bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Detection of Ehrlichia canis in the Pet-Dog Population in R. N. Macedonia
Authors: Petrov Elena Atanaskova , Celeska Irena , Popova Zagorka , Krstevski Kiril , Djadjovski Igor 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is a widespread, tick-borne, canine disease, caused by an obligate intracellular bacterium, Ehrlichia canis. The main vector, a brown-dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, is widely distributed, especially in areas with tropic, subtropic, or Mediterranean climates (Central and South America, Eastern and Western Asia, Africa, Australia and Southern Europe). The study performed in 2012, by Stefanovska et al., determined a seroprevalence of 18.7% of E. canis among the Macedonian dog population. Up to date, the presence of E. canis, using molecular diagnostic methods, has not been investigated in Macedonia. Therefore, this study aimed to confirm the presence of E. canis, in the pet-dog population on the territory of the city of Skopje, North Macedonia, using a highly sensitive multiplex Real-Time PCR method (qPCR). Whole blood samples from 80 dogs of different breeds and ages, with clinical symptoms of CME and positive serology result for the presence of antibodies against E.canis, were collected for analyses. Out of 80 dogs, 36 (45%) were found as positive. The present work reports the first molecular detection of E. canis in pet dogs on the territory of the city of Skopje, Macedonia.
Cytokine production in ex-vivo stimulated fresh and cryopreserved T-cells
Authors: Vuță Monica , Cotoi Ionela-Maria , Mănescu Ion Bogdan , Manu Doina Ramona , Dobreanu Minodora 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective: In vitro cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is an important and reliable measure of immunocompetence. PBMC can be stimulated directly after isolation or frozen for later use. However, cryopreservation may affect cell recovery, viability and functionality. This study aims to investigate cytokine synthesis in ex-vivo stimulated fresh and cryopreserved CD4+ and CD4- T cells. Methods: PBMCs were obtained by Ficoll gradient centrifugation from heparinized peripheral blood of 6 middle-aged clinically healthy subjects. Half of these cells (labeled “Fresh”) was further processed and the other half (labeled “Cryo”) was cryopreserved at -140°C for up to 3 months. Fresh-PBMCs were activated with Phorbol-Myristate-Acetate/Ionomycin/Monensin for 5 hours immediately after isolation while Cryo-PBMCs were identically activated after thawing and cell resting. Activated cells were fixed, permeabilized and intracellular cytokine staining was performed using Phycoerythrin (PE)-conjugated antibodies for Interleukin-2 (IL-2), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-a), and Interferon-gamma (IFN-g). All samples were analyzed within 24 hours by flow cytometry. Results: Both Fresh and Cryo CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD4- sub-populations partially produced each of the three cytokines. A higher percentage of CD4+ T cells produced IL-2 and TNF-a and a greater percentage of CD4- T cells were found to produce IFN-g. A significantly higher percentage of Cryo-lymphocytes was shown to produce TNF-a in both CD3+CD4+ (31.4% vs 24.9%, p=0.031) and CD3+CD4- (22.7% vs 17.9%, p=0.031) subpopulations. No notable difference was found for IL-2 and IFN-g production between Fresh and Cryo T cells. Conclusion: Cryopreservation for up to 3 months significantly increases TNF-a production of T-cells in clinically healthy middle-aged subjects.
The Lack of Attention Given by Neoendogenous Rural Development Practice to Areas Highly Affected by Depopulation. The Case of Andalusia (Spain) in 2015–2020 Period
Authors: Navarro-Valverde Francisco , Cejudo-García Eugenio , Pérez José Antonio Cañete 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
How are the problems of depopulation being faced by the Local Action Groups (LAGs) and the LEADER approach? What kinds of proposals are being pointed out to tackle young people’s exodus, the economic depression, the physical and virtual distances, and the marginality from the political and economic centers by these local public-private partnerships to the areas having the more worrying situations? Andalusia, a southern region of Spain, has many municipalities with these severe devepopulation problems. According to this aim, the Local Development Strategies documents (LDSs) of the LAGs for 2015–2020, have been reviewed. The predominance of the top-down approach has limited the attention given to face the rural depopulation. It is relevant to note, as well, the reduced presence of specific objectives and projects to combat depopulation in these deep rural areas. The last finding is that these municipalities with extreme depopulation have been left aside; as no solution placed. Definitely, as empty areas to promote rural development. Depopulation concept and depopulation areas have been forgotten for neoendogenous rural development practices.
