bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenging the State: Devolutionary Tenure Transitions for Saving and Expanding Forests
Authors: Alden Wily Liz 
Published: May 2021

AbstractI address a contentious element in forest property relations to illustrate the role of ownership in protecting and expanding of forest cover by examining the extent to which rural communities may legally own forests. The premise is that whilst state-owned protected areas have contributed enormously to forest survival, this has been insufficiently successful to justify the mass dispossession of customary land-owning communities this has entailed. Further, I argue that state co-option of community lands is unwarranted. Rural communities on all continents ably demonstrate the will and capacity to conserve forests – provided their customary ownership is legally recognized. I explore the property rights reforms now enabling this. The replication potential of community protected forestlands is great enough to deserve flagship status in global commitments to expand forest including in the upcoming new Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).
Students as Partners in Peer Mentoring: Expectations, Experiences and Emotions
Authors: Seery Christina , Andres Andrea , Moore-Cherry Niamh , O’Sullivan Sara 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIncreasing emphasis in recent years has been placed on how faculty, staff and students in higher education can be drawn into more collaborative learning relationships through partnership working. The significant challenges in terms of negotiating shifting roles and responsibilities have been well documented. Less attention has been paid to the affective challenges, and particularly the emotional labour involved. This paper focuses on the adoption of a partnership approach to first year peer mentoring and orientation in a large Social Science programme. Peer mentors played a critical role as designers of the programme, as partners delivering the programme, and as co-researchers, offering a unique understanding and insight into aspects of the peer mentor experience that often remain hidden. Our findings draw attention to the need to consider and manage more carefully the impact of students on each other in mentoring relationships but also suggest an opportunity to harness the mentoring experience to embed a partnership culture more fully.
Associative spectra of graph algebras I
Authors: Lehtonen Erkko , Waldhauser Tamás 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAssociative spectra of graph algebras are examined with the help of homomorphisms of DFS trees. Undirected graphs are classified according to the associative spectra of their graph algebras; there are only three distinct possibilities: constant 1, powers of 2, and Catalan numbers. Associative and antiassociative digraphs are described, and associative spectra are determined for certain families of digraphs, such as paths, cycles, and graphs on two vertices.
A replica exchange umbrella sampling (REUS) approach to predict host–guest binding free energies in SAMPL8 challenge
Authors: Ghorbani Mahdi , Hudson Phillip S. , Jones Michael R. , Aviat Félix , Meana-Pañeda Rubén , Klauda Jeffery B. , Brooks Bernard R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this study, we report binding free energy calculations of various drugs-of-abuse to Cucurbit-[8]-uril as part of the SAMPL8 blind challenge. Force-field parameters were obtained from force-matching with different quantum mechanical levels of theory. The Replica Exchange Umbrella Sampling (REUS) approach was used with a cylindrical restraint to enhance the sampling of host–guest binding. Binding free energy was calculated by pulling the guest molecule from one side of the symmetric and cylindrical host, then into and through the host, and out the other side (bidirectional) as compared to pulling only to the bound pose inside the cylindrical host (unidirectional). The initial results with force-matched MP2 parameter set led to RMSE of 4.68$${\text{kcal}}/{\text{mol}}$$kcal/molfrom experimental values. However, the follow-up study with CHARMM generalized force field parameters and force-matched PM6-D3H4 parameters resulted in RMSEs from experiment of$$2.65$$2.65and$$1.72 {\text{kcal}}/{\text{mol}}$$1.72kcal/mol, respectively, which demonstrates the potential of REUS for accurate binding free energy calculation given a more suitable description of energetics. Moreover, we compared the free energies for the so called bidirectional and unidirectional free energy approach and found that the binding free energies were highly similar. However, one issue in the bidirectional approach is the asymmetry of profile on the two sides of the host. This is mainly due to the insufficient sampling for these larger systems and can be avoided by longer sampling simulations. Overall REUS shows great promise for binding free energy calculations.
