bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A RESEARCH ON PHARMACUETICAL PREPARATION OF TAMRA GARBHA POTTALI
Authors: Himabindu  , Ravi Chavan  , M.S.Doddamani  
Published: May 2021

Ayurveda a science of life bloomed on its own concepts of health maintenance and curative aspects. One of the prenomial off shoot of Ayurveda is Rasashastra, an Indian alchemy. Pottali kalpana is a peculiar pharmaceutical dosage form, is unique in terms of its preparation, mode of administration, quick in action, less dose and easy for transportation. Tamra Garbha pottali (TMGP) is one such herbo-mineral-metallic complex formulation containing Tamra bhasma (T.B), Shodita Swarna, Hingulotta Parada and Shodhit Gandhaka. Among the different pharmaceutical methods, Gandhaka paka method is considered to be the best method to enhance the properties of the drugs and to keep them in a concise form.
Pilot study of 6 Pottalis was conducted to standardize the temperature required to do Pottali paka and to assess the Pottali siddi lakshanas like Vyoma varna of Gandhaka paka, hardness of Pottali and changes of silk cloth tied to the Pottali. The main study conducted in 2 batches on the standards made by the pilot study. Observations made on the time duration required for the study, temperature to be given to Paka, changes in the Gandhaka varna till attainment Vyoma varna noted. The Study gave standard pharmaceutical method of Pottali paka w.s.r to Tamra garbha pottali.
Scientific Approach in Improving Science Learning Activities of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Students
Authors: HS Syamsidar , S Samsinar 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: This study aims to examine the application of scientific approaches in learning in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, classify the forms of learning activities of learners in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, and analyze the significant influence between scientific approaches to student learning activities in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, Indonesia.
Approach/Methodology/Design: In this study, a mixed method is employed. The instruments in this study are observation guidelines, interview guidelines, questionnaire guidelines, and document analysis. Data were collected through observation, questionnaires, documentation, and reference tracing. Data processing and analysis techniques are carried out in two ways, namely processing and analyzing data qualitatively and quantitatively, including descriptive analysis, and simple linear regression analysis.
Findings: The results of this study show that in general Madrasah Ibtidaiyah teachers have applied a scientific approach in science learning in accordance with the procedures contained in the thematic learning of 2013 curriculum. In terms of students' learning activities, science teachers have improved students' learning activities through visual, oral, listening, writing, drawing, motoric, mental, and emotional activities. The scientific approach employed has positively influenced learning activities with the regression value obtained at 0.436.
Practical Implication: The implication of this research is that systemic and systematic measures are needed in developing a scientific approach from the authorities with the provision of adequate facilities in order to implement it more optimally. Employing scientific approaches improve students’ learning process not only in Madrasah, but contributes to the development of scientific thinking can be done by parents in the family environment.
Originality/value: This research is useful for teachers in developing pedagogic and professional competencies.
OUTCOME OF TOTAL LARYNGECTOMY IN MANAGEMENT OF LARYNGEAL CANCER IN PORT HARCOURT, NIGERIA
Authors: Nwogbo A , Osuji A E 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The larynx is the voice box responsible for voice production when air passes through it. The glottis is the commonest subregion of the larynx where malignancy occurs. Laryngeal cancer contributes about 25% of all head and neck cancers, and 2% of all cancers in the body. Laryngectomy is a surgical procedure done to remove the larynx, and a total laryngectomy is usually done in advanced disease. This study was aimed at highlighting the outcome of total laryngectomy done in patients diagnosed with laryngeal cancer in Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Methods: This was a retrospective study of 16 patients diagnosed with laryngeal cancer, out of which 12 subjects consented to and had total laryngectomy. The study was carried out in the ENT department of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital within the period of January 2002 and December 2019. Clinical records were obtained from the Medical records department of the hospital. Data obtained was presented in tables, figures and percentages.
Results: The study noted that all 16 patients diagnosed with laryngeal cancer were males, age range of subjects were 45-73 years, and only 12 had total laryngectomy because some patients were lost to follow-up after diagnosis. Pharyngo-cutaneous fistula was the commonest complication noted in this study and highest number of subjects had survival rate of 2-5 years.
Conclusion: Laryngeal cancer is treatable if diagnosed early, late presentation with advanced disease worsens prognosis and increases the predisposition to total laryngectomy. Advanced disease also increases the chances of residual tumour or tumour recurrence while decreasing survival rate following surgery.
Recommendation: More enlightenment should be carried out to improve awareness of laryngeal cancer and its treatment, this may improve early presentation to hospital. Ordinarily, treatment of cancer is financially cumbersome on patients paying out of pocket for healthcare. So the adverse effect of poverty on the management of cancers, can be alleviated if an established source of funding can be created by government to aid treatment of cancers.
ENERJİ VERİMLİLİĞİ ÜZERİNE ARZ VE TALEP YÖNLÜ GENEL BİR BAKIŞ
Authors: NAIMOGLU Mustafa , AKAL Mustafa 
Published: May 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışma, enerji verimliliğinin faydalarını ve enerji verimliliğinin tam potansiyelinin nasıl gerçekleştirilebileceğini arz ve talep yönlü anlamayı amaçlamaktadır.Yöntem: Bu çalışma hazırlanırken 1980-2021 döneminde JSTOR, ScienceDirect, Wiley, Taylor&amp;Francis, Springer, SSRN ve DergiPark veri tabanlarında yayımlanmış makalelerle beraber birçok bilimsel bildiri ve raporlar için enerji verimliliği anahtar kelimesi kullanılmıştır. Enerjinin daha verimli kullanılmasına odaklanan 120’den fazla ilgili çalışmayla arz ve talep yönlü faktörler sunulmaktadır.Bulgular: Arz yanlı olarak literatürden elde edilen bulgulara göre hükümet tarafından alınan çevre odaklı enerji politikaları ödün verilmeden etkin ve başarılı bir şekilde uygulanarak, yenilenebilir enerji alanında yatırım ve teknolojik gelişmelerin artırılmasını sağlayarak ve enerji alanında teknolojik altyapı geliştirilerek enerji verimliliğinin artırılması sağlanacaktır. Talep yanlı literatürden elde edilen bulgulara göre ise devlet tarafından yapılacak olan teşvik, sübvansiyon ve vergi indirimleriyle tüketicilerin tasarruflu cihaz satın almaları sağlanabilecektir. Ayrıca enerji alanında verilecek eğitim ve reklamlar tüketicilere çevre ve enerji bilincinin sağlanmasıyla tüketici davranışlarına olumlu yansıması sağlanabilecektir.Özgünlük: Bu çalışmanın diğer çalışmalardan farkı, enerji verimliliğini artırmaya yönelik arz ve talep yönlü faktörleri belirleyerek, günümüz dünyasına ve gelecek nesillere daha temiz ve daha yaşanılabilir çevre oluşumuna katkı sağlayan farklı çalışmaları çok boyutlu olarak ele almasıdır.
Partisipasi Pemangku Kepentingan dalam Musyawarah Perencanaan Pembangunan di Kecamatan Tempe Kabupaten Wajo
Authors: Irham  
Published: May 2021

