bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The PRECISE-DAPT score and 5-year outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention: a large-scale, real-world study from China
Authors: Zhao Xueyan , Li Jiawen , Liu Fangchao , Zhu Pei , Jiang Lin , Tang Xiaofang , Xu Jingjing , Song Ying , Chen Jue , Qiao Shubin , Yang Yuejin , Gao Runlin , Xu Bo , Han Yaling , Yuan Jinqing 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aims
The PRECISE-DAPT (predicting bleeding complications in patients undergoing stent implantation and subsequent dual-antiplatelet therapy) score is recommended by guidelines for predicting out-of-hospital bleeding in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, the long-term prognostic value of the PRECISE-DAPT score in patients after PCI remains unclear.

Methods and results
We performed a prospective study of 10 724 patients who underwent PCI throughout 2013 in Fuwai Hospital. The bleeding endpoint was Bleeding Academic Research Consortium 2, 3, or 5 bleeding. The ischaemic endpoints were all-cause death and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). After a 5-year follow-up, 10 109 patients were finally analysed. A total of 415 (4.11%) patients experienced bleeding, 364 (3.60%) experienced all-cause death, and 2049 (20.27%) had MACCE. Using Cox regression, the risks of bleeding [hazard ratio (HR): 1.721, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.180–2.511, P = 0.005], MACCE (HR: 1.607, 95% CI: 1.347–1.917, P &lt; 0.001), and all-cause-death (HR: 3.902, 95% CI: 2.916–5.221, P &lt; 0.001) in patients with a high score were significantly higher than those in patients with a low score. The PRECISE-DAPT score showed prognostic value for 5-year events of bleeding (C-statistic: 0.566, 95% CI: 0.537–0.594), MACCE (C-statistic: 0.540, 95% CI: 0.527–0.553), and all-cause death (C-statistic: 0.673, 95% CI: 0.644–0.702).

Conclusion
After 5 years of follow-up, the PRECISE-DAPT score has a statistically significant predictive value for long-term bleeding events in the Chinese PCI population, and also some prognostic value for death and MACCE.

One-sentence Summary
In this real-world, large-sample study, the PRECISE-DAPT (predicting bleeding complications in patients undergoing stent implantation and subsequent dual-antiplatelet therapy) score shows a statistically significant 5-year predictive value for bleeding in Chinese patients with percutaneous coronary intervention and dual-antiplatelet therapy. The study also shows that the PRECISE-DAPT score has moderate predictive value for all-cause death.
Orthodontic tooth movement-activated sensory neurons contribute to enhancing osteoclast activity and tooth movement through sympathetic nervous signalling
Authors: Kondo Hisataka , Kondo Mayo , Hayashi Kaori , Kusafuka Sae , Hamamura Kazunori , Tanaka Kenjiro , Kodama Daisuke , Hirai Takao , Sato Takuma , Ariji Yoshiko , Miyazawa Ken , Ariji Eiichiro , Goto Shigemi , Togari Akifumi 
Published: September 2021

SummaryObjectivesOrthodontic tooth movement (OTM) increases sympathetic and sensory neurological markers in periodontal tissue. However, the relationship between the sympathetic and sensory nervous systems during OTM remains unclear. Therefore, the present study investigated the relationship between the sympathetic and sensory nervous systems activated by OTM using pharmacological methods.Materials and MethodsWe compared the effects of sympathectomy and sensory nerve injury during OTM in C57BL6/J mice. Capsaicin (CAP) was used to induce sensory nerve injury. Sympathectomy was performed using 6-hydroxydopamine. To investigate the effects of a β-agonist on sensory nerve injury, isoproterenol (ISO) was administered to CAP-treated mice. Furthermore, to examine the role of the central nervous system in OTM, the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) was ablated using gold thioglucose.ResultsSensory nerve injury and sympathectomy both suppressed OTM and decreased the percent of the alveolar socket covered with osteoclasts (Oc.S/AS) in periodontal tissue. Sensory nerve injury inhibited increases in OTM-induced calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactivity (IR), a marker of sensory neurons, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) IR, a marker of sympathetic neurons, in periodontal tissue. Although sympathectomy did not decrease the number of CGRP-IR neurons in periodontal tissue, OTM-induced increases in the number of TH-IR neurons were suppressed. The ISO treatment restored sensory nerve injury-inhibited tooth movement and Oc.S/AS. Furthermore, the ablation of VMH, the centre of the sympathetic nervous system, suppressed OTM-induced increases in tooth movement and Oc.S/AS.ConclusionsThe present results suggest that OTM-activated sensory neurons contribute to enhancements in osteoclast activity and tooth movement through sympathetic nervous signalling.
