bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abnormal iron status is independently associated with reduced oscillometric lung function in schoolchildren
Authors: Ha Eun Kyo , Kim Ju Hee , Lee Eun , Sung Myongsoon , Jee Hye Mi , Baek Hey Sung , Shin Youn Ho , Lee Na Hee , Han Man Yong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundAssociations between anemia and allergic diseases have been reported, but the relationship of iron deficiency with airway dysfunction in children remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the relationship between abnormal iron parameters and lung function in schoolchildren.MethodsFour hundred and forty‐five children (10–12 years‐old) from 11 elementary schools in were enrolled. The relationships of different iron parameters (hemoglobin, serum iron, transferrin saturation, and serum ferritin) with lung function evaluated by impulse oscillometry (airways resistance at 5 Hz [Rrs5], 10 Hz [Rrs10], and the difference of Rrs5 and Rrs20 Hz [Rrs5‐20]), and with exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were evaluated after adjustment for confounders including height, sex, and body mass index z‐score, and for additional covariates that could affect airway function.ResultsTotal airway dysfunction represented by Rrs5 was reduced in participants with low serum iron level (aβ: −0.13, 95% CI: −0.23 to −0.03, p = 0.040) after adjustment for key confounders, but did not correlate with other iron profiles. Reduced oscillometric lung function recorded as Rrs5‐20 was related with low serum iron and high serum ferritin, but the results were inconsistent after multiple comparisons. Associations were not observed with serum hemoglobin.ConclusionsDecreased serum iron level was related with airway dysfunction represented as oscillomteric Rrs5. Our results suggest a relationship of reduced lung function with abnormal iron status in children.
Immunopathophysiology and clinical impact of uveitis in inflammatory rheumatic diseases: An update
Authors: Hysa Elvis , Cutolo Carlo Alberto , Gotelli Emanuele , Pacini Greta , Schenone Carlotta , Kreps Elke O , Smith Vanessa , Cutolo Maurizio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundUveitis is one of the most frequent ophthalmologic manifestations in rheumatology. Uveal inflammation can underlie a systemic inflammatory rheumatic disease (SIRD) in approximately 30% of cases with a significant burden on the quality of life since it represents a cause of blindness in up to 20% of cases in Western countries.MethodsIn this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiology of uveitis associated with SIRDs. According to our literature survey on the epidemiology of uveitis among SIRDs, spondyloarthritides, Behçet's disease and sarcoidosis get the major impact.ResultsIn Behçet's uveitis, the key players are highly polarized Th1 and Th17 lymphocytes, natural killer T cells and γδ T cells. All contribute to a great destructive inflammatory environment with the most serious visual damage resulting from the involvement of the posterior segment of the eye. In contrast, spondyloarthritides‐related uveitis derives from a complex interaction between genetic background and extra‐ocular inflammatory mediators originating from enthesitis, arthritis, psoriatic lesions and microbiome pro‐inflammatory alterations. In such conditions, the immune infiltration of CD4+ T cells, Th17 and natural killer cells along with pro‐inflammatory cytokines, TNF‐α among all, leads to intraocular inflammation. Lastly, granuloma formation represents the primary hallmark lesion in sarcoid uveitis. This suggests a profound link between the innate system that mainly recruits activated macrophages and adaptive system involving by Th1, Th17 and Th17.1 cells.ConclusionsAwareness among rheumatologists of a potential severe ocular involvement generates new insights into targeted therapeutic approaches and personalized treatments for each patient.
Dispersed information, social networks, and aggregate behavior
Authors: Grazzini Jakob , Massaro Domenico 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article argues that, in the presence of dispersed information, individual‐level idiosyncratic noise may propagate at the aggregate level when agents are connected through a social network. When information about a common fundamental is incomplete and heterogeneous across agents, it is beneficial to consider the actions of other agents because of the additional information conveyed by these actions. We refer to the act of using other agents' actions in the individual decision process as social learning. This article shows that social learning aimed at reducing the error of individual actions with respect to the fundamental may increase the error of the aggregate action depending on the network topology. Moreover, if the network is very asymmetric, the error of the aggregate action does not decay as predicted by the law of large numbers.
