bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Integrated Reservoir Predicting Approach with Geological Constraints from Stratigraphic Forward Modeling of the Miocene Fan Delta in Albert Basin, Uganda
Authors: Xu Wei , Fang Lei , Zou Jingyun , Guo Fuxin , Zhang Yingchun , Chen Kaiyuan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Reservoir prediction is a core area of research in oilfield exploration and development, and it is generally constructed on a combination of well data, seismic attributes or inversion. However, reservoir prediction in sparse well areas poses great challenges due to insufficient well control. If the quality of seismic data is poor, the spatial distribution characteristics of reservoirs cannot be effectively characterized through inversion or attribute analysis, which seriously affects the prediction accuracy. This paper proposes a new method to solve the difficulty in reservoir prediction of oilfields with sparse data and poor quality seismic cube, which evolves from depositional models, forward stratigraphic modeling (FSM) to geocellular modeling. First, based on the comprehensive analysis of core, seismic, grain size, heavy minerals, dip data, it is believed that a special fan delta developed in the Miocene strata in the south of Albert Basin. The reservoirs are dominated by distributary channels, which are in medium-coarse grains, and the provenance is from the southwest to flowing to the northeast. The formation thickness of the stratum decreases from the boundary fault to the direction of the basin. Then, the input parameters of FSM modeling are quantitatively expressed based on the sedimentary model research, including model boundary conditions, basic input information, sediment supply and transportation. FSM results were used to quantitatively characterize the deposition process. The FSM simulation results are compared with the depositional model and well data to verify the reliability. Finally, the shale content model in FSM results is resampled to the geocellular grids and used as the constraint for facies model and property model in geological modeling. This model is used for well pattern design and optimization. This new approach integrates the conceptual depositional model with quantitative FSM results. It improves the accuracy of reservoir prediction and provides a new technical workflow for reservoir characterization. Furthermore, it helps to obtain more insight into the sedimentary process and reduces the risk of oilfield exploration and development.
Modeling Condensate Banking Mitigation by Enhanced Gas Recovery Methods
Authors: Mohsin Adel , Abd Abdul Salam , Abushaikha Ahmad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Condensate banking in natural gas reservoirs can hinder the productivity of production wells dramatically due to the multiphase flow behaviour around the wellbore. This phenomenon takes place when the reservoir pressure drops below the dew point pressure. In this work, we model this occurrence and investigate how the injection of CO2 can enhance the well productivity using novel discretization and linearization schemes such as mimetic finite difference and operator-based linearization from an in-house built compositional reservoir simulator. The injection of CO2 as an enhanced recovery technique is chosen to assess its value as a potential remedy to reduce carbon emissions associated with natural gas production. First, we model a base case with a single producer where we show the deposition of condensate banking around the well and the decline of pressure and production with time. In another case, we inject CO2 into the reservoir as an enhanced gas recovery mechanism. In both cases, we use fully tensor permeability and unstructured tetrahedral grids using mimetic finite difference (MFD) method. The results of the simulation show that the gas and condensate production rates drop after a certain production plateau, specifically the drop in the condensate rate by up to 46%. The introduction of a CO2 injector yields a positive impact on the productivity and pressure decline of the well, delaying the plateau by up to 1.5 years. It also improves the productivity index by above 35% on both the gas and condensate performance, thus reducing production rate loss on both gas and condensate by over 8% and the pressure, while in terms of pressure and drawdown, an improvement of 2.9 to 19.6% is observed per year.
