bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active equine parvovirus‐hepatitis infection is most frequently detected in Austrian horses of advanced age
Authors: Badenhorst Marcha , de Heus Phebe , Auer Angelika , Tegtmeyer Birthe , Stang Alexander , Dimmel Katharina , Tichy Alexander , Kubacki Jakub , Bachofen Claudia , Steinmann Eike , Cavalleri Jessika M. V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundEquine parvovirus‐hepatitis (EqPV‐H) research is in its infancy. Information regarding prevalence, geographical distribution, genetic diversity, pathogenesis and risk factors enhances understanding of this potentially fatal infection.ObjectivesDetermining the prevalence of EqPV‐H in Austrian equids. Investigating factors increasing probability of infection, liver‐associated biochemistry parameters, concurrent equine hepacivirus (EqHV) infection and phylogenetic analysis of Austrian EqPV‐H variants.Study designCross‐sectional study.MethodsSera from 259 horses and 13 donkeys in Austria were analysed for anti‐EqPV‐H VP1‐specific antibodies by luciferase immunoprecipitation system (LIPS) and EqPV‐H DNA by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Associations between infection status, sex and age were described. Glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT), bile acids and albumin concentrations were compared between horses with active infection and PCR‐negative horses. PCR targeting partial EqPV‐H NS1 was performed and phylogenetic analysis of Austrian EqPV‐H variants was conducted. Complete coding sequences (CDS) of four Austrian variants were determined by next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and compared with published sequences.ResultsHorses' EqPV‐H seroprevalence was 30.1% and DNA prevalence was 8.9%. One horse was co‐infected with EqHV. Significantly, higher probability of active EqPV‐H infection was identified in 16‐ to 31‐year‐old horses, compared with 1‐ to 8‐year‐old horses (P = 0.002; OR = 8.19; 95% CI = 1.79 to 37.50) and 9‐ to 15‐year‐old horses (P = 0.03; OR = 2.96; 95% CI = 1.08 to 8.17). Liver‐associated plasma parameters were not significantly different between horses with active infection and controls. Austrian EqPV‐H variants revealed high similarity to sequences worldwide. No evidence of EqPV‐H was detected in donkeys.Main limitationsEquids’ inclusion depended upon owner consent. There was only one sampling point per animal and the sample of donkeys was small.ConclusionsEqPV‐H antibodies and DNA are frequently detected in Austrian horses, without associated hepatitis in horses with active infection. The risk of active EqPV‐H infection increases with increasing age. Phylogenetic evidence supports close relation of EqPV‐H variants globally, including Austrian variants.
Physical examination for the detection of hypervolemia among patients on chronic dialysis: A diagnostic‐test study
Authors: Tsikliras Nikolaos C. , Georgianos Panagiotis I. , Vaios Vasilios , Kousoula Varvara , Kirgialanis Apostolos , Chatzidimitriou Christos , Mavromatidis Kostantinos , Liakopoulos Vassilios , Zebekakis Pantelis E. , Balaskas Elias V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionAssessment of dry‐weight among patients on dialysis is challenging in the absence of reliable markers to define fluid overload (FO). This study aimed to explore the value of two simple clinical signs, pedal edema, and crackles at pulmonary auscultation, in diagnosing hypervolemia, using bioimpendence spectroscopy (BIS) as reference standard.MethodsIn a cohort of 107 asymptomatic dialysis patients, FO was assessed with physical examination and BIS shortly before the mid‐week dialysis session. Patients were also asked to perform home blood pressure (BP) monitoring with a validated, automatic device (HEM‐705, Omron, Healthcare) for 1 week in order to determine their BP outside of dialysis.FindingsPatients within the high tertile of predialysis FO had longer dialysis vintage, lower serum albumin and higher home systolic BP, despite the more aggressive treatment with a higher average number of antihypertensives daily. In receiver‐operating‐characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, pedal edema (area under curve [AUC]: 0.534; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.416–0.651) and pulmonary crackles (AUC: 0.551; 95% CI: 0.432–0.671) had limited accuracy in detecting excess predialysis FO > 2.2 L. The agreement of pedal edema (k‐coefficient: 0.065) and pulmonary crackles (k‐coefficient: 0.122) with BIS‐derived FO was poor. In multivariate linear regression analysis, longer dialysis vintage (β: 0.306, p < 0.001) and higher home systolic BP (β: 0.287, p < 0.01) were the two factors that were associated with predialysis FO.ConclusionsThis study showed that among asymptomatic dialysis patients, pedal edema and pulmonary crackles in physical examination had limited discriminatory power in detection of FO, as assessed with the method of BIS.
