bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of skeletal maturation in individuals with cleft lip and palate
Authors: Uslu-Akcam Ozge 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The assessment of hand-wrist films to identify skeletal maturation stage is a commonly used method for the determination of the status of a growing patient. However, there is limited information available regarding skeletal growth evaluation in subjects with a unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Therefore, the current study aimed to examine skeletal and chronological ages in subjects with a UCLP for comparison with those of a non-cleft control group to derive clinical guidelines.

Methods
Hand-wrist films of 45 UCLP subjects (24 male, 21 female) and 45 Angle Class I orthodontic patients (17 male, 28 female) were evaluated. Skeletal age was assessed by comparing ossification events with standard radiographs illustrated in the Greulich-Pyle atlas and recording based on the best match of maturity criteria.

Results
A high correlation coefficient was observed between skeletal and chronological ages in the overall study sample (p < 0.01) (N = 90). Skeletal age (11.4 years) was delayed in the UCLP group when compared with chronological age (12.3 years), although the difference between the two was statistically insignificant. Skeletal age (13.6 years) was similar to chronological age in the control group (13.1 years).

Conclusions
The discrepancy between chronological and skeletal age was greater in UCLP subjects compared with controls. Given that the skeletal age of male and female UCLP subjects was delayed in comparison with their chronological ages, it is of particular importance that hand-wrist films should be used instead of chronological age to assess the growth status of UCLP subjects.
Anomalies of permanent tooth number in three Asian ethnicities
Authors: Qian Li , Chew Ming Tak , Yow Mimi , Wong Hung Chew , Kelvin Weng Chiong Foong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this comparative study was to determine the proportion and distribution of tooth number anomalies in the permanent dentition in a sample of Chinese, Indian and Malay orthodontic patients in Singapore.

Methods
The cross-sectional study was carried out using radiographic and clinical data from the National Dental Centre of Singapore. Panoramic radiographs and clinical records of 1080 (Chinese (N = 415), Indian (N = 317) and Malay (N = 348)) orthodontic patients aged 12 to 16 years were examined for evidence of tooth number anomalies. Fisher’s exact test was applied to compare the occurrence of hypodontia and hyperdontia between the ethnicities and genders.

Results
The prevalence of hypodontia in Chinese, Indian and Malay orthodontic patients was 13.7%, 6.0% and 14.4%, respectively. Chinese patients had a significantly higher prevalence of hypodontia compared with Indian patients (OR 2.50, 95% CI 1.29–4.83, p < 0.001). Malay patients had a significantly higher prevalence of hypodontia compared with Indian patients (OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.34–5.17, p < 0.001). The most commonly missing tooth in the Indian patients was the upper lateral incisor (39.0%), whereas that in the Chinese and Malay patients was the lower second premolar (26.1% and 26.2%, respectively).
The prevalence of hyperdontia in Chinese, Indian and Malay patients was 7.0%, 3.8% and 7.8%, respectively. Male patients had a significantly higher prevalence of hyperdontia compared with female patients (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.14–3.07, p = 0.015). Supernumerary teeth occurred more frequently in the anterior maxilla (34.1%) than in other regions of the jaws. Supernumerary teeth also occurred more frequently in the maxilla (76.9%) than in the mandible (23.1%).

Conclusion
There are significant differences in the presentation of anomalies in tooth number in the permanent dentition of Chinese, Indian and Malay orthodontic patients in Singapore.
Interdisciplinary management of a patient with advanced dental needs
Authors: Ong Desmond CV , Crasta Kenneth 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The present case report outlines the interdisciplinary management of an adult patient presenting with advanced generalised periodontal attachment loss, an upper dental midline discrepancy following the previous extraction of the upper left central incisor, and significant lower arch crowding. The endodontic and periodontal condition was stabilised prior to the commencement of fixed appliance orthodontic treatment and subsequent prosthetic replacement of the upper left central incisor. Interdisciplinary management provided a functional occlusion and stability of the periodontal condition along with pleasing facial and smile aesthetics.
Three-dimensional computed tomographic assessment of mandibular muscles in growing subjects with different vertical facial patterns
Authors: Wong Alwyn , Woods Michael G. , Stella Damien 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aim
The present study was undertaken to assess the relationship between the mandibular muscles and dentofacial skeletal morphology in children with different underlying vertical facial patterns, using three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT).

Method
Thirty children (mean age 12.24 ± 1.57 years) underwent cranial CT examination for diagnostic purposes. 3D-CT images were reconstructed for the evaluation of the cross-sectional size, volume, and spatial orientation of the masseter and medial pterygoid muscles. These muscle parameters were also assessed in relation to the vertical facial pattern, gender and skeleto-dental form.

