bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new approach to semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering with QED and QCD factorization
Authors: Liu Tianbo , Melnitchouk W. , Qiu Jian-Wei , Sato N. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We present the details of a new factorized approach to semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering which treats QED and QCD radiation on equal footing, and provides a systematically improvable approximation to the extraction of transverse momentum dependent parton distributions. We demonstrate how the QED contributions can be well approximated by collinear factorization, and illustrate the application of the factorized approach to QED radiation in inclusive scattering. For semi-inclusive processes, we show how radiation effects prevent a well-defined “photon-nucleon” frame, forcing one to use a two-step process to account for the radiation. We illustrate the utility of the new method by explicit application to the spin-dependent Sivers and Collins asymmetries.
Neutrino interactions in the late universe
Authors: Green Daniel , Kaplan David E. , Rajendran Surjeet 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe cosmic neutrino background is both a dramatic prediction of the hot Big Bang and a compelling target for current and future observations. The impact of relativistic neutrinos in the early universe has been observed at high significance in a number of cosmological probes. In addition, the non-zero mass of neutrinos alters the growth of structure at late times, and this signature is a target for a number of upcoming surveys. These measurements are sensitive to the physics of the neutrino and could be used to probe physics beyond the standard model in the neutrino sector. We explore an intriguing possibility where light right-handed neutrinos are coupled to all, or a fraction of, the dark matter through a mediator. In a wide range of parameter space, this interaction only becomes important at late times and is uniquely probed by late-time cosmological observables. Due to this coupling, the dark matter and neutrinos behave as a single fluid with a non-trivial sound speed, leading to a suppression of power on small scales. In current and near-term cosmological surveys, this signature is equivalent to an increase in the sum of the neutrino masses. Given current limits, we show that at most 0.5% of the dark matter could be coupled to neutrinos in this way.
AdS bulk locality from sharp CFT bounds
Authors: Caron-Huot Simon , Mazáč Dalimil , Rastelli Leonardo , Simmons-Duffin David 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
It is a long-standing conjecture that any CFT with a large central charge and a large gap ∆gap in the spectrum of higher-spin single-trace operators must be dual to a local effective field theory in AdS. We prove a sharp form of this conjecture by deriving numerical bounds on bulk Wilson coefficients in terms of ∆gap using the conformal bootstrap. Our bounds exhibit the scaling in ∆gap expected from dimensional analysis in the bulk. Our main tools are dispersive sum rules that provide a dictionary between CFT dispersion relations and S-matrix dispersion relations in appropriate limits. This dictionary allows us to apply recently-developed flat-space methods to construct positive CFT functionals. We show how AdS4 naturally resolves the infrared divergences present in 4D flat-space bounds. Our results imply the validity of twice-subtracted dispersion relations for any S-matrix arising from the flat-space limit of AdS/CFT.
Effective gravitational action for 2D massive fermions
Authors: Bilal Adel , de Lacroix Corinne , Erbin Harold 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We work out the effective gravitational action for 2D massive Euclidean fermions in a small mass expansion. Besides the leading Liouville action, the order m2 gravitational action contains a piece characteristic of the Mabuchi action, much as for 2D massive scalars, but also several non-local terms involving the Green’s functions and Green’s functions at coinciding points on the manifold.
Ausbildung in COVID-19-Pandemie-Zeiten: Wie bewerten Medizinstudierende einen interaktiven, videobasierten Distanzunterricht am Patienten im Fach Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde?
Authors: Seiwerth Ingmar , Bartel S. , Herzog M. , Schumann G. , Pein M. K. , Gey A. , Plontke S. K. 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Der Beginn der ersten SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie-Welle im März 2020 erforderte erhebliche Umstellungsmaßnahmen in der medizinischen Lehre mit vollständigem Verzicht auf direkten Kontakt von Studierenden und Patienten. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde das Lehrformat „Unterricht am Patienten“ (UaP) als interaktiver, videobasierter Distanzunterricht am Patienten etabliert und durchgeführt.

Fragestellung
Ziel der Studie war die Erfassung der studentischen Beurteilung dieses Lehrkonzeptes im Fach Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde.

