bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Different Types of Face Masks To Limit The Spread of SARS-CoV-2 – A Modeling Study
Authors: Gurbaxani Brian M. , Hill Andrew N. , Paul Prabasaj , Prasad Pragati V. , Slayton Rachel B. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We updated a published mathematical model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission with laboratory-derived source and wearer protection efficacy estimates for a variety of face masks to estimate their impact on COVID-19 incidence and related mortality in the United States. When used at 25 already-observed population rates of 80% for those ≥65 years and 60% for those <65 years, face masks are associated with 69% (cloth) to 78% (medical procedure mask) reductions in cumulative COVID-19 infections and 82% (cloth) to 87% (medical procedure mask) reductions in related deaths over a 6-month timeline in the model, assuming a basic reproductive number of 2.5. If cloth or medical procedure masks’ source control and wearer protection efficacies are boosted about 30% each to 84% and 60% by cloth over medical procedure masking, fitters, or braces, the COVID-19 basic reproductive number of 2.5 could be reduced to an effective reproductive number ≤ 1.0, and from 6.0 to 2.3 for a variant of concern similar to delta (B.1.617.2).
Integrated Analysis of Cecal Microbiome and Metabolome Revealed Different Inflammatory Reponses to Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis Between Reciprocal Crosses of Chicken
Authors: HU Geng , Miao Xiu-Xiu , Li Hui-Long , Liu Le-Wen , Dong Ya-Ning , Zhao Ya-Nan , Peng Ya-Nan , Liu Li-Ying , Li Xianyao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) bacteria can colonize intestinal tract of chicken and transmit to humans, while the intestinal microbiota are resistant to their colonization. Our knowledge of the interplay between host, pathogen and microbiota is scarce, particularly in context of different genetic background of the host, such as the reciprocal cross.Results: Comprehensive analysis of microbiome and metabolome showed that 23.4% of genera and 11.6% of metabolites in the Cross, and 17.2% of genera and 25.1% of metabolites in the Reverse-cross were altered (P<0.05) in response to Salmonella infection. In comparison of the reciprocal crosses, all the co-differential genera and 73.1% of the co-differential metabolites were opposite in alteration trend. Phenylpropanoids and lipids were increased significantly in the Cross and in the Reverse-cross, respectively.Conclusions: A more extensive inflammatory response to S. Enteritidis might be triggered in the Reverse-cross than in the Cross, and the regulatory modes were different. The Reverse-cross upregulated pro- and anti-inflammatory factors simultaneously, while the Cross was aided with the phenylpropanoids produced by intestinal bacteria.
Formation, Phase Stability, and Characterization of Unstabilized Aluminum Titanate (Al2TiO5) Ceramics
Authors: Hassan A.M. , Naga Salma , Awaad Mohamed , Saleh Ahmed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the present study, Al2TiO5 was prepared via the sol–gel technique then sintered at 1000°C to 1300°C for 1 h. The thermal stability of the formed ceramic bodies was explored. The densification parameters, microstructure, and phase composition of the sintered Al2TiO5 ceramic were examined, and the mechanical properties and thermal coefficient were characterized. The phase composition study revealed the presence of alumina and TiO2 residuals up to 1100°C. Phase stability was observed in Al2TiO5 bodies sintered up to 1300°C. The vitrification behavior of the bodies was improved by increasing the sintering temperature. The thermal expansion coefficient of the sintered samples sintered at 1300°C was enhanced by the formation of rod-like Al2TiO5 grains. Increases in the bending strength (from 22.40 to 28.90 MPa) and hardness (HV0.1; from 1467 to 1873) were observed when the treatment temperature was increased from 1000°C to 1300°C.
Chirality enhances oxygen reduction
Authors: Sang Yutao , Tassinari Francesco , Santra Kakali , Zhang Wenyan , Waldeck David , Fransson Jonas , Naaman Ron 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Controlled reduction of oxygen is important for developing clean energy technologies, such as fuel cells, and is vital to the existence of aerobic organisms. The process starts with oxygen in a triplet ground state and ends with products that are all in singlet states. Hence, spin constraints in the oxygen reduction must be considered. Here we show that electron transfer from chiral electrodes to oxygen (oxygen reduction reaction) is enhanced over that from achiral electrodes. We demonstrate lower overpotentials and higher current densities for chiral catalysts versus achiral ones. This finding holds even for electrodes composed of heavy metals with large spin orbit coupling. The effect results from the spin selectivity conferred on the electron current by the chiral assemblies, the chiral induced spin selectivity effect.
