bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SOFIA FEEDBACK Survey: Exploring the Dynamics of the Stellar Wind–Driven Shell of RCW 49
Authors: Tiwari M. , Karim R. , Pound M. W. , Wolfire M. , Jacob A. , Buchbender C. , Güsten R. , Guevara C. , Higgins R. D. , Kabanovic S. , Pabst C. , Ricken O. , Schneider N. , Simon R. , Stutzki J. , Tielens A. G. G. M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We unveil the stellar wind–driven shell of the luminous massive star-forming region of RCW 49 using SOFIA FEEDBACK observations of the [C ii] 158 μm line. The complementary data set of the 12CO and 13CO J = 3 → 2 transitions is observed by the APEX telescope and probes the dense gas toward RCW 49. Using the spatial and spectral resolution provided by the SOFIA and APEX telescopes, we disentangle the shell from a complex set of individual components of gas centered around RCW 49. We find that the shell of radius ∼6 pc is expanding at a velocity of 13 km s−1 toward the observer. Comparing our observed data with the ancillary data at X-ray, infrared, submillimeter, and radio wavelengths, we investigate the morphology of the region. The shell has a well-defined eastern arc, while the western side is blown open and venting plasma further into the west. Though the stellar cluster, which is ∼2 Myr old, gave rise to the shell, it only gained momentum relatively recently, as we calculate the shell’s expansion lifetime of ∼0.27 Myr, making the Wolf–Rayet star WR 20a a likely candidate responsible for the shell’s reacceleration.
Cloud Properties of Brown Dwarf Binaries across the L/T Transition
Authors: Brock Laci , Barman Travis , Konopacky Quinn M. , Stone Jordan M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We present a new suite of atmosphere models with flexible cloud parameters to investigate the effects of clouds on brown dwarfs across the L/T transition. We fit these models to a sample of 13 objects with well-known masses, distances, and spectral types spanning L3–T5. Our modeling is guided by spatially resolved photometry from the Hubble Space Telescope and the W. M. Keck Telescopes covering visible to near-infrared wavelengths. We find that, with appropriate cloud parameters, the data can be fit well by atmospheric models with temperature and surface gravity in agreement with the predictions of evolutionary models. We see a clear trend in the cloud parameters with spectral type, with earlier-type objects exhibiting higher-altitude clouds with smaller grains (0.25–0.50 μm) and later-type objects being better fit with deeper clouds and larger grains (≥1 μm). Our results confirm previous work that suggests L dwarfs are dominated by submicron particles, whereas T dwarfs have larger particle sizes.
The Double-bubble Coronal Mass Ejection of the 2020 December 14 Total Solar Eclipse
Authors: Boe Benjamin , Yamashiro Bryan , Druckmüller Miloslav , Habbal Shadia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Total solar eclipses (TSEs) continue to provide an invaluable platform for exploring the magnetic topology of the solar corona and for studying dynamic events such as coronal mass ejections (CMEs)—with a higher spatial resolution over a larger spatially continuous extent than is possible to achieve with any other method at present. In this Letter, we present observations of the full extent of a “double-bubble” CME structure from the solar surface out to over 5 solar radii, as captured during the 2020 December 14 TSE. Its evolution through the corona was recorded from two observing sites separated by 13 minutes in their times of totality. The eclipse observations are complemented by a plethora of space-based observations including: Extreme Ultraviolet observations of the solar disk and low corona from SDO/AIA and STEREO-A/EUVI, white-light coronagraph observations from SOHO/LASCO-C2, radio from STEREO-A/WAVES and WIND/WAVES, and X-ray from GOES-16. We also characterize the magnetic field with a potential field source surface model. This CME event itself is of particular interest, as it demonstrates interactions between a prominence channel and an active region that led to the double-bubble structure. Despite the plethora of space-based observations, only the eclipse data are able to provide the proper context to connect these observations and yield a detailed study of this unique CME.
Radiation hardening and optical properties of materials based on SiO2
Authors: Stepanov Vladimir A. , Demenkov Pavel V. , Nikulina Olga V. 
Published: June 2021

