bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Irish Maritime Trade in the Eighteenth Century: a Study in Patterns of Trade, Market Structures, and Merchant Communities
Authors:   , Cheer Karen A 
Published: November 2021

<p>Ireland has a centuries-long history of maritime and economic interaction with Great Britain and other more distant communities on the Atlantic rim. In the last forty years of academic writing on the main themes of Ireland's economic history, very few historians have examined the late-eighteenth century maritime trade data. The original Customs logs or port books are lost but other sources of information remain. This thesis uses a new source of information, Richard Eaton's A Daily and Alphabetical Arrangement of all Imports and Exports at the Port of Dublin, in the Quarter ending the 25th March, 1785, as well as the shipping reports contained in the daily newspapers of the time to create a micro-history of the maritime and mercantile interaction between Ireland and her trading partners. Eaton's "List" not only gives us a complete tally of the goods exported from, and imported into Dublin in the first three months of 1785 but the customs official also recorded the names of each merchant or firm operating in Dublin at that time. This is the first time that such detailed information has been available to scholars and it is unavailable from any other source. The focus is on Dublin in 1785 and a comparison is made with another Irish port city -- Belfast. Change over time is measured by using data for the same focal cities in 1770. Ireland's key market is England and Liverpool is the increasingly popular destination for goods leaving Dublin and the port of lading for goods arriving in Dublin. Using the databases created for the purpose, this thesis analyses the relationship between Dublin/Belfast and Liverpool and discusses the patterns of trade and market structures. Although every export/import sector had a group of leading merchants, no single merchant or small group of merchants were able to wield sufficient market power to exclude competitors. All sectors of the merchant communities of Dublin, Belfast and Liverpool -- regardless of whether they dealt in primary produce, linen products or merchants' goods -- were general merchants, with little evidence of specialisation.</p>
Targeting Antigen Presenting Cells to Treat Autoimmune Inflammation
Authors:   , Toker Aras 
Published: November 2021

<p>Glatiramer acetate (GA) is approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), and can suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of human MS. GA treatment is associated with the induction of anti-inflammatory TH2 responses and with the antigen specific expansion of regulatory T cells that counteract or inhibit pathogenic events in MS and EAE. These T cell mediated mechanisms of protection are considered to be a result of modulation of antigen presenting cells (APCs) by GA, rather than direct effects on T cells. However, it is unknown if GA preferentially targets a specific APC subset or can act through multiple APCs in vivo. In addition, GA-modulated innate cells may also exhibit direct antigen non-specific suppression of autoreactive cells. One objective of this study was to identify the in vivo target cell population of GA and to assess the potential of the target cells to antigen non-specifically suppress immune responses. Fluorophor-labelled GA bound to monocytes after intravenous injections, suggesting that monocytes may be the primary target of GA in vivo. In addition, intravenous GA treatment enhanced the intrinsic ability of monocytes to suppress T cell proliferation, both in vitro and in vivo. The findings of this study therefore suggest that GA-induced monocytes may contribute to GA therapy through direct mechanisms of antigen non-specific T cell immunosuppression. A further objective of this work was to investigate the potential of an in vivo drug targeting approach. This approach was hypothesised to increase the uptake of GA by the target cells and substantially improve GA treatment through antigen specific mechanisms such as induction of TH2 or regulatory T cells. Targeting antigens to professional APCs with an anti-MHC class II antibody resulted in significantly enhanced T cell proliferation in vitro. However, no EAE suppression occurred when GA was targeted to MHC class II in vivo. In addition, targeting GA specifically to monocytes also failed to suppress EAE. These findings suggest that GA treatment may selectively modulate monocytes to enhance their ability to inhibit autoreactive T cells, which could be part of the mechanism by which GA ameliorates MS. Targeting GA to a specific cell type may not be a powerful approach to improve treatment, because increased proliferation of GA specific T cells is not sufficient for disease suppression, and conjugation to antibodies may functionally reduce GA to a mere antigen devoid of immunomodulatory capacity.</p>
Learning Worship as a Way to Improve Students’ Discipline, Motivation, and Achievement at School
Authors: Hidayah Rifa , Mu’awanah Elfi , Zamhari Arif , Munardji Munardji , Naqiyah Naqiyah 
Published: November 2021

