bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Az útikönyvek típusai és XXI. századi lehetőségei
Authors: Elekes Tibor 
Published: January 2021

A 20. század elejére kialakult az útikönyvek feladatához igazodó általános felépítés és tartalom. A történelmi korszakok ideológiai hatásai szöveges tartalmakban, fényképekben jelennek meg a kiadványokban. Multikulturális területeken az olvasók elvárásainak megfelelően hangsúlyosabb a saját kultúrához kapcsolódó elemek és információk bemutatása. Az útikönyvsorozatok jellegzetes kiadói funkciókkal jelennek meg. A nyomdatechnika, a fényképezés és a térképszerkesztés fejlesztése nyomon követhető a kiadványok minőségének változásában. A technikai fejlődés javította az útikalauzok minőségét és megjelenítését, a későbbi technikai lehetőségek és az internet azonban versenytárssá váltak számukra. Manapság az útikönyvek kiegészítik az IKT- és a technikai lehetőségeket, és továbbra is bemutatják a desztinációkhoz kapcsolódó információk fő forrásait. A 20. századi útikönyvek többnyire kulturális-tudományos értékeket közvetítenek, amelyek gyakorlati célokra orientálódtak. A 20. század végére egy újabb típusú útikalauz alakult ki, ahol kikapcsolódási és szórakoztató központú élményteremtési lehetőségek jelentek meg. A mai útikönyvek egyik feladata a piac igényeinek megfelelő egyensúly megtalálása, megvalósítása és közvetítése. Célszerű, ha egy ország, régió, város útikönyvét az adott ország vagy régió „anyanyelvi beszélője” írja. Ebben az esetben az olvasó megkapja az IKT-források által biztosított gyakorlati információk, tudományos és művészeti ismeretek, valamint a személyes tapasztalatok szintézisét. Ez az olvasó-utazó személyesebb, élményalapú ismertetőt nyújt, amely színesebb, mint az általános.
Fitneszszolgáltatók marketingtevékenysége az Észak-Alföld régióban
Authors: Müller Anetta , Gabnai Zoltán , Bácsné Bába Éva , Pfau Christa Sára , Bartha Éva Judit , Molnár Anikó , Pető Károly 
Published: January 2021

A fitneszszolgáltatások alkalmasak a mozgásszegény életmód kompenzálására, ezért napjainkban megnövekedtek az ezek keresletét, fogyasztói motivációját elemző írások. A kínálat is kutatott terület, ahol elsősorban a szolgáltatás minőségével kapcsolatban vizsgálódtak a kutatók. Kevés kutatás ír a fitnesztermeket üzemeltető cégek vállalkozási tevékenységéről. Kutatásunkban az Észak-Alföld régióban működő fitneszszolgáltatásokat nyújtó vállalkozások (N = 31) vállalkozási tevékenységének feltérképezésére vállalkozunk. Jelen tanulmányban azt mutatjuk be, hogy a fitnesztermek üzemeltetői mennyire vélik fontosnak a marketingmix elemeinek tudatos alkalmazását. Az eredmények igazolják, hogy a szolgáltatók követik a trendeket, melyeket megjelenítenek a termékfejlesztésben. Ãgy a trendekhez igazított kínálatfejlesztés a szolgáltatók marketingtevékenységének egyik meghatározó eleme. A kínálat kialakításakor a szolgáltatók olyan kiegészítő szolgáltatásokat (pl. wellnesskínálati elemek) is megcéloznak, melyek hatékony módon egészítik ki a különböző edzésformákat, egyben biztosítják a regenerációt. A szolgáltatásfejlesztés a változó igényeknek való megfelelésre, az egyediségre való törekvésre is fókuszál, amely piaci előnyt eredményezhet, hozzájárulva a versenyképesség növeléséhez. Árképzésükre az árelfogadó stratégia és a versenytársakhoz igazított árképzés a jellemző. Promóciós tevékenységükben és az értékesítésben előnyben részesítik az onlinemarketing-eszközöket.
