bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microglial depletion abolishes ischemic preconditioning in white matter
Authors: Hamner Margaret A. , McDonough Ashley , Gong Davin C. , Todd Levi J. , Rojas German , Hodecker Sibylle , Ransom Christopher B. , Reh Thomas A. , Ransom Bruce R. , Weinstein Jonathan R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIschemic preconditioning (IPC) is a phenomenon whereby a brief, non‐injurious ischemic exposure enhances tolerance to a subsequent ischemic challenge. The mechanism of IPC has mainly been studied in rodent stroke models where gray matter (GM) constitutes about 85% of the cerebrum. In humans, white matter (WM) is 50% of cerebral volume and is a critical component of stroke damage. We developed a novel CNS WM IPC model using the mouse optic nerve (MON) and identified the involved immune signaling pathways. Here we tested the hypothesis that microglia are necessary for WM IPC. Microglia were depleted by treatment with the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitor PLX5622. MONs were exposed to transient ischemia in vivo, acutely isolated 72 h later, and subjected to oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) to simulate a severe ischemic injury (i.e., stroke). Functional and structural axonal recovery was assessed by recording compound action potentials (CAPs) and by microscopy using quantitative stereology. Microglia depletion eliminated IPC‐mediated protection. In control mice, CAP recovery was improved in preconditioned MONs compared with non‐preconditioned MONs, however, in PLX5622‐treated mice, we observed no difference in CAP recovery between preconditioned and non‐preconditioned MONs. Microgliadepletion also abolished IPC protective effects on axonal integrity and survival of mature (APC+) oligodendrocytes after OGD. IPC‐mediated protection was independent of retinal injury suggesting it results from mechanistic processes intrinsic to ischemia‐exposed WM. We conclude that preconditioned microglia are critical for IPC in WM. The “preconditioned microglia” phenotype might protect against other CNS pathologies and is a neurotherapeutic horizon worth exploring.
Traumatic life experiences and post‐traumatic stress symptoms in middle‐aged and older adults with and without autistic traits
Authors: Stewart Gavin R. , Corbett Anne , Ballard Clive , Creese Byron , Aarsland Dag , Hampshire Adam , Charlton Rebecca A. , Happé Francesca 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesResearch with younger adults has begun to explore associations between autism/autistic traits and vulnerability to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Large scale studies and/or examination of age‐effects have not been conducted.MethodsAdults aged 50 years+ from the PROTECT study (n = 20,220) completed items about current and childhood socio‐communicative difficulties characteristic of autism. Approximately 1% (n = 251) endorsed high autistic traits, henceforth the Autism Spectrum Traits (AST) group. Differences between the AST and an age—and sex‐matched “Comparison Older Adults” (COA; n = 9179) group were explored for lifetime traumatic experiences and current symptoms of PTSD, depression, and anxiety.ResultsAlmost 30% of the AST group, compared to less than 8% of the COA, reported severe trauma in childhood/adulthood, including emotional, physical or sexual abuse. Elevated current PTSD symptoms were reported by AST compared to COA. An interaction was observed between autistic traits and trauma severity; the effect of level of trauma on PTSD symptoms was significantly greater for AST versus COA participants. This interaction remained significant when controlling for current depression and anxiety symptoms.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that high autistic traits may increase the likelihood of experiencing trauma across the lifespan, and the impact of severe trauma on PTSD symptoms. Older adults with high (vs. low) autistic traits may be at greater risk of experiencing PTSD symptoms in latter life. Future research should test whether the pattern of results is similar for diagnosed autistic adults.
