bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positron emission tomography/computed tomography findings of lung invasive adenocarcinoma subgroups and comparison of their short-term survivals
Authors: Ağaoğlu Şanlı Bahar , İlknur Ulugün Fatma , Karaçam Volkan , Gürel Duygu , Bekiş Recep , Şanlı Aydın , Özdemir Nezih 
Published: September 2021

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the maximum standardized uptake values on positron emission tomography/ computed tomography and survival of lung invasive adenocarcinoma subgroups.
Methods: Between January 2010 and January 2016, a total of 152 patients (112 males, 40 females; mean age: 64.2±8.6 years; range, 41 to 88 years) who underwent lung resection for an invasive adenocarcinoma were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into subgroups as follows: acinar, lepidic, micropapillary, papillary, and solid. The maximum standardized uptake values in the imaging study and their relationship with survival were examined.
Results: There were 84 acinar (55%), 31 solid (20%), 23 lepidic (15%), nine papillary (5%), and five micropapillary (3%) cases. The positron emission tomography/computed tomography enhancement showed a statistically significant difference among the subgroups (p=0.004). The solid subgroup was the most involved (9.76), followed by micropapillary (8.98), acinar (8.06), papillary (5.82), and lepidic (4.23) subgroups, respectively. According to Tumor, Node, Metastasis staging, Stage I was present in 48.68% (n=74) of the cases, Stage II in 25.0% (n=38), Stage III in 25.0% (n=38), and Stage IV in 1.31% (n=2). The one-year, three-year, and five-year survival rates were significantly different among the disease stages (p=0.01). The longest survival duration was in the lepidic subgroup, although it did not reach statistical significance among the subgroups (p=0.587).
Conclusion: The evaluation of invasive adenocarcinomas based on maximum standardized uptake values provides valuable information and may guide neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies in the future.
Surgical results of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary endarterectomy in our recently developed program
Authors: Orhan Gökçen , Kuplay Hüseyin , Selçuk Nehir , Sert Sena , Yıldırımtürk Özlem 
Published: September 2021

Background: In this case series, we aimed to present our diagnostic workup, surgical management, and results of the patients who underwent pulmonary endarterectomy.
Methods: In this case series, a total of 26 patients (8 males, 18 females; median age: 58 years; range, 34 to 67 years) who were evaluated by a multidisciplinary team and were diagnosed with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension who underwent pulmonary endarterectomy in our clinic between November 2015 and December 2019 were included. Pulmonary endarterectomy procedure was performed in all cases under cardiopulmonary bypass and total circulatory arrest. The results of the procedures were analyzed retrospectively.
Results: Perioperative complications were observed in seven patients (26.9%) and in-hospital mortality rate caused by perioperative complications was 15.38%. At one-year of postoperative follow-up, the mean systolic pulmonary artery pressure decreased from 78±22 mmHg to 41±20 mmHg, pulmonary vascular resistance decreased from 698±10 dyn·s·cm-5 to 235±10 dyn·s·cm-5, 6-min walk distance increased from 345±10 m to 460±10 m and, arterial oxygen saturation increased from 85±3.5% to 95±4%. New York Heart Association functional class improvement from Class III-IV to Class I-II was observed in most patients, and one-year mortality rate was 19.23%.
Conclusion: We suggest that patients diagnosed chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension should be referred to cardiac surgery centers for pulmonary thromboendarterectomy, early before irreversible arteriopathy occurs.
Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in-hospital cardiac arrest due to acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Emre Gürcü Mustafa , Külahçıoğlu Şeyhmus , Karaca Baysal Pınar , Fidan Serdar , Doğan Cem , Deniz Acar Rezzan , Erkılınç Atakan , Alıcı Gökhan , Özdemir Nihal , Kırali Kaan 
Published: September 2021

