bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eutectic Crystallization Activates Solid‐State Zinc‐Ion Conduction
Authors: Qiu Huayu , Hu Rongxiang , Du Xiaofan , Chen Zhou , Zhao Jingwen , Lu Guoli , Jiang Meifang , Kong Qingyu , Yan Yiyuan , Du Junzhe , Zhou Xinhong , Cui Guanglei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSolid‐state zinc (Zn) batteries offer a new candidate for emerging applications sensitive to volume, safety and cost. However, current solid polymeric or ceramic electrolyte structures remain poorly conductive for the divalent Zn2+, especially at room temperature. Constructing a heterogeneous interface which allows Zn2+ percolation is a viable option, but this is rarely involved in multivalent systems. Herein, we construct a solid Zn2+‐ion conductor by inducing crystallization of tailored eutectic liquids formed by organic Zn salts and bipolar ligands. High‐entropy eutectic‐networks weaken the ion‐association and form interfacial Zn2+‐percolated channels on the nucleator surfaces, resulting in a solid crystal with exceptional selectivity for Zn2+ transport (t
=0.64) and appreciable Zn2+ conductivity (σ
=3.78×10−5 S cm−1 at 30 °C, over 2 orders of magnitude higher than conventional polymers), and finally enabling practical ambient‐temperature Zn/V2O5 metal solid cells. This design principle leveraged by the eutectic solidification affords new insights on the multivalent solid electrochemistry suffering from slow ion migration.
A Molecular Compound for Highly Selective Purification of Ethylene
Authors: Noonikara‐Poyil Anurag , Cui Hui , Yakovenko Andrey A. , Stephens Peter W. , Lin Rui‐Biao , Wang Bin , Chen Banglin , Dias H. V. Rasika 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurification of C2H4 from an C2H4 /C2H6 mixture is one of the most challenging separation processes, which is achieved mainly through energy‐intensive, cryogenic distillation in industry. Sustainable, non‐distillation methods are highly desired as alternatives. We discovered that the fluorinated bis(pyrazolyl)borate ligand supported copper(I) complex {[(CF3)2Bp]Cu}3 has features very desirable in an olefin–paraffin separation material. It binds ethylene exclusively over ethane generating [(CF3)2Bp]Cu(C2H4). This molecular compound exhibits extremely high and record ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) C2H4 /C2H6 gas separation selectivity, affording high purity (>99.5 %) ethylene that can be readily desorbed from separation columns. In‐situ PXRD provides a “live” picture of the reversible conversion between [(CF3)2Bp]Cu(C2H4) and the ethylene‐free sorbent in the solid‐state, driven by the presence or removal of C2H4. Molecular structures of trinuclear {[(CF3)2Bp]Cu}3 and mononuclear [(CF3)2Bp]Cu(C2H4) are also presented.
Divergent Synthesis of Skeletally Distinct Arboridinine and Arborisidine
Authors: Wang Cheng , Pang Yubing , Wu Yuecheng , Zhang Nanping , Yang Rui , Li Ying , Chen Pengquan , Jiang Huanfeng , Xu Xue‐Tao , Kam Toh‐Seok , Fan Ting , Ma Zhiqiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA divergent synthesis of skeletally distinct arboridinine and arborisidine was achieved. The central divergent strategy was inspired by the divergent biosynthetic cyclization mode of arboridinine and arborisidine and their hidden topological connection. The branch point was reached through a Michael and Mannich cascade process. A site‐selective intramolecular Mannich reaction was developed to construct the tetracyclic core of arboridinine, while a site‐selective intramolecular α‐amination of ketone was used to access the tetracyclic core of arborisidine. A strategic Peterson olefination through intramolecular nucleophile delivery was able to set up the exocyclic olefin of arboridinine.
Dual Nanoislands on Ni/C Hybrid Nanosheet Activate Superior Hydrazine Oxidation‐Assisted High‐Efficiency H2 Production
Authors: Zhu Yin , Zhang Jihua , Qian Qizhu , Li Yapeng , Li Ziyun , Liu Yi , Xiao Chong , Zhang Genqiang , Xie Yi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractClean hydrogen evolution through electrochemical water splitting underpins various innovative approaches to the pursuit of sustainable energy conversion technologies, but it is blocked by the sluggish anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) has been considered as one of the most promising substitute for OER to improve the efficiency of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, we construct novel dual nanoislands on Ni/C hybrid nanosheet array: one kind of island represents the part of bare Ni particle surface, while the other stands for the part of core–shell Ni@C structure (denoted as Ni‐C HNSA), in which exposed Ni atoms and Ni‐decorated carbon shell perform as active sites for HzOR and HER respectively. As a result, when the current density reaches 10 mA cm−2, the working potentials are merely −37 mV for HER and ‐20 mV for HzOR. A two‐electrode electrolyzer exhibits superb activity that only requires an ultrasmall cell voltage of 0.14 V to achieve 50 mA cm−2.
