bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To stay or leave: Public health nurse workforce retention in North Carolina
Authors: Watts Isley Jaimee , Little Susan H. , Sha Shuying , Vaughan Ellis , Wingate Katie , Aleshire Mollie E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractStates across the country have been experiencing a steady decline in public health nursing workforce, including North Carolina (NC).Objectives: To better understand retention in the NC Public Health Nurses (PHNs) workforce through an assessment of perceptions of the working environment, stress, intent to stay, and job satisfaction.Design: A cross‐sectional online survey using closed and open‐ended questions.Sample: The study population comprised of non‐supervisory PHNs (n = 672) working at NC local health departments (LHD).Measurements: Retention problem, working environment, and job satisfaction measures were adapted from the revised Casey‐Fink Registered Nurse Retention Survey© (2009) to fit public health settings.Results: Despite high levels of job satisfaction (79.76%, n = 473), 53% of respondents (n = 323) acknowledged a retention problem within their LHD; 35.32% (n = 203) planned to/considered leaving their position in the next 3 years for reasons other than retirement. ANOVAs and Kruskal Wallis Test results showed that those planning to leave had statistically lower scores on perceived working environment and job satisfaction and demonstrated higher negative stress levels.Conclusion: Like other states, NC is experiencing a PHN shortages predicted to worsen in coming years. To retain the current workforce, LHDs need to work to improve PHNs working environment, increase PHNs’ pay, and alleviate stressors.
Effects of Human Serum Albumin on the Fluorescence Intensity and Tumor Imaging Properties of IR‐780 Dye
Authors: Long Lei , Tan Xu , Liu Zujuan , Liu Yunsheng , Cao Xiaohui , Shi Chunmeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIR‐780 is a lipophilic dye with excellent optical and tumor imaging properties for early tumor diagnostics. Although the mechanism of tumor targeting has not been fully identified, the view that serum albumin plays an important role in tumor accumulation has been recognized. Here, the mechanism of the interaction between IR‐780 and HSA was studied to explore the effect of albumin on its tumor targeting properties. Data demonstrate that IR‐780 can be tightly adsorbed by HSA at a ratio of 1:1 to form a noncovalent complex, which exhibits significant improvement in the near‐infrared fluorescence imaging and tumor diagnosis capacity. During this process, the endogenous fluorescence and esterase activity of HSA are both partially inhibited by IR‐780, and the α‐helical content of HSA slightly increases. Molecular docking simulation displays that the binding site of IR‐780 on HSA is between subdomains IIA and IIB. These results indicate that HSA is an important factor to mediate the optical performance of IR‐780, giving it higher tumor diagnosis capability.
A natural two‐nucleotide deletion affirms role for NADPH oxidase in pathogenicity and perithecium formation in Fusarium graminearum species complex
Authors: Suga Haruhisa , Okumura Rina , Ikawa Maho , Shimizu Masafumi , Kageyama Koji 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMembers of the Fusarium graminearum species complex are known to cause head blight of wheat. A natural nonpathogenic mutant, strain Fa0233007, was found in the strain collection of the Japanese F. graminearum species complex. In addition, this strain cannot form perithecia. Complete linkage of these deficiencies in the progenies obtained from crossing a wild‐type strain and the mutant strain suggested that a single genomic locus was responsible for deficiencies in both traits. The locus was mapped to chromosome 1 using sequence‐tagged markers. An NADPH oxidase gene (NoxA, FGSG00739) was identified in the mapped region, and a 2‐bp deletion that results in premature termination of the open reading frame was detected in the gene. Both pathogenicity and perithecium formation were recovered by FGSG00739 complementation in the mutant strain.
Enhancing (Publications on) Data Quality: Deeper Data Minding and Fuller Data Confession
Authors: Meng Xiao-Li 
Published: October 2021

