bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐year persistence of neutralizing anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies in dialysis patients recovered from COVID‐19
Authors: Alfano Gaetano , Fontana Francesco , Morisi Niccolò , Giaroni Francesco , Mori Giacomo , Guaraldi Giovanni , Magistroni Riccardo , Cappelli Gianni ,   Modena Covid‐19 Working Group (MoCo19)
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe immunological mechanisms that modulate immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection remain elusive. Little is known on the magnitude and the durability of antibody response against COVID‐19. There is consensus that patients with immune dysfunction, such as dialysis patients, may be unable to mount a robust and durable humoral immunity after infections. Recent studies showed that dialysis patients seroconverted after COVID‐19, but data on the durability of the immune response are missing. We reported the data of a durable anti‐spike protein seroconversion after natural SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in three patients on hemodialysis with a mean age of 67.2 ± 13.8 years. A mean antibody titer of 212.6 ± 174.9 UA/ml (Liaison®, DiaSorin) was found after one year (range, 366–374 days) from the diagnosis of COVID‐19. In conclusion, this case series provided evidence that patients receiving hemodialysis who recovered from severe COVID‐19 were able to mount a long‐lasting immune response against SARS‐CoV‐2. Although the protective capacity of this long‐term immunity remains to be determined, these patients did not report signs of reinfection after recovery from COVID‐19.
Elevated serum thyrotropin levels and endothelial dysfunction in a prospective hemodialysis cohort
Authors: You Amy S. , Budoff Matthew , Zeb Irfan , Ahmadi Naser , Novoa Alejandra , Flores Ferdinand , Hamal Sajad , Kinninger April , Dailing Christopher , Nakata Tracy , Kovesdy Csaba P. , Nguyen Danh V. , Brent Gregory A. , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kamyar , Rhee Connie M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionThyroid dysfunction is a highly prevalent yet under‐recognized complication in hemodialysis patients. In the general population, hypothyroidism has been associated with endothelial dysfunction due to impaired vasodilator synthesis and activity. Little is known about the association of serum thyrotropin (TSH), the most sensitive and specific single biochemical metric of thyroid function, with endothelial function in hemodialysis patients.MethodsIn a secondary analysis of 99 patients from the Anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidative nutrition in hypoalbuminemic dialysis patients (AIONID) trial, we examined measurements of serum TSH and endothelial function ascertained by fingertip digital thermal monitoring (DTM), a novel method used to measure micro‐vascular reactivity, collected within a 90‐day period. DTM was used to measure changes in fingertip temperature during and after an ischemic stimulus (blood pressure cuff occlusion) as an indicator of changes in blood flow, and two DTM indices were assessed, namely adjusted (a) Temperature Rebound (TR), defined as the maximum temperature rebound post‐cuff deflation, and adjusted (b) Area Under the Temperature Curve (TMP‐AUC), defined as area under the curve between the maximum and minimum temperatures. We examined the relationship between serum TSH with impaired TR (separately) and TMP‐AUC (both defined as less than the median level of observed values) using multivariable logistic regression.FindingsIn unadjusted and case‐mix analyses, higher serum TSH levels (defined as the three highest quartiles) were associated with lower (worse) TR (ref: lowest TSH quartile): ORs (95% CI) 2.64 (1.01–6.88) and 2.85 (1.08–7.57), respectively. In unadjusted and case‐mix analyses, higher TSH levels were associated with lower (worse) TMP‐AUC: ORs (95% CI) 2.64 (1.01–6.88) and 2.79 (1.06–7.38), respectively.DiscussionIn HD patients, higher serum TSH levels were associated with worse micro‐vascular reactivity measured by DTM. Further studies are needed to determine if thyroid hormone supplementation improves endothelial function in hemodialysis patients with lower levels of thyroid function.
Analysis on the microstructure and magnetic properties of MgGaFeO4 spinel compound
Authors: Hu Jiyu , Liu Chaocheng , Wang Min , Wang Meiling , Kan Xucai , Zheng Ganhong , Ma Yongqing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe single phase of the spinel ferrite MgGaFeO4 is successfully prepared by the high‐temperature solid‐state reaction. The crystal structure, cation distribution, valence state, and magnetic properties are systematically investigated through various techniques in this work. From the analysis of X‐ray diffraction, the face‐centered cubic structure with the space group Fd3m for the single‐phase sample is obtained. The magnetic hysteresis loops M(H) shows a typical magnetic hysteresis behavior at 5 K, while an obvious paramagnetic behavior can be observed at room temperature. The characteristics of magnetic properties suggest that the intrinsic ferromagnetic (FM) interaction and magnetic frustration are cooperated in the system. The specific divergence and irreversibility in the temperature‐dependent magnetization curves M(T) indicate a typical spin‐glass (SG) behavior, which occurring around the freezing temperature Tf = 40 K. Further analysis of the isothermal remanent magnetization (MIRM) suggests the existence of an intensive magnetic frustration state, which leads to stable residual magnetization without decaying under a long time span. More than that, based on the corresponding fitting parameters (τ0 = 8 × 10−12 s, zv = 6.32 and T0 = 56.2 K), the SG state in the sample is further confirmed. The following detailed analyses reveal that the competitions between antiferromagnetic (AFM) and ferromagnetic (FM) interactions definitely exist in MgGaFeO4, which should be the response to motivate the SG behavior.
