bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metal Versus Plastic Stents for Pancreatic Fluid Collection Drainage
Authors: Zhou Xianzhu , Lin Han , Su Xiaoju , Zhang Pingping , Fu Chunting , Kong Xiangyu , Jin Zhendong , Li Zhaoshen , Du Yiqi , Zhu Huiyun 
Published: April 2021

Objectives:
The therapeutic efficacy of metal stents (MSs) for pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) is invariably controversial. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis to summarize the results of efficacy of MSs and plastic stents (PSs) in PFC drainage.

Subjects and Methods:
We performed a literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and COCHRANE for all of the published studies regarding the use of MSs and PSs for endoscopic transmural drainage of PFCs from January, 1 2015 to June 1, 2020. We extracted data from 9 studies (1359 patients) that met the inclusion criteria. The main outcome measures were the rates of treatment success, including technique success and clinical success (CS), adverse events, recurrence, procedure time, and length of hospital stay (LOS).

Results:
There was no difference in overall technique success between patients treated with MSs and PSs for PFCs. However, MSs showed a higher CS rate 92% versus 82% (P<0.01) and a lower overall adverse event rate 20% versus 31% (P<0.01) than PSs. The recurrence rate of PFCs using MSs also had significant advantages over PSs 3% versus 10% (P<0.01) and MSs needed a shorter procedure time than PSs (26.73 vs. 45.40 min, P<0.01). In comparing direct endoscopic necrosectomy use and LOS, there was no difference between MSs and PSs.

Conclusions:
Bringing together the results of the current study, endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of PFCs using MSs may be superior to PSs in terms of CS, adverse events rates and recurrence rate, with similar LOS and direct endoscopic necrosectomy use.
The Benefit of a Couple-Based Intervention Among Women in Active Cancer Treatment on Sexual Concerns
Authors: Jonsdottir Jona Ingibjorg , Vilhjalmsson Runar , Svavarsdottir Erla Kolbrun 
Published: April 2021

Background
Sexuality-related problems are common in women with cancer, threatening their sexual well-being and intimate relationships. Evidence-based interventions addressing the full range of sexual concerns among women in active cancer treatment are scarce.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits of a novel couple-based intervention focusing on sexual concerns among women undergoing cancer treatment, including a subgroup of women with breast cancer. A secondary aim was to assess changes in illness intrusiveness in daily life.

Methods
A quasi-experimental single-group pre-post follow-up design was used. The study was initially planned as a randomized controlled trial with waitlist control group receiving delayed intervention. However, substantial differences were observed in clinical and demographic variables between the treatment group and control group, resulting in using a single-group pre-post follow-up design. The intervention consists of 3 advanced nurse-led, face-to-face couple-based sessions supported by access to web-based information.

Results
Women in active cancer treatment participated in the study (n = 60) together with their partners (n = 60). The main results showed significant differences between time points in the outcome measures for concerns related to the sexual adverse effects of cancer treatment (T1 vs T2, and T2 vs T3), sexual concerns related to the women’s partners (T1 vs T2), and for concerns related to communication with healthcare providers about sexuality-related issues (T1 vs T2). No significant changes were found over time with respect to illness interference on the intimacy or instrumental subscales.

Conclusions
The results demonstrated that the approach of 3 couple-based therapeutic conversations is beneficial in reducing sexual concerns among women in active cancer treatment.

Implications for Practice
Advanced nurse practitioners can develop and offer brief psychoeducational support that is helpful in reducing sexual concerns among women in active cancer treatment.
Endoscopic Thyroidectomy With Level Vb Dissection Via a Chest-breast Approach: Technical Updates for Selective Lateral Neck Dissection
Authors: Huo Jinlong , Guo Youming , Hu Xiaochi , Chen Xin , Liu Wei , Luo Libo , Shen Shuang , Qu Rui 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
To determine the feasibility of endoscopic thyroidectomy with level Vb dissection using a chest-breast approach.

