bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Bioactive Potential of Culturable Fungal Endophytes Isolated From the Leaf of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don
Authors: Singh Sucheta , Verma Surjeet , Yadav Dharmendra K. , Kumar Anant , Tyagi Rekha , Gupta Priyanka , Bawankule Dnyaneshwar U. , Darokar Mahendra P. , Srivastava Santosh K. , Kalra Alok 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
Endophyte is considered a source of natural bioactive secondary metabolites
that provides an array of bioactive lead compounds. The present study was aimed to determine
the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory potential of fungal endophytes isolated from Catharanthus
roseus.

Methods:
A total of seven fungal endophytes crude extract were screened against bacterial pathogens.
Of these, Curvularia geniculata CATDLF7 crude extract exhibited the most potent inhibitory
activity against bacterial pathogens. Hence, CATDLF7 crude extract was subjected to chromatographic
separation. This purification leads to the isolation of six pure compounds (1PS - 6PS). Of
these, 3PS was found to be a major constituent and most effective against clinical isolates of methicillin-
resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values
ranging from 100 to 200 μg/ml. Based on the spectroscopic data, 3PS was characterized as α,β-
dehydrocurvularin. This compound also showed synergistic interaction with norfloxacin and reduced
its MIC up to 32-folds with a fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of 0.09.

Results:
To understand the possible antibacterial mechanism of action, α,β-dehydrocurvularin
alone (100 μg/ml) exhibited efflux pump inhibitory potential by 0.84 fold decreasing in ethidium
bromide (EtBr) fluorescence. In addition, α,β-dehydrocurvularin inhibited inflammatory cytokines
TNF-α and IL-6 production, which is further validated by molecular docking scores -4.921 and
-5.641, respectively, for understanding orientation and binding affinity.

Conclusion:
Overall, the results highlighted identifying bioactive compound α,β-dehydrocurvularin,
which could be used as an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent.
Synthesis, Biophysical Characterization, and Anti-HIV-1 Fusion Activity of DNA Quadruplex-based Inhibitors with Dipeptide MT Hook Conjugation
Authors: Xu Liang , Han Zeye , Ren Hongqian 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection is the reason for
the epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The development of HIV-1 fusion
inhibitors has gained increasing attention as they were found to be effective in the early stage of
HIV-1. DNA G-quadruplex-based inhibitors have been found to interact with HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein,
showing anti–HIV-1 fusion activity. C-peptide-derived molecules with Met-Thr terminal
also showed potent anti-fusion activity; the Met-Thr dipeptide adopted a hook-like structure
(termed MT hook) in the hydrophobic pocket to “anchor” inhibitors to the N-terminal heptad repeat
(NHR) of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp41.

Objective:
Our work was to conjugate MT hooks to the 5'-terminal ends of DNA quadruplex-based inhibitor and demonstrate its biophysical characterization and anti–HIV-1 fusion activity.

Methods:
A 6-aminohexanol phosphonamidite was utilized in solid synthesis for the conjunction
of oligodeoxynucleotide and MT dipeptide. Hydrophobic groups were introduced by a nucleoside
analogue from the base site. Circular dichroism spectrum and native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
were used to confirm the helix formation. A cell-cell fusion assay was carried out to
test the anti-fusion activity.

Results:
The conjugate G1 showed improved anti-cell-cell fusion activity than quadruplex without
MT hook. The MT hook did not affect the oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) G-quadruplex assembly. It
was also proved that G1 could effectively interfere with endogenous 6-helical bundle (6HB) formation
between the N-terminal heptad repeat N36 (NHR) and the C-terminal heptad repeat C34
(CHR) during virus fusion course.

Conclusion:
In this work, a conjugate of DNA-oligopeptide was successfully synthesized. The conjugation
of MT hook did improve the anti-fusion activity of DNA G-quadruplex-based inhibitors.
Our results can provide information regarding structure-activity relationships of DNA helix-based
inhibitors and a reference for the follow-up experimental studies.
Prevalence and Predictors of Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use Among Elderly Patients Using Updated Beers Criteria 2019: A Single Centered Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Chinthalapudi Syam Sundar , Cheeti Srilakshmi , Bajpai Aditi , Deepika S. , Thunga Girish , Rashid Muhammed , Acharya Raviraja V. , Nair Sreedharan 
Published: April 2021

