bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epileptic Prodromes: Insights from Surveying 196 Patients and 150 Caregivers
Authors: Gagliano Laura , Bou Assi Elie , Herrera-Fortin Tamara , Lesage Frédéric , Sawan Mohamad , Nguyen Dang K. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT:Objective:Uncontrolled epilepsy creates a constant source of worry for patients and puts them at a high risk of injury. Identifying recurrent “premonitory” symptoms of seizures and using them to recalibrate seizure prediction algorithms may improve prediction performances. This study aimed to investigate patients’ ability to predict oncoming seizures based on preictal symptoms.Methods:Through an online survey, demographics and clinical characteristics (e.g., seizure frequency, epilepsy duration, and postictal symptom duration) were collected from people with epilepsy and caregivers across Canada. Respondents were asked to answer questions regarding their ability to predict seizures through warning symptoms. A total of 196 patients and 150 caregivers were included and were separated into three groups: those who reported warning symptoms within the 5 minutes preceding a seizure, prodromes (symptoms earlier than 5 minutes before seizure), and no warning symptoms.Results:Overall, 12.2% of patients and 12.0% of caregivers reported predictive prodromes ranging from 5 minutes to more than 24 hours before the seizures (median of 2 hours). The most common were dizziness/vertigo (28%), mood changes (26%), and cognitive changes (21%). Statistical testing showed that respondents who reported prodromes also reported significantly longer postictal recovery periods compared to those who did not report predictive prodromes (P < 0.05).Conclusion:Findings suggest that patients who present predictive seizure prodromes may be characterized by longer patient-reported postictal recovery periods. Studying the correlation between seizure severity and predictability and investigating the electrical activity underlying prodromes may improve our understanding of preictal mechanisms and ability to predict seizures.
Development of On-Site Medical System for Mass-Gathering Events During TOKYO 2020: Vulnerability Analysis Using Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis
Authors: Yamamoto Ryo , Maeshima Katsuya , Asakawa Shoko , Haiden Akina , Nishida Yusho , Yamazaki Noriko , Homma Koichiro , Sasaki Junichi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
At mass-gathering events of the Olympic and Paralympic Games, a well-organized, on-site medical system is essential. This study evaluated the vulnerabilities of the prehospital medical system of the TOKYO 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games (TOKYO2020) to propose corrections that can be generalized to other mass gatherings. The healthcare failure mode and effect analysis (HFMEA) was adopted to analyze vulnerabilities of the on-site medical system proposed by the organizing committee of TOKYO2020. Processes from detecting a patient on the scene to completing transport to a hospital were analyzed. Ten processes with 47 sub-processes and 122 possible failure modes were identified. HFMEA revealed 9 failure modes as vulnerabilities: misidentification of patient, delayed immediate care at the scene, misjudgment of disposition from the on-site medical suite, and inappropriate care during transportation to hospital. Proposed corrections included surveillance to decrease blind spots, first aid brochures for spectators, and uniform protocol for health care providers at the scene. The on-site medical system amended by HFMEA seemed to work appropriately in TOKYO2020.
Meso-Cenozoic negative inversion model for the Linhe Depression of Hetao Basin, China
Authors: Yu Fusheng , Zhang Ruifeng , Yu Jiafu , Wang Yidan , Chen Shuguang , Liu Jing , Wu Chenlin , Wang Yiqun , Wang Shaochun , Wang Yuheng , Liu Yilun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Linhe Depression is the largest tectonic unit in the Hetao Basin. The recently discovered commercial oil flow in the structural trap of wells JH2X and S5 has proved that the Meso-Cenozoic strata in the Linhe Depression have great exploration potential. Research on the kinematic model for the Mesozoic–Cenozoic Linhe Depression is important for analysing the geological conditions of hydrocarbon accumulation. In this study, field observations, seismic interpretation and scaled analogue modelling are performed. The results prove that the Linhe Depression experienced different stages of tectonic evolution, such as compressional depression (K1l), conversion from contraction to uniform subsidence (K1g), extensional rifting (E2–N2) and strike-slip deformation (Q), during the Mesozoic–Cenozoic eras. The kinematic model of negative inverted basins was first established with the early differential compression superimposed by the late extension. The seismic interpretation and analogue modelling results show that Jilantai Sag in the southern part of the Linhe Depression was subjected to compression from the Bayanwulashan fold–thrust belt on the NW side and the Helanshan fold–thrust belt on the SE side during Early Cretaceous time. Meanwhile, the Hanghou Sag in the northern part of the Linhe Depression was only compressed by the Langshan fold–thrust belt from the NW direction. The rifted structure generated by the extension from the SE direction during the Cenozoic Era resulted in the negative inversion of the pre-existing thrusts in different patterns. The intensity of negative inversion is controlled by several key factors, such as dip angle and the patterns of thrust faults, along with different basement textures. The morphological changes in the forebulge zone developed during Early Cretaceous time are responsible for the development of the segmented Central fault zones in the Hanghou Sag.
