bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Actisil application affects growth, flowering, and biochemical parameters in petunia in vitro and greenhouse
Authors: Krupa-Małkiewicz Marcelina , Calomme Mario 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMineral nutrients are necessary for the growth and development of plants. Previous studies have concentrated mainly on silicon-accumulating plants, while less work has been conducted on non-accumulating plants such as Petunia × atkinsiana D. Don. In this study, we investigated the responses of morphological (plant height, root length, fresh and dry weight, no. of flowers) and biochemical (proline, malondialdehyde MDA, catalase CAT activity, total chlorophylls, carotenoids, total polyphenol, and NO3) traits of petunia to external application of commercial silicon solution (Hydroplus™ Actisil) after 5 weeks of in vitro culture and 6 weeks under greenhouse condition. Actisil was supplemented into the MS medium (in vitro) at concentrations of 0 (control), 50, 100, 200, and 500 mg L−1, or supplied via irrigations at a concentration of 0 (control) and 200 mg L−1 in one, two, and three applications under greenhouse conditions. The addition of silicon to the MS medium decreased plant height (22–41% of control) and root length (53–70% of control). In contrast, in greenhouse-grown petunia irrigation of silicon increased plant height (145% of control ) and root length (176% of control). Petunias treated with Actisil had greener leaves compared to the control. This was also confirmed by higher concentrations of chlorophyll. Conversely, increased concentrations of proline, MDA, and total polyphenol and higher CAT activities may indicate that silicon provokes a stress response of the in vitro plants. Actisil treatment in the concentration of 200 mg L−1 was found to positively affect the growth and flowering of the greenhouse-grown petunia.
Present and potential future critical source areas of nonpoint source pollution: a case of the Nakdong River watershed, South Korea
Authors: Seo Mijin , Heo Joonghyeok , Kim Yongseok 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIdentifying critical source areas (CSAs) is the first step to effectively managing nonpoint source (NPS) pollution. Increasing variability in climate can affect identification of CSAs. In this study, we identified present and future CSAs of NPS pollution in the Nakdong River watershed and examined how climate change will influence the identification of CSAs. Nine NPS pollution-related factors affecting the watershed environment and water quality were considered. These factors were rescaled through a min-max normalization to propose an index system that ranks basins based on the sensitivity of basins to climate change on identifying CSAs. For analyses, past rainfall was replaced with future rainfall under two RCP scenarios, RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5. Results showed insignificant differences in the spatial distribution of CSAs between the present and the future and between the future scenarios. Basins that are on or adjacent to the Nakdong River mainstream were mainly identified as CSAs, in addition to many basins of the Geumho and Nam rivers. Highly ranked CSAs including the level 1 CSAs, were mainly distributed in the mid- and downstream areas of the Nakdong River, indicating high need of NPS pollution management. This study can provide a foundation for the effective management of NPS pollution in the present and the future.
COVID-19 and municipal solid waste (MSW) management: a review
Authors: Das Atanu Kumar , Islam Md. Nazrul , Billah Md. Morsaline , Sarker Asim 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMunicipal solid waste (MSW) represents an inevitable by-product of human activity and a major crisis for communities across the globe. In recent times, the recycling of MSW has drawn attention as the process can add value through resources from the recovered waste materials and facilitates the process of circular economy. However, during the unprecedented coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, the risk of infection with the highly contagious virus has proven detrimental to the continuation of MSW as a valuable resource. The volume of waste, especially household waste, is higher; face masks, PPE (personal protective equipment), and hazardous materials such as batteries and empty chlorine bottles are examples of extra waste that have arisen during the pandemic. Various countries have set up initiatives for MSW management, including safety measurements for employees in the MSW management sector. The use of disinfectant prior to sorting waste, as well as storing waste for 9 days, may help to inactivate the COVID-19 virus, ensuring an appropriate safety level for MSW management. This work aimed at studying different MSW management strategies, specific challenges, and possible solutions for better understanding for those involved in waste management, in addition to providing a possible management strategy during and post-COVID-19 pandemic.
Graphical abstract
Ageing affects subtelomeric DNA methylation in blood cells from a large European population enrolled in the MARK-AGE study
