bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subjective Wellbeing Dynamics
Authors: Johnston David W. , Stavrunova Olena 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA large multidisciplinary literature has sought to explain how a person's wellbeing changes over time in response to individual life events (for example, unemployment), and to larger scale interventions and events (for example, natural disasters). The Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey has been a key data source for such explorations because of its consistency, longevity and breadth of information. Through a review of past studies, we highlight some important features in the dynamics of subjective wellbeing; particularly focusing on the speed of adaptation to wellbeing shocks, and the presence of heterogeneity in adaptation profiles.
Conflict Framing in the News Media and Political Discussion
Authors: Bjarnøe Camilla 
Published: September 2021

Though political discussion amongst citizens is central in democracy, little is known about what triggers informal political discussions and through which pathways. This article argues that citizens gain knowledge about politics when they are exposed to political conflict in the news media and that this may encourage them to participate more in political discussions conditioned by their orientation towards conflict due to potential interpersonal conflict. The indirect effect is argued to be larger on social media where behaviour is more uncivil than in face‐to‐face interactions. Based on a content analysis of news coverage and a three‐wave panel survey (n = 2,049), exposure to conflict framing is found to have a positive effect on changes in discussion frequency across social settings. The effect is mediated by knowledge and subsequently moderated by conflict avoidance: conflict non‐avoiders are more positively influenced than conflict avoiders. The indirect effect is larger in social media than in public and private settings. The wider societal implications of the results are discussed.
Undue Influence and Will Substitutes: Vitiating Transactions that Blur the Boundaries between Life and Death
Authors: Chen Ben , Silver Natalie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn ageing population combined with decades of economic growth has correlated with a rise in inheritance disputes. While many of these disputes involve wills, non‐probate instruments known as ‘will substitutes’ that operate during the donor's lifetime but also transfer specific assets upon death are playing a significant role. To date, the academic literature has not adequately addressed how undue influence claims against will substitutes have been, or should be, resolved. Our case survey reveals two distinct doctrinal approaches taken by the English courts to resolve these claims. The first approach treats will substitutes as estate‐planning instruments on par with wills; the second focuses on the lifetime operations of will substitutes. We argue that the first ‘testamentary’ approach is preferred to the second ‘lifetime’ approach. The testamentary approach not only better promotes testamentary intent and respects relational norms, it also decreases the risk of discrimination and paternalism against elderly people.
Sudden death in an adolescent due to undiagnosed classic Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Ogunbona Oluwaseun B. , Heninger Michael , Bradley Kyle , Geller Rachel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFew cases of natural sudden death presenting as an undiagnosed lymphoma have been reported in the literature, especially in adolescents. Herein we provide a report of sudden death caused by undiagnosed classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). We describe an 18‐year‐old female who collapsed after several weeks of weight loss, decreased appetite, and dyspnea. At autopsy, a bulky mass arising in the mediastinum and neck compressed the esophagus and trachea, surrounded the great vessels, obliterated the pericardial sac, and infiltrated the myocardium. The lungs were collapsed and large pleural effusions were present. The tumor burden, which weighed at least 2710 g in aggregate, was entirely above the diaphragm. Microscopic examination of the masses showed features typical for nodular sclerosis cHL including large bands of sclerosis, numerous Hodgkin/Reed‐Sternberg (HRS) cells, and an eosinophil‐rich mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate. Immunohistochemical stains showed the HRS cells to be uniformly positive for CD30 and CD15 and negative for CD3, CD20, CD45, and PAX5. This case exemplifies a rare sudden natural death due to previously undiagnosed cHL in a young patient.
