bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-luminosity Galaxies in the Early Universe Have Observed Sizes Similar to Star Cluster Complexes
Authors: Bouwens R. J. , Illingworth G. D. , van Dokkum P. G. , Ribeiro B. , Oesch P. A. , Stefanon M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We compare the sizes and luminosities of faint z = 6–8 galaxies magnified by the Hubble Frontier Fields clusters with star-forming regions, as well as more evolved objects, in the nearby universe. Our high-redshift comparison sample includes 330 z = 6–8 galaxies, for which size measurements were made as part of a companion study where lensing magnifications were estimated from various public models. Accurate size measurements for these sources are complicated by the lens model uncertainties, but other results and arguments suggest that faint galaxies are small, as discussed in a companion study. The measured sizes for sources in our comparison sample range from <50 pc to ∼500 pc. For many of the lowest-luminosity sources, extremely small sizes are inferred, reaching individual sizes as small as 10–30 pc, with several sources in the 10–15 pc range with our conservative magnification limits. The sizes and luminosities are similar to those of single star cluster complexes like 30 Doradus in the lower-redshift universe and—in a few cases—super star clusters. The identification of these compact, faint star-forming sources in the z ∼ 6–8 universe also allows us to set upper limits on the proto-globular cluster luminosity function at z ∼ 6. By comparisons of the counts and sizes with recent models, we rule out (with some caveats) proto-globular cluster formation scenarios favoring substantial (ξ = 10) post-formation mass loss and set useful upper limits on others. Our size results suggest we may be very close to discovering a bona fide population of forming globular clusters at high redshift.
Concordance: In-flight Calibration of X-Ray Telescopes without Absolute References
Authors: Marshall Herman L. , Chen Yang , Drake Jeremy J. , Guainazzi Matteo , Kashyap Vinay L. , Meng Xiao-Li , Plucinsky Paul P. , Ratzlaff Peter , van Dyk David A. , Wang Xufei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We describe a process for cross-calibrating the effective areas of X-ray telescopes that observe common targets. The targets are not assumed to be “standard candles” in the classic sense, in that we assume that the source fluxes have well-defined, but a priori unknown values. Using a technique developed by Chen et al. that involves a statistical method called shrinkage estimation, we determine effective area correction factors for each instrument that bring estimated fluxes into the best agreement, consistent with prior knowledge of their effective areas. We expand the technique to allow unique priors on systematic uncertainties in effective areas for each X-ray astronomy instrument and to allow correlations between effective areas in different energy bands. We demonstrate the method with several data sets from various X-ray telescopes.
Signatures of AGN-induced Metal Loss in the Stellar Population
Authors: Camps-Fariña A. , Sánchez S. F. , Carigi L. , Lacerda E. A. D. , García-Benito R. , Mast D. , Galbany L. , Barrera-Ballesteros J. K. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
One way the active galactic nuclei (AGN) are expected to influence the evolution of their host galaxies is by removing metal content via outflows. In this article we present results that show that AGN can have an effect on the chemical enrichment of their host galaxies using the fossil record technique on CALIFA galaxies. We classified the chemical enrichment histories of all galaxies in our sample regarding whether they show a drop in the value of their metallicity. We find that galaxies currently hosting an AGN are more likely to show this drop in their metal content compared to the quiescent sample. Once we separate the sample by their star-forming status we find that star-forming galaxies are less likely to have a drop in metallicity but have deeper decreases when these appear. This behavior could be evidence for the influence of either pristine gas inflows or galactic outflows triggered by starbursts, both of which can produce a drop in metallicity.
Species diversity of fishes in the Dingqu River Basin, tributary of the upper Yangtze River, China
Authors: Xing Yingchun , Bai Jie , Li Huiqin , Liu Baoxiang , Zhao Yahui 
Published: November 2021

