bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iron Binding in an Ethylenediaminetetracetic Acid‐Based Gemini Surfactant Monolayer Film
Authors: Sowah‐Kuma David , Rehman Jeveria , Yeboah Alfred , Bu Wei , Yan Ci , Paige Matthew F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe ability of Fe3+ to bind to Langmuir monolayers of an N, N, N′, N′‐dialkyl‐N, N′‐diacetate ethylenediamine gemini surfactant has been explored. Fe3+ in the subphase resulted in the formation of compacted, liquid‐phase monolayers with a mesh‐like morphology at the micron length scale in comparison with expanded, unstructured liquid‐phase monolayers in the absence of iron. The response of the monolayer to subphase Fe3+ was different from that reported for Na+ and Ca2+ for an affiliated, shorter‐tail gemini surfactant. Combined surface potential and X‐ray reflectivity measurements indicated that Fe3+ induced minor conformational changes in the monolayer, suggesting ionic association with the head group. Direct evidence for the binding of iron was provided by total reflection X‐ray fluorescence measurements, which revealed that multiple ions were associated with each head group as opposed to chelating with 1:1 stoichiometry as observed with bulk ethylenediaminetetracetic acid. Cumulative data suggest the adsorption of Fex(OH)y(3x−y)+ complexes with the monolayer surface as has been reported with other charged and uncharged monolayers.
Direct distinction of ibuprofen and flurbiprofen enantiomers by ion mobility mass spectrometry of their ternary complexes with metal cations and cyclodextrins in the gas phase
Authors: Gu Liancheng , Wu Fangling , Yang Shutong , Xu Fuxing , Dai Xinhua , Jiang You , Fang Xiang , Yu Shaoning , Ding Chuan‐Fan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEnantiomeric drugs are widely used and play important roles in pharmaceuticals. Ion mobility spectrometry coupled with mass spectrometry technology provides a unique method for distinguishing the enantiomeric drugs, enantiomeric identification, and quantitation in the gas phase. In this study, enantiomeric molecules of ibuprofen and flurbiprofen were clearly recognized by forming host–guest complex ions using trapped ion mobility time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Ternary complex ions can be produced easily by electrospray ionization of the mixed solutions of ibuprofen, cyclodextrins, and CaCl2, LiCl, or NaCl, as well as flurbiprofen, cyclodextrins, and CaCl2. The relative contents of different chiral ibuprofens in a mixed solution were also quantitatively measured. This new method is a simple, effective, and a convenient enantioselective analysis method.
The downside of scarcity: Scarcity appeals can trigger consumer anger and brand switching intentions
Authors: Biraglia Alessandro , Usrey Bryan , Ulqinaku Aulona 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBrands often use scarcity appeals to promote sales. However, there is limited research investigating how consumers react when they are unable to obtain items that are advertised using scarcity appeals in terms of limited quantity. In two studies, experimental and correlational, we show that consumers who do not get the product associated to scarcity appeals (vs. not) have higher intentions to switch to competitor brands. This effect is mediated by consumer anger. We present theoretical contributions in research on scarcity appeals and consumer emotions (i.e., anger) and we discuss managerial implications of how scarcity appeals can sometimes backfire and lead to consumers switching to other competitor brands when they fail to obtain the product advertised as limited in quantity.
Can planning prompt be a boon for impulsive customers? Moderating roles of product category and decisional procrastination
Authors: Upadhye Bilwa , Sivakumaran Bharadhwaj , Pradhan Debasis , Lyngdoh Teidorlang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractExtant research in the Impulse Buying domain has predominantly focused on how it can be enhanced and has mostly benefitted marketers. This study, however, shifts the focus to consumers and how they can mitigate or reduce impulse buying. Drawing on Action Regulation Theory, we posit that planning prompts mitigates impulse buying; and that this mitigating effect is stronger for individuals with high (vis‐à‐vis low) decisional procrastination as also for vice (vis‐à‐vis virtue) products. Hypotheses were tested using two studies conducted in India. Study 1 (n = 200) was conducted using a vignette‐based experiment in a hypothetical scenario while Study 2 (n = 200) was a field experiment conducted on consumers in a mall setting. Our research advances knowledge with regard to mitigating avoidable impulse buying and adds to extant research on planning prompts. We also document key theoretical and managerial implications of our findings.
