bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The FADS1 Genotype Modifies Metabolic Responses to the Linoleic Acid and Alpha‐linolenic Acid Containing Plant Oils–Genotype Based Randomized Trial FADSDIET2
Authors: Lankinen Maria A. , de Mello Vanessa D. , Meuronen Topi , Sallinen Taisa , Ågren Jyrki , Virtanen Kirsi A. , Laakso Markku , Pihlajamäki Jussi , Schwab Ursula 
Published: February 2021

ScopeThe article investigates the FADS1 rs174550 genotype interaction with dietary intakes of high linoleic acid (LA) and high alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA) on the response of fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipids (PLs), and of markers of low‐grade inflammation and glucose‐insulin homeostasis.Methods and resultsOne‐hundred thirty homozygotes men for FADS1 rs174550 SNP (TT and CC genotypes) were randomized to an 8‐week intervention with either LA‐ or ALA‐enriched diet (13 E% PUFA). The source of LA and ALA are 30–50 mL of sunflower oil (SFO, 62–63% LA) and Camelina sativa oil (CSO, 30– are randomized to an 35% ALA), respectively. In the SFO arm, there is a significant genotype x diet interaction for the proportion of arachidonic acid in plasma phospholipids (p < 0.001), disposition index (DI30) (p = 0.039), and for serum high‐sensitive c‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP, p = 0.029) after excluding the participants with hs‐CRP concentration of >10 mg L‐1 and users of statins or anti‐inflammatory therapy. In the CSO arm, there are significant genotype x diet interactions for n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, but not for the clinical characteristics.ConclusionsThe FADS1 genotype modifies the response to high PUFA diets, especially to high‐LA diet. These findings suggest that approaches considering FADS variation may be useful in personalized dietary counseling.
Maternal Garlic Oil Supplementation Prevents High‐Fat Diet‐Induced Hypertension in Adult Rat Offspring: Implications of H2S‐Generating Pathway in the Gut and Kidneys
Authors: Hsu Chien‐Ning , Hou Chih‐Yao , Chang‐Chien Guo‐Ping , Lin Sufan , Tain You‐Lin 
Published: February 2021

ScopePerinatal high‐fat (HF) diet induces hypertension in adult offspring. Garlic, a naturally dietary source of Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donor, has been shown benefits in hypertension. The article examines whether maternal garlic oil supplementation can prevent hypertension induced by HF diet and elucidate its protective effects.Methods and resultsPregnant rats are given either a normal diet or HF diet. Rat dams are given garlic oil or vehicle daily by oral gavage at 100 mg kg‐1 day‐1 during pregnancy and lactation. Male offspring are sacrificed at 16 weeks of age. Garlic oil supplementation during pregnancy and lactation protected against hypertension induced by HF diet in adult male offspring. The beneficial effects of garlic oil are associated with increased renal mRNA expression and activity of H2S‐generating enzymes, increased NO bioavailability, increased plasma short chain fatty acid levels, and alterations of gut microbiota composition. Garlic oil supplementation increases abundance of genus Lactobacillus, but decreases genera Turicibacter and Staphylococcus.ConclusionThe data reveals associations between H2S‐generating pathway in the gut and kidneys, NO system, gut microbiota, and microbiota‐derived metabolites in hypertension induced by HF intake and provide insight to garlic oil as a hypertension reprogramming strategy for further translational research.
Design and fabrication of MEMS lowpass filter exploiting space mapping algorithm
Authors: Xiao Shaohui , Ou Yi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA high‐performance microstrip lowpass filter with coplanar waveguide as the ports is proposed and analyzed. By cascading asymmetric hairpin resonators, a compact elliptic function low‐pass filter with wide stop band was realized. The filter was optimized using aggressive space mapping algorithm, and finally a filter with a cut‐off frequency of 11.8 GHz was obtained. Stop bandwidth with attenuation level better than −27 dB extends from 15.6 to 36 GHz. Also, the maximum insertion loss in the passband is 0.9 dB and the return loss is better than −22 dB. The filter is manufactured on the silicon wafer using micro‐electromechanical systems process, and the measured results in good agreement with the simulation results.
