bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigations of Superheated and Supercritical Injections of Liquid Fuels
Authors: Yin Zhiyao , Kutne Peter , Eichhorn Jochen , Meier Wolfgang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Single- and multicomponent liquid fuels are injected in a jet-in-coflow configuration at elevated temperatures and pressures with both a custom plain orifice nozzle and a commercial pressure-swirl atomizer. The transitions in spray morphology from mechanical breakup to superheated/supercritical regimes are characterized qualitatively by laser shadowgraphy and evaluated based on quantitative measures of superheat. Although fuel preheating exhibits no discernible effect in the mechanical breakup regime, dramatic jet-to-plume transition as well as build-up of fuel vapor in the spray chamber is observed with increasing level of superheat. The difference between two different atomizers in terms of spray behavior diminishes at high levels of superheat, suggesting the predominant role of thermal effect on spray morphology in superheated/supercritical regimes. For a mutlicomponent fuel such as Jet A-1, the transition into a fully flashing spray occurs at temperatures lower than expected values, which are calculated by treating Jet A-1 as a single-component fuel. Additionally, pressure drop is shown as a sensitive indicator for the departure from mechanical breakup and the onset of thermal effect on the spray. Comparisons between measured and estimated pressure drop also reveal the differences in susceptibility to thermal effects between the plain orifice and the pressure-swirl atomizers.
Design and Fabrication of Stirling Engine for Solar Power Application
Authors: Hassan Muhammad , Tariq Hussain Ahmed , Anwar Muhammad , Khan Talha Irfan , Israr Asif 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper showcases the designing, fabrication, and performance evaluation of 90-deg alpha-type Stirling engine. The diameters of the hot and cold cylinder are 50 mm and 44 mm, respectively, with a stroke length of 70 mm. The computer-aided design (CAD) model is developed by keeping in mind the ease of manufacturing, maintenance, bearing replacements, and lubrication. After fabrication, the engine is tested by heating the hot cylinder with air as a working fluid. The engine delivered peak power of 155 watts at the temperature of 1123 K and 968 K for hot and cold cylinders, respectively. This developed prototype can be commissioned with the solar parabolic concentrator in the future based on the smooth operation while delivering power.
The 13th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Computational Transportation Science (IWCTS 2020)
Authors: Kurte Kuldeep , Berres Anne , Ravulaparthy Srinath , Sanyal Jibonananda , Thakur Gautam 
Published: January 2021

Today's growth in big data, edge computing, high-performance computing, and machine learning has opened tremendous opportunities for advances in mobility. The 13
th
International Workshop on Computational Transportation Science (IWCTS 2020) is particularly timely given the prominence of connected automated vehicles technologies in the global auto industry's near-term growth strategies, of big data analytics, unprecedented access to sensing data of mobility, and of integration of this analytics into the optimization of mobility and transport. These developments (as listed below) are deeply computational.

• Transportation Planning & Modeling: travel behavioral analysis, modeling and simulation of population movements and freight transportation systems.
• Transportation Operations: Connected and Autonomous (CAVs), Computational traffic flow models and control algorithms, role of transportation in community spread of a pandemic (COVID-19).
• Infrastructure Sensing: Digital Twin, Data-driven approaches to transportation systems operations
• Other Technologies: Urban sensing technologies, Geoinformatics and Regional Science
Treatment of Hepatitis C Post-Liver Transplantation Could Mitigate Discard Rates of Hepatitis C-Positive Deceased Donor Livers and Expand the Donor Pool
Authors: Keller Jennifer , Marklin Gary , Okoye Obi , Desai Roshani , Sura Tej , Jain Ajay , Varma Chintalapati , Nazzal Mustafa 
Published: January 2021

