bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spallationsversuche von Faserbetonprobekörpern im Split‐Hopkinson‐Bar
Authors: Mosig Oliver , Zohrabyan Vahan , Curbach Manfred , Braml Thomas , Keuser Manfred , Gebbeken Norbert 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAuf Basis von Spallationsversuchen an faserbewehrten Betonproben im Split‐Hopkinson‐Bar wurden die dynamischen Kennwerte Elastizitätsmodul, Zugfestigkeit und Bruchenergie ermittelt. Untersucht wurden Betonproben der Festigkeitsklassen C20/25, C40/50 und C80/95 mit Stahlfasergehalten von 0 bis 2,0 Vol.‐ % sowie mit Carbon‐ und PP‐Fasern im Dehnratenbereich von etwa 15 bis 25 1/s. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine Zunahme der dynamischen Zugfestigkeit und des dynamischen Elastizitätsmoduls des Faserbetons mit steigendem Fasergehalt. Durch die Zugabe von Fasern ist zudem eine enorme Steigerung der Bruchenergie des Faserbetons gegenüber unbewehrten Proben festzustellen, welche für den Stahlfaserbeton im Vergleich zu dem untersuchten Carbon‐ und PP‐Faserbeton höher ausfällt. Mit 1,0 Vol.‐ % Stahlfasern konnte etwa eine Verzehnfachung der Bruchenergie des Stahlfaserbetons ermittelt werden. Weiter wurde festgestellt, dass der Anteil der Einzelfaser an der Verbundtragfähigkeit des Faserbetons mit steigendem Faservolumengehalt abnimmt, da aus der schwierigeren Verarbeitbarkeit eine inhomogene Faserverteilung mit schlechteren Verbundeigenschaften resultiert.
D‐optimal designs of mean‐covariance models for longitudinal data
Authors: Yi Siyu , Zhou Yongdao , Pan Jianxin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLongitudinal data analysis has been very common in various fields. It is important in longitudinal studies to choose appropriate numbers of subjects and repeated measurements and allocation of time points as well. Therefore, existing studies proposed many criteria to select the optimal designs. However, most of them focused on the precision of the mean estimation based on some specific models and certain structures of the covariance matrix. In this paper, we focus on both the mean and the marginal covariance matrix. Based on the mean–covariance models, it is shown that the trick of symmetrization can generate better designs under a Bayesian D‐optimality criterion over a given prior parameter space. Then, we propose a novel criterion to select the optimal designs. The goal of the proposed criterion is to make the estimates of both the mean vector and the covariance matrix more accurate, and the total cost is as low as possible. Further, we develop an algorithm to solve the corresponding optimization problem. Based on the algorithm, the criterion is illustrated by an application to a real dataset and some simulation studies. We show the superiority of the symmetric optimal design and the symmetrized optimal design in terms of the relative efficiency and parameter estimation. Moreover, we also demonstrate that the proposed criterion is more effective than the previous criteria, and it is suitable for both maximum likelihood estimation and restricted maximum likelihood estimation procedures.
Restoration of NRF2 attenuates myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury through mediating microRNA‐29a‐3p/CCNT2 axis
Authors: Tian Ran , Guan Xin , Qian Hao , Wang Liang , Shen Zhujun , Fang Ligang , Liu Zhenyu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAccumulated studies have been implemented for comprehending the mechanism of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MI/RI). Nuclear factor erythroid‐2 related factor 2 (NRF2)‐mediated transcription activity in MI/RI has not been completely interpreted from the perspective of microRNA‐29a‐3p (miR‐29a‐3p) and cyclin T2 (CCNT2). Therein, this study intends to decode the mechanism of NRF2/miR‐29a‐3p/CCNT2 axis in MI/RI. Rat MI/RI models were established by left anterior descending artery ligation. Rats were injected with NRF2 or CCNT2 overexpression plasmids or miR‐29a‐3p agomir to explore their effects on MI/RI. Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) cardiomyocytes were established and transfected with restored NRF2 or miR‐29a‐3p or CCNT2 for further exploration of their roles. NRF2, miR‐29a‐3p, and CCNT2 expression in myocardial tissues in rats with MI/RI and in cardiomyocytes in H/R injury were detected. ChIP assay verified the relationship between miR‐29a‐3p and NRF2, and the bioinformatics software and dual‐luciferase reporter experiment verified the interaction between miR‐29a‐3p and CCNT2. NRF2 and miR‐29a‐3p were down‐regulated while CCNT2 was up‐regulated in myocardial tissues in rats with MI/RI and in H/R‐treated cardiomyocytes. Restoration of NRF2 or miR‐29a‐3p improved hemodynamics and myocardial injury and suppressed serum inflammation and cardiomyocyte apoptosis via CCNT2 in rats with MI/RI. Upregulation of NRF2 or miR‐29a‐3p inhibited LDH and CK‐MB activities, oxidative stress, and apoptosis and promoted viability of cardiomyocytes with H/R injury. NRF2 bound to the promoter of miR‐29a‐3p and CCNT2 was targeted by miR‐29a‐3p. This study elucidates that up‐regulating NRF2 or miR‐29a‐3p attenuates MI/RI via inhibiting CCNT2, which may renew the existed knowledge of MI/RI‐related mechanism and provide a novel guidance toward MI/RI treatment.