Results
Significant differences were found in muscular angulation for subjects with different underlying patterns. Greater masseter volumes were associated with increased facial width. Greater intermolar widths were found in brachyfacial subjects, with less acute muscular angulations in relation to horizontal reference lines, compared with dolichofacial subjects. This was also more obvious in the maxillary arch.

Conclusion
Clinicians should note the likely differences in masseter and medial pterygoid orientation and volume in subjects with different underlying vertical facial patterns and that these differences may, in turn, be related to both facial skeletal width and naturally-occurring transverse dental arch dimensions.
Changes in mandibular position in treated Class II division 2 malocclusions in growing and non-growing subjects
Authors: AL-Nimri Kazem , Abo-Zomor Mohamad , Alomari Sawsan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
To determine changes in mandibular position after the treatment of patients presenting with Class II division 2 malocclusions and to test the null hypothesis that there is posterior displacement of the mandible in these patients, in comparison with a control group of Class II division 1 subjects.

Materials and methods
The assessed data consisted of pre- and post-treatment cephalometric radiographs of 77 subjects identified with Class II division 1 and Class II division 2 malocclusions matched according to age, gender and treatment duration. All completed fixed appliance orthodontic treatment. The changes in the position of point B, Pogonion and Articulare were determined at the end of treatment by superimposing the cephalometric radiographs on Sella-Nasion line at Sella. Thirteen cephalometric parameters including the distance between Basion and Articular (Ba-Art) were measured at each stage.

Results
In both groups, SNB angle, SNPog angle and Ba-Art distance showed no statistically significant changes. Pogonion was displaced significantly in a forward and downward direction in the growing group, with no significant differences identified between Class II division 1 and Class II division 2 subjects.

Conclusion
The null hypothesis that there is posterior displacement of the mandible in Class II division 2 malocclusion is rejected. The growth pattern of the mandible in both divisions of a Class II malocclusion after orthodontic treatment was found to be similar. (Aust Orthod J 2016; 32: 73–81)
Correction of the transverse discrepancy-induced spontaneous mandibular protrusion in Class II Division 1 adolescent patients
Authors: Yu Yanfang , Wu Mengjie , Chen Xuepeng , Li Wen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
A Class II malocclusion is the most frequent sagittal skeletal disharmony presenting for orthodontic treatment. A transverse interarch discrepancy (TID) may be considered as a possible functional cause of a Class II relationship.

Objective
The purpose of the present study was to determine transverse interarch width dimensions before and after orthodontic therapy and their possible relationship with increased mandibular projection following treatment.

Methods
The sample included 40 adolescent patients who were divided into two groups, one possessing and one without a transverse discrepancy. Interarch width differences (including ICWD, IPWD, IMWD, IAWD) were measured before and after treatment, and Pogonion (Pog) to Nasion (N) perpendicular was similarly measured in each group.

Results
The differences in arch and alveolar width dimensions between the two groups (including ICWD, IPWDI, IPWDII, IMWD, IAWD) before treatment were statistically significant (p < 0.05). A comparison of Pog to N perpendicular between the two groups showed that mandibular protrusion after treatment in the transverse discrepancy group was 2.6 ± 1.3 mm, while mandibular protrusion after treatment in the group without a transverse discrepancy was 0.6 ± 0.3 mm. The statistical comparison showed that the differences were significant (p < 0.01).

Conclusion
A transverse interarch discrepancy may have a functional relationship with mandible retrusion. If a transverse discrepancy is corrected via orthodontic treatment, the mandible may spontaneously protrude.
The effects of blocking N/OFQ receptors on orofacial pain following experimental tooth movement in rats
Authors: Shan Di , He Yuwei , Long Hu , Zhou Yang , Liu He , Xu Rui , Huang Renhuan , Lai Wenli 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide receptor (N/OFQ receptor) antagonist on orofacial pain induced by experimental tooth movement in rats.

Methods
A total of 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200–300 g were divided into six groups: a control group, force group, force+saline intraperitoneal group, force+saline periodontal group, force+UFP-101 ([Nphe1,Arg14,Lys15]N/OFQ-NH2; antagonist for N/OFQ receptor) intraperitoneal group, and force+UFP-101 periodontal group. Closed coil springs were ligated between the upper incisors and first molar to exert an orthodontic force (40 g) between the teeth. Injectable administration dosages were 30 μl saline or 30 μl saline containing 0.03 mg/kg UFP-101. Following the injections, orofacial pain levels were assessed through directed face grooming (mouth wiping). Statistical analyses were performed in SPSS 17.0 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) and p values less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.

Results
Orofacial pain levels were significantly higher in the force group than in the control group. Orofacial pain levels differed significantly between the force group, force+saline periodontal group and force+UFP-101 periodontal group, but were similar between the control group, force+UFP-101 intraperitoneal group and force+saline intraperitoneal group. Moreover, orofacial pain levels did not differ between the force group, force+saline intraperitoneal group and force+UFP-101 intraperitoneal group.

