bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pro‐atherogenic blood flow and shear patterns acutely induce the release of CD62E+ and CD31+/CD42b− endothelial microparticles in humans
Authors: Jenkins Nathan T , Padilla Jaume , Boyle Leryn , Credeur Daniel P , Laughlin M. Harold , Fadel Paul J 
Published: June 2021

A large body of evidence links decreased and/or oscillatory blood flow and shear to the development of a pro‐atherogenic vascular endothelial phenotype. However, additional human studies are needed to provide more definitive support for this link, as most of the available data come from in vitro experiments and rodent models. To address this, a 220 mmHg occlusion cuff was placed on the forearm of 10 men to induce a localized region of proatherogenic blood flow and shear patterns in the proximal vasculature for 20 min. We hypothesized that this maneuver would induce endothelial activation and apoptosis, as indicated by increases in local concentrations of CD62E+ and CD31+/CD42− bendothelial microparticles (EMPs), respectively. Distal cuff occlusion induced reductions in mean blood flow, mean shear and antegrade shear, and increases in retrograde flow, retrograde shear, and oscillatory shear stress. Relative to baseline, CD62E+ EMPs increased by ~3 fold at 10 min and ~4 fold at 20 min in the experimental arm (P < 0.05). CD31+/CD42b− EMP concentrations were elevated by ~9 fold at the 20 min time point (P < 0.05). There were no changes in EMPs in the contralateral arm, exposed to normal resting blood flow. These data support the hypothesis that pro‐atherogenic blood flow and shear patterns acutely induce endothelial activation and apoptosis in humans.Grants: T32‐AR048523, R01‐HL093167, AHA 11POST5080002.
Oxidative stress level mediates the inotropic effects of alcohol on the heart
Authors: AlRubaiee Mustafa , Umoh Nsini , Jeffress Miara , Walker Robin , Cousins Valerie , Haddad Georges E 
Published: June 2021

Alcohol has deleterious as well as beneficial cardiac effects depending on the exposure level, length and frequency. Binge drinking can be associated with significant cardiac dysfunction depending on the amount of alcohol consumption. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the role of acute alcohol‐induced oxidative stress in altering cardiac function in vivo. Anesthetized adult rats were infused with (% w/v) low (LA: 0.023%), moderate (MA: 0.115%) or high (HA: 0.461%) alcohol levels through the jugular vein while measuring the pressure‐‐volume loop with a conductance catheter apically inserted in the left ventricle. Isolated cardiocytes were used for oxidative stress assays. LA increases ESPVR at a maintained EDV and SV and reduced oxidative stress, whereas MA and HA did not affect ESPVR but increased EDV, SV and oxidative stress. Furthermore, LA reduced stroke work and PVA whereas MA and HA increased these energy parameters. Interestingly, MA and HA increased cardiac compliance. We conclude that acute MA or HA increases cardiac compliance with oxidative stress at an elevated energy cost, whereas LA has the opposite effect. This seemingly compensatory compliance response could be outweighed by cardiac overwork in chronic alcohol leading to dilated alcoholic cardiomyopathy.This work was supported in part by grants NIH/NIAAA/1R15AAA019816–01A1 and 2G12 RR003048 RCMI/NCRR/NIH.
Anti‐parstatin promotes angiogenesis and ameliorates left ventricular dysfunction during pressure overload
Authors: Givvimani Srikanth , Narayanan Nithya , Pushpakumar Sathnur Basappa , Tyagi Suresh C. 
Published: June 2021

Parstatin, novel protease activated receptor‐1 (PAR‐1) derived peptide is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. We and others have reported that imbalance between angiogenic growth factors and anti‐angiogenic factors results in transition from compensatory cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure in a pressure overload condition. Though cardioprotective role of parstatin was shown previously in ischemic cardiac injury, its role in pressure overload cardiac injury is yet to unveil. We hypothesize that supplementing anti‐parstatin antibody during pressure overload condition augments angiogenesis and ameliorate left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure. To verify this, we created ascending aortic banding in mice to mimic pressure overload condition and then treated mice with anti‐parstatin antibody. Left ventricular function was assessed by echocardiography and pressure‐volume loop study. Angiogenic growth factors and anti‐angiogenic factors along with MMP‐2,‐9 were evaluated by western blot and immunohistochemistry.Resultsour results showed an improved left ventricular function in anti‐parstatin treated aortic banding hearts compared to their corresponding wild type controls. Expression of angiogenic growth factor, VEGF, MMP‐2 and CD31 expression was increased in treated aortic banding hearts compared to their corresponding wild type controls. Our results suggest that treating pressure overload mice with anti‐parstatin antibody augments angiogenesis and ameliorates left ventricular dysfunction.
Metabolic effects of polydextrose, lactitol and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron in rats fed with high‐fat diet
Authors: Herzig Karl‐Heinz , Olli Kaisa , Madetoja Mari , Tiihonen Kirsti 
Published: June 2021

