bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a continuously active disinfectant for decontamination of portable medical equipment
Authors: Redmond Sarah N. , Cadnum Jennifer L. , Silva Sandra Y. , Pearlmutter Basya S. , Jencson Annette L. , Alhmidi Heba , Wilson Brigid M. , Donskey Curtis J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA single spray application of a continuously active disinfectant on portable equipment resulted in significant reductions in aerobic colony counts over 7 days and in recovery of Staphylococcus aureus and enterococci: 3 of 93 cultures (3%) versus 11 of 97 (11%) and 20 of 97 (21%) in quaternary ammonium disinfectant and untreated control groups, respectively.
LYRIC LOCATION AND PERFORMANCE CIRCUMSTANCES IN SAPPHO AND ALCAEUS: A COGNITIVE APPROACH
Authors: Gribble David 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA striking feature of the songs of Sappho and Alcaeus is their constant use of ‘deictic’ signals (‘I’, ‘you’, ‘this’, ‘here’, ‘now’) to establish a setting in a specific location in time and space. This article examines the created worlds of Sappho and Alcaeus, drawing on cognitive methodologies, in particular Text World Theory. It argues for the importance of a methodological distinction between the circumstances of performance of the songs, and the cognitive world they create (‘discourse world’ and ‘text world’). The locations established by the songs are designed to assimilate to, or mirror, the plausible/potential circumstances of actual performance, but are distinct from them, and are just as constructed as the artful lyric locations of Horace or Thomas Gray. Close readings of the songs show how Sappho and Alcaeus use ‘location’ as a tool in their poetics, exploiting the interaction between the world created by the songs and the circumstances of their performance.
Testing carbon and nitrogen sources for thein vitrogrowth of the model lichenized fungusEndocarpon pusillumHedw.
Authors: Mead Oliver L. , Gueidan Cécile 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo improve the efficiency of isolating and culturing lichen mycobionts, we performed a growth assay on an Australian strain of the soil-crust lichenized fungusEndocarpon pusillumHedw. This assay determined the preferred nitrogen and carbon sources of the fungus by limiting the available nitrogen or carbon sources to single compounds found in soils, plants and lichen thalli. We found that the non-proteinaceous amino acid, GABA, produced the most growth of all nutrients when provided as the sole nitrogen source but was a poor carbon source. Fructose, glucose, cellobiose and sorbitol produced the most growth of all the carbon sources tested. Ammonium, nitrate and polyamines were poor nutrient sources. These findings correspond with reports of primary metabolite pools in other lichen species and may guide future studies involving growth of recalcitrant lichen mycobionts.
Distribution and habitat preference of protected reindeer lichen species (Cladonia arbuscula, C. mitis and C. rangiferina) in the Balaton Uplands (Hungary)
Authors: Sinigla Mónika , Szurdoki Erzsébet , Lőkös László , Bartha Dénes , Galambos István , Bidló András , Farkas Edit 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe maintenance of protected lichen species and their biodiversity in general depends on good management practices based on their distribution and habitat preferences. To date, 10 of the 17 protected lichen species of Hungary have been recorded in the Bakony Mts including the Balaton Uplands region. Habitat preferences of three protected Cladonia species (C. arbuscula, C. mitis and C. rangiferina) growing on underlying rocks of red sandstone, basalt, Pannonian sandstone and gravel were investigated by detailed sampling. We recorded aspect, underlying rock type, soil depth, pH and CaCO3 content, habitat type (as defined by the General National Habitat Classification System Á-NÉR), all species of lichen, bryophyte and vascular plants as well as percentage cover of exposed rock, total bryophytes, lichens, vascular plants and canopy, degree of disturbance and animal impacts. Sporadic populations of these species mostly exist at the top of hills and mountains in open acidofrequent oak forests, but they may occur in other habitats, such as closed acidofrequent oak forests, slope steppes on stony soils, siliceous open rocky grasslands, open sand steppes, wet and mesic pioneer scrub and dry Calluna heaths. Cladonia rangiferina was found to grow beneath higher canopy cover than either C. arbuscula or C. mitis in the Balaton Uplands. Furthermore, there were significant differences in canopy cover between occupied and unoccupied quadrats in the case of all three species. Cladonia rangiferina is a good indicator species of natural habitats in Hungary due to its restricted distribution and low ecological tolerance. These results may lead to the adoption of effective conservation methods (e.g. game exclusion, artificial dispersal) in the future.