Authors: Bacalini Maria Giulia , Reale Anna , Malavolta Marco , Ciccarone Fabio , Moreno-Villanueva María , Dollé Martijn E. T. , Jansen Eugène , Grune Tilman , Gonos Efstathios S. , Schön Christiane , Bernhardt Jürgen , Grubeck-Loebenstein Beatrix , Sikora Ewa , Toussaint Olivier , Debacq-Chainiaux Florence , Capri Miriam , Hervonen Antti , Hurme Mikko , Slagboom P. Eline , Breusing Nicolle , Aversano Valentina , Tagliatesta Stefano , Franceschi Claudio , Blasco Maria A. , Bürkle Alexander , Caiafa Paola , Zampieri Michele 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAgeing leaves characteristic traces in the DNA methylation make-up of the genome. However, the importance of DNA methylation in ageing remains unclear. The study of subtelomeric regions could give promising insights into this issue. Previously reported associations between susceptibility to age-related diseases and epigenetic instability at subtelomeres suggest that the DNA methylation profile of subtelomeres undergoes remodelling during ageing. In the present work, this hypothesis has been tested in the context of the European large-scale project MARK-AGE. In this cross-sectional study, we profiled the DNA methylation of chromosomes 5 and 21 subtelomeres, in more than 2000 age-stratified women and men recruited in eight European countries. The study included individuals from the general population as well as the offspring of nonagenarians and Down syndrome subjects, who served as putative models of delayed and accelerated ageing, respectively. Significant linear changes of subtelomeric DNA methylation with increasing age were detected in the general population, indicating that subtelomeric DNA methylation changes are typical signs of ageing. Data also show that, compared to the general population, the dynamics of age-related DNA methylation changes are attenuated in the offspring of centenarian, while they accelerate in Down syndrome individuals. This result suggests that subtelomeric DNA methylation changes reflect the rate of ageing progression. We next attempted to trace the age-related changes of subtelomeric methylation back to the influence of diverse variables associated with methylation variations in the population, including demographics, dietary/health habits and clinical parameters. Results indicate that the effects of age on subtelomeric DNA methylation are mostly independent of all other variables evaluated.
Left-ventricular hypertrophy in 18-month-old donor rat hearts was not associated with graft dysfunction in the early phase of reperfusion after cardiac transplantation–gene expression profiling
Authors: Korkmaz-Icöz Sevil , Akca Deniz , Li Shiliang , Loganathan Sivakkanan , Brlecic Paige , Ruppert Mihály , Sayour Alex Ali , Simm Andreas , Brune Maik , Radovits Tamás , Karck Matthias , Szabó Gábor 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe use of hearts with left-ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH) could offer an opportunity to extend the donor pool for cardiac transplantation. We assessed the effects of LVH in 18-month-old spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone (SHRSP) donor rats and following transplantation. In donors, cardiac function and structural alterations were assessed. Then, the hearts were transplanted into young normotensive-rats. We evaluated LV graft function 1 h after transplantation. The myocardial expression of 92 genes involved in apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative-stress was profiled using PCR-array. Compared to controls, SHRSP-rats developed LVH, had increased LV systolic performance (slope of the end-diastolic pressure-volume (PV) relationship: 1.6±0.2 vs 0.8±0.1mmHg/μl,p<0.05) accompanied by diastolic dysfunction [prolonged time constant of LV pressure decay (Tau: 15.8±0.6 vs 12.3±0.5ms) and augmented diastolic stiffness (LV end-diastolic PV relationship: 0.103±0.012 vs 0.045±0.006mmHg/ml),p<0.05]. They presented ECG changes, myocardial fibrosis, and increased nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity and plasma troponin-T and creatine kinase-CM levels. After transplantation, even though the graft contractility was better in SHRSP rats compared to controls, the adverse impact of ischemia/reperfusion-injury on contractility was not altered (Eesratio after versus before transplantation: 32% vs 29%,p>0.05). Whereas nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity was higher, myeloperoxidase-positive cell infiltration was decreased in the SHRSP+transplanted compared to control+transplanted. Among the tested genes, LVH was associated with altered expression of 38 genes in donors, while transplantation of these hearts resulted in the change of four genes. Alterations in 18-month-old donor hearts, as a consequence of hypertension and LVH, were not associated with graft dysfunction in the early phase of reperfusion after transplantation.
Source, Characterization of Indoor Dust PAHs and the Health Risk on Chinese Children
Authors: Wang Xin-qi , Li Xu , Yang Yu-yan , Fan Lin , Han Xu , Li Li , Liu Hang , Ge Tan-xi , Su Li-qin , Wang Xian-liang , Zhu Yuan-duo 
Published: April 2021

SummaryPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor dust are one of the common exposure sources for children worldwide. The aim of this study is to explore PAHs pollution status in indoor dust and estimate health risk on Chinese children with big data. Weighted average concentration was used to analyze source and characterization of PAHs in indoor dust based on peer-reviewed literature. According to specific inclusion criteria, 17 studies were included finally to analyze weighted average concentration. The national average concentration of Σ16PAHs was approximately 25.696 µg/g. The highest concentration of Σ16PAHs was in Shanxi (2111.667 µg/g), and the lowest was in Hong Kong (1.505 µg/g). The concentrations in Shanxi and Guangdong were higher than national level and the over standard rate was 18.18%. The concentrations of individual PAHs varied greatly across the country, and Flu in Shanxi was the highest (189.400 µg/g). The sources of PAHs varied in different regions and combustion processes played a leading role. PAHs exposure through ingestion and dermal contact was more carcinogenic than inhalation. The incremental lifetime cancer risk model indicated that children lived in Shanxi were found in the highest health risk coupled with the highest BaPE concentration (54.074 µg/g). Although PAHs concentrations of indoor dust showed a downward trend from 2005 to 2018, indoor environmental sanitation should be improved with multidisciplinary efforts. Health standard should be possibly established to minimize children exposure to PAHs in indoor dust in China.
Volatilized and Condensed Sb- and As-Bearing Phases Produced During Roasting of Cu-Rich Complex Concentrate in Nitrogen Atmosphere with Oxygen in Traces
Authors: Prasad Pande Nishant , Lennartsson Andreas , Samuelsson Caisa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A Cu-rich complex sulpfide concentrate (containing Sb as sulphosalts and gudmundite, and As as arsenopyrite) is roasted in Nitrogen atmosphere carrying traces of oxygen (

