bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What contextual factors account for anxiety and depressed mood in hospice family caregivers?
Authors: Tay Djin L. , Iacob Eli , Reblin Maija , Cloyes Kristin G. , Jones Miranda , Hebdon Megan C. Thomas , Mooney Kathleen , Beck Anna C. , Ellington Lee 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveEnd‐of‐life caregiving is associated with poorer mental health compared with other caregiving. The objective of this study was to examine the association between contextual characteristics and appraisal factors on family caregivers' mental health and well‐being.MethodsFamily hospice caregivers were recruited across four states using a non‐probabilistic sampling approach. This study analyzed contextual (demographic, caregiving, economic) and appraisal factors (Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey, Zarit Burden Interview) on caregivers' anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, and positive affect and well‐being (Positive Affect and Well‐being Scale). Hierarchical linear regression models were generated in SPSS version 24.ResultsData from 102 family caregivers were analyzed. On average, participants were 58.93 years of age (SD = 14.24), mostly female (72.55%), spouses/partners (51.96%), and non‐Hispanic White (78.43%). Most (75.49%) described their financial situation as comfortable or more than adequate. Younger age (B = −0.11, 95% CI = −0.18 to −0.05) and increased caregiving burden (B = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.09 to 0.27) were associated with increased anxiety, while lower perceived financial adequacy (B = −1.19, 95% CI = −2.07 to −0.32), lower social support (B = −0.04, 95% CI = −0.06 to −0.01), and increased caregiving burden (B = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.08–0.22) were associated with worsened depression. Greater social support (B = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.05–0.14) and lower caregiving burden (B = −0.19, 95% CI = −0.32 to −0.07) were associated with greater positive affect and well‐being.ConclusionsFindings suggest significant impact of contextual factors on mental health and well‐being, and support the need for holistic assessment of hospice caregivers' wellbeing and programs and policies providing social services and economic support to caregivers.
The effects of a clinic‐based weight loss program on health‐related quality of life and weight maintenance in cancer survivors: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Brown Justin C. , Giobbie‐Hurder Anita , Yung Rachel L. , Mayer Erica L. , Tolaney Sara M. , Partridge Ann H. , Ligibel Jennifer A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe Healthy Living and Eating After Cancer Trial demonstrated that a clinic‐based weight loss program reduced body weight, as compared with a waitlist control group, over 15 weeks. Here we report the impact of the weight loss intervention on health‐related quality‐of‐life outcomes at week 15, and maintenance of weight loss to week 30.MethodsThis trial randomized cancer survivors of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies (breast cancer: 76.7%) to a 15‐week group‐based weight loss program (n = 30) or a waitlist control group (n = 30). Participants were not blinded to group assignment. Participants completed a variety of health‐related quality‐of‐life outcome measures at baseline and week 15. From week 15 to week 30, participants initially randomized to the weight loss program were followed with no additional intervention, and participants initially randomized to the waitlist control group commenced the weight loss program.ResultsOver the 15 weeks, the weight loss program improved physical functioning (6.2 ± 2.9;p = 0.02;d = 0.31) and reduced insomnia symptoms (−17.1 ± 7.4;p = 0.03;d = −0.30) as measured by the EORTC QLQ‐C30, and sleep disturbance (−4.9 ± 1.6;p = 0.005;d = −0.40) as measured by PROMIS, compared to waitlist control. After a weight loss of 4.6 ± 3.9 kg, from week 15 to week 30, participants who were initially randomized to the weight loss program maintained their prior weight loss (+0.6 ± 3.5 kg) and participants who were initially randomized to the waitlist control group lost weight (−3.4 ± 2.9 kg;p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn cancer survivors with overweight or obesity, a 15‐week clinic‐based weight loss program improved health‐related quality‐of‐life outcomes and produced sustained weight loss to week 30.
