bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping of Community Empowerment in Prevention Stunting in Kabupaten Wonogiri Through “Sego Sak Ceting”
Authors: Suranny Lilyk Eka , Maharani Fitriana Christi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The prevalence of stunting in Kabupaten Wonogiri is still quite high. The factors that cause stunting include the lack of food availability in the household and the mother’s knowledge of good nutrition during pregnancy and child birth. One of the stunting prevention programs in Kabupaten Wonogiri is through community empowerment known as “Sego Sak Ceting”(Sesarengan Wargo Beraksi Cegah Stunting). This activity was initiated by Puskesmas Giriwoyo I, Kabupaten Wonogiri. Sego Sak Ceting program is focused on improving household food availability as well as increasing maternal knowledge about good nutrition during pregnancy and childbirth. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the stages of community empowerment activities through Sego Sak Ceting and (2) to analyze the effectiveness of the program in the context of reducing stunting in KabupatenWonogiri. The data collection was conducted by doing observation, interviews, and literature study, and the data analysis was the qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the stages of community empowerment activities through Sego Sak Ceting, namely socialization of the program to the target community; implementation of activities as well as monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of activities. Community empowerment throughSego Sak Cetinghas succeeded in: (1) reducing the percentage of pregnant women with Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) from 9.5% to 5.42%; (2) reducing the percentage of Low Birth Weight (LBW) from 5.2% to 3%; (3) increasing the percentage of participation of pregnant women in the class of pregnant women from 82.48% to 85.10%; (4) increasing the percentage of attendance of mothers with toddlersto Posyandu/Integrated Healtcare Center from 82.48% to 85.10%. Sego Sak Ceting can improve the awareness and knowledge of society that handling and preventing the stunting is responsible of local government, corporation, and society.
UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) for Landslide Analysis Case Study in Grenggeng Village, Kebumen District, Central Java
Authors: Afif M. A. , Wibowo D. A. , Raharjo P. D. , Winduhutomo S. , Puswanto E. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Remote sensing technology has developed rapidly; one of them is data acquisition techniques using UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle). With high-resolution aerial photographs, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can be a flexible, cost-effective, and accurate monitoring of landslide technique. This research aimed to determine and test the utilization of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in congested areas. Data was collected at Grenggeng Village, Kebumen Regency, using unmanned aerial vehicles cruising altitude of 90 – 110 meters above ground level and a spatial resolution of 5 – 10 cm over a 0.200 km2 area. In November 2020, the research site will be a landslide area with similar rock lithology to the Halang Formation’s sandstone and claystone layers. Direct field observations revealed the geological structures involved and the rock lithology that produced the slip field, seepage, and the sorts of vegetation that the community had planted. According to aerial photography data, the relief appears to be a straight-line pattern in the direction of the geological structure, the slope of the layers, and different vegetation. Aerial photography using UAV can also be used to carry out rehabilitation and reconstruction techniques.
Metabolomic signature of spermatozoa established during holding time is responsible for differences in boar sperm freezability
Authors: Torres Mariana A , Pedrosa Ana Carolina , Novais Francisco José , Alkmin Diego V , Cooper Bruce R , Yasui George S , Fukumasu Heidge , Machaty Zoltan , de Andrade André F C 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHolding at room temperature is the first step in most boar semen cryopreservation protocols. It is well accepted that a holding time (HT) of 24 h increases sperm cryotolerance. However, the effect of HT on ejaculates with different freezability is not entirely clear. The aim of this study was to understand how HT influences spermatic and seminal plasma metabolite profiles of boar ejaculates and how these possible changes affect freezability. A total of 27 ejaculates were collected and extended to 1:1 (v: v) with BTS and split into two aliquots. The first aliquot was cryopreserved without HT (0 h), and the second was held at 17°C for 24 h before cryopreservation. Spermatozoa and seminal plasma were collected by centrifugation at two times, before HT (0 h) and after HT (24 h), and subsequently frozen until metabolite extraction and UPLC–MS analysis. After thawing, the semen samples were evaluated for kinetics, membrane integrity, mitochondrial potential, membrane lipid peroxidation, and fluidity. The ejaculates were then allocated into two phenotypes (good ejaculate freezers [GEF] and poor