bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostate adenocarcinoma with mucinous features – is it PSMA avid?
Authors: Horsley Patrick J. , Sheehan‐Dare Gemma , Mastrocostas Katerina , Fung Caroline , Kneebone Andrew , Eade Thomas N. , Emmet Louise , Lalak Andre , Hruby George 
Published: September 2021

SummaryMucinous prostate adenocarcinoma represents <0.1% of prostate cancers. To our knowledge, no previous report has described the 68Ga‐PSMA‐PET characteristics of this entity at the primary site. We present a case of a fit 85‐year‐old with PSA 0.55 ng/mL and ISUP grade 4 acinar adenocarcinoma with mucinous features on biopsy. 68Ga‐PSMA‐PET revealed an intensely avid primary lesion in the right prostate (SUVmax 10.9), concordant with biopsy findings and encompassing both the PI‐RADS 5 lesion identified on MRI and a PI‐RADS 1 lesion that presumably represented the mucinous component. The patient was treated with definitive radiotherapy to the prostate and lymph nodes with 6 months of androgen deprivation therapy.
Brain gain of analysts in China: foreign experiences and forecast accuracy
Authors: Liu Lihua , Kong Dongmin , Yang Wei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUsing unique data on analysts’ foreign experiences, we investigate how analysts’ foreign experiences affect forecast performance in China. Based on analysts’ education and work background overseas, we find that foreign experiences significantly increase analysts’ forecast accuracy. Our results are robust to different measures and alternative specifications. Mechanism tests show that the improvement of forecast accuracy can be attributed to an analyst’s foreign work background, education with high level degrees, and prior overseas analyst working experience. Further evidence suggests the influence of foreign work experiences on analysts’ forecast accuracy are more pronounced for firms with lower earnings quality and higher ownership concentration.
Electroconvulsive therapy and psychiatric readmission in major depressive disorder – A population‐based register study
Authors: Stenmark Linnea , Kellner Charles H. , Landén Mikael , Larsson Irya , Msghina Mussie , Nordenskjöld Axel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe primary aim was to determine whether electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is associated with reduced risk of psychiatric readmission in major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodsThis study was based on data from multiple Swedish population‐based registries. All adult patients admitted to any Swedish hospital for moderate‐to‐severe MDD between 2012 and 2018 were included. Participants were divided into two groups depending on whether they received ECT during inpatient care. Follow‐up was set at 30 and 90 days from discharge. Data were analyzed using logistic regression, and matching was conducted.ResultsA total of 27,851 unique patients contributed to 41,916 admissions. ECT was used in 26.8% of admissions. In the main multivariate analysis, the risk of both 30‐ and 90‐day readmission was lower in the ECT group than in the non‐ECT group. In a matched sensitivity model, the results pointed in the same direction for readmission risk within 30 days, but statistical significance was not reached. ECT‐treated subgroups with superior outcomes on readmission risk compared with non‐ECT treatment were older, unemployed, married, or widowed patients, those treated with antipsychotics or benzodiazepines before admission, with psychotic features, prior psychiatric hospitalizations, or family history of suicide. However, in patients below 35 years of age, ECT was associated with increased readmission risk.ConclusionThis study suggests that ECT reduces the risk of psychiatric readmission in certain subgroups of patients with MDD. Since patients receiving ECT tend to be more difficult to treat, there is a risk of residual confounding.
The hazards of genotype imputation in chromosomal regions under selection: A case study using the Lactase gene region
Authors: Ali Aminah T. , Liebert Anke , Lau Winston , Maniatis Nikolas , Swallow Dallas M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlthough imputation of missing SNP results has been widely used in genetic studies, claims about the quality and usefulness of imputation have outnumbered the few studies that have questioned its limitations. But it is becoming clear that these limitations are real—for example, disease association signals can be missed in regions of LD breakdown. Here, as a case study, using the chromosomal region of the well‐known lactase gene, LCT, we address the issue of imputation in the context of variants that have become frequent in a limited number of modern population groups only recently, due to selection. We study SNPs in a 500 bp region covering the enhancer of LCT, and compare imputed genotypes with directly genotyped data. We examine the haplotype pairs of all individuals with discrepant and missing genotypes. We highlight the nonrandom nature of the allelic errors and show that most incorrect imputations and missing data result from long haplotypes that are evolutionarily closely related to those carrying the derived alleles, while some relate to rare and recombinant haplotypes. We conclude that bias of incorrectly imputed and missing genotypes can decrease the accuracy of imputed results substantially.