Egyetemi hallgatók aktív sportfogyasztási szokásainak vizsgálata
Authors: Szerdahelyi Zoltán 
Published: January 2021

A Debreceni Egyetem hallgatóinak aktív sportfogyasztási szokásainak vizsgálatát több szempontból is hasznosnak tartom. Ezen terület feltérképezésével hatékonyabbá válhatnak a fizikai aktivitás növelését célzó intézkedések, így a kínálati oldal összetevőinek meghatározása. A Gyermeknevelési és Gyógypedagógiai Kar speciális helyzetben van a többi karhoz képest. A hajdúböszörményi telephely és a hallgatók szociokulturális háttere egyaránt indokolttá teszi a helyi sajátosságok figyelembe vételét. Kérdőíves kutatást alkalmaztam (N = 338). Elemeztem, hogy a hallgatók fizikai aktivitását a különböző szociodemográfiai, kulturális és ökonómiai tényezők milyen mértékben befolyásolják. Elmondhatom, hogy a jövedelemtényező a rangsor közepén foglal helyet. A jövedelmi viszonyokra jellemzőek a hallgatók közti nagy különbségek. A hallgatókat alacsony ráfordítási hajlandóság jellemzi a fizikai aktivitással összefüggésben. Az iskolai végzettség és a sporttevékenységekhez kapcsolódó havi kiadások között nem találtam szignifikáns kapcsolatot. A kutatás során vizsgáltam, hogy milyen jellegű sporttevékenységért hajlandók fizetni a hallgatók. Előkelő helyet foglal el a túrázás, illetve a „divatos edzésmódszerekként” aposztrofált tevékenységek (aerobik, zumba, spinning, jumping fitness, nordic walking, crossfit, jóga). A havonta megszerzett jövedelem és a sportfogyasztás közti kapcsolatot elemezve két esetben tapasztaltam szignifikáns összefüggést: a konditerem és a „divatos edzésmódszerek” bérleteinek vásárlása során.
مكانة ذوو الإحتياجات الخاصة في السنة النبوية
Authors: Goje Dr. Kabiru 
Published: January 2021

The Sunnah of the Prophet has honored people with special needs, raised their destiny and provided them with complete care, called for equality between them and other people, and made differentiation based on piety and faith, not on shapes and colors, and stated that in many hadiths, what happened to people with special needs is the judgment and Divine decree of Allah, and that the calamity in faith is greater than the calamities of the bodies, and therefore called them to patience and contentment with what happened to them to raise their ranks and then obtain the mercy of Allah and enter Paradise. It also called for their respect and integrates them into society, meeting their demands and mitigating them. This study aims to show how the Prophet’s Sunnah was concern about the position of people with special needs, and also aims to benefit from the hadiths mentioned in their affairs in dealing with the challenges and contemporary problems towards them. The methodology of this study is an analytical deductive approach, by tracking the hadiths related to the subject of research, analyzing them, and extracting from them. Finally, some of the findings are that Islam is a religion of mercy. In the Sunnah of the Prophet many hadiths call for respect for people with special needs and provide them with full care, and that people with special needs possess potential capabilities and energies that sometimes exceed the capabilities of the people of wellness, and that these capabilities and energies were not invested at the present time correctly.
