bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Career Aspiration of Students: The Influence of Peers, Teachers and Parents
Authors: Owusu Maxwell Kontor , Owusu Abraham , Fiorgbor Ebenezer Tetteh , Atakora Joseph 
Published: May 2021

Aim: The study examined the influence of Peers, Teachers and Parents in the career aspiration of students in public Senior High Schools. Three research questions and three hypotheses framed the study.
Study Design: Descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. One Hundred and Ninety Six (196) students, 30 teachers, and 50 parents were selected to respond to self designed questionnaires using stratified and simple random sampling techniques. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: The findings indicated that: Teachers do not significantly influence the career aspirations of students, Parental influence is a major determinant in the career aspirations of students, Peers influence the career aspirations of male and female students differently, the influence of peers on career aspirations of students does not vary on the basis of age and programme of study.
Conclusion: Peers and parents determine to a large extent the decisions that students make concerning the careers they may want to pursue, as such, it is recommended that: School heads should collaborate with counselling unit in schools to organise career workshops for students to help minimise the influence of stakeholders on students’ career aspirations.
Clinical and Echocardiographic Profile of Rheumatic Heart Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Dall Abdul Qadir Khan , Shaikh Muhammed Kashif , Shah Syed Zulfiquar Ali , Devrajani Tarachand , Memon Abdul Salam , Karim Imran , Raza Samar 
Published: May 2021

Background: Rheumatic Heart disease (RHD) is the leading cause of acquired heart disease and more prevalent in developing countries. The objective of the study was to determine the clinical and echocardiographic profiles of patients with rheumatic heart disease (RHD).
Materials and Methods: All patients above the age of 12 years of either gender diagnosed with Rheumatic heart disease from January 2018 to December 2019 at tertiary care hospital, Hyderabad were enrolled in the study. Detailed patient data was obtained from the hospital records. Information regarding gender, age, Electrocardiogram findings, clinical and echocardiographic manifestations was obtained.
Results: Throughout the two-year study period, a total of fifty patients with RHD were studied. The mean age of the population was 33.71 years. Females (64%) outnumbered males and 60% were rural population. The clinical features observed were fever (80%), joint pain (64%), palpitation (60%), breathlessness (90%) and chest pain (50%), tachycardia (60%), raised JVP (10%), hypertension (20%). The common echocardiographic findings observed were mitral stenosis (50%), mitral regurgitation (24%) and pulmonary hypertension (36%), left atrial enlargement (56%), and right atrial enlargement (16%) whereas the majority of the patients (70%) have ejection fraction between 40-50% and thrombus was identified in 15 (30%) patients respectively.
Conclusion: Common clinical findings observed were breathlessness and fever while the common echocardiographic findings were mitral stenosis and regurgitation, pulmonary hypertension, and left atrial enlargement. Population-based screening by echocardiography could be a potential route for early screening of rheumatic heart disease.
Obesity as a Predominant Factor in Covid-19 Mortality; Relationship between Increased BMI and Mortality in Covid-19
Authors: Qureshi Ali , Sulaiman Syed Azhar Bin Syed , Qureshi Pir Abdul Ahad Aziz , Bhutto Mehwish 
Published: May 2021

Severe Acute Resperatory Syndrome Corona Virus 2(SARS-CoV-2) is related to a class of virus that affects respiratory system to cause respiratory distress and can lead to harmful consequences. It has been estimated that there could be various predisposition factors that may precipitate these poor outcomes. Obesity is one of the factors that elevate the risk of respiratory complications. A retrospective cohort study was performed, to figure out the relationship among COVID-19 related mortality and obesity. Information on 7036 patients was meet inclusion criteria. The prime focus of this study was to check the rate of mortality and extent of illness in relation to body mass index (BMI).Out of a total of 127 mortalities, 25.2% of deaths had normal weight ranges, whereas 33.9% of deaths were overweight and 40.9% were at obesity of different levels (p-value < 0.001), which shows the strong correlation between obesity and chances of mortality. Logically, in light of all the above mentioned facts, it can be concluded that the outcomes of this pandemic would have proven more dreadful and life threaten in societies where people have any of the above mentioned factors, specifically, increased BMI.
