bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the transmission dynamics of delayed pneumonia-like diseases with a sensitivity of parameters
Authors: Naveed Muhammad , Baleanu Dumitru , Raza Ali , Rafiq Muhammad , Soori Atif Hassan , Mohsin Muhammad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPneumonia is a highly transmitted disease in children. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the most affected regions include South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. 15% deaths of children are due to pneumonia. In 2017, 0.88 million children were killed under the age of five years. An analysis of pneumonia disease is performed with the help of a delayed mathematical modelling technique. The epidemiological system contemplates subpopulations of susceptible, carriers, infected and recovered individuals, along with nonlinear interactions between the members of those subpopulations. The positivity and the boundedness of the ongoing problem for nonnegative initial data are thoroughly proved. The system possesses pneumonia-free and pneumonia existing equilibrium points, whose stability is studied rigorously. Moreover, the numerical simulations confirm the validity of these theoretical results.
Preservation and promotion of China’s musical cultural heritage on the internet
Authors: Wang Jianjian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The study investigates different ways of preservation and popularization of Chinese traditional music using the Internet. The study collected data by analyzing various methods of presenting traditional Chinese music in online platforms YouTube, TikTok, and Likee. Common groups for YouTube are instrumental music (46.8%) and vocal music (23.9%), whereas, for TikTok and Likee, it is dancing performances (68.6% and 71.8%) and instrumental music (21.6% and 22.3%). The samples containing information about the content on the online platforms YouTube and TikTok are continuously growing in August, October, and December, while the Likee platform has seen a decline in all indicators. For the online platform YouTube, the largest increases were seen for vocal music theory and instrumental music for August, October, and December, while for the TikTok platform, the corresponding indicators were for Chinese music theory and educational dance performances in August and October. For online platform Likee for the aforementioned months, vocal music has seen the biggest decline over time. The obtained data can be useful for a better understanding of the audience’s requests, which makes it possible to popularize music content more productively. The authors see such study as necessary for the implementation of new business projects in the operation of online music platforms, changes in approaches to licensing over the Internet, and reform of the music industry. The development of the Internet popularizes Chinese musical culture on a global scale, opens up new opportunities for the Chinese population (professionals and amateurs, adults and children) to study the musical heritage of other countries, promotes musical diversity, and can bring substantial financial benefits not only to individuals or companies, but also to the state as a whole.
Radiologic imaging findings of pelvic aggressive angiomyxoma correlated with surgical and pathological features
Authors: Cingoz Mehmet , Kilic Ali , Acar Aylin , Tosun İlkay , Aksoy Direnc Ozlem , Cingoz Eda 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Aggressive angiomyxoma is an infrequent benign tumor that usually occurs in the pelvic region. Pelvic masses have variety of differential diagnosis but some featured findings should prompt the diagnosis of aggressive angiomyxoma by the radiologist.

Case presentation
A 40-year-old female patient presented with a two-year history of perineal swelling. Radiological examination including gray scale and color Doppler ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was consistent with the diagnosis of aggressive angiomyxoma. The patient underwent surgical operation that ensures total resection of the tumor.

Conclusion
In the case of extensive pelvic soft tissue mass with characteristic imaging findings, the radiologists should take the diagnosis of aggressive angiomyxoma into consideration.
Fatigue behavior of surfaced C45 steel
Authors: Sayid A. A. , El-Kashif E. , Adly M. A. , Morsy M. A. , Abdelkawy Abdallah 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDue to the dynamic loads in power transmission such as automotive, the restoration of axles during maintenance is extensively needed. These parts face two main challenges: wear and fatigue failure loads. The present study tries to improve fatigue strength of C45 steel by surfacing with tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding technique using filler ER80S-B2. Fatigue life was studied through a rotary bending fatigue test at two stress levels: level I 65% and level II 55% of the ultimate tensile strength of C45 base steel. Loading amplitude, coating thickness, surface roughness, and rotating speed were kept constant for all specimens. In accordance with ISO 12107, both surfaced and unsurfaced steel fatigue specimens were prepared. The specimens were tested till failure and the data were analyzed. The chemical composition, tensile strength, micro-hardness, microstructure, and fracture surface have been examined for surfaced and unsurfaced steels. Surfaced C45 steel showed improved fatigue life compared to the unsurfaced C45 steel specimens with an increasing percentage of 35.97% at level I and 25.46% at level II.
Salbutamol Increases Leg Glucose Uptake and Metabolic Rate but not Muscle Glycogen Resynthesis in Recovery From Exercise
Authors: Onslev Johan , Thomassen Martin , Wojtaszewski Jørgen , Bangsbo Jens , Hostrup Morten 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Context
Exercise blunts the effect of beta2-agonists on peripheral glucose uptake and energy expenditure. Whether such attenuation extends into recovery is unknown.

