bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective properties of particulate nano-composites including Steigmann–Ogden model of material surface
Authors: Nazarenko Lidiia , Stolarski Henryk , Altenbach Holm 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe objective of this work is inclusion of the Steigmann-Ogden interface in the Method of Conditional Moments to investigate the influence of surface effects on the effective properties of random particulate composites. The particular focus is centered on accounting for the surface bending stiffness. To this end, the notion of the energy-equivalent inhomogeneity developed for Gurtin–Murdoch interface is generalized to include the surface bending contribution. The crucial aspect of that generalization is identification of the formula defining energy associated with the surface bending. With the help of that formula, the real nano-particle and its surface are replaced by equivalent inhomogeneity with properties incorporating the surface effects. Closed-form expressions for the effective moduli of a composite with a matrix and randomly distributed spherical inhomogeneities are derived. The normalized shear moduli of nanoporous material as a function of void volume fraction is analyzed and evaluated in the context of other theoretical predictions.
On the turnpike property with interior decay for optimal control problems
Authors: Gugat Martin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper the turnpike phenomenon is studied for problems of optimal control where both pointwise-in-time state and control constraints can appear. We assume that in the objective function, a tracking term appears that is given as an integral over the time-interval $$[0,\, T]$$

[
0
,

T
]

and measures the distance to a desired stationary state. In the optimal control problem, both the initial and the desired terminal state are prescribed. We assume that the system is exactly controllable in an abstract sense if the time horizon is long enough. We show that that the corresponding optimal control problems on the time intervals $$[0, \, T]$$

[
0
,

T
]

give rise to a turnpike structure in the sense that for natural numbers n if T is sufficiently large, the contribution of the objective function from subintervals of [0, T] of the form $$\begin{aligned} {[}t - t/2^n,\; t + (T-t)/2^n] \end{aligned}$$

[
t
-
t
/

2
n

,

t
+

(
T
-
t
)

/

2
n

]

is of the order $$1/\min \{t^n, (T-t)^n\}$$

1
/
min
{

t
n

,

(
T
-
t
)

n

}

. We also show that a similar result holds for $$\epsilon $$
ϵ
-optimal solutions of the optimal control problems if $$\epsilon >0$$

ϵ
>
0

is chosen sufficiently small. At the end of the paper we present both systems that are governed by ordinary differential equations and systems governed by partial differential equations where the results can be applied.
Green machine learning via augmented Gaussian processes and multi-information source optimization
Authors: Candelieri Antonio , Perego Riccardo , Archetti Francesco 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSearching for accurate machine and deep learning models is a computationally expensive and awfully energivorous process. A strategy which has been recently gaining importance to drastically reduce computational time and energy consumed is to exploit the availability of different information sources, with different computational costs and different “fidelity,” typically smaller portions of a large dataset. The multi-source optimization strategy fits into the scheme of Gaussian Process-based Bayesian Optimization. An Augmented Gaussian Process method exploiting multiple information sources (namely, AGP-MISO) is proposed. The Augmented Gaussian Process is trained using only “reliable” information among available sources. A novel acquisition function is defined according to the Augmented Gaussian Process. Computational results are reported related to the optimization of the hyperparameters of a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier using two sources: a large dataset—the most expensive one—and a smaller portion of it. A comparison with a traditional Bayesian Optimization approach to optimize the hyperparameters of the SVM classifier on the large dataset only is reported.
High incidence of fractures after R-CHOP-like chemotherapy for aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas
Authors: Huang Li-Wen , Sun Dong , Link Thomas M. , Lang Thomas , Ai Weiyun , Kaplan Lawrence D. , Steinman Michael A. , Andreadis Charalambos 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) have a median age of 67, with 70% surviving over 5 years. Chemotherapy for aggressive NHL includes cyclophosphamide, anthracycline, and high doses of corticosteroids, which can impair bone health. By reviewing clinical characteristics and standard-of-care CT scans, we evaluate the prevalence and incidence of fractures and the clinical correlates of fractures in patients treated for aggressive B-cell NHL.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed patients seen at the University of California San Francisco lymphoma clinic from January 1, 2016, to March 31, 2017 who had (1) aggressive B-cell NHL, (2) received first-line therapy with R-CHOP-like regimens, and had (3) CT scans pre- and post-treatment available for review. Associations between clinical variables and vertebral, rib, and pelvic fracture outcomes were assessed, and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of prevalent and incident fractures.

