bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subordination for sequentially equicontinuous equibounded $$C_0$$-semigroups
Authors: Kruse Karsten , Meichsner Jan , Seifert Christian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe consider operators A on a sequentially complete Hausdorff locally convex space X such that $$-A$$

-
A

generates a (sequentially) equicontinuous equibounded $$C_0$$

C
0

-semigroup. For every Bernstein function f we show that $$-f(A)$$

-
f
(
A
)

generates a semigroup which is of the same ‘kind’ as the one generated by $$-A$$

-
A

. As a special case we obtain that fractional powers $$-A^{\alpha }$$

-

A
α

, where $$\alpha \in (0,1)$$

α
∈
(
0
,
1
)

, are generators.
Fujita modified exponent for scale invariant damped semilinear wave equations
Authors: Chiarello Felisia Angela , Girardi Giovanni , Lucente Sandra 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to prove a blow-up result of the solution for a semilinear scale invariant damped wave equation under a suitable decay condition on radial initial data. The admissible range for the power of the nonlinear term depends both on the damping coefficient and on the pointwise decay order of the initial data. In addition, we give an upper bound estimate for the lifespan of the solution. It depends not only on the exponent of the nonlinear term and not only on the damping coefficient but also on the size of the decay rate of the initial data.
Relaxed parameter conditions for chemotactic collapse in logistic-type parabolic–elliptic Keller–Segel systems
Authors: Black Tobias , Fuest Mario , Lankeit Johannes 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe study the finite-time blow-up in two variants of the parabolic–elliptic Keller–Segel system with nonlinear diffusion and logistic source. In n-dimensional balls, we consider $$\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} u_t = \nabla \cdot ((u+1)^{m-1}\nabla u -u \nabla v) + \lambda u - \mu u^{1+\kappa }, \\ 0 = \Delta v - \frac{1}{|\Omega |} \int \limits _\Omega u + u \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}$$

u
t

=
∇
·

(

(
u
+
1
)

m
-
1

∇
u
-
u
∇
v
)

+
λ
u
-
μ

u

1
+
κ

,

0
=
Δ
v
-

1

|
Ω
|

∫
Ω

u
+
u

and $$\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} u_t = \nabla \cdot ((u+1)^{m-1}\nabla u -u \nabla v) + \lambda u - \mu u^{1+\kappa }, \\ 0 = \Delta v - v + u, \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}$$

u
t

=
∇
·

(

(
u
+
1
)

m
-
1

∇
u
-
u
∇
v
)

+
λ
u
-
μ

u

1
+
κ

,

0
=
Δ
v
-
v
+
u
,

where $$\lambda $$
λ
and $$\mu $$
μ
are given spatially radial nonnegative functions and $$m, \kappa > 0$$

m
,
κ
>
0

are given parameters subject to further conditions. In a unified treatment, we establish a bridge between previously employed methods on blow-up detection and relatively new results on pointwise upper estimates of solutions in both of the systems above and then, making use of this newly found connection, provide extended parameter ranges for $$m,\kappa $$

m
,
κ

leading to the existence of finite-time blow-up solutions in space dimensions three and above. In particular, for constant $$\lambda , \mu > 0$$

λ
,
μ
>
0

, we find that there are initial data which lead to blow-up in (JL) if $$\begin{aligned} 0 \le \kappa&< \min \left\{ \frac{1}{2}, \frac{n - 2}{n} - (m-1)_+ \right\}&\quad \text {if } m\in \left[ \frac{2}{n},\frac{2n-2}{n}\right) \\ \text { or }\quad 0 \le \kappa&<\min \left\{ \frac{1}{2},\frac{n-1}{n}-\frac{m}{2}\right\}&\quad \text {if } m\in \left( 0,\frac{2}{n}\right) , \end{aligned}$$

0
≤
κ

<
min

1
2

,

n
-
2

n

-

(
m
-
1
)

+

if

m
∈

2
n

,

2
n
-
2

n

or

0
≤
κ

<
min

1
2

,

n
-
1

n

-

m
2

if

m
∈

0
,

2
n

,

and in (PE) if $$m \in [1, \frac{2n-2}{n})$$

m
∈
[
1
,

2
n
-
2

n

)

and $$\begin{aligned} 0 \le \kappa < \min \left\{ \frac{(m-1) n + 1}{2(n-1)}, \frac{n - 2 - (m-1) n}{n(n-1)} \right\} . \end{aligned}$$

