bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International students’ linguistic transitions into disciplinary studies: a rhizomatic perspective
Authors: Dippold Doris , Heron Marion , Gravett Karen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper offers a reconceptualisation of international students’ transitions into and through UK higher education. We present two case studies of students which explore their transitions in terms of their academic speaking skills from pre-sessional courses into their disciplinary studies. Students describe how the development of their confidence and performance in academic speaking was contingent on a number of factors and micro-moments, and how this progress into and within disciplinary studies often involved regression and discomfort. Nevertheless, they also talked of developing strategies to overcome challenges and the resultant learning. We argue that transitions to disciplinary studies in terms of academic speaking can be more helpfully understood as non-linear, fluid and rhizomatic. This study offers valuable insights for individuals and institutions to move away from a fixed student lifecycle perspective to consider instead how reciprocal, embedded and on-going support for international students may better reflect students’ experiences.
iDocChip: A Configurable Hardware Architecture for Historical Document Image Processing
Authors: Tekleyohannes Menbere Kina , Rybalkin Vladimir , Ghaffar Muhammad Mohsin , Varela Javier Alejandro , Wehn Norbert , Dengel Andreas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn recent years,$$\hbox {optical character recognition (OCR)}$$optical character recognition (OCR)systems have been used to digitally preserve historical archives. To transcribe historical archives into a machine-readable form, first, the documents are scanned, then an$$\hbox {OCR}$$OCRis applied. In order to digitize documents without the need to remove them from where they are archived, it is valuable to have a portable device that combines scanning and$$\hbox {OCR}$$OCRcapabilities. Nowadays, there exist many commercial and open-source document digitization techniques, which are optimized for contemporary documents. However, they fail to give sufficient text recognition accuracy for transcribing historical documents due to the severe quality degradation of such documents. On the contrary, the anyOCR system, which is designed to mainly digitize historical documents, provides high accuracy. However, this comes at a cost of high computational complexity resulting in long runtime and high power consumption. To tackle these challenges, we propose a low power energy-efficient accelerator with real-time capabilities called iDocChip, which is a configurable hybrid hardware-software programmable$$\hbox {System-on-Chip (SoC)}$$System-on-Chip (SoC)based on anyOCR for digitizing historical documents. In this paper, we focus on one of the most crucial processing steps in the anyOCR system:Text and Image Segmentation, which makes use of a multi-resolution morphology-based algorithm. Moreover, an optimized$$\hbox {FPGA}$$FPGA-based hybrid architecture of this anyOCR step along with its optimized software implementations are presented. We demonstrate our results on multiple embedded and general-purpose platforms with respect to runtime and power consumption. The resulting hardware accelerator outperforms the existing anyOCR by6.2$$\times$$×, while achieving207$$\times$$×higher energy-efficiency and maintaining its high accuracy.
Long-Term Physical Health Outcomes of Resettled Refugee Populations in the United States: A Scoping Review
Authors: Kumar Gayathri S. , Beeler Jenna A. , Seagle Emma E. , Jentes Emily S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSeveral studies describe the health of recently resettled refugee populations in the US beyond the first 8 months after arrival. This review summarizes the results of these studies. Scientific articles from five databases published from January 2008 to March 2019 were reviewed. Articles were included if study subjects included any of the top five US resettlement populations during 2008–2018 and if data described long-term physical health outcomes beyond the first 8 months after arrival in the US. Thirty-three studies met the inclusion criteria (1.5%). Refugee adults had higher odds of having a chronic disease compared with non-refugee immigrant adults, and an increased risk for diabetes compared with US-born controls. The most commonly reported chronic diseases among Iraqi, Somali, and Bhutanese refugee adults included diabetes and hypertension. Clinicians should consider screening and evaluating for chronic conditions in the early resettlement period. Further evaluations can build a more comprehensive, long-term health profile of resettled refugees to inform public health practice.