Affirmative action measures and electoral candidates’ positioning in Zambia
Authors: Wang Vibeke , Muriaas Ragnhild L. , Peters Yvette 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTWhile the increase of women in elected office has received much scholarly attention, less attention has been paid to the dynamics of resisting gender quotas in countries that fail to adopt such measures despite regional and international pressure. We develop a context-sensitive typology of affirmative action measures that includes gender quotas and funding incentives and explore determinants of electoral candidates’ positioning in the context of Zambia. Using a sequential mixed-methods approach and unique data, we examine how candidates of different gender, party affiliation, and level of electoral success position themselves when asked to choose between different options. Intriguingly, electoral success and party allegiance – whether a candidate is affiliated with a current or former government party – are more important than gender. This finding is relevant for the debate on feminist democratic representation by showing that candidates are likely to have their more radical views muted when getting into position.
Geochemical Profiles Across the Listvenite‐Metamorphic Transition in the Basal Megathrust of the Semail Ophiolite: Results From Drilling at OmanDP Hole BT1B
Authors: Godard M. , Carter E. J. , Decrausaz T. , Lafay R. , Bennett E. , Kourim F. , de Obeso J.‐C. , Michibayashi K. , Harris M. , Coggon J. A. , Teagle D. A. H. , Kelemen P. B. ,   the Oman Drilling Project Phase 1 Science Party
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe transition from the Semail ophiolite mantle to the underlying metamorphic sole was drilled at ICDP OmanDP Hole BT1B. We analyzed the bulk major, volatile and trace element compositions of the mantle‐derived listvenite series and metamorphic rocks, with the aim to constrain chemical transfers associated with peridotite carbonation along the ophiolite basal thrust. The listvenite series comprise variously carbonated serpentinites and (fuchsite‐bearing) listvenites. They have high CO2 (up to 43 wt.%) and variable H2O (0–12 wt.%). Yet, they have compositions close to that of the basal banded peridotites for most major and lithophile trace elements, with fuchsite‐bearing listvenites overlapping in composition with amphibole‐bearing basal lherzolites (e.g., Al2O3 = 0.1–2.2 wt.%; Yb = 0.05–1 x CI‐chondrite). The protolith of the listvenite series was likely similar in structure and composition to serpentinized banded peridotites which immediately overlie the metamorphic sole elsewhere in Oman. The listvenite series are enriched in fluid mobile elements (FME) compared to Semail peridotites (up to ∼103–104 x Primitive Mantle), with concentrations similar to the underthrusted metabasalts and/or metasediments for Cs, Sr and Ca and sometimes even higher for Pb, Li, As, and Sb (e.g., Li up to 130 μg/g; As up to 170 μg/g). We also observe a decoupling between Sr‐Ca enrichments and other FME, indicating interactions with several batches of deep CO2‐rich fluids transported along the basal thrust. These results suggest that peridotite carbonation could represent one of the major trap‐and‐release mechanisms for carbon, water and FME along convergent margins.
