bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Encoding of facial features by single neurons in the human amygdala and hippocampus
Authors: Cao Runnan , Li Xin , Brandmeir Nicholas J. , Wang Shuo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFaces are salient social stimuli that attract a stereotypical pattern of eye movement. The human amygdala and hippocampus are involved in various aspects of face processing; however, it remains unclear how they encode the content of fixations when viewing faces. To answer this question, we employed single-neuron recordings with simultaneous eye tracking when participants viewed natural face stimuli. We found a class of neurons in the human amygdala and hippocampus that encoded salient facial features such as the eyes and mouth. With a control experiment using non-face stimuli, we further showed that feature selectivity was specific to faces. We also found another population of neurons that differentiated saccades to the eyes vs. the mouth. Population decoding confirmed our results and further revealed the temporal dynamics of face feature coding. Interestingly, we found that the amygdala and hippocampus played different roles in encoding facial features. Lastly, we revealed two functional roles of feature-selective neurons: 1) they encoded the salient region for face recognition, and 2) they were related to perceived social trait judgments. Together, our results link eye movement with neural face processing and provide important mechanistic insights for human face perception.
Single cell analysis of spondyloarthritis regulatory T cells identifies distinct synovial gene expression patterns and clonal fates
Authors: Simone Davide , Penkava Frank , Ridley Anna , Sansom Stephen , Al-Mossawi M. Hussein , Bowness Paul 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRegulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in controlling inflammation and limiting autoimmunity, but their phenotypes at inflammatory sites in human disease are poorly understood. We here analyze the single-cell transcriptome of >16,000 Tregs obtained from peripheral blood and synovial fluid of two patients with HLA-B27+ ankylosing spondylitis and three patients with psoriatic arthritis, closely related forms of inflammatory spondyloarthritis. We identify multiple Treg clusters with distinct transcriptomic profiles, including, among others, a regulatory CD8+subset expressing cytotoxic markers/genes, and a Th17-likeRORC+ Treg subset characterized by IL-10 and LAG-3 expression. Synovial Tregs show upregulation of interferon signature and TNF receptor superfamily genes, and marked clonal expansion, consistent with tissue adaptation and antigen contact respectively. Individual synovial Treg clones map to different clusters indicating cell fate divergence. Finally, we demonstrate that LAG-3 directly inhibits IL-12/23 and TNF secretion by patient-derived monocytes, a mechanism with translational potential in SpA. Our detailed characterization of Tregs at an important inflammatory site illustrates the marked specialization of Treg subpopulations.
Berry paramagnetism in the Dirac semimetal ZrTe5
Authors: Ji Sanghyun , Lee Sang-Eon , Jung Myung-Hwa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDirac matters have attracted a lot of interest due to their unique band structure with linear band dispersions, which have great potential for technological applications. Recently, three-dimensional Dirac and Weyl semimetals have invoked distinctive phenomena originating from a non-trivial Berry phase. In this study, we prepare single crystals of TixZr1-xTe5 with a highly anisotropic Fermi surface. Our detailed electrical transport measurements reveal that the crystals show the Lifshitz transition, and Ti doping induces a band shift. Further quantum oscillation analyses demonstrate that the TixZr1-xTe5 crystals are 3D Dirac semimetals. Additionally, we observed a minimum temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility, which is close to a peak position of electrical resistivity. This observation is interpreted in terms of the Berry paramagnetism. Our finding paves the way to determine a band topology by magnetism and also provides a platform to apply the Berry magnetism to Dirac semimetals.
