bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indole-3-Acetic Acid and Humic Acid Increase the Bio-Degradation of Diesel Oil in Soil Polluted with Pb and Cd
Authors: Baghaie Amir Hossein 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Soil remediation is one of the most important fields in environmental studies. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and humic acid (HA) on increasing the bio-degradation of diesel oil in soil polluted with (lead) Pb and cadmium (Cd).
Materials and Methods: Treatments included foliar application of IAA (0 (control) and 30 ppm) and soil application of HA (0 (control) and 200 mg/kg soil) in the soil contaminated with Cd (0 (control), 10 and 15 mg/kg soil), Pb (0 (control) and 1600 mg/kg soil), and diesel oil (0 (control), and 8% (W/W)). The sunflower was planted in all soil samples. The plants were harvested after 70 days and Pb and Cd concentrations of plants were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy.
Results: Foliar application of IAA at the rate of 30 mg/l significantly increased the Cd and Pb phytoremediation by 14.8% and 13.4%, respectively. For HA application, it was increased by 11.3% and 10.2%, respectively. A significant increase was found in degradation percentage of diesel oil in soil by 12.6%, when the soil was treated with 200 mg HA/kg soil.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that application of organic amendments such as IAA or HA can be a suitable way for increasing plant growth and increasing plant phytoremediation efficiency, especially in the soil contaminated with diesel oil. However, the phytoremediation efficiency is dependent on the plant physiology and the type of soil pollution that should be considered.
Functionalization of Synthesized Nanoporous Silica and Its Application in Malachite Green Removal from Contaminated Water
Authors: Hassan-Zadeh Bahman , Rahmanian Reza , Salmani Mohammad Hossein , Salmani Mohammad Javad 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Nanoporous silica has received growing interest for its unique application potential in pollutant removal. Therefore, the development of a simple technique is required to synthesize and functionalize the nanoporous materials for industrial application.
Materials and Methods: The synthesis of nanoporous silica was investigated by the template sol-gel method, and it functionalized as an adsorbent for adsorption of malachite green. The morphology and structure of the prepared and functionalized nanoporous silica were studied using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption technique. Subsequently, the effective parameters such as solution pH, contact time, and initial concentration on the adsorption process were optimized by adsorption tests.
Results: The results showed that high-order nanoporous silica had been produced with an average diameter of 20.12 nm and average pore volume of 1.04 cm3.g−1. It was found that the optimum parameters of pH, initial concentration and contact time for malachite green adsorption on nanoporous silica were 6.5, 10 mg.l-1, and 60 min, respectively. The experimental data confirmed the Freundlich model (R2 = 0.995) and the obtained kinetic data followed the pseudo-first-order equation. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated by Langmuir isotherm was found to be 116.3 mg.g-1.
Conclusion: The high adsorption capacity showed that the acid-functionalized nanoporous silica adsorbent can be used as an adequate adsorbent to remove malachite green from aquatic environments. The large surface area can be suggested that the silica nanoporous will have potential application prospects as the adsorbent.
Carcinogenic and Non-Carcinogenic Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Water Resources of North East of Iran in 2018
Authors: Sadeghi Mahdi , Noroozi Mina 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Contamination of water with heavy metals has turned into a health concern, particularly in the developing countries. In this study, concentration of heavy metals and associated carcinogenic and non- carcinogenic risk was investigated in water samples collected from Gonbad-e Kavus, a high-risk area for cancer.
Materials and Methods: Samples were collected from Gorgan River, Golestan reservoir and wells around villages with high prevalence in 2018. Samples were analysed through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. After determining the concentration of heavy metals in water samples from different sources, health risk assessment was carried out according to the Environmental Protection Agency.
Results: Arsenic in samples 6-9 was higher than 10 µg/L, calcium and magnesium in sample 5 was higher than 200 mg/L and 150 mg/L respectively, and sodium in all samples was higher than 50 mg/L. According to the findings, these concentrations were higher than the maximum allowed limit in most water samples. Hazard quotient (HQ) in samples 8 and 9 were associated with arsenic and health risk in sample 1 was related to antimony. Furthermore, since all samples contained high amounts of lithium, water from this area better should not be consumed by children older than one year.