Rapid assessment of the three‐dimensional distribution of dominant arboreal ants in tropical forests
Authors: Leponce Maurice , Dejean Alain , Mottl Ondrej , Klimes Petr 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Ants are omnipresent in tropical forests, especially territorially dominant arboreal ants whose territories are spatially segregated forming ‘ant mosaics’. These ecologically important species are rarely used in conservation monitoring because of the difficulty in collecting them. We developed a standardised baitline protocol to study the distribution of dominant ants on canopy trees and also a procedure to objectively define species dominance, even in unknown ant assemblages.
Besides eliminating the need to climb trees, this protocol allows live arboreal ant specimens to be sampled at different heights. Behavioural aggressiveness assays between the collected workers provide data on the three‐dimensional distribution of colonies and on interactions between species. We compared the results of the behavioural tests to those from null models.
In the New Guinean lowland forest studied, we show that the canopy was either shared by multiple territorial species or inhabited by a single species with a large territory. The baitline protocol collected up to half of the arboreal ant species found in a felling census. However, the proportion of species collected at baits decreased with the increasing spatial dominance of single territorial species.
Behavioural observations used in the protocol allowed a more efficient detection of ant mosaics than null models. Territorially dominant ants were active on both understorey and canopy trees.
The protocol is fast and easy to replicate. It is a potential tool for understanding and monitoring the spatiotemporal dynamics of arboreal ant assemblages and can detect populous colonies, including those of invasive species.
Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on the mental health of university students in Sichuan Province, China: An online cross‐sectional study
Authors: Yang Kai‐Han , Wang Lei , Liu Hui , Li Lin‐Xia , Jiang Xiao‐Lian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 is an emerging public health problem threatening not only the life but also the normal psychology of people. University students’ mental health is the focus in the field of higher education. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has brought into attention the mental health problems of this vulnerable group. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on the mental health of university students in Sichuan Province, China. We conducted a cross‐sectional study from April 2020 to May 2020. The participants responded to an online questionnaire that included informed consent, basic information, 20‐item Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ‐20), and Self‐Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). We received 521 effective responses. The results included the following: 19.0% of respondents reported distress, and 31.5%, 8.1%, and 5.8% of them reported mild, moderate, and severe anxiety, respectively; respondents aged ≤ 22 years, medical students, and those who were in general health reported more distress than others; and medical students and those who paid more attention to pandemic information reported more anxiety than others. Findings suggest that the mental health of university students should be monitored during pandemic, especially for younger students, medical students, students in general health status, and those who paid too much attention to the news of the pandemic. Due to the limited sample representativeness, we must be cautious when generalizing these findings to other regions of China or other countries.
A comparison of features in a crowdsourced phishing warning system
Authors: Nguyen Christopher , Jensen Matthew L. , Durcikova Alexandra , Wright Ryan T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInitial research on using crowdsourcing as a collaborative method for helping individuals identify phishing messages has shown promising results. However, the vast majority of crowdsourcing research has focussed on crowdsourced system components broadly and understanding individuals' motivation in contributing to crowdsourced systems. Little research has examined the features of crowdsourced systems that influence whether individuals utilise this information, particularly in the context of warnings for phishing emails. Thus, the present study examined four features related to warnings derived from a mock crowdsourced anti‐phishing warning system that 438 participants were provided to aid in their evaluation of a series of email messages: the number of times an email message was reported as being potentially suspicious, the source of the reports, the accuracy rate of the warnings (based on reports) and the disclosure of the accuracy rate. The results showed that crowdsourcing features work together to encourage warning acceptance and reduce anxiety. Accuracy rate demonstrated the most prominent effects on outcomes related to judgement accuracy, adherence to warning recommendations and anxiety with system use. The results are discussed regarding implications for organisations considering the design and implementation of crowdsourced phishing warning systems that facilitate accurate recommendations.
