bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Xerostomia and hyposalivation in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Makeeva Irina Michajlovna , Budina Tatiana Vasilievna , Turkina Anna Yurjevna , Poluektov Mikhail Gurevich , Kondratiev Sergey Alexeevitch , Arakelyan Marianna Georgievna , Signore Antonio , Amaroli Andrea 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjective(a) To report the xerostomia prevalence and severity in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). (b) To assess the saliva pH in patients with OSA.DesignSimultaneous cohort observational clinical study.SettingIn Sleep Medicine Centre at Lomonosov Moscow State University from March to June 2019.ParticipantsThe study was conducted on 30 patients with OSA aged from 35 to 65 years.Main outcomes measuresThe diagnosis of sleep apnoea was made after standard polysomnography using the Domino programme. The severity of OSA was indicated using the Apnoea‐Hypopnea Index. Xerostomia was evaluated using Fox's test. Hyposalivation was evaluated by measurement of salivary flow rate. Determination of the saliva pH was carried out with a pH metre. Statistical analysis was performed by one‐way ANOVA and Tukey‐Kramer multi‐comparison test.ResultsTwenty‐two out of 30 (73.3%) patients were diagnosed with "dry mouth". Hyposalivation was observed in 6 out of 30 (20%). Dry mouth on awakening was observed in 60.0%, 72.7% and 88.9% of patients with mild, moderate and severe OSA, respectively. The average salivary flow rate was 0.28 mL/min, 0.24 mL/min and 0.14 mL/min, respectively. The average pH value in patients with mild, moderate and severe apnoea was 6.40 ± 0.017, 6.15 ± 0.27 and 5.87 ± 0.24, respectively.ConclusionsIn patient with mild and moderate OSA, the saliva amount and rate are similar (P > .05). With the increase of OSA severity, both these parameters change (P < .001). The acidity of the saliva was correlated with the level of OSA, and it statistically increased with the increment of the OSA severity (P < .05‐P < .001).
Using fisher‐contributed secondary fins to fill critical shark‐fisheries data gaps
Authors: Quinlan Jessica R. , O'Leary Shannon J. , Fields Andrew T. , Benavides Martin , Stumpf Emily , Carcamo Ramon , Cruz Joel , Lewis Derrick , Wade Beverly , Amato George , Kolokotronis Sergios‐Orestis , Clementi Gina M. , Chapman Demian D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDeveloping‐world shark fisheries are typically not assessed or actively managed for sustainability; one fundamental obstacle is the lack of species and size‐composition catch data. We tested and implemented a new and potentially widely applicable approach for collecting these data: mandatory submission of low‐value secondary fins (anal fins) from landed sharks by fishers and use of the fins to reconstruct catch species and size. Visual and low‐cost genetic identification were used to determine species composition, and linear regression was applied to total length and anal fin base length for catch‐size reconstruction. We tested the feasibility of this approach in Belize, first in a local proof‐of‐concept study and then scaling it up to the national level for the 2017–2018 shark‐fishing season (1,786 fins analyzed). Sixteen species occurred in this fishery. The most common were the Caribbean reef (Carcharhinus perezi), blacktip (C. limbatus), sharpnose (Atlantic [Rhizoprionodon terraenovae] and Caribbean [R. porosus] considered as a group), and bonnethead (Sphyrna cf. tiburo). Sharpnose and bonnethead sharks were landed primarily above size at maturity, whereas Caribbean reef and blacktip sharks were primarily landed below size at maturity. Our approach proved effective in obtaining critical data for managing the shark fishery, and we suggest the tools developed as part of this program could be exported to other nations in this region and applied almost immediately if there were means to communicate with fishers and incentivize them to provide anal fins. Outside the tropical Western Atlantic, we recommend further investigation of the feasibility of sampling of secondary fins, including considerations of time, effort, and cost of species identification from these fins, what secondary fin type to use, and the means with which to communicate with fishers and incentivize participation. This program could be a model for collecting urgently needed data for developing‐world shark fisheries globally.Article impact statement: Shark fins collected from fishers yield data critical to shark fisheries management in developing nations.
