bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical implications of using both fluoropyrimidine and paclitaxel in patients with severe peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer: A post hoc study of JCOG1108/WJOG7312G
Authors: Arai Hiroyuki , Inoue Eisuke , Yamaguchi Kensei , Boku Narikazu , Hara Hiroki , Nishina Tomohiro , Tsuda Masahiro , Shitara Kohei , Shinozaki Katsunori , Nakamura Shinichiro , Hyodo Ichinosuke , Muro Kei , Sasako Mitsuru , Terashima Masanori , Nakajima Takako E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn the JCOG1108/WJOG7312G trial, a combination (FLTAX) of 5‐fluorouracil (FU) /leucovorin (FL) and paclitaxel (PTX) did not show superiority in overall survival (OS) to FL in untreated patients with severe peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer (GC‐SPM), some of whom received second‐line chemotherapy with PTX after FL. This post hoc study aimed to investigate the clinical implications of using both FU and PTX either sequentially or in combination for patients with GC‐SPM.MethodsA total of 94 patients were enrolled and categorized into the following three subgroups: patients treated with (1) FL followed by PTX (FL/PTX, N = 25), (2) FL followed by best supportive care (BSC) (FL/BSC, N = 21), and (3) FLTAX (N = 48). OS was compared between the subgroups. By comparing baseline factors between the FL/PTX and FL/BSC subgroups, factors preventing the sequential use of PTX (SUP) were explored using logistic regression model. The efficacy of FL and FLTAX was compared according to the presence of risk factors preventing SUP.ResultsThe FL/PTX subgroup showed better and equivalent OS compared to the FL/BSC (median 7.8 vs. 2.0 months, p < 0.01) and FLTAX (median 7.8 vs. 8.0, p = 0.49) subgroups, respectively. Glasgow Prognostic Score 2 and initially unresectable disease were identified as risk factors preventing SUP. Absence of both risks predicted SUP with a sensitivity of 13% and a specificity of 100%, whereas absence of any risks predicted SUP with a sensitivity of 67% and a specificity of 62%. FLTAX showed better OS than FL in patients with one or two of these risks but worse OS in those with none.ConclusionsAlthough sequential use of FU and PTX showed equivalent survival to FLTAX in patients with GC‐SPM, FLTAX might be preferable given the difficulty in selecting patients likely to receive sequential use at the initiation of first‐line chemotherapy.
Ixazomib‐based maintenance therapy after bortezomib‐based induction in patients with multiple myeloma not undergoing transplantation: A real‐world study
Authors: Shen Man , Zhang Jiajia , Tang Ran , Wang Yuhao , Zhan Xiaokai , Fan Sibin , Huang Zhongxia , Zhong Yuping , Li Xin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundMaintenance therapy with proteasome inhibitors (PIs) can improve outcomes of multiple myeloma (MM) patients, however, the neurotoxicity and parenteral route of bortezomib limit its long‐term use. An efficacious, tolerable, and convenient PI option is needed.MethodsIn this single‐center, real‐world study, we retrospectively analyzed the outcome and safety profile of ixazomib‐based maintenance therapy in patients who plateaued with the responses of steady disease or better after bortezomib‐based induction therapy in MM patients not undergoing transplantation.ResultsOf all the 71 patients, 37 cases (52.1%) were newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) and 34 cases (47.9%) were relapsed and/or refractory MM (RRMM). The overall response rate (ORR) was 81.7%, including 34 patients (47.9%) with a very good response rate or better (≥VGPR) after a median of nine cycles (6–14) of bortezomib‐based induction therapy. Then the ORR was transformed to 74.6% including 39 patients of ≥VGPR (54.9%) after a median of six courses (2–25) of ixazomib‐based maintenance therapy. Of these, 18 patients (25.4%) exhibited responses deepened. With 26.5 months median follow‐up, median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 28.4 and 16.5 months from the start of bortezomib and 16.2 and 10.0 months from the initiation of ixazomib in NDMM and RRMM group, respectively. Moreover, responses deepened during the maintenance phase (hazard ratio: 0.270, p = 0.007), and responses of ≥VGPR during the induction phase (hazard ratio: 0.218, p < 0.001) were confirmed to independently predict longer PFS after multivariate analyses. Severe adverse events (grade 3/4) were relatively rare. Bortezomib‐emergent peripheral neuritis (PN) was significantly relived after the transition to ixazomib (p < 0.001).ConclusionThis real‐world analysis has demonstrated oral ixazomib is a favorable option of long‐term administration for maintenance with efficacy and feasibility and confirmed the association between deepening responses with ixazomib and prolonged PFS.
