bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translational Model of Cortical Premotor-Motor Networks
Authors: Kreis Svenja L , Luhmann Heiko J , Ciolac Dumitru , Groppa Sergiu , Muthuraman Muthuraman 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Deciphering the physiological patterns of motor network connectivity is a prerequisite to elucidate aberrant oscillatory transformations and elaborate robust translational models of movement disorders. In the proposed translational approach, we studied the connectivity between premotor (PMC) and primary motor cortex (M1) by recording high-density electroencephalography in humans and between caudal (CFA) and rostral forelimb (RFA) areas by recording multi-site extracellular activity in mice to obtain spectral power, functional and effective connectivity. We identified a significantly higher spectral power in β- and γ-bands in M1compared to PMC and similarly in mice CFA layers (L) 2/3 and 5 compared to RFA. We found a strong functional β-band connectivity between PMC and M1 in humans and between CFA L6 and RFA L5 in mice. We observed that in both humans and mice the direction of information flow mediated by β- and γ-band oscillations was predominantly from PMC toward M1 and from RFA to CFA, respectively. Combining spectral power, functional and effective connectivity, we revealed clear similarities between human PMC-M1 connections and mice RFA-CFA network. We propose that reciprocal connectivity of mice RFA-CFA circuitry presents a suitable model for analysis of motor control and physiological PMC-M1 functioning or pathological transformations within this network.
Antibody-Free Quantification of Serum Chromogranin A by Targeted Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Weber Darren M , Yang Jane Y , Goldman Scott M , Clarke Nigel J , Taylor Steven W , McPhaul Michael J 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Chromogranin A (CgA) is a 48 kDa protein that serves as a diagnostically sensitive, but nonspecific, serum biomarker for neuroendocrine tumors. Immunoassays for CgA are not standardized and have a narrow dynamic range, which requires dilution of concentrated specimens. We developed and validated an antibody-free, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS)-based method for CgA without these limitations.

Methods
CgA was extracted from serum using a mixed-mode anion exchange solid-phase extraction plate, digested with trypsin, and analyzed by LC–MS/MS using well-characterized CgA calibration standards. After validation, the mass spectrometry method was compared with the CISBIO immunoassay using 200 serum specimens previously submitted for CgA analysis. Specimens with discordant results were reanalyzed by high-resolution mass spectrometry- (HRMS) -based methods to assess the contribution of truncated and post-translationally modified forms of CgA.

Results
The assay had a linear range of 50 to 50 000 ng/mL, recoveries between 89% and 115%, and intra- and interassay imprecision &lt;10%. LC–MS/MS assay results showed a Pearson’s correlation of r = 0.953 with the CISBIO immunoassay, with CgA values being a mean 2- to 4-fold higher. Concordance for CgA between the 2 assays was 80.9% (95% CI 72.8%–89.2%), showing substantial agreement. Truncation and posttranslational modification, including 2 phosphorylation sites that had not been previously observed or predicted to our knowledge, did not appear to contribute directly to discordance between the 2 assays.

