bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single Dose of SHR-1222, a Sclerostin Monoclonal Antibody, in Healthy Men and Postmenopausal Women With Low Bone Mass: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Escalation, Phase I Study
Authors: Dai Zhijie , Fang Pingfei , Yan Xiang , Zhu Ronghua , Feng Qiong , Yan Qiangyong , Yang Lingfeng , Fan Xiao , Xie Yuting , Zhuang Lihong , Feng Sheng , Liu Yantao , Zhong Sheng , Yang Zeyu , Sheng Zhifeng , Zhou Zhiguang 
Published: October 2021

SHR-1222 is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting sclerostin and has the potential to promote bone formation and reduce bone resorption. This study was aimed to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and immunogenicity of SHR-1222 in healthy men and postmenopausal women with low bone mass (BMD). It was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation, phase I study. Subjects received SHR-1222 at 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg sequentially or matching placebo subcutaneously. Totally, 50 subjects with low BMD were enrolled and randomly assigned; 10 received placebo and 40 received SHR-1222 (50 mg, n = 4; 100, 200, 300, or 400 mg, n = 9). The most common adverse events that occurred at least 10% higher in subjects with SHR-1222 treatment than those with placebo were decreased blood calcium, blood urine present, increased blood cholesterol, electrocardiogram T wave abnormal, urinary tract infection, increased blood pressure diastolic, and positive bacterial test. All the above adverse events were mild in severity and well resolved except one of increased blood cholesterol in a subject lost to follow-up. The serum SHR-1222 concentration increased in a dose-dependent manner. Administration of SHR-1222 upregulated the bone-formation markers N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen, osteocalcin, and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, while downregulated the bone-resorption marker β-C-telopeptide. The BMD at the lumbar spine notably rose after a single dose of SHR-1222. The largest increase occurred in the 400 mg cohort (3.8, 6.7, and 6.1% on day 29, 57, and 85, respectively; compared with 1.4, 0.8, and 1.0% in the placebo group). Although 10.0% of subjects receiving SHR-1222 tested positive for anti–SHR-1222 antibodies, no obvious effects of antibody formation were found on pharmacokinetics. Overall, SHR-1222 was well tolerated at doses from 50 to 400 mg and is a promising new remedy for osteoporosis.Clinical Trial Registration:http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03870100.
Treatment With Melatonin After Corneal Graft Attenuates Rejection
Authors: Zhu Ziqian , Peng Ruiping , Shen Hongyi , Zhong Lei , Song Siqi , Wang Tao , Ling Shiqi 
Published: October 2021

Background: Immunologic graft rejection is the main complication of corneal transplants. This study aimed to investigate the effect of melatonin (MT) on the rejection of corneal transplantation.Methods: Corneal allografts were performed by grafting corneas from BALB/C mice to C57BL/6 hosts. MT (50 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into the hosts every day from the day of transplantation. The survival of grafts was observed by slit lamp biomicroscopy, and inflammatory cell infiltration was detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. The balance of Teff and Treg immune cells in draining lymph nodes (DLNs) was detected by flow cytometry. The levels of cytokines related to the grafts and DLNs were detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Additionally, we used the mouse macrophage line RAW264.7 to study the effect of MT on the activation of NLRP3 inflammatory body.Results: MT treatment improved the graft survival rate, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the graft, decreased the percentage of Th1/Th17 cells in the DLNs, and increased the percentage of Treg cells. Melatonin inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, thereby reducing the expression of IL-1β and other related proinflammatory cytokines such as MCP-1, MIP-1, NLRP3, ASC, TNF-a and VEGF-A (all p &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that MT promotes the survival of mouse corneal grafts by inhibiting NLRP3-mediated immune regulation, reducing immune cell activation and cell migration, and inhibiting the production of inflammatory-related cytokines. Treatment with MT might provide a potential clinical therapeutic target for corneal transplantation.
Fatigue, Social Support, and Depression in Individuals With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Kazukauskiene Nijole , Bunevicius Adomas , Gecaite-Stonciene Julija , Burkauskas Julius 
Published: October 2021

