bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Injury Patterns in Pediatric Facial Fractures Unique to an Urban Environment
Authors: Sclafani Anthony P. , Sclafani Matthew Scott , Long Sallie , Losenegger Tasher , Spielman Daniel , Obayemi Ade , Cosiano Michael F. , Neuner Romy , Kacker Ashutosh , Reeve Gwendolyn , Stewart Michael G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to define better the clinical presentation, fracture patterns, and features predictive of associated injuries and need for surgery in pediatric facial trauma patients in an urban setting. Charts of patients 18 years or younger with International Classification of Disease 9th and 10th revision (ICD-9/ICD-10) codes specific for facial fractures (excluding isolated nasal fractures) at NY-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center between 2008 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Of 204 patients, most were referred to the emergency department by a physician's office or self-presented. Children (age 0–6 years) were most likely to have been injured by falls, while more patients 7 to 12 years and 13 to 18 years were injured during sporting activities (p < 0.0001). Roughly half (50.5%) of the patients had a single fracture, and the likelihood of surgery increased with greater numbers of fractures. Older patients with either orbital or mandibular fractures were more likely to undergo surgery than younger ones (p = 0.0048 and p = 0.0053, respectively). Cranial bone fractures, CSF leaks, and intracranial injuries were more common in younger patients (p < 0.0001) than older patients and were more likely after high energy injuries; however, 16.2% of patients sustaining low energy injuries also sustained cranial bone, CSF leak, or intracranial injury. In an urban environment, significant pediatric facial fractures and associated injuries may occur after nonclassic low kinetic energy traumatic events. The age of the patient impacts both the injuries sustained and the treatment rendered. It is essential to maintain a high index of suspicion for associated injuries in all pediatric facial trauma patients.
Samir Amin and Eastern Europe
Authors: Artner Annamária 
Published: February 2021

SUMMARY
This debate discusses four aspects of Samir Amin’s thoughts regarding Eastern Europe: Amin’s overall evaluation of the Soviet bloc; the relevance of his concepts on the centrality of the periphery; the ‘long transition to socialism’; and the role of nationalism and Eurocentrism in Eastern Europe. The author concludes that Eastern Europe does not fit into the historical role of the periphery as understood by Amin, and that the Eurocentric nationalism of the region serves to promote global capitalism instead of helping to further the anti-capitalist struggle.
Antiphospholipid antibodies in COVID-19-associated pneumonia patients in intensive care unit
Authors: Karahan Samet , Erol Kemal , Yuksel Recep Civan , Artan Cem , Celik Ilhami 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Antiphospholipid antibodies (APAs) increase the risk of excessive blood clotting, but their role in COVID-19 remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the presence of conventional APAs used in the classification of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome in patients with severe lung infection with SARS-CoV-2 and to compare these results with non-COVID-19 critically ill patients

Methods
Thirty-one COVID-19 patients (COVID group) and 28 non-COVID-19 critically ill patients (non-COVID group), were included in the study. Anti-cardiolipin (ACA) (IgG, IgM), anti-β2-glycoprotein 1 (Anti-β2GPI) (IgG, IgM, and IgA), and if the patient had not received any anti thrombotic agent before blood collection, lupus anticoagulant (LAC) tests were studied from the plasma of the patients. For testing ACA and Anti-β2GPI, ELISA method was used, while fully automated coagulometer device was used for LAC test.

Results
APAs were positive in 25.81% in the COVID group (8/31) and 25% in the non-COVID group (7/28). LAC was the most common APA present in 23.08% of the COVID-19 group, who underwent measurement (6/26), while 3.57% of the non-COVID group was LAC positive (1/28) (p = .047). In the COVID group, ACA IgM, and IgG were positive in 6.45% and 0%, respectively (2/31 vs 0/31). In the non-COVID group, ACA IgM was not positive in any patient, while ACA IgG was positive in 7.14% (2/28). Anti-β2GPI IgG and IgM tests were not positive in any patient in either the COVID or the non-COVID group. Anti-β2GPI IgA were positive in 6.45% and 14.29%, respectively (2/31 vs 4/28).

