bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On estimating the predictability of human mobility: the role of routine
Authors: Teixeira Douglas do Couto , Almeida Jussara M. , Viana Aline Carneiro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGiven the difficulties in predicting human behavior, one may wish to establish bounds on our ability to accurately perform such predictions. In the case of mobility-related behavior, there exists a fundamental technique to estimate the predictability of an individual’s mobility, as expressed in a given dataset. Although useful in several scenarios, this technique focused on human mobility as a monolithic entity, which poses challenges to understanding different types of behavior that may be hard to predict. In this paper, we propose to study predictability in terms of two components of human mobility: routine and novelty, where routine is related to preferential returns, and novelty is related to exploration. Viewing one’s mobility in terms of these two components allows us to identify important patterns about the predictability of one’s mobility.Additionally, we argue that mobility behavior in the novelty component is hard to predict if we rely on the history of visited locations (as the predictability technique does), and therefore we here focus on analyzing what affects the predictability of one’s routine. To that end, we propose a technique that allows us to (i) quantify the effect of novelty on predictability, and (ii) gauge how much one’s routine deviates from a reference routine that is completely predictable, therefore estimating the amount of hard-to-predict behavior in one’s routine. Finally, we rely on previously proposed metrics, as well as a newly proposed one, to understand what affects the predictability of a person’s routine. Our experiments show that our metrics are able to capture most of the variability in one’s routine (adjusted $R^{2}$

R
2

of up to 84.9% and 96.0% on a GPS and CDR datasets, respectively), and that routine behavior can be largely explained by three types of patterns: (i) stationary patterns, in which a person stays in her current location for a given time period, (ii) regular visits, in which people visit a few preferred locations with occasional visits to other places, and (iii) diversity of trajectories, in which people change the order in which they visit certain locations.
Dynamical phenomena in complex networks: fundamentals and applications
Authors: Yanchuk Serhiy , Roque Antonio C. , Macau Elbert E. N. , Kurths Jürgen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis special issue presents a series of 33 contributions in the area of dynamical networks and their applications. Part of the contributions is devoted to theoretical and methodological aspects of dynamical networks, such as collective dynamics of excitable systems, spreading processes, coarsening, synchronization, delayed interactions, and others. A particular focus is placed on applications to neuroscience and Earth science, especially functional climate networks. Among the highlights, various methods for dealing with noise and stochastic processes in neuroscience are presented. A method for constructing weighted networks with arbitrary topologies from a single dynamical node with delayed feedback is introduced. Also, a generalization of the concept of geodesic distances, a path-integral formulation of network-based measures is developed, which provides fundamental insights into the dynamics of disease transmission. The contributions from the Earth science application field substantiate predictive power of climate networks to study challenging Earth processes and phenomena.
Trend Analysis of Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens Causing Neonatal Sepsis at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Jemal Mohabaw , Tinshku Fetene , Nigussie Yeshwas , Kefyalew Birhanetinsae , Alemu Chalie , Belay Martha , Belachew Teshome , Ayelegn Birhanu 
Published: September 2021

Background. Neonatal sepsis is the most common cause of mortality and morbidity. It is a major global public health challenge, particularly in developing countries. Therefore, knowing the current status of bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial resistance profile is essential to physicians and health workers to implement appropriate intervention. The aims of this study was to assess a ten-year trend of bacterial prevalence isolates from blood culture among neonates (<1 month of age). Method. A hospital-based retrospective study was conducted on 1854 neonatal patients who were admitted at University of Gondar Specialized Comprehensive Hospital between 2010 and 2020. Sociodemographical and laboratory data were collected from medical records. Quality of the data was assured through standard operational procedures. Data were entered and analysed using SPSS version 20. Bivariate analysis was employed to determine strings of association between the outcome variable and sociodemographic variables. A

P

value less than 0.05 will be considered to be statically significant. Results. In a total of 1854 patients, 538 (29%) were culture positive. The overall neonatal sepsis infection rate was 287 (53.5%) for male and 249 (46.5%) for female. The highest proportion of neonatal sepsis infection rate was observed among the patients in the age range between 3 and 28 days and gestational at birth <37 weeks, 461(86%) and 278 (52%), respectively. Gestational at birth (

