bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring of polymer type and plastic additives in coating film of beer cans from 16 countries
Authors: Nurlatifah  , Nakata Haruhiko 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPlastic debris has gained attention as anthropogenic waste in the environment, but less concerned given to metal waste despite its high abundance in aquatic environment. Metal packaging, such as can, utilizes polymeric coating films as barrier between metals and products which leads to be potential source of microplastic pollution. In this study, 27 beer cans from 16 countries for both body and lid parts as well as inside and outside layers were investigated. Despite the country’s origin, epoxy resin was the major polymeric coating used in all beer cans for lid (inside and outside) and body (inside). Whereas poly(1,2-butanediol isophthalate) was frequently used for outside layer of can body. DEHP and BHT were detected in almost all samples with the highest concentration of 5300 ng/g and 520 ng/g. Despite its lower detection frequency, DOA was detected as high as 9600 ng/g in Belgian beer can. There was no apparent relationship present between the home countries of beer cans and amount of additives used. Despite of being broken down, additives concentration in one environmental sample was found to be one to two orders of magnitude higher compared to the new can. This result proved that adsorption of chemical additives took place in the environment and degraded metal debris may become source of microplastic with higher risk of additives pollution in the environment.
Clinical evaluation of non-contact infrared thermometers
Authors: Sullivan Stacey J. L. , Rinaldi Jean E. , Hariharan Prasanna , Casamento Jon P. , Baek Seungchul , Seay Nathanael , Vesnovsky Oleg , Topoleski L. D. Timmie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNon-contact infrared thermometers (NCITs) are being widely used during the COVID-19 pandemic as a temperature-measurement tool for screening and isolating patients in healthcare settings, travelers at ports of entry, and the general public. To understand the accuracy of NCITs, a clinical study was conducted with 1113 adult subjects using six different commercially available NCIT models. A total of 60 NCITs were tested with 10 units for each model. The NCIT-measured temperature was compared with the oral temperature obtained using a reference oral thermometer. The mean difference between the reference thermometer and NCIT measurement (clinical bias) was different for each NCIT model. The clinical bias ranged from just under − 0.9 °C (under-reporting) to just over 0.2 °C (over-reporting). The individual differences ranged from − 3 to + 2 °C in extreme cases, with the majority of the differences between − 2 and + 1 °C. Depending upon the NCIT model, 48% to 88% of the individual temperature measurements were outside the labeled accuracy stated by the manufacturers. The sensitivity of the NCIT models for detecting subject’s temperature above 38 °C ranged from 0 to 0.69. Overall, our results indicate that some NCIT devices may not be consistently accurate enough to determine if subject’s temperature exceeds a specific threshold of 38 °C. Model-to-model variability and individual model accuracy in the displayed temperature were found to be outside of acceptable limits. Accuracy and credibility of the NCITs should be thoroughly evaluated before using them as an effective screening tool.
Universal kinetics of imperfect reactions in confinement
Authors: Guérin Thomas , Dolgushev Maxim , Bénichou Olivier , Voituriez Raphaël 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChemical reactions generically require that particles come into contact. In practice, reaction is often imperfect and can necessitate multiple random encounters between reactants. In confined geometries, despite notable recent advances, there is to date no general analytical treatment of such imperfect transport-limited reaction kinetics. Here, we determine the kinetics of imperfect reactions in confining domains for any diffusive or anomalously diffusive Markovian transport process, and for different models of imperfect reactivity. We show that the full distribution of reaction times is obtained in the large confining volume limit from the knowledge of the mean reaction time only, which we determine explicitly. This distribution for imperfect reactions is found to be identical to that of perfect reactions upon an appropriate rescaling of parameters, which highlights the robustness of our results. Strikingly, this holds true even in the regime of low reactivity where the mean reaction time is independent of the transport process, and can lead to large fluctuations of the reaction time - even in simple reaction schemes. We illustrate our results for normal diffusion in domains of generic shape, and for anomalous diffusion in complex environments, where our predictions are confirmed by numerical simulations.
