bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyracantha coccinea (scarlet firethorn).
Authors: Vélez-Gavilán Jeanine 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Pyracantha coccinea is a thorny shrub, native to southern Europe and western Asia, which has been widely introduced, primarily as an ornamental plant. It is of some concern due to its potential effects on natural habitats and its being a potential reservoir of the fruit-tree pathogen Erwinia amylovora, but is has only been recorded as invasive in a small number of countries, and in most of these sources differ as to how invasive it is.
Trachelospermum jasminoides (star-jasmine).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

T. jasminoides is a fast-growing liana often grown as ornamental that has escaped from cultivation to become invasive in forest edges and disturbed sites near cultivation. Even when this species does not produce seeds when growing in cultivation, it spreads vegetatively by cuttings, stem fragments, and lateral extensions of the stems. This species rapidly colonies new areas by self-layers, sending out roots from leaf nodes and stem tips wherever they touch the ground (Gilman, 1999; Clifford and Kobayashi, 2010; PFAF, 2017). It climbs high into the canopy of mature forests smothering native trees, out-competing understory plants, and reducing plant diversity (BEST, 2003; BEST, 2013).
Themeda quadrivalvis (grader grass).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Themeda quadrivalvis is an annual grass found as a weed in grasslands, disturbed areas and agricultural land. It is native to the Indian Subcontinent and South East Asia but has been widely introduced to the Americas, Africa and Oceania. It is recorded as invasive in Mexico, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Reunion, Australia, Fiji and New Caledonia. It is spread unintentionally as a contaminant in straw packing, pasture seed and on vehicles and machinery. Once established, it forms dense thickets that prevent seedling establishment; this causes ecosystem change, altered fire regimes and reduced native biodiversity.
Triumfetta rhomboidea (diamond burbark).
Authors: Areces-Berazain Fabiola 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Triumfetta rhomboidea is an environmental and agricultural weed widely distributed in the tropics and subtropics worldwide. It is a competitive shrub species that disperses by means of its epizoochorous burs, and can become invasive in pastures and disturbed areas where it can form dense stands. It has been listed as invasive in Cuba, Mayotte, India, Australia, American Samoa, Cook Islands, French Polynesia, Hawaii, New Caledonia, Niue, Tonga and Wallis and Futuna.
Arracacia xanthorrhiza (arracacha).
Authors: Vélez-Gavilán Jeanine 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

A. xanthorriza is a biennial to perennial herb, which is mainly reported from cultivation or as persistent in old fields and nearby areas. It is mostly confined to South American Andean regions and is a major commercial crop in Brazil. It is used by an estimated 30 million people in the Andes and 30 million people elsewhere, mainly in Brazil (Heywood, 2014). It is not considered as an invasive species and wild populations are scarce (Hermann, 1997). Outside of South America, it is reported as commercially cultivated in Puerto Rico and Costa Rica (Hodge, 1954). It is not reported as an invasive species in any of the places where is cultivated. It is listed as a species that has naturalised in Cuba with the tendency to spread in some localities (Oviedo Prieto et al., 2012). Its introduction has been unsuccessful in some countries due to its photoperiod and temperature requirements, long growing cycle, its susceptibility to pests and diseases and the short shelf life of the roots (FAO, 2016).
Jasminum simplicifolium (Australian wax jasmine).
Authors: Vélez-Gavilán Jeanine 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Jasminum simplicifolium is a scandent shrub or vine native to Oceania that is occasionally used as an ornamental. It has been introduced outside its native range elsewhere in Oceania and in the Americas, Asia and Europe. J. simplicifolium can grow to form impenetrable tangles, smothering native species. Its only report as an invasive was in Bermuda in the early 1900's. Although the species is currently reported as present in Bermuda, its current status as an invasive in this country is not confirmed. There are no reports of the species being invasive in other countries.
Basella alba (malabar spinach).
