bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can emotional expressivity and writing content predict beneficial effects of expressive writing among breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy? A secondary analysis of randomized controlled trial data from China
Authors: Wu Yanni , Yang Dongliang , Jian Biao , Li Chaixiu , Liu Liping , Li Wenji , Li Xiaojin , Zhou Chunlan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo explore whether emotional expressivity and the patterns of language use could predict benefits from expressive writing (EW) of breast cancer (BC) patients in a culture that strongly discourages emotional disclosure.MethodsData were obtained from a recent trial in which we compared the health outcomes between a prolonged EW group (12 sessions) and a standard EW group (four sessions) (n = 56 per group) of BC patients receiving chemotherapy. The Chinese texts were tokenized using the THU Lexical Analyser for Chinese. Then, LIWC2015 was used to quantify positive and negative affect word use.ResultsOur first hypothesis that BC patients with higher levels of emotional expressivity tended to use higher levels of positive and negative affect words in texts was not supported (r = 0.067, p = 0.549 and r = 0.065, p = 0.559, respectively). The level of emotional expressivity has a significant effect on the quality of life (QOL), and those who used more positive or fewer negative affective words in texts had a better QOL (all p < 0.05). However, no significant difference was identified in physical and psychological well-being (all p > 0.05). Furthermore, the patterns of affective word use during EW did not mediate the effects of emotional expressivity on health outcomes (all p > 0.05).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the level of emotional expressivity and the pattern of affective word use could be factors that may moderate the effects of EW on QOL, which may help clinicians identify the individuals most likely to benefit from such writing exercises in China.
How Gendered Is the Peer-Review Process? A Mixed-Design Analysis of Reviewer Feedback
Authors: König Thomas , Ropers Guido 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTA fair peer-review process is essential for the integrity of a discipline’s scholarly standards. However, underrepresentation of scholarly groups casts doubt on fairness, which currently is raising concerns about a gender bias in the peer-review process of premier scholarly journals such as the American Political Science Review (APSR). This study examines gender differences in APSR reviewing during the period 2007–2020. Our explorative analysis suggests that male reviewers privilege male authors and female reviewers privilege female authors, whereas manuscripts reviewed by both male and female reviewers indicate less gender bias. Using within-manuscript variation to address confounding effects, we then show that manuscripts reviewed by both male and female reviewers receive a more positive evaluation by female reviewers in terms of recommendation and sentiment, but they experience a marginally longer duration. Because these effects are not specific for type of authorship, we recommend that invitations to review should reflect mixed compositions of peers, which also may avoid overburdening an underrepresented group with review workload.
Relative consumption, relative wealth, and long-run growth: when and why is the standard analysis prone to incorrect conclusions?
Authors: Hof Franz X. , Prettner Klaus 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe employ a novel approach for analyzing the effects of relative consumption and relative wealth preferences on economic growth. In the pertinent literature, these effects are usually assessed by examining the dependence of the growth rate on the two parameters of the utility function that seem to measure the strength of the relative consumption and the relative wealth motives. Applying our fundamental factor approach, we identify specifications in which the traditional approach yields incorrect qualitative conclusions. The problematic specifications have the common unpleasant property that the parameter that seems to determine the strength of the relative consumption motive actually also affects the elasticity of intertemporal substitution of absolute consumption (and the strength of the relative wealth motive). Since the standard approach is unaware of the additional effect(s), it attributes the total change in the growth rate incorrectly to the change in the strength of the relative consumption motive.
Custom as a Source Under Article 21 of the Rome Statute
Authors: KUMAR Amit 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe adoption of the Rome Statute is a significant moment for international criminal law. Before its formulation, the criminal law was governed by the sources mentioned in their statute or Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice [ICJ Statute]. Custom is one of the important sources within the ICJ Statute. The ad hoc tribunals applied custom and even formulated certain customs. The formulation of custom is considered as against the principle of legality. To avoid such criticism, the State Parties inserted Article 21 in the Rome Statute. The provision clarifies the law which the court can apply. The parties chose not to include custom explicitly. However, the wordings of the provision indicate that the custom is still a source for the court. Apart from the wording of Article 21, other provisions of the Statute give ample scope for the application of custom.
