bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laminar Fluid Mixing in Micromixers: Description of Pull‐Push Effects
Authors: Haghighinia Arash , Movahedirad Salman , Azad Babak Kamali Doust 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA numerical study was performed on laminar mixing of fluids by means of embedded microbarriers against the flow direction in two three‐dimensional T‐micromixers. Two microchannels with different obstacle arrangements were considered, and the effect of volumetric flow rate Q on two‐stream pull‐push motion was investigated. With increasing Q and distance of the barriers to the sidewalls K, different vortices and fluid movement patterns develop in the two micromixers. Maximum mass transfer is obtained for the micromixer with smaller K value. With decreasing K, pull‐push movement strongly affects fluid merging, and the quality of mixing increases. Moreover, the effect of fluid tortuosity was studied, and a direct relationship between hydrodynamic fluid tortuosity and mass transfer was found.
Metal‐Free Synthesis of Benzo[a]phenanthridines from Aromatic Aldehydes, Cyclohexanones, and Aromatic Amines
Authors: Jiang Pingyu , Shan Zhifei , Chen Shanping , Wang Quanyuan , Jiang Shuxin , Zheng Haolin , Deng Guo‐Jun 
Published: November 2021

Comprehensive SummaryA three‐component synthesis of benzo[α]phenanthridines from aromatic aldehydes, cyclohexanones, and aromatic amines has been developed, which is mediated by KI/DMSO/camphorsulfonic acid to afford a variety of functionalized benzo[α]phenanthridines in satisfactory yields. The present strategy provides a biaryl motif ortho to the nitrogen atom which has the potential to be used as ligand by further modification. With the advantages of readily available starting materials, transition‐metal‐free conditions, gram‐scale synthesis, and broad substrate scope, this three‐component protocol provides an efficient approach for the preparation of diverse benzo[α]phenanthridines.
Cyclic (Amino)(Aryl)Nitrenium Cations with Lewis Acidity Controlled by Remote Substituents
Authors: Wang Wenqing , Zheng Xin , Zhang Leran , Li Shunjie , Zhao Yue , Wang Xinping 
Published: November 2021

Comprehensive SummaryN‐Heterocyclic nitrogen Lewis acids are important in synthetic chemistry. Stable cyclic (amino)(aryl)nitrenium cations, cyc‐1+—cyc‐3+, were synthesized by chemical oxidation of aryl azo compounds with different substituents, iPr, H and I, at the para positions of the phenyl group. The excited triplet states of cyc‐1+—cyc‐3+ abstract H‐atoms step by step to generate radical intermediates cyc‐1H•+—cyc‐3H•+ traced by EPR spectroscopy and products cyc‐1H2+—cyc‐3H2+ characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The Lewis acidity of species cyc‐1+—cyc‐3+ are remote substituent‐dependent. Cyc‐2+—cyc‐3+ have much higher acidity than those previously reported congeners based on energies of LUMOs. The electrophilicity enables them to form Lewis adducts with neutral Lewis base Me3P, and to gain one‐electron to produce neutral radicals cyc‐1•—cyc‐3•.
Factors Affecting the Catalytic Performance of Nano‐catalysts
Authors: Yang Hongling , Wu Yue , Zhuang Zewen , Li Yang , Chen Chen 
Published: November 2021

Comprehensive SummaryNano‐catalysis plays a vital role in the industrially chemical transformations. The increasingly severe energy crisis and environmental issues spur scientists to exploit novel nano‐catalysts in diverse fields. It is essential to understand the fundamental physicochemical properties of nano‐catalysts to develop efficient systems, whose design can be subsequently precisely tuned at the atomic level. In this review, we summarize several key factors affecting the catalytic activity of nano‐catalysts, including structure, composition, size, and interface, providing guidance for the atomic level control of high‐efficient nano‐catalysts. Finally, we present a brief conclusion and some thoughts on nano‐catalysis.
What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?Nanomaterials for catalysis and renewable energy.How do you supervise your students?I always encourage my students to innovate, persist and enjoy their researches.What is the most important personality for scientific research?Strong interest.What are your hobbies? What's your favorite book(s)?Reading, travelling and gaming. My favorite books are novels that give me a variety of different experiences.How do you keep balance between research and family?I always try to make time to be with my family, however busy I am.