Background:The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation on survival and neurological outcomes in in-hospital cardiac arrest patients.Methods:Between January 2018 and December 2020, a total of 22 patients (17 males, 5 females; mean age: 52.8±9.0 years; range, 32 to 70 years) treated with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation using veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for in-hospital cardiac arrest after acute coronary syndrome were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups as those weaned (n=13) and non-weaned (n=9) from the veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Demographic data of the patients, heart rhythms at the beginning of conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the angiographic and interventional results, survival and neurological outcomes of the patients before and after extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation were recorded.Results:There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of comorbidity and baseline laboratory test values. The underlying rhythm was ventricular fibrillation in 92% of the patients in the weaned group and there was no cardiac rhythm in 67% of the patients in the non-weaned group (p=0.125). The recovery in the mean left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly evident in the weaned group (36.5±12.7% vs. 21.1±7.4%, respectively; p=0.004). The overall wean rate from veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was 59.1%; however, the discharge rate from hospital of survivors without any neurological sequelae was 36.4%.Conclusion:In-hospital cardiac arrest is a critical emergency situation requiring instantly life-saving interventions through conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation. If it fails, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be initiated, regardless the underlying etiology or rhythm disturbances. An effective conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation is mandatory to prevent brain and body hypoperfusion.
O papel da cartografia na formação inicial do docente, seus limites e possibilidades na licenciatura em geografia
Authors: Cruz Dayana Aparecida Marques de Oliveira , Ferreira Mariana da Silva 
Published: September 2021

Este artigo discute o papel da linguagem cartográfica na formação inicial do docente, destacando limites e possibilidades. O fazer cartográfico mesmo estando ligado historicamente às classes dominantes se apresenta como possibilidade de ler e interpretar o mundo em seus diversos cenários cotidianos. Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica o estudo corrobora para apresentar caminhos que possibilitem romper os limites impostos à Cartografia e apreendê-la como linguagem cuja contribuição para o ensino de Geografia corrobore para a formação do indivíduo com vistas a uma formação cidadã. Consideramos que os limites na formação do docente em Geografia quanto à linguagem cartográfica são impostos por uma prática que necessita de reflexão. Refletir sobre essa prática pedagógica passa por pensar a educação para a formação cidadã, em como a cartografia se apresenta na formação inicial do docente em Geografia e em metodologias da linguagem cartográfica que contribuam para fazer esse fim.
Effectiveness, tolerability and safety of Direct Acting Antivirals in Mexican individuals with Hepatitis C virus genotype-1 and previous pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy
Authors: Melendez-Mena Daniel , Mendoza-Torres Miguel Angel , Sedeño-Monge Virginia , García y García Víctor Hugo , Rivera-García Elain , Sánchez-Reza Laura , Baxin Domínguez María del Carmen , Guzmán-Flores Belinda , Martinez-Laguna Ygnacio , Coronel Espinoza José Manuel , Galindo-Santiago Iván , Flores-Alonso Juan Carlos , Vallejo-Ruiz Verónica , Cortes-Hernandez Paulina , Reyes-Leyva Julio , Sosa-Jurado Francisca , Santos-López Gerardo 
Published: September 2021

Background
Direct Acting Antivirals (DAAs) represent a large improvement in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C, resulting in <90% sustained virological response (SVR). There are no reports on the real-world DAA response for Mexico and few reports exist for Latin America. The aim of the study was to report SVR, and immediate benefits with the DAA treatments sofosbuvir, ledispavir, with/without ribavirin (SOF/LDV ± RBV) and ombitasvir, paritaprevir, ritonavir, dasabuvir with/without RBV (OBV/PTV/r/DSV ± RBV) in patients with viral genotype 1a or 1b, and who did not respond to previous peginterferon/ribavirin (PegIFNα2a+RBV) therapy.

Methods
A descriptive, ambispective, longitudinal study was conducted. A cohort of 261 adult patients received PegIFNα2a+RBV therapy before 2014; 167 (64%) did not respond, 83 of these were subsequently treated with SOF/LDV ± RBV or OBV/PTV/r/DSV ± RBV. Child-Pugh-Score (CPS), Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4), and AST to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) were evaluated before and after treatment.

Results
SVR with PegIFNα2a+RBV was 36%, and 97.5% with DAAs. CPS, FIB-4 and APRI improved significantly after DAA treatment, mainly because of liver transaminase reduction.

