bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cricopharyngeal Myotomy in Inclusion Body Myositis: Comparison of Endoscopic and Transcervical Approaches
Authors: McMillan Ryan A. , Bowen Andrew J. , Bayan Semirra L. , Kasperbauer Jan L. , Ekbom Dale C. 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveInclusion body myositis (IBM) is a progressive inflammatory myopathy with dysphagia as a debilitating sequalae. Otolaryngologists are consulted for surgical candidacy when there are findings of cricopharyngeal dysfunction. We aim to compare transcervical cricopharyngeal myotomy (TCPM) versus endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomy (ECPM) in the IBM population with particular focus on objective swallow study outcomes, complications, and recurrence rates.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed on IBM patients who underwent TCPM or ECPM (1981–2020) in the Department of Otolaryngology at a tertiary academic center with a high volume IBM referral base. Videofluoroscopic swallow studies, Eating Assessment Tool (EAT‐10), Reflux Symptom Index (RSI), and Functional Outcome Swallowing Scale (FOSS) were collected at preoperative and follow‐up visits. Baseline patient characteristics, intraoperative data, and postoperative course were recorded.ResultsForty‐one patients were identified (18 TCPM; 23 ECPM). There was no significant difference in the recurrence rates, complications, hospitalization length, operative time, or return to preoperative diet between approaches. For the 12 patients (11 ECPM; 1 TCPM) that had subjective swallow data, there was a statistically significant difference in the pre and postoperative scores for EAT‐10, RSI, and FOSS (P < .05). There was a statistically significant improvement in the degree of narrowing between pre and postoperative imaging for both approaches (P < .05).ConclusionBoth TCPM and ECPM are safe approaches for the management of dysphagia in patients with IBM with objective evidence of cricopharyngeal dysfunction. Cricopharyngeal myotomy is a durable technique that has demonstrated improved subjective and objective outcomes in this patient population.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:E2426–E2431, 2021
Spatiotemporal Terahertz Metasurfaces for Ultrafast All‐Optical Switching with Electric‐Triggered Bistability
Authors: Hu Yuze , Tong Mingyu , Xu Zhongjie , Cheng Xiangai , Jiang Tian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOptoelectronic terahertz switching achieved by dynamically tuning metamaterials is viewed as a major breakthrough in promoting the advancement of terahertz technology. However, the main thrust toward the development of ultrafast switchable components and optical logic operations is still in a catch‐up stage for progressively increasing information and communication demands. Here, a novel spatiotemporal metadevice is proposed for terahertz wave steering in multidimensional domains with ultrahigh spatial and ultrafast temporal manipulations. By spatially changing the interconnect architecture via the embedded vanadium dioxide bridges, the state of electromagnetically induced transparency resonance is switched between “1” and “0” states under electrical stimuli, exhibiting a typical 1 bit coding bistability with a long retention time. Furthermore, with the characteristic of writable/erasable logic operation, ultrafast photoswitching of each memorized state is manifested by delivering optical excitations. The high‐speed temporal response of terahertz radiation exhibits an on–off–on switching cycle within 16 ps, owing to the defect‐rich germanium photoactive layer. By leveraging both degrees of freedom in space and time domains, this multifunctional spatiotemporal metaphotonic device can upgrade and improve the current capabilities of optical computing, data storage, and ultrahigh‐speed information processing, paving the way for a highly unexplored territory toward manipulations of light.
Sustainable generation of patient‐led resources in a learning health system
Authors: David Jennie , Berenblum Tobi Catalina , Kennedy Samantha , Jofriet Alexander , Huwe Madeleine , Kelekian Rosa , Neihart Melissa , Spotts Michelle , Seid Michael , Margolis Peter ,   ImproveCareNow Pediatric IBD Learning Health System
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatient and Family Advisory Councils (PFACs) are an emerging mechanism to integrate patient and family voices into healthcare. One such PFAC is the Patient Advisory Council (PAC) of the ImproveCareNow (ICN) network, a learning health system dedicated to advancing the care of individuals with pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Using quality improvement techniques and co‐production, the PAC has made great strides in developing novel patient‐led resources.MethodsThis paper, written by patients and providers from ICN, reviews current ICN data on PAC‐generated resources, including creation processes and download statistics.ResultsLooking at different iterations of PAC infrastructure, this paper highlights specific leadership approaches used to increase patient involvement and improve resource creation. Emerging data suggests that the larger ICN learning health system has had limited interactions with these resources.ConclusionICN provides a novel approach for meaningful integration of patient partners into learning health systems. This paper points to the incredible value of PFAC expertise in the resource creation process. Future work should seek to support PFAC development across other diseases and address the challenges of integrating patient‐led resources into clinical care.