Low Contribution of the Fast‐Sinking Particle Fraction to Total Plankton Metabolism in a Temperate Shelf Sea
Authors: García‐Martín E. E. , Davidson K. , Davis C. E. , Mahaffey C. , McNeill S. , Purdie D. A. , Robinson C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTemperate shelf seas are productive areas with the potential to export high quantities of particulate organic carbon (POC), as sinking particles, to the sediments or off‐shelf to the open ocean. The amount of carbon which can be exported depends partly on the amount of POC produced and on the remineralization processes occurring on the sinking material. Here, we assessed the relative seasonal importance of microbial respiration and bacterial production associated with suspended, slow‐ and fast‐sinking particle fractions. The three fractions were collected in the Celtic Sea above and below the seasonal thermocline in November 2014, April and July 2015 using Marine Snow Catchers. The slow‐sinking fraction had higher microbial respiration and bacterial production rates than the fast‐sinking fractions, and these two fractions sustained rates of microbial respiration and bacterial production between 1 and 3 orders of magnitude lower than the suspended fraction. This low contribution of the slow‐ and fast‐sinking fractions was consistent with their low contribution to the POC concentration at the two depths sampled. The POC‐specific respiration rates associated with the slow‐ and fast‐sinking fractions were low (median 0.17 and 0.08 d−1, respectively), indicating low‐sinking particle degradation. Our results indicate that ∼5% of the POC in surface waters can be exported below the thermocline.
Pseudo-magnetic field-induced slow carrier dynamics in periodically strained graphene
Authors: Kang Dong-Ho , Sun Hao , Luo Manlin , Lu Kunze , Chen Melvina , Kim Youngmin , Jung Yongduck , Gao Xuejiao , Parluhutan Samuel Jior , Ge Junyu , Koh See Wee , Giovanni David , Sum Tze Chien , Wang Qi Jie , Li Hong , Nam Donguk 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe creation of pseudo-magnetic fields in strained graphene has emerged as a promising route to investigate intriguing physical phenomena that would be unattainable with laboratory superconducting magnets. The giant pseudo-magnetic fields observed in highly deformed graphene can substantially alter the optical properties of graphene beyond a level that can be feasible with an external magnetic field, but the experimental signatures of the influence of such pseudo-magnetic fields have yet to be unveiled. Here, using time-resolved infrared pump-probe spectroscopy, we provide unambiguous evidence for slow carrier dynamics enabled by the pseudo-magnetic fields in periodically strained graphene. Strong pseudo-magnetic fields of ~100 T created by non-uniform strain in graphene on nanopillars are found to significantly decelerate the relaxation processes of hot carriers by more than an order of magnitude. Our findings offer alternative opportunities to harness the properties of graphene enabled by pseudo-magnetic fields for optoelectronics and condensed matter physics.
Battery-free, wireless soft sensors for continuous multi-site measurements of pressure and temperature from patients at risk for pressure injuries
Authors: Oh Yong Suk , Kim Jae-Hwan , Xie Zhaoqian , Cho Seokjoo , Han Hyeonseok , Jeon Sung Woo , Park Minsu , Namkoong Myeong , Avila Raudel , Song Zhen , Lee Sung-Uk , Ko Kabseok , Lee Jungyup , Lee Je-Sang , Min Weon Gi , Lee Byeong-Ju , Choi Myungwoo , Chung Ha Uk , Kim Jongwon , Han Mengdi , Koo Jahyun , Choi Yeon Sik , Kwak Sung Soo , Kim Sung Bong , Kim Jeonghyun , Choi Jungil , Kang Chang-Mo , Kim Jong Uk , Kwon Kyeongha , Won Sang Min , Baek Janice Mihyun , Lee Yujin , Kim So Young , Lu Wei , Vazquez-Guardado Abraham , Jeong Hyoyoung , Ryu Hanjun , Lee Geumbee , Kim Kyuyoung , Kim Seunghwan , Kim Min Seong , Choi Jungrak , Choi Dong Yun , Yang Quansan , Zhao Hangbo , Bai Wubin , Jang Hokyung , Yu Yongjoon , Lim Jaeman , Guo Xu , Kim Bong Hoon , Jeon Seokwoo , Davies Charles , Banks Anthony , Sung Hyung Jin , Huang Yonggang , Park Inkyu , Rogers John A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCapabilities for continuous monitoring of pressures and temperatures at critical skin interfaces can help to guide care strategies that minimize the potential for pressure injuries in hospitalized patients or in individuals confined to the bed. This paper introduces a soft, skin-mountable class of sensor system for this purpose. The design includes a pressure-responsive element based on membrane deflection and a battery-free, wireless mode of operation capable of multi-site measurements at strategic locations across the body. Such devices yield continuous, simultaneous readings of pressure and temperature in a sequential readout scheme from a pair of primary antennas mounted under the bedding and connected to a wireless reader and a multiplexer located at the bedside. Experimental evaluation of the sensor and the complete system includes benchtop measurements and numerical simulations of the key features. Clinical trials involving two hemiplegic patients and a tetraplegic patient demonstrate the feasibility, functionality and long-term stability of this technology in operating hospital settings.
