bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of the E321G MYH1 variant in Brazilian Quarter Horses
Authors: de Albuquerque Ana L. , Zanzarini Delfiol Diego J. , Andrade Danilo G. A. , Albertino Lukas G. , Sonne Luciana , Borges Alexandre S. , Valberg Stephanie J. , Finno Carrie J. , Oliveira‐Filho Jose P. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryBackgroundIn the Quarter Horse (QH), myosin heavy chain myopathy (MYHM), which is characterised by nonexertional rhabdomyolysis or immune‐mediated myositis (IMM) with acute muscle atrophy, is strongly associated with the missense E321G MYH1 mutation.ObjectivesTo document the existence of MYHM in the Brazilian QH population, this study includes a case report of two related QH foals with the E321G MYH1 mutation that had clinical signs of MYHM, with histological confirmation of IMM in one of the foals. This prompted an investigation the aim of which was to determine the allele frequency of the E321G MYH1 variant across QHs using a DNA archive in Brazil.
Study design
Cross sectional.MethodsTo estimate the allele frequency of the E321G MYH1 variant in Brazilian QHs, 299 DNA samples from QHs used in different disciplines (reining, barrel racing, halter, cutting and racing) were analysed. DNA fragments containing the region with the mutation were amplified by PCR and used for direct genomic sequencing.ResultsOf the 299 genotyped QHs, 44 animals (14.7%) were heterozygous (My/N) for the E321G MYH1 variant, and 255 (85.3%) were homozygous for the wild‐type allele (N/N), implying an allele frequency of 0.074. Reining horses had a significantly higher prevalence of heterozygosity than horses in other disciplines (P = .008).Main limitationsThe DNA samples were collected from 2010 to 2014. As only registered QHs were evaluated, the results may not reflect the actual incidence in the general population of Brazilian QHs.ConclusionsThe reported cases of MYHM and the high prevalence of the MYH1 mutation found in the assessed Brazilian QH population, particularly in reining QHs, suggests that MYHM should be included in genetic screening. Reasonable control measures are important to prevent an increase in the incidence of MYHM in QHs in Brazil.
The role of parents in adolescent obesity treatment: Results of the TEENS+ randomized clinical pilot trial
Authors: Bean Melanie K. , LaRose Jessica Gokee , Raynor Hollie A. , Adams Elizabeth L. , Evans Ronald K. , Farthing Sarah , Wickham Edmond P. , Mazzeo Suzanne E. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryBackgroundThe optimal role for involving parents in adolescent obesity treatment is unknown.ObjectiveTo demonstrate that two parent approaches within adolescent obesity treatment are distinct, as evidenced by differential parent outcomes, and determine the preliminary efficacy of each approach on adolescent weight loss.MethodsAdolescent/parent dyads (N = 82; mean adolescent age = 13.7 ± 1.2 years) participated in TEENS+, a 4‐month behavioural weight loss treatment. Participants were randomized to: (1) TEENS+parents as coaches (PAC; parent skills training), or (2) TEENS+parent weight loss (PWL; adult behavioural weight loss). Assessments occurred at 0, 4 (post‐treatment), and 7‐months. Within‐ and between‐group repeated measures general linear mixed models examined change in parent weight (∆kg; primary outcome); parenting, feeding, weight control strategies, home environment, and adolescent body mass index (∆BMI; secondary outcomes).ResultsPWL parents had greater 4‐month weight losses (∆kg0–4m = −5.14 ± 4.87 kg) compared to PAC (−2.07 ± 3.89 kg; between‐group p < 0.01). Key constructs differed between groups as expected. Both groups yielded significant within‐group adolescent ∆BMI0–4m (PWL: −0.97 ± 1.38 kg/m2 vs. PAC: −0.93 ± 1.42 kg/m2; ps < 0.01); during maintenance, adolescents in PWL had ∆BMI4–7m increases (+0.41 ± 1.07 kg/m2; p = 0.02) while PAC did not (+0.05 ± 1.31 kg/m2; p = 0.82).ConclusionParent treatments were distinct in implementation and both yielded significant 4‐month adolescent weight loss. Differential weight patterns were observed during maintenance, favouring PAC, warranting further exploration.
Transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 during a 2‐h domestic flight to Okinawa, Japan, March 2020
Authors: Toyokawa Takao , Shimada Tomoe , Hayamizu Takahiro , Sekizuka Tsuyoshi , Zukeyama Yuji , Yasuda Miyako , Nakamura Yuko , Okano Sho , Kudaka Jun , Kakita Tetsuya , Kuroda Makoto , Nakasone Tadashi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease (COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2), has rapidly spread globally. Potentially infected individuals travel on commercial aircraft. Thus, this study aimed to investigate and test the association between the use of face masks, physical distance, and COVID‐19 among passengers and flight attendants exposed to a COVID‐19 passenger in a domestic flight.MethodsThis observational study investigated passengers and flight attendants exposed to COVID‐19 on March 23, 2020, on board a flight to Naha City, Japan. Secondary attack rates were calculated. Whole‐genome sequencing of SARS‐CoV‐2 was used to identify the infectious linkage between confirmed cases in this clustering. The association between confirmed COVID‐19 and proximity of passengers' seats to the index case and/or the use of face masks was estimated using logistic regression.ResultsFourteen confirmed and six probable cases were identified among passengers and flight attendants. The secondary attack rate was 9.7%. Twelve of 14 SARS‐CoV‐2 genome sequences in confirmed cases were identical to that of the index case or showed only one nucleotide mutation. Risk factors for infection included not using a face mask (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 7.29, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.86‐28.6), partial face mask use (aOR: 3.0, 95% CI: 0.83‐10.8), and being seated within two rows from the index patient (aOR: 7.47, 95% CI: 2.06‐27.2).ConclusionSARS‐CoV‐2 was transmitted on the airplane. Nonuse of face masks was identified as an independent risk factor for contracting COVID‐19 on the airplane.
Habitat associations of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout Salmo trutta fry
Authors: Fetherman Eric R. , Avila Brian W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHabitat restoration activities continue to increase in large rivers, but many of these projects focus on improving juvenile or adult habitats. Incorporating the habitat associations of fry into restoration designs will allow for broader successes from restoration for all life stages and may be useful for either multispecies or specific‐species management. This study investigated the habitat associations of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout Salmo trutta fry in the upper Colorado River, focusing on the mean substrate size (D50), velocity (m s−1), depth (m) and presence of wood in near‐shore habitats. S. trutta and O. mykiss were found in higher numbers in fry sites with a D50 of 151 mm (ranging from 96 to 206 mm), velocities ranging from 0.20 to 0.23 m s−1 and depths ranging from 0.17 to 0.18 m. Although there was considerable overlap in habitat associations between the two species, there may be opportunities for single‐species management, if this is a goal of such restoration activities, by adjusting design criteria based on differing habitat associations. In addition, the results suggest that including larger particle sizes in near‐shore habitats and upstream of fry sites could decrease Tubifex tubifex habitat and thereby fry infection severity by reducing exposure to Myxobolus cerebralis. Stocking, interspecific competition and/or the presence of pathogens can affect fry habitat associations and cause deviations from demonstrated suitability indices. As such, evaluating system‐specific differences in habitat associations may allow future habitat restoration activities to be more effective.
Development of a farmer‐friendly portable color sorter cum grader for tomatoes
Authors: Rajkumar P. , Abinaya K. , Deepa J. , Pandiselvam R. , Rani C. Indu , Parveen S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a major horticulture crop grown worldwide. The ripened tomatoes are excellent source of antioxidants. On the other hand, the transportation of ripened tomatoes to long distances is a challenging task. However, the unripe tomatoes are opted for long‐distance transportation because of their extended shelf‐life. A sensor was developed with an efficient color sorting program using integrated circuits along with a divergent rolling grader. The developed color sorter cum size grader works on the principle of energetic reflection based on measuring the intensity of light and it comprises feed hopper, chain conveyor, belt conveyor, three color sensor (TCS3200), collecting ducts, inlet hopper, grader, outlet section, and collecting trays. Developed machine was operated by a single‐phase 2 hp motor. The performance of the developed machine was analyzed by measuring capacity, sorting efficiency, overall grading efficiency, and skin damage. Based on the performance evaluation, the maximum sorting efficiency and overall grading efficiency obtained were 94.5% and 94.1, 94.1, and 94.6% for ripe and unripe fruits, respectively.Practical ApplicationsTomato is one of the important commodities, fetching highly fluctuating market values. Color sorting and size grading are very much needed at the field level to overcome human drudgery and to enhance the market value. In this context, a portable color sensor cum grader has been developed, which can be used by the farmers/traders to get higher prices in the market. The capacity of newly developed equipment was approximately 40 kg/hr. The cost of operation of color sorting cum grading equipment was Rs. 3/kg of tomatoes.