Parcellation‐based anatomic model of the semantic network
Authors: Milton Camille K. , Dhanaraj Vukshitha , Young Isabella M. , Taylor Hugh M. , Nicholas Peter J. , Briggs Robert G. , Bai Michael Y. , Fonseka Rannulu D. , Hormovas Jorge , Lin Yueh‐Hsin , Tanglay Onur , Conner Andrew K. , Glenn Chad A. , Teo Charles , Doyen Stéphane , Sughrue Michael E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe semantic network is an important mediator of language, enabling both speech production and the comprehension of multimodal stimuli. A major challenge in the field of neurosurgery is preventing semantic deficits. Multiple cortical areas have been linked to semantic processing, though knowledge of network connectivity has lacked anatomic specificity. Using attentional task‐based fMRI studies, we built a neuroanatomical model of this network.MethodsOne hundred and fifty‐five task‐based fMRI studies related to categorization of visual words and objects, and auditory words and stories were used to generate an activation likelihood estimation (ALE). Cortical parcellations overlapping the ALE were used to construct a preliminary model of the semantic network based on the cortical parcellation scheme previously published under the Human Connectome Project. Deterministic fiber tractography was performed on 25 randomly chosen subjects from the Human Connectome Project, to determine the connectivity of the cortical parcellations comprising the network.ResultsThe ALE analysis demonstrated fourteen left hemisphere cortical regions to be a part of the semantic network: 44, 45, 55b, IFJa, 8C, p32pr, SFL, SCEF, 8BM, STSdp, STSvp, TE1p, PHT, and PBelt. These regions showed consistent interconnections between parcellations. Notably, the anterior temporal pole, a region often implicated in semantic function, was absent from our model.ConclusionsWe describe a preliminary cortical model for the underlying structural connectivity of the semantic network. Future studies will further characterize the neurotractographic details of the semantic network in the context of medical application.
Should we be less reactive about contrast reaction prophylaxis?
Authors: Grines Cindy L. , Marshall J Jeffrey 
Published: February 2021

Key Points
The risk of anaphylaxis from contrast allergy is very low, and there is little evidence to support the use of steroids for premedication.
Use of oral steroids prior to cardiac catheterization in diabetics is associated with more hyperglycemia and hypertension.
The long‐term consequences of steroid induced transient hyperglycemia is unknown.
Linking the right education to right heart catheterization
Authors: Lange Richard A. , Mukherjee Debabrata 
Published: February 2021

Key Points
Simulation based education (SBE) allows novice cardiology fellows to achieve a right heart catheterization skill level similar to that of a senior cardiology fellow in a short period of time.
With SBE, novice fellows acquire knowledge of hemodynamic waveform interpretation and the confidence of a senior level trainee.
SBE (i.e., during the first month of training) prepares fellows before patient contact.
The incidence, natural history, and predictive factors for tissue protrusion after drug‐eluting stent implantation
Authors: Otagaki Munemitsu , Fujii Kenichi , Matsumura Koichiro , Noda Teppei , Shibutani Hiroki , Hashimoto Kenta , Morishita Shun , Tsujimoto Satoshi , Yamamoto Yoshihiro , Park Haengnam , Yoshioka Kei , Shiojima Ichiro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectives and backgroundAlthough tissue protrusion (TP) between the stent struts after stent implantation has been implicate as a potential factor of stent failure, the incidence, natural history, and predictive factor of TP after stent implantation remains unclear. This prospective study evaluated the fate of TP after drug‐eluting stent (DES) deployment using optical coherence tomography (OCT).Method and resultThis study analyzed TP for 42 lesions after DES in which three serial OCTs, including preprocedure, postprocedure, and 1‐month after the procedure were performed. TP was classified into the five groups: (a) persistent, (b) progressive, (c) healed, (d) regressive, and (e) late‐acquired. Immediately after the procedure, 100 TPs in 37 lesions (88%) were identified. Of those, 53 (53%) were persistent, 3 (3%) were progressive, 20 (20%) were healed, and 24 (24%) were regressed at 1‐month follow‐up. Seven TPs in five patients (13%) were observed only at 1‐month follow‐up (late‐acquired).ConclusionIn lesions with late‐acquired TP, calcified nodule was identified as an underlying plaque morphology on preprocedural OCT. A serial OCT analysis found TP occurred not only immediately after DES implantation, but also 1‐month after DES implantation.
