bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skin Cancer Incidence in Organ Transplant Recipients Referred for Benign Skin Conditions
Authors: Chundydyal Sakil , Cheng Joyce Y. , Wang Mike , Li Fang-Yong , Colegio Oscar R. 
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND
Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) are at ∼100-fold increased risk for developing skin cancers compared with the general population, with increased morbidity and mortality. These patients are closely followed by dermatology; however, it is unclear how referral reasons from nondermatologic providers affect care in these patients.

OBJECTIVE
This study examines the reason SOTRs are referred to dermatologic care by nondermatologic providers as a potential predictor of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) outcomes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A retrospective case–control study was conducted with the records of 353 adult SOTRs referred to a specialized transplant dermatology clinic within an academic tertiary care center between 2007 and mid-2012.

RESULTS
Eighty-one patients were diagnosed with 491 total premalignant and malignant skin lesions. A considerable proportion of patients diagnosed with NMSC were referred for benign skin conditions such as rash or acne.

CONCLUSION
These results indicate that some SOTRs referred to dermatology for benign skin disorders are incidentally diagnosed with cutaneous malignancies; this is concerning given that referrals for benign skin conditions may delay appropriate care for cutaneous malignancies and preventative care. Better risk stratification, improved interdisciplinary collaboration, and prompt referrals for dermatologic care are needed in the care of SOTRs.
Observed Versus Expected COVID-19 Infections Among National Football League Players During the 2020 Season
Authors: Lopez Michael J. , Mack Christina , Bliss Thompson , Wasserman Erin B. , Myers Emily , Solomon Gary , Lynch John , Casolaro Anthony , Osterholm Michael , Hanfling Dan , Mayer Thom , Sills Allen K. 
Published: September 2021

Background:
The National Football League (NFL) and National Football League Players Association implemented a set of strict protocols for the 2020 season with the intent to mitigate COVID-19 risk among players and staff. In that timeframe, the league’s 32 teams completed 256 regular season games and several thousand meetings and practices. In parallel, community cases of COVID-19 were highly prevalent. We assess the risk of holding a 2020 NFL season by comparing community and player COVID-19 infections.

Methods:
We used county-level COVID-19 test data from each team to establish baseline distributions of infection rates expected to occur in a population similar in age and sex to NFL players. We used a binomial distribution to simulate expected infections in each community cohort and compared these findings with observed COVID-19 infections in players.

Results:
Over a 5-month period (1 August 2020 to 2 January 2021), positive NFL player infections (n = 256) were 55.7% lower than expected when compared with simulations from NFL community cohorts. For 30 of 32 teams (94%), observed counts fell at or below expectation, including 28 teams (88%) for which rates were lower. Two teams fell above baseline expectation.

Conclusions:
The NFL/NFLPA protocols that governed team facilities, travel, gameday, and activities outside of the workplace were associated with lower infection rates among NFL players compared with the surrounding community. The NFL’s 2020–2021 season are consistent with the hypothesis that robust testing and behavioral protocols support a safe return to sport and work.
Face Mask–Associated Recurrent Corneal Erosion Syndrome and Corneal Infection
Authors: Tang Yi Fan , Chong Elaine W. T. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract:
In the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, important public health measures such as the utilization of face masks has been widely enforced, including community-wide mandatory face mask use. During this period, there have been observations of an increasing number of patients presenting with dry eye symptoms among regular mask users with no history of ocular surface pathology. Individuals have reported being aware of air blowing upward from the mask into their eyes that is likely to increase the evaporation of their tear film leading to ocular irritation. Although face mask use is essential in combatting the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to recognize the potential effects it may have on ocular health. We report a case of face mask–associated ocular complication. After an initial cornea abrasion from mask use, the patient developed recurrent corneal erosion syndrome that was complicated by microbial keratitis after the enforcement of mandatory mask use in public areas.
Prostaglandin E2 and F2α Alter Expression of Select Cholesteryl Esters and Triacylglycerols Produced by Human Meibomian Gland Epithelial Cells
Authors: Ziemanski Jillian F. , Wilson Landon , Barnes Stephen , Nichols Kelly K. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose:
PGF2α analogs are commonly used to treat glaucoma and are associated with higher rates of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physiological effects of PGF2α and PGE2 on immortalized human meibomian gland epithelial cells (HMGECs).

