bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A more precise way to localize animals using drones
Authors: Hui Nathan T. , Lo Eric K. , Moss Jen B. , Gerber Glenn P. , Welch Mark E. , Kastner Ryan , Schurgers Curt 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRadio telemetry is a commonly used technique in conservation biology and ecology, particularly for studying the movement and range of individuals and populations. Traditionally, most radio telemetry work is done using handheld directional antennae and either direction‐finding and homing techniques or radio‐triangulation techniques. Over the past couple of decades, efforts have been made to utilize unmanned aerial vehicles to make radio‐telemetry tracking more efficient, or cover more area. However, many of these approaches are complex and have not been rigorously field‐tested. To provide scientists with reliable quality tracking data, tracking systems need to be rigorously tested and characterized. In this paper, we present a novel, drone‐based, radio‐telemetry tracking method for tracking the broad‐scale movement paths of animals over multiple days and its implementation and deployment under field conditions. During a 2‐week field period in the Cayman Islands, we demonstrated this system's ability to localize multiple targets simultaneously, in daily 10 min tracking sessions over a period of 2 weeks, generating more precise estimates than comparable efforts using manual triangulation techniques.
How eco‐efficient are electric vehicles across Europe? A regionalized life cycle assessment‐based eco‐efficiency analysis
Authors: Onat Nuri Cihat , Abdella Galal M. , Kucukvar Murat , Kutty Adeeb A. , Al‐Nuaimi Munera , Kumbaroğlu Gürkan , Bulu Melih 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSustainable transportation is at the hearth of the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and is directly linked to many SDGs including SDG3 (good health and well‐being), SDG11 (sustainable cities and societies), SDG 7 (clean energy), SDG13 (climate), and SDG 12 (sustainable production and consumption). European countries have been promoting a widespread adoption of electric vehicles to achieve SDGs through resilient, technology‐driven, and human‐centric mobility. However, potential environmental benefits of electric vehicles depend on various regional factors such as the fuel efficiency and source of electricity generation. At the same time, the economic benefits of mobility to the economy are an important factor for evaluating the relative performance of electric vehicles. To this end, this research paper presents the first empirical analysis of the regionalized eco‐efficiency assessment of electric vehicles across Europe. We developed an integrated regionalized eco‐efficiency performance score, by employing life cycle assessment and principal component analysis techniques to assess the eco‐efficiency performance of electric vehicles in Europe. Considering the energy mix for electricity generation, three environmental indicators (carbon footprint, water consumption, and energy use) and one economic (contribution to national gross domestic product) indicator were used to compute the eco‐efficiency scores for 28 European countries. The eco‐efficiency scores for each corresponding country were calculated, compared, and clustered in as high, medium, and low eco‐efficiency score countries. The clvalid package of R software's archive network is used to determine the optimal number of clusters for the EES dataset. The results of the comparative study show that Denmark, Germany, Italy, Portugal, and Spain have a competitive advantage in eco‐efficiency performance compared to the other European countries. The regionalized distribution of the eco‐efficiency performance shows that the countries with the highest ecoefficiency score are located on the west side of Europe. Researches and policymakers can benefit from the applied methodology as well as the results to provide country‐specific investment policies to achieve higher benefits towards a transition to electric mobility in Europe.
Predicting the circumferential strains on a cylindrical concrete specimen during a pull‐out test
Authors: Leibovich Orit , Yankelevsky David Z. , Dancygier Avraham N. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn a recent experimental research, the authors measured the circumferential strains on the cylindrical envelope of concrete specimens during pull‐out tests. This paper presents a theoretical approach, complementing the previous experimental study, aiming at predicting these measured circumferential strains and developing the understanding of the three‐dimensional behavior of the concrete cylinder. The proposed approach accounts for the specimen materials and geometrical parameters including the ribs and strain gauges locations and proposes an expression for the normalized and absolute circumferential strains along the specimen circumference due to ribs actions. This paper presents a new three‐dimensional model of the specimen behvior during a pull‐out test, which provides new insight on bond mechanics and illuminates the role of the radial pressures developed as part of the bond action. Several simulations were performed on specimens with three different diameters, two concrete strengths, and a different number of bonded ribs. All the simulations show very good agreement with the measured strain data. This study enhances the understanding of bond resistance during a pull‐out process and contributes to the understanding of the ring action that is developed in a concrete cylinder during a pull‐out test.
