bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinction of Consciousness Fields According to Taheri from Other Conventional Physical Fields: Evaluating the Magnetic Properties of Materials
Authors: Taheri Mohammad Ali , Payervand Forouz , Ahmadkhanlou Farzad , Torabi Sara , Semsarha Farid 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Magnetization hysteresis loop provides important information about the magnetic properties of materials. In this study, by examining the magnetic properties of three paramagnetic and diamagnetic materials in the vicinity of the Consciousness Fields (three types 1,2 and 3), we have investigated the nature of the Consciousness Fields in comparison with magnetic field. The magnetic properties of the materials under the influence of three distinct Consciousness Fields have changed significantly. Furthermore, the Consciousness Field 1 of the present study (with originally named Faradarmani by Taheri) has changed the magnetic properties of materials toward their physically inherent state in standard laboratory conditions. Based on the conditions and the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the Consciousness Fields are inherently neither electric nor magnetite fields and have a completely different and distinct impact on materials and their properties.
Waterpipe Smoking Among Youth and Socioeconomic Status: A Cross-Sectional Study of Students in Public Versus Private Universities
Authors: Caner Asena , Özcebe Hilal 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Waterpipe smoking has become a global public health problem as its popularity increased over time, especially among youth. This study aims to examine waterpipe smoking patterns of university students in Ankara, Turkey, and compare the patterns in public and private universities, which have different economic and social environments. Students in these two types of universities differ, on average, in socioeconomic background and access to financial resources. Methods The survey was conducted among public (n=2685) and private (n=2485) university students via an online questionnaire. Logistic regressions (on the full sample and on the sample that excludes students who initiate before age 18) were used to test the association between ever using waterpipe and respondent characteristics such as age, gender, university type, living arrangements, and source of income. Descriptive statistics on consumption pattern (age at first use, use within last month, location of use, availability of waterpipe venues, whether it is usually shared, reasons for use, and harm perceptions) were also generated. Moreover, never, ever, and current user prevalence rates by age at first use were estimated for waterpipe and cigarettes. Results69% of students in private and 59% of students in public universities (p<0.001) were ever smokers of waterpipe. Being older, male, private university student, living alone or having roommate(s), as well as financial resources such as having access to a car, having income from work or family were associated with ever using waterpipe. Although more than half (68-70%) of ever users tried waterpipe before age 18, risk continued in university and 41-46% of those who tried before 18 were current users in university. For women who had abstained from waterpipe until university age, the risk of waterpipe use was higher in private than in public universities. ConclusionsWaterpipe smoking has increased and is highly common among university students. Students with higher socioeconomic status are at higher risk. There is an urgent need to implement the new creative interventions based on the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control to prevent the young people from waterpipe smoking after 18 years old.
Development and internal validation of a predictive model for COVID-19 mass screening based on symptoms and a simple olfactory test
Authors: Azeli Youcef , Fernández Alberto , Capriles Federico , Rojewski Wojciech , Lopez-Madrid Vanesa , Lissner David , Serrano Rosa Maria , Rey-Reñones Cristina , Civit Marta , Casellas Josefina , Ouahabi Abdel , Foglia-Fernández Maria , Sarrá Salvador , Llobet Eduard 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The early detection of symptoms and rapid testing are the basis of an efficient screening strategy to control COVID-19 transmission. Most COVID-19 patients show olfactory dysfunction and in many cases this is the first symptom. This study aims to develop a machine learning COVID-19 predictive tool based on symptoms and a simple olfactory test, which consists of identifying the smell of an aromatized hydroalcoholic gel (CovidGel Test). A multi-centre population-based prospective study was carried out in the city of Reus (Catalonia, Spain). A total of 519 patients were included, 386 (74.4%) had at least one symptom and 133 (25.6%) were asymptomatic. A classification tree model including sex, age, relevant symptoms and the CovidGel Test results obtained a sensitivity of 0.97 (95% CI 0.91–0.99), a specificity of 0.39 (95% CI 0.34–0.44) and an AUC of 0.87 (95% CI 0.83–0.92). This shows that the CovidGel Test is a promising mass screening tool for predicting COVID-19.
