bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photobiomodulation of mineralisation in mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Mohamad Sherif A. , Milward Michael R. , Hadis Mohammed A. , Kuehne Sarah A. , Cooper Paul R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and photobiomodulation (PBM) both offer significant therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine. MSCs have the ability to self-renew and differentiate; giving rise to multiple cellular and tissue lineages that are utilised in repair and regeneration of damaged tissues. PBM utilises light energy delivered at a range of wavelengths to promote wound healing. The positive effects of light on MSC proliferation are well documented; and recently, several studies have determined the outcomes of PBM on mineralised tissue differentiation in MSC populations. As PBM effects are biphasic, it is important to understand the underlying cellular regulatory mechanisms, as well as, provide accurate details of the irradiation conditions, to optimise and standardise outcomes. This review article focuses on the use of red, near-infra-red (R/NIR) and blue wavelengths to promote the mineralisation potential of MSCs; and also reports on the possible molecular mechanisms which underpin transduction of these effects. A variety of potential photon absorbers have been identified which are reported to mediate the signalling mechanisms, including respiratory chain enzymes, flavins, and cryptochromes. Studies report that R/NIR and blue light stimulate MSC differentiation by enhancing respiratory chain activity and increasing reactive oxygen species levels; however, currently, there are considerable variations between irradiation parameters reported. We conclude that due to its non-invasive properties, PBM may, following optimisation, provide an efficient therapeutic approach to clinically support MSC-mediated hard tissue repair. However, to optimise application, further studies are required to identify appropriate light delivery parameters, as well as elucidate the photo-signalling mechanisms involved.
Comparison of 2 Risk Prediction Models Specific for COVID-19: The Brescia-COVID Respiratory Severity Scale Versus the Quick COVID-19 Severity Index
Authors: Ak Rohat , Kurt Erdem , Bahadirli Suphi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjective:This study compared the prognostic performances of the Brescia-COVID Respiratory Severity Scale (BCRSS) and the Quick COVID-19 Severity Index (qCSI) scores in hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19.Methods:The data of all adult patients (over 18 y of age) who were admitted into a state hospital with confirmed COVID-19 between May 1, 2020, and October 31, 2020, were retrospectively examined. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, known as the area under the curve (AUC), was used to assess the BCRSS prediction rule and the qCSI score to assess the discriminatory power in predicting in-hospital mortality and intensive care unit (ICU) admission.Results:There were 341 patients included in this study. The mean age of the patients was 58.2 ± 17.2, of which 165 were men and 176 were women, and 61.3% of patients had at least 1 comorbidity. The most common comorbidity was hypertension. The predictive power scores of BCRSS and qCSI were found as very good in terms of in-hospital mortality (AUC 0.804 and 0.847, respectively) and likewise in terms of ICU admission (AUC 0.842 and 0.851, respectively).Conclusions:Both BCRSS and qCSI scoring systems were found to be successful in predicting in-hospital mortality and ICU admission in our patient population.
Directional phyllotactic bias in calatheas (Goeppertia, Marantaceae): A citizen science approach
Authors: Durrington Benjamin , Chong Fiona , Chitwood Daniel H. ,   Twitter Calathea Poll Participants and iNaturalist Citizen Scientists
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Lateral organs arranged in spiral phyllotaxy are separated by the golden angle, ≈137.5°, leading to chirality: either clockwise or counter-clockwise. In some species, leaves are asymmetric such that they are smaller and curved towards the side ascending the phyllotactic spiral. As such, these asymmetries lead to mirroring of leaf shapes in plants of opposite phyllotactic handedness. Previous reports had suggested that the pin-stripe calathea (Goeppertia ornata) may be exclusively of one phyllotactic direction, counter-clockwise, but had limited sampling to a single population. Here, we use a citizen science approach leveraging a social media poll, internet image searches, in-person verification at nurseries in four countries and digitally-curated, research-grade observations to demonstrate that calatheas (Goeppertia spp.) around the world are biased towards counter-clockwise phyllotaxy. The possibility that this bias is genetic and its implications for models of phyllotaxy that assume handedness is stochastically specified in equal proportions is discussed.
