bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanocellulose‐based wound dressing for conservative wound management in children with second‐degree burns
Authors: Resch Annika , Staud Clement , Radtke Christine 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe initial care of burn wounds and choice of dressing are pivotal to optimally support the healing process. To ensure fast re‐epithelialisation within 10–14 days and prevent complications, an optimal healing environment is essential. An innovative dressing based on nanocellulose was used for the treatment of burns in children. Children (0–16 years) with clean, partial‐thickness burn wounds, 1 to 10% of the total body surface area were included. Complete re‐epithelialisation was achieved within 7–17 days, with 13 patients showing re‐epithelialised >95% by day 10. Satisfying results concerning time to re‐epithelialisation and material handling were obtained. The possibility to leave the dressing on the wounds for 7 days showed a positive effect in the treatment of children, for whom every hospital visit may cause massive stress reactions. The nanocellulose‐based dressing is a promising tool in conservative treatment of burns. Reducing the frequency of dressing changes supports a fast and undisturbed recovery; moreover, the dressing provides an optimal moist healing environment. The time to re‐epithelialisation is comparable to frequently used materials, and cost reduction effect can be achieved without loss of quality. Possible pain and distress levels are kept to a minimum; therefore, flexibility and compliance of the patients and their parents are enhanced.
A systematic meta‐thematic synthesis to examine the views and experiences of women following water immersion during labour and waterbirth
Authors: Feeley Claire , Cooper Megan , Burns Ethel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsTo gather, quality assess, synthesize and interpret the views, feeling, and experiences of women who used water immersion during labour and/or birth.DesignA systematic meta‐thematic synthesis and GRADE‐CERQual.Data sourcesWe searched MEDLINE, CINHAL, PsychINFO, AMED, EMBASE (MIDIRS only), LILACS, AJOL. Additional searches were carried out using Ethos (thesis database), cross‐referencing against Google Scholar and citation chasing. Searches were carried out in August 2019, updated February 2020.MethodsStudies that met the selection criteria were appraised for quality. Data were extracted from the studies using meta‐thematic analytical techniques; coding, descriptive findings, and analytical findings. The descriptive findings were subjected to confidence assessments using GRADE‐CERQual.ResultsSeven studies met the inclusion criteria. Nine key statements of findings were generated – one had high confidence, three moderate, three low and one very low confidence in the findings. The analytical findings generated three main themes: Liberation and Self‐Emancipation, Synergy, transcendence and demarcation and Transformative birth and beyond. Overall, women experienced warm water immersion during labour and/or birth positively. Both the water and pool itself, facilitated women's physical and psychological needs during labour and/or birth, including offering effective analgesia. Our findings indicated that birthing pools are versatile tools that provide for a space that women can adapt and influence to best suit their individual needs.ConclusionWomen who used warm water immersion for labour and/or birth describe liberating and transformative experiences of welcoming their babies into the world. They were empowered, liberated, and satisfied. We recommend maternity professionals and services offer water immersion as a standard method of pain relief during labour/birth.ImpactUnderstanding women's experiences of labour and birth will inform future clinical practice. Midwives are optimally positioned to enhance women's access to water immersion. These findings have implications for education, guideline, and policy development as well as clinical practice.
