bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Covid-19 Response with Years in the Making: The Contribution of EAFIT University to Basic and Secondary Education in Colombia During the Pandemic
Authors: Zea Restrepo Claudia María , Leal-Fonseca Diego E. , Arango Salinas María-Antonia , Hernandez-Velez Laura 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDuring the health emergency generated by Covid-19, EAFIT University has worked closely with the National Ministry of Education (MoE) and its Vice-Ministry of Preschool, Basic and Secondary Education, providing ideas and guidelines to 96 certified Secretaries of Education (In Colombia, Secretaries of Education are responsible for managing resources and activities for the educational sector at the province and municipality level. Province governments coordinate educational service in all their municipalities except those over 100,000 inhabitants, which can apply to be certified and become autonomous in the management of their resources) in Colombia and strengthening their capacities to autonomously address the emergency in educational institutions. This work includes the development of a national project focused on collectively defining the actions needed for the successful return to academic activities.This experience is derived from the development, since 2012, of the UbiTAG (The name UbiTAG derives from “ubiquitous learning,” followed by tecnología–aprendizaje–gestión (“technology”–“learning”–“management”). The label was introduced in Zea et al. (2012)) model, a holistic approach to digital maturity and change management in schools that has been implemented through ongoing long-term projects in the Itagüí municipality (24 schools) and the Bogotá Capital District (383 schools). This case study will focus on the work that EAFIT has been doing during the emergency, supporting both the MoE and specific Secretaries of Education. In addition, the case will describe some aspects of the UbiTAG model that have helped to address the educational communities’ current challenges.
Astronomy with energy dependent flavour ratios of extragalactic neutrinos
Authors: Karmakar Siddhartha , Pandey Sujata , Rakshit Subhendu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHigh energy astrophysical neutrinos interacting with ultralight dark matter (DM) can undergo flavour oscillations that induce an energy dependence in the flavour ratios. Such a dependence on the neutrino energy will reflect in the track to shower ratio in neutrino telescopes like IceCube or KM3NeT. This opens up a possibility to study DM density profiles of astrophysical objects like AGN, GRB etc., which are the suspected sources of such neutrinos.
A model for mixed warm and hot right-handed neutrino dark matter
Authors: Dutra Maíra , Oliveira Vinícius , de S. Pires C. A , Queiroz Farinaldo S. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We discuss a model where a mixed warm and hot keV neutrino dark matter rises naturally. We arrange active and sterile neutrinos in the same SU(3)L multiplet, with the lightest sterile neutrino being dark matter. The other two heavy sterile neutrinos, through their out-of-equilibrium decay, contribute both to the dilution of dark matter density and its population, after freeze-out. We show that this model features all ingredients to overcome the overproduction of keV neutrino dark matter, and explore the phenomenological implications for Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and the number of relativistic degrees of freedom.
Singularities of eight- and nine-particle amplitudes from cluster algebras and tropical geometry
Authors: Henke Niklas , Papathanasiou Georgios 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We further exploit the relation between tropical Grassmannians and Gr(4, n) cluster algebras in order to make and refine predictions for the singularities of scattering amplitudes in planar $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills theory at higher multiplicity n ≥ 8. As a mathematical foundation that provides access to square-root symbol letters in principle for any n, we analyse infinite mutation sequences in cluster algebras with general coefficients. First specialising our analysis to the eight-particle amplitude, and comparing it with a recent, closely related approach based on scattering diagrams, we find that the only additional letters the latter provides are the two square roots associated to the four-mass box. In combination with a tropical rule for selecting a finite subset of variables of the infinite Gr(4, 9) cluster algebra, we then apply our results to obtain a collection of 3, 078 rational and 2, 349 square-root letters expected to appear in the nine-particle amplitude. In particular these contain the alphabet found in an explicit 2-loop NMHV symbol calculation at this multiplicity.
Bivariate Koornwinder–Sobolev Orthogonal Polynomials
Authors: Marriaga Misael E. , Pérez Teresa E. , Piñar Miguel A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe so-called Koornwinder bivariate orthogonal polynomials are generated by means of a non-trivial procedure involving two families of univariate orthogonal polynomials and a function $$\rho (t)$$

ρ
(
t
)

such that $$\rho (t)^2$$

ρ

(
t
)

