bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulating organ biomass variability and carbohydrate distribution in perennial fruit crops: a comparison between the common assimilate pool and phloem carbohydrate transport models
Authors: Zhu Junqi , Gou Fang , Rossouw Gerhard , Begum Fareeda , Henke Michael , Johnson Ella , Holzapfel Bruno , Field Stewart , Seleznyova Alla 
Published: August 2021

AbstractVariability in fruit quality greatly impedes the profitability of an orchard. Modelling can help find the causes of quality variability. However, studies suggest that the common assimilate pool model is inadequate in terms of describing variability in organ biomass. The aim of the current study was to compare the performances of the common assimilate pool and phloem carbohydrate transport models in simulating phloem carbohydrate concentration and organ biomass variability within the whole-plant functional–structural grapevine (Vitis vinifera) model that we developed previously. A statistical approach was developed for calibrating the model with a detailed potted experiment that entails three levels of leaf area per vine during the fruit ripening period. Global sensitivity analysis illustrated that carbohydrate allocation changed with the amount of leaf area as well as the limiting factors for organ biomass development. Under a homogeneous canopy architecture where all grape bunches were equally close to the carbohydrate sources, the common assimilate pool and phloem transport models produced very similar results. However, under a heterogeneous canopy architecture with variable distance between bunches and carbohydrate sources, the coefficient of variation for fruit biomass rose from 0.01 to 0.17 as crop load increased. These results indicate that carbohydrate allocation to fruits is affected by both the size of crop load and fruit distribution, which is not adequately described by the common assimilate pool model. The new grapevine model can also simulate dynamic canopy growth and be adapted to help optimize canopy architecture and quality variability of other perennial fruit crops.
Classification and analysis of asynchronous communication content between care team members involved in breast cancer treatment
Authors: Steitz Bryan D , Sulieman Lina , Warner Jeremy L , Fabbri Daniel , Brown J Thomas , Davis Alyssa L , Unertl Kim M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
A growing research literature has highlighted the work of managing and triaging clinical messages as a major contributor to professional exhaustion and burnout. The goal of this study was to discover and quantify the distribution of message content sent among care team members treating patients with breast cancer.

Materials and Methods
We analyzed nearly two years of communication data from the electronic health record (EHR) between care team members at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. We applied natural language processing to perform sentence-level annotation into one of five information types: clinical, medical logistics, nonmedical logistics, social, and other. We combined sentence-level annotations for each respective message. We evaluated message content by team member role and clinic activity.

Results
Our dataset included 81 857 messages containing 613 877 sentences. Across all roles, 63.4% and 21.8% of messages contained logistical information and clinical information, respectively. Individuals in administrative or clinical staff roles sent 81% of all messages containing logistical information. There were 33.2% of messages sent by physicians containing clinical information—the most of any role.

Discussion and Conclusion
Our results demonstrate that EHR-based asynchronous communication is integral to coordinate care for patients with breast cancer. By understanding the content of messages sent by care team members, we can devise informatics initiatives to improve physicians’ clerical burden and reduce unnecessary interruptions.
Genetic and Usurpation Data Support High Incidence of Bumble Bee Nest Invasion by Socially Parasitic Bumble Bee, Bombus insularis
Authors: Koch Jonathan Berenguer Uhuad , McCabe Lindsie M , Love Byron G , Cox-Foster Diana 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Cuckoo bumble bees (Psithyrus) (Lepeletier, 1832) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) are a unique lineage of bees that depend exclusively on a host bumble bee species to provide nesting material, nutritional resources, and labor to rear offspring. In this study, we document usurpation incidence and population genetic data of Bombus insularis (Smith, 1861) (Hymenoptera: Apidae), a bumble bee species in the Psithyrus subgenus, on field-deployed B. huntii colonies in northern Utah, United States. Within 12 d of deploying B. huntii Greene, 1860 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies at two field sites, 13 of the 16 colonies contained at least one established B. insularis female. Although our results demonstrate that field-deployed bumble bee colonies are highly susceptible to B. insularis usurpation, applying a fabricated excluder to prevent the inquiline from invading a colony was 100% effective. Sibship analysis using microsatellite genotype data of 59 B. insularis females estimates that they originated from at least 49 unique colonies. Furthermore, sibship analysis found siblings distributed between the field sites that were 7.04 km apart. Our result suggests that B. insularis females have the capacity to disperse across the landscape in search of host colonies at distances of at least 3.52 km and up to 7.04 km. Our study underscores the detrimental impact B. insularis usurpation has on the host bumble bee colony. As B. insularis significantly impacts the success of bumble bee colonies, we briefly discuss how the utilization of excluders may be useful for commercial bumble bee colonies that are used to pollinate open field crops.
