bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Megahertz-rate digital holography system
Authors: Mansoor M. M. , Trolinger J. D. , George J. 
Published: February 2021

Given the need for a simple and fieldable diagnostic that can enable
the study of ultrahigh-speed phenomena in three dimensions, this work
presents experiments and simulations to optimize and demonstrate a
digital in-line holography system with an acquisition rate of 1
million frames per second. The system is used to study the collision
of a supersonic projectile and its bow shock with 1 mm diameter water
droplets. The holograms acquired are three-dimensionally reconstructed
and de-twinned to analyze shock wave phenomena in these supersonic
impact events and demonstrate the potential of ultrahigh-speed digital
holography as a robust technique to probe complex shock wave dynamics
and droplet breakup.
Numerical investigation into the output performance of a silicon Raman laser based on a silicon-on-insulator waveguide pumped by 2  µm lasers
Authors: Shao Zhenhua , Li Xuanxi , Wang Haotian , Zhu Heyuan , Shen Deyuan 
Published: February 2021

We numerically analyze the characteristics of a mid-infrared continuous-wave (CW) Raman laser in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) photonics circuits including standing-cavity and ring resonator configurations, which are pumped by lasers at 2 µm. The dependence of cascaded Raman laser performance on the cavity length, effective free carrier lifetime, and the power transmission is investigated for the optimization of CW Raman silicon standing-cavity lasers. In addition, the mid-infrared Raman laser in the ring resonator is also presented under different parameters; in particular, the coupling strengths between the bus waveguide and the ring resonator for both the pump and Raman lasers are crucial to the laser performance. The numerical simulation results also reveal that the position of the coupler for extracting the Raman light from the ring resonator plays an important role in optimizing the structures of such Raman lasers.
The cost-effectiveness of prostate cancer screening using the Stockholm3 test
Authors: Karlsson Andreas A. , Hao Shuang , Jauhiainen Alexandra , Elfström K. Miriam , Egevad Lars , Nordström Tobias , Heintz Emelie , Clements Mark S. 
Published: February 2021

Objectives
The European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer found that prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening reduced prostate cancer mortality, however the costs and harms from screening may outweigh any mortality reduction. Compared with screening using the PSA test alone, using the Stockholm3 Model (S3M) as a reflex test for PSA ≥ 1 ng/mL has the same sensitivity for Gleason score ≥ 7 cancers while the relative positive fractions for Gleason score 6 cancers and no cancer were 0.83 and 0.56, respectively. The cost-effectiveness of the S3M test has not previously been assessed.

Methods
We undertook a cost-effectiveness analysis from a lifetime societal perspective. Using a microsimulation model, we simulated for: (i) no prostate cancer screening; (ii) screening using the PSA test; and (iii) screening using the S3M test as a reflex test for PSA values ≥ 1, 1.5 and 2 ng/mL. Screening strategies included quadrennial re-testing for ages 55–69 years performed by a general practitioner. Discounted costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated.

Results
Comparing S3M with a reflex threshold of 2 ng/mL with screening using the PSA test, S3M had increased effectiveness, reduced lifetime biopsies by 30%, and increased societal costs by 0.4%. Relative to the PSA test, the S3M reflex thresholds of 1, 1.5 and 2 ng/mL had ICERs of 170,000, 60,000 and 6,000 EUR/QALY, respectively. The S3M test was more cost-effective at higher biopsy costs.

Conclusions
Prostate cancer screening using the S3M test for men with an initial PSA ≥ 2.0 ng/mL was cost-effective compared with screening using the PSA test alone.
Cancer cluster among small village residents near the fertilizer plant in Korea
Authors: Lim Hyungryul , Lee Yong-Han , Bae Sanghyuk , Koh Do-Hyun , Yoon Mira , Lee Bo-Eun , Kim Jeong-Soo , Kwon Ho-Jang 
Published: February 2021

Objectives
In Jang-jeom, a small village in Hamra-myeon, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea, residents raised concerns about a suspected cancer cluster that they attributed to a fertilizer plant near the village. We aimed to investigate whether the cancer incidence in the village was higher than that in the general Korean population when the factory was in operation (2001–2017) and whether living in the village was associated with a higher risk of cancer.