Results
We identified 162 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Median age at diagnosis was 60 years. Of the 162 patients, 38 patients (28%) had prevalent fractures prior to receiving chemotherapy. Within 1 year after treatment, 16 patients (10%) developed new fractures. Having a prevalent fracture strongly predicted developing a new fracture after treatment, with incident fractures occurring in 12 of 38 patients with prevalent fractures versus 4 of 124 without prevalent fractures (odds ratio 10.45, p<0.0005).

Conclusion
Our results suggest that patients with aggressive B-cell NHL who receive R-CHOP-like therapy should be screened for fractures prior to treatment and those with existing fractures should be considered for therapy to decrease risk of new fractures.
On Finite Groups with an Automorphism of Prime Order Whose Fixed Points Have Bounded Engel Sinks
Authors: Khukhro E. I. , Shumyatsky P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA left Engel sink of an element g of a group G is a set $${\mathscr {E}}(g)$$

E
(
g
)

such that for every $$x\in G$$

x
∈
G

all sufficiently long commutators $$[...[[x,g],g],\dots ,g]$$

[
.
.
.
[
[
x
,
g
]
,
g
]
,
⋯
,
g
]

belong to $${\mathscr {E}}(g)$$

E
(
g
)

. (Thus, g is a left Engel element precisely when we can choose $${\mathscr {E}}(g)=\{ 1\}$$

E
(
g
)
=
{
1
}

.) We prove that if a finite group G admits an automorphism $$\varphi $$
φ
of prime order coprime to |G| such that for some positive integer m every element of the centralizer $$C_G(\varphi )$$

C
G

(
φ
)

has a left Engel sink of cardinality at most m, then the index of the second Fitting subgroup $$F_2(G)$$

F
2

(
G
)

is bounded in terms of m. A right Engel sink of an element g of a group G is a set $${\mathscr {R}}(g)$$

R
(
g
)

such that for every $$x\in G$$

x
∈
G

all sufficiently long commutators $$[\ldots [[g,x],x],\dots ,x]$$

[
…
[
[
g
,
x
]
,
x
]
,
⋯
,
x
]

belong to $${\mathscr {R}}(g)$$

R
(
g
)

. (Thus, g is a right Engel element precisely when we can choose $${\mathscr {R}}(g)=\{ 1\}$$

R
(
g
)
=
{
1
}

.) We prove that if a finite group G admits an automorphism $$\varphi $$
φ
of prime order coprime to |G| such that for some positive integer m every element of the centralizer $$C_G(\varphi )$$

C
G

(
φ
)

has a right Engel sink of cardinality at most m, then the index of the Fitting subgroup $$F_1(G)$$

F
1

(
G
)

is bounded in terms of m.
Financial judgment determination in adults with ADHD
Authors: Koerts Janneke , Bangma Dorien F. , Fuermaier Anselm B. M. , Mette Christian , Tucha Lara , Tucha Oliver 
Published: March 2021

