bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CDCP: a visualization and analyzing platform for single-cell datasets
Authors: Li Yuejiao , Yang Tao , Lai Tingting , You Lijin , Yang Fan , Qiu Jiaying , Wang Lina , Du Wensi , Hua Cong , Xu Zhicheng , Cai Jia , Li Zhiyong , Liu Yiqun , Li Ling , Zhang Minwen , Chen Jing , Zhang Lei , Chen Dongsheng , Liu Shiping , Wu Liang , Zeng Wenjun , Wang Bo , Wei Xiaofeng , Liu Longqi , Chen Fengzhen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAdvances in single-cell sequencing technology provide a unique approach to characterize the heterogeneity and distinctive functional states at single-cell resolution, leading to rapid accumulation of large-scale single-cell datasets. A big challenge undertaken by research community especially bench scientists is how to simplify the way of retrieving, processing and analyzing the huge number of datasets. Towards this end, we developed Cell-omics Data Coordinate Platform (CDCP), a platform that aims to share and integrate comprehensive single-cell datasets, and to provide a network analysis toolkit for personalized analysis. CDCP contains single-cell RNA-seq and ATAC-seq datasets of 474 572 cells from 6 459 samples in species covering humans, non-human primate models and other animals. It allows querying and visualization of interested datasets and the expression profile of distinct genes in different cell clusters and cell types. Besides, this platform provides an analysis pipeline for non-bioinformatician experimental scientists to address questions not focused by the submitters of the datasets. In summary, CDCP provides a user-friendly interface for researchers to explore, visualize, analyze, download and submit published single-cell datasets and it will be a valuable resource for investigators to explore the global transcriptome profiling at single-cell level.
Carbon Nanotube Electrodes for Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine
Authors: Khot Gaurang , Platte Frank , Shirtcliffe Neil , Celikel Tansu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) are suited for neurochemistry because of their biological inertness, ability to withstand biofouling, and superior electron transport kinetics. Dopamine, the canonical monoaminergic neuromodulator, contributes to reward, cognition and attention, however, its detection in real-time is challenging due to its low basal concentration in the brain (100nM L-1). In our present work, we fabricate pyrolytic carbon electrodes and perform a CNT coating to improve the electrochemical kinetics of dopamine. Upon CNTs coating, dopamine shows a sensitivity of 9±18nA/μM for a cylindrical electrode having a mean surface diameter of 8±4μm. Increasing the scan frequency from 10-100 Hz shows that dopamine electron transfer kinetics improves; wherein dopamine is oxidized at 0.35±0.09V and reduced to -0.10±0.05V for 10 Hz. Increasing the frequency results in a shift of oxidation peak towards the anodic region, wherein dopamine oxidizes at 0.08±3V and reduces at -0.1±0.05V for 100 Hz, thus showing that dopamine redox is reversible which can be attributed to the superior electron transport kinetics of CNTs. The sensor was able to distinguish dopamine signals against other neurochemicals like serotonin and foulant 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC). The minimum chemical detection that can be performed using these nanopipettes is 50±18nM L-1, which is well below the physiological concentrations of dopamine in the brain.Graphical AbstractA:Pictorial view of background-subtracted voltammetry. The waveform used was -0.4V to 1.3 V and cycled back to -0.4V at 10 Hz.B:The voltammogram was converted as a 2-D representation, into current, voltage, and repetition to understand the dopamine oxidation.C:Background subtracted voltammetry for dopamine using 100 Hz waveform.D:The 2-D representation of current, voltage, and repetition.
A base-line cellular antiviral state is maintained by cGAS and its most frequent naturally occurring variant rs610913
