bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical effect of different plate-to-disc distance on surgical and adjacent segment in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion - a finite element analysis
Authors: Guo Xing , Zhou Jiaming , Tian Yueyang , Kang Liang , Xue Yuan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The plate-to-disc distance (PDD) is an important factor affecting the degeneration of adjacent segments after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). However, the most suitable PDD is controversial. This study examined the adjacent intervertebral disc stress, bone graft stress, titanium plate stress and screw stress to evaluate the biomechanical effect of different PDD on surgical segment and adjacent segment following C5/C6 ACDF.

Methods
We constructed 10 preoperative finite element models of intact C4–C7 segments and validated them in the present study. We simulated ACDF surgery based on the 10 intact models in software. We designed three different distance of plate-to-disc titanium plates: long PDD (10 mm), medium PDD (5 mm) and short PDD (0 mm). The changes in C4/C5 and C6/C7 intervertebral disc stress, bone graft stress, titanium plate stress and screw stress were analyzed.

Results
The von Mises stress of C4/C5 and C6/C7 intervertebral discs had no significant differences (P > 0.05) in three different PDD groups. Titanium plate stress increased as the PDD decreased. The bone graft stress and screws stress decreased as the PDD decreased. The maximum stress of each part occurred was mostly in the conditions of rotation and lateral bending.

