bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient Outcomes After Unsuccessful Endoscopic Sialolith Extraction
Authors: Zheng Kevin Tiankai , de Paiva Leite Sandro , Yeom Brian William , Hardcastle Tim , Ahmad Zahoor , Morton Randall P 
Published: November 2021

Objective/HypothesisTo evaluate clinical outcomes following failed endoscopic extraction of salivary calculi and to assess any relation between clinical outcome and calculi location, number, size, and mobility. If sialendoscopy fails to extract the calculus, subsequent spontaneous passage of the calculus out of the ductoglandular system or secondary effects of sialendoscopy could mitigate the clinical impact of a residual sialolithiasis.Study DesignProspective observational study.MethodsProspective comparative study of endoscopic procedures for sialolithiasis performed in the Manukau Surgery Center, in Auckland, New Zealand, from 2010 to 2020. The recurrent symptoms and the variables related to the need for additional surgical intervention for salivary calculi were analyzed.ResultsAmong the 465 sialendoscopy procedures, 154 (33.1%) were for obstructive sialolithiasis. Among these, there were 30 (19.4%) with unsuccessful stone extraction with re‐operation for these failures performed in 14 of the 27 failed submandibular cases (52%) and 2 of the 3 parotids (66.7%). Location of calculi was a significant factor in predicting the need of further surgery. Patients with perihilar stones were 5 times more likely to have a failed procedure (P = .001). If the stone was intraglandular, the likelihood increased to 8.5 times (P = .005). The likelihood for a revision procedure increased almost 11 times if the stone was intraglandular (P = .004). Calculi size, mobility, multiple calculi, and presence of concurrent stenosis did not correlate with need for further surgery.ConclusionsA significant proportion of “failed” sialendoscopy did not require further intervention. Stone location was a significant factor in predicting a failed procedure and the need for re‐intervention. Laryngoscope, 132:1029–1033, 2022
Comparison of Survival of Patients With T1‐2cN0 Oropharyngeal Cancer Treated With or Without Elective Neck Dissection
Authors: Zeng Xuelan , Peng Liang , Wen Weiping , Sun Wei 
Published: November 2021