Superselective adrenal arterial embolization for idiopathic hyperaldosteronism: 12‐month results from a proof‐of‐principle trial
Authors: Dong Hui , Zou Yubao , He Jining , Deng Yu , Chen Yang , Song Lei , Xu Bo , Gao Runlin , Jiang Xiongjing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the safety, blood pressure changes, and biochemical responses of superselective adrenal artery embolization (SAAE) in hypertensive patients with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA).BackgroundSAAE is a minimally invasive procedure that has been used to successfully treat aldosterone‐producing adenoma. However, its effect for patients with IHA is unevaluated.MethodsA total of 41 hypertensive patients who were diagnosed with IHA and underwent SAAE at the Fuwai Hospital between December 2010 and June 2016 were prospectively enrolled. The blood pressure, antihypertensive medications, plasma aldosterone and potassium levels, and adverse events were assessed. The primary endpoint was the change in home blood pressure at 12 months, compared with baseline.ResultsSAAE was technically successful in 39 patients. Postoperatively, home and 24‐hr mean blood pressures were reduced by 14/9 and 10/7 mmHg at 1 month, respectively, and by 13/7 and 11/7 mmHg at 12 months, respectively. The number of antihypertensive agents used reduced by 1.0 and 1.1 at 1 month and 12 months, respectively (all p < .001). Compared with baseline (524.0 pmol/L), the standing plasma aldosterone reduced to 293.4 pmol/L at 12 months (p < .001). Serum potassium increased from 3.0 to 4.1 mmol/L while the rate of potassium supplement and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist use reduced from 87.1 and 89.7%, respectively, to 28.2 and 17.9%, respectively, at 12 months (all p < .001). There were no serious complications in the perioperative and 12‐month follow‐up periods.ConclusionsSAAE was effective and feasible for IHA treatment, without serious complications, therefore, maybe a potential treatment.
External carotid artery stenting in patients with ipsilateral internal carotid artery occlusion: Peri‐operative and 12‐month follow‐up
Authors: Dong Hui , Jiang Xiongjing , Zou Yubao , Chen Yang , He Jining , Deng Yu , Xu Bo , Gao Runlin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of external carotid artery (ECA) stenting in patients with ipsilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion.BackgroundIn patients with ICA occlusion, severe ipsilateral ECA stenosis may exacerbate pre‐existing cerebral ischemia and cognitive impairment. It remains unclear whether ECA stenting to normalize ECA collaterals to the cerebralis alleviates cerebral ischemia and improves cognitive function.MethodsFrom January 2008 to June 2019, we retrospectively collected clinical data of 36 consecutive patients with ipsilateral ICA occlusion who had undergone ECA stenting (mean age, 66.7 ± 8.3 years; males, n = 26 [72.2%]). Neurocognitive test results, including Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) tests, symptom assessment, and adverse events were recorded.ResultsECA stenting was successful in all 36 patients. Intra‐operatively, six (16.7%) patients experienced hemodynamic depression during balloon dilation and recovered completely within 2 days. Within a 12‐month follow‐up period, two patients experienced a transient ischemic attack, one patient had a contralateral minor stroke, and 33 patients remained asymptomatic. No other adverse events occurred in the peri‐operative or follow‐up periods. Compared with baseline, significant MMSE (25.3 ± 1.3 vs. 23.6 ± 1.7; p < .05) and MOCA (24.1 ± 1.3 vs. 22.8 ± 1.7; p < .05) test score improvements were observed 3 months post‐operatively and were maintained throughout follow‐up.ConclusionsECA stenting may improve cerebral ischemia and cognitive function in patients with severe ECA stenosis and ipsilateral ICA occlusion; however, further research is required to support our findings.
