bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Climate Change on the Distribution of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Iraq
Authors: Al-Obaidi Mohammed J. , Ali Hayder B. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Phlebotomus papatasi sand fly is the main vector of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ZCL) in Iraq. The aim of this study was to assess and predict the effects of climate change on the distribution of the cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) cases and the main vector presently and in the future. Data of the CL cases were collected for the period (2000-2018) in addition to sand fly (SF) abundance. Geographic information system, R studio and MaxEnt (Maximum entropy niche model) software were used for analysis and predict effect of (elevation, population, Bio1-19, and Bio28-35) on CL cases distribution and SF occurrence. HadGEM2-ES model with two climate change scenarios, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 were used for future projections 2050. The results showed that the CL case trend was increased over the period (2000-2018) with highest peak observed in 2017. Incidence rate for same period was varied and increased. Near perfect crimination (SF as vector) led to high predictive performance of the model in 2050. The study concluded that the climate conditions are the major determinants of ZCL distribution and SF occurrence. Habitats suitability for the ZCL and SF will be stay in the future comparing with the current conditions. Evaluation of the effect of environmental conditions and bioclimatic factors on ZCL distribution and SF occurrence may provide a guide for CL prevention and control programmers.
A Proactive Model for Optimizing Swarm Search Algorithms for Intrusion Detection System
Authors: Alkafagi Salam Saad , Almuttairi Rafah M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a novel a Proactive model for Swarm Optimization for feature selection (PMSO) of intrusion detection system. The proposed model potentially enhances the search process and initial value of population for swarm optimization algorithms. The swarm optimization often suffering from falling in a local optimum, one of the main causes of this problem is the initial value of the population. Our proposed model is applied with the aim to address these challenges by restarting generate the population when system sensed the search process go forward stagnation. This process will give high exploration and reduce the probability of Stagnation in local optima. Benchmark datasets, namely, NSL-KDD datasets is used to demonstrate and validate the performance of the proposed model for intrusion detection. Experimentally, the machine learning accuracy has provided better classification results with proposed system (%2) than swarm optimization (Particle Swarm Optimization and Bat Algorithm).
In Vitro and in Vivo Measurements of ROS Scavenging Activity and White Blood Cells Activity by Chemiluminescence of a New Selena-Diazole Derivative Compare to Dipyrone Activity
Authors: Neamah Nadheerah Falih , Naaeem Khudair Abdul-Razzak , Al-Jadaan Shaker A. N. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Reactive oxygen species ROS scavenging activity of whole Blood and White Blood Cells were measured. The estimation depends on the principle of luminol oxidation by ROS produced during phagocytosis. The study aimed to evaluate ROS production of Whole Blood and WBCs activity. CL measured using Luminol-dependent CL reader, and the recording system is Scaler Time ST7. The female rats in four groups received T and/or Di, or received only 2mL of DW for 30 days. CL Invitro antioxidant activity the result exhibited T&Di group was significant reduction in CL. Invivo CL of T group CL activity of whole blood was significant elevated CL than all groups. While T&Di group CL activity was reduced essentially than T, Di group; Functional WBC/100cells invitro CL activity of T&Di decreased significantly than DW CL while the Di, and T groups had no important changed than DW group WBCs CL activity. The results of WBCs invivo CL were T&Di activity was significantly higher than DW activity. Also, in Di the CL activity of WBCs significantly elevated than DW. While T the WBC activity showed non-significant alteration with DW. It was concluded that T compound had a potent ROS scavenging activity with reduced WBCs activity.
Schultz and Modified Schultz Polynomials for Edge – Identification Chain and Ring – for Pentagon and Hexagon Graphs
Authors: Abdullah Mahmood M. , Ali Ahmed M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In a connected graph G, the distance function between each pair of two vertices from a set vertex V(G) is a shortest distance between them and the vertex degree v, deg
v, is the number of edges which are incident to the vertex v. The Schultz and modified Schultz polynomials of G are have defined as :Sc(G; x) = ∑( deg
v + deg
u) x

d
(u, v) and Sc ∗ (G; x) = ∑ (deg
v. deg
u) x

d
(u, v), respectively, where the summations are taken over all unordered pairs of distinct vertices in V(G) and d(u, v) is the distance between u and v in V(G). We shall find the general forms of Schultz and modified Schultz polynomials and indices of the edge – identification chain and ring – pentagon and hexagon graphs in the present work.
