bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of An Inflammatory Response-Related Gene Signature To Predict Prognosis and Immunotherapy Response For Patients With Glioma
Authors: Zhao Zhen , Zheng Jianglin , Zhang Yi , Jiang Xiaobing , Nie Chuansheng , Zhao Hongyang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Inflammatory response plays a crucial role in the development and progression of gliomas. However, the prognostic value of inflammatory response-related genes has never been comprehensively investigated for glioma. In this study, we identified 39 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between glioma and normal brain tissue samples, of which 31 inflammatory response-related genes are related to the prognosis of glioma., The 8 optimal inflammatory response-related genes were selected to construct prognostic inflammatory response-related gene signature (IRGS) through the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) penalized Cox regression analysis. The effectiveness of the IRGS was verified in the training (TCGA) and validation (CGGA-693 CGGA-325 and Rembrandt) cohorts. The Kaplan-Meier curve revealed a significant difference in the OS between the high- and low-risk groups. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) shows the powerful predictive ability of IRGS. Meanwhile, a nomogram with better accuracy was established to predict overall survival (OS) based on the independent prognostic factors (IRGS, age, WHO grade, and 1p19q codeletion). In addition, patients in the high-risk group had higher immune, stroma, and ESTIMATE scores, lower tumor purity, higher infiltration of immunosuppressive cells, higher expression of immune checkpoints, higher expression of TIDE and Exclusion, and lower expression of MSI Expe Sig. Thus, the patients in the low-risk group had significantly higher respond rate of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). A novel prognostic signature incorporated 8 inflammatory response-related genes was associated with the prognosis, immune landscape and the immunotherapy response in patients with gliomas. Thus, the signature can be suitable for future clinical application to predict the prognosis of patients with glioma.
DFT Study On Reaction Mechanism of Di-tert-butyl Phenol to Di-tert-butyl Hydroxybenzoic Acid
Authors: Jin Nengzhi , Zhang Qi-Bin , Liu Rong , Zhou Pan-Pan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Experimental studies on the Kolbe-Schmitt reaction and its side reactions have made great progresses, however the relative theoretical studies fall behind. In order to study the mechanism of Kolbe-Schmitt reaction with 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol as reactants, we carried out theoretical calculation studies at M06-2X/Def2-SVP/SMD level of theory using Gaussian 09 D.01 software package. For the reactant 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, the main product and side product can convert to each other due to the dynamic equilibrium. However for 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, the main product is thermodynamically favorable due to its lower Gibbs free energy, while the side product is kinetically favorable due to the lower activation energy barrier. We hope the study can shed light on Kolbe-Schmitt reaction.
Combat Lesion in Triceratops: Histological and Chemical Diagnosis
Authors: D'Anastasio Ruggero , Cilli Jacopo , Bacchia Flavio , Fanti Federico , Gobbo Giacomo , Capasso Luigi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the collective imagination derived from scientific and popular literature, Triceratops often faced each other in combat. Thus, from the second half of the twentieth century, these ceratopsids were described as pugnacious animals. This arises primarily from the interpretation of extracranial fenestrae in ceratopsids being the result of combat trauma. However, the diagnosis of the traumatic nature of these anatomical variants of their neck frill requires evidence of bone healing and remodelling by microscopy analysis. Here, we present the case of the Triceratops horridus known as Big John, which is one of the largest specimens discovered in the Hell Creek Formation (Upper Cretaceous; MT, USA). Its right squamosal bone shows an extrafenestra with irregular margins and signs of inflammation. Microscopy analysis revealed newly formed and healing bone, with histological signs typical of the bone remodelling phase. Chemical analysis revealed sulphur that was derived from glucosaminoglycans and sulphated glycoproteins of the preosseous osteoid substance present in the healing phases of a bone trauma. Histological and microanalytical analyses confirm that the squamosal fenestra of Big John is the result of a traumatic event, which might indeed have occurred during combat with another Triceratops.
