bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical Toxicity Prediction Based on Semi-supervised Learning and Graph Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Chen Jiarui , Si Yain-Whar , Un Chon-Wai , Siu Shirley W. I. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
As safety is one of the most important properties of drugs, chemical toxicology prediction has received increasing attentions in the drug discovery research. Traditionally, researchers rely on in vitro and in vivo experiments to test the toxicity of chemical compounds. However, not only are these experiments time consuming and costly, but experiments that involve animal testing are increasingly subject to ethical concerns. While traditional machine learning (ML) methods have been used in the field with some success, the limited availability of annotated toxicity data is the major hurdle for further improving model performance. Inspired by the success of semi-supervised learning (SSL) algorithms, we propose a Graph Convolution Neural Network (GCN) to predict chemical toxicity and trained the network by the Mean Teacher (MT) SSL algorithm. Using the Tox21 data, our optimal SSL-GCN models for predicting the twelve toxicological endpoints achieve an average ROC-AUC score of 0.757 in the test set, which is a 6% improvement over GCN models trained by supervised learning and conventional ML methods. Our SSL-GCN models also exhibit superior performance when compared to models constructed using the built-in DeepChem ML methods. This study demonstrates that SSL can increase the prediction power of models by learning from unannotated data. The optimal unannotated to annotated data ratio ranges between 1:1 and 4:1. This study demonstrates the success of SSL in chemical toxicity prediction; the same technique is expected to be beneficial to other chemical property prediction tasks by utilizing existing large chemical databases.
Breastfeeding Knowledge, Attitude, Self-Efficacy, and Social Support Among Mother of Macrosomia in China
Authors: Xia Man , Liu Jinfeng , Huang Rong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Breastfeeding knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and social support are affective of a mother’s confidence in breastfeeding which are influencing factors of breastfeeding ways. Knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and social support play important and positive role in promoting breastfeeding behavior in macrosomia.Methods: Collect breastfeeding knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and social support scale of 332 mothers of macrosomia, state the current breastfeeding condition macrosomia in China, investigate the influencing factors of breastfeeding way. Using t test for continuous variables and chi-squared or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables.Results: The study collected Breastfeeding knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and social support scale of 332 mothers of macrosomia (148 from breastfeeding group and 184 from non-breastfeeding group). Compared with mothers in control groups, mothers in breastfeeding groups had significantly higher knowledge score, and most of the high-scoring items on the knowledge scale pertained to maternal breastfeeding benefits. Although the attitude had no significant difference between the two groups, most majority of participants (71.4% and 73.2%, respectively) perceived breastfeeding could increase the intimacy of mother and infant (95.41% and 94.75%, respectively). Breastfeeding ways were great influence by self-efficacy. Over half of participants (55.41% and 53.26%, respectively) stated that they “have more than 3 friends who can get support and help,” although up to 95% in both groups supported from family members.Conclusion: This study state that knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy and social support are influencing factor that to improve breastfeeding rates of macrosomia, which promote the breastfeeding outcomes.
Angiographic Features and Transarterial Embolization of Retained Placenta With Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding
Authors: Takaji Ryo , Kiyosue Hiro , Maruno Miyuki , Hongo Norio , Shimada Ryuichi , Ide Satomi , Tokuyama Kohei , Okamoto Mamiko , Kawano Yasushi , Asayama Yoshiki 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objectives: To clarify characteristic angiographic features and clinical efficacy of selective transarterial embolization (TAE) of retained placenta with abnormal vaginal bleeding.Methods: The study cohort comprised 22 patients (mean age, 33.5 years; range, 22–24 years) who underwent selective TAE for retained placenta with abnormal bleeding between January 2018 and December 2020 at our institution. Angiographic images were reviewed by two certified radiologists with consensus. Medical records were reviewed to evaluate the efficacy of TAE. Angiographic features of retained placenta, technical success (disappearance of abnormal findings on angiography), complications, clinical outcomes (hemostatic effects and recurrent bleeding) were evaluated. Results: Pelvic angiography showed a dilated vascular channel mimicking arteriovenous fistulas or an aneurysm contiguous with dilated uterine arteries in the mid-arterial–capillary phase (tentatively named “serpiginous blood sinus”) in 20 patients; it showed contrast brush in the remaining two patients. TAE technical success was achieved in all patients. No major complications were observed in any patients. Fifteen patients were followed up with expectant management after TAE; all but one patient showed no re-bleeding during the follow-up period (mean follow-up interval, 3.4 months; range, 1–17 months). One patient showed minor rebleeding, which resolved spontaneously. Seven patients underwent scheduled hysteroscopic resection within 1 week after TAE, and no excessive bleeding was observed during or after the surgical procedure in all seven patients.Conclusions: The characteristic angiographic feature of retained placenta is “serpiginous blood sinus.” TAE is a safe and effective treatment to manage retained placenta with abnormal bleeding.