Gas Migration Mechanisms and Their Effects on Caprock Seal Capacity: A Case Study in Depleted Gas Fields in the Sarawak Basin, Offshore Malaysia
Authors: Widyanita Ana , Cai Zhong , Mat M Noor , Ali Siti Syareena , Hamid Mohd Khaidhir , Jones Ernest A 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper focuses on the gas characteristics in caprock interval and the gas migration mechanisms from the carbonate reservoir into the caprock and its effects on caprock seal capacity. The workflow mainly includes three methods:(1) Gas geochemistry analysis from the GWD (Gas While Drilling) data to understand the gas composition, their distribution and mechanism for gas migration; (2) Petrophysical analysis to understand the rock types, petrophysical properties and the pore-throat system; and (3) Pore pressure prediction to understand the pressure sealing capacity of the caprock. Integrating the results from these three aspects, the sealing capacity can be evaluated by capillary pressure sealing, pore pressure sealing and the effects on the sealing efficiency for CO2.There are two gas migration mechanisms in the area: gas diffusion and gas advection. The gas in the caprock of Field A shows decreasing molecular weight trend from deep to shallow depths implying migration from the underlying carbonate reservoir by gas diffusion. However, the gas in the caprock of Field B where there is a gas chimney visible in the seismic data, has composition similar to the gas in carbonate reservoir, suggesting that the gas came from carbonate reservoir below by gas advection through faults and induced fractures and occurred simultaneously with the gas accumulation in the reservoir. There is also gas in the caprock above the gas chimney with lighter molecular weight representing gas that migrated from the gas chimney by gas diffusion.The caprock seal capability in the two fields are different. The gas in the carbonate reservoir in Field A can be sealed and trapped by the high displacement/entry pressure of the capillary pore-throat system and the abnormally high pore pressure in the caprock. The gas chimney at Field B would be connected to the carbonate reservoir below over geological time and there is effective seal enough to contain hundreds ft of gas column in the carbonate reservoir.The understanding of the leaking mechanism in these two fields is helpful for understanding the leakage scale, the effects on the sealing capacity, the risk evaluation and mitigation amendment.
Design and Implementation of a Water-Based Micronized Weighting Agent Fluid System for Deepwater Drill Stem Testing Operation in Environmentally Restricted Location
Authors: Motta Marcelo Dourado , Loureiro Sebastião de Andrade 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The use of micronized weighting agents, in multiple operations, have become more commonplace over the years, with current applications now going far beyond their targeted original purpose of reducing pressure losses in extended reach wells. This specific case reports the development of a fit for purpose system engineered to tackle multiple challenges such as: limitation in using heavy density brines composed of bromides in an offshore environment; hydrate suppression under Drill Stem Test (DST) conditions; weighting agent sagging control; plugging of downhole tools due to heavy solids loading; proper pressure transmission for downhole tools activation; and formation damage prevention.
The operation involved the following steps: 1 - development of a Water-based Micronized Weighting Agent Fluid System (WBMWAFS), laboratory testing, simulation evaluation and testing validation for all target properties; 2 - development of an appropriate DST approach with the usage of a designed set of explosives to minimize formation damage and the interaction of the DST fluid with such cargos; and 3 - the evaluation of the overall system performance in order to validate the integrated approach used to design such solution.
The DST results indicated that the WBMWAFS is capable of delivering all the technical requirements for a trouble-free operation, with no significant register of weighting agent sag, hydrates or with any variation in fluid properties, whilst enabling a DST operation that demonstrated a negative skin damage during the clean-up period and no damage associated with the WBMWAFS. The WBMWAFS performance opens the possibility of the application of this type of fluid as a replacement for high-density clear brines in many challenging environments.
One Trip 7" Multi Zone Gravel Pack System: Success Case and Learning Points from the First Installation in Malaysia
Authors: Nordin M. Helmi , Jamal Ajmal Faliq , Hairi M. Helmie , Magna Bela Sunanda 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Main reservoirs in this brown field are designed with Cased Hole Gravel Pack (CHGP), which is a proven sand control technique in the area. Most multi-stack reservoirs in these wells require individual sand control treatment on each zone as the formation properties varies from one to another. One of the most recent success case was the installation of One Trip 7" Multi Zone System that enabled implementation of an optimized High Rate Water Pack sand control operation in the casing size. This new technique helps to make more multi zone CHGP in infill or sidetracked wells feasible and more economical.
