bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enantioselective α‐Etherification of Branched Aldehydes via an Oxidative Umpolung Strategy
Authors: Lamhauge Johannes N. , Corti Vasco , Liu Yidong , Jørgensen Karl Anker 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSaturated carbonyl compounds are, via their enolate analogues, inherently nucleophilic at the α‐position. In the presence of a benzoquinone oxidant, the polarity of the α‐position of racemic α‐branched aldehydes is inverted, allowing for an enantioselective etherification using readily available oxygen‐based nucleophiles and an amino acid‐derived primary amine catalyst. A survey of benzoquinone oxidants identified p‐fluoranil and DDQ as suitable reaction partners. p‐Fluoranil enables the preparation of α‐aryloxylated aldehydes using phenol nucleophiles in up to 91 % ee, following either a one‐step or a two‐step, one‐pot protocol. DDQ allows for a more general etherification protocol in combination with a broader range of alcohol nucleophiles with enantioselectivities up to 95 % ee. Control experiments and isolation of a key quinol intermediate supports a mechanism proceeding via an SN2 dynamic‐kinetic resolution. These studies provide the basis for an aminocatalytic umpolung concept that allows for the asymmetric construction of tertiary ethers in the α‐position of aldehydes.
Diethynyl Phosphinates for Cysteine‐Selective Protein Labeling and Disulfide Rebridging
Authors: Stieger Christian E. , Franz Luise , Körlin Frieder , Hackenberger Christian P. R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDiethynyl phosphinates were developed as bisfunctional electrophiles for the site‐selective modification of peptides, proteins and antibodies. One of their electron‐deficient triple bonds reacts selectively with a thiol and positions an electrophilic moiety for a subsequent intra‐ or intermolecular reaction with another thiol. The obtained conjugates were found to be stable in human plasma and in the presence of small thiols. We further demonstrate that this method is suitable for the generation of functional protein conjugates for intracellular delivery. Finally, this reagent class was used to generate functional homogeneously rebridged antibodies that remain specific for their target. Their modular synthesis, thiol selectivity and conjugate stability make diethynyl phosphinates ideal candidates for protein conjugation for biological and pharmaceutical applications.
Preparation and electrochemical application of an AgNW/graphene/SU‐8 composite conductive photoresist
Authors: Xu Mengyi , Wu Qian , Wei Wei , Liu Xiaoya , Li Xiaojie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhotoresists play an increasingly important role in industrial fields like micro‐electro mechanical systems, micromachining, and chip packaging. However, the traditional one‐component photoresist is insulated, and additional steps are required to make it conductive, which complicates the process and limits its application. In order to solve the problem, we establish a one‐step strategy to build conductive composite photoresist. Herein, graphene (GR) and silver nanowire (AgNW) are doped into SU‐8 photoresist to fabricate a photo‐patternable conductive composite. The composite photoresist is employed to make micro‐patterns on an ITO electrode using photolithography, followed by electrochemical reduction of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) to produce a nonenzymatic sensing coating. Experimental results prove that the response current of the obtained sensor is linearly related to the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the range of 1–25 mM. The sensitivity and detection limit of the sensor are 41.8 μA mM−1 cm−2 and 9 μM, respectively. Moreover, excellent sensing performance including anti‐interference, repeatability, and stability demonstrates the potential application of CuNPs/AgNW/GR/SU‐8 composite material in electrochemical sensing.