Anti‐Food Allergic Alkaloids from the Lotus Seed Pot
Authors: Cao Tuan‐Wu , Xie Chun‐Lan , Chen Chao‐Qun , He Zhi‐Hui , Yan Qing‐Xiang , Xu Gang , Yang Xian‐Wen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLotus seed pod (LSP) has been used as traditional herbal cuisine to modulate immunity. From the AcOEt‐soluble extract of LSP, one new aporphine alkaloid, N‐[2‐(2H‐phenanthro[3,4‐d][1,3]dioxol‐5‐yl)ethyl]acetamide (nelunucine A, 1) was obtained along with 19 known ones. Their structures were established by detailed analysis of the 1D‐, 2D‐NMR, and HR‐ESI‐MS data. N‐Nornuciferine (9) and lirinidine (10) showed potent in vitro anti‐food allergic activity with IC50 values of 40.0 and 55.4 μM, respectively, compared to 91.4 μM for loratadine, the positive control.
Azathioprine‐induced pellagra in a child with autoimmune hepatitis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Abtahi‐Naeini Bahareh , Rajabi Parvin , Dehghani Shakiba 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPellagra is a clinical syndrome resulting from niacin deficiency with variety of manifestations. Azathioprine is among drugs that can lead to such condition. Physicians should be aware as proper management can lead to full resolution.
CYP2C19 Loss‐of‐function Polymorphisms are Associated with Reduced Risk of Sulfonylurea Treatment Failure in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Wang Ke , Yang Aimin , Shi Mai , Tam Claudia C. H. , Lau Eric S. H. , Fan Baoqi , Lim Cadmon K. P. , Lee Heung Man , Kong Alice P. S. , Luk Andrea O. Y. , Tomlinson Brian , Ma Ronald C. W. , Chan Juliana C. N. , Chow Elaine 
Published: October 2021

Sulfonylureas (SUs) are predominantly metabolized by cytochrome p450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and cytochrome p450 2C19 (CYP2C19) enzymes. CYP2C9 polymorphisms are associated with greater treatment response and hypoglycemic risk in SU users. However, there are no large scale pharmacogenetic studies investigating the effect of loss‐of‐function alleles CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3, which occur frequently in East Asians. Retrospective pharmacogenetic analysis was performed in 11,495 genotyped patients who were enrolled in the Hong Kong Diabetes Register between 1995 and 2017, with follow‐up to December 31, 2019. The associations of CYP2C19 polymorphisms with SU treatment failure, early HbA1c response, and severe hypoglycemia were analyzed by Cox regression or logistic regression assuming an additive genetic model. There were 2341 incident SU users that were identified (mean age 59 years, median diabetes duration 9 years), of which 324 were CYP2C19 poor metabolizers (CYP2C19 *2/*2 or *2/*3 or *3/*3). CYP2C19 poor metabolizers had lower risk of SU treatment failure (hazard ratio 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.72–0.97, P = 0.018) and were more likely to reach the HbA1c treatment target < 7% (odds ratio 1.52, 95% CI 1.02–2.27, P = 0.039) than wild‐type carriers (CYP2C19 *1/*1) following adjustment for multiple covariates. There were no significant differences in severe hypoglycemia rates among different CYP2C19 genotype groups. CYP2C19 polymorphisms should be considered during personalization of SU therapy.
Southwest‐adapted maize germplasm as a potential genetic resource for selection of salinity tolerant cultivars
Authors: Pratt Richard C. , Velasco‐Cruz Ciro , Darapuneni Murali , Montgomery Randall , Grant Lois 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe southwestern United States–northern Mexico Borderland Region (SW) is an arid to semi‐arid region characterized by high temperatures, drought, and frequently saline soil conditions. Nonetheless, maize (Zea mays) has been cultivated in the region for several millennia and recently has increasingly contributed to a growing dairy industry. Water resources are declining, and saline or brackish irrigation water is an increasing problem in the SW. Irrigation water that is highly saline can cause a buildup of salts in the soil. Adapted SW maize germplasm may offer stress tolerance that could be incorporated into breeding programs. The objective of this study was to evaluate 13 maize cultivars and compare them to four commercial hybrids across 2 yr and three locations in New Mexico. Two of the locations were characterized by saline and/or brackish conditions. Agronomic factors including forage yield, forage quality, survival rates, and plant height were examined. The landrace ‘Mexican June’ and the synthetic population Arizona 8601 demonstrated good forage yields and higher survival rates at one stress location during 2016 (p < .05). Most southwestern landraces showed lower forage quality when compared to silage‐specific commercial hybrids. The landrace ‘Montgomery County Blue and White’ was an exception; it produced forage quality similar to that of one of the commercial hybrids while also producing comparable yield. Results indicate there is potential for further development of these genetic resources for selection of improved salinity tolerance in forage maize for production in semi‐arid regions.
