bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreased spatial variation and deterministic processes of bacterial community assembly in the rhizosphere of Phragmites australis across the Middle–Lower Yangtze plain
Authors: He Rujia , Zeng Jin , Zhao Dayong , Wang Shuren , Wu Qinglong L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractComparison of the spatial distribution and assembly processes between bulk and rhizosphere bacterial communities at multiple spatial scales is vital for understanding the generation and maintenance of microbial diversity under the influence of plants. However, biogeographical patterns and the underlying mechanisms of microbial communities in bulk and rhizosphere sediments of aquatic ecosystems remain unclear. Here, we collected 140 bulk and rhizosphere sediment samples of Phragmites australis from 14 lakeshore zones across a 510‐km transect in the Middle–Lower Yangtze plain. We performed high‐throughput sequencing to investigate the bacterial diversity, composition, spatial distribution and assembly processes of these samples. Bacterial communities in the rhizosphere sediment exhibited higher alpha diversity but lower beta diversity than those in the bulk sediment. Both bulk and rhizosphere sediment bacterial communities had significant distance–decay relationships, but spatial turnover of the rhizosphere sediment bacterial community was strikingly lower than that of bulk sediment. Despite variable selection dominating the assembly processes of bacterial communities in bulk sediment, the rhizosphere of P. australis enhanced the role of dispersal limitation in governing bacterial communities. The relative importance of different ecological processes in determining bacterial assembly presented distinct patterns of increasing or decreasing linearly with an increase of scale. This investigation highlights the convergent selection of the aquatic plant rhizosphere for surrounding bacterial communities and emphasizes the importance of different ecological processes on bacterial community assembly in sediment environments over different scales. Furthermore, we provide a preliminary framework for exploring the scale dependence of microbial community assembly in aquatic ecosystems.
An evolutionarily ancient fatty acid desaturase is required for the synthesis of hexadecatrienoic acid, which is the main source of the bioactive jasmonate in Marchantia polymorpha
Authors: Soriano Gonzalo , Kneeshaw Sophie , Jimenez‐Aleman Guillermo , Zamarreño Ángel M. , Franco‐Zorrilla José Manuel , Rey‐Stolle Mª Fernanda , Barbas Coral , García‐Mina Jose M. , Solano Roberto 
Published: November 2021

Summary

Jasmonates are fatty acid‐derived hormones that regulate multiple aspects of plant development, growth and stress responses. Bioactive jasmonates, defined as the ligands of the conserved COI1 receptor, differ between vascular plants and bryophytes (jasmonoyl‐l‐isoleucine (JA‐Ile) and dinor‐12‐oxo‐10,15(Z)‐phytodienoic acid (dn‐OPDA), respectively). The biosynthetic pathways of JA‐Ile in the model vascular plant Arabidopsis thaliana have been elucidated. However, the details of dn‐OPDA biosynthesis in bryophytes are still unclear.

Here, we identify an orthologue of Arabidopsis fatty‐acid‐desaturase 5 (AtFAD5) in the model liverwort Marchantia polymorpha and show that FAD5 function is ancient and conserved between species separated by more than 450 million years (Myr) of independent evolution. Similar to AtFAD5, MpFAD5 is required for the synthesis of 7Z‐hexadecenoic acid. Consequently, in Mpfad5 mutants, the hexadecanoid pathway is blocked, dn‐OPDA concentrations are almost completely depleted and normal chloroplast development is impaired.

Our results demonstrate that the main source of wounding‐induced dn‐OPDA in Marchantia is the hexadecanoid pathway and the contribution of the octadecanoid pathway (i.e. from OPDA) is minimal.

Remarkably, despite extremely low concentrations of dn‐OPDA, MpCOI1‐mediated responses to wounding and insect feeding can still be activated in Mpfad5, suggesting that dn‐OPDA may not be the only bioactive jasmonate and COI1 ligand in Marchantia.