A next generation sequencing‐based analysis of a large cohort of ataxic patients refines the clinical spectrum associated with spinocerebellar ataxia 21
Authors: Riso Vittorio , Galatolo Daniele , Barghigiani Melissa , Galosi Serena , Tessa Alessandra , Ricca Ivana , Rossi Salvatore , Caputi Caterina , Cioffi Ettore , Leuzzi Vincenzo , Casali Carlo , Santorelli Filippo M. , Silvestri Gabriella 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeSpinocerebellar ataxia 21 (SCA21) is a rare autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by TMEM240 gene mutations. To date, SCA21 has been reported only in a limited number of families worldwide. Here, we describe clinical and molecular findings in five additional SCA21 patients from four unrelated families, diagnosed through a multicentre next generation sequencing‐based molecular screening project on a large cohort of patients with degenerative and congenital ataxias.MethodsA cohort of 393 patients with ataxia of unknown aetiology was selected. Following the identification of heterozygous pathogenic TMEM240 variants using a target resequencing panel, we carried out an in‐depth phenotyping of the novel SCA21 patients.ResultsFive patients from four unrelated families, three of Italian and one of Libyan origin, were identified. These patients were carriers of previously reported TMEM240 mutations. Clinically, our SCA21 cohort includes both adult onset, slowly progressive cerebellar ataxias associated with cognitive impairment resembling cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome and early onset forms associated with cognitive delay, neuropsychiatric features, or evidence of hypomyelination on brain magnetic resonance imaging. None of our patients exhibited signs of extrapyramidal involvement. The so‐called “recurrent” c.509C>T (p.Pro170Leu) mutation was detected in two of four families, corroborating its role as a hot spot.ConclusionsOur results confirm that SCA21 is present also in Italy, suggesting that it might not be as rare as previously thought. The phenotype of these novel SCA21 patients indicates that slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia, and cognitive and psychiatric symptoms are the most typical clinical features associated with mutations in the TMEM240 gene.
An approach for constructing expert yellow pages for community question answering sites
Authors: Li Ming , Qi Xiaoyu , Li Ying , Lu Xiuzhi , Wang Li 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe rapid increase in the number of community‐based question‐and‐answer services is attracting many users. Questions are posted and answered by community members. These users, who can help other users answer questions, can be considered experts. To facilitate finding a suitable expert and alleviate information overload, in this paper, expert yellow pages (EYP) for community question answering (CQA) are constructed. Considering the various lengths of texts, the biterm topic model (BTM) is used to model questions and fields of expertise. Then, two‐dimensional EYP (2DEYP), which are composed of expertise field dimensions and question dimensions, are constructed. The intersections represent the cluster of experts. The proposed 2DEYP can be expanded both laterally and vertically for a more in‐depth understanding and a more precise location. As the closer neurons represent similar topics, a novel labelling method is proposed to identify topic words for navigation. The method uses the distance between neurons as the differentiation capability. To further distinguish experts, a ranking mechanism is proposed. The experts can be ranked by integrating their expertise and activity levels. The expertise level is novel and characterized by both breadth and depth aspects. The proposed approach is evaluated via a real dataset, and the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and performs well.