Material und Methoden
Die Live-Übertragung erfolgte aus einem HNO-Untersuchungsraum zu den im Hörsaal befindlichen Studierenden, welche mit den Patienten interagieren konnten. Makro-, mikro- und endoskopische Untersuchungsbefunde wurden in Echtzeit in den Hörsaal übertragen. Die Evaluation erfolgte anhand eines Online-Fragebogens, welcher 13 geschlossene Fragen (Likert-Skala) beinhaltete, sowie als offenes Feedback in freier Textform.

Ergebnisse
Die Rücklaufquote lag bei 16,8 % (42 von 250 Studierenden). Davon hatten 85,7 % einen positiven Gesamteindruck, und Tenor war, dass das Konzept angesichts der Umstände gut umgesetzt wurde. Dennoch könne auf einen direkten Patientenkontakt eher nicht verzichtet werden, auch wenn eine teilweise Kompensation durch Videoschaltung möglich sei. Insgesamt wurde das Lehrkonzept als lehrreich empfunden, und die Studierenden konnten sich vorstellen, zukünftig häufiger auch ein solches UaP-Lehrkonzept zu nutzen.

Schlussfolgerung
Dieses Lehrkonzept kann den direkten Patientenkontakt nicht ersetzen, stellt jedoch speziell im HNO-Gebiet eine gute Alternative dar, wenn durch pandemiebedingte Umstände ein „klassischer“ UaP nicht möglich ist. Aspekte des interaktiven, videobasierten Distanzunterrichts am Patienten könnten auch zukünftig in andere Lehrformate integriert werden.
Finger-jointing of green Eucalyptus globulus L. wood with one-component polyurethane adhesives
Authors: González-Prieto Oscar , Casas Mirás José Manuel , Torres Luis Ortiz 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe use of glued finger joint in green wood, directly from the sawing process, would open the possibility to obtain glued timber from small-sized wood, achieving an efficient use of the original raw material. The gluing of finger-jointed green wood, with moisture content above the fibre saturation point, may improve the efficiency and the manufacturing process of glulam or joinery. This may be especially beneficial for a hardwood such asEucalyptus globulusL., which is a globally important forest resource, but is a challenging wood to dry. This article presents a study on the possibility to develop finger joints with wood in green state. To compare them, conventional finger joints on dry wood and solid boards without end joints were also manufactured. Cold-setting and fast-curing commercial one-component polyurethane adhesive systems were used. Finger-jointed samples were tested to determine mean and characteristic values (5th percentile) of density, bending strength and modulus of elasticity, and the results were analysed and discussed. Green-glued joints showed no statistically significant differences compared to the solid boards and improved strength properties with respect to dry-glued joints.
An adaptive human sensor framework for human–robot collaboration
Authors: Buerkle Achim , Matharu Harveen , Al-Yacoub Ali , Lohse Niels , Bamber Thomas , Ferreira Pedro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractManufacturing challenges are increasing the demands for more agile and dexterous means of production. At the same time, these systems aim to maintain or even increase productivity. The challenges risen from these developments can be tackled through human–robot collaboration (HRC). HRC requires effective task distribution according to each party’s distinctive strengths, which is envisioned to generate synergetic effects. To enable a seamless collaboration, the human and robot require a mutual awareness, which is challenging, due to the human and robot “speaking” different languages as in analogue and digital. This challenge can be addressed by equipping the robot with a model of the human. Despite a range of models being available, data-driven models of the human are still at an early stage. For this purpose, this paper proposes an adaptive human sensor framework, which incorporates objective, subjective, and physiological metrics, as well as associated machine learning. Thus, it is envisioned to adapt to the uniqueness and dynamic nature of human behavior. To test the framework, a validation experiment was performed, including 18 participants, which aims to predict perceived workload during two scenarios, namely a manual and an HRC assembly task. Perceived workloads are described to have a substantial impact on a human operator’s task performance. Throughout the experiment, physiological data from an electroencephalogram (EEG), an electrocardiogram (ECG), and respiration sensor was collected and interpreted. For subjective metrics, the standardized NASA Task Load Index was used. Objective metrics included task completion time and number of errors/assistance requests. Overall, the framework revealed a promising potential towards an adaptive behavior, which is ultimately envisioned to enable a more effective HRC.
Ictal semiology of epileptic seizures with insulo-opercular genesis
Authors: Martinez-Lizana Eva , Brandt Armin , Foit Niels A. , Urbach Horst , Schulze-Bonhage Andreas 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective
Epileptic seizures with insular genesis are often difficult to distinguish from those originating in the temporal lobe due to their complex and variable semiology. Here, we analyzed differentiating characteristics in the clinical spectrum of insulo-opercular seizures.

