bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Experimental Interventions to Improve the Biomedical Peer‐Review Process: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Gaudino Mario , Robinson N. Bryce , Di Franco Antonino , Hameed Irbaz , Naik Ajita , Demetres Michelle , Girardi Leonard N. , Frati Giacomo , Fremes Stephen E. , Biondi‐Zoccai Giuseppe 
Published: July 2021

Background
Quality of the peer‐review process has been tested only in small studies. We describe and summarize the randomized trials that investigated interventions aimed at improving peer‐review process of biomedical manuscripts.

Methods and Results
All randomized trials comparing different peer‐review interventions at author‐, reviewer‐, and/or editor‐level were included. Differences between traditional and intervention‐modified peer‐review processes were pooled as standardized mean difference (SMD) in quality based on the definitions used in the individual studies. Main outcomes assessed were quality and duration of the peer‐review process. Five‐hundred and seventy‐five studies were retrieved, eventually yielding 24 randomized trials. Eight studies evaluated the effect of interventions at author‐level, 16 at reviewer‐level, and 3 at editor‐level. Three studies investigated interventions at multiple levels. The effects of the interventions were reported as mean change in review quality, duration of the peer‐review process, acceptance/rejection rate, manuscript quality, and number of errors detected in 13, 11, 5, 4, and 3 studies, respectively. At network meta‐analysis, reviewer‐level interventions were associated with a significant improvement in review quality (SMD, 0.20 [0.06 to 0.33]), at the cost of increased duration of the review process (SMD, 0.15 [0.01 to 0.29]), except for reviewer blinding. Author‐ and editor‐level interventions did not significantly impact peer‐review quality and duration (respectively, SMD, 0.17 [−0.16 to 0.51] and SMD, 0.19 [−0.40 to 0.79] for quality, and SMD, 0.17 [−0.16 to 0.51] and SMD, 0.19 [−0.40 to 0.79] for duration).

Conclusions
Modifications of the traditional peer‐review process at reviewer‐level are associated with improved quality, at the price of longer duration. Further studies are needed.

