bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastrointestinal Tract Lymphomas
Authors: Alvarez-Lesmes Jessica , Chapman Jennifer R. , Cassidy Daniel , Zhou Yi , Garcia-Buitrago Monica , Montgomery Elizabeth A. , Lossos Izidore S. , Sussman Daniel , Poveda Julio 
Published: April 2021

Context.—
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the most common site of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma, accounting for 20% to 40% of all extranodal lymphomas. The majority of these are systemic processes secondarily involving the GI tract. Primary GI lymphomas are less common, accounting for approximately 10% to 15% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Most non-Hodgkin lymphomas involving the GI tract are of B-cell lineage, of which diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common subtype, irrespective of location.

Objective.—
To review the lymphoproliferative neoplasms of B-cell and T-cell lineage involving the luminal GI tract according to the most prevalent subtypes at each anatomic site.

Data Source.—
Systematic search of the PubMed database for updated literature on GI lymphoma epidemiology, subtypes, clinical, endoscopic, and genetic findings. Histologic images are derived from our collection of clinical cases.

Conclusions.—
The GI tract is the most common site of extranodal lymphoproliferative neoplasms. Recognition of the most frequently encountered GI lymphomas is imperative for patient management and treatment.
Curadoria digital urbana, rebelião monumental e a disrupção das narrativas patrimoniais em tempos de isolamento
Authors: Graziosi Casimiro Giovanna 
Published: April 2021

Este artigo, no campo da teoria da arte e da arquitetura debate as novas formas da curadoria digital na cidade e o surgimento de narrativas urbanas que questionam os poderes vigentes, caso do ataque recente a monumento colonialista pelo mundo e sua associação a cultura digital. Para este debate, discute-se o fortalecimento do setor privado digital durante a pandemia e se propõe pensar a nova condição da cidade em meio ao isolamento e distanciamento físico, derivado do COVID-19. Deste modo, propõe-se discutir o termo curadoria digital urbana e a revisão patrimonial em curso, refletida na remoção e ataque a monumentos pelo mundo. A remoção e o ataque coletivo aos monumentos é um marco nos modos de operar a memória urbana que revisa a construção linear da narrativa histórica, colocando em cheque a calcificação memorial. A relação entre cidadãos e os modos de habitar a cidade se transformam à medida em que as superfícies são redesenhadas pela cultura e mercado digital. A tomada da cidade pelo território informacional, gera um lapso da percepção espaço-temporal, impactando a linearidade do tempo, as narrativas e até mesmo a historicidade em seus moldes tradicionais. Deste modo, este artigo discute o impacto destas condições sobre o patrimônio, o questionamento das narrativas expostas na cidade, e o contraditório estabelecimento das memórias digitais na vida cotidiana.
Arterial Blood Gas Analysis of Critically Ill Corona Virus Disease 2019 Patients
Authors: Lakhani Jitendra , Kapadia Sajani , Pandya Hetal , Gill Roop , Chordiya Rohit , Muley Arti 
Published: April 2021

Background/Aims: The aim of present study was to find out profile and sequential pattern of Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) in critically ill Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.
Study Design: Observational prospective study.
Methodology: A total of 80 Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT PCR) positive cases; that needed ICU admission for their life-threatening conditions were included in this study done at teaching hospital of Gujarat, India. Non consenting patients and patients who could not be followed up as per protocol were excluded. Data of Arterial Blood Gas (ABG), performed on admission, day 5 and day 10 were taken for the analysis. Patients were followed up till they remained in ICU.
Results: Of 80 patients, 3 patients had normal, 24 patients (30%) had primary disorder on ABG while 53 patients (66.25%) had mixed disorders. The most common ABG abnormality observed was respiratory alkalosis with metabolic acidosis in 16 patients (20%) while respiratory alkalosis with metabolic alkalosis in 15 patients (18.75%). There was difference in ABG pattern observed among survivors and non-survivors (P=.04); of which conspicuous was presence of “respiratory acidosis with metabolic acidosis” in 5 non-survivors (15.63%), which was not seen in survivors. Of 80 patients admitted in COVID ICU; 2 improved after day 1; 6 after day 5; 40 after day 10, making total of 48 patients surviving COVID critical condition. Of 32 non-survivors, 14 died within twenty-four hours of admission, 14 within first 5 days and 04 after 10 days of ICU stay.
