bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilizing Sawdust and Bottom Ash for Ecological Water Purifying Materials Produced
Authors: Wangrakdiskul U , Kankaew P 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The expanding of industrial sectors has generated a huge number of wastes and further polluted the environment. Sawdust (SD) is considered as residue generating from the sawing, sanding, and milling process of the furniture industry. Likewise, bottom ash (BA) is the generated waste of palm oil mill production process. It is the residue of empty fruit bunch, palm fibre, and palm shell which is fuelled for boiling water in the palm oil plant. Reutilizing these wastes for developing porous purifying water is the objective of this study. Sediment soil and brown glass have been exploited for facilitating plasticity mixtures and reducing firing temperature. Rectangular specimens are moulded by uniaxial pressing at 70 bars. Firing temperature are set up at 950 and 1050 °C. The water filtrated by tested samples is examined and compared with TIS 257-2549 standard, i.e., pH value, turbidity, total dissolved solids. The results express that combination of 40% sawdust, 10% bottom ash, 50% sediment soil, and 40% brown glass fired at 1050° has the potential to be water purifier.
Prediction of Groundwater Level in The Shallow Aquifer Using Artificial Neural Network Approach
Authors: Ardana P D H , Redana I W , Yekti M I , Simpen I N 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In these regions, groundwater is often the most significant source of water. Groundwater level estimation accuracy is a vital component of efficient water supply management. In this paper, an artificial neural network (ANN) with gradient descent with momentum and adaptive learning rate backpropagation algorithm for groundwater level forecasting applications is proposed. The ANN model used an 8-5-3-1 and 8-10-5-1 network architecture with the input parameter of the form such as precipitation, evaporation, atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity, long exposure to the sun and temperature simultaneously and a relatively short length of groundwater level data recorded from January 2017 to December 2019 at two observation wells in the North Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. The study’s findings show that ANN models can predict groundwater levels. It is suggested that more research be conducted on this proposed process, which can then be used to help establish and incorporate more efficient and long-term groundwater management strategies.
Biomimicry: Function and Aesthetic of Vacation Home, Chonburi
Authors: Techaborikiti Suparuek 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The aim of this research is to look into the architecture world today where sustainability and energy consumption are a new trend of urban architecture. The interpretation of biomimicry architecture that involving in biocentric world. The differentiation of biomimicry and biomorphic led to my extrapolate of the decision in understanding between the two. The understanding of biomorphic versus biomimicry is that biomorphic only form that resemble of nature however, biomimicry is the function that adapt through the study of function of nature. Moreover, because biomimicry takes root from nature itself, the adaptation is not too alien to environment built and can achieve the outcome equal or toward energy consumption and sustainability. Introducing project of biomimicry in Chonburi [1] to provide a new architecture design for vacation home in the area for a new way of sustainability living and invitation to new economy attraction to tourists in Thailand. With the analytical to identify the problem in Chonburi where the province ranked number two in Gross Provincial Product (GPP) according to GPP Analysis from TERRABKK. This research study focuses on the combination of function of biomimicry in architecture and architectural aesthetic. The research topic is to study environmental, climate, and site analysis to find the equilibrium price of the area and construction materials that can be found within the area for the design.
Metamorphic Evolution of Calc-silicate Body Enclosed in Charnockitic Gneiss at West Ongul Island, Lützow-Holm Complex, East Antarctica
Authors: Thaworndumrongsakul Penchan , Booth John , Nantasin Prayath , Kim Yoonsup 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper provides a report of a study of a series of boudined bodies of mineralogically zoned calc-silicate bodies, some over 1 m thick, enclosed in granulite facies charnockitic gneisses on West Ongul Island, Lützow-Holm Complex, East Antarctica. Zircons extracted from the centre of one of the calc-silicate bodies indicate that they were metamorphosed around 532.3 ± 0.8 Ma and that the cores of these zircons were inherited from igneous rocks intruded 738.5 ± 1.8 Ma and possibly 605.0 ± 1.2 Ma. The meionite content of scapolite indicates that the peak metamorphic temperature reached a minimum of 790 °C. In the outermost rim of the calc-silicate scapolite is partially replaced by clinopyroxene, probably as a result of the influx of Mg bearing fluids from the surrounding charnockite gneiss during uplift and decompression. An influx of hydrous fluid resulted in the almost complete retrogressive alteration of plagioclase to sericite throughout the calc-silicates, with minor growth of amphibole after clinopyroxene and calcite after scapolite only in the innermost zone.
Interpretation of the apparent activation energy of glass transition
Authors: Shirai Koun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The temperature dependence of the viscosity of glass is a major concern in glass research. The apparent activation energies obtained from Arrhenius plots often show unusual values larger than bond energies, which makes the interpretation of the activation energy difficult. In this study, a reasonable interpretation of the apparent activation energy is obtained along similar lines as those adopted in solid state physics and chemistry. In contrast to the widely held view that the transition occurs at the reference temperature T
0 according to the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann formula, in this work the structural change observed at the calorimetric temperature T