Previously, CHGP design in 7" casing was limited to stack pack design which means the steps of sump packer installation, perforation, deburr run, GP assembly installation and GP pumping have to be repeated for every zone. The repeated process was laborious and incurred a lot of cost due to the extensive rig time. With the new 7" one-trip design that evolved from the existing 9-5/8" system, the multiple zone GP treatment can be done in single trip and contributes to significantly reduced well cost. One of the design consideration that need to be focused on is selection of carrier fluid to ensure optimum carrying capability during proppant placement while reducing the pumping friction through the one trip system.
Full coverage of screens and blanks was achieved for both zones that were completed with the One Trip 7" Multi Zone completion. Both zones were treated with hybrid pack that is combination of circulating and HRWP. The primary objectives on optimizing rig time were achieved in eliminating multiple runs for different zones, as well as reducing risks of multiple disengagement with lower assembly that adds difficulty during reverse-out operation.
One of the key limitations of this system is the high friction pressure when pumping through long concentric wash pipes and this can affect the effectiveness during proppant reverse out, especially considering the burst rating of the casing as well. Due to this known restriction, cement have been designed and tested up to the anticipated annular pressure during reversing out operation. Another design factor that could also pose a challenge during operation is the limit of sand concentration that is 1 ppa and this again is due to concentric wash pipe design.
Effectiveness of Dynamic Response Spectroscopy and Microwave Inspection Technology for Substrate Pipe and Composite Wraps
Authors: Ahmed Rehan , Mohd Ramli Siti Haslina , A. Aziz Fadhlan B. , Arifin Rosman 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses in depth the technical differentiations of the Direct Response Spectroscopy (DRS) and Microwave (MW) system along with its capabilities of inspecting through various hard to inspect coatings and wraps, making the DRS and MW combo an ideal inspection technique. As with every technology, the limitations of the DRS and MW systems will also be covered to give an unbiased view in the technology selection. This paper will also course through the successful trial at one of PETRONAS operating onshore plants with the detailed result presentation concluding with the efficiency and cost effectiveness of employing the DRS and MW for inspection of composite wraps.
The DRS and MW systems, both proprietary technologies developed by Sonomatic, are used in combination to assess the integrity of pipes and pipelines under composite overwrap repairs. These Non-Destructive Testing technique. are robust, reliable and possess the ability to inspect composite overwrap repairs and the piping substrate while online.
The DRS is essentially an ultrasonic corrosion mapping technique that Measures steel WT with ±0.5 mm accuracy and identifies flaws in composite materials. It is engineered to excite the steel with low ultrasonic frequencies where conventional high frequency ultrasound could not penetrate. The MW measures depth of flaws in the wrapping materials identified by DRS inspection. It operates on very low power and is excellent on the inspection of non-conductive material.
Mechanism and Prevention Method of Producing Hydrogen Sulfide in High Temperature Hydraulic Fracturing Well
Authors: Yuan Zebo , Wang Xiaoqiang , Zhou Lizhi , Liu Huifeng , Li Xu , Jin Yu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
For a successful hydraulic fracturing operation, shear recovery and thermal stability are critical in terms of successful fracture creation and proppant placement. Sodium thiosulfate is one of the most commonly used gel stabilizers in fracturing gel. This paper reported a well in sulfur-free gas reservoir produced hydrogen sulfide as much as 20000ppm after hydraulic fracturing operation.
A series of experiments were carried out to reveal the mechanism of hydrogen sulfide production. Results showed that in solution with PH less than 6.5, when the temperature is higher than 119 degrees Celsius, sodium thiosulfate will react with hydrogen ions to generate hydrogen sulfide. In this complex reaction, there is also precipitation of elemental sulfur, which may block the pores of the reservoir and thence counteract the effect of hydraulic fracturing. The acidic solution in a fractured well is from (1) Spent acid left downhole due to pre-acid used to reduce fracturing pressure, and (2) Sulfuric acid produced by the decomposition of ammonium persulfate which is used as gel breaker at high temperature.
This paper proposed two solutions to the problem of high-temperature fracturing fluids,one is to use a sulfur-free temperature stabilizer,and the other is to create a non-acid downhole environment. The opinions provided by this paper can help the operators reduce the risk of the damage of hydrogen sulfide and protect the integrity of the well of high temperature fracturing wells.