Clofarabine monotherapy in two patients with refractory Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Irie Masahiro , Nakano Tomohiro , Katayama Saori , Suzuki Tasuku , Moriya Kunihiko , Watanabe Yuko , Suzuki Nobu , Saitoh‐Nanjyo Yuka , Onuma Masaei , Rikiishi Takeshi , Niizuma Hidetaka , Sasahara Yoji , Kure Shigeo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundBetter therapeutic options other than conventional chemotherapy for pediatric patients with refractory Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) remain undetermined.CaseWe successfully treated two patients with refractory and risk organ negative LCH with clofarabine (CLO) monotherapy after recurrence. We administered total 23 courses of CLO monotherapy in patient 1 and 4 courses in patient 2. Both patients had distinct clinical manifestations but achieved a durable complete response with acceptable adverse effects of transient myelosuppression. CLO monotherapy was still effective when he had the second recurrent lesion after first completion of CLO in patient 1. We could discontinue prednisolone to control his refractory inflammation of LCH after completing CLO chemotherapy in patient 2.ConclusionAlthough large‐scale studies are warranted, CLO monotherapy could be a therapeutic option for high efficacy and feasibility besides other intensive combination chemotherapies or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for refractory LCH without risk organ involvement in children.
Data dissemination approach using machine learning techniques for WBANs
Authors: Punj Roopali , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: November 2021

SummaryNowadays, the technological advancements of low power electronic and sensing devices, wearable systems, communication technologies, and cloud computing have encouraged the provision of ubiquitous health monitoring, medical diagnosis, and treatment consultations. The data collected from the patients are transmitted to mHealth server for real‐time and self‐reliant activity detection, behavior analysis, ambient assisted living, elderly care, activity of daily living, rehabilitations, entertainments, and surveillance in smart home environments. This helps in building sensor analyst systems that analyze the data on mHealth server for disseminating it to the respective end users. This is of utmost importance as it can provide real time feedback to patients, family members, caregivers, and so forth about the behavioral changes of elderly people and people with special needs. In this article, we have proposed knowledge based data dissemination system using machine learning techniques that analyses the data collected on mHealth server in three steps. First, the data are analyzed using support vector machine, k‐nearest neighbor, neural network, and logistic regression. Second, it finds hidden patterns from the data using hidden Markov model (HMM). Third, it defines fuzzy rules to disseminate the data to the end users. The system has been compared against conventional approaches. The uniqueness of the system lies in the fact that it uses temporal nature of data and provides with real‐time feedback as well as predicts outcomes and detects hidden patterns. The results have shown that the techniques NN, HMM, and fuzzy logic when used in conjunction with each other for disease prediction, hidden pattern detection, and data dissemination gives an accuracy of 98%. Thus, increasing effectiveness of sensor analyst system.
Sustainable Flow‐Synthesis of (Bulky) Nucleoside Drugs by a Novel and Highly Stable Nucleoside Phosphorylase Immobilized on Reusable Supports
Authors: Benítez‐Mateos Ana I. , Paradisi Francesca 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe continuous synthesis of valuable nucleoside drugs was achieved in up to 99 % conversion by using a novel halotolerant purine nucleoside phosphorylase from Halomonas elongata (HePNP). HePNP showed an unprecedented tolerance to DMSO, usually required for substrate solubility, and could be immobilized on agarose microbeads through disulfide bonds, via a genetically fused Cystag. This covalent yet reversible binding chemistry showcased the reusability of agarose microbeads in a second round of enzyme immobilization with high reproducibility, reducing waste and increasing the sustainability of the process. Finally, the flow synthesis of a Nelarabine analogue (6‐O‐methyl guanosine) was optimized to full conversion on a 10 mm scale within 2 min residence time, obtaining the highest space‐time yield (89 g L−1 h−1) reported to date. The cost‐efficiency of the system was further enhanced by a catch‐and‐release strategy that allowed to recover and recirculate the excess of sugar donor from the downstream water waste.
