bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards gender equity in artificial intelligence and machine learning applications in dermatology
Authors: Lee Michelle S , Guo Lisa N , Nambudiri Vinod E 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
There has been increased excitement around the use of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) in dermatology for the diagnosis of skin cancers and assessment of other dermatologic conditions. As these technologies continue to expand, it is essential to ensure they do not create or widen sex- and gender-based disparities in care. While desirable bias may result from the explicit inclusion of sex or gender in diagnostic criteria of diseases with gender-based differences, undesirable biases can result from usage of datasets with an underrepresentation of certain groups. We believe that sex and gender differences should be taken into consideration in ML/AI algorithms in dermatology because there are important differences in the epidemiology and clinical presentation of dermatologic conditions including skin cancers, sex-specific cancers, and autoimmune conditions. We present recommendations for ensuring sex and gender equity in the development of ML/AI tools in dermatology to increase desirable bias and avoid undesirable bias.
Evolutionary and Ecological Drivers Shape the Emergence and Extinction of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Lineages
Authors: Di Nardo Antonello , Ferretti Luca , Wadsworth Jemma , Mioulet Valerie , Gelman Boris , Karniely Sharon , Scherbakov Alexey , Ziay Ghulam , Özyörük Fuat , Parlak Ünal , Tuncer-Göktuna Pelin , Hassanzadeh Reza , Khalaj Mehdi , Dastoor Seyed Mohsen , Abdollahi Darab , Khan Ehtisham-ul-Haq , Afzal Muhammad , Hussain Manzoor , Knowles Nick J , King Donald P 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Livestock farming across the world is constantly threatened by the evolutionary turnover of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) strains in endemic systems, the underlying dynamics of which remain to be elucidated. Here, we map the eco-evolutionary landscape of cocirculating FMDV lineages within an important endemic virus pool encompassing Western, Central, and parts of Southern Asia, reconstructing the evolutionary history and spatial dynamics over the last 20 years that shape the current epidemiological situation. We demonstrate that new FMDV variants periodically emerge from Southern Asia, precipitating waves of virus incursions that systematically travel in a westerly direction. We evidence how metapopulation dynamics drive the emergence and extinction of spatially structured virus populations, and how transmission in different host species regulates the evolutionary space of virus serotypes. Our work provides the first integrative framework that defines coevolutionary signatures of FMDV in regional contexts to help understand the complex interplay between virus phenotypes, host characteristics, and key epidemiological determinants of transmission that drive FMDV evolution in endemic settings.
Acetylation of the CspA family protein CspC controls the type III secretion system through translational regulation ofexsAinPseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Li Shouyi , Weng Yuding , Li Xiaoxiao , Yue Zhuo , Chai Zhouyi , Zhang Xinxin , Gong Xuetao , Pan Xiaolei , Jin Yongxin , Bai Fang , Cheng Zhihui , Wu Weihui 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe ability to fine tune global gene expression in response to host environment is critical for the virulence of pathogenic bacteria. The host temperature is exploited by the bacteria as a cue for triggering virulence gene expression. However, little is known about the mechanism employed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa to response to host body temperature. CspA family proteins are RNA chaperones that modulate gene expression. Here we explored the functions of P. aeruginosa CspA family proteins and found that CspC (PA0456) controls the bacterial virulence. Combining transcriptomic analyses, RNA-immunoprecipitation and high-throughput sequencing (RIP-Seq), we demonstrated that CspC represses the type III secretion system (T3SS) by binding to the 5′ untranslated region of the mRNA of exsA, which encodes the T3SS master regulatory protein. We further demonstrated that acetylation at K41 of the CspC reduces its affinity to nucleic acids. Shifting the culture temperature from 25°C to 37°C or infection of mouse lung increased the CspC acetylation, which derepressed the expression of the T3SS genes, resulting in elevated virulence. Overall, our results identified the regulatory targets of CspC and revealed a regulatory mechanism of the T3SS in response to temperature shift and host in vivo environment.
Architecture and evolution of subtelomeres in the unicellular green algaChlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Chaux-Jukic Frédéric , O’Donnell Samuel , Craig Rory J , Eberhard Stephan , Vallon Olivier , Xu Zhou 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn most eukaryotes, subtelomeres are dynamic genomic regions populated by multi-copy sequences of different origins, which can promote segmental duplications and chromosomal rearrangements. However, their repetitive nature has complicated the efforts to sequence them, analyse their structure and infer how they evolved. Here, we use recent genome assemblies of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii based on long-read sequencing to comprehensively describe the subtelomere architecture of the 17 chromosomes of this model unicellular green alga. We identify three main repeated elements present at subtelomeres, which we call Sultan, Subtile and Suber, alongside three chromosome extremities with ribosomal DNA as the only identified component of their subtelomeres. The most common architecture, present in 27 out of 34 subtelomeres, is a heterochromatic array of Sultan elements adjacent to the telomere, followed by a transcribed Spacer sequence, a G-rich microsatellite and transposable elements. Sequence similarity analyses suggest that Sultan elements underwent segmental duplications within each subtelomere and rearranged between subtelomeres at a much lower frequency. Analysis of other green algae reveals species-specific repeated elements that are shared across subtelomeres, with an overall organization similar to C. reinhardtii. This work uncovers the complexity and evolution of subtelomere architecture in green algae.
Less is more: wiring-economical modular networks support self-sustained firing-economical neural avalanches for efficient processing
Authors: Liang Junhao , Wang Sheng-Jun , Zhou Changsong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The brain network is notably cost-efficient, while the fundamental physical and dynamic mechanisms underlying its economical optimization in network structure and activity have not been determined. In this study, we investigate the intricate cost-efficient interplay between structure and dynamics in biologically plausible spatial modular neuronal network models. We observe that critical avalanche states from excitation-inhibition balance under modular network topology with less wiring cost can also achieve lower costs in firing but with strongly enhanced response sensitivity to stimuli. We derive mean-field equations that govern the macroscopic network dynamics through a novel approximate theory. The mechanism of low firing cost and stronger response in the form of critical avalanches is explained as a proximity to a Hopf bifurcation of the modules when increasing their connection density. Our work reveals the generic mechanism underlying the cost-efficient modular organization and critical dynamics widely observed in neural systems, providing insights into brain-inspired efficient computational designs.
Sacroplasty Augmentation of Instrumented Pelvic Reconstruction After High Sacrectomy: A Technical Case Report
Authors: Sacino Amanda N , Pairojboriboon Sutipat , Suk Ian , Lubelski Daniel , Yang Robin , Sciubba Daniel M , Lo Sheng-fu Larry 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE
En bloc resection of sacral tumors is the most effective treatment to help prevent recurrence. Sacrectomy, however, can be destabilizing, depending on the extent of resection. Various surgical techniques for improving stability and enabling early ambulation have been proposed.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION
Here, we report a case in which we use PMMA (poly[methyl methacrylate]) to augment pelvic instrumentation to improve mechanical stability after sacrectomy for en bloc resection of a solitary fibrous tumor.