Common musical mistakes in Early Childhood Education textbooks
Authors: Sánchez-Marroquí Judith , Vicente-Nicolás Gregorio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study is to detect and analyse mistakes in musical activities included in Early Childhood Education textbooks from a musical and didactic viewpoint. The sample comprised 2,200 activities corresponding to the textbooks of four leading publishers in Spain. An instrument designedad hocfor collection of information was developed, proposing a taxonomy of mistakes in three categories:musical, didacticandworksheet.Results revealed that 22.6% of analysed activities contained some type of mistake. The most frequent were in themusicalcategory (concepts, terms or graphic representation), followed bydidactic(level, planning or methodology) and, finally, those related to student worksheets.
THE VALUE OF IDEOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AMONG UNIVERSITY FACULTY
Authors: Whittington Keith E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractConservatives in the United States have grown increasingly critical of universities and their faculty, convinced that professors are ideologues from the political left. Universities, for their part, have increasingly adopted a mantra of diversity and inclusivity, but have shown little interest in diversifying the political and ideological profile of their faculties. This essay argues that the lack of political diversity among American university faculty hampers the ability of universities to fulfill their core mission of advancing and disseminating knowledge. The argument is advanced through a series of four questions: Is it true that university faculty are not ideologically diverse? Why might it be true? Does it matter? How might it be fixed.
THE AUTHORITY OF THE SACRED VICTIM
Authors: McGrath Molly Brigid 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSuffering can make sacred, so it may partly be nature, and not culture alone, that leads us to apprehend a sacred aspect in victims of oppression. Those who recognize this sacredness show piety—a special form of respect—toward members of oppressed groups. The result is a system of social constructions often dismissed as “identity politics.” This essay starts with an analysis of the intentionality of piety and sacredness and how they relate to suffering, sacrifice, sanctions, pollution, and purification. It then argues that the sacralization of oppressed groups is an expression of the perennial human disposition to acknowledge sacredness and to respond piously. The essay then analyzes this sacred status as socially constructed. Based on the sacred-making (that is, “sacrificial”) power of suffering, the sacred status elicits piety, gives its bearers special authority, surrounds them with sanctions, and calls for symbolic sacrificial punishments of the impious. By dissecting sacrificial politics as a system of social constructions, we see that, although the oppressed groups are made sacred, certain people in the oppressor groups—“the Pious”—continue to exercise fundamental power. This essay, by displaying the inner logic of this cultural phenomenon, helps us both to sympathize with and to critique the system and then to pose questions about what good or bad the system might be doing.
Publics, Scientists and the State: Mapping the Global Human Genome Editing Controversy
Authors: Lei Ya-Wen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLiterature on scientific controversies has inadequately attended to the impact of globalization and, more specifically, the emergence of China as a leader in scientific research. To bridge this gap in the literature, this article develops a theoretical framework to analyse global scientific controversies surrounding research in China. The framework highlights the existence of four overlapping discursive arenas: China's national public sphere and national expert sphere, the transnational public sphere and the transnational expert sphere. It then examines the struggles over inclusion/exclusion and publicity within these spheres as well as the within- and across-sphere effects of such struggles. Empirically, the article analyses the human genome editing controversy surrounding research conducted by scientists in China between 2015 and 2019. It shows how elite scientists negotiated expert–public relationships within and across the national and transnational expert spheres, how unexpected disruption at the nexus of the four spheres disrupted expert–public relationships as envisioned by elite experts, and how the Chinese state intervened to redraw the boundary between openness and secrecy at both national and transnational levels.