$${\text{p}}^{{\text{O}}_{2}} \approx {10}^{-5.3}\text{ bar)}$$

p

O
2

≈

10

-
5.3

bar)

. In situ measurements through QMS indicated that the volatilized species are mainly elemental sulfur, S2(g), and gaseous sulfur oxides. Sb- and As-bearing volatilized species could not be detected, owing to their low concentrations in the gas phase. Characterization studies through XRD and SEM-EDS confirmed that the condensates collected at room temperature during the roasting experiments comprised of (1) cyclo-octa sulfur, S8(s) and polysulfur oxides, S
n−x
O
x
(s); (2) amorphous trisulfides of Sb and As; (3) and cubic crystalline trioxides of Sb and As. The solid phases in the condensate were found to be fine-sized (sub-micronic) and widely intermixed. Consequently, quantification of the solid phases in the condensates through direct measurement techniques like QEMSCAN was not possible. A novel approach of partial quantification of solid phases in the condensate through a stochastic model-based calculation approach is also presented. The model results suggested the occurrence of vapor-phase complexation of sulfides of Sb and As in the gas phase. Additional attributes of the volatilized species could be determined through a thermodynamic equilibrium calculation showing that the formation of the complex oxides, As4−n
Sb
n
O6(g), would be negligible compared to that of the complex sulfides, As4−n
Sb
n
S6(g).
Dual-Tunable Polarization Insensitive Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in Metamaterials
Authors: Ning Renxia , Xiao Zhiqiang , Chen Zhenhai , Huang Wei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA multilayer structure of a square ring of graphene with nesting vanadium dioxide (VO2) was investigated in this study. This structure exhibits electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), which stems from a bright mode coupling with a dark mode. The permittivity values of graphene and VO2 can be modulated via chemical potential and temperature, respectively. The EIT effect can be tuned based on the chemical potential of graphene and temperature of VO2, resulting in a dual-tunable EIT effect. Simulation results confirmed that this dual-tunable EIT phenomenon is insensitive to polarization. These results may have potential applications in terahertz devices, such as slow light devices, switching devices, and sensors.
Accuracy of common stem volume formulae using terrestrial photogrammetric point clouds: a case study with savanna trees in Benin
Authors: Akpo Hospice A. , Atindogbé Gilbert , Obiakara Maxwell C. , Adjinanoukon Arios B. , Gbedolo Madaï , Fonton Noël H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRecent applications of digital photogrammetry in forestry have highlighted its utility as a viable mensuration technique. However, in tropical regions little research has been done on the accuracy of this approach for stem volume calculation. In this study, the performance of Structure from Motion photogrammetry for estimating individual tree stem volume in relation to traditional approaches was evaluated. We selected 30 trees from five savanna species growing at the periphery of the W National Park in northern Benin and measured their circumferences at different heights using traditional tape and clinometer. Stem volumes of sample trees were estimated from the measured circumferences using nine volumetric formulae for solids of revolution, including cylinder, cone, paraboloid, neiloid and their respective fustrums. Each tree was photographed and stem volume determined using a taper function derived from tri-dimensional stem models. This reference volume was compared with the results of formulaic estimations. Tree stem profiles were further decomposed into different portions, approximately corresponding to the stump, butt logs and logs, and the suitability of each solid of revolution was assessed for simulating the resulting shapes. Stem volumes calculated using the fustrums of paraboloid and neiloid formulae were the closest to reference volumes with a bias and root mean square error of 8.0% and 24.4%, respectively. Stems closely resembled fustrums of a paraboloid and a neiloid. Individual stem portions assumed different solids as follows: fustrums of paraboloid and neiloid were more prevalent from the stump to breast height, while a paraboloid closely matched stem shapes beyond this point. Therefore, a more accurate stem volumetric estimate was attained when stems were considered as a composite of at least three geometric solids.
Interventions and Operations after Bariatric Surgery in a Health Plan Research Network Cohort from the PCORnet, the National Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network
Authors: Ma Qinli , Shambhu Sonali , Arterburn David E. , McTigue Kathleen M. , Haynes Kevin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Obesity is a highly prevalent condition with severe clinical burden. Bariatric procedures are an important and expanding treatment option. This study compared short-(30-day composite adverse events) and long-term (intervention/operation, endoscopy, hospitalization, and mortality up to 5 years) safety outcomes associated with three bariatric surgical procedures.

Materials and Methods
This observational cohort study replicated an electronic health record study comparing short- and long-term problems associated with three bariatric surgical procedures between January 1, 2006, and September 30, 2015, within a Health Plan Research Network.

Results
Of 95,251 adults, 34,240 (36%) underwent adjustable gastric banding (AGB), 36,206 (38%) Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), and 24,805 (26%) sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Median (interquartile range) years of follow-up was 3.3 (1.4–5.0) (AGB), 2.5 (1.0–4.6) (RYGB), and 1.1 (0.5–2.1) (SG). Overall mean (SD) age was 44.2 (11.4) years. The cohort was predominantly female (76%). Thirty-day composite adverse events occurred more frequently following RYGB (3.8%) than AGB (3.1%) and SG (2.8%). Operation/intervention was less likely in SG than in RYGB (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR), 0.87; 95%CI, 0.80–0.96; P=0.003), and more likely in AGB than in RYGB (AHR, 2.10; 95%CI, 2.00–2.21; P<0.001). Hospitalization was less likely after ABG and SG than after RYGB: AGB vs. RYGB, AHR=0.73; 95%CI, 0.71–0.76; P<0.001; SG vs. RYGB, AHR=0.79; 95%CI, 0.76–0.83; P<0.001. Mortality was most likely for RYGB (SG vs. RYGB: AHR, 0.76; 95%CI, 0.64–0.92; P=0.004; AGB vs. RYGB: AHR, 0.49; 95%CI, 0.43–0.56; P=0.001).

Conclusions
Interventions, operations, and hospitalizations were more often associated with AGB and RYGB than SG while RYGB had the lowest risk for revision.

