bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Joy of Markov Models—Channel Gating and Transport Cycling Made Easy
Authors: Zifarelli G. , Zuccolini P. , Bertelli S. , Pusch M. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
The behavior of ion channels and transporters is often modeled using discrete state continuous-time Markov models. Such models are helpful for the interpretation of experimental data and can guide the design of experiments by testing specific predictions. Here, we describe a computational tool that allows us to create Markov models of chosen complexity and to calculate the predictions on a macroscopic scale, as well on a single-molecule scale. The program calculates steady-state properties (current, state probabilities, and cycle frequencies), deterministic macroscopic and stochastic time courses, gating currents, dwell-time histograms, and power spectra of channels and transporters. In addition, a visual simulation mode allows us to follow the time-dependent stochastic behavior of a single channel or transporter. After a basic introduction into the concept of Markov models, real-life examples are discussed, including a model of a simple K+ channel, a voltage-gated sodium channel, a 3-state ligand-gated channel, and an electrogenic uniporter. In this manner, the article has a modular architecture, progressing from basic to more advanced topics. This illustrates how the MarkovEditor program can serve students to explore Markov models at a basic level but is also suited for research scientists to test and develop models on the mechanisms of protein function.
FLUORESCENCE AND RED SHIFT OF THE PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES FROM PROTONATED SMALL MOLECULE
Authors: Ngara Zakarias Seba 
Published: March 2021

In this work, the fluorescence (FL) and bathochromic of the photophysical properties from protonated small molecule in cast film state have been investigated. To realize these purposes, the material of 4’,4’’’’-(1,4-phenylene bis (2,2’:6’,2”-terpyridine) (Phtpy) as a small molecule and camphorsulfonic acid (CSA) as an acid for protonation was selected. For Phtpy, its maxima absorption is 300 nm and no FL color emission. After CSA solution was added in chlorofom solution of Phtpy, the absorption spectrum of protonated Phtpy is broaden to longer wavelength with two new peaks appear at around 350 and 370 nm. Upon direct excitation at wavelength of 300 nm, the range of FL spectrum of original and protonated Phtpy is from 320 to 580 nm and from 370 to 580 with their maxima FL intensities at 360 and 460 nm. Interestingly, protonated Phtpy emits blue FL color emission. In addition, energy gap of protonated Phtpy is smaller than that of pristine Phtpy. Finally, the FL and remarkable red shift of absorption and FL spectra of protonated Phtpy will pave the way to develop sensor and other photonic devices with high performances in the ultaviolet region.
SIMULASI PEREDAMAN GETARAN PADA PEGAS KATUP (VALVE SPRING) SISTEM HIDROLIK DENGAN METODE PID MEMANFAATKAN SIMULINK MATLAB
Authors: Wabang Keszya , Warsito Ali , Louk Andreas Christian 
Published: March 2021

A simulation of damping vibration on valve spring hydraulic system has been done. This research is a study of the simulation that aims to control excess vibration on valve spring hydraulic system as a result of excitation force that is affected by the changes of pressure periodically, to produce a stable system. The simulation performed by using Matlab simulink with applying a PID method (P, PD, PI and PID) and noticed to variations of proportional constant (Kp), integral constant (Ki) and the derivative constant (Kd).
The simulation results obtained show that by combining these three constants Ki, Kp and Kd can dampen the vibration better. For the total excitation force, using the value of Kp = 106, Ki = 7 x 106 and Kd = 6 x 104 can provide damping vibration system response on valve spring with a rise time of 1.2119 s, settling time of 1.2792 s, stable at setpoint 1, error steady state 0% and a small maximum overshoot of 0.3309. This is the result of a stable system response and best compared to the other combinations of the constant values.