Pembangunan daerah merupakan suatu usaha yang sistematik dari berbagai pelaku, baik pemerintah, swasta, maupun masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keterlibatan pemangku kepentingan dalam pelaksanaan musyawarah perencanaan pembangunan daerah di Kecamatan Tempe, Kabupaten Wajo. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Data diperoleh menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aspek keterlibatan masyakat dalam musrenbang di Kecamatan Tempe hanya sebatas pada jenjang partisipasi informasi. Masyarakat sedikit terlibat dalam proses penyusunan dan perumusan kegiatan, walaupun masyarakat dapat memberikan usulan, namun masyarakat tidak memiliki kekuasaan dalam menentukan keputusan akhir. Pengambilan keputusan tetap di tangan pemerintah, selain itu tidak ada kontrol dan pangawasan dari masyarakat. Sedangkan keterlibatan pemerintah pada proses musrenbang di Kecamatan Tempe lebih bersifat partisipasi fungsional, dimana hal tersebut berarti pemerintah masih memegang peran yang kuat terhadap proses pelaksanaan musrenbang. Hal itu didukung oleh peraturan perundang-undangan yang menyebutkan bahwa pemerintah wajib melaksanakan musrenbang dan menjadi penanggung jawab jalannya kegiatan musrenbang.
EFEKTIVITAS PERATURAN KEPALA DAERAH TENTANG PENINGKATAN DISIPLIN DAN PENEGAKAN HUKUM PROTOKOL KESEHATAN DI LINGKUNGAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH
Authors: Tri Wahyuni  
Published: May 2021

