bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fundamental Limits on the Uplink Performance of the Dynamic-Ordered SIC Receiver
Authors: Lusvarghi Luca , Merani Maria Luisa 
Published: October 2021

<p>Due to the rapid and widespread growth of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) paradigm, present days witness an exponential increase in the number of connected devices. In this regard, the orthogonal transmission techniques featured by conventional 4G and 5G systems can only support a limited number of simultaneously active users, due to their low spectral efficiency and poorly flexible resource allocation.</p>
<p>To overcome such limitations, the 6G framework will include novel Next Generation Multiple Access (NGMA) solutions that will efficiently and flexibly connect a significantly larger number of devices over the same portion of spectrum. Under the NGMA umbrella, the Power-Domain Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (PD-NOMA) technology is able to accommodate multiple users on the same frequencies by carefully assigning different power levels to the active users and employing Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) receivers.</p>
<p>In this work, we put forth a novel analytical approach to evaluate the performance that PD-NOMA achieves on the uplink of a single cell when a dynamic-ordered SIC receiver is considered. </p>
<p>With respect to other existing works, the fundamental limits on the system performance are assessed analytically for an arbitrary number $n$ of simultaneously transmitting users, and both the case of Rayleigh and lognormal-shadowed Rayleigh fading are examined.</p>
<p>The closed-form expressions presented in this work, whose correctness and excellent accuracy are validated through Monte Carlo simulations, disclose the impact of lognormal shadowing and an increasingly larger number of active users on the PD-NOMA performance. </p>
Protest against the politicians: Vote switching in the Italian 2016-2020 constitutional referenda
Authors: Bergman Matthew E. , Passarelli Gianluca 
Published: October 2021

Referenda provide the opportunity for voters to express political economic protest and provide additional ways to support parties they vote for in elections. Alternatively, referenda also provide voters a chance to express their policy references in a way that does not affect which party will lead the government. The rejection of the 2016 Italian Constitutional referendum by 60% of voters and the approval the 2020 Italian Constitutional Referendum by 70% of voters could be a result of changing political economic conditions, influences related to partisanship and party leadership, or a change in approval of the reforms contained within the referendum. The article examines these possibilities in turn and then in a multivariate analysis. First, the overall change in economic discontent, satisfaction with the governing coalition and leaders, and belief in the content of the reforms between 2016 and 2020 will be examined. We also examine the how voters of each of the parties in the 2018 general election shifted on these variables. Then individual level analysis of consistent voters and switchers will assess the relative strength of partisanship, economic, political, and referendum-specific factors in convincing voters to switch their vote. We find that referendum-specific factors had the strongest predictive power followed by those related to government approval. Voters approved of the contents that would reduce the number of politicians in Italy and used the referendum to express support or displeasure with the incumbent’s policy programme. Our results contribute to the studies on second-order elections where voters are allowed for greater expressive preferences.
PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA KARYAWAN DIPENGARUHI OLEH PENILAIAN PRESTASI KERJA, KEPEMIMPINAN, PENDIDIKAN, MASA DINAS DAN JENJANG PEKERJAAN PADA PT. CENTRALPERTIWI BAHARI FEED MILL OPERATION DI LAMPUNG
Authors: ARIFIN ZAENAL 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
