bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D might be negatively associated with hyperuricemia in U.S. adults: an analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2014
Authors: Han Y. , Han K. , Zhang Y. , Zeng X. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The results of previous studies on the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and hyperuricemia are controversial. We hypothesized that serum 25(OH)D concentrations of U.S. adults would negatively correlate with the risk of hyperuricemia.

Method
Data came from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2014 were used, after excluding those who met at least one of the exclusion criteria, a total of 9096 male individuals and 9500 female individuals aged 18 years or older were included. Binary logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline with fully adjusted confounding factors were applied to evaluate the association between serum 25(OH)D and hyperuricemia. We further performed stratified analysis and sensitivity analysis to minimize the influence of gender, metabolic syndrome, obesity and renal dysfunction on the above association.

Results
We found a negative correlation between serum 25(OH)D and hyperuricemia. In the binary logistic regression analysis, compared with the highest serum 25(OH)D quartile [Q4: 25(OH)D > 77.10 nmol/L] group, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) in the lowest quartile [Q1: 25(OH)D ≤ 43.20 nmol/L] was 1.46 (1.22–1.75) in the fully adjusted model. Restricted cubic spline analysis showed L-shaped and non-linear relationships between 25(OH)D and hyperuricemia. In sensitivity analysis, after restricting to participants without significant renal dysfunction and obesity, the above association remained significant. After restricting to participants who were diagnosed as metabolic syndrome, above association remained significant in the fully adjusted model. In stratified analysis by gender, the association remained significant among males and females.

Conclusions
Serum 25(OH)D might be inversely associated with hyperuricemia in general U.S. adults. From our study, for people with unexplained hyperuricemia, screening for serum Vitamin D concentration might be necessary.
Do 3D Face Images Capture Cues of Strength, Weight, and Height Better than 2D Face Images do?
Authors: Holzleitner Iris J , Jones Alex L , O’Shea Kieran J , Cassar Rachel , Fasolt Vanessa , Shiramizu Victor , Jones Benedict C , DeBruine Lisa M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objectives
A large literature exists investigating the extent to which physical characteristics (e.g., strength, weight, and height) can be accurately assessed from face images. While most of these studies have employed two-dimensional (2D) face images as stimuli, some recent studies have used three-dimensional (3D) face images because they may contain cues not visible in 2D face images. As equipment required for 3D face images is considerably more expensive than that required for 2D face images, we here investigated how perceptual ratings of physical characteristics from 2D and 3D face images compare.

Methods
We tested whether 3D face images capture cues of strength, weight, and height better than 2D face images do by directly comparing the accuracy of strength, weight, and height ratings of 182 2D and 3D face images taken simultaneously. Strength, height and weight were rated by 66, 59 and 52 raters respectively, who viewed both 2D and 3D images.

Results
In line with previous studies, we found that weight and height can be judged somewhat accurately from faces; contrary to previous research, we found that people were relatively inaccurate at assessing strength. We found no evidence that physical characteristics could be judged more accurately from 3D than 2D images.

Conclusion
Our results suggest physical characteristics are perceived with similar accuracy from 2D and 3D face images. They also suggest that the substantial costs associated with collecting 3D face scans may not be justified for research on the accuracy of facial judgments of physical characteristics.
The application of deep learning algorithms to classify subsurface drilling lost circulation severity in large oil field datasets
Authors: Mardanirad Sajjad , Wood David A. , Zakeri Hassan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we present how precise deep learning algorithms can distinguish loss circulation severities in oil drilling operations. Lost circulation is one of the costliest downhole problem encountered during oil and gas well construction. Applying artificial intelligence can help drilling teams to be forewarned of pending lost circulation events and thereby mitigate their consequences. Data-driven methods are traditionally employed for fluid loss complexity quantification but are not able to achieve reliable predictions for field cases with large quantities of data. This paper attempts to investigate the performance of deep learning (DL) approach in classification the types of fluid loss from a very large field dataset. Three DL classification models are evaluated: Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) and Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM). Five fluid-loss classes are considered: No Loss, Seepage, Partial, Severe, and Complete Loss. 20 wells drilled into the giant Azadegan oil field (Iran) provide 65,376 data records are used to predict the fluid loss classes. The results obtained, based on multiple statistical performance measures, identify the CNN model as achieving superior performance (98% accuracy) compared to the LSTM and GRU models (94% accuracy). Confusion matrices provide further insight to the prediction accuracies achieved. The three DL models evaluated were all able to classify different types of lost circulation events with reasonable prediction accuracy. Future work is required to evaluate the performance of the DL approach proposed with additional large datasets. The proposed method helps drilling teams deal with lost circulation events efficiently.