Relative effectiveness of influenza vaccines in elderly persons in the United States, 2012/2013-2017/2018 seasons
Authors: Machado Marina Amaral de Avila , Moura Cristiano S. , Abrahamowicz Michal , Ward Brian J. , Pilote Louise , Bernatsky Sasha 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInfluenza immunization protects seniors against influenza and its potentially serious complications. It is uncertain whether standard-dose (SD) quadrivalent vaccine offers better protection over other formulations in the elderly. In this study, we compared the effectiveness of SD-trivalent, high-dose (HD) trivalent, SD-quadrivalent, and adjuvanted trivalent vaccines in seniors (≥65 years) in a real-world setting. We selected over 200,000 individuals in each of 6 influenza seasons from 2012 to 2018 using MarketScan® databases. The two outcomes were hospitalization or emergency room (ER) visit due to (1) influenza or (2) pneumonia. Here, SD-quadrivalent was associated with higher risk of influenza-related hospitalization/ER visit (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.14 and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.05–1.24) and of pneumonia-related hospitalization/ER visit (aHR 1.04 and 95% CI 1.01–1.07) vs. HD-trivalent. SD-trivalent followed similar trends compared to HD-trivalent (aHR 1.16 and 95% CI 1.06–1.27 for hospitalized/ER visit influenza; aHR 1.07 and 95% CI 1.05–1.10 for hospitalized/ER visit pneumonia). We could not demonstrate risk differences between SD vaccine formulations and between adjuvanted trivalent and one of the other three vaccines. Risk estimates slightly varied across seasons. These findings suggest that SD vaccine formulations vs. HD-trivalent were associated with higher risk of hospitalization/ER visit for influenza and pneumonia in seniors.
Megavolt bremsstrahlung measurements from linear induction accelerators demonstrate possible use as a FLASH radiotherapy source to reduce acute toxicity
Authors: Sampayan Stephen E. , Sampayan Kristin C. , Caporaso George J. , Chen Yu-Jiuan , Falabella Steve , Hawkins Steven A. , Hearn Jason , Watson James A. , Zentler Jan-Mark 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecent studies indicate better efficacy and healthy tissue sparing with high dose-rate FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) cancer treatment. This technique delivers a prompt high radiation dose rather than fractional doses over time. While some suggest thresholds of > 40 Gy s−1 with a maximal effect at > 100 Gy s−1, accumulated evidence shows that instantaneous dose-rate and irradiation time are critical. Mechanisms are still debated, but toxicity is minimized while inducing apoptosis in malignant tissue. Delivery technologies to date show that a capability gap exists with clinic scale, broad area, deep penetrating, high dose rate systems. Based on these trends, if FLASH-RT is adopted, it may become a dominant approach except in the least technologically advanced countries. The linear induction accelerator (LIA) developed for high instantaneous and high average dose-rate, species independent charged particle acceleration, has yet to be considered for this application. We review the status of LIA technology, explore the physics of bremsstrahlung-converter-target interactions and our work on stabilizing the electron beam. While the gradient of the LIA is low, we present our preliminary work to improve the gradient by an order of magnitude, presenting a point design for a multibeam FLASH-RT system using a single accelerator for application to conformal FLASH-RT.
