bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Skin Temperature on Hypohydration Mediated Hemodynamic Responses to Submaximal Exercise.
Authors: Kenefick Robert W. , Ely Brett R. , Cheuvront Samuel N. , Palombo Laura J. , Sawka Michael N. 
Published: June 2021

This study delineated the impact of skin temperature elevation on hypohydration (−4% body mass) mediated hemodynamic responses to submax exercise. Thirty‐two males (22 ± 4 yrs, VO2peak, 45 ± 8 ml·kg−1·min−1) were divided into 4 matched cohorts (n=8). Each cohort then completed euhydrated (EU) and hypohydrated (HYPO) trials in one ambient condition (Ta; 10, 20, 30 or 40°C) consisting of 30‐min of cycle ergometry (50% VO2peak). Cardiac output (Qc), blood pressure (MAP), core (Tre) and skin (Tsk) temperature measures were taken at rest and 20 min of exercise. Tre values were similar within EU and HYPO across Ta, however Tsk increased proportionally ~4°C Tsk per 10°C Ta. EU plasma volume changes were 0, −5, −7 and −11% and −4, −6, −10 and −15% when HYPO at 10, 20, 30 or 40oC, respectfully. The core‐to‐skin temperature gradient was not different between EU and HYPO at 10, 20, or 30°C and was smaller as Ta increased. However, at 40°C the core‐to‐skin gradient was wider (p<0.05) in HYPO. The % change in Qc (rest to exercise) was lower with HYPO (p<0.05) in 30 and 40°C. Exercise MAP decreased (p<0.05) at 40o when HYPO. Combined effects of hypovolemia and lowering of core‐to‐skin gradient resulted in an inability to maintain Qc and blood pressure during sub‐max exercise and are likely associated with performance degradation.Opinions contained herein should not to be construed as official views of the Army or DoD.
Effects of ganoderma lucidum spores powder on expression of NCAM‐1 and NCAM‐L1 in hippocampus of rats with epilepsy
Authors: Wang Shu‐Qiu , Kang Yu‐Ming , Qi Zong‐Chun , Ma Xiao‐Ru , Liang Yan‐Feng , Li Dian‐Gang , Zhang Bo 
Published: June 2021

To investigate the effects of ganoderma lucidum spores powder on expression of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM‐1) and NCAM‐L1 of nerve cells in hippocampus of rats with epilepsy emblazed by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) and study the mechanism of epilepsy and improvement mechanism by ganoderma lucidum spores powder. Thirty male Wister rats were divided into three groups randomly: ganoderma lucidum spores powder, epilepsy model and control groups. The expression of NCAM‐1 and NCAM‐L1 can be detected in each group. The results showed that, compared with control group the NCAM‐1 positive cells and the expression of NCAM‐1 and NCAM‐L1 were increased obviously in epilepsy model group, while the expression of NCAM‐1 and NCAM‐L1 ganoderma spores powder group decreased obviously compared with epilepsy model group.ConclusionBoth of NCAM‐1 and NCAM‐L1 play a role in the starting and developing of epilepsy caused by PTZ; Ganoderma lucidum spores powder could inhibit the growth of axons of neurons and transmembrane signal transduction in the nervous system, and reduce cell‐cell adhesion by down‐regulating expression of NCAM‐1 and NCAM‐L1, while synaptic plasticity of the nervous system was reduced and have anti‐epileptic effect. Ganoderma lucidum spores powder is an assistant medicine to cure epilepsy, and it may become a clinical drug to protect brain against epilepsy.
Long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation improves the muscle protein anabolic response to hyperaminoacidemia‐hyperinsulinemia in healthy older adults
Authors: Smith Gordon Ian , Reeds Dominic N. , Mohammed B. Selma , Mittendorfer Bettina 
Published: June 2021

