bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengamatan Pertumbuhan Ayam Kampung pada Kondisi Pemeliharaan Intensif di Kabupaten Manokwari
Authors: Nani Zurahmah  , Oeng Anwarudin  
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pertumbuhan ayam kampung yang dipelihara intensif di kabupaten Manokwari. Sebanyak 65 ayam kampung (29 jantan dan 36 betina), berasal dari hasil penetasan 144 butir telur ayam kampung yang diambil secara acak di beberapa peternak di wilayah kabupaten Manokwari, provinsi Papua Barat, digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Ayam kampung hasil penetasan ini dipelihara secara intensif hingga berumur 4 bulan. Selama pemeliharaan, ayam-ayam diberi ransum berkadar protein 21 - 23% dan ME. 3000 - 3200 kcal/kg, dan ditimbang berat badannya setiap bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata berat badan ayam kampung penelitian pada yang jantan dan betina umur 1 bulan sebesar 363,8±48,1 g dan 321,9±55,8 g; umur 2 bulan sebesar 820,3±153,9 g dan 673,6±140,2 g; umur 3 bulan sebesar 1.324,5±319,6 g dan 1.073,6±265,1 g; umur 4 bulan sebesar 1.877,6±449,5 g dan 1.503,3±416,0 g; dan pertambahan berat badan (PBB) umur 1 hingga 4 bulan sebesar 1.513,8±426,8 g dan 1.181,4±381,9 g. Rata-rata berat badan dan PBB jantan dan betina di atas berbeda signifikan (P<0,05). Informasi hasil-hasil penelitian terdahulu pada kondisi serupa (pemeliharaan intensif) memberikan hasil yang beragam sehingga disimpulkan bahwa keragaman genetik pertumbuhan ayam kampung tergolong tinggi.
Pengaruh Pemberian Berbagai Jenis Pupuk terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Bayam Cabut (Amaranthus tricolor L.) di Kampung Adibaboi, Kelurahan Pasir Putih, Distrik Manokwari Timur, Kabupaten Manokwari, Provinsi Papua Barat
Authors: Desy Della Ardila  , Widyaningrum  , Elwin  
Published: September 2021

Bayam Amaranthus sp. adalah tanaman sayuran yang berasal dari wilayah Amerika. Jenis bayam yang sering dibudidayakan adalah bayam cabut (Amaranthus tricolor). Penggunaan pupuk organik maupun pupuk anorganik dalam budidaya bayam perlu dilakukan agar dapat meningkatkan produktivitas bayam. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari pemberian berbagai jenis pupuk terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman bayam cabut serta mengenalkan kepada petani tentang pupuk NPK, pupuk hayati (ecofarming) dan pupuk kandang (kotoran sapi). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kampung Adibaboi, Distrik Manokwari Timur, Kabupaten Manokwari. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial dengan setiap faktor terdiri dari 3 taraf perlakuan dengan 3 kali ulangan sehingga didapat 9 kombinasi perlakuan, faktor perlakuan yang diuji adalah varietas bayam cabut dan jenis pupuk. Parameter yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, luas daun, dan berat segar tanaman. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam atau analysis of variance (ANOVA) dan uji lanjut menggunakan Duncan multiple range test (DMRT). Uji lanjut DMRT menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh pupuk NPK pada varietas bayam maestro memberikan hasil tertinggi pada setiap parameter pengukuran. Pengaruh pupuk kandang dengan bayam varietas maestro memberikan hasil tertinggi kedua pada setiap parameter pengukuran, kemudian pengaruh pupuk ecofarming dengan bayam varietas belang memberikan hasil yang paling rendah pada setiap parameter pengukuran.
On the relationship of energetic particle precipitation and mesopause temperature
Authors: Enengl Florine , Partamies Noora , Ivchenko Nickolay , Baddeley Lisa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Energetic particle precipitation (EPP) has the potential to change the neutral atmospheric temperature in the mesopause region. However, recent results are inconsistent, leaving the mechanism and the actual effect still unresolved.