P

≤ 0.001, AOR = 5.81, CI: 4.63–7.29) is significantly associated with bacterial isolates. The predominant pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus, 18 (76.6%), Klebsiella pneumoniae, 146 (38%), and E. coli, 45 (11.7%) among the age range less than one weak. Klebsiella spp, S. aureus, and E. coli showed a high level of resistance to most tested antimicrobials. Amikacin, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, and erythromycin were the most effective antibiotics whereas ampicillin, amoxicillin, and cotrimoxazole were the least effective antibiotics for isolates. Conclusion. Neonatal sepsis infection is common in the 3–28 days of age range. S. aureus, E. coli, and K. pneumonia were the most common isolates. Most the bacterial pathogens were resistant to commonly prescribed antibiotics. Therefore, an antimicrobial sensitivity test for bacterial isolates is recommended to provide updated data for the physician in choosing the appropriate antibiotic for better patient treatment outcome.
A Novel Visually Guided Radiofrequency Balloon Ablation Catheter for Pulmonary Vein Isolation: One-Year Outcomes of the Multicenter AF-FICIENT I Trial
Authors: Reddy Vivek Y. , Al-Ahmad Amin , Aidietis Audrius , Daly Matthew , Melton Iain , Hu Yan , Sulkin Matthew , Rackauskas Gediminas , Ebner Adrian , Hooks Darren A. , Sofi Aamir , Neužil Petr , Crozier Ian G. 
Published: September 2021

Background:
A multielectrode saline-irrigated radiofrequency (RF) balloon catheter with an integrated camera system was designed to perform single-shot pulmonary vein (PV) isolation. To optimize ablation, simultaneous circumferential RF energy can be delivered, albeit with power output that is tailored to individual electrodes based on direct visualization of tissue-electrode contact. In a first-in-human multicenter clinical trial, we studied the feasibility, performance, safety, and efficacy of PV isolation using this novel ablation catheter to treat atrial fibrillation.

Methods:
AF-FICIENT-I was a prospective, 5-center, single-arm study. After transseptal puncture, the RF balloon was positioned over the wire at each pulmonary (PV) ostium using a 13.3F sheath. RF energy was titrated based on visual contact (6–10 W; up to 60 seconds per ablation). Electrical PV isolation was confirmed using either, (1) sensing mini-electrodes situated on the RF balloon itself or (2) a circular mapping catheter. Patients were clinically assessed for recurrent atrial arrhythmias lasting >30 s over 12 months, after a 3-month blanking period.

Results:
Six operators performed de novo PV isolation in 99 patients (95 paroxysmal/4 persistent; age, 58±11; men, 67.7%). Median times, including procedure, fluoroscopy, ablation (time from first RF to last RF application), and balloon (time elapsing between catheter introduction to removal from the body) times, were 85 (interquartile range, 62–118), 14 (interquartile range, 9–23), 31 (interquartile range, 20–53), and 43 minutes (interquartile range, 32–70), respectively. The 12-month Kaplan-Meier estimates of freedom from any atrial arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, or atrial tachycardia) or atrial fibrillation alone were 77.5% (95% CI, 67.6%–84.7%) and 84.1% (95% CI, 74.9%–90.1%), respectively. There were no device-related serious adverse events.

Conclusions:
The novel RF balloon catheter allowed visually guided, directional titration of ablative energy to safely isolate PVs with short procedure times.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.anzctr.org.au
; Unique identifier: ACTRN12615001340527.
Recovery of Conduction Following High-Power Short-Duration Ablation in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Mohanty Sanghamitra , Trivedi Chintan , Della Rocca Domenico G. , Gianni Carola , MacDonald Bryan , Quintero Mayedo Angel , Al-Ahmad Amin , Burkhardt John D. , Bassiouny Mohamed , Gallinghouse G. Joseph , Horton Rodney , Di Biase Luigi , Natale Andrea 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Optimal duration of energy delivery in high-power short-duration (HPSD) ablation to create a durable lesion in atrial fibrillation (AF) is not clear yet. We evaluated the association of electrical reconnection with lesion duration in HPSD-ablation.

Methods:
HPSD ablation was defined as maximum temperature at 42 °C and power delivery at 45 W for 10 to 15 seconds (5 seconds in coronary sinus [CS] and left atrial posterior wall [LAPW] near the esophagus). In some patients, a mechanical tool was used to deflect the esophagus away from the ablation site.