Administration of long chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn‐3PUFA) has been reported to increase whole‐body protein synthesis in burned rats and growing steers. The effects of LCn‐3PUFA on human protein metabolism are unknown. To fill this gap, we measured the skeletal muscle protein fractional synthetic rate (FSR) during basal, postabsorptive conditions and during intravenous infusion of insulin and amino acids in 11 healthy, 65–80 y old adults (BMI: 26 ± 1 kg/m2; means ± SEM) before and after 8 weeks of supplementation with either 4 g·d−1 Lovaza™ (GlaxoSmithKline) containing 3.36 g of the ethylesters of eicosapentanoic acid [20:5n‐3] and docosahexaenoic acid [22:6n‐3]; n = 6) or corn oil (n = 5). Corn oil supplementation had no effect on either the basal muscle protein FSR (P = 0.62) or the anabolic response to insulin and amino acid infusion (P = 0.58). LCn‐3PUFA supplementation also had no effect on the basal rate of muscle protein synthesis (0.055 ± 0.005 vs. 0.054 ± 0.011 %·h−1, before and after supplementation, respectively; P= 0.95) but augmented the hyperaminoacidemia hyperinsulinemia‐induced increase in the rate of muscle protein synthesis (from 0.010 ± 0.006 %/h to 0.030 ± 0.004 %·h−1; P= 0.04). We conclude that LCn‐3PUFA have anabolic properties in older adults and may be useful for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.Supported by grants from the NIH, ASN, AFAR, GSK, and the Longer Life Foundation.
Angiotensin II Increases JNK and IRS‐1ser307 Activity via NAD(P)H and Inhibits Insulin Signaling in Rats with Insulin Resistance Induced by Low Salt Diet
Authors: Coelho Michella Soares , Negri Heloisa B , Ferreira Daniele N , Oliveira Ivone B , Hirata Aparecida E , Casarini Dulce E , Prada Patricia O , Dolnikoff Miriam S , Saad Mario JA , Heimann Joel C 
Published: June 2021

Low salt diet (LS) increases angiotensin II (AII), which may enhance JNK and IRS1ser307 phosphorylation (PP) decreasing insulin signaling (INS‐S). AII stimulate ROS production through activation of NAD(P)H oxidase (NAD). However, whether AII, oxidative stress (OX) and inflammatory signaling (IS) are involved in INS resistance induced by LS is not established.ObjectiveEvaluate if losartan (LOS) improves INS resistance by decreasing OX, JNK and IRS1ser307 PP.MethodsRats were fed a LS (0.15% NaCl) or normal salt diet (NS: 1.3%) since weaning. Groups: NS, NS+LOS, LS and LS+LOS. NAD activity (subunits p47 and gp91PHOX), tissue AII, blood glucose (G), plasma INS, HOMA, INS‐S and IS, AII type 1 (AT1) receptor gene and protein expression were evaluated.Results(P<0.05, n=8): INS level, HOMA index, muscle AII and NAD subunits PP were greater in LS (p47: 10,066±975, gp91: 740±106) than in NS (p47: 5,783±801, gp91: 416±70 AU). G and NAD activity were lower in LS+LOS than in LS. INS receptor and Akt PP were greater and JNK (58±3) and IRS1ser307 PP (47±3 AU) were lower in the muscle of LS+LOS than in LS. IkB‐α PP was lower in LS (50±3) than in NS (100±3 AU) suggesting an activation of IS in LS. AT1 did not differ among groups.ConclusionsINS resistance induced by LS is associated with alterations in regulation of INS‐S, activated IS (JNK and IkB‐α), and higher tissue AII and NAD activity. In LS, LOS improves INS‐S by decreasing OX, JNK and IRS1ser307 PP, indicating that LOS may has anti‐inflammatory properties. AII may be a pathway that connects IS, OX and INS resistance in LS.Funded by FAPESP
Histone Deacetylase inhibitors modulate mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle
Authors: Galmozzi Andrea , Mitro Nico , Gers Elise , Gilardi Federica , Mai Antonello , Saez Enrique , Crestani Maurizio , De Fabiani Emma 
Published: June 2021

The control of metabolic pathways occurs at the transcriptional level also through epigenetic mechanisms. Since it has been demonstrated that Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) are involved in muscle fiber type determination, our aim was to investigate the metabolic effects following the biochemical inhibition of HDACs in skeletal muscle and the underlying mechanisms.In C2C12 myotubes we observed that HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) upregulate the mRNA of PGC‐1alpha and its target genes. Additionally, transcriptome analysis in C2C12 treated with HDACi revealed an increase in OXPHOS genes and in genes coding for fatty acids catabolism enzymes, most likely linked to PGC‐1alpha‐dependent activation of gene transcription. Consistent with the increase of PGC‐1alpha, FACS analysis revealed increased density and activity of mitochondria in C2C12 myoblasts. As well, staining of myotubes treated with HDACi showed an increase in mitochondrial density and activity. Using Class specific HDAC inhibitors we observed that Class I HDACs are the most involved in the promotion of these effects.These results underscore a central role of HDACs, and most probably of Class I HDACs, in modulating metabolic adaptation in cells and suggest HDACi as valuable tools to study molecular mechanisms implicated in energy metabolism and possibly in metabolic diseases.(Funded by grants: EC FP6 LSHM‐CT‐2006‐037498 SOUTH, PRIN 2008 ZTN724)
Coarctation of the Aorta Associated with Dissection of the Ascending Aorta in the 13 Year Old Boy
Authors: Miclaus Gratian Dragoslav , Zahoi Delia Elena , Ples Horia , Gaspar Marian 
Published: June 2021