Latin America: Chartering a new economic and business pathway
Authors: Gouvea Raul , Gutierrez Margarida Sarmiento , Montoya Manuel , Terra Branca 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn 2020, Latin American economies are facing a number of challenges and opportunities derived from regional and global events. Latin American economies have a number of factors and components to positioned and warrant these economies amongst one of the world's fastest growing regions. However, for the last four decades, the region has shown a weak and volatile economic performance, with periods of booms and busts. This paper assesses the region's main challenges and opportunities on its quest towards implementing an inclusive, equitable, competitive, and sustainable economy and society.
Protein nanoparticles in molecular, cellular, and tissue imaging
Authors: Kaku Tanvi Sushil , Lim Sierin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe quest to develop ideal nanoparticles capable of molecular, cellular, and tissue level imaging is ongoing. Since certain imaging probes and nanoparticles face drawbacks such as low aqueous solubility, increased ROS generation leading to DNA damage, apoptosis, and high cellular/organ toxicities, the development of versatile and biocompatible nanocarriers becomes necessary. Protein nanoparticles (PNPs) are one such promising class of nanocarriers that possess most of the desirable properties of an ideal nanocarrier for bioimaging applications. PNPs demonstrate high aqueous solubility, minimal cytotoxicity, and multi‐cargo loading capacity. They are also amenable to surface‐functionalization, as well as modulation of their hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity. The use of PNPs for bioimaging applications has made rapid advancements in the past two decades. Being comparatively less explored, the field opens up a plethora of opportunities and focus areas to engineer ideal bioimaging protein nanocarriers. The use of PNPs as carriers of their natural ligands as well as other heavy metals and fluorescent probes, along with drug molecules for combined theranostic applications has been reported. In addition, surface functionalization to impart specificity of targeting the PNPs has been shown to reduce nonspecific cellular interactions, thus reducing systemic toxicity. PNPs have been explored for their application in imaging of numerous cancers, cardiovascular diseases as well as imaging of the brain using near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X‐ray computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), ultrasound (US), and photoacoustic (PA) imaging.This article is categorized under:
Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus‐Based Structures
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Local equilibrium approximation in free turbulent flows: Verification through the method of differential constrains
Authors: Grebenev Vladimir N. , Demenkov Andrew G. , Chernykh Gennady G. , Grichkov Alexandre N. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe present a full version of the results obtained in Grebenev et al [Doklady Physics 47(7), 518–521 (2002)] wherein the closure formula, that is, the local equilibrium approximation of second‐order moments for modeling free turbulent flows was justified by the method of differential constrains. The proposed analysis provides us a point of view from the modern theory of symmetry analysis on the closure problem in turbulence. Specifically, closure relationships in the physical space are interpreted as the (differential) equations of invariant sets (manifolds) in a phase‐space. We demonstrate how this concept can be applied for verification of the local equilibrium approximations (LEA) of second‐order moments. With this, we obtain the equivalence of LEA and vanishing the Poisson bracket for the defect of the longitudinal velocity component and of the turbulent energy. Numerical experiments carried out in a far turbulent wake confirm this conclusion.
Climate Change
Authors: Cilliers Jakkie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOn its current development trajectory the world is headed for serious climate change trouble. More carbon emissions will affect all of humanity and with its low adaptation capacity, arid climates and rainfall-dependent agriculture, Africa is particularly at risk. Cillliers offers an in-depth assessment of the implications of climate change for Africans. In addition to reviewing the scientific consensus on the threats climate change is likely to pose in the coming decades, he sheds light on how Africa’s future trends in energy, population and lifestyle will affect carbon emissions. The chapter concludes by comparing Africa’s carbon emissions in four scenarios with the Current Path forecast, namely Made in Africa and Free Trade (highest carbon emissions) and Leapfrogging and Demographic Dividend (lowest carbon emissions).
