bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lithium–Sulfur Battery Cathode Design: Tailoring Metal‐Based Nanostructures for Robust Polysulfide Adsorption and Catalytic Conversion
Authors: Ng Sue‐Faye , Lau Michelle Yu Ling , Ong Wee‐Jun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li‐S) batteries have a high specific energy capacity and density of 1675 mAh g−1 and 2670 Wh kg−1, respectively, rendering them among the most promising successors for lithium‐ion batteries. However, there are myriads of obstacles in the practical application and commercialization of Li‐S batteries, including the low conductivity of sulfur and its discharge products (Li2S/Li2S2), volume expansion of sulfur electrode, and the polysulfide shuttle effect. Hence, immense attention has been devoted to rectifying these issues, of which the application of metal‐based compounds (i.e., transition metal, metal phosphides, sulfides, oxides, carbides, nitrides, phosphosulfides, MXenes, hydroxides, and metal‐organic frameworks) as sulfur hosts is profiled as a fascinating strategy to hinder the polysulfide shuttle effect stemming from the polar–polar interactions between the metal compounds and polysulfides. This review encompasses the fundamental electrochemical principles of Li‐S batteries and insights into the interactions between the metal‐based compounds and the polysulfides, with emphasis on the intimate structure–activity relationship corroborated with theoretical calculations. Additionally, the integration of conductive carbon‐based materials to ameliorate the existing adsorptive abilities of the metal‐based compound is systematically discussed. Lastly, the challenges and prospects toward the smart design of catalysts for the future development of practical Li‐S batteries are presented.
Engineering Strategies for Immunomodulatory Cytokine Therapies: Challenges and Clinical Progress
Authors: Pires Ivan S. , Hammond Paula T. , Irvine Darrell J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCytokines are immunoregulatory proteins involved in many pathological states with promising potential as therapeutic agents. A diverse array of cytokines has been studied in preclinical disease models since the 1950s, some of which became successful biopharmaceutical products with the advancement of recombinant protein technology in the 1980s. However, following these early approvals, clinical translation of these natural immune signaling molecules has been limited due to their pleiotropic action in many cell types, and the fact that they have evolved to act primarily locally in tissues. These characteristics, combined with poor pharmacokinetics, have hindered the delivery of cytokines via systemic administration routes due to dose‐limiting toxicities. However, given their clinical potential and recent clinical successes in cancer immunotherapy, cytokines continue to be extensively pursued in preclinical and clinical studies, and a range of molecular and formulation engineering strategies are being applied to reduce treatment toxicity while maintaining or enhancing therapeutic efficacy. This review provides a brief background on the characteristics of cytokines and their history as clinical therapeutics, followed by a deeper discussion on the engineering strategies developed for cytokine therapies with a focus on the translational relevance of these approaches.
Beyond Tolerance Factor: Using Deep Learning for Prediction Formability of ABX3 Perovskite Structures
Authors: Fedorovskiy Alexander E. , Queloz Valentin I. E. , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDeep learning (DL) is a modern powerful instrument for multiple purposes, including classification. In this study, this technique is applied to the task of perovskites formability. A commonly known perovskite dataset is used to try to make an instrument superior to the ‘classic’ geometric approach. The authors found that the resulting models allow the finding of inaccuracies in the data and can successfully forecast perovskite formability with an accuracy of over 98% for the best case.
Tunable Doping of Rhenium and Vanadium into Transition Metal Dichalcogenides for Two‐Dimensional Electronics
Authors: Li Shisheng , Hong Jinhua , Gao Bo , Lin Yung‐Chang , Lim Hong En , Lu Xueyi , Wu Jing , Liu Song , Tateyama Yoshitaka , Sakuma Yoshiki , Tsukagoshi Kazuhito , Suenaga Kazu , Taniguchi Takaaki 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) with unique electrical properties are fascinating materials used for future electronics. However, the strong Fermi level pinning effect at the interface of TMDCs and metal electrodes always leads to high contact resistance, which seriously hinders their application in 2D electronics. One effective way to overcome this is to use metallic TMDCs or transferred metal electrodes as van der Waals (vdW) contacts. Alternatively, using highly conductive doped TMDCs will have a profound impact on the contact engineering of 2D electronics. Here, a novel chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using mixed molten salts is established for vapor–liquid–solid growth of high‐quality rhenium (Re) and vanadium (V) doped TMDC monolayers with high controllability and reproducibility. A tunable semiconductor to metal transition is observed in the Re‐ and V‐doped TMDCs. Electrical conductivity increases up to a factor of 108 in the degenerate V‐doped WS2 and WSe2. Using V‐doped WSe2 as vdW contact, the on‐state current and on/off ratio of WSe2‐based field‐effect transistors have been substantially improved (from ≈10–8 to 10–5 A; ≈104 to 108), compared to metal contacts. Future studies on lateral contacts and interconnects using doped TMDCs will pave the way for 2D integrated circuits and flexible electronics.