Conclusion: Given the high rate of arsenic contamination, consumption of water in the study area could be health threatening for all individuals and is not recommended for children. This highlights the need for taking immediate actions to review the water treatment process and ensure safety of the drinking water in this area.
DIASPORIC AND CROSS-CULTURAL IDENTITIES IN PAKISTANI FILM KHUDA KE LIYE (IN THE NAME OF GOD)
Authors: Sibtain Masroor , Javed Asad , Aslam Talha , Iqbal Zafar 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: The study aims to identify the various diasporic identities, hybrid identities, and identity crisis analyses of a Pakistani film, ‘Khuda Kay Liye’ released on July 20, 2007, written, directed, and produced by Shoaib Mansoor.
Method: The present study is qualitative by nature and interpretive by approach. The researchers collected the primary data from the film watching it profoundly. The secondary data was collected from the various relevant articles published in periodicals/journals to build the theoretical argument—analyzing the data utilizing the thematic analysis technique.
Main Findings: This qualitative analysis enlightens more significant issues about diaspora and identities in the focused film. Individuals in the film represent themselves distinctive living in another society, culture, or religion, practicing their native (Pakistani) cultural norms and ideologically. Moreover, as a subordinate ethnic group, specifically Muslim characters in the film, face discrimination and oppression. Through qualitative discussions based on excerpts dealing with socio-cultural behavior, the researchers concluded that diasporic identities constitute the core thematic content of the film.
Application of the Study: The study would be significant for understanding diasporic and hybrid identities. The academic researcher may adopt the theoretical framework of the present research to employ it on the other genres of Pakistani literature to find the diasporic identities and identity crises. The teachers of Pakistani literature would also seek help to understand and teach the concepts analyzed in the research.
The Study’s Originality: The study is contemporary as it employs conceptual, theoretical frameworks to explore the diasporic features in a film.
CARICATURES AND RELIGIO-POLITICAL IDEOLOGY IN PAKISTANI PRINT MEDIA DISCOURSES
Authors: Sajid Muhammad Akber , Khan Muhammad Riaz , Sumaira  , Jamil Muhammad Javaid 
Published: June 2021

Purpose of the study: The research intends to decode semiotic discourses of Pakistani English newspaper daily DAWN from 1st October 2020 to 30th November 2020 to know how to word- picture conjunction works to mirror social reality about two Pakistani religiopolitical parties leaders (Jamait-e Islami & Jamait-ul –ulma Islam, (henceforth JI and JUI)). It also attempts to know how politics is done in the name of religion.

Methodology: The data for the present study was collected from the Pakistani English newspaper Dawn (daily) and analyzed at linguistic and semiotic levels by employing Hodge & Kress's (1997) research model. Besides, Kruger & Casey's (2000) model was operationalized to analyze focus group discussion data at five levels. It was done to validate researchers' semiotic analysis with general perception.
Main Finding: The study finds that highlighting the rhetoric of politics is one of the prominent features of print media semiotic discourses. The heads of religiopolitical parties use different visual and verbal practices to disseminate their political ideologies in the name of religion. The use of word-picture conjunction is a more persuasive technique for ideological investment.
Application of the Study: This study is significant for the researchers interested in media studies to know how ideologically loaded visual and verbal practices employed in print media discourses help disseminate ideology in and behind lessons.
Novelty/Originality of the study: The study is unique because it has critically decoded written and semiotic discourses of the mentioned Pakistani English newspaper related to the PDM anti-government move. It highlights that visual and verbal practices are more persuasive to propagate desired ideology. To the best of researchers' knowledge, this semiotic data has not been researched through this perspective before.
