bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic program activity delineates risk, relapse, and therapy responsiveness in multiple myeloma
Authors: Wall Matthew A. , Turkarslan Serdar , Wu Wei-Ju , Danziger Samuel A. , Reiss David J. , Mason Mike J. , Dervan Andrew P. , Trotter Matthew W. B. , Bassett Douglas , Hershberg Robert M. , Lomana Adrián López García de , Ratushny Alexander V. , Baliga Nitin S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDespite recent advancements in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), nearly all patients ultimately relapse and many become refractory to multiple lines of therapies. Therefore, we not only need the ability to predict which patients are at high risk for disease progression but also a means to understand the mechanisms underlying their risk. Here, we report a transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) for MM inferred from cross-sectional multi-omics data from 881 patients that predicts how 124 chromosomal abnormalities and somatic mutations causally perturb 392 transcription regulators of 8549 genes to manifest in distinct clinical phenotypes and outcomes. We identified 141 genetic programs whose activity profiles stratify patients into 25 distinct transcriptional states and proved to be more predictive of outcomes than did mutations. The coherence of these programs and accuracy of our network-based risk prediction was validated in two independent datasets. We observed subtype-specific vulnerabilities to interventions with existing drugs and revealed plausible mechanisms for relapse, including the establishment of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Investigation of the t(4;14) clinical subtype using the TRN revealed that 16% of these patients exhibit an extreme-risk combination of genetic programs (median progression-free survival of 5 months) that create a distinct phenotype with targetable genes and pathways.
Long-term field-realistic exposure to a next-generation pesticide, flupyradifurone, impairs honey bee behaviour and survival
Authors: Tosi Simone , Nieh James C. , Brandt Annely , Colli Monica , Fourrier Julie , Giffard Herve , Hernández-López Javier , Malagnini Valeria , Williams Geoffrey R. , Simon-Delso Noa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe assessment of pesticide risks to insect pollinators have typically focused on short-term, lethal impacts. The environmental ramifications of many of the world’s most commonly employed pesticides, such as those exhibiting systemic properties that can result in long-lasting exposure to insects, may thus be severely underestimated. Here, seven laboratories from Europe and North America performed a standardised experiment (a ring-test) to study the long-term lethal and sublethal impacts of the relatively recently approved ‘bee safe’ butenolide pesticide flupyradifurone (FPF, active ingredient in Sivanto®) on honey bees. The emerging contaminant, FPF, impaired bee survival and behaviour at field-realistic doses (down to 11 ng/bee/day, corresponding to 400 µg/kg) that were up to 101-fold lower than those reported by risk assessments (1110 ng/bee/day), despite an absence of time-reinforced toxicity. Our findings raise concerns about the chronic impact of pesticides on pollinators at a global scale and support a novel methodology for a refined risk assessment.
Invasive Burmese pythons alter host use and virus infection in the vector of a zoonotic virus
Authors: Burkett-Cadena Nathan D. , Blosser Erik M. , Loggins Anne A. , Valente Monica C. , Long Maureen T. , Campbell Lindsay P. , Reeves Lawrence E. , Bargielowski Irka , McCleery Robert A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe composition of wildlife communities can have strong effects on transmission of zoonotic vector-borne pathogens, with more diverse communities often supporting lower infection prevalence in vectors (dilution effect). The introduced Burmese python, Python bivittatus, is eliminating large and medium-sized mammals throughout southern Florida, USA, impacting local communities and the ecology of zoonotic pathogens. We investigated invasive predator-mediated impacts on ecology of Everglades virus (EVEV), a zoonotic pathogen endemic to Florida that circulates in mosquito-rodent cycle. Using binomial generalized linear mixed effects models of field data at areas of high and low python densities, we show that increasing diversity of dilution host (non-rodent mammals) is associated with decreasing blood meals on amplifying hosts (cotton rats), and that increasing cotton rat host use is associated with increasing EVEV infection in vector mosquitoes. The Burmese python has caused a dramatic decrease in mammal diversity in southern Florida, which has shifted vector host use towards EVEV amplifying hosts (rodents), resulting in an indirect increase in EVEV infection prevalence in vector mosquitoes, putatively elevating human transmission risk. Our results indicate that an invasive predator can impact wildlife communities in ways that indirectly affect human health, highlighting the need for conserving biological diversity and natural communities.
