bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Histopathological Features of Diffuse Infiltrating Retinoblastoma in Chinese Children
Authors: Zhang YaNan , Chang Ying , Li Bin , Xu Xiaolin , Zhang Xu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To describe the clinical and histopathological characteristics of diffuse infiltrating retinoblastoma underwent primary enucleation from Chinese children. Methods: It was a hospital-based retrospective study that included all eyes with retinoblastomas consecutively enucleated in the Beijing Tongren Hospital between October 2005 and October 2019. Further studies were carried out in patients diagnosed by clinicians and pathologists as diffuse infiltrating retinoblastoma. Results: Out of 1,911 patients, 37 eyes of 37 patients (2%) were classified as diffuse infiltrating type and treated with primary enucleation. The tumors were detected at a mean age of 47 months (range: 6–108 months). There were two (5%) patients with binocular tumors and one (3%) patient with a positive family history. Anterior chamber fine needle aspiration biopsy was obtained in 5 cases for diagnostic purpose. In 11 patients (30%), the retinoblastoma had not initially been diagnosed as a tumor. The most common symptoms found on ophthalmic examination were conjunctiva injection (n=17;46%) of anterior segment and vitreous seeds (n=23; 62%) of posterior segment. 12 of 37 tumors measured by imaging examination and cross-section showed the average height was 7mm and average width was 10mm. The minimum tumor diameter was just 3mm. Histopathology revealed tumor invasion into optic nerve (n=26; 70%), iris (n=14; 38%), ciliary body (n=12; 32%), massive choroid (n=2;5%) and iris neovascularization (n=24; 65%). Histopathologic risk factors (HRF) were detected in 26 eyes. Anterior chamber fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), cornea endothelium with tumor seeds, anterior chamber free-floating tumor seeds, or pseudohypopyon might contribute to a higher rate of histopathological risk factors. Conclusions: Diffuse infiltrating retinoblastoma was usually masqueraded as endophthalmitis. Therefore, it should always be considered as a differential diagnosis in intraocular inflammation. Considering the so small diameter of the tumor, it should be examined carefully. Anterior chamber fine needle aspiration biopsy should be used with caution.
Evolution of GERD symptoms after bariatric surgery: A dose- response meta-analysis
Authors: Elzouki Abdelnaser , Waheed Muhammad-Aamir , Suwileh Salah , Swehli Hisham , Alhitmi Maryam , Saad Mona , Habas Elmukhtar , Doi Suhail A. , Danjuma Mohammed 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Importance Obesity is associated with increased prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD); with recent reports suggesting improvement in GERD symptoms and weight loss following bariatric surgical intervention. However, the exact impact of the type of bariatric surgery on the evolution of GERD symptoms have remained unexamined. Objective To characterize the exact evolution of GERD symptoms, post bariatric surgery.Data sources We systematically searched electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from inception to December 2018) for eligible studies that satisfy pre-specified inclusion criteria. Study selection We included clinical trials of all designs (prospective and retrospective) that reported on GERD outcomes following Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG) or laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB).Data extraction and synthesis Two independent reviewers extracted relevant data based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. Data were pooled using a random-effects model.Main outcomes Symptomatic improvement in GERD symptoms following bariatric surgery Results A total of 39 studies were analyzed and a robust-error meta-regression model was used to conduct a Dose-Response Meta-Analysis (DRMA) synthesizing data on 39 studies that reported GERD outcomes after bariatric surgery. Out of 43,994 patients who underwent either LSG (N = 9,547 patients) or LRYGB (N = 34,447 patients), 32.4% experienced improvement in symptoms (95% CI 20.62 to 45.45); The DRMA demonstrated a window period of two years for sustained improvement after which symptoms began to recur in those that were asymptomatic. Conclusion and relevance Bariatric surgery may improve GERD symptoms in obese patients who underwent LSG, however, the most favorable effect is likely to be found after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. The effects were not sustained and returned to baseline within 4 years.