Conclusion
Quantification of CgA by LC–MS/MS provides an analytically sensitive and reproducible alternative to commercially available immunoassays.
QSDB—a graphical Quorum Sensing Database
Authors: Klein Karsten , Garkov Dimitar , Rütschlin Sina , Böttcher Thomas , Schreiber Falk 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The human microbiome is largely shaped by the chemical interactions of its microbial members, which includes cross-talk via shared signals or quenching of the signalling of other species. Quorum sensing is a process that allows microbes to coordinate their behaviour in dependence of their population density and to adjust gene expression accordingly. We present the Quorum Sensing Database (QSDB), a comprehensive database of all published sensing and quenching relations between organisms and signalling molecules of the human microbiome, as well as an interactive web interface that allows browsing the database, provides graphical depictions of sensing mechanisms as Systems Biology Graphical Notation diagrams and links to other databases.
Database URL: QSDB (Quorum Sensing DataBase) is freely available via an interactive web interface and as a downloadable csv file at http://qsdb.org.
Asser and the Writing of West Saxon Charters
Authors: Gallagher Robert 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article uses the evidence of vocabulary to explore the connections between the two most substantial bodies of Latin literature to survive from late ninth-century and early tenth-century Britain, namely Asser’s famed Life of King Alfred and the corpus of Anglo-Saxon charters. By doing so, several hitherto unidentified connections are made that offer important new evidence in two regards. First, they add significant weight to the view that Asser’s Life is an authentic text of the late ninth century. Secondly, they provide rare insights into the reception of Asser’s Latinity in early medieval England. Throughout, particular attention is given to a single royal diploma of Edward the Elder that purports to have been issued at a meeting at Bicanleag in 904. External evidence tells us that Asser was present at this meeting, and, given the concentration of phrasal echoes of the Life within this document, it is suggested that it was composed by Asser himself. If this suggestion is correct, this charter therefore not only extends and expands Asser’s activity as a Latin author within the West Saxon royal milieu, but it also enhances our view of the episcopal and international contribution to the production of royal diplomatic in early medieval England.
Grandchild Care and Well-Being: Gender Differences in Mental Health Effects of Caregiving Grandparents
Authors: Notter Isabelle R 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The literature on the gendered differences of mental health as a result of grandchild care has shown mixed results. Research on grandchild care further suggests that nonresidential grandchild care improves mental health outcomes, while residential grandchild care arrangements decrease mental health outcomes in grandparents. The moderating or buffering role of social engagement remains understudied in the grandchild care–mental health relationship. This study examines mental health effect differences between caregiving grandmothers and grandfathers and the moderating effects of social engagement.

Methods
Using 2002–2012 data from the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults aged 50 and older, I examine the mental health effects of grandchild care and the moderating effect of social engagement in fixed effects models.

Results
Grandfathers experience particularly worsened mental health outcomes when providing grandchild care in a skipped-generation household. Both grandmothers and grandfathers experience mental health improvements from increased social engagement. Social engagement, particularly for grandmothers, serves as a buffer or produces role enhancement for grandmothers in skipped-generation care arrangements.