Authors: Kazmierski Julia , Elsner Carina , Döhner Katinka , Xu Shuting , Ducroux Aurélie , Pott Fabian , Jansen Jenny , Thorball Christian W. , Zeymer Ole , Zhou Xiaoyi , Fedorov Roman , Fellay Jacques , Löffler Markus W. , Weber Alexander N. R. , Sodeik Beate , Goffinet Christine 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUpon recognition of aberrantly located DNA, the innate immune sensor cGAS activates STING/IRF-3-driven antiviral responses. Here we characterized the ability of a specific variant of the cGAS-encoding geneMB21D1, rs610913, to alter cGAS-mediated DNA sensing and viral infection. rs610913 is a frequent G>T polymorphism resulting in a P261H exchange in the cGAS protein. Data from the International Collaboration for the Genomics of HIV suggested that rs610913 nominally associates with HIV-1 acquisitionin vivo. Molecular modeling of cGAS(P261H) hinted towards the possibility for an additional binding site for a potential cellular co-factor in cGAS dimers. However, cGAS(WT) or cGAS(P261H)-reconstituted THP-1 cGAS KO cells shared steady-state expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), as opposed to cells expressing the enzymatically inactive cGAS(G212A/S213A). Accordingly, cGAS(WT) and cGAS(P261H) cells were less susceptible to lentiviral transduction and infection with HIV-1, HSV-1, and Chikungunya virus as compared to cGAS KO- or cGAS(G212A/S213A) cells. Upon DNA challenge, innate immune activation appeared to be mildly reduced upon expression of cGAS(P261H) compared to cGAS(WT). Finally, DNA challenge of PBMCs from donors homozygously expressing rs610913 provoked a trend towards a slightly reduced type I IFN response as compared to PBMCs from GG donors. Taken together, the steady-state activity of cGAS maintains a base-line antiviral state rendering cells more refractory to ISG-sensitive viral infections. Even though rs610913 failed to grossly differ phenotypically from the wild-type gene, its expression potentially results in a slightly altered susceptibility to viral infectionsin vivo.
Structure-based screening of drug candidates targeting the SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein
Authors: Xia Xin , Zhang Yuwei , Li Songling , Lin Hengwei , Yan Zhiqiang 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTThe COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic is caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). SARS-CoV-2 produces a small hydrophobic envelope (E) protein which shares high homology with SARS-CoV E protein. By patch-clamp recording, the E protein is demonstrated to be a cation-selective ion channel. Furthermore, the SARS-CoV-2 E protein can be blocked by a SARS-CoV E protein inhibitor hexamethylene amiloride. Using structural model and virtual screening, another E protein inhibitor AZD5153 is discovered. AZD5153 is a bromodomain protein 4 inhibitor against hematologic malignancies in clinical trial. The E protein amino acids Phe23 and Val29 are key determinants for AZD5153 sensitivity. This study provides two promising lead compounds and a functional assay of SARS-CoV-2 E protein for the future drug candidate discovery.
Hematopoiesis at single cell resolution spanning human development and maturation
Authors: Li Hojun , Ezike Jideofor , Afanassiev Anton , Greenstreet Laura , Zhang Stephen , Whangbo Jennifer , Butty Vincent L. , Moiso Enrico , Connelly Guinevere G. , Morris Vivian , Wang Dahai , Daley George Q. , Garg Salil , Chou Stella T. , Regev Aviv , da Rocha Edroaldo Lummertz , Schiebinger Geoffrey , Rowe R. Grant 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHematopoiesis is a process of constitutive regeneration whereby hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) replenish mature blood cells. During maturation and aging, HSPCs shift their output to support the demands of prenatal development and postnatal maturation both at homeostasis and in response to stress. How HSPC ontogeny changes throughout life is unknown; studies to date have largely focused on specific individual ages, particularly at single cell resolution. Here, we performed single cell RNA-seq of human HSPCs from early prenatal development into mature adulthood. We observed shifts in HSPC transcriptional states and differentiation trajectories over time. We identified age-specific gene expression patterns throughout human maturation and developed methods for identifying, prospectively purifying, and functionally validating age-specific HSC states. Together, our findings define the temporal maturation of human HSPCs and uncover principles applicable to age-biased blood diseases.SummarySingle cell RNA sequencing reveals that the mechanisms of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) fate commitment change over a lifetime from gestation to mature adulthood.
Human rights in mental health with specific focus on international standards and clinical practices
Authors: Agarwal Varsha , Sharma Avnish , Panicker Aneesya , Shifa Syeda , Rammurthy Rohit 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
This research aims to discuss the key civil rights problems in mental well-being and the solutions to those challenges in standard-setting and institutional practice, as well as proposes an integrated approach to adapting the emerging principles of practice to divisive mental health concerns.

