bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential Levels of Fatty Acid‐Amino Acid Conjugates in the Oral Secretions of Lepidopteran Larvae Account for the Different Profiles of Volatiles
Authors: Ling Xiaoyu , Gu Shimin , Tian Caihong , Guo Huijuan , Degen Thomas , Turlings Ted C J , Ge Feng , Sun Yucheng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlants have evolved sophisticated defense responses to insect herbivore attack, which often involve elicitors in the insects' oral secretions. The major eliciting compounds in insect oral secretions across different species and their potency in inducing volatile emissions have not yet been fully characterized and compared.RESULTSSeven lepidopteran insects with variable duration of association with maize were selected, five species known as pests for a long time (Ostrinia furnacalis, Spodoptera exigua, Spodoptera litura, Mythimna separata, and Helicoverpa armigera) and two newly emerging pests (Athetis lepigone and Athetis dissimilis). Oral secretions of the newly emerging pests have the highest total contents of Fatty Acid‐Amino Acid Conjugates (FACs), and their relative composition was well separated from that of the other five species in principal compound analysis. Redundancy analyses suggested that higher quantity of FACs was mainly responsible for the increases in maize volatiles, of which (E)‐3,8‐dimethyl‐1,4,7‐nonatriene (DMNT) and (E, E)‐4,8,12‐trimethyltrideca‐1,3,7,11‐tetraene (TMTT) were the most strongly inducible compounds. Adding FACs to the oral secretion of S. litura larvae significantly increased the emissions of TMTT and DMNT, confirming the key role of FACs in inducing volatile emissions in maize plants. Additional experiments with artificial diet spiked with linolenic acid suggested that variation in FACs is due to differences in internal FAC degradation and fatty acid excretion.CONCLUSIONCompared with two newly emerging pests A. lepigone and A. dissimilis, the long‐term pests could diminish the volatile emission by maize through reducing the FAC content in their oral secretions, which may lower the risk of attracting natural enemies.
Two-step solvable SKT shears
Authors: Freibert Marco , Swann Andrew 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe use the shear construction to construct and classify a wide range of two-step solvable Lie groups admitting a left-invariant SKT structure. We reduce this to a specification of SKT shear data on Abelian Lie algebras, and which then is studied more deeply in different cases. We obtain classifications and structure results for $$\mathfrak {g}$$
g
almost Abelian, for derived algebra $$\mathfrak {g}'$$

