bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic and genetic associations of quantitative magnetic susceptibility in UK Biobank brain imaging
Authors: Wang Chaoyue , Martins-Bach Aurea B. , Alfaro-Almagro Fidel , Douaud Gwenaëlle , Klein Johannes C. , Llera Alberto , Fiscone Cristiana , Bowtell Richard , Elliott Lloyd T. , Smith Stephen M. , Tendler Benjamin C. , Miller Karla L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA key aim in epidemiological neuroscience is identification of markers to assess brain health and monitor therapeutic interventions. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is an emerging MRI technique that measures tissue magnetic susceptibility and has been shown to detect pathological changes in tissue iron, myelin and calcification. We developed a QSM processing pipeline to estimate magnetic susceptibility of multiple brain structures in 35,885 subjects from the UK Biobank prospective epidemiological study. We identified phenotypic associations of magnetic susceptibility that include body iron, disease, diet, and alcohol consumption. Genome-wide associations related magnetic susceptibility to genetic variants with biological functions involving iron, calcium, myelin, and extracellular matrix. These patterns of associations include relationships that are unique to QSM, in particular being complementary to T2* measures. These new imaging phenotypes are being integrated into the core UK Biobank measures provided to researchers world-wide, creating potential to discover novel, non-invasive markers of brain health.
De novo brain-computer interfacing deforms manifold of populational neural activity patterns in human cerebral cortex
Authors: Iwama Seitaro , Yichi Zhang , Ushiba Junichi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHuman brains are capable of modulating innate activities to adapt to novel environmental stimuli; for sensorimotor cortices (SM1) this means acquisition of a rich repertoire of motor behaviors. We investigated the adaptability of human SM1 motor control by analyzing net neural population activity during the learning of brain-computer interface (BCI) operations. We found systematic interactions between the neural manifold of cortical population activities and BCI classifiers; the neural manifold was stretched by rescaling motor-related features of electroencephalograms with model-based fixed classifiers, but not with adaptive classifiers that were constantly recalibrated to user activity. Moreover, operation of a BCI based on a de novo classifier with a fixed decision boundary based on biologically unnatural features, deformed the neural manifold to be orthogonal to the boundary. These principles of neural adaptation at a macroscopic level may underlie the ability of humans to learn wide-ranging behavioral repertoires and adapt to novel environments.Abstract Figure
Voxelated Bioprinting of Mechanically Robust Multiscale Porous Scaffolds for Pancreatic Islets
Authors: Zhu Jinchang , He Yi , Kong Linlin , He Zhijian , Kang Kaylen Y. , Grady Shannon P. , Nguyen Leander Q. , Chen Dong , Wang Yong , Oberholzer Jose , Cai Li-Heng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) bioprinting additively assembles bio-inks to manufacture tissue-mimicking biological constructs, but with the typical building blocks limited to one-dimensional filaments. Here, we develop a technique for the digital assembly of spherical particles (DASP), which are effectively zero-dimensional voxels – the basic unit of 3D structures. We show that DASP enables on-demand generation, deposition, and assembly of viscoelastic bio-ink droplets. We establish a phase diagram that outlines the viscoelasticity of bio-inks required for printing spherical particles of good fidelity. Moreover, we develop a strategy for engineering bio-inks with independently controllable viscoelasticity and mesh size. Using DASP, we create mechanically robust, multiscale porous scaffolds composed of interconnected yet distinguishable hydrogel particles. Finally, we demonstrate the application of the scaffolds in encapsulating human pancreatic islets for responsive insulin release. Together with the knowledge of bio-ink design, DASP might be used to engineer highly heterogeneous yet tightly organized tissue constructs for therapeutic applications.Table of ContentsA three-dimensional bioprinting technology is developed to enable on-demand generation, deposition, and assembly of viscoelastic bio-ink droplets in a biofriendly environment. A strategy is developed to independently control elasticity, viscosity, and mesh size of bio-inks. The technique allows for easy manufacturing mechanically robust multiscale porous scaffolds, which can be used to encapsulate human pancreatic islets for sustained responsive insulin release.
FoxA1 and FoxA2 regulate growth and cellular identity in NKX2-1-positive lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Orstad Grace , Fort Gabriela , Parnell Timothy J , Jones Alex , Stubben Chris , Lohman Brian , Gillis Katherine L. , Orellana Walter , Tariq Rushmeen , Klingbeil Olaf , Kaestner Klaus , Vakoc Christopher R. , Spike Benjamin T. , Snyder Eric L. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTChanges in cellular identity (also known as histologic transformation or lineage plasticity) can drive malignant progression and resistance to therapy in multiple types of cancer, including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The lineage specifying transcription factors FoxA1 and FoxA2 (FoxA1/2) regulate identity in NKX2-1/TTF1-negative LUAD. However, their role in NKX2-1-positive LUAD has not been systematically investigated. We find that Foxa1/2 knockout severely impairs tumorigenesis in KRAS-driven genetically engineered mouse models and human cell lines. Foxa1/2 deletion leads to the collapse of a dual identity state, marked by co-expression of pulmonary and gastrointestinal transcriptional programs, which has been implicated in LUAD progression. Mechanistically, loss of FoxA1/2 leads to aberrant NKX2-1 activity and genomic localization, which inhibits tumorigenesis and drives alternative cellular identity programs associated with non-proliferative states. This work demonstrates that FoxA1/2 expression is a novel lineage-specific vulnerability in NKX2-1-positive LUAD and identifies mechanisms of response and resistance to targeting FoxA1/2 in this disease.
GLI transcriptional repression is inert prior to Hedgehog pathway activation
