bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alcohol, smoking, recreational drug use and association with virological outcomes among people living with HIV: cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses
Authors: Jones Timothy P. W. , Lampe Fiona C. , Arenas‐Pinto Alejandro , Smith Colette , McDonnell Jeff , Haddow Lewis , Johnson Margaret , Yousef Elaney , Lascar Monica , Maria Geretti Anna , Sherr Lorraine , Collins Simon , Phillips Andrew N. , Rodger Alison J. ,   the ASTRA Study Group
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesThere is increasing evidence to suggest that people living with HIV (PLWH) have significant morbidity from alcohol, recreational drug use and cigarette smoking. Our aim was to report associations of these factors with antiretroviral therapy (ART) non‐adherence, viral non‐suppression and subsequent viral rebound in PLWH.MethodsThe Antiretroviral Sexual Transmission Risk and Attitudes (ASTRA) study recruited PLWH attending eight outpatient clinics in England between February 2011 and December 2012. Data included self‐reported excessive drinking (estimated consumption of > 20 units of alcohol/week), alcohol dependency (CAGE score ≥ 2 with current alcohol consumption), recreational drug use (including injection drug use in the past 3 months), and smoking status. Among participants established on ART, cross‐sectional associations with ART non‐adherence [missing ≥2 consecutive days of ART on ≥2 occasions in the past three months] and viral‐non suppression [viral load (VL) > 50 copies/mL] were assessed using logistic regression. In participants from one centre, longitudinal associations with subsequent viral rebound (first VL > 200 copies/mL) in those on ART with VL ≤ 50 copies/mL at baseline were assessed using Cox regression during a 7‐year follow‐up.ResultsAmong 3258 PLWH, 2248 (69.0%) were men who have sex with men, 373 (11.4%) were heterosexual men, and 637 (19.6%) were women. A CAGE score ≥ 2 was found in 568 (17.6%) participants, 325 (10.1%) drank > 20 units/week, 1011 (31.5%) currently smoked, 1242 (38.1%) used recreational drugs and 74 (2.3%) reported injection drug use. In each case, prevalence was much more common among men than among women. Among 2459 people on ART who started at least 6 months previously, a CAGE score ≥ 2, drinking > 20 units per week, current smoking, injection and non‐injection drug use were all associated with ART non‐adherence. After adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic factors, CAGE score ≥ 2 [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09–2.13], current smoking (aOR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.10–2.17) and injection drug use (aOR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.00–4.47) were associated with viral non‐suppression. During follow‐up of a subset of 592 people virally suppressed at recruitment, a CAGE score ≥ 2 [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.03–2.74], use of 3 or more non‐injection drugs (aHR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.12–3.57) and injection drug use (aHR = 2.73, 95% CI: 1.08–6.89) were associated with viral rebound.ConclusionsScreening and treatment for alcohol, cigarette and drug use should be integrated into HIV outpatient clinics, while clinicians should be alert to the potential for poorer virological outcomes.
Excluded by crisis management? Legislative hyperactivity in post‐2015 Germany
Authors: Hruschka Constantin , Rohmann Tim 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article examines the legislative measures taken by Germany since 2014 to manage the “refugee crisis” and analyses the potential effects on the rights and the well‐being of asylum seekers and persons with protection needs at large. By taking a closer look at the reasoning given in the respective legislative documents we will show the link between the recent changes in the national asylum and migration law and the underlying migration management framework. The article concludes that Germany has seen a shift from a management to a securitization approach, the latter entailing a special emphasis on deportation (“return turn”) rather than focusing on accommodation and integration of those seeking protection. Acting in a mere “crisis mode”, the German legislator has implemented an exclusion paradigm that incrementally substituted the prior inclusive policies over time.
Numerical simulation of heat and mass transfer during heating and cooling parts of canned‐green‐olive pasteurization
Authors: Jahanbakhshian Nafiseh , Hamdami Nasser 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSimultaneous modeling of heat and mass transfer was applied in a cylindrical geometry through computational fluid dynamic (CFD). Two‐dimensional equations of mass, momentum and energy conservation were solved using finite elements method. The meshes were 7,882 triangular elements where 1,056 of them were in boundaries. The simulation was solved for a metal can filled with olives (Conservolea CV) and a 6% acid‐brine. Constant thermophysical properties of fluid remained static over the processing period except for the viscosity (temperature dependent) and density (in buoyancy term). The comparison criteria, between the predicted and experimental figures, using to evaluate goodness of fit, namely the coefficient of correlation (r = .9933) and the root mean square error (RMSE = 3.6555) indicated that the model was valid. The warm‐low‐density fluid ascended through a thin boundary layer and exchanging the heat, at the top of the can, where it flowed downward through the pores between the olives. This natural convection displaced the Slowest Heating Zone (SHZ) towards the bottom of the can, and eventually stayed in a region that was about 10 ± 15% of the can height from the bottom. The inactivation time for the most‐heat‐resistant fungus (Monascus rubber) during the thermal processing of green olives at 100°C was 600 s based on SHZ. A comparison between heat transfer by conduction and conduction–convection showed that the rate of heat transfer in conduction–convection was much more than conduction, also the SHZ in conduction was displaced towards the top of the can.Practical ApplicationsComsol Multiphysic, was used in this research in order to predict temperature profile in olive pasteurized in a metal can so that the accurate location of cold point was evaluated and the process time can then be controlled to reduce overheating and nutritional reduction or under heating and safety problems. As the model was validated, all the model results would be accurate to use so that velocity pattern of the fluid was extracted and different assumptions of heat conduction also were considered. The importance of pasteurization in different industries and the significance of reducing energy consumption, reveal our research importance because the calculated‐process time was much lower than what is currently used in industry.
