bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ulex europaeus (gorse).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Pasiecznik Nick 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

U. europaeus was spread intentionally through most of the world in the 1800s and 1900s as a hedge plant, an ornamental and as a forage, although it is unlikely that it will be distributed to new areas for these purposes in future. It has large seeds and there is a threat from inadvertent introduction, but this is not high. U. europaeus was already declared a noxious weed 100 years ago in Australia and New Zealand, and is now a serious weed in many other countries, and poses a threat elsewhere where it is present but not yet invasive. It is an aggressive colonizer of disturbed habitats, and the risk from continued invasion in suitable climatic zones in countries where present is high. It is a tough, spiny, long-lived, tall shrub with a long-lived seed bank and is difficult to control. Thickets displace vegetation in grassland habitats, and outgrow and supplant tree seedlings in plantation forests. Heavy infestations modify soil and hydrological conditions, and so modify ecosystem processes. This plant poses a serious fire risk for indigenous ecosystems as well as managed habitats and human habitations.
Blattella germanica (German cockroach).
Authors: Beverley Claire 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

B. germanica is one of the most widespread cockroaches in the genus Blattella. It is native to North Africa (Ethiopia and Sudan) and has since spread rapidly around the world facilitated by international trade. This species is not tolerant of cold conditions and lives in close association with humans and/or human activities. B. germanica can be a major pest species which is both a nuisance and can cause health problems (allergies and infections). This species can also vector a number of potentially harmful pathogens and is linked with the spread of pathogens in hospitals and can lead to food borne illnesses. The ability of this species to spread rapidly is exacerbated by a resistance to chemicals for control.
Acacia crassicarpa (northern wattle).
Authors: Pasieczni Nick , McDonald Duncan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

A. crassicarpa is one of the fastest-growing acacias for planting on degraded sites in the seasonally-dry tropics. It tolerates a range of soil types, particularly those of low fertility. It is a nitrogen-fixing tree that produces abundant natural root nodulation. It is fire resistant and competes favourably against weed species such as Imperata cylindrica. It has the potential to produce a dense hardwood that can be used in industrial pulp production, as sawn or round timber for construction or as fuelwood.
Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

L. leucocephala is a versatile, fast-growing, nitrogen-fixing tree well suited to management in agroforestry systems. It has been, and still is, the most important species of Leucaena, both in terms of indigenous use of pods for food in Mexico and wider use as an exotic for livestock fodder, green manure, small wood products such as fuelwood and poles, and soil conservation. The value of L. leucocephala lies in its combination of multiple products, exceptional fodder quality, fast growth, and ease of propagation and management by farmers. It is one of the foremost tropical fodder trees, often being described as the 'alfalfa of the tropics' and was one of the first species to be used for the production of green manure in alley farming systems and live-barrier slope stabilization. These uses and benefits, combined with abundantly available seed, led to pantropical promotion and planting of L. leucocephala which was often heralded as a 'miracle tree' by national and international development agencies. With wider planting, a number of important limitations have become apparent including lack of cold and drought tolerance, poor growth on acid soils, heavy pod production resulting in weediness, low wood durability, and susceptibility to an important defoliating insect pest, the psyllid, Heteropsylla cubana. No other factor has halted promotion and use of L. leucocephala, and prompted the search for new genetic diversity and alternatives, with such urgency as the spread of the psyllid. The very extensive literature on L. leucocephala has been the focus of numerous reviews including those by Oakes (1968), Gray (1968), Pound and Martínez-Cairo (1983), National Research Council (1984), Brewbaker (1987), Hocking (1993), Jones et al. (1992, 1997) and Hughes (1998b).
Populus nigra (black poplar).
Authors: Praciak Andrew 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

P. nigra (black poplar) is a fast-growing tree utilized for afforestation and as an ornamental in all the temperate areas of the world. It is also utilized in breeding programmes as a parent, because it is compatible with many other Populus species. It is adaptable to many environments and different soil types, exhibits excellent rooting ability of stem cuttings and good resistance to pathogens.
Prosopis juliflora (mesquite).
Authors: Pasiecznik Nick 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