Fréchet Spaces via Fuzzy Structures
Authors: Jasim Ahmad Ghanawi , Al-Nafie Z. D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The concept of fuzzy Fréchet space Z introduced in two equivalent ways, the first way when Z considered as a fuzzy F − locally convex topological vector space and the second one when Z defined as a complete fuzzy topological vector space whose fuzzy topology generated by a countable separating collection of fuzzy seminorms. Moreover, many classes of continuous mappings between these spaces are established and specified that the class of continuous, strongly continuous and sequentially continuous mappings between these spaces are equivalent.
Annihilator large-superfluous submodules
Authors: Abbas M. S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate certain class of submodules which contains that of superfluous submodules. A submodule W of an R-module M is annihilator large-superfluous, if ℓS(V) ≠ 0 implies that W + V ≠ M where V is a large in M and S = End R(M). Several properties and characterizations of such submodules are consider. For α∈ S, we study under what conditions the image of α, Im(α) being annihilator large – superfluous submodule in M. We show that WS(M) = { α∈ S │Im(α) is annihilator large-superfluous in M } equal to { α∈ S │ lm(α) is large-superfluous } under certain class of projectivity. The sum ER (M) of all such submodules of M contains Je(M) and Zs(M). If M is cyclic, then ER(M) is the unique largest annihilator large-superfluous in M. MSC (2010): Primary: 16010; Secondary 16080.
Robust Encryption System Based Watermarking Theory by Using Chaotic Algorithms: A Reviewer Paper
Authors: Al-Asady Heba Abdul-Jaleel , Al-Thahab Osama Qasim Jumah , Hreshee Saad S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the previous decade, the mixing between chaotic supposition and cryptography frames considers a significant field of data security. Chaos-based image encryption is given a lot of attention in the exploration of data security moreover a great deal of picture encrypting calculations have been proposed concerning chaotic maps. Because of some inveterate highlights of media like information limit and high information excess, the encryption of images not quite the same as that of texts; accordingly it is hard to deal with them by conventional encryption strategies. This paper presents a short review of robust digital watermarking systems that used chaotic algorithms such as Logistic, Tent, Baker, Hyper, Fibonacci, and Arnold maps for encryption of the data presented in several years.
An Analysis of Multiple Variance for The Multivariate Split-Block Design
Authors: Razzaq Swadi Khawla Abdul 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper studies an important type of multi-factor experiments designs called (Split-Blocks experiment Design). And we’re going to use the orthogonal matrix to convert the observation matrix. Also, we study the analysis of variance for the Multivariate split-Blocks design. And we discuss the test statistics for Lawley-Hotelling test, Roy’s Union-Intersection test and Walks, Lambda test.
A New Version of the Exponentiated Burr X distribution
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed T. , Khaleel Mundher A. , Oguntunde Pelumi E. , Abdal-Hammed Moudher Kh. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A new version of the Exponentiated Burr X (EBX) distribution was introduced and studied in this paper. The method of Nadarajah and Kotz (2006) that was based on Gupta et al., (1998) proposition was used. Mathematical and statistical properties of the EBX distribution such as the limit behaviour, quantile function, moments, moment generating function, entropy and order statistics were explicitly derived. Further, the maximum likelihood estimators of the model parameters were obtained. These estimators were employed in a simulation study using varying sample sizes and true parameter values to assess the performance of this distribution. Application to real data set shows that the EBX distribution has a good model fitting capacity using several selection statistical criteria
Petrophysical Properties of Euphrates, Bajwan, Jribe and Dihban Formations at Iraqi Gas Reservoir, in the north of Iraq
Authors: Taha AlKanaani Nuhad Abdul_Sada 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Petrophysical Properties of Euphrates, Bajwan, Jribe, and Dihban Formations at Iraqi Gas Reservoir is distinguished from data interpretation of Open Hole Logs recorded in the field. A calculations were made for the total porosity (effective), secondary porosity, volume of shale and hydrocarbon saturation, water saturation (both moveable and non-movable in invaded zone and non-invaded zone beside). Some Interpretation and cross plots are done by Interactive Petrophysics (IP) software. The Interpretation also includes determination of Volume of Clay and Saturation of Water (Sw) by different Methods. It is concluded that dihban is cap rock, while the formations have good reservoir characteristics as it provided from log analysis.