A GIS-based approach to compare economic damages of fluvial flooding in the Neckar River basin under current conditions and future scenarios
Authors: Prütz Ruben , Månsson Peter 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFluvial floods can cause significant damages and are expected to increase in magnitude and frequency throughout the twenty-first century due to global warming. Alongside hazard characteristics, damage potentials depend on exposure and vulnerability, which are changing in the wake of socio-economic developments. In the context of continuously evolving damage-causing factors, assessments of future changes in flood damage potentials are increasingly asked for by decision-makers in flood risk management. This study addresses this need by (a) providing a systematic review of contemporary assessment approaches to quantitatively compare direct economic losses from fluvial flooding under current and future conditions and (b) combining the reviewed approaches to an applicable methodology which is used in a case study to quantify changing flood damage potentials in the Neckar River basin in southern Germany. Therefore, a scoping study of contemporary flood damage assessment approaches supported by geographic information systems (GIS) is performed. The subsequent case study of the Neckar River prognoses a significant increase in average annual flood damages in the study area throughout the twenty-first century. The case study produces valid results with regards to current precipitation data, whereas the absence of verification data makes the validation of projected scenarios more difficult. To account for uncertainties surrounding these future projections, a nascent qualitative confidence estimation is introduced to reflect on the strength of knowledge underlying the used flood damage assessment methodology.
The dynamics of an omnidirectional pendulum harvester
Authors: Sommermann Philipp , Cartmell Matthew P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe pendulum applied to the field of mechanical energy harvesting has been studied extensively in the past. However, systems examined to date have largely comprised simple pendulums limited to planar motion and to correspondingly limited degrees of excitational freedom. In order to remove these limitations and thus cover a broader range of use, this paper examines the dynamics of a spherical pendulum with translational support excitation in three directions that operate under generic forcing conditions. This system can be modelled by two generalised coordinates. The main aim of this work is to propose an optimisation procedure to select the ideal parameters of the pendulum for an experimental programme intended to lead to an optimised pre-prototype. In addition, an investigation of the power take-off and its effect on the dynamics of the pendulum is presented with the help of Bifurcation diagrams and Poincaré sections.
How artworks modify our perception of the world
Authors: Vernazzani Alfredo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMany artists, art critics, and poets suggest that an aesthetic appreciation of artworks may modify our perception of the world, including quotidian things and scenes. I call this Art-to-World, AtW. Focusing on visual artworks, in this paper I articulate an empirically-informed account of AtW that is based on content-related views of aesthetic experience, and on Goodman’s and Elgin’s concept of exemplification. An aesthetic encounter with artworks demands paying attention to its aesthetic, expressive, or design properties that realize its purpose. Attention to these properties make percipients better able to spot them in other entities and scenes as well. The upshot is that an aesthetic commerce with artworks enlarges the scope of what we are able to see and has therefore momentous epistemic consequences.
Invariance as a basis for necessity and laws
Authors: Sher Gila 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMany philosophers are baffled by necessity. Humeans, in particular, are deeply disturbed by the idea of necessary laws of nature. In this paper I offer a systematic yet down to earth explanation of necessity and laws in terms of invariance. The type of invariance I employ for this purpose generalizes an invariance used in meta-logic. The main idea is that properties and relations in general have certain degrees of invariance, and some properties/relations have a stronger degree of invariance than others. The degrees of invariance of highly-invariant properties are associated with high degrees of necessity of laws governing/describing these properties, and this explains the necessity of such laws both in logic and in science. This non-mysterious explanation has rich ramifications for both fields, including the formality of logic and mathematics, the apparent conflict between the contingency of science and the necessity of its laws, the difference between logical-mathematical, physical, and biological laws/principles, the abstract character of laws, the applicability of logic and mathematics to science, scientific realism, and logical-mathematical realism.
Examining the contribution of RAN components to reading fluency, reading comprehension, and spelling in German
Authors: Huschka Sina S. , Georgiou George K. , Brandenburg Janin , Ehm Jan-Henning , Hasselhorn Marcus 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe examined the contribution of rapid automatized naming (RAN) components (articulation time, pause time, and pause time consistency) to reading fluency, reading comprehension, and spelling in a sample of 257 German children (139 boys, 118 girls; Mage = 5.60 years, SD = 0.31) followed from kindergarten to Grade 1. In kindergarten, children were assessed on measures of RAN (colors and objects), phonological awareness, letter-sound knowledge, phonological short-term memory, and paired-associate learning. Reading fluency, reading comprehension, and spelling were assessed at the end of Grade 1. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that pause time and pause time consistency continued to predict reading fluency, but not reading comprehension or spelling, after controlling for the effects of the other cognitive skills assessed in kindergarten. Articulation time did not add to the prediction of any literacy skills. These findings support previous research suggesting that, during the early phases of learning to read, pause time holds the key in the relation between RAN and reading fluency.