Preliminary evidence for the impact of digital life stories about aged care residents on staff knowledge and understanding regarding those residents; A single arm trial
Authors: Bhar Sunil , Stargatt Jennifer , Collins Rebecca , Bhowmik Jahar , Silver Mark 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesThis study aimed to examine the impact of digital stories about aged care residents on staff knowledge and understanding regarding those residents.BackgroundMore than a quarter of a million older Australians live in residential aged care facilities. This living arrangement can inhibit the expression of a person's sense of identity. Without objects and cues that reflect the person's selfhood, it can be difficult for a person to express their uniqueness. Staff may not sufficiently appreciate the resident's individuality and therefore may not be able to customise care for the resident.DesignThis study used a single‐arm trial design.MethodsThe study was conducted in four residential aged care facilities. Short digital life stories (3–4 min) of eight residents were constructed by student volunteers over 6 months. Participants (n = 53 care staff) completed a self‐report measure of their knowledge and understanding of a resident before and after watching the resident's story. The study adhered to guidelines for Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) (see Appendix S1).ResultsPre‐ and post‐test scores of the measure were compared using paired samples t‐tests. These scores changed significantly, showing an improvement of knowledge and understanding regarding residents.ConclusionsWatching digital life stories were associated with improvements in knowledge and understanding by staff, and hence have the potential to foster a greater level of understanding of residents by such staff, and more person‐centred care practices within residential aged care facilities.Relevance to clinical practiceDigital stories about aged care residents are quick and efficient methods for improving aged care staff members' knowledge and understanding of the residents under their care. With such understanding, staff may be able to better customise care for residents, thereby validating residents' sense of identity and elevating residents' quality of life.
Hope, habitus and social recognition: A Bourdieusian proposal
Authors: Piroddi Corrado 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper provides a conceptual account of Pierre Bourdieu's operational concept of habitus through the lens of social recognition. More precisely, a ‘habitus of recognition’, or ‘recognitive habitus’, is defined as a set of perceptive patterns and expectations whose main function is to actualize social behaviour that allows reciprocal recognition among social agents. In this respect, this paper explains why, thanks to the recognition paradigm, we can better grasp how habitus works as a pre‐reflective common sense capable of producing coordinated collective actions and social reproduction.
Arabidopsis MADS‐box factor AGL16 is a negative regulator of plant response to salt stress by downregulating salt‐responsive genes
Authors: Zhao Ping‐Xia , Zhang Jing , Chen Si‐Yan , Wu Jie , Xia Jing‐Qiu , Sun Liang‐Qi , Ma Shi‐Song , Xiang Cheng‐Bin 
Published: October 2021

Summary

Sessile plants constantly experience environmental stresses in nature. They must have evolved effective mechanisms to balance growth with stress response. Here we report the MADS‐box transcription factor AGL16 acting as a negative regulator in stress response in Arabidopsis.

Loss‐of‐AGL16 confers resistance to salt stress in seed germination, root elongation and soil‐grown plants, while elevated AGL16 expression confers the opposite phenotypes compared with wild‐type. However, the sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA) in seed germination is inversely correlated with AGL16 expression levels.

Transcriptomic comparison revealed that the improved salt resistance of agl16 mutants was largely attributed to enhanced expression of stress‐responsive transcriptional factors and the genes involved in ABA signalling and ion homeostasis. We further demonstrated that AGL16 directly binds to the CArG motifs in the promoter of HKT1;1, HsfA6a and MYB102 and represses their expression. Genetic analyses with double mutants also support that HsfA6a and MYB102 are target genes of AGL16.

Taken together, our results show that AGL16 acts as a negative regulator transcriptionally suppressing key components in the stress response and may play a role in balancing stress response with growth.