Methods
Ictal semiology in patients with a diagnosis of insulo-opercular epilepsy (IOE) based on imaging of epileptogenic lesions or electrophysiological evidence of an insulo-opercular seizure origin was retrospectively analyzed and compared to age-matched controls with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTE).

Results
Forty-six IOE and 46 matched MTE patients were included. The most prominent ictal features in IOE were focal motor phenomena in 80.4% of these patients. Somatosensory sensations, version, tonic and clonic features, when present, were more frequent contralateral to the SOZ in MTE patients, while they occurred about equally often ipsilateral and contralateral to the SOZ in IOE patients. Ipsilateral manual automatisms were significantly more frequent in MTE patients than in IOE (p = 0.010). Multivariate analysis correctly identified IOE in 78.3% and MTE in 84.8% using five semiologic features (Chi-square = 53.79 with 5 degrees of freedom, p < 0.0001). A subanalysis comparing patients with purely insular lesions with MTE patients using only the earliest ictal signs showed that somatosensory sensations are significantly more frequent in insular epilepsy (p = 0.010), while automatisms were significantly more frequent in MTE patients (p = 0.06).

Significance
Our study represents the first in-depth analysis of ictal semiology in IOE compared to MTE. Use of these differentiating characteristics can serve for a correct syndrome classification and to steer appropriate diagnostic and local therapeutic procedures.
Risk factors associated with onset of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients treated with denosumab
Authors: Wick Alexander , Bankosegger Philipp , Otto Sven , Hohlweg-Majert Bettina , Steiner Timm , Probst Florian , Ristow Oliver , Pautke Christoph 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objectives
While risk factors of bisphosphonate (BP) associated osteonecrosis of the jaw have been properly analyzed, studies focusing on risk factors associated with denosumab (DNO) are sparse. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors influencing the onset of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in patients receiving antiresorptive treatment (ART) with DNO by comparing patients suffering from MRONJ and patients without MRONJ. Multiple variables were evaluated including the impact of a previous BP intake.

Materials and methods
A retrospective single-center cohort study with patients receiving DNO was conducted. One-hundred twenty-eight patients were included and divided into three groups: I (control, n = 40) receiving DNO with absence of MRONJ; group II (Test 1, n = 46), receiving DNO with presence of MRONJ; and group III (Test 2, n = 42) sequentially receiving BP and DNO with presence of MRONJ. Patients’ medical history, focusing on the identification of MRONJ risk factors, was collected and evaluated. Parameters were sex, age, smoking habit, alcohol consumption, underlying disease (cancer type, osteoporosis), internal diseases, additional chemo/hormonal therapy, oral inflammation, and trauma.

Results
The following risk factors were identified to increase MRONJ onset significantly in patients treated with DNO: chemo/hormonal therapy (p = 0.02), DNO dosage (p < 0.01), breast cancer (p = 0.03), intake of corticosteroids (p = 0.04), hypertension (p = 0.02), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.04), periodontal disease (p = 0.03), apical ostitis (p = 0.02), and denture use (p = 0.02). A medication switch did not affect MRONJ development (p = 0.86).

Conclusions
Malignant diseases, additional chemotherapy, DNO dosage, and oral inflammations as well as diabetes mellitus and hypertension influence MRONJ onset in patients treated with DNO significantly.