Authors: Lex Rachel K. , Zhou Weiqiang , Ji Zhicheng , Falkenstein Kristin N. , Schuler Kaleigh E. , Windsor Kathryn E. , Kim Joseph D. , Ji Hongkai , Vokes Steven A. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryIn the absence of Hedgehog (HH) signaling, GLI proteins are post-translationally modified within cilia into transcriptional repressors that subsequently prevent sub-threshold activation of HH target genes. GLI repression is presumably important for preventing precocious expression of target genes before the onset of HH pathway activation, a presumption that underlies the pre-patterning model of anterior-posterior limb polarity. Here, we report that GLI3 repressor is abundant and binds to target genes in early limb development. However, contrary to expectations, GLI3 repression neither regulates the activity of GLI enhancers nor expression of HH target genes as it does after HH signaling has been established. Within the cilia, the transition to active GLI repression is accompanied by increases in axonemal GLI3 localization, possibly signifying altered GLI3 processing. Together, our results demonstrate that GLI3 repression does not prevent precocious activation of HH target genes, or have a pre-patterning role in regulating anterior-posterior limb polarity.
Tetrahymena thermophila Granule Lattice Protein 3 Improves Solubility of Sexual Stage Malaria Antigens Expressed in Escherichia coli
Authors: Akkale Cengiz , Cassidy-Hanley Donna Marie , Clark Theodore G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe requirement for low cost manufacturing makes bacterial cells a logical platform for the production of recombinant subunit vaccines for malaria. However, protein solubility has been a major stumbling block with prokaryotic expression systems. Notable examples include the transmission blocking vaccine candidates, Pfs25 and Pfs48/45, which are almost entirely insoluble when expressed as recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. Various solubility tags have been used with limited success in improving solubility, although recent studies with granule lattice protein 1 (Grl1p) from the ciliated protozoan, Tetrahymena thermophila, have shown promise. Here, we examine a related solubility tag, granule lattice protein 3 (Grl3p) from T. thermophila, and compare it to both Grl1p and the well-studied maltose binding protein (MBP) used to improve the solubility of multiple protein targets. We find that Grl3p performs comparably to Grl1p when linked to Pfs25 but significantly improves solubility when paired with Pfs48/45.
Analyzing Nested Experimental Designs – A User-Friendly Resampling Method to Determine Experimental Significance
Authors: Kulkarni Rishikesh U. , Wang Catherine L. , Bertozzi Carolyn R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe report Hierarch, a Python package to perform hypothesis tests and compute confidence intervals on hierarchical experimental designs. Using a combination of permutation resampling and bootstrap aggregation, Hierarch can be used to perform hypothesis tests that maintain nominal Type I error rates and generate confidence intervals that maintain the nominal coverage probability without making distributional assumptions about the dataset of interest. Hierarch makes use of the Numba JIT compiler to reduce p-value computation times to under one second for typical datasets in biomedical research. Hierarch also enables researchers to construct user-defined resampling plans that take advantage of Hierarch’s Numba-accelerated functions. Hierarch is freely available as a Python package at https://github.com/rishi-kulkarni/hierarch.
The P-selectin ligand PSGL-1 (CD162) is efficiently incorporated by primary HIV-1 isolates and can facilitate trans-infection
Authors: Burnie Jonathan , Persaud Arvin Tejnarine , Thaya Laxshaginee , Liu Qingbo , Miao Huiyi , Grabinsky Stephen , Norouzi Vanessa , Lusso Paolo , Tang Vera A. , Guzzo Christina 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTWhile P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1/CD162) has been studied extensively for its role in mediating leukocyte rolling through interactions with its receptor, P-selectin, recently, it was identified as a novel HIV-1 host restriction factor. One key mechanism of HIV-1 restriction is the ability of PSGL-1 to be physically incorporated into the external viral envelope, which effectively reduces infectivity by blocking virus attachment through the steric hindrance caused by its large ectodomain. Importantly, a large portion of the literature demonstrating the antiviral activity of PSGL-1 has utilized viruses produced in transfected cells which express high levels of PSGL-1. However, herein we show that virion-incorporated PSGL-1 is far less abundant on the surface of viruses produced via infection of physiologically relevant models (T cell lines and primary cells) compared to transfection (overexpression) models. Unique to this study, we show that PSGL-1 is incorporated in a broad range of HIV-1 and SIV isolates, supporting the physiological relevance of this incorporation. We also report that high levels of virion-incorporated PSGL-1 are detectable in plasma from viremic HIV-1 infected individuals, further corroborating the clinical relevance of PSGL-1 in natural infection. Additionally, we show that PSGL-1 on viruses is functionally active and can bind its cognate receptor, P-selectin, and that virions captured via P-selectin can subsequently be transferred to HIV-permissive bystander cells in a model of trans-infection. Taken together, our data suggest that PSGL-1 may have diverse roles in the physiology of HIV-1 infection, not restricted to the current antiviral paradigm.IMPORTANCEPSGL-1 is an HIV-1 host restriction factor which reduces viral infectivity by physically incorporating into the envelope of virions. While the antiviral effects of PSGL-1 in viruses produced by transfection models is profound, HIV-1 continues to remain infectious when produced through natural infection, even when PSGL-1 is incorporated. To study this discordance, we compared the differences in infectivity and PSGL-1 abundance in viruses produced by transfection or infection. Viruses produced via transfection contained unnaturally high levels of incorporated PSGL-1 compared to viruses from primary cells, and were much less infectious. We also found PSGL-1 to be present on a broad range of HIV-1 isolates, including those found in plasma from HIV-infected patients. Remarkably, we show that virion-incorporated PSGL-1 facilitates virus capture and transfer to HIV-permissive host cells via binding to P-selectin. These findings suggest that PSGL-1 may also work to enhance infectionin vivo.
Measuring stereotypes in the banking industry – an application to client relational benefits
Authors: Hobeika Janine 
Published: June 2021