Conclusions
The PDD has no effect on adjacent intervertebral disc stress, but it is an important factor that affecting the bone graft stress, titanium plate stress and screws stress after ACDF. Shorter PDD plate can provide better stability to reduce stress on screws and bone graft, which may be helpful to prevent cage subsidence, pseudarthrosis and instrument failure. This can serve as a reference for clinical choice of plate.
Entropic measures of complexity in a new medical coding system
Authors: Niyirora Jerome 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundTransitioning from an old medical coding system to a new one can be challenging, especially when the two coding systems are significantly different. The US experienced such a transition in 2015.ObjectiveThis research aims to introduce entropic measures to help users prepare for the migration to a new medical coding system by identifying and focusing preparation initiatives on clinical concepts with more likelihood of adoption challenges.MethodsTwo entropic measures of coding complexity are introduced. The first measure is a function of the variation in the alphabets of new codes. The second measure is based on the possible number of valid representations of an old code.ResultsA demonstration of how to implement the proposed techniques is carried out using the 2015 mappings between ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM/PCS. The significance of the resulting entropic measures is discussed in the context of clinical concepts that were likely to pose challenges regarding documentation, coding errors, and longitudinal data comparisons.ConclusionThe proposed entropic techniques are suitable to assess the complexity between any two medical coding systems where mappings or crosswalks exist. The more the entropy, the more likelihood of adoption challenges. Users can utilize the suggested techniques as a guide to prioritize training efforts to improve documentation and increase the chances of accurate coding, code validity, and longitudinal data comparisons.
Targeting necroptosis as therapeutic potential in chronic myocardial infarction
Authors: Piamsiri Chanon , Maneechote Chayodom , Siri-Angkul Natthaphat , Chattipakorn Siriporn C. , Chattipakorn Nipon 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are considered the predominant cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Of these, myocardial infarction (MI) is the most common cause of CVD mortality. MI is a life-threatening condition which occurs when coronary perfusion is interrupted leading to cardiomyocyte death. Subsequent to MI, consequences include adverse cardiac remodeling and cardiac dysfunction mainly contribute to the development of heart failure (HF). It has been shown that loss of functional cardiomyocytes in MI-induced HF are associated with several cell death pathways, in particular necroptosis. Although the entire mechanism underlying necroptosis in MI progression is still not widely recognized, some recent studies have reported beneficial effects of necroptosis inhibitors on cell viability and cardiac function in chronic MI models. Therefore, extensive investigation into the necroptosis signaling pathway is indicated for further study. This article comprehensively reviews the context of the underlying mechanisms of necroptosis in chronic MI-induced HF in in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. These findings could inform ways of developing novel therapeutic strategies to improve the clinical outcomes in MI patients from this point forward.
Study on the mechanism of production of γ-PGA and nattokinase in Bacillus subtilis natto based on RNA-seq analysis
Authors: Li Min , Zhang Zilong , Li Shenwei , Tian Zhengan , Ma Xia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPoly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) and nattokinase (NK) are the main substances produced by Bacillus subtilis natto in solid-state fermentation and have wide application prospects. We found that our strains had higher activity of nattokinase when soybeans were used as substrate to increase the yield of γ-PGA. Commercial production of γ-PGA and nattokinase requires an understanding of the mechanism of co-production. Here, we obtained the maximum γ-PGA yield (358.5 g/kg, w/w) and highest activity of NK during fermentation and analyzed the transcriptome of Bacillus subtilis natto during co-production of γ-PGA and NK. By comparing changes in expression of genes encoding key enzymes and the metabolic pathways associated with the products in genetic engineering, the mechanism of co-production of γ-PGA and nattokinase can be summarized based on RNA-seq analysis. This study firstly provides new insights into the mechanism of co-production of γ-PGA and nattokinase by Bacillus subtilis natto and reveals potential molecular targets to promote the co-production of γ-PGA and nattokinase.
On-demand pH-sensitive surface charge-switchable polymeric micelles for targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms development
Authors: Chen Xiangjun , Guo Rong , Wang Changrong , Li Keke , Jiang Xinyu , He Huayu , Hong Wei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBacterial biofilm is the complicated clinical issues, which usually results in bacterial resistance and reduce the therapeutic efficacy of antibiotics. Although micelles have been drawn attention in treatment of the biofilms, the micelles effectively permeate and retain in biofilms still facing a big challenge. In this study, we fabricated on-demand pH-sensitive surface charge-switchable azithromycin (AZM)-encapsulated micelles (denoted as AZM-SCSMs), aiming to act as therapeutic agent for treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) biofilms. The AZM-SCSMs was composed of poly(l-lactide)-polyetherimide-hyd-methoxy polyethylene glycol (PLA-PEI-hyd-mPEG). It was noteworthy that the pH-sensitive acylhydrazone bond could be cleaved in acidic biofilm microenvironment, releasing the secondary AZM-loaded cationic micelles based on PLA-PEI (AZM-SCMs) without destroying the micellar integrity, which could tailor drug-bacterium interaction using micelles through electrostatic attraction. The results proved that positively charged AZM-SCMs could facilitate the enhanced penetration and retention inside biofilms, improved binding affinity with bacterial membrane, and added drug internalization, thus characterized as potential anti-biofilm agent. The excellent in vivo therapeutic performance of AZM-SCSMs was confirmed by the targeting delivery to the infected tissue and reduced bacterial burden in the abscess-bearing mice model. This study not only developed a novel method for construction non-depolymerized pH-sensitive SCSMs, but also provided an effective means for the treatment of biofilm-related infections.
Postnatal growth of preterm infants during the first two years of life: catch-up growth accompanied by risk of overweight
Authors: Han Junyan , Jiang Yuan , Huang Jun , Zhang Yue , Zhang Ying , Zhang Yi , Chen Xiaotian , Li Yun , Yan Weili 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundEarly postanal growth of preterm infants has many effects on early and late health. However, evidence on growth pattern in Chinese preterm infant population during early life is insufficient. This study aims to describe the growth trajectory, catch-up growth, and risk of overweight of preterm infants during the first 2 years of life in a Chinese community population.MethodsAll preterm infants (n = 10,624) received routine childcare in one primary maternal and child healthcare network in 8 years were included. Body weight and length/height at corrected age (CA) 40 weeks, CA 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months, 18 months, and 24 months were extracted and converted to z-scores based on the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. According to the intrauterine growth status, infants were divided into small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate for gestational age (AGA), and large for gestational age (LGA) infants. Changes of z-score were used to describe the growth velocity. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was used to analyze growth trajectory trends over time.ResultsBody weight and length/height were overall above the WHO standards during the first 2 years of life. Z-score increased significantly by 0.08 (95% CI: 0.06–0.10) in weight and 0.07 (95% CI: 0.04–0.09) in length/height from CA 40 weeks to 3 months and then levelled off until CA 24 months after adjustment. Almost 90% of AGA and LGA infants achieved growth targets (≥25th percentile of WHO standards), and over 85% of SGA infants achieved catch-up growth (≥10th percentile of WHO standards) before CA 24 months. However, the risk of overweight appeared during this period, with the proportion of infants with the risk of overweight being at the peak at CA 3 months (25.6% of all preterm infants and 39.4% of LGA infants). Growth trajectories of SGA showed increasing trends, but those of LGA showed decreasing trends during the first 2 years.ConclusionsBody weight and length/height of preterm infants are above the WHO standards in the Chinese community population during the first 2 years of life. Catch-up growth is accompanied by risk of overweight as early as CA 3 months.(349 words)
Paraventricular Calcitonin Receptor–Expressing Neurons Modulate Energy Homeostasis in Male Mice
Authors: Gonzalez Ian E , Ramirez-Matias Julliana , Lu Chunxia , Pan Warren , Zhu Allen , Myers Martin G , Olson David P 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) is a heterogeneous collection of neurons that play important roles in modulating feeding and energy expenditure. Abnormal development or ablation of the PVH results in hyperphagic obesity and defects in energy expenditure whereas selective activation of defined PVH neuronal populations can suppress feeding and may promote energy expenditure. Here, we characterize the contribution of calcitonin receptor–expressing PVH neurons (CalcRPVH) to energy balance control. We used Cre-dependent viral tools delivered stereotaxically to the PVH of CalcR2Acre mice to activate, silence, and trace CalcRPVH neurons and determine their contribution to body weight regulation. Immunohistochemistry of fluorescently-labeled CalcRPVH neurons demonstrates that CalcRPVH neurons are largely distinct from several PVH neuronal populations involved in energy homeostasis; these neurons project to regions of the hindbrain that are implicated in energy balance control, including the nucleus of the solitary tract and the parabrachial nucleus. Acute activation of CalcRPVH neurons suppresses feeding without appreciably augmenting energy expenditure, whereas their silencing leads to obesity that may be due in part due to loss of PVH melanocortin-4 receptor signaling. These data show that CalcRPVH neurons are an essential component of energy balance neurocircuitry and their function is important for body weight maintenance. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms by which CalcRPVH neurons modulate energy balance might identify novel therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention of obesity.
Ein Spaziergang durch 2100 Jahre Geschichte
Authors: Bargetzi Dagmar , Hagendorn Andrea , Lassau Guido 
Published: April 2021

