bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Mapping Based on Single Segment Substitution Lines for Plant Height in Rice
Authors: Fu Yu , Zhao Hongyuan , Huang Jiongkai , Zhu Haitao , Luan Xin , Bu Suhong , Liu Zupei , Meng Lijun , liu guifu , Zhang Guiquan , Wang Shaokui 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Dynamic regulations of QTLs still remain mysterious. Single segment substitution lines and conditional QTL mapping, functional QTL mappings are ideal materials and methods to explore epistatic interactions, expression patterns and functions of QTLs for complex traits.Results: Based on single segment substitution lines five QTLs on plant height in rice were identified first in this paper, and then their epistatic interactions, expression patterns and functions were systemmatically studied by tailing after each QTL. Unconditional QTL mapping showed the five QTLs were with significant effects at one or more stages, all of which increased plant height except QTL1. They interacted each other as homeostatic mechanisms to regulate plant height with negative effects before 72d after transplanting and positive since then. Conditional QTL mapping revealed the expression quantities and periods for the five QTLs and their epistases. Temporal expression pattern was verified again by selective expressions of QTLs in specific periods. QTL1 expressed negatively while QTL2 and QTL4 positively, mainly occurring in the periods from 35 to 42d and from 49 to 56d after transplanting. Epistatic expressions were dispersedly in various periods, mainly with negative effects before 35d while positive since then. Functional QTL mapping discovered the five QTLs brought the inflexion point ahead of schedule, accelerated the growth and the degradation, and changed the peak of plant height, while their interactions had the opposite effects approximately. This paper uncovered the dynamic rules of five QTLs and their interactions on plant height systematically, which will be helpful to understand the genetic mechanism for developmental traits.Conclusions: Five single segment substitution lines were tested with significant additive, dominant and epistatic effects of QTLs on plant height. Additive and dominant expressions were mainly in two periods, while epistasis dispersedly. The five QTLs and their interactions significantly regulated the developmental trajectory of plant height.
Tri-valued Memristor-based Hyper-chaotic System with Hidden and Coexistent Attractors
Authors: Wang Xiaoyuan , Gao Meng , Iu Herbert Ho-Ching , Wang Chunhua 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Recently, the nonlinear dynamics of memristor has attracted much attention. In this paper, a novel fourdimensional hyper-chaotic system (4D-HCS) is proposed by introducing a tri-valued memristor to the famous L¨u system. Theoretical analysis shows that the 4D-HCS has complex chaotic dynamics such as hidden attritors and coexistent attractors, and it has larger maximum Lyapunov exponent and chaotic parameter space than the original L¨u system. We also experimentally analyze the dynamics behaviors of the 4D-HCS in aspects of the phase diagram, Poincar´e mapping, bifurcation diagram, Lyapunov exponential spectrum, and the correlation coefficient, and the analysis results show the

complex dynamic characteristics of the proposed 4D-HCS. In addition, the comparison with binary-valued memristorbased chaotic system shows that the 4D-HCS has unique characteristics such as hyper-chaos and coexistent attractors. To show the easy implementation of the 4D-HCS, we implement the 4D-HCS in an analogue circuit-based hardware platform, and the implementation results are consistent with the theoretical analysis. Finally, using the 4D-HCS, we design a pseudorandom number generator to explore its potential application in cryptography.
Novel application of multitubular nozzle in through-feed centerless grinding process of bearing steel SAE 52100
Authors: Neto Luiz Maurício Gonçalves , Rodriguez Rafael Lemes , Lopes José Claudio , Ribeiro Fernando Sabino Fonteque , Królczyk Grzegorz M. , Sanchez Luiz Eduardo de Ângelo , de Mello Hamilton José , Bianchi Eduardo Carlos 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Through-feed centerless grinding is a high-productivity machining process widely used for mass production of cylindrical parts and rotationally symmetrical parts in automotive and bearing industries. Grinding process is strictly related to large amount of heat generated in the cutting zone. This process characteristic makes pivotal and indispensable the effects of lubrication and cooling provided by metal working fluid (MWF). In this regard, this work aims to contribute to the study of MWF application in grinding process, analyzing the effects of the optimized technique developed for an eco-friendlier use of MWF by the application of a novel multitubular nozzle. The results obtained for the novel designed multitubular nozzle with compressed air outperformed the conventional nozzle system with lower oil volume employed.
Cerebrovascular Manifestations of Adult-Onset Varicella Zoster Virus Infection in the Central Nervous System: A Literature Review
Authors: Wu Hangfei , Wang Ruoru , Li Yuanyuan , Sun Xu , Li Jiasi , Bi Xiaoying 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