Assessment of pleural invasion and adhesion of lung tumors with dynamic chest radiography: A virtual clinical imaging study
Authors: Tanaka Rie , Samei Ehsan , Segars William Paul , Abadi Ehsan , Matsumoto Isao , Tamura Masaya , Takata Munehisa , Yamashiro Tsuneo 
Published: February 2021

PurposeAccurate preoperative assessment of tumor invasion/adhesion is crucial for planning appropriate operative procedures. Recent advances in digital radiography allow a motion analysis of lung tumors with dynamic chest radiography (DCR) with total exposure dose comparable to that of conventional chest radiography. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of preoperative evaluation of pleural invasion/adhesion of lung tumors with DCR through a virtual clinical imaging study, using a four‐dimensional (4D) extended cardiac‐torso (XCAT) computational phantom.MethodsAn XCAT phantom of an adult man (50th percentile in height and weight) with simulated respiratory and cardiac motions was generated to use as a virtual patient. To simulate lung tumors with and without pleural invasion, a 30‐mm diameter tumor sphere was inserted into each lobe of the phantom. The virtual patient during respiration was virtually projected using an x‐ray simulator in posteroanterior (PA) and oblique directions, and sequential bone suppression (BS) images were created. The measurement points (tumor, rib, and diaphragm) were automatically tracked on simulated images by a template matching technique. We calculated five quantitative metrics related to the movement distance and directions of the targeted tumor and evaluated whether DCR could distinguish between tumors with and without pleural invasion/adhesion.ResultsPrecise tracking of the targeted tumor was achieved on the simulated BS images without undue influence of rib shadows. There was a significant difference in all five quantitative metrics between the lung tumors with and without pleural invasion both on the oblique and PA projection views (P < 0.05). Quantitative metrics related to the movement distance were effective for tumors in the middle and lower lobes, while, those related to the movement directions were effective for tumors close to the frontal chest wall on the oblique projection view. The oblique views were useful for the evaluation of the space between the chest wall and a moving tumor.ConclusionDCR could help distinguish between tumors with and without pleural invasion/adhesion based on the two‐dimensional movement distance and direction using oblique and PA projection views. With anticipated improved image: processing to evaluate the respiratory displacement of lung tumors in the upper lobe or behind the heart, DCR holds promise for clinical assessment of tumor invasion/adhesion in the parietal pleura.
Dynamic PET image reconstruction utilizing intrinsic data‐driven HYPR4D denoising kernel
Authors: Cheng Ju‐Chieh (Kevin) , Bevington Connor , Rahmim Arman , Klyuzhin Ivan , Matthews Julian , Boellaard Ronald , Sossi Vesna 
Published: February 2021

PurposeReconstructed PET images are typically noisy, especially in dynamic imaging where the acquired data are divided into several short temporal frames. High noise in the reconstructed images translates to poor precision/reproducibility of image features. One important role of “denoising” is therefore to improve the precision of image features. However, typical denoising methods achieve noise reduction at the expense of accuracy. In this work, we present a novel four‐dimensional (4D) denoised image reconstruction framework, which we validate using 4D simulations, experimental phantom, and clinical patient data, to achieve 4D noise reduction while preserving spatiotemporal patterns/minimizing error introduced by denoising.MethodsOur proposed 4D denoising operator/kernel is based on HighlY constrained backPRojection (HYPR), which is applied either after each update of OSEM reconstruction of dynamic 4D PET data or within the recently proposed kernelized reconstruction framework inspired by kernel methods in machine learning. Our HYPR4D kernel makes use of the spatiotemporal high frequency features extracted from a 4D composite, generated within the reconstruction, to preserve the spatiotemporal patterns and constrain the 4D noise increment of the image estimate.ResultsResults from simulations, experimental phantom, and patient data showed that the HYPR4D kernel with our proposed 4D composite outperformed other denoising methods, such as the standard OSEM with spatial filter, OSEM with 4D filter, and HYPR kernel method with the conventional 3D composite in conjunction with recently proposed High Temporal Resolution kernel (HYPRC3D‐HTR), in terms of 4D noise reduction while preserving the spatiotemporal patterns or 4D resolution within the 4D image estimate. Consequently, the error in outcome measures obtained from the HYPR4D method was less dependent on the region size, contrast, and uniformity/functional patterns within the target structures compared to the other methods. For outcome measures that depend on spatiotemporal tracer uptake patterns such as the nondisplaceable Binding Potential (BPND), the root mean squared error in regional mean of voxel BPNDvalues was reduced from ~8% (OSEM with spatial or 4D filter) to ~3% using HYPRC3D‐HTR and was further reduced to ~2% using our proposed HYPR4D method for relatively small target structures (~10 mm in diameter). At the voxel level, HYPR4D produced two to four times lower mean absolute error in BPNDrelative to HYPRC3D‐HTR.ConclusionAs compared to conventional methods, our proposed HYPR4D method can produce more robust and accurate image features without requiring any prior information.
