bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obtaining the Minimal Set of Hybrid Parameter Differential Equations for Mechanisms
Authors: Barhorst Alan A. , Everett Louis J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Mechanisms are inherently constrained devices. Combining flexibility with mechanisms usually requires using Lagrange multipliers to handle the constraints. The added algebraic or numerical tedium, associated with the Lagrange multipliers, is well documented. Presented in this paper is a technique for obtaining the minimal set of hybrid parameter differential equations for a constrained device. That is, the set of equations that inherently incorporate the constraints.
The technique illustrated in this paper is a recently developed hybrid parameter multiple body (HPMB) system modeling methodology. The variational nature of the methodology allows rigorous equation formulation providing not only the complete nonlinear, hybrid differential equations, but also the boundary conditions. The methodology is formulated in the constraint-free subspace of the system’s configuration space, thus Lagrange multipliers are not needed for constrained systems, regardless of the constraint type (holonomic or nonholonomic).
To evince the utility of the method, a flexible four bar mechanism is modeled. Particularly, the inversion of the slider crank found in the quick return mechanism. A comparison of Hamilton’s principle and the described technique, as they are applied to the mechanism, is included. It is shown that the same equations result from either method, but the new technique is much more concise, more efficiently handles the constraints, and requires less algebraic tedium.
An Experimental Study of Elastic Mechanism With Lumped Mass and Inertia Moment
Authors: Wang L. , Kovacevic R. , Zou Hui-jun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study aims at the experimental investigation of the dynamic characterization of high-speed mechanism with great flexibility. We use the specific constraction mechanism TLJ as an example and focus our research on the influence of lumped mass and inertia moment. Using the auther’s KED analysis program KEDL, many important concepts have been put forward based on the results and some new conclusions have been drawn.
Rotatability Laws for Spherical N-Bar Chains
Authors: Kohli Dilip 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A unique dimensional representation of a spherical linkage called the primary linkage is defined using supplemental transformations. This primary linkage representation has the property that the sum of its any two links is less than π. Then several theorems and lemmas concerning the assemblability, revolvability of angles and full rotatability are presented for this primary linkage representation using extensions of the spherical triangle inequalities.
Since all different supplemental dimensional representations of a spherical linkage are equivalent, the assemblability, revolvability of angles and the rotatability of links of an N-bar spherical linkage of a given dimensional representation can be determined by first determining the primary linkage representation and then using the theorems and laws provided in the paper. The rotatability criteria of spherical four-link and five-link mechanisms are very special cases of the N-bar rotatability criteria presented in the paper.
Indentification and Classification of Multi-Degree-of-Freedom and Multi-Loop Mechanisms
Authors: Liu Tyng , Yu Chung-Huang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study concerns the degree-of-freedom, the arrangements of input and the type of mobility of multi-loop, multi-degree-of-freedom mechanisms. Firstly, “basic loops” is introduced, and a systematic scheme for identifying the actual degree-of-freedom of mechanisms is developed. The input, then, can be properly deployed, such that the mechanism has a totally constrained motion. Lastly, based on the input deployment, the mobility of mechanisms is classifed and identified into three types: total, partial and fractionated mobility. The procedure has been automated, and the atlas of all possible arrangements of input of up to eight-link planar mechanisms with only revolute joints is presented. The systematic method is helpful for the structural synthesis of multi-degree-of-freedom and multi-loop mechanisms, and for exploring their potential industrial applications.
The Design of Manipulator System With Pole Placement Approach
Authors: DeRong Wu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The manipulator system is a sequence of mechanisms jointed with each other. It is difficult to establish the dynamic state equation of such a mechanism system. By means of the bond graph method, it is easy to derive the state equation of a mechanism, then one have the transfer function matrix. According to the combined situation of mechanisms for manipulator, whose transfer function matrix may be obtained. Based on the modern control theory, one will find that in a controllable system, it is possible to place the poles anywhere we wish in the complex plane. In this paper one will develop a new procedure concerning system pole assignment within desired places by using two controllers. An example is illustrated.
An Automated Database System for Preliminary Spacecraft Design
Authors: Grooms H. R. , Blanchard W. , Hawthorne D. , Fisk K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Spacecraft preliminary design is usually fast-paced and occasionally hectic. Decisions on configuration, propulsion systems, primary structure, cost, safety, reliability, and other disciplines are made almost daily. Keeping the design team informed of the decisions and the reasons for them in a timely fashion is a formidable task — one that is greatly facilitated by an automated database. This paper describes the scope, applications, and benefits of an automated base system that is currently in use on a spacecraft preliminary design project.
A Database Design Methodology for Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials
Authors: Rasdorf William J. , Spainhour Lisa K. , Burns Bruce P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Presently there is a great diversity of individuals and organizations involved in generating and using fiber-reinforced composite materials (FRCM) data. Because of this, many engineers and scientists are interested in creating a computing system to facilitate their access and use of such data. In order for such a system to be built, information needs to be compiled on the requirements of a database, one of the key elements of such a computing environment. This paper attempts to help analysts and designers understand and develop a fully integrated FRCM database by providing an overview of important database design considerations and elements. The first main section of this paper discusses 1) the application programs now being used for the fabrication, design, manufacture, and testing of FRCM components; 2) the data flow among these programs; 3) the need for a database management system to overcome existing system shortcomings; and 4) the advantages of selecting the relational data model to improve the present handling of data. The other main section of the paper provides a methodology for designing a database using the relational data model and describes the specific content and structure of this database that is proposed to be used in the FRCM computing environment.
Certified Athletic Trainers’ Use of Cervical Clinical Testing in the Diagnosis and Management of Sports-Related Concussion
Authors: Cheever Kelly , Kay Melissa 
Published: March 2021