AbstractADHD has a debilitating influence on everyday functioning, including the capability to make financial decisions. The capability to make financial decisions is a multidimensional construct that includes financial knowledge, financial judgment, financial performance and related contextual factors. So far, the majority of studies in adults with ADHD focused on financial performance, while the other aspects of financial capability were less explored. The current study aims to partly bridge this gap by examining the ability of financial judgment in adults with ADHD. Thirty-nine adults with ADHD and 83 adults without ADHD were included. All participants were assessed with the Financial Competence Assessment Inventory (FCAI) and Financial Decision-Making Interview (FDMI) which both assess the four abilities of financial judgment, i.e., understanding, appreciation, reasoning and communication. The results show that adults with ADHD, compared to adults without ADHD, obtained significantly lower scores on understanding (according to the FCAI and FDMI). Furthermore, adults with ADHD showed a significantly lower appreciation, reasoning and communication (according to the FCAI) than adults without ADHD. In conclusion, adults with ADHD have difficulties with financial judgment especially with the ability to understand information that is relevant for a financial situation or transaction. Furthermore, adults with ADHD were found to have problems with appreciating, reasoning and communicating about practical information that partly relates to their own financial situation (as assessed with the FCAI). A careful assessment of financial capability in adults with ADHD, therefore, appears warranted in clinical practice.
Characterisation of upper gradients on the weighted Euclidean space and applications
Authors: Lučić Danka , Pasqualetto Enrico , Rajala Tapio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the context of Euclidean spaces equipped with an arbitrary Radon measure, we prove the equivalence among several different notions of Sobolev space present in the literature and we characterise the minimal weak upper gradient of all Lipschitz functions.
Oseledets Splitting and Invariant Manifolds on Fields of Banach Spaces
Authors: Ghani Varzaneh Mazyar , Riedel S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe prove a semi-invertible Oseledets theorem for cocycles acting on measurable fields of Banach spaces, i.e. we only assume invertibility of the base, not of the operator. As an application, we prove an invariant manifold theorem for nonlinear cocycles acting on measurable fields of Banach spaces.
Inability to Work Fulltime, Prevalence and Associated Factors Among Applicants for Work Disability Benefit
Authors: Boersema Henk-Jan , Hoekstra Tialda , Abma Femke , Brouwer Sandra 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurpose Inability to work fulltime is an important outcome in the assessment of workers applying for a disability benefit. However, limited knowledge is available about the prevalence and degree of the inability to work fulltime, the associations between disease-related and socio-demographic factors with inability to work fulltime and whether the prevalence and the associations differ across disease groups. Methods Anonymized register data on assessments of workers with residual work capacity (n = 30,177, age 48.8 ± 11.0, 53.9% female) applying for a work disability benefit in 2016 were used. Inability to work fulltime was defined as being able to work less than 8 h per day. Results The prevalence of inability to work fulltime was 39.4%, of these 62.5% could work up to 4 h per day. Higher age (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.01–1.01), female gender (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.37–1.52), higher education (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.33–1.55) and multimorbidity (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.11) showed higher odds for inability to work fulltime. Highest odds for inability to work fulltime were found for diseases of the blood, neoplasms and diseases of the respiratory system. Within specific disease groups, different associations were identified between disease-related and socio-demographic factors. Conclusion The prevalence and degree of inability to work fulltime in work disability benefit assessments is high. Specific chronic diseases are found to have higher odds for inability to work fulltime, and associated factors differ per disease group.
Post-Diagnostic Dietary and Lifestyle Factors and Prostate Cancer Recurrence, Progression, and Mortality
Authors: Langlais Crystal S. , Graff Rebecca E. , Van Blarigan Erin L. , Palmer Nynikka R. , Washington Samuel L. , Chan June M. , Kenfield Stacey A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This study aimed to summarize evidence published between 1999 and June 2020 examining diet and lifestyle after prostate cancer (PC) diagnosis in relation to risk of biochemical recurrence, PC progression, and PC-specific mortality.

Recent Findings
Secondary prevention is an important research area in cancer survivorship. A growing number of studies have reported associations between post-diagnostic modifiable behaviors and risk of PC outcomes.

