bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of adoption and intensity of improved faba bean cultivars in the central highlands of Ethiopia: a double-hurdle approach
Authors: Kassa Yehuala , Giziew Almaz , Ayalew Dereje 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Faba bean (Vicia faba. L) is the most important pulse crop both in area coverage and volume of annual production in Ethiopia. However, productivity in terms of yield in Ethiopia is still far below its potential. One important reason is that farmers are largely dependent on their local landraces. Despite the release of about 34 improved faba bean cultivars, farmers’ use of certified improved seeds is very low. This study, therefore, aimed to generate useful information on farmers’ adoption of improved faba bean cultivars by identifying factors that determine a farmer’s decision to use improved cultivars.

Methods
A multi-stage sampling technique was followed to select sample households. A cross-sectional household survey was used to collect data from 168 households that were randomly selected. Moreover, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were conducted. For data analysis, the Double-hurdle econometric model was employed.

Results
The results revealed that the majority, i.e., 77% of rural households depended on their local landraces. The adoption rate of improved faba bean seed at the household level was 23% which is very low. This low adoption rate was mainly due to a lack of access to improved seed and a lack of awareness about the improved cultivars. The results suggest that the decisions to adopt the improved cultivars and how much land to be covered appear to be explained by different processes. The double-hurdle econometric model result further revealed that while a farmer’s adoption decision is influenced by family size, farmers’ awareness about the existing improved cultivars, and extension contact, the intensity of adoption is determined by livestock holding and access to market information.

Conclusion
The result showed that most of the rural households were largely dependent on their local faba bean landraces which result in low yields at harvest. Therefore, it is suggested that the promotion of improved faba bean cultivars and improve farmers’ access to extension service and timely market information are the most decisive factors to be emphasized to improve the adoption of improved cultivars.
Staphylococcus aureus secreted lipases do not inhibit innate immune killing mechanisms
Authors: Sargison Fiona , Goncheva Mariya I , Alves Joana , Pickering Amy , Fitzgerald J Ross 
Published: June 2021

Background: Staphylococcus aureus causes an array of diseases in both humans and livestock. Pathogenesis is mediated by a plethora of proteins secreted by S. aureus, many of which remain incompletely characterised. For example, S. aureus abundantly secretes two isoforms of the enzyme lipase into the extracellular milieu, where they scavenge upon polymeric triglycerides. It has previously been suggested that lipases may interfere with the function of innate immune cells, such as macrophages and neutrophils, but the impact of lipases on phagocytic killing mechanisms remains unknown. Methods: We employed the epidemic S. aureus clone USA300 strain LAC and its lipase deficient isogenic mutant, along with recombinant lipase proteins, in in vitro experimental infection assays. To determine if lipases can inhibit innate immune killing mechanisms, the bactericidal activity of whole blood, human neutrophils, and macrophages was analysed. In addition, gentamycin protection assays were carried out to examine the influence of lipases on S. aureus innate immune cell escape. Results: There were no differences in the survival of S. aureus USA300 LAC wild type and its lipase-deficient isogenic mutant after incubation with human whole blood or neutrophils. Furthermore, there was no detectable lipase-dependent effect on phagocytosis, intracellular survival, or escape from both human primary and immortalised cell line macrophages, even upon supplementation with exogenous recombinant lipases. Conclusions: S. aureus lipases do not inhibit bacterial killing mechanisms of human macrophages, neutrophils, or whole blood. These findings broaden our understanding of the interaction of S. aureus with the innate immune system.
Nascent Entrepreneurs, Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy, and the Moderators of Race, Gender, and Government Support
Authors: Cavich Jason , Chinta Ravi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In a better attempt to understand nascent entrepreneurship, this paper explores the relationship between opportunity recognition and the entrepreneurial intent of nascent entrepreneurs. Contrary to conventional wisdom, research on this relationship is fragmented and empirically underdeveloped. In addition, the contextual and perceptual boundary conditions of government support, gender, and minorities are explored. We surveyed 1246 nascent entrepreneurs in the state of Florida, which is the largest data set on this topic in Florida. Respondents answered 55 survey questions on potential barriers to entrepreneurship to help understand how their context impacts their intent to start a new business. Our empirical results indicate that opportunity recognition by nascent entrepreneurs significantly affects entrepreneurial intent, the strength of which is moderated by government support and gender, but not by minorities. Our study is a direct response to the call-in existing entrepreneurship literature for new research in geographically narrower contexts as the largest survey-based study at the state level in the US that we know of. We extend and demarcate entrepreneurial self-efficacy into a new context while clarifying boundary conditions. Lastly, our dependent variable measures intensity of intention to start a business along a time dimension which empirically narrows the gap between studies on entrepreneurial intention and studies on entrepreneurial action.
