bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The SARS-CoV-2 main protease Mpro causes microvascular brain pathology by cleaving NEMO in brain endothelial cells
Authors: Wenzel Jan , Lampe Josephine , Müller-Fielitz Helge , Schuster Raphael , Zille Marietta , Müller Kristin , Krohn Markus , Körbelin Jakob , Zhang Linlin , Özorhan Ümit , Neve Vanessa , Wagner Julian U. G. , Bojkova Denisa , Shumliakivska Mariana , Jiang Yun , Fähnrich Anke , Ott Fabian , Sencio Valentin , Robil Cyril , Pfefferle Susanne , Sauve Florent , Coêlho Caio Fernando Ferreira , Franz Jonas , Spiecker Frauke , Lembrich Beate , Binder Sonja , Feller Nina , König Peter , Busch Hauke , Collin Ludovic , Villaseñor Roberto , Jöhren Olaf , Altmeppen Hermann C. , Pasparakis Manolis , Dimmeler Stefanie , Cinatl Jindrich , Püschel Klaus , Zelic Matija , Ofengeim Dimitry , Stadelmann Christine , Trottein François , Nogueiras Ruben , Hilgenfeld Rolf , Glatzel Markus , Prevot Vincent , Schwaninger Markus 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can damage cerebral small vessels and cause neurological symptoms. Here we describe structural changes in cerebral small vessels of patients with COVID-19 and elucidate potential mechanisms underlying the vascular pathology. In brains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected individuals and animal models, we found an increased number of empty basement membrane tubes, so-called string vessels representing remnants of lost capillaries. We obtained evidence that brain endothelial cells are infected and that the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro) cleaves NEMO, the essential modulator of nuclear factor-κB. By ablating NEMO, Mpro induces the death of human brain endothelial cells and the occurrence of string vessels in mice. Deletion of receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK) 3, a mediator of regulated cell death, blocks the vessel rarefaction and disruption of the blood–brain barrier due to NEMO ablation. Importantly, a pharmacological inhibitor of RIPK signaling prevented the Mpro-induced microvascular pathology. Our data suggest RIPK as a potential therapeutic target to treat the neuropathology of COVID-19.
Enhanced photocatalytic and photodynamic activity of chitosan and garlic loaded CdO–TiO2 hybrid bionanomaterials
Authors: Dhanalekshmi K. I. , Magesan P. , Umapathy M. J. , Zhang Xiang , Srinivasan N. , Jayamoorthy K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHerein, the work addresses the synthesis of biomaterials (chitosan and garlic) loaded CdO–TiO2 hybrid nanocomposites for photocatalytic water treatment and photodynamic cancer therapeutic applications that were reported the first time. CdO–TiO2 (CT) nanocomposites were synthesized and loaded with the biomaterials such as chitosan and garlic by simple sol–gel method. The nanomaterials were characterized and the photodegradation of three model pollutants, Methylene blue (MB), Methyl orange (MO) and Rhodamine B (Rh-B) was opted to investigate the efficiency of the synthesized photocatalyst under the solar light. From the results, the garlic-loaded CdO–TiO2 (AS-CT) hybrid nanocomposites exhibit a superior photocatalytic activity than the chitosan-loaded CdO–TiO2 (CS-CT) and CdO–TiO2 (CT) nanocomposites under the irradiation of solar light. Additionally, the cell viability of the synthesized nanocomposites was carried out in HeLa cell lines under different concentrations, light doses and incubation periods using an LED light source. Compared to the CS-CT and CT nanocomposites, an efficient photodynamic activity was achieved in the case of AS-CT hybrid nanocomposites. Actually, the end-use properties required for both processes in AS-CT nanocomposites appear similar due to the presence of organo sulphurus compounds.
Earthworm activity optimized the rhizosphere bacterial community structure and further alleviated the yield loss in continuous cropping lily (Lilium lancifolium Thunb.)