Objective
To examine the effect of a beta2-agonist on leg glucose uptake and metabolic rate in recovery from exercise.

Methods
Using leg arteriovenous balance technique and analyses of thigh muscle biopsies, we investigated the effect of a beta2-agonist (24 mg of oral salbutamol) vs placebo on leg glucose, lactate, and oxygen exchange before and during quadriceps exercise, and 0.5 to 5 hours in recovery from quadriceps exercise, as well as on muscle glycogen resynthesis and activity in recovery. Twelve healthy, lean, young men participated.

Results
Before exercise, leg glucose uptake was 0.42 ± 0.12 and 0.20 ± 0.02 mmol × min–1 (mean ± SD) for salbutamol and placebo (P = .06), respectively, while leg oxygen consumption was around 2-fold higher (P &lt; .01) for salbutamol than for placebo (25 ± 3 vs 14 ± 1 mL × min–1). No treatment differences were observed in leg glucose uptake, lactate release, and oxygen consumption during exercise. But in recovery, cumulated leg glucose uptake, lactate release, and oxygen consumption was 21 mmol (95% CI 18-24, P = .018), 19 mmol (95% CI 16-23, P &lt; .01), and 1.8 L (95% CI 1.6-2.0, P &lt; .01) higher for salbutamol than for placebo, respectively. Muscle glycogen content was around 30% lower (P &lt; .01) for salbutamol than for placebo in recovery, whereas no treatment differences were observed in muscle glycogen resynthesis or glycogen synthase activity.

Conclusion
Exercise blunts the effect of beta2-agonist salbutamol on leg glucose uptake, but this attenuation diminishes in recovery. Salbutamol increases leg lactate release in recovery, which may relate to glycolytic trafficking due to excessive myocellular glucose uptake.
Anthropology as Method: North Korea at a Distance
Authors: Ryang Sonia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
North Korea is one of a very small number of countries in the world that an anthropologist has not set foot in with the purpose of conducting long-term ethnographic fieldwork. Given the country’s closed nature, anthropology seems to be the least qualified discipline with which to approach North Korea. Upon closer examination, however, this might not be the case; anthropology may offer unexpected advantages, not only permitting us to study North Korea but also to reflect on aspects of our own societies and cultures with a critical eye. This article explores both the challenges to be faced and the rewards to be gained by an anthropologist studying North Korea.
Dynamic Control of Upper Limb Stretch Reflex in Wrestlers
Authors: ITO SHO , NAKAGAWA KENTO , NAKAJIMA TSUYOSHI , ITEYA MISAKI , CRAWSHAW LARRY , KANOSUE KAZUYUKI 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The objective of this study was to clarify the characteristics of the upper limb stretch reflex in wrestlers.

Methods
Ten wrestlers and 11 control subjects participated in the study. The experiment was divided into two sessions. In the extension perturbation session, participants either relaxed or flexed the elbow when they felt a perturbation (abrupt elbow extension induced by a dynamometer). This was done 30 times by each subject for both sessions. In the flexion perturbation session, participants also relaxed or extended the elbow when they felt a perturbation (abrupt elbow flexion). During the tasks, the stretch reflex was monitored by recording the surface EMG activities of the right biceps and triceps brachii. The EMG reflex components were divided into three periods based on the time after the perturbation (M1, 20–50 ms; M2, 50–80 ms; and M3, 80–100 ms). The averaged background EMG activity just before the disturbance was subtracted from the EMG activity in each period. The resultant value was integrated to obtain reflex magnitudes of M1 to M3.

