bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ivermectin for Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19&nbsp;Infection: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Bryant Andrew , Lawrie Theresa A , Dowswell Therese , Fordham Edmund , Mitchell Scott , Hill Sarah , Tham Tony 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Re-purposed medicines may have role in combating the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The antiparasitic medicine ivermectin, which has anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties, has been tested in numerous clinical trials with promising results.Methods We assessed the efficacy of ivermectin treatment and/or prophylaxis among people with, or at high risk of covid-19 infection. We searched bibliographic databases up to February 2021 and two review authors sifted for studies, extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Meta-analyses were conducted and certainty of the evidence was assessed using GRADE approach.Findings Twenty-one RCTs involving 2741 participants met review inclusion. Meta-analysis of 13 trials found ivermectin reduced risk of death compared with no ivermectin (average Risk Ratio 0.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.14 to 0.72; n=1892; I2=57%; low to moderate-certainty evidence. Low-certainty evidence found ivermectin prophylaxis reduced covid-19 infection by an average 86% (95% CI 79% to 91%). Secondary outcomes provided very-low or low certainty evidence. Low certainty evidence suggests that that there may be no benefit with ivermectin for ‘need for mechanical ventilation’, whereas effect estimates for ‘improvement’ and ‘deterioration’ favoured ivermectin use. Severe adverse events were rare and evidence of no difference was assessed as low to very low-certainty. Evidence on other secondary outcomes was very low certainty.Interpretation Low to moderate-certainty evidence suggests reductions in covid-19 deaths and infections may be possible by using ivermectin. Employing ivermectin early on may reduce the number of people progressing to severe disease. The apparent safety and low cost suggest that ivermectin could have an impact on the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic globally.
Temporal Phylogeny and Molecular Characterization of Echovirus 30 Associated With Aseptic Meningitis Outbreaks in China
Authors: Tian Xiaoling , Han Zhenzhi , He Yulong , Sun Qiang , Wang Wenrui , Xu Wenbo , Li Hongying , Zhang Yong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAn outbreak of aseptic meningitis occurred from June to August 2016, in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. MethodsTo determine its epidemiological characteristics, etiologic agent, and possible origin, specimens were collected for virus isolation and identification, followed by molecular epidemiological analysis. ResultsMost cases (63.1%, n = 229) were identified between June 22nd and July 17th, with children aged 6 to 12 years constituting the highest percentage (68.9%, n = 250). All viral isolates from this study belonged to genotype C of echovirus 30 (E-30), which dominated transmission in China. To date, two E-30 transmission lineages have been identified in China, of which Lineage 2 was predominant. We observed fluctuant progress of E-30 genetic diversity, with Lineage 2 contributing to increased genetic diversity after 2002, whereas Lineage 1 was significant for the genetic diversity of E-30 before 2002. ConclusionsWe identified the epidemiological and etiological causes of an aseptic meningitis outbreak in Inner Mongolia in 2016, finding that Lineage 2 played an important role in recent outbreaks. Moreover, we found that Gansu province could play an important role in E-30 spread and might be a possible origin site. Furthermore, Fujian, Shandong, Taiwan, and Zhejiang provinces also demonstrated significant involvement in E-30 evolution and persistence over time in China.
Evaluation of the Prevalence of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers in Khorramadad
Authors: Azadbakht Saleh , Azadbakht Morteza , Azadbakht Salehe 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundGastrointestinal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths and its incidence varies based on geographical, demographic, genetic and clinical factors. In this study, we aim to investigate the frequency of upper gastrointestinal cancers in patients referred to the endoscopy department Shohada Ashayer and Shahid Rahimi Hospital of Khorramabad from 2015-2019.MethodsThis research is a descriptive observational study where patients suspected for gastrointestinal cancer were included. These patients underwent endoscopy where samples from suspected cancer patient were subjected to histopathological analysis for confirmation. Demographic data along with the findings from endoscopy and pathology and details regarding the lesions (type and location) and the causes of lesions were recorded in the checklist for all the patients. ResultsOf 1274 patients, 630 (49/5%) were male and 644 (50/5%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 50 years. The Frequency of stomach cancer was 194 (16.7%) and that of esophageal cancer was 123 (9.7%).The most common type of pathology in esophageal cancer was squamous cell carcinoma with 91 cases (73.9%) and in the stomach were all cases were of adenocarcinoma. The distal part of the esophagus was most affected, 88 cases (72.2%) and cardiac end in the stomach. with 98 cases (50.5%) . The frequency of cancer was significantly higher in men and in patients aged above 60 years, p<0.05, respectively.ConclusionAccording to the results of the study, gastric cancer is the most common upper gastrointestinal cancer in regional population, followed by esophageal cancer.
