bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Optative Indicative? A Real Factual Past? Toward A Cognitive-Typological Approach to the Precative Qatal
Authors: Andrason Alexander 
Published: May 2021

This article approaches the problem of the precative qatal in Biblical Hebrew from a cognitive and typological perspective. In keeping with the cognitive understanding of “meaning,” the article (re-)construes a plausible chaining procedure that relates the precative qatal to the prevailing indicative (perfect, perfective and past) domain of the gram. This chaining represents a typologically plausible scenario for rationalizing, on both conceptual and diachronic levels, the “spread” that can be observed from the central point of the network (the Proto-Semitic resultative proper sense) to the different values available in Biblical Hebrew. In this way, the article relates the two, superficially contradictory, semantic spheres (i.e., the perfect-perfective-past indicative and the precative), and advances a holistic-synchronic definition of the total semantic potential of the gram.
ÁNGEL S. PORTO UCHA y RAQUEL VÁZQUEZ RAMIL. En el centenario del Instituto-Escuela. Obra educativa de los institucionistas.
Authors: Malheiro Gutiérrez Xosé M. 
Published: May 2021

Review of the book by ÁNGEL S. PORTO UCHA y RAQUEL VÁZQUEZ RAMIL. En el centenario del Instituto-Escuela. Obra educativa de los institucionistas. Soria: CEASGA-Publishing, 2019, 245 páginas. ISBN: 978-84-949321-5-1
Glycemic Index of Selected Indian Rice Varieties
Authors: Azam M. Mohibbe , Jahan Afifa , Maheshwari K. Uma , Ram T. , Waris Amtul 
Published: May 2021

Aims: For prevention and management of type II diabetes among rice eating population, consumption of rice with lower Glycemic Index (GI) is highly desirable as low GI food decreases plasma glucose levels and plasma insulin demand. As there is paucity of information on the GIs of commonly consumed rice varieties in India, the aim of this study was to determine GI of selected five rice varieties, and to find relationship of GI with their cooking and eating quality traits.
Study Design, Place and Duration: In vivo experiment was conducted at PG&RC, PJTS Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India, during March, 2017 to February, 2018. During this period, cooking and eating quality traits of selected rice varieties were determined in ICAR- Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India.
Methodology: GIs were determined by feeding10 fasted human subjects a fixed portion of foods and subsequently measuring plasma glucose of their blood samples at specific interval of time and GIs were calculated using standard formula. Cooking and eating quality traits were determined using standard procedure.
Results: The estimated GI values were 56.38(SEM 1.57), 59.23(SEM 1.02), 71.73 (SEM 1.75), 87.40 (SEM 1.90), and 94.05 (SEM 1.21), respectively for Sampada, Dhanrasi, DRR Dhan 42, DRR Dhan 43, and Jarava. Alkali spreading value (ASV), Gel consistency (GC), and Water uptake (WU) values of these five varieties ranged from 4 to 6, 22 mm to 54.5 mm, and 80 ml/ 100 g to 255 ml/100 g, respectively.
Conclusion: Two varieties were identified with moderate GI values (Sampada, 56.38 ± 1.57; Dhanrasi, 59.23± 1.02). These varieties can prove to be a healthier option to incorporate in nutritional therapeutic diet. It is also concluded that lower ASV, higher GC, and lower WU, are good predictors for lower GIs of rice varieties. These relationships may be used for screening of low GI rice cultivars in breeding programme.
Microbial Status and Multidrug Resistance Pattern of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Street Food in Dhaka City, Bangladesh
Authors: Banik Avijit , Abony Maruf , Datta Suvamoy , Towhid Syeda Tasneem 
Published: May 2021

