bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term outcome of two-stage revision surgery after hip and knee prosthetic joint infections: an observational study
Authors: Bourgonjen Yorrick P. , Hooning van Duyvenbode J. Fred F. , van Dijk Bruce , Nurmohamed F. Ruben H. A. , Veltman Ewout S. , Vogely H. Charles , van der Wal Bart C. H. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Introduction: Two-stage revision surgery is the most frequently performed
procedure in patients with a chronic periprosthetic joint infection (PJI).
The infection eradication rates in the current literature differ between 54 % and 100 %, which could be attributed to different treatment strategies.
The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the infection
eradication rate in patients with chronic PJI treated with two-stage
revision surgery of the hip or knee in primary and re-revision cases.
Methods: All patients treated with a two-stage revision for chronic PJI
between 2005 and 2011 were analysed. Patient and infection characteristics were retrieved. Primary outcome was successful infection eradication at last
follow-up. Successful eradication is specified as no need for subsequent
revision surgery or suppressive antibiotic treatment.
Results: Forty-seven patients were treated with a two-stage revision.
Infection eradication was achieved in 36 out of 47 cases. Thirty-eight
patients had positive cultures: 35 monomicrobial infections and 3 polymicrobial infections. Nine cases of culture-negative infections were identified. Accompanying eradication rates were 26 out of 35 cases, 2 out of 3 cases, and 8 out of 9 cases respectively. Mean follow-up was 128 (27–186) months. For hip and
knee revisions the eradication rates were 22 out of 31 cases and 14 out of 16 cases respectively. After primary arthroplasty the infection was eradicated in
29 out of 38 cases and after re-revision in 7 out of 9 cases. Conclusion: In this study, the infection eradication rate for two-stage
revision surgery after PJI of the hip and knee in primary and re-revision
cases was 77 %. No statistically significant patient, infection and micro-organism characteristics were found which influence the infection
eradication rates at long-term follow-up of 128 (27–186) months.
The Chinese Exclusion Act and The Late Qing Chinese Cosmopolitanism
Authors: Zhu Ping 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article examines a specific set of literary texts, both in English and Chinese, produced by a few Chinatown leaders and some Chinese writers as they protested against the anti-Chinese sentiments and the Chinese Exclusion Act in the second half of the nineteenth century and the first decade of the twentieth century. Those Chinese-authored texts resisted the homogenizing view of the Chinese people by the Westerners, advocating a cosmopolitan class above race, and used commercial amity to assert the Chinese people's cosmopolitan right. The moral compass of the Chinese merchants in those literary stories also puts forward an alternative model of global capitalism that evolved from the traditional Chinese idea of tianxia. Reading these texts can help us build a more historicized view of Chineseness and the Chinese worldview prior to the rise of state-centered nationalisms in modern China, on the one hand, and understand the epistemological framework and limit of modern nationalisms, on the other.
O ensino de Física e a prática da ciência: aproximando-os com filosofia de modelos científicos no caso da Física de partículas
Authors: Ghidini João Pedro , Fantin André , Gurgel Ivã , Gameiro Munhoz Marcelo 
Published: October 2021

Mundialmente, formuladores de políticas públicas, pesquisadores em educação científica, professores e alunos defendem o ensino de tópicos da Física Moderna e Contemporânea na educação básica. Dentre esses tópicos, investiga-se a potencial introdução da Física de Partículas no ensino médio. Neste contexto, há quase duas décadas, surgiram diferentes propostas críticas com relação às abordagens do tipo “Lista de Compras”, que consiste em um ensino que se reduz a apresentar inúmeras partículas elementares. Neste trabalho, propomos um currículo baseado em engajamento, que busca ensinar a ciência e sobre a ciência. A argumentação sobre a ciência é vinculada às pesquisas desenvolvidas na área de Natureza da Ciência. Posteriormente, identificamos os Diagramas de Feynman como modelos a partir da concepção pragmática da Filosofia da Ciência. Por fim, a partir dessa argumentação, analisamos algumas propostas de ensino que já superaram a “Lista de Compras” vinculadas aos Diagramas de Feynman, e as comparamos a nossa proposta.
Pendekatan Keadilan Gender Pada Penerapan Iddah Ditinjau Dari Studi Islam
Authors: Jannah Riha Nadhifah Minnuril , Faiqoh Naning 
Published: October 2021

