bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the attitudes of Bavarian farmers towards pain in cattle and how they differ from the attitudes of bovine veterinarians
Authors: Tschoner Theresa , Sauter‐Louis Carola , Peinhofer Verena , Feist Melanie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground: Assessment of pain in cattle depends on the observer's experience and evaluation. Only a few studies compare veterinarians’ and farmers’ attitudes towards pain in cattle.Methods: A questionnaire was sent to 1097 cattle practitioners and 3750 farmers. Return rate was 26.2% for veterinarians and 15.4% for farmers, respectively. Respondents were asked to score the painfulness of procedures and diseases in cattle on a numerical rating scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain imaginable), to give their opinion about the use of analgesics during and after procedures, and to agree or disagree with given statements.Results: There were no significant differences between pain scores awarded by veterinarians and farmers, but significant differences in parameters both groups relied on for pain assessment. Farmers were less willing than veterinarians to use analgesia during and after procedures. There was no significant difference in the amount of money veterinarians thought farmers would spent on analgesia and farmers’ actual statements.Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that farmers and veterinarians assess pain severity similarly, but recognise pain differently and disagree in their opinion regarding the use of analgesics. The communication between both groups needs to be improved to ensure proper pain management.
Magnetic resonance imaging findings in a cat with cranial cruciate ligament rupture
Authors: Del Vecchio Omar Victor 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis case report describes the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of a 10‐year‐old cat with hind limb lameness due to cranial cruciate ligament rupture. The pre‐operative MRI findings about the absence of cranial cruciate ligament, intra‐articular mineralizations and joint effusion were confirmed during intra‐articular surgery, in which reconstruction of the cranial cruciate ligament using a string of fascia lata led to an excellent outcome for the patient. MRI could be useful for diagnosing a ruptured cranial cruciate ligament in cats. To our knowledge, this is the first reported use of MRI to diagnose cranial cruciate ligament rupture in cats, with intra‐operative confirmation of the imaging findings.
Solvothermal Synthesis and Conformation Probe of Novel Europium Complex of Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid: 1,3‐Bis(1‐carboxylatoethyl)imidazolium Bromide
Authors: Sun Huimin , Liu Mengchen , Fu Xiaofang , Xin Tingting , Wang Yibo , Wang Si , Wang Jing , Diao Yanyan , Yang Feifei , Zhang Ting 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA novel europium complex [Eu2(C9N2O4H11)3(OH)2]Br ⋅ H2O derived from 1,3‐bis (1‐carboxylatoethyl)imidazolium bromide ([H2bcei]Br, C9N2O4H11=bcei2−) was synthesized by solvothermal method. [Eu2(C9N2O4H11)3(OH)2]Br ⋅ H2O possesses 3D structure constructed by Eu−O coordination bonds. In this complex, there are two coordinated environments around Eu3+, and Eu1 and Eu2 are eight‐ and seven‐ coordinated chemical sphere, respectively. The hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions between H2O molecules, Br− ions and the 3D framework with positive charges enhance its thermostability. So above the temperature of 290 °C, the 3D framework of [Eu2(C9N2O4H11)3(OH)2]Br ⋅ H2O begins to decompose. The high‐resolution emission spectrum of the complex had been measured, which is consistent with the results of the X‐ray crystal structure analysis, and luminescence lifetime for the complex is 0.937 ms.
Going Global: The World Health Organization
Authors: Leape Lucian L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhere was the World Health Organization on patient safety? Patient safety was taking off in the USA and the UK, and there were stirrings in Canada, Australia, Denmark, Spain, and a few other European countries, but what about the rest of the world? What about developing countries? With fewer resources, their needs for attention to medical harm might well be even greater.