ejaculate freezers [PEF]) based on the percent reduction in sperm quality (%RSQ) as determined by the difference in total motility and membrane integrity between raw and post-thaw samples cryopreserved after 24 h of HT. The metabolic profile of the seminal plasma did not seem to influence ejaculate freezability, but that of the spermatozoa were markedly different between GEF and PEF. We identified a number of metabolic markers in the sperm cells (including inosine, hypoxanthine, creatine, ADP, niacinamide, spermine, and 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine) that were directly related to the improvement of ejaculate freezability during HT; these were components of metabolic pathways associated with energy production. Furthermore, PEF showed an upregulation in the arginine and proline as well as the glutathione metabolism pathways. These findings help to better understand the effect of HT on boar sperm freezability and propose prospective metabolic markers that may predict freezability; this has implications in both basic and applied sciences.
VEGFA165 can rescue excess steroid secretion, inflammatory markers, and follicle arrest in the ovarian cortex of High A4 cows
Authors: Abedal-Majed Mohamed A , Springman Shelby A , Sutton Courtney M , Snider Alexandria P , Bell Brooke E , Hart Mariah , Kurz Scott G , Bergman Jeff , Summers Adam F , McFee Renee M , Davis John S , Wood Jennifer R , Cupp Andrea S 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA population of cows with excess androstenedione (A4; High A4) in follicular fluid, with follicular arrest, granulosa cell dysfunction, and a 17% reduction in calving rate was previously identified. We hypothesized that excess A4 in the ovarian microenvironment caused the follicular arrest in High A4 cows and that vascular endothelial growth factor A would rescue the High A4 phenotype. In trial 1, prior to culture, High A4 ovarian cortex (n = 9) had greater numbers of early stage follicles (primordial) and fewer later-stage follicles compared to controls (n = 11). Culture for 7 days did not relieve this follicular arrest; instead, High A4 ovarian cortex had increased indicators of inflammation, anti-Mullerian hormone, and A4 secretion compared to controls. In trial 2, we tested if vascular endothelial growth factor A isoforms could rescue the High A4 phenotype. High A4 (n = 5) and control (n = 5) ovarian cortex was cultured with (1) PBS, (2) VEGFA165 (50 ng/mL), (3) VEGFA165B (50 ng/mL), or (4) VEGFA165 + VEGFA165B (50 ng/mL each) for 7 days. Follicular progression increased with VEGFA165 in High A4 cows with greater early primary, primary, and secondary follicles than controls. Similar to trial 1, High A4 ovarian cortex secreted greater concentrations of A4 and other steroids and had greater indicators of inflammation compared to controls. However, VEGFA165 rescued steroidogenesis, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. The VEGFA165 and VEGFA165b both reduced IL-13, INFα, and INFβ secretion in High A4 cows to control levels. Thus, VEGFA165 may be a potential therapeutic to restore the ovarian steroidogenic microenvironment and may promote folliculogenesis.
High altitude exposure affects male reproductive parameters: could it also affect the prostate?
Authors: Alcantara-Zapata Diana Elizabeth , Llanos Aníbal J , Nazzal Carolina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLiving at high altitudes and living with prostatic illness are two different conditions closely related to a hypoxic environment. People at high altitudes exposed to acute, chronic or intermittent hypobaric hypoxia turn on several mechanisms at the system, cellular, and molecular level to cope with oxygen atmosphere scarcity maintaining the oxygen homeostasis. This exposure affects the whole organism and function of many systems, such as cardiovascular, respiratory, and reproductive. On the other hand, malignant prostate is related to the scarcity of oxygen in the tissue microenvironment due to its low availability and high consumption due to the swift cell proliferation rates. Based on the literature, this similarity in the oxygen scarcity suggests that hypobaric hypoxia, and other common factors between these two conditions, could be involved in the aggravation of the pathological prostatic status. However, there is still a lack of evidence in the association of this disease in males at high altitudes. This review aims to examine the possible mechanisms that hypobaric hypoxia might negatively add to the pathological prostate function in males who live and work at high altitudes. More profound investigations of hypobaric hypoxia’s direct action on the prostate could help understand this exposure’s effect and prevent worse prostate illness impact in males at high altitudes.
Trends in hospitalization of patients with diabetes mellitus in Ghana from 2012 to 2017 with predictions to 2032
Authors: Narh Clement T , Der Joyce B , Ofosu Anthony , Blettner Maria , Wollschlaeger Daniel 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
This study explores sociodemographic and health factors associated with hospitalizing diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and estimates the number of future hospitalizations for DM in Ghana.

