bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyarteritis Nodosa: A Systematic Review of Test Accuracy and Benefits and Harms of Common Treatments
Authors: Lin Yih Chang , Kalot Mohamad A. , Husainat Nedaa M. , Byram Kevin , Dua Anisha B. , James Karen E. , Springer Jason M. , Turgunbaev Marat , Villa‐Forte Alexandra , Abril Andy , Langford Carol , Maz Mehrdad , Chung Sharon A. , Mustafa Reem A. 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveThe object of this study was to analyze the benefits and harms of different treatment options and to analyze test accuracy used in the evaluation of patients with primary systemic polyarteritis nodosa (PAN).MethodsA systematic search of published English‐language literature was performed in Ovid Medline, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from the inception of each database through August 2019. Articles were screened for suitability in addressing patient, intervention, comparison, and outcome questions, with studies presenting the highest level of evidence given preference.ResultsOf 137 articles selected for data abstraction, we analyzed 21 observational studies and seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The results showed indirect evidence that a deep skin biopsy provides good diagnostic accuracy. A combined nerve and muscle biopsy should be obtained for patients with PAN with peripheral neuropathy. Cyclophosphamide with high‐dose glucocorticoids (GCs) is effective as an induction treatment for newly diagnosed active and severe PAN. GC monotherapy is adequate in the majority of patients with nonsevere PAN, although it has a high relapse rate with GC taper. There was insufficient data in determining the optimal duration of non‐GC and GC maintenance therapy. Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors are effective treatment for patients with deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) with stroke and vasculitis manifestations.ConclusionThis comprehensive systematic review synthesizes and evaluates the harms and benefits of different treatment options and the accuracy of commonly used tests for the diagnosis of systemic PAN. Data for diagnosis and management of PAN and DADA2 are mostly limited to observational studies. More high‐quality RCTs are needed.
Manipulating the Crystallization Kinetics by Additive Engineering toward High‐Efficient Photovoltaic Performance
Authors: Song Jingnan , Hu Qin , Zhang Quanzeng , Xiong Shaobing , Zhao Zhe , Ali Jazib , Zou Yecheng , Feng Wei , Yang Zhibin , Bao Qinye , Zhang Yongming , Russell Thomas P. , Liu Feng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAdditive processing is proven to be an effective method to improve the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells; however, its intrinsic role in directing the crystallization pathway and thus morphology formation remains unknown. In situ grazing‐incidence wide‐angle x‐ray scattering (GIWAXS) is applied to study the function of a 1,8‐diiodooctane (DIO) additive in manipulating the crystallization behavior of perovskite thin films. It is seen that the DIO additive could induce multi‐stage intermediate crystallization phases and increases the activation energy for nucleation and growth, which postpones the perovskite phase transformation time and broadens the transition zone. The elongated crystallization process affords improved perovskite thin film crystallinity and reduces defect density, which enables a longer carrier diffusion length. As a result, improved device efficiency, moisture, and thermal stability can be achieved. The current study provides a new prospective in understanding the additive function in perovskite thin film morphology control from fundamental parameters, indicating the importance of minor processing conditions in global property management toward high device performance.
Cell‐Laden Gradient Hydrogel Scaffolds for Neovascularization of Engineered Tissues
Authors: He Yusheng J. , Santana Martin F. , Staneviciute Austeja , Pimentel Marja B. , Yang Feipeng , Goes Jacob , Kawaji Keigo , Vaicik Marcella K. , Abdulhadi Rayan , Hibino Narutoshi , Papavasiliou Georgia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGradients in mechanical properties, physical architecture and biochemical composition exist in a variety of complex tissues, yet 3D in vitro models that enable investigation of these cues on cellular processes, especially those contributing to vascularization of engineered tissues are limited. Here, a photopolymerization approach to create cell‐laden hydrogel biomaterials with decoupled and combined gradients in modulus, immobilized cell adhesive peptide (RGD) concentration, and proteolytic degradation enabling spatial encapsulation of vascular spheroids is reported to elucidate their impact on vascular sprouting in 3D culture. Vascular spheroids encapsulated in these gradient scaffolds exhibit spatial variations in total sprout length. Scaffolds presenting an immobilized RGD gradient promote biased vascular sprouting toward increasing RGD concentration. Importantly, biased sprouting is found to be dependent on immobilized RGD gradient characteristics, including magnitude and slope, with increases in these factors contributing to significant enhancements in biased sprouting responses. Conversely, reduction in biased sprouting responses is observed in combined gradient scaffolds possessing opposing gradients in RGD and modulus. The presented work is the first to demonstrate the use of a cell‐laden biomaterial platform to systematically investigate the role of multiple scaffold gradients as well as gradient slope, magnitude and orientation on vascular sprouting responses in 3D culture.
