bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of endoscopic assisted suction coagulation adenoidectomy versus traditional curettage technique
Authors: Ali Ayman Ali Abd Elfattah , Elsharnouby Mohammed Kamar , Khalil Yaser Abd Elwahab , Allah Rehab Nour Eldin Mohammad Gad , Khalifa Mohammed Abd Elhakeem 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Adenoidal hypertrophy is a common condition in children and can cause symptoms such as mouth breathing, nasal discharge, snoring, sleep apnea, and hyponasal speech. The curettage adenoidectomy has some disadvantages, especially the intranasal extension of the adenoid tissue that makes this technique inadequate. This study is conducted to evaluate and compare between assisted suction coagulation adenoidectomy and traditional curettage techniques.

Results
One hundred twenty-two patients with symptomatic adenoid hypertrophy such as nasal obstruction, snoring, and mouth breathing were included in our study. Patients underwent adenoidectomy either traditional curettage adenoidectomy (60 patients as group A) or endoscopic assisted suction coagulation adenoidectomy (62 patients as group B). Patients were scheduled for follow-up visits with respect to operative time, operative and postoperative complications. The mean age of groups A and B were 6.57+2.8 and 7+2.8 ranging from 3 to12 years. There was a statistically significant difference between groups as regard intraoperative blood loss, trauma, postoperative complications as neck stiffness and bad odor plus postoperative endoscopic and radiological grading after the operation.

Conclusions
Suction coagulation diathermy adenoidectomy is alternative to cold adenoidectomy with significantly fewer intraoperative complications such as blood loss and trauma of prevertebral muscle plus post-operative complications such as primary or secondary bleeding and rhinolalia aperta.
Gibberellin in tomato: metabolism, signaling and role in drought responses
Authors: Shohat Hagai , Eliaz Natanella Illouz , Weiss David 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe growth-promoting hormone gibberellin (GA) regulates numerous developmental processes throughout the plant life cycle. It also affects plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses. GA metabolism and signaling in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) have been studied in the last three decades and major components of the pathways were characterized. These include major biosynthesis and catabolism enzymes and signaling components, such as the three GA receptors GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF 1 (GID1) and DELLA protein PROCERA (PRO), the central response suppressor. The role of these components in tomato plant development and response to the environment have been investigated. Cultivated tomato, similar to many other crop plants, are susceptible to water deficiency. Numerous studies on tomato response to drought have been conducted, including the possible role of GA in tomato drought resistance. Most studies showed that reduced levels or activity of GA improves drought tolerance and drought avoidance. This review aims to provide an overview on GA biosynthesis and signaling in tomato, how drought affects these pathways and how changes in GA activity affect tomato plant response to water deficiency. It also presents the potential of using the GA pathway to generate drought-tolerant tomato plants with improved performance under both irrigation and water-limited conditions.
Italian Society of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation, and Intensive Care expert consensus statement on the use of lung ultrasound in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (ITACO)
Authors: Vetrugno Luigi , Mojoli Francesco , Cortegiani Andrea , Bignami Elena Giovanna , Ippolito Mariachiara , Orso Daniele , Corradi Francesco , Cammarota Gianmaria , Mongodi Silvia , Boero Enrico , Iacovazzo Carmine , Vargas Maria , Poole Daniele , Biasucci Daniele Guerino , Persona Paolo , Bove Tiziana , Ball Lorenzo , Chiumello Davide , Forfori Francesco , de Robertis Edoardo , Pelosi Paolo , Navalesi Paolo , Giarratano Antonino , Petrini Flavia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
To produce statements based on the available evidence and an expert consensus (as members of the Lung Ultrasound Working Group of the Italian Society of Analgesia, Anesthesia, Resuscitation, and Intensive Care, SIAARTI) on the use of lung ultrasound for the management of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit.

