bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stahlfaserbeton – Charakterisierung von rissquerenden Fasern mittels Computer‐Tomografie
Authors: Schuler Frank , Breit Wolfgang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractZur Klassifizierung von Stahlfaserbetonen werden diese über die Nachrissbiegezugfestigkeit, also die Leistungsfähigkeit im Nachrissbereich, in Leistungsklassen eingestuft. Auf makroskopischer Ebene wird das Verhalten des Stahlfaserbetons im Nachrissbereich maßgeblich durch die Art, die Menge, die Verteilung und die Ausrichtung der zugegebenen Fasern bestimmt. Auf der Mesoebene zeigt sich für den Wirkungsmechanismus „Faserauszug“ das Verbund‐ und Auszugverhalten der einzelnen Fasern als ausschlaggebend. Das heißt, die entscheidende Rolle für die Wirksamkeit der Faser wird neben der Menge und Orientierung der Fasern durch faserspezifische Parameter, wie z. B. die Einbindelänge der einzelnen Fasern in die Rissflanken, bestimmt. Diese, für die Faserwirkung spezifischen Parameter konnten mit bisherigen Untersuchungsverfahren nicht bzw. nur zerstörend z. B. durch Aufbrechen und somit verfälscht bestimmt werden. Die im Folgenden vorgestellten Untersuchungen ermöglichen mithilfe der Computer‐Tomographie und angepasster Auswerteverfahren eine Charakterisierung der einzelnen, am Lastabtrag beteiligten Fasern und somit die nahezu zerstörungsfreie Ermittlung der Parameter, die maßgeblich das Auszugverhalten aus der Betonmatrix bestimmen.
Spectroelectrochemical Behaviour of 1,4‐Dimethoxypillar[5]arene (P5A) and its Monomer in Different Organic Solvents
Authors: Wiloch Magdalena Z. , Kuna Ewelina , Kosiorek Sandra , Sashuk Volodymyr , Jönsson‐Niedziółka Martin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe spectroelectrochemical response of the macrocyclic compound 1,4‐dimethoxypillar[5]arene (P5A) and its monomer 1,4‐dimethoxybenzene was investigated using cyclic voltammetry combined with UV‐Vis spectroscopy. The influence of three different aprotic solvents, acetonitrile, dichloromethane, and dichloroethane, as well as supporting electrolyte, on the anodic behaviour of P5A were studied and discussed. The results indicate that the donor‐acceptor Lewis‐type interactions between tested compounds and the solvent molecules affect the oxidation processes and thus the formal potentials (Ef). In all solvents we see subsequent oxidation of P5A to P5A5+ followed at higher potential by an irreversible oxidation to the corresponding quinone. The results also show that small amounts of water can significantly influence the redox behaviour of the P5A.
Discordance between lactic acidemia and hemodynamics in patients with advanced heart failure
Authors: Narang Nikhil , Dela Cruz Mark , Imamura Teruhiko , Chung Ben , Nguyen Ann B. , Holzhauser Luise , Smith Bryan A. , Kalantari Sara , Raikhelkar Jayant , Sarswat Nitasha , Kim Gene H. , Jeevanandam Valluvan , Burkhoff Daniel , Sayer Gabriel , Uriel Nir 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundElevated lactic acid (LA) levels carry a poor prognosis in patients with shock. Data are lacking on the significance of LA levels in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF).HypothesisThis study assessed the relationship between LA levels, hemodynamics and clinical outcomes.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of registry data of 100 advanced heart failure patients presenting for right heart catheterization (RHC) for concern of ADHF. LA levels (normal≤2.1 mmol/L) were obtained prior to RHC; no significant changes in therapy were made between LA collection and RHC.ResultsMedian age was 58 (47.3, 64.8) years; 57% were receiving inotropes prior to RHC. Median pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and cardiac index (CI) were 28 (21, 35) mmHg and 2.0 (1.7, 2.5) L/min/m2, respectively. Eighty patients had normal LA prior to RHC. There was no correlation between LA levels and PCWP (R = 0.09,p = .38); 63% of the normal LA group had a PCWP>24 mmHg. There was a moderate inverse correlation between LA and CI (R = − 0.40;p < .001); 58% of the normal LA group had a CI <2.2 L/min/m2. Thirty‐day survival free of death/hospice, inotrope dependence, progression to heart transplant/left‐ventricular assist device implant was comparable between the normal and elevated LA groups (28% vs. 20%;p = .17).ConclusionIn patients presenting with ADHF, normal LA levels do not exclude the presence of depressed CI (a hemodynamic criteria for cardiogenic shock) and may not offer accurate risk stratification. Invasive hemodynamics should not be delayed based on normal LA levels alone.
