bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model of public choice and political rent
Authors: Bezat-Jarzebowska Agnieszka , Rembisz WÅ‚odzimierz , Sielska Agata 
Published: August 2021

It can be assumed that the scope of agricultural policy and connected with its financial streams are not accidental. Selection of a particular, policy defines a mechanism in which the benefits and costs are combined. Such an effort of describing and ex plaining the mechanism was presented in the paper. We use the concept of a public choice model. Issues of including political (or admin istrative) interest in defining and shaping the policy are incorporated into the models of public choice. The authors assumed the rationality of decision makers and their goal to maximize their own utility. The analysis presented in the paper is some reference to one of the trends of political economy, according to which the emphasis is on the votersâ€™ behaviour.

Keywords: Public choice, political rent, agricultural policy, political economic analysis
An adaptation of traditional Turkish educational games to the teaching of vocabulary in EFL environment
Authors: Kurt Funda , Yavuz Fatih 
Published: August 2021

Vocabulary plays a vital role in all methods and approaches in ELT. Vocabulary knowledge is one of the significant sub-skills for not only receptive but also productive skills in foreign language learning process. As the techniques used to teach vocabulary vary in approaches for different purposes, it can be observed that they can be classified as conscious or explicit and unconscious or implicit ones. This paper aims to outline some traditional methods of vocabulary teaching particularly young learners; the significance of game â€“based teaching process in education; the application of educational games in language classes; some studies carried out with the purpose of searching the effects of educational games in foreign language learning process; the benefits of teaching frequent vocabulary through games for young learners through the related literature. This study concludes by suggesting an adaptation of some traditional Turkish games to the teaching frequent vocabulary to young learners in foreign language teaching.

Keywords: vocabulary teaching; game â€“ based teaching process; traditional Turkish games; young learners; frequent vocabulary
Integrating Microsoft IoT, machine learning in a large-scale power meter reading
Authors: Pascu Liviu , Simo Attila , Vernica Alin Mihai 
Published: August 2021

Due to fast technological progress in the power engineering field, the need of new information/communication technologies is more and more underlined. e-Learning has become a viable alternative to traditional teaching/learning techniques, adopted especially due to the advantages offered by the possibility of continuous training. This paper presents a Microsoft internet of things platform for a very large-scale smart power meter reading, used not only for training operative staff of the distribution network operator but also to help end users to control electrical energy that they consume. The strength of this platform for the distribution network operator is that the read data can be used for energy forecast, which is very useful for the future energy consumption optimisation. The platform can be reached through the Internet using a user name and password. A comparison between the results provided by classical teaching/learning methods and the ones achieved using this platform is presented.
Keywords: Machine learning, internet of things (IoT), training.
The investigation of mood and modality in the first letter of Nahj al-Balagheh based on the interpersonal metafunction of Hallidayâ€™s systemic functional grammar
Authors: ArabZouzani Mohammad Ali , Pahlavannejadb Mohammad Reza , Seyyedi Hossein 
Published: August 2021

Believing that some particular texts worth scientific studies, we put the first letter of Nahj al-Balagheh under investigation according to the concept of mood and modality in the interpersonal metafunction of Hallidayâ€™s systemic functional grammar. A brief literature of mood and modality is given first. Then, the theoretical framework of the study is set, and finally, the text of the letter is analysed and explained according to the theory. The result indicated that the theory is assignable to Arabic, the language of the letter, but mediation is needed. The mood structure is mostly leaning on the predicator as it pays an important role in showing tense, polarity and modality of the clause. Subject and modal adjuncts are also apparent in some clauses as mood elements. The text of the letter is composed mostly of positive statements so that a knowledgeable source, Imam Ali, gives information to a group of unaware deceived people about the controversial subject of the third Khalifehâ€™s death. Some imperative clauses are also included to warn the people and to offer them the correct way.
Keywords: Mood, modality, interpersonal metafunction, systemic functional grammar.
An inquiry on publishersâ€™ criteria for recruitment of translators
Authors: Moghadamizad Zahra , Mowlaie Bahram , Rahimi Ali 
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to investigate the criteria considered by Iranian publishers for admitting translators. In order to achieve this purpose, the qualifications developed by Samuelson-Brown were employed to design a 19-item Likert scale questionnaire on a continuum from â€˜strongly agreeâ€™ to â€˜strongly disagreeâ€™. Some of the qualifications mentioned in the questionnaire were academic degree, translation competence, work experience, proficiency test, translatorsâ€™ sense of responsibility for their task and the direct relationship between the publishers and the translators. Next, it was handed out to 140 Iranian publishers who were randomly selected as the participants from different parts of Iran for data collection. The collected data were analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively using the chi-squared test to see whether there were any significant relationships between each item and the participantsâ€™ attitudes. The qualitative results showed that almost all participants agreed with considering most qualifications as their own criteria to recruit translators, of course with some variations in their opinions on the significance of the variables of interest. However, the result of the chi-squared test showed a significant relationship only between four variables of inclusion of proficiency test, computer literacy, the translatorsâ€™ relationship with the publisher and gender. The results can have some practical implications on translation course developers, students and teachers.
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Lack of Atorvastatin Effect on Monocyte Gene Expression and Inflammatory Markers in HIV-1- infected ART-suppressed Individuals at Risk of non-AIDS Comorbidities
Authors: Yadav Anjana , Kossenkov Andrew , Showe Louise , Ratcliffe Sarah , Choi Grace , Montaner Luis , Tebas Pablo , Shaw Pamela , Collman Ronald 
Published: August 2021