Conclusion: ABG done on admission and serially in severe COVID-19 patients gives useful information on underlying pathophysiology. Mixed ABG pattern was more common than single disorder which can be sign of multi-organ involvement. Respiratory acidosis with metabolic acidosis was observed significantly higher in non-survivors. Respiratory alkalosis as a part of single or mixed pattern on ABG was the most common pattern found in critically ill COVID patients.
The Extent of Premarital Sex Practices among Secondary Schools Adolescents in Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, South Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Aleke Christian O. , Obande-Ogbuinya Edith N. , Omaka-Amari Lois N. , Eunice Afoke N. , Igwenyi Precious I. , Nwafor Jude N. , Okeke Ifeyinwa M. , Nchita Ferdinand S. 
Published: April 2021

Aims: This study aimed at determining the extent of premarital sex practices among secondary school adolescents in Ikwo Local Government Area of Ebonyi State. Its objectives were to reveal the extent at which secondary school students engage in premarital sex in the area and how such practices can propel risky behaviors among them.
Study Design: The descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study.
Methodology: Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 844 secondary school adolescents for the study. Information was retrieved from the field through questionnaire administration. Means and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while the chi-square statistical tool was used in testing the null hypotheses in the study.
Results: The result showed that the premarital sex in the study was at low extent with the grand mean score x̅=2.26. However, the result indicated that 16% of the students engage in penetrative virginal sex, anal sex, oral sex and masturbation whereas 84% of the students do not.
Recommendation: The study recommended among others that: All the head teachers and principals should play an active role by coming up with awareness program through seminar, rallies with strong guidance on dangers associated with premarital sex. Also, parents should always discus sex education with their children to be adequately informed with the right information about sex and the behaviour to adopt as they grow to puberty period to avoid engaging in premarital sexual practice at this early stage.
Non‐Halogenated‐Solvent Processed and Additive‐Free Tandem Organic Solar Cell with Efficiency Reaching 16.67%
Authors: Qin Shucheng , Jia Zhenrong , Meng Lei , Zhu Can , Lai Wenbin , Zhang Jinyuan , Huang Wenchao , Sun Chenkai , Qiu Beibei , Li Yongfang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOrganic solar cells (OSCs) have recently reached a remarkably high efficiency and become a promising technology for commercial application. However, OSCs with top efficiency are mostly processed by halogenated solvents and with additives that are not environmentally friendly, which hinders large‐scale manufacture. In this study, high‐performance tandem OSCs, based on polymer donors and two small‐molecule acceptors with different bandgaps, are fabricated by solution processing with non‐halogenated solvents without additive. Importantly, the two active layers developed from non‐halogenated solvents show better phase segregation and charge transport properties, leading to superior performance than halogenated ones. As a result, a tandem OSC with high efficiency of up to 16.67% is obtained, showing unique advantages in future massive production.
A Systematic Strategy of Combinational Blow for Overcoming Cascade Drug Resistance via NIR‐Light‐Triggered Hyperthermia
Authors: Wang Lingna , Yu Yingjie , Wei Dengshuai , Zhang Lingpu , Zhang Xiaoyan , Zhang Guanxin , Ding Dan , Xiao Haihua , Zhang Deqing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA systematic combination strategy is proposed for overcoming cisplatin resistance using near‐infrared (NIR)‐light‐triggered hyperthermia. A new photothermal polymer DAP‐F is complexed with a reduction‐sensitive amphiphilic polymer P1 to form F‐NPs with photothermal effect. Subsequently, to build the final nanosystem F–Pt‐NPs, F‐NPs are combined with Pt‐NPs, which are obtained by encapsulating a Pt(IV) prodrug with P1. Mild hyperthermia (43 °C), generated from F–Pt‐NPs induced by an 808 nm NIR laser, have various effects such as: i) enhancing the cellular membrane permeability to promote the uptake of drugs; ii) activating cisplatin by accelerating the glutathione consumption; iii) increasing the Pt‐DNA adducts formation and possibly the formation of a portion of irreparable Pt‐DNA interstrand crosslinks, thereby inhibiting the repair of DNA. In vitro, it is found that even on cisplatin‐resistant A549DDP cells, the IC50 of F–Pt‐NPs (43 °C) is only 7.0 × 10−6 m Pt mL−1. In vivo, on a patient‐derived xenograft model of multidrug resistant lung cancer, the efficacy of the F–Pt‐NPs (43 °C) treatment group shows a tumor inhibition rate of 94%. Taken together, here, an important perspective of resolving cascade drug resistance with the assistance of mild hyperthermia triggered by NIR light is presented, which can be of great significance for clinic translation.