Micro-generalized Pre-minimal closed sets in Micro-topological spaces
Authors: Mohsen Saja S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A desired outcome in this notepaper is to describe exactly the definitions and devotion study in a new category of things having some property of sets named micro-generalized pre-closed and micro-generalized pre-minimal closed in micro-topological spaces. Some fundamental properties of Micro-generalized pre-closed sets and micro-generalized pre-minimal closed are also researched.
Computation Offloading in the Internet of Connected Vehicles: A Systematic Literature Survey
Authors: Abdullah Dhuha Basheer , Mohammed Hesham Hashim 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, there is a rapid development in vehicles world. Vehicles are equipped with smart systems as well as infotainment applications. But such systems consume vehicles’ computation or storage capacity. However, when the vehicle encounters a computation and/storage hungery applications or near real time applications that need high Quality of experience (QoE), it must offload it, either partially or entirely, to a more powerful and resourceful entity. At the beginnings this entity was a remote cloud. Although clouds are powerful in terms of computation and storage capacities, the process of task offloading to a remote cloud consumes the network bandwidth, which is not suitable to delay sensitive applications. As a solution, researchers propose to use cloudlets as third entity closer to the network edge. This will make the offloading much faster, but unfortunately due to the fact that cloudlets less computation and storage capacity than clouds, offloading will cause resource starvation. These factors motivate the appearance of Vehicular Cloud Computing (VCC). VCC proposes collecting the on-board units of multiple vehicles to form an on-ground cloud. This allows vehicles to offload their computational task to other vehicles in the vicinity. In this paper, we first provide a summery on concepts that are related to edge computing and task offloading process, and then we review a set of papers that use different approaches to execute computation offloading and scheduling.
The Entropy Transformed Rayleigh Distribution: Properties and Applications
Authors: Wahid Aziz Ahmed Abdul , Husain Qasim N. , Ahmed Mohamed T. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a new one-parameter continuous model, called the T-Rayleigh distribution which is obtained by applying transform of entropy, the new function was investigated and found to meet the conditions of the probability function. Some mathematical properties of this distribution, such as density function, cumulative function, moments, moment generating function, mode, median, skewness, kurtosis, Shannon and Renyi entropy are derived. The model parameter is estimated by the maximum likelihood method. Finally, we illustrated the importance of this model by the means of three different real data sets, we conclude that the new model performs better than the original Rayleigh distribution, via the three applications.
Anti-Corrosive Substance as Green Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in Saline and Acidic Media
Authors: Al-Mashhadani Haider Abdulkareem , Alshujery Mohannd Kadhim , Khazaal Fatma A. , Salman Ali M. , Kadhim Mustafa M. , Abbas Zaid M. , Farag Sajad K. , Hussien Hasan Fadhil 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Ficus (FIC) leaf extract used as corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel alloy (C.S) in two corrosive environments (saline and acidic) with four concentrations (1, 2, 3 and 4 ppm) at varied temperature range between (298-328 K) using electrochemical polarization measurements. The importance of this work focused on the use the green chemistry that is far from the chemical materials effect. The results of polarization presented the FIC inhibitor consider a mixed type (anodic and cathodic) inhibitor. Tafel curve used to evaluate the corrosion inhibition activity. In a saline medium, the best inhibitor efficiency reaches to (87%) in 2 ppm and IE% reach to (99%) for HCl medium inhibited by 1ppm. Langmuir isotherm obeys the study by thermodynamic parameters and confirms the physical adsorption.