Article Highlights

Three deep learning models classify fluid loss severity in an oil field carbonate reservoir.

Deep learning algorithms advance machine learning a large resource dataset with 65,376 data records.

Convolution neural network outperformed other deep learning methods.
Notating Deconstruction: What Can Ethnomusicological Transcription Learn from the Notational Practices of Contemporary Composers?
Authors: WARREN MATTHEW 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDrawing on Jacques Derrida’s (1981) approach to deconstructing Platonic dichotomies, this article argues that any notational system is inherently structuring and should be subjected to deconstructive efforts. Further, my contention is that this deconstruction can be realized in how notation itself is used, in what I refer to as ‘deconstructive notation’. This article looks at how notation has been used by composers to deconstruct the categories of Western staff notation, opening up the ways in which music is studied as an invitation to all those engaged in notating music to make room in their work for deconstructive notational play.
Measurements of the Diversity of Shape and Mixing State for Ambient Black Carbon Particles
Authors: Hu Kang , Liu Dantong , Tian Ping , Wu Yangzhou , Deng Zhaoze , Wu Yunfei , Zhao Delong , Li Ruijie , Sheng Jiujiang , Huang Mengyu , Ding Deping , Li Weijun , Wang Yuanyuan , Wu Yu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe complex particle morphology of black carbon (BC) induces considerable uncertainties in constraining its optical properties. In particular, the diversity of how the BC core and coating are combined is yet to be resolved due to the lack of direct ambient quantification. In this study, by concurrent measurements of the electrical mobility diameter (Dm) and optical volume‐equivalent diameter (Dve), the dynamic shape factor (χ = Dm/Dve) of ambient BC‐containing particles at different mixing states was quantified for the first time. BC in urban Beijing showed a widely distributed χ of 1.4 ± 0.43. Particles with larger refractory BC (rBC) cores showed higher non‐sphericity and higher χ. A ten‐fold increase in the volume ratio of the coating over rBC (VR) could decrease the fraction of fractal BC by 36%. This study proposed a χ‐VR space to describe the particle shape, which is able to include all ambient quantified BC morphologies in optical model.
Repeating Infrasound From an Earthquake Doublet in Alaska
Authors: Yang Minghan , Wang Tao , Shi Jing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEarthquake infrasound contains information concerning the underground media and the earthquake source. We identify three types of repeating infrasound: local, secondary, and epicentral infrasound from two successive Mw6.2 earthquakes (separated by <2 h and <10 km) in Alaska. The path effects are the same for the two sets of repeating infrasound, letting us focus on the coupling mechanism. We calculate the relative power spectral density change between the two events using acoustic and seismic records from array I53 and individual USArray stations. In the 0.9–2.1 Hz band, we find that seismic energy is converted efficiently into acoustic energy. In addition, we identify similar spatial distributions of the seismic and diffracted infrasonic energies, which indicate the influence of different earthquake focal mechanisms on the infrasound observations. This study sheds light on the generation mechanism of earthquake infrasound and demonstrates the potential for monitoring infrasound to constrain earthquake source properties.
Distinct patterns of within-host virus populations between two subgroups of human respiratory syncytial virus
Authors: Lin Gu-Lung , Drysdale Simon B. , Snape Matthew D. , O’Connor Daniel , Brown Anthony , MacIntyre-Cockett George , Mellado-Gomez Esther , de Cesare Mariateresa , Bonsall David , Ansari M. Azim , Öner Deniz , Aerssens Jeroen , Butler Christopher , Bont Louis , Openshaw Peter , Martinón-Torres Federico , Nair Harish , Bowden Rory ,   RESCEU Investigators, Campbell Harry , Cunningham Steve , Bogaert Debby , Beutels Philippe , Wildenbeest Joanne , Clutterbuck Elizabeth , McGinley Joseph , Thwaites Ryan , Wiseman Dexter , Gómez-Carballa Alberto , Rodriguez-Tenreiro Carmen , Rivero-Calle Irene , Dacosta-Urbieta Ana , Heikkinen Terho , Meijer Adam , Fischer Thea Kølsen , van den Berge Maarten , Giaquinto Carlo , Abram Michael , Dormitzer Philip , Stoszek Sonia , Gallichan