Defining acoustic emission-based condition monitoring indicators for monitoring piston rod seal and bearing wear in hydraulic cylinders
Authors: Shanbhag Vignesh V. , Meyer Thomas J. J. , Caspers Leo W. , Schlanbusch Rune 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFluid leakage from hydraulic cylinders is a major concern for the offshore industries as it directly affects hydraulic cylinder energy efficiency and causes environmental contamination. There have been attempts made in literature to develop robust condition monitoring techniques for hydraulic cylinders. However, most of these studies were performed to identify degradation of single components. Therefore, in this study, the aim is to monitor degradation of multiple components simultaneously in hydraulic cylinders using acoustic emissions. Experiments performed consist of three test phases and were performed using a hydraulic test rig. In the first test phase, the study is performed to identify acoustic emission features that can be used to monitor piston rod seal wear. In the second test phase, acoustic emission features are identified that can be used to understand bearing wear when unworn, semi-worn or worn piston rod seals are used in hydraulic test rig. In the third test phase, a run-to-failure test is conducted to identify acoustic emission features that can indicate fluid leakage initiation due to piston rod seal wear. The median frequency feature showed good repeatability in all the three test phases to identify piston rod seal wear, bearing wear and fluid leakage initiation during the initial stages in the hydraulic test rig. The proposed acoustic emission-based condition monitoring technique is robust and can be used for the hydraulic cylinders in the industries, as it identifies acoustic emission features based on particular frequency bands associated to specific components, making it less susceptible to noise from other components.
The two facets of gp130 signalling in liver tumorigenesis
Authors: Schmidt-Arras Dirk , Galun Eithan , Rose-John Stefan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe liver is a vital organ with multiple functions and a large regenerative capacity. Tumours of the liver are the second most frequently cause of cancer-related death and develop in chronically inflamed livers. IL-6-type cytokines are mediators of inflammation and almost all members signal via the receptor subunit gp130 and the downstream signalling molecule STAT3. We here summarize current knowledge on how gp130 signalling and STAT3 in tumour cells and cells of the tumour micro-environment drives hepatic tumorigenesis. We furthermore discuss very recent findings describing also anti-tumorigenic roles of gp130/STAT3 and important considerations for therapeutic interventions.
Zeitlich aufgelöste Modellierung des Energieverbrauchs bei der Elektrostahlproduktion
Authors: Dock Johannes , Janz Daniel , Weiss Jakob , Marschnig Aaron , Rahnama Mobarakeh Maedeh , Kienberger Thomas 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Stahlherstellung entlang der Elektrolichtbogenofenroute hat das Potenzial, einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Dekarbonisierung der Stahlindustrie zu leisten. Das Erschmelzen von Stahlschrott und direkt reduziertem Eisen im Elektrolichtbogenofen (EAF) stellt eine Alternative zur energie- und emissionsintensiven integrierten Stahlproduktion mittels Hochofen und Konverter dar. Entscheidend für die Herstellung von CO2-armen Stahl im sogenannten Elektrostahlwerk ist jedoch die Steigerung der Energieeffizienz sowie der Einsatz erneuerbarer Energie im Produktionsprozess. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Studie beschreiben wir die Entwicklung eines vollständigen, energieträgerübergreifenden, zeitlich und technologisch aufgelösten Energiesystemmodells eines Elektrostahlwerkes, welches der Bewertung von Energieeffizienzmaßnahmen sowie der Integration erneuerbarer Energie dient.
Diversity of Insects in Nature protected Areas (DINA): an interdisciplinary German research project
Authors: Lehmann Gerlind U. C. , Bakanov Nikita , Behnisch Martin , Bourlat Sarah J. , Brühl Carsten A. , Eichler Lisa , Fickel Thomas , Geiger Matthias F. , Gemeinholzer Birgit , Hörren Thomas , Köthe Sebastian , Lux Alexandra , Meinel Gotthard , Mühlethaler Roland , Poglitsch Hanna , Schäffler Livia , Schlechtriemen Ulrich , Schneider Florian D. , Schulte Ralf , Sorg Martin , Sprenger Maximilian , Swenson Stephanie J. , Terlau Wiltrud , Turck Angela , Zizka Vera M. A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInsect declines and biodiversity loss have attracted much attention in recent years, but lack of comprehensive data, conflicting interests among stakeholders and insufficient policy guidance hinder progress in preserving biodiversity. The project DINA (Diversity of Insects in Nature protected Areas) investigates insect communities in 21 nature reserves in Germany. All selected conservation sites border arable land, with agricultural practices assumed to influence insect populations. We taught citizen scientists how to manage Malaise traps for insect collection, and subsequently used a DNA metabarcoding approach for species identification. Vegetation surveys, plant metabarcoding as well as geospatial and ecotoxicological analyses will help to unravel contributing factors for the deterioration of insect communities. As a pioneering research project in this field, DINA includes a transdisciplinary dialogue involving relevant stakeholders such as local authorities, policymakers, and farmers, which aims at a shared understanding of conservation goals and action pathways. Stakeholder engagement combined with scientific results will support the development of sound policy recommendations to improve legal frameworks, landscape planning, land use, and conservation strategies. With this transdisciplinary approach, we aim to provide the background knowledge to implement policy strategies that will halt further decline of insects in German protected areas.