Background: Many people living with HIV have persistent monocyte activation despite viral suppression by antiretroviral therapy (ART), which contributes to non-AIDS complications including neurocognitive and other disorders. Statins have immunomodulatory properties that might be beneficial by reducing monocyte activation.
Methods: We previously characterized monocyte gene expression and inflammatory markers in 11 HIV-positive individuals on long-term ART (HIV/ART) at risk for non-AIDS complications because of low nadir CD4+ counts (median 129 cells/uL) and elevated hsCRP. Here, these individuals participated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study of 12 weeks of atorvastatin treatment. Monocyte surface markers were assessed by flow cytometry, plasma mediators by ELISA and Luminex, and monocyte gene expression by microarray analysis.
Results: Among primary outcome measures, 12 weeks of atorvastatin treatment led to an unexpected increase in CCR2+ monocytes (P=0.04), but did not affect CD16+ or CD163+ monocytes, nor levels in plasma of CCL2/MCP-1 or sCD14. Among secondary outcomes, atorvastatin treatment was associated with decreased plasma hsCRP (P=0.035) and IL-2R (P=0.012). Treatment was also associated with increased total CD14+ monocytes (P=0.015), and increased plasma CXCL9 (P=0.003) and IL-12 (P<0.001). Comparable results were seen in a subgroup that had inflammatory marker elevations at baseline. Atorvastatin treatment did not significantly alter monocyte gene expression or normalize aberrant baseline transcriptional patterns.
Conclusions: In this study of aviremic HIV+ individuals at high risk of non-AIDS events, 12 weeks of atorvastatin did not normalize monocyte gene expression patterns nor lead to significant changes in monocyte surface markers or plasma mediators linked to non-AIDS comorbidities.
The Airway Microbiota of Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Patients and its Relationship to Tumor Stage and EGFR Gene Mutation
Authors: Huang DanHui , He Jing , Su XiaoFang , Wen YaNa , Zhang ShuJia , Liu LaiYu , Zhao Haijin , Ye CuiPin , Wu JianHua , Cai Shaoxi , Dong Hangming 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Accumulating studies have suggested the airway microbiota of lung cancer was significantly different from healthy controls. However, little was known about the relationship between airway microbiota and important clinical parameters of lung cancer. In this study, we aimed to explore the association between sputum microbiota and lung cancer stage, lymph node metastasis, intrathoracic metastasis, and Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation. Methods: The microbiota of sputum samples from 85 newly diagnosed NSCLC patients were sequenced via 16S rRNA sequencing with V3-V4 region. Sequencing reads were filtered using QIIME2 and clustered against UPARSE. Results: The α diversity and β diversity was significantly different between patients in stage I to II (early stage, ES) and patients in stage III to IV (advanced stage, AS). Lefse identified that genera Granulicatella and Actinobacillus were significantly enriched in ES, and genus Actinomyces were significantly enriched in AS. PICRUSt2 identified NAD salvage pathway was significantly enriched in AS, which was positively associated with Granulicatella. Patients with intrathoracic metastasis were associated with increased genus Peptostreptococcus and incomplete reductive TCA cycle. Enrichment of TCA cycle was associated with increased Peptostreptococcus. Genera Parvimonas, Pseudomona and L-valine biosynthesis were positively associated with lymph node metastasis. L-valine biosynthesis was related with increased Pseudomona. Finally, genus Parvimonas were significantly upregulated in adenocarcinoma patients with EGFR mutation. Conclusion: In conclusion, the taxonomy structure differed between different lung cancer stage. The tumor stage, intrathoracic 1 metastasis, lymph node metastasis, and EGFR mutation were associated with alteration of specific airway genera and metabolic function of sputum microbiota.
Tracing back the origin of cell-cell communication: Hydra vulgaris releases extracellular vesicles delivering regulators of head and foot regeneration
Authors: Moros Maria , Fergola Eugenio , Marchesano Valentina , Mutarelli Margherita , Tommasini Giuseppina , Miedziak Beata , Palumbo Giuliana , Ambrosone Alfredo , Tino Angela , Tortiglione Claudia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Recent body of evidence demonstrates that extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent the first language of cell-cell communication emerged during evolution. In aquatic environments, transferring signals between cells by EVs offer protection against degradation, allowing delivering of chemical information in high local concentrations to the target cells. The packaging of multiple signals, including those of hydrophobic nature, ensures target cells to receive the same EV-conveyed messages, and the coordination of a variety of physiological processes across cells of a single organisms, or at the population level, i.e. mediating the population´s response to changing environmental conditions. Here, we purified EVs from the medium of the freshwater invertebrate Hydra vulgaris, and the molecular profiling by proteomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed multiple markers of the exosome EV subtype. Moreover, positive and negative regulators of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, the major developmental pathway acting in body axial patterning, were identified. Functional analysis on amputated polyps revealed EV ability to interfere with both head and foot regeneration, suggesting an active role in setting up tissue gradients and oro-aboral polarity through delivery of short and long-distance signals. Our results open the path to unravel EV biogenesis and function in all cnidarian species, tracing back the origin of the cell-cell, cross-species or cross-kingdom communication in aquatic ecosystems
