bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metastatic Foci of Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma in a Tubular Adenoma of the Colon
Authors: Bismar Tarek A. , Maluf Horacio , Wang Hanlin L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We describe a case of adenomatous polyp of the colon that harbored small foci of signet ring cell carcinoma. The patient was a 64-year-old woman with end-stage renal disease and sepsis who underwent colonoscopy to evaluate the possibility of pseudomembranous colitis. A polyp was found incidentally in the right colon and a biopsy was performed. Histologic examination of the polyp revealed typical features of tubular adenoma without evidence of high-grade dysplasia. However, 2 small foci of signet ring cell carcinoma were identified that infiltrated the lamina propria. In contrast to adenomatous epithelium, the signet ring cells were immunohistochemically positive for cytokeratin 7 and negative for cytokeratin 20, suggesting a metastasis rather than a primary tumor. Multiple random biopsies from the right and left colon, as well as the ileum, exhibited no histologic evidence of malignancy. Subsequently, signet ring cell carcinoma with similar morphology and identical immunophenotype was detected in biopsies from the endometrium, an unusual location for primary signet ring cell carcinoma. Preliminary workup excluded the breast as a possible primary site, but further investigation was not possible because of the patient's death with no autopsy granted. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma to an adenomatous polyp of the colon. This case illustrates the necessity of submitting all polyps entirely and the importance of examining them carefully.
Lymphangioma of the Pancreas With “Ovarian-like” Mesenchymal Stroma: A Case Report With Emphasis on Histogenesis
Authors: Gui Lizhen , Bigler Steven A. , Subramony Charu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Pancreatic lymphangiomas, which occur predominantly in women, are rare and account for only 1% of all lymphangiomas. The characteristic histologic features include multiple cysts lined by endothelial cells, irregularly distributed smooth muscle cells, and lymphoid aggregates in the wall of the cyst. We describe a 36-year-old woman with lymphangioma of the pancreas with “ovarian-like” mesenchymal stroma in the wall. This stroma, composed of uncommitted mesenchymal cells, has not been described previously in the wall of pancreatic lymphangiomas. Multiple small lymphatic channels that are found in this stroma recapitulate the development of lymphatic channels in the embryo. Lymphangioma of the pancreas may arise from distension of these lymphatic channels. Pancreatic lymphangioma may, therefore, be a developmental anomaly rather than a true neoplasm.
Allelic Losses in Oligodendroglial and Oligodendroglioma-like Neoplasms: Analysis Using Microsatellite Repeats and Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Johnson Mahlon D. , Vnencak-Jones Cindy L. , Toms Steven A. , Moots Paul M. , Weil Robert 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context.—Oligodendroglial tumors are heterogenous neoplasms with histologic features shared with other central nervous system tumors, such as dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors.
Objective.—We examined a series of tumors, identified as possessing oligodendroglial components at the time of intraoperative examination, to see if molecular subsets based on the oligodendroglial component could be recognized.
Design.—DNA was extracted from fresh brain tumor tissue and corresponding peripheral blood or normal tissues. Genotypes for multiple loci were determined by polymerase chain reaction amplification using fluorescent-labeled primers for markers on chromosomes 1p, 17p, and 19q.
Results.—Of the 12 oligodendrogliomas, 6 (60%) of 10 informative cases for 1p exhibited loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Six (50%) of 12 informative cases for 19q exhibited LOH. Each case also showed LOH at 1p. Three (25%) of 12 informative cases exhibited LOH at 17p for the dinucleotide repeat within the TP53 gene. In oligoastrocytomas, none of 4 informative cases showed LOH at 1p, 1 (25%) showed LOH at 19q, and 2 (50%) at 17p. One case also displayed microsatellite instability at 3 of 8 markers. In the 3 anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, 1 was not informative for 1p and none of the informative tumors exhibited LOH at 1p or 17p; 1 case (33%) exhibited LOH at 19q. Of the 14 informative anaplastic oligoastrocytomas, LOH was seen in 5 (36%) at both 1p and 19q and in 2 (14%) at 17p. Those with allelic loss at TP53 were astrocytoma predominant. No dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors exhibited LOH at any marker on 1p, 17p, or 19q.
