bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Heart Failure With Outcomes Among Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease: Insights From EUCLID
Authors: Samsky Marc D. , Hellkamp Anne , Hiatt William R. , Fowkes F. Gerry R. , Baumgartner Iris , Berger Jeffrey S. , Katona Brian G. , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Norgren Lars , Blomster Juuso I. , Rockhold Frank W. , DeVore Adam D. , Patel Manesh R. , Jones W. Schuyler 
Published: May 2021

Background
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) and heart failure (HF) are each independently associated with poor outcomes. Risk factors associated with new‐onset HF in patients with primary PAD are unknown. Furthermore, how the presence of HF is associated with outcomes in patients with PAD is unknown.

Methods and Results
This analysis examined risk relationships of HF on outcomes in patients with symptomatic PAD randomized to ticagrelor or clopidogrel as part of the EUCLID (Examining Use of Ticagrelor in Peripheral Arterial Disease) trial. Patients were stratified based on presence of HF at enrollment. Cox models were used to determine the association of HF with outcomes. A separate Cox model was used to identify risk factors associated with development of HF during follow‐up. Patients with PAD and HF had over twice the rate of concomitant coronary artery disease as those without HF. Patients with PAD and HF had significantly increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (hazard ratio [HR], 1.31; 95% CI, 1.13–1.51) and all‐cause mortality (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.19–1.63). In patients with PAD, the presence of HF was associated with significantly less bleeding (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.45–0.96). Characteristics associated with HF development included age ≥66 (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.18–1.40 per 5 years), diabetes mellitus (HR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.41–2.43), and weight (bidirectionally associated, ≥76 kg, HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.64–0.93; <76 kg, HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.07–1.16).

Conclusions
Patients with PAD and HF have a high rate of coronary artery disease with a high risk for major adverse cardiovascular events and death. These data support the possible need for aggressive treatment of (recurrent) atherosclerotic disease in PAD, especially patients with HF.
Evaluating Reddit as a Crowdsourcing Platform for Psychology Research Projects
Authors: Luong Raymond , Lomanowska Anna M. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Online crowdsourcing platforms, such as Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), have become popular alternatives to the ubiquitous student samples used in psychology research. r/SampleSize, an alternative pool on the website Reddit, allows for online participant recruitment without compulsory or immediate payment, making it potentially useful for students, research trainees, and course instructors. Objective: The current study sought to assess the viability of using r/SampleSize as a participant pool by comparing its data characteristics to MTurk and existing lab samples. Method: Two hundred and fifty-six MTurk workers and 277 r/SampleSize participants completed identical questionnaires on demographics, participation motivations, and standard psychology scales. Results: Participants recruited through r/SampleSize reported diverse ages, education levels, income, and employment, although White ethnic background and US residence were predominant. r/SampleSize participants were more internally motivated than MTurk to participate in research and had greater need for cognition but did not differ significantly in altruism or motivation to gain self-knowledge. r/SampleSize data reliability and quality were comparable to MTurk and lab samples across most analyses. Teaching Implications: r/SampleSize can be used to recruit relatively large and diverse samples for undergraduate research projects with minimal setup, labor, and cost. Conclusion: The findings suggest that r/SampleSize is a diverse and viable participant pool.
Dual-task walking and automaticity after Stroke: Insights from a secondary analysis and imaging sub-study of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Collett Johnny , Fleming Melanie K , Meester Daan , Al-Yahya Emad , Wade Derick T , Dennis Andrea , Salvan Piergiorgio , Meaney Andrew , Cockburn Janet , Dawes Joanna , Johansen-Berg Heidi , Dawes Helen 
Published: May 2021