In this study we have searched for electron precipitation events and investigated a possible correlation between D-region electron density enhancements and simultaneous neutral temperature changes. The rotational temperature of the excited hydroxyl (OH) molecules is retrieved from the infrared spectrum of the OH airglow. The electron density is monitored by the European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association (EISCAT) Svalbard Radar. We use all available experiments from the International Polar Year (IPY) in 2007–2008 until February 2019. Particle precipitation events are characterized by rapid increases in electron density by a factor of 4 at an altitude range of 80–95 km, which overlaps with the nominal altitude of the infrared OH airglow layer. The OH airglow measurements and the electron density measurements are co-located.
Six of the 10 analysed electron precipitation events are associated with a temperature decrease of 10–20 K. Four events were related to a temperature change of less than 10 K. We interpret the results in terms of the change in the chemical composition in the mesosphere. Due to EPP ionization the population of excited OH at the top of the airglow layer may decrease. As a consequence, the airglow peak height changes and the temperatures are probed at lower altitudes. The observed change in temperature thus depends on the behaviour of the vertical temperature profile within the airglow layer. This is in agreement with conclusions of earlier studies but is, for the first time, constructed from electron precipitation measurements as opposed to proxies. The EPP-related temperature change recovers very fast, typically within less than 60 min. We therefore further conclude that this type of EPP event reaching the mesopause region would only have a significant impact on the longer-term heat balance in the mesosphere if the lifetime of the precipitation was much longer than that of an EPP event (30–60 min) found in this study.
Fluvial carbon dioxide emission from the Lena River basin during the spring flood
Authors: Vorobyev Sergey N. , Karlsson Jan , Kolesnichenko Yuri Y. , Korets Mikhail A. , Pokrovsky Oleg S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from inland waters of permafrost-affected regions is one of the key factors of circumpolar aquatic ecosystem response to climate warming and permafrost thaw. Riverine systems of central and eastern Siberia contribute a significant part of the water and carbon (C) export to the Arctic Ocean, yet their C exchange with the atmosphere remains poorly known due to lack of in situ GHG concentration and emission estimates. Here we present the results of continuous in situ pCO2 measurements over a 2600 km transect of the Lena River main stem and lower reaches of 20 major tributaries (together representing a watershed area of 1 661 000 km2, 66 % of the Lena's basin), conducted at the peak of the spring flood. The pCO2 in the Lena (range 400–1400 µatm) and tributaries (range 400–1600 µatm) remained generally stable (within ca. 20 %) over the night–day period and across the river channels. The pCO2 in tributaries increased northward with mean annual temperature decrease and permafrost increase; this change was positively correlated with C stock in soil, the proportion of deciduous needleleaf forest, and the riparian vegetation. Based on gas transfer coefficients obtained from rivers of the Siberian permafrost zone (k=4.46 m d−1), we calculated CO2 emission for the main stem and tributaries. Typical fluxes ranged from 1 to 2 gCm-2d-1 (>99 % CO2, <1 % CH4), which is comparable with CO2 emission measured in the Kolyma, Yukon, and Mackenzie rivers and permafrost-affected rivers in western Siberia. The areal C emissions from lotic waters of the Lena watershed were quantified by taking into account the total area of permanent and seasonal water of the Lena basin (28 000 km2 ). Assuming 6 months of the year to be an open water period with no emission under ice, the annual C emission from the whole Lena basin is estimated as 8.3±2.5 Tg C yr−1, which is comparable to the DOC and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) lateral export to the Arctic Ocean.