Compact wearable low‐SAR dual band antenna for on body network applications
Authors: Srilatha G. , Raju Gottumukkala Suryanarayana , Dayal P. Anthony Sunny 
Published: October 2021

SummaryA compact antenna is designed for on‐body applications in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) frequency bands in the range from 2.45 to 5.8 GHz. A circular structure with triangular slots is used to address dual‐band applications. The antenna is designed on a flexible polyimide substrate with a dielectric constant of 3.5 and loss tangent of 0.008. Bending analysis of the antenna is performed to analyze its flexibility. The proposed antenna covers the frequency ranges of 2.3–3.5 and 5.1–6.8 GHz with fractional bandwidths of 41% and 28%. The antenna provides stable dipole and omnidirectional patterns. The measured antenna exhibits peak gain values of 2.3 dBi at 2.5 GHz and 4.7 dBi at 5.8 GHz with radiation efficiency of 78% at 2.5 GHz and 84% at 5.8 GHz. To validate the antenna performance, the simulated results for the antenna are compared with measurements carried out with the antenna on the human body.
Performance of new relay selection scheme for buffer‐assisted multihop decode‐and‐forward networks
Authors: Bhatnagar Shobhit , Dixit Dharmendra , Gauttam Sunil Kumar , Rawal Divyang 
Published: October 2021

SummaryIn this paper, a new relay selection scheme is proposed to reduce the end‐to‐end packet delivery delay for buffer‐assisted multihop decode‐and‐forward cooperative networks. The proposed method selects a relay node having more packets in the associated buffer and relay's proximity to the destination node. Mathematical expressions for the outage probability and average packet delay in Rician fading are obtained by modeling the system as a Markov chain. The proposed relay selection scheme has less packet delay as compared to the max‐link relay selection scheme with marginally higher outage probability. Thus, the proposed relay selection scheme is a good alternative to low latency wireless applications.
Micro‐ and macrovascular complications and risk factors for foot ulceration and amputation in individuals receiving dialysis with and without diabetes
Authors: Kofod Dea Haagensen , Almdal Thomas Peter , Sørensen Vibeke Rømming , Feldt‐Rasmussen Bo , Hornum Mads 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionThis study examined the prevalence of microvascular and macrovascular complications in people receiving dialysis with and without diabetes and investigated independent risk factors for foot ulcers and lower‐extremity amputations.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional study of 119 individuals with diabetes and 219 individuals without diabetes receiving chronic dialysis during June 2019 at the Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Effects of diabetes and other risk factors were assessed by log‐binomial regression. Prevalence data were compared with a historical control group of 38 individuals with diabetes receiving dialysis examined in 2004 in the same department.ResultsWe found that persons with diabetes had a twofold higher risk ratio of current (unadjusted risk ratio 2.2 [95% CI 1.1, 4.7]) and previous foot ulcer (2.5 [1.7, 3.7]) and a fourfold higher risk ratio of lower‐extremity amputation (4.2 [2.1, 8.6]) in comparison with persons without diabetes (all p < .05). Furthermore, persons with diabetes had a 70% increased risk ratio of myocardial infarction (1.7 [1.0–2.8], p = .041). In multivariable‐adjusted analysis, current foot ulcer was independently associated with previous foot ulcer (adjusted risk ratio 4.0 [95% CI 1.8, 8.9]), while lower‐extremity amputation was independently associated with diabetes (3.8 [1.8, 8.2]) and male sex (4.1 [1.5, 11.3]) (all p < .01).ConclusionsIndividuals with diabetes receiving dialysis had a higher prevalence of foot ulcer, lower‐extremity amputation and myocardial infarction compared to individuals without diabetes. Previous foot ulcer was the most important risk factor for current foot ulcer, while diabetes and male sex were important risk factors for lower‐extremity amputation.
