bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Veterinary-Sanitary Inspection of the Upland Game Meat from the Yakutian Habitat
Authors: Petrova E M , Alekseeva N I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article presents the results of the veterinary-sanitary inspection and research of upland game carcasses. During the primary inspection, we paid special attention to the presence of abnormal changes typical of infectious and invasive diseases, based on the standard rules for inspecting the meat of domestic fowl. We also took into consideration the nature of injuries, dehematizing levels, product quality, and freshness. The preservation of the upland game meat depends not only on the rapid removal of intestines from carcasses but also on the type and area of injuries, and the level of dehematization. The study matter for this research is represented by the carcasses of upland game, namely their muscle tissues. During the research, we used organoleptic, physical, chemical, bacteriological, pathomorphological, and mathematic methods. During the organoleptic tests, the highest appraisal of upland game products on a 9-point scale was within the range of 8.4-9, which complies with the standards. The content of amino-ammonia nitrogen was 0.78±0.01. The primary protein breakdown product test showed that the fresh meat produced clear stock without flaking. The fat acidity value test showed an increase from 0.8±0.01 to 3.9±0.01 mg/KOH; the fat peroxide value increased from 0.01±0.01 to 0.74±0.5% J. The pH value varied from 5.99±1.79 for fresh meat to 7.70±0.01 for stale upland game meat. The microbiological tests did not find any pathogenic germs, including salmonella and Listeriamonocytogenes bacteria.
Optimization of the Fertilizer Application Quality Management System
Authors: Darbasova L A , Filatov A S , Savvinov I I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article notes that crop mineral nutrition optimization is one of the key tasks of agriculture to obtain high quality and stable yield. This goal cannot be achieved without serious knowledge about soil properties, crops biological features, fertilizer methods and forms, and their interaction between themselves and other parts of the environment. The article describes intensive and industrial technologies, which are oriented on the effective use of chemicals.
It is noted that successful improvement of all types of fertilizer efficiency and chemical protection products is possible only on the basis of technological processes quality management comprehensive system, including interrelated organizational, technological, and social activities.
Adaptive Geological Modelling and Its Application for Petroleum Reservoir Conditions
Authors: Ursegov S O , Zakharian A Z , Serkova V I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article discusses the difference between the adaptive geological model and the traditional deterministic one, which is based on the manual work of geologists in the pre-computer era. Today, the deterministic approach to modelling has outlived its usefulness. Computer simulations use other methods. Therefore, it is necessary to break away from the deterministic tradition in order to move on. The adaptive geological model is a mathematical function, the purpose of which is not at all to display actual information about the structure of a petroleum reservoir as accurately as possible, but to predict its structure in undrilled zones. The adaptive approach proves that it is not necessary to obey the facts for a successful forecast. This is often even harmful, since the geological structure of the petroleum reservoir at the points where the wells are drilled is known without modelling. Just as in the regression analysis, it is not at all necessary that the function passes exactly through all the actual points, it is not necessary for the geological model of the petroleum reservoir to fully reproduce the actual data. This is the fundamental feature of the adaptive geological model.
Analysis of Possible Operational Defects in and Damages to the Gas Turbine Drives of Gas Pumping Units and Techniques for Their Diagnostics
Authors: Velichko E I , Bunyakin A V , Muzykantova A V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Modern gas pumping units quite often use gas turbine drives adapted to ground operating conditions. The distribution of failures occurring in such a gas pumping unit tilts towards the engine. The resulting failures can be distributed between various assemblies of the gas turbine drive, but practice shows that the combustion chamber of a gas turbine engine (GTE) is the most dangerous from the standpoints of reliability and safety.
The paper considers the gas turbine drive failure flow distribution. Specific malfunctions inherent in the combustion chamber of a gas turbine engine and their causes such as fuel pressure pulsation, a local increase in the gas flow temperature, flameout or cessation of combustion, damage and burnout of flame tubes, deposits on the combustion chamber elements, fuel injector blockage or burnout, and incomplete fuel combustion have been described in detail.
The paper also proposes a technique developed by the authors for determining the GTE combustion chamber malfunctions by oscillation parameters using a mathematical model explaining the occurrence of certain modulations reflecting specific engine malfunctions.