Methods
We conducted a secondary analysis using nationally representative patient hospitalization data provided by the Ghana Health Service and projected population counts from the Ghana Statistical Service. Data were stratified by year, age, sex and region. We employed Poisson regression to determine associations between sociodemographic and health factors and hospitalization rates of DM patients. Using projected population counts, the number of DM-related hospitalizations for 2018 through 2032 were predicted. We analysed 39 846 DM records from nearly three million hospitalizations over a 6-y period (2012–2017).

Results
Most hospitalized DM patients were elderly, female and from the Eastern Region. The hospitalization rate for DM was higher among patients ages 75–79 y (rate ratio [RR] 23.7 [95% confidence interval {CI} 18.6 to 30.3]) compared with those ages 25–29 y, females compared with males (RR 1.9 [95% CI 1.4 to 2.5]) and the Eastern Region compared with the Greater Accra Region (RR 1.9 [95% CI 1.7 to 2.2]). The predicted number of DM hospitalizations in 2022 was 11 202, in 2027 it was 12 414 and in 2032 it was 13 651.

Conclusions
Females and older patients are more at risk to be hospitalized, therefore these groups need special surveillance with targeted public health education aimed at behavioural changes.
An optimised one-way wave migration method for complex media with arbitrarily varying velocity based on eigen-decomposition
Authors: Li Anyu , Liu Xuewei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The classical one-way generalised screen propagator (GSP) and Fourier finite-difference (FFD) schemes have limitations in imaging large angles in complex media with substantial lateral variations in wave velocity. Some improvements to the classical one-way wave scheme have been proposed with optimised methods. However, the performance of these methods in imaging complex media remains unsatisfying. To overcome this issue, a new strategy for wavefield extrapolation based on the eigenvalue and eigenvector decomposition of the Helmholtz operator is presented herein. In this method, the square root operator is calculated after the decomposition of the Helmholtz operator at the product of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Then, Euler transformation is applied using the best polynomial approximation of the trigonometric function based on the infinite norm, and the propagator for one-way wave migration is calculated. According to this scheme, a one-way operator can be computed more accurately with a lower-order expansion. The imaging performance of this scheme was compared with that of the classical GSP, FFD and the recently developed full-wave-equation depth migration (FWDM) schemes. The impulse responses in media with arbitrary velocity inhomogeneity demonstrate that the proposed migration scheme performs better at large angles than the classical GSP scheme. The wavefronts calculated in the dipping and salt dome models illustrate that this scheme can provide a precise wavefield calculation. The applications of the Marmousi model further demonstrate that the proposed approach can achieve better-migrated results in imaging small-scale and complex structures, especially in media with steep-dipping faults.
The Right to Say No to Imposed Development: Human Rights Vernacularization in Reverse in South Africa
Authors: Huizenga Daniel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper I contribute to critical literature on human rights practice by emphasizing how communities in South Africa leverage emerging transnational human rights norms to make progressive claims to property based on a revitalized customary law. I show the extent to which international Indigenous and peasant peoples’ rights are an important interpretive resource in contemporary struggles against the powers of autocratic traditional leaders and extractive industry. In an effort to emphasize the agency of rural communities, I develop a conceptual framework examining ‘law from below’ and the importance of studying ‘property in the margins’. I demonstrate that the use of Indigenous rights norms in South African litigation and social struggle is a process of human rights vernacularization in reverse whereby norms are developed locally through struggle and deliberation and translated into legal venues, effecting shifts in human rights norms and practice.
Morphometric parameters predict body fat proportions in common hamsters
Authors: Siutz Carina , Ruf Thomas , Monecke Stefanie , Millesi Eva 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCommon hamsters (Cricetus cricetus) are hibernators that rely both on body fat reserves and food stores for the winter period. They face an ongoing population decline in most parts of their distribution and recently were classified as critically endangered. Knowledge on individual body fat proportions in this species is of particular interest for conservation, because it could contribute to better understand the high plasticity in overwintering strategies, overwinter mortality rates, individual variations in reproductive output, and give information on the animals’ health state. To calculate body fat proportions, we validated a method that can be applied in the field without the use of anesthesia. To develop this method, we first analyzed the body fat in carcasses of common hamsters using Soxhlet extractions and measured four morphometric parameters (body mass, head length, tibia length, foot length). The morphometric measurements were then integrated in a linear regression model to predict body fat proportions based on the measured values. The morphometric variables yielded an explained variance (adjusted R2) of 96.42% and body fat proportions were predicted with a mean absolute error of 1.27 ± 0.11% from measured values. We applied the model to predict body fat for available field data, which consistently produced reliable values. By measuring the four morphometric parameters and following the provided instructions, body fat proportions can be reliably and noninvasively estimated in captive or free-ranging common hamsters. Furthermore, the method could be applicable to other rodents after species-specific validation.
Skeletal radiographic anatomy of echidnas: insights into unusual mammals
Authors: Wheelhouse Jaimee , Vogelnest Larry , Nicoll Robert G 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Long-beaked echidnas (Zaglossus spp.) have received less attention in the literature than Short-beaked echidnas (Tachyglossus aculeatus). Their natural history, anatomy, and physiology are poorly known. To improve our understanding of this unique group, we undertook a radiographic study of the Eastern long-beaked echidna (Zaglossus bartoni), and provide a comparative analysis of its radiographic skeletal anatomy with that of T. aculeatus. We examine conventional radiography and computed tomographic images of Zaglossus and Tachyglossus, describe the anatomical features of Zaglossus, and compare those with Tachyglossus. We provide evidence of epicoracoid overlap in echidnas, a feature not well documented in monotremes. The significance of epicoracoid overlap requires further investigation. Our study is intended as a reference for the radiographic anatomy of Z. bartoni.
Variation in the Myotis keaysi complex (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), with description of a new species from Ecuador
Authors: Novaes Roberto Leonan M , Cláudio Vinícius C , Carrión-Bonilla Carlos , Abreu Edson F , Wilson Don E , Maldonado Jesús E , Weksler Marcelo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The genus Myotis comprises a diverse group of vespertilionid bats with worldwide distribution. Twenty-eight Neotropical species are currently recognized. In this study, we evaluate molecular and morphological variation in the M. keaysi complex, a high elevation clade of Neotropical myotine bats characterized by complex taxonomy and high morphological variation. A phylogeny inferred with cytochrome-b sequences recovered two clades composed of samples traditionally assigned to M. keaysi, with 9% of genetic divergence between them. These clades were also suggested as putative distinct species by molecular species delimitation methods. Qualitative and quantitative morphological analyses indicated a phenotypic discontinuity between specimens from central Andes (including the holotype of M. keaysi) and western lowlands of Ecuador, showing strong congruence between molecular and morphological approaches. We therefore describe a new species for the Tumbes-Choco-Magdalena region, documenting their external and cranial diagnostic characters by comparing them with other Neotropical species. In addition, we provide an emended diagnosis for our new concept of M. keaysi.
The Effect of Nicotine Dependence on the Risk of Developing Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: Results From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions
Authors: Ibrahim Christine , Le Foll Bernard , Hassan Ahmed N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Introduction
It is evident that an association between smoking and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) exists, but research is lacking in establishing the directionality of the relationship.

