bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preservice teachers’ expressed awarenesses: emerging threads of retro-spection of learning and pro-spection of teaching
Authors: Voutsina Chronoula , Alderton Julie , Wilson Kirsty , Ineson Gwen , Donaldson Gina , Rowland Tim 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we report an enquiry into elementary preservice teachers’ learning, as they engage in doing mathematics for themselves. As a group of researchers working in elementary Initial Teacher Education in English universities, we co-planned and taught sessions on growing pattern generalisation. Following the sessions, interviews of fifteen preservice teachers at two universities focused on their expressed awareness of their approach to the mathematical activity. Preservice teachers’ prospective planning and post-teaching evaluations of similar activities in their classrooms were also examined. We draw on aspects of enactivism and the notion of reflective “spection” in the context of teacher learning, tracing threads between preservice teachers’ retro-spection of learning and pro-spection of teaching. Our analysis indicates that increasing sensitivity to their own embodied processes of generalisation offers opportunities for novice teachers to respond deliberately, rather than to react impulsively, to different pedagogical possibilities. The paper contributes a new dimension to the discussion about the focus of novice elementary school teachers’ retrospective reflection by examining how deliberate retrospective analysis of doing mathematics, and not only of teaching actions, can develop awarenesses that underlie the growth of expertise in mathematics teaching. We argue that engaging preservice teachers in mathematics to support deliberate retrospective analysis of their mathematics learning and prospective consideration of the implications for teaching can enable more critical pedagogical choices.
Disease and demographic development: the legacy of the plague
Authors: Siuda Fabian , Sunde Uwe 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper provides an empirical investigation of the hypothesis that population shocks such as the repeated outbreaks of the plague affected the timing of the demographic transition. The empirical analysis uses disaggregate data from Germany and exploits geographic variation in the exposure to medieval plague shocks. The findings document that areas with greater exposure to plague outbreaks exhibited an earlier onset of the demographic transition. The results are consistent with the predictions of the unified growth literature and provide novel insights into the largely unexplored empirical determinants of the timing of the transition from stagnation to growth.
Combined Mean-Field and Semiclassical Limits of Large Fermionic Systems
Authors: Chen Li , Lee Jinyeop , Liew Matthew 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe study the time dependent Schrödinger equation for large spinless fermions with the semiclassical scale $$\hbar = N^{-1/3}$$

ħ
=

N

-
1
/
3

in three dimensions. By using the Husimi measure defined by coherent states, we rewrite the Schrödinger equation into a BBGKY type of hierarchy for the k particle Husimi measure. Further estimates are derived to obtain the weak compactness of the Husimi measure, and in addition uniform estimates for the remainder terms in the hierarchy are derived in order to show that in the semiclassical regime the weak limit of the Husimi measure is exactly the solution of the Vlasov equation.
A construal-level approach to hedonic and utilitarian shopping orientation
Authors: Scarpi Daniele 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSeveral studies in consumer behavior have focused on consumers’ shopping orientation in terms of hedonic and utilitarian shopping. The present research advances a different perspective examining hedonic and utilitarian shopping orientations with the theoretical lenses of construal-level theory. Results from two studies indicate that hedonism relates to higher and utilitarianism to lower construal levels (Study 1). Consequently, individuals tend to prefer desirability-related options when shopping hedonically, and feasibility-related options when shopping in a utilitarian way (Study 2). The findings further show a moderating effect of construal level on the relationship between shopping orientation and choice, consistent with construal-level theory.
Matroid connectivity and singularities of configuration hypersurfaces
Authors: Denham Graham , Schulze Mathias , Walther Uli 
Published: January 2021

AbstractConsider a linear realization of a matroid over a field. One associates with it a configuration polynomial and a symmetric bilinear form with linear homogeneous coefficients. The corresponding configuration hypersurface and its non-smooth locus support the respective first and second degeneracy scheme of the bilinear form. We show that these schemes are reduced and describe the effect of matroid connectivity: for (2-)connected matroids, the configuration hypersurface is integral, and the second degeneracy scheme is reduced Cohen–Macaulay of codimension 3. If the matroid is 3-connected, then also the second degeneracy scheme is integral. In the process, we describe the behavior of configuration polynomials, forms and schemes with respect to various matroid constructions.
Flavonoids improve drought tolerance of maize seedlings by regulating the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species
Authors: Li Baozhu , Fan Ruonan , Sun Guiling , Sun Ting , Fan Yanting , Bai Shenglong , Guo Siyi , Huang Shiquan , Liu Jiong , Zhang Hui , Wang Pengtao , Zhu Xiaohong , Song Chun-peng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background and aims
As drought threatens the yield and quality of maize (Zea mays L.), it is important to dissect the molecular basis of maize drought tolerance. Flavonoids, participate in the scavenging of oxygen free radicals and alleviate stress-induced oxidative damages. This study aims to dissect the function of flavonoids in the improvement of maize drought tolerance.

