bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring pioneering efforts in tea breeding and genetic transformation and designing driving innovative strategies for better brewing
Authors: Nivetha D K , Manikanda Boopathi N , Shobhana V G , Ehab A A Salama , Ramya Selvi N , Dinesh Kumar G 
Published: December 2024

Tea is the second most consumed drink in the world, following water. It is known for its aromatic allure, sense of refreshment, medicinal values and also nutritional properties, including antioxidants, anti-ageing, anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial nature. Tea breeding plays a pivotal role in the development of superior lines which can thrive in wider environmental conditions. However, conventional methods met with limited success, biotechnological interventions have shown their potential to evolve superior cultivars within a short span of time. Plant tissue culture technology allows for in vitro propagation that enables mass multiplication of uniform, elite clones with desirable traits besides serving as basic requirement for all the transgenic endeavours. Advances in omics technologies, coupled with advanced bioinformatics pipelines have led to the elucidation of key genes driving molecular events that confer increased tea yield and quality. Genetic transformation mediated by Agrobacterium, particle bombardment, and CRISPR-Cas9 facilitate the production of transgenic tea with desirable traits. Inter-disciplinary collaboration among breeders, geneticists, agronomists and biotechnologists holds great promise in addressing the demands of consumers and overcoming the existing and emerging challenges posed by varied biotic and abiotic stress.
Sustainable encapsulation of bio-active agents and microorganisms in electrospun nanofibers: A comprehensive review
Authors: Masillamani AKA , Sabarinathan KG , Gomathy M , Kumutha K , Prasanthrajan M , Kannan J , Aishwarya P 
Published: December 2024

Nanotechnology is a technological discipline focused on the design, fabrication, and utilization of structures, systems, and devices through the manipulation of atoms and molecules at the nanoscale. A significant advancement in this field is the development of a nanocarrier system for microbe encapsulation using electrospun nanofibers. These nanofibers, characterized by their diameters in the nanometric range, are produced through nanotechnology. The electrospinning technique is a versatile method that fabricates these nanofibers from polymer solutions, including polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, and chitosan, using high voltage. Nanofibers play a crucial role in various fields, including environmental remediation, medicine, agriculture, and textiles. Beneficial microorganisms are microbial cells that aid crops by protecting them from pathogens, supplying essential nutrients, and alleviating both biotic and abiotic stresses. Several techniques have been developed to encapsulate microorganisms within nanofibers, with electrospinning being the most widely applied method. This technique effectively traps microbial cells while preserving their viability for extended periods without causing harm. Microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses, as well as fertilizers, pesticides, and growth hormones, can be successfully encapsulated within nanofibers. This review provides a comprehensive overview of nanofibers, including their characterization, the polymers utilized (such as chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and alginate), and the electrospinning process with its variations. It also discusses techniques for encapsulating microbial cells within nanofibers and their applications in agriculture in the current context.
Characterization of biochar produced from paperboard sludge: A sustainable approach for waste management and resource recovery
Authors: Vaishnavi P , Sherene JRT , Baskar M , Vanniarajan C , Ramjani SA , Senthil K , Selvamurugan M 
Published: December 2024