Resection of the internal carotid artery in selected patients affected by cancer of the skull base
Authors: Ferrari Marco , Zanoletti Elisabetta , Taboni Stefano , Cazzador Diego , Tealdo Giulia , Schreiber Alberto , Mattavelli Davide , Rampinelli Vittorio , Doglietto Francesco , Fontanella Marco Maria , Buffoli Barbara , Vural Alperen , Verzeletti Vincenzo , Carobbio Andrea Luigi Camillo , Mardighian Dikran , Causin Francesco , Orlandi Ester , Cenzato Marco , Rezzani Rita , Nicolai Piero 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInvasion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) has been historically considered a criterion of non‐resectability of skull base cancer (SBC). Patients affected by SBC who underwent surgery including resection of ICA at two tertiary institutions were included. Demographics, oncologic, and surgical information, complications, and survival outcomes were retrospectively reviewed. Survival outcomes were calculated. Ten patients were included. Three surgical approaches (transnasal endoscopic, transorbital, and transpetrosal) were employed to resect the invaded/abutted tract(s) of the ICA. All patients underwent ICA temporary balloon occlusion test. In two patients, an extracranial‐to‐intracranial arterial bypass was harvested. Major neuromorbidity was observed in two patients. Perioperative mortality of the series was 10.0%. Mean overall survival was 27.2 months, with 2‐year overall and progression‐free survival rate of 88.9%. ICA resection is feasible as part of the ablation performed for very advanced SBCs. Survival outcomes are acceptable in adequately selected patients.
Efficacy and follow‐up of humanized anti‐BCMA CAR‐T cell therapy in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients with extramedullary‐extraosseous, extramedullary‐bone related, and without extramedullary disease
Authors: Li Wei , Liu Meijing , Yuan Ting , Yan Lixiang , Cui Rui , Deng Qi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) with extramedullary disease (EMD) remains poor. A high overall response rate (ORR) has been reported following anti‐B‐cell maturation antigen (BCMA) chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T cell therapy in relapsed/refractory (R/R) patients with MM; however, data on patients with EMD remain limited. Herein, we compared and analyzed the efficacy and long‐term follow‐up of anti‐BCMA CAR‐T cell therapy in R/R MM patients with extramedullary‐extraosseous (EM‐E), extramedullary‐bone related (EM‐B), and without extramedullary disease. No difference in the ORR was observed between the three groups. The long‐term efficacy of anti‐BCMA CAR‐T cell therapy in the EM‐E group was worse than that in patients without EMD and with EM‐B. In the EM‐E group, disease progression was the reappearance of extramedullary lesions without an increase in the MM cell percentage or M protein level. Although no difference in the proportion of CAR‐T cells was detected among the three groups, the EM‐E group might exhibit a relatively high grade of cytokine release syndrome following anti‐BCMA CAR‐T therapy. Interleukin‐6 levels in the without EMD group were lower than those in the EM‐E and EM‐B groups. However, given the small number of cases in the three groups, statistical analysis was not performed.(ChiCTR1800017051 and ChiCTR2000033925).
Effects of maternal picture book knowledge on language development of 15‐month olds
Authors: Okumura Yuko , Kobayashi Tessei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLiteracy exposure checklists that assess parental picture book knowledge (Parental Title Checklist [PTC] and Parental Author Checklist [PAC]) have been developed as proxy measures for literacy environments. Although previous research suggests that parental picture book knowledge is a strong predictor of language skills for preschoolers older than 3 years of age, it remains unclear whether it is related to vocabulary acquisition in children younger than 2 years of age. Using checklists of parental picture book knowledge (PTC and PAC) and self‐report questionnaires of literacy environments (reading frequency, number of children's books at home, frequency of library visits, age at which reading started), this present research investigated whether such literacy environments are related to vocabulary acquisition in 15‐month‐olds Japanese. Our results showed that PTC makes a unique contribution to the prediction of children's comprehensive vocabulary scores, and both PTC and PAC predict their productive vocabulary after controlling for maternal education levels. We discuss the influence of parental picture book knowledge on children's language development and conclude that the effects of such knowledge are even applicable at 15 months.
Systemic inflammation in traumatic brain injury predicts poor cognitive function
Authors: Xu Wende , Yue Shenglei , Wang Peng , Wen Bin , Zhang Xiaojue 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) impairs cognitive function. Systemic inflammation plays important role in cognitive deficits. It remains unclear if systemic inflammation in TBI is associated with poor cognitive function.MethodsFrom January 2018 to December 2020, two groups of subjects were recruited: patients with TBI (n = 120), and healthy control (n = 120), followed up to 3 months. Blood was collected from TBI patients and healthy control, and serum inflammatory cytokines including interferon‐α (IFN‐α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) were measured at baseline and end of 3 months. Multivariate regression was used for analysis for the relationship between cognitive function and inflammatory cytokines.ResultsInflammatory cytokines were higher in patients with brain injury and remained high at end of 3 months. Some cytokines such as IFN‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α were associated with worsening memory and predicted poor performance.ConclusionSystemic inflammation in patients with TBI predicts poor cognitive function.
