bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomical and physiological variation of the hyoid musculature during swallowing in infant pigs
Authors: Mayerl Christopher J. , Steer Kendall E. , Chava Almasi M. , Bond Laura E. , Edmonds Chloe E. , Gould Francois D. H. , Hieronymous Tobin L. , Vinyard Christopher J. , German Rebecca Z. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
The function of a muscle is impacted by its line of action, activity timing and contractile characteristics when active, all of which have the potential to vary within a behavior. One function of the hyoid musculature is to move the hyoid bone during swallowing, yet we have little insight into how their lines of action and contractile characteristics might change during a swallow. We used an infant pig model to quantify the contractile characteristics of four hyoid muscles during a swallow using synchronized electromyography, fluoromicrometry and high-speed biplanar videofluoroscopy. We also estimated muscle line of action during a swallow using contrast-enhanced CT-scanned muscles animated to move with the hyoid bone and found that as the hyoid elevated, the line of action of the muscles attached to it became greater in depression. We also found that muscles acted eccentrically and concentrically, which was correlated with hyoid movement. This work contributes to our understanding of how the musculature powering feeding functions during swallowing.
A CT-based radiomics nomogram for differentiation of renal oncocytoma and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma with a central scar-matched study
Authors: Li Xiaoli , Ma Qianli , Nie Pei , Zheng Yingmei , Dong Cheng , Xu Wenjian 
Published: November 2021

Objective:
Pre-operative differentiation between renal oncocytoma (RO) and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) is critical due to their different clinical behavior and different clinical treatment decisions. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a CT-based radiomics nomogram for the pre-operative differentiation of RO from chRCC.

Methods:
A total of 141 patients (84 in training data set and 57 in external validation data set) with ROs (n = 47) or chRCCs (n = 94) were included. Radiomics features were extracted from tri-phasic enhanced-CT images. A clinical model was developed based on significant patient characteristics and CT imaging features. A radiomics signature model was developed and a radiomics score (Rad-score) was calculated. A radiomics nomogram model incorporating the Rad-score and independent clinical factors was developed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. The diagnostic performance was evaluated and validated in three models using ROC curves.

Results:
Twelve features from CT images were selected to develop the radiomics signature. The radiomics nomogram combining a clinical factor (segmental enhancement inversion) and radiomics signature showed an AUC value of 0.988 in the validation set. Decision curve analysis revealed that the diagnostic performance of the radiomics nomogram was better than the clinical model and the radiomics signature.

Conclusions:
The radiomics nomogram combining clinical factors and radiomics signature performed well for distinguishing RO from chRCC.

Advances in knowledge:
Differential diagnosis between renal oncocytoma (RO) and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) is rather difficult by conventional imaging modalities when a central scar was present.
A radiomics nomogram integrated with the radiomics signature, demographics, and CT findings facilitates differentiation of RO from chRCC with improved diagnostic efficacy.
The CT-based radiomics nomogram might spare unnecessary surgery for RO.
Lightning safety awareness level in Malaysia
Authors: Nazri Khairul , Lim Siow Chun , Gomes Chandima 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Malaysia is one of the countries with the highest lightning flash density globally. While sufficiency of lightning protection system is crucial to ensure human safety against lightning strikes, the public awareness towards lightning safety is also equally important in Malaysia. Hence, this study was conducted to understand the current lightning safety awareness level of the Malaysian population. Methods: An online questionnaire survey which consists of 22 scientific statements of lightning was first developed in Malay and English. The questionnaire allows the respondent to also check their own score upon completion of the questionnaire. It was then distributed to the public for data collection. The sample size comprised of both genders, all layers of society from various educational level and social background. Results: Overall, the awareness on lightning safety amongst Malaysian is at moderate level with an average score of slightly above 50%. Urbanites scored marginally better than their rural counterparts. One’s education level does not dictate their awareness level of lightning safety. Discussion: In conclusion, the public in Malaysia needs to be better educated on lightning safety. Similar studies should be replicated in other countries experiencing similar levels of lightning activity to better understand the public’s perception on lightning.
Evaluation of electrocardiogram: numerical vs. image data for emotion recognition system
Authors: Sayed Ismail Sharifah Noor Masidayu , Ab. Aziz Nor Azlina , Ibrahim Siti Zainab , Nawawi Sophan Wahyudi , Alelyani Salem , Mohana Mohamed , Chia Chun Lee 
Published: November 2021

