bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the clinical significance of anti-Cra and anti-M in a chronically transfused sickle cell patient
Authors: Leatherbarro M.B. , Ellisor S.S. , Collins P.A. , Douglas D.K. , Eckrich R.J. , Esty S.S. , Baldwin M.L. , Ness P.M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
An alloantibody to a high-incidence antigen, associated with multiple other alloantibodies, made it impossible to supply antigen-negative red blood cells (RBCs) for a chronically transfused sickle cell anemia patient. Anti-Cra, -E, -K, -S, -Fy”, -Fyb, as well as anti-M reactive at 37°C and in the antiglobulin phase of testing, were identified in the patient’s serum. An extensive search of rare donor files at the American Red Cross and at the American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) failed to identify Cr(a —), M–, E–, K –, S –, Fy(a – b –) donors. Various studies were performed to predict the clinical significance of the anti-Cra and anti-M. Results of 51chromium survival studies showed 91.8 percent survival at 10 minutes and 87.2 percent survival at 60 minutes with Cr(a +), M –, E –, K –, S –, Fy(a – b –) red cells, suggesting that immediate destruction of transfused Cr(a +) red cells would be unlikely. However, further analysis revealed diminished long-term survival of the donor’s red cells with only 60.1 percent recovery at six days (T 1/2 = 12 days) and 10.8 percent at 14 days (T 1/2 = 4.5 days). A monocyte-monolayer assay (MMA) indicated that both the anti-Cra (5.9%) and anti-M (18%) would probably be clinically significant (normal value 0 3%). Mass screening continues at several blood centers for Cr(a –),M — ,E-,K—,S—, Fy(a – b –) donors. However, if no suitable donors are found, the results of the 51chromium survival studies and the MMA support the decision to transfuse this patient with Cr(a +), M –, Fy(a–b–),S–,K–,E – red cells, if necessary.
Assessment of energy efficiency and performance in a two-phase anaerobic process for organic matter removal
Authors: Hurtado Andrea D. P. , Hernández Diana M. , Fuentes Karol L. , Chaparro Tatiana R. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Energy efficiency (EE) depends mainly on the lower heating values (LHVs) of hydrogen and methane selected from the thermodynamics tables under ideal conditions. However, for practical applications, the heating value should be calculated by considering some environmental factors under real conditions. Accordingly, this study compared EE using the ideal LHV with the EE using the real LHV in a two-phase anaerobic digestion reactor treating synthetic wastewater. Additionally, the process performance and the stability were studied. The results showed that the EE value calculated using LHVideal was, on average, 35% higher than that evaluated using LHVreal; these differences are relevant to the estimation of real energy and also for practical applications. At the same time, the index buffer intermediate alkalinity/partial alkalinity was shown to be more accurate than the pH value to analyze the stability of the process. With regards to chemical oxygen demand, the removal efficiency in the methanogenic phase decreased drastically when utilizing 100% of the acidogenic phase. Future considerations for the optimization of each phase are highlighted.
Integration of sensors for dam water quality analysis – a prototype
Authors: Rose Lina , Mary X. Anitha , Karthik C. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Water consumed is stored in several water bodies in and around us, out of which dams accommodate a major portion of water. The quantity and quality monitoring of water in dams is troublesome due to their large surface area and high depths. Although groundwater resources are the primary water source in India, dams plays a vital role in water distribution and storage network. The Central Water Commission in India has identified more than 5,000 dams of which a major portion is persistently consumed by the rural and urban populations for drinking and irrigation. The water quality of these reservoirs is of serious concern as it would not only affect the socio-economic status of the nation but the aquatic systems as well. Water quality control and management are vital for a delivering clean water supply to the general society. Because of their size, collecting, assessing, and managing a vast volume of water quality data are critical. Water quality data are primarily obtained through manual field sampling; however, real-time sensor monitoring is increasingly being used for more efficient data collection. The literature depicts that the methods involving remote sensing and image processing of water quality analysis consume time, and require sample collection at various depths, analysis of collected samples, and manual interpretations. The objective of this study was to propose a novel cost-effective method to monitor water quality devoid of considerable human intervention. Sensor-based online monitoring aids in assessing the sample with limited technology, at various depths of water in the dam to analyze turbidity which gives the major indication of pure water. The quality analysis of the dam water is suitable if the water is assessed at the distribution end before consumption. Hence, to enhance the water management system, other quality parameters like pH, conductivity, temperature are sensed and monitored in the distribution pipeline. An unstable pH can alter the chemical and microbiological aspects of water, resulting in a variation of other water quality parameters. Temperature variations affect the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water bodies and results in unstable quality parameters. The change in dissolved solvents and the ionic concentration alters the electrical conductivity of the water and the increased concentration of salts also results in turbidity. The data from all the sensors are processed by the microcontroller, transmitted, and displayed in a mobile application comprehensible to the layman.
QSCR Analysis of Cytotoxicity of 6-Fluoro-3-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-
yl)quinolin-4(1H)-ones on Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Line: Design
of REPUBLIC1986
Authors: Joon Shikha , Singla Rajeev K. , Shen Bairong , Kamal Mohammad Amjad 
Published: June 2021