Design/methodology/approach
This study is based on review of literature focused on mental health and human rights with special reference to international standards and clinical practices. Recent articles related to mental health and human rights and mechanisms suggested by United nations were included to draw conclusion.

Findings
Review of literature suggested to switch from reactive to a constructive and pragmatic approach, which is community-based, emphasizing alliance, rather than action, when the client is still too damaged to agree. Treatment should go hand in hand with mental health and civil rights education in the neighbourhood, as well as opportunities for engagement in shared interests in the group and interaction of other individuals with living experience.

Originality/value
While consent to care is a vital issue for human rights, the view of individuals with psychiatric illnesses as dangerous and “out of reach” is perpetuated by a disproportionate emphasis on it. Treatment should go hand in hand with mental health and civil rights education in the neighbourhood, as well as opportunities for engagement in shared interests in the group and interaction of other individuals with living experience.
The role of social entrepreneurs’ cosmopolitan orientation in bridging the gap between prosperity and social deprivation
Authors: Mouraviev Nikolai , Kakabadse Nada K. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
Israel is characterised by economic growth that is accompanied not only by prosperity but also by increasing poverty. This paper aims to conceptualise the role of Israel’s social enterprises in reducing the gap between prosperous and disadvantaged populations.

Design/methodology/approach
This qualitative study is based on 23 in-depth interviews. It makes use of a theoretical framework that incorporates two elements: cosmopolitanism and social entrepreneurship. Cosmopolitanism, together with government policies that aim to develop free enterprise and international trade, support entrepreneurship and advance education, accompanies and facilitates prosperity. Whilst prosperity increases inequality, social entrepreneurship develops as a tool to mitigate the side effects of economic growth in the form of the increasing gap between the rich and the poor.

Findings
This paper argues that the principal reason why the gap evolved and is increasing is in the discrepancy between rapidly rising requirements presented by the innovation-focussed economy and the workers’ skills. Based on interviews with social entrepreneurs who are (co)founders or managers of businesses with a social purpose, findings show that the gap between prosperity and social deprivation could be bridged by increasing workers’ capacity to align their skills with employers’ requirements, which is the area to which Israeli social enterprises contribute.

Originality/value
The paper argues that cosmopolitan orientation is one of the contributors to economic growth and innovation, whilst prosperity increases the gap between high- and low-income groups. The paper contributes to the body of knowledge about social entrepreneurs by applying the framework that makes use of cosmopolitanism as an important driver of Israeli social entrepreneurship, which helps to explain the role that social business enterprises play in reducing the gap between prosperous and disadvantaged populations.
Thermal differences between juveniles and adults increased over time in European forest trees
Authors: Caron Maria Mercedes , Zellweger Florian , Verheyen Kris , Baeten Lander , Hédl Radim , Bernhardt‐Römermann Markus , Berki Imre , Brunet Jörg , Decocq Guillaume , Díaz Sandra , Dirnböck Thomas , Durak Tomasz , Heinken Thilo , Jaroszewicz Bogdan , Kopecký Martin , Lenoir Jonathan , Macek Martin , Malicki Marek , Máliš František , Nagel Thomas A. , Perring Michael P. , Petřík Petr , Reczyńska Kamila , Pielech Remigiusz , Schmidt Wolfgang , Świerkosz Krzysztof , Teleki Balázs , Wulf Monika , De Frenne Pieter 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Woody species' requirements and environmental sensitivity change from seedlings to adults, a process referred to as ontogenetic shift. Such shifts can be increased by climate change. To assess the changes in the difference of temperature experienced by seedlings and adults in the context of climate change, it is essential to have reliable climatic data over long periods that capture the thermal conditions experienced by the individuals throughout their life cycle.

