bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyses of free amino acid and taste sensor traits in egg albumen and yolk revealed potential of value‐added eggs in chickens
Authors: Goto Tatsuhiko , Shimamoto Saki , Ohtsuka Akira , Ijiri Daichi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo create high‐quality eggs by using different breed and feed materials, we investigated free amino acid contents and taste sensor traits using two chicken breeds (Rhode Island Red; RIR and Australorp; AUS) fed two feeds (mixed and fermented feeds). Two‐way ANOVA revealed significant breed and feed main and interaction effects on albumen bitterness and a significant interaction effect on yolk bitterness. Albumen from RIR fed mixed feed and AUS fed fermented feed was higher bitterness, whereas yolk from those groups was lower bitterness. Significant breed effects were detected in four albumen amino acid traits (His, Met, Ile, and Lys) and a yolk His, whereas significant feed effects were found in 15 albumen amino acid traits (Asp, Glu, Ser, His, Gly, Thr, Ala, Tyr, Val, Met, Trp, Ile, Leu, Lys, and Pro) and a yolk cystine trait. Compared to albumen amino acids, yolk amino acids had limited effects by breed and feed. The present results suggest that genetic and nutritional factors can alter not only amino acid contents but also sensor values of bitterness, indicating that selecting the combination of breed and feed enable us to make amino acids enriched and taste added designer eggs in future.
Neoliberalism can reduce well‐being by promoting a sense of social disconnection, competition, and loneliness
Authors: Becker Julia C. , Hartwich Lea , Haslam S. Alexander 
Published: January 2021

Neoliberalism has become the dominant ideology in many parts of the world. Yet there is little empirical research on its psychological impact. On the basis of a social identity approach to health, we hypothesize that, by increasing competition and by reducing people’s sense of connection to others, neoliberalism can increase loneliness and compromise our well‐being. Study 1 (N = 246) shows that the more neoliberal people perceive society to be, the worse their well‐being, and that this relationship is mediated via loneliness. In two experiments, we showed that exposure to neoliberal ideology increases loneliness (Study 2,N = 204) and, through this, decreases well‐being (Study 3,N = 173). In Study 4 (N = 303), we found that exposure to neoliberal ideology increased loneliness and decreased well‐being by reducing people’s sense of connection to others and by increasing perceptions of being in competition with others. In Study 4, the effect of neoliberalism on well‐being was evident for liberals only. We discuss the potential impact of neoliberalism on different social groups in society.
Visual Attention Preference for Intermediate Predictability in Young Children
Authors: Cubit Laura S. , Canale Rebecca , Handsman Rebecca , Kidd Celeste , Bennetto Loisa 
Published: January 2021

How do children allocate their attention? There is too much information in the world to encode it all, so children must pick and choose. How do they organize their sampling to make the most of the learning opportunities that surround them? Previous work shows infants actively seek intermediately predictable information. Here we employ eye‐tracking and computational modeling to examine the impact of stimulus predictability across early childhood (ages 3–6 years, n = 72, predominantly Non‐Hispanic White, middle‐ to upper‐middle‐income), by chronological age and cognitive ability. Results indicated that children prefer attending to stimuli of intermediate predictability, with no differences in this pattern based on age or cognitive ability. The consistency may suggest a robust general information‐processing mechanism that operates across the lifespan.
