bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In search of the Self à deux: the narcissistic collusion and impeded individuation
Authors: Nørby Karolina 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the question of why the pattern of narcissistic object‐relating (collusion) develops early in life and how it may impact the lifelong process of individuation. Narcissistic adult couple relationships are one of the arenas in which unresolved aspects of the past, alive in the present, are unconsciously brought and endlessly repeated with intensity. Adult relationships are often formed in the hope that both partners will wipe out their old wounds. However, despite apparent differences in overt social functioning, people unconsciously tend to select partners who are at the same basic level of personality differentiation, but who have opposite patterns of defensive organization. Primitive defences and projections, which are played out by the narcissistic couple, become a substitute for true identity. They can rigidify or disrupt the ego‐Self axis rendering it inflexible. These dynamics inhibit the ability of the ego to gain access to the unconscious, and the Self to get access to the ego, disrupting the possibility of emergence of a dialogical relationship. This process creates obstacles to growth and individuation, which leads this author to suggest the notion of ‘impeded individuation’ in narcissism.
Synergistic effect of hypocrellin B and curcumin on photodynamic inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Li Yali , Xu Yi , Liao Qiaoming , Xie Mengmeng , Tao Han , Wang Hui‐Li 
Published: January 2021

SummaryAntimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) serves as a new approach to control the growth of foodborne bacteria. It remains elusive if the photodynamic efficacy of hypocrellin B (HB) can be potentiated by joint action with curcumin. In this study, we measured the survival rate of Staphylococcus aureus strains under the varying photodynamic conditions. According to our data, a maximum of 5–6 log10 decrease of bacterial survival can be achieved under the tested conditions (500 nM, 9 J cm‒2). Regarding the bactericidal mechanisms, HB‐based aPDI disrupted the membrane integrity of staphylococcal cells, probably owing to the stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, aPDI disrupted the enzymatic activities of bacterial antioxidant proteins and caused the leakage of multiple intracellular substances. The HB‐mediated photodynamic efficacy was potentiated by the addition of curcumin with a sublethal dose. This dual‐photon synergy arose from unique aPDI conditions (100 nM each and 9 J cm‒2). The synergistic action might be accounted for by the increased type I/type II ratio of ROS, as evidenced by the effect of different quenchers. Finally, the joint use of photosensitizers reduced the microbial contamination of the tested apple while maintaining its quality. In summary, photodynamic inactivation based on dual photons showed synergistic activity in controlling the growth of Staphylococcal aureus, which provided a novel approach to maintain food safety.
Evolutionary and terminological analysis of the flexor digitorum superficialis, interflexorii and palmaris longus muscles in kinkajou (Potos flavus) and crab‐eating racoon (Procyon cancrivorus)
Authors: Perdomo‐Cárdenas Valentina , Patiño‐Holguín Catalina , Vélez‐García Juan Fernando 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe kinkajou (Potos flavus) and crab‐eating raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus) are carnivores belonging to the family Procyonidae, but both species are characterized by different types of locomotion. Differences can be found in the adaptations that these two species present in the forearm muscles, such as the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS), palmaris longus (PL) and interflexorii (IF), which have been described confusingly in previous studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe these muscles in both species together with their innervations to carry out an evolutionary and terminological analysis among carnivorans. Both thoracic limbs were dissected from five P. flavus and three P. cancrivorus that had died of natural causes in Wildlife Care Centers. Two PL muscles (m. palmaris longus lateralis, PLL, and m. palmaris longus medialis, PLM) were found in P. flavus, and the IF were the only superficial flexors of the digits, whereas P. cancrivorus presented the IF and two bellies homologous to the two PLs of P. flavus, where the homologous belly of the PLM sent tendons to digits II–IV. Therefore, it was considered as the FDS due to its similarity to other carnivorans, and the lateral belly is the only PL present in P. cancrivorus. The topology, attachments and innervation of these muscles in P. flavus and P. cancrivorus allowed homologies to be established, hypothesizing their evolutionary derivation from the FDS. It also allowed the differences among PL, FDS and IF muscles to be described, concluding that most carnivorans do not have a PL.
