bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary tumor associated macrophages activate programs of invasion and dormancy in disseminating tumor cells
Authors: Borriello Lucia , Coste Anouchka , Sharma Ved P. , Karagiannis George S. , Lin Yu , Wang Yarong , Ye Xianjun , Duran Camille L. , Chen Xiaoming , Dalla Erica , Singh Deepak K. , Oktay Maja H. , Aguirre-Ghiso Julio A. , Condeelis John , Entenberg David 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTMetastases are initiated by disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) that depart from the primary tumor and colonize target organs. Growing evidence suggests that the microenvironment of the primary tumor lesion primes DTCs to display dormant or proliferative fates in target organs. However, the manner in which events taking place in the primary tumor influence DTC fate, sometimes long after dissemination, remains poorly understood. With the advent of a novel intravital imaging technique called the Window for High-Resolution Intravital Imaging of the Lung (WHRIL), we have, for the first time, been able to study the live lung longitudinally and follow the fate of individual DTCs that spontaneously disseminate from orthotopic breast tumors. We find, across several models, a high rate of success for tumor cells to complete the initial steps of the metastatic cascade in the secondary site, including retention of DTCs in the lung vasculature, speed of extravasation, and survival after extravasation. Importantly, initiation of metastatic growth was controlled primarily by a rate-limiting step that occurred post-extravasation and at the stage of the conversion of single DTCs from a dormant to a proliferative state. Detailed analysis of these events revealed that, even before dissemination, a subset of macrophages within the primary tumor induces, in tumor cells that are about to disseminate, the expression of proteins that regulate a pro- dissemination (MenaINV) and pro-dormancy (NR2F1) phenotype. Surprisingly, if cancer cells are intravenously injected, the rate limiting stages of MenaINV-associated extravasation, dormancy, and other parameters, are lost or altered in a way that impacts how DTCs progress through the metastatic cascade. Our work provides novel insight into how specific primary tumor microenvironments prime a subpopulation of cells for dissemination and dormancy. We also propose that dissecting mechanisms of metastasis, or testing anti-metastatic therapies, may yield results of limited application if derived from models that do not follow spontaneous dissemination.SIGNIFICANCEThis study provides important insight into the contribution of primary tumor microenvironmental niches to cancer metastasis by identifying the manner in which these niches spawn subpopulations of DTCs that are primed for dissemination and dormancy in the secondary site. This study may provide novel targets that could be inhibited to prevent successful colonization of the secondary site and, hence, metastasis.
The chicken or the egg? Plastome evolution and a novel loss of the inverted repeat in papilionoid legumes
Authors: Lee Chaehee , Choi In-Su , Cardoso Domingos , de Lima Haroldo C. , de Queiroz Luciano P. , Wojciechowski Martin F. , Jansen Robert K. , Ruhlman Tracey A 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe plastid genome (plastome), while surprisingly constant in gene order and content across most photosynthetic angiosperms, exhibits variability in several unrelated lineages. During the diversification history of the legume family Fabaceae, plastomes have undergone many rearrangements, including inversions, expansion, contraction and loss of the typical inverted repeat (IR), gene loss and repeat accumulation in both shared and independent events. While legume plastomes have been the subject of study for some time, most work has focused on agricultural species in the IR-lacking clade (IRLC) and the plant modelMedicago truncatula. The subfamily Papilionoideae, which contains virtually all of the agricultural legume species, also comprises most of the plastome variation detected thus far in the family. In this study 33 newly sequenced plastomes of papilionoid legumes and outgroups were evaluated, along with 34 publicly available sequences, to assess plastome structural evolution in the subfamily. In an effort to examine plastome variation across the subfamily, just ∼20% of the sampling represents the IRLC with the remainder selected to represent the early-branching papilionoid clades. A number of IR-related and repeat-mediated changes were identified and examined in a phylogenetic context. Recombination between direct repeats associated withycf2resulted in intraindividual plastome heteroplasmy. Although loss of the inverted repeat has not been reported in legumes outside of the IRLC, one genistoid taxon was found to completely lack the typical plastome IR. The role of the IR and non-IR repeats in driving plastome change is discussed.Significance statementComparative genomic approaches employing plastid genomes (plastomes) have revealed that they are more variable across angiosperms than previously suggested. This study examined 64 species of Fabaceae and outgroups, including 33 newly sequenced taxa, to explore plastome structural evolution of the subfamily Papilionoideae in a phylogenetic context. Several unusual features of the inverted repeat highlight the importance of recombination in plastomic structural changes within and between individuals and species.
Plasticity of body axis polarity inHydraregeneration under constraints
Authors: Livshits Anton , Garion Liora , Maroudas-Sacks Yonit , Shani-Zerbib Lital , Keren Kinneret , Braun Erez 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOne of the major events in animal morphogenesis is the emergence of a polar body axis. Here, we combine classic grafting techniques with live imaging to study the emergence of body axis polarity during whole body regeneration inHydra. Composite tissues are made by fusing two rings, excised from separate animals, in different configurations that vary in the polarity and original positions of the rings along the body axes of the parent animals. Under frustrating initial configurations, body axis polarity that is otherwise stably inherited from the parent animal, can become labile and even be reversed. Importantly, the site of head regeneration exhibits a strong bias toward the edges of the tissue, even when this involves polarity reversal. In particular, we observe head formation at an originally aboral tissue edge, which is not compatible with models ofHydraregeneration based only on preexisting morphogen gradients or an injury response. Rather, we suggest that the structural bias toward head formation at the doublets’ edge is reinforced by the presence of a defect in the organization of the supra-cellular actin fibers, which invariably forms at the edge as the tissue heals. In this scenario, the defect supports head formation at the edge, even though a defect is neither required nor sufficient for head formation. Altogether, our results suggest that body axis determination is an integrated process that arises from the dynamic interplay between mechanical feedback and signaling processes.
