bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Observation on the Nursing Effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Combined with Solution-Focused Brief Therapy in Uremic Peritoneal Dialysis Patients and Influence on Nutritional Status
Authors: Wang Yiqian , Lin Huazhi , Wang Lihua , Cao Jun , Zheng Dan , Zhu Jing 
Published: September 2021

Objective. To explore the nursing effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) combined with solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) in uremic peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and its influence on nutritional status. Methods. A prospective study was conducted on 108 uremia patients undergoing PD who were admitted to the First People’s Hospital of Wenling from March 2018 to December 2020. In accordance with the wishes of the patients, according to random number method, the patients were divided into control group (n = 54) and experimental group (n = 54). Patients in the control group were given routine care. Patients in the experimental group were given MBSR combined with SFBT. The clinical data, biochemical indicators, complication, compliance, nutritional status, and quality of life of the two groups were compared. Results. After intervention, the serum hemoglobin, serum albumin levels, and urea clearance index of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group

P
<
0.05

. Compared with the control group, the experimental group had a lower incidence of complications

P
<
0.05

. After intervention, the compliance score of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group

P
<
0.05

. After intervention, the malnutrition inflammation score of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group

P
<
0.05

. After intervention, the Kidney Disease and Quality of Life-36 scores of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group

P
<
0.05

. Conclusion. MBSR combined with SFBT has a good nursing effect in uremia patients undergoing PD and can increase the patient’s treatment compliance, improve the quality of life, and improve the nutritional status.
Bilateral Salpingo-oophorectomy and Breast Cancer Risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers: Assessing the Evidence
Authors: Conduit Ciara , Milne Roger L. , Friedlander Michael L. , Phillips Kelly-Anne 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Without preventive interventions, women with germline pathogenic variants in BRCA1 or BRCA2 have high lifetime risks for breast cancer and tubo-ovarian cancer. The increased risk for breast cancer starts at a considerably younger age than that for tubo-ovarian cancer. Risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (rrBSO) is effective in reducing tubo-ovarian cancer risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, but whether it reduces breast cancer risk is less clear. All studies of rrBSO and breast cancer risk are observational in nature and subject to various forms of bias and confounding, thus limiting conclusions that can be drawn about causation. Early studies supported a statistically significant protective association for rrBSO on breast cancer risk, which is reflected by several international guidelines that recommend consideration of premenopausal rrBSO for breast cancer risk reduction. However, these historical studies were hampered by the presence of several important biases, including immortal person-time bias, confounding by indication, informative censoring, and confounding by other risk factors, which may have led to overestimation of any protective benefit. Contemporary studies, specifically designed to reduce some of these biases, have yielded contradictory results. Taken together, there is no clear and consistent evidence for a role of premenopausal rrBSO in reducing breast cancer risk in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers.
Wildlife hunting practices of the Santal and Oraon communities in Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Authors: Barkat Azizul Islam , Liza Fahmida Tasnim , Akter Sumaiya , Shome Ashikur Rahman , Rabbe Md. Fazle 
Published: September 2021

Humans have been depending on wild animals from ancient times for food, medicine, economy, tools, and others. Santal and Oraon are two of the indigenous communities present in the Rajshahi district of Bangladesh. They practice wildlife hunting as part of their traditions. We investigated the wildlife hunting practice of these indigenous communities using a closed-ended questionnaire survey. We interviewed 100 households of both communities from four villages. The study indicated that 76% of respondents hunted (88% Santal and 67% Oraon); and they usually hunt mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians, of which the bird is the most preferred (73%) and snake the least (1%). The response of hunting among the two communities significantly differed for tortoise, bird, rabbit, mongoose, jackal, and the Jungle Cat. Eighteen sets of animal taxa were significantly correlated indicating that households exercised preferences in terms of prey. The result also showed that only 14% of Santal and 7% of Oraon were familiar with the Bangladesh Wildlife (Conservation and Security) Act, 2012. Although the impact of wildlife hunting of these indigenous groups is still ambiguous, the present study provides a preliminary database of hunting practices of these communities for future conservation management.
Moving Toward Individual-Specific Automotive Seat Design: How Individual Characteristics and Time Alter the Selected Lumbar Support Prominence
Authors: Buchman-Pearle Jessa M. , Fewster Kayla M. , Pinto Brendan L. , Callaghan Jack P. 
Published: September 2021