g
is considered as a transition from the liquid to solid phases. The energy barrier for atom rearrangements significantly changes in the transition range with width ΔT

g
. This change in the energy barrier alters the manner in which the apparent activation energy constitutes the Arrhenius form. Analysis of available experimental data shows that the real value of energy barrier is significantly smaller than the apparent activation energy, and the obtained values are in the reasonable range of energy expected for chemical bonds. The overestimation of the apparent activation energy depends on the ratio T

g
/ΔT

g
, which is larger for fragile glasses than for strong glasses. Importantly, the linear term in the temperature dependence of the energy barrier does not appear in Arrhenius plots. This explains why the temperature dependence of viscosity for strong glasses obeys well the Arrhenius law, despite that the temperature dependence of energy barrier is expected for every glass.
Neutron studies of Na-ion battery materials
Authors: Shah Ami R , Shutt Rebecca R C , Smith Keenan , Hack Jennifer , Neville Tobias P , Headen Thomas F , Brett Dan J L , Howard Christopher A , Miller Thomas S , Cullen Patrick L 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The relative vast abundance and more equitable global distribution of terrestrial sodium makes sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) potentially cheaper and more sustainable alternatives to commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the practical capacities and cycle lives of NIBs at present do not match those of LIBs and have therefore hindered their progress to commercialisation. The present drawback of NIB technology stems largely from the electrode materials and their associated Na+ ion storage mechanisms. Increased understanding of the electrochemical storage mechanisms and kinetics is therefore vital for the development of current and novel materials to realise the commercial NIB. In contrast to x-ray techniques, the non-dependency of neutron scattering on the atomic number of elements (Z) can substantially increase the scattering contrast of small elements such as sodium and carbon, making neutron techniques powerful for the investigation of NIB electrode materials. Moreover, neutrons are far more penetrating which enables more complex sample environments including in situ and operando studies. Here, we introduce the theory of, and review the use of, neutron diffraction and quasi-elastic neutron scattering, to investigate the structural and dynamic properties of electrode and electrolyte materials for NIBs. To improve our understanding of the actual sodium storage mechanisms and identify intermediate stages during charge/discharge, ex situ, in situ, and operando neutron experiments are required. However, to date there are few studies where operando experiments are conducted during electrochemical cycling. This highlights an opportunity for research to elucidate the operating mechanisms within NIB materials that are under much debate at present.
Anomalous diffusion in the citation time series of scientific publications
Authors: Zamani Maryam , Aghion Erez , Pollner Peter , Vicsek Tamas , Kantz Holger 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We analyze the citation time-series of manuscripts in three different fields of science; physics, social science and technology. The evolution of the time-series of the yearly number of citations, namely the citation trajectories, diffuse anomalously, their variance scales with time ∝t
2H
, where H ≠ 1/2. We provide detailed analysis of the various factors that lead to the anomalous behavior: non-stationarity, long-ranged correlations and a fat-tailed increment distribution. The papers exhibit a high degree of heterogeneity across the various fields, as the statistics of the highest cited papers is fundamentally different from that of the lower ones. The citation data is shown to be highly correlated and non-stationary; as all the papers except the small percentage of them with high number of citations, die out in time.
Model-free control of dynamical systems with deep reservoir computing
