bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Health and Ecological Risks Due Exposure to Particulate Matter (PM 2.5) and the Occurrence of Lung Disease Among School Children in Maros, Indonesia
Authors: Mallongi Anwar , Stang Stang , Rauf Annisa Utami , Dwi Ratna 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Assessments and evaluations of particle characteristics (PM) from various sources, become very important to protect humans and the environment. The purpose of this study was to assess the environmental and children health risks due to exposure to breathing air containing PM of 2.5 from the cement industry around the settlement. Research Methods: The method used in data analysis is linear regression statistical test to determine the relationship between PM2.5 air quality with outdoor activities by children and respiratory disorders experienced. Health risk analysis and environmental risk were calculated using the equations provided by the EPA and WHO. To determine the magnitude of risk received by the environment and children if exposed to PM2.5 within a certain period of time. Direct measurements in the field were carried out in the morning until noon, with 23 sample points measured level of PM 2.5 pollution during June 2021. Results: The measurement results showed that the highest level of PM 2.5 concentration at the time of measurement was at station 10 in Bungaeja Elementary School, station 17 in Tukamasea Village and station 18 at Miftahul Rahman Mosque, Tukamasea Village with values ​​of 0.490, 0.466 and 0.455 mg/m3 respectively. While the lowest is in the location; Salenrang Bontoa Village 1 with a value (0.060), Baruga Village, Near Factory Truck Parking (0.060), and in Salenrang Bontoa Village 2 (0.0905). The results of laboratory analysis for soil samples from 23 points in the research location showed that the highest points were respectively located at the station near the Jabal Rahmah Mosque, Maccini Baji Village, with a concentration of (2876), in the Mattoangin area (2358) and in Dusun Manarang, Tukamasea ( 2158). On the other hand, the lowest was in Pajjaiyang Hamlet (1083), Bungaeja Village, Tukamasea (1190), and Ammansangeng, Baruga (1263). The calculation of the Potential Hazard Quotient (HQ) for the highest inhalation route is 880.78, and 852.43 while the lowest is 82.88 and 92.83. Furthermore, for the HQ value via the dermal route, the highest values ​​were 0.012 and 0.011 while the lowest HQ values ​​were 0.003 and 0.004 all without units. The results of the calculation of ecological risk for ambient air show that the highest and most risky values ​​are 7.54 and 7.15 while the lowest are 0.92 and 1.46 units less. Furthermore, the highest ecological risk values ​​for soil intake were 287 and 235 while the lowest were 119 and 126 without units. Conclusion: Health risks through the inhalation route all exceed the standard >1 and the potential for pulmonary disorders in children can occur, while the risk from the dermal route is still <1 which means it is still safe. most of the children that frequently expose to dust of PM 2.5 have experienced to suffer from lung diseases and at risk.
What Fuels Suboptimal Care of Peripheral Intravenous Catheter-related Infections in Hospitals? – a Qualitative Study of Decision-making Among Spanish Nurses
Authors: Blanco-Mavillard Ian , Castro-Sánchez Enrique , Parra-García Gaizka , Rodríguez-Calero Miguel Ángel , Bennasar-Veny Miquel , Fernández-Fernández Ismael , Lorente-Neches Harri , De Pedro-Gómez Joan Ernest 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVC) are commonly used in hospital worldwide. However, PIVC are not exempt from complications. Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) increase morbidity and mortality rates, and costs for the healthcare organization. PIVC care is shaped by the complex mix of professional and organizational culture, such as knowledge gaps, low perception of impact of PIVCs on patient safety, or lack of hospital guidelines.Aim: To explore determinants of decision-making about the prevention of PIVC-BSI among nurses in Spanish hospitals.Methods: We conducted a descriptive qualitative study with semi-structured interviews in three public hospitals, the Balearic Islands Health Care Service in Spain. We considered hospital ward nurses working routinely with inpatients at any of the three hospitals for enrolment in the study. We approached relevant informants to identify suitable participants who recruited other participants through a ‘snowball’ technique. Fourteen inpatient nurses from the hospital took part in this study between September and November 2018. We employed several triangulation strategies to underpin the methodological rigour of our analysis and conducted the member checking, showing the information and codes applied in the recording of the interviews to identify the coherence and any discrepancies of the discourse by participants. We used the COREQ checklist for this study.Findings: We identified four major themes in the analysis related to determinants of care: The fog of decision-making in PIVC; The taskification of PIVC care; PIVC care is accepted to be suboptimal, yet irrelevant; and PIVC care gaps may reflect behavioural shortcomings, yet solutions proposed to involve education and training. Conclusion: The clinical management of PIVCs appear ambiguous, unclear, and fragmented, with no clear professional responsibility and no nurse leadership, causing a gap in preventing infections. Furthermore, the perception of low risk on PIVC care impact can cause a relevant lack of adherence to the best evidence and patient safety. Implementing facilitation strategies could improve the fidelity of the best available evidence regarding PIVC care and raise awareness among nurses of impact that excellence of care.