Background. Prior to 2014, treatment for hepatitis C was limited. However, the subsequent introduction of direct acting antiviral medications (DAA) against hepatitis C led to improvements in morbidity and better medication tolerance. DAA therapy allowed for an increase in treatment rates of hepatitis C in patients on the liver transplant waiting list. With the popularization of DAA, there became a growing concern about the utility of hepatitis C-positive (HCV+) deceased liver donors, especially after treating HCV+ potential recipients on the transplant waiting list. Methods. This is a retrospective, observational study using Mid-America Transplant Services (MTS) database from 2008 to 2017. Comparison was made before the widespread use of DAAs 2008–2013 (pre-DAA) against their common practice use 2014–2017 (post-DAA). All deceased liver donors with HCV antibody or nucleic acid positive results were evaluated. Results. Between 2008 and 2017, 96 deceased liver donors were positive for HCV. In the pre-DAA era, 47 deceased liver donors were positive for HCV, of which 32 (68.1%) were transplanted and 15 (31.9%) were discarded. In the post-DAA era, a total of 49 HCV+ organs were identified, out of which 43 (87.8%) livers were transplanted and 6 (12.2%) were discarded. Discard rate was significantly higher in the pre-DAA population (31.9% vs. 12.2%,

p

= 0.026). Secondary analysis showed a distinct trend towards increased regional sharing and utilization of HCV+ donors. Conclusion. In order to reduce discard rates of HCV+ patients, our data suggest that transplant centers could potentially delay HCV treatment in patients on the transplant waitlist.
Why Are Women Less Represented in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Trials?
Authors: Greige Tatiana , Norton Casey , Foster Lydia D. , Yeatts Sharon D. , Thornhill Andre , Griffin Jessica , Wang Jeffrey , Hrdlicka Courtney M. , Selim Magdy , Palesch Yuko , Perlmutter Aaron , Moy Claudia , Greenberg Steven , Morgenstern Lewis , Hanley Daniel , Xi Guohua , Bleck Thomas P , Balk Robert , Dillon Catherine , Zhao Wenle , Kim Jaemyung , Kumar Sandeep , Farinella Megan , Siwila-Sackman Erica , Feigert Caroline , Schlaug Gottfried , Wang Jasmine , Wright Clinton , Janis Scott , Gilbert Peter , Kase Carlos S , Carson Shannon , Flaherty Matthew , Kessler Craig M , McClure Leslie A , Bannon Donna , Broderick Joseph , Dill Amy 
Published: January 2021

Background and Purpose:
Fewer women than men tend to be enrolled in clinical trials of intracerebral hemorrhage. It is unclear whether this reflects lower prevalence of intracerebral hemorrhage in women, selection bias, or poor recruitment efforts. We undertook this study to examine differences between men and women in the reasons for exclusion from the iDEF trial (Intracerebral Hemorrhage Deferoxamine).

Methods:
The screen failure log included 29 different reasons for exclusion. Chi-square statistics were used to evaluate the differences in reasons for exclusion between men and women.

Results:

A total of 38.2% of participants in iDEF were women. Three thousand nine hundred eighty-two women (45.7%) and 4736 men (54.3%) were screen failures (
P
<0.0001). Similar proportions of women (1.28%) and men (1.73%) were excluded due to inability to obtain consent (
P
=0.1). Patients or families declined participation in 1.26% of women versus 1.31% of men (
P
=0.9). More women than men failed screening because of age>80 (22.40% versus 12.61%; adjusted
P
=0.0007) and preexisting do-not-resuscitate/do-not-intubate (3.69% versus 2.83%; adjusted
P
=0.067).