Nitrophenyl-group-containing Heterocycles. Part I. Synthesis, Characterization, Anticancer Activity and Antioxidant Properties of Some New 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinolines Bearing 3(4)-nitrophenyl Group
Authors: Sayed Eman M. , Hassanien Reda , Farhan Nasser , Aly Hanan F. , Mahamoud Khaled , Bakhite Etify A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Regioselective cyclocondensation of 2,4-diacetyl-5-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-(3-nitrophenyl/4-nitrophenyl)cyclohexanones 1a,b with cyanothioacetamide fforded the corresponiing 7-acetyl-4-cyano-1,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxy-8-(3-nitrophenyl/4-nitrophenyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-soquinoline-3(2H)-thiones 2a,b in 93-96%. Reaction of compounds 2a,b ethyl iodide, 2-chloroacetamide or N-(naphthalen-1-yl)-2-chloroacetamide (5) in the presence of sodium acetate gave the corresponding p(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinolin-3-yl)thio derivatives 3a,b, 4a,b and 6a,b. In a similar manner, reaction of a,b with other N-aryl-2-chloroacetamides 7a-d gave 2-[(7-acetyl-4-cyano-1,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxy-8-(3-nitrophenyl/4-nitrophenyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinolin-3-yl)thio]-N-arylacetamides (8a-g). On heating of compounds 8a-e in ethanol containing anhydrous sodium carbonate, they converted into 7-acetyl-1-amino-N-aryl-5,8-dimethyl-8-hydroxy-6-(3-nitrophenyl/4-nitrophenyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]isoquinoline-2-carboxamides 9a-e. Structural formulae of all synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Also, the applications of most synthesized isoquinolines as anticancer and as antioxidant agents have been carried out and the obtained results are reported herein.
Early Detection of the Wood-boring Insect Semanotus Bifasciatus Using Acoustic Detection Technology
Authors: jiang qi , Liu Yujie , Ren Lili , Sun Yu , Luo Youqing 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Semanotus bifasciatus Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is one of the most destructive wood-boring pests of Platycladus trees in East Asia, threatening the protection of ancient cypress species and urban ecological safety. Acoustic detection technology has the advantages of high sensitivity, single wood diagnosis and anti-interference, which can be useful for early identification of cryptic wood boring damage. However, there has been limited research on detection time window and acoustics features that suitable for early detection of forest wood borers. METHODS: In this study, we carried out a manipulated insect infestation experiment by inoculating S. bifasciatus into fresh logs, and the feeding sound signals of S. bifasciatus larvae were recorded in timeseries. Then, nine feature variables were selected to characterize the sounds of larval feeding activity. The best time window for acoustic detection during a single day and the whole larval growth stage was determined. And the optimal models for predicting larval instar and population were established using the stepwise regression (SR) and partial least squares regression (PLSR) approach.RESULTS: (1) The single pulse duration of S. bifasciatus was less than 15 ms, and the peak frequency was approximately 8 kHz; (2) Within a 24-hour day, the feeding sound signals were strongest during 13:00 and 20:00; (3) The feeding activity of larvae was greatest during the 1st to the 3rd instar, declined from the 4th instar, and was lowest at the 5th instar; (4) Weak correlations were found between larval instar and feature variables, r ranging from 0.3 to 0.6. By contrast, the larval population has a strong linear correlation with all variables (r>0.7). Except for Average pulse duration and Peak frequency, there indicated high or severe multicollinearity among other variables (the variance inflation factor, VIF >10); (5) The SR model was optimal for predicting larval instar; its prediction accuracy was R2 = 0.71, RMSEp = 0.42, and RPD = 3.38. Average entropy, Peak frequency, and Average pulse duration had the largest influence on the model. (6) The optimal model for predicting population was the PLSR model, and its prediction accuracy was R2 = 0.97, RMSEp = 61.96, and RPD = 28.87. Except for Peak Freq, the other eight variables had a great impact on the model. CONCLUSION: This study highlighted the suitable detection time window and acoustic feature variables for early identification of S. bifasciatus larvae, and optimal models for predicting its larval instar and population were provided. This work will promote further improvements in the efficiency and accuracy of acoustic detection technology for practical applications, providing a reference for evaluating the early damage of wood-boring pest.