A case of ultrashort-segment Hirschsprung’s disease discovered after taking polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution for chronic constipation
Authors: Tatekawa Yukihiro 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We report a case of ultrashort-segment Hirschsprung’s disease (HD) involving a 4-year-old girl. She was born at 29 weeks gestation from a twin pregnancy. She weighed 1013 g. After birth, she received glycerin enemas and sodium picosulfate hydrate to facilitate defecation. She passed stool once every 4–5 days. When she was 4 years old, she was medicated with polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution. After she drank the solution twice, the abdomen distended rapidly without passage of stool. An abdominal X-ray showed a stored stool mass and a barium enema study revealed dilatation from the rectum to the sigmoid colon due to the stool mass. She underwent anorectal manometry and a rectal biopsy, and was suspected to have HD. She underwent a Soave endorectal pull-through with an oblique anastomosis. She passed stool 4–10 times a day for 6 months postoperatively, but the frequency of passing stool gradually deceased without medications.
Chromatin accessibility landscapes activated by cell-surface and intracellular immune receptors
Authors: Ding Pingtao , Sakai Toshiyuki , Krishna Shrestha Ram , Manosalva Perez Nicolas , Guo Wenbin , Ngou Bruno Pok Man , He Shengbo , Liu Chang , Feng Xiaoqi , Zhang Runxuan , Vandepoele Klaas , MacLean Dan , Jones Jonathan D G 
Published: August 2021

AbstractActivation of cell-surface and intracellular receptor-mediated immunity results in rapid transcriptional reprogramming that underpins disease resistance. However, the mechanisms by which co-activation of both immune systems lead to transcriptional changes are not clear. Here, we combine RNA-seq and ATAC-seq to define changes in gene expression and chromatin accessibility. Activation of cell-surface or intracellular receptor-mediated immunity, or both, increases chromatin accessibility at induced defence genes. Analysis of ATAC-seq and RNA-seq data combined with publicly available information on transcription factor DNA-binding motifs enabled comparison of individual gene regulatory networks activated by cell-surface or intracellular receptor-mediated immunity, or by both. These results and analyses reveal overlapping and conserved transcriptional regulatory mechanisms between the two immune systems.
Failed-transition outbursts in black hole low-mass X-ray binaries
Authors: Alabarta K , Altamirano D , Méndez M , Cúneo V A , Vincentelli F M , Castro-Segura N , García F , Luff B , Veledina A 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Black hole low-mass X-ray binaries (BH LMXBs) evolve in a similar way during outburst. Based on the X-ray spectrum and variability, this evolution can be divided into three canonical states: low/hard, intermediate, and high/soft state. BH LMXBs evolve from the low/hard to the high/soft state through the intermediate state in some outbursts (here called ‘full outbursts’). However, in other cases, BH LMXBs undergo outbursts in which the source never reaches the high/soft state, here called ‘failed-transition outbursts’ (FT outbursts). From a sample of 56 BH LMXBs undergoing 128 outbursts, we find that 36 per cent of these BH LMXBs experienced at least one FT outburst, and that FT outbursts represent ∼33 per cent of the outbursts of the sample, showing that these are common events. We compare all the available X-ray data of full and FT outbursts of BH LMXBs from RXTE/PCA, Swift/BAT, and MAXI, and find that FT and full outbursts cannot be distinguished from their X-ray light curves, hardness–intensity diagrams, or X-ray variability during the initial 10–60 d after the outburst onset. This suggests that both types of outbursts are driven by the same physical process. We also compare the optical and infrared (O/IR) data of FT and full outbursts of GX 339−4. We found that this system is generally brighter in O/IR bands before an FT outburst, suggesting that the O/IR flux points to the physical process that later leads to a full or an FT outburst. We discuss our results in the context of models that describe the onset and evolution of outbursts in accreting X-ray binaries.
H, He-like recombination spectra – IV. Clarification and refinement of methodology for l-changing collisions
Authors: Badnell N R , Guzmán F , Brodie S , Williams R J R , van Hoof P A M , Chatzikos M , Ferland G J 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Precise spectral diagnostic modelling of H i and He ii recombination spectra can constrain theoretical models that describe many astrophysical environments. Simple analytic expressions are of interest for collisional l-changing rate coefficients that are used by large-scale population modelling codes. We review, clarify, and improve upon the modified Pengelly & Seaton formulae of Guzmán et al. We show that the recent poor results for it shown by Vrinceanu et al. are due to their misinterpretation of its usage. We also detail efficient numerical algorithms which should enable the full quantum mechanical expression for such rate coefficients to be used much more routinely by modelling codes. We illustrate with some collisional-radiative population modelling for hydrogen.