Combined experimental-theoretical study of electron mobility-limiting mechanisms in SrSnO3
Authors: Truttmann Tristan K. , Zhou Jin-Jian , Lu I-Te , Rajapitamahuni Anil Kumar , Liu Fengdeng , Mates Thomas E. , Bernardi Marco , Jalan Bharat 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe discovery and development of ultra-wide bandgap (UWBG) semiconductors is crucial to accelerate the adoption of renewable power sources. This necessitates an UWBG semiconductor that exhibits robust doping with high carrier mobility over a wide range of carrier concentrations. Here we demonstrate that epitaxial thin films of the perovskite oxide NdxSr1−xSnO3 (SSO) do exactly this. Nd is used as a donor to successfully modulate the carrier concentration over nearly two orders of magnitude, from 3.7 × 1018 cm−3 to 2.0 × 1020 cm−3. Despite being grown on lattice-mismatched substrates and thus having relatively high structural disorder, SSO films exhibited the highest room-temperature mobility, ~70 cm2 V−1 s−1, among all known UWBG semiconductors in the range of carrier concentrations studied. The phonon-limited mobility is calculated from first principles and supplemented with a model to treat ionized impurity and Kondo scattering. This produces excellent agreement with experiment over a wide range of temperatures and carrier concentrations, and predicts the room-temperature phonon-limited mobility to be 76–99 cm2 V−1 s−1 depending on carrier concentration. This work establishes a perovskite oxide as an emerging UWBG semiconductor candidate with potential for applications in power electronics.
Low pilot overhead channel estimation for CP‐OFDM‐based massive MIMO OTFS system
Authors: Li Tong , Han Chuang , Yao Rugui , Fan Ye , Zuo Xiaoya 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn high‐speed mobile scenarios, due to the high‐speed relative motion between transmitter and receiver, the high Doppler frequency shift interferes with the inter‐subcarrier orthogonality in orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Therefore its performance is significantly degraded. Recently, orthogonal time–frequency space (OTFS) is considered as an effective alternative scheme to OFDM for time‐varying channels. As with OFDM‐massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems, downlink channel estimation is necessary for OTFS‐massive MIMO systems to improve the spectral efficiency in frequency‐division duplex (FDD) mode without channel reciprocity. Here, first the cyclic prefix ‐OFDM‐based massive MIMO OTFS system channel with antenna directivity pattern is analyzed, and transform the burst sparsity in the angle domain into block sparsity by using non‐uniform Fourier transform (NUFT). Furthermore, to solve the problem that the pilot overhead grows linearly with the number of antennas, we propose a three‐dimensional (3D) dynamic support detect (DSD) algorithm. Compared with the traditional OMP algorithm, and the 3D‐structured orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm, simulation results demonstrate the proposed DSD algorithm has higher channel estimation accuracy, and lower pilot overhead.
Locally and globally optimal solutions of global optimisation for max‐plus linear systems
Authors: Wang Cailu , Tao Yuegang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper considers the locally and globally optimal solutions of the global optimisation problem whose objective function is a max‐plus vector‐valued function and constraint function is a real affine function. The formulas about global optimisation in the existing work are further explained and simplified. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of locally optimal solutions of a single objective are established, which are then used to deduce these of globally optimal solutions. Furthermore, the general formulas of locally and globally optimal solutions are presented, respectively. The local optimisation is then applied to solve the load distribution problem of distributed systems with no globally optimal solution, and the optimal allocation scheme is proposed to complete the overall task at the earliest time. The proposed method is constructive, and the obtained results are illustrated by the numerical examples.
Load component decomposition and online modelling based on small disturbance response characteristic matching
Authors: Zeng Yuan , Meng Dezhuang , Liu Bo , Hu Xinyuan , Luan Wenpeng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAccurate load model significantly influences the numerical simulations of power system. The load model obtained by the component‐based method does not adequately reflect the load time‐varying characteristics, and the measurement‐based method relies on fault data, but system faults rarely occur. Inspired by the theory of non‐intrusive load monitoring, the load component decomposition and online modelling method based on the small disturbance response characteristic matching is proposed. An optimization model for the load component decomposition based on the curve fitting of small disturbance response characteristics is established. The construction method of a typical load model library is given and a neural network‐based solution is designed. The proposed method can determine the load components that constitute the synthesis load model and their proportions by only analysing the small disturbance real‐time measurement data. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, the distribution of the decomposition errors was analysed by the Monte Carlo simulation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the synthesis load model was verified by a fault simulation using the CEPRI 36‐node system. Experimental results show that the proposed method can provide accurate load compositions and dynamically update the synthesis load model for the online power system simulation, planning and operation.
