bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scaled-up ethyl formate fumigation to replace methyl bromide on traded mushroom to disinfest mushroom fly (Lycoriella mali)
Authors: Kwon Tae hyung , Kim Dong bin , Kim Kyung won , Park Min goo , Roh Gwang hyun , Lee Byung ho 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMushroom fly, Lycoriella mali (Diptera: Sciaridae), is the primary pest in imported mushrooms. The amount of Tricholoma matsutake imported from China increases every fall when it is harvested. When importing T. matsutake, disinfestation using methyl bromide (MB) or phosphine (PH3) is performed to prevent the introduction of L. mali. However, MB will be phased out due to ozone-depletion, chronic toxicity to workers, and residual issues. PH3 fumigation in mushroom disinfestation requires a long exposure time (24 h). In this study, we used ethyl formate (EF), which can replace MB and reduce exposure time. The efficacy of EF, PH3 and EF + PH3 on L. mali was evaluated. Using 4-h EF fumigation at 5 °C, the 3rd and 4th instar was the most tolerant stage in terms of 99% killed lethal concentration × time products (LCt99%). When 4-h EF fumigation at 5 °C was applied on all stages of L. mali, the LCt99% values of EF were 73.1 g h/m3 to the 1st and 2nd instar, 112.9 g h/m3 to the 3rd and 4th instar, 68.9 g h/m3 to pupae, and 20.1 g h/m3 to adult. It was confirmed that combination treatment with EF + PH3 had a synergistic effect on L. mali. The LCt99% of EF + 0.5 g/m3 of PH3 to the 3rd and 4th instar was 48.3 g h/m3. When only 140 g/m3 of EF was applied for 4 h at > 5 °C and 35 g/m3 of EF + 0.5 g/m3 of PH3 for 4 h at > 5 °C in commercial trials containing T. matsutake, proven efficacy (100%) on L. mali was confirmed. In the case of EF treatment only, phytotoxic damage occurred due to high Ct products, and there was no phytotoxic damage in combination treatment with EF + PH3. This study provides a new guideline for EF + PH3 combination treatment within a shorter exposure time (4 h) than existing PH3 treatment (24 h) and replacement of MB use.
The participatory development of a national core set of person-centred diabetes outcome constructs for use in routine diabetes care across healthcare sectors
Authors: Skovlund Soren Eik , Troelsen Lise H. , Klim Lotte , Jakobsen Poul Erik , Ejskjaer Niels 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
This study sought to utilise participatory research methods to identify the perspectives of people with diabetes regarding which diabetes outcomes were most important to them. These findings were then used to support an expert working group representing multiple health sectors and healthcare disciplines and people with diabetes to establish a core set of patient-important outcome constructs for use in routine diabetes care.

Methods
26 people with diabetes and family members were recruited through purposive sampling to participate in interviews, focus groups, voting and plenary activities in order to be part of identifying outcome constructs. Content and qualitative analysis methods were used with literature reviews to inform a national multi-stakeholder consensus process for a core set of person-centred diabetes outcome constructs to be used in routine diabetes care across health care settings.

Results
21 people with diabetes and 5 family members representing type 1 and 2 diabetes and a range of age groups, treatment regimens and disease burden identified the following patient-reported outcome constructs as an important supplement to clinical indicators for outcome assessment in routine diabetes care: self-rated health, psychological well-being, diabetes related emotional distress and quality of life, symptom distress, treatment burden, blood sugar regulation and hypoglycemia burden, confidence in self-management and confidence in access to person-centred care and support. Consensus was reached by a national multi-stakeholder expert group to adopt measures of these constructs as a national core diabetes outcome set for use in routine value-based diabetes care.

