bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stronger therapeutic alliance is associated with better quality of life among patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Thomas Teresa , Althouse Andrew , Sigler Lauren , Arnold Robert , Chu Edward , White Douglas B. , Rosenzweig Margaret , Smith Kenneth , Smith Thomas J. , Schenker Yael 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivePatient–oncologist therapeutic alliance is a foundation of quality cancer care, although there is limited research demonstrating its relationship with patient outcomes. We investigated the relationship between therapeutic alliance and patient quality of life with a secondary goal of determining whether the association varied by patients' baseline level of psychological distress.MethodsCross‐sectional analysis of baseline data from a randomized clinical trial of 672 patients with advanced cancer participating in a primary palliative care intervention trial. Patients completed baseline self‐reported measures of therapeutic alliance (The Human Connection Scale, range: 16–64), overall quality of life (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—Palliative Care, range: 0–184), and psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, range: 0–42). First, we determined the relationship between therapeutic alliance and quality of life using multivariable regression adjusting for confounders. We then examined if psychological distress was an effect modifier in this relationship by adding interaction effects of depression and anxiety symptoms on therapeutic alliance into the regression model.ResultsPatients reported high levels of therapeutic alliance (56.4 ± 7.4) and moderate quality of life (130.3 ± 25.5). Stronger therapeutic alliance was associated with better quality of life after adjusting for other confounding factors (β = 3.7, 95% confidence interval = 2.1, 5.3, p < 0.01). The relationship between therapeutic alliance and quality of life was generally consistent regardless of psychological distress.ConclusionsCollaborative, trusting relationships between patients with advanced cancer and their oncologists are associated with better patient quality of life. Future research should investigate the causal, longitudinal nature of these relationships.
The unmet needs of carers of patients diagnosed with sarcoma: A qualitative study
Authors: Weaver Rhys , O'Connor Moira , Halkett Georgia KB. , Carey Smith Richard 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveSarcoma is a rare cancer that may result in reduced mobility, social isolation, poorer mental health, and ongoing medical issues for patients. Family carers play a crucial role in supporting patients throughout their sarcoma journey. Despite the aggressive and debilitating nature of the disease, the unmet needs of these carers are yet to be explored. The aim of this study was to explore the unmet needs of carers of patients diagnosed with sarcoma.MethodsAn exploratory qualitative research design with a social constructionist epistemology was used. Participants were carers of patients diagnosed with a sarcoma (n = 33). Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with carers of patients who completed treatment for sarcoma and also bereaved carers (BC). Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis.FindingsFour overarching themes were identified: support with medical aspects of caregiving, support for self, needing information about the patient, and financial support. Participants recognised that they needed psychosocial support, however, many were reluctant to access support as they perceived this to be prioritising their own needs instead of the patients'. They also needed more information about the patients' disease and how to navigate the health system.ConclusionsFamily carers for patients with sarcoma have onerous responsibilities that affect their ability to access care for themselves and their family. Providing more holistic patient care and carer‐specific information and training could reduce carer burden. Establishing support groups specific to carers and BC of patients diagnosed with sarcoma could provide opportunities for social interaction and psychosocial support.
Prioritizing the worries of AML patients: Quantifying patient experience using best–worst scaling
Authors: Richardson Daniel R. , Oakes Allison H. , Crossnohere Norah L. , Rathsmill Gary , Reinhart Crystal , O’Donoghue Bernadette , Bridges John F. P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractContextAlthough patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) experience significant toxicities and poor outcomes, few studies have quantified patients' experience.MethodsA community‐centered approach was used to develop an AML‐specific best–worst scaling (BWS) instrument involving 13 items in four domains (psychological, physical, decision‐making, and treatment delivery) to quantify patient worry. A survey of patients and caregivers was conducted using the instrument. Data were analyzed using conditional logistic regression.ResultsThe survey was completed by 832 patients and 237 caregivers. Patients were predominantly white (88%), married/partnered (72%), and in remission (95%). The median age was 55 years (range: 19–87). Median time since diagnosis was 8 years (range: 1–40). Patients worried most about “the possibility of dying from AML” (BWS score = 15.5, confidence interval [CI] [14.2–16.7]) and “long‐term side effects of treatments” (14.0, CI [12.9–15.2]). Patients found these items more than twice as worrisome as all items within the domains of care delivery and decision‐making. Patients were least worried about “communicating openly with doctors” (2.50, CI [1.97–3.04]) and “having access to the best medical care” (3.90, CI [3.28–4.61]). Caregiver reports were highly correlated to patients' (Spearman's ρ = 0.89) though noted significantly more worry about the possibility of dying and spending time in the hospital.ConclusionThis large convenience sample demonstrates that AML patients have two principal worries: dying from their disease and suffering long‐term side effects from treatment. To better foster patient‐centered care, therapeutic decision‐making and drug development should reflect the importance of both potential outcomes. Further work should explore interventions to address these worries.