A negative breakdown test in a fragrance mix I‐positive patient does not rule out contact allergy to its fragrance constituents
Authors: Geier Johannes , Schubert Steffen , Schnuch Axel , Szliska Christiane , Weisshaar Elke , Kränke Birger , Werfel Thomas , Ruëff Franziska , Schröder‐Kraft Claudia , Buhl Timo ,   for the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn about half of the patients reacting positive to fragrance mix I (FM I), breakdown testing remains negative. This raises the question of whether the reaction to FM I is false‐positive, or the breakdown test is false‐negative.ObjectivesTo identify characteristics and sensitization patterns of patients positive to FM I, but not to its fragrance constituents.Patients and MethodsRetrospective analysis of data from the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) between 2005 and 2019. Three patient groups were defined according to their reaction pattern: Group I, FM I positive and ≥1 single fragrance positive in the breakdown test (n = 1912); Group II, FM I positive and breakdown test negative (n = 1318); Group III, FM I negative (n = 19 790).ResultsRegarding the pattern of concomitant reactions to other fragrances, Group II had an intermediate position between Group I and Group III. In other respects (age and sex distribution, frequency of sensitization to non‐fragrance baseline series allergens), Group II rather resembled Group I.ConclusionsNot every positive reaction to FM I in patients with negative breakdown tests is false‐positive. There may be false‐negative reactions to the single fragrance components when patch tested at 1% pet. Raising patch concentrations of some single fragrances is recommended.
Prevalence, incidence, and severity of hand eczema in the general population – A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Quaade Anna S. , Simonsen Anne B. , Halling Anne‐Sofie , Thyssen Jacob P. , Johansen Jeanne D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAccurate assessments of the burden of hand eczema (HE) in the general population are important for public awareness and intervention. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to provide updated estimates of prevalence and incidence, alongside additional epidemiological endpoints on HE in the general population. PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched for studies reporting the prevalence and/or incidence of HE in the general population. Proportion meta‐analyses were performed to calculate pooled estimates of prevalence, incidence, severity, and the proportion of individuals with HE and a history of atopic dermatitis. Sixty‐six studies were included in the quantitative analysis encompassing 568 100 individuals. The pooled estimates for lifetime, 1‐year, and point prevalence were 14.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.6–16.5), 9.1% (95% CI: 8.4–9.8) and 4.0% (95% CI: 2.6–5.7), respectively. The pooled incidence rate of HE was 7.3 cases/1000 person‐years (95% CI: 5.4–9.5). The occurrence of HE was 1.5–2 times higher in females than males. More than one third suffered from moderate/severe disease and around one third had a history of atopic dermatitis. HE was a recurrent, long‐lasting disease with an average age at onset of the early‐ to mid‐twenties. In conclusion; HE is a highly prevalent disease in the general population and carries a significant risk of long‐term or chronic disease.
Patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery for peritoneal malignancy of appendiceal origin should be consented for umbilical excision as 30% have umbilical infiltration
Authors: Sakata Shinichiro , Tan Tun G. , Kostadinov Danko , Ahmadi Nima , Dayal Sanjeev P. , Tzivanakis Alexios , Mohamed Faheez , Carr Norman J. , Cecil Tom D. , Moran Brendan J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimCytoreductive surgery (CRS) for peritoneal malignancy has traditionally included umbilical excision with no published evidence on the incidence of umbilical involvement. The primary aim of this work was to determine the incidence of umbilical involvement in patients undergoing CRS for peritoneal malignancy of appendiceal origin. The secondary aim was to investigate the relationship of umbilical involvement with prior surgery affecting the umbilicus, such as diagnostic laparoscopy and midline laparotomy.MethodThis study is from a national referral centre in the United Kingdom for appendiceal tumours and peritoneal malignancy. It is a retrospective analysis from a dedicated prospective database. We evaluated the most recent 200 consecutive patients who underwent CRS for peritoneal malignancy of appendiceal origin where all pathology specimens were reported by a recognized expert pathologist in appendiceal tumours and peritoneal malignancy.ResultsFrom June 2016 to September 2019, 200 consecutive patients had CRS and 178 had umbilical excision. Of these 54/178 (30.3%) had disease involving the umbilicus. The pathological findings in the 178 patients were low‐grade mucinous carcinoma peritonei in 90/178 (50.6%), high‐grade mucinous carcinoma peritonei in 31/178 (17.4%), metastatic appendiceal adenocarcinoma in 29/178 (16.4%) and diffuse acellular mucin in 28/178 (15.7%). Umbilical involvement was found in 25/90 (27.8%) with low‐grade, 11/31 (35.5%) with high‐grade, 8/29 (27.6%) with adenocarcinoma and 10/28 (35.7%) of patients with acellular mucin. In the 54 patients with umbilical disease, 30/54 (55.6%) had previous diagnostic surgery affecting the umbilicus. In the 124 patients without umbilical disease, 76/124 (61.2%) had prior surgery involving the umbilicus. The difference between the groups was not significant (p = 0.24).ConclusionIn patients with peritoneal malignancy of appendiceal origin, approximately 30% have umbilical involvement, irrespective of the primary appendiceal pathology. Umbilical involvement was not associated with prior surgery involving the umbilicus. This is the first report to document the incidence of umbilical pathology and supports consideration of routine umbilical excision in CRS for peritoneal malignancy.