Occupational doses to the eye lens in pediatric and adult noncardiac interventional radiology procedures
Authors: Morcillo Ana Belén , Alejo Luis , Huerga Carlos , Bayón José , Marín Alberto , Corredoira Eva , Novo Joan Ricardo , Hernández Teresa , Ponce María Dolores , Garzón Gonzalo , Vañó Eliseo , Guibelalde Eduardo 
Published: February 2021

PurposeTo assess occupational lens exposure in a mixed interventional radiology department, comparing pediatric and adult procedures. To analyze the correlation between the lens dose and the doses measured at the chest and collar level and the kerma‐area product (PKA).MethodsFor 17 months, three radiologists performing both pediatric and adult interventions were monitored by means of 14 dosimeters per worker: 12 single‐point optically stimulated luminescent (OSL) dosimeters calibrated in terms of Hp(0.07) were placed on the inside and outside of two pairs of lead glasses, one for pediatric procedures and one for adult interventions; another whole‐body OSL dosimeter calibrated in terms of Hp(10) was placed over the thyroid shield; finally, an additional active solid‐state dosimeter, also calibrated for Hp(10), was worn on the chest, over the apron. Furthermore, a database was created to register the demographic and dosimetric data of the procedures, as well as the name of the radiologist acting as first operator.ResultsFor the three radiologists, who performed 276–338 procedures/year (20% pediatric), cumulative annual doses to the left bare eye exceeded 20 mSv (21–61 mSv). Considering the glasses’ protection, annual doses exceeded 6 mSv (13–48 mSv) for both eyes. No important differences were observed in lens dose per procedure between pediatric and adult interventions (0.16 vs 0.18, 0.12 vs 0.09, and 0.07 vs 0.07 mSv), although lens dose per PKA was 4.1–4.5 times higher in pediatrics (5.8 vs 1.3, 3.3 vs 0.8, and 2.6 vs 0.6 µSv/Gy·cm2) despite a similar use of the ceiling‐suspended screen. Lens doses were highly correlated with collar readings (with Pearson coefficients [r] ranging from 0.86 to 0.98) and with chest readings (with r ranging from 0.75 to 0.93). However, slopes of the linear regressions varied greatly among radiologists.ConclusionsThere is real risk of exceeding the occupational dose limit to the eye lens in mixed interventional radiology rooms if radiation protection tools are not used properly. Regular monitoring of the lens dose is recommended, given lens exposure might easily exceed 6 mSv/yr. Using a collar dosimeter for this purpose might be suitable if it is preceded by an individualized regression analysis. The same radiation protection measures should be applied to interventional radiologists regardless of whether they are treating pediatric or adult patients.
Electromagnetic simulation of a 16‐channel head transceiver at 7 T using circuit‐spatial optimization
Authors: Li Xin , Pan Jullie W. , Avdievich Nikolai I. , Hetherington Hoby P. , Rispoli Joseph V. 