Results
For the triceps brachii, in the relaxation task, the wrestler group showed a significantly smaller value for M2 than did the control group. In the extension task, the wrestler group showed a significantly larger value for M3 than did the control group. There was no difference in M1 between the two groups. For the biceps brachii, there was no significant difference between any reflex components.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that high-level wrestlers have specific characteristics of the long-latency stretch reflex in the triceps brachii that are modulated in a situation-specific manner.
Synchrony between daily rhythms of malaria parasites and hosts is driven by an essential amino acid
Authors: Prior Kimberley F. , Middleton Benita , Owolabi Alíz T.Y. , Westwood Mary L. , Holland Jacob , O'Donnell Aidan J. , Blackman Michael J. , Skene Debra J. , Reece Sarah E. 
Published: October 2021

Background: Rapid asexual replication of blood stage malaria parasites is responsible for the severity of disease symptoms and fuels the production of transmission forms. Here, we demonstrate that a Plasmodium chabaudi’s schedule for asexual replication can be orchestrated by isoleucine, a metabolite provided to the parasite in a periodic manner due to the host’s rhythmic intake of food. Methods: We infect female C57BL/6 and Per1/2-null mice which have a disrupted canonical (transcription translation feedback loop, TTFL) clock with 1×105 red blood cells containing P. chabaudi (DK genotype). We perturb the timing of rhythms in asexual replication and host feeding-fasting cycles to identify nutrients with rhythms that match all combinations of host and parasite rhythms. We then test whether perturbing the availability of the best candidate nutrient in vitro changes the schedule for asexual development. Results: Our large-scale metabolomics experiment and follow up experiments reveal that only one metabolite - the amino acid isoleucine – fits criteria for a time-of-day cue used by parasites to set the schedule for replication. The response to isoleucine is a parasite strategy rather than solely the consequences of a constraint imposed by host rhythms, because unlike when parasites are deprived of other essential nutrients, they suffer no apparent costs from isoleucine withdrawal. Conclusions: Overall, our data suggest parasites can use the daily rhythmicity of blood-isoleucine concentration to synchronise asexual development with the availability of isoleucine, and potentially other resources, that arrive in the blood in a periodic manner due to the host’s daily feeding-fasting cycle. Identifying both how and why parasites keep time opens avenues for interventions; interfering with the parasite’s time-keeping mechanism may stall replication, increasing the efficacy of drugs and immune responses, and could also prevent parasites from entering dormancy to tolerate drugs.
A statistical analysis plan for the Adjunctive Corticosteroids for Tuberculous meningitis in HIV-positive adults (ACT HIV) clinical trial
Authors: Donovan Joseph , Khanh Trinh Dong Huu , Thwaites Guy E. , Geskus Ronald B. ,   ACT HIV investigators
Published: October 2021

TBM is the most severe form of tuberculosis. Clinical trial data are required to provide an evidence base for adjunctive dexamethasone in HIV-positive individuals with TBM, and to guide clinical practice. This document details the planned analyses at 12 months post randomisation for the ACT HIV clinical trial (NCT03092817); ‘a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of adjunctive dexamethasone for the treatment of HIV co-infected adults with tuberculous meningitis (TBM)’. The primary endpoint of the ACT HIV trial is death (from any cause) over the first 12 months after randomisation. This statistical analysis plan expands upon and updates the analysis plan outlined in the published study protocol.
Genome-Wide Admixture Mapping of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and Chronic Kidney Disease Identifies European and African Ancestry-of-Origin Loci in Hispanic and Latino Individuals in the United States
Authors: Horimoto Andrea R.V.R. , Xue Diane , Cai Jianwen , Lash James P. , Daviglus Martha L. , Franceschini Nora , Thornton Timothy A. 
Published: October 2021

Significance Statement
Populations of Hispanic or Latino individuals have an increased risk of CKD, yet little is known about CKD genetics in these underserved groups. A genome-wide admixture mapping study of CKD traits conducted in 12,601 participants from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) identified three novel ancestry-of-origin loci on African-derived and European-derived chromosomal haplotypes—implicating novel candidate genes for kidney function in these loci. Two of these loci were validated in Black individuals, indicating potential generalizability of the loci across populations with shared ancestry. Interestingly, a genome-wide association study in HCHS/SOL failed to identify these ancestry-specific regions. These results illustrate the utility of leveraging diverse ancestries via admixture mapping for new insights into the genetics of CKD traits in studies of recently admixed populations.