Relationship between abdominal obesity (based on waist circumference) and serum vitamin D levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies
Authors: Hajhashemy Zahra , Foshati Sahar , Saneei Parvane 
Published: August 2021

AbstractContextAlthough previous observational studies have investigated the association between waist circumference (WC) values and serum vitamin D levels, findings have been inconsistent.ObjectiveA systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of abdominal obesity (based on WC) on vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency in adults.Data SourcesA systematic search of the published literature up to September 2020 was conducted in electronic databases, including MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) (Web of Science), Scopus, and Google Scholar, for observational studies that investigated the association between abdominal obesity (based on WC) or different categories of WC as the exposure and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels as the outcome.Data ExtractionEighteen cross-sectional studies were included in the review. The relationship between WC values and combined serum vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency (&lt;30 ng/mL) or vitamin D deficiency (&lt;20 ng/mL) was evaluated.Data AnalysisCombining 8 effect sizes from 5 investigations, including 7997 individuals, illustrated that the highest category of WC, compared with the lowest category of WC, was related to 82% increased odds of combined serum vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency (&lt;30 ng/mL) (OR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.34, 2.49). Moreover, in studies that investigated both genders together, the highest category of WC, compared with the lowest category of WC, was associated with 61% increased odds of serum vitamin D deficiency (&lt;20 ng/mL) (OR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.12, 2.31). The same results were obtained for almost all subgroups for several covariates.ConclusionThis meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies confirmed that increased WC was related to the elevated risk of combined vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in adults. More prospective studies are needed to confirm causality.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO registration no. CRD42020190485.
Sociology of Mass and New Media through an Interactionist Lens
Authors: Wiest Julie B. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores symbolic interactionist insights and perspectives on both mass media and new media, with a concentration on the ways in which different forms of media influence meaning-making through social interaction while also being influenced by those interpretive processes. It also examines the relations between various media and the construction and interpretation of social reality, the ways that media shape the development and presentation of self, and the uses and interpretations of media within and between communities. Although it clearly distinguishes between mass media and new media, the chapter also discusses the variety of ways in which they intersect throughout social life.
Where There’s Fire There’s Smoke
Authors: Odell Margaret S. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
What critics emphasize in their study of the Bible in art depends on a wide range of issues, including the artist’s sociohistorical context, the purpose for which the art is created, and critics’ own interpretive interests. Because all approaches treat biblical art as interpretation in its own right, critics must first address the relationship between text and image. This chapter applies Cheryl Exum’s method of visual criticism to establish a genuine dialogue between biblical texts and their artistic representations in order to interpret figural representations as artistic solutions to textual cruxes. This method is used to elucidate a difficult scene—the painting of Ezekiel’s vision of the valley of dry bones in the Dura-Europos Synagogue. This scene will be examined in light of textual problems in MT Ezekiel 9:1–6, rabbinic textual interpretation of Ezekiel 8-9, and the iconography of idolatry in the cycle of synagogue paintings. The scene does not focus on every detail in these chapters; rather, it produces evidence of idolatry, in the display of bowls and incense burners and, more dramatically, in the portrayal of the executioners’ search for the protective Tau as they carry out the divine command of judgment. The artists’ selection of these two episodes indicates a keen engagement of the artists with questions of identity and idolatry in the religiously plural city of Dura-Europos. Thus explained, the scene clarifies the contribution of the Ezekiel painting to the synagogue cycle’s emphasis on Jewish identity in a polytheist context.
Durkheim and the Sociality of Space
Authors: Schroer Markus 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores the topic of space in Émile Durkheim’s writings. It shows that spatial formations play a key role in his theory of modernity. He assigns to social morphology the task of systematically investigating the material substratum of societies. Of major concern in this regard is how different types of societies relate to space in distinctive ways. His sociological approach encompasses both an epistemological and a social-theoretic perspective on “space.” In effect, it can be argued that Durkheim is not primarily concerned with a society’s dependence on space, but rather with how space is shaped socially. Space is not an abstract category of thought, but the collectively produced foundation for all social activity. Contrary to many subsequent conceptions of space, Durkheim does not differentiate between physical and social space, arguing that physical space is inherently shaped by social practices of classification and division. It is this theoretical notion which, in light of the renewed attention given to materiality and space by proponents of the material and the spatial turn, makes his work seem surprisingly contemporary.