Contrasting Effects of Indian Ocean Basin and Dipole Modes on the Stratosphere
Authors: Huang Rui , Tian Wenshou , Qie Kai , Xie Fei , Zhang Shiyan , Tian Hongying , Luo Jiali 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe stratospheric impact of the sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the Indian Ocean has attracted extensive attention. Recent warming of the tropical Indian Ocean is characterized by increases in both the magnitude and zonal gradient, which is related to the variability in the positive phase of the Indian Ocean basin mode (IOBM) and Indian Ocean dipole mode (IOD). Yet, previous studies mainly focused on the stratospheric impact of the IOBM. Using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (version 4), this study explores the impact of positive IOD events on the stratosphere and compares it with the IOBM. Results show that the IOBM (IOD) serves to dry (moisten) the tropical lower stratosphere on the annual average. The moistening (drying) of the lower stratosphere in response to IOBM occurs mainly in winter and spring (autumn), while the IOD exerts a moistening effect in winter. Both modes can enhance the northern stratospheric polar vortex, and the effect of IOD is close to that of IOBM, although SST anomalies associated with the IOD are smaller. This implies that the Indian Ocean SST gradient exerts a greater influence on the Northern Hemisphere stratosphere than does the Indian Ocean SST magnitude. Moreover, both modes weaken the southern stratospheric polar vortex, but the effect of IOD is much smaller since its impact on stationary waves is weak. Contrary to the Northern Hemisphere stratosphere, the Southern Hemisphere stratosphere is more sensitive to the Indian Ocean SST magnitude than to the SST gradient.
Relativistic Runaway Electron Avalanches Within Complex Thunderstorm Electric Field Structures
Authors: Stadnichuk E. , Svechnikova E. , Nozik A. , Zemlianskaya D. , Khamitov T. , Zelenyy M. , Dolgonosov M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRelativistic runaway electron avalanches (RREAs) are generally accepted as a source of thunderstorms gamma ray radiation. Avalanches can multiply in the electric field via the relativistic feedback mechanism based on processes with gamma rays and positrons. This study shows that a non‐uniform electric field geometry can lead to the new RREAs multiplication mechanism—“reactor feedback,” due to the exchange of high‐energy particles between different accelerating regions within a thundercloud. A new method for the numerical simulation of RREA dynamics within heterogeneous electric field structures is proposed. Under the assumption that reactor feedback can produce a terrestrial gamma ray flash (TGF), necessary conditions for TGF occurrence in the system with the reactor feedback are derived using the developed analytical description and the numerical simulation. Observable properties of TGFs influenced by the proposed mechanism are discussed.
HER2-specific chimeric antigen receptor-T cells for targeted therapy of metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Xu Jie , Meng Qingtao , Sun Hao , Zhang Xinwei , Yun Jun , Li Bin , Wu Shenshen , Li Xiaobo , Yang Hongbao , Zhu Haitao , Aschner Michael , Relucenti Michela , Familiari Giuseppe , Chen Rui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) - T cell therapy is a new class of cellular immunotherapies, which has made great achievements in the treatment of malignant tumors. Despite improvements in colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy, treatment of many patients fails because of metastasis and recurrence. The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a substantiated target for CAR-T therapy, and has been reported recently to be over-expressed in CRC, which may provide a potential therapeutic target for CRC treatment. Herein, HER2 was a promising target of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in CAR-T therapy as assessed by flow cytometry and tissue microarray (TMA) with 9-year survival follow-up data. Furthermore, HER2-specific CAR-T cells exhibited strong cytotoxicity and cytokine-secreting ability against CRC cells in vitro. Moreover, through the tumor-bearing model of the NOD-Prkdcem26cd52Il2rgem26Cd22/Nju (NCG) mice, HER2 CAR-T cells showed signs of effectively preventing CRC progression in three different xenograft models. Notably, HER2 CAR-T cells displayed greater aggressiveness in HER2+ CRC in the patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) models and had potent immunotherapeutic capacity for mCRC in the metastatic xenograft mouse models. In conclusion, our studies provide scientific evidence that HER2 CAR-T cells represent an emerging immunotherapy for the treatment of mCRC.
