bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SIRT6 inhibition delays peripheral nerve recovery by suppressing migration, phagocytosis and M2-polarization of macrophages
Authors: Zou Ying , Zhang Jiaqi , Xu Jiawei , Fu Lanya , Xu Yizhou , Wang Xianghai , Li Zhenlin , Zhu Lixin , Sun Hao , Zheng Hui , Guo Jiasong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Silent information regulator 6 (SIRT6) is a mammalian homolog of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylase sirtuin family. Prior evidences suggested that the anti-inflammatory function of SIRT6 after spinal cord and brain injury, and it plays a crucial role in macrophages polarization of adipose tissue and skin. However, the role of SIRT6 in macrophages involved peripheral nerve injury is still unknown. Given the prominent role of macrophages in peripheral nerve recovery, we aim to investigate the role of SIRT6 in the regulation of phenotypes shift and functions in macrophages after peripheral nerve injury.

Results
In the present study, we first identified a significant increase of SIRT6 expression during nerve degeneration and macrophages phagocytosis. Next, we found nerve recovery was delayed after SIRT6 silencing by injected shRNA lentivirus into the crushed sciatic nerve, which exhibited a reduced expression of myelin-related proteins (e.g., MAG and MBP), severer myoatrophy of target muscles, and inferior nerve conduction compared to the shRNA control injected mice. In vitro, we found that SIRT6 inhibition by being treated with a selective inhibitor OSS_128167 or lentivirus transfection impairs migration and phagocytosis capacity of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). In addition, SIRT6 expression was discovered to be reduced after M1 polarization, but SIRT6 was enhanced after M2 polarization in the monocyte-macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and BMDM. Moreover, SIRT6 inhibition increased M1 macrophage polarization with a concomitant decrease in M2 polarization both in RAW264.7 and BMDM via activating NF-κB and TNF-α expression, and SIRT6 activation by UBCS039 treatment could shift the macrophages from M1 to M2 phenotype.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that SIRT6 inhibition impairs peripheral nerve repair through suppressing the migration, phagocytosis, and M2 polarization of macrophages. Therefore, SIRT6 may become a favorable therapeutic target for peripheral nerve injury.
Colisão de Mundos: A Proteção Ambiental Internacional e a Cosmovisão Ameríndia l Clash of Worlds: The International Protection of the Environment and Amerindian Cosmovisions
Authors: Moutropoulos Fortunato Renan , Maciel Barbosa Monique 
Published: December 2021

O texto tem como finalidade analisar o sistema de proteção ambiental internacional. A abordagem compara três visões sobre o tema: a) a criada por Estados no âmbito da ONU, calcada no conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável; b) uma visão crítica pós-estruturalista que desconstrói tal conceito; e c) a cosmovisão indígena brasileira sobre o meio ambiente. A intenção deste estudo é contrapor diferentes modos de concepção da natureza e suas implicações para a proteção ambiental. Portanto, pretende-se analisar a presença da visão indígena na Rio-92, a maior conferência sobre o tema. Para isso, lança-se mão de pesquisa bibliográfica e analisa-se a Carta da Terra - declaração de princípios éticos publicada na ocasião da Conferência Mundial dos Povos Indígenas sobre Território, Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento da Rio-92.Palavras-chave: Proteção ambiental; Cosmovisões ameríndias; DIP.ABSTRACTThis text aims to analyze the topic of environmental protection by comparing three visions about the theme. a) the one crafted by States within the UN system, based on the concept of “sustainable development”; b) a post-structuralist critical vision, which deconstructs that concept; and c) the Brazilian Amerindian cosmovisions over nature. This movement intends to contrast the different manners of conceiving nature and its consequences for environmental protection. So, the text seeks to assess the presence of the indigenous cosmovisions during the Earth Summit (1992), the most important summit on the topic. The research uses bibliographical research and a documental analysis of the Earth Charter of the Indigenous Peoples (a declaration of ethical principles published during the World Conference of Indigenous Peoples on Territory, Environment and Development, during the Earth Summit).Keywords: Environmental protection; Amerindian cosmovision; International law. Recebido em: 29/03/2021 | Aceito em: 05/08/2021.
O Latifúndio como Formulador de Política Externa e o Desmonte de Políticas Ambientais l The Latifundios as Foreign Policy Formulators and the Dismantling of Environmental Policies
Authors: Siebeneichler Amanda Jandrey 
Published: December 2021