g

′

of codimension 2 and not J-invariant, for $$\mathfrak {g}'$$

g

′

totally real, and for $$\mathfrak {g}'$$

g

′

of dimension at most 2. This leads to a large part of the full classification for two-step solvable SKT algebras of dimension six.
A Fluid Model of a Traffic Network with Information Feedback and Onramp Controls
Authors: Helton J. William , Kelly Frank P. , Williams Ruth J. , Ziedins Ilze 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUnlimited access to a motorway network can, in overloaded conditions, cause a loss of throughput. Ramp metering, by controlling access to the motorway at onramps, can help avoid this loss of throughput. The queues that form at onramps are dependent on the metering rates chosen at the onramps, and these choices affect how the capacities of different motorway sections are shared amongst competing flows. In this paper we perform an analytical study of a fluid, or differential equation, model of a linear network topology with onramp queues. The model allows for adaptive arrivals, in the sense that the rate at which external traffic enters the queue at an onramp can depend on the current perceived delay in that queue. The model also includes a ramp metering policy which uses global onramp queue length information to determine the rate at which traffic enters the motorway from each onramp. This ramp metering policy minimizes the maximum delay over all onramps and produces equal delay times over many onramps. The paper characterizes both the dynamics and the equilibrium behavior of the system under this policy. While we consider an idealized model that leaves out many practical details, an aim of the paper is to develop analytical methods that yield interesting qualitative insights and might be adapted to more general contexts. The paper can be considered as a step in developing an analytical approach towards studying more complex network topologies and incorporating other model features.
Response durability after cessation of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma: a retrospective multicenter DeCOG study
Authors: Stege H. M. , Haist M. , Schultheis S. , Fleischer M. I. , Mohr P. , Ugurel S. , Terheyden P. , Thiem A. , Kiecker F. , Leiter U. , Becker J. C. , Meissner M. , Kleeman J. , Pföhler C. , Hassel J. , Grabbe S. , Loquai C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have led to a prolongation of progression-free and overall survival in patients with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). However, immune-mediated adverse events due to ICI therapy are common and often lead to treatment discontinuation. The response duration after cessation of ICI treatment is unknown. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the time to relapse after discontinuation of ICI in MCC patients.MethodsWe analyzed 20 patients with metastatic MCC who have been retrospectively enrolled at eleven skin cancer centers in Germany. These patients have received ICI therapy and showed as best overall response (BOR) at least a stable disease (SD) upon ICI therapy. All patients have discontinued ICI therapy for other reasons than disease progression. Data on treatment duration, tumor response, treatment cessation, response durability, and tumor relapse were recorded.ResultsOverall, 12 of 20 patients (60%) with MCC relapsed after discontinuation of ICI. The median response durability was 10.0 months. Complete response (CR) as BOR to ICI-treatment was observed in six patients, partial response (PR) in eleven, and SD in three patients. Disease progression was less frequent in patients with CR (2/6 patients relapsed) as compared to patients with PR (7/11) and SD (3/3), albeit the effect of initial BOR on the response durability was below statistical significance. The median duration of ICI therapy was 10.0 months. Our results did not show a correlation between treatment duration and the risk of relapse after treatment withdrawal. Major reasons for discontinuation of ICI therapy were CR (20%), adverse events (35%), fatigue (20%), or patient decision (25%). Discontinuation of ICI due to adverse events resulted in progressive disease (PD) in 71% of patients regardless of the initial response. A re-induction of ICI was initiated in 8 patients upon tumor progression. We observed a renewed tumor response in 4 of these 8 patients. Notably, all 4 patients showed an initial BOR of at least PR.ConclusionOur results from this contemporary cohort of patients with metastatic MCC indicate that MCC patients are at higher risk of relapse after discontinuation of ICI as compared to melanoma patients. Notably, the risk of disease progression after discontinuation of ICI treatment is lower in patients with initial CR (33%) as compared to patients with initial PR (66%) or SD (100%). Upon tumor progression, re-induction of ICI is a feasible option. Our data suggest that the BOR to initial ICI therapy might be a potential predictive clinical marker for a successful re-induction.
Combined vaccine-immune-checkpoint inhibition constitutes a promising strategy for treatment of dMMR tumors
Authors: Salewski Inken , Kuntoff Steffen , Kuemmel Andreas , Feldtmann Rico , Felix Stephan B. , Henze Larissa , Junghanss Christian , Maletzki Claudia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Mlh1-knock-out-driven mismatch-repair-deficient (dMMR) tumors can be targeted immunologically. By applying therapeutic tumor vaccination, tumor growth is delayed but escape mechanisms evolve, including upregulation of immune-checkpoint molecules (LAG-3, PD-L1). To counteract immune escape, we investigated the therapeutic activity of a combined tumor vaccine-immune-checkpoint inhibitor therapy using α-PD-L1.

Design
In this trial, Mlh1-knock-out mice with established gastrointestinal tumors received single or thrice injections of α-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody clone 6E11 (2.5 mg/kg bw, q2w, i.v.) either alone or in combination with the vaccine. Longitudinal flow cytometry and PET/CT imaging studies were followed by ex vivo functional immunological and gene expression assays.

Results
6E11 monotherapy slightly increased median overall survival (mOS: 6.0 weeks vs. control 4.0 weeks). Increasing the number of injections (n = 3) improved therapy outcome (mOS: 9.2 weeks) and was significantly boosted by combining 6E11 with the vaccine (mOS: 19.4 weeks vs. 10.2 weeks vaccine monotherapy). Accompanying PET/CT imaging confirmed treatment-induced tumor growth control, with the strongest inhibition in the combination group. Three mice (30%) achieved a complete remission and showed long-term survival. Decreased levels of circulating splenic and intratumoral myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and decreased numbers of immune-checkpoint-expressing splenic T cells (LAG-3, CTLA-4) accompanied therapeutic effects. Gene expression and protein analysis of residual tumors revealed downregulation of PI3K/Akt/Wnt-and TGF-signaling, leading to T cell infiltration, reduced numbers of macrophages, neutrophils and MDSC.

Conclusions
By successful uncoupling of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, we provide further evidence for the safe and successful application of immunotherapies to combat dMMR-driven malignancies that warrants further investigation.
A historical review and bibliometric analysis of research on fracture nonunion in the last three decades
Authors: Giannoudis Peter V. , Chloros George D. , Ho Yuh-Shan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Nonunion continues to be the most frequent and challenging complication to treat following fracture fixation. Herein, we carried out a bibliometric analysis aiming to identify the key researchers, centres and research trends developed during the past 30 years in this important clinical condition.

Methods
The Science Citation Index Expanded database and the Web of Science Core Collection were interrogated for manuscripts published between 1990 and 2019 in the topic domain, utilising title, abstract, author keywords and KeyWords Plus. Overall, such citation indicators were used as TCyear, Cyear and CPPyear to help analyse the identified manuscripts.