Atypical presentation of ileocecal volvulus in a postpartum woman: a case report
Authors: Shirazi Mahboobeh , Feizabad Elham , Amini Harandi Maboubeh , Torkzaban Mehnoosh , Sharifi Maryam , Shirazi Mohammad , Ghaemi Marjan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractVolvulus appears with unusual symptoms in pregnancy and postpartum, and if the clinicians do not consider it, the patient becomes complicated quickly. It seems that volvulus may cause obstetrics complications such as preterm delivery.
Cardiac magnetic resonance findings in coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Rezaeian Nahid , Hosseini Leila , Asadian Sanaz 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA subgroup of COVID‐19 patients with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging evidence of myocardial inflammation may exhibit subendocardial fibrosis, compatible with myocardial infarction, while epicardial coronary arteries are normal.
α‐Co(OH)2 Thin‐Layered Cactus‐Like Nanostructures Wrapped Ni3S2 Nanowires: A Robust and Potential Catalyst for Electro‐oxidation of Hydrazine
Authors: Xie Yichun , Wang Zining , Wang Hui , Lu Lei , Subramanian Palaniappan , Ji Shan , Kannan Palanisamy 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIt is of significant urgency to fabricate highly active catalysts for electro‐oxidation of hydrazine for application in direct hydrazine fuel cells (DHFCs). Thus, in this work we grow three‐dimensional (3‐D) α‐Co(OH)2 thin‐layered cactus‐like nanostructures (shell) on the surface of Ni3S2 nanowires (core) enveloped nickel (Ni) foam substrate. HRTEM images clearly reveal that the α‐Co(OH)2 thin‐layered cactus‐like nanostructures (shell) are evenly surrounded on the surface of Ni3S2 nanowires (core). Notably, α‐Co(OH)2/Ni3S2 thin‐layered cactus‐like nanowires modified Ni foam displays an enhanced electro‐oxidation of hydrazine (340 mA current response and the onset oxidation potential of −1.10 V) than α‐Co(OH)2 sponge‐like, and Ni3S2 nanowire structures. The obtained enhanced electro‐catalytic response is mainly due to its electron rich Ni active centers, larger electrochemically active surface area, higher electrical conductivity, and porous surface‐structure formed by growing α‐Co(OH)2 thin‐layered cactus‐like nanostructures on the Ni3S2 nanowires, henceforth increasing the inherent activity and the number of available active sites/spots. Further, the α‐Co(OH)2/Ni3S2 thin‐layered cactus‐like nanowire catalyst shows notable stability (stable for more than a week) towards electro‐oxidation of hydrazine. Thus, as fabricated cactus‐like thin‐layered α‐Co(OH)2/Ni3S2 core‐shell nanowires catalyst can be considered as potential and robust catalyst for electro‐oxidation of hydrazine.
Regenerativer Strom aus Deutschland oder e‐Fuels aus Chile: Worauf sollte die zukünftige Mobilität bauen?
Authors: Machhammer Otto 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDeutschland wird wahrscheinlich seinen zukünftigen Bedarf an regenerativem Strom nicht selbst decken können. Der Stromtransport aus Gegenden mit großem Erzeugungspotenzial für regenerativen Strom ist sehr teuer. Der Transport von e‐Fuels, wie Methanol, Benzin, Diesel oder Wasserstoff, ist hingegen billig, weil bis hin zu den Tankstellen auf eine bestehende Infrastruktur zurückgegriffen werden kann und der Transport von Flüssigkeiten über weite Strecken wesentlich kostengünstiger ist als der Transport von Strom. Bezieht man diese Randbedingungen in eine auf Prozesssimulationen basierende Kostenrechnung mit ein, ergeben sich für e‐Fuels, die in windreichen Gegenden Chiles erzeugt und an die deutschen Tankstellen geliefert werden, geringere spezifische Energiekosten als für regenerativen Strom, der in Deutschland erzeugt und über ein entsprechend ausgebautes Stromnetz an die Ladestationen transportiert wird.
Sudden cardiac death in HIV‐infected patients: A contemporary review
Authors: Narla Venkata A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHIV‐infected individuals have an increased risk of sudden cardiac death compared to the general population; yet the mechanisms underlying this increased risk remain unclear. The mechanisms underlying the heightened sudden cardiac death risk in HIV‐infected individuals is likely multifactorial. We reviewed the literature to elucidate and summarize the potential mechanisms contributing to sudden cardiac death in the HIV patient population. There is biologic plausibility that the following mechanisms may be contributing to the significantly heightened risk of sudden cardiac death in HIV to varying degrees: ventricular arrhythmias, myocardial fibrosis and scar, prolonged QTc interval (both as a direct effect of HIV on repolarization as well as a result of concurrent medications/antiretroviral therapies), substance abuse, structural heart disease, and premature atherosclerosis. Further understanding of the mechanisms underlying the increased sudden cardiac death risk in HIV can lead to identification of modifiable risk factors, implementation of public health programs, and potential revision of ICD implantation guidelines to ultimately reduce the incidence of sudden cardiac death in HIV‐infected patients. Further studies are needed to assess the relative contribution of each of these mechanisms and risk factors.