Uncovering the Source of Patrimonial Voting: Evidence from Swedish Twin Pairs
Authors: Ahlskog Rafael , Brännlund Anton 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe boom in wealth inequality seen in recent decades has generated a steep rise in scholarly interest in both the drivers and the consequences of the wealth gap. In political science, a pertinent question regards the political behavior across the wealth spectrum. A common argument is that the wealthy practice patrimonial voting, i.e. voting for right-wing parties to maximize returns on their assets. While this pattern is descriptively well documented, it is less certain to what extent this reflects an actual causal relationship between wealth and political preferences. In this study, we provide new evidence by exploiting wealth variation within identical twin pairs. Our findings suggest that while more wealth is descriptively connected to more support for right-wing parties, the causal impact of wealth on policy preferences is likely highly overstated. For several relevant policy areas these effects may not exist at all. Furthermore, the bias in naive observational estimates seems to be mainly driven by environmental familial confounders shared within twin pairs, rather than genetic confounding.
Interaction effects between dynamic hybrid products and traditional deferred annuities in the German life insurance market
Authors: Moretti Nikolaj , Bartels Johannes 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDynamic hybrid products emerged in 2007 and are now well established in the German life insurance market. In this article, we study interaction effects between dynamic hybrid products and traditional deferred annuity contracts, that are sold by the same insurance company. The key question we investigate is whether the presence of dynamic hybrid products has a negative effect on the payout of traditional insurance products. We do so by using data drawn from a Monte Carlo simulation that is based on a model presented in this article. These data reveal that dynamic hybrid products reduce the payment to policyholders of traditional deferred annuities via the channel of surplus participation.
Promoting Service Leadership Qualities and Well-Being among University Students: Evaluation Findings in Hong Kong
Authors: Zhu Xiaoqin , Shek Daniel T. L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractService leadership education initiatives have been launched in Hong Kong to meet the emerging demand for service leaders and enhance university students’ well-being through nurturing not only competence but also good character and caring disposition. However, rigorous evaluation work based on validated assessment tools has not been adequately carried out to examine whether student well-being and service leadership qualities would increase after the learning process. Using a one-group pretest-posttest design, this study investigated the effectiveness of a credit-bearing subject entitled “Service Leadership” implemented in one university in Hong Kong. Based on the responses of 114 participants (49.1% boys, Age = 20.21 ± 2.96 years), it was found that students showed improvement in service leadership knowledge, attitude, and behavior after taking the subject. In addition, their life satisfaction and positive youth development attributes as indicators of well-being also significantly increased. Furthermore, the increase in well-being among students was closely associated with their attitudinal and behavioral changes but not knowledge acquisition. The present findings imply that a formal curriculum-based leadership course can be a promising way to promote student service leadership qualities and well-being.
Combating overreporting of deductions in tax returns: prefilling and restricting the deductibility of expenditures
Authors: Fochmann Martin , Hechtner Frank , Kölle Tobias , Overesch Michael 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe experimentally analyze three anti-tax-evasion mechanisms: (1) prefilling of deductions in tax returns, (2) restricting tax evasion opportunities by either disallowing or (3) limiting the deductibility of expenditures. We find that prefilling compared to blank forms reduces tax evasion. Cutting the number of tax evasion opportunities by disallowing the deductibility of expenditure items is an ineffective mechanism to combat tax evasion as individuals shift their tax evasion activities from the disallowed item to other non-restricted items. In contrast, our results suggest that just limiting the deductibility of expenditures avoids this evasion-shift-effect.
Magnetic resonance imaging findings in 11 cases of dedifferentiated endometrial carcinoma of the uterus
Authors: Kikkawa Nao , Ito Kimiteru , Yoshida Hiroshi , Kato Mayumi Kobayashi , Kubo Yuko , Onishi Yasuyuki , Sugawara Haruto , Kato Tomoyasu , Kusumoto Masahiko 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
We evaluated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of dedifferentiated endometrial carcinoma (DEC), comprising undifferentiated carcinoma and low-grade endometrioid carcinoma.