A partir do processo de abertura de interlocução do Itamaraty com o Legislativo e o empresariado brasileiro, multiplicam-se o número de atores interessados na formulação de política externa brasileira. A partir de então, percebe-se uma mudança comportamental no Ministério das Relações Exteriores e uma gama de atores que passou a competir com o Itamaraty na arena do comércio exterior. Assim, fazendo uso do Modelo dos Jogos de Dois níveis proposto por Putnam, busca-se compreender qual o impacto da Bancada do Agronegócio na formulação de políticas externas ambientais no período de 2011 a 2019. Resultados preliminares apontam uma intensificação da atuação da Bancada do Agronegócio frente ao relaxamento de medidas ambientais, um processo gradual de favorecimento, apontando um desmonte de políticas ambientais em detrimento de grandes latifundiários e o aumento de iniciativas internacionais que se conectam ao agronegócio, especialmente a partir da mudança do discurso sobre meio ambiente e proteção ambiental.Palavras-chave: Política Externa; Agronegócio; Meio Ambiente.ABSTRACTFrom the process of opening the Itamaraty's dialogue with the Brazilian legislature and business community, the number of actors interested in the formulation of Brazilian foreign policy multiplies. From then on, there was a behavioral change in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and a range of actors that started to compete with Itamaraty in the foreign trade arena. Using the Two-Level Games Model proposed by Putnam, we seek to understand the impact of the Agribusiness Bench on the formulation of external environmental policies in the period from 2011 to 2019. Preliminary results point to an intensification of the performance of the Agribusiness Bench in relation to the relaxation of environmental measures, a gradual process of favoring, pointing to a dismantling of environmental policies to the detriment of large landowners and the increase in international initiatives that are connected to agribusiness, especially as a result of the change in the discourse on the environment and environmental protection.Keywords: Foreign Policy; Agroindustry; Environment. Recebido em: 31/03/2021 | Aceito em: 27/06/2021.
MEIOS AUTOCOMPOSITIVOS PARA O TRATAMENTO ADEQUADO DOS CONFLITOS: A EDUCAÇÃO COMO ESTRATÉGIA DE MUDANÇA SOCIOCULTURA
Authors: Toaldo Adriane Medianeira , Da Silva Pedro Henrique 
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo visa discutir acerca da problemática da aplicação dos meios autocompositivos para o tratamento de conflitos, em uma sociedade extremamente litigante e pautada na judicialização de seus conflitos interpessoais. Diante desta situação, propõe-se a elaboração de uma política pública capaz de implementar a solução consensual dos conflitos ainda nas séries iniciais dos ambientes escolares, de modo que seja capaz de estimular a vivência da solução consensual das controvérsias desde as primeiras interações humanas, capacitando as gerações futuras à solução adequada dos litígios pelos seus próprios meios, contribuindo para a formação de uma sociedade menos litigante e mais apta para tratar de forma adequada seus próprios conflitos, reduzindo-se o papel do Poder Judiciário àquelas situações que sejam inerentemente judiciais, tornando assim, o acesso à justiça qualificado e capaz de alcançar a ordem jurídica justa de forma tempestiva e eficaz. Para tanto, utilizando-se do método de abordagem hipotético-dedutivo e procedimento funcionalista, aborda-se ao longo do trabalho, inicialmente, o acesso à justiça, como assegurado constitucionalmente, diante da atual crise que afeta o sistema judiciário, passando-se ao advento e a análise dos métodos consensuais para o tratamento dos conflitos e a resistência que a sua aplicação prática ainda acarreta, chegando-se, por fim, a conclusão pela necessidade da implementação de uma política pública capaz de estimular os indivíduos, ainda no âmbito escolar, a desenvolverem a verdadeira cultura da paz, buscando sempre pela solução dialogada e consensual dos seus conflitos.
Care without sufficient knowledge of people with home enteral tube feeding: a qualitative study
Authors: Doosti-Irani Mehri , Goojani Farangis Heidari , Vardanjani Leila Rafiee , Noorian Kobra 
Published: December 2021

