bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between vitamin D level and prognostic factors among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Haghighi Mehrdad , Ebadi Seyed Shayan , Soleimantabar Hussein , Shadkam Atefe , Ebadi Seyed Alireza , Afzali Hasan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The present study aimed to evaluate the presence of any relationship between vitamin D and prognostic factors among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Methods
This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among patients admitted from March to August 2020 in a referral hospital, Tehran, Iran. All patients aged 18–65 who had not any comorbidity participated in the study. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was established using the rRT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Then the incidence of lung involvement and biochemical markers including vitamin D level, c-reactive protein, D-dimer, lymphocyte count, platelet count, white blood cell count, and lactic acid dehydrogenase, were extracted through medical records.

Results
Altogether, 84 patients met our study criteria, and the information of 68 (80.9%) participants were collected. Among all 68 patients, 45 (66.2%) were male. The mean (SD) age of all participants was 52.4 (10.4) years old. Among 24 (35.2%) clients who died due to SARS-CoV-2, 20 (83.3%) patients were male (p=0.02). The mean (SD) of vitamin D level was 24.1 (13.6) ng/dL. No association between vitamin D level and prognostic factors, including CRP, lymphocyte count, D-dimer, LDH, and HRCT scan score, was observed. Also, the vitamin D level of the dead patients was not significantly different from that of the treated patients.

Conclusions
Our findings indicated no significant relationship between vitamin D level and prognostic factors or outcomes of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.
Revocable attribute-based proxy re-encryption
Authors: Luo Fucai , Al-Kuwari Saif 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Attribute-based proxy re-encryption (ABPRE), which combines the notions of proxy re-encryption (PRE) and attribute-based encryption (ABE), allows a semi-trusted proxy with re-encryption key to transform a ciphertext under a particular access policy into a ciphertext under another access policy, without revealing any information about the underlying plaintext. This primitive is very useful in applications where encrypted data need to be stored in untrusted environments, such as cloud storage. In many practical applications, and in order to address scenarios where users misbehave or the re-encryption keys are compromised, an efficient revocation mechanism is necessary for ABPRE. Previously, revocation mechanism was considered in the settings of identity-based encryption (IBE), ABE, predicate encryption (PE), and broadcast PRE, but not ABPRE, which is what we set to do in this paper. We first formalize the concept of revocable ABPRE and its security model. Then, we propose a lattice-based instantiation of revocable ABPRE. Our scheme not only supports an efficient revocation mechanism but also supports polynomial-depth policy circuits and has short private keys, where the size of the keys is dependent only on the depth of the supported policy circuits. In addition, we prove that our scheme is selectively chosen-plaintext attack (CPA) secure in the standard model, based on the learning with errors assumption.
On the Physical Background of Nerve Pulse Propagation: Heat and Energy
Authors: Peets Tanel , Tamm Kert , Engelbrecht Jüri 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Recent studies have revealed the complex structure of nerve signals in axons. Besides the electrical signal, mechanical and thermal effects are also detected in many experimental studies. In this paper, the mathematical models of heat generation are analysed within the framework of a general model derived earlier by the authors. The main mechanisms of heat generation are seemingly Joule heating and endo- and exothermic reactions. The concept of internal variables permits to model the heat relaxation typical to these reactions. The general energy balance of the whole signal is analysed based on physical mechanisms responsible for emerging the components of a signal which constitutes a wave ensemble. The novelty of this study is in describing the energy for all the components of the wave ensemble. Some open questions are listed for further studies.
Optimization and validation of a procedure for the determination of tritium in gaseous effluents from nuclear power plants
Authors: Štrok Marko , Svetek Barbara 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The optimization and validation of a procedure for the determination of tritium from gaseous effluents from a nuclear power plant is described. Optimization included performance assessment of silica gel and a molecular sieve as a material for the adsorption of water moisture from air for continuous tritium sampling. In addition, the usability of such a system for monitoring tritium in laboratory air for low-level tritium measurements was assessed. The molecular sieve showed better performance, with an average desorption efficiency of 95% compared to 78% achieved with silica gel. The memory effect was also lower and more reproducible for the molecular sieve, amounting to 7% on average compared to 35% attained for silica gel. Measurement of low-level tritium in air showed the importance of prior checks of intrinsic tritium levels in the molecular sieve as due to that erroneous results could be produced.
Cell Type-Specific Decrease of the Intrinsic Excitability of Motor Cortical Pyramidal Neurons in Parkinsonism
Authors: Chen Liqiang , Daniels Samuel , Kim Yerim , Chu Hong-Yuan 
Published: May 2021