Three new species of crustoseTeloschistaceaein Siberia and the Far East
Authors: Frolov Ivan V. , Vondrák Jan , Konoreva Liudmila A. , Chesnokov Sergey V. , Himelbrant Dmitry E. , Arup Ulf , Stepanchikova Irina S. , Prokopiev Ilya A. , Yakovchenko Lidia S. , Davydov Evgeny A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThree species of the familyTeloschistaceae(lichenized Ascomycota) are described as new to science from Southern and Eastern Siberia and the Far East. CorticolousCaloplaca savicziibelongs to the genusCaloplacas. str.; it hasC. cerina-like apothecia and green to grey-green, crateriform soralia with a white rim.Lendemeriella aureopruinosais a saxicolous taxon with a thin grey thallus and small apothecia 0.3–0.6 mm in diameter, with a dark orange disc usually bearing epipsamma and often with a grey true exciple containing the pigment Cinereorufa-green.Orientophila infirmais a corticolous species with an endophloeodal thallus and small orange apothecia, 0.2–0.3 mm in diameter, usually with an inconspicuous thalline exciple. All new taxa presumably have a boreal north-eastern distribution in Asia.
Health technology assessment for digital technologies that manage chronic disease: a systematic review
Authors: von Huben Amy , Howell Martin , Howard Kirsten , Carrello Joseph , Norris Sarah 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
A growing number of evaluation frameworks have emerged over recent years addressing the unique benefits and risk profiles of new classes of digital health technologies (DHTs). This systematic review aims to identify relevant frameworks and synthesize their recommendations into DHT-specific content to be considered when performing Health Technology Assessments (HTAs) for DHTs that manage chronic noncommunicable disease at home.

Methods
Searches were undertaken of Medline, Embase, Econlit, CINAHL, and The Cochrane Library (January 2015 to March 2020), and relevant gray literature (January 2015 to August 2020) using keywords related to HTA, evaluation frameworks, and DHTs. Included framework reference lists were searched from 2010 until 2015. The EUNetHTA HTA Core Model version 3.0 was selected as a scaffold for content evaluation.

Results
Forty-four frameworks were identified, mainly covering clinical effectiveness (n = 30) and safety (n = 23) issues. DHT-specific content recommended by framework authors fell within 28 of the 145 HTA Core Model issues. A further twenty-two DHT-specific issues not currently in the HTA Core Model were recommended.

Conclusions
Current HTA frameworks are unlikely to be sufficient for assessing DHTs. The development of DHT-specific content for HTA frameworks is hampered by DHTs having varied benefit and risk profiles. By focusing on DHTs that actively monitor/treat chronic noncommunicable diseases at home, we have extended DHT-specific content to all nine HTA Core Model domains. We plan to develop a supplementary evaluation framework for designing research studies, undertaking HTAs, and appraising the completeness of HTAs for DHTs.
Sources of variation at the onset of bilingualism: The differential effect of input factors, AOA, and cognitive skills on HL Arabic and L2 English syntax
Authors: SOTO-COROMINAS Adriana , DASKALAKI Evangelia , PARADIS Johanne , WINTERS-DIFANI Magdalena , JANAIDEH Redab AL 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDespite growing research on individual differences in child bilinguals, few studies have focused on the development of syntax, included both languages, and studied newly arrived school-age migrant children. Accordingly, this study investigated the syntactic development of heritage language (HL) Syrian Arabic and L2 English by Syrian refugee children (N = 119) recently arrived in Canada using a sentence repetition task. Regression analyses showed that a partially overlapping set of child-level (input and cognitive skills) and language-level (syntactic structure) factors accounted for performance in each language. HL performance was particularly sensitive to language, cognitive, and input variables indexing cumulative HL exposure. L2 performance, however, was sensitive to cognitive and environmental variables indexing current and cumulative L2 use. Finally, despite stronger performance in Arabic than in English, results revealed interdependence between the two languages, indicating that participants with stronger syntactic abilities in their HL tended to have stronger syntactic abilities in their emerging L2.