Ways to Knowledge-First Believe
Authors: Wimmer Simon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOn a widely suggested knowledge-first account of belief, to believe p is to $$\Phi $$
Φ
(e.g. treat p) as if one knew p. I challenge this view by arguing against various regimentations of it. I conclude by generalizing my argument to alternative knowledge-first views suggested by Williamson and Wimmer.
Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Conflict Resolution
Authors: Aydoğan Reyhan , Baarslag Tim , Gerding Enrico 
Published: May 2021

AbstractConflict resolution is essential to obtain cooperation in many scenarios such as politics and business, as well as our day to day life. The importance of conflict resolution has driven research in many fields like anthropology, social science, psychology, mathematics, biology and, more recently, in artificial intelligence. Computer science and artificial intelligence have, in turn, been inspired by theories and techniques from these disciplines, which has led to a variety of computational models and approaches, such as automated negotiation, group decision making, argumentation, preference aggregation, and human-machine interaction. To bring together the different research strands and disciplines in conflict resolution, the Workshop on Conflict Resolution in Decision Making (COREDEMA) was organized. This special issue benefited from the workshop series, and consists of significantly extended and revised selected papers from the ECAI 2016 COREDEMA workshop, as well as completely new contributions.
Fine-tuning of a generative neural network for designing multi-target compounds
Authors: Blaschke Thomas , Bajorath Jürgen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractExploring the origin of multi-target activity of small molecules and designing new multi-target compounds are highly topical issues in pharmaceutical research. We have investigated the ability of a generative neural network to create multi-target compounds. Data sets of experimentally confirmed multi-target, single-target, and consistently inactive compounds were extracted from public screening data considering positive and negative assay results. These data sets were used to fine-tune the REINVENT generative model via transfer learning to systematically recognize multi-target compounds, distinguish them from single-target or inactive compounds, and construct new multi-target compounds. During fine-tuning, the model showed a clear tendency to increasingly generate multi-target compounds and structural analogs. Our findings indicate that generative models can be adopted for de novo multi-target compound design.
Categoricity by convention
Authors: Murzi Julien , Topey Brett 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOn a widespread naturalist view, the meanings of mathematical terms are determined, and can only be determined, by the way we use mathematical language—in particular, by the basic mathematical principles we’re disposed to accept. But it’s mysterious how this can be so, since, as is well known, minimally strong first-order theories are non-categorical and so are compatible with countless non-isomorphic interpretations. As for second-order theories: though they typically enjoy categoricity results—for instance, Dedekind’s categoricity theorem for second-order and Zermelo’s quasi-categoricity theorem for second-order —these results require full second-order logic. So appealing to these results seems only to push the problem back, since the principles of second-order logic are themselves non-categorical: those principles are compatible with restricted interpretations of the second-order quantifiers on which Dedekind’s and Zermelo’s results are no longer available. In this paper, we provide a naturalist-friendly, non-revisionary solution to an analogous but seemingly more basic problem—Carnap’s Categoricity Problem for propositional and first-order logic—and show that our solution generalizes, giving us full second-order logic and thereby securing the categoricity or quasi-categoricity of second-order mathematical theories. Briefly, the first-order quantifiers have their intended interpretation, we claim, because we’re disposed to follow the quantifier rules in an open-ended way. As we show, given this open-endedness, the interpretation of the quantifiers must be permutation-invariant and so, by a theorem recently proved by Bonnay and Westerståhl, must be the standard interpretation. Analogously for the second-order case: we prove, by generalizing Bonnay and Westerståhl’s theorem, that the permutation invariance of the interpretation of the second-order quantifiers, guaranteed once again by the open-endedness of our inferential dispositions, suffices to yield full second-order logic.