Cerebrovascular complications after adult-onset varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection have been increasingly recognized. The aim of this study was to analyze clinical and neuroimaging findings, treatment and outcome of these patients.
Methods

Systematic literature review from January 2000 to December 2019.
Results

We analyzed 31 articles with a total of adult-onset 34 cases, including 25 (73.53%) cases of ischemic stroke (median age 52 years), 6 of intracerebral hemorrhage (median age 70.5 years) and 3 with venous sinus thrombosis. The incidence in men was higher than in women in ischemia (72% and 28%) or venous sinus thrombosis groups (100% for men). There was median time with 42.8 days from herpes zoster infection to hospital in patients with ischemic stroke. Cognitive impairment was the most common symptoms either in the ischemic group (56%) or hemorrhagic group (83.33%). The lesions after VZV-associated cerebral infarction or hemorrhage were mutifocal and was most common in the parietal lobe. Venous sinus thrombosis was common in the transverse sinus (100%). Lesions in large vessels (48%) were common, followed by small vessels (36%) in ischemic group and multiple beaded stenosis (16.67%) were showed in hemorrhagic group by digital subtraction angiography or magnetic resonance angiography. 60.87% of the patients with antiviral treatment in the ischemic group had favorable prognosis. All patients with anticoagulant therapy in venous sinus thrombosis group improved well (100%), however, 60% of the patients with intracerebral hemorrhage had a poor prognosis or died.
Conclusion

We found ischemic stroke related with VZV encephalitis is common and mainly affects the middle-aged. In general, the young patients with venous sinus thrombosis improve completely, however, the old patients with intracerebral hemorrhage have poor prognosis. When the patient represents with some neurological symptoms within 2 months after VZV infection, and multiple lesions probably induced by vasculitis showed in neuroimaging, cerebral complications related with VZV infection should be considered even though the existence of some vascular risk factors for atherosclerosis.
Vagus Nerve Schwannoma At Cerebellopontine Angle With Extracranial Extension Through Jugular Foramen
Authors: Tang Hao , Sun Zhenghui , Zhang Jiashu , Yu Xinguang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Communicating tumors between the posterior fossa and parapharyngeal space are rare and difficult to diagnose and treat. Surgical excision of these space lesions is challenging because of the anatomical complexity of the area. In this case we successfully made full resection of a big rare vagus nerve schwannoma at cerebellopontine angle and parapharyngeal space. Surgical resection is the treatment of first choice for this disease. The degree of lesion adhesion to the brain stem and peripheral vessels determines the degree of tumor resection and prognosis of patients.
New Method for Examining Association Between Obesity and Diabetes With Age Among Korean Adults
Authors: Kang Nam Lyong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study examined the age-dependence of the association between diabetes and obesity among Korean adults. The data from the Seventh Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2017) were analyzed. This paper considered the body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHT2R) as obesity indices and the fasting blood glucose (FBG) as a diabetes index and used their lump mean values and the regression method. The WEHT2R was a more suitable index for examining the FBG than the BMI. The increase in the WHT2R of females was more sensitive to age than that of males. In contrast, the increase in the FBG of males was more sensitive to age than that of females. The ages that FBG increased to 100.0 mg/DL were 44.7 and 60.5 years for males and females, respectively. Korean adults should reduce their WHT2R to prevent the excessive increase in their FBG level and Korean males should take care of their FBG from a young age. The present results can be used for a preliminary inspection of diseases, such as functional degradation of Langerhans islets and gestational diabetes
Moral distress amongst intensive care unit professions in the UK: A qualitative study
Authors: Boulton Adam Jonathan , Yeung Joyce , Bassford Christopher , Slowther Anne-Marie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background:

Working in intensive care presents psychological challenges to healthcare professionals, including moral distress. Concerningly, moral distress is associated with burnout and a tendency to leave the profession. The COVID-19 pandemic has further highlighted the challenges to staff wellbeing and the importance of identifying and mitigating moral distress. However moral distress remains poorly studied in the UK. Our aim was to explore the experience and response to moral distress amongst intensive care professionals in the UK and identify interventions to support professionals and improve staff wellbeing.
Methods:

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, 15 interviews were performed with intensive care professionals from four units of varying size and specialty facilitates recruited from a pool of responders to a questionnaire survey. Participants were purposively sampled for hospital, profession, grade, and quantitative moral distress score. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis.
Results:

Participants included a range of intensive care professions, working experience, overall moral distress score, and were representative of the larger questionnaire sample. Moral distress occurred across all professions, levels of seniority, and in all units. Moral distress occurred in many situations, most commonly related to providing care against the patient’s wishes/interests, or resource constraints compromising care. Its experience resulted in multiple negative feelings and could lead to withdrawal from engaging with patients/families and avoiding a career in intensive care. Participants described a range of individualised coping strategies tailored to the situations faced. The most common and highly valued strategies were informal and relied on working within a supportive environment along with a close-knit team, although participants acknowledged there was a role for structured and formalised intervention. A lack of agency was central to the experience of moral distress.
Conclusions:

Moral distress is commonly encountered by UK intensive care professionals and can have an important negative impact on professional wellbeing and patient care. Interventions to support intensive care professionals should recognise the individualistic nature of coping with moral distress. Addressing moral distress may support a healthy and sustainable intensive care workforce. Achieving this requires a supportive environment and a close-knit supportive team which has implications for how intensive care services are organised.
A multi-centre quantitative assessment of moral distress amongst intensive care unit professions in the UK
Authors: Boulton Adam Jonathan , Yeung Joyce , Slowther Anne-Marie , Bassford Christopher 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background:Moral distress is a damaging experience that impacts adversely on healthcare professional wellbeing, however remains poorly studied in the UK. This study aimed to explore how widespread and severe moral distress is amongst intensive care professionals in the UK.Methods:Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, a paper questionnaire that quantitatively assessed moral distress using the validated Measure of Moral Distress for Healthcare Professionals (MMD-HP) was distributed at four intensive care units of varying size and speciality facilities.Results:227 questionnaires were returned, including 165 nurses and 40 doctors with a mean age and ICU experience of 38.1 and 10.1 years, respectively. The median moral distress score was 108 (IQR = 78.2, range 0 to 288). Moral distress was greatest in situations related to delivering aggressive treatment that was perceived as futile or not in the patient’s best interests, closely followed by situations related to lack of resources compromising care. Moral distress was independently influenced by profession (p = 0.02) (nurses 117.0 vs doctors 78.0) and had no relationship with participant age and ICU experience. One-third indicated their intention to leave their current post due to moral distress and this was greater amongst nurses than doctors (37.0% vs 15.0%). Multiple logistic regression models included profession, gender, hospital type, age and ICU experience as covariates and had good discrimination and ability to predict intention to leave. Moral distress was associated with an intention to leave their current post in unadjusted and adjusted analyses (adjOR = 1.011 per 1 unit increase in moral distress, 1.006–1.017, p < 0.0001) and a previous post (adjOR = 1.009, 1.004–1.014, p = 0.001).Conclusions:Moral distress appears widespread amongst UK ICU professionals and is worse amongst nurses. Moral distress due to resource-related issues was more severe than comparable studies in North America. Its relationship with an intention to leave a post and the high proportion of ICU nurses considering leaving their current post due to moral distress is concerning, particularly as this study was performed prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Addressing moral distress should be a priority, however the ideal interventions remain unclear.
Lipid Metabolism Gene Expression And Cellularity of Intramuscular Adipocytes Within The Longissimus Muscle of Angus- And Wagyu-Sired Cattle When Raised To A Similar Age or Body Weight
Authors: Jaborek Jerad , Fluharty Francis , Lee Kichoon , Zerby Henry , Relling Alejandro 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: This study investigates intramuscular (IM) adipocyte development and growth in the Longissimus muscle (LM) between Wagyu- and Angus-sired steers compared at a similar age and days on feed (DOF) endpoint or similar body weight (BW) endpoint by measuring IM adipocyte cell area and lipid metabolism gene expression. Methods: Angus-sired steers (AN, n=6) were compared with steers from two different Wagyu sires, selected for either growth or marbling, to be compared at a similar DOF (WA-GD, n=5 and WA-MD, n=5) in experiment 1 or BW (WA-GB, n=4 and WA-MB, n=5) in experiment 2, respectively. Results: In experiment 1, WA-MD steers had a greater percentage of IM fat in the LM compared with AN and WA-GD steers. In experiment 2, WA-MB steers had a greater percentage of IM fat in the LM compared with AN and WA-GB steers. The distribution of IM adipocyte area was unimodal at all biopsy collections, with IM adipocyte area becoming progressively larger as cattle age and BW increased (P≤0.01). Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta (PPARd) was upregulated earlier for WA-MD and WA-MB cattle compared with other steers at a similar age and BW (P≤0.02; treatment×biopsy interaction). An earlier upregulation of PPARd is believed to have then upregulated peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARg) at a lesser BW for WA-MB steers (P=0.09; treatment×biopsy interaction), while WA-MD steers had a greater (P≤0.04) overall mean PPARg expression compared with other steers. Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, lipin 1, and hormone sensitive lipase demonstrated expression patterns similar to PPARg and PPARd or CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta, which emphasizes their importance in marbling development and growth. Additionally, WA-MD and WA-MB steers often had a greater early expression of fatty acid transporters (fatty acid transport protein 1; P<0.02; treatment×biopsy interaction) and binding proteins (fatty acid binding protein 4) compared with other steers. With many lipolytic genes upregulated at harvest, acetyl-CoA carboxylase beta may be inhibiting fatty acid oxidation in the LM to allow greater IM fat accumulation.Conclusions: Cattle with a greater marbling propensity appear to upregulate adipogenesis at a lesser maturity through PPARd, PPARg, and possibly adipogenic regulating compounds in lysophosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol.
