bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-pharmaceuticals analysis in fish by continuous series solid-phase extraction coupled with UPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Gao Lei , Wang Peng , Chen Zhongxiang , Tang Shizhan , Wu Song , Li Gang , Qin Dongli 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Pharmaceuticals which are widely used in aquatic can easily migrate into the environment and aquatic animals, and can increase the risk of drug resistance and allergic symptoms if consumed by humans. In order to achieve high-throughput analysis of pharmaceuticals with different physical and chemical properties from complex matrices, we developed a new method for various types pharmaceuticals in fish and shrimp tissue. Series solid-phase extraction (s-SPE) with different adsorbents was selected for extracting and purifying analytes with different paddings. s-SPE were combined with ultra performance liquid chromatography triple quadruple tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for the detection of 30 pharmaceuticals antibiotics in fish samples. This method was stabilized and reliable to determinate the pharmaceuticals in fish and shrimp samples. As the method combined multiple Chinese national standards method, it could be easily treat the multi-pharmaceuticals from the fish and shrimp samples once time. It provided for both quantitative and qualitative methods and they could be applied to single- or multi-residue methods.
Behavioral effects of sub-anesthetic ketamine in a go/no-go task
Authors: Nilsen André Sevenius , Juel Bjørn Erik , Farnes Nadine , Romundstad Luis , Storm Johan Frederik 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsWhile psychedelic agents are known to have powerful, but largely unexplained, effects on contents of consciousness, there is an increasing interest in the potential clinical usefulness of such drugs for therapy, and legalization is discussed in some countries. Thus, it is relevant to study the effects of psychedelic compounds not only on experience, but also on behavioral performance.MethodsSeven healthy participants performed a motor response inhibition task before, during, and after sub-anesthetic doses of intravenously administered ketamine. The infusion rate was individually adjusted to produce noticeable subjective psychedelic effects.ResultsWe observed no statistically significant impact of sub-anesthetic ketamine on reaction times, omission errors, or post error slowing, relative to the preceding drug-free condition. However, we did observe significant correlations between performance impairment and self-reported, subjective altered states of consciousness, specifically experience of “anxiety” and “complex imagery.”ConclusionsConsidering the limited number of participants and large variation in strength of self-reported experiences, further studies with wider ranges of ketamine doses and behavioral tasks are needed to determine the presence and strength of potential behavioral effects.
Chesnutt, Turpentine, and the Political Ecology of White Supremacy
Authors: Kuhn Mary 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCharles Chesnutt's fiction describes the forests of North Carolina not as the unspoiled wildernesses of the popular imagination but instead as an integral part of the extractive economy of the South. In the postbellum decades, many northerners visited the state's forests for health tourism even as the turpentine and lumber industries were decimating the local pine. By drawing on his readers’ familiarity with turpentine, a pine product that was both a household staple and a global commodity, Chesnutt shows his readers how the pine woods were anything but bucolic. Chesnutt's ecological vision disrupts the centrality of cotton in the environmental imaginary of the plantation and postplantation South. By linking the rise of conservation efforts to the logic of preserving white health, Chesnutt reveals that both deforestation and conservation were driven by the operations of white supremacy.