DNA recovery after sequential processing of latent fingerprints on copy paper
Authors: Bathrick Abigail S. , Norsworthy Sarah , Plaza Dane T. , McCormick Mallory N. , Slack Donia , Ramotowski Robert S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractForensic examiners must determine whether both latent fingerprint development and DNA profiling can be performed on the same area of an evidence item and, if only one is possible, which examination offers the best chance for identification. Latent fingerprints can be enhanced by targeting different components of fingerprint residues with sequential chemical treatments. This study investigated the effects of single‐reagent and sequential latent fingerprint development processes on downstream DNA analysis to determine the point at which latent fingerprint development should be stopped to allow for DNA recovery. Latent fingerprints deposited on copy paper by one donor were developed using three sequential processes: 1,8‐diazafluoren‐9‐one (DFO) → ninhydrin → physical developer (PD); 1,2‐indanedione‐zinc (IND‐Zn) → ninhydrin → PD; and IND‐Zn → ninhydrin → Oil Red O (ORO) → PD. Samples were examined after the addition of each chemical treatment. DNA was collected with cotton swabs, extracted, quantified, and amplified. DNA yields, peak heights, number of alleles obtained, and percentage of DNA profiles eligible for CODIS upload were examined. DNA profiles were obtained with varying degrees of success, depending on the number and type of treatments used for latent fingerprint development. The treatments that were found to be the least harmful to downstream DNA analysis were IND‐Zn and IND‐Zn/laser, and the most detrimental treatments were DFO, DFO/laser, and PD. In general, as the number of treatments increase, the opportunities for DNA loss or damage also increase, and it is preferable to use fewer treatments when developing latent fingerprints prior to downstream DNA processing.
Criminal behavior and mental illness in the Arab world
Authors: Albarbari Hassan S. , Al‐Awami Hashim M. , Bazroon Ali A. , Aldibil Hassan H. , Alkhalifah Salman M. , Menezes Ritesh G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNumerous studies have highlighted significant correlations between major psychiatric disorders and criminal behavior. However, the plethora of literature on criminality among patients with major psychiatric disorders originated in the West. The objective of the present paper is to review criminal behavior among individuals with mental illness in Arab countries. Attributes of individuals assessed by forensic psychiatric committees and identifying various aspects that may reinforce criminality among individuals with mental illness were considered. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review of literature from three databases (Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science) was carried out. A total of 20 articles were included. The publications span between 1975 and 2020 and originated in seven different Arab countries including Egypt, Kuwait, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, Jordan, and Algeria. Individuals evaluated by forensic psychiatric committees were predominantly males. Excluding substance use disorder, psychotic disorders were the most commonly diagnosed disorders among individuals evaluated by forensic psychiatry committees. Concerning schizophrenia, concomitant substance use and nonadherence to therapy were significantly associated with increased criminality. The review demonstrates that substance use is certainly linked to violence. There is a significant association between mental illness and criminal behavior. Therefore, awareness of different characteristics and risk factors behind criminal behavior among mentally ill offenders could allow us to design and implement effective preventative measures. The Arab's contribution in this field of forensic psychiatry is relatively small. Indeed, further investigation and contributions from the Arab world are required.
Chitin synthase 1 and five cuticle protein genes are involved in serosal cuticle formation during early embryogenesis to enhance eggshells in Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Lu Jia‐Bao , Guo Jian‐Sheng , Chen Xuan , Cheng Chen , Luo Xu‐Mei , Zhang Xiao‐Ya , Moussian Bernard , Chen Jian‐Ping , Li Jun‐Min , Zhang Chuan‐Xi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMany holo‐ and hemimetabolous insects enhance their eggshells during embryogenesis by forming a serosal cuticle (SC). To date, scholarly understanding of the SC composition and SC‐related gene functions has been limited, especially for hemimetabolous insects. In this study, we initially performed transmission electron microscopic (TEM) observation and chitin staining of the SC in Nilaparvata lugens, a hemimetabolous rice pest known as the brown planthopper (BPH). We confirmed that the SC was a chitin‐rich lamellar structure deposited gradually during the early embryogenesis. Parental RNA interference (RNAi) against Nilaparvata lugens chitin synthase 1 (NlCHS1) in newly emerged and matured females resulted in decreases of egg hatchability by 100% and 76%, respectively. Ultrastructural analyses revealed loss of the lamellar structure of the SC in dsNlCHS1‐treated eggs. According to temporal expression profiles, five cuticle protein coding genes, NlugCpr1/2/3/8/90, were specifically or highly expressed during the SC formation period, and NlugCpr1/2/3/90 were further detected in 72 h eggshells extract by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. NlugCpr2/3/90 were likely three SC‐specific cuticle proteins. TEM observations of the SC following parental RNAi against NlugCpr1/2/3/8/90 demonstrated that NlugCpr3/8/90 were essential for SC formation. The study provided an understanding of the SC formation process and SC‐related cuticle proteins in BPHs, which offer potential targets for pest control in the egg stage as well.