Fuzzy‐based secure exchange of digital data using watermarking in NSCT‐RDWT‐SVD domain
Authors: Singh Om Prakash , Kumar Chandan , Singh Amit Kumar , Singh Maheshwari Prasad , Ko Hoon 
Published: March 2021

SummaryDue to the remarkable development of Internet technologies, a great deal of valuable digital data is now transmitted over public networks. To guarantee the security of this data during the transfer process, the authentication of its integrity is extremely important. This paper introduces a robust and secure dual‐watermarking‐based fusion of watermarking, optimization, and a compression method utilizing non‐sub‐sampled contourlet transform (NSCT), redundant discrete wavelet transform (RDWT), and singular value decomposition (SVD). In our method, we first apply the NSCT to a higher entropy sub‐band of the host image. Then, our method uses RDWT‐SVD on higher frequency coefficients of the NSCT image. A similar procedure is followed for both mark images. Finally, an appropriate scaling factor, as obtained by fuzzy inference system, is used to invisibly embed the singular values of both mark data into the host image. Here, any more important mark data are scrambled before the embedding process. The simulation tests reveal that the proposed technique is not only imperceptible and secure but also robust against common attacks. The suggested method has a superior ability to extract hidden information than previous conventional techniques.
Advanced hybrid secure multipath optimized routing in Internet of Things (IoT)‐based WSN
Authors: Kala I. , Karthik S. , K Srihari 
Published: March 2021

SummaryExploration has been done on Internet of Things (IoT) with accentuation on the security like remote system security, correspondence security, sensor information security, respectability of physical signals, and impelling gadgets. The procedure for current security is not reasonable for IoT applications as gadgets that are included at the ground level have some of the restricted assets, low multifaceted nature, and vitality requirements. IoT being a system of systems permits billions of people and machines to connect with each other. IoT offers us a chance to build compelling organizations, applications for assembling, lifesaving arrangements, appropriate development, and the sky is the limit from there. The manuscript proposes a broad review of the IoT innovation and its differed applications in life sparing, brilliant urban communities, rural, mechanical by looking into the ongoing examination work. Existing strategies manage static remote sensor web to reason the interruptions in which the sensor hubs are conveyed in a uniform way to hold the consistency. Since the sensor hubs are referred to through various transmission locales having a determination of sensor checking hubs has become a difficult activity in ongoing examination. The enemies are additionally moving starting with one area then onto the next to investigate its particular tasks around the system. Hence, to given adaptable security, a protected routing along with the observing convention with multivariation tuples utilizing two‐fish symmetric key (TFSK) way to deal with the foes in the worldwide sensor organize. The proposed approach is the advanced hybrid secure multipath optimized routing in Internet of Things (IoT)‐based WSN. The two methodologies that are involved making a better routing protocol is the enhanced‐multipath optimized link state routing (E‐MP‐OLSR) and secure and efficient ad hoc on‐demand multipath distance vector (SE‐AOMDV) protocols. Besides, the proposed directing system is tough to different versatile foes; and henceforth, it guarantees multipath conveyance.