Scott , Rosen Brian , Molero Eva , Machin Nuria , Spadetto Martina , Golubchik Tanya , Pollard Andrew J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHuman respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infection in young children globally, but little is known about within-host RSV diversity. Here, we characterised within-host RSV populations using deep-sequencing data from 319 nasopharyngeal swabs collected during 2017–2020. RSV-B had lower consensus diversity than RSV-A at the population level, while exhibiting greater within-host diversity. Two RSV-B consensus sequences had an amino acid alteration (K68N) in the fusion (F) protein, which has been associated with reduced susceptibility to nirsevimab (MEDI8897), a novel RSV monoclonal antibody under development. In addition, several minor variants were identified in the antigenic sites of the F protein, one of which may confer resistance to palivizumab, the only licensed RSV monoclonal antibody. The differences in within-host virus populations emphasise the importance of monitoring for vaccine efficacy and may help to explain the different prevalences of monoclonal antibody-escape mutants between the two subgroups.
Counteracting dephasing in Molecular Nanomagnets by optimized qudit encodings
Authors: Petiziol F. , Chiesa A. , Wimberger S. , Santini P. , Carretta S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMolecular Nanomagnets may enable the implementation of qudit-based quantum error-correction codes which exploit the many spin levels naturally embedded in a single molecule, a promising step towards scalable quantum processors. To fully realize the potential of this approach, a microscopic understanding of the errors corrupting the quantum information encoded in a molecular qudit is essential, together with the development of tailor-made quantum error correction strategies. We address these central points by first studying dephasing effects on the molecular spin qudit produced by the interaction with surrounding nuclear spins, which are the dominant source of errors at low temperatures. Numerical quantum error correction codes are then constructed, by means of a systematic optimization procedure based on simulations of the coupled system-bath dynamics, that provide a striking enhancement of the coherence time of the molecular computational unit. The sequence of pulses needed for the experimental implementation of the codes is finally proposed.
Optical coherence tomographic angiography study of perfusion recovery after surgical lowering of intraocular pressure
Authors: Liu Liang , Takusagawa Hana L. , Greenwald Miles F. , Wang Jie , Alonzo Brock , Edmunds Beth , Morrison John C. , Tan Ou , Jia Yali , Huang David 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe investigated the time and location of retinal perfusion recovery after surgical intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering in glaucoma by using optical coherent tomography angiography (OCTA). Seventeen patients were analyzed. The 4.5 × 4.5-mm OCTA scans centered on the disc were performed preoperatively and postoperatively at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months. The peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (NFL) thickness, NFL plexus capillary density (NFLP-CD) and visual field (VF) were measured overall and in 8 corresponding sectors. The low-perfusion area (LPA) was used to assess the cumulative area where local NFLP-CD was significantly below normal. At 6 months, the average IOP decreased 5.3 mmHg (P = 0.004), LPA decreased by 15% (P = 0.005), and NFLP-CD improved by 12% (P < 0.001). The NFL thickness and VF mean deviation didn’t change significantly at any time point. Among the sectors with significant preoperative NFLP-CD loss, the recovery at 6 months was greatest in sectors with minimal preoperative NFL thinning (P < 0.001). In conclusion, surgical IOP lowering may improve NFLP capillary perfusion after 6 months. The perfusion recovery tended to occur in areas with minimal NFL thinning at baseline. OCTA parameters may have potential usefulness as pharmacodynamic biomarkers for glaucoma therapy.
Pressure-induced reconstitution of Fermi surfaces and spin fluctuations in S-substituted FeSe
Authors: Kuwayama T. , Matsuura K. , Gouchi J. , Yamakawa Y. , Mizukami Y. , Kasahara S. , Matsuda Y. , Shibauchi T. , Kontani H. , Uwatoko Y. , Fujiwara N. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFeSe is a unique high-$$T_c$$