2D Nanomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Nanomedicines: Recent Advances and Future Challenges
Authors: Zheng Yuanyuan , Hong Xiangqian , Wang Jiantao , Feng Longbao , Fan Taojian , Guo Rui , Zhang Han 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRegenerative medicine has become one of the hottest research topics in medical science that provides a promising way for repairing tissue defects in the human body. Due to their excellent physicochemical properties, the application of 2D nanomaterials in regenerative medicine has gradually developed and has been attracting a wide range of research interests in recent years. In particular, graphene and its derivatives, black phosphorus, and transition metal dichalcogenides are applied in all the aspects of tissue engineering to replace or restore tissues. This review focuses on the latest advances in the application of 2D‐nanomaterial‐based hydrogels, nanosheets, or scaffolds that are engineered to repair skin, bone, and cartilage tissues. Reviews on other applications, including cardiac muscle regeneration, skeletal muscle repair, nerve regeneration, brain disease treatment, and spinal cord healing are also provided. The challenges and prospects of applications of 2D nanomaterials in regenerative medicine are discussed.
Photocrosslinked, Tunable Protein Vesicles for Drug Delivery Applications
Authors: Li Yirui , Champion Julie A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecombinant proteins have emerged as promising building blocks for vesicle self‐assembly because of their versatility through genetic manipulation and biocompatibility. Vesicles composed of thermally responsive elastin‐like polypeptide (ELP) fusion proteins encapsulate cargo during assembly. However, vesicle stability in physiological environments remains a significant challenge for biofunctional applications. Here, incorporation of an unnatural amino acid, para‐azido phenylalanine, into the ELP domain is reported to enable photocrosslinking of protein vesicles and tuning of vesicle size and swelling. The size of the vesicles can be tuned by changing ELP hydrophobicity and ionic strength. Protein vesicles are assessed for their ability to encapsulate doxorubicin and dually deliver doxorubicin and fluorescent protein in vitro as a proof of concept. The resulting photocrosslinkable vesicles made from full‐sized, functional proteins show high potential in drug delivery applications, especially for small molecule/protein combination therapies or targeted therapies.
Realizing an All‐Round Hydrogel Electrolyte toward Environmentally Adaptive Dendrite‐Free Aqueous Zn–MnO2 Batteries
Authors: Chen Minfeng , Chen Jizhang , Zhou Weijun , Han Xiang , Yao Yagang , Wong Ching‐Ping 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFlexible energy storage devices are at the forefront of next‐generation power supplies, one of the most important components of which is the gel electrolyte. However, shortcomings exist, more or less, for all the currently developed hydrogel electrolytes. Herein, a facile and cost‐effective method is developed to construct an all‐round hydrogel electrolyte by using cotton as the raw material, tetraethyl orthosilicate as the crosslinker, and glycerol as the antifreezing agent. The obtained hydrogel electrolyte has high ionic conductivity, excellent mechanical properties (e.g., high tensile strength and elasticity), ultralow freezing point, good self‐healing ability, high adhesion, and good heat‐resistance ability. Remarkably, this hydrogel electrolyte can provide a record‐breaking high ionic conductivity of 19.4 mS cm−1 at −40 °C compared with previously reported aqueous electrolytes for zinc‐ion batteries. In addition, this hydrogel electrolyte can significantly inhibit zinc dendritic growth and parasitic side reactions from −40 to 60 °C. With this hydrogel electrolyte, a flexible quasi‐solid‐state Zn–MnO2 battery is assembled, which shows remarkable energy densities from −40 to 60 °C. The battery also exhibits outstanding cycling durability and has high endurance under various harsh conditions. This work opens new opportunities for the development of hydrogel electrolytes.