Meta‐analysis shows that environmental DNA outperforms traditional surveys, but warrants better reporting standards
Authors: Fediajevaite Julija , Priestley Victoria , Arnold Richard , Savolainen Vincent 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDecades of environmental DNA (eDNA) method application, spanning a wide variety of taxa and habitats, has advanced our understanding of eDNA and underlined its value as a tool for conservation practitioners. The general consensus is that eDNA methods are more accurate and cost‐effective than traditional survey methods. However, they are formally approved for just a few species globally (e.g., Bighead Carp, Silver Carp, Great Crested Newt). We conducted a meta‐analysis of studies that directly compare eDNA with traditional surveys to evaluate the assertion that eDNA methods are consistently “better.”Environmental DNA publications for multiple species or single macro‐organism detection were identified using the Web of Science, by searching “eDNA” and “environmental DNA” across papers published between 1970 and 2020. The methods used, focal taxa, habitats surveyed, and quantitative and categorical results were collated and analyzed to determine whether and under what circumstances eDNA outperforms traditional surveys.Results show that eDNA methods are cheaper, more sensitive, and detect more species than traditional methods. This is, however, taxa‐dependent, with amphibians having the highest potential for detection by eDNA survey. Perhaps most strikingly, of the 535 papers reviewed just 49 quantified the probability of detection for both eDNA and traditional survey methods and studies were three times more likely to give qualitative statements of performance.Synthesis and applications: The results of this meta‐analysis demonstrate that where there is a direct comparison, eDNA surveys of macro‐organisms are more accurate and efficient than traditional surveys. This conclusion, however, is based on just a fraction of available eDNA papers as most do not offer this granularity. We recommend that conclusions are substantiated with comparable and quantitative data. Where a direct comparison has not been made, we caution against the use of qualitative statements about relative performance. This consistency and rigor will simplify how the eDNA research community tracks methods‐based advances and will also provide greater clarity for conservation practitioners. To this end suggest reporting standards for eDNA studies.
The effects of four decades of climate change on the breeding ecology of an avian sentinel species across a 1,500‐km latitudinal gradient are stronger at high latitudes
Authors: Vega Marta Lomas , Fransson Thord , Kullberg Cecilia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGlobal warming affects breeding phenology of birds differentially with latitude, but there is contrasting evidence about how the changing climate influences the breeding of migrating songbirds at their northern breeding range. We investigate the effect of climate warming on breeding time and breeding success of European pied flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca in Sweden during a period of 36 years using nest reports from bird ringing. To account for the latitudinal variation, we divided Sweden into three latitudinal bands (northern, intermediate, and southern). We applied a sliding window approach to find the most influential period and environment characteristics (temperature, vegetation greenness, and precipitation), using linear mixed models and model averaging. Our results show a long‐term advancement of breeding time related to increasing spring temperature and vegetation greenness during a period before hatching. Northern breeders revealed a larger advancement over the years (8.3 days) compared with southern breeders (3.6 days). We observed a relatively stronger effect of temperature and greenness on breeding time in the north. Furthermore, northern birds showed an increase in breeding success over time, while birds breeding at southern and intermediate latitudes showed reduced breeding success in years with higher prehatching temperatures. Our findings with stronger environment effects on breeding time advancement in the north suggest that pied flycatchers are more responsive to weather cues at higher latitudes. Breeding time adjustment and, potentially, low competition help explain the higher long‐term success observed in the north. Reduced breeding success at more southerly latitudes suggests an inability to match breeding time to very early and warm springs, a fate that with continued climate change could also be expected for pied flycatchers and other long‐distance migrants at their very northern breeding range.
