bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health Professional Shortage Area Bonus Payments and Access to Care Under Medicare
Authors: Brunt Christopher S. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTFor over 3 decades, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) has provided a bonus payment for outpatient physician services provided to beneficiaries under Medicare Part B in areas designated as Primary Care Health Professional Shortage Areas (HPSAs) during the previous calendar year. Despite the longstanding existence of the program, no studies have explicitly evaluated how previously established physicians practicing in areas subject to an HPSA designation respond to the bonus payments. Using 2012–2019 physician‐level data with stacked event study models that control for several characteristics, including the underlying criteria used to construct HPSA scores, I find little to no statistically significant changes in access to care (as measured through total annual beneficiaries treated or services delivered to Medicare beneficiaries) in the years leading up to HPSA designation. However, once physicians become eligible for a 10% bonus payment, their annual number of beneficiaries treated and volume of services decline, consistent with recent empirical work and CMS's actuarial assumptions about how physicians respond to changes in reimbursement.
The fraction of cancer attributable to modifiable risk factors in Turkey in 2018
Authors: Tozduman Busra , Ergor Gul 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCancer is the second leading cause of death in Turkey, with nearly one in six deaths attributed to the disease. In 2018, Turkey recorded 211,273 new cancer cases. Many cancers are linked to modifiable lifestyle risk factors, such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, obesity, and inadequate diet and physical activity. Modifying these risk factors could potentially prevent 30%–50% of cancer cases and deaths. This study aims to estimate the population attributable fraction (PAF) of cancer cases and deaths due to various modifiable risk factors in Turkey. Modifiable cancer risk factors were identified as smoking, infections, obesity, physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, inadequate intake of fruits, vegetables, fiber, and calcium. Data on exposure prevalence and cancer incidence were sourced from national surveys and reports. Relative risks (RRs) were obtained from global studies. PAFs were calculated using Levin's equation, accounting for overlaps between risk factors. In 2018, 32% of the cancer cases were attributable to lifestyle risk factors. Smoking was the most significant factor, accounting for 28.4% of cases in men, while high BMI was the leading factor in women, contributing to 11.5% of cases. Lifestyle risk factors were responsible for 41.6% of cancer deaths, with smoking being the leading cause. Lifestyle risk factors contribute significantly to cancer incidence and mortality in Turkey. Prioritizing interventions to reduce tobacco use and obesity could substantially lower the cancer burden. These results are crucial for developing effective cancer prevention strategies and informing public health policies.
miR‐105‐5p/PTEN Axis Modulates the Immune Response and Epithelial‐Mesenchymal Transition of Colon Cancer via NF‐κB Activation
Authors: Yao Fei , Hu Biwen , Li SenJuan , Cao Chenxi , Ling Yiting 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe underlying regulating mechanisms of miR‐105‐5p/PTEN in colon cancer (CC) progression are still unknown. MiR‐105‐5p and PTEN expressions were determined using RT‐PCR. PTEN protein levels were examined by western blot. Also, the contents of inflammatory cytokines (IL–1β, TNF–α, and IL‐6) were measured via ELISA. An inflammation model was constructed via LPS. NF–κB p65 expression was assessed via immunofluorescence assay. A xenograft tumor model was constructed in BALB/c nude mice. The functions of miR‐105‐5p were investigated by establishing a xenograft tumor model, H&E staining, TUNEL assay, immunohistochemistry assay, ELISA, RT‐PCR, and western blot. In this research, We found that miR‐105‐5p expressions were upregulated in CC cells. MiR‐105‐5p depletion notably augmented PTEN expressions and enhanced immune response, while impeded EMT and distinctly declined the levels of p‐IκBα and Nuc‐NF‐κB p65 in LoVo cells. Whereas, these effects were notably counteracted by PTEN depletion. MiR‐105‐5p upregulation exerted the opposite effects in CaCo2 cells. LPS markedly increased miR‐105‐5p expressions and suppressed PTEN expressions in LoVo cells. MiR‐105‐5p depletion offset LPS‐triggered promoting effects on EMT and suppressing effects on the immune response. Meanwhile, in vivo assay proved that miR‐105‐5p depletion markedly impeded tumor growth and EMT, yet facilitated apoptosis and immune response. It also distinctly deactivated the NF‐κB pathway. To sum up, these data indicated that miR‐105‐5p depletion might impede EMT, yet enhance the immune response in CC by elevating PTEN expressions via deactivation of the NF‐κB pathway.