Assumptions Not Often Assessed or Satisfied in Published Mediation Analyses in Psychology and Psychiatry
Authors: Stuart Elizabeth A , Schmid Ian , Nguyen Trang , Sarker Elizabeth , Pittman Adam , Benke Kelly , Rudolph Kara , Badillo-Goicoechea Elena , Leoutsakos Jeannie-Marie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Mediation analysis aims to investigate the mechanisms of action behind the effects of interventions or treatments. Given the history and common use of mediation in mental health research, we conducted this review to understand how mediation analysis is implemented in psychology and psychiatry and whether analyses adhere to, address, or justify the key underlying assumptions of their approaches. All articles (n = 206) were from top academic psychiatry or psychology journals in the PsycInfo database and were published in English from 2013 to 2018. Information extracted from each article related to study design, covariates adjusted for in the analysis, temporal ordering of variables, and the specific method used to perform the mediation analysis. In most studies, underlying assumptions were not adhered to. Only approximately 20% of articles had full temporal ordering of exposure, mediator, and outcome. Confounding of the exposure–mediator and/or mediator–outcome relationships was controlled for in fewer than half of the studies. In almost none of the articles were the underlying assumptions of their approaches discussed or causal mediation methods used. These results provide insights to how methodologists should aim to communicate methods, and motivation for more outreach to the research community on best practices for mediation analysis.
Spreading Clio: a quantitative analysis of the first 25 years of theEuropean Review of Economic History
Authors: Cioni Martina , Federico Giovanni , Vasta Michelangelo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper traces the history of the first 25 years of the European Economic History Review (EREH) comparing its initial agenda with its actual publication record and measuring its success with citation data. We rely on a database of all articles published in the EREH and in the four other top field journals from 1997 to 2020. The EREH has been a great success becoming, as planned at its establishment, the main outlet for continental European scholars and expanding somewhat its remit. Nonetheless, EREH needs to do an extra mile to fill the remaining gap with the more established field journals.
AI ethical bias: a case for AI vigilantism (AIlantism) in shaping the regulation of AI
Authors: Nwafor Ifeoma Elizabeth 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The debate on the ethical challenges of artificial intelligence (AI) is nothing new. Researchers and commentators have highlighted the deficiencies of AI technology regarding visible minorities, women, youth, seniors and indigenous people. Currently, there are several ethical guidelines and recommendations for AI. These guidelines provide ethical principles and humancentred values to guide the creation of responsible AI. Since these guidelines are non-binding, it has no significant effect. It is time to harness initiatives to regulate AI globally and incorporate human rights and ethical standards in AI creation. The government need to intervene, and discriminated groups should lend their voice to shape AI regulation to suit their circumstances. This study highlights the discriminatory and technological risks suffered by minority/marginalised groups owing to AI’s ethical dilemma. As a result, it recommends the guarded deployment of AI vigilantism to regulate the use of AI technologies and prevent harm arising from AI systems’ operations. The appointed AI vigilantes will comprise mainly persons/groups with an increased risk of their rights being disproportionately impacted by AI. It is a well-intentioned group that will work with the government to avoid abuse of powers.