P. juliflora, known commonly as mesquite or algarrobo in its native neotropical region, is a tough and resilient tree providing fuelwood in arid lands world-wide. As a tree it will grow to about 13 m (-20 m) in height, and produce robust, hard and strong timber suitable for construction purposes and fine furniture production. It can grow on any type of soil, including highly alkaline and saline soils. It requires very little rainfall (it can survive on 70 mm per year). The pods provide a valuable fodder and human food crop, and are nutritious and palatable. The foliage, however, is not palatable, even to camels and goats, except the tips of very tender twigs; thus, the species is suitable for use in hedges and live fences. It has been used in reclamation reforestation of mining spoil, wastelands and sand dunes (Hocking, 1993).
Salix cinerea (grey sallow).
Authors: Pasiecznik Nick 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

S. cinerea (grey sallow) is included in the section Capreae of subgenus Caprisalix (Rechinger, 1964). It is a broadleaved willow, typically a large shrub generally much branched from the base with numerous intercrossing branches. Bark is dark grey, becoming fissured with age. The species forms a broad, rounded crown. Twigs are densely pubescent, remaining so at least until the end of the first year; wood of peeled twigs with long, scattered striae. Leaves very variable, usually ovate or oblanceolate, 2-9 cm long, 1-3 cm wide, dull grey-green and pubescent above or dark green and slightly lustrous. Catkins appearing in advance of the leaves in March and April. Male flowers with 2 free stamens. Capsule up to 10 mm (Meikle, 1984; Newsholme, 1992). S. cinerea is a Eurasian species, common throughout Europe, from the Mediterranean to Scandinavia (including Spain and Portugal, Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, the Aegean Islands and Turkey). Its range extends eastward to Asia, from the Crimea to the Caucasus, from northern Iran to Siberia, and north of the Caspian and Aral seas to the Chinese border (Jalas and Suominen, 1976; Skvortsov, 1999).It is a useful species in erosion control projects, and to protect marshlands and riverbanks. Because of its early flowering, it is also important for honeybees (Schiechtl, 1996). Hybrids with S. viminalis (S. × calodendron) are grown in the UK, Germany and Denmark to produce biomass as a energy source (McElroy et al., 1983).
Bauhinia purpurea (purple bauhinia).
Authors: Rojas-Sandov Julissa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

B. purpurea is widely distributed throughout the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent, and has been introduced into other tropical and subtropical regions, including Africa, South-East Asia and Australia. It is a medium-size multipurpose tree, which besides timber and fuelwood provides fodder, food, tannin and gum The bark, roots and flowers have medicinal properties. B. purpurea is widely planted as an ornamental tree in parks, gardens and homesteads, and along avenues. It can be propagated by direct seeding or planting out stumps or nursery-raised container seedlings. Air layering has also given promising results.
Biomimetic models of the human eye, and their applications
Authors: Regal Simon , Troughton Joseph , Djenizian Thierry , Ramuz Marc 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Replicating the functionality of the human eye has been a challenge for more than a century, creating a great wealth of biomimetic and bioinspired devices, and providing ever improving models of the eye for myriad research purposes. As improvements in microelectronics have proceeded, individual components of the eye have been replicated, and models of the optical behaviour of the eye have improved. This review explores both work developed for improving medical components, with an ultimate aim of a fully functioning prosthetic eye, and work looking at improving existing devices through biomimetic means. It is hoped that this holistic approach to the subject will aid in the cross pollination of ideas between the two research foci. The review starts by summarising the reported measurements of optical parameters of various components of the eye. It then charts the development of individual bionic components. Particular focus is put on the development of bionic and biomimetic forms of the two main adaptive components of the eye, namely the lens and the iris, and the challenges faced in modelling the light sensitive retina. Work on each of these components is thoroughly reviewed, including an overview of the principles behind the many different approaches used to mimic the functionality, and discussion of the pros and cons of each approach. This is concluded by an overview of several reported models of the complete or semi-complete eye, including details of the components used and a summary of the models’ functionality. Finally, some consideration is given to the direction of travel of this field of research, and which existing approaches are likely to bring us closer to the long term goal of a fully functional analogue of the eye.
Investigation of radiation-associated deformation in the electrical properties of metal-polymer semiconductor
Authors: Gokmen Uğur 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the present study, rubrene-based Schottky barrier structures have been formed by using the evaporation technique to investigate the conductance–voltage (G–V) and capacitance-voltage (C–V) values of the effect of the 60Co gamma-ray irradiation. The conductance and capacitance values were measured before and after 60Co gamma-ray radiation at 100 kHz, 500 kHz and 1 MHz. The frequency-dependent effects of interface state density and series resistance with and without irradiation in dark were analyzed at room temperature. The analysis results imply that values of forward and reverse C characteristics decrease the rate depending on gamma-ray irradiation and the increment of voltage due to the exchange of majority carriers between the majority carrier band of semiconductor and interface states. The irradiation dose and frequency increase show irradiation dispersion at the accumulation region when an A.C. signal is applied to the semiconductor structures. The G–V characteristics of rubrene-based Schottky barrier structures change with gamma radiation dose at different frequencies. Also, these characteristics relate to the density of the interface states. The analyses reveal that D