Separation of cadaverine from fermentation broths by salting‐out
Authors: Zheng Huijie , Liu Hansheng , Shi Xueqi , Liu Shuwen , Su Weiyi , Li Hao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDCadaverine is an important diamine to synthesize nylon. However, the lower product concentration in the cadaverine production makes the downstream separation more complex and costly, and has become a bottleneck for large‐scale production. Therefore, in this study, the salting‐out was used to efficiently separate cadaverine in the simulated fermentation broth.RESULTSAfter analyzing the pH of readily soluble potassium salts, three alkaline salting‐out agents—K3PO4, K2CO3 and K4P2O7—were utilized to perform the salting‐out separation of cadaverine. The effects of the type and concentration of salting‐out agents and cadaverine concentration on the distribution and selection behavior of cadaverine in the simulated fermentation broth were investigated. Particularly, when the concentration of cadaverine was 10 wt% and the K3PO4 concentration was 500 g/kg, the recovery rate of cadaverine in the simulated fermentation broth with K3PO4 salting‐out agent was as high as 99.6%, which was significantly higher than that of other salting‐out agents, and only 0.01 wt% cadaverine remained in the aqueous phase.CONCLUSIONThe salting‐out ability of the three inorganic salts to cadaverine in the simulated fermentation broth was K3PO4>K2CO3>K4P2O7. Furthermore, within a certain range of cadaverine concentrations, the content of cadaverine in the aqueous phase and the amount of water residue in the organic phase could be calculated using a linear regression equation. Since inorganic salts have the advantages of good stability, low cost, non‐toxicity and harmlessness, the salting‐out process established in this study shows good potential for industrial application. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Developmental Plasticity in Growth and Performance Blur Taxonomic Boundaries in South American True Toads (Rhinella)
Authors: Mariotto Lucas Ferriolli , Lofeu Leandro , Kohlsdorf Tiana 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDevelopmental plasticity can affect traits directly related to survival, and some changes may promote or impair population persistence in changing environments. At the same time, it can also originate new complex phenotypes, surpassing species‐specific boundaries. Therefore, plastic responses have the potential to participate in processes of micro and macroevolution. In this study, we evaluate plastic responses to different thermal regimes during development in traits related to survival and also used for taxonomic classification of two true‐toad species, Rhinella icterica and Rhinella ornata. We raised tadpoles representing distinct operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at different temperatures, and the resulting phenotypic patterns suggest canalization in R. icterica and complex variation revealed by plasticity among R. ornata OTUs. Plastic responses to thermal regimes produced differences among the OTUs in traits associated with specific survival strategies of Rhinella species. Some changes surpassed taxonomic boundaries and rescued lineage‐specific phenotypic patterns, establishing unusual phenotypic combinations for these species. Our results illustrate the contribution of developmental plasticity for processes involving phenotypic differentiation among species in traits directly related to survival.