Closing the Gap
Authors: Cilliers Jakkie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this concluding chapter Cilliers presents a combined Close the Gap scenario that integrates the eleven scenarios that were modelled in the previous chapters and compares the impact with the Current Path prospects on dimensions such as income growth, economic size, impact on extreme poverty and carbon emissions. The chapter then moves on to compare the impact of the scenarios with one another. The results differ for low, lower-middle and upper-income countries as well as over time. The differences are illustrated with reference to improvements for each income group in 2030, 2040 and 2050. The chapter then sketches out a broad description of a ‘standard economic growth model’ that emerges from the preceding analysis. It concludes by pointing to the similarities and differences compared to China’s recent history.
Japan’s Peacebuilding and Mid-Space Actors: A Bridge Between the West and the Rest
Authors: Uesugi Yuji , Deekeling Anna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis chapter focuses on Japan’s approach to peacebuilding, and examines its ability to emerge as a hybrid peacebuilding facilitator. To test this potential, three cases of Japan’s engagement with mid-space actors are studied. By reviewing Japan’s flagship projects in Timor-Leste, Myanmar and Mindanao, the chapter shows that Japan holds the ability to establish trust-relationships with top/national leaders of the aid-recipient countries through its apolitical, request-based, non-intrusive and long-term commitment approaches that Japanese actors display. At the same time, Japanese actors operating at the local/bottom are able to develop relationships with mid-space actors through providing them with important know-how and resources. This practice has allowed Japan to engage with conflict-affected societies where and when access of other donors was denied, which gave Japan an advantage in supporting local bridge-building initiatives. In short, this chapter demonstrated how Japan could bridge between Western donors and aid-recipient countries in Southeast Asia. While several shortcomings of the Japanese approach such as the limited inclusion of stakeholders and unequal distribution of peace dividend are identified in this chapter, it concluded that Japan could emerge as a hybrid peacebuilding facilitator if these shortcomings were addressed.
Einleitung
Authors: Schwarting Rena 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Buch beschäftige ich mich mit dem Zusammenhang von Organisationsbildung und gesellschaftlicher Differenzierung. Fragen nach dem historischen Verhältnis von Organisation und Gesellschaft sind in der Soziologie mehrfach als Desiderat benannt worden. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Ausdifferenzierung von Organisationen, verstanden als eigenlogische Sozialform, anhand eines vormodernen Falls konzeptionell und empirisch zu erschließen.
Forschungsstand
Authors: Schwarting Rena 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungBeim RKG handelt es sich angesichts seines über 300-jährigen Bestehens von 1495 bis 1806 um einen historischen Gegenstand, der empirisch primär in das Untersuchungsfeld der Frühen Neuzeit und der (Rechts-)Geschichte fällt. Entsprechend der interdisziplinären Anlage verorte ich das Interesse an der Organisationsförmigkeit des RKG innerhalb der Forschungsstände zweier Disziplinen. Dabei frage ich nach dem Stand einer historisch interessierten und gesellschaftstheoretisch angeleiteten Organisationssoziologie einerseits und einer organisationssoziologisch informierten RKG-Forschung andererseits.
Schluss
Authors: Schwarting Rena 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungFür den abschließenden Teil dieser Arbeit sind zwei Fragen leitend: (a) Welche empirischen und theoretischen Erkenntnisgewinne lassen sich aus der Untersuchung der Organisationsgenese des RKG in der vormodernen Gesellschaft des Alten Reichs ableiten? (b) Inwiefern verändert eine historisch-soziologisch interessierte Organisationsforschung den Blick auf ihren Gegenstand? Um sich einigen Antworten auf diese Fragen zu nähern, wird zunächst die Programmatik der hier vorgelegten Arbeit in komprimierter Form rekapituliert.
Finite representability of semigroups with demonic refinement
Authors: Hirsch Robin , Šemrl Jaš 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe motivation for using demonic calculus for binary relations stems from the behaviour of demonic turing machines, when modelled relationally. Relational composition (; ) models sequential runs of two programs and demonic refinement ($$\sqsubseteq $$
⊑
) arises from the partial order given by modeling demonic choice ($$\sqcup $$
⊔
) of programs (see below for the formal relational definitions). We prove that the class $$R(\sqsubseteq , ;)$$

