bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cannabis use in Adolescence and Risk of Psychosis: Are there Factors that Moderate this Relationship? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kiburi Sarah Kanana , Molebatsi Keneilwe , Ntlantsana Vuyokazi , Lynskey Michael T. 
Published: February 2021

Background Previous research has reported increased risk for psychosis among individuals who use cannabis during adolescence. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the interaction between adolescent cannabis use and other factors in moderating risk for psychosis later in life. Method We searched four electronic databases in June 2020 for articles that assessed adolescent cannabis use, had psychosis as an outcome and analyzed for the association between adolescent cannabis use and psychosis. Analysis was done using random-effects meta-analysis and narrative synthesis. Results A total of 63 studies were included in the narrative review and 18 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Adolescent cannabis use was found to increase risk for psychosis (RR = 1.71 (95%CI, 1.47–2.00, p < 0.00001) and predict earlier onset of psychosis. The following factors moderate the relationship between cannabis use and the risk of psychosis: age of onset of cannabis use, frequent cannabis use, exposure to childhood trauma, concurrent use of other substances and genetic factors. Conclusion Adolescent cannabis use is associated with an increased risk for psychosis later in life. In addition, there are factors that moderate this relationship; therefore there is a need for research to assess the interaction between these factors, adolescent cannabis use and psychosis risk.
Substance Consumption and Intoxication Patterns in a Medically Supervised Overdose Prevention Program for People Experiencing Homelessness
Authors: Wishik Gabriel , Gaeta Jessie M. , Racine Melanie W. , O'Connell James J. , Baggett Travis P. 
Published: February 2021

Background Opioid overdose is a leading cause of death among homeless individuals. Combining psychoactive substances with opioids increases overdose risk. This study aimed to describe intoxication patterns at a drop-in space offering medical monitoring and harm reduction services to individuals who arrive intoxicated and at risk of overdose. Methods We examined data from visits to the Supportive Place for Observation and Treatment at Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2017. We used k-means cluster analysis to characterize intoxication patterns based on clinically assessed sedation levels and vital sign parameters. Multinomial logistic regression analysis assessed demographic and substance consumption predictors of cluster membership. Linear and logistic regression models examined associations between cluster membership and care outcomes. Results Across 305 care episodes involving 156 unique patients, cluster analysis revealed 3 distinct intoxication patterns. Cluster A (26.6%) had mild sedation and normal vital signs. Cluster B (44.5%) featured greater sedation with bradycardia and/or hypotension. Cluster C (28.9%) was comparable to cluster B but with the addition of hypoxia. Self-reported consumption of non-opioid sedatives prior to arrival was common (63.3% of episodes) and predicted membership in cluster B (aOR 2.75, 95% CI 1.40, 5.40) and cluster C (aOR 3.38, 95% CI 1.48, 7.70). In comparison to cluster A episodes, cluster C episodes were longer (mean 4.8 vs. 2.3 hours, p < 0.001) and more likely to require supplemental oxygen (27.3% vs. 2.5%, p < 0.001). Few episodes required hospital transfer (4.7%) or naloxone (1.0%). No deaths occurred. Conclusions In a medically supervised overdose monitoring program, reported use of non-opioid sedatives strongly predicted more complex clinical courses and should be factored into overdose prevention efforts. Low-threshold medical monitoring in an ambulatory setting was sufficient for most episodes, suggesting a role for such programs in reducing harm and averting costly emergency services.
“The Assessment Really Helps you with the First Step in Recovery.” What do Clients Think Substance use Disorder Treatment Intake Assessments Should Look Like?
Authors: Treiman Katherine , Padwa Howard , Mark Tami L. , Tzeng Janice , Gilbert Marylou 
Published: February 2021

Background In general, research has found that patient-centered substance use disorder treatment is positively correlated with improved patient outcomes. However, little research has examined what factors make intake assessments—the first step in addiction treatment—patient-centered. Methods We conducted interviews with 30 Medicaid-enrolled individuals who received addiction treatment in California about their experiences with the intake assessment process. Results Participants reported that the intake assessment process evoked strong feelings, both positive and negative. Some participants said that answering detailed questions about their substance use, mental health, and social relationships, for example, was cathartic and gave them helpful insights. Other participants found the questions invasive, exhausting, and anxiety provoking. Participants also emphasized how critical it is for the person conducting the assessment to be supportive, nonjudgmental, and attentive. Participants recommended delaying the comprehensive assessment because they did not feel physically or emotionally ready to complete the intake. Conclusions and recommendations Patients’ introduction to addiction treatment is typically the intake assessment. By understanding how patients experience intake assessments, providers can make the process more patient-centered, which may lead to improved patient outcomes.
