bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A risk factor analysis of complications after surgery for vulvar cancer
Authors: Gitas Georgios , Proppe L. , Baum S. , Kruggel M. , Rody A. , Tsolakidis D. , Zouzoulas D. , Laganà A. S. , Guenther V. , Freytag D. , Alkatout I. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Despite the less frequent use of surgery in patients with vulvar cancer, the high rates of postoperative complications are still a matter of concern. The aim of the present study was to identify risk factors that influence postoperative complications rates in vulvar cancer and identify specific clinical parameters that may influence their incidence.

Materials
Patients who underwent curative-intent surgery for squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva from 2003 to 2018 were selected. All patient characteristics were analyzed as risk factors for the development of postoperative lymphocele, lymphedema, and wound dehiscence. The patients were followed up for 2 years postoperatively.

Results
The investigation comprised 121 patients, of whom 18.1% developed wound dehiscence, 17.7% a lymphocele, and 20.4% lymphedema. We found no significant evidence of an association between patient’s characteristics and postoperative complications. The depth of tumor invasion and the appearance of lymph-node metastasis were significantly associated with postoperative complications. Free resection margins of 5 mm or more were associated with a reduced risk of postoperative complications compared to resection margins less than 5 mm. No complications were encountered after sentinel node biopsy (SNB). Complication rates were associated with inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy, but not with the extent of lymphadenectomy. The development of a lymphocele or wound dehiscence may be correlated with the development of long-term lymphedema.

Conclusion
FIGO stage at diagnosis influences the risk of postoperative complications. The use of SNB minimized postoperative complications. Correlations between the free microscopic resection margin distance and the risk of postoperative wound dehiscence must be investigated further.
Higher midlife CAIDE score is associated with increased brain atrophy in a cohort of cognitively healthy middle-aged individuals
Authors: Liu Xulin , Dounavi Maria-Eleni , Ritchie Karen , Wells Katie , Ritchie Craig W. , Su Li , Muniz-Terrera Graciela , O’Brien John T. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Structural brain changes associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) can occur decades before the onset of symptoms. The Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Dementia (CAIDE) score has been suggested to be associated with accelerated brain atrophy in middle-aged subjects but the regional specificity of atrophic areas remains to be elucidated.

Methods
3T T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans of 160 cognitively healthy middle-aged participants (mean age = 52) in the PREVENT-Dementia cohort, from baseline and from follow-up after 2 years, were examined. Images were preprocessed using Computational Anatomy Toolbox 12. Voxel-based morphometry was performed in FSL 6.0.1 to identify areas of grey matter (GM) volume differences both cross-sectionally and longitudinally between subjects with high and low baseline CAIDE score (CAIDE score was dichotomized at cohort-median). A GM percentage of change map was created for each subject for evaluation of atrophy over 2 years. Analyses were adjusted for age, gender, education and total intracranial volume.

Results
Compared to subjects with CAIDE score ≤ 6 (low risk), subjects with CAIDE score > 6 (high risk) showed lower GM volume in the temporal, occipital, and fusiform cortex and lingual gyrus at baseline, and greater percentage of GM loss over 2 years in the supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus, precuneus, lateral occipital cortex, superior parietal lobule and cingulate gyrus (corrected P < 0.05).

Conclusion
This study demonstrated accelerated GM atrophy concentrated in several AD signature cortical regions in healthy middle-aged subjects with high CAIDE scores.
Meta-analysis of primary open versus closed cannulation strategy for totally implantable venous access port implantation
Authors: Klaiber Ulla , Probst Pascal , Hackbusch Matthes , Jensen Katrin , Dörr-Harim Colette , Hüttner Felix J. , Hackert Thilo , Diener Markus K. , Büchler Markus W. , Knebel Phillip 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
There is still no reference standard for the implantation of totally implantable venous access ports (TIVAPs). A recently published multicentre randomised controlled trial (RCT) revealed a significantly greater risk of pneumothorax after closed cannulation than after an open strategy. The aim of this meta-analysis was to provide an update of the available evidence for the safety and effectiveness of primary open versus closed cannulation strategy.

Methods
RCTs comparing outcomes of open cut-down of the cephalic vein and closed cannulation of the subclavian vein were sought systematically in MEDLINE, Web of Science and CENTRAL. The primary outcome was the occurrence of pneumothorax. A beta-binominal model was applied to combine the respective outcomes, and results are presented as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results
Six RCTs with a total of 1831 patients were included in final analysis. Meta-analysis showed statistically significant superiority of the open cut-down technique regarding pneumothorax (OR 0.308, 95% CI 0.122 to 0.776), but a statistically significant higher failure of the primary technique for the open cut-down technique than for closed cannulation (OR 2.364, 95% CI 1.051 to 5.315). There were no significant differences between the two procedures regarding other morbidity endpoints.