MORC protein family-related signature within human disease and cancer
Authors: Wang Huan , Zhang Ling , Luo Qiuhua , Liu Jia , Wang Guiling 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe microrchidia (MORC) family of proteins is a highly conserved nuclear protein superfamily, whose members contain common domain structures (GHKL-ATPase, CW-type zinc finger and coiled-coil domain) yet exhibit diverse biological functions. Despite the advancing research in previous decades, much of which focuses on their role as epigenetic regulators and in chromatin remodeling, relatively little is known about the role of MORCs in tumorigenesis and pathogenesis. MORCs were first identified as epigenetic regulators and chromatin remodelers in germ cell development. Currently, MORCs are regarded as disease genes that are involved in various human disorders and oncogenes in cancer progression and are expected to be the important biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment. A new paradigm of expanded MORC family function has raised questions regarding the regulation of MORCs and their biological role at the subcellular level. Here, we systematically review the progress of researching MORC members with respect to their domain architectures, diverse biological functions, and distribution characteristics and discuss the emerging roles of the aberrant expression or mutation of MORC family members in human disorders and cancer development. Furthermore, the illustration of related mechanisms of the MORC family has made MORCs promising targets for developing diagnostic tools and therapeutic treatments for human diseases, including cancers.
Organelle genome assembly uncovers the dynamic genome reorganization and cytoplasmic male sterility associated genes in tomato
Authors: Kuwabara Kosuke , Harada Issei , Matsuzawa Yuma , Ariizumi Tohru , Shirasawa Kenta 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo identify cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS)-associated genes in tomato, we determined the genome sequences of mitochondria and chloroplasts in three CMS tomato lines derived from independent asymmetric cell fusions, their nuclear and cytoplasmic donors, and male fertile weedy cultivated tomato and wild relatives. The structures of the CMS mitochondrial genomes were highly divergent from those of the nuclear and cytoplasmic donors, and genes of the donors were mixed up in these genomes. On the other hand, the structures of CMS chloroplast genomes were moderately conserved across the donors, but CMS chloroplast genes were unexpectedly likely derived from the nuclear donors. Comparative analysis of the structures and contents of organelle genes and transcriptome analysis identified three genes that were uniquely present in the CMS lines, but not in the donor or fertile lines. RNA-sequencing analysis indicated that these three genes transcriptionally expressed in anther, and identified different RNA editing levels in one gene, orf265, that was partially similar to ATP synthase subunit 8, between fertile and sterile lines. The orf265 was a highly potential candidate for CMS-associated gene. This study suggests that organelle reorganization mechanisms after cell fusion events differ between mitochondria and chloroplasts, and provides insight into the development of new F1 hybrid breeding programs employing the CMS system in tomato.
SISTER OF TM3 activates FRUITFULL1 to regulate inflorescence branching in tomato
Authors: Wang Xiaotian , Liu Zhiqiang , Sun Shuai , Wu Jianxin , Li Ren , Wang Haijing , Cui Xia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSelection for favorable inflorescence architecture to improve yield is one of the crucial targets in crop breeding. Different tomato varieties require distinct inflorescence-branching structures to enhance productivity. While a few important genes for tomato inflorescence-branching development have been identified, the regulatory mechanism underlying inflorescence branching is still unclear. Here, we confirmed that SISTER OF TM3 (STM3), a homolog of Arabidopsis SOC1, is a major positive regulatory factor of tomato inflorescence architecture by map-based cloning. High expression levels of STM3 underlie the highly inflorescence-branching phenotype in ST024. STM3 is expressed in both vegetative and reproductive meristematic tissues and in leaf primordia and leaves, indicative of its function in flowering time and inflorescence-branching development. Transcriptome analysis shows that several floral development-related genes are affected by STM3 mutation. Among them, FRUITFULL1 (FUL1) is downregulated in stm3cr mutants, and its promoter is bound by STM3 by ChIP-qPCR analysis. EMSA and dual-luciferase reporter assays further confirmed that STM3 could directly bind the promoter region to activate FUL1 expression. Mutation of FUL1 could partially restore inflorescence-branching phenotypes caused by high STM3 expression in ST024. Our findings provide insights into the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying inflorescence development in tomato.