Preliminary studies have shown that the optical absorption spectra of radiation-colored glasses correspond to the spectral behavior of the scattering losses of an optically inhomogeneous medium. The reasons for the same optical changes in glasses of different compositions are the radiation-induced electric charge separation in the structurally nano-inhomogeneous glass volume, polarization and formation of nanometer optical inhomogeneities.
The authors of this work prove that the radiation changes in the mechanical and optical properties of silicate glasses are of the same nature. The performed estimates indicate that the electric charge separation in the glasses occurs up to absorbed doses of about 1 MGy. The local electric charge separation due to the appearance of Coulomb forces leads to radiation hardening of the glasses. The estimated Coulomb hardening of the quartz glasses was ~ 107 Pa.
The theoretical results were experimentally confirmed by measuring the mechanical properties of the glasses under high intensity proton irradiation as well as by testing the mechanical strength of a composite material based on quartz glass. Under proton irradiation with a dose rate of 5×103 Gy/s (energy of 8 MeV) up to threshold doses of ~ (1 – 5) ×106 Gy in the KU-1 quartz glasses, the decrement of acoustic vibrations decreased due to Coulomb hardening. After gamma irradiation with 1.34×105 Gy, the tensile strength of the composite material based on quartz glass increased by up to 20 MPa. This value is in the range of estimates of Coulomb hardening of quartz glasses. It is also shown that ionizing radiation does not affect the elastic modulus of materials based on SiO2.
L’évaluation au cours de séances d’investigation en mathématiques
Authors: Gandit Michèle 
Published: June 2021

Nous présentons le début d’une recherche sur l’évaluation des apprentissages dans les enseignements scientifiques fondés sur l’investigation (ESFI) au collège et à l’école élémentaire. L’article porte sur l’enseignement des mathématiques. Cette recherche se situe dans le cadre du projet européen ASSIST-ME (Assess Inquiry in Science, Technology and Mathematics Education) et s’appuie sur un travail coopératif, de type DI-Formation, entre chercheurs, formateurs d’enseignants et enseignants de collèges et d’écoles primaires. Il s’agit plus particulièrement de concevoir, tester, évaluer et diffuser des outils permettant l’évaluation des compétences en jeu dans les ESFI. Le questionnement porte sur l’évaluation formative comme aide au professeur à réguler l’action des élèves, de manière à la rendre scientifique. Nous proposons un modèle de l’action scientifique de l’élève, ainsi qu’une description en quatre variables d’un ESFI en mathématiques. Au regard de ces deux modèles, nous analysons des données recueillies sur une séance de type « démarche d’investigation », expérimentée par cinq enseignants (6ème et CM2) et intégrant un outil d’évaluation formative.
Démarche d’investigation et problématisation en mathématiques et en SVT : des problèmes de démarcation aux raisons d’une union
Authors: Hersant Magali , Orange-Ravachol Denise 
Published: June 2021

En France, les programmes d’enseignement récents de mathématiques, de sciences et de technologie promeuvent l’engagement des élèves de l’école et du collège dans des démarches d’investigation contribuant à l’appropriation de compétences communes. Comment est-il possible qu’une même démarche réunisse à la fois les mathématiques et les sciences ? Notre communication montre que les différences entre les disciplines pointées par l’institution (l’expérimentation, les modalités de validation) font problème. Elle étudie la possibilité de réunir ces disciplines en considérant la construction des savoirs qu’elles opèrent comme des problématisations.
La démarche d’investigation depuis la théorie anthropologique du didactique : les parcours d’étude et de recherche
Authors: Wozniak Floriane 
Published: June 2021

Nous aborderons la démarche d’investigation comme la mise en œuvre d’une praxéologie dont l’objet est de construire une réponse à une question. Il s’agit alors de transformer le milieu de la situation adidactique – regardé comme « un bout de nature » dénué d’intention didactique – en une source d’informations, un média. Ce processus didactique, appelé dialectique des médias et des milieux en théorie anthropologique du didactique, fournit les matériaux à partir desquels la réponse peut être produite. Le schéma herbartien qui décrit la pédagogie de l’enquête propre aux parcours d’étude et de recherche peut alors être regardé comme une modélisation de la démarche d’investigation. Nous montrerons comment ce modèle permet ainsi d’envisager les conditions sur le milieu – relatives à la topogenèse, la mésogenèse et la chronogenèse – comme conditions du recours effectif à une démarche d’investigation.
Nouveau métier : enseignant dans le second degré. Récits de changements professionnels
Authors: Dozolme Sylvie , Ria Luc 
Published: June 2021

En France, près de 20 % des professeurs stagiaires du second degré disposent d’un vécu professionnel hors système éducatif. Qui sont-ils ? Pourquoi ont-ils fait le choix de devenir enseignants ? Cette étude s’intéresse à la transition professionnelle vécue par ces futurs enseignants. Issus de métiers très différents (manutentionnaire, secrétaire, infirmière, commercial, ingénieur…), ils opèrent un changement professionnel conséquent. Le protocole de recherche mis en place analyse l’impact de ce vécu professionnel sur les pratiques du métier d’enseignant ainsi que les étapes et le ressenti de ces personnes face à une acculturation. Ce travail devrait donc fournir des éléments de réflexion pour comprendre comment se déroule l’acculturation d’anciens salariés d’entreprises privées lors de leur entrée dans le monde de l’éducation. Il permettra également d’appréhender comment ils vivent leur arrivée dans ce nouveau métier pour examiner ensuite s’il existe des typicalités de parcours conduisant à cette reprofessionnalisation.
Workaholism, Sleep Disorders, and Potential E-Learning Impacts among Menoufia University Staff during Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Allam Heba Khodary , Helmy Mai Salah , El Badry Aziza Saad , Younis Faten Ezzelarab 
Published: June 2021