Investigation of the Influence of Ultrafine Grinding and Ultrasonic Field on the Intensification of the Processes of Extraction of Iron Oxides from Ash and Slag Waste of Energy
Authors: Danilov O S , Taskin A V , Elkin O I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The possibility of extracting iron oxides from ash and slag wastes of the Primorskaya GRES power plant - (Luchegorsk, Primorsky Kray) was investigated. The positive influence of the energy of ultrasonic vibrations with frequency of 22 kHz and power at1 kW, on the increase in the percentage of extraction of iron from ash and slag waste from thermal power is presented. The optimal time of exposure to ultrasound radiation on ash and slag pulp is determined. A comparison of the magnetic separation of ash and slag waste (ASW) without additional grinding with magnetic separation with preliminary grinding of sample materials down to 90 and 40 microns is carried out. The positive effect of preliminary grinding of the ASW sample on the efficiency of the subsequent magnetic separation is presented. With double magnetic separation of the ASW sample in a magnetic field of 300 T and preliminary crushing of the sample to a particle size class of less than 40 microns, a concentrate was obtained with an iron oxide content of 52.9; the extraction rate of iron oxides equaled 84.2%.
The Introduction of Clay Placer Dredging Preparation Technology
Authors: Kostromin M V , Yakimov A A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A large number of placer deposits in the Trans-Baikal Territory and other regions of the Far East and Siberia feature large amounts of clay (30% and more). In such conditions, their development and preparation are complicated. The dredger performance reduced by 10-15%, and metal loss during preparation, especially small and fine-grained gold, amount to 30-50% and sometimes even more. Therefore, we face a problem of weakening the cleat between mineral grains and clay particles acting as an adhesive. Besides, we need to develop efficient technology for clay and cemented placer deposits for dredging. We developed and introduced into production a clay sand weakening technology. It was used on a dredging site in the Zabaykalye territory and resulted in a significant improvement of the dredger performance and gold output.
Brief Review of Modern Devices for Blast Mitigation
Authors: Chernyshov M V , Kapralova A S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Rapid and reliable attenuating the shock wave is the main goal of every protective devices, and it is therefore not surprising that achieving this has received a lot of attention over the past some time. Different options have been suggested; their usefulness varying from a reasonable protection to the opposite, a shock enhancement. In protecting humans and installations from destructive shock and/or blast waves the prime goal is to reduce the wave amplitude and the rate of pressure increase across the wave front. In this study modern blast-protection devices based on physical and geometric methods of shock wave attenuation are considered.
A Simplified Model of the Russian Gas Industry
Authors: Tarasov A E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Russia feels confident in the group of leading countries in the production and export of natural gas (natural and associated) due to the largest proven reserves. The unique ecological properties of natural gas in comparison with other types of fossil fuels, according to analysts of the largest international energy companies and leading world energy agencies, will allow it to maintain an ever-increasing demand in the future until 2040, despite the massive introduction of renewable energy sources (RES) around the world. There is no consensus among the forecasters about the levels achieved at the end of the forecast period and the growth rates. According to forecasts, the main drivers of gas demand growth will be the third world countries, which will be led by India and China. According to forecasts, the European gas market will stagnate due to the widespread introduction of energy-saving technologies, global climate change and the massive construction of renewable energy sources in the large and small electric power industry, due to significant legislative and significant economic preferences. The COVID 19 pandemic has significantly reduced the demand for gas, which, together with low prices in all world markets, calls into question the implementation of not only the most capital-intensive projects, but also projects with medium capital intensity. In this regard, the creation of a simplified model of the gas industry in Russia is becoming more urgent.
Modeling of Surfactant Adsorption in the Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Egorova V , Ziniukov R , Zhdanov M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The problem of surfactant absorption in carbonate reservoir during surfactant injection as enhanced oil recovery method becomes more on the front burner. Moreover, since reservoir simulation progress improves invariably it forces to apply special programs to reach enlargement of the amount of recoverable oil. Therefore, in this article surfactant adsorption in carbonate reservoir was simulated. As a result, it has been got that recovery was improved with surfactant application.
The Content of Nutritional Elements in Gray Forest Soil and Spring Wheat Yield in Relation to the Aftereffect of Lime and Mineral Fertilizers in an Alternating Crop Rotation
Authors: Dijachenko E N , Shevelev A T 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We present the results of studies of the content of nutrients in gray forest soil and spring wheat grain yields for three years of the fifth rotation (2017–2019) in the alternating crop rotation: corn, barley and clover, clover, wheat, in the conditions of Baikal region. The soil of the experimental site is gray forest heavy loamy. The predecessor was clover green manure, and we did not use any mineral fertilizers. The results of the experiment demonstrated that aftereffects of nitrogen-potassium and complete fertilizer of the 2nd year contributed to an increase in nitrate nitrogen content on the non-limed background by 8–12% and on the background with liming aftereffect – by 13–19%; aftereffect of phosphate fertilizer in double and triple combination on two backgrounds increased the amount of mobile phosphorus by 8–15 and 7–10% respectively. As a result of liming aftereffects, the amount of N-NO3 and P2O5 increased by 18 and 2% on average. The content of mobile potassium in the soil did not depend on aftereffects of mineral fertilizers and liming. On average, during the years of research, aftereffects of mineral fertilizers increased the yield of wheat grain by 0.18-0.35 t/ha (7-13%), aftereffects of liming – by 0.17–0.27 t/ha, and joint use of fertilizers and lime – by 0.20–0.45 t/ha (7–16%). Maximum harvest yield of wheat, 3.34 t/ha, was achieved in the variant with aftereffects of N30P30K30 on the limed background.