Auxin‐mediated induction of GAL promoters by conditional degradation of Mig1p improves sesquiterpene production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with engineered acetyl‐CoA synthesis
Authors: Hayat Irfan Farabi , Plan Manuel , Ebert Birgitta E. , Dumsday Geoff , Vickers Claudia E. , Peng Bingyin 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae uses the pyruvate dehydrogenase‐bypass for acetyl‐CoA biosynthesis. This relatively inefficient pathway limits production potential for acetyl‐CoA‐derived biochemical due to carbon loss and the cost of two high‐energy phosphate bonds per molecule of acetyl‐CoA. Here, we attempted to improve acetyl‐CoA production efficiency by introducing heterologous acetylating aldehyde dehydrogenase and phosphoketolase pathways for acetyl‐CoA synthesis to enhance production of the sesquiterpene trans‐nerolidol. In addition, we introduced auxin‐mediated degradation of the glucose‐dependent repressor Mig1p to allow induced expression of GAL promoters on glucose so that production potential on glucose could be examined. The novel genes that we used to reconstruct the heterologous acetyl‐CoA pathways did not sufficiently complement the loss of endogenous acetyl‐CoA pathways, indicating that superior heterologous enzymes are necessary to establish fully functional synthetic acetyl‐CoA pathways and properly explore their potential for nerolidol synthesis. Notwithstanding this, nerolidol production was improved twofold to a titre of ˜ 900 mg l−1 in flask cultivation using a combination of heterologous acetyl‐CoA pathways and Mig1p degradation. Conditional Mig1p depletion is presented as a valuable strategy to improve the productivities in the strains engineered with GAL promoters‐controlled pathways when growing on glucose.
Myeloperoxidase and associated lung disease: Review of the latest developments
Authors: Hu Hannah , Keat Karuna 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMyeloperoxidase (MPO) anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) are often detected in association with a variety of lung pathologies, the most common being interstitial lung disease (ILD). A growing cohort of patients are being diagnosed with MPO‐ANCA in the context of ILD without ANCA‐associated vasculitis. Clinically and radiologically, there is little to differentiate this cohort from MPO‐ANCA‐negative ILD patients; however, the pathophysiology is likely different and different treatments are likely required. We present here a brief summary of the proposed pathophysiology of MPO‐ANCA‐positive ILD, and a more detailed review of the latest evidence on management, including monitoring for development of ANCA‐associated vasculitis, immunosuppression, anti‐fibrotics, and novel agents that have yet to be trialled in human experiments.
Donor BMSC‐derived small extracellular vesicles relieve acute rejection post‐renal allograft through transmitting Loc108349490 to dendritic cells
Authors: Wang Zhi‐gang , Xu Hong‐en , Cheng Fu‐min , Zhang Jie , Feng Yong‐hua , Liu Dan‐hua , Shang Wen‐jun , Feng Gui‐wen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)‐derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are potent candidates for the suppression of acute rejection post‐renal allograft and have been reported to halt dendritic cells (DCs) maturation. However, whether BMSC‐derived sEVs mitigate acute rejection post‐renal allograft by targeting DCs is still unclear. In this study, donor BMSC‐derived sEVs (sEVs) relieved the inflammatory response and suppressed mature DCs (mDCs) location in kidney grafts, and increased regulatory T (Treg) cell population in the spleens of the rats that underwent kidney allograft. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated immature DCs (imDCs), sEVs suppressed the maturation and migration of DCs and inactivated toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling. Compared with LPS‐treated imDCs, imDCs treated with LPS+sEVs promoted CD4+T cells differentiated toward Treg cells. Subsequently, we found that Loc108349490, a long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) abundant in sEVs, mediated the inhibitory effect of sEVs on DC maturation and migration by promoting TLR4 ubiquitination. In rats that underwent an allograft, Loc108349490 deficiency weakened the therapeutic effect of sEVs on acute rejection. The present study firstly found that sEVs alleviated acute rejection post‐renal allograft by transferring lncRNA to DCs and screened out the functional lncRNA loaded in sEVs was Loc108349490.
