bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between AMPKα1 gene polymorphisms and gestational diabetes in the Chinese population: A case‐control study
Authors: Guo Mengzhu , Ren Qingwen , Yang Feifei , Han Tianbi , Du Wenqiong , Zhao Feng , Li Wangjun , Li Jinbo , Feng YongLiang , Zhang Yawei , Wang Suping , Wu Weiwei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimThe aim is to examine the association between seven candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms in AMPKα1 and gestational diabetes in Chinese people.MethodWe used a matched nested case‐control study design, individuals including 334 participants with gestational diabetes and 334 healthy pregnant women. Confirmed 334 gestational diabetes cases and maternal age and district of residence matched controls (1:1) were enrolled. We examined seven candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms in AMPKα1 gene and the risk of gestational diabetes. The associations were estimated in Co‐dominant, Dominant, Recessive, and Alleles models. The odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated by unconditional logistical regression as a measure of the associations between genotypes and gestational diabetes adjusting for maternal age, prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), fetal sex and parity.ResultAt the gene level, we found that AMPKα1 was associated with gestational diabetes (p = 0.008). After adjusting the covariates and multiple comparison correction, AMPKα1 (rsc1002424, rs10053664, rs13361707) polymorphisms were associated with the risk of gestational diabetes. In addition, gestational diabetes was related to the AAGGA haplotype comprising rs1002424, rs2570091, rs10053664, rs13361707 and rs3805486 in the haplotype models (p = 0.011).ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that the AMPKα1 genotypes (rs1002424 G/A, rs10053664 A/G, rs13361707 A/G) and the haplotype (AAGGA) are relevant genetic factors in a Chinese population with gestational diabetes.
Development of application to automatically calculate mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions using intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring data
Authors: Kitae Aya , Kimura Tetsuya , Munekawa Chihiro , Hosomi Yukako , Osaka Takafumi , Kitagawa Noriyuki , Ushigome Emi , Yamazaki Masahiro , Hamaguchi Masahide , Fukui Michiaki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimWe aimed to develop an application to calculate mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions (MAGE) automatically and to evaluate its accuracy.Materials and MethodsWe named the application intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) calculator KAMOGAWA (Kyoto Auto MAGE Of Glucose cAlcutator With isCGM Application).The isCGM data from 20 patients, 10 with and 10 without diabetes, were used to compare manually calculated MAGE values with those calculated using KAMOGAWA. The rate of agreement for the MAGE values was calculated.ResultsComparing the MAGE values calculated manually with those calculated using KAMOGAWA, the total mean rate of agreement was 81.6%. Nonmatching values were checked and it was found that the inconsistencies were all attributable to errors in manual calculations. After correcting errors in the manual calculation, the MAGE values matched to one decimal place for all data in the manual and KAMOGAWA calculations.ConclusionsKAMOGAWA can help diabetologists use MAGE in clinical practice, which could contribute to improving glycaemic control in patients who use isCGM.
Use of cone‐beam computed tomography for advanced imaging of the equine patient
Authors: Stewart Holly L. , Siewerdsen Jeffery H. , Nelson Brad B. , Kawcak Christopher E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAccess to volumetric imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT), has increased over the past decade and has revolutionised the way clinicians evaluate equine anatomy. More recent advancements have resulted in the development of multiple commercially available cone‐beam CT (CBCT) scanners for equine use. CBCT scanners modify the traditional fan‐shaped beam of ionising radiation into a three‐dimensional pyramidal‐ or cone‐shaped beam of radiation. This modification enables the scanner to acquire sufficient data to create diagnostic images of a region of interest after a single rotation of the gantry. The rapid acquisition of data and divergent X‐ray beam causes some artifacts to be more prominent on CBCT images—as well as the unique cone‐beam artifact—resulting in decreased contrast resolution. While the use of CT for evaluation of the equine musculoskeletal anatomy is not new, there is a paucity of literature and scientific studies on the capabilities of CBCT for equine imaging. CBCT units do not require a specialised table for imaging and in some cases are portable for imaging in the standing or anaesthetised patient. This review article summarises the basic physics of CT technology, including how CBCT imaging differs, and provides objective information about the strengths and limitations of this modality. Finally, potential future applications and techniques for imaging with CT which will need to be explored in order to fully consider the capabilities of CT imaging in the horse are discussed.