Environment-Induced Effects on The Nonlinear Refractive Index of Methyl Orange at Different Spectral Regions
Authors: Majeed Hassan A. , Sharba Ahmed. B. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The current study investigates the effects of solvent on the linear absorption and nonlinear refraction n

2
of Methyl orange dye at different spectral regions. The study shows that the effects of the solvent depend on the excitation wavelength. The peak value of the dye absorbance is similar in water and ethanol. However, the properties of water lead to shift the absorption curve to the short wavelengths side. At wavelengths located outside the resonance band, the dye dissolved in ethanol shows almost identical nonlinear response. This response is lower than that at wavelength within the resonance band. The behaviour of the dye is different in water where n

2
is maximum at short wavelength (405 nm) and decreases at longer wavelengths (473 and 532 nm). Water induces dissimilar effects at different wavelengths. Increasing the polarity of water by adding large amounts of NaCl does not clearly affect the absorbance or the nonlinear refraction of the dye.
I - Convergence of Difference Double Sequence Space of Fuzzy Real Number Defined by Double Orlicz Function
Authors: Moussa Hasan Ali , Battor Ali Hussein 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we introduced I - Convergence of Difference Double Sequence Space of Fuzzy Real Number Defined by Double Orlicz Function and study different topological properties of these sequence space like solidity, symmetricity, etc. We also obtain some inclusion relations involving these sequence spaces.
Evaluation of Triple Integrals with Singular Partial Derivatives or Singular Integrands in both Ends of the Region of Integration by Numerically Method of Newton-Cotes Composite Formulas (MTS)
Authors: Kadhim Shubbar Adnan Waseel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The main aimof this research is evaluation thevalues of the triple dimension integrals numerically, when its integrands are either continuous with singular partial derivatives or singular in all ends of the region of integration. Through this derivation the errors (correction terms) to the numerically method (MTS) such that the letter S refer to Simpson’s rule on the dimension x and the letter T refer to Trapezoidal Rule on the dimension x and the letter M refer to Mid-point rule on the dimension z and to improve the results of the triple integrals weused Romberg’s accelerating method by depending on these correction terms that we found, andwe indicate this method by (RMTS), we can depend on it to calculate the triple integrals when its integrands singular or continuous with singular partial derivatives or singular in all ends of the region of integration and give higher accuracy inthe results by few sub intervals.
Resolution of Weyl module for two-rowed in the case (8,7) / (t, o) where t = 1, 2
Authors: Rida A. S. , Hassan H. R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The main goal of this paper is to clarify and study the application of Weyl module and it’s resolution in the case of two-rowed. Which would be known by skew-partition (8,7) / (t,0) where t = 1,2 through using the contracting homotropy and the latter place algebra polarization.
Acousto-optic Design to Measure Glucose Level for Diabetic Patients Non-invasively
Authors: Bachache Lina Nasseer , Hasan Jamal A , Al-Neami Auns Qusai 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Due to increasing numbers of diabetic patient and the dangerous of life threatening some cases that need a continuous monitoring of the glucose level. Recently the demand for a non-invasive system is raised. This study aims to design an optimized noninvasively acousto-optic monitoring glucose system device to limit the possibility of secondary risk that raised from infection of invasive blood sample or from glucose fluctuation due to fewer number of glucose checking. There is a great demand for painless, glucose sensitive and commercial equipment. The current design methodology depends on the liaison between the penetrated electromagnetic wave through tissue and glucose level based on acousto-optic interaction technique. We can exceed the complication of acousto-optic design for biological tissue testing practically, the complication are with light and sound penetration, heat generation, and others. This work study both of Raman-Nath and Bragg interaction methods of acousto-optic technique with their advantages and disadvantages, with the possibility to reach the optimization in sensing blood glucose.