Early High-Dose Continuous Veno-Venous Hemofiltration Alleviates the Alterations of Cd4+ T Lymphocyte Subsets in Septic Patients Combined With Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Jin Beibei , Cao Da , Yang Ning , Wang Ling , Li Ruifang , Liu Xiumei , Gong Ping 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThis study aims to observe the changes in CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets in septic patients combined with acute kidney injury and the effect of early high-dose CVVH on CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets. MethodsEnrolled septic patients combined with acute kidney injury were randomly divided into CVVH (n = 50) and conventional treatment (non-CVVH, n = 53) groups. Healthy volunteers (n = 21) were enrolled. CVVH was initiated within 12 h of intensive care unit (ICU) admission with the doses of 35 ~ 60 mL/kg/h and maintained for at least 72 h. Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg were measured by flow cytometry on days 1, 3 and 7 of ICU admission. Sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores were calculated. ResultsTh1 percentages and Th1/Th2 ratios were lower, and Th2, Th17 and Treg percentages and Th17/Treg ratios were higher in patients with sepsis, when compared to healthy volunteers (all P < 0.05). Early high-dose CVVH treatment significantly increased Th1 percentages and Th1/Th2 ratios, and significantly decreased Th2, Th17 and Treg percentages and Th17/Treg ratios, when compared to non-CVVH treatment (all P < 0.05). Th1 percentages and Th1/Th2 ratios were negatively correlated with SOFA scores, while Th2, Th17 and Treg percentages and Th17/Treg ratios were positively correlated with SOFA scores (all P < 0.05). Patients with sepsis in the CVVH group had significantly lower SOFA scores on day 7 of ICU admission and a shorter ICU stay when compared to those in the non-CVVH group (P < 0.05). However, the difference in 28-day mortality was not significant between the CVVH and non-CVVH groups (22.0% vs. 37.7%, P = 0.104).ConclusionSeptic patients combined with acute kidney injury exhibit the different alterations of CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets. Early high-dose CVVH treatment could alleviate the alterations, which may be one of factors associated with the improvement of sepsis severity, but do not significantly decrease the 28-day mortality.
SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence and associated risk factors in an urban district of Cameroon
Authors: Nwosu Kenechukwu , Fokam Joseph , Wanda Franck , Mama Lucien , Orel Erol , Ray Nicolas , Meke Jeanine , Tassegning Armel , Takou Desire , Mimbe Eric , Stoll Beat , Guillebert Josselin , Comte Eric , Keiser Olivia , Ciaffi Laura 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The extent of SARS-CoV-2 circulation in many African countries remains unclear, underlining the need for antibody sero-surveys to assess the cumulative attack rate. Here, we present the results of a cross-sectional sero-survey of a random sample of residents of a health district in Yaoundé, Cameroon, conducted from October 14 to November 26, 2020. Among the 971 participants, the test-adjusted seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies was 29·2% (95%CI 24·3–34·1). This is about 323 times greater than the 0.09% nationwide attack rate implied by COVID-19 case counts at the time. Men, obese individuals and those living in large households were significantly more likely to be seropositive, and the majority (64·2% [58·7–69·4]) of seropositive individuals reported no symptoms. Despite the high seroprevalence, most of the population had not been infected with SARS-CoV-2, highlighting the importance of continued measures to control viral spread and quick vaccine deployment to protect the vulnerable.
Interference-free tool path generation for the robotic polishing of blisks
Authors: Wang Yuanming , Yang Jixiang , Li Dingwei , Ding Han 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the robotic polishing process, the tool and the blisk interfere easily because of the narrow operation space and seriously twisted curved surfaces. Algorithms are proposed to detect and avoid collisions with high efficiency and accuracy. First, the curved surface of the blade is discretized into a set of points, and the collision detection between the tool and the blisk is converted into the calculation of distances between the tool and points on blade surface. Then, the tool axial vector is adjusted with the minimum rotation angle to avoid collision, which reduces the impact on surface profile accuracy after changing the tool postures. The machining quality is finally guaranteed by con-trolling the material removal depth of the polishing process. The proposed method realizes the collision detection and interference avoidance of the blisk polishing effectively, while it also ensures the surface quality of workpiece when adjusting the tool posture. Simulation and experiments are carried out to verify the feasibility and advantages of the proposed method.