0
≤
κ
<
min

(
m
-
1
)
n
+
1

2
(
n
-
1
)

,

n
-
2
-
(
m
-
1
)
n

n
(
n
-
1
)

.
Ein Airbag kann auch tödlich sein
Authors: Hahn M. , Dreimann M. , Matschke J. , Lohner L. , Püschel K. 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungEs wird das Verletzungsschema eines Fahrers nach Frontalzusammenstoß mit Airbag-Auslösung bei nichtangelegtem Gurt dargestellt. Der Patient wies bei Erstuntersuchung nur geringe äußere Verletzungen auf. Im CT zeigte sich eine nichtdislozierte Densfraktur. Im späteren MRT waren eine sekundäre Dislokation der Fraktur mit Myelonkontusion und diskoligamentäre Zerreißungen bei C5–T1 zu erkennen. Nach operativer Versorgung verstarb der Patient an den Folgen eines kompletten Querschnittsyndroms. Bei der Sektion fanden sich eine Hirnschwellung und eine Quetschungszone im oberen Halsmark. Unerwartet bestanden hier keine Blutungen und Einreißungen des Gewebes. Es wird auf die strukturelle Besonderheit des Axis eingegangen und das Unfallgeschehen anhand des Verletzungsmusters sowie der Sektionsbefunde rekonstruiert.
Immune infiltrate diversity confers a good prognosis in follicular lymphoma
Authors: Tsakiroglou Anna-Maria , Astley Susan , Dave Manàs , Fergie Martin , Harkness Elaine , Rosenberg Adeline , Sperrin Matthew , West Catharine , Byers Richard , Linton Kim 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Follicular lymphoma (FL) prognosis is influenced by the composition of the tumour microenvironment. We tested an automated approach to quantitatively assess the phenotypic and spatial immune infiltrate diversity as a prognostic biomarker for FL patients.

Methods
Diagnostic biopsies were collected from 127 FL patients initially treated with rituximab-based therapy (52%), radiotherapy (28%), or active surveillance (20%). Tissue microarrays were constructed and stained using multiplex immunofluorescence (CD4, CD8, FOXP3, CD21, PD-1, CD68, and DAPI). Subsequently, sections underwent automated cell scoring and analysis of spatial interactions, defined as cells co-occurring within 30 μm. Shannon’s entropy, a metric describing species biodiversity in ecological habitats, was applied to quantify immune infiltrate diversity of cell types and spatial interactions. Immune infiltrate diversity indices were tested in multivariable Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier analysis for overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).

Results
Increased diversity of cell types (HR = 0.19 95% CI 0.06–0.65, p = 0.008) and cell spatial interactions (HR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.20–0.75, p = 0.005) was associated with favourable OS, independent of the Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index. In the rituximab-treated subset, the favourable trend between diversity and PFS did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusion
Multiplex immunofluorescence and Shannon’s entropy can objectively quantify immune infiltrate diversity and generate prognostic information in FL. This automated approach warrants validation in additional FL cohorts, and its applicability as a pre-treatment biomarker to identify high-risk patients should be further explored. The multiplex image dataset generated by this study is shared publicly to encourage further research on the FL microenvironment.
Different phenotypes of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus are related to a distinct pattern of structural changes on brain MRI
Authors: Inglese Francesca , Kant Ilse M. J. , Monahan Rory C. , Steup-Beekman Gerda M. , Huizinga Tom W. J. , van Buchem Mark A. , Magro-Checa Cesar , Ronen Itamar , de Bresser Jeroen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objectives
The underlying structural brain correlates of neuropsychiatric involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) remain unclear, thus hindering correct diagnosis.
We compared brain tissue volumes between a clinically well-defined cohort of patients with NPSLE and SLE patients with neuropsychiatric syndromes not attributed to SLE (non-NPSLE). Within the NPSLE patients, we also examined differences between patients with two distinct disease phenotypes: ischemic and inflammatory.

Methods
In this prospective (May 2007 to April 2015) cohort study, we included 38 NPSLE patients (26 inflammatory and 12 ischemic) and 117 non-NPSLE patients. All patients underwent a 3-T brain MRI scan that was used to automatically determine white matter, grey matter, white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and total brain volumes. Group differences in brain tissue volumes were studied with linear regression analyses corrected for age, gender, and total intracranial volume and expressed as B values and 95% confidence intervals.

