bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supporting the use of algorithmic design in architecture: An empirical study of reuse of design knowledge
Authors:   , Globa Anastasia 
Published: November 2021

<p>This thesis tests the reuse of design knowledge as a method to support learning and use of algorithmic design in architecture. The use of algorithmic design systems and programming environments offer architects immense opportunities, providing a powerful means to create geometries and allowing dynamic design exploration, but it can also impose substantial challenges. Architects often struggle with adopting algorithmic design methods (translating a design idea into an algorithm of actions), as well as with the implementation of programming languages, the latter often proving frustrating and creating barriers for both novice and advanced software users. The proposition explored in this thesis is that the reuse of design knowledge can improve architects’ ability to use algorithmic design systems, and reduce the barriers for using programming. This study explores and compares two approaches as a means of accessing and reusing existing design solutions. The first approach is the reuse of abstract algorithmic ‘Design Patterns’. The second is the reuse of algorithmic solutions from specific design cases (Case-Based Design). The research was set up as an experimental comparative study between three test groups: one group using Design Patterns, a second group using Case-Based Design, and the control group. A total of 126 designers participated in the study providing sufficient numbers within each group to permit rigorous studies of the statistical significance of the observed differences. Results of this study illustrate that the systematic inclusion of the Design Patterns approach to the learning strategy of programming in architecture and design, proves to be highly beneficial. The use of abstract solutions improves designers’ ability to overcome programming barriers, and helps architects to adopt algorithmic design methods. The use of Design Patterns also encourages design exploration and experimentation. The use of the Case-Based Design approach seems to be more effective after designers and architects, who are novices in programming, gain more experience with the tool. It encourages more focused reasoning, oriented to the realisation of a particular (originally intended) design outcome. The contribution of this research is to provide empirical evidence that the reuse of abstract and case-based algorithmic solutions can be very beneficial. Results of this study illustrate that both reuse methods can be strategically integrated into design education and architectural practice, supporting learning and use of algorithmic design systems in architecture. The study also identifies potential weaknesses of each approach, proposing areas which could be addressed by future studies.</p>
Attorney_General and Gow v Leigh : lifting the veil of parliamentary privilege and Parliament's response
Authors:   , Fonua Seinimili Tu'i'onetoa 
Published: November 2021

<p>Parliament in its exclusive cognizance can legislate for anything it sees fit. However this paper finds that the New Zealand Parliament had the opportunity in Attorney-General and Gow v Leigh to balance political needs and respect for individual rights rather than to adopt a reactionary attitude in enacting the Parliamentary Privilege Act 2014. It would be appropriate for Parliament to closely examine the efficacy of the “necessity test” in Leigh in the light of the implication of the codification of the definition of “proceedings in parliament” on the scope of parliamentary privilege as the experiences by the Australian jurisdictions showed. On the other hand, the court’s obligations under the Bill of Rights Act, 1990 might result in the Parliamentary Privilege Act 2014 being interpreted in ways that the lawmakers might not have intended. This paper examines the public/private dichotomy between the public interest justification for parliamentary immunity and the individual’s right to have access to remedy, in the context of the underpinning features of the “necessity” test that give precedence to basic individual rights. The test being; any claim for absolute privilege for an occasion that occurs outside absolutely privileged spheres (Parliament and its committees) that could result in depriving citizens of their basic rights, had to be necessary as in the sense of “essential” for the proper functioning of the core roles of the House. In conclusion, this paper finds that the contentious issues revolve around comity. It then attempts to address the interests of the three stakeholders in the Leigh decision; the individual citizen, the judiciary and the legislature by recommending a number of comity “best practice” reforms to the House’s Standing Orders and the Parliamentary Privilege Act 2014.</p>
Who the hell is Hades? An examination of Hades' reception within modern film
Authors:   , Gordon Joel 
Published: November 2021

