bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identify potential allelochemicals from Humulus scandens (Lour.) Merr. root extracts that induce allelopathy on Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.
Authors: Wang Lichao , Liu Yao , Zhu Xiaomin , Zhang Zhen , Huang Xueqi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough it is well-documented that invasion of invasive plants is promoted with allelopathic effects by inhibiting the growth and phenotypic performance of native plants, little is known conversely. In this study, the allelopathy effects of a native plant, Humulus scandens (Lour.) Merr., on a typical invasive species Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb., was investigated by exposing A. philoxeroides seedlings to three chemical solvent extracts (i.e., petroleum ether extract (PE), ethyl acetate extract (EE), and n-butanol extract (NE) of H. scandens root (HR). The three chemical extracts inhibited the growth, stem length, node number, leaf number, leaf area, and root number, and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content of A. philoxeroides seedlings, which indicated that the extracts inhibited the plant growth by damaging the membrane system of leaves. And the synthetical effect of allelopathy (SE) index indicated that EE had the greatest inhibition on the growth of A. philoxeroides. Fifty compounds were identified from the three extracts of HR using GC–MS analysis, among which 5 compounds (dibutyl phthalate, stigmasta-3,5-diene, 2,6-Di-tert-butylphenol campesterol, and neophytadiene) were identified from H. scandens root extracts for the first time. And n-hexadecanoic acid exists in all three extracts. The findings of the present study provide a novel method to potentially control the invasion of A. philoxeroides. However, field monitoring under natural conditions would be necessary to confirm in practice the results obtained with the bioassays.
Novel molecular transport medium used in combination with Xpert MTB/RIF ultra provides rapid detection of Mycobacterium bovis in African buffaloes
Authors: Clarke Charlene , Smith Katrin , Goldswain Samantha J. , Helm Christopher , Cooper David V. , Kerr Tanya J. , Kleynhans Léanie , van Helden Paul D. , Warren Robin M. , Miller Michele A. , Goosen Wynand J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMycobacterium bovis is the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in wildlife. Confirmation of M. bovis infection relies on mycobacterial culture, which is time-consuming. Collection and transportation of infectious material also pose a human health risk. PrimeStore Molecular Transport Medium (MTM) has been shown to effectively inactivate infectious organisms, making it a safe method for handling infectious samples. This study investigated an in-field sampling technique for rapid, safe detection of M. bovis in buffalo tissues. Potentially infected tissues from bTB test-positive buffaloes were swabbed at post-mortem examination and stored in PrimeStore MTM at ambient temperature until Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra testing was performed. Additionally, tissue samples were frozen and transported before homogenisation for culture and Ultra testing. Oral swabs were collected from M. bovis-unexposed buffaloes as a negative control cohort. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) DNA was detected by Ultra in 13/16 tissue swabs and 9/16 matched tissue homogenates from culture-confirmed M. bovis-positive buffalo tissues. MTBC DNA was not detected in swabs from M. bovis-unexposed animals, showing the potentially high specificity of Ultra with PrimeStore swabs. PrimeStore MTM sample processing, in combination with the Ultra assay, has the potential to provide a safe, rapid post-mortem screening test for M. bovis in buffaloes.
Moistube irrigation fouling due to anaerobic filtered effluent (AF) and horizontal flow constructed wetland (HFCW) effluent
Authors: Dirwai T. L. , Senzanje A. , Mabhaudhi T. , Buckley C. A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe study assessed the suitability of two effluent types, namely anaerobic filtered (AF) and horizontal flow constructed wetland (HFCW) effluent for Moistube irrigation (MTI). Secondary to this, the study determined the plugging coefficients (α) on MTI for the respective effluents. The feed water was supplied from a raised tank (3.5 m), and mass-flow rates were recorded at 15 min intervals using an electronic balance. The effluent feed water concentrations and experimental room temperature (25 °C ± 1 °C) were continuously monitored and kept constant. Hermia’s models based on the $${\text{R}}^{2}$$