Context: Despite evidence implicating cervicogenic symptoms in the development of persistent postconcussion symptoms, factors that influence utilization of cervical clinical tests to identify cervicogenic symptoms following concussion are poorly understood. Objective: Explore barriers to the utilization of cervical clinical testing in multifaceted concussion evaluation. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Online survey. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 122 athletic trainers (AT) (age = 42.6 [6.4] y; female = 51.6%; 52% >10 y of clinical practice; 68% master’s degree or greater; 35% treated a minimum of 15 concussions/y). Main Outcome Measure(s): Perceived importance, clinical experience, number of concussions treated, utilization of cervical clinical tests following nonspecific cervical pathology and following concussion, comfort with cervical treatment modalities following a concussion, and recommendation for cervical-specific therapy to treat persistent postconcussion symptoms. Results: Ordinal logistic regression revealed perceived importance had the strongest positive impact on AT’s likelihood of high utilization of cervical clinical testing following concussion (95% CI, .17 to .99; P = .005), while clinical experience (95% CI, −.43 to .29; P = .71) and number of concussions treated/y (95% CI, −.21 to .31; P = .71) had no bearing. Moreover, low comfort with cervical treatments following a concussion (95% CI, −2.86 to −.26; P = .018) and low utilization of cervical clinical testing following nonspecific cervical pathology (95% CI, −7.01 to −3.39; P ≤ .001) had a strong positive impact on high utilization of cervical clinical testing following concussion. Two logistic regression models demonstrated how recommendations for cervical-specific therapy in persistent post-concussion symptom patients could be predicted based on (1) cervical test utilization and (2) perceptions and clinical experience with 79% and 78%, respectively. Conclusions: Perceived importance played a major role in utilization of cervical clinical test following concussion. ATs who utilized common cervical treatments when dealing with non-concussive injuries were more likely to utilize those same treatments to treat comorbid cervical pathology following a concussion.
Association of spontaneous abortion with all cause and cause specific premature mortality: prospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Yi-Xin , Mínguez-Alarcón Lidia , Gaskins Audrey J , Missmer Stacey A , Rich-Edwards Janet W , Manson JoAnn E , Pan An , Chavarro Jorge E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the association of spontaneous abortion with the risk of all cause and cause specific premature mortality (death before the age of 70).

