bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valuation Effects of Norway’s Board Gender-Quota Law Revisited
Authors: Eckbo B. Espen , Nygaard Knut , Thorburn Karin S. 
Published: August 2021

We highlight the complexities in estimating the valuation effects of board gender quotas by critically revisiting studies of Norway’s pioneering board gender-quota law. We use the short-run event study of Ahern and Dittmar [Ahern KR, Dittmar A (2012) The changing of the boards: The impact on firm valuation of mandated female board representation. Quart. J. Econom. 127(1):137–197] to illustrate (1) the difficulties in attributing quota-related news to specific dates, (2) the need to account for contemporaneous cross-correlation of stock returns when judging the statistical significance of event-related abnormal stock returns, and (3) the fundamental difficulty of separating quota-induced valuation effects from the influences of firm characteristics and macroeconomic events such as the financial crisis. We provide new evidence suggesting that the valuation effect of Norway’s quota law was statistically insignificant. Overall, our evidence suggests that, at the time of the Norwegian quota, the supply of qualified female director candidates was high enough to avoid the negative consequences of the quota highlighted previously in the literature. This paper was accepted by Renee Adams, finance.
More Women in Tech? Evidence from a Field Experiment Addressing Social Identity
Authors: Del Carpio Lucía , Guadalupe Maria 
Published: August 2021

We study the impact of using informational messaging aimed at encouraging women to seek a career in technology and the resulting trade-offs for organizations pursuing recruitment strategies of this kind. Our treatment, implemented through two field experiments among potential applicants to a five-month software-coding program targeted at low-income women in Peru and Mexico, counterbalances the strong male stereotype associated with a career in tech. Although our informational messages substantially increase application rates, including candidates at the top of the cognitive skill distribution, they introduce negative selection on cognitive skills, implying a higher cost of screening. Moreover, we observe selection on the noncognitive dimensions addressed with the treatment (e.g., stronger gender stereotypes and traditional norms). This points to the barriers that preclude more women from applying to tech positions, as well as the trade-offs for organizations of adopting such a strategy. This paper was accepted by Alfonso Gambardella, business strategy.
Pengaruh Penambahan Varian Ubi Jalar terhadap Sifat Organoleptik Es Krim
Authors: Baitirahman Anisa Nur , Utami Nurul Putrie 
Published: August 2021

Es krim merupakan produk olahan pangan beku yang biasa dikonsumsi sebagai makanan selingan (dessert) dengan bahan utama dalam pembuatannya seperti lemak, bahan kering tanpa lemak (BKTL), bahan pemanis, pengemulsi dan bahan penstabil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan ubi jalar terhadap sifat organoleptik es krim serta untuk mengetahui tingkat kesukaan panelis terhadap es krim ubi jalar. Perlakuan yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah perbandingan pemberian ubi jalar yang berbeda warna dengan formula sebagai berikut : B1= penambahan ubi jalar 0%, B2= penambahan ubi jalar ungu 7,5% tehadap 1000 ml susu cair, B3=penambahan ubi ungu 15% terhadap 1000 ml susu cair, B4= penambahan ubi jalar ungu 22,5% terhadap 1000 ml susu cair, B5= penambahan ubi jalar kuning 22,5% terhadap 1000 ml susu cair dan B6= penambahan ubi jalar putih 22,5% terhadap 1000 ml susu cair. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap yang dinilai oleh 22 orang panelis semi terlatih sebagai ulangan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pemberian ubi jalar sangat berpengaruh terhadap sifat organoleptik dan tingkat kesukaan panelis terhaap es krim.
Three-stage revision arthroplasty for the treatment of fungal periprosthetic joint infection: outcome analysis of a novel treatment algorithm
Authors: Baecker Hinnerk , Frieler Sven , Geßmann Jan , Pauly Stephan , Schildhauer Thomas A. , Hanusrichter Yannik 
Published: August 2021