Polydextrose (PDX) and lactitol enhance satiety and influence postprandial glucose and lipid levels. Furthermore, low levels of Bacteroidetes are associated with increased BMI. We investigated the supplementation of PDX, lactitol and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron on metabolic parameter in rats on high‐fat diet. Hundred male rats were fed a high fat (42%) diet for two weeks. Rats, allocated into four groups, were administered orally 2 ml saline containing B. thetaiotaomicron (1010bacteria/day) with or without addition of PDX or lactitol (2 g/day), or saline alone for 8 days. Postprandial blood samples were collected at 0, 1, 3, 5 and 8 h for the determination of triglycerides (TG), glucose, insulin, gastrointestinal peptides and caecal material collected. B. thetaiotaomicron supplementation alone did not have any significant effect on body weight gain, but when administered together with lactitol or PDX, there was a significant decline in mean body weight. TG were decreased by the combination of B. thetaiotaomicron and lactitol or B. thetaiotaomicron and PDX. Plasma insulin levels were lower in all test groups. Caecal branched SCFAs and SCFAs were significantly decreased in both lactitol and PDX‐treated groups, while there were no significant changes in these parameters in rats receiving B. thetaiotaomicron alone. Both lactitol and PDX in combination with B. thetaiotaomicron significantly decreased the dry matter, while heat values were increased in the B. thetaiotaomicron‐fed rats.ConclusionOur results suggest that B. thetaiotaomicron has only minor effects on body weight, whereas polydextrose and lactitol may be useful in weight management and attenuating post‐prandial TG.
Effects of binge drinking on brain blood flow
Authors: Serrador Jorge M , Tosto Jenna , Tzeng Shieak 
Published: June 2021

Ethanol intoxication, especially binge drinking is a major risk factor for both ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke. Compared with non–binge drinkers, the risk of stroke doubles within one hour of consuming alcohol even after adjusting for average alcohol consumption, age, and gender. Despite these epidemiological associations the mechanisms have yet to be defined. We tested the hypothesis that binge drinking impairs cerebrovascular reactivity to blood pressure and carbon dioxide.Eight subjects were recruited to undergo a binge drinking protocol wherein ethanol (0.8 g/kg) were consumed within one hour (~6 standard drinks for an 80 kg subject). Heart rate, blood pressure, middle cerebral artery blood velocity, and end‐tidal PCO2 were measured during cerebrovascular reactivity testing at baseline and at peak intoxication. To assess regulation of cerebral blood flow subjects performed a sit to stand maneuver.During the protocol breath alcohol concentration increased to ~0.053±0.010 %Alcohol. Peak breath alcohol concentration was associated with a significant increase in mean arterial pressure (81±9.2 vs. 86±10 mmHg) and attenuated blood pressure decrease when standing (−19±1 vs. −17±1 mmHg). In contract there was a reduction in the Autoregulatory index (4.4±0.4 vs 3.5±0.5, p=0.004) associated with a greater decrease in cerebral blood flow (−11±2 vs. −15±2 %). However, CO2 reactivity remained unchanged.These pilot data suggest that binge drinking impairs the regulation of cerebral blood flow against transient reductions in blood pressure but does not alter vascular reactivity to CO2. Future work is needed to determine how long this impairment persists.
AMPK regulates contraction‐induced glucose uptake in situ but not ex vivo
Authors: Fentz Joachim , Pehmøller Christian , Treebak Jonas Thue , Kjoebsted Rasmus , Viollet Benoit , Wojtaszewski Jørgen 
Published: June 2021

