bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metsätalouden määräaikainen ympäristötuki: mitä tapahtuu sopimusten päätyttyä?
Authors: Hänninen Harri , Hamunen Katri , Viitala Esa-Jussi , Kurttila Mikko 
Published: December 2021

Määräaikaisia kymmenen vuoden metsätalouden ympäristötukisopimuksia on tehty vuodesta 2004. Metsäluonnon monimuotoisuuden turvaamiskeinojen vaikuttavuutta ja kehitystyötä ajatellen on tärkeää tietää, kuinka suuri osuus erääntyneistä sopimuksista on jäänyt uusimatta sekä mistä syystä ja mitä sopimusalueilla on sen jälkeen tapahtunut. Ajanjaksolla 2004–2014, osin sen jälkeenkin, ympäristötuen myöntämisen ehdot sekä valtion määrärahat ovat muuttuneet. Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin uusimattomien ympäristötukisopimusten määrää, metsänomistajien näkemystä siihen, miksei sopimusta ole uusittu, metsänomistajien tyytyväisyyttä ratkaisuun, uusimattomien sopimuskohteiden luonnetta sekä niillä tehtyjä ja suunniteltuja toimenpiteitä. Tutkimus perustuu Suomen metsäkeskuksen tietojärjestelmän aineistoihin sekä sähköposti- ja puhelinkyselyyn metsän­omistajille, joiden sopimus oli tehty vuosina 2004–2008 ja jota ei ollut uusittu helmikuuhun 2020 mennessä. Kyselyyn vastasi 421 metsänomistajaa (vastausprosentti 47). Rekisteritulosten mukaan 46 prosenttia erääntyneistä sopimuksista ja 30 prosenttia niiden pinta-alasta oli jäänyt uusimatta. Kyselytulosten mukaan suurin osa uusimatta jääneiden sopimusten kohteista oli pienvesiä ja niiden lähiympäristöjä (42 %), vähäpuustoisia ja niukkaravinteisia soita (28 %), kallioita, kivikoita tai louhikoita (24 %) tai lehtoja ja reheviä lehtolaikkuja (17 %). Metsänomistajien mukaan keskeisin syy (46 %) sopimusten uusimattomuudelle oli, ettei kohde enää täyttänyt ympäristötuen muuttuneita ehtoja ja kriteereitä. Reilu kolmannes koki, että sopi­muksen uusiminen oli jäänyt jostakin syystä hoitamatta. Viidesosa metsänomistajista ei halunnut uutta sopimusta. Tyytymättömimpiä olivat sopimuksen tilasta epätietoisiksi jääneet ja ne, jotka joutuvat jatkossa rajaamaan aiemmin tukea saaneen kohteen käsittelyjen ulkopuolelle korvauksetta. Noin kuudelle prosentille ilman sopimusta jääneistä ympäristötukialueista oli tehty hakkuita 2,5–6,5 vuotta sopimuksen päättymisen jälkeen, ja metsänomistajista joka viides suunnitteli näille kohteille hakkuita kymmenen seuraavan vuoden aikana. Jatkossa on tärkeää suunnata resursseja metsänomistajille suunnatun viestinnän selkeyteen ja toimintaohjeisiin sopimusten päättyessä.
La coherencia de la doctrina trinitaria desde la noción de función de Gottlob Frege
Authors: Vide-Rodríguez Vicente 
Published: December 2021