R

2

coefficient was used to select the best fitting fouling mechanism model and, consequently, the plugging coefficients. In addition, microbial colony analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was carried out to assess the composition of the deposited sediment (DS) and adhered bacterial film (ABF) onto the MTI lateral. The study revealed that MTI pore blocking was a complex phenomenon described by complete pore-blocking model ($${\text{R}}^{2}$$

R

2

≥ 0.50). Discharge followed an exponential decay with early fouling observed on AF effluent because of a high concentration of total suspended solids (TSS) and dissolved organic matter (DOM). Discharge declined by 50% after 20 and 10 h of intermittent operation for AF and HFCW effluent, respectively. The α for each effluent (foulant) were $$\alpha_{AF}$$

α

AF

= 0.07 and $$\alpha_{ HFCW}$$

α

HFCW

= 0.05, respectively, for AF and HFCW. The microbial analysis revealed bacterial aggregation structures that contributed to pore blocking. SEM imaging revealed complete surface coverage by deposited sediment. It is concluded that water quality determines the operation life span of MTI, and the two effluents promote accelerated MTI pore fouling or blocking. Continuous use without flushing the MTI will promote membrane degradation and reduced discharge efficiency. Additional filtration can potentially mitigate the membrane degradation process.
RNA-Seq analysis reveals critical transcriptome changes caused by sodium butyrate in DN mouse models
Authors: Yang Hansen , Zhang Zheng , Peng Rui , Zhang Luyu , Liu Handeng , Wang Xinyi , Tian Yiting , Sun Yan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDiabetic nephropathy (DN)—a common complication of diabetes—is the primary cause of end-stage renal disease. Sodium butyrate (NaB) is a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) that is a metabolic product of intestinal bacterium, and its protective effect on the kidney has been reported in cases of DN. However, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of NaB on globe transcriptome changes in DN. In our study, 8-week-old male db/db mice suffering from DN were randomly divided into two groups: the DN+NaB group (DN mice treated with NaB, 5 g/kg/day) and the DN group (DN mice treated with saline). Further, normal db/m mice were used as the normal control (NC) group. The blood glucose, body weight, urinary microalbumin and urinary creatinine of mice were measured for all three groups. Whole-transcriptome analysis was performed by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to evaluate the profiling of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Bioinformatics analysis was performed to predict the potential NaB-related lncRNAs and genes in DN. The expressions of lncRNAs and mRNAs were tested using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCRs) in renal tissues and mesangial cells treated with NaB. The results of the present study demonstrated that NaB ameliorated renal dysfunction in DN mice. Moreover, RNA-Seq results identified that some lncRNAs and mRNAs were reversely changed in the DN+NaB group in comparison to those in the DN group. Additionally, the integrated co-expression networks of NaB-related lncRNAs revealed that these lncRNAs interacted with 155 key mRNAs. Furthermore, the co-expression network of inflammation-related lncRNAs and mRNAs demonstrated that those reversed lncRNAs and mRNAs also play essential roles in the inflammatory response. In summary, the present study suggests that NaB ameliorates diabetes-induced renal dysfunction and regulates transcriptome changes in DN.
A new m6A methylation-related gene signature for prognostic value in patient with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder
Authors: Zheng Bin , Wang Jianwei , Zhao Guiting , Chen Xiaoxu , Yao Zhongshun , Niu Zhihong , He Wei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignant urological cancer in the world. Because of its characteristic of easy-recurrence and muscle-invasive, advances in our genetic understanding of bladder cancer should be translated into prognostic indicators.
Methods: We investigated 16 m6A RNA methylation regulators from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and The Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. The expression profile, clinical application as well as prognostic value of these genes in UC were investigated. Moreover, we further explored the correlation between RNA methylation genes and biological functions, pathways and immune status.