Cardiovascular emergencies represent one of the most challenging issues in daily practice. Use of MDCT allows to scan fast and with high accuracy critical and unstable patients.In our Diagnostic Imaging Centre we have examined a young patient 13 years old who fall unconscious after a bath in the river. We have been asked to clarify if there is a dissection of the aorta and to asses the status of coronary ostia regarding dissection fold.We have been able to precisely offer the extension of the dissection, and we find also coarctation of the aorta.Patient was surgically treated with replacement of the ascending aorta and reimplantation of the coronary arteries, and in the second operating time coarctation was solved.MDCT is fast and high quality investigation, in a very short time, with high resolution and possibility to offer anatomic details of the organs involved and surrounding tissues.
Effect of extracts from Leaves of Perilla frutescens treated with sucrose aqueous solution on antioxidant activities and glutathione level in HepG2 cell.
Authors: Yang Sung‐Yong , Hong Chung‐Oui , Koo Yun‐Chang , Nam Mi‐Hyun , Kim Ji Hoon , Wang Zeng , Ma Yuanyuan , Noh Sang‐Hee , Lee Kwang‐Won 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study is to find a variant of Perilla frutescens leaves carrying strong antioxidant activities, and having more levels of caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid. We have investigated two species of perilla frutescens (Namchun, Bora) which were grown with 6% of sucrose solution and without. The perilla leaf extracts showed antioxidant activities in 2,2‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radical cation assay, 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl free radical‐scavenging assay, ferric‐reducing antioxidant power assay, total flavonoid content and total polyphenol content. The intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) in HepG2 cells was determined by HPLC.According to radar chart demonstrating characteristic feature in the antioxidant properties, Namchun has 22.46% of radar chart area and Bora has 23.04%. But, Namchun, grown with 6% sucrose aqueous solution has 80.1% of radar chart area and Bora, same condition, has 82.5%. So, Namchun and Bora, grown with 6% sucrose aqueous solution have higher antioxidant activity than non‐sucrose. GSH level were increased in HepG2 cells treated with Namchun compared with non‐treated. And treated with Namchun growing 6% sucrose aqueous solution were even higher than non‐sucrose in GSH level. Also, GSH level in HepG2 treated with Bora growing 6% sucrose aqueous solution were even higher than non‐sucrose.
The effect of home delivered DASH meals on the diets of older adults with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Racine Elizabeth , Troyer Jennifer , Grace Ngugi , McAuley William 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThere is little information regarding whether free therapeutically designed meals have a beneficial impact on the diets of older adults with hyperlipidemia and/or hypertension.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to determine the degree to which dietary change is influenced by providing one therapeutically designed meal per day.DesignWe conducted a one‐year randomized controlled trial among 298 people aged 60 or older with hyperlipidemia and/or hypertension where 50% of participants received seven therapeutic meals/week for 12 months. Those in need of dietary change at baseline (n=210) as measured by accordance to the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet were examined. Change in intermediate DASH accordance, DASH accordance and the nutrients that comprise the DASH diet were measured using 24‐hour food recalls at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Chi‐square tests, t‐tests, and multiple regression were used to examine the association between receipt of meals and dietary change over time.ResultsParticipants who received meals were 20% (p=0.001) more likely to reach intermediate DASH accordance at 6 months and 18% (p=0.007) more likely to meet saturated fat accordance at 12 months compared to those who did not receive meals. When stratified by race and income gains were marginally larger for whites and higher income individuals.ConclusionsDelivery of seven therapeutic meals per week was found to increase compliance with dietary recommendations among non‐compliant older adults with cardiovascular disease.This project was funded by the Administration on Aging (#90AM2665).
Past food deprivation is related to current dietary practices and weight status in Cambodian refugee women
Authors: Peterman Jerusha Nelson , Wilde Parke E. , Liang Sidney , Bermudez Odilia I. , Silka Linda , Rogers Beatrice Lorge 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveWe investigated the relationship between past food experience of Cambodian refugee women and current food beliefs, dietary practices, and weight status.MethodsSurvey participants (n=133) were randomly selected from a comprehensive list of Cambodian households in Lowell, MA. Height, weight, 24‐hour dietary recall, food beliefs, past food experience, and demographic information were collected Multivariate logistic and linear regression models were used to analyze relationships.ResultsSurvey respondents with higher past food deprivation scores were more likely to currently report eating meat with fat (OR=1.14 for every point increase on 9–27 point food deprivation measure), and to be overweight/obese by CDC (OR=1.28) and WHO (OR=1.18) standards.ConclusionsRefugees who experienced extensive food deprivation/insecurity may be more likely to engage in unhealthful eating practices and more likely to be overweight/obese than those who experienced less extreme food deprivation/insecurity.Funding sources: Cambodian Community Health 2010 program (CDC Agreement Number U50/CCU12215), Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Massachusetts Foundation Catalyst Fund, The Feinstein International Center, Project Bread, and the Cambodian Mutual Assistance Association of Greater Lowell, Inc.
NF‐E2 related factor 2 activation induction by decursin and decursinol angelate protect against bete‐amyloid‐peptide‐induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells
Authors: Li Li , Li Wei , Park Sung‐ki , Kim Yong‐ho 
Published: June 2021