The benefits of the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology System for reporting pancreatobiliary cytology: A 2‐year review from a single academic institution
Authors: Ozretić Luka , Simonović Alexandra V. , Rathbone Michael L. , Young Martin P.A. , Perez‐Machado Miguel A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveEndoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) is an essential tool in the diagnosis of pancreatic lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of cytology from EUS‐FNA, to correlate the results with the corresponding histopathological diagnoses and to analyse the impact of retrospective assignment of the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology (PSC) reporting system categories.MethodsAll pancreatic FNA specimens reported at the Royal Free Hospital during a 2‐year period were retrospectively collected and assigned to the PSC system categories. Any available corresponding histological samples were assessed for concordance.ResultsIn total, 236 cytology specimens from 223 patients were identified, of which 108 (45.8%) had corresponding histology samples. The main reason for cyto‐histological discrepancy was sampling error. Interpretive error was identified in one case. Overall, sensitivity was 92.5%, specificity was 100%, diagnostic accuracy of cytology was 95%, false‐positive rate was 0% and false‐negative rate was 7.5%. The implementation of the new reporting system reduced the number of cases in the atypical category. All cases previously categorised as suspicious or malignant remained in the same category.ConclusionsEUS‐FNA is an accurate method for evaluating pancreatobiliary lesions. The implementation of the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology diagnostic system enhances standardisation of the reporting terminology and reduces the number of samples in the non‐standardised and equivocal atypical category.
Are insect GPCRs ideal next‐generation pesticides: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Birgül Iyison Necla , Shahraki Aida , Kahveci Kübra , Düzgün Mustafa Barbaros , Gün Gökhan 
Published: January 2021

The increasing human population, combined with low inefficiency and adverse effects of available pesticides, has magnified the urgent need of developing next‐generation pesticides. Among the available approaches, strategies targeting invertebrate G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are very promising as these receptors are the targets of endogenous neuropeptides/neuromodulators that upon binding to their receptors induce profound changes in insect physiology. Therefore, exploring GPCR regulators has great potential in the development of targeted next‐generation pesticides. Despite the great potential of such alternative pesticides, so far there has been only one approved compound, Amitraz, which conveys its anti‐pest activity via the GPCR Octopamine receptor. Here, we review the current status of pesticide development, hazards associated with conventional pesticide compounds, alternative strategies that involve next‐generation of pesticides, structural features of GPCRs, and opportunities and challenges of targeting the members of this superfamily in invertebrates to develop anti‐pest agents. In conclusion, we emphasize that the potential of GPCRs cannot be utilized in full without more genomic and transcriptomic data to improve our understanding of the complex network of peptidergic signaling pathways. We argue how vital it is to obtain three‐dimensional (3D) structural data on physiologically important target GPCRs and encourage the readers to use the state of the art in silico methods such as virtual screening for the discovery of new pesticide compounds.
On‐the‐job training: a skill match approach to the determinants of lifelong learning
Authors: Korpi Tomas , Tåhlin Michael 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA recurrent finding in on‐the‐job training research is the ‘training gap’ in formal training: the positive correlation between initial education and continuing training. This finding is here examined from the perspective of two important distinctions: (i) between employee skill supply and job skill demand and (ii) between formal and informal training. Less‐educated workers may hold jobs with low skill requirements demanding little further formal training because the use of high skills is irrelevant, jobs that moreover provide little informal training. Exploring these issues on representative Swedish survey data using the educational mismatch (overqualified, the rightly qualified and the underqualified) model, we find that job requirements are strongly correlated with the incidence of both formal and informal training. Rather than, as has previously been argued, employee training decisions being the cause of the gap, this suggests that employer decisions regarding how to structure jobs and whom to hire are the primary factors behind the training gap.
Assessment of preferred methods to measure insulin resistance in Asian patients with hypertension
Authors: Minh Huynh Van , Tien Hoang Anh , Sinh Cao Thuc , Thang Doan Chi , Chen Chen‐Huan , Tay Jam Chin , Siddique Saulat , Wang Tzung‐Dau , Sogunuru Guru Prasad , Chia Yook‐Chin , Kario Kazuomi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInsulin resistance (IR), a metabolic risk factor, is linked to the pathogenetic mechanism of primary hypertension. Detecting IR in the patients with hypertension will help to predict and stratify the added cardiovascular risk, institute appropriate IR management, and manage hypertension optimally. There are many methods for assessing IR, each with distinct advantages and disadvantages. The euglycemic insulin clamp and intravenous glucose tolerance test, gold standards for measuring IR, are used in research but not in clinical practice. Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA‐IR), a method for assessing β‐cell function and IR, is frequently applied presently, particularly in Asia. Besides, the triglyceride–glucose index (TyG) first published by South American authors showed a good correlation with the insulin clamp technique and HOMA‐IR index. This simple, convenient, and low‐cost TyG index is of research interest in many countries in Asia and can be used to screen for IR in the Asian hypertensive community.