Background: The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a physiological signal used to diagnose and monitor cardiovascular disease, usually using ECG wave images. Numerous studies have proven that ECG can be used to detect human emotions using numerical data; however, ECG is typically captured as a wave image rather than as a numerical data. There is still no consensus on the effect of the ECG input format (either as an image or a numerical value) on the accuracy of the emotion recognition system (ERS). The ERS using ECG images is still inadequately studied. Therefore, this study compared ERS performance using ECG image and ECG numerical data to determine the effect of the ECG input format on the ERS. Methods: This study employed the DREAMER dataset, which contains 23 ECG recordings obtained during audio-visual emotional elicitation. Numerical data was converted to ECG images for the comparison. Numerous approaches were used to obtain ECG features. The Augsburg BioSignal Toolbox (AUBT) and the Toolbox for Emotional feature extraction from Physiological signals (TEAP) extracted features from numerical data. Meanwhile, features were extracted from image data using Oriented FAST and rotated BRIEF (ORB), Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT), KAZE, Accelerated-KAZE (AKAZE), Binary Robust Invariant Scalable Keypoints (BRISK), and Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG). Dimension reduction was accomplished using linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and valence and arousal were classified using the Support Vector Machine (SVM). Results: The experimental results indicated that numerical data achieved arousal and valence accuracy of 69% and 79%, respectively, which was greater than those of image data. For ECG images, the highest accuracy for arousal was 58% percent; meanwhile, the valence was 63%. Conclusions: The finding showed that numerical data provided better accuracy for ERS. However, ECG image data which shows positive potential and can be considered as an input modality for the ERS.
Case Report: Acute abdomen presentation revealing a metastatic invasive mole with uterine rupture
Authors: Dhieb Fatma , Boumediene Miriam , Saoussem Armi , Mariem Garci , Nabil Mathlouthi , Bel Haj Kacem Linda , Ksentini Meriem , Jrad Miriam 
Published: November 2021

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia refers to the aggressive subset of gestational trophoblastic disease, including invasive mole, choriocarcinoma, placental site trophoblastic tumor, and epithelioid trophoblastic tumor. These tumors may have atypical clinical presentations that can mislead the diagnosis. The reported case is a 48-year-old woman in perimenopause, without any history of vaginal bleedings nor molar pregnancy, who presented to the Emergency Department with acute abdominal pain. Serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) was highly elevated at 261 675.23 mIU/ml. A complicated invasive mole was suspected, and an abdominal computed tomography was performed, showing a moderate hemoperitoneum associated to complex cystic and solid uterine mass, with a common left iliac adenomegaly and multiple pulmonary nodules. MRI showed a multiloculated cystic uterine mass with zones of hemorrhage recalling an invasive mole with perforation of the posterior uterus wall, associated to a high abundance hemoperitoneum. The diagnosis of a metastatic invasive mole complicated of uterine rupture and hemoperitoneum was retained. A surgical intervention was decided immediately and a subtotal hysterectomy with bilateral annexectomy was done. Pathologic examination of the specimen was positive for an invasive mole. The patient was proposed for chemotherapy. This case study will increase awareness of unusual clinical presentations of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia We believe that our case will contribute to the literature not only because of the rarity of this entity in perimenopausal period, but also due the atypical clinical presentation as acute abdomen without vaginal bleeding nor history of molar pregnancy evacuation
Presence, flow, and narrative absorption questionnaires: a scoping review
Authors: Pianzola Federico 
Published: November 2021

Background: This is a review and analysis of the questionnaires most used in empirical research on psychological phenomena labelled as “presence,” “flow,” and “narrative absorption,” mostly for experiences mediated by technology (printed books, screens for games and films, and virtual reality). Overlapping concepts have been formulated in different fields according to specific disciplinary interests and based on knowledge within each field. Objectives: This review focuses on how language is actually used in questionnaire items, rather than on how concepts are formulated top-down and associated with corresponding linguistic expressions that become items of a questionnaire. The goal is to highlight similarities and overlaps in order to show a possible interdisciplinary agreement about the core aspects of the psychological states elicited by mediated experiences. Eligibility criteria: Questionnaires developed or used for research about VR, video games, films, or books have been selected for analysis. They should be available in English and used in empirical research since the year 2000. Sources of evidence: A search has been performed through Google Scholar and two other disciplinary bibliographies edited by international learned societies. Charting methods: The items of each questionnaire are categorized based on their wordings, and thus independently from the conceptual models within which they have been developed. Based on this categorization, various domains to which the items can be ascribed are identified (e.g. space, realism, agency, etc.) and psychological phenomena are linked to them (e.g. presence, social presence, narrative absorption, etc.). Results: 308 items in 23 questionnaires have been found to have overlapping of wordings. Conclusions: A list of the core aspects of presence, social presence, flow, and narrative absorption is presented, together with a critical selection of items suitable to measure each construct.
Domain adaptation and transfer learning for failure detection and failure-cause identification in optical networks across different lightpaths [Invited]
Authors: Musumeci Francesco , Venkata Virajit Garbhapu , Hirota Yusuke , Awaji Yoshinari , Xu Sugang , Shiraiwa Masaki , Mukherjee Biswanath , Tornatore Massimo 
Published: November 2021