Simultaneous Bilateral T1, T2, and T1ρ Relaxation Mapping of Hip Joint With 3D‐MRI Fingerprinting
Authors: Monga Anmol , de Moura Hector Lise , Zibetti Marcelo V.W. , Youm Thomas , Samuels Jonathan , Regatte Ravinder R. 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundThree‐dimensional MR fingerprinting (3D‐MRF) has been increasingly used to assess cartilage degeneration, particularly in the knee joint, by looking into multiple relaxation parameters. A comparable 3D‐MRF approach can be adapted to assess cartilage degeneration for the hip joint, with changes to accommodate specific challenges of hip joint imaging.PurposeTo demonstrate the feasibility and repeatability of 3D‐MRF in the bilateral hip jointly we map proton density (PD), T1, T2, T1ρ, and ∆B1+ in clinically feasible scan times.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsEight healthy subjects, three patients with mild osteoarthritis (OA), and one of the OA patients had femoral acetabular impingement (FAI). A National Institute of Standards and Technology/International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (NIST/ISMRM) system phantom was also used.Field Strength/Sequence3 T, 3D‐MRF sequence for bilateral hip joint mapping. Reference sequences include Volume Interpolated Breath‐hold Examination (VIBE) for T1 mapping, and magnetization‐prepared fast low‐angle shot (TFL) for T2 and T1ρ mapping.AssessmentThe signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), repeatability, scan time, and accuracy of T1, T2, and T1ρ maps of 3D‐MRF sequence were evaluated on a NIST/ISMRM phantom and human subjects. Differences in the parametric maps between OA and healthy subjects were assessed.Statistical TestsRegression, Bland–Altman, Kruskal–Wallis, and Wilcoxon tests were used to assess for accuracy, repeatability, and subregional variation. The P‐value <0.05 indicated statistically significant.ResultsA 3D‐MRF sequence sensitive to PD, T1, T2, T1ρ, and ∆B1+ within 15 minutes, achieving high SNR and low test–retest coefficient of variance (T1: 3.36%, T2: 3.99%, T1ρ: 5.93%). Mild hip OA patients, including one with mild OA and FAI, showed elevation of 29.4 ± 9% (T2) and 32.4 ± 4.4% (T1ρ) in femoral lateral compartment of the hip joint compared to healthy controls.Data Conclusion3D‐MRF may be a feasible approach for simultaneous, quantitative mapping of bilateral hip joint cartilage in healthy and mild OA patients.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 1
Rapid clearance of cutaneous lesions with anifrolumab in SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus) and DLE (discoid lupus erythematosus)
Authors: Parriel E. , Bulai‐Livideanu C. , Severino‐Freire M. , Delpuech A. , Faguer S. , Belliere J. , Huart A. , Paul C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that affects multiple organs, including the skin. Activation of the Type I interferon pathway is a key pathophysiological factor in SLE. Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is a chronic cutaneous form of lupus and treatment is challenging with an increased risk of disfigurement and poor quality of life. Treatment of cutaneous manifestations is challenging and current standard therapies remain inadequate. Anifrolumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets the Type 1 interferon receptor subunit 1. Phase III clinical trials (TULIP‐1, TULIP‐2 and MEDI‐546) have demonstrated its efficacy in reducing SLE activity and improving lupus‐associated skin manifestations.ObjectivesThe aim of this retrospective study was to provide information on the early effect of anifrolumab in patients with cutaneous manifestations of lupus with and without systemic involvement.MethodsA retrospective study evaluating the early effect of anifrolumab in six patients with refractory cutaneous manifestations of lupus, including those with DLE with and without associated SLE. The outcome measure was the change in Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index (CLASI) score at 1–2 months. Photographs were performed before and after treatment.ResultsThe mean baseline CLASI score was 14.2 ± 10.6 (median: 10.5). At 1–2 months, the CLASI score was 5.7 ± 5.3 (median: 3.0). The clinically remarkable efficacy was visible in most patients after the first injection of anifrolumab.ConclusionsWe observed the rapid efficacy of anifrolumab within the first 2 months in patients with refractory cutaneous manifestations of SLE and CLE. Limitations include the small sample size and lack of a control group. Overall, anifrolumab represents a potential therapeutic option for severe or resistant cutaneous lupus and warrants further investigation. Research is needed to determine its optimal use and efficacy in different cutaneous lupus subtypes.