Conclusions
We found that patient-reported outcome (PRO) constructs and clinical indicators are needed in core diabetes outcome sets to evaluate outcomes of diabetes care which reflect key needs and priorities of people with diabetes. The incorporation of patient-reported outcome constructs should be considered complementary to clinical indicators in multi-stakeholder value-based health care strategies. We found participatory research methods were useful in facilitating the identification of a core prioritised set of diabetes outcome constructs for routine value-based diabetes care. The use of our method for involving patients may be useful for similar efforts in other disease areas aimed at defining suitable outcomes of person-centred value-based care. Future research should focus on developing acceptable and psychometrically valid measurement instruments to evaluate these outcome constructs as part of routine diabetes care.
Improved precision of noise estimation in CT with a volume-based approach
Authors: Wisselink Hendrik Joost , Pelgrim Gert Jan , Rook Mieneke , Dudurych Ivan , van den Berge Maarten , de Bock Geertruida H. , Vliegenthart Rozemarijn 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAssessment of image noise is a relevant issue in computed tomography (CT). Noise is routinely measured by the standard deviation of density values (Hounsfield units, HU) within a circular region of interest (ROI). We explored the effect of a spherical volume of interest (VOI) on noise measurements. Forty-nine chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients underwent CT with clinical protocol (regular dose [RD], volumetric CT dose index [CTDIvol] 3.04 mGy, 64-slice unit), and ultra-low dose (ULD) protocol (median CTDIvol 0.38 mGy, dual-source unit). Noise was measured in 27 1-cm2 ROIs and 27 0.75-cm3 VOIs inside the trachea. Median true noise was 21 HU (range 17-29) for RD-CT and 33 HU (26-39) for ULD-CT. The VOI approach resulted in a lower mean distance between limits of agreement compared to ROI: 5.9 versus 10.0 HU for RD-CT (−40%); 4.7 versus 9.9 HU for ULD-CT (−53%). Mean systematic bias barely changed: −1.6 versus −0.9HU for RD-CT; 0.0 to 0.4HU for ULD-CT. The average measurement time was 6.8 s (ROI) versus 9.7 (VOI), independent of dose level. For chest CT, measuring noise with a VOI-based instead of a ROI-based approach reduces variability by 40-53%, without a relevant effect on systematic bias and measurement time.
Wading through water: effects of water depth and speed on the drag and kinematics of walking Chilean flamingos, Phoenicopterus chilensis
Authors: Palecek Amanda M. , Novak Megan V. , Blob Richard W. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Wading behaviours, in which an animal walks while partially submerged in water, are present in a variety of taxa including amphibians, reptiles, mammals and birds. Despite the ubiquity of wading behaviours, few data are available to evaluate how animals adjust their locomotion to accommodate changes in water depth. Because drag from water might impose additional locomotor costs, wading animals might be expected to raise their feet above the water up to a certain point until such behaviours lead to awkward steps and are abandoned. To test for such mechanisms, we measured drag on models of the limbs of Chilean flamingos (Phoenicopterus chilensis) and measured their limb and body kinematics as they walked and waded through increasing depths of water in a zoo enclosure. Substantial drag was incurred by models of both open- and closed-toed feet, suggesting that flamingos could avoid some locomotor costs by stepping over water, rather than through it, during wading. Step height was highest while wading through intermediate water depths and while wading at a faster speed. Stride length increased with increasing water depth and velocity, and the limb joints generally flexed more while moving through intermediate water depths. However, movements of the head and neck were not strongly correlated with water depth or velocity. Our results show a wide range of kinematic changes that occur to allow wading birds to walk through different water depths, and have implications for better understanding the locomotor strategies employed by semi-aquatic species.
Oriented Films of Metal-Organic Frameworks on Metal Hydroxides via Heteroepitaxial Growth
Authors: Takahashi Masahide 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Framework compounds such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are characterized by their micropores, which provide a large accessible surface for applications such as gas storage and catalysis. Additional functionalities for electronics, photonics, and magnetic applications can be attained by accommodating functional guests (molecules, ions, or nano-objects) into the pores. Device-scale MOF thin films with controlled crystallographic orientations must be achieved to enhance these sophisticated functionalities for practical applications. Recently, we reported the heteroepitaxial growth of MOFs via solution processing of precursor metal hydroxide-oriented films. The resultant MOF film exhibited crystallographic orientation along all three axes, which can be used as quasi-single crystals because the pores are aligned in specific directions at the macroscopic scale. The orientation primarily depends on the crystallographic plane of the seed metal hydroxide layer. In this article, recent advances in the fabrication and application of oriented MOF films are reviewed.
Expression Level of IL-17 in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Late Pregnancy and Diagnosis of Maternal-Fetal Tolerance Based on Brain MRI Image Segmentation Algorithm
Authors: Yu Zenying , Zhou Shengyan , Tan Zhen , Lu Guangmin 
Published: September 2021

