bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining digital trends and scientific literature: a case study on Social Determinants of COVID-19
Authors: Bettencourt-Silva J , Cullen C , Mulligan N , Di Bari A , Gleize M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Digital sources such as Internet-based search tools have created prospects for augmenting traditional public health surveillance. These can support the identification of emerging public health concerns, intervention evaluation or policy making. Social Determinants of Health(SDoH) are key factors linked to health outcomes yet they are poorly recorded and seldom used. Scientific papers have reported SDoH impacts on various outcomes yet this data has not been explored for population trend analyses. We present an analysis of our approach to combining insights mined from PubMed with online search trends.

Methods
PubMed-2019 database was used to build a knowledge graph(KG) of connected health and social concepts based on relative co-occurrences found throughout the abstracts. We then observed Google search trends for 10 SDoH concepts at the outset of the 2020 pandemic (March-May) and compared them with the previous 4 years. For concepts with increasing trends, the KG was used to identify other potentially relevant concepts. Subsequently we continued observing online trends for a further 12 months in order to examine the KG concepts' trends.

Results
Our analysis showed Food Security and Unemployment trended the highest compared to previous years. These became the seed concepts used to traverse the KG, where the top 20 relevant concepts were identified for each seed. An analysis of the 8 concepts overlapping both seeds showed 6 with increasing trends during follow-up. Correlation coefficients were computed and positive relations observed (Unemployment+Anxiety, r=.72; Distress+Food Security, r =.62). Data will be discussed.

Conclusions
Positive correlations were observed between data from a 2019 PubMed KG and online search trends during COVID-19. These preliminary results suggest value in combining these digital sources to strengthen public health systems. This is important to understand the interactions between health and social factors and identify emerging trends.

Key messages
Combining data from scientific research papers with online search trends yielded interesting results that may further complement traditional surveillance systems and clinical case ascertainment. Social determinants of health data should play an increasingly important part in complementing public health surveillance systems and in strengthening population trend analyses.
Financing the COVID-19 response
Authors: Cylus J , Karanikolos M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic posed immediate and unprecedented financial challenges to health service providers and health systems more broadly. Providers were faced with additional expenditures, not only because many COVD-19 patients required intensive and costly medical care but also because they had to secure necessary supplies and equipment, such as personal protective equipment (PPE), testing supplies and ventilators; reshape facilities to implement new hygiene and safety measures and reorganise patient pathways; and pay health professionals for high-risk and overtime work. At the same time, providers faced sharp falls in revenues due to reduction in volume of non-COVID-19 services, both because people postponed seeking care as well as due to facilities temporarily postponing non-essential care in order treat COVD-19 patients or reorganise provision in a safe way. These increases in the financing needs of the public sector occurred in the context of pandemic-associated economic decline and sharply falling public revenues precipitated by the (sometimes multiple) national lockdowns and general anxiety about engaging in normal daily activities. This presentation will provide an overview of strategies that countries have used to raise extra funds for the health system, adjust payment and purchasing systems to meet changing needs, and ensure health coverage. A brief overview of key metrics to assess resilience in the area of financing will also be provided.
Effects of covid-19 on cognitive functioning
Authors: Kovacic V , Lavtar D 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We were interested in whether the covid-19 pandemic affects cognitive functioning in addition to emotional responses. To this end, we applied four questions related to everyday activities that inevitably involve fluid cognitive abilities, e.g., problems concentrating, remembering, and switching between different mental activities. Respondents self-assessed their cognitive abilities during the covid-19 pandemic compared to the period before the pandemic on a 7-point scale (1 - much easier than before, .. 4 - the same as earlier, .. and 7 - much harder than before). The results showed that, on average, respondents estimated slightly more cognitive problems during the covid-19 pandemic period than before the pandemic (4.21, where 4 means that the respondent does not notice changes). Nearly three-quarters of the respondents(72%) did not report changes in cognitive abilities. In comparison, 7% reported improved cognitive abilities, and as many as 21% of respondents self-assessed that their cognitive abilities deteriorated during the covid-19 pandemic. There were no differences between men and women in terms of self-assessment of cognitive abilities. More significant problems with their cognitive abilities during covid-19 pandemic reported younger as compared to older respondents, students as compared to other employment groups, less educated as compared to more educated, those living alone as compared to those living in the family, those whose financial situation had deteriorated, and, as expected, those with chronic illnesses, and those who also reported depressive and mental health symptoms. The results of the survey indicate the interdependence between different demographic factors, mood and mental health problems, and self-assessed changes in cognition. Therefore, interventions to mitigate the covid-19 pandemic should include peoples' emotional response and their cognitive problems.
Seeking help by parents for care regarding the socio-emotional development of preschool children
Authors: Luo J , Raat H , Franse CB , Bannink R , Bai G , van Grieken A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Timely parental help-seeking regarding their child's socio-emotional development is associated with a lower rate and lower severity of psychosocial problems in later life. This study aimed to examine factors associated with parental help-seeking for the socio-emotional development of 3-year-old children.