ATP8a1, an IFT27 binding partner, is dispensable for spermatogenesis and male fertility
Authors: Yap Yi T. , Li Yu H. , Li Wei , Banerjee Probal , Zhang Zhibing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntraflagellar transport 27 (IFT27) is a key regulator for spermiogenesis and male fertility in mice. ATP8a1, a protein involved in the translocation of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine across lipid bilayers, is the strongest binding partner of IFT27. To investigate the role of ATP8a1 in spermatogenesis and male fertility, the global Atp8a1 knockout mice were analyzed. All mutant mice were fertile, and sperm count and motility were comparable to the control mice. Examination of testis and epididymis by hematoxylin and eosin staining did not reveal major histologic defects. These observations demonstrate that ATP8a1 is not a major spermatogenesis regulator. Given that a tissue‐specific paralogue of ATP8a1, ATP8a2, is present, further studies with double‐knockout models are warranted to delineate any compensatory functions of the two proteins.
Adherence to National Comprehensive Cancer Network ALK Testing Guidelines for Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in U.S. Community Medical Centers
Authors: Bernicker Eric H. , Xiao Yan , Abraham Anup , Yang Baiyu , Croix Denise A. , Redpath Stella , Engstrom-Melnyk Julia , Shah Roma , Madala Jaya , Allen Timothy C. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines recommend biomarker testing as the first step in the management of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC). We assessed anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) testing rates and factors related to underuse in community medical systems between 2012 and 2019 to understand guideline adoption.

Methods
A retrospective observational study using a nationwide electronic health record (EHR)-derived deidentified database was conducted. Patients with aNSCLC diagnosed in community medical centers from January 2012 to May 2019 were included to describe the ALK testing trend. This cohort was further restricted to patients diagnosed after 2015 to understand factors associated with testing underuse using mixed-effects multivariable logistic regression models.

Results
Trends for increased ALK testing rates by year were observed in both NCCN guideline-eligible patients (59.5% in 2012 to 84.1% in 2019) and -ineligible patients (15.6% to 50.8%) in a cohort of 41,728 patients. Histology type and smoking status had the greatest impact on test use. Compared with patients with nonsquamous histology and no smoking history, patients with squamous histology and no smoking history (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 7.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.6–10.4), NSCLC histology not otherwise specified (NOS) with smoking history (aOR, 3.4; 95% CI, 2.8–4.2); NSCLC NOS/nonsmoker (aOR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1–3.2), and nonsquamous/smoker (aOR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3–1.7) were less likely to be tested. Factors related to underuse also included Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, stage at initial diagnosis, and demographics.

Conclusion
This analysis of real-world data shows increasing test use by year; however, one fifth of patients eligible for ALK testing still remain untested and potentially missing therapeutic options.

Implications for Practice
Advancement in treatment of lung cancer is accompanied by an increasing number of tests that should be run to determine potential therapy options for each patient. This study assessed adoption of testing recommendations for anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangements in a national database. Although test use increased over the time period studied (2012–2019), there is still room for improvement. Efforts are needed to increase test use in undertested groups, thus enabling eligible patients to benefit from novel lung cancer therapies.