Cost‐effectiveness of telephone cognitive behavioral therapy for osteoarthritis‐related insomnia
Authors: Yeung Kai , Zhu Weiwei , McCurry Susan M. , Von Korff Michael , Wellman Robert , Morin Charles M. , Vitiello Michael V. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundOsteoarthritis‐related insomnia is the most common form of comorbid insomnia among older Americans. A randomized clinical trial found that six sessions of telephone‐delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT‐I) improved sleep outcomes in this population. Using these data, we evaluated the incremental cost‐effectiveness of CBT‐I from a healthcare sector perspective.MethodsThe study was based on 325 community‐dwelling older adults with insomnia and osteoarthritis pain enrolled with Kaiser Permanente of Washington State.We measured quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) using the EuroQol 5‐dimension scale. Arthritis‐specific quality of life was measured using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Insomnia‐specific quality of life was measured using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and nights without clinical insomnia (i.e., “insomnia‐free nights”). Total healthcare costs included intervention and healthcare utilization costs.ResultsOver the 12 months after randomization, CBT‐I improved ISI and WOMAC by −2.6 points (95% CI: −2.9 to −2.4) and −2.6 points (95% CI: −3.4 to −1.8), respectively. The ISI improvement translated into 89 additional insomnia‐free nights (95% CI: 79 to 98) over the 12 months. CBT‐I did not significantly reduce total healthcare costs (−$1072 [95% CI: −$1968 to $92]). Improvements in condition‐specific measures were not reflected in QALYs gained (−0.01 [95% CI: −0.01 to 0.01]); at a willingness‐to‐pay of $150,000 per QALY, CBT‐I resulted in a positive net monetary benefit of $369 with substantial uncertainty (95% CI: −$1737 to $2270).ConclusionCBT‐I improved sleep and arthritis function without increasing costs. These findings support the consideration of telephone CBT‐I for treating insomnia among older adults with comorbid OA. Our findings also suggest potential limitations of the general quality of life measures in assessing interventions designed to improve sleep and arthritis outcomes.
A chloride efflux transporter, BIG RICE GRAIN 1, is involved in mediating grain size and salt tolerance in rice
Authors: Ren Zhijie , Bai Fenglin , Xu Jingwen , Wang Li , Wang Xiaohan , Zhang Qian , Feng Changxin , Niu Qi , Zhang Liying , Song Jiali , Bao Fang , Liu Liangyu , He Yikun , Ma Ligeng , Tian Wang , Hou Congcong , Li Legong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGrain size is determined by the size and number of cells in the grain. The regulation of grain size is crucial for improving crop yield; however, the genes and molecular mechanisms that control grain size remain elusive. Here, we report that a member of the detoxification efflux carrier /Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion (DTX/MATE) family transporters, BIG RICE GRAIN 1 (BIRG1), negatively influences grain size in rice (Oryza sativa L.). BIRG1 is highly expressed in reproductive organs and roots. In birg1 grain, the outer parenchyma layer cells of spikelet hulls are larger than in wild‐type (WT) grains, but the cell number is unaltered. When expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, BIRG1 exhibits chloride efflux activity. Consistent with this role of BIRG1, the birg1 mutant shows reduced tolerance to salt stress at a toxic chloride level. Moreover, grains from birg1 plants contain a higher level of chloride than those of WT plants when grown under normal paddy field conditions, and the roots of birg1 accumulate more chloride than those of WT under saline conditions. Collectively, the data suggest that BIRG1 in rice functions as a chloride efflux transporter that is involved in mediating grain size and salt tolerance by controlling chloride homeostasis.
