bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turbulence of Real Functions
Authors: Barsegian Grigor A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The concept of 𝐴-level sets of real functions 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) (i.e., the solutions of 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝐴 = const) in a given domain admits numerous interpretations in applied sciences: level sets are potential lines, streamlines in hydrodynamics, meteorology and electromagnetics, isobars in gas-dynamics, isotherms in thermodynamics, etc. In fact, the level sets of 𝑢 considered for all values 𝐴 make the “map” of this function and their interpretations in different sciences make the “maps” of the corresponding processes.
In this paper we study the geometry of these maps for broad classes of functions and arbitrary values 𝐴. In particular, we study how much twisted or, speaking in general, how turbulent these maps are.
The concepts and results admit some immediate interpretations and can be stated in terms of flow rotation and turbulence. The study gives a new, in fact a geometric description of these applied phenomena.
A Note on Maximal Operator on 𝐿𝑝(𝑡) (Ω)Spaces
Authors: Kapanadze Ekaterine , Kopaliani Tengiz 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We study the Hardy–Littlewood maximal operator 𝑀 on 𝐿𝑝(·) (Ω), where Ω ∈ is an open bounded domain with a Lipschitz boundary. Under the assumption that the exponent 𝑝 satisfies 1 < inf 𝑝(𝑥) ≤ sup 𝑝(𝑥) < ∞ and 𝑝 ∈ 𝑉𝑀𝑂1/|log|(Ω), we prove that 𝑀 is bounded on 𝐿𝑝(·) (Ω).
The Boundedness of Maximal Functions in Orlicz–Campanato Spaces of Homogeneous Type
Authors: Tao Xiangxing , Chen Qinqin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Let (𝑋,𝑑,μ) be a normal space of homogeneous type, 𝑋+ be the upper half-space equipped with a Carleson measure β, and let Φ be an N-function and φ a suitable function satisfying the doubling property. We prove that the generalized Hardy–Littlewood maximal operator 𝑀 is bounded from the Orlicz–Campanato space 𝐿Φ,φ
(𝑋,μ) to 𝐿Φ,φ
(𝑋+,β).
Impulse Control in Discrete Time
Authors: Bensoussan Alain 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present here impulse control theory in discrete time. We show the connection between quasi-variational inequalities (QVI) in this context, with the standard formulation of dynamic programming. We show that the QVI formulation brings many interesting features, completing the standard formulation of dynamic programming. We study applications to inventory control in discrete time.
On One Boundary Value Problem for a Nonlinear Equation with the Iterated Wave Operator in the Principal Part
Authors: Kharibegashvili Sergo , Midodashvili Bidzina 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
One boundary value problem for a hyperbolic equation with power nonlinearity and the iterated wave operator in the principal part is considered in a conical domain. Depending on the index of nonlinearity and spatial dimensionality of the equation the question on the existence and uniqueness of a solution of a boundary value problem is investigated. The question as to the absence of a solution of this problem is also considered.
On Dynamical Three-Dimensional Fluid-Solid Interaction Problem
Authors: Avalishvili Gia , Avalishvili Mariam , Gordeziani David 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The present paper is devoted to the investigation of one dynamical three-dimensional mathematical model of the fluid-solid interaction. The variational formulation of the corresponding initial boundary problem is considered and a problem for abstract second order evolution equation is formulated, which is a generalization of the three-dimensional initial boundary value problem. For the stated abstract problem the existence and uniqueness of solution, and the energy equality are proved, which yield the corresponding result for the dynamical three-dimensional problem of fluid-solid interaction.
Dual Variational Method for a Fourth Order Dirichlet Problem
Authors: Galewski Marek 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We obtain the existence and stability results for a fourth order Dirichlet problems with nonlinearity being convex in a certain interval. A dual variational method is introduced, which relies on investigating the primal and dual action functionals on certain subsets of their domains. The dependence on a functional parameter for a fourth order Dirichlet problem is considered as a consequence of stability.
The Maximal Operator in Weighted Variable Exponent Spaces on Metric Spaces
Authors: Kokilashvili Vakhtang , Samko Stefan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We study the boundedness of the maximal operator in the weighted variable exponent spaces 𝐿𝑝(·)(𝑋, ϱ) on a doubling measure metric space 𝑋. When 𝑋 is bounded, the weight belongs to a version of a Muckenhoupt-type class, which is narrower than the expected Muckenhoupt condition for a variable exponent, but coincides with the usual Muckenhoupt class 𝐴𝑝 in the case of a constant 𝑝. For the bounded 𝑋 we also consider the class of weights of the form , where the functions 𝑤𝑘(𝑟) have finite upper and lower indices 𝑚(𝑤) and 𝑀(𝑤) satisfying the condition , where 𝔡𝔦𝔪(𝑋) is a version of lower dimension of the space 𝑋. In the case of unbounded 𝑋 we admit weights of the form .