Authors, wordsmiths and ghostwriters: Early career researchers' responses to artificial intelligence
Authors: Clark David , Nicholas David , Swigon Marzena , Abrizah Abdullah , Rodríguez‐Bravo Blanca , Revez Jorge , Herman Eti , Xu Jie , Watkinson Anthony 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPresents the results of a study of the impact of artificial intelligence on early career researchers (ECRs). An important group to study because their millennial mindset may render them especially open to AI. We provide empirical data and a validity check of the numerous publications providing forecasts and prognostications. This interview‐based study—part of the Harbingers project on ECRs—covers a convenience sample of 91 ECRs from all fields and seven countries using both qualitative and quantitative data to view the AI experience, engagement, utility, attitudes and representativeness of ECRs. We find that: (1) ECRs exhibit mostly limited or moderate levels of experience; (2) in regard to engagement and usage there is a divide with some ECRs exhibiting little or none and others enthusiastically using AI; (3) ECRs do not think they are unrepresentative when compared to their colleagues; (4) ECRs who score highly on these measures tend to be computer scientists, but not exclusively so; (5) the main concerns regarding AI were around authenticity, especially plagiarism; (6) a major attraction of AI is the automation of ‘wordsmithing’; the process and technique of composition and writing.
High‐dimensional Bayesian optimization for metamaterial design
Authors: Tian Zhichao , Yang Yang , Zhou Sui , Zhou Tian , Deng Ke , Ji Chunlin , He Yejun , Liu Jun S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMetamaterial design, encompassing both microstructure topology selection and geometric parameter optimization, constitutes a high‐dimensional optimization problem, with computationally expensive and time‐consuming design evaluations. Bayesian optimization (BO) offers a promising approach for black‐box optimization involved in various material designs, and this work presents several advanced techniques to adapt BO to address the challenges associated with metamaterial design. First, variational autoencoders (VAEs) are employed for efficient dimensionality reduction, mapping complex, high‐dimensional metamaterial microstructures into a compact latent space. Second, mutual information maximization is incorporated into the VAE to enhance the quality of the learned latent space, ensuring that the most relevant features for optimization are retained. Third, trust region‐based Bayesian optimization (TuRBO) dynamically adjusts local search regions, ensuring stability and convergence in high‐dimensional spaces. The proposed techniques are well incorporated with conventional Gaussian processes (GP)‐based BO framework. We applied the proposed method for the design of electromagnetic metamaterial microstructures. Experimental results show that we achieve a significantly high probability of finding the ground‐truth topology types and their geometric parameters, leading to high accuracy in matching the design target. Moreover, our approach demonstrates significant time efficiency compared with traditional design methods.
Characterization of LiF TLD‐100 in carbon ion beams for remote audits
Authors: Taylor Paige A. , Mirandola Alfredo , Ciocca Mario , Hartzell Shannon , Magro Giuseppe , Alvarez Paola , Peterson Christine B. , Peeler Christopher R. , Koay Eugene J. , Howell Rebecca M. , Kry Stephen F. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundA passive dosimeter framework for the measurement of dose in carbon ion beams has yet to be characterized or implemented for regular use.PurposeThis work determined the dose calculation correction factors for absorbed dose in thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) in a therapeutic carbon ion beam. TLD could be a useful tool for remote audits, particularly in the context of clinical trials as new protocols are developed for carbon ion radiotherapy.MethodsTLD‐100 were irradiated in a carbon ion beam at the Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica (CNAO) in Pavia, Italy. The dose correction factors for linearity, fading, and beam quality were characterized. Fading was characterized from 5 to 100 days post‐irradiation. For linearity, the TLDs were irradiated to absorbed doses ranging from 1 to 15 Gy in both the entrance of a high‐energy pristine carbon ion peak and the center of a 2 cm spread‐out Bragg peak. For beam quality, the TLD was irradiated to the same absorbed dose (3 Gy) in several pristine carbon ion Bragg peaks, as well as in several spread‐out Bragg peaks. Each correction factor was calculated and compared to photon correction factors. The correction factors were also compared between high and low dose‐averaged linear energy transfer (LETD) in the carbon ion beams. The absorbed dose was compared between ion chamber and TLD‐100 in the several tissue substitute phantom materials, applying the carbon ion TLD correction factors.