Ultrasound guided anterior approach to intra‐articular injection of the knee
Authors: Adamiak Paul , Inkpen Peter , Bardi Mohammad 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this clinical practice article, we describe a novel, anterior, approach for therapeutic intra‐articular injection of the knee under ultrasound guidance. The benefits of this approach are improved accuracy in knees that do not have an effusion, simplified sonoanatomy for learners, and easy localization in patients with enlarged body habitus or altered anatomy. This article describes the positioning, sonographic anatomy, risks, and technical considerations for this anterior approach.
Parenting a child with Down syndrome: A qualitative study of everyday practices in Danish families
Authors: Steffensen Ellen Hollands , Rosvig Lena Have , Santoro Stephanie , Pedersen Lars Henning , Vogel Ida , Lou Stina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGenetic counseling about Down syndrome is suggested to include information on a future family life. However, there is an insufficient knowledge on the potential impact of parenting a child with Down syndrome on parents’ everyday practices. We aimed to address this gap by exploring the experienced everyday practices of parents in families where a child has Down syndrome. Taking a qualitative approach, we conducted semi‐structured interviews with 25 parents of children with Down syndrome aged 4–12 years. Using reflexive thematic analysis, we identified two themes concerned with the parents’ practice. The first, ‘Supporting our child’, describes how the parents perceived their child as a valuable human being and how this perception founded parents’ support of the child's development and social interactions. The second, ‘Managing our family life’, demonstrates how the parents acted to manage a family life that had become the ‘new normal’ including being alert toward the child, shaping the practical and logistical framework of daily life, and balancing between being at home and away from home. Overall, the analysis presents an everyday practice aimed at a desirable future for the child with Down syndrome and at a management of everyday life on the family's own terms. In conclusion, this study provides specific knowledge on parents’ everyday practice, which may inform genetic counseling about Down syndrome and be of value to service providers.
Utilization of genetic testing: Analysis of 4,499 prior authorization requests for molecular genetic tests at four US regional health plans
Authors: Bajguz Dominika , Danylchuk Noelle R. , Czarniecki Megan , Selig James P. , Sutphen Rebecca , Kaylor Julie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractContinuous advances in genetic testing methodologies and an increased understanding of the genetic mechanisms of diseases have fueled genetic testing utilization across health care specialties. To our knowledge, national trends in the ordering of genetic testing have not been studied broadly across clinical indications, testing methodologies, and ordering provider specialties. We performed a retrospective analysis of 4,499 complete prior authorization requests for molecular genetic testing submitted to four regional health plans’ commercial lines of business between May 1, 2019 and May 31, 2019. Ordering providers were characterized by their certification(s) and specialty of practice. Among 4,499 genetic testing requests, 92% were ordered by non‐genetics providers. Obstetrician/gynecology (OBGYN) (63%), oncology (15%), and genetics (8%) providers ordered genetic testing most frequently. Reproductive, hereditary cancer, and tumor testing were the most frequently ordered genetic tests. Seventy‐nine percent of all prior authorization requests were approved. When analyzing complex genetic testing requests, we found that testing ordered by genetics providers was more likely to be approved based on health plan policy than testing ordered by non‐genetics providers. Our results suggest that health care providers across multiple medical specialties may benefit from involvement of genetics specialists in decision‐making regarding molecular tests.