Tunable terahertz Dirac semimetal metamaterials
Authors: He Xiaoyong , Liu Feng , Lin Fangting , Shi Wangzhou 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The tunable propagation properties of 3D Dirac semimetal (DSM) patterned metamaterial (MM) structures have been symmetrically investigated in the terahertz (THz) regime. The results demonstrate that the resonant properties are very sensitive to the thicknesses of DSM MMs, and hundreds of nanometers are required to excite strong resonant curves. The DSM MMs support both strong LC and dipolar resonances, quite different from graphene MM patterns which mainly depend on dipolar resonance. As the Fermi level increases, the resonant strength becomes stronger, and significant modulation can be achieved, e.g. the amplitude and frequency modulation depths of transmission curves are more than 99% and 80%, respectively. In addition, by utilizing asymmetrical resonators, a very sharp Fano resonant peak is achieved with a large Q-factor of more than 25, for which the figure of merit is about 20. The results are very helpful to understand the tunable mechanisms of DSM devices and design novel THz plasmonic components, such as modulators, filters, and sensors.
How to solve problems in micro- and nanofabrication caused by the emission of electrons and charged metal atoms during e-beam evaporation
Authors: Volmer Frank , Seidler Inga , Bisswanger Timo , Tu Jhih-Sian , Schreiber Lars R , Stampfer Christoph , Beschoten Bernd 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We discuss how the emission of electrons and ions during electron-beam-induced physical vapor deposition can cause problems in micro- and nanofabrication processes. After giving a short overview of different types of radiation emitted from an electron-beam (e-beam) evaporator and how the amount of radiation depends on different deposition parameters and conditions, we highlight two phenomena in more detail: First, we discuss an unintentional shadow evaporation beneath the undercut of a resist layer caused by the one part of the metal vapor which got ionized by electron-impact ionization. These ions first lead to an unintentional build-up of charges on the sample, which in turn results in an electrostatic deflection of subsequently incoming ionized metal atoms toward the undercut of the resist. Second, we show how low-energy secondary electrons during the metallization process can cause cross-linking, blisters, and bubbles in the respective resist layer used for defining micro- and nanostructures in an e-beam lithography process. After the metal deposition, the cross-linked resist may lead to significant problems in the lift-off process and causes leftover residues on the device. We provide a troubleshooting guide on how to minimize these effects, which e.g. includes the correct alignment of the e-beam, the avoidance of contaminations in the crucible and, most importantly, the installation of deflector electrodes within the evaporation chamber.
Isospin effects on the chiral phase transition
Authors: Xu Shu-Sheng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We discuss the chiral and pion-superfluidity phase transitions at finite isospin chemical potential within the framework of Dyson–Schwinger equations. With the help of the quark scalar and pseudo-scalar condensates, which are widely accepted as order parameters of chiral and pion-superfluidity phase transitions respectively, we show that there is a second-order phase transition at isospin chemical potential μ

I
∼ m

π
. Thereafter, we investigate the isospin effects on the chiral phase transition and on the critical point as well as the critical end point (CEP). The chiral phase transition line splits into two lines at finite μ

I
, and the CEP splits into two CEPs as well.
Measurement of fission excitation function for 19F +
194, 196, 198Pt reactions
Authors: Singh Varinderjit , Behera B R , Kaur Maninder , Jhingan A , Kaur Rupinder , Sugathan P , Siwal Davinder , Goyal S , Singh K P , Pal Santanu , Saxena A , Kailas S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Experimental fission cross-sections are reported for the 19F + 194,196,198Pt reactions populating an isotopic chain of compound nuclei comprising both closed and non-closed shell nuclei. The fission cross-sections are obtained at near and above Coulomb barrier energies by measuring fission fragment angular distributions. The present work aims to estimate nuclear dissipation and find its isotopic and shell closure dependence from statistical model (SM) analysis of experimental data. Pre-scission neutron multiplicity data for the same systems is also included in the SM analysis. An updated version of SM is used in the present analysis, which includes shell corrections in level density and fission barrier as well as the effect of collective enhancement of level density and orientation effect of the compound nucleus along the symmetry axis. An isotopic dependence of the dissipation strength fitting the fission excitation functions is observed. The pre-scission neutron multiplicity, however, is underestimated by the SM.