Earned income tax credit and crime
Authors: Lenhart Otto 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between earned income tax credit (EITC) laws and crime. Using data from 1999–2017, a period with 73 state EITC changes, I evaluate the effects of state‐level EITCs on violent and property crime. Estimating difference‐in‐differences models, I find that higher EITCs are associated with significant reductions in violent crime, while not affecting property crimes. Introducing high state EITC is associated with a 10.0% reduction in violent crimes, which corresponds to 40 fewer crimes per 100,000 individuals. Event study estimates confirm the negative association between EITC generosity and violent crime.
Cryptic mortality of North Atlantic right whales
Authors: Pace Richard M. , Williams Rob , Kraus Scott D. , Knowlton Amy R. , Pettis Heather M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEvaluations of the conservation status of the endangered North Atlantic right whale as well as many other wildlife species often rely extensively on counts and cause‐of‐death determinations of carcasses found accidentally or during dedicated surveys. Even when survey effort dedicated to a population is extensive, many deaths may go unseen. We used an abundance estimation model to derive estimates of cryptic mortality for North Atlantic right whales and found that observed carcasses accounted for only 36% of all estimated death during 1990–2017. We found strong evidence that total mortality varied over time, and that observed carcass counts were poor predictors of estimated annual numbers of whales dying. Importantly, there were substantial differences between fractions of deaths determined to be entanglement related during necropsy (49%) and the fraction of cryptic deaths suffering serious injuries related to entanglement (87%). Although we concluded that a single year's observations produced poor estimates of carcass detection rates due to the volatility of ratios of small counts, ratio estimates of data pooled over periods of consistent survey may offer better information on detection rates. Additionally, it appears unwise to consider cause of death determinations from detected carcasses as representative of cause‐specific mortality rates in right whales given the large number of seriously injured whales from entanglement that are likely part of the unseen mortality.
Outcome of liver transplantation and prevalence of liver fibrosis in Crigler‐Najjar syndrome
Authors: Schröder Hanna , Junge Norman , Herden Uta , Deutschmann Andrea , Weidemann Sören Alexander , Krebs‐Schmitt Dorothee , Grabhorn Enke Freya 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionCrigler‐Najjar syndrome (CNS) is a rare inherited disorder that is characterized by high levels of non‐hemolytic, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia leading to brain damage and even death. Liver transplantation (LT) can correct the metabolic defect, but there are little data regarding LT in this patient cohort. The liver parenchyma has been considered to be structurally normal in CNS, but there is growing evidence of clinically silent but histologically significant fibrosis in CNS patients.Patients and methodsWe included 13 patients in our retrospective study who underwent LT at our center. Patient survival, graft function, and long‐term complications were evaluated over a median follow‐up period of 10 years (range: 1–16 years). In addition, the prevalence of histologically relevant fibrosis was characterized.ResultsThe overall survival among our LT patients was 100%. The graft survival was only 61.5%. During the follow‐up period, 5 LT patients had to undergo retransplantation. More than 45% of our patients showed histological signs of fibrosis.ConclusionLT remains the only definite therapeutic option for severe CNS but needs to be considered thoroughly regarding the clinical risk‐benefit‐ratio and impact on quality of life. Furthermore, hepatic parenchymal injury needs to be considered while evaluating future therapeutic options for CNS.
