bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the impact of the Global Point Prevalence Survey of Antimicrobial Consumption and Resistance (Global-PPS) on hospital antimicrobial stewardship programmes: results of a worldwide survey
Authors: Pauwels Ines , Versporten Ann , Vermeulen Helene , Vlieghe Erika , Goossens Herman 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The Global Point Prevalence Survey of Antimicrobial Consumption and Resistance (Global-PPS) provides a methodology to support hospitals worldwide in collecting antimicrobial use data. We aim to evaluate the impact of the Global-PPS on local antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programmes and assess health care professionals’ educational needs and barriers for implementing AMS.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was disseminated within the Global-PPS network. The target audience consisted of hospital healthcare workers, involved in local surveillance of antimicrobial consumption and resistance. This included contacts from hospitals that already participated in the Global-PPS or were planning to do so. The survey contained 24 questions that addressed the hospital’s AMS activities, experiences conducting the PPS, as well as the learning needs and barriers for implementing AMS.

Results
A total of 248 hospitals from 74 countries participated in the survey, of which 192 had already conducted the PPS at least once. The survey response rate was estimated at 25%. In 96.9% of these 192 hospitals, Global-PPS participation had led to the identification of problems related to antimicrobial prescribing. In 69.3% at least one of the hospital’s AMS components was initiated as a result of Global-PPS findings. The level of AMS implementation varied across regions. Up to 43.1% of all hospitals had a formal antimicrobial stewardship strategy, ranging from 10.8% in Africa to 60.9% in Northern America. Learning needs of hospitals in high-income countries and in low-and middle-income countries were largely similar and included general topics (e.g. ‘optimising antibiotic treatment’), but also PPS-related topics (e.g. ‘translating PPS results into meaningful interventions’). The main barriers to implementing AMS programmes were a lack of time (52.7%), knowledge on good prescribing practices (42.0%), and dedicated funding (39.9%). Hospitals in LMIC more often reported unavailability of prescribing guidelines, insufficient laboratory capacity and suboptimal use of the available laboratory services.

Conclusions
Although we observed substantial variation in the level of AMS implementation across regions, the Global-PPS has been very useful in informing stewardship activities in many participating hospitals. More is still to be gained in guiding hospitals to integrate the PPS throughout AMS activities, building on existing structures and processes.
A case of spinal nerve neurotoxicity with ropivacaine after combined spinal and epidural anesthesia
Authors: Shimauchi Tsukasa , Yoshino Jun , Fujimura Naoyuki 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Neurotoxicity caused by a local anesthetic after regional anesthesia is a rare but serious problem for anesthesiologists. It is difficult to diagnose neurotoxicity from anesthetics because of the large number of possible diagnoses. In this case report, careful monitoring by neurological examinations helped to diagnose local neurotoxicity caused after epidural anesthesia.

Case description
A 41-year-old pregnant woman who underwent emergency cesarean delivery under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia suffered left leg paralysis after surgery. Multiple neurological examinations (e.g., electromyography, nerve conduction study) revealed that the paralysis was induced by the neurotoxicity of ropivacaine. The neurological examinations were also useful to monitor the recovery process.

Conclusions
This is the first clinical case report that describes the diagnosis of and recovery from local anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity monitored by electromyography and nerve conduction study. Neurological disorders caused by regional anesthetics should be carefully examined and diagnosed using these neurological examinations.
Synthesis of Syndiotactic-polystyrene Based Porous Polymers by Polymerization-Crystallization Induced Phase Separation in Poor Solvent
Authors: Naga Naofumi , Noguchi Keiichi , Kouya Tomoaki , Nishii Kei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Syndiotactic-polystyrene based porous polymers were obtained by polymerizations of styrene (St), 4-methyl styrene (MSt), or 4-tert-butyl styrene (BSt) and copolymerization of St/MeSt, St/BuSt, or St/divinylbenzene (DVB) using a half metallocene catalyst, pentamethyl cyclopentadienyl titanium trichloride (Cp*TiCl3), combined with methylaluminoxane (MAO) as a co-catalyst in a mixture of toluene and hexane (50/50 vol./vol.). The reaction systems turned opaque with progress of the polymerizations accompanied by phase separation. Bulk densities of the resultant polymers were much less than that of the bulk polystyrene. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the polymers showed a porous structure formed by networked fibers.
Enhancement of pyocyanin production by subinhibitory concentration of royal jelly in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Amly Dina Auliya , Hajardhini Puspita , Jonarta Alma Linggar , Yulianto Heribertus Dedy Kusuma , Susilowati Heni 
Published: September 2021