Methods
Using national population data and cancer registration data of South Korea, we estimated the standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) in the village to investigate whether more cancer cases occurred in the village compared to other regions. The SIRs were standardized by age groups of 5 years and sex. In order to investigate whether residence in the village increased the risk of cancer, a retrospective cohort was constructed using National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) databases. We estimated the cancer hazard ratios (HRs) using the Cox proportional hazard model, and defined the exposed area as the village of Jang-jeom, and the unexposed or control area as the village neighborhood in Hamra-myeon. We considered potential confounding variables such as age, sex, and income index in the models. Additionally, we measured polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), suspected carcinogens that may have caused the cancer cluster, in samples collected from the plant and the village.

Results
Twenty-three cancer cases occurred in Jang-jeom from 2001 to 2017. Between 2010 and 2016, the incidence rates of all cancers (SIR: 2.05, except thyroid cancer: 2.22), non-melanoma skin cancer (SIR: 21.14, female: 25.41), and gallbladder (GB) and biliary tract cancer in men (SIR: 16.01) in the village were higher than those in the national population in a way that was statistically significant. In our cohort analysis that included only Hamra-myeon residents who have lived there for more than 7 years, we found a statistically significant increase in the risk of all cancers (HR: 1.99, except thyroid cancer: 2.20), non-melanoma skin cancer (HR: 11.60), GB and biliary tract cancer (HR: 15.24), liver cancer (HR: 6.63), and gastric cancer (HR: 3.29) for Jang-jeom residents compared to other Hamra area residents. We identified PAHs and TSNAs in samples of deposited dust and residual fertilizer from the plant and TSNAs in dust samples from village houses.

Conclusions
The results of the SIR calculation and cancer risk analyses of Jang-jeom village residents from the retrospective cohort design showed consistency in the effect size and direction, suggesting that there was a cancer cluster in Jang-jeom. This study would be a good precedent for cancer cluster investigation.
Vom Maß der Zeit
Authors: Saur Markus 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Wie das Leben zu einem gelingenden Leben werden kann und wann die rechte Zeit für etwas sei, sind Grundfragen weisheitlichen Denkens. Kohelets Reflexionen über die Zeit bewegen sich in diesem Kontext und machen das konkrete Erleben von Zeit zum Ausgangspunkt. Auf empirischer Grundlage entwickelt Kohelet Deutungen der Zeit, die bei ihm immer handlungsleitend gewendet werden: Das Erleben und Deuten von Zeit hat Konsequenzen für die Gestaltung des Lebens als eines Zeitraums, in dem sich Gelingen ereignen kann.
Konzepte von Zeit und Ewigkeit in der Geschichte der Religionswissenschaft
Authors: Feldtkeller Andreas 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Die Geschichte der Religionswissenschaft lässt sich als Geschichte der fortschreitenden Säkularisierung einer Wissenschaftsdisziplin beschreiben. Diese These wird im vorliegenden Artikel dokumentiert durch die exemplarische Analyse des Umgangs mit den Themen »Zeit« und »Ewigkeit« bei Friedrich Max Müller (1870/74), Rudolf Otto (1917/36) und im »Handbuch religionswissenschaftlicher Grundbegriffe« (1988–2001).
Identity Construction in Academic Writing of Student Writers Who Use English as an Additional Language: A Literature Review1
Authors: He Fangzhi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAcademic writing is social interaction between writer and reader, during which writers can employ discursive and non-discursive features to construct their identities. However, many student writers who are users of English as an additional language (EAL) may find it challenging to construct their identities in academic writing. Properly constructed identity in academic writing can help EAL student writers develop a stronger sense of self, exercise their agency, and negotiate the academic discourse. Therefore, this paper reviews empirical studies on EAL student writers’ identity construction when they write in English to investigate the features of identities that EAL student writers construct in texts and the factors that influence their identity construction. The findings show that, compared with expert writers and native-English-speaking (NES) counterparts, EAL student writers tend to present a weak authorial identity. Furthermore, EAL student writers tend to be more engaged with texts than with readers and lack commitment to their claims. The identities that EAL student writers construct in academic writing are also interwoven with EAL students’ English proficiency levels, educational experience, disciplinary conventions, genre affordances, and audience awareness. The findings of this literature review can help teachers and educators raise EAL students’ identity awareness and facilitate students in strategically constructing writer identities in academic writing.
Vom »aer perso« zum »giallo de la rosa sempiterna«: Farbabstufungen von Luft und Erde in der ›Landschaft‹ der Commedia
Authors: Ippolito Antonella 
Published: February 2021

