bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bearing capacity of a square shallow foundation on swelling soil using a numerical approach
Authors: Khennouf Abdelaziz , Baheddi Mohamed 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
The estimation of bearing capacity for shallow foundations in swelling soil is an important and complex context. The complexity is due to the unsaturated swelling soil related to the drying and humidification environment. Hence, a serious study is needed to evaluate the effect of swelling potential soil on the foundation bearing capacity. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the bearing capacity of a rough square foundation founded on a homogeneous swelling soil mass, subjected to vertical loads.

Design/methodology/approach
A proposed numerical model based on the simulation of the swelling pressure in the initial state, followed by an elastoplastic behavior model may be used to calculate the foundation bearing capacity. The analyses were carried out using the finite-difference software (FLAC 3 D) with an elastic perfectly plastic Mohr–Coulomb constitutive model. Moreover, the numerical results obtained are compared with the analytical solutions proposed in the literature.

Findings
The numerical results were in good agreement with the analytical solutions proposed in the literature. Also, reasonable capacity and performance of the proposed numerical model.

Originality/value
The proposed numerical model is capable to predict the bearing capacity of the homogeneous swelling soil mass loaded by a shallow foundation. Also, it will be of great use for geotechnical engineers and researchers in the field.
Variation in salinity tolerance and water use strategies in an introduced woody halophyte (Tamarix spp.)
Authors: Long Randall W. , D'Antonio Carla M. , Dudley Tom L. , Hultine Kevin R. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

The form and function of terrestrial plants is largely governed by the availability of water, with plants in water‐limited environments expressing traits minimizing water loss and tissue damage during drought. Areas with high salinity are analogous to those with low water availability, even where water is abundant. We evaluated variation in salinity tolerance and water use strategies in an introduced halophytic shrub, Tamarix spp by measuring gas exchange rates, biomass accumulation and turgor loss points. We hypothesized that salinity tolerance is not uniformly expressed, with high salinity ecotypes expressing more conservative water use traits that maximize hydraulic safety over high conductance rates.

We studied two populations of Tamarix spp. along the lower Colorado River, where groundwater salinity differed by nearly sixfold. Cuttings collected from the sites were grown in a greenhouse with five salinity levels from 0 to 32 parts per thousand (ppt), imposing increasing water limitation.

In situ measurements of leaf water potentials (Ψ) and branch xylem anatomy were taken on ecotypes sourced from high‐ and low‐salinity sites. In the greenhouse, biomass and gas exchange rates were evaluated over the 0–32 ppt salinity gradient, and a separate dry down experiment was performed to determine turgor loss points and stomatal responses to drying soils.

In the greenhouse, the low salinity population accumulated 72% more biomass when grown at 4 ppt compared to 16 ppt, while the high salinity population produced 50% more biomass when grown at 16 ppt. Net carbon assimilation was greater at lower salinities in the low salinity population but independent of salinity in the high salinity population. The high salinity population had a lower turgor loss point and exhibited greater stomatal control relative to the low salinity population.

