bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Holidays and the Anticipation of Ritual
Authors: MURRAY ROB 
Published: December 2021

COVID‐19 disrupted so much. It also disrupted rituals, holidays and events on an incredible scale. Many of us lost track of time without these expected markers.But 2021 is all about a new perspective. I found myself anticipating and wanting to engage with rituals as never before. January 2021 was the beginning of a journey to reestablish ritual and patterns of time. I chose to note and celebrate and anticipate simple holidays. This is new territory for me as I did not celebrate holidays to any degree pre‐2021. They were noted but I did not really participate. That has changed. The curious researcher in me is on a journey to explore and embrace holidays and ritual. I now anticipate holidays instead of being a passive passenger in time. Calendars adorn my walls and I plan holidays like people plan vacations. And I'm shopping…I think this effort is underpinned by observation. I'm really taking a step back to see these rituals with new eyes. I'm even excited to buy holiday themed postage stamps! Who does that?! Well, me now. A big part of the enjoyment is deconstructing holidays into anthropological components – color, food, patterns, icons, context, clothing, decorations, symbols, etc. All researchers should embrace these rituals as a kind of cognitive and temporal exercise and use these experiences to connect with people, colleagues and participants. I've been able to use this holiday hobby to entertain and amuse, but more importantly, to connect with people. At first virtually, but now more and more in real life. It's whimsical, It's fun, it's silly, but it's a new story that my socially‐distanced friends and family can engage with.Anticipation is all about curiosity and the future. Holidays can help build muscle memory for experience, connection and empathy which are critical skills for researchers and the curious. Participating in rituals like holidays is a way to become a better observer. Think of it as temporal exercise.
Putting the Pacific marine heatwave into perspective: The response of larval fish off southern California to unprecedented warming in 2014–2016 relative to the previous 65 years
Authors: Thompson Andrew R. , Ben‐Aderet Noah J. , Bowlin Noelle M. , Kacev Dovi , Swalethorp Rasmus , Watson William 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe 2014–2016 Northeast Pacific marine heatwave (MHW) induced the warmest 3‐year period on record in the California Current Ecosystem. We tested whether larval fish assemblage structure, phenology, and diversity dynamics were comparable to past warming events from 1951 to 2013. First, we hypothesized, based on past observations of biological effect of warming, that mesopelagic species with southern distributions relative to southern California and Pacific sardine Sardinops sagax (a coastal pelagic species) would increase during the MHW while northern mesopelagics and northern anchovy Engraulis mordax (coastal pelagic) abundances would decline. Similar to past warming, southern mesopelagics increased and northern mesopelagics decreased. Unexpectedly, however, a common southern mesopelagic, Mexican lampfish Triphoturus mexicanus, was approximately three times more abundant than the previous annual high. Furthermore, whereas sardine abundance did not increase, larval anchovy abundance rose to near‐record highs in summer 2016. Second, we hypothesized that fishes would spawn earlier during the MHW. Fishes did not spawn in an earlier season within a year, but five of six southern mesopelagic taxa spawned earlier than typical within winter and spring. Third, we predicted that species richness would increase moderately due to an influx of southern and exodus of northern species. Richness, however, was very high in all seasons and the highest ever during the summer as multiple species with primarily southern distributions were recorded spawning for the first time in southern California. The richness of northern species was also unexpectedly high during the MHW. Northern species likely persisted in the study area because in addition to the warm water, pockets of cold water were consistently present. If, as predicted, conditions similar to the MHW become more common as oceans warm, this unique and largely unexpected combination of fishes may reflect future biological conditions.
Coral reef benthic community changes in the Anthropocene: Biogeographic heterogeneity, overlooked configurations, and methodology
Authors: Reverter Miriam , Helber Stephanie B. , Rohde Sven , de Goeij Jasper M. , Schupp Peter J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNon‐random community changes are becoming more frequent in many ecosystems. In coral reefs, changes towards communities dominated by other than hard corals are increasing in frequency, with severe impacts on ecosystem functioning and provision of ecosystem services. Although new research suggests that a variety of alternative communities (i.e. not dominated by hard corals) exist, knowledge on the global diversity and functioning of alternative coral reef benthic communities, especially those not dominated by algae, remains scattered. In this systematic review and meta‐analysis of 523 articles, we analyse the different coral reef benthic community changes reported to date and discuss the advantages and limitations of the methods used to study these changes. Furthermore, we used field cover data (1116 reefs from the ReefCheck database) to explore the biogeographic and latitudinal patterns in dominant benthic organisms. We found a mismatch between literature focus on coral‐algal changes (over half of the studies analysed) and observed global natural patterns. We identified strong biogeographic patterns, with the largest and most biodiverse biogeographic regions (Western and Central Indo‐Pacific) presenting previously overlooked soft‐coral‐dominated communities as the most abundant alternative community. Finally, we discuss the potential biases associated with methods that overlook ecologically important cryptobenthic communities and the potential of new technological advances in improving monitoring efforts. As coral reef communities inevitably and swiftly change under changing ocean conditions, there is an urgent need to better understand the distribution, dynamics as well as the ecological and societal impacts of these new communities.