Authors: Vélez-Gavilán Jeanine 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Basella alba is a herbaceous, perennial vine cultivated as a leafy vegetable and ornamental in tropical and subtropical and occasionally extending into temperate regions as an annual. It is listed as a potential environmental weed in Australia and as a weed of sugarcane fields on Iriomote Island, Japan. The species is considered an invasive species in Cambodia, China, Philippines, Taiwan, Hawaii, Cuba, Colombia, Ecuador, French Polynesia, Palau, Papua New Guinea and the US Minor Outlying Islands. Although no details of its invasiveness are provided, B. alba can grow rampantly in ideal conditions and can become invasive if not properly managed when it is in cultivation. Given that species reproduces easily, by seeds and vegetatively, and grows quickly, B. alba has a great capacity to become invasive in suitable areas. More information is needed on this species' invasiveness and its impacts to properly assess how it is affecting habitats and other species, and determine the risk it poses to countries where it is not yet invasive.
Bergia capensis (white water fire).
Authors: Vélez-Gavilán Jeanine 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Bergia capensis is a small annual herb which grows in wet places and is native to Africa, southern China and tropical Asia. It has been introduced, probably (although no details are available) unintentionally through the cultivation and trade of rice, in Europe, Central America, Mexico and the Caribbean. Although it grows in rice fields, no information is available about possible impacts on rice crops, and there are only limited reports of its being invasive anywhere.
Dolichandra unguis-cati (cat's claw creeper).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Dolichandra unguis-cati is a vigorous, woody vine that can climb up to 15 m or higher. Due to its showy yellow flowers, it has been widely introduced as a garden ornamental. It has escaped from cultivation and become a significant invader of cultivated orchards, riparian corridors, natural forest remnants and disturbed areas, such as roadsides and urban spaces. D. unguis-cati clings tenaciously to any substrate with adventitious roots and clawed tendrils. This vigorous growth allows it to sprawl over other vegetation and, through a combination of both shading and weight, it can kill even large canopy trees. In the absence of climbing support, D. unguis-cati grows along the ground forming a thick carpet that inhibits the growth and seed germination of native understorey vegetation including native grasses, herbs and seedlings of shrubs and trees. Currently, this vine species is listed as invasive in Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, India, China, Mauritius, New Caledonia, Cuba, the Bahamas and the USA including Hawaii, Florida and Texas (Kairo et al., 2003; Henderson, 2001; Weber et al., 2008; Weeds of Australia, 2011; Oviedo Prieto et al., 2012; Randall, 2012; PIER, 2016).
Avocado diseases affecting fruit quality
Authors: Everett Kerry R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The avocado (
Persea americana
Mill.) is from an ancient plant lineage, the Lauraceae. Although evidence for human consumption dates back 15,000 years, commercialisation has occurred only over the last 150 years. The most commonly traded variety was first the green-skin ‘Fuerte’ (green as it ripens), and more recently ‘Hass’, on which skin darkens when ripe. Production has been increasing worldwide, and currently about 64 countries produce avocados. The range of climates is from arid to very high rainfall and from tropical to temperate. The minimum daily temperatures are above 5°C in all avocado-growing regions because of frost sensitivity. Apart from avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBVd), most avocado fruit diseases are caused by fungi. Some fungi cause visible symptoms resulting in unmarketable fruit, and other infections in the orchard are symptomless. These symptomless infections express as rots after harvest during cold storage, transport and ripening. Most post-harvest pathogens infect through both the body of the fruit and the stem-end wound, while a few infect only through the stem-end wound. The geographic distribution of these fungi varies possibly because of differences in environmental requirements and effective quarantine measures during trade. Fungal rots can be reduced by the application of fungicides in the orchard, removing inoculum residing in dead branches and mummified fruit in the canopy, ensuring high-calcium levels in the fruit flesh are maintained, careful post-harvest handling and selling fruit as soon after harvest as possible. Some post-harvest fungicides can be effective.
