bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Mass X-ray binary: Classification, Formation, and Evolution
Authors: Tan Chengzhuo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A high mass X-ray binary is a binary system consisting of an accreting neutron star or black hole and an early-type star with more than 10 solar masses. A compact star produces X-ray radiation during the accretion of material from the stellar wind or Roche lobe. High-mass X-ray binaries are ideal places to study dense stars, stellar winds, material exchange between binary stars, and the evolution of massive binary stars. In this review, the observational properties, classification, and evolution of high mass X binaries are described. According to the mass and types of X-ray resources, this review classifies the X-ray binaries and list out their features.
Measurement method of black hole spin and its application in jet
Authors: Liu Silong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Spin is an important property of black holes. The formation of jet and black hole is related to spin. At present, there are two commonly used spin measurement methods, the X-ray reflection method, and the continuum-fitting method. By analyzing the distribution of black hole spin in black hole binary system measured by these two methods, we find that in high-mass X-ray binaries, black holes have high spin, this is because the companion stars have a large mass and short lifetime, the black holes don’t have enough time to accelerate the spin by accretion so must be bored with high spin. However, in low-mass X-ray binaries, the spin will be widely distributed because they have enough time to increase spin by accreting gas. And according to the existing data, we can also get the relationship between spin and jet. However, both methods are affected by the complex physics of the accretion disk, in the future, gravitational waves will become another effective tool to measure the spin of black holes.
On Surfaces Properties of Doubly Warped product Manifolds
hI×fB in generalized Robertson-Walker spacetimes
Authors: Du LingWei , Wang Jian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper concerns the properties of submanifolds of doubly warped product space. For Riemannian manifold B and interval I, we investigate some surfaces properties of doubly warped product manifolds
hI×fB, and obtain the scalar curvature for the doubly warped product space.
A Liquid drop Falling in Another Fluid: A Two-Phase Flow Phenomenon
Authors: Xia Wendi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Liquid drops exist everywhere in daily life. However, such a common phenomenon involves complex mechanisms, and therefore has never been investigated thoroughly—the achievements of the studies are limited and unsatisfactory. In this article, the phenomenon of a liquid drop falling in another immiscible fluid (mostly its settling speed) was investigated. A series of experiments, in which liquid drops emerging from a syringe falls inside a measuring cylinder filled another fluid, was performed. Fluids used in the experiment include ethanol solutions and rice bran oil; for rice bran oil, its temperature-dependent viscosity was approximated by a function, which was proved effective on other similar oils. The dependence of the settling speed of the liquid drop on the density difference between the liquid drop and the surrounding fluid, as well as on the temperature of the surrounding fluid, was measured. Finite-Element Modeling (FEM) simulations were then carried out to model these situations, and lead to results that agreed with the experiments. It also visualized the flow field and revealed more details of the two-phase flow that were not detectable by our devices. Furthermore, inspired by some previous formulae, quantitative equations were derived semi-analytically by modifying an approximate drag formula originally developed for a rigid object at moderate Reynolds numbers. The form of the modification was never introduced in any other previous works. The equations were validated by simulations under ideal conditions.
Cryogenic pre-amplifier for liquid xenon applications
Authors: Arneodo F. , Bruno G. , Conicella V. , Di Giovanni A. , Franchi G. , Manenti L. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Several liquid xenon experiments for rare event searches are using the photomultiplier Hamamatsu R11410 for scintillation light detection.