AbstractStatistics typically treats data as inputs for analysis, whereas the broader data science enterprise deals with the entire data life cycle, including the phases that output data. This commentary argues that it would benefit statistics and (data) science if we statisticians were also to treat data as products in and of themselves, and accordingly subject them to data minding, a stringent quality inspection process that scrutinizes data conceptualization, data pre-processing, data curation and data provenance, in addition to data collection, the traditional objective of our emphasis before data analysis. A concrete step in promoting deeper data minding is to encourage fuller data confession in (statistical) publications, that is, to entice—or at least not to disincentivize—the authors into providing more details on the genealogy of a given body of data, including an account of its deliberations, especially with respect to sources of adverse influence on data quality. The collection of articles in this special issue (on data science for societies) provides both the inspiration and aspiration for deeper data minding and fuller data confession.
Elucidating the meaning of life world phenomena. A phenomenological hermeneutical method for researching lived experience
Authors: Lindseth Anders , Norberg Astrid 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a phenomenological hermeneutical method for interpreting narrative texts is proposed. Interviewees are asked to tell from their lived experience of participating in life world phenomena. The interview texts are written down and analysed, inspired by the theory of interpretation of Paul Ricoeur, in three steps: a first, naïve reading, structural analysis and comprehensive understanding. The method was presented the first time in 2004. In this paper, the theory behind it is elaborated. Basic concepts like phenomenon, meaning, life world, lived experience and concrete reflection are clarified, and the historical background of the method and its ontology, epistemology and methodology are explained.
Soil salinity: A global threat to sustainable development
Authors: Singh Ajay 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSoil is a vital resource for feeding the burgeoning global population, and it is also essential for realizing most of the ‘United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)’. For example, it is vital to realizing the ‘Zero hunger (SDG2), Good health and well‐being (SDG3), Clean water and sanitation (SDG6), and Life on land (SDG15)’. Excess salts present in the soil make it saline, and it poses a significant threat to agricultural production and environmental health. Soil salinity is an extensive problem and spreads over one billion hectares extended over 100 countries. This paper presents a comprehensive review of global soil salinity management through the applications of remote sensing and GIS. All possible sources of relevant and current literature were accessed and more than 260 publications were collected and carefully analysed, for this review. The rationale and severity of the salinity problem are provided. The impact of salinity on plant yield and the effect of climate change on soil salinity are detailed. The salinity indicators and salinity monitoring and mapping are provided, and the global cases of soil salinity management through remote sensing and GIS applications under different agro‐hydro‐climatic environments are discussed, followed by a summary of conclusions and challenges along with future research directions. The analysis of past investigations showed that remote sensing strategy might be a practical approach to adequately assess plant response such as evapotranspiration under diverse salinity environments, yet it additionally has various difficulties. The lower spatial and temporal resolution of imagery may reason errors because of subpixel heterogeneity. However, with the improvement of the better‐resolution thermal infrared remote method, there is the possibility to spot spatial variations at a smaller scale.
Evaluation of LL‐37 in healing of hard‐to‐heal venous leg ulcers: A multicentric prospective randomized placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Mahlapuu Margit , Sidorowicz Adam , Mikosinski Jacek , Krzyżanowski Mikołaj , Orleanski Jakub , Twardowska‐Saucha Krystyna , Nykaza Andrzej , Dyaczynski Michal , Belz‐Lagoda Beata , Dziwiszek Grzegorz , Kujawiak Monika , Karczewski Marek , Sjöberg Folke , Grzela Tomasz , Wegrzynowski Adam , Thunarf Fredrik , Björk Jakob , Ekblom Jonas , Jawien Arkadiusz , Apelqvist Jan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMany patients with venous leg ulcers do not reach complete healing with compression treatment alone, which is current standard care. This clinical trial HEAL LL‐37 was a phase IIb double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled study, with the aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new drug LL‐37 for topical administration, in combination with compression therapy, in 148 patients suffering from hard‐to‐heal venous leg ulcers. The study had three arms, consisting of two groups treated with LL‐37 at concentrations of 0.5 or 1.6 mg/mL, and a placebo cohort. Patients had a mean age of 67.6 years, a median ulcer duration of 20.3 months, and a mean wound size at the time of randomization of 11.6 cm2. Efficacy analysis performed on the full study population did not identify any significant improvement in healing in patients treated with LL‐37 as compared with the placebo. In contrast, a post hoc analysis revealed statistically significant improvement with LL‐37 treatment in several interrelated healing parameters in the subgroup of patients with large target wounds (a wound area of at least 10 cm2 at randomization), which is a known negative prognostic factor for healing. The study drug was well tolerated and safe in both dose strengths. In summary, this clinical trial did not detect any significant differences in healing of venous lower leg ulcers in the entire study cohort comparing patients treated with LL‐37 versus placebo. A subgroup analysis provided an interesting observation that LL‐37 could offer a treatment benefit in patients with large ulcers, exigently warranting a further study adequately powered to statistically assess the treatment outcome in this patient group.
Interjoint Coordination in Kicking a Moving Target: A Comparison Between Elite and Nonelite Taekwondo Players
Authors: Straiotto Bruno G. , Cook David P. , James Darren C. , Seeley P. John 
Published: October 2021