Methods:
Lateral neck level Vb dissection by endoscopic surgery using a chest-breast approach was performed as an update to the previously reported endoscopic selective lateral neck dissection. The demographic data, surgical outcomes, and adverse events were analyzed.

Results:
A total of 12 cases were performed successfully, and no patient was converted to the open procedure. The sex ratio was 16/2 (female/male). The average age and primary lesion diameter were 36.3±5.8 years old, and 1.97±0.58 cm, respectively. The average total and lateral lymph nodes dissection time of duration was 154.6±17.0 and 276.3±19.2 minutes, respectively. The lymph node ratio (mean number of metastasis/total number of dissected nodes) at levels II, III+IV, VI, and Vb were 1.6±1.4/6.8±2.0, 5.8±2.4/14.4±3.6, 3.2±1.1/6.5±1.9, and 0.8±0.9/5.8±1.6, respectively. One of 12 patients had lymphatic leakage and 2 of 12 patients had transient hypocalcemia. There was no incidence of uncontrolled bleeding, mental nerve injury, permanent hypoparathyroidism, permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, skin bruise on neck, infection, asphyxia/dyspnea, large blood vessel injury or other complications like tracheal injury, esophageal injury, etc., nor was there any death or recurrence in either of the 2 groups during a short follow-up period.

Conclusions:
It is feasible to perform endoscopic thyroidectomy with level Vb dissection using a chest-breast approach. Such strategy represents another option for selective papillary thyroid carcinoma patients with levels II, III, IV, and Vb lymph node metastasis.
The Management of Indirect Inguinal Hernia Sac in Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair: A Systemic Review of Literature
Authors: Li Junsheng , Bao Pingqian , Shao Xiangyu , Cheng Tao 
Published: April 2021

Background:
The aim of this study is to investigate the current management strategy of indirect hernia sac during laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair.

Objectives:
The aim was to evaluate the various indirect hernia sac management strategies when performing laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair.

Data Sources:
Major databases (PubMed, Embase, Springer, and Cochrane Library).

Review Methods:
MeSH and free-text searching include “laparoscopic inguinal hernia” “TAPP,” “TEP,” “inguinal hernia,” “indirect inguinal hernia sac,” “distal sac,” “sac transection,” “sac ligation,” and “sac reduction.”

Results:
The present study enrolled 7 trials, 4 studies compared the results of indirect hernia sac transection and complete sac reduction. The pooled results indicated that indirect hernia sac transection was associated increased seroma formation (odds ratio=2.74, 95% confidence interval: 1.41-4.31), and there was no statistical difference in the incidence of postoperative pain, operative time, hernia recurrence, and time to return to normal activity between the sac transection and sac reduction groups. Two studies reported the application of adjuncts in the management of distal sac during laparoscopic large inguinoscrotal hernia repair. The seroma formation could be reduced by adjuncts of fixing the distal hernia sac to posterior abdominal wall with either suture or tacks.

Conclusion:
Indirect sac transection during laparoscopic indirect inguinal hernia repair is associated with a higher incidence of postoperative seroma. Additional adjuncts to the divided distal hernia sac, including distal sac fixation with either suture or tacks, are effective methods to prevent postoperative seroma.
Simulating digital micromirror devices for patterning coherent excitation light in structured illumination microscopy
Authors: Lachetta Mario , Sandmeyer Hauke , Sandmeyer Alice , Esch Jan Schulte am , Huser Thomas , Müller Marcel 
Published: April 2021