miR‐34a in extracellular vesicles from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells reduces rheumatoid arthritis inflammation via the cyclin I/ATM/ATR/p53 axis
Authors: Wu Huaiguo , Zhou Xike , Wang Xuedong , Cheng Wei , Hu Xinjia , Wang Yueping , Luo Bing , Huang Wenjun , Gu Juan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (Evs) participate in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the mechanism by which microRNA‐34a (miR‐34a) contained in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BM‐MSC)‐derived Evs functions in RA fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (RA‐FLSs). BM‐MSC‐derived Evs and an Evs inhibitor were extracted. A rat model of RA was established. miR‐34a gain‐ and loss‐of‐function experiments were performed, and the inflammation in rat synovial fluid and tissues was detected. The role of miR‐34a in RA‐FLSs was also measured in vitro. The target gene of miR‐34a was predicted using the online software TargetScan and identified using a dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay, and the activation of the ATM/ATR/p53 signalling pathway was assessed. BM‐MSC‐derived Evs mainly elevated miR‐34a expression, which reduced RA inflammation in vivo and inhibited RA‐FLS proliferation and resistance to apoptosis in vitro, while inhibited miR‐34a expression enhanced RA development. In addition, miR‐34a could target cyclin I to activate the ATM/ATR/p53 signalling pathway, thus inhibiting abnormal RA‐FLS growth and RA inflammation. Our study showed that miR‐34a contained in BM‐MSC‐derived Evs could reduce RA inflammation by inhibiting the cyclin I/ATM/ATR/p53 signalling pathway.
The tyrosine kinase v‐Src modifies cytotoxicities of anticancer drugs targeting cell division
Authors: Yuki Ryuzaburo , Hagino Mari , Ueno Sachi , Kuga Takahisa , Saito Youhei , Fukumoto Yasunori , Yamaguchi Noritaka , Yamaguchi Naoto , Nakayama Yuji 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTv‐Src oncogene causes cell transformation through its strong tyrosine kinase activity. We have revealed that v‐Src‐mediated cell transformation occurs at a low frequency and it is attributed to mitotic abnormalities‐mediated chromosome instability. v‐Src directly phosphorylates Tyr‐15 of cyclin‐dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), thereby causing mitotic slippage and reduction in Eg5 inhibitor cytotoxicity. However, it is not clear whether v‐Src modifies cytotoxicities of the other anticancer drugs targeting cell division. In this study, we found that v‐Src restores cancer cell viability reduced by various microtubule‐targeting agents (MTAs), although v‐Src does not alter cytotoxicity of DNA‐damaging anticancer drugs. v‐Src causes mitotic slippage of MTAs‐treated cells, consequently generating proliferating tetraploid cells. We further demonstrate that v‐Src also restores cell viability reduced by a polo‐like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitor. Interestingly, treatment with Aurora kinase inhibitor strongly induces cell death when cells express v‐Src. These results suggest that the v‐Src modifies cytotoxicities of anticancer drugs targeting cell division. Highly activated Src‐induced resistance to MTAs through mitotic slippage might have a risk to enhance the malignancy of cancer cells through the increase in chromosome instability upon chemotherapy using MTAs.
The Latent Diffusion Network among National Parliaments in the Early Warning System of the European Union
Authors: Malang Thomas , Leifeld Philip 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSince the Treaty of Lisbon, national parliamentary chambers in the European Union can issue reasoned opinions on legislative proposals by the European Commission. These individual reasoned opinions lead to a review if at least one third of all chambers raise such concerns. Hence, coordination among parliaments is key. Using advances in inferential network analysis, this article infers the underlying diffusion pathways among national parliaments through which chambers are related to each other in their decisions to raise subsidiarity concerns. The emerging diffusion network is characterised by a compartmentalization into communities of European Union budget net contributor and net recipient countries. This descriptive finding has implications for the institutional effectiveness and aspired democratic legitimacy of the Early Warning System. A multivariate statistical network analysis confirms that diffusion occurs among net recipient countries and that weak institutions follow the lead of strong institutions in the Early Warning System.