A discipline of worship and seems to be associated with the fact that students who apply discipline in worship should demonstrate more autonomy in school. This research used a case study design with a qualitative approach to data analysis. Participants in this study included four sixth-grade students, two teachers, and one principal from Tulungagung, East Java, Indonesia. The data for this study were gathered through direct observation and an in-depth interview. Direct observation was used to immerse students in how they perform their worship and Islamic beliefs at home and at school in order for them to be aware of their faith, worship, and application in their daily lives, and thus disciplines at schools, motivation to learn, and efforts to increase academic attainments are identified. Throughout the study, in-depth interviews with teachers, principals, and parents were conducted three times, and all were registered verbatim. To describe both numeric data and themes, data was analyzed using content analysis. The findings indicate that worships contribute significantly to internal and practical discipline efforts and behaviors. Students' future and proper insight into education opportunities and their future of existence are threatened by their knowledge of worship. Psychologically, students do well in terms of motivation and academic achievement. After receiving teaching worship, self-confidence, trust, spirit, belief, and self-efficacy all improve.
Delayed chemical meningitis after Chiari decompression with duraplasty: illustrative cases
Authors: Lajthia Orgest , Sattur Mithun G. , Varma Abhay K. 
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND
Dural reconstruction to achieve expansion duraplasty is important in suboccipital decompression for Chiari malformation type 1 (CM1). Although various dural substitutes are available, including synthetic collagen matrix grafts and dural xenografts, they have the potential to induce an inflammatory response. In this case series, the authors present their experience and discuss the incidence and possible mechanism of aseptic meningitis after the use of bovine collagen matrix graft as a dural substitute in patients with CM1 after suboccipital decompression.

OBSERVATIONS
Three consecutive adult female patients who underwent suboccipital decompression at a single institution by a single neurosurgeon were retrospectively reviewed. They all presented with signs of aseptic meningitis in a delayed fashion, responded well to steroid administration, but had recurrence of their symptoms. Bovine collagen dural substitutes are resorbed in a process that induces an inflammatory response manifesting with signs of aseptic meningitis and is only alleviated with removal of the dural substitute.

LESSONS
DuraMatrix Suturable, a dural xenograft derived from bovine dermis, though a viable choice for dural repair, is a potential cause of chemical meningitis after duraplasty in Chiari decompression surgery. In patients presenting with delayed and persistent aseptic meningitis after intervention, removal of this dural substitute led to improved symptomatology.
The Religious Situation in the Philippines: Social and Historical Analysis
Authors: Семененко Дмитрий Сергеевич 
Published: November 2021

Цель исследования - выявить социальный и исторический контекст, который влияет на религиозную ситуацию на Филиппинах в настоящее время. Обозначены исторические предпосылки появления католичества и православия в этом государстве, выявлены причины исламских восстаний и террористических атак, появления аглипайской церкви и распространения протестантских ересей. Научная новизна работы заключается в систематизации основополагающих причин религиозной обстановки настоящего времени на Филиппинах, а также во введении в научный обиход цифр из государственной статистики Филиппин, данных из ежегодных отчётов США о религиозном составе и из других иностранных источников, поскольку материалов о конфессиональном составе на русском языке довольно мало. Делается вывод о пёстрой религиозной ситуации на Филиппинах с конкретизацией положения основных вероисповеданий.
Objective of the study: to identify the social and historical context that influences the religious situation of the Philippines at the present time. The historical context of the emergence of Catholicism in the Philippines is outlined, the reasons for Islamic uprisings and terrorist attacks, the emergence of the Aglipay Church and the spread of Protestant heresies are identified. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the systematization of the underlying causes of the religious situation of the present time in the Philippines. As a result, the author highlighted the religious subtext of those phenomena and events of the religious life of the population of the Philippines that affect the present and the future.
Review of: Guiance A. Cultura letrada e identidades sociales en el mundo medieval, siglos IV-XV. Buenos Aires: Imhicihu — Conicet, 2019. 305 p. ISBN 978-987-4934-04-8
Authors: Бельский Владимир Викторович 
Published: November 2021