Improvement of the impact resistance of natural fiber–reinforced polypropylene composites through hybridization
Authors: Várdai Róbert , Lummerstorfer Thomas , Pretschuh Claudia , Jerabek Michael , Gahleitner Markus , Bartos András , Móczó János , Anggono Juliana , Pukánszky Béla 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPolypropylene (PP) hybrid composites were prepared by the combination of natural reinforcements and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers. Wood, flax, and sugar palm fibers were used to increase stiffness and strength, while PET fibers served to improve impact resistance. Interfacial adhesion was increased by using a maleated PP (MAPP) coupling agent. The hybrid composites containing 20 wt% of the natural fibers were homogenized in a twin‐screw compounder and then injection molded into standard tensile specimens. The amount of PET fibers was changed from 0 to 40 wt% in the composites. Tensile and impact testing, acoustic emission measurements, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for the characterization of the composites as well as to follow deformation and failure processes. The results proved that the concept of using PET fibers to improve impact resistance works with all natural fibers. Local deformations, the debonding or pullout of the PET fibers, initiate the plastic deformation of the matrix, which consumes considerable energy. The fracture of PET fibers might also contribute to energy absorption. The type of natural fiber does not influence the effect; the amount of PET fibers determines fracture resistance. The improvement of interfacial adhesion by coupling increases strength and slightly improves impact resistance. The overall properties of the hybrid composites prepared are acceptable, sufficiently large stiffness and impact resistance being achieved for a large number of structural applications.
Do subjective and objective resilience measures assess unique aspects and what is their relationship to adolescent well‐being?
Authors: Sigley‐Taylor Peta , Chin Tan‐Chyuan , Vella‐Brodrick Dianne A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMeasurement of resilience is important within schools to support student mental health and well‐being. Resilience is defined as the healthy integration, adaptation, and positive functioning over time in response to the experience of adversity and challenge. This study explored the relationship between a subjective and objective measure of resilience and the respective predictability of psychophysical well‐being measures. A sample of 282 Year 10 students completed a subjective resilience measure (Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale) and psychological measures of well‐being. A subset of 76 students completed an objective measure of resilience (heart rate variability [HRV]). Correlational analyses revealed no significant relationship between the two measures and do not support the use of one measure as a proxy for the other. Hierarchical regression analyses illustrated the significant predictive quality of the subjective measure to psychophysical well‐being measures. The strongest relationships were reported with EPOCH subscales Optimism (r = 0.68), Happiness (r = 0.64), and Perseverance (r = 0.59). No significant relationships were found between the objective resilience measure and well‐being measures. With objective resilience showing no relationship to subjective resilience and well‐being, it is possible that HRV instead measures the capacity for resilience, rather than resilience. This study highlights the importance of defining resilience and the implications for measurement in adolescent students.
Inhibition of STAT3 prevents bone metastatic progression of prostate cancer in vivo
Authors: Thulin Malin Hagberg , Määttä Jorma , Linder Anna , Sterbova Simona , Ohlsson Claes , Damber Jan‐Erik , Widmark Anders , Persson Emma 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundProstate cancer (PC) metastasizes to the skeleton forming predominantly sclerotic lesions, and there is currently no cure for bone metastatic disease. The transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is implicated as a metastatic driver, but its potential as therapeutic target in bone metastasis has not been investigated. In this study, we evaluated for the first time a STAT3 inhibitor, Napabucasin, as a therapeutic option for bone metastatic PC.MethodsEffects of STAT3 inhibitors, Stattic and Napabucasin, on metastatic potential in PC cells were studied in vitro by assessment of migration capacity, self‐renewal potential, and tumorsphere formation. For evaluation of the role of STAT3 in initial skeletal establishment of PC cells as well as in progressed castration‐resistant PC (CRPC) in bone, human VCaP prostate cancer cells were inoculated in the tibia of mice which subsequently were treated with the STAT3 inhibitor Napabucasin. Bone specimens were analyzed using computed tomography (CT), immunohistochemistry, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThe small molecule STAT3 inhibitors Stattic and Napabucasin both effectively impaired metastatic potential of PC cells in vitro. Furthermore, treatment with Napabucasin prevented metastatic establishment in tibial bones in vivo and thereby also the tumor‐induced sclerotic bone response seen in vehicle‐treated VCaP xenografts. In addition, treatment with Napabucasin of established bone CRPC significantly decreased both tumor burden and tumor‐induced trabecular bone volume compared with effects seen in vehicle‐treated animals. Anti‐mitotic effects were confirmed by decreased Ki67 staining in Napabucasin‐treated xenografts compared with vehicle‐treated xenografts. Alterations of gene expression in the femoral bone marrow (BM) niche toward the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells and the myeloid lineage were demonstrated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and were further reflected by a substantial increase in the number of erythrocytes in BM of Napabucasin‐treated mice. Furthermore, a unique pattern of STAT3 phosphorylation in osteoblasts/stromal cells surrounding the areas of tumor cells was demonstrated immunohistochemically in bone xenograft models using several different PC cell lines.ConclusionInhibition of STAT3 activity disrupts the bone metastatic niche and targets both the skeletal establishment of PC and advanced bone metastatic CRPC in mice, suggesting STAT3 as a candidate for molecular targeted therapies of skeletal metastatic disease.