The Technique for Zoning by the Soil Strata Mechanical Stability Degree
Authors: Khansivarova N M , Efremov G V , Tryukhan V A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The safety of buildings and structures largely depends on the bearing capacity of soil foundations. Structurally unstable dispersed soils with unstable water-colloidal bonds are widespread in Russia, therefore, the issue of evaluating the mechanical stability of dispersed soils is relevant. The authors have developed a technique for zoning by the soil strata mechanical stability degree, the approbation of which is exemplified by a large construction site being designed. The deformation modulus has been used as the main criterion. The technique involves a series of sequential logical operations outlined herein. On the experimental site, areas with a low, medium, and high stability degree of the soil stratum and its engineering-geologic elements (EGE) have been identified. For sites with a low stability degree, recommendations for their development are given.
Smart Transport Systems as a Method to Improve the Sustainability of City Transportation Network
Authors: Sakhapov R L , Nikolaeva R V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Nowadays large cities are experiencing transportation problems caused by the growth of motor vehicles amount, which requires a huge capacity of the roads. Most cities were built without taking into account today’s traffic volume, so it is difficult to build new roads or reconstruct existing road network. In this regard, it is possible to increase the sustainability of the urban transport network by applying smart transport systems based on system modeling and traffic flows managing. Managing severe congestion in challenging urban environments requires the creation of traffic models that can reproduce real traffic situations with long lines and feedbacks. The article discusses the modeling of traffic flow in the city. As an example illustrating the potential of a transport network, we chose simulation package AIMSUN, which allows simulating traffic. The article analyzes the feasibility of changes in the organization of traffic and the results of the implementation of the model under two different measures to improve the sustainability of city transportation network. This allows to get a draft of a workable system, which does not have to be substantially refined when it is about to be implemented. Thus, modeling reduces the cost of designing and implementing measures to improve the sustainability of transport networks and shortens the process.
Concerning the Bottom Erosion and Frost Heaving on the Section of the Underwater Crossing Route of MGL Across the River Lena
Authors: Permyakov P P , Kornilova Z G , Ammosov G S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The uneven nature of the planned-high-altitude positions (PHAP) of the gas pipelines in the floodplain of the river Lena is affected by the hydrological, natural environment, and climatic processes and such permafrost processes as heaving, thawing, and freezing.The effects of hydrodynamic and permafrost processes, heaving phenomena on floodplain areas and shore slopes together increase the non-functional loads on the underwater gas pipeline. Due to these factors, high longitudinal tensile stress arises in the welded joints of siphon pipes and facilitates accidents and incidents at the underwater crossing of MGL. A numerical experiment was performed with the initial data on the river Lena in the area of the underwater crossing of the main gas pipeline (MGL) using hydrometeorological data. The dynamics of erosion over time is presented. A change in the profile of bottom sediments negatively affects the state of the pipeline. Dangerous exogenous processes: seasonal heaving, frost cracking, thermal subsidence, thermokarst, and coastal erosion, intensify when the natural conditions are disturbed (underwater crossings).
Investigation of Thermal Properties of Fuel Briquettes by DSC Method
Authors: Nikolaeva L A , Solovev T M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article presents the investigation of thermal destruction of wood (pine), brown coal, oil sludge, and bitumen of BND 90/130 grade by the method of differential scanning calorimetry. A thermal analysis of the samples was accomplished in an oxidizing environment (air). The stages of the thermal decomposition under the conditions of programmed heating from 40°C to 600°C at a rate of 20°C /min, their temperature ranges, and maximum temperatures on the DSC curves have been established. The thermal effects of the evaporation of bound moisture and the process of thermal decomposition of the fuel have been determined.