Objective To explore how individual characteristics influence selected lumbar support prominence (LSP), seated lumbar flexion, seatback average pressure, contact area, and center of pressure (CoP) location before and after 1 hr of driving. Background An LSP can alter posture and may reduce low back pain during prolonged driving. Although LSP preference varies across individuals and may change over time, few investigations have explored the time-varying response to individually selected adjustable seat parameters. Method Forty individuals selected LSP settings in an automotive seat through a series of systematic adjustment trials. The average LSP setting was fixed for a 1-hr driving simulation, followed by one final adjustment trial. Regressions were performed between individual characteristics and selected LSP, lumbar posture, and measures of seatback pressure from the initial adjustment trials. ANOVAs were performed to determine the effect of time and sex on these dependent variables. Discomfort was also monitored throughout the protocol. Results Individual’s standing lumbar lordosis, selected LSP, and height and mass were significant predictors for seated lumbar flexion, seatback average pressure, and contact area, respectively. Discomfort levels remained low; however, following the driving protocol, individuals altered their posture to decrease lumbar flexion and increase seatback average pressure without significant adjustments to the LSP. Conclusion These findings highlight individual characteristics to consider in automotive seat design and that the method for determining LSP settings may facilitate appropriate LSP selection. Application A systematic method to determine LSP settings may reduce discomfort and automate seat adjustments, such that only short-term postural adjustments may be required.
Primary Purpose for Committing a Crime and Past-30 Day Opioid Misuse: A Statewide Sample of Justice-Involved Children
Authors: Shaw Dylan J. , Johnson Micah E. 
Published: September 2021

The prevalence of opioid misuse (OM) among justice-involved children (JIC) is significantly higher than children in the general population, yet little research has examined the predictors of OM among JIC. Goldstein’s “economic compulsive model” hypothesizes that JIC who commit crimes for material gain will have a higher likelihood of meeting past-30 day (P30D) OM criteria. The data in this study were cross-sectional and represented 79,960 Florida JIC. To test the hypothesis, logistic regression analyses were utilized. Over 2000 JIC (2.67%) met P30D OM criteria and JIC who committed crimes for material gain were 2.55 times as likely to meet P30D OM criteria. Findings indicate that children may be incarcerated due to an inability to afford their addiction, contributing to the criminalization of mental health. JIC could benefit from the increased utilization of drug courts and the implementation of a cascade of care model.
Designing a trial of early electrical stimulation to the stroke-affected arm: Qualitative findings on the barriers and facilitators
Authors: Walker Dawn-Marie , Fletcher-Smith Joanna , Sprigg Nikola , Pandyan Anand 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: This study aimed to explore the barriers and facilitators to implementing early therapeutic electrical stimulation (ES) treatment from both the patient and therapist perspectives as part of a feasibility study.MethodsDesign: Interviews were conducted with patients and their carers and focus groups with the therapists post-intervention period. Setting: Interviews were in the patient’s homes and for the focus groups in a specialist stroke unit in Nottinghamshire. Subjects: Fifteen patient participants (34% of sample) were interviewed (intervention n = 9; control group n = 3; carers n = 3). Sixteen therapists (9 occupational therapists; 7 physiotherapists) took part in the three focus groups. Intervention: Participants were randomized to receive usual care or usual care and ES to wrist flexors and extensors for 30 min, twice a day, 5 days a week for 3 months. Findings: The barriers to ES treatment cited by the therapists outweighed the barriers mentioned by patients. Therapists’ barriers included lack of confidence and staff knowledge regarding ES and time pressures of delivering the ES. No patients mentioned time as a barrier and considered the treatment regime to be acceptable; however, lack of staff support was mentioned 14 times by them. Conclusion: Although initially the perceived barrier for therapists was time restrictions, after analysing the data, it appears that confidence/knowledge is the real barrier, and time is the manifestation of this underlying self-doubt. Patients were able to confidently self-manage treatment, and although efficacy was not measured, patients volunteered information regarding its perceived benefit, and no adverse effects were reported.
The relationship between upper limb function and activities of daily living without the effects of lower limb function: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Yamamoto Haruka , Takeda Kazuya , Koyama Soichiro , Morishima Keisuke , Hirakawa Yuichi , Motoya Ikuo , Sakurai Hiroaki , Kanada Yoshikiyo , Kawamura Nobutoshi , Kawamura Mami , Tanabe Shigeo 
Published: September 2021

Introduction Upper limb motor function and activities of daily living (ADL) are related in chronic stroke patients. This study investigated this relationship after removal of the influence of motor function of the affected lower limb, which until now has remained unclear. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study included 53 patients with chronic stroke. Upper and lower limb motor function and ADL were assessed using the Fugl-Meyer assessment of the upper (FMA-UL) and lower limbs (FMA-LL) and functional independence measure motor score (FIM-M). To clarify the relationship between FMA-UL and total FIM-M before and after removal of the influence of FMA-LL, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and partial correlation analysis were used. The relationship between FMA-UL and each item of FIM-M after removal of the influence of FMA-LL was assessed using partial correlation analysis. Results Before the influence of FMA-LL was removed, FMA-UL was moderately to well correlated with total FIM-M. This became weak after the influence was removed. Regarding each item of FIM-M, FMA-UL was correlated with dressing (upper body), toileting, and walking or wheelchair after removal of the influence. Conclusion The relationship between upper limb motor function and ADL is strongly influenced by lower limb motor function.
Dining On Call: Outcomes of a hospital patient dining model
Authors: Abou El Hassan Dahlia , Lewis Rebecca , Howe Nicole , Vlietstra Emily 
Published: September 2021