Design
Prospective cohort study.

Setting
The Nurses’ Health Study II (1993-2017), United States.

Participants
101 681 ever gravid female nurses participating in the Nurses’ Health Study II.

Main outcomes measures
Lifetime occurrence of spontaneous abortion in pregnancies lasting less than 6 months, determined by biennial questionnaires. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for all cause and cause specific premature death according to the occurrence of spontaneous abortion, estimated with time dependent Cox proportional hazards models.

Results
During 24 years of follow-up, 2936 premature deaths were recorded, including 1346 deaths from cancer and 269 from cardiovascular disease. Crude all cause mortality rates were comparable for women with and without a history of spontaneous abortion (1.24 per 1000 person years in both groups) but were higher for women experiencing three or more spontaneous abortions (1.47 per 1000 person years) and for women reporting their first spontaneous abortion before the age of 24 (1.69 per 1000 person years). The corresponding age adjusted hazard ratios for all cause premature death during follow-up were 1.02 (95% confidence interval 0.94 to 1.11), 1.39 (1.03 to 1.86), and 1.27 (1.11 to 1.46), respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors and updated dietary and lifestyle factors, the occurrence of spontaneous abortion was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.19 (95% confidence interval 1.08 to 1.30) for premature mortality during follow-up. The association was stronger for recurrent spontaneous abortions (hazard ratio 1.59, 95% confidence interval 1.17 to 2.15 for three or more spontaneous abortions; 1.23, 1.00 to 1.50 for two; and 1.16, 1.05 to 1.28 for one compared with none), and for spontaneous abortions occurring early in a woman’s reproductive life (1.32, 1.14 to 1.53 for age ≤23; 1.16, 1.01 to 1.33 for ages 24-29; and 1.12, 0.98 to 1.28 for age ≥30 compared with none). When cause specific mortality was evaluated, the association of spontaneous abortion with premature death was strongest for deaths from cardiovascular disease (1.48, 1.09 to 1.99). Spontaneous abortion was not related to premature death from cancer (1.08, 0.94 to 1.24).

