bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liposomal chrysin attenuates hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury: possible mechanism via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Huang Rui , Zhao Zizuo , Jiang Xujie , Li Weiwei , Zhang Lidan , Wang Bin , Tie Hongtao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The chrysin has properties of low aqueous solubility, bioavailability and absorption, and its effect on hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion (HIR) remains unclear. Thus, we prepared a liposomal chrysin (LC) and explored its effect and potential mechanism on HIR.

Methods
A thin-film dispersion method was used to prepare LC, and a mouse HIR model was used. Mice were pre-treated with LC (100 mg/kg) or placebo by gavage feeding at 16.5 h, 8.5 h, 0.5 h before modelling.

Results
The average particle sizes, polydispersity index, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of LC were 129 ± 13.53 nm, 0.265 ± 0.021, −34.46 ± 4.14 mV, 95.03 ± 2.17%, 16.4 ± 0.8%. The concentration of chrysin in plasma and liver tissue by LC administration increased 2.54 times and 1.45 times. LC pre-treatment reduced HIR-induced liver injury and inhibited cell apoptosis. Besides, LC pre-treatment decreased reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde and inhibited the inflammation response indicated by lower IL-6, TNF-α, infiltration of neutrophils. Further, LC pre-treatment significantly decreased NLRP3 activation, evidenced by reduced cleaved caspase-3, NLRP3, ASC, cleaved caspase-1 and IL-1β expression.

Conclusions
LC has good biocompatibility, and it could attenuate HIR-induced injury. Its mechanism was associated with NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition, and LC might be an effective drug for treating and preventing HIR-induced injury.
Redrafting the Architecture of Daniel Traditions in the Hebrew Scriptures and Dead Sea Scrolls
Authors: Perrin Andrew B 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
For all the qualities that make the book of Daniel an odd fit in the Hebrew Bible—it is a bilingual hybrid of Aramaic and Hebrew traditions, has demonstrable compositional roots in the Second Temple period, and is attributed to a character of more recent ancestral memory—the book fits exceptionally well within a broader set of now-known Aramaic writings in the Dead Sea Scrolls. The texts and contexts of Daniel in view of these new discoveries, however, demand that we rethink the formation of Daniel traditions and transformations of Daniel as an emerging authoritative figure in ancient Jewish scribal culture. In this article, I apply a material philological approach to 4QDaniela–b (4Q112–4Q113), two Daniel manuscripts from Qumran that preserve the linguistic juncture between Dan. 7:28 and 8:1. I argue that the varied uses of physical space between these sections indicates a scribal understanding not necessarily of a unified book but of an early collection of Daniel traditions. In view of this possibility, the later Hebrew materials of Daniel 8–12 are then re-characterized as our earliest demonstrable Danielic pseudepigraphon in view of their documented redactional relationship to the foregoing Aramaic chapters. This, in turn, provides a fresh way of approaching the so-called Aramaic Pseudo-Daniel (4Q243–4Q245) fragments among the Qumran Aramaic texts simply as Danielic traditions in their own integrity.
IDH wild-type grade 2 diffuse astrocytomas: prognostic factors and impact of treatments within molecular subgroups
Authors: Rudà Roberta , Bruno Francesco , Ius Tamara , Silvani Antonio , Minniti Giuseppe , Pace Andrea , Lombardi Giuseppe , Bertero Luca , Pizzolitto Stefano , Pollo Bianca , Conti Nibali Marco , Pellerino Alessia , Migliore Enrica , Skrap Miran , Bello Lorenzo , Soffietti Riccardo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Prognostic factors and role of treatments are not well known in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type (wt) grade 2 astrocytomas. The aim of this study was to define in these tumors clinical features, molecular characteristics, and prognostic factors, with particular focus on molecular subgroups defined by cIMPACT-NOW update 3.

Methods
We analyzed 120 patients with confirmed diagnosis of grade 2 IDHwt astrocytoma according to WHO 2016, collected from seven Italian centers between 1999 and 2017.