1‐Amino‐5‐methyltetrazole in Energetic 3 d Transition Metal Complexes – Ligand Design for Future Primary Explosives
Authors: Wurzenberger Maximilian H. H. , Gruhne Michael S. , Lommel Marcus , Stierstorfer Jörg 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNew lead‐free primary explosives are needed for safe future ignition and initiation applications. Especially, ignition by low‐energy laser irradiation has been demonstrated to be a valuable method. For this technology, primary explosives with safer sensitivities are needed. In order to adjust the desired properties of the neat primary explosives, we follow the concept of “energetic coordination compounds” (ECC) in which the ligand significantly alters the final properties. As the result of a study where 1‐amino‐5H‐tetrazole (1‐AT) was used as one of the most endothermic ligands, yielding materials with outstanding performance but very high sensitivities, in this work its 5‐methyl analogue 1‐amino‐5‐methyltetrazole (1‐AMT, 1) was synthesized and applied as ligand. For a short evaluation, metal perchlorate complexes [M(1‐AMT)6](ClO4)2 of manganese(II), iron(II), and zinc(II) as well as [Cu(1‐AMT)4(H2O)](ClO4)2 were prepared. All compounds were intensively characterized e. g., by XRD, IR, EA, TGA, DTA as well as sensitivity measurements (impact, friction, BDIS, and ESD). The obtained materials show reduced performance but they are safer to handle than the corresponding 1‐AT derivatives. Moreover, the satisfactory performances of ECC 3 and 4 were impressively demonstrated by PETN initiation and laser ignition experiments.
Storage Lifetime Prediction of Composite Solid Propellant based on Šesták‐Berggren Model
Authors: Pan Zhengqiang , Liu Tianyu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe physical and chemical properties of composite solid propellant during storage period are greatly affected by environmental factors, and the aging mechanism is complicated. In view of the insufficient utilization of test data in the current research and the low accuracy of storage lifetime evaluation model, this paper takes composite solid propellant as the object and makes use of the destructive accelerated storage test data at different temperature levels to carry out storage lifetime prediction research from the perspective of thermal analysis kinetics. Taking the key mechanical performance parameter‐tensile strength as an example, a performance degradation model based on Šesták‐Berggren model (SB(m,n)) is established, and the optimal mechanism index (m,n) is determined according to the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Furthermore, the evaluation methods of storage reliability, storage reliable lifetimes and their lower confidence limits are given. Finally, take a certain type of composite solid propellant as an example to verify the model and method of the paper. The results show that the storage lifetime prediction method based on the SB(m,n) model is more accurate and the prediction results are more reliable. A good idea is provided to assess the storage lifetime of composite solid propellant, and it also provides reference for other propellant and explosive storage lifetime prediction.
Prediction of Cylinder Wall Velocity Profiles for ANFO Explosives Combining Thermochemical Calculation, Gurney Model, and Hydro‐Code
Authors: Suceska Muhamed , Serene Chan Hay Yee , Qingling Zhang , Dobrilovic Mario , Stimac Barbara 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTheoretical prediction of performance indicators of explosives plays an important role in the development of new explosives and explosive formulations. Of particular interest is the possibility to estimate the velocity of metal liner driven by an explosive charge. We present a theoretical model for estimation of metal cylinder wall velocity profiles of non‐ideal ANFO explosives. The model is based on thermochemical calculations using EXPLO5 code, expressing the Gurney energy in terms of JWL equation of state, and using hydro‐code simulation. The Wood‐Kirkwood detonation theory, incorporated in EXPLO5, is applied for calculation of detonation parameters of non‐ideal ANFO explosives. It was found that this approach enables prediction of cylinder wall velocity for ANFO explosives, with the error at V/V0=7 expansion ratio not exceeding 100 m/s.