Background:Inappropriate medication use poses a sizable health safety hazard in the elderly owing to aging-associated physiological and anatomic changes. Inappropriate drug prescribing and polypharmacy in this population elevate the risk of adverse drug reactions (ADR). The study aimed at assessing the prevalence and predictors of Potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in elderly patients according to updated Beers Criteria 2019.Method:Medical records of 402 patients aged ≥65 years admitted to a tertiary care hospital from June 2018 to May 2019 were analyzed. The patients who received at least one PIM based on the 2019 Updated Beers Criteria were considered as test cases and others as control. Data were presented as descriptive statistics, and logistic regression was performed to assess the factors affecting the outcomes.Result:The mean age was found to be 73.7 ±6.4 years in the test and 70.5±5.5 years in the control group. The prevalence of PIMs to be used with caution was found to be 54%. Whereas the prevalence of PIMs to be avoided and to be used with reduced dose was found to be 45% and 1%, respectively. The most prescribed PIMs were aspirin, diuretics, long-acting sulfonylureas, and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Increasing age, polypharmacy, and the number of drugs in medication history were significantly (p<0.05) correlated with a substantial risk of PIM use. The risk of developing serious and moderate drug-drug interactions (DDIs) was significantly high in the test group (p<0.05) when compared to the control group.Conclusion:A high prevalence of PIMs was observed in this study. Age, polypharmacy, and ≥ 3 drugs in medication history were identified as risk factors for PIM use, and at a higher risk of developing DDIs. Continuous medication reviews by clinical pharmacists can aid in reducing the occurrence of PIMs amongst geriatrics.
Research Progress of Bionic Water Strider Robot
Authors: Jiang Jingang , Tan Qiyun , Yu Xiaoyang , Wu Dianhao , Yao Liang 
Published: April 2021

Background:
The bionic water strider robot can achieve sliding, jumping, and other movements
on the water surface, having advantages of small size, light weight, flexible movements, and other
characteristics. It can detect the quality of water, investigate and search the water surface, and perform
some other operations. It has a very broad range of applications and development prospects.
Therefore, the trend of biomimetic water strider robots is attracting more and more attention.

Objective:
This study aimed to review the bionic water strider robot and introduce its classification,
characteristics, and development.

Methods:
This paper reviews various productions and patents related to the bionic water strider robot
from 2003 to the present. The sources of the papers include CNKI, Wanfang, Patent publication announcement
in China, Web of Science, IEEE, Elsevier, Springer-Verlag, Espacenet, and FPO IP Research
& Communities. To obtain the results, an endnote was used for documentation, and citeSapce
was used for visual analysis.

Results:
The mechanical structure of existing bionic water strider robots has been analyzed and compared.
Furthermore, the typical characteristics are concluded. The main problems in its development are
analyzed, and the development trend is foreseen. Furthermore, the current and future research prospects
of the productions and patents on the bionic water strider robot are discussed.

Conclusion:
The optimization and development of the structure of the bionic water strider robot and the
development of associated components help to improve the simulation of the water strider's motion and
perform a better task in a complex water surface environment. In the future, with the improvement in the
research, the bionic water strider robot will develop into miniaturization, intelligence, and integration.
Effectiveness of Guided Inquiry-Based on Blended Learning in Improving Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: Saekawati Rita , Nasrudin Harun 
Published: April 2021

This research aims to examine the effectiveness guided inquiry learning model based on blended learning on reaction rate material to improve students' critical thinking skills. The design in this research is the One Group Pretest and Posttest Design. The subjects in this research were students of SMAN 1 Kalitidu Bojonegoro in class XI IPA 1. The method used to collect data was the test, observation, and student response questionnaires. Data analysis used the percentage, mean, N-Gain, and Paired sample t-test. The results showed that the guided inquiry learning model based on blended learning was carried out well with an average percentage of the implementation of phase 1 was 98%, phase 2 was 93.76%, phase 3 was 100%, phase 4 was 93.75%, phase 5 was 100%. The average score of the N-gain critical thinking skills is 0.73 with the high category. There is a significant difference in the results of critical thinking skills between before and after being given a guided inquiry learning model based on blended learning. The results showed the guided inquiry learning model based on blended learning effectively improving students' critical thinking skills. Efektivitas Inkuiri Terbimbing Berbasis Blended Learning dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir KritisPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji keefektifan model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing berbasis blended learning pada materi laju reaksi dalam meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik. Design pada penelitian ini adalah One Group Pretest and Posttest Design. Sasaran dalam penelitian ini yaitu peserta didik XI IPA 1 SMA Negeri 1 Kalitidu Bojonegoro. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan berupa tes, observasi dan angket respon. Analisis data menggunakan teknik persentase, mean, n-gain, dan uji Paired Sample T-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing berbasis blended learning terlaksana dengan baik dengan rata-rata persentase keterlaksanaan fase 1 sebesar 98%, fase 2 sebesar 93,76%, fase 3 sebesar 100%, fase 4 sebesar 93,75%, fase 5 sebesar 100%. Nilai rata-rata N-gain kemampuan berpikir kritis adalah sebesar 0,73 dengan kategori tinggi. Terdapat perbedaan hasil keterampilan berpikir kritis yang signifikan antara sebelum dan sesudah diberikan model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing berbasis blended learning. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing berbasis blended learning efektif untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik.
A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Trigger System for Suppressing Motor-Evoked Potential Fluctuation Using Electroencephalogram Coherence Analysis: Algorithm Development and Validation Study
Authors: Sasaki Keisuke , Fujishige Yuki , Kikuchi Yutaka , Odagaki Masato 
Published: April 2021