Methods:
HMGECs were immunostained for the 4 PGE2 receptors (EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4) and 1 PGF2α receptor (FP) and imaged. Rosiglitazone-differentiated HMGECs were exposed to PGF2α and PGE2 (10−9 to 10−6 M) for 3 hours. Cell viability was assessed by an adenosine triphosphate–based luminescent assay, and lipid extracts were analyzed for cholesteryl esters (CEs), wax esters (WEs), and triacylglycerols (TAGs) by ESI-MSMSALL in positive ion mode by a Triple TOF 5600 Mass Spectrometer using SCIEX LipidView 1.3.

Results:
HMGECs expressed 3 PGE2 receptors (EP1, EP2, and EP4) and the 1 PGF2α receptor (FP). Neither PGE2 nor PGF2α showed signs of cytotoxicity at any of the concentrations tested. WEs were not detected from any of the samples, but both CEs and TAGs exhibited a diverse and dynamic profile. PGE2 suppressed select CEs (CE 22:1, CE 26:0, CE 28:1, and CE 30:1). PGF2α dose dependently increased several CEs (CE 20:2, CE 20:1, CE 22:1, and CE 24:0) yet decreased others. Both prostaglandins led to nonspecific TAG remodeling.

Conclusions:
PGE2 and PGF2α showed minimal effect on HMGEC viability. PGF2α influences lipid expression greater than PGE2 and may do so by interfering with meibocyte differentiation. This work may provide insight into the mechanism of MGD development in patients with glaucoma treated with PGF2α analogs.
Topical Insulin—Utility and Results in Refractory Neurotrophic Keratopathy in Stages 2 and 3
Authors: Soares Ricardo José dos Santos Machado , Arêde Carlos , Sousa Neves Filipe , da Silva Fernandes Joana , Cunha Ferreira Catarina , Sequeira Joaquim 
Published: September 2021

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of patients with refractory neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) in stages 2 and 3 treated with topical insulin.

Methods:
Retrospective analysis of eyes with NK in stages 2 and 3 refractory to standard medical and/or surgical treatment which were treated with topical insulin (1 unit per mL). This treatment was applied 4 times per day and was continued until the persistent epithelial defect (PED) or ulcer resolved. The primary outcome of the study was the complete reepithelialization of the PED or persistent ulcer. “Best-corrected visual acuity” pretreatment and posttreatment, “days until complete reepithelialization” data, and anterior segment photographs were obtained. Outcome measures were compared before and after treatment in both groups using paired and independent samples t tests.

Results:
Twenty-one eyes were included in this study, and 90% achieved complete reepithelialization of the PED and/or persistent ulcer within 7 to 45 days of follow-up. The mean number of days until complete reepithelialization was significantly lower in NK stage 2 (18 ± 9 days) when compared with NK stage 3 (29 ± 11 days) (P = 0.025). The best-corrected visual acuity improved significantly in both NK stage 2 (P < 0.001) and NK stage 3 (P = 0.004). No side effects were reported during the follow-up.

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that topical insulin drops may be an effective therapeutic in refractory NK. This therapy may prove extremely useful because of its low cost and high accessibility.
Prediction of the trabecular iris angle after posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation
Authors: Nishida Tomoya , Kojima Takashi , Kataoka Takahiro , Isogai Naoki , Yoshida Yoko , Nakamura Tomoaki 
Published: September 2021

Purpose:
To create an equation for predicting the trabecular iris angle (TIA) and to verify its accuracy after implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation.

Setting:
Nagoya Eye Clinic, Nagoya, Japan.

Design:
Retrospective evaluation of a screening approach.