Century‐long changes and drivers of soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions across the contiguous United States
Authors: Lu Chaoqun , Yu Zhen , Zhang Jien , Cao Peiyu , Tian Hanqin , Nevison Cynthia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe atmospheric concentration of nitrous oxide (N2O) has increased by 23% since the pre‐industrial era, which substantially destructed the stratospheric ozone layer and changed the global climate. However, it remains uncertain about the reasons behind the increase and the spatiotemporal patterns of soil N2O emissions, a primary biogenic source. Here, we used an integrative land ecosystem model, Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model (DLEM), to quantify direct (i.e., emitted from local soil) and indirect (i.e., emissions related to local practices but occurring elsewhere) N2O emissions in the contiguous United States during 1900–2019. Newly developed geospatial data of land‐use history and crop‐specific agricultural management practices were used to force DLEM at a spatial resolution of 5 arc‐min by 5 arc‐min. The model simulation indicates that the U.S. soil N2O emissions totaled 0.97 ± 0.06 Tg N year−1 during the 2010s, with 94% and 6% from direct and indirect emissions, respectively. Hot spots of soil N2O emission are found in the US Corn Belt and Rice Belt. We find a threefold increase in total soil N2O emission in the United States since 1900, 74% of which is from agricultural soil emissions, increasing by 12 times from 0.04 Tg N year−1 in the 1900s to 0.51 Tg N year−1 in the 2010s. More than 90% of soil N2O emission increase in agricultural soils is attributed to human land‐use change and agricultural management practices, while increases in N deposition and climate warming are the dominant drivers for N2O emission increase from natural soils. Across the cropped acres, corn production stands out with a large amount of fertilizer consumption and high‐emission factors, responsible for nearly two‐thirds of direct agricultural soil N2O emission increase since 1900. Our study suggests a large N2O mitigation potential in cropland and the importance of exploring crop‐specific mitigation strategies and prioritizing management alternatives for targeted crop types.
Relationship between the Kihon Checklist and all‐cause hospitalization among community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Koyama Shingo , Otobe Yuhei , Suzuki Mizue , Kimura Yosuke , Ishiyama Daisuke , Kojima Iwao , Masuda Hiroaki , Kusumi Haruhiko , Yamada Minoru 
Published: December 2021

AimTo examine the relationship between the Kihon Checklist (KCL) and incidence of hospitalization among community‐dwelling older adults.MethodWe analyzed the cohort data of 2920 community‐dwelling adults aged ≥65 years, who were living independently in a city in Shiga prefecture. We investigated the frailty status, instrumental activities of daily living, physical function, nutritional status, oral function, homebound status, cognitive function and mood using the KCL in the baseline survey. The outcome was incident all‐cause hospitalization in the 2‐year period. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the relationships between the frailty status and each domain of the KCL as well as all‐cause hospitalization.ResultsThe prevalence of frailty, pre‐frailty and robustness were 29.7%, 34.5% and 35.8%, respectively. During the 2‐year follow‐up period, 417 participants (14.3%) underwent an incident of all‐cause hospitalization. The participants with frailty (adjusted OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.05–1.81) had a significantly elevated incidence of hospitalization according to the multivariate analysis compared with patients with robustness, but not in participants with pre‐frailty (adjusted OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.82–1.40). Participants with low physical function (adjusted OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.12–1.87) and depressed mood (adjusted OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.08–1.70) had a significantly elevated incidence of hospitalization according to multivariate analysis compared with non‐risk.ConclusionThese results suggest that older adults with frailty are more likely to be hospitalized and that the KCL may be the screening tool to estimate the hospitalization risk. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 132–137.