Background:
6-Fluoro-3-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)quinolin-4(1H)-ones are promising
antitumor agents with enormous data on their profound cytotoxic effects on the human
cancer cell lines.

Objectives:
We sought to perform a Quantitative structure cytotoxicity relationship (QSCR)
analysis of a series of previously reported fluoroquinolone analogues using computerassisted
multiple regression analysis and investigate the cytotoxicity-inducing structural parameters
among these congeners.

Methods:
The dataset was segregated into training and test sets of 6-Fluoro-3-(4H-1,2,4-
triazol-3-yl)quinolin-4(1H)-ones by using a random selection method embedded in Vlife
MDS 4.6 software and subjected to QSCR analysis. Next, cross-validation of the generated
QSCR models was performed along with the external test set prediction. Finally, the data
was analyzed and contour plots were developed to deduce the cytotoxicity-inducing structural
parameters among these congeners using Minitab® software.

Results:
The validated QSCR model exhibited a statistically significant predictive value of
92.27 percent. Our QSCR model revealed a direct proportionality between hydrogen counts
and cytotoxicity, and exclusion of sulphur and nitrogen with lesser crowding of cyclopropyl
rings in future potential 6-Fluoro-3-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)quinolin-4(1H)-one analogues.
Based on the QSCR model predictions and contour plot analysis, the de novo REPUBLIC1986
molecule provided the best hit with predicted IC50 (μM) of 0.45 against CHO cell
line and is amenable to salt formation crucial for anti-ovarian cancer activity.

Conclusion:
These findings suggest the relevancy of the developed QSCR model in designing
novel, potent, and safer anti-cancer drugs with 6-Fluoro-3-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)quinolin-
4(1H)-ones as seed compounds.
Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Disorders
Authors: Krishna Vamsi , Kumar Naveen , Banerjee Sugato 
Published: June 2021