In this work, a low-noise charge pre-amplifier designed for liquid xenon applications is tested at cryogenic temperatures, in combination with this specific photomultiplier. Results will be presented and discussed.
Metamorphic Evolution of Calc-silicate Rocks at Akarui Point, Lützow-Holm Complex, East Antarctica
Authors: Amnatmetta Bowornlak , Booth John , Nantasin Prayath , Kim Yoonsup 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We report on the petrology and metamorphic history of boudined bodies of zoned calc-silicate rock, up to 1 m in width, which are enclosed in gneisses, transitional between upper amphibolite to granulite facies, at Akarui Point, Lützow-Holm Complex, East Antarctica. Zircons extracted from a closely related body of Mn-exhalative derived calc-silicates indicate that the metamorphism occurred in two separate events, at 546.6 ± 0.6 and 524.3 ± 0.6 Ma, during the Pan African Orogeny. Based on the meionite content of scapolite from different mineral zones in the calc-silicates, we derive a metamorphic history that involved a peak temperature of a minimum 810 – 820 °C, followed by a fall to 760-800 °C and then to 690-765 °C during uplift and decompression to 5.5 – 7 kbar. GAP geothermo-barometry indicates that the enclosing gneiss partially re-equilibrated during retrogression at 500-580 °C.
Literature Review: How Does Water Play a Role in Forming Land Value?
Authors: Adelina C , Gamal A , Marthanty D R 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This research synthesizes the causality of water: the supply of clean water and water-related disasters in forming the land value. Water has a significant relation to real estate. For example, the developing design at the built area will take much investment value to supply its clean water individually. Secondly, the damaged property caused by water-related disasters will make much value to invest in repairs. In other words, the considerable investment will take a role in it. This research uses a qualitative method by synthesizing literature reviews of water-related disasters, clean water supply, and property. This research found that the previous researchers correlated water-related disasters, clean water supply, or quality to property, respectively. However, no research has examined all the water’s roles to property in our knowledge. Therefore, there is a suggestion for further research to prove this research using the quantitative method to relate the water’s roles and land value.
Biocompatibility of 2D silicon nitride: interaction at the nano-bio interface
Authors: Shekaari Ashkan , Jafari Mahmoud 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDetermining potential abilities of nanostructures to induce toxicity to biological molecules is still a convoluted challenge in the realm of nanomedicine. Based on the unprecedented achievements of two-dimensional nanomaterials in nearly all areas of applied sciences particularly medicine, we carried out all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to assess the biologically important, yet unmapped issue of biocompatibility of 2D, hexagonalβ-Si3N4nanosheet via investigating its possible cross interactions with both human serum albumin (HSA) and p53 tumor suppressor. Examining the conventional MD indicators in presence and absence of the monolayer revealed that hexagonal Si3N4nanosheet weakly binds to these two proteins without inducing any important, dramatic change to their secondary structures, revealing accordingly the biological compatibility of the monolayer in case it is released as therapeutics or carriersin vivo. This finding was also broadly supported by the related time-dependent behaviors of the protein-monolayer as well as the protein-water interaction energies.
Investigation on the serrated flow behavior of bulk metallic glasses based on machine learning
Authors: Zhao M S Z , Long Z L , Peng L 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study proposed a long short-term memory (LSTM) model for predicting the serrated flow behaviors of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) under nanoindentation. A series of load-controlled nanoindentation tests were conducted on a Pd40Cu30Ni10P20 BMG. The LSTM model was introduced to establish a neural network for predicting the serrated flow at different loading rates, and was verified by the comparisons of experimental data with predictive results. Further investigation based on the predictive serrated flows under different loading rates showed that the serrations exhibit a significant self-organized critical (SOC) phenomenon at different loading rates. The SOC phenomena of the serrations under a lower loading rate were more obvious than that under a higher loading rate.
Indicators of climate risk in the UK at different levels of warming