Graphical abstract
Estimating and Applying Fish and Invertebrate Density and Production Enhancement from Seagrass, Salt Marsh Edge, and Oyster Reef Nursery Habitats in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: zu Ermgassen Philine S. E. , DeAngelis Bryan , Gair Jonathan R. , Ermgassen Sophus zu , Baker Ronald , Daniels Andre , MacDonald Timothy C. , Meckley Kara , Powers Sean , Ribera Marta , Rozas Lawrence P. , Grabowski Jonathan H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSeagrasses, oyster reefs, and salt marshes are critical coastal habitats that support high densities of juvenile fish and invertebrates. Yet which species are enhanced through these nursery habitats, and to what degree, remains largely unquantified. Densities of young-of-year fish and invertebrates in seagrasses, oyster reefs, and salt marsh edges as well as in paired adjacent unstructured habitats of the northern Gulf of Mexico were compiled. Species consistently found at higher densities in the structured habitats were identified, and species-specific growth and mortality models were applied to derive production enhancement estimates arising from this enhanced density. Enhancement levels for fish and invertebrate production were similar for seagrass (1370 [SD 317] g m–2 y–1for 25 enhanced species) and salt marsh edge habitats (1222 [SD 190] g m–2 y–1, 25 spp.), whereas oyster reefs produced ~650 [SD 114] g m–2 y–1(20 spp). This difference was partly due to lower densities of juvenile blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) on oyster reefs, although only oyster reefs enhanced commercially valuable stone crabs (Menippe spp.). The production estimates were applied to Galveston Bay, Texas, and Pensacola Bay, Florida, for species known to recruit consistently in those embayments. These case studies illustrated variability in production enhancement by coastal habitats within the northern Gulf of Mexico. Quantitative estimates of production enhancement within specific embayments can be used to quantify the role of essential fish habitat, inform management decisions, and communicate the value of habitat protection and restoration.
Opportunities and Challenges for Including Oyster-Mediated Denitrification in Nitrogen Management Plans
Authors: Rose Julie M. , Gosnell J. Stephen , Bricker Suzanne , Brush Mark J. , Colden Allison , Harris Lora , Karplus Eric , Laferriere Alix , Merrill Nathaniel H. , Murphy Tammy B. , Reitsma Joshua , Shockley Johnny , Stephenson Kurt , Theuerkauf Seth , Ward Dan , Fulweiler Robinson W. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNitrogen pollution is one of the primary threats to coastal water quality globally, and governmental regulations and marine policy are increasingly requiring nitrogen remediation in management programs. Traditional mitigation strategies (e.g., advanced wastewater treatment) are not always enough to meet reduction goals. Novel opportunities for additional nitrogen reduction are needed to develop a portfolio of long-term solutions. Increasingly, in situ nitrogen reduction practices are providing a complementary management approach to the traditional source control and treatment, including recognition of potential contributions of coastal bivalve shellfish. While policy interest in bivalves has focused primarily on nitrogen removal via biomass harvest, bivalves can also contribute to nitrogen removal by enhancing denitrification (the microbial driven process of bioavailable nitrogen transformation to di-nitrogen gas). Recent evidence suggests that nitrogen removed via enhanced denitrification may eclipse nitrogen removal through biomass harvest alone. With a few exceptions, bivalve-enhanced denitrification has yet to be incorporated into water quality policy. Here, we focus on oysters in considering how this issue may be addressed. We discuss policy options to support expansion of oyster-mediated denitrification, describe the practical considerations for incorporation into nitrogen management, and summarize the current state of the field in accounting for denitrification in oyster habitats. When considered against alternative nitrogen control strategies, we argue that enhanced denitrification associated with oysters should be included in a full suite of nitrogen removal strategies, but with the recognition that denitrification associated with oyster habitats will not alone solve our excess nitrogen loading problem.
Enhanced algorithms to ensure the success of rendezvous maneuvers using aerodynamic forces
Authors: Bühler S. , Traub C. , Fasoulas S. , Herdrich G. H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA common practice in the field of differential lift and drag controlled satellite formation flight is to analytically design maneuver trajectories using linearized relative motion models and the constant density assumption. However, the state-of-the-art algorithms inevitably fail if the initial condition of the final control phase exceeds an orbit and spacecraft-dependent range, the so-called feasibility range. This article presents enhanced maneuver algorithms for the third (and final) control phase which ensure the overall maneuver success independent of the initial conditions. Thereby, all maneuvers which have previously been categorized as infeasible due to algorithm limitations are rendered feasible. An individual algorithm is presented for both possible control options of the final phase, namely differential lift or drag. In addition, a methodology to precisely determine the feasibility range without the need of computational expensive Monte Carlo simulations is presented. This allows fast and precise assessments of possible influences of boundary conditions, such as the orbital inclination or the maneuver altitude, on the feasibility range.