bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information Inequality among Entrepreneurs in Rural China
Authors: Fan Zhenjia , Fichman Pnina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAs rural entrepreneurs in China are disadvantaged, compared to other entrepreneurs, the local and central governments provide a host of incentives to promote their success. Rural entrepreneurs are information poor and it is possible that their information behaviors differ from others, causing them to lag behind. The study aims to develop a framework of information inequality among rural entrepreneurs in China, based on the information capability approach. Grounded in thematic content analysis of 44 interviews with these entrepreneurs about their information behaviors, the study proposes a comprehensive framework for understanding information inequality among rural Chinese entrepreneurs. The framework includes two components: 1) eight major information functionings, where information inequality occurs; and 2) three factors that affect information functioning. By focusing on information functionings, and specifically effective information use, the framework allows for a more nuanced understanding of information inequality. Findings suggest that ICTs adoption is not the decisive factor in information functionings, and instead finds blurred boundaries between online and offline information functionings. As such, the study proposes to avoid technological determinism in understanding the impact of ICTs on information inequality, and instead uses social informatics lenses to account for both online and offline information functionings in this context.
Enhanced electric field sensitivity of quantum dot/rod two-photon fluorescence and its relevance for cell transmembrane voltage imaging
Authors: Jooken Stijn , de Coene Yovan , Deschaume Olivier , Zámbó Dániel , Aubert Tangi , Hens Zeger , Dorfs Dirk , Verbiest Thierry , Clays Koen , Callewaert Geert , Bartic Carmen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The optoelectronic properties of semiconductor nanoparticles make them valuable candidates for the long-term monitoring of transmembrane electric fields in excitable cells. In this work, we show that the electric field sensitivity of the fluorescence intensity of type-I and quasi-type-II quantum dots and quantum rods is enhanced under two-photon excitation compared to single-photon excitation. Based on the superior electric field sensitivity of the two-photon excited fluorescence, we demonstrate the ability of quantum dots and rods to track fast switching E-fields. These findings indicate the potential of semiconductor nanoparticles as cellular voltage probes in multiphoton imaging.
Inferior Occipital Gyrus Is Organized along Common Gradients of Spatial and Face-Part Selectivity
Authors: de Haas Benjamin , Sereno Martin I. , Schwarzkopf D. Samuel 
Published: May 2021

The ventral visual stream of the human brain is subdivided into patches with categorical stimulus preferences, like faces or scenes. However, the functional organization within these areas is less clear. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging and vertex-wise tuning models to independently probe spatial and face-part preferences in the inferior occipital gyrus (IOG) of healthy adult males and females. The majority of responses were well explained by Gaussian population tuning curves for both retinotopic location and the preferred relative position within a face. Parameter maps revealed a common gradient of spatial and face-part selectivity, with the width of tuning curves drastically increasing from posterior to anterior IOG. Tuning peaks clustered more idiosyncratically but were also correlated across maps of visual and face space. Preferences for the upper visual field went along with significantly increased coverage of the upper half of the face, matching recently discovered biases in human perception. Our findings reveal a broad range of neural face-part selectivity in IOG, ranging from narrow to “holistic.” IOG is functionally organized along this gradient, which in turn is correlated with retinotopy.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBrain imaging has revealed a lot about the large-scale organization of the human brain and visual system. For example, occipital cortex contains map-like representations of the visual field, while neurons in ventral areas cluster into patches with categorical preferences, like faces or scenes. Much less is known about the functional organization within these areas. Here, we focused on a well established face-preferring area—the inferior occipital gyrus (IOG). A novel neuroimaging paradigm allowed us to map the retinotopic and face-part tuning of many recording sites in IOG independently. We found a steep posterior–anterior gradient of decreasing face-part selectivity, which correlated with retinotopy. This suggests the functional role of ventral areas is not uniform and may follow retinotopic “protomaps.”
CHILE: CINCUENTA AÑOS DESPUÉS... NUEVAMENTE LAS GRANDES ALAMEDAS
Authors: Monge Daniel Camacho 
Published: May 2021

