bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiscale modelling of lubrication between rough surfaces: Application to gas lubrication
Authors: Brunetière Noël , Francisco Arthur 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCalculating the flow of a film of lubricant between rough surfaces by solving the Reynolds equation requires a very fine mesh to capture the details of the topography and is thus very time consuming. In the present paper, a multiscale method is proposed. The domain is divided into an appropriate number of subdomains on which deterministic simulations are performed. The results of this microscale solution are coupled at the macroscale by employing a macromesh on which a mass flow balance is implemented. This method has already been successfully applied to liquid lubrication and is extended to gas lubrication. A significant reduction in computation time is obtained compared to a fully deterministic solution. The calculation of the load is also accurate.
Synthesis of Biologically Decomposable Terpolymer Nanocapsules and Higher‐Order Nanoassemblies Using RCMP‐PISA
Authors: Sarkar Jit , Lim Ying Faye , Goto Atsushi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTerpolymers are used to generate bio‐decomposable self‐assemblies. PEG‐PVL‐PGMA terpolymers are synthesized via a combination of organocatalyzed living radical polymerization (RCMP) with polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA), generating vesicle, multicompartment micelle (MCM), and core‐compartmentalized worm (CCW), where PEG, PVL, and PGMA are poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether, poly(δ‐valerolactone), and poly(glycidyl methacrylate) and PGMA is grown during the PISA. MCM and CCW are uniquely obtainable using terpolymers. The PVL segment is biodegradable, and the obtained assemblies are bio‐decomposable. Heavy metal‐free and sulfur‐free synthesis and bio‐decomposability of the assemblies are attractive features.
Impact of caloric prescriptions and degree of malnutrition on incidence of refeeding syndrome and clinical outcomes in patients with eating disorders: A retrospective review
Authors: Schlapfer Leslie , Fujimoto Akane , Gettis Margaret 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundFor individuals with eating disorders (EDs), medical stabilization is paramount for restoration of body weight. Careful nutritional rehabilitation minimizes risk of refeeding syndrome. Study's purpose: describe clinical outcomes of pediatric/adolescent patients with EDs treated with lower calorie (<1300 kcals/day, n = 137), higher calorie (≥1400 kcals/day, n = 154) diets.MethodsRetrospective chart reviews conducted for patients with known/suspected EDs. Inclusion: patients ages 12–21 years with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS), atypical anorexia nervosa (AtAN). Exclusion: patients with other EDs, co‐morbid medical conditions. Demographic information, length of stay, anthropometrics, prior weight loss were recorded. Malnutrition classifications based on: %mBMI, BMI z‐score, prior weight loss percentage. Laboratory data, electrolyte supplementations were collected. Initial calorie intake/calorie intake day 7 were recorded.ResultsNo significant differences in age, admit weight, BMI, BMI z‐score, %mBMI at admission, weight gain between the two groups. Six (4.4%) patients in lower calorie group, 4 (2.6%) in higher calorie group met criteria for severe refeeding syndrome based on ASPEN consensus recommendations (P = .52). Higher calorie group length of stay was significantly shorter than lower calorie group (P = .006). Shorter length of stay associated with increased calorie intake (P < .001), greater %mBMI (P < .001). Higher calorie prescriptions were not associated with different rates of hypomagnesia (P = 1) and hypokalemia (P = .34). There was significant increase in rate of hypophosphatemia in the lower calorie group versus the higher calorie group.ConclusionHigher calorie diets were associated with decreased length of stay without impacting risk of refeeding syndrome.