Oral side effects of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy (ICIT): An analysis of 4683 patients receiving ICIT for malignancies at Massachusetts General Hospital, Brigham & Women's Hospital, and the Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute, 2011 to 2019
Authors: Xu Yuanming , Wen Natalie , Sonis Stephen T. , Villa Alessandro 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are increasingly accepted as a treatment option for several cancers. Although various systemic immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) have been characterized, the effect of ICIs on the oral cavity and contiguous structures is still poorly understood.MethodsElectronic medical records of 4683 patients in the Mass General Brigham Registered Patient Data Registry who received ICI therapy (ICIT) between December 2011 and September 2019 were reviewed. Reports of oral conditions were categorized into oral mucosal disorders, xerostomia, and dysgeusia. After applying exclusion criteria, demographic characteristics and clinical features were summarized for the patients who had oral irAEs.ResultsIn total, 317 patients developed oral conditions that were associated with ICIT (incidence, 6.8%; 317 of 4683 patients). These conditions included xerostomia (68.5%), oral mucosal disorders (33.4%), and dysgeusia (24.0%). In patients with oral irAEs, respiratory cancer (28.4%) was the most common primary cancer, followed by melanoma (26.2%), and head and neck cancer (14.8%). Oral mucosal disorders developed after the initiation of ICIT between 2 and 851 days (between 1 and 1332 days in patients with xerostomia and between 1 and 1455 days in patients with dysgeusia). Of all oral irAEs, 50.9% developed within 3 months, and 85.5% developed within 12 months.ConclusionsOral side effects appear to be more common among patients who receive ICIT than has been previously reported. Concomitant cytotoxic regimens may exacerbate the risk of oral adverse events, perhaps representing the sum of the effects of different, but simultaneous or sequential, pathogenic mechanisms. Additional studies are warranted to better characterize oral irAEs and their biologic basis.
Racial disparity in prostate cancer in the African American population with actionable ideas and novel immunotherapies
Authors: Dovey Zachary S. , Nair Sujit S. , Chakravarty Dimple , Tewari Ashutosh K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundAfrican Americans (AAs) in the United States are known to have a higher incidence and mortality for Prostate Cancer (PCa). The drivers of this epidemiological disparity are multifactorial, including socioeconomic factors leading to lifestyle and dietary issues, healthcare access problems, and potentially tumor biology.Recent findingsAlthough recent evidence suggests once access is equal, AA men have equal outcomes to Caucasian American (CA) men, differences in PCa incidence remain, and there is much to do to reverse disparities in mortality across the USA. A deeper understanding of these issues, both at the clinical and molecular level, can facilitate improved outcomes in the AA population. This review first discusses PCa oncogenesis in the context of its diverse hallmarks before benchmarking key molecular and genomic differences for PCa in AA men that have emerged in the recent literature. Studies have emphasized the importance of tumor microenvironment that contributes to both the unequal cancer burden and differences in clinical outcome between the races. Management of comorbidities like obesity, hypertension, and diabetes will provide an essential means of reducing prostate cancer incidence in AA men. Although requiring further AA specific research, several new treatment strategies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors used in combination PARP inhibitors and other emerging vaccines, including Sipuleucel‐T, have demonstrated some proven efficacy.ConclusionGenomic profiling to integrate clinical and genomic data for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment will allow physicians to plan a “Precision Medicine” approach to AA men. There is a pressing need for further research for risk stratification, which may allow early identification of AA men with higher risk disease based on their unique clinical, genomic, and immunological profiles, which can then be mapped to appropriate clinical trials. Treatment options are outlined, with a concise description of recent work in AA specific populations, detailing several targeted therapies, including immunotherapy. Also, a summary of current clinical trials involving AA men is presented, and it is important that policies are adopted to ensure that AA men are actively recruited. Although it is encouraging that many of these explore the lifestyle and educational initiatives and therapeutic interventions, there is much still work to be done to reduce incidence and mortality in AA men and equalize current racial disparities.