it
values decrease with the increase in frequency before 60Co gamma-ray irradiation. These values also decrease with the increase in frequency at the same radiation doses after 60Co gamma-ray irradiation. They decrease with the increase in irradiation doses at the same frequency, except for 100 kHz. Experimental results indicate that rubrene-based Schottky barrier structures can be altered using 60Co gamma-ray irradiation. The experimental contributions indicate a substantial step forward in the structure-function relationship in the benchmark organic semiconductors.
Design of high-performance guns for the HL-LHC HEL
Authors: Perini D. , Kolhemainen A. , Rossi A. , Sadovich S. , Stancari G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The High Luminosity LHC project (HL-LHC) foresees the
construction and installation of important new equipment to increase
the performance of the LHC machine. The Hollow Electron Lens (HEL)
is a promising system to control the beam halo. It improves the beam
collimation system of the HL-LHC and mitigates possible equipment
damage in case of failure scenarios from halo losses. The halo can
store up to 30 MJ energy. The specifications for this new device
are quite demanding. The source, an electron gun with an annular
shaped cathode, must deliver a current up to 5 A. This is five
times higher than the current in the existing electron lenses in
Fermi and Brookhaven national laboratories. This note describes the
programme carried out to design and test high-perveance guns
equipped with two types of high-performance scandate cathodes. The
size of the final gun for the HL-LHC lenses is now considerably
smaller than the one of the first prototype, allowing a reduction of
diameter and cost of the superconducting magnet system used to steer
the electron beam. The tests carried out at FNAL, BVERI and BJUT
demonstrated that the developed cathodes fulfil the specifications
and can supply a 5 A fully Space Charge Limited (SCL) current.
Modulation of winter precipitation associated with tropical cyclone of the western North Pacific by the stratospheric Quasi-Biennial oscillation
Authors: Wang Lei , Wang Lin , Chen Wen , Huangfu Jingliang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Tropical cyclone precipitation (TCP) has increasing impacts on many coastal regions under global warming. Causes of TCP variation have been principally explored in the troposphere. This study identifies the significant modulation of the stratosphere Quasi-Biennial oscillation (QBO) on the winter TCP in the coastal regions of the western North Pacific (WNP). In the westerly QBO winter, the zonal wind vertical shear anomalies in the stratosphere strengthen (weaken) convective activities around the East China Sea (the Philippines) and cause middle-level easterly (westerly) anomalies of the middle (low) latitudes in the troposphere, leading to more (less) TC activities around the East China Sea (the Philippines). Consequently, a TCP dipole pattern can be observed. The TCP increases in East China, Korean peninsula, Japan and Russian Far East, but decreases in Indo–China Peninsula, South China and the Philippines. These results not only improve the knowledge of QBO-TCP relationship but also provide a potential indicator for the seasonal prediction of the TCP in the coastal regions of the WNP due to the high predictability of the QBO.
A Green’s function approach to the linear response of a driven dissipative optomechanical system
Authors: Motazedifard Ali , Dalafi A , Naderi M H 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we first try to shed light on the ambiguities that exist in the literature in the generalization of the standard linear response theory (LRT) which has been basically formulated for closed systems to the theory of open quantum systems in the Heisenberg picture. Then, we investigate the linear response of a driven-dissipative optomechanical system (OMS) to a weak time-dependent perturbation using the so-called generalized LRT. It is shown how the Green’s function equations of motion of a standard OMS as an open quantum system can be obtained from the quantum Langevin equations (QLEs) in the Heisenberg picture. The obtained results explain a wealth of phenomena, including the anti-resonance, normal mode splitting and the optomechanically induced transparency (OMIT). Furthermore, the reason why the Stokes or anti-Stokes sidebands are amplified or attenuated in the red or blue detuning regimes is clearly explained which is in exact coincidence, especially in the weak-coupling regime, with the Raman-scattering picture.