Guilty of Not Being White
Authors: Clayton Marcus 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Punk is inherently music for the oppressed, yet it is often seen as a genre catering exclusively toward white male subcultures. However, when looking at the genesis of punk, one sees a rich history of blackness and radicalization usurped by white artists over time. From Elvis utilizing rock and roll in a more marketable fashion for a white populous than Ray Charles, to Minor Threat’s proclamation that the oppression of whites was on par with anti-blackness, to the mistreatment of black nonbinary punk act Fuck U Pay Us during a sold-out Bikini Kill concert, it is plain to see multiple instances of black punk voices being extinguished by supposed white allies, ultimately altering the histories of a genre centered around marginalized voices. Nevertheless, by dissecting the appropriation of black music and fashion, one begins to see that blackness not only created punk, but still permeates in the genre’s genes on a level more potent than white contemporaries. Looking at Afropunk, 80s Hardcore, the literary work of James Baldwin, and cover songs by black punk bands, this chapter’s argument will seek to understand people of color’s displacement in punk, as well as what steps need to be taken to reclaim identity, subvert the violence of white appropriation, and remain visible in a genre made for people of color.
You Ain’t No Punk, You Punk
Authors: Traber Daniel S. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Punk is unique in that it is the only subculture in which the absence of signifiers of the style and mindset can be twisted into actually representing the style and mindset: when a person says, “You don’t look punk,” the instant retort is “Well, isn’t that actually punk?” This opens an opportunity to reconsider punk’s semiotics, born from a postmodern sensibility, to see how well its signifiers “float.” The essay examines the phenomenon through the concept of doxa, the ideas and beliefs that become “taken for granted” in a community to then function as a tool of social control. A recent example of this is found in the anger expressed within the punk fan community concerning alt-right Trump supporters eagerly touting themselves as the “new punk.” The issue of deploying a closed definition of punk can then be extended to questioning systems of authenticity and ontology in relation to identity as a whole.
Current Issues in Behavioral and Social Science Research Ethics
Authors: DuBois James M. , Lisi Emily C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Many researchers consider behavioral and social science (BSS) studies as “soft” science with negligible ethical risk. However, specific ethical issues arise in BSS research that require special consideration on the part of researchers and ethics review committees. This chapter focuses on these issues within the context of three studies that demonstrate concerns that may arise in conducting BSS research. Topics include deciding what BSS studies should be defined as “research” (or not), risks inherent in specific types of BSS research, protection of privacy and confidentiality, and special considerations in informed consent for BSS studies. Special topics addressed in this chapter include the ethical issues associated with studies utilizing social media and community-based participatory research, as well as the importance of rigor and reproducibility in BSS research in the context of ethical review. Finally, the chapter highlights the necessity of empirical study of ethical issues in BSS research to assess decision-making in an ever-evolving social landscape.
Guidelines, Codes, and Regulations
Authors: Nelson Daniel K. , Forster David 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Research involving human subjects is increasingly global in scope. This research is governed by over 1,000 guidelines, codes, and regulations spanning 130 countries. While there have been some attempts to construct international codes of conduct, particularly in the area of biomedical research, the reality is that these universal codes are superimposed over national and institutional norms, resulting in idiosyncrasies and discrepancies. Even within the United States as a single example, human subjects research is subject to a “patchwork quilt” of regulation, depending on the nature of the research and the source of funding. This chapter will provide an overview of these governing standards, recounting their historical evolution, discussing their key elements, and describing the challenges faced by researchers, sponsors, and regulatory bodies who must navigate this landscape.
Vulnerability in Research with Prisoners
Authors: Christopher Paul P. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Prisoners are often described as a vulnerable research population. This designation, while intuitively appealing, leaves unclear what is meant by “vulnerability” in the context of research with incarcerated individuals. Conceptual clarity would provide the ethical foundation needed to identify the full scope of research protections to afford prisoners. It would also militate against a tendency among some to view all prison research as irredeemably problematic and prohibitive. Drawing on a prior taxonomy of vulnerability, this chapter specifies eight vulnerability types that apply to prisoner research. It describes their predisposing factors and the ethical concerns they raise. It also considers possible strategies for addressing these concerns and highlights areas where effective strategies are lacking or need further development. This framework is intended to guide researchers and institutional review boards in the planning and review of protocols involving prisoners so that they may safeguard prisoners from abuse and promote the ethical advancement of science.
Major Events, State Interference, and Resilience
Authors: Uffelmann Dirk 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This article elucidates the major events of the late Soviet underground, grouping them by trials (Chertkov’s from 1957, Brodsky’s from 1964, and Sinyavsky and Daniel’s from 1966); repressed exhibitions (the Manège exhibition of 1962 and the “Bulldozer Exhibition” of 1974); and publicity projects (Solzhenitsyn’s open letter to the 4th Congress of the Union of Soviet Writers from 1967 and the almanac Metropol’ in 1978). It argues that an “underground event” emerges through state interference into the sphere of unofficial art and literature, forcing individual members to surface from the underground. While most individual targets of repression were eventually expelled, the diffuse underground communities developed recurrent tactics of resilience. The article rounds off with distilling the patterns of resilience applied in the underground to undo the impact of the repression of the nonvoluntary protagonists of major underground events on others.