Observation of a flat band and bandgap in millimeter-scale twisted bilayer graphene
Authors: Sato Keiju , Hayashi Naoki , Ito Takahiro , Masago Noriyuki , Takamura Makoto , Morimoto Mitsuru , Maekawa Takuji , Lee Doyoon , Qiao Kuan , Kim Jeehwan , Nakagahara Keisuke , Wakabayashi Katsunori , Hibino Hiroki , Norimatsu Wataru 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMagic-angle twisted bilayer graphene, consisting of two graphene layers stacked at a special angle, exhibits superconductivity due to the maximized density of states at the energy of the flat band. Generally, experiments on twisted bilayer graphene have been performed using micrometer-scale samples. Here we report the fabrication of twisted bilayer graphene with an area exceeding 3 × 5 mm2 by transferring epitaxial graphene onto another epitaxial graphene, and observation of a flat band and large bandgap using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Our results suggest that the substrate potential induces both the asymmetrical doping in large angle twisted bilayer graphene and the electron doped nature of the flat band in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene.
MII (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu) complexes with a chromone-derived neutral ligand: synthesis, structural characterization, photocatalytic and mycobacterial activity studies
Authors: Camargo Mariana Leticia Munin , Schwalm Cristiane Storck , Bortolotto Tanize , de Freitas Daudt Natália , Rossi Grazielle Guidolin , Anraku de Campos Marli Matiko , D’Oliveira Kaique Alexandre , Cuin Alexandre , Schwade Vânia Denise 
Published: December 2021

This work provides the coordination chemistry of the resulting compound of 2-(2-furyl)-3-hydroxychromone and nicotinoyl chloride with first row transition metal ions. Good performance in H2 evolution was shown by the copper-containing photocatalyst.
Predicting Persistent Developmental Stuttering Using a Cumulative Risk Approach
Authors: Singer Cara M. , Otieno Sango , Chang Soo-Eun , Jones Robin M. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to explore how well a cumulative risk approach, based on empirically supported predictive factors, predicts whether a young child who stutters is likely to develop persistent developmental stuttering. In a cumulative risk approach, the number of predictive factors indicating a child is at risk to develop persistent stuttering is evaluated, and a greater number of indicators of risk are hypothesized to confer greater risk of persistent stuttering.Method:We combined extant data on 3- to 5-year-old children who stutter from two longitudinal studies to identify cutoff values for continuous predictive factors (e.g., speech and language skills, age at onset, time since onset, stuttering frequency) and, in combination with binary predictors (e.g., sex, family history of stuttering), used all-subsets regression and receiver operating characteristic curves to compare the predictive validity of different combinations of 10 risk factors. The optimal combination of predictive factors and the odds of a child developing persistent stuttering based on an increasing number of factors were calculated.Results:Based on 67 children who stutter (i.e., 44 persisting and 23 recovered) with relatively strong speech-language skills, the predictive factor model that yielded the best predictive validity was based on time since onset (≥ 19 months), speech sound skills (≤ 115 standard score), expressive language skills (≤ 106 standard score), and stuttering severity (≥ 17 Stuttering Severity Instrument total score). When the presence of at least two predictive factors was used to confer elevated risk to develop persistent stuttering, the model yielded 93% sensitivity and 65% specificity. As a child presented with a greater number of these four risk factors, the odds for persistent stuttering increased.Conclusions:Findings support the use of a cumulative risk approach and the predictive utility of assessing multiple domains when evaluating a child's risk of developing persistent stuttering. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed.
Performance analysis of CIM‐STSK system
Authors: Bian Lina , Quan Daying , Jin Xiaoping 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCode‐index modulation (CIM) uses the index of spreading code to convey information, which can be integrated with different kinds of MIMO systems to achieve higher throughput. This paper proposes a novel CIM‐integrated space time shift keying scheme called CIM‐STSK. The CIM‐STSK system employs three types of resources to transmit information bits, which are Hadamard codes, dispersion matrix indexes and QAM constellation symbols. The mathematical expression of the bit error rate of the CIM‐STSK system is derived, and the theoretical analysis is validated with Monte Carlo simulation results. Compared with the corresponding CIM‐SS, STSK, CIM‐SM, and CIM‐QSM systems, CIM‐STSK scheme can not only improve spectrum efficiency, but also achieve a better error performance.