Methods
A modified Delphi method was applied by a panel of anesthesiologists and intensive care physicians expert in the use of lung ultrasound in COVID-19 intensive critically ill patients to reach a consensus on ten clinical questions concerning the role of lung ultrasound in the following: COVID-19 diagnosis and monitoring (with and without invasive mechanical ventilation), positive end expiratory pressure titration, the use of prone position, the early diagnosis of pneumothorax- or ventilator-associated pneumonia, the process of weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation, and the need for radiologic chest imaging.

Results
A total of 20 statements were produced by the panel. Agreement was reached on 18 out of 20 statements (scoring 7–9; “appropriate”) in the first round of voting, while 2 statements required a second round for agreement to be reached. At the end of the two Delphi rounds, the median score for the 20 statements was 8.5 [IQR 8.9], and the agreement percentage was 100%.

Conclusion
The Lung Ultrasound Working Group of the Italian Society of Analgesia, Anesthesia, Resuscitation, and Intensive Care produced 20 consensus statements on the use of lung ultrasound in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU. This expert consensus strongly suggests integrating lung ultrasound findings in the clinical management of critically ill COVID-19 patients.
Long-Term Outcomes With Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab or Nivolumab Alone Versus Ipilimumab in Patients With Advanced Melanoma
Authors: Wolchok Jedd D. , Chiarion-Sileni Vanna , Gonzalez Rene , Grob Jean-Jacques , Rutkowski Piotr , Lao Christopher D. , Cowey C. Lance , Schadendorf Dirk , Wagstaff John , Dummer Reinhard , Ferrucci Pier Francesco , Smylie Michael , Butler Marcus O. , Hill Andrew , Márquez-Rodas Ivan , Haanen John B. A. G. , Guidoboni Massimo , Maio Michele , Schöffski Patrick , Carlino Matteo S. , Lebbé Céleste , McArthur Grant , Ascierto Paolo A. , Daniels Gregory A. , Long Georgina V. , Bas Tuba , Ritchings Corey , Larkin James , Hodi F. Stephen 
Published: November 2021