Registration

URL:
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero
; Unique identifier: CRD42020187910.
Multibranch Formal Neuron: An Internally Nonlinear Learning Unit
Authors: Güler Marifi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The transformation of synaptic input into action potential in nerve cells is strongly influenced by the morphology of the dendritic arbor as well as the synaptic efficacy map. The multiplicity of dendritic branches strikingly enables a single cell to act as a highly nonlinear processing element. Studies have also found functional synaptic clustering whereby synapses that encode a common sensory feature are spatially clustered together on the branches. Motivated by these findings, here we introduce a multibranch formal model of the neuron that can integrate synaptic inputs nonlinearly through collective action of its dendritic branches and yields synaptic clustering. An analysis in support of its use as a computational building block is offered. Also offered is an accompanying gradient descent–based learning algorithm. The model unit spans a wide spectrum of nonlinearities, including the parity problem, and can outperform the multilayer perceptron in generalizing to unseen data. The occurrence of synaptic clustering boosts the generalization efficiency of the unit, which may also be the answer for the puzzling ubiquity of synaptic clustering in the real neurons. Our theoretical analysis is backed up by simulations. The study could pave the way to new artificial neural networks.
Kollektiv und Individuum, Bild und Text
Authors: Jäger Nadine 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Using the example of the Dance of Death of Bern, this article points out that it is not alone the contents, but the divergent communication modes of image and text that are interwoven and cooperate, while each maintains its distinct message: the text emphasizes the individual due to its successive mode of communication, the image’s simultaneous transmission of information focusses on the collective. By these means, the Dance of Death expresses its admonition and induces the recipient to critical introspection.
Paracelsus, His Herbarius, and the Relevance of Medicinal Herbs in His Medical Thought
Authors: Leprêtre Matti 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article aims at reassessing the significance of Paracelsus’ Herbarius, a work deemed a loose collection of field notes and juvenilia by Karl Sudhoff, Paracelsus’ most famous editor and scholar. By comparing it to Von den natürlichen Dingen, another treatise that overlaps extensively with the Herbarius (four of the six Gewechse discussed in the Herbarius are also dealt with in Von den natürlichen Dingen), the article suggests that both texts, although unfinished, must be read as well-crafted treatises rather than mere drafts. It also examines two hypotheses concerning the relationship between the two treatises: the Herbarius will alternatively be read as a simplified version of Von den natürlichen Dingen, written concomitantly in order to be understandable by the “common man” (gemeine Mann); and as its preliminary version, further elaborated upon by Paracelsus several years after he wrote the Herbarius. By tracing the early reception of the Herbarius, the article attempts to understand its relationship to the several writings that were deemed by the followers of Paracelsus to be part of a supposedly larger Paracelsian herbal centered on the doctrine of signatures: to them, the Herbarius was undoubtedly a mere excerpt of Paracelsus’ Herbarius spiritualis sidereus, a concept investigated here.
Das galante Fest als Gesamtkunstwerk
Authors: Stauffer Isabelle 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Aurora von Königsmarck’s letters from Medevi show the outstanding role this celebrated baroque poetess played in the gallant festival culture at the Swedish court. They tell of courtly festivals taking place at the famous health spa Medevi in August 1682. They uncover festivals which do not appear in official festival books. So these letters represent very important documents of cultural history, allowing a fresh sight on courtly festival culture. This article inquires the gallant performance of Aurora’s letters, investigates them for well-known models, motifs and journals of courtly-gallant festivals and emphazises their political and aesthetical relevance. With her various artistical contributions Aurora tries to influence her position within the Swedish nobility. The festivals follow the French festival culture of Ludwig XIV. and are to be interpreted as synthesis of the arts, including several arts. Aurora’s letters are not only descriptions, but also a part of this synthesis of the arts.
The Philippines in 2020: Exposed Deficiencies and Aggravated Backsliding in a Year of Crises
Authors: Gloria Enrico V. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
While the COVID-19 pandemic presented itself as a global challenge that greatly hampered progress everywhere, its combination with other national emergencies and political developments in the country made 2020 a year of crises for the Philippines. The year of crises presented itself as a litmus test for the effectiveness of Rodrigo Duterte’s populist leadership and for the resilience of Philippine democracy. It was a year of reckoning that unmasked the government’s misplaced priorities and exposed systemic deficiencies in various areas of governance. Likewise, the year of crises also provided an effective rationale for greater executive aggrandizement, aggravating the continued trend of democratic backsliding since 2016. This year-end review outlines how the government has managed the year of crises, and how its responses led to these two thematic developments that define 2020 for the Philippines. The essay provides local contextualization in terms of how democratic backsliding is aggravated by situations of crises, and how these crises unmask systemic deficiencies in weak democracies such as the Philippines.
History as Memory: Alexander in South Asian Demotic Literature and Popular Media
Authors: Hussain Syed Ejaz 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The diversity and range of existing archives on the history and romance of Alexander have projected on him a multiplicity of images. Alexander’s conquests, military achievements, romance, myths, and legends have fascinated writers, scholars, historians, poets, filmmakers, the media, and designers of websites around the world. His invasion of India in 326 BCE left an indelible influence on Indian art, history, and literature. The present essay takes up a theme on which not much work has been done in modern scholarship. It focuses on the nature and diversity of the historical memory of Alexander in modern South Asia, particularly as reflected in modern Urdu and Hindi, the two major languages of the subcontinent. It also examines how Alexander is portrayed in popular culture and India’s nationalist discourse.
The Lumpenproletariat and the Itinerary of a Concept: Some Literary Reflections
Authors: Mohan Anupama 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In their theory of class formation and social revolution, Karl Marx and Frederick Engels were scathing about the lumpenproletariat, condemning it as anti-revolutionary, morally bankrupt, and a bribable tool of the bourgeoisie, a view that remained influential well into the mid-twentieth century. Not until Frantz Fanon appropriated the term lumpenproletariat in The Wretched of the Earth (1961) and applied it to what he saw as a whole class of people waiting to be brought into and redeployed as the vanguard of a new revolutionary proletarian consciousness did it shed its negative connotations. The changed trajectories of the proper place and role of the lumpenproletariat can be seen in working-class literatures of the late twentieth and twenty-first centuries, which constitute an important stage upon which to refine Marxian and Fanonian understandings of the lumpenproletariat. This essay examines three novels written in the last thirty years: Herbert, by Nabarun Bhattacharya, written originally in Bengali and published in 1993; How Late It Was, How Late, by Scottish writer James Kelman (1994); and Sacred Games, by Vikram Chandra (2006). Read contrapuntally, these works provide a literary platform for the exploration of the representational shift in the role and function of the lumpenproletariat in the twenty-first century.
Using modulated and smoothed data improves detectability of volume difference in group comparison, but reduces accuracy with atlas-based volumetry using Statistical Parametric Mapping 12 software
Authors: Goto Masami , Murata Syo , Hori Masaaki , Nemoto Kiyotaka , Kamatgata Koji , Aoki Shigeki , Abe Osamu , Sakamoto Hajime , Sakano Yasuaki , Kyogoku Shinsuke , Daida Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2021