Person‐Centred Care for older people: Convergence and assessment of users’ relatives’ and staff's perspectives
Authors: Martínez Teresa , Postigo Álvaro , Cuesta Marcelino , Muñiz José 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimDevelop two psychometrically sound questionnaires to assess users’ and relatives’ opinions of Person‐Centred Care. Evaluate the convergence between the perspectives of the different agents involved in Person‐Centred Care in the older people: Users, relatives and staff. Examine the relationships between Person‐Centred Care and care quality and the users’ perceived psychological well‐being.DesignWe used the psychometric technology involved in the development and analysis of tests for the first objective. For the second and third objectives, we used a descriptive‐correlational design.MethodThe sample comprised 636 clients of older people care residences, 742 relatives and 844 healthcare professionals. The mean age of the centre residents was 81.62 years old (SD = 9.51), the mean age of relatives was 56.7 (SD = 10.15) and the mean age of healthcare professionals was 39.94 (SD = 10.56). Data collection lasted 10 months, between May 2017 and March 2018. Two new Person‐Centred Care instruments were developed and the correlations between different agents were calculated.ResultsThe newly developed measurement instruments demonstrated a unidimensional structure and high internal consistency and stability over time (users: α = .96, ω = .96, r = .91; relatives: α = .97, ω = .97, r = .95). There was high convergence between the Person‐Centred Care evaluations from the staff, users and relatives, with correlations ranging between .62 and .76.ConclusionThe new measurement instruments were reliable and valid. The opinions of the staff, users and relatives about Person‐Centred Care in the residential centres were in good agreement. Furthermore, Person‐Centred Care was associated with care quality and residents’ psychological well‐being.ImpactA gap in the literature is an examination of the extent to which assessments of Person‐Centred Care made by staff agree with those by users of the services and their relatives. In order to do that, two new measuring instruments were developed, which showed excellent psychometric properties, and are able to reliably, validly evaluate Person‐Centred Care.
Hemodynamic responses to In‐Bed Cycle Exercise in the acute phase after moderate to severe stroke: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sandberg Klas , Kleist Marie , Enthoven Paul , Wijkman Magnus 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHemodynamic responses to exercise in the acute phase after moderate to severe stroke have remained poorly investigated. The aim of this randomized controlled study, in which 52 (32 women) patients with moderate to severe stroke were randomized to three weeks of 20 minutes in‐bed cycle exercise 5 days per week or to usual care, was to explore the systolic blood pressure (SBP) response to exercise and to evaluate the impact of the intervention on the resting and post‐test systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate, and on the systolic blood pressure response to exercise. We found that resting SBP decreased from baseline to post‐intervention in both the intervention group (147.7 ± 18.1 mmHg to 125.3 ± 17.1 mmHg, P < .001) and in the control group (147.8 ± 23.7 mmHg to 131.4 ± 14.8 mmHg, P < .001) without a significant difference between the groups (interaction P = .308). However, there was a significant difference (interaction P = .010) regarding how Δ SBP (change in SBP from pre‐test to post‐test) changed from baseline to post‐intervention. In the intervention group, Δ SBP increased from −1.0 ± 15.0 mmHg to 8.5 ± 9.4 mmHg, P = .009, whereas in the control group, Δ SBP decreased from 7.1 + 10.9 mmHg to 4.5 + 11.8 mmHg, P = .395. We conclude that patients randomized to in‐bed cycle exercise seemed to normalize their blood pressure response to exercise to a larger extent than patients in the control group.
Wikipedia matters
Authors: Hinnosaar Marit , Hinnosaar Toomas , Kummer Michael , Slivko Olga 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe document a causal impact of online user‐generated information on real‐world economic outcomes. In particular, we conduct a randomized field experiment to test whether additional content on Wikipedia pages about cities affects tourists' choices of overnight visits. Our treatment of adding information to Wikipedia increases overnight stays in treated cities compared to nontreated cities. The impact is largely driven by improvements to shorter and relatively incomplete pages on Wikipedia. Our findings highlight the value of digital public goods for informing individual choices.