Testing the reliability of the Health Literacy Questionnaire with carers of older adults receiving hospital care
Authors: Burton Elissa , Toye Christine , Slatyer Susan , Ferrari Jacinto Alessandro , du Preez Janice , Bronson Mary , Hill Keith D 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the re‐test reliability of the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) with carers of older adults discharged from hospital or attending the outpatient clinic.MethodsCarers completed the HLQ twice by telephone and rated the acceptability of completing the tool. Tool completion time was recorded. Correlations were calculated between the test occasions using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsFifty‐one carers of older patients participated. The HLQ showed good reliability (ICC = 0.75‐0.90) for seven of the nine scales and moderate reliability (0.50‐0.74) for the other two scales. Median completion time was 16.5 minutes (range 9‐50), and acceptability was rated as 9.5/10.ConclusionThe HLQ is a reliable tool for use with carers of older adults attending hospital. However, the length of time for completion of the HLQ may limit its feasibility for use by hospital staff and carers, given the high stress and time pressures of acute care.
Exovent: a study of a new negative‐pressure ventilatory support device in healthy adults
Authors:   The Exovent Development Group
Published: January 2021

SummaryNegative‐pressure ventilation may have several advantages compared with positive‐pressure ventilation. Negative‐pressure ventilation simulates natural lung movements, does not require tracheal intubation and may reduce the incidence of barotrauma and adverse cardiovascular events. A group of engineers, doctors and nurses designed and bench‐tested the Exovent, a new, lightweight, torso‐only, negative‐pressure ventilatory support system. We aimed to test the comfort, nursing acceptability and ventilatory support capabilities of the Exovent in healthy adult volunteers. We measured the effect of continuous negative extra‐thoracic pressure on functional reserve capacity and the efficacy of ventilation produced by a combination of negative‐pressure ventilation and negative end‐expiratory pressure. Six members of the development team volunteered to test the device. The application of continuous negative extra‐thoracic pressure did not change tidal volumes from baseline levels; however, functional reserve capacity increased by a mean (SD) of 1.1 (0.05) ml.kg-1.cmH2O-1 (p = 0.0002). The combination of negative‐pressure ventilation and negative end−expiratory pressure produced effective ventilation, with the resting tidal volume being exceeded by the application of ‐4 cmH2O of extra‐thoracic negative pressure. All the volunteers found the experience comfortable and none had ventilator dysynchrony. The Exovent allowed good nursing and monitoring access and was comfortable in both the semi‐recumbent and prone positions. The Exovent delivered effective continuous negative extra‐thoracic pressure and negative‐pressure ventilation plus negative end‐expiratory pressure to healthy adults. Further trials are needed to investigate the clinical utility of the device.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: effectiveness of anti‐inflammatory therapy in immune checkpoint inhibitor‐induced enterocolitis
Authors: Ibraheim Hajir , Baillie Samantha , Samaan Mark A. , Abu‐Sbeih Hamzah , Wang Yinghong , Talley Nicholas J. , P. Jones Michael , Powell Nick 
Published: January 2021

SummaryBackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionised cancer treatment, but at the cost of off‐target immune‐mediated organ damage. This includes checkpoint inhibitor‐induced enterocolitis which frequently requires hospitalisation and may be life‐threatening. Empiric treatment typically includes corticosteroids and infliximab, although no large‐scale studies have confirmed their effectiveness.AimTo investigate the effectiveness of anti‐inflammatory therapy in checkpoint inhibitor‐induced enterocolitisMethodsWe performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies reporting clinical outcomes of checkpoint inhibitor‐induced enterocolitis in adult cancer patients treated with anti‐inflammatory agents. We searched Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library through April and extracted the proportion of patients responding to anti‐inflammatory therapy. Variation in effect size was studied using a random‐effects meta‐regression analysis, with checkpoint inhibitor agent and tumour type as the variables.ResultsData were pooled from 1210 treated patients across 39 studies. Corticosteroids were effective in 59% (95% CI 54‐ 65) of patients, with response significantly more favourable in patients treated with anti‐PD‐1/L1 monotherapy, compared with anti‐CTLA‐4 containing regimens (78%, 95% CI 69‐85 vs 56 %, 95% CI 49‐63, P = 0.003), and more favourable in lung cancer patients compared with melanoma patients (88%, 95% CI 62‐97 vs 55%, 95% CI 47‐63, P = 0.04). Infliximab was effective in 81% (95% CI 73‐87) of patients, and vedolizumab in 85% (95% CI 60‐96).ConclusionCorticosteroids, infliximab and vedolizumab, are effective in the treatment of checkpoint inhibitor‐induced enterocolitis. Checkpoint inhibitor regimen and cancer type were significant moderators in response to corticosteroid therapy.