Aims Fungal periprosthetic joint infections (fPJIs) are rare complications, constituting only 1% of all PJIs. Neither a uniform definition for fPJI has been established, nor a standardized treatment regimen. Compared to bacterial PJI, there is little evidence for fPJI in the literature with divergent results. Hence, we implemented a novel treatment algorithm based on three-stage revision arthroplasty, with local and systemic antifungal therapy to optimize treatment for fPJI. Methods From 2015 to 2018, a total of 18 patients with fPJI were included in a prospective, single-centre study (DKRS-ID 00020409). The diagnosis of PJI is based on the European Bone and Joint Infection Society definition of periprosthetic joint infections. The baseline parameters (age, sex, and BMI) and additional data (previous surgeries, pathogen spectrum, and Charlson Comorbidity Index) were recorded. A therapy protocol with three-stage revision, including a scheduled spacer exchange, was implemented. Systemic antifungal medication was administered throughout the entire treatment period and continued for six months after reimplantation. A minimum follow-up of 24 months was defined. Results Eradication of infection was achieved in 16 out of 18 patients (88.8%), with a mean follow-up of 35 months (25 to 54). Mixed bacterial and fungal infections were present in seven cases (39%). The interval period, defined as the period of time from explantation to reimplantation, was 119 days (55 to 202). In five patients, a salvage procedure was performed (three cementless modular knee arthrodesis, and two Girdlestone procedures). Conclusion Therapy for fPJI is complex, with low cure rates according to the literature. No uniform treatment recommendations presently exist for fPJI. Three-stage revision arthroplasty with prolonged systemic antifungal therapy showed promising results. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(8):671–678.
Variations in Physico-Mechanical Properties of Lonchocarpus sericeus (Poir), a Lesser-Used Species in West Africa
Authors: Aguda Lawrence Olanipekun , Olufemi Babatola , Ajayi Babatunde , Adejoba Olajide Rasaq , Ojo Adedeji Robert , Olajide Bernard , Angurwa Gloria Titi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study investigates the properties of Lonchocarpus sericeus to determine its potential use for timber. Three matured trees of L. sericeus were selected from a forest located in Longe Village, Oluyole Local Government Area in Oyo State, Nigeria. Discs from the harvested trees were collected at the base (10%), middle (50%), and top (90%) and further partitioned into inner wood, center wood, and outer wood. An investigation was carried out to characterize the wood age, density, shrinkage, impact strength, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, compressive, and shear strength. The ages were 28, 29 and 32 years. The mean wood density at 12 percent moisture content was 836.63 kg/m3, which shows that it belongs to the high-density wood category. The mean shrinkage values in the radial, tangential, and longitudinal directions were 2.50, 3.99, and 0.78 percent respectively; the volumetric shrinkage was 6.36 percent. These shrinkage values were indicative of good dimensional stability. The mean impact bending strength, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, maximum shear strength parallel to grain, and maximum compression strength parallel to the grain were 24.14, 114.18, 11,276, 12.76, and 47.16 N/mm2, respectively. End-use assessments suggest that the wood species can be used in similar applications as well-known timbers. The study found L. sericeus to be very dense with high strength in comparison to well-known timbers. It was observed that the mechanical properties of the species decrease from the base to the top and also increase from the outer wood to the core wood.
Broadband chirped mirrors with a porous top layer for smooth group delay dispersion
Authors: Melnikas Simas , Ramalis Lukas , Kičas Simonas , Tolenis Tomas 
Published: August 2021

The effectiveness of ultrashort pulse compression depends on the coatings group delay dispersion (GDD) characteristics in chirped mirror (CM)-based optical systems. Current porous-layer-based CMs with low GDD oscillations are limited to less than half optical octave spectral bandwidth and the stability of their spectral parameters is still unknown. In order to address these limitations, a broadband CM (covering 400 nm bandwidth) with a porous top layer was deposited and spectral parameters were measured at different environmental conditions. The modeled refractive index of the porous layer varied by approximately 1% due to the changes in humidity. Deposited coatings exhibited low sensitivity of GDD oscillations to deposition errors of porous layer and humidity in the surrounding environment.
PDM-16QAM transmission of 135  GBaud enabled by 120  GSa/s DAC and Tomlinson–Harashima pre-coding
Authors: Huang Guoxiu , Nakashima Hisao , Hoshida Takeshi 
Published: August 2021