Authors: Arnell Nigel W , Freeman Anna , Kay Alison L , Rudd Alison C , Lowe Jason A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Assessments of the impacts of climate change are typically made using climate scenarios based on assumptions about future emissions of greenhouse gases, but policymakers and climate risk communicators are increasingly asking for information on impacts at different levels of warming. This paper provides this information for a set of indicators of climate risks in the UK for levels of warming up to 4 °C above pre-industrial levels. The results show substantial increases in climate risks at 2 °C, which is often inferred in the media to be a ‘safe’ level of climate change. In a 2 °C world, the chance of a heatwave is doubled, and the frequency of heat stress affecting people, crops and animals can be increased by a factor of five. Cooling degree days more than double, wildfire danger can increase by 40%–70%, the frequency of agricultural and water resources droughts doubles in England, and flood frequency in Wales increases by 50%. At 4 °C the increases in risk are considerably greater: heatwaves occur in virtually every year. The frequency of cold weather extremes reduces, but is not eliminated, with increasing warming. The rate of change in an indicator with warming varies across the UK. For temperature-based indicators this reflects variability in current climate, but for rainfall-based indicators reflects variations in the change in climate. Most indicators show a generally linear increase in risk with level of warming (although the change in risk from now is around 2.4 times higher in a 4 °C world than a 2 °C world because of warming experienced so far). However, some indicators—particularly relating to heat extremes—show a highly non-linear increase with level of warming. The range in change in indicator at a given level of warming is primarily caused by uncertainty in the estimated regional response of to increasing forcing.
What is critical about criticality: in praise of the correlation function
Authors: Jensen Henrik Jeldtoft 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We present a brief review of power laws and correlation functions as measures of criticality and the relation between them. By comparing phenomenology from rain, brain and the forest fire model we discuss the relevant features of self-organisation to the vicinity about a critical state. We conclude that organisation to a region of extended correlations and approximate power laws may be behaviour of interest shared between the three considered systems.
Dopant network processing units: towards efficient neural network emulators with high-capacity nanoelectronic nodes
Authors: Ruiz-Euler Hans-Christian , Alegre-Ibarra Unai , van de Ven Bram , Broersma Hajo , Bobbert Peter A , van der Wiel Wilfred G 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The rapidly growing computational demands of deep neural networks require novel hardware designs. Recently, tuneable nanoelectronic devices were developed based on hopping electrons through a network of dopant atoms in silicon. These ‘dopant network processing units’ (DNPUs) are highly energy-efficient and have potentially very high throughput. By adapting the control voltages applied to its electrodes, a single DNPU can solve a variety of linearly non-separable classification problems. However, using a single device has limitations due to the implicit single-node architecture. This paper presents a promising novel approach to neural information processing by introducing DNPUs as high-capacity neurons and moving from a single to a multi-neuron framework. By implementing and testing a small multi-DNPU classifier in hardware, we show that feed-forward DNPU networks improve the performance of a single DNPU from 77% to 94% test accuracy on a binary classification task with concentric classes on a plane. Furthermore, motivated by the integration of DNPUs with memristor crossbar arrays, we study the potential of using DNPUs in combination with linear layers. We show by simulation that an MNIST classifier with only 10 DNPU nodes achieves over 96% test accuracy. Our results pave the road towards hardware neural network emulators that offer atomic-scale information processing with low latency and energy consumption.
A system design perspective on neuromorphic computer processors
Authors: Rose Garrett S , Shawkat Mst Shamim Ara , Foshie Adam Z , Murray John J , Adnan Md Musabbir 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNeuromorphic computing has become an attractive candidate for emerging computing platforms. It requires an architectural perspective, meaning the topology or hyperparameters of a neural network is key to realizing sound accuracy and performance in neural networks. However, these network architectures must be executed on some form of computer processor. For machine learning, this is often done with conventional computer processing units, graphics processor units, or some combination thereof. A neuromorphic computer processor or neuroprocessor, in the context of this paper, is a hardware system that has been designed and optimized for executing neural networks of one flavor or another. Here, we review the history of neuromorphic computing and consider various spiking neuroprocessor designs that have emerged over the years. The aim of this paper is to identify emerging trends and techniques in the design of such brain-inspired neuroprocessor computer systems.
Feasibility of remote Memory Clinics using the plan, do, study, act (PDSA) cycle
Authors: Collins Jemima T , Mohamed Biju , Bayer Antony 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Introduction
A timely diagnosis of dementia is crucial for initiating and maintaining support for people living with dementia. The coronavirus disease (COVID) pandemic temporarily halted Memory Clinics, where this is organised, and rate of dementia diagnosis has fallen. Despite increasing use of alternatives to face-to-face (F2F) consultations in other departments, it is unclear whether this is feasible within the traditional Memory Clinic model.

