bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and predictors of no-shows to physical therapy for musculoskeletal conditions
Authors: Bhavsar Nrupen A. , Doerfler Shannon M. , Giczewska Anna , Alhanti Brooke , Lutz Adam , Thigpen Charles A. , George Steven Z. 
Published: May 2021

Objectives
Chronic pain affects 50 million Americans and is often treated with non-pharmacologic approaches like physical therapy. Developing a no-show prediction model for individuals seeking physical therapy care for musculoskeletal conditions has several benefits including enhancement of workforce efficiency without growing the existing provider pool, delivering guideline adherent care, and identifying those that may benefit from telehealth. The objective of this paper was to quantify the national prevalence of no-shows for patients seeking physical therapy care and to identify individual and organizational factors predicting whether a patient will be a no-show when seeking physical therapy care.

Design
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting
Commercial provider of physical therapy within the United States with 828 clinics across 26 states.

Participants
Adolescent and adult patients (age cutoffs: 14–117 years) seeking non-pharmacological treatment for musculoskeletal conditions from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2017 (n = 542,685). Exclusion criteria were a primary complaint not considered an MSK condition or improbable values for height, weight, or body mass index values. The study included 444,995 individuals.

Primary and secondary outcome measures
Prevalence of no-shows for musculoskeletal conditions and predictors of patient no-show.

Results
In our population, 73% missed at least 1 appointment for a given physical therapy care episode. Our model had moderate discrimination for no-shows (c-statistic:0.72, all appointments; 0.73, first 7 appointments) and was well calibrated, with predicted and observed no-shows in good agreement. Variables predicting higher no-show rates included insurance type; smoking-status; higher BMI; and more prior cancellations, time between visit and scheduling date, and between current and previous visit.

Conclusions
The high prevalence of no-shows when seeking care for musculoskeletal conditions from physical therapists highlights an inefficiency that, unaddressed, could limit delivery of guideline-adherent care that advocates for earlier use of non-pharmacological treatments for musculoskeletal conditions and result in missed opportunities for using telehealth to deliver physical therapy.
Effectiveness of early versus delayed rehabilitation following rotator cuff repair: Systematic review and meta-analyses
Authors: Mazuquin Bruno , Moffatt Maria , Gill Peter , Selfe James , Rees Jonathan , Drew Steve , Littlewood Chris 
Published: May 2021

Objective
To investigate the effectiveness of early rehabilitation compared with delayed/standard rehabilitation after rotator cuff repair for pain, function, range of movement, strength, and repair integrity.

Design
Systematic review and meta-analyses.

Methods
We searched databases and included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing early with delayed/standard rehabilitation for patients undergoing rotator cuff repair surgery. We assessed risk of bias of the RCTs using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool.

Results
Twenty RCTs, with 1841 patients, were included. The majority of the RCTs were of high or unclear risk of overall bias. We found substantial variations in the rehabilitation programmes, time in the sling and timing of exercise progression. We found no statistically significant differences for pain and function at any follow-up except for the outcome measure Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation at six months (MD: 6.54; 95%CI: 2.24–10.84) in favour of early rehabilitation. We found statistically significant differences in favour of early rehabilitation for shoulder flexion at six weeks (MD: 7.36; 95%CI: 2.66–12.06), three (MD: 8.45; 95%CI: 3.43–13.47) and six months (MD: 3.57; 95%CI: 0.81–6.32) and one year (MD: 1.42; 95%CI: 0.21–2.64) and similar differences for other planes of movement. In terms of repair integrity, early mobilisation does not seem to increase the risk of re-tears (OR:1.05; 95%CI: 0.64–1.75).