Changes in structural and functional properties of globulin–polyphenol complexes in mung beans: exploration under different interaction ratios and heat treatment conditions
Authors: Zhang Shu , Sheng Ya‐Nan , Feng Yu‐Chao , Diao Jing‐Jing , Wang Chang‐Yuan , Zhang Dong‐Jie 
Published: May 2021

SummaryIn this study, mung bean was used as raw material to reveal the interaction mechanism between mung bean protein and polyphenols in the water solution system of heat treatment and to speculate the binding form of the two. Structural and functional changes of globulin–polyphenol complexes in mung bean under different interaction ratios and heat treatment conditions (70, 85 and 100 °C) were analysed using 2D and 3D fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, particle size and ζ potential. The results showed that mung bean globulin–polyphenol binding was a static quenching mechanism, with mainly hydrophobic interactions. Heat treatment had little effect on binding sites and may induce partial covalent binding. Antioxidant activity of the interaction improved; however, heat treatment reduced the antioxidant capacity of the complexes. Before and after heat treatment, globulin–polyphenol complexes had poor solubility, but its emulsification and foaming ability are significantly improved. Polyphenol addition improved mung bean globulin secondary structure, and the thermal stability of the complex was greater than that of mung bean globulin. This study provides a theoretical reference for clarifying the binding mechanism of mung bean protein and polyphenols, which is significant for mung bean food processing and production.
Comparison of RNA‐ and DNA‐based methods for measurable residual disease analysis in NPM1‐mutated acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Pettersson Louise , Johansson Alm Sofie , Almstedt Alvar , Chen Yilun , Orrsjö Gustav , Shah‐Barkhordar Giti , Zhou Li , Kotarsky Heike , Vidovic Karina , Asp Julia , Lazarevic Vladimir , Saal Lao H. , Fogelstrand Linda , Ehinger Mats 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionReverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) is considered the method of choice for measurable residual disease (MRD) assessment in NPM1‐mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML). MRD can also be determined with DNA‐based methods offering certain advantages. We here compared the DNA‐based methods quantitative PCR (qPCR), droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), and targeted deep sequencing (deep seq) with RT‐qPCR.MethodsOf 110 follow‐up samples from 30 patients with NPM1‐mutated AML were analyzed by qPCR, ddPCR, deep seq, and RT‐qPCR. To select DNA MRD cutoffs for bone marrow, we performed receiver operating characteristic analyses for each DNA method using prognostically relevant RT‐qPCR cutoffs.ResultsThe DNA‐based methods showed strong intermethod correlation, but were less sensitive than RT‐qPCR. A bone marrow cutoff at 0.1% leukemic DNA for qPCR or 0.05% variant allele frequency for ddPCR and deep seq offered optimal sensitivity and specificity with respect to 3 log10 reduction of NPM1 transcripts and/or 2% mutant NPM1/ABL. With these cutoffs, MRD results agreed in 95% (191/201) of the analyses. Although more sensitive, RT‐qPCR failed to detect leukemic signals in 10% of samples with detectable leukemic DNA.ConclusionDNA‐based MRD techniques may complement RT‐qPCR for assessment of residual leukemia. DNA‐based methods offer high positive and negative predictive values with respect to residual leukemic NPM1 transcripts at levels of importance for response to treatment. However, moving to DNA‐based MRD methods will miss a proportion of patients with residual leukemic RNA, but on the other hand some MRD samples with detectable leukemic DNA can be devoid of measurable leukemic RNA.