Rheological stratification in impure rock salt during long-term creep: morphology, microstructure, and numerical models of multilayer folds in the Ocnele Mari salt mine, Romania
Authors: Adamuszek Marta , Tămaş Dan M. , Barabasch Jessica , Urai Janos L. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract. At laboratory timescales, rock salt samples with different composition and
microstructure show variance in steady-state creep rates, but it is not
known if and how this variance is manifested at low strain rates and
corresponding deviatoric stresses. Here, we aim to quantify this from the
analysis of multilayer folds that developed in rock salt over geological timescale in the Ocnele Mari salt mine in Romania. The formation is composed of
over 90 % of halite, while distinct multiscale layering is caused by
variation in the fraction of impurities. Regional tectonics and mine-scale
fold structure are consistent with deformation in a shear zone after strong
shearing in a regional detachment, forming over 10 m scale chevron
folds of a tectonically sheared sedimentary layering, with smaller folds
developing on different scales in the hinges. Fold patterns at various
scales clearly indicate that during folding, the sequence was mechanically
stratified. The dark layers contain more impurities and are characterised
by a more regular layer thickness compared to the bright layers and
are thus inferred to have higher viscosities. Optical microscopy of gamma-decorated samples shows a strong shape-preferred
orientation of halite grains parallel to the foliation, which is reoriented
parallel to the axial plane of the folds studied. Microstructures indicate
dislocation creep, together with extensive fluid-assisted recrystallisation
and strong evidence for solution–precipitation creep. This provides support
for linear (Newtonian) viscous rheology as a dominating deformation
mechanism during the folding. Deviatoric stress during folding was lower
than during shearing in the detachment at around 1 MPa. We investigate fold development on various scales in a representative
multilayer package using finite-element numerical models, constrain the
relative layer thicknesses in a selected outcrop, and design a numerical
model. We explore the effect of different Newtonian viscosity ratios between
the layers on the evolving folds on different scales. By comparing the field
data and numerical results, we estimate that the effective viscosity ratio
between the layers was larger than 10 and up to 20. Additionally, we
demonstrate that the considerable variation of the layer thicknesses is not
a crucial factor to develop folds on different scales. Instead, unequal
distribution of the thin layers, which organise themselves into effectively
single layers with variable thickness, can control deformation on various
scales. Our results show that impurities can significantly change the
viscosity of rock salt deforming at low deviatoric stress and introduce
anisotropic viscosity, even in relatively pure layered rock.
Milton Hershey's World
Authors: McMahon James Dennis 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The physical and cultural landscape created by well-known confectioner and philanthropist Milton Hershey in the model community of Hershey provides a case study for the interrelationship between architecture and identity over time. Borrowing heavily from his own Pennsylvania German background, Hershey created a vernacular landscape that also reflected the cultural identity of a majority of those already living in the area. Since Milton Hershey's death in 1945, community stakeholders have struggled to strike a balance between preserving this legacy and encouraging responsible growth. This article explores how contemporary stakeholders might best create a modern cultural landscape that is both sustainable and welcoming and the role vernacular architecture has played—and might continue to play—in the ongoing negotiation between tradition and modernity.
Comparative analysis of property rights of convicts serving their sentence in correctional and educational colonies
Authors: Морозов Алексей Сергеевич , Хильман Дмитрий Вадимович 
Published: September 2021

Предметом исследования являются правовые нормы уголовно-исполнительного законодательства, регулирующие вещные права лиц, отбывающих уголовные наказания в виде лишения свободы. Целью исследования является установление тождества и различия в правовом регулировании вещных прав осужденных, отбывающих наказание в исправительных учреждениях и воспитательных колониях. Основными методами исследования являются анализ и синтез, а также сравнительно-правовой метод. В результате исследования установлено, что, несмотря на общий правовой статус осужденных, отбывающих наказание в виде лишения свободы, правовое регулирование одних и тех же вещных прав в различных ведомственных актах существенно различается, что влечет множество пробелов в праве и правовых коллизий. К числу основных выводов по результатам исследования можно отнести то, что в воспитательных колониях разрешен оборот боеприпасов, летательных средств, зажигалок, алкогольной продукции (за исключением алкогольных напитков) и некоторые другие. Результаты исследования могут быть реализованы в правоприменительной практике сотрудников, исполняющих уголовные наказания в виде лишения свободы, а также в процессе профессиональной подготовки сотрудников уголовно-исполнительной системы.
The subject of the research is the legal norms of the criminal Executive legislation regulating the real rights of persons serving criminal sentences in the form of imprisonment. The aim of the study is to establish the identity and differences in the legal regulation of the real rights of convicts serving sentences in correctional colonies and educational colonies. The main research methods are analysis and synthesis, as well as comparative legal method. The study found that despite the General legal status of convicts serving a sentence of imprisonment, the legal regulation of the same real rights in different departmental acts differs significantly, which entails many gaps in the law and legal conflicts. The main conclusions of the study include the fact that in the educational colonies allowed the circulation of ammunition, aircraft, lighters, alcoholic beverages (except alcoholic beverages) and some others. The results of the study can be implemented in the law enforcement practice of employees executing criminal penalties in the form of imprisonment, as well as in the process of training of employees of the penitentiary system.