Measurement invariance of the short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale and latent mean differences (SWEMWBS) in young people by current care status
Authors: Anthony Rebecca , Moore Graham , Page Nicholas , Hewitt Gillian , Murphy Simon , Melendez-Torres G. J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Studying mental wellbeing requires the use of reliable, valid, and practical assessment tools, such as the Short version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (SWEMWBS). Research on the mental wellbeing of children in care is sparse. The current study aims to: (1) examine the unidimensionality of SWEMWBS; (2) assess measurement invariance of SWEMWBS across children and young people in care compared to their peers not in care; and (3) investigate the latent factor mean differences between care status groups.

Methods
We used data from the 2017 School Health Research Network Student Health and Wellbeing (SHW) survey, completed by 103,971 students in years 7 to 11 from 193 secondary schools in Wales. The final data include a total of 2,795 participants (46% boys), which includes all children in care and a sub-sample of children not in care who completed the SWEMWBS scale fully and answered questions about their living situation.

Results
Confirmatory factor analysis supported the unidimensionality of SWEMWBS. The SWEMWBS is invariant across groups of young people in foster, residential and kinship care compared to children and young people not in care at configural, metric and scalar levels. Findings from latent mean comparisons showed that young people in care reported lower mental wellbeing than their peers, with those in residential care reporting the lowest scores.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that SWEMWBS is a valid scale for measuring differences in mental wellbeing for young people in care similar to the population.
Testing Creativity and Personality to Explore Creative Potentials in the Science Classroom
Authors: Roth Tamara , Conradty Cathérine , Bogner Franz X. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntegrating creativity into science classes may pave the way to tapping complex scientific phenomena. Although not yet conclusively defined nor assessed using standardized measures, creativity is understood to support cognitive learning in formal and informal settings. However, the successful integration of creativity in educational modules depends on many factors. As our knowledge of how to identify these factors is still limited, teachers may have difficulties effectively monitoring and fostering creativity. Consequently, a valid means to measure creativity would help teachers to identify creativity and its influencing factors within the limited scope of science lessons. In the present study, we collected data from 538 Bavarian secondary school students (M ± SD = 16.96 ± 2.99; 65.4%, female) focussing on personality and creativity measures. Comparable to previous studies, two subscales for creativity were applied: act, comprising conscious and adaptable cognitive processes, and flow, describing a creative mental state of full immersion. Since personality is understood to be linked to creativity, we used the Big Five scale with its shortened item battery to assess personality. We found that personal characteristics such as conscientiousness and flow, openness and agreeableness, and extraversion and neuroticism were significantly correlated. Anticipated gender and age differences were only evident when extreme groups were compared: age influenced act in younger male students and flow in older female students. Drawing on the literature and our results, we suggest pedagogical approaches to provide opportunities for creativity in science classrooms.
Direct Numerical Simulation of Pore-Scale Trapping Events During Capillary-Dominated Two-Phase Flow in Porous Media
Authors: Shams Mosayeb , Singh Kamaljit , Bijeljic Branko , Blunt Martin J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study focuses on direct numerical simulation of imbibition, displacement of the non-wetting phase by the wetting phase, through water-wet carbonate rocks. We simulate multiphase flow in a limestone and compare our results with high-resolution synchrotron X-ray images of displacement previously published in the literature by Singh et al. (Sci Rep 7:5192, 2017). We use the results to interpret the observed displacement events that cannot be described using conventional metrics such as pore-to-throat aspect ratio. We show that the complex geometry of porous media can dictate a curvature balance that prevents snap-off from happening in spite of favourable large aspect ratios. We also show that pinned fluid-fluid-solid contact lines can lead to snap-off of small ganglia on pore walls; we propose that this pinning is caused by sub-resolution roughness on scales of less than a micron. Our numerical results show that even in water-wet porous media, we need to allow pinned contacts in place to reproduce experimental results.