Conclusions:
Lower rates of women enrollment in the iDEF trial may be attributed to older age. Inability to obtain consent or declining participation was similar between women and men, arguing against selection bias. Our findings should be confirmed in other intracerebral hemorrhage trials to determine best strategies to improve women’s representation in future trials.
Conservation Research in Times of COVID-19 – The Rescue of the Northern White Rhino
Authors: Hildebrandt Thomas B. , Holtze Susanne , Biasetti Pierfrancesco , Colleoni Silvia , de Mori Barbara , Diecke Sebastian , Göritz Frank , Hayashi Katsuhiko , Hayashi Masafumi , Hermes Robert , Kariuki Linus , Lazzari Giovanna , Mijele Domnic , Mutisya Samuel , Ndeereh David , Ngulu Stephen , Seet Steven , Zwilling Jan , Zywitza Vera , Stejskal Jan , Galli Cesare 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 has changed the world at unprecedented pace. The measures imposed by governments across the globe for containing the pandemic have severely affected all facets of economy and society, including scientific progress. Сonservation research has not been exempt from these negative effects, which we here summarize for the BioRescue project, aiming at saving the northern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum cottoni), an important Central African keystone species, of which only two female individuals are left. The development of advanced assisted reproduction and stem-cell technologies to achieve this goal involves experts across five continents. Maintaining international collaborations under conditions of national shut-down and travel restrictions poses major challenges. The associated ethical implications and consequences are particularly troublesome when it comes to research directed at protecting biological diversity – all the more in the light of increasing evidence that biodiversity and intact ecological habitats might limit the spread of novel pathogens.
Automated Detection, Classification, and Tracking of Internal Wave Signatures Using X-Band Radar in the Inner Shelf
Authors: Celona Sean , Merrifield Sophia T. , de Paolo Tony , Kaslan Nate , Cook Tom , Terrill Eric J. , Colosi John A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA method based on machine learning and image processing techniques has been developed to track the surface expression of internal waves in near–real time. X-band radar scans are first preprocessed and averaged to suppress surface wave clutter and enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of persistent backscatter features driven by gradients in surface currents. A machine learning algorithm utilizing a support vector machine (SVM) model is then used to classify whether or not the image contains an internal solitary wave (ISW) or internal tide bore (bore). The use of machine learning is found to allow rapid assessment of the large dataset, and provides insight on characterizing optimal environmental conditions to allow for radar illumination and detection of ISWs and bores. Radon transforms and local maxima detections are used to locate these features within images that are determined to contain an ISW or bore. The resulting time series of locations is used to create a map of propagation speed and direction that captures the spatiotemporal variability of the ISW or bore in the coastal environment. This technique is applied to 2 months of data collected near Point Sal, California, and captures ISW and bore propagation speed and direction information that currently cannot be measured with instruments such as moorings and synthetic aperture radar (SAR).
The longitudinal relationship of school climate with adolescent social and emotional health
Authors: Wong Mitchell D. , Dosanjh Kulwant K. , Jackson Nicholas J. , Rünger Dennis , Dudovitz Rebecca N. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Schools and school climate are thought to influence academic outcomes as well as child and adolescent development, health and well-being. We sought to examine the relationship between several aspects of the school climate with adolescent social-emotional health outcomes.

Methods
We analysed data from the Reducing Inequities through Social and Educational change Follow-up (RISE UP) Study, a longitudinal natural experimental study of Los Angeles high school students collected from 2013 to 2018. We analysed data on the portion of the sample that completed the baseline, 10th grade and 11th grade surveys (n=1114). Students reported their perceptions of school climate at 10th grade and social-emotional outcomes including grit, self-efficacy, depression, hopelessness, and stress at baseline (9th grade) and at 11th grade. Multivariable regressions adjusted for student and parental demographics and baseline social-emotional states tested associations between school climate and each outcome.

Results
Students who reported being in authoritative school environments in 10th grade, one that is highly supportive and highly structured, had subsequently higher levels of self-efficacy (p< 0.001) and grit (p=0.01). They also had fewer depressive symptoms (p=0.008), and less hopelessness (p = 0.01), stress at school (p=0.002) and stress about the future (p=0.03) reported in 11th grade.

Conclusions
School climate, and particularly an authoritative school environment, is strongly associated with better social-emotional health among adolescents. Relationship with teachers and their disciplinary style may be a focus for future interventions to improve the social-emotional health of children.
Modelling cost-effectiveness of syphilis detection strategies in prisoners: exploratory exercise in a Chilean male prison
Authors: Castillo-Laborde Carla , Gajardo Pedro , Nájera-De Ferrari Manuel , Matute Isabel , Hirmas-Adauy Macarena , Aguirre Pablo , Ramírez Héctor , Ramírez Daniel , Aguilera Ximena 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Syphilis, together with other sexually transmitted infections, remains a global public health problem that is far from controlled. People deprived of liberty are a vulnerable population. Control activities in prisons rely mostly on passive case detection, despite the existence of affordable alternatives that would allow switching to active case-finding strategies. Our objective was to develop a mathematical modelling framework for cost-effectiveness evaluation, from a health system perspective, of different approaches using rapid tests for the detection of syphilis in inmates' populations and to explore the results based on a Chilean male prison population.