Objectives: To study the expression of IL-17 in peripheral blood and its effect on maternal-fetal tolerance in patients with eclampsia in late pregnancy using MRI image segmentation algorithm.
Methods: Thirty-nine patients with severe preeclampsia and eclampsia with brain symptoms were examined by cranial MRI. Pregnant women with 32 weeks of pregnancy were selected to detect the percentage of Th17 and Treg cells in CD4 + T lymphocytes and the expression of cytokines IL-17 and IL-10 in peripheral blood.
Results: MRI examination was normal in 26 cases, 9 cases showed reversible posterior encephalopathy syndrome, three cases were cerebral hemorrhage, and one case was intracranial cavernous sinus thrombosis. two. Compared with the mild preeclampsia group, the relative number of Thl7 cells increased and that of Treg cells decreased in the severe preeclampsia group (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The major types of cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) in severe preeclampsia and eclampsia were reversible posterior encephalopathy syndrome and cerebral hemorrhage. It was speculated that the damage to the blood-brain barrier may play an important role in the pathogenesis. The balance of the number of Th17 cells/the number of Treg cells was more inclined to the Th17 cell-mediated pro-inflammatory state, Treg cell-mediated immune tolerance decreases, and it becomes more obvious with the worsening of the disease.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.6-WIT.4828
How to cite this:Yu Z, Zhou S, Tan Z, Lu G. Expression Level of IL-17 in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Late Pregnancy and Diagnosis of Maternal-Fetal Tolerance Based on Brain MRI Image Segmentation Algorithm. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(6):1553-1557. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.6-WIT.4828
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The efficacy of Rhodiola Rosea based on DTI image Segmentation Algorithm for patients with delayed Encephalopathy caused by CO poisoning
Authors: Gao Yuming , Cui Haitao , Ren Wei , Han Bing 
Published: September 2021

Objectives: By using DTI image segmentation algorithm investigate the effect of large plants Rhodiola injection on myocardial injury in patients with acute severe CO poisoning (ACOP), and to explore the clinical and CT delayed encephalopathy after ACOP.
Methods: Seventy-two ACOP patients were randomly divided into control and observation group, 36 cases in each group from December 2015 – December 2017. The control group received hyperbaric oxygen, mannitol, dexamethasone, citicoline injection, gangliosides, dracone; observation group were large strain Rhodiola injection treatment group based on the once daily for two weeks of continuous treatment. The head CT, head MRI results were analyzed retrospectively.
Results: (1) hsCRP and ET-1 in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and VEGF was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). No, NOS, and iNOS were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.01); (2) CT images of 16 cases showed bilateral symmetrical fusion lesions with blurred edges, low density, and oval center around the ventricle; (3) MRI showed that the lesion was located in the cerebral cortex, white matter lateral ventricle and/or basal ganglia in 12 cases.
Conclusion: Rhodiola can reduce myocardial vascular endothelial cell injury, improve cardiac function, and protect the damaged myocardium. Meanwhile, after acute CO poisoning delayed encephalopathy early for CT and MRI examination facilitate analysis and prognosis of the disease.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.6-WIT.4830
How to cite this:Gao Y, Cui H, Ren W, Han B. The efficacy of Rhodiola Rosea based on DTI image Segmentation Algorithm for patients with delayed Encephalopathy caused by CO poisoning. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(6):1558-1563. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.6-WIT.4830
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Application of CEEMD noise reduction algorithm in ultrasound imaging in evaluating fetuses with abnormal glucose metabolism in late pregnancy
Authors: Huang Junfeng , Wang Cuiting , Li Xianxia , Jing Yuqin 
Published: September 2021

