bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acquired angioedema in B cell lymphoproliferative disease: A retrospective case series
Authors: Wonnaparhown Alex , Stefanovic Alexandra , Lugar Patricia , Hostetler Haley P 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Acquired angioedema due to C1-inhibitor (C1-INH) deficiency (AAE-C1-INH) is rare and is associated with underlying lymphoproliferative diseases. C1-INH deficiency may be due to neoplastic over-consumption of C1-INH and the generation of anti-C1-INH autoantibodies. Uncovering an occult malignancy can lead to earlier oncology referral and improvement of angioedema after treatment of the underlying lymphoproliferative disorder. We characterized seven patients with C1-INH-AAE that highlights the importance of recognizing the association between C1-INH-AAE and underlying malignancy. In acute attacks, patients may be resistant to C1-INH therapy due to the presence of anti-C1-INH autoantibodies or rapid complement consumption, and may respond better to icatibant or ecallantide, which directly affect bradykinin. Treatment of the underlying malignancy also improves AAE-C1-INH symptoms and supports the role of lymphoproliferative B cells in AAE-C1-INH pathophysiology. Monitoring levels of C4, C1-INH function and level, and C1q may be predictive of AAE-C1-INH control and be used as surrogates for treatment efficacy. With close monitoring, low-dose danazol can be effective for long-term prophylaxis. Annual evaluation in AAE-C1-INH is recommended if an underlying malignancy is not found, as angioedema may precede the development of malignancy by several years. Our single-center study has aided in standardization of comprehensive AAE-C1-INH diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring strategies towards future therapeutic clinical trials.
Effect of different dental implant drilling template designs on heat generation during osteotomy – an in vitro study
Authors: Waltenberger Lukas , Wied Stephanie , Wolfart Stefan , Tuna Taskin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis in vitro study examined the effect of different implant drilling template designs on heat generation during osteotomy and on cooling fluid distribution.Material and methodsFive different template designs were investigated in a standardized setup against a control group and a negative control group: Occlusal‐splint‐design (OSD), OSD‐covering, OSD‐lateral opening, Bar design, and Orientation template. Pilot and one consecutive drill were run at 800 rpm with external irrigation and 2‐kg load. Thermocouples recorded temperature changes at depths of 3, 6, and 9 mm in a bovine rib model. In the second experimental setup, the drill channel of one rib sample was perforated, and the irrigation volume passing through the drill channel was collected separately over time.ResultsFollowing mean temperature rises occurred [in °C]: control, 4.9; negative control, 12; OSD, 5.6; OSD‐covering, 4.7; OSD‐lateral opening, 3.8; Bar design, 5.1; and Orientation template, 4.9. The highest temperature increases were found at a drilling depth of 6 mm (p < .006). The 2.2‐mm drill resulted in a significantly higher temperature rise than the 2.8‐mm drill (p < .001). The mean volume (ml/min) of irrigation through the drill channel was Control group‐flow, 28.5; OSD, 4.1; OSD‐covering, 2; OSD‐lateral opening; 5.8; bar design, 4; and Orientation template, 24.1.ConclusionWithin the limitations, it was shown that fully guided drilling templates reduce the amount of cooling liquid at the point of osteotomy. The template design had an influence on the effective volume of the cooling liquid. However, this did not seem to increase the intraosseous temperature significantly.
Analysis of the Korean generic medicine market: Factors affecting the market share of generic medicines
Authors: Kim Dong‐Sook , Shin Jihye , Chung Jusun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study probed the market share of generic medicines by patients’ age and sex, type of medical facilities, route of administration, number of generic brands, market size (drug expenditure), and therapeutic class and investigated factors associated with a high market share of generic medicines in Korea. We analyzed using national health insurance data between 2010 and 2019. The dependent variable was the generic medicine market share, measured as the number of prescriptions and expenditures. Multivariable regression analysis was conducted using the numbers of generic brands, market size by each ingredient and therapeutic class, relative price, the number of prescriptions, and therapeutic class. Total pharmaceutical expenditures have increased due to the high use of single‐source drugs. The number of prescriptions and expenditures for generic medicines were 0.3 billion prescriptions and $7.8 billion, respectively, accounting for 46.5% and 46% of the total market. Multivariate analysis showed that the number of prescriptions (>20 thousand) and the market size of main active ingredients (>$1 million) were associated with an increased market share, whereas the number of generic brands (compared to <3) was associated with reduced generic medicine market share. In conclusion, we found that supply policies to promote the market entry of generic medicines by mandating price consistency between generic medicines and off‐patent original medicines had limitations in increasing the generic medicine market share. Policy should be put in place both to ensure the timely market entry of generic medicines and to promote the use of cheaper generic medicines.