The Dingqu River Basin, a major tributary of the upper Yangtze River, is located at southeast edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. The fishes of this plateau constitute a major faunal component of this basin, particularly Schizothoracinae (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) and Triplophysa (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae). Hydropower development is an impact that affects natural habitats and biological resources of the upper Yangtze River and this has led to a decrease in biodiversity. This study investigated the species diversity of fishes of the Dingqu River Basin and accumulated basic data for conservation of biodiversity and assessment of ecological health of the upper Yangtze River.
The upper streams of the Jinshajiang River harbours numerous endemic fish species in China. Most of them belong to the Qianghai-Tibet Plateau fish fauna. However, while the fish species of the Jinshajiang River have been well studied, there is still a gap in the research on fish species diversity of the Dingqu River Basin tributary. This study provides information for 18 native fish species belonging to two orders, four families, three subfamilies and eight genera, and is the first complete record of fishes in the Dingqu River Basin, a primary tributary of the Yangtze River. Supplemental information of species diversity in the Jinshajiang River is also provided. The study includes two datasets, which present taxonomic, distribution, habitat condition, endemism and threat information for each species collected from the Dingqu River Basin and historical literature, respectively. In particular, these fish species all have limited distribution within the south-eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau areas of China and could determine the importance of habitat protection for the upper Yangtze River.
De la cave à la scène du concours : les sommeliers français entre crise et réinvention (de l’après-guerre aux années 1980)
Authors: Fedoul Sénia 
Published: November 2021

Confrontée dans l’après-guerre à la crise du monde du luxe et aux mutations de l’économie du vin, la sommellerie française doit se réinventer. C’est en se faisant les hérauts de l’excellence à la française, caractérisée par la valorisation des vins d’appellation et sanctionnée par le « fait total » du concours de dégustation, que les sommeliers reconstruisent leur identité professionnelle, dans une tension permanente entre les exigences de la transmission des savoir-faire et la nécessité de satisfaire à la théâtralisation et à la médiatisation du vin.
Politics, markets and wine: indexing post-Cold War tensions in the Republic of Moldova
Authors: Ana Daniela 
Published: November 2021

Cet article élargit l’approche sémiotique de l’étude du vin et de la politique en se concentrant sur les messages politiques inscrits sur deux marques de vin moldave. En effet, des objets matériels tels que le vin peuvent faire l’objet de commentaires politiques sur les tensions de l’après-guerre froide en Moldavie. La réinterprétation des frontières nationales est mobilisée pour produire des « vins politiques » de manière calculée afin de s’assurer que ceux-ci épousent un marché de consommateurs susceptibles de réagir à une telle politisation de leur breuvage.
Itinéraires de Chinois dans les vignobles du bordelais ou le renversement de la figure de « l’étranger »
Authors: Crenn Chantal 
Published: November 2021

Cet article s’interroge sur les liens qui se tissent quotidiennement entre salariés français et investisseurs chinois·e·s dans un territoire situé à la marge du bordelais. Il dévoile comment les marques de l’autochtonie et de l’étrangeté, fruits d’échanges économiques et symboliques, se trouvent transformées au sein d’une des communautés viticoles bordelaises appauvries. Cette communauté se saisit – pour certains de ses membres – de cette présence étrangère inattendue pour (re)donner de la valeur marchande et symbolique à son vin tout en redoutant que les investisseurs chinois aient définitivement la main mise sur un fleuron de l’économie française et/ou pire disparaissent sans laisser de trace.
« Quelle grandeur, le Patrick ! » Paroles d’amitié chez les Manouches d’Auvergne
Authors: Foisneau Lise 
Published: November 2021