Optical network failure management (ONFM) is a promising application of machine learning (ML) to optical networking. Typical ML-based ONFM approaches exploit historical monitored data, retrieved in a specific domain (e.g., a link or a network), to train supervised ML models and learn failure characteristics (a signature) that will be helpful upon future failure occurrence in that domain. Unfortunately, in operational networks, data availability often constitutes a practical limitation to the deployment of ML-based ONFM solutions, due to scarce availability of labeled data comprehensively modeling all possible failure types. One could purposely inject failures to collect training data, but this is time consuming and not desirable by operators. A possible solution is transfer learning (TL), i.e., training ML models on a source domain (SD), e.g., a laboratory testbed, and then deploying trained models on a target domain (TD), e.g., an operator network, possibly fine-tuning the learned models by re-training with few TD data. Moreover, in those cases when TL re-training is not successful (e.g., due to the intrinsic difference in SD and TD), another solution is domain adaptation, which consists of combining unlabeled SD and TD data before model training. We investigate domain adaptation and TL for failure detection and failure-cause identification across different lightpaths leveraging real optical SNR data. We find that for the considered scenarios, up to 20% points of accuracy increase can be obtained with domain adaptation for failure detection, while for failure-cause identification, only combining domain adaptation with model re-training provides significant benefit, reaching 4%–5% points of accuracy increase in the considered cases.
Synchronization of gigahertz core resonances in multiple photonic crystal fiber cores by timing-modulated harmonic mode locking
Authors: Yeh Dung-Han , He Wenbin , Pang Meng , Jiang Xin , Russell Philip St.J. 
Published: November 2021

Synchronization of mechanical oscillators by optical forces is a topic that has been much explored in recent years, for example, in the context of SiN microdisk resonators. Here we report stable long-term synchronization of the core vibrations of three different photonic crystal fibers, driven intra-cavity by a 2 GHz train of timing-modulated pulses in a high harmonic opto-acoustically mode-locked fiber laser. The core resonances are equally spaced in frequency and are coupled purely by the optical field. Under the correct conditions, they become stably synchronized, being simultaneously driven by the timing-modulated pulse train. Floquet–Bloch theory, in which the pulses are treated as particles trapped in potential wells and coupled by optomechanical back-action, describes the complex temporal dynamics observed in the experiments. This unique system provides a novel means of modifying the temporal structure of pulse trains running at few-gigahertz repetition rates.
Slide-free histological imaging by microscopy with ultraviolet surface excitation using speckle illumination
Authors: Wong Ivy H. M. , Zhang Yan , Chen Zhenghui , Kang Lei , Wong Terence T. W. 
Published: November 2021

Microscopy with ultraviolet surface excitation (MUSE) is a promising slide-free imaging technique to improve the time-consuming histopathology workflow. However, since the penetration depth of the excitation light is tissue dependent, the image contrast could be significantly degraded when the depth of field of the imaging system is shallower than the penetration depth. High-resolution cellular imaging normally comes with a shallow depth of field, which also restricts the tolerance of surface roughness in biological specimens. Here we propose the incorporation of MUSE with speckle illumination (termed MUSES), which can achieve sharp imaging on thick and rough specimens. Our experimental results demonstrate the potential of MUSES in providing histological images with

∼
1

μm

spatial resolution and improved contrast, within 10 minutes for a field of view of

1.7

mm
×
1.2

mm

. With the extended depth of field feature, MUSES also relieves the constraint of tissue flatness. Furthermore, with a color transformation assisted by deep learning, a virtually stained histological image can be generated without manual tuning, improving the applicability of MUSES in clinical settings.
Safe reopening of college campuses during COVID-19: The University of California experience in Fall 2020
Authors: Pollock Brad H. , Kilpatrick A. Marm , Eisenman David P. , Elton Kristie L. , Rutherford George W. , Boden-Albala Bernadette M. , Souleles David M. , Polito Laura E. , Martin Natasha K. , Byington Carrie L. 
Published: November 2021

Background
Epidemics of COVID-19 in student populations at universities were a key concern for the 2020–2021 school year. The University of California (UC) System developed a set of recommendations to reduce campus infection rates. SARS-CoV-2 test results are summarized for the ten UC campuses during the Fall 2020 term.