Discussion
Current approaches to early mobilisation, based largely on early introduction of passive movement, did not demonstrate significant differences in most clinical outcomes, although we found statistically significant differences in favour of early rehabilitation for range of movement. Importantly, there were no differences in repair integrity between early and delayed/standard rehabilitation. Most rehabilitation programmes did not consider early active movement as soon as the patient feels able. With ongoing variation in rehabilitation protocols there remains a need for large high quality RCT to inform the optimal approach to rehabilitation after rotator cuff repair surgery.
Determinants and consequences of heavy episodic drinking among female sex workers in Ethiopia: A respondent-driven sampling study
Authors: Amogne Minilik Demissie , Agardh Anette , Abate Ebba , Ahmed Jelaludin , Asamoah Benedict Oppong 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundFemale sex workers (FSW), due to their working conditions, have an increased likelihood of heavy episodic drinking (HED), which is associated with risky sexual behavior. Nevertheless the specific contribution of HED to risky sexual behavior among FSWs in Ethiopia is not well documented for prevention activities.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to explore the determinants and consequences of HED among FSWs in Ethiopia.MethodsA cross-sectional study using respondent-driven sampling was conducted among 4886 FSWs in 11 major towns in Ethiopia in 2014. A structured interview was performed, and data were examined using descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analyses.ResultsMost (66%) FSWs consumed alcohol, and the prevalence of HED was 29.1%. Compared to street-based FSWs, those who worked in bars/hotels and local drinking houses had 2.19 and 1.29 times higher odds of HED, respectively. FSWs who started selling sex when younger than 18 years (compared to those who started when older than 25 years) and those who were forced into selling sex had 1.48 and 2.91 times higher odds of HED, respectively. FSWs with more income from selling sex and FSWs who chewed khat reported increased odds of HED. Moreover, FSWs with experience of HED reported 1.27 and 1.44 times higher odds of physical beating and condom breakage/slippage, respectively. Furthermore, the population attributable risk fraction of HED among FSWs showed that 6.2% of physical beating and 8.9% of condom breakage/slippage could be attributed to HED.ConclusionIn general, several factors increase the experience of HED, and HED in turn increases the likelihood of violence and condom breakage. These factors could inform programs and intervention activities among FSWs populations.
Community led testing among people who inject drugs: A community centered model to find new cases of HIV and Hepatitis C in Nepal
Authors: Didiya Rajesh , Gyenwali Deepak , Pokhrel Tara Nath , Devkota Sudha , Rai Amrit Bikram , Shedain Purusotam Raj , Sharma Mukunda , Shrestha Madan Kumar , Imran Muhammad , Kadirov Zakir , Dahal Bhawani Prasad , K. C. Prawchan , Ojha Sabir , Pokhrel Khem Narayan 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundPeople who inject drugs (PWIDs) have sub-optimal HIV and HCV testing as the available testing services are inadequate in low and middle-income countries. We examined a model of Community-Led Testing (CLT) in Nepal, exploring the feasibility of HIV and HCV testing by trained lay service providers who had similar backgrounds to those of PWIDs. We also assessed the prevalence of HIV and HCV within this study population and the associated risk factors among PWIDs.MethodsA mix-methods cross-sectional study was conducted among 1029 PWIDs in five major districts of Nepal from July 2019 to February 2020. Trained PWID peers performed the screening for HIV and HCV using Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) kits. Acceptability and feasibility of the testing was assessed. The participants’ sociodemographic characteristics and injecting and non-injecting risk characteristics were determined. The association of risk and prevention characteristics with testing results were assessed using multiple logistic regression.ResultsPWIDs shared that the test providers were friendly and competent in counseling and testing. Of total PWIDs (n = 1,029), 20.6% were HCV-positive and 0.2% were HIV-positive. HCV positivity was associated with needle sharing (AOR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.27,2.64; p = 0.001) and reuse of syringe/needle (AOR: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.34, 3.79; p = 0.002). In addition, PWIDs were more likely to be HCV-positive who started opioid substitution therapy (OST) (AOR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.26, 2.80, p = 0.002) and attended the rehabilitation center (AOR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.53, p = 0.017).ConclusionsThis CLT model was found to be a novel approach of testing of HIV and HCV which was acceptable to PWIDs in Nepal and showed the high prevalence of HCV and its association with injecting-related risk behaviors and being users of OST and rehabilitation. The findings highlight the need of community-led testing in hotspots, OST settings, and rehabilitation centers to screen new HIV and HCV infections.
Genetic markers of abdominal obesity and weight loss after gastric bypass surgery
Authors: Aasbrenn Martin , Svendstrup Mathilde , Schnurr Theresia M. , Lindqvist Hansen Dorte , Worm Dorte , Balslev-Harder Marie , Grarup Niels , Burgdorf Kristoffer Sølvsten , Vestergaard Henrik , Pedersen Oluf , Ängquist Lars , Fenger Mogens , Sørensen Thorkild I. A. , Madsbad Sten , Hansen Torben 
Published: May 2021

