bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D Bioprinted Multicellular Vascular Models
Authors: Gold Karli A. , Saha Biswajit , Rajeeva Pandian Navaneeth Krishna , Walther Brandon K. , Palma Jorge A. , Jo Javier , Cooke John P. , Jain Abhishek , Gaharwar Akhilesh K. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract3D bioprinting is an emerging additive manufacturing technique to fabricate constructs for human disease modeling. However, current cell‐laden bioinks lack sufficient biocompatibility, printability, and structural stability needed to translate this technology to preclinical and clinical trials. Here, a new class of nanoengineered hydrogel‐based cell‐laden bioinks is introduced, that can be printed into 3D, anatomically accurate, multicellular blood vessels to recapitulate both the physical and chemical microenvironments of native human vasculature. A remarkably unique characteristic of this bioink is that regardless of cell density, it demonstrates a high printability and ability to protect encapsulated cells against high shear forces in the bioprinting process. 3D bioprinted cells maintain a healthy phenotype and remain viable for nearly one‐month post‐fabrication. Leveraging these properties, the nanoengineered bioink is printed into 3D cylindrical blood vessels, consisting of living co‐culture of endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, providing the opportunity to model vascular function and pathophysiology. Upon cytokine stimulation and blood perfusion, this 3D bioprinted vessel is able to recapitulate thromboinflammatory responses observed only in advanced in vitro preclinical models or in vivo. Therefore, this 3D bioprinted vessel provides a potential tool to understand vascular disease pathophysiology and assess therapeutics, toxins, or other chemicals.
Rapid Capture of Cancer Extracellular Vesicles by Lipid Patch Microarrays
Authors: Liu Hui‐Yu , Kumar Ravi , Zhong Chunting , Gorji Saleh , Paniushkina Liliia , Masood Ramsha , Wittel Uwe A. , Fuchs Harald , Nazarenko Irina , Hirtz Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) contain various bioactive molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins, and play a key role in the regulation of cancer progression. Furthermore, cancer‐associated EVs carry specific biomarkers and can be used in liquid biopsy for cancer detection. However, it is still technically challenging and time consuming to detect or isolate cancer‐associated EVs from complex biofluids (e.g., blood). Here, a novel EV‐capture strategy based on dip‐pen nanolithography generated microarrays of supported lipid membranes is presented. These arrays carry specific antibodies recognizing EV‐ and cancer‐specific surface biomarkers, enabling highly selective and efficient capture. Importantly, it is shown that the nucleic acid cargo of captured EVs is retained on the lipid array, providing the potential for downstream analysis. Finally, the feasibility of EV capture from patient sera is demonstrated. The demonstrated platform offers rapid capture, high specificity, and sensitivity, with only a small need in analyte volume and without additional purification steps. The platform is applied in context of cancer‐associated EVs, but it can easily be adapted to other diagnostic EV targets by use of corresponding antibodies.
Dynamic Bifunctional Metasurfaces for Holography and Color Display
Authors: Yang Wenhong , Qu Geyang , Lai Fangxing , Liu Yilin , Ji Ziheng , Xu Yi , Song Qinghai , Han Jiecai , Xiao Shumin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMetasurfaces have shown their unprecedented ability in wavefront shaping and triggered various applications with state‐of‐the‐art performances, e.g., color nanoprinting and metaholograms. Recently, these two functions have been combined into a single metasurface to further expand its capabilities. Despite the progress, the current dual‐mode metasurfaces are mostly static and strongly hinder their practical applications. Herein, the realization of dynamic bifunctional metasurfaces is reported. Five metaholograms at two different wavelengths are multiplexed with structural colors by controlling the spectral and phase response of metasurface. Owing to the destructive interference and the resonance on external environment, the light diffraction at particular wavelengths can be switched between “ON” and “OFF” states, or remain unchanged with the change of surrounding refractive index. Consequently, the encoded metaholograms are selectively turned on and off, making the overall holographic image dynamically switchable. This concept paves a solid step toward practical applications of all‐dielectric metasurfaces.