R
(
⊑
,
;
)

of abstract $$(\le , \circ )$$

(
≤
,
∘
)

structures isomorphic to a set of binary relations ordered by demonic refinement with composition cannot be axiomatised by any finite set of first-order $$(\le , \circ )$$

(
≤
,
∘
)

formulas. We provide a fairly simple, infinite, recursive axiomatisation that defines $$R(\sqsubseteq , ;)$$

R
(
⊑
,
;
)

. We prove that a finite representable $$(\le , \circ )$$

(
≤
,
∘
)

structure has a representation over a finite base. This appears to be the first example of a signature for binary relations with composition where the representation class is non-finitely axiomatisable, but where the finite representation property holds for finite structures.
On Recovery Guarantees for Angular Synchronization
Authors: Filbir Frank , Krahmer Felix , Melnyk Oleh 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe angular synchronization problem of estimating a set of unknown angles from their known noisy pairwise differences arises in various applications. It can be reformulated as an optimization problem on graphs involving the graph Laplacian matrix. We consider a general, weighted version of this problem, where the impact of the noise differs between different pairs of entries and some of the differences are erased completely; this version arises for example in ptychography. We study two common approaches for solving this problem, namely eigenvector relaxation and semidefinite convex relaxation. Although some recovery guarantees are available for both methods, their performance is either unsatisfying or restricted to the unweighted graphs. We close this gap, deriving recovery guarantees for the weighted problem that are completely analogous to the unweighted version.
Tiefes periokuläres Trauma mit Tränenwegsbeteiligung durch Kaiserschnittentbindung
Authors: Heichel Jens , Struck Hans-Gert , Paulsen Friedrich , Javed Ali Mohammad , Viestenz Arne 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungPeriokuläre Verletzungen im Rahmen einer Kaiserschnittentbindung sind extrem selten. Anhand einer Kasuistik eines 5 h alten Neugeborenen soll das Trauma-Management in Hinblick auf Diagnostik, Therapie und Nachsorge einer tiefen periokulären Weichteilwunde dargestellt werden. Das Verletzungsmuster umfasste durchgreifende Wunden des medialen und lateralen Lidwinkels mit Eröffnung der Bindehautumschlagsfalte, der Tenonkapsel und Durchtrennung des oberen Tränenröhrchens. Der schichtweise Wundverschluss beinhaltete eine autostabile monokanalikulonasale Intubation der ableitenden Tränenwege.
Specific and non-specific binding of a tracer for the translocator-specific protein in schizophrenia: an [11C]-PBR28 blocking study
Authors: Marques Tiago Reis , Veronese Mattia , Owen David R. , Rabiner Eugenii A. , Searle Graham E. , Howes Oliver D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe mitochondrial 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is expressed by activated microglia and positron emission tomography enables the measurement of TSPO levels in the brain. Findings in schizophrenia have shown to vary depending on the outcome measure used and this discrepancy in TSPO results could be explained by lower non-displaceable binding (VND) in schizophrenia, which could obscure increases in specific binding. In this study, we have used the TSPO ligand XBD173 to block the TSPO radioligand [11C]-PBR28 and used an occupancy plot to quantifyVNDin patients with schizophrenia.MethodsA total of 7 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were recruited for this study. Each patient received two separate PET scans with [11C]PBR28, one at baseline and one after the administration of the TSPO ligand XBD173. All patients were high-affinity binders (HABs) for the TSPO gene. We used an occupancy plot to quantify the non-displaceable component (VND) using 2TCM kinetic estimates with and without vascular correction. Finally we computed theVNDat a single subject level using the SIME method.ResultsAll patients showed a global and generalized reduction in [11C]PBR28 uptake after the administration of XBD173. Constraining theVNDto be equal for all patients, the populationVNDwas estimated to be 1.99 mL/cm3(95% CI 1.90 to 2.08). When we used vascular correction, the fractional TSPO occupancy remained similar.ConclusionsIn schizophrenia patients, a substantial component of the [11C]PBR28 signal represents specific binding to TSPO. Furthermore, theVNDin patients with schizophrenia is similar to that previously reported in healthy controls. These results suggest that changes in non-specific binding between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls do not account for discrepant PET findings in this disorder.