Clinical relevance
Patients receiving ART with DNO featuring aforementioned risk factors have a higher risk of MRONJ onset. These patients need a sound and regular prophylaxis in order to prevent the onset of MRONJ under DNO treatment.
Aufbau eines Vorgehensmodells zur Analyse von Haft-Gleit-Übergängen trockenlaufender Friktionspaarungen
Authors: Fehrenbacher Rüdiger , Bause Katharina , Ott Sascha , Albers Albert 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Auslegung des Kraftschlusses und der entsprechenden Haftreibung ist für die Funktionserfüllung trockenlaufender Kupplungen und Bremsen von grundlegender Bedeutung. Bei Systemen, in denen das Drehmoment möglichst ohne Relativbewegung der Reibpartner übertragen wird, ist das statische Reibmoment die maßgebende Auslegungsgröße. Grundlage bildet das Verständnis des Haft-Gleit-Übergangs, wobei dieser im System von vielen, situationsvariablen Größen wie Temperatur, Axialkraft und Drehmomentgradient sowie Eigenschaften wie der Belagart und Reibfläche beeinflusst wird.Den Schwerpunkt der Untersuchungen stellt die Sensitivitätsanalyse oben beschriebener Größen auf Basis von Messungen dar. Um die Einflüsse zu untersuchen, werden statische und quasistatische Versuchsverfahren unter Variation von Beanspruchungskollektiven anhand verschiedener Reibpaarungen unterschiedlicher Zustände analysiert. Hieraus ergeben sich Erkenntnisse hinsichtlich der verfahrensinduzierten sowie der tribosystemischen Einflüsse auf die Haft-Gleit-Übergänge der untersuchten Paarungen, welche für das Losbrechverhalten ausschlaggebend sind. Auf Basis der Untersuchungen werden Sensitivitäten in Bezug auf die Ermittlung des Losbrechens identifiziert und Methoden zur Messung und Auswertung des statischen Reibmoments abgeleitet, die unter den beschriebenen Voraussetzungen in Vorgehensmodelle integriert werden können.
Molecular subtyping of ependymoma and prognostic impact of Ki-67
Authors: Lim Ka Young , Lee Kwanghoon , Shim Yumi , Park Jin Woo , Kim Hyunhee , Kang Jeongwan , Won Jae Kyung , Kim Seung-Ki , Phi Ji Hoon , Park Chul-Kee , Chung Chun-Kee , Yun Hongseok , Park Sung-Hye 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough ependymomas (EPNs) have similar histopathology, they are heterogeneous tumors with diverse immunophenotypes, genetics, epigenetics, and different clinical behavior according to anatomical locations. We reclassified 141 primary EPNs from a single institute with immunohistochemistry (IHC) and next-generation sequencing (NGS). Supratentorial (ST), posterior fossa (PF), and spinal (SP) EPNs comprised 12%, 41%, and 47% of our cohort, respectively. Fusion genes were found only in ST-EPNs except for one SP-EPN withZFTA-YAP1fusion, NF2 gene alterations were found in SP-EPNs, but no driver gene was present in PF-EPNs. Surrogate IHC markers revealed high concordance rates between L1CAM andZFTA-fusion and H3K27me3 loss or EZHIP overexpression was used for PFA-EPNs. The 7% cut-off of Ki-67 was sufficient to classify EPNs into two-tiered grades at all anatomical locations. Multivariate analysis also delineated that a Ki-67 index was the only independent prognostic factor in both overall and progression-free survivals. The gain of chromosome 1q and CDKN2A/2B deletion were associated with poor outcomes, such as multiple recurrences or extracranial metastases. In this study, we propose a cost-effective schematic diagnostic flow of EPNs by the anatomical location, three biomarkers (L1CAM, H3K27me3, and EZHIP), and a cut-off of a 7% Ki-67 labeling index.
Does quantity matter to a stingless bee?
Authors: Eckert Johanna , Bohn Manuel , Spaethe Johannes 
Published: November 2021