Loyalist, Dissenter and Cosmopolite: The Sociocultural Origins of a Counter-public Sphere in Colonial Hong Kong
Authors: Cheng Edmund W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper surveys the process of discursive contestation by intellectual agents in Hong Kong that fostered a counter-public sphere in China's offshore. In the post-war era, Chinese exiled intellectuals leveraged the colony's geopolitical ambiguity and created a displaced community of loyalists/dissenters that supported independent publishing venues and engaged in the cultural front. By the 1970s, homegrown and left-wing intellectuals had constructed a hybrid identity to articulate their physical proximity to, yet social distance from, the Chinese nation-state, as well as to appropriate their sense of belonging to the city-state, through confronting social injustice. In examining periodicals and interviewing public intellectuals, I propose that this counter-public sphere was defined first by its alternative voice, which contested various official discourses, second by its multifaceted inclusiveness, which accommodated diverse worldviews and subjectivities, and third by its critical platform, which nurtured social activism in undemocratic Chinese societies. I differentiate the permissive conditions that loosened constraints on intellectual agencies from the productive conditions that account for their penetration and diffusion. Habermas's idealized public sphere framework is revisited by bringing in ideational contestation, social configuration and cultural identity.
Variation in management of paediatric isolated bicuspid aortic valve: current practice survey
Authors: Boyett Anderson Jesse M. , Hokanson John S 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground:Prior to the recent release of appropriate use criteria for imaging valvulopathies in children, follow-up of valvular lesions, including isolated bicuspid aortic valve, was not standardised. We describe current follow up, treatment, and intervention strategies for isolated bicuspid aortic valve with varying degrees of stenosis, regurgitation, and dilation in children up to 18 years old and compare them with newly released appropriate use criteria.Methods:Online survey was sent to members of the American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery and PediHeartNet.Results:Totally, 106 responses with interpretable data were received. For asymptomatic patients with isolated BAV without stenosis, regurgitation, or dilation follow-up-intervals increased from 7+/−4 months in the newborn period to 28 +/− 14 months at 18 years of age. Respondents recommended more frequent follow-up for younger patients and those with greater disease severity. More than 80% of respondents treat aortic regurgitation or aortic dilation in the setting of bicuspid aortic valve medically. In general, intervention was recommended once stenosis or regurgitation became severe (stenosis of >4 m/s; regurgitation with LV Z score 4) regardless of age, but was not routinely recommended for younger children (newborn – age 6 years) with severe dilation. Exercise was restricted at 38+/−11 mmHg echocardiographic mean gradient.Conclusions:Current follow-up, treatment, and intervention strategies for isolated bicuspid aortic valve deviate from appropriate use criteria. Differences between the two highlight the need to better delineate the disease course, clarify recommendations for care, and encourage wider adoption of guidelines.
Outcomes of home mechanical ventilation with tracheostomy after congenital heart surgery
Authors: Temur Bahar , Emre İsmet E , Aydın Selim , Önalan Mehmet A , Başgöze Serdar , Özcan Esra , Doğruöz Alper , Erek Ersin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjective:After congenital heart surgery, some patients may need long-term mechanical ventilation because of chronic respiratory failure. In this study, we analysed outcomes of the patients who need tracheostomy and home mechanical ventilation.Methods:Amongst 1343 patients who underwent congenital heart surgery between January, 2014 and June, 2018, 45 needed tracheostomy and HMV. The median age of these patients was 6.4 months (12 days–6.5 years). Nineteen patients underwent palliation while 26 patients underwent total repair. Post-operative diaphragm plication was performed in five patients (11%). Median duration of mechanical ventilation before tracheostomy was 32 days (8–154 days). The patients were followed up with their home ventilators in ward and at home. Mean follow-up time was 36.24 ± 11.61 months.Results:The median duration of ICU stay after tracheostomy was 27 days (range 2–93 days). Follow-up time in ward was median 30 days (2–156 days). A total of 12 patients (26.6%) were separated from the ventilator and underwent decannulation during hospital stay. Thirty-two patients (71.1%) were discharged home with home ventilator support. Of them, 15 patients (46.9%) were separated from the respiratory support in median of 6 weeks (1 week–11 months) and decannulations were performed. Total mortality was 31.1%. in which four patients are still HMV dependent. There was no significant difference for decannulation between total repair and palliation patients.Conclusion:HMV via tracheostomy is a useful option for the treatment of children who are dependent on long-term ventilation after congenital heart surgery although there are potential risks.