Der Münsterhügel ist mit seiner über 3000 Jahre langen Besiedlungsgeschichte das historische Herzstück Basels. Seine strategisch und verkehrsgeografisch hervorragende Lage am Rheinknie bot den Bewohnern Schutz und liess das Hügelplateau bereits im 1. Jahrhundert v. Chr. zu einem Ort der Repräsentation von Macht und Wohlstand werden.
Auf dem Münsterhügel ist Jahrtausende alte Geschichte in ihrer Vielfalt erlebbar. Die Archäologischen Informationsstellen auf dem Münsterhügel lassen sich im Rahmen eines archäologischen Spazierganges besuchen. Sie werden in diesem Beitrag ausführlich vorgestellt.
RevospECT® PRO Software for Automated Interpretation of Results and Automatic Tracking of Defects during Eddy Current Inspection of Heat Exchangers
Authors: Shorikov Denis , Melnikova Aleksandra 
Published: April 2021

The eddy current NDT method has been successfully used at Russian nuclear power plants for more than 20 years, but there are still problems with assessing the reliability of the results.
Software product of Zetec Inc. (USA) RevospECT® Pro allows you to automatically analyze and compare the monitoring results of the same object, obtained at different times, which allows you to track the development of defects. Thanks to a unique system for collecting and analyzing information, its ability to self-study, RevospECT® Pro is able to make decisions on its own, replacing the level II specialist in full.
Appraisals in Non-Destructive and Destructive Testing in the Field of Nuclear Energy Use
Authors: Kalinin Andrey , Kobernik Aleksandra , Krusser Tatyana 
Published: April 2021