Older people and responses to COVID‐19: A cross‐sectional study of prevention practices and vaccination intention
Authors: Wong Li Ping , Alias Haridah , Tan Yi Ru , Tan Kit Mun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 is a threat to everyone's health and can be especially devastating to older individuals.AimThis study examined the behavioural prevention practices against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and the intention to vaccinate among older people when the COVID‐19 vaccine is on the verge of becoming available.MethodA cross‐sectional, online survey was conducted between 14th July and 8th October 2020 among the older people in Malaysia. A questionnaire was designed to assess the practice towards measures preventing SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, and COVID‐19 vaccination attitudes and intention. Socio‐demographic characteristics, constructs of a health belief model (HBM), the 6‐item state version of the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI‐6) were correlates of the main outcomes.FindingsThe mean score of total preventive measures scores was 13.4 ± 1.7 out of a maximum score of 15, indicating very good prevention practices. By demographics, females, having a tertiary education exhibited higher prevention practices in the univariable analyses. Components of the HBM and being female remain significant correlates of higher prevention practices in multivariable logistic regression analysis (MLRA). A total of 657 (87.1%) participants responded and intend to receive the COVID‐19 vaccination. Provider recommendations may improve vaccination uptake (91.6%). MLRA revealed that having a positive vaccination attitude was 16 times more likely to accept the COVID‐19 vaccination (OR = 16.10; 95% CI 8.97–28.91). Hearing of someone they know who has COVID‐19 serves as a cue to action and significantly influences vaccination (OR = 4.25; 95% CI 1.80–10.03). Participants below 70 years old expressed higher vaccination intention (OR = 2.07; 95% CI 1.19–3.58).ConclusionThe results provide the first evidence for public authorities to target older people vulnerable to compliance with recommended preventive measures against SARS‐CoV‐2 infections.
Outcome valence and stimulus frequency affect neural responses to rewards and punishments
Authors: Glazer James , Nusslock Robin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Reward‐Positivity (RewP) is a frontocentral event‐related potential elicited following reward and punishment feedback. Reinforcement learning theories propose the RewP reflects a reward prediction error that increases following more favorable (vs. unfavorable) outcomes. An alternative perspective, however, proposes this component indexes a salience‐prediction error that increases following more salient outcomes. Evidence from prior studies that included both reward and punishment conditions is mixed, supporting both accounts. However, these studies often varied how feedback stimuli were repeated across reward and punishment conditions. Differences in the frequency of feedback stimuli may drive inconsistencies by introducing salience effects for infrequent stimuli regardless of whether they are associated with rewards or punishments. To test this hypothesis, the current study examined the effect of outcome valence and stimulus frequency on the RewP and neighboring P2 and P3 components in reward, punishment, and neutral contexts across two separate experiments that varied how often feedback stimuli were repeated between conditions. Experiment 1 revealed infrequent feedback stimuli generated overlapping positivity across all three components. However, controlling for stimulus frequency, experiment 2 revealed favorable outcomes that increased RewP and P3 positivity. Together, these results suggest the RewP reflects some combination of reward‐ and salience‐prediction error encoding. Results also indicate infrequent feedback stimuli elicited strong salience effects across all three components that may inflate, eliminate, or reverse outcome valence effects for the RewP and P3. These results resolve several inconsistencies in the literature and have important implications for electrocortical investigations of reward and punishment feedback processing.
Disruption ofBrachypodiumlichenase alters metabolism of mixed‐linkage glucan and starch
Authors: Fan Mingzhu , Jensen Jacob K. , Zemelis‐Durfee Starla , Kim Sang‐Jin , Chan Jia‐Yi , Beaudry Claudia M. , Brandizzi Federica , Wilkerson Curtis G. 
Published: November 2021

SUMMARYMixed‐linkage glucan, which is widely distributed in grasses, is a polysaccharide highly abundant in cell walls of grass endosperm and young vegetative tissues. Lichenases are enzymes that hydrolyze mixed‐linkage glucan first identified in mixed‐linkage glucan‐rich lichens. In this study, we identify a gene encoding a lichenase we nameBrachypodium distachyon LICHENASE 1(BdLCH1), which is highly expressed in the endosperm of germinating seeds and coleoptiles and at lower amounts in mature shoots. RNAin situhybridization showed thatBdLCH1is primarily expressed in chlorenchyma cells of mature leaves and internodes. Disruption of BdLCH1 resulted in an eight‐fold increase in mixed‐linkage glucan content in senesced leaves. Consistent with thein situhybridization data, immunolocalization results showed that mixed‐linkage glucan was not removed in chlorenchyma cells oflch1mutants as it was in wild type and implicate the BdLCH1 enzyme in removing mixed‐linkage glucan in chlorenchyma cells in mature vegetative tissues. We also show that mixed‐linkage glucan accumulation inlch1mutants was resistant to dark‐induced degradation, and 8‐week‐oldlch1plants showed a faster rate of starch breakdown than wild type in darkness. Our results suggest a role for BdLCH1 in modifying the cell wall to support highly metabolically active cells.