Background Atlas-based volumetry using three-dimensional T1-weighted (3D-T1W) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used previously to evaluate the volumes of intracranial tissues. Purpose To evaluate the detectability of volume difference and accuracy for volumetry using smoothed data with an atlas-based method. Material and Methods Twenty healthy individuals and 24 patients with idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) underwent 3-T MRI, and sagittal 3D-T1W images were obtained in all participants. Signal values (as tissue probability) of voxels in five segmented data types (gray matter, white matter, cerebrospinal fluid [CSF], skull, soft tissue) derived from the 3D-T1W images with SPM 12 software were assigned simulated 3D-T1W signal intensities to each tissue image. The assigned data were termed “reference data.” We created a reference 3 D-T1W image that included the reference data of all five tissue types. Standard volumes were measured for the reference CSF data with region of interest of lateral ventricle in native space, and measured volumes were obtained for non-smoothed and smoothed-modulated data. Detectability was evaluated between measured volumes in the healthy control and iNPH groups. Accuracy was evaluated as the difference between the mean measured and standard volumes. Results In group comparison of measured volumes between the healthy control and iNPH groups, the lowest P value was for smoothed-modulated CSF data. In both groups, the largest difference from the standard volume was found for the mean of the measured volumes for smoothed-modulated CSF data. Conclusion Our study shows that using smoothed data can improve detectability in group comparison. However, using smoothed data reduces the accuracy of volumetry.
Combination of the Archimedes Navigation System and cryobiopsy in diagnosis of diffuse lung disease
Authors: Zhang Quncheng , Li Huili , An Yunxia , Cheng Dongjun , Sun Guannan , Qi Yong , Xuan Weixia , Wang Zheng , Zhang Xiaoju 
Published: July 2021

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of the Archimedes Navigation System (Broncus Medical, San Jose, CA, USA) for guidance during transbronchial cryobiopsy and the incidence of complications in patients with diffuse lung disease. Methods High-resolution computed tomography and transbronchial cryobiopsy were used to evaluate eight patients with diffuse lung disease. The Archimedes Navigation System was used before cryobiopsy to obtain the best path with which to avoid large vessels. Three to five cryobiopsy specimens were taken from each sampled segment. Results Preoperative planning using the Archimedes Navigation System was successfully performed on all eight patients. The probe-to-pleura distance was approximately 10 mm. No cases of pneumothorax occurred, one patient developed moderate bleeding, two developed minor bleeding, and five developed minimal bleeding that stopped spontaneously. A final diagnosis was obtained for seven patients, and ongoing follow-up was being conducted for the last patient at the time of this writing. Conclusions This is the first report of combining navigation technology with cryobiopsy to diagnose diffuse lung disease. The Archimedes Navigation System, which provides real-time guidance, is helpful in pre-cryobiopsy planning and diagnosis of diffuse lung disease. Moreover, this system can reduce the pneumothorax rate and bleeding risk by avoiding large vessels.
Do family firms pay less for external funding?
Authors: Ali Muhammad Jahangir , Miglani Seema , Dang Man , Puwanenthiren Premkanth , Mieszko Mazur 
Published: July 2021