Methods
A compartmental model was developed to characterize the transmission dynamics of syphilis inside a prison with the ongoing strategy (passive case detection, with VRDL + FTA-ABS), considering the entrance and exit of inmates over a 40 year period. The model allows simulation of the implementation of a reverse algorithm for the current situation (rapid test + VDRL), different screening strategies (entry point, massive periodically; both with rapid test + VDRL) and treatment of detected cases. The parameters for the exploratory exercise were obtained from systematic searches of indexed and grey literature and field work (EQ-5D questionnaire application and key actors interviews). Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was conducted to account for uncertainty in relevant parameters.

Results
The proposed framework allows the evaluation of different detection strategies. In this study, all the strategies were cost-effective in the baseline scenario when considering an ICER threshold of 1 Chilean GDP per capita (US$15,000). The strategies most likely to be cost-effective (over 80% probability) were: current situation with reverse algorithm, entry point screening and mass screening every two years; the latter was the most effective, achieving the lowest prevalence (0.7% and 1.7% over the period versus the 3% prevalence in the current situation).

Conclusions
Mathematical modelling that considers the performance of different tests and detection strategies could be a useful tool for decision making. The exploratory results show the efficiency of adopting both the use of the rapid tests and performing active case detection to significantly reduce the burden of syphilis in Chilean prisons in the near future.
HELQ and EGR3 expression correlate with IGHV mutation status and prognosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Guo Chao , Gao Ya-yue , Ju Qian-qian , Zhang Chun-xia , Gong Ming , Li Zhen-ling 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
IGHV mutation status is a crucial prognostic biomarker for CLL. In the present study, we investigated the transcriptomic signatures associating with IGHV mutation status and CLL prognosis.

Methods
The co-expression modules and hub genes correlating with IGHV status, were identified using the GSE28654, by ‘WGCNA’ package and R software (version 4.0.2). The over-representation analysis was performed to reveal enriched cell pathways for genes of correlating modules. Then 9 external cohorts were used to validate the correlation of hub genes expression with IGHV status or clinical features (treatment response, transformation to Richter syndrome, etc.). Moreover, to elucidate the significance of hub genes on disease course and prognosis of CLL patients, the Kaplan–Meier analysis for the OS and TTFT of were performed between subgroups dichotomized by the median expression value of individual hub genes.

Results
2 co-expression modules and 9 hub genes ((FCRL1/FCRL2/HELQ/EGR3LPL/LDOC1/ZNF667/SOWAHC/SEPTIN10) correlating with IGHV status were identified by WGCNA, and validated by external datasets. The modules were found to be enriched in NF-kappaB, HIF-1 and other important pathways, involving cell proliferation and apoptosis. The expression of hub genes was revealed to be significantly different, not only between CLL and normal B cell, but also between various types of lymphoid neoplasms. HELQ expression was found to be related with response of immunochemotherapy treatment significantly (p = 0.0413), while HELQ and ZNF667 were expressed differently between stable CLL and Richter syndrome patients (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0278, respectively). By survival analysis of subgroups, EGR3 expression was indicated to be significantly associated with TTFT by 2 independent cohorts (GSE39671, p = 0.0311; GSE22762, p = 0.0135). While the expression of HELQ and EGR3 was found to be associated with OS (p = 0.0291 and 0.0114 respectively).The Kras, Hedgehog and IL6-JAK-STAT3 pathways were found to be associating with the expression of hub genes, resulting from GSEA.

Conclusions
The expression of HELQ and EGR3 were correlated with IGHV mutation status in CLL patients. Additionally, the expression of HELQ/EGR3 were prognostic markers for CLL associating with targetable cell signaling pathways.
LncRNA HOTAIRM1, miR-433-5p and PIK3CD function as a ceRNA network to exacerbate the development of PCOS
Authors: Guo Hongmin , Li Ting , Sun Xinhui 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Currently, several non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) were distinguished in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). This present study aims to explore the potential function of lncRNA HOTAIRM1/miR-433-5p/PIK3CD in ovarian granulosa cells.

Methods
We analyzed the expression profiles of HOTAIRM1, miR-433-5p and PIK3CD in PCOS samples by enquiring GEO database. GSEA was applied to enrich the pathways related to PCOS. The target association between HOTAIRM1 and miR-433-5p or the binding association between miR-433-5p and PIK3CD were assessed by online prediction tools and a dual luciferase reporter assay. qPCR and western blotting assays were used to detect PIK3CD expression after HOTAIRM1 and miR-433-5p treatment. The proliferation and apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells were estimated by cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry assays, respectively.