Electrochemical growth mechanism of nanoporous platinum layers
Authors: Stanca Sarmiza-Elena , Vogt Oliver , Zieger Gabriel , Ihring Andreas , Dellith Jan , Undisz Andreas , Rettenmayr Markus , Schmidt Heidemarie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPorous platinum is a frequently used catalyst material in electrosynthesis and a robust broadband absorber in thermoelectrics. Pore size distribution and localization determine its properties by a large extent. However, the pore formation mechanism during the growth of the material remains unclear. In this work we elucidate the mechanism underlying electrochemical growth of nanoporous platinum layers and its control by ionic concentration and current density during electrolysis. The electrode kinetics and reduction steps of PtCl4on platinum electrodes are investigated by cyclic voltammetry and impedance measurements. Cyclic voltammograms show three reduction steps: two steps relate to the platinum cation reduction, and one step relates to the hydrogen reduction. Hydrogen is not involved in the reduction of PtCl4, however it enables the formation of nanopores in the layers. These findings contribute to the understanding of electrochemical growth of nanoporous platinum layers in isopropanol with thickness of 100 nm to 500 nm.
Finding feasible action towards urban transformations
Authors: Patterson James , Soininen Niko , Collier Marcus , Raymond Christopher M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhile innovative approaches to urban transformations are increasingly proposed, scholars often overlook challenges faced by endogenous actors (e.g. urban planners) tasked with taking action within non-ideal, real-world settings. Here we argue that an ‘inside’ view of transformations (focused on judgment in practice) is needed to complement existing ‘outside’ views (focused on assessment), where the feasibility of action becomes a central concern. This recasts urban transformations in a discretised perspective. It suggests a view of transformation pathways as both directed and stochastic, and emergent from an unfolding series of ‘fuzzy action moments’. Principles for bridging urban science and planning are derived.
In vitro protein and starch digestion kinetics of individual chickpea cells: from static to more complex in vitro digestion approaches
Authors: Pälchen Katharina , Michels Daphne , Duijsens Dorine , Gwala Shannon , Pallares Pallares Andrea , Hendrickx Marc , Van Loey Ann , Grauwet Tara 
Published: June 2021

Moving from static to more complex in vitro digestion approaches using a hypothesis-based approach to introduce dynamic factors to in vitro models might be indispensable to obtain more physiologically relevant data.
Bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoids fromCurcuma longaL. exert anti-influenza and anti-inflammatory activities through NF-κB/MAPK and RIG-1/STAT1/2 signaling pathways
Authors: Ti Huihui , Mai Zhitong , Wang Zhoulang , Zhang Wenjie , Xiao Mengjie , Yang Zifeng , Shaw Pangchui 
Published: June 2021

Anti-influenza and anti-inflammatory activities of bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoids from Curcuma longa L.: possible mechanisms.
Therapie des metastasierten Pankreaskarzinoms in einem integrativen Konzept
Authors: Holzhauer Peter 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungEine bei Diagnose eines metastasierten Pankreaskopfkarzinoms 70-jährige Patientin befindet sich nach 3-jähriger palliativ ausgerichteter Therapie in einem kontrollierten Erkrankungs- und gutem Allgemeinzustand. Neben Chemotherapie und lokaler Strahlentherapie kommen komplementäre Strategien zum Einsatz. Im Fokus stehen dabei die antiinflammatorische Behandlung mit maritimen ω-3-Fettsäuren, Natriumselenit und Curcumin sowie L-Carnitin zur Kompensation der Sarkopenie.