Research on corrosion rate assessment of buried pipelines under dynamic metro stray current
Authors: Du Yanxia , Qin Huimin , Liu Jie , Tang Dezhi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo provide a reference for the evaluation of corrosion rate under dynamic metro stray current, both simulated experiments in laboratory and coupon tests in the field were conducted to explore the corrosion behavior and the relationship between corrosion rates and dynamic DC interference parameters of buried pipelines. The results show that the dynamic period has a significant influence on the corrosion rate and the ratio of actual corrosion rate to the theoretical corrosion rate. The statistical data of pipe to soil potentials or current densities of coupons electrically connected to pipelines obtained from the field in many cities of China show that the dynamic fluctuation periods under metro stray current are within the range of 0–300 s, among which the majority of fluctuation periods distribute from 50 to 200 s. The dynamic fluctuation of pipe to soil potentials and current densities of coupons exhibits symmetric or asymmetric characteristics. Under the situation of symmetric positive and negative current density, the ratio of the actual corrosion rate to the theoretical corrosion rate ranges from about 4% to 22% under the typical dynamic periods range from 50 to 200 s based on the simulated experiments results in the laboratory. Besides, two corrosion rate assessment methods, including the positive shifting and time ratios of off‐potentials and symmetrical or asymmetric characteristics of DC current density of coupons were proposed. In addition, the evaluation of the on‐potential criteria to assess the corrosion risk of time‐variant anodic interference was also discussed in the paper.
Don't be rude! The effect of content moderation on consumer‐brand forgiveness
Authors: Christodoulides George , Gerrath Maximilian H. E. E. , Siamagka Nikoletta T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWhile it is a popular belief that venting helps unload frustrations about negative (customer) experiences, its effects on consumers' emotional states and consumer‐brand forgiveness (CBF) remain to be explored. Given that a lot of customer complaints are made online, brands seem ambivalent about managing these public complaints without violating consumers' right to free speech. In two experiments, we find that writing a customer complaint increases negative emotions regarding an incident. Moreover, brands can mitigate this negative effect by asking consumers to moderate their speech—for example, with the help of a content moderation policy. Specifically, if brands impose restrictions on consumers' freedom to express their frustrations, essentially asking them for self‐censorship, anger levels in their language decrease and CBF increases. We demonstrate that this effect is stronger for consumers with strong self‐brand connection.
Visible Light Induced Step‐Growth Polymerization by Substitution Reactions
Authors: Kiliclar Huseyin Cem , Yilmaz Gorkem , Yagci Yusuf 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA new visible light induced step‐growth polymerization of dibromoxylene, and diols using dimanganese decacarbonyl and diphenyliodonium salt is described. The polymerization is suggested to proceed by substitution reaction between dixylenium cations formed upon visible light irradiation in the presence of dimanganese decacarbonyl and diphenyl iodonium salt. For the described substitution reaction with diols as nucleophilic component, the scope of the process is studied. Furthermore, the presence of halide groups at chain ends of the resulting polymers provided the possibility of initiating subsequent free radical and free radical promoted cationic resulting in the formation of polyether‐based block copolymers.
Incidence and Progression of Rapid Eye Movement Behavior Disorder in Early Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Zimansky Larissa , Muntean Maria‐Lucia , Leha Andreas , Mollenhauer Brit , Trenkwalder Claudia , Sixel‐Döring Friederike 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundRapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is associated with neurodegenerative diseases; however, few longitudinal studies assess the individual evolution of RBD and REM sleep without atonia (RWA) in Parkinson's disease (PD).ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate RBD and RWA changes over time as well as potentially influential factors.MethodsRBD and RWA were analyzed using video‐supported polysomnography (vPSG) in initially de novo PD patients at baseline and every 2 years for a total of 6 years. The influence of time, age, sex, levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD), unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) sum scores, benzodiazepine intake, Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) total scores, and dyskinesia on RWA were investigated using mixed‐effect models to account for intra‐individual correlations.ResultsAfter 6 years, vPSG data were available from 98 of the initial 159 de novo PD patients. RBD prevalence increased from 25% at baseline to 52%. Of the 31 PD patients with RBD and valid vPSGs at all time‐points, RWA increased from an average of 19% at baseline to 41% at 6‐year follow‐up modeled to grow by 29.7% every 2 years (P < 0.001). Time was an independent factor (P < 0.001) for RWA increase. Age was an independent factor influencing RWA increase (P = 0.04). Sex, LEDD, UPDRS sum scores, benzodiazepines, MMSE total scores, and dyskinesia did not have any significant influence.ConclusionsRBD and RWA increased significantly over time in PD; time and age were independent factors in a prospective cohort. RBD and RWA can be considered PD progression markers.
