bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Impact of Body Mass Index and Cognitive Function on All-Cause Mortality in Older Adults: A Nationwide Longitudinal Study
Authors: Han Ke , Jia Wangping , Wang Shengshu , Cao Wenzhe , Song Yang , Wang Jianwei , Liu Miao , Yang Shanshan , He Yao 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundBody mass index (BMI) and cognitive function are independent predictors of mortality risk. However, little is known about the combined impact of BMI and cognitive function on the risk of all-cause mortality in older adults. In this study, we aimed to examine the associations between BMI, cognitive function, and all-cause mortality, including between-factor interactions, in the general population of older adults in China.MethodsWe used the data between 2011 and 2018 from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey that included adults aged ≥65 years residing in the 23 provinces of China. The association between BMI and cognitive function on all-cause mortality was examined with the Cox proportional hazards regression model.ResultsThe study included 8,293 Chinese older adults. Low BMI (underweight) and cognitive impairment were associated with the highest risk of death after adjustments [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.18; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.96–2.41]; this combined effect was more prominent among adults aged &lt;100 years and women. In addition, there was an interaction effect of BMI and cognitive impairment on all-cause mortality (P &lt;0.001). Concurrently, among older adults with normal cognition, the risk of mortality related to underweight was higher than among their cognitively impaired counterparts [55% (normal cognition) vs. 38% (cognitive impairment)].ConclusionsLow BMI (underweight) and cognitive impairment were independently and jointly associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality among Chinese older adults, and females showed a stronger effect in this association. The association between BMI and mortality was more pronounced in the participants with normal cognition than in their cognitively impaired counterparts.
Maternal GALNT2 Variations Affect Blood Pressure, Atherogenic Index, and Fetal Growth, Depending on BMI in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Guan Linbo , Fan Ping , Liu Xinghui , Zhou Mi , Wu Yujie , Liu Rui , Liu Yu , Bai Huai 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundGALNT2 is a GalNAc transferase that regulates serum lipid fractions, insulin signaling, and lipogenesis. Genetic variants are implicated in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The objective of this study was to investigate the association of GALNT2 rs2144300 and rs4846914 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the risk of GDM and related traits.MethodsTwo SNPs were genotyped, and clinical and metabolic parameters were determined in 461 GDM patients and 626 control subjects. Genetic associations with related traits were also analyzed.ResultsThe genotype distributions of the two SNPs in GDM patients were similar to those in normal controls. However, significant differences were noted across the three groups of genotypes with respect to the examined variables in subjects in a BMI-dependent manner. The rs4846914 and rs2144300 SNPs of GALNT2 were significantly associated with systolic blood pressure and/or diastolic blood pressure levels in nonobese GDM patients and atherogenic index (AI) in overweight/obese GDM patients. The rs4846914 SNP was also associated with fetal growth in overweight/obese GDM patients, and apo A1 and pregnancy weight gain in overweight/obese control women (all P&lt;0.05).ConclusionsThe two polymorphisms in the GALNT2 gene are associated with variations in blood pressure, atherogenic index, and fetal growth in GDM, depending on BMI, but not with GDM. Our findings highlight a link between related phenotypes in GDM mothers and their fetuses and the genetic components.
Reaching Absent and Refusing Individuals During Home-Based HIV Testing Through Self-Testing—at What Cost?
Authors: Amstutz Alain , Matsela Lineo , Lejone Thabo Ishmael , Kopo Mathebe , Glass Tracy Renée , Labhardt Niklaus Daniel 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: In the HOSENG trial (NCT03598686), the secondary distribution of oral self-tests for persons absent or refusing to test during a home-based HIV testing campaign in rural Lesotho resulted in an increase in testing coverage of 21% compared to a testing campaign without secondary distribution. This study aims to determine the per patient costs of both HOSENG trial arms.Method: We conducted a micro-costing study to estimate the cost of home-based HIV testing with (HOSENG intervention arm) and without (HOSENG control arm) secondary self-test distribution from a provider's perspective. A mixture of top-down and bottom-up costing was used. We estimated both the financial and economic per patient costs of each possible testing cascade scenario. The costs were adjusted to 2018 US$.Results: The overall provider cost for delivering the home-based HIV testing with secondary distribution was US$36,481 among the 4,174 persons enumerated and 3,094 eligible for testing in the intervention villages compared to US$28,620 for 3,642 persons enumerated and 2,727 eligible for testing in the control. The cost per person eligible for testing was US$11.79 in the intervention vs. US$10.50 in the control. This difference was mainly driven by the cost of distributed oral self-tests. The cost per person tested was, however, lower in intervention villages (US$15.70 vs. US$22.15) due to the higher testing coverage achieved through self-test distribution. The cost per person confirmed new HIV+ was US$889.79 in the intervention and US$753.17 in the control.Conclusion: During home-based HIV testing in Lesotho, the secondary distribution of self-tests for persons absent or refusing to test during the visit reduced the costs per person tested and thus presents a promising add-on for such campaigns.Trial Registration:https://ClinicalTrials.gov/, identifier: NCT03598686
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Retinal Microvascular Features in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Jin Qifang , Lei Yiming , Wang Ruoxin , Wu Huiying , Ji Kaibao , Ling Ling 
Published: June 2021

Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate retinal microvascular features in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for published articles comparing retinal microvascular characteristics in subjects with AD and controls. The mean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess continuous variables. Review Manager Version (RevMan) 5.30, was employed to analyze the data.Results: Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. The analysis revealed that the macular whole enface superficial and deep vessel density (VD) values measured by OCTA were significantly lower in patients with AD than in controls (MD = −1.10, P &lt; 0.0001; MD = −1.61, P = 0.0001, respectively). The value measured by OCTA for parafoveal superficial VD in patients with AD was also remarkably lower than that in the control group (MD = −1.42, P = 0.001), whereas there was no significant difference in the value for parafoveal deep VD (MD = −3.67, P = 0.19), compared to the controls. In addition, the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) was larger in patients with AD than in the control group (MD = 0.08, P = 0.07), although it did not reach statistical significance.Conclusions: The present meta-analysis indicated that the macular whole enface and parafoveal vessel densities were reduced in patients with AD. Moreover, our pooled data revealed that FAZ is larger in patients with AD. Consequently, OCTA may be utilized as a diagnostic tool to identify and monitor patients with AD.
Anxiety Is Associated With DPPIV Alterations in Children With Selective Mutism and Social Anxiety Disorder: A Pilot Study
Authors: Golub Yulia , Stonawski Valeska , Plank Anne C. , Eichler Anna , Kratz Oliver , Waltes Regina , von Hoersten Stephan , Roessner Veit , Freitag Christine M. 
Published: June 2021

Background: Both selective mutism (SM) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) are severe pediatric anxiety disorders with the common trait of behavioral inhibition (BI). The underlying pathophysiology of these disorders remains poorly understood, however converging evidence suggests that alterations in several peripheral molecular pathways might be involved. In a pilot study, we investigated alterations in plasma molecular markers (dipeptidyl peptidase-4 [DPPIV], interleukin-6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor-β [TNF-β] and neuropeptide-Y [NPY]) in children with SM, SAD, and healthy controls, as well as the correlation of these markers to symptom severity.Methods: We included 51 children and adolescents (aged 5–18 years; n = 29 girls): n = 20 children in the SM-, n = 16 in the SAD- and n = 15 in the control-group (CG). Peripheral blood samples were analyzed for DPPIV, IL-6, TNF-β, and NPY concentrations. Diverse psychometric measures were used for BI, anxiety, and mutism symptoms.Results: Lower DPPIV-levels were correlated with more anxiety symptoms. However, we could not find a difference in any molecular marker between the patients with SAD and SM in comparison to the CG.Conclusion: DPPIV is proposed as relevant marker for child and adolescent anxiety. Investigating the pathophysiology of SM and SAD focusing on state and trait variables as anxiety or BI might help better understanding the underlying mechanisms of these disorders. Further studies with especially larger cohorts are needed to validate the current pilot-findings.
Brief Report: Preliminary Evidence of the N170 as a Biomarker of Response to Treatment in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Kala Shashwat , Rolison Max J. , Trevisan Dominic A. , Naples Adam J. , Pelphrey Kevin , Ventola Pamela , McPartland James C. 
Published: June 2021