Authors: Lu Yaoxiong , Gao Peng , Wang Yunsheng , Li Wei , Cui Xinwei , Zhou Jiamin , Peng Fuyuan , Dai Liangying 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe soil microbial community plays a vital role in the biogeochemical cycles of bioelements and maintaining healthy soil conditions in agricultural ecosystems. However, how the soil microbial community responds to mitigation measures for continuous cropping obstacles remains largely unknown. Here we examined the impact of quicklime (QL), chemical fungicide (CF), inoculation with earthworm (IE), and a biocontrol agent (BA) on the soil microbial community structure, and the effects toward alleviating crop yield decline in lily. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene from the lily rhizosphere after 3 years of continuous cropping was performed using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The results showed that Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi and Gemmatimonadetes were the dominant bacterial phyla, with a total relative abundance of 86.15–91.59%. On the other hand, Betaproteobacteriales, Rhizobiales, Myxococcales, Gemmatimonadales, Xanthomonadales, and Micropepsales were the dominant orders with a relative abundance of 28.23–37.89%. The hydrogen ion concentration (pH) and available phosphorus (AP) were the key factors affecting the structure and diversity of the bacterial community. The yield of continuous cropping lily with using similar treatments decreased yearly for the leaf blight, but that of IE was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than with the other treatments in the same year, which were 17.9%, 18.54%, and 15.69% higher than that of blank control (CK) over 3 years. In addition, IE significantly (p < 0.05) increased organic matter (OM), available nitrogen (AN), AP, and available potassium (AK) content in the lily rhizosphere soil, optimized the structure and diversity of the rhizosphere bacterial community, and increased the abundance of several beneficial bacterial taxa, including Rhizobiales, Myxococcales, Streptomycetales and Pseudomonadales. Therefore, enriching the number of earthworms in fields could effectively optimize the bacterial community structure of the lily rhizosphere soil, promote the circulation and release in soil nutrients and consequently alleviate the loss of continuous cropping lily yield.
Investigation of age-related facial variation among Angelman syndrome patients
Authors: Agbolade Olalekan , Nazri Azree , Yaakob Razali , Ghani Abdul Azim , Cheah Yoke Kqueen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAngelman syndrome (AS) is one of the common genetic disorders that could emerge either from a 15q11–q13 deletion or paternal uniparental disomy (UPD) or imprinting or UBE3A mutations. AS comes with various behavioral and phenotypic variability, but the acquisition of subjects for experiment and automating the landmarking process to characterize facial morphology for Angelman syndrome variation investigation are common challenges. By automatically detecting and annotating subject faces, we collected 83 landmarks and 10 anthropometric linear distances were measured from 17 selected anatomical landmarks to account for shape variability. Statistical analyses were performed on the extracted data to investigate facial variation in each age group. There is a correspondence in the results achieved by relative warp (RW) of the principal component (PC) and the thin-plate spline (TPS) interpolation. The group is highly discriminated and the pattern of shape variability is higher in children than other groups when judged by the anthropometric measurement and principal component.
Thermally reconfigurable helical shape memory alloy–based metamaterial
Authors: Phon Ratanak , Lee Minjae , Kim Yelim , Iqbal* Shahid , Lim Sungjoon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper presents our investigation and experimental validation of a thermally reconfigurable shape memory alloy (SMA)‐based metamaterial with the offered degree of freedom of SMA mechanical features. The metamaterial unit cell consists of a two‐way helical SMA acting as the resonator element and a cartridge heater for controlling the excitation temperature of the helical SMA. Experimental results of electrical control of the cartridge heater's excitation temperature show that as the temperature increases from room temperature (25°C) to approximately 92°C—corresponding to input DC voltages of 0 and 4 V, respectively—the metamaterial structure acts as a switchable absorber with an absorptivity of 97.2% and a reflector with a reflectivity of 89.4% at 7.13 GHz. Additionally, it deforms to its initial state as the temperature decreases to room temperature.
Modified incremental conductance MPPT algorithm for SPV‐based grid‐tied and stand‐alone systems
Authors: Pathak Pawan Kumar , Padmanaban Sanjeevikumar , Yadav Anil Kumar , Alvi P. A. , Khan Baseem 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper deals with power generation through solar photovoltaic (SPV) system and its implementation as grid‐tied and stand‐alone systems. The major setbacks of SPV system of low conversion efficacy, that can be enhanced through the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm. A modified incremental conductance (MIC), termed as error based incremental conductance MPPT, has been proposed, and its behaviour is comprehensively compared with classical perturb and observe (P&O) and incremental conductance (IC) techniques. Dealing with the on‐grid application of SPV system, maximum power obtained through MIC is fed to a three‐phase grid operating at unity power factor (UPF), and the quality of grid current is monitored. Further, the power obtained through MIC finds its application in designing an SPV‐diesel generator (DG) based hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) for areas either not connected to the grid or have insufficient fossils. The stochastic nature of source or uncertain load demand leads to deviation in system frequency. This paper proposes an intelligent, comprehensive supervisory optimal‐fuzzy‐proportional‐integral‐derivative (O‐F‐PID) controller for load frequency control (LFC). The performance of proposed O‐F‐PID controller has been vividly compared with the designed optimal‐PID (O‐PID) and conventional PID (C‐PID) controllers under varying source and load demand conditions.