Dari awal keberadaannya hingga saat ini, Covid-19 telah menimbulkan kepanikan. Mendekati akhir Tahun 2020, angka penularan Covid-19 bukan melandai, justru meningkat. Guna menggawang pelaksanaan adaptasi kebiasaan baru, pemerintah telah mengeluarkan kebijakan Inpres No. 6 tahun 2020 tentang Peningkatan Disiplin Dan Penegakan Hukum Protokol Kesehatan Dalam Pencegahan Dan Pengendalian Covid- 2019. Di dalam Inpres disebutkan bahwa Para Gubernur, Bupati, dan Wali kota diperintahkan untuk menyusun dan menetapkan peraturan gubernur/peraturan bupati/wali kota yang memuat kewajiban mematuhi protokol kesehatan serta memuat sanksi terhadap pelanggaran penerapan protokol kesehatan.
Dalam prakteknya, peraturan kepala daerah yang telah disusun, tidak selalu ditaati. Berbagai pelanggaran masih cenderung terjadi. Oleh karenanya, perlu bagi setiap daerah untuk melihat kembali substansi regulasi kepala daerahnya, apakah sudah efektif secara substansi atau belum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efektivitas substansi peraturan kepala daerah tentang penerapan disiplin dan penegakan hukum protokol kesehatan. Penilaian efektivitas didasarkan pada terakomodasi atau tidaknya faktor – faktor dari sebuah konsep implementasi kebijakan di dalam peraturan kepala daerah. Adapun konsep implementasi yang digunakan sebagai dasar penerapan efektivitas, adalah konsep implementasi kebijakan Edward III yang terdiri dari empat unsur kritikal faktor, meliputi : komunikasi, sumber daya, perilaku, dan struktur organisasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan tipe penelitian deskriptif.
Rzecz o Kubusiu i Fredzi, czyli o nazwach własnych w dwóch polskich przekładach tekstów Alana Alexandra Milne’a
Authors: Misior-Mroczkowska Aleksandra 
Published: May 2021

Winnie­the­Pooh, a literary work published by Alan Alexander Milne in 1926, has been appreciated by readers worldwide for nearly a century. The story about a little bear and his companions was first bellowed in book version, then became one of Disney’s best and unforgettable adaptations. The text proves rather difficult to translate, for Milne demonstrated great creativity, particularly in naming his characters and various places. It is rife with many ambiguous expressions, neologisms, onomatopoeias, and intentional language errors. The name of the eponymous bear, for instance, Winnie­the­Pooh, well illustrates the difficulty in translation, for Winnie, a reportedly diminutive form of Winifred, is allegedly a female name, whereas the bear is referred to as male. The Pooh part has also proven problematic in translation.The following article is an attempt at analyzing selected proper names in two Polish translations of the story. In 1938, Irena Tuwim published a translation entitled Kubuś Puchatek, which Polish readers immediately fell in love with. In 1986, Monika Adamczyk-Garbowska published her translation, Fredzia Phi­Phi. It attracted a deluge of negative com-ments and contemptuous reactions with many readers expressing dislike for Fredzia Phi­Phi, viewing it as a crime against the lauded first translation – which, as it happens, contains many mistakes and strays far from the original text.
Translatoryka – początki konstytuowania jej rozumień, zadań i akademickiego statusu oraz jej relacje do lingwistyki i glottodydaktyki
Authors: Grucza Franciszek 
Published: May 2021