Human activity shapes the wintering ecology of a migratory bird
Authors: Van Doren Benjamin M. , Conway Greg J. , Phillips Robbie J. , Evans Glynne C. , Roberts Graham C. M. , Liedvogel Miriam , Sheldon Ben C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHuman behavior profoundly affects the natural world. Migratory birds are particularly susceptible to adverse effects of human activities because the global networks of ecosystems on which birds rely are undergoing rapid change. In spite of these challenges, the blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla) is a thriving migratory species. Its recent establishment of high‐latitude wintering areas in Britain and Ireland has been linked to climate change and backyard bird feeding, exemplifying the interaction between human activity and migrant ecology. To understand how anthropogenic influences shape avian movements and ecology, we marked 623 wintering blackcaps at 59 sites across Britain and Ireland and compiled a dataset of 9929 encounters. We investigated visitation behavior at garden feeding sites, inter‐annual site fidelity, and movements within and across seasons. We analyzed migration tracks from 25 geolocators fitted to a subset of individuals to understand how garden behavior may impact subsequent migration and breeding. We found that blackcaps wintering in Britain and Ireland showed high site fidelity and low transience among wintering sites, in contrast to the itinerant movements characteristic of blackcaps wintering in their traditional winter range. First‐winter birds showed lower site fidelity and a greater likelihood of transience than adults. Adults that frequented gardens had better body condition, smaller fat stores, longer bills, and rounder wingtips. However, blackcaps did not exclusively feed in gardens; visits were linked to harsher weather. Individuals generally stayed at garden sites until immediately before spring departure. Our results suggest that supplementary feeding is modifying blackcap winter ecology and driving morphological evolution. Supplemental feeding may have multifaceted benefits on winter survival, and these positive effects may carry over to migration and subsequent breeding. Overall, the high individual variability in blackcap movement and foraging ecology, and the flexibility it imparts, may have allowed this species to flourish during rapid environmental change.
Clergy, capital, and gender inequality: An assessment of how social and spiritual capital are denied to women priests in the Church of England
Authors: Fry A. D. J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlthough the Church of England (CofE) agreed to admit women to its most senior ordained offices as bishops in 2014, they are still not afforded the same opportunities for professional progression as men. This article identifies and explores factors that contribute to such inequality. It draws on semistructured interviews with 41 male priests from theologically conservative traditions within the CofE, interpreting the data with a thematic narrative analysis. Utilizing literature from social and spiritual capital, this article establishes that these forms of capital are necessary for informing the habitus required for obtaining senior positions in the CofE before arguing that such resources are frequently denied to women by those interviewed. The analysis develops understanding of spiritual capital and institutional work, demonstrating that the former functions in a manner akin to cultural capital within religious institutions and that the latter is not always purposive in its capacity for effecting institutional change. It also articulates the theory of irresolute equality reform to describe the way in which different institutional goals can limit their ability for equality reform. The article then outlines changes that could be made in clergy training and in the selection procedures for senior appointments to address gender inequality within the CofE.
Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in a referral center in Taiwan
Authors: Hsu Ting‐Jung , Yeh Hsu‐Hang , Lee Chih‐Hung , Liu Kwei‐Lan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundStevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are potentially fatal adverse drug reactions. The characteristics of these diseases are changing with the use of novel drugs, posing new challenges to doctors. We aimed to review recent SJS/TEN cases in order to assist general practitioners with timely diagnosis and correct management.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of SJS/TEN patients in a referral center in Taiwan from 2009 to 2019. We included 24 patients' charts and analyzed demographic data, medication histories, clinical courses, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles, and long‐term complications.ResultsThe average age was 63.4 years, and the average toxic epidermal necrolysis‐specific severity of illness score was 1.9. The most common culprit drug was carbamazepine (33.3%), followed by antibiotics (12.5%) and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (8.3%). Two cases were caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors, and one of them had a long latency of 210 days. Three out of the four patients carrying HLA‐B*15:02 had carbamazepine‐induced SJS/TEN. All patients were treated with systemic corticosteroids in the acute stage of the diseases. The length of in‐hospital stay did not correlate with the average daily dose of corticosteroids. The overall mortality rate was 4.2%, and the disease‐specific mortality rate was 0%.ConclusionsThe most common culprit drug was carbamazepine, which had strong association with HLA‐B*15:02. There was no statistically significant correlation between in‐hospital stay and the average daily dose of corticosteroids. Immune checkpoint inhibitor‐related SJS/TEN may have an extended latent period.
