bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wearable Glucose Monitoring and Implantable Drug Delivery Systems for Diabetes Management
Authors: Zhang Jinyuan , Xu Jian , Lim Jongcheon , Nolan James K. , Lee Hyowon , Lee Chi Hwan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe global cost of diabetes care exceeds $1 trillion each year with more than $327 billion being spent in the United States alone. Despite some of the advances in diabetes care including continuous glucose monitoring systems and insulin pumps, the technology associated with managing diabetes has largely remained unchanged over the past several decades. With the rise of wearable electronics and novel functional materials, the field is well‐poised for the next generation of closed‐loop diabetes care. Wearable glucose sensors implanted within diverse platforms including skin or on‐tooth tattoos, skin‐mounted patches, eyeglasses, contact lenses, fabrics, mouthguards, and pacifiers have enabled noninvasive, unobtrusive, and real‐time analysis of glucose excursions in ambulatory care settings. These wearable glucose sensors can be integrated with implantable drug delivery systems, including an insulin pump, glucose responsive insulin release implant, and islets transplantation, to form self‐regulating closed‐loop systems. This review article encompasses the emerging trends and latest innovations of wearable glucose monitoring and implantable insulin delivery technologies for diabetes management with a focus on their advanced materials and construction. Perspectives on the current unmet challenges of these strategies are also discussed to motivate future technological development toward improved patient care in diabetes management.
Preparation and properties of a novel green solid polymer electrolyte for all‐solid‐state lithium battery
Authors: Ge Zhen , Liu Xiaoli , Zou Xiaobin , Zhan Yu , Luo Yunjun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSolid polymer electrolyte (SPE)‐based lithium batteries have easy processing and safety for energy vehicles and storage. However, the preparation process of SPEs mostly used a lot of organic solvents, which will threaten human living space and body health. Herein, a novel green solid polymer electrolyte (ionic liquid type waterborne polyurethane, IWPUS) without no organic solvents was prepared from hybrids of ionic liquid‐based waterborne polyurethane (IWPU) and LiClO4. The structure and properties of IWPUS were investigated by IR, SEM, XRD, TGA, ion conductivity test. The results showed that Li+ of LiClO4 could coordinate with CO and COC in the polyurethane matrix. LiClO4 had been well dispersed in IWPU. The conductivity of IWPUS increased with the increase of LiClO4 content. The higher conductivity of IWPUS with 20% LiClO4 at 80°C was 1.8 × 10−4 s•cm−1. IWPUS based on ionic liquid‐based waterborne polyurethane would be promised to become an environmentally friendly candidate for all solid‐state lithium ion batteries.
Flexible ultraviolet detector with robust ZnO nanoparticle nanoassemblies on catechol‐functionalized polysiloxane nanofilms
Authors: Liu Yida , Zhu Huie , Watanabe Akira , Yamamoto Shunsuke , Miyashita Tokuji , Mitsuishi Masaya 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAs a result of the vast Young's moduli difference between an inorganic semiconducting channel and flexible substrates, flexible optoelectronic devices readily lose their functionality through material delamination and local fracturing, which lead to short‐circuiting of devices. For this study, we synthesized a catechol‐containing polysiloxane (CFPS) adhesive and applied it to ZnO nanoparticle (NP) assembly on plastic substrates for flexible UV detector applications. The 30 nm thick CFPS adhesive can anchor 70 nm thick ZnO NPs strongly through a coordination bond, thereby forming an ultra‐stable ZnO NP channel layer. A peeling test of ZnO NP layer was conducted using transparent tape (Scotch®; 3 M Inc.). The ZnO NPs were firmly immobilized, reflecting the outstanding mechanical stability of CFPS adhesives. A UV detector also exhibited stable photo‐response performance even after a thousand iterations of bending with 3 mm curvature radii. The result indicates the polycyclosiloxane‐based flexible device as promising for wearable detector applications.
