bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study on Properties of Concrete Paver Blocks by Partially Replacing Cement with Granite Powder
Authors: Anusha G , Dharmaraj R , Anandaraj S , Yamini S , Arumairaj P D , Ramakrishnan  , Saravanan M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The marble and granite industries have grown tremendously in recent decades. The granite industry in India produces over than 3500 cubic meters of granite powder slag all day as a waste material. Granite tiles producers often create granite particulate matter tones although during production process. The exclusion of granite fines from the polishing industry is a major concern. The polished granite powder is reactive, but not disposable on the floor. Stone waste is commonly a heavily polluting waste due to its high alkaline origin, which poses a health hazard to the environment. Downstream waste affects soil quality due to reduced porosity, water retention, water percolation etc. As it is dumped on land. They cause severe waste and pollution of the atmosphere and need large areas of land for disposal. The granite powder is obtained by the polishing process, and is held at 12% and 88% respectively, by 150 microns. Due to its fineness and size, the granite powder can be used effectively. This study describes the viability of partial cement replacement with granite powder in paver block construction. Furthermore, this study urges engineers, contractors and the government of the better future to consider substitute materials.
Calculation of cooling seasonal power consumption and energy efficiency of household inverter air conditioners in the Vietnamese climatic conditions
Authors: Huy Cung Duc , Dung Trinh Quoc , Dzung Nguyen Viet , Thang Truong Minh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The calculations of power consumption and energy efficiency for household air conditioners with inverter technology using bin method in the Vietnamese climatic conditions were shown in the paper. The data of 53 of the air-cooled air conditioners in the Vietnamese market with rated cooling capacity in the range of 9000 BTU/h to 24000 BTU/h were used in this study. Based on the National Standard on the air-cooled air conditioners and heat pumps (i.e., TCVN 10273-1:2013) and National Regulation on climate data for construction (i.e. QCVN 02:2009), the cooling seasonal power consumption and energy efficiency have been calculated for 10 cities/provinces, representatively of different climatic zones in Vietnam. The results show that there are quite large deviations between energy efficiency (CSPF) and annual power consumption (CCSE
) from the national standard TCVN 10273-1:2013, national regulation QCVN 02:2009 and published data of manufactures. The impact of the Vietnamese climatic zones on the power consumption was investigated in the study, also. The paper suggests the necessary of upgrading the national standard and regulation for inverter air conditioners to evaluate exactly their energy efficiency in the Vietnamese climatic conditions.
Review Analysis on Factors Influencing the Design of Bus Station
Authors: Logeswaran S , Indhiradevi P , Charumathy A , Anitha A , Subramaniam Muthu , Karthikeyan S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In India, rapid increase in urbanization increases the demand of bus transportation usage with growth rate of 3% every year. This results in development of new routes in city and rural areas. The terminal operations in India are centric in nature for both pedestrians and vehicles. In order to design the efficient transportation system in terminal area the traffic operation should be centralized by implementing the correction factors. The previous research works were reviewed and the solution for developing the model was suggested in this study. The study of previous researches suggested various factors which influences the terminal design. All those factors were considered and the performance of each factor was studied and reframed with corrected values. This study integrated the terminal factors (Element factors + Operational factors + Structural factors + Dwell time factors (both vehicles and pedestrians)) for efficient terminal design and operations. In associated with the above-mentioned factors bus scheduling was included as a factor in this study and suggestion were made for improvements.
Axial Capacity of Encased Composite Column Under Axial Loading
Authors: Saravanakumar R , Gopi R , Elango K S , Vivek D , Kaleeswaran C , Kavinkumar V , Venkatraman S , Vasanth A , Sujithraja M , Revanthkumar K , Vasanthkumar K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Encased composite column is one of the best option in the design of high-rise building where building load is heavy and architect restrict the increase the size of column. Encased column has high resistance to fire load and blast load. Rolled I-section is used in composite column because in built-up section there is more cost in fabrication and the cost of connection between the beam and column is very high. In a country where this technology is developed, it is used in design of important structure. In this paper analytical equation are discussed related to design of Encased composite column under axial loading. Besides comparison between the British Code and IS Code has been carried out that would result in more economical and serviceable structure.