Summary
Evidence on modifiable lifestyle factors and PC remains limited. Where multiple studies exist, findings are often mixed. However, studies consistently suggest that smoking and consumption of whole milk/high-fat dairy are associated with higher risk of PC recurrence and mortality. In addition, physical activity and ½ to 1 glass of red wine/day have been associated with lower risk of recurrence and PC-specific mortality. Greater inclusion of racially/ethnically diverse groups in future research is necessary to understand these relationships in populations most impacted by adverse PC outcomes.
An exploratory investigation into the effects of mental defeat on pain threshold, pain rating, pain anticipation, and mood
Authors: Collard Victoria E. J. , Gillett Jenna L. , Themelis Kristy , Tang Nicole K. Y. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn chronic pain, mental defeat is considered as a disabling type of self-evaluation triggered by repeated episodes of debilitating pain. This exploratory study experimentally tested the effect of an activated sense of defeat, as well as its interaction with pain catastrophizing, on pain and mood. Participants (N = 71) were allocated to either high or low pain catastrophizing groups and then randomly assigned to receive either defeat or neutral manipulations. A cold pressor task administered before and after the thought manipulation measured pain threshold, alongside visual analogue scales for mental defeat, attention, pain intensity, pain anticipation as well as mood. Thought manipulation checks supported successful defeat activation. Defeat activation was associated with increased negative mood and attentional disengagement from the nociceptive stimuli, irrespective of pain catastrophizing tendency. There were no changes in pain threshold, pain or pain anticipation ratings. The results suggest that mental defeat can be experimentally activated using an autobiographical memory task and that an activated sense of defeat appears to operate independently from pain catastrophizing in influencing mood and attentional disengagement from the nociceptive stimuli. Future research can utilize our experimental approach to evaluate the effect of an activated sense of mental defeat in people with chronic pain, for whom the magnitude of pain, mood and attentional responses may be stronger and broader.
Life Cycle Assessment of Agricultural Wood Production—Methodological Options: a Literature Review
Authors: Perdomo E. E. Alejandro , Schwarzbauer Peter , Fürtner Daniela , Hesser Franziska 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn Europe, poplar and other fast-growing tree species are considered valuable resources for meeting the required wood demand of the rising bioeconomy. The agricultural technique of short rotation coppice (SRC) has gained relevance to ease the pressure of the demand for wood from forests. Previous studies have implemented the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology to evaluate such systems’ potential environmental impacts. These studies present different outcomes, though a general pattern on the potential benefit of SRC is observed. The variation of relevant methodological options, such as goal and scope, system boundary, functional unit, reference system, data source, characterization models, and impact categories assessed can significantly affect the results. A consequence of this discrepancy is its effect on results’ interpretation, making the absolute comparison of case studies challenging and hindering the understanding of the potential impacts of SRC LCAs in support of developing a sustainable bioeconomy. Therefore, the current research attempts to understand the methodological implementation of LCA in assessing SRC value chains. Through literature research, studies are analyzed based on the four LCA phases. One of the results of this study shows how most of the articles focus on assessing the impact category related to climate change, while other environmental issues that are particularly relevant for agricultural woody biomass systems are seldomly evaluated. By discussing the state of the art of SRC LCA, this review paper attempts to suggest improvements that will allow future LCA studies to reach a more comprehensive understanding of the overall environmental impact of SRC systems.
Designing business model development tools for sustainability—a design science study
Authors: Schoormann Thorsten , Stadtländer Maren , Knackstedt Ralf 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe development of business models that boost fundamental changes in behavior to act more economically, ecologically, and socially is a challenging task because the consideration of sustainability is a multidimensional problem characterized by uncertainty and value conflicts. In order to deal with such complex tasks, methodological and technical tool support is required. Even though tools for business model development are well-established, they typically focus on economic obligations and pay little attention to ecological and social concerns. To bridge this gap, we shed light on the question of how functions for software can be designed to respect sustainability in business models. We present a software prototype and prescriptive design knowledge in the form of design principles and features, and thereby aim to contribute to the information systems body of knowledge by providing guidance to software designers and business model developers on how to reflect on sustainability.
On the application of surrogate regression models for aerodynamic coefficient prediction
Authors: Andrés-Pérez Esther , Paulete-Periáñez Carlos 
Published: March 2021