We experimentally verified that Tomlinson–Harashima (TH) pre-coding for an optical coherent system can enhance the speed of polarization division multiplexing (PDM) 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signal to be higher than 135 GBaud with 120 GSa/s digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and electrical/optical/electrical bandwidth of the system narrower than 57 GHz at

−
30

d
B

. The improvement of achievable capacity based on the received SNR in optical back-to-back conditions could be obviously observed by comparing the PDM-16QAM signal with and without TH pre-coding. The normalized generalized mutual information of the 135 GBaud PDM-16QAM signal for 120 km standard single mode fiber transmission was much higher than the threshold of error-free operation of a 5/6 code rate of digital video broadcasting satellite second generation low-density parity check forward error correction. To the best of our knowledge, the ratio of the symbol rate to the DAC sampling rate (135 GBaud over 120 GSa/s) is the highest ever reported for DAC-based optical coherent systems. The reachable distance of a 140 GBaud PDM-16QAM signal can be predicted to be approximately 100 km, even with the imperfect timing recovery operation.
Childhood neurodevelopmental markers and risk of premature mortality: Follow-up to age 60–65 years in the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s study
Authors: Warrilow Adele , Der Geoff , Cooper Sally-Ann , Minnis Helen , Pell Jill P. 
Published: August 2021

Background
Individual neurodevelopmental disorders are associated with premature mortality. Little is known about the association between multiple neurodevelopmental markers and premature mortality at a population level. The ESSENCE (Early Symptomatic Syndromes Eliciting Neurodevelopmental Clinical Examinations) approach considers multiple neurodevelopmental parameters, assessing several markers in parallel that cluster, rather than considering individual diagnostic categories in isolation.

Objectives
To determine whether childhood neurodevelopmental markers, including reduced intellectual functioning, are associated with all-cause premature mortality.

Methods and procedures
In a general population cohort study (n = 12,150) with longitudinal follow up from childhood to middle age, Cox proportional hazard models were used to study the associations between childhood neurodevelopmental markers (Rutter B scale and IQ) and premature all-cause mortality.

Outcomes and results
The cognitive measures and 21 of the 26 Rutter B items were significantly associated with premature mortality in bivariate analyses with hazard ratios from 1.24 (95% CI 1.05–1.47) to 2.25 (95% CI 1.78–2.90). In the final adjusted model, neurodevelopmental markers suggestive of several domains including hyperactivity, conduct problems and intellectual impairment were positively associated with premature mortality and improved prediction of premature mortality.

Conclusions
A wide range of neurodevelopmental markers, including childhood IQ, were found to predict premature mortality in a large general population cohort with longitudinal follow up to 60–65 years of age.