Aims
The main aim of this service improvement project performed during the pandemic was to explore feasibility of telephone (TC) and videoconference (VC) Memory Clinic consultations.

Methods
Consecutive patients on the Memory Clinic waiting list were telephoned and offered an initial appointment by VC or TC. Data extracted included: age, internet-enabled device ownership, reason for and choice of Memory Clinic assessment. We noted Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Blind (TC) and Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-III (VC via Attend Anywhere) scores, and feasibility of consultation.

Results
Out of 100 patients, 12 had a home assessment, moved away, been hospitalised, or died. 45, 21 and 6 preferred F2F, VC and TC assessments respectively. 16 were not contactable and offered a F2F appointment. The main reason for preferring F2F was non-ownership, or inability to use an internet-enabled device (80%). VC and TC preference reasons were unwillingness to come to hospital (59%), and convenience (41%). Attendance rate was 100% for VC and TC, but 77% for F2F. Feasibility (successful consultations) was seen in 90% (VC) and 67% (TC) patients.

Conclusion
For able and willing patients, remote Memory Consultations can be both feasible and beneficial. This has implications for future planning in dementia services.
Estimation of Dermal Exposure to Oil Spill Response and Clean-up Workers after the Deepwater Horizon Disaster
Authors: Stewart Patricia A , Gorman Ng Melanie , Cherrie John W , Jones Anna , Kwok Richard K , Blair Aaron , Engel Lawrence S , Sandler Dale P , Stenzel Mark R 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The GuLF STUDY is investigating health outcomes associated with oil spill-related chemical exposures among workers involved in the spill response and clean-up following the Deepwater Horizon disaster. Due to the lack of dermal exposure measurements, we estimated dermal exposures using a deterministic model, which we customized from a previously published model. Workers provided information on the frequency of contact with oil, tar, chemical dispersants applied to the oil spill and sea water, as well as the use of protective equipment, by job/activity/task. Professional judgment by industrial hygienists served as a source of information for other model variables. The model estimated dermal exposures to total hydrocarbons (THC), benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, xylene, n-hexane (BTEX-H), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and dispersants in GuLF DREAM units (GDUs). Arithmetic means (AMs) of THC exposure estimates across study participants ranged from &lt;0.02 to 5.50 GDUs for oil and &lt;0.02 to 142.14 GDUs for tar. Statistical differences in the estimates were observed among the AMs of the estimates for some broad groups of worker activities over time and for some time periods across the broad groups of activities. N-Hexane had ranges similar to THC for oil exposures (e.g. AMs up to 2.22 GDUs) but not for tar (up to 5.56 GDUs). Benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and xylene, in contrast, were characterized by higher exposure levels than THC for oil (AMs up to 12.77, 12.17, 17.45, and 36.77 GDUs, respectively) but lower levels than THC to tar (AMs up to 3.69, 11.65, 42.37, and 88.18 GDUs, respectively). For PAHs, the AMs were as high as 219.31 and 587.98 for oil and tar, respectively. Correlations of these seven substances to each other were high (&gt;0.9) for most of the substances in oil but were lower for some of the substances in tar. These data were linked to the study participants to allow investigation of adverse health effects that may be related to dermal exposures.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Transit Workers: Perceptions of Employer Responses and Associations with Health Factors
Authors: Rice Sean P M , Greenspan Leah S , Bauer Talya N , Rimby Jarred , Bodner Todd E , Olson Ryan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 has had a substantial impact on transit workers’ lives, especially among public-facing vehicle operators. The current project examined relationships between workers’ knowledge and perceptions of their employer’s COVID-19 safety responses, job attitudes, and health. We surveyed transit workers (N = 174) between July and August 2020 and followed up 3 months later. Fifty-seven workers responded to the follow-up survey. Surveys addressed workers’ knowledge and perceptions of their employer implementing Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-recommended COVID-19 safety responses, COVID-19 risk perceptions, job attitudes, and health factors. Employees reported knowledge of their employer implementing ~8 of 12 CDC-recommended responses. The most reported response was informational poster placements; the least reported was designating a point-person for COVID-19 concerns. Significant associations were found between knowledge of employer safety responses and lower COVID-19 risk perceptions, better job attitudes, and greater mental and global health. Operators (i.e. public-facing workers) reported worse perceptions of employer responses, and higher COVID-19 risk perceptions, work stress, and turnover intentions, compared with non-operators. A time-lagged panel model found that COVID-19 risk perceptions significantly mediated the relationship between public-facing work status and follow-up depression, anxiety, stress, and global health. Results reveal opportunities for transit authorities to broaden and better communicate their responses to emergent occupational safety and health crises.
Translanguaging Health
Authors: Brooks Emma 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article considers the complex communicative practices of contemporary consultations in a superdiverse London hospital, as staff and patients employ the breadth of their linguistic and semiotic resources to navigate health information, in an attempt to ensure mutual comprehension. Drawing on observations of antenatal appointments, I investigate how creative and flexible interaction appears to enhance patient experience, and present data which seem to extend notions of settings that can be understood to offer a translanguaging space. Yet tensions lie in the epistemological emancipation and parity that the conditions of superdiverse consultations can be seen to imply, as such circumstances may also hold the potential for situational, or clinical, consequences. Similarly, although creative repertoires appear to transcend and transform bounded notions of language, I note that their exploitation nevertheless remains contingent on the flexibility of the personal and institutional affordances available—the instigation of which ultimately rest with those in positions of authority.
CRIS: complete reconstruction of immunoglobulin V-D-J sequences from RNA-seq data
Authors: Islam Rashedul , Bilenky Misha , Weng Andrew P , Connors Joseph M , Hirst Martin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Motivation
B cells display remarkable diversity in producing B-cell receptors through recombination of immunoglobulin (Ig) V-D-J genes. Somatic hypermutation (SHM) of immunoglobulin heavy chain variable (IGHV) genes are used as a prognostic marker in B-cell malignancies. Clinically, IGHV mutation status is determined by targeted Sanger sequencing which is a resource-intensive and low-throughput procedure. Here, we describe a bioinformatic pipeline, CRIS (Complete Reconstruction of Immunoglobulin IGHV-D-J Sequences) that uses RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) datasets to reconstruct IGHV-D-J sequences and determine IGHV SHM status.

Results
CRIS extracts RNA-seq reads aligned to Ig gene loci, performs assembly of Ig transcripts and aligns the resulting contigs to reference Ig sequences to enumerate and classify SHMs in the IGHV gene sequence. CRIS improves on existing tools that infer the B-cell receptor repertoire from RNA-seq data using a portion IGHV gene segment by de novo assembly. We show that the SHM status identified by CRIS using the entire IGHV gene segment is highly concordant with clinical classification in three independent chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient cohorts.

Availability and implementation
The CRIS pipeline is available under the MIT License from https://github.com/Rashedul/CRIS.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.