Macrocyclic Donor–Acceptor Dyads Composed of a Perylene Bisimide Dye Surrounded by Oligothiophene Bridges
Authors: Bold Kevin , Stolte Matthias , Shoyama Kazutaka , Holzapfel Marco , Schmiedel Alexander , Lambert Christoph , Würthner Frank 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTwo macrocyclic architectures comprising oligothiophene strands that connect the imide positions of a perylene bisimide (PBI) dye have been synthesized via a platinum‐mediated cross‐coupling strategy. The crystal structure of the double bridged PBI reveals allsyn‐arranged thiophene units that completely enclose the planar PBI chromophore via a 12‐membered macrocycle. The target structures were characterized by steady‐state UV/Vis absorption, fluorescence and transient absorption spectroscopy, as well as cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry. Both donor–acceptor dyads show ultrafast Förster Resonance Energy Transfer and photoinduced electron transfer, thereby leading to extremely low fluorescence quantum yields even in the lowest polarity cyclohexane solvent.
UV‐induced oxygenation of toluene enhanced by Co (acac)2/9‐mesityl‐10‐methylacridinium ion/N‐hydroxyphthalimide tandem
Authors: Pokutsa Alexander , Ohkubo Kei , Zaborovski Andriy , Bloniarz Pawel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe effect of near‐UV irradiation on the oxygenation of toluene dissolved in MeCN was studied in a stainless‐steel reactor upon O2 bubbling at 80°C and 100°C and 10 atm using Co (acac)2 and 9‐mesityl‐2,7,10‐trimethylacridinium perchlorate (Me2Acr+–Mes ClO4−) as the catalyst and photocatalyst, respectively. In the absence of the process mediator N‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI), the rate of PhCH3 oxidation was extremely low, leading to trace amounts of the products formed. The presence of NHPI and the irradiation with UV light enhanced the substrate oxygenation and benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, and benzoic acid yield substantially by three to four times. The relative content of the last product was lowest at the beginning of the process as well as in light‐excited oxygenation. In this report, we highlight the mechanism of catalyst, photocatalyst, and mediator combined effect on product yield and composition.
Experimental study on an oil‐based polymer gel for lost circulation control in high‐temperature fractured formation
Authors: Qiu Jiaxian , Bai Yingrui , Sun Jinsheng , Dai Liyao , Lei Shaofei , Liu Fan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAiming at the lack of plugging agent for oil‐based drilling fluid leakage in fractured formation, an oil‐based gel‐plugging agent with high structural strength and strong thermal stability was synthesized based on monomer polymerization and crosslinking. According to the preparation experiment, when the total concentration of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate (BA) is 30% and the ratio is 6:4, the oil‐based gel solution can be completely gelatinized from 80 to 200°C, which has high gel strength and controllable gelation time. The effects of total concentration of BA and MMA, the ratio of BA and MMA, synthesis temperature, oil‐based drilling fluid invasion, shear effect, and fiber concentration on gelling performance were systematically studied. Fourier transform infrared molecular structure analysis showed that the oil‐based gel contained benzene ring group and ester characteristic group. From the rheological properties of oil‐based gel with 30% gelling agent at 160°C, it could be seen that the elastic modulus G′ of 10 Hz is 232 kPa, which is much larger than the storage modulus G″ is 99 kPa, which reflects the solid properties and has good elasticity and high strength. The displacement experiment of sand filling pipe and dynamic and static plugging experiment of high temperature and high pressure shows that the oil‐based gel has high bearing capacity in fractures and sand filling pipe. The bearing pressure is 3.01 MPa in 6 mm fractures, and the bearing pressure gradient is 0.602 MPa/cm.