Identifying UiO‐67 Metal‐Organic Framework Defects and Binding Sites through Ammonia Adsorption
Authors: Swaroopa Datta Devulapalli Venkata , McDonnell Ryan P. , Ruffley Jonathan P. , Shukla Priyanka B. , Luo Tian‐Yi , De Souza Mattheus L. , Das Prasenjit , Rosi Nathaniel L. , Karl Johnson J. , Borguet Eric 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAmmonia is a widely used toxic industrial chemical that can cause severe respiratory ailments. Therefore, understanding and developing materials for its efficient capture and controlled release is necessary. One such class of materials is 3D porous metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) with exceptional surface areas and robust structures, ideal for gas storage/transport applications. Herein, interactions between ammonia and UiO‐67‐X (X: H, NH2, CH3) zirconium MOFs were studied under cryogenic, ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions using temperature‐programmed desorption mass spectrometry (TPD‐MS) and in‐situ temperature‐programmed infrared (TP‐IR) spectroscopy. Ammonia was observed to interact with μ3−OH groups present on the secondary building unit of UiO‐67‐X MOFs via hydrogen bonding. TP‐IR studies revealed that under cryogenic UHV conditions, UiO‐67‐X MOFs are stable towards ammonia sorption. Interestingly, an increase in the intensity of the C−H stretching mode of the MOF linkers was detected upon ammonia exposure, attributed to NH−π interactions with linkers. These same binding interactions were observed in grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations. Based on TPD‐MS, binding strength of ammonia to three MOFs was determined to be approximately 60 kJ mol−1, suggesting physisorption of ammonia to UiO‐67‐X. In addition, missing linker defect sites, consisting of H2O coordinated to Zr4+ sites, were detected through the formation of nNH3⋅H2O clusters, characterized through in‐situ IR spectroscopy. Structures consistent with these assignments were identified through density functional theory calculations. Tracking these bands through adsorption on thermally activated MOFs gave insight into the dehydroxylation process of UiO‐67 MOFs. This highlights an advantage of using NH3 for the structural analysis of MOFs and developing an understanding of interactions between ammonia and UiO‐67‐X zirconium MOFs, while also providing directions for the development of stable materials for efficient toxic gas sorption.
A 1‐GHz GC‐eDRAM in 7‐nm FinFET with static retention time at 700 mV for ultra‐low power on‐chip memory applications
Authors: Seyedzadeh Sany Bahareh , Ebrahimi Behzad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractConventional static random‐access memory (SRAM) suffers from high leakage power in advanced complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor nodes. Meanwhile, gain‐cell embedded dynamic random‐access memory (GC‐eDRAM) is an area‐efficient alternative to SRAM, although it requires periodic refresh cycles. In this regard, this study proposes a fin field‐effect transistor (FinFET)‐based 5T GC‐eDRAM bitcell that addresses the leakage power issue of SRAM while avoiding the bandwidth‐consuming refreshes of GC‐eDRAM. Furthermore, for the feasibility of scaling down transistors, the gain‐cell design is based on the FinFET, which overcomes short‐channel problems. The proposed 5T bitcell provides additional internal feedback relative to the 4T all‐nMOS fully depleted‐silicon on insulator (FD‐SOI) gain cell to ensure the static retention of both “1” and “0” data. The 2‐kB array was simulated by employing a 7‐nm FinFET predictive technology model (PTM) using HSPICE. The simulation results show that the proposed 5T bitcell (at 0.7 V) enables over 13× smaller data retention power and 10× area reduction compared to the 4T all‐nMOS GC‐eDRAM cell in a 28‐nm FD‐SOI technology.