Results: Five m6A-related genes (HNRNPC, YTHDF2, YTHDF1, HNRNPA2B1, METTL3) up-regulated in UC tissues, while three regulators (ZC3H13, METTL16, FTO) down-regulated in UC. FTO and YTHDF2 show biomarker potential for the prognosis of UC patients. In addition, these identified genes may related with essential functions and core molecular pathways.
Conclusions: Our research shows that two m6A RNA methylation regulators can serve as reliable prognostic biomarkers of UC, which might be exerted as potential targets of therapeutic strategies.
Genetic characteristics and prognostic implications of m1A regulators in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Zheng Qingyuan , Yu Xiao , Zhang Qiyao , He Yuting , Guo Wenzhi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Studies have identified the methylation of N1 adenosine (m1A), an RNA modification, playing an important role in the progression of the tumorigenesis. The present study aimed to analyze the genetic characteristics and prognostic value of m1A regulators in pancreatic cancer. In the present study, data on gene mutations, single-nucleotide variants (SNVs), and copy number variation (CNV) were obtained from 363 patients with pancreatic cancer in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and survival analysis was performed using the logarithmic rank test and Cox regression model. The chi-squared test was used to examine the relationship between the changes in m1A regulatory factors and clinicopathological characteristics. And we used ICGC database to verify the reliability of prognostic markers. The results show that changes in m1A-regulating genes are related to clinical stage and that the expression of some m1A-regulating genes is positively correlated with CNV. In addition, the low expression of the ‘eraser’ gene ALKBH1 is related to the poor prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer, and its expression level has important clinical significance for patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). Mechanistically, ALKBH1 may participate in the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer through mTOR and ErbB signaling pathway. The expression of m1A-regulating genes can be used as a prognostic marker for pancreatic cancer. These findings provide valuable clues for us to understand the epigenetics of m1A in pancreatic cancer.
Responsible innovation: Its role in an era of technological and regulatory transformation
Authors: Tait Joyce , Brown Alex , Lalinde Isabela Cabrera , Barlow Daniel , Chiles Matthew , Mason Paul 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the development of innovative technology products, companies of all sizes are being encouraged to innovate responsibly and regulators are encouraged to adapt their regulatory systems to be smarter, more proportionate and adaptive to the needs of innovative technologies. The British Standards Institution Responsible Innovation (RI) Guide (Publicly Available Specification [PAS] 440) is an industry‐wide standard relevant to both these policy trends. It supports companies by providing a framework to demonstrate the balance between the potential benefits and harms and, if necessary, to take action to maximise the benefits and/or minimise the harms. It includes guidance on engagement with stakeholders and will codify what stakeholders can expect from companies undertaking responsible innovation, paving the way to more harmonious relationships among stakeholders with differing interests and values. A cross‐sectoral survey of innovative companies showed that 90% favoured the development of such a standard. PAS 440 was also trialled in two early‐stage biotechnology companies and its expected benefits included contributing to coordinated responsible behaviour along a supply chain; better company and stakeholder understanding of the product properties; supporting decision‐making on whether or not to start a company; considering the risks of not developing the product and avoiding reputational risks. Benefits were expected to be increasingly significant as the RI standard becomes widely adopted.
A two‐stage service restoration method for electric power distribution systems
Authors: Poudel Shiva , Dubey Anamika 
Published: March 2021