Objectives/HypothesisThis study aimed to examine the prognostic value of elective neck dissection (END) in T1‐2 clinical negative cervical lymph node (cN0) oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) patients.Study DesignAn observational retrospective study.MethodsThis retrospective study included 845 patients diagnosed with T1‐2 cN0 OPC during 2010–2015 from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression models were used to evaluate the prognostic roles of END. Furthermore, propensity score matching was used to balance the covariates between the END and observation (OBS) groups, and subgroup analyses were conducted in the matched cohorts. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS).ResultsOur study showed that END was an independent prognostic factor associated with a better 3‐year OS compared with OBS in human papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive cohort (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.464; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.235–0.916; P = .027). However, we found no prognostic value of END in HPV‐negative cohort (adjusted HR, 0.837; 95% CI, 0.535–1.310; P = .435). In the subgroup analyses, we found that younger patients (≤65 years old) and patients with nontonsillar tumors in HPV‐positive cohort were more likely to benefit from END, while patients with tonsillar tumors in HPV‐negative cohort may benefit from END.ConclusionsWe found that patients with HPV‐positive T1‐2 cN0 OPC could benefit from END in terms of OS, especially younger patients and those with nontonsillar tumors. Patients with HPV‐negative T1‐2 cN0 OPC could not benefit from END in terms of OS, while those with tonsillar tumors may benefit from END.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:1205–1212, 2022
Scallop shells as geochemical archives of phytoplankton‐related ecological processes in a temperate coastal ecosystem
Authors: Thébault Julien , Jolivet Aurélie , Waeles Matthieu , Tabouret Hélène , Sabarot Sophie , Pécheyran Christophe , Leynaert Aude , Jochum Klaus Peter , Schöne Bernd R. , Fröhlich Lukas , Siebert Valentin , Amice Erwan , Chauvaud Laurent 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPhytoplankton dynamics in coastal ecosystems is increasingly altered by land‐based human activities. Yet, this global vision conceals major disparities, among sites and through time. As conventional monitoring time series are quite sparse and relatively short, biological records of environmental variability appear as relevant tools to gain insights into phytoplankton dynamics over larger temporal and spatial scales. Here, we present results of an interdisciplinary project dealing with chemical information archived in shells of Pecten maximus (Bivalvia; Pectinidae), known to form daily growth striae on its shell surface. Several individuals were collected in the Bay of Brest (France) in 2011 and 2012, and analyzed for the molybdenum and lithium concentrations in their soft tissues and the element‐to‐calcium ratios (Mo : Ca and Li : Ca) in their calcitic striae. All shells revealed high synchrony and reproducibility in their Mo : Ca and Li : Ca profiles, characterized with a major peak at the end of May and in mid‐June 2011, respectively. Detailed analysis of physical, chemical, and biological variables measured in seawater during an extensive 9‐month environmental survey enabled a meticulous description of phytoplankton dynamics in 2011 and its impact on shell geochemistry. Main findings strongly suggest that (1) the timing of Mo : Ca peaks reflects the occurrence of silicon limitation and diatom aggregation periods, (2) the height of these peaks relates to the amplitude of the first spring diatom bloom, and (3) Li : Ca serves as a proxy for the temporal dynamics of diatom biovolume and of biogenic silica recycling at the sediment–water interface.
UV‐Shielding Performance and Color of Lignin and its Application to Sunscreen
Authors: Li Yarong , Zhao Siyu , Song Xueping , Cao Danyu , Li Kai , Hassanpour Morteza , Zhang Zhanying 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe balance between sunscreen performance and color is a main obstacle in the preparation of high‐quality lignin‐based sunscreens. In this study, five lignin samples (i.e., NaOH–L, EG–L, G–L, 1,3‐PDO–L, and 1,4‐BDO–L) are extracted from sugarcane bagasse by using five different solvent systems. The lignin extracted by organic solvents clearly shows light color and excellent UV‐shielding performance, and the 1,3‐PDO–L sample reveals the lowest total color difference (ΔE is 30.4) and highest sun protection factor (SPF 3.99) among the samples obtained. The SPF of commercial facial creams significantly increases after addition of 5 wt% lignin samples, and the colors of these creams are lighter than that of 10 wt% lignin‐modified cream samples. Moreover, the lignin‐modified creams exhibit excellent broad‐spectrum UV absorbency. The synergistic effects of lignin and the active substances of commercial sunscreen dramatically enhance the UV shielding effect of the commercial sunscreen. The aging test confirms that the lignin‐based sunscreens have good photostability. This study provides a reliable reference for the development of lignin‐based sunscreens and high‐value utilization of lignin.
Practical computation of the diffusion MRI signal based on Laplace eigenfunctions: permeable interfaces
Authors: Agdestein Syver Døving , Tran Try Nguyen , Li Jing‐Rebecca 
Published: November 2021