Cross‐dehydrogenative Coupling of N‐Aryl Tetrahydroisoquinolines Catalyzed by an Anthraquinone‐containing Polymeric Photosensitizer
Authors: Wang Fei , Yu Dan , Chen Yang , Sun Jing , Wang Jing‐Yun , Zhou Ming‐Dong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis work reports the photocatalytic application of an anthraquinone‐containing polymeric photosensitizer (AQ‐PHEMA) in the visible light‐induced cross‐dehydrogenative‐coupling of N‐aryl tetrahydroisoquinolines with several nucleophiles, including nitromethane, 1‐methyl‐2‐alkyl ketone and dialkyl (aryl) phosphine oxide. The results revealed that the reaction could be catalyzed by AQ‐PHEMA efficiently to afford a series of 1‐substituted‐2‐aryl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinolines in good to excellent yields with nice substrate tolerance under aerobic conditions at room temperature. The practical application potential was also showcased by a gram‐scale synthesis. More importantly, the utilization of AQ‐PHEMA as a heterogeneous photosensitizer also showed nice recyclability and reusability of the catalyst, whereas AQ‐PHEMA can be easily separated and reused for at least 8 times without significant loss of photocatalytic activity.
Human neutrophil peptide 1 promotes immune sterilization in vivo by reducing the virulence of multidrug‐resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and increasing the ability of macrophages
Authors: Wang Hui‐Yun , Chen Xiao‐chun , Yan Zhi‐han , Tu Fan , He Tian , Gopinath Subash C. B. , Rui Xiao‐hong , Cao Fu‐tao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBy studying the expression in patients and cell modeling in vitro, antimicrobial peptides for Klebsiella were screened. Killing curve and membrane permeability experiments are used to study the antibacterial effect of antimicrobial peptides in vitro. Cytotoxicity‐related indicators including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), capsule polysaccharide (CPS), and outer membrane protein expression were measured. Intranasal inoculation of pneumoconiosis was used to construct a mouse infection model, and the survival rate and cytokine expression level were tested. Human neutrophil peptide 1 (HNP‐1) showed a significant antibacterial effect, which improved the permeability of the outer membrane of K. pneumoniae. Moreover, HNP‐1 decreased LPS, CPS content, and outer membrane proteins. K. pneumoniae infection decreased antimicrobial peptide, oxidative stress, and autophagy‐related genes, while HNP‐1 increased these genes. After coculture with macrophages, the endocytosis of macrophages is enhanced and the bacterial load is greater in the K. pneumoniae + peptide group. Besides, higher levels of pp38 and pp65 in the K. pneumoniae + peptide group. HNP‐1 rescued the cytotoxicity induced by K. pneumoniae. The survival rate is significantly improved after K. pneumoniae is treated by HNP‐1. All cytokines in the peptide group were significantly higher. HNP‐1 promotes immune sterilization by reducing the virulence of multidrug‐resistant K. pneumoniae and increasing the ability of macrophages.
Active learning tools improve the learning outcomes, scientific attitude, and critical thinking in higher education: Experiences in an online course during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Rossi Izadora Volpato , de Lima Jordana Dinorá , Sabatke Bruna , Nunes Maria Alice Ferreira , Ramirez Graciela Evans , Ramirez Marcel Ivan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractActive teaching methodologies have been placed as a hope for changing education at different levels, transiting from passive lecture‐centered to student‐centered learning. With the health measures of social distance, the COVID‐19 pandemic forced a strong shift to remote education. With the challenge of delivering quality education through a computer screen, we validated and applied an online course model using active teaching tools for higher education. We incorporated published active‐learning strategies into an online construct, with problem‐based inquiry and design of inquiry research projects to serve as our core active learning tool. The gains related to students' science learning experiences and their attitudes toward science were assessed by applying questionnaires before, during, and after the course. The course counted on the participation of 83 students, most of them (60.8%) from postgraduate students. Our results show that engagement provided by active learning methods can improve performance both in hard and soft skills. Students' participation seems to be more relevant when activities require the interaction of information, prediction, and reasoning, such as open‐ended questions and design of research projects. Therefore, our data show that, in pandemic, active learning tools benefit students and improve their critical thinking and their motivation and positive positioning in science.