This paper aims to discuss the concept of iddah which is considered to discriminate against women because it is considered to limit women's movement after divorce or death by their husbands. But in that case Islam actually has clearly regulated in the Qur'an and hadith. Therefore, the problem that wants to be researched and analyzed is how the application of iddah today in Islamis gender equitable and is still relevant if applied. From the research results, there is actually no more injustice of any kind against women, let alone using religious legitimacy to discredit women. Because basically Islam is earlier than the history of any religion which pays special attention to the dehumanization of humanity experienced by women and serves which function as Khalifah fi al-ard. And iddah is still very relevant if it is applied today because in fact, even though today there are many discoveries and modern sciences that undermine the aims of iddah and assume that there is discrimination against women, infact there are many lessons and goals that can be taken from the process of having iddah.
Tweebenig besturen binnen zorgnetwerken
Authors: Schalk Jelmer , Schmidt Eduard , van der Pas Suzan , Wieringa Sietse , Groeneveld Sandra , Bussemaker Jet 
Published: October 2021

Ambidextrous management in healthcare networks: governance during the ‘hammer’ and the ‘dance’ in healthcare region west
Crisis management requires health care managers to simultaneously innovate, i.e. to adjust – and to consolidate, i.e. to provide stability. COVID-19 was no exception in this respect. In this study, we ask to what extent multi-actor and multi-level health care networks stimulate or hinder balancing innovation and consolidation. We present the results of a qualitative case study, drawing upon 29 interviews with health care managers in one region in the Netherlands. Our analysis chronologically follows the crisis management response and differentiates between ‘the hammer’ phase (the ‘lockdown’) and the ‘dance’ phase (learning to live with the virus). We show that, especially in the hammer phase, formal networks can contribute to consolidation, yet innovation comes mostly from informal and personal networks. While the hammer phase should help organizations prepare to live and dance with the virus, we show that multi-actor and multi-level networks focus more on idiosyncratic organizational interests, although some of these are in fact productive. We conclude with recommendations for practice.
Corona: stresstest voor het binnenlands bestuur?
Authors: van den Berg Caspar , Boogaard Geerten , Dreef Sofie , Geertjes Gert Jan 
Published: October 2021

Corona: stress test for local government?
In the Netherlands, the first period of the fight against the corona virus, which lasted from March, 1 until December 1, 2020, can be seen as a unique experiment. During this period, the 25 chairs of the ‘safety regions’ (veiligheidsregio’s), who are simultaneously the major of an important municipality in their region, were authorized for the first time to issue the most essential measures to tackle a national health crisis, partly on the binding advice of the Dutch health minister. The chairs of the safety regions gathered in the so-called ‘safety convention’ (veiligheidsberaad), in which they aimed to nationally coordinate their respective local measures. In this paper, we argue that the involvement of the safety regions provided a structure in which all local office holders in their respective regions (both on the municipal and the safety region level) could co-operate in the nation-wide fight against the pandemic, while at the same time take into account the existing (cultural) differences between the 25 regions.
Wetenschappelijk advies en coronabeleid: een bestuurskundige reflectie
Authors: de Bruijn Hans , van der Steen Martijn 
Published: October 2021

Scientific advice and COVID-19-policy: a public administration perspective
This paper takes a public administration lens to look at the relationship between scientific knowledge en policy making during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemix in The Netherlands. Policy makers portrayed an eagerness for scientific knowledge to help them make ‘the right decisions’, and many scientist were just as eager to answer the call. However, there are many dilemmas involved in the relationship between policy making and scientific advice. How can de the relationship between science and policy best be organized? What scientific dicisplines and subsidsciplines should be involved? And what is the specific role of social sciences in policy advice?
Role of Spiral Steroids in Pregnancy and Pre-Eclampsia
Authors: Chasalow Fred 
Published: October 2021

