bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
$$U(1)'$$ extensions of the $$\mu \nu \mathrm{SSM}$$
Authors: Aguilar-Saavedra J. A. , Lara I. , López-Fogliani D. E. , Muñoz C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the$$\mu \nu $$μνSSM, the presence ofR-parity violating couplings involving right-handed (RH) neutrinos solves simultaneously the$$\mu $$μ- and$$\nu $$ν-problems. We explore extensions of the$$\mu \nu $$μνSSM adding a$$U(1)'$$U(1)′gauge group, which provides the RH neutrinos with a non-vanishing charge. In these models, dubbed U$$\mu \nu $$μνSSM, the anomaly cancellation conditions impose the presence of exotic quarks in the spectrum that are vector-like under the standard model (SM) gauge group: either three pairsSU(2) quark singlets, or a pair of quark singlets together with a pair of quark doublets. Several singlets under the SM group can also be present, with the$$U(1)'$$U(1)′charges making distinctions among them, and therefore allowing different types of couplings. Some of these singlets dynamically generate Majorana masses for the RH neutrinos, and others can be candidates for dark matter. The useful characteristics of models with$$U(1)'$$U(1)′s are also present in U$$\mu \nu $$μνSSM models: baryon-number-violating operators as well as explicit Majorana masses and$$\mu $$μterms are forbidden, and the domain wall problem is avoided. The phenomenology of U$$\mu \nu $$μνSSM models is very rich. We analyze the experimental constraints on their parameter space, specially on the mass and mixing of the new$$Z'$$Z′boson. In addition to the exotic quarks, which can hadronize inside the detector or decay producing SM particles, the U$$\mu \nu $$μνSSM models can also have new signals such as decays of the$$Z'$$Z′to sparticle pairs like right sneutrinos, charginos or neutralinos. Besides,$$Z'$$Z′and Higgs mediated annihilations and interactions with the visible sector of WIMP dark matter particles, can also be present.
Comparison of Calculated Skin Doses in Cineradiography and Four Dimensional Kinematic Computed Tomography of the Wrist
Authors: Goelz Leonie , Asmus Ariane , Kim Simon , Diehl Josha , Eisenschenk Andreas , Mutze Sven 
Published: May 2021

Background: Previous studies have discussed the diagnostic value of four dimensional kinematic CT in cases of carpal instabilities. This analysis compares calculated skin doses of 4D CT and conventional cineradiography of the wrist in cases of suspected SLL rupture. Methods: Retrospective calculation and interpolation of skin doses and effective doses for ten consecutive 4D CT examinations and 41 cineradiographies for suspected lesions of the scapholunate ligament. Standardised anterior-posterior and lateral cine sequences using a flat-panel digital subtraction imager and of 4D kinematic CT using a dual-source scanner were acquired and acquisition parameters recorded. We tested if the skin dose of 4D CT is different from cineradiography. Results: Median dose area product (DAP) of cineradiography was 135.34 cGycm2 resulting in a calculated median skin dose of 32.6 mSv (confidence interval 26.86–42.90 mSv) and an estimated effective skin dose of 3.26 µSv. CT dose index (CTDI) for 4D examinations was recorded to be 26.79 mGy and the dose-length product (DLP) was 150 mGy × cm. This resulted in an estimated skin dose of 34 mSv, which is covered by the confidence interval of cineradiography, and an effective skin dose of 3.4 µSv. Conclusions: Skin dose calculations are comparable for 2D cineradiography in two plains and 4D kinematic CT of the wrist. Calculated effective doses are < 0.01 mSv.
Invalid Signatures Searching Bitwise Divisions-Based Algorithm for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks
Authors: Ye Xin , Xu Gencheng , Cheng Xueli , Zhou Jin , Qin Zhiguang 
Published: May 2021

Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are the crucial part of intelligent transportation systems (ITS), which are brought to enhance the security, efficiency, and comfort of transportation. VANETs have aroused extensive attention in the world recently. One of the challenges in practice is real time and low delay, which strongly requires VANETs to be efficient. Existing schemes have properly solved the problem which is how to aggregate the signatures and verify the aggregated signature. However, few solutions are proposed to pinpoint all invalid signatures if existing. The algorithms that can find all invalid signatures are not efficient enough. Following consideration of the above deficiencies of existing approaches, this paper proposes a factorial bitwise divisions (FBD) algorithm and its optimized version and early-stopping factorial bitwise divisions (EFBD) algorithm. Both algorithms are parallel-friendly. Compared with the binary-based batch verification algorithm, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms achieve better performance in both theory and practice at low invalid signatures’ rate. Especially, in the parallel condition, when the number of invalid signatures is 1, the proposed algorithms cost only one aggregation-verification delay, while the comparison is more than

log

2

n

times.
Benefits and Risks of Dual Versus Single Antiplatelet Therapy for Secondary Stroke Prevention: A Systematic Review for the 2021 Guideline for the Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Brown Devin L. , Levine Deborah A. , Albright Karen , Kapral Moira K. , Leung Lester Y. , Reeves Mathew J. , Sico Jason , Strong Brent , Whiteley William N. ,   on behalf of the American Heart Association Stroke Council
Published: May 2021

Background:
Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack may reduce recurrent stroke but also increase severe bleeding compared with single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT). The American Heart Association/American Stroke Association convened an evidence review committee to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the benefits and risks of DAPT compared with SAPT for secondary ischemic stroke prevention.

Methods:
The Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched on December 5, 2019, to identify phase III or IV randomized controlled trials (n≥100) from December 1999 to December 2019. We calculated unadjusted relative risks (RRs) and performed meta-analyses of studies based on the duration of treatment (short [≤90 days] versus long [>90 days]).

Results:

Three short-duration randomized controlled trials were identified that enrolled mostly patients with minor stroke or high risk transient ischemic attack. In these trials, DAPT, compared with SAPT, was associated with a lower 90-day risk of recurrent ischemic stroke (pooled RR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.55–0.83],
I
2
=37.1%). There was no significant increase in major bleeding with DAPT in short-duration trials (pooled RR, 1.88 [95% CI, 0.93–3.83],
I
2
=8.9%). In 2 long-duration treatment randomized controlled trials (mean treatment duration, 18-40 months), DAPT was not associated with a significant reduction in recurrent ischemic stroke (pooled RR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.79–1.02],
I
2
=1.4%), but was associated with a higher risk of major bleeding (pooled RR, 2.42 [95% CI, 1.37–4.30],
I
2
=75.5%).

Conclusions:
DAPT was more effective than SAPT for prevention of secondary ischemic stroke when initiated early after the onset of minor stroke/high-risk transient ischemic attack and treatment duration was <90 days. However, when the treatment duration was longer and initiated later after stroke or transient ischemic attack onset, DAPT was not more effective than SAPT for ischemic stroke prevention and it increased the risk of bleeding.
<strong><em>Inosperma subsphaerosporum</em> (Inocybaceae), a new species from Hainan, tropical China</strong>
Authors: DENG LUN-SHA , YU WEN-JIE , ZENG NIAN-KAI , LIU LI-JIE , LIU LI-YUE , FAN YU-GUANG 
Published: May 2021