Discussion
Nonresidential and residential grandchild care affects mental health outcomes differently for grandmothers and grandfathers. However, social engagement consistently serves as a buffer or mental health improvement for all grandparents. Findings further encourage the continued study of social engagement and gender differences in older adults more broadly.
Thermal stress reduces carbonate production of benthic foraminifera and changes the material properties of their shells
Authors: Titelboim Danna , Lord Oliver T , Schmidt Daniela N 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In shallow marine environments, benthic foraminifera are important foundation species and carbonate producers. Understanding their response to future climate is often drawn from their acclimation potential in short laboratory experiments, thereby limiting our understanding of migration, species replacement, and adaptive potential. To overcome this challenge, we examine two species of benthic foraminifera from a thermally polluted field site mimicking future warming. This site and a control station cover 13–36°C causing both warm and cold stress to the local species. Computer Tomography reveals that under heat stress, even with acclimation, Lachlanella significantly reduced its shell volume. In contrast, Pararotalia calcariformata did not reduce its shell volume but reduced the relative amount of calcite with respect to shell volume and changed its reproduction cycle from twice to once per year. Raman spectroscopy indicates that thermal conditions alter the chemical composition of the calcite shells of both species. Calcification during thermal stress creates alterations in the crystal structure that are unexpectedly more prominent under cold stress than warm stress indicating warming might positively affect the shell's protective function. Supported by previous laboratory experiments and observations from the geological record, our results provide new perspective to the effect of warming on benthic foraminifera.
Jensen’s Inequality for Separately Convex Noncommutative Functions
Authors: Humeniuk Adam 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Classically, Jensen’s Inequality asserts that if $X$ is a compact convex set, and $f:K\to {\mathbb {R}}$ is a convex function, then for any probability measure $\mu $ on $K$, that $f(\text {bar}(\mu ))\le \int f\; \text {d}\mu $, where $\text {bar}(\mu )$ is the barycenter of $\mu $. Recently, Davidson and Kennedy proved a noncommutative (“nc”) version of Jensen’s inequality that applies to nc convex functions, which take matrix values, with probability measures replaced by ucp maps. In the classical case, if $f$ is only a separately convex function, then $f$ still satisfies the Jensen inequality for any probability measure that is a product measure. We prove a noncommutative Jensen inequality for functions that are separately nc convex in each variable. The inequality holds for a large class of ucp maps that satisfy a noncommutative analogue of Fubini’s theorem. This class of ucp maps includes any free product of ucp maps built from Boca’s theorem, or any ucp map that is conditionally free in the free-probabilistic sense of Młotkowski. As an application to free probability, we obtain some operator inequalities for conditionally free ucp maps applied to free semicircular families.
Amalgamation and Injectivity in Banach Lattices
Authors: Avilés Antonio , Tradacete Pedro 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We study distinguished objects in the category $\mathcal{B}\mathcal{L}$ of Banach lattices and lattice homomorphisms. The free Banach lattice construction introduced by de Pagter and Wickstead [ 8] generates push-outs, and combining this with an old result of Kellerer [ 17] on marginal measures, the amalgamation property of Banach lattices is established. This will be the key tool to prove that $L_1([0,1]^{\mathfrak{c}})$ is separably $\mathcal{B}\mathcal{L}$-injective, as well as to give more abstract examples of Banach lattices of universal disposition for separable sublattices. Finally, an analysis of the ideals on $C(\Delta ,L_1)$, which is a separably universal Banach lattice as shown by Leung et al. [ 21], allows us to conclude that separably $\mathcal{B}\mathcal{L}$-injective Banach lattices are necessarily non-separable.
Dynamics of the Cellular and Humoral Immune Response After BNT162b2 Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination in COVID-19-Naive Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Van Praet Jens T , Vandecasteele Stefaan , De Roo Anneleen , Vynck Matthijs , De Vriese An S , Reynders Marijke 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Short-term humoral and cellular immune responses are diminished after BNT162b2 messenger ribonucleic acid coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in COVID-19-naive nursing home residents, a population particularly vulnerable to the disease. We found both responses to decline after 4 weeks and remain lower than those of healthcare workers after 24 weeks, with an estimated half-life of the antibody response of 47 days. At 4 weeks, older age was significantly associated with a decreased humoral response, and diabetes mellitus and active malignancy were associated with a decreased cellular response. Our results imply that COVID-19-naive nursing home residents are a target group for booster vaccination trials.