Contribution of Student Level of Understanding in The Concept of Calculated Operations And Their Relationship to Set Operations
Authors: Barutu Charles Elbinus 
Published: September 2021

The problem in this study is: whether there is a contribution to the level of understanding of the concept of calculated operations against the operation of the association in students of SMP Negeri 1 Balikpapan. This study aims to find out if there is a contribution to the level of understanding of the concept of calculated operations against the operation of the association in students of SMP Negeri 1 Balikpapan. The population of this study is all students of grade VII-A SMP Negeri 1 Balikpapan consisting of 34 students. And as a sample in this study is the whole student. The data analysis technique used is to use non-premetric statistics "sign test". The results of the data analysis showed that tcount < htable or 1 < 1, this means that there is a positive contribution between the mastery of the counting operations against the operation of the student association of SMP Negeri 1 balikpapan. From these results, it is expected that the teachers of mathematics lessons generally and the teachers who teach in grade VII in order to further improve the learning of hitung operations to students so that the learning of the association operations ismore understandable to students
Synthesis of cuprous oxide nanocubes combined with chitosan nanoparticles and its application to p-nitrophenol degradation
Authors: Thi Bich Quyen Tran , Nguyen Tra My Ngo , Thi Thuy Ngan Do , Toan Pham Duy , Van Hong Thien Doan 
Published: September 2021

For the first time, cuprous oxide nanocubes (Cu2O NCBs) were successfully combined with chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) to generate Cu2O NCBs/CS NPs composites material with highly optical property and photocatalytic activity using a simple and eco-friendly synthetic approach at room temperature for 30 min. The synthesized Cu2O NCBs NPs/CS NPs were determined characterizations by Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X – ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Results show that the Cu2O NCBs/CS NPs composites have an average particle size of ~3-5 nm; in which, Cu2O has the form of nanocubes (Cu2O NCBs) with size ~3-4 nm and chitosan nanoparticles with spherical shape (CS NPs) with size ~4-5 nm. In addition, the percent (%) composition of elements present in Cu2O NCBs/CS NPs composites material have been obtained respective: Cu (23.99%), O (38.18%), and C (33.61%). Moreover, Cu2O NCBs/CS NPs composites material was also investigated for photocatalytic activity applied in p-nitrophenol degradation. The obtained results showed that the catalytic capability of Cu2O NCBs/CS NPs for p-nitrophenol reduction reached the highest efficiency >55% in the treatment time of 25 min, and this efficiency was higher than that result of using ZnO@chitosan nanoparticles (ZnO@CS NPs) catalyst under the same conditions for comparison.
Ecological Aspects of Tabanids (Diptera: Tabanidae) in a Gabonese Cattle Ranch
Authors: Mélodie Audrey Prisca Ovono , Franck Mounioko , Koumba Christophe Roland Zinga , Aubin Armel Koumba , Silas Lendzele Sevidzem , Audrey Pamela Maroundou , Géneviève Lydie Acapovi-Yao , Joseph Lebel Tamesse , Gustave Simo , Bertrand M’batchi , Jacques François Mavoungou 
Published: September 2021

To embark on an anti-vectorial fight against mechanical vectors of animal trypanosomosis, investigations were undertaken in order to determine the abundance, species diversity and daily activity of tabanids in a cattle ranch in Gabon. The nzi and vavoua traps were used to catch tabanids in three divisions of this ranch. In this study, 616 tabanids were captured: 349 (56.66%) in Division 1, 226 (36.69%) in Division 2 and 41 (6.66%) in Division 3. In the first Division, T. taeniola was the most abundant species with an Apparent Density (ADT) of 2.2, followed by H. pluvialis (ADT = 1.05). In the second Division, H. pluvialis was most abundant with ADT of 1.6, followed by T. taeniola (ADT = 0.38). In the last Division, the most abundant species was H. pluvialis (ADT = 0.15). Comparing the relative abundance of catches with sites (Divisions), we realized that there was no statistically significant difference in catches with trapping sites. It was noticed that Division 3 recorded the highest diversity index values. We realized that the nzi trap recorded higher tabanid catches than the vavoua trap. The diurnal activity rhythm of the most frequent species encountered slightly differed with prospection sites.
