bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vital rate estimates for the common eiderSomateria mollissima, a data‐rich exemplar of the seaduck tribe
Authors: Nicol‐Harper Alex , Wood Kevin A. , Diamond Antony W. , Major Heather L. , Petersen Aevar , Tertitski Grigori , Doncaster C. Patrick , Ezard Thomas H. G. , Hilton Geoff M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis database collates vital rate estimates for the common eider (Somateria mollissima), providing a complete demographic parameterization for this slow life‐history species. Monitored across its circumpolar range, the common eider represents a data‐rich exemplar species for the less‐studied seaducks, many of which are under threat.The database contains estimates of the following vital rates: first‐year survival; second‐year survival; adult annual survival; first breeding (both age‐specific recruitment probability, and breeding propensity across potential recruitment ages); breeding propensity of established female breeders; clutch size; hatching success; and fledging success. These estimates are drawn from 134 studies, across the scientific and grey literature, including three previously inaccessible datasets on clutch size that were contributed in response to a call for data through the IUCN Species Survival Commission's Duck Specialist Group.Although clutch size has been much studied, the contributed datasets have enhanced coverage of studies reported in non‐English languages, which were otherwise only represented when cited in English‐language publications. Breeding propensity has been little studied, perhaps because adult females are often assumed to attempt breeding every year; we obtained a mean breeding propensity of 0.72. Our synthesis highlights the following gaps in data availability: juvenile and male survival; population change; and studies from Russia (at least accessible in English).The database is intended to serve population modellers and scientists involved in the policy and practice of seaduck conservation and management.
Efficient Bulk Defect Suppression Strategy in FASnI3 Perovskite for Photovoltaic Performance Enhancement
Authors: Chang Bohong , Li Bo , Wang Zhongxiao , Li Hui , Wang Lian , Pan Lu , Li Zihao , Yin Longwei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDespite Sn‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) prevailing over lead‐free candidates, the Sn vacancies (VSn) and Sn4+ defects seriously deteriorate device photovoltaic performance. The presently reported methods can only effectively achieve surface defect passivation, and it is of great challenge and fundamental importance to develop efficient strategy to deal with the intrinsic defects located inside the lattice. Herein, a novel bulk defect suppression strategy is proposed, introducing large organic piperazine cations (PZ2+) into the lattice of 3D FASnI3 perovskite to restrain the generation of bulk defects. The incorporation of PZ2+ results in forming a FA1−2yPZ2ySn1−yI3 (0 ≤ y ≤ 0.25) structure with no reduction in dimensionality, which guarantees the continuity of [SnI6] octahedral structures with unobstructed carrier transport and reduced charged defects. The potent interactions between PZ2+ and [SnI6] structures enhance VSn formation energy and effectively suppress bulk defect formation. As a result, the FASnI3+1%PZ films exhibit optimized crystalline quality, decreased background carrier density, lower p‐type self‐doping, and reduced trap state density. Benefiting from the above advantages, the FASnI3+1%PZ device achieves an optimal PCE of 9.15% and unencapsulated device maintains over 95% of initial PCE after aging for 1000 h in N2 golvebox. The bulk defect suppression strategy provides fire‐new building bricks toward high‐performance Sn‐based PSCs.
Dynamic Pressure Sensitive Adhesion in Nematic Phase of Liquid Crystal Elastomers
Authors: Farre‐Kaga Hiro J. , Saed Mohand O. , Terentjev Eugene M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe correlation between the anomalous mechanical dissipation and the pressure‐sensitive adhesion in nematic liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) is explored, comparing hard glassy and soft materials (high and low crosslinking density, respectively) and nematic versus isotropic genesis. Two significant factors are identified contributing to strong adhesion: the intrinsic damping, which is high in the nematic phase, and the surface roughness, which is affected by the elastomer genesis. At the same time, it is found that surface energy plays only a minor role in pressure‐sensitive adhesion. Theoretical calculations of dynamic adhesion are carried out by summing over the full range of frequencies in the dynamic‐mechanical master curves data, and by averaging over surface roughness in soft and hard regimes, the results fitting the measured data with quantitative accuracy. Finally, the adhesion strength in LCEs altered by controlling the nematic phase temperature range is demonstrated.
