation were used for clinically meaningful analysis.
Results When tested for fixed bias, there is no statistically significant difference between the methods. Potassium and creatinine levels showed significant proportional bias. The agreement limits of sodium, potassium, creatinine, and direct bilirubin were outside the clinically accepted interval, but the proportion of samples outside these intervals was less than 10%. All serum parameters showed excellent reliability, except for sodium which demonstrated good reliability.
Conclusions The practice of discarding 3 mL of blood for discard method is suggested, instead of the standard 5 mL to reduce iatrogenic blood loss. Thus, nurses in critical care are uniquely positioned to limit the diagnostic blood loss while obtaining blood samples.
Chemical and genetic rescue of in vivo progranulin-deficient lysosomal and autophagic defects.
Authors: Doyle James J. , Maios Claudia , Vrancx Céline , Duhaime Sarah , Chitramuthu Babykumari , Bennett Hugh P. J. , Bateman Andrew , Parker J. Alex 
Published: June 2021

SignificanceUncovering the genetic and cellular mechanisms of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) may lead to new therapeutic strategies. Mutations in theGRNgene are linked to FTD; the underlying cellular mechanisms are still unknown, but current research points to lysosomal dysfunction. Using the model organismCaenorhabditis elegans, we found a link betweenpgrn-1/GRNmutations, and sphingolipid metabolism and autophagy. We further identified small molecules that attenuated severalpgrn-1/GRNphenotypes in vivo. These results offer sphingolipid metabolism as a potential mechanism contributing to FTD pathogenesis and suggest that efforts to restore sphingolipid homeostasis may be a beneficial therapeutic approach.
High-resolution multicontrast tomography with an X-ray microarray anode–structured target source
Authors: Zan Guibin , Gul Sheraz , Zhang Jin , Zhao Wei , Lewis Sylvia , Vine David J. , Liu Yijin , Pianetta Piero , Yun Wenbing 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Talbot–Lau interferometry (TLI) holds remarkable potential for multicontrast X-ray imaging but suffers from technical challenges associated with microfabrication and limited efficiency. We tackle the frontier challenges in this field by developing a microarray anode–structured target source with a built-in structured illumination scheme. Our development facilitates high-resolution and high-sensitivity TLI imaging without the absorption source grating. We demonstrate the tri-contrast tomography capability with a Drum fish tooth specimen and separate the biological features with different combinations of physical properties. Our approach not only addresses the long-standing challenges in the field of X-ray TLI phase-contrast imaging but also features a compact setup that can potentially be made broadly available to academia research and industrial applications.
Efficient empirical determination of maximum permissible error in coordinate metrology
Authors: Thompson Adam , Southon Nicholas , Fern Florian , Stupfler Gilles , Leach Richard 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Maximum permissible errors (MPEs) are an important measurement system specification and form the basis of periodic verification of a measurement system’s performance. However, there is no standard methodology for determining MPEs, so when they are not provided, or not suitable for the measurement procedure performed, it is unclear how to generate an appropriate value with which to verify the system. Whilst a simple approach might be to take many measurements of a calibrated artefact and then use the maximum observed error as the MPE, this method requires a large number of repeat measurements for high confidence in the calculated MPE. Here, we present a statistical method of MPE determination, capable of providing MPEs with high confidence and minimum data collection. The method is presented with 1000 synthetic experiments and is shown to determine an overestimated MPE within 10% of an analytically true value in 99.2% of experiments, while underestimating the MPE with respect to the analytically true value in 0.8% of experiments (overestimating the value, on average, by 1.24%). The method is then applied to a real test case (probing form error for a commercial fringe projection system), where the efficiently determined MPE is overestimated by 0.3% with respect to an MPE determined using an arbitrarily chosen large number of measurements.
Geotechnical engineering and alternative aggregates, tailings
Authors: Vaníček Ivan , Herza Jiří 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Originally geotechnical engineering is connected with ground with rock and soil environment, focused on geotechnical structures which are in interaction with ground, and therefore we often speak about construction on, with or in ground. However, during last decades, especially with increasing focus on environment protection, geotechnical engineering is dealing also with other materials, denoted as alternative aggregates. They are mostly a byproduct of mining or industrial activities for which a method of future use is being sought. Typical examples are fly ash, construction and demolition waste, slag and different tails from chemical treatment of target ores which have similar character as natural soil and are produced in large volumes. Therefore, there is legitimate question about their possible use in earth structures, preferably of transport engineering. If external circumstances (e.g. distance of origin from the place of use) are favourable, geotechnical engineering is focused on two basic aspects - on possible negative impact on environment due the chemical composition of leachate or on structural stability. If there is no opportunity for their further use we have to guarantee safe deposition. In this case we are speaking about earth structures of environmental engineering as tailing dams, spoil heaps, landfills and are responsible for their safety. The paper is therefore focused on three main problems: Utilization of alternative aggregates (e.g. large volume waste) in transport engineering; Problems of earth structures of environmental engineering, where large volume waste is stored, as e.g. tailing dams and Structural collapse of tails studied in micro scale in laboratory.