Fast Flexible Bottom‐Gated Hydrogen Sensor Based on Silicon Nanomembrane
Authors: Cho Minkyu , Cho Incheol , Kim Kyuyoung , Park Inkyu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHigh performance flexible hydrogen sensor using a silicon nanomembrane (Si NM) coated with palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) is developed. After the formation of gate structure on a released Si NM, selectively pre‐doped Si NM is flip‐transferred onto a plastic substrate. Along with Pd NPs deposited on top of the Si channel, the bottom gate structure allows the sensor to operate in a sub‐threshold regime maximizing the response and recovery speed. A device simulation study revealed that the current change caused by shifting the threshold voltage upon H2 exposure is the main operating mechanism of the sensor. The fabricated sensor shows high response (up to 250% @ 0.7% H2 concentration), short response time (τ10–90 = 10 s), and short recovery time (τ90–10 = 10 s). In addition, the sensor shows low detection limit (50 ppm) and high mechanical robustness.
Synthesis of γ‐Keto Sulfones through a Three‐Component Reaction of Cyclopropanols, DABCO ⋅ (SO2)2 and Alkyl Halides
Authors: Zhang Chun , Zhang Chao , Tang Jie , Ye Shengqing , Ma Mingliang , Wu Jie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA route to γ‐keto sulfones through a metal‐free reaction of cyclopropanols, DABCO ⋅ (SO2)2 and alkyl halides is described. This reaction occurs under mild conditions in the absence of any catalysts, additives, or oxidants. Various functional groups including as ester, amino, methoxy, bromo, trifluoromethyl, nitro and carbonyl are tolerated well in this transformation, and the corresponding γ‐keto sulfones are afforded in 35% to 95% yields. The proposed mechanism implies that this reaction proceeds through γ‐keto sulfinate intermediate generated in situ, which further undergoes nucleophilic substitution with alkyl halides leading to γ‐keto sulfones.magnified image
A Study of [3+2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Hydrazonoyl Chloride and β‐Oxodithioester Under Lewis Acid Catalysis: Stereoselective Synthesis of (Z)‐1,3,4‐Thiadiazol‐2(3H)‐Ylidenes.
Authors: Chellu Ramesh Kumar , Kurva Srinivas , Soda Anil Kumar , Chilaka Sai Krishna , Nanubolu Jagadeesh Babu , Madabhushi Sridhar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHydrazonoyl chlorides underwent unprecedented stereoselective [3+2] cycloaddition reaction with β‐oxodithioesters and β‐oxothioamides under Lewis acid catalysis producing (Z)‐1,3,4‐ thiadiazol‐2(3H)‐ylidenes in high yields. These products are obtained also with a base. Though same products are obtained in both these conditions, they involve different reaction mechanisms. In base mediated reactions, 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of a nitrilimine to C=S is operative and in Lewis acid catalysed reactions, β‐oxodithioester/β‐oxothioamide undergoes addition‐cyclization reactions with a hydrazonoyl chloride.