SARS-CoV-2 hijacks neutralizing dimeric IgA for enhanced nasal infection and injury
Authors: Zhou Biao , Zhou Runhong , Chan Jasper Fuk-Woo , Zeng Jianwei , Zhang Qi , Yuan Shuofeng , Liu Li , Robinot Rémy , Shan Sisi , Ge Jiwan , Kwong Hugo Yat-Hei , Zhou Dongyan , Xu Haoran , Chan Chris , Poon Vincent , Chu Hin , Yue Ming , Kwan Ka-Yi , Chan Chun Yin , Liu Na , Chan Chris Chun-Yiu , Chik Kenn Ka-Heng , Du Zhenglong , Au Ka-Kit , Huang Haode , Man Hiu-On , Cao Jianli , Li Cun , Wang Ziyi , Zhou Jie , Song Youqiang , Yeung Man Lung , To Kelvin , Ho David , Chakrabarti Lisa A. , Wang Xinquan , Zhang Linqi , Yuen Kwok-Yung , Chen Zhiwei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Robust severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in nasal turbinate (NT) accounts for high viral transmissibility, yet whether neutralizing IgA antibodies can control it remains unknown. Here, we evaluated receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific monomeric B8-mIgA1 and B8-mIgA2, and dimeric B8-dIgA1 and B8-dIgA2 against intranasal SARS-CoV-2 challenge in Syrian hamsters. These antibodies exhibited comparably potent neutralization against authentic virus by competing with human angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor for RBD binding. While reducing viruses in lungs, pre-exposure intranasal B8-dIgA1 or B8-dIgA2 led to 81-fold more infectious viruses and severer damage in NT than placebo. Virus-bound B8-dIgA1 and B8-dIgA2 could engage CD209 as an alternative receptor for entry into ACE2-negative cells and allowed viral cell-to-cell transmission. Cryo-EM revealed B8 as a class II neutralizing antibody binding trimeric RBDs in 3-up or 2-up/1-down conformation. Therefore, RBD-specific neutralizing dIgA engages an unexpected action for enhanced SARS-CoV-2 nasal infection and injury in Syrian hamsters.
Supercritical Fluids-Assisted Processing Using CO2 Foaming to Enhance the Dispersion of Nanofillers In Poly(Butylene Succinate)-Based Nanocomposites and the Conductivity
Authors: Huang An , Song Xincheng , Liu Fan , Wang Haokun , Geng Lihong , Wang Hankun , Yi Qizhong , Peng Xiangfang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
With the rapid development of electronic information technology, traditional metal conductive materials can no longer satisfy the needs of a wider industry. Poly(butylene succinate)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (PBS/CNT) conductive polymer nanocomposites with varied CNT content were prepared by a HAAKE torque rheometer. The addition of CNT significantly improved the crystallization, viscoelasticity, and mechanical properties as well as thermal and electrical conductivity. Conductivity of the PBS/CNT nanocomposite with 5 wt.% CNT increased from 8.23×10− 15 S·m− 1 of pure PBS to 33.3 S·m− 1, an increase of 16 orders of magnitude. Moreover, the electrical percolation threshold φc of the PBS/CNT nanocomposites was 2.8 wt.% and the critical index was 1.56, showing that the conductive network structure was between 2D and 3D and 2D network structure dominated. To further improve the conductivity, microcellular foams were successfully fabricated by batch foaming with supercritical fluids (scCO2). The electrical conductivity of the PBS/CNT foam with 5 wt.% CNT reached 67.8 S·m− 1 and it was 104% higher than the corresponding solid nanocomposite.