Background
Weight loss after bariatric surgery varies widely between individuals, partly due to genetic differences. In addition, genetic determinants of abdominal obesity have been shown to attenuate weight loss after dietary intervention with special attention paid to the rs1358980-T risk allele in the VEGFA locus. Here we aimed to test if updated genetic risk scores (GRSs) for adiposity measures and the rs1358980-T risk allele are linked with weight loss following gastric bypass surgery.

Methods
Five hundred seventy six patients with morbid obesity underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. A GRS for BMI and a GRS for waist-hip-ratio adjusted for BMI (proxy for abdominal obesity), respectively, were constructed. All patients were genotyped for the rs1358980-T risk allele. Associations between the genetic determinants and weight loss after bariatric surgery were evaluated.

Results
The GRS for BMI was not associated with weight loss (β = -2.0 kg/100 risk alleles, 95% CI -7.5 to 3.3, p = 0.45). Even though the GRS for abdominal obesity was associated with an attenuated weight loss response adjusted for age, sex and center (β = -14.6 kg/100 risk alleles, 95% CI -25.4 to -3.8, p = 0.008), it was not significantly associated with weight loss after adjustment for baseline BMI (β = -7.9 kg/100 risk alleles, 95% CI -17.5 to 1.6, p = 0.11). Similarly, the rs1358980-T risk allele was not significantly associated with weight loss (β = -0.8 kg/risk allele, 95% CI -2.2 to 0.6, p = 0.25).

Discussion
GRSs for adiposity derived from large meta-analyses and the rs1358980-T risk allele in the VEGFA locus did not predict weight loss after gastric bypass surgery. The association between a GRS for abdominal obesity and the response to bariatric surgery may be dependent on the association between the GRS and baseline BMI.
Increased ACE2 Levels and Mortality Risk of Patients With COVID-19 on Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy
Authors: Liu Julia J. , Sloan Meredith E. , Owings Anna H. , Figgins Erika , Gauthier Josee , Gharaibeh Raad , Robinson Tanya , Williams Haley , Sindel Campbell B. , Backus Fremel , Ayyalasomayajula Krishna , Parker Adam , Senitko Michal , Abraham George E. , Claggett Brian , Horwitz Bruce H. , Jobin Christian , Adelman Robert M. , Diamond Gill , Glover Sarah C. 
Published: May 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use was recently reported to be associated with increased severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and worse clinical outcomes. The underlying mechanism(s) for this association are unclear.

METHODS:
We performed a prospective study of hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and COVID-negative controls to understand how PPI use may affect angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression and stool SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Analysis of a retrospective cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 from March 15, 2020 to August 15, 2020 in 6 hospitals was performed to evaluate the association of PPI use and mortality. Covariates with clinical relevance to COVID-19 outcomes were included to determine predictors of in-hospital mortality.

RESULTS:
Control PPI users had higher salivary ACE2 mRNA levels than nonusers, 2.39 ± 1.15 vs 1.22 ± 0.92 (P = 0.02), respectively. Salivary ACE2 levels and stool SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection rates were comparable between users and nonusers of PPI. In 694 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (age = 58 years, 46% men, and 65% black), mortality rate in PPI users and nonusers was 30% (68/227) vs 12.1% (53/439), respectively. Predictors of mortality by logistic regression were PPI use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.72, P < 0.001), age (aOR = 1.66 per decade, P < 0.001), race (aOR = 3.03, P = 0.002), cancer (aOR = 2.22, P = 0.008), and diabetes (aOR = 1.95, P = 0.003). The PPI-associated mortality risk was higher in black patients (aOR = 4.16, 95% confidence interval: 2.28–7.59) than others (aOR = 1.62, 95% confidence interval: 0.82–3.19, P = 0.04 for interaction).