Methods:
174 eyes (174 patients) that underwent ICL implantation were included. Patients were randomly assigned to the prediction equation group (116 eyes) or verification group (58 eyes). Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) (CASIA2 TOMEY) was performed before and 3 months after ICL surgery. For the prediction group, a prediction equation was created with the preoperative AS-OCT parameters and ICL size as independent variables and the postoperative anterior chamber depth (ACD) as the dependent variable. Then, by applying the predicted post-ACD and preoperative AS-OCT parameters as independent variables and TIA after ICL surgery as the dependent variable, a prediction equation was created to predict the postoperative TIA (post-TIA) after ICL surgery. Each prediction equation was created using stepwise multiple regression analysis, and its accuracy was verified by a Bland-Altman plot in the verification group.

Results:
The explanatory variables (standardized partial regression coefficient) selected in the post-TIA prediction equation were post-ACD (0.629), TIA750 (0.563), iris curvature (0.353), pupil diameter (−0.281), iris area (−0.249), and trabecular iris space area 250 (−0.171) (R2 = 0.646) (n = 116). There were no clinically significant systematic errors between measured and predictive post-TIA values in the verification group (n = 58). The mean absolute prediction error was 3.43 ± 2.22 degrees.

Conclusions:
Post-TIA was accurately predicted from the predicted post-ACD and other preoperative AS-OCT parameters.
Evaluation of impact of posterior phakic IOL implantation on biometry and effectiveness of concomitant use of anterior segment OCT on IOL power calculation for cataract surgery
Authors: Ouchi Masayuki 
Published: September 2021

Purpose:
To evaluate the effects of phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) implantation on the intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation and subsequently to evaluate the effectiveness of concomitant use of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) against biometric changes.

Setting:
Masayuki Ouchi Eye Clinic, Kyoto, Japan.

Design:
Prospective consecutive case series.

Methods:
100 patients (100 eyes) who underwent pIOL implantation were enrolled. In each eye, biometry was performed using partial coherence interferometry (PCI) and AS-OCT. Pre-pIOL and post-pIOL implantation IOL power calculation using SRK/T (S), Haigis (H), and Barret Universal II (B) formulas was compared.

Results:
100 patients (100 eyes) were included. Anterior chamber depth (ACD) was significantly shorter at post-pIOL implantation for both PCI (P < .001) and AS-OCT (P = .05). When using PCI, the crystalline lens surface was misidentified in 75% of eyes, and in these eyes, the ACD difference between pre-pIOL and post-pIOL implantation exceeded that with both PCI and AS-OCT. The estimated IOL power was significantly lower at post-pIOL implantation according to the H and B formulas (both P < .001) but remained unchanged by the S formula. However, no difference was observed when AS-OCT–derived ACD and lens thickness (LT) values were introduced in the H (P = .16) and B (P = .55) formulas.

Conclusions:
Misidentification of the lens surface occurs in many pIOL-implanted eyes with PCI measurements and could influence the power calculation with H and B formulas while leaving the S formula unaffected. AS-OCT–derived ACD and LT value substitution is recommended for H and B formulas.
Impact of a Theory-Based Intervention to Promote Medication Adherence in Patients With a History of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Pedrosa Rafaela Batista dos Santos , Gallani Maria Cecília Bueno Jayme , Rodrigues Roberta Cunha Matheus 
Published: September 2021

Background
Patient discontinuation of cardioprotective medications after a cardiac ischemic event commonly occurs early after hospital discharge. Theory-based interventions could be effective in promoting better patient self-regulation of health-related behaviors and positive intentions to adhere to the recommended medical regimen.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential efficacy and feasibility of a theory-based intervention to promote adherence to cardioprotective medications.

Methods
In this mixed-methods quasi-experimental study with 3 time points, we recruited 45 participants with a positive intention to adhere and a history of myocardial infarction. They were recruited in primary care units in Brazil. Data collection occurred in 2 waves (Tb and T60). The intervention consisted of developing action and coping plans, delivered in a 30-minute face-to-face session, with face-to-face reinforcement at a 30-day interval. Quantitative data were submitted to descriptive, Wilcoxon, and McNemar analyses; qualitative data were submitted to content analysis.

