bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell lines of the same anatomic site and histologic type show large variability in intrinsic radiosensitivity and relative biological effectiveness to protons and carbon ions
Authors: Flint David B. , Bright Scott J. , McFadden Conor H. , Konishi Teruaki , Ohsawa Daisuke , Turner Broderick , Lin Steven H. , Grosshans David R. , Chiu Hua‐Sheng , Sumazin Pavel , Shaitelman Simona F. , Sawakuchi Gabriel O. 
Published: April 2021

PurposeTo show that intrinsic radiosensitivity varies greatly for protons and carbon (C) ions in addition to photons, and that DNA repair capacity remains important in governing this variability.MethodsWe measured or obtained from the literature clonogenic survival data for a number of human cancer cell lines exposed to photons, protons (9.9 keV/μm), and C‐ions (13.3–77.1 keV/μm). We characterized their intrinsic radiosensitivity by the dose for 10% or 50% survival (D10% or D50%), and quantified the variability at each radiation quality by the coefficient of variation (COV) in D10% and D50%. We also treated cells with DNA repair inhibitors prior to irradiation to assess how DNA repair capacity affects their variability.ResultsWe found no statistically significant differences in the COVs of D10% or D50% between any of the radiation qualities investigated. The same was true regardless of whether the cells were treated with DNA repair inhibitors, or whether they were stratified into histologic subsets. Even within histologic subsets, we found remarkable differences in radiosensitivity for high LET C‐ions that were often greater than the variations in RBE, with brain cancer cells varying in D10% (D50%) up to 100% (131%) for 77.1 keV/μm C‐ions, and non‐small cell lung cancer and pancreatic cancer cell lines varying up to 55% (76%) and 51% (78%), respectively, for 60.5 keV/μm C‐ions. The cell lines with modulated DNA repair capacity had greater variability in intrinsic radiosensitivity across all radiation qualities.ConclusionsEven for cell lines of the same histologic type, there are remarkable variations in intrinsic radiosensitivity, and these variations do not differ significantly between photon, proton or C‐ion radiation. The importance of DNA repair capacity in governing the variability in intrinsic radiosensitivity is not significantly diminished for higher LET radiation.
Effect of inhaled oxygen concentration on 129Xe chemical shift of red blood cells in rat lungs
Authors: Friedlander Yonni , Zanette Brandon , Lindenmaier Andras A. , Fliss Jordan , Li Daniel , Emami Kiarash , Jankov Robert P. , Kassner Andrea , Santyr Giles 
Published: April 2021