The anti-inflammatory peptide Catestatin blocks chemotaxis
Authors: Muntjewerff Elke M , Parv Kristel , Mahata Sushil K , van Riessen N Koen , Phillipson Mia , Christoffersson Gustaf , van den Bogaart Geert 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIncreased levels of the anti-inflammatory peptide Catestatin (CST), a cleavage product of the pro-hormone chromogranin A, correlate with less severe outcomes in hypertension, colitis, and diabetes. However, it is unknown how CST reduces the infiltration of monocytes and macrophages (Mϕs) in inflamed tissues. Here, it is reported that CST blocks leukocyte migration toward inflammatory chemokines. By in vitro and in vivo migration assays, it is shown that although CST itself is chemotactic, it blocks migration of monocytes and neutrophils to inflammatory attracting factor CC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL2). Moreover, it directs CX3CR1+ Mϕs away from pancreatic islets. These findings suggest that the anti-inflammatory actions of CST are partly caused by its regulation of chemotaxis.
High‐Bandwidth InGaAs Photodetectors Heterogeneously Integrated on Silicon Waveguides Using Optofluidic Assembly
Authors: Jung Youngho , Bae Sunghyun , Kwon Kyungmok , Mitchell Colin J. , Khokhar Ali Z. , Reed Graham T. , Wilkinson James S. , Chung Yun C. , Yu Kyoungsik 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLight‐induced manipulation techniques have been utilized to transport, trap, or levitate microscopic objects for a wide range of applications in biology, electronics, and photonics. Without making direct physical contact, they can provide simple yet powerful means for high‐precision assembly of microscale functional blocks and components within the integrated circuit platforms, thereby offering a viable alternative to the conventional heterogeneous integration techniques, such as wafer/die bonding and transfer printing. Using a microbubble‐based optofluidic pick‐and‐place assembly process, heterogeneous integration of compact III‐V semiconductor photodetectors on a silicon‐based photonic integrated circuit chip, enabling direct high‐speed vertical electrical contacts for significantly improved photogenerated carrier transit distance/time, is experimentally demonstrated. The microdisk‐shaped InGaAs p‐i‐n photodetector integrated on the silicon waveguide has a 3 dB bandwidth exceeding 50 GHz under the applied bias voltage of −1 V for near‐infrared wavelengths around 1.55 µm. The light‐induced optofluidic assembly will provide a promising route for seamless heterogeneous integration of various optoelectronic components with high‐speed and low‐noise electrical interconnection on the fully processed silicon photonic/electronic integrated circuit platforms.
Summary of fourth annual MCBK public meeting: Mobilizing computable biomedical knowledge—metadata and trust
Authors: Williams Michelle , Bray Bruce E. , Greenes Robert A. , McCusker Jamie , Middleton Blackford , Perry Gerald , Platt Jodyn , Richesson Rachel L. , Rubin Joshua C. , Wheeler Terrie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe exponential growth of biomedical knowledge in computable formats challenges organizations to consider mobilizing artifacts in findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable, and trustable (FAIR+T) ways1. There is a growing need to apply biomedical knowledge artifacts to improve health in Learning Health Systems, health delivery organizations, and other settings. However, most organizations lack the infrastructure required to consume and apply computable knowledge, and national policies and standards adoption are insufficient to ensure that it is discoverable and used safely and fairly, nor is there widespread experience in the process of knowledge implementation as clinical decision support. The Mobilizing Computable Biomedical Knowledge (MCBK) community formed in 2016 to address these needs. This report summarizes the main outputs of the Fourth Annual MCBK public meeting, which was held virtually July 20 to July 21, 2021 and convened over 100 participants spanning diverse domains to frame and address important dimensions for mobilizing CBK.
Silk Fibroin Crosslinked Glycyrrhizic Acid and Silver Hydrogels for Accelerated Bacteria‐Infected Wound Healing
Authors: Zhang Fan , Yin Chuanjin , Qi Xueju , Guo Chuanlong , Wu Xiaochen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAntibacterial hydrogels are intensively studied as wound dressings. Silk fibroin (SF) is chemical crosslinked to glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and silver to fabricate a hydrogel dressing with both antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory properties. The SF/Ag/GA hydrogel exhibits high water content with acceptable mechanical properties, combines the good biocompatibility and biodegradability of SF, the antibacterial activity of silver, and the anti‐inflammatory property of GA, capable to promote tissue regeneration during wound healing process, offering great potential as an alternative for wound dressings.
