bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Hydrogel Beads Based on Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles/Chitosan and Application as a Slow-Release Fertilizer
Authors: My Chau Phan  , Hoang Thanh Han Tran  , Ngoc Nhu Y Ha  , Vu Hoang Giang Phan  , Van Quy Nguyen  
Published: December 2024

Hydrogels have gained significant attention in various applications, including agriculture, owing to their exclusive characteristics, such as great water retention and controlled delivery of fertilizers and agrochemicals. In this study, a nanocomposite hydrogel bead with exceptional slow-release capacity for urea fertilizer has been fabricated by appropriately combining urea, silica nanoparticles, and chitosan. The developed beads not only enable the efficient delivery of nutrients to plants over a long period but also enhance water retention capacity in sandy soil, resulting in minimally negative impacts on the environment. The hydrogel beads were simply prepared by dropping method. To effectively control the release of urea from hydrogel beads, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with a diameter of 56 nm were synthesized and used to load the urea (UM). Subsequently, the UM hybrid was incorporated into the chitosan matrix to form the hydrogel beads (UMCS). The resulting beads have a spherical shape and high stability. They exhibited a sustained release of urea for over a month and biodegradable capacity in soil. The hydrogel beads showed a good swelling degree with a maximum value of 250% at pH 3. Moreover, the hydrogel beads-embedded soil revealed a water retention capacity significantly greater than the soil without the beads. These results suggested that the nanocomposite hydrogel beads possess high application potential in fertilizer delivery and smart agriculture.
Nghiên cứu, thiết kế và chế tạo máy đóng gói sản phẩm dạng bột với năng suất 200 gói/giờ
Authors: Dũng Hồ Văn , Sơn Khương Anh , Anh Võ Công , Anh Lê Thị Kim , Cường Trương Ngọc , Cường Ngô Xuân 
Published: December 2024

Hiện nay, thị trường có nhiều loại máy đóng gói sản phẩm cho các loại sản phẩm bột rau má, bột ngũ cốc, gia vị,..., phù hợp cho các sản phẩm dạng khối hoặc bao bì. Trong quá trình sản xuất tại các nhà máy hay khu công nghiệp, khâu định lượng và đóng gói rất quan trọng. Nghiên cứu này trình bày quá trình thiết kế và chế tạo một máy đóng gói sản phẩm dạng bột kiểu đứng, trong đó từng sản phẩm di chuyển liên tục, đều đặn, không thay đổi tốc độ trong quá trình đóng gói. Máy có kích thước (1 650 × 540 × 600) mm, nặng khoảng 45 kg và có thể đóng gói được tối đa (150-200) sản phẩm trong 1 giờ. Sản phẩm dạng bột được đóng gói có dạng bao bì với kích thước dài × rộng × bề dày là (115 × 60 × 8) mm, với bộ phận gia nhiệt đạt từ (140-160­) ℃. Hệ thống sử dụng PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) Siemen S7 1200 làm bộ điều khiển trung tâm, màn hình HMI cảm ứng cho quá trình vận hành. Mô hình máy được dùng để làm mô hình các giáo viên giảng dạy thực hành, thực tập và sinh viên các ngành kỹ thuật cơ khí và cơ điện tử có thể tham khảo học tập.
Pharmacognostic and Preliminary Phytochemical Standardization of Talanguli (Male inflorescence of Borassus flabellifer Linn.)
Authors: Shilpa V  , A Shahul Hameed  
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Borassus flabellifer Linn. (Palmyrah palm) belongs to the Arecaceae family and is identified as Tala in Ayurveda classics. The male inflorescence called Talanguli in Sanskrit and panaviral in Malayalam is traditionally used to treat liver disorders, ascites, and rheumatic arthritis Aim: The present study reports the pharmacognostic and phytochemical standardization of male inflorescence of Borassus flabellifer Linn. Materials and methods: The male inflorescence of Borassus flabellifer Linn. was subjected to pharmacognostic, physico-phytochemical, and HPTLC analysis as per standard procedure. Results: The external surface of the male inflorescence Borassus flabellifer Linn is rough due to scales and is yellowish green when fresh. The transverse surface of the staminate spadix has a central axis surrounded by 10-12 spikelets. The microscopic analysis revealed numerous vascular bundles that are conjoint collateral. Sclereids, starch grains, needle-like crystals, pollen grains, fragments of vessels, and fibers were observed in the powder microscopy. The alcoholic-soluble extractives are more than the water-soluble extractives. The total sugar was 8.57%. High-performance thin-layer chromatography exhibited 10 and 8 peaks at 254 and 366 nm respectively. Conclusion: Alkaloids, steroids, saponin, flavonoids, tannins, and phenols are present in the male inflorescence of Borassus flabellifer Linn. The pharmacognostic, physicochemical, and HPTLC fingerprinting of the male inflorescence of Borassus flabellifer Linn. serves as a reference standard for the authentication.
Ayurvedic management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease using the treatment principles of tamaka swasa - A case report
Authors: Aswathy M  , Dr. Jithesh M  
Published: December 2024