Aim: This study aimed to explore family caregivers' experiences with tube feeding at home in Iran. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted with purposefully selected family caregivers who participated in an in-depth, semi-structured, face-to-face interview. Data analysis was performed through content analysis and rigor was investigated. Results: In total, 20 caregivers were interviewed. Two main categories were found in the interview data: ‘abandoned training’ and ‘lack of knowledge of nutrition’. Participants felt abandoned and unsupported by health professionals. Participants also reported feeling that health professionals passed the training responsibility to other health professionals who did not give training. This resulted in participants feeling obligated to learn from their peers. Participants lacked knowledge about nutrition, as well as how to prepare home-made formula for feeding, the correct position for feeding and feeding times. Conclusion: Despite having a heavy and vital responsibility, participants felt that they had not been adequately trained and thus faced making errors, resulting in negative consequences for the patient and the family. Therefore, appropriate plans must be made to promote preparation for home care.
Prevalence and factors for food allergy in different populations from different regions: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Feng Hua , Xiong Xiujuan , Chen Zhuo , Xu Qunying , Zhang Zhongwei , Feng Jiangao , Wu Yongning 
Published: December 2021

Background
To determine the prevalence of food allergy (FA) and factors associated with these occurrences in different populations from different regions.

Materials and methods
The literature search will be conducted via Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Vip and Wanfang databases. Ratio rate (RR), odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) will be adopted to evaluate prevalence and factors for FA in different populations from different regions. When the heterogeneity is small (I2<50%), the fixed effect model will be analyzed, otherwise, random effects model analysis will be performed. When the heterogeneity is large (I2≥50%), Meta regression will be used to explore the sources of inter-study heterogeneity. When the heterogeneity is large (I2≥50%) and the results are statistically significant (P<0.05), subgroup analysis will be analyzed based on age, gender, race/region, literature quality and other factors. Funnel plots will be used to reflect reporting bias and the Begg’s test will be used to test the symmetry of the funnel plots. When publication bias occurs, “cut-and-fill” method will be adopted to adjust publication bias. And sensitivity analysis will be performed for all outcome indicators.

Discussion
This meta-analysis will evaluate the prevalence of FA and factors associated with these occurrences in different populations from different regions on the basis of existing evidences. Our study may be crucial to analyze similarities and differences regarding FA between different individuals from diverse regions and eventually define preventive or diagnostic approaches specifically tailored to certain populations and regions.

Systematic review registration
OSF registration number: 10.17605/OSF.IO/VQXU9
Long-term characteristics of exudative age-related macular degeneration in Japanese patients
Authors: Saito Masaaki , Iida Tomohiro , Saito Kuniharu , Kano Mariko , Itagaki Kanako , Maruko Ichiro , Sekiryu Tetsuju 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in Japanese patients over a 10-year period and to compare the past our report.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 1,600 treatment-naïve patients (1,777 eyes) with exudative AMD. The 10 years were divided into 2-year phases I to V.

Results
Of the 1,600 patients, 720 (45.0%), 733 (45.8%), 98 (6.1%), and 49 (3.1%) were diagnosed with typical AMD, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), retinal angiomatous proliferation, and combined subtypes, respectively. The prevalence of PCV decreased from 54.7% in phase I to 46.0% at phase V. Of the 1,777 eyes, the mean baseline logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution best-corrected visual acuities (BCVAs) in phases I, II, III, IV, and V were 0.70, 0.66, 0.55, 0.50, and 0.48, respectively. Phases III, IV, and V had significantly (P = 0.0012, P<0.0001, P<0.0001, respectively) better baseline VAs compared with phase I. The mean lesion sizes in phases I, II, III, IV, and V were 8.6, 6.7, 5.3, 5.7, and 5.7 Macular Photocoagulation Study disc areas, respectively. The sizes were significantly (P<0.0001 for all comparisons) smaller in phases III, IV, and V compared with phase I.

Conclusions
Although the prevalence of PCV decreased from 54.7% in phase I to 46.0% at phase V, PCV has nevertheless been highly prevalent in Japanese patients with AMD compared with Caucasian patients. The annual better baseline VAs and smaller lesion sizes over time might be related to development of treatment and better concerns about AMD.
Imputing pre-diagnosis health behaviour in cancer registry data and investigating its relationship with oesophageal cancer survival time
Authors: Fahey Paul P. , Page Andrew , Astell-Burt Thomas , Stone Glenn 
Published: December 2021

Background
As oesophageal cancer has short survival, it is likely pre-diagnosis health behaviours will have carry-over effects on post-diagnosis survival times. Cancer registry data sets do not usually contain pre-diagnosis health behaviours and so need to be augmented with data from external health surveys. A new algorithm is introduced and tested to augment cancer registries with external data when one-to-one data linkage is not available.