Objectives: To explore the predictive effect of abnormal glucose metabolism and fetal hemodynamic parameters on adverse pregnancy outcome.
Methods: One hundred and nine pregnant women with abnormal glucose metabolism during pregnancy from June 2016 to October 2018 were selected and divided into poor prognosis group (34 cases) and good prognosis group (75 cases). The hemodynamic parameters of fetal cerebral artery (MCA), umbilical artery (UA) and uterine artery of pregnancy (UT-A), including peak systolic velocity (s / D), resistance index (RI) and plasticity index (PI), were measured by color Doppler ultrasound. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of adverse pregnancy outcomes was drawn and the best threshold index was determined.
Results: MCA-PI poor prognosis group, MCA-RI, RI ratio (MCA/UA) are lower than the good prognosis group, Ut-A-PI is higher than the good prognosis group (P<0.05,). ROC curve analysis results show that when the MCA-PI 1.56, the sensitivity of the predicted adverse outcomes of pregnancy, the highest specificity<, was 91.18%, 80.00%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis of risk factors shows poor pregnancy outcomes include: pregnant women, older age, body mass index ≥24.0kg/m2 and a family history of diabetes. Protective factors include exercise during pregnancy, MCA-PI≥1.56, MCA-RI≥0.63 and RI The ratio (MCA/UA) ≥0.84.
Conclusion: Color Doppler ultrasound measured MCA-PI<1.56 the most important indicators of poor pregnancy outcomes as abnormal glucose metabolism during pregnancy and predict the exact cutoff. Pregnant women, older age, body mass index ≥24.0kg/m2 and a family history of diabetes and abnormal glucose metabolism during pregnancy risk factors for adverse outcomes of pregnancy.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.6-WIT.4844
How to cite this:Huang J, Wang C, Li X, Jing Y. Application of CEEMD noise reduction algorithm in ultrasound imaging in evaluating fetuses with abnormal glucose metabolism in late pregnancy. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(6):1590-1594. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.6-WIT.4844
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Analysis of pathological characteristics and nursing intervention of patients with gastric polyps based on image stitching algorithm and endoscopy
Authors: Zhu Linzhen , Zhu Linlin , Yu Weihua 
Published: September 2021

Original Article
Linzhen Zhu1, Linlin Zhu2, Weihua Yu3
ABSTRACTObjectives: The paper uses image stitching algorithm to understand the clinical and pathological characteristics of gastric polyps under gastroscope, and provides objective basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of gastric polyps and nursing intervention. Methods: The endoscopic, pathological data and surgical conditions of 111 patients with gastric polyps detected in the hospital from January 2017 to August 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The elderly patients (≥60 years old) in this group were those with high incidence of gastric polyps (56.8%); 80 patients with single polyps (72.1%), 31 patients with multiple polyps (27.9%); polyps were mainly located in the stomach (53.2%); polyps diameter ≤0.5cm are more common (69.4%); polyps are mainly hyperplastic polyps (40.5%) and inflammatory polyps in 37 cases (33.3%). Polyps were removed by biopsy forceps in 30 cases, endoscopic submucosal injection of 0.9% NaCl solution combined with high-frequency electrosurgical removal of 54 cases, endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) in 6 cases, and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in treatment of the 4 cases, the remaining 17 cases were treated with surgery, and 12 patients were followed up, 2 of whom relapsed. Conclusion: Gastric polyps are small in diameter and mostly single; polyps are mainly located in the stomach body, mainly hyperplastic polyps; treatment methods are mostly endoscopic resection, and there is a possibility of recurrence after polypectomy, and follow-up should be strengthened. Full preparation before the operation, close cooperation during the operation, and careful postoperative care are important links to ensure the safety of the operation and reduce complications such as upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
KEYWORDS: Pathological characteristics; Nursing; Gastric polyps; Image stitching algorithm; Endoscopy.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.6-WIT.4854How to cite this:Zhu L, Zhu L, Yu W. Analysis of pathological characteristics and nursing intervention of patients with gastric polyps based on image stitching algorithm and endoscopy. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(6):1620-1624. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.6-WIT.4854
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Machine learning algorithm of ultrasound-mediated intestinal function recovery and nursing efficacy analysis of lower gastrointestinal malignant tumor after surgery
Authors: Ma Lei , Zhang Hao 
Published: September 2021