PurposeDespite interest in social stereotypes such as gender, race and age, professional stereotypes of frontline employees is still a new topic that requires measurement in the banking services. The purpose of this paper is to develop and validate a reliable banker stereotype scale that reflects all useful dimensions.Design/methodology/approachA multi-dimensional scale is developed using a mixed method in the French context. Qualitative data were collected from two samples (11 private banking clients, 17 retail banking clients). Quantitative data were collected from two diversified samples built by quotas: an exploratory sample (n = 226) and a confirmatory sample (n = 579). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test and validate the scale.FindingsThe measurement scale proves to be valid and reliable. The scale is then used in a conceptual model as an explanatory factor of expected relational benefits where relations are analyzed using structural equation modeling. The model successfully provides some explanatory links between the banker stereotypes and the expected relational benefits.Practical implicationsThe concept of the professional stereotype can be further used to better understand relationship quality and customer satisfaction through relational benefits, and more widely as a part of the know your customer (KYC) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) procedures.Originality/valueThe scale identifies four behavioral dimensions (partner, paternalistic, subordinate and shark) and one about dress code (formal clothing).
Entrepreneurial learning in extra-curricular start-up programs for students
Authors: Pocek Jasna , Politis Diamanto , Gabrielsson Jonas 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThis study focuses on extra-curricular start-up programs for students at higher educational institutions. It explores the social and situated learning experiences of students who participate in start-up programs, as well as how the processes and outcomes of entrepreneurial learning are potentially shaped by this context.Design/methodology/approachThe study follows multiple cohorts of students who have participated in an extra-curricular start-up program managed by three collaborating universities in Greater Copenhagen. The data have been inductively analyzed using semi-structured interviews with students and project managers during and after the start-up program, complemented with project progress reports, observation notes and survey data.FindingsThe analysis generates a grounded, theoretically informed process model of entrepreneurial learning situated in extra-curricular start-up programs. The model depicts how the immersion, comprehension and co-participation in entrepreneurship as social practice subsequently enables students to expand knowledge structures and develop greater self-confidence in performing entrepreneurship. The model identifies three interconnected components that trigger entrepreneurial learning among students, which allow them to acquire two set of competencies: venture creation competencies and enterprising competencies.Originality/valueThe findings offer unique insights into how the social and relational environment influence and shape the learning experience of students, hence filling the research void on entrepreneurial learning in the situated context of extra-curricular enterprise activities. The findings also elucidate how individual learning experiences of students are potentially shaped by the immersion, comprehension and co-participation in entrepreneurship as social practice.
The impact of the institutional environment and experience on social entrepreneurship: a multi-group analysis
Authors: Ghazali Ezlika M. , Mutum Dilip S. , Javadi Haleh Hakim 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThis study presents a framework for integrating distinct perspectives on social entrepreneurship by combining institutional theory with the social entrepreneurship intention model. The framework assesses the relationships between social support and the perceived feasibility and desirability of social entrepreneurship, the relationships between social support and the institutional environments of social workers, and the moderating role of prior experience of social work and volunteering.Design/methodology/approachThe model was tested using 266 validated responses from an online and paper-based survey distributed among social workers. Partial least squares structural equation modelling was used to analyse the data, and multi-group analysis was conducted to examine the moderation effects.FindingsThe findings indicate that experience moderates the relationships between the regulatory and cognitive environments, cognitive environments and social support, and social support and perceived feasibility. Experience negatively moderates the relationship between the normative environment and social support.Practical implicationsActive government involvement in the form of incentives and financial support would encourage the creation of social ventures.Social implicationsEducational programmes are also necessary to help raise awareness and increase the familiarity and knowledge of potential social entrepreneurs.Originality/valueThe study analyses the effects of institutional environmental components, recognised as highly influential on the development of social entrepreneurship, as well as the impact of perceived social support on the antecedents of the perceived desirability and feasibility of social entrepreneurship. It also addresses how social work experience modifies these relationships. Contrary to previous studies, the findings suggest that increasing social work experience isolates entrepreneurs from their environment.
Fast-food information, information quality and information gap: a temporal exploration of the notion of information in science communication on climate change
Authors: Graminius Carin 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to discuss the concept of information in relation to temporality within the context of climate change communication. Furthermore, the paper aims to highlight the empirical richness of information as a concept by analysing its use in context.Design/methodology/approachThe discussion is based on 14 semi-structured interviews with initiators and collaborators of 6 open letters on climate change published in 2018–2019. By taking three specific notions the interviewees introduced—fast food information, information quality and information gap–as the analytical point of departure, the study aims for a contextual understanding of information grounded in temporal sensitivity.FindingsThe paper finds that information in the context of open letters is informed by different, and at times contradicting, temporalities and timescapes which align with various material, institutional and discursive practices. Based on this finding, the paper argues that notions of information are intrinsically linked to the act of communicating, and they should be viewed as co-constituting each other.Originality/valueThe paper contributes with an empirically informed discussion regarding the concept of information as it is used in a specific context. It illustrates how “information” is far from being understood in a singular fashion, but is made up of multifaceted and at times contradictory understandings. Ultimately, they correspond to why and how one communicates climate change information.
Lessons learned during Covid-19 concerning cheating in e-examinations by university students
Authors: Krambia Kapardis Maria , Spanoudis George 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The researchers aim to investigate how students can be deterred from cheating, whether legal or ethical policies and procedures are effective and whether there are gender differences.

