bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased Local Inflammatory Response to MOC31PE Immunotoxin After Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy
Authors: Thorgersen Ebbe Billmann , Asvall Jørund , Frøysnes Ida Storhaug , Schjalm Camilla , Larsen Stein Gunnar , Dueland Svein , Andersson Yvonne , Fodstad Øystein , Mollnes Tom Eirik , Flatmark Kjersti 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Despite extensive cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC), most patients with resectable peritoneal metastases from colorectal cancer experience disease relapse. MOC31PE immunotoxin is being explored as a novel treatment option for these patients. MOC31PE targets the cancer-associated epithelial cell adhesion molecule, and kills cancer cells by distinct mechanisms, simultaneously causing immune activation by induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD).

Methods
Systemic and local cytokine responses were analyzed in serum and intraperitoneal fluid samples collected the first three postoperative days from clinically comparable patients undergoing CRS-HIPEC with (n = 12) or without (n = 26) intraperitoneal instillation of MOC31PE. A broad panel of 27 pro- and antiinflammatory interleukins, chemokines, interferons, and growth factors was analyzed using multiplex technology.

Results
The time course and magnitude of the systemic and local postoperative cytokine response after CRS-HIPEC were highly compartmentalized, with modest systemic responses contrasting substantial intraperitoneal responses. Administration of MOC31PE resulted in changes that were broader and of higher magnitude compared with CRS-HIPEC alone. Significantly increased levels of innate proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) as well as an interesting time response curve for the strong T-cell stimulator interferon (IFN)-γ and its associated chemokine interferon gamma-induced protein/chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (IP-10) were detected, all associated with ICD.

Conclusions
Our study revealed a predominately local rather than systemic inflammatory response to CRS-HIPEC, which was strongly enhanced by MOC31PE treatment. The MOC31PE-induced intraperitoneal inflammatory reaction could contribute to improve remnant cancer cell killing, but the mechanisms remain to be elucidated in future studies.
Πανδημία και Παιδεία
Authors: Ράπτης Αριστοτέλης 
Published: May 2021

Στόχος της παρούσας εισήγησης είναι η κριτική αποτίμηση της γενικότερης κατάστασης στην Εκπαίδευση με αφορμή τα μαθήματα που πήραμε από την υγειονομική κρίση, καθώς και η ανάδειξη ορισμένων πτυχών του νέου νομοσχεδίου, που σχετίζονται με την διαχείριση του προβλήματος της επαγγελματικής ενδυνάμωσης και της ανάπτυξης του παιδαγωγικού ρόλου των εκπαιδευτικών.
Φιλόλογοι στις επάλξεις των διαδικτυακών μαθημάτων: Πρώτες διαπιστώσεις και προτάσεις για ένα πληθοποριστικό μοντέλο Εκπαιδευτικής Διαχείρισης των ψηφιακών εργαλείων
Authors: Ξέστερνου Μαρία 
Published: May 2021

Η αιφνίδια αλλαγή της εκπαιδευτικής πρακτικής «στην εποχή του κορωνοϊού» ανέδειξε στην ομάδα των φιλολόγων τις βασικές ελλείψεις και αμφιλεγόμενες αντιλήψεις για το ρόλο των νέων τεχνολογιών στην εκπαίδευση ενώ παράλληλα, μετέτρεψε φιλότιμα την εκπαιδευτική ανάγκη σε ενεργό διαδικτυακή διδασκαλία. Η καταγραφή καλών πρακτικών κατά την τρίμηνη εκπαιδευτική εξ αποστάσεως διαδικασία, η συλλογή βασικών θεματικών ερωτημάτων που διατυπώθηκαν στην εκπαιδευτική κοινότητα με αφορμή την εκπαιδευτική πράξη, οι πρώτες εντυπώσεις και διαπιστώσεις από την πρόσφατη εμπειρία κρίνονται ουσιώδους σημασίας για τη χάραξη του σχολείου του μέλλοντος. Η συλλογή πληροφοριών έγινε με επισκόπηση μελετών περίπτωσης και με τη μέθοδο της ποιοτικής, ημιδομημένης συνέντευξης εις βάθος. Η έρευνα κατέδειξε τις εστίες ενδιαφέροντος και την ανάγκη δημιουργίας μίας πληθοποριστικής επιστημονικά υποστηριζόμενης συνεργατικής πλατφόρμας που θα αξιοποιεί την εμπειρία των πληθοποριστών της για να «απαντά» σε αναζητήσεις κατάλληλων ψηφιακών εργαλείων, επιλογών γνωστικού περιεχομένου και μεθοδολογιών μαθησιακής πρακτικής. Περιγράφονται οι αρχές μελέτης αυτής της πρότασης σε θεωρητικό πλαίσιο και σε επιμέρους πεδία σχεδιασμού.
Η ανακάλυψη του «Ψηφιακού Τροχού» στην εποχή του Κορωναϊού. Τι μέλλει γενέσθαι;
Authors: Κλουβάτος Κωνσταντίνος 
Published: May 2021