p53 Knock Out Mice Enhances Anxiety- and Depression-Like Behaviors through an Increase of Glutamate, Calcium, and Cytokine-Mediated Cell Death Signals
Authors: Yeo In Jun , Yu Ji Eun , Yoo Sung Sik , Yun Jaesuk , Son Dong Ju , Choi Dong-Young , Han Sang-Bae , Hong Jin Tae 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Extensive epidemiological evidence indicates that patients with certain cancers have a lower probability of developing some types of neurodegenerative diseases (ND) and mood disorders and vice versa. These inverse comorbidities may be associated with several different molecular processes. p53, is a potentially responsible for regulating the development of ND, mood disorders as well as cancers. To investigate whether the tumor suppressor p53 may be associated with ND development, we studied the behavioral changes in p53 knockout (p53−/−) mice and possible action mechanisms. Increased anxiety-like but not depression-like behaviors were displayed in p53−/− mice without impaired motor activities under the non-chronic unpredictable mild stress condition. However, in the p53−/− mice, more anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors were observed in the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) condition. Our mechanism studies showed that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein was significantly downregulated, but glutamate levels were significantly increased in the prefrontal cortex of p53−/− mice. Further analyses showed that the p53−/− mice caused more stress-induced nerve damage as a result of an increase in intracellular calcium levels and N-methyl D-aspartate receptor subtype 2B (NMDAR2B) expression. Treatment with corticosterone (mimics CUMS in vitro) increased glutamate levels, NMDAR2B expression, and calcium levels, and these levels were elevated by co-treatment with pifithrin-α (p53 inhibitor) in PC12 cells. Cell death and cell death-mediated signals (p-p38, p-JNK and caspase-3) were upregulated, but neuroprotective signals (BDNF p-Akt, p-ERK and p-CREB) were downregulated in p53−/− mice, and corticoid and/or pifithrin-α treated PC12 cells. These data indicate that p53 may be an important preventive factor against depression and anxiety, and thus suggests a possible correlation between cancer and anxiety/depression development. Running title: Deficiency of p53 enhances mental disorder
Hepatitis C Virus Viral Load And Mother-To-Child Transmission: a Systematic Review and Meta - Analysis
Authors: Deng Songqing , Zhong Wenfang , Chen Wen , Wang Zilian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is increasing among pregnant women own to the opioid epidemic, and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) was considered to be the leading cause of hepatitis C in the future. Thus, our aim of this study was to assess the association of maternal HCV viral load and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection with the risk of MTCT in pregnant women infected by HCV.Methods: We performed a literature searching using MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, SCIE, CPCIS, SCOPUS, LILACS and WHO Global Index Medicus from inception to 1 March 2021. Manuscripts were included if they reported the incidence of HCV MTCT. Pooled effect estimates were obtained by using random-effects model and Holm-Bonferroni correction was performed for multiple pooled associations. Results: a total of 26 studies involving 4491 newborns with maternal HCV infected were identified. Pregnant women with HCV viremia had increased risk of MTCT (odds ratio [OR]: 8.14, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.62-14.31) compared with those with negative HCV-RNA. Multiple-subgroup analysis showed HCV viremia/HIV+ group experienced the highest risk for HCV MTCT and then HCV viremia mono-infected group; HCV-RNA negative women experienced the lowest risk for HCV MTCT. Among HCV viremia women, elevated risk of MTCT was found in subjects with viral load ≥6 log copies/ml as compared with those with viral load < 6 log copies/ml (OR=4.93, 95% CI: 2.38-10.21). Conclusions: The HCV MTCT incidence is increased in pregnant women with detectable HCV viremia, and is even higher in those with viral load ≥6 log copies/ml. HIV coinfection further increases the risk of HCV MTCT.
value-rich exposures in medical education; synthesizing the concept
Authors: Afshar Leila , Yazdani Shahram , Foroutan Seyed Abbas , sabeghi hakimeh 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Proper transfer of professional values is an essential part of medical education. Real-life experiences in the educational process are one of the most effective methods for achieving values and assisting the student in developing his/her value framework. This study aimed to develop and characterize the concept of value-rich exposures in medical education to bring this concept closer to the practice.Methods: We used Walker and Avant concept synthesis method. In order to perform the synthesis, a combination of hermeneutic phenomenological method and literature review was used.Results: We defined the concept of value-rich exposure in medical education under five themes while implementing the steps of Walker and Avant's concept synthesis: probing self-inner values, value-rich program, value mentor, value-rich interactions, and value-rich environment. The elements and relationships of the themes were depicted in the form of a conceptual matrix.Conclusions:A value-rich exposure is a type of lived experience that occurs during a student’s professional life, a necessity that, with proper planning, can play an important role in shaping medical students' professional identities.