Verbal working memory and processing speed: Correlations with the severity of attention deficit and emotional dysregulation in adult ADHD
Authors: Anker Espen , Ogrim Geir , Heir Trond 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesThe Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM‐5), emphasizes symptoms severity with regard to the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Many clinicians use neuropsychological test results as objective measures of cognitive functions as part of the diagnostic work‐up. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the psychometric test results regarding verbal working memory and processing speed are useful as indicators of the severity of attention deficits and emotional dysregulation in adults with ADHD.MethodsThis observational cross‐sectional clinical study included 418 adults diagnosed with ADHD according to the DSM‐5. Attention deficit severity was defined based on the inattentive subscale of the Adult ADHD Self‐Report Scale. Emotional dysregulation was assessed with the Deficient Emotional Self‐Regulation scale. Verbal working memory was measured with the Working Memory Index (WMI), and processing speed was measured with the Processing Speed Index (PSI) from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, third edition.ResultsThe full‐scale intelligence quotients of the participants were in the normal range, with expected reductions in verbal working memory and processing speed. Only processing speed was associated with attention deficits (β = −.056, p = .003). The association between the psychometric test result for verbal working memory and processing speed and that between the severity of attention deficits and emotional dysregulation were weak (R2 < .1) and mostly non‐significant.ConclusionThe psychometric index scores for verbal working memory (WMI) and processing speed (PSI) seem to have limited utility as indicators of the severity of attention deficits and emotional dysregulation in adult ADHD patients.
Effects of multimedia‐based information on anxiety, discomfort and satisfaction with care among patients undergoing cerebral angiography: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Choi Hyunjung , Kim Jiyoung 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesThis study investigated the effects of multimedia‐based information on anxiety, discomfort and satisfaction with care among patients undergoing cerebral angiography.BackgroundCerebral angiography is the gold standard for diagnosing cerebrovascular conditions; however, patients might experience related anxiety and discomfort. For such patients, reductions in anxiety related to informational interventions have been inconsistent, and the effects on patient discomfort and satisfaction with nurses were not confirmed.DesignThis quasi‐experimental study with a non‐equivalent, control group, non‐synchronised design was conducted using the TREND checklist.MethodsFifty‐five patients who underwent cerebral angiography at a neurosurgery ward were enrolled in this study. Twenty‐seven patients in the experimental group were provided multimedia‐based information on cerebral angiography, including actual on‐site photographs and videos, an explanation of the benefits of cerebral angiography and introduction to medical staff. Twenty‐eight in the control group were provided a printed explanation. The collected data were analysed using the χ²‐test, Fisher's exact test, independent t test, paired t test or ANCOVA.ResultsIn the experimental group, anxiety was significantly decreased post‐intervention, and there was a significant difference in state anxiety between the experimental and control groups. Discomfort and satisfaction with care also showed significant differences between these two groups.ConclusionThis study confirmed that multimedia‐based information decreases patient anxiety and discomfort while increasing satisfaction with care among those undergoing cerebral angiography compared with a printed explanation only.Relevance to clinical practiceThe anxiety and discomfort of patients undergoing cerebral angiography should be considered a major nursing problem. This study evaluated the effects of multimedia‐based information on anxiety, discomfort and satisfaction with care among patients undergoing cerebral angiography and showed it to be an effective nursing intervention.
Quantitative easing and economic growth in Japan: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Ferreira‐Lopes Alexandra , Linhares Pedro , Martins Luís Filipe , Sequeira Tiago Neves 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe present an original meta‐probit analysis for the effect of the Bank of Japan monetary policy on economic growth for the period 2001–2020, using 45 studies. We use impulse response functions in VAR type models to assess if the effects on output of unconventional monetary policies are significant (positive or negative) or not. Funnel asymmetry and precision effect tests do not provide a striking evidence of publication bias. Additionally, we do not find a consensus regarding the output growth effects during the quantitative easing years. Besides variables linked with the studies’ methodological features, other variables such as industrial production and the price level have a greater effect on the probability of reporting statistically significant (positive) effects of quantitative easing on output growth. However, one of the most important (policy) implications of our study is that the evidence for a significant real effect of unconventional monetary policy is weak.
The Parastagonospora nodorum necrotrophic effector SnTox5 targets the wheat gene Snn5 and facilitates entry into the leaf mesophyll
Authors: Kariyawasam Gayan K. , Richards Jonathan K. , Wyatt Nathan A. , Running Katherine L. D. , Xu Steven S. , Liu Zhaohui , Borowicz Pawel , Faris Justin D. , Friesen Timothy L. 
Published: July 2021