Στην παρούσα εισήγηση εξετάζουμε το φαινόμενο που πολλοί αποδίδουν στον Κορωναϊό, ότι ο αναγκαστικός εγκλεισμός προκάλεσε μια «βίαιη» αλλά χρήσιμη για το μέλλον «επανάσταση» στο πεδίο της εξ αποστάσεως επικοινωνίας, διδασκαλίας και μάθησης. Αρχικά επιχειρείται η κριτική παρουσίαση της προϋπάρχουσας κατάστασης: επίπεδο διείσδυσης των ΤΠΕ και της εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευσης στο σχολείο και προσανατολισμός της εκπαιδευτικής πολιτικής ως προς το ζήτημα αυτό. Εστιάζουμε στις σημαντικότερες ψηφιακές υποστηρικτικές υποδομές της πρωτοβάθμιας και δευτεροβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης, στον τεχνολογικό εξοπλισμό των σχολείων και την τεχνογνωσία των εκπαιδευτικών, καθώς και σε συγκεκριμένα παραδείγματα καινοτόμων πρακτικών εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευσης και αξιοποίησης της τεχνολογίας στην τάξη. Στη συνέχεια εξετάζεται η εξέλιξη των παραπάνω την περίοδο του πρώτου κύματος της πανδημίας και η δυναμική που διαμορφώθηκε. Τέλος, με βάση τις υφιστάμενες συνθήκες και τη δυναμική που έχει διαμορφωθεί, επιχειρείται η προβολή των τάσεων και προοπτικών που διανοίγονται για τη μετάβαση στις μελλοντικές συνθήκες εκπαίδευσης.
Determinants of retention strategies and sustainable performance of academic staff of government-owned universities in Nigeria
Authors: Salau Odunayo , Worlu Rowland , Osibanjo Adewale , Adeniji Anthonia , Atolagbe Tolulope , Salau Jumoke 
Published: May 2021

Background: Retention of academic staff is gaining the attention of various educational stakeholders in many developing countries like Nigeria. However, there is little extant literature on how various determinants and risk factors affect retention strategies and sustainable performance of academic staff of government owned universities in Nigeria. Consequently, this paper showed the direct relationships between retention strategies and sustainable performance. Methods: Copies of the designed questionnaire were distributed to members of the academic staff ranging from the Professors to Graduate Assistants of the selected state-owned Universities in Southern Nigeria. Statistical analysis for the study included descriptive measures, measurement and structural models. Results: The determinants of retention strategies had significant impacts on the sustainable performance of academic staff at r = 0.660 (p < 0.05) and r = 0.558 (p < 0.05), respectively. A direct relationship was also established between academic retention and sustainable performance of staff in the selected universities (r = 0.187, p < 0.05). This implies that the 48.3% variance in sustainable performance is explained by the level of determinants/risk factors and retention of academic staff in the selected universities. Conclusions: The study concludes that adequate funding provides Nigerian universities with the opportunity to meet the needs of the growing population and to match other top universities elsewhere in the development of vital highly skilled manpower, research and innovations, which are the tools for sustainable performance.
First draft genome assembly of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria
Authors: Verlinden Heleen , Sterck Lieven , Li Jia , Li Zhen , Yssel Anna , Gansemans Yannick , Verdonck Rik , Holtof Michiel , Song Hojun , Behmer Spencer T. , Sword Gregory A. , Matheson Tom , Ott Swidbert R. , Deforce Dieter , Van Nieuwerburgh Filip , Van de Peer Yves , Vanden Broeck Jozef 
Published: May 2021