A novel and sensitive method for determination of amisulpride in human plasma by two‐dimensional liquid chromatography
Authors: Qu Kankan , Wang Feng , Du Zhiqiang , Wang Shushan , Zhang Zhongdong , Shen Yuan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA novel and sensitive heart‐cutting two‐dimensional liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection method (2D‐LC–UV) was developed and validated for determination of amisulpride in human plasma. The 2D‐LC system consists of a first dimensional (1D) LC column and a middle transfer column as well as a second‐dimensional (2D) LC column. After simple protein precipitation, the sample was directly injected into the introduction valve of the 2D‐LC system. The1D column, playing a role of primary separation and preconcentration for complex plasma matrices, transferred the targets to the intermediate column. Following capture of targets on the middle column online, the analytes were transferred to the2D separation column by a six‐port valve. The2D column, avoiding interference from the plasma matrix, completed further separation and quantification. An assistant pump was optimized for primary enrichment as well as final elution in the heart‐cutting mode. The analytical time of amisulpride was 7.401 min. The accuracy was between 0.48 and 8.49%, while the intra‐ and inter‐day precisions ranged from 0.9 to 3.1% and from 1.7% to 3.3%, respectively. The linear range of amisulpride was 48.15–2,407.59 ng/ml, while the extraction recovery was 98.7–101.3%. The strategy established in the study, which was successfully applied to therapeutic drug monitoring of amisulpride for routine clinical detection, displays high sensitivity, good repeatability, convenience and low cost.
The effect of cross‐linking degree on physicochemical properties of surimi gel as affected by MTGase
Authors: An Yueqi , Xiong Shanbai , Liu Ru , You Juan , Yin Tao , Hu Yang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe transglutaminase‐induced cross‐linking reaction can enhance the textural properties of surimi gels. However, when the cross‐linking degree exceeds a certain range, surimi gels become brittle, giving the gel a special mouthfeel. Little information is to be found regarding the brittleness of surimi gel and its formation mechanism. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of cross‐links on physicochemical properties of surimi gel and to analyze the reason for the textural variation of surimi gels regulated by cross‐links.RESULTSWhen the cross‐linking degree was lower than about 30%, the surimi gel could not be fractured and the surimi gel was mushy. When the cross‐linking degree was around 40–55%, surimi gels without microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) presented an elastic texture, while surimi gels with MTGase displayed a tough texture. When the cross‐linking degrees were 64.1% and 76.5%, surimi gels became brittle. Water holding capacity decreased with the increase in cross‐linking degree and the cross‐links released some combined water to free water. With the increase in cross‐links, the pore equivalent diameter and the fractal dimension first decreased and then increased. When the cross‐linking degree exceeded approximately 50%, hydrophobic interaction increased, consistent with the exposure of hydrophobic residues and the decrease in the water gap between proteins.CONCLUSIONThe changes in gel texture were related to micro‐network structure, water status and microenvironment of proteins. It was demonstrated that the texture of slowly heated surimi‐based products could be regulated by controlling the TGase‐induced cross‐links. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
How weather conditions affect guest arrivals and duration of stay: An alpine destination case
Authors: Bausch Thomas , Gartner William C. , Humpe Andreas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWeather can be a major concern for travelers when choosing a destination, preparing their trip and during their stay. Existing publications focus on explaining the role of weather based on one, or at most, a few parameters and usually for one season. This paper proposes a new approach covering all four seasons by connecting daily data from meteorological stations to tourists' registration information. This approach allows for an understanding of travel volumes based on actual travel data and not on perceptions or desired outcomes. The results suggest a clear impact of weather on the number and duration of short‐term trips for all seasons. There was no clear indication that weather forecasts played a significant role in the structure of mid or long term trips.