Evaluation of non‐linear growth curve models in the Vietnamese indigenous Mia chicken
Authors: Nguyen Hoang Thinh , Do Huong T. T. , Bui Doan H. , Pham Dang K. , Hoang Tuan A. , Do Duy N. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUnderstanding of animal growth is important for the improvement of management and feeding practices; however, little is known about the growth curve in Vietnamese indigenous chicken. This study was performed to determine the most appropriate models for describing the growth curve of Vietnamese Mia chicken. The study evaluated the performances of the Logistic, Gompertz, Richards, and Bridges models of body weights in 224 Mia chickens. Models were fitted using minpack.lm package in R software and Akaike’s information criterion and Bayesian information criterion were used for model comparison. Based on these criteria, the Gompertz and Bridges were the best models for males and females, respectively. Estimated asymmetric weights (α) were ranged from 2,241.91 ± 14.74 (g) (Logistic) to 2,623.86 ± 30.23 (g) (Gompertz) for males and from 1,537.36 ± 10.97 (g) (Logistic) and 1,958.36 ± 72.92 (g) (Bridges) for females, respectively. The age at the inflection point was estimated from 9.32 to 10.5 weeks and from 8.51 to 9.86 weeks for males and females, respectively. In conclusion, the Gompertz model is the most suitable model for describing the growth curve of Mia chicken. The parameters obtained from growth models could help define feeding programs to meet nutritional needs from hatching to the age of maximum growth, reproduction programs, and marketing strategies.
Men have ability, women are lucky: A pre‐registered experiment examining gender bias in knowledge attribution
Authors: Disher Natalie G. , Guerra Antonio L. , Haeffel Gerald J. 
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this experiment was to test the effect of gender on knowledge attribution using a Justified True Belief (JTB) framework. A 2 (gender: male, female) × 3 (knowledge case: knowledge control, Gettier, ignorance control) experimental design was used with a sample of 420 U.S. adults. Contrary to hypotheses, participants attributed similar levels of knowledge to male and female agents across all knowledge conditions; participants also rated males and females as equally likely to have the ‘right’ answer across knowledge conditions. However, knowledge was more likely to be attributed to luck (as opposed to ability) for female agents than it was for male agents across knowledge conditions and scenarios. This result suggests that while overt forms of gender bias may be fading, more covert forms still exist. Secondary analyses also showed that the JTB methodology was not robust to scenario type or knowledge condition. Comprehension was affected by both knowledge condition (knowledge vs. Gettier/ignorance) and the specific content of the hypothetical scenario presented (e.g., squirrel vs. jewelery). These confounds should be addressed in future JTB studies as it is possible that differences between knowledge and Gettier cases are due to misunderstanding the scenarios rather than beliefs about knowledge. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
IMpower132: Atezolizumab plus platinum‐based chemotherapy vs chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC in Japanese patients
Authors: Nishio Makoto , Saito Haruhiro , Goto Koichi , Watanabe Satoshi , Sueoka‐Aragane Naoko , Okuma Yusuke , Kasahara Kazuo , Chikamori Kenichi , Nakagawa Yuki , Kawakami Tomohisa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIMpower132 explored the safety and efficacy of atezolizumab plus pemetrexed and platinum‐based chemotherapy as first‐line treatment for advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Key eligibility criteria for the phase 3, open‐label, IMpower132 study included age ≥18 y, histologically or cytologically confirmed advanced non‐squamous NSCLC per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0/1, and