Neuroanatomical differences in the memory systems of intellectual giftedness and typical development
Authors: Kuhn Taylor , Blades Robin , Gottlieb Lev , Knudsen Kendra , Ashdown Christopher , Martin‐Harris Laurel , Ghahremani Dara , Dang Bianca H. , Bilder Robert M. , Bookheimer Susan Y. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionStudying neuro‐structural markers of intellectual giftedness (IG) will inform scientific understanding of the processes helping children excel academically.MethodsStructural and diffusion‐weighted MRI was used to compare regional brain shape and connectivity of 12 children with average to high average IQ and 18 IG children, defined as having IQ greater than 145.ResultsIG had larger subcortical structures and more robust white matter microstructural organization between those structures in regions associated with explicit memory. TD had more connected, larger subcortical structures in regions associated with implicit memory.ConclusionsIt was found that the memory systems within brains of children with exceptional intellectual abilities are differently sized and connected compared to the brains of typically developing children. These different neurodevelopmental trajectories suggest different learning strategies. A spectrum of intelligence types is envisioned, facilitated by different ratios of implicit and explicit system, which was validated using a large external dataset.
Exploring the neural correlates of (altered) moral cognition in psychopaths
Authors: Lenzen Laura M. , Donges Maximilian R. , Eickhoff Simon B. , Poeppl Timm B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractResearch into the neurofunctional mechanisms of psychopathy has gathered momentum over the last years. Previous neuroimaging studies have identified general changes in brain activity of psychopaths. In an exploratory meta‐analysis, we here investigated the neural correlates of impaired moral cognition in psychopaths. Our analyses replicated general effects in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, lateral prefrontal cortex, fronto‐insular cortex, and amygdala, which have been reported recently. In addition, we found aberrant brain activity in the midbrain and inferior parietal cortex. Our preliminary findings suggest that alterations in both regions may represent more specific functional brain changes related to (altered) moral cognition in psychopaths. Furthermore, future studies including a more comprehensive corpus of neuroimaging studies on moral cognition in psychopaths should re‐examine this notion.
A Review on Catalytic Dehydration of Glycerol to Acetol
Authors: Basu Sayantani , Sen Akhil Kumar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe renewability of glycerol has made it an appealing medium for the processing of various compounds. Selective dehydration of glycerol to acetol is one of the promising glycerol valorizations. The performance and recent progress of those typical and most frequently mentioned catalysts for the synthesis of acetol from glycerol, including noble metals and transition‐based metals, are summarized in detail. A Cu‐based catalyst is identified as an appropriate catalyst for the synthesis of the glycerol dehydration route. In addition, advances in process development of several solid supports, the effects of catalyst preparation methods of suitable supports on catalytic activity, and the performance of catalysts' considering the catalytic conversion of glycerol to acetol are reviewed.
Progress on the Physiological Function of Mitochondrial DNA and Its Specific Detection and Therapy
Authors: Zhang Congcong , Xue Yufei , Wang Lan , Wu Qiong , Fang Bin , Sheng Yu , Bai Hua , Peng Bo , Yang Naidi , Li Lin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is the genetic information of mitochondrion, and its structure is circular double‐stranded. Despite the diminutive size of the mitochondrial genome, mtDNA mutations are an important cause of mitochondrial diseases which are characterized by defects in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Mitochondrial diseases are involved in multiple systems, particularly in the organs that are highly dependent on aerobic metabolism. The diagnosis of mitochondrial disease is more complicated since mtDNA mutations can cause various clinical symptoms. To realize more accurate diagnosis and treatment of mitochondrial diseases, the detection of mtDNA and the design of drugs acting on it are extremely important. Over the past few years, many probes and therapeutic drugs targeting mtDNA have been developed, making significant contributions to fundamental research including elucidation of the mechanisms of mitochondrial diseases at the genetic level. In this review, we summarize the structure, function, and detection approaches for mtDNA. The most current topics in this field, such as mechanistic exploration and treatment of mtDNA mutation‐related disorders, are also reviewed. Specific attention is given to discussing the design and development of these probes and drugs for mtDNA. We hope that this review will provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the importance of mtDNA, and promote the development of effective molecules for theragnosis of mtDNA mutation‐related diseases.