Materials and methods
We recruited 11 patients with pathologically proven DEC treated at our institute. We evaluated primary lesion size, location and signal intensity on MRI, and prognosis. MRI and pathological findings were compared in eight resected patients.

Results
Primary tumors ranged from 16 to 206 mm in diameter. DEC was located at the endometrium in 9 of the 11 patients; the remaining two patients showed diffuse involvement of the enlarged myometrium. These two patients with diffuse involvement type died within 4 months. Of the eight patients who underwent resection, seven had macroscopic intratumoral hemorrhage and six showed a high signal on T1-weighted images or low signal on T2-weighted images. Of the eight resected patients, four had tumor necrosis > 25% and tumor size > 5 cm. In these patients, necrosis appeared as nonenhanced areas on contrast-enhanced MRI.

Conclusion
MRI findings of DEC showed two patterns: mass-forming type and diffuse myometrial type with poor prognosis. Most patients with DEC had intratumoral hemorrhage, and large tumors (> 5 cm) had gross necrosis, which appeared as nonenhanced areas on contrast-enhanced MRI.
Comparison of cardiovascular disease and cancer prevalence between Mediterranean and north European middle-aged populations (The Cilento on Ageing Outcomes Study and The Malmö Offspring Study)
Authors: Melander Olle , Antonini Paola , Ottosson Filip , Brunkwall Louise , Gallo Widet , Nilsson Peter M. , Orho-Melander Marju , Pacente Gaetano , D’Arena Giovanni , Di Somma Salvatore 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMediterranean diet protects from both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. In the 1960s, Ancel Keys defined the concept of Mediterranean diet in the South Italian region of Cilento and proposed it as a key factor for healthy ageing in the region. The aim of the current study was to compare the prevalence of CVD and cancer between a middle-aged population from Cilento and those of a Northern European population from Malmö, Sweden. We clinically characterized two middle-aged (50–67 years of age) population-based samples from Cilento (n = 809) and Malmö (n = 1025), Sweden, respectively. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for disease prevalence in Malmö versus Cilento inhabitants adjusted for age and sex (model 1) and adjusted for all cardiometabolic risk factors (model 2). The prevalence of hypertension, current smoking, diabetes mellitus and levels of body mass index and triglycerides were lower, whereas HDL-cholesterol was higher in Malmö than in Cilento. LDL-cholesterol was higher and estimated glomerular filtration rate was lower in Malmö than in Cilento. The odds ratio for cardiovascular disease in Malmö versus Cilento inhabitants was 1.13 (0.69–1.87) (P = 0.62) in model 1, whereas it was significantly elevated in model 2 [2.03 (1.14–3.60) (P = 0.016)]. Moreover, the odds ratio for cancer in Malmö versus Cilento was 2.78 (1.81–4.27) (P < 0.001) in model 1 and 3.11 (1.97–4.92) (P < 0.001) in model 2. The higher odds of CVD and cancer in Malmö versus Cilento, when risk factors were accounted for, suggests the existence of unknown protective factors in Cilento.
Unitary Boundary Pairs for Isometric Operators in Pontryagin Spaces and Generalized Coresolvents
Authors: Baidiuk D. , Derkach V. , Hassi S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAn isometric operatorVin a Pontryagin space$${{{\mathfrak {H}}}}$$His called standard, if its domain and the range are nondegenerate subspaces in$${{{\mathfrak {H}}}}$$H. A description of coresolvents for standard isometric operators is known and basic underlying concepts that appear in the literature are unitary colligations and characteristic functions. In the present paper generalized coresolvents of non-standard Pontryagin space isometric operators are described. The methods used in this paper rely on a new general notion of boundary pairs introduced for isometric operators in a Pontryagin space setting. Even in the Hilbert space case this notion generalizes the earlier concept of boundary triples for isometric operators and offers an alternative approach to study operator valued Schur functions without any additional invertibility requirements appearing in the ordinary boundary triple approach.