Low‐Cost, Large‐Area, Multifunctional Stretchable E‐Tattoos Inspired by Dough Figurines for Wearable Human‐Machine Interfaces
Authors: Niu Haoran , Li Min , Yang Lina , Xu Baochun , Li Mingyue , Wang Hongfei , Guo Qiuquan , Meng Zhaosheng , Liu Yijian , Chen Da 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNoninvasive electronic tattoo (e‐tattoo) attached to human skin surface for accurately obtaining various physiological information, has been widely used in wearable human‐machine interfaces (HMIs) for medical care, sports training, and artificial intelligence. The existing preparation technologies of e‐tattoos are difficult to satisfy the requirement of commercial mass production due to their high cost and low time efficiency. Here, inspired by the Chinese folk craftsmanship of dough figurines, a set of one‐step forming embossing process and a thermal‐mismatch‐induced transfer method are proposed for high‐efficient manufacture of low‐cost, large‐area, and multifunctional stretchable e‐tattoos. Benefited from the excellent flexibility and stretchability, the fabricated e‐tattoos can conformably follow the deformation of skin and collect high‐quality bioelectrical signals. Moreover, it can maintain good mechanical and electrical properties even when stretched to 40%. As a proof‐of‐concept, the 5‐µm‐thick e‐tattoo electrodes with hollow‐out and serpentine design are fabricated and demonstrated for the wearable HMI applications of electrocardiogram, electromyogram, brain training, epidermal heating, and flexible interconnection. Therefore, this cost‐effective and high‐fidelity e‐tattoo provides a potential path for the wearable HMI of widespread, non‐irritating, and multifunctional.
Periosteal CD68+F4/80+ Macrophages Are Mechanosensitive for Cortical Bone Formation by Secretion and Activation of TGF‐β1
Authors: Deng Ruoxian , Li Changwei , Wang Xiao , Chang Leilei , Ni Shuangfei , Zhang Weixin , Xue Peng , Pan Dayu , Wan Mei , Deng Lianfu , Cao Xu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMechanical force regulates bone density, modeling, and homeostasis. Substantial periosteal bone formation is generated by external mechanical stimuli, yet its mechanism is poorly understood. Here, it is shown that myeloid‐lineage cells differentiate into subgroups and regulate periosteal bone formation in response to mechanical loading. Mechanical loading on tibiae significantly increases the number of periosteal myeloid‐lineage cells and the levels of active transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β), resulting in cortical bone formation. Knockout of Tgfb1 in myeloid‐lineage cells attenuates mechanical loading‐induced periosteal bone formation in mice. Moreover, CD68+F4/80+ macrophages, a subtype of myeloid‐lineage cells, express and activate TGF‐β1 for recruitment of osteoprogenitors. Particularly, mechanical loading induces the differentiation of periosteal CD68+F4/80− myeloid‐lineage cells to the CD68+F4/80+ macrophages via signaling of piezo‐type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1 (Piezo1) for TGF‐β1 secretion. Importantly, CD68+F4/80+ macrophages activate TGF‐β1 by expression and secretion of thrombospondin‐1 (Thbs1). Administration of Thbs1 inhibitor significantly impairs loading‐induced TGF‐β activation and recruitment of osteoprogenitors in the periosteum. The results suggest that periosteal myeloid‐lineage cells respond to mechanical forces and consequently produce and activate TGF‐β1 for periosteal bone formation.
Boosting Nitrogen Reduction Reaction via Electronic Coupling of Atomically Dispersed Bismuth with Titanium Nitride Nanorods
Authors: Xi Zichao , Shi Ke , Xu Xuan , Jing Peng , Liu Baocang , Gao Rui , Zhang Jun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractElectrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is a promising alternative to the traditional Haber–Bosch process. However, the sluggish kinetics and competitive hydrogen evolution reaction result in poor NH3 yield and low Faradaic efficiency (FE). Herein, single bismuth atoms incorporated hollow titanium nitride nanorods encapsulated in nitrogen‐doped carbon layer (NC) supported on carbon cloth (NC/Bi SAs/TiN/CC) is constructed for electrocatalytic NRR. Impressively, as an integrated electrode, it exhibits a superior ammonia yield rate of 76.15 µg mgcat−1 h−1 (9859 µg μmolBi−1 h−1) at −0.8 V versus RHE and a high FE of 24.60% at −0.5 V versus RHE in 0.1 m Na2SO4 solution, which can retain stable performance in 10 h continuous operation, surpassing the overwhelming majority of reported Bi‐based NRR catalysts. Coupling various characterizations with theory calculations, it is disclosed that the unique monolithic core‐shell configuration with porous structure endows abundant accessible active sites, outstanding charge‐transfer property, and good stability, while the cooperation effect of Bi SAs and TiN can simultaneously promote the hydrogenation of N2 into NH3* on the TiN surface and the desorption of NH3* to release NH3 on the Bi SA sites. These features result in the significant promotion of NRR performance.
