bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of Electric Currents and Energetic Particle Fluxes in a Solar Flare and Earth Magnetospheric Substorm
Authors: Artemyev Anton , Zimovets Ivan , Sharykin Ivan , Nishimura Yukitoshi , Downs Cooper , Weygand James , Fiori Robyn , Zhang Xiao-Jia , Runov Andrei , Velli Marco , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Panasenco Olga , Russell Christopher T. , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Kasahara Satoshi , Matsuoka Ayako , Yokota Shoichiro , Keika Kunihiro , Hori Tomoaki , Kazama Yoichi , Wang Shiang-Yu , Shinohara Iku , Ogawa Yasunobu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Magnetic field line reconnection is a universal plasma process responsible for the conversion of magnetic field energy to plasma heating and charged particle acceleration. Solar flares and Earth's magnetospheric substorms are two of the most investigated dynamical systems where global magnetic field reconfiguration is accompanied by energization of plasma populations. Such a reconfiguration includes formation of a long-living current system connecting the primary energy release region and cold dense conductive plasma of the photosphere/ionosphere. In both flares and substorms the evolution of this current system correlates with the formation and dynamics of energetic particle fluxes (although energy ranges can be different for these systems). Our study is focused on the similarity between flares and substorms. Using a wide range of data sets available for flare and substorm investigations, we qualitatively compare the dynamics of currents and energetic particle fluxes for one flare and one substorm. We show that there is a clear correlation between energetic particle precipitations (associated with energy release due to magnetic reconnection seen from riometer and hard X-ray measurements) and magnetic field reconfiguration/formation of the current system, whereas the long-term current system evolution correlates better with hot plasma fluxes (seen from in situ and soft X-ray measurements). We then discuss how data sets of in situ measurements of magnetospheric substorms can help interpret solar flare data.
Extragalactic Magnetism with SOFIA (Legacy Program) - II: A Magnetically Driven Flow in the Starburst Ring of NGC 1097*
Authors: Lopez-Rodriguez Enrique , Beck Rainer , Clark Susan E. , Hughes Annie , Borlaff Alejandro S. , Ntormousi Evangelia , Grosset Lucas , Tassis Konstantinos , Beckman John E. , Subramanian Kandaswamy , Dale Daniel , Díaz-Santos Tanio 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Galactic bars are frequent in disk galaxies and they may support the transfer of matter toward the central engine of active nuclei. The barred galaxy NGC 1097 has magnetic forces controlling the gas flow at several kpc scales, which suggest that magnetic fields (B-fields) are dynamically important along the bar and nuclear ring. However, the effect of the B-field on the gas flows in the central kpc scale has not been characterized. Using thermal polarized emission at 89 μm with HAWC+/SOFIA, here, we measure that the polarized flux is spatially located at the contact regions of the outer bar with the starburst ring. The linear polarization decomposition analysis shows that the 89 μm and radio (3.5 and 6.2 cm) polarization traces two different modes, m, of the B-field: a constant B-field orientation and dominated by m = 0 at 89 μm, and a spiral B-field dominated by m = 2 at radio. We show that the B-field at 89 μm is concentrated in the warmest region of a shock driven by the galactic-bar dynamics in the contact regions between the outer bar with the starburst ring. Radio polarization traces a superposition of the spiral B-field outside and within the starburst ring. According to Faraday rotation measures between 3.5 and 6.2 cm, the radial component of the B-field along the contact regions points toward the galaxy's center on both sides. We conclude that gas streams outside and within the starburst ring follow the B-field, which feeds the black hole with matter from the host galaxy.
Observational Limits on the Early-time Dust Mass in SN 1987A
Authors: Wesson Roger , Bevan Antonia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In recent years, dust masses of a few tenths of a solar mass have been found in the expanding ejecta of a number of core-collapse supernovae. How dust forms in such quantities remains poorly understood; theories of dust formation predict lower total masses and much faster formation rates than observations imply. One suggestion to reconcile observations and theory was made by Dwek et al., who proposed that the dust forms very rapidly, and because of its optical depth, is not initially observationally detectable, only being gradually revealed as the ejecta expand. Observational dust masses at early times would then only be lower limits. Using a large grid of radiative transfer models covering dust masses from 10−4 to 1 M
⊙ to calculate both the spectral energy distribution and the emission line profiles from clumpy dust shells, we show that this cannot be the case. Some clump distributions allow dust masses of ∼0.01 M
⊙ to be concealed in clumps and still predict an SED consistent with the observations. However, these geometries predict emission line profiles that are inconsistent with the observations. Similarly, clump geometries that reproduce the observed emission line profiles with dust masses >0.01 M
⊙ do not reproduce the SED. However, models with ∼10−3
M
⊙ of amorphous carbon can reproduce both the SED and the emission line profiles. We conclude that no large masses of dust can be hidden from view in the ejecta of SN 1987A at early epochs, and that the majority of dust must thus have formed at epochs >1000 days.
Canibalismo, conquista e a morte do bispo Sardinha (1556)
Authors: Raminelli Ronald 
Published: December 2021