Authors: Canaday Daniel , Pomerance Andrew , Gauthier Daniel J 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We propose and demonstrate a nonlinear control method that can be applied to unknown, complex systems where the controller is based on a type of artificial neural network known as a reservoir computer. In contrast to many modern neural-network-based control techniques, which are robust to system uncertainties but require a model nonetheless, our technique requires no prior knowledge of the system and is thus model-free. Further, our approach does not require an initial system identification step, resulting in a relatively simple and efficient learning process. Reservoir computers are well-suited to the control problem because they require small training data sets and remarkably low training times. By iteratively training and adding layers of reservoir computers to the controller, a precise and efficient control law is identified quickly. With examples on both numerical and high-speed experimental systems, we demonstrate that our approach is capable of controlling highly complex dynamical systems that display deterministic chaos to nontrivial target trajectories.
The Role of Experiments in Monarch Butterfly Conservation: A Review of Recent Studies and Approaches
Authors: Pocius Victoria M , Majewska Ania A , Freedman Micah G 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMonarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) (Lepidoptera Danaidae Danaus plexippus (Linnaeus)) are an iconic species of conservation concern due to declines in the overwintering colonies over the past twenty years. Because of this downward trend in overwintering numbers in both California and Mexico, monarchs are currently considered ‘warranted-but-precluded’ for listing under the Endangered Species Act. Monarchs have a fascinating life history and have become a model system in chemical ecology, migration biology, and host–parasite interactions, but many aspects of monarch biology important for informing conservation practices remain unresolved. In this review, we focus on recent advances using experimental and genetic approaches that inform monarch conservation. In particular, we emphasize three areas of broad importance, which could have an immediate impact on monarch conservation efforts: 1) breeding habitat and host plant use, 2) natural enemies and exotic caterpillar food plants, and 3) the utility of genetic and genomic approaches for understanding monarch biology and informing ongoing conservation efforts. We also suggest future studies in these areas that could improve our understanding of monarch behavior and conservation.
Do we AGREE on the targets of antihypertensive drug treatment in older adults: a systematic review of guidelines on primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Bogaerts Jonathan M K , von Ballmoos Leonie M , Achterberg Wilco P , Gussekloo Jacobijn , Streit Sven , van der Ploeg Milly A , Drewes Yvonne M , Poortvliet Rosalinde K E 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
translation of the available evidence concerning primary cardiovascular prevention into clinical guidance for the heterogeneous population of older adults is challenging. With this review, we aimed to give an overview of the thresholds and targets of antihypertensive drug therapy for older adults in currently used guidelines on primary cardiovascular prevention. Secondly, we evaluated the relationship between the advised targets and guideline characteristics, including guideline quality.

Methods
we systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Emcare and five guideline databases. We selected guidelines with (i) numerical thresholds for the initiation or target values of antihypertensive drug therapy in context of primary prevention (January 2008–July 2020) and (ii) specific advice concerning antihypertensive drug therapy in older adults. We extracted the recommendations and appraised the quality of included guidelines with the AGREE II instrument.

Results
thirty-four guidelines provided recommendations concerning antihypertensive drug therapy in older adults. Twenty advised a higher target of systolic blood pressure (SBP) for octogenarians in comparison with the general population and three advised a lower target. Over half of the guidelines (n = 18) recommended to target a SBP &lt;150 mmHg in the oldest old, while four endorsed targets of SBP lower than 130 or 120 mmHg. Although many guidelines acknowledged frailty, only three gave specific thresholds and targets. Guideline characteristics, including methodological quality, were not related with the recommended targets.