Conclusions
Spontaneous abortion was associated with an increased risk of premature mortality, particularly death from cardiovascular disease.
Quality of rheumatology care for patients with fibromyalgia and chronic pain syndromes
Authors: Pang Hilary YM , Farrer Chandra , Wu Wei , Gakhal Natasha K 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundOne-third of primary care providers (PCPs) refer patients with fibromyalgia or chronic pain (FM/CP) to specialist care, typically rheumatology. Yet, comprehensive data on the quality of rheumatology care for patients with FM/CP are currently lacking.MethodsRecords of patients referred for rheumatology consultation for FM/CP and seen at a single academic centre between 2017 and 2018 were extracted by retrospective chart review. Variables were diagnostic accuracy (at referral vs consultation), resource utilisation (investigations, medications, medical and allied health referral), direct costs (physician billing, staff salary, investigation fees) and access (consult wait time). Patient experience and referring PCP experience surveys were administered.Results79 charts were identified. Following consultation, 81% of patients (n=64) maintained the same diagnosis of FM/CP, 19% (n=15) were diagnosed with regional pain and 0% of patients (n=0) were diagnosed with an inflammatory arthritis or connective tissue disease. Investigations were ordered for 37% of patients (n=29), medication prescribed for 10% (n=8) and an allied health referral provided for 54% (n=43). Direct costs totalled $19 745 (average $250/consult; range $157–$968/consult). Consultation wait time averaged 184 days (range 62–228 days). Out of the seven (64%) responses to the patient experience survey, 86% of patients (n=6) were satisfied with provider communication but the consultation ‘definitely’ met the expectations of only 57% (n=4). The PCP survey returned an insufficient response rate.ConclusionsThis study found that no patient referred to rheumatology care for FM/CP was diagnosed with an inflammatory arthritis or connective tissue disease. Furthermore, patients with FM/CP experience lengthy wait times for rheumatology care which delay their management of chronic pain. Interdisciplinary and collaborative healthcare models can potentially provide higher quality care for patients with FM/CP.
Refinements of the bottom and strange MSSM Higgs Yukawa couplings at NNLO
Authors: Ghezzi Margherita , Glaus Seraina , Müller Dario , Schmidt Timo , Spira Michael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe extend the already existing two-loop calculation of the effective bottom-Yukawa coupling in the MSSM. In addition to the resummation of the dominant corrections for large values of tg$$\beta $$β, we include the subleading terms related to the trilinear Higgs coupling$$A_b$$Aband contributions induced by the electroweak gauge couplings. This calculation has been extended to the NNLO corrections to the MSSM strange-Yukawa coupling. Our analysis leads to residual theoretical uncertainties of the effective Yukawa couplings at the per-cent level.
Breaking reciprocity and preserving-frequency using linear acoustic metamaterials
Authors: Li Hongzhu , Ding Qian , Ma Zhisai , Ren Qingquan , Lyu Xiaofei , Qin Zhao-Hong , Wei Long , Kamil Żur Krzysztof , Yang Tianzhi 
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we introduce a linear waveguide implemented by cascading acoustic black holes (ABHs). The asymmetric wave propagation, up to 46 dB, is observed and verified in simulation and experiment. It is shown that, in comparison with the previous nonlinear acoustic diodes, our waveguide can rectify the sound without shifting the impinging sound frequency. The device is simple and easy-to-fabricate without using complex nonlinear materials and space–time modulation. This feature could open a new route for designing acoustic waveguide devices that preserve the key information.
Effect of hybridization parity on multiband superconductors properties
Authors: Ramos W. M. P. , Padilha I. T. 
Published: March 2021

We investigated the influence that hybridization parity has on the so-called multiband superconductors, where we proposed a model with two bands [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Thus, we observe the behavior of intra-band superconductivity, the one whose coupling occurs between carriers that belong to the same band [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text], and inter-bands, when the coupling occurs between carriers of different bands [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] — from graphs of the order parameter as a function of hybridization and the order parameter as a function of temperature, for null temperature in the first case and for finite temperature in the second, as well as intraband phase diagrams. In this sense, the study of the influence that hybridization has on superconductivity is fundamental for understanding unconventional superconductors, such as heavy fermions and high-temperature superconductors.
Relationships of Rheumatoid Factor with Thickness of Retina and Choroid in Subjects without Ocular Symptoms Using Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Li Qingjian , Qian Yiwen , Xu Sennan , Zhang Minjie , Liang Xu , Che Xin , Jiang Jing , Liu Zuguo , Zhang Yu , Liu Yan , Wang Zhiliang 
Published: March 2021

Purpose. Researches have confirmed that the retinal and choroidal thickness in patients with autoimmune disease-associated uveitis displays significant changes. However, the relationships between rheumatoid factor (RF) and thickness of the retina and choroid in individuals without ocular manifestations remain unclear. The aim of this study is to assess the associations of RF with retinal and choroidal thickness. Methods. The individuals enrolled in the cross-sectional research received full ocular examinations. The participants were classified as the RF (+) group (