‘Very demanding. Extremely rewarding’: Exploring the co‐occurrence of burnout and engagement in alcohol and other drug workers
Authors: Skinner Natalie , Roche Ann M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionAlcohol and other drug (AOD) work can be highly meaningful and satisfying, but also intense and highly demanding. This combination often creates significant strain for workers. Mirroring this complexity, this study considered the predictors and outcomes of the concurrent experience of burnout and engagement in AOD workers. The Job Demands‐Resources model informed the study.MethodsThis study utilised data from a recent Australian AOD workforce survey. The sample comprised 886 workers in direct client service roles. K‐means cluster analysis on burnout and engagement measures identified four discrete groups: burnt out (15.6%) (high burnout/low engagement), engaged (36.7%) (low burnout/high engagement), overextended (26.5%) (high burnout/high engagement) and indifferent (21.2%) (low burnout/low engagement).ResultsMultinomial logistic regression analysis indicated that workers were more likely to be burnt out or overextended, rather than engaged, if they reported high work intensity, low organisational openness to change and low support. Multivariate analysis of variance showed burnt‐out workers had the least favourable and engaged respondents the most favourable outcomes on job satisfaction, turnover intention, health and life quality. Overextended workers were comparable to indifferent workers on these outcomes.Discussion and ConclusionThis study offers a unique and nuanced view of AOD worker wellbeing. For the one‐quarter of workers reporting simultaneous burnout and engagement, their enthusiasm and commitment did not protect them from poor personal and organisational outcomes typically linked with burnout. The need for systemic and structural interventions is clearly indicated, including open and supportive organisational cultures, leadership development and adequate staffing.
Theory of mind, executive function, and lying in children: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Sai Liyang , Shang Siyuan , Tay Cleo , Liu Xingchen , Sheng Tingwen , Fu Genyue , Ding Xiao Pan , Lee Kang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractScientific research on how children learn to tell lies has existed for more than a century. Earlier studies mainly focused on moral, social, and situational factors contributing to the development of lying. Researchers have only begun to explore the cognitive correlations of children's lying in the last two decades. Cognitive theories suggest that theory of mind (ToM) and executive function (EF) should be closely related to the development of lying since lying is, in essence, ToM and EF in action. Yet, findings from empirical studies are mixed. To address this issue, the current meta‐analysis reviewed all prior literature that examined the relations between children's lying and ToM and/or between children's lying and EF. In total, 47 papers consisting of 5099 participants between 2 and 19 years of age were included, which yielded 74 effect sizes for ToM and 94 effect sizes for EF. Statistically significant but relatively small effects were found between children's lying and ToM (r = .17) and between lying and EF (r = .13). Furthermore, EF’s correlation with children's initial lies was significantly smaller than its correlation with children's ability to maintain lies. This comprehensive meta‐analysis provides a clear picture of the associations between children's ToM/EF and their lying behavior and confirms that ToM and EF indeed play a positive role in children's lying and its development.
Sequential Bayes Factor designs in developmental research: Studies on early word learning
Authors: Mani Nivedita , Schreiner Melanie S. , Brase Julia , Köhler Katrin , Strassen Katrin , Postin Danilo , Schultze Thomas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDevelopmental research, like many fields, is plagued by low sample sizes and inconclusive findings. The problem is amplified by the difficulties associated with recruiting infant participants for research as well as the increased variability in infant responses. With sequential testing designs providing a viable alternative to paradigms facing such issues, the current study implemented a Sequential Bayes Factor (SBF) design on three findings in the developmental literature. In particular, using the framework described by Schönbrödt and colleagues (2017), we examined infants’ sensitivity to mispronunciations of familiar words, their learning of novel word‐object associations from cross‐situational learning paradigms, and their assumption of mutual exclusivity in assigning novel labels to novel objects. We tested an initial sample of 20 participants in each study, incrementally increasing sample size by one and computing a Bayes Factor with each additional participant. In one study, we were able to obtain moderate evidence for the alternate hypotheses despite testing less than half the number of participants as in the original study. We did not replicate the findings of the cross‐situational learning study. Indeed, the data were five times more likely under the null hypothesis, allowing us to conclude that infants did not recognize the trained word‐object associations presented in the task. We discuss these findings in light of the advantages and disadvantages of using a SBF design in developmental research while also providing researchers with an account of how we implemented this design across multiple studies.