This research aimed at finding out whether the performance appraisal, education, length of service and work rank simultaneously or partially influenced employeeâ€™s productivity at PT. CPB. Performance appraisal, leadership, education, length of service and work rank simultaneously gave positive and significant influence towards employeeâ€™s productivity at PT. CPB. Employeeâ€™s productivity at PT. CPB was determined by performance appraisal, leadership, education, length of service and work rank. Employeeâ€™s productivity at PT. CPB Â was significantly influenced by performance appraisal. Employeeâ€™s productivity at PT. CPB was significantly influenced by leadership. Employeeâ€™s productivity at PT. CPB Â was significantly influenced by education. Employeeâ€™s productivity at PT. CPB was significantly influenced by length of service. Employeeâ€™s productivity at PT. CPB not influenced by work rank. The performance appraisal had a major influence on employeeâ€™s productivity at PT. CPB which was proved by the high score of regression coefficient of performance appraisal variable (0.963), higher than the regression coefficient of leadership variable (0.538), higher than regression coefficient of education variable (0.009), higher than regression coefficient of length of service variable (0.011), and higher than regression coefficient of work rank variable at (0.010).
Â
Perceived Demographic and Socio-Economic Factors Contributing to Poor Outcome of Neonatal Sepsis at Paediatric Unit Kenyatta National Hospital
Authors: Jepkosgei Kimaiyo , Ongeso Abednego , Omuga Blasio 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Globally sepsis is still a known case of high mortality and mobility rates among neonates. This is despite having been advances in healthcare quality. The World Health Organization estimates that more than 40% of deaths occurring among infants aged below five years happen during the neonatal phase and they result in 3.1 infant deaths annually. Objective: This study sought to establish the perceived demographic and socioeconomic status of poor outcomes of neonatal sepsis at Kenyatta national hospital paediatric unit. Methodology: This was a hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the Paediatric Unit of Kenyatta National Hospital. A total of 175 mothers of neonates with neonatal sepsis admitted in KNH selected using consecutive sampling methods were recruited into the study. A validated researcher-administered semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics involved the calculation of measures of central tendencies like means, modes and medians between variables. Association between the study variables was estimated using both chi-square and odds ratio statistics at a 95% confidence interval. The study results were presented in tables, graphs and charts, as appropriate. Results: Maternal demographic factors associated with poor outcomes of neonatal sepsis included - younger or advanced maternal age (X2 = 4.735, df = 2, p = 0.031); low education level (X2 = 6.362, df = 1, p = 0.012) and short birth intervals of < 2 years (X2 = 5.108, df = 2, p = 0.023). Maternal socioeconomic factors associated with poor outcomes of neonatal sepsis included - low household income level (X2 = 6.163, df = 1, p = 0.014); large family sizes of ≥5 members (X2 = 4.844, df = 1, p = 0.028) and lack of a health insurance cover (X2 = 5.382, df = 1, p = 0.019). Conclusion: Various maternal demographics, maternal socio-economic were significant perceived determinants of poor outcomes of neonatal sepsis in Kenyatta National Hospital’s Paediatric Unit. Recommendations: The national government with the help of county governments and development partners should invest in community empowerment programs that aim to improve the socioeconomic status of caregivers and their households. In addition, further investments in the health care system are needed to make it more affordable to all and particularly to the low-income group.
THE INFLUENCE OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON TAX AGGRESSIVENESS
Authors: Aditiya Citra Ayu , Rustiana Siti Hamidah 
Published: October 2021