Sperm DNA fragmentation measured by sperm chromatin dispersion impacts morphokinetic parameters, fertilization rate and blastocyst quality in ICSI treatments
Authors: Wang Shikai , Tan Weihong , Huang Yueyue , Mao Xianbao , Li Zhengda , Zhang Xiaohui , Wei Pingpin , Xue Lintao 
Published: May 2021

SummaryTo determine the effects of sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) on embryo morphokinetic parameters, cleavage patterns and embryo quality, this retrospective study analyzed 151 intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles (1152 embryos collected) between November 2016 and June 2019. SDF was assessed using sperm chromatin dispersion. The cycles were divided into two groups based on the SDF rate: SDF < 15% (n = 114) and SDF ≥ 15% (n = 37). The embryo morphokinetic parameters, cleavage patterns, and embryo quality were compared between the two groups. The morphokinetic parameters tPNf, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, and t8 were achieved significantly earlier in the SDF < 15% group compared with in the SDF ≥ 15% group. The fertilization and 2PN rates seemed to be significantly higher in the SDF < 15% group compared with in the SDF ≥ 15% group, while the abnormal cleavage rates were similar. However, a significantly higher rate of chaotic cleavage (CC) was observed in the SDF ≥ 15% group. The D3 high-quality embryo and available embryo rates were similar between the two groups. The blastocyst formation, high-quality blastocyst, and available blastocyst rates in the SDF < 15% group were significantly higher than those in the SDF ≥ 15% group. With an increase in SDF level, the chemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy and implantation rates tended to decrease, while the miscarriage rate increased. This study demonstrated that SDF ≥ 15% reduces the fertilization rate of ICSI cycles and affects certain morphokinetic parameters. A higher SDF level can also induce a higher rate of CC, with subsequent decreases in the blastocyst formation rate and blastocyst quality.
Molecular analysis of dilated and left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathies in Egyptian children
Authors: Mehaney Dina A. , Haghighi Alireza , Embaby Amira K. , Zeyada Reham A. , Darwish Rania K. , Elfeel Nesrine S. , Abouelhoda Mohamed , El-Saiedi Sonia A. , Gohar Nadida A. , Seliem Zeinab S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground:Paediatric cardiomyopathy is a progressive, often lethal disorder and the most common cause of heart failure in children. Despite its severe outcomes, the genetic aetiology is still poorly characterised. High-throughput sequencing offers a great opportunity for a better understanding of the genetic causes of cardiomyopathy.Aim:The current study aimed to elucidate the genetic background of cardiomyopathy in Egyptian children.Methods:This hospital-based study involved 68 patients; 58 idiopathic primary dilated cardiomyopathy and 10 left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathy-associated genes were investigated using targeted next-generation sequencing.Results:Consanguinity was positive in 53 and 70% of dilated cardiomyopathy and left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy patients, respectively. Positive family history of cardiomyopathy was present in 28% of dilated cardiomyopathy and 10% of the left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy patients. In 25 patients, 29 rare variants were detected; 2 likely pathogenic variants inTNNI3andTTNand 27 variants of uncertain significance explaining 2.9% of patients.Conclusions:The low genetic detection rate suggests that novel genes or variants might underlie paediatric cardiomyopathy in Egypt, especially with the high burden of consanguinity. Being the first national and regional report, our study could be a reference for future genetic testing in Egyptian cardiomyopathy children. Genome-wide tests (whole exome/genome sequencing) might be more suitable than the targeted sequencing to investigate the primary cardiomyopathy patients. Molecular characterisation of cardiomyopathies in different ethnicities will allow for global comparative studies that could result in understanding the pathophysiology and heterogeneity of cardiomyopathies.