The protective effects of decursin(D) and decursinol angelate(DA) purified from Angelica gigas Nakai on beta‐amyloid‐peptide(Aβ)‐induced neurotoxicity and the mechanism was investigated. Aβ is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease(AD) which can initiate a cascade of oxidative events. It decreased viability of PC12 cells in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner. Pretreatment with D and DA resulted in dose‐dependent anti‐Aβ toxicity according to MTT assay and restored the activities of key antioxidant enzymes(superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase), glutathione(GSH) level and lipid peroxidation altered by Aβ. Furthermore D and DA resulted in up‐regulation of GST activity accompanied by increased transactivation of activator NF‐E2‐related factor‐2(Nrf2) which mediates GST gene transcription. Our results demonstrate activation of Nrf2/ARE pathways in PC12 cells by D and DA treatment protects cells from Aβ‐induced oxidative stress and regulated Aβ‐mediated adaptive responses in PC12 cells via translocation of Nrf2. These findings indicated D and DA might be considered as an adjunct therapeutic strategy to combat neural demise in AD and other oxidative stress‐related disease.This research is supported by Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC) of Inje University.
A bifidogenic effect is observed in young infants fed infant formula supplemented with galactooligosaccharide (GOS) and polydextrose (PDX)
Authors: Walker Donald Carey , Scalabrin Deolinda MF , Mitmesser Susan Hazels , Harris Cheryl , Marunycz John D , Tölkkö Satu , Salminen Seppo 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundPrebiotics contribute to healthy gut and immune development in infants by promoting beneficial gut microbiota rich in Bifidobacterium, predominantly B. longum, B. infantis and B. breve.ObjectiveTo assess the impact of a GOS/PDX‐supplemented infant formula on fecal microbiota.MethodsIn this double‐blind study, 21 to 30‐day old healthy term, vaginally delivered infants were randomized to receive Control (Enfamil Lipil®, Mead Johnson Nutrition, CTRL) or Control + GOS/PDX (4 g/L, 1:1 ratio, GP) for 60 d; there was a breastfed (BF) reference group. Stool samples were obtained at baseline and after 30 and 60 d of feeding. Microbiota by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was analyzed by Wilcoxon rank‐sum test.Results230 of 289 infants completed the study (CTRL=81, GP=78, BF=71). Total bifidobacteria by FISH at 30 d was similar among groups and at 60 d lower in CTRL and GP vs. BF (P≤0.049), with it tending to be higher in GP vs. CTRL (P=0.084). By qPCR, bacterial counts at 30 d tended to be higher in GP vs. CTRL for total bifidobacteria (P=0.069) and B. longum (P=0.057); GP was higher vs. CTRL for B. infantis at 30 d and for total bifidobacteria and B. longum at 60 d (P=0.002); at 60 d CTRL, but not GP, was lower than BF for total bifidobacteria and B. longum (P≤0.009) [Table].
Mean ranks of qPCR absolute counts of total bifidobacteria, B. longum, and B infantis at 60 days of feeding.+

Total bifidobacteria
B. longum
B. infantis

BF
119
113
106

CTRL
81ab
83ab
95

GP
109
111
104

Wilcoxon rank‐sum test
CTRL < BF, P≤0.009
GP > CTRL, P=0.002

ConclusionGOS/PDX added to infant formula has a bifidogenic effect in young infants.
Information and decision‐making regarding food choices by undergraduate students
Authors: Johnson Sara E , McEligot Archana J , Cullin Jennifer , Alano Ryan , McMahan Shari , Cunningham Stephanie , Sandoval Nicole 
Published: June 2021