Design/methodology/approach
Using data on students undertaking midterm and final e-examinations, as well as a control group of students who were caught cheating in an online mid-semester examination, the authors attempt to answer the research questions.

Findings
No differences were found in cheating in terms of students’ gender or whether they were repeating a course or not. However, the study revealed that if there are more internal controls imposed and if before the examination students are made to reinforce their academic integrity, e-examination cheating is reduced.

Originality/value
No other published study was carried out with students who were involved in cheating.
Do socially responsible managers forecast sales more accurately?
Authors: Chronopoulos Panagiotis 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to examine whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) is related to management sales forecast accuracy.

Design/methodology/approach
Use KLD measures of corporate responsibility combined with forecast accuracy regression model, including controls for management skills and expertise.

Findings
Socially responsible firms commit forecast errors of lower magnitude and sales forecast accuracy is positively related to the level of CSR.

Research limitations/implications
A strong motive for research on the field of CSR topic under the scope of reporting quality. Future research could focus on alternative measures of CSR; such as announcements included into the financial statements or separately disclosed expenses. Examine the magnitude of confirmed relation, among different economies worldwide.

Practical implications
CSR effect on manager sales forecasting activity, highlight the impact of brand awareness and customer loyalty, as created by implementing CSR strategies, on firm growth and sales expansion.

Social implications
The research enhances the era towards more socially responsible firms, presenting evidence of such an adoption on corporate fundamentals.

Originality/value
To the knowledge there is no prior research examining the implications of CSR on sales forecast accuracy.