The complex transverse water proton magnetization subject to diffusion‐encoding magnetic field gradient pulses in a heterogeneous medium such as brain tissue can be modeled by the Bloch‐Torrey partial differential equation. The spatial integral of the solution of this equation in realistic geometry provides a gold‐standard reference model for the diffusion MRI signal arising from different tissue micro‐structures of interest.A closed form representation of this reference diffusion MRI signal, called matrix formalism, which makes explicit the link between the Laplace eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the tissue geometry and its diffusion MRI signal, was derived 20 years ago. In addition, once the Laplace eigendecomposition has been computed and saved, the diffusion MRI signal can be calculated for arbitrary diffusion‐encoding sequences and b‐values at negligible additional cost.In a previous publication, we presented a simulation framework that we implemented inside the MATLAB‐based diffusion MRI simulator SpinDoctor that efficiently computes the matrix formalism representation for biological cells subject to impermeable membrane boundary conditions. In this work, we extend our simulation framework to include geometries that contain permeable cell membranes. We describe the new computational techniques that allowed this generalization and we analyze the effects of the magnitude of the permeability coefficient on the eigendecomposition of the diffusion and Bloch‐Torrey operators.This work is another step in bringing advanced mathematical tools and numerical method development to the simulation and modeling of diffusion MRI.
Work meaningfulness disclosure and persistent behavior: Level of action identification as a moderator
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhang Xiaoshuang , Meng Liang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have consistently confirmed the positive relationship between work meaningfulness and one's persistent behavior in the workplace. However, most existing studies have focused on examining the direct effect of work meaningfulness, paid less attention to the condition under which it works well. In this study, we adopted a 2 (work meaningfulness: disclosure vs. non‐disclosure) × 2 (level of action identification: high vs. low) between‐subject experimental design and investigated the moderating role of action identification level in the relationship between work meaningfulness disclosure and one's persistent behavior. The result indicated that both work characteristics (i.e., work meaningfulness) and personal factors influence work behaviors, since participants who identified their work behaviors at a lower/concrete level benefited more from work meaningfulness disclosure. Given that personal factors have long been neglected in previous work meaningfulness literature, our findings could help advance existing research on work meaningfulness.
Polyvinyl alcohol‐based membranes for filtration of aqueous solutions: A comprehensive review
Authors: Razmgar Kourosh , Nasiraee Mohammad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis review provides a comprehensive overview on applications, preparation methods, and most notably the performance efficiency of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)‐based membranes for filtration of aqueous environments. Incorporation of PVA into the membrane matrix significantly enhances such characteristics as antifouling and antibacterial properties as well as hydrophilicity and permeability in the water and wastewater filtrations. Contribution of different PVA‐based modular membranes for water purification targets via a comparative review on previous researches is the main theme in this work. Alongside with the focused topic, some basic theories and principals of blend and composite polymer films as well as polymer fibers are debated before the main discussions. This review will ultimately facilitate further development of PVA membranes for the future investigations.
Study of the reverse I–V in component subcells of III–V multijunction space solar cells
Authors: Martín Pablo , González José Ramón , García Iván , Algora Carlos , Rey‐Stolle Ignacio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe reverse bias operation of triple‐junction solar cells (GaInP/Ga(In)As/Ge), typically used for space photovoltaics, is poorly understood. In this work, we conduct reverse bias stress tests on both isotype subcells (GaInP, Ga(In)As and Ge) as well as in the complete triple‐junction solar cell. After each reverse bias step, forward dark and lighted I–Vs are measured and modelled using Shockley and Spirito and Albergamo models to fit the characteristic parameters of each individual subcell and quantify the variations evolution caused by the stress. The changes in these parameters are thoroughly analysed in order to comprehend the basic physical processes behind the degradation observed after the reverse bias is applied. Finally, we demonstrate that the individual parameters obtained from each subcell can be combined to simulate the final I–V curve of the complete triple junction and understand how it is affected when reverse bias is applied, linking the changes observed to a sudden degradation of the GaInP top subcell at low reverse voltages.
A stochastic mixed effects model to assess treatment effects and fluctuations in home‐measured peak expiratory flow and the association with exacerbation risk in asthma
Authors: Leander Jacob , Jirstrand Mats , Eriksson Ulf G. , Palmér Robert 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHome‐based measures of lung function, inflammation, symptoms, and medication use are frequently collected in respiratory clinical trials. However, new statistical approaches are needed to make better use of the information contained in these data‐rich variables. In this work, we use data from two phase III asthma clinical trials demonstrating the benefit of benralizumab treatment to develop a novel longitudinal mixed effects model of peak expiratory flow (PEF), a lung function measure easily captured at home using a hand‐held device. The model is based on an extension of the mixed effects modeling framework to incorporate stochastic differential equations and allows for quantification of several statistical properties of a patient's PEF data: the longitudinal trend, long‐term fluctuations, and day‐to‐day variability. These properties are compared between treatment groups and related to a patient's exacerbation risk using a repeated time‐to‐event model. The mixed effects model adequately described the observed data from the two clinical trials, and model parameters were accurately estimated. Benralizumab treatment was shown to improve a patient's average PEF level and reduce long‐term fluctuations. Both of these effects were shown to be associated with a lower exacerbation risk. The day‐to‐day variability was neither significantly affected by treatment nor associated with exacerbation risk. Our work shows the potential of a stochastic model‐based analysis of home‐based lung function measures to support better estimation and understanding of treatment effects and disease stability. The proposed analysis can serve as a complement to descriptive statistics of home‐based measures in the reporting of respiratory clinical trials.