The Role of Entrepreneurs’ Empathy in New Venture Performance: The Mediating Effects of Entrepreneurial Orientation
Authors: Zhao Wenhong , Lyu Siyao , Sekiguchi Tomoki 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Previous research has found that entrepreneurs’ empathy promotes personal opportunity identification. However, the role that entrepreneurs’ empathy plays at the firm level in new ventures is still unclear. This study explores this question by investigating how perspective taking and empathic concern, which respectively represent the cognitive and affective component of entrepreneurs’ empathy, influence new venture performance with the mediating effects of entrepreneurial orientation (EO). Based on an empirical study with 341 new ventures, this research finds a positive relationship between perspective taking and new venture performance and a curvilinear relationship between empathic concern and new venture performance. In addition, both of these relationships are mediated by EO. This study sheds light on distinct impacts of the entrepreneur’s perspective taking and empathic concern at the firm level, enriches the antecedents of EO from the cognitive and affective factors of the entrepreneur, and extends the implications of the entrepreneur’s altruistic dispositions in commercial start-ups.
On vertex PI index of certain triangular tessellation networks
Authors: Bokhary Syed Ahtsham Ul Haq , Adnan  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Wiener index, due to its many applications is considered to be one of very important distance-based index. But the Padmaker-Ivan (PI) index is kind of the only distance related index linked to parallelism of edges. The PI index like other distance related indices has great disseminating power. The index was firstly investigated by Khadikar et al. (2001), they have probed the chemical applications of the PI index. They proved that the proposed PI index correlates highly with the physicochemical properties and biological activities of a large number of diverse and complex chemical compounds and the Wiener and Szeged indices. Recently, the vertex Padmarkar-Ivan (PIv) index of a chemical graph G was introduced as the sum over all edges uv of a molecular graph G of the vertices of the graph that are not equidistant to the vertices u and v. In this paper, the vertex PIv index of certain triangular tessellation are computed by using graph-theoretic analysis, combinatorial computing, and edge-dividing technology.
Characterization of dairy sheep farms in the Serra da Estrela PDO region
Authors: Monteiro António , Santos Sérgio 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Sheep farming plays a key role in the sustainability of the most depressed rural regions of Portugal, particularly in the Serra da Estrela region, and is recognized as an important source of income for many local farmers. Thus, the management of local sheep breeds in the region has over generations given rise to its most emblematic product: Serra da Estrela cheese, with Protected Designation of Origin (PDO). This study aims to briefly describe the sheep farms producing certified milk in the Serra da Estrela region. To this end, a survey form was drawn up and applied to 75 farms, randomly selected, from the defined geographical area of Serra da Estrela, from June to August 2020. The results show that the producers, mostly male, have an average age close to 51 years. On average, the herd size is equal to or greater than 100 animals and the daily milk production per animal varies between 0.47 and 1.0 L. The price of milk paid to the producer is, on average, at 1.25 Euros/L. Both the average herd size and the lactation length are higher than those described by others. The average daily milk production in most of these farms is in accordance with the standard average value related by other authors.
Handcrafted digital light processing apparatus for additively manufacturing oral-prosthesis targeted nano-ceramic resin composites
Authors: Yao Lu , Hu Peixin , Zhao Yiyi , Lue Qi Tao , Nie Zilin , Yan Ming , He Zhengdi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
3D-printing finds increasing applications including the dental implant. We report in this study a nicely printed and then cured composite consisting of nano-ceramic and photosensitive resin, targeting oral prosthesis application. The results show that the 3D-printed material has good geometry accuracy and satisfactory hardness, justifying its potential as an advanced manufacturing methodology for future dentistry.
Continuity of Carolingian Judicial Institutions in Ottonian Lotharingia
Authors: Bachrach David S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The institution of the scabini, men from the pagus who served as legal fact finders in comital courts, was established by Charlemagne in the later eighth century and has received considerable attention from scholars for well over a century. Much of the early debate about the scabini focused on the origins of the institution, and whether Charlemagne was successful in replacing the previous ad hoc administration of justice with more formal procedures that followed more closely on the dictates of the royal court. A second important element in the historiography has focused on the fate of the institution of the scabini following the end of Charlemagne’s reign, and particularly after the division of the unitary empire following the death of Louis the Pious in 840. Many scholars, following the lead of F.L. Ganshof, have argued that the institution of the scabini, and governmental courts more generally, ceased to function at some point in the later ninth century, to be replaced by so-called feudal courts. The following study challenges this latter model by examining the institution of the scabini under the later Carolingians and their Ottonian successors in the region of Lotharingia, which gained a long-standing political coherence following the brief reign of King Lothair II (854–869). This region was the scene of intense political and military conflict throughout much of the period from the later ninth through the early eleventh century. Nevertheless, numerous private and royal charters of the Carolingians and Ottonians, as well as ostensibly prescriptive texts included in royal capitularies, point to the continuity of the institution of the scabini during the entirety of the Ottonian period from ca. 919–1024.