On the structural and thermo-magnetic study of the magnetocaloric Heusler alloy Ni2Mn1-x
Cu
x
Ga0.8Al0.2
Authors: Silva L E L , Patiño J C , Gomes A M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Full Heusler alloys present martensitic transition and shape memory effect related phenomena and several technological applications can be envisaged. One promising area is the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) as the magnetic and structural transitions combine to produce a large isothermal entropy and adiabatic temperature change useful for heating and cooling applications. In this work, we study a Ni–(Mn, Cu)–(Ga, Al) Heusler alloy family which has a giant MCE when the chemical composition is fine-tuned to bring the temperature of the second-order magnetic transition close the first-order structural one. Our results show that, for a certain range of copper concentration, the samples show interesting physical properties captured by calorimetric, microscopy imaging, and magnetization measurements, leading to a high MCE with minimized hysteresis.
Metal cyclopropenylidene sandwich cluster and nanowire: structural, electronic, and magnetic properties
Authors: Liu Ying , Lv Haifeng , Wu Xiaojun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Organometallic sandwich clusters and nanowires can offer prototypes for molecular ferromagnet and nanoscale spintronic devices due to the strong coupling of local magnetic moments in the nanowires direction and experimental feasibility. Here, on the basis of first-principles calculations, we report TM

n
(c-C3H2)
n+1 (TM = Ti, Mn; n = 1–4) sandwich clusters and 1D [TM(c-C3H2)]∞ sandwich nanowires building from transitional metal and the smallest aromatic carbene of cyclopropenylidene (c-C3H2). Based on the results of lattice dynamic and thermodynamic studies, we show that the magnetic moment of Mn
n
(c-C3H2)
n+1 clusters increases linearly with the number of n, and 1D [Mn(c-C3H2)]∞ nanowire is a stable ferromagnetic semiconductor, which can be converted into half metal with carrier doping. In contrary, both Ti
n
(c-C3H2)
n+1 and 1D [Ti(c-C3H2)]∞ nanowire are nonmagnetic materials. This study reveals the potential application of the [TM(c-C3H2)]∞ nanowire in spintronics.
Side-chain engineering of copolymers based on benzotriazole (BTA) and dithieno[2,3-d;2′,3′-d′]benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b′]dithiophenes (DTBDT) enables a high PCE of 14.6%
Authors: Zhou Jialing , Zhang Bao , Du Mengzhen , Dai Tingting , Tang Ailing , Guo Qiang , Zhou Erjun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Dithieno[2,3-d;2′,3′-d′]benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b′]dithiophenes (DTBDT) is a kind of prospective candidate for constructing donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) copolymer donors applied in organic solar cells but is restricted due to its relatively poor photovoltaic performance compared with benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b′]dithiophenes (BDT)-based analog. Herein, three conjugated polymers (PE51, PE52 and PE53)-based DTBDT and benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole (BTA) bearing different lengths of alkyl side chain were designed and synthesized. The change in alkyl chain length can obviously affect the energy level distribution, molecular stacking, miscibility and morphology with the non-fullerene acceptor of Y6. Polymer PE52 with a moderate alkyl chain realized the highest short-current density (J
SC) and fill factor (FF) of 25.36 mA cm−2 and 71.94%, respectively. Compared with BDT-based analog J52-Cl, the significantly enhanced crystallinity and intermolecular interaction of PE52 had effectively boosted the charge transport characteristic and optimized the surface morphology, thereby increasing the power conversion efficiency from 12.3% to an impressive 14.6%, which is the highest value among DTBDT-based and BTA-based polymers. Our results show that not only could high efficiency be achieved via using DTBDT as a D unit, but the length of the alkyl chain on BTA has a significant impact on the photovoltaic performance.