MAM: A multipath attention mechanism for image recognition
Authors: Zhang Hao , Peng Guoqin , Wu Zhichao , Gong Jian , Xu Dan , Shi Hongzhen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAttention mechanism has shown excellent performance in many computer vision tasks, while the previous literature may not adequately consider different types of attention mechanisms or is individual elaborate designed for a certain network. In this paper, a general yet effective multipath attention mechanism (MAM) to explore the effect of visual attention for image recognition is proposed. In contrast with other attentions that leverage global pooling, the main advantage is that the MAM considers both the correlation of featuremaps and different scale structural information into account. The backbone representations are enhanced by adding MAM laterally along independent and separate dimensions, channel and spatial. Due to only a simple and unified calculation block is generated, MAM can be flexibly integrated into various CNNs within few parameters and trained together end‐to‐end. Furthermore, the topology structures of attention path arrangement are investigated using different connection schemes. Experimental results on several image recognition datasets show that the model outperforms various existing models. Finally, performance improvement through visualisation is intuitively discussed. The source code for the proposed attention module is publicly available.
Multivariable passive method for detection of islanding events in renewable energy based power grids
Authors: Swarnkar Nagendra Kumar , Mahela Om Prakash , Khan Baseem , Lalwani Mahendra 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPenetration of distributed generation resources (DGR) in power grid is rapidly increasing to meet future energy demand efficiently. It helps in mitigating the problems of high carbon emission, green house effect, and increased cost of oil and natural gases. Island formation of a part of the renewable energy based power grid (REPG) creates hazards to operating personnel and equipments. Hence, efficient identification of islanding condition and disconnection of DGR immediately become essential for avoiding damage to equipment, personnel safety hazards and grid protection. This paper investigated a signal processing based passive islanding detection method (IDM) which is effective with the availability of multi‐DGR. A islanding detection factor (MIDF) using multi‐variables is proposed which is computed using features extracted by processing the voltage signal, negative sequence current (NSC) and negative sequence voltage (NSV) using Stockwell transform (ST) and Hilbert transform (HT). Total harmonic distortions of voltage () and current () are also considered to compute MIDF. Islanding event is recognized and differentiated from non‐islanding conditions by comparing the MIDF with two threshold values. This method effectively detects the islanding event and discriminates it from the operational and faulty events. IDM has small non‐detection zone (NDZ) and low computational time. Performance of IDM is not affected by noisy environment. Effectiveness of the IDM is established by testing for different event incidence angles, various fault impedances, different values of loads and capacitors, and different penetration levels of RE. Efficacy of IDM is established by testing the IDM through an elaborated study on IEEE‐13 bus distribution grid interfaced with wind power plant (WPP) and solar power plant (SPP). Further, IDM is effectively implemented to detect the islanding event created on a practical distribution network. Effectiveness of IDM is better in comparison to IDMs designed by applications of discrete wavelet transform (DWT), empirical mode decomposition (EMD), Slantlet Transform and Ridgelet probabilistic neural network (RPNN), artificial neural network (ANN), change in rate of active and reactive power, rate of change of frequency, and rate of change of voltage angle.
An effective model parameter estimation of PEMFCs using GWO algorithm and its variants
Authors: Diab Ahmed A. Zaki , Abdul‐Ghaffar Hussien I. , Ahmed Abdelsalam A. , Ramadan Husam A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper introduces the application of the variants of the Grey Wolf Optimisation algorithm for the sake of assessing unknown parameters of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells models. Three versions of Grey Wolf Optimisation algorithm are applied: Conventional Grey Wolf Optimisation, Improved Grey Wolf Optimisation based on dimension learning‐based hunting, and Selective Opposition‐based Grey Wolf Optimisation. Moreover, Optimisation algorithms of Ant Lion Optimiser, Atom search optimisation, Dragonfly algorithm, and Multi‐Verse Optimiser have been applied to estimate the parameters of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells models for the validation purpose. These algorithms are applied to three commercial Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells stacks: BCS 500W‐PEM, 500W‐SR‐12PEM and 250W‐stack. The analyses are executed considering several operational circumstances. Sum of square errors value of the results based on parameters estimation and those experimentally tested are calculated. The objective function is chosen as sum of square errors value. The results are compared with those obtained using well‐known methods in the literature to validate the effectiveness of the proposed methods. It is noticeable that the simulated I‐V curves momentously match the datasheet curves for all the studied cases. In addition, considering the accuracy of the solution and the convergence speed, the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells model based on the Improved Grey Wolf Optimisation algorithm excels all other algorithms. Based on the simulation results, the Improved Grey Wolf Optimisation algorithm can improve the optimisation efficiency to 99.97 for the 250 W stack while the efficiency with Grey Wolf Optimisation and Selective Opposition‐based Grey Wolf Optimisation are 98.83 and 98.84, respectively, for the 250 W stack case study.