Volatility and the Cross-Section of Real Estate Equity Returns during Covid-19
Authors: Milcheva Stanimira 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper uses the global systemic shock associated with the outbreak of the novel coronavirus Covid-19 to assess the risk-return relationship in the cross-section of real estate equities in the US and in selected Asian countries. I construct regional Covid-19 Risk Factors (CRFs) to assess how the risk exposure of stocks to the pandemic affects their performance. I find substantial differences between stocks in Asia and the US as a result of the pandemic. During the early stages of the pandemic, the sensitivity of Asian real estate companies to the market becomes negative, while it remains positive and increases in the US. Real estate sectors experience strong divergence in performance in the US while little sectoral difference is observed in Asia. The most affected sectors in the US are retail and hotels, while in Asia it is office. A Fama–MacBeth regression shows evidence for a low-risk effect during the Covid period: while insignificant prior to the pandemic, the return-risk relationship becomes significantly negative during the Covid period, with valuation effects driving the results in both regions. Firms in the US perform significantly worse if their exposure to the pandemic is higher, which is not the case in Asia. The results point towards strong divergence of expectations between US and Asian real estate companies in the onset of Covid-19, which may be associated with the level of prior experience to similar pandemics.
Seroepidemiology of Foot and Mouth Disease using passive surveillance techniques in selected provinces of Lao PDR
Authors: Siengsanan-Lamont Jarunee , Douangngeun Bounlom , Theppangna Watthana , Khounsy Syseng , Phommachanh Phouvong , Kamolsiripichaiporn Somjai , Udon Romphruke , Seeyo Kingkarn Boonsuya , Selleck Paul W. , Matsumoto Nina , Gleeson Laurence J. , Blacksell Stuart D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFoot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a high-impact, contagious transboundary animal disease that is endemic in Southeast Asia. Abattoir samples were routinely collected in six selected provinces between March and December 2019. A total of 1280 samples of abattoir animals were tested for FMD Non-Structural Protein (NSP) antibodies to indicate natural infections. Overall, 22.8% were seropositive for FMD NSP antibodies while seroprevalence of cattle (n = 469), buffalo (n = 214), and pigs (n = 597) were 44.6%, 35.0%, and 1.3%, respectively. The highest seroprevalence destination province was Xiengkhouang (35.3% of 272 samples), followed by Savannakhet (27.0% of 244 samples). Risk factors for evidence of natural infection identified by a multivariate logistic regression model included age groups (p-value = 0.02) and origin provinces (p-value = 2.8 × 10−5) of the animals. There were significant differences of FMD NSP seroprevalence between age groups and origin provinces of the animals. The odds ratio of a seropositive result in the less than 1 year old group was 2.5 (95% CI; 1.4, 4.4) when compared to the 3–4 years old group, while the odds ratios for animals that originated from Khammouane and Xiengkhouang provinces were 4.5 (95% CI; 1.1, 18.7) and 2.4 (95% CI; 1.4, 4.1), respectively, when compared to Champasak province. Serotype-specific antibody ELISA for 44 NSP antibody–positive samples revealed evidence of FMD serotypes O and A virus circulation in some provinces. Despite the passive abattoir survey providing useful information on FMD virus previous exposure and geographic locations of the animals, timely information on FMD virus circulation and distribution is also crucial to an effective control program. Alternative approaches to increase the cost-effectiveness of the surveillance network are also discussed.