Endplate Abnormalities in Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy and Association with Pre- and Post-operative(Single-level ACDF with a Zero-P Implant)Sagittal Parameters and Clinical Outcomes.
Authors: Liu Zhen , Li Ruo-yu , Wang Zheng , Yang Da-Long , Ding Wenyuan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background:Endplate abnormalities in cervical spine were closed related to pre- and post-operative symptoms, and might lead to a certain complication. However, the related researches are few, and the associations between endplate abnormalities and clinical outcomes need more evidence. Correlations between endplate abnormalities and pre- and post-operative cervical sagittal parameters also remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore endplate abnormalities in cervical spondylotic myelopathy, and to find potential associations of endplate abnormalities with preoperative cervical sagittal parameters, disc degeneration and symptoms, and clinical outcomes after ACDF.Method:We enrolled 65 patients (34 males, 31 females) who were diagnosed with CSM and were subjected to single-level ACDF with a Zero-P implant at our hospital from 2015 to 2018. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether the endplate was abnormal.We conducted a retrospective study to compare the clinical and radiological results among the two groups.Results:The average age in endplate abnormality group was higher than it in no abnormality group (P<0.001). T1S was significantly higher in abnormality group than in the normal group of preoperative (P<0.05) and kept significantly different from postoperative and 1 year follow up (P<0.05). No significantly different was found between the two groups as for CA, cSVA, intervertebral height and preventable soft-tissue thickness. The incidence rate of interbody cage subsidence was 25.9% in 2 years follow up, which was significantly higher than that in the normal group (P<0.05). The fusion rate in endplate abnormality group was 89%. No significantly difference was found between the two groups. The Miyazaki grade of the disc in endplate abnormality group was significantly higher than it in the normal group (P<0.01).Significant difference was detected on NDI between the two groups.Conclusions: Endplate abnormalities in cervical spondylotic myelopathy were associated with older age, disc degeneration, decrease of intervertebral height and increase of TS before cervical surgery. Patients in endplate abnormality group showed increase in NDI pre- and post-operation, and more phenomenon of subsidence.