A study on the Efficacy of Alcohol Detection in the prevention of Drunken Driving
Authors: Ram Kumar S , Shripriyan S , Vinithraja R , Manikandan G , Sandeep M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Accidents on roads due to drunken driving have become increasingly common. We have developed a device which can prevent the accidents that occur due to drunken driving by stalling the vehicle. We are using the (MQ-3) sensor which can detect alcoholic content from the driver’s breath. The Arduino NANO board is very flexible and can be programmed to the MQ-3 sensor’s sensitivity requirements which in turn can actuate the relay to break the circuit which connects the starter motor and the battery, thereby stalling the vehicle. This circuit is quite compact and be integrated in all types of vehicles.
Application of Bipolar-Fuzzy-Graphof a Semigroup in Fuzzy Logic Systems and Networks
Authors: Mounikalakshmi Remala , Ragamayi S , Jaya Lalitha G , Sharma Avinash 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The ultimate objective of a piece of research work is to correlate bipolar fuzzy, Computer Network Systems(
CNS) and graph theory with a semigroup. Here, we present the thought of
BFG
symptomatic of a network systemon
SG
, it’s isomorphism, the thought of BFGS, group, and the idea of anti-BF-IGS as a speculation of anti-
BF-IS
,
BFG
, and graph. We concentrate a portion of their properties and demonstrate that the
CNS
, Gr (V
1, A
1, B
1, µ

A1, σ

B1) and Gr (V
2, A
2, B
2, µ

A2, σ

B2) be
BFGS
are isomorphic if their complements are isomorphic and vice versa.
A Review on Structural Behaviour of Natural Fibre Reinforced Polymer Laminate
Authors: Bharani S , Gulshataj M N A , Gargi P , Ramya S , Jegan  , Rameshkumar G 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper will review the behavior of structural elements using natural fiber reinforced polymer laminate is going to be examined. In construction industry, the structural elements are strengthened by using fiber reinforced polymer laminate which is highly effective, but since the laminates which we use here has fabricated using steel. This is a drawback since, the initial production of synthetic fiber reinforced polymer laminate is highly expensive. So here in this paper we have come up with an alternative by giving an ecofriendly solution as well as cost effective one, here the laminates are going to be fabricated using natural fibers like jute and abaca and the behavior of both the materials are going to examined and the best one from it is going to be produced. The fabrication of laminates using natural fibers will provide a very good shear strength to structural elements, as well as, it is cost effective.
Studies on Mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites
Authors: Rathish R , Aravindkumar N , Abhijith S , Jaya Suriyaa K K , Shivaganesh G 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Composite fibers are becoming one of the inevitable sources, the inculcation of synthetic fibers and natural fibers hold a pivotal position in the engineering technologies. The process of combining composites without reduction in their properties like mechanical and physical have significantly led to increase in the quality of the product. Some of the process that can be done pertinent towards the polymers are tensile test, impact test, shear test, etc. To synthesize the component, hand layup process is been implemented in this process. The composition of components that include jute, hemp, basalt, glass and epoxy resin which when added with SiC will also be providing superior properties.