Thermomechanical Combination Injuries: A Rare But Life-Threatening Entity
Authors: Muenzberg Matthias , Kaeppler Kathrin , Hundeshagen Gabriel , Kenngott Theresa , Ziegler Benjamin , Gruetzner Paul Alfred , Kneser Ulrich , Hirche Christoph 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThermomechanical combination injuries (TMCIs) are feared for their demanding preclinical and clinical management and bear the risk of high mortality compared to the single injury of a severe burn or multiple trauma. There remains a significant lack of standardized algorithms for diagnostics and therapy of this rare entity. The objective of the present study was to profile TMCI aiming at standardized procedures. In this study, TMCIs were extracted from our burn database of a level 1 burn and trauma center. From 2004 to 2017, all patients with TMCI were retrospectively analyzed. Further inclusion criteria were multiple trauma accompanied by burn with ≥10% TBSA. Patient and injury characteristics including injury severity score and outcome parameter were analyzed. A total of 45 patients matched the selective inclusion criteria of TMCI, comprising 4% of all burn injuries during the period. The average age was 38 years (range: 14–86), with a mean TBSA of 43% (range: 10–97%). The mean recorded temperature at admission was 34.8°C (range: 29.6–37.1) with 2215 ml volume of resuscitation fluids (range: 500–8000) administered preclinically in total. The mean injury severity score was 16. The overall mortality rate was 22%. TMCIs are rare and life-threatening events that require highly qualified management in combined level 1 trauma and burn centers to address both burn and trauma treatment. The multiple injury pattern is diverse, complicating standardized management in view of burn care-specific measures, as normothermia and restrictive volume management. The present study reveals further profiles and underlines the need for addressing TMCIs in ABLS®, ATLS®, and PHTLS® programs.
Engineering robust microorganisms for organic acid production
Authors: Tran Vinh G , Zhao Huimin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Organic acids are an important class of compounds that can be produced by microbial conversion of renewable feedstocks and have huge demands and broad applications in food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries. An economically viable fermentation process for production of organic acids requires robust microbial cell factories with excellent tolerance to low pH conditions, high concentrations of organic acids, and lignocellulosic inhibitors. In this review, we summarize various strategies to engineer robust microorganisms for organic acid production and highlight their applications in a few recent examples.
Validation of Diagnostic Methods for European Foulbrood on Commercial Honey Bee Colonies in the United States
Authors: Milbrath Meghan O’Grady , Fowler Peter Daniel , Abban Samuel K , Lopez Dawn , Evans Jay D 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOne of the most serious bacterial pathogens of Western honey bees (Apis mellifera Linnaeus [Hymenoptera: Apidae]) is Melissococcus plutonius, the cause of the disease European foulbrood. Because European foulbrood is highly variable, with diverse outcomes at both the individual and colony levels, it is difficult to diagnose through visual inspection alone. Common lab diagnostic techniques include microscopic examination and molecular detection through PCR. In 2009, a lateral flow device was developed and validated for field diagnosis of European foulbrood. At the time, M. plutonius was thought to be genetically homogenous, but we have subsequently learned that this bacterium exists as multiple strains, including some strains that are classified as ‘atypical’ for which the lateral flow device is potentially less effective. These devices are increasingly used in the United States, though they have never been validated using strains from North America. It is essential to validate this device in multiple locations as different strains of M. plutonius circulate in different geographical regions. In this study, we validate the field use of the lateral flow device compared to microscopic examination and qPCR on larval samples from 78 commercial honey bee colonies in the United States with visual signs of infection. In this study, microscopic diagnosis was more sensitive than the lateral flow device (sensitivity = 97.40% and 89.47%, respectively), and we found no false positive results with the lateral flow device. We find high concurrence between the three diagnostic techniques, and all three methods are highly sensitive for diagnosing European foulbrood.
Absolute lymphocyte count is an independent predictor of survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab
Authors: Ueda Kosuke , Suekane Shigetaka , Kurose Hirofumi , Ogasawara Naoyuki , Hiroshige Tasuku , Chikui Katsuaki , Uemura Keiichiro , Nakiri Makoto , Nishihara Kiyoaki , Matsuo Mitsunori , Igawa Tsukasa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
Programmed cell death-1 antibody therapy has demonstrated improved progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. However, there are limited studies on biomarkers that can predict the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. We examined the influence of peripheral inflammatory biomarkers on the clinical outcomes of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab.

Methods
Data of 38 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, who were treated with nivolumab monotherapy after receiving at least one molecular targeted therapy from November 2016 to February 2021, were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed.