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterium, produces pyocyanin, a virulence factor associated with antibiotic tolerance. High concentrations of royal jelly have an antibacterial effect, which may potentially overcome antibacterial resistance. However, in some cases, antibiotic tolerance can occur due to prolonged stress of low-dose antibacterial agents. This study aimed to investigate the effect of subinhibitory concentrations of royal jelly on bacterial growth, pyocyanin production, and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa. Methods: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145 and clinical isolates were cultured in a royal jelly-containing medium to test the antibacterial activity. Pyocyanin production was observed by measuring the absorbance at 690 nm after 36 h culture and determined using extinction coefficient 4310 M-1 cm-1. Static microtiter plate biofilm assay performed to detect the biofilm formation, followed by scanning electron microscopy. Results: Royal jelly effectively inhibited the viability of both strains from a concentration of 25%. The highest production of pyocyanin was observed in the subinhibitory concentration group 6.25%, which gradually decreased along with the decrease of royal jelly concentration. Results of one-way ANOVA tests differed significantly in pyocyanin production of the two strains between the royal jelly groups. Tukey HSD test showed concentrations of 12.5%, 6.25%, and 3.125% significantly increased pyocyanin production of ATCC 10145, and the concentrations of 12.5% and 6.25% significantly increased production of the clinical isolates. Concentrations of 12.5% and 6.125% significantly induced biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa ATCC 10145, in line with the results of the SEM analysis. Conclusions: The royal jelly concentration of 25% or higher inhibits bacterial growth; however, the subinhibitory concentration increases pyocyanin production and biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa. It is advisable to determine the appropriate concentration of royal jelly to obtain beneficial virulence inhibiting activity.
Professional culture of a teacher as a condition for organizing of effective pedagogical interaction
Authors: Kopovaya Oksana , Erofeeva Mariya , Shanin Sergey 
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the consideration of various aspects of the formation and development of the professional culture of teachers.
The first part of the publication reveals the concepts of "pedagogical culture", "professional culture of a teacher", "professional pedagogical culture", highlights the axiological, technological and personal and creative components of culture, which are structural components of professional and pedagogical culture. The authors give a step-by-step description of the process of forming a professional pedagogical culture. It is noted that pedagogical culture is an integral component of a pedagogical worker; describes a model of a modern teacher who has the necessary level of professional culture for the implementation of pedagogical activity, consisting of value, activity and personal components.
The characteristics of the main components of pedagogical culture made it possible to present the process of formation of pedagogical culture as a gradual change of the following levels: adaptation, reproduction and creative search.
On the basis of the essential, functional and structural analysis of the teacher's professional culture, the second part of the publication presents the results of an empirical study of the group of authors on the research topic, identifies the levels of the formed teacher's pedagogical culture. The study was conducted from 2017 to 2019 on the basis of three regional institutes for the development of additional professional education in the Volga Federal District; the sample consisted of 370 people.
Based on the results of the research work, a program for the development of pedagogical culture was developed. The content of the program is determined by the diagnostic block represented by diagnostic techniques; a developmental block aimed at the formation of the value and activity components of the teacher's pedagogical culture and consisting of activities that stimulate the professional activity of teachers and improve pedagogical skills and a correctional block aimed at designing and implementing a system of measures to analyze and correct real or potential problems of teachers in the personal sphere.
Psychological support as a pivotal component of the process of social and psychological ensuring the safety of persons subject to state protection
Authors: Vahnina Viktoriya , Skosyrskaya Yuliya 
Published: September 2021

The problem of state protection of the individual, its protection and security has a very urgent status. Ensuring personal safety in the Russian Federation is implemented by the adopted federal laws, special state programs, and other regulatory documents, which are subsequently implemented in practice by special units to ensure the safety of persons subject to state protection. When implementing the duties assigned to the security divisions of persons subject to state protection, the question of the need for psychological support in relation to the protected persons arises quite sharply. In the course of the theoretical analysis, it was concluded that the scientific problem has not been sufficiently studied as a psychological support for persons subject to state protection. The article attempts to consider a topical scientific problem in the aspect of social and psychological support. In the article, psychological support is considered as one of the basic components of social and psychological support, taking into account the peculiarities of law enforcement practice.
The article analyzes the need for psychological support in relation to protected persons, highlights the main components of this area, and analyzes the psychological characteristics of the impact of psychological support on the entire process of applying state protection measures.
Using Response Times to Infer Others’ Private Information: An Application to Information Cascades
Authors: Frydman Cary , Krajbich Ian 
Published: September 2021

The standard assumption in social learning environments is that agents learn from others through choice outcomes. We argue that in many settings, agents can also infer information from others’ response times (RT), which can increase efficiency. To investigate this, we conduct a standard information cascade experiment and find that RTs do contain information that is not revealed by choice outcomes alone. When RTs are observable, subjects extract this private information and are more likely to break from incorrect cascades. Our results suggest that in environments where RTs are publicly available, the information structure may be richer than previously thought. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, decision analysis.
Reliability of the Clinical Outcome Variables Scale for children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Varghese Sharon Merin , Senthilvelkumar Thangavelu , Koshy Noble , Devaraj Gokilam , Rebekah Grace , Chandy Bobeena Rachel 
Published: September 2021