ANALYSIS OF UNCONTROLLED REACTIVITY INSERTION TRANSIENT OF TRIGA MARK 2000 BANDUNG USING MTR PLATE TYPE FUEL ELEMENT
Authors: Pinem Surian , Surbakti Tukiran , Kuntoro Imam 
Published: February 2021

ANALYSIS OF UNCONTROLLED REACTIVITY INSERTION TRANSIENT OF TRIGA MARK 2000 BANDUNG USING MTR PLATE TYPE FUEL ELEMENT. Analysis of uncontrolled reactivity insertion is very important for the safety of reactor operations. Determination of melting point limit, critical heat fluxes and melting temperatures of cladding are the main objectives for most of these studies to determine whether fuel temperature can withstand the transient insertion of reactivity. In this study, uncontrolled reactivity insertion transient was carried out due to the withdrawal of control rods in nominal power of 1 MW and 2 MW. Analysis of reactivity transient was carried out using the WIMSD/5B and MTRDYN codes. The WIMSD/5B code is used to generate cross sections and the MTRDYN program is used for analysis under transient conditions. Based on calculations on the initial power of 1 MW and 2 MW with an insertion of reactivity of greater than 0.5 $/s the reactor operation is not safe because the fuel temperature exceeds the design limit. For reactivity insertion 0.5 $/s allows increased power can be stabilized by feedback reactivity. For 1 MW of nominal power, the maximum coolant temperature, cladding and fuel are 86.39 oC, 164.86 oC and 165.33 oC, respectively. For 2 MW of nominal power, the maximum coolant temperature, cladding and fuel are 89.09 oC, 176.96 oC and 177.602 oC, respectively. Based on calculation, It is concluded that the feedback mechanism can protect the fuel cladding from a local meltdown if reactivity insertion 0.5 $/s and the reactor is in nominal power of 1 MW and 2 MW.
Metrics for studying berry growth kinetics in seedless grape cultivars (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.)
Authors: Letchov George , Roychev Venelin , Keranova Neli 
Published: February 2021

The process related to the changes in dimensions and mass of grape berry passes through two growth phases separated by a lag phase, and can be described by a double sigmoid curve. The onset of the growth phases and their duration are important factors for understanding the growth processes in grape berries. A new method for their quantitative determination was developed in the present study. In this method, the phase transition dates correspond to the times at which the rate of change of the curvature of the logistic (sigmoid) curve reaches an extreme value. The method was tested on three seedless grape varieties, Sultanina, Ruby Seedless and Rusalka 3, and the changes in grape berry dimensions and mass were tracked from anthesis to harvest. For each of the varieties, a double logistic model of change in berry length, width and mass from anthesis to harvest was developed and the metrics of growth - beginning, stabilisation and end of growth - for each of the two phases were determined. It was found that the metrics in mass and berry dimensions do not match and shift relative to each other over time. A comparison of growth metrics with phenological metrics, such as anthesis, veraison and ripening, showed that phenophases cannot be used as a time scale to record the acceleration of growth processes, as they shifted in time with growth metrics. An exception was veraison, which coincided with the beginning of the accelerated growth of grapes during the second growth phase, following the lag phase. The time scale presented in the current research is a new tool for monitoring growth processes and could help clarify the links between visible changes in the grape berries and the ongoing processes within them. The developed method can also be used for the analysis of various growth processes that follow the logistic law.
Cultivar Diversity of Balsam (Impatiens balsamina L.) in Banyumas Regency
Authors: Aulia Rizki , Widodo Pudji , Herawati Wiwik 
Published: February 2021

Balsam or garden balsam (Impatiens balsamina L.) is a widely grown flowering plant belonging to the family Balsaminaceae. The most conspicuous part to distinguish the balsam is the difference in the flower shape and colors of each cultivar. The purpose of this research is to find out the cultivars diversity of the balsam. The method used in this study was survey with purposive sampling. The variables observed in this study was morphological characteristics including the stem, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds. The data obtained were analysed descriptively. The result of this study showed that there were 15 cultivars of I. Balsamina i.e. 'Pinkish White 5 Petal', 'Mix Pink Camellia, 'Pinkish White Camellia, 'Vivid Pink', 'White', 'Light Pink', 'Pinkish White', 'Light Magenta', 'Vivid Red', 'Red Camellia, 'Reddish Camellia, 'Rose Red Camellia, 'Vivid Magenta Camellia, 'Rose Green Camellia, and 'Vivid Pink Camellia’.