PurposeTo investigate the dependence of dissolved 129Xe chemical shift on the fraction of inhaled oxygen, FiO2, in the lungs of healthy rats.MethodsThe chemical shifts of 129Xe dissolved in red blood cells, δRBC, and blood plasma and/or tissue, δPlasma, were measured using MRS in 12 Sprague Dawley rats mechanically ventilated at FiO2 values of 0.14, 0.19, and 0.22. Regional effects on the chemical shifts were controlled using a chemical shift saturation recovery sequence with a fixed delay time. MRS was also performed at an FiCO2 value of 0.085 to investigate the potential effect of the vascular response on δRBC and δPlasma.ResultsδRBC increased with decreasing FiO2 (P = .0002), and δPlasma showed no dependence on FiO2 (P = .23). δRBC at FiCO2 = 0 (210.7 ppm ± 0.1) and at FiCO2 = 0.085 (210.6 ppm ± 0.2) were not significantly different (P = .67). δPlasma at FiCO2 = 0 (196.9 ppm ± 0.3) and at FiCO2 = 0.085 (197.0 ppm ± 0.1) were also not significantly different (P = .81).ConclusionRat lung δRBC showed an inverse relationship to FiO2, opposite to the relationship previously demonstrated for in vitro human blood. Rat lung δRBC did not depend on FiCO2.
Effects of tamoxifen on cognition and language in women with breast cancer: A systematic search and a scoping review
Authors: Jebahi Fatima , Sharma Saryu , Bloss Jamie E. , Wright Heather H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveBreast cancer treatments bring adverse consequences that interfere with everyday functioning. Importantly, some of these treatments are associated with cognitive and language changes. Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator and is a common endocrine therapy treatment for breast cancer. The current review examines the specific domains of cognition and language affected by the use of tamoxifen in women with breast cancer.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search that examined cognitive and/or language functions in chemotherapy‐naïve women with breast cancer taking tamoxifen. PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL Complete, PsycINFO, Scopus, EMBASE, and the Grey Literature Report (greylit.org) were searched. Covidence Systematic Review software (covidence.org) was used to manage the screening process of study titles and abstracts as well as full texts. A total of 17 studies were included in the review.ResultsA range of cognitive and language domains were reported. These were grouped into seven broad domains: attention, memory, speed, executive functioning, verbal abilities, visual abilities, and language abilities. Results showed that there is compelling evidence that specific domains of memory and speed are negatively affected by the use of tamoxifen. In addition, there was a pattern of change in domains of executive functions and verbal abilities.ConclusionsTamoxifen affects specific cognitive and language domains. Language domains beyond semantics have not been studied and thus conclusions related to these domains, and language in general, could not be made. Studies exploring the effects of tamoxifen on the different domains of language are recommended.
Identification of ABCG transporter genes associated with chlorantraniliprole resistance in Plutella xylostella (L.)
Authors: Shan Jinqiong , Sun Xi , Li Ran , Zhu Bin , Liang Pei , Gao Xiwu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlutella xylostella (L.) is a serious worldwide pest that feeds on cruciferous plants and has evolved resistance to different classes of insecticides used for its control, including chlorantraniliprole. ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters, constituting the largest transport family in organisms, are involved in phase III of the detoxification process and may play important roles in insecticide resistance.RESULTSA total of 15 ABC transporter transcripts from subfamily G were identified in P. xylostella based on the latest DBM genome. Synergism studies showed that treatment with verapamil, a potent inhibitor of ABC transporters, significantly increased the toxicity of chlorantraniliprole against larvae of two chlorantraniliprole‐resistant P. xylostella populations (NIL and BL). ABCG2, ABCG5, ABCG6, ABCG9, ABCG11, ABCG14 and ABCG15 were significantly overexpressed in NIL and BL compared with the susceptible population (SS), and ABCG1, ABCG6, ABCG8, ABCG9, ABCG14 and ABCG15 were significantly upregulated after treatment with the LC50 of chlorantraniliprole in SS. Subsequently, ABCG6, ABCG9 and ABCG14, which were overexpressed in both NIL and BL and could be induced in SS, were chosen for functional study. RNAi‐mediated knockdown of each of the three ABCGs significantly increased the sensitivity of larvae to chlorantraniliprole. These results confirmed that overexpression of ABCG6, ABCG9 and ABCG14 may contribute to chlorantraniliprole resistance in P. xylostella.CONCLUSIONOverexpression of some genes in the ABCG subfamily is involved in P. xylostella resistance to chlorantraniliprole. These results may help to establish a foundation for further studies investigating the role played by ABC transporters in chlorantraniliprole resistance in P. xylostella or other insect pests. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Zoxamide accumulation and retention evaluation after nanosuspension technology application in tomato plant
Authors: Corrias Francesco , Melis Anna , Atzei Alessandro , Marceddu Salvatore , Dedola Fabrizio , Sirigu Antonella , Pireddu Rosa , Lai Francesco , Angioni Alberto 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDLow water solubility of pesticide requires formulations with high levels of stabilizers and organic solvents. Moreover, only 0.1% of the applied pesticides formulation reaches the target, while 99.9% spreads in the surrounding environment. Therefore, there is the need for more efficient and environmentally sustainable alternatives.RESULTSZoxamide (ZO) nanosuspension was prepared through a media milling technique by using the stabilizer polysorbate 80. The thin and acicular crystals obtained, showed particle size of 227 nm, polydispersion index of 0.247 and zeta potential of −28 mV. Dimensional data and morphology of ZO nanocrystals alone, on tomato leaves and berries, were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The reduction in size for ZO crystals obtained after the milling process increased pesticide water solubility till 39.6 mg L−1, about 1.6 the solubility obtained with a conventional commercial formulation. Field and dip contamination trials performed on tomato plants showed the nanosuspension's ability to increase ZO deposition and accumulation versus a coarse ZO suspension and commercial formulation, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThe nanoformulation proposed, resulted in low cost and was easy to make. Moreover, the organic solvent‐free composition together with a low surfactant addition assured a minor environmental impact. Finally, the increased retention and deposition of the fungicide can reduce the amounts of ZO formulation applied to tomatoes. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Synthesis and biological activity of novel Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐one derivatives as potent antifungal agent