Maize inbred line B96 is the source of large-effect loci for resistance to generalist but not specialist spider mites
Authors: Bui Huyen , Greenhalgh Robert , Gill Gunbharpur S. , Ji Meiyuan , Kurlovs Andre H. , Ronnow Christian , Lee Sarah , Ramirez Ricardo A. , Clark Richard M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMaize (Zea mays subsp. mays) yield loss from arthropod herbivory is substantial. While the basis of resistance to major insect herbivores has been comparatively well-studied in maize, less is known about resistance to spider mite herbivores, which are distantly related to insects and feed by a different mechanism. Two spider mites, the generalist Tetranychus urticae, and the grass-specialist Oligonychus pratensis, are notable pests of maize, especially during drought conditions. We assessed the resistance to both mite species of 38 highly diverse maize lines, including several previously reported to be resistant to one or the other mite species. We found that line B96, as well as its derivatives B49 and B75, were highly resistant to T. urticae. In contrast, neither these three lines, nor any others included in our study, were notably resistant to O. pratensis. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping with F2 populations from crosses of B49, B75, and B96 to susceptible B73 identified a large-effect QTL on chromosome 6 as underlying T. urticae resistance in each line, with an additional QTL on chromosome 1 in B96. Genome sequencing and haplotype analyses identified B96 as the apparent sole source of resistance haplotypes. Our study identifies loci for use in maize breeding programs for T. urticae resistance, as well as to assess if the molecular-genetic basis of spider mite resistance is shared with insect pests of maize, as B96 is also among the most resistant known maize lines to several insects, including the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis.Key message Maize(Zea mays subsp. mays) inbred lines B49, B75, and B96 harbor large-effect loci for resistance to the generalist spider mite Tetranychus urticae, but not the specialist Oligonychus pratensis.
High-Resolution Chemical Mapping and Microbial Identification of Rhizosphere using Correlative Microscopy
Authors: Bandara Chaturanga D. , Schmidt Matthias , Davoudpour Yalda , Stryhanyuk Hryhoriy , Richnow Hans H. , Musat Niculina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDuring the past decades, several stand-alone and combinatory methods have been developed to investigate the chemistry (i.e. mapping of elemental, isotopic and molecular composition) and the role of microbes in soil and rhizosphere. However, none of these approaches are currently capable of characterizing soil-root-microbe interactions simultaneously in their spatial arrangement. Here we present a novel approach that allows chemical and microbial identification of the rhizosphere at micro-to nano-meter spatial resolution. Our approach includes i) a resin embedding and sectioning method suitable for simultaneous correlative characterization ofZea maysrhizosphere, ii) an analytical work flow that allows up to six instruments/techniques to be used correlatively, and iii) data and image correlation. Hydrophilic, immunohistochemistry compatible, low viscosity LR white resin was used to embed the rhizosphere sample. We employed waterjet cutting and avoided polishing the surface to prevent smearing of the sample surface at nanoscale. Embedding quality was analyzed by Helium Ion Microscopy (HIM). Bacteria in the embedded soil was identified by Catalyzed Reporter Deposition-FluorescenceIn SituHybridization (CARD-FISH) to avoid interferences from high levels of auto fluorescence emitted by soil particles and organic matter. Chemical mapping of the rhizosphere was done by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), nano-focused Secondary Ion mass Spectrometry (nanoSIMS), and confocal Raman spectroscopy (µ-Raman). High-resolution correlative characterization by six different techniques followed by image registration shows that this method can meet the demanding requirements of multiple characterization techniques to chemically map the rhizosphere and identify spatial organization of bacteria. Finally, we presented individual and correlative workflows for imaging and image registration to analyze data. We hope this method will be a platform to combine various 2D analytics for an ample understanding of the rhizosphere processes and their ecological significance.Graphical Abstract
Development of the entorhinal cortex occurs via parallel lamination during neurogenesis
Authors: Liu Yong , Bergmann Tobias , Mori Yuki , Vidal Juan Miguel Peralvo , Pihl Maria , Vasistha Navneet A , Thomsen Preben Dybdahl , Seemann Stefan E , Gorodkin Jan , Hyttel Poul , Khodosevich Konstantin , Witter Menno P , Hall Vanessa Jane 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe entorhinal cortex (EC) is the spatial processing center of the brain and structurally is an interface between the three layered paleocortex and six layered neocortex, known as the periarchicortex. Limited studies indicate peculiarities in the formation of the EC such as early emergence of cells in layers (L) II and late deposition of LIII, as well as divergence in the timing of maturation of cell types in the superficial layers. In this study, we examine developmental events in the entorhinal cortex using an understudied model in neuroanatomy and development, the pig and supplement the research with BrdU labeling in the developing mouse EC. We determine the pig serves as an excellent anatomical model for studying human neurogenesis, given its long gestational length, presence of a moderate sized outer subventricular zone and early cessation of neurogenesis during gestation. Immunohistochemistry identified prominent clusters of OLIG2+ oligoprogenitor-like cells in the superficial layers of the lateral EC (LEC) that are sparser in the medial EC (MEC). These are first detected in the subplate during the early second semester. MRI analyses reveal an acceleration of EC growth at the end of the second trimester. BrdU labeling of the developing MEC, shows the deeper layers form first and prior to the superficial layers, but the LV/VI emerges in parallel and the LII/III emerges later, but also in parallel. We coin this lamination pattern parallel lamination. The early-born Reln+ stellate cells in the superficial layers express the classic LV marker, Bcl11b (Ctip2) and arise from a common progenitor that forms the late deep layer LV neurons. In summary, we characterize the developing EC in a novel animal model and outline in detail the formation of the EC. We further provide insight into how the periarchicortex forms in the brain, which differs remarkably to the inside-out lamination of the neocortex.
ARGONAUTE10 is required for cell fate specification and the control of formative cell divisions in the Arabidopsis root meristem
Authors: Arbi Nabila El , Schürholz Ann-Kathrin , Schiffner Alexei , Prados Inés Hidalgo , Böhme Friedrich , Wenzl Christian , Zhao Xinai , Zeng Jian , Lohmann Jan U. , Wolf Sebastian 
Published: February 2021