Salvador Allende's development policy: Lessons after 50 years
Authors: Espinosa Victor I. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLast year, 2020, was the 50th anniversary of the opening of the ‘Chilean road to socialism’ by Salvador Allende. Although the Allende government is the political reference for the 'socialism of the 21st century’ in Latin America, international supporters tend to disregard the primary cause of its downfall, focusing instead on the circumstances of Allende's death. This article explains the link between the Allende government's development policies and its macroeconomic outcomes between 1970 and 1973. It finds that Chile's economic collapse had an endogenous cause related to government policies. This supports the views of Mises and Hayek on the feasibility of socialist economic policies. Policymakers and commentators should recognise essential lessons from the Chilean experience to learn from past errors and effectively promote Latin America's economic development.
Impact of frailty and atrial fibrillation in elderly patients with acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Esteve‐Pastor María Asunción , Martín Ernesto , Alegre Oriol , Formiga Francesc , Sanchís Juan , López‐Palop Ramón , Martínez Sellés Manuel , Vidán María Teresa , Bueno Héctor , Díez‐Villanueva Pablo , Abu Assi Emad , Ariza‐Solé Albert , Marín Francisco , Castillo Dominguez Juan Carlos ,   the LONGEVO‐SCA Registry Investigators
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is scarce information on the prognostic role of frailty and atrial fibrillation (AF) in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).MethodsThe aim was to analyse the management of elderly patients with frailty and AF who suffered an ACS using data of the prospective multicentre LONGEVO‐SCA registry. We evaluated the predictive performance of FRAIL, Charlson scores and AF status for adverse events at 6‐month follow‐up.ResultsA total of 531 unselected patients with ACS and above 80 years old [mean age 84.4 (SD = 3.6) years; 322 (60.6%) male] were enrolled, of whom 128 (24.1%) with AF and 145 (27.3%) with frailty. Mutually exclusive number of patients were as follows: non‐frail and sinus rhythm (SR) 304 (57.2%); frail and SR 99 (18.6%); non‐frail and AF 82 (15.4%); and frail and AF 46 (8.7%). Frail and AF patients compared with non‐frail and SR patients had higher risk of all‐cause mortality [HR 2.61, (95% CI 1.28‐5.31; P = .008)], readmissions [HR 2.28, (95%CI 1.37‐3.80); P = .002)] and its composite [HR 2.28, (95% CI 1.44‐3.60); P < .001)]. After multivariate adjustment, FRAIL score [HR 1.41, (95% CI 1.02‐1.97); P = .040] and Charlson index [HR 1.32, (95% CI 1.09‐1.59); P = .003] were significantly associated with mortality. AF status was not independently related with adverse events.ConclusionsFrailty but not AF status was independently associated with follow‐up adverse events. Frailty status and high Charlson index were independent conditions associated with adverse events during the follow‐up. The impact of functional status has a bigger prognostic role over AF status in elderly patients with ACS.
The effects of repeated induction of emotions on cooperation and punishment
Authors: Lee Jinkwon , Min Sujin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study experimentally investigates how repeatedly‐induced exogenous happiness and anger affect the dynamics of cooperation and punishment in a public good game with repeated trials, wherein costly punishment is available and stranger matching is used. The study finds that induced happiness may harm cooperation when the reactions of the punished are also considered. Indeed, contributions in the happiness treatment decay with each round, while those in the anger treatment are stable. The main reason for this is found to be that the antisocial‐punished cooperators in the happiness treatment reduce their contributions, while those in the anger treatment do not.