bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Talbot-Lau x-ray deflectometer: Refraction-based HEDP imaging diagnostic
Authors: Valdivia M. P. , Stutman D. , Stoeckl C. , Theobald W. , Collins G. W. , Bouffetier V. , Vescovi M. , Mileham C. , Begishev I. A. , Klein S. R. , Melean R. , Muller S. , Zou J. , Veloso F. , Casner A. , Beg F. N. , Regan S. P. 
Published: June 2021

Talbot-Lau x-ray interferometry has been implemented to map electron density gradients in High Energy Density Physics (HEDP) experiments. X-ray backlighter targets have been evaluated for Talbot-Lau X-ray Deflectometry (TXD). Cu foils, wires, and sphere targets have been irradiated by 10–150 J, 8–30 ps laser pulses, while two pulsed-power generators (∼350 kA, 350 ns and ∼200 kA, 150 ns) have driven Cu wire, hybrid, and laser-cut x-pinches. A plasma ablation front generated by the Omega EP laser was imaged for the first time through TXD for densities &gt;1023 cm−3. Backlighter optimization in combination with x-ray CCD, image plates, and x-ray film has been assessed in terms of spatial resolution and interferometer contrast for accurate plasma characterization through TXD in pulsed-power and high-intensity laser environments. The results obtained thus far demonstrate the potential of TXD as a powerful diagnostic for HEDP.
Optimized damping parameters for empirical dispersion corrections to symmetry-adapted perturbation theory
Authors: Schriber Jeffrey B. , Sirianni Dominic A. , Smith Daniel G. A. , Burns Lori A. , Sitkoff Doree , Cheney Daniel L. , Sherrill C. David 
Published: June 2021

Symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) has become an invaluable tool for studying the fundamental nature of non-covalent interactions by directly computing the electrostatics, exchange (steric) repulsion, induction (polarization), and London dispersion contributions to the interaction energy using quantum mechanics. Further application of SAPT is primarily limited by its computational expense, where even its most affordable variant (SAPT0) scales as the fifth power of system size [O(N5)] due to the dispersion terms. The algorithmic scaling of SAPT0 is reduced from O(N5)→O(N4) by replacing these terms with the empirical D3 dispersion correction of Grimme and co-workers, forming a method that may be termed SAPT0-D3. Here, we optimize the damping parameters for the -D3 terms in SAPT0-D3 using a much larger training set than has previously been considered, namely, 8299 interaction energies computed at the complete-basis-set limit of coupled cluster through perturbative triples [CCSD(T)/CBS]. Perhaps surprisingly, with only three fitted parameters, SAPT0-D3 improves on the accuracy of SAPT0, reducing mean absolute errors from 0.61 to 0.49 kcal mol−1 over the full set of complexes. Additionally, SAPT0-D3 exhibits a nearly 2.5× speedup over conventional SAPT0 for systems with ∼300 atoms and is applied here to systems with up to 459 atoms. Finally, we have also implemented a functional group partitioning of the approach (F-SAPT0-D3) and applied it to determine important contacts in the binding of salbutamol to G-protein coupled β1-adrenergic receptor in both active and inactive forms. SAPT0-D3 capabilities have been added to the open-source Psi4 software.