Overexpression of PvWOX3a in switchgrass promotes stem development and increases plant height
Authors: Yang Ruijuan , Wu Zhenying , Bai Chen , Sun Zhichao , Wang Mengqi , Huo Yuzhu , Zhang Hailing , Wang Yamei , Zhou Huapeng , Dai Shaojun , Liu Wenwen , Fu Chunxiang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSwitchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is an important perennial, noninvasive, tall ornamental grass that adds color and texture to gardens and landscapes. Moreover, switchgrass has been considered a forage and bioenergy crop because of its vigorous growth, low-input requirements, and broad geography. Here, we identified PvWOX3a from switchgrass, which encodes a WUSCHEL-related homeobox transcription factor. Transgenic overexpression of PvWOX3a in switchgrass increased stem length, internode diameter, and leaf blade length and width, all of which contributed to a 95% average increase in dry weight biomass compared with control plants. Yeast one-hybrid and transient dual-luciferase assays showed that PvWOX3a can repress the expression of gibberellin 2-oxidase and cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase through apparently direct interaction with their promoter sequences. These results suggested that overexpression of PvWOX3a could increase gibberellin and cytokinin levels in transgenic switchgrass plants, which promotes cell division, elongation, and vascular bundle development. We also overexpressed PvWOX3a in a transgenic miR156-overexpressing switchgrass line that characteristically exhibited more tillers, thinner internodes, and narrower leaf blades. Double transgenic switchgrass plants displayed significant increases in internode length and diameter, leaf blade width, and plant height but retained a tiller number comparable to that of plants expressing miR156 alone. Ultimately, the double transgenic switchgrass plants produced 174% more dry-weight biomass and 162% more solubilized sugars on average than control plants. These findings indicated that PvWOX3a is a viable potential genetic target for engineering improved shoot architecture and biomass yield of horticulture, fodder, and biofuel crops.
The Cymbidium genome reveals the evolution of unique morphological traits
Authors: Ai Ye , Li Zhen , Sun Wei-Hong , Chen Juan , Zhang Diyang , Ma Liang , Zhang Qing-Hua , Chen Ming-Kun , Zheng Qing-Dong , Liu Jiang-Feng , Jiang Yu-Ting , Li Bai-Jun , Liu Xuedie , Xu Xin-Yu , Yu Xia , Zheng Yu , Liao Xing-Yu , Zhou Zhuang , Wang Jie-Yu , Wang Zhi-Wen , Xie Tai-Xiang , Ma Shan-Hu , Zhou Jie , Ke Yu-Jie , Zhou Yu-Zhen , Lu Hsiang-Chia , Liu Ke-Wei , Yang Feng-Xi , Zhu Gen-Fa , Huang Laiqiang , Peng Dong-Hui , Chen Shi-Pin , Lan Siren , Van de Peer Yves , Liu Zhong-Jian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe marvelously diverse Orchidaceae constitutes the largest family of angiosperms. The genus Cymbidium in Orchidaceae is well known for its unique vegetation, floral morphology, and flower scent traits. Here, a chromosome-scale assembly of the genome of Cymbidium ensifolium (Jianlan) is presented. Comparative genomic analysis showed that C. ensifolium has experienced two whole-genome duplication (WGD) events, the most recent of which was shared by all orchids, while the older event was the τ event shared by most monocots. The results of MADS-box genes analysis provided support for establishing a unique gene model of orchid flower development regulation, and flower shape mutations in C. ensifolium were shown to be associated with the abnormal expression of MADS-box genes. The most abundant floral scent components identified included methyl jasmonate, acacia alcohol and linalool, and the genes involved in the floral scent component network of C. ensifolium were determined. Furthermore, the decreased expression of photosynthesis-antennae and photosynthesis metabolic pathway genes in leaves was shown to result in colorful striped leaves, while the increased expression of MADS-box genes in leaves led to perianth-like leaves. Our results provide fundamental insights into orchid evolution and diversification.