Measuring single‐cell protein secretion in immunology: Technologies, advances, and applications
Authors: Bucheli Olivia T. M. , Sigvaldadóttir Ingibjörg , Eyer Klaus 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe dynamics, nature, strength, and ultimately protective capabilities of an active immune response are determined by the extracellular constitution and concentration of various soluble factors. Generated effector cells secrete such mediators, including antibodies, chemo‐ and cytokines to achieve functionality. These secreted factors organize the individual immune cells into functional tissues, initiate, orchestrate, and regulate the immune response. Therefore, a single‐cell resolved analysis of protein secretion is a valuable tool for studying the heterogeneity and functionality of immune cells. This review aims to provide a comparative overview of various methods to characterize immune reactions by measuring single‐cell protein secretion. Spot‐based and cytometry‐based assays, such as ELISpot and flow cytometry, respectively, are well‐established methods applied in basic research and clinical settings. Emerging novel technologies, such as microfluidic platforms, offer new ways to measure and exploit protein secretion in immune reactions. Further technological advances will allow the deciphering of protein secretion in immunological responses with unprecedented detail, linking secretion to functionality. Here, we summarize the development and recent advances of tools that allow the analysis of protein secretion at the single‐cell level, and discuss and contrast their applications within immunology.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Hoshionolactam‐Based Compounds
Authors: Jachak Gorakhnath R. , Elizebath Drishya , Shukla Anurag , Shanmugam Dhanasekaran , Reddy D. Srinivasa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn search of novel antitrypanosomal agents based on hoshinolactam (IC50=3.9 nM), we disclose the synthesis and biological evaluations of 14 different analogues of the natural product using combinations of different acids and lactams. Antitrypanosomal activity assays revealed that the synthesized analogues were less potent than the parent natural product.
Field and flume measurements with the impact plate: Effect of bedload grain‐size distribution on signal response
Authors: Nicollier Tobias , Rickenmann Dieter , Hartlieb Arnd 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Swiss plate geophone is a bedload surrogate monitoring system that has been calibrated in several gravel‐bed streams using direct sampling techniques. Past systematic flume experiments have highlighted the dependency of the signal response on the bed roughness and the flow velocity. To further develop the existing calibration approaches and better understand the role of site‐specific factors, we conducted calibration measurements of the Swiss plate geophone system in two gravel‐bed streams in the Swiss Alps with a crane‐mounted net sampler. In parallel, we performed full‐scale controlled flume experiments at an outdoor flume facility, where we reproduced the channel characteristics and the transport conditions observed at each field site. We evaluated changes in signal response using relations between the transported bedload mass and the number of detected impulses or packets (representing a single particle impact). Using experiments with single grain sizes, we confirmed that increasing flow velocity reduces the signal response. Additionally, we performed mixed‐grain‐size experiments and found that the grain‐size distribution of the transported bedload can influence the signal response of the Swiss plate geophone system over more than one order of magnitude and lead to a biased estimation of the bedload flux. We show that the effect of the grain‐size distribution on the signal response is visible at multiple field sites and discuss possible explanations for this phenomenon.
The effects of methylcellulose coating containing carvacrol or menthol on the physicochemical, mechanical, and antimicrobial activity of polyethylene films
Authors: Jahdkaran Elahe , Hosseini Seyed Ebrahim , Mohammadi Nafchi Abdorreza , Nouri Leila 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, the physicochemical, mechanical, and antimicrobial activities of polyethylene (PE) films coated with peppermint (Menthol) and Origanum vulgare (Carvacrol) essential oil were evaluated. For this reason, PE films were coated with MC‐HPMC solution containing different concentrations of menthol and carvacrol (0, 1, 1.5, and 2%), and mechanical, electromagnetic, barrier, and antimicrobial properties of all prepared films were examined. The obtained results demonstrated that by increasing the concentration of menthol and carvacrol in film coatings, tensile strength (from 36 to 23 MPa), water vapor permeability (from 12 to 11 g.m‐1s‐1Pa‐1), and L* and b* indexes were decreased, while the oxygen permeability (OP) and elongation at break significantly were increased (p < .05). Increment of menthol and carvacrol concentration in PE film coating leads to an increase in the antimicrobial activity of films against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria innocua, and Saccharomyces cervicea. Finally, the results obtained from this study demonstrated that PE film coated with high levels of carvacrol and menthol could be used as active antimicrobial packaging in the food packaging industry.