Aims: This study aims to evaluate the microbiological safety in street foods available in Dhaka city, Bangladesh.
Study Design: Seven categories of street foods were collected aseptically in triplicates from 10 locations of the most populous areas of Dhaka city, transported to the microbiology laboratory of Center of Excellence, Primeasia University, Dhaka. The samples were analyzed for microbiological quality.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Dhaka city, Bangladesh, between November 2015 to March 2017. The microbiological analysis was done at the microbiology laboratory of the Center for Excellence Laboratory (CEL), Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh.
Methodology: Ninety street food samples belonging to 7 different categories were collected aseptically from ten different places in Dhaka. All samples were tested according to the standard food analysis methods. Total viable count (TVC), total coliform count (TCC), total Salmonella-Shigella count (TSSC) and total S. aureus count (TSAC) were estimated by using Plate Count agar (PCA), MacConkey agar, Salmonella-Shigella agar and Mannitol Salt agar plates respectively. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar was used to determine the sensitivity of the isolated strains to commonly prescribed antibiotics.
Results: Fried Aubergine, sugarcane juice, potato balls, peanut, rice cake, sweetened coconut, local salty snacks nimki and chanachur, sesame cookies revealed high total viable count (1011 CFU/gm or /mL) and high total coliform count (109 CFU/g or /mL). Some street foods were found to contain potential pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Vibrio spp. and Campylobacter spp. Some of the isolates of E. coli, S. aureus and Salmonella isolates were found to be resistant against azithromycin (15 µg), sulphomethoxazole (25 μg), penicillin (10 µg), nalidixic acid (30 µg), vancomycin (30 µg) and tetracycline (30 μg).
Conclusion: This study reveals the presence of pathogenic bacteria in street foods of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Hence, there is a necessity for strict surveillance on microbial safety of street foods. There should be public engagement projects for.public awareness against consumption of low-quality and unhygienic street foods of Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Differential effects ofN‐methyl‐d‐aspartate on Ca2+homeostasis in developing and adult rat striatum:in vivomicrodialysis approach
Authors: Łazarewicz Jerzy W. , Puka‐Sundvall Małgorzata , Gadamski Roman , Sandberg Mats , Hagberg Henrik 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThisin vivostudy concerns developmental differences in the sensitivity of striatal neurons toN‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA). Changes in calcium homeostatis in adult vs immature rats at postnatal days 8–10, evoked by NMDA, were evaluated by measurements of45Ca efflux and of Ca2+taurine and phosphoethanolamine concentrations in striatal microdialysates. The efflux of [14C]sucrose was employed in order to measure changes in extracellular space volume. In adult rats the addition of 5 mM NMDA for 20 min to the perfusion medium resulted in a 30–40% increase in45Ca efflux, and in a 15% increase in [14C]sucrose efflux. Ten minutes after NMDA perfusion,45Ca and [14C]sucrose efflux returned to the baseline. No significant changes in Ca2+or amino acid concentrations were observed in the dialysate of the adult rat striatum. NMDA perfusion in the striatum of immature rats initially induced a transient (5 min) increase in the efflux of45Ca (by 13%) and [14C]sucrose (by 9%). This was followed by a prolonged (lasting 45–50 min) 45% decrease in45Ca efflux, an 80% reduction of Ca2+concentration, and increases in taurine and phosphoethanolamine concentrations in the dialysate, whereas [14C]sucrose efflux recovered within 10 min.These data illustrate differences in the NMDA response between developing and adult rat striatum. Only in developing rats did NMDA induce a large and prolonged influx of extracellular calcium to neurons that may explain the enhanced NMDA neurotoxicity in immature rats.
Trends in suicide in the elderly in Asturias (Spain)
Authors: Díaz-Suárez J , Lopez Garcia B , Gonzalez-G-Portilla P , Garcia M Bousoño , Fonseca R Hinojal , Garcia J Bobes 
Published: July 2002