SummaryA key question in plant biology is how oriented cell divisions are integrated with patterning mechanisms to generate organs with adequate cell type allocation. In the root vasculature, a miRNA gradient controls the abundance of HD-ZIP III transcription factors, which in turn control cell fate and spatially restrict vascular cell proliferation to specific cells. Here, we show that a functional miRNA gradient requires an opposing gradient of ARGONAUTE10, which sequesters miRNAs to protect HD-ZIP III transcripts from degradation. In the absence of ARGONAUTE10, xylem precursor cells undergo periclinal divisions that lead to continuous strands of differentiated xylem elements at ectopic positions. Notably, periclinal daughter cells maintain xylem identity even when they are located outside of the xylem axis, resulting in disrupted tissue boundaries. We further demonstrate that ARGONAUTE10 and HD-ZIP IIIs buffer cytokinin signalling to control formative cell divisions, providing a framework for integration of phytohormone and miRNA-mediated patterning.
Pivoting authentic assessment to an accounting podcast during COVID-19
Authors: Halabi Abdel Karim 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to describe how the COVID-19 pivot to online teaching enabled a student-produced podcast assessment to be created and substituted for the final examination in an MBA accounting course.Design/methodology/approachThis paper provides instructors’ reflections and feedback from students on the usefulness of podcasts as an assessment tool in accounting education. Also included are the assignment instructions and a marking rubric which can be adapted as a sharing network.FindingsThe pivot to the authentic podcast assessment proved to be a very positive outcome during COVID-19 for instructors and students. The students embraced and enjoyed the task, and importantly it was an efficient learning experience that connected theory to practice, while preserving authenticity.Originality/valuePodcasts have grown in popularity and have been widely used with students as receivers. The accounting education literature is however devoid of instances where podcasts have been used as an assessment tool. Although the assessment was changed because of the COVID-19 pandemic, it has ongoing applicability as a useful assignment in future semesters.
COVID-19: a shock to the system-reflections from practice by safeguarding adults board managers
Authors: Lloyd-Smith Walter , Bampton Lindsey , Caldwell Julia , Eader Anita , Jones Helen , Turner Steven 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to set out to share the reflections of safeguarding adult board managers as they worked through what is likely to be just the first wave of the coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper draws on the experience of small number of safeguarding adult board managers who have provided reflections from practice.