Variability Analysis of Graded Channel Dual Material-double Gate Strained-silicon MOSFET With fixed Charges
Authors: Suddapalli Subba Rao , Nistala Bheema Rao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, variability analysis of graded channel dual material (GCDM) double gate (DG) strained-silicon (s-Si) MOSFET with fixed charges is analyzed with the help of Sentaurus TCAD. By varying the different device parameters, the variability analysis of the proposed GCDM-DG s-Si MOSFET is performed with respect to variations in threshold voltage and drain current as the line edge roughness and fluctuations in random dopant, contact resistance, and oxide thickness are considered. The results confirm that the effect of process variations is severe when the device has fixed charges at oxide interface. Moreover, the proposed GCDM-DG s-Si p-MOSFET has less vulnerable to the effects of line edge roughness, fluctuations in oxide thickness and random dopants in comparison with the proposed GCDM-DG s-Si n-MOSFET.
Real time video image processing with Kerr microcombs
Authors: Tan Mengxi , Xu Xingyuan , Boes Andreas , Corcoran Bill , Wu Jiayang , Nguyen Thach G. , Chu Sai T. , Little Brent E. , Morandotti Roberto , Lowery Arthur J. , Mitchell Arnan , MOSS DAVID 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Advanced image processing will be crucial for emerging technologies such as autonomous driving, where the requirement to quickly recognize and classify objects under rapidly changing, poor visibility environments in real time will be needed. Photonic technologies will be key for next-generation signal and information processing, due to their wide bandwidths of 10’s of Terahertz and versatility. Here, we demonstrate broadband real time analog image and video processing with an ultrahigh bandwidth photonic processor that is highly versatile and reconfigurable. It is capable of massively parallel processing over 10,000 video signals simultaneously in real time, performing key functions needed for object recognition, such as edge enhancement and detection. Our system, based on a soliton crystal Kerr optical micro-comb with a 49GHz spacing with >90 wavelengths in the C-band, is highly versatile, performing different functions without changing the physical hardware. These results highlight the potential for photonic processing based on Kerr microcombs for chip-scale fully programmable high-speed real time video processing for next generation technologies.
Re-Sequencing and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveal Differences in Nitrite Reductase in Jujube Fruit (Ziziphus Jujube)
Authors: Li Na , Song Yuqin , Li Jie , Hao Ruijie , Feng Xinxin , Li Liulin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundJujube is one of the characteristic fruit tree species in China. ‘Linhuang No. 1’, a cracking-resistant cultivar, and ‘Muzao’, a cracking-susceptible cultivar, were selected as materials by previous study. Whole-genome re-sequencing and transcriptome of ‘Linhuang No. 1’ and ‘Muzao’ allow the screening out of differently expressed genes with different gene structures between them. It could be helpful in explaining divergence/similarity between the two cultivars. ResultsThere are 664,129 mutation sites between ‘Linhuang No. 1’ and ‘Muzao’ by re-sequencing. To determine the genetic relationship of ‘Linhuang 1’, ‘Muzao’ and reference genome ‘Dongzao’, the characteristic mutation sites were analyzed by principal component analysis. The genetic relationship between ‘Linhuang No. 1’ and ‘Muzao’ was closer than that with ‘Dongzao’. 19 differentially expressed genes were screened by combining the transcriptomics with re-sequencing analysis. LOC107427052 (encoding nitrite reductase) was determined by KEGG enrichment analysis for further study. The large base insertion was not in the domain region of the LOC107427052 gene CDS region. As verified by the finding that the base insertion did not affect protein translation. LOC107427052 gene expression levels, the nitrite reductase activities and the nitrite content of ‘Muzao’ were significantly higher than those of ‘Linhuang No. 1’ at young fruit stage. There was no significant difference in the product ammonia of nitrite reductase between the two varieties. ConclusionsOur study has laid a foundation for the analysis of genetic information and the comparative nitrite metabolism of ‘Linhuang No. 1’ and ‘Muzao’.