Y6 Organic Thin‐Film Transistors with Electron Mobilities of 2.4 cm2 V−1 s−1 via Microstructural Tuning
Authors: Gutierrez‐Fernandez Edgar , Scaccabarozzi Alberto D. , Basu Aniruddha , Solano Eduardo , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Martín Jaime 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThere is a growing demand to attain organic materials with high electron mobility, μe, as current reliable reported values are significantly lower than those exhibited by their hole mobility counterparts. Here, it is shown that a well‐known nonfullerene‐acceptor commonly used in organic solar cells, that is, BTP‐4F (aka Y6), enables solution‐processed organic thin‐film transistors (OTFT) with a μe as high as 2.4 cm2 V−1 s−1. This value is comparable to those of state‐of‐the‐art n‐type OTFTs, opening up a plethora of new possibilities for this class of materials in the field of organic electronics. Such efficient charge transport is linked to a readily achievable highly ordered crystalline phase, whose peculiar structural properties are thoroughly discussed. This work proves that structurally ordered nonfullerene acceptors can exhibit intrinsically high mobility and introduces a new approach in the quest of high μe organic materials, as well as new guidelines for future materials design.
Recent Progress on Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks and Their Derivatives in Alkali Metal–Chalcogen Batteries
Authors: Ma Lianbo , Chen Huixian , Wu Junxiong , Lv Yaohui , Chen Xiang , Li Xiaoyan , Li Qing‐Jie , Di Jun , Chen Yuming 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe commercialization of high‐energy‐density alkali metal (Li, Na, and K)–chalcogen (S, Se, and Te) batteries (AMCBs) has been primarily hindered by the volume expansion of chalcogen cathodes during repeated charging/discharging cycles, the shuttling effect of intermediates in the electrolytes, and unstable alkali metal anodes. Owing to their unique structural and physicochemical characteristics, including high specific surface areas, self‐doped N atoms, open pore structure, versatile compositions, and favorable chemical stability, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) and their derivatives have been widely used in different battery components, such as cathodes, anodes, separators, and interlayers, to resolve these issues simultaneously. This review discusses recent advances in ZIFs and their derivatives for cathode construction, anode protection, and interlayer/separator design in AMCBs. The processing methods, structure and morphology engineering, composition tuning, and electrochemical performance of various ZIFs and their derivatives are systematically examined. More importantly, the remaining challenges and future research directions are summarized and discussed. This review is expected to offer new approaches for the rational design of ZIFs and their derivatives for emerging energy storage devices.
N‐Acetylcysteine provides limited efficacy as treatment option for skin picking in Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Wieting Jelte , Deest Maximilian , Bleich Stefan , Frieling Helge , Eberlein Christian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder based on a loss of paternally expressed genes in chromosome region 15q11‐13. In addition to typical characteristics such as hyperphagia, PWS is evidenced by a certain behavioral phenotype. Common indicators are repetitive behaviors, temper tantrums, and self‐injurious behaviors such as skin‐ and/or rectal picking. N‐Acetylcysteine (NAC) was previously described as a promising therapeutic option for skin picking in PWS. In this case series, we retrospectively investigated the effect of pharmacotherapy with NAC in 14 individuals with PWS suffering from skin‐ and/or rectal picking. Treatment success was determined using the Clinical Global Impression—Improvement scale (CGI‐I). The Clinical Global Impression—Efficacy index (CGI‐EI) was used to put treatment success and side effects into perspective. Six of fourteen patients, all of which were female, showed improvement in symptoms (dosage 1800–2400 mg/day), whereas six patients did not show any change during treatment. Moreover, two male patients treated for solitary rectal picking showed new onset of skin picking. Across all cases, a CGI‐I of 3 (corresponding to minimal improvement) was seen after 3 months of treatment, with a CGI‐EI of 1.6 (corresponding to moderate efficacy). NAC remains a reasonable therapeutic option in certain cases of skin picking in PWS but provides only limited efficacy compared to previous studies on the topic. There was a higher rate of adverse drug reactions than previously reported. The results particularly suggest caution in future treatment in individuals with solitary rectal picking and reduced efficacy when coadministered with neuroleptics.