T
c

iron-based superconductor in which nematicity, superconductivity, and magnetism are entangled with each other in the P-T phase diagram. We performed $$^{77}$$

77

Se-nuclear magnetic resonance measurements under pressures of up to 3.9 GPa on 12% S-substituted FeSe, in which the complex overlap between the nematicity and magnetism are resolved. A pressure-induced Lifshitz transition was observed at 1.0 GPa as an anomaly of the density of states and as double superconducting (SC) domes accompanied by different types of antiferromagnetic (AF) fluctuations. The low-$$T_{\mathrm{c}}$$

T
c

SC dome below 1 GPa is accompanied by strong AF fluctuations, whereas the high-$$T_{\mathrm{c}}$$

T
c

SC dome develops above 1 GPa, where AF fluctuations are fairly weak. These results suggest the importance of the $$d_{xy}$$

d

xy

orbital and its intra-orbital coupling for the high-$$T_{\mathrm{c}}$$

T
c

superconductivity.
Genomic skimming and nanopore sequencing uncover cryptic hybridization in one of world’s most threatened primates
Authors: Malukiewicz Joanna , Cartwright Reed A. , Dergam Jorge A. , Igayara Claudia S. , Nicola Patricia A. , Pereira Luiz M. C. , Ruiz-Miranda Carlos R. , Stone Anne C. , Silva Daniel L. , Silva Fernanda de Fatima Rodrigues da , Varsani Arvind , Walter Lutz , Wilson Melissa A. , Zinner Dietmar , Roos Christian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Brazilian buffy-tufted-ear marmoset (Callithrix aurita), one of the world’s most endangered primates, is threatened by anthropogenic hybridization with exotic, invasive marmoset species. As there are few genetic data available forC. aurita, we developed a PCR-free protocol with minimal technical requirements to rapidly generate genomic data with genomic skimming and portable nanopore sequencing. With this direct DNA sequencing approach, we successfully determined the complete mitogenome of a marmoset that we initially identified asC. aurita. The obtained nanopore-assembled sequence was highly concordant with a Sanger sequenced version of the same mitogenome. Phylogenetic analyses unexpectedly revealed that our specimen was a cryptic hybrid, with aC. auritaphenotype andC. penicillatamitogenome lineage. We also used publicly available mitogenome data to determine diversity estimates forC. auritaand three other marmoset species. Mitogenomics holds great potential to address deficiencies in genomic data for endangered, non-model species such asC. aurita. However, we discuss why mitogenomic approaches should be used in conjunction with other data for marmoset species identification. Finally, we discuss the utility and implications of our results and genomic skimming/nanopore approach for conservation and evolutionary studies ofC. auritaand other marmosets.
Effect of pH on the denitrification proteome of the soil bacterium Paracoccus denitrificans PD1222
Authors: Olaya-Abril Alfonso , Hidalgo-Carrillo Jesús , Luque-Almagro Víctor M. , Fuentes-Almagro Carlos , Urbano Francisco J. , Moreno-Vivián Conrado , Richardson David J. , Roldán María Dolores 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDenitrification is a respiratory process by which nitrate is reduced to dinitrogen. Incomplete denitrification results in the emission of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide and this is potentiated in acidic soils, which display reduced denitrification rates and high N2O/N2 ratios compared to alkaline soils. In this work, impact of pH on the proteome of the soil denitrifying bacterium Paracoccus denitrificans PD1222 was analysed with nitrate as sole energy and nitrogen source under anaerobic conditions at pH ranging from 6.5 to 7.5. Quantitative proteomic analysis revealed that the highest difference in protein representation was observed when the proteome at pH 6.5 was compared to the reference proteome at pH 7.2. However, this difference in the extracellular pH was not enough to produce modification of intracellular pH, which was maintained at 6.5 ± 0.1. The biosynthetic pathways of several cofactors relevant for denitrification and nitrogen assimilation like cobalamin, riboflavin, molybdopterin and nicotinamide were negatively affected at pH 6.5. In addition, peptide representation of reductases involved in nitrate assimilation and denitrification were reduced at pH 6.5. Data highlight the strong negative impact of pH on NosZ synthesis and intracellular copper content, thus impairing active NosZ assembly and, in turn, leading to elevated nitrous oxide emissions.
The integration of training and off-training activities substantially alters training volume and load analysis in elite rowers
Authors: Treff Gunnar , Leppich Robert , Winkert Kay , Steinacker Jürgen M. , Mayer Benjamin , Sperlich Billy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTraining studies in elite athletes traditionally focus on the relationship between scheduled training (TRAIN) and performance. Here, we added activities outside of scheduled training i.e., off-training (OFF) contributing to total training (TOTAL) to evaluate the contribution of OFF on performance. Eight elite rowers recorded OFF and TRAIN during waking hours for one season (30–45 weeks) with multisensory smartwatches. Changes in performance were assessed via rowing ergometer testing and maximum oxygen uptake ($${\dot{\text{V}}}$$