En este artículo se pretende mostrar la coherencia de los enunciados sobre el Dios uno y trino en la teología analítica, a partir de su formulación en el llamado credo atanasiano. Se ofrece un panorama crítico sobre la discusión acerca de la inteligibilidad del misterio de la Trinidad en la teología filosófica analítica reciente, así como las diversas soluciones en algunos de sus más destacados representantes: la del trinitarianismo social (William Hasker), la del trinitarianismo latino (Brian Leftow) y la identidad relativa aplicada a la teoría trinitaria (Peter van Inwagen). Para superar las dificultades que tienen estas posiciones, derivadas, sobre todo, de su problemática noción de persona, se presenta una contribución a esta discusión con un novedoso análisis de la Trinidad, basado en la noción de función de Gottlob Frege. Con este análisis se explica por qué no hay contradicción entre los enunciados trinitarios, y así se justifica la consistencia y, en consecuencia, la coherencia de la doctrina trinitaria.
Abstract: This article aims to show the coherence of the statements about the one and triune God in analytic theology, starting from their formulation in the so-called Athanasian Creed. It offers a critical overview of the discussion about the intelligibility of the mystery of the Trinity in recent analytic philosophical theology, as well as the various solutions in some of its most prominent representatives: the social trinitarianism (William Hasker), the Latin trinitarianism (Brian Leftow) and the relative identity applied to trinitarian theory (Peter van Inwagen). In order to overcome the difficulties with these positions, derived, above all, from their problematic notion of personhood, a contribution to this discussion is presented with a novel analysis of the Trinity, based on Gottlob Frege's notion of function. This analysis explains why there is no contradiction between trinitarian statements, and thus justifies the consistency and, consequently, the coherence of trinitarian doctrine.
O custo-aluno, calculado por escola, revela condições de desigualdade ou de diferença?
Authors: Ferraz Jokasta Pires Vieira 
Published: December 2021

O problema de pesquisa que norteia este estudo é: o custo por aluno, calculado individualmente para cada escola de ensino fundamental, pertencentes a mesma rede municipal de ensino, revela condições de financiamento desiguais ou diferentes? Para desenvolver este estudo, os conceitos de desigualdade e diferença foram problematizados a partir de Therborn (2010, 2015, 2016), Sen (2010, 2017), Dubet (2004, 2008) e Marta Arretche (2015, 2018). A pesquisa foi realizada com dados de 185 escolas, da rede municipal de Curitiba dos anos de 2017 e 2016. As variáveis financeiras são: banco de dados contendo a folha de pagamento desagregada por escola, recursos destinados a alimentação escolar, faturas de água, energia elétrica e telefone, recursos utilizados para o transporte escolar, valores destinados para cada escola pelo Fundo Rotativo Municipal e pelo Programa Dinheiro Direto na Escola. Os dados financeiros foram organizados por escola e foi efetuado um cálculo dividindo o custo total de cada uma pelo número de estudantes matriculados, e disso resultou o custo por aluno-ano de cada escola. O custo-aluno foi analisado em conjunto com algumas variáveis de contexto. Os resultados são: custo-aluno-ano médio de R$ 8.145,20; o menor custo-aluno foi R$ 4.556,06 e o maior foi R$ 34.462,81.
Pembuatan Karbon Aktif dari Limbah Plastik PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) Menggunakan Aktivator KOH
Authors: Oko Syarifuddin , Mustafa Mustafa , Kurniawan Andri , Norfitria Lintang 
Published: December 2021