Synthesis and characterization of melt‐processable polyimides derived from diaminodiphenylsulfone and benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride with excellent heat resistance and thermoplasticity
Authors: Zhou Hanran , Zhang Luhang , Mao Yanyu , Qu Chunyan , Wang Dezhi , Zhang Xiao , Fan Xupeng , Li Hongfeng , Su Kai , Liu Changwei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPolyimide has excellent heat resistance, dielectric properties, and mechanical properties, and has a wide range of applications in aerospace, electronic packaging, and insulating materials. However, traditional polyimide is difficult to melt and dissolve, and its processing is difficult, which has become an important reason limiting its practical application. Therefore, the development of high temperature‐resistant thermoplastic polyimide has become a research hotspot. To prepare high temperature‐resistant thermoplastic polyimide materials, a series of thermoplastic polyimides was successfully prepared using 3,3′,4,4′‐benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3′‐diaminodiphenylsulfone, 2,3′,3,4′‐benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 9,9‐bis(4‐aminophenyl)fluorene, and 2,2‐bis(3‐amino‐4‐hydroxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane via a two‐step method. The effects of non‐coplanar structure and bulky groups on the solubility, processability, and thermal properties of polyimide were studied. The structure, heat resistance and thermoplasticity of polyimide were characterized via various methods. The results show that the glass transition temperature of the prepared thermoplastic polyimide is between 292 and 302°C, and has excellent thermal resistance. The processing viscosity of polyimides is as low as 9210 Pa.s, and it has a certain degree of processing properties. It may be designed to be used in high temperature‐resistant hot melt adhesives for structural components, high temperature‐resistant melt processing resins, or thermoplastic composite materials used in the field of aerospace in the future.
Factors associated with distributions of six fishes of greatest conservation need in streams in midwestern USA
Authors: Simpson Nicholas T. , Bybel Alexander P. , Weber Michael J. , Pierce Clay L. , Roe Kevin J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Many fish species of greatest conservation need (SGCN) in Iowa and Minnesota, USA, have been in decline for decades. A key reason for the decline is the alteration and degradation of naturally flowing streams owing to land use changes resulting from agricultural practices. Populations of several fishes have been adversely affected by widespread stream channelization that has resulted in more homogeneous stream habitats throughout Iowa and Minnesota.
The goal of this study was to determine the abiotic and fish assemblage characteristics associated with the presence of these rare fishes. Electrofishing and seining were used to sample fish assemblages and 43 abiotic characteristics were measured at 111 sites in the North Raccoon and Boone River basins in central Iowa and the Rock River and Beaver Creek basins in north‐west Iowa and south‐west Minnesota during 2016 and 2017.
Six SGCN, including the federally endangered Topeka shiner (Notropis topeka), were included in statistical modelling to determine habitat and fish assemblage characteristics associated with their presence.
Species‐specific nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordinations indicated that abiotic characteristics and fish assemblages often differed between sites where SGCN were present and absent. Random forest and logistic regression models suggested that the presence of four of six SGCN were positively associated with species richness, whereas all other 10 important abiotic and fish assemblage variables were unique to only one or two of the six SGCN.
Topeka shiners were present at 36% of sites and were positively associated with orangespotted sunfish (Lepomis humilis) catch per unit effort while being negatively associated with canopy cover and fantail darter (Etheostoma flabellare) catch per unit effort.
Male or female gender‐polarized YouTube videos are less viewed
Authors: Thelwall Mike , Foster David 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs one of the world's most visited websites, YouTube is potentially influential for learning gendered attitudes. Nevertheless, despite evidence of gender influences within the site for some topics, the extent to which YouTube reflects or promotes male/female or other gender divides is unknown. This article analyses 10,211 YouTube videos published in 12 months from 2014 to 2015 using commenter‐portrayed genders (inferred from usernames) and view counts from the end of 2019. Nonbinary genders are omitted for methodological reasons. Although there were highly male and female topics or themes (e.g., vehicles or beauty) and male or female gendering is the norm, videos with topics attracting both males and females tended to have more viewers (after approximately 5 years) than videos in male or female gendered topics. Similarly, within each topic, videos with gender balanced sets of commenters tend to attract more viewers. Thus, YouTube does not seem to be driving male–female gender differences.