The effect of the health poverty alleviation project on the burden of congenital heart disease for Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture, China
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Li Chunyu , Gulisitan Aizezi , Milinuer Ainiwa , Zhang Zhenhai , Nan Xiangping , Xu Xianggui , Chen Yan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The implement of the health poverty alleviation project is a very important initiative for reducing poverty. Although previous studies have analyzed the effect of impoverishment, few papers compared the differences of the economy and the morbidity after the implement of the health poverty alleviation project in China. Methods: To analyze the effect of the health poverty alleviation project on the burden of congenital heart disease, we collected the hospitalization expenses and epidemiology data of congenital heart disease in Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture from 2016 to 2018, in which the health poverty alleviation project was implemented. SPSS 23.0 and Disability Adjusted Life Years were applied to analyze the burden of the disease. Results: Our study found that the prevalence rate of congenital heart disease was increasing year by year. In total, 4719 poor people enjoyed the welfare of health poverty alleviation in the People's Hospital of Kezhou. The out-of-pocket ratio was only 2.25%. After the health poverty alleviation project, the loss of Disability Adjusted Life Years was smaller and smaller. 24 sessions have been carried out to operate 208 patients with congenital heart disease, all of which have been successful. Conclusions: This study found that the health poverty alleviation project not only bringed healthy life expectancy to poor families, but also greatly reduces their financial burden.
In Vitro CSC-derived Cardiomyocytes Exhibit the Typical microRNA-mRNA Blueprint of Endogenous Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Scalise Mariangela , Marino Fabiola , Salerno Luca , Teresa Mancuso , Cappetta Donato , Barone Antonella , Parrotta Elvira , Torella Annalaura , Palumbo Domenico , Veltri Pierangelo , De Angelis Antonella , Berrino Liberato , Rossi Francesco , Weisz Alessandro , Rota Marcello , Urbanek Konrad , Nadal-Ginard Bernardo , Torella Daniele , Cianflone Eleonora 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
miRNAs modulate cardiomyocyte specification in embryonic hearts and in pluripotent stem cells by targeting mRNAs of cell cycle regulators and acting in gene regulatory loops that complete commitment to the cardiac muscle lineage. It is still unknown if/to-what-extent these miRNA/mRNA networks are operative during cardiomyocyte differentiation of adult cardiac stem/progenitor cells (CSCs). Clonally-derived mouse CSCs differentiated into contracting cardiomyocytes in vitro (iCMs). RNASeq comparison of “CSCs vs. iCMs” mRNome and microRNome showed a balanced up-regulation of sarcomere and mitochondrial related mRNAs together with a down-regulation of cell cycle and DNA replication mRNAs. The down-regulation of cell cycle genes and the up-regulation of the mature myofilament genes in iCMs did not reach the levels of mouse terminally differentiated adult cardiomyocytes (aCMs), while they get to intermediate levels between those of fetal and neonatal cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyo-miRs were up-regulated in iCMs while those miRs positively regulating stem cell expansion and self-renewal were down-regulated. The specific networks of miRNA/mRNAs operative in iCMs closely resembled miRNA/mRNA networks of aCMs. Two of these miRs, miR-1 and miR-499, enhanced myogenic commitment toward terminal differentiation of iCMs. In conclusions, CSC specification/differentiation into contracting iCMs follows known cardiomyo-MiR-dependent developmental cardiomyocyte differentiation trajectories and iCMs transcriptome/miRNome resembles that of aCMs.
Bounded States for Breathers–Soliton and Breathers of Sine–Gordon Equation
Authors: JIA Man 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Wronskians solutions to the sine-Gordon (sG) equation that can provide interaction of different kinds of solutions are revisited. A novel expression N-soliton solution with a nonzero background is presented which is used to construct the soliton and breather solutions. Due to the existences of abundant structures of the solitons and breathers, it is possible to search for the coherent structures, or bounded states of solitons and breathers. By introducing the velocity resonant conditions, the sG equation is proved to possess the bounded state for breathers-soliton, or breather-soliton molecules (BSMs) and the bounded state for breathers, or breather molecules (BMs) by different parameters selections. In addition, an approximately bounded state for solitons is demonstrated. The interesting thing is the interactions among the BSMs, BMs and solitons, breathers may be nonelastic by the particular meaning the sizes of the BSMs and BMs change.