Evaluation of the Distribution of Shrimp Species Found in Southern Benin Through the Lake Nokoué-ocean Complex
Authors: Sintondji Sèlomè Wilfried , Gozingan Amoussou Sylvain , Sohou Zacharie , Taymans Matthieu , Baetens Katrijn , Lacroix Geneviève , Fiogbé Emile Didier 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe export of shrimp to the European Union was one of the mainstays of the Beninese economy. It is an income-generating activity for the populations living along lake Nokoué. The lack of a fisheries management strategy has caused a drastic decline in shrimp production in lake Nokoué since 2003. To remedy this problem, it is necessary to hypothesize on their spatio-temporal dynamics in the lake Nokoué-Cotonou channel complex. This is investigated by combining a literature review on their life cycles and habitat suitability with spatio-temporal evolution of salinity obtained from in-situ observations.ResultsThe literature review recognizes the presence in southern Benin of species of the genus Macrobrachium, Atya and Desmocaris (seven, two and one respectively) and five species of marine shrimps belonging to three genera: the genus Penaeus, the genus Holthuispenaeopsis and the genus Parapenaeus. From information on the ecology and physical environment it is shown that adults of the species of the genus Macrobrachium and genus Atya have a favorable environment in lake Nokoué from August to November, their larvae must remain in the lake from December to June to ensure their survival. The species of the genus Desmocaris, which carry out their entire life cycle in fresh water, can stay in lake Nokoué from August to November. The species of the genus Penaeus can find a favorable environment in lake Nokoué from December to June but their larvae can only survive in the sea. Finally, the species of the genus Holthuispenaeopsis and Parapenaeus spend their entire life cycle at sea.ConclusionsThis work allows understanding contrasted life cycles of shrimp’s genera Macrobrachium and Atya compared to Penaeus in a complex ecosystem characterized by strong saline variation. This research allows to predict the presence or absence of shrimp’s genera Macrobrachium, Atya, Desmocaris and Penaeus in a lake system, on the basis of salinity distribution, for a sustainable management of their exploitation.
The distribution and direct impacts of marine debris on the commercial shrimping industry
Authors: Rodolfich Alyssa , Sparks Eric , Posadas Benedict , Rodgers John , Skarke Adam , Bradley Ryan , Wessel Caitlin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Commercial shrimpers frequently encounter marine debris in their nets, resulting in the loss of time and catch, and added repair costs. Prior to this study, no information existed on the spatial and temporal distribution of marine debris that shrimpers encounter and the subsequent economic impact on commercial shrimping. To characterize the quantity and impacts of marine debris, twenty commercial shrimpers participated in a comprehensive data collection program within the north central Gulf of Mexico, USA. Results showed that derelict crab traps were an overwhelming issue for shrimpers, and the type of fishing gear used (skimmer vs. otter trawls) influenced both the type of marine debris encountered and the subsequent economic impacts. Surveyed shrimpers encountered marine debris on 19% of tows and lost an average of 18.21 minutes, 7.88 kg of catch, and $6.37 (USD) in gear damage per tow with encounters, resulting in losses of $7,683 (USD) per year, per shrimper.
‘Such a massive part of rehab is between the ears’; barriers to and facilitators of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rehabilitation: a qualitative focus group analysis
Authors: Walker Adam , Hing Wayne , Gough Suzanne , Lorimer Anna 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Current evidence demonstrates that few patients complete anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rehabilitation according to evidence-based guidelines. It is important to investigate the viewpoints of our patients to identify patient-reported barriers and facilitators of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rehabilitation. Qualitative analysis can provide insight into potential methods for improving the delivery of rehabilitation services.