The pulp and paperboard industry are a significant industrial sector that consumes large quantities of fresh water and generates substantial volumes of wastewater. Treating this wastewater produces a considerable amount of sludge, which poses serious environmental challenges. This study proposes a sustainable solution by converting paperboard sludge (PBS) into biochar through slow pyrolysis at temperatures ?00°C, offering an alternative approach to waste management and resource conservation. The physicochemical analysis of paperboard sludge biochar (PBSB) revealed a neutral pH of 7.49, electrical conductivity of 0.09 dS m-1, an organic carbon content of 38.12%, and a calcium carbonate (CaCO3) content of 24.5%. Proximate analysis of PBSB revealed an increased fixed carbon content of 10.27 %, total organic carbon (TOC) of 7.13%, and reduced volatile matter and moisture levels. Micronutrients viz., iron (Fe) (5.06 mg L-1), Manganese (Mn) (419.3 mg L-1), Copper (Cu) (26.3 mg L-1), and Zinc (Zn) (66.1 mg L-1), were also observed in PBSB. FTIR analysis identified various carbon-containing functional groups, including C-Cl, C-N, C-C, H-C=O, C-H, and -C?C-H, indicating substantial chemical transformations during pyrolysis. Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) analysis revealed that PBSB consists of fine particles with a coarse, fluffy, spongy, porous structure, making it ideal for water adsorption. Elemental analysis through x-ray diffraction (XRD) showed high carbon and oxygen content and significant amounts of aluminosilicates, carbonates, and nutrients like phosphorus and potassium, suggesting PBSB as a potential slow-release fertilizer. This research highlights the potential of biochar derived from paperboard waste as a sustainable solution for effective waste management and resource recovery.
Problematika Izin Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi Terhadap Upaya Penyadapan Tersangka Korupsi
Authors: Rachman Andi Nur , Syarif Mujar Ibnu 
Published: December 2024

The process of revising the KPK law gave rise to a new structure within the corruption erradiction commision. With the existence of the KPK Supervisory Board, the KPK's performance must be adapted to the results of the revision of the law. This article aims to explain cases of licensing issues experienced by KPK employees or investigators in an effort to wiretap corruption suspects to the KPK Supervisory Board. This arose due to the revision of the latest KPK law, namely Law number. 19 of 2019 so that there are many bureaucracies that hinder the performance of investigators in carry out efforts to eradicate corruption. The performance of investigators who are required to be fast and immediately confronted with layers of bureaucracy related to wiretapping. The research method used is a normative juridical approach using the statutory approach. The results of the research obtained are that the latest revision of the KPK law makes the wiretapping mechanism for corruption suspects must take permits and layers of bureaucracy. After a judicial review related to Law Number 19 of 2019, the Constitutional Court granted a material claim related to the article governing wiretapping. Now the KPK only notifies the Supervisory Board no later than 14 (fourteen) work days after the wiretapping is carried out. This is a good thing because the investigator's actions are impermeable and immediately can run well.
Synthesis and luminescence of 3-(pyridine-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazine-based Ir(III) complexes
Authors: Al-Ghezi Basim S.M. , Kovalev Igor S. , Sangalova Maria V. , Noskova Alena A. , Khasanov Albert F. , Glebov Nikita S. , Shtaitz Yaroslav K. , Valieva Maria I. , Krinochkin Alexey P. , Shabunina Olga V. , Kopchuk Dmitry S. , Zyryanov Grigory V. 
Published: December 2024

A series of novel iridium(III) complexes containing 5-N-(aryl)-amino- or 5-cycloamino-3-(pyridine-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazine ligands was obtained. These complexes exhibited red luminescence in solution as well as in the solid state. Based on the DFT studies it was suggested that N(2) atom of the 1,2,4-triazine core is preferable to N(4) one as the coordination site in the complexes of Ir(III).
Comparison of effect of suctioning first or drying first on the outcome of hypothermia and respiratory distress at 6 hours of age: a hospital based prospective cohort study
Authors: Rungta Shruti , Barupel Raghunath , Vishnoi S. K. , Jora Rakesh 
Published: December 2024