CONCLUSION
We highlight the use of sacroplasty augmentation of pelvic ring reconstruction to provide biomechanical stability without the need for fusion of any mobile spine segments, which allowed for early patient ambulation and no appreciable loss of range of motion or mobility.
Radiofrequency Ablation for Movement Disorders: Risk Factors for Intracerebral Hemorrhage, a Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Horisawa Shiro , Fukui Atsushi , Nonaka Taku , Kawamata Takakazu , Taira Takaomi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
One of the greatest concerns associated with radiofrequency ablation is intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, the majority of previous studies have mainly evaluated Parkinson disease patients with ablation of the globus pallidus internus (GPi).

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the hemorrhagic risk associated with radiofrequency ablation using ventro-oral (Vo) nucleus, ventral intermediate (Vim) nucleus, GPi, and pallidothalamic tract.

METHODS
Radiofrequency ablations for movement disorders from 2012 to 2019 at our institution were retrospectively analyzed. Multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate associations between potential risk factors and ICH.

RESULTS
A total of 558 patients underwent 721 stereotactic radiofrequency ablations for movement disorders. Among 558 patients, 356 had dystonia, 111 had essential tremor, and 51 had Parkinson disease. Among 721 procedures, the stereotactic targets used in this study were as follows: Vo: 230; Vim: 199; GPi: 172; pallidothalamic tract: 102; Vim/Vo: 18. ICH occurred in 37 patients (5.1%, 33 with dystonia and 4 with essential tremor). Symptomatic ICH developed in 3 Vo nuclei (1.3%), 3 Vim nuclei (1.5%), and 2 GPi (1.2%). Hypertension (odds ratio = 2.69, P = .0013), higher number of lesions (odds ratio = 1.23, P = .0221), and younger age (odds ratio = 1.04, P = .0055) were significant risk factors for ICH associated with radiofrequency ablation.