This article is a synthesis of three texts that explicate their author’s views on the topic of translatology in its reference to linguistics (language studies), metalinguistics, applied linguistics, glottodidactics (foreign language learning and teaching), as well as many related issues. The first part of the article forms an introduction to the two other texts dating back to the early 1980s; the latter two illustrate the outline of the author’s thought on the research problems mentioned above. This introduction is necessary to situate the contemporary readers’ reception of the latter two texts and to unveil the innovative nature of the analyses they contain when seen from the developmental angle. Even more intriguing are those remarks that disclose the gradual evolution of the author’s views on the topics under analysis. The reader will also find the author’s detailed recommendations on the potential fields of further research worthy of interest to young generations of language researchers and practitioners in the domains of language teaching and translation/interpreting, as well as other experts in professional communication. Undeniably, it would behoove that wide group of readers needs to add this text to their short list of reads.
Między przekładem wiernym a parafrazą: wpływ czynników socjolingwistycznych na dobór techniki tłumacza
Authors: Charzyńska-Wójcik Magdalena 
Published: May 2021

The aim of the article is to analyze two Psalter translations, translation by Richard Rolle into English, and by Walanty Wróbel into Polish, in order to determine factors which may have influenced the translator’s choice of translation techniques. Subsequent sections describe the sociolinguistic context of the times when the translations originated, the target language, as well as translation techniques used to obtain the target text. Medieval attitudes towards translated texts seem to have had almost no influence on the choice of a translation technique; thus, the author draws an elicit assumption that the translation style had no correlation with the cultural context, understood as a special attitude towards religious texts. The addressee had an influence on the final shape of translation, but they did not influence specific translation techniques used to render the text.
Cenzura w Biblii
Authors: Majewski Marcin , Sporniak Artur , Szostek Teresa , Czajkowski Michał 
Published: May 2021

The article focuses on the analysis of an interview regarding Bible translation and related censorship. The author comments on the statements of one of the interlocutors, adding her own insights and analyses. Bible translators make certain parts of the text more approachable, as was the case with the refrain to Song of Songs, which, in most translations, mentions “embracing” while the protestant Bible contains the correct translation, i.e. “caressing.” Similarly, translators correct the Bible, as they have a different notion of what a sacral text should look like. For example, they introduce neutral phrases instead of offensive words. In Czajkowski’s opinion, translators often censor the Bible, trying to make the text less blunt. However, sometimes discrepancies are a result of not understanding the original text. Not always are these differences a consequence of the translator’s work, though. It is clearly visible e.g. in the case of “pneuma,” a word which can be translated into ghost or soul, spelled with a small letter, or the Holy Ghost. The author does not support the so-called “inclusive” translation. The inspired text should not be changed. Such changes can be replaced with explanations or comments. In order to discover the original meaning of the Holy Scripture, one can compare one of the Polish translations with translations into other foreign languages or other translations into Polish.
Przekładoznawstwo jako domena językoznawstwa antropologicznego
Authors: Chruszczewski Piotr P. 
Published: May 2021

The article starts with the well-known assumption that our most basic working material in the process of translation is language. Language is an integral part of culture, as its complex nature, being a sophisticated communication tool used for precise expression of thought and a part of the expressed thoughts, determines the fact that language is an element of reality and, what is more, it can significantly contribute to various types of changes of the reality in which it functions. However, there is no language that is given once and for all. Languages are notorious for all the changes that take place in them, and also for all the changes which they accelerate. Languages can be understood as sociocultural means in which humans adapt to their varying environments. Therefore, an act of translation is also an act of description of how people of a certain period were getting on in a particular socio-cultural environment. For that reason, I assert that the field of Translation Studies falls into the domain of Anthropological Linguistics.
Down at the Devil's Crossroad: Romanticizing Robert Johnson
Authors: Roessner Jeffrey 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Since the release of King of the Delta Blues Singers in 1961, Robert Johnson has inspired breathless praise for his high, keening voice and extraordinary prowess on guitar. However, White musicians and fans have been accused of erasing the cultural context of his music as they “romanticize” Johnson as a loner whose talent appeared overnight and who was haunted by a brooding sense of sin. Recent critics argue that such a devil-obsessed figure never walked the earth. This essay argues that dismissing such responses to Johnson as mere romanticism undermines his artistry. The haunting quality of his music was not invented by Sixties musicians and critics. Rather, it resides in the performances themselves, a point evident in fan responses to slowed-down versions of his work that circulate online. Despite their hyperbolic devotion to him, musicians and fans give Johnson credit as a self-conscious artist with a carefully crafted style.
Exposure of Corynebacterium striatum to juniper berry oil results in a reduced-susceptibility population
Authors: Sandoval Camille , Justice-Bitner Stephanie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms is a threat to global health and food security. As antibiotics become unable to eliminate disease-causing organisms, new compounds will need to be utilized. The use of essential oils as antimicrobials has been practiced for centuries, yet very little information about the ability of microorganisms to acquire resistance to these oils is available. In this study, we report on the generation of a juniper berry essential oil reduced-susceptibility population in Corynebacterium striatum.
A case of INR elevation with remdesivir and warfarin in a hospitalized patient with COVID-19
Authors: Yao Liyan , Byas William , Li Matthew , Saliaj Merjona 
Published: May 2021