DISCUSSION:
COVID-negative PPI users had higher salivary ACE2 expression. PPI use was associated with increased mortality risk in patients with COVID-19, particularly African Americans.
CSRR metamaterial based BPF with wide attenuation band
Authors: Sen Sarbani , Moyra Tamasi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A bandpass filter (BPF) of 2.24 GHz centre frequency and 44.6% fractional bandwidth, with a wide attenuation band is proposed in this article. The paper is focused on the analysis of complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) as a unit section of metamaterial and its application in designing of a bandpass filter. The proposed BPF structure consists of a stepped impedance stub-loaded resonator incorporated with the CSRR to suppress the harmonics to improve the attenuation band characteristics. A brief parametric study of the CSRR cell is done to demonstrate its role while suppressing the unwanted harmonics. The structure is fabricated, and measured to show a consistency with the IE3D simulated results.
Laboratory test and numerical simulation of composite geomembrane leakage in plain reservoir
Authors: Luo Jinping , Huang Guoxiang , Shao Yanni , Liu Jian , Xie Quanyi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Plain reservoir plays an important role in alleviating water shortage in plain areas which are generally crowded with large populations. As an effective and cheap anti-seepage measure, geomembrane is widely applied in plain reservoirs. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the seepage discharge caused by composite geomembrane leakage. The laboratory test and numerical calculation are carried out in this paper to analyze the influence of three factors (i.e., water head, leakage size, and leakage location) on seepage discharge. It is found from the results of the orthogonal and single-factor analysis that the impact order of the three factors on the seepage discharge of plain reservoir is: distance from dam toe > water head > leakage size. Moreover, the seepage discharge increases as the water head, leakage size, and leakage quantity increase, in a linear relation. The opposite trend can be sawed in the seepage discharge when the distance from dam toe rises. Furthermore, a threshold distance is innovatively presented based on the results of numerical analysis. The ranking of three factors has enlightening significance for future scholars to track and study key issues of the leakage of composite geomembrane. The threshold distance presented in this paper is beneficial for engineers to manage and maintain the reservoir. Generally, the findings of this study can be beneficial to deepen the understanding of the influence of composite geomembrane leakage on the plain reservoirs.
The many facets of bile acids in the physiology and pathophysiology of the human liver
Authors: Gertzen Christoph G.W. , Gohlke Holger , Häussinger Dieter , Herebian Diran , Keitel Verena , Kubitz Ralf , Mayatepek Ertan , Schmitt Lutz 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Bile acids perform vital functions in the human liver and are the essential component of bile. It is therefore not surprising that the biology of bile acids is extremely complex, regulated on different levels, and involves soluble and membrane receptors as well as transporters. Hereditary disorders of these proteins manifest in different pathophysiological processes that result in liver diseases of varying severity. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of the physiology and pathophysiology of bile acids with an emphasis on recently established analytical approaches as well as the molecular mechanisms that underlie signaling and transport of bile acids. In this review, we will focus on ABC transporters of the canalicular membrane and their associated diseases. As the G protein-coupled receptor, TGR5, receives increasing attention, we have included aspects of this receptor and its interaction with bile acids.
Suitability of electro-chemical reactor with copper electrode for sugar industry wastewater treatment: optimization of parameters, mechanism, kinetics and sludge analysis
Authors: Sahu Omprakash 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe waste water generated from sugar industry contains a high degree of organic pollutant. Treating the sugar industry wastewater is thus crucial important for the environmental concern. The treated water can be reprocessed in different unit operation due to lack of fresh water. The purpose of this research work is to treat the sugarcane processing industry wastewater by electrochemical technology. The experiment was carried out with the copper electrode in batch mode. The input process parameters were optimized by using response surface methodology. At optimum condition at pH 6.79, current 4.97, electrode distance 1.41 and treatment ∼30 min, maximum 87.07% of chemical oxygen demand and 99.18% color removals was attained. A fairly high predicted value of regression coefficient for chemical oxygen demand (Pre-R2) 0.81 and color (Pre-R2) 0.851 and adjacent value for chemical oxygen demand (Adj-R2) 0.46 and color (Adj-R2) 0.589 was obtained between the experimental values and the calculate values by using a second-order regression model. The physicochemical characterizations of scum reveal less percentage of inorganic and it cane used as a micronutrient.
A Comparison of the Korean and Japanese Approaches to Foreign Family Names
Authors: Guanglin Jin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
There are many foreign family names in Korean and Japanese genealogies. This paper is especially focused on the fact that out of approximately 280 Korean family names, roughly half are of foreign origin, and that out of those foreign family names, the majority trace their beginnings to China. In Japan, the Newly Edited Register of Family Names (新撰姓氏錄), published in 815, records that out of 1,182 aristocratic clans in the capital and its surroundings, 326 clans-approximately one-third-originated from China and Korea. Does the prevalence of foreign family names reflect migration from China to Korea, and from China and Korea to Japan? Or is it perhaps a result of Korean Sinophilia (慕華思想) and Japanese admiration for Korean and Chinese cultures? Or could there be an entirely distinct explanation? First I discuss premodern Korean and ancient Japanese foreign family names, and then I examine the formation and characteristics of these family names. Next I analyze how migration from China to Korea, as well as from China and Korea to Japan, occurred in their historical contexts. Through these studies, I derive answers to the above-mentioned questions.
Eurasian Transfer of Knowledge vs. Eurasian Interchange of Knowledge ―The Times Before Writing―
Authors: Labisch Alfons 
Published: May 2021