PURPOSE In the phase III CheckMate 067 trial, durable clinical benefit was demonstrated previously with nivolumab plus ipilimumab and nivolumab alone versus ipilimumab. Here, we report 6.5-year efficacy and safety outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with previously untreated unresectable stage III or stage IV melanoma were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to receive nivolumab 1 mg/kg plus ipilimumab 3 mg/kg once every 3 weeks (four doses) followed by nivolumab 3 mg/kg once every 2 weeks (n = 314), nivolumab 3 mg/kg once every 2 weeks (n = 316), or ipilimumab 3 mg/kg once every 3 weeks (four doses; n = 315). Coprimary end points were progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) with nivolumab plus ipilimumab or nivolumab versus ipilimumab. Secondary end points included objective response rate, descriptive efficacy assessments of nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus nivolumab alone, and safety. Melanoma-specific survival (MSS; descriptive analysis), which excludes deaths unrelated to melanoma, was also evaluated. RESULTS Median OS (minimum follow-up, 6.5 years) was 72.1, 36.9, and 19.9 months in the combination, nivolumab, and ipilimumab groups, respectively. Median MSS was not reached, 58.7, and 21.9 months, respectively; 6.5-year OS rates were 57%, 43%, and 25% in patients with BRAF-mutant tumors and 46%, 42%, and 22% in those with BRAF–wild-type tumors, respectively. In patients who discontinued treatment, the median treatment-free interval was 27.6, 2.3, and 1.9 months, respectively. Since the 5-year analysis, no new safety signals were observed. CONCLUSION These 6.5-year CheckMate 067 results, which include the longest median OS in a phase III melanoma trial reported to date and the first report of MSS, showed durable, improved clinical outcomes with nivolumab plus ipilimumab or nivolumab versus ipilimumab in patients with advanced melanoma and, in descriptive analyses, with the combination over nivolumab monotherapy.
Generalized variational principles of the Benney-Lin equation arising in fluid dynamics
Authors: Wang Kang-Jia , Wang Jian-Fang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVariational principle is important since it can not only reveal the possible solution structures of the equation but also provide the conservation laws in an energy form. Unfortunately, not all the differential equations can find their variational forms. In this work, the Benney-Lin equation is studied and its two different generalized variational principles are successfully established by using the semi-inverse method. The derivation process is given in detail. The finding in this work is expected to give an insight into the study of the nonlinear partial differential equations arising in fluid dynamics.
Wigner's friends, tunnelling times and Feynman's “only mystery of quantum mechanics”
Authors: Sokolovski D. , Akhmatskaya E. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Recent developments in elementary quantum mechanics have seen a number of extraordinary claims regarding quantum behaviour, and even questioning internal consistency of the theory. These are, we argue, different disguises of what Feynman described as quantum theory's “only mystery”.
Research on characteristics of dual-frequency coupling electroaerodynamic thruster
Authors: Zhou Desheng , Tang Jingfeng , Liu Qiang , Zhou Liwei , Wei Liqiu , Yu Daren 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Breaking through the corona discharge current limit and improving the ionization and acceleration process are beneficial to improve the performance of the electroaerodynamic thruster. In this paper, a dual-frequency source of DC and NSP (nanosecond pulse) are applied to generate ionic wind. Electrical, optical and thrust characteristics are compared for the electroaerodynamic thruster with and without the NSPD (nanosecond pulse discharge). The experimental results indicate that the thrust characteristics are enhanced under the effect of dual-frequency sources. Moreover, the inception DC voltage to generate ionic wind is much lower.
Infrastructures of Minoritization
Authors: Barak On 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFigurations of body, community, and politics traversed India and the Ottoman world along the artificial coaling archipelago that connected both via legal islands of extraterritoriality and other technologies in the Red Sea. Examining this system and the ethnic groups that operated and subverted it reveals how minority formation and other forms of making community and autonomy were linked to processes of anatomization and a rearticulation of ideas about race, blood, and soil. This “infrastructural turn” meant that sociability, religion, identity, and political legitimacy in the inter- and intra-imperial domains were biologized and thus fastened to the material and technological systems these groups were part of. Parsis and their Muslim competitors naturalized this system and made it and themselves into parts of the landscape. Such ecologies of ethnicity and extrastatecraft flourished on the margins of large-scale infrastructures, underpinning the emergence of minorities and diasporas in the twentieth century.
On the Huihui Question
Authors: Glasserman Aaron 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn Western discourse today the charge that Islam is “not just a religion” but a comprehensive social system is leveled to cast doubt over Muslims' ability to integrate into a political community. In the People's Republic of China, this understanding of Islam has served the opposite purpose. From the perspective of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), religion cannot be the basis for legitimate political identity. Islam, however, is not just a religion. Rather, as a “social system,” Islam constitutes a legitimate basis for national identity, and the Hui (Huihui), or Chinese Muslims, therefore constitute a minority nationality. This essay explores the origins of the CCP's understanding of Islam in the 1930s and 1940s, when the Party first formulated its policy vis-à-vis the Hui. Glasserman shows how this understanding of Islam as “not just a religion” suited the political, geopolitical, and ideological circumstances of the Yan'an period (1936–48). He also shows how this understanding was informed by contemporary Hui discourse and activism.
Thinking the Question of Religious Minorities in Colonial South Asia
Authors: Tareen SherAli 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This conceptual essay pivots on the following problem: Tethered to a context of Muslim empire, how is the legacy of the premodern Islamic legal tradition engaged and negotiated in the modern colonial moment in South Asia, marked by the loss of Muslim political sovereignty and the emergence of South Asian Muslims as a minority community? It engages this question through the example of intra-Muslim debates and contestations on the boundaries of friendship between Muslims and non-Muslims in modern South Asia, with a focus on the thought of certain prominent traditionalist ‘ulama’.
From the Subcontinent with Love
Authors: Patel Trishula 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
“Africa weaves a magic spell around even a temporary visitor,” wrote the former Indian high commissioner to East and Central Africa, Apa Pant, in 1987, echoing the allure that the continent had over him and other fellow Indian diplomats. But the diplomatic roles of men like Pant and the history of Indian engagement with Rhodesia has not, until now, been explored. This article argues that the central role of India in the colonial world ensured that London reined in the white settler Rhodesian government from enacting discriminatory legislation against its minority Indian populations. After Indian independence in 1947, the postcolonial government shifted from advocating specifically for the rights of Indians overseas to ideological support for the independence of oppressed peoples across the British colonial world, a mission with which it tasked its diplomatic representatives. But after India left its post in Salisbury in 1965, Indian public rhetorical support for African nationalist movements in Rhodesia was not matched by its private support for British settlement plans that were largely opposed by the leading African political parties in the country, colored by private patronizing attitudes by India's representatives toward African nationalists and the assumption that they were not yet ready to govern themselves.
Highly Cushioned Shoes Improve Running Performance in Both the Absence and Presence of Muscle Damage
Authors: Black Matthew I. , Kranen Sascha H. , Kadach Stefan , Vanhatalo Anni , Winn Brad , Farina Emily M. , Kirby Brett S. , Jones Andrew M. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose
We tested the hypotheses that a highly cushioned running shoe (HCS) would 1) improve incremental exercise performance and reduce the oxygen cost (Oc) of submaximal running, and 2) attenuate the deterioration in Oc elicited by muscle damage consequent to a downhill run.