Indonesia’s Cultural Diplomacy on the Conduct of Indonesian Language for Foreigners Programme in Thailand (2014-2019)
Authors: Collins Inova , Adriani Isyana , Rahman Muhammad Sigit Andhi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article examines the Indonesian language for Foreigners Programme (Bahasa Indonesia bagi Penutur Asing or BIPA) implementation in the internationalisation of the Indonesian language in Thailand. Based on Law No.24 of 2009 Article 44, the Government of Indonesia has a task to develop the role of the Indonesian language at the international stage. This effort has gained momentum recently with the establishment of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), where ASEAN citizens including Thais are encouraged to have foreign language skills. Thailand is one of the gateways to Southeast Asia. Many businesses and tourists come to Thailand first and then continue to other Southeast Asian nations. This condition encourages Thai people to learn foreign languages, including the Indonesian language. This article utilises a qualitative approach method, particularly interview and observation as a data collection method, and uses the concept of cultural diplomacy as the theoretical framework. It examines the content of BIPA books, the classroom learning process, and alumni’s feedback toward the programme. The research findings show the high effectiveness of BIPA programme in Thailand. Moreover, BIPA becomes a means of Indonesia's cultural diplomacy, where the Indonesian language and culture serve as tools in creating Thai people's interest in Indonesia.
Key Words: BIPA, Cultural Diplomacy, Indonesia, Internationalisation of Indonesian Language, Thailand
Abstrak
Makalah ini meneliti pelaksanaan program pengajaran ‘Bahasa Indonesia bagi Penutur Asing’ (BIPA) dalam proses internasionalisasi Bahasa Indonesia di Thailand. Berdasarkan UU No. 24 tanggal 2009 Pasal 44, Pemerintah Indonesia memiliki tugas untuk mengembangkan peran bahasa Indonesia di panggung internasional. Upaya ini telah mendapatkan momentum baru-baru ini dengan ditetapkannya Komunitas Ekonomi ASEAN (AEC), dimana warga negara ASEAN termasuk warga Thailand didorong untuk memiliki kemampuan berbahasa asing. Thailand adalah salah satu pintu gerbang penting ke Asia Tenggara. Para pebisnis dan wisatawan datang ke Thailand dulu dan kemudian melanjutkan ke negara Asia Tenggara lainnya. Kondisi ini mendorong orang Thailand untuk belajar bahasa asing, termasuk bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif, terutama wawancara dan observasi sebagai metode pengumpulan data, dan menggunakan konsep diplomasi budaya sebagai kerangka teoritisnya. Makalah ini meneliti konten buku pengajaran BIPA, proses pembelajaran kelas, dan umpan balik alumni terhadap program. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan tingkat efektivitas yang tinggi dalam pelaksanaan program BIPA di Thailand. Selain itu, BIPA menjadi sarana diplomasi budaya Indonesia, di mana bahasa dan budaya Indonesia menjadi perangkat diplomasi dalam menciptakan ketertarikan rakyat Thailand terhadap Indonesia.
Kata Kunci: Internasionalisasi Bahasa Indonesia, BIPA, Diplomasi Budaya, Indonesia, Thailand
Development Strategy of Mangrove Crabs (<i>Scylla</i> sp.) Cultivation in Gorontalo Province
Authors: Koniyo Yuniarti 
Published: February 2021

Mangrove crabs (Scylla sp.) are important economic fishery commodities that will be developed in Gorontalo Province. Mangrove crabs have large and prospective market opportunities in the domestic and foreign market. The mangrove crabs demand in this country is very high. Market demand for mangrove crabs has not been able to be fulfilled, because of the limited catch and the production of aquaculture which is still very minimal. The problem is how the development of mangrove crab cultivation will be applied in Gorontalo Province. The purpose of this research was to study and determine the development strategy of mangrove crab cultivation in Gorontalo Province in accordance with the potential and carrying capacity of the environment. The researched method was survey method with observational data collection and random sampling techniques. Data analysis was performed descriptively and SWOT analysis. Based on the SWOT analysis the strength (S) most influential on the development of mangrove crab culture in Gorontalo Province is government support and profitable business prospects (0.66), while the biggest weakness is the limited capital (0.54) and the low quality of human cultivation resources (0,48), and the biggest opportunity (O) is economic value (Very popular, because it is delicious and contains high nutritional value) (0.8), and threat (T) environmental degradation (0.8). Based on the quadrant of the analysis is in quadrant 1 (Growth Oriented Strategy). Keywords: Development, Strategy, Scylla spp, Cultivation, Gorontalo Province