AbstractImproving the reliability of power distribution systems is critically important for both utilities and customers. This calls for an efficient service restoration module within a distribution management system to support the implementation of self‐healing smart grid networks. Although the emerging smart grid technologies, including distributed generators (DGs) and remote‐controlled switches, enhance the self‐healing capability and allow faster recovery, they still pose additional complexity to the service restoration problem, especially under cold load pickup (CLPU) conditions. Herein, a novel two‐stage restoration framework is proposed to generate a restoration solutions with a sequence of control actions. The first stage generates a restoration plan that supports both the traditional service restoration using feeder reconfiguration and the grid‐forming DG‐assisted intentional islanding methods. The second stage generates an optimal sequence of switching operations to bring the outaged system quickly to the final restored configuration. The problem is formulated as a mixed‐integer linear program that incorporates system connectivity, operating constraints, and the CLPU models. It is demonstrated that on using a multi‐feeder test case, the proposed framework is effective in utilizing all available resources to quickly restore the service and generate an optimal sequence of switching actions to be used by the operator to reach the desired optimal configuration.
Sliding‐mode‐based controllers for automation of blood glucose concentration for type 1 diabetes
Authors: Babar Sheraz Ahmad , Ahmad Iftikhar , Mughal Iqra Shafeeq 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDestruction of β‐cells in pancreas causes deficiency in insulin production that leads to diabetes in the human body. To cope with this problem, insulin is either taken orally during the day or injected into the patient's body using artificial pancreas (AP) during sleeping hours. Some mathematical models indicate that AP uses control algorithms to regulate blood glucose concentration (BGC). The extended Bergman minimal model (EBMM) incorporates, as a state variable, the disturbance in insulin level during medication due to either meal intake or burning sugar by engaging in physical exercise. In this research work, EBMM and proposed finite time robust controllers are used, including the sliding mode controller (SMC), backstepping SMC (BSMC) and supertwisting SMC (second‐order SMC or SOSMC) for automatic stabilisation of BGC in type 1 diabetic patients. The proposed SOSMC diminishes the chattering phenomenon which appears in the conventional SMC. The proposed BSMC is a recursive technique which becomes robust by the addition of the SMC. Lyapunov theory has been used to prove the asymptotic stability of the proposed controllers. Simulations have been carried out in MATLAB/Simulink for the comparative study of the proposed controllers under varying data of six different type 1 diabetic patients available in the literature.
Psychologische Aspekte von Dysgnathien und Fehlbildungen im Kiefer-Gesichtsbereich
Authors: Handschel Jörg , Nienkemper Manuel 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungEs ist offenkundig, dass Menschen mit einem abweichenden Erscheinungsbild außerhalb der Norm stehen und entsprechende Reaktionen aus ihrer Umwelt erfahren oder sich zumindest als abnormal, nicht zugehörig empfinden können. Besonders Veränderungen im Kopf- und Halsbereich sind prädestiniert, die Aufmerksamkeit anderer auf sich zu ziehen. Diese Veränderungen können angeboren oder erworben sein. Letztere resultieren oft aus einem Trauma oder den Folgen von chirurgischen Eingriffen nach Tumoroperationen (Head & Neck Cancer). Die psychologischen Auswirkungen zeigen sich oft in einem verminderten Selbstwertgefühl, einer erhöhten Unzufriedenheit mit dem eigenen Aussehen und einer erhöhten Angst vor negativen Reaktionen der Mitmenschen. Es wurden keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen Patienten mit angeborenen und erworbenen Entstellungen gefunden.Das Gesicht ist für den Menschen von existenzieller Bedeutung. Mit seiner Form, Mimik und sprachlichen Ausdrucksfähigkeit repräsentiert es nicht nur die individuelle Persönlichkeit, sondern die Reaktionen der Mitmenschen auf das Gesicht beeinflussen auch die soziale Identität der Person. Als Spiegel der Identität ist das menschliche Gesicht ein Vermittler wesentlicher Aspekte des zwischenmenschlichen Zusammenlebens.Wer sich mit Dysgnathien, Gesichtsdeformationen/-krankheiten und -entstellungen befasst, muss auch die psychologische Bedeutung des Gesichts für den Patienten berücksichtigen und sich den mit der chirurgischen Behandlung verbundenen Konsequenzen stellen.
Trigemino-autonome Kopfschmerzen in der Praxis
Authors: Ziegeler Christian , Peng Kuan-Po 
