bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Paleozoic supradetachment basin configuration in the southwestern Barents Sea—Intrabasement seismic facies of the Fingerdjupet Subbasin
Authors: Gresseth Julie L. S. , Braathen Alvar , Serck Christopher S. , Faleide Jan Inge , Osmundsen Per Terje 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLate to post‐Caledonian, Devonian extension remains unresolved in the SW Barents Sea, despite considerable knowledge from onshore Norway, East Greenland and Svalbard. We analyse intrabasement seismic facies in high‐resolution 3D and reprocessed 2D data to investigate evidence for Caledonian deformation and post‐Caledonian detachment faulting in the central SW Barents Sea. These results are compared to published potential field models and analogue field studies from onshore Svalbard and Bjørnøya, substantiating that structures inherited from post‐orogenic extension influenced the Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic basin evolution. The Late Paleozoic Fingerdjupet Subbasin is underlain by a NNE‐striking, ESE‐dipping extensional detachment fault that records a minimum eastwards displacement of 22 km. The detachment fault and associated shear zone(s) separate post‐orogenic metamorphic core complexes from the syn‐tectonic deposits of a presumed Devonian supradetachment basin. Spatial variability in isostatically induced doming likely governed Devonian basin configurations. Pronounced footwall corrugations and faults splaying from the detachment indicate eastward extensional transport. This ultimately led to two interacting but subsequent, east‐stepping detachments. Local reactivation of the detachment systems controlled the extent of Carboniferous carbonate and evaporite basins in the Bjarmeland Platform area. Further, the Mesozoic Terningen Fault Complex and Randi Fault Set testify to how the inherited Devonian structural template continued to control spatial localisation and extent of rift structures during subsequent periods of extensional faulting in the Fingerdjupet Subbasin.
Efficacy and safety of standard of care with/without bevacizumab for platinum‐resistant ovarian/fallopian tube/peritoneal cancer previously treated with bevacizumab: The Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group study JGOG3023
Authors: Shoji Tadahiro , Enomoto Takayuki , Abe Masakazu , Okamoto Aikou , Nagasawa Takayuki , Oishi Tetsuro , Nagase Satoru , Mori Masahiko , Inokuchi Yuki , Kamiura Shoji , Komiyama Shinichi , Takeshima Nobuhiro , Sugiyama Toru 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe investigated the efficacy and safety of further bevacizumab therapy in patients with platinum‐resistant ovarian cancer whose disease had progressed after bevacizumab plus chemotherapy. In this multicenter, open‐label, phase II trial (JGOG3023), patients were randomized 1:1 to a single‐agent chemotherapy alone (either pegylated liposomal doxorubicin [40 or 50 mg/m2 administered intravenously], topotecan [1.25 mg/m2 intravenously], paclitaxel [80 mg/m2 intravenously], or gemcitabine [1000 mg/m2 intravenously]) or single‐agent chemotherapy + bevacizumab (15 mg/m2 intravenously). The primary endpoint was investigator‐assessed progression‐free survival (PFS) according to RECIST version 1.1. Secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), and response rate according to Gynecological Cancer Intergroup cancer antigen 125 criteria. In total, 103 patients were allocated to chemotherapy (n = 51) or chemotherapy + bevacizumab (n = 52). Median investigator‐assessed PFS was 3.1 and 4.0 mo in each group, respectively (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.32‐0.90, P = .0082). Median OS was 11.3 and 15.3 mo in each group, respectively (HR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.38‐1.17, P = .1556). Respective ORRs were 13.7% and 25.0% (P = .0599) and response rates were 16.7% and 21.4% (P = .8273). The incidence of grade ≥3 treatment‐related AEs was 42.0% in the chemotherapy group and 54.9% in the chemotherapy + bevacizumab group; AEs were well tolerated, with only 2 and 12 events leading to discontinuation of therapy, respectively. Bevacizumab was effective beyond progressive disease and AEs were manageable. The observed improvement in PFS requires further verification.