Skeletal muscle radiodensity and cancer outcomes: A scoping review of the literature
Authors: Scopel Poltronieri Taiara , de Paula Nathália Silva , Chaves Gabriela Villaça 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPatients with cancer are more prone to experience myosteatosis than healthy individuals. The aim of this review was to summarize the methodologies applied for low skeletal muscle radiodensity (SMD) assessment in oncology patients, as well as to describe the major findings related to SMD and cancer outcomes. This scoping review included studies that were published until November 2020 in English, Portuguese, or Spanish; were performed in humans diagnosed with cancer, adult and/or elderly, of both sexes; investigated SMD through computed tomography of the region between the third and fifth lumbar vertebrae, considering at least two muscular groups; and evaluated clinical and/or surgical outcomes. Eighty‐eight studies met the inclusion criteria (n = 37,583 patients). Survival was the most evaluated outcome. Most studies reported a significant association between low SMD and unfavorable outcomes. However, this relationship was not clear for survival, antineoplastic treatment, and surgical complications, potentially because of the unstandardized approaches for the assessment of SMD and inadequate study design. Future studies should address these issues to provide an in‐depth understanding of the clinical relevance of SMD in cancer outcomes as well as how SMD is influenced by individuals and tumor‐related characteristics in patients with cancer.
An improved exponential stability analysis method for discrete‐time systems with a time‐varying delay
Authors: Li Xu , Wang Rui , Du Shengli , Li Te 
Published: November 2021

AbstractExponential stability analysis of discrete‐time nonlinear systems with a time‐varying delay is concerned in this article. The main contribution of this article lies in proposing an improved stability analysis method called a delay‐mode‐based functional method. The improved method is presented by weakening a condition in the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional method. With the help of the new method, less conservative exponential stability criteria of discrete‐time linear systems with a time‐varying delay are obtained and two classical examples are given to show that the delay‐mode‐based functional method is effective.
Preparation, Characterization and Immobilization of Ag‐Doped ZnO‐Nanorods into Ca and Cu Alginate Beads and Their Application in the Photodegradation of Methylene Blue
Authors: Aydin Evrim Baran 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe ZnO nanorod (NR) structures used as photocatalyst in the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye were synthesized by the hydrothermal method and doped with Ag using the chemical precipitation method. The results of Field Emission‐Scanning Electron Microscopes (FE‐SEM) showed that after the heat treatment, ZnO nanoplate structures were broken, leaving only hexagonal ZnO‐NR structures and Ag nanoparticles with a diameter of approximately 92 nm occurred on the ZnO‐NR surface as a result of Ag doping. The results of X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD) revealed that pure hexagonal ZnO crystals and face‐centered cubic Ag structures were present. The data showed that the photodegradation efficiency for 20 mg/L methylene blue (MB) dye without H2O2 reached 98 % at 300th minute and 100 % after 60 minutes in the presence of H2O2. The results showed that the Ag‐Doped ZnO‐NR structures immobilized into Ca and Cu alginate beads provide the high photocatalytic removal efficiency in the presence of H2O2 in a short time.
Voraussetzungen in Perspektivklärungsgruppen – damit ein kindgerechter Aufenthalt gelingt
Authors: Dalügge Sascha , Walther Jenni , Schratz Johanna , Großheinrich Nicola 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungPerspektivklärungsgruppen der stationären Kinder- und Jugendhilfe müssen sowohl eine tragfähige Einschätzung für den weiteren Lebensweg der Kinder und Jugendlichen entwickeln, Krisen bewältigen als auch zum Gelingen der kindlichen Entwicklung beitragen. In dieser Studie wurden Einschätzungen zu gegenwärtigen Voraussetzungen für die Arbeit in diesen Gruppen, den Prozess der Perspektivklärung und der Lebenssituation der Kinder und Jugendlichen aus Sicht der Mitarbeiter*innen gewonnen. Es zeigte sich Nachbesserungsbedarf im Umgang mit psychisch und sexuell auffällig geltendem Verhalten der Kinder und in der Vernetzung der am Hilfesystem Beteiligten. Zudem wurde offensichtlich, dass Kinder und Jugendliche am Prozess der Perspektivklärung nicht ausreichend beteiligt sind. Veränderungen im Sinne der Kinder und Jugendlichen, aber auch der Fachkräfte sollten angestrebt werden.