Influence of the use of chelating agents as final irrigant on the push‐out bond strength of epoxy resin‐based root canal sealers: A systematic review
Authors: Augusto Carla M. , Cunha Neto Miguel A. , Pinto Karem P. , Barbosa Ana Flavia A. , Silva Emmanuel J. N. L. , dos Santos Ana Paula P. , Sassone Luciana M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis systematic review (PROSPERO – CRD42020150722) was performed to answer the following question: Does the use of chelating agents affect the dislodgment resistance of epoxy resin‐based root canal sealers? A search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, LILACS and Web of Science, hand searching of two endodontic journals and grey literature until September 2020. Extracted data included: teeth used, sample size, root canal preparation, irrigant, chelating solution, neutralisation solution, type of resin‐based sealer and obturation approach, storage method and duration, root third and slice thickness, plunger dimension and loading direction and the push‐out testing parameters and values. The search retrieved a total of 2.389 studies. After analysis, 12 studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included. Most of the final irrigation protocols with chelating agents had a positive impact and promoted an improvement in the dislodgment resistance of epoxy resin‐based sealers to the root dentin.
Assessment of ECG during hybrid comprehensive telerehabilitation in heart failure patients—Subanalysis of the Telerehabilitation in Heart Failure Patients (TELEREH‐HF) randomized clinical trial
Authors: Orzechowski Piotr , Piotrowicz Ryszard , Zaręba Wojciech , Główczyńska Renata , Szalewska Dominika , Pluta Sławomir , Irzmański Robert , Kalarus Zbigniew , Banach Maciej , Opolski Grzegorz , Pencina Michael J. , Kowalik Ilona , Piotrowicz Ewa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundExercise training in heart failure (HF) patients should be monitored to ensure patients’ safety. Electrocardiographic (ECG) telemonitoring was used to assess the safety of hybrid comprehensive telerehabilitation (HCTR).ObjectiveAnalysis of ECG recorded during HCTR in HF patients.MethodsThe TELEREH‐HF multicenter, randomized, controlled trial enrolled 850 HF patients with New York Heart Association class I‐III and left ventricular ejection fraction of ≤40%. This subanalysis focuses on 386 patients (aged 62 ± 11 years, LVEF 31 ± 7%) randomized to HCTR. HCTR was telemonitored with a device allowing to record 16‐s fragments of ECG and to transmit the data via mobile phone network to the monitoring center.ResultsIn 386 patients, 16,622 HCTR sessions were recorded and 66,488 ECGs fragments were evaluated. Sinus rhythm was present in 320 (83%) and permanent atrial fibrillation (AF) in 66 (17%) patients, respectively. The most common arrhythmias were ventricular and atrial premature beats, recorded in 76.4% and 27.7% of the patients, respectively. Non‐sustained ventricular tachycardia (21 episodes in 8 patients) and paroxysmal AF episodes (6 in 4 patients) were rare. None of the analyzed demographic and clinical characteristics was predictive for onset of the new arrhythmias on exercise.ConclusionTelerehabilitation in HF patients was safe without the evidence for symptomatic arrhythmias requiring discontinuation of telerehabilitation. Only one mildly symptomatic paroxysmal AF episode led to the short‐term suspension of the training program. The most common arrhythmias were atrial and ventricular premature beats. These arrhythmias did not result in any changes in rehabilitation and therapy regimens.