Ethnic diversity in German dermatology textbooks: Does it exist and is it important? A mini review
Authors: Gregersen Deborah Maria , Elsner Peter 
Published: September 2021

SummaryRecently published research has detected discrepancies in medical care as a result of skin color in Anglo‐American countries. This was partly attributed to the fact that medical and dermatological specialist training textbooks were found to consist of examples and material that could be classified as more than 90 % white and fair skin (Fitzpatrick’s skin types I–III), including pictures in textbooks and scientific literature used as standard reference works. This systematic review reveals similar findings for German dermatological textbooks and consequently gives rise to the question of whether current medical training and practice in Germany adequately meets the needs of a population that is becoming ever more diverse.
Visual speech differentially modulates beta, theta, and high gamma bands in auditory cortex
Authors: Karthik G. , Plass John , Beltz Adriene M. , Liu Zhongming , Grabowecky Marcia , Suzuki Satoru , Stacey William C. , Wasade Vibhangini S. , Towle Vernon L. , Tao James X. , Wu Shasha , Issa Naoum P. , Brang David 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSpeech perception is a central component of social communication. Although principally an auditory process, accurate speech perception in everyday settings is supported by meaningful information extracted from visual cues. Visual speech modulates activity in cortical areas subserving auditory speech perception including the superior temporal gyrus (STG). However, it is unknown whether visual modulation of auditory processing is a unitary phenomenon or, rather, consists of multiple functionally distinct processes. To explore this question, we examined neural responses to audiovisual speech measured from intracranially implanted electrodes in 21 patients with epilepsy. We found that visual speech modulated auditory processes in the STG in multiple ways, eliciting temporally and spatially distinct patterns of activity that differed across frequency bands. In the theta band, visual speech suppressed the auditory response from before auditory speech onset to after auditory speech onset (−93 to 500 ms) most strongly in the posterior STG. In the beta band, suppression was seen in the anterior STG from −311 to −195 ms before auditory speech onset and in the middle STG from −195 to 235 ms after speech onset. In high gamma, visual speech enhanced the auditory response from −45 to 24 ms only in the posterior STG. We interpret the visual‐induced changes prior to speech onset as reflecting crossmodal prediction of speech signals. In contrast, modulations after sound onset may reflect a decrease in sustained feedforward auditory activity. These results are consistent with models that posit multiple distinct mechanisms supporting audiovisual speech perception.
Blue revitalization or dispossession? Reform of common resource management in Japanese small‐scale fisheries
Authors: Ganseforth Sonja 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBased on in‐depth anthropological field research in rural Japan, this paper analyses the ongoing reform of Japanese fishery governance and its social and environmental justice implications, as globally proliferating discourses on the ‘blue economy’ and ‘blue growth’ are driving the enclosure of one of the last vestiges of natural resource commons in small‐scale fisheries. Coastal fisheries in Japan are often idealized as one of the last bastions of resource co‐management in an industrialized country, with local cooperatives collectively controlling territorial fishing rights. However, demographic change, declining profitability, and dwindling resource stocks are challenging their viability. Reform of the fishery law, designed to stimulate new growth and industrialization – particularly in aquaculture – includes the opening up of coastal fishery resources to corporate investors, the strengthening of top‐down regulation, and the introduction of individual fishing quotas (IQ). The desire to boost domestic seafood production also has to be seen within the context of the double anxiety of high dependency on international trade for foodstuff and of Japan's vanishing rurality. This emphasis on private capital and presupposed economic and scientific rationality builds on the same rationale of blue economy and blue growth discourses, which promise financial along with ecological returns on large‐scale investments in sustainable ocean economies. Growth‐oriented reform in Japan now imperils successful resource co‐management in coastal small‐scale fisheries. Its analysis therefore offers deeper insights into the transformative as well as dispossessive potential of the global paradigmatic shift towards an intensified industrial exploitation of the oceans. The question of social and environmental justice is central in the re‐allocation of access rights to ocean spaces and resources and the re‐arrangement of decision‐making processes in fishery governance, as local fishing communities face a very real threat of dispossession and disempowerment.