Au xvi e siècle, la côte du Brésil était peuplée de Tupis. Les Européens avaient décrit leurs coutumes, leurs guerres, en mettant l’accent sur les rites de cannibalisme. Les Tupis consommaient la chair de leurs ennemis lors de cérémonies destinées à venger leurs parents morts dans des batailles ou lors de rituels. Les Portugais voyaient dans le cannibalisme une pratique abominable et en étaient venus à punir ces communautés en leur faisant la guerre ou en les esclavagisant. Le cannibalisme devint une bonne raison de douter de la conversion des Tupis au catholicisme et de conquérir plus rapidement le territoire. La mort du premier évêque du Brésil contribua à instiller la réputation du cannibalisme chez les Tupis. D’après certains récits, l’évêque Sardinha réchappa d’un naufrage, mais connut une mort tragique après avoir été sauvé par des Indiens Caetés (tupis). Divers récits ont décrit l’incident mais il y a des controverses et des secrets qui font douter de sa mort. Est-il mort dans le naufrage ou a-t-il été consommé par les Caetés ? En tout cas, après sa mort, la guerre contre les Tupis s’est intensifiée.
Rixes entre bandes, de nos jours. De la vengeance à la justice
Authors: Bouit Delphine 
Published: December 2021

De nos jours, les rixes entre bandes sont le fait de très jeunes gens, lesquels ne savent pas expliquer leur violence, sauf à dire qu’ils agressent par vengeance. La justice venant après la vengeance, l’analyse de ce qui est dit et constaté devant les tribunaux permet de mieux comprendre le phénomène. La vengeance collective actuelle, si elle présente des caractéristiques de la vengeance individuelle, ne contient-elle pas un secret qu’il est bon que la justice appréhende, afin que soit initiée une démarche de prévention ?
Amor, ira e vingança em ficções em prosa ibéricas do século XVII
Authors: Muhana Adma 
Published: December 2021

Il s’agit de voir comment la vengeance se manifeste dans la littérature ibérique du xvii e siècle, en relation avec les passions de l’amour et de son contraire, la colère. L’analyse est fondée sur un corpus composé des fictions en prose Os infortúnios trágicos da Constante Florinda (1625), de Gaspar Pires de Rebelo, et Los trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda (1617), de Miguel de Cervantes, corpus dans lequel la dimension descriptive des passions l’emporte sur la dimension narrative des actions.
Revisitando o mito de Inês de Castro: emoções e justiça na vingança de Pedro I
Authors: Olaia Inês 
Published: December 2021

Le récit que la mémoire collective a conservé au sujet de Pierre et Inês de Castro est celui d’un couple irrémédiablement passionné, enserré dans la fatalité de la politique de son époque. L’autrice cherche à analyser les archives des xiv e et xv e siècles à la lumière de l’histoire des émotions et de l’idée que celles-ci sont des actes performatifs inscrits dans l’individu par la société.
Achever l’histoire
Authors: Di Folco Philippe 
Published: December 2021

Dernière fiction d’Orson Welles, Une histoire immortelle (1968) se déroule dans les moiteurs d’un Macao désert et met en scène un étrange quartet. Que faut-il entendre à ce récit ? Entre malédiction, mise à mort du cinéma et tentative d’abolir le passé, par quels contours la vengeance ici conduit ses cheminements ?
La mise au carré du langage et de la pensée : une technique au service du recadrage en intervention systémique
Authors: Faulx Daniel , Moncarey Coryse 
Published: December 2021