Chronic respiratory diseases like Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease can significantly lower a person's quality of life by limiting their ability to engage in daily activities such as work and leisure. In this era of increasing pollution and changing living habits this disease is been diagnosed in huge numbers. COPD patients are on lifelong medications and they are having very low quality of life. Even though the current available conventional management is commendable, there are certain limitations including side effects. Āyurveda offers more advantages, like improved quality of life with no known negative effects. Kāsa and śvāsa, the diseases caused by vitiation of prāṇavaha srotas. include detailed descriptions of symptoms comparable to those of COPD and how to manage it. This case study aims to investigate if an Ayurvedic treatment plan can effectively lessen the symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. An ex-smoker, 57-year male patient with Cough, Sputum Production and Difficulty in breathing was treated by protocol comprising of Deepana- pachana with panchakola churna, Snehapana with kantakari ghrita, Sodhana with vidangatanduladi churna and Pippali Vardhamana Rasayana and marked improvement was perceived.
Perlindungan Konsumen Akibat Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat pada Kenaikan Harga Tiket Pesawat
Authors: Chusnida Nabilah Luthfiyah , Muliani Alisya 
Published: December 2024

Kenaikan harga tiket pesawat seringkali terkait dengan persaingan usaha tidak sehat dalam industri penerbangan. Fenomena ini seringkali berhubungan dengan praktik persaingan usaha tidak sehat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perlindungan konsumen terkait kenaikan harga tiket pesawat akibat perilaku persaingan usaha tidak sehat tersebut, menggunakan metode penelitian hukumnormatif. Metode penelitian ini melibatkan analisis undang-undang, peraturan, dan kebijakan yang relevan. Pendekatan normatif untuk memahami kerangka hukum dan mengevaluasi sejauh mana perlindungan konsumen diatur dalam konteks kenaikan harga tiket pesawat akibat persaingan usaha tidak sehat. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi literatur mendalam untuk mengidentifikasi berbagai pandangan dan pemikiran yang telah ada. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa adanya kartel tiket pesawat megakibatkan dampak kepada konsumen dan berbagai sektor ekonomi seperti pariwisata, UMKM, perhotelan dan transportasi lainnya. Dampaknya terjadi kerugian pada biaya yang dikeluarkan maupun waktu yang terbuang apabila biaya tidak mencukupi untuk menggunakan transportasi udara. Pemerintah memiliki peran besar dalam melindungi konsumen atas persaingan usaha tidak sehat ini, Pemerintah berperan sebagai pengawas, penentu kebijakan serta regulasi agar konsumen terlindungi. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi dalam meningkatkan perlindungan konsumen dalam menghadapi dinamika harga tiket pesawat yang dipengaruhi oleh persaingan usaha tidak sehat.
Estudo microbiológico e físico-químico da polpa de Taperebá (Spondiasmombin L.) comercializada em Cametá - PA
Authors: Freitas Joice Silva de , Andrade José Jorge Almeida de , Silva Edvane Borges da , Lima Anderson Bentes de , Silveira Tiago Santos , Cardoso Alessandra Souto , Chinelate Gerla Castello Branco , Araújo Liderlânio de Almeida 
Published: December 2024