Nanoparticles Synergistic Effect with Various Substrate Pretreatment and their Comparison on Biogas Production from Algae Waste
Authors: Zaidi Asad A. , Khan Sohaib Zia , Almohamadi Hamad , Mahmoud Essam R. I. , Naseer Muhammad N. 
Published: May 2021

Algae waste is one of the potential substrates for biogas and biohydrogen production and can comprehend multiple benefits of waste treatment and resource utilization. In view of the key bottlenecks such as low substrate degradation rate and poor productivity of algae waste production process, this study analyzes the combined effect of two metallic and metallic oxide nanoparticles with different substrate pretreatment methods (autoclave, ultrasonic, and microwave methods) to investigate the effect of anaerobic digestion of green algae (Enteromorpha). The results showed that out of the three pretreatment methods, microwave pretreatment and nanoparticles' synergistic effect significantly increases biogas production. The microbial community composition at the phylum level was analyzed. It was observed that the Firmicutes were most abundant across all samples. The relative abundance of Firmicutes for control, Ni NPs + MW, Co NPs + MW, and Fe3O4 NPs + MW groups were 51.78, 70.37, 75.77, and 83.93%, respectively. The second most abundant was of Bacteroidetes that also contributes to hydrogen production. This relatively high abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes promises its potential applications in a hydrogen production facility. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
The lipodistrofy in patients living with HIV / AIDS
Authors: Armentano Tiago Campos , Da Silva Alexandre Rosa , Mateus Natália Gonçalves , Ferrari Lorrana Vicente , Mello Rosâne 
Published: May 2021

OBJETIVO: Discutir a relação entre a presença de lipodistrofia em pacientes portadores do vírus HIV/AIDS e esboçar ações que otimizem uma qualidade de vida melhor. MÉTODOS: trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo bibliográfica de natureza qualitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada durante os meses de julho e agosto de 2011, através do banco de dados da Biblioteca Eletrônica de Periódicos Científicos Brasileiros (SciELO Brasil) e pubmed. Utilizamos os seguintes descritores para a busca: HIV/AIDS e Lipodistrofia. RESULTADOS: Baseado na leitura dos artigos agrupamos as principais alterações relacionadas com a lipodistrofia em três categorias: 1) alterações psicossociais; 2) alterações corporais; e 3) alterações metabólicas. CONCLUSÃO: Tendo em vista a complexidade das repercussões ocasionadas pela lipodistrofia, destaca-se a importância do trabalho da equipe multiprofissional com essa clientela e seus familiares, buscando a integralidade da assistência e promoção da qualidade de vida.
Vulnerability and access in adolescent health in view of the parents
Authors: Dos Reis Dener Carlos , Alves Rodrigo Henrique , Jordão Natália Angelica Fernandes , Viegas Ana Maria , Carvalho Simone Mendes 
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: analisar a percepção de pais sobre vulnerabilidades e necessidades de acesso em saúde na adolescência no município de Contagem/Minas Gerais. Método: Trata-se de estudo descritivo desenvolvido com 94 pais de adolescentes de 12 escolas públicas municipais que responderam a um questionário semiestruturado e autoaplicável. As informações foram analisadas a partir do modelo de análise de conteúdo proposto por Bardin. Resultados: a exposição/utilização de drogas, hábitos alimentares inadequados, barreiras no acesso em saúde e comportamentos de risco/agravos associados à sexualidade foram as principais vulnerabilidades à saúde na adolescência apontadas pelos participantes. Apesar de priorizarem a consulta médica e odontológica, mencionaram a importância da enfermagem no acesso às ações de saúde na adolescência, como à vacinação, grupos educativos e avaliação do crescimento/desenvolvimento dos adolescentes. Conclusão: a promoção da saúde dos adolescentes demanda por constante avaliação das situações e níveis de vulnerabilidades à saúde desse grupo através do Programa Saúde na Escola.