Improving step‐up gain and efficiency in non‐inverting buck‐boost dc‐dc converter using quasi‐Z impedance network
Authors: Lahooti Eshkevari Alireza , Mosallanejad Ali , Sepasian Mohammadsadegh 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn conventional non‐inverting buck‐boost converters (BBC), step‐up conversion requires high duty cycles, unlike the step‐down conversion. This problem decreases the BBC efficiency in the step‐up mode. Here, an improved non‐inverting BBC is proposed, designed based on a quasi‐Z impedance network. In this topology, the step‐up conversion is done with a higher boost factor and lower duty cycles. By reducing the step‐up duty cycle, the efficiency has been increased. In this BBC, the voltage‐stress on power semiconductors is the same as the conventional type; however, the efficiency improves as power switches operate with lower duty cycles. This article presents the operating principle of the proposed topology in detail. This new topology is compared with previous topologies regarding efficiency, components, voltage, and current stresses on semiconductors, boost‐factor, and implementation cost. Sensitivity analysis results are shown to obtain the effect of the parasitic elements on the converter operation. Simulation and experimental results are also presented to evaluate the topology and its operation. Results confirm the proposed topology. This converter can be used in photovoltaic (PV) based systems like PV‐based electric vehicle (EV) charging systems.
Analyse der Internetauftritte zentraler Gesundheitsinstitutionen in
Deutschland
Authors: Caesar Jule , Holland-Letz Ida , Stöveken Janine , Zmatlik Magdalena 
Published: November 2021

Empfehlungen für Inhalt und Gestaltung von web-basierten Informationen
zur COVID-19-ImpfungFür den Erfolg der COVID-19-Impfstrategie ist eine hohe Impfbereitschaft der
Bevölkerung notwendig. Ergebnisse der „COVID-19
Impfquoten-Monitoring in Deutschland“ (COVIMO)-Studie des Robert
Koch-Instituts (RKI) zeigen jedoch auf, dass sich 20,6% der ungeimpften
Befragten „unentschlossen“ gegenüber COVID-19-Impfungen
äußerten und sich 24,3% der Befragten „auf keinen
Fall“ impfen lassen wollen (Stand August 2021) 1. Zur Suche nach Gesundheitsinformationen wird in Deutschland
häufig das Internet genutzt 2. Daher
haben die Internetauftritte zentraler Gesundheitsinstitutionen die wichtige
Funktion, zur Information der Bevölkerung hinsichtlich der
COVID-19-Impfungen beizutragen.
Postoperative Pain Management and Perceived Patient Outcomes following Endoscopic Pituitary Surgery
Authors: Hoke Austin T.K. , Malfitano Madison , Zanation Adam M. , Ebert Charles S. , Senior Brent A. , Kimple Adam J. , Thorp Brian D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectives Pain management remains a point of emphasis given the ongoing opioid crisis. There are no studies in the literature interrogating opioid prescribing and use following endoscopic pituitary surgery. This study investigates provider prescribing tendency, patient utilization of analgesics, and patient outcomes regarding pain management after endoscopic pituitary surgery.Methods We identified 100 patients undergoing endoscopic pituitary surgery at one institution from 2016 to 2018 in the electronic medical record (EMR) and state narcotic database to determine postoperative analgesic regimens. A telephone survey was used to characterize postoperative analgesic use and satisfaction with prescribed regimen.Results Fifty-two different pain control regimens were prescribed to the study patients. Also, 93% of study patients were prescribed an opioid postoperatively. The average quantity of opioids prescribed per patient in morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) was 625 (equivalent 83 oxycodone 5-mg tablets) with an average MME/day of 59 (equivalent 8 oxycodone 5-mg tablets). A total of 71% survey respondents who used opioids reported using <25% of their prescription. The majority of prescription narcotic users consumed >50% of their postoperative opioid intake in the first 24 to 48 hours after discharge. There were no significant differences in pain outcome between opioid users and nonopioid users.Conclusion Vast heterogeneity exists in narcotic prescribing by providers at our institution following endoscopic pituitary surgery. Narcotic prescribing patterns exceeded most patients' analgesic needs. Opioid analgesics were not superior to nonopioids regimens in patient-reported pain outcomes in this study population.