Mitotic poleward flux: Finding balance between microtubule dynamics and sliding
Authors: Barisic Marin , Rajendraprasad Girish 
Published: June 2021

AbstractContinuous poleward motion of microtubules in metazoan mitotic spindles has been fascinating generations of cell biologists over the last several decades. In human cells, this so‐called poleward flux was recently shown to be driven by the coordinated action of four mitotic kinesins. The sliding activities of kinesin‐5/EG5 and kinesin‐12/KIF15 are sequentially supported by kinesin‐7/CENP‐E at kinetochores and kinesin‐4/KIF4A on chromosome arms, with the individual contributions peaking during prometaphase and metaphase, respectively. Although recent data elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying this cellular phenomenon, the functional roles of microtubule poleward flux during cell division remain largely elusive. Here, we discuss potential contribution of microtubule flux engine to various essential processes at different stages of mitosis.
Understanding aspects that influence Brazilian companies' employees in volunteer initiatives participation: Contributions to sustainable development
Authors: Siltori Patricia F. S. , Anholon Rosley , Rampasso Izabela Simon , Martins Vitor W. B. , Silva Dirceu , Souza Pinto Jefferson , Quelhas Osvaldo L. G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the last decades, several indicators are showing the inadequacy of countries' economic models. Changes in these models are necessary to contemplate the concept of sustainable development. In this sense, the 17 Sustainable Development Goals were published by United Nations to guide companies, countries and people. Volunteer actions are important initiatives for this. This kind of initiative can be described as the act of helping someone, aiming to contribute to a fairer society in which charity and citizenship are present. The main objective of this study is to analyze the main aspects that influence Brazilian companies' employees to participate in volunteer programs and, to identify how these aspects may be grouped into factors. Initially, a bibliographic study was carried out to identify the main aspects that influence the participation of companies' employees in volunteer programs. With this information, a questionnaire was structured and used in a survey. Data analysis was performed via exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and five from seven aspects analyzed were validated. They are grouped into two factors named “personal aspects” and “institutional aspects”. The first factor better explains the aspects mentioned. The results presented here may be useful for managers of volunteer programs and researchers interested in the theme.
Teachers reactions to children's misbehaviours in North Western Ethiopia: A ground theory based analysis
Authors: Eijigu Temesgen Demissie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate factors that enhance or hinder teachers reactions to children's misbehaviours. Twenty one semistructured individual interviews were carried out with teachers. Grounded theory method was employed to analyze the data. The analysis of teachers' voices revealed that all participants of the study perceived children's sneaking out from home or playing truant as morally wrong and labeled it as misbehaviour. The findings also demonstrated that most of the teachers did not want to intervene while fewer teachers intended to intervene in the situation of observing misbehaviours. Concerning the reasons for teacher's reactions to children's misbehavior, six set of themes emerged. These were: nature of the event, teacher–parent/child relationship, parenthood status, perceived consequences of the action, emotional feelings, and responsibility attribution. Intervention programs that enhance sense of responsibility, concern for the welfare of children, interpersonal relationship, and trust among neighbors have to be designed. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Interacting with virtual instructors: The effect of gender and years of study on the perception of in‐game instructors
Authors: Cui Dixuan , Whittinghill David , Fukada Atsushi , Mousas Christos , Adamo Nicoletta 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrevious research has shown that student‐instructor interaction is vital to motivating students to learn a second language. However, it is unclear whether learners' demographics affect in‐game immersion and interactions with virtual instructors. This study's purpose is to investigate whether the number of years learning Japanese (foreign language familiarity) influences students' immersion levels in serious games and their interactions with virtual instructors. We developed a 3D animated Japanese roleplaying game with a virtual in‐game instructor. Eighty‐four college students enrolled in 200‐ and 300‐level Japanese language courses voluntarily participated in the study. Participants played the game and then answered a questionnaire concerning virtual character appearance, attentiveness to the instructor, and immersion in the game. The findings indicated that gender and the number of years studying Japanese significantly impact multiple measurements.