First Molecular Characterization of Poxviruses in Cattle, Sheep, and Goats in Botswana
Authors: Modise Boitumelo Magret , Settypalli Tirumala Bharani Kumar , Kgotlele Tebogo , Xue Dingrong , Ntesang Kebonyemodisa , Kumile Kago , Naletoski Ivancho , Nyange John Frederick , Thanda Carter , Macheng Kenny Nametso , Marobela-Raborokgwe Chandapiwa , Viljoen Gerrit Johannes , Cattoli Giovanni , Lamien Charles Euloge 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPoxviruses within the Capripoxvirus, Orthopoxvirus, and Parapoxvirus genera can infect livestock, with the two former presenting also zoonotic importance. In addition, they induce similar clinical symptoms in common host species, creating a challenge for diagnosis. Although endemic in the country, poxvirus infections of small ruminants and cattle have received little attention in Botswana, and there was no prior attempt of using molecular tools to diagnose the diseases and characterize the pathogens.MethodsA high-resolution melting (HRM) assay was used to detect and differentiate poxviruses in samples from four cattle (from Mahalapye, Kasane, and Molepolole), one sheep (from Jwaneng), and one goat (from Kasane). Molecular characterization of capripoxviruses and parapoxviruses was undertaken by sequence analysis of RPO30 and GPCR genes.ResultsThe HRM assay revealed lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) in three cattle samples, pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) in one cattle sample, and orf virus (ORFV) in one goat and one sheep sample. The phylogenetic analyses, based on the RPO30 and GPCR, and the inspection of the multiple sequence alignments showed that the LSDV sequences of Botswana were more like those of common LSDV field isolates encountered in Africa, Asia, and Europe. The Botswana PCPV presented unique features and clustered between camel isolates and cattle isolates of the PCPV group. The Botswana ORFV from goat differed from the ORFV collected in sheep.ConclusionsThis study is the first report on the genetic characterization of pox virus diseases circulating in cattle, goats, and sheep in Botswana. It shows the importance of molecular methods to differentially diagnose pox virus diseases of ruminants.
Highly Sensitive Tri-Path Photonic Crystal Fiber Plasmonic Sensor Based on Hybrid Layer of Gold / Platinum Diselenide
Authors: Dhinakaran Vijayalakshmi , Manimegalai C.T. , Ayyanar Natesan , Nguyen Truong Khang , Kalimuthu K. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Platinum Diselenide, PtSe2 is becoming highly trending owing to its fascinating optoelectronic, thermoelectric and semiconductor properties. They are non-toxic, chemically inert and allow high biomolecule absorption which makes them highly applicable in sensors to boost the sensing performance. Here, we propose Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) based Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) sensor for enhanced refractive index sensing at mid infrared wavelengths. In order to achieve this, tri-path PCF coated with hybrid layer of gold/PtSe2 which allows light to travel freely through the cladding and interact with the plasmonic material to create strong coupling effect. Finite Element Method is used for numerical examination and investigation of the sensing performance for the designed tri-path sensor. The optimized proposed sensor exhibits maximum wavelength sensitivity of 42,000 nm/RIU and maximum wavelength resolution of 2.4 x 10-6 within the analyte range from 1.33 to 1.38, which almost covers the unknown analytes of chemical, bio and gas. Further, we achieve very low loss and unique design to accomplish high sensitivity which makes it applicable to be a future candidate in various sensing applications.
A brief overview of clinical significance of blood group antibodies
Authors: Gandhi M.J. , Strong D.M. , Whitaker B.I. , Petrisli E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This review was derived from a presentation made on September 2, 2016 for the first Academy Day presented by the Working Party on Immunohematology at the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) Congress in Dubai. The focus of this review is to provide a brief overview of the clinical significance of blood group antibodies. Blood group antibodies can be naturally occurring (e.g., anti-A and anti-B through exposure to naturally occurring red blood cell [RBC] antigen-like substances) or can occur via exposure to foreign (donor) RBC antigens through previous transfusions, transplants, or exposure to fetal RBCs during or after pregnancy. However, not all blood group antibodies are clinically significant. Clinically significant blood group antibodies can cause adverse events after blood component transfusion or transplantation and/or can cause hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn.
Immunohematology

2018;34:4–6.