The TaPaSCo Open-Source Toolflow
Authors: Heinz Carsten , Hofmann Jaco , Korinth Jens , Sommer Lukas , Weber Lukas , Koch Andreas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe integration of FPGA-based accelerators into a complete heterogeneous system is a challenging task faced by many researchers and engineers, especially now that FPGAs enjoy increasing popularity as implementation platforms for efficient, application-specific accelerators for domains such as signal processing, machine learning and intelligent storage. To lighten the burden of system integration from the developers of accelerators, the open-source TaPaSCo framework presented in this work provides an automated toolflow for the construction of heterogeneous many-core architectures from custom processing elements, and a simple, uniform programming interface to utilize spatially distributed, parallel computation on FPGAs. TaPaSCo aims to increase the scalability and portability of FPGA designs through automated design space exploration, greatly simplifying the scaling of hardware designs and facilitating iterative growth and portability across FPGA devices and families. This work describes TaPaSCo with its primary design abstractions and shows how TaPaSCo addresses portability and extensibility of FPGA hardware designs for systems-on-chip. A study of successful projects using TaPaSCo shows its versatility and can serve as inspiration and reference for future users, with more details on the usage of TaPaSCo presented in an in-depth case study and a short overview of the workflow.
SNP markers associated with resistance to frosty pod and black pod rot diseases in an F1 population of Theobroma cacao L.
Authors: Gutiérrez Osman A. , Puig Alina S. , Phillips-Mora Wilbert , Bailey Bryan A. , Ali Shahin S. , Mockaitis Keithanne , Schnell Raymond J. , Livingstone Donald , Mustiga Guiliana , Royaert Stefan , Motamayor Juan Carlos 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEconomically, cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is a major tropical commodity for the Americas; however, severe losses due to Moniliophthora roreri (Cif. and Par.), which causes frosty pod rot (FPR), and Phytophthora spp., which causes black pod rot (BPR), have reduced cacao production in the Americas. The objectives of this study are to (i) re-confirm the QTL using different marker set; (ii) discover new QTL associated with FPR and BPR resistance using SNP markers; and (iii) find genes in the candidate QTL regions. At CATIE in Turrialba, Costa Rica, an F1 mapping population of cacao was obtained by crossing “POUND 7,” a clone moderately susceptible to FPR and resistant to BPR, with “UF 273,” resistant to FPR and highly susceptible to BPR. A total of 179 F1 progeny were fingerprinted with 5149 SNP markers and a dense linkage map composed of 10 linkage groups was developed using 2910 polymorphic SNP markers. Also segregating F1 trees were screened for resistance to FPR and BPR diseases. Seven QTL previously reported on chromosomes 2, 7, and 8 for FPR resistance and on chromosomes 4, 8, and 10 for BPR resistance were confirmed. Additionally, eight QTL were identified for FPR resistance (chromosomes 4, 9, and 10) and BPR resistance (chromosome 2). The expression of genes commonly associated with plant defense and disease resistance that are located within the identified QTL was confirmed.
Efficiency of sweet whey fermentation with psychrophilic methanogens
Authors: Dębowski Marcin , Korzeniewska Ewa , Kazimierowicz Joanna , Zieliński Marcin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSweet whey is a waste product from the dairy industry that is difficult to manage. High hopes are fostered regarding its neutralization in the methane fermentation. An economically viable alternative to a typical mesophilic fermentation seems to be the process involving psychrophilic bacteria isolated from the natural environment. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of exploiting psychrophilic microorganisms in methane fermentation of sweet whey. The experiments were carried out under dynamic conditions using Bio Flo 310 type flow-through anaerobic bioreactors. The temperature inside the reactors was 10 ± 1 °C. The HRT was 20 days and the OLR was 0.2 g COD/dm3/day. The study yielded 132.7 ± 13.8 mL biogas/gCODremoved. The CH4 concentration in the biogas was 32.7 ± 1.6%, that of H2 was 8.7 ± 4.7%, whereas that of CO2 reached 58.42 ± 2.47%. Other gases were also determined, though in lower concentrations. The COD and BOD5 removal efficiency reached 21.4 ± 0.6% and 17.6 ± 1.0%, respectively.