Published: March 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Gruppe der trigemino-autonome Kopfschmerzen (TAK) beschreibt verschiedene primäre Kopfschmerzsyndrome, die durch ihr streng einseitiges Auftreten, die hohe Intensität der Schmerzattacken sowie den namensgebenden autonomen Begleitsymptomen wie Ptosis, Lakrimation und/oder Rhinorrhoe gekennzeichnet sind. Die Internationale Kopfschmerzklassifikation ICHD-3 unterteilt sie in den Clusterkopfschmerz, die paroxysmale Hemikranie, die Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks sowie in die Hemicrania continua. Allen TAK ist gemein, dass sie mit hohem individuellen Leidensdruck der Patienten einhergehen, jedoch potenziell behandelbar sind; in einigen Fällen sogar exzellent und hochspezifisch, weshalb Neurologen diese Syndrome kennen sollten.
Neues in der Migränetherapie
Authors: Ruscheweyh Ruth , Hoffmann Jan 
Published: March 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGMigränepatienten brauchen eine wirksame Akuttherapie und in schwereren Fällen auch eine medikamentöse Prophylaxe. In den letzten Jahren sind erstmals gezielt in die Pathophysiologie der Migräne eingreifende Substanzen entwickelt worden, die über die Blockade von CGRP wirken. Dies sind einerseits die Antikörper gegen CGRP und den CGRP-Rezeptor, die prophylaktisch wirken, andererseits die Gepante (CGRP-Rezeptorantagonisten), die sowohl in der Akuttherapie als auch in der Prophylaxe der Migräne eingesetzt werden können. Gemeinsam ist diesen Substanzen ihre gute Verträglichkeit. CGRP-(Rezeptor)-Antikörper haben gegenüber klassischen Prophylaktika den Vorteil eines schnellen Wirkeintritts. Für die Gepante in der Akuttherapie weisen tierexperimentelle Daten darauf hin, dass sie anders als Triptane eventuell nicht zu einem Kopfschmerz bei Medikamentenübergebrauch führen.
Komposite in der Front – klinische Anwendung
Authors: Hahn Britta , Soliman Sebastian , Drehmann Paul , Krastl Gabriel 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungEine naturgetreue Kompositrestauration in der Front stellt hohe Anforderungen an das verwendete Material und den Behandler. Am natürlichen Zahn angelehnte Schichttechniken und individualisierte Matrizentechniken ermöglichen vorhersagbare ästhetische Resultate. Meist sind es aber nicht das Material oder die optimale Farbauswahl, die eine Restauration schließlich unsichtbar erscheinen lassen, sondern viele kleine, aber konsequent umgesetzte Details. Worauf man bei einer effektiven Vorgehensweise achten sollte und welche Besonderheiten, Vor- und Nachteile im Vergleich zu konventionellen indirekten Therapieverfahren die direkte Komposittechnik hat, wird in diesem Beitrag herausgestellt.
Correlation relationship between the dissipative and conservative backscattering components in the ring resonator of a laser gyroscope
Authors: Petrukhin E.A. , Khokhlov I.N. , Khokhlov N.I. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We report the results of measuring the complex coupling coefficients in ring He – Ne lasers with a radiation wavelength of 632.8 nm. It is found that in assembling ring resonators from mirrors of the same quality, there is no correlation between the dissipative and conservative backscattering components. The analysis of the measurement results shows that this behaviour is associated with the speckle structure of the backscattered field in the ring resonator. The presence of backscattering (BS) sources with a random phase on the mirrors’ surface leads to a spread in the values of the BS parameters, which is described by the Rayleigh distribution function. Ways to reduce the spread in the values of dissipative and conservative backscattering components in assembling the ring resonators are discussed.
Indirect drive thermonuclear targets with free-flying fuel capsules
Authors: Shmatov M.L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Indirect drive thermonuclear targets with fuel capsules at the stage of X-ray irradiation in a free flight are proposed. The absence of structural elements fixing the fuel capsule at the beginning of this stage will make the initiation of their associated instabilities impossible and will thereby improve the fuel compression.
Dynamics of a Q-switched bismuth-doped fibre laser: simulation and comparison with experiment
Authors: Artemov D.E. , Nanii O.E. , Smirnov A.P. , Fedoseev A.I. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Using an improved travelling wave model, we have numerically investigated the dynamics of a Q-switched bismuth-doped fibre laser. Comparison of simulation results with previously reported experimental data demonstrates good agreement of the multipeak lasing structure and the shape of the strongest pulses at various levels of pumping. We have assessed the effect of the main laser parameters on output laser characteristics and quantitatively evaluated the effects of the nonsaturable loss in the active fibre and amplified spontaneous emission on output power saturation. Based on analysis of time-dependent light intensity and gain distributions in the gain medium at different instants in time, we have formulated recommendations how to improve output laser characteristics.