Conclusions.—These findings suggest that routine screening for allelic losses, in samples intraoperatively determined to have an oligodendroglial component, will reveal prognostically or therapeutically relevant information in the majority of cases.
Autopsy-Based Assessment of Extent and Type of Osteomyelitis in Advanced-Grade Sacral Decubitus Ulcers: A Histopathologic Study
Authors: Türk Elizabeth E. , Tsokos Michael , Delling G. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context.—Decubitus ulcers constitute a serious medical problem, often encountered in association with hospitalization or institutionalization in senior citizens' or nursing homes. Potentially life-threatening sepsis has been reported to originate not only from soft tissue infection, but also from osteomyelitis as a complication of involvement of bone tissue in decubitus ulcers.
Objective.—To assess the histopathology of osseous structures involved in grade IV decubitus ulcers.
Design.—Autopsy-based histopathologic assessment of the presence and extent of osteomyelitis on os sacrum specimens from 28 deceased individuals with grade IV sacral decubitus ulcers using an undecalcified preparation following plastic embedding (staining with Goldner, Kossa modification, toluidine blue, and Giemsa).
Results.—The histologic findings were classified in 4 types of pathomorphologic changes: type 1, decubitus ulcer confined to soft tissue, no inflammation (n = 7); type 2, decubitus ulcer involving bone, no inflammation (n = 7); type 3, decubitus ulcer involving bone, inflammation of soft tissue, no osteomyelitis (n = 1); and type 4, decubitus ulcer involving bone, presence of osteomyelitis (n = 13). Type 4 changes are further described as follows: type 4a, chronic osteomyelitis alone (n = 6); and type 4b, chronic and acute osteomyelitic changes (n = 7). More than half of the cases (n = 15) showed no inflammatory reaction within the medullary cavity (types 1–3). In all cases with osteomyelitis, inflammation was exclusively confined to the superficial parts of the os sacrum. Chronic osteomyelitis was seen in all cases in which osteomyelitis was present. In addition, mild acute osteomyelitic changes were observed in 7 cases. Severe liquefying osteomyelitis affecting deeper layers of the os sacrum was not found. Sepsis was present in 2 cases; in one of these cases, the decubitus ulcer was considered a possible source of infection.
Conclusions.—Our results provide evidence that in cases of grade IV decubitus ulcers, the macroscopic aspect and clinical imaging techniques may lead to an overestimation of the extent of osseous involvement. We suggest that the investigation of bone biopsies is not necessary in a considerable proportion of cases of grade IV decubitus ulcers in patients without sepsis, as the minor osseous alterations are of little consequence when establishing a therapeutic approach.
Recurrent Amyloidoma of Soft Tissue With Exuberant Giant Cell Reaction
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Sanjay , Damron Timothy A. , Valente Alfredo L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Amyloidoma (localized tumorlike amyloidosis) in the soft tissues is rare. We present an instructive case of recurrent amyloidoma in the soft tissue of the ankle in a 45-year-old man with multiple surgical procedures and chronic osteomyelitis of the underlying bones. The lesion evaded diagnosis because of a florid giant cell reaction that led to various misdiagnoses, including giant cell tumor of tendon sheath, foreign body reaction secondary to surgery, and pseudogout. This case demonstrates the importance of considering the possibility of amyloidoma when a giant cell–rich lesion is encountered in the soft tissues.