GULFMET EM-S3 comparison of AC-DC voltage transfer standards
Authors: Arifovic Mehedin , Kanatoğlu Naylan , AlJomaie Ahmed N , Alrobaish Abdullah M , Halawa Mamdouh , Golovins Eugene 
Published: June 2021

Main text
A comparison of AC-DC Voltage Transfer Standards between TÜBİTAK (Turkey), NMCC SASO (Saudi Arabia), NIS (Egypt) and NMISA (South Africa) conducted between February 2018 and April 2019. Fluke 792A is used as the traveling standard and TÜBİTAK acted as the pilot laboratory. Measurements are performed at 10 mV, 3 V @ 10 Hz, 55 Hz, 1 kHz, 20 kHz, 100 kHz and 1 MHz, and 1000 V @ 55 Hz, 1 kHz and 20 kHz.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
COOMET supplementary comparison on wavelength for fiber optics
Authors: Kravtsov Vladimir , Mitiurev Aleksei 
Published: June 2021

Main text
BelGIM, NIM, NIS, NMISA, PTB and VNIIOFI carried out the supplementary comparison on the wavelength for fibre optics. The aim of this comparison is to examine the equivalence of the wavelength for fibre optics among participating laboratories and to provide supporting evidence for the associated CMC claims in BIPM KCDB.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCPR, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Optimization and analysis of a low-energy injector for high-intensity proton beam
Authors: Zhou B. , Zhang H. , Zhang P. , Li W. , Hou R. , An S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Nanjing University and local government are pushing ahead with a high-intensity proton linac project called Nanjing Proton Source (NPS). At the first stage, a low-energy injector including an ion source and a low-energy beam transport (LEBT) will be set up to provide 65 keV, 28 mA proton beam. A duoplasmatron source with triode electrodes and a two-solenoid magnetic focusing LEBT is our favorable choice. As we know, the most important role of the LEBT is to minimize the emittance growth and optimize the Twiss parameters into radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ). This paper clearly introduces the optimization procedure that sets effective solenoid fields as two free parameters to search for the minimum rms emittance and the best-matched Twiss parameters by plotting contour maps. The detailed LEBT layout and solenoids design are completed based on the optimization. The robustness and stability of the LEBT are also analyzed in the end. The beam phase-space distribution and beam qualities are discussed under a range of space charge compensation degrees and different initial beam distribution types. Besides, the LEBT is designed to eliminate the vast majority of beam contaminants by using two collimators.
Long-term temperature and sea-level rise stabilization before and beyond 2100: Estimating the additional climate mitigation contribution from China’s recent 2060 carbon neutrality pledge
Authors: Chen Jiewei , Cui Huijuan , Xu Yangyang , Ge Quansheng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
As the largest emitter in the world, China recently pledged to reach a carbon peak before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060, which could accelerate the progress of mitigating negative climate change effects. In this study, we used the Minimum Complexity Earth Simulator and a semi-empirical statistical model to quantify the global mean temperature and sea-level rise (SLR) response under a suite of emission pathways that are constructed to cover various carbon peak and carbon neutrality years in China. The results show that China will require a carbon emission reduction rate of no less than 6%/year and a growth rate of more than 10%/year for carbon capture capacity to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. Carbon peak years and peak emissions contribute significantly to mitigating climate change in the near term, while carbon neutrality years are more influential in the long term. Mitigation due to recent China’s pledge alone will contribute a 0.16 °C–0.21 °C avoided warming at 2100 and also lessen the cumulative warming above 1.5 °C level. When accompanied by coordinated international efforts to reach global carbon neutrality before 2070, the 2 °C target can be achieved. However, the 1.5 °C target requires additional efforts, such as global scale adoption of negative emission technology for CO2, as well as a deep cut in non-CO2 GHG emissions. Collectively, the efforts of adopting negative emission technolgy and curbing all greenhouse gas emissions will reduce global warming by 0.9 °C −1.2 °C at 2100, and also reduce SLR by 49–59 cm in 2200, compared to a baseline mitigation pathway already aiming at 2 °C. Our findings suggest that while China’s ambitious carbon-neutral pledge contributes to Paris Agreement’s targets, additional major efforts will be needed, such as reaching an earlier and lower CO2 emission peak, developing negative emission technology for CO2, and cutting other non-CO2 GHGs such as N2O, CH4, O3, and HFCs.
Impact of the reemergence of North Pacific subtropical mode water on the multi-year modulation of marine heatwaves in the North Pacific Ocean during winter and early spring
Authors: Tak Yong-Jin , Song Hajoon , Cho Yang-Ki 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Marine heatwaves (MHWs), which are characterized by extremely warm water, can harm the marine ecosystem and fishing industry; improving the prediction of such events could reduce their harmful impact. In this study, we examined MHWs occurring in the North Pacific in winter/early spring, and their relationship with North Pacific subtropical mode water (STMW), based on the data analysis and numerical experiments. The time-lagged correlation between the cumulative intensity of MHWs and volume of STMW in March of each year suggests that STMW can modulate MHWs for up to three years after its formation. A patch of statistically significant negative correlation initially appeared in the formation region of the STMW but was found to the east of it near the Transition Zone Chlorophyll Front (TZCF) after one year. This patch stagnated near this remote site in the second winter and early spring. Passive tracer experiments using a numerical model indicate that the STMW, formed near the Kuroshio Extension in March, moves to the east underneath the mixed layer and is entrained to the surface in the following winter while altering the properties of STMW. The STMW reemerges in the second winter, after stagnating under the mixed layer near the TZCF. This suggests that the reemergence of STMW can suppress MHWs in the North Pacific during winter and early spring by reducing the sea surface temperature; if the volume of STMW is anomalously low, there is a greater likelihood of the occurrence of MHWs near the TZCF in the following two winters and early springs. Our results indicate that understanding STMW formation is crucial for predicting MHWs in the North Pacific Ocean during winter and early spring.