Objective: To test the extent to which initial walking speed influences dual-task performance after walking intervention, hypothesising that slow walking speed affects automatic gait control, limiting executive resource availability. Design: A secondary analysis of a trial of dual-task (DT) and single-task (ST) walking interventions comparing those with good (walking speed ⩾0.8 m s−1, n = 21) and limited (walking speed <0.79 m s−1, n = 24) capacity at baseline. Setting: Community. Subjects: Adults six-months post stroke with walking impairment. Interventions: Twenty sessions of 30 minutes treadmill walking over 10 weeks with (DT) or without (ST) cognitive distraction. Good and limited groups were formed regardless of intervention received. Main measures: A two-minute walk with (DT) and without (ST) a cognitive distraction assessed walking. fNIRS measured prefrontal cortex activation during treadmill walking with (DT) and without (ST) Stroop and planning tasks and an fMRI sub-study used ankle-dorsiflexion to simulate walking. Results: ST walking improved in both groups (∆baseline: Good = 8.9 ± 13.4 m, limited = 5.3±8.9 m, Group × time =  P < 0.151) but only the good walkers improved DT walking (∆baseline: Good = 10.4 ± 13.9 m, limited = 1.3 ± 7.7 m, Group × time =  P < 0.025). fNIRS indicated increased ispilesional prefrontal cortex activation during DT walking following intervention ( P = 0.021). fMRI revealed greater DT cost activation for limited walkers, and increased resting state connectivity of contralesional M1 with cortical areas associated with conscious gait control at baseline. After the intervention, resting state connectivity between ipsilesional M1 and bilateral superior parietal lobe, involved in integrating sensory and motor signals, increased in the good walkers compared with limited walkers. Conclusion: In individual who walk slowly it may be difficult to improve dual-task walking ability. Registration: ISRCTN50586966
“Only intelligent attendants need apply”: the history of Western Australia’s first asylum at Fremantle (1865–1909)
Authors: Maude Phil 
Published: May 2021

Objective: To examine the history of Fremantle, Western Australia’s first purpose-built asylum. Method: A range of primary sources were consulted. Results: Fremantle was opened in 1865 to house inmates away from the populace and for the most part under the care of Dr HC Barnett. Attendants as well as inmates were occupied with work roles that kept the asylum functioning cost effectively. Conclusion: Within 15 years, the structure was neglected and overcrowded. Changes to the Penal Servitude Act limiting convict transportation, petty crime and a need to manage its proliferation resulted in large numbers of people being incarcerated at Fremantle.
The Journey of the Purple Butterfly: A Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: O’Brien Gufarotti Jessica , Krakowski Anna 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Dying in the hospital is not always a good experience for patients and their families. To be more in line with evidence-based practices for healthcare workers to effectively support high quality end of life care, the project team implemented a standardized communication tool to alert interdisciplinary team members of patients on comfort care measures. Methods: Purple Butterfly was a quality improvement project that was implemented at a diverse community hospital in the urban setting. Clinical and non-clinical interdisciplinary team members participated in a pre- and post- implementation survey to assess the need for a standardized communication tool that would alert them of patients who transitioned to comfort care. Results: Pre-implementation, 37% of survey respondents (n = 60) reported they were always aware of the presence of a patient on comfort care measures prior to entering the room. After implementation of a standardized communication tool, 100% (n = 43) of respondents at 9 months, reported that they were always aware of the presence of a patient on comfort care measures prior to entering the room. Additionally, 9 months post-intervention 100% of respondents reported that knowing this contextual information supported them in performing their job duties in a compassionate, patient-centered fashion. Conclusion: Implementation of a standardized communication tool increased awareness for team members, about the presence of patients on comfort care measures prior to entering the room and supported team members to perform their job duties in a compassionate, patient-centered fashion supportive of this patient population.
Assisting People With Their Living, Not Their Dying: Health Professionals’ Perspectives of Palliative Care and Opioids in ILD
Authors: Russo Lauren , Willis Karen , Smallwood Natasha 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a debilitating and life-limiting condition, requiring multi-disciplinary care. While guidelines recommend early specialist palliative care referral to improve symptoms and quality of life, few patients access such care towards the end-of-life. This study aimed to explore clinicians’ perspectives regarding specialist palliative care and opioids to understand barriers to optimal care and guide clinical practice improvement initiatives. Methods: A cross-sectional, exploratory, qualitative study was undertaken with Australian respiratory clinicians caring for people with ILD (n = 17). In-depth, semi-structured interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and coded. Thematic analysis was undertaken to extrapolate recurring ideas from the data. Results: Four themes were identified: 1) understanding how to improve patient care and support, 2) the need to dispel stigmatized beliefs and misconceptions, 3) the importance of trusted relationships and good communication and 4) the challenges of navigating the health-care system. Participants discussed the need to implement early specialist palliative care and symptom palliation to alleviate symptoms, provide emotional support and augment quality of life. Participants described challenges accessing palliative care and opioids due to stigmatized beliefs amongst patients and clinicians and difficulties navigating the health-care system. Trusted therapeutic relationships with patients and strong inter-disciplinary partnerships with collaborative education and communication were perceived to improve patients’ access to symptom palliation. Conclusion: Specialist palliative care and opioids were believed to improve patients’ quality of life, however, many barriers can make accessing such care challenging. To address these issues, multi-disciplinary collaboration, high-quality communication and trusted therapeutic relationships are crucial throughout the ILD illness journey.
Identification of Relevant Sociocognitive Determinants Explaining Multiple Parental Sun Protection Behaviors
Authors: Thoonen Karlijn , van Osch Liesbeth , Crutzen Rik , de Vries Hein , Schneider Francine 
Published: May 2021