Origin, evolution and diversification of plant ARGONAUTE proteins
Authors: Li Zancong , Li Wenqi , Guo Mingxi , Liu Simu , Liu Lin , Yu Yu , Mo Beixin , Chen Xuemei , Gao Lei 
Published: November 2021

SUMMARYArgonaute (AGO) proteins are central players in RNA interference in eukaryotes. They associate with small RNAs (sRNA) and lead to transcriptional or posttranscriptional silencing of targets, thereby regulating diverse biological processes. The molecular and biological functions of AGO proteins have been extensively characterized, particularly in a few angiosperm species, leading to the recognition that the AGO family has expanded to accommodate diverse sRNAs thereby performing diverse biological functions. However, understanding of the expansion of AGO proteins in plants is still limited, due to a dearth of knowledge of AGO proteins in green algal groups. Here, we identified more than 2900 AGO proteins from 244 plant species, including green algae, and performed a large‐scale phylogenetic analysis. The phylogeny shows that the plant AGO family gave rise to four clades after the emergence of hydrobiontic algae and prior to the emergence of land plants. Subsequent parallel expansion in ferns and angiosperms resulted in eight main clades in angiosperms: AGO2, AGO7, AGO6, AGO4, AGO1, AGO10a, AGO10b and AGO5. On the basis of this phylogeny, we identified two novel AGO4 orthologs that Arabidopsis does not have, and redefined AGO10, which is composed of AGO10a and AGO10b. Finally, we propose a hypothetical evolutionary model of AGO proteins in plants. Our studies provide a deeper understanding of the phylogenetic relationships of AGO family members in the green lineage, which would help to further reveal their roles as RNAi effectors.
Art about ancient life as a chronicle for the human condition
Authors: Rosenberg* Gary D. , Burke* Patricia Coorough 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Art about ancient life chronicles the human condition, less evidently but potentially as significantly, as it depicts life through geologic time. Selected examples surveyed here reveal human aspirations, values, conceits, sensibilities, and foibles and suggest that further in-depth study would be warranted. Greek bronzes embellished with griffins (625–575 B.C.E.) may represent ceratopsian fossils mythologized and commodified for their proximity to gold deposits. Encelius’ anthropomorphized drawing (1557) of a fossil bivalve exemplifies a conservative deference to outdated paradigms about nature; inversely, Nicolaus Steno prized geometry—then offering a new perspective on nature—and realized in 1667 that a drawing of “tongue stones” depicted not, as commonly held, simulacra of snake tongues molded by vital forces within the Earth but fossilized teeth of a once living shark; Beringer’s “lying stones” (1726) show how human conceit can bias the interpretation of “fossils.” Artworks since the mid-twentieth century record a growing recognition that ancient life and its habitats evolved together and therefore that art about ancient life has lessons for contemporary environmentalism: Rudolph Zallinger’s diachronous murals (mid-1940s) and the Milwaukee Public Museum’s diachronous dioramas (installed in 2001) display progressions of ancient and contemporary habitats; Alexis Rockman’s dystopian landscapes use ancient and extant life to critique human responsibility for degrading environments and endangering species. We conclude that studies of art about ancient life can deepen our understanding of the human condition and the cultural context in which it is created.