Heterotopic Gastric Mucosa in Gastric Propria Muscularis Treated by Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: A Case Report and Literature Review.
Authors: Jia Yuting , Li Erfeng , Zhang Zhen , Guo Bin , Chen Xing 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Heterotopic gastric mucosa（HGM）is a congenital anatomical variation. It can occur in various tissues and organs of the gastrointestinal tract. Part of the HGM appeared as a solitary, sessile submucosal lesions covered with normal mucosa, and because it was relatively rare, thereby resulting in some HGM to be easily missed or misdiagnosed. We report on a case of heterotopic gastric mucosa in gastric propria muscularis.Case presentation: A 32-year-old man with abdominal distension for one month. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed hemispherical lesion covered with smooth mucosa located in gastric antrum. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) revealed that it might be derived from the submucosa, with no echogenic nodules, and a partition is visible inside. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was performed and histological examination revealed scattered heterotopic mucosal glands (HGG) located in the propria muscularis. Regular follow-up, the patient's abdominal distension was significantly relieved.Conclusion: HGM of the type of submucosal tumor-like lesion is rare. EUS is a well-established method for submucosal lesion. On EUS, these lesions showed cystic anechoic central core in the submucosa with no solid component,which is similar to gastric cyst. Therefore, this requires us to be alert to the possibility of HGM in order to further evaluate and treat, and if necessary, it can be removed by ESD.
Effectiveness of Moxibustion for Allergic Rhinitis : a Systematic Review
Authors: pang kaiyun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy of moxibustion to the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Methods: The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of moxibustion to the treatment of AR was retrieved who search alone by two researchers in 31 August , 2021. The final 24 articles were retained by two other researchers based on inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. Results: Moxibustion is effective in the treatment of AR among which heat-sensitive moxibustion has the most significant effect (P<0.00001) , followed by governor vessel moxibustion(P<0.0008), again is thunder fire moxibustion(P=0.003), the worst effect was herb-partitioned moxibustion(P=0.70). In the symptom subgroup comparison, moxibustion is effective in controlling sneezing(P=0.03) and runny nose(P=0.05), and the best is heat-sensitive moxibustion(P<0.00001) whether it is sneezing, nasal congestion, runny nose and nasal itching is the best. In the follow-up subgroup analysis, the efficacy of the follow-up of 3 months and 1 month was the same (P<0.00001) that the long-term efficacy of moxibustion for AR was better. In the IgE subgroup, moxibustion in the treatment of AR can make serum IgE down both after treatment(P<0.00001) and 6 months(P<0.0001). Conclusion: Moxibustion treatment of AR can not only improve the clinical symptoms of patients and control the attack, but also has a good long-term effect to prevent recurrence. Moxibustion treatment of AR heat-sensitive moxibustion effect is the best. Due to the limitations of this study, large-scale clinical high-quality randomized, a multi-center, controlled trial clinical study is needed in order to further verify our conclusions.
Increased Numbers of Circulating Th22 and Th17 Cells in Children With Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Liwen Zhang , Zhiying Huang , Mei Xue , Xiaoyu Zhang , Fei Wang , Xuan Zhao , Yu Wan , Liang Ma 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
T-helper (Th) 17 and Th22 cells are critical for the pathogenic process of Kawasaki Disease (KD). A total of 43 children with freshly diagnosed KD and 20 healthy controls (HC) were quantified for the numbers of Th17, Th22 and Th1 cells by flow cytometry. The concentrations of serum IL-17, IL-22, IL-6, IFN-γ and TNF-α were examined by ELISA. Compared to those in the HC, significantly increased numbers of Th17 and Th22 cells, but not Th1 cells, and higher levels of serum IL-17 and IL-22, but not IFN-γ, were found in KD patients. Stratification analysis indicated the numbers of both Th17 and Th22 cells and the concentrations of serum IL-17 and IL-22 in KD patients with coronary artery lesions (CAL) were significantly greater than that in those with noncoronary artery lesions (NCAL). Treatment with the intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy significantly decreased numbers of Th22 and Th17 cells as well as the serum concentrations of IL-22 and IL-17 in KD patients. The concentrations of serum IL-22 and IL-17 were correlated positively with C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) values as well as N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in those patients respectively. Conclusion: Our study provided direct evidence that Th22 and Th17 cells might contribute to the pathogenesis of KD.