Le recadrage constitue une démarche centrale dans la thérapie systémique et notamment dans les thérapies narratives et orientées solution. Dans cet article, nous présentons une technique particulière dénommée mise au carré. Nous en envisageons le déploiement au service du recadrage dans un contexte d’intervention systémique. Fondée sur le repérage des « liaisons », la mise au carré permet de visualiser les associations existantes dans un discours et d’explorer celles qui sont en germe mais non exprimées par la personne. Elle vise le déploiement de nouvelles associations potentielles au service de l’évolution du client. L’article présente une étude de cas qui vient illustrer la démarche. Les implications pour la pratique thérapeutique sont discutées en fin d’article.
Une anthropologie politique de la démocratie « en pratique » au Sud du Sahara
Authors: Deridder Marie , Konseiga Romaine , Laurent Pierre-Joseph 
Published: December 2021

En valorisant de nouvelles thématiques de recherche, de nouveaux ancrages empiriques et une approche collaborative de la recherche qualitative, l’APAD a fortement influencé plusieurs générations de chercheurs et chercheuses travaillant sur le politique au Sud du Sahara. À la croisée de l’étude « par le bas » du politique et d’une socio-anthropologie apadienne, cet article synthétise les apports de l’anthropologie politique africaniste développée, depuis une vingtaine d’années, au sein du laboratoire d’anthropologie prospective à l’UCLouvain, à partir de terrains ethnographiques situés en milieu urbain et rural, au Burkina Faso et au Mali. Il démontre comment une étude empirique, pragmatique, non culturaliste et non normative des processus de démocratisation donne à comprendre les recompositions du politique et des rapports de pouvoir au regard de cet horizon démocratique. Les auteur∙es proposent ensuite des pistes d’ouverture pour une étude du politique contemporain au Sud du Sahara.
Comment mettre sur agenda un problème public intime et sensible ? Dilemmes et inconforts des acteurs autour de l’avortement au Burkina Faso
Authors: Ouattara Fatoumata 
Published: December 2021

La sensibilité de l’avortement relève de sa dimension intime mais aussi de sa prise en compte dans l’action publique. Une simple opposition entre espace privé et espace public paraît insuffisante pour comprendre les conduites des acteurs. Comment émerge une question sensible et intime dans l’action publique ? Comment est structurée sa publicisation ? Ce texte vise à montrer comment la traduction de l’avortement en tant que sujet sociétal oscille entre l’ordre sanitaire et l’ordre moral au Burkina Faso. Son inscription à l’agenda se décline avec la nécessaire discrétion des pratiques d’avortement selon l’ordre moral local et les attentes des acteurs internationaux. Faire de l’avortement un problème d’ordre public confronte ainsi des acteurs opérant dans leurs sphères d’action respectives. Nous proposons une attention à l’émergence et à la formulation des problèmes publics. Une telle analyse ne semble féconde qu’à condition d’ouvrir une voie à la croisée de plusieurs champs thématiques mettant en évidence la dynamique des acteurs, leurs logiques et les enjeux : anthropologie culturelle et sociale, anthropologie du développement et sociologie de l’action politique. Cela permet d’appréhender des sujets (anciens et nouveaux) à l’interface des sphères privées et publiques, d’un point de vue socio-anthropologique, sous un nouvel angle.
Interdisciplinarity and the future of development studies after the 2019 Nobel Prize in economics
Authors: Lanzano Cristiano , Navarra Cecilia , Vallino Elena 
Published: December 2021

The 2019 Nobel prize for Economics consecrated A. Banerjee, E. Duflo and M. Kremer’s hegemony on development economics. The emphasis they put on field experiments and randomized control trials (RCTs) matched the emphasis on evidence-based policies and on evaluation that dominated the development sector in the same years. Here, we take inspiration from the debates generated by the 2019 Nobel prize to reflect on the future of development studies. While the empirical stance of these economists could have encouraged interdisciplinary collaboration, their experimental approach has tended to marginalize competing approaches and methods – namely, those who characterize anthropology and other qualitative social sciences. This has reinforced “imperialistic” tendencies in the discipline of economics, which can only be compensated through a renewed commitment to pluralism across the field of development studies.
Wound Closure Skills: Teaching Suturing in Athletic Training Education
Authors: Neil Elizabeth R. , Winkelmann Zachary K. , Eberman Lindsey E. 
Published: December 2021

Context
The examination, diagnosis, and intervention curricular content listed in the 2020 Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education Standards for Accreditation of Professional Athletic Training Programs states that learners must be able to evaluate and manage wounds, including care and closure. Although many wound closure techniques exist in clinical practice, suturing may be a necessary skill for athletic trainers (ATs) and one for which they need proper training.