Climate Change in the Hydrometeorological Parameters of the Black and Azov Seas (1980–2020)
Authors: Ginzburg A. I. , Kostianoy A. G. , Serykh I. V. , Lebedev S. A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
To study the nature of climate change in the hydrometeorological parameters of the Black and Azov Seas—surface air temperature (SAT), sea surface temperature (SST), ice cover, and sea level—under conditions of ongoing global warming, we used reanalyses and remote sensing data, as well as information from known publications of recent years. It was found that against an increase in SAT over the Black–Azov Sea region (+0.053°C/year in 1980–2020) and SST of the Black Sea (+0.052°C/year in 1982–2020), the values of these parameters in the 2000s differ significantly from those in the 1980s–1990s: the maximum average monthly summer and minimum average monthly winter temperatures have increased, as well as the number of mild winters. The average annual SST of the Black Sea, which practically did not exceed 15°C in the 1980s–early 1990s, has exceeded 16°C in most cases since 2010 (maximum 16.71°C in 2018). In the 2010s, the average monthly winter minima, with the exception of the winters of 2011/2012 and 2016/2017, did not fall below 8°С. A consequence of the increase in winter temperatures was a decrease in the ice concentration in the Sea of Azov (the trend of the mean monthly concentration is –1.2%/10 years). From about 2004–2010 in the Black Sea and since 2004 in the Sea of Azov, the tendency towards increase in their levels (on average) has been replaced by a slight decrease, so that the average positive trends for the period 1993–2020 (+0.32 ± 0.16 cm/year in the Black Sea and +0.21 ± 0.05 cm/year in the Sea of Azov) were approximately 2.5 times less than in 1993–2012. The reason for this decrease in levels (on average) in the last 10–15 years was apparently a decrease in the incoming part of the freshwater balance of both seas, which is indirectly confirmed by the observed increase in salinity of their waters.
Features of Seasonal Sea Level Oscillations in the Russian Arctic Seas
Authors: Medvedev I. P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBased on the analysis of long series of monthly mean sea level values from the database of the PSMSL and ESIMO portals, we obtained estimates of the mean and extreme amplitudes of seasonal oscillations. The mean amplitude of annual sea level oscillations in the White Sea is 7 cm, in the Barents Sea is 9–10 cm, in the Kara Sea, is 8–9 cm, in the Laptev Sea, is 10–11 cm, in the East Siberian and Chukchi seas is 13–14 cm. In the estuarine areas of seas, the amplitude of annual oscillations increases, and the semiannual, third-annual, and quarter-annual components appear in the sea level spectra. They are formed due to the asymmetry of the seasonal sea level variation with a sharp maximum during the flood period in June. Interannual changes in the amplitude of seasonal oscillations were identified and estimates of their extreme values were obtained. In some years, the amplitude of seasonal oscillations reaches 50 cm in the Yenisei Gulf and Gulf of Ob, 60 cm near the mouth of the Lena River, and 75 cm at the mouth of the Olenek River.
Idiopathic subglottic stenosis and the consequences in cardiopulmonary exercise testing
Authors: Verjans Rick , van Berkel Sietske , Brandon Tom , Grotjohan Hans 
Published: November 2021

A 15-year-old male patient with progressive dyspnoea and exercise-related wheezing was analysed with spirometry, ECG and a cardiopulmonary exercise test with blood gas analysis. Earlier analysis by a paediatrician concluded no abnormalities. However, the previously performed spirometry test may have clarified the diagnosis in an earlier stage.Severe hypoventilation was seen during the exercise test with hypercapnia and hypoxaemia while hearing a stridor during exercise. Eventually, a circular subglottic stenosis was seen on a CT scan of the chest. No malignancy or granulomatosis with polyangiitis was seen in biopsy and pathologic examination. There was no history of trauma, intubation or infection. Therefore, the diagnosis idiopathic subglottic stenosis was established. Bronchoscopic balloon dilation followed several times, leading to full recovery.
Cohort profile: Actionable Register of Geneva Outpatients and inpatients with SARS-CoV-2 (ARGOS)
Authors: Genecand Camille , Mongin Denis , Koegler Flora , Lebowitz Dan , Regard Simon , Falcone Jean-Luc , Nehme Mayssam , Braillard Olivia , Grira Marwène , Joubert Dominique , Chopard Pierre , Delaporte Elisabeth , Stirnemann Jérôme , Guessous Idris , Tardin Aglaé , Courvoisier Delphine S 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThe Actionable Register of Geneva Outpatients and inpatients with SARS-CoV-2 (ARGOS) is an ongoing prospective cohort created by the Geneva Directorate of Health. It consists of an operational database compiling all SARS-CoV-2 test results recorded in the Geneva area since late February 2020. This article aims at presenting this comprehensive cohort, in light of some of the varying public health measures in Geneva, Switzerland, since March 2020.ParticipantsAs of 1 June 2021, the database included 360 525 patients, among which 65 475 had at least one positive test result for SARS-CoV-2. Among all positive patients, 37.6% were contacted only once, 10.6% had one follow-up call, 8.5% had two and 27.7% had three or more follow-up calls. Participation rate among positive patients is 94%. Data collection is ongoing.Findings to dateARGOS data illustrates the magnitude of COVID-19 pandemic in Geneva, Switzerland, and details a variety of population factors and outcomes. The content of the cohort includes demographic data, comorbidities and risk factors for poor clinical outcome, self-reported COVID-19 symptoms, environmental and socioeconomic factors, prospective and retrospective contact tracing data, travel quarantine data and deaths. The registry has already been used in several publications focusing on symptoms and long COVID-19, infection fatality rate and re-infection.Future plansThe data of this large real-world registry provides a valuable resource for various types of research, such as clinical research, epidemiological research or policy assessment as it illustrates the impact of public health policies and overall disease burden of COVID-19.