Results
Median PFS and OS of the whole cohort were 18.9 and 32.6 months. Patients older than 40 years and patients with modest contrast enhancement on MRI had a shorter PFS and OS. Gross total resection yielded superior PFS and OS over non-gross total resection. PFS and OS of patients with either pTERT mutation or EGRF amplification were significantly shorter. The prognostic value of age, contrast enhancement on MRI, and extent of surgery was different within the molecular subgroups. Gross total resection was associated with increased PFS (not reached versus 14 months, p = 0.023) and OS (117.9 versus 20 months, p = 0.023) in patients without EGFR amplification, and with increased OS in those without pTERT mutation (NR vs 53.7 months, p = 0.05). Conversely, for patients with EGFR amplification or pTERT mutation, gross total resection did not yield a significant survival benefit.

Conclusion
Patients without EGFR amplification and pTERT mutation could be observed after gross total resection.
Characteristics of the lunar samples returned by the Chang’E-5 mission
Authors: Li Chunlai , Hu Hao , Yang Meng-Fei , Pei Zhao-Yu , Zhou Qin , Ren Xin , Liu Bin , Liu Dawei , Zeng Xingguo , Zhang Guangliang , Zhang Hongbo , Liu Jianjun , Wang Qiong , Deng Xiangjin , Xiao Caijin , Yao Yonggang , Xue Dingshuai , Zuo Wei , Su Yan , Wen Weibin , Ouyang Ziyuan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Forty-five years after the Apollo and Luna missions returned lunar samples, China's Chang’E-5 (CE-5) mission collected new samples from the mid-latitude region in the northeastern Oceanus Procellarum of the Moon. Our study shows that 95% of CE-5 lunar soil sizes are found to be within the range of 1.40–9.35 μm, while 95% of the soils by mass are within the size range of 4.84–432.27 μm. The bulk density, true density and specific surface area of CE-5 soils are 1.2387 g/cm3, 3.1952 g/cm3 and 0.56 m2/g, respectively. Fragments from the CE-5 regolith are classified into igneous clasts (mostly basalt), agglutinate and glass. A few breccias were also found. The minerals and compositions of CE-5 soils are consistent with mare basalts and can be classified as low-Ti/low-Al/low-K type with lower rare-earth-element contents than materials rich in potassium, rare earth element and phosphorus. CE-5 soils have high FeO and low Mg index, which could represent a new class of basalt.
Flavonoids naringenin chalcone, naringenin, dihydrotricin, and tricin are lignin monomers in papyrus
Authors: Rencoret Jorge , Rosado Mario J , Kim Hoon , Timokhin Vitaliy I , Gutiérrez Ana , Bausch Florian , Rosenau Thomas , Potthast Antje , Ralph John , del Río José C 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecent studies demonstrate that several polyphenolic compounds produced from beyond the canonical monolignol biosynthetic pathways can behave as lignin monomers, participating in radical coupling reactions and being incorporated into lignin polymers. Here, we show various classes of flavonoids, the chalconoid naringenin chalcone, the flavanones naringenin and dihydrotricin, and the flavone tricin, incorporated into the lignin polymer of papyrus (Cyperus papyrus L.) rind. These flavonoids were released from the rind lignin by Derivatization Followed by Reductive Cleavage (DFRC), a chemical degradative method that cleaves the β-ether linkages, indicating that at least a fraction of each was integrated into the lignin as β-ether-linked structures. Due to the particular structure of tricin and dihydrotricin, whose C-3ʹ and C-5ʹ positions at their B-rings are occupied by methoxy groups, these compounds can only be incorporated into the lignin through 4ʹ–O–β bonds. However, naringenin chalcone and naringenin have no substituents at these positions and can therefore form additional carbon–carbon linkages, including 3ʹ– or 5ʹ–β linkages that form phenylcoumaran structures not susceptible to cleavage by