Geographic variation in the skulls of the horseshoe bats,Rhinolophus simulatorandR. cf. simulator: Determining the relative contributions of adaptation and drift using geometric morphometrics
Authors: Mutumi Gregory L. , Jacobs David S. , Bam Lunga 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe relative contributions of adaptation and genetic drift to morphological diversification of the skulls of echolocating mammals were investigated using two horseshoe bat species,Rhinolophus simulatorandR. cf. simulator, as test cases. We used 3D geometric morphometrics to compare the shapes of skulls of the two lineages collected at various localities in southern Africa. Size and shape variation was predominantly attributed to selective forces; the between‐population variance (B) was not proportional to the within‐population variance (W). Modularity was evident in the crania ofR. simulatorbut absent in the crania ofR. cf. simulatorand the mandibles of both species. The skulls of the two lineages thus appeared to be under different selection pressures, despite the overlap in their distributions. Difference in the crania ofR. cf. simulatorwas centered largely on the nasal dome region ofR. cf. simulatorbut on the cranium and mandibles ofR. simulator. It is likely that the size and shape of the nasal dome, which acts as a frequency‐dependent acoustic horn, is more crucial inR. cf. simulatorthan inR. simulatorbecause of the higher echolocation frequencies used byR. cf. simulator. A larger nasal dome inR. cf. simulatorwould allow the emission of higher intensity pulses, resulting in comparable detection distances to that ofR. simulator. In contrast, selection pressure is probably more pronounced on the mandibles and cranium ofR. simulatorto compensate for the loss in bite force because of its elongated rostrum. The predominance of selection probably reflects the stringent association between environment and the optimal functioning of phenotypic characters associated with echolocation and feeding in bats.
Spectrum sensing in cognitive radio: A deep learning based model
Authors: Xing Huanlai , Qin Haoxiang , Luo Shouxi , Dai Penglin , Xu Lexi , Cheng Xinzhou 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSpectrum sensing is an efficient technology for addressing the shortage of spectrum resources. Widely used methods usually employ model‐based features as the test statistics, such as energies and eigenvalues, ignoring the temporal correlation aspect. Deep learning based methods have the potential to focus on various aspects, including temporal correlation. However, the existing ones are not good at capturing the temporal correlation features from spectrum data as traditional convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short‐term memory network (LSTM) are used for feature extraction. Traditional CNNs were not designed to capture the global temporal correlations from time series data. Standard LSTM captures the temporal correlations based on the data collected from previous time slots only and cannot emphasize some important parts of a time series. This article proposes a data‐driven deep learning based model to classify the received raw signals automatically, where the received signal data is considered time‐series data. The proposed deep neural network (DNN) model is mainly featured with 1‐dimensional convolutional neural network (1D CNN), bidirectional long short‐term memory network (BiLSTM), and self‐attention (SA). The 1D CNN and BiLSTM are responsible for extracting the local features and global correlations from the time series data, and BiLSTM could extract sufficient features in opposite directions. The SA layer enables the classifier network to emphasize those important features obtained by BiLSTM. The simulation results demonstrate that our model performs better than a number of existing DNN models in terms of the probabilities of missed detection and false alarm, especially when the signal to noise ratio is low. Moreover, the impacts of the modulation scheme and sample length on the detection performance are studied.
Clinical presentation, complications, and outcomes of hospitalized COVID‐19 patients in an academic center with a centralized palliative care consult service
Authors: Baker Sarah M. , Leedy Doug J. , Klafter Jesse Abbott , Zhang Yilin , Secrest Kayla M. , Osborn Tristan R. , Cheng Richard K. , Judson Seth D. , Merel Susan E. , Mikacenic Carmen , Bhatraju Pavan K. , Liles W. Conrad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsPalliative care is a critical component of the response of a healthcare system to a pandemic. We present risk factors associated with mortality and highlight an operational palliative care consult service in facilitating early identification of risk factors to guide goal‐concordant care and rational utilization of finite healthcare resources during a pandemic.MethodsIn this case series of 100 consecutive patients hospitalized with COVID‐19, we analyzed clinical data, treatment including palliative care, and outcomes in patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection admitted to three hospitals in Seattle, Washington. We compared data between patients who were discharged and non‐survivors.ResultsAge (OR 4.67 [1.43, 15.32] ages 65‐79; OR 3.96 [1.05, 14.89] ages 80‐97), dementia (OR 5.62 [1.60, 19.74]), and transfer from a congregate living facility (OR 5.40 [2.07, 14.07]), as well hypoxemia and tachypnea (OR 7.00 [2.91, 22.41]; OR 2.78 [1.11, 6.97]) were associated with mortality. Forty‐one (41%) patients required intensive care and 22 (22%) invasive mechanical ventilation. Forty‐six (46%) patients were seen by the palliative care service, resulting in a change of resuscitation status in 54% of admitted patients. Fifty‐eight (58%) patients recovered and were discharged, 34 (34%) died, and eight (8%) remained hospitalized, of which seven ultimately survived and one died.ConclusionsOlder age, dementia, and congregate living were associated with mortality. Early discussions of goals of care facilitated by an operational palliative care consult service can effectively guide goal‐concordant care in patients at high risk for mortality during a pandemic. Development of a functional palliative care consult service is an important component of pandemic planning.