My laboratory discovered a new type of steroids. The structure of these steroids is unique in three ways: (i) they have 23, 24 or 25 carbon atoms – no other known vertebrate steroid has more than 21 carbon atoms; (ii) they are phosphodiesters – no other steroid phosphodiesters are known; and (iii) some of them have a spiral steroid at carbon 17 – no other endogenous spiral steroids are known. In total, our laboratory had elucidated the structure and path of biosynthesis for more than 20 related compounds. We have developed an LC–MS method and a MS–MS method to measure the compounds in small samples (< 1 ml). Synthetic compounds with similar spiral steroids (e.g., spironolactone) function as potassium sparing hormones but there were no known endogenous hormones with this function. We propose that the natural spiral steroids have that function. Endogenous compounds with these functions would have important roles in the physiology of pregnancy, pre-eclampsia, and eclampsia. This chapter will review the proposed physiology and pathology of the spiral steroids during pregnancy. There are many details to confirm but this is a useful paradigm.
Impact of Self-Selected Customized Orthotics on Lower Limbs Biomechanics
Authors: Dourthe Benjamin , Osterloh Judith , Von Tscharner Vinzenz , Nigg Sandro , M. Nigg Benno 
Published: October 2021

Customized insoles are commonly prescribed to prevent or treat a variety of foot pathologies and to reduce foot and lower limb fatigue. Due to the patient-specific design and production of such orthotics, the concept of self-selected customized orthotics (SSCO) has recently been developed. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of SSCO technology on several physiological and biomechanical variables during uphill power walking. Thirty male participants underwent an uphill power walking intervention at constant speed in two insoles conditions (control and SSCO). The electromyographic (EMG) activity of their right gastrocnemii and vastii muscles was measured. Perceived fatigue was assessed every 5 minutes and the intervention stopped when the targeted fatigue level was reached. Baseline and post-intervention assessments were also performed. Sixty-three percent of the participants experienced an improvement in foot fatigue while wearing the SSCO. The foot arch seemed to collapse less when participants wore the SSCO, but statistical significance was not reached. The changes in mean EMG activity was not consistent between the 50% isometric contraction and the walking trial. In conclusion, while some interesting trends were observed when wearing SSCO, further investigations should be performed to try and reach statistical significance.
Communicating Certainty in Pathology Reports
Authors: Gibson Blake A. , McKinnon Elizabeth , Bentley Rex C. , Mohlman Jeffrey , Witt Benjamin L. , Yang Eric J. , Geisler Daniel , DeFrances Marie 
Published: October 2021

Context.—
Pathology reports are the main modality in which results are communicated to other physicians. For various reasons, the diagnosis may be qualified on a spectrum of uncertainty.

Objective.—
To examine how communication of uncertainty is an unexamined source of possible medical error. No study to our knowledge has examined pathology reports across multiple institutions. This study seeks to identify commonly used phrases of diagnostic uncertainty and their interpreted meanings by surgical pathologists and clinicians.

Design.—
Anonymous surveys were completed at 3 major US academic institutions by 18 practicing staff pathologists, 12 pathology residents, 53 staff clinicians, and 50 resident/allied health professional clinicians at 5 standard tumor boards. All participants rated percentage certainty associated with 7 diagnostic terms. Pathologists answered 2 questions related to the ability to clarify a diagnosis using a comment and comfort wording pathology reports. Clinicians answered questions on how often they read a pathology report comment, if they found the comment helpful, and how comfortable they were in reading pathology reports.

Results.—
A wide range in percentage certainty was found for each of the 7 diagnostic phrases. Both staff and resident clinicians and residents showed wide variability in interpreting the phrases. Twenty-five of 50 staff clinicians (52%) were very comfortable reading a pathology report, whereas only 4 of 53 resident clinicians (8%) were very comfortable reading a pathology report. Twenty-four of 53 staff clinicians (63%) reported always reading the comment, yet only 20 of 53 (27%) always found the comment helpful. The phrases “diagnostic of” and “consistent with” had the strongest agreement in meaning. The weakest agreement was between “suspicious for” and “compatible with.”