Results
The expression profiles of HOTAIRM1 and PIK3CD were increased, whereas miR-433-5p was decreased in PCOS tissues. PIK3CD expression was positively regulated by HOTAIRM1 and negatively modulated by miR-433-5p. Overexpression of HOTAIRM1 reduced the proliferative ability and increased the apoptotic ability of granulosa cells, whereas upregulation of miR-433-5p or downregulation of PIK3CD reversed the effects of HOTAIRM1 on granulosa cells. Moreover, overexpression of miR-433-5 displayed a results with increasing proliferative ability and decreasing apoptotic ability, but upregulation of PIK3CD eliminated the function of miR-433-5p on granulosa cells.

Conclusions
Our findings illustrated that HOTAIRM1 could sponge miR-433-5p to promote PIK3CD expression, thereby regulating the growth and apoptosis of granulose cells in PCOS.
A secure procedure for early career scientists to report apparent misconduct
Authors: Fischhoff Baruch , Dewitt Barry , Sahlin Nils-Eric , Davis Alex 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEarly career scientists sometimes observe senior scientists engage in apparent scientific misconduct, but feel powerless to intervene, lest they imperil their careers. We propose a Secure Reporting Procedure that both protects them, when pursuing those concerns, and treats the senior scientists fairly. The proposed procedure is, we argue, consistent with the ethical principles of the scientific community, as expressed in the codes of its professional organizations. However, its implementation will require changes in procedures and regulations. Those efforts will be a small price to pay for protecting the scientific community’s integrity and fidelity to its principles. We begin by describing the circumstances motivating the proposal, then sketch its design, and, finally, illustrate next steps in its application in two national settings.
Comparative evaluation of fluoride varnishes, self-assembling peptide-based remineralization agent, and enamel matrix protein derivative on artificial enamel remineralization in vitro
Authors: Lena Sezici Yağmur , Yetkiner Enver , Aykut Yetkiner Arzu , Eden Ece , Attin Rengin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
One of the most unfavorable side effects of fixed orthodontic treatment is white spot lesions (WSLs). Although the most important approach is prevention of WSLs, it is also essential to evaluate the efficacy of the remineralization agents. However, there is no concurrence in the literature with respect to the remineralization process of these agents. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different fluoride varnishes, enamel matrix protein, and self-assembling peptide derivatives with varying chemical compositions on remineralization of artificially created WSLs in vitro using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF).

Methods
Artificial WSLs were created on bovine enamel samples using acidic buffer solution (pH 5, 10 days). Specimens were randomly allocated to six groups (n = 10/group): (1) Emdogain (Straumann, Basel, Switzerland), (2) Curodont Repair (Credentis AG, Switzerland), (3) Duraphat (Colgate-Palmolive, New York, NY), (4) Clinpro XT (3 M ESPE, Pymble, New South Wales, Australia), (5) Enamel Pro Varnish (Premier Dental Products, PA, USA), and (6) control (untreated). The agents were applied to the WSLs according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Fluorescence loss (ΔF), lesion area (area), and impact (ΔQ) values of enamel surfaces were quantified by QLF-D BiluminatorTM (Inspektor-Pro, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) at baseline and after 7, 14, and 21 days of application of the respective materials.

Results
ΔF value presented a significantly decreasing trend throughout the 21 days for all groups except the Duraphat and Enamel Pro varnishes. The changes between 14th and 21st days of the Clinpro XT varnish application were significantly higher than Emdogain, Curodont, and Enamel Pro. The Curodont group showed higher lesion area changes between the first and second week in comparison to the Emdogain, Clinpro XT, and Enamel Pro groups, whereas Clinpro XT assured the highest reduction from the second to the third week of the observation period.

Conclusions
The fluorescence loss was significantly reduced with enamel matrix protein, self-assembling peptide, and light-curable fluoride varnishes in the analysis for 21 days. Curodont and Clinpro XT were effective in diminishing the fluorescence loss and lesion area compared to the Duraphat, Enamel Pro fluoride varnishes, and Emdogain in different time points.