Background Adequate sun safety during childhood is crucial for decreasing skin cancer risk in later life. Although parents are an essential target group in applying sun protection measures for their children, insight into the determinants associated with their sun protection behaviors is limited. Aims This study aims to identify the most relevant determinants in predicting multiple parental sun protection intentions and behaviors in different sun exposure situations. Method A longitudinal survey study with two measurements was conducted among Dutch parents ( N = 670) of children (4–12 years old). Twenty-seven sociocognitive determinants were examined in terms of relevance regarding four parental sun protection behaviors in different sun exposure situations. The Confidence Interval-Based Estimation of Relevance approach was used to visualize room for improvement (sample means) on all determinants and their association strengths (correlations) with sun protection intentions and behaviors. Results Behavior-specific rather than generic determinants were most relevant in explaining all sun protection behaviors. Of these determinants, attitude, self-efficacy and action planning, and especially parental feelings of difficulty in performing sun protection behaviors, were most relevant. Altogether, the explained variance of all sociocognitive determinants was highest for shade-seeking behavior ( R2 = .41 and .43) and lowest for supportive behavior ( R2 = .19 and .29) in both planned and incidental sun exposure situations, respectively. Discussion This study provides detailed insight into relevant sociocognitive determinants of parental sun protection behaviors in various sun exposure situations and directions for composing parental skin cancer prevention interventions. Conclusions Future composition of sun safety interventions should emphasize on enhancing parental feelings of self-efficacy, especially for shade-seeking and clothing behaviors.
Outcomes after surgical removal of anterior epi-capsular plaque associated with persistent pupillary membranes in children
Authors: Serafino Massimiliano , Trivedi Rupal H , Wilson Marion Edward , Ramappa Muralidhar , Achanta Divya Sree Ramya , Nucci Paolo 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Anteriorepi-capsular plaque (ACP) is usually eccentric and is associated with persistent iris strands arising from the collarette. Outcomes of lens preserving ACP peeling along with removal of persistent pupillary membrane (PPM) strands have seldom been reported with only a few cases within some case series appearing in the literature. Herein we aim to report outcome after surgical removal of ACP associated with PPM in children. Methods: Research was done in three different Institutes. Charts were reviewed for all children who had undergone ACP removal surgery from 2010. Age at surgery, gender, preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), preoperative refraction, morphologic details of ACP, intraoperative complications, ophthalmic viscosurgical device use, age at last follow-up, postoperative complications, and postoperative BCVA were reviewed. Results: A total of 16 patients, 10 male and 6 female, were included in study. Age at surgery ranged from 2 to 86 months old. Age at last follow up visit ranged from 2 to 14 years old. Postoperative complications were not observed in any of the 16 patients. Specifically, in all patients the crystalline lens remained clear at the last follow up visit. Conclusions: Congenital ACP of the lens associated with PPM and clear lens can be safely surgically removed with a very low risk of iatrogenic cataract in the early period after surgery.
Ocular findings in two Chinese children with Loeys-Dietz syndrome
Authors: Wang Wenting , Man Hui , Zhang Jie , Yu Penglin , Li Shuchan , Xu Xinyan , Li Nan 
Published: May 2021