Here we used a unique cross‐European database of 2,195 pairs of resurveyed forest plots with a mean intercensus time interval of 37 years. We inferred macroclimatic temperature (free‐air conditions above tree canopies—representative of the conditions experienced by adult trees) and microclimatic temperature (representative of the juvenile stage at the forest floor, inferred from the relationship between canopy cover, distance to the coast and below‐canopy temperature) at both surveys. We then address the long‐term, large‐scale and multitaxa dynamics of the difference between the temperatures experienced by adults and juveniles of 25 temperate tree species.

We found significant, but species‐specific, variations in the perceived temperature (calculated from presence/absence data) between life stages during both surveys. Additionally, the difference of the temperature experienced by the adult versus juveniles significantly increased between surveys for 8 of 25 species. We found evidence of a relationship between the difference of temperature experienced by juveniles and adults over time and one key functional trait (i.e. leaf area). Together, these results suggest that the temperatures experienced by adults versus juveniles became more decoupled over time for a subset of species, probably due to the combination of climate change and a recorded increase of canopy cover between the surveys resulting in higher rates of macroclimate than microclimate warming.

Synthesis. We document warming and canopy‐cover induced changes in the difference of the temperature experienced by juveniles and adults. These findings have implications for forest management adaptation to climate change such as the promotion of tree regeneration by creating suitable species‐specific microclimatic conditions. Such adaptive management will help to mitigate the macroclimate change in the understorey layer.
Relating sinking and suspended microbial communities in the California Current Ecosystem: digestion resistance and the contributions of phytoplankton taxa to export
Authors: Valencia Bellineth , Stukel Michael R. , Allen Andrew E. , McCrow John P. , Rabines Ariel , Palenik Brian , Landry Michael R. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryWe used 16S, 18S, plastid and internal transcribed spacer (for Synechococcus strains) sequencing to quantify relative microbial abundances in water‐column samples and on sediment‐trap‐collected particles across an environmental gradient in the California Current Ecosystem (CCE) spanning a > 60‐fold range of surface chlorophyll. Most mixed‐layer dominant eukaryotes and prokaryotes were consistently underrepresented on sinking particles. Diatoms were the only phototrophic taxa consistently overrepresented. Even within this class, however, one genus (Thalassiosira) was a particle‐enriched dominant, while a similarly abundant species was poorly represented. Synechococcus was significantly enriched on sinking particles at only one of four sites, but clade I was disproportionately abundant on sinking particles throughout the region compared with clade IV, the euphotic‐zone co‐dominant. The most abundant microbes on particles across the CCE were organisms with distributional maxima close to the sediment‐trap depth (rhizarians), microbes associated with metazoans or sinking particles as a nutritional habitat (certain alveolates, Gammaproteobacteria) and organisms that resist digestive degradation of their DNA (Thalassiosira, Synechococcus). For assessing taxon contributions of phytoplankton to carbon export, our results highlight the need for sequence‐based quantitative approaches that can be used to integrate euphotic‐zone abundances, compute rates and account for taxon differences in preservation of sequence markers through trophic processing.
Mary McLeod Bethune's Feminism: Black Women as Citizens of the World
Authors: Warren Kim Cary 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTThis article focuses on the particular moment of the 1945 United Nations charter meeting as a catalyst for a shift in Mary McLeod Bethune's feminist thought. The meeting, where Bethune served as the only African American female delegate, signalled a change in Bethune's thinking about equality for black women, so she used the founding of the United Nations as a platform to promote black women's alliances with other women of colour. Her idea was to reframe black women as citizens of the world, thus putting them in a numerical and ideological majority rather than keeping them in a minority position. Bethune has often been viewed as a reformer of race and gender issues in the early twentieth century, but a focus on her activism has hidden the intellectual contributions that she made to a form of black feminism that emerged out of her work with other clubwomen and through the United Nations in the 1920s through the 1950s. Specifically, this article argues that Bethune's intellectual work created a framework for African American women's feminism that emphasised anti‐colonialism and their global alliance with other women of colour throughout the world.