A cooperative lane change approach for heterogeneous platoons under different communication topologies
Authors: Nie Guangming , Xie Bo , Lu Huiqiu , Tian Yantao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo improve the platoon's passability and traffic efficiency, a cooperative lane change approach is proposed when the platoon encounters a slow obstacle vehicle ahead in this paper. The algorithm is designed for the heterogeneous platoon, that is, the vehicles are dynamically decoupled and have different parameters. The vehicles in the platoon can have different communication topologies. To complete the lane change process quickly, all vehicles in the platoon perform simultaneously. The approach is mainly divided into two parts: trajectory planning and cooperative control. In the trajectory planning part, combined with the polynomial method and the optimization method, the leading vehicle plans an optimal lane change trajectory according to its own states and the obstacle vehicle's states. A distributed model predictive control algorithm is designed in the cooperative control part to meet the requirement that all vehicles should change lanes simultaneously. Besides, the sufficient conditions to achieve the asymptotic stability are also given, and the simulation results can show the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Developing a situation and threat assessment framework for a next generation roadside animal detection system
Authors: Mohammadi Ahmad , Park Peter Y. , Mukherjee Abir , Liu Xia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCollisions involving large animals are a serious safety, economic and ecological concern. Some North American jurisdictions have installed a roadside animal detection system (RADS) that can warn the possible presence of large animals on rural highway sections. This study provides a conceptual framework for developing a next generation (NG) RADS. This study focuses on developing a process that can estimate the varying levels of threat posed by animals on the roadway using real‐time data on animal and vehicle positions. To estimate the level of threat, the study used a fuzzy rule‐based algorithm that integrates four input indicators (e.g., physical distance between animal and vehicle). The methodology was tested using real‐world traffic and animal data collected from a conventional RADS in British Columbia, Canada. The NG RADS has significant advantages over the conventional RADS. In particular, the NG RADS can disseminate varying levels of warning according to the estimated level of the threat rather than the constant level of warning generated by a conventional RADS. The NG RADS can also use a Vehicle‐to‐Infrastructure communication technology to establish direct wireless communication with vehicles at risk, for instance, to automatically control a vehicle's speed to avoid a collision with a large animal.
A multi‐aperture coupling liquid attenuator
Authors: Yan Dandan , Xing Lei , Xu Qian , Zhang Guoxuan , Zhu Jiajia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA liquid attenuator with multi‐aperture coupling is proposed. It consists of two coupled rectangular waveguide cavities, two transparent containers and pure water. By utilising the multi‐aperture coupling structure, the proposed design achieves large attenuation with good flatness across a wide frequency range. The pure water is employed as the liquid loading to dissipate the energy. Both simulations and measurements have been conducted. It is demonstrated that the proposed attenuator exhibits an attenuation of 59.2 dB with an attenuation flatness of ±0.9 dB from 2.19 to 3.64 GHz (the reflection coefficient is less than −10 dB across the band). Compared with conventional waveguide attenuators, this design provides a wider frequency working range, a more compact size, larger and flatter attenuation and better heat dissipation. It can be a promising candidate for high power applications.
An interleaved high step‐up DC–DC converter with ZVS capability for renewable energy systems applications
Authors: Bagherian Alireza , Nouri Tohid , Shaneh Mahdi , Radmehr Mehdi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, an interleaved zero voltage switching high step‐up converter based on active clamp, coupled inductor (CI), built‐in transformer (BIT), and switched capacitor (SC) is proposed. The main novelty of the proposed converter is that the secondary winding of the CI is inserted between the primary winding of the CI and the primary winding of the BIT. Therefore, the voltage gain can be achieved in proportionate to the multiplication of the turn ratios of the CIs and BIT. The configuration of the proposed converter not only increases the voltage gain, but also reduces the current and voltage stress of the power switches and restricts the input current ripple, which decreases the conduction losses and increases the lifetime of the input source. Also, zero voltage switching turn‐ON and turn‐OFF conditions for all switches are achieved by employing an active clamp configuration. The voltage across the diodes clamped to the output voltage and the reverse recovery problem is reduced due to the leakage inductors. Finally, a 600 W prototype with 24–400 V voltage conversion is built to verify the performance and theoretical analysis.