Methods
Using far-infrared imaging screening, we previously isolated a drought overly insensitivity (doi) mutant from an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized maize library and designated it as doi57. In this study, we performed a physiological characterization and transcriptome profiling of doi57 in comparison to corresponding wild-type B73 under drought stress.

Results
Under drought stress, doi57 seedlings displayed lower leaf-surface temperature (LST), faster water loss, and better performance in growth than B73. Transcriptome analysis reveals that key genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis are enriched among differentially expressed genes in doi57. In line with these results, more flavonols and less hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were accumulated in guard cells of doi57 than in those of B73 with the decrease of soil water content (SWC). Moreover, the capacity determined from doi57 seedling extracts to scavenge oxygen free radicals was more effective than that of B73 under the drought treatment. Additionally, doi57 seedlings had higher photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance, transpiration rates, and water use efficiency than B73 exposed to drought stress, resulting in high biomass and greater root/shoot ratios in doi57 mutant plants.

Conclusion
Flavonoids may facilitate maize seedling drought tolerance by lowering drought-induced oxidative damage as well regulating stomatal movement.
The determinants of bootstrap financing in crises: evidence from entrepreneurial ventures in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Block Joern H. , Fisch Christian , Hirschmann Mirko 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBootstrap financing refers to measures that entrepreneurial ventures undertake to preserve liquidity (e.g., reducing expenses, collecting receivables, delaying payments, preselling). Prior research shows that bootstrap financing is an important enabler for the growth of resource-constrained early-stage ventures. However, little is known about the use of bootstrap financing in crises, during which the preservation of liquidity is particularly salient. We investigate the determinants of bootstrap financing in the 2020 COVID-19 crisis using a sample of 17,046 German entrepreneurial ventures. We formulate hypotheses about the determinants of bootstrap financing from a necessity, human capital, and opportunity cost perspective. Among others, our results show that the severity of the crisis for the venture, the level of private consumption, and self-employment experience are positively associated with an increased use of bootstrap financing measures. Our study contributes to the literature on bootstrap financing and illuminates how entrepreneurial ventures maintain liquidity in crises.Plain English SummaryEconomic downturns or crises often lead to financial distress for ventures. To survive such tumultuous times, ventures need to preserve their liquidity. Bootstrap financing refers to measures that entrepreneurial ventures take to preserve liquidity (like sending payment reminders, paying invoices later, reducing tax advances, reducing commercial rent). Because little is known about how bootstrap financing is used during crises, we investigate how it was used during the COVID-19 crisis. Our study builds on a survey of 17,046 German entrepreneurial ventures and self-employed individuals. We find that the use of bootstrap financing is positively related to how severe the crisis was for the venture along with the level of private consumption and self-employment experience of the venture’s owner. In contrast, a negative association exists with private liquidity, business liquidity, how long before the owner retires, and part-time self-employment. The positive association between self-employment experience and bootstrap financing indicates that targeted entrepreneurship education programs or webinars should focus on inexperienced entrepreneurs so that these individuals are prepared to use bootstrapping methods to maintain liquidity during crises.
Determinants of financing constraints
Authors: Santos Anabela , Cincera Michele 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUsing a recursive bivariate probit model and survey data covering the period 2014–2018, the present paper aims to assess which factors in the financial market (supply side) have a higher impact on firms’ likelihood to be financially constrained. The results show that after controlling for potential endogenous bias due to unobservable firm characteristics, being an innovative firm increases the probability of being financially constrained between 21 and 32%. The nature of the innovation strategy also seems to influence the severity of financing constraints. For financially constrained firms, the main factors that limit future financing for growth ambitions are the lack of collateral, bureaucracy, and too high a price. Findings also indicate that measures to facilitate equity investments and making existing public measures easier are the most important factors for future financing while tax incentives only play a minor role.
How Self-Rated is Self-Rated Health? Exploring the Role of Individual and Institutional Factors in Reporting Heterogeneity in Russia
Authors: Baidin Valerii , Gerry Christopher J. , Kaneva Maria 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn recent years the literature exploring the state dependent nature of individual self-rated health has grown rapidly. We contribute to this ‘reporting heterogeneity’ research field in two main ways. First, we are among the few studies to examine the determinants of reporting heterogeneity in self-rated health in the Russian context. Second, echoing the social determinants of health literature, we augment the standard battery of individual level socioeconomic and demographic characteristics with aggregated macro level variables serving as proxies for local environmental and social conditions. We are not aware of other heterogeneity studies that have incorporated this approach. Estimating a generalized ordered probit model we resolve the identification problem through the inclusion of an objective disease index. In terms of reporting heterogeneity, we find that response behaviour is systematically influenced by individual characteristics but also by aggregate regional socioeconomic characteristics. In particular, the finding that an individual’s relative standing in their local economy can condition their response to subjective health questionnaires is important and merits further examination. We argue that both a relative income mechanism and a mechanism that links the cognitive process of choice with the sense of optimism that individuals have for their institutional environment are plausible explanations for the observed aggregate level effects.
GC-MS/MS analysis of metabolites derived from a single human blastocyst
Authors: Inoue Naomi , Nishida Yoshihiro , Harada Emi , Sakai Kumiko , Narahara Hisashi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction
The field of assisted reproductive technology (ART) has significantly advanced; however, morphological evaluation remains as the chosen method of assessment of embryo quality.