The interplay of marketing and design
Authors: Henseler Jörg , Guerreiro Manuela , de Matos Nelson 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper provides insights into the interdisciplinary intersections between marketing and design. It explores the various design intersections in the marketing fields. The collaboration between marketing and design is restricted by the paradigm boundaries, but not by the industry, researchers, and research projects. Challenges for both disciplines' future are explored, highlighting the need for a paradigm shift in marketing.
Effect of Wnt5a on drug resistance in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer
Authors: Amioka Ai , Kadoya Takayuki , Sueoka Satoshi , Kobayashi Yoshie , Sasada Shinsuke , Emi Akiko , Masumoto Norio , Ito Masaoki , Nakayama Koh , Okada Morihito 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Previously, we reported that Wnt5a-positive breast cancer can be classified as estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer; its prognosis is worse than that of Wnt5a-negative breast cancer. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the poor prognosis in Wnt5a-positive breast cancer patients.

Methods
In total, 151 consecutive ER-positive breast cancer patients who underwent resection between January 2011 and February 2014 were enrolled. DNA microarray and pathway analyses were conducted using MCF-7 cells stably expressing Wnt5a [MCF-7/Wnt5a (+)]. Based on the outcomes, cell viability/drug sensitivity assays, and mutation analysis were performed using cell cultures and breast cancer tissues. The relationship between Wnt5a and the PI3K–AKT–mTOR signaling pathway was also examined.

Results
The relapse-free survival rate in patients with Wnt5a-positive breast cancer was significantly lower than that in patients with Wnt5a-negative breast cancer (P = 0.047). DNA microarray data suggest that only the cytochrome P450 (CYP) pathway was significantly upregulated in MCF-7/Wnt5a (+) cells (P = 0.0440). Additionally, MCF-7/Wnt5a (+) cells displayed reduced sensitivity to the metabolic substrates of CYP, tamoxifen (P < 0.001), paclitaxel (P < 0.001), and cyclophosphamide (P < 0.001). Of note, PIK3CA mutations were not associated with the expression of Wnt5a in breast cancer tissue and culture cells.

Conclusions
In ER-positive breast cancer, Wnt5a upregulates the CYP metabolic pathway and suppresses tamoxifen, paclitaxel, and cyclophosphamide resistance, all of the three, standard treatment methods for ER-positive breast cancer. Wnt5a is thus potentially involved in the poor prognosis of ER-positive breast cancer independently of the PI3K–AKT–mTOR signaling pathway.
A repairable carbon nanotube web-based electro-thermal heater and damage sensor for aerospace applications
Authors: Yao X. , Hawkins S.C. , Falzon B.G. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTWe previously described an efficient, lightweight and flexible electro-thermal system, based on directly drawn carbon nanotube web (CNT web), as part of an icing protection system for carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite aircraft structures. The location of the heating elements on critical lifting surface leading edges or nacelle intake lips makes them particularly susceptible to impact damage, which may leave no visible mark. This makes it desirable to have both a mechanism for identifying the location of damage to the CNT structure (and by inference, potential damage to the underlying CFRP) and a process for restoring the CNT heater to full operation. With the CNT web acting as a sensor, impact damage is identified by an increase in electrical resistance and, particularly, by infrared imaging, which reveals a cold spot or zone depending upon the CNT web layup. Whereas a unidirectional CNT web layup exhibits a large increase in resistance and loss of a full width band of operation, a cross ply quasi-isotropic CNT web arrangement suffers only a small increase in resistance and a loss of function that is highly localised to the damaged area. A novel methodology, based on dispersed CNT in resin, is described for repairing and reconnecting the CNT structure and restoring functionality. A CNT web-based electro-thermal element was applied to the leading edge of a representative carbon-fibre composite wing section to demonstrate the flexibility of this system.