Bedarfe für körperliche Aktivität bei Pflegebedürftigen in stationären Pflegeeinrichtungen: Leistungsfähigkeit und Sensitivität
Authors: Köppel Maximilian 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDurch den demografischen Wandel wird die Anzahl von Pflegeheimbewohnern in der Zukunft weiter ansteigen. Die Heimbewohner weisen eine extrem niedrige körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit auf, welche durch gezielte bewegungstherapeutische Maßnahmen adressiert werden kann. Insbesondere die konditionellen Fähigkeiten sind auch bei Hochbetagten gut trainierbar. Für die Zukunft müssen die Pflegeheime dringend auf körperliches Training und Bewegungsförderungsmaßnahmen zurückgreifen.
Machine Learning-Based Ultrasound Texture Analysis in Differentiation of Benign Phyllodes Tumors from Borderline-Malignant Phyllodes Tumors
Authors: Basara Akin Isil , Ozgul Hakan Abdullah , Altay Canan , Guray Durak Merih , Aksoy Suleyman Ozkan , Sevinc Ali Ibrahim , Secil Mustafa , Gulmez Hakan , Balci Pinar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose Phyllodes tumors (PTs) are uncommon fibroepithelial breast lesions that are classified as three different forms as benign phyllodes tumor (BPT), borderline phyllodes tumor (BoPT), and malignant phyllodes tumor (MPT). Conventional radiologic methods make only a limited contribution to exact diagnosis, and texture analysis data increase the diagnostic performance. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the contribution of texture analysis of US images (TAUI) of PTs in order to discriminate between BPTs and BoPTs-MPTs.
Methods The number of patients was 63 (41 BPTs, 12 BoPTs, and 10 MPTs). Patients were divided into two groups (Group 1-BPT, Group 2-BoPT/MPT). TAUI with LIFEx software was performed retrospectively. An independent machine learning approach, MATLAB R2020a (Math- Works, Natick, Massachusetts) was used with the dataset with p < 0.004. Two machine learning approaches were used to build prediction models for differentiating between Group 1 and Group 2. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analyses were performed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of statistically significant texture data between phyllodes subgroups.
Results In TAUI, 10 statistically significant second order texture values were identified as significant factors capable of differentiating among the two groups (p < 0.05). Both of the models of our dataset make a diagnostic contribution to the discrimination between BopTs-MPTs and BPTs.
Conclusion In PTs, US is the main diagnostic method. Adding machine learning-based TAUI to conventional US findings can provide optimal diagnosis, thereby helping to choose the correct surgical method. Consequently, decreased local recurrence rates can be achieved.
Prevalence and risk factors of upper gastrointestinal cancers missed during endoscopy: a nationwide registry-based study
Authors: Januszewicz Wladyslaw , Witczak Klaudiusz , Wieszczy Paulina , Socha Magda , Turkot Maryla H. , Wojciechowska Urszula , Didkowska Joanna , Kaminski Michal F. , Regula Jaroslaw 
Published: October 2021

Background A significant proportion of upper gastrointestinal cancers (UGICs) remain undetected during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). We investigated the characteristics and risk factors of UGICs missed during endoscopy.
Methods In this nationwide registry-based study, we analyzed two large Polish datasets (National Health Fund and National Cancer Registry) to identify individuals who underwent EGD and were subsequently diagnosed with UGIC. Cancers diagnosed < 6 months after EGD were defined as “prevalent” and those within ≥ 6– < 36 months as “missed.” We compared the characteristics of missed and prevalent cancers, and analyzed the risk factors for missed UGICs in a multivariable regression model.