Background
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), when applied over the primary motor cortex, elicits a motor-evoked potential (MEP) in electromyograms measured from peripheral muscles. MEP amplitude has often been observed to fluctuate trial to trial, even with a constant stimulus. Many factors cause MEP fluctuations in TMS. One of the primary factors is the weak stationarity and instability of cortical activity in the brain, from which we assumed MEP fluctuations originate. We hypothesized that MEP fluctuations are suppressed when TMS is delivered to the primary motor cortex at a time when several electroencephalogram (EEG) channels measured on the scalp are highly similar in the frequency domain.

Objective
We developed a TMS triggering system to suppress MEP fluctuations using EEG coherence analysis, which was performed to detect the EEG signal similarity between the 2 channels in the frequency domain.

Methods
Seven healthy adults participated in the experiment to confirm whether the TMS trigger system works adequately, and the mean amplitude and coefficient of the MEP variation were recorded and compared with the values obtained during the control task. We also determined the experimental time under each condition and verified whether it was within the predicted time.

Results
The coefficient of variation of MEP amplitude decreased in 5 of the 7 participants, and significant differences (P=.02) were confirmed in 2 of the participants according to an F test. The coefficient of variation of the experimental time required for each stimulus after threshold modification was less than that without threshold modification, and a significant difference (P<.001) was confirmed by performing an F test.

Conclusions
We found that MEP could be suppressed using the system developed in this study and that the TMS trigger system could also stabilize the experimental time by changing the triggering threshold automatically.
Effect of Apabetalone on Cardiovascular Events in Diabetes, CKD, and Recent Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Schwartz Gregory G. , Nicholls Stephen J. , Buhr Kevin A. , Ginsberg Henry N. , Johansson Jan O. , Kulikowski Ewelina , Lebioda Kenneth , Toth Peter P. , Wong Norman , Sweeney Michael , Ray Kausik K. ,   on behalf of the BETonMACE Investigators
Published: April 2021

Background and objectives
CKD and type 2 diabetes mellitus interact to increase the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (i.e., cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or stroke) and congestive heart failure. A maladaptive epigenetic response may be a cardiovascular risk driver and amenable to modification with apabetalone, a selective modulator of the bromodomain and extraterminal domain transcription system. We examined this question in a prespecified analysis of BETonMACE, a phase 3 trial.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
BETonMACE was an event-driven, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing effects of apabetalone versus placebo on major adverse cardiovascular events and heart failure hospitalizations in 2425 participants with type 2 diabetes and a recent acute coronary syndrome, including 288 participants with CKD with eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 at baseline. The primary end point in BETonMACE was the time to the first major adverse cardiovascular event, with a secondary end point of time to hospitalization for heart failure.

Results
Median follow-up was 27 months (interquartile range, 20–32 months). In participants with CKD, apabetalone compared with placebo was associated with fewer major adverse cardiovascular events (13 events in 124 patients [11%] versus 35 events in 164 patients [21%]; hazard ratio, 0.50; 95% confidence interval, 0.26 to 0.96) and fewer heart failure–related hospitalizations (three hospitalizations in 124 patients [3%] versus 14 hospitalizations in 164 patients [9%]; hazard ratio, 0.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.26 to 0.86). In the non-CKD group, the corresponding hazard ratio values were 0.96 (95% confidence interval, 0.74 to 1.24) for major adverse cardiovascular events, and 0.76 (95% confidence interval, 0.46 to 1.27) for heart failure–related hospitalization. Interaction of CKD on treatment effect was P=0.03 for major adverse cardiovascular events, and P=0.12 for heart failure–related hospitalization. Participants with CKD showed similar numbers of adverse events, regardless of randomization to apabetalone or placebo (119 [73%] versus 88 [71%] patients), and there were fewer serious adverse events (29% versus 43%; P=0.02) in the apabetalone group.

