bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arid Coastal Carbonates and the Phanerozoic Record of Carbonate Chemistry
Authors: Smith B. P. , Cantine M. D. , Bergmann K. D. , Ramos E. J. , Martindale R. C. , Kerans C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOcean chemistry and carbonate sedimentation link Earth's climate, carbon cycle, and marine pH. The carbonate system in seawater is complex and there are large uncertainties in key parameters in deep time. Here, we link sedimentary textures formed in arid coastal environments and preserved in the rock record to past seawater carbonate chemistry. Prior to the mid‐Mesozoic, tepee structures and pisoids – features associated with peritidal environments – co‐vary with available shelf area during cycles of supercontinent formation and rifting. In contrast, tepees and pisoids are consistently scarce after the mid‐Mesozoic, which coincides with a radiation in pelagic calcifiers as well as the breakup of Pangea. Numerical models suggest that the global and temporal abundances of tepee structures and pisoids are correlated with secular shifts in seawater chemistry, and that trends likely reflect the underlying influence of tectonics and biotic innovation on marine alkalinity and the saturation states of carbonate minerals. As independent sedimentary proxies, tepees and pisoids serve as benchmarks for global carbon cycle models and provide a new proxy record of seawater chemistry that can help discern links among tectonics, biotic innovation, and seawater chemistry.
Vatnajökull Mass Loss Under Solar Geoengineering Due to the North Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
Authors: Yue Chao , Schmidt Louise Steffensen , Zhao Liyun , Wolovick Michael , Moore John C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe objective of solar geoengineering by stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) is to lower global temperatures, but it may also have adverse side effects. Iceland is situated close to the overturning regions of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) that warms the North Atlantic area. Hence, this may be one region where reduced irradiance by SAI may not be successful in reducing impacts from greenhouse gas warming. We examine this proposition by estimating how the Icelandic Vatnajökull ice cap (VIC) surface mass balance (SMB) and surface runoff changes in response to greenhouse gas and solar geoengineering scenarios over the period 1982–2089. We use the surface energy and mass balance model SEMIC driven by Earth System Model output under the GeoMIP G4, and CMIP RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 greenhouse gas scenarios. Geoengineering significantly reduces VIC near‐surface air temperature by 0.4°C, downward longwave radiation by 2.4 Wm−2 and increases snowfall by 4.9 mm yr−1 relative to RCP4.5. During the SAI period 2020–2069, modeled annual mean SMB under G4, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 are −0.34 ± 0.18 m yr−1, −0.56 ± 0.06 m yr−1 and −0.66 ± 0.04 m yr−1, respectively; surface runoff reduction under G4 is 6 ± 6% and 7 ± 6% (95% confidence interval uncertainties) compared with that under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, which is far smaller than the 20 ± 2% and 32 ± 2% reductions for the Greenland ice sheet. The differences may be attributed to the reinvigoration of AMOC under G4 relative to RCP4.5 which brings more heat to Iceland than Greenland, leading to around half the cooling and longwave radiation reductions than for Greenland.
Geodetic Constraints on Cratonic Microplates and Broad Strain During Rifting of Thick Southern African Lithosphere
Authors: Wedmore L. N. J. , Biggs J. , Floyd M. , Fagereng Å. , Mdala H. , Chindandali P. , Williams J. N. , Mphepo F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSouthern Africa is typically considered to belong to a single tectonic plate, Nubia, despite active faulting along the southwestern branch of the East African Rift System. We analyze regional Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements, and find that the “San” microplate, situated south of the southwestern branch of the East African Rift, is statistically distinct from Nubia, with 0.4–0.7 mm/yr of extension across the boundary. Adding nine new campaign GNSS sites, we show that the extension rate across the southern Malawi Rift is 2.2 ± 0.3 mm/yr, with 75% of the relative velocity occurring over 890 km, despite the surface expression of faulting being <150 km wide. Thus, for the first time, we use geodetic measurements to describe the accommodation of strain in broad zones between Archean cratons in southern Africa's thick continental lithosphere.