Cyanophage Distribution Across European Lakes of the Temperate-Humid Continental Climate Zone Assessed Using PCR-based Genetic Markers
Authors: Jaskulska Aleksandra , Šulčius Sigitas , Kokociński Mikołaj , Koreivienė Judita , Nájera Arnoldo Font , Mankiewicz-Boczek Joanna 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Studies of the diversity and distribution of freshwater cyanophages are generally limited to the small geographical areas, in many cases including only one or few lakes. Data from dozens of various lakes distributed at a larger distance are necessary to understand their spatial distribution and sensitivity to biotic and abiotic factors. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the diversity and distribution of cyanophages within the infected cells using marker genes (psbA, nblA, and g91) in 21 Polish and Lithuanian lakes. Physicochemical factors that might be related to them were also analyzed. The results demonstrated that genetic markers representing cyanophages were observed in most lakes studied. The frequently detected gene was psbA with 88% of cyanophage-positive samples, while nblA and g91 were found in approximately 50% of lakes. The DNA sequences analyses for each gene demonstrated low variability between them. Although, the psbA sequences branched within the larger cluster of marine Synechoccocuss counterparts. The principal component analysis allowed to identify significant variation between the lakes that presented high and low cyanobacterial biomass. The lakes with high cyanobacterial biomass were further separated by country and the different diversity of cyanobacteria species, particularly Planktothrix agardhii was dominant in the Polish lakes and Planktolyngbya limnetica in the Lithuanian lakes. The total phosphorous and the presence of cyanophage genes psbA and nblA were the most important factors that allowed differentiation for the Polish lakes, while the pH and the genes g91 and nblA for the Lithuanian lakes.
High Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen in Patients With Haematological Malignancy: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Tetlow Simon , Anandanadesan Rathai , Taheri Leila , Pagkalidou Eirini , De Lavallade Hugues , Metaxa Victoria 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPatients with haematological malignancies (HM) face high rates of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission and mortality. High flow nasal cannula oxygen (HFNCO) is increasingly used to support HM patients in ward settings, but there is limited evidence on the safety and efficacy of HFNCO in this group. MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all HM patients receiving ward-based HFNCO, supervised by a critical care outreach service (CCOS), from January 2014 - January 2019. ResultsWe included 130 consecutive patients. Forty-three (33.1%) were weaned off HFNCO without ICU admission. Eighty-seven (66.9%) were admitted to ICU, 20 (23.3%) required non-invasive and 34 (39.5%) invasive mechanical ventilation. ICU and hospital mortality were 42% and 55% respectively. Initial FiO2 <0.4 (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.09-0.81, p=0.019) and HFNCO use on the ward >1 day (OR 0.16, 95% CI 0.04, 0.59, p=0.006) were associated with reduced likelihood for ICU admission. Invasive ventilation was associated with reduced survival (OR 0.27, 95%CI 0.1-0.7, p=0.007). No significant adverse events were reported.ConclusionHM patients receiving ward-based HFNCO have higher rates of ICU admission, but comparable hospital mortality to those requiring CCOS review without respiratory support. Results should be interpreted cautiously, as the model proposed depends on the existence of CCOS.