The cultura interfering in the wish of kind of delivery
Authors: Pimenta Lizandra Flores , Silva Silvana Cruz , Barreto Camila Nunes , Ressel Lúcia Beatriz 
Published: May 2021

Objetivos: Estudo qualitativo realizado em hospital de ensino e uma unidade básica de saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, de janeiro a março de 2011, que objetivou compreender de que forma a cultura influencia no processo de parturição da mulher. Métodos: Foram entrevistadas 08 mulheres e, os dados foram analisados e interpretados conforme Análise de Conteúdo Temática. Esta análise possibilitou duas categorias: a percepção das mulheres sobre o parto desejado: e, questionamento e resistência ao modelo biomédico. Resultados: Os resultados mostram que a via de parto desejada pela maioria das entrevistadas foi o parto normal, mas constatou-se que a maioria não conseguiu realizar esse desejo, devido à influência e às intervenções recebidas do médico. Conclusões: Foi demonstrado pelas mulheres claro desagrado por algumas práticas que retiram da mulher a sua autonomia no processo da parturição sendo uma delas a falta de autonomia na escolha da via de parto normal.
Nonlinear PI robust adaptive control for uncertain multiple‐input multiple‐output nonlinear systems: Application to the visual servoing problem
Authors: Psillakis Haris E. , Oikonomidis Konstantinos A. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryIn this work, a nonlinear proportional and integral controller is presented for multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) unknown nonlinear systems in normal form with unknown disturbances. The proposed control laws utilize nonlinear PI gains with trigonometric terms along with neural network (NN) approximators in order to account for both unknown nonlinearities and control directions. A proper selection of the frequencies of the periodic functions used in the multiple control inputs ensures that, as the PI function increases, the periodic functions trace all possible control direction sign configurations. A new theoretical result is proved suitable for demonstrating the boundedness of the PI variables in a framework that also includes parameter estimation error terms. We then proceed to design a robust adaptive NN nonlinear PI MIMO controller that ensures both convergence of the tracking error to an arbitrarily small neighborhood of the origin and boundedness of all closed‐loop variables in the presence of unknown nonlinearities and external disturbances. An application to the uncalibrated visual servoing problem verifies the validity of our method.
Epitaxial Growth of 2D Materials on High‐Index Substrate Surfaces
Authors: Zhang Leining , Peng Peng , Ding Feng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecently, the successful synthesis of wafer‐scale single‐crystal graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), and MoS2 on transition metal surfaces with step edges boosted the research interests in synthesizing wafer‐scale 2D single crystals on high‐index substrate surfaces. Here, using hBN growth on high‐index Cu surfaces as an example, a systematic theoretical study to understand the epitaxial growth of 2D materials on various high‐index surfaces is performed. It is revealed that hBN orientation on a high‐index surface is highly dependent on the alignment of the step edges of the surface as well as the surface roughness. On an ideal high‐index surface, well‐aligned hBN islands can be easily achieved, whereas curved step edges on a rough surface can lead to the alignment of hBN along with different directions. This study shows that high‐index surfaces with a large step density are robust for templating the epitaxial growth of 2D single crystals due to their large tolerance for surface roughness and provides a general guideline for the epitaxial growth of various 2D single crystals.
A Difluoro‐Monobromo End Group Enables High‐Performance Polymer Acceptor and Efficient All‐Polymer Solar Cells Processable with Green Solvent under Ambient Condition
Authors: Yu Han , Luo Siwei , Sun Rui , Angunawela Indunil , Qi Zhenyu , Peng Zhengxing , Zhou Wentao , Han Han , Wei Rong , Pan Mingao , Cheung Andy Man Hong , Zhao Dahui , Zhang Jianquan , Ade Harald , Min Jie , Yan He 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a difluoro‐monobromo end group is designed and synthesized, which is then used to construct a novel polymer acceptor (named PY2F‐T) yielding high‐performance all‐polymer solar cells with 15.22% efficiency. The fluorination strategy can increase the intramolecular charge transfer and interchain packing of the previous PY‐T based acceptor, and significantly improve photon harvesting and charge mobility of the resulting polymer acceptor. In addition, detailed morphology investigations reveal that the PY2F‐T‐based blend shows smaller domain spacing and higher domain purity, which significantly suppress charge recombination as supported by time‐resolved techniques. These polymer properties enable simultaneously enhanced JSC and FF of the PY2F‐T‐based devices, eventually delivering device efficiencies of over 15%, significantly outperforming that of the devices based on the non‐fluorinated PY‐T polymer (13%). More importantly, the PY2F‐T‐based active layers can be processed under ambient conditions and still achieve a 14.37% efficiency. They can also be processed using non‐halogenated solvent o‐xylene (no additive) and yield a decent performance of 13.05%. This work demonstrates the success of the fluorination strategy in the design of high‐performance polymer acceptors, which provide guidelines for developing new all‐PSCs with better efficiencies and stabilities for commercial applications.