“I'm on My Way to a Heav'nly Lan’”:Porgy and Bessas American Religious Export to the USSR
Authors: LESON LENA 
Published: May 2021

AbstractScholars have explored the use of Breen-Davis'sPorgy and Bessand its stellar ensemble cast to counter Soviet criticism of US race relations during the Cold War—but an equally prominent theme in contemporary coverage of the production is spirituality. Onstage as well as off, the Soviet tour ofPorgy and Bessreflected both American and Soviet ideas about religion's role in international diplomacy in the mid-1950s. This article explores religiosity in the Breen-Davis production as well as the reception of the 1955–56 Soviet tour both in the United States, where the production represented a hopeful vision of the nation's racial tolerance and religious pluralism, and in the USSR, where the tour's twin messages of American spiritual superiority and racial equality were challenged by Soviet authorities. Drawing on materials from the Robert Breen Archives housed in the Jerome Lawrence and Robert Lee Theatre Research Institute at Ohio State University, this article considers Breen-Davis'sPorgy and Bessas a religious export to the USSR, enriching our understanding of US cultural diplomacy and Cold War–era musical exchange with broader implications for American–Soviet history, religious studies, and opera analysis.
The ASCAP-BMI Feud, Status Panic, and the Struggle for Cold War Consensus
Authors: BRACKETT JOHN 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBy the 1950s, ASCAP and its associated songwriters and composers seemed out of touch with contemporary musical tastes and industry trends. With the introduction of competition in the form of BMI in 1939, many members of ASCAP were experiencing a sense of status anxiety, an anxiety exacerbated by the many cultural, social, political, and economic changes that swept across postwar US society. Rather than adapt to the changing musical landscape of the 1950s, some members argued that ASCAP's fading cultural prestige and diminished influence within the music industry were the result of a conspiracy perpetrated by the broadcast networks and BMI. This article examines how, in an attempt to reassert the status and prestige they had enjoyed before the war, ASCAP and its supporters exploited contemporary Cold War anxieties as part of their ongoing feud with BMI. In congressional hearings from 1956 and 1958, individuals and organizations sympathetic to ASCAP portrayed BMI as part of a coordinated conspiracy that not only threatened free market practices through the establishment of an alleged “electronic curtain,” but also sought to foist an inferior product on audiences who were being manipulated by “hidden persuaders.” I suggest that the rhetoric that dominated both of these hearings reflects ideological debates that were being fought at the height of the Cold War, debates involving the culture of consensus and the image of the “American Way.”