Results
An increase in the proportion of patients adhering to medications at the end of follow-up was found (T60 − Tb, +60.0%; P < .001). In addition, a significant reduction was found for blood pressure (T60 − Tb, −8.6 mm Hg; P < .001), heart rate (T60 − Tb, −6.6 bpm; P < .001), and low-density lipoprotein (T60 − Tb, −6.2 mg/dL; P < .05). Qualitative results revealed that the intervention was feasible, with an attrition rate of zero. The intervention was found to be easy to apply to patients' daily lives, and there was adequate time for implementation.

Conclusions
Our data confirm the potential efficacy of a theory-based intervention on the promotion of adherence to cardioprotective medications and on the related clinical end points, as well as its feasibility in the clinical context (Universal Trial Number: U1111-1189-9967).
Screening Identifies Suboptimal Vaccination Protection in Illness-Susceptible Elite Athletes
Authors: Turner Scarlett E. G. , Hull James H. , Jackson Anna , Loosemore Mike , Ranson Craig , Kelleher Peter , Shah Anand 
Published: September 2021

Objective:
Some groups of elite athletes have an apparent increased susceptibility to respiratory tract infection (RTI) with implications for their health and athletic performance. In this study, we aim to systemically evaluate vaccine response patterns as a potentially efficacious intervention strategy in elite athletes preparing for Olympic competition.

Design:
Cross-sectional observational study.

Setting:
A UK Sport–funded Olympic training program.

Patients:
One hundred twenty elite athletes and 10 matched healthy controls were studied. A subset of athletes were classified as RTI highly susceptible (n = 22), RTI nonsusceptible (n = 23), and asthmatic (n = 33), with matched controls also recruited (n = 10, 27 ± 3 years).

Interventions/outcome measure:
Serum samples were analysed from participants analysing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses against measles, mumps, rubella, and pneumococcus vaccines.

Results:
Although a majority of athletes (>90%) had detectable IgG levels against measles and rubella, only 76% had detectable mumps responses, with similar findings apparent in controls. Of those RTI-susceptible and asthmatic athletes, 22% had suboptimal antipneumococcal responses below 30 mg/L.

Conclusion:
A significant proportion of elite athletes preparing for Olympic competition seem to be at risk of mumps infection. In addition, RTI-susceptible and asthmatic athletes exhibit suboptimal pneumococcal antibody responses, highlighting a need for prospective immune screening in athletes to ensure vaccination strategies are effectively delivered.
A muscle-centric view of time-restricted feeding for older adults
Authors: Lees Matthew J. , Hodson Nathan , Moore Daniel R. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose of review
The practice of time-restricted feeding (TRF) has received fervent interest in recent years as a strategy to mitigate obesity and metabolic disease. We sought to review the implications of TRF for skeletal muscle health and function in aging.

Recent findings
TRF has high adherence and can promote body weight loss in older populations. Body weight reductions favor fat mass in the young, however, there is also the potential for undesirable losses in lean mass. There is currently no evidence to support TRF for skeletal muscle function and metabolism in older persons, and only tentative findings in the young. With a narrow eating window of 6–8 h and a prolonged fasting period to minimize daily insulin exposure, TRF may contradict recommended dietary practices for optimizing skeletal muscle anabolism in older people.

Summary
TRF might represent a promising intervention to address obesity and its associated metabolic diseases, however, at present there is insufficient evidence for optimizing skeletal muscle mass or health in older individuals. Further research is needed to: (1) ascertain the impact of TRF on body composition, skeletal muscle anabolism, and autophagy in aging, and; (2) delineate the potentially myoprotective roles of dietary protein and exercise within the framework of TRF in older persons.
The evolving role of radiological imaging in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Crowley Claire , Connor Owen J. O’ , Ciet Pierluigi , Tiddens Harm A.W.M. , Maher Michael M. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose of review
Radiological imaging has a crucial role in pulmonary evaluation in cystic fibrosis (CF), having been shown to be more sensitive than pulmonary function testing at detecting structural lung changes. The present review summarizes the latest published information on established and evolving pulmonary imaging techniques for assessing people with this potentially life-limiting disorder.