Experience in application of drilled injection piles for building and structure strengthening
Authors: Salnyi I S , Pronozin Yu A , Naumkina Ju V , Karaulov A M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the experience of building and structure strengthening in Tyumen soil conditions which are often presented by a soft water saturated clay and sand layer of the quaternary period. All buildings mentioned in the paper had uneven settlements due to complex engineering and geological conditions and the wrong choice of foundation type. Thin drilled injection piles with a diameter of 200 mm were used for foundation strengthening. All the piles were installed on the solid soil base during the drilling process regardless of the depth of its location. No rules have so far been approved to calculate the bearing capacity of thin drilled injection piles. That was the reason for defining the drilled injection pile bearing capacity at every facility. The paper describes the methods and test results obtained in the study. It was found out that all piles had unexpectedly high bearing capacity. The paper also contains the results of geotechnical monitoring before and after base building strengthening by drilled injection piles which show the current decrease of settlements and the efficiency of this base strengthening method.
Comparative analysis of the dynamic stability of a multistorey building with different base arrangements
Authors: Sobolev E S , Berezin E K , Kechina T V 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The article presents the results of studies by the numerical method of pile and slab foundation with a reinforced base by the method of deep soil mixing (DSM) under the influence of seismic loads using the LIRA-SAPR software package, which implements the finite element method. The parameters of the computer model are presented, which make it possible to obtain the calculation results. A comparative analysis of the calculation results is carried out. In the course of the study, it was revealed that the use of a slab foundation with a reinforced base by the deep soil mixing method (DSM) is more effective than a pile foundation under seismic loads.
Geomonitoring of structural safety of unique underground sewage facilities operating for a long term in difficult soil and anthropogenic conditions of the megacity
Authors: Perminov N A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Anthropogenic and dynamic impacts on facilities of underground urban infrastructure increase at intensive development of megacities. The unique long-operating underground structures of sewage system require special protection against anthropogenic influence as their wear degree in difficult soil conditions reaches 70% and more. Therefore, providing structural (mechanical) safety of underground structures of excessive level of danger and responsibility defines sustainable operation and future development of geotechnical infrastructure of the megacity in general. Long-term studying dynamics of changes of technical state of underground sewage structures of the megacity, long operating (for more than 70 years) in soft soils, allowed establishing regularities of influence of intensive anthropogenic and dynamic impacts on this process. For the first time, based on developed continuous models of defective structures potentially dangerous sections have been identified, they are subjected to manifestation of critical failures; ways of their correction are presented. Numerical simulation has defined borders of defectless joint operation of the system “target area – geobulk – underground structure”. Scientific substantiation of boundaries of areas with potentially dangerous sections of underground sewage facilities with account of external anthropogenic and dynamic impacts constitutes the basis for elaborating regulations on safe development of geotechnical infrastructure of the historical area of St. Petersburg. The proposed methods of monitoring and protection of geotechnical infrastructure have been successfully used for many years by St. Petersburg Vodokanal in areas of influence of anthropogenic factors and objects under construction on underground structures, they ensure an optimal combination of sustainable operation and development of geotechnical infrastructures of megacities.
Comparative analysis of calculation methods seismic impact and influence of methods on the safety factor for hydraulic structures
Authors: Ter-Martirosyan A Z , Sergeev S A , Anzhelo G O , Ermoshina L Y , Almakaeva A S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Rasskazov L.N., Bestuzheva A.S., Sainov M.P., CHernysh A.S., Francesco Castelli and many others were engaged in studies of the stability of slopes under seismic impact. The paper considers numerical methods for assessing the seismic stability of embankment dams in a flat and three-dimensional problems in two ways: a direct dynamic method and a pseudo-static method. Several simulation cases are considered in a flat problem on a test problem using soil properties taken from a real site of an operating hydroelectric power plant. During the simulation, the following main simulation cases were considered: the natural stability; calculation without static components; calculation with static components; impact of free vibrations; calculation with full accelerogram; calculation with static deformation properties of soils; calculation with dynamic deformation properties of soils; calculation with undrained strength of soils; pseudostatic method. The analysis of the results showed that the calculation of the seismic stability of an embankment dam by the direct dynamic method gives the results that are closest to reality, in contrast to the pseudo-static calculation method.