DFRC. Furthermore, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance analysis indicated that naringenin chalcone can also form additional linkages through its conjugated double bond. The discovery expands the range of flavonoids incorporated into natural lignins, further broadens the traditional definition of lignin, and enhances the premise that any phenolic compound present at the cell wall during lignification could be oxidized and potentially integrated into the lignin structure, depending only on its chemical compatibility. This study indicates that papyrus lignin has a unique structure, as it is the only lignin known to date that integrates such a diversity of phenolic compounds from different classes of flavonoids. This discovery will open up new ways to engineer and design lignins with specific properties and for enhanced value.
Entrepreneurial Human Capital and Firm Dynamics
Authors: Queiró Francisco 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article shows that entrepreneurial human capital is a key driver of firm dynamics using administrative panel data on the universe of firms and workers in Portugal. Firms started by more educated entrepreneurs are larger at entry and exhibit higher life cycle growth. Consistent with an effect on growth, the thickness of the right tail of the size distribution increases with entrepreneur schooling. The evidence points to several underlying mechanisms, with technology adoption playing the most important part. I develop and estimate a model of firm dynamics that can parsimoniously account for these findings and use it to draw aggregate implications. Accounting for the effect of entrepreneurial human capital on firm dynamics can substantially increase aggregate returns to schooling and the fraction of cross-country income differences explained by human and physical capital.
The modulatory effect of bee honey against diethyl nitrosamine and carbon tetrachloride instigated hepatocellular carcinoma in Wistar rats
Authors: Abouzed Tarek Kamal , Eldomany Ehab B , Khatab Shymaa A , Aldhahrani Adil , Gouda Wael M , Elgazzar Ahmed M , Soliman Mohamed Mohamed , Kassab Mohmed Atef , El-Shazly Samir Ahmed , Althobaiti Fayez , Dorghamm Doaa Abdallha 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a serious threat to human health that has attracted substantial interest. The purpose of this study was to investigate the modulatory effect of bee honey against induced HCC by diethylnitrosamine/carbon tetrachloride (DEN/CCl4) in rats. HCC was induced by a single intraperitoneal dose of DEN (200 mg/kg B.W). Two weeks later, CCl4 (1 ml/kg) was intraperitoneally injected (three times a week). Bee honey was administered orally at 2 g/rat before and after the induction of HCC. The results showed that bee honey administration significantly increased body weight, decreased liver weight, and relative liver weight compared to those in the HCC-induced group. Moreover, a significant decrease in serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) as well as AST, ALT, GGT, ALP activities were observed in bee honey administration rats compared with those in HCC-induced group. Also, the hepatic MDA was significantly decreased; in addition, SOD, CAT, and GPx activities were significantly increased in groups treated with bee honey compared with those in the HCC group. The hepatic histopathology alterations caused by DEN/CCl4 injection were ameliorated by bee honey treatment. Likewise, the mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor (TGF-β1), intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), glypican (GP-3), thioredoxin (TRX), and glutaredoxin (GRX) were downregulated, and caspase-3 was upregulated by bee honey treatment compared with untreated HCC-induced group. In conclusion, bee honey has remarkable beneficial effects against HCC induced in rats through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and antimetastatic effects.