Summary

Parastagonospora nodorum is an economically important necrotrophic fungal pathogen of wheat. Parastagonospora nodorum secretes necrotrophic effectors that target wheat susceptibility genes to induce programmed cell death (PCD). In this study, we cloned and functionally validated SnTox5 and characterized its role in pathogenesis.

We used whole genome sequencing, genome‐wide association study (GWAS) mapping, CRISPR‐Cas9‐based gene disruption, gain‐of‐function transformation, quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis, haplotype and isoform analysis, protein modeling, quantitative PCR, and laser confocal microscopy to validate SnTox5 and functionally characterize SnTox5.

SnTox5 is a mature 16.26 kDa protein with high structural similarity to SnTox3. Wild‐type and mutant P. nodorum strains and wheat genotypes of SnTox5 and Snn5, respectively, were used to show that SnTox5 not only targets Snn5 to induce PCD but also facilitates the colonization of the mesophyll layer even in the absence of Snn5.

Here we show that SnTox5 facilitates the efficient colonization of the mesophyll tissue and elicits PCD specific to host lines carrying Snn5. The homology to SnTox3 and the ability of SnTox5 to facilitate the colonizing of the mesophyll also suggest a role in the suppression of host defense before PCD induction.
Improving cognitive control: Is theta neurofeedback training associated with proactive rather than reactive control enhancement?
Authors: Eschmann Kathrin C. J. , Mecklinger Axel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFrontal‐midline (FM) theta activity (4–8 Hz) is proposed to reflect a mechanism for cognitive control that is needed for working memory retention, manipulation, and interference resolution. Modulation of FM theta activity via neurofeedback training (NFT) demonstrated transfer to some but not all types of cognitive control. Therefore, the present study investigated whether FM theta NFT enhances performance and modulates underlying EEG characteristics in a delayed match to sample (DMTS) task requiring mainly proactive control and a color Stroop task requiring mainly reactive control. Moreover, temporal characteristics of transfer were explored over two posttests. Across seven 30‐min NFT sessions, an FM theta training group exhibited a larger FM theta increase compared to an active control group who upregulated randomly chosen frequency bands. In a posttest performed 13 days after the last training session, the training group showed better retention performance in the DMTS task. Furthermore, manipulation performance was associated with NFT theta increase for the training but not the control group. Contrarily, behavioral group differences and their relation to FM theta change were not significant in the Stroop task, suggesting that NFT is associated with proactive but not reactive control enhancement. Transfer to both tasks at a posttest one day after training was not significant. Behavioral improvements were not accompanied by changes in FM theta activity, indicating no training‐induced modulation of EEG characteristics. Together, these findings suggest that NFT supports transfer to cognitive control that manifests late after training but that other training‐unspecific factors may also contribute to performance enhancement.
The impact of ageing on the incidence and mortality rate of bloodstream infection: A hospital‐based case–cohort study in a tertiary public hospital of Brazil
Authors: da Silva Natalia C. Z. , da Rocha Jaqueline A. , do Valle Fernanda M. , Silva Ana Sheila D. N. , Ehrlich Shelley , Martins Ianick Souto 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveOver the past few decades, life expectancy in Brazil has increased from 48 years in 1950s to 76 years in 2017. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of ageing on: (1) the frequency of hospitalisations due to bloodstream infection (BSI); (2) the incidence of hospital‐acquired BSI (H‐BSI); (3) the incidence of BSI caused by multidrug‐resistant (MDR) agents and (4) the mortality rate of BSI in a public hospital.MethodsA hospital‐based case‐cohort study was conducted between 1 December 2013 and 31 December 2015. The data were analysed using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsA total of 500 BSI episodes were detected, among 11,102 hospitalizations. The incidence of hospitalisations resulting from BSI was significantly higher in older than younger patients (3.7/100 vs. 2.0/100, p < 0.01). Similarly, the incidence of hospital‐acquired BSI was significantly higher in older patients (2.7/100 vs. 0.9/100, p < 0.01). Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.9%), Staphylococcus aureus (14.3%), Escherichia coli (13.1%) and Acinetobacter spp. (12.1%) were the most common agents isolated. MDR agents caused 37.6% of the BSI episodes; enteric Gram‐negative bacilli resistant to third‐ or fourth‐generation cephalosporins (9.7%) and carbapenem‐resistant Acinetobacter spp. (9.2%) were the most common MDR agents. The following complications were independently associated with ageing: Charlson comorbidity index (OR = 1.16; 95% CI = 1.09–1.24); BSI secondary to urinary tract infection (OR = 2.14; 95% CI = 1.29–3.55); BSI secondary to pneumonia (OR = 1.77; 95% CI = 1.07–2.93) and 30‐day mortality following BSI (OR = 2.19; 95% CI = 1.43–3.36).ConclusionsThese data suggest ageing has a significant impact on hospitalisations due to BSI, H‐BSI incidence and mortality from BSI in older patients attending a Brazilian public hospital. Age was not significantly associated with MDR‐related BSI. These results indicate that age plays an important role in the increase in morbidities and mortality resulting from BSI in Brazil and that with the increased life expectancy observed over recent decades in Brazil, the burden of BSI will be expected to continue to increase. This dynamic needs to be better understood with additional studies.