Influence of the enclosing structure of a trench-type wall in the ground on the heeling of a high-rise building on a raft foundation
Authors: Znamenskii V V , Ganbold A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article presents the results of studying the influence of the enclosing structure of the pit, made according to the technology of the reinforced concrete wall in the ground of the trench type, on the heeling of a high-rise building on a raft foundation. The study was performed using the numerical method with the PLAXIS 2D software package. The influence of the wall in the ground on the building roll was determined depending on the distance from the wall in the ground to the edge of the raft foundation of the building, the embedding depth of the wall in the ground below the bottom of the excavation and the characteristics of the contact element. The degree of influence of each of these factors on the heeling of the raft foundation was determined by the factor analysis based on the theory of experimental planning. The mosaics of deformations of the soil massif at the base of the raft foundation are given, as well as graphs of the dependence of the change in heeling for the considered factors of influence. According to the study results, the boundaries of the significant influence of each of the factors considered, as well as the walls in the ground as a whole on the heel of the building are determined. The issues are discussed on applications of the study results to reduce the heeling of high-rise buildings at the design stage.
Numerical analysis and geomonitoring of behaviour of foundation of Abu-Dhabi Plaza in Nur-Sultan
Authors: Buranbayeva A M , Zh Zhussupbekov A , Omarov A R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In similarity to every civilization in history originated from the riverside, the city of Nur-Sultan, which the new capital of Kazakhstan developed around the Ishim River. During the last 25 years, many high-rise buildings supported by pile foundations are rising in Nur-Sultan. The paper presents the monitoring of development for the unique residential building of 310 m high with 4-story underground parking. The pile raft foundation (for block R) analyses had designed using Geocthenical soft, which can assess in precise of the deformations, occurs in soil. In the paper presidents, method monitoring raft foundations for block R, the height of this block R is 320 meters. Design of distributed fibre optic strain sensing system (DFOSS) has been employed for measuring the strain in civil engineering structures for over a decade. It is now harnessed worldwide for monitoring a wide range of structures slab pile foundation. Geotechnical monitoring data of adjacent building and utility systems settlement caused by the construction of presented high-rise buildings were compared to numerical modelling results, predicted, and permissible values.
Finally, the raft foundation recommended for future high-rise buildings constructed of Nur-Sultan city on complex soils.
Influence of soil thermophysical properties on the flow of thermal energy taken by the energy pile
Authors: Zakharov A V , Ovchinnikov N M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The depletion of traditional fossil energy sources leads to an increasing development of non-traditional energy sources. One of the promising directions of alternative energy is the use of low-potential energy of the soil for heating buildings and structures for various purposes. Heat extraction is possible through the use of energy foundation. However, their rational design is impossible without a careful assessment of a large number of factors that affect the potential value of thermal energy extracted from the soil. The purpose of this work was to build a whole methodology to assess the degree of influence of soil thermophysical properties, in particular, such as heat capacity and thermal conductivity, on the amount of heat energy selected energy pile. The formulation and analysis of the numerical experiment to identify the desired dependencies. The matrix of experiment planning is made. The numerical simulation of the energy pile of different geometric parameters in different soil conditions is performed. Statistical processing of the obtained experimental data was carried out. A quadratic regression equation was developed to determine the amount of heat through the side surface of the pile depending on the length of the pile, its diameter, heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the soil. The analysis of this equation for the purpose of estimation of degree of influence of initial thermophysical parameters of soil on value of thermal energy of the selected pile is carried out.