Differentiation of the material characteristics in an arandela muelle valvula
Authors: Joel E , Janarrthanan D , Harshavardhan V , Jeevakumar D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Arandela Muelle Valvula (Valve Spring Washer) is a component used in valves for avoiding leakage while withstanding high pressure. In a manufacturing industry, these valve spring washers are produced as per the customer needs. Based on grades, four different grades of Muelle variants are used, they are UNS S15500 (15 – 5 pH), UNS S17400 (17 – 4 pH), INCONEL X-718, INCONEL X-750. In these variants, UNS S15500 (15 – 5 pH) and UNS S17400 (17 – 4 pH) have almost similar element composition, except the chromium level. From the raw material UNS S15500 (15 – 5 pH) Sheet, Arandela Muelle (Spring Washer) are cut by either Waterjet cutting process, Laser cutting or Wire cutting processes. While examining, some UNS S15500 (15 – 5 pH) grade Arandela Muelle (Spring Washer) are reported as UNS S17400 (17 – 4 pH) grade steel, in the Positive Material Identification Test (PMI). To properly identifies the differences, other chemical and mechanical tests are carried out.
Experimental investigation of glass fiber reinforcement with nano materials
Authors: Raghul K S , Giridharan K , Gobikrishnan R , Gowthamaa Vra , Jeffrin Jill V S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The development of reinforced composite fibre has received a lot of attention in recent years. Reinforced composite fibres have superior mechanical properties to glass and carbon fibre, such as stiffness, impact strength, durability, and modulus. Poor moisture tolerance and the formation of its forms during processing render it more difficult to use them in a specific application. The effect of adding silica nano particle content to a glass fiber-reinforced composite fabricated through hand lay-up followed by hot press moulding is investigated in this study, and mechanical properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength are evaluated. The findings showed that when 5 percent Nano-silica is applied to the glass fibre, optimum tensile and flexural strength is obtained, and that the addition of 1 percent Nano-silica has major effects on the Charpy impact behaviour.
An Engine performance analysis and emission characteristics of IC engine using mixture of canola and pongamia oil as biodiesel
Authors: Mohan K , Sharfaraaz Ismail R , Rudresh S , Sanjayram K S , Vinodh Kumar A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In India ranks 6th in Diesel consumption, 3.5% total commercial power. Current usage of diesel in India is about 88.8 billion liter (70% of total petrol production consumption) and is expected to reach 130 billion liter in 2025 as demand is growing at a rate of 5.6% per annum. While at home crude oil and natural gas production will remain around 33.97 mt during 2006-07. So, there will be a huge gap between demand as well a supply that needs to be met with increased fuel intake or increasing biodiesel production by improving biodiesel fields without sacrificing world food security. Biodiesel is a renewable energy source created for renewable energy waste and degraded areas. Biofuel is a fuel that contains high-fat mono-alkyl esters acids of vegetable oil or animal fats, found in plant or animal. Consumption of biofuel requires very little modification or not of the engine when combined with diesel up to 20% (B20). Biofuel consumption results in a significant reduction in non-combustible hydrocarbons by 30%, carbon monoxide by 20% and compound by 25%. It has almost there is no sulfur. Other than that, it has about 10% of the built-in oxygen, i.e., helps with fire burning and several positive Cetane. So, we have proposed Bio diesel production from Canola oil and Pongamia oil, we have used acid catalyst and methanal to produce Bio diesel. Green seed canola oil and Pongamia oil is Low grade oil. In this research, biodiesel was produced from canola oil, Pongamia oil, Transesterification of both oil with Alcohol, and Methanal catalyst (Canola) H2SO4 Acid catalyst (Pongamia oil). The reaction was conducted at Room Temperature and a stirring speed of 50 Rpm for 10 min. Prior to transesterification, green seed canola oil was bleached to remove pigments using various adsorbents at different conditions. We have tested various blend of Biodiesel named as B10, B20, and B30 in Single Cylinder Four-stroke VCR Diesel Engine. The Break thermal efficiency and Mechanical Efficiency was Increased 15% and fuel consumption and cost was reduced.