Background: Around 10% of newborns need assistance to start and maintain effective breathing at birth, and perinatal asphyxia contributes to 23% of the 4 million annual neonatal deaths worldwide. Skilled resuscitation in the delivery room can help prevent many of these fatalities and reduce neurodevelopmental disabilities in survivors. Objectives were to compare the effect of suctioning first or drying first on the composite outcome of hypothermia and respiratory distress at 6 hours of age in depressed newborn requiring delivery room resuscitation.
Methods: The study was an institution-based prospective cohort study, conducted in tertiary care institute. The 380 depressed newborn requiring resuscitation were included in study and those who have major congenital malformation and preterm and meconium-stained liquor were excluded. All the enrolled newborn were randomised into 2 groups, based on block randomisation done by staff nurse. Those who were in suctioning group, were resuscitated by doing suctioning first and those who were in drying group were resuscitated by doing drying first remaining steps were done as per NRP protocol, all the newborn were admitted to NICU. Temperature, respiratory distress and blood sugar at 0, 1, 6 hour of age is recorded in predesigned proforma.
Results: Both the groups were comparable in term of maternal and neonatal characteristics. Incidence of hypothermia at admission was 26.8% for group D and 23.2% for group S (p=0.407). The 7.4% participants required intubation in group D and 4.7% in group S. Respiratory distress at admission was present in 62.1% for group D and 64.7% for group S patients (p value 0.368). At 6 hours of observation, it was seen that the presence of hypothermia in group D was 6.8% in group D and 2.6% in group S (p=0.091). During the same time period respiratory distress was present in 38.4% of group D infants and 38.8% of group S infants respectively (p=0.708).
Conclusions: As long as the neonatal resuscitation is performed properly, any one of the two can be done as the first step of the protocol, it can be said that the order of either drying first or suctioning first in the protocol of neonatal resuscitation provide comparable results in terms of neonatal respiratory distress, hypothermia, and other adverse outcomes.
Efficiency of organized teaching programme on knowledge regarding low glycaemic index diet among the diabetes mellitus patients admitted in selected hospitals at Bellary
Authors: Rani Sigamala S. V. 
Published: December 2024

Background: India leads the world with largest number of diabetic subjects earning the dubious distinction of being as “diabetic capital of world”. Diabetes is leading cause of death, disability and economic loss through the world. Prevalence of diabetes in the adults worldwide was estimated to be 4% in 1995 and is expected to be 5.4% by the year 2025.
Methods: The study conceptual frame work based on Kings Goal attainment theory. The approach used for this study was evaluative one. Pre experimental study one group pretest and posttest design is used to collect the data. The independent variable of the study is organized teaching programme on knowledge regarding low glycaemic index diet among diabetes mellitus patients and dependent variable is knowledge on low glycaemic index diet in the management of diabetes mellitus patients the tool used to collect data was structured knowledge questionnaire.
Results: The results of the study showed that the overall mean pretest knowledge of diabetes mellitus patients was 55.25% with the standard deviation of 2.77. The mean knowledge gain by the diabetes mellitus patients was 73.62% with the standard deviation of 1.89. The association was determined by using Pearson chi square test. The obtained "t" value 14.989 is greater than the table value at 0.01 level of significance. Therefore, "t" value is found to be significant. It means there is gain in knowledge level of diabetes mellitus patients. This supports that organized teaching programme on low glycaemic index diet is effective in increasing the knowledge level of diabetes mellitus patients.
Conclusions: The present study attempted to assess effectiveness of organized teaching programme on knowledge regarding low glycaemic index diet among the diabetes mellitus patients admitted in selected hospitals at Bellary and concluded that there was a significant improvement in the knowledge after organized teaching programme. Thus, organized teaching programme is effective in improving the knowledge of the diabetes mellitus patients.
A study of hypertension and obesity in school-going children age 10-16 years
Authors: Samreen Sana , Kiran Hosgouda 
Published: December 2024