SummaryData from elderly suicides was obtained from two previous studies of community suicides in two localities of Northern Spain, namely, Oviedo between 1983 and 1990, and Gijón between 1975 and 1986. Data from the two localities were obtained by the revision of court register cases. A retrospective study on elderly suicide (over 60 years of age) was carried out. Mean annual specific rates for the elderly in Oviedo for 1982–1991 were 37.7 (58.1 for men and 23.3 for women) and for those in Gijón for the period 1975–1986, 23.4 (40 for men and 11.5 for women). A marked increase was seen in the rates for Gijón from the first (1975–1978) to the last period (1983–1986). This was particularly marked in men. The greatest increase in the rate was seen in men over 75 from Gijón and in those between 1970–1974 from Oviedo. In contrast a decrease was seen in the 65–69 age group rates for both men and women. A tendency for the rates to increase was seen but no important increase for elderly suicides was evident.
Decreasing the need for abortion: challenges and constraints
Authors: Benagiano G. , Pera A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractVoluntary abortion is the most controversial act in the entire field of medical practice, although today, it is a practice that, under different conditions, has been legalized in more than 100 countries, mostly in the developed world. The United Nations has agreed that in no case should abortion be promoted as a method of family planning and, therefore, it should be utilized only when contraception has failed. Overall, 61% of humanity lives in countries where abortion is legal and widely available; 14% in countries where termination is allowed to protect a woman's health; physical, mental, or both; 21% in countries where it can be performed only to save the mother's life and 4% in countries where abortion is not permitted at all. Restrictive legislation, per se, does not represent a valid deterrent to prevent abortion, while it may contribute to an increase in morbidity and mortality associated with pregnancy. In addition, because abortion is outlawed, nothing is done to actively reduce the reasons leading to it. Indeed, the countries with the lowest abortion rates are those where, on the one hand, pregnancy termination is legal and, on the other, sex education and contraceptive knowledge are widely spread.
The prognosis of fetuses with a shortened femur and humerus length before 20 weeks of gestation
Authors: Fukada Y , Yasumizu T , Takizawa M , Amemiya A , Hoshi K 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognosis of fetuses with a shortened femur and humerus length detected at earlier than 20 weeks of gestation. Methods: The study population consisted of 549 Japanese pregnant women. The prognosis of the shortened femur and humerus length fetuses was evaluated and the predictivity of the shortened femur and humerus length for chromosomal abnormalities and structural malformations was also calculated. Results: All seven shortened femur and humerus length fetuses had some kind of structural malformations and three fetuses also had chromosomal abnormalities. The detection rate, positive predictive value and false positive rate for structural malformations were 17.9%, 100% and 0%, respectively. The positive predictive value for chromosomal abnormalities was 43%. Conclusion: The shortened femur and humerus length fetuses in Japanese women demonstrated an increased risk of structural malformations, especially in the cardiovascular system, as well as chromosomal abnormalities.
Process design in a down‐sizing service operation
Authors: Simons Jacob V. , Wicker Christopher J. , Garrity Michael K. , Kraus Mark E. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe initiated this research to help managers of an Army Central Issue Facility (CIF) plan for the possibility of staff reductions. The CIF is a retail warehouse that issues tactical clothing and equipment to soldiers. Management wanted to know what the impact of down‐sizing would be on its customer service, measured as average time‐in‐system (T‐I‐S). In addition, management wanted to know how best to allocate its workers at each possible staffing level. A simulation study showed that customer batch size had a greater effect on average T‐I‐S than did server allocation. New managers at the CIF used insights gained from this study to make process changes beyond the scope of the original research. The result was an increase in both throughput and customer service. The quantitative and qualitative dimensions of the research combined to produce a rich variety of implications concerning process design, the application of capacity allocation and batching ideas to a service system, and considerations for down‐sizing operations.
Deafferentation of the septo‐hippocampal pathway in rats as a model of the metabolic events in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Krügel Ute , Bigl Volker , Eschrich Klaus , Bigl Marina 
Published: July 2002