Background: Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a type of connective tissue disease with systemic symptoms similar to Marfan syndrome. Ocular findings are rarely reported especially fundus and extraocular muscles. Case presentation: A 6-month old boy with systemic skeletal development delay was found peripheral non-perfusion and neovascularization in the both eyes, and gaven intravitreal injection of ranibizumab and laser. Fundus examination revealed a mild straightening of the temporal vessel in the both eyes. A 22-month old girl with confirmed connective tissue disorder presented to our hospital for strabismus and showed congenital hypoplasia of extraocular muscles. She also had arteriovenous anastomosis in the retinal. The diagnosis of LDS was supported by the genetic DNA examination. Conclusion: His is the first report of LDS with congenital hypoplasia of extraocular muscles, meanwhile, ocular examination especially fundus should be paid attention to.
Computed tomography assessment of maxillary bone density for orthodontic mini-implant placement with respect to vertical growth patterns
Authors: Arvind TR Prasanna , Jain Ravindra Kumar 
Published: May 2021

Objective: To quantitatively measure and report bone density of maxilla in the interradicular (alveolar and basal bone) and infrazygomatic crest (IZC) region in various growth patterns among Dravidian individuals. Design: This was a retrospective spiral computed tomography (CT) study. Setting: The study was conducted at the Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Tamil Nadu, India. Methods: Sixty CT scans (24 men, 36 women; mean age = 25.3 years and 23.8 years, respectively) divided equally into three groups based on vertical facial proportions were included. Bone density measurements in Hounsfield units (HU) were performed using Philips and RadiAnt DICOM viewers. Buccal cortical, palatal cortical and cancellous bone regions were analysed in a Philips DICOM viewer and IZC region was analysed in a RadiAnt DICOM viewer. Statistical analysis with one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey HSD test was done. Results: The hypodivergent group had a significantly higher bone density at the buccal cortex in posterior region ( P < 0.05) when compared to the normodivergent and hyperdivergent groups. Buccal basal bone was denser than buccal alveolar bone ( P < 0.05) in all three groups. In the IZC region, hypodivergent groups had significantly higher density values when compared to the normodivergent and hyperdivergent groups ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: The present study concluded that cancellous bone density in the interradicular regions was greatest in the anterior sites and was not influenced by growth pattern. Hypodivergent groups tend to have higher density in the posterior regions (buccal and palatal cortical bone) and at the IZC region compared to normodivergent and hyperdivergent groups.
Risk of chronic kidney disease in patients with retained ureteral stents
Authors: Yamashiro Justine R , Cole Travis J , de Riese Cornelia S , Shaw Chip , de Riese Werner T 
Published: May 2021

Objective: Numerous publications describe the management of stent encrustations, but few address long-term risks. The purpose of this study is to analyze the incidence of new chronic kidney disease attributed to retained ureteral stents in a large multi-institutional patient population. Materials and methods: A retrospective chart review of stone disease patients with ureteral stent placement was done in the nation-wide Cerner Health Facts database between 10 July 2009 and 7 June 2018. The estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated using serum creatinine and the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation. The study focused on patients with stent duration longer than 6 months and an estimated glomerular filtration rate above 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 before stent placement. Results: A total of 1234 stent placements were documented in the Cerner database, 108 patients had a normal estimated glomerular filtration rate prior to the retained stent. The median duration of retained stents was 12.1 months (range 6.1 to 77.7 months), and 33 (30.6%) patients developed new onset chronic kidney disease compared to 8.3% in patients with non-retained stents. Conclusion: A new onset of chronic kidney disease was observed in 30.6% of patients with retained ureteral stent, emphasizing the importance of patient counseling and preventive measures to ensure patient compliance and follow-up. Level of evidence: Not applicable in this multi-institutional cohort study.
Diabetes mellitus remission in three cats with hypersomatotropism after cabergoline treatment
Authors: Miceli Diego D , Vidal Patricia N , Pompili Gustavo A , Castillo Víctor A , Soler Arias Elber A , Niessen Stijn JM 
Published: May 2021