A Two‐Dimensional Polyimide‐Graphene Heterostructure with Ultra‐fast Interlayer Charge Transfer
Authors: Liu Kejun , Li Jiang , Qi Haoyuan , Hambsch Mike , Rawle Jonathan , Vázquez Adrián Romaní , Nia Ali Shaygan , Pashkin Alexej , Schneider Harald , Polozij Mirosllav , Heine Thomas , Helm Manfred , Mannsfeld Stefan C. B. , Kaiser Ute , Dong Renhao , Feng Xinliang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTwo‐dimensional polymers (2DPs) are a class of atomically/molecularly thin crystalline organic 2D materials. They are intriguing candidates for the development of unprecedented organic–inorganic 2D van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) with exotic physicochemical properties. In this work, we demonstrate the on‐water surface synthesis of large‐area (cm2), monolayer 2D polyimide (2DPI) with 3.1‐nm lattice. Such 2DPI comprises metal‐free porphyrin and perylene units linked by imide bonds. We further achieve a scalable synthesis of 2DPI‐graphene (2DPI‐G) vdWHs via a face‐to‐face co‐assembly of graphene and 2DPI on the water surface. Remarkably, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy reveals an ultra‐fast interlayer charge transfer (ca. 60 fs) in the resultant 2DPI‐G vdWH upon protonation by acid, which is equivalent to that of the fastest reports among inorganic 2D vdWHs. Such large interlayer electronic coupling is ascribed to the interlayer cation–π interaction between 2DP and graphene.
A Polarity‐Sensitive Ratiometric Fluorescence Probe for Monitoring Changes in Lipid Droplets and Nucleus during Ferroptosis
Authors: Wang Kang‐Nan , Liu Liu‐Yi , Mao Duo , Xu Shidang , Tan Cai‐Ping , Cao Qian , Mao Zong‐Wan , Liu Bin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFerroptosis regulates cell death through reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐associated lipid peroxide accumulation, which is expected to affect the structure and polarity of lipid droplets (LDs), but with no clear evidence. Herein, we report the first example of an LD/nucleus dual‐targeted ratiometric fluorescent probe, CQPP, for monitoring polarity changes in the cellular microenvironment. Due to the donor–acceptor structure of CQPP, it offers ratiometric fluorescence emission and fluorescence lifetime signals that reflect polarity variations. Using nucleus imaging as a reference, CQPP was applied to report the increase in LD polarity and the homogenization of polarity between LDs and cytoplasm in the ferroptosis model. This LD/nucleus dual‐targeted fluorescent probe shows the great potential of using fluorescence imaging to study ferroptosis and ferroptosis‐related diseases.
Using a simple method to prepare UiO‐66‐NH2/chitosan composite membranes for oil–water separation
Authors: Zhu Ximei , Yu Zongxue , Zeng Haojie , Feng Xiaofang , Liu Yuchuan , Cao Kunyao , Li Xuyang , Long Runxuan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractChitosan (CS) was used as a cross‐linking agent to modify UiO‐66‐NH2, and the modified UiO‐66‐NH2 was fixed on the mixed cellulose membrane (MCE) through vacuum filtration technology to prepare a new type of membrane. The membrane exhibited excellent hydrophilicity in the air and excellent super‐oleophobic performance underwater, and effectively separated various oil–water emulsions. When separating petroleum ether‐water emulsion, the filtration flux of the modified membrane was 2000 L m−2 h−1 higher than that of MCE, and the separation efficiency can reach more than 95%. After 10 cycles, the flux of the modified membrane was about four times of that MCE, which was 500 L m−2 h−1. Most importantly, the membrane still maintained underwater superoleophobicity in the environment of strong acid, strong base, and salt solution.
Metformin hydrochloride sustained release biopolymeric system composed by PLLA‐CMC microparticles
Authors: da Silva Thiago Schroeder , Silva Denise Abatti Kasper , Nogueira André Lourenço 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMetformin hydrochloride (MetHCl) is a drug extensively used to treat diabetes mellitus Type 2. However, its high hydrophilicity drastically reduces its metabolic absorption. Consequently, high drug concentrations should be taken by patients to achieve the desired therapeutical efficiency, causing several side effects. The present study proposes the development of a MetHCl sustained release biopolymeric system composed of poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a strategy to minimize the problems aforementioned. The PLLA‐CMC microparticles were produced by the double emulsion‐solvent evaporation technique using two distinct emulsifiers in the first emulsion (Span 80 and Tween 80). The microparticles were characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy with field emission gun, thermogravimetric analyses, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Additionally, in vitro drug release assays were performed. The results demonstrated that the emulsion stability and encapsulation efficiency increased in a dependent fashion way with the CMC concentration. DSC findings showed that the choice of the emulsifier of the first emulsion influences the polymer particle's crystallinity and, consequently, the releasing behavior of the drug. The in vitro studies revealed that the encapsulation of MetHCl in PLLA‐CMC microparticles is a promising sustained release system compatible with a zero‐order kinetic mechanism.