Differential educational patterning of cardiometabolic risks between women and men among community-dwelling Chinese adults in Hong Kong: the mediating role of obesity
Authors: Chung Gary KK , Lai Francisco TT , Hung Heidi , Yeoh Eng-Kiong , Chung Roger Y 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectives:Educational inequalities in cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) are globally recognised; nonetheless, the evidence on potential explanatory mechanisms and effective strategies for CMD prevention and inequality reduction is relatively scarce in Asia. Therefore, the current study examined the extent and potential mediators of the association of education level with CMD conditions (i.e., hypertension and diabetes) in an advanced economy in Asia.Design:A cross-sectional study.Setting:This territory-wide cross-sectional Population Health Survey in 2014–2015 was performed in Hong Kong. Demographic, socio-economic and lifestyle factors were collected via questionnaire, while clinical data on blood pressure and glucose levels, lipid profiles and anthropometric measures were obtained during health examination. Hypertension and diabetes statuses were objectively defined by both clinical data and the use of relevant medications.Participants:2297 community-dwelling adults aged between 15–84 years recruited via systematic replicated sampling of living quarters.Results:Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis showed that lower education level was significantly associated with hypertension among women but not men, whereas similar pattern was also observed for diabetes and other related clinical risk factors. Also, general and abdominal obesity were independently associated with hypertension and diabetes among both women and men, and substantially mediated the observed inequalities across education levels among women. Specifically, abdominal obesity was a particularly strong risk factor and mediator for diabetes.Conclusion:Educational patterning of CMD was more apparent among women in Hong Kong. Obesity control appears to be important for both overall CMD prevention and reduction of educational inequalities in CMD among women.
Consumption of ultra-processed foods and nutritional profile in a health promotion service of primary care
Authors: Campos Suellen F , dos Santos Luana Caroline , Lopes Mariana S , de Freitas Patrícia P , Lopes Aline CS 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjective:Describing the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) and their association with the nutritional profiles among users of a health promotion service in a Brazilian city.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:Public health promotion service of Primary Health Care in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.Participants:Totally, 3372 participants.Results:UPF were found to contribute to 27·7 % of the diet’s total energy. The highest consumption was associated with higher values for energy intake (1561·8v. 1331·8 kcal/d;P< 0·01), energy density (1·7v. 1·4 kcal/g;P< 0·01), total (32·5v. 27·3 %;P< 0·01) and trans-fats (2·1v. 1·2 %;P< 0·01) and Na (1001·6v. 758·9 mg/1000 kcal;P< 0·01) and with lower values for proteins (14·9v. 19·6 %;P< 0·01), mono-unsaturated fats (16·1v. 20·1 %;P= 0·02),n-3 (0·9v. 1·1 %;P< 0·01) and some vitamins and minerals when comparing individuals in the last quintile of energy contribution from UPF in relation to the first one. The prevalence rate of nutrient inadequacy aimed at preventing non-communicable diseases increased between 30 % and 100 % when compared with the values of the fifth to the first quintile of UPF consumption (P< 0·001). However, the participants had lower energy intake, energy density and Na and higher fibre consumption when compared to Brazilian population.Conclusions:Participants showed a high consumption of UPF, but also positive diet characteristics when compared with the national data. The results suggest the importance of health promotion services to promote healthy food and the need to include approaches to reduce UPF consumption.
Uncovering survivorship bias in longitudinal mental health surveys during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Czeisler Mark É. , Wiley Joshua F. , Czeisler Charles A. , Rajaratnam Shantha M.W. , Howard Mark E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Aims
Markedly elevated adverse mental health symptoms were widely observed early in the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Unlike the U.S., where cross-sectional data indicate anxiety and depression symptoms have remained elevated, such symptoms reportedly declined in the U.K., according to analysis of repeated measures from a large-scale longitudinal study. However, nearly 40% of U.K. respondents (those who did not complete multiple follow-up surveys) were excluded from analysis, suggesting that survivorship bias might partially explain this discrepancy. We therefore sought to assess survivorship bias among participants in our longitudinal survey study as part of The COVID-19 Outbreak Public Evaluation (COPE) Initiative.

Methods
Survivorship bias was assessed in 4039 U.S. respondents who completed surveys including the assessment of mental health as part of The COPE Initiative in April 2020 and were invited to complete follow-up surveys. Participants completed validated screening instruments for symptoms of anxiety, depression and insomnia. Survivorship bias was assessed for (1) demographic differences in follow-up survey participation, (2) differences in initial adverse mental health symptom prevalence adjusted for demographic factors and (3) differences in follow-up survey participation based on mental health experiences adjusted for demographic factors.