Air‐Stable LixAl Foil as Free‐Standing Electrode with Improved Electrochemical Ductility by Shot‐Peening Treatment
Authors: Fan Huimin , Li Sa , Yu Yue , Xu Hui , Jiang Mengwen , Huang Yunhui , Li Ju 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA self‐supporting Al foil anode should be attractive to the lithium‐ion battery (LIB) industry. However, initial attempts at using thin Al foil directly as a LIB anode ends up with extremely large initial Coulombic inefficiency and gross mechanical failures in just a few cycles. This feels incongruent with the expectation that face‐centered cubic Al should have good ductility. In this study, the discrepancy between “electrochemical ductility” and “mechanical ductility” is explained. Unlike “mechanical ductility” based on dislocation slip inside each grain, here it is proposed that “electrochemical ductility” of such high‐capacity alloy foil electrodes should be related to grain boundaries (GB) activities. It is found that after reducing the grain size D > 50 µm of the starting Al foil by shot‐peening treatment, higher GB density (e.g., smaller initial grain size D < 20 µm) greatly alleviates the initial porosity damage after the roll‐to‐roll mechanical prelithiation and significantly improves electrochemical ductility thereafter, with enhanced cycle life in various kinds of full cells. LixAl foil also demonstrates surprising air stability with negligible capacity loss even after several hours’ exposure to air. Such thin prelithiated metallic foil anodes are therefore highly competitive against pure Li metal foils.
Disk Triboelectric Nanogenerator‐Based Nonvolatile Memory toward Smart Identification System
Authors: Yun Jonghyeon , Roh Hyeonhee , Choi Jieun , Gu Dongyeop , Kim Daewon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWith the rapid advancement of the Internet of things (IoT), security issues of the IoT are emerging because the wireless networks for conventional IoT are easily exposed to hacking. By storing the critical data in a physically separate space, these issues can be suppressed. The nonvolatile memory (NVM) is an attractive solution because the stored data are not erased even after turning off the power. However, the NVM consumes the power for operating and remaining data are exposed to attack. Hence, NVM with high security and low power operation is highly required for IoT platforms. Herein, a disk triboelectric nanogenerator‐based NVM (DTNVM) is developed. The DTNVM can be operated with low power because the reading process of stored data is conducted with triboelectricity. Since the ternary system is adopted, 23 to 119 trits can be stored at the DTNVM by changing the sampling time. The identification information is stored at the DTNVM and 91.3% of consistency of the data with a range of 10% tolerance is recorded as result of the reading. Based on the result, the DTNVM is expected to be utilized in the near future as a next‐generation NVM and for safe identification systems at the IoT.
Multiple Magnetic Phases in Van Der Waals Mn‐Doped SnS2 Semiconductor
Authors: Bouzid Houcine , Sahoo Ramchandra , Yun Seok Joon , Singh Kirandeep , Jin Youngjo , Jiang Jinbao , Yoon Duhee , Song Hyun Yong , Kim Giheon , Choi Wooseon , Kim Young‐Min , Lee Young Hee 
Published: May 2021

Abstract2D van der Waals magnetic semiconductors have emerged along with the possibilities of achieving an efficient gate tunability and a proximity effect with a high magnetic anisotropy compared with 3D counterparts. Little explored are multiple magnetic phases with a single crystallographic phase. Herein, the multiple magnetic phases in a Mn‐doped SnS2 single crystal with different doping concentrations using a one‐step self‐flux method are reported. Two ferromagnetic phases with a canted spin direction exist regardless of the Mn‐doping concentration at up to 5 at%. Antiferromagnetism coexists with the ferromagnetic order and strengthens at high Mn‐doping concentrations. A magnetoresistance measurement conducted on a 2 at% Mn‐SnS2 flake exhibits a positive‐to‐negative crossover with a value of as high as 50% and clear anisotropy, confirming the presence of ferromagnetic order in the material. By revealing multiple magnetic phases in Mn‐doped SnS2, the study broadens the scope of state‐of‐the‐art research on layered magnetic semiconductors.