Association between multimorbidity and socioeconomic deprivation on short-term mortality among patients with diffuse large B-cell or follicular lymphoma in England: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Smith Matthew James , Njagi Edmund Njeru , Belot Aurelien , Leyrat Clémence , Bonaventure Audrey , Benitez Majano Sara , Rachet Bernard , Luque Fernandez Miguel Angel 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesWe aimed to assess the association between multimorbidity and deprivation on short-term mortality among patients with diffuse large B-cell (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) in England.SettingThe association of multimorbidity and socioeconomic deprivation on survival among patients diagnosed with DLBCL and FL in England between 2005 and 2013. We linked the English population-based cancer registry with electronic health records databases and estimated adjusted mortality rate ratios by multimorbidity and deprivation status. Using flexible hazard-based regression models, we computed DLBCL and FL standardised mortality risk by deprivation and multimorbidity at 1 year.ResultsOverall, 41 422 patients aged 45–99 years were diagnosed with DLBCL or FL in England during 2005–2015. Most deprived patients with FL with multimorbidities had three times higher hazard of 1-year mortality (HR: 3.3, CI 2.48 to 4.28, p<0.001) than least deprived patients without comorbidity; among DLBCL, there was approximately twice the hazard (HR: 1.9, CI 1.70 to 2.07, p<0.001).ConclusionsMultimorbidity, deprivation and their combination are strong and independent predictors of an increased short-term mortality risk among patients with DLBCL and FL in England. Public health measures targeting the reduction of multimorbidity among most deprived patients with DLBCL and FL are needed to reduce the short-term mortality gap.
Altered serum calcium homeostasis independently predicts mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a retrospective observational cohort study
Authors: Su Wen , Zhu Jie-Gao , Zhao Xue-Qiao , Chen Hui , Li Wei-Ping , Li Hong-Wei 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesSerum calcium levels (sCa) were reported to be associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to analyse the association between sCa and long-term mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).DesignA retrospective observational cohort study.SettingSingle-centre study with participants recruited from the local area.ParticipantsA total of consecutive 13 772 patients with ACS were included in this analysis. Patients were divided based on their sCa profile (≤2.1 mmol/L, 2.1–2.2 mmol/L, 2.2–2.3 mmol/L, 2.3–2.4 mmol/L, 2.4–2.5 mmol/L,>2.5 mmol/L) and followed up for a median of 2.96 years (IQR 1.01–4.07).Primary outcomeLong-term all-cause mortality.ResultsDuring a median follow-up period of 2.96 years, patients with sCa ≤2.1 mmol/L had the highest cumulative incidences of all-cause mortality (16.7%), whereas those with sCa 2.4–2.5 mmol/L had the lowest cumulative incidences of all-cause mortality (3.5%). After adjusting for potentially confounding variables, the Cox analysis revealed that compared with the reference group (sCa 2.4–2.5 mmol/L), all the other groups had higher mortality except for the sCa 2.3–2.4 mmol/L group (HR, 1.32, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.87). Restricted cubic splines showed that the relationship between sCa and all-cause mortality seemed to be U shaped. The optimal sCa cut-off point, 2.35 mmol/L, was determined based on the shape of restricted cubic splines.ConclusionsAltered serum calcium homeostasis at admission independently predicts all-cause mortality in patients with ACS. In addition, a U-shaped relationship between sCa and all-cause mortality exists, and maintaining sCa at approximately 2.35 mmol/L may minimise the risk of mortality.