bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multistage Fractional Crystallization in the Continental Arc Magmatic System: Constraints from the Appinites in Tengchong Block, Southeastern Extension of Tibet
Authors: Zhao Shao-Wei , Yang Chao , Lai Shao-Cong , Pei Xian-Zhi , Li Zuo-Chen , Zhu Ren-Zhi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The petrogenesis and evolution process of continental arc magmatism provide insight into discovering the formation and differentiation of continental crust. Therefore, the geochemical, isotopic, and mineralogical analyses were conducted for coeval continental arc igneous rocks in the Tengchong Block to clarify their evolution process in the continental arc magmatic systems. The Middle Triassic appinites in the Tengchong Block, southeastern extension of Tibet, were generated at the subduction setting with zircon U-Pb age of ca. 243 Ma. The Nb/Yb, Zr/Yb, and Ta/Yb ratios along with depleted zircon Hf isotopic compositions indicate a source with an N-MORB affinity for the appinites. However, relatively enriched whole-rock Sr-Nd isotopic compositions with the characteristic of high Sr/Nd, Ba/Th, Th/La, and Th/Nd ratios suggest the source was metasomatized by ~2% subducted sediment-derived fluid. According to the REE ratios modeling, the primary magma of Nabang appinites was due to 5-10% partial melting of such metasomatized mantle source. The appinites are characterized by variable compositions, such as SiO2 contents of 47.82-61.74 wt.% and MgO of 10.61-2.61 wt.%, which resulted from the polybaric and multistage fractional crystallization of a slightly hydrous primary magma in a thick crust. At lower crustal pressures, clinopyroxene was the main fractionating phase, and at middle crustal pressures, amphibole+magnetite were the dominant fractionating phases; predominant plagioclase fractionation occurred at the magma emplacement level. This process could be an effective mechanism to induce the differentiation of continental crust. The fractionation of clinopyroxene and amphibole, accompanied by suppressing plagioclase at lower-middle crustal pressures, induces the high alumina in the evolved melt and forms high-alumina basaltic to andesitic magma.
WITHDRAWN: Proxalutamide (GT0918) Reduces the Rate of Hospitalization and Death in COVID-19 Male Patients: A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Trial.
Authors: McCoy John , Goren Andy , Cadegiani Flavio Adsuara , Vaño-Galván Sergio , Kovacevic Maja , Fonseca Daniel , Dorner Edinete , Onety Dirce Costa , Zimerman Ricardo Ariel , Wambier Carlos Gustavo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background: Antiandrogens have demonstrated a protective effect for COVOD-19 patients in observational and interventional studies. The goal of this study was to determine if proxalutamide, an androgen receptor antagonist, could be an effective treatment for men with COVID-19 in an outpatient setting. Study design and methods: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted at two outpatient centers (Brasilia, Brazil). Patients were recruited from October 21 to December 24, 2020 (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04446429). Male patients with confirmed COVID-19 but not requiring hospitalization (COVID-19 8-point ordinal scale <3) were administered proxalutamide 200mg/day or placebo for up to 7 days. The primary endpoint was hospitalization rate at 30 days post-randomization.Results: A total of 268 men were randomized in a 1:1 ratio. 134 patients receiving proxalutamide and 134 receiving placebo were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. The 30-day hospitalization rate was 2.2% in men taking proxalutamide compared to 26% in placebo, P<0.001. The 30-day hospitalization risk ratio was 0.09; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.03 to 0.27. Patients in the proxalutamide arm more frequently reported gastrointestinal adverse events, however, no patient discontinued treatment. In placebo group, 6 patients were lost to follow-up, and 2 patients died from acute respiratory distress syndrome.Conclusion: The hospitalization rate in proxalutamide treated men was reduced by 91% compared to usual care. Trial Registration: NCT04446429
Provenance of the Zhou Dynasty Bronze Vessels Unearthed from Zongyang County, Anhui Province, China: Determined by Lead Isotopes and Trace Elements
Authors: Wang Yanjie , Wei Guofeng , Li Qiang , Zheng Xiaoping , Wang Danchun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Thirteen Zhou Dynasty bronze vessels and two slags from Zongyang County along the north bank of the Yangtze River in Anhui were analyzed by LA-MC-ICP-MS and EDXRF. The results of the lead isotope analysis showed that there were two kinds of lead materials in the Zongyang bronzes. Class Ⅰ which could have originated from the Wannan region were mainly used in the Western Zhou and the following Spring and Autumn periods; while Class Ⅱ, possibly from the local mines in Zongyang County, were mainly present in the Warring States period. Such a shift in the ore material sources is also revealed by the analysis of the trace elements of the Zongyang bronzes. With reference to relevant historical documents, it can be inferred that the transformation of the bronze material sources could be related to the changes of the political situation during the Zhou Dynasty.