An Experimental Investigation of Marble Dust in Luffa Fibre Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Anandaraj S. , Deepa N. , Manoj Kumar P. , Anusha G. , Gobinath R. , Krishnaraja A.R. , Harihanandh M , Sandeep Karthick S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Typically, Concrete mixture is firm in Compression yet sickly in Tension and shear. Reason for this examination is to discover the conduct of cement built up with half-breed full-scale strands. By adding Luffa strands in rates like 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%& 2% to the solid, the mechanical properties are researched. The ideal level of Luffa fiber was discovered to be 1%. Marble has been generally utilized in structures since old occasions. The current examination is pointed toward using waste marble dust (WMD) in development industry itself as fine total in solid, supplanting characteristic sand and furthermore by adding the ideal level of Luffa fiber. The substitution is done halfway and completely in the different extents like 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% and its impact on properties of cement were examined. The ideal level of the solid by adding 1% of Luffa fiber and the extents was discovered to be 20%
Experimental Investigations on Flexural Behaviour of Self Compacting Concrete Beam with Silica Fume
Authors: Rajendra Prasath C. , Vivek D. , Elango K. S , Dharmaraj R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The proposed investigational programme aims to assess SCC efficiency by altering the percentage of silica fumes used as a substitute material. A study of the reliability of fresh and hardened concrete properties was conducted. In this study, the test mix which really compensates the fresh concrete properties provides the highest compressive strength was used. Silica fume is used to substitute cement in varying percentages (0, 10%, 15% and 20%). As compared to other cement replacement, Self-Compacting Concrete with 15% silica fume showed higher performance. Three beams were cast and assessed for flexural behaviour: conventional RCC, self-compacting concrete Beam, and SCC with 15% silica fume. As compared to other instances, SCC with 15% silica fume performed well, which is shown in the load deflection graph.
Three-dimensional Computational Analysis of Transverse Injection in a Supersonic Combustor
Authors: Karthikeyan P , Sri Santhosh Kumar G , Yuvaraj R , Jeeva A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The scramjet engine plays a promising role for a successful future hypersonic flight system. The performance of scramjet system depends on many factors like mixing rate of fuel and air, proper flame stabilization mechanism and suitable injection system. The flame stabilization is provided by means of introducing a Cavity along the wall of the combustor. The cavity effects on the performance of supersonic combustion will be studied here with the help of three-dimensional combustor CFD model. The reliability of the numerical results obtained by using the computational approach depends on the proper validation of the CFD code with their corresponding experimental results. The corresponding experimental results from the literature will be identified and used here for the validation of the numerical code. The final CFD results after its validation with the experimental results will be presented in terms of x-y plots and contours for the discussion.
Study on Construction of Roads Using PVC Wastes-review
Authors: Chandrasekaran P , Nirmalkumar K , Uthra R , Vihash Kumar K S , Vishnu R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Roads of late square measure created of deep strength asphalt, bitumen, stone, chalk rock, compacted sand, as most as rural roads square measure targeted, are factory-made from earth sand, loam, gravel and organic compound spray seal. For years throw-away merchandise factorymade from PVC square measure variety one reason behind organic compound pollution in incinerators and once burned it fires. Finding correct use of disposed PVC waste is that the wish of the hour. On the other road traffic is increasing, so the necessity to increase the load bearing capacities of the roads, the employment of PVC mixed organic compound or asphalt or PVC coated combination in pavement construction permits the employ of PVC waste. Throughout this study, the assorted properties of PVC modified organic compound like softening purpose, penetration worth square measure reaching to be reviewed. The results indicate that PVC waste may be used with success in construction. Strength and stability of the combo magnified when incorporation of PVC waste; it had been additionally ascertained that addition of PVC waste showed increase resistance to permanent deformation in terms of rutting. On the idea of experimental work, it’s ended that the asphalt mixtures with waste PVC modifier may be used for versatile pavement construction.