Pushing 30 Years Multiple Brown Fields Limits Through Artificial Lift and Facilities Improvement
Authors: Ariffin Mohd Hafizi , M Khalil Muhammad Idraki , M Razali Abdullah , Mostaffa M Iman 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Most of the oil fields in Sarawak has already producing more than 30 years. When the fields are this old, the team is most certainly facing a lot of problems with aging equipment and facilities. Furthermore, the initial stage of platform installation was not designed to accommodate a large space for an artificial lift system. Most of these fields were designed with gas lift compressors, but because of the space limitation, the platforms can only accommodate a limited gas lift compressor capacity due to space constraints. Furthermore, in recent years, some of the fields just started with their secondary recovery i.e. water, gas injection where the fluid gradient became heavier due to GOR drop or water cut increases. With these limitations and issues, the team needs to be creative in order to prolong the fields’ life with various artificial lift.
In order to push the limits, the team begins to improve gas lift distribution among gas lifted wells in the field. This is the cheapest option. Network model recommends the best distribution for each gas lifted wells.
Gas lifted wells performance highly dependent on fluid weight, compressor pressure, and reservoir pressure. The change of these parameters will impact the production of these wells. Rigorous and prudent data acquisitions are important to predict performance. Some fields are equipped with pressure downhole gauges, wellhead pressure transmitters, and compressor pressure transmitters. The data collected is continuous and good enough to be used for analysis.
Instead of depending on compressor capacity, a high-pressure gas well is a good option for gas lift supply. The issues are to find gas well with enough pressure and sustainability. Usually, this was done by sacrificing several barrels of oil to extract the gas.
Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) is a more expensive option compared to a gas lift method. The reason is most of these fields are not designed to accommodate ESP electricity and space requirements. Some equipment needs to be improved before ESP installation. Because of this, the team were considering new technology such as Thru Tubing Electrical Submersible Pump (TTESP) for a cheaper option.
With the study and implementation as per above, the fields able to prolong its production until the end of Production Sharing Contract (PSC). This proactive approach has maintained the fields’ production with
The paper seeks to present on the challenges, root cause analysis and the lessons learned from the subsequent improvement activities. The lessons learned will be applicable to oil fields with similar situations to further improve the fields’ production.
Useful Parameters in Dynamic Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography for Identifying Early Response to Chemotherapy in a Rat Liver Tumor Model
Authors: Taiji Ryosuke , Nishiofuku Hideyuki , Tanaka Toshihiro , Minamiguchi Kiyoyuki , Fukuoka Yasushi , Saito Natsuhiko , Taguchi Hidehiko , Matsumoto Takeshi , Marugami Nagaaki , Hirai Toshiko , Kichikawa Kimihiko 
Published: March 2021

Objectives:
The objective of the study is to determine a parameter on the time-intensity curve (TIC) of dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (DCE-US) that best correlates with tumor growth and to evaluate whether the parameter could correlate with the early response to irinotecan in a rat liver tumor model.

Material and Methods:
Twenty rats with tumors were evaluated (control: Saline, n = 6; treatment: Irinotecan, n = 14) regarding four parameters from TIC: Peak intensity (PI), k value, slope (PI × k), and time to peak (TTP). Relative changes in maximum tumor diameter between day 0 and 10, and parameters in the first 3 days were evaluated. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare differences in tumor size and other parameters. Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) between tumor size and parameters in the control group were calculated. In the treatment group, relative changes of parameters in the first 3 days were compared between responder and non-responder (<20% and ≥20% increase in size on day 10, respectively).

Results:
PI, k value, PI × k, and TTP significantly correlated with tumor growth (r = 0.513, 0.911, 0.665, and 0.741, respectively). The mean RC in k value among responders (n = 6) was significantly lower than non-responders (n = 8) (mean k value, 4.96 vs. 72.5; P = 0.003).