“Every time the phone rings, my heart stops”: Mothers’ emotional responses to having a young adult child with a substance use disorder
Authors: D’Aniello Carissa , Tambling Rachel , Smith Maggie , Jones Ethan , Silva Melissa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhen a young adult develops a substance use disorder (SUD), a parent often assumes a caregiving role, and experiences burdens associated with this off‐time life event (Kaur et al., 2018). Mothers and children reciprocally influence one another's emotional processes, impacting proximal process (Bronfenbrenner & Evans, 2000; Bronfenbrenner & Morris, 1998). The study purpose was to develop a theory of mothers’ experiences of having a young adult child with a SUD. We conducted 14 semi‐structured interviews with mothers who sought support from an online forum for parents of individuals with a SUD. We analyzed responses using Strauss and Corbin's (1990) grounded theory and identified three core categories that focused on participants’ shift from approaching their child from a stance of anxiety and attempts to control their substance use, to anger, and, finally, acceptance of their loved one's autonomy. Findings imply the importance of mothers’ treatment involvement, and specialized services for mothers.
The relationship between therapist interventions and couples' emotional injury resolution in emotion focused couples therapy
Authors: Kula Ofra , Machluf Reut , Bar‐Kalifa Eran , Shahar Ben 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe primary purported change process in emotion‐focused couples therapy (EFT‐C) occurs as therapists assist one partner to access and reveal vulnerable emotions and needs and promotes a subsequent compassionate responding from the other partner. This study aimed to examine the association between therapists' views regarding their interventions during a given session and the degree to which partners reported the session as helpful in resolving their unfinished business. Data from 22 couples who took part in the York Emotional Injury Project and received 10–12 EFT‐C sessions were analyzed using multilevel models. The primary findings revealed that when therapists reported using interventions that promoted acceptance of feelings and needs in a given session, both partners reported higher resolution levels in relation to their partner. Our results suggest that interventions that facilitate responsiveness between partners are particularly important in EFT‐C, and perhaps in couples therapy in general.
Attachment anxiety and avoidance predict postnatal partner support through impaired affective communication
Authors: Calkins Frances C. , Brock Rebecca L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to investigate perceived difficulties in affective communication as a key mechanism linking attachment anxiety and avoidance during pregnancy to the quality of postpartum support received by partners.BackgroundDuring the postpartum period, partner support has the potential to promote family well‐being by mitigating stress related to changes experienced during this transition. Attachment security is one of the most robust predictors of intimate relationship processes and impacts partner communication and support dynamics.MethodHeterosexual couples (N = 159) completed surveys and semi‐structured interviews to obtain measures of attachment security, perceived difficulties in affective communication, and quality of partner support quality during pregnancy. At 6 months postpartum, partners completed interviews to assess the quality of partner support received since childbirth.ResultsGreater attachment anxiety and avoidance predicted greater impairments in affective communication for men and women. Paternal difficulties with affective communication predicted the quality of support received by both mothers and fathers during the 6 months following childbirth controlling for prenatal support. The effects of attachment anxiety and avoidance on postpartum support were mediated by paternal perceptions of poor affective communication.ConclusionFindings demonstrate the utility of attachment theory for understanding adaptive and maladaptive prenatal couple dynamics and examining both parents in research on heterosexual couples navigating the pregnancy‐postpartum transition. Results identify deficits in prenatal affective communication as a key factor explaining the link between attachment insecurity and postpartum partner support, warranting closer attention in interventions.
Ethylene‐induced NbMYB4L is involved in resistance against tobacco mosaic virus in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Zhu Tong , Zhou Xue , Zhang Jian‐Long , Zhang Wei‐Hao , Zhang Li‐Pei , You Chun‐Xiang , Jameson Paula E. , Ma Peng‐Tao , Guo Shan‐Li 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSeveral MYB transcription factors are known to play important roles in plant resistance to environmental stressors. However, the mechanism governing the involvement of MYBs in regulating tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) resistance in plants is still unclear. In this study, we found that not only is Nicotiana benthamiana MYB4‐like involved in defence against TMV, but also that the ethylene pathway participates in MYB4L‐mediated resistance. Transcription of NbMYB4L was up‐regulated in N. benthamiana infected with TMV. Silencing of NbMYB4L led to intensified TMV replication, whereas overexpression of NbMYB4L induced significant resistance to TMV. Transcription of NbMYB4L was greater in 1‐aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid (ACC, ethylene precursor)‐pretreated plants but lower when the ethylene signalling pathway was blocked during TMV infection. Gene expression analysis showed that the transcription of NbMYB4L was largely suppressed in ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3‐like 1(EIL1)‐silenced plants. The results of electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation‐quantitative PCR (ChIP‐qPCR) experiments indicated that NbEIL1 could directly bind to two specific regions of the NbMYB4L promoter. Furthermore, a luciferase assay revealed that NbEIL1 significantly induced the reporter activity of the MYB4L promoter in N. benthamiana. These results point to NbEIL1 functioning as a positive regulator of NbMYB4L transcription in N. benthamiana against TMV. Collectively, our work reveals that EIL1 and MYB4L constitute a coherent feed‐forward loop involved in the robust regulation of resistance to TMV in N. benthamiana.