Hydroxyl Radical (OH) Response to Meteorological Forcing and Implication for the Methane Budget
Authors: He Jian , Naik Vaishali , Horowitz Larry Wayne 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe hydroxyl radical (OH) is a powerful oxidant in the troposphere controlling the atmospheric lifetimes of many short‐lived climate forcers such as methane. In this study, the GFDL‐AM4.1 model is used to investigate the meteorological impacts on OH and the methane budget and lifetime over 1980–2017. Driven by meteorological reanalyses from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and the Modern‐Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (Version 2), our model gives an 11.2 Tg yr−1 difference in the derived methane emissions and 0.24 years difference in the estimated methane lifetime. The results suggest that meteorology affects the mean OH concentrations but not OH trend, while the latter shows strong correlation with reactive nitrogen emissions. Despite the relatively small difference in global tropospheric OH (∼2%) induced by different meteorological forcings, the difference is much larger regionally, leading to a difference of 8 Tg yr−1 in tropical methane emissions.
Thermospheric Mass Density Disturbances Due to Magnetospheric Forcing From 2014–2020 CASSIOPE Precise Orbits
Authors: Calabia Andrés , Jin Shuanggen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLong‐term thermospheric mass density disturbances due to magnetospheric forcing are not clear due to a lack of measurement data and imprecise models. In this study, the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) precise orbits of CAScade SmallSat and IOnospheric Polar Explorer (CASSIOPE) are used to infer high‐resolution thermospheric mass densities between the years 2014 and 2020. The CASSIOPE densities are comprehensively validated at altitudes from 325 to 425 km at intervals of 25 km with the High Accuracy Satellite Drag Model (HASDM) density database, and further compared with the Naval Research Laboratory Mass Spectrometer and Incoherent Scatter Radar Exosphere/2000 (NRLMSISE‐00) and the Jacchia‐Bowman/2008 (JB2008) empirical models. The CASSIOPE densities are very similar to the HASDM and JB2008 densities, while the NRLMSISE‐00 largely overestimates (∼150%) during low solar‐flux conditions. For density values above ∼10−12 kg/m3, the correlation of CASSIOPE with HASDM is ∼5% better than the models, and the standard deviation is within 10% of the background density. For density values below ∼10−12 kg/m3, systematic errors have shown to reduce the precision of the CASSIOPE densities. By setting geomagnetic contributions to zero in the models, the density disturbances due to magnetospheric forcing are isolated from the CASSIOPE time‐series, allowing investigation into the correlations and time‐delay responses to the models and to the merging electric field (Em). A new linear dependence of the time delay to the Em was found and then parameterized in this study. Time delays occurred at the 4–7 h range during geomagnetic storms, and at 9–11 h during quiet conditions; neither had significant dependence on altitude. The results represent the validation of the first high‐resolution thermospheric mass density estimates inferred from commercial‐off‐the‐shelf GNSS receivers.
PROMISE: a real-world clinical-genomic database to address knowledge gaps in prostate cancer
Authors: Koshkin Vadim S. , Patel Vaibhav G. , Ali Alicia , Bilen Mehmet A. , Ravindranathan Deepak , Park Joseph J. , Kellezi Olesia , Cieslik Marcin , Shaya Justin , Cabal Angelo , Brown Landon , Labriola Matthew , Graham Laura S. , Pritchard Colin , Tripathi Abhishek , Nusrat Sanober , Barata Pedro , Jang Albert , Chen Shuang R. , Garje Rohan , Acharya Luna , Hwang Clara , Pilling Amanda , Oh William , Jun Tomi , Natesan Divya , Nguyen Chris , Kilari Deepak , Pierro Michael , Thapa Bicky , Cackowski Frank , Mack Alleda , Heath Elisabeth , Marshall Catherine H. , Tagawa Scott T. , Halabi Susan , Schweizer Michael T. , Armstrong Andrew , Dorff Tanya , Alva Ajjai , McKay Rana 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease with variable clinical outcomes. Despite numerous recent approvals of novel therapies, castration-resistant prostate cancer remains lethal. A “real-world” clinical-genomic database is urgently needed to enhance our characterization of advanced prostate cancer and further enable precision oncology.