The general questions raised at the beginning of the article are the relevant developments in the performance appraisal system in the field of nuclear industry and positive development’s tendencies in comparison with previously adopted concepts of the performance appraisal system. The article examines processes, which are currently in force in the nuclear industry. Furthermore, the requirements for workers «with the right to carry out qualification» are provided.
The statistics of performance appraisal, which was collected since the inception of the performance appraisal system, is provided in this article. Moreover, there are considered types of professional qualification and methods of destructive and nondestructive testing assigned by relevance.
Requirements for Accreditation (Appraisal) of NDT Laboratories in Nuclear Power Industry
Authors: Polkovnikov Aleksey 
Published: April 2021

In the nuclear power industry, there are various requirements for NDT laboratories depending on the type of work performed. The article reviews the following types of appraisal: 1) laboratory appraisal at the head materials science organization; 2) appraisal of NDT laboratories during the construction of nuclear power plants; 3) evaluation of the measurement condition in testing laboratories; accreditation of testing laboratories for product conformity assessment.
The study concludes that presence of various requirements for NDT laboratories in the nuclear power industry introduces a certain ambiguity in obtaining the needed certificates
THE CURRENT AGRI-FOOD DILEMMA: IF THE CITY PROPOSES, DOES THE FARMLAND PROVIDE IT?
Authors: Di Giacomo Maria Gemma Grillotti , De Felice Pierluigi 
Published: April 2021

For decades, the city has created food models by requiring the countryside to meet the growing demand with increasingly more homologated crop reconversions and increasingly vast and competitive farms. The current acceleration of the land concentration process and the dramatic experience of the COVID 19 pandemic have, however, forced us to redefine the city-country relationship, which has been called into question for some years now in various FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) and EU (European Union) documents. Based on the GECOAGRI-LANDITALY (Comparative Geography of Agricultural Areas European and non-European) survey itinerary, a proven tool for reading local peculiarities, the authors show how easy it is to recognize which farmlands can best fulfil the role of guaranteeing food safety and protecting the quality and typicality of traditional foods. The final proposal is to start a new agri-food policy that no longer starts from the demand formulated by the city but, reversing the direction of the old relationship, it starts from the availability of products offered by the countryside to re-educate consumption and promote the sustainability of agricultural practices.
Mit agilen Blended Learning-Methoden erfolgreich durch die Pandemie: Was Unternehmen von den Hochschulen lernen können
Authors: Kätzel Charlotte , Durst Carolin 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Corona-Krise hat immer noch massive Auswirkungen auf das Gros der gesellschaftlichen Bereiche – auch auf den der schulischen und universitären Bildung. In diesem Zusammenhang gab es bereits vielfältige Diskussionen in deren Rahmen dem deutschen Bildungssektor häufig angekreidet wurde, er sei nicht in der Lage, einer Pandemie dieses Ausmaßes derzeit eine adäquate Reaktion entgegenzusetzen, die nicht nur den Schutz der Lernenden, sondern auch deren schulisches bzw. universitäres Vorankommen sicherstellt.Dabei mangelt es den Bildungseinrichtungen angesichts der Umsetzung einer funktionierenden digitalen Lehre oft nicht nur an einer geeigneten IT-Infrastruktur, sondern auch an entsprechend ausgebildeten Dozenten sowie den richtigen didaktischen Methoden und Tools.Dass digitales Lehren, Lernen und Zusammenarbeiten aber auch funktionieren kann, zeigt dieser Beitrag anhand des Beispiels des neuen Master-Studiengangs Digital Marketing an der Hochschule Ansbach für angewandte Wissenschaften. Mit der Hilfe von agilen Blended Learning Methoden konnte der Studiengang nicht nur erfolgreich trotz der Erschwernisse des Corona-Wintersemesters 2020/21 eingeführt werden, sondern auch eine sichere und effektive Lehr-Lern-Situation für die Studierenden und Lehrenden etabliert werden. Digitale Vorträge, Workshops und Präsentationen sind auch für Unternehmen zum New Normal geworden. Wie Unternehmen von den die angewandten Strategien und eingesetzten Tools der Hochschule Ansbach profitieren können, zeigt dieser Beitrag.
Seroprevalence of chikungunya virus infection among HIV-infected adults in French Caribbean Islands of Martinique and Guadeloupe in 2015: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Curlier Elodie , Fagour Laurence , Herrmann-Storck Cécile , Staelen Adrien , Vingadassalom Ingrid , Breurec Sébastien , Abel Sylvie , Pierre-François Sandrine , Jean-Marie Janick , Laouénan Cédric , Césaire Raymond , Hoen Bruno , Cabié André 
Published: April 2021