Updated assessment of potential biopesticide options for managing fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in Africa
Authors: Bateman Melanie L. , Day Roger K. , Rwomushana Ivan , Subramanian Sevgan , Wilson Kenneth , Babendreier Dirk , Luke Belinda , Edgington Steve 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe fall armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda) has recently spread to many countries in Africa, the Near East, Asia and the Pacific. In sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA), more than 300 million people depend on FAW’s preferred host plant, maize, as a staple crop. Hence, the spread of FAW in SSA has the potential to negatively affect livelihoods and food security. Many farmers have responded to FAW by increasing their use of synthetic pesticides, but these are not always used safely or effectively. More information on sustainable alternatives to high‐risk synthetic pesticides is needed to inform decisions by farmers and policy makers. In a previous paper, the authors responded to this information need by identifying fifty biopesticides which had been registered for FAW management in one or more of 30 countries in FAWs native region and Africa. For each biopesticide identified, detailed profiles with information on their efficacy against FAW; associated human health and environmental hazards; their agronomic sustainability; and whether or not they are practical for use by smallholder farmers were developed Research for development (R4D) efforts is ongoing in Africa and Asia for development and use of biopesticides for FAW management. Hence, in this study the authors assessed the current state of knowledge and documented how information gaps have been filled (or not) since the previous paper was published. The authors found that for many biopesticides there is a growing body of information on their efficacy in the field in Africa and increased availability of commercialized products. They also note remaining information gaps, particularly the compatibility of the biopesticides with other recommended management practices, and cost‐benefit analyses, important for developing and implementing sustainable IPM. An updated list of priority biopesticides for research, development and promotion is provided.
Clinical manifestations of placental mesenchymal dysplasia in Japan: A multicenter case series
Authors: Kodera Chisato , Aoki Saori , Ohba Takashi , Higashimoto Ken , Mikami Yoshiki , Fukunaga Masaharu , Soejima Hidenobu , Katabuchi Hidetaka 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to evaluate the clinical features and pregnancy outcomes of placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) in Japan.MethodsWe requested detailed clinical information and placental tissue of PMD cases in 2000–2018 from Japanese facilities with departments of obstetrics and gynecology and analyzed the pregnancy course and neonatal outcomes.ResultsWe collected 49 cases of PMD. Of 18 patients with measured maternal serum alpha‐fetoprotein (MSAFP) levels, 15 (83.3%) had elevated levels. Maternal serum human chorionic gonadotropin (MShCG) levels were transiently elevated in five (17.8%) of 28 patients. Forty‐seven patients continued their pregnancies. All pregnancies were singleton and 40 (85.1%) were associated with adverse events including fetal growth restriction (FGR), threatened premature delivery, fetal demise, and hypertensive disorder of pregnancy in 34 (72.3%), 14 (29.8%), eight (17.0%), and six (12.8%) patients, respectively. Of 47 infants, there were eight stillbirths. There were 40 (85.1%) female infants, and eight (17.0%) had Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome. Of 39 live births, 23 (59.0%) were associated with premature induction of labor or cesarean section for obstetric indications related to FGR. Eighteen (46.2%) neonates had complications. PMD‐affected placentas were pathologically heterogeneous in both grossly PMD‐affected and non‐affected areas.ConclusionsOur study included the largest number of PMD cases with detailed clinical information. PMD is a high‐risk condition for both the mother and the child. Elevated MSAFP levels with normal MShCG levels indicate PMD. Conventional perinatal management of FGR in Japan might be effective in reducing the fetal mortality rate.