Differences in the skin microbial community between patients with active and stable vitiligo based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing
Authors: Lu Haojie , Xu Jinhui , Hu Yebei , Luo Haixin , Chen Yi , Xie Bo , Song Xiuzu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground/objectiveRecent studies have described an association between altered skin microbial community and epidemiology of skin diseases, such as vitiligo, atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. In this study, we conducted microbiological analysis on patients at different stages of vitiligo to determine whether the dysbiosis is associated with disease progression.MethodsTo characterise the skin microbes in vitiligo patients, we profiled samples collected from 40 patients with active and stable vitiligo using the Novaseq sequencer. Alpha diversity was used to measure richness and uniformity, while Beta diversity (Non‐Metric Multi‐Dimensional Scaling) analysis was used to show the differences. Moreover, the species differences were evaluated by LEfSe analysis and the flora gene function was predicted using Statistical Analysis of Metagenomic Profiles (STAMP).ResultsThe alpha diversity results showed no significant differences between active vitiligo and stable vitiligo, while beta diversity and LEfSe analysis results showed the differences in community composition. Streptomyces and Streptococcus were enriched in active vitiligo compared to stable vitiligo. In addition, the flora gene function of mixed acid fermentation was more pronounced in active vitiligo, while the function of lipid IVA biosynthesis was more significant in stable vitiligo.ConclusionThis study has shown the differences in epidermal microbes between active vitiligo and stable vitiligo. Our results suggest that maintaining the flora balance might be a potential therapeutic target for vitiligo.
COVID‐19 among children seeking primary paediatric care with signs of an acute infection
Authors: Hoehl Sebastian , Schneider Felix , Eckrich Martin , Gründler Tim Ole , Jerkic Pera Silvija , Lichtenstein Geri , Melcher Birgit , Melcher Hansjörg , Moebus Ralf , Mühlfeld Barbara , Rieger Ilonka , Seger‐Fritz Beate , Sgoll Stefan , Walter Christian , Werner Sebastian , Herrmann Eva , Berger Annemarie , Ciesek Sandra 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimIt can be challenging to distinguish COVID‐19 in children from other common infections. We set out to determine the rate at which children consulting a primary care paediatrician with an acute infection are infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 and to compare distinct findings.MethodIn seven out‐patient clinics, children aged 0–13 years with any new respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms and presumed infection were invited to be tested for SARS‐CoV‐2. Factors that were correlated with testing positive were determined. Samples were collected from 25 January 2021 to 01 April 2021.ResultsSeven hundred and eighty‐three children participated in the study (median age 3 years and 0 months, range 1 month to 12 years and 11 months). Three hundred and fifty‐eight were female (45.7%). SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA was detected in 19 (2.4%). The most common symptoms in children with as well as without detectable SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA were rhinitis, fever and cough. Known recent exposure to a case of COVID‐19 was significantly correlated with testing positive, but symptoms or clinical findings were not.ConclusionCOVID‐19 among the children with symptoms of an acute infection was uncommon, and the clinical presentation did not differ significantly between children with and without evidence of an infection with SARS‐CoV‐2.
Quantifying uncertainty in the identification of endangered ecological communities
Authors: Dorrough Josh , Tozer Mark , Armstrong Rob , Summerell Gregory , Scott Mitchell L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEcological community and ecosystem “red lists” have been developed in several jurisdictions to improve ecosystem‐level biodiversity protection. However, a challenge for the conservation and management of listed ecosystems is consistent identification in the field or from plot records. Ecosystem descriptions must have enough detail for positive identification but be broad enough that most instances are included. In many jurisdictions, descriptions are not supported by dichotomous keys or thresholds of ecosystem collapse and identification relies on the interpretation of trained individuals, with potential for opposing opinions. Using a structured process, we assessed the ability of experts to identify a critically endangered ecological community from vegetation plot samples. We compared the allocations made by experts with a numeric classification that underpinned the legal definition of the community. Overall, experts correctly identified the presence or absence of the community in 81% of samples although individual classification rates ranged from 63% to 94%. False positive rates varied among experts (7–50%) and experienced botanists did not necessarily perform better. Disturbance increased uncertainty and experts differed in their opinion about when the community had collapsed and was no longer recoverable. Inconsistent interpretation, in the absence of diagnostic keys and consensus models of collapse, will have implications for recovery and conservation of listed communities and ecosystems, and could impact the effectiveness of laws and policies designed to protect them.
Increasing temperature reduces cuticular melanism and immunity to fungal infection in a migratory insect
Authors: Srygley Robert B. , Jaronski Stefan T. 