Malformação arteriovenosa incomum em artroplastia total do quadril: relato de caso de um perioperatório de curso complicado
Authors: Dahlgren Nicholas , Jacob Roshan , Cantrell Colin , Sowers Mackenzie , Shah Ashish B. , Naranje Sameer Mahadeorao 
Published: November 2021

ResumoNão é comum encontrar malformações arteriovenosas (MAV) durante a artroplastia total do quadril (ATQ). Relatamos o presente caso para chamar a atenção para a possibilidade de uma MAV durante a abordagem anterior direta (AAD) para ATQ, que se não for considerada, pode levar a uma miríade de complicações relacionadas ao sangramento excessivo. Uma mulher de 81 anos foi apresentada ao pronto-socorro com fratura no pescoço do fêmur esquerdo. Ela optou por se submeter a uma artroplastia total do quadril (ATQ) através da AAD. Vasos sanguíneos aparentemente anormais estavam presentes perto dos ramos circunflexos ascendentes, proporcionando dificuldade em alcançar hemostasia. A perda excessiva de sangue foi notada e a paciente recebeu uma unidade de glóbulos vermelhos embalados durante a operação. Hemoglobina e hematócrito caíram nos dias seguintes à cirurgia, exigindo várias transfusões adicionais de produtos sanguíneos. Quando a paciente reclamou de inchaço progressivo na perna esquerda no terceiro dia pós-operatório, a tomografia computadorizada revelou hematomas grandes dentro dos adutores esquerdos e do músculo iliopsoas esquerdo. A extravasão ativa foi identificada a partir de um ramo da artéria femoral esquerda, bem como de uma fístula arteriovenosa (FAV) nesta área. O sangramento foi controlado por embolização seletiva da bobina endovascular. A partir do conhecimento atual, esta é a primeira descoberta intraoperatória relatada de MAC congênita com desenvolvimento subsequente de FAV pós-operatória e hematomas sintomáticos associados no cenário de ATQ utilizando a AAD. O reconhecimento precoce e a intervenção de malformações vasculares são essenciais para prevenir possíveis complicações cirúrgicas de membros ou de risco de vida.
Cirurgia minimamente invasiva em chevron e osteotomia percutânea de Bosch no tratamento de hálux valgo. Resultados em médio prazo. Estudo radiológico comparativo*
Authors: Yañez Arauz Juan Manuel , Raimondi Nicolás , Eksarho Andrés , Lauritto Diego , Yañez Arauz Maria Eugenia , Yañez Arauz Juan Martin 
Published: November 2021

Resumo
Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo é comparar os resultados radiológicos da correção angular e sua manutenção no médio prazo entre duas técnicas minimamente invasivas para o tratamento de hálux valgo (cirurgia minimamente invasiva em chevron vs. técnica de Bosch).
Métodos Foi realizada uma análise prospectiva comparativa de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia para deformidade sintomática de hálux valgo. Comparamos duas técnicas minimamente invasivas em grupos homogêneos de população. Dois grupos de 62 e 63 pés, respectivamente, foram constituídos. Comparamos correções angulares de primeiro raio e consolidação, bem como o poder de correção tanto das osteotomias quanto de sua manutenção ao longo do tempo. As complicações pós-operatórias e o tempo cirúrgico em ambos os grupos de estudo também foram avaliados. O seguimento mínimo foi de 2 anos.
Resultados Houve diferenças entre ambos os grupos no ângulo intermetatarsal aos 24 meses após a cirurgia. Não houve diferenças entre ambos os grupos em relação ao ângulo metatarsofalângico e ao ângulo articular metatarso-distal. Não houve complicações intraoperatórias em nenhum dos grupos. O tempo cirúrgico entre ambos os grupos apresentou diferenças estatisticamente significativas.