Advanced MRI Findings in Medulloblastomas: Relationship to Genetic Subtypes, Histopathology, and Immunohistochemistry
Authors: Reis Jonas , Stahl Robert , Zimmermann Hanna , Ruf Viktoria , Thon Niklas , Kunz Mathias , Liebig Thomas , Forbrig Robert 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEFor diagnosis of medulloblastoma, the updated World Health Organization classification now demands for genetic typing, defining more precisely the tumor biology, therapy, and prognosis. We investigated potential associations between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters including apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and neuropathologic features of medulloblastoma, focusing on genetic subtypes.METHODSThis study was a retrospective single‐center analysis of 32 patients (eight females, median age = 9 years [range, 1‐57], mean 12.6 ± 11.3) from 2012 to 2019. Genetic subtypes (wingless [WNT]; sonic hedgehog [SHH]; non‐WNT/non‐SHH), histopathology, immunohistochemistry (p53, Ki67), and the following MRI parameters were correlated: tumor volume, location (midline, pontocerebellar, and cerebellar hemisphere), edema, hydrocephalus, metastatic disease (presence/absence and each), contrast‐enhancement (minor, moderate, and distinct), cysts (none, small, and large), hemorrhage (none, minor, and major), and ADCmean. The ADCmean was calculated using manually set regions of interest within the solid tumor. Statistics comprised univariate and multivariate testing.RESULTSOut of 32 tumors, three tumors were WNT activated (9.4%), 13 (40.6%) SHH activated, and 16 (50.0%) non‐WNT/non‐SHH. Hemispherical location (n = 7/8, P = .003) and presence of edema (8/8; P < .001, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100%) were significantly associated with SHH activation. The combined parameter “no edema + no metastatic disease + cysts” significantly discriminated WNT‐activated from SHH‐activated medulloblastoma (P = .036). ADCmean (10–6 mm2/s) was 484 for WNT‐activated, 566 for SHH‐activated, and 624 for non‐WNT/non‐SHH subtypes (P = .080). A significant negative correlation was found between ADCmean and Ki67 (r = –.364, P = .040).CONCLUSIONMRI analysis enabled noninvasive differentiation of SHH‐activated medulloblastoma. ADC alone was not reliable for genetic characterization, but associated with tumor proliferation rate.
Heart rate variability and obstructive sleep apnea: Current perspectives and novel technologies
Authors: Ucak Seren , Dissanayake Hasthi U. , Sutherland Kate , de Chazal Philip , Cistulli Peter A. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent condition, resulting in recurrent hypoxic events, sleep arousal, and daytime sleepiness. Patients with OSA are at an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms underlying the development of cardiovascular disease in OSA are multifactorial and cause a cascade of events. The primary contributing factor is sympathetic overactivity. Heart rate variability (HRV) can be used to evaluate shifts in the autonomic nervous system, during sleep and in response to treatment in patients with OSA. Newer technologies are aimed at improving HRV analysis to accelerate processing time, improve the diagnosis of OSA, and detection of cardiovascular risk. The present review will present contemporary understandings and uses for HRV, specifically in the realms of physiology, technology, and clinical management.
Interventions using behavioural insights to influence children's diet‐related outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Chambers Timothy , Segal Alexa , Sassi Franco 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThe global prevalence of children with overweight and obesity continues to rise. Obesity in childhood has dire long‐term consequences on health, social and economic outcomes. Promising interventions using behavioural insights to address obesity in childhood have emerged. This systematic review examines the effectiveness and health equity implications of interventions using behavioural insights to improve children's diet‐related outcomes. The search strategy included searches on six electronic databases, reference lists of previous systematic reviews and backward searching of all included studies. One‐hundred and eight papers describing 137 interventions were included. Interventions using behavioural insights were effective at modifying children's diet‐related outcomes in 74% of all included interventions. The most promising approaches involved using incentives, changing defaults and modifying the physical environment. Information provision alone was the least effective approach. Health equity implications were rarely analysed or discussed. There was limited evidence of the sustainability of interventions—both in relation to their overall effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness. The limited evidence on health equity, long‐term effectiveness and the cost‐effectiveness of these interventions limit what can be inferred for policymakers. This review synthesises the use of behavioural insights to improve children's diet‐related outcomes, which can be used to inform future interventions.