Inosperma subsphaerosporum sp. nov. is described from Hainan Province of China, based on morphological features and molecular phylogeny. The new species is characterized by a medium-sized basidioma, a scaly-fibrillose to rimulose pileus, subglobose to globose basidiospores, and thin-walled cheilocystidia. Moreover, I. subsphaerosporum is phylogenetically placed in an Old World tropical clade, in which all members described are from South Asia. Detailed descriptions, color photographs as well as comparisons between the new species and its closely related species are provided.
From Random Forests to Flood Forecasts: A Research to Operations Success Story
Authors: Schumacher Russ S. , Hill Aaron J. , Klein Mark , Nelson James A. , Erickson Michael J. , Trojniak Sarah M. , Herman Gregory R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractExcessive rainfall is difficult to forecast, and there is a need for tools to aid Weather Prediction Center (WPC) forecasters when generating Excessive Rainfall Outlooks (EROs), which are issued for the contiguous United States at lead times of 1–3 days. To address this need, a probabilistic forecast system for excessive rainfall, known as the Colorado State University Machine Learning Probabilities (CSU-MLP) system, was developed based on ensemble reforecasts, precipitation observations, and machine-learning algorithms, specifically random forests. The CSU-MLP forecasts were designed to emulate the EROs, with the goal being a tool that forecasters can use as a “first guess” in the ERO forecast process. Resulting from close collaboration between CSU and WPC and evaluation at the Flash Flood and Intense Rainfall Experiment, iterative improvements were made to the forecast system and it was transitioned into operational use at WPC. Quantitative evaluation shows that the CSU-MLP forecasts are skillful and reliable, and they are now being used as a part of the WPC forecast process. This project represents an example of a successful research-to-operations transition, and highlights the potential for machine learning and other postprocessing techniques to improve operational predictions.
Stress–Strength Reliability for the Unit-Lindley Distribution with an Application
Authors: Biswas Aniket , Chakraborty Subrata 
Published: May 2021

The unit-Lindley distribution has recently been introduced in the literature as an alternative to the beta and the Kumaraswamy distributions in support (0,1). This distribution enjoys many virtuous properties over the mentioned distributions. In this article, we address the issue of parameter estimation from a Bayesian perspective and study relative performance of different estimators through extensive simulation experiments. Significant emphasis is given to the estimation of stress–strength reliability employing classical as well as Bayesian approach. Application of an intuitive metric of discrepancy derived from stress–strength reliability is considered and computed for two different geographic regions with respect to an important public health indicator. AMS 2010 subject classifications: 62F10, 62P05.
Using a bimanual lever-driven wheelchair for arm movement practice early after stroke: A pilot, randomized, controlled, single-blind trial
Authors: Smith Brendan W , Lobo-Prat Joan , Zondervan Daniel K , Lew Christopher , Chan Vicky , Chou Cathy , Toledo Spencer , Reinkensmeyer David J , Shaw Susan , Cramer Steven C 
Published: May 2021

Objective: Many patients with subacute stroke rely on the nonparetic arm and leg to propel manual wheelchairs. We designed a bimanual, lever-driven wheelchair (LARA) to promote overground mobility and hemiparetic arm exercise. This study measured the feasibility of using LARA to increase arm movement, achieve mobility, and improve arm motor recovery (clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02830893). Design: Randomized, assessor-blind, controlled trial. Setting: Two inpatient rehabilitation facilities. Subjects: Nineteen patients with subacute stroke (1 week to 2 months post-stroke) received 30 minutes extra arm movement practice daily, while admitted to inpatient rehabilitation ( n = 10) or before enrollment in outpatient therapy ( n = 9). Interventions: Patients were randomized to train with the LARA wheelchair ( n = 11) or conventional exercises with a rehabilitation therapist ( n = 8). Main measures: Number of arm movements per training session; overground speed; Upper Extremity Fugl-Meyer score at three-month follow-up. Results: Participants who trained with LARA completed 254 (median) arm movements with the paretic arm each session. For three participants, LARA enabled wheelchair mobility at practical indoor speeds (0.15–0.30 m/s). Fugl-Meyer score increased 19 ± 13 points for patients who trained with LARA compared to 14 ± 7 points with conventional exercises ( P = 0.32). Secondary measures including shoulder pain and increased tone did not differ between groups. Mixed model analysis found significant interaction between LARA training and treatment duration ( P = 0.037), informing power analysis for future investigation. Conclusions: Practising arm movement with a lever-driven wheelchair is a feasible method for increasing arm movement early after stroke. It enabled wheelchair mobility for a subset of patients and shows potential for improving arm motor recovery.
The pragmatic holism of social–ecological systems theory: Explaining adaptive capacity in a changing climate
Authors: Adams Sophie 
Published: May 2021