Response to Comment on “Eppur si Muove: Proton Diffusion in Halide Perovskite Single Crystals”: Measure What is Measurable, and Make Measurable What is Not So: Discrepancies between Proton Diffusion in Halide Perovskite Single Crystals and Thin Films
Authors: Ceratti Davide Raffaele , Zohar Arava , Hodes Gary , Cahen David 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBuffeteau et al. note that the proton diffusion coefficient in MAPbI3 that is deduced (by the authors) from results, obtained by a suite of complementary techniques, on a large number of single crystals (Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 2002467) is 5 orders of magnitude higher than what is estimated (by them) in J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 10431, from infrared spectroscopy on ultrathin MAPbI3 films; use of (deuterium/hydrogen) D/H isotope substitution is common to both studies. Buffeteau et al. speculated that proton diffusion in halide perovskite single crystals is dominated by 1D defects, which will somehow not be present in thin films, as those are made up of small‐sized crystallites. It is shown here that the idea of a 1D defect is not supported by the body of experimental data gathered on these crystals, that the statistical analysis employed in to Buffeteau et al. to support the criticism is problematic, and it is concluded that the source of the difference must lie elsewhere. Constructive suggestions for this difference are provided and experiments to discern between possible reasons for it are proposed.
Advances in Magnetic‐Field Assisted Photoelectrochemical Systems for Highly Efficient Conversion of Renewable Energy
Authors: Yan Xiaohui , Li Gang , Yu Zhichao , Liu Guohua , Yang Changping , Hu Jifan , Wang Kaiying 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIndustry‐scaled water splitting is one of the achievements in the application chains of sustainable hydrogen energy. Numerous strategies have been used to increase the efficiency in photoelectricity (PE)/photoelectrochemistry (PEC) systems, involving enhancing charge transfers and active surface area. However, the efficiency of PE/PEC water splitting is still confined by the high overpotential of the PE/PEC reactions, unexpected loss of electron migration, and low stability of photocatalytic electrodes. Recently, various magnetically‐enhanced techniques have emerged as promising strategies to improve the conversion efficiency of renewable energy. Herein, this work summarizes recent progress on magnetically‐enhanced methods for promoting PEC water splitting performance. Then magnetism in the PE applications is discussed, such as magnetic sensors, modulators, and isolators. As a summary, future research directions and challenges of magnetic PEC with different magnetic effects and conditions are discussed for enhancing the PEC reactions.
Investigating the Electrical Properties of Monolayer and Bilayer h‐BNs via Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Wang Nan , Song Yiding , Wang Li , Liu Kaihui , Yang Ya 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) is one of the most important 2D materials which attracts tremendous attention for the demonstrated great potential applications in optical and electronic devices. However, whether there are significant differences in the electrical properties of h‐BN with different layers and its mechanism is not revealed clearly. Based on the atomic force microscopy (AFM) technology, the electrical properties of monolayer h‐BN and bilayer h‐BN are investigated. It is found that bilayer h‐BN shows quite different electrical characteristics from monolayer h‐BN. It is proposed that the difference of work functions between monolayer h‐BN and bilayer h‐BN contributes to the different electrical characteristics. Meanwhile, the interlayer coupling resistance due to coupling between the layers of h‐BN also plays a vital role in electron transport. Besides, the effect of load force on electrical characteristics of h‐BN with different layers is also investigated. This work provides a new insight to understand the effect of the different layers on electrical properties of h‐BN. It is hoped that this valuable experimental data can offer meaningful suggestions for future studies and applications on h‐BN and other 2D nanomaterials in general.
Chemical and Structural Degradation of CH3NH3PbI3 Propagate from PEDOT:PSS Interface in the Presence of Humidity
Authors: Thomas Sara A. , Hamill Jr J. Clay , White Sarah Jane O. , Loo Yueh‐Lin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnderstanding interfacial reactions that occur between the active layer and charge‐transport layers can extend the stability of perovskite solar cells. In this study, the exposure of methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) thin films prepared on poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)‐coated glass to 70% relative humidity (R.H.) leads to a perovskite crystal structure change from tetragonal to cubic within 2 days. Interface‐sensitive photoluminescence measurements indicate that the structural change originates at the PEDOT:PSS/perovskite interface. During exposure to 30% R.H., the same structural change occurs over a much longer time scale (>200 days), and a reflection consistent with the presence of (CH3)2NH2PbI3 is detected to coexist with the cubic phase by X‐ray diffraction pattern. The authors propose that chemical interactions at the PEDOT:PSS/perovskite interface, facilitated by humidity, promote the formation of dimethylammonium, (CH3)2NH2+. The partial A‐site substitution of CH3NH3+ for (CH3)2NH2+ to produce a cubic (CH3NH3)1−x[(CH3)2NH2]xPbI3 phase explains the structural change from tetragonal to cubic during short‐term humidity exposure. When (CH3)2NH2+ content exceeds its solubility limit in the perovskite during longer humidity exposures, a (CH3)2NH2+‐rich, hexagonal phase of (CH3NH3)1−x[(CH3)2NH2]xPbI3 emerges. These interfacial interactions may have consequences for device stability and performance beyond CH3NH3PbI3 model systems and merit close attention from the perovskite research community.