Synthesis. Results provide evidence for divergence of traits related to plant water use across salinity gradients in this recently introduced halophyte. Local adaptation to increased salinity has implications in aridland riparian ecosystems, where water management or drought may lead to altered soil salinities. The interaction of trait variation within Tamarix spp. and increasing salinity is likely to favour its continued dominance.
‘Traditional Birth Attendants’ and Reproductive Expertise in Postcolonial Mali
Authors: Golaszewski Devon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOver the twentieth century, Malian families turned to older women reproductive specialists like excisers (who initiated young women into adulthood), nuptial counsellors (who educated women for sex within marriage) and popular midwives. Their work reflected an expansive understanding of health and fertility. In the 1970s, Mali's government sought to incorporate ‘traditional medicine’ into the health system. State health workers trained popular midwives as ‘Traditional Birth Attendants’ (TBA). The same health workers defined nuptial counselling and excision as un‐therapeutic and outdated cultural practices. Comparing these responses reveals the role of gender and social status in the making of an African health system.
Thermal processing implications on the digestibility of meat, fish and seafood proteins
Authors: Bhat Zuhaib F. , Morton James D. , Bekhit Alaa El‐Din A. , Kumar Sunil , Bhat Hina F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThermal processing is an inevitable part of the processing and preparation of meat and meat products for human consumption. However, thermal processing techniques, both commercial and domestic, induce modifications in muscle proteins which can have implications for their digestibility. The nutritive value of muscle proteins is closely related to their digestibility in the gastrointestinal tract and is determined by the end products that it presents in the assimilable form (amino acids and small peptides) for the absorption. The present review examines how different thermal processing techniques, such as sous‐vide, microwave, stewing, roasting, boiling, frying, grilling, and steam cooking, affect the digestibility of muscle proteins in the gastrointestinal tract. By altering the functional and structural properties of muscle proteins, thermal processing has the potential to influence the digestibility negatively or positively, depending on the processing conditions. Thermal processes such as sous‐vide can induce favourable changes, such as partial unfolding or exposure of cleavage sites, in muscle proteins and improve their digestibility whereas processes such as stewing and roasting can induce unfavourable changes, such as protein aggregation, severe oxidation, cross linking or increased disulfide (S‐S) content and decrease the susceptibility of proteins during gastrointestinal digestion. The review examines how the underlying mechanisms of different processing conditions can be translated into higher or lower protein digestibility in detail. This review expands the current understanding of muscle protein digestion and generates knowledge that will be indispensable for optimizing the digestibility of thermally processed muscle foods for maximum nutritional benefits and optimal meal planning.
Slow digestion‐oriented dietary strategy to sustain the secretion of GLP‐1 for improved glucose homeostasis
Authors: Qin Wangyan , Ying Wang , Hamaker Bruce , Zhang Genyi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDysregulated glucose metabolism is associated with many chronic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and strategies to restore and maintain glucose homeostasis are essential to health. The incretin hormone of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) is known to play a critical role in regulating glucose homeostasis and dietary nutrients are the primary stimuli to the release of intestinal GLP‐1. However, the GLP‐1 producing enteroendocrine L‐cells are mainly distributed in the distal region of the gastrointestinal tract where there are almost no nutrients to stimulate the secretion of GLP‐1 under normal situations. Thus, a dietary strategy to sustain the release of GLP‐1 was proposed, and the slow digestion property and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP‐IV) inhibitory activity of food components, approaches to reduce the rate of food digestion, and mechanisms to sustain the release of GLP‐1 were reviewed. A slow digestion‐oriented dietary approach through encapsulation of nutrients, incorporation of viscous dietary fibers, and enzyme inhibitors of phytochemicals in a designed whole food matrix will be implemented to efficiently reduce the digestion rate of food nutrients, potentiate their distal deposition and a sustained secretion of GLP‐1, which will be beneficial to improved glucose homeostasis and health.
Genome‐wide in vitro and in vivo RNAi screens reveal Fer3 to be an important regulator of kkv transcription in Drosophila
Authors: Yue Xiangzhao , Liang Yongkang , Wei Zhishuang , Lv Jun , Cai Yongjin , Fan Xiaobin , Zhang Wenqing , Chen Jie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractKrotzkopf verkehrt (kkv) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of chitin, an important component of the Drosophila epidermis, trachea, and other tissues. Here, we report the use of comprehensive RNA interference (RNAi) analyses to search for kkv transcriptional regulators. A cell‐based RNAi screen identified 537 candidate kkv regulators on a genome‐wide scale. Subsequent use of transgenic Drosophila lines expressing RNAi constructs enabled in vivo validation, and we identified six genes as potential kkv transcriptional regulators. Weakening of the kkvDsRed signal, an in vivo reporter indicating kkv promoter activity, was observed when the expression of Akirin, NFAT, 48 related 3 (Fer3), or Autophagy‐related 101(Atg101) was knocked down in Drosophila at the 3rd‐instar larval stage; whereas we observed disoriented taenidial folds on larval tracheae when Lines (lin) or Autophagy‐related 3 (Atg3) was knocked down in the tracheae. Fer3, in particular, has been shown to be an important factor in the activation of kkv transcription via specific binding with the kkv promoter. The genes involved in the chitin synthesis pathway were widely affected by the downregulation of Fer3. Furthermore, Atg101, Atg3, Akirin, Lin, NFAT, Pnr, and Abd‐A showed that the potential complex mechanism of kkv transcription is regulated by an interaction network with bithorax complex components. Our study revealed the hitherto unappreciated diversity of modulators impinging on kkv transcription and opens new avenues in the study of kkv regulation and chitin biosynthesis.