« Nous, on n’en parle pas » est-il un livre dorénavant orphelin ? Que devient un « terrain » une fois l’ethnologue disparu ? C’est en partant à la rencontre des amis manouches de Patrick Williams que l’auteure de cet article a souhaité lui rendre hommage. Ce texte s’interroge sur l’héritage de l’anthropologue et se demande si des morts, vraiment, on n’en parle pas.
A Soluble PrPC Derivative and Membrane-Anchored PrPC in Extracellular Vesicles Attenuate Innate Immunity by Engaging the NMDA-R/LRP1 Receptor Complex
Authors: Mantuano Elisabetta , Azmoon Pardis , Banki Michael A , Sigurdson Christina J , Campana Wendy M , Gonias Steven L 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Nonpathogenic cellular prion protein (PrPC) demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity; however, the responsible mechanisms are incompletely defined. PrPC exists as a GPI-anchored membrane protein in diverse cells; however, PrPC may be released from cells by ADAM proteases or when packaged into extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this study, we show that a soluble derivative of PrPC (S-PrP) counteracts inflammatory responses triggered by pattern recognition receptors in macrophages, including TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, TLR9, NOD1, and NOD2. S-PrP also significantly attenuates the toxicity of LPS in mice. The response of macrophages to S-PrP is mediated by a receptor assembly that includes the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) and low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein-1 (LRP1). PrPC was identified in EVs isolated from human plasma. These EVs replicated the activity of S-PrP, inhibiting cytokine expression and IκBα phosphorylation in LPS-treated macrophages. The effects of plasma EVs on LPS-treated macrophages were blocked by PrPC-specific Ab, by antagonists of LRP1 and the NMDA-R, by deleting Lrp1 in macrophages, and by inhibiting Src family kinases. Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C dissociated the LPS-regulatory activity from EVs, rendering the EVs inactive as LPS inhibitors. The LPS-regulatory activity that was lost from phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C–treated EVs was recovered in solution. Collectively, these results demonstrate that GPI-anchored PrPC is the essential EV component required for the observed immune regulatory activity of human plasma EVs. S-PrP and EV-associated PrPC regulate innate immunity by engaging the NMDA-R/LRP1 receptor system in macrophages. The scope of pattern recognition receptors antagonized by S-PrP suggests that released forms of PrPC may have broad anti-inflammatory activity.
Identification and Characterization of Antigen-Specific CD8+ T Cells Using Surface-Trapped TNF-α and Single-Cell Sequencing
Authors: Abdulhaqq Shaheed , Ventura Abigail B , Reed Jason S , Bashirova Arman A , Bateman Katherine B , McDonald Eric , Wu Helen L , Greene Justin M , Schell John B , Morrow David , Wisskirchen Karin , Martin Jeffrey N , Deeks Steven G , Carrington Mary , Protzer Ulrike , Früh Klaus , Hansen Scott G , Picker Louis J , Sacha Jonah B , Bimber Benjamin N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
CD8+ T cells are key mediators of antiviral and antitumor immunity. The isolation and study of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells, as well as mapping of their MHC restriction, has practical importance to the study of disease and the development of therapeutics. Unfortunately, most experimental approaches are cumbersome, owing to the highly variable and donor-specific nature of MHC-bound peptide/TCR interactions. Here we present a novel system for rapid identification and characterization of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells, particularly well suited for samples with limited primary cells. Cells are stimulated ex vivo with Ag of interest, followed by live cell sorting based on surface-trapped TNF-α. We take advantage of major advances in single-cell sequencing to generate full-length sequence data from the paired TCR α- and β-chains from these Ag-specific cells. The paired TCR chains are cloned into retroviral vectors and used to transduce donor CD8+ T cells. These TCR transductants provide a virtually unlimited experimental reagent, which can be used for further characterization, such as minimal epitope mapping or identification of MHC restriction, without depleting primary cells. We validated this system using CMV-specific CD8+ T cells from rhesus macaques, characterizing an immunodominant Mamu-A1*002:01-restricted epitope. We further demonstrated the utility of this system by mapping a novel HLA-A*68:02-restricted HIV Gag epitope from an HIV-infected donor. Collectively, these data validate a new strategy to rapidly identify novel Ags and characterize Ag-specific CD8+ T cells, with applications ranging from the study of infectious disease to immunotherapeutics and precision medicine.
A comparative survival analysis of high viscosity glass ionomer restorations using conventional cavity preparation and atraumatic restorative treatment technique in primary molars
Authors: Yunus G. Y. , Sharma Hunny , Itagi Afreen Begum H. , Srivastava Himanshu 
Published: November 2021

Background:
This randomized clinical trial (RCT) aimed to compare the 3-year survival rates of high viscosity glass ionomer restorations (HVGIC) using conventional cavity preparation and atraumatic restorative technique (ART) in primary molars.