Modelling the influenza disease burden in people aged 50–64 and ≥65 years in Australia
Authors: Moa Aye M. , Menzies Robert I. , Yin J. Kevin , MacIntyre C. Raina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundEstimation of influenza disease burden is necessary to monitor the impact of intervention programmes. This study aims to estimate the attributable fraction of respiratory and circulatory disease due to influenza among Australian adults 50–64 and ≥65 years of age.MethodsA semi‐parametric generalised‐additive model was used to estimate annual and average rate of influenza‐attributable hospitalisation and death per 100,000 population under the principal diagnosis of influenza/pneumonia, respiratory, circulatory and myocardial infarction (MI) from 2001 through 2017.ResultsOver the study period, seasonal influenza accounted for an estimated annual average respiratory hospitalisation rate of 78.9 (95%CI: 76.3, 81.4) and 287.5 (95%CI: 279.8, 295.3) per 100,000 population in adults aged 50–64 and ≥65 years, respectively. The corresponding respiratory mortality rates were 0.9 (95%CI: 0.7, 1.2) and 18.2 (95%CI: 16.9, 19.4) per 100,000 population. The 2017 season had the highest influenza‐attributable respiratory hospitalisations in both age groups, and respiratory complications were estimated approximately 2.5 times higher than the average annual estimate in adults aged ≥65 years in 2017. For mortality, on average, influenza attributed 1,080 circulatory and 361 MI deaths in adults aged ≥65 years per year. Influenza accounted for 1% and 2.8% of total MI deaths in adults aged 50–64 and ≥65 years, respectively.ConclusionRates of cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality were high in older adults, whilst the younger age group contributed a lower disease burden. Extension of influenza vaccination programme beyond the targeted population could be an alternative strategy to reduce the burden of influenza.
Chemo‐mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced geopolymer interphase
Authors: Hajimohammadi Ailar , Masoumi Saeed , Kim Taehwan , McCaslin Eric , Alnahhal Mohammed Fouad , Almer Jonathan D. , White Claire E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGeopolymers, as a potentially environmentally friendly alternative to Portland cement, are increasingly attracting attention in the construction industry. Various methods have been applied for customizing the properties of geopolymers and improving their commercial viability. One of the promising methods for refining the properties of geopolymers such as their toughness is the use of short fibers. The effectiveness of a high‐strength short fiber in the geopolymer matrix is largely dependent on the interfacial bonding between the fiber and its surrounding matrix. While the importance of this interfacial chemistry is highlighted in the literature, the characteristics of this bonding structure have not been fully understood. In this paper, we aim to investigate the bonding mechanism between the carbon fiber and metakaolin‐based geopolymer matrix. For the first time, the existence and nature of the chemical bonding at the interfacial region (interphase) between carbon fiber and geopolymer matrix has been revealed. X‐ray pair distribution function computed tomography (PDF‐CT), field emission‐scanning electron microscopy imaging, and nanoindentation techniques are employed to discern the chemo‐mechanical properties of the interphase. PDF‐CT results show the emergence of a new atom–atom correlation at the interfacial region (around 1.82 Å). This correlation is a characteristic of interfacial bonding between the fiber and its surrounding matrix, where the existence of chemical linkages (potentially VAl‐O‐C) between fibers and the matrix contributes to the adhesion between the two constituents making up the composite. Due to such chemical bonding, the nanomechanical properties of the interfacial region fall between that of the carbon fiber and geopolymer. The combination of advanced techniques is proved useful for enhancing our understanding of the interfacial chemistry between fibers and the binding matrix. This level of knowledge facilitates the engineering of composite systems through the manipulation of their nanostructure.