Usage of Platinum Nanoparticles for Anticancer Therapy over Last Decade: A Review
Authors: Pawar Aditya Amrut , Sahoo Jyotirmayee , Verma Aakash , Lodh Abhijit , Lakkakula Jaya 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe quest for new functional nanomaterials is one of the defining purposes of nanoscience and nanotechnology. A large number of metal nanoparticles (NPs) are extensively exploited for biomedical applications. Metal NPs, in particular platinum NPs (PtNPs), possess remarkable properties that make them a potential candidate as a diagnostic or therapeutic agent. Due to potential technological interest over the last decade, PtNPs have attracted much attention in the field of anticancer research. PtNPs, when conjugated with many functionalizing agents such as polymers, ligands, drugs, peptides, and surfactants, exhibit improved targeting and reduced cytotoxic effects in various cancers. The PtNPs conjugated with folic acid, graphene oxide, and iron NPs are gained more attention due to their stability, large surface area, and reduced toxicity. To achieve this goal, PtNPs are co‐loaded with drugs or other modalities that offer an opportunity for multimodal activity in the frame of treating cancer types focusing on breast, blood, lung, ovarian, skin, liver, etc. However, a review of PtNPs’ function in diagnosis and treatment is still lacking. In this review, the effectiveness of PtNPs toward inducing and elevating death of the cancerous cells proving its delivery approaches and antitumor nature, concluding with future perspectives, are summarized.
Phosphoproteomics analysis of diabetic cardiomyopathy in aging‐accelerated mice and effects of D‐pinitol
Authors: Li Xiao‐li , Yu Fei , Fu Chun‐li , Yu Xin , Xu Mei , Cheng Mei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeThe molecular mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) development and D‐pinitol (DP) in its treatment remain unclear. The present study is to explore the underlying mechanism of DCM in an elderly diabetic mouse model and to seek the protective targets of DP by phosphoproteomics.Experimental designWe used streptozotocin to induce diabetes in SAMP8 and DP (150 mg/kg/day) intragastrically administrated to diabetic mice for 8 weeks. The heart tissues were harvested for label‐free phosphoproteomic analysis from diabetic mice. Some differentially regulated phosphorylation sites were confirmed by parallel reaction monitoring.ResultsOur results showed that 612 phosphorylation sites on 454 proteins had their phosphorylation levels significantly changed in the heart of untreated diabetic mice (DM). Of these phosphorylation sites, 216 phosphorylation sites on 182 proteins were normalized after DP treatment. We analyzed the functional signaling pathways in the heart of DP treated diabetic mice (DMT), including glucagon signaling pathway, insulin signaling pathway, mitophagy, apoptosis, and longevity regulating pathway. Two consensus motifs identified were targeted by Src and epidermal growth factor receptor between DMT and DM groups.Conclusions and clinical relevanceOur study might help to better understand the mechanism of DCM, provide novel targets for estimating the protective effects of DP.
Label‐free quantitative proteomics identifies unique proteomes of clinical isolates of the Liverpool Epidemic Strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and laboratory strain PAO1
Authors: Goodyear Mara C. , Garnier Nicole , Krieger Jonathan R. , Geddes‐McAlister Jennifer , Khursigara Cezar M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeComparative genomics and phenotypic assays have shown that antibiotic resistance profiles differ among clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and that genotype‐phenotype associations are difficult to establish for resistance phenotypes based on these comparisons alone.Experimental DesignHere, we used label‐free quantitative proteomics to compare two isolates of the Liverpool Epidemic Strain (LES) of P. aeruginosa, LESlike1 and LESB58, and the common laboratory strain P. aeruginosa PAO1 to more accurately predict functional differences between strains.ResultsOur results show that the proteomes of the LES isolates are more similar to each other than to PAO1; however, a number of differences were observed in the abundance of proteins involved in quorum sensing, virulence, and antibiotic resistance, including in the comparison of LESlike1 and LESB58. Additionally, the proteomic data revealed a higher abundance of proteins involved in polymyxin and aminoglycoside resistance in LESlike1. Minimum inhibitory concentration assays showed that LESlike1 had up to 128‐fold higher resistance to antibiotics from these classes.ConclusionsThese findings provide an example of the ability of proteomic data to complement genotypic and phenotypic studies to understand resistance in clinical isolates.Clinical RelevanceP. aeruginosa is a predominant pathogen in chronic lung infections in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). LES isolates are capable of transferring between CF patients and have been associated with increased hospital visits and antibiotic treatments.