no prior systemic treatment for stage IV NSCLC. Patients received atezolizumab (1200 mg) plus pemetrexed (500 mg/m2) and cisplatin (75 mg/m2) or carboplatin (area under the concentration curve, 6 mg/mL/min) (APP arm) or chemotherapy alone (PP arm). The co‐primary study endpoints were overall survival (OS) and investigator‐assessed progression‐free survival (PFS) per RECIST 1.1 in the intention‐to‐treat population. A subgroup analysis was conducted in Japanese patients. In the Japanese subgroup (n = 101), median OS was 30.8 (95% CI, 24.3 to not estimable) mo in the APP arm (n = 48) and 22.2 (95% CI, 15.7‐30.8) mo in the PP arm (n = 53; hazard ratio [HR], 0.63 [95% CI, 0.36‐1.14]). PFS was 12.8 (95% CI, 8.6‐16.6) mo in the APP arm vs 4.5 (95% CI, 4.1‐6.7) mo in the PP arm (HR, 0.33 [95% CI, 0.21‐0.58]). Grade 3/4 treatment‐related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 68.8% of APP arm patients and 44.2% of PP arm patients. Consistent with global study results, atezolizumab plus pemetrexed and platinum‐based chemotherapy improved efficacy and was well tolerated in Japanese patients with advanced NSCLC despite a higher incidence of grade 3/4 TRAEs.
Children in the United States and Peru Pay to Correct Gender‐Based Inequality
Authors: Corbit John , Lamirato Katie , McAuliffe Katherine 
Published: January 2021

We explore the developmental origins of intervention against gender‐based pay inequality in 4‐ to 9‐year‐old children in the United States (N = 123; Study 1) and Peru (N = 115; Study 2), two countries characterized by different norms surrounding gender pay equity. We presented children with scenarios that featured gender‐based pay inequality, and they could intervene at a cost to redistribute the earnings. We examined whether children favor equality or show gender bias in intervention depending on the direction of gender pay inequality. Across both societies, both girls and boys intervened against gender inequality regardless of its direction, a tendency that grew stronger with age. These findings suggest that despite developing in societies with existing gender pay inequalities, children strongly privilege equality.
A multidisciplinary framework to assess the sustainability and acceptability of wildlife tourism operations
Authors: Meyer Lauren , Apps Kirin , Bryars Simon , Clarke Thomas , Hayden Barry , Pelton Grant , Simes Brett , Vaughan Lewis M. , Whitmarsh Sasha K. , Huveneers Charlie 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTWildlife tourism is growing in popularity, diversity of target species, and type of tours. This presents difficulties for management policy that must balance the complex trade‐offs between conservation, animal welfare, and pragmatic concerns for tourist satisfaction and economic value. Here, we provide a widely applicable, multidisciplinary framework to assess the impacts of wildlife tourism focusing on industry tractability, socioeconomic values, and their effects on conservation, animal welfare, and ecosystem impacts. The framework accommodates and quantifies the complexity of factors influencing wildlife tourism management, including direct and indirect effects on target and nontarget species, and identifies priorities for future biological, socioeconomic, and cultural heritage research. When applied to white shark cage‐diving as a case study, the output demonstrates the utility of the framework for researchers, managers, and policy makers, and highlights the benefits of undertaking the assessment as an inclusive workshop to facilitate a more multidisciplinary assessment of wildlife tourism industries. The use of a universally applicable assessment framework will enable the identification of relevant factors to account for when managing wildlife tourism, provide an inventory of current knowledge, identify research needs, and semiquantitatively compare categories and target and nontarget species, leading to improved conservation outcomes for species and ecosystems.