Increasing the Possibilities of TEMPO‐Mediated Oxidation in the Production of Cellulose Nanofibers by Reducing the Reaction Time and Reusing the Reaction Medium
Authors: Sanchez‐Salvador Jose Luis , Campano Cristina , Negro Carlos , Monte M. Concepcion , Blanco Angeles 
Published: January 2021

Abstract2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO)‐mediated oxidation of cellulose is the most effective pretreatment to obtain highly fibrillated cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). However, the associated environmental impact and the high operational costs have limited its implementation at large scale. This study aims to improve the effectiveness of this pretreatment by reducing the oxidation time and reusing the reaction medium, with the ultimate objective of upscaling a more viable sustainable process. The results show the possibility of reducing the reaction time by 85% and 60% in the case of cotton and eucalyptus pulps, respectively, without altering the properties of the obtained CNFs (carboxyl groups, nanofibrillation yield, cationic demand, and morphology). The reuse of 75% of the reaction medium for ten cycles, do not alter the properties of the CNFs either. With this approach, the consumption of TEMPO and NaBr is reduced by 67%, while that of NaClO is decreased by 42% and 22% in the oxidation of cotton and eucalyptus cellulose, respectively. At the same time, the environmental concerns derived from the disposal of the catalysts are considerably reduced.
Generation of Nanodroplet Reactors and Their Applications in In Situ Controllable Synthesis and Transportation of Ag Nanoparticles
Authors: Lin Guanhua , Wang Haifei , Lu Wensheng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNanodroplets have been paid great attention as they are crucial for a wide range of physical, chemical, and biological applications. In this paper, monodispersed nanodroplets are prepared and their directed motions are realized through conducting the formation of nonuniform structures via altering the ionic distribution within; all these dynamics have been observed by using in situ transmission electron microscopy liquid cell technology. It has been found that their transformation from random motion to directed motion is reversible. Moreover, combining multiple directed motions enables long‐distance travel with directed motion taking up 95% of the total time. The results here also prove that aqueous nanodroplets can slide directionally on the hydrophilic surface like droplets sliding on hydrophobic surface. Furthermore, the authors successfully achieve the unidirectional transportation of in situ prepared Ag nanoparticles by using the nanodroplets as nanoreactor, carrier, and transporter. The size and number of as‐prepared Ag nanoparticles can be quantitatively controlled. In summary, this research provides a new strategy for real‐time generation and precise manipulation of aqueous nanodroplets. Together with the quantitatively controllable in situ synthesis of Ag nanoparticles within the nanodroplets, this work can prove their promising applications in many fields.
PADI2‐Catalyzed MEK1 Citrullination Activates ERK1/2 and Promotes IGF2BP1‐Mediated SOX2 mRNA Stability in Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Xue Teng , Liu Xiaoqiu , Zhang Mei , E Qiukai , Liu Shuting , Zou Maosheng , Li Ying , Ma Zhinan , Han Yun , Thompson Paul , Zhang Xuesen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPeptidylarginine deiminase II (PADI2) converts positively charged arginine residues to neutrally charged citrulline, and this activity has been associated with the onset and progression of multiple cancers. However, a role for PADI2 in endometrial cancer (EC) has not been previously explored. This study demonstrates that PADI2 is positively associated with EC proregression. Mechanistically, PADI2 interacting and catalyzing MEK1 citrullination at arginine 113/189 facilitates MEK1 on extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation, which activates insulin‐like growth factor‐II binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) expression. Furthermore, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA stability analyses reveal that IGF2BP1 binds to the m6A sites in SOX2‐3′UTR to prevent SOX2 mRNA degradation. Dysregulation of IGF2BP1 by PADI2/MEK1/ERK signaling results in abnormal accumulation of oncogenic SOX2 expression, therefore supporting the malignant state of EC. Finally, PADI2 gene silencing, inhibiting MEK1 citrullination by PADI2 inhibitor, or mutation of MEK1 R113/189 equally inhibits EC progression. These data demonstrate that PADI2‐catalyzed MEK1 R113/189 citrullination is a critical diver for EC malignancies and suggest that targeting PADI2/MEK1 can be a potential therapeutic approach in patients with EC.