Keywords : vibration, damper, valve spring, hydraulic system, PID method.
IDENTIFIKASI ASPEK GELOMBANG BUNYI KELUARAN ALAT MUSIK SASANDO TRADISIONAL DAN SASANDO ELEKTRIK
Authors: Kaba Martince Aryani Jusuf , Warsito Ali , Lapono Laura A.S 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRAK
Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang identifikasi aspek gelombang bunyi alat musik sasando tradisional dan sasando elektrik. Subjek penelitian ini adalah bunyi alat musik sasando tradisional dan sasando elektrik yang bertipe sasando biola dengan jumlah dawai 32. Bunyi alat musik sasando direkam dengan mikrofon Havit Straight M-80 dan dianalisis menggunakan perangkat lunak Wavepad sound editor. Aspek gelombang bunyi ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Sampel original bunyi sasando tradisional dan sasando elektrik dengan rentang frekuensi dari 86 Hz sampai 1206 Hz dan 97 Hz sampai 1077 Hz. Rentang intensitas dari sasando tradisional dan sasando elektrik secara berturut-turut (-45,95398906) dB sampai (-12,38564365) dB dan (-33,44661942) dB sampai (-9,780729931) dB. Kemudian dengan perangkat lunak excel diperoleh grafik data bunyi sasando tradisional dan sasando elektrik berupa grafik intensitas, frekuensi dan noise. Setelah dilakukan filter terhadap sampel original bunyi sasando tradisional dan sasando elektrik, yang mempengaruhi kualitas gelombang bunyi adalah adalah rentang noise pada sampel bunyi dari pengolahan data -2 dB sampai 0 dB dan -4,22 dB sampai -0,14 dB dengan persentase noise 0 % sampai 8,27 % dan 0,57 % sampai 22,76 %. Sebagian besar persentasi noise berpengaruh pada bunyi asli.

Kata Kunci: Sasando, sampel original, mikrofon Havit Straight M-80, Wavepad sound editor, metode Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), frekuensi, intensitas, noise.

ABSTRACT
Research has been conducted on the identification of aspects of the sound waves of traditional Sasando musical instruments and Sasando electric. The subject of this research is the sound of traditional Sasando musical instruments and Sasando electric type of Sasando violin with 32 strings. The sounds of Sasando musical instruments were recorded with the Havit Straight M-80 microphone and analyzed using Wavepad sound editor software. Sound wave aspects are determined using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method. Original samples of traditional Sasando sound and Sasando electric range in frequency from 86 Hz to 1206 Hz and 97 Hz to 1077 Hz. The intensity ranges from traditional Sasando and Sasando electric are (-45,95398906) dB to (-12,38564365) dB and (-33,44661942) dB to (-9,780729931) dB. Then with Excel software obtained data graphs of traditional Sasando sound and Sasando electric in the form of graphs of intensity, frequency and noise. After filtering the original samples of traditional Sasando sound and Sasando electric, what affects the sound wave quality is the range of noise in the sound sample from data processing of -2 dB to 0 dB and -4.22 dB to -0.14 dB with a percentage of noise 0 % to 8.27% and 0.57% to 22.76%. Most of the noise percentage affects the original sound.
Keywords: Sasando, original sample, Havit Straight M-80 microphone, Wavepad sound editor, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method, frequency, intensity, noise.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM TRANSMISI MESIN PRES BIJI KELOR DENGAN PUTARAN MESIN 1400 RPM
Authors: Selan Rima Nindia , Riwu Defmit. , Pah Jack 
Published: March 2021

Abstrak Mesin pres biji kelor termasuk jenis mesin hidrolik dengan mekanisme tekan horizontal. Cara kerja mesin pres biji kelor dengan meneruskan daya putaran dari poros melalui media penghantar (fluida) menjadi daya tekan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang sistem transmisi mesin pres biji kelor dengan putaran mesin 1400 rpm, daya 1 Hp dan kapasitas awal 100 gram. Metode penelitian berupa analisis numeric dengan variabel yang disesuaikan. Perancangan system transmisi menggunakan bahan S30C dengan kekuatan tarik 58 kg/mm2 dan tegangan geser diizinkan 4,83 kg/mm2 Mesin pres biji kelor menghasilkan kecepatan transmisi 18,70m/s dengan perkiraan waktu pemerasan 2,18 detik. Mesin pengepress biji kelor dengan mekanisme tekan horizontal memiliki hasil perasan yaitu sekitar 15,6% (100 g biji kelor = 16 ml minyak kelor) dengan gaya tarik transmisi 267,54 N. Kata kunci: Sistem transmisi, putaran mesin, daya, mesin pres Abstract Moringa seed press is a type of hydraulic machine with a horizontal pressing mechanism. The moringa seed press works by passing the rotational power from the shaft through the conveying medium (fluid) to become compressive power. This study aims to design a transmission system for the moringa seed pressing machine with an engine speed of 1400 rpm, 1 hp power, and an initial capacity of 100 grams. The research method is numerical analysis with adjusted variables. The design of the transmission system uses S30C material with tensile strength () 58 kg/mm2 and allowed shear stress () 4.83 kg/mm2. The moringa seed pressing machine produces a transmission speed of 18.70m/s with an estimated squeeze time of 2.18 seconds. The moringa seed pressing machine with a horizontal pressing mechanism has a yield of about 15.6% (100 g of moringa seeds = 16 ml of Moringa oil) with a transmission pulling force of 267.54 N.Keywords: Transmission system, engine speed, power, pressing machine
Proces wymiany zębów u wybranych grup ssaków w ujęciu ewolucyjnym
Authors: Muniak Paweł 
Published: March 2021