Correlation between levels of airborne endotoxin and heavy metals in subway environments in South Korea
Authors: Hwang Sungho , Kim So-Yeon , Choi Sangjun , Lee Sangwon , Park Dong-Uk 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the exposure levels and variation in airborne endotoxin and heavy metals such as aluminum, chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc, and lead (Pb) in the three different South Korean subway environments (driver room, station office, and underground tunnel) and identify subway characteristics influencing endotoxin and heavy metals levels. Air samples were collected and analyzed using the kineticLimulus Amebocyte Lysateassay and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometers. The geometric mean was determined for endotoxin levels (0.693 EU/m3). It was also found that Fe (5.070 µg/m3) had the highest levels in subway environments while Pb (0.008 µg/m3) had the lowest levels. Endotoxin levels were higher in the underground tunnel and lower in the station office; the total heavy metal levels showed the same pattern with endotoxin levels. Endotoxins and total heavy metal levels were higher in the morning than at night. Positive correlations were found between endotoxin and Cr, Fe, Mn, and Ni levels. Given the correlation between airborne endotoxins and heavy metals, further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to identify the correlation between levels of airborne endotoxin and heavy metals.
Mitogenomic analysis of extant condor species provides insight into the molecular evolution of vultures
Authors: De Panis D. , Lambertucci S. A. , Wiemeyer G. , Dopazo H. , Almeida F. C. , Mazzoni C. J. , Gut M. , Gut I. , Padró J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe evolution of large vultures linked to mountainous habitats was accompanied by extreme physiological and behavioral specializations for energetically efficient flights. However, little is known on the genetic traits associated with the evolution of these obligate soaring scavengers. Mitochondrial DNA plays a vital role in regulating oxidative stress and energy production, and hence may be an important target of selection for flight performance. Herein, we characterized the first mitogenomes of the Andean and California condors, the world’s heaviest flying birds and the only living representatives of the Vultur and Gymnogyps genus. We reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships and evaluated possible footprints of convergent evolution associated to the life-history traits and distributional range of vultures. Our phylogenomic analyses supported the independent evolution of vultures, with the origin of Cathartidae in the early Paleogene (~ 61 Mya), and estimated the radiation of extant condors during the late Miocene (~ 11 Mya). Selection analyses indicated that vultures exhibit signals of relaxation of purifying selection relative to other accipitrimorph raptors, possibly indicating the degeneration of flapping flight ability. Overall, our results suggest that the extreme specialization of vultures for efficient soaring flight has compensated the evolution of large body sizes mitigating the selection pressure on mtDNA.
Self-beneficial belief updating as a coping mechanism for stress-induced negative affect
Authors: Czekalla Nora , Stierand Janine , Stolz David S. , Mayer Annalina V. , Voges Johanna F. , Rademacher Lena , Paulus Frieder M. , Krach Sören , Müller-Pinzler Laura 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBeing confronted with social-evaluative stress elicits a physiological and a psychological stress response. This calls for regulatory processes to manage negative affect and maintain self-related optimistic beliefs. The aim of the current study was to investigate the affect-regulating potential of self-related updating of ability beliefs after exposure to social-evaluative stress, in comparison to non-social physical stress or no stress. We assessed self-related belief updating using trial-by-trial performance feedback and described the updating behavior in a mechanistic way using computational modeling. We found that social-evaluative stress was accompanied by an increase in cortisol and negative affect which was related to a positive shift in self-related belief updating. This self-beneficial belief updating, which was absent after physical stress or control, was associated with a better recovery from stress-induced negative affect. This indicates that enhanced integration of positive self-related feedback can act as a coping strategy to deal with social-evaluative stress.