Create your own problem! When given descriptions of real-world situations, do students pose and solve modelling problems?
Authors: Hartmann Luisa-Marie , Krawitz Janina , Schukajlow Stanislaw 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAs problem posing has been shown to foster students’ problem-solving abilities, problem posing might serve as an innovative teaching approach for improving students’ modelling performance. However, there is little research on problem posing regarding real-world situations. The present paper addresses this research gap by using a modelling perspective to examine (1) what types of problems students pose (e.g., modelling vs. word problems) and (2) how students solve different types of self-generated problems. To answer these questions, we recruited 82 ninth- and tenth-graders from German high schools and middle schools to participate in this study. We presented students with different real-world situations. Then we asked them to pose problems that referred to these situations and to solve the problems they posed. We analyzed students’ self-generated problems and their solutions using criteria from research on modelling. Our analysis revealed that students posed problems that were related to reality and required the application of mathematical methods. Therefore, problem posing with respect to given real-world situations can be a beneficial approach for fostering modelling abilities. However, students showed a strong tendency to generate word problems for which important modelling activities (e.g., making assumptions) are not needed. Of the students who generated modelling problems, a few either neglected to make assumptions or made assumptions but were not able to integrate them adequately into their mathematical models, and therefore failed to solve those problems. We conclude that students should be taught to pose problems, in order to benefit more from this powerful teaching approach in the area of modelling.
Assessing the health-related management of people with differences of sex development
Authors: Jürgensen Martina , Rapp Marion , Döhnert Ulla , Frielitz Fabian-Simon , Ahmed Faisal , Cools Martine , Thyen Ute , Hiort Olaf 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Health care requirements and perception of people with differences of sex development (DSD) have changed enormously since the “Chicago Consensus Conference” in 2005. Therefore, new standards of care and evaluation of care have to be developed.

Methods
We summarize the social and legal approach to care for DSD during the last two decades and report the main results of European research activities.

Results
The last two decades were accompanied by legal and societal discussion regarding how to deal with a nonbinary concept of sex. This leads to the necessity to assess health care requirements for individuals with DSD in an objective manner. We briefly review the results of the recently funded European research projects dealing with health-related issues in DSD like EU COST Action DSD, I-DSD, and dsd-LIFE, and address the compilation of quality indicators that will be needed to benchmark health care provision and health care-related outcomes.

Conclusions
The benchmarking process has to be implemented among health care providers for individuals with DSD within the European Reference Networks for Rare Conditions.
Studying Autism Using Untargeted Metabolomics in Newborn Screening Samples
Authors: Courraud Julie , Ernst Madeleine , Svane Laursen Susan , Hougaard David M. , Cohen Arieh S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMain risk factors of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) include both genetic and non-genetic factors, especially prenatal and perinatal events. Newborn screening dried blood spot (DBS) samples have great potential for the study of early biochemical markers of disease. To study DBS strengths and limitations in the context of ASD research, we analyzed the metabolomic profiles of newborns later diagnosed with ASD. We performed LC-MS/MS-based untargeted metabolomics on DBS from 37 case-control pairs randomly selected from the iPSYCH sample. After preprocessing using MZmine 2.41, metabolites were putatively annotated using mzCloud, GNPS feature-based molecular networking, and MolNetEnhancer. A total of 4360 mass spectral features were detected, of which 150 (113 unique) could be putatively annotated at a high confidence level. Chemical structure information at a broad level could be retrieved for 1009 metabolites, covering 31 chemical classes. Although no clear distinction between cases and controls was revealed, our method covered many metabolites previously associated with ASD, suggesting that biochemical markers of ASD are present at birth and may be monitored during newborn screening. Additionally, we observed that gestational age, age at sampling, and month of birth influence the metabolomic profiles of newborn DBS, which informs us on the important confounders to address in future studies.