Published: September 2021

1. Few studies have considered how global warming affects disease resistance. Many ectotherms depress the melanisation of exposed surfaces to reflect more sunlight in warmer habitats. Because phenoloxidase (PO) enhances both cuticular melanisation and the innate immune response to invasion, we asked: is decreased melanism in response to higher temperatures associated with less PO activity and greater vulnerability to entomopathogenic fungal attack?2. We measured spontaneous PO activity from wounding and circulating total PO activity before topical application ofBeauveria bassianafungus and 2 days following inoculation.3.Melanoplus sanguinipesgrasshoppers reared in higher temperatures were paler, and had lower spontaneous PO activity and total PO both before and after the fungal attack. They were also more susceptible toBeauveria bassianafungal attack than those reared in cooler temperatures. Hence, thermoregulatory benefits of decreased melanism for growth, reproduction, and survival can be compromised by reduced PO activity and the immune response to fungal infection.4. As the Earth warms, these two functions of PO, thermoregulation and immunity, are likely to remain associated with one another, which may cause thermal melanism to be detrimental to an insect population's resilience to climate change.
Taking metaphysics seriously: Kant on the foundations of ethics
Authors: Elizondo E. Sonny 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAsk most philosophers for an example of a moral rationalist, and they will probably answer “Kant.” And no wonder. Kant's first great work of moral philosophy,Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, opens with a clarion call for rationalism, proclaiming the need to work out for once a pure moral philosophy, a metaphysics of morals. That this metaphysics includes the first principle of ethics, the moral law, is obvious. But what about the second principles, particular moral laws, such as duties of truthfulness, beneficence, etc.? Are these principles metaphysical too? Many have thought not, since they make essential use of empirical and anthropological considerations. I argue otherwise; the second principles are metaphysical and this fact matters. I do this by taking seriously the metaphysics of the metaphysics of morals—more specifically, by understanding the metaphysics of morals alongside the metaphysics of nature. For,quametaphysics, both employ a common two‐stage methodology, the first stage of which is wholly a priori but the second stage of which is partly empirical. As I explain, appreciating this common methodology sheds new light on how the second principles are to be established, as well as on the reach of Kant's rationalism.
Keep your friends close: Host compartmentalisation of microbial communities facilitates decoupling from effects of habitat fragmentation
Authors: Willing Claire E. , Pierroz Grady , Guzman Aidee , Anderegg Leander D. L. , Gao Cheng , Coleman‐Derr Devin , Taylor John W. , Bruns Tom D. , Dawson Todd E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRoot‐associated fungal communities modify the climatic niches and even the competitive ability of their hosts, yet how the different components of the root microbiome are modified by habitat loss remains a key knowledge gap. Using principles of landscape ecology, we tested how free‐living versus host‐associated microbes differ in their response to landscape heterogeneity. Further, we explore how compartmentalisation of microbes into specialised root structures filters for key fungal symbionts. Our study demonstrates that free‐living fungal community structure correlates with landscape heterogeneity, but that host‐associated fungal communities depart from these patterns. Specifically, biotic filtering in roots, especially via compartmentalisation within specialised root structures, decouples the biogeographic patterns of host‐associated fungal communities from the soil community. In this way, even as habitat loss and fragmentation threaten fungal diversity in the soils, plant hosts exert biotic controls to ensure associations with critical mutualists, helping to preserve the root mycobiome.
A level playing field: No competitive advantage of conception risk in speed‐dating
Authors: Wu Karen , Chen Chuansheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDoes the ovulatory cycle play a role in women's allure to and receptivity towards men in a competitive dating scenario? We analyzed speed‐dates (Nobservations = 853 for men's attraction to women; Nobservations = 850 for women's attraction to men) involving 100 normally ovulating women and 132 men. We failed to document a competitive advantage of conception risk (or disadvantage of menstruation). Conception risk also did not predict women's ratings of men's desirability or attractiveness. However, women at a greater conception risk were marginally more likely to offer men second dates. We conclude that while the roles of conception risk or menstruation on women's allure are likely to be small and inconsequential in the context of intersexual selection, marginal effects on women's receptivity to men should be further explored.
Seamless connectivity with5Genabled unmanned aerial vehicles base stations using machine programming approach
Authors: Mandloi Dilip , Arya Rajeev 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDeployment of a small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) mounted 5G base station is a promising solution for providing seamless network connectivity to users in a modern, data‐centric thrust areas. The key challenge is to find the location, the height and the optimum number of mounts. A machine programming based approach is proposed here for optimal placement of UAV‐mounted base station. The location of the deployment is determined using three clustering algorithms such asK‐means,K‐medoids, and fuzzy cluster means. Different sets of UAV‐mounted base stations have been deployed with variable user density at different heights. The impact on the network performance has been quantified through measurements of received power, signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR), and path loss per active user equipment (UEs). To gain further insights, a scenario where UEs are connected only to the terrestrial base station, that is, the network is devoid of any sort of UAV mounted base station is evaluated. Numerical computations reaffirm that the proposed technique reduces the average path loss of the active UEs. Moreover, the use of height‐mounted base station also alleviates the issues arising due to low SINR values. The said technique shows immense potential in terms of seamless connectivity to end users in events of emergency and remote deployment scenarios, where ground‐based base station is not possible. The big transition of on‐ demand connectivity for 5G networks shall be benefitted from purpose‐built UAV infrastructure with specific locations or areas in mind.