Methods
The algorithm is to use external health survey data to impute pre-diagnosis health behaviour for cancer patients, estimate misclassification errors in these imputed values and then fit misclassification corrected Cox regression to quantify the association between pre-diagnosis health behaviour and post-diagnosis survival. Data from US cancer registries and a US national health survey are used in testing the algorithm.

Results
It is demonstrated that the algorithm works effectively on simulated smoking data when there is no age confounding. But age confounding does exist (risk of death increases with age and most health behaviours change with age) and interferes with the performance of the algorithm. The estimate of the hazard ratio (HR) of pre-diagnosis smoking was HR = 1.32 (95% CI 0.82,2.68) with HR = 1.93 (95% CI 1.08,7.07) in the squamous cell sub-group and pre-diagnosis physical activity was protective of survival with HR = 0.25 (95% CI 0.03, 0.81). But the method failed for less common behaviours (such as heavy drinking).

Conclusions
Further improvements in the I2C2 algorithm will permit enrichment of cancer registry data through imputation of new variables with negligible risk to patient confidentiality, opening new research opportunities in cancer epidemiology.
Metode Pemetaan Pikiran Dalam Pembelajaran Sejarah Jepang: Studi Kasus Mahasiswa Bahasa dan Kebudayaan Jepang
Authors: Sakariah Dewi Saraswati 
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman mahasiswa selama pembelajaran mata kuliah Sejarah Jepang dengan menggunakan metode belajar pemetaaan pikiran (mind mapping) milik Tony Buzan. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian tindakan kelas yang subjeknya dari adalah mahasiswa Bahasa dan Kebudayaan Jepang semester 3 (kelas A dan B) dengan objek penelitian adalah kemampuan memahami mahasiswa terhadap materi Sejarah Jepang era primitif (Jomon-Yayoi-Kofun) dan era kerajaan akhir (Heian) yang menggunakan beberapa rujukan buku dengan metode pengujian dari hasil penerapan pemetaan pikiran. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan metode pembelajaran pemetaan pikiran/Mind Mapping dapat membuat mahasiswa lebih bersemangat dalam proses belajar dan memberikan hasil yang optimal dalam nilai akademisnya.
Konsentrasi Polyfenol pada Teh Hitam Celup Komersial Produksi Perkebunan Teh di Jawa Tengah
Authors: Supriyo Edy , Pudjihastuti Isti 
Published: December 2021

Teh merupakan minuman yang dihasilkan dari pucuk daun tanaman Camellia sinensis yang tumbuh di pegunungan pada ketinggian 600–2500 m dpl. Teh hitam merupakan jenis teh yang banyak dikonsumsi masyarakat Indonesia. Teh ini diproduksi dengan cara fermentasi melalui proses oksidasi enzimatis katekin oleh polifenol oksidase. Teh hitam yang dikemas dalam bentuk the celup banyak digemari konsumen. Tujuan dari penelitian ini mengetahui konsentrasi polyfenol dalam teh hitam celup komersial. Sampel teh hitam celup komersial dengan merk dagang TP, TDT, TB, TL, TD, dan TM diproduksi oleh enam perkebunan teh di Jawa Tengah yang diperoleh secara acak dari swalayan di Kota Semarang. Kandungan polyfenol pada sampel teh hitam celup dianalisa dengan menggunakan spetrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 725nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teh hitam celup komersial yang beredar di Kota Semarang telah memenuhi standard SNI 3753–2014, dengan rata-rata konsentrasi polyfenol 8,83-43,63 %b/b. Analisa Zscore menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang sangat nyata antar konsentrasi polyfenol di enam sampel teh hitam celup komersial, hal ini dimungkinkan dengan adanya standarisasi proses produksi teh hitam di berbagai industri teh di Indonesia. Dan teh hitam celup komersial TDT mempunyai konsentrasi polyfenol diatas rata-rata yaitu 43,63 % b/b. Tea is a drink produced from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant that thrives in the mountains at an altitude of 600–2500 m above sea level. Black tea is a type of tea that is widely consumed by Indonesian people. Black tea is produced by fermentation, namely the process of enzymatic oxidation of catechins by polyphenol oxidase. Black tea is produced in several packages, including as black tea bags. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of polyphenols in commercial black tea bags. Samples of commercial black tea bags with the trademarks TP, TDT, TB, TL, TD, and TM were produced by six tea plantations in Central Java which were obtained randomly from supermarkets/stores in Semarang City. The polyphenol content in black teabag samples was analyzed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 725nm. The results showed that the commercial black tea bags marketed in the Semarang City had met the standards of SNI 3753–2014, with an average polyphenol concentration of 8.83-43.63% w/w. The Zscore analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the concentrations of polyphenols in the six samples of commercial black tea bags, this may cause by the standardization of black tea production processes in various tea industries in Indonesia, but commercial black tea bags with the trademark TDT had polyphenol concentrations above the average is 43.63% w/w.
Kto dziś wierzy w wodniki? Ekologiczne inspiracje w ponowoczesnej literaturze czeskiej (przypadek Miloša Urbana)
Authors: Gawarecka Anna 
Published: December 2021