A Ni0 σ‐Borane Complex Bearing a Rigid Bidentate Borane/Phosphine Ligand: Boryl Complex Formation by Oxidative Dehydrochloroborylation and Catalytic Activity for Ethylene Polymerization
Authors: Seidel Falk William , Nozaki Kyoko 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhile of interest, synthetically feasible access to boryl ligands and complexes remains limited, meaning such complexes remain underexploited in catalysis. For bidentate boryl ligands, oxidative addition of boranes to low‐valent IrI or Pt0 are the only examples yet reported. As part of our interest in developing improved group 10 ethylene polymerization catalysts, we present here an optimized synthesis of a novel, rigid borane/phosphine ligand and its Ni0 σ‐borane complex. From the latter, an unprecedented oxidative dehydrochloroborylation, to give a NiII boryl complex, was achieved. Furthermore, this new B/P ligand allowed the nickel‐catalyzed polymerization of ethylene, which suggests that Ni0 σ‐hydroborane complexes act as masked NiII boryl hydride reagents.
Self‐Expanding Ion‐Transport Channels on Anodes for Fast‐Charging Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: An Juan , Zhang Hongyu , Qi Lu , Li Guoxing , Li Yuliang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe propose self‐expanding lithium‐ion transport channels to construct a fast‐charging anode and realize high‐performance fast‐charging Li‐ion batteries. The self‐expanded Li‐ion transport channels can be enabled by a self‐reversible conversion of chemical bonds with different bond lengths in the anode driven by the interactions with Li ions during cycling, reduce the energy barrier of Li‐ion transport and allow a fast Li‐ion solid‐state diffusion, whereby the severe voltage polarization and Li metal plating are effectively eliminated. Our proof‐of‐concept demonstration of the self‐reversible conversion of chemical bonds on the surface of graphdiyne successfully verifies the self‐expanded Li‐ion transport channels, self‐accelerated Li in‐plane/out‐of‐plane migration, and superior fast‐charging capability with a high capacity (342 mA h g−1) and an ultra‐long lifespan (22 000 cycles) under extremely fast‐charging conditions (6 C rate, 1 C=744 mA g−1), even at low temperatures (−10 °C).
Nitridic Analogs of Micas AESi3P4N10(NH)2 (AE=Mg, Mg0.94Ca0.06, Ca, Sr)
Authors: Eisenburger Lucien , Strobel Philipp , Schmidt Peter J. , Bräuniger Thomas , Wright Jonathan , Bright Eleanor Lawrence , Giacobbe Carlotta , Oeckler Oliver , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe present the first nitridic analogs of micas, namely AESi3P4N10(NH)2 (AE=Mg, Mg0.94Ca0.06, Ca, Sr), which were synthesized under high‐pressure high‐temperature conditions at 1400 °C and 8 GPa from the refractory nitrides P3N5 and Si3N4, the respective alkaline earth amides, implementing NH4F as a mineralizer. The crystal structure was elucidated by single‐crystal diffraction with microfocused synchrotron radiation, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopic (EDX) mapping with atomic resolution, powder X‐ray diffraction, and solid‐state NMR. The structures consist of typical tetrahedra–octahedra–tetrahedra (T‐O‐T) layers with P occupying T and Si occupying O layers, realizing the rare motif of sixfold coordinated silicon atoms in nitrides. The presence of H, as an imide group forming the SiN4(NH)2 octahedra, is confirmed by SCXRD, MAS‐NMR, and IR spectroscopy. Eu2+‐doped samples show tunable narrow‐band emission from deep blue to cyan (451–492 nm).