CXCL12 May Drive Inflammatory Potential in the Ovine Corpus Luteum During Implantation
Authors: McIntosh Stacia Z. , Quinn Kelsey E. , Ashley Ryan L. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Adequate corpus luteum (CL) function is paramount to successful pregnancy. Structural and functional CL integrity is controlled by diverse cell types that contribute and respond to the local cytokine milieu. The chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) and receptor, CXCR4, are modulators of inflammation and cell survival, but little is understood about CXCL12-CXCR4 axis and CL functional regulation. Corpora lutea from control nonpregnant ewes (n = 5; day 10 estrous cycle (D10C)) and pregnant ewes (n = 5/day) on days 20 (D20P) and 30 (D30P) post-breeding were analyzed for gene and protein expression of CXCL12, CXCR4, and select inflammatory cytokines. In separate cell culture studies, cytokine production was evaluated following CXCL12 treatment. Abundance of CXCL12 and CXCR4 increased (P < 0.05) in pregnant ewes compared to nonpregnant ewes, as determined by a combination of quantitative PCR, immunoblot, and immunofluorescence microscopy. CXCR4 was detected in steroidogenic and nonsteroidogenic cells in ovine CL, and select pro-inflammatory mediators were greater in CL from pregnant ewes. In vitro studies revealed greater abundance of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) following CXCL12 administration (P = 0.05), while P4 levels in cell media were unchanged. Fully functional CL of pregnant ewes is characterized by increased abundance of inflammatory cytokines which may function in a luteotropic manner. We report concurrent increases in CXCL12, CXCR4, and select inflammatory mediators in ovine CL as early pregnancy progresses. We propose CXCL12 stimulates production of select cytokines, rather than P4 in the CL to assist in CL establishment and survival.
Myometrial smooth muscle cells spillage during open myomectomy: Is it True or a myth?
Authors: Giambanco L. , Iannone V. , Messina D. , Borriello M. , D'Amico F. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundUncontained morcellation of myoma during laparoscopic surgery has been discouraged because of unknown malignancy. Even the safety of contained morcellation has been questioned because muscle cells have been detected in washings obtained during laparoscopic procedures. The possibility of myoma cell dissemination has been observed in open abdominal surgery, even after hysterectomy. Thus myomectomy would be unsafe from an oncological point of view, regardless of surgical approach.MethodsThis is an observational cohort study involving 30 patients who underwent open abdominal myomectomy. Peritoneal abdominal washings were obtained two times during the open abdominal myomectomy: before uterus incision and after the myomectomy itself. Cytological, cell block, and immunohistochemical evaluations were performed.ResultsAll washings obtained immediately after abdominal peritoneal cavity opening were negative for fibroid cells. Both the first and second washings were free of myoma cells. Cytologic evaluation did not reveal any smooth muscle cells. The results of desmin and smooth muscle actin staining, performed on the pre- and post-myomectomy samples, were negative.ConclusionOur results demonstrated, for the first time to our knowledge, that there is no dissemination of myoma cells during conservative abdominal surgery. It could represent an additional oncological safety. Further data are needed.
Perceived Parental Care and Next-Generation Family Members’ Succession Intentions: The Sequential-Mediating Role of General Self-Efficacy and Perceived Person-Job Fit
Authors: Zhu Fei , Zhou Haibo 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTWhereas the existing literature on the relationship between parental behavior and family business succession mainly focuses on parental behavior in the business domain, we highlight the importance of parental behavior in the family domain. Integrating attachment theory, the family business succession literature, and person-job fit literature, our study proposes a theoretical framework hypothesizing that general self-efficacy and perceived person-job fit mediate the association between perceived parental care (an underrepresented family-domain-specific parental behavior) and next-generation family members’ succession intentions. This framework is tested by data from two surveys and further verified by qualitative interviews of next-generation family members. Multivariate analysis results suggest that next-generation family members’ general self-efficacy and perceived person-job fit played a sequential-mediating role in the relationship between perceived parental care and next-generation family members’ succession intentions. Our interviews not only confirm these results but also reveal new insights, particularly into the specific Chinese context in the study of family business succession.