Conclusion
This meta-analysis shows a general superiority of open cut-down of the cephalic vein over closed cannulation of the subclavian vein regarding the occurrence of pneumothorax. Open cut-down should be the first-line approach for TIVAP implantation. Closed cannulation should be performed with ultrasound as second-line procedure if the open technique fails.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42013005180
Role of dopamine and gray matter density in aging effects and individual differences of functional connectomes
Authors: Garzón Benjamín , Lövdén Martin , de Boer Lieke , Axelsson Jan , Riklund Katrine , Bäckman Lars , Nyberg Lars , Guitart-Masip Marc 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWith increasing age, functional connectomes become dissimilar across normal individuals, reflecting heterogenous aging effects on functional connectivity (FC). We investigated the distribution of these effects across the connectome and their relationship with age-related differences in dopamine (DA) D1 receptor availability and gray matter density (GMD). With this aim, we determined aging effects on mean and interindividual variance of FC using fMRI in 30 younger and 30 older healthy subjects and mapped the contribution of each connection to the patterns of age-related similarity loss. Aging effects on mean FC accounted mainly for the dissimilarity between connectomes of younger and older adults, and were related, across brain regions, to aging effects on DA D1 receptor availability. Aging effects on the variance of FC indicated a global increase in variance with advancing age, explained connectome dissimilarity among older subjects and were related to aging effects on variance of GMD. The relationship between aging and the similarity of connectomes can thus be partly explained by age differences in DA modulation and gray matter structure.
Any progress in informed consenting for cancer treatment? Results from a cross sectional analysis at a comprehensive cancer center
Authors: Schwaegermann Marie-Kristin , Schranz Melanie , Moehler Markus , Labenz Christian , Moringlane Alice , Schmidt Marcus , Theobald Matthias , Hess Georg 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Informed consent is required prior to any medical procedure. In the context of cancer treatment, special efforts are needed to inform cancer patients properly about treatment, potential sequelae and alternative therapies. Little is known about the effectiveness of current informed consent strategies and patients’ individual satisfaction. Given the heterogeneity in terms of age, education, sex and other factors, detailed understanding of patients’ comprehension and perception is the basis for further optimization of the informed consent process, which was the aim of the current investigation.

Methods
Patients with a new cancer diagnosis and recent informed consent were asked to complete a questionnaire about satisfaction, comprehension, time management, physician–patient relationship and other items of the informed consent process. Patients were followed for 6 months and invited to complete a follow-up questionnaire.

Results
In total, 89 patients completed the first questionnaire and 52 the follow-up questionnaire. Subjective understanding was assumed high, however, this did not correlate with objective understanding. Age and education were identified as influencing factors for comprehension. 85% of the patients were satisfied with the information provided. A major gap was the information on alternative therapies. Moreover, not all patients perceived the consent dialog as such, and particularly the individual treatment intention partially remained unclear for some patients.

Conclusions
To ensure that informed consent is based on solid understanding, informed consenting must be patient-centered and consider the individual expectations, needs and abilities of cancer patients. Further studies are required to develop tailored informed consent strategies.
Drug-induced anaphylaxis during general anesthesia in 14 tertiary hospitals in Japan: a retrospective, multicenter, observational study
Authors: Horiuchi Tatsuo , Takazawa Tomonori , Orihara Masaki , Sakamoto Shinya , Nagumo Kazuhiro , Saito Shigeru 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSince perioperative anaphylaxis occurs suddenly, and it can be life-threatening, anesthesiologists need to have sufficient knowledge of the epidemiology of perioperative anaphylaxis and appropriate coping strategies to deal with it. Recent studies conducted in Western countries reported the characteristics of perioperative anaphylaxis in each country. However, there are few studies of perioperative anaphylaxis in Japan. To bridge the gap between Japan and other countries, the data of 46 anaphylaxis patients at Gunma University Hospital and 13 neighboring hospitals between 2012 and 2018 were collected and analyzed. The recently developed clinical scoring system was combined with a skin test to include only cases with a definite diagnosis. The most common causative agents were sugammadex, followed by rocuronium, cefazolin, and antibiotics other than cefazolin. Furthermore, the characteristics of anaphylaxis for each causative drug were identified. Time from drug administration to appearance of the first symptom was the longest in the cefazolin group. The incidence of canceled operation was the highest in the rocuronium group. Although it is unclear whether the results of this study can apply to Japan as a whole, the information about the agents responsible for perioperative anaphylaxis and the characteristics of anaphylaxis due to each agent would be helpful to anesthesiologists.
A comparison of laparoscopic procedures performed by novice medical students using 8K ultra-high-definition/two-dimensional and 2K high-definition/three-dimensional monitors
Authors: Shonaka Tatsuya , Tani Chikayoshi , Iwata Hiroyoshi , Otani Masahide , Hasegawa Kimiharu , Matsuno Naoto , Furukawa Hiroyuki , Yoshida Akitoshi , Sumi Yasuo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
8K Ultra-high-definition (UHD) imaging has been developed in accordance with the progression of imaging technologies. We evaluated laparoscopic procedures performed by novice medical students using 2K/two-dimensional (2D), 2K/three-dimensional (3D) and 8K/2D monitors, with a particular focus on depth perception.