Amyloidosis in major body organs examined during autopsies at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital
Authors: Kirunda Jeremy Menya , Mudde Joseph Bruno , Musibika Brenda Faith , Kizito Musema , Gubya Ibrahim , Atwine Raymond , Birungi Abraham , Behayo Paddy , Ssedyabane Frank 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAmyloidosis is an infrequent disease that occurs when an abnormal protein, called amyloid, deposits in body organs and disrupts their normal function. Amyloid is not normally found in the body but it can be formed from several different types of protein. Commonly affected organs include the heart, kidneys, gastrointestinal (GI) tract/liver or the peripheral or autonomic nervous system (NS). Amyloidosis can lead to diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, spongiform encephalopathies and diabetes mellitus type 2. Main objectiveTo establish the prevalence of amyloidosis in major body organs examined during autopsies at Mbarara regional referral hospital and to correlate cause of death with amyloidosis. MethodsBrain, heart, kidney, and liver samples were obtained from 23 bodies during autopsies at Mbarara regional referral hospital which were then processed to produce 2 slides per tissue of each of the above organ samples. These slides were then stained using H&E and Congo red staining protocols and then examined for amyloidosis under the light microscope. ResultsThe mean age of the bodies was 61.26 of which 5 (21.7%) were female while 18 (78.3%) were male. 3 bodies (13.0%) tested positive for amyloidosis in the kidney; 2 males (8.70) and 1 female (4.35). All the other organs tested negative. ConclusionIn our study, body organ investigation revealed amyloid in the kidney of 3 bodies. The prevalence of amyloidosis was 13% therefore amyloidosis diagnosis ought to be put into consideration at Mbarara Regional Referral hospital.
A Multi-Country Survey on the Impact of COVID-19 on Dentists in Latin America
Authors: Moraes Rafael R. , Cuevas-Suárez Carlos E. , Escalante-Otárola Wilfredo G. , Fernández María R. , Dávila-Sánchez Andrés , Grau-Grullon Patricia , Fernández Eduardo , López Tania M. , Grazioli Guillermo , Arana Luis A. , Rondón Luis F. , Torrez Willy B. , Lima Giana S. , Schuch Helena S. , Correa Marcos B. , Demarco Flavio F. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19pandemic has significantly impacted the dental sector worldwide.Methods: The impact of the pandemic on dentistsfrom Latin America was investigated by an online survey with professionals working in 11 Spanish-speaking countries in September–December 2020. The invitations were sent to registered professionals. An open campaign was promoted on social media. The questions investigated dental care routines, work practice changes, andfeelings about the pandemic, in addition toreasons for engaging in furthersurveys.Descriptive statistics were used to identify frequencies and distributions of variables. Proportions were compared using chi-square tests.Results: A total of 2,127 responses were collected from a samplewith diverse demographic, sex, work, and education characteristics. The impact of the pandemic was considered high/very high by 60% of respondents.The volume of patients assisted weekly was significantly lower compared with the pre-pandemic period (mean reduction=14 ±15 patients). A high rate of fear to contracting the COVID-19 at work was observed (85%); 4.9% of participants had a positive COVID-19 test. The mask most frequently worn was PFF2/N95 (42%). The main professional challenges faced by respondents were reduction in the number of patientsor financial gain (35%), fear of contracting COVID-19 (34%), and burden with or difficulty in purchasing new PPE (22%).The fear to contracting COVID-19 was influenced by the number of weekly appointments. A positive test by the dentists was associated with their reports of having assisted COVID-19 patients. The most cited feelings about the pandemic were uncertainty, fear, worry, anxiety, and stress. When asked about incentives to participating in further surveys, the most common responses were receiving articles that originated from the investigation (44%)and priority access to research data (15%). Conclusion:This multi-countrysurvey indicated a high impact of the pandemic on dental care routines in Latin American offices.
Artificial polyhydroxyalkanoate poly[2-hydroxybutyrate-block-3-hydroxybutyrate] elastomer-like material
Authors: Kageyama Yuki , Tomita Hiroya , Isono Takuya , Satoh Toshifumi , Matsumoto Ken’ichiro 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The first polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) block copolymer poly(2-hydroxybutyrate-b-3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(2HB-b-3HB)] was previously synthesized using engineered Escherichia coli expressing a chimeric PHA synthase PhaCAR with monomer sequence-regulating capacity. In the present study, the physical properties of the block copolymer and its relevant random copolymer P(2HB-ran-3HB) were evaluated. Stress–strain tests on the P(88 mol% 2HB-b-3HB) film showed an increasing stress value during elongation up to 393%. In addition, the block copolymer film exhibited slow contraction behavior after elongation, indicating that P(2HB-b-3HB) is an elastomer-like material. In contrast, the P(92 mol% 2HB-ran-3HB) film, which was stretched up to 692% with nearly constant stress, was stretchable but not elastic. The differential scanning calorimetry and wide-angle X-ray diffraction analyses indicated that the P(2HB-b-3HB) contained the amorphous P(2HB) phase and the crystalline P(3HB) phase, whereas P(2HB-ran-3HB) was wholly amorphous. Therefore, the elasticity of P(2HB-b-3HB) can be attributed to the presence of the crystalline P(3HB) phase. These results show the potential of block PHAs as elastic materials.