A new species of the genus Cirrhimuraena (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) from the Bay of Bengal, India
Authors: Mohapatra Anil , Mohanty Swarup Ranjan , Ray Dipanjan , Mishra Subhrendu Sekhar , Seth Jaya Kishor 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA new species of the genus Cirrhimuraena (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae), Cirrhimuraena indica sp. nov., is described based on eight specimens collected from the Paradip (Odisha) and Petuaghat harbours (West Bengal) along the Bay of Bengal. The species is distinct in having the upper jaw fringed with 16–17 cirri before posterior nostril and 4–5 in between the anterior and posterior nostrils on the side; dorsal fin originates above the level of gill opening, predorsal length is 9.3–10.9 in total length; the head is relatively large, the length is 9.3–9.8 in total length; no infraorbital pores are observed between the nostrils; teeth are numerous, small, conical and in bands on each jaw; pores are present before the gill opening 10–11 and before anus 47–48; pectoral‐fin length is 2.4–2.8 in head length; predorsal vertebrae are 8–10, pre‐anal vertebrae 43–47 and total vertebrae 164–169. In the maximum likelihood tree analysis for COI gene, the new species belongs to the same clade as the other congener of Cirrhimuraena chinensis and is separated from the species morphologically and genetically.
Effect of the novel dual orexin receptor antagonist daridorexant on night‐time respiratory function and sleep in patients with moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Boof Marie‐Laure , Dingemanse Jasper , Brunke Mareile , Esselmann Albert , Heymer Peter , Kestermann Olaf , Lederer Katharina , Fietze Ingo , Ufer Mike 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), sleep is often fragmented while, conversely, the use of sleep medications is of concern in these patients due to potential impairment of nocturnal breathing. This randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, two‐period crossover study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the new dual orexin receptor antagonist daridorexant on night‐time respiratory function and sleep in patients with moderate COPD. In each period, the highest Phase‐III dose of 50 mg daridorexant or placebo was administered once daily in the evening for 5 consecutive days. The primary endpoint was peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) during total sleep time (TST) after last dosing. Night‐time respiratory function and sleep were further evaluated based on the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), sleep duration, and objective sleep parameters. Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability were also assessed. Primary endpoint analysis revealed no significant mean treatment difference (i.e. daridorexant – placebo) for SpO2 during TST as it was 0.18% (90% confidence interval: −0.21 to 0.57). There was also no difference from placebo for SpO2 during non‐rapid eye movement (REM) and REM sleep at Night 5 and after first dosing. The AHI was slightly increased compared to placebo, but not to a clinically meaningful extent. In addition, daridorexant improved objective sleep parameters (i.e. prolonged TST, increased sleep efficiency, and decreased wake after sleep onset), reached expected plasma concentrations, and was safe and well tolerated. In conclusion, single and multiple doses of 50 mg daridorexant do not impair night‐time respiratory function and improves sleep in patients with moderate COPD.