Alteration of the immune environment in bone marrow from children with recurrent B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Mikami Takashi , Kato Itaru , Wing James Badger , Ueno Hiroo , Tasaka Keiji , Tanaka Kuniaki , Kubota Hirohito , Saida Satoshi , Umeda Katsutsugu , Hiramatsu Hidefumi , Isobe Tomoya , Hiwatari Mitsuteru , Okada Ai , Chiba Kenichi , Shiraishi Yuichi , Tanaka Hiroko , Miyano Satoru , Arakawa Yuki , Oshima Koichi , Koh Katsuyoshi , Adachi Souichi , Iwaisako Keiko , Ogawa Seishi , Sakaguchi Shimon , Takita Junko 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDue to the considerable success of cancer immunotherapy for leukemia, the tumor immune environment has become a focus of intense research; however, there are few reports on the dynamics of the tumor immune environment in leukemia. Here, we analyzed the tumor immune environment in pediatric B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia by analyzing serial bone marrow samples from nine patients with primary and recurrent disease by mass cytometry using 39 immunophenotype markers, and transcriptome analysis. High‐dimensional single‐cell mass cytometry analysis elucidated a dynamic shift of T cells from naïve to effector subsets, and clarified that, during relapse, the tumor immune environment comprised a T helper 1‐polarized immune profile, together with an increased number of effector regulatory T cells. These results were confirmed in a validation cohort using conventional flow cytometry. Furthermore, RNA transcriptome analysis identified the upregulation of immune‐related pathways in B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells during relapse, suggesting interaction with the surrounding environment. In conclusion, a tumor immune environment characterized by a T helper 1‐polarized immune profile, with an increased number of effector regulatory T cells, could contribute to the pathophysiology of recurrent B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This information could contribute to the development of effective immunotherapeutic approaches against B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia relapse.
Merkel cell polyomavirus–negative Merkel cell carcinoma is associated with JAK‐STAT and MEK‐ERK pathway activation
Authors: Iwasaki Takeshi , Hayashi Kazuhiko , Matsushita Michiko , Nonaka Daisuke , Kohashi Kenichi , Kuwamoto Satoshi , Umekita Yoshihisa , Oda Yoshinao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMerkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is monoclonally integrated into the genomes of approximately 80% of Merkel cell carcinomas (MCCs). While the presence of MCPyV affects the clinicopathological features of MCC, the molecular mechanisms of MCC pathogenesis after MCPyV infection are unclear. This study investigates the association between MCPyV infection and activation of the MEK‐ERK and JAK‐STAT signaling pathways in MCC to identify new molecular targets for MCC treatment. The clinicopathological characteristics of 30 MCPyV‐positive and 20 MCPyV‐negative MCC cases were analyzed. The phosphorylation status of MEK, ERK, JAK, and STAT was determined by immunohistochemical analysis. The activation status of the MEK‐ERK and JAK‐STAT pathways and the effects of a JAK inhibitor (ruxolitinib) was analyzed in MCC cell lines. Immunohistochemically, the expression of pJAK2 (P = .038) and pERK1/2 (P = .019) was significantly higher in MCPyV‐negative than in MCPyV‐positive MCCs. Male gender (hazard ratio [HR] 2.882, P = .039), older age (HR 1.137, P < .001), negative MCPyV status (HR 0.324, P = .013), and advanced cancer stage (HR 2.672, P = .041) were identified as unfavorable prognostic factors; however, the phosphorylation states of JAK2, STAT3, MEK1/2, and ERK1/2 were unrelated to the prognosis. The inhibition of cell proliferation by ruxolitinib was greater in MCPyV‐negative MCC cell lines than in an MCPyV‐positive MCC cell line. The expression of pERK1/2 and pMEK was higher in MCPyV‐negative than in MCPyV‐positive cell lines. These results suggest that activation of the JAK2 and MEK‐ERK pathways was more prevalent in MCPyV‐negative than in MCPyV‐positive MCC and the JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib inhibited MEK‐ERK pathway activation. Consequently, the JAK‐STAT and MEK‐ERK signaling pathways may be potential targets for MCPyV‐negative MCC treatment.