Capturing polysulfides by sulfurized‐polyacrylonitrile in lithium‐sulfur batteries and the sulfur‐chain effects through Density Functional Theory
Authors: Bertolini Samuel , Jacob Timo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCyclized‐polyacrylonitrile (cPAN) is a host material in lithium‐sulfur batteries (LiSBs) and, due to its chemisorption to sulfur, it can reduce the polysulfides’ (PSs) shuttle. A hydrogen atom can be removed from the backbone during the synthesis, allowing the sulfur to bind with carbon in the backbone. Thus, an undercoordinated carbon (Cuc) is considered to be formed during the synthesis of cPAN and over the LiSB cycles. We performed first‐principles calculations to evaluate the role of Cuc, as well as when Cuc is occupied by one sulfur atom, as in the sulfur‐polyacrylonitrile, (SPAN). The studied sites in the cPAN backbone are set near of differently sized PSs, and the PSs are being initially solvated in the electrolyte. We observed that cPAN and SPAN can capture the PSs from the electrolyte, but also that cPAN and SPAN act as active material by removing Li‐ions from the PSs. Specifically for Li2S8, SPAN can remove both Li‐ions, causing a ring closure in the remaining sulfur chain, and forming solvated S8‐rings. Chemisorption of the PSs leads to a partial charge transfer to the polymer, but it also weakens the nearby C–H bonds in the backbone. The capturing process can produce fragments, which later recombine to form a longer chain. Those fragments are an indication that smaller fragments may be released to the electrolyte during the process.
Self‐disgust and disgust sensitivity are increased in anorexia nervosa inpatients, but only self‐disgust mediates between comorbid and core psychopathology
Authors: Kot Emilia , Grzegorzewski Piotr , Kostecka Barbara , Kucharska Katarzyna 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe possible role of abnormal disgust processing in the development and course of anorexia nervosa (AN) has been emphasized in theoretical models and research. However, disgust toward external stimuli and self‐disgust have not yet been investigated together in a clinical sample of AN patients. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to measure these constructs and examine their role in shaping eating pathology in AN patients and healthy controls (HCs), considering comorbid depressive and anxiety psychopathology. The study also aimed at testing the possible mediational roles of both disgust types in the associations between comorbid psychopathology and eating disorders (EDs) characteristics.MethodAltogether, 63 inpatients with AN and 57 HCs partook in the study. Participants completed the Eating Disorder Inventory‐3, State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory‐II, Disgust Scale–Revised and Self‐Disgust Scale.ResultsAN patients manifested higher self‐disgust and disgust sensitivity than HCs. In addition, self‐disgust predicted the severity of EDs characteristics and mediated the links of depressive symptoms and trait anxiety with EDs characteristics in both groups.DiscussionOur findings imply the putative role of self‐disgust in the development of EDs psychopathology in HCs and in its maintenance in AN patients.
Enhanced thermal conductivity and shape stabilized LiNO3‐NaCl eutectic/exfoliated graphite composite for thermal energy storage applications
Authors: Kumar Rohitash , Nirwan Anju , Dixit Ambesh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLiNO3 and NaCl salt mixtures are explored as phase change material (PCM) for thermal energy storage. We developed a process for synthesizing LiNO3 and NaCl eutectic mixture at room temperature and found that eutectic mixture consists of 88.8 wt% LiNO3 and 11.2 wt% NaCl salts. The latent heat and melting point of PCM are ~230°C and 302 kJ kg−1. Thermal conductivity of eutectic composition is measured with transient plane source (TPS) technique and value is 0.8 W m−1 K−1. We used thermochemically exfoliated graphite (ExG) in 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt% ratio with the developed eutectic to prepare PCM‐ExG composites to enhance thermal conductivity of pristine eutectic PCM. The maximum thermal conductivity of these PCM‐ExG composite PCMs is ~13.8 W m−1 K−1 for 20 wt% ExG and ~1400 kg m−3 density, ~16.5 times of pristine eutectic PCM. We observed that PCM‐ExG composite containing ExG ≥ 15 wt% retains liquid PCM inside the ExG pores, useful to reduce leakage problem of thermal energy storage vessel. The high thermal conductivity, high latent heat of fusion and suitable melting point of LiNO3‐NaCl eutectic PCM‐ExG composite PCM make it suitable for solar thermal energy storage and industrial waste heat recovery applications.