The use of transgenic models studying the role of 5′AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) in contraction‐induced glucose uptake (CTGU) has led to inconclusive results. Drawbacks of using less appropriate models displaying incomplete abrogation of AMPKα catalytic activity may explain these differences. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a total lack of both AMPK α1 and α2 catalytic subunits abolishes CTGU in muscle under ex vivo and in situ conditions.We generated a skeletal muscle specific AMPK‐α1 and‐α2 double knock‐out (dKO) mouse model. Electrical stimulation was applied directly to the muscle (ex vivo, 10 min (either 1 or 2 second trains/15 seconds)) or to the sciatic nerve (in situ, 15 min (1 train/second) +30 min recovery) to stimulate contraction. Muscle glucose uptake was measured using radioactively labeled isotopes. Ex vivo CTGU in AMPKα WT and dKO soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles was similar between genotypes. Equal force production was registered under all of the above conditions. Contrary to the ex vivo data, the CTGU in situ was impaired by ~50% in the tibialis anterior, soleus and EDL muscles of AMPKα dKO mice compared to WT mice (p<0.05). Basal non stimulated glucose uptake was similar between genotypes, both ex vivo and in situ.The results suggest that AMPK's role in CTGU may be modulated by a factor(s) related to muscle perfusion and/or stimulation methodology.
The genetic association of polymorphism rs2383207 in chromosomal locus 9p21, with coronary artery disease
Authors: Rizk Nasser , Arzemohmmed Fazeela Dadbakhsh , Ebrahim Samah Ebrahim , El‐Menyar Ayman Ahmed 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe 9p21.3 locus was associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between rs2383207 in chromosomal locus 9p21 with coronary artery disease based on positive angiographic findings [case group] compared with subjects without angiographic lesions [control group] in Arab subjects.MethodsBlood was drawn from a total of 176 patients and 210 control subjects. Genotyping of rs2383207 was performed by the 5’ nuclease assay using TaqMan assay.ResultsThe studied SNP was in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. CAD patients had significantly higher frequency of hypertension, higher glucose, CK‐MB and troponin level than controls. The frequency distribution of the genotype (rs2383207, G>;A) revealed that (64.4%), (54.3%), had GG and (32.1%), (37.9%) had GA, and (3.5%), (7.8%) had AA among CAD and control group, respectively with P value=0.137. The carriers of G allele of rs2383207 variant had a significant association with the risk of getting CAD, and the odds ratio “OR” and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 1.53 (1.16–2.24) times among CAD patients, with p value =0.04. To estimate the size of this association, the carriers of GG vs. GA+AA genotype of rs2383207 had the odds ratio and 95% CI of getting CAD with lesion (1.5, 1.1–2.9, p value=0.032).ConclusionOur finding confirmed a strong association of the rs2383207 in 9p21.3 locus with CAD in Arab populations.
Metabolic profile Assessment in offspring of wistar rats treated during pregnancy and lactation with sodium selenite
Authors: Kluck George Eduardo Gabriel , Melo Roberto Laureano , Império Güínever Eustáquio , Reis Luís Carlos , Cortes Wellington Silva 
Published: June 2021

The essential micronutrient selenium has been linked to property exhibiting insulin‐mimetic effects in metabolism. On the other hand, some studies shows that selenium supplementation at high doses can increase the incidence risk of diabetes. Thereby, due to an inverse correlation between the serum selenium concentration and the progressing gestational period, the objective here was evaluating offspring metabolism of female Wistar rats treated during pregnancy and lactation with sodium selenite. For this purpose, two groups (n=6 each and ~ 250g) of female Wistar rats were underwent to the following treatments: isotonic saline or sodium selenite (1mg/kg, p.o). Our results indicate that treated group, after weaning, had higher expression of type 2 deiodinase in brown adipose tissue than control. Moreover, the programmed offspring had higher milk intake and had an increased lipid oxidation. Therefore, we conclude that selenium supplementation during pregnancy and lactation alters offspring metabolic profile. In this context, we conjecture that possible selenium induced insulin resistance in offspring can be caused by thyroid hormones genomic and non genomic actions.Support: FAPERJ & CNPq.
Preconditioning of cardiac stem cells by electrical stimulation induces cytoprotection against oxidative stress through release of connective tissue growth factor by miR‐378 downregulation
Authors: Kim Sun Wook , Kim Ha Won , Huang Wei , Wang Yigang , Ashraf Muhammad 
Published: June 2021