Methods
Data of parents and children (n = 1507) from a community sample was analyzed. Thirteen potentially related factors were assessed at baseline at child age 2 years, and classified according to Andersen's Behavioral Model: predisposing, enabling, and need factors. Parental help-seeking and 14 formal and informal care (e.g. General practitioner, internet) used in the past 12 months were measured at follow-up at child age 3 years. Logistic regression was applied.

Results
In total, 22.6% of parents reported help-seeking for socio-emotional development of their 3-year-old child; 6.8% addressed formal care and 17.5% addressed informal care. General practitioner (2.7%) and family (12.5%) were the most frequently used formal and informal care, respectively. Among predisposing factors associated with a higher odds of parental help-seeking were child's other western background (OR = 1.66, 95%CI: 1.02-2.68) and parental age = &lt; 29 years old (OR = 1.71, 95%CI: 1.01-2.92). No associated factors were found among enabling factors. The need factors associated with a higher odds of parental help-seeking were having previous help-seeking (OR = 2.52, 95%CI: 1.83-3.48) and discussing child's socio-emotional development in the well-child visit (OR = 2.47, 95%CI: 1.73-3.53).

Conclusions
Predisposing and need factors were associated with parental help-seeking for socio-emotional development of 3-years-old child. The findings can be used to further develop support for parents accessing adequate information, prevention and anticipatory care with regard to the child's socio-emotional development.

Key messages
The study longitudinally investigated parental help-seeking for socio-emotional development of their 3-year old children in a large community sample. The study makes an important contribution to the existing literature on this topic because of its particularly young sample of 3-year-old children.
Educational level, attention problems, and externalizing behaviour in adolescence and early adulthood
Authors: Schmengler H , Peeters M , Stevens GWJM , Kunst AE , Hartman CA , Oldehinkel AJ , Vollebergh WAM 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Social causation as well as health-related selection may contribute to educational gradients in adolescents' attention problems (AP) and externalizing behaviour (EB). From past studies it is unclear which of these mechanisms predominates, as AP and EB have the potential to disrupt adolescents' educational careers, but may also be affected by differences in their social environment. Furthermore, gradients in AP and EB may reflect ‘third variables' already present in childhood, such as parental socioeconomic status (SES) and IQ. We investigated social causation and health-related selection in the development of educational differences in EB and AP.

Methods
We used data from a Dutch population-based cohort (TRAILS Study; n = 2,229), including measurements of educational level, EB, and AP at ages around 14, 16, 19, 22, and 26 years. First, we evaluated the directionality in longitudinal associations between education, EB, and AP with cross-lagged panel models, with and without adjusting for pre-existing individual differences using fixed effects. Second, we assessed the role of parental SES and IQ in childhood both as confounders in longitudinal associations, and as predictors of AP, EB, and educational level around age 14.

Results
In fixed effects models, AP, but not EB, consistently predicted decreases in educational level throughout all of adolescence and young adulthood. Regarding social causation, differences in parental SES contributed to increases in EB amongst the lower educational tracks in mid-adolescence. Childhood IQ and parental SES strongly predicted education around age 14. Parental SES, but not IQ, also predicted early adolescent AP and EB.

Conclusions
We found health-related selection attributable to AP throughout all phases of adolescence and young adulthood. Further, our results highlight the role of social causation from parental SES in determining adolescent educational level, AP, and EB.