Determinants of Preeclampsia in a Tertiary Hospital in South East Nigeria
Authors: Njelita Ifeoma Anne , Nwachukwu Chinyerem Cynthia , Eyisi Gabriel Ifeanyi , Akabuike Josephat Chukwudi Akabuike , Ezenyeaku Chijioke Amara , Ifeadike Chigozie Ozoemena 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related disorder. Symptoms commonly associated with it include elevated blood pressure, protein in the urine and leg swelling. It is one of the leading causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality especially in limited resource settings. This study was aimed at determining the risk factors for preeclampsia in a tertiary hospital in south east Nigeria.
Methods:
This was a retrospective case-control study carried out at Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University teaching hospital Awka, south east of Nigeria. There were 50 cases with 100 controls. Data was retrieved from hospital case notes of both cases and controls. Tables were used to illustrate the descriptive statistics comparing the cases and controls. Categorical variables were compared using the Chi-square test. To ascertain the determinants of preeclampsia, Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted.
Results:
Maternal age less than 30 years, lower educational status, primigravida, previous history of pregnancy induced hypertension, polyhydramnios, maternal obesity, chronic hypertension, diabetes, and family history of preeclampsia were predictive of preeclampsia (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.50, 9.08, 20.25, 76.47, 5.11, 7.53, 2.73, 10.78, and 3.57 respectively).
Conclusions:
The identified determinants of preeclampsia from this study especially previous history of pregnancy induced hypertension, primigravida, family history of preeclampsia among others should serve as a basis for the screening of antenatal clinic attendees for preeclampsia. This will serve to identify at risk pregnant women, and enhance early diagnosis and intervention to improve feto-maternal outcomes.
Drug Discovery and Treatment of an Emerging Pandemic Infection Covid-19
Authors: MİSHRA Arunesh , MİSHRA Pratibha , DAS Ratnesh 
Published: June 2021

In the last decades, two serious coronaviruses have appeared in humans and animals, SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and MERS-CoV (middle east respiratory syndrome) are also contagious viruses that causes ARDS stands for acute respiratory distress syndrome. SARS-CoV in 2003 and MERS-CoV in 2012 are characterized as a high mortality rate. This novel human respiratory coronaviruses, also known as SARS n-CoV or SARS-CoV-2, are needed to rapidly provide therapeutic options to reduce and prevent the spread of this outbreak. For such infections, there are currently no scientifically approved precautions or anti - viral products authorized.; therefore, effective remedial and preventive strategies have to be developed that can be easily applied to this newly emerging epidemic. In addition to all these, some therapeutic options are also being evaluated that are used for Covid-19, which includes inhibitory virus molecules or molecules that target specific replication and transcription enzymes. Since the drugs remdesivir, lopinavir-ritonavir, favipiravir, camostat mesylate, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine were originate closely stand high successful in controlling infection, Covid-19 looks promising. The research on Covid-19, discuss the efficacy of the several drug and vaccines against Covid-19 and previous outbreaks of SARS and MERS, and provide recommendations for new modes of treatment, assessment, and clinical research on such terrible epidemic. This paper will summarize and discuss the main biological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and the current scenario of emerging Covid-19 infections, as well as explain the current therapeutic medications treating Covid-19, based on the clinical trial data.
Entre o mundo real e virtual: A produção de memes como proposta metodológica para o ensino de Geografia
Authors: Bezerra Marisa , Almeida Rodrigo , Menezes Ícaro , Beserra Fábio 
Published: June 2021

O ensino de Geografia por muito tempo foi caracterizado como decorativo, através de antigas metodologias restritas ao quadro e conhecimentos decorados. Porém, na contemporaneidade, essa ciência apresenta em diversidade metodológica, capacidade de propor e aplicar um ensino interdisciplinar, para uma construção de aprendizagem em sala de aula e em campo. O presente trabalho, realizado durante o projeto Residência Pedagógica, buscou interligar o mundo real e virtual dos alunos de duas Escolas Públicas na cidade de Mossoró, com mediação dos residentes, assim, foi produzido material didático e digital: memes. Os conteúdos que cercam os memes estão atrelados a própria realidade dos bairros da cidade que os alunos residem, Mossoró - RN. Da mesma maneira, características de infraestrutura precárias das próprias escolas. No entanto, as produções dos memes foram sucedidas ainda no período letivo, e em vista disso, os temas infraestrutura, meio ambiente e violência, foram escolhidos a partir dos conteúdos discutidos nos livros didáticos de cada escola. Com isso, incentivando o ensino-aprendizagem, apresentando em cada meme produzido a criatividade e o pensamento crítico de cada aluno. Todo o material digital produzido foi disponibilizado em redes virtuais para que os alunos, professoras e professores de outras escolas tenham acesso e usem o material em sala de aula.