Pengunaan plastik setiap hari mengakibatkan terjadinya penumpukan sampah plastik yang dapat mencemari lingkungan dan menjadi salah satu masalah serius yang harus ditangani karena plastik tidak dapat terdegradasi. Plastik merupakan senyawa yang unsur penyusun utamanya adalah karbon dan hidrogen. Sehingga limbah plastik berpotensi sebagai pembuatan karbon aktif dan akan membuat limbah plastik menjadi lebih bermanfaat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi aktivator dan waktu aktivasi terhadap proses aktivasi fisika kimia sehingga menghasilkan produk karbon aktif yang sesuai dengan SNI 06-3730-1995. Plastik PET terlebih dahulu dikarbonasi pada temperatur 480oC selama 2 jam menggunakan furnace hingga membentuk arang. Lalu, direndam dalam aseton selama 24 jam. Setelah itu disaring dan dikeringkan menggunakan oven pada temperatur 110oC selama 3 jam dan dilanjutkan dengan proses aktivasi fisika pada temperatur 750oC selama 2 jam. Karbon yang telah teraktivasi fisika selanjutnya diaktivasi secara kimia dengan menggunakan KOH konsentrasi 1 M, 2 M, 3 M, dan 4M dengan variasi waktu 2 jam dan 4 jam. Diperoleh hasil terbaik yaitu pada karbon aktif dengan konsentrasi KOH 4 M dan waktu aktivasi 2 jam dengan nilai daya serap iod sebesar 980,17 mg/g, kadar abu 0,28%, kadar air 7,55%, dan kadar volatile matter 3,47%. Karbon aktif yang diperoleh telah memenuhi SNI 06-3730-1995.The use of plastic every day results in the accumulation of plastic waste that can pollute the environment and was a serious problem that must be addressed because plastic cannot be degraded. Plastic was a compound whose main constituent elements were carbon and hydrogen. So that plastic waste has the potential to produce activated carbon and will make plastic waste more useful. This study aims to determine the effect of activator concentration and activation time on the physical-chemical activation process so as to produce activated carbon products in accordance with SNI 06-3730-1995. PET plastik was first carbonated at a temperature of 480oC for 2 hours using a furnace to form charcoal. Then, soaked in acetone for 24 hours. After that it was filtered and dried using an oven at a temperature of 110oC for 3 hours and continued with the physical activation process at a temperature of 750oC for 2 hours. The physically activated carbon was then chemically activated using KOH concentrations of 1 M, 2 M, 3 M, and 4 M with time variations of 2 hours and 4 hours. The best results were obtained on activated carbon with a concentration of KOH 4 M and an activation time of 2 hours with an iodine absorption value of 980.17 mg/g, 0.28% ash content, 7.55% water content, and volatile matter levels 3,47%. Activated carbon obtained has complied with SNI 06-3730-1995.
Welebit i perypatetyczny transgatunek – od Petara Zoranicia do Edo Popovicia
Authors: Marjanić Suzana 
Published: December 2021

W artykule pasmo górskie Welebit interpretowane jest jako przestrzeń literatury perypatetycznej. Autorka na początku skupia się na powieści pasterskiej Petara Zoranicia Planine (napisanej w 1536 roku, wydanej w 1569), w której autor oprócz osobistych opisów o konwencjonalnej miłosnej „bolączce” problematyzuje też ogólną sytuację o „rozproszonym dziedzictwie” (niebezpieczeństwo ze strony Turków i Wenecjan). W odróżnieniu od wyimaginowanej podróży Zoranicia, wykoncypowanej jako alegoryczna podróż poznawcza na welebickich szlakach, Edo Popović w transgatunkowym utworze Priručnik za hodače (2009) – swoimi wędrówkami zen po Welebicie oraz z życiową zasadą „dobrowolnego ubóstwa” – w ślad za matrycą ekologiczną zaproponowaną przez Henry’ego Davida Thoreau, 440 lat po powieści Zoranicia (by wprowadzić nieco symboliki) ujawnia socjogramy nie tylko „rozproszonego dziedzictwa”, ale także globalnego porządku świata. Trylogię relacji z podróży, literaturę górską Edo Popovicia można określić jako literaturę perypatetyczną o Welebicie, ze wskazaniem, że jest to opis podróży, literatura górska o zaangażowanym stosunku do rzeczywistości.
A clinical reasoning curriculum for medical students: an interim analysis
Authors: Connor Denise M. , Narayana Sirisha , Dhaliwal Gurpreet 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Diagnostic error is a critical patient safety issue that can be addressed in part through teaching clinical reasoning. Medical schools with clinical reasoning curricula tend to emphasize general reasoning concepts (e.g., differential diagnosis generation). Few published curricula go beyond teaching the steps in the diagnostic process to address how students should structure their knowledge to optimize diagnostic performance in future clinical encounters or to discuss elements outside of individual cognition that are essential to diagnosis.