Now ubiquitous in research on adaptation to the impacts of anthropogenic climate change is the aim of cultivating adaptive capacity. With its promise to expand the scope of transformative human response within the adaptive dynamics of the social–ecological system, this approach is built upon the integration of the social and ecological, reflecting the ‘pragmatic holism’ at the heart of the concept of the ecological system. This vision is undercut, however, by an ambivalence about the agency of humans to effect adaptive change. I argue that this threatens to recoup the environmental determinism that characterised mid-20th-century theories of adaptation in geography and cognate disciplines – albeit in a new form defined by an understanding of agency as distributed and emergent that is associated with developments in cybernetics and complexity science. This article charts how the currently dominant discourse centred on adaptive capacity has come about and explores what it might mean for the politics of climate change adaptation, as the scope of human action is circumscribed by the adaptive dynamics of the social–ecological system.
Pregnant Women Are Iodine Deficient While School-Aged Children Demonstrate Adequate Iodine Status in Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Kuay Lim Kuang , Chin Tan Beng , Ying Chan Ying , Hussain Husniza , Mahmud Nur Azna , Kassim Mohd Shaiful Azlan , Harith Abdul Aziz , Man Cheong Siew , Salleh Ruhaya , Aris Tahir 
Published: May 2021

Background: A mandatory universal salt iodization (USI) has been implemented in Sarawak, Malaysia since 2008. Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the current iodine status among school-aged children (SAC) and pregnant women (PW) after 10 years of USI implementation in Sarawak. Methods: This cross-sectional survey among school-aged children and pregnant women was conducted between July and October 2018 in Sarawak. The multistage proportionate to population size sampling technique was used to select 30 schools and 30 maternal and child health care clinics. A total of 1200 children aged 8 to 10 years and 750 first-trimester pregnant women were randomly selected to participate in the study. Iodine excretion level in urine was determined according to the World Health Organization classification. Results: A total of 988 children and 677 PW participated in the study with a response rate of 82.3% and 90.2%, respectively. The overall median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) level among the children was 126.0 μg/L (interquartile range [IQR], 71.0-200.9 μg/L) and classified as adequate iodine status. The median UIC among PW was 123.9 μg/L (IQR, 56.5-192.1μg/L) indicating inadequate iodine status. Conclusion: The present findings indicate that despite adequate iodine status in children, the majority of PW still showed inadequate iodine status. Thus, comprehensive monitoring of the iodine deficiency disorder problem among PW is warranted.
Conventional vs Accelerated Rehabilitation Protocol Following Reattachment of Achilles Tendon for Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy
Authors: Arunakul Marut , Pholsawatchai Waroot , Arunakul Preeyaphan , Pitakveerakul Akaradech 
Published: May 2021

Background: No studies have compared early vs conventional postoperative weightbearing following suture bridge Achilles tendon reattachment. We, therefore, evaluated postoperative functional outcomes in these patients. Methods: We collected data on 49 patients who underwent surgical treatment of insertional Achilles tendinopathy using a central Achilles tendon-splitting approach and reattachment with suture bridge technique by a single surgeon. Functional outcomes were measured by a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), and Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. The differences in outcomes were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Results: Eighteen and 31 patients underwent the conventional and accelerated protocols, respectively; their corresponding mean ages were similar, 53 and 57 years, as were all other baseline characteristics. The mean scores (conventional vs accelerated group) for VAS for pain, FAAM, and SF-36 in the conventional group at 3 months postoperatively were 4 ± 1 vs 3 ± 1 points, 53 ± 8 vs 68 ± 3 points, and 57 ± 15 vs 67 ± 10 points ( P < .05 for each comparison). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. All patients could perform the single heel raise test at 6 months, and none experienced complications. Conclusion: In this small study, short-term functional outcomes were better in the accelerated group. More data are needed before the accelerated program can be recommended. Level of Evidence: Level II, prospective comparative study.
IL-6 and Other Biomarkers associated with Poor Prognosis in a Cohort of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Madrid
Authors: Donoso-Navarro Encarnación , Arribas Gómez Ignacio , Bernabeu-Andreu Francisco A 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: There are several published works on the prognostic value of biomarkers in relation to the severity or fatal outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In Spain, the second European country in incidence of the disease at the time of data collection, there are few studies that include both laboratory parameters and clinical parameters. Our aim is to study the relationship of a wide series of biomarkers with admission to intensive care and death in a hospital in the Autonomous Community of Madrid (Spain), with special attention to IL-6 due to its role in the systemic inflammatory response associated with a worse prognosis of the disease. Methods: Data were collected from 546 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. All of them had IL-6 results, in addition to other biochemical and haematological parameters. The difference of the medians for the selected parameters between the groups (ICU vs non-ICU, dead vs survivors) was studied using a Mann-Whitney analysis. The independent variables that predicted death were studied using a Cox proportional hazard regression model. Results: Higher age and blood concentrations of ALT, creatinine, CK, cTnI, LDH, NT-proBNP, CRP, IL-6, leucocyte count and D-dimer together with lower blood concentrations of albumin and lymphocyte count were associated with mortality in univariate analysis. Age, LDH, IL-6 and lymphocyte count remained associated with death in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Age, LDH, IL-6 and lymphocyte count, as independent predictors of death, could be used to establish more aggressive therapies in COVID-19 patients.
Trends of incidence and prognosis of primary adenocarcinoma of the bladder
Authors: Lu Haowen , Zhu Weidong , Mao Weipu , Zu Feng , Wang Yali , Li Wenchao , Xu Bin , Zhang Lihua , Chen Ming 
Published: May 2021