Riassunto
Il contributo prende in esame gli effetti cromatici associati nella Divina Commedia alla rappresentazione di aria e terra. Partendo dalle premesse teoriche alla base della concezione dantesca del colore, come pure dal rapporto con la concezione patristica e medievale che vede nell’aer caliginosus la sede delle potenze diaboliche, si mostrano i connotati metaforici dell’oscurità e della densità dell’aria, che rinviano alla correlazione tra tenebre e peccato, ma anche, in un’ottica filosofica, tra tenebre e lontananza dal vero. Riferimenti a precise tonalità acquistano inoltre una funzione chiave che rivela i livelli di significato interni al testo, in relazione all’impianto metaforico dell’intero poema. Nel corso dell’analisi, inoltre, uno sguardo ad una selezione di esempi consente di osservare come gli aspetti discussi si riflettano nelle illustrazioni medievali della Commedia.
Il fuoco del cielo nella terra degli uomini
Authors: Ciccuto Marcello 
Published: February 2021

Riassunto
Dante widmet der Beschreibung von Naturphänomenen große Sorgfalt: ganz gleich, ob es um die Bewegung der Sterne oder um die Mondflecken, um geologische Formationen oder das Verhalten von Tieren, die Bewegungen der Erdkugel oder die vielfältigen Phänomene des Lichts geht.
Der Dichter, der seinen Blick auf die irdische Physik richtet, legt großen Wert auf die Kenntnis und Beschreibung des mundus elementatum – dies bereits in den Rime petrose, um nur ein Beispiel zu nennen. Nur scheinbar ist diese Welt von jeder sakralen oder himmlischen Perspektive deutlich abgeschieden (man denke nur an die Themen des Schattens oder des Winters, die alle Elemente der Physik miteinzubeziehen scheinen, oder an gewisse Stellen in Inferno XXIV und XXVI, wo die Bedeutung von Zeichen, die vom Himmel kommen, zwar bestätigt wird, diese aber zugleich so gelesen werden, als seien sie auf die irdische Welt projiziert); in Wirklichkeit trägt sie die Bedeutungen einer höheren, ›sakralen‹ Ebene fast immer schon vom Anfang an in sich. Das beste Beispiel dafür ist der berühmte Vergleich des villanello in Inferno XXVI, wo die Zeichen und Elemente der physischen Natur auf eine Lesart zugerichtet werden, die eher eine jenseitige Hoffnung ausdrückt denn menschliche Schläue. Die menschliche Kondition selbst, eingeschränkt auf begrenzte, ›niedere‹ Werte, erfährt in Dantes Reflexion eine regelrechte Umwertung: Einmal dort, wo es um den Unterschiede zwischen Machen und Erschaffen geht, einmal in der Diskussion über die Mondflecken, wo sich die bezwingende Vorstellung einer Sakralität, die – gut augustinisch – allen menschlichen Dingen innewohnt, einen Weg bahnt. Dieser Umstand wird an vielen Stellen der Commedia deutlich, an denen die Erscheinungsform des Feuers stets ein irdisches Vergleichsmoment mit sich führt. Bis am Ende alles seine deutlichste Auflösung in Beatrices Gesang erfährt, der den ganzen Kosmos in einer Perspektive erfasst, die sich endlich von der Höhe in die Tiefe richtet, um dann in einen Tanz der Sterne zu münden und in die Affirmation eines Feuers und eines Leuchtens, die ›anders‹ sind als die physischen Phänomene, auch wenn sie immer noch umgeben sind von einem Rest Nostalgie für das Menschliche, das nicht weniger werden wird, nicht einmal in der visio ultima des paradiesischen Feuers.
Dante verstehen und missverstehen: zu Karl Wittes Danteinterpretation
Authors: Bartuschat Johannes 
Published: February 2021