Tunnelling the Peninsula of Trolls: A Case Study of Road Infrastructure Improvement and Demographic Dynamics in Northern Iceland
Authors: Bjarnason Thoroddur 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Geographical isolation is closely associated with rural population decline and policies for regional and rural development frequently emphasize better transportation infrastructure improvements. Although poor access to jobs and services may lead to negative rates of net migration and skewed age and gender distribution in rural and remote areas, research on the association of road infrastructure improvement with rural demographic dynamics remains sparse. The current study adds to the understanding of these issues by examining the effects of a large-scale road tunnel project in Northern Iceland. The results suggest that improved road infrastructure coincides with a break in long-term population decline through parity in net migration and positive changes in the composition of the population of sparsely populated areas.
Prevalence, Antibiogram and Biofilm Production of Listeria Monocytogenes from Faeces and Foetuses of Slaughtered Pregnant Cows: Environmental and Public Health Implications
Authors: Adesokan H. K. , Kehinde E. G. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The indiscriminate slaughter of pregnant animals which characterizes most developing countries poses increasing environmental and public health risks from Listeria monocytogenes infections which are endemic in such settings. The available reports show increasing trends of Listeria monocytogenes infections in both humans and animals in Nigeria. This study examined the prevalence, antibiogram and biofilm production of L. monocytogenes from faeces and foetuses of slaughtered pregnant cows in Ibadan Central Abattoir, Nigeria. Faecal (n = 118) and foetal (n = 118) swabs were cultured and isolates tested for antibiotic susceptibility by Kirby-Bauer assay, while biofilm production was quantified following the standard procedures. The data were analysed using the Chi Square and Student’s t-test at P < 0.05. Listeria monocytogenes were isolated from five (4.2 %) and three (2.5 %) faeces and foetus swabs, respectively, without significant association with sample type (P = 0.50). The isolates were resistant to all the antibiotics tested except gentamicin; with significantly higher production of biofilm by those from foetal samples (P = 0.012). The detection of widespread antibiotic-resistant L. monocytogenes from faeces and foetuses has important environmental and public health implications, given the risk of contamination through faecal shedding and foetal handling. The biofilm production by the pathogen connotes its ability to persist in the environment, suggestive of the challenging effects to its control. Campaigns against indiscriminate slaughter of pregnant animals, and proper hygiene are advocated to ultimately safeguard human and animal health.
Exterior Evaluation of Selected Breeds of Pigeons: Owls and Frills
Authors: Adamčík M. , Zigo F. , Kolenič P. , Ondrašovičová S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Owl and frill pigeons are considered one of the oldest breeds of domestic pigeons and for breeders they mean the embodiment of beauty, pride, elegance and temperament. The common feature of the whole group of owl and frill pigeons is the presence of vertically growing feather adornment—frill and a significant refinement of exterior features on the head. The main goal of this study was to record the current situation in the exhibition sector and to compare the exterior of selected breeds of owl and frill pigeons with the relevant European standard at top breeder’s exhibitions. Altogether 722 short-beaked owl and frill pigeons (Oriental frill, African owl and Turbit) raised by breeders from seventeen European countries were evaluated at five important exhibitions in Europe. The examination of the exterior showed that the most common exterior faults on the body of oriental frills were defects in colour pattern or lacing, poorly developed frill, faults in figure as well as defects in positioning and body posture. Exterior faults observed on the heads of oriental frill included: short top or forehead, defects in shape or length of the beak, as well as defects in its line. In addition to the faults in the oriental frills, there were observed imperfections in the rounding of the head and in the length of the wings and tail in the African owls. Turbits frequently exhibited deficiencies with respect to the length of the top or forehead. The exterior evaluation of owl and frill pigeons for breeders in the future shows the need for systematic elimination of deviations from physiological and physical development with culling of individuals transmitting morphological defects.
Contamination of Slovak Bilberry (Vaccinium Myrtillus L.) with Radiocaesium 137Cs in Selected Slovak Locations
Authors: Beňová K. , Gašpareková I. , Dvořák P. , Havelková A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the activity of post-Chernobyl 137Cs in Slovak bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) from selected locations of Slovakia depending upon: the season, location and the soil-plant transfer factor (TF). The 137Cs activity was determined in samples of forest soil and bilberry bushes (stems, leaves and fruits) growing on the soil in three locations: Arboretum Mlyňany (1), Hodruša-Hámre (2) and Javorníky (3). Altogether we collected 35 samples; namely 15 samples from Arboretum Mlyňany, 10 samples from Hodruša-Hámre and 10 from Javorníky. The samples of soil were examined also for the activity of 40K. The samples were collected in the spring, summer and autumn in the years 2019 and 2020 and were analysed by a gamma-ray spectrometry method. The highest levels of 137Cs activity concentrations were determined in Hodruša-Hámre in September where they reached 161 ± 13 Bq.kg−1 in the soil, 3.95 ± 1.07 Bq.kg−1 in the stems and 14.7 ± 4.26 Bq.kg−1 in the leaves. The lowest levels were determined in the Arboretum Mlyňany in October where the 137Cs activity in the soil reached 13.1 ± 1 15 Bq.kg−1, while in the stems, leaves and fruits it was lower than the minimum detectable level. In the latter location, we also determined the highest activity of 40K, the radioactive isotope physiologically and metabolically similar to 137Cs. The mass activity of 137Cs in all samples of bilberries were lower than the minimum detectable activity (MDA). The comparison of the results obtained in this study with the limit for total mass activity of radiocaesium (134Cs + 137Cs) in the food (600 Bq.kg−1) allowed us to conclude that the fruits, stems and leaves of Slovak bil-berries present neither health nor environmental risk.