CONCLUSION
The present study revealed that younger age, higher number of lesions, and history of hypertension were independent risk factors for ICH associated with stereotactic radiofrequency ablation.
Computational methods in social neuroscience: recent advances, new tools and future directions
Authors: Parkinson Carolyn 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Recent years have seen a surge of exciting developments in the computational tools available to social neuroscientists. This paper highlights and synthesizes recent advances that have been enabled by the application of such tools, as well as methodological innovations likely to be of interest and utility to social neuroscientists, but that have been concentrated in other sub-fields. Papers in this special issue are emphasized—many of which contain instructive materials (e.g. tutorials and code) for researchers new to the highlighted methods. These include approaches for modeling social decisions, characterizing multivariate neural response patterns at varying spatial scales, using decoded neurofeedback to draw causal links between specific neural response patterns and psychological and behavioral phenomena, examining time-varying patterns of connectivity between brain regions, and characterizing the social networks in which social thought and behavior unfold in everyday life. By combining computational methods for characterizing participants’ rich social environments—at the levels of stimuli, paradigms and the webs of social relationships that surround people—with those for capturing the psychological processes that undergird social behavior and the wealth of information contained in neuroimaging datasets, social neuroscientists can gain new insights into how people create, understand and navigate their complex social worlds.
Potential Electron Transfer Protein Complexes During the Initiation of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Degradation Investigated by Small‐Angle X‐ray Scattering
Authors: Colbert Christopher , Jensen Jaime , LeVahn Benjamin , Staskywicz Zachery , Glover Karen , Neau David , Chakravarthy Srinivas , Sinha Sangita 
Published: June 2021

The first step in the oxidative degradation of the persistent environmental pollutants polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by the aerobic microbe Pandoraea pnomenusa B‐356 is the stereo‐ and regio‐selective insertion of both atoms from molecular oxygen into the aromatic substrate to form a cis‐dihydrodiol. This reaction is catalyzed by biphenyl 2,3‐dioxygenase (BPDO), Rieske Oxygenase containing a Rieske 2Fe‐2S cluster and a catalytic mononuclear Fe2+ atom. Electrons, required to activate molecular oxygen during hydroxylation of the aromatic substrate, are transferred to BPDO from NADH via a short electron transfer chain consisting of a FAD‐dependent ferredoxin reductase (BphG) and a 2Fe‐2S cluster containing Rieske‐type ferredoxin (BphF). To understand the solution characteristics of the potential electron transfer complexes, we performed size exclusion chromatography coupled with small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SEC‐SAXS) to determine the molecular envelopes of BphG in complex with BphF, as well as BphF in complex with BPDO. These envelopes are compared to the current crystallographic model of BphA3:BphA4 from Acidovorax sp. strain KKS102 and our predicted model for BphF:BPDO. These observations provide insights into the protein‐protein associations for intermolecular electron transfer during the initiation of PCB biodegradation.Support or Funding InformationFunded by NSF ND EPSCoR DDA #FAR0025216 to JLJ; NIH NINDS 1R03 NS090939 and NSF MCB‐1413525 to SCS; NIH NIGMS 1R15 GM113227, NIH NCRR 2P20 RR015566, and NIH NIGMS P30 GM103332 to CLC.
Hyaluronan signals release and nuclear accumulation of WWOX and Smad from membrane Hyal‐2
Authors: Chang Nan‐Shan 
Published: June 2021

A prerequisite condition prior to metastasis is the dramatic production of transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β), hyaluronan and hyaluronidases by cancer cells. Here it is determined that knockdown of tumor suppressor WWOX (also known as WOX1 or FOR) significantly upregulates the expression of hyaluronidases Hyal‐1 and Hyal‐2 and enhances the metastatic potential cancer cells in vivo. In contrast, overexpressed WWOX suppresses the expression of Hyal‐1 and Hyal‐2 and cell migration in vivo. Hyaluronan binds membrane Hyal‐2, followed by recruiting WWOX and Smad4, and then the Hyal‐2/WWOX/Smad4 complex relocating to the nuclei. Overly activated SMAD responsive element causes apoptosis. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)‐targeting WWOX abolished overexpressed Smad4‐mediated apoptosis. Notably, stimulating membrane Hyal‐2 with a specific antibody or modified hyaluronan induces anticancer response in vivo. Together, hyaluronan invokes a novel signal pathway that causes activation of WWOX and Smad4 from membrane Hyal‐2, and this may invoke an innate mechanism in blocking cancer growth.Support or Funding InformationAHA, DoD and MOST, Taiwan
Feasibility of an Online Nutrition Education eLearning Program from the Perspectives of Peer Nutrition Educators and Low‐Income Individuals in Georgia
Authors: Stotz Sarah , Lee Jung Sun , Rong Hui 
Published: June 2021