We examine the impact of family control on the cost of raising external funds by family enterprises. Using a sample of Australian publicly listed firms, we find a significantly negative relation between cost of newly raised capital and family control. Moreover, we show that this relationship varies with the quality of corporate governance and the quality of firm’s information environment. Furthermore, we conduct several robustness checks and consistently find that our main results remain unchanged. Overall, our evidence suggests that family firms have easier access to external financing fostered by family involvement in the ownership and control. JEL Classification: G31; G32; M41; M42
Delivery of care for migraine in the Asian Oceanian region: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Roxas Artemio , Quiles Liz Edenberg , Wang Shuu-Jiun 
Published: July 2021

Objective To determine the current availability of care for headaches, in particular migraine in the Asian Oceanian region. Method A questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study from August 2020 to February 2021, surveyed country representatives from the member countries of the Asian Oceanian Association of Neurology. The items of the survey were influenced by the findings and recommendations of the 2011 Atlas of Headache by Lifting the Burden and the World Health Organization. Results Respondents from all of the 21 member countries of the Asian Oceanian Association of Neurology and 3 other Asian countries participated in this survey. All countries have an established neurological association except for Brunei where there are only 6 neurologists. Thirteen countries (54%) have a dedicated council for headaches. The majority have no subspecialty training program for headaches (75%). Prevalence studies are available in 14 countries while 10 out of the 24 have clinical practice guidelines. Among the 6 countries who offer subspecialty training for headache, only 3 countries cater foreign neurologists. Most of the countries have a wide selection of non-specific migraine drugs. All countries except for Mongolia have at least 1 triptan but non-oral forms for triptans are only available in 8 countries. Monoclonal antibody for migraine prophylaxis is available in 12 out of 24 countries (50%). The majority of respondents agree that migraine is under-diagnosed and under-treated by non-neurologists and that more time should be allotted for lectures dedicated to primary headaches in medical schools. Conclusion The survey showed the scarcity of clinical guidelines, subspecialty training, dedicated headache clinics, and patient advocacy organization for the care of headache patients in the participating countries. Acute and prophylactic medications approved for migraine are available in most countries but approved non-pharmacologic devices are lacking. The recommendations in the 2011 Atlas of Headache Disorders are still to be achieved.
Unemployment in Spain: The failure of wage devaluation
Authors: Villanueva Paloma , Cárdenas Luis 
Published: July 2021

This article analyses from a Keynesian approach the effect of wage devaluation on the Spanish labour market during the Great Recession post-2008. It challenges the pro-flexibility literature, which attributes to labour relations reforms the prevention of larger job destruction in the recession and a larger reduction in unemployment during the subsequent expansion. Instead, we examine the role of wage devaluation in the operation of Okun’s law and gross domestic product, using an extended version of the Bhaduri–Marglin model. We find that wage devaluation has not significantly modified Okun’s law and that through its impact on income distribution, the unemployment rate rose by 1.9 percentage points. We therefore provide evidence for the negative effect of wage devaluation on gross domestic product and the positive effect on the unemployment rate.JEL Codes: C22, E11, E24
Clinical nurses’ knowledge and practices on routine care related to the prevention of complications of peripheral intravenous therapy: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Yilmaz Derya Uzelli , Yilmaz Dilek , Karaman Dilek 
Published: July 2021

Aim: The aim of this descriptive and cross-sectional study was to determine the knowledge and practices of nurses related to the prevention of peripheral intravenous therapy (PIT) complications, and to identify the influencing factors. Methods: The study adopted a cross-sectional and descriptive design and was conducted between April and August of 2018 with a total of 214 clinical nurses. The data collection tools employed were a 12-item sociodemographic questionnaire and a 16-item questionnaire on knowledge and practices related to the prevention of peripheral intravenous therapy complications. Results: The mean knowledge scores of the nurses were found to be 81.54 ± 12.06 (min: 50, max: 100). No statistically significant difference was found to exist between the scores, and the variables of the nurses’ gender, length of employment in the health profession, type of work, training received related to PIT complications, and self-competence level in PIT complications. Conclusion: The nurses were found to have high knowledge levels; however, their practices for preventing PIT complications differed. Standardized practice procedures and workplace training are needed in order to transform nurses’ knowledge into practice with regard to the prevention of PIT complications.
Gastrostomy Tube Placement in Neonates Undergoing Congenital Heart Surgery: A Novel Assessment for Improving Utilization and Timing of Placement
Authors: Beers Kevin M. , Bettenhausen Aaron , Prihoda Thomas J. , Calhoon John H. , Husain S. Adil 
Published: July 2021