Miloš Urban, czeski prozaik, kojarzony przede wszystkim z postmodernistycznymi grami z konwencjami thrillera metafizycznego, opublikował w 2001 r. nagrodzoną prestiżową nagrodą Magnesia Litera powieść Hastrman, włączając się tym samym w nurt tak zwanej literatury zielonej. Niepokój wywołany coraz bardziej nasilającą się degradacją środowiska naturalnego północnych Czech skierował uwagę pisarza w stronę wypracowania metody twórczej, zdolnej – bez zbyt jednoznacznego pouczania czytelnika – do wskazania zagrożeń związanych z kryzysem ekologicznym. Sięgając po wzorce genologiczne dziewiętnastowiecznej powieści etnograficznej, łącząc je z elementami horroru oraz współczesnej political fiction oraz – w największej mierze – umieszczając w centrum świata przedstawionego tekstu (w funkcji narratora i protagonisty) wodnika, a zatem figurę nie tylko głęboko zakorzenioną w czeskiej pamięci kulturowej, lecz także obdarzoną dualną zwierzęco- bądź demono-ludzką charakterystyką ontologiczną, Urban uzyskał efekt swoistej etycznej nierozstrzygalności poczynań bohatera. Tytułowy hastrman działa „w słusznej – ekologicznej – sprawie”, ale by zadanie swe zrealizować, korzysta ze zbrodniczych, stricte terrorystycznych, metod. Dzięki temu powieść, zamiast formułować stanowcze odpowiedzi, stawia raczej pytania, zmuszając odbiorcę do przemyślenia własnej postawy i do zaproponowania narzędzi ocalenia stopniowo, ale nieuchronnie zanikającego tradycyjnego porządku, bazującego na harmonijnej współpracy człowieka z otaczającą go przyrodą.
The competitive factors of German enterprises in Poland
Authors: Śliwiński Rafał , Śliwińska Magdalena 
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this paper is to answer the following research questions: which factors relating to the international competitiveness of German enterprises are most important for the Polish market? Which competitiveness factors play a key role in helping enterprises from the highest developed countries conquer the market of a relatively less developed country? On the basis of a literature review, a research gap is identified, indicating there is a shortage of studies that clearly identify a group of factors that influence a company’s success on the foreign market. The gap is filled with the empirical qualitative research and the conclusions regarding the key competitiveness factors and their effective combination. Competitive strategies and factors key for their implementation are identified, presenting the factors responsible for the growth of German enterprises on the international market (Poland) and achieving market success. The set of enterprises’ competitiveness factors is established and the hierarchy those factors is presented. Although the qualitative research based on thirteen companies is not representative, the leading German enterprises provide a valuable lesson on how to successfully conquer a foreign market. The key competitiveness factors responsible for such success in the context of strategic goals, competition strategies and modern methods of competition are presented and discussed. The findings are very useful for real enterprises in internationalizing situations, where the management has to determine the competitive strategy which should lead to foreign growth and in consequence success on the international market. The study indicates what to focus on when entering the foreign market and which factors have a direct impact on the growth on the foreign market. The paper is a result of empirical research on competitiveness and provides valuable information about the set of ranked competitive factors that have a direct influence on success in a foreign market.