Survey of Fungal contamination in imported poultry meat (Akafil Products) in the city of Al-Diwaniyah/Iraq
Authors: Kadhim AL-Ziadi Saba Abdulameer , Lahmood Walaa Yas , Hatem Rasha Muzahem 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The study included the investigation of the presence of fungal contamination in frozen poultry meat from the products of the imported Alkafil, which are sold in the centers of the Alkafil products in most of the governorates of Iraq. 40 samples were collected from the different alkafil products centers in Diwaniyah governorate including 3 centers (Alkafil products centers 84, Alkafil products centers 95, alkafil products centers70), which was randomly selected for the period from 1/11/2017 to 1/5/2018. Results: The results showed that all samples collected for the study were contaminated with different types and in varying numbers of human pathogenic fungi, including Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium solani, Pencilliumsp, Cladosporium sp. Conclusions: The findings showed that the highest isolated was Aspergillusin most samples collected for the study and all fungal species Isolated of poultry meatare a human pathogen andcause food poisoning. These fungal fungi are mandatory and elective. Their nutritional needs are simple and produce large numbers of reproductive units, most of which cause health and environmental problems. As a result of the increasing demand for the products of the alkafil, we decided to investigate the existence of an accidental contamination of the seriousness of fungi on health in general. The study pointed out that the extent to which poultry meat is contaminated with human pathogens that cause health problems.
Major oxides study of the Euphrates River bed sediments from north Hilla to the Shatt Al-Arab at Basrah cities
Authors: Hussein Mohammed L. , Al-Owaidi Mohanad R. A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The major oxides of the terrigenousbed sediments in the Euphrates River described in the present paper, was carried out through the field work during 2018; thus about 25 core samples from eight river bed sediment sites (from S1 to S12) along the course of the river to the Shatt Al-Arab River from Hilla to Basrah cities. The coordinate number of these sites are between 38°41°32.48″N–38°14′24.10″N latitude and 39°56′4.59″E–39°8°13.41′′E longitude. Ten of major oxides were determined by XRF technique, these are SiO2, CaO, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO, Na2O, K2O, TiO2, SO3 and P2O5 in addition to LOI. SiO2is the highest abundance, whileP2O5is the lowest; however SiO2, and TiO2 decrease from Hilla to Basrah cities, whereas CaO, and MgO increase in the same direction. The mean abundance of the major oxides of the Euphrates River bed sediments may order as following; SiO2 >CaO>Al2O3>Fe2O3>MgO>K2O >Na2O >TiO2> SO3> P2O5. The source rocks of these sediments is mafic, and its geochemical classification is Fe-sand extends to Fe-shale. The geochemical weathering restricted between moderate to low degree. According to the elemental ratio, CaO, SiO2, Fe2O3, MgO, and TiO2are enrichment, whereas Al2O3, K2O, P2O5, and SO3 are depletion. The paleoclimatic condition of the clastic bed sediments is arid coincide with low to moderate chemical maturity. the tectonic setting of clasts sediment fall in the island arc field.
Soil Pollution - Causes and Effects
Authors: Hassan Al-Taai Suaad Hadi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The study of soil pollution has occupied the attention of a large number of researchers because of its continuity and effect on humans, animals and plants alike. Soil pollution occurs as a result of the entry of elements that change the composition and organism of the soil, and reduce its fertility, making it more vulnerable to drought, and unsuitable for agriculture. The research addresses the most important soil pollutants before radioactive uranium pollution, pollution by industrial and household waste, volcanic eruptions, forest fires, and others. Most of the agricultural lands are irrigated by rivers polluted with factory wastewater. Also, the research discusses the most important sources of pollution represented by pesticides and chemical fertilizers that contain toxic substances and seep into the soil to remain for a long time, and contribute to eliminate soil fertility. The research deals with the impact of logging the desertification of agricultural areas and their transformation into a vast desert that is unsuitable for agriculture, and pollutes the soil with hydrocarbons. The research refers to the method of soil protection and agricultural lands from pollution by using organic agriculture, fertilizers, organic and bio-pesticides, and forest planting..