Survival of stem cells following transplantation in the infarcted myocardium is a critical issue for the cell‐based therapy and preconditioning (PC) of stem cells is a method for cytoprotection. In this study, we investigated the cytoprotective effect of PC with electrical stimulation (EleS) on cardiac stem cells (CSCs) survival. Sca‐1+ CSCs were isolated from male C57BL6 mice hearts. PC of CSCs with EleS (EleSCSCs) was carried out for 3 h at 1.5 V followed by exposure to H2O2. Cytoprotective effects and cell adhesion ability were significantly increased by EleS as evaluated by TUNEL, lactate dehyrogenase release assay and adhesion assay as well as Sry gene analysis in vivo. EleS increased phosphorylation of AKT, FAK and GSK3β, and decreased pro‐apoptotic protein caspase‐3 cleavage. Pretreatment with Wortmannin, a PI3K inhibitor, and FAK inhibitor‐14 abolished the pro‐survival effects of EleS. Importantly, we found that connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf) is a key determinant for EleS‐induced CSC survival and adhesion. Furthermore, we identified miR‐378 is a potential negative regulator for Ctgf expression in EleSCSCs.In conclusion, EleS enhanced CSC survival in vitro and in vivo through AKT/FAK/CTGF/miR‐378 signaling cascade, being suggested as a novel preconditioining strategy.This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grant, [HL087246 to M.A.].
The metabolic fate of anthocyanins in humans
Authors: de Ferrars Rachel Margaret , Cassidy Aedin , Curtis Peter , Raheem Kalowole Saki , Zhang Qingzhi , Kay Colin D. 
Published: June 2021

High intakes of anthocyanins (ACN) have been linked to decreased cardiovascular disease risk. However, due to their apparent low bioavailability, it has been postulated that phenolic degradation products of ACNs may be responsible for their bioactivity. We examined the metabolic fate of ACNs following a single dose and short‐term (12 wk) exposure to an elderberry extract, to establish the differential effects of acute v short‐term exposure on metabolism. Biological samples from a 12 wk intervention study (n=15 postmenopausal women, 500 mg/day elderberry ACNs) were analysed for ACN metabolites using HPLC‐MS/MS. 29 metabolites were identified in urine (12 ACN and 17 phenolic metabolites) and 21 in plasma (4 ACN and 17 phenolic metabolites). ACNs reached concentrations of 0.55±0.05 μM/mM creatinine in urine after 3h and 0.034 μM in plasma after 2h. The phenolic degradation products and their metabolites reached concentrations of 31.15±2.37 μM/mM creatinine in urine after 3h and 1.24 μM in plasma after 2h. The profile of metabolites was not significantly different after 12 wks of intake. These results indicate that ACNs are extensively metabolised in vivo, with little suggestion of plasma accumulation following repeated exposure. The reported bioactivity of ACN most likely relates to the high concentrations of circulating phenolic metabolites. Research support: Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia.Grant Funding Source: Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia.
EPA promotes fatty acid storage and thermogenic capacity in primary differentiated mouse subcutaneous adipocytes
Authors: Zhao Ming , Chen Xiaoli 
Published: June 2021

Adipose tissue dysfunction has been associated with lipid dysregulation and insulin resistance. Compared with visceral fat, subcutaneous adipose tissue has been recently emerged as a lipid storage and thermogenic depot, playing a beneficial role in lipid homeostasis and insulin resistance. N‐3 PUFAs are known to have a role against hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance. Herein, we determined if EPA promotes beneficial metabolic activities of subcutaneous adipocytes. Primary stromal‐vascular (SV) cells isolated from mouse inguinal adipose tissue were cultured and induced to differentiate into adipocytes. EPA was added to SV cell culture during differentiation. On day 8 of differentiation, glucose metabolism, fatty acid storage, and thermogenic capacity were assessed. When compared to controls, EPA‐treated subcutaneous adipocytes had increased levels of basal glucose uptake and GLUT4 mRNA expression, but decreased glucose and lactate levels in the cultured media, suggesting decreased glycolysis. To assess fatty acid storage capacity, lipolysis, fatty acid uptake, and TAG synthesis were determined. We observed that EPA‐treated adipocytes had significantly decreased glycerol release and downregulation of HSL and ATGL gene expression, while markedly increased expression of genes involved in fatty acid uptake, CD36 and TAG synthesis, GPAT1 and GPAT3. Moreover, EPA treatment led to a significant increase in the expression of thermogenic genes including PGC1α, COXiv, UCP1, UCP2 and UCP3 as well as adiponectin expression. We conclude that EPA enhances fatty acid storage and energy dissipation capacity in subcutaneous adipocytes, contributing in part to its metabolic benefits.Grant Funding Source: NIH
Gut microbiota biofilm disruptions by Giardia: Pathology in human enterocytes and germ‐free mice
Authors: Beatty Jennifer , Akierman Sarah , Rioux Kevin , Beck Paul , McKnight Webb , Feener Troy , Wallace John , Buret Andre 
Published: June 2021