2

is a polynomial of degree less than or equal to 2. In this paper, we extend the Koornwinder method to the case when one of the univariate families is orthogonal with respect to a Sobolev inner product. Therefore, we study the new Sobolev bivariate families obtaining relations between the classical original Koornwinder polynomials and the Sobolev one, deducing recursive methods in order to compute the coefficients. The case when one of the univariate families is classical is analysed. Finally, some useful examples are given.
Cross-reactive, natural IgG recognizing L. major promote parasite internalization by dendritic cells and promote protective immunity
Authors: Dermicik Filiz , Lopez Kostka Susanna , Tenzer Stefan , Waisman Ari , Von Stebut Esther 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In cutaneous leishmaniasis, infection of dendritic cells (DC) is essential for generation of T cell-dependent protective immunity. DC acquires Leishmania major through Fc receptor (FcR)-mediated uptake of complexes comprising antibodies bound to parasites. We now assessed the development of the initial B cell and DC response to the parasite itself and if natural IgG play a role. L. major parasites display large numbers of phospholipids on their surface. Parasites were opsonized with normal mouse serum (NMS), or serum containing anti-phospholipid IgG (PL). We found that L. major bound to PL which significantly enhanced parasite phagocytosis by DC as compared to NMS. Similar results were obtained with cross-reactive human PL antibodies using myeloid primary human DC. In addition, mice infected with PL-opsonized parasites showed significantly improved disease outcome compared to mice infected with NMS-opsonized parasites. Finally, IgMi mice, which produce membrane-bound IgM only and no secreted antibodies, displayed increased susceptibility to infection as compared to wild types. Interestingly, once NMS was administered to IgMi mice, their phenotype was normalized to that of wild types. Upon incubation with IgG-opsonized parasite (IgG derived from infected mice or using PL antibodies), also the IgMi mice were able to show superior immunity. Our findings suggest that “natural” cross-reactive antibodies (e.g., anti-PL Ab) in NMS bind to pathogens to facilitate phagocytosis, which leads to induction of protective immunity via preferential DC infection. Prior L. major-specific B cell-priming does not seem to be absolutely required to facilitate clearance of this important human pathogen in vivo.

Key messages

We found that anti-phospholipid (anti-PL) antibodies enhance phagocytosis of L. major by DCs.

We also found that normal mouse sera have natural antibodies that can imitate PL specific antibodies.

Using different genetically modified mice, we found that these antibodies can be IgG, not only IgM.
A new titanium-covered transobturator tape for surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Fahrni Anne-Claude , Betschart Cornelia , de la Jolinière Jean Bouquet , Dubuisson Jean-Bernard , Feki Anis , Major Attila Louis 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
To assess the long-term satisfaction, cure rate and safety of a new titanium-covered transobturator tape compared to polypropylene tape for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI).

Methods
A prospective study was conducted with 151 patients. Seventy patients underwent transobturator sling surgery with titanium tape from 2011 to 2019, and a historical control group (CG) of 81 patients was treated with a noncoated tape and underwent incontinence surgery from 1999 to 2009. We compared patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) with the incontinence outcome questionnaire (IOQ).

Results
The median follow-up was 2½ years in both groups. Based on responses to the IOQ, a statistically significantly shorter time of recovery (IOQ 15: 21.3 ± 26.4 [TG], 40.2 ± 38.5 [CG], p = 0.02), improvement of sex life (IOQ 13: 34.1 ± 29.4 [TG] vs. 65.3 ± 35.6 [CG], p = 0.01) and less voiding dysfunction (IOQ 19: 30.9 ± 28.1 [CG], 9.3 ± 18.6 [TG], p = 0.01) were observed in the TG. Objectively, no postoperative urinary retention was observed in the TG, but four cases were described in the CG. Ten patients needed a reoperation for SUI in the CG compared to three in the TG (p = 0.03).