Au Clusters on Pd Nanosheets Selectively Switch the Pathway of Ethanol Electrooxidation: Amorphous/Crystalline Interface Matters
Authors: Lv Fan , Zhang Weiyu , Sun Mingzi , Lin Fangxu , Wu Tong , Zhou Peng , Yang Wenxiu , Gao Peng , Huang Bolong , Guo Shaojun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe development of ethanol electrooxidation catalysts with high activity and robust stability is essential for the commercialization of direct ethanol fuel cells. However, because of their low C1 selectivity, the electrocatalytic efficiency of catalysts for complete ethanol oxidation is still far from satisfying. Herein, a novel 2D PdAu heterogeneous catalyst for enhancing C1 selectivity to achieve highly efficient ethanol oxidation through phase and interphase engineering is designed. It is found that owing to the plentiful amorphous/crystalline interphases, the selectivity of C1 pathway on PdAu heterocatalyst can be improved up to 33.2% at a low potential, 10.4 times higher than commercial Pd/C (3.2%). Furthermore, 89.1% of initial mass activity of PdAu HNS can be retained after the accelerated degradation test of 2000 potential cycles, much higher than those of Pd NS (39.3%), commercial Pd/C (34.4%), and Pt/C (11.4%). The CO stripping and in situ Fourier transform infrared experiments reveal that 2D PdAu heterocatalyst, with intricate design of the amorphous Pd domain and the crystalline Au cluster interface, has better antipoisoning properties and stronger CC bond cleavage ability than pure Pd nanosheets. Density functional theory calculations further demonstrate that the introduction of Au clusters switches on the electroactivity of amorphous Pd as the electron pump to accomplish the complete oxidation of ethanol, in which the selectivity for C1 pathway is significantly boosted whereas the typical C2 pathway is substantially blocked.
Dynamical coupling of ion adsorption with fluid flow in nanopores
Authors: Zhao Teng , Qing Leying , Long Ting , Xu Xiaofei , Zhao Shuangliang , Lu Xiaohua 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo describe the commonly existing coupling between adsorption dynamics and fluid flow, a nonequilibrium molecular model is developed, upon which we systematically investigate the dynamical adsorption of ionic components from confined flows onto the charged surfaces of nanoscale pores, and find that a competition relation exists between the adsorption and flow. Promoting flow speed suppresses the adsorption amount, while enhancing adsorption strength reduces the flow speed. With the increase of flow speed, the contact density of co‐ion is enhanced while that of counterion is suppressed, leading to overall enhanced accumulation charge densities at pore surfaces. Besides, the accumulation charge density increases monotonically with the applied voltage in large pores, while displays a nontrivial relation with the applied voltage in small pores of several ion sizes. This work not only extends the theoretical framework of nonequilibrium molecular theories, but also provides novel insights into the regulation of interfacial dynamic processes.