Factors affecting the decision‐making of young adults and the relative importance they place on sources of information about food choices are addressed in a US population of undergraduate students (n = 355). Acculturation and transition to an “American” diet occurs over time and sources of information and their relative importance regarding dietary choices are expected to vary based on generational residence time, ethnicity, and age. Results indicate that students born outside the US and first generation students rate the value they place on information from the media about diet (TV, news, magazines) significantly higher than 2nd and 3rd generation students (t‐test, TV, p=0.004, news, p=0.061, magazines, p=0.019). Both recent (born outside the US and 1st generation) immigrants and established immigrants (2nd and 3rd generation) rate information from parents as the most important source of information regarding dietary choices. However, recent immigrants rate information from parents significantly higher than established immigrants (t‐test p=0.039). The value of different sources of information also varies by ethnicity (ANOVA, p=0.015). Post hoc comparisons indicate that for whites compared with Hispanic and Asians, TV is significantly (p < 0.05) less likely to influence their diet, while for Asians, the newspaper, magazines and the internet is significantly (p < 0.05) more likely to influence their diet compared with non‐Hispanic Whites and Hispanics. These results will aid in the design of nutrition intervention strategies and shed a light on the factors affecting the maturation of dietary choices and decision‐making among multi‐ethnic groups.Supported by CDC grant # 1H75DP001814‐01.
Changes in raft hippocampus in aged rats supplemented with citrulline
Authors: Marquet Perrine , Clamagirand Christine , Cynober Luc , Moinard Christophe , Allinquant Bernadette 
Published: June 2021

RationaleLipid rafts in brain are involved in cell signaling, and identified by the protein flottilin‐1. They contain a part of the precursor of peptide β‐amyloid (APP) and are involved in peptide β‐amyloid synthesis. Caveolae, sub‐populations of rafts, are characterized by protein caveolin‐1. Modifications in composition of rafts could be responsible of neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this work was to evaluate the long‐term effect of citrulline (CIT) supplementation on rafts properties in healthy aged rat hippocampus.Methods20‐month‐old male Sprague‐Dawley rats (n=20) were randomized to be fed with chow diet or CIT‐enriched diet (1 g.kg−1.d−1) for 12 weeks. Brain hippocampi were recovered. Lipid rafts were prepared and expression of flotillin‐1, caveolin‐1 and APP was assessed by western blot. 6‐week‐old male rats were used as control.ResultsIn young rats, 3 populations of rafts were pointed out (light, heavy, intermediate) considering flottilin‐1 expression. In the ageing group an increase of heavy rafts associated with a caveolin‐1 enrichment were observed at the same time that lost of both others populations. In CIT group, an intermediate pattern was pointed out: thought a same enrichment of heavy rafts was observed, some heavy and intermediate rafts populations were still remaining.ConclusionCIT supplementation during ageing seems to affect rafts composition.
Long‐term effect of citrulline supplementation in healthy aged rats: effect on body composition
Authors: Moinard Christophe , Le Plénier Servane , Cynober Luc , Raynaud‐Simon Agathe 
Published: June 2021

RationaleAging is associated with a decrease in muscle mass. Citrulline (CIT) increases muscle protein synthesis. The aim of this work was to evaluate the long‐term effect of CIT supplementation on body composition in healthy aged rats.Methods20‐month‐old male Sprague‐Dawley rats (n=20) were randomized to be fed with chow diet or CIT‐enriched diet (1 g.kg‐1.d‐1) for 12 weeks. At sacrifice, rats were dissected and we weighed lean body mass, intra‐abdominal fat mass and cutaneous fat mass. Muscles were removed and weighed; muscle protein content was measured.StatisticsStudent t‐test.ResultsThe mortality over 12 weeks was 20% (4/20) in the NEAA group whereas no mortality was observed in the CIT group (p=0.05). CIT did not affect body weight, but increased muscle weight (tibialis p=0.04 and plantaris p=0.02) and muscle protein content in the tibialis (195±4 vs 183±5 mg/g of muscle for CIT and NEAA; p=0.04). CIT induced a change in body composition with a decrease in cutaneous fat mass (24.7±0.5 vs 28.6±0.7 % of total body weight for CIT and NEAA, p=0.002) and intra‐abdominal fat mass (3.6±0.2 vs 5.1±0.3 %, p=0.0001) and an increase in lean body mass (54.8±0.6 vs 50.2±0.8 %, p<0.0001).ConclusionCIT supplementation is safe and is able to increase lean body mass and decrease fat mass in healthy aged rats. This is the first time that a nutritional manipulation induces such a change in body composition in aged rats.