Mining the Data Oceans, Profiting on the Margins
Authors: Ebeling Mary F. E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAmerican capitalist medicine has produced a national healthcare system that is the most expensive – and producing the worse outcomes for patients – in the world. For many patients, social inequities and racial disparities embedded throughout the US healthcare system have only deepened and intensified over the last two decades, with very few realizing the promises made by medical technological innovation. Healthcare policy makers are turning to ‘data‐driven healthcare’ as a solution to these endemic problems. Yet the promise that digital technologies and data analytics will solve some of the most vexing questions in medical science, and will make healthcare more accessible, affordable, and equitable, in fact, hides the ongoing, structural inequities and injustices in health care.
What’s Technology Got to Do With It? Power, Politics, and Health Equity Beyond Technological Triumphalism
Authors: Cortinois Andrea A. , Birn Anne‐Emanuelle 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we critically discuss whether digital technology can address health inequities. We reflect on the role technology plays in support of an economic model that produces increasingly significant socio‐economic inequalities, both within and across countries. We focus in particular on the role that technology plays in deepening the historical North/South chasm, briefly analysing economic, political, social, and cultural implications. We conclude by emphasizing how technology can indeed be a useful tool, but only when it is embedded in popular action or policies that redistribute power and resources.
The Too‐Narrow Policy Debate: Lessons from Agricultural Biotechnology for Digital Technology
Authors: Mahajan Manjari 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe COVID pandemic has brought a spectacular prominence to the role of digital technologies in public health. However, the policy discourse about digital technology has been for the most part strikingly narrow. Even as there is a discussion of the impact of particular digital tools, there is relatively little deliberation on the broader issues of how these technologies are reconstituting core aspects of health systems and polities. How did we get to a narrow debate on a vast topic? One way to understand this irony is by turning to the history of an older technology, namely agricultural biotechnology. This article focuses on two dominant framings that significantly narrowed the debates on agricultural biotechnology: first, a narrative that had a relentless focus on agricultural biotechnology as a neatly delineated field that produced stable products, and second, the ascent of a language of ethics that elided structural explanations and addressed only downstream impacts. The brief foray into the early years of agricultural biotechnology is useful in understanding contemporary politics of digital technology.
Guide for community leaders to meet the challenges of personal preparation in the event of a disaster
Authors: Ingham Valerie , Islam Mir Rabiul , Hicks John , Burmeister Oliver 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveIn the aftermath of fires which swept through a regional community in 2013, community leaders were thrust, unprepared, into the disaster recovery arena. The objective of this research was to investigate the subsequent lived experience of these community leaders and, based on this information, develop a guide to meet the challenges for their personal preparation in the context of disaster.DesignEthical approval for the overarching Community Connections project was provided by Charles Sturt University (H2014073). The project design was informed by an interpretivist paradigm and the methodology embraced participatory action research and thus engaged community members and leaders as research partners. This paper reports on the community leader component of the overarching project.SettingBlue Mountains, New South Wales, Australia.ParticipantsThere were 7 interview participants in both 2014 and 2018; 5 participated in both years. Participants were either managers of a local non‐government organisation, peak body, school, emergency service or large relief organisation with a local presence.Main outcome measureThe development of a guide for the personal preparation of community leaders.ResultsThe stress of community leaders escalated after the disaster, resulting in a debilitating blurring of professional and personal boundaries, heightened demand on personal knowledge, networking relationships and communication strategies.ConclusionThe guide is practical and far reaching; the researchers could not locate anything similar to guide community leaders in their personal planning and preparation for work in disaster recovery.
Growth and morphologic response of rumen methanogenic archaea and bacteria to cashew nut shell liquid and its alkylphenol components
Authors: Wakai Makimi , Hayashi Shusuke , Chiba Yuko , Koike Satoshi , Nagashima Kyo , Kobayashi Yasuo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe growth and morphology of rumen methanogenic archaea (15 strains of 10 species in 5 genera, including 7 strains newly isolated in the present study) and bacteria (14 species in 12 genera) were investigated using unsupplemented in vitro pure cultures and cultures supplemented with cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) and its phenolic compound components, anti‐methanogenic agents for ruminant animals. Growth of most of the methanogens tested was inhibited by CNSL and alkylphenols at different concentrations ranging from 1.56 to 12.5 μg/ml. Of the alkylphenols tested, anacardic acid exhibited the most potent growth inhibition. Three gram‐negative bacterial species involved in propionate production were resistant to CNSL and alkylphenols (>50 μg/ml). All the methanogens and bacteria that were sensitive to CNSL and alkylphenols exhibited altered morphology; disruption of the cell surface was notable, possibly due to surfactant activity of the tested materials. Cells division was inhibited in some organisms, with cell elongation and unclear septum formation observed. These results indicate that CNSL and alkylphenols, particularly anacardic acid, inhibit both rumen bacteria and methanogens in a selective manner, which could help mitigate rumen methane generation.