Promoting the Reversible Oxygen Redox Reaction of Li‐Excess Layered Cathode Materials with Surface Vanadium Cation Doping
Authors: Lee Yongju , Shin Jaewook , Kang Hyeonmuk , Lee Daehee , Kim Tae‐Hee , Kwon Young‐Kyun , Cho EunAe 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLi‐excess layered cathode (LLC) materials have a high theoretical specific capacity of 250 mAh g−1 induced by transition metal (cationic) and oxygen (anionic) redox activity. Especially, the oxygen redox reaction related to the activation of the Li2MnO3 domain plays the crucial role of providing a high specific capacity. However, it also induces an irreversible oxygen release and accelerates the layered‐to‐spinel phase transformation and capacity fading. Here, it is shown that surface doping of vanadium (V5+) cations into LLC material suppresses both the irreversible oxygen release and undesirable phase transformation, resulting in the improvement of capacity retention. The V‐doped LLC shows a high discharge capacity of 244.3 ± 0.8 mAh g−1 with 92% retention after 100 cycles, whereas LLC delivers 233.6 ± 1.1 mAh g−1 with 74% retention. Furthermore, the average discharge voltage of V‐doped LLC drops by only 0.33 V after 100 cycles, while LLC exhibits 0.43 V of average discharge voltage drop. Experimental and theoretical investigations indicate that doped V‐doping increase the transition metal–oxygen (TMO) covalency and affect the oxidation state of peroxo‐like (O2)n− species during the delithiation process. The role of V‐doping to make the oxygen redox reversible in LLC materials for high‐energy density Li‐ion batteries is illustrated here.
Precision Surface Microtopography Regulates Cell Fate via Changes to Actomyosin Contractility and Nuclear Architecture
Authors: Carthew James , Abdelmaksoud Hazem H. , Hodgson‐Garms Margeaux , Aslanoglou Stella , Ghavamian Sara , Elnathan Roey , Spatz Joachim P. , Brugger Juergen , Thissen Helmut , Voelcker Nicolas H. , Cadarso Victor J. , Frith Jessica E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCells are able to perceive complex mechanical cues from their microenvironment, which in turn influences their development. Although the understanding of these intricate mechanotransductive signals is evolving, the precise roles of substrate microtopography in directing cell fate is still poorly understood. Here, UV nanoimprint lithography is used to generate micropillar arrays ranging from 1 to 10 µm in height, width, and spacing to investigate the impact of microtopography on mechanotransduction. Using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a model, stark pattern‐specific changes in nuclear architecture, lamin A/C accumulation, chromatin positioning, and DNA methyltransferase expression, are demonstrated. MSC osteogenesis is also enhanced specifically on micropillars with 5 µm width/spacing and 5 µm height. Intriguingly, the highest degree of osteogenesis correlates with patterns that stimulated maximal nuclear deformation which is shown to be dependent on myosin‐II‐generated tension. The outcomes determine new insights into nuclear mechanotransduction by demonstrating that force transmission across the nuclear envelope can be modulated by substrate topography, and that this can alter chromatin organisation and impact upon cell fate. These findings have potential to inform the development of microstructured cell culture substrates that can direct cell mechanotransduction and fate for therapeutic applications in both research and clinical sectors.