Conclusions
DAA treatment showed excellent SVR rates in Mexican patients who had not responded to PegIFNα2a+RBV therapy. Improvement in CPS, FIB-4 and APRI without improvement in fibrosis was observed in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients, as well as considerable reduction in liver transaminases, which suggests a reduction in hepatic necroinflammation.
Amines By Reduction
Authors: Natte Kishore , Jagadeesh Rajenahally V. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAmong different kinds of chemicals, amines represent essential compounds widely used as fine and bulk chemicals, which serve as key intermediates and central precursors in chemical, pharmaceuticals, agrochemical, and materials industries. Moreover, amine functionalities constitute important motifs presented in a large of number of life science molecules, which play vital roles in their activities and functions. For the synthesis of amines, catalytic reduction of nitro compounds and nitriles and reductive aminations are widely used to produce primary, secondary, and tertiary amines as well as drug targets. In this article, we discuss the recent developments on reduction of nitro compounds, nitriles, and reductive aminations using mainly nonnoble metal‐based catalysts in the presence of molecular hydrogen to access different kinds of amines.
Size Reduction
Authors: Liu Gary 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Size reduction is an extremely important unit operation, whereby materials are subjected to stress in order to reduce the size of individual pieces. The stress is applied by transmitting mechanical force to the solid.
A significant goal of size reduction processes is to improve overall efficiency. This goal of size reduction varies depending on the final application of the product but typically is covered by preparation of naturally occurring raw materials for subsequent separation processes, for example, ore preparation to allow concentration of the valuable fraction; preparation of raw materials for subsequent chemically or physically reactive processes, for example, enlargement of the surface area to promote reactivity or to develop the coloring properties of pigments; production of a defined particle‐size distribution necessary for a final application, for example, fillers for plastics, rubber, and paint; and preparation of waste materials for recycling, for example, shredding of old tires and waste plastic granulation.
Size reduction of solids is an extremely energy‐intensive operation, with estimates of the total U.S. electricity production that is consumed by the process ranging around 2%. Minerals processing accounts for over 50% of this usage, and cement production accounts for about 25%. Only a small fraction, often below 1% of this energy, is used efficiently for size reduction, with the remainder being converted mainly into heat. This article gives an overview of the mechanics of size reduction and the equipment available. However, the science still relies heavily on experience, and it is important that requirements be discussed extensively with equipment manufacturers and large‐scale test work carried out prior to decisions being made on the most suitable methods to achieve a given requirement.
Mechanical Solid–Liquid Separation
Authors: Anlauf Harald 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe separation of a suspension into its continuous liquid and disperse solid phase can be realized principally by thermal or mechanical means, whereby the emphasis is put here on the mechanical separation methods. Mechanical solid–liquid separation represents a cross‐sectional technology and is relevant for a range of particle sizes from some millimeters down to some nanometers. One can distinguish systematically into density separation processes, such as sedimentation and flotation; filtration processes, such as depth filtration, cake, cross‐flow, and sieve/blocking filtration; and processes that are using electric or magnetic properties of the particles. The huge variety of solid–liquid separation apparatuses and machines can be classified clearly by a physically based scheme. Various special tasks can be in the center of interest, such as thickening, clarification, deliquoring, washing, three‐phase separation and extraction, sorting, and classification. Several measures are available to enhance the basic separation processes, such as mechanical–thermal hybrid processes, batchwise or continuously operating processes, apparatus combinations, and slurry pretreatment. Last but not least, far important aspects of progress in solid–liquid separation technology can be summed up under the keyword digitalization and simulation. Most modern methods of numerical simulation enable to create digital twins of separation apparatuses, which can be used in many different ways.
Enantioselective Hydroformylation
Authors: Tazawa Toshiki , Phanopoulos Andreas , Nozaki Kyoko 
Published: September 2021