Patterns of interjoint coordination in the kicking legs of taekwondo players were investigated to understand movement pattern variability as a functional property of skill level. Elite and nonelite players performed roundhouse kicks against a custom-built moving target fitted with an accelerometer, and movements were recorded by motion capture. Average foot segment velocities of 13.6 and 11.4 m/s were recorded for elite and nonelite players, respectively (P < .05), corresponding to target accelerations of 87.5 and 70.8g (P < .05). Gradient values derived from piecewise linear regression of continuous relative phase curves established the comparative incoordination of nonelite taekwondo players in the form of an overshoot behavior during the crucial period leading to target impact (P < .05). This overshoot was apparent in both knee–hip and ankle–knee continuous relative phase curves. Elite players generated greater limb speed and impact force through more effective limb segment coordination. The combination of continuous relative phase and piecewise linear regression techniques allowed identification of alternate joint control approaches in the 2 groups.
The Production of Anti-Penicillinase Immune Sera
Authors: Perlstein David , Liebmann Alfred J. 
Published: October 2021

It has been found that an anti-penicillinase immune serum can be produced, in rabbits by the use of purified penicillinase as the antigen.
Anti-penicillinase serum is suggested as protection for penicillin from inactivation by penicillinase.
A Correction
Authors: Bogert Marston T. 
Published: October 2021

Note upon page 444 of the May 16 issue of SCIENCE abstract of a paper submitted by me at the recent meeting of the National Academy of Sciences and entitled "Researches in the terephthalic acid group."
Through an unfortunate error, the name of my collaborator in this research, Dr. Philip S. Nisson, was in some way omitted in entering the item on the program of the academy, and I shall be glad to have you publish this brief note in SCIENCE calling attention to the fact
The Role of Calcium in Carcinogenesis Summary
Authors: Carruthers Christopher , Suntzeff V. 
Published: October 2021

Estimations of the calcium content of the mouse epidermis during the process of experimental carcinogenesis reveal two distinct phases: an immediate reduction in the calcium content which persists at a fairly constant level for many weeks and a further reduction when the epithelial cells have been transformed into cancer cells. Reduction of calcium in the hyperplastic epidermis is an important feature in this experimentally induced precancerous condition.
This investigation was aided by grants from the International Cancer Research Foundation and the National Cancer Institute.
No evidence for dominance–discovery trade-offs in Pheidole (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) assemblages
Authors: Klunk Cristian L. , Pie Marcio R. 
Published: October 2021