Background: Given that approximately one-third of individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD) remain severely fatigued after completion the cardiac rehabilitation, it is necessary to identify reliable intervention targets aimed at reducing fatigue. Perceived social support is closely linked to health outcomes and depressive symptoms in individuals with CAD. However, to our knowledge, the relationship between subjective fatigue levels and social support in those with CAD has not been analyzed.Objective: We aimed to examine the associations between perceived social support and subjective fatigue levels in individuals with CAD with and without depression symptoms.Methods: This cross-sectional study was comprised of 1,036 participants with CAD (57±9years, 77% men) 1–2weeks after acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Participants completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS), Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20 (MFI-20), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS).Results: In total, 12% (n=129) of study participants had elevated depression symptoms (HADS score≥8). In individuals with CAD and depressive symptoms, after adjustment for sex, age, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, and anxiety, linear regression analyses showed significant inverse associations between higher social support from others and general, physical fatigue as well as reduced activity and motivation (p&lt;0.001). Following the same method of statistical analysis and control in non-depressed individuals with CAD (88%), social support from family was inversely linked to mental fatigue (p’s&lt;0.05). Similarly, social support from friends was significantly associated with lower general, physical, and mental fatigue as well as reduced activity, while social support from others was significantly associated with lower general and mental fatigue (p’s&lt;0.001). The overall higher total support was linked with reduced motivation (p&lt;0.05) in the depressed study participants, while there was lower general and mental fatigue (p&lt;0.05) in non-depressed individuals.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that fatigue and its features could be associated by the perceived social support in individuals with CAD following ACSs. While in individuals with CAD and depressive symptoms, greater subjective fatigue is associated with less perceived social support from others, higher levels of subjective fatigue in non-depressed individuals with CAD are significantly associated with reduced perceived social support from friends.
Reliability and Validity of the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology—Self-Report Scale in Older Adults With Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Liu Rui , Wang Fei , Liu Shou , Zhang Qinge , Feng Yuan , Sim Kang , Cui Xiling , Lin Jing-Xia , Ungvari Gabor S. , Xiang Yu-Tao 
Published: October 2021

Background: Depressive symptoms are common in older adults. Developing rapid self-report tools is essential to measure the presence and severity of depressive symptoms in older adults. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology—Self-Report (QIDS-SR) scale for use in depressed older adults.Methods: A total of 238 depressed older adults were included in the study. The Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the QIDS-SR were administered to assess the severity of depressive symptoms. Cronbach's alpha coefficient, Spearman rank correlations, and principal component analysis were performed to estimate the internal consistency, convergent validity, and factorial structure of the QIDS-SR, respectively.Results: The Cronbach's alpha for the QIDS-SR was acceptable (α = 0.64). Item–total correlation analyses showed that the items of concentration/decision-making, involvement, energy level, and agitation/retardation had high correlation with the QIDS-SR total score (all correlation coefficients ≥0.60). The QIDS-SR total score was significantly correlated with the MADRS total score (r = 0.53, p &lt; 0.001), demonstrating acceptable convergent validity. Factor analysis revealed the unidimensional structure of the QIDS-SR.Conclusions: The QIDS-SR appears to be a reliable and valid self-report scale for estimating the severity of depressive symptoms in depressed older adults.
Academic Burnout and Problematic Smartphone Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Effects of Anxiety and Resilience
Authors: Hao Zejun , Jin Liangyi , Huang Jinzi , Lyu Ruibo , Cui Qian 
Published: October 2021