Wymiana uzębienia u ssaków to jeden z najważniejszych procesów ewolucyjnych w tej grupie kręgowców. Pierwsze ssaki wykazywały dużo cech pierwotnych, odziedziczonych po gadzich przodkach. Już na bardzo wczesnym etapie zęby zróżnicowały się na siekacze, kły, przedtrzonowce i trzonowce, pojawiła się też tendencja do redukcji liczby zębów. Przełomowe znaczenie miało powstanie difiodoncji, czyli występowania dwóch pokoleń zębów, mlecznych i stałych, co jest charakterystyczną cechą ssaków, w odróżnieniu od polifiodontycznych gadów. Ewolucja wymiany uzębienia szła w kierunku coraz mniejszej liczby wymienianych zębów. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przybliżenie Czytelnikom głównych etapów zapoczątkowanego przed ponad 200 mln lat procesu, który doprowadził do znacznego zróżnicowania zarówno wzorów uzębienia, jak i typów wymiany zębów, co obserwujemy u współczesnych ssaków.

Słowa kluczowe: difiodoncja, ewolucja ssaków, polifiodoncja, wymiana zębów
Identifikasi Telur Cacing Nematoda Usus pada Feses Siswa SDN Cimerang Kecamatan Cipatat Kabupaten Bandung Barat
Authors: Rihibiha Dwi Davidson , Aqmalia Ria Nurul 
Published: March 2021

Penyakit infeksi kecacingan sampai saat ini masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di indonesia. Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) merupakan salah satu golongan cacing yang menyebabkan kecacingan, yang terdiri dari Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Ancylostoma duodenale, dan Necator americanus. Sanitasi sekolah, khususnya Sekolah Dasar, adalah salah satu faktor penyebab infeksi cacing yang paling umum. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui adanya telur cacing nematoda usus pada feses siswa SDN Cimerang Kecamatan Cipatat Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Sampel yang digunakan berasal dari feses siswa sebanyak 10 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode bersifat deskriptif. Data diambil dari hasil kuisioner dan sampel feses. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 10 sampel feses negatif. Hasil kuisioner menunjukkan rata-rata siswa memiliki personal hygene dan faktor-faktor kebiasaan yang baik diantaranya, kebiasaan mencuci tangan memakai sabun sebelum dan setelah makan (86,4 %), kebiasaan mencuci tangan memakai sabun setelah buang air besar (97,7%), kebiasaan mencuci tangan memakai sabun setelah bermain tanah (84,1%), bermain tanah (90,9%), menggunakan alas kaki keluar rumah dan istirahat sekolah (79,5%) serta memotong kuku sekali dalam seminggu (81,8%). Oleh karena itu, kebiasaan menjaga kebersihan diri diharapkan dapat dipertahankan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari sehingga dapat mengurangi angka infeksi kecacingan anak-anak.
Gambaran Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) Terkait dengan Status Infeksi Kecacingan pada Warga Kampung Serdang, Desa Silebu Kec. Kragilan Kab. Serang Banten Tahun 2019
Authors: Bedah Sumiati , Kartika Rika 
Published: March 2021