Understanding the mechanisms that allow species coexistence across spatial scales is of great interest to ecologists. Many such proposed mechanisms involve trade-offs between species in different life-history traits, with distinct trade-offs being expected to be prevalent at varying temporal and spatial scales. The dominance–discovery trade-off posits that species differ in their ability to find and use resources quickly, in contrast to their ability to monopolize those resources, a mechanism analogous to the competition-colonization trade-off. We investigated the occurrence of this structuring mechanism in the genus Pheidole Westwood, 1839 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) assemblages in Atlantic Forest remnants. According to the dominance–discovery trade-off, consistent interspecific variation should be observed along the axis of discovery and dominance. We established 55 sampling units across two sites, with each unit consisting of a sardine bait monitored for 3 h. There was no distinction among Pheidole species in their ability to find or dominate food sources, suggesting that the dominance–discovery trade-off does not explain their coexistence. The low levels of aggression between Pheidole species could prevent the establishment of dominance hierarchies, whereas the species order of arrival at food sources could allow for resource partitioning through priority effects.
Graphs Identified by Logics with Counting
Authors: Kiefer Sandra , Schweitzer Pascal , Selman Erkal 
Published: October 2021

We classify graphs and, more generally, finite relational structures that are identified by

C^2

, that is, two-variable first-order logic with counting. Using this classification, we show that it can be decided in almost linear time whether a structure is identified by

C^2

. Our classification implies that for every graph identified by this logic, all vertex-colored versions of it are also identified. A similar statement is true for finite relational structures.

We provide constructions that solve the inversion problem for finite relational structures in linear time. By a result due to Otto, this problem has been known to be polynomial-time solvable. For graphs, we conclude that every

C^2

-equivalence class contains a representative whose orbits are exactly the classes of the

C^2

-partition of its vertex set and which has a single automorphism witnessing this fact.

We show that such statements are not true for general

k

by providing examples of graphs of order linear in

k

which are identified by

C^3

, but for which the orbit partition is strictly finer than the

C^k

-partition. We also construct identified graphs which have vertex-colored versions that are not identified by

C^k

.
Test Points for Online Monitoring of Quantum Circuits
Authors: Acharya Nikita , Urbanek Miroslav , De Jong Wibe A. , Saeed Samah Mohamed 
Published: October 2021

Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers consisting of tens of inherently noisy quantum bits (qubits) suffer from reliability problems. Qubits and their gates are susceptible to various types of errors. Due to limited numbers of qubits and high error rates, quantum error correction cannot be applied. Physical constraints of quantum hardware including the error rates are used to guide the design and the layout of quantum circuits. The error rates determine the selection of qubits and their operations. The resulting circuit is executed on the quantum computer.
This study explores the risk of unexpected changes in the error rates of NISQ computers post-calibration. We show that unexpected changes in error rates can alter the output state of a quantum circuit. To detect these changes, we propose the insertion of test points into the quantum circuit to enable online monitoring of the physical qubit behavior. We utilize classical, superposition, and uncompute test points. Furthermore, we use a gate error coverage metric to assess the quality of the tests. We verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme on different IBM quantum computers (IBM Q), in addition to a noisy simulation that shows the scalability of the proposed approach.
Towards All-optical Stochastic Computing Using Photonic Crystal Nanocavities
Authors: El-Derhalli Hassnaa , Constans Léa , Le Beux Sébastien , De Rossi Alfredo , Raineri Fabrice , Tahar Sofiène 
Published: October 2021

Stochastic computing allows a drastic reduction in hardware complexity using serial processing of bit streams. While the induced high computing latency can be overcome using integrated optics technology, the design of realistic optical stochastic computing architectures calls for energy efficient switching devices.
Photonics Crystal (PhC)
nanocavities are μm
2
scale devices offering 100fJ switching operation under picoseconds-scale switching speed. Fabrication process allows controlling the Quality factor of each nanocavity resonance, leading to opportunities to implement architectures involving cascaded gates and multi-wavelength signaling. In this paper, we investigate the design of cascaded gates architecture using nanocavities in the context of stochastic computing. We propose a transmission model considering key nanocavity device parameters, such as Quality factors, resonance wavelength, and switching efficiency. The model is calibrated with experimental measurements. We propose the design of XOR gate and multiplexer. We illustrate the use of the gates to design an edge detection filter. System-level exploration of laser power, bit-stream length and bit-error rate is carried out for the processing of gray-scale images. The results show that the proposed architecture leads to 8.5nJ/pixel energy consumption and 512ns/pixel processing time.
Center Variability in Medicare Claims–Based Publicly Reported Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Outcome Measures
Authors: Thompson Michael P. , Hou Hechuan , Brescia Alexander A. , Pagani Francis D. , Sukul Devraj , McCullough Jeffrey S. , Likosky Donald S. 
Published: October 2021

Background
Public reporting of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) claims–based outcome measures is used to identify high‐ and low‐performing centers. Whether claims‐based TAVR outcomes can reliably be used for center‐level comparisons is unknown. In this study, we sought to evaluate center variability in claims‐based TAVR outcomes used in public reporting.