Caring for survivors: Do CSR policies matter for post‐restructuring employee performance?
Authors: Cornea Delia , Titova Yulia , Le Roy Jeanne 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOrganizational restructuring involving mass layoffs is an integral part of the corporate strategic landscape. While aimed at increasing a company’s efficiency and profitability, it often falls short of desired objectives, partly due to negative consequences for remaining employees, the so‐called “survivors”. As workforce reductions may jeopardize a company’s legitimacy, we develop a model that links the change in post‐restructuring employee productivity to the factors that help mitigate legitimacy issues. By using a comprehensive and innovative dataset of restructuring announcements reported by European companies over the post‐crisis period, we analyze the moderating effect of the restructuring extent on the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and economic justification as legitimacy tools in counterbalancing the negative effects of job reduction measures. Our findings reveal that in reactive layoffs, induced by financial difficulties, initially high levels of CSR help lessen negative effects of restructuring on employee productivity in low‐extent restructuring events; while in high‐extent restructuring events employee productivity is supported by continuing investments in CSR. We provide evidence that both the level and dynamics of CSR practices play a significant role, and their effect on employee performance is conditional on the restructuring context.
Perspectives on Social Withdrawal in Childhood: Past, Present, and Prospects
Authors: Rubin Kenneth H. , Chronis‐Tuscano Andrea 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this article, we provide definitional clarity for the construct of social withdrawal as it was originally construed, and review the original theoretical and conceptual bases that led to the first research program dedicated to the developmental study of social withdrawal (the Waterloo Longitudinal Project). We also describe correlates (e.g., social and social‐cognitive incompetence), precursors (e.g., dispositional characteristics, parenting, insecure attachment), and consequences (e.g., peer rejection and victimization, negative self‐regard, anxiety) of social withdrawal, and discuss how the study of this type of withdrawal led to a novel intervention that targets risk factors that predict social withdrawal and its negative consequences.
Hard and soft tissue healing around implants with a modified implant neck configuration: An experimental in vivo preclinical investigation
Authors: Palombo David , Rahmati Maryam , Vignoletti Fabio , Sanz‐Esporrin Javier , Haugen Håvard Jostein , Sanz Mariano 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesEvaluate the dimensions and morphology of peri‐implant tissues around a modified dental implant designed with tissue level connection and a convergent transmucosal neck, when compared with a conventional bone level implant connected to a cylindrical machined titanium abutment.Material and methodsEight experimental animals were used for this in vivo investigation, in whom 16 test and 16 control implants were placed following a random allocation sequence. The following histological outcomes at 4 and 12 weeks were evaluated: morphology of peri‐implant tissues, the soft tissue height and thickness, the horizontal and vertical bone remodeling, and the bone to implant contact (BIC).ResultsIn both early (4 weeks) and late (12 weeks) healing times, there were no statistically significant differences between test and control implants, with respect to the overall height and thickness of the peri‐implant hard and soft tissues. There was a tendency toward a more coronal free gingival margin (I‐FGM) at the buccal aspect of test when compared to control implants (at 4 weeks, difference of 0.97 mm (p = .572) and 0.30 mm (p = 1.000) at 12 weeks). Similarly, there was a tendency toward a more coronal position of the first bone to implant contact (I‐B) at the buccal aspect of test as compared to control implants (1.08 mm (p = 0.174) at 4 weeks and 0.83 mm (p = 0.724) at 12 weeks).ConclusionsHard and soft tissue healing occurred at both implant types with no statistically significant differences. Test implants tended to present a more coronal gingival margin (FGM) and first bone to implant contact (B).
Short strategic implants for mandibular removable partial dentures: One‐year results from a pilot randomized crossover abutment type study
Authors: Enkling Norbert , Nauli Joël , Kraus Dominik , Wittneben Julia Gabriela , Schimmel Martin , Abou‐Ayash Samir 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe present pilot study analyzed two abutment types (a retentive ball and a non‐retentive dome) in implant‐assisted removable partial dentures (IARPDs) on 6 mm short implants with respect to clinical, radiological, and patient‐reported outcomes (PROs), during the first year.Materials and MethodsTwo implants were placed bilaterally in mandibular molar sites, converting existing free‐end removable partial dentures (RPDs) to IARPDs. Twelve subjects were randomized to initially receive either the dome (Group A, n = 6) or the ball abutment (Group B, n = 6). After eight weeks, the abutments were exchanged. After another 8 weeks, the participants were given the choice of one of the abutments. Mean values and standard deviations (SD) were calculated, and random‐effect linear regression analyses were applied to analyze marginal bone level alterations and PROs (α < .05).ResultsTwelve participants were included in the study; however, one dropout occurred. Patient ratings increased significantly in both study groups. The majority of the participants (82%) ultimately chose the ball abutment. The implant survival rate was 100%, and the success rate was 90.9% twelve months after implant placement (mean peri‐implant bone‐loss: −1.2; SD: 0.6 mm) without a statistically significant difference between the study groups, in terms of clinical‐ and radiological outcomes.ConclusionPlacing 6 mm short implants at mandibular molar sites of RPD wearers seems to be a viable treatment option, based on this investigation with a short‐term follow‐up. Although only minor differences between the two abutments were observed, patients seem to prefer the ball over the dome abutment.