Combined exenatide and dapagliflozin has no additive effects on reduction of hepatocellular lipids despite better glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin: EXENDA, a 24‐week, prospective, randomized, placebo‐controlled pilot trial
Authors: Harreiter Jürgen , Just Ivica , Leutner Michael , Bastian Magdalena , Brath Helmut , Schelkshorn Christian , Klepochova Radka , Krššák Martin , Kautzky‐Willer Alexandra 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsTo investigate the potential synergistic effects of combined exenatide (EXE) and dapagliflozin (DAPA) versus (PLAC) placebo and DAPA on hepatocellular lipid (HCL) reduction after 24 weeks of treatment.Materials and methodsThirty patients with type 2 diabetes were randomized to weekly EXE and daily DAPA (n = 16) or weekly PLAC and daily DAPA (n = 14). Inclusion criteria were glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) 48 to 97 mmol/mol (6.5‐11%), age 18 to 75 years, body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 and metformin ≥1000 mg. The primary endpoint, HCL levels, were measured at baseline and after 24 weeks of treatment using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Between‐group effects were analysed using general linear models, adjusted for baseline outcome variables, age, sex and BMI. Within‐group differences were assessed using a paired t‐test.ResultsAfter 24 weeks, HCLs were reduced in both treatment groups (absolute change from baseline: EXE + DAPA −4.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] −8.2, −0.7, P < 0.05; PLAC + DAPA −3.9%, 95% CI −6.0, −1.7, P < 0.01; relative change: EXE + DAPA −35.6%, PLAC + DAPA −32.3%) with no difference between groups. Similar findings were observed for subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). HbA1c (EXE + DAPA −17.8 mmol/mol, [95% CI −24.8, −10.8], P <0.001; PLAC + DAPA −6.9 mmol/mol, [95% CI −10.5, −3.3], P = 0.001) and fasting glucose significantly decreased in both groups, although EXE + DAPA achieved better glycaemic control than PLAC + DAPA (adjusted difference: HbA1c −6.0 mmol/mol [95% CI −9.7, −2.2], P < 0.01). Body weight was reduced in both treatment groups (EXE + DAPA −7.3 kg, 95% CI −9.9, −4.8, P <0.001; PLAC + DAPA −4.6 kg, 95% CI −7.4, −1.8, P <0.01) with comparable results between groups. Changes in HCLs and weight, hip and waist circumference, VAT and SAT were positively associated.ConclusionAfter 24 weeks, HCLs were significantly but comparably reduced in the EXE + DAPA and PLAC + DAPA groups, despite significantly better glycaemic control in the combined group EXE + DAPA. Changes in HCLs were associated with weight loss and reduction of visceral adiposity, but not with glucose control. Further studies are necessary to evaluate possible additional long‐term effects of a combined treatment.
Non‐suicidal self‐injury is associated with psychotic like experiences, depression, and bullying in Korean adolescents
Authors: Lee Ju‐Yeon , Kim Honey , Kim Seon‐Young , Kim Jae‐Min , Shin Il‐Seon , Kim Sung‐Wan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimNon‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) is common among adolescents, and several different factors can affect its prevalence. The present study examined the associated characteristics predicting NSSI among adolescents in South Korea.MethodsIn total, 1674 high school students were recruited for a cross‐sectional survey. They completed self‐reported assessments, including the Deliberate Self‐Harm Inventory (DSHI), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD), the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), and the Prodromal Questionnaire‐16 (PQ‐16), as well as their bullying experience. The NSSI group was defined as the sample group with at least one NSSI behaviour on the DSHI scale. A logistic regression analysis was performed using the NSSI group as the dependent variable.ResultsThe prevalence of NSSI was 28.3% (boys, 30.4%; girls, 24.4%) among adolescents. The most common type of NSSI behaviour among adolescents was interference with wound healing and sex differences in the method were examined. The CES‐D, STAIC‐trait, and PQ‐16 scores were significantly higher and the RSES score was significantly lower in the NSSI group than those in the non‐NSSI group. Participants' experience with bullying, such as being victims, bullies, bully‐victims, and witness to bullying, were more likely to be in the NSSI group. In a logistic regression analysis, NSSI was significantly associated with male sex, low academic achievement, higher depression, psychotic‐like experiences, being bullied, and witnessing bullying.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest the need to identify and manage related psychologic factors in adolescents with NSSI, including psychotic‐like symptoms.