Methods and Results
The study sample included 119 554 Medicare beneficiaries undergoing TAVR between January 2014 and October 2018 based on procedure codes in 100% Medicare inpatient claims. Multivariable hierarchical logistic regression was used to estimate center‐specific adjusted rates and reliability (R) of 30‐day mortality, discharge not to home/self‐care, 30‐day stroke, and 30‐day readmission. Reliability was defined as the ratio of between‐hospital variation to the sum of the between‐ and within‐hospital variation. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) center‐level adjusted outcome rates were 3.1% (2.9%–3.4%) for 30‐day mortality, 41.4% (31.3%–53.4%) for discharge not to home, 2.5% (2.3%–2.7%) for 30‐day stroke, and 14.9% (14.4%–15.5%) for 30‐day readmission. Median reliability was highest for the discharge not to home measure (R=0.95; IQR, 0.94–0.97), followed by the 30‐day stroke (R=0.92; IQR, 0.87–0.94), 30‐day mortality (R=0.86; IQR, 0.81–0.91), and 30‐day readmission measures (R=0.42; IQR, 0.35–0.51). Across outcomes, there was an inverse relationship between center volume and measure reliability.

Conclusions
Claims‐based TAVR outcome measures for mortality, discharge not to home, and stroke were reliable measures for center‐level comparisons, but readmission measures were unreliable. Stakeholders should consider these findings when evaluating claims‐based measures to compare center‐level TAVR performance.
Temporal Trends and Factors Associated With the Inclusion of Patient‐Reported Outcomes in Heart Failure Randomized Controlled Trials: A Systematic Review
Authors: Eliya Yousif , Averbuch Tauben , Le NhatChinh , Xie Feng , Thabane Lehana , Mamas Mamas A. , Van Spall Harriette G. C. 
Published: October 2021

Background
Patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) are important measures of treatment response in heart failure. We assessed temporal trends in and factors associated with inclusion of PROs in heart failure randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods and Results

We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL for studies published between January 2000 and July 2020 in journals with an impact factor ≥10. We assessed temporal trends using the Jonckheere‐Terpstra test and conducted multivariable logistic regression to explore trial characteristics associated with PRO inclusion. We assessed the quality of PRO reporting using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) PRO extension. Of 417 RCTs included, PROs were reported in 226 (54.2%; 95% CI, 49.3%–59.1%), with increased reporting between 2000 and 2020 (
P
<0.001). The odds of PRO inclusion were greater in RCTs that were published in recent years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] per year, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.04–1.12;
P
<0.001), multicenter (aOR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.03–3.46;
P
=0.040), medium‐sized (aOR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.26–4.40;
P
=0.008), coordinated in Central and South America (aOR, 5.93; 95% CI, 1.14–30.97;
P
=0.035), and tested health service (aOR, 3.12; 95% CI, 1.49–6.55;
P
=0.003), device/surgical (aOR, 6.66; 95% CI, 3.15–14.05;
P
<0.001), or exercise (aOR, 4.66; 95% CI, 1.81–12.00;
P
=0.001) interventions. RCTs reported a median of 4 (interquartile interval , 3–6) of a possible of 11 CONSORT PRO items.

Conclusions
Just over half of all heart failure RCTs published in high impact factor journals between 2000 and 2020 included PROs, with increased inclusion of PROs over time. Trials that were large, tested pharmaceutical interventions, and coordinated in North America / Europe had lower adjusted odds of reporting PROs relative to other trials. The quality of PRO reporting was modest.