Technical aspects of the use of cytopathological specimens for diagnosis and predictive testing in malignant epithelial neoplasms of the lung
Authors: Maddox Anthony , Smart Louise M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLung cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide but recent years have seen a rapidly rising proportion of cases of advanced non‐small cell carcinoma amenable to increasingly targeted therapy, initially based on the differential response to systemic treatment of tumours of squamous or glandular differentiation. In two‐thirds of the cases, where patients present with advanced disease, both primary pathological diagnosis and biomarker testing is based on small biopsies and cytopathological specimens. The framework of this article is an overview of the technical aspect of each stage of the specimen pathway with emphasis on maximising potential for success when using small cytology samples. It brings together the current literature addressing pre‐analytical and analytical aspects of specimen acquisition, performing rapid onsite evaluation, and undertaking diagnostic and predictive testing using immunocytochemistry and molecular platforms. The advantages and drawbacks of performing analysis on cell block and non‐cell block specimen preparations is discussed.
The many faces of the E3 ubiquitin ligase, RNF220, in neural development and beyond
Authors: Ma Pengcheng , Mao Bingyu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUbiquitin modification plays important roles in many cellular processes that are fundamental for vertebrate embryo development, such as cell division, differentiation, and migration. Aberrant function or deregulation of ubiquitination enzymes can cause developmental disorders, cancer progression, and neurodegenerative diseases in humans. RING finger protein 220 (RNF220) is an evolutionarily conserved RING‐type ubiquitin E3 ligase. Recent studies have revealed the roles and mechanisms of RNF220 and its partner protein, zinc finger C4H2‐type containing protein (ZC4H2), in embryonic development and human diseases. Using mouse and zebrafish models, it has been shown that RNF220 regulates sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling via Gli and embryonic ectoderm development (EED), a polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) component, during ventral neural patterning and cerebellum development. In addition, RNF220 also regulates the development and functions of central noradrenergic and motor neurons in mice. By stabilizing β‐catenin and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), RNF220 is also involved in Wnt and interferon (IFN)–STAT1 signaling and thus the regulation of tumorigenesis and immune response, respectively. In humans, both RNF220 and ZC4H2 mutations have been reported to be associated with diseases accompanied by complicated neural defects. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of RNF220 with special emphasis on its roles and mechanisms of action in signal transduction, vertebrate neural development, and related human disorders.
Dung beetles can sow: the potential of secondary seed dispersers to assist ecological restoration
Authors: Almeida Hernani A. , Antonini Yasmine , Tavares Junior Cláudio , Braga Rodrigo F. , da Silva Pedro G. , Beiroz Wallace 
Published: October 2021

1. Restoration of disturbed environments in which soil surface layers have been removed is challenging and its success depends on the characteristics of the exposed soil layers and neighbour organisms. Dung beetles are important elements in the restoration of degraded habitats as secondary seed dispersers.2. In this study, we first assessed how the removal of upper soil layers affected the assemblage of dung beetle compared to adjacent reference areas without soil removal. We also evaluated the efficiency of dung beetles as secondary seed dispersers by experimentally testing their effect on the germination of wolf apple seeds (Solanum lycocarpum).3. Degraded areas harboured a different dung beetle assemblage compared to the reference area, with a predominance of habitat generalist species. In addition, we found higher abundance and richness of dung beetles in the degraded than in reference areas. Despite dung removal being similar between areas, more seeds were removed in the reference area.4. Dung beetles, especially rollers, positively influenced the probability of wolf apple seed germination in the degraded environment by up to 5%; germination occurred in 27% of treatments with dung beetle presence and no germination occurred when beetles were excluded.5. Therefore, promoting the attraction of dung beetles from reference areas, together with other techniques that enhance primary seed dispersion, mainly by mammals and birds, could potentially increase the success of projects to restore areas with degraded soil.