Long-term Outcome of Incidental Cystic Liver Tumors in the General Population
Authors: Blum Sophia Freya Ulrike , Ittermann Till , Kromrey Marie-Luise , Dreyer Corinna , Seppelt Danilo , Hoffmann Ralf-Thorsten , Völzke Henry , Kühn Jens-Peter 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aim of this study was to investigate frequency, incidence and risk factors of liver cysts in the general population in a longitudinal survey. Cyst frequency was investigated in 607 adult volunteers (288 women, 319 men, mean age 55 years) using strong T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Risk factors were investigated for occurrence, frequency and size of cystic lesions at baseline. Incidence and physiological growing of the lesions were observed in a 5-years follow-up. At baseline, 431 volunteers had 1,479 cysts (71.0%). The mean number of cysts per person was 3.4 ± 9.0. The mean size of cysts was 13.1 ± 11.7 mm. Women had a higher number of cysts than men (p = 0.026). Older and male volunteers demonstrated a higher cyst frequency (p = 0.002 and p = 0.025). Per one-year increase in age the chance for a liver cyst increased by 2%. Four-hundred seventeen volunteers had cysts in the follow-up, in 24.6% new lesions had occurred. Lesion size significantly increased in follow-up (p < 0.001). Age and male sex were associated with the occurrence of at least one liver cyst. Women had a higher average number of cysts. Cystic lesion progression is a physiological phenomenon in the long-term follow-up.
Association of Microglia/macrophage Polarization With Perihematomal Edema and Clinical Outcome in Patients With Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Shen Xue-Ming , Han Xiu-Peng , Xu Hong-Qi , Tang Yan-Jun , Han Song , Yan Chang-Xiang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Perihematomal edema (PHE) is a marker of secondary injury in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Microglial and macrophage activation, or their polarization could lead to a pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory response in stroke. However, little is known about the association between inflammatory cells and ICH. Thus, we characterized the inflammatory cell response, and assessed its association with parameters such as hematoma, PHE volume, and clinical outcome in patients with acute ICH.Methods: Fifty-two patients with acute ICH were retrospectively enrolled in our study. All patients underwent surgery, and brain tissue from the PHE was acquired. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to evaluate microglia (CD11b+/TMEM119+), macrophages (CD11b+/TMEM119-), and the M1 (MHC+/CD11b+) and M2 (CD206+/CD11b+) phenotypes. The relative PHE (r-PHE) was the main marker for assessing PHE volume. The Wilcoxon test and Spearman correlation analysis were the main statistical analysis methods used.Results: Microglia/macrophages, and their phenotypes were detected within 6 hours after stroke. Microglia and the M2 phenotype were negatively correlated with r-PHE, while macrophages and the M1 phenotype were positively correlated with r-PHE; however, these parameters were not associated with age, sex, or location. There was a positive correlation between the microglia and M2-phenotype levels (r = 0.443, p = 0.001) and between the macrophage and M1-phenotype levels (r = 0.458, p <0.001). Microglia (r = -0.295, p = 0.033) and M2-phenotype (r = -0.384, p = 0.005) levels were negatively correlated with the National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) after treatment.Finally, using lasso Poisson regression models, we developed a score for predicting the NIHSS score after treatment. Decision curve analysis showed notable net benefits of this score.Conclusion: Microglial and macrophage activation, and their polarization were significantly associated with r-PHE and clinical outcomes in ICH, and could provide therapeutic insights for PHE management after hemorrhagic stroke.
Determination Of Trometamol Content In Gadobutrol Solution For Intravenous Administration, 1 mmol / mL Using RP-LC With Refractive Index Detector
Authors: Najana Sanni Babu , Bollikolla Hari Babu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Extremely responsive technique designed for the willpower of trometamol for instance tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane in gadobutrol by RP-LC technique. Quantification of trometamol content in gadobutrol samples by HPLC with refractive index detector (RID). Trometamol was UV inactive compound.Methods: Trometamol was determined by RP-LC method using Inertsil NH2 (250x4.6mm, 5µm) column as motionless segment. Column temperature maintained 30°C, inoculation quantity 10µL, flow velocity was 0.3 ml/min, sample cooler temperature 25°C. The mixture of phosphate buffer and cyanomethane in the ratio of 990:10 (volume/volume) was utilized as movable segment. The retention time of trometamol determined 10.95 minutes respectively. The acceptance limit of the trometamol content is 0.9%-1.5%.ConclusionThe proposed RP-LC technique that can determination of trometamol content in gadobutrol solution intravenous administration contain expanded as well as authenticated as per ICH guidelines. The efficiency of the technique was ensure by the specificity, exactitude and accuracy. Hence, the technique well suit for their intended purposes and can be productively useful for the release testing of gadobutrol injection keen on the souk.