Light Makeup Decreases Receivers’ Negative Emotional Experience
Authors: Zhang Ling , Chen Wenfeng , Liu Menghan , Ou Yuxiao , Xu Erjia , Hu Ping 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Makeup is widely used in modern society and has a positive effect on perceived attractiveness. However, little is known about the other possible outcomes of makeup use. In this study, we investigated whether makeup enhances a receiver’s emotional experience. Dynamic faces with or without makeup are presented in Experiments 1 and 2. Participants were asked to imagine themselves video chatting with a target person (expresser) with different expressions: neutral, angry, sad, or happy, and then to appraise their own subjective emotional experience. Emotional valence, arousal, and willingness to communicate were also assessed in Experiment 2. The results showed that makeup improved perceived facial attractiveness and increased the willingness to communicate. More importantly, it revealed that wearing makeup could weaken receivers’ negative experiences arising from the angry and sad conditions, which is not the case for the non-makeup condition, but could not affect the happy contagion. Furthermore, incremental changes in the amount of makeup were not accompanied by incremental changes in emotional appraisal (valence and arousal). Overall, we found that makeup may affect emotional contagion and interpersonal communication. Whether the alleviated negative experience due to makeup is adaptive may need further discussion.
COVID-Net CXR-S: Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Severity Assessment of COVID-19 Cases from Chest X-ray Images
Authors: Aboutalebi Hossein , Pavlova Maya , Shafiee Mohammad Javad , Sabri Ali , Alaref Amer , Wong Alexander 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The world is still struggling in controlling and containing the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The medical conditions associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections have resulted in a surge in the number of patients at clinics and hospitals, leading to a significantly increased strain on healthcare resources. As such, an important part of managing patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections within the clinical workflow is severity assessment, which is often conducted with the use of chest x-ray (CXR) images. In this work, we introduce COVID-Net CXR-S, a convolutional neural network for predicting the airspace severity of a SARS-CoV-2 positive patient based on a CXR image of the patient's chest. More specifically, we leveraged transfer learning to transfer representational knowledge gained from over 16,000 CXR images from a multinational cohort of over 15,000 patient cases into a custom network architecture for severity assessment. Experimental results with a multi-national patient cohort curated by the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) RICORD initiative showed that the proposed COVID-Net CXR-S has potential to be a powerful tool for computer-aided severity assessment of CXR images of COVID-19 positive patients. Furthermore, radiologist validation on select cases by two board-certified radiologists with over 10 and 19 years of experience, respectively, showed consistency between radiologist interpretation and critical factors leveraged by COVID-Net CXR-S for severity assessment. While not a production-ready solution, the ultimate goal for the open source release of COVID-Net CXR-S is to act as a catalyst for clinical scientists, machine learning researchers, as well as citizen scientists to develop innovative new clinical decision support solutions for helping clinicians around the world manage the continuing pandemic.