Со времён диспутов романистов и германистов цивилизация средневековой Европы рассматривалась как результат синтеза. В увидевшей свет в 2019 г. в Буэнос-Айресе книге «Cultura letrada e idendidades sociales en el mundo medieval, siglos IV–XV» («Культура просвещения и социальные идентичности в средневековом мире, IV–XV вв.») предпринимается ещё одна попытка дать ответ на вопрос, каково же было значение христианства в данном синтезе. Книга представляет собой сборник статей, посвящённых письменной культуре и образованию в средиземноморском регионе. Однако в силу как узости тематики, заявленной в названии книги, так и единства и комплементарности статей в концептуальном плане рецензируемое издание является вполне целостным. Все статьи написаны в рамках подхода, характеризующего средневековую культуру как плод синтеза Библии (христианства) и эллинизма. Специфика этого подхода обусловлена тем, что географические рамки исследований охватывают весь средиземноморский регион. Эта методологическая особенность наложила отпечаток на выводы, к которым пришли авторы сборника.
Since the time of the Romanist and Germanist debates, the civilisation of medieval Europe has been seen as the result of a synthesis. Cultura letrada e idendidades sociales en el mundo medieval, siglos IV-XV (Culture of Enlightenment and Social Identities in the Medieval World, IV-XV centuries), published in 2019 in Buenos Aires, attempts once again to answer the question of what was the significance of Christianity in this synthesis. The book is a collection of articles on written culture and education in the Mediterranean region. However, due to both the narrowness of the theme stated in the title and the unity and complementarity of the articles in conceptual terms, the reviewed edition is quite coherent. All the articles are written within the framework of the approach which characterises medieval culture as a product of the synthesis of the Bible (Christianity) and Hellenism. The specificity of this approach is due to the fact that the geographical scope of the research covers the entire Mediterranean region. This methodological peculiarity has affected the conclusions reached by the authors of the collection.
Detection of Swine Dysentery (SD) caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae via PCR in Northern Vietnam
Authors: Hang Nguyen Thi Thu , Lam Truong Quang , Anh Dao Le , Hoa Nguyen Thi , Lan Nguyen Thi , Dung Nguyen Thi Thuy 
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to diagnose swine dysentery (SD) caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae in pigs by the PCR method in Vietnam. Of the 250 samples, 29 isolates of B. hyodysenteriae (11.60%) were identified by PCR in seven provinces of Northern Vietnam, and the infection rate differed from region to region. From the positive cases of B. hyodysenteriae, we analyzed B. hyodysenteriae infected cases according to the ages of the pigs, farm sizes, and veterinary hygiene practices to get more information about the disease in Vietnam. The results showed that the positive B. hyodysenteriae samples were commonly seen in post-weaning pigs (32.14%) in households (20.73%) with poor hygiene (24.69%). Clinical signs of SD included high fever (100%); anorexia (100%); watery, bloody diarrhea, usually gray to brown in color (100%); and weight loss (86.42%). Gross lesions of SD were limited to the large intestine were described as having a fibrinous, blood-flecked membrane covering the mucosa (93.75%), swollen with hemorrhaged colon and cecum (75.00%), and mesenteric lymph nodes (81.25%).
Intangible Assets Accounting in Vietnam: Perspectives of a Professional Accounting Group
Authors: Thuong Tran Thi , Thuy Nguyen Thi , Anh Hoang Thi Mai 
Published: November 2021