Identification of drought-responsive hub genes and their related miRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Arjmand Maryam Pasandideh , Lahiji Habibollah Samizadeh , Biglouei Mohammad Hassan , Golfazani Mohammad Mohsenzadeh 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Drought is important environmental stress that reduces the yield and quality of crops all around the world. The drought-responsive regulatory network is very complex in plants. MicroRNAs are an important gene expression regulator under drought conditions. Identifying drought-responsive genes and their related miRNAs helps us to provide valuable information on plant stress regulation by miRNAs in stress conditions. In this study, a microarray dataset of drought stress and well-water samples of Arabidopsis were analyzed to identify the common root and shoot genes in drought. GEO2R tool was used for identifying differentially expressed genes. Gene ontology enrichment, protein-protein interaction, pathway analysis, and potential miRNAs for hub genes were performed using bioinformatics tools. There were 486 and 288 DEGs of root and shoot tissue respectively. Venn diagram analysis demonstrated that 59 DEGs were common in both root and shoot tissues, including 51 upregulated genes and 8 downregulated genes enriched in response to water deprivation, response to osmotic stress, response to abscisic acid, response to oxidative stress, response to salt stress and other related pathways. Gene ontology and protein network analysis showed that TSPO, LTI78, AFP1, RAB18, LTI65, HAI1, HAI2, LEA4-5, LEA7, and F16B3.11 genes are hub genes in drought conditions. All hub genes except LEA7 and F16B3.11 were target genes of miRNAs. It seems that these genes and their related miRNAs can play a crucial role in drought response adaptation and they can be considered in breeding programs and genetic engineering for the production of drought-tolerant plants.
Effects of nano and ionized silicon on physiological and biochemical characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Authors: Saadatian Bijan , Kafi Mohamad , aval Mohamad Banayan , Hammami Hossein 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The role of protecting and structure stabilizing effects of silicon (Si) has been demonstrated on different plant species. Still it has not been used in potato seed production under a soilless culture system. Furthermore, particle size is very important in particle adhesion and interactions with biological reactions. Therefore, the use of nano-Si particles may be more efficient than ionized -Si. For this purpose, a greenhouse experiment under a soilless culture system was performed as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) arranged in a factorial with three replications. In this study, Si concentration (distilled water (Control), 0.8, 1.6, 2.4, and 3.2 mmol Si L− 1) and Si type at two levels (nano and ionized Si-based in sodium silicate) were tested. The results revealed that foliar application of Si significantly improved the net photosynthesis rate, water use efficiency, mesophyll conductance, Chl a, Chl b, carotenoids, Chl a/b ratio, DPPH radical scavenging, total phenol, mean weight mini-tuber, and yield, whereas transpiration rate in Si-treated plants decreased. Moreover, the greatest positive influence of Si was observed at 3.2 mmol L− 1. The effect of Nano-Si was greater than ionized-Si at all Si concentrations. The results revealed that improved biochemical and photosynthetic characteristics of potato plantlet under Nano-Si treatments compared to ionized-Si treatments. However, these relations were not significant under ionized treatment. This study indicated that the application of Si (nano and ionized) for potato growing and mini-tuber production has positive effects. Generally, under soilless culture system, Nano-Si have higher efficiency than ionized-Si in mini-tuber production.
Metabolic syndrome among Nigerians with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a comparative study of the diagnostic criteria.