Background
In 2014, a first outbreak of chikungunya hit the Caribbean area where chikungunya virus (CHIKV) had never circulated before.

Methodology/Principal findings
We conducted a cross-sectional study to measure the seroprevalence of CHIKV immediately after the end of the 2014 outbreak in HIV-infected people followed up in two clinical cohorts at the University hospitals of Guadeloupe and Martinique. Study patients were identified during the first months of 2015 and randomly selected to match the age and sex distribution of the general population in the two islands. They were invited to complete a survey that explored the symptoms consistent with chikungunya they could have developed during 2014 and to have a blood sample drawn for CHIKV serology.
The study population consisted of 377 patients (198 in Martinique and 179 in Guadeloupe, 178 men and 199 women), 182 of whom reported they had developed symptoms consistent with chikungunya. CHIKV serology was positive in 230 patients, which accounted for an overall seroprevalence rate of 61% [95%CI 56–66], with only 153 patients who reported symptoms consistent with chikungunya. Most frequent symptoms included arthralgia (94.1%), fever (73.2%), myalgia (53.6%), headache (45.8%), and skin rash (26.1%).

Conclusions/Significance
This study showed that the seroprevalence of CHIKV infection was 61% after the 2014 outbreak, with one third of asymptomatic infections.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT 02553369.
A fenomenologia e a história de vida
Authors: Brancatti Paulo Roberto , Portela Rinaldi Renata 
Published: April 2021

A Fenomenologia e a História de Vida
Resumo: A fenomenologia é uma corrente filosófica, caracterizada pelo estudo aprofundado de um determinado fenômeno, pois, a priori, o que se apresenta à mente das pessoas, vem em forma difusa ou em forma de aparência. Compreendendo-a em uma perspectiva que prioriza o ser-no-mundo, contextualizado com sua história, cultura, linguagem e movimento humano. Em vista disso, o presente artigo pretende compreender o entrecruzamento da fenomenologia e do método de História de vida, com intuito de vislumbrar a contribuições para o processo educacional e suas nuances pelas ciências de forma dialética com as contradições do sujeito em relação a sua formação acadêmica.Palavras-chave: Fenomenologia. História de vida. Formação de professor.
Phenomenology and the history of life
Abstract: Phenomenology is a philosophical current, characterized by the depth study of a certain phenomenon, because, mainly, what appears to people’s mind, comes in a diffuse form or in the form of appearance. Comprehending it in a perspective that prioritizes the being-in-the-world, contextualized with its history, culture, language and human movement. Because of it, this article intends to understand the intertwining of the phenomenology and the method of Life history, with the intention of gleaming contributions to the educational process and its nuances by the sciences in dialectical form with the contradictions of the subject in relation to his academic formation.Keywords: Phenomenology. Life's history. Teacher training.
La fenomenología y la historia de vida
Resumen: La fenomenología es una corriente filosófica, caracterizada por el estudio profundo de un determinado fenómeno, ya que, principalmente, lo que parece a la mente de las personas, se presenta en forma difusa o en forma de apariencia. Comprenderlo en una perspectiva que prioriza el ser en el mundo, contextualizado con su historia, cultura, lenguaje y movimiento humano. Por ello, este artículo pretende comprender el entrelazamiento de la fenomenología y el método de la historia de la vida, con la intención de aportar contribuciones al proceso educativo y sus matices de las ciencias en forma dialéctica con las contradicciones del tema en relación con su formación académica.Palabras clave: Fenomenología. La historia de la vida. Formación del profesorado.
Data de registro: 16/06/2020Data de aceite: 26/11/2020