:The gut has been colonized with bacteria, fungi, viruses, archaea, eukarya. The human and bacterial cells are found in a 1:1 ratio, while the variance in the diversity of gut microbiota may result in dysbiosis. Gut dysbiosis may result in various pathological manifestations. Beneficial gut microbiota may synthesize short-chain fatty acids like acetate, butyrate, propionate. Gram-negative organisms are the primary source of LPS, a potent pro-inflammatory mediator. Both gut microbiota and microbial products may be involved in immunomodulation as well as inflammation. Prebiotics and probiotics are being explored as therapeutic agents against various inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms involved in gut bacteria mediated modulation of various inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.
Nano-biotechnology and its Innovative Perspective in Diabetes Management
Authors: Raval Jigar , Trivedi Riddhi , Suman Sonali , Kukrety Arvind , Prajapati Prajesh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract:The occurrence of the diabetes happens due to the irregular operation of glucose in the body, which is also known as glucose homeostasis, thus leading to metabolic changes in the body. The two stages whether hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia differentiates diabetes into various categories and brought new innovative management for the new routes of administration of these disease condition. Various bio-nanotechnologies which are coupled with nano particulates, polymers, Liposome, various gold plated and Solid Lipids Particulates regulate the transcellular transport, non specific cellular uptake, and paracellular transport, which leads to oral, transdermal, Pulmonary, buccal, Nasal, specific gene oriented administration to avoid the non patience compliance with the parental routes of administration. Phytochemicals have an emerging strategy for the future prospects of diabetes management.
MPEG-PCL Nanomicelles Platform for Synergistic Metformin and Chrysin Delivery
to Breast Cancer in Mice
Authors: Luo Daiqin , Wang Xinjun , Zhong Xiaomei , Chang Jianying , He Mingyuan , Wang Heran , Li Yongxia , Zhao Chaofen , Luo Yan , Ran Li 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Metformin (MET) is a well-known anti-diabetic drug that also has anti-cancer effects. However,
high therapeutic doses of MET on cancer cells and the low efficacy of combinatory therapeutic approaches limit
its clinical application. Recent studies have shown that chrysin (CHR) can improve the pharmaceutical efficacy of
MET by suppressing human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and cyclin D1 gene expression.

Objective:
This study aimed to develop different ratios of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(e-caprolactone)
(MPEG-PCL) micelles for breast cancer to co-deliver a synergistic CHR/MET combination.

Methods:
CHR/MET drug-loaded micelles were prepared by modified thin-film hydration.Fourier infrared spectrum,
gel permeation chromatography, transmission electron microscopy, and high-performance liquid chromatography were
used to evaluate the physicochemical properties of nanostructures. Cell proliferation and cell apoptosis were assessed
by MTT and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining method. The gene expression of hTERT and cyclin D1 was measured
by real-time PCR assay. A subcutaneous mouse T47D xenograft model was established to evaluate the in vivo efficiency.

Results:
When the ratio of MPEG-PCL was 1:1.7, the highest drug loading rate and encapsulation efficiency of CHR
(11.31±0.37) and MET (12.22±0.44) were observed. Uniform MPEG-PCL micelles of 51.70±1.91 nm allowed MET to
incorporate with CHR, which were co-delivered to breast cancer cells. We demonstrated that CHR/MET co-delivery
micelles showed a good synergistic effect on inhibiting proliferation in T47D cells (combination index=0.87) by suppressing
hTERT and cyclin D1 gene expression. Compared to the free CHR/MET group, the apoptosis rate on T47D
cells by CHR/MET nano-micelles significantly improved from 71.33% to 79.25%. The tumour volume and tumour
weight of the CHR/MET group increased more slowly than that of the single-drug treatment group (P<0.05). Compared
to the CHR/MET group, the tumour volume and tumour weight of the CHR/MET nano-micelle group decreased
by 42% and 59%, respectively.

Conclusions:
We demonstrated that ratiometric CHR/MET micelles could provide an effective technique for the treatment
of breast cancer.
Non-Covalent Interaction Between Ionic Liquid (1-ethyl- 3-methylimidazolium Chloride-aluminum Chloride) and Pure Alcohols
Authors: Das Samir , Karmakar Paramita , Ekka Deepak , Deenadayalu Nirmala , Roy Mahendra Nath 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The non-covalent molecular interactions of 1-Ethyl-3-
methylimidazolium chloride-aluminum chloride and pure alcohols are attracting attention in
the industry, academic and research. Chemists, engineers, designers, and some researchers
are interested in accessing trustworthy databases.

Objective:
1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride-aluminum chloride interacts with pure alcohols
with non-covalent interactions. Physicochemical properties with their convincing data
interpret the interactions occurring there.

Mehtods:
For that limiting apparent molar volume, molar refraction, and limiting apparent
molar isentropic compressibility of the binary systems viz., ([EMIm]Cl/AlCl3) +methanol,
([EMIm]Cl/AlCl3) +ethanol, ([EMIm]Cl/AlCl3) +1-propanol, and ([EMIm]Cl/AlCl3)+
1-butanol have been calculated using physicochemical properties i.e.,. density, refractive
index, and speed of sound, respectively within the temperature range T=293.15K-318.15K
(with the interval of 5K).