Results
NPSLE patients showed higher WMH volume compared to non-NPSLE patients (p = 0.004). NPSLE inflammatory patients showed lower total brain (p = 0.014) and white matter volumes (p = 0.020), and higher WMH volume (p = 0.002) compared to non-NPSLE patients. Additionally, NPSLE inflammatory patients showed lower white matter (p = 0.020) and total brain volumes (p = 0.038) compared to NPSLE ischemic patients.

Conclusion
We showed that different phenotypes of NPSLE were related to distinct patterns of underlying structural brain MRI changes. Especially the inflammatory phenotype of NPSLE was associated with the most pronounced brain volume changes, which might facilitate the diagnostic process in SLE patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Key Points
• Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) patients showed a higher WMH volume compared to SLE patients with neuropsychiatric syndromes not attributed to SLE (non-NPSLE).
• NPSLE patients with inflammatory phenotype showed a lower total brain and white matter volume, and a higher volume of white matter hyperintensities, compared to non-NPSLE patients.
• NPSLE patients with inflammatory phenotype showed lower white matter and total brain volumes compared to NPSLE patients with ischemic phenotype.
Correlation Structures between Satellite All-Sky Infrared Brightness Temperatures and the Atmospheric State at Storm Scales
Authors: Zhang Yunji , Clothiaux Eugene E. , Stensrud David J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study explores the structures of the correlations between infrared (IR) brightness temperatures (BTs) from the three water vapor channels of the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) onboard the GOES-16 satellite and the atmospheric state. Ensemble-based data assimilation techniques such as the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) rely on correlations to propagate innovations of BTs to increments of model state variables. Because the three water vapor channels are sensitive to moisture in different layers of the troposphere, the heights of the strongest correlations between these channels and moisture in clear-sky regions are closely related to the peaks of their respective weighting functions. In cloudy regions, the strongest correlations appear at the cloud tops of deep clouds, and ice hydrometeors generally have stronger correlations with BT than liquid hydrometeors. The magnitudes of the correlations decrease from the peak value in a column with both vertical and horizontal distance. Just how the correlations decrease depend on both the cloud scenes and the cloud structures, as well as the model variables. Horizontal correlations between BTs and moisture, as well as hydrometeors, in fully cloudy regions decrease to almost 0 at about 30 km. The horizontal correlations with atmospheric state variables in clear-sky regions are broader, maintaining non-zero values out to ∼100 km. The results in this study provide information on the proper choice of cut-off radii in horizontal and vertical localization schemes for the assimilation of BTs. They also provide insights on the most efficient and effective use of the different water vapor channels.
Neurological update: COVID-19
Authors: Ren A. L. , Digby R. J. , Needham E. J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCoronavirus Disease 2019 is predominantly a disorder of the respiratory system, but neurological complications have been recognised since early in the pandemic. The major pathophysiological processes leading to neurological damage in COVID-19 are cerebrovascular disease, immunologically mediated neurological disorders and the detrimental effects of critical illness on the nervous system. It is still unclear whether direct invasion of the nervous system by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 occurs; given the vast numbers of people infected at this point, this uncertainty suggests that nervous system infection is unlikely to represent a significant issue if it occurs at all. In this review, we explore what has been learnt about the neurological complications of COVID-19 over the course of the pandemic, and by which mechanisms these complications most commonly occur.
Modelling Rock Fracture Induced By Hydraulic Pulses
Authors: Xi Xun , Yang Shangtong , McDermott Christopher I. , Shipton Zoe K. , Fraser-Harris Andrew , Edlmann Katriona 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSoft cyclic hydraulic fracturing has become an effective technology used in subsurface energy extraction which utilises cyclic hydraulic flow pressure to fracture rock. This new technique induces fatigue of rock to reduce the breakdown pressure and potentially the associated risk of seismicity. To control the fracturing process and achieve desirable fracture networks for enhanced permeability, the rock response under cyclic hydraulic stimulation needs to be understood. However, the mechanism for cyclic stimulation-induced fatigue of rock is rather unclear and to date there is no implementation of fatigue degradation in modelling the rock response under hydraulic cyclic loading. This makes accurate prediction of rock fracture under cyclic hydraulic pressure impossible. This paper develops a numerical method to model rock fracture induced by hydraulic pulses with consideration of rock