Experimental Study of Mathematical Models of the Heating Defect Coefficient for the Heating-Cooling Cycles of an Electrical Connection
Authors: Ignatenko I V , Vlasenko S A , Nakonechniy M V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Reliable electrical connections are responsible for the trouble-free operation of entire systems where the load (electric stock) is roughly alternating. This circumstance makes it more complicated to identify the current state of the electrical connection during operation. During operation, the value of the transient resistance increases, as the tightening torque of the clamp dies is reduced (loosening) and the oxide films appear in sites of the wire and clamp joint. For the satisfactory condition, the value of the transient resistance should not exceed the value equal to the ohmic (linear) conductor resistance. Therefore, the aim of this work is the research study and comparison of the mathematical model to assess the state of the electrical connection under operational conditions that indirectly determines the actual value of the transient resistance.
Application of Fuzzy Situational Networks in Decision Support Systems in the Transport Industry
Authors: Shevtsova A , Novikov A N , Eremin S V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article deals with the design of decision support systems in the transport industry based on fuzzy situational networks, which are parameterized by a set of states and transitions between them. The proposed model is represented as a fuzzy hierarchical situational-event network. A mechanism for the dynamic formation of fuzzy situational networks has been developed. The obtained optimal estimates of control decisions that come out of the network nodes represent the basic mechanism for generating transition estimates. In the general case, the use of situational networks as a basic technology for creating decision support systems presupposes the existence of a knowledge base with a structure corresponding to the description of knowledge in the formed model of a fuzzy situational network.
Impact of Large Floods on Water Resources and Infrastructure of Urban Areas in the Amur River Region
Authors: Makhinov A N , Shuguang Liu , Dai C , Araruna J T , Kim V I , Makhinova A F 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article considers the impact of rainfall floods of the Amur river on the distribution of suspended sediments and the content of heavy metals in the watercourse. It presents measurement data of these parameters for equal flood rise and fall flows. The authors found out that factors like a high proportion of watercourse width to its depth, the presence of large tributaries, and the branching of the river course have the strongest impact on the heterogeneity of the distribution of terrigenous and chemical substances across the length and width of the river. They also identified the key impacts of large floods that transform the river course and have negative effects on the reliability and conditions of waterworks within urban territories.
Forecast of Coronavirus Distribution in a Number of Countries of Europe and Asia: Dynamic and Stochastic Approach
Authors: Pichugin Yu A , Malafeyev O A , Zaitseva I V , Shulga A A , Kolesov D N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The simplest example of a dynamic stochastic approach to the study of the distribution of the coronovirus is considered. The distribution of coronavirus outside of china is considered as a modeling object. The choice of the developed model is due to the fact that the volterra equations are used to describe the dynamics of quantities that do not go beyond the range of positive values. The investigated process and the model parameter in the work are scalar in nature. As a result of modeling, the authors predicted the spread of coronavirus in a number of countries in Europe and Asia
COVID-19 Spread Model in Hubei Province
Authors: Go A A , Kolesin D I , Malafeyev O A , Mitrofanov E V , Kolesov D N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article provides prognosis of COVID-19 spread in Chinese province Hubei from January 22 2020 using SIR model. To compare the results with real data, we use statistics obtained by Johns Hopkins University.
A Concept of Hydraulic Power Transmission for Heavy Self-Propelled Mining Vehicles
Authors: Trushin N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The study considers a concept of hydraulic power transmission with a multi-stage hydraulic torque converter. The design objective is expanding the operational envelope of a self-propelled vehicle, increasing the power train efficiency in the entire engine torque transformation range. Two hydraulic torque converter (HTC) designs are proposed. The HTC uses uncoupled turbines (centrifugal, axial, centripetal) in a series arrangement. Each turbine operates in its optimal range of the HTC ratios. Each turbine is connected to the output shaft with individually controlled couplings. To optimize the hydraulic torque converter performance, a dedicated stator for each turbine is proposed. It is activated/deactivated concurrently with the respective turbine. The proposed hydraulic power transmission is designed for heavy self-propelled vehicles operated in mining and construction. The design can also be used in railway engine power trains to replace the complicated multistage hydraulic transmissions consisting of two or three conventional hydraulic torque converters. The hydraulic power transmission kinematics and principle of operation are protected by the Russian patent No. 2716378. The study is supported by Tula State University as research project No. 2019-22.
Microbial Profile of Kurunga and Koumiss (Review Paper)
Authors: Zandanova T N , Ivanova K V , Losorova Yu E , Myryanova T P 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The review outlines the achievements in the field of research and identification of the kurunga and koumiss microflora. These are mixed fermentation sour milk products with similar healing properties. The paper represents information on the structure of spontaneously formed natural communities of the drink microflora and the probiotic properties of the cultures isolated. It has been found that the cultures isolated are bile- and acid-tolerant, exhibit high exopolysaccharide synthesizing activity, as well as cholesterol-degrading and antibiotic activity. The koumiss’ ability to inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme is shown.