Physicochemical and thermal properties of lignocellulosic fibers from wheat straw: Effect of seawater modification
Authors: Jiang Liangpeng , Wang Hao , Kong Yue , Du Peng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Lignocellulosic fibers have been widely used to reinforce polymer composites. Chemical modification of the fibers can improve the fiber properties and fiber-polymer interfacial compatibility. This study considered an eco-friendly process that can reduce environmental pollution by modifying lignocellulosic fibers using seawater rather than chemical reagents. The effects of seawater modification on the physical, chemical, and thermal properties of lignocellulosic fibers obtained from wheat straw were investigated. After seawater modification, the modified fibers had a lower number of hydrogen bonds, hemicellulose, lignin, and silicon content, and higher water absorption, crystallinity, surface roughness, and thermal stability. Considering the essential components of seawater, the contribution of NaCl during the modification process was the most significant, followed by that of the bivalent salts (MgCl2 + CaCl2 + SrCl2), Na2SO4, and trace-component (KCl + NaHCO3 + KBr + H3BO3 + NaF).
Low-calcination temperatures of magnesia partially stabilized zirconia (Mg-PSZ) nanoparticles derived from local zirconium silicates
Authors: Wahyudi Kristanto , Maryani Eneng , Arifiadi Ferry , Rostika Atiek , Yusuf Dedek , Manullang Ria Julyana , Suyanti  , Septawendar Rifki 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) exhibits excellent physical, mechanical, electrical, chemical, thermal, and bioactive properties. Therefore, it is frequently used as a material for thermal barrier coatings, refractories, oxygen-permeating membranes, dental and bone implants. In this study, magnesia-partially stabilized zirconia nanoparticles were successfully prepared from zirconium silicates and MgSO4 assisted with PEG-6000 via a facile templating method. The MgO concentration was varied from 1%–10% in wt% of ZrO2. Zirconium silicates were initially converted to Zr-precursor solution, exhibiting pH 3. Then, the appropriate amount of the Mg-precursor was mixed with the proper amount of the Zr-precursor solution. A 10%(w/v) PEG-6000 solution was added into the PSZ precursor solution at a ratio of the precursor-to-PEG volumes of about 15:1 under stirring and heating, resulting in a very fine white gel. The gel was filtered, dried, and then calcined at elevated temperatures of 600, 800, and 1000 °C. The characteristics of the final product were then evaluated. According to the experimental results, the MgO concentration influences the ZrO2 phase transformation at elevated calcination temperatures. In this study, the lower the MgO dopant concentration added into ZrO2, the more stable the t- ZrO2 phase in PSZ samples at high temperatures. However, the MgO presence is detected as periclase in all samples with a very low peak intensity at elevated calcination temperatures. The obtained PSZ samples consist of nanoparticles and high agglomeration, some of particles exhibit elongated and rod-like shapes. The PEG existence during the PSZ preparation has restrained particle interaction and aggregation of the as-synthesized PSZ samples, leading to PSZ nanoparticles evolution.
Effects of Sc addition on microstructure, mechanical and corrosion resistance properties of 7055 Al alloy
Authors: Huang Kai , Feng Qin , Zhou Wenbiao , Huang Liang , Xiang Jing , Luo Nengneng , Han Kai , Zhu Yutao , Wei Yuezhou 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This research investigates the influences of different contents of Sc on the microstructure, mechanical, electrical conductivities and corrosion resistance properties of 7055 alloy. The effect of Sc can increase the non-uniform nucleation of the alloy and significantly refine the casting structure of the alloy. In addition, the addition of Sc not only inhibits grain coarsening, pins GBs and restrains recovery and recrystallisation, but also maintains the effect of fibre structure during the formation of high-density nano-Al3 (Sc, Zr) phase precipitation. Compared with pure 7055 alloys, the hardness, tensile strength, elongation, electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance of 7055 alloys with Sc are improved remarkably. After adding a little Sc, the grain size of the alloy is refined from 80um to 40um, and the properties of the alloy are improved. When Sc content is 0.25%, the tensile strength of the alloy increases from 623.1mpa to 685.9mpa, and the self-etching current density decreases from 1.56 × 10−5 to 8.74 × 10−7, and the corrosion resistance is also greatly improved.