<p>This thesis seeks to engage with modern receptions of Hades, the ancient god of the underworld, within the medium of film. Although reception studies encompasses a broad variety of themes and subject matters, filmic characterisation (especially that of a deity) is presently an under-represented topic. Hades’ unique persona provides further incentive for this study; not only does he hold an ambiguous position within antiquity but this is similarly echoed throughout much of Hollywood’s own history, up until the turn of the 21st century. Hades’ filmic persona has, however, received a revitalisation within modern blockbusters which draw their inspiration from ancient Greek mythology. With prominent appearances in the likes of Disney’s Hercules (1997), Percy Jackson and the Lightning Thief (2010), Clash of the Titans (2010) and Wrath of the Titans (2012), Hades has now become a staple character within the film industry. Hades’ recent stardom is not without issues. It appears that mass culture has freely refashioned Hades’ mythic persona in order to better fit a particular cinematic presentation, epitomised by Hades’ association with the Judeo-Christian Devil. I will argue, however, that the figure which has resulted does not have to be viewed as marking a rupture with classical thought but should be seen rather as a continuation of Greek mythological concerns. While this suggestion, following Martin Winkler’s theory of neo-mythologism, is not particularly original, I seek to explore it in an entirely new manner, highlighting the iconographical and narrative tropes which define Hades’ filmic persona. This requires a unique approach, one not yet found within contemporary scholarship. In drawing upon modern film theory for inspiration, this thesis seeks to engage with Hades’ reception while letting the medium in question shape the methodology. Such considerations should be fundamental to reception studies.</p>
DUPLICATE DO NOT PUBLISH - China and New Regionalism in Africa - Conflict or Coherence?
Authors:   , Griffiths Adam 
Published: November 2021

<p>What is Africa's best hope for advancing its development initiatives? Should each state seek to compete independently on the world stage? Should they seek to forge relationships with external partners and the power players in the world economy on a one-to-one basis? Or should they work together in conjunction with the economic giants of the globalised economy? Of these three possible approaches this article seeks to investigate the third. Can the African states use a regional approach to economic development whilst still engaging and benefitting from external benefactors? Or will the traditional and developing powerhouses in the world economy simply use Africa's efforts at regional integration as a way to garner favour and preferential access to African markets and resources? In the post colonial and post independence period, many African states sought to work with the former colonialists overlords in an attempt to develop their economies through a regional approach. Many of these attempts created little real benefit to the African peoples themselves. In the wake of these failed attempts at development via the perceived benefits of regional integration, new movements developed. A new approach to regionalism has appeared in the last three decades, whose hallmarks are quite different to the old approaches to regionalism. It is the intent of this article to make an empirical investigation into the progress of these new approaches to regional integration or 'the new regionalism' as it is often dubbed. I also wish to add a further element to this investigation. The 'old regionalism' traditionally featured African states seeking trade policy rationalisation/integration/development under the tutelage and patronage of the western states. However, one of key characteristics of the 'new regionalism' is that new partnerships between developing economies and the African states are emerging. These partnerships have the ability to either greatly help the African states in the path to development through regional integration, or they may hinder and derail these attempts. To this end I wish to investigate the greatest 'developing' economy in the world and its impact on Africa's regionalisation projects. I am referring here to China. China has shown interest in Africa as a continent that has huge potential and as one that can provide great benefit to China's rapid economic growth and expansion. To this end it seems particularly relevant to investigate how China seeks to expand its ties and increase its presence in the area. As both Africa and China can be seen as 'developing', albeit both at very different levels, it should be particularly interesting to see how these two geographical and demographic juggernauts work together in the pursuit of their own developments ...</p>
Towards Spectacular Nationality: Media Production of Korean Nationality through the 2002 World Cup
Authors:   , Hong Sun-ha 
Published: November 2021

<p>This paper explores the role of the media in the production of Korean nationality during the 2002 World Cup. It suggests that the media coverage helped organise a spectacle of consumption, which became the primary means by which Korean nationality was articulated and understood. This study brings together research in media and Korean studies and aims to contribute to a timely understanding of nationality that recognises both its intimate connection with media and consumer culture and its normative and taxonomic function. The study elaborates a hybrid theoretical framework of a ‘system of signs’, which draws from Michel Foucault’s analysis of power and normalisation and the ideas of spectacle and simulacrum by Guy Debord and Jean Baudrillard. The study examines two key cases of nationality production. Firstly, the ‘Red Devils’ and millions of street supporters that celebrated Korean victories were appropriated by the media to produce internally oriented affirmations of Korean identity and values that doubled as an entertainment spectacle. Secondly, the cult of admiration around the foreign manager Hiddink demonstrated how discourses of globalisation contribute to a social imaginary of global nationalities that compelled Koreans to judge their own nationality against the standards of the sŏnjin’guk (‘advanced nations’).</p>
Projection: Architecture of Intimacy
Authors:   , Revie Penelope Katherine 
Published: November 2021