The prognostic nomogram including MRI for locally advanced prostate cancer treated by radical prostatectomy
Authors: Wang Yan , Wu Guangyu , Fan Liancheng , Pan Jiahua , Gong Yiming , Fei Xiaochen , Du Xinxing , Zhu Yinjie , Xue Wei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo establish the prognostic nomogram for locally advanced prostate cancer (LAPC) patients treated by radical prostatectomy (RP) based on clinical and multiparametric‐MRI (mp‐MRI) metrics.MethodsOne hundred and twenty‐one patients diagnosed with LAPC were included in this study. They were all examined by mp‐MRI within one week before surgery and treated by RP (36 with RP alone, 48 with neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NHT) and 37 with neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy (NCHT)). The biochemical progression‐free survival (bPFS) was analyzed by Kaplan–Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to determine prognostic factors that were related with bPFS. The prognostic nomogram was established by factors that were significant in multivariate analyses.ResultsThe median bPFS had significant difference in the subgroup of treatment (RP alone: 2 [0.00–5.04] vs. NHT: 9.3 [6.746–11.854] vs. NCHT: 11.17 [0.000–25.075] months [Log rank p < .001]), the subgroup of hyperintensity within prostate in DWI (negative: 15.97 [11.202–20.731] vs. positive: 5.2 [2.952–7.448] months [Log rank p < .001]) and the subgroup of pelvic lymph node metastasis (negative: 10.2 [8.404–11.996] vs. unilateral: 4.43 [0.000–11.086] vs. Bilateral: 1.83 [0.636~3.031] [Log rank p < .001]). The method of treatment (hazards ratio [HR], 0.566; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.356–0.899; p = .016), hyperintensity within prostate in DWI (HR, 2.539; 95% CI, 1.349–4.779; p = .004) and the metastasis burden of pelvic lymph node (HR, 2.492; 95% CI, 1.645–3.777; p < .001) were identified as independent predictors with significance in multivariable Cox regression analysis. The nomogram was established based on these three factors.ConclusionWe established a nomogram based on three significant prognosis factors including the neoadjuvant therapeutic schedule, hyperintensity within prostate in DWI and the metastasis burden of pelvic lymph nodes, which were associated with the clinical outcomes in LAPC patients after surgery.
Herbicide resistance management strategies: how do they compare with those for insecticides, fungicides and antibiotics?
Authors: Beckie Hugh J , Busi Roberto , Lopez‐Ruiz Francisco J , Umina Paul A 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHerbicides are the largest category of pesticides used in global agriculture, which is reflected in the rate of increase in the number of unique cases of herbicide‐resistant weed biotypes since the late 1950s. Recommended herbicide resistance management strategies and tactics have evolved over the past 50 years through cumulative research and experience and have been regularly reviewed. Nevertheless, new perspectives may be gained by viewing current recommended strategies through the lens of insecticide, fungicide, and antibiotic resistance management. What commonalities exist and what is the basis for disparate strategies? Although pesticide and antibiotic mixtures (or combinations) are generally more effective than rotations (or alternations) in mitigating or managing resistance, the latter strategy is often employed because of greater ease of implementation and other reasons. We conclude that there are more common than different strategies for mitigating or managing pesticide and antibiotic resistance. Overall, a reduction in selection pressure for resistance evolution through diverse multi‐tactic management programmes, and disruption or mitigation of the dispersal or transmission of problematic genotypes are needed to sustain the longevity of current and future mode‐of‐action products for crop and human health protection. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Dynamic event‐triggered sliding mode security control for Markovian jump systems: Learning‐based iteration optimization method
Authors: Chen Bei , Zou Yuanyuan , Niu Yugang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis work investigates the sliding mode control (SMC) of Markovian jump systems under communication constraints subject to unavailable states and deception attack. To reduce the information communication, a dynamic event‐triggered (DET) scheme is employed to regulate the transmission of measured outputs, in which the transmitted signals may be maliciously attacked. Meanwhile, a mode estimator is utilized to estimate the unavailable system mode. Then, an asynchronous static output‐feedback SMC law is co‐designed with the DET strategy, by which the influence of deception attacks can be completely accommodated and the closed‐loop systems are ensured to be stochastically ultimate bounded. Moreover, a learning‐based iteration optimization algorithm is developed to minimize the convergence domain. Finally, the numerical simulations are given to illustrate the proposed control scheme.