O Taperebá (Spondiasmombin L.) é um gênero pertencente à família botânica das Anacardeaceae, nativa de florestas tropicais em grande parte do sul do México, Norte e Nordeste do Brasil, consumidos em sua forma natural como sucos ou em produtos principalmente sorvete. O referido estudo se caracteriza por meio da avaliação das características físico-químicas e a qualidade microbiológica das polpas de taperebá comercializadas no município de Cametá-PA. As Polpas congeladas de dois diferentes fabricantes (A e B), foram submetidas às análises de umidade, pH, acidez total titulável, sólidos solúveis totais, sólidos totais e as microbiológicas, coliformes totais e termotolerantes, bactérias aeróbias mesófilas e fungos e leveduras. Os resultados demonstraram que os sólidos solúveis (ºBrix) apresentaram valores abaixo do exigido pela normativa que é de 9,00 ºBrix (BRASIL, 2018), assim como os valores de sólidos totais que as polpas A e B apresentaram 3,63 e 6,93, respectivamente estando abaixo do valor estabelecido por lei de 9,5 (g/100g), os valores de pH estão de acordo com a legislação, acima de 2,2. As análises microbiológicas apresentaram ausência quanto aos coliformes, no entanto a amostra A apresentou contaminação para fungos e leveduras. Desta forma há a necessidade de adequação de ambas as polpas em todos os parâmetros físico-químicos avaliados exceto o pH, assim como é necessário maior controle microbiológico sobre as polpas.
Metazoários Endoparasitas de Hoplias aff. malabaricus Bloch, 1794 (Characiformes: Erythrinidae) do Rio Araguaia, Tocantins, Brasil
Authors: Reis Thássia Silva , Sato Marcello Otake , Paiva Fernando , Santos Helcileia Dias , Maruo Viviane Mayumi , Ribeiro Taiã Mairon Peixoto , Barbosa Silvia Minharro 
Published: December 2024

A traíra é um peixe de relevância alimentar nos países amazônicos e que pode albergar parasitos causadores ou não de zoonoses. Com o objetivo de identificar os helmintos parasitando Hoplias aff. malabaricus Bloch, 1794 (Actinopterygii: Erythrinidae) do Rio Araguaia, cidade de Araguanã, Tocantins, Brasil, foram examinados 50 espécimes capturados entre janeiro a março de 2012. Foram detectados 36 parasitos, coletados nas brânquias, nadadeiras, pele, musculatura e intestino, registrados em quatro espécies: Eustrongylides tubifex Nitzsch in Rudolphi, 1819 (Nematoda: Dioctophymatidae); Ithyoclinostomum dimorphum Diesing, 1850 (Digenea: Clinostomidae); Sebekia oxycephala (Diesing) Sambon 1922 (Pentastomida: Sebekidae) e Acantocephala (cistacanto). Dos peixes infectados, 17 estavam infectados apenas por uma espécie, dois animais estavaram parasitas por duas espécies e um animal estava parasitado por três espécies. Eustrongylides tubifex foi o mais prevalente (60%; N=XX) e o mais abundante (0,05). A presença de parasitos de diferentes categorias taxonômicas, observada em Hoplias aff. malabaricus é importante devido a manutenção dos parasitos e do seu ciclo no meio ambiente. O presente estudo demonstrou que Hoplias aff. malabaricus provenientes do rio Araguaia são parasitados por helmintos de diferentes táxons. Assim, é recomendável realizar uma avaliação sanitária rigorosa a respeito da contaminação parasitária, com a finalidade de prevenção de doenças, já que a presença desses parasitos pode oferecer risco à saúde única.
Câncer de mama prevenção e controle - outubro rosa
Authors: Ribeiro Bruna Fernanda de Souza , Rangel Gabriela Ribeiro , Thurler Lais de Rezende , Tavares Manuela Félix Fialho , Palaio Matheus Botelho , Chrizostimo Miriam Marinho , Sánchez Maritza Consuelo Ortiz , Nassar Pedro Ruiz Barbosa 
Published: December 2024