Necessity of flow cytometry assessment of circulating plasma cells and its connection with clinical characteristics of primary and secondary plasma cell leukaemia
Authors: Bezdekova Renata , Jelinek Tomas , Kralova Romana , Stork Martin , Polackova Petra , Vsianska Pavla , Brozova Lucie , Jarkovsky Jiri , Almasi Martina , Boichuk Ivanna , Knechtova Zdenka , Penka Miroslav , Pour Ludek , Sevcikova Sabina , Hajek Roman , Rihova Lucie 
Published: September 2021

SummaryPlasma cell leukaemia (PCL) is a rare and very aggressive plasma cell disorder. Preventing a dismal outcome of PCL requires early diagnosis with appropriate analytical tools. Therefore, the investigation of 33 patients with primary and secondary PCL was done when the quantity of circulating plasma cells (PCs) using flow cytometry (FC) and morphology assessment was evaluated. The phenotypic profile of the PCs was also analysed to determine if there is an association with clinical outcomes and to evaluate the prognostic value of analysed markers. Our results revealed that FC is an excellent method for identifying circulating PCs as a significantly higher number was identified by FC than by morphology (26·7% vs. 13·5%,P = 0·02). None of secondary PCL cases expressed CD19 or CD20. A low level of expression with similar positivity of CD27, CD28, CD81 and CD117 was found in both PCL groups. A decrease of CD44 expression was detected only in secondary PCL. Expression of CD56 was present in more than half of PCL cases as well as cytoplasmic nestin. A decreased level of platelets, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score of 2–3 and lack of CD20+PC were associated with a higher risk of death. FC could be incorporated in PCL diagnostics not only to determine the number of circulating PCs, but also to assess their phenotype profile and this information should be useful in patients’ diagnosis and possible prognosis.
Building Resilience and Attachment in Vulnerable Adolescents (BRAVA): a brief group intervention for adolescents with mild‐to‐moderate suicidal ideation and their caregivers
Authors: Cloutier Paula , Gray Clare , Sheridan Nicole , Silverman Aaron , Cappelli Mario , Zemek Roger , Jabbour Mona , Reid Sarah , Kennedy Allison 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionSuicidal Ideation (SI) is common in adolescents and increases the risk of completed suicide. Few brief interventions have been shown to reduce SI in adolescents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a novel brief group intervention, building resilience and attachment in vulnerable adolescents (BRAVA), designed for adolescents and their caregivers to reduce adolescent SI.MethodsThe study was a pre–post, noncontrolled trial in which 46 adolescents were enrolled in the BRAVA intervention. Adolescents and caregivers completed an intake assessment, six BRAVA group sessions, and an exit assessment 1‐week post‐BRAVA.ResultsAdolescents’ SI decreased significantly after completing the BRAVA treatment (pre–post difference = 18.1, 95% CI = 10.01–26.12). Significant improvements in associated symptoms of depression, anxiety, and perceived stress were also observed. Caregivers had reduced perceived stress (pre–post difference = 2.7, 95% CI = 0.30–5.16) and reduction in attachment avoidance (difference = 1.6, 95% CI = 0.29–2.91). Treatment satisfaction was high across the six modules. The rolling entry feature of the intervention allowed participants to begin treatment approximately 2 weeks sooner compared to waiting for the next group cycle.ConclusionsStudy results demonstrate that the BRAVA intervention has the potential to reduce SI among adolescents who present to hospital services in crisis. Further studies are required to establish BRAVA’s efficacy in a randomized controlled trial.
Ontario as a case study for modernizing Home Child Care licensing and support
Authors: Varmuza Petr , Perlman Michal , White Linda A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study we demonstrate why oversight and monitoring of the home child care (HCC) sector deserves more scrutiny and policy attention in Canada. Focusing on Ontario as a key case given its population and particular licensing model, we propose a model of licensing which would bring HCC in line with requirements in child care centres and ensure all HCC providers are licensed and monitored. Recognizing that licensing alone does not guarantee quality child care, we propose a system of program supports to accompany licensing. Finally, we estimate the costs associated with implementing our proposal and demonstrate that on a per provider/child basis our model is much more cost effective and equitable than the current system.