TiO2 Nanotube Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposite as Methanol Sensor
Authors: Taha Sabah , Begum Sumayya , Narwade Vijaykiran N. , Halge Devidas I. , Dadge Jagdish W. , Mahabole Megha P. , Khairnar Rajendra S. , Bogle Kashinath A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the present work, it has successfully demonstrated the utilization of TiO2 nanotube (TNT) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanocomposite films by screen printing techniques material for sensing methanol at lower temperature and lower concentrations. Preparation of modified material using HAp blended with TNT by mechanical mixing in different height percentages. The 2 wt% TNT‐HAp nanocomposite film exhibits pronounced sensing behavior for the detection of alcohol vapor even at 10 ppm. The operating temperature is observed to be 30°C for methanol, whereas for the same nanocomposite material fast response and recovery time are 100 and 30 s, respectively, as compared with pure HAp, TNT. These results concluded that nanocomposite of TNT and HAp is capable to sense alcohol vapors with their existence in ambient as low as 10 ppm concentration.
Facile Synthesis and Electrochemical Investigation of Undoped and Mn‐Doped ZnO Electrodes for the Energy Storage Application
Authors: More Pravin , Salunkhe Amol , Navale Yuraj , Patil Vikas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the present investigation, the synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) and Mn‐doped ZnO thin film electrodes is reported for energy storage applications through spray pyrolysis technique. As‐prepared thin films are characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques for the crystal structural and morphological analysis, respectively. The XRD pattern shows substitution of Mn2+ in ion might have substituted Zn site without changing the hexagonal structure. The micrograph of pure ZnO thin films shows that the grains are agglomerated. The Mn‐doped ZnO thin film micrographs shows the spherical type morphology. The electrochemical study is carried for various concentrations of KOH electrolyte. The maximum specific capacitance of pristine ZnO and 5% Mn/ZnO is optimized at 3 M KOH electrolyte concentration. The pristine ZnO and M5Z electrode are exhibited 151 and 360 F g−1 maximum specific capacitance, respectively.
Thermoluminescence Glow Curve Analysis with Variable Concentration of Erbium‐Doped Y2O3 Phosphor
Authors: Kaur Manmeet , Sahu Prashant K. , Bisen D.P. , Panse V.R. , Singh Prabhjot 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA series of Y2O3:Er3+ phosphors have been synthesized via combustion synthesis method using urea as a fuel. The prepared samples are characterized by X‐ray diffractometer (XRD) and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. TL glow curves are recorded for Y2O3:Er3+ doped phosphors to study dose dependence, UV response, and heating rate effect. The trapping parameters (μ, E, s) are calculated from Chen's glow peak shape method. TL glow curve is fitted in computerized glow curve deconvolution (CGCD) techniques and are discussed in detail for their possible usage in dosimetry applications.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Dielectric Study of Titania Supported ZnFe2O4
Authors: Patil Sarjerao B. , Patil Nivas M. , Birmule Pramod R. , Helavi‐Reddy Vasant B. , Patil Rajendra P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe nanocomposites of TiO2 loaded ZnFe2O4powders are synthesized using wet chemical process. The synthesized powder is characterized by using XRD, TEM, and VSM. In the XRD patterns of sintered composite samples, no peaks other than TiO2 and ZnFe2O4 are observed. Nanosized two different layers such as cubic zinc ferrite and TiO2are confirmed by transmission electron microscopy technique. The dielectric properties are measured in the frequency range of 20 Hz–1 MHz. The frequency variation of dielectric properties is understood with the help of Maxwell–Wagner type of interfacial polarization, which is in agreement with Koop's phenomenological theory. Dielectric permittivity data reveals dielectric permittivity decreases with frequency and increases with TiO2 composition. The dielectric constant (ϵ′) is decreased continuously with increased frequency for all the samples at room temperature revealing normal dielectric behavior of ferrites. Magnetic properties are also measured on all the composite samples at room temperature. The saturation magnetization (Ms) of the samples decreases with an increase of TiO2content in ZnFe2O4.