Characterization of Aluminum Powders: IV. Effect of Nanometals on the Combustion of Aluminized Ammonium Nitrate‐Based Solid Propellants
Authors: Gromov Alexander A. , Popenko Elena M. , Sergienko Alexey V. , Slyusarsky Konstantin V. , Nalivaiko Anton Yu. , Ozherelkov Dmitriy Yu. , Larionov Kirill B. , Dzidziguri Ella L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study is devoted to the investigation of the energetic properties of two types of aluminized solid propellants with inert and active binders modified by additives of six different metal nanopowders. The substitution of an inert binder for the active one resulted in significant improvement of energetic properties. However, burning rate regulation become more complicated because the pressure exponent in burning rate law was increased as well. The DSC analysis revealed that the most significant catalytic effects were observed while using Zn, Cu, and Mo powders. Combustion of compositions based on an inert combustible binder and ammonium nitrate was studied in the pressure range 0.1–10.0 MPa. Due to the low combustion rate, no dispersion of burning aluminum particles was observed. During combustion, a single agglomerate of aluminum particles was formed, the mass of which was about 96 % of the initial aluminum mass in the formulation. A comparative analysis of nanosized metal additive effect on the propellant's combustion process was performed. It had been found that the activity of the metal nanopowders depends on the propellant formulation. It had been shown that Al and Zn did not affect the combustion rate of propellant with inert binder but they were effective in compositions with an active binder. Cu and Ni were found to be a good catalyst for the ammonium nitrate and active binder decomposition.
Oxatriazoles: Potential Frameworks for Energetic Compounds?
Authors: Politzer Peter , Murray Jane S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFourteen oxatriazoles have been investigated computationally as potential energetic compounds. They include the two isomeric parent compounds, their amino and nitro derivatives, four N‐oxides and four amino‐N‐oxides. Densities and solid state heats of formation were calculated for all of these compounds, and used to determine their detonation velocities and detonation pressures by means of the Kamlet‐Jacobs equations. Four of the compounds, all N‐oxides, surpass or essentially equal Klapötke's criteria for detonation velocity and detonation pressure. Three other N‐oxides meet just the detonation velocity criterion. Impact sensitivity was addressed in terms of three factors that are known to affect it: the free space per molecule in the crystal lattice, the electrostatic potential on the molecular surface, and the detonation heat release of the compound. Three of the N‐oxides with the highest detonation velocities and detonation pressures have undesirably large heats of detonation, a warning of possible impact sensitivity. However 5‐amino‐1,2,3,4‐oxatriazole‐3‐oxide combines good detonation properties with a moderate heat release; its free space per molecule in the crystal lattice and molecular surface electrostatic potential are also consistent with low sensitivity. Overall, we believe that the results of this work should encourage further investigation of oxatriazole derivatives as energetic compounds.
The Effect of Inert Salts on Explosive Emulsion Thermal Degradation
Authors: Yu Pengcheng , Ling Nicholas N. A. , Fridjonsson Einar O. , Johns Michael L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAmmonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) explosive emulsions are comparatively safe, effective and low‐cost products for mining operations. They consist of a supersaturated ammonium nitrate solution dispersed as droplets in a continuous fuel phase. Here we apply a previously developed bench‐top Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Pulsed Field Gradient (PFG) technique to monitor the emulsion droplet size distribution in ANFO explosive emulsions as a function of time stored at an elevated temperature of 50 °C; we thus investigate the subtle effect of adverse storage conditions on emulsion stability. Storage at 50 °C for 12 weeks lead to a ∼60 % increase in mean droplet size, whereas a sample stored at 21 °C experienced no change in mean droplet size. The addition of inert salts (calcium nitrate or sodium nitrate) to the ammonium nitrate solution was also considered in terms of their ability to enable stable storage of the emulsions at 50 °C. An addition of 5 wt% calcium nitrate to the aqueous phase was required to suppress any thermal degradation of the explosive emulsions whilst a much lower dosage of only 1 wt% sodium nitrate was required to realise the same stabilizing effect.
The stories of four process safety legends
Authors: Willey Ronald J. , Baulch Arthur 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn May of 2020, the editorial board of Process Safety Progress recommended that an article in the journal be dedicated to process safety legends as inspiration to others working in the field. This first article summaries the process safety career of four people: Daniel A. Crowl, Hans Pasman, Pete Lodal, and John Murphy. Combined they represent 180 years of process safety practice.