O presente artigo tem como objetivo relatar a experiência de acadêmicos de enfermagem do sexto período da graduação nas ações de prevenção e controle do câncer de mama realizadas em uma policlínica do SUS durante a campanha do Outubro Rosa, no município de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro. O grupo de acadêmicos elaborou dois materiais didáticos, sendo um folder e um cartaz utilizando recursos visuais acessíveis, considerando a baixa escolaridade de parte dos usuários da unidade de saúde. No dia da ação, os materiais foram usados a partir de uma abordagem prática e interativa, com distribuição de folders e explicações diretas, além de discussões guiadas com apoio do cartaz ilustrativo. As usuárias da unidade participaram ativamente, tiraram dúvidas e levaram os folders para compartilhar com familiares, ampliando o impacto da ação educativa. Os resultados da atividade demonstraram que, embora 80% das mulheres realizem o autoexame de mama, havia dúvidas sobre a técnica, sinais de alerta e idade para exames preventivos, evidenciando a falta de informação. Além disso, expressaram dificuldades no acesso a consultas, exames, tratamentos pelo SUS e ausência de assistência psicológica. A experiência de educação em saúde permitiu aos estudantes refletir sobre a importância de ações criativas na prevenção do câncer de mama e aprimorar sua formação profissional. A atividade teve impacto positivo na população, destacando a relevância de iniciativas educativas claras e acessíveis, que devem ser mantidas e atualizadas para atender às necessidades da comunidade.
Pressing Legal Issues of the Social Media Accounts
Authors: Ameen Nazar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The rise of social media sites has dramatically transformed the humans’ interaction from material shape to digital shape. This dynamic change has helped information to fly and interconnect with enormous number of profiles in a short time. Through these engaging platforms, individuals can easily share information and exchange experiences in almost every aspect of life. These platforms have no limit capabilities in reaching out people, as well as geographical locations. Thus, businesses have started to utilize these social platforms for commercial promotion. The increasingly use of these patterns of social interaction gives rise to certain of legal issues. Yet, the functioning rules of these platforms are not clear. Furthermore, the relations between the users and providers, the users and the content, as well as the users and businesses need legal clarification. Therefore, it is significant that the engagement of individuals is shaped in a proper legal conditioning. This requires thorough analysis and deep-rooted legal examination of the social media policies that govern these platforms, as well as prevailing legislation, whether in Iraq or developed countries, that are pertinent to deal with such issues when arise.

Keywords: Social Media Account, Business Account, Personal Account, Virtual Property, Intellectual Property Right, Copyright, Labor Contact, Terms of Service, Ownership, Consumers’ Rights.
المسؤولية المدنية عن الأضرار الناجمة عن الكلاب السائبة
Authors: بیشو مراد عبدالله 
Published: December 2024

ملخص البحث
أن الأضرار الناشئة عن ظاهرة الكلاب السائبة في العراق يثير التساؤل بشأن المسؤولية المدنية عن هذه الأضرار، لاسيما في ظل القصور في القواعد القانونية المنظمة للمسؤولية عن فعل الحيوان في القانون المدني العراقي. وتوصلنا في هذا البحث إلى أنه ليس هناك مسؤولية على مغذي الكلاب السائبة، ولا مسؤولية على حائز أو مالك الكلاب السائبة الذي تخلى عن كلابه في القانون المدني العراقي، بل الذي يتحمل المسؤولية هو الشخص الذي تحت حيازته أو سيطرته هذه الحيوانات، الأمر الذي يستوجب أن يكون الحيوان مملوكاً لكي يستطيع المضرور طلب التعويض عن أضرار الكلاب السائبة. وفي نهاية البحث تم تقديم مجموعة توصيات للمشرع العراقي والجهات المعنية بهدف القضاء على ظاهرة الكلاب السائبة، وتحميل الجهات ذات العلاقة في الدولة المسؤولية عن أضرارها عند تقصير تلك الجهات، فضلاً عن التوصية بإضافة نصوص جديدة لقيام المسؤولية المدنية عن أضرار الحيوانات السائبة ومنها الكلاب، وإلغاء المواد القديمة المتعلقة بالمسؤولية المدنية عن فعل الحيوانات في القانون المدني العراقي.
الكلمات المفتاحية: المسؤولية المدنية، مغذي الكلاب السائبة، حارس الكلاب، التعويض، الكلاب السائبة.
القانون الرياضي في ميزان القانون
Authors: Khoshnaw Ibrahim Omer 
Published: December 2024