Results:

Consecutive 1749 patients with AF (left atrial appendage and CS isolation: 1451) receiving redo ablation after a prior HPSD procedure were included. At the HPSD ablation, mean duration of lesion was significantly shorter in the LAPW facing esophagus compared with elsewhere (5.2±1.5 versus 12.5±1.7 seconds,
P
<0.001). Application duration was reduced to <10 seconds in 1221 (84%) patients receiving left atrial appendage and CS isolation. At the redo, recovery of conduction was noted in the CS (592, 40.8%), left atrial appendage (493, 34%), and PV and LAPW (249, 14.2%). Of the 249 patients with LAPW reconnection, 91% (n=227) had the conduction recovered in the area facing the esophagus. In 73 patients, esophageal displacement device was used during the HPSD ablation. Average duration of lesions in LAPW among those 73 patients was 9.2±2 seconds. PV-LAPW reconnection was observed in 3/73 (4.1%) patients.

Conclusions:
HPSD ablation with lesion duration of <10 seconds was associated with conduction recovery in the left atrial appendage, CS, and the LAPW area facing esophagus.
Three‐Dimensional Global Left Ventricular Myocardial Strain Reduced in All Directions in Subclinical Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ghoreyshi‐Hefzabad Seyed‐Mohammad , Jeyaprakash Prajith , Gupta Alpa , Vo Ha Q. , Pathan Faraz , Negishi Kazuaki 
Published: September 2021

Background
Three‐dimensional (3D) speckle tracking echocardiography can identify subclinical diabetic cardiomyopathy without geometric assumption and loss of speckle from out‐of‐plane motions. There is, however, significant heterogeneity among the previous reports. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to compare 3D strain values between adults with asymptomatic, subclinical diabetes mellitus (ie, patients with diabetes mellitus without known clinical manifestations of cardiac disease) and healthy controls.

Methods and Results

After systematic review of 5 databases, 12 valid studies (544 patients with diabetes mellitus and 489 controls) were eligible for meta‐analysis. Pooled means and mean difference (MD) using a random‐effects model for 3D global longitudinal, circumferential, radial, and area strain were calculated. Patients with diabetes mellitus had an overall 2.31 percentage points lower 3D global longitudinal strain than healthy subjects (16.6%, 95% CI, 15.7–17.6 versus 19.0; 95% CI, 18.2–19.7; MD, −2.31, 95% CI, −2.72 to −2.03). Similarly, 3D global circumferential strain (18.9%; 95% CI, 17.5–20.3 versus 20.5; 95% CI, 18.9–22.1; MD, −1.50; 95% CI, −2.09 to −0.91); 3D global radial strain (44.6%; 95% CI, 40.2–49.1 versus 48.2; 95% CI, 44.7–51.8; MD, −3.47; 95% CI, −4.98 to −1.97), and 3D global area strain (30.5%; 95% CI, 29.2–31.8 versus 32.4; 95% CI, 30.5–34.3; MD, −1.76; 95% CI, −2.74 to −0.78) were also lower in patients with diabetes mellitus. Significant heterogeneity was noted between studies for all strain directions (inconsistency factor [I
2
], 37%–78%). Meta‐regression in subgroup analysis of studies using the most popular vendor found higher prevalence of hypertension as a significant contributor to worse 3D global longitudinal strain. Higher hemoglobulin A
1c
was the most significant contributor to worse 3D global circumferential strain in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Conclusions

Three‐dimensional myocardial strain was reduced in all directions in asymptomatic diabetic patients. Hypertension and hemoglobin A
1c
were associated with worse 3D global longitudinal strain and 3D global circumferential strain, respectively.

Registration

URL:
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero
; unique identifier: CRD42020197825.
Enhanced Heart Failure in Redox‐Dead Cys17Ser PKARIα Knock‐In Mice
Authors: Islam M. M. Towhidul , Tarnowski Daniel , Zhang Min , Trum Maximilian , Lebek Simon , Mustroph Julian , Daniel Henriette , Moellencamp Johanna , Pabel Steffen , Sossalla Samuel , El‐Armouche Ali , Nikolaev Viacheslav O. , Shah Ajay M. , Eaton Philip , Maier Lars S. , Sag Can Martin , Wagner Stefan 
Published: September 2021

Background
PKARIα (protein kinase A type I‐α regulatory subunit) is redox‐active independent of its physiologic agonist cAMP. However, it is unknown whether this alternative mechanism of PKARIα activation may be of relevance to cardiac excitation–contraction coupling.