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by primary difficulties in social function. Individuals with ASD display slowed neural processing of faces, as indexed by the latency of the N170, a face-sensitive event-related potential. Currently, there are no objective biomarkers of ASD useful in clinical care or research. Efficacy of behavioral treatment is currently evaluated through subjective clinical impressions. To explore whether the N170 might have utility as an objective index of treatment response, we examined N170 before and after receipt of an empirically validated behavioral treatment in children with ASD.Method: Electroencephalography (EEG) data were obtained on a preliminary cohort of preschool-aged children with ASD before and after a 16-week course of PRT and in a subset of participants in waitlist control (16-weeks before the start of PRT) and follow-up (16-weeks after the end of PRT). EEG was recorded while participants viewed computer-generated faces with neutral and fearful affect.Results: Significant reductions in N170 latency to faces were observed following 16 weeks of PRT intervention. Change in N170 latency was not observed in the waitlist-control condition.Conclusions: This exploratory study offers suggestive evidence that N170 latency may index response to behavioral treatment. Future, more rigorous, studies in larger samples are indicated to evaluate whether the N170 may be useful as a biomarker of treatment response.
Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Different Diseases Measured With the EQ-5D-5L: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zhou Ting , Guan Haijing , Wang Luying , Zhang Yao , Rui Mingjun , Ma Aixia 
Published: June 2021

Background: The EQ-5D-5L is a generic preference-based questionnaire developed by the EuroQol Group to measure health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in 2005. Since its development, it has been increasingly applied in populations with various diseases and has been found to have good reliability and sensitivity. This study aimed to summarize the health utility elicited from EQ-5D-5L for patients with different diseases in cross-sectional studies worldwide.Methods: Web of Science, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched from January 1, 2012, to October 31, 2019. Cross-sectional studies reporting utility values measured with the EQ-5D-5L in patients with any specific disease were eligible. The language was limited to English. Reference lists of the retrieved studies were manually searched to identify more studies that met the inclusion criteria. Methodological quality was assessed with the Agency for Health Research and Quality (AHRQ) checklist. In addition, meta-analyses were performed for utility values of any specific disease reported in three or more studies.Results: In total, 9,400 records were identified, and 98 studies met the inclusion criteria. In the included studies, 50 different diseases and 98,085 patients were analyzed. Thirty-five studies involving seven different diseases were included in meta-analyses. The health utility ranged from 0.31 to 0.99 for diabetes mellitus [meta-analysis random-effect model (REM): 0.83, (95% CI = 0.77–0.90); fixed-effect model (FEM): 0.93 (95% CI = 0.93–0.93)]; from 0.62 to 0.90 for neoplasms [REM: 0.75 (95% CI = 0.68–0.82); FEM: 0.80 (95% CI = 0.78–0.81)]; from 0.56 to 0.85 for cardiovascular disease [REM: 0.77 (95% CI = 0.75–0.79); FEM: 0.76 (95% CI = 0.75–0.76)]; from 0.31 to 0.78 for multiple sclerosis [REM: 0.56 (95% CI = 0.47–0.66); FEM: 0.67 (95% CI = 0.66–0.68)]; from 0.68 to 0.79 for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [REM: 0.75 (95% CI = 0.71–0.80); FEM: 0.76 (95% CI = 0.75–0.77)] from 0.65 to 0.90 for HIV infection [REM: 0.84 (95% CI = 0.80–0.88); FEM: 0.81 (95% CI = 0.80–0.82)]; from 0.37 to 0.89 for chronic kidney disease [REM: 0.70 (95% CI = 0.48–0.92; FEM: 0.76 (95% CI = 0.74–0.78)].Conclusions: EQ-5D-5L is one of the most widely used preference-based measures of HRQoL in patients with different diseases worldwide. The variation of utility values for the same disease was influenced by the characteristics of patients, the living environment, and the EQ-5D-5L value set.Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42020158694.
Mandatory Mask-Wearing and Hand Hygiene Associated With Decreased Infectious Diseases Among Patients Undergoing Regular Hemodialysis: A Historical-Control Study
Authors: Qin Jun-Jian , Xing Yan-Fang , Ren Jian-Hua , Chen Yong-Jian , Gan Ying-Fei , Jiang Yan-Qiu , Chen Jie , Li Xing 
Published: June 2021