Building technology enabled platform companies in Biopharma – a perspective on early-stage value creation from Millennium, Alnylam, Moderna, & Kymera
Authors: Rong Yuanxin 
Published: September 2021

This paper addresses the topic of building platform-based companies in biopharma. We provide a short literature review on the topic, followed by a discussion of financing growth of platform companies. This is followed by case studies on four pioneering biopharma companies that cover the era of the mid-1990s until today. These companies are all well recognized pioneers and have gone thru their life cycles from founding, to building portfolios of products, to acquisition. Our mini-case studies include Millennium Pharmaceuticals (now a unit of Takeda), Alnylam, Moderna, and Kymera.) These also cover different technology bases for their respective platforms that have emerged during the last two decades since the emergence of the genomics revolution.
Provocative insinuations
Authors: Domínguez Armas Álvaro , Soria Ruiz Andrés 
Published: September 2021

En este artículo analizamos oracio-nes que, sin constituir explícitamente discurso de odio, no obstante transmiten un mensaje de odio. Por ejemplo, en el titular “Refugiado iraquí es condenado en Alemania por violar y asesinar una chica adolescente”, la presencia de “refugiado iraquí” no parece arbitraria. Al contrario, invita una inferencia racista en contra de los refugiados iraquíes. Argumentamos que estas inferencias no pueden ser descritas como slurs, términos neutros utilizados como insultos, dogwhistles o implica-turas conversacionales. En cambio, proponemos caracterizar estas inferencias como insinuacio-nes, concretamente insinuaciones provocativas, debido a que ninguna respuesta parece efectiva a la hora de bloquearlas.
In this paper we analyse utterances that, without explicitly constituting hate speech, nevertheless convey a hateful message. For example, in the headline ‘Iraqi Refugee is convicted in Germany of raping and murdering teenage girl’, the presence of ‘Iraqi refugee’ does not seem arbitrary. To the contrary, it is responsible for inviting a racist inference against Iraqi refugees. We defend that these inferences cannot be described as slurs, ethnic or social terms used as insults, dogwhistles or conversational implicatures. Rather, we propose that these inferences are insinuations, specifically provocative insinuations, as no conversational response seems effective at blocking them.
I am large, I contain multitudes
Authors: Frápolli Sanz María José , Navarro Laespada Llanos 
Published: September 2021

En este trabajo exploramos las com-patibilidades e incompatibilidades entre dos enfoques del conocimiento distintos y de gran éxito. El primero es el análisis del conocimiento que ofrece el pragmatismo epistémico de Bran-dom [PE]. El segundo es el punto de vista que se deriva de la obra seminal de Fricker sobre la ética del conocimiento [EC]. [PE] y [EC] plantean con-cepciones complementarias de la aplicación del concepto de conocimiento que merecen preser-varse. Sin embargo, su mera superposición acu-mulativa produce disfunciones que exigen ciertos reajustes. Proponemos un tipo de interseccionalismo positivo, [IP], que da cuenta del hecho de que los individuos pertenecen simultáneamente a diversos grupos con condiciones epistémicas variables, algunas ventajosas y otras desventajo-sas. [EP], [EK] y [PI] conforman un cuadro rico y coherente sobre los sujetos como agentes epis-témicos plenos.
We explore the compatibilities and incompatibilities between two highly successful approaches to knowledge: Brandom’s epistemic pragmatism, [EP], and the view that derives from Fricker’s seminal work on the ethics of knowing [EK] . [EP] and [EK] are complementary approaches that put forward aspects of the application of the concept that deserve to be preserved. Nevertheless, their mere cumulative superposition produces dysfunctions that call for certain readjustments. We propose a positive kind of intersectionalism, [PI], that accounts for the fact that individuals simultaneously belong to diverse groups with variable epistemic conditions, some advantageous, some disadvantageous. [EP], [EK] and [PI] make a rich and coherent picture of subjects as full epistemic agents.