Methods
In 2016, the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine launched a clinical reasoning curriculum that simultaneously emphasizes reasoning concepts and intentional knowledge construction; the roles of patients, families, interprofessional colleagues; and communication in diagnosis. The curriculum features a longitudinal thread beginning in first year, with an immersive three week diagnostic reasoning (DR) course in the second year. Students evaluated the DR course. Additionally, we conducted an audit of the multiyear clinical reasoning curriculum using the Society to Improve Diagnosis in Medicine-Macy Foundation interprofessional diagnostic education competencies.

Results
Students rated DR highly (range 4.13–4.18/5 between 2018 and 2020) and reported high self-efficacy with applying clinical reasoning concepts and communicating reasoning to supervisors. A course audit demonstrated a disproportionate emphasis on individual (cognitive) competencies with inadequate attention to systems and team factors in diagnosis.

Conclusions
Our clinical reasoning curriculum led to high student self-efficacy. However, we stressed cognitive aspects of reasoning with limited instruction on teams and systems. Diagnosis education should expand beyond the cognitive- and physician-centric focus of most published reasoning courses.
A review of genetic classification and characteristics of soil cracks
Authors: Yan Jiaping , Chen Xiaoyang , Cai Yi , Cheng Fangkui , Fan Tingyu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Soil cracks are one of the most important physical properties of soil. The formation of soil cracks is a result of interactions between the inner and external conditions of soil. Specifically, the inner conditions include physical and chemical properties of soil, and the external conditions refer to natural and anthropogenic factors. Previous studies of soil cracks mainly focus on the soil properties and the natural environment (NE), such as soil cracks produced by biotic and abiotic processes. Very few studies have focused on the soil environmental changes induced by other external conditions, such as geological processes and anthropogenic activity. To systematically illustrate the soil fissure, according to the characteristics of soil cracks, and considering the properties of soil preferential flow path, the geneses and the characteristics of soil cracks have been comprehensively analyzed and summarized in this study. Two major types of soil cracks have been proposed: one is the cracks caused by NE and the other is the cracks caused by anthropogenic activity. Additionally, based on the specific differences of these geneses, these two types of soil cracks have been further divided into six subtypes and fourteen sub-subtypes, respectively. In this article, a genetic classification method of soil cracks is systematically proposed, which provides a new approach for the related research of soil cracks.
Crystal structure of 3-allyl-4-(2-bromoethyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-phenylfuran, C22H21BrO2
Authors: Yu Haiyan , Li Jihong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
C21H21BrO2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 22.175(2) Å, b = 5.8375(6) Å, c = 14.8729(14) Å, β = 100.936(1)°, V = 1890.3(3) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0343, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0839, T = 296(2) K.
The Handmaid’s Tale: Reproductive Labour and the Social Embeddedness of Markets
Authors: Pötzsch Janelle 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In episode 6 of the first season of The Handmaid’s Tale (2017–, MGM Television), the Republic of Gilead welcomes a trade delegation of the United Mexican States. Offred’s hope that the ensuing trade agreement between Gilead and Mexico would eventually bring the sexual exploitation she and the other handmaids suffer to public are quickly dashed. During a chance encounter at the house of Offred’s master, the Mexican ambassador Mrs Castillo confides in Offred that Mexico is suffering a fertility crisis just like Gilead. Her country is seriously considering trading with Gilead in handmaids (season 1, episode 6, “A Woman’s Place”). My article will use this episode as a starting point to reflect on the correlation between women’s social and economic status. I will illustrate how The Handmaid’s Tale demonstrates that markets are socially embedded and thereby reproduce and amplify social and political inequalities. This series thereby also functions as a powerful validation of the asymmetry thesis concerning markets in reproductive labour.
Approximate fixed points and fixed points for multi-valued almost E-contractions
Authors: Hoc Nguyen Huu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce the concept of multi-valued almost E-contractions. We then present some approximate fixed point and fixed point results for such mappings in metric spaces. Our results generalize and improve several well-known results in literature. We also provide several illustrative examples to compare our findings with some earlier results. An application to homotopy theory is given.
Immunomorphological condition of placentas in women with repeated pregnancy losses under action of different antigens
Authors: Zubgitskya L. B. , Kosheleva N. G. , Arganova O. N. , Bespalova T. P. , Gromiko G. L. , Shapovalova Е. А. , Tishkevich О. V. 
Published: December 2021