The role of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1‐alpha in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Yin Jiuheng , Ren Yanbei , Yang Kunqiu , Wang Wensheng , Wang Ting , Xiao Weidong , Yang Hua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) develops as a result of a combination of genetic predisposition, dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, and environmental influences, which is mainly represented by ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). IBDs can result in inflammatory hypoxia by causing intestinal inflammation and vascular damage. The hypoxia‐inducible factor 1‐alpha (HIF‐1α), as a transcription factor, can regulate the cellular adaptation to low oxygen levels and support the development and function of the gut barrier. HIF‐αplays its functions through translocating into the nucleus, dimerizing with HIF‐1β, and binding to hypoxia‐responsive elements of HIF‐1 target genes. So far, most studies have addressed the function of HIF‐1α in murine models of IBD. In this review, we aim to outline the major roles of HIF‐1α in the IBD.
Shockwave intravascular lithotripsy in the treatment of under‐expanded coronary stent: Case Series
Authors: Fedele Massimiliano , Iannone Alessandro , Bartolini Davide , Rubartelli Paolo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUnder‐expanded coronary stent related to inadequate preparation of calcified lesion is associated with poor clinical outcomes.Off‐label use of S‐IVL to correct this clinical issue is effective and safe, probably more than other current techniques. However, this statement needs further evidence.
The Size‐Dependent Catalytic Performances of Supported Metal Nanoparticles and Single Atoms for the Upgrading of Biomass‐Derived 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural, Furfural, and Levulinic acid
Authors: Shivhare Atal , Kumar Atul , Srivastava Rajendra 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe success of integrated biorefinery relies on developing robust and economical catalytic processes to produce liquid fuels and value‐added chemicals from the waste lignocellulose biomass. Platform chemicals obtained from biomass are multifunctional molecules, and their upgrading via various catalytic processes requires active and selective catalysts. Supported transition metal nanoparticles have been used extensively to catalyze the upgrading of biomass‐derived platform chemicals. Recent literature studies have focused on understanding the size‐dependent catalytic performances of supported transition metal nanoparticles and single atoms in biomass‐related chemical transformations. The catalytic behavior of transition metals depends on their size‐dependent geometric and electronic structures, and by controlling the size, the catalytic behavior can be optimized. Herein, we have reviewed the synthesis methodologies and characterization techniques of supported metal nanoparticles of different sizes and supported single atoms and have summarized several literature examples employing these catalysts to upgrade biomass‐derived platform chemicals such as; 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural, and levulinic acid, into liquid fuels and value‐added chemicals.
Reduced Graphene Oxide Hydrogel for High Energy Density Symmetric Supercapacitor with High Operation Potential in Aqueous Electrolyte
Authors: Wu Xiaozhong , Li Hua , Yang Xinping , Wang Xin , Miao Zhichao , Zhou Pengfei , Zhao Jinping , Zhou Jin , Zhuo Shuping 
Published: October 2021

AbstractReduced graphene oxide hydrogels (rGOHs) with tunable surface functionalities were prepared through a hydrothermal treatment. The self‐standing hydrogels were directly used as electrode materials without any binder or conducting agent in aqueous electrolyte. Electrochemical measurements show that the hydrogels can endure high potential up to 1.7 V in acid (H2SO4) and KI‐additive (H2SO4+KI) electrolyte. With the introduction of extra pseudocapacitance through KI, rGOH possesses a high specific capacitance of 539 F g−1, which is much larger than that (141 F g−1) in acid electrolyte. The energy density for rGOHs‐based supercapacitor with can reach up to 54 Wh kg−1 and the value can maintain at 28.8 Wh kg−1 even a high power density of 8500 W kg−1. Such a good supercapacitive performance can be attributed to the open porous and interconnected structure, together with surface functionalities.
Nanotubular ZrTiO4 Prepared on Sputter Deposited Zr−Ti Films by Anodization
Authors: Zhao Yujie , Yu Yang , Li Kun , Zhang Gan , Yu Kaiyuan , Li Yan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHighly ordered nanotubular ZrTiO4 thin films were synthesized by directly anodizing co‐sputtered Zr−Ti films deposited on silicon substrates. The crystals of as‐deposited Zr−Ti films preferred (002) orientation was beneficial to the nanotubular structure formation. The adjusted anodization potential and composition of Zr−Ti films resulted in a controllable nanotube diameter that ranges from approximately 45 nm to 110 nm. The thickness of as‐deposited Zr−Ti films and growth rates determined the length of nanotubular structure (1.7–4.5 μm). The decreased Ti content in the deposited Zr−Ti films lead to a higher nanotube growth rate due to the lower binding energy of Ti and oxygen. The higher Zr content in the Zr−Ti films was responsible for the crystalized nanotubular ZrTiO4 after anodization.