Future Sea Level Change Under Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 and Phase 6 Scenarios From the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets
Authors: Payne Antony J. , Nowicki Sophie , Abe‐Ouchi Ayako , Agosta Cécile , Alexander Patrick , Albrecht Torsten , Asay‐Davis Xylar , Aschwanden Andy , Barthel Alice , Bracegirdle Thomas J. , Calov Reinhard , Chambers Christopher , Choi Youngmin , Cullather Richard , Cuzzone Joshua , Dumas Christophe , Edwards Tamsin L. , Felikson Denis , Fettweis Xavier , Galton‐Fenzi Benjamin K. , Goelzer Heiko , Gladstone Rupert , Golledge Nicholas R. , Gregory Jonathan M. , Greve Ralf , Hattermann Tore , Hoffman Matthew J. , Humbert Angelika , Huybrechts Philippe , Jourdain Nicolas C. , Kleiner Thomas , Munneke Peter Kuipers , Larour Eric , Le clec'h Sebastien , Lee Victoria , Leguy Gunter , Lipscomb William H. , Little Christopher M. , Lowry Daniel P. , Morlighem Mathieu , Nias Isabel , Pattyn Frank , Pelle Tyler , Price Stephen F. , Quiquet Aurélien , Reese Ronja , Rückamp Martin , Schlegel Nicole‐Jeanne , Seroussi Hélène , Shepherd Andrew , Simon Erika , Slater Donald , Smith Robin S. , Straneo Fiammetta , Sun Sainan , Tarasov Lev , Trusel Luke D. , Van Breedam Jonas , van de Wal Roderik , van den Broeke Michiel , Winkelmann Ricarda , Zhao Chen , Zhang Tong , Zwinger Thomas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractProjections of the sea level contribution from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets (GrIS and AIS) rely on atmospheric and oceanic drivers obtained from climate models. The Earth System Models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) generally project greater future warming compared with the previous Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) effort. Here we use four CMIP6 models and a selection of CMIP5 models to force multiple ice sheet models as part of the Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project for CMIP6 (ISMIP6). We find that the projected sea level contribution at 2100 from the ice sheet model ensemble under the CMIP6 scenarios falls within the CMIP5 range for the Antarctic ice sheet but is significantly increased for Greenland. Warmer atmosphere in CMIP6 models results in higher Greenland mass loss due to surface melt. For Antarctica, CMIP6 forcing is similar to CMIP5 and mass gain from increased snowfall counteracts increased loss due to ocean warming.
Role of Groundwater in Sustaining Northern Himalayan Rivers
Authors: Yao Yingying , Zheng Chunmiao , Andrews Charles B. , Scanlon Bridget R. , Kuang Xingxing , Zeng Zhenzhong , Jeong Su‐Jong , Lancia Michele , Wu Yiping , Li Guoshuai 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Himalayas are critical for supplying water for ∼2 billion people who live downstream, and available water is highly sensitive to climate change. The role of the groundwater system in sustaining the northern Himalayan rivers remains unknown, and this compromises Asia's future water sustainability. Here, we quantify the spatiotemporal contribution of groundwater to river flows in the Yarlung Zangbo Basin (upper reaches of Brahmaputra). Our results show that the groundwater recharge represents ∼23% of mean annual precipitation, translating into ∼30 km3/yr of baseflow, which contributes ∼55% of the total river discharge in the upstream reaches to ∼27% in the downstream reaches. The percentage of groundwater contribution is inversely related to topographic steepness and total precipitation, with the steepest topography and highest precipitation in the eastern Himalayas. This study fills a knowledge gap on groundwater in the Himalayas and is a foundation for projecting water changes under climatic warming.
Dissolved Organic Matter in the Upwelling System off Peru: Imprints of Bacterial Activity and Water Mass Characteristics
Authors: Maßmig Marie , Engel Anja 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMicrobial degradation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) contributes to the formation and preservation of oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) in the ocean, but information on the spatial distribution and molecular composition of DOM in OMZ regions is scarce. We quantified molecular components of DOM that is, dissolved amino acids (DAA) and dissolved combined carbohydrates (DCCHO), in the upwelling region off Peru. We found the highest concentrations of DCCHO in fully oxygenated surface waters steeply declining at shallow depth. The highest DAA concentrations were observed close to the surface also, but attenuation of DAA concentration over depth was less pronounced. Compositional changes of DCCHO were strongest within more oxygenated waters. Compositional changes of DAA were also evident under suboxic conditions (<5 µmol O2 kg−1) and indicated bacterial peptide degradation. Moreover, specific free amino acids (alanine and threonine) were enhanced within suboxic waters, pointing to a potential production of dissolved organic nitrogen under suboxic conditions. Our results therewith suggest that deoxygenation supports a spatial decoupling of DCCHO and DAA production and degradation dynamics and give new insights to carbon and nitrogen cycling in the OMZ off Peru.