The hypokinetic motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) are closely linked with a decreased motor cortical output as a consequence of elevated basal ganglia inhibition. However, whether and how the loss of dopamine (DA) alters the cellular properties of motor cortical neurons in PD remains undefined. We induced parkinsonism in adult C57BL/6 mice of both sexes by injecting neurotoxin, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), into the medial forebrain bundle. By usingex vivopatch-clamp recording and retrograde tracing approach, we found that the intrinsic excitability of pyramidal tract neurons (PTNs) in the primary motor cortical (M1) layer (L)5b was greatly decreased in parkinsonism; but the intratelencephalic neurons (ITNs) were not affected. The cell type-specific intrinsic adaptations were associated with a depolarized threshold and broadened width of action potentials (APs) in PTNs. Moreover, the loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons impaired the capability of M1 PTNs to sustain high-frequency firing, which could underlie their abnormal pattern of activity in the parkinsonian state. We also showed that the decreased excitability in parkinsonism was caused by an impaired function of both persistent sodium channels and the large conductance, Ca2+-activated K+channels. Acute activation of dopaminergic receptors failed to rescue the impaired intrinsic excitability of M1 PTNs in parkinsonian mice. Altogether, our data demonstrated a cell type-specific decrease of the excitability of M1 pyramidal neurons in parkinsonism. Thus, intrinsic adaptations in the motor cortex provide novel insight in our understanding of the pathophysiology of motor deficits in PD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD) remodels the connectivity and function of cortico–basal ganglia–thalamocortical network. However, whether and how dopaminergic degeneration and the associated basal ganglia dysfunction alter motor cortical circuitry remain undefined. We found that pyramidal neurons in the layer (L)5b of the primary motor cortex (M1) exhibit distinct adaptations in response to the loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, depending on their long-range projections. Besides the decreased thalamocortical synaptic excitation as proposed by the classical model of Parkinson's pathophysiology, these results, for the first time, show novel cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the abnormal motor cortical output in parkinsonism.
Region-Specific and State-Dependent Astrocyte Ca2+Dynamics during the Sleep-Wake Cycle in Mice
Authors: Tsunematsu Tomomi , Sakata Shuzo , Sanagi Tomomi , Tanaka Kenji F. , Matsui Ko 
Published: May 2021

Neural activity is diverse, and varies depending on brain regions and sleep/wakefulness states. However, whether astrocyte activity differs between sleep/wakefulness states, and whether there are differences in astrocyte activity among brain regions remain poorly understood. Therefore, in this study, we recorded astrocyte intracellular calcium (Ca2+) concentrations of mice during sleep/wakefulness states in the cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, cerebellum, and pons using fiber photometry. For this purpose, male transgenic mice expressing the genetically encoded ratiometric Ca2+sensor YCnano50 specifically in their astrocytes were used. We demonstrated that Ca2+levels in astrocytes substantially decrease during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and increase after the onset of wakefulness. In contrast, differences in Ca2+levels during non-REM (NREM) sleep were observed among the different brain regions, and no significant decrease was observed in the hypothalamus and pons. Further analyses focusing on the transition between sleep/wakefulness states and correlation analysis with the duration of REM sleep showed that Ca2+dynamics differs among brain regions, suggesting the existence of several clusters, i.e., the first comprising the cortex and hippocampus, the second comprising the hypothalamus and pons, and the third comprising the cerebellum. Our study thus demonstrated that astrocyte Ca2+levels change substantially according to sleep/wakefulness states. These changes were consistent in general unlike neural activity. However, we also clarified that Ca2+dynamics varies depending on the brain region, implying that astrocytes may play various physiological roles in sleep.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSleep is an instinctive behavior of many organisms. In the previous five decades, the mechanism of the neural circuits controlling sleep/wakefulness states and the neural activities associated with sleep/wakefulness states in various brain regions have been elucidated. However, whether astrocytes, which are a type of glial cell, change their activity during different sleep/wakefulness states was poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that dynamic changes in astrocyte Ca2+concentrations occur in the cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, cerebellum, and pons of mice during natural sleep. Further analyses demonstrated that Ca2+dynamics slightly differ among different brain regions, implying that the physiological roles of astrocytes in sleep/wakefulness might vary depending on the brain region.
Gender mainstreaming in the European Union development policy: the Tunisian case.
Authors: Sanz Ventín Sonia 
Published: May 2021