Background: Infections are the second leading cause of death among patients undergoing hemodialysis. However, preventive measures against infectious diseases are limited and have not been made mandatory for patients.Objective: To investigate the incidence of infectious diseases before and during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.Design: A historical comparative study of a prospective cohort.Setting(s): February 1, 2015 to January 31, 2020 was defined as the period before the mitigative confrontation of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. The period from February 1 to June 29, 2020 was defined as the period of mitigative confrontation of the COVID-19 pandemic in China.Participants: A cohort of patients undergoing hemodialysis whose infectious disease episodes were documented prospectively in the hemodialysis unit of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University since February 1, 2015.Methods: Mandatory mask-wearing and reinforced hand-hygiene education were implemented to prevent COVID-19 from January 23, 2020 in China. The incidence of infectious episodes, including catheter-related infection, digestive tract infection, upper respiratory tract infection (UTRI), pneumonia, and infection at other sites, were documented and compared in the periods before and during the pandemic.Results: The historical control group consisted of 157 patients, with 79 patients in the COVID-19 prevention group. The mask-wearing rate of patients increased from 1.5 to 100%. Hand sanitizer consumption increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The compliance rates of hand hygiene increased from 66, 75.5, to 55% in physicians, nurses, and other employees before the pandemic to 90.5, 92.5, and 76.5%, respectively. The incidences of UTRI and pneumonia decreased during the pandemic (p &lt; 0.001). Notably, catheter-related and digestive tract infections also decreased during the pandemic (p = 0.003 and 0.034, respectively). A matched-pair study was conducted to further analyze the 79 individual changes in the incidences of infectious disease before and during the pandemic. As a result, the incidences of UTRI, pneumonia, catheter-related infections, digestive tract infections, and infections at other sites all decreased during the pandemic.Conclusions: The present study indicated an association between mandatory mask-wearing and reinforced hand hygiene education and decreased respiratory, catheter-related, and digestive tract infection episodes in the hemodialysis unit.
The Effect of Dual Language Activation on L2-Induced Changes in L1 Speech within a Code-Switched Paradigm
Authors: Reubold Ulrich , Ditewig Sanne , Mayr Robert , Mennen Ineke 
Published: June 2021

The present study sought to examine the effect of dual language activation on L1 speech in late English–Austrian German sequential bilinguals, and to identify relevant predictor variables. To this end, we compared the English speech patterns of adult migrants to Austria in a code-switched and monolingual condition alongside those of monolingual native speakers in England in a monolingual condition. In the code-switched materials, German words containing target segments known to trigger cross-linguistic interaction in the two languages (i.e., [v–w], [ʃt(ʁ)-st(ɹ)] and [l-ɫ]) were inserted into an English frame; monolingual materials comprised English words with the same segments. To examine whether the position of the German item affects L1 speech, the segments occurred either before the switch (“He wants a Wienerschnitzel”) or after (“I like Würstel with mustard”). Critical acoustic measures of these segments revealed no differences between the groups in the monolingual condition, but significant L2-induced shifts in the bilinguals’ L1 speech production in the code-switched condition for some sounds. These were found to occur both before and after a code-switch, and exhibited a fair amount of individual variation. Only the amount of L2 use was found to be a significant predictor variable for shift size in code-switched compared with monolingual utterances, and only for [w]. These results have important implications for the role of dual activation in the speech of late sequential bilinguals.
EFFECT OF A COMPLEX MINERAL AND VITAMIN FEED SUPPLEMENT FOR CALVES ON NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY
Authors: ФАРХУТДИНОВА А.Р. , САБИТОВ М.Т. 
Published: June 2021