Methods

In this qualitative study, utilising a social constructionism orientation, viewed through the social phenomenological lens, three focus groups were conducted with individuals 1–20 years post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (n = 20, 9 males, 11 females, mean 6.5 years post-surgery, 21–51 years old). Focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and coded using an inductive semantic thematic analysis methodology. Participants were asked about their experiences during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rehabilitation.
Results

Five organising themes were identified (consisting of 19 sub-themes) to provide a framework to present the data: psychological, physiological, rehabilitation service, rehabilitation characteristics, and interaction with others. Each theme details aspects of rehabilitation, such as exercise delivery, informational support, frequency, and duration of care, kinesiophobia, weight gain and interactions with teams and coaches, which present barriers for patients to adhere to and participate in rehabilitation. Example quotes are provided for each theme to provide context and the patient’s voice.
Conclusions

This qualitative investigation identified key aspects of a patient's rehabilitation in which they encounter a variety of barriers and facilitators of ACL reconstruction rehabilitation. This cohort consistently identified these aspects as areas that affected their rehabilitation. The themes may provide targets for clinicians to improve rehabilitation and deliver patient-centred care. However, the themes must evaluate in future trials to assess whether interventions to remove barriers or enhance facilitators improves subsequent outcomes such as return to sport and re-injury rates.
Nanometer-scale photon confinement inside dielectrics
Authors: Albrechtsen Marcus , Lahijani Babak Vosoughi , Christiansen Rasmus , Nguyen Vy , Casses Laura , Hansen Søren , Stenger Nicolas , Sigmund Ole , Jansen Henri , Moerk Jesper , Stobbe Søren 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Optical nanocavities confine and store light, which is essential to increase the interaction between photons and electrons in semiconductor devices, enabling, e.g., lasers and emerging quantum technologies. While temporal confinement has improved by orders of magnitude over the past decades, spatial confinement inside dielectrics was until recently believed to be bounded at the diffraction limit. The conception of dielectric bowtie cavities (DBCs) shows a path to photon confinement inside semiconductors with mode volumes bound only by the constraints of materials and nanofabrication, but theory was so far misguided by inconsistent definitions of the mode volume and experimental progress has been impeded by steep nanofabrication requirements. Here we demonstrate nanometer-scale photon confinement inside 8 nm silicon DBCs with an aspect ratio of 30, inversely designed by fabrication-constrained topology optimization. Our cavities are defined within a compact device footprint of 4 lambda^2 and exhibit mode volumes down to V = 3E-4 lambda^3 with wavelengths in the lambda = 1550 nm telecom band. This corresponds to field localization deep below the diffraction limit in a single hotspot inside the dielectric. A crucial insight underpinning our work is the identification of the critical role of lightning-rod effects at the surface. They invalidate the common definition of the mode volume, which is prone to gauge meretricious surface effects or numerical artefacts rather than robust confinement inside the dielectric. We use near-field optical measurements to corroborate the photon confinement to a single nanometer-scale hotspot. Our work enables new CMOS-compatible device concepts ranging from few- and single-photon nonlinearities over electronics-photonics integration to biosensing.