Non-viral Suicide Gene Therapy: Cytosine Deaminase Gene Directed by
VEGF Promoter and 5-fluorocytosine as a Gene Directed Enzyme/prodrug
System in Breast Cancer Model
Authors: Emamian Manouchehr , Abbaspour Akbar , Shahani Tina , Biglari Alireza , Sharafi Ali 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe present study investigated the potential of vascular endothelial growth
factor (VEGF) promoter to derive cytosine deaminase (CD) transfected by
polyamidoamine (G4-PAMAM) dendrimers to 4T1 murine breast cancer cell line as
gene-directed enzyme/prodrug therapy. The VEGF promoter and cytosine
deaminase gene were cloned into the pEGFP-N1vector from the genomic DNA of 4T1
and E. coli, respectively. The frequency of transfection for
VEGF-CD-pEGFP-N1 and pEGFP-N1- CD treated groups was 35±3 and
36±4, respectively. MTT assay was perform to evaluate the cytotoxic
effects of converted 5-flurocytosine on 4T1 cells. Also, the optimal
concentration of 5-FC in 4T1 cells transfected by VEGF-CD-pEGFP-N1 plasmid was
evaluated. The GFP expression of transfected 4T1 cells by VEGF-CD-pEGFP-N1were
observed by fluorescent microscopy and flowcytometry. Results demonstrated that
the suicide CD gene was successfully expressed in 4T1 cells determined by RT-PCR
and GFP expression. A concentration of 200 μg/ml 5-FC was
identified as optimal dose of prodrug. Furthermore, the CD/5-FC
enzyme/prodrug system not only demonstrated toxicity on transformed 4T1
cells but also exerted a ‘bystander effect’ determined by MTT
assay. The results showed that by 35% transfection with
VEGF-CD–pEGFP-N1and CD-pEGFP-N1 plasmids, 80% and 90%
inhibition of the cells growth occurred, respectively.
A de novo Synthesis of Oxindoles from Cyclohexanone-Derived γ-Keto-Ester Acceptors Using a Desaturative Amination–Cyclization Approach
Authors: Caldora Henry P. , Govaerts Sebastian , Leonori Daniele , Dighe Shashikant U. , Turner Oliver J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHere we report a desaturative approach for oxindole synthesis. This method uses simple ethyl 2-(2-oxocyclohexyl)acetates and primary amine building blocks as coupling partners. A dual photoredox–cobalt manifold is used to generate a secondary aniline that, upon heating, cyclizes with the pendent ester functionality. The process operates under mild conditions and was applied to the modification of several amino acids, the blockbuster drug mexiletine, as well as the formation of dihydroquinolinones.
Do Body Mass Index Levels Correlate with Tinnitus Among Teachers?
Authors: Marchiori Luciana Lozza de Moraes , Marchiori Glória de Moraes , Carlos Priscila , Benites Samuel Lopes , Mendes Marina Stephany Bobroff , Ciquinato Daiane Soares de Almeida 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction Working conditions can contribute to the development of lifestyle-related diseases among teachers, including obesity and tinnitus. Describing tinnitus in relation to characteristics and comorbidities can help the treatment and prognosis of teachers affected by this symptom.
Objective To verify a possible association between tinnitus complaint and body mass index (BMI) in teachers.
Methods Cross-sectional study with a sample of teachers who responded to the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and to the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI). The BMI (kg/m2) was calculated based on self-reported body weight (in kilograms) divided by height (in meters squared). Nonparametric statistics were applied adopting a significance level < 0.05
Results A total of 83 teachers were assessed, with a mean age 48 ± 9.7 years old; 63.9% (n= 53) were females; 44.6% were eutrophic (n = 37), and 16.9% (n = 14) were obese. Of the total, 19.3% (n = 16) reported tinnitus. No differences were found between the groups and BMI (p > 0.05), although there was a significant difference between the Tinnitus and No Tinnitus groups for age (p < 0.001). The chi-squared test showed an association between age group and tinnitus (p < 0.028); those with tinnitus were in the 49 to 65 years old age group. In addition, there was a moderate correlation between tinnitus parameters (VAS; THI-Functional; THI-Total) and BMI.
Conclusion There was a moderate correlation between tinnitus parameters and BMI indicating that, as the BMI increased, so did the impact of tinnitus in the lives of the teachers. Body mass index should be considered a factor in tinnitus assessment and rehabilitation process.
Newer Stents for Unresectable Malignant Distal Biliary Obstruction: Striving for Perfection!