Implementing a Comprehensive Value-based Healthcare System to Improve Pregnancy and Childbirth Outcomes in Urban and Rural Kenya.
Authors: Dohmen Peter , De Sanctis Teresa , Waiyaiya Emma , Janssens Wendy , de Wit Tobias F Rinke , Spieker Nicole , Graaf Mark Van der , Raaij Erik M Van 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Maternal and neonatal mortality rates in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are still far above the targets of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3. Value-based healthcare (VBHC) could potentially surpass traditional input-oriented approaches to create a high-quality health system and to improve maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) outcomes. This paper describes the implementation of VBHC in urban and rural Kenya with the aim to significantly improve MNCH outcomes.Methods: We developed a theory of change (ToC) and used an incremental cohort-based implementation approach to create short and long learning cycles along which different components of the VBHC framework were introduced and evaluated. We sought to leverage local resources and used a mobile phone-based platform to support pregnant women and MNCH providers throughout the patient journey, using the system for communication, payment and data collection. We created dashboards and used interviews and focus group discussions to gather feedback and to collect the data to describe the implementation process in this paper.Results: We implemented all elements of VBHC, starting small and expanding cohort by cohort. Short and long learning cycles between cohorts enabled implementation of the framework in a relatively short time frame. Data on outputs and outcomes show that the VBHC framework had impact on three levels: Mothers’ improved adherence to maternal healthcare, incentivizing providers to improve quality of care, and transparency of outcomes and costs. This paper describes the implementation process and while the evaluation of health outcomes is ongoing, first results show improved adherence to evidence-based care pathways at a low cost per enrolled person.Conclusion: This study has shown that implementation of the VBHC framework in an LMIC setting is possible with some adaptations to the local context. The incremental, cohort-based approach enabled an iterative learning process, which could support the restructuring of health systems in low resource settings going from a supply-driven model to a value-driven model.Trial registration: Not applicable
Spatial Distribution and Pollution Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soils in the Jiefangzha Irrigation Area of the Hetao Irrigation District, China
Authors: Zhang Qi , Miao Qingfeng , Lu Junping , Yuan Linfeng , Pei Guoxia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
To explore the characteristics of heavy metal pollution in farmland soils in the Jiefangzha Irrigation Area of the Hetao Irrigation District, Inner Mongolia, 60 samples of the surface soil (0–20 cm) of the irrigation area were collected to detect and analyze the content of the typical heavy metal elements Cu, As, and Pb in the soil. The methods utilized included the single factor index method, the Nemerow index method, the geological accumulation index method, and the potential ecological hazard index method to evaluate their pollution and ecological risks, and these were combined with geostatistical methods using GIS technology to quantitatively analyze their spatial distribution characteristics. The results showed that the average content of Cu, As, and Pb did not exceed the background values in the Hetao Irrigation Area, and the contents showed a moderate variation, with the order of variation as As>Cu>Pb. The multivariate statistical analysis results showed that the three elements, Cu, As, and Pb, had similar sources, being primarily the use of agrochemicals, such as fertilizers and pesticides. The semi-variance function model fitting results showed that Pb was a spherical model, and Cu and As were Gaussian models. The Kriging interpolation showed that the contents of As, Pb, and Cu, in general, showed a trend that was higher in the northwest and lower in the southeast, with a change of gradient increasing from the southeast to the northwest. Human activities were the primary factors that were causing the distribution difference.