Background: The rising prevalence of hypertension and obesity among the current generation of children has become a significant public health concern. This alarming trend highlights the urgent need to study the occurrence of these conditions in school-going children aged 10 to 16 years. Accurate estimates of the prevalence of pediatric hypertension and obesity, particularly in the post-COVID era, are essential for designing effective prevention and treatment strategies. The study aims to determine the occurrence of hypertension and obesity in school going children and the risk factors associated with it.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study included 402 school going children of Kalaburagi city of age group 10 -16 years. After selecting the school, informed consent from school Principal and Parents of children was obtained. A predesigned, pre tested questionnaire proforma was administered to each child to collect data (intake of fatty food, dietary pattern, duration of screen time, duration of sleep, hours of physical activity). Parameters of height, weight and blood pressure were measured and recorded. Ethical approval was obtained.
Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 2.5% and pre-hypertension was 2.5%. Prevalence of obesity was 1.7%, over weight was 5.2%. Significant association was found between obesity and mixed type of diet (p value=0.016). It was found that obesity was significantly associated with increased risk of hypertension (p value= 0.000). Significant association was found between hypertension and increased screen time (p value=0.001). It was observed that there is a statistically significant association between female gender and overweight (p=0.027).
Conclusions: The prevalence of hypertension in obese children was high. Hypertension was positively associated with increased screen time. Prevalence and early detection of childhood obesity and high BP should be strengthened to prevent the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Introdução à estatística no Ensino Fundamental sob o olhar da Trajetória Hipotética da Aprendizagem
Authors: Bettanin Bertoni Tales , Giovannini Odilon 
Published: December 2024

Este artigo apresenta uma proposta pedagógica para o ensino de estatística no nono ano do Ensino Fundamental. A estrutura da proposta está fundamentada na Trajetória Hipotética de Aprendizagem que se baseia na construção do conhecimento pelos estudantes através de práticas de entrevistas, análise de informações, troca de conhecimentos e exposição das produções dos estudantes. A proposta está organizada em 5 encontros e envolve, entre outras, atividade de levantamento de informações, diálogos, construção de tabela e gráficos, visando tornar as aulas de matemática mais dinâmicas. A proposta pedagógica nessa abordagem possibilita o desenvolvimento da criatividade e promove a interação, socialização e trabalho em equipe entre os estudantes.
Fossil fish assemblage of the Laguna Formation, Philippines: Unveiling the uniqueness of Pleistocene freshwater ecosystems in Southeast Asia
Authors: Přikryl Tomáš , Castro Abigael , Fernando Allan Gil , Nogot Jaan Ruy Conrad , Magtoto Clarence , Garas Kevin , Mediodia Dominique , Lin Chien-Hsiang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