Conclusion
In this study, APAs were equally positive in critically ill patients among COVID-19 or non-COVID-19 patients. Only LAC was more observed in COVID-19 patients.

Key messages
Measuring the Earth’s albedo with simple instruments
Authors: Kraus Simon F 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Earth’s albedo, as the fraction of sunlight that is directly reflected back into space from the surface or clouds, is a key factor in modeling Earth’s climate. In tasks such as the simplified estimation of the mean temperature, it is usually given as a constant, without mentioning its determination and the associated difficulties. In fact, the albedo can be determined by a basically simple procedure based on the observation of a well-known phenomenon: Earth’s shine. A comparison of the intensities between the directly illuminated side of the Moon and the side illuminated by Earth’s shine provides the mean albedo for a large part of the Earth’s surface. In this paper, the procedure will be reproduced using simple instruments. Assuming the reflection properties of a Lambert sphere—an ideal diffuse reflecting body—for the Earth, and using measurements of the phase function—as a description for the angular distribution of the scattered light—of the Moon, the Earth’s albedo is determined from self-acquired data. Even with these simple conditions it is possible to come quite close to the value of the Earth’s albedo.
Pathway towards 24% efficiency for fully screen-printed passivated emitter and rear contact solar cells
Authors: Zhang Yuchao , Wang Li , Chen Daniel , Kim Moonyong , Hallam Brett 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this work, the efficiency potential of the fully screen-printed passivated emitter and rear contact (PERC) solar cell structure is investigated via numerical simulations. A series of improvements and optimizations are performed on bulk quality, emitter properties and metallization of screen-printed PERC solar cells based on experimental results obtained in both industry and laboratory environments. With significantly improved bulk and surface passivation quality, we find that carrier recombination losses at the metal/silicon interface will impose a substantial limitation on efficiencies, highlighting the need for developing new screen-printing technologies to overcome the limitation from contact recombination. By improving the effectiveness of the back-surface field, reducing coverage area of laser-doped selective emitters and the front metal/silicon interface contact area, a 15 mV improvement in open-circuit voltage (V
OC) was achieved in our modelled cells, due to greatly reduced contact recombination losses. With the further implementation of a multi-busbar and fine-line printing technologies, efficiency above 24% was obtained from simulations. Subsequently, a comprehensive pathway towards 24% efficiency for screen-printed PERC solar cells is proposed, without the need to implement passivated contacts or transition to a plated metallisation scheme. Key target requirements for future developments are also identified.
New insights into sub-barrier fusion of 28Si + 100Mo
Authors: Stefanini A M , Montagnoli G , D’Andrea M , Giacomin M , Dehman C , Somasundaram R , Vijayan V , Zago L , Colucci G , Galtarossa F , Goasduff A , Grebosz J 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Fusion cross sections of the 28Si + 100Mo system have been measured near and below the Coulomb barrier by detecting the evaporation residues at forward angles. The excitation function has an overall smoother trend than what obtained in a previous experiment, and a large discrepancy is found for the lowest-energy region, where we observe a tendency of the S factor to develop a maximum, which would be a clear indication of hindrance. The results have been compared with the theoretical prediction of coupled-channels calculations using a Woods–Saxon nuclear potential, and including the low-energy excitation modes of both nuclei. Good agreement with data is found by including, in the coupling scheme, the three lowest members of the ground state rotational band of the oblate deformed 28Si, and two-phonons of the strong quadrupole vibration of 100Mo. The additional coupling, in a schematic way, of the two-neutron pick-up between ground states (Q-value = +4.86 MeV) has a minor effect on calculated cross sections, and does not essentially improve the data fit. The excitation function of 28Si + 100Mo has been compared with that of (1) the heavier system 60Ni + 100Mo having analogous features, and (2) several near-by 28Si, 32S + Zr, Mo systems with various nuclear structures and transfer Q-values. The role of quadrupole and octupole excitation modes, as well as of transfer channels, in affecting the fusion dynamics, are clarified to some extent. Systematic measurements of fusion barrier distributions and CC calculations properly including transfer couplings, are necessary, in order to shed full light on the influence of the various coupled channels on the fusion cross sections.