Background: Academic burnout has been associated with problematic smartphone use. However, the mechanism underlying this relation has been inadequately explored during the COVID-19 pandemic.Materials and Methods: A total of 748 Chinese undergraduate students were recruited in the study who were measured with their levels of academic burnout, anxiety, resilience, and problematic smartphone use.Results: Our study showed that academic burnout significantly predicted problematic smartphone use both directly and indirectly via anxiety. By constructing a moderated mediation model, our study found that resilience moderated the direct impact and the second half of the indirect path (between anxiety and problematic smartphone use); however, with the moderation effects of resilience, both the indirect impact of academic burnout on problematic smartphone use via anxiety became insignificant.Conclusions: Our findings brought additional evidence on the association between academic burnout and problematic smartphone use and significantly suggested the potential solution to alleviate the influences.
The Effect of Yijinjing on the Cognitive Function of Patients With Chronic Schizophrenia
Authors: Gao Hui , Luo Chao , Tu Si-Jing , Lu Ru-Ping , Jiang Lin-Na , Qiao Hui-Jun , Lin Qu , Li Ning-Ning , Chen Jian-Hua 
Published: October 2021

Background: Patients with chronic schizophrenia present cognitive impairment, which affects their social function and prevents them from reintegrating into society. Yijinjing is a traditional Chinese aerobic exercise that has a putative psychosomatic effect on improving cognitive function.Methods: From January to May 2021, 40 patients with chronic schizophrenia were recruited and randomly divided into a control group and a Yijinjing group. In the 12-week intervention, the patients in the control group received conventional treatment, whereas patients in the Yijinjing group performed Yijinjing exercise (40 min/session, twice a week) in addition to receiving conventional treatment. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Insight and Treatment Attitude Questionnaire (ITAQ), the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (SES), and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) were used to measure clinical symptoms and cognitive function at 0, 6, and 12 weeks.Results: The demographic information was not significantly different between groups. At baseline, the scores of all the scales were not statistically different between groups. After 12 weeks of intervention, compared to those at baseline, the scores of the negative scale (t = 19.00, p &lt; 0.0001), general psychopathology scale (t = 15.98, p &lt; 0.0001), and total score (t = 15.47, p &lt; 0.0001) of the PANSS and SES (t = 5.378, p &lt; 0.0001) had significantly decreased, and the scores of the ITAQ (t = 7.984, p &lt; 0.0001) and MMSE (t = 6.750, p &lt; 0.0001) had significantly increased in Yijinjing group; the score of the MMSE increased in the control group as well (t = 2.491, p = 0.0222). Compared to the respective scores in the control group, the negative scale score (t = 2.953, p = 0.0054) significantly decreased, and the ITAQ (t = 3.043, p = 0.0042) and MMSE (t = 2.2.68, p = 0.0291) scores significantly increased in the Yijinjing group after 12 weeks of intervention.Conclusion: These results provide a preliminary indication that Yijinjing exercise had the potential to improve cognitive function and negative symptoms in patients with chronic schizophrenia. A larger-scale study to determine the trajectory of change in the longer term should be undertaken.
A Systematic Review of Methods and Study Quality of Economic Evaluations for the Treatment of Schizophrenia
Authors: Wang Luying , Shi Fenghao , Guan Xin , Xu He , Liu Jing , Li Hongchao 
Published: October 2021