Findings
This paper illustrates just some of the responses developed by safeguarding adult board managers and their boards to continue to deliver the work of safeguarding those at risk of abuse and harm in the face of unprecedented impact of the coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic on a key aspect of the safeguarding adult system in England.

Originality/value
The reflections reported here are not intended to offer a representative commentary on the experiences of those who oversee and manage safeguarding adults’ boards. It is intention to provide a flavour of some of the challenges and dilemmas faced and some of the creative solutions to address them used by one group of adult safeguarding practitioners.
A network group booking model for airline revenue management
Authors: Venkataraman Sri Vanamalla , Kaushik Ankit , Mishra Siddharth 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
Airlines use various analytical techniques to optimally control seats in its various fare classes. Most literature on inventory control does not discuss policies for group arrivals. This study aims to address the literature gap in determining an optimal booking policy which considers the dynamics of group behaviour with respect to cancellations and refunds.

Design/methodology/approach
An analytical model by which bid price control mechanism can be applied to group bookings is developed through this study.

Findings
Numerical experiments are performed to demonstrate the analytical model under various scenarios. A comparison of the model with the traditional model indicates an increase in the total revenue generated.

Originality/value
The novelty of this work is in modelling the dynamics of group behaviour in a network of flights, and it contributes to the literature on revenue management.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of disazothiazolone dyes as antibacterial agents and their application in polyester printing
Authors: Ahmed Ebtsam Abdelmowla , Elgemeie Galal , Ahmed Kawther Abd-Elzaher 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
This study aims to represent a successful simple method for the synthesis of some novel dyes based on thiazole derivatives and their applications in textile printing.