First-principles calculation of atomic structure, stability and electronic structure of TaB2/SiC interface
Authors: Cheng Gong , Xiong Yuqing , Zhou Hui , He Yanchun , Zhang Kaifeng , Cao Shengzhu , Wang Keliang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The atomic structure, interface stability and electronic interaction of TaB2(0001)/SiC(111) interfaces were investigated by first principles calculation. The study found that the termination atom and stacking position are the key factors affecting the bonding strength and stability of the interface. On the basis of considering work of adhesion (W
ad) and interfacial energy (γ
int), the Ta–TaB2/C–SiC center-site stacked (Ta–CS–C) and B–TaB2/C–SiC center-site stacked (B–CS–C) configurations are recognized as the most stable structures from ten TaB2/SiC interface models. Electronic interaction of the two most stable interfaces were revealed by analyzing the charge density distribution, charge density difference and partial density of states, and found that ionic and metallic bond coexisted in Ta–CS–C interface, while covalent bond played a dominant role in B–CS–C interface.
Rational design of π bridge to forecast photoelectric performance of dye
Authors: Ren Penghui , Liu Anmin , An Maozhong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The conjugate bridge plays an important role in the D–π–A sensitizers, which affects the optical properties, energy levels and electron transfer from donor to acceptor unit. The transfer and securing abilities of conjugate bridge is a necessary conditions to raise the red-shift absorption band, light harvesting ability. In this paper, the effect of conjugate bridge in the D–π–A sensitizers, such as benzene, thiophene, bithiophene, 4-(thiophen-2-yl)benzo[c] [1,2,5]thiadiazole, 4-(thiophen-2-yl)benzo[c] [1,2,5]thiadiazole, terthiophene and so on, which were studied to predict the photoelectric properties of molecules. The ground-state structure and excited-state properties of the dyes and dyes/TiO2 were calculated using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). The short circuit density (J
sc), open-circuit voltage (V
oc), fill factor (FF), and photo-to-electric conversion efficiency (η) are critical factors for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Then, this method not only considered the relationship between macroscopic phenomena and macroscopic properties but also reasonably selected the dye molecules suitable for dye batteries.
Lead halide perovskites with aggregation-induced emission feature coupled with gold nanoparticles for fluorescence detection of heparin
Authors: Qu Fei , Yin Tian , Fa Qianqian , Jiang Dafeng , Zhao Xian-en 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Herein, a new kind of lead halide perovskite (LHP, (C12H25NH3)2PbI4) with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) feature is developed as a fluorescent probe for heparin (Hep). The LHPs exhibit high emission when they aggregate in water. Interestingly, a few picomoles of dispersed gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can quench the emission of LHPs, but the aggregated AuNPs are invalid. When protamine (Pro) is mixed with AuNPs at first, the negatively charged AuNPs aggregate through electrostatic interaction, producing the AIE recovery. Nevertheless, Hep disturbs the interaction between AuNPs and Pro due to its strong electrostatic interaction with Pro. Therefore, the dispersed AuNPs quench the fluorescence of LHPs again. A response linear range of Hep of 0.8–4.2 ng ml−1 is obtained, and the detection limit is 0.29 ng ml−1. Compared with other probes for determination of Hep with AuNPs, this strategy exhibits better sensitivity due to the small quantity of AuNPs used. Finally, it is also successfully applied to detect Hep in human serum samples with satisfactory recoveries.
On the rotational–translational equilibrium in non-thermal argon plasmas at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Labelle Francis , Durocher-Jean Antoine , Stafford Luc 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This work examines the rotational–translational equilibrium in non-thermal, argon-based plasmas at atmospheric pressure. In particular, rotational temperatures (T
rot) and neutral gas temperatures (T
g) are compared along the axis of plasma columns sustained by either radiofrequency (RF) or microwave (MW) electromagnetic fields. Water vapours or N2 admixtures are added to the high-purity argon plasmas to record the rotational temperatures from the emission spectra of either the OH(A2Σ
+
− X2Π
i
) or the N2
+(B2Σ
u