dPRLR Cause the Differences in Immune Responses Between Early and Late Feathered Chickens After ALV-J Infection
Authors: Mo Guodong , Hu Bowen , Zhang Qihong , Ruan Zhuohao , Li Wangyu , Liang Jiaying , Shen Yizi , Mo Zhixin , Zhang Zihao , Wu Zhuyue , Shi Meiqing , Zhang Xiquan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The late feathering (LF) chickens are more susceptible to avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) infection than are early feathering (EF) chickens. To understand the differences in immune responses between EF and LF chickens after infection with ALV-J, we monitored the levels of prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH), and immunoglobulin IgG and IgM in serum in LF and EF chickens for 8 weeks. Six birds with positive or negative ALV-J infection from EF or LF, respectively. Moreover, we analyzed the expression of immune-related genes in the spleen and the expression of prolactin receptor (PRLR), sperm flagellar 2 (SPEF2), and parts of PRLR (dPRLR) in the spleen, thymus, bone marrow, cecal tonsils, and DF-1 cells by qRT-PCR. Results: The results showed that ALV-J infection affected the expression of prolactin, growth hormone, IgG and IgM in serum. No matter LF and EF chickens were infected with ALV-J or not, the levels of the two hormones and the two immunoglobulins in the serum of EF chickens were higher than those of LF chickens (P < 0.05). However, the expression of immune-related genes in the spleen of LF positive chickens was higher than that of EF positive chickens. In the four immune organs, the PRLR and SPEF2 expression of LF chickens was also higher than that of EF chickens. Furthermore, the dPRLR expression of LF positive chickens was higher than that of LF negative chickens. After being infected with ALV-J, the expression of PRLR in DF-1 cells was significantly increased. Besides, overexpression of PRLR or dPRLR in DF-1 cells promoted the replication of the ALV-J virus.Conclusion: Overall, the levels of PRL, GH, IgG and IgM in the serum along with the expression of some immune-related genes in the spleen were all different in LF and EF chickens after being infected with ALV-J. These findings revealed that the susceptibility of LF chickens to ALV-J might be induced by dPRLR.
Direct Effect of Lipopolysaccharide and Histamine on Permeability Barrier of Rumen Epithelium
Authors: Gao Shengtao , Zhula Alateng , Liu Wenhui , Lu Zhongyan , Shen Zanming , Penner Gregory B , Ma Lu , Bu Dengpan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Disruption of the ruminal epithelium barrier occurs during subacute ruminal acidosis due to low pH, hyper-osmolality, and increased concentrations of lipopolysaccharide and histamine in ruminal fluid. However, the individual roles of lipopolysaccharide and histamine in the process of ruminal epithelium barriers disruption are not clear. The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the direct effect of lipopolysaccharide and histamine on barrier function of the ruminal epithelium. Results: Compared with control (CON), lipopolysaccharide (HIS) increased the short-circuit current (Isc) (88.2%, P = 0.0022), transepithelial conductance (Gt) (29.7%, P = 0.0564) and the permeability of fluorescein 5(6)-isothiocyanate (FITC) (1.04-fold, P = 0.0047) of ruminal epithelium. The apparent permeability of LPS was 1.81-fold higher than HIS (P = 0.0005). The mRNA abundance of OCLN in ruminal epithelium was decreased by HIS (1.1-fold, P = 0.0473). Conclusions: The results of the present study suggested that histamine plays a direct role in the disruption of ruminal epithelium barrier function while lipopolysaccharide without acidic pH has no significant effect on the permeability of rumen tissues.
Retrograde Surgical Cut-down Direct Thrombectomy as a Salvage Procedure for Acute Limb Ischemia With Below the Knee Thrombotic Occlusion: a Case Series
Authors: Li Ying-Sheng , Li Ying-Ching 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Acute limb ischemia is a serious condition even in an era of highly comprehensive medical treatment. Despite the development of conservative and endovascular treatment, complete removal of the thrombus with antegrade thrombectomy via the femoral approach, especially in below-the-knee arteries, is still not possible. In addition, distal embolization of dislodged debris or thrombus during the procedure is another concern as this might cause severe complications, including amputation. Given the above-mentioned issues, retrograde surgical cut-down direct thrombectomy from the dorsalis pedis artery and posterior tibial artery could be an optimal option for complete revascularization in below-the-knee arteries. Case presentation: We present five cases where the limbs were preserved after retrograde surgical thrombectomy. The standard antegrade thrombectomy procedure with a conventional surgical approach from the common femoral artery was performed. All five patients underwent an intraoperative assessment of indications for dorsalis pedis artery and posterior tibial artery retrograde thrombectomy by the surgical cut-down method. After retrograde thrombectomy, direct evaluation of blood flow was the strongest evidence of revascularization. A retrograde angiogram showed revascularization of below-the-knee arteries. All five patients had successful salvage procedures that prevented major limb amputation. Conclusion: Retrograde surgical thrombectomy could be a salvage procedure for incomplete antegrade thrombectomy.