The Physical And Chemical Properties Of Soils For Environments Of Three Different Land/Iraq
Authors: Alhashimi Iman S. M. , Abdul-Jabbar Riad A. , Issa Salman K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe current study performed for the period of March 2019 to February 2020 on three different land ecosystems in three Iraqi governorates which are Sulaymaniyah, Kirkuk, and Anbar. The samples of soil are collected from nine stations that close to the pollution sources. The stations are Bazian cement plant, North Oil concentration area, the main street in the modern desert which located between longitude and latitude of (45.062554-35.577087), (44.217077 - 34.406426), (42.269622 -34.8764) respectively. Some physical and chemical factors for soils are studied where their values ranged from the electrical conductivity of (0.13 - 2.86 EC dS/m), pH (7.21 - 7.97), organic matter of (0.31 - 10.89 g/kg), the total calcium carbonate of (164.16 - 390.10 g/kg), and the positive exchange capacitance of (3.03- 25.82 (centimol+Kg-1)). While values of the exchanged positive ions are ranged (Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+1 and Potassium K+2) ((0.10 (-8.43) and (1.0 –0.01), (1.93- 0.04), (0.04). (3.79 - cimmol/kg) respectively. Whereas the values of the dissolved positive ions (Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+1 and Potassium K+1) are recorded (0.03- (3.61, (1.82-0.01), (0.01-0.67), 0.55-0.01))/L) respectively. As for negative ions, their values are recorded (dissolved bicarbonate HCO3-and dissolved chlorine (Cl-1 (0.09 (1.65-, 0.76-0.05)) centimol/L).
Air Pollution in Iraq Sources and Effects
Authors: Al-Kasser Mohammed K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe current study came to clarify the air pollution in different regions in Iraq. This study reviewed most of the Iraqi studies that dealt with the issue of air pollution and found that pollutants released into the atmosphere include gaseous pollutants of various kinds, especially CO, CO2, NOx, SOx, O3, suspended particles, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals. The study showed that the main sources for release these pollutants into the atmosphere included fossil fuels combustion, industry, energy production, transportation, heating, brick and cement industry, oil industries, transportation, agriculture fires and dust storms in addition to domestic and public generators. The result showed that these pollutants in many regions exceeded the national and international standard criteria.
A Review: The Tectonic Perspective and seismic response of Darbandikhan Dam Stability and potential solutions
Authors: Mahdi Karrar S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Darbandikhan dam is a rockfill dam constructed northwest of Iraq in the early sixties. Even though the dam is located in a mountain zone with high seismic influence, the dam was not designed to resist a high seismic motion. This study is a review of Darbandikhan dam current situation and the possible factors of its potential failure. The dam can be regarded as a vulnerable condition. Due to the unstable geologic formations and the existence of limestone and anhydrite which can impact the dam stability. On the other hand, rainfall dwindling and the temperature rising affected the hydrological system in the area. Climate change causes drought, desertification followed by a flood in a very short period. Therefore, the dam reservoir elevation has been diminished due to the reduction of the inflow. The dam has experienced a strong seismic motion in November 2017, it causes serious fissures on the dam road, failure on the left side slope and rocks toppling. The sliding of soil and the falling rocks in the dam lake when the earthquake hit the dam location, lead to clay accumulation which has prevented the gates to be opened. Serious and fast maintenance have to be implemented to fix the landslides and dam safety against earthquakes.