Skill of the extended range prediction (NERP) for Indian summer monsoon rainfall with NCMRWF global coupled modelling system
Authors: Gera Anitha , Gupta Ankur , Mitra Ashis K. , Rao D. Nagarjuna , Momin Imranali M. , Rajeeavan Madhavan N. , Milton Sean F. , Martin Gill M. , Martin Matthew J. , Waters Jennifer , Lea Daniel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn extended range prediction system (NERP) based on the Unified global coupled modelling system has been implemented at National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF). Predictions of weekly anomalies for rainfall, winds and surface temperature are issued once a week for the subsequent 4 weeks. This study is an assessment of the skill of the NERP system over India during the summer monsoon period of June to September (JJAS). The week‐1 and week‐2 rainfall anomaly forecasts exhibit good prediction skill over the Indian region. The evaluations made on meteorologically homogeneous regions of India show moderate to good skill even in week‐3 and week‐4 forecasts for some regions. The variability of the monsoon seasonal cycle in the model is well represented along with the magnitude of summer monsoon rainfall. The model brings out the mean monsoon rainfall features – the peaks during JJAS occurring over the Western Ghats, the Arakan coast and the Bay of Bengal. The onset of the monsoon and the interannual variability of the northward propagation of the rainfall anomalies over the Indian longitudes match reasonably well with observations. The model has some wet bias over the equatorial Indian Ocean and mild dry bias over the Indian land region that develop during the 4‐week period. The anomaly correlations of rainfall are significant over most of the subdivisions of India till week‐3 and week‐4. Probabilistic scores of reliability Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) and fair continuous ranked probability score (FCRPS) show that the model exhibits good skill over most regions till week‐2 and moderate skill in weeks 3–4 over other regions. The estimates of forecast reliability are low, a likely consequence of the limited ensemble size. A case‐study of year 2018 showed that the JJAS rainfall regime shifts from wet to dry and vice versa are captured well.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Addition of Ethyl Bromofluoroacetate to Alkynes
Authors: Hu Zhaoming , Ren Jie , Chen Zhizhi , Yin Siyu , Wu Fanhong , Liu Chao , Wu Zhuo , Wu Jingjing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA cobalt‐catalyzed oxidative monofluoroalkylation of alkynes with ethyl bromofluoroacetate is reported. This method enables direct and facile access to ethyl bromomonofluoroallyl acetate from abundant alkynes with excellent functional group compatibility. Moreover, this cobalt/ethyl bromofluoroacetate protocol can further create a series of radical monofluoroalkylation reactions of a wide array of substrates, offering a generic and complementary platform for the construction of diversified C−CFHCOOEt bonds.
A Review on Electric and Fuel Cell Vehicle Anatomy, Technology Evolution and Policy Drivers towards EVs and FCEVs Market Propagation
Authors: Chandran Mathan , Palanisamy Karthikeyan , Benson David , Sundaram Senthilarasu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe transportation sector is the largest consumer of fossil fuels; making it a major producer of greenhouse gases. Due to declining fossil fuel reserves and increasingly stringent vehicle emission regulations globally, it is essential to shift to alternative energy sources. Economic and eco‐friendly fuel‐efficient hybrid, electric, and fuel cell vehicles are regarded as one of the best alternative solutions to cope with the government policies and to reduce the rise in global temperature caused by the automotive sector. Technological advancements in fuel cells, batteries, and chargers have further supported the development of electric vehicles. The major challenges of range and charging time in electric vehicles can be countered by range extension technology and developing all‐electric hybrid vehicles. In this review, a comprehensive study of different type of vehicles and their architectures are presented. Insights on energy storage devices and converters of electric vehicles currently in use were also provided. Furthermore, various fuel cell advancements and the technical challenges faced during the commercialization of fuel cell vehicles were highlighted.
Advances of Sulfenate Anions in Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Sulfoxides
Authors: Yang Lu , Wang Bingren , Yin Xianjie , Zeng Qingle 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn recent years, sulfenate anions as key intermediates in enantioselective synthesis have attracted considerable attention. Typically, development of novel synthetic methods to generate sulfenate anions allows for the preparation of various enantiopure sulfoxides, which are prevalently used as auxiliaries, ligands, organocatalysts, and biologically active compounds. This review presents thein situpreparation methods and the recent applications of sulfenate anions in catalytic asymmetric synthesis of chiral sulfoxides.
Mapping relativistic to ultra/non-relativistic conformal symmetries in 2D and finite $$ \sqrt{T\overline{T}} $$ deformations
Authors: Rodríguez Pablo , Tempo David , Troncoso Ricardo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The conformal symmetry algebra in 2D (Diff(S1)⊕Diff(S1)) is shown to be related to its ultra/non-relativistic version (BMS3≈GCA2) through a nonlinear map of the generators, without any sort of limiting process. For a generic classical CFT2, the BMS3 generators then emerge as composites built out from the chiral (holomorphic) components of the stress-energy tensor, T and $$ \overline{T} $$