Materials and Methods:
In this RCT, 139 schoolchildren aged 6–9 years with dentinal caries in primary molars were randomly allocated to groups, i.e. the ART group and the conventional group, utilizing a random number generator. Adequate allocation concealment was done. Intervention was delivered using standard procedure and GC Fuji IX ART HVGIC was used as restorations in both the groups. Analysis was carried in 92 participants, and survival rates in both the groups were compared at 12, 24, and 36-month intervals. IBM SPSS software was utilized to analyze the time taken for the procedure and the Kaplan–Meier estimate was used to assess the survival rates. P value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The ART took longer to complete (16.48 ± 2.02 min) versus conventional rotary instrumentation (13.15 ± 1.32 min). The conventional method was slightly superior as compared to ART; excellent survival rates (i.e. >90%) were achieved in both groups at the end of 12-month follow-up with no significant differences at the end of 24 and 36 months as evident from Kaplan–Meier estimate (P = 0.255).

Conclusion:
Three-year follow-up showed that GIC restorations with ART and conventional method carried out using GC Fuji IX ART HVGIC were acceptably successful, substantiating the use of ART for the primary dentition in areas with high caries prevalence and limited access to dental care.
The effect of ethanol wet bonding technique on postoperative hypersensitivity of Class II composite restorations
Authors: Boruziniat Alireza , Alizadeh Sanaz , Gifani Mahshid , Cehreli Zafer C. , Khazaei Yeganeh 
Published: November 2021

Background:
To evaluate the effect of Ethanol Wet Bonding Technique (EWBT) on postoperative hypersensitivity (POH) of composite restorations in premolar teeth.

Materials and Methods:
In this randomized trial, 24 patients with at least three proximal carious lesions with similar axial depth and position of gingival floor in their premolars were enrolled. Following cavity preparation, the teeth were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) Class II resin-based composite (RBC) restoration using an etch-and-rinse adhesive + wet bonding technique (Control); (2) RBC restoration using EWBT + hydrophobic adhesive; and (3) RBC restoration using EWBT + hydrophilic adhesive. Tooth hypersensitivity was evaluated before and 1, 3, 7, 14 and 30 days after treatment according to the Visual Analog Scale. Data were analyzed statistically with Kruskal–Wallis and Friedman tests (P = 0.05).

Results:
All teeth showed similar levels of hypersensitivity after treatment (both P > 0.05). Furthermore, there was no difference between POH levels of the test and control groups at any control period (P < 0.05). Friedman test indicated that the POH significantly reduced within time in all groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Application of ethanol-wet bonding technique, either with hydrophobic or hydrophilic adhesives did not affect the POH of Class II composite restorations in premolars.
Efficacy of Antioxidants Therapy on Progression of Periodontal Disease – A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Wasti Jyoti , Wasti Amit , Singh Ritunja 
Published: November 2021

Background and Aim:
Increased oxidative stress has emerged as one of the prime factors in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Hence, antioxidant therapy may become a promising tool in the treatment of periodontal disease. Uric acid is a major salivary antioxidant, levels of which decrease in periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of antioxidant therapy on the progression of periodontal disease.

Material and Methods:
This is a randomized controlled clinical trial conducted among 48 systemically healthy participants having generalized gingivitis with probing depth <3 mm, plaque index (PI) <1, and no bone and attachment loss. Participants were randomly assigned equally (n = 24) into two groups (test and control) using the lottery method. Full mouth scaling and root planing were performed in both the groups and oral hygiene instructions were given. Periodontal assessment at baseline 1 h after scaling and root planing was done with clinical parameters by a single examiner. Test group was prescribed; the commercially available anti-oxidant containing natural lycopene with green tea extract. Sample collection was done for both the groups at baseline and at the 45th day.

Results:
It was observed that significantly high results were obtained during intra-group comparison for both modified plaque index and sulcus bleeding index from baseline to 45 days. After treatment, a very highly significant increase (P ≤ 0.001) in the test group and significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in the control group were observed in salivary uric acid levels.

Conclusion:
Oral lycopene and green tea extract supplementation is positively associated with salivary uric acid levels and plays an important role in the management of gingivitis.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Acacia Nilotica (Babul) Extract and its Effectiveness in Disinfecting Gutta Percha Cones - An In Vitro Study
Authors: Jagyasi Dolly R. , Chandwani Neelam D. , Gunwal Mohit K. , Ranka Aastha S. 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Gutta-percha cones used directly from the manufacturer's sealed packs harbour micro-organisms. During clinical use, the chances of contamination of gutta-percha increases. Hence, disinfection of gutta-percha cones before use is essential to prevent canal recontamination.