Discovery of behaviorally active semiochemicals in Aenasius bambawalei using a reverse chemical ecology approach
Authors: Xu Chong , Yang Fuxiang , Duan Shuanggang , Li Dongzhen , Li Lei , Wang Manqun , Zhou Aiming 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe invasive mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis, has caused serious damage to cotton crops throughout the world. Aenasius bambawalei is a dominant endoparasitoid of P. solenopsis. Exploration of behaviorally active semiochemicals may promote the efficacy of parasitoids used in biological control. Reverse chemical ecology, based on the physiological function of odorant‐binding proteins (OBPs), provides an effective approach to screen behaviorally active compounds to target insect pests. Determination of the binding mechanisms and specificity towards different odorants in A. bambawalei may facilitate the development of more‐efficient biological control strategies.RESULTSWe characterized the expression profile and analyzed the binding affinity of OBP28 in A. bambawalei. AbamOBP28 showed high expression in the wings and antennae of both male and female A. bambawalei. A fluorescence competitive binding assay indicated that AbamOBP28 displayed strong binding affinity to most candidate ligands. Circular dichroism spectra demonstrated that 1‐octen‐3‐one, myrcene, dodecane, 2,4,4‐trimethyl‐2‐pentene, nonanal, and limonene elicited conformational changes in AbamOBP28. Electrophysiological and behavioral bioassays revealed that diethyl sebacate, 2,4,4‐trimethyl‐2‐pentene, and 1‐octen‐3‐one evoked significant electroantennography responses and functioned as attractants in A. bambawalei at specific concentrations. Furthermore, three‐dimensional structure modeling and molecular docking showed that hydrogen bonds were formed by Glu1 and Ser75 of AbamOBP28 with diethyl sebacate, respectively.CONCLUSIONThese results demonstrate that AbamOBP28 is involved in the chemoreception of A. bambawalei. The identified protein provides a potential target for efficient enemy utilization and pest control, and the overall results may help develop protocols for more effective screening of behaviorally active semiochemicals.© 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Review: Holistic pest management against early blight disease towards sustainable agriculture
Authors: Jindo Keiji , Evenhuis Albartus , Kempenaar Corné , Pombo Sudré Cláudia , Zhan Xiaoxiu , Goitom Teklu Misghina , Kessel Geert 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlternaria species are well‐known aggressive pathogens that are widespread globally and warmer temperatures caused by climate change might increase their abundance more drastically. Early blight (EB) disease, caused mainly by Alternaria solani, and brown spot, caused by Alternaria alternata, are major concerns in potato, tomato and eggplant production. The development of EB is strongly linked to varieties, crop development stages, environmental factors, cultivation and field management. Several forecasting models for pesticide application to control EB were created in the last century and more recent scientific advances have included modern breeding technology to detect resistant genes and precision agriculture with hyperspectral sensors to pinpoint damage locations on plants. This paper presents an overview of the EB disease and provides an evaluation of recent scientific advances to control the disease. First of all, we describe the outline of this disease, encompassing biological cycles of the Alternaria genus, favorite climate and soil conditions as well as resistant plant species. Second, versatile management practices to minimize the effect of this pathogen at field level are discussed, covering their limitations and pitfalls. A better understanding of the underlying factors of this disease and the potential of novel research can contribute to implementing integrated pest management systems for an ecofriendly farming system. © 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Protracted precarities: The residential mobilities of Poles in Scotland
Authors: McCollum David , Trevena Paulina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe significant inflow of migrants to the United Kingdom following the Eastern EU Enlargement of 2004 is noteworthy due to its scale, intensity and geographic diversity. Recent statistical data suggest that these migrants exhibit spatial mobilities that reflect their disadvantage not just from the White British but also from other minority groups. Drawing on 83 interviews with Polish migrants living in Scotland, this paper illustrates the often‐persistent residential relocations experienced by this group postinternational migration and considers the drivers behind them. A key driver of this is the cycle of low paid and insecure employment that many migrants become entangled in, most frequently on arrival but often also longer term. These insights speak to wider debates about the scholarly dichotomy between international and internal migration and social inequalities in relation to labour market change and associated exposure to labour market and residential precarities.
Physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic modeling to support bioequivalence and approval of generic products: A case for diclofenac sodium topical gel, 1%
Authors: Tsakalozou Eleftheria , Babiskin Andrew , Zhao Liang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEstablishing bioequivalence (BE) for dermatological drug products by conducting comparative clinical end point studies can be costly and the studies may not be sufficiently sensitive to detect certain formulation differences. Quantitative methods and modeling, such as physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling, can support alternative BE approaches with reduced or no human testing. To enable PBPK modeling for regulatory decision making, models should be sufficiently verified and validated (V&V) for the intended purpose. This report illustrates the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of a generic diclofenac sodium topical gel that was based on a totality of evidence, including qualitative and quantitative sameness and physical and structural similarity to the reference product, an in vivo BE study with PK end points, and, more importantly, for the purposes of this report, a virtual BE assessment leveraging dermal PBPK modeling and simulation instead of a comparative clinical end point study in patients. The modeling approach characterized the relationship between systemic (plasma) and local (skin and synovial fluid) diclofenac exposure and demonstrated BE between the generic and reference products at the presumed site of action. Based on the fit‐for‐purpose modeling principle, the V&V process involved assessing observed data of diclofenac concentrations in skin tissues and plasma, and the overall performance of the modeling platform for relevant products. Using this case as an example, this report provides current scientific considerations on good practices for model V&V and the establishment of BE for dermatological drug products when leveraging PBPK modeling and simulation for regulatory decision making.