Results
Median progression-free survival and overall survival were significantly shorter in patients with low absolute lymphocyte count (&lt;1300/μl) versus those with high absolute lymphocyte count (progression-free survival: P = 0.0102; overall survival: P = 0.0026). Median overall survival was shorter in patients with high neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (≥3.0) versus those with low neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (P = 0.0344). Multivariate analysis showed that absolute lymphocyte count was an independent factor for progression-free survival (hazard ratio = 2.332, 95% confidence interval = 1.012–5.375, P = 0.0468) and overall survival (hazard ratio = 4.153, 95% confidence interval = 1.108–15.570, P = 0.0347). Increased absolute lymphocyte count, 1 month after nivolumab initiation, was a positive predictive factor for progression-free survival (hazard ratio = 0.419, 95% confidence interval = 0.189–0.926, P = 0.0317) and overall survival (hazard ratio = 0.285, 95% confidence interval = 0.091–0.890, P = 0.0308).

Conclusion
Our study indicates that peripheral absolute lymphocyte count, before nivolumab initiation, is a predictor of poor response in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Additionally, increased absolute lymphocyte count, 1 month post-nivolumab initiation, can be a predictor of the effects of nivolumab.
Once We Were Refugees: Refugees, Security, Solidarity and a View from the Global South—A Case Study of the Rohingya Reception in Bangladesh
Authors: Sajjad Tazreena 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe 2017 violence in Myanmar led to an exodus of Rohingya to Bangladesh. Today, it hosts a million refugees and is home to the world’s largest camp. Bangladesh’s response to the new arrivals was described as ‘exemplary’, defined by widespread assistance and messages of solidarity expressed by the current government towards the Rohingya. Yet, Bangladesh is not a state party to the Refugee Convention, is reluctant to serve as a long-term host, and is serving as one within a global context that has popularized fortifications as a means of migrant deterrence. Given its own strained resources and security concerns, what explains Bangladesh’s approach? And what produced the shift towards the security narrative within three years of the Rohingya crisis? This project traces the discursive frameworks through which Bangladesh legitimized its policies towards the Rohingya and the sources from which its norms of solidarity and that of refugee restriction were generated.
Gallbladder adenosquamous carcinoma: a case report and literature review
Authors: Davis Tyler , Moudy Paige , Abdelgawad Mohamed , Barghuthi Lutfi , Ismael Hishaam 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Representing 90–95% of all malignant gallbladder neoplasms, adenocarcinoma is by far the most common subtype. Adenosquamous carcinoma is a rare subtype, accounting for only 1–5% of all gallbladder carcinomas. These tumors have been shown to have aggressive biologic behavior, commonly extending to adjacent structures. Some studies have shown that the squamous component often displayed a greater proliferative capacity than the adenocarcinomatous component (possibly even up to twice as fast). Complete surgical resection is currently the mainstay of treatment but the prognosis is often poor. In this paper, we present a case of a 69-year-old male with an AJCC Stage IV moderately differentiated adenosquamous carcinoma of the gallbladder treated with radical cholecystectomy including liver segments IVb, V, VI.
SMARCB1 (INI1) retained but SMARCA4 (BRG1) negative atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor arising at the bilateral cerebellopontine angles: a case report
Authors: Mitsui Nobuyuki , Oikawa Kensuke , Tanino Mishie , Kinoshita Manabu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMost atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) of the central nervous system shows an inactivation of SMARCB1 (INI1) and is considered as the hallmark of this neoplasm. However, AT/RT could exceptionally rarely present retained SMARCB1 (INI1) but inactivated SMARCA4 (BRG1). Here, the authors report a rare case of a 2-year-old boy with a SMARCB1 (INI1) retained but SMARCA4 (BRG1) negative AT/RT arising at the bilateral cerebellopontine angles mimicking neurofibromatosis type 2. The tumor was highly aggressive and was refractory to all treatment modalities. This case highlights the challenges during differential diagnosis of atypical cerebellopontine angle tumors of childhood and the importance of thoroughly investigating SMARCB1 (INI1) and SMARCA4 (BRG1) when AT/RT is suspected.