<p>This thesis unravels ties between the individual and architecture. Offering an architectural demonstration of and for the body. The primary goal is to challenge the conventional relationship of architecture as a form of housing for the body, exploring the possibility of the body's dynamism in respect to movement, transformation, and reaction, informing an intimate architecture of the individual and highlighting the importance of a personalised architectural condition. The boundary between the individual and architecture is explored through the idea of intimacy. Intimacy becomes the goal of a relationship that is intrinsic to the body. Through intimacy this provides security and comfort for the individual. The individual is projected upon architecture to create an intimate environment. The research is grounded by three main themes: Firstly 'proximity', the degree to which the interface between the body and architecture can become intrinsically tied. Secondly 'speed', the movement of the body in relation to architecture as a static form. And lastly 'duration', the flexibility and adaptability of possible architectural solutions. Each of these themes is developed in the research chapters and explored from both a written and visual narrative. The 'Chair' is adopted as a familiar object which allows for discussion and development of ideas. The chair becomes a means of developing the argument, and demonstrating these ideas through imagery and text. A train carriage is the apparatus which will be used as a vehicle for the design exploration. A train carriage has been identified as being a transitory zone for the individual, and therefore, employed as the point of departure for further design experiments, tying the three themes of proximity, speed, and duration together. The train carriage acts as a conceit; a way of describing and demonstrating ideas through extended metaphors. The design is revealed through diagrams of components used within the housing of the individual, then further presented with varying scenes exploring the dynamic possibilities of an architectural interpretation. This research informs and demonstrates a design initiative which emphasises the poetic form of individuals and their bodies within the architectural discipline. Bringing to light the importance and possibility of the fluctuations of the body, in constant movement and evolution to the discipline of architecture. Allowing for intimacy of the body to be defined in unison with architecture, a growing spatial relationship with the individual.</p>
The Museum of Me: Architecture and the Publicity of the Private
Authors:   , Wagstaff Mitchell 
Published: November 2021

<p>Both architecture and privacy express ideals of personal, social, and cultural identity. From the development of virtual social environments has emerged new boundaries between the public and private. Consequently, this progression has shifted the historical normalities of privacy. While architecture appears to develop within its own conditions of creating material expressions, it has yet to show awareness of the reality and developments of our contemporary social environments. This thesis addresses the shifting boundary between public and private through an architectural enquiry. It proposes that the traditional boundary between public and private be re-evaluated in conjunction with contemporary social norms, focusing on the contemporary notion of publicity and control. This thesis explores the design of a public museum as a manifestation of contemporary society. It establishes an appropriate relationship between public and private situating itself as a mediator. It builds upon the influence of the theoretical and conceptual means through an architectural analysis and experimentation to find one architectural design solution that re-configures the public and private boundary. The outcome of this research reflects a new boundary between public and private; however it states that its spatial and organisational form needs to engage with contemporary society. It finds that online social environments offer new opportunities useful for the re-configuration of boundaries between public and private. This thesis concludes that the new mediation of virtual environments does not limit architecture, but rather presents a new space that mediates and reflects contemporary social interaction.</p>
Micro-Living: Learning to Live Large in Small Spaces
Authors:   , Richmond Simon 
Published: November 2021

<p>High-density living has always been proclaimed as a way of the future, but the future is now here and we are plagued by inadequate, uninviting city-living environments. This design research paper aims to produce an alternate design method that can be applied to apartment living in New Zealand to produce positive, affordable apartment designs. The late 20th and early 21st centuries has seen urban New Zealand become an increasingly popular place to live. Large numbers are drawn to the cities by the convenience of closer proximity to amenities and greater job prospects. This urbanisation overlaps with the constant growth of the country’s overall population which, combined, puts pressure on cities as land becomes an increasingly rare commodity. In response, cities often expand outward. The negative effect of this has been heavily documented. The introduction of high density living solutions has attempted to combat the ever increasing ‘suburban sprawl.’ Many apartment complexes have risen in response to this demand, especially in the cities of Auckland and Wellington. However, this is where the problem develops. A large proportion of smaller, more affordable apartments have been identifi ed to be poorly designed, producing low quality spaces and unsatisfactory living environments. Moreover, the public perception of these ‘shoebox’ apartments is highly negative. This research not only investigates the issues associated with the small apartments in New Zealand but seeks to improve upon them by learning from an international precedent. The Japanese architectural movement of Kyosho-Jutaku or Micro-living provides urban accommodation through space effi cient stand-alone dwellings. These dwellings were developed in response to the harsh urban and economic conditions in the early 1990s and continue to be built throughout Japan’s urban prefectures. The architects of Japanese micro-architecture approach small spaces with design strategies resulting in interiors which appear expansive beyond their physical limits and produce quality living environments. Through the analysis and diagrammatic formulation of these Japanese micro-architecture design strategies, this research aims to produce an applicable technique for ‘micro’ design in New Zealand. The contexts are removed allowing the singular strategies to be understood and manipulated, expanding the design possibilities for each technique. Ultimately, this thesis tests the applicability of planning and spatial design strategies, adapted from Japanese micro-architecture, to a New Zealand context in the development of small, high quality urban apartments.</p>
Resistance to microtubule-stabilising agents following point mutation of human βI-tubulin
Authors:   , Rowe Matthew R. 
Published: November 2021