Conclusion
the ongoing debate concerning targets of antihypertensive treatment in older adults, is reflected in an inconsistency of recommendations across guidelines. Recommended targets are largely set on chronological rather than biological age.
Long-term conditions, multimorbidity, lifestyle factors and change in grip strength over 9 years of follow-up: Findings from 44,315 UK biobank participants
Authors: Hurst Christopher , Murray James C , Granic Antoneta , Hillman Susan J , Cooper Rachel , Sayer Avan Aihie , Robinson Sian M , Dodds Richard M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Weak grip strength is associated with a range of adverse health outcomes and an accelerated decline in grip strength confers an even greater risk. The factors associated with change in grip strength in mid-life remain to be fully determined.

Methods
We used data from 44,315 UK Biobank participants who had grip strength measured at baseline (2006-10) and a subsequent visit approximately nine years later. At baseline, participants’ long-term conditions (LTCs) were categorised against a hierarchy, with multimorbidity characterised by the number of LTC categories. Lifestyle factors were assessed. Change in grip strength was grouped into four patterns: decline, stable low, stable high or reference (no change or increase) and used as the outcome in multinomial logistic regression.

Results
Most LTC categories were associated with adverse patterns of change in grip strength (stable low and/or decline): for example, musculoskeletal/trauma conditions were associated with an increased risk of the stable low pattern (Relative Risk Ratio [RRR] = 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.49-1.79). Multimorbidity and lifestyle factors had independent associations with grip strength change. Those with 3+ categories of LTCs were more likely to experience decline in grip strength (RRR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.08-1.28) compared to those with none. Low physical activity was associated with adverse patterns of grip strength, while raised body mass index (BMI) had divergent associations.

Conclusions
Individuals living with multimorbidity and those with lifestyle risk factors such as low physical activity are at increased risk of low muscle strength and the loss of strength over time.
Necrotising fasciitis: clinical judgement and early multidisciplinary collaboration is the key
Authors: Hosty Jennifer , Cheema Ali , Magdum Ashish A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Necrotising fasciitis is a bacterial infection of subcutaneous tissue and fascia, which can rapidly progress to septic shock. Diagnosis is frequently delayed or missed due to non-specific presentation. The laboratory risk indicator for necrotising fasciitis (LRINEC) stratifies risk based on biochemical results, but external validation revealed limited accuracy.
A 78-year-old female with significant co-morbidities presented with right foot pain and erythema. Vital signs were normal and C-reactive protein was 18 mg/l. LNIREC was 0. She was treated for cellulitis, but within 24 h developed skin blistering and necrosis. After consideration of risks, washout and debridement was performed under popliteal block. Recovery was prolonged and complicated by nosocomial infection. This case highlights the importance of clinical suspicion for necrotising fasciitis and the complexity of management decisions considering recovery can be protracted.
Olive oil consumption is associated with lower frailty risk: a prospective cohort study of community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Donat-Vargas Carolina , Domínguez Ligia J , Sandoval-Insausti Helena , Moreno-Franco Belén , Rey-Garcia Jimena , Banegas José R , Rodríguez-Artalejo Fernando , Guallar-Castillón Pilar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
There is no evidence on the specific beneficial association of the main types of olive oil consumption with frailty.

Objective
The aim was to assess the relationship between olive oil consumption and incident frailty in community-dwelling older adults.

Design
Prospective cohort.

Setting
Participants were recruited in 2008–10 and follow-up through 2013.

Subjects
In total, 1,896 older adults aged 60+.

Methods
At baseline, olive oil and other food consumption was collected using a validated dietary history. Incident frailty was defined as having at least three of the following five Fried-based criteria: low physical activity, fatigue, slow walking, muscle weakness and unintentional weight loss. Analyses were performed with logistic regression and adjusted for the major confounders.