Methods
The Prostate Cancer Precision Medicine Multi-Institutional Collaborative Effort (PROMISE) is a consortium whose aims are to establish a repository of de-identified clinical and genomic patient data that are linked to patient outcomes. The consortium structure includes a (1) bio-informatics committee to standardize genomic data and provide quality control, (2) biostatistics committee to independently perform statistical analyses, (3) executive committee to review and select proposals of relevant questions for the consortium to address, (4) diversity/inclusion committee to address important clinical questions pertaining to racial disparities, and (5) patient advocacy committee to understand patient perspectives to improve patients’ quality of care.

Results
The PROMISE consortium was formed by 16 academic institutions in early 2020 and a secure RedCap database was created. The first patient record was entered into the database in April 2020 and over 1000 records have been entered as of early 2021. Data entry is proceeding as planned with the goal to have over 2500 patient records by the end of 2021.

Conclusions
The PROMISE consortium provides a powerful clinical-genomic platform to interrogate and address data gaps that have arisen with increased genomic testing in the clinical management of prostate cancer. The dataset incorporates data from patient populations that are often underrepresented in clinical trials, generates new hypotheses to direct further research, and addresses important clinical questions that are otherwise difficult to investigate in prospective studies.
The UroLift implant: mechanism behind rapid and durable relief from prostatic obstruction
Authors: Roehrborn Claus G. , Chin Peter T. , Woo Henry H. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an affliction of the aging male population that contributes to bothersome and disruptive lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The UroLift® implant has been developed as a mechanical means of widening the prostatic urethra and providing relief from lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) through a minimally invasive procedure.

Methods
In the current study, we utilize histological results from canine tissue, resected tissue from human subjects treated with the UroLift System and post-market surveillance data collected by the manufacturer in order to elucidate the long-term biological mechanism of action of the UroLift implant.

Results
The delivery of the implant causes tissue compression, likely resulting in focal ischemia that causes observed local atrophy and minimal-mild chronic inflammation that ultimately remodels tissue to produce a widened prostatic urethra.

Conclusions
These studies reveal the lack of impact the device has on systemic tissue, providing evidence that the UroLift System is benign and biocompatible, and offering histologic explanation for the clinically observed durability.
A dynamical quantum Cheshire Cat effect and implications for counterfactual communication
Authors: Aharonov Yakir , Cohen Eliahu , Popescu Sandu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHere we report a type of dynamic effect that is at the core of the so called “counterfactual computation” and especially “counterfactual communication” quantum effects that have generated a lot of interest recently. The basic feature of these counterfactual setups is the fact that particles seem to be affected by actions that take place in locations where they never (more precisely, only with infinitesimally small probability) enter. Specifically, the communication/computation takes place without the quantum particles that are supposed to be the information carriers travelling through the communication channel or entering the logic gates of the computer. Here we show that something far more subtle is taking place: It is not necessary for the particle to enter the region where the controlling action takes place; it is enough for the controlled property of the particle, (i.e., the property that is being controlled by actions in the control region), to enter that region. The presence of the controlled property, without the particle itself, is possible via a quantum Cheshire Cat type effect in which a property can be disembodied from the particle that possesses it. At the same time, we generalize the quantum Cheshire Cat effect to dynamical settings, in which the property that is “disembodied” from the particle possessing it propagates in space, and leads to a flux of “disembodied” conserved quantities.
Superconductivity in the doped quantum spin liquid on the triangular lattice
Authors: Jiang Hong-Chen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBroad interest in quantum spin liquid (QSL) phases was triggered by the notion that they can be viewed as insulating phases with preexisting electron pairs, such that upon light doping they might automatically yield high temperature superconductivity. Yet despite intense experimental and numerical efforts, definitive evidence showing that doping QSLs leads to superconductivity has been lacking. We address the problem of a lightly doped QSL through a large-scale density-matrix renormalization group study of the t-J model on finite-circumference triangular cylinders with a small but nonzero concentration of doped holes. We provide direct evidences that doping QSL can naturally give rise to d-wave superconductivity. Specifically, we find power-law superconducting correlations with a Luttinger exponent, Ksc ≈ 1, which is consistent with a strongly diverging superconducting susceptibility, $${\chi }_{sc} \,\sim\, {T}^{-(2\,-\,{K}_{sc})}$$