Implication of cerebral astrocytes in major depression: A review of fine neuroanatomical evidence in humans
Authors: O'Leary Liam Anuj , Mechawar Naguib 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPostmortem investigations have implicated astrocytes in many neurological and psychiatric conditions. Multiple brain regions from individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) have lower expression levels of astrocyte markers and lower densities of astrocytes labeled for these markers, suggesting a loss of astrocytes in this mental illness. This paper reviews the general properties of human astrocytes, the methods to study them, and the postmortem evidence for astrocyte pathology in MDD. When comparing astrocyte density and morphometry studies, astrocytes are more abundant and smaller in human subcortical than cortical brain regions, and immunohistochemical labeling for the astrocyte markers glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin (VIM) reveals fewer than 15% of all astrocytes that are present in cortical and subcortical regions, as revealed using other staining techniques. By combining astrocyte densities and morphometry, a model was made to illustrate that domain organization is mostly limited to GFAP‐IR astrocytes. Using these markers and others, alterations of astrocyte densities appear more widespread than those for astrocyte morphologies throughout the brain of individuals having died with MDD. This review suggests how reduced astrocyte densities may relate to the association of depressive episodes in MDD with elevated S100 beta (S100B) cerebrospinal fluid serum levels. Finally, a potassium imbalance theory is proposed that integrates the reduced astrocyte densities generated from postmortem studies with a hypothesis for the antidepressant effects of ketamine generated from rodent studies.
Prognostic scoring models in parotid gland carcinoma
Authors: Westergaard‐Nielsen Marie , Möller Sören , Godballe Christian , Grau Eriksen Jesper , Larsen Stine Rosenkilde , Kiss Katalin , Agander Tina , Parm Ulhøi Benedicte , Charabi Birgitte , Ehlers Klug Tejs , Jacobsen Henrik , Johansen Jørgen , Kristensen Claus Andrup , Andersen Elo , Andersen Maria , Bjørndal Kristine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim was to identify prognostic factors and test three prognostic scoring models that predicted the risk of recurrence in patients with parotid gland carcinoma.MethodsAll Danish patients with parotid gland carcinoma, treated with curative intent, from 1990 to 2015 (n = 726) were included. Potential prognostic factors were evaluated using Cox regression and competing risk analyses. The concordance of each prognostic model was estimated using Harrel's C index.ResultsThe study population consisted of 344 men and 382 women, with a median age of 63 years. Age above 60 years, high grade histology, T3/T4 tumor, regional lymph node metastases, and involved surgical margins were all associated with a significant reduction in recurrence‐free survival. The prognostic model that agreed best with actual outcomes had a C‐index of 0.76.ConclusionPrognostic scoring models may improve individualized follow‐up strategies after curatively intended treatment for patients with parotid gland carcinoma.
The Lamprey River Hydrological Observatory: Suburbanization and changing seasonality
Authors: Wymore Adam S. , Shattuck Michelle D. , Potter Jody D. , Snyder Lisle , McDowell William H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Lamprey River Hydrological Observatory (LRHO) is a lowland coastal watershed in southeastern New Hampshire (USA). The LRHO offers a platform to investigate the effects of suburbanization and changing seasonality on watershed hydrology, biogeochemistry, and nutrient export to an estuarine ecosystem. The LRHO utilizes a nested‐watershed design to examine headwater stream and main‐stem river dynamics distributed across a mixed land‐use environment. Data sets from the LRHO now comprise over 20 years of weekly grab sample data as well as 7 years of high‐frequency sensor data. Collectively these data sets include measures of discharge, dissolved organic matter, nutrients, cations and anions, greenhouse gases, and other physio‐chemical properties. Here we share information on the setting and motivating questions of the LRHO and data availability.