<p>Marine environments represent a rich source of bioactive secondary metabolites that may be harnessed for use in a therapeutic context. Two novel compounds, peloruside A and laulimalide, isolated from the marine sponges Mycale hentsheli and Cacospongia mycofijiensis, respectively, both demonstrate useful pharmacological properties in mammalian cells. These compounds share major similarities with microtubule-stabilising agents. Like other agents in this class, peloruside A and laulimalide bind to the β-tubulin subunit of microtubules, the primary cytoskeletal element of eukaryotic cells. These compounds enhance polymerisation dynamics between ternary microtubule structures and severely hinder necessary cytoskeletal rearrangements within the cell. Over the course of a patient’s treatment, cancerous cells may develop multi-drug resistance phenotypes. P-glycoprotein drug efflux pumps play a major role in the development of therapy resistance in many cancers, as the current generation microtubule-stabilising agents are easily removed from diseased cells by upregulated efflux mechanisms. Unlike agents already in clinical application, both peloruside A and laulimalide are poor substrates for removal by these mechanisms, making them and their synthetic derivatives interesting as potential treatments for drug-resistant tumours. Peloruside A and laulimalide exhibit potent nanomolar anti-mitotic activities in vitro and arrest cell cycle progression in G₂/M phase, leading to cell death – a characteristic mode of action among microtubule-stabilising agents. Unlike all known agents in this class, peloruside A and laulimalide share a secondary, unique binding region in β-tubulin. In the past decade our understanding of this region has developed, revealing a second, unique mechanism for stabilisation of microtubules. Using mammalian cells to model physiological tubulin, the present study investigates the predicted role of aspartic acid 297 of human βI-tubulin in the binding association of both peloruside A and laulimalide. This particular amino acid is predicted to hydrogen bond with both compounds, contributing to their activity as stabilisers. It was revealed that the introduction of a point mutation in D297 resulted in a small but highly consistent resistance phenotype to both compounds, but not to microtubule-stabilising agents that bind to the traditional, taxoid site on β-tubulin. It was concluded that aspartic acid 297 is likely to be one of the amino acids directly involved in the binding association of peloruside A and laulimalide to β-tubulin, contributing partial compound stabilisation. The rational synthesis of future analogues may benefit from these findings in the design of molecules with enhanced interactions at this particular amino acid residue.</p>
Freedom Of Expression And Freedom Of Movement In The Immigration Space: Substance Over Forum
Authors:   , Cross Nicholas 
Published: November 2021

<p>Globalisation and the availability of information through television and the internet have been a boon for the spread of ideas and for freedom of expression. These trends have also created challenges for the regulation of expression. Those with hateful views or harmful information have just as much access to modern communication tools as the rest of us. How policy makers respond to the free flow of information raises a multitude of questions. However there is no doubt that the state still holds the upper hand in controlling the freedom of movement between borders. Despite the availability of information technology there is still a need for interpersonal communication to facilitate the freedom of expression. The freedom of movement is therefore important to enabling the freedom of expression, and states can restrict the later by restricting the former. The aim of this paper is to comprehensively scrutinise the different approaches taken to regulating freedom of movement for the purpose of regulating freedom of expression. It looks with judicial reviews within common law jurisdictions and how the issue is managed within their existing human rights legal frameworks. Firstly the paper will lay out a preferred approach to dealing with the regulation of freedom of expression in an immigration context, bearing in mind the rights which states have to control their borders and the justifications for doing so. The approach places strong emphasis on protecting the freedom of expression for all groups without seeking to challenge the existence or legitimacy of the ways states choose to regulate expression within their borders. It suggests that regulation should be limited to situations where it is likely that the visitor would choose to break the laws of the state they seek to visit, or where their visit could spark disruption involving violence which could not reasonably be controlled by law enforcement. Secondly the paper will examine four cases from two common law jurisdictions in detail. There is an emphasis on understanding two themes. The first is explaining the broader context of human rights protection within those jurisdictions and how their approach to immigration control reflects or contradicts that protection. The second is upon critiquing and understanding the administrative law implications of the standards of review applied. Reference is made back to the preferred framework to help understand to what extent the cases stand for genuine protection of freedom of expression.</p>