The Long Shadow of Agrarian Conflict: Agrarian Inequality and Voting in Spain
Authors: Domènech Jordi , Sánchez-Cuenca Ignacio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article studies the persistent effects of past agrarian inequality on contemporary voting preferences. Although Western European countries became industrial (and later post-industrial) economies, the political effects of the agrarian cleavage are still visible in those countries in which the agrarian issue was dominant in the interwar period (the industrial laggards). Looking at the spatial variation in voting patterns in the fifteen elections held in Spain since 1977, we show through mediation analysis that areas with high historical agrarian inequality have higher levels of leftist vote. We examine two transmission channels: one economic (related to backwardness); the other political (related to family transmission of political allegiances). A survey analysis provides evidence in favour of family transmission. A brief exploration of other cases confirms the general argument: a similar effect is found in Italy (an industrial laggard), but not in England (an early industrializer).
Erosional Cyclic Steps Governed by Plunge Pool Erosion: A Parametric Study Based on Field, Laboratory, and Model Data
Authors: Zeng Xin , Blom Astrid , Czapiga Matthew J. , An Chenge , Parker Gary , Fu Xudong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFor upland ephemeral gullies, gully erosion is strongly related to the formation and migration of cyclic steps. It is necessary to provide insight into the process of cyclic step development to accurately predict the pace of landscape evolution and soil loss. Information on the geometry of cyclic steps in subaerial environments is limited, and, to our knowledge, no model of cyclic step development considers plunge pool erosion. In this study, we analyze the geometric features and controlling factors of erosional cyclic steps through meta‐analysis of measured data including new measurements in the Loess Plateau, China. We focus on cyclic step dynamics of fluvial beds controlled by bed shear stress and local plunge pool erosion. We develop a new theory to incorporate plunge pool erosion through adapting existing cyclic step and plunge pool models. Our method agrees with measured data, showing that a larger flow rate leads to larger step length Ld and height Hd and increasing erodibility increases step aspect ratio Ld/Hd. The method is also able to predict how the step length, height, and aspect ratio change with the average channel slope. Our results indicate that plunge pool erosion is an important mechanism of cyclic step evolution. However, plunge pool development alone is not sufficient to explain the wide range of Ld/Hd in the measured data. The posed theory relates to equilibrium conditions and thus cannot consider temporal adjustments in step geometry.
Seasonality of Tropical Photosynthesis: A Pantropical Map of Correlations With Precipitation and Radiation and Comparison to Model Outputs
Authors: Uribe M. R. , Sierra C. A. , Dukes J. S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTropical ecosystems strongly influence Earth's climate and weather patterns. Most tropical ecosystems remain warm year‐round; nonetheless, their plants undergo seasonal cycles of carbon and water exchange. Previous research has shown the importance of precipitation and radiation as drivers of the seasonality of photosynthetic activity in the tropics. Although data are scarce, field‐based studies have found that seasonal cycles at a handful of tropical sites do not match those in the land surface model (LSM) simulations. A comprehensive understanding and model comparison of how seasonal variations in tropical photosynthetic activity relate to climate is lacking. Here, we identify the relationships of precipitation and radiation with satellite‐based proxies for photosynthetic activity (e.g., GOME‐2 SIF, MAIAC EVI) for the pantropical region. Three dominant and spatially distinct seasonal relationships emerge: photosynthetic activity that is positively correlated with both drivers (36% of tropical pixels), activity that increases following rain but decreases with radiation (28%), and activity that increases following bright seasons but decreases with rain (14%). We compare distributions of these observed relationships with those from LSMs. In general, compared to satellite‐based proxies of photosynthetic activity, model simulations of gross primary productivity (GPP) overestimate the extent of positive correlations of photosynthetic activity with water and underestimate positive correlations with radiation. The largest discrepancies between simulations and observations are in the representation of regions where photosynthetic activity increases with radiation and decreases with rain. Our clear scheme for representing the relationship between climate and photosynthetic activity can be used to benchmark tropical seasonality of GPP in LSMs.