The aim of the research was to investigate the pathomorphological changes in placentas of women with recurrent pregnancy losses under action of different injuring stimulus (infection, hormonal, biochemical reactions on membrans of syncytiotrophoblast and endothelium of placental vessels, actions of antiphospholipid antibodies). Identical changes was detected which connected with immune complexes (IC) formation. IC with different composition generate immunopathological processes in placental tissues. Present of antiphospholipid antibodies on placental membranes enhancing immunopathological processes, leading to dystrophic and necrotic lesions in surrounding tissues and to placental insufficiency. The outcome of this lesions is incompetent pregnancy.
Therefore IC may be the marker of placental injury and insufficiency as well as a biologic indicator of failure in reproductive system.
The treatment of threatened abortion is improve pregnancy outcomes and immunomorphological evidence.
The use of the drug "duphaston"in women with a history of miscarriage to prepare for pregnancy and treat the threat of termination of pregnancy
Authors: Pluzhnikova T. A. 
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study was to evaluat`e the use of the drug duphaston: 1) to prepare for an upcoming pregnancy in women with hyperandrogenism and insufficiency of the luteal phase of the cycle; 2) to treat the threat of termination of pregnancy in women with a history of miscarriage.
The use of duphaston in women suffering from miscarriage has confirmed its high efficiency both in preparation for pregnancy in patients with hyperandrogenism and insufficiency of the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, and in the treatment of threatened abortion. In 93.5% of women with a history of 100% fetal loss, it was possible to bring the pregnancy to delivery.
Perkembangan Islam pada Masa Kerajaan Demak
Authors: Afidah Nur 
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kejayaan Kerajaan Demak dan perkembangan pendidikan Islam pada masa Kerajaan Demak. Dalam artikel ini bersifat kualitatif-normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan historis. Pendekatan historis adalah metode pendekatan dengan cara penelaahan sumber-sumber yang berisi informasi tentang masa lampau, membahas secara mendalam tentang seluk-beluk hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan sejarah peradaban Islam pada masa Kerajaan Demak. Dalam penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa perkembangan Islam di Nusantara terutama pada masa awal pembentukannya sebagai kekuatan sosial dan budaya, berlangsung dan sejalan dengan dinamika politik internal di wilayah tersebut, kerajaan atau juga disebut dengan kesultanan dalam perkembangannya berfungsi tidak hanya sebagai pusat politik dan ekonomi, tetapi juga sekaligus sebagai basis bagi berlangsungnya proses islamisasi. Munculnya kerajaan-kerajaan Islam di Nusantara membuka keyakinan bagi terintegrasinya nilai-nilai Islam ke dalam sistem sosial dan politik Nusantara. Kerajaan-kerajaan itu merupakan dari para penguasa, para pedagang dan pengembara muslim berperan sebagai pelaku ekonomi sekaligus juru dakwah yang memperkenakan Islam kepada masyarakat lokal.
ANALYSIS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AT UKRAINIAN ENERGY ENTERPRISES IN THE CONTEXT OF UN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
Authors: Borshch V. , Zhmai O. 
Published: December 2021

The article examines the leading enterprises of the energy sector of Ukraine, their mission, purpose and specifics. A comparative analysis of the activities of the leading enterprises of the energy sector of Ukraine in 2019 in the field of corporate social responsibility. The implemented measures are compared with the goals of sustainable development of the UN.
The importance of leading companies in the energy sector for the formation and development of corporate social responsibility practices is noted. The relationship of actions taken by the organization with its intangible assets (business reputation, image, brand) is considered. The importance of interaction with stakeholders for the development of the company is noted. According to the results of the comparison, the most important goals of sustainable development for the leaders of the Ukrainian energy industry have been identified.
Emphasis is placed on the leading role of corporate social responsibility of big business for the development of both the individual organization and the energy sector as a whole.
Migración y redes sociales: discursos sobre la ayuda social hacia los migrantes venezolanos en contexto de pandemia por los usuarios peruanos en Twitter
Authors: Yalta Gonzales Edgar Mauro , Robles Muñoz Mirella Alexandra 
Published: December 2021