Biocidal efficacy of tutin and its influence on immune cells and expression of growth‐blocking and neuroglian peptides in Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Li Feifei , Cui Jun , Shaheen Tayyab , Tang Guanghui , Wang Tao , Woolfley Tracy , Li Menglou 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMythimna separata Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the major pests that can cause severe damage to grain crops. The development of low‐toxicity and high‐performance botanical insecticides is becoming the focus of new pesticide research to control M. separata. Tutin, a sesquiterpene lactone compound obtained from Coriaria sinica Maxim, a native Chinese poisonous plant, has antifeedant, absorption, and stomach poisoning against a variety of pests. To understand the toxic effect of tutin on M. separata larvae, we set out to determine their antifeedant, mortality, paralysis, weight change, and to examine the spreading of M. separata hemocytes under different concentrations of tutin treatment. Tissue distribution of the immune‐associated gene growth‐blocking peptide (GBP) and neuroglian peptide (Nrg) was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Furthermore, real‐time quantitative PCR was carried out to determine the expression profiles of GBP and Nrg after different concentrations of tutin stimulation. Our results revealed that tutin exhibited significant antifeedant and insecticidal activities, paralysis, weight loss to M. separata. Besides, tutin significantly influenced on the morphology of hemocytes and enhanced the expression of GBP and Nrg in M. separata.
Three‐Phase Reconstruction Reveals How the Microscopic Structure of the Carbon‐Binder Domain Affects Ion Transport in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kroll Moritz , Karstens Sarah L. , Cronau Marvin , Höltzel Alexandra , Schlabach Sabine , Nobel Nikita , Redenbach Claudia , Roling Bernhard , Tallarek Ulrich 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe morphology of the electrolyte‐filled pore space in lithium‐ion batteries is determined by the solid microstructure formed by μm‐sized active material particles and the smaller‐featured carbon binder domain (CBD). Tomographic reconstructions have largely neglected the CBD, resulting in inadequately defined pore space morphologies at odds with experimental ionic tortuosity values. We present a three‐phase reconstruction of a LiCoO2 composite cathode by focused ion‐beam scanning electron microscopy tomography. Morphological analysis proves that the reconstruction, which combines an unprecedented volume (20 μm minimum edge length) with the hitherto highest resolution (13.9×13.9×20 nm3 voxel size), represents the cathode's pore space morphology. Pore‐scale diffusion simulations show consideration of the resolved CBD as indispensable to reproduce ionic tortuosity values from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Our results reveal the CBD as a convoluted network that dominates the pore space morphology and limits Li+ transport through tortuous and constricted diffusion pathways.
Further evaluation of contingencies on lying about homework completion
Authors: Stocco Corey S. , Moline Adam D. , Bowar Stephanie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLying during childhood can have a negative impact on the quality of relationships between caregivers and children. Although caregivers have identified lying as a major concern, few studies have evaluated the conditions under which lying about socially significant events is more or less probable. This study extended Sauter et al. (2020) in two ways. First, we assessed the extent to which modified baseline procedures reliably evoked lies about homework completion or academic dishonesty. Second, we evaluated the effects of an intervention package comprised of praise‐based components recommended by professionals and supported by previous research. When the praise‐based intervention was ineffective, we implemented a tangible intervention comprised of rules, and differential reinforcement. All participants lied about academic dishonesty under baseline conditions and continued to do so when researchers implemented the praise‐based intervention. In contrast, the tangible intervention increased honest reports for all participants and decreased academic dishonesty for two of three participants. These effects were replicated in probe sessions conducted by one participant's mother.