Objective
To describe the instructional format and step-by-step process for wound closure using the “simple interrupted” method of suturing.

Background
Athletic training has continued to evolve in terms of the skills that are permitted within the scope of an AT's practice. The skill of wound closure via suturing has been omitted in athletic training programs due to the invasive nature of the technique. As state practice acts continue to adapt, many athletic training programs are adding suturing to their curricular content, and subsequently, a need exists to educate the credentialed AT.

Description
A multimodal approach to teaching suturing is recommended. This educational technique focuses on the cognitive introduction module that should occur before the skills lab. Step-by-step instructions are available to ensure that educators are able to properly train others in the task and for learners to gain a baseline understanding of the technique.

Clinical Advantage(s)
Described herein are multiple strategies related to supplies and techniques to be mindful of the resources available for other athletic training programs. In addition, ATs who are trained and permitted to suture can provide improved patient outcomes through comprehensive interventions at the point of care.

Conclusion(s)
Learners should be taught the skills of suturing including wound cleaning and anesthetizing and given opportunities to practice the skills over time. By providing budget-conscious options and alternative methods of instruction, this skill can be delivered for most programs.
Evaluating the Value of Different Sonographic Findings in Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis in Children
Authors: Ashjaei Bahar , Mehdizadeh Mehrzad , Alizadeh Houman , Najm Nooshin , Moghtaderi Mastaneh 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Appendicitis is one of the most common paediatric surgical emergencies occurring in about 7% of healthy children. To make a definitive diagnosis preferably avoiding unnecessary X-ray radiation exposure, ultrasound is the ideal modality. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of sonographic findings in children with acute appendicitis and comparing them with surgical findings to demonstrate the safety, simplicity and accuracy of this procedure in emergency departments as the first diagnostic procedure.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and eight children aged 1–15 years suspected of acute appendicitis in our tertiary hospital emergency department enrolled the study. Patients presenting as acute abdomen suspected as having acute appendicitis underwent abdominal ultrasonography (US) at first. Sonographic findings were compared to surgical and pathologic results, and sensitivity and specificity of each sonographic parameter in paediatric appendicitis were evaluated.

Results:
The analysis of sonographic results showed that 67.6% of patients had acute appendicitis, 13.9% had perforated appendicitis and 18.5% had normal appendix. On the other hand, there were acute appendicitis in 63.9% of patients, perforated appendicitis in 12% and normal appendix in 8.3% in surgical reports. Sensitivity of uncompressible appendicitis, appendicitis, maximal outer diameter (MOD) above 6 mm, maximal mural thickness (MMT) above 3 mm, round appendix was 98.68%, 28.04%, 94.74%, 61.84% and 68.42%, respectively. Specificity of incompressible appendicitis, appendicitis, MOD above 6 mm, MMT above 3 mm, round appendix was 64.71%, 96.15%, 64.71%, 82.35% and 94.12%, respectively. Overall sensitivity and specificity of US in appendicitis were 97.56% and 69.23%, respectively.

Conclusion:
According to the findings of this study, sensitivity of US in diagnosing appendicitis is higher than other studies, but its specificity was lower. Ultrasonographic accuracy and efficacy to diagnose acute appendicitis in children are high enough to allow clinicians to do it as an imaging modality of first choice, and also, in problematic cases to assist correct clinical diagnosis avoiding unnecessary X-ray exposure, decreasing negative appendectomies, decreasing perforation rate and lowering the cost of patients. Furthermore, negative US do not justify immediate computed tomography because clinical re-evaluation and a second US can help greatly the clinicians in the correct diagnosis.
Laparoscopic-Assisted Duhamel for Hirschsprung's Children Older than 3 Years
Authors: Arafa Ahmed , Eltantawi Haytham Esmat , Ragab Moutaz 
Published: December 2021

Context:
Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is a congenital anomaly affecting the enteric nervous system commonly the rectosigmoid region. Treatment is surgical where the aganglionic segment is resected, and bowel continuity is achieved by a colo-anal anastomosis. In 1999, Georgeson et al. proposed a new technique of primary laparoscopic-assisted pull through for HD as a new gold standard.