Methods
Nine medical students were enrolled. They performed two tasks using 2K/2D, 2K/3D and 8K/2D monitors. In Task 1, they were asked to grasp three metal rods with forceps using each hand. In Task 2, they were asked to grasp a metal rod with forceps held in the right hand, pass the metal rod through a metal ring and transfer it to their left hand.

Results
In Task 1, when performed with the dominant hand, the procedures performed using 2K/3D took a significantly shorter time than those performed using 8K/2D (P = 0.04). However, there was no significant difference among the three groups in the time required for procedures performed by the non-dominant hand. In Task 2, the procedure time with 2K/2D was significantly longer than that with 2K/3D or 8K/2D (P = 0.02).

Conclusion
2K/3D showed superior utility to 8K/2D for performing forceps procedures using the dominant hand. However, when the movement of both hands was coordinated (“bi-hand coordination”), the laparoscopic procedures were performed almost as deftly with 8K/2D and 2K/3D.
A modified dental age assessment method for 5- to 16-year-old eastern Chinese children
Authors: Pan Jing , Shen Checheng , Yang Zhao , Fan Linfeng , Wang Miaochen , Shen Shihui , Tao Jiang , Ji Fang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Age estimation is widely applied in the field of orthodontics, pediatric dentistry, and forensic science. Dental age estimation by the radiological method is frequently used because of its convenience and noninvasiveness. However, there are not enough suitable methods for eastern Chinese children. This study aimed to establish a modified formula for eastern Chinese children according to the Demirjian method and then compared the accuracy of the modified method with the Demirjian method and Willems method.

Materials and methods
A total of 2367 dental panoramic radiographs from individuals aged 5–16 years of eastern China were collected as samples. Age estimation was conducted using the Demirjian and Willems methods. The polynomial curve fitting method was used to modify the Demirjian method to improve its application to the eastern Chinese children. The paired t test and accuracy ratio were used to compare the applicability of the modified methods with two commonly used methods.

Results
The mean chronological age (CA) of the subjects was 11.20 ± 3.29 years for boys and 10.99 ± 3.12 years for girls. The mean difference values between the CA and dental age (DA) (CA–DA) using the Demirjian and Willems methods were 0.73 and 0.7 for boys, respectively, and both 0.79 for girls. The modified method using the polynomial curve fitting presented a smaller underestimation compared with CA for both boys (0.04 years) and girls (0.09 years), which showed a high suitability to Chinese children to some extent.

Conclusions
The Willems method was more accurate in estimating DA compared with the Demirjian method. However, the modified method was more accurate than the two methods; therefore, it can be used in eastern Chinese children.