La opción entre la justicia y la libertad fue el gran dilema del sigloveinte. Se manifestó en confrontaciones dentro de cada estado-nación y en el enfrentamiento entre países socialistas que enarbolaron la bandera de la justicia y los capitalistas que enarbolaron la de la libertad.Hay que admitir que los cambios necesarios en pro de la justicia social provocan irremediablemente restricciones a la libertad por el simple hecho de que, para lograr justicia, es necesario disputar riqueza y poder a quienes los detentan y disfrutan, pues la libertad irrestricta,sobre todo en los procesos económicos, produce excesos de acumulación en manos de unos y explotación de grandes sectores mayoritarios. En consecuencia, un paso adelante en la justicia social significa un paso atrás en el proceso de acumulación y eso desata la respuesta de sus beneficiarios tanto más violenta cuanto más se avanza en el logro de la justicia.
A CINCUENTA AÑOS DEL TRIUNFO DE LA UNIDAD POPULAR, RECHAZO APLASTANTE DE LA CONSTITUCIÓN DE LA DICTADURA
Authors: Roitman Rosenmann Marcos 
Published: May 2021

Pocos son los acontecimientos políticos cuyo impacto perduren en la historia. En América Latina, el triunfo de la Unidad Popular en Chile, el 4 de septiembre de 1970, es uno de ellos. Un candidato marxista, Salvador Allende Gossens ganaba las elecciones presidenciales.
LA VÍA CHILENA AL SOCIALISMO, SALVADOR ALLENDE A 50 AÑOS DE LA UNIDAD POPULAR
Authors: Roitman Rosenmann Marcos 
Published: May 2021

Se cumplen 50 años del triunfo de la Unidad popular y la vía chilena al socialismo. La figura de Salvador Allende fue su máximo exponente y defensor. El triunfo electoral el 4 de septiembre de 1970 marcó un hito en los procesos de transición. Conceptualizada como vía pacífica, se caracteriza por el respeto a la institucionalidad, el desarrollo de las libertades políticas, la profundización de las libertades sociales, así como el rechazo a la violencia, entendida como la toma insurreccional del poder. La vía chilena se verá frustrada por un golpe de Estado el 11 de septiembre de 1973.
Osteosarcoma of jaw: Diagnosis and treatment challengers
Authors: Almeida Gustavo Rodrigues , Rocha Bruna Danielli Costa , Nunes Nancy Alfieri 
Published: May 2021

Introducion: Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant bone tumor most commonly found in long bones. However, in the oral cavity it mainly affects the ramus and angle of the mandible. Objetive: To present a case of osteolytic osteosarcoma of the mandible and discuss the difficulties of diagnosis and treatment. Case Report: A 22-year-old white female patient, non-smoker and non-drinker attended the stomatology service with complaints of increased volume on the right side of the mandible, exhibiting premolar and molar mobility in that area.Periapical and occlusal radiographs were performed and showed presence of radiolucent area and floating teeth, confirmed by a panoramic radiography showing involvement of the mandibular ramus. Two biopsies were performed in the region with inconclusive results for malignancy. The diagnostic hypothesis was osteosarcoma. A CT scan showed bone loss, floating teeth and involvement of areas adjacent to the tumor lesion and lymph nodes. The patient was referred to the oncology hospital and a frozen section biopsy was conclusive for osteosarcoma, with removal of the base and most of the right and left mandible ramus, followed by reconstruction with titanium plate. The tumor recurred and a new surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy were performed in an attempt to improve the clinical condition, with failure and death after four years of initial diagnosis and tumor mutation for rhabdomyosarcoma. Conclusion: Imaging and even histopathological outpatient exams were not able to promote the final diagnosis of osteosarcoma, impairing treatment and favoring recurrence and patient death. Key words: Osteosarcoma. Bone tumor. Diagnostic imaging.
Fatores Prognósticos E Gravidade De Pacientes Com Síndrome Da Imunodeficiência Adquirida Associada Com Insuficiência Respiratória Na Unidade De Terapia Intensiva
Authors: Carrias Francisco Maurílio da Silva , De Oliveira Brena Costa , Guimarães Angelo Eduardo Vasconcelos , Arrais Matheus Da Silveira , Serafim Gisella Maria Lustoza 
Published: May 2021