Conclusions
Apabetalone may reduce the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with CKD and type 2 diabetes who have a high burden of cardiovascular disease.
Road development and Indigenous hunting in Tanah Papua: Connecting the facts for future wildlife conservation agendas
Authors: Pattiselanno Freddy , Krockenberger Andrew 
Published: April 2021

Road development is increasing worldwide. Generally, examples of road building in tropical countries demonstrate that road access can assist the fight against rural poverty, but such developments are also linked to deforestation, pollution, invasions of exotic species, and environmental degradation. For Papua and West Papua provinces (Tanah Papua) in Indonesia, the development of the provincial road network is intended to improve the rural economy, aiming to alleviate poverty within isolated rural areas. However, road development can pose particularly challenging problems to rural and Indigenous communities. Poorly planned roads can be devastating when they provide easy access to illegal hunting that threatens endangered species. In this study, we discuss how road development in Tanah Papua has changed indigenous hunting. Native Papuans have benefited from improved road access, which allows them to sell their agricultural products at local markets. Increased road connectivity has also changed how local people use natural resources and forest products, moving from subsistence to a more market-based orientation. Although policies on infrastructure development including roads form part of Indonesia’s national program, they are not automatically compatible with a sustainable development program in Tanah Papua. To foster more equitable and sustainable road development, government agencies must improve their overall coordination of further road expansion plans by promoting green infrastructure that supports the sustainable use of natural resources in a way that is reconciled with traditional knowledge of local people. Such efforts may also have positive effects on the efforts to protect biodiversity within the wider government conservation agendas.
Estudo comparativo das notificações da violência contra a mulher antes e durante a pandemia do COVID-19 no Planalto Norte Catarinense
Authors: Caus Eliz Cristine Maurer , Andrade Jéssica Angelita de , John Keithy Gabrielly , Wojciechowski Micheli , Munhoz Patrícia 
Published: April 2021

A violência contra a mulher é reflexo das relações de poder que estruturam a sociedade moderna, na qual as desigualdades existentes entre homens e mulheres, forçam-nas a assumir posições de subordinação. Na pandemia do Covid-19, os protocolos de saúde recomendaram o isolamento social, que repercutiu em problemas sociais e deixaram a mulher exposta à violência doméstica. Assim questionou-se: qual a relação das ocorrências da violência doméstica contra a mulher no antes e durante a pandemia no Planalto Norte Catarinense? O objetivo geral foi conhecer a relação das ocorrências da violência antes e durante a pandemia. Realizou-se um estudo documental, descritivo, quantitativo, baseado no Sistema de Notificação de Agravos oficial acessados no site da Diretoria de Vigilância Epidemiológica estadual, na qual levantou-se as notificações dos 13 municípios da 25ª Agência de Desenvolvimento Regional de março a junho de 2019 e o mesmo período de 2020. Os resultados apontam para uma redução 46,4% de casos (153 para 82), o problema atinge mais as mulheres entre 20 a 60 anos, com ensino médio, prevalece a agressão física. Destaca-se a violência autoprovocada, na qual a mulher convive com uma situação extremamente desgastante tanto física quanto psicologicamente, buscando acabar com seu sofrimento. Conclui-se houve diminuição da notificação de casos, que sugere dificuldade da vítima em buscar ajuda. Por isso há necessidade de um olhar diferenciado para o problema, com estratégias inovadoras e profissionais capacitados para o enfrentamento do problema.
Palavras Chave: Violência contra a mulher. COVID-19. Enfermagem.
Attitude control for the rigid spacecraft with the improved extended state observer
Authors: Cao Yuteng , Liu Qi , He Guiqin , Zhao Qiuling , Liu Fang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this article, a three-axis attitude manoeuvre spacecraft consisting of a central rigid body and a rotating solar array is studied. The rotating solar array is considered a disturbance to the spacecraft. In the design of the controller, the coupled terms and the rotating solar array are considered a disturbance. The improved extended state observer is proposed by combing the sliding mode observer with the originally extended state observer to estimate the disturbance. The sliding mode control method is adopted to adjust the attitude of the spacecraft. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the outstanding performance of the present observer.
The Effect of Adding Molasses in Different Times on Performance of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Raised in a Low-Salinity Biofloc System
Authors: Khanjani Mohammad Hossein , Alizadeh Morteza , Mohammadi Mohammad , Aliabad Habib Sarsangi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding molasses in different times on water quality, growth performance, body biochemical composition, digestive and hepatic enzymes of Nile tilapia in the biofloc system. Tilapia fingerlings (1.53 ± 0.14 g) were distributed in five treatments including control, BFT24 (adding molasses to the tanks every 24 h), BFT48 (48 h), BFT72 (72 h), and BFT96 (96 h) and reared for 37 days in fiberglass tanks (130 L), with a stocking density of one fish per litre. The results showed that highest increases in biomass (740.12 g) and survival (98.97%) were obtained in BFT24 treatment (P<0.05). The body composition was affected by the experimental treatments so that the highest protein content was obtained in the BFT72 (P<0.05). Digestive enzymes activities were significantly (P<0.05) higher in BFT treatments than the control group. The current study showed higher biomass and survival ratio for Nile tilapia were observed in BFT24 treatment. The liver and digestive enzymes of Nile tilapia were affected by the different addition times of molasses to the rearing tanks.