Authors: Wang Wei , Cheng Xiang , Cui Xue , Xia Dongguo , Wang Ziqing , Lv Xianhai 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo promote the discovery and development of new fungicide with novel scaffolds or modes of action, a series of novel 5‐(2‐chloroethyl)‐1‐phenyl‐6‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐1,5‐dihydro‐4H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐one derivatives were synthesized, and evaluated for their antifungal activities.RESULTSThe bioassay data showed that compound 8IIId (EC50 = 1.93 mg L−1) is superior to boscalid (EC50 = 6.71 mg L−1) against Valsa mali. We introduced chiral groups on the structure of 8IIId, and two chiral configurations were respectively synthesized, which are 8Vc and 8Vd. Surprisingly, 8Vc showed significant antifungal activities against Valsa mali and Physalospora piricola with EC50 values of 0.22 and 0.55 mg L−1. Physiological and biochemical studies showed that the primary action mechanism of compound 8Vc on Valsa mali may involve changing mycelial morphology and increasing cell membrane permeability.CONCLUSIONThese results demonstrated that 8Vc could be further modified as fungicide and provided a valuable reference for antifungal agents with pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐one skeleton. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Performance matching between the surface structure of cucumber powdery mildew in different growth stages and the properties of surfactant solution
Authors: He Lifei , Ding Lei , Waterhouse Geoffrey I N , Li Beixing , Liu Feng , Li Peiqiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDUnderstanding performance matching of pesticide droplets on the surface of cucumber leaves modified by powdery mildew is of practical importance for the agricultural sector. Here, the surface texture and wettability of cucumber leaves covered by powdery mildew were systematically examined using parameters such as micromorphology, physicochemical properties, and liquid droplet contact angle measurements.RESULTSOur results show that powdery mildew growth can be divided into four distinct stages according to the surface texture characteristics of the diseased cucumber leaves. The three‐dimensional (3D) surface structures of powdery mildew layers on cucumber leaves had individual characteristics at different mildew growth stages, among which powdery mildew was more easily spread in the last growth stage, and powdery mildew height was greatest in the NO. 2 growth stage (Sa = 425.35 μm). Surface free energy values, static contact angle, and contact angle hysteresis all correlated strongly with the surface characteristics of powdery mildew layers at different growth stages. When the concentration of surfactant reached the critical micelle concentration, the wetting state of AEO‐5 solution droplets on the surface of cucumber powdery mildew leaves reached the Wenzel state more easily. The wettability of a droplet on the leaf surface depends on the state of the monomer and micelle in the surfactant solution and the surface characteristics of the powdery mildew‐covered leaf.CONCLUSIONThe 3D structure and relative dielectric constant of powdery mildew‐covered leaves influenced surface texture characteristics, which in turn controlled the wetting and matching ability of surfactant droplets on diseased leaves. This work provides valuable new insights into the matching of the structure of powdery mildew‐covered plant leaves with the properties of surfactant solutions. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
An Antibacterial Nanorobotic Approach for the Specific Targeting and Removal of Multiple Drug‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Batool Nayab , Yoon Seokyoung , Imdad Saba , Kong Minsuk , Kim Hun , Ryu Sangryeol , Lee Jung Heon , Chaurasia Akhilesh Kumar , Kim Kyeong Kyu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMethicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes diseases ranging from skin infections to lethal sepsis and has become a serious threat to human health due to multiple‐drug resistance (MDR). Therefore, a resistance‐free antibacterial therapy is necessary to overcome MDR MRSA infections. In this study, an antibacterial nanorobot (Ab‐nanobot) is developed wherein a cell wall‐binding domain (CBD)‐endolysin, acting as a sensor, is covalently conjugated with an actuator consisting of an iron oxide/silica core–shell. The CBD‐endolysin sensor shows an excellent specificity to detect, bind, and accumulate on the S. aureus USA300 cell surface even in a bacterial consortium, and in host cell infections. Ab‐nanobot specifically captures and kills MRSA in response to medically approved radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic stimulation (EMS) signal. When Ab‐nanobot receives the RF‐EMS signal on the cell surface, actuator induces cell death in MRSA with 99.999% removal within 20 min by cell‐wall damage via generation of localized heat and reactive oxygen species. The in vivo efficacy of Ab‐nanobot is proven using a mice subcutaneous skin infection model. Collectively, this study offers a nanomedical resistance‐free strategy to overcome MDR MRSA infections by providing a highly specific nanorobot for S. aureus.