The association of a low glycaemic index diet in pregnancy with child body composition at 5 years of age: A secondary analysis of theROLOstudy
Authors: Callanan Sophie , Yelverton Cara A. , Geraghty Aisling A. , O'Brien Eileen C. , Donnelly Jean M. , Larkin Elizabeth , Horan Mary K. , Mehegan John , McAuliffe Fionnuala M. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryIntroductionChildhood obesity remains a significant global health concern. Early intervention through maternal diet during pregnancy represents a possible mode of improving childhood adiposity.AimTo examine the impact of a low glycaemic index diet during pregnancy on offspring anthropometry at 5 years of age.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of 387 children from the ROLO pregnancy study 5 years' post‐intervention. At the follow‐up, BMI, circumferences and skinfold thickness were obtained. A subgroup of 103 children had a DXA scan completed. Statistical analyses included Independent samplettests, Mann Whitney‐Utests and chi‐square tests to compare the intervention and control groups. Adjusted analysis using linear regression controlled for significant confounders between participants who returned at follow‐up and those that did not.ResultsThere were no significant differences in BMI (16.05 kg/m2vs 16.16 kg/m2,P = 0.403), general adiposity (36.60 mm vs 36.00 mm,P = 0.920), central adiposity (0.61 mm vs 0.60 mm,P = 0.540), total fat mass (4.91 kg vs 4.71 kg,P = 0.377) or total lean mass (14.29 kg vs 14.56 kg,P = 0.386) between the intervention and control groups, respectively. No associations were observed in 5‐year outcomes in adjusted analyses when controlling for maternal age at delivery, maternal early pregnancy BMI, maternal education and gestational age.ConclusionOur study found no evidence that a low glycaemic index diet in pregnancy impacts offspring anthropometry 5 years' post‐intervention. Therefore, modulating maternal carbohydrate quality in pregnancy may not be an appropriate approach to improving weight status in childhood. Future research should investigate the impact of other dietary practices in pregnancy on child health.
Safety and mid‐term surgical results of anterior urethroplasty with the tissue‐engineered oral mucosa graft MukoCell®: A single‐center experience
Authors: Karapanos Leonidas , Akbarov Ilgar , Zugor Vahudin , Kokx Ruud , Hagemeier Anna , Heidenreich Axel 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the mid‐term efficacy and safety of anterior urethroplasty using an autologous tissue‐engineered oral mucosa graft (MukoCell®).MethodsThe data of 77 patients with anterior urethral strictures undergoing treatment with MukoCell® at a tertiary center from June 2016 to May 2019 were analyzed. Patients’ characteristics, pre‐ and postoperative diagnostics, perioperative complications, and follow‐up data were obtained. The overall stricture‐free survival, outcomes of the different surgical techniques, stricture localizations, stricture length, early complications of the procedure and risk factors of recurrence were assessed.ResultsThe median follow‐up period was 38 months (interquartile range 31–46). The overall recurrence‐free rate of anterior urethroplasty using MukoCell® was 68.8%, 24 patients (31.2%) developed a recurrence of the stricture. The stricture recurrences were observed at a median of 7 months (interquartile range 3–13) only in patients with at least one previous surgery or repeated dilatations in their medical history. No oral‐urethral adverse events related to the use of MukoCell® were observed, except for a urethrocutaneous fistula (1.3%) requiring reoperation.ConclusionsAnterior one‐stage urethroplasty using MukoCell® showed in our hands a mid‐term success rate of up to 68.8% without significant adverse events after a median follow‐up period of 38 months. This procedure might be an alternative option for long‐segment urethral reconstruction.
Nursing strategies for COVID‐19 prevention and control in a selected dental clinic
Authors: Zheng Jiali , Ni Xiaojun , Yuan Weijun , Hou Lili 
Published: May 2021

AimTo comprehensively introduce the prevention and control measures that we can take in dental clinics during the pandemic period of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and provide some practical experience for the development of nursing and health policies applicable to COVID‐19.BackgroundThe outbreak of COVID‐19 has placed the global health system under threat, which seriously influences the normal operations of human society. Safe and effective nursing measures should be taken to ensure the normal operation of dental clinics.Sources of evidenceWe searched and referenced many references on the PubMed database. Through the combination of related literatures and our experience, we describe various strategies, including personnel management, personal protection, disinfection and isolation, adopted in the dental clinic of our Chinese hospital during the pandemic of COVID‐19.Discussion/ConclusionsWe introduced strategies for the nursing staff in dental clinics to assist them with the prevention and control of COVID‐19. The successful implementation of the protective measures could ensure the safety of medical staff and patients, and contributed to the normal operation of dental clinics during the pandemic period.Conclusions for nursing and health policyDuring the pandemic, frontline nurses are under physical and mental pressure facing the threat of infection while at work. In addition to pandemic prevention, we should also pay attention to the needs of nursing staff. More reasonable and effective nursing and health policies should be formulated to ensure their safety and protect their rights and interests. This is the only way that the prevention and control of COVID‐19 can be achieved, and we can prepare for future public health events.