Thermal transport and chemical conversion in single reacting sorbent particles
Authors: Yue Lindsey , Bayon Alicia , Lipiński Wojciech 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe effects of particle size and carbon dioxide concentration on chemical conversion in engineered spherical particles undergoing calcium oxide looping are investigated. Particles are thermochemically cycled in a furnace under different carbon dioxide concentrations. Changes in composition due to chemical reactions are measured using thermogravimetric analysis. Gas composition at the furnace exit is evaluated with mass spectroscopy. A numerical model of thermal transport phenomena developed previously is adapted to match the physical system investigated in the present study. The model is used to elucidate effects of reacting medium characteristics on particle temperature and reaction extent. Experimental and numerical results show that (1) an increase in particle size results in a decrease in carbonation extent, and (2) the carbonation step consists of fast and slow reaction regimes. The reaction rates in the fast and slow carbonation regimes increase with increasing carbon dioxide concentration. The effect of carbon dioxide concentration and the distinction between the fast and slow regimes become more pronounced with increasing particle size.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection‐like grasping scissor forceps resection of a pedunculated colorectal lesion with high‐grade fibrosis complicating aborted hot snare polypectomy
Authors: Zimmer Vincent , Eltze Elke 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHot snare polypectomy (HSP) remains the reference standard in endoscopic resection of pedunculated colorectal lesions. Notwithstanding, in some unique instances, such as giant Paris Ip lesions, difficult‐to‐access stalks and/or high‐grade fibrosis, alternative resection techniques might be more appropriate to ensure wide‐margin en bloc resection. In a unique 55‐year‐old patient office‐based HSP performed elsewhere was aborted during electrosurgical snaring due to intraprocedural bleeding complications. Due to marked ring‐like fibrosis at the base of the small‐stalked pedunculated lesion, we opted for an endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)‐like approach, utilizing a grasping scissor forceps device (ClutchCutter, Fuji). With a procedure time <10 min en bloc and R0 resection of a low‐grade intraepithelial neoplasia was accomplished without difficulties. To the best of our knowledge, this report is unique and altogether novel for several reasons, including abortion of preceding HSP with high‐grade fibrosis and ESD‐like grasping scissor forceps resection as an innovative endoscopic bailout in such unreported setting.
Molecular signatures of long‐distance oceanic dispersal and the colonization of Pacific islands in Lycium carolinianum
Authors: Levin Rachel A. , Miller Jill S. 
Published: April 2021

PremiseLong‐distance dispersal has been important in explaining the present distributions of many plant species. Despite being infrequent, such dispersal events have considerable evolutionary consequences, because bottlenecks during colonization can result in reduced genetic diversity. We examined the phylogeographic history of Lycium carolinianum, a widespread taxon that ranges from southeastern North America to several Pacific islands, with intraspecific diversity in sexual and mating systems.MethodsWe used Bayesian, likelihood, and coalescent approaches with nuclear and plastid sequence data and genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms to reconstruct the dispersal history of this species. We also compared patterns of genetic variation in mainland and island populations using single nucleotide polymorphisms and allelic diversity at the S‐RNase mating system gene.ResultsLycium carolinianum is monophyletic and dispersed once from the North American mainland, colonizing the Pacific islands ca. 40,100 years ago. This dispersal was accompanied by a loss of genetic diversity in SNPs and the S‐RNase locus due to a colonization bottleneck and the loss of self‐incompatibility. Additionally, we documented at least two independent transitions to gynodioecy: once following the colonization of the Hawaiian Islands and loss of self‐incompatibility, and a second time associated with polyploidy in the Yucatán region of Mexico.ConclusionsLong‐distance dispersal via fleshy, bird dispersed fruits best explains the unusually widespread distribution of L. carolinianum. The collapse of diversity at the S‐RNase locus in island populations suggests that self‐fertilization may have facilitated the subsequent colonization of Pacific islands following a single dispersal from mainland North America.
Ineffectiveness of high‐dose methotrexate for prevention of CNS relapse in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Puckrin Robert , El Darsa Haidar , Ghosh Sunita , Peters Anthea , Owen Carolyn , Stewart Douglas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCentral nervous system (CNS) relapse affects 5% of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients and portends a poor prognosis. Prophylactic intravenous high‐dose methotrexate (HD‐MTX) is frequently employed to reduce this risk, but there is limited evidence supporting this practice. We conducted a multicenter retrospective study to determine the CNS relapse risk with HD‐MTX in DLBCL patients aged 18–70 years treated in Alberta, Canada between 2012 and 2019. Provincial guidelines recommended HD‐MTX for patients at high‐risk of CNS relapse based upon CNS‐IPI score, double‐hit lymphoma, or testicular involvement. Among 906 patients with median follow‐up 35.3 months (range 0.29–105.7), CNS relapse occurred in 1.9% with CNS‐IPI 0–1, 4.9% with CNS‐IPI 2–3, and 12.2% with CNS‐IPI 4–6 (p < .001). HD‐MTX was administered to 115/326 (35.3%) high‐risk patients, of whom 96 (83.5%) had CNS‐IPI score 4–6, 45 (39.1%) had double‐hit lymphoma, and four (3.5%) had testicular lymphoma. The median number of HD‐MTX doses was two (range 1–3). Central nervous system relapse risk was similar with versus without HD‐MTX (11.2% vs. 12.2%, p = .82) and comparable to previous reports of high‐risk patients who did not receive CNS prophylaxis (10–12%). In multivariate and propensity score analyses, HD‐MTX demonstrated no association with CNS relapse, progression‐free survival, or overall survival. This study did not demonstrate a benefit of prophylactic HD‐MTX in this high‐risk patient population. Further study is required to determine the optimal strategy to prevent CNS relapse in DLBCL.