Treatments for COVID-19 infection have varied widely within the past year. Remdesivir is the only direct-acting antiviral approved by the Food and Drug Administration with demonstrated efficacy in the management of patients with COVID-19.[1] Commonly reported adverse effects include hepatotoxicity and gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and diarrhea. Less common adverse effects include respiratory toxicity, cardiovascular toxicity and nephrotoxicity.[2] We report a case of international normalized ratio (INR) prolongation in a COVID-19 patient receiving concomitant warfarin and remdesivir therapy.
Ruwen Ogien au secours des éducateurs scolaires : une pensée pour réduire quelques apories éducatives
Authors: Lorius Vincent 
Published: May 2021

Les projets éducatifs sont, par nature, des visions enchevêtrées de moyens et d’objectifs qui tentent de faire face à des apories éducatives. Ce texte propose d’envisager les apports de la pensée de Ruwen Ogien pour cela. On y examine ainsi successivement les possibilités offertes pour la sanction éducative, l’orientation et la prise en charge de la difficulté scolaire au moyen des notions de « faiblesse de la volonté », de non-nuisance et de l’idée de supériorité des droits sur les valeurs. En fin de compte sont apportés quelques arguments montrant que le minimalisme moral défendu par Ogien peut permettre à la fois de penser de façon plus assurée certaines apories éducatives, tout en augmentant le nombre des questions ouvertes à la discussion. C’est bien parce que c’est souvent le cas lorsque l’on s’appuie sur les travaux de ce précieux philosophe que l’on peut rendre hommage à son oeuvre.
GBP2 as a potential prognostic biomarker in pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Liu Bo , Huang Rongfei , Fu Tingting , He Ping , Du Chengyou , Zhou Wei , Xu Ke , Ren Tao 
Published: May 2021

Background
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is a disease with atypical symptoms, an unfavorable response to therapy, and a poor outcome. Abnormal guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) play an important role in the host’s defense against viral infection and may be related to carcinogenesis. In this study, we sought to determine the relationship between GBP2 expression and phenotype in patients with PAAD and explored the possible underlying biological mechanism.

Method
We analyzed the expression of GBP2 in PAAD tissues using a multiple gene expression database and a cohort of 42 PAAD patients. We evaluated GBP2’s prognostic value using Kaplan–Meier analysis and the Cox regression model. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, co-expression analysis, and GSEA were performed to illustrate the possible underlying biological mechanism. CIBERSORT and the relative expression of immune checkpoints were used to estimate the relationship between GBP2 expression and tumor immunology.

Result
GBP2 was remarkably overexpressed in PAAD tissue. The overexpression of GBP2 was correlated with an advanced T stage and poor overall survival (OS) and GBP2 expression was an independent risk factor for OS in PAAD patients. Functional analysis demonstrated that positively co-expressed genes of GBP2 were closely associated with pathways in cancer and the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. Most of the characteristic immune checkpoints, including PDCD1, PDCDL1, CTLA4, CD80, TIGIT, LAG3, IDO2, and VISTA, were significantly expressed in the high-GBP2 expression group compared with the low-GBP2 expression group.

Conclusion
GBP2 acted as a potential prognostic biomarker and was associated with immune infiltration and the expression of immune checkpoints in PAAD.