Conclusions
Periodontal, but not intraperitoneal, administration of UFP-101 could alleviate orofacial pain induced by experimental tooth movement in rats, suggesting that periodontal N/OFQ receptors participate in orofacial pain induced by experimental tooth movement.
An evaluation of the dentoskeletal effects of slow maxillary expansion from the mixed to the permanent dentition
Authors: Esenlik Elçin , Rübendüz Meliha 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Introduction
The aim of this study was to evaluate the dentoskeletal effects of a modified slow maxillary expansion appliance (MSMEA) during the transition from the mixed to the permanent dentition.

Methods
Forty subjects presenting with posterior crossbites were divided into two groups. Twenty-three subjects were assigned to a treatment group (mean age: 9.45 years) and 17 subjects assigned to a control group (mean age: 9.25 years). An MSMEA with acrylic occlusal coverage limited to the palatal cusps was used to provide maxillary expansion. The mean slow expansion treatment period was 7.8 months, while the mean observation period continued for 14.8 months of a 22.6-month total study period.

Results
Substantial dental and skeletal effects were observed following treatment with the MSMEA. Most maxillary inter-molar and deciduous inter-second molar width increases were maintained in the permanent dentition (91% and 97%, respectively). Skeletal maxillary transverse dimensions, which increased by 2 mm after active expansion, were significantly greater (p< 0.001) when compared with the controls.

Conclusion
The findings suggested that an MSMEA provided orthopaedic and dental effects as a result of posterior crossbite correction. The effects of the appliance seen during the mixed dentition were maintained in the permanent dentition.
Arch-dimensional changes in non-extraction cases with finishing wires of a particular material, size and arch form
Authors: Allan Derek , Woods Michael G. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aim
This study was undertaken to assess pre- and post-treatment upper and lower arch dimensions, and changes occurring in those dimensions, during orthodontic treatment without premolar extractions, when finishing wires of a particular material, size and arch form had been used.

Methods
The records of 58 patients (31 male and 27 female) with a mean age of 13.52 (±1.60) years were selected for this study, with ethics approval gained from the Departmental Human Ethics Advisory Group of the University of Melbourne (DHEAG no: 1033997.1). All patients had been treated with fixed appliances (0.018 inch, pre-adjusted edgewise) in the early permanent dentition, without premolar extractions, by one experienced orthodontist. Pre- and post-treatment upper and lower arch dimensions were measured from study casts. Correlation coefficients were calculated between these measurements as well as pretreatment cast and vertical cephalometric measurements, gender and the amount of crowding that had been relieved.

Results
Despite the use of finishing archwires of the same material, size and arch form (0.016 × 0.022 inch, heat-treated cobalt-chromium), there was considerable variation in dimensional changes that occurred during treatment within the total sample and its various subgroups, and in the final arch dimensions. All arch width changes were found to be strongly correlated with the amount of pretreatment crowding. Post-treatment arch dimensions and changes in those dimensions were also strongly correlated with pretreatment dimensions, suggesting that the final post-treatment arch dimensions were significantly influenced by other factors rather than simply the material, size and arch form of the finishing wires. In this treated sample, no statistically significant differences were found in the resultant arch widths and arch width changes occurring in the different vertical pattern sub-groups.

Conclusion
The placement of finishing wires of a particular material, size and arch form is unlikely to result in exactly matching end-of-treatment arch forms and dimensions in all orthodontic patients. Instead, whether using a 0.018 or a 0.022 inch slot system, the clinician should expect considerable individual variation in final arch form and dimension, despite the placement of apparently very similar wires. The main determinants of final arch form and dimension appear to be the original muscular and occlusally-related arch form and dimension and the amount of crowding to be relieved. Final arch forms and dimensional changes with treatment are unlikely to be directly related to patient gender, age or underlying vertical pattern. The findings indicate that clinicians must decide whether they will accept the considerable lateral and antero-posterior expansion that is likely to occur when crowding is to be relieved in the permanent dentition without premolar extractions.
Location and severity of root resorption related to impacted maxillary canines: a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) evaluation
Authors: Doğramacı Esma J. , Sherriff Martyn , Rossi-Fedele Giampiero , McDonald Fraser 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
The present investigation was designed to determine the location and severity of root resorption associated with impacted maxillary canine teeth using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). A secondary aim was to identify possible influencing factors.

Methods
The radiological reports of 183 patients, radiographed with a small-volume CBCT focussed on the impacted maxillary canine teeth, were assessed. Eighty-five patients had resorption associated with the impaction. The CBCT image datasets were viewed to determine the location and severity of the lesions.