Key messages
AP have the potential to negatively impact adolescents’ educational careers and may trigger downward mobility in the educational system in all phases of adolescence and young adulthood. The results of this study call for actions to reduce the impact of AP on education. Further, it is essential to address the effects of insufficient economic resources on education and mental health.
Effectiveness and safety analysis of home-treatment models in child and adolescent psychiatric care
Authors: Wolf S , Grössmann N , Zechmeister-Koss I 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
The Austrian child and adolescent psychiatric care landscape is characterised by substantial deficits on the intramural and extramural level. To overcome these supply shortfalls alternative outreach approaches, such as home-treatment (HT) can be introduced, which shall facilitate the reduction of hospitalisations. Thus, we aimed to systematically characterise international HT models considering their efficacy and safety in the area of child and adolescent psychiatry.

Methods
A systematic literature search in six databases, as well as an extended hand search, was conducted. Taking into account the predefined inclusion criteria, six HT studies were eligible for the qualitative synthesis; comprising two randomised controlled trials (RCTs), two non-randomised controlled trials (NRCTs) and two observational studies.

Results
The following four effectiveness measures were investigated: change in symptoms, hospitalisation, treatment satisfaction and need for further treatment. A benefit of HT models compared to stationary care could be identified considering patient symptoms, espeicially psychopathological symptoms; however, solely in the longer-term treatment. Studies have also shown that HT is associated with fewer days of hospitalisation, but with a higher need for further treatments. Inconclusive evidence was identified considering treatment satisfaction. Safety endpoints were not evaluated by any included study.

Conclusions
The results are limited by a moderate to high risk of bias due to several factors (e.g. small sample sizes, various assessment instruments). However, the evidence indicates that in long-term, HT can lead to an improvement in psychopathological symptoms and supports the transition from inpatient to outpatient care. Therefore, HT may be considered as an alternative or supplement to the stationary child and adolescent psychiatric care. However, further evidence is needed considering safety outcomes.

Key messages
In the long-term, home-treatment can lead to a bigger improvement in psychopathological symptoms for the children and adolescent compared to stationary care. Further evidence is needed especially regarding possible adverse events of home-treatment in the field of child and adolescent psychiatry.
5.A. Workshop: Transforming health and care systems - building a European Partnership under Horizon Europe
Authors:   Organised by: EUPHA-HSR,   Chair persons: Johan Hansen (EUPHA-HSR), Chiara de Waure (EUPHA-HTA)
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Health and care systems have been facing increasing challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted that improvements are urgently needed to reach high quality, efficient, accessible, health promoting, people-centred, resilient, health and care systems for all EU citizens. The workshop will be built around the preparations for a proposed EU Partnership on Transforming health and care systems as part of the new Horizon Europe Programme. In a first presentation, the Partnership will be clarified in more detail, including its main objectives to be achieved by 2030. The presentation will also share the outcomes of a consultation process among European stakeholders, among others involving decision makers and research funding bodies to identify common goals and priorities, which will feed into a Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda. Second, the work of the Expert Panel on effective ways of investing in Health (EXPH) will be presented, and in particular its Opinion on the Organisation of Resilient Health and Social Care Following the COVID-19 Pandemic. One of its main recommendations has been the need for investment in the development and implementation of health systems data collection methodologies to generate meaningful, actionable results for health system transformation. Similarly, it is important to establish corresponding learning communities within and across Member States to share lessons learned through this process. What does this mean for a future Partnership and what should be its priorities? As third presentation, the Partnership is evaluated from the context of the EU Presidency by Slovenia in the second half of 2021. What are the goals of the EU Presidency and how can a Partnership facilitate alignment with the overall EU political ambition to accelerate the transformation towards sustainable health and care systems? The last element also opens the floor to workshop participants. What health systems research pirorities are key to address from their perspectives and how would workshop audiences prefer to enhance synergies between EU and national level initiatives, including those from within the EPH conference community.

Key messages
An EU Partnership can help transform health and care systems to become more sustainable, efficient and resilient. Consultation of workshop participants is key to identify synergies at EU and national level and specific priority areas within such a Horizon Europe Partnership.
Value of integrated mandatory national surveillance data and literature reviews to inform public health policy in the child care sector
Authors: Buchholz U , Lehfeld A-S , Lindahl M , Otte im Kampe E , Lewandowsky M , Haas W 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Epidemiological properties of children have been a matter of debate during the entire duration of the SARS-CoV-2-pandemic. To inform public health policy two instruments were used that stemmed from mandatory national surveillance data as well as continuous, up-to-date literature screening. We report how these two instruments complemented each other in the first/second (before the advent of the VOC Alpha (B.1.1.7)) and the 3rd wave (dominated by VOC Alpha (B.1.1.7)) in Germany.