Results We included 4 105 399 patients (mean age 56.0 years [SD 17.4]; 57.5 % female) who underwent 5 877 674 EGDs in 2012–2018. Within this cohort, 33 241 UGICs were diagnosed, of which 1993 (6.0 %) were missed. Within esophageal neoplasms, adenocarcinomas were more frequently missed than squamous cell cancers (6.1 % vs. 4.2 %), with a relative risk of 1.4 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.1–1.8, P = 0.01). Most gastric cancers were adenocarcinomas, of which 5.7 % were classified as missed. Overall, a higher proportion of missed UGICs than prevalent cancers presented at an advanced stage (42.2 % vs. 36.2 %, P < 0.001). Risk factors for missed UGICs included initial EGD performed within primary (vs. secondary) care (odds ratio [OR] 1.3, 95 %CI 1.2–1.5), female sex (OR 1.3, 95 %CI 1.2–1.4), and higher comorbidity (Charlson comorbidity index ≥ 5 vs. 0; OR 6.0, 95 %CI 4.7–7.5).
Conclusions Among UGICs, esophageal adenocarcinomas were missed most frequently. Missed cancers occur more frequently within the primary care sector and are found more often in women and individuals with multiple comorbidities.
Determination of a treatment response threshold for the Eosinophilic Esophagitis Endoscopic Reference Score
Authors: Cotton Cary C. , Woosley John T. , Moist Susan E. , McGee Sarah J. , Iuga Alina , Shaheen Nicholas J. , Dellon Evan S. 
Published: October 2021

Background Endoscopic features of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) are measured using the validated EoE Endoscopic Reference Score (EREFS); however, a threshold for treatment response has not been defined. We aimed to determine a cut-point for endoscopic response as measured by EREFS.
Methods We performed a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial comparing budesonide slurry with swallowed fluticasone multidose inhaler for initial treatment of EoE. In the parent trial, EREFS was determined before and after treatment (score range 0–9), as were histologic findings and dysphagia symptoms. We performed tabular, flexible trend, and dependent mixture analyses of measures of treatment response to select the best clinical EREFS threshold.
Results In the 111 included patients (mean age 39 years; 67 % male; 96 % white), an EREFS threshold of ≤ 2 was 80 % sensitive (95 % confidence interval [CI] 69 % to 88 %) and 83 % specific (95 %CI 67 % to 94 %) for histologic response (peak of < 15 eosinophils per high-power field). Flexible trend analysis and dependent mixture modeling similarly suggested that a threshold of ≤ 2 best captured the correlation of EREFS with histologic and symptomatic measures. Dependent mixture modeling found near-total membership in the response class at EREFS of 0 or 1 and > 75 % at EREFS of 2 or 3.
Conclusions An EREFS of ≤ 2 was the best clinical threshold for endoscopic response to topical steroid treatment, and was consistent with clinical and histologic response. Therefore, future studies can report a binary outcome of endoscopic response when EREFS is 2 or less.
Mechanistic Investigations on Microbial Type I Terpene Synthases through Site-Directed Mutagenesis
Authors: Dickschat Jeroen S. , Xu Houchao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDuring the past three decades many terpene synthases have been characterised from all kingdoms of life. Enzymes of type I, from bacteria, fungi and protists, commonly exhibit several highly conserved motifs and single residues, and the available crystal structures show a shared α-helical fold, while the overall sequence identity is generally low. Several enzymes have been studied by site-directed mutagenesis, giving valuable insights into terpene synthase catalysis and the intriguing mechanisms of terpene synthases. Some mutants are also preparatively useful and give higher yields than the wild type or a different product that is otherwise difficult to access. The accumulated knowledge obtained from these studies is presented and discussed in this review.1	Introduction2	Residues for Substrate Binding and Catalysis3	Residues with Structural Function4	Residues Contouring the Active Site Cavity5	Other Residues6	Conclusions
Hypervalent Bromine(III) Compounds: Synthesis, Applications, Prospects
Authors: Winterson Bethan , Patra Tuhin , Wirth Thomas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHypervalent compounds play a prominent role in homogeneous oxidation catalysis. Despite the higher reactivity of hypervalent bromine compounds when compared to their isoelectronic iodine analogues, the corresponding λ3-bromanes are much less explored. This can be attributed to the discernible lack of convenient strategies for their synthesis. This short review highlights the available methods for the synthesis of various organo-λ3-bromanes, with a major focus on the recent developments and reactivities in the last few years. Additionally, limitations and future prospects of hypervalent bromine chemistry are discussed.1	Introduction2	Diaryl-λ3-bromanes3	Dialkyl-λ3-bromanes4	Dihetero-λ3-bromanes5	Alkenyl-λ3-bromanes6	Alkynyl-λ3-bromanes7	Conclusion and Prospects