Investigation of Solid State Welding of Copper Nickel Alloy (Cu-Ni 90/10)Using FSW Process
Authors: Balu Mahandiran M , Vigneshkumar M , Ashoka Varthanan P , Abishek S , Abdulriyazdeen A , Abilash S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In traditional joining process, copper alloys are hard to weld owing to its thermal and electrical properties. Owing to the high melting temperature and large thermal conductivity, excessive heat is needed for the joining operation of copper alloys. With Increased heat input, the heat affected region of the welded part increases, the mechanical and thermal properties of the component deteriorate. The objectives of this research are to discover the ideal mechanical performance of FSW of copper alloys. Two main factors such as tool speed and traversing speed has been investigated. A cylindrical profile of tool pin is used for all the experiments. A total of four experiments were conducted with two rotational as well as traversing speed for this investigation. The response such as tensile strength was analysed for accessing the integrity of the welded joints. At a steady load, the joints manufactured are found to have a highest tensile strength of 262 Mpa. Thus the 93.57 percentage of joint efficiency is achieved.
Sequestration of Potential Enzymes from Mushrooms compost waste
Authors: Surendran G , Karunakaran S , Prabhu N , Karthika Devi S , Gajendran T 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Mushrooms are type of white-rot fungi such as basidiomycetes, which degrades a lot of agro wastes by the secretion of precious bioconversion enzymes and produce the final enriched product. These enzymes take part in organic and inorganic waste remediation in the environment. This review analysed from the standpoint of scientists reserching in lignolytic enzyme production from various mushroom cultivation and also highlights the role of recent approaches within the production of giant volume of commercially important enzymes from biodegradable wastes. Then the proceeding work is to survey the novel lignolytic enzyme production aspects and their major characteristics, microbial sources such as basidiomycetes (white-rot fungi), downstream processing, relevant biochemical properties, diverse applications, enzyme mycotechnology and some recent research developments.
Erosion Studies of WC-Co-Cr Mixed TiC Powder Sprayed by HVOF Process on 16/5 Martensitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Prakash Guru , Manjunath Yadav S , Nath Sumeer K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
WC-Co-Cr powder was mixed with 5 % micron sized TiC powder to form blended powder. The blended powder was deposited on 16/5 martensitic stainless steel (16/5 MSS) by high velocity oxy fuel process. The microhardness of the blended coating, WC-Co-Cr and 16/5 MSS was found to be 1271, 1081 and 337 VHN respectively. The coated specimen and 16/5 specimen were examined for slurry erosion test for 48h. The weight loss of the coated and coated specimen was measured after every 6h. WC-Co-Cr coating has the maximum erosion resistance behavior followed by blended coating and 16/5 MSS. The volume loss of modified coating due to erosion was found to be 65% less in comparison to 16/5 MSS. The enhanced erosion resistance of the blended coating is attributed to higher hardness of the coating w.r.t 16/5 MSS.
Dynamic behavior of molten pool flow field for active laser welded-thick stainless steel plates
Authors: Mei L-F , Xie S , Yan D-B , Lei Z-Q , Yin W , Qin J-H 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
By combining numerical simulation and experimental investigation, this paper intensively investigated the influence rules of adding three active agents (SiO2, TiO2 and NaF) on the dynamic behaviors of flow field in the laser welding 304 stainless steel thick plate pool. First of all, the mathematical model of the activating laser welding stainless steel thick plate was constructed to numerically investigate the impact of active agents on the fluid flow in the pool. Secondly, based on the tungsten particle tracing principle test, the high speed camera system was adopted for real-time monitoring to investigate the mechanism of action of the active agents on the flow field in the pool. The results suggested that, the active agents partially affected the mode of fluid flow. The velocity vector from both sides of the pool to the center occurred on the pool surface, while vortex from the pool margin to the center occurred on the pool cross section. The phenomenon that the tracing tungsten particles moving from the pool margin to the center, it shows that the flow direction of the fluid changed after coating with the active agent, the fluid flew from the pool margin to the center. At the same time, the coating of active agents changed the flow velocity of fluid inside the pool, and SiO2 active agent has the most significant increase effect, the maximum velocity of fluid flow on the upper surface, the longitudinal and cross sections at the same position of the SiO2 active agent coated specimen increased by 25.8%, 8% and 33.8%, respectively, compared with that without the active agents.