Hydroformylation is powerful catalytic reaction capable of converting alkenes directly into aldehydes by addition of a formyl group and hydrogen across the double bond. Installation of the formyl group at an internal carbon establishes a chiral center, and a variety of chiral ligands may be employed to direct the enantioselectivity of the reaction. The alkene substrates are easily accessed, and the resultant aldehydes are common precursors for diverse synthetic manipulations.
This chapter covers enantioselective hydroformylation from its inception, presents the most common metal precursors and ligands, and includes all examples that produce aldehydes with yields above 20% and enantioselectivity above 60:40 er. The initial discussion focuses on the mechanism and stereochemistry, and on the regio‐ and enantioselectivity‐determining steps in particular, as these are crucial for overall yield. The “Scope and Limitations” section is divided by substrate type and offers examples of exceptional catalytic systems that have been reported for each. The application of enantioselective hydroformylation to synthetic procedures is discussed by highlighting some reported examples, comparing it to other protocols that also afford chiral aldehydes, and exploring the standard experimental conditions.
The intention of this review is to demonstrate the power and scope of enantioselective hydroformylation to researchers, and to provide a suitable starting point for those interested in its application to their own synthetic strategies.
Stochastic analysis of the diffusion least mean square and normalized least mean square algorithms for cyclostationary white Gaussian and non‐Gaussian inputs
Authors: Eweda Eweda , Bershad Neil J. , Bermudez Jose C. M. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe diffusion least mean square (DLMS) and the diffusion normalized least mean square (DNLMS) algorithms are analyzed for a network having a fusion center. This structure reduces the dimensionality of the resulting stochastic models while preserving important diffusion properties. The analysis is done in a system identification framework for cyclostationary white nodal inputs. The system parameters vary according to a random walk model. The cyclostationarity is modeled by periodic time variations of the nodal input powers. The analysis holds for all types of nodal input distributions except for distributions with infinite variance. The derived models consist of simple scalar recursions. These recursions facilitate the understanding of the network mean and mean‐square dependence upon the 1) nodal weighting coefficients, 2) nodal input kurtosis and cyclostationarities, 3) nodal noise powers, and 4) the unknown system mean‐square parameter increments. Optimization of the node weighting coefficients is studied. Also investigated is the stability dependence of the two algorithms upon the nodal input kurtosis and weighting coefficients. Significant differences are found between the behaviors of the DLMS and DNLMS algorithms for non‐Gaussian nodal inputs. Simulations provide strong support for the theory.
On practical solutions of series elastic actuator control in the context of active disturbance rejection
Authors: Chen Jinfeng , Hu Yu , Gao Zhiqiang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, customized series elastic actuator (SEA) force and position control solutions are proposed to achieve high performance while keeping the bandwidth low. In the context of active disturbance rejection, the higher the bandwidth of extended state observer, the more robust and accurate the closed‐loop performance. However, high bandwidth requires high sampling frequency and low measurement noise, leading to higher cost in practice. It is shown in this paper that the bandwidth can be lowered without sacrificing performance by incorporating additional information into the design, including not only the entire known SEA model information but also angle measurements of both the motor and the load. In addition, this allows both matched and mismatched disturbances, at the motor and the load side respectively, to be estimated and mitigated in real time, thus making the design more robust. Simulation results verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach.