The intent of this project was to examine peer nutrition educators and low‐income Georgians’ perceptions of an innovative nutrition education eLearning program titled Food eTalk. Four focus groups were conducted in a convenience sample (n=14, age 49.6 ± 9.7 years, 93% female, 50% black) of peer educators and low‐income Georgians. The focus group interviews were guided by the constructivist theory and the semi‐structured interview guide focused on three themes: accessibility, content, and literacy. To facilitate discussion, a prototype of the online nutrition education eLearning program, titled Food eTalk was shown during each focus group. The Food eTalk prototype included two lessons, each with didactic nutrition education information and interactive activities/learning games. Focus group interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded using Atlas.ti software and the constant comparative method. Neither peer educators nor low‐income participants indicated access to the Internet as a barrier, as mobile‐based access was considered ubiquitous among the target audience. Comfort navigating the Internet was a common concern specifically for individuals over 30 years old. Desired content included: cooking videos, recipes, and basic food preparation. Low‐income participants mentioned food safety in terms of animal‐based food products as an area for desired education whereas peer educators focused on the need for education to include food budgeting and meal planning. Peer educators and low‐income participants suggested that a government mandate for SNAP beneficiaries to complete Food eTalk would be the best motivation and incentive to use the program. Peer educators and low‐income Georgians perceived Food eTalk would be a well‐ accepted and feasible form of nutrition education for the target audience. Findings from this study will inform the user‐centered development of Food eTalk.Support or Funding InformationThis study was funded by USDA SNAP‐Ed
Cross‐Validation of Recent and Longstanding Resting Metabolic Rate Prediction Equations
Authors: Flack Kyle D , Siders William A , Johnson LuAnn , Roemmich James N 
Published: June 2021

Resting metabolic rate (RMR) measurement is time consuming and requires specialized equipment. Prediction equations provide an easy method to estimate RMR; however, their accuracy likely varies across individuals. Understanding the factors that influence predicted RMR accuracy at the individual level will help to revise existing or develop new equations that are more accurate. The objective of the present study was to test the validity of established (Harris‐Benedict, WHO, Mifflin‐St. Jeor) and contemporary (3 meta equations of Sabounchi and colleagues, 1 equation of Nelson and colleagues, 1 by Wang and colleagues) RMR prediction equations in healthy adults.DesignPredicted RMR was tested for agreement with indirect calorimetry. Men and women (n=30) age 18–65y from Grand Forks, ND were recruited and included for analysis during Spring/Summer 2014. Participants were nonobese to obese, primarly Caucasian and a representive sample of a healthy, free‐living population. The main outcome measure was bias between measured (indirect calorimetry) and predicted RMR. The methods of Bland and Altman were employed to determine mean bias (predicted minus measured RMR, kcal/day) and limits of agreement between predicted and measured RMR. Repeated measures ANOVA was utilized to test for differences in RMR predicted from each equation versus the measured RMR. Mean bias was lowest for the Harris‐Benedict (4 ± (2 SD) 386 kcal/24 hrs) and WHO (25 ± 402 kcal/24 hrs) equations and these mean predicted RMR did not differ from measured. Mean RMR predictions from all other equations significantly differed from indirect calorimetry. The 2 SD limits of agreement were moderate or large for all equations tested ranging from 282 to 445 kcal/24 hrs. Prediction bias was positively associated with the magnitude of RMR and with FFM. In conclusion, the traditional Harris‐Benedict and WHO equations were the most accurate. However, even these equations did not perform well at the individual level. As FFM increased, the prediction equations further underestimated RMR.Support or Funding InformationSupport: USDA‐ARS 3062‐51000‐051‐00D
Apo‐10′‐Lycopenoic acid Inhibits Cancer Cell Migration and Angiogenesis by Suppressing Lamellipodia Formation
Authors: Miao Benchun , Fu Xueyan , Wang Xiang‐Dong 
Published: June 2021

Epidemiologic studies have shown that an increase in the dietary intake of tomato and tomato‐based products or higher blood levels of lycopene, is associated with a reduced risk of cancer. Apolycopenoids can be produced by either lycopene cleavage through carotenoid cleavage enzymes, such as beta‐carotene 9′,10′‐oxygenase or the consumption of tomato and tomato products, such as tomato juice. We have previously shown that apo‐10′‐lycopenoic acid, a relative stable derivative of apo‐10′‐lycopenoids, could inhibit tumorigenesis in both lung cancer and liver cancer animal models. To further elucidate the potential mechanisms for the chemopreventive effect of apo‐10′‐lycopenoic acid against cancer development, we examined the ability of apo‐10′‐lycopenoic acid on migration of cancer cells (A549 and HuH7 cells) and endothelial cells (HMEC‐1) using cell migration assays, and angiogenesis using endothelial tube formation and aortic ring assays. We demonstrated that apo‐10′‐lycopenoic acid, in dose‐dependent manner, is effective at inhibiting migration and invasion of both cancer and endothelial cells by suppressing actin remodeling and ruffling/lamellipodia formation. In addition, apo‐10‐lycopenoic acid treatment results in suppression of angiogenesis in both tube formation and aortic ring assays. Apo‐10‐lycopenoic acid also inhibits matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) expression and activation in A549 cells. Overall, these data demonstrate that apo‐10′‐lycopenoic acid can inhibit cancer cell motility and angiogenesis which could be one of the potential mechanisms for the chemopreventive effect of apo‐10′‐lycopenoic acid against tumorigenesis.Support or Funding InformationSupported by USDA/ARS (58‐1950‐0014)