ملخص البحث
القانون كعلم من العلوم الانسانية يعتني بتنظيم حياة الانسان، وباموره المختلفة، ونظرًا لتشعب امور الحياة في هذا العصر ولدت فروع مختلفة لعلم القانون، تختص كل واحدة منها بأمر ما كالقانون التجاري، والقانون الجوي، والقانون البحري وغيرها. وبما أن النشاط الرياضي أضحى أمرًا لا مفر منه في المجتمع بل في العالم تَدخل القانون في هذا الأمر لغاية تنظيمه، وأدى ذلك إلى ولادة فرع آخر للقانون سمي القانون الرياضي (sports law). وكما هو معلوم فإن القانون يولد من مصادر متنوعة، وعليه لا يوجد قانون دون وجود مصدر، ومن هنا تختلف مصادر القانون الرياضي، فتعينها أمر سهل ممتنع نظرًا لطبيعته الخاصة، خصوصا انه يعني بتنظيم النشاط الرياضي ذات الطبيعة المتنوعة والمختلفة فضلًا عن إنه ذات طابع عالمي.
إذن يتناول هذا البحث مدلول القانون الرياضي وذلك من خلال الإجابة على الاسئلة المتعددة بشأنه؛ هل يوجد بالفعل شيء بإسم القانون الرياضي؟ إن وجد كيف ولد؟ وهل القانون الرياضي له خصائص تميزه عن غيره؟ وهل للقانون الرياضي مصادر معينة؟ هل بالامكان ترتيب مصادره؟ وغيرها.
Ecosystem Damage Due to Weaknesses in Wildlife Protection Regulations
Authors: Setyani Erlin , Octwelfth Florentina Ezrahi , Ranti Gabriella , Mambo Jr Glen Clifford , Jasmine Aldizya , Putra Muhammad Rangga Arya , Fahlevi Fiqih , Hitiyahubessy Jeanifersu 
Published: December 2024

The diversity of Indonesia's fauna and flora is quite enormous. Its strategic geographical location makes Indonesia a suitable place for breeding, and creates a good ecosystem for the wildlife species that live in it. However, the diversity and uniqueness of nature and animals are not well supported and protected, especially by irresponsible humans and weak regulations. Environmental conservation and sustainable management of natural resources can be used as the purpose of the juridical foundation to strengthen and clarify the legislation itself, so that there is no legal vacuum or “elastic law” that has no clear benchmark. Therefore, in this research, the community and regulators need to see the internal and external challenges in facing the problems faced by Mother Nature and the ecosystems and animals in it. In this article, the method used is a qualitative descriptive approach and a literature study that becomes the author's reference.
Pengaruh Metode SAS (Struktural Analitik Sintetik) Terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Pada Kelas II SD Negeri 131 Pekanbaru
Authors: Pujasari Dwi Meliana , Fitriyeni Fitriyeni 
Published: December 2024