The Fishing Ground of Bottom Longline Vessels and Exploitation Rate of Tiger Grouper (<i>Epinephelus aerolatus</i>) in Arafura Waters
Authors: Pane Andina Ramadhani Putri , Alnanda Reza , Prihatiningsih Prihatiningsih , Hufiadi Hufiadi , Suman Ali 
Published: February 2021

As excessive capture activity adversely impacts fisheries sector, fish resources management is a necessity. This study was conducted as a scientific contribution for the managements of bottom longline fisheries in Arafura Waters and areolate grouper (Epinephelus areolatus) as one of the target catches. It was carried out from February to December 2017 and in November 2018. Data on the fishing grounds of eight bottom longline vessels were obtained from the vessel monitoring system (VMS) of Probolinggo Marine and Fisheries Resources Supervisory Unit, Mayangan Probolinggo Fishing Port, and Marine and Fisheries Resources Surveillance (PSDKP) Tual Station. Based on the analysis of the coordinates from the VMS, the fishing grounds of the bottom longline vessels in Arafura waters were found around Dolak until the border with Merauke and around Timika until Aru Islands. The composition of dominant catches consisted of croaker (Pennahia spp.) and snapper (Lutjanus spp.), as well as grouper (Epinephelus spp.) in a smaller proportion. The size structure of the areolate grouper caught with bottom longlines was 21.5–54.5 cmTL; its length at first capture (Lc) was 33.9 cmTL; and its asymptotic length was 70.5 cmTL. Its growth rate (K) was found 0.26 per year. The fishing mortality (F) of the species was found higher than its natural mortality (M), and its exploitation level (E) was 0.74, meaning that the species was already overfished. The exploitation should be reduced by 40–50% to keep the fish resources in Arafura sustainable, especially for areolate grouper. Keywords: fishing ground, bottom longline, exploitation level, tiger grouper, Arafura
Fishers’ resilience towards extreme weather conditions in the South China Sea: A case study of Natuna Islands, Indonesia
Authors: Hafsaridewi Rani , Hikmah Hikmah , Zulham Armen , Soejarwo Permana Ari , Yanti Bayu Vita Indah 
Published: February 2021

Factors influencing fishers’ lives are climate change and extreme change in local weather. Climate change and extreme weather conditions are expected to affect marine fisheries’ productivity and modify fish distribution because of changes in water temperature, ocean currents, and other oceanic conditions. Both are issues faced by fishers in Natuna. The purpose of this study was to identify climate and weather changes in the research location, investigate the socio-economic effects, and analyse fishers’ adaptability patterns in relation to climate change. The method used in this study includes surveys, questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. The results reveal climate change, and extreme weather affects the socio-economic dynamics of fishers in the Natuna Islands. The socio-economic dynamics as fishers’ resilience towards extreme climate are done by adjusting the number of workers and workforce, adjusting the size of fishing boats/ships, adjusting the composition of fishing gears, and changing fishing grounds. Keywords: Resilience, fishermen, climate change, Natuna, South China Sea
The Size and The Shape of Sagittal Otolith of Redtail Scad, <i>Decapterus kurroides</i> Blekeer 1855 from Kema Bay, North Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Manginsela Fransine B , Mamuaya Gybert E , Rompas Rizald M , Lumingas Lawrence J L 
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to examine the difference in the otolith size and otolith shape of redtail scad Decapterus kurrodes between sex in North Sulawesi. The otoliths of D. kurroides were studied for sagitta otolith pair samples of 34 juveniles, 58 females and 75 males from Kema Bay. These pairs sagitta otolith images were interpreted using ImageJ tool to describe the otolith size (length, width, perimeter, and area), then we calculated the shape index (form factor, roundness, circularity, rectangularity, ellipticity and aspect ratio or length-width ratio). No significant difference was found in otolith length between left and right otoliths of juveniles of D. kurroides or called symmetrical but significant differences or asymmetrical were found in all sample, females and males. The regressions of total length against otolith sizes (otolith lengt, otolith width otolith perimeter and otolith area of D. kurroides follow a power function. The growth patterns showed dominant allometric growth in total length–otolith sizes relationships of D. kurroides from Kema Bay, Key Words: size, shape index, otolith, Decapterus kurroides, Kema Bay.