Authors: Azeez Taoreed Adegoke , Adeleye Jokotade , Enigbokan Omololu Adedoyin , Adejimi Bolaji , Oladapo John Sunday 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMetabolic syndrome is associated with increased cardiovascular death. The objectives of this study were to find the frequency of metabolic syndrome among Nigerians with type 2 diabetes and to compare the modified NCEP ATP III criteria and the IDF criteria MethodsThe study involved 134 participants. Sixty-seven were cases with type 2 diabetes while the rest were the controls without type 2 diabetes. Ethical approval was granted by the institution’s ethics review committee. Anthropometric, clinical and laboratory parameters were obtained using standard protocols. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 22. Means were compared with Student’s t test while proportions were compared with the Pearson’s chi square. Point biserial correlation was used to determine the association between the dichotomous variables and interval variables. Agreement between the criteria was tested with the Cohen’s kappa test.ResultsType 2 diabetes was associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension and truncal obesity. The frequency of metabolic syndrome was lower with the IDF criteria compared with the modified NCEP criteria (65.7% vs 71.6%). Although there was a strong agreement between the IDF and the modified NCEP criteria (κ=0.862; p<0.0001) yet, the IDF criteria missed 8.3% of diabetic individuals diagnosed with metabolic syndrome by the modified NCEP criteria. Cardiovascular risk is better predicted when the modified NCEP criteria were used to diagnose metabolic syndrome.ConclusionMetabolic syndrome is very common among Nigerians with type 2 diabetes and it is better diagnosed with the modified NCEP ATP III criteria.
Poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide)-Coated Upconverting NaYF4:Yb,Er@NaYF4:Nd Core-Shell Nanoparticles For Fluorescent Labeling of Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Oleksa Viktoriia , Macková Hana , Engstová Hana , Patsula Vitalii , Shapoval Oleksandr , Velychkivska Nadiia , Ježek Petr , Horák Daniel 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Upconverting luminescent lanthanide-doped nanoparticles (UCNP) belong to promising new materials that absorb infrared light able to penetrate in the deep tissue level, while emitting photons in the visible or ultraviolet region, which makes them favorable for bioimaging and cell labeling. Here, we have prepared upconverting NaYF4:Yb,Er@NaYF4:Nd core-shell nanoparticles, which were coated with copolymers of N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) and 2-(acryloylamino)-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid (AMPS) or tert-butyl [2-(acryloylamino)ethyl]carbamate (AEC-Boc) with negative or positive charges, respectively. The copolymers were synthesized by a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, reaching Mn ~11 kDa and containing ~5 mol.% of reactive groups. All copolymers contained bisphosphonate end-groups to be firmly anchored on the surface of NaYF4:Yb,Er@NaYF4:Nd core-shell nanoparticles. To compare properties of polymer coatings, poly(ethylene glycol)-coated and neat UCNP were used as a control. UCNP with various charges were then studied as labels of carcinoma cells, including human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2, human cervical cancer HeLa, and rat insulinoma INS-1E cells. All the particles proved to be biocompatible (nontoxic); depending on their ξ-potential, the ability to penetrate the cells differed. This ability together with the upconversion luminescence are basic prerequisites for application of particles in photodynamic therapy (PDT) of various tumors, where emission of nanoparticles in visible light range at ~650 nm excites photosensitizer.
Orthorexia Nervosa Risk and associated factors among Chilean nutrition students: A pilot study.
Authors: Villa Manuel , Opawsky Nicole , Manriquez Sara , Ananías Nicole , Vergara-Barra Pablo , Leonario Marcell 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is characterized by an excessive, obsessive concern with healthy eating generating psychological complications and even malnutrition at a caloric and proteinic level. Current evidence suggests that people with greater food knowledge are the most likely to be affected, placing nutrition students as a populational risk group. Since there are no nationwide studies dealing with orthorexia nervosa in this risk group, the present pilot study intends to identify risk factors for orthorexia nervosa in a sample of Nutrition and Dietetics students in Chile. Method: a descriptive cross-sectional pilot study was done on 90 Nutrition and Dietetics students at a specific school, representing 70% of its population. The ORTHO-11-ES instrument was applied to determine ON risk, along with consulting about attitudinal, physical-clinical and social variables. Association was determined in GraphPad PRISM 8.0®. This study was approved by the university Ethics Committee based on the Helsinki Declaration. Results: 23.3% of the studied population was at risk of suffering ON. Associated variables were being in the second year of their major (OR 2.22), coming from a charter school (OR 3.00) and cohabitation being limited to ≤1 person (OR 2.47). Curiously, declared physical activity limits are associated to the risk of suffering ON (Sedentary OR 2.42, Heavy OR 3.53), as well as time spent on the social network Instagram (<1 hour OR 2.77, >3 hours OR 1.80). Conclusions: There is an ON risk prevalence of 23.3% in the present pilot sample under study, indicating that years of study, cohabitation, secondary educational establishment, physical activity and Instagram use constitute associated factors for the studied condition. Some results vary from international evidence, describing a dual nature in the variables for Instagram time and declared physical activity for ON risk. This study needs replication in more representative samples and longitudinal character with control groups which can confirm the studied elements as ON risk factors.