Some of the results are new even in the case of a constant 𝑝. We also deal with some new notions of upper and lower local dimensions of measure metric spaces.
On the Approximation Properties of a Class of Convolution Type Nonlinear Singular Integral Operators
Authors: Karsli Harun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the present paper we obtain both the pointwise convergence and the rate of pointwise convergence theorems of a class of operators defined by

as (𝑥,λ) → (𝑥0,λ
0) in 𝐿1 〈𝑎,𝑏〉, where 〈𝑎,𝑏〉 is an arbitrary interval in 𝑅. Here λ ∈ Λ and Λ is a nonempty set of indices.
On the Approximate Properties of Generalized Cesàro Means of Conjugate Trigonometric Fourier Series
Authors: Akhobadze Teimuraz 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The behavior of generalized Cesàro (𝐶, α
𝑛)-means (α
𝑛 ∈ (–1, 0), 𝑛 = 1, 2, . . .) of conjugate trigonometric Fourier series of 𝐻𝑤 classes in the space of continuous functions is studied.
The Diagonal Mapping in Bmoa-Type Spaces of Analytic Functions on the Polydisk
Authors: Shamoyan Romi F. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
For any holomorphic function 𝑓 on the unit polydisk we consider its restriction to the diagonal, i.e., the function in the unit disc 𝔻 ⊂ ℂ defined by Diag 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑓(𝑧, . . . , 𝑧) and prove that the diagonal map Diag maps the space of the polydisk onto the space of the unit disk.
The Riemann–Hilbert Problem in a Domain with Piecewise Smooth Boundaries in Weight Classes of Cauchy Type Integrals with a Density from Variable Exponent Lebesgue Spaces
Authors: Kokilashvili Vakhtang , Paatashvili Vakhtang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Riemann–Hilbert problem for an analytic function is solved in weighted classes of Cauchy type integrals in a simply connected domain not containing 𝑧 = ∞ and having a density from variable exponent Lebesgue spaces. It is assumed that the domain boundary is a piecewise smooth curve. The solvability conditions are established and solutions are constructed. The solution is found to essentially depend on the coefficients from the boundary condition, the weight, space exponent values at the angular points of the boundary curve and also on the angle values. The non-Fredholmian case is investigated. An application of the obtained results to the Neumann problem is given.
The existence and boundedness of square functions on generalized Orlicz–Campanato spaces
Authors: Zhang Songyan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Let T(ƒ) denote the Littlewood–Paley square operators, including the g-function g(ƒ), Luzin area function S(ƒ) and Stein's function , on the generalized Orlicz–Campanato spaces , where Φ is a N-function satisfying the Δ2 condition and φ a positive function satisfying the doubling property. It is proved that if T(ƒ)(x
0) < ∞ for a single point
, then T(ƒ)(x) exists almost everywhere in , and T(ƒ) is bounded on the spaces .
Backward stochastic PDEs related to the utility maximization problem
Authors: Mania Michael , Tevzadze Revaz 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We study utility maximization problem for general utility functions using the dynamic programming approach. An incomplete financial market model is considered, where the dynamics of asset prices is described by an -valued continuous semimartingale. Under some regularity assumptions, we derive the backward stochastic partial differential equation related directly to the primal problem and show that the strategy is optimal if and only if the corresponding wealth process satisfies a certain forward stochastic differential equation. The cases of power, exponential and logarithmic utilities are considered as examples.
Polynomial approximation of functions in weighted Lebesgue and Smirnov spaces with nonstandard growth
Authors: Akgün Ramazan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This work deals with basic approximation problems such as direct, inverse and simultaneous theorems of trigonometric approximation of functions of weighted Lebesgue spaces with a variable exponent on weights satisfying a variable Muckenhoupt A

p(·) type condition. Several applications of these results help us transfer the approximation results for weighted variable Smirnov spaces of functions defined on sufficiently smooth finite domains of complex plane ℂ.
AGRONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE SUNFLOWER 7-HYDROXYLATED SIMPLE COUMARINS / ASPECTOS AGRONÓMICOS DE LAS CUMARINAS SIMPLES 7- HIDROXILADAS EN GIRASOL / ASPECTS AGRONOMIQUES DE 7 COUMARINES HYDROXYLES SIMPLES CHEZ LE TOURNESOL
Authors: Prats-Perez Elena , Bazzalo María Eugenia , León Alberto , Novo Jesús V. Jorrín 
Published: February 2021

SUMMARY
Sunflower and other Helianthus ssp. produced, among other secondary metabolites, the coumarins scopoletin, scopolin and ayapin. In the most general sense they can be defined as stress metabolites, their synthesis being induced in response to adverse environmental condition, both biotic and abiotic. The pattern of coumarin synthesis and accumulation depends on plant variety, it is tissue dependent and developmentally regulated. Coumarin synthesis in sunflower seems to be part of the defence strategy against microorganisms, insect and parasitic plants. From an agricultural point of view the defensive potential of these compounds can be exploited in order to develop resistant varieties (either by classical plant breeding or by biotechnology) or crop protection strategies involving the use of chemicals which induced coumarin synthesis.
QUALITY OF SOME INDIAN SUNFLOWER GENOTYPES AND UTILIZATION OF CAKES IN SNACK FOODS / CALIDAD DE CIERTOS GENOTIPOS INDIOS DEL GIRASOL Y LA UTILIZACION DE TORTADAS DE GIRASOL EN LOS PRODUCTOS A MORDISCAR / QUALITÉ DE QUELQUES GÉNOTYPES DE TOURNESOL INDIEN ET UTILISATION DE GALETTES DE TOURNESOL DANS LES PETITS HORS-D’OEUVRE
Authors: Praveena B. , Srinivas C.V.S. , Nagaraj G. 
Published: February 2021

SUMMARY
Studies have been carried out on the quality and utilization of sunflower seed and cake. Sunflower hybrids have been examined for their proximate composition, micronutrients, fatty acid profile and tocopherol content. The major fatty acids namely oleic and linoleic acids, were 36-50% and 42-54%, respectively. Micronutrients like zinc, copper, manganese and iron were analyzed in various genotypes; zinc content ranged from 50 to 107.2 μg/g, copper 24.4-39.6 μg/g, manganese 28.2-89.6 μg/g and iron between 305 and 392 μg/g. Alpha, beta and gamma tocopherols ranged between 406 and 485, 35 and 56 and 4 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. MSFH 8 had high levels of tocopherols and micronutrients.
Sunflower cake flour and protein isolates were utilized in the preparation of biscuits and some snack food items like pakodi and chapati. Protein isolates added at 5% levels increased protein content of biscuits from 12 g/100g to 16 g/100g. At 10% level the protein content was 20 g/100g. Taste panel acceptability was 75-80% for the biscuits and snack foods against 100% for the control. There is thus a good opportunity for utilization of sunflower seed and cake flours and their protein isolates as food ingredients in India.
EVALUATION OF SPANISH ISOLATES OF Plasmopara halstedii FOR TOLERANCE TO METALAXYL / EVALUACIÓN DE AISLADOS ESPAÑOLES DE Plasmopara halstedii POR SU TOLERANCIA A METALAXYL / ÉVALUATION DES ISOLATS DU CHAMPIGNON Plasmopara halstedii D’ORIGINE ESPAGNOLE D’APRÈS LEURS RÉACTIONS AU MÉTALAXYL
Authors: Molinero Ruiz L. , Domínguez J. , Melero-Vara J.M. 
Published: February 2021

SUMMARY
One out of 42 Spanish isolates of P.halstedii ascribed to races 1, 2, 4, 6, 7 or 10 showed consistent tolerance to metalaxyl when seeds of sunflower ‘Peredovik’, treated with this fungicide at 2 g.a.i./kg, were inoculated by wholeseedling dipping. When this metalaxyl-tolerant isolate of P.halstedii was inoculated to sunflower seedlings by this method, the fungicide seemed to affect neither zoosporangia nor zoospores. In contrast, the incidence of seedlings with high sporulation on cotyledons after 10-12-day incubation was significantly decreased with increasing dosages of metalaxyl applied to the seeds of sunflower. EC50 of this tolerant isolate of P.halstedii was estimated at 3.5-5 g.a.i./ kg.