Generation of attosecond electron bunches and x-ray pulses from few-cycle femtosecond laser pulses
Authors: Ferri J , Horný V , Fülöp T 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Laser-plasma electron accelerators can be used to produce high-intensity x-rays, as electrons accelerated in wakefields emit radiation due to betatron oscillations. Such x-ray sources inherit the features of the electron beam; sub-femtosecond electron bunches produce betatron sources of the same duration, which in turn allow probing matter on ultrashort time scales. In this paper we show, via Particle-in-Cell simulations, that attosecond electron bunches can be obtained using low-energy, ultra-short laser beams both in the self-injection and the controlled injection regimes at low plasma densities. However, only in the controlled regime does the electron injection lead to a stable, isolated attosecond electron bunch. Such ultrashort electron bunches are shown to emit attosecond x-ray bursts with high brilliance.
Automated android-based book order system
Authors: Ogundokun Roseline Oluwaseun , Oladele Rufus O. , Misra Sanjay , Ejegwa Grace Onyemowo , Jaglan Vivek 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An ordering system is a collection of elaborate procedures used to handle and manage the ordering process of resources. An online book ordering system is a system that allows customers to purchase books online from a seller’s website. The objective of this study was to develop an android-based application for ordering books. The system consists of two main sub-systems: the administrator system and the user system. The plan, which was built using a private university in the North Central of Nigeria as a case study, is user-friendly, efficient, and robust. The study overcame the shortcomings in the existing book order systems. It provided an effective and efficient book order system for customers and the system as well as provided an environment where a customer was provided with a secure mode of operation and searching platform to access books online. The study developed an infrastructure accessible through the internet that can be used to order books and make payments for books bought and lastly the system created a more user-friendly interface.
A Product Authentication Scheme for Supply Chain system via Smart Contracts using Blockchain Technology and Facial Recognition
Authors: Srivatsa D , Aakash Nithin , Sahisnu S , Kumar Priyanka 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The supply chain management industry is struggling with inadequate resources for efficient authenticity verification. Blockchain technology and smart contracts can overcome such conventional limitations to authenticate products in an easy, economical and secure manner. Decentralized and immutable blockchain systems allow product tracking to its origin.In this paper we have proposed and implemented a system for product authentication using blockchain technology based on ethereum platform by making use of smart contracts. We have analysed the existing centralized system and the need to shift from the existing centralized system to a decentralized blockchain based ledger technology. The use of blockchain technology in supply chain technology has reduced the complexity in product authentication by making the entire history of the product available from its production stage till it reaches the customer.
Pyropheophorbide-a derivatives as a dye compound for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC): Theoretical investigation
Authors: Hutasoit H P , Sudarlin  
Published: February 2021

AbstractA pyropheophorbide-a (PPhe-a) derivatives were theoretically investigated using DFT/TD-DFT theory for DSSC application. Investigating the PPhe-a derivatives structure-properties relationships to understand prospects as a dye on DSSC. The geometry optimization using NWChem with 6-31G* basis set. The optimum HOMO-LUMO energy was calculated to be -4,855 eV for HOMO energy and -2,566 eV for LUMO energy (3PPhe-a). The optimum coupling constant was calculated to be 0,465 (4PPhe-a). The optimum ΔGinjectwas calculated to be -2,364 (3PPhe-a). The optimum LHE was calculated to be 0,577 (1PPhe-a). The UV-Vis absorption parameters and electron density parameters show the similarity of characters. The results showed that PPhe-a derivatives can be used as a dye on DSSC. The 3PPhe-a shows the optimum ability as a dye on DSSC.