Ocular Motor Behavior Monitor in Intermittent Exotropia by Eye Tracker
Authors: Cai Xiaoxiao , Chen Zidong , Liu Yanping , Liu Zitian , Deng Daming , Yu Minbin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Eye movement in intermittent exotropia (IXT) patients is characterized by viability and uncertainty, however, conventional strabismus inspection methods cannot reflect these important qualities. Here, we sought to study the ocular motor behavior of IXT under different viewing conditions by eye tracker.Methods: Sixty-one IXT patients (33 males and 28 females) and 15 age-matched control participants were recruited for this study. An eye tracker equipped with a high-speed camera and MATLAB software was employed to monitor and record eye movement as well as eye position in included subjects with 3D shutter glasses at a normal reading distance (57 cm).Results: By using an eye tracker, our data showed that 90% of the included IXT patients lost their control and showed exotropia in 1.5±2.1s. The average deviation degree measured by the eye tracker was 32.9±11.5△, ranging from 6 to 50△, and reached its maximum deviation degree at 36.9±12.4△, with a mean time of 2±1.5s. Although a significant difference exists in the strabismus quantification between the prism test and the eye tracker, the test results obtained from these two methods were positively correlated. Moreover, by using the eye tracker, the fixation instability of IXT patients could be easily recorded and analyzed. In addition, the included IXT patients were divided into three types according to their ocular motor behavior as monitored by an eye tracker.Conclusion: Eye trackers could not only provide continuous, precise and effective strabismus assessments but also analyze ocular motor behavior over a period of time in IXT patients.
Adaptive Repetition: A Fuzzy Logic based Control Strategy for Active Exploration in 3D-Virtual Learning Environments
Authors: Fayaz Muhammad , Alam Aftab , Khalid Shah , Ali Numan , Mashwani Wali Khan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In past decade, the use of cognitive aids such as textual, visual
and audio in 3D-Virtual Learning Environments is increasing day by day as it guide and facilitate both the students and teachers to perform the task with ease in Virtual Environment. In recent studies, it has been observed that the use of cognitive aids in virtual learning environments reduce mental load on learner but at the same time it also minimizes active exploration which negatively aﬀect their performance in non-supervised environment. Therefore, some researchers have shown negative concern about the use of cognitive aids in 3D-Virtual Learning Environments (3D-VLEs). In this paper, we presents the idea of ”Adaptive Repetition” as control strategy for active exploration in 3D-VLEs. At the beginning of experiment in 3D-VLEs , students is given full support to perform the experiment with help of cognitive aids. Using a fuzzy logic based approach , the amount of aids are minimized whenever the experiment is repeated. The adaptive repetition approach put the students in active learning process and enables them to actively explore the learning environment. Ultimately, the negative eﬀects of using cognitive aids in 3D-VLEs is minimized.
The Spatial Diffusion of COVID -19 in the World: Revisiting Hägerstrand's Study of Diffusion in Geography
Authors: Mohammadihamidi somayyeh , Fürst Christine , Nazmfar Hossein , Ghayehbashi Ahad Rezayan , Anwar Muhammad Mushahid 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Big Lateral Epicondyle Fracture of Humerus with Elbow Dislocation in Teenage and Adult
Authors: Luo Hao , Liu Hongbin , Zhu Yong , Long Haitao , Lin Zhangyuan , Cheng Liang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Fractures of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus are common in the pediatric population, but rare in adults. And the mechanism of big lateral epicondyle fracture of humerus is currently unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to report the treatment and outcomes of a series of big lateral epicondyle fractures of humerus with elbow dislocations, analyze the possible injury mechanisms, and provide clinical guidance for similar cases. Methods In this case-series study, patients with big lateral epicondyle fracture of humerus combined with elbow dislocation from 2009 to 2019 were collected. Retrospective review was conducted to analyze the possible injury mechanisms and to evaluate the treatment and outcomes.Results Four patients were included in this study. The mean age was 21 years (range, 13–32 y). Case1 and case2 were lateral epicondyle fractures with elbow medial dislocations, while case3 and case 4 were lateral epicondyle fractures with anteromedial coronoid facet (AMCF) fractures and elbow posterolateral/posteromedial subluxations respectively. The fractures of the first three cases were fixed with tension band. The lateral epicondyle nonunion fracture of case 4 was removed and the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) was reconstructed. The mean Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS) was 92.5 (range, 85-100).Conclusions Big fracture of lateral epicondyle of humerus with elbow medial dislocation may be caused by varus stress. If an AMCF fracture also occurs, it may be for the varus posteromedial rotary instability (PMRI). For a big lateral epicondyle fracture of humerus, tension band can be used in the acute stage to get a good outcome.Trial registration Reference number:202101024. Trial registration date: January 29th 2021, retrospectively registered.