Background: At the time of publication, the most devastating desert locust crisis in decades is affecting East Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and South-West Asia. The situation is extremely alarming in East Africa, where Kenya, Ethiopia and Somalia face an unprecedented threat to food security and livelihoods. Most of the time, however, locusts do not occur in swarms, but live as relatively harmless solitary insects. The phenotypically distinct solitarious and gregarious locust phases differ markedly in many aspects of behaviour, physiology and morphology, making them an excellent model to study how environmental factors shape behaviour and development. A better understanding of the extreme phenotypic plasticity in desert locusts will offer new, more environmentally sustainable ways of fighting devastating swarms. Methods: High molecular weight DNA derived from two adult males was used for Mate Pair and Paired End Illumina sequencing and PacBio sequencing. A reliable reference genome of Schistocerca gregaria was assembled using the ABySS pipeline, scaffolding was improved using LINKS. Results: In total, 1,316 Gb Illumina reads and 112 Gb PacBio reads were produced and assembled. The resulting draft genome consists of 8,817,834,205 bp organised in 955,015 scaffolds with an N50 of 157,705 bp, making the desert locust genome the largest insect genome sequenced and assembled to date. In total, 18,815 protein-encoding genes are predicted in the desert locust genome, of which 13,646 (72.53%) obtained at least one functional assignment based on similarity to known proteins. Conclusions: The desert locust genome data will contribute greatly to studies of phenotypic plasticity, physiology, neurobiology, molecular ecology, evolutionary genetics and comparative genomics, and will promote the desert locust’s use as a model system. The data will also facilitate the development of novel, more sustainable strategies for preventing or combating swarms of these infamous insects.
Worldviews of science teachers in educational-technological context as a key factor in digitalization of teaching practices
Authors: Tsybulsky Dina , Muchnik-Rozanov Yulia 
Published: May 2021

Background:This research deals with science teachers' worldviews in the educational-technological context. Obtaining a deeper insight into teachers' discourse regarding school digitalization and understanding teachers' worldviews in the educational-technological context may be viewed as crucially important since the latter tends to play a central role in the process of digitalization of teaching practices.Methods:This study addresses the following questions: (1) Was there a difference between the teachers regarding their foci of attention expressed via personal pronouns? (2) Was there a difference between the teachers in terms of the quality and degree of their emotional immersion in the discussed topic expressed through the use of emotion words? (3) What are the semantic fields of the word clusters that include the lexemes technology and digital, and do they implicitly convey differences in teachers' understanding of school digitalization? The data were extracted by means of in-depth interviews with 38 Israeli science teachers. The linguistic analysis was employed to examine teachers' language behavior.Results:The results point out the differences in teachers' worldviews, manifested through language behavior. In particular, the differences between the three groups of teachers (outside observers, circumspect participants, and conscientious participants) were found regarding their foci of attention, the level of emotional immersion, and their implicitly conveyed understanding of the digitalization of teaching practices.Conclusions:The teachers' worldviews are the key element for understanding what it means to be or not to be a teacher in a digital society. In addition, our study demonstrates that linguistic analysis in educational research is a promising methodological approach that can render an in-depth and comprehensive picture of the explored phenomenon.
Influence of hybrid assistive limb gait training on spatial muscle activation patterns in spinal muscular atrophy type III
Authors: Nishikawa Yuichi , Watanabe Kohei , Orita Naoya , Maeda Noriaki , Kimura Hiroaki , Tanaka Shinobu , Hyngstrom Allison 
Published: May 2021

Background: Despite the potential benefits, the effects of Hybrid Assistive Limb (HAL) gait training on changes in neuromuscular activation that accompany functional gains in individuals with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type III is not well known. In this article, we quantify the effects of HAL gait training on spatial muscle activity patterns in a patient with SMA type III using multi-channel surface electromyography (SEMG). Methods: A 21-years old male (168 cm, 47.8 kg) with spinal muscular atrophy type III, when diagnosed at 18-years old by genetic screening, participated in this case study. Although he presented with forearm distal muscle weakness, atrophy of the intrinsic muscles of the hand, and neuromuscular fatigue, his activities of daily living is independent. The patient underwent a separate, single 33-minute session of both HAL and treadmill gait training. To evaluate the coefficient of variation (CoV) of force and alterations in the SEMG spatial distribution patterns, modified entropy and CoV of root mean square (RMS) were calculated from the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle before and after the intervention of HAL and treadmill gait training. Each training session was separated by a period of one month to avoid cross-over effects. Results: There was a greater decrease in the ΔCoV of force and an increase in the magnitude of whole VL muscle activation from pre-intervention to post-intervention with the HAL gait training as compared to the treadmill gait training. In response to only HAL gait training, the CoV of RMS was higher, and the modified entropy was lower post-intervention than pre-intervention. Conclusions: Our results support the notion that HAL gait training has a positive benefit on motor output not only in the magnitude of SEMG generated but also the patterns of neural activation.
Stage 1 Registered Report: Testing mediumship accuracy with a triple-blind protocol
Authors: Tressoldi Patrizio E. , Sinesio Fernando , Liberale Laura , Testoni Ines 
Published: May 2021