Optomechanical Wagon‐Wheel Effects for Bidirectional Sorting of Dielectric Nanoparticles
Authors: Xu Xiaohao , Yang Yi , Chen Lixiang , Chen Xixi , Wu Tianli , Li Yuchao , Liu Xiaoshuai , Zhang Yao , Li Baojun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe visual perception of a moving target is not always true. Wheels turning rapidly, for instance, may look like rotating inversely. This phenomenon is known as the wagon‐wheel effect (WWE) and it is caused by the undersampling of visual information. Here, an analogous manifestation of the WWE concept is described in the scenario of light–matter interactions, by showing that the dynamic response of a particle, to an optical trap scanned at different rates, can be diametrically opposed. Further, such behaviors are modulated by the particle dimensions, which can be exploited for particle size selection. The results uncover a distinct paradigm of nontrivial optical manipulation and expand the bidirectional optical sorting range of dielectric particles to the sub‐200 nm scale.
Improving the rate of anthropometric measurements in the pediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Pace Autumn , Zobel Amanda , Gearman Laura , Seitzer Dale , Larson‐Nath Catherine , Somani Arif 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition occurs in approximately 25% of pediatric intensive care patients and correlates with increased length of stay, prolonged ventilation, and mortality. Anthropometric measurements should be obtained at admission and throughout hospitalization to evaluate nutrition status. We aimed to increase documentation, reporting, and discussion of anthropometric measurements, including height/length, weight, and occipital frontal circumference (OFC) within 24 hours of admission and weekly.MethodsA multifaceted process improvement model was implemented over 1 month. Interventions included education, recruiting nurse champions, process mapping, new equipment, and formal discussion of nutrition status during rounds. A proportions hypothesis test compared frequency of anthropometric measures obtained during each study phase: preintervention, postintervention, and sustainment.ResultsIn terms of admission metrics over respective study phases, the PICU had fluctuation in weights (91%, 98%, and 97%) and height (49%, 73%, and 71%) and increased rates in OFC (36%, 61%, and 65%). The cardiovascular intensive care unit (CVICU) had stable weights (100%, 100%, and 100%) and increased rates in height (87%, 94%, and 95%) and OFC (28%, 64%, and 86%), respectively. In terms of weekly metrics over study phases, the PICU had fluctuation in weights (91%, 89%, and 93%) and increased rates in heights (38%, 69%, and 76%) and OFC (45%, 76%, and 100%). The CVICU had increased rates in weights (98%, 100%, and 100%) and fluctuations in heights (50%, 83%, and 75%), and OFC (48%, 84%, and 75%).ConclusionsInterventions increased rates of measurements. During the sustainment phase, there was regression in rates, although these remained above baseline. Additional interventions may increase compliance and foster change in unit culture.
Measuring how two proteins affect each other's net charge in a crowded environment
Authors: Dashnaw Chad M. , Koone Jordan C. , Abdolvahabi Alireza , Shaw Bryan F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTheory predicts that the net charge (Z) of a protein can be altered by the net charge of a neighboring protein as the two approach one another below the Debye length. This type of charge regulation suggests that a protein's charge and perhaps function might be affected by neighboring proteins without direct binding. Charge regulation during protein crowding has never been directly measured due to analytical challenges. Here, we show that lysine specific protein crosslinkers (NHS ester‐Staudinger pairs) can be used to mimic crowding by linking two non‐interacting proteins at a maximal distance of ~7.9 Å. The net charge of the regioisomeric dimers and preceding monomers can then be determined with lysine‐acyl “protein charge ladders” and capillary electrophoresis. As a proof of concept, we covalently linked myoglobin (Zmonomer = −0.43 ± 0.01) and α‐lactalbumin (Zmonomer = −4.63 ± 0.05). Amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange and circular dichroism spectroscopy demonstrated that crosslinking did not significantly alter the structure of either protein or result in direct binding (thus mimicking crowding). Ultimately, capillary electrophoretic analysis of the dimeric charge ladder detected a change in charge of ΔZ = −0.04 ± 0.09 upon crowding by this pair (Zdimer = −5.10 ± 0.07). These small values of ΔZ are not necessarily general to protein crowding (qualitatively or quantitatively) but will vary per protein size, charge, and solvent conditions.