Survival Analysis of Duration of exclusive breastfeeding in Ethiopia: Comparison of Proportional Hazard model and Accelerated Failure Time models
Authors: Gemechu Bacha Ewunetu , Merga Tilahun Bedaso 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction Early cessation of EBF has the short and long term effect for the welfare of infants including the life-long impacts of poor school performance, reduced productivity, and impaired intellectual development. Objective of the study: the main objective of this study was to compare the performance of CPH model and AFT models in analyzing EBF data in Ethiopia, 2016 EDHS. Specifically, the study aimed to identify the major predictor variables of the duration of EBF based on 2016 EDHS data.Methodology: The secondary data is obtained from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS), 2016. The outcome variable of this study was the duration of EBF in month. To achieve the objective of the study, descriptive survival analysis like the median survival time, Kaplan Meier survival estimate and log-rank test were used to compare the estimated survival probability among different levels of predictor variables at 5 percent significant level. The Cox proportional hazard regression and Accelerated failure time model were fitted and their results were compared using model comparison criterion such as AIC, BIC.Results: of 1092 interviewed mothers, 15.3 % of them were discontinued EBF and 84.7% of them were exclusively breastfed (censored). The estimated median duration of EBF was 3 months. Based on estimated Kaplan Meier survival curve and log-rank test, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference in survivor experience of discontinuing EBF over each duration with respect to place of delivery, maternal education, husband education, mode of delivery and employment status. The fitted CPH and AFT model indicated that mode of delivery, wealth index, and employment status was found as significant predictors of EBF duration. Moreover, comparatively Weibull AFT model performed better in analyzing EBF data. According to the fitted model, mothers who were in poor wealth index category and who gave birth by cesarean shortens the duration of EBF by 16% and 29% respectively. On the other hand, employed mothers were improved the duration of EBF by 26%. Conclusion: Weibull AFT model is performed better in analyzing EBF data. A mother who was unemployed, poor wealth index, and gave birth by cesarean shortens the duration of EBF than their counterparts. Therefore, special emphasis should be given for mothers who are unemployed, who are economically poor, and give birth by cesarean to improve the duration of EBF.
Implantation of Dedifferentiated Fat Cells Ameliorated ANCA Glomerulonephritis by Immunosuppression and Increases in TSG-6
Authors: Utsunomiya Kei , Maruyama Takashi , Shimizu Satoshi , Matsumoto Taro , Endo Morito , Kobayashi Hiroki , Kano Koichiro , Abe Masanori , Fukuda Noboru 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We examined the effects of implantation of dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells on renal function, proteinuria and glomerulonephritis in SCG mice as a preclinical study of DFAT cell therapy for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) glomerulonephritis and investigated mechanisms underlying the immunosuppressive effects of the implantation of DFAT cells. After their intravenous infusion, almost all DFAT cells were trapped in the lung and not delivered into the kidney. Implantation of DFAT cells in SCG mice suppressed glomerular crescent formation, decreased urinary protein excretions, and increased expression of tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) mRNA, protein and immunostaining in kidney from these mice. Implantation of DFAT cells increased the expression of microRNA 23b-3p in plasma, kidney and lung in SCG mice and decreased the expression of CD44 mRNA and increased the expression of prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-10 mRNAs in kidney from these mice. Implantation of DFAT cells increased expression of TSG-6 protein and decreased expression of tumor necrosis factor-a protein in kidney from SCG mice. Further, implantation of DFAT cells increased the expression of C-C motif chemokine ligand 17 protein, a chemokine for M2 macrophages, and decreased the expression of MCP-1 protein, a chemokine for M1 macrophages, in kidney from SCG mice. Survival rates were higher in SCG mice with implantation of DFAT cells than in SCG mice without implantation. These results indicate that implantation of DFAT cells suppressed renal injury including glomerular crescent formation in kidney from SCG mice while increasing the expression of TSG-6 without delivery of DFAT cells directly into kidney. Mechanisms underlying the effects of improvement of ANCA glomerulonephritis are associated with immunosuppressive effects by TSG-6 and the transition of M1 to M2 macrophages. These findings suggest that implantation of DFAT cells may become a cell therapy for ANCA glomerulonephritis.