Objectives: In this paper, machine learning algorithms was used to explore the application value of ultrasound contrast in the early evaluation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with gastrointestinal malignant liver metastases, and analyzes the effect of sports nursing methods on intestinal function recovery.
Methods: Forty-seven patients with gastrointestinal malignancies were divided into 25 patients (combined chemotherapy group) and 22 cases (chemotherapy group) from April 2018 to April 2019. Two groups of patients were treated with CEUS. The effective lesion patients and invalid quantitative parameters were compared between the two groups before and after treatment, and the postoperative routine nursing was implemented.
Results: Chemotherapy group effective in 18 cases, accounting for 81.82%; 4 cases, 18.18%. Combination chemotherapy patients 21 cases, accounting for 84.00%; 4 cases, accounting for 16.00%.
Conclusion: Based on early is important to assess the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with liver metastases peak intensity ultrasound contrast parameters of the machine learning algorithms malignant tumors in the gastrointestinal tract, post-operative care movement helps to restore bowel function.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.6-WIT.4866
How to cite this:Ma L, Zhang H. Machine learning algorithm of ultrasound-mediated intestinal function recovery and nursing efficacy analysis of lower gastrointestinal malignant tumor after surgery. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(6):1662-1666. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.6-WIT.4866
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Correlation analysis of epicardial adipose tissue volume quantified by computed tomography images and coronary heart disease under optimized reconstruction algorithm
Authors: Miao Zhenwei , Yang Hongyan , Liu Bofen , Li Wengui 
Published: September 2021

Objectives: This paper was aimed to explore the adoption value of low-dose computed tomography (CT) imaging based on optimized ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM) reconstruction algorithm in the correlation analysis between epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume and coronary heart disease (CHD).
Methods: A total of 110 patients with CHD were selected for CT angiography (CTA) and coronary arteriography (CAG) examinations from October 2017 to October 2019. The predictive value of EAT for CHD was analyzed via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.
Results: The results showed that the iteration time and error of the improved OSEM reconstruction algorithm were better than that of MLEM algorithm under the same number of iterations. Age, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and EAT in control group were obviously lower in contrast to those in CHD group (P<0.05). EAT in control group was (124.50±26.72) mL, and EAT in the CHD group was (159.41±38.51) mL. EAT (B=0.023, P=0.003) was an independent risk factor for CHD, which was suggested by Multiple linear regression analysis. Moreover, EAT was a risk factor for CHD, and was positively correlated with the degree and NSCV.
Conclusion: The optimized OSEM algorithm was used to improve the reconstruction quality of low-dose CT images and used in quantitative measurement of epicardial fat volume. Results showed EAT was an independent risk factor for CHD, and was positively correlated with the number of coronary lesions and Gensini score. It was of great value for the prediction of CHD.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.6-WIT.4882
How to cite this:Miao Z, Yang H, Liu B, Li W. Correlation analysis of epicardial adipose tissue volume quantified by computed tomography images and coronary heart disease under optimized reconstruction algorithm. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(6):1677-1681. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.6-WIT.4882
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.