Management of pregnancy sensitized with anti-Inb maternal blood donation
Authors: Shree R. , Ma K.K. , Er L.S. , Delaney M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Maternal red blood cell (RBC) alloantibodies can cause hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). Although much is described about common antibodies associated with HDFN, management of a pregnancy complicated by a maternal rare antibody presents several challenges related to assessment of fetal anemia risk, availability of blood for transfusion to the mother and/or the fetus or newborn if needed, and planning for delivery in the case of maternal hemorrhage. Here we report the laboratory medicine workup of a patient who presented for obstetrical care in the United States in the third trimester and had a rare antibody (anti-Inb). Prenatal antibody detection testing demonstrated maternal anti-Inb in a 28-year-old woman (gravida 4 para 1021). Ultrasound could not rule out fetal anemia. Monocyte monolayer assay was performed to assess for the clinical significance of the anti-Inb and revealed that the antibody may be capable of causing accelerated clearance of antigen-positive RBCs. A local and national query revealed that no appropriate units of RBCs were available for either the mother or neonate. Given this information, serial maternal autologous blood donations were performed, and a comprehensive care plan with a multidisciplinary approach for delivery, neonatal management, and preparation for hemorrhage was developed. Published data and our experience suggest that maternal blood donation appears to be a safe and effective way to manage mothers who cannot safely use the community blood supply. Involvement of obstetric, transfusion medicine, anesthesia, and neonatology providers was imperative for a favorable outcome. The antibody did not cause clinically significant anemia in this infant.
Immunohematology

2018;34:7–10.
A review of in vitro methods to predict the clinical significance of red blood cell alloantibodies
Authors: Nance S.J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This review was derived from a presentation made on September 2, 2016, for the first Academy Day presented by the Working Party on Immunohematology at the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) Congress in Dubai. The focus of this review is on the clinical significance of alloimmunization in transfusion—specifically, the parameters that contribute to a clinically significant alloantibody. The areas of focus were as follows: Introduction, Technical Aspects, and Indications and Limitations. Each section contains a brief review of selected literature and experiential knowledge. Case reports are needed to collect data on current outcomes of incompatible transfusion. The ISBT Working Party on Rare Donors has developed a form to capture case-specific information.
Immunohematology

2018;34:11–15.
Clinical significance of antibodies to antigens in the International Society of Blood Transfusion collections, 700 series of low-incidence antigens, and 901 series of high-incidence antigens
Authors: Lomas-Francis C. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article reviews information regarding the clinical significance of antibodies to antigens in the blood group collections, the 700 series of low-incidence antigens, and the 901 series of high-incidence antigens. Antibodies to many of the antigens in these groups are rarely encountered, meaning that available information is limited. For a few, the clinical significance— the potential to cause reduced survival of transfused antigen-positive red blood cells, a hemolytic transfusion reaction (e.g., anti-AnWj, anti-Emm), or hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (e.g., anti-Kg, anti-HJK)—has been documented. Many other specificities have so far been benign (e.g., anti-Csa, anti-M1).
Immunohematology

2018;34:39–45.
Adsorption of cold agglutinins with rabbit red blood cells
Authors: Cobaugh A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Cold-reactive autoagglutinins may mask the presence of underlying clinically significant alloantibodies. Adsorption with rabbit red blood cells (RBCs) or stroma can remove cold autoagglutinins found in the patient’s plasma/serum that are directed towards antigens expressed on the surface of rabbit RBCs. By removing these cold autoagglutinins, it is then possible to determine whether any underlying alloantibody reactivity is present. Although this method may also unintentionally adsorb alloantibodies directed towards antigens found on rabbit RBCs, it is still a widely used and convenient method to remove cold autoagglutinins.
Immunohematology

2018;34:46–48.
Low-ionic-strength saline solution–antiglobulin test (LISS-AGT)
Authors: Walker L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The use of low-ionic-strength saline (LISS) solution as an enhancement for antibody screening and crossmatching was first described by Löw and Messeter in 1974. This method allowed for a reduced incubation time while maintaining adequate specificity and sensitivity of the antiglobulin test (AGT). Since then, the LISS-AGT tube method has been widely used in antibody detection and identification, as well as compatibility testing. As initially described, the method used red blood cells suspended in LISS. Modifications of the method led to development of the commercially prepared LISS additive solutions in use today. The LISS-AGT can be used effectively to detect alloantibodies of all major blood groups in antibody detection, antibody identification, and crossmatching procedures.
Immunohematology

2018; 34:57–60.