Effects of Glu‐D1 gene introgressions on soft white spring durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) quality
Authors: Kiszonas Alecia M. , Ibba Maria Itria , Boehm Jeffrey D. , Morris Craig F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesUtilization of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) is limited by its weak gluten and poor bread‐making quality. One strategy to improve gluten strength and bread‐making quality is by introducing the Glu‐D1 alleles from bread wheat.FindingsIntroduction of Glu‐D1 alleles Glu‐D1a and Glu‐D1d, corresponding to the High Molecular Weight Glutenin subunits Dx2 + Dy12 and Dx5 + Dy10, respectively, increased dough strength as evidenced by SDS sedimentation volume, Lactic acid Solvent Retention Capacity, and Mixograph dough mixing parameters. The Glu‐D1d Dx5 + Dy10 allele was “stronger” than the Glu‐D1a Dx2 + Dy12 allele. However, whereas Dx2 + Dy12 improved straight‐dough pan bread volume, Dx5 + Dy10 did not. This latter result was ascribed to the overly strong, inextensible gluten contributed by the Glu‐D1d Dx5 + Dy10 allele.ConclusionsWhereas both Glu‐D1 alleles increased dough strength, Dx2 + Dy12 improved bread loaf volume but lines with Dx5 + Dy10 produced doughs that were too strong to realize an increase in loaf volume. The results confirm the notion that large bread loaf volume is achieved with a balance of dough extensibility and elasticity.Significance and noveltyDurum wheat production and consumption will increase as bread quality improves. The Glu‐D1 high molecular weight glutenin proteins will likely play a role in improving bread‐making ability. The two major Glu‐D1 alleles are accessible via durum wheat translocation lines.
Dynamic industrial process monitoring based on concurrent fast and slow‐time‐varying feature analytics
Authors: Zhang Chi , Dong Jie , Peng Kaixiang , You Peihang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDynamic features always demonstrate the coexistences of local fast‐variabilities and the overall slow‐trend. Single model based methods cannot achieve a satisfactory monitoring result in industrial processes with composite dynamicities. A comprehensive dynamic process monitoring method based on concurrent fast and slow‐time‐varying feature analytics is proposed in this paper. A sequential correlation coefficient is defined firstly, and all the process variables are divided into fast and slow‐time‐varying blocks. Afterwards, dynamic inner principal component analysis (DiPCA) and slow feature analysis (SFA) are employed to establish monitoring models in both blocks, respectively. Based on Bayesian inference mechanism, a novel weighted fusion strategy is designed. Finally, the proposed method is verified by the Tennessee Eastman process. With the integration of the monitoring results in both blocks, the performance of the proposed method is superior to the traditional ones.
Towards the steel plate defect detection: Multidimensional feature information extraction and fusion
Authors: Hao Zhiqiang , Wang Zhigang , Bai Dongxu , Zhou Shiyang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractProduct surface quality inspection based on machine vision has been paid more and more attention in modern industrial production. Multidimensional feature information fusion also plays an important role in the detection rate and accuracy of steel plate defects. Based on the machine vision based defect detection of steel plate surface, this article mainly studies the collection, extraction and fusion of multidimensional feature information. The visual imaging system, the surface defect detection technology based on vision, the depth camera and the light source type are briefly reviewed. At the same time, the roadmap and related methods of multidimensional feature information acquisition system are studied. Finally, the multidimensional fusion defect detection technology is prospected and summarized.
Performance prediction from simulation systems to physical systems using machine learning with transfer learning and scaling
Authors: Mankodi Amit , Bhatt Amit , Chaudhury Bhaskar 
Published: June 2021

SummarySelection from several computer systems with different hardware features resulting in different software performance is a critical problem to solve. The problem becomes even more challenging when access to computer systems with different features is difficult. We had proposed a novel solution, “cross performance prediction with scaling,” in our previous work. In the scaling model, we predicted the physical system's runtime using a machine learning model trained only on a performance dataset of simulation‐based systems applying a scaling factor to the predicted runtime. In this article, we propose another novel idea, “cross performance prediction with transfer learning,” that uses transfer learning to solve the same problem. This model predicts the target physical system's performance using a machine learning model trained on a combined performance dataset from simulation‐based systems and an accessible source physical system. We evaluate both the models using several benchmark algorithms from SD‐VBS and MiBench suites. Our scaling model results have achieved a prediction error of 10%–25% for general‐purpose systems, whereas the transfer learning model has higher errors in the range of 50%. We have also developed a method to extract the rules built during the decision tree model's training to predict the runtime.