Gender differences in experience and reporting of acute symptoms among cleaning staff
Authors: Lee Soo‐Jeong , Kyung Minjung , Leung Cherry , Hong OiSaeng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundCleaning tasks pose risks of hazardous chemical exposure and adverse health effects for cleaning workers. We examined gender differences among cleaning staff in the experience of chemical‐related symptoms and in reporting to supervisors.MethodsWe analyzed cross‐sectional reports from 171 university hospital or campus cleaning staff on chemical exposures to cleaning products, experience of acute symptoms, reporting of symptoms to supervisors, as well as demographic and psychosocial factors (risk perception, job demand/control, supervisor/co‐worker support, and safety climate). Results were analized using multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for demographic, job, and psychosocial factors. Interactions of gender and psychosocial variables were also examined.ResultsMen and women reported different frequencies for exposure‐related tasks. Acute symptoms of chemical exposure were more prevalent in women compared with men (46.0% vs. 25.4%; adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.63; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27–5.46). Women were more concerned about exposure to cleaning chemicals (p = 0.029) but reported symptoms to their supervisor less often than men (18.5% vs. 40.6%, adjusted OR = 0.28; 95% CI 0.09–0.93). More supervisor support was significantly associated with less frequent symptom experience among women (OR = 0.83; 95% CI 0.70–0.99). Asian workers and less educated workers were less likely than others to report symptoms to supervisors. Gender differences in symptom reporting to supervisors were not explained by psychosocial factors.ConclusionsWomen may have increased susceptibility or perception of symptoms from cleaning compared to men, but this may be mitigated by supervisor support. Female Asian workers with lower education may perceive more significant barriers in reporting work‐related symptoms to supervisors. Further research is needed to explore factors related to underreporting.
Oral processing, sexual selection, and size variation in the circumorbital region of Colobus and Piliocolobus
Authors: Fannin Luke D. , Plavcan J. Michael , Daegling David J. , McGraw W. Scott 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe function of the browridge in primates is a subject of enduring debate. Early studies argued for a role in resisting masticatory stresses, but recent studies have suggested sexual signaling as a biological role. We tested associations between circumorbital form, diet, oral processing, and social behavior in two species of colobus monkey–the king colobus (Colobus polykomos) and western red or bay colobus (Piliocolobus badius).Materials and methodsWe quantified circumorbital size and dimorphism in a sample of 98 crania. Controlling for age and facial size, we tested whether variation in circumorbital morphology can be explained by variation in diet, oral processing behavior, masticatory muscle size, and mating system. To contextualize our results, we included a broader sample of facial dimorphism for 67 anthropoid species.ResultsGreater circumorbital thickness is unrelated to the stresses of food processing. King colobus engages in longer bouts of anterior tooth use, chews more per ingestive event, and processes a tougher diet, yet circumorbital thickness of C. polykomos is reduced compared to P. badius. Differences in circumorbital development do not vary with wear or facial size. Greater sexual dimorphism is present in P. badius; comparisons across anthropoids indicated patterns of circumorbital dimorphism were decoupled from overall size dimorphism.ConclusionsThe expanded circumorbits of male red colobus monkeys evolved in response to intense male–male competition. This hypothesis is consistent with the pattern across anthropoid primates and highlights the underappreciated role of sexual selection in shaping the primate face.