Conclusions.—
Efforts to standardize diagnostic terms may improve communication.
Bots and Beasts
Authors: Thagard Paul 
Published: October 2021

An expert on the mind considers how animals and smart machines measure up to human intelligence.
Octopuses can open jars to get food, and chimpanzees can plan for the future. An IBM computer named Watson won on Jeopardy! and Alexa knows our favorite songs. But do animals and smart machines really have intelligence comparable to that of humans? In Bots and Beasts, Paul Thagard looks at how computers (“bots”) and animals measure up to the minds of people, offering the first systematic comparison of intelligence across machines, animals, and humans.
Thagard explains that human intelligence is more than IQ and encompasses such features as problem solving, decision making, and creativity. He uses a checklist of twenty characteristics of human intelligence to evaluate the smartest machines—including Watson, AlphaZero, virtual assistants, and self-driving cars—and the most intelligent animals—including octopuses, dogs, dolphins, bees, and chimpanzees. Neither a romantic enthusiast for nonhuman intelligence nor a skeptical killjoy, Thagard offers a clear assessment. He discusses hotly debated issues about animal intelligence concerning bacterial consciousness, fish pain, and dog jealousy. He evaluates the plausibility of achieving human-level artificial intelligence and considers ethical and policy issues. A full appreciation of human minds reveals that current bots and beasts fall far short of human capabilities.
Single‐Molecule Magnets
Authors: Giansiracusa Marcus J. , Gransbury Gemma K. , Chilton Nicholas F. , Mills David P. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Single‐molecule magnets (SMMs) are finite molecular species that display slow relaxation of their magnetization, equivalent to a magnetic memory effect. In this article, we give an overview of how SMM behavior can arise from the spin properties of a giant molecular spin or unpaired electrons on a single metal center. We outline the criteria for obtaining SMM properties, and how these have developed through theoretical insight to lead to the rapid advancement of SMM performance. We discuss the progression of the field from the original Mn
12
polymetallic cluster, to carefully engineered coordination complexes of Ln ions. Classes of compounds discussed include 3d, 3d–4f and 4f polymetallic clusters, 3d and 4f monometallic complexes, and homo‐ and hetero‐metallic exchange‐coupled SMMs, including those bridged by radical ligands and/or encapsulated in endohedral fullerenes. The state of the art in SMMs is discussed, leaving the reader with an up‐to‐date understanding of theory and synthetic design, with references to comprehensive reviews.