Hot–Dog Structured Protective Nanocoating for Multifunctional Cotton Fabric Through Spray Assisted Layer–by–Layer Assembly
Authors: Zeng Fanxin , Xu Xian , Shen Yueying , Liu Yeping , Shan Xueshi , QIN Zongyi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Multifunctional cotton fabric was preparation by low–cost and environmental–friendly spray–assisted layer–by–layer assembly to achieve simultaneously excellent self–extinguishing ability, antistatic property and antimicrobial activity. Especially, a novel hot–dog structured protective coating was designed through introducing polyaniline nanofibers into graphene nanosheets, which can exhibit unique structural advantages and give full play to the compound synergetic effect. More clearly, 3–aminopropyl triethoxysilane, ammonium polyphosphate and polyaniline were selected for phosphorus–silicon–nitrogen synergism in the assembled layer, while PANI nanofibers doped with various organic acids were penetrated into the graphene nanosheets for constructing more stable and efficient protective space. The optimized coated fabric exhibited the excellent self–extinguishing ability for 5 composite layers including phytic acid doped nanofiber, and a significantly enhanced LOI to 35.1 % from 18.1 % for neat cotton fabrics. Moreover, the peak heat release rate and the total heat release values were significantly declined by 78.3 % and 49.0 %, respectively. Furthermore, a low sheet resistance of 264.7 kΩ/sq for antistatic property, as well as remarkable growth inhibition of E. coli and S. aureus can be achieved. In addition, the fabrics also displayed the good washing durability. Therefore, such eco–friendly and facile large–scale fabrication approach has great potentials in application for multifunctional advanced textiles and could be employed to various other cellulose fibers.
Angiographic Findings in Cases with a History of Severe Retinopathy of Prematurity Treated with anti-VEGFs Follow-up to Age 6 Years
Authors: Celiker Hande , Sahin Ozlem 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To report the effects of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment in vascular development for cases of acute retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) using fluorescent angiography (FA) and to present the results of our observational approach to retinal sequelae.Methods: A total of 31 eyes in 19 patients with a history of treatment with anti-VEGF agents for classic type 1 ROP and aggressive posterior ROP who underwent FA between March 2014 to February 2020 were reviewed. Angiograms of retinal developmental features of patients aged 4 months to 6 years were examined. Results: The patients mean gestational age were 26.06±1.90 weeks and the mean birth weight were 837.68±236.79g. All cases showed various abnormalities at the vascular and avascular retina, and the posterior pole. All but one case showed a peripheral avascular area on FA evaluation during the follow-up period. We did not apply prophylactic laser treatment to these avascular retina. On the final examination, except one case, we did not observe any late reactivation in any patients. Conclusion: FA is an important tool for assessing vascular maturation in infants. Every leakage should not be assumed to be evidence of late activation, as some leaks may be related to vascular immaturity. Retinal vascularization may not be completed in all patients, however this does not mean that all these patients need prophylactic laser application. Our observational approach may be more daring than the reports frequently encountered in the literature, but it should be noted that unnecessary laser treatment will also eliminate all the advantages of anti-VEGF treatment.
Omnidirectional connectivity for the Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) across the Colombian Andes
Authors: Hohbein Rhianna Rachelle , Nibbelink Nathan P. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Context Conserving or restoring connectivity is a common objective of landscape-scale conservation initiatives. However, precise species occurrence or movement data to inform or validate spatial models are often lacking. Objectives Our objectives were to 1) produce the first approximation of country-wide connectivity for Andean bears ( Tremarctos ornatus ) in Colombia and 2) demonstrate a novel approach for model validation which uses publicly available web and social media records of a flagship species. Methods We used general knowledge about Andean bear habitat associations and indices of ecological integrity to construct a resistance surface across the Colombian Andes. We used this resistance surface to model omnidirectional connectivity using circuit theory. We validated our model with coarse location data acquired from local news stories and social media posts. Results Our model was most sensitive to changes in the resistance values of agricultural landcover and the mid-elevational zone, but uncertainty analysis demonstrated these had little impact on our conclusions regarding the municipalities most conducive to Andean bear movement. Just over one-third of those areas most conducive to Andean bear movement were within protected areas, while 8% coincided with agricultural landcover. Conclusions We constructed a model of connectivity that did not rely on independent, empirically derived location data. Our model is coarse (1 km resolution) but can still provide useful information to practitioners in Colombia who are working with scarce ecological data. More information about how Andean bears move through agricultural landscapes would help improve our understanding of connectivity for this species in Colombia.