Monocular Vision-Based Retinal Membrane Peeling With a Handheld Robot
Authors: Han Yuqiao , Routray Arpita , Adeghate Jennifer O. , MacLachlan Robert A. , Martel Joseph N. , Riviere Cameron N. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Retinal membrane peeling requires delicate manipulation. The presence of the surgeon's physiological tremor, the high variability and often low quality of the ophthalmic image, and excessive forces make the tasks more challenging. Preventing unintended movement caused by tremor and unintentional forces can reduce membrane injury. With the use of an actively stabilized handheld robot, we employ a monocular camera-based surface reconstruction method to estimate the retinal plane and we propose the use of a virtual fixture with the application of a hard stop and motion scaling to improve control of the tool tip during delaminating in a laboratory simulation of retinal membrane peeling. A hard stop helps to limit downward force exerted on the surface. Motion scaling also improves the user's control of contact force when delaminating. We demonstrate a reduction of maximum force and maximum surface-penetration distance from the estimated retinal plane using the proposed technique.
Impact Characteristics of a Carbonated Water Droplet on Hydrophobic Surface
Authors: Abubakar Abba Abdulhamid , Yilbas Bekir Sami , Al-Qahtani Hussain 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Carbonated water drops impact on a hydrophobic surface is examined. The influence of CO2 gas bubbles in droplet fluid on impacting droplet characteristics, such as spreading rates and restitution coefficient, are explored. The predictions of droplet wetting diameter and spreading rates are validated through the experimental data obtained from high-speed recording. The findings reveal that predictions agree well with the experimental data. CO2 gas bubbles in the droplet are compressed by the total impact pressure of the droplet liquid while slightly reducing the gas bubble sizes. The small size of close by bubbles at high pressure can merge forming large size bubbles, which occur toward the end of droplet spreading and retraction periods. The pressure increase in the fluid gives rise to the increased vertical height of the droplet and slightly reduces the droplet contact diameter on the impacted surface. The work done during the compression of CO2 gas in bubbles lowers the restitution coefficient of the droplet after the retraction period.
Scoping review exploring the impact of digital systems on processes and outcomes in the care management of acute kidney injury and progress towards establishing learning healthcare systems
Authors: Chew Clair Ka Tze , Hogan Helen , Jani Yogini 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesDigital systems have long been used to improve the quality and safety of care when managing acute kidney injury (AKI). The availability of digitised clinical data can also turn organisations and their networks into learning healthcare systems (LHSs) if used across all levels of health and care. This review explores the impact of digital systems i.e. on patients with AKI care, to gauge progress towards establishing LHSs and to identify existing gaps in the research.MethodsEmbase, PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched. Studies of real-time or near real-time digital AKI management systems which reported process and outcome measures were included.ResultsThematic analysis of 43 studies showed that most interventions used real-time serum creatinine levels to trigger responses to enable risk prediction, early recognition of AKI or harm prevention by individual clinicians (micro level) or specialist teams (meso level). Interventions at system (macro level) were rare. There was limited evidence of change in outcomes.DiscussionWhile the benefits of real-time digital clinical data at micro level for AKI management have been evident for some time, their application at meso and macro levels is emergent therefore limiting progress towards establishing LHSs. Lack of progress is due to digital maturity, system design, human factors and policy levers.ConclusionFuture approaches need to harness the potential of interoperability, data analytical advances and include multiple stakeholder perspectives to develop effective digital LHSs in order to gain benefits across the system.
Effect of reducing ultraprocessed food consumption on obesity among US children and adolescents aged 7–18 years: evidence from a simulation model
Authors: Livingston Anne Scott , Cudhea Frederick , Wang Lu , Steele Euridice Martinez , Du Mengxi , Wang Y Claire , Pomeranz Jennifer , Mozaffarian Dariush , Zhang Fang Fang 
Published: July 2021