Open Dialogue, need‐adapted mental health care, and implementation fidelity: A discussion paper
Authors: Waters Edward , Ong Benjamin , Mikes‐Liu Kristof , McCloughen Andrea , Rosen Alan , Mayers Steven , Sidis Anna , Dawson Lisa , Buus Niels 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOpen Dialogue is a need‐adapted approach to mental health care that was originally developed in Finland. Like other need‐adapted approaches, Open Dialogue aims to meet consumer’s needs and promote collaborative person‐centred dialogue to support recovery. Need‐adapted mental health care is distinguished by flexibility and responsiveness. Fidelity, defined from an implementation science perspective as the delivery of distinctive interventions in a high quality and effective fashion is a key consideration in health care. However, flexibility presents challenges for evaluating fidelity, which is much easier to evaluate when manualization and reproducible processes are possible. Hence, it remains unclear whether Open Dialogue and other need‐adapted mental health interventions can be meaningfully evaluated for fidelity. The aim of this paper was to critically appraise and advance the evaluation of fidelity in need‐adapted mental health care, using Open Dialogue as a case study. The paper opens a discussion about how fidelity should be evaluated in flexible, complex interventions, and identifies key questions that need to be asked by practitioners working in need‐adapted mental health care to ensure they deliver these interventions as intended and in an evidence‐based fashion.
Competing product service in an OEM supply chain with upstream module suppliers as service providers
Authors: Liu Liping , Zhao Lindu , Lee Chulung 
Published: April 2021

AbstractModular production brings new opportunities for service provisions. We examine a supply chain consisting of two competing module suppliers and a common manufacturer, in which the manufacturer sources two differentiated modules from two suppliers and then produces two competing products for consumers. A delegation relationship is applied to explore the possibility of the module services offered by the suppliers. When the service commission fees are fixed, there exist optimal commission fees to maximize the manufacturer's profit. Service commission fees, service efficiencies, service sensitivity, and market types greatly affect the service levels, prices, and profitability of each member in the supply chain. The manufacturer should strategically adopt differentiated pricing strategies and service provisions from two suppliers rather than the best service abilities of the suppliers. In the service‐level sensitivity market, the improved service levels are more attractive to consumers so that the manufacturer will charge high prices by investing more in services. Product services with “high quality, high price” are more suitable for high‐end consumers. We also consider the variable service commission fees and find that there are still some robust results except that the effects of the service incentives and the commission fees will be enlarged.
Phase equilibrium studies in V2O5‐Fe2O3 and V2O5‐TiO2 systems
Authors: Feng Desheng , Li Ming , Yee Sze Long , Jiang Yang , Chen Mao , Peng Yi , Ma Xiaodong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractV2O5‐Fe2O3 and V2O5‐TiO2 systems represent two important chemical systems with various applications, including energy, catalysts, and high‐performance materials. In the present study, high‐temperature phase equilibrium experiments were conducted at the temperature range of 670–1000°C in air. Electron probe X‐ray micro‐analyzer (EPMA) was used to analyze the microstructure and composition of the phases presented in quenched samples. Systematic experiments demonstrated that V2O5‐containing systems should not be quenched by water‐based quenching media. Phase diagrams in both systems were constructed, and the eutectic and peritectic points of the systems were confirmed and compared with previous studies. The present study improved the previous results and could be used as the base for thermodynamic modelings and further applications of the two systems.