Digital micromirror devices (DMDs) are spatial light modulators that employ the electro-mechanical movement of miniaturized mirrors to steer and thus modulate the light reflected off a mirror array. Their wide availability, low cost and high speed make them a popular choice both in consumer electronics such as video projectors, and scientific applications such as microscopy. High-end fluorescence microscopy systems typically employ laser light sources, which by their nature provide coherent excitation light. In super-resolution microscopy applications that use light modulation, most notably structured illumination microscopy (SIM), the coherent nature of the excitation light becomes a requirement to achieve optimal interference pattern contrast. The universal combination of DMDs and coherent light sources, especially when working with multiple different wavelengths, is unfortunately not straight forward. The substructure of the tilted micromirror array gives rise to ablazed grating,which has to be understood and which must be taken into account when designing a DMD-based illumination system. Here, we present a set of simulation frameworks that explore the use of DMDs in conjunction with coherent light sources, motivated by their application in SIM, but which are generalizable to other light patterning applications. This framework provides all the tools to explore and compute DMD-based diffraction effects and to simulate possible system alignment configurations computationally, which simplifies the system design process and provides guidance for setting up DMD-based microscopes.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting ‘Super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (part 1)’.
GPU-accelerated real-time reconstruction in Python of three-dimensional datasets from structured illumination microscopy with hexagonal patterns
Authors: Gong Hai , Guo Wenjun , Neil Mark A. A. 
Published: April 2021

We present a structured illumination microscopy system that projects a hexagonal pattern by the interference among three coherent beams, suitable for implementation in a light-sheet geometry. Seven images acquired as the illumination pattern is shifted laterally can be processed to produce a super-resolved image that surpasses the diffraction-limited resolution by a factor of over 2 in an exemplar light-sheet arrangement. Three methods of processing data are discussed depending on whether the raw images are available in groups of seven, individually in a stream or as a larger batch representing a three-dimensional stack. We show that imaging axially moving samples can introduce artefacts, visible as fine structures in the processed images. However, these artefacts are easily removed by a filtering operation carried out as part of the batch processing algorithm for three-dimensional stacks. The reconstruction algorithms implemented in Python include specific optimizations for calculation on a graphics processing unit and we demonstrate its operation on experimental data of static objects and on simulated data of moving objects. We show that the software can process over 239 input raw frames per second at 512 × 512 pixels, generating over 34 super-resolved frames per second at 1024 × 1024 pixels.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (part 1)’.
Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy by line-scanning with an unmodified two-photon microscope
Authors: Pilger Christian , Pospíšil Jakub , Müller Marcel , Ruoff Martin , Schütte Martin , Spiecker Heinrich , Huser Thomas 
Published: April 2021