Production of fuel pellets from bean crop residues (Phaseolus vulgaris)
Authors: Trejo‐Zamudio Daniel , Gutiérrez‐Antonio Claudia , García‐Trejo Juan Fernando , Feregrino‐Pérez Ana Angélica , Toledano‐Ayala Manuel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBeans are an important part of the Mexican diet, and its cultivation generates a significant amount of waste. This biomass contains important amounts of carbon, which makes it a potential source to obtaining fuel pellets. Therefore, this work proposes the production of fuel pellets from bean residues considering as control factors the particle size and moisture content. The fuel pellets of best quality were obtained from biomass with a moisture content of 20% and a particle size of 8.00 mm before its densification (M3P2 samples); these fuel pellets reached a higher heating value of 16.097 MJ/kg, 5.319% of dry weight ashes, a bulk density of 607.38 kg/m3, a final moisture of 11.679%, an individual density of 1.1979 g/cm3, a final diameter of 8.13 mm, a final length of 18.50 mm, a final carbon content of 54.322%, and a yield of 60.7%. Based on these results, the fuel pellets produced from the residues of the bean crop satisfy the ISO 17225–6 standard, and they can replace solid fossil fuels for generation of electrical and/or thermal energy.
Tranexamic Acid: When is It Indicated in Orthopaedic Surgery?
Authors: Viberg Bjarke 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTranexamic acid (TXA) has been studied extensively during the last 5–8 years. It inhibits clot dissolution during surgery and can therefore reduce blood loss. However, there has been
concern that this could result in more frequent complications, specifically in terms of thromboembolic events. The indications for TXA are widespread, and this review covers the literature
on orthopaedic indications such as joint replacement, fracture surgery, and arthroscopic procedures. In general, TXA is safe and can be used in a wide variety of orthopaedic procedures,
lowering blood loss without increasing the risk of complications.
Ambulante Antibiotika-Verordnungsrate und Mastoiditis-Fälle bei Kindern und Jugendlichen im Saarland, 2014–2019
Authors: Brockhaus Rebekka , Wenzel Gentiana I. , Becker Sören L. , Wagenpfeil Gudrun , Schick Bernhard , Gärtner Barbara , Simon Arne 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Infektionen der Atemwege sind die Hauptindikation für eine ambulante Antibiotikatherapie im Kindes- und Jugendalter. In den letzten Jahren ist die Antibiotika-Verordnungsrate (AVR) in der pädiatrischen Bevölkerung im Saarland deutlich zurückgegangen.
Ziele und Fragestellung Ziel des retrospektiven Mastoiditis-Audits im PaedineSaar Netzwerk ist es, die Inzidenz der stationären akuten Mastoiditis (AM) im Saarland (2014–2019) im Hinblick auf die sinkende AVR bei Kindern zu untersuchen sowie Daten zum klinischen Verlauf der AM zu erheben.
Methoden Es wurden alle stationären AM-Fälle (2014–2019) aus 6 Kliniken für Kinderheilkunde und/oder HNO-Heilkunde im Saarland und Trier retrospektiv ausgewertet. Patienten mit AM im Alter von 0–17 Jahren mit Wohnsitz im Saarland wurden in die Studie eingeschlossen.