Simultaneous determination of triclosan, triclocarban, triclocarban metabolites and byproducts in urine and serum by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Luo Qiong , Zhang Hongna , Zhou Yanqiu , Liu Zehua , Cai Zongwei 
Published: April 2021

RationaleTriclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) are ubiquitous antimicrobial agents incorporated in consumer and personal care products. Due to their human health risks, it is essential to develop a sensitive and accurate analytical method to simultaneously quantify TCS, TCC, as well as their metabolites and byproducts in urine and serum samples.MethodsThe quantitative parameters of TCS, TCC, TCC metabolites and byproducts (2'‐OH‐TCC, 3'‐OH‐TCC, 6‐OH‐TCC, DHC, DCC, NCC) were optimized by using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/ESI‐MS/MS). Enzymatic hydrolysis of the samples was optimized based on enzyme dosage and incubation time. The efficiencies of solid‐phase extraction (SPE) and liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) were compared. The effectiveness of the established method was evaluated, and method application was validated using real urine and serum samples.ResultsThe conjugates were sufficiently hydrolyzed under 500 U/mL β‐glucuronidase and 80 U/mL sulfatase at 37°C for 4 h. Compared with the LLE method, SPE achieved higher extraction efficiency in both urine and serum samples. The optimized SPE‐UHPLC/ESI‐MS/MS method showed low limits of detection (LODs) in the range 0.001–0.3 ng/mL and good linearity (R2 > 0.99) at 0.01–150 ng/mL in both matrices. Excellent recoveries of 82.0%–120.7% (urine) and 76.7%–113.9% (serum) were obtained with low relative standard deviation (RSD, <7.6%) for inter‐day and intra‐day injections. This method was applicable to quantify target compounds in multiple biological urine and serum samples. Notably, TCS and TCC were detected with average concentrations of 8.37 and 10.46 ng/mL, respectively, in 15 Chinese female urine samples, with the simultaneous detection of TCC metabolites and byproducts.ConclusionsA reliable method was established to simultaneously determine TCS, TCC, TCC metabolites and byproducts in urine and serum samples by using UHPLC/ESI‐MS/MS. This sensitive methodology provides the basis for the evaluation of TCS and TCC exposure at the metabolic level.
In Situ Assembly of Ordered Hierarchical CuO Microhemisphere Nanowire Arrays for High‐Performance Bifunctional Sensing Applications
Authors: Dai Tiantian , Deng Zanhong , Fang Xiaodong , Lu Huadong , He Yong , Chang Junqing , Wang Shimao , Zhu Nengwei , Li Liang , Meng Gang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSeeking a facile approach to directly assemble bridged metal oxide nanowires on substrates with predefined electrodes without the need for complex postsynthesis alignment and/or device procedures will bridge the gap between fundamental research and practical applications for diverse biochemical sensing, electronic, optoelectronic, and energy storage devices. Herein, regularly bridged CuO microhemisphere nanowire arrays (RB‐MNAs) are rationally designed on indium tin oxide electrodes via thermal oxidation of ordered Cu microhemisphere arrays obtained by solid‐state dewetting of patterned Ag/Cu/Ag films. Both the position and spacing of CuO microhemisphere nanowires can be well controlled by as‐used shadow mask and the thickness of Cu film, which allows homogeneous manipulation of the bridging of adjacent nanowires grown from neighboring CuO hemispheres, and thus benefits highly sensitive trimethylamine (TMA) sensors and broad band (UV–visible to infrared) photodetectors. The electrical response of 3.62 toward 100 ppm TMA is comparable to that of state‐of‐the‐art CuO‐based sensors. Together with the feasibility of in situ assembly of RB‐MNAs device arrays via common lithographic technologies, this work promises commercial device applications of CuO nanowires.
Rural Indigenous students’ postsecondary experiences: North and South of the Medicine Line
Authors: Henning Denise , Wheeler Winona 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIndigenous students from rural communities attending postsecondary institutions can face unique challenges that negatively impact persistence and retention rates. Unfortunately, most postsecondary institutions are ill‐equipped to understand and support this population. This chapter briefly outlines the challenges rural Indigenous students encounter and provides best practices developed by postsecondary institutions that can increase Indigenous student success.