Dynamic alteration in the gut microbiota and metabolome during the pregnancy
Authors: Xie Peifeng , Hu Chengjun , He Qinghua , Zhu Qian , Kong Xiangfeng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Gut microbiota and their metabolites were associated with obesity. Our previous study showed that maternal body fat percentage increased from days 45 to 110 of gestation in a Huanjiang mini-pig model. Thus, 16S rRNA sequencing and metabonomic techniques were used to investigate the changes of maternal gut microbiota composition and microbial metabolite profile from days 45 to 110 of gestation.
Results

The abundances of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Romboutsia, Turicibacter, and Streptococcus in jejunum contents were higher in day 110 than those in day 45 or 75 of gestation. In ileum, the abundance of Streptococcus was the highest (P < 0.05) at day 110 of gestation, as well as the metabolism function of jejunal and ileal microbiota. The ileal butyrate and acetate concentrations were the highest at day 45 and day 110 of gestation, respectively. In colon, the concentrations of cadaverine and spermine were the highest (P < 0.05) at days 45 and 110 of gestation, respectively. Metabonomic analysis demonstrated that metabolic pathways including glutamine and glutamate metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism changed during gestation.
Conclusions

Microbiota composition and metabolites changed dramatically from the early to the late pregnancy, which might be associated with the maternal fat accumulation.
Microstrucral, Optical and Electrical Characteristics of Cu-doped CdTe Nanocrystalline Films for Desinging of Absorber Layer in Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Alzaid Meshal , Hadia N. M. A. , El-Hagary M. , Shaaban E. R. , ahmed wael 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper reports the microstrcure, optical and electrical characteristics of undoped and Cu doped CdTe nanostructured thin films prepared on glass substrates by electron beam evaporation technique. The Crystallographic study of X-ray diffraction shows that CdTe and Cu doped CdTe films crystallize in the form of a cubic zinc blende structure. Microstructure analysis reveals that as the Cu doping level increases, the average crystallite size increases, while the microstrian decreases due to the improvement of the crystallinty, thereby reducing defects. XRD and AFM investigations confirmed the nanostructure characteristic of undoped and Cu doped films. It was found that the optical band gap energy increases from 1.485 eV to 1.683 eV as the Cu concentration increases from 0 wt. % to 10 wt. %, which may be related to the Burstein-Moss effect. The refractive index is calculated from the Swanepoel envelope method and found to decrease with the increase of the Cu doping due to the decrease in the prolizability. Similarly, the extinction coefficient decreases with the increase of Cu in CdTe matrix. The dc electrical conductivity is found to increase with increasing Cu doping, which is attributed to the increase in the grain size, thereby reducing the scattering of the grain boundary. Furthermore, two conduction mechanisms of the carrier transport in nanostrcutured undoped and Cu doped CdTe films were observed. The low temperature dependence of the conductivity of undoped and Cu doped CdTe nanostructured films is explained based on Mott’s variable range hopping conduction mechanism model (VRH). Interestingly, the calculated values of hopping distance R, the hopping energy W and the the density of states at the Fermi level N(EF) are consistent with the Mott's VRH. Finally, Hall effect measurements show that all the films have p- type conduction behavior. Besides, the results show that as Cu doping level increases, the carrier concentration and the Hall mobility increase due to the decrease in grain boundary scattering with the increase in grain size. Accordingly, it can be concluded that by increasing the Cu doping level in the CdTe film, the conductivity is increased, thereby improving the performance of the CdTe absorber layer in the solar cell structure.