Aims and Methods
We used longitudinal data from waves I (2001–2002) and II (2004–2005) of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Individuals with nicotine dependence (ND) were matched to individuals without ND using propensity score matching to estimate the risk of developing PTSD after trauma. We also matched smokers (with or without ND) to lifetime nonsmokers to estimate their risk of developing PTSD after trauma. Lastly, we conducted a mediation analysis on the effect of ND severity on PTSD symptoms.

Results
Individuals with ND (n = 1514) were more likely to develop PTSD (odds ratio: 1.59; 95% confidence interval: 1.09–2.32; p = .017) compared with individuals without ND (n = 6047). Smokers (regardless of ND status) (n = 2335) compared with nonsmokers (n = 5226) had no significant effect on risk of PTSD (p = .26). Withdrawal was found to be a mediator of the effect of ND severity on PTSD symptoms.

Conclusions
ND, but not smoking status, increases a smoker’s risk of developing PTSD. This provides information that could aid in preventive strategies for individuals with ND who are exposed to trauma.

Implications
This study provides evidence in a national representative sample of adults in the United States that ND may increase one’s risk of developing PTSD after exposure to trauma. It also shows the directionality of the association between smoking and PTSD. Lastly, it demonstrates that withdrawal may be the link to the association between ND and PTSD. We hope that with these findings, preventative strategies are put in place for smokers who are dependent and are exposed to trauma, such that they do not develop PTSD.
Neural mechanisms that promote food consumption following sleep loss and social stress: an fMRI study in adolescent girls with overweight/obesity
Authors: Jensen Chad D , Zaugg Kelsey K , Muncy Nathan M , Allen Whitney D , Blackburn Robyn , Duraccio Kara M , Barnett Kimberly A , Brock Kirwan C , Jarcho Johanna M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Study Objectives
Insufficient sleep and social stress are associated with weight gain and obesity development in adolescent girls. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research suggests that altered engagement of emotion-related neural networks may explain overeating when under stress. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of acute sleep restriction on female adolescents’ neural responding during social evaluative stress and their subsequent eating behavior.

Methods
Forty-two adolescent females (ages 15−18 years) with overweight or obesity completed a social stress induction task in which they were told they would be rated by peers based on their photograph and profile. Participants were randomly assigned to one night of sleep deprivation or 9 h of sleep the night before undergoing fMRI while receiving positive and negative evaluations from their peers. After which, subjects participated in an ad libitum buffet.

Results
Sleep deprived, relative to nondeprived girls had distinct patterns of neural engagement to positive and negative evaluation in anterior, mid, and posterior aspects of midline brain structures. Moreover, a sleep deprivation-by-evaluation valence-by-caloric intake interaction emerged in bilateral dorsal anterior cingulate. Among sleep deprived girls, greater engagement during negative, but not positive, feedback was associated with lower caloric intake. This was not observed for nonsleep deprived girls.

Conclusions
Results suggest an interaction between acute sleep loss and social evaluation that predicts emotion-related neural activation and caloric intake in adolescents. This research helps to elucidate the relationship between sleep loss, social stress, and weight status using a novel health neuroscience model.