RF
≥
15.0

IU/ml) and the RF (−) group (

RF
<
15.0

IU/ml) according to the serum RF titers. The thickness of the retina and choroid was measured by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Results. The study covered 65 right eyes of 65 individuals that are RF-positive and 130 right eyes of 130 age- and sex-matched individuals that are RF-negative. The RF (+) group showed decreased choroidal thickness that achieved statistical significance only in the outer inferior and outer temporal sectors, as compared to the RF (−) group. There was no statistically significant difference regarding the retinal thickness between the two groups. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed that the RF was significantly negatively related to the choroidal thickness in all areas. However, there was no significant correlation between the RF and the retinal thickness. Conclusions. Serum RF titers are closely linked with choroidal thickness before the emergence of ocular symptoms. Research into the relationships may improve our understanding of the role of serum RF in the pathogenesis of uveitis.
Nuclear Receptor Coactivator NCOA3 Regulates UV Radiation–Induced DNA Damage and Melanoma Susceptibility
Authors: de Semir David , Bezrookove Vladimir , Nosrati Mehdi , Dar Altaf A. , Miller James R. , Leong Stanley P. , Kim Kevin B. , Liao Wilson , Soroceanu Liliana , McAllister Sean , Debs Robert J. , Schadendorf Dirk , Leachman Sancy A. , Cleaver James E. , Kashani-Sabet Mohammed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Melanoma occurs as a consequence of inherited susceptibility to the disease and exposure to UV radiation (UVR) and is characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation and a high mutational load. The precise mechanisms by which UVR contributes to the development of melanoma remain poorly understood. Here we show that activation of nuclear receptor coactivator 3 (NCOA3) promotes melanomagenesis through regulation of UVR sensitivity, cell-cycle progression, and circumvention of the DNA damage response (DDR). Downregulation of NCOA3 expression, either by genetic silencing or small-molecule inhibition, significantly suppressed melanoma proliferation in melanoma cell lines and patient-derived xenografts. NCOA3 silencing suppressed expression of xeroderma pigmentosum C and increased melanoma cell sensitivity to UVR. Suppression of NCOA3 expression led to activation of DDR effectors and reduced expression of cyclin B1, resulting in G2–M arrest and mitotic catastrophe. A SNP in NCOA3 (T960T) reduced NCOA3 protein expression and was associated with decreased melanoma risk, given a significantly lower prevalence in a familial melanoma cohort than in a control cohort without cancer. Overexpression of wild-type NCOA3 promoted melanocyte survival following UVR and was accompanied by increased levels of UVR-induced DNA damage, both of which were attenuated by overexpression of NCOA3 (T960T). These results describe NCOA3-regulated pathways by which melanoma can develop, with germline NCOA3 polymorphisms enabling enhanced melanocyte survival in the setting of UVR exposure, despite an increased mutational burden. They also identify NCOA3 as a novel therapeutic target for melanoma.

Significance:
This study explores NCOA3 as a regulator of the DDR and a therapeutic target in melanoma, where activation of NCOA3 contributes to melanoma development following exposure to ultraviolet light.
Biomarker Technologies to Support Early Clinical Immuno-oncology Development: Advances and Interpretation
Authors: Cannarile Michael A. , Gomes Bruno , Canamero Marta , Reis Bernhard , Byrd Allyson , Charo Jehad , Yadav Mahesh , Karanikas Vaios 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Today, there is a huge effort to develop cancer immunotherapeutics capable of combating cancer cells as well as the biological environment in which they can grow, adapt, and survive. For such treatments to benefit more patients, there is a great need to dissect the complex interplays between tumor cells and the host's immune system. Monitoring mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapeutics can delineate the evolution of key players capable of driving an efficacious antitumor immune response. In doing so, simultaneous and systematic interrogation of multiple biomarkers beyond single biomarker approaches needs to be undertaken. Zooming into cell-to-cell interactions using technological advancements with unprecedented cellular resolution such as single-cell spatial transcriptomics, advanced tissue histology approaches, and new molecular immune profiling tools promises to provide a unique level of molecular granularity of the tumor environment and may support better decision-making during drug development. This review will focus on how such technological tools are applied in clinical settings, to inform the underlying tumor–immune biology of patients and offer a deeper understanding of cancer immune responsiveness to immuno-oncology treatments.