Crystallization Behavior and Luminescence of Inkjet Printing CH3NH3PbBr3
Authors: Sun Rui , Li Haixia , Guan Yimin , Du Yong , Shen Hui , Xu Jiayue 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLead halide perovskites display remarkable optoelectronic properties, like large absorption coefficients, high photoluminescence quantum efficiencies, and long lifetime and diffusion length of photocarriers. This system is easily fabricated using solution processes and inkjet printing is an effective way to prepare halide perovskite films and complex patterns. In this work, the crystallization behaviors of inkjet printing CH3NH3PbBr3 crystals are systematically investigated with varied I− doping, printing times, and solvents. Using N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent, CH3NH3PbBr3−xIx (x = 0, 0.14, 0.29, 0.45, 0.59) are printed on the glass and the crystalline grains are developed from the (001) oriented tetragonal in side length of 10–50 µm to dendrite with increasing I− concentrations. The crystalline grains are kept tetragonal, while the average crystal size changes from 22 to 89 µm by increasing the number of printing from 10 to 1000 times. DMF and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are used as solvents for printing CH3NH3PbBr3, and more regular grains are obtained from DMF solvent. Several patterns are printed on glass and papers, and fluorescent two‐dimensional (2D) patterns are observed under the 480 nm excitation. The as‐printed patterns show excellent homogeneity and high reproducibility, indicating that the inkjet printing shows broad application prospects in flexible electronics.
Deconstructing corporate sustainability narratives: A taxonomy for critical assessment of integrated reporting types
Authors: Lueg Klarissa , Lueg Rainer 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe purpose of our study is to provide a taxonomy of integrated reporting (<IR>). First, we develop a coding catalog containing criteria and metrics. Second, we assess the degree to which annual/sustainability reports comply with <IR>, and identify types of reports (taxonomy). Methodologically, we employ conceptual arguments to draft the criteria and metrics. The taxonomy relies on a cross‐sectional content analysis of annual/sustainability reports and websites of 128 listed Danish organizations. We present several results. First, we develop the two dimensions of FORM and CONTENT for our taxonomy. Second, we identify three types of reports: traditional (27%), enhanced (57%), and integrated thinking (16%). Specifically, integrated thinking reports exhibit higher connectivity, more compliance with sustainability standards/guidelines, and more frequent external assurance. Surprisingly, enhanced content reports are often published as “one report” and framed as shareholder‐oriented. Conversely, integrated thinking reports tend to comprise several highly connected reports, and emphasize stakeholder perspectives.
R869C mutation in molecular motor KIF17 gene is involved in dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Goldstein Orly , Gana‐Weisz Mali , Shiner Tamara , Attar Reut , Mordechai Yael , Waldman Yedael Y. , Bar‐Shira Anat , Thaler Avner , Gurevich Tanya , Mirelman Anat , Giladi Nir , Orr‐Urtreger Avi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroduction: TheGBA‐N370S mutation is one of the most frequent risk factors for dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease (PD). We looked for genetic variations that contribute to the outcome in N370S‐carriers, whether PD or DLB.MethodsWhole‐genome sequencing of 95 Ashkenazi‐N370S‐carriers affected with either DLB (n = 19) or PD (n = 76) was performed, and 564 genes related to dementia and PD analyzed.ResultsWe identified enrichment of linked alleles in PINK1 locus in DLB patients (false discovery rate P = .0412). Haplotype analysis delineated 1.8 Mb interval encompassing 29 genes and 87 unique variants, of them, KIF17‐R869C received the highest functional prediction score (Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion = 34). Its frequency was significantly higher in 26 DLB‐N370S‐carriers compared to 140 PD‐N370S‐carriers (odds ratio [OR] = 33.4 P = .001, and OR = 70.2 when only heterozygotes were included).DiscussionBecause KIF17 was shown to be important for learning and memory in mice, our data further suggest, for the first time, its involvement in DLB, and possibly in human dementia.