Objective
We aimed to examine metabolic changes in embryo culture medium to develop a non-invasive method for evaluation of embryo quality.

Methods
We performed metabolic analysis of culture medium obtained from a single blastocyst cultured for freezing.

Results
In total, 187 (39.8%) of the 469 detectable organic acid metabolites were identified. A significant change (p < 0.05) was observed in eight metabolites between the good-quality and poor-quality embryo groups. Differences were observed in several metabolic pathways between the good-quality and poor-quality embryo groups. Metabolites that showed significant changes were primarily involved in the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids.

Conclusion
The quantification of metabolism in human embryos may assist in identification and selection of good-quality embryos with high rates of survival before freezing and implantation in conjunction with morphological classification. This may help to identify embryos with high rates of survival.
The use of pesticides in Polish agriculture after integrated pest management (IPM) implementation
Authors: Piwowar Arkadiusz 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe aim of the conducted study was to characterize the attitudes and practices of Polish farmers in the area of performing chemical plant protection treatments. A particular attention was paid to identifying the relationship between the direction of changes in the volume of chemical plant protection product consumption and selected attributes of farms. The main time range of the analyses covered the period of 2013–2017. Statistical data and results of representative surveys carried out on a sample of 1101 farms in Poland were used in the research process. Due to the large number of variants of the analysed variables, a multiple correspondence analysis was used, which made it possible to determine the correlation between the examined features (direction of changes in pesticide use relative to the farm area, economic size of the farm and location of the farm). Statistical analysis showed the existence of strong relationships between the physical (1) and economic (2) size of farms and the direction of changes in pesticide consumption ((1) φ2 = 0.0907; (2) φ2 = 0.1141)). According to empirical studies, the reduction of pesticide consumption took place mainly on the smallest farms. The implementation of the integrated plant protection directive has not resulted in significant changes in the form of reduced pesticide use in large-scale field crops. This raises the need to modify the strategy and model of crop protection in large-scale field crops in Poland.
Do emerging ecosystems and individual capitals matter in entrepreneurial re-entry’ quality and speed?
Authors: Guerrero Maribel , Espinoza-Benavides Jorge 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study analyses the influence of environmental and individual conditions on the quality and the speed of entrepreneurial re-entries in emerging economies after a business failure. We propose a conceptual framework supported by the institutional economic theory to study the influence of environmental conditions; and human and social capital to study the influence of individuals’ skills, experiences, and relationships. A retrospective multiple case study analysis was designed to test our conceptual model by capturing longitudinal information on occurred events, trajectory, and determinants of twenty re-entrepreneurs. Our results show that the entrepreneurial experience and type of venture influence the accelerating effect of re-entrepreneurship, as well as how environmental conditions moderate the quality and speed of entrepreneurial re-entries. We provoke a discussion and implications for multiple actors involved in the re-entry of entrepreneurs after a business failure.
Diagnostic Criteria for Gastro-esophageal Reflux Following Sleeve Gastrectomy
Authors: Lim Gillian , Johari Yazmin , Ooi Geraldine , Playfair Julie , Laurie Cheryl , Hebbard Geoffrey , Brown Wendy , Burton Paul 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) post-sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is a controversial issue and diagnostic dilemma. Strong heterogeneity exists in the assessment of reflux post-SG, and better diagnostic tools are needed to characterize symptomatic reflux. We aimed to determine the discriminant factors of symptomatic reflux and establish diagnostic thresholds for GERD following SG.