fatigue. The fatigue degradation is based on S–N curves (S for cyclic stress and N for cycles to failure) and implemented into the constitutive relationship for fracture of rock using in-house FORTRAN scripts and ABAQUS solver. The cohesive crack model is used to simulate discrete crack propagation in the rock which is coupled with hydraulic flow and pore pressure capability. The developed numerical model is validated via experimental results of pulsating hydraulic fracturing of the rock. The effects of flow rate and frequency of cyclic injection on borehole pressure development are investigated. A new loading strategy for pulsating hydraulic fracturing is proposed. It has been found that hydraulic pulses can reduce the breakdown pressure of rock by 10–18% upon 10–4000 cycles. Using the new loading strategy, a slow and steady rock fracture process is obtained while the failure pressure is reduced.
Holistic simulation of wind turbines with fully aero-elastic and electrical model
Authors: Wiens Marcus , Frahm Sebastian , Thomas Philipp , Kahn Shoaib 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRequirements for the design of wind turbines advance facing the challenges of a high content of renewable energy sources in the public grid. A high percentage of renewable energy weaken the grid and grid faults become more likely, which add additional loads on the wind turbine. Load calculations with aero-elastic models are standard for the design of wind turbines. Components of the electric system are usually roughly modeled in aero-elastic models and therefore the effect of detailed electrical models on the load calculations is unclear. A holistic wind turbine model is obtained, by combining an aero-elastic model and detailed electrical model into one co-simulation. The holistic model, representing a DFIG turbine is compared to a standard aero-elastic model for load calculations. It is shown that a detailed modelling of the electrical components e.g., generator, converter, and grid, have an influence on the results of load calculations. An analysis of low-voltage-ride-trough events during turbulent wind shows massive increase of loads on the drive train and effects the tower loads. Furthermore, the presented holistic model could be used to investigate different control approaches on the wind turbine dynamics and loads. This approach is applicable to the modelling of a holistic wind park to investigate interaction on the electrical level and simultaneously evaluate the loads on the wind turbine.
Optimierung des Eigenspannungszustands kaltfließgepresster austenitischer Stähle durch einen kontrollierten Ausstoßvorgang
Authors: Jaeger Fabian , Franceschi Alessandro , Hoche Holger , Groche Peter , Oechsner Matthias 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungAusgehend von vorherigen Ergebnissen zur Prozessoptimierung fließgepresster Proben aus dem austenitischen Werkstoff 1.4404 mittels einer aktiven Prozessführung zur Verbesserung des Eigenspannungszustands, wurde das gleiche Verfahren auf den metastabilen austenitischen Werkstoff 1.4307 angewandt. Es wurden neue Erkenntnisse erwartet, da dieses Material bereits bei geringen Umformgraden zur Bildung von verformungsinduziertem Martensit neigt. Zum Vergleich der erwarteten Optimierung des Eigenspannungszustands wurden konventionell fließgepresste Proben hegestellt und spannungsarmgeglüht.Es wurde gezeigt, dass die Reduktion der Zugeigenspannungen durch die aktive Prozessführung beim 1.4307 insbesondere in der martensitischen Phase auftritt, während diese beim 1.4404 im Austenit erfolgt. Durch einen zusätzlichen Prozessschritt der Wärmebehandlung konventionell fließgepresster Proben werden ebenfalls Zugeigenspannungen abgebaut. Allerdings zeigt die Kaltumformung mit aktiver Prozessführung ein höheres Potenzial zur Verbesserung des Eigenspannungszustands.
Gezielte Steuerung der Bauteileigenspannungen durch inkrementelle Blechumformung
Authors: Maaß Fabian , Dobecki Mateus , Hahn Marlon , Reimers Walter , Tekkaya A. Erman 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Prozessführung der inkrementellen Blechumformung beeinflusst maßgeblich den Eigenspannungszustand einer gefertigten Komponente und damit die Produkteigenschaften. Eine kontinuierliche Variation des Zustellinkrements im Umformprozess ermöglicht die lokale Ausbildung vordefinierter Eigenspannungen im Bauteil. Um die lokale Beeinflussung von Eigenspannungen zu analysieren, werden vier Prozessrouten mit unterschiedlichen Zustellinkrement-Kombinationen zur Herstellung einer Kegelstumpfgeometrie experimentell verglichen. Eine Änderung der Zustellinkremente im Prozess verursacht eine Erhöhung des Eigenspannungsniveaus bei sonst gleichbleibenden Produkteigenschaften.
“Keep it simple, scholar”: an experimental analysis of few-parameter segmentation networks for retinal vessels in fundus imaging
Authors: Fu Weilin , Breininger Katharina , Schaffert Roman , Pan Zhaoya , Maier Andreas 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
With the recent development of deep learning technologies, various neural networks have been proposed for fundus retinal vessel segmentation. Among them, the U-Net is regarded as one of the most successful architectures. In this work, we start with simplification of the U-Net, and explore the performance of few-parameter networks on this task.