Published: February 2021

PurposeWith increased interest in parallel transmission in ultrahigh‐field MRI, methods are needed to correctly calculate the S‐parameters and complex field maps of the parallel transmission coil. We present S‐parameters paired with spatial field optimization to fully simulate a double‐row 16‐element transceiver array for brain MRI at 7 T.MethodsWe implemented a closed‐form equation of the coil S‐parameters and overall spatial field. We minimized a cost function, consisting of coil S‐parameters and the homogeneity in brain tissue, by optimizing transceiver components, including matching, decoupling circuits, and lumped capacitors. With this, we are able to compare the in silico results determined with and without homogeneity weighting. Using the known voltage range from the host console, we reconstructed the maps of the array and performed RF shimming with four realistic head models.ResultsAs performed with homogeneity weighting, the optimized coil circuit components were highly consistent over the four heads, producing well‐tuned, matched, and decoupled coils. The mean peak forward powers and statistics for the head models are consistent with in vivo human results (N = 8). There are systematic differences in the transceiver components as optimized with or without homogeneity weighting, resulting in an improvement of 28.4 ± 7.5% in homogeneity with a small 1.9 ± 1.5% decline in power efficiency.ConclusionThis co‐simulation methodology accurately simulates the transceiver, predicting consistent S‐parameters, component values, and field. The RF shimming of the calculated field maps match the in vivo performance.
High‐frequency electrical properties tomography at 9.4T as a novel contrast mechanism for brain tumors
Authors: Lesbats Clémentine , Katoch Nitish , Minhas Atul Singh , Taylor Arthur , Kim Hyung Joong , Woo Eung Je , Poptani Harish 
Published: February 2021

PurposeTo establish high‐frequency magnetic resonance electrical properties tomography (MREPT) as a novel contrast mechanism for the assessment of glioblastomas using a rat brain tumor model.MethodsSix F98 intracranial tumor bearing rats were imaged longitudinally 8, 11 and 14 days after tumor cell inoculation. Conductivity and mean diffusivity maps were generated using MREPT and Diffusion Tensor Imaging. These maps were co‐registered with T2‐weighted images and volumes of interests (VOIs) were segmented from the normal brain, ventricles, edema, viable tumor, tumor rim, and tumor core regions. Longitudinal changes in conductivity and mean diffusivity (MD) values were compared in these regions. A correlation analysis was also performed between conductivity and mean diffusivity values.ResultsThe conductivity of ventricles, edematous area and tumor regions (tumor rim, viable tumor, tumor core) was significantly higher (P < .01) compared to the contralateral cortex. The conductivity of the tumor increased over time while MD from the tumor did not change. A marginal positive correlation was noted between conductivity and MD values for tumor rim and viable tumor, whereas this correlation was negative for the tumor core.ConclusionWe demonstrate a novel contrast mechanism based on ionic concentration and mobility, which may aid in providing complementary information to water diffusion in probing the microenvironment of brain tumors.
Optimizing influenza vaccine composition: A machine learning approach
Authors: Bandi Hari , Bertsimas Dimitris 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe propose a holistic framework based on state‐of‐the‐art methods in machine learning and optimization to prescribe influenza vaccine composition that are specific to a region, or a country based on historical data concerning the rates of circulation of predominant viruses. First, we develop a tensor completion formulation to predict rates of circulation of viruses for the next season based on historical data. Then, taking into account the uncertainty in the predicted rates of circulation of predominant viruses, we propose a novel robust prescriptive framework for selecting suitable strains for each subtypes of the flu virus: Influenza A (H1N1 and H3N2) and B viruses for production. Through numerical experiments, we show that our proposed vaccine compositions could potentially lower morbidity by 11–14% and mortality by 8–11% over vaccine compositions proposed by World Health Organization (WHO) for Northern Hemisphere, and lower morbidity by 8–10% and mortality by 6–9% over vaccine compositions proposed by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for United States, and finally, lower morbidity by 10–12% and mortality by 9–11% over vaccine compositions proposed by European Medicines Agency (EMA) for Europe.