Learnings from the development of Public Sector Multi‐source Enduring Linked Data Assets
Authors: von Sanden Nick , Neideck Geoff 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) has a long history of realising value from data assets supported by our strong governance and analytical capability. Recent changes to technology, government policy and the complexity and volume of our data holdings have put increasing pressure on our existing processes for data collation, analysis and sharing/release. While the AIHW has already put in place a number of initiatives to respond to the changing demands on data, some slow response times have resulted from new developments required to meet some of the complex challenges posed by Multi‐source Enduring Linked Data Assets (MELDAs) such as the National Integrated Health Services Initiative (NIHSI). The learnings we are taking forward will provide smoother pathways for newer MELDAs such as the National Disability Data Asset. This paper outlines the new challenges faced with appropriately managing MELDAs, and the learnings of the AIHW have taken forward in realising value from this new type of data asset along with how MELDAs, such as the NIHSI, can be applied to address social policy questions in the future.
Application of the ATN classification scheme in a population without dementia: Findings from the EPAD cohort
Authors: Ingala Silvia , De Boer Casper , Masselink Larissa A , Vergari Ilaria , Lorenzini Luigi , Blennow Kaj , Chételat Gaël , Di Perri Carol , Ewers Michael , van der Flier Wiesje M , Fox Nick C , Gispert Juan Domingo , Haller Sven , Molinuevo José Luís , Muniz‐Terrera Graciela , Mutsaerts Henri JMM , Ritchie Craig W , Ritchie Karen , Schmidt Mark , Schwarz Adam J , Vermunt Lisa , Waldman Adam D , Wardlaw Joanna , Wink Alle Meije , Wolz Robin , Wottschel Viktor , Scheltens Philip , Visser Pieter Jelle , Barkhof Frederik ,   the EPAD consortium
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe classified non‐demented European Prevention of Alzheimer's Dementia (EPAD) participants through the amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration (ATN) scheme and assessed their neuropsychological and imaging profiles.Materials and methodsFrom 1500 EPAD participants, 312 were excluded. Cerebrospinal fluid cut‐offs of 1000 pg/mL for amyloid beta (Aß)1‐42 and 27 pg/mL for p‐tau181 were validated using Gaussian mixture models. Given strong correlation of p‐tau and t‐tau (R2 = 0.98, P < 0.001), neurodegeneration was defined by age‐adjusted hippocampal volume. Multinomial regressions were used to test whether neuropsychological tests and regional brain volumes could distinguish ATN stages.ResultsAge was 65 ± 7 years, with 58% females and 38% apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carriers; 57.1% were A–T–N–, 32.5% were in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum, and 10.4% suspected non‐Alzheimer's pathology. Age and cerebrovascular burden progressed with biomarker positivity (P < 0.001). Cognitive dysfunction appeared with T+. Paradoxically higher regional gray matter volumes were observed in A+T–N– compared to A–T–N– (P < 0.001).DiscussionIn non‐demented individuals along the AD continuum, p‐tau drives cognitive dysfunction. Memory and language domains are affected in the earliest stages.
Optimization of the cycle time of robotics resistance spot welding for automotive applications
Authors: Banga Harish Kumar , Kalra Parveen , Kumar Raman , Singh Sunpreet , Pruncu Catalin I. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the automobile manufacturing industry, resistance spot welding (RSW) is widely used, especially to build the car's body. The RSW is a standard and wide‐ranging joining technique in several assembling ventures, showing a wide range of possibilities for a competent procedure. Robots are commonly used for spot welding in various industrial applications. After completing assembling design, interest increases to improve the designed processes, cost‐reduction, environmental impact, and increase time productivity when all is said to be done. In this paper, the robot movement between two welding points, a path followed while spotting, gripping and payload‐carrying activities, numbers of holds, moves, and a possibility to enhance interaction between four Robots were analyzed using an offline Robot simulation software “DELMIA‐V5.” The body shop assembly line of the SML ISUZU plant has four robots that perform about 209 welding spots in 532 s. The optimal model reduced the whole welding cycle time by 68 s, and after modification and proper sequencing, a12.7% reduction in cycle time was achieved. The offline Robot simulation software “DELMIA‐V5” has good potential to produce optimal algorithms while saving precious time. It enables an organization to promote higher quality and to encourage meaningful creativity by reducing design flaws.