+
− X2Σ
g

+
) rovibrational systems. T
g values are also deduced from the line broadening of selected Ar emission lines using an hyperfine spectrometer. In the MW Ar/H2O plasma, T
g decreases from ∼2100 K close to the wave launcher to ∼1600 K near the end of the plasma column, while T
rot is mostly constant in the 1500 K range. In presence of N2 admixtures instead of water vapours, T
g is higher by about 300 K (from ∼2400 K to ∼1900 K), while T
rot decreases from ∼3200 K to ∼2750 K along the plasma column. A discrepancy between T
g and T
rot is also observed in the much colder RF plasmas with T
g ∼ 400 K and T
rot ∼ 515 K. Such departure from the rotational–translational equilibrium in both plasmas is ascribed to the influence of electrons competing with neutrals to impose their own temperature on the distribution of rotational levels of both ground and excited states.
Quantum blackbody thermometry
Authors: Norrgard Eric B , Eckel Stephen P , Holloway Christopher L , Shirley Eric L 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Blackbody radiation sources are calculable radiation sources that are frequently used in radiometry, temperature dissemination, and remote sensing. Despite their ubiquity, blackbody sources and radiometers have a plethora of systematics. We envision a new, primary route to measuring blackbody radiation using ensembles of polarizable quantum systems, such as Rydberg atoms and diatomic molecules. Quantum measurements with these exquisite electric field sensors could enable active feedback, improved design, and, ultimately, lower radiometric and thermal uncertainties of blackbody standards. A portable, calibration-free Rydberg-atom physics package could also complement a variety of classical radiation detector and thermometers. The successful merger of quantum and blackbody-based measurements provides a new, fundamental paradigm for blackbody physics.
Insights into the physical properties of inverse-Heusler alloy Cr2CoGa via density functional theory
Authors: Hasan Md Zahid , Rayhan M A , Rahman Md Atikur , Rasheduzzaman Md , Modak Jibon Krishna , Hossain Khandaker Monower 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
First-principles analyses are accomplished on the structural, mechanical, thermal, electronic, and optical properties of inverse-Heusler alloy Cr2CoGa using density functional theory. Our determined lattice parameters agree very well with prior findings. The mechanical properties of both cubic and tetragonal phases of Cr2CoGa compound are thoroughly investigated. The elastic constants meet the Born criteria for mechanical stability of the studied compound. The ductile behavior is exhibited by the calculated Pugh’s ratio 2.66 and 2.91 as well as the Poisson’s ratio 0.33 and 0.35 for cubic and tetragonal phase, respectively, and the tetragonal phase is more ductile comparing this two phases. The universal elastic anisotropy of cubic and tetragonal Cr2CoGa is 0.25 and 0.28, respectively, revealing their anisotropic nature, which is also confirmed by the non-spherical 3D anisotropy contour plots. The estimated Debye temperature and minimum thermal conductivity suggest potential application of Cr2CoGa as a thermal barrier coating. The calculated electronic band structure and density of states suggest the metallic characteristics of Cr2CoGa. Moreover, the important optical parameters, namely, dielectric constants, refractive index, absorption coefficient, photoconductivity, reflectivity, and loss function are also investigated and discussed towards the efficient applications of Cr2CoGa.
Refractive index Mach–Zehnder interferometer sensor based on tapered no-core fiber
Authors: Zhao Yeming , Tong Zhengrong , Zhang Weihua , Zhang Jietong , Li Jiaxin , Wang Xue 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A Mach–Zehnder interferometer sensor based on tapered no-core fiber (NCF) is proposed in this paper. Due to the multimode interference of the single-mode fiber (SMF)–NCF–SMF structure and the higher-order modes excited by the tapered structure, the sensor is more sensitive to the refractive index. The refractive index sensitivities are 130.5 nm RIU−1 from 1.340 to 1.380, 330.0 nm RIU−1 from 1.380 to 1.420, and 906.0 nm RIU−1 from 1.420 to 1.440, respectively. The temperature sensitivity is 0.0595 nm °C−1 from 30 °C to 90 °C. This proposed sensor has a simple structure and low cost, which can be widely used for biological sensing.
Simulation of neutron-tagged deep inelastic scattering at EicC *
Authors: Xie Gang , Li Meng-Yang , Han Cheng-Dong , Wang Rong , Chen Xurong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Measuring the pionic structure function is of high interest, as it provides a new area for understanding the strong interaction among quarks and testing QCD predictions. To this end, we investigate the feasibility and expected impact of a possible experiment at EicC (Electron-ion collider in China). We show the simulation results on the statistical precision of an EicC measurement, based on the model of leading neutron tagged DIS process and the parton distribution functions of the pion from JAM18 global analysis. The simulation shows that at EicC, the kinematics cover the