Methods and Results

We used a redox‐dead transgenic mouse model with homozygous knock‐in replacement of redox‐sensitive cysteine 17 with serine within the regulatory subunits of PKARIα (KI). Reactive oxygen species were acutely evoked by exposure of isolated cardiac myocytes to AngII (angiotensin II, 1 µmol/L). The long‐term relevance of oxidized PKARIα was investigated in KI mice and their wild‐type (WT) littermates following transverse aortic constriction (TAC). AngII increased reactive oxygen species in both groups but with RIα dimer formation in WT only. AngII induced translocation of PKARI to the cell membrane and resulted in protein kinase A–dependent stimulation of
I
Ca
(L‐type Ca current) in WT with no effect in KI myocytes. Consequently, Ca transients were reduced in KI myocytes as compared with WT cells following acute AngII exposure. Transverse aortic constriction–related reactive oxygen species formation resulted in RIα oxidation in WT but not in KI mice. Within 6 weeks after TAC, KI mice showed an enhanced deterioration of contractile function and impaired survival compared with WT. In accordance, compared with WT, ventricular myocytes from failing KI mice displayed significantly reduced Ca transient amplitudes and lack of
I
Ca
stimulation. Conversely, direct pharmacological stimulation of
I
Ca
using Bay K8644 rescued Ca transients in AngII‐treated KI myocytes and contractile function in failing KI mice in vivo.

Conclusions

Oxidative activation of PKARIα with subsequent stimulation of
I
Ca
preserves cardiac function in the setting of acute and chronic oxidative stress.
The Stockholm Stroke Triage Project: Outcomes of Endovascular Thrombectomy Before and After Triage Implementation
Authors: Keselman Boris , Berglund Annika , Ahmed Niaz , Bottai Matteo , von Euler Mia , Holmin Staffan , Laska Ann-Charlotte , Mathé Jan M. , Sjöstrand Christina , Eriksson Einar E. , Mazya Michael V. 
Published: September 2021

Background and Purpose:
The Stockholm Stroke Triage System (SSTS) is a prehospital algorithm for detection of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT)-eligible patients, combining symptom severity assessment and ambulance-to-hospital teleconsultation, leading to a decision on primary stroke center bypass. In the Stockholm Region (6 primary stroke centers, 1 EVT center), SSTS implementation in October 2017 reduced onset-to-EVT time by 69 minutes. We compared clinical outcomes before and after implementation of SSTS in an observational study.

Methods:
We prospectively recruited patients transported by Code Stroke ambulance within the Stockholm region under the SSTS, treated with EVT during October 2017 to October 2019, and compared to EVT patients from 2 previous years. Outcomes: shift in modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores, mRS score 0 to 1, mRS score 0 to 2, and death (all 3 months), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score change 24-hour post-EVT, recanalization (Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 2b-3), and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. mRS outcomes were adjusted for age and baseline NIHSS.

Results:

Patients with EVT in the SSTS group (n=244) were older and had higher baseline NIHSS versus historical controls (n=187): median age 74 (interquartile range, 63–81) versus 71 (61–78); NIHSS score 17 (11.5–21) versus 15 (10–20). During SSTS, median onset-to-puncture time was 136 versus 205 minutes (
P
<0.001). Adjusted common odds ratio for lower mRS in SSTS patients was 1.7 (95% CI, 1.2–2.3) versus controls. During SSTS, 83/240 (34.6%) versus 44/186 (23.7%) reached 3-month mRS score 0 to 1 (
P
=0.014), adjusted common odds ratio 2.3 (95% CI, 1.4–3.6). Median NIHSS change 24-hour post-EVT was 6 versus 4 (
P
=0.005). Differences in Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and death were nonsignificant.

Conclusions:
With an onset to arterial puncture time reduction by 69 minutes, outcomes in thrombectomy-treated patients improved significantly after region-wide large artery occlusion triage system implementation. These results warrant replication studies in other geographic and organizational circumstances.
Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Treatment Mediates Mortality in Patients With Intracerebral Hemorrhage With Impaired Consciousness
Authors: Alkhachroum Ayham , Bustillo Antonio J. , Asdaghi Negar , Marulanda-Londono Erika , Gutierrez Carolina M. , Samano Daniel , Sobczak Evie , Foster Dianne , Kottapally Mohan , Merenda Amedeo , Koch Sebastian , Romano Jose G. , O’Phelan Kristine , Claassen Jan , Sacco Ralph L. , Rundek Tatjana 
Published: September 2021

Background and Purpose:
Impaired level of consciousness (LOC) on presentation at hospital admission in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) may affect outcomes and the decision to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining treatment (WOLST).