AbstractComputational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are nowadays been intensively used in aeronautical industries to analyse the aerodynamic performance of different aircraft configurations within a design process. These simulations allow to reduce time and cost compared to wind tunnel experiments or flight tests. However, for complex configurations, CFD simulations may still take several hours using high-performance computers to deliver results. For this reason, surrogate models are currently starting to be considered as a substitute of the CFD tool with a reasonable prediction. This paper presents a review on surrogate regression models for aerodynamic coefficient prediction, in particular for the prediction of lift and drag coefficients. To compare the behaviour of the regression models, three different aeronautical configurations have been used, a NACA0012 airfoil, a RAE2822 airfoil and 3D DPW wing. These databases are also freely provided to the scientific community to allow other researchers to make further comparison with other methods.
Soil geochemistry, edaphic and climatic characteristics as components of Tunisian olive terroirs: Relationship with the multielemental composition of olive oils for their geographical traceability
Authors: Damak Fadwa , Bougi Mohamed Seddik Mahmoud , Araoka Daisuke , Baba Koji , Furuya Manami , Ksibi Mohamed , Tamura Kenji 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOlive oil traceability based on the intrinsic chemical composition of the oil is becoming increasingly important due to the prevalence of fraudulent geographical labelling of olive oils. For a traceability tool to be valid, it should be based on olive oil properties that are clearly related to provenance factors. However, multielement analysis of the oil has been used as a traceability tool without any proof of a direct link between the multielemental composition and the geographical origin of the oil. In order to verify this link, Tunisian olive terroir components from the 11 major olive-producing regions were sampled to evaluate the influences of these components (especially soil and climate) on the geochemical composition of Tunisian olive oil. Overall, geochemical processes relating to strontium and rare-earth element (REE) enrichment were found to control the multelemental compositions of Tunisian soils. Even though olive oils from the 11 Tunisian olive-growing regions considered did not strongly reflect the geochemical signatures of the corresponding Tunisian soils, the concentrations of four elements in the oils, namely Fe, Ti, Ni and Ba, showed significant positive Spearman correlations with their concentrations in the bioavailable extracts from those soils. Moreover, there were numerous significant correlations of elements in the olive oil with soil chemical and climate parameters. Our results clearly confirm that the complex interactions of the olives with the climate and soil chemistry during cultivation significantly affect the multielemental composition of the resulting olive oil. This finding implies that the elemental profile of the olive oil is an effective and valid marker of the geographical origin of the oil, as it is significantly linked to oil provenance factors. It also explains the discrepancies between the geochemical signature of an oil and that of the soil in which the olives were grown, as climate parameters affect the transfer of that signature from soil to olives. This work therefore provides the basis for a scientifically based approach to olive oil traceability. The results of this work can be utilized by agricultural authorities to realise the multielement-based traceability of olive oils from various Tunisian regions.
Graphic abstract
Comparing quantum hybrid reinforcement learning to classical methods
Authors: Moll Maximilian , Kunczik Leonhard 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn recent history, reinforcement learning (RL) proved its capability by solving complex decision problems by mastering several games. Increased computational power and the advances in approximation with neural networks (NN) paved the path to RL’s successful applications. Even though RL can tackle more complex problems nowadays, it still relies on computational power and runtime. Quantum computing promises to solve these issues by its capability to encode information and the potential quadratic speedup in runtime. We compare tabular Q-learning and Q-learning using either a quantum or a classical approximation architecture on the frozen lake problem. Furthermore, the three algorithms are analyzed in terms of iterations until convergence to the optimal behavior, memory usage, and runtime. Within the paper, NNs are utilized for approximation in the classical domain, while in the quantum domain variational quantum circuits, as a quantum hybrid approximation method, have been used. Our simulations show that a quantum approximator is beneficial in terms of memory usage and provides a better sample complexity than NNs; however, it still lacks the computational speed to be competitive.