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in the TLD fading correction factor between photons, low LETD carbon ion beams, or high LETD carbon ion beams. The TLD linearity correction factor did differ between photons, low LETD carbon ions, and high LETD carbon ions. The beam quality correction factor was large and changed linearly with LETD. The overall uncertainty of the carbon ion absorbed dose calculation was 3.9% at the one‐sigma level, driven largely by a 3.5% uncertainty in the beam quality correction. TLD measurements were within 1.2% of ion chamber measurements in the phantom material for polyethylene, solid water (Gammex and Sun Nuclear), acrylic, blue water, and techtron HPV. TLD measurements in balsa wood were within 3.0% and cork was 6.6% low compared to ion chamber.ConclusionTLD‐100 can be used for passive dosimetry in a therapeutic carbon ion beam. Importantly, the linearity and beam quality correction factors are both different from photon therapy, and dependent on LETD of the carbon ion beam. This opens the possibility of TLD use for carbon ion output audits, phantom audits, and in vivo dose measurements, but may be subject to more complicated management and slightly larger uncertainties than are achieved in photon beams.
Improved Fictitious Soil Pile Model for Simulating the Base Soil Under the High‐Strain Condition
Authors: Guan Chengjun , Wen Minjie , Zhang Yiming , Ding Pan , Chen Menghuan , Dai Haofeng , Yang Qingping , Tu Yuan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe dynamic pile‐soil interaction significantly affects the accuracy of pile vibration response analysis. However, currently, there is no well‐established method for simulating pile toe soil under high‐strain dynamic loading (HSDL), which presents a major challenge for pile driving analysis. This paper proposes a fictitious soil pile model to simulate reactions and stress wave propagation in the base soil under HSDL. The pile toe soil was regarded as a fictitious soil pile extending downward to the bedrock at a certain cone angle, considering the non‐linear soil stiffness, radiation damping, and hysteretic damping. The solution of the soil responses was given by differential iterative method combined with MTLAB programming. The model's accuracy was validated against a three‐dimensional (3D) finite element model and the Smith model. Sensitivity analysis was performed on parameters such as discreteness, time interval, cone angle, and non‐linear stiffness. The model shows advantages in simulating stress wave propagation in pile toe soil under HSDL, with attenuation rates decreasing with depth and wave speeds stabilizing after an initial decrease. The soil elastic modulus, pile diameter, cone angle, and impact loads influence the attenuation rate, while only the elastic modulus significantly affects wave speed. The results could be helpful for the simulation of the pile toe soil under HSDL and the study of the attenuation of stress waves in the soil.
A Method for Sharing English Education Resources in Multiple Virtual Networks Based on 6G
Authors: He Hongliu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe rapid advancement of communication technologies, particularly in English language learning, is sharing education with the implementation of sixth‐generation (6G) networks, offering immersive and interactive learning experiences. The purpose of the research is to establish an advanced method for sharing English education resources across multiple virtual networks enabled by 6G technology. Traditional resource‐sharing systems lack the effectiveness and optimization requirement for large‐scale instructional assignments, especially in virtual settings with various user demands. To address this, the study proposed a novel Dynamic Tunicate Swarm Refined Graph Neural Networks (DTS‐RGNN) model to optimize resource allocation and improve the efficiency of resource sharing among educational tasks. The approach uses TSO for resource allocation scalable through 6G technology and GNN for task assignment according to the previous performances and interaction with the students to balance resource utilization. The experimental group performed writing (90%), sharing (91%), listening (85%), and reading (75%), finishing the task in 5.5 s at 1000 GB. Throughput increased by 5.0 GBps and resource utilization efficiency improved to (96%) and student outcomes showed high satisfaction (93%), retention (89%), and engagement (90%). The findings demonstrated the proposed method significantly improves the sharing of online English education resources, promoting more interactive and effective language learning experiences in virtual networks.