IIB String Theory and Sequestered Inflation
Authors: Kallosh Renata , Linde Andrei , Wrase Timm , Yamada Yusuke 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe develop sequestered inflation models, where inflation occurs along flat directions in supergravity models derived from type IIB string theory. It is compactified on a orientifold with generalized fluxes and O3/O7‐planes. At Step I, we use flux potentials which 1) satisfy tadpole cancellation conditions and 2) have supersymmetric Minkowski vacua with flat direction(s). The 7 moduli are split into heavy and massless Goldstone multiplets. At Step II we add a nilpotent multiplet and uplift the flat direction(s) of the type IIB string theory to phenomenological inflationary plateau potentials: α‐attractors with 7 discrete values . Their cosmological predictions are determined by the hyperbolic geometry inherited from string theory. The masses of the heavy fields and the volume of the extra dimensions change during inflation, but this does not affect the inflationary dynamics.
Sequestered Inflation
Authors: Kallosh Renata , Linde Andrei , Wrase Timm , Yamada Yusuke 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe construct supergravity models allowing to sequester the phenomenology of inflation from the Planckian energy scale physics. The procedure consists of two steps: At Step I we study supergravity models, which might be associated with string theory or M‐theory, and have supersymmetric Minkowski vacua with flat directions. At Step II we uplift these flat directions to inflationary plateau potentials. We find certain conditions which ensure that the superheavy fields involved in the stabilization of the Minkowski vacua at Step I are completely decoupled from the inflationary phenomenology.
Studies of relative contributions of internal gravity waves and 2‐D turbulence to tropospheric and lower‐stratospheric temporal wind spectra measured by a network of VHF windprofiler radars using a decade‐long data set in Canada
Authors: Hocking Wayne K. , Dempsey Sergio , Wright Mel , Taylor Peter , Fabry Frédéric 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTropospheric and lower‐stratospheric motions at mesoscales and larger are a mixture of waves and two‐dimensional (2‐D) turbulence. Determining their relative importance is necessary, since waves are capable of coordinated systematic momentum transport accompanying the wave propagation, and associated wind forcing, in ways that 2‐D turbulence is not. This can impact weather forecasting. Using a network of ten windprofiler radars in eastern Ontario and western Quebec in Canada, plus an additional one in the Arctic, the relative roles of internal gravity (buoyancy) waves and two‐dimensional turbulence are examined at temporal scales from about 3–4 hrs to several tens of hours (horizontal spatial scales of typically one or two hundred kilometres to a few thousand kilometres), with the purpose of investigating the respective roles of these two distinct characteristic fluid motions as functions of location, season and year. The emphasis is on studies of spectral slope variability, rather than absolute spectral magnitudes, giving a perspective not previously substantially presented. In particular, we have found a frequency band in which gravity‐wave Doppler shifting produces distinctly different spectral slopes than those predicted for 2‐D turbulence, and these differences are employed to distinguish the flow fields. The network used (excluding the Arctic site) covers an area of ∼106 km2 and includes a variety of different terrains. Radial velocities have been recorded on time scales of minutes for data lengths covering durations of up to 12 years. Altitude coverage is from 1 km to typically 14 km, at 500 m resolution. Results suggest a region from ∼2 to ∼5 km altitude (deeper for some radars) where waves are weaker and 2‐D turbulence appears to be generally more significant, but where occasional bursts of gravity‐wave activity can occur, while above typically 6–8 km, gravity waves increase in significance. There are distinct site‐to‐site variations.
Computational engineering to enhance the photovoltaic by end‐capped and bridging core alterations: Empowering the future with solar energy through synergistic effect in D‐A materials
Authors: Janjua Muhammad Ramzan Saeed Ashraf , Haroon Muhammad , Hussain Riaz , Usman Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Usman , Gill Waqas Amber 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOrganic photovoltaic solar cells are being designed to offer a low energy photovoltaic (PV) solution. Optimizing the molecular backbone is one the most important technique for improving the photovoltaic characteristic of A‐D‐A type small active layer molecules. Herein, we have designed and theoretical characterized six new molecules by end‐capped and bridging core modifications of recently synthesized molecule BFHIC‐4F. Enhancement in photovoltaic, optoelectronic and physio‐chemical properties of newly designed molecules are seen by doing such modifications. Different advanced quantum chemical techniques have been employed to evaluate the performance of newly planned molecules. Large open circuit voltage and narrow band gap suggested that the designed molecules are efficient aspirants for solar cell applications. Moreover, maximum absorption capability in near‐infra‐red (NIR) region is observed for these newly designed molecules. To sum up, outcomes of all analyses advocated that the designed molecules are efficient candidates for solar cell applications.