χ

s
c

~

T

−

(

2

−

K

s
c

)

as the temperature T → 0. The spin–spin correlations—as in the undoped QSL state—fall exponentially which suggests that the superconducting pair-pair correlations evolve smoothly from the insulating parent state.
Engineering large, anatomically shaped osteochondral constructs with robust interfacial shear properties
Authors: Brown Wendy E. , Huang Brian J. , Hu Jerry C. , Athanasiou Kyriacos A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDespite the prevalence of large (>5 cm2) articular cartilage defects involving underlying bone, current tissue-engineered therapies only address small defects. Tissue-engineered, anatomically shaped, native-like implants may address the need for off-the-shelf, tissue-repairing therapies for large cartilage lesions. This study fabricated an osteochondral construct of translationally relevant geometry with robust functional properties. Scaffold-free, self-assembled neocartilage served as the chondral phase, and porous hydroxyapatite served as the osseous phase of the osteochondral constructs. Constructs in the shape and size of an ovine femoral condyle (31 × 14 mm) were assembled at day 4 (early) or day 10 (late) of neocartilage maturation. Early osteochondral assembly increased the interfacial interdigitation depth by 244%, interdigitation frequency by 438%, interfacial shear modulus by 243-fold, and ultimate interfacial shear strength by 4.9-fold, compared to late assembly. Toward the development of a bioprosthesis for the repair of cartilage lesions encompassing up to an entire condylar surface, this study generated a large, anatomically shaped osteochondral construct with robust interfacial mechanical properties and native-like neocartilage interdigitation.
A large dataset of detection and submeter-accurate 3-D trajectories of juvenile Chinook salmon
Authors: Martinez Jayson , Fu Tao , Li Xinya , Hou Hongfei , Wang Jingxian , Eppard M. Brad , Deng Zhiqun Daniel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAcoustic telemetry has been used extensively to study the behavior of aquatic animals. The Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System (JSATS) is one such system; it was developed for studying juvenile salmonids but has been used to study numerous species. A recent innovation of the JSATS system is an acoustic transmitter that is small enough to be implanted through injection or small incision that doesn’t require sutures. Use of the JSATS system involves deploying cabled acoustic receivers at hydroelectric dams, or other structures, and autonomous acoustic receivers in free-flowing sections of a river. The raw detections from acoustic-tagged fish are processed to remove potential false positives. The clean detections (5,147,996 total) are used to generate detection events and to compute 3-D trajectories (403,900 total), which are used to assign fish to a passage route through a dam. Controlled field testing involving a high-accuracy Global Positioning System receiver is done to validate the submeter accuracy of the trajectories. The JSATS dataset could be reused for expanding the understanding of near-dam fish behavior.
Interaction of 4′-methylflavonoids with biological membranes, liposomes, and human albumin
Authors: Włoch Aleksandra , Strugała-Danak Paulina , Pruchnik Hanna , Krawczyk-Łebek Agnieszka , Szczecka Karolina , Janeczko Tomasz , Kostrzewa-Susłow Edyta 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe aim of the study was to compare the impact of three synthesized chemical compounds from a group of methylated flavonoids, i.e. 2′-hydroxy-4-methylchalcone (3), 4′-methylflavanone (4), and 4′-methylflavone (5), on a red blood cell membranes (RBCMs), phosphatidylcholine model membranes (PC), and human serum albumin (HSA) in order to investigate their structure–activity relationships. In the first stage of the study, it was proved that all of the compounds tested do not cause hemolysis of red blood cells and, therefore, do not have a toxic effect. In biophysical studies, it was shown that flavonoids have an impact on the hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions of membranes (both RBCMs and PC) causing an increase in packing order of lipid heads and a decrease in fluidity, respectively. Whereas, on the one hand, the magnitude of these changes depends on the type of the compound tested, on the other hand, it also depends on the type of membrane. 4′-Methylflavanone and 4′-methylflavone are located mainly in the hydrophilic part of lipid membranes, while 2′-hydroxy-4-methylchalcone has a greater impact on the hydrophobic area. A fluorescence quenching study proved that compounds (3), (4) and (5) bind with HSA in a process of static quenching. The binding process is spontaneous whereas hydrogen bonding interactions and van der Waals forces play a major role in the interaction between the compounds and HSA.