Materials and Methods
Patients post-SG were categorized into asymptomatic and symptomatic cohorts and completed validated symptom questionnaires. All patients underwent stationary esophageal manometry and 24-h ambulatory pH monitoring. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the strongest discriminant factors for GERD.

Results
Baseline characteristics of the asymptomatic cohort (n = 48) and symptomatic cohort (n = 76) were comparable. The median post-operative duration was 7.3 (14.1) vs 7.5 (10.7) months (p = 0.825). The symptomatic cohort was more female predominant (90.8 vs 72.9%, p = 0.008). Reflux scores were significantly higher in the symptomatic group (36.0 vs 10.5, p = 0.003). Stationary manometry parameters were similar, including hiatus hernia prevalence and impaired esophageal motility. The symptomatic cohort had significantly higher total acid exposure, especially while supine (11.3% vs 0.6%, p < 0.001). Univariate and multivariate regressions delineated reflux score and supine acid exposure as discriminant factors for symptomatic reflux. The thresholds for distinguishing symptomatic reflux are as follows: reflux score of 11.5 (sensitivity 84.0%, specificity 68.2%) and supine acid exposure of 2.65% (sensitivity 67.1%, specificity 70.8%).

Conclusion
A reflux score of 11.5 or more or supine acid exposure of 2.65% or more should be considered diagnostic in defining symptomatic reflux following SG.
Contribution of the requirements engineering to the evaluation of water resources systems efficiency
Authors: Rouissat Bouchrit , Bekkouche Abdelmalek , Smail Nadia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the water resources sector, the need to adopt a new way of thinking based on a systemic approach and analysis is justified by several situations: very complex constraints that accompany the development of the sector, functional interactions between various planned developments and the multitude of actors and stakeholders involved. System engineering is a general methodological approach that encompasses all the appropriate activities to design, evolve and verify a system providing an economical and efficient solution to the needs of customers while satisfying the whole of stakeholders. Based on these concepts of size, the purpose of this paper is to apply the principles of systems engineering for the exploration and evaluation of Boughrara water resources system performance. This system located in the north-west of Algeria involves subsystems in constant interaction, namely mobilization, treatment, purification and transfer of water. Its performance takes into account a number of parameters: compliance with customer satisfaction objectives, system constraints, stakeholder role and responsibility for achieving system-wide objectives, and not relationship with sectors of activity.
Recent increase in European forest harvests as based on area estimates (Ceccherini et al. 2020a) not confirmed in the French case
Authors: Picard Nicolas , Leban Jean-Michel , Guehl Jean-Marc , Dreyer Erwin , Bouriaud Olivier , Bontemps Jean-Daniel , Landmann Guy , Colin Antoine , Peyron Jean-Luc , Marty Pascal 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

• Key message

A recent paper by Ceccherini et al.(2020a) reported an abrupt increase of 30% in the French harvested forest area in 2016–2018 compared to 2004–2015. A re-analysis of their data rather led us to conclude that, when accounting for the singular effect of storm Klaus, the rate of change in harvested area depended on the change year used to separate the two periods to compare. Moreover, the comparison with data on harvested volumes from different sources brought contrasted results depending on the source. Therefore, it cannot be concluded that wood harvest increased in France in 2016–2018 compared to 2004–2015. The discrepancy between Ceccherini et al.’s data and other data on harvested volumes points out the difficulty of reconciling different approaches to estimate wood harvest at a country level.
Much More Than Tribute: The Foreign Policy Instruments of the Ming Empire
Authors: Kuhn Felix 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Ming Empire entertained relations with countries all across Asia and beyond. To deal with these many different polities, Ming China relied on a range of foreign policy instruments, among them the granting of special trading rights, the dissemination of cultural objects, and the use of military threats. This article puts the spotlight on the diversity of these foreign policy means. Building on the literature, it takes as its purview all relations that the Ming Empire entertained with foreign polities, exploring the many means that the Ming employed to further their interests. It does so by classifying the instruments into four categories—economic, diplomatic, cultural, and military—showing that the Ming made full use of instruments belonging to each of them.