Guest‐Dependent Isomer Convergence of a Permanently Fluxional Coordination Cage
Authors: Birvé André P. , Patel Harshal D. , Price Jason R. , Bloch Witold M. , Fallon Thomas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA fluxional bis‐monodentate ligand, based on the archetypal shape‐shifting molecule bullvalene, self‐assembles with M2+ (M=Pd2+ or Pt2+) to produce a highly complex ensemble of permanently fluxional coordination cages. Metal‐mediated self‐assembly selects for an M2L4 architecture while maintaining shape‐shifting ligand complexity. A second level of simplification is achieved with guest‐exchange; the binding of halides within the M2L4 cage mixture results in a convergence to a cage species with all four ligands present as the “B isomer”. Within this confine, the reaction graph of the bullvalene is greatly restricted, but gives rise to a mixture of 38 possible diastereoisomers in rapid exchange. X‐ray crystallography reveals a preference for an achiral form consisting of both ligand enantiomers. Through a combination of NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations, we elucidate the restricted isomerisation pathway of the permanently fluxional M2L4 assembly.
Transformation of Crowded Oligoarylene into Perylene‐Cored Chiral Nanographene by Sequential Oxidative Cyclization and 1,2‐Phenyl Migration
Authors: Wang Jinghao , Shen Chengshuo , Zhang Guoli , Gan Fuwei , Ding Yongle , Qiu Huibin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSynthetic innovation for constructing sophisticated nanographenes is of fundamental significance for a variety of advanced applications. Herein, we report a distinctive method to prepare π‐extended chiral nanographenes with 29 benzenoid rings and two helical breaches from a highly crowded perylene‐cored oligoarylene precursor. Under Scholl's conditions, the reaction predominantly involves the regioselective and sequential cyclization in the peri‐ and bay regions of the perylene core, and the complanation of the 1‐phenyl[5]helicene intermediate module via 1,2‐phenyl migration. The resulting chiral nanographenes are configurationally stable at 180 °C due to the high diastereomerization barriers of ca. 45 kcal mol−1. These molecules also possess globally delocalized π‐systems with low HOMO/LUMO gaps, leading to nearly panchromatic absorption, intensive electronic circular dichroism signals and deep‐red circularly polarized luminescence.
The construction and application of a blended teaching model under the strategic background of healthy China
Authors: Ma Jie , Jiang Xugan , Wang Jia , Liang Zhaofeng , Sun Zixuan , Qian Hui , Gong Aihua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn order to cultivate the ability of independent learning and lifelong learning of medical students, improve the ability of students to analyze and solve problems, improve the competence of medical talents and cultivate high‐level and innovative talents, we have constructed the blended teaching model of “Clinical Case Investigation—Online Open Course Learning—Classroom PBL Seminar—After‐Class Health Education”. At the same time, an ability‐oriented performance evaluation system improved the teaching quality feedback system has also established. This article introduces the construction and application of the blended teaching model, as well as the problems it faces, provides a theoretical basis for the optimization and improvement of this model. It also provides a model theory and practical basis for creating a blended online and offline “golden course” for the professional courses of medical laboratory technology.
A simple spreadsheet‐based method for relative quantification using quantitative real‐time PCR
Authors: Ng Hien Fuh , Ngeow Yun Fong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRelative quantification is a popular analysis in gene expression studies using quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR). However, the calculation steps using the major algorithms for this analysis are rather complicated. In this study, we developed an easy‐to‐use spreadsheet‐based method for relative quantification. The inputs from end‐users are the efficiencies of both target and reference genes and the Cq values of those genes from cases and controls. This method performed normalization (with one or more reference genes), calculation of fold change of gene expression, and statistical analysis to analyze the difference between the groups in a step‐by‐step manner, which would allow the end‐users to understand how the analysis arrived at the conclusion. Four previously published data sets with different experimental designs were used as examples. The calculated results were concordant with the results computed by the Relative Expression Software Tool (REST) 2009, a popular tool for relative quantification. Altogether, our method, which offers easy‐to‐understand calculation steps and does not require specialized instruments, software, or expertise to operate, would be a useful tool for students, educators, and scientists in the field of molecular biology.