Background/aims It can be difficult for rehabilitation professionals to use lengthy scales and different outcome measures for diverse clinical conditions in busy outpatient settings. The Clinical Outcome Variables Scale is a functional mobility measure that is applied to various neurological conditions. Determining the inter- and intra-rater reliability of clinical outcome variable scale for children with cerebral palsy will further enhance its utility. Methods A total of 30 children aged between 3 and 16 years with cerebral palsy, who could obey single-step commands, were recruited for the study. Two independent assessors scored the children using the Clinical Outcome Variable Scale to determine inter-rater reliability. A repeat assessment was done by the principal assessor after 24 hours to establish intra-rater reliability. Reliability was estimated using intra-class correlation coefficient values. Results The Clinical Outcome Variables Scale had high Inter- and intra-rater reliability for the composite score (intraclass correlation coefficient=1), the general mobility subscale (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.99), and the ambulation subscale (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.99). The intraclass correlation coefficient for the individual test items were also showed a high correlation, with the variance between the tests and physiotherapists ranging from 0.95 to 1. Conclusions The Clinical Outcome Variables Scale demonstrated high inter- and intra-rater reliability when assessing functional mobility in children with cerebral palsy. Further studies should establish criterion validity and minimally clinically important difference values to maximise the use of the scale.
Effect of class IV laser therapy and Pilates exercises on bone density and pain in primary osteoporosis: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Abdelatief Emad Eldin Mohamed , Fathy Karim Ahmed 
Published: September 2021

Background/aims Osteoporosis is a systemic disorder characterised by a decrease in bone quality and density. This causes the bones to become weak and unable to withstand mild stresses, and the associated pain is made worse with activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of class IV laser therapy and Pilates exercises on bone mineral density and pain in patients with primary osteoporosis. Methods A total of 60 patients with osteoporosis (40 women and 20 men) participated in this study. Their age ranged between 40 and 60 years. They were allocated randomly to three groups: Group A (n=20) received multiwave locked system laser therapy, group B (n=20) patients received Pilates exercises and group C (n=20) received multiwave locked system laser therapy and Pilates exercises. The treatment programme took place three times a week for 8 weeks. Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine (L1–L4) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and pain intensity during activities was measured by using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale. Evaluation of lumbar bone mineral density and pain intensity were performed before and after 8 weeks. Results The statistical analysis of this study revealed there was a significant increase of T-scores post-treatment compared to pre-treatment within group A (P=0.0001; P<0.05), group B (P=0.0001; P<0.05), and group C (P=0.0001), with improvement percentages of 19.59, 34.69 and 50.66% respectively. There was a decrease of pain intensity during activities post-treatment compared to pre-treatment within group A (P=0.0001; P<0.05), group B (P=0.0001; P<0.05) and group C (P=0.0001), with improvement percentages of 41.28, 54.39 and 70.09% respectively. Conclusions Class IV laser therapy and Pilates exercises are useful therapeutic modalities to increase bone mineral density and decrease pain in patients with osteoporosis, but combining them is more effective than using them separately.
Canine immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia part 1: presentation, diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Palin Rachel 
Published: September 2021

Immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA) is one of the most prevalent immune-mediated diseases in canines, and it carries a guarded prognosis because of the substantial rates of morbidity and mortality. Comprehensive supportive nursing care is critical in patients with IMHA.This first article discusses the presentation, diagnosis and treatment options in canine IMHA patients. A subsequent article will follow focusing on how the condition, and its treatment options, impact the supportive nursing requirements that should therefore be considered, as well as possible complications that may arise. Through good nursing care, as well as a knowledge and understanding of the requirements of these patients, RVNs have a vital role in influencing these patients' outcomes.
Modelling the supply and need for health professionals for primary health care in Ghana: Implications for health professions education and employment planning
Authors: Asamani James Avoka , Christmals Christmal Dela , Reitsma Gerda Marie 
Published: September 2021

Background
The health workforce (HWF) is critical in developing responsive health systems to address population health needs and respond to health emergencies, but defective planning have arguably resulted in underinvestment in health professions education and decent employment. Primary Health Care (PHC) has been the anchor of Ghana’s health system. As Ghana’s population increases and the disease burden doubles, it is imperative to estimate the potential supply and need for health professionals; and the level of investment in health professions education and employment that will be necessary to avert any mismatches.