Update on the epidemiology of healthcare-acquired bacterial infections: focus on complicated skin and skin structure infections
Authors: Wilcox Mark H , Dryden Matthew 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHealthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are a threat to patient safety and cause substantial medical and economic burden in acute care and long-term care facilities. Risk factors for HCAIs include patient characteristics, the type of care and the setting. Local surveillance data and microbiological characterization are crucial tools for guiding antimicrobial treatment and informing efforts to reduce the incidence of HCAI. Skin and soft tissue infections, including superficial and deep incisional surgical site infections, are among the most frequent HCAIs. Other skin and soft tissue infections associated with healthcare settings include vascular access site infections, infected burns and traumas, and decubitus ulcer infections.
A Framework of Brand Contestation: Toward Brand Antifragility
Authors: Dietrich Daniel , Russell Cristel Antonia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe consumer literature on branding to date coalesces around the notion that brands are constantly contested. Brand contestation arises where the actions of consumer brand actors meet, and sometimes confront, those of the brands’ legal owners. This article integrates the extant branding research, a qualitative prestudy, and two complementary empirical studies to advance a theoretical process model of brand contestation. First, an in-depth analysis of thirty historical cases reveals its dynamics and how both the magnitude of contestation and the momentum of mobilization affect brand contestations’ scope and evolution. Second, interviews with upper-level marketing and branding executives add an emerging perspective that brand managers can use the energy generated by consumers’ contestation to develop antifragility—a brand’s ability to grow and thrive as a result of contestation.
Effects of non-vanishing dark matter pressure in the Milky Way Galaxy
Authors: Boshkayev K , Konysbayev T , Kurmanov E , Luongo O , Malafarina D , Mutalipova K , Zhumakhanova G 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
We consider the possibility that the Milky Way’s dark matter halo possesses a non-vanishing equation of state. Consequently, we evaluate the contribution due to the speed of sound, assuming that the dark matter content of the galaxy behaves like a fluid with pressure. In particular, we model the dark matter distribution via an exponential sphere profile in the galactic core, and inner parts of the galaxy whereas we compare the exponential sphere with three widely used profiles for the halo, i.e. the Einasto, Burkert and Isothermal profile. For the galactic core, we also compare the effects due to a dark matter distribution without black hole with the case of a supermassive black hole in vacuum and show that present observations are unable to distinguish them. Finally we investigate the expected experimental signature provided by gravitational lensing due to the presence of dark matter in the core.
Gamma-ray blazar variability: new statistical methods of time-flux distributions
Authors: Duda Jarosław , Bhatta Gopal 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Variable γ-ray emission from blazars, one of the most powerful classes of astronomical sources featuring relativistic jets, is a widely discussed topic. In this work, we present the results of a variability study of a sample of 20 blazars using γ-ray (0.1–300 GeV) observations from Fermi/LAT telescope. Using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) methods, we find that the probability density functions that best describe the γ-ray blazar flux distributions use the stable distribution family, which generalizes the Gaussian distribution. The results suggest that the average behaviour of the γ-ray flux variability over this period can be characterized by log-stable distributions. For most of the sample sources, this estimate leads to standard lognormal distribution (α = 2). However, a few sources clearly display heavy tail distributions (MLE leads to α &lt; 2), suggesting underlying multiplicative processes of infinite variance. Furthermore, the light curves were analysed by employing novel non-stationarity and autocorrelation analyses. The former analysis allowed us to quantitatively evaluate non-stationarity in each source – finding the forgetting rate (corresponding to decay time) maximizing the log-likelihood for the modelled evolution of the probability density functions. Additionally, evaluation of local variability allows us to detect local anomalies, suggesting a transient nature of some of the statistical properties of the light curves. With the autocorrelation analysis, we examined the lag dependence of the statistical behaviour of all the {(yt, yt + l)} points, described by various mixed moments, allowing us to quantitatively evaluate multiple characteristic time scales and implying possible hidden periodic processes.
Anomaly detection in Hyper Suprime-Cam galaxy images with generative adversarial networks
Authors: Storey-Fisher Kate , Huertas-Company Marc , Ramachandra Nesar , Lanusse Francois , Leauthaud Alexie , Luo Yifei , Huang Song , Prochaska J Xavier 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