Authors: Shah Jimil , Rana Surinder Singh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEndoscopic biliary stenting is one of the most commonly used palliative procedure in patients with unresectable malignant distal biliary obstruction. Biliary stenting can be performed with either plastic or metallic stents. Stent occlusion and migration are important limitations of currently available stents. Variety of newer stents with varying designs and stent materials like stents with antimigratory properties, antireflux stents, drug-eluting stents, radioactive stents, and bioabsorbable stents are being developed to overcome the limitations of currently available stents. In this article, we are discussing two articles on the newer stent designs (plastic and metal stents) for biliary drainage in patients with unresectable malignant distal biliary obstruction.
The Diagnostic Value of Blood and Urine IP-10 Test in Children Having Active Tuberculosis or Latent Tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Can Salim , Sahin Ayse , Dalgic Nazan , Aygün Deniz 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) values in serum and urine in pediatric patients in the diagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB) or latent TB infection (LTBI). It also aimed to investigate whether it can be used as a biomarker to distinguish between active TB and LTBI.
Methods Our study comprised active TB (25 patients), LTBI (25 patients), and the “infected” group (50 patients) formed by combining the two groups. As the control group, 37 healthy children were included in the study. TB skin test, plasma IP-10, and urine IP-10 measurements were performed in all patients included in the study. An additional QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) test was performed on patients evaluated as active TB or LTBI.
Results Plasma IP-10 levels of the patients in the active TB, LTBI, and the “infected” groups were significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.022, p = 0.028, and p = 0.007, respectively). Urine IP-10 was successful in distinguishing the active TB and “infected” groups from the control group (p = 0.007 and p = 0.047, respectively). Also, in the combined use of the tests, when QFT-GIT and urine IP-10 were positive together, active TB and LTBI could be distinguished (p = 0.044). Urine IP-10 levels were found to be significantly higher in those with pulmonary TB than those with extrapulmonary TB (p = 0.012).
Conclusion Our findings suggest that IP-10 can be used as a useful biomarker in the diagnosis of active TB in children.
Sigma Metrics: A Valuable Tool for Evaluating the Performance of Internal Quality Control in Laboratory
Authors: Kashyap Akriti , Sampath Sangeetha , Tripathi Preeti , Sen Arijit 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Six Sigma is a widely accepted quality management system that provides an objective assessment of analytical methods and instrumentation. Six Sigma scale typically runs from 0 to 6, with sigma value above 6 being considered adequate and 3 sigma being considered the minimal acceptable performance for a process.
Methodology Sigma metrics of 10 biochemistry parameters, namely glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), albumin, direct bilirubin, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, urea nitrogen, creatinine and uric acid, and hematology parameters such as hemoglobin (Hb), total leucocyte count (TLC), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and platelet were calculated by analyzing internal quality control (IQC) data of 3 months (June–August 2019).
Results Sigma value was found to be > 6 for triglyceride, HDL, Hb, TLC, and MCH, signifying excellent results and no further modification with respect to IQC. Sigma value was between 3 and 6 for glucose, albumin, creatinine, uric acid, PCV, and MCHC, implying the requirement of improvement in quality control (QC) processes. Sigma value of < 3 was seen in AST, ALT, direct bilirubin, urea nitrogen, platelet, and MCV, signifying suboptimal performance.
Discussion Six Sigma provides a more quantitative framework for evaluating process performance with evidence for process improvement and describes how many sigmas fit within the tolerance limits.Thus, for parameters with sigma value < 3, duplicate testing of the sample along with three QCs three times a day may be used along with stringent Westgard rules for rejecting a run.
Conclusion Sigma metrics help assess analytical methodologies and augment laboratory performance.
Unraveling the association between socioeconomic diversity and consumer price index in a tourism country
Authors: Leng Yan , Babwany Nakash Ali , Pentland Alex 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDiversity has tremendous value in modern society. Economic theories suggest that cultural and ethnic diversity may contribute to economic development and prosperity. To date, however, the correspondence between diversity measures and the economic indicators, such as the Consumer Price Index, has not been quantified. This is primarily due to the difficulty in obtaining data on the micro behaviors and macroeconomic indicators. In this paper, we explore the relationship between diversity measures extracted from large-scale and high-resolution mobile phone data, and the CPIs in different sectors in a tourism country. Interestingly, we show that diversity measures associate strongly with the general and sectoral CPIs, using phone records in Andorra. Based on these strong predictive relationships, we construct daily, and spatial maps to monitor CPI measures at a high resolution to complement existing CPI measures from the statistical office. The case study on Andorra used in this study contributes to two growing literature: linking diversity with economic outcomes, and macro-economic monitoring with large-scale data. Future study is required to examine the relationship between the two measures in other countries.