Dining On Call (DOC) is a hospital foodservice model allowing patients to order meals any time throughout the day and is delivered within 45 minutes of the order. It is positively correlated with patient satisfaction, improvements in malnutrition, and reducing costs. Pre- and post-DOC data were collected from BC Children’s Hospital, BC Women’s Hospital, and North York General Hospital (NYGH) using patient satisfaction surveys and tray waste audits to measure outcomes. Patient satisfaction scores increased at all hospitals. BC Children’s and Women’s hospitals demonstrated reductions in tray waste, food cost/meal/day, and labour cost/meal/day post-DOC. North York General Hospital observed decreases in tray waste; however, food cost/meal/day and labour cost/meal/day increased post-DOC. This research provides convincing evidence into the achievable benefits associated with DOC on mother and paediatric units in hospital settings. DOC may prove to be an effective dining model for hospitals seeking to improve patient outcomes and reduce overall costs.
24-h Glycaemic profiles in peritoneal dialysis patients and non-dialysis controls with advanced kidney disease
Authors: Williams Jennifer , Gilchrist Mark , Strain William David , Fraser Donald , Shore Angela 
Published: September 2021

Background: For patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD), the deleterious effects of high concentrations of dialysate glucose on the peritoneal membrane are well-documented. Systemic effects of peritoneally absorbed glucose are more poorly defined. Using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), we aimed to describe 24-h glycaemic profiles of PD patients without diabetes and compare with non-dialysis controls with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD-5). Methods: In this cross-sectional, case-control study, 15 patients on PD (9 automated PD (APD) and 6 continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD)) and 16 CKD-5 controls underwent 72 h of CGM and metabolic profiling. CGM was used to derive average glucose concentrations and within-participant standard deviation (SD) of glucose. Data were analysed for the whole 72-h monitoring period and as daytime (09.00 to 21.00) and night-time (21.00 to 09.00). Results: Average glucose concentrations and within-participant SD of glucose for the whole monitoring period were not different between the three groups ( p ≥ 0.5). Daytime average glucose concentrations were also similar across the three groups ( p = 0.729). APD was associated with a significantly higher nocturnal glucose than CAPD (5.25 mmol/L ± 0.65 vs. 4.28 ± 0.5, p = 0.026). A significant drop in nocturnal glucose compared with daytime average seen in both CAPD patients and controls was absent in APD patients. Conclusions: Systematically different glycaemic patterns were observed in non-diabetic APD and CAPD patients, including an absence of physiological nocturnal glucose dipping in patients on APD. Comprehensive CGM data sets highlight subtleties not appreciated by traditional metabolic biomarkers; this has implications when choosing the most appropriate outcome measures in future research addressing the metabolic impact of PD.
High prevalence of rectal chlamydia among pregnant adolescents in La Romana, Dominican Republic warrants extragenital STI testing
Authors: Bancalari Pilar , Nicholas Catherine , Halpern Mina , Stonbraker Samantha , Taylor Barbara , Soriano Leidy , Ljubicic Dana , Amesty Silvia 
Published: September 2021

To our knowledge, there are no studies estimating the prevalence of extragenital sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among pregnant adolescents in the Caribbean. This study sought to fill this gap by assessing the prevalence and correlates of oral, genital, and rectal chlamydia (CT) among a sample of pregnant adolescents in La Romana, Dominican Republic. Two hundred pregnant youths, aged 15–24 years, were recruited by systematic sampling during their first prenatal visit to a maternal care unit. A sociodemographic and behavioral questionnaire was administered and urine and oral/anal swabs were collected and tested for CT. Descriptive analyses and Fisher’s exact tests were performed. The prevalence of oral, genital, and rectal CT was 6%, 15%, and 23%, respectively, although less than 5% of participants reported ever engaging in receptive anal intercourse. This discrepancy could be explained by autoinoculation, concurrent transmission during sex, undertreatment of rectal CT, or underreporting of anal sex. Almost half of CT infections would have been missed if only genital samples were collected, as current protocol dictates. More research is needed to understand sexual behaviors and rectal STI risk factors among heterosexual adolescent women. STI screening procedures for pregnant and sexually active adolescents should include routine testing of extragenital sites.
An assessment of factors associated with neurocognitive decline in people living with HIV
Authors: Naveed Zaeema , Fox Howard S , Wichman Christopher S , May Pamela , Arcari Christine M , Meza Jane , Baccaglini Lorena 
Published: September 2021