Introdução: A Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (SIDA) é uma doença crônica, intensamente relacionada à incidência de afecções oportunistas, como desordens pulmonares. Objetivo: Identificar o perfil clínico-epidemiológico, fatores relacionados à mortalidade e gravidade de pacientes com SIDA internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva associado à Insuficiência Respiratória (IRpA). Métodos: Estudo clínico, prospectivo, quantitativo e observacional realizado na UTI, de abril a novembro de 2017. Foram incluídos pacientes com SIDA e alguma complicação respiratória e coletados dados como: idade, sexo, diagnóstico, tempo de diagnóstico, presença de IRpA, dias de internação na UTI e condições de alta. Resultados: 32 pacientes, com média de 44,8 anos, a principal causa de internação foi a pneumocistose associada ou não à IRpA. A mortalidade foi de 68,75% durante o intervalo de 8 meses, parcialmente explicada pela gravidade deles, com média no Apache II de 23,27. Conclusão: Esse perfil segue as tendências da epidemia no Brasil: homens, adultos jovens com comprometimento respiratório, onde a maioria evoluiu com óbito.
Effect Of Body Mass Index (BMI) On The Prognosis In Lipophilic Drug Intoxication
Authors: KAÇER İlker , KÖYLÜ Ramazan , AKILLI Belgin 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of body mass index (BMI)c on the prognosis of lipophilic drug intoxication in patients who are admitted to the emergency units.
Materials and Methods: The files of the patients who presented to the emergency department with lipophilic drug poisoning between January 2014 and August 2016 were reviewed. Demographic characteristics, medications taken, complaints at the time of admission, and physical examination findings were recorded. BMI of the patients were calculated. The group was created according to their BMI. These groups were compared.
Results: 202 patients were included in the study. Among the participants, 75 (37,1%) were in the 18-24,9 BMI interval, and 127 (62,9%) were ≥25. A statistically significant difference was observed between BMI groups regarding age, active complaint, hypertension, coronary artery disease, psychiatric disease, atrial fibrillation, need for atropine, need for pralidoxime (PAM), duration of mechanical ventilation and duration of intensive care unit stay (p
Analysis of Hospitalized Geriatric Patients from an Emergency Department
Authors: YILDIRIM Harun , KAYA Murtaza , GENC Esref , KADIOĞLU Emine 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The increase in the geriatric population in industrialized countries also increases the rate at which this group utilizes emergency services. Evaluation of this patient group is not specific to a single discipline, but requires a multidisciplinary approach. Information obtained by examining emergency service use among geriatric patients can inform us of approaches to improve hospital efficiency and potentially reduce the morbidity and mortality rates.
Metarial and Method: This study investigated the retrospective records of geriatric patients who presented to emergency services during 2016 XXXTraining and Research Hospital, Turkey. Demographic characteristics, diagnoses, hospitalization rates, hospitalization according to clinics, seasonal characteristics, duration of hospital, and patient outcomes were evaluated. Study data were evaluated using the SPSS 20.00 statistical program.
Results: A total of 314.178 patients opted for emergency services during 2016, and 29.163 (9.2%) were 65 years old and older. Among these patients, 10.545 were hospitalized, of whom 4.246 (40.2%) were aged 65 years or older. The most frequently utilized hospital units were the cardiology (n = 723, 17.02%), the neurology (n = 717, 16.88%), and the chest diseases (n = 674, 15.87%).
Discussion and Conclusion : The geriatric population requires that necessary changes should be made in healthcare structures. Our study, which evaluates hospitalization rates and health status in geriatric population at a provincial which can also provide a regional level, can help in making patient admission, follow-up, and rehabilitation more comprehensive.
The seismic waves from the Port Chicago explosion*
Authors: Byerly Perry 
Published: May 2021