Pulmonary vein isolation in atrial fibrillation patients guided by a novel local impedance algorithm: 1‐year outcome from the CHARISMA study
Authors: Solimene Francesco , Giannotti Santoro Mario , De Simone Antonio , Malacrida Maurizio , Stabile Giuseppe , Pandozi Claudio , Pelargonio Gemma , Cauti Filippo Maria , Scaglione Marco , Pecora Domenico , Bongiorni Maria Grazia , Arestia Alberto , Grimaldi Gabriella , Russo Maurizio , Narducci Maria Lucia , Segreti Luca 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundHighly localized impedance (LI) measurements during atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation have recently emerged as a viable real‐time indicator of tissue characteristics and durability of the lesions created. We report the outcomes of acute and long‐term clinical evaluation of the new DirectSense algorithm in AF ablation.MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing AF ablation were included in the CHARISMA registry. RF delivery was guided by the DirectSense algorithm, which records the magnitude and time‐course of the impedance drop. The ablation endpoint was pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), as assessed by the entrance and exit block.Results3556 point‐by‐point first‐pass RF applications of >10 s duration were analyzed in 153 patients (mean age=59 ± 10 years, 70% men, 61% paroxysmal AF, 39% persistent AF). The mean baseline LI was 105 ± 15 Ω before ablation and 92 ± 12 Ω after ablation (p < .0001). Both absolute drops in LI and the time to LI drop (LI drop/τ) were greater at successful ablation sites (n = 3122, 88%) than at ineffective ablation sites (n = 434, 12%) (14 ± 8 Ω vs 6 ± 4 Ω, p < .0001 for LI; 0.73 [0.41–1.25] Ω/s vs. 0.35[0.22–0.59 Ω/s, p < .0001 for LI drop/τ). No major complications occurred during or after the procedures. All PVs had been successfully isolated. During a mean follow‐up of 366 ± 130 days, 18 patients (11.8%) suffered an AF/atrial tachycardia recurrence after the 90‐day blanking period.ConclusionThe magnitude and time‐course of the LI drop during RF delivery were associated with effective lesion formation. This ablation strategy for PVI guided by LI technology proved safe and effective and resulted in a very low rate of AF recurrence over 1‐year follow‐up.
General practitioners maintain a focus on blood pressure management rather than absolute cardiovascular disease risk management
Authors: Chapman Niamh , McWhirter Rebekah E. , Jose Kim A. , Schultz Martin G. , Ezzy Douglas , Nelson Mark R. , Sharman James E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundAbsolute cardiovascular disease (aCVD) risk assessment is recommended in CVD prevention guidelines. Yet, General Practitioners (GPs) often focus on single risk factors, including blood pressure (BP). Pathology services may be suitable to undertake high‐quality automated unobserved BP (AOBP) measurement and aCVD risk assessment. This study explored GP attitudes towards AOBP measurement via pathology services and the role of BP in aCVD risk management.MethodsA brief survey was completed, after which a focus group (n = 8 GPs) and interviews (n = 10 GPs) explored attitudes to AOBP and aCVD risk via pathology services with an example pathology report discussed. Verbatim transcripts were thematically coded.ResultsGPs predominantly used doctor‐measured BP despite low levels of confidence. High BP measured by AOBP reported with aCVD risk via pathology services, would prompt a follow‐up response. However, GPs focused on BP management. GPs were concerned about AOBP equivalency to routine BP measurements. After protocol explanation, GPs reported AOBP could value‐add to care delivery.ConclusionGPs lacked familiarity of AOBP and maintained a focus on BP management in the context of absolute CVD risk. Targeted education on AOBP and BP management as part of absolute CVD risk is needed to support guideline‐directed care in practice.
New institutional investors in the IPO secondary market: Sentiment or fundamentals?
Authors: Fu Xudong , Hamilton Janet , Lian Qin , Tang Tian , Wang Qiming 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe investigate new institutional investors that do not receive initial public offering (IPO) allocations but invest in the newly public firms after IPOs. We find that many institutions buy the stocks of IPO firms in the post‐IPO secondary market over time. In contrast to retail investors who chase hot IPOs, these new institutions invest in IPO firms with lower valuations at offerings and better fundamentals. These results suggest that new institutional investors' post‐IPO investment decisions are driven by publicly available information on firm fundamentals instead of investor sentiment. Long‐term performance tests confirm that this trading strategy helps institutions identify better quality IPOs.