This study focused on presenting the views of members of a professional accounting group about intangible assets accounting in Vietnam. This group consisted of 44 random interviewees who were auditors, lecturers, and banking staff, among others. Based on the results of this survey, the characteristics of the professional accounting group, including occupation, educational level, and work experience, etc., were collected. The accounting regulations for intangible assets in Vietnam in accordance with the guidelines of Vietnamese Accounting Standard (VAS) No. 04 (Intangible assets and other circulars) were then analyzed. Especially, these interviewees indicated three main obstacles of intangible assets accounting through this survey. First, the skills and knowledge of accounting staff are the most current weaknesses of intangible assets accounting. Following that, the slow integration of Vietnamese accounting regulations with the international accounting system for intangible assets is a difficult point. Lastly, the limited knowledge of managers and internal governance are weak points. Hence, to improve intangible assets accounting in Vietnam, the Ministry of Finance (MOF) should organize additional training courses or workshops to train accountants and managers based on the contents of International Accounting Standard (IAS) No. 38 for intangible assets and IAS 36 for the impairment of assets. In addition, small specialized discussions among accountants, lecturers, auditors, and others in one city should be encouraged to open accounting seminars/workshops. These gatherings would be a good way to share their accounting experience with each other and improve their knowledge of accounting.
Research of the relationship between educational and professional programs of higher pharmaceutical education in Ukraine with the «Ten-star pharmacist» concept
Authors: Кремінь Ю. І. , Громовик Б. П. 
Published: November 2021

Currently, the training of Masters of Pharmacy (MPh) in Ukraine is based on the competency model as a list of competencies and program learning outcomes according to academic disciplines, which is reflected in the educational and professional programs (EPP) institutions of higher pharmaceutical education (IHPhE). At the same time, MPh, as public trust workers, must have all professional roles (PR) in accordance with of the «ten-star pharmacist» concept.
The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between general (GC) and professional (PC) competencies of MPh and current PR according to the «ten-star pharmacist» concept.
The materials of the study were EPP of twenty-two IHPhE that train masters in the specialty 226 «Pharmacy, industrial pharmacy».
Methods of critical analysis, generalization, specification and interpretation of results are used.
It was found that the lists of GC and PC differ in the analyzed EPP. It is determined that according to the presence of common GC IHPhE can be divided into three groups, while for PC there are six such groups. Significant differences in the formation of individual PR of future MPh due to acquisition them of different numbers of GC and PC are noted.
It is established that in the studied EPP of twenty-two IHPhE for the preparation of masters in the specialty 226 «Pharmacy, Industrial Pharmacy» there are 15 GC and 35 PC. At the same time, the majority of GC (12 out of 15) and the minority of PC (16 out of 35) of the studied EPP are similar. Significant differences were found in the formation of the PR MPh, in particular, the analyzed GC do not sufficiently reflect PR a life-long-learner (only GC 4 in all groups and GC 15 in group Z). In PC, this picture is typical for PR a decision-maker (only PC 16 in all groups) and a teacher (PC 1 and 2 in all groups). It is shown that the lack of unified compliance of the studied EPP with PC will not contribute to the formation of MPh, adequate to pharmaceutical practice, and their acquisition of the necessary PR in accordance with the «ten-star pharmacist» concept.
Study of the effect of dermatological phytogel on the ability of microorganisms to form a biofilm
Authors: Миргород В. С. , Філімонова Н. І. , Башура О. Г. , Бобро С. Г. 
Published: November 2021