A Self‐Reported Clinical Tool Predicts Falls in People with Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Almeida Lorena Rosa S. , Piemonte Maria Elisa Pimentel , Cavalcanti Helen M. , Canning Colleen G. , Paul Serene S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundA 3‐step clinical prediction tool including falling in the previous year, freezing of gait in the past month and self‐selected gait speed <1.1 m/s has shown high accuracy in predicting falls in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). The accuracy of this tool when including only self‐report measures is yet to be determined.ObjectivesTo validate the 3‐step prediction tool using only self‐report measures (3‐step self‐reported prediction tool), and to externally validate the 3‐step clinical prediction tool.MethodsThe clinical tool was used with 137 individuals with PD. Participants also answered a question about self‐reported gait speed, enabling scoring of the self‐reported tool, and were followed‐up for 6 months. An intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1) was calculated to evaluate test–retest reliability of the 3‐step self‐reported prediction tool. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the performance of both tools and their discriminative ability was determined using the area under the curve (AUC).ResultsForty‐two participants (31%) reported ≥1 fall during follow‐up. The 3‐step self‐reported tool had an ICC2,1 of 0.991 (95% CI 0.971–0.997; P < 0.001) and AUC = 0.68; 95% CI 0.59–0.77, while the 3‐step clinical tool had an AUC = 0.69; 95% CI 0.60–0.78.ConclusionsThe 3‐step self‐reported prediction tool showed excellent test–retest reliability and was validated with acceptable accuracy in predicting falls in the next 6 months. The 3‐step clinical prediction tool was externally validated with similar accuracy. The 3‐step self‐reported prediction tool may be useful to identify people with PD at risk of falls in e/tele‐health settings.
Differential Inhibition of LRRK2 in Parkinson's Disease Patient Blood by a G2019S Selective LRRK2 Inhibitor
Authors: Bright Jessica M. , Carlisle Holly J. , Toda Alyssa M. A. , Murphy Molly , Molitor Tyler P. , Wren Paul , Andruska Kristin M. , Liu Enchi , Barlow Carrolee 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundA common genetic mutation that causes Parkinson's disease (PD) is the G2019S LRRK2 mutation. A precision medicine approach that selectively blocks only excess kinase activity of the mutant allele could yield a safe and effective treatment for G2019S LRRK2 PD.ObjectiveTo determine the activity of a G2019S mutant selective leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) kinase inhibitor as compared to a nonselective inhibitor in blood of subjects with genetic and idiopathic PD on two LRRK2 biomarkers, pSer935 LRRK2 and pThr73 Rab10.MethodsBlood was collected from 13 subjects with or without a G2019S LRRK2 mutation with PD and one healthy control. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were treated ex vivo with a novel G2019S LRRK2 inhibitor (EB‐42168) or the nonselective inhibitor MLi‐2. Quantitative western immunoblot analyses were performed.ResultsEB‐42168 was 100 times more selective for G2019S LRRK2 when compared to wild‐type (WT) LRRK2. Concentrations that inhibited phosphorylation of pSer935 LRRK2 by 90% in homozygous G2019S LRRK2 patients, inhibited pSer935 LRRK2 by 36% in heterozygous patients, and by only 5% in patients carrying only the WT allele. Similar selectivity was seen for pThr73 Rab10. MLi‐2 showed an equivalent level of inhibition across all genotypes.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that EB‐42168, a G2019S LRRK2 selective inhibitor, lowers mutant G2019S LRRK2 phosphorylated biomarkers while simultaneously sparing WT LRRK2. Selective targeting of G2019S LRRK2 with a small molecule lays the foundation for a precision medicine treatment of G2019S LRRK2 PD. © 2021 ESCAPE Bio, Inc. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Brain Damage and Gene Expression Across Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Subtypes
Authors: Servelhere Katiane R. , Rezende Thiago Junqueira Ribeiro , de Lima Fabrício Diniz , de Brito Mariana Rabelo , de França Nunes Renan Flávio , Casseb Raphael F. , Pedroso José Luiz , Barsottini Orlando Graziani P. , Cendes Fernando , França Marcondes C. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundSpinal cord has been considered the main target of damage in hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs), but mounting evidence indicates that the brain is also affected. Despite this, little is known about the brain signature of HSPs, in particular regarding stratification for specific genetic subtypes.ObjectiveWe aimed to characterize cerebral and cerebellar damage in five HSP subtypes (9 SPG3A, 27 SPG4, 10 SPG7, 9 SPG8, and 29 SPG11) and to uncover the clinical and gene expression correlates.MethodsWe obtained high‐resolution brain T1 and diffusion tensor image (DTI) datasets in this cross‐sectional case–control study (n = 84). The MRICloud, FreeSurfer, and CERES‐SUIT pipelines were employed to assess cerebral gray (GM) and white matter (WM) as well as the cerebellum.ResultsBrain abnormalities were found in all but one HSP group (SPG3A), but the patterns were gene‐specific: basal ganglia, thalamic, and posterior WM involvement in SPG4; diffuse WM and cerebellar involvement in SPG7; cortical thinning at the motor cortices and pallidal atrophy in SPG8; and widespread GM, WM, and deep cerebellar nuclei damage in SPG11. Abnormal regions in SPG4 and SPG8 matched those with higher SPAST and WASHC5 expression, whereas in SPG7 and SPG11 this concordance was only noticed in the cerebellum.ConclusionsBrain damage is a conspicuous feature of HSPs (even for pure subtypes), but the pattern of abnormalities is genotype‐specific. Correlation between brain structural damage and gene expression maps is different for autosomal dominant and recessive HSPs, pointing to distinct pathophysiological mechanisms underlying brain damage in these subgroups of the disease. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Combined double superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap with lymphatic tissue preservation and lymphovenous anastomosis for lymphatic sequelae prevention in thigh defect reconstruction: A case report