The use of natural zeolites from Gunungkidul, Indonesia for preventing arsenic pollution of soils and plants
Authors: Budianta W 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The impact of mining activity is soil pollution caused by mining waste. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential use of natural zeolite for stabilization arsenic in contaminated soil. The soil samples were obtained from the mining area in the top layer and subsurface and then analyzed for arsenic concentrations. Immobilization experiment was conducted by using natural zeolite from Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, and the effects of natural zeolites in preventing of arsenic were investigated by assessed Jatropha curcas plant. Immobilization experiment revealed that by adding natural zeolites will decrease the concentrations of arsenic in plant material and suitable for sandy and loamy soil. This result is essential for preventing point leading to the entry of arsenic into the food chain.
Soil erosion mapping using GIS based model in agricultural area of Progo watershed, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Seika A N , Setyawan C , Ngadisih  , Tirtalistyani R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Soil erosion remains a strenuous problem for agricultural practices, particularly in tropical regions as happened in Indonesia. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of soil erosion in agricultural areas of a tropical watershed. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model in a Geographic Information System (GIS) was used for soil erosion assessment. RUSLE model parameters were collected from various sources. Soil erosion was classified into five classes such as very low (0-15 t ha−1 yr−1), low (15-60 t ha−1 yr−1), moderate (60-180 t ha−1 yr−1), heavy (180-480 t ha−1 yr−1), and very heavy (>480 t ha−1 yr−1). The result showed that the average soil erosion in the study site was 71.1 t ha−1 yr−1. More than 50% of the study site was occupied by very low class soil erosion, while heavy and very heavy class soil erosion occupied more than 20% of the study site. The finding of this study provides a useful reference for soil erosion control and studies.
The Population Structure and Presence of Helopeltis bradyi on the Tea Plant Parts at Various Times During the Day
Authors: Wagiman F X , Sari N M , Wijonarko A 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBehavioural characteristics of the tea mosquito bug,Helopeltis bradyi, are important to be understood to support the control efforts of the pest. The study was aimed to describe population structure and behaviour ofH. bradyion the tea plant parts. The field study was conducted at Pagilaran tea plantation located in Batang Regency, Central Java Province, at 870 m asl, in early dry season of March – April, 2018. All developmental stages ofH. bradyion tea plant parts of 20 sample plants were observed and recordedin situin the morning, at noon, and in the afternoon. Results showed that nymphs dominated theH. bradyipopulation structure. Population density in the morning (06.00-08.00 a.m.) was 45.1 individuals/20 plants (5.54% eggs, 80.71% nymphs, 13.75%adults), at noon (11.00 a.m.-13.00 p.m.) was 41.7 individuals/20 plants (3.40% eggs, 84.00% nymphs, 12.60% adults), and in the afternoon was 37.0 individuals/20 plants (0% eggs, 88.38% nymphs, 11.62% adults). TheH. bradyiwas mostly present on tea shoots at upper leaf surface namely 97.08% in the morning, 79.27% at noon, and 88.14% in the afternoon, the rest was on lower leaf surface, shoot internodes, and other plant parts. The eggs were only found on tender internodes of shoots.
How to Be a Better Surgical Pathology Consultant
Authors: Zarrin-Khameh Neda 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Consultation on surgical pathology specimens is part of the daily professional practice of every pathologist. We evaluated the characteristics of a good consultant and the habits that should be avoided.