Glutathione Content and Glutathione Peroxidase Activity of Sperm in Males with Unexplained Infertility
Authors: Martinov Danail I. , Ayvazova Nina P. , Konova Emiliana I. , Atanasova Milena A. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThe study aimed to investigate glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and glutathione (GSH) levels in the sperm of patients with unexplained infertility. The sperm samples were collected from subjects with normal semen parameters divided into fertile and infertile groups. Sperm analysis was performed according to the 2010 WHO criteria. Measurement of the GPx activity and GSH were performed by enzymatic assay kits. The higher enzymatic activity recorded in spermatozoa and seminal plasma in the infertile group was close to the significant one – p=0.054 for seminal plasma andp= 0.086 for the spermatozoa.GSH levels were higher in the fertile group in the seminal plasma (p=0.045). Defining the causes of unexplained infertility requires the addition of oxidative stress. In patients with unexplained infertility, the level of glutathione is reduced, and the activity of one of the significant enzyme antioxidants GPx is not changed significantly and even shows a tendency to rise.
Can You See How it Smells? What Eye Tracking Can Tell us about the Shelf Management of Luxury Perfumes
Authors: Krajina Anida , Husić-Mehmedović Melika , Koštrebić Kemal 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to advance the theory and contribute to the practice of luxury perfumes’ shelf management by decoding the relationship between attention on the shelf, purchase decision-making, and brand recall. It employs an eye-tracking experiment to analyze attention spans and fixations, which is combined with a questionnaire to uncover recall and purchase intent. The research identifies attention patterns and the influence of attention on recall and purchase intention. It further reveals the main factors that influence attention on the shelf in the luxury perfume industry. This is a milestone for further elaboration on the benefits of the fashion mainstream for luxury perfumes and the debate regarding whether luxury perfumes should be treated similar to mainstream fashion or similar to any other product in basic shelf management rules. This study enables shelf managers and marketers to place the perfumes both on the shelf and in consumer minds to maintain a top-of-the-mind brand position. Managerial implications are significant and address perfume industry packaging as well as shelf positioning.
Digital or Innovative: understanding “Digital Literacy – Practice – Innovative Work Behavior” Chain
Authors: Pilav-Velić Amila , Černe Matej , Trkman Peter , Wong Sut I , Abaz Anela Kadić 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Digital transformation has put tremendous pressure on employees to innovate with the use of information technology (IT). This paper explores the extent to which digital literacy and personal innovativeness contribute to individual’s innovative work behavior (IWB). To test our hypotheses, we apply double bootstrapping chained mediation analyses paired with relative importance analysis on a dataset collected from employees (N = 167) in a pharmaceutical company. The results showed the existence of a double-mediation chain whereby digital practices and attitude toward digitalized innovation mediate the positive relationship between digital literacy and IWB. Surprisingly, said chain was not supported for personally innovative individuals, indicating that digital literacy plays a relatively more important role in stimulating attitudes toward digitalized innovation and IWB. Our findings add further specificity to research on digital natives and may help organizations understand the role of digital literacy and personal innovativeness in organizationally-relevant outcomes, such as IWB.
Technological Trends in the Manufacturing and Service Sectors. The Case of Montenegro
Authors: Vujanović Nina 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Technological efficiency is one of the main factors of economic growth in modern history. Technologies have traditionally been important for manufacturing sector, but the age of digitalization has also made service sector increasingly rely on modern technologies. There are not many studies measuring the technological trends of these two sectors. This study uses the micro approach of the dynamic panel to measure productivity of the manufacturing and service sectors in Montenegro during 2010 to 2019, between the two global economic crises, using firm level data. The results indicate a clear upward technological trend in manufacturing but not in the service sector. Divergent technological trends are found amongst the manufacturing and service industries that require different level of technologies and knowledge in their production processes. The study concludes that there is a room for further technological improvements in both sectors and proposes concrete policy measures for further development.