Case summary Three diabetic cats presented with polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia and poor glycemic control. Cat 1 displayed prognathia inferior and had a body condition score (BCS) of 4/5; cat 2 had a BCS of 5/5; and cat 3 had broad facial features. Serum insulin-like growth factor 1 concentrations were compatible with hypersomatotropism in cat 1 and cat 2 (>1500 ng/ml and 1200 ng/ml, respectively) and just below the cut-off of 1000 ng/ml (947 ng/ml) in cat 3; in this last cat diagnosis was further supported by the presence of pituitary enlargement on MRI. Oral cabergoline (10 μg/kg q48h) was initiated. Insulin requirements progressively reduced, as evidenced by daily blood glucose monitoring and weekly blood glucose curves. Diabetic remission occurred in all three cats between the second and third months of cabergoline treatment. At the time of writing, remission has persisted thus far (cat 1: 23 months; cat 2: 14 months; cat 3: 38 months). Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, these are the first reported cases of diabetic remission in cats with hypersomatotropism after cabergoline treatment, despite previous reports of this being an ineffective treatment. Further work is indicated to determine why some cats do, and others do not, respond to this treatment.
The road to more sustainable firms in the face of a pandemic: Changes needed in employment relationships
Authors: Lopez-Cabrales Alvaro , DeNisi Angelo 
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way we operate at work. Dealing with these changes may require new ways of thinking about our models of employment relationships, to create more sustainable organizations during troubled times. Sustainability can be understood as an attempt to strike a balance between the economic, social and environmental goals of companies—a balance that could drive a global recovery from the pandemic crisis. This essay focuses on the employer’s perspective and considers how firms can use different employment models to improve sustainability during the crisis. We propose two alternative employment models which we label “Oversustainability” and “Mutual Sustainability” that depend on the choice of the firm’s competitive strategy (proactive/innovative vs analyzer/following). We considered the contributions expected from employees and the inducements they were offered under each model. We believe these employment models can be advantageous for companies seeking to adopt proactive and analyzer-type sustainability strategies. JEL CLASSIFICATION M1
Teaching Professionalism: Comparing Written and Video Case-Studies
Authors: Wong Christina , Purdy Lisa 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: Professionalism is a difficult concept to teach to healthcare professionals. Case-studies in written and video format have demonstrated to be effective teaching tools to improve a student’s knowledge, but little is known about their impact on student behaviour. The purpose of this research study was to investigate and compare the impact of the 2 teaching tools on a student’s behaviour during a simulation. Method: A 3-stage mixed method study was conducted with senior Medical Laboratory Science (MLS) undergraduate students. All students were randomly divided into a Written Group or Video Group to attend a mandatory professionalism workshop focused on bullying and gossip. Twenty-six students completed the voluntary assignment and 21 students participated in the voluntary group simulations. Thematic analysis was performed on the assignments and simulation. Frequencies of themes were calculated. A Group Simulation Assessment Rubric was used to score simulations and calculate an adjusted group performance average (AGPA). Results: The assignment demonstrates that students from both groups obtained a theoretical understanding of how to resolve gossip and bullying. From the Written Group and Video Group, 70%/18% of students discouraged/resolved gossiping and 80%/63% prevented bullying. The mean AGPA for the Written Group and Video Group was 5.4 and 4.9 respectively ( t(5) = 1.5, P = .2). Discussion: Students can successfully apply knowledge they have gained in written and video case-studies focused on the professionalism topics of bullying and gossip to a hypothetical situation. However, a discrepancy in their actions was found during the simulations. The data from the study suggests that written and video case-studies do not have different impacts on a student’s behaviour.