The impact of persistent social anxiety on social functioning and health‐related quality of life in young people with remitted first‐episode psychosis
Authors: González‐Blanch César , Gleeson John F. , McEnery Carla , O'Sullivan Shaunagh , Ayesa‐Arriola Rosa , D'Alfonso Simon , Valentine Lee , Tremain Hailey , Bell Imogen , Bendall Sarah , Alvarez‐Jimenez Mario 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveComorbid social anxiety is common in psychotic disorders and is associated with multiple negative consequences. However, the long‐term effects of persistent social anxiety versus fluctuating or no anxiety on social functioning and health‐related quality of life (HR‐QoL) have received scant attention. Therefore, we aimed to examine the prevalence of persistent social anxiety to determine its effect on social functioning and HR‐QoL in first‐episode psychosis (FEP).MethodsOne hundred and eight individuals with remitted FEP were classified into three groups (persistent, fluctuating or no social anxiety) according to the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale over an 18‐month follow‐up period. The three groups were then compared at 18 months follow‐up to assess the influence of social anxiety on social functioning and HR‐QoL before and after controlling for confounders.ResultsOf the 108 individuals with FEP, 25 (23.1%) had persistent social anxiety. This group presented lower social functioning and HR‐QoL levels compared to the groups with fluctuating or no anxiety symptoms. The effect on HR‐QoL remained significant after controlling for positive psychotic and depressive symptoms.ConclusionsIn this study, nearly one‐quarter of young people with remitted FEP experienced persistent social anxiety symptoms, which had a negative impact on HR‐QoL. Thus, individuals with persistent social anxiety constitute a highly vulnerable group and may require targeted interventions to improve their social functioning and HR‐QoL.
Effects of a COVID‐19 lockdown‐induced pause and resumption of artificial provisioning on blacktip reef sharks (Carcharhinus melanopterus) and pink whiprays (Pateobatis fai) in French Polynesia (East‐Pacific)
Authors: Séguigne Clémentine , Mourier Johann , Vignaud Thomas , Buray Nicolas , Clua Éric 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe tourism activities linked to artificial provisioning of blacktip reef sharks (Carcharhinus melanopterus) and pink whiprays (Pateobatis fai) on a specific site in French Polynesia were suddenly and completely stopped due to a COVID‐19 lockdown that lasted 6 weeks from March 20 until April 30, 2020. Using both drone footage and underwater counting, we were able to track the abundance of those two species before, during, and after reopening and thus investigate the impact of provisioning on wild shark populations. The absence of any stimulus during this long period resulted in almost total desertion of the site by the elasmobranchs. However, 1 day prior to reopening, some individuals of both species positively reacted to the single acoustic stimulus of an engine boat, showing the resilience of conditioning, and some elasmobranchs reacted to acoustic and olfactive stimuli linked to the provisioning practice from the first day after reopening. During the first 2 weeks after reopening, the abundance of both species remained at reduced levels comparable to those observed between 2008 and 2010 for sharks; i.e., around 9 animals in the presence of local tourists. Pre‐lockdown abundance levels, reaching approximatively 15 individuals for sharks and 10 for rays, were considered restored 1 and 2 months after reopening for blacktip reef sharks and pink whiprays, respectively. These findings improve our capacity to better understand the potential effects of artificial provisioning tourism on the abundance of elasmobranchs by showing that conditioning is resilient for several weeks, suggesting that intermittent interruption of elasmobranchs feeding would not really help to decrease its impact on animal welfare.
The doxa of accountability knowledge: A socioanalysis of accountability research in accounting
Authors: Rana Tarek , Bracci Enrico , Tallaki Mouhcine , Ievoli Riccardo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper offers a systematic reflection on accountability research in accounting literature. It shows the dynamic relationships and networks between the construction of accountability research, academics, and accounting journals. The research involves a systematic review of accountability literature in selected accounting journals, using both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Drawing on Bourdieu's relational sociology for its theoretical and methodological frameworks, the paper constructs a socioanalysis of academic and intellectual capital by categorizing various positions and reputations in relation to accountability scholarship in the field of accounting. It finds that a subtle process of position taking works in both symbolic and material ways through citing and being cited by key authors in this cultural field. The paper develops a general but sociopolitical theoretical approach to the field study of accountability in accounting. The doxa of accountability reflects the cultural capital and the way in which doxa of the accounting field is recognized and valued. The paper argues that the process of cultural production is a dialectic sociopolitical process, which influences authors’ reflections and choices and at the same time is influenced by the network of authors and journals.