Assessing methotrexate intolerance and its prevalence in rheumatoid arthritis: Development and validation of the MISA questionnaire
Authors: Vijaykumar Deeksha , Dhir Varun , Jain Siddharth , Pai Venkatesh , Kaur Jaswinder , Naidu Godasi SRSNK , Sharma Aman , Khanna Sharma Shefali , Jain Sanjay 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveMethotrexate (MTX) intolerance refers to unpleasant symptoms that accompany use of MTX. Although a validated questionnaire on MTX intolerance exists for children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, it is lacking for adult rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.MethodsA 10‐item questionnaire called Methotrexate Intolerance and Severity assessment in Adults (MISA) was developed to assess MTX intolerance. On receiver operating characteristic analysis, its predictive ability was compared to Methotrexate Intolerance Severity Score (MISS), a validated questionnaire for children. Subsequently, prevalence and associations of intolerance were assessed in 414 RA patients. After 1 year, discontinuation of MTX was compared between patients with and without MTX intolerance.ResultsMISA score had a good predictive ability (area under the curve [AUC] of 0.904), with sensitivity and specificity of 91.4% and 84.3% (cut‐off ≥1) to correctly classify MTX intolerance and was better than MISS score (AUC of 0.823). Among 414 RA patients, 159 (38.4%) had MTX intolerance, with common symptoms being nausea, lethargy, irritability and loss of appetite. On multivariable analysis, age (odds ratio 0.972) and body mass index (odds ratio 1.061) were significant predictors of MTX intolerance. At 1 year, a higher proportion of patients with intolerance than without intolerance had discontinued MTX (odds ratio 2.4, P = 0.02). To classify severity of intolerance, another score, MISA‐cross‐product, was developed and validated, with an AUC of 0.899.ConclusionsThe newly developed MISA questionnaire and score had good predictive ability to diagnose MTX intolerance. Intolerance to MTX was common, being found in one‐third of RA patients. Patients with intolerance were twice more likely to discontinue MTX at 1 year.
Public Money Talks Too: How Public Campaign Financing Degrades Representation
Authors: Kilborn Mitchell , Vishwanath Arjun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDoes public campaign financing improve representation by reducing politicians' reliance on wealthy donors as advocates claim, or does it worsen representation by expanding the candidate marketplace to give extreme and nonrepresentative candidates an electoral boost? We conduct a novel analysis of public financing programs in Arizona, Connecticut, and Maine to causally identify the effect of a legislator's funding status on how closely she represents constituent preferences. Using multiple identification strategies, we show that candidates who exclusively use public campaign financing are more extreme and less representative of their districts than nonpublicly financed candidates. Our findings add new evidence to the electoral reform debate by demonstrating how replacing private campaign donations with public financing can actually damage substantive representation. We also advance the scholarship on how institutions affect substantive representation and candidate positioning as they respond to new campaign financing structures.
Neonatal sepsis prediction through clinical decision support algorithms: A systematic review
Authors: Persad Emma , Jost Kerstin , Honoré Antoine , Forsberg David , Coste Karen , Olsson Hanna , Rautiainen Susanne , Herlenius Eric 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo systematically summarise the current evidence of employing clinical decision support algorithms (CDSAs) using non‐invasive parameters for sepsis prediction in neonates.MethodsA comprehensive search in PubMed, CENTRAL and EMBASE was conducted. Screening, data extraction and risk of bias were performed by two authors. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using GRADE. PROSPERO ID: CRD42020205143.ResultsAfter abstract and full‐text screening, 36 studies comprising 18,096 infants were included. Most CDSAs evaluated heart rate (HR)‐based parameters. Two publications derived from one randomised‐controlled trial assessing HR characteristics reported significant reduction in 30‐day septicaemia‐related mortality. Thirty‐four non‐randomised studies found promising yet inconclusive results.ConclusionHeart rate‐based parameters are reliable components of CDSAs for sepsis prediction, particularly in combination with additional vital signs and demographics. However, inconclusive evidence and limited standardisation restricts clinical implementation of CDSAs outside of a controlled research environment. Further experimentation and comparison of parameter combinations and testing of new CDSAs are warranted.