Platform ecology: A user‐centric and relational conceptualization of online platforms
Authors: Ibert Oliver , Oechslen Anna , Repenning Alica , Schmidt Suntje 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOnline platforms provide a technological infrastructure allowing social actors to enact and utilize networks with a global reach. They play important roles as intermediaries and algorithm‐based curators of social interaction. This paper addresses two knowledge gaps: First, while a growing number of empirical studies has deepened our insights into the social dynamics characterizing single platforms, little is known about the multiple ways in which users or user groups combine diverse online offers according to their preferences. Second, the empirical focus has mainly been on online interaction. However, in everyday practices, the online is always situated in offline practices. It is thus necessary to understand the complex interdependencies of online and offline spheres. This paper therefore aims to develop an ecological heuristic that positions the user(s) and their practices center stage in the analysis and to elucidate the on/offline opportunity spaces and the affordances and constraints they provide for user agency.
Beyond blue ocean? The roles of intermediaries in the cross‐border labour market between Japan and Vietnam
Authors: Muranaka Aimi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe field of migration studies regards intermediaries as actors who manage the mobility of people, but academic works on their roles in the making of cross‐border labour markets remain scarce. Using the frameworks of market‐making and relational work, this study examines how Japanese intermediaries participate in the making of a cross‐border labour market between Japan and Vietnam. The study's findings are threefold. First, linguistic certification by an intermediary serves as a gatekeeper of labour's quality and allows an officially implemented linguistic boundary to shift. Second, intermediaries train employers and skilled migrant worker candidates by adjusting their presentation in recruitment venues. Third, intermediaries assist in officializing the employment relationship between employers and migrant workers. This study argues that, due to the absence of a concrete migration policy in Japan, intermediaries actively participate in market‐making practices by shifting, adjusting and making visible the boundaries within cross‐border labour exchanges.
A qualitative exploration of the barriers and facilitators affecting ethnic minority patient groups when accessing medicine review services: Perspectives of healthcare professionals
Authors: Robinson Anna , Elarbi Muna , Todd Adam , Husband Andy 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionHealthcare inequalities and ethnicity are closely related. Evidence has demonstrated that patients from ethnic minority groups are more likely to report a long‐term illness than their white counterparts; yet, in some cases, minority groups have reported poorer adherence to prescribed medicines and may be less likely to access medicine services. Knowledge of the barriers and facilitators that impact ethnic minority access to medicine services is required to ensure that services are fit for purpose to meet and support the needs of all.MethodsSemistructured interviews with healthcare professionals were conducted between October and December 2020, using telephone and video call‐based software. Perspectives on barriers and facilitators were discussed. Interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Reflexive thematic analysis enabled the development of themes. QSR NVivo (Version 12) facilitated data management. Ethical approval was obtained from the Newcastle University Faculty of Medical Sciences Ethics Committee.ResultsEighteen healthcare professionals were interviewed across primary, secondary and tertiary care settings; their roles spanned medicine, pharmacy and dentistry. Three themes were developed from the data regarding the perceived barriers and facilitators affecting access to medicine services for ethnic minority patients. These centred around patient expectations of health services; appreciating cultural stigma and acceptance of certain health conditions; and individually addressing communication and language needs.ConclusionThis study provides much‐needed evidence relating to the barriers and facilitators impacting minority ethnic communities when seeking medicine support. The results of this study have important implications for the delivery of person‐centred care. Involving patients and practitioners in coproduction approaches could enable the design and delivery of culturally sensitive and accessible medicine services.Patient or Public ContributionThe Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE) group at Newcastle University had extensive input in the design and concept of this study before the research was undertaken. Throughout the work, a patient champion (Harpreet Guraya) had input in the project by ensuring that the study was conducted, and the findings were reported, with cultural sensitivity.