Porous Pd/NiFeOx Nanosheets Enhance the pH‐Universal Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Zhang Wen , Jiang Xue , Dong Zemeng , Wang Jing , Zhang Ning , Liu Jie , Xu Guang‐Rui , Wang Lei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractModulating the morphology and chemical composition is an efficient strategy to enhance the catalytic activity for water splitting, since it is still a great challenge to develop a bifunctional catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) over a wide pH range. Herein, Pd/NiFeOx nanosheets are synthesized with tightly arranged petal nanosheets and uniform mesoporous structure on nickel foam (NF). The porous 2D structure yields a larger surface area and exposes more active sites, facilitating water splitting at all pH values. The overpotential of Pd/NiFeOx nanosheets for OER is only 180, 169, and 310 mV in 1 m KOH, 0.5 m H2SO4, and 1 m phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) conditions at 10 mA cm−2 current density, as well as excellent HER activity with ultralow overpotential in a wide pH range. When using porous Pd/NiFeOx nanosheets as bifunctional catalysts for water splitting, it just required a cell voltage of 1.57 V to reach a current density of 20 mA cm−2 with nearly 100% faradic efficiency in alkaline conditions, which is much lower than that of benchmark Pt/CǁRuO2 (1.76 V) couples, along with the improving stability benefiting from the good corrosion resistance of the inner NiFeOx nanosheets.
Optimized Cathode for High‐Energy Sodium‐Ion Based Dual‐Ion Full Battery with Fast Kinetics
Authors: Sun Zhiqin , Zhu Kunjie , Liu Pei , Li Haixia , Jiao Lifang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe most used systems based on the graphite‐based cathode show unsatisfactory performance in dual‐ion batteries. Developing new type cathode materials with high capacity for new type anions storage is an effective way to improve the total performance of dual‐ion batteries. Herein, a protonated polyaniline (P‐PANI) cathode is prepared to realize efficient and stable storage of ClO4–, and a high reversible capacity of 143 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 after 200 cycles can be obtained, which is competitive compared with common graphite cathodes. In addition, the highly reversible coordination storage mechanism between ClO4− and P‐PANI cathode is indicated, rather than the labored intercalation reactions between PF6− and graphite. Subsequently, a full cell (P‐PANI//N‐PDHC) fabricated with a P‐PANI cathode and hard carbon anode (N‐PDHC) can deliver a high energy density of 284 Wh kg–1 for 2000 cycles at 2 A g–1, and the relevant pouch‐type full cell can easily power a smartphone. In general, this work may promote the exploitation of sodium‐based dual‐ion batteries in practical application.
Superior Flexibility in Oxide Ceramic Crystal Nanofibers
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Liu Shujie , Yan Jianhua , Zhang Xiaohua , Xia Shuhui , Zhao Yun , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOxide crystal ceramics are commonly hard and brittle, when they are bent they typically fracture. Such mechanical response limits the use of these materials in emerging fields like wearable electronics. Here, a polymer‐induced assembly strategy is reported to construct orderly assembled TiO2 crystals into continuous nanofibers that are stretchable, bendable, and even knottable. Ball‐milling the spinning sol and curved‐drafting the electrospun nanofibers significantly improve the molecular structural order and reduce pore defects in the precursor nanofibers. Using this method, continuous TiO2 nanofibers, in which orderly assembled TiO2 nanocrystals (brick) are connected by twin grain boundaries or an amorphous region (mortar), are formed after sintering. Mechanical measurements and finite element analysis simulation indicate that the dislocation slip of “bricks” and the elastic deformation of “mortar” render the nanofibers with a small bending rigidity of ≈22 mN and a small elastic modulus of ≈20.8 Gpa, thus displaying properties associated with both soft and hard matter. More importantly, the reported approach can be easily extended to synthesize a wide range of soft, yet tough ceramic membranes, such as ZrO2 and SiO2.
A Cascade Battery: Coupling Two Sequential Electrochemical Reactions in a Single Battery
Authors: Dai Chunlong , Hu Linyu , Jin Xuting , Chen Hao , Zhang Xinqun , Zhang Shaohua , Song Li , Ma Hongyun , Xu Maowen , Zhao Yang , Zhang Zhipan , Cheng Huhu , Qu Liangti 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCurrently, rechargeable electrochemical batteries generally operate on one reversible electrochemical reaction during discharging and charging cycles. Here, a cascade battery that couples two sequential electrochemical reactions in a single battery is proposed. Such a concept is demonstrated in an aqueous Zn–S hybrid battery, where solid sulfur serves as the cathode in the first discharge step and the generated Cu2S catalyzes Cu2+ reduce to Cu/Cu2O to provide the second discharge step. The cascade battery shows many merits compared to traditional batteries. First, it integrates two batteries internally, eliminating the use of additional inactive connecting materials required for external integration. Second, it can more fully utilize the inactive reaction chamber of the battery than traditional batteries. Third, cascade battery can bypass the challenges of thick solid electrode to access high areal capacity. An ultrahigh areal capacity of 48 mAh cm−2 is achieved even at a low solid cathode loading (9.6 mg cm−2). The cascade battery design breaks the stereotype of conventional battery configuration, providing a paradigm for constructing two‐in‐one batteries.