Methods
UC mitigation efforts included protocols for the arrival of students living on-campus students, non-pharmaceutical interventions, daily symptom monitoring, symptomatic testing, asymptomatic surveillance testing, isolation and quarantine protocols, student ambassador programs for health education, campus health and safety pledges, and lowered density of on-campus student housing. We used data from UC campuses, the UC Health–California Department of Public Health Data Modeling Consortium, and the U.S. Census to estimate the proportion of each campus’ student populations that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and compared it to the fraction individuals aged 20–29 years who tested positive in their respective counties.

Results
SARS-CoV-2 cases in campus populations were generally low in September and October 2020, but increased in November and especially December, and were highest in early to mid-January 2021, mirroring case trajectories in their respective counties. Many students were infected during the Thanksgiving and winter holiday recesses and were detected as cases upon returning to campus. The proportion of students who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during Fall 2020 ranged from 1.2% to 5.2% for students living on campus and was similar to students living off campus. For most UC campuses the proportion of students testing positive was lower than that for the 20–29-year-old population in which campuses were located.

Conclusions
The layered mitigation approach used on UC campuses, informed by public health science and augmented perhaps by a more compliant population, likely minimized campus transmission and outbreaks and limited transmission to surrounding communities. University policies that include these mitigation efforts in Fall 2020 along with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, may alleviate some local concerns about college students returning to communities and facilitate resumption of normal campus operations and in-person instruction.
‘We dry contaminated meat to make it safe’: An assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices on anthrax during an outbreak, Kisumu, Kenya, 2019
Authors: Mugo Bernard Chege , Lekopien Cornelius , Owiny Maurice 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionAnthrax is the highest-ranked priority zoonotic disease in Kenya with about ten human cases annually. Anthrax outbreak was reported in Kisumu East Sub County after some villagers slaughtered and ate beef from a cow suspected to have died of anthrax. We aimed at establishing the magnitude of the outbreak, described associated factors, and assessed community knowledge, attitude, and practices on anthrax.MethodsWe reviewed human and animal records, conducted case search and contact tracing using standard case definitions in the period from July 1through to July 28, 2019. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess community knowledge, attitude, and practices towards anthrax. The household selection was done using multistage sampling. We cleaned and analyzed data in Ms. Excel and Epi Info. Descriptive statistics were carried out for continuous and categorical variables while analytical statistics for the association between dependent and independent variables were calculated.ResultsOut of 53 persons exposed through consumption or contact with suspicious beef, 23 cases (confirmed: 1, probable: 4, suspected: 18) were reviewed. The proportion of females was 52.17% (12/23), median age 13.5 years and range 45 years. The attack rate was 43.4% (23/53) and the case fatality rate was 4.35% (1/23). Knowledge level, determined by dividing those considered to be ‘having good knowledge’ on anthrax (numerator) by the total number of respondents (denominator) in the population regarding cause, transmission, symptoms and prevention was 51% for human anthrax and 52% for animal anthrax. Having good knowledge on anthrax was associated with rural residence [OR = 5.5 (95% CI 2.1–14.4; p<0.001)], having seen a case of anthrax [OR = 6.2 (95% CI 2.8–14.2; p<0.001)] and among those who present cattle for vaccination [OR = 2.6 (95% CI 1.2–5.6; p = 0.02)]. About 23.2% (26/112) would slaughter and sell beef to neighbors while 63.4% (71/112) would bury or burn the carcass. Nearly 93.8% (105/112) believed vaccination prevents anthrax. However, 5.4% (62/112) present livestock for vaccination.ConclusionMost anthrax exposures were through meat consumption. Poor knowledge of the disease might hamper prevention and control efforts.
Hotspots and trends in liver kinase B1 research: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Song Yaowen , Zhao Fangkun , Ma Wei , Li Guang 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionIn the past 22 years, a large number of publications have reported that liver kinase B1 (LKB1) can regulate a variety of cellular processes and play an important role in many diseases. However, there is no systematic bibliometric analysis on the publications of LKB1 to reveal the research hotspots and future direction.MethodsPublications were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC), Scopus, and PubMed databases. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to analysis the top countries, institutions, authors, source journals, discipline categories, references, and keywords.ResultsIn the past 22 years, the number of LKB1 publications has increased gradually by year. The country, institution, author, journals that have published the most articles and cited the most frequently were the United States, Harvard University, Prof. Benoit Viollet, Journal of Biochemistry and Plos One. The focused research hotspot was the molecular functions of LKB1. The emerging hotspots and future trends are the clinical studies aboutLKB1and co-mutated genes as biomarkers in tumors, especially in lung adenocarcinoma.ConclusionsOur research could provide knowledge base, frontiers, emerging hotspots and future trends associated with LKB1 for researchers in this field, and contribute to finding potential cooperation possibilities.