In a scientific and economic experiment lasting 90 days on 4 groups of black-and-white calves, formed by the method of analogs, the effect of a complex mineral-vitamin feed supplement (CMVFS ) on the nutrient digestibility of feed in the Republic of Bashkortostan was studied. Animals of the control group received the basic diet (BD) and mineral feeds (chalk, salt, premix); I, II and III experimental groups — BD + CMVFS according to recipe No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 respectively. A distinctive feature of the recipes is the ratio of natural zeolite and sapropel in 1 kg of the supplement. It was found that the content of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur, manganese, copper, zinc and cobalt in the green mass, as well as in the feed harvested from it, does not meet the needs of young animals. Significantly high digestibility of dry and organic matter relative to the control was observed in animals of group III by 3.84% (R<0.05) and 2.78% (R<0.05); crude protein — by 3.21 and 3.96% — in young animals of groups II and III (R<0.05); crude fat — by 2.83% (R<0.05) in group I, by 4.01% (R<0.05) in group II and by 5.05% (P<0.01) in group III; nitrogen-free extractive substances — by 3.24% (R<0.05) in II and by 3.67% (R<0.05) in III experimental groups. The balance of nitrogen and minerals in all experimental groups was positive. The digested and deposited nitrogen in the body corresponds to the obtained average daily live weight gain of calves. In order to balance the diets of calves in terms of macro- and microelements, we recommend vitamins to introduce CMVFS according to the recipe No. 3 into the mixture of grains at the rate of 35 g per 1 head per day.
THE INFLUENCE OF CSN 2 AND CSN 3 GENOTYPES ON THE MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF AYRSHIRE COWS
Authors: КОВАЛЮК Н.В. , САЦУК В.Ф. , КУЛЕШОВА Е.А. , ЯКУШЕВА Л.И. , ШАХНАЗАРОВА Ю.Ю. 
Published: June 2021

Настоящее исследование завершает цикл работ, связанных с генотипированием российских субпопуляций крупного рогатого скота по локусам CSN2 и CSN3. Проведено генотипирование коров и телок айрширской породы из трех хозяйств Краснодарского края (n=1107). Установлена частота встречаемости носителей CSN2- и CSN3-генотипов, оценена степень их влияния на молочную продуктивность. В различных группах животных частота встречаемости «предпочтительных» в хозяйственном отношении CSN2-генотипа А2А2 составляет от 0,23 до 0,37 и CSN3-генотипа ВВ — от 0,03 до 0,06. Генотипы А2А2 и ВВ не оказывают негативного влияния на молочную продуктивность их носителей. Целесообразно для отечественных племенных предприятий, реализующих спермопродукцию айрширских быков, увеличить долю производителей с генотипами А2А2 (локус CSN2), АВ и ВВ (локус CSN3
This study completes a series of studies related to the genotyping of Russian bovine subpopulations at the CSN2 and CSN3 loci. Genotyping of cows and heifers Ayrshire breed from three farms in the Krasnodar region (n=1107) and the incidence of carriers CSN2 and CSN3 genotypes, assess their degree of influence on milk production in animals Ayrshire breed .It was found that in different groups of animals, the frequency of occurrence of the "preferred" in economic terms CSN2 genotype A2A2 ranges from 0.23 to 0.37 and CSN3 genotype BB - from 0.03 to 0.06.Genotypes A2A2 and BB (loci CSN2 and CSN3) do not have a negative impact on the milk productivity of their carriers. We consider it expedient for domestic breeding enterprises that sell sperm products of Ayrshire bulls to increase the share of producers with genotypes A2A2 (CSN2 locus), AB and BB (CSN3 locus).
TÜRKİYE’DE DEMOKRATİK KÜLTÜR: TESPİTLER, ELEŞTİRİLER, TARTIŞMALAR
Authors: DURSUNOĞLU İsmail , KATILMIŞ Ferdi 
Published: June 2021

Halkın yönetimi anlamına gelen demokrasi üzerinde uzun tartışmaların olduğu bir kavramdır. Sahip olduğu özellikler itibariyle ortaya çıkışından bugüne her geçen gün değer kazanan demokrasi, toplumların kültürel özelliklerine göre farklı biçimlerde tecrübe edilmektedir. Bu nedenle teorik gereklilikleri aynı olsa da uygulama pratikleri farklılaşmaktadır. Demokrasi hayatı, toplumların siyasi kültürüne katkı sunduğu gibi, siyasal kültür kodları da demokrasiyi biçimlendirmektedir. Türkiye’de modernleşme çabaları ile paralel ortaya çıkan demokratikleşme bazı eksikliklerine rağmen yüzyılı aşkın tarihsel arka plana sahiptir.
Bu çalışma, Türk demokratik kültürünün kendine özgü niteliklerini ortaya koymaya çalışmaktadır. Çalışmada eleştirel bir yaklaşımla, siyasal ve toplumsal yaşamdaki “demokrasi algısı” irdelenmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de demokrasi konusundaki sorunları tespit ederek, sosyo-politik açıdan bir bakış açısı oluşturmaktır.