ملخص البحث
فالسنة النبوية قد أكرمت ذوي الإحتياجات الخاصة، ورفعت من قدرهم وقدمت لهم كامل الرعاية، ودعت للمساواة بينهم وبين غيرهم من الناس، وجعلت التفاضل بناء على التقوى والإيمان لا على الأشكال والألوان، وبينت كما جاء في أحاديث كثيرة أن ما أصاب ذوي الإحتياجات الخاصة من قضاء الله وقدره، وأن المصيبة في الإيمان أعظم من مصائب الأبدان، ولذا دعتهم للصبر والرضا على ما أصابهم لتُرفع درجاتهم ولينالوا بعد ذلك رحمة الله ويدخلوا الجنة. كما دعت أيضا إلى احترامهم ودمجهم في المجتمع وتلبية مطالبهم والتخفيف عنهم، وتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى بيان الكيفية التي اتُّبعت في السنة النبوية في الحديث عن مكانة ذوي الإحتياجات الخاصة، كما تهدف من الإفادة بالأحاديث الواردة في شأنهم في معالجة التحاديات والمشاكل المعاصرة تجاههم. المنهج المتبع في هذه الدراسة اسقرائي تحليلي، وذلك من خلال تتبع الأحاديث المتعلقة بموضوع البحث وتحليلها واستنباط منها. وأخيرا توصلت الدراسة إلى النتائج القيمة، منها: أن الإسلام دين الرحمة فبالسنة النبوية أحاديث كثيرة تدعو لاحترام ذوي الإحتياجات الخاصة وتقديم كامل الرعاية لهم، وأن ذوي الإحتياجات الخاصة يمتلكون قدرات وطاقات كامنة تفوق أحيانا قدرات أهل العافية، وأن هذه القدرات والطاقات لم تستثمر في الوقت الحاضر بالشكل الصحيح
Model Interaksi dengan Allah dan Alam Berasaskan al-Quran dalam Pembelajaran Abad ke-21 Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Wan Abdullah Wan Ali Akbar , Wan Mohamad Wan Mariana , Mat Teh Kamarul Shukri 
Published: January 2021

Artikel ini mengetengahkan aplikasi Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) terhadap elemen interaksi dengan Allah dan alam dalam konstruk komunikasi bagi mereka bentuk dan membangunkan Model Pembelajaran Abad Ke-21 (PAK21) Pendidikan Islam berasaskan analisis kandungan al-Quran. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti konsensus pakar terhadap item-item kemahiran komunikasi dalam PAK21 Pendidikan Islam, bersumberkan ayat-ayat al-Quran yang bertemakan komunikasi dengan memberi fokus kepada elemen interaksi dengan Allah dan alam. Data kajian dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan instrumen soal selidik yang telah diberikan kepada 11 orang pakar dalam bidang Tafsir al-Quran dan Pendidikan Islam yang telah berkhidmat melebihi 10 tahun. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan tujuh item interaksi dengan Allah dan interaksi dengan alam telah diterima berdasarkan kesepakatan pakar. Item-item tersebut menepati syarat penerimaan dengan nilai threshold (d) adalah kurang daripada 0.2, peratus kesepakatan pakar adalah melebihi 75% dan nilai defuzzification adalah melebihi 0.5. Hasil kajian ini berjaya membentuk model interaksi dengan Allah dan alam dalam kemahiran komunikasi bagi PAK21 Pendidikan Islam.
Agricultura familiar e desenvolvimento sustentável: uma caracterização da feira do produtor rural do município de Marechal Cândido Rondon – Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Exime Ethol , Reis Cleoson Moura dos , Costa Mariell Lima , Gonzalez Aline Costa , Costa Junior Juscelino Martins , Zonin Wilson João 
Published: January 2021

As feiras livres são importantes vetores para o desenvolvimento rural na agricultura familiar, sendo uma estratégia para enfrentar dificuldades relacionadas à comercialização. Esta pesquisa visa caracterizar a feira do agricultor rural de Marechal Cândido Rondon/PR e propiciar um olhar sobre suas potencialidades e limitações. Para isso foi realizado entrevista com questões abertas e semiabertas, aplicadas ao presidente da feira e a doze consumidores. Foi utilizada também, como ferramenta para o estudo, a Matriz FOFA (Fortalezas, Oportunidades, Fraquezas, Ameaças) ou Análise SWOT (Strenghts, Weaknesses, Opportunities e Threats); e o Diagrama de Venn. A análise da matriz revelou que a organização da feira é a principal fortaleza encontrada, enquanto a infraestrutura é fraqueza. A feira tem grandes oportunidades, principalmente na sua divulgação, entretanto, apresenta a falta de apoio dos órgãos de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural como principal ameaça. Apesar dos agricultores terem grande satisfação nesse modelo de comercialização de circuito curto, há ausência de investimento pelo poder púbico local. A potencialidade marcante é o processo organizacional na feira, e como limitação, observou-se a falta de diálogo efetivo entre sua diretoria e os órgãos municipais, tema que pode ser pesquisado em futuros estudos relacionados. Nota-se que investir na feira livre de Marechal Cândido Rondon é incentivar não somente os agricultores familiares que atuam nas vendas, mas também consolidar a importância da classe para a alimentação saudável da cidade.