Modeling the Hydrodynamics, Sediment Transport, and Valley Incision of Outlet‐Forming Floods From Martian Crater Lakes
Authors: Fassett Caleb I. , Goudge Timothy A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOpen‐basin lakes that have outlets, formed where the stored water breached the basin‐confining topography (e.g., crater rims), have been recognized on Mars for decades. However, the mechanics involved in formation of these outlets has not been studied in detail. Here, we study this outlet formation process through a series of numerical experiments accomplished by adding erosion and sediment transport routines to an existing hydrodynamic simulation, ANUGA. These experiments are consistent with outlets being carved in single flood events, at least if sediment was available throughout outlet formation as in a transport‐limited regime. Peak discharges from these open‐basin lakes, including from Jezero crater, were 104 to 106 m3/s, and the outlet‐forming floods lasted for days to weeks, depending on lake size. Moreover, we find that sediment transport by suspension was likely important during these floods—outlets could not have reached their observed sizes if flow was limited to bedload transport alone. This in turn may explain why small open‐basin lakes are less commonly recognized on Mars, as small lakes had less inherent capacity to transport sediment in suspension and thus incise confining topography catastrophically. Geometry, topographic setting, and earlier fluvial valley development may have played a significant role in influencing the magnitude of outlet‐forming floods and resulting outlet canyon incision.
Hotspots for rockfishes, structural corals, and large-bodied sponges along the central coast of Pacific Canada
Authors: Frid Alejandro , McGreer Madeleine , Wilson Kyle L. , Du Preez Cherisse , Blaine Tristan , Norgard Tammy 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBiological hotspots are places with outstanding biodiversity features, and their delineation is essential to the design of marine protected areas (MPAs). For the Central Coast of Canada’s Northern Shelf Bioregion, where an MPA network is being developed, we identified hotspots for structural corals and large-bodied sponges, which are foundation species vulnerable to bottom contact fisheries, and for Sebastidae, a fish family which includes species that are long-lived (> 100 years), overexploited, evolutionary distinctive, and at high trophic levels. Using 11 years of survey data that spanned from inland fjords to oceanic waters, we derived hotspot indices that accounted for species characteristics and abundances and examined hotspot distribution across depths and oceanographic subregions. The results highlight previously undocumented hotspot distributions, thereby informing the placement of MPAs for which high levels of protection are warranted. Given the vulnerability of the taxa that we examined to cumulative fishery impacts, prospective MPAs derived from our data should be considered for interim protection measures during the protracted period between final network design and the enactment of MPA legislations. These recommendations reflect our scientific data, which are only one way of understanding the seascape. Our surveys did not cover many locations known to Indigenous peoples as biologically important. Consequently, Indigenous knowledge should also contribute substantially to the design of the MPA network.
ISL1 promotes enzalutamide resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) through epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)
Authors: Choi Jae Duck , Kim Tae Jin , Jeong Byong Chang , Jeon Hwang Gyun , Jeon Seong Soo , Kang Min Yong , Yeom Seon Yong , Seo Seong Il 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAbnormal expression of insulin gene enhancer-binding protein 1 (ISL1) has been demonstrated to be closely associated with cancer development and progression in several cancers. However, little is known about ISL1 expression in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). ISL1 has also been recognized as a positive modulator of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this study, we focused on ISL1 which showed maximum upregulation at the mRNA level in the enzalutamide-resistant cell line. Accordingly, we found that ISL1 was overexpressed in enzalutamide-resistant C4-2B cells and its expression was significantly related to EMT. Our findings reveal the important role of ISL1 in androgen receptor (AR)-dependent prostate cancer cell growth; ISL1 knockdown reduced the AR activity and cell growth. ISL1 knockdown using small-interfering RNA inhibited AR, PSA, and EMT-related protein expression in C4-2B ENZR cells. In addition, knock-down ISL1 reduced the levels of AKT and p65 phosphorylation in C4-2B ENZR cells and these suggest that knock-down ISL1 suppresses EMT in part by targeting the AKT/NF-κB pathway. Further, ISL1 downregulation could effectively inhibit tumor growth in a human CRPC xenograft model. Together, the present study shows that downregulation of ISL1 expression is necessary for overcoming enzalutamide resistance and improving the survival of CRPC patients.