II. Causa und titulus
Authors: Pool Eric H. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Causa and titulus. Qualifications of possession and a change of terminology in Ulp. D. 5,3,13,1. – In D. 5,3,13,1, Ulpian states that every title to possession (like pro emptore, pro donato etc.) could be accompanied by a general title pro possessore, which becomes decisive if the other title failed. The text is interesting in two aspects: First, it is one of only a handful of classical texts which speak of titulus instead of causa possessionis. Therefore, the text is still today suspected of interpolation. Second, it is heavily disputed which circumstances lead to a possession pro possessore and why this typolology is used at all. This article proposes a solution to both problems. The pro possessore terminology can only be assessed correctly if we focus the procedural position of the possessor, especially in the realm of the hereditatis petitio. The new terminology (titulus) is a mere consequence of the fact, that the burden of prove is assigned according to the ,title‘ of possession indicated by the possessor, not by the real (and possibly unprovable) cause.
Scriptores Iuris Romani1): Zu Schiavones Edition der römischen Rechtsschriftsteller und ihrem ersten Band Quintus Mucius Scaevola2)
Authors: Stagl Jakob Fortunat 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Scriptores Iuris Romani. On Schiavone’s Project of Roman Legal Writers and their first volume on Quintus Mucius Scaevola. Scriptores Iuris Romani is a new edition of the works of the Roman jurists, comparable to that of any other author of Antiquity. Under the stewardship of A. Schiavone, this new edition undertakes to replace Mommsen’s edition of the Digest and Lenel’s ‘Palingenesia Iuris Civilis’. Due to its basis in the ‘approccio biografico’, and also due to a naive attitude towards the problems of the textual tradition – which becomes obvious in the editorial choices made by E. Stolfi, who is in charge of this volume on Mucius –, the edition of Mucius’ Opera is not as reliable as it should be. The whole enterprise must be considered an important achievement of scholarship on Mucius, but will neither replace Mommsen nor Lenel.
Comparison of Indirect Calorimetry and Common Prediction Equations for Evaluating Changes in Resting Metabolic Rate Induced by Resistance Training and a Hypercaloric Diet
Authors: Rodriguez Christian , Harty Patrick S. , Stratton Matthew T. , Siedler Madelin R. , Smith Robert W. , Johnson Baylor A. , Dellinger Jacob R. , Williams Abegale D. , White Sarah J. , Benavides Marqui L. , Tinsley Grant M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Rodriguez, C, Harty, PS, Stratton, MT, Siedler, MR, Smith, RW, Johnson, BA, Dellinger, JR, Williams, AD, White, SJ, Benavides, ML, and Tinsley, GM. Comparison of indirect calorimetry and common prediction equations for evaluating changes in resting metabolic rate induced by resistance training and a hypercaloric diet. J Strength Cond Res 36(11): 3093–3104, 2022—The ability to accurately identify resting metabolic rate (RMR) changes over time allows practitioners to prescribe appropriate adjustments to nutritional intake. However, there is a lack of data concerning the longitudinal utility of commonly used RMR prediction equations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of several commonly used prediction equations to track RMR changes during a hypercaloric nutritional intervention and supervised resistance exercise training program. Twenty resistance-trained men completed the study. The protocol lasted 6 weeks, and subjects underwent RMR assessments by indirect calorimetry (IC) preintervention and postintervention to obtain reference values. Existing RMR prediction equations based on body mass (BM) or dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry fat-free mass (FFM) were also evaluated. Equivalence testing was used to evaluate whether each prediction equation demonstrated equivalence with IC. Null hypothesis significance testing was also performed, and Bland-Altman analysis was used alongside linear regression to assess the degree of proportional bias. Body mass and FFM increased by 3.6 ± 1.7 kg and 2.4 ± 1.6 kg, respectively. Indirect calorimetry RMR increased by 165 ± 97 kcal·d−1, and RMR:FFM increased by 5.6 ± 5.2%. All prediction equations underestimated mean RMR changes relative to IC, with magnitudes ranging from 75 to 155 kcal·d−1, while also displaying unacceptable levels of negative proportional bias. In addition, no equation demonstrated equivalence with IC. Common RMR prediction equations based on BM or FFM did not fully detect the increase in RMR observed with resistance training plus a hypercaloric diet. Overall, the evaluated prediction equations are unsuitable for estimating RMR changes in the context of this study.