Investigation of Catalytic Activity of a Sulfonated Aluminum-Based Metal-Organic Framework: Design of Oleic Acid Esterification With Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Gecgel Cihan , Turabik Meral 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this study, the synthesis of MIL-53(Al) (Material Institute Lavoisier, MIL) material, which is an aluminum-containing metal-organic framework (MOF) and generally produced using the solvothermal method was carried out by microwave method at different synthesis times (30-180 min) and temperatures (120-180 °C). In order to improve the catalytic activity of the MIL-53(Al), it was functionalized by applying sulfonation process and SO3-MIL-53(Al) material was also provided. It has been observed that the changing in the synthesis time and temperature cause changes in the morphologies, surface areas and thermal resistance. The highest surface area value was obtained as 1256.3 m2/g at 180 °C-180 min synthesis condition. MIL-53(Al) and SO3-MIL-53(Al) were investigated as catalysts for the esterification of the oleic acid with methanol by designing response surface methodology (RSM). The SO3-MIL-53(Al) catalyst provided higher conversion of oleic acid to ester than MIL-53(Al) as 97.2% and 65.9%, respectively.
Enhanced Linear and Non Linear Optical Activity of Lead Onto L-Threonine Cadmium Acetate Crystal
Authors: M Abila Jeba Queen , Bright K.C. , Delphine S. Mary , Udhaya P. Aji 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Herein, we describe the growth and characterization of new crystal lead doped L-Threonine cadmium acetate (LTCA). The supramolecular coordination compounds are crystallized by slow evaporation technique at ambient temperature. The X-ray diffraction techniques confirm monoclinic crystal system and the presence of lead onto the LTCA lattice. L-Threonine amino acids have the unique properties like zwitter ionic nature and molecular chirality, which improves the optical properties of the crystal. The linear optical parameters such as optical band gap and refractive indexes are estimated from Uv-Vis analysis. The variation of dielectric constant, dielectric loss with frequency is studied using LCR meter. Due to the electropositive character of lead the static permittivity increases. Magnetic behavior changes to paramagnetic nature due to the inclusion of lead. TG/DTA analysis suggests, the crystal is thermally stable up to 135.32°C. Using Nd-YAG laser the NLO property was studied and the crystal shows higher SHG efficiency than the LTCA crystal.
Using Deep Learning to Predict Microvascular Invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MRI Combined with Clinical Parameters
Authors: Song Danjun , Wang Yueyue , Wang Wentao , Wang Yining , Cai Jiabin , Zhu Kai , Lv Minzhi , Gao Qiang , Zhou Jian , Fan Jia , Rao Shengxiang , Wang Manning , Wang Xiaoying 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose Microvascular invasion (MVI) is a critical determinant of the early recurrence and poor prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Prediction of MVI status is clinically significant for the decision of treatment strategies and the assessment of patient’s prognosis. A deep learning (DL) model was developed to predict the MVI status and grade in HCC patients based on preoperative dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and clinical parameters.Methods HCC patients with pathologically confirmed MVI status from January to December 2016 were enrolled and preoperative DCE-MRI of these patients were collected in this study. Then they were randomly divided into the training and testing cohorts. A DL model with eight conventional neural network (CNN) branches for eight MRI sequences was built to predict the presence of MVI, and further combined with clinical parameters for better prediction.Results Among 601 HCC patients, 376 patients were pathologically MVI-absent, and 225 patients were MVI-present. To predict the presence of MVI, the DL model based only on images achieved an area under curve (AUC) of 0.915 in the testing cohort as compared to the radiomics model with an AUC of 0.731. The DL combined with clinical parameters (DLC) model yielded the best predictive performance with an AUC of 0.931. For the MVI grade stratification, the DLC models achieved an overall accuracy of 0.793. Survival analysis demonstrated that the patients with DLC-predicted MVI status were associated with the poor overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Further investigation showed that hepatectomy with the wide resection margin contributes to better OS and RFS in the DLC-predicted MVI-present patients.Conclusion The proposed DLC model can provide a non-invasive approach to evaluate MVI before surgery, which can help surgeons make decisions of surgical strategies and assess patient’s prognosis.