Background: Schizophrenia is a severe and complex disease with substantial economic and social burdens. Despite multiple treatment choices, adverse events, and impaired social functions are still challenges in clinical therapy. Pharmacoeconomic evaluations could provide evidence to help decision makers improve the utilization of scarce resources. However, there remains some challenges especially in modeling due to uncertainties in progression of schizophrenia. There are limited summaries about the overall methodologies of schizophrenia economic evaluations.Objective: The aim of this study is to review the existing economic evaluations of antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia and summarize the evidence and methods applied.Methods: An electronic literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO host, The Cochrane Library and ScienceDirect from January 2014 to December 2020. Search terms included “schizophrenia,” “schizophrenic,” “pharmacoeconomic,” “economic evaluation,” “cost-effectiveness,” and “cost-utility.” The Literature was screened and extracted by two researchers independently and assessed with the Quality of Health Economic Studies (QHES) List and Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) Statement.Results: A total of 25 studies were included in the review. The regions included Europe, North America, Asia and Africa. Most of the studies chose second-generation antipsychotics as comparators and integrated treatment sequences. Time horizons varied from 1 year to lifetime. The healthcare sector was the most common perspective, accordingly, most of the evaluations considered only direct medical costs. The Markov model and decision tree model were the most common choices. Adverse events, compliance and persistence were considered important parameters. Quality-adjusted life-years were the major outcomes applied to the economic evaluations. All utilities for health states and adverse events were collected from published literature. All of the studies applied uncertainty analysis to explore the robustness of the results. The quality of the studies was generally satisfactory. However, improvements were needed in the choice of time horizons, the measurements of outcomes and the descriptions of assumptions.Conclusions: This study highlights the methodology of economic evaluation of schizophrenia. Recommendations for modeling method and future study are provided.
Arabidopsis Toxicos en Levadura 12 (ATL12): A Gene Involved in Chitin-Induced, Hormone-Related and NADPH Oxidase-Mediated Defense Responses
Authors: Kong Feng , Guo Tingwei , Ramonell Katrina M. 
Published: October 2021

Plants, as sessile organisms, have evolved complex systems to respond to changes in environmental conditions. Chitin is a Pathogen-Associated-Molecular Pattern (PAMP) that exists in the fungal cell walls, and can be recognized by plants and induce plant pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Our previous studies showed that Arabidopsis Toxicos en Levadura 12 (ATL12) is highly induced in response to fungal infection and chitin treatment. We used the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana to characterize ATL12 and explore its role in fungal defense. Histochemical staining showed that pATL12-GUS was continually expressed in roots, leaves, stems, and flowers. Subcellular co-localization of the ATL12-GFP fusion protein with the plasma membrane-mcherry marker showed that ATL12 localizes to the plasma membrane. Mutants of atl12 are more susceptible to Golovinomyces cichoracearum infection, while overexpression of ATL12 increased plant resistance to the fungus. ATL12 is highly induced by chitin after two hours of treatment and ATL12 may act downstream of MAPK cascades. Additionally, 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining indicated that atl12 mutants generate less reactive oxygen species compared to wild-type Col-0 plants and RT-PCR indicated that ATL12-regulated ROS production may be linked to the expression of respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein D/F (AtRBOHD/F). Furthermore, we present evidence that ATL12 expression is upregulated after treatment with both salicylic acid and jasmonic acid. Taken together, these results suggest a role for ATL12 in crosstalk between hormonal, chitin-induced, and NADPH oxidase-mediated defense responses in Arabidopsis.
SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies for the Treatment of COVID-19 in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Wang Aileen X. , Busque Stephan , Kuo Jamie , Singh Upinder , Röeltgen Katharina , Pinsky Benjamin A. , Chertow Glenn M. , Scandling John D. , Lenihan Colin R. 
Published: October 2021

Background
Morbidity and mortality associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in kidney transplant recipients are high and early outpatient interventions to prevent progression to severe disease are needed. SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing mAbs, including bamlanivimab and casirivimab-imdevimab, received emergency use authorization in the United States in November 2020 for treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19 disease.

Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of 27 kidney transplant recipients diagnosed with COVID-19 between July 2020 and February 2021 who were treated with bamlanivimab or casirivimab-imdevimab and immunosuppression reduction. We additionally identified 13 kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 who had mild to moderate disease at presentation, who did not receive mAbs, and had SARS-CoV-2 serology testing available.

Results
There were no deaths or graft failures in either group. Both infusions were well tolerated. Four of the 27 patients treated with mAbs required hospitalization due to COVID-19. Four of 13 patients who did not receive mAbs required hospitalization due to COVID-19. Patients who received mAbs demonstrated measurable anti–SARS-CoV-2 IgG with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor blocking activity at the highest level detectable at 90 days postinfusion, whereas ACE2 blocking activity acquired from natural immunity in the mAb-untreated group was weak.