Giardia duodenalis may cause post‐infectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome (PI‐IBS). Mechanisms underlying PI‐IBS are unknown, but disruptions in the intestinal microbiota of IBS patients are documented. The intestinal microflora exists as biofilms, and we hypothesized that disruptions in these communities may lead to PIIBS.AimTo study effects of Giardia on the species, and pathogenic profile of microflora biofilms.MethodsMicrobiota from human colonic mucosal biospies were cultivated as biofilms, and assessed in CaCo2 monolayers and germ‐free (GF) mice.ResultsGiardia alters species profiles in microflora biofilms, and promotes planktonic growth via exopolysaccharide breakdown. Monolayers exposed to Giardia‐treated biofilms showed altered occludin and TLR‐4 expression, and apoptosis. GF mice humanized with Giardia‐treated biofilms show mucosal granulomas and increased mast cell tryptase.ConclusionGiardia disrupts human microbiota biofilms, which disturb epithelial integrity and TLR‐4 expression, and cause intestinal pathophysiology in GF mice. The data illustrate novel pathways employed by pathogens that may lead to PI‐IBS. Supported by NSERC.
Photo assisted 24‐hour dietary recalls in adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Ptomey Lauren Taylor , Herrmann Stephen , Lee Jaehoon , Sullivan Debra , Donnelly Joseph 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVEDietary assessment of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) is challenging due to their limited cognitive abilities. The objective of this study was to determine if photo‐assisted 24‐hour dietary recalls improve the assessment of energy and macronutrient intake in adults with IDD.METHODSParticipants used a tablet computer to take photos of all food and beverages consumed before a standard dietary recall. After a standard multiple‐pass 24‐hour diet recall was conducted the photos were reviewed with the participant and differences were recorded. The standard recall and the photo‐assisted recall were entered separately into Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR) and compared using mixed modeling.RESULTS30 eating occasions were entered from 10 participants (50% female; mean age 31.0 ± 12.3 years). Participants captured photos for 62% ± 28% of all recorded eating occasions. The photo‐assisted recalls reported greater energy intake per eating occasion than the standard recalls (543.9 ± 227.7 kcals vs. 352.5 ± 277.7 kcals, p=0.005) and a greater intake of fat (0=0.021) protein (p=0.012) and carbohydrates (p=0.006).CONCLUSIONPhoto‐assisted 24‐ hour recalls provided a significant increase in total calories and macronutrient content compared to a standard 24‐hour recall and may improve the dietary assessment of adults with IDD.Grant Funding Source: NIH: DK083539
1 The use of an ad libitum higher‐protein, low‐glycemic index diet in overweight children: the Diogenes Study
Authors: Astrup Arne , Damsgaard Camilla T , Papadaki Angeliki , Jensen Signe M , Dalskov Stine‐Mathilde , Hlavaty Petr , Saris Wim H.M. , Martinez J. Alfredo , Handjieva‐Darlenska Teodora , Rohr‐Andersen Malene , Stender Steen , Larsen Thomas M , Mølgaard Christian , Michaelsen Kim F 
Published: June 2021

Effect of higher‐protein, low GI diet on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors was studied in 253 children (5–18 yrs) of overweight/obese parents. Families were randomized to 1 of 5 ad lib diets for 6 months: high protein (HP) or low protein (LP) with either high GI (HGI) or low GI (LGI); or control. In 6 centres children received dietetic instruction, in 2 centres diet adherence was ensured by free provision of all foods at study shops. Measurements conducted month 0, 1 and 6. Dietary protein content was slightly higher in HP than LP (20.7±0.7 vs 17.9±0.7E%, P=0.004), with greater difference at shop centres (25.1±1.2 and 17.0±1.1 E%, P<0.001). GI was reduced by 3.5 points in LGI vs HGI (P<0.001). HP produced 2.6 cm (P=0.007) greater reduction in waist circumference and 0.25 mmol/L (P=0.003) lower serum LDL cholesterol than LP. In the supermarket centres HP resulted in reduction in BMI z‐scores (P=0.01), waist circumference (3.5 cm, P=0.003), diastolic blood pressure (0.8 mmHg, P=0.007), MAP (0.7 mmHg, P=0.008), insulin (P=0.02), HOMA‐IR (P=0.02) and HDL cholesterol (P=0.04) vs LP. Increased protein intake improved cardiovascular markers in high‐risk children, particularly with most intensive intervention.EU FOOD‐CT‐2005–513946/ www.diogenes‐eu.org