RESISTANCE TO DISEASES, OBTAINED THROUGH INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION / RESISTENCIA A LAS ENFERMEDADES OBTENIDA POR LA HIBRIDIZACION INTERSPECIES / RÉSISTANCE À LA MALADIE OBTENUE PAR HYBRIDATION INTERSPECIES
Authors: Nikolova Liudmila , Shindrova Pepa , Entcheva Valentina 
Published: February 2021

SUMMARY
Two accessions of the wild species Helianthus annuus L., GT-E-112 and GT-E-126, carried genes for resistance to Plasmopara helianthi Novot., Phomopsis
helianthi Munt.-Cvet. et al. and Orobanche cumana Wallr. The material produced by interspecific hybridization with susceptible cultivated sunflower showed resistance to the three pathogens. Some progenies were resistant to two pathogens simultaneously. Self pollination helped to increase the percentage of resistance up to 100%. Accessions GT-E-112 and GT-E-126 of the wild species Helianthus annuus could be successfully used as donors for resistance to Plasmopara helianthi, Phomopsis helianthi and Orobanche
cumana.
GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF SUNFLOWER MUTANTS WITH HIGH CONTENT OF SATURATED FATTY ACIDS IN SEED OIL / CARACTERIZACION GENETICA DE MUTANTES DE GIRASOL CON ALTO CONTENIDO EN ACIDOS GRASOS SATURADOS / CARACTÉRISATION GÉNÉTIQUE DES MUTANTS DE TOURNESOL À HAUT CONTENU D’ACIDES GRAS SATURÉS DANS L’HUILE
Authors: Pérez-Vich Begoña , Garcés Rafael , Fernández-Martínez Jose M. 
Published: February 2021

SUMMARY
The genetic control of the high saturated fatty acid content in sunflower seed oil has been studied in the high palmitic acid (C16:0) mutant line CAS-5, and in the high stearic acid (C18:0) mutant line CAS-3. This review summarizes the pertinent results. The high saturated fatty acid content in sunflower seed oil is controlled by partially recessive alleles at two loci (Es1, Es2) for the high C18:0 content and at three loci (P1, P2, P3) for the high C16:0 content. The high C16:0 and the high C18:0 traits are not inherited independently. When their combined segregation was studied, the expected phenotypic expression of both high C16:0 and high C18:0 levels was not observed. This fact was attributed to the existence of an epistatic effect of the loci controlling the high C16:0 trait on the loci controlling the high C18:0 trait. The results obtained indicate that sunflower hybrids with a high saturated fatty acid content in their seed oil can be developed and will be in cultivation in a few years.
YIELD OF DIFFERENT HEAD POSITIONS OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH VASCULARIZATION / RENDIMIENTO EN DIFERENTES POSICIONES DEL CAPÍTULO DE GIRASOL (Helianthus annuus L.) Y SU RELACIÓN CON LA VASCULARIZACIÓN / LE RENDEMENT DES DIFFERENTS ZONES DU CAPITULES DU TOURNESOL (Helianthus annuus L.) Y SON RELATION AVEC LA VASCULARISATION
Authors: Thevenon M.A. , Dosio G.A.A. , Cardinali F.J. , Aguirrezábal L.A.N. 
Published: February 2021

SUMMARY
This work was aimed to study, under different levels of radiation intercepted by the plants during the seed filling stage, the relationship between yield and vascularization in three concentric positions of the capitulum. At the end of flowering, we applied shading (to reduce intercepted radiation) and thinning (to increase it) to three culture plots: a shaded plot, a thinned plot and a shaded and thinned plot. One additional untreated plot was used as control. We harvested heads at flowering and at physiological maturity. We delimited on them three positions: outer, middle and inner. Portions of each position were extracted from physiological maturity heads and their yield components were determined. The remaining heads were fixed in F.A.A., soaked in paraffin, and transversely cut at seed insertion to measure vascularization variables (phloem and sieve tubes area, number of tranverse and longitudinal bundles and sieve pores diameter). The head area unit was used as a base in all measurements. Shading reduced dry weight in the three positions. The middle position showed the highest yield and the inner showed the lowest in the four plots. The yield of the former was high because its lower individual seed weight (decreasing from periphery to center in all plots) was compensated by a higher number of filled seeds. However, average sieve pores radius was similar among positions, and phloem and sieve tubes areas were similar among positions and treatments, which could not account for the differences in yield per head area unit between positions. This enables us to conclude that this variation would not be produced by vascularization lack.