Clinical relevance
It was thought to be a non-invasive, convenient, and efficient method to connect DA and CA. By estimating dental age, pediatrist, and orthodontists can better understand the development of permanent teeth and provide a more accurate orthodontic treatment time and treatment plan to children patients.
Early evidence for emotional play contagion in juvenile ravens
Authors: Wenig Katharina , Boucherie Palmyre H. , Bugnyar Thomas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPerceiving, evaluating and reacting towards conspecifics’ emotional states are important challenges of social group living. Emotional contagion describes an alignment of emotional states between individuals and is widely believed to be based on behavioral synchronization, i.e., behavioral contagion. As basic empathy-like processes, the occurrence of both forms of contagion seems to underlie early ontogenetic trajectories in humans and non-human species. In the present study, we assessed play as a context for studying the development of emotional contagion and its interlink with behavioral contagion in ten juvenile common ravens. Ravens are exceptional players that engage in all three forms of play: object, locomotion and social play. To assess potential ontogenetic patterns of both behavioral and emotional contagion, we tested juvenile ravens at two different periods of early development, at three- and six-month post-hatching. We elicited object play in one or several ravens (demonstrators) in a standardized experimental environment, using a playground setup. At both test ages, we found evidence for emotional contagion as observer ravens showed an increase of locomotion and social play after we provided the demonstrator(s) with the playground setup, but no significant changes in the amount of object play. Hence, observers did not copy motor patterns from demonstrator(s) but engaged in other forms of play. Our findings speak for a transfer of a general mood state in the context of play in ravens as young as 3 months and against behavioral mimicry as a precondition for emotional contagion.
Pulsed field gradient NMR diffusion measurement in nanoporous materials
Authors: Kärger Jörg , Avramovska Marija , Freude Dieter , Haase Jürgen , Hwang Seungtaik , Valiullin Rustem 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLabeling in diffusion measurements by pulsed field gradient (PFG) NMR is based on the observation of the phase of nuclear spins acquired in a constant magnetic field with purposefully superimposed field gradients. This labeling does in no way affect microdynamics and provides information about the probability distribution of molecular displacements as a function of time. An introduction of the measuring principle is followed by a detailed description of the ranges of measurements and their limitation. Particular emphasis is given to an explanation of possible pitfalls in the measurements and the ways to circumvent them. Showcases presented for illustrating the wealth of information provided by PFG NMR include a survey on the various patterns of concentration dependence of intra-particle diffusion and examples of transport inhibition by additional transport resistances within the nanoporous particles and on their external surface. The latter information is attained by combination with the outcome of tracer exchange experiments, which are shown to become possible via a special formalism of PFG NMR data analysis. Further evidence provided by PFG NMR concerns diffusion enhancement in pore hierarchies, diffusion anisotropy and the impact of diffusion on chemical conversion in porous catalysts. A compilation of the specifics of PFG NMR and of the parallels with other measurement techniques concludes the paper.
Representing variation in a spoken corpus of an endangered dialect: the case of Torlak
Authors: Vuković Teodora 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe paper presents a spoken corpus of the endangered Torlak dialect from the Timok area of Southeast Serbia. This dialect expresses a great deal of variation in the use of non-standard features under the influence of standard Serbian (SSr). Accounting for this variation, a specific methodology has been selected for collection, sampling, transcription and annotation. Between 2015 and 2017, semi-structured interviews were conducted in the field eliciting spontaneous speech in the form of long narratives about traditional culture and history. The corpus comprises 500,697 tokens of semi-orthographic transcripts representing 80 h of recording from locations evenly distributed across the Timok area of the Torlak dialect zone, thus enabling a spatial contrastive analysis. The majority of speakers in the corpus are older people whose language represents the highly non-standard variety. In order to allow for analysis of language change under the influence of SSr, the corpus includes a number of younger people whose speech is closer to SSr. Tools for automatic PoS annotation and lemmatization that were lacking were developed based on the existing resources for SSr. For tagger training, a dialect sample of 27,000 manually verified tokens was merged with an existing training set for SSr.
Ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation—real-life results from a middle-volume electrophysiology laboratory
Authors: Kulakowski Piotr , Sikorska Agnieszka , Piotrowski Roman , Kryński Tomasz , Baran Jakub 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction
A significant improvement in safety and efficacy of ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) has been reported by experienced centers over recent years; however, data from real-life surveys and smaller electrophysiology (EP) laboratories have been less optimistic.

Aim
To asses efficacy of ablation for PAF in a middle-volume EP center over last years.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of 1 year efficacy and safety of ablation for PAF in three cohorts of patients treated between 2011 and 2014 (period I), 2015–2017 (period II), and 2018–2019 (period III).

Results
Of 234 patients (mean age 57 ± 9 years, 165 males), 81 (35%) were treated in period I, 84 (36%) in period II, and 69 (29%) in period III. The overall efficacy of ablation during all analyzed periods was 67%. The overall efficacy of ablation increased over time—from 56% in period I to 68% in period II and 81% in period III. Significant improvement was achieved using radiofrequency ablation (RF) (53% in period I vs 82% in period III, and 55% in period II vs 82% in period III, p = 0.003 and 0.0012, respectively) whereas positive trend in the improvement of cryoballoon efficacy was NS. The rate of peri-procedural complications was 9% and it did not change significantly over time.

Conclusions
This real-life observational study from a medium volume EP center shows that progress in PAF ablation, especially RF, reported by highly-skilled centers, can be reproduced in real life by less experienced operators.
Problem Behavior and Life Satisfaction in Early Adolescence: Longitudinal Findings in a Chinese Context
Authors: Zhu Xiaoqin , Shek Daniel T. L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study tested the reciprocal relationships between problem behavior (PB) and life satisfaction (LS) as well as the relationships between their trajectories of change. Using a three-wave dataset collected from 3,328 Chinese junior secondary school students in Hong Kong, this study identified bidirectional associations between PB and LS. For PB, while externalizing behavior was indexed by ″delinquent behavior″ and ″problem behavioral intention″, internalizing behavior was indexed by ″deliberate self-harm″ and ″suicidal behavior″. As expected, both types of PB negatively predicted future LS. Besides, changes in PB also negatively predicted changes in LS. While the predictions of externalizing behavior on LS were similar among boys and girls and declined over time, the prediction of internalizing behavior appeared to be stronger and more persistent for boys than for girls. A novel finding was that while earlier LS positively predicted later PB, changes in LS negatively predicted changes in PB over time. The present findings underscore the dynamic relationships between problem behavior and life satisfaction over time and across genders in early adolescent years.