Kepekaan Filologis untuk Pengkajian Budaya
Authors: Arps Bernard 
Published: January 2021

The author argues for the importance of a scholarly attitude and competence he terms philological sensitivity. Philology is usually associated with the study of manuscripts, where it is a sophisticated approach for making sense of texts. It entails a specific focus and mode of understanding. But the significance and utility of philology are not restricted to texts or manuscripts. Its scope is wider. Its approach is grounded in a cultural tendency that lives in society, namely the tendency to experience and try to understand five aspects of a cultural process or object: its artefactuality, apprehensibility, compositionality, contextuality, and historicity. If cultivated to meet the requirements of academic scholarship, this philological sensibility may form a perspective for understanding other kinds of artefacts too – especially if selectively enriched with elements from philological traditions worldwide. The author discusses examples from his own research: a manuscript with the narrative of Amir Hamza in Javanese, religious sermons in Osing on Youtube, and oral critique regarding shadow puppetry.
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Penulis mengemukakan pentingnya sebuah sikap dan keterampilan ilmiah yang disebutnya kepekaan filologis. Filologi lazim dihubungkan dengan studi naskah tulisan tangan, di mana filologi merupakan pendekatan canggih untuk mengapresiasi teks. Pendekatan tersebut membawa fokus dan cara pemahaman yang khas. Tetapi makna dan guna filologi tidak terbatas pada teks, apalagi naskah. Jangkauannya lebih luas. Pendekatan yang telah dikembangkan dalam rangka filologi teks itu berdasarkan kecenderungan kultural yang hidup di masyarakat, yaitu kecenderungan untuk menghayati dan memahami lima aspek dari sebuah proses atau benda budaya: keterbuatan, ketercerapan, ketersusunan, kontekstualitas dan kesejarahannya. Jika dipupuk sehingga memenuhi syarat ilmu pengetahuan, sensibilitas filologis tersebut bisa menjadi wawasan yang andal untuk pemahaman artefak budaya lain pula – apalagi kalau wawasan tersebut diperkaya dengan menyerap unsur-unsur terpilih dari tradisi filologi seantero dunia. Penulis mengutip contoh dari penelitiannya sendiri: naskah berisi ceritera Amir Hamzah berbahasa Jawa, ceramah agama Islam berbahasa Osing di Youtube, dan kritik lisan atas pertunjukan wayang.
Circular RNA CircNOLC1, Upregulated by NF-KappaB, Promotes the Progression of Prostate Cancer via miR-647/PAQR4 Axis
Authors: Chen Wenbin , Cen Shengren , Zhou Xumin , Yang Taowei , Wu Kaihui , Zou Libin , Luo Junqi , Li Chuanyin , Lv Daojun , Mao Xiangming 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundCircRNAs recently have shown critical roles in tumor biology. However, their roles in prostate cancer (PCa) remains largely unclear.MethodsCircRNA microarrays were performed in immortal prostate cell line RWPE1 and PCa cell lines as DU145, PC3, LNCaP, C4-2, and 22RV1. Combined with upregulated circRNAs in PCa tissues, circNOLC1 expression was validated in PCa cells and tissues via qRT-PCR and FISH. Sanger sequencing, actinomycin D, gDNA, and cDNA, RNase R assays were used to assess the circular characteristics of circNOLC1. CCK-8, colony formation, transwell migration assays, and mice xenograft models were conducted to evaluate the functions of PCa cells after circNOLC1 knockdown and overexpression. RNA pulldown, luciferase reporter assay, FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization), and CHIP were utilized to illustrate the further mechanisms of circNOLC1.ResultsOur research indicated that circNOLC1 was overexpressed in PCa cells and tissues, and circNOLC1 was more stable than linear NOLC1 mRNA. CircNOLC1 promoted PCa cells proliferation and migration in vitro and vivo. Additionally, we found that circNOLC1 could upregulate PAQR4 expression by sponging miR-647, leading to the activation of PI3K/Akt pathway. Moreover, NF-kappaB was identified to bind to the NOLC1 promoter sites and upregulated both NOLC1 and circNOLC1 expression.ConclusionCircNOLC1, elevated by transcription factor NF-kappaB, promotes PCa progression via a miR-647/PAQR4 axis, and circNOLC1 is a potential biomarker and target for PCa treatment.
Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorating Pseudomonas aeruginosa–induced Acute Lung Infection via Inhibition of NLRC4 Inflammasome
Authors: Li Lu-lu , Zhu Ying-gang , Jia Xin-ming , Liu Dong , Qu Jie-ming 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundPseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is one of the most common Gram-negative bacteria causing hospital-acquired pulmonary infection, with high drug resistance and mortality. Therefore, it is urgent to introduce new non-antibiotic treatment strategies. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as important members of the stem cell family, were demonstrated to alleviate pathological damage in acute lung injury. However, the potential mechanism how MSC alleviate acute lung infection caused by PA remains unclear.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) on acute pulmonary infections and the possible mechanisms how ASCs reduce pulmonary inflammation induced by PA.MethodsThe therapeutic and mechanistic effects of ASCs on PA pulmonary infection were evaluated respectively in a murine model as well as in an in vitro model stimulated by PA and co-cultured with ASCs.Results1. ASCs treatment significantly reduced the bacterial load, inflammation of lung tissue and histopathological damage by PA. 2. PA infection mainly activated Nod-like receptor containing a caspase activating and recruitment domain 4 (NLRC4) inflammasome in the lung of mice. ASCs attenuated acute lung infection in mice by inhibiting NLRC4 inflammasome activation. 3. NLRC4−/− mice showed a significant improvement in survival rate and lung bacterial load after PA infection. 4. ASCs mainly increased expression and secretion of STC‐1 in response to PA‐stimulated NLRC4 inflammasome activation.ConclusionsPA infection attenuated macrophage phagocytosis through activation of NLRC4 inflammasome in macrophages, which eventually led to pulmonary inflammatory damage in mouse; ASCs reduced the activation of NLRC4 inflammasome in macrophages induced by PA infection, thereby increasing the phagocytic ability of macrophages, and ultimately improving lung tissue damage in mouse; ASCs may inhibit NLRC4 inflammasome through the secretion of STC-1.
Machine Learning Algorithms Evaluate Immune Response to Novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigens for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis
Authors: Meier Noëmi Rebecca , Sutter Thomas M. , Jacobsen Marc , Ottenhoff Tom H. M. , Vogt Julia E. , Ritz Nicole 
Published: January 2021

RationaleTuberculosis diagnosis in children remains challenging. Microbiological confirmation of tuberculosis disease is often lacking, and standard immunodiagnostic including the tuberculin skin test and interferon-γ release assay for tuberculosis infection has limited sensitivity. Recent research suggests that inclusion of novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens has the potential to improve standard immunodiagnostic tests for tuberculosis.ObjectiveTo identify optimal antigen–cytokine combinations using novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens and cytokine read-outs by machine learning algorithms to improve immunodiagnostic assays for tuberculosis.MethodsA total of 80 children undergoing investigation of tuberculosis were included (15 confirmed tuberculosis disease, five unconfirmed tuberculosis disease, 28 tuberculosis infection and 32 unlikely tuberculosis). Whole blood was stimulated with 10 novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens and a fusion protein of early secretory antigenic target (ESAT)-6 and culture filtrate protein (CFP) 10. Cytokines were measured using xMAP multiplex assays. Machine learning algorithms defined a discriminative classifier with performance measured using area under the receiver operating characteristics.Measurements and main resultsWe found the following four antigen–cytokine pairs had a higher weight in the discriminative classifier compared to the standard ESAT-6/CFP-10-induced interferon-γ: Rv2346/47c- and Rv3614/15c-induced interferon-gamma inducible protein-10; Rv2031c-induced granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and ESAT-6/CFP-10-induced tumor necrosis factor-α. A combination of the 10 best antigen–cytokine pairs resulted in area under the curve of 0.92 ± 0.04.ConclusionWe exploited the use of machine learning algorithms as a key tool to evaluate large immunological datasets. This identified several antigen–cytokine pairs with the potential to improve immunodiagnostic tests for tuberculosis in children.