The Characteristics of the Romanian Infantry Tactics during the Interwar Period
Authors: Halip Ionel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article examines the main tactical characteristics of the Romanian infantry during the interwar period under the influence of the French principles, in the context in which the First World War proved the need to consider providing the units with a variety of technical equipment for a greater firepower on the battlefield. This article presents the basic forms of warfare according to the regulations of the time, defining the tactical rules of the battalion, presenting the new concepts that have emerged in the infantry tactics after the great world conflagration. It also presents aspects of subunit training, as well as the main technical characteristics of the infantry weaponry compared to that of the French army. On the other hand, it identifies the difficulties encountered in adapting the tactical principles of the French Regulations to the specificities of the Romanian infantry which had to take into account the physiognomy of a possible war, the troops available, but also the differences in army industry development.
Genesis and Evolution of Military Strategy
Authors: Mituleţu Ion , Hogea Marian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
It cannot be a strategy without technical determinations. Technique is the most dynamic element of the action. In general, the technical component answers a sharp question: with what? The ancient warrior used the spear, the bow and arrow, the sword and the shield. These means allowed nothing but close combat and, eventually, hitting the enemy from a distance with an arrow or a spear. The historical evolution of peoples was obviously based on the art of political-military leadership. In the distant past, there was no theoretical system of general notions, principles and laws of this art, although, intuitively, great army commanders, some of them true geniuses of war politics, masterfully applied it.
Reflections on the Context of the Change of War
Authors: Neag Mihai Marcel , Ispas Lucian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In order to understand and explain the changes of war in a very complex operational environment and in a continuous transformation, we must anticipate, render in an abstract form and create solutions for successful decisions. The estimates of this communication resulted from a combined analysis of the conditions of war without winners and losers, given that humanity has evolved towards modernity from the perspective of changing the forms of consciousness, reshaping relationships and social structures, technological developments, or reporting the individual to the environment around him. In this context, identifying the relationships between the phenomenon of war and the other aspects (domains) of social life becomes a real challenge.
Translation Support Model of the Ukrainian Armed Forces under the Ongoing Hybrid Russian Warfare
Authors: Nevmerzhytskyi Ivan , Karpenko Veronika , Povoroznyuk Roksolana 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The article explores the specifics of translation and interpretation components in the framework of the Translation Support Model of the Ukrainian Armed Forces (the Model) in the context of ongoing hybrid Russian warfare against Ukraine. The functional-interpretive approach of modelling the translation process is reviewed as a theoretical basis for the Model. Translation Component of the Model is implemented primarily through the Translation Project Management (TPM), and consists of the Organizational and Instructional components, implemented with such principles as circularity, continuity and fluency. Translation Workflow as well as Roles and Functions are the constituents of the Organizational component within TPM concept. The first one is described via the following stages: Acquisition of the original text (OT) from the Client, Organization and planning, Preparation of the OT for translation, Pre-translation analysis, Uploading the Project into the CAT software, Translation, Editing, Proofreading, and Finalization. The Instructional component facilitates the effective use of the translation resources (Translation Memories and Terminology Bases), categorized according to the NATO functional classes (J-structure). The interpretation component of the Model is mainly regarded through the prism of risk mitigation strategy, being the crucial aspect in the hybrid warfare setting.
The Relevance of the Berlin Plus Agreements for the Planning Phase of the Military Operation Eufor Althea
Authors: Pricopi Marius , Baboş Alexandru 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Conducted in Bosnia and Herzegovina since 2004, EUFOR Althea still remains the most significant military operation of the European Union. Using the document analysis as a qualitative research tool, this paper examines the usefulness and viability of the Berlin Plus Agreements (established between NATO and the EU) in the initial planning phase of EUFOR Althea.
The Effectiveness of Infantry Squad Combat and Pre-Combat Formations for Warfighting
Authors: Rak Ludek , Zahranicek Pavel , Polach Miroslav 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The article aims to describe experimental research into infantry squad pre-combat formations. It focuses on the most used formations, and addresses their advantages and suitability for various tactical situations. A highlighted feature of the experiment is the involvement of units with varying degrees of training as research subjects: from novices through to professional soldiers, from combat squads to instructors of the elite course of the ACR ground forces. The synthesized results can therefore be perceived as having universal validity. For broad-spectrum research of their properties and usability, each formation is evaluated in different terrains and different tactical situations. The presented data are usable in practice for training infantry, motorized airborne units, and in certain cases mechanized forces and combat support units. Research into this area of small-unit tactics is now even more progressive, since a significant number of tasks in conducting combat operations are being transferred to small units. This is at the expense of large troop formations, which are increasingly difficult to use in times of high-precision weapons and hybrid warfare. In certain situations even a small unit can perform tasks with operational ramifications. Moreover, in this area of tactics publications are very rare due to the low scientific interest and the inclusion of information falling under the ‘classified information’ of individual armies. The data presented in the article are set in their broader context, commented upon by the authors of the training, and described with the intention their inclusion in the training of troops.