Arabidopsis sirtuins and poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerases regulate gene expression in the day but do not affect circadian rhythms
Authors: Kim Jun Hyeok , Bell Laura J. , Wang Xiao , Wimalasekera Rinuckshi , Bastos Hugo P. , Kelly Krystyna A. , Hannah Matthew A. , Webb Alex A. R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNicotinamide‐adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is involved in redox homeostasis and acts as a substrate for NADases, including poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerases (PARPs) that add poly(ADP‐ribose) polymers to proteins and DNA, and sirtuins that deacetylate proteins. Nicotinamide, a by‐product of NADases increases circadian period in both plants and animals. In mammals, the effect of nicotinamide on circadian period might be mediated by the PARPs and sirtuins because they directly bind to core circadian oscillator genes. We have investigated whether PARPs and sirtuins contribute to the regulation of the circadian oscillator in Arabidopsis. We found no evidence that PARPs and sirtuins regulate the circadian oscillator of Arabidopsis or are involved in the response to nicotinamide. RNA‐seq analysis indicated that PARPs regulate the expression of only a few genes, including FLOWERING LOCUS C. However, we found profound effects of reduced sirtuin 1 expression on gene expression during the day but not at night, and an embryo lethal phenotype in knockouts. Our results demonstrate that PARPs and sirtuins are not associated with NAD regulation of the circadian oscillator and that sirtuin 1 is associated with daytime regulation of gene expression.
An auxin‐mediated regulatory framework for wound‐induced adventitious root formation in tomato shoot explants
Authors: Alaguero‐Cordovilla Aurora , Sánchez‐García Ana Belén , Ibáñez Sergio , Albacete Alfonso , Cano Antonio , Acosta Manuel , Pérez‐Pérez José Manuel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAdventitious roots (ARs) are produced from non‐root tissues in response to different environmental signals, such as abiotic stresses, or after wounding, in a complex developmental process that requires hormonal crosstalk. Here, we characterized AR formation in young seedlings of Solanum lycopersicum cv. ‘Micro‐Tom’ after whole root excision by means of physiological, genetic and molecular approaches. We found that a regulated basipetal auxin transport from the shoot and local auxin biosynthesis triggered by wounding are both required for the re‐establishment of internal auxin gradients within the vasculature. This promotes cell proliferation at the distal cambium near the wound in well‐defined positions of the basal hypocotyl and during a narrow developmental window. In addition, a pre‐established pattern of differential auxin responses along the apical‐basal axis of the hypocotyl and an as of yet unknown cell‐autonomous inhibitory pathway contribute to the temporal and spatial patterning of the newly formed ARs on isolated hypocotyl explants. Our work provides an experimental outline for the dissection of wound‐induced AR formation in tomato, a species that is suitable for molecular identification of gene regulatory networks via forward and reverse genetics approaches.
Acetaminophen elevates unbound bilirubin levels by the glucose oxidase‐peroxidase method
Authors: Ichimura Shintaro , Kakita Hiroki , Asai Shimpei , Mori Mari , Takeshita Satoru , Ueda Hiroko , Kondo Tomoko , Ohashi Wataru , Okumura Akihisa , Yamada Yasumasa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcetaminophen is widely administered to neonates but its effect on unbound bilirubin (UB) levels remains unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify whether administration of acetaminophen is related to an elevation of UB levels.MethodInfants with a birthweight of ˂1,500 g admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit between January 2017 and April 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Seventy‐one infants were enrolled, five of whom had received acetaminophen. Clinical data were analyzed when the highest UB value (UB peak) in each infant was recorded. Demographic data and information on treatment within the 24 h before the UB peak were also collected. UB was determined by the glucose oxidase‐peroxidase (GOD‐POD) method. Infants were categorized according to the presence or absence of acetaminophen administration (acetaminophen and no acetaminophen groups) within 24 h of the UB peak. The relationship between UB values and various clinical variables was then compared.ResultsBoth the peak UB value and the ratio of gastrointestinal disease were higher in the acetaminophen group than in the no acetaminophen group. Univariate analysis revealed that a total of seven variables were potentially correlated with UB peak values (P < 0.10). Multivariate analysis showed that acetaminophen and direct bilirubin were independently associated with UB peak values.ConclusionOur study suggests that administration of acetaminophen is related to higher UB levels by the GOD‐POD method. UB values measured by the GOD‐POD method should not be used in infants treated with acetaminophen for evaluation of bilirubin neurotoxicity avoidance.