Methods:
Patients with ICH were included across 121 Florida hospitals participating in the Florida Stroke Registry from 2010 to 2019. We studied the effect of LOC on presentation on in-hospital mortality (primary outcome), WOLST, ambulation status on discharge, hospital length of stay, and discharge disposition.

Results:

Among 37 613 cases with ICH (mean age 71, 46% women, 61% White, 20% Black, 15% Hispanic), 12 272 (33%) had impaired LOC at onset. Compared with cases with preserved LOC, patients with impaired LOC were older (72 versus 70 years), more women (49% versus 45%), more likely to have aphasia (38% versus 16%), had greater ICH score (3 versus 1), greater risk of WOLST (41% versus 18%), and had an increased in-hospital mortality (32% versus 12%). In the multivariable-logistic regression with generalized estimating equations accounting for basic demographics, comorbidities, ICH severity, hospital size and teaching status, impaired LOC was associated with greater mortality (odds ratio, 3.7 [95% CI, 3.1–4.3],
P
<0.0001) and less likely discharged home or to rehab (odds ratio, 0.3 [95% CI, 0.3–0.4],
P
<0.0001). WOLST significantly mediated the effect of impaired LOC on mortality (mediation effect, 190 [95% CI, 152–229],
P
<0.0001). Early WOLST (<2 days) occurred among 51% of patients. A reduction in early WOLST was observed in patients with impaired LOC after the 2015 American Heart Association/American Stroke Association ICH guidelines recommending aggressive treatment and against early do-not-resuscitate.

Conclusions:
In this large multicenter stroke registry, a third of ICH cases presented with impaired LOC. Impaired LOC was associated with greater in-hospital mortality and worse disposition at discharge, largely influenced by early decision to withhold or WOLST.
Role of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Gradient Within Diffusion Lesions in Outcomes of Large Stroke After Thrombectomy
Authors: Gwak Dong-Seok , Choi WooChan , Shim Dong-Hyun , Kim Yong-Won , Kang Dong-Hun , Son Wonsoo , Hwang Yang-Ha 
Published: September 2021

Background and Purpose:
The outcome of endovascular treatment in stroke patients with a large ischemic core is not always satisfactory. We evaluated whether the severity of baseline diffusion-weighted imaging abnormalities, as assessed by different apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) thresholds, correlates with the clinical outcome in these patients after successful endovascular treatment.

Methods:

In 82 consecutive patients with a large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation admitted ≤24 hours after onset, a baseline diffusion lesion volume (ADC ≤620×10
−6
mm
2
/s [ADC
620
]) ≥50 mL and successful recanalization by endovascular treatment were retrospectively investigated. Lesion volumes of 3 ADC thresholds (ADC
620
, ADC ≤520×10
−6
mm
2
/s [ADC
520
], and ADC ≤540×10
−6
mm
2
/s [ADC
540
]) were measured using an automated Olea software program. The performance of the ADC
520
/ADC
620
and ADC
540
/ADC
620
ratios in predicting the functional outcome was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The ADC ratio with optimal threshold showing better receiver operating characteristic performance was dichotomized at its median value into low versus high subgroup and its association with the outcome subsequently evaluated in a multivariable logistic regression model.

Results:

The median baseline diffusion lesion volume was 80.8 mL (interquartile range, 64.4–105.4). A good functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score, ≤2) was achieved in 35 patients (42.7%). The optimal threshold for predicting the functional outcome was identified as ADC
540
/ADC
620
(area under the curve, 0.833) and dichotomized at 0.674. After adjusting for age, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator, baseline diffusion lesion volume, and onset-to-recanalization time, a low ADC
540
/ADC
620
was independently associated with a good functional outcome (adjusted odds ratio, 10.72 [95% CI, 3.06–37.50];
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:

A low ADC
540
/ADC
620
, which may reflect less severe ischemic stress inside a diffusion lesion, may help to identify patients who would benefit from endovascular treatment despite having a large ischemic core.