Conventional NK cells and tissue-resident ILC1s join forces to control liver metastasis
Authors: Ducimetière Laura , Lucchiari Giulia , Litscher Gioana , Nater Marc , Heeb Laura , Nuñez Nicolás Gonzalo , Wyss Laura , Burri Dominik , Vermeer Marijne , Gschwend Julia , Moor Andreas E. , Becher Burkhard , van den Broek Maries , Tugues Sonia 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Innate lymphoid cells hold great promise for the treatment of metastases. Development of effective therapies based on these versatile immune cells, however, is hampered by our limited knowledge of their behavior in the metastatic niche. Here, we describe that defense against liver metastasis requires collaboration between two innate lymphocyte subsets, conventional NK cells (cNKs) and tissue-resident type I innate lymphoid cells (trILC1s). We show that different cancers generate their own particular metastatic niche–inducing specific changes in cNKs and trILC1s. Furthermore, we uncover specific cNK subsets that can be manipulated to improve their antimetastatic potential. Our work contributes to understanding how cancer-specific factors and hepatic innate lymphocytes exert mutual influence and how this can be exploited for therapeutic purposes.
Revisiting the sedimentary record of the rise of diatoms
Authors: Westacott Sophie , Planavsky Noah J. , Zhao Ming-Yu , Hull Pincelli M. 
Published: June 2021

Significance
The fossil record has been used to suggest that diatoms rose to become one of the most dominant primary producers in the world over the past 20 million years, thereby transforming the global silicon cycle. Here we provide new evidence that the fossil record of diatoms is strongly influenced by changes in preservation potential. We show that changes in deep-sea sedimentation rate and temperature over the Cenozoic Era (the past 66 million years) would have led to better diatom fossil preservation toward the present, producing an apparent rise that does not necessarily reflect a primary ecological signal. This finding is transformative for our understanding of the Cenozoic silica cycle and diatoms’ role in it.
Bronze Age weight systems as a measure of market integration in Western Eurasia
Authors: Ialongo Nicola , Hermann Raphael , Rahmstorf Lorenz 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Increasing evidence shows that Bronze Age civilizations in Western Eurasia were economically interdependent for the procurement of essential raw materials. While this phenomenon hints at the possible formation of the first integrated market in history, recent models do not tackle its macroeconomic implications. Here, we address the customary regulation of weight systems as a measure of market integration. We show that Western Eurasian weight systems are consistent with the origin from a single unit. The information flow was efficient enough to regulate the statistical dispersion of weight systems on a continental scale, without any substantial intervention from political authorities. We argue that this suggests that the market had a concrete potential for an efficient reaction to price fluctuations.
Fluid dynamics on logarithmic lattices
Authors: Campolina Ciro S , Mailybaev Alexei A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Open problems in fluid dynamics, such as the existence of finite-time singularities (blowup), explanation of intermittency in developed turbulence, etc, are related to multi-scale structure and symmetries of underlying equations of motion. Significantly simplified equations of motion, called toy-models, are traditionally employed in the analysis of such complex systems. In these models, equations are modified preserving just a part of the structure believed to be important. Here we propose a different approach for constructing simplified models, in which instead of simplifying equations one introduces a simplified configuration space: velocity fields are defined on multi-dimensional logarithmic lattices with proper algebraic operations and calculus. Then, the equations of motion retain their exact original form and, therefore, naturally maintain most scaling properties, symmetries and invariants of the original systems. Classification of such models reveals a fascinating relation with renowned mathematical constants such as the golden mean and the plastic number. Using both rigorous and numerical analysis, we describe various properties of solutions in these models, from the basic concepts of existence and uniqueness to the blowup development and turbulent dynamics. In particular, we observe strong robustness of the chaotic blowup scenario in the three-dimensional incompressible Euler equations, as well as the Fourier mode statistics of developed turbulence resembling the full three-dimensional Navier–Stokes system.