Background
Admixture mapping is a powerful approach for gene mapping of complex traits that leverages the diverse genetic ancestry in populations with recent admixture, such as Hispanic or Latino individuals in the United States. These individuals have an increased risk of CKD.

Methods
We performed genome-wide admixture mapping for both CKD and eGFR in a sample of 12,601 participants from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, with validation in a sample of 8191 Black participants from the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI). We also compared the findings with those from a conventional genome-wide association study.

Results
Three novel ancestry-of-origin loci were identified on chromosomes 2, 14, and 15 for CKD and eGFR. The chromosome 2 locus comprises two European ancestry regions encompassing the FSHR and NRXN1 genes, with European ancestry at this locus associated with increased CKD risk. The chromosome 14 locus, found within the DLK1-DIO3 imprinted domain, was associated with lower eGFR and driven by European ancestry. The eGFR-associated locus on chromosome 15 included intronic variants of RYR3 and was within an African-specific genomic region associated with higher eGFR. The genome-wide association study failed to identify significant associations in these regions. We validated the chromosome 14 and 15 loci associated with eGFR in the WHI Black participants.

Conclusions
This study provides evidence of shared ancestry-specific genomic regions influencing eGFR in Hispanic or Latino individuals and Black individuals and illustrates the potential for leveraging genetic ancestry in recently admixed populations for the discovery of novel candidate loci for kidney phenotypes.
Long-term pathological changes in lungs after COVID-19
Authors: Samsonova Maria V. , Kontorschikov Andrey S. , Cherniaev Andrey L. , Mikhajlichenko Kirill Yu. , Mikhaleva Liudmila M. , Mishnev Oleko D. , Zayratyants Oleg V. 
Published: October 2021

World literature is paying increasing attention to the long-term course of COVID-19 and symptoms that appear after the acute coronavirus infection. The symptoms, functional state of the lungs, and the X-ray changes are assessed. Nevertheless, post-COVID lung histology has not been described yet.The aim of this article is to study the long-term pathological changes in the lungs after acute COVID-19. Methods. We analyzed autopsy lung material from 19 deceased who had COVID-19. The average age of the deceased was 68.82 ± 14.6 years. All patients were found to have IgG to SARS-CoV-2. The median time to death following viral interstitial pneumonia was 72 days. Results. The causes of death and thrombotic complications (infarctions of various organs and venous thrombosis) were analyzed. Histological examination revealed thrombosis of small pulmonary arteries and capillaries of interalveolar septa, microinfarctions, hemorrhages, foci of organizing pneumonia, and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia.Conclusion. The first assessment of histological changes in human lungs showed that the most common post-COVID pathologic changes are microcirculation disorders combined with small areas of acute lung damage. The obtained data are essential for understanding the pathogenesis of post-COVID syndrome, necessitate diagnostic of microvasculature disorders using laboratory tests, scintigraphy, and CT imaging, as well as search for the therapeutic strategies.
Evaluation of ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with myocardial infarction after streptokinase therapy
Authors: Abbasnezhad Mohsen , Shahnazarli Golnesa , Taban Sadeghi Mohammadreza , Parizad Razieh , Khezerlouy Aghdam Naser , Nasiri Babak , Zamani Bijan 
Published: October 2021