Conclusões Sendo as duas técnicas estabilizadas por parafusos, tanto a osteotomia de Bosch quanto a cirurgia minimamente invasiva em chevron (híbrida quando associada à osteotomia percutânea de Akin) apresentam correção adequada de hálux valgo moderado. No entanto, os pacientes tratados com a osteotomia percutânea Bosch apresentaram maior poder de correção do ângulo intermetatarsal no médio prazo, bem como e menor tempo cirúrgico, em relação aos que foram tratados com osteotomia em chevron. Ambas as técnicas apresentaram evolução semelhante ao longo do tempo no que se refere à perda de correção e complicações pós-operatórias.
Outcomes of Tricuspid Valve Detachment for Isolated Ventricular Septal Defect Closure
Authors: Schittek John , Sachweh Jörg S. , Arndt Florian , Grafmann Maria , Hüners Ida , Kozlik-Feldmann Rainer , Biermann Daniel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPartial detachment of the septal and anterior leaflets of the tricuspid valve (TV) is a technique to visualize a perimembranous ventricular septal defect (VSD) for surgical closure in cases where the VSD is obscured by TV tissue. However, TV incision bears the risk of causing relevant postoperative TV regurgitation and higher degree atrioventricular (AV) block. A total of 40 patients were identified retrospectively in our institution who underwent isolated VSD closure between January 2013 and August 2015. Visualization of the VSD was achieved in 20 patients without and in 20 patients with additional partial detachment of the TV. The mean age of patients with partial tricuspid valve detachment (TVD) was 0.7 ± 0.1 years compared with 1 ± 0.3 years (p = 0.22) of patients without TVD. There was no difference in cardiopulmonary bypass time between patients of both groups (123 ± 11 vs. 103 ± 5 minutes, p = 0.1). Cross-clamp time was longer if the TV was detached (69 ± 5 vs. 54 ± 4 minutes, p = 0.023). There was no perioperative mortality. Echocardiography at discharge and after 2.5 years (2 months–6 years) of follow-up showed neither a postoperative increase of tricuspid regurgitation nor any relevant residual shunt. Postoperative electrocardiograms were normal without any sign of higher degree AV block. TVD offers enhanced exposure and safe treatment of VSDs. It did not result in higher rates of TV regurgitation or relevant AV block compared with the control group.
Synthesis of Indole/Benzofuran-Containing Diarylmethanes through Palladium-Catalyzed Reaction of Indolylmethyl or Benzofuranylmethyl Acetates with Boronic Acids
Authors: Goggiamani Antonella , Iazzetti Antonia , Arcadi Antonio , Calcaterra Andrea , Chiarini Marco , Fabrizi Giancarlo , Fochetti Andrea , Marrone Federico , Marsicano Vincenzo , Serraiocco Andrea 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe palladium-catalyzed synthesis of indole/benzofuran-containing diarylmethanes starting from indolylmethyl or benzofuranylmethyl acetates with boronic acids has been investigated. The success of the reaction is influenced by the choice of precatalyst: with indolylmethyl acetates the reaction works well with [Pd(η3-C3H5)Cl]2/XPhos while with benzofuranylmethyl acetates Pd2(dba)3/XPhos is more efficient. The good to high yields and the simplicity of the experimental procedure make this protocol a versatile synthetic tool for the preparation of 2- and 3-substituted indoles and 2-benzo[b]furans. The methodology can be advantageously extended to the preparation of a key precursor of Zafirlukast.
18.16.20 Other Tetraheterosubstituted Methanes (Update 2014)
Authors: Kantlehner W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 18.16) describing methods for the preparation of tetraheterosubstituted methanes. Tetraalkyl orthocarbonates have turned out to be useful starting compounds for the preparation of low-shrinking polymeric compounds. In addition, new compound types such as tetraazidomethane or tetrakis(oligonitroalkyl) orthocarbonates are reported, some of which have been prepared for the first time.
1.3.1 Enyne-Metathesis-Based Domino Reactions in Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Lee D. , O'Connor M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEnyne-metathesis-based domino processes are highlighted in the context of natural product synthesis; these include domino double ring-closing metathesis, enyne metathesis/metallotropic [1,3]-shifts, enyne metathesis/Diels–Alder reaction, and other variations of their domino combinations. Issues regarding selectivity and mechanism are also discussed.