World Health Organization Chief Nursing Officer Elizabeth Iro in interview: the COVID‐19 pandemic, and nursing and midwifery challenges and qualities
Authors: Parish Colin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn an interview, World Health Organization Chief Nursing Officer Elizabeth Iro reflected on nursing during the COVID‐19 pandemic and how nurses have risen to the challenges they have faced. Despite the cancellation of virtually all the activities planned to mark 2020 as the International Year of the Nurse and Midwife, she believes that nurses’ leadership, courage, compassion, commitment and expertise have been revealed to the world like never before. However, it is critical to nurture and support the next generation of nurses so that they can help to bring about the necessary reforms for health systems around the world.
A qualitative systematic review on nurses’ experiences of workplace bullying and implications for nursing practice
Authors: Shorey Shefaly , Wong Phyllis Zhi En 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsTo explore nurses’ experiences of workplace bullying and ways to prevent such occurrences.DesignA qualitative systematic review was conducted.Data sourcesFive electronic databases were searched from each database's inception to December 2020.Review methodsMeta‐summary and meta‐synthesis were conducted using Sandelowski and Barroso's approach.ResultsTwenty‐seven studies were included in this review. The overarching theme, ‘The Vicious Cycle of Bullying in Nursing’, and four themes were synthesized: (a) different ‘faces’ of bullying, (b) the hidden drivers of bullying, (c) impact of being bullied and (d) responses to bullying.ConclusionThe nursing code of ethics and anti‐bullying policies should be consistently enforced by each organization's upper management. Nurses should be provided a safe space to voice their concerns on bullying within the organization.
Evaluating species origins within tropical sky‐islands arthropod communities
Authors: Uscanga Adriana , López Heriberto , Piñero Daniel , Emerson Brent C. , Mastretta‐Yanes Alicia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo (a) evaluate whether colonization of newly emerged high‐elevation habitats occurred from neighbouring highlands (allopatric divergence and niche conservatism) or from within the same mountain (peripatric or parapatric divergence and niche shift) and (b) test for the effect of past landscape configurations in geographically structuring biodiversity (a West–East structure spanning the central part of the Transmexican Volcanic Belt).LocationTransmexican Volcanic Belt, Mexico.TaxaColeoptera and Araneae.MethodsColeoptera and Araneae communities were collected in a comparative sampling framework. Seven sky‐islands were sampled within two high‐elevation habitats separated by altitude. Samples were individually sequenced for a region of the mtDNA COI gene to delimit Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) and haplotypes within them. Richness was estimated at the community level, as well as genetic diversity within and among mountains and habitats. The West–East structure was tested with a null model and an analysis of variance with permutations.ResultsFew OTUs were shared between the Abies forests and alpine grasslands. High beta diversity was found across mountains. Beta diversity between the West and East grouping is higher than expected by chance.Main conclusionsOur results indicate that colonization from other mountains followed by allopatric divergence dominates as a source of OTU formation, and that despite some probable connectivity during glacial periods existed, ancient communities and genetic structures persist.
Morphology of the digestive system in carnivorous freshwater dourado Salminus brasiliensis
Authors: Alves Angélica P. C. , Pereira Raquel T. , Rosa Priscila V. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe digestive system of teleost shows remarkable functional and morphological diversity. In this study, the digestive tract and accessory organs of dourado Salminus brasiliensis are characterized using anatomical, histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses. The existence of taste buds bordered by microridges in the oesophagus of dourado was recorded for the first time, thus showing that the species drives food intake by either swallowing or rejecting the food item. The Y‐shaped stomach of dourado consisted of cardiac, cecal and pyloric regions with tubular gastric glands registered solely in the cardiac and cecal segments. The intestine is a short N‐shaped tube with two loops, an intestinal coefficient of 0.73. The structure of pyloric caeca is similar to that of the intestine wall, comprising tunica mucosa, tela submucosa, tunica muscularis and tunica serosa layers. Histochemical analyses revealed an increased incidence of goblet cells from the midgut to the hindgut segment. A well‐developed enteric plexus of scattered nerve cell and fibres are found along the digestive tract, and the calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactive neurons and fibres were identified in the myenteric plexus from the oesophagus to the hindgut. The exocrine pancreas appears diffuse in the mesentery around the stomach, intestine and also reaches the liver, and the endocrine pancreas is organized as a few islets of Langerhans. The liver comprises three distinct, asymmetric lobes, and the portal triad arrangement was registered in this tissue.