Aim of the Study:
To evaluate the outcome of the laparoscopic Duhamel procedure for the management of HD in children older than 3 years.

Methods:
This study was performed on 8 patients who were more than 3-year-old, with confirmed diagnoses of HD. Patients who initially presented with enterocolitis or obstruction were excluded from this study. In all cases, laparoscopic-assisted Duhamel was done.

Results:
We reported our results for the 1st year follow-up period and divided our results into early outcome for the first 3 months postoperative during which we had 2 cases complaining of enterocolitis that responded to conservative treatment, we observed 2 cases of perianal excoriation that responded to medical treatment while the late outcome was reported after 3 months postoperative: We had two cases with attacks of enterocolitis at 6 months and 9 months postoperatively that needed conservative treatment in the hospital in the form of parenteral antibiotics, rectal irrigation, intravenous fluids and NP0. There was neither anastomotic leak nor stenosis.

Conclusion:
Laparoscopic Duhamel for the management of HD in children older than 3 years is safe and useful procedure.
Local or Distal Flap in the Management of Digital Trauma in Children
Authors: Balde Fatoumata Binta , Mukenge Thierry , Benmassaoud Zineb , Abdellaoui Hicham , Atarraf Karima , Chater Lamia , Afifi My Abderrhmane 
Published: December 2021

Objectives:
We aim to describe the management of fingertip injuries treated by flaps in the paediatric surgery emergency ward and evaluate the long-term results.

Patients and Methods:
Through a 2-year prospective study, we analysed all fingertip injuries treated by flaps in the paediatric emergency ward. We collected patients' data and the clinical and imaging characteristics of the lesions. The type of flap was chosen on a case-by-case basis. We evaluated aesthetic and functional results.

Results:
Forty-two fingertip injuries required the use of flaps. The average age was 7 years, and boys were more affected. The smashed fingertip was the most common mechanism; pulp lesions and amputation were located mainly in zone I or II. We performed Atasoy flaps, palm flap, free skin grafts, McGregor flap and the cross finger flap. Our results were good to excellent in 66.67%.

Conclusions:
The best management of fingertip injuries in children remains prevention.
Effectiveness and Safety of a Single 7-French Plastic Stent for Endoscopic Ultrasound-guided Pancreatic Pseudocyst Drainage and Long-term Follow-up Outcomes
Authors: Pausawasdi Nonthalee , Rugivarodom Manus , Rujirachun Pongprueth , Charatchareonwitthaya Phunchai , Chantarojanasiri Tanyaporn , Sirivatanauksorn Yongyut 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided cystogastrostomy with a single 7-French (Fr) double-pigtail stent (DPS) is less popular due to the concern of stent patency. We aimed to assess the effectiveness, complications, and long-term outcomes of a single 7-Fr DPS in the endoscopic drainage of uncomplicated pseudocysts, containing no or minimal (<10%) debris.

Methods:
A retrospective review of patients with pancreatic pseudocysts, who underwent EUS-guided cystogastrostomy during 2010–2018, and a systematic review of the literature were conducted.

Results:
Of 45 patients, 14 patients underwent endoscopic drainage of uncomplicated pseudocysts using a single 7-Fr × 5 cm DPS. The mean cyst size was 10.2 ± 3.5 cm. Stent placement had a 100% technical and clinical success, defined as complete resolution of symptoms and regression of the cyst size by more than 50% at 8 weeks after drainage. The median follow-up was 42.4 months (range, 10–103). The pseudocysts resolved without recurrence in 92.8%. Spontaneous stent dislodgment was noted in 70% at a mean follow-up of 18 months. Additional interventions were required in 14% of cases due to stent occlusion and migration. A systematic review of literature related to EUS-guided cystogastrostomy using single and multiple plastic stents included 9 of 333 studies (222 patients). The analysis showed the pooled clinical success of 89% (95% confidence interval [CI], 82.0–94.2) and complication rate of 13% (95% CI, 5.7–21.8).

Conclusion:
Selected uncomplicated pseudocysts can be treated effectively with a single 7-Fr DPS as it provides comparable clinical success and long-term outcomes as using larger or multiple stents.