Penerimaan Negara terbesar di Indonesia bersumber dari penerimaan pajak, dengan system self assessment system. Menurut beberapa penelitian terdahulu, system tersebut dapat menjadi faktor tidak tercapainya target penerimaan pajak. Bagi perusahaan, pemungutan pajak dianggap sebagi beban yang mengurangi profit, hal ini yang menjadi alasan bagi perusahaan untuk melakukan agresifitas pajak sebagai strategi dalam perencanaan pajaknya. Agresivitas pajak merupakan salah satu faktor terhambatnya penerimaan pajak negara. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh Corporate Governament dan Corporate Social Responsibility terhadap agresifitas pajak. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan jasa sektor property, real estate dan jasa konstruksi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa: 1. Komite Audit memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap Agresivitas Pajak. 2. Komisaris Independen tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Agresivitas Pajak. 3.Corporate Social Responsibility berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Agresivitas Pajak. 4. Komite Audit, Komisaris Independen dan Corporate Social Responsibility secara bersama-sama berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Agresivitas Pajak.
Vieillir en ville
Authors: Espinasse Marie-Thérèse 
Published: October 2021

Les vieux et la ville, deux termes que l'on n'associe pas spontanément tant il est vrai que les débats concernant la ville aujourd'hui sont focalisés sur la situation des banlieues. Or, on sait que les plus de 65 ans ne représentent que 9,2 % de la population des « quartiers sensibles » alors qu'ils représentent 13,3 % de la population des agglomérations urbaines et 14,7 % de la population de la France métropolitaine. Peu nombreuses dans les banlieues, les personnes âgées sont ailleurs : dans les centres anciens des villes ou à la campagne, espaces moins visibles pour une population supposée socialement moins problématique. Le développement de services gérontologiques à l'initiative des villes conforte l'hypothèse selon laquelle, il n'y a pas ou plus de problème de personnes âgées en ville. La situation des personnes âgées dans les centres anciens est-elle moins problématique ? Ce n'est pas certain. La réflexion proposée dans cet article tente de répondre à deux séries de questions. En premier lieu nous essaierons d'esquisser le profil des personnes âgées dépendantes vivant en ville et d'examiner leurs demandes à l'égard des services (marchands et non marchands). Nous essaierons ensuite d'examiner les réponses apportées par les services (y compris les services gérontologiques).
La pathologie des personnes âgées en 1992
Authors: Sermet Catherine 
Published: October 2021

En moyenne, chaque personne de 65 ans et plus déclare souffrir, un jour donné de 7,6 affections, davantage pour les femmes, 8,2, que pour les hommes, 6,8. La morbidité prévalente est dominée par les maladies cardiovasculaires. On en relève 147 pour 100 personnes de cet âge. L’hypertension artérielle, dont le taux de prévalence est de 44 pour 100 personnes arrive largement en tête, suivie par la pathologie veineuse (31 pour 100). Avec les troubles de la réfraction (presbytie) et les prothèses dentaires, les affections ophtalmologiques et celles de la bouche et des dents se partagent les deuxième et troisième places. La quatrième place revient aux maladies ostéo-articulaires (81 pour 100 personnes) ; le groupe rassemblant les rhumatismes, les douleurs articulaires et l’arthrose non rachidienne est en tête avec un taux de prévalence de 41 pour 100 personnes. En un an, chaque personne âgée de 65 ans et plus développe en moyenne 2,4 maladies aiguës. La morbidité incidente aiguë comprend essentiellement des maladies ORL (rhinites, pharyngites, toux) dont l’incidence annuelle est de 73 pour 100 personnes, des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires (syndromes grippaux, mycoses,…), 24 pour 100 personnes, des symptômes et états morbides mal définis (asthénie) et des traumatismes. Les données présentées sont issues de l’enquête sur la santé et les soins médicaux réalisée en 1991-1992 par l’INSEE en collaboration avec le CREDES auprès d’un échantillon de 20 417 personnes résidant en ménages ordinaires en France métropolitaine.
L’évolution de l’espérance de vie sans incapacité à 65 ans
Authors: Robine Jean-Marie , Mormiche Pierre , Cambois Emmanuelle 
Published: October 2021

En 1991, l’espérance de vie sans incapacité à 65 ans - tous niveaux confondus - s’élève à 12,1 ans pour les femmes et à 10,1 ans pour les hommes soit respectivement 60,2 % et 64,3 % de la valeur de leur espérance de vie au même moment. Dans les conditions de 1991 et à tous les âges de la vie, en France, les femmes peuvent espérer vivre plus longtemps que les hommes ; et au cours de cette vie plus longue, elles passent à la fois plus de temps sans incapacité, mais aussi plus de temps en incapacité que les hommes, avec une part de vie en incapacité plus grande. Entre 1981 et 1991, en France, l’accroissement de l’espérance de vie à 65 ans, comme à 85 ans, s’est accompagné d’une augmentation de la part du temps vécu sans incapacité. Globalement, les résultats français indiquent une compression relative de la morbidité aux âges élevés.
Données actuelles sur la maladie d’Alzheimer
Authors: Forette Françoise 
Published: October 2021