Electrically Induced Wire‐Forming 3D Printing Technology of Gallium‐Based Low Melting Point Metals
Authors: Wang Xinpeng , Li Liangtao , Yang Xiawei , Wang Hongzhang , Guo Jiarui , Wang Yang , Chen Xuanqi , Hu Liang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLow‐melting point metals and alloys, as emerging 3D printing ink, have attracted more and more attention especially for flexible or intelligent conductors and electronics. However, achieving 3D continuity of liquid metal structures or patterns using a common method is still challenging and worth pursuing. In this study, a generalized method is proposed for 3D printing structures made of low melting gallium‐based alloys with diverse melting points, which should greatly expand their applications. The mechanism for shaping liquid metal inks relies on the combination actions between electrocapillarity and oxidation, which significantly reduces the high surface tension as well provides solid frame for the inner liquid metals. Taken galinstan as an example, the printing conditions, including the viscosity of hydrogel, positive voltage (0–15 V), calcium chloride concentration, and velocity (the movement speed of the printing head) are explored to optimize the process. The printed galinstan is characterized to observe the morphology and elemental analysis of the surface oxide layer. During the process, the chemical reagents are all safe and non‐toxic, which is in line with the green product requirements. This printing method shall have broad application prospect in flexible electronics, biosensors, biomedical engineering, contrast agent in vivo, and other fields.
Metal‐Enhanced Circularly Polarized Luminescence of Self‐Assembled Au@SiO2 Triangular Nanoprisms and Fluorophores in Chiral Cellulose Nanocrystal Films
Authors: Zhao Sixiang , Yu Yingying , Zhang Boyu , Feng Pu , Dang Congcong , Li Ming , Zhao Liancheng , Gao Liming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAmplification of the intensity and dissymmetry factors (glum) of circularly polarized light is desired to broaden the range of applications of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) because of the small glum values commonly observed for CPL materials and the loss of intensity resulting from circular polarization. In this study, enhanced CPL produced by metal‐enhanced fluorescence is successfully achieved by the self‐assembly of Au@SiO2 triangular nanoprisms (Au@SiO2TNPs) and fluorophores (sulforhodamine 101 and methylene blue) in chiral cellulose nanocrystal films. By overlapping the plasmon bands of Au@SiO2TNPs and the excitation–emission spectra of fluorophores, both the fluorescence intensity and glum value of CPL are significantly enhanced. For sulforhodamine 101 in the metal‐enhanced CPL system, a 52‐fold fluorescence enhancement is achieved, and the glum value increased from −0.038 to −0.126. For methylene blue in the metal‐enhanced CPL system, a 201‐fold enhancement of fluorescence is obtained, and the glum value is enhanced from −0.055 to −0.085. This metal‐enhanced CPL film is expected to generate superior circularly polarized light for extensive CPL applications because of its outstanding enhanced CPL, fluorescence amplification, and feasibility for different fluorophores.