Comparison of different linear‐combination modeling algorithms for short‐TE proton spectra
Authors: Zöllner Helge J. , Považan Michal , Hui Steve C.N. , Tapper Sofie , Edden Richard A.E. , Oeltzschner Georg 
Published: February 2021

Short‐TE proton MRS is used to study metabolism in the human brain. Common analysis methods model the data as a linear combination of metabolite basis spectra. This large‐scale multi‐site study compares the levels of the four major metabolite complexes in short‐TE spectra estimated by three linear‐combination modeling (LCM) algorithms. 277 medial parietal lobe short‐TE PRESS spectra (TE = 35 ms) from a recent 3 T multi‐site study were preprocessed with the Osprey software. The resulting spectra were modeled with Osprey, Tarquin and LCModel, using the same three vendor‐specific basis sets (GE, Philips and Siemens) for each algorithm. Levels of total N‐acetylaspartate (tNAA), total choline (tCho), myo‐inositol (mI) and glutamate + glutamine (Glx) were quantified with respect to total creatine (tCr). Group means and coefficient of variations of metabolite estimates agreed well for tNAA and tCho across vendors and algorithms, but substantially less so for Glx and mI, with mI systematically estimated as lower by Tarquin. The cohort mean coefficient of determination for all pairs of LCM algorithms across all datasets and metabolites was
= 0.39, indicating generally only moderate agreement of individual metabolite estimates between algorithms. There was a significant correlation between local baseline amplitude and metabolite estimates (cohort mean
= 0.10).While mean estimates of major metabolite complexes broadly agree between linear‐combination modeling algorithms at group level, correlations between algorithms are only weak‐to‐moderate, despite standardized preprocessing, a large sample of young, healthy and cooperative subjects, and high spectral quality. These findings raise concerns about the comparability of MRS studies, which typically use one LCM software and much smaller sample sizes.
Minimum cost flow problem with conflicts
Authors: Şuvak Zeynep , Altınel İ. Kuban , Aras Necati 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe minimum cost flow problem with conflicts is a recent extension of the ordinary minimum cost flow problem. It includes flow compatibility restrictions in addition to flow balance equalities and capacity constraints: at most one of the conflicting arcs can have positive flow. In this work we study this extension of the minimum cost flow problem, which can be faced in many real‐world applications. We give mixed‐integer programming formulations of the problem after briefly analyzing its complexity and propose two exact solution algorithms. One of them is a branch‐and‐bound procedure with combinatorial branching rules based on conflicts in an optimal solution of the relaxations. The other one is a Russian Doll Search method exploring the maximal stable sets of the conflict graph, which is obtained from the original network with the purpose of representing the conflict relations among arcs. Also, a set of preprocessing procedures is introduced with the aim of reducing the size of the problem. We can say that the new algorithms are very efficient according to the results of extensive computational experiments realized on a large set of test problems.
An adaptive harmonic polynomial cell method with immersed boundaries: Accuracy, stability, and applications
Authors: Tong Chao , Shao Yanlin , Bingham Harry B. , Hanssen Finn‐Christian W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe present a 2D high‐order and easily accessible immersed‐boundary adaptive harmonic polynomial cell (IB‐AHPC) method to solve fully nonlinear wave‐structure interaction problems in marine hydrodynamics using potential‐flow theory. To reduce the total number of cells without losing accuracy, adaptive quad‐tree cell refinements are employed close to the free‐surface and structure boundaries. The present method is simpler to implement than the existing IB‐HPC alternatives, in that it uses standard square cells both in the fluid domain and at the boundaries, thus without having to use the more complex and expensive overlapping grids or irregular cells. The spurious force oscillations on moving structures, which is a known issue for immersed boundary methods (IBMs), are eliminated in this study by solving a separate boundary value problem (BVP) for a Lagrangian acceleration potential. We also demonstrate that solving a similar BVP for the corresponding Eulerian acceleration potential is far less satisfactory due to the involved second derivatives of the velocity potential in the body‐boundary condition, which are very difficult to calculate accurately in an IBM‐based approach. In addition, we present, perhaps for the first time since the HPC method was developed, a linear matrix‐based stability analysis for the time‐domain IB‐AHPC method. The stability analysis is also used in this study as a general guide to design robust and stable numerical algorithms, in particular related to the treatment of boundary conditions close to the intersection between a Dirichlet and a Neumann boundary, which is essential in time‐domain wave‐structure interaction analyses using IBMs. We confirm theoretically through the stability analysis that square cells have the best stability properties. The present method has been verified and validated satisfactorily by various cases in marine hydrodynamics, including a moving structure in an infinite fluid, fully nonlinear wave generation and propagation, and fully nonlinear diffraction and radiation of a ship cross section.