Grit and consequence
Authors: Fannin Luke D. , Singels Elzanne , Esler Karen J. , Dominy Nathaniel J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGrit is implicated in several biological phenomena—it wears teeth, it fractures teeth, it drives tooth evolution, it elicits complex manual manipulations—any one of which could be described as a central topic in evolutionary anthropology. But what is grit? We hardly know because we tend to privilege the consequences of grit (it is abrasive) over its formal features, all but ignoring crucial variables such as mineral composition, material properties, and particle geometry (size, angularity), not to mention natural variation in the habitats of primates and their food surfaces. Few topics have animated so much debate and invited such cool indifference at the same time. Our goal here is to shine a light on grit, to put a philosophical lens on the nature of our discourse, and to call attention to large empirical voids that should be filled and folded into our understanding of primate natural history and evolution.
Heritage Conservation Future: Where We Stand, Challenges Ahead, and a Paradigm Shift
Authors: Otero Jorge 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGlobal cultural heritage is a lucrative asset. It is an important industry generating millions of jobs and billions of euros in revenue yearly. However, despite the tremendous economic and socio‐cultural benefits, little attention is usually paid to its conservation and to developing innovative big‐picture strategies to modernize its professional field. This perspective aims to compile some of the relevant current global needs to explore alternative ways for shaping future steps associated with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. From this perspective, it is conceptualized how emerging artificial intelligence (AI) and digital socio‐technological models of production based on democratic Peer‐2‐Peer (P2P) interactions can represent an alternative transformative solution by going beyond the current global communication and technical limitations in the heritage conservation community, while also providing novel digital tools to conservation practitioners, which can truly revolutionize the conservation decision‐making process and improve global conservation standards.
Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction for the assessment of disease burden in hairy cell leukemia
Authors: Broccoli Alessandro , Terragna Carolina , Nanni Laura , Martello Marina , Armuzzi Silvia , Agostinelli Claudio , Morigi Alice , Casadei Beatrice , Pellegrini Cinzia , Stefoni Vittorio , Sabattini Elena , Argnani Lisa , Zinzani Pier Luigi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBRAFV600E mutation is the pathogenic driver of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) found in the vast majority of cases both at onset and during recurrences. The identification of the mutated allele in blood and marrow correlates with the presence of neoplastic cells and can be considered a marker of active disease. Likewise, the absence of the mutation after treatment may indicate a state of deep response. The BRAFV600E burden was measured by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) and expressed as fractional abundance in 35 HCL patients at different stages of disease (onset, relapse, complete response [CR] after treatment, long‐term remission) in peripheral blood and/or bone marrow (when available). Mean values of fractional abundance for patients at diagnosis, relapse and response, respectively, were 12.26%, 16.52% and 0.02% in peripheral blood and 23.51%, 13.96% and 0.26% in bone marrow. Four patients out of 6 evaluated at response were molecularly negative for BRAFV600E in peripheral blood. Mean fractional abundance in peripheral blood tested in 14 patients with long lasting CR was 0.05%, and 10 patients were BRAFV600E negative. These preliminary results suggest that ddPCR permits to assess the active tumor burden in HCL at different disease phases and support the hypothesis that some patients in CR qualify for a molecular CR.
The resistance mechanisms and treatment strategies of BTK inhibitors in B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Wang Haoran , Zhang Wentao , Yang Jingyi , Zhou Keshu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) have revolutionized the treatment of B‐cell lymphoma (BCL). These drugs interfere with the mechanisms underlying malignant B‐cell pathophysiology, allowing better drug response as well as low toxicity. However, these multiple mechanisms also lead to drug resistance, which compromised the treatment outcome and needs to be solved urgently. This review focuses on genomic variations (such as BTK and its downstream PCLG2 mutations as well as Del 8p, 2p+, Del 6q/8p, BIRC3, TRAF2, TRAF3, CARD11, MYD88, and CCND1 mutations) and related pathways (such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NF‐κB, MAPK signaling pathways, overexpression of B‐cell lymphoma 6, platelet‐derived growth factor, toll‐like receptors, and microenvironment, cancer stem cells, and exosomes) involved in cancer pathophysiology to discuss the mechanisms underlying resistance to BTKi. We have also reviewed the newly reported drug resistance mechanisms and the proposed potential treatment strategies (the next‐generation BTKi, proteolysis‐targeting chimera‐BTK, XMU‐MP‐3, PI3K‐Akt‐mTOR pathway, MYC or LYN kinase inhibitor, and other small‐molecule targeted drugs) to overcome drug resistance. The findings presented in this review lay a strong foundation for further research in this field.