Implications
These findings highlight the importance of a holistic assessment of children with neurodevelopmental markers that addresses a range of neurodevelopmental conditions. Our findings could open the door to a shift in child public mental health focus, where multiple and/or cumulative markers of neurodevelopmental conditions alert clinicians to the need for early intervention. This could lead to a reduction in the risk of broad health outcomes at a population level.
Maternal-focused interventions to improve infant growth and nutritional status in low-middle income countries: A systematic review of reviews
Authors: von Salmuth Victoria , Brennan Eilise , Kerac Marko , McGrath Marie , Frison Severine , Lelijveld Natasha 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundSmall and nutritionally at-risk infants under 6 months (<6m) are a vulnerable group at increased risk of mortality, morbidity, poor growth and sub-optimal development. Current national and international (World Health Organization) management guidelines focus mainly on infants’ needs, yet growing evidence suggests that maternal factors also influence infant outcomes. We aimed to inform future guidelines by exploring the impacts of maternal-focused interventions on infant feeding and growth.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of reviews published since 2008 (PROSPERO, register number CRD 42019141724). We explored five databases and a wide variety of maternal-focused interventions based in low- and middle-income countries. Infant outcomes of interest included anthropometric status, birthweight, infant mortality, breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices. Given heterogenous interventions, we present a narrative synthesis of the extracted data.ResultsWe included a total of 55 systematic reviews. Numerous maternal interventions were effective in improving infant growth or feeding outcomes. These included breastfeeding promotion, education, support and counselling interventions. Maternal mental health, while under-researched, showed potential to positively impact infant growth. There was also some evidence for a positive impact of: women’s empowerment, m-health technologies, conditional cash transfers, water, sanitation and hygiene and agricultural interventions. Effectiveness was increased when implemented as part of a multi-sectoral program. Antenatal supplementation with macronutrient, multiple micronutrients, Vitamin D, zinc, iron folic acid and possibly calcium, iodine and B12 in deficient women, improved birth outcomes. In contrast, evidence for postnatal supplementation was limited as was evidence directly focusing on small and nutritionally at-risk infants; most reviews focused on the prevention of growth faltering.ConclusionOur findings suggest sufficient evidence to justify greater inclusion of mothers in more holistic packages of care for small and nutritionally at-risk infants aged <6m. Context specific approaches are likely needed to support mother-infant dyads and ensure infants survive and thrive.
Cost-effectiveness of uterine balloon tamponade devices in managing atonic post-partum hemorrhage at public health facilities in India
Authors: Joshi Beena Nitin , Shetty Siddesh Sitaram , Moray Kusum Venkobrao , Sachin Oshima , Chaurasia Himanshu 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivePost-partum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading direct cause of maternal mortality in India. Uterine balloon tamponade (UBT) is recommended for atonic PPH cases not responding to uterotonics. This study assessed cost-effectiveness of three UBT devices used in Indian public health settings.MethodsA decision tree model was built to assess cost-effectiveness of Bakri-UBT and low-cost ESM-UBT alternatives as compared to the recommended standard of care i.e. condom-UBT intervention. A hypothetical annual cohort of women eligible for UBT intervention after experiencing atonic PPH in Indian public health facilities were evaluated for associated costs and outcomes over life-time horizon using a disaggregated societal perspective. Costs by undertaking primary costing and clinical parameters from published literature were used. Incremental cost per Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) averted, number of surgeries and maternal deaths with the interventions were estimated. An India specific willingness to pay threshold of INR 24,211 (USD 375) was used to evaluate cost-effectiveness. Detailed sensitivity analysis and expected value of information analysis was undertaken.ResultsESM-UBT at base-case Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) of INR -2,412 (USD 37) per DALY averted is a cost-saving intervention i.e. is less expensive and more effective as compared to condom-UBT. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis however shows an error probability of 0.36, indicating a degree of uncertainty around model results. Bakri-UBT at an ICER value of INR -126,219 (USD -1,957) per DALY averted incurs higher incremental societal costs and is less effective as compared to condom-UBT. Hence, Bakri-UBT is not cost-effective.ConclusionFor atonic PPH management in India, condom-UBT offers better value as compared to Bakri-UBT. Given the limited clinical effectiveness evidence and uncertainty in sensitivity analysis, cost-saving result for ESM-UBT must be considered with caution. Future research may focus on generating high quality comparative clinical evidence for UBT devices to facilitate policy decision making.
BASE NACIONAL COMUM CURRICULAR E REFORMA DO ENSINO MÉDIO EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA
Authors: Malanchen Julia , Trindade Debora Cristine , Johann Rafaela Cristina 
Published: August 2021