Characterization of the Groundwater Quality in Udham Singh Nagar of Kumaun Himalaya, Uttarakhand
Authors: Singh Somvir , Gautam Param , Sarkar Tandrila , Taloor Ajay Kumar 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Udham Singh Nagar district is affluent in fertile land, water resources, and even favoured for industrial advancement, thereby resulting in a rapid increase of industrialization and urban growth, which are the inevitable causes for groundwater contamination. During recent years the increased rate of urbanization and the establishment of Integrated Industrial Estate (IIE) at Pantnagar, Kashipur and Sitarganj area (of the district) have increased the demand for groundwater. A proper groundwater resource planning and monitoring on a regional scale is required to cope with the pace of rapid urbanization and industrialization along with dire irrigation needs. To suffice this strategy, the spatial distribution of water quality shall determine the kind of sustainable approach to be implemented in an area. The objective of this research is to assess the hydrochemical quality of the groundwater in Udham Singh Nagar district (areal extent 3055 Km2), Uttarakhand. The groundwater samples collected from the aquifer have shown anomalous values of Total Hardness (TH), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Magnesium (Mg2+), Iron (Fe2+), and Lead (Pb2+) on undergoing major elemental analysis which confirms about degradation in the groundwater quality. Moreover, the Piper Trilinear Diagram (PTD) has identified the hydrochemical facies, and characterization of groundwater. Based on the interpretation of TDS, most groundwater samples <500 mg/l dissolved solids, making it desirable for drinking. Therefore, this phenomenon attributes to suitable drinking water present in the aquifer of Udham Singh Nagar district, Uttarakhand.
Effects of a Biomechanical-based Tai Chi Program on Gait and Posture in People With Parkinson’s Disease: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Law Nok-Yeung , Li Jing Xian , Zhu Qingguang , Nantel Julie 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundParkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with changes in gait and posture that can lead to a higher frequency of falls and injuries in this population. Research has shown a positive effect of tai chi (TC) training on the movement capacity for those with PD, however the understanding of the impact of TC training on gait and postural stability in PD is lacking. This study aims to examine the impact of a biomechanical-based TC training on dynamic postural stability and how it relates to walking performance.Methods/DesignWe will conduct a prospective, single-blind, randomized control trial of 40 individuals with early-stage PD (Hoehn & Yahr stages 1 to 3). Those with PD will be randomly assigned to either a TC group or a control group. The TC group will participate in a biomechanical-based TC training program that is formed based on the movement analysis of TC and will be practiced two to three times a week for 12 weeks. The control group will be asked to engage or maintain their regular physical activity (PA) for a period of 12 weeks. The primary and secondary outcomes will be assessed at baseline, 6-week, and 12-week after commencing the study protocol. The primary outcome measures will include gait speed, cadence, step length during level surface walking (simple task) and fixed-obstacle crossing (challenging task); the dynamic postural stability will be indicated by the center of mass and center of pressure (COM-COP) separation distance and clearance distance measured during fixed-obstacle crossing. The secondary measures will be the Unified Parkinson’s disease Rating scale (UPDRS-III), single leg-stance test with eyes open and closed, and three cognitive scores (Stroop Test, Trail Making Test- Part B, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test). DiscussionThis protocol could lead to the development of an original and innovative TC training program for improvement of gait and postural stability among individuals with PD, which could help to improve or preserve the participants’ self-confidence, active participation in social activities, and therefore be beneficial to their overall quality of life.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (registry), NCT04644367 (registration number), November 25, 2020 (date of registration).
A Survey On Missing Data in Machine Learning
Authors: Emmanuel Tlamelo , Maupong Thabiso , Mpoeleng Dimane , Semong Thabo , Banyatsang Mphago , Tabona Oteng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Machine learning has been the corner stone in analysing and extracting information from data and often a problem of missing values is encountered. Missing values occur as a result of various factors like missing completely at random, missing at random or missing not at random. All these may be as a result of system malfunction during data collection or human error during data pre-processing. Nevertheless, it is important to deal with missing values before analysing data since ignoring or omitting missing values may result in biased or misinformed analysis. In literature there have been several proposals for handling missing values. In this paper we aggregate some of the literature on missing data particularly focusing on machine learning techniques. We also give insight on how the machine learning approaches work by highlighting the key features of the proposed techniques, how they perform, their limitations and the kind of data they are most suitable for. Finally, we experiment on the K nearest neighbor and random forest imputation techniques on novel power plant induced fan data and offer some possible future research direction.
COVID-19 Disposable Face Masks: a Precursor for Synthesis of Valuable Bioproducts
Authors: Oginni Oluwatosin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Disposable face mask has become a mandatory personal protective equipment in order to prevent contracting COVID-19. With the significant surge in its usage, its adverse environmental impact is becoming a source of concern. Disposable face masks are made from thermoplastic polymers and therefore they can be safely converted into valuable bioproducts. This paper discussed the possibility of converting waste/contaminated face masks into valuable bioproducts, which will essentially eliminate secondary transmission of the coronavirus and the concerns of environmental pollution.