T
¯

, closing in the Poisson brackets at equal time slices. Nevertheless, supertranslation generators do not span Noetherian symmetries. BMS3 becomes a bona fide symmetry once the CFT2 is marginally deformed by the addition of a $$ \sqrt{T\overline{T}} $$

T

T
¯

term to the Hamiltonian. The generic deformed theory is manifestly invariant under diffeomorphisms and local scalings, but it is no longer a CFT2 because its energy and momentum densities fulfill the BMS3 algebra. The deformation can also be described through the original CFT2 on a curved metric whose Beltrami differentials are determined by the variation of the deformed Hamiltonian with respect to T and $$ \overline{T} $$

T
¯

. BMS3 symmetries then arise from deformed conformal Killing equations, corresponding to diffeomorphisms that preserve the deformed metric and stress-energy tensor up to local scalings. As an example, we briefly address the deformation of N free bosons, which coincides with ultra-relativistic limits only for N = 1. Furthermore, Cardy formula and the S-modular transformation of the torus become mapped to their corresponding BMS3 (or flat) versions.
Holographic thermal correlators revisited
Authors: Krishna Hare , Rodriguez-Gomez D. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We study 2-point correlation functions for scalar operators in position space through holography including bulk cubic couplings as well as higher curvature couplings to the square of the Weyl tensor. We focus on scalar operators with large conformal dimensions. This allows us to use the geodesic approximation for propagators. In addition to the leading order contribution, captured by geodesics anchored at the insertion points of the operators on the boundary and probing the bulk geometry thoroughly studied in the literature, the first correction is given by a Witten diagram involving both the bulk cubic coupling and the higher curvature couplings. As a result, this correction is proportional to the VEV of a neutral operator Ok and thus probes the interior of the black hole exactly as in the case studied by Grinberg and Maldacena [13]. The form of the correction matches the general expectations in CFT and allows to identify the contributions of TnOk (being Tn the general contraction of n energy-momentum tensors) to the 2-point function. This correction is actually the leading term for off-diagonal correlators (i.e. correlators for operators of different conformal dimension), which can then be computed holographically in this way.