Conclusion
The titanium-covered transobturator sling had superior recovery time, improved sexual function and reduced reoperation rate compared to a historical polypropylene group.
Elevational Changes in Bacterial Microbiota Structure and Diversity in an Arthropod-Disease Vector
Authors: Aivelo Tuomas , Lemoine Mélissa , Tschirren Barbara 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEnvironmental conditions change rapidly along elevational gradients and have been found to affect community composition in macroscopic taxa, with lower diversity typically observed at higher elevations. In contrast, microbial community responses to elevation are still poorly understood. Specifically, the effects of elevation on vector-associated microbiota have not been studied to date, even though the within-vector microbial community is known to influence vector competence for a range of zoonotic pathogens. Here we characterize the structure and diversity of the bacterial microbiota in an important zoonotic disease vector, the sheep tick Ixodes ricinus, along replicated elevational gradient (630–1673 m) in the Swiss Alps. 16S rRNA sequencing of the whole within-tick bacterial microbiota of questing nymphs and adults revealed a decrease in Faith’s phylogenetic microbial alpha diversity with increasing elevation, while beta diversity analyses revealed a lower variation in microbial community composition at higher elevations. We also found a higher microbial diversity later in the season and significant differences in microbial diversity among tick life stages and sexes, with lowest microbial alpha diversity observed in adult females. No associations between tick genetic diversity and bacterial diversity were observed. Our study demonstrates systematic changes in tick bacterial microbiota diversity along elevational gradients. The observed patterns mirror diversity changes along elevational gradients typically observed in macroscopic taxa, and they highlight the key role of environmental factors in shaping within-host microbial communities in ectotherms.
Parasite infection impairs the shoaling behaviour of uninfected shoal members under predator attack
Authors: Demandt Nicolle , Bierbach David , Kurvers Ralf H. J. M. , Krause Jens , Kurtz Joachim , Scharsack Jörn P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA key benefit of sociality is a reduction in predation risk. Cohesive group behaviour and rapid collective decision making are essential for reducing predation risk in groups. Parasite infection might reduce an individuals’ grouping behaviours and thereby change the behaviour of the group as a whole. To investigate the relationship between parasite infection and grouping behaviours, we studied groups of three-spined sticklebacks,Gasterosteus aculeatus, varying the number of individuals experimentally infected with the cestodeSchistocephalus solidus. We studied groups of six sticklebacks containing 0, 2, 3, 4 or 6 infected individuals before and after a simulated bird attack. We predicted that infected individuals would have reduced shoaling and swimming speed and that the presence of infected individuals within a group would reduce group cohesion and speed. Uninfected fish increased shoaling and reduced swimming speed more than infected fish after the bird attack. In groups containing both infected and uninfected fish, the group behaviours were dominated by the more frequent character (uninfected versus infected). Interestingly, groups with equal numbers of uninfected and infected fish showed the least shoaling and had the lowest swimming speeds, suggesting that these groups failed to generate a majority and therefore displayed signs of indecisiveness by reducing their swimming speed the most. Our results provide evidence for a negative effect of infection on a group’s shoaling behaviour, thereby potentially deteriorating collective decision making. The presence of infected individuals might thus have far-reaching consequences in natural populations under predation risk.Significance statementParasite-infected individuals often show deviating group behaviours. This might reduce the anti-predator benefits of group living. However, it is unknown whether such deviations in group behaviour might influence the shoaling behaviour of uninfected group members and thereby the behaviour of the group as a whole. By experimentally infecting sticklebacks and investigating groups varying in infection rates, we show that infected sticklebacks differ in their shoaling behaviours from uninfected sticklebacks. Additionally, the presence of infected sticklebacks within the group affected the behaviour of uninfected shoal members. We show that shoals of infected fish are less cohesive and move slower compared to shoals of uninfected fish. Furthermore, we show that the infection rate of the shoal is crucial for how the group behaves.
A National Evaluation of Surgeon Experiences in Telemedicine for the Care of Hernia and Abdominal Core Health Patients
Authors: Nikolian Vahagn C. , Akhter Mudassir , Iqbal Emaad J. , Sutton Thomas , Samhan Ashraf , Orenstein Sean B. , Rosen Michael J. , Poulose Benjamin K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundSurgeons are increasingly utilizing telemedicine to provide perioperative services to patients. Safety, satisfaction, and feasibility of these programs in general populations have been established, but it is unclear how telemedicine can be integrated into subspecialty care. We report results of a national survey related to telehealth practices among members of the Abdominal Core Health Quality Collaborative (ACHQC).
MethodsSurvey responses were analyzed to determine current strategies in telemedicine utilization. Surgeon preferences, perceptions of validity, and identified barriers to implementation of telemedicine were assessed.ResultsForty surgeons within the ACHQC responded, with 90% of respondents reporting use of telemedicine to deliver perioperative care to patients with hernias and abdominal core health concerns. Surgeons appeared to be more comfortable managing preoperative patients with image‐confirmed diagnoses of hernias. Surgeons were universally more comfortable delivering postoperative care via telemedicine. Connectivity, patient engagement, and reimbursement were identified as potential barriers to expansion of telemedicine. Seventy‐eight percent of respondents reported that they would increase telemedicine utilization if current regulations were maintained in the future.ConclusionsThis study found that hernia specialists are utilizing telemedicine at a higher rate than before the COVID‐19 pandemic, with surgeons reporting interest in continued use of this modality beyond the pandemic. These findings suggest that future work in telemedicine optimization may improve the quality of care that can be delivered to patients with abdominal core health concerns.
Role of umbilicocerebral and cerebroplacental ratios in prediction of perinatal outcome in FGR pregnancies
Authors: Coenen H. , Braun J. , Köster H. , Möllers M. , Schmitz R. , Steinhard J. , Oelmeier K. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Aim of our study was to compare the prognostic value of the Umbilical-to-Cerebral ratio (UCR) directly to the Cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) in the prediction of poor perinatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR).

Methods
A retrospective study was carried out on pregnant women with either a small-for-gestational age (SGA) fetus or that were diagnosed with FGR. Doppler measurements of the two subgroups were assessed and the correlation between CPR, UCR and relevant outcome parameters was evaluated by performing linear regression analysis, binary logistic analysis and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. Outcomes of interest were mode of delivery, acidosis, preterm delivery, gestational age at birth as well as birthweight and centiles.