Background: Primary adenocarcinoma of the bladder (ACB) is a rare malignant tumor of the bladder with limited understanding of its incidence and prognosis. Methods: Patients diagnosed with ACB between 2004 and 2015 were obtained from the SEER database. The incidence changes of ACB patients between 1975 and 2016 were detected by Joinpoint software. Nomograms were constructed based on the results of multivariate Cox regression analysis to predict overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with ACB, and the constructed nomograms were validated. Results: The incidence of ACB was trending down from 1991 to 2016. A total of 1039 patients were included in the study and randomly assigned to the training cohort (727) and validation cohort (312). In the training cohort, multivariate Cox regression showed that age, marital status, primary site, histology type, grade, AJCC stage, T stage, SEER stage, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors for OS, whereas these were age, marital status, primary site, histology type, grade, AJCC stage, T/N stage, SEER stage, surgery, and radiotherapy for CSS. Based on the above Cox regression results, we constructed prognostic nomograms for OS and CSS in ACB patients. The C-index of the nomogram OS was 0.773 and the C-index of CSS was 0.785, which was significantly better than the C-index of the TNM staging prediction model. The area under the curve (AUC) and net benefit of the prediction model were higher than those of the TNM staging system. In addition, the calibration curves were very close to the ideal curve, suggesting appreciable reliability of the nomograms. Conclusion: The incidence of ACB patients showed a decreasing trend in the past 25 years. We constructed a clinically useful prognostic nomogram for calculating OS and CSS of ACB patients, which can provide a personalized risk assessment for ACB patient survival.
Oleanolic Acid Improved Inflammatory Response and Apoptosis of PC12 Cells Induced by OGD/R Through Downregulating miR-142-5P
Authors: Gu Song 
Published: May 2021

Background Oleanolic acid (OA) has notable anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects, but the role of OA in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) has not been reported so far. Methods Oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model was induced in PC12 cells. MTT assay was used to detect the cell viability of PC12 cells, while ELISA assay detected the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. The expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by the appropriate kits, and cell apoptosis by Tunel technique. Western blot assay detected the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. The cell transfection technique overexpressed miR-142‐5p. After overexpressing miR-142‐5p by cell transfection technique, the expression of miR-142‐5p was detected by RT-qPCR. Results Besides the ability to promote cell acitivity, OA ameliorated OGD/R-induced inflammatory response and apoptosis in PC12 cells. Moreover, the capability of OA to alleviate OGD/R-induced inflammation and apoptosis in PC12 cells was observed to be related to the down-regulation of miR-142‐5p. Conclusion OA improved inflammatory response and apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by OGD/R through downregulating miR-142‐5P