The use of theory in qualitative research: Challenges, development of a framework and exemplar
Authors: Nguyen Thi Ngoc Minh , Whitehead Lisa , Dermody Gordana , Saunders Rosemary 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhilst theoretical grounding is considered important for sound research methodology, consensus on the application of theory in qualitative research remains elusive. Novice researchers may experience challenges in applying theory in qualitative research and these may contribute to the under‐use, over‐reliance or inappropriate application of theory. Practical guidance on how theory can inform and guide the conduct of qualitative research is needed.PurposeThe purpose of this paper was to propose a framework for the application of theory in qualitative research and provide an exemplar.MethodsThe Theoretical Application Framework for Qualitative Studies (TAF‐QS) was developed from the synthesis of existing literature and the authors' own experience of the application of theory.ResultsThe TAF‐QS encourages researchers to articulate which theoretical framework or conceptional framework they are drawing on and how this will be applied by reflecting on the purpose and the context of the study.ConclusionThe TAF‐QS provides support for researchers to explore how theory can be applied and how to achieve this in qualitative research.Tweetable abstractThe use of theory in qualitative research.
Efficacy and tolerability of quinidine as salvage therapy for monomorphic ventricular tachycardia in patients with structural heart disease
Authors: Deshmukh Amrish , Larson John , Ghannam Michael , Saeed Mohammed , Cunnane Ryan , Ghanbari Hamid , Latchamsetty Rakesh , Crawford Thomas , Jongnarangsin Krit , Pelosi Frank , Chugh Aman , Oral Hakan , Morady Fred , Bogun Frank , Liang Jackson J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionQuinidine is an effective therapy for a subset of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation (VF) syndromes; however, the efficacy of quinidine in scar‐related monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (MMVT) is unclear.Methods and ResultsBetween 2009 and 2020 a single VT referral center, a total of 23 patients with MMVT and structural heart disease (age 66.7 ± 10.9, 20 males, 15 with ischemic cardiomyopathy, mean LVEF 22.2 ± 12.3%, 9 with left ventricular assist device [LVAD]) were treated with quinidine (14 quinidine gluconate; 996 ± 321 mg, 8 quinidine sulfate; 1062 ± 588 mg). Quinidine was used in combination with other antiarrhythmics (AAD) in 19 (13 also on amiodarone). All patients previously failed >1 AAD (amiodarone 100%, mexiletine 73%, sotalol 32%, other 32%) and eight had prior ablations (median of 1.5). Quinidine was initiated in the setting of VT storm despite AADs (6), inability to tolerate other AADs (4), or recurrent VT(12). Ventricular arrhythmias recurred despite quinidine in 13 (59%) patients at a median of 26 (4–240) days after quinidine initiation. In patients with recurrent MMVT, VT cycle length increased from 359 to 434 ms (p = .02). Six (27.3%) patients remained on quinidine at 1 year with recurrence of ventricular arrhythmias in all. The following adverse effects were seen: gastrointestinal side effects (6), QT prolongation (2), rash (1), thrombocytopenia (1), neurologic side effects (1). One patient discontinued due to cost.ConclusionQuinidine therapy has limited tolerability and long‐term efficacy when used in the management of amiodarone‐refractory scar‐related MMVT.