Cytosolic Delivery of Thiolated Neoantigen Nano‐Vaccine Combined with Immune Checkpoint Blockade to Boost Anti‐Cancer T Cell Immunity
Authors: Zhang Da , Lin Ziguo , Wu Ming , Cai Zhixiong , Zheng Youshi , He Lei , Li Zhenli , Zhou Jie , Sun Liqin , Chen Geng , Zeng Yongyi , Li Juan , Liu Jingfeng , Yang Huanghao , Liu Xiaolong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlthough tumor‐specific neoantigen‐based cancer vaccines hold tremendous potential, it still faces low cross‐presentation associated with severe degradation via endocytosis pathway. Herein, a thiolated nano‐vaccine allowing direct cytosolic delivery of neoantigen and Toll like receptor 9 agonist CpG‐ODN is developed. This approach is capable of bypassing the endo‐/lysosome degradation, increasing uptake and local concentration of neoantigen and CpG‐ODN to activate antigen‐presenting cells, significantly strengthening the anti‐cancer T‐cell immunity. In vivo immunization with thiolated nano‐vaccine enhanced the lymph organ homing and promoted the antigen presentation on dendritic cells, effectively inhibited tumor growth, and significantly prolonged the survival of H22‐bearing mice. Strikingly, further combination of the thiolated nano‐vaccine with anti‐programmed cell death protein‐1 antibody (αPD‐1) could efficiently reverse immunosuppression and enhance response rate of tumors, which led to enhanced tumor elimination, complete prevention of tumor re‐challenge, and long‐term survival above 150 d. Collectively, a versatile methodology to design cancer vaccines for strengthening anti‐cancer T‐cell immunity in solid tumors is presented, which could be further remarkably enhanced by combining with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Recent Advances in GaN‐Based Power HEMT Devices
Authors: He Jiaqi , Cheng Wei‐Chih , Wang Qing , Cheng Kai , Yu Hongyu , Chai Yang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe ever‐increasing power density and operation frequency in electrical power conversion systems require the development of power devices that can outperform conventional Si‐based devices. Gallium nitride (GaN) has been regarded as the candidate for next‐generation power devices to improve the conversion efficiency in high‐power electric systems. GaN‐based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with normally‐off operation is an important device structure for different application scenarios. In this review, an overview of a series of effective approaches to improve the performance of GaN‐based power HEMT devices is given. Modified epistructures are presented to suppress defects and current leakage, and low‐damage recess‐free processes are discussed in fabricating normally‐off HEMTs. Possible effects of dielectrics on a metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) structure are also intensively introduced. Metal/semiconductor contact engineering is investigated, and fabrication of Au‐free ohmic contact and graphene insertion layer to enhance the device performance is emphasized. Finally, the effects of field plates are studied through the use of simulated and fabricated devices.
Metal‐Free Organic Halide Perovskite: A New Class for Next Optoelectronic Generation Devices
Authors: Song Xin , Hodes Gary , Zhao Kui , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEven though the metal‐halide perovskites are attracting ever‐increasing interest for their breakthrough efficiencies in photovoltaics, light‐emitting diodes (LED), X‐ray imaging, and general optoelectronics, it was not until very recently that metal‐free halide perovskites become recognized, not only for their good optoelectronic performance, but also for their wide chemical diversity, tunability, lightweight, mechanical flexibility, and eco‐friendly processability. The community is turning their attention to these lightweight semiconductors, and promising results have been achieved in the initial evaluation of crystal structure and a range of properties including ferroelectric and optoelectronic properties. In this review, the crystal structure and synthesis of these materials are discussed together with the various properties that have been studied for these materials. Future prospects are further discussed for chemical diversity, structure tunability, synthetic process, potential properties, optoelectronic, and energy‐related applications.
Historical trends of residential water use in California: Effects of droughts and conservation policies
Authors: Lee Juhee , Nemati Mehdi , Dinar Ariel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractConservation efforts to reduce residential water use have a long history in California. This article examines residential water use changes, measured by gallons per capita per day (GPCD), using a comprehensive monthly panel dataset of California's public water agencies during 1994–2019. We find that, on average, GPCD was reduced by 34% in 2019 when compared to 1994 levels. Controlling for the region, water source, and water agency characteristics suggest significant differences in policy performance. The differential effectiveness of conservation policies indicates a need to consider policy differentiation based on the agencies' objective and subjective conditions.
Single‐Molecule Counting Coupled to Rapid Amplification Enables Detection of α‐Synuclein Aggregates in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Parkinson's Disease Patients
Authors: Bhumkar Akshay , Magnan Chloe , Lau Derrick , Jun Eugene Soh Wei , Dzamko Nicolas , Gambin Yann , Sierecki Emma 
Published: January 2021

Abstractα‐Synuclein aggregation is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease and a promising biomarker for early detection and assessment of disease progression. The prospect of a molecular test for Parkinson's disease is materializing with the recent developments of detection methods based on amplification of synuclein seeds (e.g. RT‐QuIC or PMCA). Here we adapted single‐molecule counting methods for the detection of α‐synuclein aggregates in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), using a simple 3D printed microscope. Single‐molecule methods enable to probe the early events in the amplification process used in RT‐QuIC and a precise counting of ThT‐positive aggregates. Importantly, the use of single‐molecule counting also allows a refined characterization of the samples and fingerprinting of the protein aggregates present in CSF of patients. The fingerprinting of size and reactivity of individual aggregate shows a unique signature for each PD patients compared to controls and may provide new insights on synucleinopathies in the future.