Effectiveness of chest physiotherapy using passive slow expiratory techniques in dogs with airway fluid accumulation: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pouzot‐Nevoret Céline , Magnin Mathieu , Barthélemy Anthony , Goy‐Thollot Isabelle , Cambournac Maxime , Nectoux Alexandra , Allaouchiche Bernard 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundProlonged slow expiration (PSE) and assisted cough (AC) are airway clearance techniques feasible and well tolerated in dogs.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of PSE and AC as chest physiotherapy (CP) techniques in dogs with airway fluid accumulation.AnimalsThirty‐one client‐owned dogs hospitalized in an intensive care unit from October 2014 to May 2018.MethodsProspective randomized controlled trial. Dogs presented with or developing acute dyspnea during hospitalization associated with airway fluid accumulation were assigned to CP group (medical treatment and CP, 15 dogs) or control group (medical treatment alone, 16 dogs). The arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) to fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) ratio (P/F ratio; PaO2/FiO2 × 100) was calculated daily for the 1st 48 hours of hospitalization and using the last arterial blood gas performed before discharge or death. The ratio of days of hospitalization with oxygen/total number of hospitalization days (ratio of oxygen‐free‐days [O2Free]) was calculated.ResultsDuring the 1st 48 hours, the P/F ratio increased significantly in the CP group compared to the control group (+ 35.1 mm Hg/day; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.4‐57.5; P = .03). The (median; 1st quartile to 3rd quartile) difference between the P/F ratio at discharge and inclusion was significantly higher in the CP group (178 mm Hg; 123‐241) than in the control group (54 mm Hg; −19 ‐ 109; P = .001). Mean O2Free increased by 46.4% in the CP group compared with control group (95% CI = 16‐59; P = .001). Mortality was 13% (2/15) in the CP group and 44% (7/16) in the control group (P = .07).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceProlonged slow expiration and AC improved P/F ratio within 48 hours and decreased need for oxygenation in dyspneic dogs with acute airway fluid accumulation.
Plasma amino acid concentrations during experimental hyperinsulinemia in 2 laminitis models
Authors: Stokes Simon M. , Stefanovski Darko , Bertin François‐René , Medina‐Torres Carlos E. , Belknap James K. , van Eps Andrew W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundEndocrinopathic laminitis develops in association with insulin dysregulation, but the role of insulin in the pathogenesis remains unclear. Hyperinsulinemia can cause hypoaminoacidemia, which is associated with integumentary lesions in other species and therefore warrants investigation as a potential mechanism in laminitis.ObjectiveEvaluate plasma amino acid concentrations in the euglycemic‐hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC) and prolonged glucose infusion (PGI) laminitis models.AnimalsSixteen Standardbred horses.MethodsProspective experimental study. Plasma amino acid concentrations were measured in samples collected every 6 hours from horses that underwent a 48‐hour EHC (n = 8) or 66‐hour PGI (n = 8) after a 24‐ or 6‐hour baseline period in EHC and PGI groups, respectively.ResultsFifteen of the 20 measured amino acid concentrations decreased over time in both EHC and PGI horses (P < 0.001). The median percentage change from baseline for these amino acids was: histidine (EHC: 41.5%; PGI: 43.9%), glutamine (EHC: 51.8%; PGI: 35.3%), arginine (EHC: 51.4%; PGI: 41%), glutamic acid (EHC: 52.4%; PGI: 31.7%), threonine (EHC: 62.8%; PGI: 25.2%), alanine (EHC: 48.9%; PGI: 19.5%), proline (EHC: 56.2%; PGI: 30.3%), cystine (EHC: 34.9%; PGI: 31.2%), lysine (EHC: 46.4%; PGI: 27.8%), tyrosine (EHC: 27.5%; PGI: 16.9%), methionine (EHC: 69.3%; PGI: 50.8%), valine (EHC: 50.8%; PGI: 34.4%), isoleucine (EHC: 60.8%; PGI: 38.7%), leucine (EHC: 48.2%; PGI: 36.6%), and phenylalanine (EHC: 16.6%; PGI: 12.1%).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceHypoaminoacidemia develops in EHC and PGI laminitis models. The role of hypoaminoacidemia in the development of hyperinsulinemia‐associated laminitis warrants further investigation.