En 1907, Aloïs Alzheimer examina, après sa mort, le cerveau d’une de ses patientes et découvrit des lésions du cerveau qui nous servent encore, en 1996, à porter le diagnostic. Il les dénomma « plaque sénile » et « dégénérescence neuro-fibrillaire ». La maladie d’Alzheimer était née, et tomba dans l’oubli. Pour longtemps. Il fallut attendre 1968 pour qu’une remarquable équipe anglaise se penche sur ce problème de la détérioration intellectuelle qui survient avec l’âge. Depuis cette époque, les progrès de la recherche furent constants. Avec l’ensemble des examens neuropsychologiques, cliniques et biologiques, avec les résultats de la neuro-imagerie, nous parvenons à cerner le diagnostic avec une fiabilité, voisine de 90 %. Variable d’un individu à l’autre, la maladie, évolue parfois lentement, parfois assez vite… Aujourd’hui les pistes thérapeutiques les plus étudiées concernent des traitements dits substitutifs, la maladie étant caractérisée par une importante diminution de l’acétylcholine au niveau du cerveau. Premiers produits étudiés : la physostigmine – mais dont la durée de vie très courte lui interdit de devenir pour l’instant un médicament – et la tacrine. Les essais aboutissent à la mise sur le marché de cette dernière en 1993, aux États-Unis et, en 1994, en France. Avant que les progrès attendus de la recherche ne donnent leurs fruits, il est indispensable qu’une volonté politique améliore l’aide apportée aux patients victimes de cette maladie. On peut dire que la prise en charge sociale reste, en France, indigente. Certes, il faut craindre cette maladie et lutter contre elle, mais la maladie d’Alzheimer ne constitue pas la façon la plus commune de vieillir. Que la majorité des personnes vieillissantes écartent de leur esprit l’idée que cette maladie serait inéluctable.
Vie professionnelle et vieillissement
Authors: Gaullier Xavier , Troadec Thomas 
Published: October 2021

La société industrielle a progressivement organisé un cycle de vie ternaire et linéaire (formation/jeunesse ; travail/vie adulte ; repos/vieillesse). Face aux problèmes de l’emploi, cette répartition socio-chronologique est remise en cause, notamment aux deux extrémités de la vie active. La généralisation des cessations anticipées et progressives d’activité, ainsi que les transformations qui concernent en amont les salariés âgés, déstabilisent la seconde partie de la carrière professionnelle. À l’heure actuelle, peu d’études sur les liens entre vie professionnelle et vieillissement prennent en compte ces évolutions professionnelles. Les chercheurs doivent travailler non plus sur le seul passage à la retraite, mais sur toute la période qui va du milieu de la carrière professionnelle jusqu’à la sortie de la vie active. On présente, ici, quelques résultats d’études portant sur les identités professionnelles et leur évolution au cours de la seconde partie de la carrière. Une telle approche permet, également, de réfléchir sur l’évolution des valeurs du travail et du temps libre, un problème central dans la société actuelle.
Topography-Guided Versus Wavefront-Optimized LASIK for Myopia With and Without Astigmatism: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Cheng Shi-Ming , Tu Rui-Xue , Li Xi , Zhang Jia-Sheng , Tian Zhen , Zha Zhi-Wei , Ruan Kun-Wei , Yu A-Yong 
Published: October 2021

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the differences in efficacy, predictability, safety, and visual quality between topography-guided customized ablation treatment (TCAT) and wavefront-optimized (WFO) laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for the treatment of myopia with and without astigmatism.

METHODS:
A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials was used to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing TCAT-LASIK with WFO-LASIK for myopia with and without astigmatism up to September 2020. The references of all searched literature were checked as supplements. Literature was screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and relative data were extracted. RevMan software version 5.3.0 (Cochrane Collaboration) was used for meta-analysis.

RESULTS:

A total of seven RCTs (1,168 eyes) were included. There were no statistically significant differences in the ratio of uncorrected distance visual acuity of 20/20 or better (relative risk [RR] = 1.01, 95% CI [0.97 to 1.06],
P
= .64) and 20/16 or better (RR = 0.96, 95% CI [0.80 to 1.16],
P
= .69). Compared with WFO-LASIK, TCAT-LASIK achieved a higher proportion of postoperative manifest refractive spherical equivalent within ±0.50 diopters of the target (RR = 1.06, 95% CI [1.02 to 1.11],
P
= .003) and less surgically induced higher order aberrations (weighted mean difference [WMD] = −0.11, 95% CI [−0.15 to −0.0],
P
< .00001), spherical aberrations (WMD = −0.04, 95% CI [−0.05 to −0.03],
P
< .00001), and coma (WMD = −0.15, 95% CI [−0.28 to −0.01],
P
= .03). No patient lost two or more lines of distance-corrected visual acuity postoperatively in the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
This meta-analysis suggests that both TCATLASIK and WFO-LASIK show excellent efficacy, predictability, and safety for myopia. TCAT-LASIK exhibited more accurate postoperative refraction predictability and less surgically induced higher order aberrations, spherical aberrations, and coma. More randomized, prospective, and large sample-sized studies are needed to confirm these conclusions in the long term.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2021;37(10):707–714.]
Clinical Outcomes of Femtosecond Laser–Assisted Implantation of Asymmetric ICRS in Keratoconus With No Coincidence of Topographic and Comatic Axes
Authors: Kammoun Haikel , Piñero David P. , Álvarez de Toledo Juan , Barraquer Rafael I. , García de Oteyza Gonzalo 
Published: October 2021