Results
Over the prespecified period, there was a steady increase in the number of articles published in fracture nonunion. In total, 12 languages were the primary languages in the documents, with English being the most prevalent. The CPP sharply increased to reach a plateau in three full years and up to a peak in ten full years. A total of 8976 nonunion-related articles in Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) were published in 790 journals. The 8976 articles were published by 26,079 authors among 101 different countries. There is a slightly fluctuating steady increase of articles from 116 in 1991 to 201 in 2003, and thereafter, the number of articles sharply increased to reach a plateau in 2015. Seven possible main research foci in nonunion-related research were identified including: epidemiology, classification, aetiology, diagnosis/prediction, treatment modalities, functional outcomes and health economics.

Conclusions
This bibliometric analysis revealed information on citation number, publication outputs, categories, journals, institutions, countries, research highlights and tendencies. The current research activity on fracture nonunion identified key opinion leaders and leading research institutions focusing on this important clinical condition. It is hoped that the informed included will aid to guide research work in the foreseeable future.
Multi-objective hybrid genetic algorithm for task scheduling problem in cloud computing
Authors: Pirozmand Poria , Hosseinabadi Ali Asghar Rahmani , Farrokhzad Maedeh , Sadeghilalimi Mehdi , Mirkamali Seyedsaeid , Slowik Adam 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe cloud computing systems are sorts of shared collateral structure which has been in demand from its inception. In these systems, clients are able to access existing services based on their needs and without knowing where the service is located and how it is delivered, and only pay for the service used. Like other systems, there are challenges in the cloud computing system. Because of a wide array of clients and the variety of services available in this system, it can be said that the issue of scheduling and, of course, energy consumption is essential challenge of this system. Therefore, it should be properly provided to users, which minimizes both the cost of the provider and consumer and the energy consumption, and this requires the use of an optimal scheduling algorithm. In this paper, we present a two-step hybrid method for scheduling tasks aware of energy and time called Genetic Algorithm and Energy-Conscious Scheduling Heuristic based on the Genetic Algorithm. The first step involves prioritizing tasks, and the second step consists of assigning tasks to the processor. We prioritized tasks and generated primary chromosomes, and used the Energy-Conscious Scheduling Heuristic model, which is an energy-conscious model, to assign tasks to the processor. As the simulation results show, these results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has been able to outperform other methods.
Variation of salinity and nitrogen concentration affects the pentacyclic triterpenoid inventory of the haloalkaliphilic aerobic methanotrophic bacterium Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum
Authors: Cordova-Gonzalez Alexmar , Birgel Daniel , Kappler Andreas , Peckmann Jörn 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe occurrence and activity of aerobic methanotrophs are influenced by environmental conditions, including pH, temperature, salinity, methane and oxygen concentrations, and nutrient availability. Aerobic methanotrophs synthesize a variety of lipids important for cell functions. However, culture-based experiments studying the influence of environmental parameters on lipid production by aerobic methanotrophs are scarce. Such information is crucial to interpret lipid patterns of methanotrophic bacteria in the environment. In this study, the alkaliphilic strain Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum was cultivated under different salinities and different nitrate concentrations to assess the effect of changing conditions on the inventory of pentacyclic triterpenoids. The results indicate that hopanoid abundance is enhanced at lower salinity and higher nitrate concentration. The production of most pentacyclic triterpenoids was favored at low salinity, especially for aminotriol. Interestingly, 3-methyl-aminotetrol and tetrahymanol were favored at higher salinity. Bacteriohopanepolyols (BHPs), particularly aminotriol and 3-methyl-aminotriol, increased considerably at higher nitrate concentrations. Four novel N-containing BHPs—aminodiol, 3-methyl-aminodiol, and isomers of aminotriol and 3-methyl-aminotriol—were identified. This study highlights the significance of environmental factors for bacterial lipid production and documents the need for cultivation studies under variable conditions to utilize the full potential of the biomarker concept.
Data-Seeking Behaviour in the Social Sciences
Authors: Krämer Thomas , Papenmeier Andrea , Carevic Zeljko , Kern Dagmar , Mathiak Brigitte 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurpose Publishing research data for reuse has become good practice in recent years. However, not much is known on how researchers actually find said data. In this exploratory study, we observe the information-seeking behaviour of social scientists searching for research data to reveal impediments and identify opportunities for data search infrastructure.Methods We asked 12 participants to search for research data and observed them in their natural environment. The sessions were recorded. Afterwards, we conducted semi-structured interviews to get a thorough understanding of their way of searching. From the recordings, we extracted the interaction behaviour of the participants and analysed the spoken words both during the search task and the interview by creating affinity diagrams.Results We found that literature search is more closely intertwined with dataset search than previous literature suggests. Both the search itself and the relevance assessment are very complex, and many different strategies are employed, including the creatively “misuse” of existing tools, since no appropriate tools exist or are unknown to the participants.Conclusion Many of the issues we found relate directly or indirectly to the application of the FAIR principles, but some, like a greater need for dataset search literacy, go beyond that. Both infrastructure and tools offered for dataset search could be tailored more tightly to the observed work processes, particularly by offering more interconnectivity between datasets, literature, and other relevant materials.