Neural network analysis of neutron and x-ray reflectivity data: pathological cases, performance and perspectives
Authors: Greco Alessandro , Starostin Vladimir , Hinderhofer Alexander , Gerlach Alexander , Skoda Maximilian W A , Kowarik Stefan , Schreiber Frank 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Neutron and x-ray reflectometry (NR and XRR) are powerful techniques to investigate the structural, morphological and even magnetic properties of solid and liquid thin films. While neutrons and x-rays behave similarly in many ways and can be described by the same general theory, they fundamentally differ in certain specific aspects. These aspects can be exploited to investigate different properties of a system, depending on which particular questions need to be answered. Having demonstrated the general applicability of neural networks to analyze XRR and NR data before (Greco et al 2019 J. Appl. Cryst.
52 1342), this study discusses challenges arising from certain pathological cases as well as performance issues and perspectives. These cases include a low signal-to-noise ratio, a high background signal (e.g. from incoherent scattering), as well as a potential lack of a total reflection edge (TRE). By dynamically modifying the training data after every mini batch, a fully-connected neural network was trained to determine thin film parameters from reflectivity curves. We show that noise and background intensity pose no significant problem as long as they do not affect the TRE. However, for curves without strong features the prediction accuracy is diminished. Furthermore, we compare the prediction accuracy for different scattering length density combinations. The results are demonstrated using simulated data of a single-layer system while also discussing challenges for multi-component systems.
MAT2: manifold alignment of single-cell transcriptomes with cell triplets
Authors: Zhang Jinglong , Zhang Xu , Wang Ying , Zeng Feng , Zhao Xing-Ming 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Aligning single-cell transcriptomes is important for the joint analysis of multiple single-cell RNA sequencing datasets, which in turn is vital to establishing a holistic cellular landscape of certain biological processes. Although numbers of approaches have been proposed for this problem, most of which only consider mutual neighbors when aligning the cells without taking into account known cell type annotations.

Results
In this work, we present MAT2 that aligns cells in the manifold space with a deep neural network employing contrastive learning strategy. Compared with other manifold-based approaches, MAT2 has two-fold advantages. Firstly, with cell triplets defined based on known cell type annotations, the consensus manifold yielded by the alignment procedure is more robust especially for datasets with limited common cell types. Secondly, the batch-effect-free gene expression reconstructed by MAT2 can better help annotate cell types. Benchmarking results on real scRNA-seq datasets demonstrate that MAT2 outperforms existing popular methods. Moreover, with MAT2, the hematopoietic stem cells are found to differentiate at different paces between human and mouse.

Availability and implementation
MAT2 is publicly available at https://github.com/Zhang-Jinglong/MAT2.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A STUDY OF LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM IN POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER
Authors: Charlesworth Brian , Charlesworth Deborah 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This paper presents the results of a study of linkage disequilibrium between five polymorphic enzyme genes located on chromosome 3 of D. melamgaster. Three sets of chromosomes were examined: two represented samples from successive years of the same natural population, and one came from a large laboratory population. Out of the thirty possible tests for linkage disequilibrium between pairs of loci, two were significant at the 5% level and two at the 1% level. This result cannot reasonably be ascribed to chance alone. The pairs of loci that had a significant correlation in one sample had higher than average correlations in the other samples (though not necessarily in the same direction); this effect was highly significant statistically. There was no tendency for the high correlations to be associated with tightness of linkage between the loci concerned. All five loci were involved in at least one significant effect. It was concluded that these results are difficult to explain on the neutral allele theory of protein polymorphism, but are consistent with the concept of selective control of allele frequencies.