AbstractChanges in the metabolic activity within the brain of patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD) were investigated and compared with biochemical alterations in the hippocampus induced by fimbria/fornix transection in the rat. The deafferentation of the hippocampus results in a degeneration of cholinergic septo‐hippocampal terminals accompanied by a persistent decrease of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activities similar to the cholinergic malfunction in AD. In the animal model the [3H]‐cytochalasin B binding to the glucose transporters was elevated up to the day 7 after surgery as was the activity of the phosphofructokinase (PFK) on day 3. A reactive astrogliosis could be evidenced by the upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). An increase of the PFK activity was also found in AD being accompanied by enhanced level of GFAP as well. A higher concentration of mRNA for all three isoenzymes of PFK was shown by reverse transcription (RT)‐real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. However, the pattern of PFK isoenzyme proteins and mRNAs did neither change in diseased human nor in the lesioned rat brain. The activities of the mitochondrial enzymes pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) and cytochrome c oxidase (CO) were diminished in the lesioned rat hippocampus on day 7 as well as in AD brain. Subcellular fractionation showed that the activity of these enzymes was affected in the synaptosomal as well as in the extrasynaptosomal mitochondria indicating a loss of neuronal input and also a vulnerability of intrinsic hippocampal neurons and/or non‐neuronal cells. The recovery of the mitochondrial enzyme activity in the animal model at later post lesion intervals may be the result of compensatory responses of surviving cells or of sprouting of other non‐affected inputs. It is concluded that common metabolic mechanisms may underlie the concurrent degenerative and repair processes in the denervated hippocampus and the diseased Alzheimer brain.
Role of dopamine in non-depressed patients with a history of suicide attempts
Authors: Pitchot W. , Hansenne M. , Ansseau M. 
Published: July 2002

SummarySeveral data are available about the implication of the dopaminergic system in the control of inward-directed aggression. Previously, we suggested an involvement of D2-dopaminergic function in the expression of suicidal behavior by demonstrating a smaller growth hormone (GH) response to apomorphine, a dopaminergic agonist, in depressed patients with a history of suicide attempts in comparison to non-attempters. In the present study, in order to test this hypothesis, GH responses to intravenous apomorphine were measured in non-depressed patients with a history of suicide attempts. The study was performed in 17 non-depressed male patients with a score less than 12 on the 17-item HAMD. The patients were subgrouped into suicide attempters (N = 7) and non-attempters (N = 10). Mean GH peak responses to apomorphine differed significantly between suicide attempters and non-attempters: (mean ± SD) for GH peak, 10.4 ± 8.2 ng/mL vs 27.3 ± 13.1 ng/ml, F = 9.0, P = 0.009. In conclusion, dopaminergic disturbances seem to play a role in the biology of inward-directed aggression in non-depressed patients.
Impact of Traditional Birth Attendant Training in Mozambique: A Controlled Study
Authors: Gloyd Stephen , Floriano Florencia , Midwife Maria Seunda , Chadreque Maria Ana , Nyangezi Jules Mihigo , Platas Angelina 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTThis study was designed to assess the utility and impact on perinatal mortality of a model traditional birth attendant (TBA) training program in rural Mozambique by comparing birth attendance and outcomes in similar communities with and without trained TBAs. Birth attendants and pregnancy outcomes were compared in 1) communities with good access to trained TBAs, 2) randomly selected, comparable communities with no access to trained TBAs, and 3) communities with good access to functioning maternities. Information was collected by interviews with women in randomly selected households. A total of 4,169 women were interviewed who reported on 3,616 completed pregnancies, which resulted in a birth or fetal death. Among women with good access to trained TBAs, 33% reported giving birth attended by a trained TBA, 43% reported giving birth at a health facility, and 24% reported giving birth attended by an untrained person. Among women without access to trained TBAs, 58% reported giving birth at health facilities, and 42% reported attendance by untrained persons. Among women with access to functioning maternity centers, 77% reported giving birth at a health facility and 22% said their birth was attended by an untrained person. There was no significant difference in perinatal or infant mortality among the groups. This study demonstrated a preference for health facility deliveries among rural Mozambican women with good access to trained TBAs. It also failed to demonstrate a reduction in perinatal or infant mortality associated with TBA training. Women said they preferred to deliver in health facilities because conditions were considered better and interventions could be performed if needed. The preference for health facility birth over home birth with a TBA may have been related to difficulties with TBA neighbors and their families or fear of potential witchcraft. Efforts to promote TBA training should be balanced with support for birthing services based in health facilities.
Childhood cancer mortality trends in the Americas and Australasia: An update to 2017
Authors: Malvezzi Matteo , Santucci Claudia , Alicandro Gianfranco , Carioli Greta , Boffetta Paolo , Ribeiro Karina Braga , Levi Fabio , La Vecchia Carlo , Negri Eva , Bertuccio Paola 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundMarked reductions in childhood cancer mortality occurred over the last decades in high‐income countries and, to a lesser degree, in middle‐income countries. This study aimed to monitor mortality trends in the Americas and Australasia, focusing on areas showing unsatisfactory trends.MethodsAge‐standardized mortality rates per 100,000 children (aged 0‐14 years) from 1990 to 2017 (or the last available calendar year) were computed for all neoplasms and 8 leading childhood cancers in countries from the Americas and Australasia, using data from the World Health Organization database. A joinpoint regression was used to identify changes in slope of mortality trends for all neoplasms, leukemia, and neoplasms of the central nervous system (CNS) for major countries.ResultsOver the last decades, childhood cancer mortality continued to decrease by approximately 2% to 3% per year in Australasian countries (ie, Japan, Korea, and Australia), by approximately 1.5% to 2% in North America and Chile, and 1% in Argentina. Other Latin American countries did not show any substantial decrease. Leukemia mortality declined in most countries, whereas less favorable trends were registered for CNS neoplasms, particularly in Latin America. Around 2016, death rates from all neoplasms were 4 to 6 per 100,000 boys and 3 to 4 per 100,000 girls in Latin America, and 2 to 3 per 100,000 boys and approximately 2 per 100,000 girls in North America and Australasia.ConclusionsChildhood cancer mortality trends declined steadily in North America and Australasia, whereas they were less favorable in most Latin American countries. Priority must be given to closing the gap by providing high‐quality care for all children with cancer worldwide.Lay Summary