Herbert McCabe on God and Humanity
Authors: Hewitt Simon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOver the eight hundred years of the English Dominican province, few of its members have matched the rigour and depth of thought of Herbert McCabe. This paper presents a brief overview of McCabe's thought, focusing first on his understanding of God and then on his conception of human beings. Like Thomas before him, McCabe thought it vital to think clearly and correctly about both God and humanity, an effort which in the case of God involves recognising the many ways in which we cannot think of God.
The Road to Scottish Dominican Independence 1230–1511
Authors: White Allan James 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn 1221 the General Chapter of the Order of Preachers (Dominican friars) sent out groups of friars to various European countries. The largest group was sent to England where they established their first priory in the University city of Oxford on the Feast of the Assumption, 1221. Within a decade they had spread to Ireland and has established their first houses in Scotland. The Scottish Dominicans remained part of the English province for close on 300 years. The Scottish Wars of Independence forced a reconsideration of that relationship. In 1481 Scotland became an independent province and adopted the Strict Observance initiated by Raymond of Capua (1330-1399). The province flourished for the first sixty years of its existence before being overwhelmed by the Scottish Reformation.
PuC3H35 confers drought tolerance by enhancing lignin and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in the roots of Populus ussuriensis
Authors: Li Dandan , Yang Jingli , Pak Solme , Zeng Minzhen , Sun Jiali , Yu Sen , He Yuting , Li Chenghao 
Published: October 2021

Summary

Since the roots are the very organ where plants first sense and respond drought stress, it is of great importance to better understand root responses to drought. Yet the underlying molecular mechanisms governing root responses to drought stress have been poorly understood.

Here, we identified and functionally characterized a CCCH type transcription factor, PuC3H35, and its targets, anthocyanin reductase (PuANR) and early Arabidopsis aluminum induced1 (PuEARLI1), which are involved in mediating proanthocyanidin (PA) and lignin biosynthesis in response to drought stress in Populus ussuriensis root.

PuC3H35 was root‐specifically induced upon drought stress. Overexpressing PuC3H35 promoted PA and lignin biosynthesis and vascular tissue development, resulting in enhanced tolerance to drought stress by the means of anti‐oxidation and mechanical supporting. We further demonstrated that PuC3H35 directly bound to the promoters of PuANR and PuEARLI1 and overexpressing PuANR or PuEARLI1 increased root PA or lignin levels, respectively, under drought stress.

Taken together, these results revealed a novel regulatory pathway for drought tolerance, in which PuC3H35 mediated PA and lignin biosynthesis by collaboratively regulating ‘PuC3H35‐PuANR‐PA’ and ‘PuC3H35‐PuEARLI1‐PuCCRs‐lignin’ modules in poplar roots.
Decreased access to pediatric liver transplantation during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Kemme Sarah , Yoeli Dor , Sundaram Shikha S. , Adams Megan A. , Feldman Amy G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has affected all aspects of the US healthcare system, including liver transplantation. The objective of this study was to understand national changes to pediatric liver transplantation during COVID‐19.MethodsUsing SRTR data, we compared waitlist additions, removals, and liver transplantations for pre‐COVID‐19 (March‐November 2016–2019), early COVID‐19 (March‐May 2020), and late COVID‐19 (June‐November 2020).ResultsWaitlist additions decreased by 25% during early COVID‐19 (41.3/month vs. 55.4/month, p < .001) with black candidates most affected (p = .04). Children spent longer on the waitlist during early COVID‐19 compared to pre‐COVID‐19 (140 vs. 96 days, p < .001). There was a 38% decrease in liver transplantations during early COVID‐19 (IRR 0.62, 95% CI 0.49–0.78), recovering to pre‐pandemic rates during late COVID‐19 (IRR 1.03, NS), and no change in percentage of living and deceased donors. White children had a 30% decrease in overall liver transplantation but no change in living donor liver transplantation (IRR 0.7, 95% CI 0.50–0.95; IRR 0.96, NS), while non‐white children had a 44% decrease in overall liver transplantation (IRR 0.56, 95% CI 0.40–0.77) and 81% decrease in living donor liver transplantation (IRR 0.19, 95% CI 0.02–0.76).ConclusionsThe COVID‐19 pandemic decreased access to pediatric liver transplantation, particularly in its early stage. There were no regional differences in liver transplantation during COVID‐19 despite the increased national sharing of organs. While pediatric liver transplantation has resumed pre‐pandemic levels, ongoing racial disparities must be addressed.