Determination of permeation properties of hydrogen gas in sealing rubbers using thermal desorption analysis gas chromatography
Authors: Jung Jae Kap , Kim In Gyoo , Chung Ki Soo , Kim Yong-Il , Kim Dae Ho 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPermeation properties of hydrogen gas (H2) into nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), and fluoroelastomer (FKM) which are the strong candidates for sealing material in H2 energy infrastructures, was quantified using a thermal desorption analysis gas chromatography (TDA GC) and a self-developed diffusion-analysis program. The samples were charged with H2 in a high-pressure chamber for 24 h then decompressed into atmosphere, and the mass of H2 released from the sample was measured as a function of elapsed time after decompression. The developed program calculated the total charging amount C0 and diffusivity D, which were then used to calculate the H2 solubility S and permeability P for variation of pressure. The samples were polymerized with and without carbon black (CB) filler in cylindrical shapes with different diameters. There was no appreciable pressure up to 12 MPa or diameter dependence investigated in this study on D, S and P. NBR and EPDM showed dual hydrogen diffusion with fast and slow diffusion behaviors caused by CB, whereas FKM showed a single diffusion behavior. The determined D are Dfast, NBR = (1.55 ± 0.28) × 10–10 m2/s, Dslow, NBR = (3.1 ± 0.5) × 10–11 m2/s, Dfast, EPDM = (3.65 ± 0.66) × 10–10 m2/s, Dslow, EPDM = (3.3 ± 0.5) × 10–11 m2/s, DFKM = (7.7 ± 0.8) × 10–11 m2/s. It appeared that the filler contributes to increase S and decrease D. The uncertainty analysis against the evaluated data was carried out, too, in order that the method could be applicable as a standard test for the permeation properties of various polymer membranes.
State and trait of finger tapping performance in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Gulde Philipp , Vojta Heike , Hermsdörfer Joachim , Rieckmann Peter 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFinger tapping tests have been shown feasible to assess motor performance in multiple sclerosis (MS) and were observed to be strongly associated with the estimated clinical severity of the disease. Therefore, tapping tests could be an adequate tool to assess disease status in MS. In this study we examined potential influencing factors on a maximum tapping task with the whole upper-limb for 10 s in 40 MS patients using linear mixed effects modelling. Patients were tested in three sessions with two trials per body-side per session over the course of 4–27 days of inpatient rehabilitation. Tested factors were the expanded disability scale (EDSS) score, laterality of MS, age, sex, hand dominance, time of day, session, trial (first or second), time between sessions, and the reported day form. A second model used these factors to examine the self-reported day form of patients. Linear mixed effects modelling indicated the tapping test to have a good inter-trial (proportional variance < 0.01) and inter-session reliability (non-significant; when controlling for time between sessions), an influence of hand-dominance (proportional variance 0.08), to be strongly associated with the EDSS (eta2 = 0.22, interaction with laterality of MS eta2 = 0.12) and to be not associated with the reported day form. The model explained 87% (p < 0.01) of variance in tapping performance. Lastly, we were able to observe a positive effect of neurologic inpatient rehabilitation on task performance obvious from a significant effect of the time between sessions (eta2 = 0.007; longer time spans between sessions were associated with higher increments in performance). Day form was only impacted by EDSS and the time of the day (p < 0.01, R2 = 0.57, eta2TIME = 0.017, eta2EDSS = 01.19). We conclude that the tapping test is a reliable and valid assessment tool for MS.
The chaperone HSPB1 prepares protein aggregates for resolubilization by HSP70
Authors: Gonçalves Conrado C. , Sharon Itai , Schmeing T. Martin , Ramos Carlos H. I. , Young Jason C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn human cells under stress conditions, misfolded polypeptides can form potentially cytotoxic insoluble aggregates. To eliminate aggregates, the HSP70 chaperone machinery extracts and resolubilizes polypeptides for triage to refolding or degradation. Yeast and bacterial chaperones of the small heat-shock protein (sHSP) family can bind substrates at early stages of misfolding, during the aggregation process. The co-aggregated sHSPs then facilitate downstream disaggregation by HSP70. Because it is unknown whether a human sHSP has this activity, we investigated the disaggregation role of human HSPB1. HSPB1 co-aggregated with unfolded protein substrates, firefly luciferase and mammalian lactate dehydrogenase. The co-aggregates formed with HSPB1 were smaller and more regularly shaped than those formed in its absence. Importantly, co-aggregation promoted the efficient disaggregation and refolding of the substrates, led by HSP70. HSPB1 itself was also extracted during disaggregation, and its homo-oligomerization ability was not required. Therefore, we propose that a human sHSP is an integral part of the chaperone network for protein disaggregation.