Results:
The ionic liquid strongly interacts with 1-butanol (106⋅φov
=874.52 m3 mol-1, 106·RM
= 211.13 m3 mol-1, and 10-11·φok= -0.10 m3 mol-1 Pa-1, 108· (∂φoE/∂T)P = 1.52 m3 mol-1 K-2)
than other chosen primary alcohol at a higher temperature (318.15K). Among the
individual ions, the 106·φov(ion) is higher for ALCI4-(522.96 m3 mol-1) than [EMIm]+
(351.56 m3 mol-1) at high temperature (318.15K) in 1-butanol.

Conclusion:
The molecular interactions occurring between the ionic liquid and solvent
molecules are due to the structure-making capacity caused by intermolecular forces and
non-covalent interactions. Where the 1-butanol strongly interacts with ionic liquids. In between
the ions, the anaion interaction is greater than cation to solvents.
Virtual Engagement in a Social Media Community of Mothers With Substance Use Disorders: Content Analysis
Authors: Mazel Shayna , Zisman-Ilani Yaara , Hennig Shannon , Garnick Deborah , Nicholson Joanne 
Published: June 2021

Background
Co-occurring substance use disorder is common among pregnant and parenting women with mental illness, but their engagement with and utilization of relevant services and treatment is low. Social media has the potential to convey benefits and facilitate engagement among this target group.

Objective
This study aimed to explore the reach and engagement of specific social media posts among pregnant women and mothers with substance use disorders.

Methods
Eighteen posts providing content related to substance use (cannabis, opioids, or alcohol), varying in type of content (informational or experiential) and target (policy-, practice-, or perception-related), were posted in a closed Facebook community page comprising over 33,000 pregnant women and mothers between May 2019 and October 2019.

Results
The overall level of reach of these Facebook posts ranged from 453 to 3045 community members. Engagement levels, measured via the number of likes, comments, or posts shared, varied based on the type of post content (ie, informational or experiential).

Conclusions
Participation in a virtual community via social media platforms can facilitate engagement among pregnant women and mothers with mental illness by communicating relevant information about substance use, as well as potentially promoting awareness of, access to, and engagement with treatment services.
Association of Habitual Physical Activity With Home Blood Pressure in the Electronic Framingham Heart Study (eFHS): Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sardana Mayank , Lin Honghuang , Zhang Yuankai , Liu Chunyu , Trinquart Ludovic , Benjamin Emelia J , Manders Emily S , Fusco Kelsey , Kornej Jelena , Hammond Michael M , Spartano Nicole , Pathiravasan Chathurangi H , Kheterpal Vik , Nowak Christopher , Borrelli Belinda , Murabito Joanne M , McManus David D 
Published: June 2021

Background
When studied in community-based samples, the association of physical activity with blood pressure (BP) remains controversial and is perhaps dependent on the intensity of physical activity. Prior studies have not explored the association of smartwatch-measured physical activity with home BP.

Objective
We aimed to study the association of habitual physical activity with home BP.

Methods
Consenting electronic Framingham Heart Study (eFHS) participants were provided with a study smartwatch (Apple Watch Series 0) and Bluetooth-enabled home BP cuff. Participants were instructed to wear the watch daily and transmit BP values weekly. We measured habitual physical activity as the average daily step count determined by the smartwatch. We estimated the cross-sectional association between physical activity and average home BP using linear mixed effects models adjusting for age, sex, wear time, antihypertensive drug use, and familial structure.

Results
We studied 660 eFHS participants (mean age 53 years, SD 9 years; 387 [58.6%] women; 602 [91.2%] White) who wore the smartwatch 5 or more hours per day for 30 or more days and transmitted three or more BP readings. The mean daily step count was 7595 (SD 2718). The mean home systolic and diastolic BP (mmHg) were 122 (SD 12) and 76 (SD 8). Every 1000 increase in the step count was associated with a 0.49 mmHg lower home systolic BP (P=.004) and 0.36 mmHg lower home diastolic BP (P=.003). The association, however, was attenuated and became statistically nonsignificant with further adjustment for BMI.