The development of many chronic infections, including skin diseases, is caused by bacteria growing in the form of biofilms. Bacterial biofilms provide beneficial survival mechanisms that determine virulence, disease pathogenesis, or resistance of the pathogen to antibiotics. As shown by a large number of studies, biofilms play an important role in the pathogenesis of dermatological diseases, including atopic dermatitis. The close relationship between the microbial biofilm that colonizes the skin surface and the negative consequences for human health makes the skin microbiome an object of therapeutic intervention in dermatological pathogenic processes.
The work aims to study the effect of dermatological phytogel on the ability of microorganisms to form biofilms.
The objects of research were samples of gel containing dry walnut leaf extract with the sum of tannins in terms of gallic acid and dry matter 30 mg/100 g of gel, dry nettle extract with the sum of hydroxycinnamic acids in terms of chlorogenic acid, and dry matter 20 mg/100 g of gel, dry thyme extract with the sum of flavonoids in terms of rutin and dry matter 35 mg/100 g of gel both monocomponent and combined.
The study of the ability of individual plant components of phytogel samples N 1, N 2, N 3 and samples of combined phytogel N 4, N 5, and N 6 to influence biofilm formation have shown that the most pronounced decceleration of biofilms formation was registered in the gel sample with phytocomplex N 4 and was 19.7–20.7% to S. aureus, E. coli, P. aerugenosis and C. albicans respectively. The activity of the gel sample with phytocomplex N 4 was 1.3–1.4 times higher than that of monocomponent gel samples N 1, N 2, and N 3. When determining the ability of the test samples to destroy biofilms, it has been found that the gel sample with phytocomplex N 4 showed the greatest activity, which exceeded the specified properties of samples N 5 and N 6 by an average of 1.2 and 1.8 times. The activity of single-component gel samples N 1, N 2, and N 3 was lower in S. aureus, E. coli, P. aerugenosis and C. albicans biofilm destruction.
The conducted studies prove the feasibility of further study of the combined gel with the phyto complex № 4 containing dry walnut leaf extract with the sum of tannins in terms of gallic acid and dry matter 30 mg/100 g of gel, dry nettle extract with the sum of hydroxycinnamic acids in terms of chlorogenic acid, and dry matter 20 mg/100 g of gel, dry thyme extract with the sum of flavonoids in terms of rutin and dry matter 35 mg/100 g of gel.
Determination of the total content of flavonoids in herbal mixtures with anti-diabetic activity
Authors: Савич А. О. , Криськів Л. С. , Мосула Л. М. 
Published: November 2021

Diabetes mellitus is an important social and medical problem, as it causes the development of dangerous complications that lead to disability and mortality. This disease is characterized by a multi-vector pathogenesis that requires a comprehensive approach to treatment. Due to the use of mixtures of medicinal plants in the treatment of diabetes, it is possible to cover all aspects of the development of this disease and its complications, because the combination of different medicinal plants contain more biologically active substances that affect all parts of the pathogenetic mechanism of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Plant biocompounds have a wide range of pharmacological action and various mechanisms of influence on the development of diabetes and diabetic angiopathies (inactivation of the antioxidant defense system, activation of lipid peroxidation and the development of oxidative stress). In addition, the niche of the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine with phytomixtures is almost empty.
The aim of the work was to study the total flavonoid content in some herbal mixtures, which have established hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activity in previous studies in vivo
The study of the total flavonoid content in herbal samples was carried out by UV-spectrophotometry with the recording of the absorption spectrum of complexation product of flavonoids with aluminum chloride (λmax 415 nm) in terms of rutin.
According to the results of UV-spectrophotometric determination, it was found that the total flavonoid content in the herbal mixture No 3 was 1.47 ± 0.04%, in the herbal mixture No 4 – 1.78 ± 0.04%, in the herbal mixture No 7 – 1.29 ± 0.02%, in the herbal mixture No 13 – 1.16 ± 0.02% and in the herbal mixture No 19 – 3.62 ± 0.06% in terms of rutin.
It was found that the best flavonoid content (3.62 ± 0.06%) was found in the plant mixture № 19, which contains nettle leaves, dandelion roots, blueberry leaves, rose hips and peppermint herb. Phytochemical studies may indicate a correlation between the content of flavonoids and pharmacological properties of the studied mixtures, because the functional hydroxyl groups of the latter cause strong antioxidant activity by neutralizing free radicals, chelation of heavy metal ions, increasing the activity of antioxidant protection products, which has been confirmed in previous in vivo and in vitro studies.