Assessing the Microbial Quality of Commercial Aquaculture Probiotics by Next Generation Sequencing Revealed Faecal Bacteria and Bacteria of Public Health Significance
Authors: Joseph Toms , K.S Bibindas , T.R Lakshmi , Eltholth Mahmoud , Murray Francis 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
There is an increasing trend in the application of probiotics in aquaculture as an environment friendly alternative to antibiotics for the control and treatment of diseases. The microbiome of commercial aquaculture probiotics were evaluated using NGS to understand the microbial species composition vis-à-vis the label on the probiotic product. Bacteria belonging to 12 bacterial species stated on the labels of five probiotics were absent. The sequence reads of the microorganisms declared on the label ranged from 0.28-79 % for the probiotics tested while the rest were contaminants. The number of contaminant bacteria varied from 2 to 15 for the tested products. All products were found to have at least one bacterial species that were potentially pathogenic or of fecal origin. To our knowledge this is the first study that utilized the potential of NGS to assess the microbial quality of commercial aquaculture probiotics providing novel insights in understanding the microbial composition of probiotic products which are otherwise difficult to identify. It is proposed that probiotic products shall be approved for use in aquaculture after determining the performance efficiency by in vivo trails in farms, analysis of bacterial composition and concentration which shall be displayed on product labels.
Everolimus-Induced Loss of Exosomal miR-7-5p Activates MNK/eIF4E Axis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Liu Sile , Wang Weiyuan , Ning Yue , Zheng Hongmei , Zhan Yuting , Wang Haihua , Yang Yang , Luo Jiadi , Wen Qiuyuan , Zang Hongjing , Peng Jinwu , Ma Jian , Fan Songqing 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Everolimus is a kind of mTOR inhibitors. Activated mitogen-activated protein kinase interacting kinases/eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (MNK/eIF4E) axis plays a crucial role in resistance to Everolimus in non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC). Typically, eIF4E phosphorylation increased by mTOR inhibitors was mainly mediated by MNKs. But the mechanisms are poorly understood. Recently, extensive reprogramming of miRNA profiles has also been found after long-term mTOR inhibitor exposing. Our previous studies have found that tumor suppressor miR-7-5p was loss in A549 cells after treatment of Everolimus. Exactly, MNK1 is the target of miR-7-5p. Here, we analyzed levels and functions of miR-7-5p in the usage of Everolimus in NSCLC.Methods: miR-7-5p level and expression of main markers of MNK/eIF4E axis was evaluated by qRT-PCR, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry on human NPC samples, and by RT-PCR, western blot on NPC cell lines. Proliferation, migration and invasion of NPC cells in culture were assessed by Colony formation, CCK-8, Wound healing and Transwell assays. NPC cell tumorigenicity was assessed by xenotransplants in nude mice. Targeted binding of miR-7-5p to MNK1 was confirmed by the Dual-luciferase reporter assay. And the isolation and identification of exosomes were invested by Invitrogen™ Total Exosome RNA Isolation Kit, western blot, transmission electron microscopy and Zetasizer Nano ZS90 instrument.Results: Everolimus stimulatedtherelease of miR-7-5p loaded exosomes from NSCLC cellsinRab27A and Rab27B dependent manners, thereby reducing the intracellular tumor suppressor miR-7-5p to attenuate the inhibition of MNK1 and promote MNK-dependent eIF4E phosphorylation. Of note, both lower miR-7-5p and positive MNK1 could act as independent poor prognostic biomarkers for NSCLC. And delivery of miR-7-5p would inhibit the poor prognosis of it. Bothendogenous miR-7-5p-5p or exo-miR-7-5p collaborated with Everolimus, not only inhibited the proliferation, migration, and metastasisof NSCLC in vitro and in vivo, but also promoted the apoptosis of NSCLC viatargeting MNK/eIF4E axis.Conclusion: Everolimus-induced loss of exosomal miR-7-5p activates MNK/eIF4E axis to blunt effectiveness of itself in NSCLC. Therefore, delivery of miR-7-5p could act as a combined therapeutic strategy for mTOR-targeted cancer therapy and prognosis.