Conclusions
Bamlanivimab and casirivimab-imdevimab combined with immunosuppression reduction were well tolerated and associated with favorable clinical outcomes in kidney transplant recipients diagnosed with mild to moderate COVID-19.
ALGORITHMS FOR THE FORMATION OF NARROW-BAND SPECTRAL-EFFICIENT RADIO SIGNALS OUTSIDE THE RING OF PULSE-PHASE AUTOMATIC FREQUENCY TUNING OF THE FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER
Authors: Печников С.С. , Шерстюков С.А. 
Published: October 2021

Рассмотрен процесс формирования радиосигнала с помощью квадратурного модулятора. Точность осуществления переноса на несущую является критически важным фактором. При передаче информационного сообщения значения сигнала несущей частоты должны принимать соответствующие дискретные значения, согласно закону изменения информационной последовательности, таким образом, формирование неискажённого радиосигнала является одним из основных требований, предъявляемых к работе квадратурного модулятора. При реализации сигналов с угловой модуляцией, как правило, используют генератор, управляемый напряжением. Проанализирована работа квадратурного модулятора и квадратурного фазового модулятора, основанного на формирователях функциональных составляющих модулирующего сигнала. Предложен метод компенсации искажений, возникающих в балансных смесителях и фазовращателе за счет быстроизменяющихся помех, приходящих с выхода высокочастотного генератора или с выхода усилителя мощности по цепи обратной связи, а также медленных отклонений фазы и амплитуды сигнала. Проведено моделирование работы схемы, осуществляющей компенсацию амплитудно-фазовых искажений квадратурного модулятора сигналов угловой модуляции за счёт генерирования компенсационных сигналов. Предложена структурная схема синтеза неискаженного сигнала амплитудно-фазовой модуляции с компенсацией амплитудно-фазовой нестабильности квадратурного формирователя, позволяющая осуществлять нелинейное усиление радиосигнала
The paper considers the process of data transmission over a radio channel by modulating the parameters of the carrier wave with an information signal. When transmitting an information signal, the carrier frequency values must take discrete values in one-to-one correspondence with the information sequence, thus the formation of an undistorted radio signal is one of the main requirements for the operation of a quadrature modulator. The article analyzes the operation of a quadrature modulator and a quadrature phase modulator based on the shapers of the functional components of the modulating signal. We propose a distortion compensation method using synthesized compensation signals, which makes it possible to effectively compensate, firstly, rapidly changing noise inside balanced modulators and phase shifters, and secondly, noise coming along with an input high-frequency signal, for example, from the output of a power amplifier through circuits feedback and, third, slow deviations of amplitudes and phases. We carried out the modeling of the distortion compensation method using synthesized compensation signals
Adaptations in SCOR based performance metrics of airline catering supply chain during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Rajaratnam Dhaarsan , Sunmola Funlade 
Published: October 2021

Purpose: There is the propensity of the Airline catering supply chain to adapt their performance measures in order to meet desired service level due to the challenges of the Covid-19 pandemic. The aim of this paper is to develop a set of metrics for airline catering organization and explore the choices of SCOR based performance metrics during the Covid-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approach: The SCOR framework is applied in the context of the airline catering supply chain to develop performance metrics. In this case study, the performance metrics model is analysed and validated by experts. Then, metrics are prioritised using MoSCoW method based on the experience of the Covid-19 challenges.Findings: A hierarchical performance measure framework is proposed, and a set of 55 metrics is identified. The validation of these metrics recognises the initial work. With the prioritisation, 13 level-2 & level-3 metrics are considered necessary in addition to 7 level-1 metrics to mitigate Covid-19 pandemic challenges better. Research limitations/implications: This research is based on a single case study. The validation is restricted to a small sample size.Practical implications: With the development of performance metrics and prioritization, airline catering organisation able to monitor their catering logistics performance.Originality/value: The work contributes to the measurement of performance in airline catering logistics, and adapted metrics would help business to be more responsive and flexible as per the market changes to alleviate Covid-19 challenges.