A Characterization for the Hot Flow Behaviors of As-extruded 7050 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Quan Guo-zheng , Liu Jin , Mao An , Liu Bo , Zhang Jin-sheng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The deep understanding of flow behaviors of as-extruded 7050 aluminum alloy significantly contributes to the accuracy simulation for its various plastic forming processes. In order to obtain the improved Arrhenius-type equation with variable parameters for this alloy, a series of compression tests were performed at temperatures of 573 K, 623 K, 673 K, 723 K and strain rates of 0.01 s−1, 0.1 s−1, 1 s−1, 10 s−1 with a height reduction of 60% on Gleeble-1500 thermo-mechanical simulator. It is obvious that strain rate, strain and temperature all have a significant effect on the hot flow behaviors, and the true stress–true strain curves indicate three types after the peak value: decreasing gradually to a steady state with sustaining DRX softening till a balance with work hardening, decreasing continuously with sustaining increasing DRX softening beyond work hardening and maintaining higher stress level after the peak value with a balance between work hardening and DRV softening. Based on the experimental data, the improved Arrhenius-type constitutive model was established to predict the high temperature flow stress of as-extruded 7050 aluminum alloy. The accuracy and reliability of the improved Arrhenius-type model were further evaluated in terms of the correlation coefficient (R), here 0.98428, the average absolute relative error (AARE), here 3.5%. The results indicate that the improved Arrhenius-type constitutive model presents a good predictable ability.
Narratives of Constitutionalization in the European Union Court of Justice and in the European Court of Human Rights’ Case Law
Authors: Arcari Maurizio , Ninatti Stefania 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Constitutionalization is a peculiar process which characterizes the whole fabric of modern international law. It may however display different levels of evolution and different implications when distinct legal sub-systems are considered: this appears to be especially true at the European level, in particular in the context of the European Union law and of the European Convention on Human Rights. This article aims at unveiling the key elements of the constitutionalization process as developed by the judges sitting in Luxembourg and Strasbourg. In their relevant case law, both the EU Court of Justice (ECJ) and the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) have identified the core concepts and elements lying behind the constitutionalization of their respective legal systems. The analysis of the ECJ and ECtHR case law will be divided into two different parts dealing with the internal dimension from one side, and external one from the other side. While presenting nuances and implications that are linked to the diverse degree of integration of the two legal systems, it may be submitted that the core elements of constitutionalization depicted by the Luxembourg and Strasbourg judges reveal some common patterns.
A Single Spark Can Start a Prairie Fire
Authors: Zuo Yilu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article examines the human flesh search (Ren Rou Sou Suo), which may be the most salient and controversial phenomenon in the Chinese cyberspace. Unlike the conventional view that treats the human flesh search as illegal or trivial, this article argues that: first, the human flesh search may indeed have some ‘bad’ aspects (eg libel and privacy infringement), but the laws we have so far are sufficient in regulating these ‘bad’ aspects without scapegoating the entire human flesh search; second, and more importantly, every human flesh search is an online free speech mass movement. It gives millions of ordinary Chinese citizens a chance to express themselves in various forms and on wide-ranging topics, and allows them to create a new and more democratic culture. For the first time, activating the long dormant Article 47 of the Chinese Constitution and creating a culture ‘of the people, by the people, for the people’ may become possible in China.
Austrian Constitutional Court: Vegan Landowner Must Tolerate Hunting on his Property
Authors: Palmstorfer Nina 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
It follows from the settled case-law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) that the legal obligation of landowners to tolerate hunting on their property, although they oppose hunting on ethical grounds, may constitute a violation of the right to the peaceful enjoyment of one’s possessions. On the occasion of a landowner’s constitutional complaint the Austrian Constitutional Court assessed such obligation under the Carinthian Hunting Act and came to a different conclusion. In Austria there was a particular public interest in the comprehensive management of game which justifies the obligation to tolerate hunting despite of one’s beliefs. The landowner’s possibility to have the hunt suspended on land that is fully enclosed by a stable fence provided for in the provision was considered appropriate in order to protect the owners’ ethical interests. The Austrian Constitutional Court thus found that the compulsory hunting on one’s land in Carinthia does not violate Article 1 of Protocol No 1 to the ECHR.
Austrian Constitutional Court: Presidential Election – Analysis in the Light of the previous Jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court
Authors: Dorner Julia , Volgger Anna 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The decision of the Austrian Constitutional Court to annul the run-off election of the Federal President in 2016 has caused a broad (and overdue) discussion in the field of voting regulations. The important task of electoral jurisdiction conferred to the Constitutional Court is highly delicate, linking the political and democratic process to the competence of the Constitutional Court to safeguard the rule of law and the constitutionality of elections.
Hungarian Constitutional Court: The Limits of EU Law in the Hungarian Legal System
Authors: Drinóczi Tímea 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Constitutional Court declared in its ruling 22/2016 (XII 5) that by exercising its competences, it can examine whether the joint exercise of competences under Article E) (2) of the Fundamental Law of Hungary infringes human dignity, other fundamental rights, the sovereignty of Hungary, or Hungary’s self-identity based on its historical constitution.