Strength, Cardiovascular Fitness, and Blood Lipid Measures in Law Enforcement Personnel After a 12-Week Health Promotion Program
Authors: Hibbert Jamie E. , Klawiter Daniel P. , Schubert Matthew M. , Nessler Jeff A. , Asakawa Deanna S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Hibbert, JE, Klawiter, DP, Schubert, MM, Nessler, JA, and Asakawa, DS. Strength, cardiovascular fitness, and blood lipid measures in law enforcement personnel after a 12-week health promotion program. J Strength Cond Res 36(11): 3105–3112, 2022—Law enforcement personnel often have high rates of cardiovascular disease and injury. Health promotion programs have been found to successfully encourage behavior change among law enforcement personnel, but these programs can often be intensive and expensive. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of a health promotion program on body composition, metabolic health, muscle strength, and cardiovascular endurance in law enforcement personnel. Active duty officers from a local law enforcement agency were invited to participate in a 12-week health promotion program that included activity tracking and exercise and nutrition education. Eighteen subjects underwent measurements of body composition, V̇o
2max through treadmill test, knee extensor strength, and blood lipids. An a priori alpha level for significance was set at 0.05, and comparisons were assessed using paired t-tests. Overall, subjects improved blood lipid levels evidenced by movement of mean values toward established healthy ranges. Although 8 subjects improved their V̇o
2max (range: 1.3–30% change), there was large variability and no statistically significant differences in measures of V̇o
2max (pre: 38.48 ± 5.86 ml·kg·min−1; post: 39.27 ± 5.26 ml·kg·min−1), body composition (pre: 26.52 ± 8.02% body fat; post: 26.44 ± 7.45% body fat), and strength normalized to body mass (isometric pre: 1.45 ± 0.45; post: 1.08 ± 0.36). Although no significant changes were noted, promising trends in these data suggest that health promotion programs with a modified focus may lead to positive changes in overall health.
Degradation Rate Prediction of Bridges Using Historical Vibration Data
Authors: Ali Syed Humair , Khan Tariq Mairaj Rasool , Shahid Muhammad Atayyab , Yousuf Waleed bin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Prediction of the future health state of civil structures allows maintenance agencies to undertake timely repair and replacement activities. Appropriate conduct of maintenance actions ensures accident-free operation of the transport network. Precise estimation of remaining useful life of civil structures is achievable through the availability of the degradation history, selection of appropriate degradation models, and efficient prognostic algorithms. In the reported research work, the variation in modal energy due to progressive degradation of the structure is used as a degradation quantification feature. Then, a sequential Monte Carlo–based particle filter (PF)–based scheme is reformulated to undertake bridge health prognosis of an aging in-service concrete bridge situated in a harbor area, using historical nondestructive testing data. A microelectromechanical systems–based accelerometer sensors are installed at different bridge segments to record vibration data. The historical database of the degradation feature is segmented into training and validation regions. The particle filter algorithm ultimately predicts the posterior probability density function of the degradation quantification feature for the next time instant(s). The promising prognostic results highlight the efficacy of the proposed scheme.
“Halal” Abortion in Perspective Common Law system,Civil Law System and Ius Constituendum : Towards Legality and Safety
Authors: Atmadja Sardjana 
Published: June 2021

Background: To safe services in hygienic conditions must be made widely available and affordable, so that the stigma associated with providing and obtaining abortions can lessen and safe services can become normal and accepted, abortion is broadly legal, widely available and safe in Indonesia.Objective: The purpose of this article to discuss ius constituendum on abortion in Indonesia from criminal law perspective between Common Law System and Civil Law System.In Indonesia Ius Contituendum on abortion is not directed to legalization of abortion as carried out both in Netherland and USA but tends to be harmonized with therapeutic abortion concept both medical and psychiatric fields.Material and Method: Systematic review of studies evaluating the prevalence of unsafe abortion in Indonesia.Results: The public health tragedy caused by unsafe abortion is all the more so because it is largely preventable, by improving the quality and availability of post abortion care, by making abortion legal and increasing access to safe services, and—because almost every abortion is preceded by an unintended pregnancy—by expanding access to contraceptive information and services. Restrictive laws have much less impact on stopping women from ending an unwanted pregnancy than on forcing those who are determined to do so to seek out clandestine means. Ironically, the abortion laws governing of Indonesia is holdovers from the colonial era.Conclutions: “Halal” abortion is making a significant contribution toward reducing the need for abortion altogether and the likelihood of unsafe abortion by bringing down the rates of unintended pregnancy. This is also helping to reduce complications of unsafe abortion through its support for programs to increase access to and improve post abortion care. This includes not only treatment for septic or incomplete abortion, but also essential post abortion.Keywords: “Halal” abortion, the public health tragedy, unintended pregnancy Common law system,Civil law system and Ius Constituendum.