Conclusions
In this community-based sample of adults, higher daily habitual physical activity measured by a smartwatch was associated with a moderate, but statistically significant, reduction in home BP. Differences in BMI among study participants accounted for the majority of the observed association.
A character building effort for students in Barokah Nandan Sukoharjo Boarding School through three success programs: Alim faqih, Akhlakul karimah and Mandiri
Authors: Alfauzi Alfian Ubaidillah , Choiriyah Siti 
Published: June 2021

Most of the students in Islamic boarding schools know the knowledge but do not implement it in daily life due to a lack of akhlakul karimah awareness. Based on this, a study aims to describe and analyze the implementation of the Three Success program in building the students' characters. Three Success program is a special program in Pondok Pesantren (Islamic Boarding School) Barokah Nandan Sukoharjo which consists of Alim Faqih, Akhlakul Karimah and Mandiri (Religious, Noble, and Independent). This research was a descriptive qualitative study. The subjects were Staff of Students Affairs, Students, and Ustadz (teachers) in the boarding school. The data collection was conducted by observation, interview, and documentation. To determine the validity of the data, the researcher used triangulation of methods and triangulation of sources. The data were analyzed using interactive data analysis with the procedure as data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The study results conclude that the implementation of the Three Success program was carried out by inviting students to participate in the activities within the program. This study contributes in overcoming the problem of students’ characters deviation in Islamic boarding school and as an effort to enrich the knowledge in the education field, especially those related to the character building of Islamic boarding school students.
1002-P: HbA1c Level in Severe COVID-19 Patients Is Not Only a Marker of Glycemic Status but Also of Acute Erythrocyte Damage
Authors: SHESTAKOVA MARINA V. , KONONENKO IRINA , KALMYKOVA ZILYA , ZHELEZNYAKOVA ANNA , MOKRYSHEVA NATALIA 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: COVID-19 can trigger either transient stress-induced state, or newly onset diabetes mellitus (DM). It is well known that HbA1c serves as an indicator of glycemic status 12 weeks before the acute disease.
Aim: To examine glycemic status at admission and 6 weeks after hospital discharge in patients with confirmed COVID-19 but no previous DM-history.
Methods: Of 155 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and pneumonia 111 persons had no previous DM-history. The levels of HbA1с, fasting and admission plasma glucose (FPG and APG) were measured at admission and 6 weeks after the discharge. The severity of COVID-19 was confirmed by CT scan, SpO2, serum IL-6, CRP, D-dimer.
Results: All 111 patients had normal FPG and APG values. According to HbA1c level all the patients were divided into two groups: A) HbA1c≤6.0% (n=64, median 5,8%) and B) HbA1c&gt;6,0% (n=47, median 6,4%). Our particular interest was focused on the group B due to the discrepancy of high HbA1c level and normal FPG and APG. Group B patients were retested for glycemic status in 6±1 week after the discharge. Surprisingly the median HbA1c level dropped down from 6,4% to 5,7% in such a short period of time with no antidiabetic drugs. COVID-19 severity markers were significantly higher in the group B.
Conclusions: We suggest two explanations for this faster than expected HbA1c decrease: 1) patients with HbA1c&gt;6,0% will progress to DM later, and, therefore, a longer follow-up is needed; 2) SARS-CoV-2 virus has extensively glycosylated spike(S)-protein that may bind to erythrocytes. High-pressure liquid chromatography (the standard method for HbA1c) probably fails to separate the glycated 1-β-chain of hemoglobin from glycated viral spikes. In this case, abnormally high HbA1c in COVID-19 patients with no DM-history may serve as a marker of severe viral erythrocyte damage rather than a marker for the glucose control. This hypothesis is confirmed by the prompt (in 6 weeks) normalization of HbA1c level following the virus elimination.

Disclosure
M. V. Shestakova: None. I. Kononenko: None. Z. Kalmykova: None. A. Zheleznyakova: None. N. Mokrysheva: None.

Funding
Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (075-15-2020-899)