Riassunto
Karl Witte non è stato soltanto un grande filologo, considerato a giusto titolo come il fondatore della filologia dantesca moderna, ma anche un importante traduttore, commentatore e esegeta di Dante. Questo contributo si propone di individuare i presupposti del lavoro interpretativo di Witte e di caratterizzare il suo approccio critico analizzando i suoi saggi danteschi e le sue edizioni commentate della Commedia e delle Rime.
Discrepancies in Teachers’ Perceptions and Reported Practices: The Case of Written Feedback in an EFL Context
Authors: Saeli Hooman , Cheng An 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
As Ferris (2014) states, teachers have received insufficient research attention regarding their perceptions and practices of feedback. This study, therefore, was an attempt to qualitatively explore Iranian EFL teachers’ feedback-related perceptions and practices. In addition, the discrepancies between the reported perceptions and practices were examined. The data collection consisted of qualitative interviews with 14 teachers. The data analysis (i. e., data coding using the grounded theory approach) helped develop a coding scheme in which a number of thematic categories and subcategories were delineated with regard to feedback. The findings, accordingly, revealed some noteworthy discrepancies between the teachers’ perceptions and practices. For instance, although the teachers valued peer-feedback and selective correction, they reported providing teacher-generated feedback and comprehensive commentary on grammatical errors, respectively. Also, the teachers were aware of the importance of indirect methods of correction (e. g., to promote learner autonomy), but mostly gave explicit feedback on their students’ grammatical issues. Overall, we showed that these discrepancies primarily resulted from students’ expectations. We also discussed the findings in light of sociocultural considerations and the tenets of learner engagement with feedback.
A history of sermons and carrots but no sticks
Authors: Granfeldt Jonas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper is concerned with a historical analysis of educational policies on Modern languages or second foreign languages (SFLs) like French, German and Spanish in Sweden. Using a typology from policy instrument theory, colloquially phrased assermons,carrotsandsticks, the paper provides an historical overview and a discussion of acess policy objectives and policy instruments since 1945 with a particular focus on lower secondary school the last 20 years. The analysis shows that while policies and policy instruments naturally have varied over the last 70 years, there are also similarities. A finding is that in the domain of SFLs, sermons have not been perceived as enough, carrots have tended to lead to inequalities and sticks have been avoided.
The hit or miss guesswork figuring the deictic centre of the Russian patronymic
Authors: Korostenskienė Julija 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Set within the framework of Proximization Theory, which focuses on the construal of deixis (Chilton 2004, Cap 2006, 2010, 2013), the present study explores address terms (ATs) as used by the Russian-speaking minority in Lithuania (RuL). The collected data strongly suggest that forms of address of this ethnic group have shifted from the mainland standard Russian full name + patronymic to the full name only. Moreover, the previously consistently used polite form of address with the patronymic is now largely regarded as causing discomfort and consequently avoided, especially in mixed groups. The shift in address strategy is attributed to the deictic shift along the axiological axis in the mental representations of the speakers. The patronymic-less ATs, previously placed within the outside deictic centre are shown to be reanalyzed and placed within the interactants’ inside deictic centre. Hesitations in selecting a given AT, a potential issue between the interactants from different age groups, is indicative of the internal conflict of the speaker and their mental switching between the IDC and the ODC. The proposed analysis determines the placement of patronymic and name-only forms on the axiological axis and discusses implications for the differences in Anglo-Saxon and Russian terms for address study.
Introducing Chinese Hanzi at the beginning of teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language (CFL)
Authors: Yu Aihong , Geng Gretchen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The high dropout rate of students studying Chinese is a concern for educators in teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language (CFL). However, very limited studies have been undertaken to investigate the impact of the important part of CFL learning ‘Hanzi’ in the successful teaching and learning of CFL. This paper therefore investigated the rationale and significance of Hanzi’ instruction and the need to integrate Hanzi instruction into teaching of CFL from the very beginning of teaching CFL. Readers will find this paper useful in understanding the importance of Hanzi instruction in teaching CFL, and how to construct a contemporary, international curriculum that can adequately address the fundamental concerns of the teaching and learning of CFL. This paper can be used to initiate a research agenda and inform an initiative thinking for curriculum development, to be used as a signpost to set up a conceptual framework on international curriculum development of CFL.
影响少数民族学生阅读理解能力的语言及认知因子研究———以藏族和彝族小学生为例
Authors: 张 露蓓 , 丛 铁华 
Published: February 2021