Exploring the expectations, experiences and tensions of refugee patients and general practitioners in the quality of care in general practice
Authors: Patel Pinika , Muscat Danielle M. , Trevena Lyndal , Zachariah Dipti , Nosir Hanaa , Jesurasa Nishanthie , Hadi Amina , Bernays Sarah 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundRefugees and asylum seekers arrive in the Australian community with complex health needs and expectations of healthcare systems formed from elsewhere. Navigating the primary healthcare system can be challenging with communication and language barriers. In multicultural societies, this obstacle may be removed by accessing language‐concordant care. Emerging evidence suggests language‐concordance is associated with more positive reports of patient experience. Whether this is true for refugees and asylum seekers and their expectation of markers of quality patient‐centred care (PCC) remains to be explored. This study aimed to explore the expectations around the markers of PCC and the impacts of having language‐concordant care in Australian primary healthcare.MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured individual in‐language (Arabic, Dari, and Tamil) remote interviews with 22 refugee and asylum seekers and 9 general practitioners (GPs). Interview transcripts were coded inductively and deductively, based on the research questions, using Thematic Analysis. Extensive debriefing and discussion took place within the research team throughout data collection and analysis.ResultsCommunity member expectations of markers of PCC are constantly evolving and adapting based on invisible and visible actions during clinical encounters. Challenges can occur in the clinical encounter when expectations are ‘unsaid’ or unarticulated by both community members and GPs due to the assumption of shared understanding with language concordant care. Expectations of what constitutes satisfactory, quality PCC are dynamic outcomes, which are influenced by prior and current experiences of healthcare.ConclusionThis study highlights the importance of understanding that language concordant care does not always support aligned expectations of the markers of quality PCC between community members and their GP. We recommend that GPs encourage community members to provide explicit descriptions about how their prior experiences have framed their expectations of what characterizes quality PCC. In addition, GPs could develop a collaborative approach, in which they explain their own decision‐making processes in providing PCC to refugees and asylum seekers.Patient or Public ContributionBilingual researchers from multicultural backgrounds and experience working with people from refugee backgrounds were consulted on study design and analysis. This study included individuals with lived experiences as refugees and asylum seekers and clinicians as participants.
Self‐perceived halitosis among young adults undergoing orthodontic treatment
Authors: Banjar Arwa A. , Hassan Shaymaa M , Alyafi Rusha A. , Alawady Sara A. , Alghamdi Morouj H. , Baik Khadijah M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionHalitosis is a common oral health problem that significantly impacts the quality of life of the affected individuals. In most cases, poor oral hygiene is responsible for the problem. Orthodontic therapy aims to correct malocclusion using different devices. It has been suggested that orthodontic treatment can promote gingival health by facilitating daily oral hygiene measures. However, the treatment may harm gingival health as these appliances may lead to a more significant accumulation of plaque, increasing the microbial load in the subgingival environment leading to halitosis.ObjectiveThe primary goal of this survey is to assess the prevalence of self‐perceived halitosis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.Materials and MethodsAn online questionnaire was randomly distributed to patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. A total of 289 subjects completed the questionnaire. It included questions about: demographic data, medical history, social habits, past dental treatment and oral hygiene habits. Descriptive statistics as frequency distributions and percentages were calculated for the study variables.ResultsThe prevalence of self‐perceived halitosis was 41.5%. The majority of the participants started to notice this problem during and after orthodontic treatment (62.5%). A statistically significant correlation was found between the regular dental visits and halitosis in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances (p‐value = 0.010). Also, those patients had a substantial increase in tongue coating formation (p‐ value = 0.010).ConclusionSelf‐perceived halitosis is a common problem in patients receiving orthodontic treatment.
Extra Ecclesiam Nulla Salus: Lessons for Doctrinal Development Theory in Catholic Theology
Authors: Meszaros Andrew 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article examines the development of the axiom Extra Ecclesiam nulla salus with a view towards drawing certain lessons for doctrinal development theory. The article traces the axiom's development and points to some of the reasons behind it. It then draws on some key passages of John Henry Newman to explain what has been happening during this process of development. Following thereupon, it finally offers some constructive principles for applying development theory today.
What are the experiences and the perceptions of service users attending Emergency Department for a mental health crisis? A systematic review
Authors: Sacre Maya , Albert Rikke , Hoe Juanita 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHistorically, dualistic healthcare systems have resulted in limited mental healthcare provision within physical health settings, with service users reporting poor care specifically while attending emergency departments (EDs) in a mental health crisis. Modern approaches to healthcare recognize these inequalities and are moving towards integrating healthcare systems that allow more holistic and seamless experiences for service users. This mixed‐method review examines the experiences and perceptions of service users attending EDs for a mental health crisis. Systematic searches of eight databases on two platforms (EBSCO, OVID) and grey literature databases (Open Grey, Base) were conducted. Studies were systematically screened for inclusion based on predetermined eligibility criteria and quality assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Findings were tabulated and synthesized using thematic synthesis. Ten studies consisting of qualitative and mixed‐method designs were included in the review. Five overarching themes emerged from the synthesis: social constructs, service provider, service provision, effectiveness, and emotional impact. The findings from this review show that service users continue to have negative experiences in EDs due to stigmatizing attitudes and low skill in managing mental health needs, whereas more positive experiences are attributed to the availability of mental health liaison services. Tackling stigma, improving communication and staff training, providing calm environments, and addressing structural issues that promote better interagency working and reduce gaps in services are needed to improve mental health service user experience. Future research should focus on trauma‐informed approaches in EDs to improve person‐centred care for service users experiencing a mental health crisis.