Design/methodology/approach
2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylmethyl)thiazol-4(5H)-one compound is prepared by convention heating and microwave technique then used as a coupling agent, which reacts with different diazonium Salt to form diazo dyes.

Findings
The synthesized diazo dyes are confirmed via spectral data (IR,1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and Mass spectra). The dyes are used to print polyester fabric. The obtained results clarified that the prints have good color strength, brilliant color and highly durable antibacterial activity.

Originality/value
The authors designed efficient synthesis for some novel thiazolone dyes. The novel procedure features short-reaction time, very good yields and a simple workup. The authors studied the antibacterial activity and their application in printing polyester fabrics.
A preliminary investigation of gamification from the young consumer’s perspective
Authors: Hass Danielle , Hass Ashley , Joseph Mathew 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
Over the past decade, gamification’s popularity has broadened into many industries and has become embedded in consumers’ lives. As privacy protection and how firms utilize users’ data has been at the forefront of consumers’ minds, practitioners and academics alike need to understand consumers’ perceptions of the ethics of gamification. This paper aims to explore and provide preliminary evidence on young consumers’ perceptions of gamification and the ethics involved in these strategies used by firms.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors conducted two studies using a mixed-methods approach to gain a foundational understanding of young consumers’ perceptions of gamification. In Study 1, interviews provided initial insights and helped inform an exploratory survey administered in Study 2 to 161 young consumers attending a university in the southwest region of the USA.

Findings
The findings indicate that consumers have positive attitudes toward gamification tactics as long as the rewards are sufficient. Further, consumers do not find gamification as unethical as long as they have control over having the ability to opt-in.

Originality/value
Previous research has examined gamification from several contexts including health care, education and the workplace. However, there is little research that focuses on gamification from the consumers’ perspective, specifically the young consumer. As more firms are using gamification tactics such as on their mobile applications, it is critical to understand how young consumers perceive gamification and how that can impact the consumer-brand relationship. This research offers two studies as a first step in investigating young consumers’ perceptions of gamification tactics firms use and offers several future directions.
The relevance between anti‐rods/rings antibody and different treatment regimens in chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Peker Bilal Olcay , Şener Aslı Gamze , Topal Firdevs , Sarıtaş Yüksel Elif 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe antibodies and other issues associated with immunity in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) have been widely investigated, especially non‐organ‐specific antinuclear antibodies. Rods–rings (RR) antibody patterns are frequently observed due to pegylated IFN‐α (PEG‐IFN)/ribavirin (RBV) treatment by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). We evaluated the relevance between anti‐RR and PEG‐IFN/RBV and/or direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) regimens in chronic HCV. Sampling was done after achieving a sustained virological response (SVR) for 178 patients (aged >18 years). Patients were grouped according to treatment protocols (Group 1 [G1]: PEG‐IFN/RBV [n = 53], Group 2 [G2]: PEG‐IFN/RBV and Telaprevir or Boceprevir [n = 31], Group 3 [G3]: second‐ and third‐wave DAA and previously received PEG‐IFN/RBV (n = 38), and Group 4 [G4]: second‐ and third‐wave DAA [n = 56]). Anti‐RR was investigated by IIF (Euroimmun AG) test. Overall, 27 (15.16%) patients were anti‐RR positive and received PEG‐IFN/RBV. The numbers of anti‐RR positivity for G1/2/3/4 (%) were 16/3/8/0 (30.2/9.6/21/0), respectively (p < .001). The anti‐RR positivity rate for G1/2/3 was 22.13% (27/122, p = .088). Anti‐RR was positive in 17.5% (11/63) of G1/2/3 patients who did not achieve SVR after the first treatment. This rate was 27.1% (16/59) in patients with SVR after the first treatment in G1/2 and there was no difference between these two classified groups in terms of antibody titers (p = .915). Anti‐RR was detected up to 172 months after SVR. In summary, anti‐RR was positive in high rates in patients receiving PEG‐IFN/RBV therapy. Frequent monitoring is needed during patient follow‐up to get more data on the relationship between anti‐RR titer, treatment regimens, and SVR.