Even if mediumship is a practice that probably originated at the outset of human history and is embedded in many cultural and religious traditions, scientific investigations into mediumship are quite recent. In this study, we aim to investigate if self-defined mediums can retrieve information about specific deceased persons in an unconventional way, that is, without retrieving the information from the parents or friends of the deceased person or by other conventional means. To our knowledge, this is the first registered report related to this phenomenon. Our experimental design will be triple-blinded: the mediums and their interviewer will only know the first name of the deceased person and of the requesting person. The parents or the close friends of the deceased person will not interact in any way with the medium. Furthermore, they will be blind about which of two lists of information (readings) paired with deceased persons of the same gender is related to their parents or friend. Accuracy of information will be analysed by three criteria: (1) percentage of correct identification of the readings related to the requested person; (2) comparison of the global scores (on a scale 1 to 6) assigned to the intended readings with that of control readings; and (3) comparison of the difference between the percentage of correct minus incorrect information identified in the intended readings with that of the control readings.
COVID-19 associated spontaneous barotrauma: a literature review
Authors: Rehmani Razia , Salazar Juan , Sharma Shorabh , Cisneros Oscar , Arias-Morales Carlos E. 
Published: May 2021

Reports of spontaneous pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum as a complication of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have been increasing. COVID-19 causes inflammatory disease mainly affecting the respiratory system. Severity varies from asymptomatic pulmonary findings on imaging to acute respiratory distress syndrome along with pleural effusions, consolidations and spontaneous pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax. The aim of this paper was to review the literature to explore the association between pneumomediastinum/pneumothorax and COVID-19 respiratory disease, both in patients on ventilators and without ventilators, on a spontaneous basis. To this end, we conducted a comprehensive online literature search using PubMed for articles published with the key words of ‘spontaneous pneumothorax’, ‘pneumomediastinum’ and ‘COVID-19’. Further references were obtained through cross-referencing the bibliographies cited in each publication. We found that spontaneous barotrauma is one of the complications associated with COVID-19 infection and has been observed in patients with and without mechanical ventilation. The process of pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax development is not well understood, especially in patients without underlying lung disease or on mechanical ventilation. We identified various factors that predispose to barotrauma. First, the direct infection of the Type I and Type II pneumocytes by the virus. Second, the pressure gradient between the alveoli and the pulmonary interstitium. Finally, barotrauma can occur secondary to the severe inflammatory response from the COVID-19-related cytokine storm. These conditions are all associated with severe alveolar damage and rupture of the alveolar wall that can produce pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax, both in mechanically ventilated patients and non-ventilated patients. COVID-19 is associated complications result in prolonged mechanical ventilation and length of stay, as well as overall increase in morbidity and mortality. Spontaneous pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum are two serious complications. Education regarding the adjustment of ventilation settlings in the ventilator-dependent COVID-19 patient may perhaps offset the iatrogenic component of barotrauma seen in some such patients.
Simple statistical insights into the COVID-19 data of Saudi Arabia: figures prior to vaccination campaign
Authors: El-Masry Omar S. 
Published: May 2021

Background: COVID-19, the disease caused by the newly emerging coronavirus, SARS-COV2, is still a major health burden worldwide as it continues to spread rapidly in many countries after being contained for a while. The aim of the study was to analyze the official current disease estimates in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to anticipate future risks and needs. Methods: Publicly available COVID-19 data published by the Saudi Ministry of Health were analyzed to extract statistical estimates of the disease. These include monthly case fatality rates, death rates/1000, comparison of death figures and regression analysis. Results: The number of confirmed, recovered and deaths surged in the middle of the outbreak (June and July). The case fatality rates reported later in September-November were the highest despite the decline in the number of confirmed cases. The death rates/1000 were higher during the middle of the outbreak, where the highest numbers of deaths were recorded. The number of recovered cases was the highest as well during this time. Regression analysis showed that the number of deaths was related to that of confirmed cases, especially during the peak time. On the other hand, the number of recovered cases was related to that of confirmed cases at the beginning of the outbreak. Conclusion: Statistical estimates of COVID-19 fatalities provide simple figures to understand the disease progression pattern and the health care management success in disease containment. However, the absolute numbers should never be disregarded to reflect on the real situation.
Embodying an artificial hand increases blood flow to the investigated limb
Authors: Di Pino Giovanni , Mioli Alessandro , Altamura Claudia , D'Alonzo Marco 
Published: May 2021