Prevalensi Kecacingan di Indonesia masih sangat tinggi 45-65%, infeksi kecacingan dapat menimbulkan gangguan pada proses pertumbuhan dan perkembangan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) terkait dengan infeksi kecacingan disebabkan oleh Nematoda usus yang ditularkan melalui tanah disebut “Soil Transmitted Helminths/STH” pada warga kampung Serdang, Silebu,Kragilan, Serang, Banten. Kegiatan ini dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2019 berdasarkan data hasil pemeriksaan tinja warga pada penelitian sebelumnya yang dilakukan di laboratorium parasitologi Universitas MH Thamrin. Metode penelitian digunakan observasional analitik menggunakan kuesioner dan observasi. sampel penelitian kegiatan ini yang bersedia menjadi responden adalah 186 warga, metode analisa data menggunakan persentase. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa angka infeksi kecacingan nematoda usus sebanyak 33% dan perilaku personal hygiene baik 69%. Variabel personal hygiene yang diukur adalah variabel perilaku yang berhubungan dengan infeksi kecacingan yaitu memotong kuku kategori baik 72%, mencuci tangan sebelum makan kategori baik 83%, pengelolaan sampah kategori baik 65%, pengelolaan lantai rumah kategori baik 63%, pengelolaan jamban kategori baik 58%, pengelolaan air bersih kategori baik 58%. PHBS dapat dilakukan ditingkatan masyarakat dengan meningkatkan pengetahuan, kesadaran, dan kemauan masyarakat agar hidup bersih dan sehat untuk berperan serta aktif mewujudkan derajat kesehatan yang optimal menawarkan solusi terhadap permasalahan bangsa. Kata Kunci :Infeksi Kecacingan, Personal hygiene, PHBS
¿Cargada de futuro? Del manifiesto al eslogan
Authors: Bagué Quílez Luis , Baños Saldaña José Ángel 
Published: March 2021

“La poesía es un arma cargada de futuro” es el título de una de las composiciones de Cantos iberos (1955), de Gabriel Celaya, pero también uno de los lugares comunes más habituales en la poesía española de posguerra. En este artículo nos centraremos en la pervivencia del lema de Celaya en los autores de las últimas décadas del siglo xx y comienzos del siglo XXI. Dentro de este contexto cabe distinguir tres actitudes principales: la adaptación del mensaje de transformación social a la perspectiva desencantada del compromiso contemporáneo; la conversión del dictum de Celaya en un eslogan desvitalizado, no muy lejos de la retórica comercial; o la resemantización de las viejas consignas sociales en un nuevo entorno de insatisfacción cívica.
Intermedialidad y disidencia en "Última rumba en La Habana"
Authors: Tennenini Roberta 
Published: March 2021

En la novela Última rumba en La Habana (2001), Fernando Velázquez Medina explora las facetas más oscuras y miserables de la sociedad cubana del periodo especial por medio de una construcción discursiva de tipo intermedial. La obra se enmarca dentro del llamado “realismo sucio” y pone en escena el monólogo de una jinetera cuyo sueño es exiliarse. Las referencias literarias, musicales, cinematográficas y artísticas que salpican la novela y arman la narración contribuyen a deconstruir el metarrelato revolucionario que la protagonista critica. A tono con los planteamientos de Mitchell, Rajewsky y Müller sobre la intermedialidad y siguiendo las reflexiones que Foucault dedica al poder, el presente artículo analiza el alcance contrahegemónico de la intermedialidad.
Modeling Solar Wind Variations over an 11 Year Cycle with Alfvén Wave Dissipation: A Parameter Study
Authors: Hazra Soumitra , Réville Victor , Perri Barbara , Strugarek Antoine , Brun Allan Sacha , Buchlin Eric 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We study the behavior and properties of the solar wind using a 2.5D Alfvén wave (AW)-driven wind model. We first systematically compare the results of an AW-driven wind model with a polytropic approach. Polytropic magnetohydrodynamic wind models are thermally driven, while AWs act as additional acceleration and heating mechanisms in the AW-driven model. We confirm that an AW-driven model is required to reproduce the observed bimodality of slow and fast solar winds. We are also able to reproduce the observed anticorrelation between the terminal wind velocity and the coronal source temperature with the AW-driven wind model. We also show that the wind properties along an 11 yr cycle differ significantly from one model to the other. The AW-driven model again shows the best agreement with observational data. Indeed, solar surface magnetic field topology plays an important role in the AW-driven wind model, as it enters directly into the input energy sources via the Poynting flux. On the other hand, the polytropic wind model is driven by an assumed pressure gradient; thus, it is relatively less sensitive to the surface magnetic field topology. Finally, we note that the net torque spinning down the Sun exhibits the same trends in the two models, showing that the polytropic approach still correctly captures the essence of stellar winds.
Polarized Radiation and the Emergence of Biological Homochirality on Earth and Beyond
Authors: Globus Noémie , Fedynitch Anatoli , Blandford Roger D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
It has been proposed that spin-polarized cosmic radiation can induce asymmetric changes in helical biopolymers that may account for the emergence of biological homochirality. The parity violation in the weak interaction has direct consequences on the transport of polarization in cosmic ray showers. In this paper, we show that muons retain their polarization down to energies at which they can initiate enantioselective mutagenesis. Therefore, muons are most likely to succeed in establishing the connection between broken symmetries in the standard model of particle physics and that found in living organisms. We calculate the radiation doses deposited by primary and secondary cosmic rays at various prime targets for the searches of life in the solar system: Mars, Venus, Titan, icy moons and planetesimals, and discuss the implications for the enantioselective mutagenesis proposed as to be the driver of homochiralization. Earth is unusual in that spin-polarized muons dominate the cosmic radiation at its surface.
Classification and suitability evaluation of soils along a toposequence for rice production in Alabata, Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Osinuga O.A. , Aiboni V.U. , Oyegoke C.O. 
Published: March 2021