Authors: Scaglioni Mario F. , Meroni Matteo , Fritsche Elmar , Fuchs Bruno 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe thigh region is often site of soft tissue tumors development. Leiomyosarcoma, in particular, is a malignant tumor that, if not promptly treated, presents a growth rate that often results in large masses. The safest treatment in these cases is margin‐free extensive surgical resection. This leads to rather large defects that in a delicate region, such as the medial thigh, implies a series of possible complications from the lymphatic point of view. In this region run major lymphatic vessels, appointed to drain the whole leg. Now that one is aware of this issue, the best solution is trying to obtain an efficient reconstruction and preventing the development of postoperative lymphedema and lymphocele. Here, we present a case of great saphenous vein leiomyosarcoma resection in the right medial thigh reconstructed by means of two superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) flaps with lymphatic tissue preservation, combined with preventive lymphovenous anastomosis (LVA). A 67‐years‐old woman presented a 22 × 16 cm soft tissue defect after the surgical excision. To fill the defect, we resorted to a larger SCIP flap island, supplied by both the superficial and deep branches of the superficial circumflex iliac artery anastomosed in perforator‐to‐perforator fashion, and to a smaller SCIP flap island supplied only by the superficial branch. Before surgery, the lymphatic vessels running in the flaps area were identified with indocyanine green lymphography and were carefully preserved during the harvest procedure. They were then transferred with the surrounding tissue and orientated in order to match the lymphatic flow direction, providing further fluid drainage. To boost the lymphatic drainage, an LVA was also performed at the superior‐edge‐of‐the‐knee incision point joining a functioning lymphatic vessel to a nearby reflux‐free vein. The postoperative course was uneventful and at 7 months follow‐up, the patient showed good cosmetic and functional outcomes with no swelling and no signs of tumor relapse. This report provides a series of technical insights and adds further evidence to support the efficacy of this procedure for management of soft tissue defects in the medial thigh region.
Knowledge‐based inverse treatment planning for low‐dose‐rate prostate brachytherapy
Authors: Guthier Christian V. , Orio Peter F. , Buzurovic Ivan , Cormack Robert A. 
Published: February 2021

PurposePermanent low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy is a widely used treatment modality for managing prostate cancer. In such interventions, treatment planning can be a challenging task and requires experience and skills of the planner. We developed a novel knowledge‐based (KB) optimization method based on previous treatment plans. The purpose of this method was to generate clinically acceptable plans that do not require extensive manual adjustments in clinical scenarios.MethodsObjective functions used in current inverse planning methods are preferably based on spatial invariant dose objectives rather than spatial dose distributions. Therefore, they are prone to return suboptimal plans resulting in time consuming plan adjustments. To overcome this limitation, a KB approach is introduced. The KB model uses the dose distributions of previous clinical plans projected onto a standardized geometry. From those standardized distributions a template plan is generated. The treatment plans were optimized with an in‐house developed planning system by solving a constraint inverse optimization problem that mimics the projected template dose plan constraint to DVH metrics. The method is benchmarked under an IRB‐approved retrospective study by comparing optimization time, dosimetric performance, and clinical acceptability against current clinical practice. The quality of the KB model is evaluated with a Turing test.ResultsThe KB model consists of five high‐quality treatment plans. Those plans were selected by one of our experts and showed all desired dosimetric features. After generating the model treatment plans were created with one run of the optimizer for the remaining 20 patients. The optimization time including needle optimization ranged from 6 to 29 s. Based on a Wilcoxon signed rank test the new plans are dosimetrically equivalent to current clinical practice. The Turing test showed that the proposed method generates plans that are equivalent to current clinical practice and that the dose prediction drives the optimization to achieve high‐quality treatment plans.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that the proposed KB model was able to capture user‐specific features in isodose lines which can be used to generate acceptable treatment plans with a single run of the optimization engine in under a minute. This could potentially reduce the time in the operating room and the time a patient is under anesthesia.