Summary
The records of the Port Chicago explosion alone suggest the conclusion that an averaged layering for California is 3 km. of rock of speed 5.0 km/sec. for longitudinal waves overlying a layer 11 km. thick of speed 5.6 km/sec., which in turn overlies a medium of speed 7.7 km/sec. No waves which traversed the mantle were observed. The root of the southern Sierra Nevada blocks the 7.7 km/sec. were even as it blocks the 8.0 km/sec. P normal waves.
The air wave seems definitely recorded at Berkeley and Santa Clara as wave of period 3 or 4 seconds. The differential speed between the stations was normal, 342 m/sec. There is a suggestion of a short-period (0.5 sec.) air wave at Stanford with over-all speed of 333 m/sec.
From study of the seismograms it is concluded that the energy in the earth waves was about 1016 ergs, or roughly of the order of one-thousandth of the probable energy released in the explosion.
Differential-motion seismographs*
Authors: Omer Guy C. 
Published: May 2021

summary
A group of nonpendular seismographs actuated by the phase differences at two points in the earth's crust are analyzed for their transient and their steady-state behavior. The seismographs considered are the Benioff Linear Strain seismograph, the transversely driven rod seismograph suggested by Benioff, terminated rod seismographs of a new type, and a seismograph utilizing optical interference.
Triggered telerecording seismic equipment*
Authors: Gane P. G. , Logie H. J. , Stephen J. H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Electronic equipment is described which has been designed for research into the Witwatersrand earth tremors. It enables six seismograms (originating at different sites up to 17 km. away) to be recorded side by side on a common time scale. High-speed recording is obtained by automatically triggering the (usually stationary) recorder, while the signals are “stored” for six seconds on a magnetic tape delay unit so that no part of the record is missed. Automatic magnification control is used at the transmitting end, and a method of frequency-modulating a subcarrier, appropriate for transmitting very low-frequency signals, is described. Some seismograms obtained by this means are shown.
The Evaluation of the Lighting at the Entrance of Very Long Tunnels
Authors: Mehri Ahmad , Sajedifar Javad , Abbasi Milad , Tajbakhsh Mohammad Ali , Mohammadian Farough , Salehian Tahmineh , Zakerian Seyed Abolfazl 
Published: May 2021

Background: One of the major topics related to the very long tunnels is dark hole effect. This is a common phenomenon caused by the sunlight reflected from the surroundings of the tunnel to the eyes of drivers and the lack of sufficient light at the tunnels' entrance, which decreases the contrast of barriers inside the tunnel and also makes it difficult to see potential obstacles at the entrance. The result is an increased risk of traffic accidents in these tunnels. Therefore, the aim of this research is to subjectively assessment the safe rate of lighting in one of the very long tunnels located in the province of Ilam.
Methods: To subject evaluation the safe rate of lighting at the tunnel entrances, two parameters of the average luminance of tunnel entrance and equivalent luminance are required. In this study, Luminancemeter device model S3 was used to measure the average luminance of tunnel entrance. Then, to calculate the equivalent luminance, a YASHICA108 camera with a 35 mm lens was photographed at a distance between the tunnel entrance and a safe stopping point, and then the Holliday polar diagram was used to calculate equivalent luminance (accordance with the standard CIE88-2004).
Results: In this study, the average luminance at tunnel's entrance was equal to 17 , the luminance was equal to 127.5 Using the ADRENAL equation, the quality of lightening at the tunnel entrance was less than 1.
Conclusion: Comparison of the results obtained from the healthy and safety rate of lighting levels at the tunnel's entrance with the De Boer mental scale indicated that a dark hole effect occurs at the entrance of the tunnel under investigation and the light sources installed at the entrance of this tunnel did not have the sufficient ability to inhibit the dark hole effect.
Frequency of fimH, papC, and aer in E. coli Strains Isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infection, and their Antibiotic Resistance Pattern
Authors: Abdolahzadeh Zahra , Astani Akram , Mosadegh Ahmad , Hosseini Mohammad Abadi Saeede Sadat , Vakili Mahmoud 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: E. coli is the predominant causes of urinary tract infection. Several virulence factors for bacterial infections in the urinary tract are required. In this study, we have considered several virulence factors in strains isolated from the patients with UTI in Yazd.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study in 1394-1395, 146 strains isolated were collected from the patients with urinary tract infection. After confirmation by phenotypic and genotype methods, frequency of gene fimH, pap C, aer was evaluated using specific primers by PCR method. The pattern of antibiotic resistance of isolates was determined by disk diffusion method.
Results: In the present study, the prevalence of virulence genes was fimH (87%), aer (85.6%) and papC (9.6%). Among 146 E. coli isolates, resistance rate for various antibiotics were as follows: 57.2% to Cotrimoxazole, 54.8% to Nalidixic acid, 45.9% to Cefazolin, 40.4% to Cefixime, 42.5% to Cefalotin, 41.8% to Cefalexin, 31.5% to Norfloxacin, 30.1% to Ofloxacin, 28.3% to Ciprofloxacin, 24% to Gentamicin, 19.9% to Amikacin, 1.4% to Nitrofurantoin, and 1.4% to phosphomycin. The results showed that the most and less frequent resistant was seen in Cotrimoxazole and Nitrofurantoin, phosphomycin, respectively.
Conclusion: In this study, the frequency of fimH gene was higher than other genes. In addition, according to the pattern of antibiotic resistance nitrofurantoin and phosphomycin are suitable medicines for the treatment of patients in our region.
Eksperyment Banku Światowego oraz Krajowej Administracji Skarbowej w świetle zasad prostego języka
Authors: Dominiak Daria 
Published: May 2021