Penilitian ini dilator belakangi oleh rendahnya kemampuan membaca permulaan pada kelas II A SD Negeri 131 Pekanbar. Penilitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh metode SAS (Struktural Analitik Sintetik) terhadap kemampuan membaca permulaan pada kelas II SD Negeri 131 Pekanbaru. Jenis penilitian kualitatif dengan metode quasy eksperimen. Teknik mpengumpulan data yaitu dengan melakukan tes membaca kepada siswa. Populasi dalam penilitian ini adalah kelas II yang terdiri dari 2 kelas dengan jumlah 60 siswa, kelas II A terdiri dari 30 siswa sebagai kelas Eksperimen dan kelas II B terdiri 30 siswa sebagai kelas Kontrol. Hasi dari penilitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan membaca siswa kelas eksperimen meningkat setelah menggunkan Metode SAS (Struktural Analitik Sintetik). Pada saat melakukan pretest nilai rata-rata siswa 55.00 sedangkan pada saat melakukan posttest nilai rata-rata siswa menjadi 85,00. Nilai siswa kelas kontrol saat pretest 70,00 dan saat dilakukan posstest nilai siswa menjadi 83,67. Hasil uji hipotesis diperoleh bahwa nilai sig two Side p sebesar 0,001 0,05, jika nilai signifikan ( two side p ) 0,05, maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Jadi kesimpulannya bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan menggunakan Metode SAS (Struktural Analitik Sintetik) terhadap kemampuan membaca permulaan pada kelas II SD Negeri 131 Pekanbaru.
Efektivitas Penggunaan Media Gambar Seri Terhadap Keterampilan Menulis teks Cerita Fantasi Siswa kelas VII SMP Taruna Sakti Pekanbaru
Authors: Adila Elza , Septyanti Elvrin , Putri Tria 
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujan untuk mengetahui keefektifan media gambar seri dalam pembelajaran menuis teks cerita fantasi. Penelitia ini dilaksanakan di kelas VII Siliwangi, semester 1, Tahun Pelajaran 2024/2025, SMP Taruna Sakti Pekanbaru. Jenis penelitian ini digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu penelitian eksperimen yang memiliki kelas kontrol pada penelitian. Penelitian eksperimen digunakan untuk mengetahui keefektifan media gambar seri dengan menggunakan desain penelitian pretest-posttest control grup design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa Siliwangi 1 dan Siliwangi 2 masing-masing kelas 21 siswa. Sampel dalam penelitian ini diambil dari dua kelas yakni Kelas Siliwangi 1 kelas kontrol dan Siliwangi 2 kelas eksperimen. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes unjuk kerja. Teknik analisis data hipotesis terlebih dahulu uji normalitas Shapiro-Wilk dan uji homogenitas, tes menggunakan uji Wilcoxon. Hasil pengujian kedua sampel berasal dari populasi yang berdistribusi tidak normal tetapi berdistribusi homogen, dengan demikian penelitian memberikan perlakuan kepada kedua sampel. Dari hasil analisis data diperoleh nilai rata-rata hasil belajar siswa yang diberi perlakuan menggunakan media gambar seri 83,952 sedangkan pada kelas kontrol yang diberi perlakuan pembelajaran yang tidak menggunakan media gambar seri adalah 71,952. Uji hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji Wilcoxon, dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh nilai bahwa Asymp.Sig (2-tailed) bernilai 0,00. Karena nilai 0,00 0,05 maka H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa media gambar seri efektif terhadap pembelajaran menulis cerita fantasi pada siswa kelas VII SMP Taruna Sakti Pekanbaru.
Psikologi Pendidikan Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus: Membangun Lingkungan Belajar yang Responsif
Authors: Misnaini Misnaini , Lestari Yuliana Intan 
Published: December 2024

Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus (ABK) adalah individu yang memerlukan pendidikan dan layanan khusus untuk mengembangkan potensi kemanusiaan mereka secara optimal. Definisi ABK mencakup anak-anak dengan karakteristik yang berbeda dari anak-anak pada umumnya, baik secara fisik, mental, sosial, maupun emosional. ABK terdiri dari berbagai kelompok seperti tunanetra, tunarungu, tunagrahita, dan anak dengan hambatan motorik, perilaku, serta emosi. Selain itu, anak-anak berbakat juga termasuk dalam kategori ABK karena membutuhkan penanganan khusus. Perbedaan ini menuntut adanya layanan pendidikan khusus yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan masing-masing anak. Studi ini menggunakan metodologi kualitatif dengan fokus pada literatur, data diperoleh dengan memahami dan mempelajari teori-teori dari berbagai literatur yang relevan dengan penelitian. Tujuan utama pendidikan untuk ABK adalah memberikan dukungan agar mereka dapat mencapai potensi mereka secara maksimal dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan. Pendekatan inklusi dalam pendidikan ABK, dengan program Individualized Educational Program (IEP), memainkan peran penting dalam membantu anak-anak ini berinteraksi sosial dan berkembang secara akademis.