Este estudo tem como fundamentação a perspectiva dialética e materialista da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica, delineando as concepções de homem, educação e currículo como bases teóricas para as análises desenvolvidas ao longo do texto. Nessa direção, os objetivos dessa proposta são: analisar os fundamentos teóricos da Base Nacional Comum Curricular da Educação Básica – BNCC (BRASIL, 2017 e 2018a) e, concomitantemente, compreender os interesses políticos que direcionam a Reforma do Ensino Médio aprovada em 2018 (BRASIL, 2018b). Na continuidade, este trabalho dedica-se a desvelar a ideologia e os interesses que perpassam a formulação de uma BNCC alicerçada na Pedagogia das Competências, a qual tem como principais patrocinadores diversos grupos do sistema privado. Para compreender essa articulação, foram analisados os documentos oficiais divulgados pelo governo federal, bem como a produção científica referente ao tema da reforma e BNCC apresentada em livros, artigos, dissertações e teses. Essas análises levaram à hipótese de que a formação proferida aos indivíduos a partir da atual reforma e BNCC mostra-se mais como adestramento de habilidades e esvaziamento de conteúdos, distante, portanto, de objetivar a formação integral dos indivíduos. Desse modo, destacamos durante este trabalho alguns elementos que estão sendo encaminhados para as escolas, enquanto políticas de implementação da nova BNCC e da Reforma do Ensino Médio em tempos de pandemia e ensino remoto. Com efeito, discutimos a definição da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica sobre a formação de indivíduos, refletindo sobre a necessidade de uma organização curricular que caminhe em rumos completamente opostos ao proposto nos documentos oficiais.
Pathogenicity of Philippine and Indonesian Trypanosoma evansi Isolates in Mice and Their Responses to Trypanocides
Authors: Dargantes Alan P , Wardhana April Hari , Abella Jose Alexander C , Sequito Milkesidick R , Reid Simon A , Copeman Douglas Bruce , Dargantes K AT 
Published: August 2021

Pathogenicity of 10 isolates of <em>T. evansi</em> collected from Mindanao, Philippines, and one isolate from East Java, Indonesia was determined and compared. The susceptibility of these isolates against diminazene aceturate, melarsomine dihydrochloride, suramin and quinapyramine sulphate/chloride was also tested. Twenty-five mice were infected intraperitoneally with each isolate and 20 were treated with the 4 drugs (5 mice/drug) while 5 infected and 7 uninfected mice served as infected-untreated and uninfected controls, respectively. Treatment was carried out 24 hours post-infection and parasitemia was monitored for 35 days. Mice infected with Philippine isolates significantly died earlier (5-11 days) than those infected with the Indonesian isolate (14-16 days). The prepatent period for Philippine isolates (3-8 days) was significantly shorter than the Indonesian strain (11-13 days). Trypanosomes were not observed in the blood of mice infected with any of the Philippine isolates when treated with quinapyramine sulphate/chloride, melarsomine dihydrochloride or suramin. Two of 10 mice infected with either C4 or A9 Philippine isolates and treated with diminazene aceturate had parasitemia on days 29 and 31, respectively. It is concluded that isolates of <em>T. evansi</em> from Mindanao, Philippines, are more pathogenic than the isolate from East Java, Indonesia. This study also indicated that quinapyramine sulphate/chloride, melarsomine dihydrochloride and suramin are effective against these <em>T. evansi</em> isolates from Mindanao, Philippines and East Java, Indonesia, while two of the Mindanao isolates are resistant to diminazene. This information is valuable in the enhancement of the control strategy against surra in the Philippines and Indonesia.
Living Hadith in the Bari'an Ritual of Sidodadi Society
Authors: Purwaningsih Sri , Taufiq Thiyas Tono , Faiq Muhammad 
Published: August 2021

This research is conducted to comprehend the typology of living Hadith in Indonesia based on the ritual-based Hadith in Sidoadi’s society. The ritual-based Hadith called Bari’an ritual. the Sidodadi's people have been trying to preserve the Bari'an ritual. This ritual is related to a major change in the history of the Dudak village, which is now called Sidodadi. This study focuses on how the views of the Sidodadi's people on the Bari'an ritual, the ritual forms of Bari'an in Sidodadi, the meanings of the present Bari'an rituals, and its relevance to the values of the Hadith. This is a socio-cultural study with a phenomenological analysis approach. The problem is answered based on qualitative data with the technique of interpretation of emic and ethics. With such emic and ethical interpretation techniques, it can be seen that the forms of the Bari'an ritual in Sidodadi historically have shifted including its motive, meaning, as well as values. The shift is caused by a transformation of the beliefs of Sidodadi's people from Islam 'Kejawen' (Javanese Islam) filled with myths, superstition, and sesaji, turned into Popular Islam filled with values of Hadith.