Protein energy wasting and long‐term outcomes in nondialysis dependent chronic kidney disease
Authors: Franco Bryan B. , Hopman Wilma M. , Lamarche Michelle C. , Holden Rachel M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundNutritional status and protein energy wasting (PEW) is prevalent in patients with nondialysis‐dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD). The relationship between PEW and long‐term development of clinically important outcomes remains to be examined.ObjectivesTo investigate the relationships between PEW, as measured by Subjective Global Assessment (SGA 1‐7), and progression to important clinical outcomes: mortality and/or kidney failure.DesignProspective cohort design.ParticipantsOne hundred and thirty‐nine participants were well‐nourished and 37 moderately malnourished patients with CKD 3‐5.MeasurementsThe outcomes were 2, 5, and 10‐year progression to kidney failure (dialysis or transplant) or mortality, kidney failure alone, and mortality alone. SGA was determined by a registered renal dietitian. Food frequency questionnaires were used to assess dietary intake. Clinical and laboratory baseline characteristics were collected. Multivariable regression models and Cox models were created to examine the relationship between SGA and outcomes.ResultsPEW was associated with the combined outcome of kidney failure or mortality at 2 (p = 0.003), 5 (p = 0.004), but not at 10 (p = 0.73) years. This relationship was primarily driven by the relationship between PEW and kidney failure. In Cox models, the relationship between PEW and kidney failure remained after adjusting for Kidney Failure Risk Equation scores. The multivariable modeling revealed that PEW remained a statistically significant predictor of the combined outcome and ESKD after adjustment for age, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), sex, albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio, diabetes, albumin, and protein intake.ConclusionsPEW, determined by the SGA 1‐7, is an important prognostic tool. Further research looking at clinically important outcomes are needed to implement nutritional interventions for nondialysis‐dependent CKD patients.
Comparison of treatment effects from total arch distalization using modified C‐palatal plates versus maxillary premolar extraction in Class II patients with severe overjet
Authors: Alfawaz Fawaz , Park Jae Hyun , Lee Nam‐Ki , Bayome Mohamed , Tai Kiyoshi , Ku Ja Hyeong , Kim Yoonji , Kook Yoon‐Ah 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to compare the skeletodental and soft tissue changes with total arch distalization using a modified C‐palatal plate (MCPP) and maxillary first premolar extraction treatment in Class II malocclusion patients with severe overjet.Setting and sample populationThe sample consisted of 46 adult patients who had Class II Division 1 malocclusion with severe overjet; 25 of them received non‐extraction treatment with MCPPs (age, 22.5 ± 7.2 years), and 21 received maxillary first premolar extraction treatment (age 23.4 ± 6.5 years).MethodA total of 26 variables were measured on pre‐ and post‐treatment lateral cephalograms. To evaluate the differences between pretreatment and post‐treatment in each group, t tests and Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests were used. To compare the amount of change between the two groups, MANOVA test was used.ResultsThe overjet was significantly reduced in the MCPP and extraction groups by 4.8 mm and 5.4 mm, respectively. However, the two groups had no significant difference in the sagittal, vertical and angular changes of the maxillary incisors. In addition, regarding soft tissue changes, the MCPP and extraction groups showed an increased nasolabial angle of 7.5° and 9.4°, decreased upper lip to the true vertical line of 1.8 mm and 2.2 mm, respectively (P < .001).ConclusionsThere was no significant difference in the skeletal changes between the MCPP and extraction groups, and the reduction in overjet was similar in the groups. These results suggest that MCPP might be a viable treatment option for total arch distalization in Class II malocclusion patients with severe overjet.