GENETIC HYBRIDIZATION AT THE UNLINKED THY AND STR LOCI OF STREPTOCOCCUS
Authors: Ravin Arnold W , Chakrabarti Tapan 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The sanguis and pneumoniae species of Streptococcus were used as recipients in transformations from str + to str-r and from thy - to thy +. The str-r mutations in the two species had been previously shown to be allelic. Homology of the thy - mutations in the two species was demonstrated in the similar phenotypic properties they conferred (death in the absence of thymidine, lack of thymidylate synthetase). The str and thy loci are unlinked in each species.——When the two species are transformed by both homospecific and heterospecific DNA, the efficiency is always lower in the heterospecific cross. The efficiency of heterospecific transformation is considerably lower at the thy than at the str locus. DNA was extracted from recipients that had integrated markers of heterospecific origin. When such hybrid DNA is tested on the original recipient species, the heterospecific markers are usually as efficient as homospecific markers. When tested on the original donor species, however, the hybrid DNA is usually more efficient than heterospecific DNA. This is true for both thy and str transformations.——Forty independent thy + hybrids were obtained in the cross of sanguis thy - recipients with pneumoniae thy + DNA. These hybrids fall into a number of classes based upon the relative efficiency with which their extracted DNA's are able to transfer the thy + marker into pneumoniae thy - cells. The most efficient of these DNA's exhibits about 20% of the efficiency of homospecific pneumoniae thy + DNA and three orders of magnitude greater efficiency than heterospecific sanguis thy + DNA. Thus, very little of the inefficiency of heterospecific transformation of the thy locus is ascribable to a classic restriction mechanism. Rather, the wild-type thy + loci in the two species appear to differ at multiple sites, and independent heterospecific transfers result in differential extents of integration of these sites. On this basis, the thy + loci of the two species differ at a greater number of sites than do the respective str + loci.
GENETIC CONTROL OF CHROMOSOME ELIMINATION DURING HAPLOID FORMATION IN BARLEY
Authors: Ho K M , Kasha K J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Genetic control over chromosome stability in the interspecific hybrid embryos of Hordeum vulgare and H. bulbosum has been hypothesized to reside on specific chromosomes. In this study, crosses between the primary trisomic lines for the seven different H. vulgare chromosomes and tetraploid H. bulbosum revealed that both chromosomes 2 and 3 of H. vulgare were involved in the control of chromosome elimination. Subsequent crosses using the available monotelotrisomics for chromosomes 2 and 3 led to the conclusion that both arms of chromosome 2 and the short arm of chromosome 3 most likely contain major genetic factors.—From the results of this study and the genome balance observed in the interspecific crosses between H. vulgare and H. bulbosum at the diploid and tetraploid cytotypes, it appears that the factors causing the elimination of the bulbosum chromosomes are located on the H. vulgare chromosome. These factors are offset or balanced by factors on the H. bulbosum chromosomes which, when present in sufficient dosage, either neutralize the effects of the vulgare factors or are able to "protect" the bulbosum chromosomes.
DISTRIBUTION AMONG THE CHROMOSOMES OF DROSOPHILA PSEUDOOBSCURA OF THE GENES GOVERNING THE RESPONSE TO LIGHT
Authors: Dobzhansky Theodosius , Pavlovsky Olga , Andregg Michael 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Most strains of Drosophila pseudoobscura are neutral to light when tested in phototactic mazes. However, clear-cut photopositive and photonegative populations are obtained by selection over a series of generations. The genetic nature of the difference between the positive and negative populations has been studied in crosses in which the three large autosomes carried mutant markers. All chromosomes contain genes which influence the response to light. The third chromosome has the strongest effect, followed by the second, the X, and the fourth chromosomes. This seriation is not in proportion to the relative lengths of the chromosomes. Either the effective genes are not very numerous, or some of them exert stronger influences than others.
STUDIES ON THE NATURE AND FUNCTION OF POLYGENIC LOCI IN DROSOPHILA. III. VEINLET MODIFIERS HAVING REGION-SPECIFIC EFFECTS UPON THE VEIN PATTERN
Authors: Thompson James N 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
olygenic modifiers affecting the expression of the mutant veinlet were studied to determine whether each acts specifically upon one vein or wing region or whether they affect the venation pattern in some general way. Selection experiments showed that the L4 vein can be modified independently of the L2 and L3 veins. Similarly, the L2 vein can be shortened while the L3 is selected to be longer, although there is some interdependence between the L2 and L3 veins. Assays of heterozygous whole chromosome effects show that different chromosomes are involved in the responses of separate veins, and one polygenic locus causing a decrease in L4 vein length has been isolated. Substitutions of whole chromosomes from selection lines into unselected backgrounds of non-homologous mutants demonstrate that the selected modifiers have the same qualitative effects upon other mutants having similar phenotypes. These results support the hypothesis that the polygenic modifiers affecting veinlet expression function independently of the veinlet locus, presumably by influencing common steps in the developmental processes leading to the formation of individual veins.