Recent findings
Chest computed tomography (CT) has taken over the predominant role of chest radiography in many centres for the initial assessment and surveillance of CF lung disease. However, several emerging techniques offer a promising means of pulmonary imaging using less ionizing radiation. This is of particular importance given these patients tend to require repeated imaging throughout their lives from a young age. Such techniques include ultra-low-dose CT, tomosynthesis, dynamic radiography and magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, deep-learning algorithms are anticipated to improve diagnostic accuracy.

Summary
The recent introduction of triple-combination CF transmembrane regulator therapy has put further emphasis on the need for sensitive methods of monitoring treatment response to allow for early adaptation of treatment regimens in order to limit irreversible lung damage. Further research is needed to establish how emerging imaging techniques can contribute to this safely and effectively.
A retrospective study on the preventive effect of statin after carotid artery stenting
Authors: Liu Wen , Zhao Xiong-fei , Liang Ya-long , Jiang Chao , Hou Li-xia , Chen Xiao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This retrospective study appraised the preventive effect of statin after carotid artery stenting (CAS).
Records were extracted for 100 patients with CAS surgery indicator, aged between 20 and 75 years old, and treated for statin. The cohort study included treatment group (statin and routine treatment) and control group (routine treatment), each group 50 patients. Outcomes consisted of degree of nerve defect (as measured by National Institute of Health Stroke Scale), lipid profiles (mg/dL), and CAS complications within 30 days after surgery.
After treatment, there were no significant differences in National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, lipid profiles, and mortality rate between 2 groups. However, significant differences in total cholesterol (mg/dL, P = .03), low-density lipoprotein (mg/dL, P = .01), transient ischemic attack (P = .03), ischemic stroke (P = .04), and cardiac complications (P = .03) were identified within 30 days after CAS between 2 groups.
The results of this study showed that prior statin treatment may be effective for the prevention of CAS complications.
Characteristics and mortality in primary Sjögren syndrome–related interstitial lung disease
Authors: Gao Hui , Sun Ye , Zhang Xiao-ying , Xie Linfeng , Zhang Xue-wu , Zhong Yu-chao , Zhang Jing , Hou Yu-ke , Li Zhan-guo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAim of the study was to determine the characteristics and prognosis, and to identify the risk factors for mortality in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) with interstitial lung disease (pSS-ILD).A total of 1422 patients with SS were screened and 178 patients with pSS-ILD were recruited. The medical records and outcomes were retrospectively reviewed. Overall survival and case control study were performed to explore the predictors of death.Among 178 pSS-ILD patients, 87.1% were women. Mean age was 61.59 ± 11.69-year-old. Median disease duration was 72.0 (24.0, 156.0) months. Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia was the predominant high-resolution computed tomography pattern (44.9%). Impairment in diffusion capacity was the most common abnormality of pulmonary function test (75.8%) and the most severe consequence. Type 1 respiratory failure and hypoxia were observed in 15.0% and 30.0% patients, respectively. Mean survival time after confirmation of pSS-ILD diagnosis was 9.0 (6.8, 13.0) years. The 10-year survival rate for all patients with pSS-ILD was 81.7%. Forty-four (24.7%) of 178 patients died during the follow-up period. The most predominant cause of death was respiratory failure (n = 27). Twenty-seven patients died of ILD and formed study group. The 78 patients who survived formed control group. Age and smoking were risk factors for mortality in patients with pSS-ILD. In addition, severity of ILD, as reflected by high-resolution computed tomography, pulmonary function test, and arterial blood gas, was an independent risk factor. However, inflammation status (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein) and anti-Sjögren syndrome–related antigen A and anti-Sjögren syndrome–related antigen B were not.ILD is a severe complication of pSS. Age, smoking, and severity of lung involvement are more critical for prognosis rather than inflammation status and autoantibodies.