This study offers a comprehensive analysis and detailed description of the fossil fish assemblage from the Pleistocene Laguna Formation in Luzon Island, Philippines. The fish fossils were collected from the deeper lacustrine facies of the formation, and a total of three fish families were identified. The identification is based on the recognizable synapomorphies in 10 moderately preserved semi-articulated individuals of ray-finned fish specimens, some of which include counterparts. The assemblage is predominantly composed of small clupeiforms of the family Dorosomatidae, accompanied by a gobioid fish (Gobiidae or Oxudercidae) and a synbranchid specimen (Synbranchidae), each represented by a single specimen. This taphocoenosis preserves free-swimming dorosomatids and demersal gobioid and synbranchid, suggesting an autochthonous assemblage with minimal postmortem sorting. Despite all recognized taxa being tolerant to changes in salinity, the environment is inferred to have been freshwater, analogous to modern Taal Lake, where a freshwater sardine thrives. This study represents the first systematic description of freshwater fish fossils in the Philippines and marks the first discovery of these taxa in the tropical West Pacific region.
The obesity paradox in osteoporosis risk among older adults is mostly driven by women: a population-based prospective study
Authors: Luo Qingfeng , Zhang Shiyong , Liang Zixin , Wang Danni , Zhong Yanlin , Xia Bin , Xie Peng , Wang Can , Yuan Jinqiu , Zhang Ziji , Li Xingsheng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The obesity paradox is widespread among older adults at risk for various diseases, including the unclear association between obesity and osteoporosis (OP) risk. This study aimed to investigate the association between obesity and OP risk in an older population.
Methods
A cross-sectional and prospective study was conducted based on the UK Biobank cohort. The association of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and fat percentage with BMD was examined using Spearman correlation analysis with baseline BMD data. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to investigate the association between obesity and OP risk. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used to assess the nonlinear associations of BMI, WC, and fat percentage with OP.
Results
Baseline cross-sectional analyses revealed a positive association between BMI, WC, and fat percentage with BMD in women, while no significant correlation was found in men. Cox analyses showed that obesity as defined by BMI, WC, and fat percentage was associated with a 33%, 23%, and 31% reduction in the risk of OP in women but not in men, respectively. Conjoint analysis showed that lower BMI was associated with increased risk of OP in older adults, whereas the lowest risk was observed in women with higher BMI and higher body fat. RCS revealed an inverse J-shaped nonlinear association between obesity metrics and OP risk in women.
Conclusion
Lower BMI is an independent risk factor for OP in older adults, and the obesity paradox for OP risk exists only in women.
Spatio-temporal segregation between sensory relay and swallowing pre-motor population activities by optical imaging in the rat nucleus of the solitary tract.
Authors: Fuse Shinya , Sugiyama Yoichiro , Dhingra Rishi R. , Hirano Shigeru , Dutschmann Mathias , Okada Yasumasa , Oku Yoshitaka 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) contains neurons that relay sensory swallowing commands information from the oropharyngeal cavity and swallowing premotor neurons of the dorsal swallowing group (DSG). However, the spatio-temporal dynamics of the interplay between the sensory relay and the DSG is not well understood. Here we employed fluorescence imaging after microinjection of the calcium indicator into the NTS in an arterially perfused brainstem preparation of rat (n = 8) to investigate neuronal population activity in the NTS in response to superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) stimulation. Respiratory and swallowing motor activities were determined by simultaneous recordings of phrenic and vagal nerve activity (PNA, VNA). Analysis of SLN stimulation near the threshold triggering a swallowing allowed us to analyze Ca2+ signals related to the sensory relay and the DSG. We show that activation of sensory relay neurons triggers spatially confined Ca2+ signals exclusively unilateral to the stimulated SLN at short latencies (114.3 ± 94.4 ms). However, SLN-evoked swallowing triggered Ca2+ signals bilaterally at longer latencies (200 ± 145.2 ms) and engaged anatomically distributed DSG activity across the dorsal medulla oblongata. The Ca2+ signals originating from the DSG preceded evoked VNA swallow motor bursts, thus the swallowing premotor neurons that drive laryngeal motor pools are located outside the DSG. In conclusion, the study illuminates the spatial-temporal features of sensory-motor integration of swallowing in the NTS and further supports the hypothesis that the NTS harbors swallowing pre-motor neurons that may generate the swallowing motor activity while first order pre-motor pools are located outside the DSG.
Unraveling the microstructure evolution and element diffusion behavior of gradient nanostructured heat-resistant stainless steel during high-temperature oxidation
Authors: Wei L. L. , Xia C.H. , Wang Y.G. , Kundin J. , Jin X.J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Thermal stability of nanocrystalline grains is a crucial factor that determines the unique microstructure and properties of the gradient nanostructured (GNS) materials at elevated temperatures. Nevertheless, oxidation is unavoidable for GNS metal materials utilized at high temperatures, potentially impacting the microstructure stability. In this study, we reveal the correlation between the high temperature selective oxidation and the thermal stability of GNS layer through experimental research and phase-field simulations. The improved anti-oxidation property of GNS samples was ascribed to the excellent thermal stability of (Cr, Mn)3O4 oxides and a large proportion of low-energy twin boundaries. After prolonged oxidation, the GNS layer exhibited a bimodal microstructure. To analyze the elemental diffusion mechanism and microstructure evolution in the GNS layer, the phase-field simulation technique was employed. Selective oxidation led to the concentration of chromium reduced in the region near grain boundary, thereby diminishing the thermal stability of the grains and causing abnormal grain growth in the surface layer. Particularly, grain growth had conduction effect, the topmost grains coarsening will cause grain growth in the underlying layers, and subsequently, the grains in the interior region will also be gradually affected.