Synthesis and study the liquid crystalline properties of new compounds containing 5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one
Authors: Al-Obaidi Omar B. , Tomma Jumbad H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The new compounds of pyrazolines were synthesized from the reaction of different acid hydrazide with ethylacetoacetate and ethanol under reflux. These compounds were obtained from many sequence reactions. The 4-acetyl-5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one compounds synthesized from the reaction of 5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one with acetyl chloride in calcium hydroxide and 1,4-dioxane. Finaly, Schiff bases were prepared via condensation reaction of products of mono- and tri ketone derivatives[IV]a, b with phenyl hydrazines as presented in (Scheme 1, 2). The synthesized compounds were identification by using FTIR, NMR and Mass spectroscopy (of some of them). The mesomorphic behaviour of these derivatives were examined under OPM. The compound [IV]a exhibited enantiotropic liquid crystal (Smectic A on heating and Nematic on cooling) while the compound [V]c showed Smectic A and nematic phases only on cooling (monotropic). Also the two compounds [V]a and [VI]b exhibited nematic mesophase on cooling. The compound [IV]b, [V]b, d and [VI]a, c, d did not show any mesomorphic properties.
Tribological behavior and microstructural characterization of austenitic stainless steel stabilized with Nb and V
Authors: Gharbi A. , Himour A. , Ghelloudj O. , Bouhamla K. , Abderrahmane S. , Chouchane T. , Ramoul C. E. , Berdjane D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study deals with the influence of the addition of vanadium and niobium with concentrations of 1.2% and 0.14%, respectively, on the variation of the microstructure, and the tribological behavior of an AISI309 austenitic stainless steel. The studied specimens were structurally characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) X-ray diffraction and and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). These samples were also subjected to a tribological study using the friction wear test. The results show that the addition of vanadium and niobium causes a precipitation of stable carbides (VC, NbC) which in mm causes a decrease of the chromium carbide precipitation rate. Tribological test results have also shown that the addition of these two elements improves the wear resistance of AISI309 austenitic stainless steel by decreasing the coefficient of friction fr om 0.824 to 0.554.
A Move Recent Review of The Integral Equations and Their Applications
Authors: Jaabar Sahar Muhsen , Hussain Ahmed Hadi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In many branches of pure analysis, Integral Equations are one of the most useful techniques, such as functional analysis theories and stochastic processes. It is one of the most significant branches of mathematical analysis, in many fields of mechanics and mathematical physics,. In this research, we will address the integral equations in many physical issues and their applications. They are also associated with mechanical vibration problems, analytic function theory, orthogonal systems, quadratic form theory of infinitely many variables.
Comparative Study on The Corrosion Behavior of High Strength Pipe Steel After Thermal and Thermomechanical Treatments
Authors: Berdjane D. , Maalem B. , Ghelloudj O. , Gharbi A. , Tairi L. , Djemili S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The corrosion behaviour of X80 steel samples rolled and other quench-tempered in 3.5% NaCl have been studied. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, potentiodynamic polarization tests and electrochemical impedance measurements are the techniques used to characterize the samples. The results show that the tempered steel has a low corrosion current density compared to the rolled steel. The impedance measurements show the presence of a single capacitive loop attributed to the load transfer phenomenon.
Relational Database Watermarking Techniques: A Survey
Authors: Alqassab Asmaa , Alanezi Mafaz 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhile data is used in cooperative milieus for information extraction; Thus, it is vulnerable to security threats concerning ownership rights and data abusing. Due to unauthorized access to the data that may alter the originality, it results in significant losses of the organization. The relational databases which are free on-hand are used by research society for mining new information regarding their research works. These databases are vulnerable to security issues. The reliability of the data source must be authenticated before using it for any application purpose. Thus, to check the ownership and reliability of data, watermarking is applied to the data. Watermarking is used for the protection of the possession rights of shared Relational Data and for providing the solution for manipulating and tampering of data.