A Tetraploid Liveborn Neonate: Cytogenetic and Autopsy Findings
Authors: Nakamura Yasuhiro , Takaira Michiyo , Sato Etsuko , Kawano Katuichi , Miyoshi Osamu , Niikawa Norio 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Cytogenetic and autopsy findings of a nonmosaic tetraploid male neonate, alive until shortly after birth at 37 weeks' gestation, are described. Oligohydramnios, intrauterine growth retardation, cranial abnormalities, and Dandy-Walker malformation were noted prenatally. Autopsy findings included cleft lip and palate; overlapping fingers; low-set ears; simian creases; hypoplastic external genitalia with undescended testes; Dandy-Walker malformation; slightly dilated lateral and third ventricles; hypoplasia of the cerebrum, pons, medulla, pituitary gland, thymus, lung, adrenal gland, and kidney; large ventricular septal defect; and enteric cyst behind the urinary bladder. The placenta was hypoplastic and showed no remarkable abnormalities, except for mild syncytial knots. Chromosome analyses of amniotic fluid cells at 31 weeks' gestation and the umbilical cord blood cells at delivery revealed a 92,XXYY karyotype. G-, C-, Q-, and N-banding heteromorphic studies demonstrated duplication of paternal chromosomes 1, 3, and 15, and maternal chromosome 22. In addition, the results of an analysis with 16 CA repeat polymorphic markers were consistent with duplicated inheritance of 1 paternal and 1 maternal haploid sets to the tetraploid patient. Therefore, it is most likely that the tetraploidy was caused by a cytoplasmic cleavage failure at the first mitotic division.
Adenovirus Enterocolitis in Pediatric Patients Following Bone Marrow Transplantation: Report of 2 Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Shayan Katayoon , Saunders Fred , Roberts Eve , Cutz Ernest 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We report 2 cases of adenovirus enterocolitis in pediatric patients who underwent bone marrow transplantation. The first case involved a 17-year-old adolescent boy with combined immunodeficiency and non-Hodgkin lymphoma who developed chronic graft versus host disease and persistent adenovirus duodenitis. Case 2 involved a 3-year-old boy who received a mismatched unrelated bone marrow transplant for metachromatic leukodystrophy; the boy developed severe graft versus host disease and died of multiorgan failure. At autopsy, diffuse hemorrhagic enterocolitis with changes of severe graft versus host disease and extensive mucosal invasion by adenovirus was found. Awareness and early recognition of this uncommon complication of concomitant graft versus host disease and adenovirus infection could impact therapy and outcome of patients with bone marrow transplant.
Human Papillomavirus Testing Methods
Authors: Hubbard Roger A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTesting for human papillomavirus (HPV) relies exclusively on techniques of molecular biology using nucleic acid probes. Tests for HPV using nucleic acid probes have been commercially available since the late 1980s, but early tests were cumbersome, involving the use of nucleic acid probes labeled with radioactive phosphorus (32P). These early HPV tests did not achieve widespread use because they did not detect all oncogenic HPV genotypes. The current commercial HPV detection kit, Digene's Hybrid Capture 2 kit, detects virtually all high-risk oncogenic HPV types, as well as most low-risk nononcogenic HPV genotypes. The Hybrid Capture 2 test format is a proprietary nucleic acid hybridization signal amplification system owned by Digene Corporation. Virtually all test formats for DNA sequence analysis are amenable to applications intended to detect and perhaps quantify the various HPV genotypes. These methods can involve direct hybridization with complementary DNA probes, such as Southern blotting or in situ hybridization, signal amplification, such as the Hybrid Capture 2 method or target nucleic acid amplification, most notably the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Polymerase chain reaction has been used for HPV detection, genotyping, and viral load determination. General or consensus primer–mediated PCR assays have enabled screening for a broad spectrum of HPV types in clinical specimens using a single PCR reaction. Following amplification using consensus primers, individual HPV genotypes are identified using a variety of methods. Using consensus primers in a test format known as real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR), it is possible to generate viral load (concentration) data from reaction curves generated by monitoring PCR reaction kinetics in real time.
Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor of the Kidney in an Adult: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Peng Hong Qi , Stanek Albert E. , Teichberg Saul , Shepard Barry , Kahn Ellen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney is an uncommon renal tumor in children. The tumor has aggressive behavior and a poor prognosis and is extremely rare in adults; only 3 cases of renal rhabdoid tumors have been reported in adults. We describe here the microscopic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic characteristics of another case in a 38-year-old woman. This case reinforces the importance of recognizing this entity in the adult population.