This paper examines gender mainstreaming in the European Union development policy to Tunisia. The main objective of this paper is to analyse the way in which Gender Mainstreaming is included in the European Union Development polity in a strategic country such as Tunisia. In doing this, I will examine to which extent the Gender Mainstreaming integration is genuinely achieving its aim of transforming unequal gender relations. The first section of the paper develops the theoretical frame. The second section explains the research methodology. The third section explains the research results showing how the European Union has overlooked a unique opportunity that would has given the chance to integrate Gender Mainstreaming in the post-revolution European Union development policy, into the national public policies and lastly, in establishing a more inclusive dialogue with an embryonic civil society and mature feminist movement. The paper concludes with the hope that this study will serve to guide and promote, in first place, a real integration of a transformative gender mainstreaming in the EU development policy and in second place, to boost the EU role as promoter of possible national reforms which will enable the implementation of transformative gender mainstreaming in national policies breaking once for all with the artificial neutrality of public policies.
Effect of shrimp fortification level on nutritional value, cooking quality and microstructure of freeze-dried noodles
Authors: Yerlikaya P. , Tokay F.G. , Alp A.C. , Cilay S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA product with increased quality and nutritional value can be developed by enriching noodles with shrimp meat (SM). The formulation of noodle dough was supplemented with SM (10, 20 and 30% w/w). The noodles were freeze-dried due to the susceptibility of added SM to spoilage. Water activity values of all samples were below 0.35. The highest protein (19.37 ± 1.04%), lipid (39.30 ± 1.69%), moisture (6.31 ± 0.42%) and energy (571.14 ± 10.16 kcal/100 g) contents were determined in noodles with 30% shrimp meat content (30S). Carbohydrate value of noodles decreased with the SM fortification level. Cooking quality characteristics of SM added noodles, especially 10S, were better in terms of weight gain, volume increase and cooking loss. The highest L* and b* values, which are expected to be high by the consumers, were reached with 10S and 30S, respectively. The value of a* increased with the addition of SM. Hardness, cohesiveness and chewiness values of the noodles increased with an increase in the level of shrimp content. Addition of SM improved the microstructure of noodles due to enriched protein matrix. Nutritious noodles with high cooking quality and a potential for long shelf life are intended for athletes and individuals with special nutritional needs.
DRIVERS FOR THE ADOPTION OF DIGITAL PLATFORMS: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF RUSSIAN SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES
Authors: Nalbandyan G. G. , Khovalova Т. V. 
Published: May 2021

Digitalization is one of the key factors in increasing competitiveness, which signifi cantly expands the capabilities of enterprises, transforming the business models of companies and signifi cantly changing the process of creating value for the consumer. One of the components of the digital economy that can become a driver for the development of entire industries are digital platforms, which in modern conditions may bring signifi cant benefi ts both for large enterprises, and as well as for small and medium-sized enterprises. Despite the high importance of using digital platforms, the use of digital platforms among small and medium-sized businesses is not widespread in Russia. This article aims to identify the factors that contribute to the adoption of digital platforms among small and medium enterprises.
COVID-19 Aşı Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği’nin Türkçe geçerlilik ve güvenirliliği
Authors: DURMUŞ Ayhan , AKBOLAT Mahmut , AMARAT Mustafa 
Published: May 2021