Results
A total of 110 impacted maxillary canine teeth resorbed 120 adjacent teeth, including 14 premolars and one permanent molar. The apical third and palatal surface were commonly involved. Fifty per cent of the resorptive lesions were mild, 20% moderate and 30% severe. There was no significant relation between age or gender on the number, location or severity of resorption. There was a statistically significant correlation between the number of impacted canine teeth and the number of teeth resorbed, as well as the tooth type and the surface involved in the resorption.

Conclusions
All root levels and surfaces of teeth associated with impacted maxillary canine teeth can be resorbed to different levels of severity. Neither age nor gender influences the number, location or severity of the resorption.
Effects of the Herbst appliance in growing orthodontic patients with different underlying vertical patterns
Authors: Deen Emily , Woods Michael G. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Introduction
The present study involved an assessment of the effects of the Herbst appliance used for Class II correction in subjects with different vertical facial patterns.

Methods
Pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms of 91 growing Class II patients were divided into three vertical facial groups on the basis of mandibular plane angulation. All received a Herbst appliance and dental and skeletal changes were assessed in relation to pretreatment incisal overbite, overjet and the stage of cervical maturity.

Results
Herbst appliance treatment was accompanied by changes in the angulation of the upper and lower incisors, overjet reduction and an increase in mandibular length. In general, the rotational facial changes occurring during treatment were minimal, so that dolichofacial patterns remained long and brachyfacial patterns remained short.

Conclusion
Herbst appliance treatment can be expected to result in considerable Class II dental correction. It is unlikely, however, that its use will be associated with clinically significant forward rotation in dolichofacial subjects. Since dolichofacial patterns are likely to remain long-faced, even after considerable Class II dental correction, orthognathic surgery may still be a consideration if normal facial proportions, without excessive facial convexity and lip strain, are treatment aims.
A multi-centre evaluation of multiple supernumerary premolar prevalence
Authors: Gunduz Kaan , Avsever Hakan , Orhan Kaan , Canıtezer Gözde , Acikgoz Aydan , Oz Ulas , Midilli Muhammet 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aim
The occurrence of multiple supernumerary teeth is rare and often found in association with syndromes such as cleidocranial dysplasia, Gardner's syndrome or cleft lip and palate. Few examples of non-syndromal multiple supernumerary teeth have been reported. The aim of this multi-centre study was to investigate the prevalence of supernumerary premolar teeth in non-syndromic patients and to investigate the association between the presence of supernumerary premolar teeth and malocclusion type in a Turkish population.

Materials and methods
The clinical records and panoramic radiographs of 10,700 patients (referred to three different university hospitals) were retrospectively examined for the presence of supernumerary premolars. Age, gender, orthodontic malocclusion type, the number of supernumerary premolars (two or more), the distribution, location, position (vertical, horizontal, inverted, mesio-angular), surgical approach, and related complications (pain, cystic changes, root resorption, or eruption disturbance of adjacent teeth) were recorded.

Results
Forty-two cases (13 Class I, 17 Class II, 12 Class III) of multiple mandibular supernumerary premolars in patients without an associated syndrome were detected. A total of 97 (27 Class I, 41 Class II, 29 Class III) supernumerary premolar teeth were found, with a prevalence of 0.39%. No statistical difference was found related to gender, malocclusion type and supernumerary premolars (p > 0.05). The majority of the extra premolars were located in the mandible, which was statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
The present study revealed that the prevalence of multiple supernumerary teeth was 0.39%. The most frequently impacted premolars were found in the mandible and more often associated with Class II malocclusions in the examined Turkish population.
Class III orthognathic surgical cases facilitated by accelerated osteogenic orthodontics: a preliminary report
Authors: Wu JiaQi , Xu Li , Liang Cheng , Jiang JiuHui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To describe a multidisciplinary treatment approach that includes corticotomy, orthodontic force and orthognathic surgery for the management of skeletal Class III surgical cases. The main advantage of the combined techniques is a reduction in treatment time for young adult patients.

Method
Accelerated Osteogenic Orthodontics (AOO) was delivered to three young adult patients during their pre-surgical orthodontic treatment. After aligning and levelling the dental arches, a piezosurgicalcorticotomy was performed to the buccal aspect of the alveolar bone. Bone graft materials were used to cover the decorticated area and soft tissue flaps were replaced.

Results
The mean time for extraction space closure was 5.4 ± 1.3 months and the mean time for pre-surgical orthodontic treatment was 12.0 ± 0.9 months. The average total treatment time was 20.4 ± 2.4 months. A pre-existing bony fenestration in the buccal cortex adjacent to the right lateral incisor root apex of Case 1 was corrected.

Conclusion
The facial aesthetics of three patients improved following multidisciplinary treatment. This approach may be an efficient method for the orthognathic patient who desires a reduced treatment time, but further clinical research is required.