Fluorescence-based microscopy as one of the standard tools in biomedical research benefits more and more from super-resolution methods, which offer enhanced spatial resolution allowing insights into new biological processes. A typical drawback of using these methods is the need for new, complex optical set-ups. This becomes even more significant when using two-photon fluorescence excitation, which offers deep tissue imaging and excellent z-sectioning. We show that the generation of striped-illumination patterns in two-photon laser scanning microscopy can readily be exploited for achieving optical super-resolution and contrast enhancement using open-source image reconstruction software. The special appeal of this approach is that even in the case of a commercial two-photon laser scanning microscope no optomechanical modifications are required to achieve this modality. Modifying the scanning software with a custom-written macro to address the scanning mirrors in combination with rapid intensity switching by an electro-optic modulator is sufficient to accomplish the acquisition of two-photon striped-illumination patterns on an sCMOS camera. We demonstrate and analyse the resulting resolution improvement by applying different recently published image resolution evaluation procedures to the reconstructed filtered widefield and super-resolved images.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (part 1)'.
Insertions in SARS-CoV-2 genome caused by template switch and duplications give rise to new variants that merit monitoring
Authors: Garushyants Sofya K. , Rogozin Igor B. , Koonin Eugene V. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe appearance of multiple new SARS-CoV-2 variants during the winter of 2020-2021 is a matter of grave concern. Some of these new variants, such as B.1.617.2, B.1.1.7, and B.1.351, manifest higher infectivity and virulence than the earlier SARS-CoV-2 variants, with potential dramatic effects on the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. So far, analysis of new SARS-CoV-2 variants focused primarily on point nucleotide substitutions and short deletions that are readily identifiable by comparison to consensus genome sequences. In contrast, insertions have largely escaped the attention of researchers although the furin site insert in the spike protein is thought to be a determinant of SARS-CoV-2 virulence and other inserts might have contributed to coronavirus pathogenicity as well. Here, we investigate insertions in SARS-CoV-2 genomes and identify 347 unique inserts of different lengths. We present evidence that these inserts reflect actual virus variance rather than sequencing errors. Two principal mechanisms appear to account for the inserts in the SARS-CoV-2 genomes, polymerase slippage and template switch that might be associated with the synthesis of subgenomic RNAs. We show that inserts in the Spike glycoprotein can affect its antigenic properties and thus merit monitoring. At least, three inserts in the N-terminal domain of the Spike (ins245IME, ins246DSWG, and ins248SSLT) that were first detected in 2021 are predicted to lead to escape from neutralizing antibodies, whereas other inserts might result in escape from T-cell immunity.
Social experience alters different types of learning abilities controlled by distinct brain nuclei inKryptolebias marmoratus
Authors: Li Cheng-Yu , Kültz Dietmar , Ward Audrey K. , Earley Ryan L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFighting experiences strongly influence aggressive behavior and physiology (winner-loser effects). These effects are conserved from invertebrates to vertebrates, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Recent studies indicate that the brain social decision-making network (SDN) plays a key role in guiding experience-induced behavioral change. Also, while most studies have focused on how winning and losing experiences alter aggression, growing evidence points to these experiences driving multiple behavioral effects, including changes in the ability to learn. In mangrove rivulus fish (Kryptolebias marmoratus), we discovered that single winning experiences significantly improved spatial learning but not risk-avoidance learning, whereas single losing experiences drove the exact opposite to occur. These results provide strong evidence that winning and losing modulate diverse behaviors served by key nodes within the SDN, specifically the dorsolateral pallium (Dl; fish homolog to mammalian hippocampus, which serves spatial learning) and dorsomedial pallium (Dm; fish homolog to mammalian basolateral amygdala, which responds to fear). We therefore quantified whole-proteome expression within the forebrain (where Dm and Dl are located) of adult rivulus with divergent social experiences. We discovered 23 proteins were significantly differentially expressed in the forebrains of winners and losers. Differentially expressed proteins in losers related to modulation of cellular processes, apoptosis and learning while those in winners related to neuronal plasticity, neuroendocrine homeostasis, energy utilization, and learning. These results imply that winner-loser effects might be governed by very different patterns of protein expression, which could explain why winners and losers show such pronounced differences in behavioral performance.Significance StatementSocial interactions permeate the daily lives of most animals and often result in changes in behavior for all parties. This implies that social experiences reorganize the brain in ways that promote the expression of alternative behaviors, or that help individuals cope with the outcome of such interactions. But how do aggressive interactions sculpt the brain at the molecular level? We used an emerging model organism,Kryptolebias marmoratus, to examine whether experiences modulate learning ability and then probe the potential neural mechanisms underlying these behavioral changes. We discovered that single winning and losing experiences dramatically altered spatial learning and risk-avoidance learning, respectively, indicating that winning and losing experiences have markedly different effects on the brain and cognitive processes.ClassificationBiological Sciences, Ecology