Epidemiology of aspergillosis in hospitalised Spanish patients—A 21‐year retrospective study
Authors: González‐Garcia Pablo , Alonso‐Sardón Montserrat , López‐Bernus Amparo , Carbonell Cristina , Romero‐Alegría Ángela , Muro Antonio , Galindo‐Pérez Inmaculada , Muñoz‐Bellido Juan Luis , Pardo‐Lledias Javier , Belhassen‐García Moncef 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundAspergillosis is a serious infection, and in Spain, the influence of epidemiology and climate on the resulting expenses of aspergillosis is not well established.AimA retrospective descriptive study using the Minimum Basic Data Set was performed on records of patients admitted to hospitals of the National Health System between 1997 and 2017 with a diagnosis of aspergillosis. The weather parameters were obtained from the State Agency of Meteorology from Spain.ResultsA total of 32,960 patients were identified, of whom 22,383 were men (68%). The mean age (±SD) was 61.1 ± 19.1 years. The mean incidence rate for all diagnoses was 3.54 cases per 100,000 person‐years (95% CI, 3.50–3.57). The incidence rate in men was twice as high as that in women, 4.89 (95% CI, 4.82–4.95) vs. 2.24 (95% CI, 2.19–2.27) cases per 100,000 person‐years (p > .001). The highest incidence rates were concentrated in northern Spain. One in four patients died (8,080 cases; 25%). There was a moderate positive linear association between rainfall and incidence rate (rP = .508; p = .026). In contrast, the Pearson's correlation coefficient indicated a moderate negative linear relationship between temperature and incidence rate (rP = −.447; p = .050). We observed a higher incidence in the months with higher humidity and rainfall.ConclusionsOur study supports a high burden of aspergillosis in Spain, with an increase in cases in the past two decades. Additionally, the influence of climatological factors on the incidence of aspergillosis is highlighted. Despite preemptive treatment strategies, this infection still has a high mortality.
Prognostic approach to Class III malocclusion through case‐based reasoning
Authors: Auconi Pietro , Ottaviani Ennio , Barelli Enrico , Giuntini Veronica , McNamara James A. , Franchi Lorenzo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis investigation evaluates the evidence of case‐based reasoning (CBR) in providing additional information on the prediction of future Class III craniofacial growth.Settings and sample populationThe craniofacial characteristics of 104 untreated Class III subjects (7‐17 years of age), monitored with two lateral cephalograms obtained during the growth process, were evaluated.Materials and methodsData were compared with the skeletal characteristics of subjects who showed a high degree of skeletal imbalance (‘prototypes’) obtained from a large data set of 1263 Class III cross‐sectional subjects (7‐17 years of age).ResultsThe degree of similarity of longitudinal subjects with the most unbalanced prototypes allowed the identification of subjects who would develop a subsequent unfavourable skeletal growth (accuracy: 81%). The angle between the palatal plane and the sella‐nasion line (PP‐SN angle) and the Wits appraisal were two additional craniofacial features involved in the early prediction of the adverse progression of the Class III skeletal imbalance.ConclusionsCase‐based reasoning methodology, which uses a personalized inference method, may bring additional information to approximate the skeletal progression of Class III malocclusion.
Rapid Development of a Decision Support System to Alleviate Food Insecurity at the Los Angeles Regional Food Bank amid the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Blackmon Lester , Chan Ross , Carbral Omar , Chintapally Geeta , Dhara Sandip , Felix Peter , Jagdish Aditi , Konakalla Srini , Labana Jasbir , McIlvain Jeff , Stone Jason , Tang Christopher S. , Torres Jason , Wu Weldon 
Published: January 2021

To address the food assistance crisis during the Covid pandemic, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) launched a multi‐billion dollar “Farmers to Families Food Box program” (Box program) by working with approved suppliers (or distributors) to purchase fresh produce, dairy, and meat directly from farmers and package them into boxes. Recognizing that food banks did not have spare capacity to support the Box program, how should these food boxes be distributed to people who are in need? The USDA developed a novel solution by asking: (a) suppliers to distribute food boxes directly to agencies (shelters, food pantries, and soup kitchens); and (b) food banks to serve as “virtual intermediaries” to coordinate supply and demand between suppliers and agencies. However, as food banks were overwhelmed with their regular operations for distributing donated food during the pandemic, the Los Angeles Regional Food Bank (LARFB) found it difficult to develop and deploy a Decision Support System (DSS) to support the Box program with limited manpower and expertise. In this study, we describe a DSS co‐developed by LARFB, Salesforce, and UCLA. Unlike other DSSs developed in normal circumstances, the development and deployment of the DSS were conducted virtually within 45 days. Without this DSS, it would have been impossible for LARFB to support the Box program. Because this DSS was developed in a record time, we discuss several limitations and suggest future research opportunities for managing food bank operations during a pandemic.