Addictions in patients with atopic dermatitis: a cross‐sectional pilot study in Germany
Authors: Pilz A.C. , Durner V. , Schielein M.C. , Schuster B. , Beckmann J. , Biedermann T. , Eyerich K. , Zink A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease worldwide and displays many atopic, but also non‐atopic comorbidities. Among the latter, mental health disorders such as depression have been extensively studied. However, data on addictions are still rare.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of different kinds of addictions in adult AD patients using a single‐centre approach.MethodsThis non‐interventional cross‐sectional study was performed from 03/2020 to 05/2020 at the Department of Dermatology of a large German university hospital. Participants with a diagnosis of AD confirmed by a dermatologist answered questions about disease severity (patient‐oriented eczema measure, POEM), quality of life (Dermatology Life Quality Index, DLQI) and smoking habits. They were screened for problematic alcohol consumption, drug abuse, internet addiction and pathological gambling using internationally established and validated questionnaires.Results157 patients (56.1% female; mean age of 49.9 ± 20.4) with an average POEM of 13.7 ± 7.5 and DLQI of 6.1 ± 5.4 were evaluated. 14.1% were identified as regular smokers, 12.1% screened positive for alcohol dependency, 6.4% for drug use disorders, 4.5% for Internet addiction and 3.2% for pathological gambling. Co‐occurrences of different addictions were observed, and a positive correlation was noted between DLQI scores and smoking.ConclusionsIn summary, this study hints at elevated positive screening rates for problematic alcohol consumption, drug use disorders, Internet addiction and problem gambling compared with the general population. Screening routinely for addictions may improve patient‐centred health care of AD patients.
Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate exhibits anti‐inflammatory effects in a human interface dermatitis model—implications for therapy
Authors: Braegelmann C. , Niebel D. , Ferring‐Schmitt S. , Fetter T. , Landsberg J. , Hölzel M. , Effern M. , Glodde N. , Steinbuch S. , Bieber T. , Wenzel J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundEpigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) has been proven effective in treating viral warts. Since anticarcinogenic as well as anti‐inflammatory properties are ascribed to the substance, its use has been evaluated in the context of different dermatoses. The effect of EGCG on interface dermatitis (ID), however, has not yet been explored.ObjectivesIn this study, we investigated the effect of EGCG on an epidermal human in vitro model of ID.MethodsVia immunohistochemistry, lesional skin of lichen planus patients and healthy skin were analysed concerning the intensity of interferon‐associated mediators, CXCL10 and MxA. Epidermal equivalents were stained analogously upon ID‐like stimulation and EGCG treatment. Monolayer keratinocytes were treated likewise and supernatants were analysed via ELISA while cells were processed for vitality assay or transcriptomic analysis.ResultsCXCL10 and MxA are strongly expressed in lichen planus lesions and induced in keratinocytes upon ID‐like stimulation. EGCG reduces CXCL10 and MxA staining intensity in epidermis equivalents and CXCL10 secretion by keratinocytes upon stimulation. It furthermore minimizes the cytotoxic effect of the stimulus and downregulates a magnitude of typical pro‐inflammatory cytokines that are crucial for the perpetuation of ID.ConclusionsWe provide evidence concerning anti‐inflammatory effects of EGCG within a human in vitro model of ID. The capacity to suppress mediators that are centrally involved in disease perpetuation suggests EGCG as a potential topical therapeutic in lichen planus and other autoimmune skin diseases associated with ID.
Managing automation in teams
Authors: Dogan Mustafa , Yildirim Pinar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study a principal's decision to introduce automation into a production process governed by a team of employees. When introduced, automation displaces an employee with a machine. This displacement increases efficiency as the machine carries out the tasks of the employee at a lower cost, and reduces the scope of moral hazard as the machine does not make unobserved effort choices. We show that, despite the direct benefits, a principal may prefer not to adopt automation due to its indirect costs. Before automation is introduced, the principal is able to take advantage of her ability to shape the interactions between the team members to manage the agency problem. Automation eliminates this ability and removes an incentive device at the principal's discretion, resulting in an indirect cost. On the one hand, adopting automation is always optimal when the principal incentivizes employees independently, abstaining from creating a team interaction. On the other hand, automation may be suboptimal when the principal incentivizes employees by encouraging them to compete via a “relative performance evaluation” contract or to cooperate via a “joint performance evaluation” contract. We offer two extensions to test the robustness of these findings qualitatively. First, the findings carry through if we consider alternative effects of automation, where it impacts employees symmetrically without displacing any employee. Second, the findings also remain consistent when there are synergies between the efforts of team members.