Power system stability in the transition to a low carbon grid: A techno‐economic perspective on challenges and opportunities
Authors: Meegahapola Lasantha , Mancarella Pierluigi , Flynn Damian , Moreno Rodrigo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIncreasing power system stability challenges are being witnessed worldwide, while transitioning toward low‐carbon grids with a high‐share of power electronic converter (PEC)‐interfaced renewable energy sources (RESs) and distributed energy resources (DERs). Concurrently, new technologies and operational strategies are being implemented or proposed to tackle these challenges. Since electricity grids are deregulated in many jurisdictions, such technologies need to be integrated within a market framework, which is often a challenge in itself due to inevitable regulatory delays in updating grid codes and market rules. It is also highly desirable to ensure that an economically feasible optimal technology mix is integrated in the power system, without imposing additional burdens on electricity consumers. This article provides a comprehensive overview of emerging power system stability challenges posed by PEC‐interfaced RES and DER, particularly related to low inertia and low system strength conditions, while also introducing new technologies that can help tackle these challenges and discussing the need for suitable techno‐economic considerations to integrate them into system and market operation. As a key point, the importance of recognizing the complexity of system services to guarantee stability in low‐carbon grids is emphasized, along with the need to carefully integrate new grid codes and market mechanisms in order to exploit the full benefits of emerging technologies in the transition toward ultra‐low carbon futures.This article is categorized under:Energy Systems Economics > Economics and PolicyEnergy Systems Analysis > Systems and InfrastructureEnergy and Development > Systems and Infrastructure
Structural Characterization of Cerium‐encapsulated Preyssler‐type Phosphotungstate: Additional Evidence of Ce(III) in the Cavity
Authors: Shitamatsu Kota , Kojima Tatsuhiro , Waddell Paul G. , Sugiarto  , Ooyama Haruka Egawa , Errington R. John , Sadakane Masahiro 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSingle‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis revealed the precise structure of a Ce‐encapsulated Preyssler‐type phosphotungstate which was first synthesized by Pope et al. Antonio et al. reported that encapsulated Ce has a 3+ oxidation state and is redox‐inactive, which is unlike other Ce‐containing phosphotungstates. Therefore, precise structural analysis about Ce position is needed. The encapsulated Ce was located in one of the side cavities, and was coordinated to one H2O molecule. The position of Ce was similar to that of Y3+ and Eu3+ in similar compounds. This result, together with the bond valence sum calculation, provides additional evidence that the oxidation state of the redox‐inactive Ce in the Preyssler‐type compound is 3+.
The Growing Gap
Authors: Cilliers Jakkie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this chapter Cilliers introduces the growing divergence in income and other indices of well-being between Africa and the Rest of the World. He touches on various aspects such as extreme poverty and Africa’s marginal role in the global economy and illustrates the challenge by comparing the divergent experiences of South Korea and Ghana in demographics and income, before moving to introduce matters relating to productivity, digitisation, agriculture and manufacturing. The chapter presents key characteristics of Africa compared to other countries and regions to 2040, defines some of the terms, introduces the International Futures forecasting platform that is used for the forecasts, and the structure of the book.