Advances in childhood cancer management have substantially improved the burden of these neoplasms over the past 40 years, particularly in high‐income countries.

This study aimed to monitor recent trends in America and Australasia using mortality data from the World Health Organization.

Trends in childhood cancer mortality continued to decline in high‐income countries by approximately 2% to 3% per year in Japan, Korea, and Australia, and 1% to 2% in North America.

Only a few Latin American countries showed favorable trends, including Argentina, Chile, and Mexico, whereas other countries with limited resources still lagged behind.
Micromotion analysis of immediately loaded implants with Titanium and Cobalt‐Chrome superstructures. 3D finite element analysis
Authors: Tobar‐Reyes Julio , Andueza‐Castro Luis , Jiménez‐Silva Antonio , Bustamante‐Plaza Roger , Carvajal‐Herrera Juan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of micromotion of dental implants under immediate loading supported by Titanium (Ti) and Cobalt‐Chrome (Co‐Cr) superstructures.Material and methodsA model of tridimensional half‐edentulous maxilla with three dental implants was made using the Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Two standard and one zygomatic implants were connected to a superstructure with an elliptic section of 6x 3 mm (mm). Two study models were established. Model A: Titanium (Ti) alloy superstructure; Model B: Cobalt‐Chrome (Co‐Cr) alloy superstructure. To simulate an immediate‐loading situation, a friction coefficient of 0.71 was applied between the implant and the bone surface. An axial load of 252.04 [N] was applied on standard and zygomatic implants.ResultsThe Micromotion of dental implants was similar in both superstructure situations. The amount of micromotion was slightly higher in B1 and B3 models (Co‐Cr alloy‐superstructure) compared with A1 and A3 models (Titanium alloy superstructure). The micromotion values in two groups were greater than 150 μm in the incisive region (standard implant) and molar region (zygomatic). In general, the micromotion was higher on the implant that received the load with respect to the other implants. The greater difference was observed when the load was applied on the standard implant A1 (Model A1 = 189.12 μm) compared with standard implant B1(Model B1 = 263.25 μm).ConclusionsWithin the limits of present study, all implants on different load application points showed micromotion; in general, the amount of micromotion was slightly higher in the implants connected with Co‐Cr alloy superstructure.