Background Workaholism is described as a constant, internal drive to work and behavioral addiction to work. Studies have shown the negative associations between workaholism, job performance, and health results as disrupted sleep. The purpose of this research was to compare the prevalence of workaholics among the academic staff of practical and theoretical Faculties in Egyptian universities using the Dutch Workaholism Scale (DUWAS) and to determine associated sleep problems. Also, it studied the added impact of E-learning on the prevalence of workaholism frequency during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 336 participants. Work addiction was assessed using DUWAS (17 items) as well as questionnaires on personal, occupational characteristics, and sleep problems. DUWAS scale was repeated after six months during COVID 19 pandemic to investigate the impact of E-learning on the workaholic behavior of the studied groups. Results Our study revealed that the prevalence of workaholism was 33%; 32.8% and 33.7% were listed for the faculties of Medicine and Arts, respectively. After the COVID-19 pandemic, workaholic frequency was significantly increased to be 46.4%. Adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that workaholism had negatively impacted sleep in terms of difficulty initiating sleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, and insufficient sleep. Conclusion The prevalence of workaholism appears to be high among university staff members especially after COVID-19 crisis. Sleep problems were linked to workaholics more than other workers. We recommend encouraging employees to work to their contracted hours, as excess work over extended periods may have adverse effects not only on organizational productivity but also on their health.
Cutaneous manifestations of coronavirus disease in Turkey
Authors: Yıldiray Yeniay , AyŞe Pekdemir Şen 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Although the clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection are mainly based on respiratory system symptoms, different types of skin manifestations have been described in the literature.

Objectives:
We investigated COVID-19 cases in Kocaeli, Turkey, in a period of 3 months to identify and figure out the real burden of skin lesions associated with COVID-19 infection.

Methods:
A total of 266 patients who had positive results on reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analysis of nasopharyngeal swab for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 between March 2020 and June 2020 at our region were investigated for the study.

Results:
A total of 266 patients was included in this study, 92 (34.6%) patients were male and 174 (65.4%) were female. The mean ± standard deviation age of the patients was 49.2 ± 18.69 (range: 18–96 years). During clinical examination, 5 (1.9%) patients demonstrated skin lesions that might be associated with COVID-19 infection. These lesions consisted of urticaria in three patients and vesicular eruption in two patients.

Conclusion:
Although the incidence of cutaneous manifestations was lower than expected, these symptoms are valuable clues to identify patients or asymptomatic individuals in high-risk populations. Further prospective studies in larger populations are needed to better define the real cutaneous aspect of the disease.
Utility of lung ultrasound for extravascular lung water volume estimation during cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy
Authors: Mittal Amit Kumar , Jaipuria Jiten , Patel Anil , Bhatnagar Vishal , Chawla Rajiv , Singh Shivendra 
Published: June 2021

Background and Aims:
Rising extravascular lung-water index (ELWI) following cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS + HIPEC), if not timely intervened, can progress to pulmonary oedema. Transpulmonary thermodilution (TPTDL) is a standard technique to estimate ELWI (T-ELWI score), and track ongoing changes. Lung ultrasound (LUS) is another technique for ELWI (L-ELWI score) estimation. However, reproducibility and reliability of LUS for tracking serial L-ELWI changes during CRS + HIPEC remains to be validated.

Methods:
This prospective observational study included 360 L-ELWI and T-ELWI measurements at 12 peri-operative time-points. Cohen's Kappa test was used to assess reproducibility, Inter-rater agreement (between the anaesthetist and radiologist), and agreement between LUS and TPTDL for classifying the severity of pulmonary oedema. Reliability of LUS for 'tracking serial changes' in ELWI over time in individual patients was assessed by determining the repeated measures correlation (z-rrm) between weighted L-ELWI and T-ELWI scores. The ability of both techniques to discriminate pulmonary oedema was compared by analysing the area under ROC curves.

Results:
Excellent inter-rater agreement for assigned L-ELWI scores was observed (linear weighted κ = 0.95 for both). Both techniques had a good agreement in classifying the severity of pulmonary oedema (linear weighted κ = 0.63, 95% CI 0.51–0.79). T-ELWI and weighted L-ELWI scores correlated strongly (z-rrm = 0.88, 95% CI 0.80–0.92, P < 0.0001). Both techniques had comparable ability to discriminate pulmonary oedema (difference in area under ROC curve = 0.0014, 95%CI –0.0027 to 0.0055, P = 0.5043).