Soil classification and suitability evaluation are requirements for attaining optimum utilization of the available land resources. Detailed soil survey of a top sequence at Alabata, Southwest Nigeria was carried out using the rigid grid method. The soils were characterized, classified, and evaluated for rain-fed rice production. The results of the study showed that the soils were loamy sand to sandy clay loam texture, fine to coarse sub-angular blocky structure and loose to hard consistency. Soil reaction ranged from strongly acidic to slightly acidic (pH 4.2-6.1) with low organic carbon (5.6-19.0 g/kg) and total nitrogen (0.5-1.7 g/kg). The potassium contents were moderate while exchangeable cations and available phosphorus were very low. Pedon 1 was classified as KandicPaleustalfs, pedon 2 as TypicHaplustalfs and pedon 3 as Aeric Kandiaqualfs. The index of current productivity (IPc) by linear model ranged between 8.7 and 10.3, while by square root models ranged between 16.2 and 17.5. The values suggested that the soils were not currently suitable (N2 and N1) for rice production. The index of potential productivity (IPp) ranged from 48.5 to57.0 by linear model and from 53.9 and 58.5 for the square root model. Thus, pedons were potentially marginally (S3) and moderately (S2) suitable for the production of rice. The limiting factors were mainly low levels of macro nutrients, organic matter and cation exchange capacity.
Key words: Classification, climate, suitability evaluation, toposequence, rice production
Effects of wood harvesting on the livelihood of forest fringe communities in southwest Nigeria
Authors: Awe F. , Olarewaju T.O. , Orumwense L.A. , Olatunji B.T. 
Published: March 2021

This study was carried out to assess effects of wood harvesting on the livelihood of forest communities in Ibarapa region, southwest, Nigeria. The study was conducted to identify the various livelihood activities engaged in by forest communities in the region; to assess how wood harvesting in the forests has affected the livelihood of the people in the region as well as to determine the factors influencing wood harvesting in the region. Three hundred copies of structured questionnaire were used to elicit information from the respondents. Focused Group Discussion and Key Informant Interview were also used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results show that various livelihood activities were engaged in by the respondents, prominent among which were food crop production, cash crop production, charcoal production, among others. Among the factors that were responsible for wood harvesting in the region, only age, occupation, household size and the distance of respondent’s house to the forest were significant at 5%. It was observed that excessive wood harvesting has negatively affected the forests in the study area as most of the forests have been greatly degraded. This study recommends that the activities of forest communities should be regulated by local authorities and governments, at different levels, in order to sustain the forests in the region.
Key words: timber, charcoal, lumbering, regression, fuelwood