Background: The autonomic nervous system is the main determinant of the blood flow directed towards a body part, and it is tightly connected to the representation of the body in the brain; would the experimental modulation of the sense of ownership of the limb affect its blood perfusion? Methods: In healthy participants, we employed the rubber hand illusion paradigm to modulate limb ownership while we monitored the brachial artery blood flow and resistance of the investigated limb. Results: In all conditions with brush-stroking, we found an initial drop in the blood flow due to tactile stimulation. Subsequently, in the illusion condition where both the rubber and real hand experience synchronous brush-stroking, the blood flow rose significantly faster and reached significantly higher values. Moreover, the increase in blood flow correlated to the embodiment level measured by questionnaires and, negatively, to the change of peripherical vascular resistance. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that modulating the representation of a body part impacts its blood perfusion.
Launching the Tree of Life Gateway
Authors: Threlfall Jonathan , Blaxter Mark 
Published: May 2021

The Tree of Life Gateway uses Genome Note publications to announce the completion of genomes assembled by the Tree of Life programme, based at the Wellcome Sanger Institute and involving numerous partner organisations and institutes. Tree of Life participates in the Darwin Tree of Life Project, which aims to sequence the genomes of all 70,000+ eukaryotic species in the Atlantic archipelago of Britain and Ireland, the Aquatic Symbiosis Genomics Project, which will sequence 1000 species involved in 500 symbioses between eukaryotic hosts and their microbial 'cobionts', and other initiatives, such as the Vertebrate Genome Project. These Genome Notes report the origins of ethically sourced samples used for sequencing, give the methods used to generate the sequence and use statistics and interactive figures to demonstrate the quality of the genome sequences. In addition to describing the production of these sequences, each Genome Note gives citeable credit to those who participated in producing the genome assembly and announces the availability of the data for reuse by all. It is through the use and reuse of this openly and publicly released data that we hope effective and lasting solutions to the ongoing biodiversity crisis can be found.
INTERPRETAÇÃO HISTORIOGRÁFICA ACERCA DA TRANSIÇÃO DO PENSAMENTO MEDIEVAL PARA A CIÊNCIA MODERNA: UM ESTUDO EM DESENVOLVIMENTO SOBRE A FILOSOFIA CARTESIANA
Authors: Ramos José Portugal dos Santos 
Published: May 2021

RESUMO: Este artigo tem por objetivo mostrar o percurso acadêmico (2008-2020) do Prof. Dr. José Portugal dos Santos Ramos, explicitando os principais marcos de sua formação filosófica e científica: o parâmetro historiográfico e os recentes interesses pela investigação de temas cartesianos ligados a filosofia da ciência. Tais marcos são ressaltados a partir de suas contribuições como membro do NEF/UEFS.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Filosofia, Ciência, Descartes, Pesquisa.ABSTRACT: This article aims to show the academic path (2008-2020) of Prof. Dr. José Portugal dos Santos Ramos, explaining the main milestones of his philosophical and scientific formation: the historiographic parameter of the research and the recent interests in the investigation of Cartesian themes related to the philosophy of science. Such milestones are highlighted from your contributions as a NEF/UEFS member.KEYWORDS: Philosophy, Science, Descartes e Research.
QUAL É O REALISMO CIENTÍFICO DE NANCY CARTWRIGHT?
Authors: Oliveira Tiago Luís Teixeira 
Published: May 2021

O realismo de entidades de Cartwright é muitas vezes considerado apenas uma instância do realismo de entidades de Ian Hacking (1983). Por essa razão, muitos críticos ou falham em avaliar o realismo de Cartwright ou sinceramente endereçam sua crítica apenas ao ponto de vista de Hacking. O objetivo deste artigo é dar uma descrição detalhada do realismo próprio de Cartwright, tal qual apresentado em seu How the laws of physics lie (1983). Na primeira seção, tento expor os argumentos de Cartwright para a falsidade das leis fundamentais. A segunda seção é devotada à preferência da autora por inferências causais em relação a explicações do modelo nomológico-dedutivo (N-D) no que diz respeito à produção de relatos verdadeiros. Como conclusão, indicarei alguns problemas levantados contra o realismo da autora.