Aim:
To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of babul against chemical disinfectants, and its effectiveness in disinfecting gutta-percha cones.

Materials and Methods:
The extract of babul was used to assess its antimicrobial activity against E-faecalis, S. aureus and C. albicans using the agar diffusion method. A total of 120 cones acquired from freshly opened manufacturers' pack were cut into three equal parts and divided into group I which was directly placed into a nutrient broth, group II was clinically contaminated with gloves for 30 s and placed into a nutrient broth, and the third part was clinically contaminated with gloves and decontaminated for 5 min using the experimental disinfectants to check for the presence of turbidity.

Statistical Analysis:
The data were analysed by an Unpaired t-test and Chi-square test at a significance level of P < 0.05 using software SPSS 20.

Results:
Two percent chlorhexidine showed maximum antibacterial action against E. faecalis and S. aureus followed by babul extract. It was also found more efficacious in decontaminating gutta-percha cones followed by babul and 3% sodium hypochlorite in 5 min.

Conclusion:
Babul herbal extract is indeed effective in decontaminating gutta-percha cones and is a better alternative to chemical disinfectants.
Assessment of Pulp Sensibility in the Mature Necrotic Teeth using Regenerative Endodontic Therapy with Various Scaffolds – Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Mittal Neelam , Baranwal Harakh C. , Kumar Praveen , Gupta Sakshi 
Published: November 2021

Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate and compare the possibility of regaining pulp sensibility and objectives of regeneration procedure in mature necrotic teeth using regenerative endodontics.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 36 mature necrotic teeth were selected and a regenerative endodontic procedure was performed. A total of four groups, each involving n = 9 teeth per group were randomly grouped as (1) periapical bleeding, (2) platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), (3) collagen, and (4) hydroxyapatite. Pulp testing and radiographic assessment of periapical healing (PH) were recorded at every 3-month interval for 1 year. Readings were compared as qualitative data using the Kruskal–Wallis test to see the inter-group significant difference.

Results:
Readings of pulp sensibility revealed non-significant results in all intervals. At 3 and 6 months, 22.3% in the PRF group and 11.15% in collagen group; and at 9 months, 44.4% in PRF group, 33.3% in the collagen group and 22.2% in hydroxyapatite group; and at 12-months, 66.6% in PRF, 44.4% in the collagen group, 33.3% in the hydroxyapatite group and 11.1% in the periapical bleeding group showed a positive response to the cold test. But all groups did not show a positive response to heat and electric pulp testing and showed good PH in all groups at the end of 12 months.

Conclusions:
The presence of sensibility to cold test is indicative of the formation of vital pulp-like tissues, which was the highest in the PRF group, followed by the collagen, hydroxyapatite and periapical bleeding groups.
Comparative Analysis of the Naso/Oropharyngeal Swab and Oral Bio-Fluid (Whole Saliva) Samples for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 using RT-qPCR
Authors: Girish Parmar , Jayasankar Pillai , Abhishek Parmar , Sumeeta Soni , Gunvant Parmar , Shalin Parmar 
Published: November 2021

Context:
The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by the novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and was declared a pandemic disease by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. The nasopharyngeal and the oropharyngeal swabs are being taken during the screening procedure. However, the virus is also present in the oral bio-fluid and hence it could be a potential tool for screening COVID-19 cases.

Aim:
The aim of the present study was to test the accuracy of whole saliva as a diagnostic specimen in COVID-19.

Settings and Design:
This cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted on out-patients visiting the COVID-19 hospital.

Methods and Material:
The whole saliva and the nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal samples from 309 COVID-19 suspected patients were collected and subjected to RT-PCR analysis.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The paired t test was used to compare the measured variables (CT values) between the saliva and the swab samples. The positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), the sensitivity, and the specificity of the tests were calculated for the saliva sample.

Results:
The saliva and swab results revealed a similar result (ties) in 86.73% of the samples. The sensitivity and the specificity between the swab and saliva samples were 40% and 96.85%, respectively. The positive predictive value of the saliva sample was 73.3%.

Conclusions:
The sensitivity of whole saliva when compared to the swab samples is low. Large sample studies are needed to validate the role of saliva as a diagnostic tool in COVID-19.