Objectives: The occurrence of arrhythmias after myocardial infarction is associated with an increased risk of mortality. The purpose of this study was to investigate tachyarrhythmias after streptokinase therapy in myocardial infarction patients.
Methods: This study was a case-control study. Among 262 patients with myocardial infarction who received streptokinase, 168 patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmia, ventricular fibrillation, or both (case group), and 94 patients without arrhythmia (control group) were selected. Their clinical information were collected by questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 software through chi-square test and Wilcoxon rank-sum.
Results: There was no relationship between demographic variables or electrocardiogram changes and the type of arrhythmia in 168 participants in the group 1 (p > 0.05). However, there was a significant relationship between age (p = 0.04), sex (p = 0.049), diabetes (p = 0.039), hypertension (p = 0.037), history of beta-blocker use (p = 0.028), history of aspirin use (p = 0.023), number of the leads involved (p = 0.023) and occurrence of arrhythmia among the participants in the group 2.
Conclusions: According to the findings of this study, patients with myocardial infarction who need to receive thrombolysis and who have any of the following conditions should be monitored by the health care staff to prevent development of ventricular tachyarrhythmias: old age, male gender, history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension or more lead involvement in their electrocardiogram.
USO DAS TECNOLOGIAS DE COMUNICAÇÃO E INFORMAÇÃO NO ENSINO REMOTO DURANTE A PANDEMIA DO COVID-19
Authors: Dos Santos Marinho Maykon , Gusmão as Silva Yone , Soares Rocha Monique , Nery de Andrade Everaldo 
Published: October 2021

O presente estudo objetivou investigar as experiências e percepções dos discentes dos cursos de saúde sobre o uso do Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem – AVA, Microsoft Teams® no ensino remoto durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo realizado com 84 alunos matriculados regularmente nos cursos de Graduação em Saúde em uma Instituição de Ensino Superior, cujas aulas ocorriam na modalidade de ensino remoto durante o semestre letivo 2020.1. Os critérios de inclusão adotados para a seleção dos participantes desta pesquisa foram: estar matriculados no curso; estar em situação de distanciamento social; ter acesso ao WhatsApp e plataforma Teams®; concordar em participar da pesquisa através da assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido - TCLE em formato eletrônico. Os dados foram coletados por meio da aplicação de um questionário eletrônico de autoavaliação Constructivist On-Line Learning Environment Survey - COLLES, aplicado no final do semestre letivo. O questionário de COLLES fora enviado via e-mail e WhatsApp e respondido em formato eletrônico através da plataforma do Google Forms. A partir das respostas obtidas pelo questionário de COLLES foram criadas tabelas com as porcentagens para cada questão das categorias avaliadas. Os resultados mostraram que o AVA estudado, frequentemente, estimulava a reflexão crítica, e tinha o apoio dos professores durante o seu uso. Com relação a interatividade, a maioria dos alunos relatou que algumas vezes tiveram interação com outros participantes. Conclui-se que houve resultados favoráveis nas categorias referentes à reflexão crítica, relevância, apoio e compreensão das mensagens dos docentes, mostrando que os alunos conseguiram se adaptar a esse modelo de ensino em AVA. Entretanto, constatamos a necessidade de estimular o apoio entre os alunos e a interação entre as suas ideias para que a ferramenta utilizada possa ter maior êxito no processo de aprendizagem no ensino remoto.

Palavras-chave: Educação. Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação. Ensino Remoto.
Repeatability of multipass laser forming of sheet materials
Authors: Kaglyak Alexey , Prokhorenko Odarka , Romanov Bogdan , Honcharuk Alexey , Siora Alexander , Melnyk Olena , Golovko Leonid 
Published: October 2021

Laser forming (LF) of sheet material is a progressive treatment process and have some benefits. Laser forming is a flexible process and need no heavy metal-intensive equipment and tools. Materials with high rigidity, brittle, elastic materials can be treated by laser forming. Therefore, the investigation of LF is important task. An important point to study is repeatability of multipass laser forming of sheet materials and explore of the possibilities of stabilizing process parameters. Actually, this research is aimed at these issues.
Methods and results of experimental investigation of repeatability of multipass laser forming of sheet materials on parallel and multidirectional passes are described.
A methodical approach of using the VisualWeld software package for modeling the process of multi-pass laser forming has been developed. The mentioned software package was used for modeling as an alternative to a physical experiment to predict sample deformations and determine treating parameters. It has been experimentally established that the repeatability in laser forming is quite high, the difference in the amount of deformation preferably did not exceed 5%. In addition, it is shown that by varying the direction of irradiation trajectories, their step and the number of passes on each trajectory, it is possible to obtain a complex spatial configuration of the product.