Methods
Thirty-two recreationally active participants completed an incremental treadmill test in an HCS and a control running shoe (CON) for the determination of Oc and maximal performance. Subsequently, participants were pair matched and randomly assigned to one of the two footwear conditions to perform a moderate-intensity running bout before and 48 h after a 30-min downhill run designed to elicit muscle damage.

Results
Incremental treadmill test performance was improved (+5.7%; +1:16 min:ss; P < 0.01) in the HCS when assessed in the nondamaged state, relative to CON. This coincided with a significantly lower Oc (−3.2%; −6 mL·kg−1·km−1; P < 0.001) at a range of running speeds and an increase in the speed corresponding to 3 mM blood lactate (+3.2%; +0.4 km·h−1; P < 0.05). As anticipated, the downhill run resulted in significant changes in biochemical, histological, and perceptual markers of muscle damage, and a significant increase in Oc (+5.2%; 10.1 mL·kg−1·km−1) was observed 48 h post. In the presence of muscle damage, Oc was significantly lower in HCS (−4.6%; −10 mL·kg−1·km−1) compared with CON.

Conclusions
These results indicate that HCS improved incremental exercise performance and Oc in the absence of muscle damage and show, for the first time, that despite worsening of Oc consequent to muscle damage, improved Oc in HCS is maintained.
Platelet count can predict the grade of esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Afsar Anum , Nadeem Muhammad , Shah Syed Asim Ali , Hussain Huma , Rani Aysha , Ghaffar Sadaf 
Published: November 2021

Background: Bleeding from esophageal varices is a life-threatening complication in cirrhosis. Screening endoscopy is recommended in cirrhotic patients to identify patients at risk of variceal hemorrhage, but this is an invasive procedure and has limitations. Therefore, thrombocytopenia has been proposed to predict the existence and grade of esophageal varices. The aim of the current study was to determine a correlation between platelet count and grades of esophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the POF Hospital, Wah Cantt from 1st October, 2017 to 30th May, 2018. Newly diagnosed cases of cirrhosis having varices of any grade on endoscopy were included. Endoscopic findings of patients were standardized using Paquet grading system. On the basis of platelet count, patients were divided into four subgroups. Platelet count groups were correlated with grading of esophageal varices using Spearman rank correlations. Chi Square test was used to see association between the platelet count and grade of esophageal varices. Results: 110 patients were included in the study, 55.5% (n=61) were male. Mean age of the patients was 59.89±9.01 years. Platelet count was <50,000/uL in 35.5% patients, 50,000-99,000/uL in 26.4%, 100,000-150000 in 12.7%, and >150,000/uL in 25.5% patients. Grade I esophageal varices were found in 23.6% of patients, whereas grade II, III and IV were found in 24.5%, 33.6% and 18.2% of patients, respectively. Mean platelet count was 213884.62/mm3 in patients with grade I varices, whereas it was 119518.52/mm3, 58386.49/mm3 and 21600.00/mm3 in patients with grade II, III and IV varices, respectively (p=<0.0001). A significant negative correlation between platelet count and grades of esophageal varices was found (p<0.001). Conclusion: Platelet count can predict the grade of esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients. There is significant negative correlation between platelet count and grades of esophageal varices.
Acedia, loneliness, and the mandatory celibacy of Catholic parish clergy: a theological-sociological exploratory analysis
Authors: Ballano Vivencio 
Published: November 2021