Meu filho é autista, e agora? Estratégias de enfrentamento familiar perante o diagnóstico do autismo
Authors: Suelem Lima Freitas Ana , Santos de Jesus Karina , Gomes Nascimento Verônica 
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo tem como tema central a experiência de famílias com filhos diagnosticados com o Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) e as suas estratégias de enfrentamento diante do diagnóstico. O objetivo geral do estudo foi descrever e analisar, através de entrevistas com três mães, a experiência familiar (impressões, reações e emoções) a partir do momento em que os seus filhos receberam o diagnóstico do TEA. Essas três mães se propuseram a representar suas famílias na pesquisa. Dessa forma, foi realizada a análise do conteúdo das entrevistas, através de uma sistematização temática, para a leitura analítica do tema proposto, tendo como base a literatura científica disponível. Os principais resultados apontam para a busca do conhecimento, por parte da família, como principal estratégia de enfrentamento para lidar com as demandas estressoras diante da experiência mencionada. Assim, foi observado que as famílias buscam estratégias práticas e objetivas, mas também procuram apoio social e religioso. Vale ressaltar que a condição socioeconômica e cultural das famílias pode refletir diretamente na forma como enfrentam o diagnóstico, em função da acessibilidade à orientação especializada e a recursos profissionais. Portanto, compreende-se que a presente pesquisa alcançou o seu objetivo ao descrever a experiência familiar após o diagnóstico do TEA, mas não reflete todas as realidades familiares.
Palavras-chave: Transtorno do Espectro Autista. Família. Estratégias de Enfrentamento.
Análise dinâmica da volatilidade dos retornos do Ibovespa: uma aplicação do modelo autorregressivo de mudanças markovianas
Authors: Silva Carlos Alberto Gonçalves da 
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo utiliza o modelo Markov Switching Autorregressivo de dois estados desenvolvido por Hamilton (1989), para capturar mudanças de regime tanto na média quanto na variância dos retornos do Ibovespa, entre janeiro de 2000 e maio de 2020. A evidência empírica indica probabilidades de transição sugerindo que apenas eventos podem mudar a série de um regime de baixa volatilidade para um regime de alta volatilidade e vice-versa. Verificou-se que os resultados do modelo MS(2)-AR(1) detectaram momento das mudanças de regimes dos retornos, por causa da eleição presidencial, crises financeiras 2008 e a pandemia (coronavírus 2020).
Identification of SNPs associated with magnesium and sodium uptake and the effect of their accumulation on micro and macro nutrient levels inVitis vinifera
Authors: Naegele Rachel P. , Londo Jason P. , Zou Cheng , Cousins Peter 
Published: February 2021

Macro and micro nutrient accumulation affects all stages of plant growth and development. When nutrient deficiencies or excesses occur, normal plant growth is altered resulting in symptoms such as leaf chlorosis, plant stunting or death. In grapes, few genomic regions associated with nutrient accumulation or deficiencies have been identified. Our study evaluated micro and macro nutrient concentrations inVitis viniferaL. to identify associated SNPs using an association approach with genotype by sequencing data. Nutrient concentrations and foliar symptoms (leaf chlorosis and stunting) were compared among 249 F1Vitis viniferaindividuals in 2015 and 2016. Foliar symptoms were consistent (≥90%) between years and correlated with changes in nutrient concentrations of magnesium (r = 0.65 andr = 0.38 in 2015 and 2016, respectively), aluminum (r = 0.24 andr = 0.49), iron (r = 0.21 andr = 0.49), and sodium (r = 0.32 andr = 0.21). Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with symptoms, sodium, and magnesium were detected on each chromosome with the exception of 5, 7 and 17 depending on the trait and genome used for analyses explaining up to 40% of the observed variation. Symptoms and magnesium concentration were primarily associated with SNPs on chromosome 3, while SNPs associated with increased sodium content were primarily found on chromosomes 11 and 18. Mean concentrations for each nutrient varied between years in the population between symptomatic and asymptomatic plants, but relative relationships were mostly consistent. These data suggest a complex relationship among foliar symptoms and micro and macro nutrients accumulating in grapevines.