Translating rural Latinx students’ cultural wealth to college campuses
Authors: Marlow‐McCowin Jarvis , Ottley Jason , Pérez David 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAsset‐based thinking and practice is a necessary approach to meeting the needs of rural Latinx students. This chapter provides an overview of asset‐based narratives among Latinx and rural Latinx students while offering recommendations for educators to enhance their capacity to facilitate the success of this population.
Residual stress reduction of LPBF-processed CM247LC samples via multi laser beam strategies
Authors: Gerstgrasser Marcel , Cloots Michael , Stirnimann Josef , Wegener Konrad 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBased on SLM parameters from previous works, which guarantee fully dense and crack free CM247LC samples, multi laser beam strategies have been pursued to reduce residual stresses or rather distortion during LPBF processing. By using a second post heating and non-melting laser source with a defocused laser beam and lateral offset, cantilever distortion is reduced more than 7.5%, compared to the reference. Based on pre-tests with 9 different offset parameters, the optimum offset has been identified. Also, an upper limit for the laser power of 65 W is identified for the second heat laser beam with a spot diameter of 380 μm, to avoid re-melting and creating new defects. A theoretical “two bar model,” to explain the residual stress behavior and reduction with multi laser beam offset strategy during the LPBF process, is presented. Furthermore, re-melting cracks, defects, and microstructure are analyzed in conjunction with the second defocused offset laser, in case of a 200 W laser power, an increased scan speed of 1300 mms/s, and a reduced hatch distance. Secondary electron signal (SE) images of re-melting cracks are analyzed and compared to SE-image of hot cracks (solidification cracks). Based on electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), the results of the microstructure from the last mentioned multi laser beam approach, which creates re-melting cracks, are presented and analyzed.
Analysis of age-dependent DNA methylation changes in plucked hair samples using massive parallel sequencing
Authors: Naue Jana , Winkelmann Julia , Schmidt Ulrike , Lutz-Bonengel Sabine 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe analysis of age-dependent DNA methylation changes is a valuable tool in epigenetic research and forensic genetics. With some exceptions, most studies in the past concentrated on the analysis of blood, buccal, and saliva samples. Another important sample type in forensic investigations is hair, where age-dependent DNA methylation has not been investigated so far. In this pilot study a deeper look was taken at the possibilities and challenges of DNA methylation analysis in hair. The DNA methylation of selected age-dependent 5’-C-phosphate-G‑3’ (CpG) sites were characterized for their potential use as a biomarker for age prediction using plucked hair samples and massive parallel sequencing. Plucked hair roots of 49 individuals were included in the study. The DNA methylation of 31 hairs was successfully analyzed. The DNA methylation pattern of 10 loci, including ELOVL2, F5, KLF14, and TRIM59, was determined by amplicon-based massive parallel sequencing. Age-dependent changes were found for several markers. The results demonstrate the possible use of already established age-dependent markers but at the same time they have tissue/cell type-specific characteristics. Special challenges such as low amounts of DNA and degraded DNA as well as the possible heterogeneous cellular composition of plucked hair samples, have to be considered.
Clinical risk factors for recurrence of pelvic organ prolapse after primary native tissue prolapse repair
Authors: Bodner-Adler Barbara , Bodner Klaus , Carlin Greta , Kimberger Oliver , Marschalek Julian , Koelbl Heinz , Umek Wolfgang 
Published: April 2021

Summary
Objective
To define potential risk factors for recurrence of prolapse.

Methods
This short report included all women who presented with recurrence of prolapse as well as without any recurrence signs after a vaginal approach of native tissue prolapse repair at an urogynecological center in Austria.

Results
A total of 124 recurrence cases and 64 women with no signs of recurrence after their index prolapse surgery were included. Multivariate analysis identified advanced preoperative POP‑Q stage (pelvic organ prolapse-quantification) as an independent risk factor for postoperative recurrence of prolapse (p = 0.045).

Conclusion
Initial proper preoperative counseling is of particular importance to modulate patients’ expectations after prolapse surgery.