Practical Applications
The current study confirmed that honey has the potential to act as an antimetastatic factor. Bee honey supplementation either before or after combined injection of DEN/CCl4 exhibited inhibitory and ameliorative effects against DEN/CCl4-induced HCC through its antioxidant, antiproliferative, anti-metastatic, antifibrotic, and apoptosis properties. To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe the molecular mechanisms underlying honey’s effects against DEN/CCl4-induced HCC in rats.
A high-fidelity human cervical muscle finite element model for motion and injury studies
Authors: Li Fan , Li Honggeng , Lei Kang , Zhang Biao , Su Sicheng , Hu Wei , Cao Yingchun , Nie Jin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Active muscle response is a key factor in the motion and injury of the human head and neck. Due to the limitations of experimentation and the shortcomings of previous finite element models, the influence of material parameters of cervical muscle on motions of the head and neck during a car crash have not been comprehensively investigated. In the present work, a model of the cervical muscle in a 50th-percentile adult male was constructed. The muscles were modelled using solid finite elements, with a nonlinear-elastic and viscoelastic material and a Hill material modelling the passive and active parts of each muscle, respectively. The head dynamic responses of the model were validated using results obtained from volunteer sled tests. The influence of the material parameters of a muscle on head and neck motions were determined. Our key finding was that the greater the stiffness and the contraction strength of the neck muscles, the smaller the rotation angle of the head and the neck, and, hence, the lower the risk of head and neck injury to occupants in a car crash.
WNT/β-catenin dependant alteration of cortical neurogenesis in a human stem cell model of SETBP1 disorder
Authors: Cardo Lucia F. , Li Meng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDisruptions of SETBP1 (SET binding protein 1) on 18q12.3 by heterozygous gene deletion or loss-of-function variants cause SETBP1 disorder. Clinical features are frequently associated with moderate to severe intellectual disability, autistic traits and speech and motor delays. Despite SETBP1 association with neurodevelopmental disorders, little is known about its role in brain development. Using CRISPR/CAS9 genome editing technology, we generated a SETBP1 deletion model in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), and examined the effects of SETBP1-deficiency in in vitro derived neural progenitors (NPCs) and neurons using a battery of cellular assays, genome wide transcriptomic profiling and drug-based phenotypic rescue.SETBP1-deficient NPCs exhibit protracted proliferation and distorted layer-specific neuronal differentiation with overall decrease in neurogenesis. Genome wide transcriptome profiling and protein biochemical analysis showed that SETBP1 deletion led to enhanced activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling. Crucially, treatment of the SETBP1-deficient NPCs with a small molecule WNT inhibitor XAV939 restored hyper canonical β-catenin activity and rescued cortical neuronal differentiation.Our study establishes a novel regulatory link between SETBP1 and WNT/β-catenin signaling during human cortical neurogenesis and provides mechanistic insights into structural abnormalities and potential therapeutic avenues for SETBP1 disorder.
gp130/STAT3 signaling is required for homeostatic proliferation and anabolism in postnatal growth plate and articular chondrocytes
Authors: Liu Nancy Q. , Lin Yucheng , Li Liangliang , Lu Jinxiu , Geng Dawei , Zhang Jiankang , Jashashvili Tea , Buser Zorica , Magallanes Jenny , Tassey Jade , Shkhyan Ruzanna , Sarkar Arijita , Lopez Noah , Wang Liming , Petrigliano Frank A. , Van Handel Ben , Lyons Karen , Evseenko Denis 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGrowth of long bones and vertebrae is maintained postnatally by a long-lasting pool of progenitor cells. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms that regulate the output and maintenance of the cells that give rise to mature cartilage. Here we demonstrate that postnatal chondrocyte-specific deletion of a transcription factor Stat3 results in severely reduced proliferation coupled with increased hypertrophy, growth plate fusion, stunting and signs of progressive dysfunction of the articular cartilage. This effect is dimorphic, with females more strongly affected than males. Chondrocyte-specific deletion of the IL-6 family cytokine receptor gp130, which activates Stat3, phenocopied Stat3-deletion; deletion of Lifr, one of many co-receptors that signals through gp130, resulted in a milder phenotype. These data define a new molecular circuit that regulates chondrogenic cell maintenance and output and reveals a novel, hitherto unrecognized function of IL-6 cytokines in the skeletal system with direct implications for skeletal development and regeneration.
Hippocampus-striatum wiring diagram revealed by directed stepwise polysynaptic tracing
Authors: Du Wenqin Rita , Li Elizabeth , Guo Jun , Chen Yuh-tarng , Oh So Jung , Samuel Aspen , Li Ying , Oyibo Hassana K , Xu Wei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe hippocampus and the striatum represent two major systems in the brain for learning, memory and navigation. Although they were traditionally considered as two parallel systems responsible for distinct types of learning or navigation, increasing evidence indicates a close synergetic or competitive interaction between them. Both the hippocampus and the striatum consist of multiple anatomical and functional domains. Besides the limited direct projection from the hippocampus to the ventral striatum, most of the functional interaction between them may be mediated by polysynaptic projections. Polysynaptic connectivity has been difficult to examine due to a lack of methods to continuously track the pathways in a controlled manner. Here we developed a novel approach for directed stepwise polysynaptic tracing by reconstituting a replication-deficient retrograde transneuronal virus – pseudorabies virus lacking gene IE180 (PRVΔIE). We minimized PRV neurotoxicity by temporally restricting viral replication; and enabled both anatomical tracing and functional analysis of the circuits. With these tools, we delineated a hippocampus-striatum wiring diagram, which consists of pathways from specific functional domains in the hippocampus to corresponding domains in the striatum via distinct intermediate regions. This polysynaptic wring diagram provides a structural foundation for further elucidation of the interaction between the hippocampus and the stratum in multiple brain functions.Significance StatementWe created a new method for controlled stepwise tracing of polysynaptic neuronal circuits which also enables functional analysis of the circuits. With this method, we revealed the polysynaptic wiring diagram between the hippocampus and the striatum, two major brain structures centrally involved in learning, memory and spatial navigation. This wiring diagram demonstrates how specific anatomical domains in the hippocampus are connected to the specific domains in the striatum via distinct intermediate brain regions; thus it will help to elucidate the functional interaction between these two major memory and navigation systems. Our new method can be broadly applied to many other brain circuits for anatomical and functional analysis.
The use of an analytic hierarchy process to evaluate the flexibility and adaptability in architecture
Authors: De Paris Sabine , Lacerda Lopes Carlos Nuno , Neuenfeldt Junior Alvaro 
Published: October 2021