The Impact of Chiral Citronellyl‐Functionalization on Indolenine and Anilino Squaraine Thin Films
Authors: Balzer Frank , Schumacher Marvin F. , Mattiello Sara , Schulz Matthias , Zablocki Jennifer , Schmidtmann Marc , Meerholz Klaus , Serdar Sariciftci N. , Beverina Luca , Lützen Arne , Schiek Manuela 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe impact on chiral aggregation in solution processed and thermally annealed thin films of two indolenine and one anilino squaraines with chiral (S)‐citronellyl functionalization at the nitrogen of the squaraine backbone is investigated. A pseudo polymorphic crystal structure is obtained for one of the indolenine squaraines, but thin films of both compounds are basically non‐aggregated and truly isotropic as evidenced by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The anilino squaraine coalesces and readily aggregates to circular dichroic but discontinuous thin films. The extent of circular dichroism correlates with the morphology of the samples, which is quantified by Mueller matrix polarimetry in combination with atomic force microscopy. The shape of the CD spectra reinforces the hybrid Frenkel and charge‐transfer excitonic nature of the characteristic double hump signatures within unpolarized absorbance spectra of previously investigated non‐chiral anilino squaraines with linear alkyl chain functionalization. Such excitonic CD offers an additional design parameter for next‐generation opto‐electronic devices.
Multi‐party computation mechanism for anonymous equity block trading: A secure implementation of turquoise plato uncross
Authors: Cartlidge John , Smart Nigel P. , Talibi Alaoui Younes 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDark pools are financial trading venues where orders are entered and matched in secret so that no order information is leaked. By preventing information leakage, dark pools offer the opportunity for large volume block traders to avoid the costly effects of market impact. However, dark pool operators have been known to abuse their privileged access to order information. To address this issue, we introduce a provably secure multi‐party computation mechanism that prevents an operator from accessing and misusing order information. Specifically, we implement a secure emulation of Turquoise Plato Uncross, Europe's largest dark pool trading mechanism, and demonstrate that it can handle real world trading throughput, with guaranteed information integrity.
A pioneer study on human 3‐nitropropionic acid intoxication: Contributions from metabolomics
Authors: Bendiksen Skogvold Hanne , Yazdani Mazyar , Sandås Elise Mørk , Østeby Vassli Anja , Kristensen Erle , Haarr Dagfinn , Rootwelt Helge , Elgstøen Katja Benedikte Prestø 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe neurotoxin 3‐nitropropionic acid (3‐NPA) is an inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase, an enzyme participating both in the citric acid cycle and the mitochondrial respiratory chain. In human intoxications, it produces symptoms such as vomiting and stomach ache in mild cases, and dystonia, coma, and sometimes death in severe cases. We report the results from a liquid chromatography‐Orbitrap mass spectrometry metabolomics study mapping the metabolic impacts of 3‐NPA intoxication in plasma, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of a Norwegian boy initially suspected to suffer from a mitochondrial disease. In addition to the identification of 3‐NPA, our findings included a large number of annotated/identified altered metabolites (80, 160, and 62 in plasma, urine, and CSF samples, respectively) belonging to different compound classes, for example, amino acids, fatty acids, and purines and pyrimidines. Our findings indicated protective mechanisms to attenuate the toxic effects of 3‐NPA (e.g., decreased oleamide), occurrence of increased oxidative stress in the patient (such as increased free fatty acids and hypoxanthine) and energy turbulence caused by the intoxication (e.g., increased succinate). To our knowledge, this is the first case of 3‐NPA intoxication reported in Norway and the first published metabolomics study of human 3‐NPA intoxication worldwide. The unexpected identification of 3‐NPA illustrates the importance for health care providers to consider intake‐related intoxications during diagnostic evaluations, treatment and follow‐up examinations for neurotoxicity and a wide range of metabolic derangements.