Results
Over a mean follow-up of 3.5 years, 135 incident frailty cases were identified. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of frailty across sex-specific tertiles of total olive oil consumption (12.7, 20 and 30.8 g/day, respectively) were: 1 (ref.), 0.52 (0.32, 0.83) and 0.47 (0.29, 0.78), P trend 0.003. When differentiating by olive oil types, the results held for virgin but did not for common (refined) olive oil.

Conclusion
The highest total olive oil consumption (~3 tablespoons), especially if virgin, was associated with half the risk of frailty as the lowest consumption (~1 tablespoon) among older adults. This study suggests that virgin olive oil should be the preferent culinary olive oil type for frailty prevention. If confirmed in other settings, small doses of virgin olive oil could be added as a simple geriatric nutritional advice on the prevention of frailty.
The Wages of Harlotry—Luise White’s The Comforts of Home: Prostitution in Colonial Nairobi (1990–2020)
Authors: Mutongi Kenda 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In “The Wages of Harlotry,” Kenda Mutongi examines the historiographical significance of Luise White’s The Comforts of Home: Prostitution in Colonial Nairobi (1990). She argues that White’s main contribution has been connecting the history of prostitution in Nairobi to histories of family, labor, sexuality, gender, colonial state, housing, urban life, and political economy—that is, White is a pioneer in writing entangled, layered, and intersectional histories that have an enduring influence today despite early skepticism about her work. Drawing partly on scholars’ solicited reminiscences of teaching and reading the book, Mutongi shows that White has been a fierce feminist and a fascinatingly eclectic African historian. To fully understand the influence of White’s book, Mutongi argues, we have to go beyond what we read between its covers and talk with people who lived and worked with White while she was researching and writing the book as well as those who have taught it to different generations of students over the last thirty years.
Freedom with Local Bonds: Custom and Manumission in the Age of Emancipation
Authors: Chira Adriana 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Throughout the first half of the nineteenth century, across Latin America, expansive rural communities of African descent forged freedom from below in the shadows of highly exploitative extractive economies. Their efforts push us to reconsider established genealogies of the age of emancipation. Freedom through conditional manumission and enslaved people’s reliance on social networks to obtain it opened the door to custom inside first-instance district courts in such areas. Judges turned to vernacular understandings of rights and obligations as they clarified the ambiguous statuses of the conditionally freed for which written law offered few provisions. Through manumission and legal actions to defend freedom, peasants of African descent on the margins of the global economic system grounded their rights in state structures as local custom. Black freedom within such territories represents a mode of community governance that remains invisible if studied by focusing on mobility or nation building. Seen from a place such as Santiago de Cuba, the nineteenth century was not just a time when Africans and Afro-descendants pursued social inclusion through ideologies of national citizenship and diasporic connections. It was also a time of freedom through membership in local communities, which women and families were especially instrumental in forging.
Capitulations Redux: The Imperial Genealogy of the Post–World War I “Minority” Regimes
Authors: Robson Laura 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Scholars have long considered the post–World War I minorities regime—defined and encompassed by a series of “minorities treaties” with various Balkan, Eastern European, and Middle Eastern states and the construction of a “Minorities Commission” in the new League of Nations to enforce them—as a basically well-intentioned, if ultimately misguided, first step toward the concept of internationally guaranteed human rights. In fact, the minorities treaties had vanishingly little to do with European concern for actual minority populations anywhere. Rather, they represented a new iteration of an imperial vision that had marked relations between the Ottoman Empire and the European powers of Britain, France, and Russia since the late eighteenth century: the idea, enshrined in the so-called capitulations agreements, that non-Muslim communities within the Ottoman sphere could represent a site of European economic, political, and military intervention and redefine the Ottoman state—and now the emerging nation-states of Eastern Europe, the Balkans, Anatolia, and the Levant—as possessing a lesser form of sovereignty.