Amaç: Araştırmanın amacı, bireylerin Covid-19 aşı okuryazarlık düzeyini ölçmek için kullanılacak geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçeği Türkçe’ ye uyarlamaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Kronik hastalıklarda sağlık okuryazarlığının değerlendirilmesi için Ishikawa ve meslektaşları tarafından geliştirilen ve Biasio ve meslektaşları tarafından Covid-19 aşı okuryazarlığı olarak uyarlanan ölçek kullanılmıştır. Ölçeğin Türkçe uyarlamasında doğrulayıcı ve keşfedici faktör analizi ve güvenilirlik analizi yapılmıştır. Örneklem seçiminde kolayda örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklemini çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 596 birey oluşturmaktadır.
Bulgular: Araştırma da katılım gösterenlerin, %60,6’sı kadın ve %39,4’ü erkeklerden oluşturmaktadır. Ayrıca, katılımcıların %34,1’ni Y kuşağı, %28,2’sini X kuşağı, %27,9’nu Z kuşağı ve %9,9’nu Bebek Patlaması kuşağı oluşturmaktadır. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin örneklem yeterliliği test sonucu değeri 0,905 ve Barlett’s testi anlamlıdır. Açıklayıcı faktör analizine göre orijinal ölçekteki gibi iki boyuta ayırılmakta ve toplam açıklanan varyansı %65,970’dir. Ölçeğin uyum iyiliği değerleri, RMSEA= 0,069, NFI= 0,949, CFI= 0,961, GFI= 0,943, AGFI= 0,917, IFI = 0,961, TLI= 0,952, RMR=0,036 olarak tespit edilmiş ve kabul edilen değerlerde olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Son olarak ölçeğin Cronbach alfa değeri 0,868 olarak tespit edilmiştir.
Sonuç: Covid-19 aşı okuryazarlığı ölçeğinin kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir araçtır. Aynı zamanda ölçek, bireylerin Covid-19 aşısı ile ilgili ne şekilde bir bilgi elde ettiğini, aşı hakkında bilgi toplama ve anlama yeteneklerini değerlendirmektir.
A Model for the National Mental Health Information Network
Authors: Rabiei Reza , Aasdi Farkhonde , Moghaddasi Hamid , Shojaei Baghini Mahdie 
Published: May 2021

Aim: Accurate information can be accessed in a timely manner through the Integrated Mental Health Information Network (MHIN). As Iran has no MHIN, this study was undertaken to propose an architectural model.
Method: This research is a sequential mixed method. The organizational structure and database structure of the MHIN was identified, and the architectural model of the NMHIN was presented in two main phases. In the first phase, a quantitative study was conducted in a scoping review with an extensive review of the background, documents, information, and available resources about the mental health information network. In the second phase, to validate the proposed architecture, the Delphi technique was implemented. Questionnaires were distributed and collected both in person and by e-mail, and finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS-19.
Results: The model of national MHIN was provided in five dimensions: MH entities, organizational ownership of databases, data elements of each database, linkage among databases, and exchangeable data elements among the databases.
Conclusion: This model can be applied as a suitable platform to effectively and efficiently store and use mental health information. So, the available information can be used for providing mental health services more comfortably and appropriately. The results showed that connecting mental health entities can create a flow of information, coordinate MHIN activities, and improve performance, efficiency, and quality of mental health.
Toward Accountable Education in the Medical Sciences Universities by Connecting Innovation and Intellectual Capital
Authors: Karami Mahtab 
Published: May 2021

This article addresses this important issue that medical sciences universities are an organization that is rich in intellectual capital in various fields and specialties and also have multiple customers and segmented markets. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a connection between these assets and innovation by properly managing the intelligent capital and identifying the society’ S needs. It should also avoid continuing to educate academic fields that are no longer needed by society and try to replace them with ones that are appropriate to the needs of society to save its tangible capital. This means that education is accountable for the needs of society. This will not happen unless establishing a continuous and strong connection between the university and industry.
Intensitas Penggunaan Gadget Terhadap Interaksi Sosial Mahasiswa Psikologi Islam Uin Antasari Banjarmasin
Authors: Misnah Siti , Abidin Muhammad Zainal , Mubarak Mubarak 
Published: May 2021