Dephasing of Exchange‐Coupled Spins in Quantum Dots for Quantum Computing
Authors: Huang Peihao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA spin qubit in semiconductor quantum dots holds promise for quantum information processing for scalability and long coherence time. An important semiconductor qubit system is a double quantum dot trapping two electrons or holes, whose spin states encode either a singlet–triplet qubit or two single‐spin qubits coupled by exchange interaction. In this article, progress on the spin dephasing of two exchange‐coupled spins in a double quantum dot is reported. First, the schemes of two‐qubit gates and qubit encodings in gate‐defined quantum dots or donor atoms based on the exchange interaction are discussed. Then, the progress on spin dephasing of a singlet–triplet qubit or a two‐qubit gate is reported. The methods of suppressing spin dephasing are further discussed. The understanding of the spin dephasing may provide insights into the realization of high‐fidelity quantum gates for spin‐based quantum computing.
Multivariable control based on incomplete models via feedback linearization and continuous‐time derivative estimation
Authors: Rodrigues Diogo , Mesbah Ali 
Published: September 2021

AbstractModels of nonlinear dynamical systems are typically composed of unknown and known parts due to the existence of mismatch between the true nonlinear system dynamics and their models. This article presents a multivariable control strategy for nonlinear systems that deals explicitly with the existence of incomplete models in a data‐driven framework. The proposed strategy uses feedback linearization and continuous‐time estimation of the unknown derivatives to achieve satisfactory closed‐loop performance for fast sampling applications with simple tuning of design parameters in the absence of a fully known system model. It is shown that this strategy possesses useful steady‐state properties, such as elimination of steady‐state error and rejection of constant input disturbances without any integral term, and ensures exponential convergence to the setpoints. Another contribution of this article is the development of methods for quantitative analysis of the stability and performance of the control strategy in the continuous‐time case. The approach is illustrated via a simulated example of reactor control. The proposed control strategy is broadly applicable and simplifies control design significantly for a large variety of systems.
Adaptive saturated tracking control for spacecraft proximity operations via integral terminal sliding mode technique
Authors: Liu Kang , Wang Yu , Ji Haibo , Wang Shenghui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study presents a tracking control strategy for spacecraft proximity operations subjected to kinematic couplings, input saturation, modeling uncertainties, and external disturbances. First, a coupled six degrees of freedom dynamics is modeled to depict the relative motion between the pursuer and target spacecrafts. To address the input saturation problem, a dead‐zone operator‐based model is introduced. Subsequently, a finite‐time controller is proposed by exploiting the non‐singular integral terminal sliding mode method. By employing the adaptive technique, the proposed control strategy enjoys the feature that it can avoid requiring the prior knowledge of the lumped uncertainty's bounds. Using the Lyapunov theory, the designed controller is proved to guarantee that the translational and rotational tracking errors can converge to the origin within finite time. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to illustrate that the developed control scheme possesses a strong robustness, a fast convergence rate, input saturation elimination as well as chattering suppression.
Distributed asynchronous impulsive consensus of one‐sided Lipschitz nonlinear multi‐agent systems
Authors: Ma Tiedong , Zhang Zhengle , Cui Bing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article investigates the consensus problem of one‐sided Lipschitz nonlinear multi‐agent systems (MASs) with distributed asynchronous impulsive control protocol. Based on the theory of discontinuous Lyapunov stability and impulsive differential equation, some new sufficient criteria about asynchronous impulsive control are derived to guarantee the consensus of one‐sided Lipschitz nonlinear MASs. Different from the existing methods of synchronous impulsive control, the asynchronous impulsive control does not need all agents are controlled simultaneously at one impulsive instant. Compared with the traditional Lipschitz condition, the one‐sided Lipschitz nonlinear function considered in this article can obtain a wider nonlinear range. Finally, some numerical simulation examples are given to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis.