Kinetochore-associated Mps1 regulates the strength of kinetochore-microtubule attachments via Ndc80 phosphorylation
Authors: Sarangapani Krishna K. , Koch Lori B. , Nelson Christian R. , Asbury Charles L. , Biggins Sue 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDividing cells detect and correct erroneous kinetochore-microtubule attachments during mitosis, thereby avoiding chromosome mis-segregation. Most studies of this process have focused on the Aurora B kinase, which phosphorylates microtubule-binding elements specifically at incorrectly attached kinetochores, promoting their release and providing another chance for proper attachments to form. However, growing evidence suggests additional mechanisms, potentially involving Mps1 kinase, that also underlie error correction. Because these mechanisms overlapin vivo, and because both Mps1 and Aurora B function in numerous other vital processes, their contributions to the correction of erroneous kinetochore attachments have been difficult to disentangle. Here we directly examine how Mps1 activity affects kinetochore-microtubule attachments using a reconstitution-based approach that allowed us to separate its effects from Aurora B activity. When endogenous Mps1 that co-purifies with isolated kinetochores is activatedin vitro, it weakens their attachments to microtubules via phosphorylation of Ndc80, a major microtubule-binding element of the outer kinetochore. Mps1 phosphorylation of Ndc80 appears to contribute to error correction because phospho-deficient Ndc80 mutants exhibit genetic interactions and segregation defects when combined with mutants in an intrinsic error correction pathway. In addition, Mps1 phosphorylation of Ndc80 is stimulated on kinetochores lacking tension. These data suggest that Mps1 provides an additional mechanism for correcting erroneous kinetochore-microtubule attachments, complementing the well-known activity of Aurora B.
Mechanical phenotyping of acute promyelocytic leukemia reveals unique biomechanical responses in retinoic acid-resistant populations
Authors: Li Brian , Maslan Annie , Streets Aaron M. , Sohn Lydia L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhile all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is an essential therapy in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), an aggressive subtype of acute myeloid leukemia, nearly 20% of APL patients are resistant to ATRA. As no biomarkers for ATRA resistance yet exist, we investigated whether cell mechanics could be associated with this pathological phenotype. Using mechano-node-pore sensing, a single-cell mechanical phenotyping platform, and patient-derived APL cell lines, NB4 (ATRA-sensitive) and AP-1060 (ATRA-resistant), we discovered that ATRA-resistant APL cells are less mechanically pliable. By investigating how different subcellular components of APL cells contribute to whole-cell mechanical phenotype, we determined that nuclear mechanics strongly influence an APL cell’s mechanical response. By arresting APL cells in S-phase or M-phase in the cell cycle, we found cell pliability to be inversely related to DNA content. In addition to DNA content affecting cell pliability, we observed that chromatin condensation also affects nuclear mechanics: decondensing chromatin with trichostatin A is especially effective in softening ATRA-resistant APL cells. RNA-Seq allowed us to compare the transcriptomic differences between ATRA-resistant and ATRA-responsive APL cells and highlighted gene expression changes that could be associated with mechanical changes. Overall, we demonstrate the potential of “physical” biomarkers in identifying APL resistance.
First report of the forensically important fly, Stearibia nigriceps (Diptera: Piophilidae) in South Korea: Confirmation of specimens from human corpses based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I barcodes
Authors: Kim Hajin , Martín‐Vega Daniel , Shin Sang Eon , Wang Ah Rha , Park Seong Hwan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPiophilidae are a relatively small family of Diptera that is frequently associated with cadavers at advanced stages of decomposition and are, therefore, considered potentially useful forensic indicators. However, their use in forensic investigations is typically hampered by a deficiency in reliable identification tools. This is particularly evident in countries such as South Korea, where forensic entomology is still in its infancy and the diversity of forensically relevant insect taxa remains largely undocumented. In the present study, we used cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcodes to identify samples of piophilid larvae collected during medicolegal investigations performed in South Korea. A total of 174 COI sequences were obtained and have been made publicly available, thus augmenting the reference barcode library for forensically important Piophilidae species. Of the 174 sequenced samples, 172 were identified as Stearibia nigriceps (Meigen), whereas the two remaining samples may represent a previously unsequenced piophilid species. Stearibia nigriceps is recorded from South Korea for the first time, and our results suggest that it might be a particularly relevant forensic indicator in certain case types and scenarios in that country. The findings of this study highlight the utility of COI barcodes for achieving accurate identification of entomological samples, even by non‐specialist forensic practitioners. They also contribute to the further development and consolidation of forensic entomology in South Korea and eastern Asia.