Ergebnisse Zwischen 2014 und 2019 wurden 53 stationär behandelte AM-Fälle erfasst. Während des Studienzeitraums gab es keinen signifikanten Anstieg der AM-Inzidenz (mittlere Inzidenz 2014–2019 6,1/100 000). 34% (18/53) der Patienten erhielten prästationär eine orale antibiotische Therapie. Mindestens eine Komplikation trat bei 30% der Patienten (16/53) auf. Es zeigte sich ein leichter Trend zu mehr Komplikationen bei Kindern ohne orale Antibiotikabehandlung vor der stationären Aufnahme (14/35 (40%) vs. 2/18 (11%) P=0,056).
Diskussion Die Inzidenz der stationär behandelten AM im Saarland ist 2014–2019 trotz eines signifikanten Rückgangs der ambulanten AVR nicht gestiegen. Die Ergebnisse dieses Audits sollen zur Entwicklung eines standardisierten Vorgehens bei der Diagnostik und Behandlung von Kindern mit AM dienen.
Temporary Rise in Blood Thrombogenicity in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kosugi Shumpei , Ueda Yasunori , Abe Haruhiko , Ikeoka Kuniyasu , Mishima Tsuyoshi , Ozaki Tatsuhisa , Takayasu Kohtaro , Ohashi Takuya , Yamane Haruya , Nakamura Masayuki , Fukushima Takashi , Horiuchi Kohei , Iehara Takashi , Osaki Satoshi , Ozato Kazuki , Inoue Koichi , Koretsune Yukihiro , Matsumura Yasushi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective Although blood thrombogenicity seems to be one of the determinant factors for the development of acute myocardial infarction (MI), it has not been dealt with in-depth. This study aimed to investigate blood thrombogenicity and its change in acute MI patients.
Methods and Results We designed a prospective, observational study that included 51 acute MI patients and 83 stable coronary artery disease (CAD) patients who underwent cardiac catheterization, comparing thrombogenicity of the whole blood between: (1) acute MI patients and stable CAD patients; and (2) acute and chronic phase in MI patients. Blood thrombogenicity was evaluated by the Total Thrombus-Formation Analysis System (T-TAS) using the area under the flow pressure curve (AUC30) for the AR-chip. Acute MI patients had significantly higher AUC30 than stable CAD patients (median [interquartile range], 1,771 [1,585–1,884] vs. 1,677 [1,527–1,756], p = 0.010). Multivariate regression analysis identified acute MI with initial TIMI flow grade 0/1 as an independent determinant of high AUC30 (β = 0.211, p = 0.013). In acute MI patients, AUC30 decreased significantly from acute to chronic phase (1,859 [1,550–2,008] to 1,521 [1,328–1,745], p = 0.001).
Conclusion Blood thrombogenicity was significantly higher in acute MI patients than in stable CAD patients. Acute MI with initial TIMI flow grade 0/1 was significantly associated with high blood thrombogenicity by multivariate analysis. In acute MI patients, blood thrombogenicity was temporarily higher in acute phase than in chronic phase.
Unusual Anterior Neck Swelling: Cervical Spinal Cord Schwannoma
Authors: Özgiray Erkin , Karagöz Cihat , Bölük Serdar , Balak Naci 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSchwannomas are typically solitary, well-encapsulated, benign tumors running along or attached to a nerve. An intradural-extramedullary cervical spinal schwannoma, which first manifests as a swelling in the anterior neck, has not been reported to the best of our knowledge. We present the case of a 69-year-old patient complaining of a gradually worsening painful left cervical swelling for over 8 years. First, a posterior spinal midline approach was performed for the resection of the tumor and the tumor portion in the vertebral canal was totally removed. The second operation, the anterolateral approach, was planned to be executed in a second surgical session. The patient was discharged from the hospital without neurological deficits. Histopathological diagnosis was a schwannoma. The first aim of surgery is to treat neurological deficits in patients with cervical intraspinal schwannomas with/without extension into the extra-vertebral paravertebral neck regions. The surgical strategy combines the posterior midline and the anterolateral cervical approaches in the same session or at different times.