Photochemical Internalization Enhanced Vaccination Is Safe, and Gives Promising Cellular Immune Responses to an HPV Peptide-Based Vaccine in a Phase I Clinical Study in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Otterhaug Tone , Janetzki Sylvia , Welters Marij J. P. , Håkerud Monika , Nedberg Anne Grete , Edwards Victoria Tudor , Boekestijn Sanne , Loof Nikki M. , Selbo Pål Kristian , Olivecrona Hans , van der Burg Sjoerd H. , Høgset Anders 
Published: January 2021

Background and AimsPhotochemical internalization (PCI) is a technology for inducing release of endocytosed antigens into the cell cytosolviaa light-induced process. Preclinical experiments have shown that PCI improves MHC class I antigen presentation, resulting in strongly enhanced CD8+ T-cell responses to polypeptide antigens. In PCI vaccination a mixture of the photosensitizing compound fimaporfin, vaccine antigens, and an adjuvant is administered intradermally followed by illumination of the vaccination site. This work describes an open label, phase I study in healthy volunteers, to assess the safety, tolerability, and immune response to PCI vaccination in combination with the adjuvant poly-ICLC (Hiltonol) (ClinicalTrials.govIdentifier: NCT02947854).MethodsThe primary objective of the study was to assess the safety and local tolerance of PCI mediated vaccination, and to identify a safe fimaporfin dose for later clinical studies. A secondary objective was to analyze the immunological responses to the vaccination. Each subject received 3 doses of HPV16 E7 peptide antigens and two doses of Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) protein. A control group received Hiltonol and vaccine antigens only, whereas the PCI groups in addition received fimaporfin + light. Local and systemic adverse effects were assessed by standard criteria, and cellular and humoral immune responses were analyzed by ELISpot, flow cytometry, and ELISA assays.Results96 healthy volunteers were vaccinated with fimaporfin doses of 0.75–50 µg. Doses below 17.5 µg were safe and tolerable, higher doses exhibited local tolerability issues in some study subjects, mainly erythema, and pain during illumination. There were few, and only mild and expected systemic adverse events. The employment of PCI increased the number of subjects exhibiting a T-cell response to the HPV peptide vaccine about 10-fold over what was achieved with the antigen/Hiltonol combination without PCI. Moreover, the use of PCI seemed to result in a more consistent and multifunctional CD8+ T-cell response. An enhancement of the humoral immune response to KLH vaccination was also observed.ConclusionsUsing PCI in combination with Hiltonol for intradermal vaccination is safe at fimaporfin doses below 17.5 µg, and gives encouraging immune responses to peptide and protein based vaccination.
Characterization of Treponema pallidum Dissemination in C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Lu Simin , Zheng Kang , Wang Jianye , Xu Man , Xie Yafeng , Yuan Shuai , Wang Chuan , Wu Yimou 
Published: January 2021

The spirochetal pathogenTreponema pallidumcauses 5 million new cases of venereal syphilis worldwide each year. One major obstacle to syphilis prevention and treatment is the lack of suitable experimental animal models to study its pathogenesis. Accordingly, in this study, we further evaluated the responses of mice toTreponema pallidum. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed thatTreponema pallidumcould colonize the heart, liver, spleen, kidneys, and testicles of C57BL/6 mice, and the organism may be able to rapidly penetrate the blood-brain barrier in mice by 24 h after infection. In subsequent rabbit infectivity tests, we observed evident signs of the microorganism in the mouse lymph node suspension. After infection, bacterial loads were higher in the tissues than in the blood of C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, a significant Th1 immune response was recorded by cytokine assays. Flow cytometric analysis suggested an obvious increase in the proportion of CD3+T and CD4+T cells in the spleen cells in the infected mice. Thus, improving our understanding of the response of C57BL/6 mice forTreponema pallidumwill help to comprehensive elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of this bacterium and lay the foundation for the development of a new research model ofTreponema pallidum.