Background
Children and adolescents in the USA consume large amounts of daily calories from ultraprocessed foods (UPFs). Recent evidence links UPF consumption to increased body fat in youth. We aimed to estimate the potential impact of reducing UPF consumption on childhood obesity rate in the USA.

Methods
We developed a microsimulation model to project the effect of reducing UPF consumption in children’s diet on reducing the prevalence of overweight or obesity among US youth. The model incorporated nationally representative data on body mass index (BMI) percentile and dietary intake of 5804 children and adolescents aged 7–18 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2016, and the effect of reducing UPF consumption on calorie intake from a recent randomised controlled trial. Uncertainties of model inputs were incorporated using probabilistic sensitivity analysis with 1000 simulations.

Results

Reducing UPFs in children’s diet was estimated to result in a median of −2.09 kg/m
2
(95% uncertainty interval −3.21 to –0.80) reduction in BMI among children and adolescents aged 7–18 years. The median prevalence of overweight (BMI percentile ≥85th) and obesity (BMI percentile ≥95th percentile) was reduced from 37.0% (35.9%, 38.1%) to 20.9% (15.1%, 29.9%) and from 20.1% (19.2%, 21.0%) to 11.0% (7.86%, 15.8%), respectively. Larger BMI and weight reductions were seen among boys than girls, adolescents than children, non-Hispanic black and Hispanic youth than non-Hispanic white youth, and those with lower levels of parental education and family income.

Conclusions
Reducing UPF consumption in children’s diet has the potential to substantially reduce childhood obesity rate among children and adolescents in the USA.