W artykule przedstawiono założenia dotyczące zastosowania prostego języka (plain language) oraz ekonomii behawioralnej w komunikacji urzędowej. Zaprezentowano badanie, które miało na celu sprawdzenie, czy skuteczność ekonomii behawioralnej wykorzystanej w pismach urzędowych stworzonych na potrzeby eksperymentu Banku Światowego oraz Krajowej Administracji Skarbowej przeprowadzonego w Polsce w 2016 roku (Hernandez et al. 2017) łączy się z zasadami prostego języka. Praca ta zawiera porównanie wyników eksperymentu Banku Światowego z wynikami analizy językoznawczej (ilościowej i jakościowej) przeprowadzonej w niniejszym artykule. Autorka sprawdza, czy pisma, które Bank Światowy uznał za najbardziej skuteczne w ściągalności podatków, będą również najlepiej napisane pod względem zasad prostego języka. Postawiona w niniejszej pracy hipoteza zakłada, że pisma stworzone na potrzeby eksperymentu mają różny poziom trudności, co oznacza, że — wbrew temu, co przyjęli eksperymentatorzy — różnią się nie tylko techniką nakłaniającą (tak zwanym insightem behawioralnym), ale też stylem. Potwierdzenie tej hipotezy mogłoby rzecz jasna osłabić moc osiągniętych w eksperymencie wniosków.
Plain legal language and the basic concepts of the philosophy of law
Authors: Skwarek Jagoda 
Published: May 2021

The aim of the presented article is to demonstrate the possibility of implementing the principles of the Wrocław effective communication model in research conducted by theorists and philosophers of law as well as linguists. The author reflects on the difficulty of comprehending legal language and creating texts of normative acts in an uncomplicated manner. The “plain language” standard has been used in the Polish public sphere, which is why it is worth considering that the introduction of legal regulations would permanently change the way law is made and applied. The call for a clear language in legislation has long been voiced in legal studies. The area requires in-depth research and then perhaps specific solutions in order for plain legal language to become a standard.
Multiplexed Live-Cell Profiling with Raman probes
Authors: Chen Chen , Zhao Zhilun , Qian Naixin , Wei Shixuan , hu Fanghao , Min Wei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Single-cell multiparameter measurement has been increasingly recognized as a key technology toward systematic understanding of complex molecular and cellular functions in biological systems. Despite extensive efforts in analytical techniques, it is still generally challenging for existing methods to decipher a large number of phenotypes in a single living cell. Herein we devise a super-multiplexed Raman probe panel with sharp and mutually resolvable Raman peaks to simultaneously quantify cell surface proteins, endocytosis activities, and metabolic dynamics of an individual live cell. When coupled it to whole-cell spontaneous Raman micro-spectroscopy, we demonstrate the utility of this technique in 14-plexed live-cell profiling and phenotyping under various drug perturbations. In particular, single-cell multiparameter measurement enables powerful clustering, correlation, and network analysis with biological insights. Being the highest Raman-based multiplexing technology of biological targets so far, this profiling platform is compatible with live cell cytometry, of low instrument complexity and capable of highly multiplexed measurement in a robust and straightforward manner, thereby contributing a valuable tool for both basic single-cell biology and translation applications such as high-content cell sorting and drug discovery.