Justice in epistemic gaps: The ‘proof paradox’ revisited
Authors: Ross Lewis 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper defends the heretical view that sometimes we ought to assign legal liability based on statistical evidence alone. Recent literature focuses on potential unfairness to the defending party if we rely on bare statistics. Here, I show that capitulating in response to ‘epistemic gaps’—cases where there is a group of potential harmers but an absence of individuating evidence—can amount to a serious injustice against the party who has been harmed. Drawing on prominent civil law litigation involving pharmaceutical and industrial negligence, the overall aim is to illustrate moral pitfalls stemming from the popular idea that it is never appropriate to rely on bare statistics when settling a legal dispute.
Complementary resource use in intercropped faba bean and cabbage by increased root growth and nitrogen use in organic production
Authors: Shanmugam Sindhuja , Hefner Margita , Pelck Jeanett S. , Labouriau Rodrigo , Kristensen Hanne L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntercropping can improve yield and nitrogen use efficiency in organic vegetable production by pairing crops with complementary resource use. An intercrop field experiment was conducted to determine yield, root growth and nitrogen (N) dynamics using faba bean (Vicia faba L.) grown as a vegetable and pointed cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata cv. conica). Both crops were grown in monocropping (MC) and intercropping systems (IC). Minirhizotrons were used to measure root growth. Yield of pointed cabbage per metre row was 28% higher under the IC system than under MC, whereas faba bean yield as fresh seeds did not differ. The land equivalent ratio was 1.06, showing that improved yield under IC resulted from efficient land resource use. Even though MC cabbage had the highest aboveground biomass, total N accumulation was higher under IC and MC faba bean systems. Both root frequency and intensity were greater under IC faba bean rows compared with MC faba bean because of the presence of cabbage roots in faba bean rows. Monocropped cabbage had the highest root intensity and the lowest amount of soil mineral N in the 0–1.5 m depth after harvest. Monocropped cabbage was efficient in assimilating N, whereas MC faba bean was efficient in exporting N as harvestable yield. The nitrogen use efficiency using the IC system (75%) was higher than growing faba bean (44%) and cabbage (65%) alone. Thus, faba bean as an intercrop in organic cabbage production systems improves land and N use efficiency by complementary root growth.
The Stability of Plane Poiseuille Flow in a Finite-Length Channel
Authors: Xu Lei , Rusak Zvi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The linear stability of plane Poiseuille flow through a finite-length channel is studied. A weakly divergence-free basis finite element method with streamline upwind Petrov–Galerkin (SUPG) stabilization is used to formulate the weak form of the problem. The linear stability characteristics are studied under three possible inlet–outlet boundary conditions, and the corresponding perturbation kinetic energy transfer mechanisms are investigated. Active transfer of perturbation kinetic energy at the channel inlet and outlet, energy production due to convection and dissipation at the flow bulk provide a new perspective in understanding the distinct stability characteristics of plane Poiseuille flow under various boundary conditions.
CYP1A2 Genotype Polymorphism Influences the Effect of Caffeine on Anaerobic Performance in Trained Males
Authors: Minaei Shahin , Rahimi Mohammad Rahman , Mohammadi Hemn , Jourkesh Morteza , Kreider Richard B. , Forbes Scott C. , Souza-Junior Tacito P. , McAnulty Steven R. , Kalman Douglas 
Published: October 2021

The purpose was to investigate the effects of CYP1A2 −163C > A polymorphism on the effects of acute caffeine (CAF) supplementation on anaerobic power in trained males. Sixteen trained males (age: 21.6 ± 7.1 years; height: 179.7 ± 5.6 cm; body mass: 72.15 ± 6.8 kg) participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo (PLA) controlled crossover design. Participants supplemented with CAF (6 mg/kg of body mass) and an isovolumetric PLA (maltodextrin) in random order and separated by 7 days, before an all-out 30-s anaerobic cycling test to determine peak, average, and minimum power output, and fatigue index. Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted to identify each participants CYP1A2 genotype. Six participants expressed AA homozygote and 10 expressed C alleles. There was a treatment by genotype interaction for peak power output (p = .041, η2 = .265, observed power = 0.552) with only those expressing AA genotype showing improvement following CAF supplementation compared with PLA (CAF: 693 ± 108 watts vs. PLA: 655 ± 97 watts; p = .039), while no difference between treatments was noted in those expressing C alleles (CAF: 614 ± 92 watts vs. PLA: 659 ± 144 watts; p = .135). There were no other interaction or main effects for average or minimum power output, or fatigue index (p > .05). In conclusion, the ingestion of 6 mg/kg of CAF improved peak power output only in participants with the AA genotype compared with PLA; however, expression of the CYP1A2 did not influence average or minimum power output or fatigue index.