Assessing Variability in Segmentation Algorithms for 3D Printing at the Point of Care
Authors: Fogarasi Magdalene , Coburn James C , Ripley Beth 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: 3D Printing (3DP) has enabled medical professionals to create patient specific medical devices to assist in surgical planning. Anatomical models can be generated from patient scans using a wide array of software, but there are limited studies on the geometric variance that is introduced during the digital conversion of images to model. Final accuracy of the 3D printed model is a function of manufacturing hardware quality control and the variability introduced during the multiple digital steps that convert patient scans to a printable format. This study provides a brief summary of common algorithms used for segmentation and their principal features. We also identify critical parameters and steps in the workflow where geometric variation may be introduced. We then provide suggested methods to measure or reduce the variation and mitigate these risks. Methods: Using a clinical head CT scan of a mandible containing a tumor, we performed segmentations in four separate programs using workflows optimized for each. Differences in segmentation were calculated using several techniques.Results: Visual inspection of print-ready models showed distinct differences in the thickness of the medial wall of the mandible adjacent to the tumor. Residual volumes were calculated to generate pairwise agreement and disagreement percentages between each as program’s model. For the relevant ROIs, statistically significant differences were found globally in the volume and surface area comparisons between final bone and tumor models, as well locally between nerve centroid measurements – major variance introduced due to workflow is highlighted in difference heat maps. As with all clinical use cases, statistically significant results must be weighed against the clinical significance of any deviations found. Conclusions: Statistically significant geometric variations can be introduced to patient specific models from differences in software applications. The global and local variations should be evaluated for a full understanding of geometric variations. The clinical implications of these variations vary by anatomical location and should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis by certified clinicians. Understanding the basic functions of segmentation and 3D print preparation software is essential for users intending to adopt the use of patient specific models for clinical intervention or decision making.
Spinal Cord Microstructural Changes are Connected with the Aberrant Sensorimotor Cortical Oscillatory Activity in Adults with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Trevarrow Michael P. , Reelfs Anna , Baker Sarah E. , Hoffman Rashelle M. , Wilson Tony W. , Kurz Max J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Previous animal models have illustrated that reduced cortical activity in the developing brain has cascading activity-dependent effects on the microstructural organization of the spinal cord. A limited number of studies have attempted to translate these findings to humans with cerebral palsy (CP). Essentially, the aberrations in sensorimotor cortical activity in those with CP could have an adverse effect on the spinal cord microstructure. To investigate this knowledge gap, we utilized magnetoencephalographic (MEG) brain imaging to quantify motor-related oscillatory activity in fourteen adults with CP and sixteen healthy controls. Participants also underwent cervical-thoracic spinal cord MRI. Our results showed that the strength of the peri-movement beta desynchronization and the post-movement beta rebound were each weaker in the adults with CP relative to the controls, and these weakened responses were associated with poorer task performance. Additionally, our results showed that the strength of the peri-movement beta response was associated with the total cross-sectional area of the spinal cord and the white matter cross-sectional area. Altogether these results suggest that the altered sensorimotor cortical activity seen in CP may result in activity-dependent plastic changes within the spinal cord microstructure, which could ultimately contribute to the sensorimotor deficits seen in this population.
Particle Generation to Minimize the Computing Time of the Discrete Element Method for Particle Packing Simulation
Authors: Nam Jinsu , Lyu Jaehee , Park Junyoung 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
There are computation time constraints caused by the number and size of particles in the powder packing simulation using DEM. In this paper, newly suggested packing model transforms a general packing sequence –particle generation, stack, and compression – into particle generation and packing by growing particles. To verify the new packing model, it was compared using three contact models widely used in DEM, in terms of Radial Distribution Function, porosity, and Coordination Number. As a result, contact between particles showed a similar trend, and the pore distribution was also similar. Using the new packing model can reduce simulation time by 400% compared to the normal packing model without any other coarse graining methods. This model has only been applied to particle packing simulations in this paper, but it can be expanded to other simulations with complex domain based on DEM.