Detection and classification of unilateral cleft alveolus with and without cleft palate on panoramic radiographs using a deep learning system
Authors: Kuwada Chiaki , Ariji Yoshiko , Kise Yoshitaka , Funakoshi Takuma , Fukuda Motoki , Kuwada Tsutomu , Gotoh Kenichi , Ariji Eiichiro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlthough panoramic radiography has a role in the examination of patients with cleft alveolus (CA), its appearances is sometimes difficult to interpret. The aims of this study were to develop a computer-aided diagnosis system for diagnosing the CA status on panoramic radiographs using a deep learning object detection technique with and without normal data in the learning process, to verify its performance in comparison to human observers, and to clarify some characteristic appearances probably related to the performance. The panoramic radiographs of 383 CA patients with cleft palate (CA with CP) or without cleft palate (CA only) and 210 patients without CA (normal) were used to create two models on the DetectNet. The models 1 and 2 were developed based on the data without and with normal subjects, respectively, to detect the CAs and classify them into with or without CP. The model 2 reduced the false positive rate (1/30) compared to the model 1 (12/30). The overall accuracy of Model 2 was higher than Model 1 and human observers. The model created in this study appeared to have the potential to detect and classify CAs on panoramic radiographs, and might be useful to assist the human observers.
Rice paddy soils are a quantitatively important carbon store according to a global synthesis
Authors: Liu Yalong , Ge Tida , van Groenigen Kees Jan , Yang Yuanhe , Wang Ping , Cheng Kun , Zhu Zhenke , Wang Jingkuan , Li Yong , Guggenberger Georg , Sardans Jordi , Penuelas Josep , Wu Jinshui , Kuzyakov Yakov 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRice paddies account for ~9% or the world’s cropland area and are characterized by environmental conditions promoting soil organic carbon storage, methane emissions and to a lesser extent nitrous oxide emissions. Here, we synthesize data from 612 sites across 51 countries to estimate global carbon stocks in paddy soils and determine the main factors affecting paddy soil carbon storage. Paddy soils (0–100 cm) contain 18 Pg carbon worldwide. Paddy soil carbon stocks decrease with increasing mean annual temperature and soil pH, whereas mean annual precipitation and clay content had minor impacts. Meta-analysis shows that paddy soil carbon stocks can be increased through several management practices. However, greenhouse gas mitigation through paddy soil carbon storage is generally outweighed by increases in methane and nitrous oxide emissions. Our results emphasize the key role of paddies in the global carbon cycle, and the importance of paddy management in minimizing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions.
Crucial impact of exchange between layers on temperature programmed desorption
Authors: Dickbreder Tobias , Bechstein Ralf , Kühnle Angelika 
Published: August 2021

Kinetic modelling shows that layer exchange between the 1st and 2nd adsorbate layer on a surface alters the appearance of desorption spectra considerably. Especially, a rapid layer exchange causes a broader desorption peak and a flatter leading edge.
A graphene@framework polymer derived from addition polymerization of phthalocyanine/dicarboxaldehyde as a negative material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Tao Lihong , Zhao Jianjun , Chen Jun , Zhang He , Wang Luyi , Zhong Shengwen , Wang Hua , Chen Jianbing , Wu Lijue 
Published: August 2021

A framework polymer (BDC-NiPc@GN) is synthesized which shows better stability in electrolyte with porous structure and large specific surface area, exposes more active points and provides more Li+ transmission channels and improved energy storage behaviors.