Conclusion:
We found the utility of LUS as a reliable and reproducible technique for ELWI estimation and tracking its changes over time in CRS + HIPEC.
Sepsis – An Overview
Authors: Suraj K. P. , Chandran Arjun 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection. Even with advancement in understanding the pathophysiology and various monitoring tools and treatment measures, sepsis still remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity in critically ill patients. Over the last three decades, significant changes were seen regarding understanding the pathophysiology of sepsis. The management of sepsis has evolved over the last two decades by the advent of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines which recommends early recognition and prompt treatment without delay.
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Adolescents’ Experience in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Cross-Country Study Using a Telephone Survey
Authors: Wang Dongqing , Chukwu Angela , Millogo Ourohiré , Assefa Nega , James Christabel , Young Tara , Lankoande Bruno , Workneh Firehiwot , Hemler Elena C. , Korte Michelle L. , Mattei Josiemer , Soura Abdramane Bassiahi , Sie Ali , Oduola Ayoade , Berhane Yemane , Fawzi Wafaie W. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT.
The public health measures instituted by governments to combat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may cause developmental and educational losses to adolescents. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and its mitigation strategies on adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa are unclear. This study aimed to examine adolescents’ knowledge, perceptions, and practices related to COVID-19 and the impacts of the pandemic on the daily lives of adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. The survey was conducted in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, and Nigeria using computer-assisted telephone interviews to enable rapid and remote data collection. Two sites were included in each country, with approximately 300 adolescents per site and 1,795 adolescents in total. Variations across the six sites were noted for the proportions of the adolescents who could correctly identify all key COVID-19 symptoms (4–25%), transmission methods (16–59%), and prevention approaches (33–79%). Most (> 72%) of the adolescents were no longer going to school due to school closures. Many adolescents (23–81%) were not receiving any education during the pandemic. A considerable proportion of the adolescents (44–83%) self-assessed as having less ability to learn during the pandemic; many expected it to be very difficult to catch up on education after the pandemic. Decreases in the consumption of major food groups were common across sites. Urgent actions are needed in sub-Saharan Africa to address the inadequate knowledge of COVID-19 among adolescents and the impacts of the pandemic on adolescent education and nutrition.
Appsgate, a Programmable Domestic Eco-system: Learning from "Living in it"
Authors: Coutaz Joëlle , Crowley James L. 
Published: June 2021

We present an experience with the development and evaluation of AppsGate, an ecosystem for the home that can be programmed by end-users. We show the benefits from using the homes of the project team members as real-life living-labs. In particular, we discuss the first person perspective experience as an effective way to conduct longitudinal experiments in real world settings. We conclude that a programmable habitat is desirable provided that attention cost is minimized
Cet article présente un retour d’expérience avec la mise en oeuvre et l’évaluation d’AppsGate, un écosystème domestique programmable par l’habitant. Nous montrons l’apport de l’utilisation des domiciles de membres du projet tout au long du processus de développement, et notamment l’intérêt de « vivre avec » comme technique d’expérimentation longitudinale
Fuzzy4U : un moteur d’adaptation en logique floue pour l’accessibilité des interfaces utilisateurs
Authors: Giuffrida Tanguy , Céret Eric , Dupuy-Chessa Sophie , Poli Jean-Philippe 
Published: June 2021

With the massive spread of Internet use, the accessibility of user interfaces (UI) is an ever more pressing need. Much work has been developed on this subject in order to define generic or situational accessibility recommendations and to propose tools for user interface adaptation. However, difficulties remain, particularly related to the complexity of possible contexts of use, such as the multiplicity of characteristics of the context of use, the imprecision of the values assigned to these characteristics and the combination of multiple adaptation rules. This article shows how a dynamic adaptation engine based on fuzzy logic can be used to implement accessibility recommendations. We show how this approach makes it possible to overcome these difficulties through fuzzy logic with the capacity to manage combinatorial rules, making it possible to take into account potentially complex contexts of use. This approach is illustrated with a concrete example.
Avec la diffusion massive de l'utilisation d'Internet, l'accessibilité des interfaces est un besoin toujours plus prégnant. De nombreux travaux se sont penchés sur ce sujet afin de définir des recommandations d'accessibilité génériques ou situationnelles, et proposer des outils d'adaptation des interfaces utilisateurs. Cependant, des difficultés, notamment liées à la complexité des contextes d'usage possibles, demeurent tels que la multiplicité des caractéristiques du contexte d'usage, l'imprécision des valeurs attribuées à ces caractéristiques et la combinaison de multiples règles d'adaptation. Cet article montre comment un moteur d'adaptation dynamique basé sur la logique floue peut être utilisé pour implémenter les préconisations en accessibilité. Il montre comment cette approche permet de dépasser ces verrous grâce à la logique floue et sa gestion de la combinatoire des règles, permettant de prendre en compte un contexte d'usage potentiellement complexe que nous illustrons avec un exemple concret.