Despite the widespread use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment (NCI) remains a health concern. However, limited research has been done to identify factors associated with neurocognitive decline. We assessed risk factors associated with neurocognitive decline in people living with HIV using a definition of decline that is statistically easy to adopt, is based on a commonly used neuropsychological cut-off and may be clinically relevant. Cox proportional hazards modeling was performed using the CNS HIV Antiretroviral Therapy Effects Research (CHARTER) study database. 581 participants were followed for up to 12 years. Neurocognitive decline was defined as the first observed drop in global T-scores of at least 2.67. Lifetime methamphetamine use had the strongest association with neurocognitive decline (adjusted Hazard Ratio; aHR = 1.48; 95% CI = 0.92–2.39) followed by no current antiretroviral medication use (aHR = 1.32; 95% CI = 0.91–1.92). Other risk factors included Hispanic ethnicity, lifetime history of major depressive disorder, lifetime cannabis use, hepatitis-C infection, and difficulty eating, dressing, bathing, or using the toilet. Results indicate that consistent use of ART may be of high significance to preserving neurocognition. Furthermore, Hispanic patients, those with a history of depression and substance use, and those having difficulty in essential activities of daily living may require vigilant follow-up.
A changing demographic – Ten years of HIV care
Authors: Nurdin Nadra , Quirke Siobhan , Kerr Colm , Allen Niamh , O’Halloran Jane , Moynan David , O’Doherty Laura , Grant Conor , Townsend Liam , Bergin Colm 
Published: September 2021

We aimed to benchmark the quality of care and describe characteristics of patients newly attending the HIV clinic at differing time points over the past 10 years, against the Infectious Disease Society of America HIV/AIDS performance measures. We performed a retrospective analysis of records for patients newly attending the HIV clinic in 2011, 2016 and 2018. There was an increase in male attendees in 2018 and 2016 compared to 2011 (88%, 88% vs. 59% p < .001), viral suppression rates were 97%, 83% and 99% ( p < .001), respectively. We observed an increase in patients of South American origin over time. Acquisition risk changed, with increased proportion of MSM (24% in 2011 vs 78% in 2018, p < .001), lower rates of heterosexual (20% in 2018 vs 48% in 2011, p < .001) and IDU transmission (1.5% in 2018 vs 24% in 2011, p < .001). There were lower rates of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae testing in 2018 (72%, p < .001), compared to 2016 (84%) and 2011 (83%). Hepatitis B virus vaccination and pneumococcal vaccine rates are declining ( p < .001). We demonstrate the changes in both ethnicity and risk of acquisition over time, high rates of antiretroviral therapy prescription and viral suppression, and highlight the importance of health prevention with sexual health screening and vaccination in this population.
Electrocardiographic, hemodynamic, and biochemical evidence on the protective effects of exenatide against phosphine-induced cardiotoxicity in rat model
Authors: Bameri Behnaz , Armandeh Maryam , Baeeri Maryam , Haghi-Aminjan Hamed , Rahimifard Mahban , Hassani Shokoufeh , Hooshangi Shayesteh Mohammad Reza , Samadi Mahedeh , Gholami Mahdi , Nayebpour Mohsen , Ostad Seyed Nasser , Abdollahi Mohammad 
Published: September 2021

Aluminum phosphide (AlP) poisoning can be deadly in most cases targeting the heart. To overcome AlP toxicity, exenatide has been studied in the present study due to its pleiotropic effects on cardiac damages. In this study, the rats were exposed to LD50 of AlP (10 mg/kg) by gavage, and exenatide at doses (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/kg) injected intraperitoneally 30 min after poisoning. The cardiac parameters including heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), QRS, corrected QT (QTc), and ST were monitored for 180 min. Blood glucose level was measured in the study groups 30 min after exenatide injection. Evaluation of biochemical parameters including mitochondrial complexes I, II, and IV activities, adenosine diphosphate (ADP)/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ratio, malondialdehyde (MDA), apoptosis, lactate, troponin I, and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was done on heart tissues after 12 and 24 h. Additionally, the tissues were analyzed for any pathological damages including necrosis, hemorrhage, or hyperemia 24 h post-treatment. Our results showed that AlP-induced HR, BP, and electrocardiographic changes were improved by exenatide at all doses. The blood glucose levels of poisoned animals reached control levels after exenatide treatment. Besides, treatment with exenatide at all doses improved complexes I and IV activity, ADP/ATP ratio, and apoptosis. Malondialdehyde, lactate, troponin I, and BNP levels were also diminished after exenatide co-treatment in poisoned animals. On the other hand, administration of exenatide doses improved the histopathology of AlP-induced tissues. Based on our findings, exenatide has a protective effect against phosphine-induced cardiotoxicity in an almost dose-dependent way. However, further investigations are needed on the potential clinical use of exenatide in this poisoning.