Conclusion:
Parameters of DCE-US could be a useful parameter for identifying early response to irinotecan.
Efficacy of Ashwagandha (withania somnifera [l.] Dunal) in improving cardiorespiratory endurance (VO2 max test) in healthy subjects
Authors: Bargale Sushant Sukumar  , Tripathy T B  , Shashirekha H K  , Suhas Kumar Shetty  
Published: March 2021

In Ayurveda, certain herbal formulas are considered to be Rasayana and they are typically taken over periods of time to regenerate both brain and body tissue. Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera) is used as an adaptogen, antioxidant, immune modulator, free radical scavenger, anti stress, anti arthritic, antispasmodic, anti inflammatory, nervous tonic, nerve soothing and anticancer agent. Ashwagandha (WS) as a nutritional supplement is yet too established. Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) is a gold standard of cardiopulmonary and muscle cell fitness is considered. The study evaluated the efficacy of Ashwagandha to improve cardiorespiratory endurance (VO2 max) in healthy subjects. They randomized single blind controlled comparative clinical study. 54 health volunteers in each group, study group received Ashwagandha Choorna 12gm with milk (200ml) empty stomach in the morning and the control group only milk (200ml). Maximal capacity of oxygen intake in ml/kg/min (VO2 max) with Rockport fitness walking test of both study and control group were measured before intervention (0th day), after the intervention (60th day) and follow up (90th day). A significant improvement in the VO2 max (F=20.675, P <0.0001) and Hemoglobin (X2=74.150 P <0.0001) in the study group was found. Supplementation of Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera) with milk improve hemoglobin and VO2 max (maximum aerobic capacity).
GURU: DIGUGU DAN DITIRU
Authors: Ghofar Abdul 
Published: March 2021

The paper intitled: â€œTeachers: Obeyed and Imatated â€œ describes how criteria and requirement for any requirements that must be possessed by the teacherÂ so thatÂ he becomes a teacher who is heard his advice and obeyed all his orders, as well as his behavior could be an example for his student . He is a professional teacher.To be a professional teacher then he shoud seek as optimal as possible to meet the competencies that must be owned by a teacher. The competencies include professional competence,Â pedagogical competent, social competence and personal competence as well he should be healthy physically and spiritually. Profesional teachers are teachers who are able to manage themselves in carrying out their duties daily.Criteria professional teachers include : 1) having tellent as a teacher, 2) having skill as ateacher, 3) having a good as expertise and integrated, 4) having a healthy mental, 5) able-bodied, 6) having extensive experience and knowledge, 7)having spirit of Pancasila, 8) the teacher is a good citizen.There are four programs that can be developed in the framework of the establishment of professional teachers, namely 1) pre-service education; 2) in-service education; 3) in-service training; andÂ 4) on-service training.
PENGARUH DANA PIHAK KETIGA DAN RASIO KECUKUPAN MODAL TERHADAP PEMBIAYAAN MURABAHAH
Authors: Aziz Kresnhanto , Nurdiansyah Dian Hakip 
Published: March 2021

This study aims to examine the effect of Third Party Funds and Capital Adequacy Ratio on Murabahah Financing in Indonesia from 2017-2019. This research method uses quantitative approach. The data used in this study comes from financial statements of sharia bank companies in Indonesia for the period of 2017-2019. Then, the data that has been obtained will be analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis and hypothesis testing consisting of the t test and f test with the help from SPSS 23 software. The sampling technique uses non probability sampling with purposive sampling technique. The results of statistical testing show that partially Third Party Funds has positive effect on Murabahah Financing and Capital Adequacy Ratio has positive effect on Murabahah Financing. Meanwhile, simultaneously Third Party Funds and Capital Adequacy Ratio has an effect on Murabahah Financing. Then, the coefficient of determination (R2) was 97,5%. This shows that Third Party Funds and Capital Adequacy Ratio variables can effect the Murabahah Financing by 97,5% and the remaining of 2,5% is influenced by other variables which are not used in this study. Keywords: Third Party Funds, Capital Adequacy Ratio, Murabahah Financing