Identification of a metabolic-related gene signature predicting the overall survival for patients with stomach adenocarcinoma
Authors: Nie Yuan , Liu Linxiang , Liu Qi , Zhu Xuan 
Published: February 2021

Background
The reprogramming of energy metabolism and consistently altered metabolic genes are new features of cancer, and their prognostic roles remain to be further studied in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD).

Methods
Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profiles and clinicopathological data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the GSE84437 databases from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. A univariate Cox regression analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model established a novel metabolic signature based on TCGA. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUROC) and a nomogram were calculated to assess the predictive accuracy.

Results
A novel metabolic-related signature (including acylphosphatase 1, RNA polymerase I subunit A, retinol dehydrogenase 12, 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolyzing, malic enzyme 1, nicotinamide N-methyltransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase 5, deoxycytidine kinase, galactosidase alpha, DNA polymerase delta 3, glutathione S-transferase alpha 2, N-acyl sphingosine amidohydrolase 1, and N-acyl sphingosine amidohydrolase 1) was identified. In both TCGA and GSE84437, patients in the high-risk group showed significantly poorersurvival than the patients in the low-risk group. A good predictive value was shown by the AUROC and nomogram. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analyses (GSEAs) revealed several significantly enriched pathways, which may help in explaining the underlying mechanisms.

Conclusions
A novel robust metabolic-related signature for STAD prognosis prediction was conducted. The signature may reflect the dysregulated metabolic microenvironment and can provided potential biomarkers for metabolic therapy in STAD.
Sustainable Intensification among Smallholder Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Farms in Karoi, Zimbabwe
Authors: Mauswa Concilia , Mupaso Norman 
Published: February 2021

The study’s aim was to determine socioeconomic factors that influence sustainable intensification amongst smallholder tobacco farms in Karoi district, Zimbabwe. The study was conducted during the period November 2018 to February 2019. A descriptive approach was used in the study. Primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The main aspects measured by the questionnaire were household demographic characteristics, assets owned, livestock ownership, income and expenditure, agricultural production and marketing information. A sample of 91 respondents was chosen using the stratified random sampling technique, with the strata being the four wards in Karoi district. Descriptive statistics together with a multivariate regression model were used to analyse the determinants of sustainable intensification among the smallholder tobacco farms. The main findings suggested a significant relationship between sustainable intensification and use of improved seed (P=.01), household-head age (P=.1), household wealth index (P=.01) and distance to the nearest market (P=.01). Based on the findings, the study recommends that agricultural policy strategies should focus on provision of incentives that encourage the smallholder tobacco farmers to adopt environmentally friendly farming practices. Such strategies include, availing agricultural market-places close to the smallholder tobacco farms. Furthermore, the government must support farmers to acquire productive assets so as to enhance their household wealth index, which will eventually lead to sustainable intensification on smallholder tobacco farms.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Breast Self-Examination (BSE) among Women in an Urban City in Abia State, Nigeria
Authors: Iwuoha Ejiro C. , Ekeleme Ngozi C. , Uche Chika L. 
Published: February 2021

Background: Early diagnosis of breast cancer has been associated with better outcomes in diagnosed cases. Breast self-examination (BSE) is an inexpensive but effective method of identifying breast masses that may be cancerous.
Objectives: To identify the knowledge, attitude and practice of BSE among women in Abia State, Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional study of 415 women in Aba, a commercial city in Abia State. Pretested questionnaires were administered on women who consented to participate in the study. Analysis of data was done using IBM SPSS Version 20.
Results: The mean age of the 415 participants was 36.7±9.9 years. About 9% of respondents had a positive family history of breast cancer. Majority of the women; 76% (331) had heard of BSE with highest (34%) source of information being radio and television. While 67.5% knew how to do BSE, only 32% knew the right frequency for performing BSE. Though majority of women agreed that it was necessary to see a doctor for breast examination; only 39% had done so previously while 54% felt having a doctor examine their breast would be embarrassing. Only 28% of the women had practiced BSE in the past. Reasons given for not practicing BSE were lack of knowledge and forgetfulness.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated high knowledge and good attitude but poor practice of BSE.