Abstract /Summary
In light of the widely discussed issues on the modernization and industrialization of East Asia, it is sometimes overlooked that there has been a constant exchange of knowledge between East Asia and Europe. This “transfer of knowledge” during all known times was associated with the traffic of humans, animals and goods and had an input on skills and techniques, too. And it were not only goods, skills and knowledge, but religions, world views and cultures that were exchanged. Thus is it productive to speak of an “transfer of knowledge”? Is it not rather productive to speak of a constant exchange and thus of an “interchange of knowledge” - and so of a steadily ongoing process of giving and taking? So is the real question what separates East Asia and Europe or what they have in common? It is precisely this general problem that is to be pursued in a special question in time, for which there are no written sources. So it is about the earliest history, possibly even the origin of exchange processes between East and West, which can be achieved with most modern methods. Are the latest methods and results of archeology providing us with information on whether, as of when and in what areas, an exchange of knowledge between East and West existed before the time of writing? This question is being examined in a central region of the exchange, namely the “Oasis Silk Road” with the “bottle neck” of the Taklamakan. The present study / presentation is only a small, highly incomplete “florilegium” - a selection of flowers. Pilot studies with precise questions would be needed. Such preliminary investigations and pilot studies could also be made for other regions of knowledge exchange and cultural interaction in East Asia in general. On the methodical side, all methods of historiography and archeology have their specific advantages, but also their specific disadvantages. In the issue “Eurasian Interchange of Knowledge in Times before Writing”, the combined results of historiography, modern archeology, and recent natural scientific and (molecular) biological archaeology are the basis for our current state of knowledge. On the long run the different methods and results from a variety of different scientific areas have to be evaluated in their meaningfulness, reach and validity for the historiography of human action. On the basis of the results from historiography and archeology in the widest sense, can be assumed that there has been an exchange of materials, products, skills and creatures - animals and humans - since the beginning of the early agrarian culture in the Neolithic Age. Exchange processes in the widest sense in the later times of writing therefore seldom meet an almost untouched field. Rather, exchange processes usually build on existing cultural peculiarities, which are already an amalgam and thus an inseparable mixture of previous exchange processes.