V
˙

O2max). Based on 1-Hz-sampling of heart rate data during TRAIN and OFF (> 60% maximum heart rate (HRmax), the volume, session count, intensity, training impulse (TRIMP), and training intensity distribution were calculated. OFF altered volume, TRIMP, and session count by 19 ± 13%, 13 ± 9%, and 41 ± 67% (p < 0.001). On an individual level, training intensity distribution changed in 3% of the valid weeks. Athletes exercised 31% of their weekly volume below 60% HRmax. Low to moderate intensities dominated during OFF with 87% (95% CI [79, 95]); however, in some weeks high-intensity activities > 89% HRmax during OFF amounted to 21 min·week−1 (95% CI [4, 45]). No effect of OFF on changes of performance surrogates was found (0.072 > p > 0.604). The integration of OFF substantially altered volume, TRIMP, and session count. However, no effect on performance was found.
Pupillary response reflects attentional modulation to sound after emotional arousal
Authors: Nakakoga Satoshi , Shimizu Kengo , Muramatsu Junya , Kitagawa Takashi , Nakauchi Shigeki , Minami Tetsuto 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere have been various studies on the effects of emotional visual processing on subsequent non-emotional auditory stimuli. A previous study with EEG has shown that responses to deviant sounds presented after presenting negative pictures collected more attentional resources than those for neutral pictures. To investigate such a compelling between emotional and cognitive processing, this study aimed to examined pupillary responses to an auditory stimulus after a positive, negative, or neutral emotional state was elicited by an emotional image. An emotional image was followed by a beep sound that was either repetitive or unexpected, and the pupillary dilation was measured. As a result, we found that the early component of the pupillary response to the beep sound was larger for negative and positive emotional states than the neutral emotional state, whereas the late component was larger for the positive emotional state than the negative and neutral emotional states. In addition, the peak latency of the pupillary response was earlier for negative than neutral or positive images. Further, to compensate for the disadvantage of low-temporal resolution of the pupillary data, the pupillary responses were deconvoluted and used in the analysis. The deconvolution analysis of pupillary responses confirmed that the responses to beep sound were more likely to be modulated by the emotional state rather than being influenced by the short presentation interval between the images and sounds. These findings suggested that pupil size index modulations in the compelling situation between emotional and cognitive processing.