Methods
A 1-page questionnaire was prepared to evaluate how pathologists select their consultants.

Results
The questionnaire was emailed to 106 pathologists. Fifty-eight pathologists completed the questionnaire (55% response rate). The most important criteria for a consultant were knowledge and expertise. Accessibility, turnaround time, and teaching (providing explanation about the case) were selected next for choosing a consultant. The 2 factors that contributed to avoiding a consultant were expensive workup and changing the diagnosis. Open questions about “definition of best/worst consultant,” “when to change the consultant,” and “if the criteria for consultant have changed over time” provided additional valuable information.

Conclusions
Accessibility, short turnaround time, and teaching are the most important reasons for selecting a consultant. Performing an expensive workup and being in the habit of changing the diagnosis are the factors that make a consultant less favorable.
Invited Commentary: Body Mass Index and Risk of Dementia—Potential Explanations for Life-Course Differences in Risk Estimates and Future Research Directions
Authors: Brenowitz Willa D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and health outcomes of older adults, including dementia, remains controversial. Many studies find inverse associations between BMI and dementia among older adults, while in other studies high BMI in midlife is associated with increased dementia risk. In this issue, Li et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2021;190(12):2503–2510) examine BMI from mid- to late life and risk of dementia using the extensive follow-up of the Framingham Offspring Study. They found changing trends in the association between BMI and dementia from a positive association for midlife (ages 40–49) to an inverse trend in late life. Their work demonstrates the importance of studying dementia risk factors across the life course. Midlife obesity might be an important modifiable risk factor for dementia. However, because incipient dementia can lead to weight loss, reverse causation remains a key source of bias that could explain an inverse trend between BMI and dementia in older ages. The extent of other biases, including unmeasured confounding, inaccuracy of BMI as a measure for adiposity, or selective survival, are also unclear. Triangulating evidence on body composition and dementia risk could lead to better targets for dementia intervention, but future work will need to evaluate specific pathways.
Association of Stress-Health Factors among Parkinson’s Disease Patient/Caregiving-Partner Dyads
Authors: Phillips Kala M , Siwik Chelsea , Rodgers Allison , Salmon Paul , Litvan Irene , Jablonski Megan E , Filoteo J Vincent , Cash Elizabeth , Sephton Sandra E 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveFew studies have explored the shared effects of Parkinson’s disease (PD) within patient/caregiver dyads. To fill this gap, we compared stress-health outcomes of patients with those of caregiving-partners, examined individual stress-health associations, and explored stress-health associations within dyads.MethodA total of 18 PD patient/caregiving-partner dyads (N = 36) reported on disease-specific distress, anxiety, quality of life (QOL), and provided saliva samples for cortisol assessment. This cross-sectional, secondary analysis of a prospective pilot study used Actor-Partner Interdependence Models to test aims.ResultsPatients reported greater anxiety, poorer QOL, and demonstrated flatter cortisol slopes and higher mean bedtime cortisol compared to caregiving-partners. Both patients and caregiving-partners with greater anxiety had elevated bedtime cortisol and poorer QOL. Greater disease-specific distress in an individual was associated with higher diurnal mean cortisol in their partner.ConclusionsFindings highlight the potential for psychosocial interventions at the dyadic level to reduce shared burden and promote coping among PD patient/caregiving-partner dyads.