Should hedge funds deviate from the benchmark?
Authors: Panopoulou Ekaterini , Voukelatos Nikolaos 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe examine the relationship between deviating from the benchmark and subsequent performance for hedge funds. We propose a simple new measure of benchmark deviations, termed the dispersion contribution index, which is based on a fund's return‐distance from the mean return of same‐style funds. We find that funds which deviate the most from their benchmark tend to underperform relative to their less distinctive peers, after accounting for their risk profile and various fund characteristics. This relative underperformance stems primarily from the higher subsequent risk exposure associated with pursuing a unique strategy. Our results are indicative of risk shifting by fund managers attempting to maximize the value of their compensation contracts.
Barrier disruption, dehydration and inflammation: Investigation of the vicious circle underlying dry skin
Authors: Bize Cécile , Le Gélébart Erwan , Moga Alain , Payré Bruno , Garcia Christine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveMany endogenous or exogenous factors, isolated or combined, can trigger dry skin disorder, leading to a water/lipids‐depleted stratum corneum concomitant with uncomfortable rough and scaly skin surface. In a defensive reaction, the alteration of the skin barrier stimulates the production of cytokines to initiate homeostasis restoration but this can also induce an inflammatory response that further weakens the barrier. The two phenomena intertwining one another lead to the creation of a vicious circle, here called Inflamm'dryness, that maintains dry skin state. It is thus very important to investigate biological mechanisms involved in Inflamm'dryness to better manage dry skin.MethodsA 3D model mimicking dry skin has been developed. Adjustment of tape stripping level allowed to reproduce skin barrier alterations and resulting inflammation involved in dry skin. The effect of Helichrysum stoechas extract on this downward spiral was then investigated to validate the concept.ResultsTape‐stripping permitted to successively remove the cell layers of the stratum corneum: the barrier function was altered and skin was inflamed creating a vicious circle, mimicking very dry skin prone to Inflamm'dryness. Helichrysum stoechas extract was not only able to resolve inflammation but also to reverse concurrently adverse tape‐stripping effects and imparted significant structural and functional recovery of the barrier (e.g. on NMF and ceramides levels, TEWL, tissue organization).ConclusionThis 3D model reproduces Inflamm'dryness vicious circle present in dry skin and highlights the importance of breaking this process to improve dry skin conditions. Helichrysum stoechas extract is a promising active ingredient for the management of dry skin.
Evidence for age‐related contributions of DNA damage and epigenetics in brain tumorigenesis
Authors: Tira Adrian , Buckingham Lela 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant primary brain tumour displaying rapid cell proliferation and infiltration. GBM primarily occurs at older age; however, younger populations have also been affected. In GBM and other cancers, genetic and epigenetic alterations promote tumorigenesis causing increased cell proliferation and invasiveness. This investigation explored epigenetic events as contributing factors, especially in gliomas that arise in patients aged 40‐60 years. Furthermore, DNA damage in tumours with respect to age was assessed. Archival fixed tissues from 88 cases of glioblastoma and adjacent non‐malignant tissues were tested. Global methylation and DNA damage were measured using ELISA detection of 5‐methyl cytosine and 8‐hydroxy guanine, respectively. IDH mutations and CDKN2 promoter hypermethylation were analysed by pyrosequencing. Tumour tissue was hypomethylated compared with non‐malignant tissue (P = .001), and there was a trend towards increased methylation with increasing age. There was a significant increase in DNA damage in patients older than forty years compared with those aged forty years or younger (P = .035). CDKN2 promoter methylation levels followed the age trends of global methylation in this patient group. Patients younger than 60 had more frequently mutated IDH (P = .004). Conclusions: The data support the potential of epigenetic factors in promoting tumorigenesis in younger patients, while increased DNA damage contributes to tumorigenesis in the older patients.