Pyrolysis Treatment Enables Safe Application of Sewage Sludge in Horticulture – Tracking Potentially Toxic Elements Through the Biochar-Soil-Plant System in Tomato
Authors: Tahervand Samaneh , Jalali Mohsen , Buss Wolfram 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Biochar production via pyrolysis is a promising option to be used for sewage sludge treatment. Here we investigated the uptake of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from sewage sludge and its biochar (450°C) into cherry tomato plants and its fruits in pot experiments (2, 5 and 10%) to assess the health risks associated with fruit consumption. We further studied the ability of the PTE-rich amendments to immobilize PTEs already present in soil through spiking of soil (pH 7.4) with Cd, Cu and Zn. Our findings suggest that tomato consumption is not a human health risk when grown in soil amended with sewage sludge and its biochar; in most treatments PTE uptake into fruits was similar to the control. Vegetative plant growth was highest in sewage sludge-amended soils. Yet 5 and 10% biochar-amended soils significantly increased tomato fruit yield compared to untreated sewage sludge application (400–500% higher than 10% sewage sludge-amended soil) and significantly decreased fruit uptake of Cu and Zn. Importantly, biochar also significantly immobilized PTEs present in contaminated (spiked) soil. As expected, available (DTPA-extractable) PTE contents were typically lower in biochar-amended soil and sequential extraction indicated that the PTEs were predominantly bound in more recalcitrant soil fractions (organic matter associated and Fe-Mn oxides-bound). We conclude that pyrolysis can be a key technology for sewage sludge treatment and subsequent use of the biochar in urban, and potentially even contaminated, horticultural sites.
Effect of Slow-Release Non-Protein Nitrogen Produced from Agro-Industrial Byproducts on Bio Gas Production, Feed Digestibility and Inoculum Parameters
Authors: Amani-Yengejeh Masoumeh , Taghizadeh Akbar , Mohammadzadeh Hamid , Hosseinkhani Ali , Shirmohammadi Shahram , Abachi Soheila 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the recent decades, air and surface water pollution by nitrogen from agro-industrial discards has become a global environmental concern. Generally, these byproducts and or discards are nutrient rich and could inexpensively be utilized for various purposes marginally helping with mitigation strategies. In this context, our study was conducted in two phases: producing lactosylurea from agro-industrial by-products and subsequently evaluating the possibility of using lactosylurea as a non-protein nitrogen source in the ruminant’s diet and its effect on feed digestibility as well as ruminal parameters. Gas production test and in-vitro disappearance method were used to describe the kinetics of digestion in both dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) of the four experimental treatments. Protozoa count and total volatile fatty acids concentration were utilized to evaluate the ruminal parameters. The treatments were 1) basal diet + urea (BDU), 2) basal diet+ lactosylurea (BDL), 3) basal diet+ concentrated lactosylurea (BDCL), 4) basal diet+ Optigen (slow release NPN) (BDO). According to our findings, produced gas, DM, and CP disappearance in were significantly higher in concentrated lactosylurea and positive control groups than the other treatments (P<0.05). Moreover, estimated metabolizable energy, digestible organic matter and short chain fatty Acid were significantly higher for the same treatments (P<0.05). The values for protozoa count (2.66×106 organism/ml) and total volatile fatty acids concentration (30.96 mmol/L) were significantly lower and for urea treatment compared with others (P<0.05). In conclusion, lactosylurea as agro-industrial by-products can be a good alternative for urea or Optigen to reduce environmental contamination.
Genome-Wide Differences in Gene Expression and Alternative Splicing in Developing Embryo and Endosperm, and Between F1 Hybrids and Their Parental Pure Lines in Sorghum
Authors: Zhang Meishan , Li Ning , Yang Weiguang , Liu Bao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Differential regulation of gene expression and alternative splicing (AS) are major molecular mechanisms dictating plant growth and development, as well as underpinning heterosis in F1 hybrids. Here, using deep RNA-sequencing we analyzed differences in genome-wide gene expression and AS between developing embryo and endosperm, and between F1 hybrids and their pure-line parents in sorghum. We uncover dramatic differences in both gene expression and AS between embryo and endosperm with respect to gene features and functions, which are consistent with the fundamentally different biological roles of the two tissues. Accordingly, F1 hybrids showed substantial and multifaceted differences in gene expression and AS compared with their pure-line parents, again with clear tissue specificities including extents of difference, genes involved and functional enrichments. Our results provide useful transcriptome resources as well as novel insights for further elucidation of seed yield heterosis in sorghum and related crops.