PurposeInvestigation of housing adaptability is related to understanding factors that influence project transformation. Factors may be associated with the design and project stage as also alternative uses to existing buildings. To structure methodology for criteria analysis of adaptability, the research aims to verify the importance level of factors related to adaptability and flexibility context in architecture.Design/methodology/approachEmploying a multicriteria analysis and a diagnosis performed with architecture professionals, criteria importance identified in a bibliographic survey is contacted.FindingsWith harmonious results, key elements highlighted in the diagnosis are discussed. Adaptability and flexibility are mainly related to balance in the design of spaces and their connections, so the user can have control administrating the organization of their habitat.Originality/valueAs a complex subject, involving legal, social and cultural issues, the multicriteria method supports the scientific analysis of data. The results can be used in a practical case study as assessment of housing adaptability and flexibility, as a useful tool to decision support in architectural project.
Knowledge search strategies and corporate entrepreneurship: evidence from China's high-tech firms
Authors: Ye Jiangfeng , Jiang Yingna , Hao Bin , Feng Yanan 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThis study aims to explore the impact of search breadth and depth on corporate entrepreneurship (CE) through the mediating effect of opportunity discovery under the consideration of the technological environmental dynamism as a moderating factor.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts a quantitative method, collecting 246 questionnaires from high-tech firms in the national industrial park of the Yangtze River Delta zone in China. The authors examine the hypotheses using multiple hierarchical regressions and conduct Sobel and bootstrapping tests to further assess the mediating and moderated mediating effects of the variables.FindingsThe results indicate that both the relationship between search breadth and CE and the relationship between search depth and CE are mediated by opportunity discovery. The authors further show that technological environmental dynamism positively moderates the indirect effect of knowledge search breadth on CE and negatively moderates the indirect effect of knowledge search depth and CE.Originality/valueThis study provides a valuable theoretical framework for entrepreneurship literature by differentiating the effects of search depth and search breadth on the promotion of CE in established firms and pioneers the examination of the mediating role of opportunity discovery and the moderating role of technological environmental dynamism in these links as well.
The importance of intellectual capital in networks formed by start-ups
Authors: Franco Mário , Neves Diogo , Haase Heiko , Rodrigues Margarida 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
This study aims to analyse the importance of intellectual capital (IC) in networks formed by start-ups, with a view to obtaining resources that individually they would be unable to acquire.

Design/methodology/approach
To achieve this aim, a qualitative approach was adopted, and within this, the case study method was used. The data-collecting instrument was the semi-structured interview, held with the business-people/managers of five start-ups present in an incubator (Startup Rém) based in Portugal, and with the person in charge of this incubator, together with observation and documentary analysis.

Findings
From content analysis, the results suggest that the business people recognise the presence of IC at the moment of creating their business and that this is a means to attain sustainability and, consequently, business survival. The results also show that in the absence of network formation, the relation between the incubator and the incubated firms can be affected and limited, interfering directly with firms’ use of IC.

Practical implications
This research aimed to highlight the importance of IC as an essential resource for business survival and sustainability and to encourage start-ups to regard networks as a way to share and convey knowledge. This study also intends to help firms understand the role of cooperation and mutual assistance in seeking sustainability and economic growth.

Originality/value
This study is innovative because it has filled the gaps identified in the literature, particularly the absence of studies on the importance of IC in networks formed by start-ups, and the study of the impact of IC on firms focussing on cooperation networks.