Carboxymethylation of Cassava Peel: Effect Sodium Monochloroacetate and Temperature
Authors: Distantina Sperisa , Inayati Inayati , Saputra Fahmi Achmad , Arifianto Muhammad Fitra 
Published: February 2021

<p>Cassava peel contains cellulose that can be chemically modified to be more useful product. In this work, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) from cassava peel powder was prepared by alkalization using sodium hydroxyde and then followed by carboxymethylation using sodium monochloroacetate. The aims of this work were to investigate the effect of sodium monochloroacetate-powder ratio (0.59, 1.47, 2.95, 4.42) and carboxymethylation temperature (45OC and 70OC) on the degree of substitution (DS) and reaction efficiency (RE). The result of FTIR spectra indicated that carboxylmethyl groups successfully attached on the cellulose backbone to form CMC structure. The higher of sodium monochloroacetate-powder ratio and higher carboxymethylation temperature enhanced its DS but reduced the RE.</p>
Pembuatan dan Uji Organoleptik Hand Sanitizer dari Daun Mangga (Mangifera indica) dengan Metode Maserasi
Authors: Setyawardhani Dwi Ardiana , Saputri Cindy Mei , Ni'mah Nafi'atun 
Published: February 2021

<p><strong>Abstrak.</strong> <strong>E</strong>kstrak daun mangga memiliki kandungan alkaloid, polifenol, saponin, tanin, flavonoid yang berfungsi sebagai senyawa antimikrobia yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk membuat <em>hand sanitizer</em> dari daun mangga, menganalisa sifat organoleptik produk dan mengidentifikasi kandungan fitokimia. Simplisia daun mangga dimaserasi menggunakan pelarut pada suhu ruangan selama 3x24 jam dengan pergantian pelarut setiap harinya kemudian disaring hingga diperoleh filtrat. Filtrat kemudian diuapkan dengan <em>vacuum evaporator</em> pada suhu 65<sup>°</sup>C sampai volumenya berkurang 80% dari volume awal. Ekstrak yang dihasilkan kemudian diolah menjadi <em>hand sanitizer </em>dalam bentuk gel. Ekstrak daun mangga kemudian dilakukan uji fitokimia yang hasilnya menunjukkan adanya kandungan fitokimia di dalam daun mangga seperti flavonoid, alkaloid, polifenol, tanin, dan juga saponin yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri alami dalam pembuatan <em>hand sanitizer</em>. Hasil analisa organoleptik sediaan gel hand sanitizer menunjukkan warna hijau kekuningan, aroma khas daun manga, tektur gel lembut, sifat penggunaan dingin, tidak lengket dan tidak kering, dan cepat menyerap saat diaplikasikan pada tangan.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Mango leaf extracts contain alkaloids, polyphenols, saponins, tannins, flavonoids that function as antimicrobial compounds to inhibit bacterial growth. This study aims to make a hand sanitizer from mango leaves extract, analyze the organoleptic properties of the product, and identify the phytochemical content. Dried mango leaves were macerated using solvents at room temperature for 3x24 hours with a change of solvent every day, then filtered until the filtrate was obtained. The filtrate is then evaporated with a vacuum evaporator at 65 ° C until the volume is reduced 80% from the initial volume. The resulting extract is then processed into a hand sanitizer in gel form. Mango leaf extracts are then subjected to phytochemical tests. The results indicated that phytochemical content in mango leaves were flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, tannins, and also saponins that have the potential as a natural antibacterial in making hand sanitizers. Organoleptic analysis results of hand sanitizer gel preparations showed yellowish-green color, mango leaves odor, soft, non-sticky and moist gel texture, cold use properties and quickly absorbed when applied to the hands.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Hand sanitizer, maceration, mango leaf extracts</p>