VDES R‐Mode: Vulnerability analysis and mitigation concepts
Authors: Lázaro Francisco , Raulefs Ronald , Bartz Hannes , Jerkovits Thomas 
Published: September 2021

SummaryVDES R‐Mode aims at providing a contingency maritime positioning and navigation system when the operation of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) is disrupted. However, VDES R‐Mode, similarly to GNSS, can itself also be subject to different types of attacks, such as jamming or spoofing. In this paper, we evaluate the vulnerabilities of VDES R‐Mode and discuss the effectiveness and cost of different types of countermeasures. The outcome of this cost‐benefit analysis is a recommendation to introduce authentication for the navigation messages of R‐Mode using the Timed Efficient Stream Loss‐Tolerant Authentication (TESLA) protocol.
Sensitive Detection of Protamine Based on a Yellow Emission Fluorophore
Authors: Wu Jichun , Dai Jianan , Zhao Yu , Li Jingmin , Ju Minzi , Zhang Xing , Shen Baoxing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, a novel p‐hydroxybenzylidene‐imidazolidone derivatives‐based probe CBX (abbreviation of the synthetic probe) is designed and synthesized for sensitive detection of protamine. CBX emits fluorescence at 569 nm and a large Stokes shift of 114 nm is observed. Since protamine can induce the aggregation of negatively charged CBX, the designed probe shows excellent fluorescent response to protamine. Due to stronger electrostatic interactions between heparin and protamine, protamine prefers to unite with heparin rather than the probe after the addition of heparin, so the fluorescence of CBX decreases and realizes the detection of heparin. Comparing to other reported probes, CBX shows lower background interference, better sensitivity and higher stability. Limit of detection for protamine and heparin is calculated as 0.034 and 0.028 μg mL−1, respectively. Moreover, the detection of protamine by CBX is not interfered by other glycosaminoglycans.
Thione Derivatives as Medicinally Important Compounds
Authors: Das Aparna , Ashraf Muhammad Waqar , Banik Bimal Krishna 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLike nitrogen‐containing heterocycles, sulfur‐containing heterocyclic compounds also have a lot of significant applications. These sulfur heterocycles are mainly used as a core for the synthesis of different heterocyclic compounds with various biological applications. It also occupies a huge part of natural products. In this review, we focus on the thiones‐the analogous of ketones. Syntheses of thiones as well as their applications as biologically active compounds are discussed in great detail. We have considered seven different classes of thiones such as Benzimidazole thiones, Triazole thiones, Pyrimidine thiones, Thiadiazine thiones, Thiazoline thiones, Thiazolidine thiones, and Quinazoline thiones.
Anti‐Inflammatory Nanotherapeutics by Targeting Matrix Metalloproteinases for Immunotherapy of Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Shen Kui , Sun Guodong , Chan Leung , He Lizhen , Li Xiaowei , Yang Shuxian , Wang Baocheng , Zhang Hua , Huang Jiarun , Chang Minmin , Li Zhizhong , Chen Tianfeng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNeuroinflammation is critically involved in the repair of spinal cord injury (SCI), and macrophages associated with inflammation propel the degeneration or recovery in the pathological process. Currently, efforts have been focused on obtaining efficient therapeutic anti‐inflammatory drugs to treat SCI. However, these drugs are still unable to penetrate the blood spinal cord barrier and lack the ability to target lesion areas, resulting in unsatisfactory clinical efficacy. Herein, a polymer‐based nanodrug delivery system is constructed to enhance the targeting ability. Because of increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in injured site after SCI, MMP‐responsive molecule, activated cell‐penetrating peptides (ACPP), is introduced into the biocompatible polymer PLGA‐PEI‐mPEG (PPP) to endow the nanoparticles with the ability for diseased tissue‐targeting. Meanwhile, etanercept (ET), a clinical anti‐inflammation treatment medicine, is loaded on the polymer to regulate the polarization of macrophages, and promote locomotor recovery. The results show that PPP‐ACPP nanoparticles possess satisfactory lesion targeting effects. Through inhibited consequential production of proinflammation cytokines and promoted anti‐inflammation cytokines, ET@PPP‐ACPP could decrease the percentage of M1 macrophages and increase M2 macrophages. As expected, ET@PPP‐ACPP accumulates in lesion area and achieves effective treatment of SCI; this confirmed the potential of nano‐drug loading systems in SCI immunotherapy.