AbstractQuantitative information is omnipresent in the world and a wide range of species has been shown to use quantities to optimize their decisions. While most studies have focused on vertebrates, a growing body of research demonstrates that also insects such as honeybees possess basic quantitative abilities that might aid them in finding profitable flower patches. However, it remains unclear if for insects, quantity is a salient feature relative to other stimulus dimensions, or if it is only used as a “last resort” strategy in case other stimulus dimensions are inconclusive. Here, we tested the stingless bee Trigona fuscipennis, a species representative of a vastly understudied group of tropical pollinators, in a quantity discrimination task. In four experiments, we trained wild, free-flying bees on stimuli that depicted either one or four elements. Subsequently, bees were confronted with a choice between stimuli that matched the training stimulus either in terms of quantity or another stimulus dimension. We found that bees were able to discriminate between the two quantities, but performance differed depending on which quantity was rewarded. Furthermore, quantity was more salient than was shape. However, quantity did not measurably influence the bees' decisions when contrasted with color or surface area. Our results demonstrate that just as honeybees, small-brained stingless bees also possess basic quantitative abilities. Moreover, invertebrate pollinators seem to utilize quantity not only as "last resort" but as a salient stimulus dimension. Our study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on quantitative cognition in invertebrate species and adds to our understanding of the evolution of numerical cognition.
Mesh-related complications and recurrence after ventral mesh rectopexy with synthetic versus biologic mesh: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: van der Schans E. M. , Boom M. A. , El Moumni M. , Verheijen P. M. , Broeders I. A. M. J. , Consten E. C. J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Ventral mesh rectopexy (VMR) is a widely accepted surgical treatment for rectal prolapse. Both synthetic and biologic mesh are used. No consensus exists on the preferred type of mesh material. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to establish an overview of the current literature on mesh-related complications and recurrence after VMR with synthetic or biologic mesh to aid evidence-based decision making in preferred mesh material.

Methods
A systematic search of the electronic databases of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane was performed (from inception until September 2020). Studies evaluating patients who underwent VMR with synthetic or biologic mesh were eligible. The MINORS score was used for quality assessment.

Results
Thirty-two studies were eligible after qualitative assessment. Eleven studies reported on mesh-related complications including 4001 patients treated with synthetic mesh and 762 treated with biologic mesh. The incidence of mesh-related complications ranged between 0 and 2.4% after synthetic versus 0–0.7% after biologic VMR. Synthetic mesh studies showed a pooled incidence of mesh-related complications of 1.0% (95% CI 0.5–1.7). Data of biologic mesh studies could not be pooled. Twenty-nine studies reported on the risk of recurrence in 2371 synthetic mesh patients and 602 biologic mesh patients. The risk of recurrence varied between 1.1 and 18.8% for synthetic VMR versus 0–15.4% for biologic VMR. Cumulative incidence of recurrence was found to be 6.1% (95% CI 4.3–8.1) and 5.8% (95% CI 2.9–9.6), respectively. The clinical and statistical heterogeneity was high.

Conclusions
No definitive conclusions on preferred mesh type can be made due to the quality of the included studies with high heterogeneity amongst them.
Effectiveness of health-oriented leadership interventions for improving health and wellbeing of employees: a systematic review
Authors: Dannheim Indra , Ludwig-Walz Helena , Buyken Anette E. , Grimm Valerie , Kroke Anja 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aim
To identify and summarize the evidence for the effect of health-oriented leadership interventions on health and well-being outcomes at the employee level following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement (Moher et al. 2009).

Subject and Methods
A systematic search of relevant studies was conducted in multiple databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cluster-randomized controlled trials (cRCTs) and controlled before–after studies (CBAs) were included based on the following criteria: interventions that addressed supervisors, to raise awareness for the importance of health issues, teach mindfulness practices for conscious awareness, reduce stress and promote resources at the level of individual behavior, and evaluated the effect on at least one outcome of psychomental stress, absenteeism and well-being on the employee level.

Results
Of 6126 publications retrieved, ten studies were identified for analysis. Significant effects of leadership training were reported on exhaustion tendency, self-reported sickness absence, work-related sickness absence and job satisfaction in studies comparing health-oriented training programs to no intervention. Studies comparing health-oriented leadership training to other training did not report significant effects. Risk of bias was judged to be high in seven studies and unclear in three studies.

Conclusion
Evidence for the effectiveness of health-oriented leadership interventions on employees’ stress, absenteeism or well-being is judged to be low, clearly indicating the need for more and higher-quality research.