PURPOSE:
To analyze the clinical outcomes obtained with asymmetric intracorneal corneal ring segments (ICRS) of variable thickness and width in patients with keratoconus, identifying predictive parameters of the final visual outcome.

METHODS:
This prospective, longitudinal, non-comparative clinical trial enrolled 35 eyes of 27 patients with keratoconus with a significant difference among corneal topographic and comatic axes. All eyes underwent implantation of AJL-pro+ ICRS (AJL Ophthalmic). Visual, refractive, corneal topographic and aberrometric, and pachymetric changes were evaluated during a 3-month follow-up.

RESULTS:

Significant changes were detected at 3 months after surgery in manifest sphere and cylinder, spherical equivalent, overall blur strength, and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) (
P
< .001). No losses of two or more lines of CDVA were observed, whereas 94.3% (33) of eyes gained one or more lines of CDVA. Keratometric readings and the magnitude of anterior corneal astigmatism were significantly reduced with surgery (
P
< .001), as well as the levels of corneal coma (
P
< .001) and spherical aberration (
P
= .007). Likewise, a significant change toward less prolateness was observed (
P
< .001). Significant correlations were found among the change in CDVA and preoperative CDVA (
r
= −0.532,
P
= .001), and between the change in primary coma root mean square and the preoperative level of spherical aberration (
r
= −0.542,
P
= .001) and coma root mean square (
r
= −0.719,
P
< .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
The implantation of the ICRS evaluated in keratoconus with no coincidence between topographic and comatic axes regularizes the corneal shape and reduces the level of higher order aberrations, inducing a significant visual improvement.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2021;37(10):693–699.]
Epidemiologic Features and Influencing Factors of Norovirus Outbreaks in the City of Wuxi, China from 2014 to 2018
Authors: Geng Qian , Shen Yuan , Shi Ping , Gao Yu-Meng , Feng Wei-Hong , Xiao Yong , Ma Xiaoying , Xie Shanshan , Wang KeWei , Gao Jie , Shi Chao 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT.
The study investigated the genotypic changes and epidemiologic features of norovirus outbreaks and factors influencing the attack rate and outbreak duration in Wuxi from 2014 to 2018. Norovirus outbreaks, monitored through surveillance system, were investigated. The norovirus-positive specimens from outbreaks were collected and genotyped using a dual polymerase-capsid genotyping protocol based on a one-step polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicon. The genotypes were analyzed by Norovirus Typing Tool Version 2.0. A total of 74 norovirus outbreaks were reported in Wuxi from 2014 to 2018. Most (93.2%) norovirus outbreaks were caused by GII genotypes. The predominant norovirus genotypes in outbreaks have changed from GII.17 (20.3%) in 2014–2015 to GII.P16/GII.2 (40.5%) in 2017–2018. GII.P16/GII.2 in 2017–2018 season were more prevalent than GII.17 in 2014–2015 season (χ2 = 4.741, P = 0.029). 56.7% of the outbreaks occurred in primary schools. The re-outbreak rate was 16.2%. 66.7% of re-outbreaks were caused by norovirus variants different from previous genotypes. Outbreaks in nonprimary school settings (odds ratio [OR]: 4.007; 95% CI: 1.247–12.876) and those leading to temporary school or institution closure (OR: 20.510; 95% CI: 1.806–232.937) were reported with a higher attack rate. The outbreaks in primary schools (OR: 4.248; 95% CI: 1.211–14.903), re-outbreaks (OR: 6.433; 95% CI: 1.103–37.534) and longer report timing (OR: 8.380; 95% CI: 2.259–31.089) declared a significantly longer duration. It is of great importance that the monitoring of norovirus outbreaks for the emergence of novel strains, along with responsive prevention and control intervention should be strengthened in adults and school-age population, especially in primary students and preschool children.