Perspectives in membranous nephropathy
Authors: Tomas Nicola M. , Huber Tobias B. , Hoxha Elion 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe identification of the phospholipase A2 receptor 1 (PLA2R) and thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing protein 7A (THSD7A) as podocyte antigens in adult patients with membranous nephropathy (MN) has strongly impacted both experimental and clinical research on this disease. Evidence has been furnished that podocyte-directed autoantibodies can cause MN, and novel PLA2R- and THSD7A-specific animal models have been developed. Today, measurement of serum autoantibody levels and staining of kidney biopsies for the target antigens guides MN diagnosis and treatment worldwide. Additionally, anti-PLA2R antibodies have been proven to be valuable prognostic biomarkers in MN. Despite these impressive advances, a variety of questions regarding the disease pathomechanisms, clinical use of antibody measurement, and future treatments remain unanswered. In this review, we will outline recent advances made in the field of MN and discuss open questions and perspectives with a focus on novel antigen identification, mechanisms of podocyte injury, clinical use of antibody measurement to guide diagnosis and treatment, and the potential of innovative, pathogenesis-based treatment strategies.
Evidenzbasierte Ernährung bei zerebrovaskulären und kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen
Authors: Deupmann A.-K. , Debus E. S. , Grundmann R. T. 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungZielsetzungAnhand einer systematischen Literaturrecherche soll eine evidenzbasierte Ernährungsempfehlung zur Vorbeugung von zerebrovaskulären und kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen erarbeitet werden.MethodenPubmed-Recherche bis Oktober 2019 zu nationalen und internationale Leitlinien, Metaanalysen, randomisierten Studien und Registerstudien der letzten 10 Jahre. Nur Veröffentlichungen, die den Einfluss der Ernährung auf den primären Studienendpunkt einer Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankung untersuchten, wurden berücksichtigt. Folgende Schlagwörter wurden für die Literaturrecherche verwendet: „diet“, „cardiovascular disease“, „nutrition“, „stroke“.ErgebnisseEs fanden sich 30 Studien, 41 Metaanalysen und 15 Registerstudien. Es konnte kein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen dem Verzehr von mehrfach ungesättigten Fettsäuren und einem reduzierten Schlaganfallrisiko festgestellt werden. Lediglich der Verzehr von einfach ungesättigten Fettsäuren zeigte ein signifikant reduziertes Risiko für einen hämorrhagischen Schlaganfall. Der Verzehr von Kohlenhydraten sowie von Proteinen hat keinen direkten Einfluss auf das Schlaganfallrisiko. Jedoch ist der Verzehr pflanzlicher Proteine dem tierischer möglicherweise vorzuziehen. Eine vermehrte Zufuhr von Kalium durch den Verzehr von Obst und Gemüse und eine verringerte Natriumaufnahme durch eine Salzreduzierung sind zur Vorbeugung eines Schlaganfalls zu empfehlen. Sowohl die mediterrane Diät als auch die DASH(„Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension“)-Diät reduzieren deutlich das Risiko eines Schlaganfalls. Zusätzlich lässt sich durch folgendes Risikoprofil die Gefahr eines Schlaganfalls so gering wie möglich halten: Nichtraucher, optimales Körpergewicht (BMI) und Bauchumfang, sportliche Aktivität, moderater AlkoholkonsumFolgerungDie Inzidenz von zerebrovaskulären und kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen könnte bei entsprechender Ernährung signifikant gesenkt werden.