Transcriptome Analysis of Spleen in Chickens Administered β-glucan Derived From Yeast Cell Wall
Authors: Cao Liting , Zhang Jianrong , Qu Yiwen , Li Weihao , Ma Yue , Liu Juan , Xu Wei , Bi Shicheng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Our previous study shown that oral administration of a product contained yeast cell wall polysaccharides enhanced immune responses elicited by Newcastle disease virus and changed microbial community of cecum in chickens.Results: The present study was design to investigate the potential molecular mechanism in relation to the immunomodulation of β-glucan in chickens. Using RNA-sequence (RNA-seq) technique, we identified 198 DEGs in spleen in chickens after oral administration of β-glucan. In addition, these DEGs were significantly enriched in 205 GO terms and 7 KEGG pathways. Conclusions: β-glucan might regulate chicken immune system by regulating expression of genes involved in cognition, cytokines, binding, enzyme activities and multiple signaling pathway.
Complementary feeding hygiene practice and associated factors among mothers with children aged 6–24 months in tegedie district, Northwest Ethiopia: Community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Teshome Habtam ayenew , Yallew Walelegn Worku , Azanaw Jember , Tadege Gardew ayanew , zeleke Agerie Mengistie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
IntroductionThe hygienic practices of mothers during complementary feeding are crucial in the protection of vulnerable infants and children aged 6–24 months from childhood communicable diseases like diarrhea and malnutrition. However, sufficient evidence on the hygienic practices of mothers during complementary feeding and their associated factors is limited.ObjectiveTo determine the levels of complementary feeding hygiene practice and its associated factors among mothers of children aged 6–24 months in the Tegedie district, northwest Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 17 to April 17, 2021, among 576 mothers with children aged 6–24 months in the Tegedie district, northwest Ethiopia. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered by an interviewer and entered into Epi-data version 4.6 before being exported to SPSS version 20.0 for data cleaning and further analysis. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were employed to identify predictors of complementary feeding hygiene practice with p-value < 0.25 that entered into the multivariable logistic regression model. Then variables with a p-value of 0.05 in multivariable logistic regressions were considered statistically significant.ResultsThe prevalence of hygienic practice during complementary feeding of their children aged 6–24 months was 33.6%, with 95% CI 29.7–37.6%) of them had good practice. Living in an urban area [AOR=7.02, 95% CI: (4.14, 11.88)], the presence of a handwashing facility near the latrine [AOR = 3.02, 95% CI: (1.18, 7.70)], the presence of a separate area to store raw and cooked foods [AOR = 5.87, 95% CI: (2.84, 12.13)], and the presence of a three-compartment dish washing system [AOR = 5.70,Conclusion and recommendationThe prevalence of good hygienic practices during complementary feeding among mothers is still low; the district health office and health extension workers should work to improve maternal hygienic practices during complementary feeding.
Delayed Administration of Nafamostat Mesylate Inhibits Thrombin-Mediated Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier Breakdown During Acute Spinal Cord Injury in Rats
Authors: Zhao Chenxi , Zhou Tiangang , Zhao Xiaoqing , Pang Yilin , Li Wenxiang , Fan Baoyou , Li Ming , Liu Xinjie , Ma Lei , Zhang Jiawei , Sun Chao , Shen Wenyuan , Kong Xiaohong , Yao Xue , Feng Shiqing 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Nafamostat mesylate (NM), an FDA-approved serine protease inhibitor, exerts anti-neuroinflammation and neuroprotective effect on rat spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the time window for NM administration after SCI as well as its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Methods: A series of different first administration time points of NM was tested on rat contusive SCI model. The optimal time window of NM was screened by evaluating hindlimb locomotion and electrophysiology. We performed western blot and immunofluorescence to evaluate the drug target thrombin as well as its downstream Protease activated receptor 1 (PAR-1), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9). Enzyme activity assay was used to test thrombin activity. The permeability of blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) was assessed by Evans Blue leakage. The infiltration of peripheral inflammatory cell was observed by immunofluorescence.Results: The optimal administration time window of NM was 2-12 h. The thrombin specific inhibitor, Argatroban, had similar pattern. The temporal expression pattern of thrombin peaked at 12 hours and returned to normal level at 7 days post SCI. PAR-1, the thrombin receptor, was observed a significant upregulation after SCI. MMP9, downstream of PAR-1, was also increased along with thrombin and PAR1. The most significant increase of thrombin expression was detected in vascular endothelial cells (ECs). NM significantly downregulated the thrombin and MMP9 expression as well as thrombin activity in the spinal cord, especially in ECs. NM administration at 2-12 h after SCI could inhibit the leakage of Evans blue in the epicenter and upregulate tight junction proteins (TJPs) expression. 8 h administration of NM effectively inhibited the infiltration of peripheral macrophages in the acute SCI. Conclusions: Our study provided preclinical data of NM administration time window in SCI model, which is clinically relevant in the acute SCI. We elucidated the protective mechanism of NM through BSCB protection and anti-neuroinflammation via thrombin intervention.