Wheels and cycles: Suboptimality and volatility of corrupted economies
Authors: Bosi Stefano , Desmarchelier David , Ha‐Huy Thai 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe consider a simple economy where production depends on labor supply and social capital. Networking increases the social capital (“greases the wheel”) but also the corruption level (“sands the wheel”). Corruption is a negative productive externality. We compare the market economy, where the negative externality is not taken into account by individuals, with a centralized economy, where the planner internalizes the negative effect. We highlight the possible existence of cycles in the market economy and optimal cycles in the planned economy. We compare the centralized and the decentralized solutions in the short and long run.
A good thing takes time: The role of preparation time in asynchronous video interviews
Authors: Basch Johannes M. , Brenner Falko , Melchers Klaus G. , Krumm Stefan , Dräger Luise , Herzer Helen , Schuwerk Evelyn 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAsynchronous video interviews (AVIs) are increasingly used to preselect applicants. Previous research found that interviewees in AVIs receive better interview ratings compared to other forms of interviews. It has been suggested that this difference could be due to the preparation time given for each AVI question. A pilot study confirmed that preparation time in AVIs is indeed beneficial for interview performance. Furthermore, our main study replicated the significant effect of preparation time on interview performance and revealed that it was mediated by active response preparation, whereas no mediation effects were found for strain and for the use of impression management. Finally, preparation time had no direct effect on fairness perceptions but a positive indirect effect via honest impression management.
Mediation of perceived content validity on motivation and training transfer among smallholder farmers in Central Uganda
Authors: Twase Ismail , Miiro Richard F. , Matsiko Frank , Ndaula Sulaiman , Ssamula Mathias 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFarmer training is a key strategy for building skills that lead to enhanced productivity of small‐scale farmers' fields. This result hinges on farmers transferring the training to their fields. However, the factors that determine the subsequent transfer of training including those with mediating effects are not fully known. A study was conducted to assess the mediating role of perceived content validity on the association of farmers' motivation to implement acquired knowledge with actual training transfer outcomes from a random sample of 603 Ugandan farmers who had received four agricultural related trainings. Using Structural Equation Modelling, results indicated intrinsic motivation (β = 0.246; t = 2.991; p < 0.05) and perceived content validity (β = 0.325; t = 2.693; p < 0.05) to strongly influence training transfer. Intrinsic motivation predicted up to 45% of variance in farmers' perceptions about training design suitability. Perceived content validity mediated the relationship between intrinsic motivations to implement acquired knowledge and training transfer. In order to improve the transfer of learnt knowledge among smallholder farmers, trainers need to pay attention to pre‐training efforts, such as adopting a criterion of assessment checklist for identifying highly motivated trainees, as mechanisms for obtaining internally motivated training participants.
RNA‐binding proteins and RNA methylation in myeloid cells
Authors: Bataclan Marian , Leoni Cristina , Monticelli Silvia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) regulate all aspects of the life of mRNA transcripts. They are critically important in regulating immune responses, most notably by restraining excessive inflammation that can potentially lead to tissue damage. RBPs are also crucial for pathogen sensing, for instance for the recognition of viral nucleic acids. Concordant with these central regulatory roles, the dysregulated activity of many RBPs can give rise to disease. The expression and function of RBPs are therefore highly controlled by an elaborate network of transcriptional, post‐transcriptional and post‐translational mechanisms, including the ability of different RBPs to cross‐regulate each other's expression. With an emphasis on macrophages and mast cells, we review current knowledge on the role of selected RBPs that have been shown to directly impact the expression of inflammatory transcripts. By focusing specifically on proteins of the Regnase and ZFP36 family, as well as on factors involved in N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) deposition and recognition, we discuss mechanism of action, regulatory feedback, and impact of these selected proteins on immune responses. Finally, we include examples of the role of m6A and RBPs in the recognition of viral RNAs. Overall, we provide a general overview of the impact of selected RBPs on the myeloid compartment, followed by a discussion of outstanding questions and challenges for the future.
Property and Other Worries
Authors: Sage Nick 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis comment, written for a symposium on Rowan Cruft's Human Rights, Ownership, and the Individual, considers some aspects of Cruft's discussion of property. I suggest that Cruft glosses over certain complexities in this area, especially concerning the relation between property and other kinds of right. I question some of Cruft’s arguments about the justifiability of property and indeed whether he is really interested in property as such.