Capturing the footprints of ground motion in the spatial distribution of rainfall-induced landslides
Authors: Tanyaş Hakan , Kirschbaum Dalia , Lombardo Luigi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe coupled effect of earthquakes and rainfall is rarely investigated in landslide susceptibility assessments although it could be crucial to predict landslide occurrences. This is even more critical in the context of early warning systems and especially in cases of extreme precipitation regimes in post-seismic conditions, where the rock masses are already damaged due to the ground shaking. Here, we investigate this concept by accounting for the legacy of seismic ground shaking in rainfall-induced landslide (RFIL) scenarios. We do this to identify whether ground shaking plays a role in the susceptibility to post-seismic rainfall-induced landslides and to identify whether this legacy effect persists through time. With this motivation, we use binary logistic regression and examine time series of landslides associated with four earthquakes occurred in Indonesia: 2012 Sulawesi (Mw= 6.3), 2016 Reuleut (Mw= 6.5), 2017 Kasiguncu (Mw= 6.6) and 2018 Palu (Mw= 7.5) earthquakes. The dataset includes one co-seismic and three post-seismic landslide inventories for each earthquake. We use the peak ground acceleration map of the last strongest earthquake in each case as a predisposing factor of landslides representing the effect of ground shaking. We observe that, at least for the study areas under consideration and in a probabilistic context, the earthquake legacy contributes to increase the post-seismic RFIL susceptibility. This positive contribution decays through time. Specifically, we observe that ground motion is a significant predisposing factor controlling the spatial distribution of RFIL in the post-seismic period 110 days after an earthquake. We also show that this effect dissipates within 3 years at most.
Disentangling the taxonomic status and phylogeographic structure of Marmora’s (Curruca sarda) and Balearic Warbler (Curruca balearica): a genetic multi-marker approach
Authors: Nespoli Davide , Pellegrino Irene , Galaverni Marco , Caniglia Romolo , Sunyer Joseph , Mengoni Chiara , Randi Ettore , Galimberti Andrea , Rubolini Diego , Spina Fernando , Gargallo Gabriel , Brambilla Mattia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMarmora’s Warbler (Curruca sarda) and Balearic Warbler (C. balearica) are allopatric sibling species and were recently split mostly based on morphological and ethological characteristics. Here we provide the first phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses of this species complex to support the taxonomic status of C. sarda and C. balearica in light of integrative taxonomy. We sampled the two taxa in most of their breeding ranges and we sequenced three mitochondrial and one nuclear gene region. All C. balearica individuals had private haplotypes for the four markers and formed monophyletic clades. Genetic distances between the two taxa were comparable with those found between other species belonging to the Curruca genus. Furthermore, most of the genetic variance was expressed at the interspecific level, rather than between different populations within taxa or between individuals within populations. Our results strongly support the current taxonomic status of these two warblers as distinct species.
NODE: a large‐scale seismic risk prioritization tool for Italy based on nominal structural performance
Authors: Petruzzelli Fabio , Iervolino Iunio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPrioritization of seismic risk mitigation at a large scale requires rough-input methodologies able to provide an expedited, yet conventional, assessment of the seismic risk corresponding to the portfolio of interest. In fact, an evaluation of seismic vulnerability at regional level by means of mechanics-based methods is generally only feasible for a fraction of the portfolio, selected according to prioritization criteria, due to the sheer volume of information and computational effort required. Therefore, conventional assessment of seismic risk via simple indices has been proposed in literature and in some guidelines, mainly based on the comparison of code requirements at the time of design and current seismic demand. These indices represent an attempt to define a relative seismic risk measure for a rapid ranking to identify the part of the portfolio that deserves further investigation. Although these risk metrics are based on strong assumptions, they have the advantage of only requiring easy-to-retrieve data, such as design year and location as the bare minimum, making them suitable for applications within the risk analysis industry. Moreover, they can take both hazard and vulnerability into account, albeit conventionally, and can be manipulated in order to account for exposure in terms of individual or societal risks. In the present study, the main assumptions, limitations, and possible evolutions of existing prioritization approaches to nominal risk are reviewed, with specific reference to the Italian case. Furthermore, this article presents the software NODE (available to interested readers), which enables the computation of location-specific code-based seismic performance demands, according to the Italian code and the evolution of seismic classification since 1909. Finally, this study intends to contribute to the ongoing debate on strategies for large-scale seismic assessment for building stock management purposes.