Higher Proportions of a Healthy Gastric Mucosa in Healthy Japanese Adults with Later Birth Year: Analysis of 41,957 Participants
Authors: SAITO Yoko , KIKUCHI Shogo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose: In Japan, most gastric cancers are associated with gastric mucosal atrophy caused by chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). To recognize the condition of the gastric mucosa and to determe the infection status of H. pylori are important for predicting the individual risk of gastric cancer. The present study aimed to determine the proportion of Japanese adults with a healthy gastric mucosa (without H. pylori infection) among 12 birth-year groups encompassing 1935 to 1990.Methods: The gastric mucosa was classified as healthy or having gastritis based on routine double-contrast upper gastrointestinal barium X-ray radiopgraphy examination (UGI-XR). The participants were 41,957 healthy Japanese adults. Serum or urine H. pylori antibody levels were also assessed.Results: In total, 25,424 participants had a healthy mucosa without a history of H. pylori eradication. The proportions of participants with a healthy mucosa by birth year were 19.8% (57/288), 27.1% (306/1,128), 32.4% (569/1,756), 37.6% (1,808/4,811), 49.2% (3,207/6,522), 60.1% (3,966/6,550), 71.2% (5,224/7,342), 77.2% (5,114/6,624), 80.6% (3,342/4,149), 85.0% (1,404/1,652), 85.3% (302/354), and 94.7% (125/132) in 1935, 1940, 1945, 1950, 1955, 1960, 1965, 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, and after 1990, respectively (p for trend < 0.01). All participants with a healthy mucosa showed negative results in H. pylori antibody tests.Conclusion: The proportion of participants with a normal gastric mucosa increased linearly with birth years. Prevalence of a morphologically healthy gastric mucosa may have been increasing, in parallel with prevalence of H. pylori infection has been decreasing.
Enhanced Anti-Cancer Potency Using A Combination of Oleanolic Acid and Maslinic Acid to Control Treatment Resistance in Breast Cancer.
Authors: Avci Cıgır Biray , Sogutlu Fatma , Ozates Neslihan Pinar , Shademan Behrouz , Gunduz Cumhur 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of Rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) pathway is a complex intracellular metabolic pathway leading to cell growth, and tumor proliferation plays an essential role in drug resistance in breast cancer. Therefore, in the present study, the anti-cancer effects of oleanolic acid (OA) and maslinic acid (MA) were investigated to improve the performance of the treatment strategy. We investigated the effect of OA and MA on cell viability using the WST-1 method. The synergistic effect of the combination was analyzed by isobologram analysis. In addition, the effects of the two compounds, individually and in combination, on apoptosis, autophagy, and the cell cycle were investigated in MCF7 cells. In addition, changes in the expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle and metabolism were determined by quantitative RT-PCR. MA, OA, and a combination of both caused G0/G1 arrest. Apoptosis also increased in all treated groups. The autophagosomal LC3-II formation was induced 1.74-fold in the MA-treated group and 3.25-fold in the MA-OA-treated group. The combination treatment resulted in increased expression of genes such as GSK3B, PTEN, CDKN1B and FOXO3 and decreased expression of IGF1, PRKCB and AKT3 genes. The results showed that the combination of these two substances showed the highest synergistic effect at the lowest dose and using MA-OA caused cancer cells to undergo apoptosis. The use of combination drugs may reduce the resistance of cancer cells to treatment. However, further studies are needed to clarify cases.