Bevel Structure Based XPS Analysis as a Non‐Destructive Chemical Probe for Complex Interfacial Structures of Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Yun Dong‐Jin , Lee Seunghyup , Kim Seong Heon , Jung Changhoon , Kim Yong Su , Chung Jae Gwan , Heo Sung , Kwon Young‐Nam , Lee Eunha , Kim Ji‐Seon , Ko Dong‐Su , Kim Se Yun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe bevel structure of organic multilayers produced by finely controlled Ar gas cluster ion beam sputtering preserves both the molecular distribution and chemical states. Nevertheless, there is still an important question of whether this method can be applicable to organic multilayer structures composed of complex or ambiguous interfaces used in real organic optoelectronic devices. Herein, various bevel structures are fabricated from different types of organic semiconductors using a solution‐based deposition technique: complicatedly intermixed electron‐donor and electron‐acceptor bulk heterojunction structure, thin film structure with an internal donor‐acceptor concentration gradient, and multi‐layered structure with more than three layers. For these organic material combinations listed above, the bevel structure is fabricated with finely tuned Ar gas cluster ion beam sputtering. The location‐dependent X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results obtained for each bevel structure exactly correspond to the XPS depth profiles. This result demonstrates that the bevel structure analysis is a powerful method to distinguish subtle differences in chemical component distributions and chemical states of organic semiconductors even with complex or ambiguous interfaces. Ultimately, due to its reliability as verified by this study, the proposed bevel structure analysis is expected to greatly expand other analytical techniques with a limited spatial or depth resolution.
Local bond behavior of bundled bars: Experimental investigation
Authors: Metelli Giovanni , Cairns John , Conforti Antonio , Plizzari Giovanni A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe use of bundled bars in highly loaded concrete members instead of individual bars can reduce or even avoid reinforcement congestion, allowing easier placing and compaction of concrete, since bundles (with two or more side‐by‐side bars) are less obstructive to fresh‐concrete flow. However, there is still a lack in knowledge of the fundamental phenomena related to the bond behavior of bars in bundles. Therefore, design code rules for anchorages and splices differ significantly among International Standards (Eurocode 2, fib Model Code 2010, and ACI 318–19). The present paper reports the results of more than 100 pullout tests with short embedded length with the aim of comparing the local bond behavior of bundles with that of corresponding notional individual bars. Among the three criteria usually introduced to compare bundled and individual bars, based on the concepts of “equivalent sectional area,” and “minimum or maximum sectional perimeter,” the first and the second are introduced in this paper. Experimental results show that both criteria are suitable methods for evaluating the bearing capacity of bundled bar anchorages, even if equivalent area criterion seems to be slightly more conservative. The experimental results provide also information on the bursting forces generated by the wedge action of the ribs which clearly increases with bar diameter. Finally, experimental results are compared with design rules for anchorage strength of bundled bars as prescribed by fib‐Model Code 2010.
Improving antibacterial, biocompatible, and reusable properties of polyvinyl chloride via the addition of aluminum alkoxides
Authors: Zhang Manqi , Li Degang , Dong Tianbao , Hou Xiaoxiao , Zhang Xiao , Liu Hongliang , Liu Lihong , Tang Shouyu , Liu Shaomin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGlobal bacterial infections associated with conventional polyvinyl chloride (PVC) medical devices place a heavy burden on healthcare systems and thus it will be desirable if medical devices are made from antimicrobial PVC. There are numerous studies focusing on polymer surface modifications to either leach antimicrobial agents or kill pathogenic microbes upon direct contact. In this work, mannitol fumarate ester‐based aluminum metal alkoxide (MFE‐Al) additive was developed to confer simultaneously improved antibacterial property and enhanced high temperature sterilization resistance of the resultant PVC. Data obtained confirm that the MFE‐Al stabilized PVC sheets significantly inhibit 98% bacterial growth. They also show biocompatibility with cultured H9C2 cardiomyocytes and hemocompatibility in vitro. Dry heat sterilization is generally not suitable for PVC medical wares due to their poor thermal compatibility. Surprisingly, our antimicrobial‐biocompatible PVC can maintain stability at 180°C for 90 min. Such a high thermal stability indicates the MFE‐Al stabilized PVC can endure 90 cycles of dry‐heat sterilization without significant damage. This study may provide a solution to reduce PVC medical waste for a maximum benefit without compromising human health or the environment.
Non-Riemannian isometries from double field theory
Authors: Blair Chris D. A. , Oling Gerben , Park Jeong-Hyuck 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We explore the notion of isometries in non-Riemannian geometries. Such geometries include and generalise the backgrounds of non-relativistic string theory, and they can be naturally described using the formalism of double field theory. Adopting this approach, we first solve the corresponding Killing equations for constant flat non-Riemannian backgrounds and show that they admit an infinite-dimensional algebra of isometries which includes a particular type of supertranslations. These symmetries correspond to known worldsheet Noether symmetries of the Gomis-Ooguri non-relativistic string, which we now interpret as isometries of its non-Riemannian doubled background. We further consider the extension to supersymmetric double field theory and show that the corresponding Killing spinors can depend arbitrarily on the non-Riemannian directions, leading to “supersupersymmetries” that square to supertranslations.
AdS superprojectors
Authors: Buchbinder E. I. , Hutchings D. , Kuzenko S. M. , Ponds M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Within the framework of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 anti-de Sitter (AdS) supersymmetry in four dimensions, we derive superspin projection operators (or superprojectors). For a tensor superfield $$ {\mathfrak{V}}_{\alpha (m)\overset{\cdot }{\alpha }(n)}:= {\mathfrak{V}}_{\left(\alpha 1\dots \alpha m\right)\left({\overset{\cdot }{\alpha}}_1\dots {\overset{\cdot }{\alpha}}_n\right)} $$