Methods
We monitored and analysed continuously data reported from local health departments via state health departments to the Robert Koch Institute. In addition, we reviewed peer-reviewed, pre-prints and grey literature on key epidemiological parameters in children, such as susceptibility, infectiousness and viral load.

Results
After the 1st wave in March-May 2020 the 2nd wave started in early autumn and lasted until the first weeks in 2021. The proportion of cases among 0-5 year old children stayed mostly below the corresponding population proportion, and was always lower than that of older age groups. Reported outbreaks in child care centres were small (median 4 cases). Primary cases were mainly adults. Among the cases reported from child care centre outbreaks the proportion of 0-5 year old children was only 35%. Information from the literature indicated lower susceptibility of children, lower viral load, but provided equivocal information about infectiousness. In the 3rd, B.1.1.7-dominated wave the number of outbreaks increased rapidly and exceeded the highest number in the 2nd wave. In addition, the proportion of 0-5 year old children involved in the outbreaks increased to 45%.

Conclusions
During the 1st and 2nd wave susceptibility and likely also infectiousness of 0-5 year old children was limited allowing broad opening of child care centres. In contrast, in the 3rd wave affectedness of children increased leading to recommendations to scale-up prevention efforts in child care centres.
SARS-CoV-2 infections in day care centres in Germany: social, structural, and hygiene determinants for infection among children and staff in the second and third wave of the pandemic
Authors: Neuberger F , Grgic M , Diefenbacher S , Spensberger F , Lehfeld A-S , Buchholz U , Kuger S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, German early childhood education and care (ECEC) centres organized children's attendance variably (i.e., reduced opening hours, emergency support for few children only or full close-down). Further, protection and hygiene measures like fixed children/staff groups, ventilation and surface disinfection were introduced among ECEC centres. To inform or modify public health measures in ECEC, we investigate the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infections among children and staff of ECEC centres in light of social determinants (socioeconomic status of the children) and recommended structural and hygiene measures. We focus on the question if the relevant factors differ between the 2nd (when no variant of concern (VOC) circulated) and the 3rd wave (when VOC B.1.1.7 (Alpha) predominated).

Methods
Based on panel data from a weekly online survey of ECEC centre managers (start August 2020, ongoing) including approx. 8500 centres, we estimate the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections in children and staff using random-effect-within-between (REWB) panel models for count data in both waves.

Results
Centres with a high proportion of children with low socioeconomic status (SES) have a higher risk of infections in staff and children. Strict contact restrictions between groups like fixed group assignments among children and fixed staff assignments to groups prevent infections. Both effects tend to be stronger in the 3rd wave.

Conclusions
ECEC centres with a large proportion of children from a low SES background and lack of using fixed child/staff cohorts experience higher COVID-19 rates. Centres should be supported in maintaining recommended measures over the long run. Preventive measures such as vaccination of staff should be prioritised in centres with large proportions of low SES children.
The implementation of protective and hygienic measures in day care centres in Germany
Authors: Diefenbacher S , Grgic M , Spensberger F 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, day care centres in Germany needed to implement protective and hygiene measures (e.g., care of children in fixed groups). Our research questions are: To which extent can day care centres implement protective measures in daily practice? Which difficulties and needs regarding the implementation of these measures do they report?

Methods
We draw on data from a nationwide survey (October 2020-June 2021) of approximately 3,000 centre managers in Germany. Measures are clustered in four categories: reducing (1) contact opportunities, (2) airborne transmission (where social interaction cannot be avoided), (3) contact transmission, and (4) handling (the lack of) symptoms. To analyse implementation of protective measures in daily practice, we compute indices for different contact situations based on the persons involved: contact situations between (1) staff and parents), (2) staff and children of own group, (3) staff and children of other groups, and (4) the different groups of children.

Results
Day care centres increasingly implemented protective measures during the second wave. Yet, all four categories showed room for improvement, especially reduction of contact opportunities and handling (the lack of) symptoms. Our data suggests higher implementation of protective measures in contact situations among adults compared to contact situations between staff and children. Additionally, staff report high uncertainty regarding the attendance of children with mild symptoms (e.g., head cold), difficulties regarding the parental acceptance of the new organizational rules and a need of training.

Conclusions
Implementing protective measures between staff and children is seemingly difficult, likely due to pedagogical and developmental reasons. Staff's and parents' compliance with protective measures becomes all the more important within day care settings.