Mitochondria Targeted O2 Economizer to Alleviate Tumor Hypoxia for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Yuan Ping , Deng Fu‐An , Liu Yi‐Bin , Zheng Rong‐Rong , Rao Xiao‐Na , Qiu Xiao‐Zhong , Zhang Da‐Wei , Yu Xi‐Yong , Cheng Hong , Li Shi‐Ying 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) often suffers from the exacerbated tumor hypoxia and the heterogeneous distribution of photosensitizers, leading to an inefficient ROS productivity and availability. In this work, a mitochondria targeted O2 economizer (designated as Mito‐OxE) is developed to improve PDT efficiency by alleviating tumor hypoxia and enhancing the subcellular localization of photosensitizers. Specifically, the photosensitizer of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) is modified with the hydrophilic polyethylene glycol and the lipophilic cation of triphenylphosphine (TPP) to fabricate the biocompatible mitochondria targeted photosensitizers (designated as Mito‐PSs). And Mito‐OxE is prepared by using Mito‐PSs to load the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation inhibitors of atovaquone (ATO). Benefiting from the targeting capability of TPP, Mito‐OxE can selectively accumulate in mitochondria after cellular uptake. Subsequently, the mitochondrial respiration would be suppressed to with the participation of ATO, resulting in a local hypoxia mitigation for enhanced PDT. Compared with Mito‐PSs, Mito‐OxE maximizes the therapeutic effect against hypoxic tumors under light irradiation. This design of mitochondria targeted O2 economizer would advance the development of targeted drug delivery system for effective PDT regardless of hypoxic microenvironment.
Electronic Drugs: Spatial and Temporal Medical Treatment of Human Diseases
Authors: Won Chihyeong , Kwon Chaebeen , Park Kijun , Seo Jungmok , Lee Taeyoon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecent advances in diagnostics and medicines emphasize the spatial and temporal aspects of monitoring and treating diseases. However, conventional therapeutics, including oral administration and injection, have difficulties meeting these aspects due to physiological and technological limitations, such as long‐term implantation and a narrow therapeutic window. As an innovative approach to overcome these limitations, electronic devices known as electronic drugs (e‐drugs) have been developed to monitor real‐time body signals and deliver specific treatments to targeted tissues or organs. For example, ingestible and patch‐type e‐drugs could detect changes in biomarkers at the target sites, including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the skin, and deliver therapeutics to enhance healing in a spatiotemporal manner. However, medical treatments often require invasive surgical procedures and implantation of medical equipment for either short or long‐term use. Therefore, approaches that could minimize implantation‐associated side effects, such as inflammation and scar tissue formation, while maintaining high functionality of e‐drugs, are highly needed. Herein, the importance of the spatial and temporal aspects of medical treatment is thoroughly reviewed along with how e‐drugs use cutting‐edge technological innovations to deal with unresolved medical challenges. Furthermore, diverse uses of e‐drugs in clinical applications and the future perspectives of e‐drugs are discussed.
Massively Parallel Arrays of Size‐Controlled Metallic Nanogaps with Gap‐Widths Down to the Sub‐3‐nm Level
Authors: Luo Sihai , Mancini Andrea , Berté Rodrigo , Hoff Bård H. , Maier Stefan A. , de Mello John C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMetallic nanogaps (MNGs) are fundamental components of nanoscale photonic and electronic devices. However, the lack of reproducible, high‐yield fabrication methods with nanometric control over the gap‐size has hindered practical applications. A patterning technique based on molecular self‐assembly and physical peeling is reported here that allows the gap‐width to be tuned from more than 30 nm to less than 3 nm. The ability of the technique to define sub‐3‐nm gaps between dissimilar metals permits the easy fabrication of molecular rectifiers, in which conductive molecules bridge metals with differing work functions. A method is further described for fabricating massively parallel nanogap arrays containing hundreds of millions of ring‐shaped nanogaps, in which nanometric size control is maintained over large patterning areas of up to a square centimeter. The arrays exhibit strong plasmonic resonances under visible light illumination and act as high‐performance substrates for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy, with high enhancement factors of up to 3 × 108 relative to thin gold films. The methods described here extend the range of metallic nanostructures that can be fabricated over large areas, and are likely to find many applications in molecular electronics, plasmonics, and biosensing.