Synthesis and Characterizations of Kubukatebu Particle Board from Cacao Peels and Bagasse
Authors: Hidayati Rahmi , Salamah Ummi , Suryani Rahmi , Sumiati Ruzita , Yetri Yuli 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This research concerns on the manufacture of KUBUKATEBU particle board from a mixture of cacao peels and bagasse, with variations in the length of the bagasse fibers and the particle size of cacao peels in terms of their physical and thermal properties. The measured parameters were water content, density, water absorption, and thermal conductivity. This particle board was made with 5 variations of cacao peels powder, the ones that could get through the sifter namely 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mesh (149, 177, 250, 400, and 841 μm), and 5 variations of bagasse fiber length, namely: 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 cm. The composition of cacao peels and bagasse fibers were 50:50 and 16% isocyanate adhesive content. The obtained physical properties of particle board variations in particle size of cacao peels were water content values 9.27-13.05%, densities 0.89-1.23 g/cm3, water absorption 11.11-52.28%, and properties thermal conductivity 7.26×10−3-9.0×10−3 W/m°C. As for the particle board variation of bagasse fiber length variation, the obtained values were 0.100-0.135% for water content, 0.9-1.30 g/cm3 for density, 0.2-0.6% for water absorption, and 6.5x10−3-8.5×10−3 W/m°C for thermal conductivity properties. Hence, the produced physical properties of KUBUKATEBU particle board had achieved the standards set by SNI 03-2105-2006, and JIS A 5908 (2003), on the contrary to the thermal conductivity properties.
Utilization of C-Cinnamal Calix[4] Resorcinarene as Adsorbent for Methanil Yellow
Authors: Etika S B , Nasra E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Rapid population growth causes many the environmental problems. One of them is the pollution of methanil yellow in the water. One of the effective methods in controlling water pollution caused by dyes is the adsorption method with a batch system. C-Cinnamal Calix [4] Resorsinarene (CCCR) compound is a compound synthesized from cinnamon oil waste that has great potential to be developed as adsorbent for dangerous dyes. The purpose of this study is to determine the maximum absorption capacity of CCCR towards methanil yellow using optimum conditions parameters (concentration and contact time). Absorption of methanil yellow in solution by C-Cinnamal Calix [4] resorcinarene (CCCR) compounds is carried out at the optimum pH of 3 with concentration variations of 20, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/L. The amount of methanil yellow reaches an absorption capacity of 1.83 mg/g at a concentration of 150 mg/L, while for the contact time is carried out at the optimum pH and concentration with variations in contact time of 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes. The Results show that the optimum contact time was 150 minutes with an absorption capacity of 2.1375 mg/g.
The Role of Na2SiO3 Loading in the Synthesis of Fe3O4-Fe2O3@SiO2 Composite
Authors: Aini S , Azra F , Rahma N , Cahyadi A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Mesoporous silica on the surface of nanoparticles’ magnetic Fe3O4-Fe2O3 has been synthesized in one pot reaction method by using Sijunjung iron sand and Na2SiO3 as raw materials. The influence of Na2SiO3 mole as raw materials on the existence of silica pore size on the surface of Fe3O4-Fe2O3 composite product has been studied. The product were characterized by X-ray diffraction. The results showed that mesoporous silica start to form on the surface of the Fe3O4-Fe2O3 composite when Na2SiO3 was used 8 times moles of iron sand. The increasing of Na2SiO3 mole lead to increase of OH−concentration and transformed some Fe3O4 into Fe2O3
Synthesis of the Halal Fragrance Compound Menthyl p- Anisate from Fennel Oil
Authors: Prabawati Susy Yunita , Yahdiyani Atika , Saputra Yoga 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Menthyl p-anisate is an ester compound which can be used as chemical base of halal fragrance. Synthesis of menthyl p-anisate from Fennel Oil has been conducted. p-an1sate acid was derivative of anethol from fennel oil that undergo oxidation process by KMnO4 at 40°C for 2 hours. Esterification with menthol carried out at 40°C for 7 hours. Identification and determination of structure compound of the product was analysed by spectroscopic methods (FTIR and GC-MS). Organoleptic evaluation of the fragrance was carried out by 20 semi-trained panellists. The result showed that identification of menthyl p-anisate using FTIR indicated the presence of C-O ester at 1223,41 cm−1 and 1180,44 cm−1; and C = O carbonyl at 1689.64 cm−1. However, methyl p-anisate was different from menthol which is shown by mass spectra with the absence of m/z 71 and m/z 57 peak. Organoleptic evaluation suggested that the menthyl p-anisate compound is in range of “fragrant” with score 4,90, “very sharp fragrant” with score 5,90, and acceptance in range of “preferred” with score 5,00. Thus, follow the conclusion that the compound exerted potent ability as chemical component in halal fragrant.