V

α

m

α
⋅

n

≔

V

α
1
…
αm

α
⋅

1

…

α
⋅

n

on AdS superspace, with m and n non-negative integers, the corresponding superprojector turns $$ {\mathfrak{V}}_{\alpha (m)\overset{\cdot }{\alpha }(n)} $$

V

α

m

α
⋅

n

into a multiplet with the properties of a conserved conformal supercurrent. It is demonstrated that the poles of such superprojectors correspond to (partially) massless multiplets, and the associated gauge transformations are derived. We give a systematic discussion of how to realise the unitary and the partially massless representations of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 AdS4 superalgebra $$ \mathfrak{osp} $$
osp
(1|4) in terms of on-shell superfields. As an example, we present an off-shell model for the massive gravitino multiplet in AdS4. We also prove that the gauge-invariant actions for superconformal higher-spin multiplets factorise into products of minimal second-order differential operators.
Discovery potential of FASERν with contained vertex and through-going events
Authors: Bakhti Pouya , Farzan Yasaman , Pascoli Silvia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
FASERν is a newly proposed detector whose main mission is to detect the neutrino flux from the collision of the proton beams at the ATLAS Interaction Point (IP) during the run III of the LHC in 2022–2024. We show that this detector can also test certain beyond standard model scenarios, especially the ones in which the neutrino interaction with matter fields can produce new unstable particles decaying back into charged leptons. Models of this kind are motivated by the MiniBooNE anomaly. We show that, if the new physics involves multi-muon production by neutrinos scattering off matter fields, including the neutrino flux interactions in the rock before the detector in the analysis (i.e., accounting for the through-going muon pairs) can significantly increase the effective detector mass and its sensitivity to new physics. We propose a concrete model that can give rise to such a multi-muon signal.