Liefern Jugendliche valide Informationen zum Bildungsstand ihrer Eltern in standardisierten Erhebungen? Befunde zu Schülerinnen und Schülern der 9. Jahrgangsstufe in Deutschland
Authors: Hovestadt Till , Schneider Thorsten 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Qualität der Angaben, die Jugendliche zu den Bildungsabschlüssen ihrer Eltern in einer standardisierten Befragung liefern, wird unter Heranziehung der kognitiven Theorie des Antwortverhaltens untersucht. Hierzu werden Daten des Nationalen Bildungspanels aus der 9. Jahrgangsstufe des Schuljahres 2009/10 mit multinomialen Logit-Modellen analysiert. Ungefähr jeder fünfte bzw. vierte Jugendliche liefert keine Angabe zum Abschluss der Mutter bzw. des Vaters, jeder vierte abweichende und nur jeder zweite übereinstimmende Angaben. Theoriekonform geht ein größerer Wortschatz mit weniger Fehl- und mehr konsistenten Angaben einher. Von Eltern im Ausland erworbene Abschlüsse sind entweder seltener kognitiv verankert oder können den vorgegebenen Antwortkategorien nicht zugeordnet werden. Entgegen theoretischer Annahmen und bisheriger Forschung sind Gewissenhaftigkeit und Diskussionen mit Eltern für die Qualität der Antworten unbedeutend. Vergleichende Auswertungen zu sozialen Ungleichheiten in Mathematikkompetenzen zeigen, dass diese statistisch und inhaltlich signifikant niedriger ausfallen, wenn anstelle der Selbstberichte von Eltern Proxy-Angaben der Jugendlichen verwendet werden.
Quantification of Myocardial Deformation Applying CMR-Feature-Tracking—All About the Left Ventricle?
Authors: Lange Torben , Schuster Andreas 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Cardiac magnetic resonance-feature-tracking (CMR-FT)-based deformation analyses are key tools of cardiovascular imaging and applications in heart failure (HF) diagnostics are expanding. In this review, we outline the current range of application with diagnostic and prognostic implications and provide perspectives on future trends of this technique.

Recent Findings
By applying CMR-FT in different cardiovascular diseases, increasing evidence proves CMR-FT-derived parameters as powerful diagnostic and prognostic imaging biomarkers within the HF continuum partly outperforming traditional clinical values like left ventricular ejection fraction. Importantly, HF diagnostics and deformation analyses by CMR-FT are feasible far beyond sole left ventricular performance evaluation underlining the holistic nature and accuracy of this imaging approach.

Summary
As an established and continuously evolving technique with strong prognostic implications, CMR-FT deformation analyses enable comprehensive cardiac performance quantification of all cardiac chambers.
Sorting Out Sorting Nexins Functions in the Nervous System in Health and Disease
Authors: Vieira Neide , Rito Teresa , Correia-Neves Margarida , Sousa Nuno 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEndocytosis is a fundamental process that controls protein/lipid composition of the plasma membrane, thereby shaping cellular metabolism, sensing, adhesion, signaling, and nutrient uptake. Endocytosis is essential for the cell to adapt to its surrounding environment, and a tight regulation of the endocytic mechanisms is required to maintain cell function and survival. This is particularly significant in the central nervous system (CNS), where composition of neuronal cell surface is crucial for synaptic functioning. In fact, distinct pathologies of the CNS are tightly linked to abnormal endolysosomal function, and several genome wide association analysis (GWAS) and biochemical studies have identified intracellular trafficking regulators as genetic risk factors for such pathologies. The sorting nexins (SNXs) are a family of proteins involved in protein trafficking regulation and signaling. SNXs dysregulation occurs in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Down’s syndrome (DS), schizophrenia, ataxia and epilepsy, among others, establishing clear roles for this protein family in pathology. Interestingly, restoration of SNXs levels has been shown to trigger synaptic plasticity recovery in a DS mouse model. This review encompasses an historical and evolutionary overview of SNXs protein family, focusing on its organization, phyla conservation, and evolution throughout the development of the nervous system during speciation. We will also survey SNXs molecular interactions and highlight how defects on SNXs underlie distinct pathologies of the CNS. Ultimately, we discuss possible strategies of intervention, surveying how our knowledge about the fundamental processes regulated by SNXs can be applied to the identification of novel therapeutic avenues for SNXs-related disorders.