Methods
We firstly modify the model with popular functional blocks and additional resolution levels, then we switch to exploring the limits for compression of the network architecture. Experiments are designed to simplify the network structure, decrease the number of trainable parameters, and reduce the amount of training data. Performance evaluation is carried out on four public databases, namely DRIVE, STARE, HRF and CHASE_DB1. In addition, the generalization ability of the few-parameter networks are compared against the state-of-the-art segmentation network.

Results
We demonstrate that the additive variants do not significantly improve the segmentation performance. The performance of the models are not severely harmed unless they are harshly degenerated: one level, or one filter in the input convolutional layer, or trained with one image. We also demonstrate that few-parameter networks have strong generalization ability.

Conclusion
It is counter-intuitive that the U-Net produces reasonably good segmentation predictions until reaching the mentioned limits. Our work has two main contributions. On the one hand, the importance of different elements of the U-Net is evaluated, and the minimal U-Net which is capable of the task is presented. On the other hand, our work demonstrates that retinal vessel segmentation can be tackled by surprisingly simple configurations of U-Net reaching almost state-of-the-art performance. We also show that the simple configurations have better generalization ability than state-of-the-art models with high model complexity. These observations seem to be in contradiction to the current trend of continued increase in model complexity and capacity for the task under consideration.
Differences in Health-Related Quality of Life After Gastric Bypass Surgery: a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Antonsson Tobias , Wennersten André , Sörensen Kaisa , Regnér Sara , Ekelund Mikael 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Gastric bypass (GBP) is a surgical method with good evidence of sustainable weight loss, reduced obesity-related comorbidities, and improved health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, long-term data post-GBP is scarce on HRQoL related to other factors than weight loss, such as impact of socio-economic, age, and gender.

Aim
To investigate long-term HRQoL in GBP patients.

Methods
The study was conducted as a cross-sectional study covering 3 to 9 years post-GBP measuring HRQoL using RAND-36. Association to weight loss, time since surgery, gender, educational level, occupation, and age was analyzed. The participants were included on the basis that they had received a GBP that was performed by Region Skåne, the southernmost administrative healthcare region in Sweden. Recruitment to the study was by mail invitation for an online survey.

Results
Of the total population of 5310 persons receiving the questionnaire, 1339 of the 1372 responders fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Those with low educational level, unemployed, persons on sick leave or disability support, and those with less weight loss reported the lowest HRQoL. The longer time since surgery, the lower the HRQoL.

Conclusion
Less weight loss, longer time since GBP, lower educational level, and lower degree of employment all affect HRQoL negatively after GBP surgery.

Graphical abstract
The impact of articulatory consciousness training on reading and spelling literacy in students with severe dyslexia: an experimental single case study
Authors: Thurmann-Moe Anne Cathrine , Melby-Lervåg Monica , Lervåg Arne 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study evaluates the effect of an intervention whose aim is to make articulatory consciousness a tool in decoding and spelling. The sample comprises 11 students with severe dyslexia (2 SD below the mean pseudoword scores), and the intervention programme consists of 32 individual sessions over 8 weeks. The study applies a multiple baseline/probe design with five baseline tests that correspond to a control condition, eight tests during the intervention and five post-intervention tests. On average, the results show significant improvement in all reading and spelling outcomes. However, there were also significant effects on an irrelevant control task (the pegboard test), perhaps indicating testing effects on the dependent variables, making it difficult to draw firm conclusions from the study. Consequently, testing the intervention in randomised trials of children with severe dyslexia is recommended to draw more firm conclusions about its efficacy for this group.