Subclinical Abnormal Coagulation in Periprosthetic Joint Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Li Hao , Fu Jun , Chai Wei , Xu Chi , Hao Libo , Chen Jiying 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background：Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a serious complication of total joint arthroplasty and often indicate disastrous outcomes. However, the change of coagulation profile in PJI patients has not been explored up to now. Therefore, we performed a single-center retrospective cohort study to determine: 1) the coagulation profile in PJI patients 2) the diagnostic efficacy of coagulation profile for PJI diagnosis based on the MSIS criteria.Methods: Between 2016 January and 2018 December, a total of 371 patients receiving joint revisions were included in this cohort study. The corresponding medical records were scrutinized to establish the final diagnosis of PJI according to the 2014 MSIS criteria. The difference of coagulation profile between PJI and aseptic loosening patients was analyzed. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine the proper sensitivity and specificity of coagulation makers.Results: The levels of APTT, D-dimer, plasma fibrinogen, INR and Platelet Count in PJI group were significantly higher than that in non-PJI group(P<0.05). The AUCs of plasma APTT, plasma D-dimer, plasma fibrinogen and platelet count for PJI diagnosis were0.625(95%CI:(0.543,0.706)),0.731(95%CI:(0.656,0.806)),0.831(95%CI:(0.771,0.890)) and 0.733(95%CI:(0.660,0.805)), respectively. Moreover, the coagulation profile was combined by logistic model and the corresponding AUC was0.865(95%CI:(0.812,0.918)).Conclusions: Despite relatively normal coagulation profile, PJI patients suffer from subclinical abnormal coagulation compared to non-PJI patients. The coagulation profile (APTT, INR, plasma fibrinogen, platelet count, D-dimer) in PJI patients is different from that in non-PJI patients significantly. And the coagulation profile can play a role in PJI diagnosis.
Does Mechanical Threshold Inspiratory Muscle Training Promote Recovery and Improve Outcomes in Ventilator-Dependent ICU Patients? The IMPROVE Randomised Trial.
Authors: Bissett Bernie , Leditschke I Anne , Neeman Teresa , Green Margot , Marzano Vince , Erwin Katie , Haren Frank MP van , Boots Robert , Paratz Jennifer 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: In ventilator-dependent ICU patients, inspiratory muscle training may improve inspiratory muscle strength and accelerate liberation from the ventilator, but optimal training parameters are yet to be established and little is known about the impact of inspiratory muscle training on quality of life or dyspnea. Thus we sough to ascertain whether inspiratory muscle training, commenced while ventilator-dependent, would improve outcomes for ICU patients invasively ventilated for 7 days or longer.Methods: In this randomized trial with assessor-blinding and intention-to-treat analysis, 70 participants (mechanically ventilated ≥7 days) were randomized to receive once- daily supervised high-intensity inspiratory muscle training with a mechanical threshold device in addition to usual care, or usual care (control). Primary outcomes were inspiratory muscle strength (maximum inspiratory pressure % predicted) and endurance (fatigue resistance index) at ventilator-liberation and 1 week later, and quality of life (SF-36v2, EQ-5D). Secondary outcomes included dyspnea, physical function, duration of ventilation and in-hospital mortality.Results: 33 participants were randomly allocated to the training group and 37 to control. There were no statistically significant differences in strength (maximum inspiratory pressure) (95% CI -7.4 to 14.0) or endurance (fatigue resistance index) (95% CI -0.003 to 0.436). Quality of life improved significantly more in the training group than control (EQ5D 17.2; 95% CI 1.3-33.0) (SF36-PCS 6.97; 96%CI 1.96-12.00). Only the training group demonstrated significant reductions in dyspnea (-1.5 at rest, -1.9 during exercise). There were no between-group differences in duration of ventilation or other measures. In-hospital mortality was higher in the control group than the training group (9 vs 4, 24% vs 12%, p=0.23).Conclusions: In ventilator-dependent patients, mechanical threshold loading inspiratory muscle training improves quality of life and dyspnea, even in the absence of strength improvements or acceleration of ventilator liberation. Trial registration: ACTRN12610001089022 https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12610001089022Trial protocol: http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/2/2/e000813.full
Gray wolf optimizer with bubble-net predation for modeling FCCU main fractionator
Authors: Wang Xiaojing , Su Chengli , Wang Ning , Shi Huiyuan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
FCCU main fractionator is a complex system with multivariable, nonlinear and uncertainty. Its modeling is a hard nut to crack. In this work, the gray wolf optimization with bubble-net predation (GWO_BP) is proposed for solving this complex optimization problem. In order to enhance the global search ability and accelerate the convergence speed, the bubble-net predation of whale search scheme is applied to update the head wolf position. And the improved Lé vy flight is used to update the positions of wolfpack for overcoming the disadvantage of easily falling into local optimum. The GWO_BP is compared with basic GWO, PSO with some typical test functions and the parameter estimation of FCCU main fractionation model. The experiment results show the effectiveness of the GWO_BP.