A case from the future of HPB surgical oncology: resection of biliary tract cancer after immunotherapy
Authors: Satyananda Vikas , Chouliaras Konstantinos , Cherkassky Leonid , Schwarz Roderich E 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) have limited response to systemic therapy and poor prognosis. Immunotherapy in BTCs has been investigated in recent years. Here, we report a case of locally advanced, unresectable gallbladder adenocarcinoma that progressed on chemotherapy. The patient was then treated with ipilimumab and nivolumab, which resulted in tumor shrinkage and autoimmune hepatitis, but established technical resectability. He underwent complete resection through extended right hepatectomy with en bloc cholecystectomy bile duct resection, hepatic and portal lymphadenectomy and Roux-Y hepaticojejunostomy reconstruction. The final pathology revealed a pathologic complete response. The scope of operative intervention after immunotherapy is still evolving for BTCs. Establishing resectability in tumors not susceptible to cytotoxic agents but responding to immunotherapy not only facilitates curative intent resection but also enhances the importance of infection prevention through operative stent-free long-term biliary decompression. Immunotherapy may also carry a unique risk profile for post-operative morbidity potential as in this case with autoimmune hepatitis.
Perforated viscus as first presentation of Crohn’s disease: a case report
Authors: Lee Jia Hui , Tey Tze Tong , Foo Fung Joon , Koh Frederick 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Bowel perforation as the first presentation of inflammatory bowel disease is rare and unusual in young patients. A previously asymptomatic 21-year-old Asian male presented with perforated small bowel secondary to previously undiagnosed Crohn’s disease. He underwent an exploratory laparotomy and subsequent small bowel resection and was commenced on mesalazine post-operation. He recovered well with subsequent regular follow-up with gastroenterology. The main management of Crohn’s disease is multidisciplinary in nature, and collaboration between different disciplines is inherent with the aim of reducing symptoms and maximizing patient quality of life.
Multifidus muscle retracted and preserved in resection of malignant bone tumor in the sacral ala
Authors: Sakamoto Akio , Otsuki Bungo , Noguchi Takashi , Matsuda Shuichi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractResection of malignant tumors in the posterior pelvis requires multidirectional approaches for the resection and the subsequent spine-pelvic fixation. The multifidus muscle can be scarified during the operation. This is a case report of a 44-year-old male with a secondary chondrosarcoma arising from an osteochondroma in the sacral ala. Recurrence occurred 11 months after the initial operation, and the resected tissue from the recurrence was diagnosed as a chondrosarcoma. In both operations, the multifidus muscle was elevated from its distal attachment to provide an adequate view of the tumor resection and insertion of spine-pelvic instrumentation. An adequate view by elevation of the multifidus muscle is useful for a safe operation. A preserved multifidus muscle covering the instrumentation may reduce the risk of infection. The elevation and preservation of the multifidus muscle is an easy and simple method that contributes to successful resection of a malignant tumor of the pelvis.
Postoperative chylous leak after a laparoscopic low anterior resection: a case report
Authors: La Francesca Matías Ezequiel , López Carolina , Kraiñski María Sol , Hanndorf Fiorela , Laporte Mariano 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Chylous leakage is an unusual event after abdominal surgery and even more during colorectal procedures. The management of this complication is already discussed in medical literature. In our case a laparoscopic low anterior resection to an 81-year-old woman with a sigmoid and rectum colon tumor was done. The fourth day after surgery postoperative chylous leakage was diagnosed. It was treated with suspension of oral feeding, total parenteral nutrition and Octreotide with a favorable resolution.
On Certain Types of Nonstandard Compounds in Contemporary Hebrew
Authors: Shatil Nimrod 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article deals with nominal phrases which are similar to appositions in their form (glída vanil) and sometimes parallel to construct states (glidat vanil) in their function (both exam ples meaning ‘vanilla ice cream’). These phrases are termed here juxtapositions. The article examines the semantic relationship between construct states and juxtapositions with identical components, whether they constitute opposition, synonymy or complementary distribution. The corpus is based primarily on Web data and other contemporary sources, but a diachronic view is provided as well. The article describes a number of domains in which juxtapositions are prevalent. These include expression of quantities, as in recipes (giv’olim ’aspragus) (asparagus stalks); commercial catalogue item listings such as xultsa géver (a man’s shirt; a kind of shirt); and colloquial emotional expressions like ’aruxa zva’a (lit. a horror meal, ‘a dreadful meal’). Other domains are described as well.1