U-Pb speleothem geochronology reveals a major 6 Ma uplift phase along the western margin of Dead Sea Transform
Authors: Chaldekas O. , Vaks A. , Haviv I. , Gerdes A. , Albert R. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The timing of vertical motions adjacent to the Dead Sea Transform plate boundary is not yet firmly established. We utilize laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb geochronology of carbonate cave deposits (speleothems) to constrain paleo-groundwater levels along the western margin of the Dead Sea Transform and provide a proxy for the timing of large-scale incision and tectonic uplift. Phreatic speleothems can form in caves that are located slightly below the groundwater level. Tectonic uplift and/or base level subsidence can trigger incision of canyons and induce a drop in the groundwater table. This can cause dewatering of the caves, cessation of the deposition of phreatic speleothems, and initiation of growth of vadose speleothems. The transition between deposition of phreatic and vadose speleothems can therefore reflect tectonic or erosive events.
We obtained 102 U-Pb ages from 32 speleothems collected from three cave complexes across a 150-km-long, north-to-south transect. These ages indicate that phreatic deposition began between 14.68 ± 1.33 and 11.34 ± 1.62 and ended by 6.21 ± 0.59 Ma. Later, vadose speleothems grew intermittently until the Quaternary. These results suggest an abrupt drop in the water table starting at ca. 6 Ma with no re-submergence of the caves. We interpret this to indicate river incision of ~150–200 m that was driven by uplift and folding of the western margin of the Dead Sea Transform and by inland morpho-tectonic, base-level subsidence in the Dead Sea area. The observed timing corresponds with a change in the Euler pole of the plates motion along the Dead Sea Transform. The growth period of phreatic speleothems suggests groundwater level stability and limited vertical tectonic motions between 14 Ma and 6 Ma.
Crystallization in Microgravity and the Atomic-Resolution Structure of Uridine Phosphorylase from Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Eistrikh-Heller P. A. , Rubinsky S. V. , Samygina V. R. , Gabdulkhakov A. G. , Kovalchuk M. V. , Mironov A. S. , Lashkov A. A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Uridine phosphorylases are known as key targets for the development of new anticancer and antiparasitic agents. Crystals of uridine phosphorylase from the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio cholerae were grown in microgravity by the capillary counter-diffusion method on board of the International Space Station. The three-dimensional structure of this enzyme was determined at atomic (1.04 Å) resolution (RCSB PDB ID: 6Z9Z). Alternative conformations of long fragments (β-strands and adjacent loops) of the protein molecule were found for the first time in the three-dimensional structure of uridine phosphorylase in the absence of specific bound ligands. Apparently, these alternative conformations are related to the enzyme function. Conformational analysis with Markov state models demonstrated that conformational rearrangements can occur in the ligand-free state of the enzyme.
Study of GroEL Conformational Mobility by Cryo-Electron Microscopy and Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Panina I. S. , Mamchur A. A. , Yaroshevich I. A. , Zlenko D. V. , Pichkur E. B. , Kudryavtseva S. S. , Muronetz V. I. , Sokolova O. S. , Stanishneva-Konovalova T. B. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Bacterial chaperonin GroEL is a complex ring-shaped protein oligomer that promotes the folding of other proteins by encapsulating them in the cavity. There is very little structural information about the disordered C-terminal fragment of the GroEL subunits, which is involved in the folding of the substrate protein. A 3D reconstruction of the GroEL apo-form was obtained by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) with a resolution of 3.02 Å and supplemented by molecular dynamics (MD) calculations. The results of cryo-EM and MD are in good agreement and demonstrate a diverse mobility of the protein subunit domains. The MD results predict the dynamics and the network of intramolecular contacts of the C-terminal sections of the protein. These results are of great importance for the subsequent study of the mechanism of protein folding in the GroEL cavity.