SEOM clinical guideline in ovarian cancer (2020)
Authors: Redondo A. , Guerra E. , Manso L. , Martin-Lorente C. , Martinez-Garcia J. , Perez-Fidalgo J. A. , Varela M. Q. , Rubio M. J. , Barretina-Ginesta M. P. , Gonzalez-Martin A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDespite remarkable advances in the knowledge of molecular biology and treatment, ovarian cancer remains the leading cause of death from gynecologic cancer. In the last decade, there have been important advances both in systemic and surgical treatment. However, there is no doubt that the incorporation of PARP inhibitors as maintenance after the response to platinum-based chemotherapy, first in recurrent disease and recently also in first line, will change the natural history of the disease.The objective of this guide is to summarize the current evidence for the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of ovarian cancer, and to provide evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice.
Investigating cattle husbandry in the Swiss Late Neolithic using different scales of temporal precision: potential early evidence for deliberate livestock “improvement” in Europe
Authors: Wright Elizabeth 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCattle were the most common domestic livestock animal throughout much of the Neolithic period in the area now occupied by modern day Switzerland, home to a significant number of sites dating to between approximately 4400 and 2500 cal BC. Many of these sites were located in wetland locations, resulting in very well-preserved large faunal assemblages which can be dated using dendrochronology with rare precision. This region is also particularly important for our knowledge of the spread of culture and innovation through Central Europe during the Neolithic period—its topography results in a natural corridor through which influences travelled from both the east and west. This study is the first to combine cattle data from across the whole of Switzerland, focusing on %NISP and biometrical data, in order to investigate how cattle husbandry changed over time, comparing the east and west of the region. A number of different temporal scales are used in order to look for broad patterns and then focus in for more detail. Results indicate that there is a clear correlation between %NISP and body size of cattle throughout much of the Swiss Neolithic and that cattle husbandry changed broadly in line with perceived cultural changes in both the east and west. Of particular interest is a clear increase in both %NISP and body size around the time of the introduction of the Corded Ware culture, contrary to the general pattern of cattle body size decrease seen across Europe at this time. This change is seen, however, in the west of Switzerland prior to the east and raises questions around alternative origins and areas of influence. Either way, the most likely explanation for the increase in cattle size is the introduction of a new population (or populations) of larger cattle into the region, which are incorporated into herds over a few hundred years, providing perhaps some of the earliest evidence for cattle “improvement” in Europe.
The origins and evolution of Cypriot glazed ware productions during the thirteenth to seventeenth centuries CE
Authors: Ting Carmen , Rehren Thilo , Vionis Athanasios , Kassianidou Vasiliki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper challenges the conventional characterisation of glazed ware productions in the eastern Mediterranean, especially the ones which did not feature the use of opaque or tin-glazed technology, as technologically stagnant and unsusceptible to broader socio-economic developments from the late medieval period onwards. Focusing on the Cypriot example, we devise a new approach that combines scientific analyses (thin-section petrography and SEM-EDS) and a full consideration of thechaîne opératoirein context to highlight the changes in technology and craft organisation of glazed ware productions concentrating in the Paphos, Famagusta and Lapithos region during the thirteenth to seventeenth centuries CE. Our results indicate that the Paphos production was short-lived, lasting from the establishment of Frankish rule in Cyprus in the thirteenth century to the aftermath of the fall of the Crusader campaigns in the fourteenth century. However, glazed ware production continued in Famagusta and Lapithos from the late thirteenth/fourteenth centuries through to the seventeenth century, using technical practices that were evidently different from the Paphos production. It is possible that these productions were set up to serve the new, local demands deriving from an intensification of commercial activities on the island. Further changes occurred to the technical practices of the Famagusta and Lapithos productions around the 16th/17th centuries, coinciding with the displacement of populations and socio-political organisation brought by the Ottoman rule.