Toxic Contamination, Distribution Of Trace Metals Elements In Some Crops And Land Along The ALGhatara River For Al-Shafieiah District, Al-Diwaniyah Governorate
Authors: Hussein Haider Mashkoor , Kadhum Safaa A. , Abed Salwan Ali , Al-Ansari Nadhir 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Plants are important toxicity markers as well as important foods for both humans and animals, so this analysis aimed to identify trace element contaminants in some of the ALGhatara River water, and the soil and plant life in the district of Al-Shafieiah on both sides of the river. There was nickel in the soil, and the nickel concentration was 3.46 mg/L, so the concentration of nickel in irrigation water was 315 mg/L. switch to a higher value of 105 As compared The World Health Organisation (WHO) was called into being as a result. criteria, the degree of quality of some elements in the surface layer of soil surpassed the WHO’s guidelines, although at the same time, the concentration rate of most of the elements in the soil’s surface layer was higher in the majority of botanicial Sample, The limit is 1.057, 1. 374, 1. 765, 1. 594 mg/kg for both Parsley, Onions, Barley and Alfalfa, respectively, so increased consumption of these contaminated plants before society may cause health problems in the future.
Pollution and its Impact on Sustainable Development
Authors: Mohammed Al-Dulaimi Waleed Abood , Hassan Al-Taai Suaad Hadi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Pollution and its direct and indirect negative effects on humans, and animals is one of the most important issues that researchers have been studying and searching for radical solutions. Therefore, the research sheds light on the definition of pollution, its causes and environmental effects, its most important types, especially radioactive, industrial and household waste, and their levels of risk. The research focuses on the issue of air pollution resulting from fumes, smoke, and gases emitted from cars, factories, volcanic eruptions, and others. It also absorbs the problem of soil and water pollution due to the failure to properly treat factory, household and other waste, and the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides harmful to water, air and soil. The research addresses the topic of noise pollution, and its causes by limiting loud noises from radio, television, cars, airplanes, music, etc.
Structure of Bacterial Communities Associated with Some Aquatic Plants
Authors: Lafta Alzurfi Sadiq Kadhum , Katia Israa latif 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study was the first of its kind on the Euphrates river in Iraq to study of the composition of the epiphytic bacterial community of an three aquatic plants (Hydrilla verticillata, Phragmitesaustralis and Eichhorniacrassipes) was investigated. The study was conducted to how are bacterial assemblages in the rhizosphere for sediment different from those in bulk and surface sediments and aquatic plant during 2020 two sites in Kufa river were chosen. Total organic material, pH and EC of sediment were measured. Eighteen taxon were found in current study. The bacterial communities on three aquatic plants were distinct, such that Aeromonassobria, Pseudomonas putida, Enterobactercloacae andAcinetobacterbaumanniiwere found on H.verticillata and in the sediment, while Acinetobacterlwoffii, Enterobacter cloacae ssp cloacae, Escherichia coli and klebsiellapneumoniaessp pneumonia on E. crassipes in site 2. Either on P. australisand sediment the Enterobactercloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Pseudomonas putida were found in site 1 and Granulicatellaelegans, Proteus penneri, and Pseudomonas putida in site 2. While the Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia andSerratiamarcescens were found in water at site 1.Aeromonassobriadominance in sediment of H. verticillata while Escherichia colidominance in sediment of E. crassipes, eitherPseudomonas putidawas dominanced inP. australisroot. Number of bacteria were recorded in sediment of P. australis higher proportion was 28% than other. The indexes of diversity were recorded in sediment of P. australis higher than other except Domancy index recorded in sediment of E.crassipes was 0.025 higher than other. Our results indicated differences between the epiphyticbacterial community on the three plants and the water column at the species level, but an even representation of the mostabundant phylogenetic taxa in sediment of P. australis was revealed. Statistical comparison of the retrieved sequencesconfirmed that the three libraries did differ significantly at the community level.
Planktonic Foraminiferal biostratigraphy of Jaddala Formation in well (K-152), Northern Iraq
Authors: Al-Wazan Alaa Mahmood , Altaee Noor Talal 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Many species of planktonic foraminifera were identified from the Jaddala Formation from well (K-152)of depth (1010-900 m.) northern Iraq. The recorded planktonic foraminifera assemblages permits the recognition of four biozones these are (from top to bottom):Globigerinatheka subconglobata biozone (p11), Acarinina bullbrooki biozone (p10), Acarinina Pentacamerata biozone (p9) 1- Morozovell aragonensi biozone (p8) and On the basis of biocorrelation with previous works Early to Middle Eocene age confirmed for the Jaddala Formation at the studied section.