Vibrations of a viscoelastic isotropic plate under periodic load without considering the tangential forces of inertia
Authors: Abdikarimov R , Vatin N , Normuminov B , Khodzhaev D 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA mathematical model of the problem of viscoelastic isotropic plate vibrations based on the Kirchhoff-Love hypothesis in a geometrically nonlinear formulation was presented. The mathematical model was built without considering the tangential forces of inertia. To describe the viscoelastic properties of the plate material, a weakly singular Koltunov-Rzhanitsyn kernel with three different rheological parameters was chosen. To solve the problem of parametric vibrations of a viscoelastic plate with a weakly singular relaxation kernel, a numerical method based on the use of quadrature formulas was applied. A discrete model of this problem was first constructed using the Bubnov-Galerkin method; i.e., a system of integro-differential equations with variable coefficients was obtained, and then, using a numerical method based on the elimination of a singularity of the kernel, the problem of parametric vibrations of viscoelastic rectangular plates was solved. The influence of the viscoelastic properties of the material and the variability of the plate thickness on the oscillatory process was shown.
Analysis of horizontal pile displacement caused by pit excavation
Authors: Mangushev R A , Kolesnik D S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the case of thick soft and unstructured soils, pit excavation causes 20-75% of pile heads to have higher-than-normal horizontal displacements. The paper presents the results of statistical analysis for 9865 piles installed in pile fields at 17 construction sites in St. Petersburg, Perm, and Volgograd. We note that the distribution of frequencies of horizontal pile displacements follows a normal law. During the analysis, we identified the main factors affecting pile displacement: the time when a pile is in the slope, the properties of the cut soils, their tendency to softening, the excavation scheme, and the availability of pile head anchorage. The paper justifies the effectiveness of pit excavation in work zones of up to two meters deep with changes in the direction of machinery movement. We provide recommendations for raft design and analysis with account for possible displacement of pile heads.
Influence of permafrost degradation on piles bearing capacity
Authors: Nikiforova N S , Konnov A V 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The permafrost zone is one of the main natural systems in the Russian Federation that are exposed to global warming. The temperature of permafrost soils changes, the seasonal thaw zone increases, the process of permafrost degradation is started, influencing the strength properties of the soils. The study sought to assess climate change in terms of the impact on the bearing capacity of the soil under buildings and structures built in the 1960s and 1980s on the principle of maintaining the permafrost condition of soils. On the basis of published archival and forecast data on the increase rate in the active layer thickness and the rising trends in the temperature of permafrost soils for four geographical regions of Russia (North of the European part, North of Western Siberia, Middle Siberia, Yakutia) a reduction in the bearing capacity of the standard reinforced concrete pile was determined (35x35 cm section, 10 m long). The study showed that, for most regions, the reduction in the bearing capacity of the pile is currently on average level (10-20 %). However a high (>30%) decrease is expected by 2050.
Investigation of operation of newly designed anchor pile
Authors: Kostina O V , Bochkareva T M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The article describes design of a pile with new rotary anchors for foundations of buildings operating on variable loads or on heaving soils. The results of plate load tests on piles’ pressing in with one- and two anchor levels are presented. Based on calculations on bearing capacity of piles of proposed design, the adequacy of data on determination of its bearing capacity obtained by experimental method is calculated. Bearing capacity of anchor piles for pulling out is determined by calculations. Anchors located at one level at the height of pile increase its bearing capacity for pressing in by 20%, and increase it for pulling out by 94%. Anchors located at two levels at the height of pile increase bearing capacity of pile for pressing in by 60%, and increase bearing capacity for pulling out by three times. A decrease in the settlement of pile of proposed design is determined by the results of plate load tests on pressing in and it amounts to 85% for a pile with one-level anchors and to 94% for a pile with two-level anchors.
Research horizontally loaded pyramidal piles with compacted bottom and their calculation
Authors: Gotman A L , Krutyaev S A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The results of experimental and theoretical research in work features of a rammed pyramidal pile with compacted bottom for horizontal load in clayey soils are presented. The experimental cast-in situ pyramidal piles with compacted bottom were made at 2 experimental sites, composed of clayey soils. Static horizontal load tests were carried out. At each stage of loading, horizontal displacements were measured at the load application level and at a height of one meter from the top edge of the pile. The “horizontal load - pile head displacement” dependencies were obtained. It was found that the rotation of the pile in the soil occurs without bending, i.e. according to a rigid scheme, and also that compacted bottom prevents horizontal displacement of the pile bottom. Based on the analysis of the results of static tests of piles, a design scheme has been created, in which the pile is considered as a rigid rod buried in a multilayer linearly deformable base with a point of zero displacements at the lower end of the pile. In accordance with the design scheme, an analytical method for calculating a pyramidal pile with compacted bottom for horizontal load and bending moment has been developed. The calculation method allows to determine the horizontal displacement of the pile head in any section along the depth, the angle of rotation of the pile, bending moment and shear force along the length of the pile.