For readers new or returning to the area, we highlight the standard experiments used to characterize SMMs—including magnetic hysteresis, zero‐field cooled/field cooled magnetic susceptibility, alternating current susceptibility, and magnetization decay measurements. We highlight the common pitfalls often encountered in the literature in measurements, data analysis, and structural correlation of properties. We aim to provide a clear background for relaxation mechanisms in SMMs and the quantification of performance using energy barriers, blocking temperatures, and relaxation rate. The reader is directed toward a series of proof‐of‐concept publications which have spearheaded the implementation of SMMs toward future applications in high‐density data storage, quantum information processing, and spintronics.
In Situ Deployment of Engineered Extracellular Vesicles into the Tumor Niche via Myeloid‐Derived Suppressor Cells
Authors: Duarte‐Sanmiguel Silvia , Panic Ana , Dodd Daniel J. , Salazar‐Puerta Ana , Moore Jordan T. , Lawrence William R. , Nairon Kylie , Francis Carlie , Zachariah Natalie , McCoy William , Turaga Rithvik , Skardal Aleksander , Carson William E. , Higuita‐Castro Natalia , Gallego‐Perez Daniel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising carrier system for the delivery of therapeutic payloads in multiple disease models, including cancer. However, effective targeting of EVs to cancerous tissue remains a challenge. Here, it is shown that nonviral transfection of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) can be leveraged to drive targeted release of engineered EVs that can modulate transfer and overexpression of therapeutic anticancer genes in tumor cells and tissue. MDSCs are immature immune cells that exhibit enhanced tropism toward tumor tissue and play a role in modulating tumor progression. Current MDSC research has been mostly focused on mitigating immunosuppression in the tumor niche; however, the tumor homing abilities of these cells present untapped potential to deliver EV therapeutics directly to cancerous tissue. In vivo and ex vivo studies with murine models of breast cancer show that nonviral transfection of MDSCs does not hinder their ability to home to cancerous tissue. Moreover, transfected MDSCs can release engineered EVs and mediate antitumoral responses via paracrine signaling, including decreased invasion/metastatic activity and increased apoptosis/necrosis. Altogether, these findings indicate that MDSCs can be a powerful tool for the deployment of EV‐based therapeutics to tumor tissue.
Wireless Multifunctional Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor for Magnetic Field and Temperature Monitoring
Authors: Yang Yang , Mengue Prince , Mishra Harshad , Floer Cécile , Hage‐Ali Sami , Petit‐Watelot Sébastien , Lacour Daniel , Hehn Michel , Han Tao , Elmazria Omar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA one‐port surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator based on Co40–Fe40–B20/SiO2/ZnO/quartz multilayer structure and exhibiting a dual mode, Rayleigh and Love wave modes, is investigated to achieve a multifunctional sensor measuring both temperatures and magnetic fields. The Rayleigh wave mode of the resonator is used for temperature measurement with a temperature sensitivity of −37.9 ppm/°C, and the Love wave mode is used for magnetic field measurement. Co40‐Fe40‐B20is the magnetic sensitive layer, and quartz crystal is the piezoelectric substrate. ZnO film is also a piezoelectric but considered here in combination with SiO2as insulating layers and serves to control impedance matching and temperature dependence of the sensor. ZnO and SiO2thicknesses are selected to realize temperature compensation for the Love wave mode and making this mode highly sensitive to magnetic fields and insensitive to temperatures. The magnetic field sensitivities of −170.4 kHz m−1T−1and −621.6 kHz m−1T−1are obtained respectively for the fundamental and the third harmonic of the Love wave mode. The proposed structure is beneficial to design reliable hybrid SAW magnetic field and temperature sensors.
A Generic Protocol for Highly Reproducible Manufacturing of Efficient Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes Using In‐Situ Photoluminescence Monitoring
Authors: Luo Zhongming , Liu Baoxing , Luo Xi , Zheng Ting , Deng Sunbin , Chen Rongsheng , Tian BingBing , Xu Ping , Kwok Hoi‐Sing , Li Guijun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHalide perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) have raised considerable attention due to their high color purity and rapid development performance. Although high‐efficiency PLEDs have been continuously and repeatedly reported, the lack of a highly reproducible manufacturing process for PLEDs hinders their future development and commercialization. Here, a generic protocol for rational control of the nucleation and crystallization process of the perovskite emission layer is reported. Through the monitoring of the photoluminescence during spin‐coating, the antisolvent dripping time can be precisely determined. Therefore, it is possible to repeatedly produce a perovskite emission layer with high PLQY, smooth surface/interface, and good homogeneity. As a result, high‐performance PLEDs are easily obtained. Moreover, the standard deviation of the fabricated PLEDs performance is smaller than 0.8%, showing high reproducibility independent of the process conditions such as the process temperature, solvent atmosphere, and spin‐coating parameters, which highlights the statement of the importance of rationally control of the antisolvent process. The methodology provides important progress towards highly reproducible manufacturing of PLEDs for practical applications.
Laser Micromachining of Magnetoactive Elastomers as Enabling Technology for Magnetoresponsive Surfaces
Authors: Kravanja Gaia , Belyaeva Inna A. , Hribar Luka , Drevenšek‐Olenik Irena , Shamonin Mikhail , Jezeršek Matija 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA simple method for structuring of the surface of a magnetoactive elastomer (MAE) on the tens of micrometers scale, which capabilities extend beyond conventional mold‐based polymer casting, is reported. The method relies on the ablation of the material by absorption of nanosecond infrared pulses from a commercial laser. It is shown that it is possible to fabricate parallel lamellar structures with a high aspect ratio (up to 6:1) as well as structures with complex scanning trajectories. The method is fast (fabrication time for the 7 × 7 mm2 is about 60 s), and the results are highly reproducible. To illustrate the capabilities of the fabrication method, both orthogonal to the MAE surface and tilted lamellar structures are fabricated. These magnetosensitive lamellae can be easily bent by ±45° using an external magnetic field of about 230 mT. It is demonstrated that this bending allows one to control the sliding angle of water droplets in a great range between a sticky (>90°) and a sliding state (<20°). Perspectives on employing this fabrication technology for magnetosensitive smart surfaces in microfluidic devices and soft robotics are discussed.