Optically Active CdSe/CdS Nanoplatelets Exhibiting Both Circular Dichroism and Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Hao Junjie , Zhao Fenghuan , Wang Qiushi , Lin Jiaying , Chen Peixian , Li Junzi , Zhang Dongxiang , Chen Meijuan , Liu Peizhao , Delville Marie‐Helene , He Tingchao , Cheng Jiaji , Li Yiwen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLigand‐induced chirality in colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals attracts attention because of their tunable chiroptical properties. Here, the induced chirality and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) are investigated as a function of the CdS shell growth in a range of 2D CdSe/CdS nanoplatelets (NPLs) capped with chiral ligands. Five samples of CdSe/CdS NPLs are synthesized by a one‐pot approach to vary the island‐like shell on a four‐monolayer (4 ML) CdSe NPLs core, which effectively reduces the interfacial strain energy. The successful preparation of L‐/D‐Cysteine‐capped CdSe/CdS NPLs with both tunable circular dichroism (CD) and CPL behaviors and a maximum anisotropic luminance factor (glum) of 5.29 × 10−4 is described. The induced chiroptical response shows a direct relationship with the formation of island‐like shell in the first and second stages and shows a clear signal evolution. In the third stage with a full coating shell, the CD and CPL signals are inversely proportional to the CdS shell thickness. The island‐like shell gives birth to the CPL signal, while the formation of full coating shell decreases the induced chirality. Such chiral and emissive NPLs provide an ideal platform for the rational design of semiconductor nanocrystals with chiroptical properties in areas of biomedicine, polarizers, and new generation of display devices.
Recent Advances in Flexible Organic Synaptic Transistors
Authors: Xu Yunchao , Liu Wanrong , Huang Yulong , Jin Chenxing , Zhou Bosheng , Sun Jia , Yang Junliang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn recent years, flexible organic synaptic transistors have attracted considerable attention due to their flexibility, biocompatibility, easy processability, and reduced complexity. Flexible organic synaptic transistors have functions and structures similar to biological synapses but have lower energy consumption. Therefore, they are widely used in mimicking neuromorphic functions. Such devices show significant prospects in the fields of electronic skin, artificial vision system, human brain interface, and wearable consumer electronics. This review summarizes the latest research progress of flexible organic synaptic transistor devices and discusses the selection of flexible substrates, device preparation technology, working mechanisms, and functions. Furthermore, the problems faced by flexible organic synaptic transistor devices and their potential applications are analyzed. This review provides a reference for the design and preparation of flexible organic synaptic transistor devices.
Efficacy and safety of CD19‐directed CAR‐T cell therapies in patients with relapsed/refractory aggressive B‐cell lymphomas: Observations from the JULIET, ZUMA‐1, and TRANSCEND trials
Authors: Westin Jason R. , Kersten Marie José , Salles Gilles , Abramson Jeremy S. , Schuster Stephen J. , Locke Frederick L. , Andreadis Charalambos 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T cell therapies have improved the outcome for many patients with relapsed or refractory aggressive B‐cell lymphomas. In 2017, axicabtagene ciloleucel and soon after tisagenlecleucel became the first approved CAR‐T cell products for patients with high‐grade B‐cell lymphomas or diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who are relapsed or refractory to ≥ 2 prior lines of therapy; lisocabtagene maraleucel was approved in 2021. Safety and efficacy outcomes from the pivotal trials of each CAR‐T cell therapy have been reported. Despite addressing a common unmet need in the large B‐cell lymphoma population and utilizing similar CAR technologies, there are differences between CAR‐T cell products in manufacturing, pivotal clinical trial designs, and data reporting. Early reports of commercial use of axicabtagene ciloleucel and tisagenlecleucel provide the first opportunities to validate the impact of patient characteristics on the efficacy and safety of these CAR‐T cell therapies in the real world. Going forward, caring for patients after CAR‐T cell therapy will require strategies to monitor patients for sustained responses and potential long‐term side effects. In this review, product attributes, protocol designs, and clinical outcomes of the key clinical trials are presented. We discuss recent data on patient characteristics, efficacy, and safety of patients treated with axicabtagene ciloleucel or tisagenlecleucel in the real world. Finally, we discuss postinfusion management and preview upcoming clinical trials of CAR‐T cell therapies.
Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Peptidomimetics with Peptide Backbone Modifications
Authors: Abdildinova Aizhan , Kurth Mark J. , Gong Young‐Dae 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPeptidomimetics are a class of compounds with promising pharmacological properties. Peptidomimetics reduce limitations of peptides including low bioavailability, poor stability, and poor cell‐permeability. Peptide backbone modifications are a frequently used manipulation to reach desirable properties of the peptide molecules. The development of accessible synthetic methodologies plays an important role in peptidomimetic progress. Synthesis of peptidomimetics proceeds via solution and solid‐phase synthesis strategies. Solid‐phase organic synthesis serves as a powerful tool for the preparation of peptidomimetic molecules, thus, numerous strategies have been developed over the years. In this review, we discuss solid‐phase synthetic approaches for peptide backbone modifications that were presented in the last two decades.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis comparing dupilumab and aspirin desensitization therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis in aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease
Authors: Yong Michael , Wu Yu Qi , Howlett Joel , Ballreich Jeromie , Walgama Evan , Thamboo Andrew 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) in the setting of aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is a disease that is difficult to treat and prone to recurrence. Dupilumab is a promising treatment for these patients, but its cost‐effectiveness has not yet been compared with aspirin (acetylsalicyclic acid, or ASA) desensitization, a known and effective treatment. We aimed to compare the cost‐effectiveness of ASA desensitization with dupilumab therapy for the treatment of CRSwNP in AERD.MethodsAnalyses of cost‐effectiveness, as measured in quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs), and cost‐utility, as measured in number of required revision endoscopic sinus surgeries (ESSs), were conducted.ResultsASA desensitization after ESS was cost‐effective and dominated appropriate medical management. Adding salvage dupilumab was also cost‐effective (incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio [ICER] $135,517.33), and upfront dupilumab therapy was not cost‐effective in any scenario (ICER $273,181.32). The cost‐utility analysis demonstrated that, over a 10‐year period per patient, appropriate medical management after ESS cost $54,125.31 and resulted in 2.25 revision ESSs, ASA desensitization after ESS cost $53,775.15 and resulted in 2.02 revision ESSs, ASA desensitization with salvage dupilumab cost $121,176.25 and resulted in 1.68 revision ESSs, and upfront dupilumab cost $185,950.34 and resulted in 1.51 revision ESSs.ConclusionDupilumab for the treatment of severe CRSwNP was found to be cost‐effective as salvage therapy under the willingness‐to‐pay threshold of $150,000. Further analysis highlighted that the cost‐effectiveness of dupilumab was most sensitive to drug price and expected gains in quality of life. This suggests that additional investigation into improving patient population selection and tailoring treatment algorithms may improve the cost‐effectiveness of dupilumab in specific scenarios.
Association of cardiovascular risk burden with risk of dementia and brain pathologies: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Song Ruixue , Pan Kuan‐Yu , Xu Hui , Qi Xiuying , Buchman Aron S. , Bennett David A. , Xu Weili 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe impact of cardiovascular risk burden on brain pathologies remains unclear. We aimed to examine the association of the Framingham General Cardiovascular Risk Score (FGCRS) with dementia risk, and brain pathologies.MethodsWithin the Rush Memory and Aging Project, 1588 dementia‐free participants were assessed on FGCRS at baseline and followed up to 21 years. During the follow‐up, 621 participants died and underwent autopsies.ResultsThe multi‐adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of FGCRS were 1.03 (1.00–1.07) for dementia and 1.04 (1.01–1.07) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. Further, a higher FGCRS was associated with higher gross chronic cerebral infarctions (odds ratio [OR] 1.08, 95% CI 1.02–1.14), cerebral atherosclerosis (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.03–1.17), and global AD pathology (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.12).ConclusionsA higher FGCRS is associated with an increased risk of dementia and AD dementia. Both vascular and AD pathologies in the brain may underlie this association.
A Wireframe DNA Cube: Antibody Conjugate for Targeted Delivery of Multiple Copies of Monomethyl Auristatin E
Authors: Märcher Anders , Nijenhuis Minke A. D. , Gothelf Kurt V. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn recent years, several antibody drug conjugates (ADC) have been accepted by the FDA as therapeutics against cancer. It is well‐known that control of drug‐to‐antibody ratio (DAR) is vital for the success of an ADC, which inspires the advancement of better and simpler methods for tight control of DAR. We present the development of an antibody DNA wireframe cube conjugate for precise control of DAR. The DNA wireframe cube consists of four single strands, which when folded present eight single stranded domains. One domain is bound to a monofunctionalized antibody DNA conjugate, and the seven others are attached to DNA functionalized with the potent tubulin inhibitor MMAE, thereby preparing an ADC with a DAR of precisely seven. The formation of the ADC is investigated by gel electrophoresis and atomic force microscopy. Lastly, the developed MMAE loaded ADC was used for targeted drug delivery in vitro.