Results
Adjusting for demographics, individuals who completed only one or two out of four surveys had significantly higher prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in April 2020 (e.g. one-survey v. four-survey, anxiety symptoms, adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]: 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–1.55, p = 0.0045; depression symptoms, aPR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.17–1.75, p = 0.00052). Moreover, individuals who experienced incident anxiety or depression symptoms had significantly higher adjusted odds of not completing follow-up surveys (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.22–2.31, p = 0.0015, aOR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.15–2.12, p = 0.0046, respectively).

Conclusions
Our findings reveal significant survivorship bias among longitudinal survey respondents, indicating that restricting analytic samples to only respondents who provide repeated assessments in longitudinal survey studies could lead to overly optimistic interpretations of mental health trends over time. Cross-sectional or planned missing data designs may provide more accurate estimates of population-level adverse mental health symptom prevalence than longitudinal surveys.
Tidally Induced Temporal Variations in Growth of Young‐of‐the‐Year Pacific Cod in the Yellow Sea
Authors: Li Jianchao , Jiang Feng , Wu Rui , Zhang Chi , Tian Yongjun , Sun Peng , Yu Haiqing , Liu Yang , Ye Zhenjiang , Ma Shuyang , Liu Shude , Dong Xiuqiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Yellow Sea is the southern limit of the distribution of Pacific cod (Gadus microcephalus), and the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (YSCWM) provides an appropriate over‐summering habitat for this species. Tidal current is the major component of the Yellow Sea hydrodynamic system, and its periodic variations influence the local ecological conditions and related ecosystems, particularly in the YSCWM, which is stratified in summer. To investigate the influence of tidal currents on Pacific cod growth, otolith daily increment in young‐of‐the‐year (YOY) Pacific cod in the Yellow Sea was analyzed in 2017. These data were integrated with a simulated tidal current using a multi‐scenario time‐delay analysis. This showed that: (1) the otolith daily increment exhibited a strong signal similar to the fortnightly tidal variation; (2) there was a lag of ∼8 days between the highest growth rate induced by the tidal current variation and monthly spring tide; and (3) the influence of the tidal current on otolith daily growth was stronger after migration of the cod into the YSCWM, particularly during the settlement stage. Given the stratified ocean structure during the over‐summering period, enhanced tidal mixing during the fortnightly spring tide would improve the exchange of nutrients and oxygen within the YSCWM, and lead to a delayed response of otolith growth due to feeding/digestion and subsequent growth. Therefore, variations in the tidal current have a marked positive ecological effect on the growth of YOY Pacific cod, and ultimately on the YSCWM ecosystem.
An ERA‐5 Derived CONUS‐Wide High‐Resolution Precipitation Dataset Based on a Refined Parametric Statistical Downscaling Framework
Authors: Emmanouil Stergios , Langousis Andreas , Nikolopoulos Efthymios I. , Anagnostou Emmanouil N. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe spatiotemporal character of rainfall is particularly important for hydrologic modeling, as well as hydroclimatic risk estimation and impact assessment. Existing atmospheric reanalysis datasets offer extensive record lengths and global coverage, but usually their spatial resolution is coarse for distributed hydrologic simulations at small spatial scales. On the other hand, the temporal coverage of high‐resolution radar‐based rainfall estimates can be rather short for risk applications. To address these shortcomings, we simultaneously bias‐correct and downscale a state‐of‐the‐art atmospheric reanalysis (ERA5) rainfall dataset, using the radar‐based Stage IV precipitation product as fine resolution reference, to develop an hourly CONUS‐wide precipitation product over a 4‐km grid, which extends back to 1979. In this regard, we refine an existing parametric quantile mapping framework based on a two‐component theoretical distribution model, where we impose continuity of the parametric forms via optimal threshold selection to transition between higher and lower rain rates. An evaluation over the probability frequency and time domains, using NOAA’s raingauge measurements as benchmark, reveals that the developed product benefits from the strengths of the calibration datasets, demonstrating good performance and robust behavior over all studied time periods and Köppen climate classification zones, including snow‐prone regions or areas where mesoscale convective systems become dominant. The accuracy of the yielded high spatial‐resolution rain rates, especially in low probability events, shows that the developed product can be effectively used for hydroclimatic risk applications and frequency analysis, while its high temporal and spatial resolution makes it particularly useful for distributed hydrologic modeling.