La pandemia por la COVID-19 ha desnudado y agudizado los problemas económicos, sanitarios, políticos y sociales que existen en el Perú. Entre ellos, la migración venezolana y su condición de vulnerabilidad durante la pandemia no ha sido la excepción. Por esta razón, se generó un debate, tanto entre la población como en los medios, respecto a los migrantes venezolanos y si estos también deberían recibir apoyo social por parte del Estado. En el presente artículo, planteamos como objetivos analizar los discursos que generaron en sus tuits los usuarios peruanos de la red social Twitter respecto al debate sobre la ayuda social hacia los migrantes venezolanos, e identificar las estrategias y recursos que utilizaron los usuarios para elaborar estos discursos. Para ello, seleccionamos una encuesta en línea propuesta por la cuenta en Twitter del canal de noticias ATV+ Noticias y, para elaborar el corpus, recogimos los tuits más representativos de la sección de comentarios. Los resultados indican que los usuarios peruanos evidencian una marcada posición polarizada con una mayor tendencia a comentar negativamente sobre los migrantes.
REINTERPRETASI MAKNA KATA AL-QOWIYYUL AMIIN DALAM AL-QUR’AN SURAH AL-QASHASH AYAT 26
Authors: Quran Jurnal Semiotika , . MAULANA 
Published: December 2021

Reinterpretasi Makna Kata Al-Qowiyyul Amiin dalam Al-Qur’an Surah Al-Qashash Ayat 26 terdapat perbedaan pandangan dari para ulama tafsir, dan ini dapat terlihat dari penafsiran para ahli tafsir pada periode klasik, dan ahli tafsir periode modern. Untuk mendapat hasil yang sempurna penulis melihat bagaimana penafsiran ulama di zaman Klasik dan Modern. Maka rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana penafsiran ulama tafsir klasik dan modern dan bagaimana reinterpretasi kata al-Qawiyyul Amiin dalam surah al-Qashash ayat 26. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan dengan menggunakan metode tahlili, maka data yang telah terkumpul melalui studi kepustakaan dilakukan dengan langkah-langkah metode tafsir tahlili.
Kesimpulan penelitian ini terlihat bahwa terjadi perbedaan penafsiran ulama klasik dan modern terhadap kata al-Qowiyyul Amiin. Ulama klasik menafsirkan kata ini secara tekstual dengan kekuatan (fisik) dan kepercayaan. Sedangkan ulama modern, sebagian menafsirkan seperti penafsiran ulama klasik dan sebagian mufassir mengembangkan. Karena, lebih melihat bagaimana konteks masyarakat saat ini sehingga penafsiran yang dihasilkan berbeda. Perbedaan penafsiran ini dinilai wajar karena paradigma masyarakat terhadap rekrutmen tenaga kerja yang ideal. Zaman modern, paradigma masyarakat tidak lagi memposisikan kekuatan fisik sebagai syarat utama akan tetapi juga kekuatan intelektual serta integritas pribadi yang menuntut adanya sifat amanah. Karena paradigma, tatanan sosial, dan metode tafsir yang semakin berkembang, penafsiran terhadap kata al-Qowiyyul Amiin pun berkembang, maka wajar para ulama ahli tafsir melakukan reinterpretasi terhadap kata al-Qowiyyul Amiin. Interpretasi ahli tafsir moder ini dapat diterapkan pada tenaga kerja yang memiliki kemampuan dan skill yang diketahui oleh orang lain sehingga dapat direkomendasikan.