range from 0.01 to 1, and the

range from 1 to 50 GeV

, within the acceptable statistical uncertainty. Assuming an integrated luminosity of 50 fb

, in the low-

region (

GeV

), the Monte Carlo data show that the suggested measurement in the whole

range reaches very high precision (

%). To perform such an experiment, only the addition of a far-forward neutron calorimeter is needed.
The value of stable, comparable and standardised measurement: enabling confidence in decision making for societal challenges
Authors: Brown Richard J C , Janssen Jan-Theodoor 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Making decisions that have broad societal and economic impact is extremely hard. This is especially true when the data upon which choices for future action are based are unstable or have uncertain provenance. This letter discusses the benefits of metrology, as the science of measurement, in providing data that is stable, comparable and produced using standardised methods, in enabling greater confidence in the decision-making process. A key part of this increased confidence is via providing input data with reduced uncertainty, thereby decreasing the uncertainty of future predictions. The application of these principles to the two biggest societal challenges currently, COVID-19 and climate change, is discussed, and similarities and differences of approaches highlighted. It is foreseen that the role of metrology in enabling evidence-based decision making will become increasingly more important in future. Formal agreements and memoranda of understanding between the metrology community and the relevant global technical bodies are the best way to improve data quality, reliability and comparability, and therefore the confidence with which decisions can be made. Whilst uncertainties in data may be driven down as technology and metrology improves, they can never be eliminated entirely, and we must accept some level of uncertainty in our decision making.
Traffic dynamics of uni- and bidirectional pedestrian flows including dyad social groups in a ring-shaped corridor
Authors: Ye Rui , Fang Zhiming , Lian Liping , Wang Qiao , Zeng Guang , Cao Shuchao , Zhang Jun , Song Weiguo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce dyad social groups into the experiment to mimic uni- and bidirectional pedestrian flows that are closer to real life. According to the experimental videos, different strategies of collision avoidance for dyads are observed and classified. Moreover, we observe an interesting lane-merging phenomenon in bidirectional scenarios. Fundamental diagrams are calculated based on two measurement methods, and further compared with previous individual experiments (without dyads), confirming the negative impact of social groups due to their inherent cohesion during the movement process. Then, group characteristics such as group distance and spatial alignment are analyzed under the influence of different global densities. It is interesting to note that the effect of density on spatial alignment distribution is opposite in uni- and bidirectional scenarios, i.e. the increasing density will make the distribution less scattered in the unidirectional flow, which is contrary to the phenomenon in the bidirectional flow. Finally, based on the time evolution of congestion level and crowd danger, they can be good indicators of transitions from disorder to order, especially in bidirectional scenarios. Furthermore, the differences between uni- and bidirectional flows can be well distinguished through the relations between density and congestion level, as well as crowd danger.
ITNT Proceedings Preface Proceedings of the VI International Conference on Information Technology and Nanotechnology (ITNT-2020); 26-29 May 2020, Samara, Russia
Authors: Kozlova E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The VI International Conference on Information Technology and Nanotechnology (ITNT-2020: http://itnt-conf.org/) was held in Samara, Russia, May 26-29, 2020, at Samara National Research University and Image Processing Systems Institute of RAS. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Conference has to be moved to a virtual regime. Despite the new format, the ITNT-2020 gathered a large quorum of participants, who presented more than 500 talks in different actual topics of modern science. These proceedings of the VI International Conference on Information Technology and Nanotechnology contain 120 papers which have been peer-reviewed by special Committee of Editors to guarantee high quality and novelty of presented research. The topics discussed include computer optics, nanophotonics, mathematical modeling of physico-technical processes and systems.