The problem of anomaly detection in astronomical surveys is becoming increasingly important as data sets grow in size. We present the results of an unsupervised anomaly detection method using a Wasserstein generative adversarial network (WGAN) on nearly one million optical galaxy images in the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) survey. The WGAN learns to generate realistic HSC-like galaxies that follow the distribution of the data set; anomalous images are defined based on a poor reconstruction by the generator and outlying features learned by the discriminator. We find that the discriminator is more attuned to potentially interesting anomalies compared to the generator, and compared to a simpler autoencoder-based anomaly detection approach, so we use the discriminator-selected images to construct a high-anomaly sample of ∼13 000 objects. We propose a new approach to further characterize these anomalous images: we use a convolutional autoencoder to reduce the dimensionality of the residual differences between the real and WGAN-reconstructed images and perform UMAP clustering on these. We report detected anomalies of interest including galaxy mergers, tidal features, and extreme star-forming galaxies. A follow-up spectroscopic analysis of one of these anomalies is detailed in the Appendix; we find that it is an unusual system most likely to be a metal-poor dwarf galaxy with an extremely blue, higher-metallicity H ii region. We have released a catalogue with the WGAN anomaly scores; the code and catalogue are available at https://github.com/kstoreyf/anomalies-GAN-HSC; and our interactive visualization tool for exploring the clustered data is at https://weirdgalaxi.es.
Optical turbulence and wind speed distributions above the Tibetan Plateau from balloon-borne microthermal measurements
Authors: Qing Chun , Luo Tao , Bi Cuicui , Li Xuebin , Cui Shengcheng , Yang Qike , Su Changdong , Wu Su , Qian Xianmei , Wu Xiaoqing , Zhu Wenyue 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
The vertical profiles of wind speed and the optical turbulence are critical to the design and operation of a new generation of highly sophisticated astronomical telescopes and adaptive optics instrumentation. We present the first study of the temporal evolution behaviours and probability distributions of wind speed [V(h) profiles, as well as the 200 hPa pressure level wind speed, V200] and optical turbulence [$C_n^2(h)$ profiles, and the most relevant integrated astronomical parameters derived from $C_n^2(h)$ profiles, i.e. the seeing ε, the isoplanatic angle θAO, the wavefront coherence time τAO, the average velocity of turbulence VAO, and the seeing layer height hAO] above the Dachaidan site of the Tibetan Plateau. The field campaigns of wind speed and optical turbulence were collected using the balloon-borne microthermal measurement system. From the whole field campaigns, the results are remarkable: The median VAO is 21.1 m s−1, the median V200 is 32.5 m s−1, the median hAO is 7566 m, the median ε is 1.04 arcsec (below 1.00 arcsec 52 per cent of the time), the median θAO is 0.74 arcsec, and the median τAO is 1.33 ms; these conditions are comparable to some of the best astronomical observatories in the world. In particular, the linear relationship of average velocity and 200 hPa level wind at this site is VAO = 0.627V200. In this study, we flag the temporal evolution and probability distribution feature of wind speed, optical turbulence profile, and the relevant integrated astronomical parameters for astronomical applications.
Racial and ethnic differences in COVID-19 hospitalizations by metropolitan status among Medicare beneficiaries, 1 January–31 December 2020
Authors: Chang Man-Huei , Moonesinghe Ramal , Truman Benedict I 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Risk for COVID-19 hospitalizations increases with increasing age and presence of underlying medical conditions. However, the burden has not been well-assessed in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas by race/ethnicity among Medicare population with chronic conditions.

Methods
We used the 2020 Medicare data to estimate COVID-19 hospitalization rates by race/ethnicity among Medicare beneficiaries for COVID-19 by metropolitan status and to assess the association of hospitalizations from COVID-19 with each of selected 29 chronic conditions for patients by metropolitan status and by race/ethnicity.

Results
The COVID-19 hospitalization rate was higher among beneficiaries residing in nonmetropolitan counties than those residing in metropolitan counties in 2020. Approximately 1 in 2 AI/AN, 1 in 3 NHB, Hispanic and A/PI, and 1 in 4 NHW beneficiaries with COVID-19 residing in nonmetropolitan counties were hospitalized. Beneficiaries with COVID-19 and chronic conditions were more likely to be hospitalized compared with those without chronic conditions.

Conclusions
Hospitalization rates among beneficiaries with COVID-19 and chronic conditions were not distributed equally by race/ethnicity and by metropolitan status. Researchers, policymakers and practitioners can use these findings to explore more effective ways of reducing racial/ethnic and geographic disparities among minorities disproportionately affected by COVID-19 and are at highest risk of hospitalization.