Background: Neonates undergoing congenital heart defect repair require optimized nutritional support in the perioperative period. Utilization of a gastrostomy tube is not infrequent, yet optimal timing for placement is ill-defined. The objective of this study was to identify characteristics of patients whose postoperative course included gastrostomy tube placement to facilitate supplemental tube feeding following neonatal repair of congenital heart defects. Methods: A single-institution, retrospective chart review identified 64 consecutive neonates who underwent cardiac operations from 2012 to 2016. Perioperative variables were evaluated for significance in relation to gastrostomy tube placement. Results: A total of 27 (42%) underwent gastrostomy tube placement. Diagnosis of a genetic syndrome was associated with the likelihood of placement of gastrostomy tube ( P = .032), as were patients with single ventricle physiology ( P = .0013) compared to those felt to be amenable to eventual biventricular repair. Aortic arch reconstruction ( P = .029), as well as the need for delayed sternal closure ( P = .05), was associated with increased frequency of gastrostomy tube placement. Postoperative outcomes including the number of days intubated ( P = .0026) and the presence of significant dysphagia ( P = .0034) were associated with gastrostomy placement. Additionally, genetic syndrome ( P = .003), aortic arch reconstruction ( P = .01), and postoperative intubation duration ( P = .0024) correlated with increased length of stay, where increased length of stay was associated with gastrostomy tube placement ( P = .0004). Discussion: Patient characteristics that were associated with a high likelihood of eventual gastrostomy placement were identified in this study. Early recognition of such characteristics in future patients may allow for reduced time to gastrostomy tube placement, which in turn may improve perioperative growth and outcomes.
Outcome of Pulmonary Autograft After the Ross Procedure
Authors: Nakayama Yuki , Shinkawa Takeshi , Matsumura Goki , Hoki Ryogo , Kobayashi Kei , Yoshida Hisashi , Yamagishi Masaaki , Niinami Hiroshi 
Published: July 2021

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess autograft function after the Ross procedure and to review surgical outcomes associated with autograft reoperations. Methods: This is a retrospective study of patients undergoing the Ross procedure since 1993. Autograft function and autograft reoperation were studied. Autograft failure was defined as more than moderate autograft regurgitation or autograft dilatation to more than 50 mm diameter or z-score of more than +4 in children. One hospital death was excluded from analysis as were patients with unknown late autograft status. Results: Among 75 patients analyzed, preoperative diagnosis before the Ross procedure included aortic regurgitation in 26, aortic stenosis in 19, combined lesions in 28, and 2 mechanical valve malfunctions. Median age at the Ross procedure was 12.1 (0.4-43.6) years with 44 children less than 15 years old. Six patients had greater than mild autograft regurgitation at post-Ross hospital discharge. During median follow-up of 14.9 years, there were 23 autograft failures. Eighteen autograft reoperations were performed on 17 patients (13 children), including 12 aortic valve replacements, 5 aortic root replacements (including 1 valve-sparing root replacement), and 1 Konno procedure. Freedom from autograft failure and autograft reoperation at 20 years after the Ross procedure was 52.0% and 66.3%, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified greater than mild autograft regurgitation at hospital discharge from Ross procedure as a risk factor for autograft failure ( P < .01). All patients who underwent autograft reoperation survived and had good health status at a median of 6.9 years after the reoperation. Conclusions: The Ross procedure is effective in delaying prosthetic aortic valve replacement, although the time-related risk of autograft failure is a real consideration.