摘要
本研究对两组12岁的少数民族学生(66名藏族学生和45名彝族学生)和1组12岁的汉族学生 (42名) 的汉语叙述性和说明性文本阅读能力进行了比较。我们假设言语工作记忆, 正字加工和句子加工这三个因子分别有两个指标能预测三组学生语篇理解的不同表现。通过结构方程建模和多元回归分析, 我们发现言语工作记忆、正字加工和句子加工对汉语叙述性和说明性语篇理解的组间差异有很大的预测作用。因此, 要提高少数民族学生阅读理解能力必须要加强汉字, 词语和句子的结构及其功能教学。
Ein iranisches Assyrien. Die Macht der Vergangenheit in der Spätantike
Authors: Payne Richard 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Das Assyrische Reich war 612 zerstört worden, doch bewahrte es seine identitätsstiftende Bedeutung bis in die Spätantike. Die Stadt Aššur ging im dritten Jahrhundert unter; vermutlich wurde sie von sasanidischen Herrschern zerstört. Aufgrund des starken iranischen Einflusses veränderte sich die religiöse Topographie der Region grundlegend. Allerdings wurden auch christliche Gemeinden gefördert und wuchsen erheblich. Dies führte zu einem Ende der religiösen assyrischen Traditionen, die allenfalls verborgen weiterlebten. Während die sasanidische Regierung in einem besonderen Maße Relikte der achaimenidischen Zeit pflegte, bezogen christliche Gemeinden im nördlichen Mesopotamien sich auf assyrische Traditionen. So entstanden Kultstätten für Heilige an assyrischen Erinnerungsorten, und Assyrien tauchte in der Historiographie auf. Auch der Name der Syrer wurde von den Assyrern abgeleitet. Führende Familien schufen assyrische Genealogien, die sich oft auf bestimmte Orte bezogen. Derartige Erinnerungen wurden noch im 13. Jahrhundert unter islamischer Herrschaft gepflegt. Damit blieb die Geschichte des nördlichen Mesopotamien noch lange in eine assyrische Tradition eingebettet.
Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Laminated Thermoplastic Composites Manufactured by Laser-Assisted Automatic Tape Placement
Authors: Ausias G. , Dolo G. , Cartié D. , Challois F. , Joyot P. , Férec J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A comprehensive numerical model is developed for the simulation of the laser-assisted automated tape placement process of carbon fiber/thermoplastic composites. After being heated with a laser, the thermoplastic is welded with the help of a consolidation roller onto a substrate made up of layers of tapes bonded onto one another. Under the pressure applied by the roller, the thermoplastic flows and the tape reaches its final thickness. The numerical model is developed in three sequential steps that can be used to identify the required pressure and temperature distribution to achieve a good bond. Firstly, a heat transfer simulation is performed to determine the temperature distribution into the incoming tape under the consolidation roller. Secondly, a rheological model is developed to examine the polymer flow under the roller and to obtain the pressure field. Finally, the consolidation level between the substrate and the tape is investigated through the degree of intimate contact, which is related to the processing parameters such as the roller velocity, the laser power density and the compaction force.
Know Yourself in the Mirror of the Word: Kierkegaard on Self-Knowledge
Authors: Kolínská Kateřina 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article provides a reconstruction of Kierkegaardʼs conception of self-knowledge, mainly in the light of The Concept of Irony, The Sickness unto Death, Philosophical Fragments and selected upbuilding discourses. The concept of self-knowledge, which in Kierkegaard goes beyond mere epistemology, is shown in its duality, as a process which is for Kierkegaard both substantial and relational: to know oneself is for Kierkegaard both an ethical claim upon man and a religious act whose accomplishment is dependent on Godʼs intervention. The article next discusses how self-knowledge involves a relationship to and “knowledge” of God. Finally, it is shown that self-knowledge presupposes not only that one believes himself or herself to be known by God, but also by his or her fellow human beings: self-knowledge requires engagement in the lived world and with others.
The Mutiny of the Pseudonyms in the Kierkegaardian Authorship
Authors: Lopes Paulo Henrique 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The essay emphasizes the unsolvable tension between activity and passivity implied in Kierkegaard’s reduplication as an author of authors. To characterize the different approaches to pseudonymity, I will use the term Halvbefaren [the inexperienced seaman] to refer to a reading that appeals only to Kierkegaard’s or to the pseudonyms’ authority over the authorship, and Helbefaren [the experienced seaman] to refer to another interpretation that recognizes that unsolvable tension between them. Recurring to the sailing metaphor implicit in these terms that appear in Climacus’ Postscript, I defend the thesis that the pseudonyms open the authorship from within, overcoming Kierkegaard as a usual author, as the only captain of the entire authorship. The mutiny performed by the pseudonyms cannot be resolved by simply transferring the authority to the pseudonyms themselves, and it creates a subjective space in the authorship so it becomes a matter of the experience of the reader.