Student Artifacts as Language Learning Materials: A New Materialist Analysis of South Korean Job Seekers’ Student‐Generated Materials Use
Authors: KIM MISO , CANAGARAJAH SURESH 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSouth Korean job seekers face pressure to produce high scores on standardized English tests, which leads to the prominence of test‐oriented pedagogy. Though recent scholarship illustrates how materials reflect the values of society and how these are negotiated in classrooms it has mainly analyzed preexisting published books, leaving the potential of student‐generated materials (SGMs) underexplored. By using a new materialist perspective (Canagarajah, 2018a; Toohey, 2019), this study (a) investigates how language learning and teaching activities are distributed across SGMs, learners, and classroom resources and (b) what emerges from the intra‐actions of the participants and the resources during and after an 8‐week SGM program. Two participants used business presentation materials, job interview questions, résumés, newspaper articles, and YouTube clips as SGMs. Qualitative thematic analysis of their SGMs, interviews, narratives, field notes, and classroom interaction indicated that the participants’ second‐language (L2) activities with SGMs were distributed across diverse material resources and communication strategies. Their pedagogical outcomes from the SGM‐mediated activities were synergistic, and not reducible to a disembodied cause‐and‐effect analysis. The findings suggest the potential of SGMs for learners to take advantage of distributed L2 repertoires and create new learning opportunities.
Sociomateriality of Semiscripted Pair‐Work Prompts in Beginner‐Level Japanese‐as‐a‐Foreign‐Language Classrooms
Authors: HASEGAWA ATSUSHI 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn order to conceptualize materials used in pair‐work activities from a sociomaterialist perspective, this study examined the moment‐by‐moment unfolding of 67 pair‐work interactions in beginner‐level Japanese‐as‐a‐foreign‐language classrooms. The types of pair‐work materials used in the focal classrooms—either textbook or teacher‐designed activities—were highly controlled with specific sequences of turns that learners were expected to follow. My analysis revealed that each phase of pair work—opening, main, and closing—entailed 2 concurrent layers of orientation to the ongoing event, namely, a ‘pedagogical‐activity layer’ and ‘normative‐interaction layer.’ The pedagogical‐activity layer, in which students followed the prescribed turns, was constructed as private and individualistic, whereas the normative‐interaction layer, in which students used normal interactional procedures, point to its collaborative, contingent, and remedial or corrective nature. The examination of pair‐work cases with these layers helps us better understand the intricacy and subtlety involved in the use of learning materials, as well as the conflicting capabilities of the materials, pointing to a sociomaterial concept of human and nonhuman intra‐action. This article also discusses implications for task design, as well as for the theorization of task in second language acquisition research.
Materials‐in‐Action: Pedagogical Ergonomics of a French‐as‐a‐Foreign‐Language Classroom
Authors: GUERRETTAZ ANNE MARIE 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMaterials use is a critical yet poorly understood dynamic of language classrooms. This study examines ‘materials‐in‐action,’ meaning how materials shape classroom interaction and activity, in a beginning‐level French‐as‐a‐foreign‐language classroom. The conceptual framework, ‘pedagogical ergonomics,’ similarly centers on materials‐in‐action, and more specifically on ‘intra‐action.’ This refers to actions, influences, engagements, and exchanges among (a) materials, and (b) the students and teacher. Polysemiotic analyses and action analyses of classroom activity were triangulated with interviews and focus groups. Findings first expound the pedagogical ergonomics framework as comprising intra‐actions among human and material ‘actants’ that are co‐substantiated with sociocultural and physical space. This involves the concept of ‘classroomscape.’ Then—drawing on pedagogical ergonomics—macro‐level analyses of materials‐in‐action reveal 4 genres of materials use, each of which influenced classroom activity and interaction differently. Additionally, micro‐level analysis reveals 3 polysemiotic patterns of materials‐in‐action: (a) cloze worksheet prompts that ‘mapped’ onto the students, (b) learners’ ‘snowball languaging’ in French—involving extended meaning‐focused descriptions of images—and (c) a physically dynamic information gap where students unexpectedly avoided using French. Additionally, this article hones the definition of ‘materials use,’ substantively focusing on activity and interaction. Theory and practice converge in pedagogical ergonomics, with implications for both.