Results
Boxplots and Scatterplots illustrated the different distribution of CPR and UCR leading to deviant correlational relationships with adverse outcome parameters. In almost all parameters examined, UCR showed a higher independent association with preterm delivery (OR: 5.85, CI 2.23–15.34), APGAR score < 7 (OR: 3.52; CI 1.58–7.85) as well as weight under 10th centile (OR: 2.04; CI 0.97–4.28) in binary logistic regression compared to CPR which was only associated with preterm delivery (OR: 0.38; CI 0.22–0.66) and APGAR score < 7 (OR: 0.27; CI 0.06–1.13). When combined with different ultrasound parameters in order to differentiate between SGA and FGR during pregnancy, odds ratios for UCR were highly significant compared to odds ratios for CPR (OR: 0.065, 0.168–0.901; p = 0.027; OR: 0.810, 0.369–1.781; p = 0.601). ROC curves plotted for CPR and UCR showed almost identical moderate prediction performance.

Conclusion
Since UCR is a better discriminator of Doppler values in abnormal range it presents a viable option to Doppler parameters and ratios that are used in clinical practice. UCR and CPR showed equal prognostic accuracy conserning sensitivity and specificity for adverse perinatal outcome, while adding UA PI and GA_scan increased prognostic accuracy regarding negative outcomes.
Risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with fatty liver disease as defined from the metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease point of view: a retrospective nationwide claims database study in Japan
Authors: Yoneda Masato , Yamamoto Takuma , Honda Yasushi , Imajo Kento , Ogawa Yuji , Kessoku Takaomi , Kobayashi Takashi , Nogami Asako , Higurashi Takuma , Kato Shingo , Hosono Kunihiro , Saito Satoru , Nakajima Atsushi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) have important associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The main objective of this study was to compare the frequency of incidence rate of CVD in the NAFLD or MAFLD patients utilizing a large claims database.

Methods
Using the JMDC database from April 2013 to March 2019, we retrospectively analyzed data for 1,542,688 and 2,452,949 people to estimate the relationship between CVD and NAFLD, MAFLD, respectively.

Results
The incidence rates of CVD were 0.97 (95% CI 0.94–1.01) and 2.82 (95% CI 2.64–3.01) per 1000 person-years in the non-NAFLD and NAFLD groups, respectively, and 1.01 (95% CI 0.98–1.03) and 2.69 (95% CI 2.55–2.83) per 1000 person-years in the non-MAFLD and MAFLD groups, respectively. The overall prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes mellitus (DM) was 13.1, and 4.2%, respectively, in the non-NAFLD group and 63.6, and 20.2%, respectively, in the NAFLD group. The overall prevalenceof hypertriglyceridemia and DM was 13.6 and 4.3%, respectively, in the non-MAFLD group and 64.1, and 20.6%, respectively, in the MAFLD group. HRs for CVD increased with hypertriglyceridemia and DM.

Conclusions
Results indicated that incident rate of CVD increased with NAFLD/MAFLD; the complication rate of DM and hypertriglyceridemia among NAFLD/MAFLD patients is high and may affect the development of CVD.
Dynamic analysis of railway bridges exposed to high-speed trains considering the vehicle–track–bridge–soil interaction
Authors: König Paul , Salcher Patrick , Adam Christoph , Hirzinger Benjamin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA new semi-analytical approach to analyze the dynamic response of railway bridges subjected to high-speed trains is presented. The bridge is modeled as an Euler–Bernoulli beam on viscoelastic supports that account for the flexibility and damping of the underlying soil. The track is represented by an Euler–Bernoulli beam on viscoelastic bedding. Complex modal expansion of the bridge and track models is performed considering non-classical damping, and coupling of the two subsystems is achieved by component mode synthesis (CMS). The resulting system of equations is coupled with a moving mass–spring–damper (MSD) system of the passing train using a discrete substructuring technique (DST). To validate the presented modeling approach, its results are compared with those of a finite element model. In an application, the influence of the soil–structure interaction, the track subsystem, and geometric imperfections due to track irregularities on the dynamic response of an example bridge is demonstrated.
Fairness in rankings and recommendations: an overview
Authors: Pitoura Evaggelia , Stefanidis Kostas , Koutrika Georgia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe increasingly depend on a variety of data-driven algorithmic systems to assist us in many aspects of life. Search engines and recommender systems among others are used as sources of information and to help us in making all sort of decisions from selecting restaurants and books, to choosing friends and careers. This has given rise to important concerns regarding the fairness of such systems. In this work, we aim at presenting a toolkit of definitions, models and methods used for ensuring fairness in rankings and recommendations. Our objectives are threefold: (a) to provide a solid framework on a novel, quickly evolving and impactful domain, (b) to present related methods and put them into perspective and (c) to highlight open challenges and research paths for future work.