This article utilizes the analytical concept of acedia as the fundamental theoretical framework and applies a systematic literature review of peer-reviewed materials and documents on spiritual sloth, spiritual dryness, Catholic clerical celibacy, social bonding and communal spirituality. This article explores how the Catholic parish clergy’s mandatory celibacy intensifies loneliness and facilitates the spiritual sloth of parish clergy or what is theologically known as acedia. Unlike religious priests who live in religious communities, parish clerics fundamentally live, work, and pray alone in the parish, without strong communal support from fellow priests, bishops, and lay parishioners; thus, making them prone to loneliness, a main component of acedia. This article argues that mandatory celibacy further deprives parish clerics of the social and spiritual support necessary to enhance diocesan clerical spirituality and strengthen spiritual resistance against acedia. It recommends a structural adjustment in the social and spiritual life of parish priests, creating small communities of priests situated in similar territory or districts to allow them to live and work as a team with strong social and spiritual support in the spirit of “living baptismally” to overcome priestly acedia.
What You Need to Know When Estimating Impact Functions with Panel Data for Demographic Research
Authors: Ludwig Volker , Brüderl Josef 
Published: November 2021

The estimation of impact functions – that is the time-varying causal effect of a dichotomous treatment (e.g., marriage, divorce, parenthood) on outcomes (e.g., earnings, well-being, health) – has become a standard procedure in demographic applications. The basic methodology of estimating impact functions with panel data and fixed-effects regressions is now widely known. However, many researchers may not be fully aware of the methodological subtleties of the approach, which may lead to biased estimates of the impact function. In this paper, we highlight potential pitfalls and provide guidance on how to avoid these in practice. We demonstrate these issues with exemplary analyses, using data from the German Family Panel (pairfam) study and estimating the effect of motherhood on life satisfaction.

* This article belongs to a special issue on “Identification of causal mechanisms in demographic research: The contribution of panel data”.
The Distortion in Prices Due to Passive Investing
Authors: Baruch Shmuel , Zhang Xiaodi 
Published: November 2021

In the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), it is ex post optimal to index. To examine the implications of market indexing, we develop a conditional CAPM with costless private information in which some investors are, for exogenous reasons, ex ante indexers. We show that, as more nonindexers become indexers, the price efficiency of stocks diminishes, asset prices comove, and the statistical fit (measured by R2) of the CAPM regression decreases. We also report asset prices at the limit, when 100% of the investors are market indexers. This paper was accepted by Tyler Shumway, finance.
Training Healthcare Professionals to Work With People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Smith Sydnie E. , McCann Hannah P. , Urbano Richard C. , Dykens Elisabeth M. , Hodapp Robert M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study assessed 155 healthcare providers, from nine disciplines, who work professionally with people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Using a national, web-based survey, respondents rated their experience, comfort, and competence in treating individuals with different disability types and preferred methods of continuing education; respondents also provided suggestions for attracting others to work with the IDD population. Findings revealed that experiences, comfort, and competence were all higher concerning persons with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID), lower for those with deaf-blindness. Overall, levels of experience exceeded levels of comfort, which in turn exceeded levels of competence. The most helpful venues for continued training involved day-to-day contact with persons with IDD, which also characterized open-ended responses. Research and practical implications are discussed.