Carbon Monoxide-Neuroglobin Axis Targeting Metabolism Against Neuroinflammation
Authors: Dias-Pedroso Daniela , Ramalho José S. , Sardão Vilma A. , Jones John G. , Romão Carlos C. , Oliveira Paulo J. , Vieira Helena L.A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Microglia are the immune competent cell of the central nervous system (CNS), promoting brain homeostasis and regulating inflammatory response against infection and injury. Chronic or exacerbated neuroinflammation is a cause of damage in several brain pathologies. Endogenous carbon monoxide (CO), produced from the degradation of heme, is described as anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory in several contexts, including in the CNS. Neuroglobin (Ngb) is a haemoglobin-homologous protein, which upregulation triggers antioxidant defence and prevents neuronal apoptosis. Thus, we hypothesized a crosstalk between CO and Ngb, in particular, that the anti-neuroinflammatory role of CO in microglia depends on Ngb. A novel CO-releasing molecule (ALF826) based on molybdenum was used for delivering CO in microglial culture.BV-2 mouse microglial cell line was challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for triggering inflammation, and after 6h ALF826 was added. CO exposure limited inflammation by decreasing inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and the production of nitric oxide (NO) and tumour necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), and by increasing interleukine-10 (IL-10) release. CO-induced Ngb upregulation correlated in time with CO’s anti-inflammatory effect. Moreover, knocking down Ngb reversed the anti-inflammatory effect of CO, suggesting that dependents on Ngb expression. CO-induced Ngb upregulation was independent on ROS signalling, but partially dependent on the transcriptional factor SP1. Finally, microglial cell metabolism is also involved in the inflammatory response. In fact, LPS treatment decreased oxygen consumption in microglia, indicating a switch to glycolysis, which is associated with a proinflammatory. While CO treatment increased oxygen consumption, reverting LPS effect and indicating a metabolic shift into a more oxidative metabolism. Moreover, in the absence of Ngb this phenotype was no longer observed, indicating Ngb is needed for CO’s modulation of microglial metabolism. Finally, the metabolic shift induced by CO did not depend on alteration of mitochondrial population. In conclusion, neuroglobin emerges for the first time as a key player for CO signalling against exacerbated neuroinflammation in microglia.
The Use of SMART Goals to Create Attainable Health Actions at Community Health Screenings
Authors: Jensen Katherine , Canfield Jacob , Hernandez Lessly , Stone Melanie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

Frontera de Salud is a student-run, interprofessional health organization that delivers primary care to underserved populations in South Texas. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the effectiveness of, and longitudinal adherence to, SMART (specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, time bound) goals created with clients during the Frontera counseling session.
Methods

Prior to a trip, Frontera personnel received training on developing SMART goals. During the counseling session of the health screening, after a client had undergone tests to measure blood sugar and lipids, a Frontera counselor would create a personalized SMART goal with the client. Several months after the initial health screening, the Frontera client was contacted via phone call to discuss adherence to their SMART goal.
Results

Of a sample of 150 client records, 58 (38.7%) of those clients were able to be reached via phone call. Of those 58 clients, 38 (65.5%) reported adherence to the SMART goal created during their Frontera counseling session. For those 38 clients, 18 had a diet-related goal (47.4%), 3 had an exercise-related goal (7.9%) and 13 (34.2%) had a goal that encompassed both diet and exercise.
Conclusions

Among clients contacted for follow-up, almost two-thirds reported adherence to their SMART goal. The most efficacious goals were diet-related. Of concern, only 38.7% of clients were able to be reached for follow-up.