Evaluating social policies: Do methodological approaches determine the policy impact?
Authors: Høydal Øyunn Syrstad , Tøge Anne Grete 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOver the last decades, evidence‐based public policy has emerged as a concept and field of research, presenting methodological approaches from the natural sciences as the ideal. However, empirical and interdisciplinary research on the relationship between methodological approaches and policy impact remains scarce. The aim is to investigate whether the impact of evaluations on development of new ideas and policies depends on methodological approaches. Data are drawn from a survey among policy‐makers (n = 222) in six Norwegian agencies. Applying linear regression models, we analyse whether ‘evaluations provide new ideas and perspectives’ and if ‘evaluations play a major role as a foundation for policy‐making’, and if these aspects depend on the reason for conducting the evaluation and the type of data collection. The civil servants report strong belief in evaluations' impact on policy and development of new ideas; however, this is more or less independent of type of methodological approaches. Exceptions are evaluation using observational data, interviews, or case studies and evaluations conducted with the intention of obtaining new knowledge. The article brings new empirical knowledge regarding the way different methodological approaches contribute to the usefulness of evaluations. Supporting the criticism of a rigid understanding of the meaning of evidence.
The effect of topical lidocaine on intradermal testing in atopic dogs
Authors: Tomich Lara M. , Keating Stephanie C.J. , Allender Matthew C. , Pieper Jason B. 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundIntradermal testing (IDT) most often requires sedation. Topical lidocaine offers an adjunct or alternative to sedation.Hypothesis/ObjectivesWe hypothesized that topical lidocaine would significantly reduce reactions to intradermal injections and that atopic dogs treated with topical lidocaine would have similar results with IDT to atopic dogs tested without topical lidocaine.AnimalsFifteen client‐owned atopic dogs.MethodsIn Part I, a 5% lidocaine patch, 5% lidocaine cream and a control with no active ingredients were compared. The lowest pain score during intradermal injection was established in six atopic dogs. Fifteen atopic dogs were enrolled in Part II, and lidocaine cream (found to be most effective in Part 1) was applied randomly to a single side of the thorax. An IDT was performed on each side of the chest. Subjective and objective scores of the control and lidocaine treatment sides were compared 15 and 30 min post‐injection.ResultsThe 5% lidocaine cream had the greatest reduction in pain score associated with intradermal injection. There were no significant differences in mean wheal diameter for any evaluated allergen at any time point between the control and lidocaine‐treated sides. There was high agreement between the two groups when assessing the subjective score for all but one allergen.Conclusions and clinical importanceTopical lidocaine may be used as adjunctive analgesia during IDT with caution in interpretation of subjective house dust scoring. Lidocaine cream appeared to reduce pain score and may allow reduction in concurrent sedation.
A Double-Walled Assistive Holder Used in Peritoneal Dialysis Connection
Authors: Lin I-En , Chiang Hao-Ting 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
When compared with conventional kidney hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis (PD) has advantages such as maintaining stable physiological blood status and blood pressure, alleviating anemia, and improving mobility, which make it an ideal method for at-home (even on the road) dialysis treatment. However, a serious drawback of PD is the potential for infection of the abdominal lining (peritonitis), which can discourage people from using PD. Since PD can involve up to 4–5 fluid exchanges per day that require connection and disconnection of a tube to a catheter, there can be a substantial risk of infection. This infection risk creates a barrier to the use of PD and prevents people from enjoying the benefits of convenience and portability that PD can provide. This study proposes an assistive holder for PD patients that helps reduce the possibility of contamination during connection and disconnection of dialysis solution exchange bags. This PD assistive holder is low-cost, lightweight, and disposable. The holder is compatible with existing PD procedures and it can be used by touch only, for people with impaired vision. The PD assistive holder enables patients to care for themselves at home and improves the functionality and portability of standard PD systems.