Teknologi berkembang seiring berjalannya waktu, menyebabkan terciptanya gadget yang mempermudah manusia dalam segala hal. Semua kalangan, sekarang mempunyai gadget karena banyak fungsinya. Tetapi, kita harus menyadari bahwa gadget mempunyai dampak, salah satunya yaitu kurangnya interaksi sosial. Terkadang ketika kita berkumpul bersama teman, keluarga, masih menggunakan gadget, padahal waktu berkumpul digunakan untuk saling berbagi cerita. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui tingkat intensitas penggunaan gadget dan interaksi sosial, serta melihat adakah hubungan antara keduanya. Jenis penelitian ini kuantitatif dengan populasi 322 orang dan sampel 80 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan skala likert terdiri 9 item intensitas penggunaan gadget dan 19 item interaksi sosial, koefisien reliabilitas 0,658 dan 0,753 sedangkan koefisien korelasi rxy=-0,166; p=0,142 (p<0,05) Hasil penelitian ini bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara intensitas penggunaan gadget dan interaksi sosial. Beberapa faktor yakni usia perkembangan, gadget sarana memenuhi kebutuhan, subjek penelitian merupakan seorang mahasiswa yang latar belakangnya mempelajari manusia, maka membutuhkan interaksi dalam setiap aktivitasnya.
PROFIL LITERASI LINGKUNGAN MAHASISWA CALON GURU IPA
Authors: Yusup Febrianawati 
Published: May 2021

Kerusakan lingkungan yang terjadi di Indonesia akibat dari pemanfaatan lingkungan yang belum diimbangi oleh pelestarian lingkungan. Hanya individu yang memiliki literasi, kesadaran, dan sensitivitas yang akan berkontribusi dalam menangani masalah lingkungan. Pendidikan Lingkungan Hidup (PLH) dianggap sebagai cara yang paling tepat dalam mendidik individu tersebut. PLH biasanya terintegrasi dengan pembelajaran Ilmu pengatahuan Alam. Dalam pendidikan, guru memerankan peran yang paling vital. Guru yang berliterasi lingkungan diharapkan nantinya mampu menyiapkan agen perubahan lingkungan yang handal. Sehingga calon guru IPA perlu diteliti literasi lingkungan berupa pengetahuan lingkungan, sikap dan perilaku terhadap lingkungan yang dimilikinya. Penelitian literasi lingkungan ini melibatkan 202 mahasiswa calon guru IPA yang terdiri dari 144 mahasiswa tadris biologi, 48 mahasiswa tadris fisika, dan 40 mahasiswa tadris kimia yang digali menggunakan angket berupa tes dan non-tes yang telah peneliti kembangkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan lingkungan mahasiswa calon guru IPA masuk dalam kategori baik, sikap terhadap lingkungannya termasuk dalam kategori positif, dan perilaku terhadap lingkungan tergolong cukup baik. Kurikulum serta sarana dan prasarana perlu mendukung program peningkatan literasi lingkungan mahasiswa calon guru IPA
IMPLEMENTASI PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN LITERASI SAINS SISWA
Authors: Hafizah Ellyna , Nurhaliza Siti 
Published: May 2021

Urgensi pendidikan saat ini menjadikan literasi sains sebagai salah satu target capaian pembelajaran sains yang mengedepankan kemampuan berpikir saintifik terkait isu fenomena alam. Target tersebut dapat dicapai dari pengusungan model pembelajaran yang tepat sasaran dalam pengacuan literasi sains sebagai aspek capaian pembelajaran. Model PBL merupakan sebuah model yang potensial terhadap pencapaian kemampuan proses sains siswa. Maka, penelitian ini ditujukan sebagai ulasan literatur mengenai konsep literasi sains serta keterkaitan dengan model PBL. Penelitian ini merupakan studi literatur dengan jenis kualitatif deskritif dengan metode pendataan literatur, deskripsi literatur, serta perbandingan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran berbasis PBL dinilai ideal menumbuhkan kemampuan proses sains siswa dari proses pemecahan masalah. Potensi model PBL ini juga dinilai cukup strategis dalam penunjangan situasi pembelajaran online. Pendesainan model PBL yang berbasis aktivitas praktikum merupakan inovasi yang dapat guru diterapkan untuk menunjang kemampuan proses sains siswa yang lebih optimal.