Methods
Using a need-based health workforce planning framework, we triangulated data from multiple sources and systematically applied a previously published Microsoft® Excel-based model to conduct a fifteen-year projection of the HWF supply, needs, gaps and training requirements in the context of primary health care in Ghana.

Results
The projections show that based on the population (size and demographics), disease burden, the package of health services and the professional standards for delivering those services, Ghana needed about 221,593 health professionals across eleven categories in primary health care in 2020. At a rate of change between 3.2% and 10.7% (average: 5.5%) per annum, the aggregate need for health professionals is likely to reach 495,273 by 2035. By comparison, the current (2020) stock is estimated to grow from 148,390 to about 333,770 by 2035 at an average growth rate of 5.6%. The health professional’s stock is projected to meet 67% of the need but with huge supply imbalances. Specifically, the supply of six out of the 11 health professionals (~54.5%) cannot meet even 50% of the needs by 2035, but Midwives could potentially be overproduced by 32% in 2030.

Conclusion
Future health workforce strategy should endeavour to increase the intake of Pharmacy Technicians by more than seven-fold; General Practitioners by 110%; Registered general Nurses by 55% whilst Midwives scaled down by 15%. About US$ 480.39 million investment is required in health professions education to correct the need versus supply mismatches. By 2035, US$ 2.374 billion must be planned for the employment of those that would have to be trained to fill the need-based shortages and for sustaining the employment of those currently available.
Espíritu del Metal: LA Conformación de la escena Metalera Peruana (1981–1992) (‘The spirit of metal: Formation of the Peruvian metal scene [1981–1992]’), José Ignacio Lopez Ramirez Gastón and Giuseppe Risica Carella (2018)
Authors: Fuentes Andrés Celis 
Published: September 2021

Review of: Espíritu del Metal: LA Conformación de la escena Metalera Peruana (1981–1992) (‘The spirit of metal: Formation of the Peruvian metal scene [1981–1992]’), José Ignacio Lopez Ramirez Gastón and Giuseppe Risica Carella (2018)
Lima: Sonidos Latentes Producciones y Discos Invisible, p/bk, 31 soles
La enseñanza de las matemáticas en el proyecto civilizatorio y el progreso técnico en Colombia
Authors: Guerrero Recalde Néstor Fernando 
Published: September 2021

En este artículo se resalta el valor que tuvo en el país la educación técnica y científica a lo largo de los siglos XIX y XX, en particular, el papel que jugó la enseñanza de las ciencias y de las matemáticas en la conformación de la conciencia de nación en los procesos de la civilización que condujeron a la conformación del Estado colombiano.
Para conseguir este propósito, en primer lugar se hará una síntesis conceptual atendiendo a las categorías de pensamiento del sociólogo alemán Norbert Elías (2012); principalmente lo que tiene que ver con la noción de figuración y los procesos de larga duración, la estructuración de la conducta (psicogénesis) y de los procesos sociales (sociogénesis). También es importante considerar lo que se ha denominado como los institutos de monopolios de violencia en el proceso de la civilización.
En segundo lugar se hará un análisis del proceso de la civilización en nuestro país, acerca de lo que se consideró educación técnica y científica en las profesiones prácticas. En este contexto se dará cuanta a partir de archivos históricos, de qué manera, la enseñanza de las ciencias modernas y de las matemáticas, en nuestro sistema educativo acompaño la instauración de un nuevo orden social y político. Con este análisis se busca adicionalmente, visibilizar algunos patrones culturales, hábitos y costumbres que se fueron pasando de generación en generación: unas veces por las pautas de crianza en la familia, otras por la generación de normas en la escuela o simplemente como parte de su condición de clase social (elite y clase proletaria). Se espera aportar en la comprensión de cómo se fue dando en el país la constitución de los nuevos ciudadanos y del modelo de sociedad y cultura colombiana.
Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Jumlah Pasangan Seksual dengan Risiko HIV pada Wanita Pekerja Seksual (WPS) di Kota Ternate
Authors: Hi Setiawan Nita Anggerina Putri , Sutiningsih Dwi , Widjanarko Bagoes 
Published: September 2021

Background: The number of HIV/AIDS cases in Ternate is increasing, until now there are 472 cases reported and in 2019 there were 46 new cases. FSW is one of the key population at risk of HIV.Methods: The purpose of this study was to identify the correlation between knowledge and number of sexual partner with HIV risk among female sex workers (FSW) in Ternate. This study used a cross sectional design. The number of respondents was 92 respondents. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire. Data analysis was univariate, and bivariate with chi-square.Result: There were correlation between knowledge (p= 0,013; PR 1,363; 95% CI 1,069-1,704), and the number of sexual partners (p= 0.030; PR 1,497; 95% CI 0,961-2,331) with HIV risk among FSW in Ternate.Conclusion : FSW who had poor knowledge and had ≥3 clients, was correlated with HIV risk.