The Changes in Fear of Childbirth in Pregnancy During and Before the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Soysal Cenk , Erten Özlem , Işıkalan Mehmet Murat , Bıyık İsmail , Taşçı Yasemin , Keskin Nadi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: We aimed to compare the changes experienced by pregnant women before and during the pandemic regarding fear of childbirth andhow much they were affected by factors such as age, education level, and planned delivery type.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study comparedthe pre-pandemic pregnant group (July 2019 and December 2019) and the pandemic group (November 2020 and May 2021) of patients atKütahya Health Sciences University Evliya Çelebi Training and Research Hospital. A total of 696 pregnant womenin their second trimesterwere included in the study. All of them were literate andvoluntarily agreed to participate in the study. Data were collected with the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (WDEQ-A), and the outpatient doctor asked the questions face-to-face.Results: The mean age of the pregnant women participating in the study was 31.6±6.8 years. While the total Wijma score was 62.1±25.1 in the pre-pandemic group, it was 61.3±26.4 in the pandemic group, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.738).While 25.7% (n=179) of all participants had a normal fear of childbirth, 22% (n=153) had a mild fear of childbirth, 27% (n=188) had a moderate fear of childbirth, and 25.3% (n=176) had a severe fear of childbirth (Wijma score of 85 and above). When the pre-pandemic and the pandemic period were compared, the fear of childbirth wasunchanged in pregnant women at all education levels (p=0.079, p=0.957, p=0.626, p=0.539, p=0.202).Conclusion: When the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods are compared, it is seen that the fear of childbirth didnot change within each education level. Informing pregnant women about the effects of COVID-19 during the pandemic period may be effective in reducing fear of childbirth and reducing the numberof cesarean sections due to fear of birth.
Invadopodia enable cooperative invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells
Authors: Perrin Louisiane , Bayarmagnai Battuya , Tuzel Erkan , Gligorijevic Bojana 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Multiple clones of cancer cells can seed metastases via collective invasion and dissemination. While it is known that cancer clones can cooperate during invasion, the events leading to it and the effects it may have on metastasis are not known. In this study, we demonstrate that, when mixed in 3D spheroids, the isogenic 4T1 and 67NR breast cancer cells sort from each other, followed by their cooperative invasion. By time-lapse microscopy of heterogenous spheroids embedded in collagen I, we show that the invasive 4T1 cells that reach the spheroid edge remain there, while the non-invasive 67NR cells move randomly. This results in cell sorting and enrichment of invasive 4T1 cells at the spheroid periphery. Following cell sorting, 4T1 cells lead the 67NR cells in cooperative invasion. Elimination of invadopodia in 4T1 cells, by knockdown of the protein Tks5, blocks invasion and demonstrates that invasion requires invadopodia only in leader cells and not in follower cells. Importantly, using syngeneic mouse model, we demonstrate that cells with and without invadopodia can also engage in cooperative metastasis. Altogether, our results suggest that a few clones with invadopodia could drive the metastasis of cell clusters from heterogeneous tumors.
Projected increase of Arctic coastal erosion and its sensitivity to warming in the 21st Century
Authors: Nielsen David , Pieper Patrick , Barkhordarian Armineh , Overduin Paul , Ilyina Tatiana , Brovkin Victor , Baehr Johanna , Dobrynin Mikhail 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Arctic coastal erosion damages infrastructure, threatens coastal communities, and releases organic carbon from permafrost. However, the magnitude, timing and sensitivity of coastal erosion increase to global warming remain unknown. Here, we project the Arctic-mean erosion rate to roughly double by 2100 and very likely exceed its historical range of variability by mid-21st century. The sensitivity of erosion to warming also doubles, reaching 0.4-0.5 m year-1 oC-1 and 2.3-2.8 TgC year-1 oC-1 by the end of the century under moderate and high-emission scenarios. Our first 21st-century pan-Arctic coastal erosion rate projections should inform policy makers on coastal conservation and socioeconomic planning. Our organic carbon flux projections also lay out the path for future work to investigate the impact of Arctic coastal erosion on the changing Arctic Ocean, on its role as a global carbon sink, and on the permafrost-carbon feedback.
The Complex Nonlinear Causal Coupling Patterns between PM2.5 and Meteorological Factors in Tibetan Plateau: A Case Study in Xining
Authors: Zou Zhixiao , Cheng Changxiu , Shen Shi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
PM2.5 pollution influences the population health and people’s daily life. Because meteorological factors are main factor affecting the formation of PM2.5, the interaction between PM2.5 and meteorological factors needs to be better understood, both for air quality management and for PM2.5 projection. Here, we use a nonlinear state space method called the convergent cross mapping method to identify the complex coupling patterns between PM2.5 and meteorological factors in a plateau city: Xining. The results prove that PM2.5-meteorological coupling patterns change with seasons and PM2.5-meteorological coupling patterns are fixed in spring, autumn and winter. In spring, there is a negative unidirectional effect from precipitation to PM2.5 and a negative bidirectional effect between relative humidity and PM2.5. In autumn, there are some negative bidirectional effects between PM2.5 and relative humidity, precipitation, and air pressure, while solar radiation has a positive bidirectional effect on PM2.5. In winter, there are negative bidirectional couplings between PM2.5 and wind speed and temperature and a positive bidirectional coupling between relative humidity and PM2.5. Furthermore, relative humidity is a consistent driving factor affecting PM2.5. Air quality managers may alleviate PM2.5 by increasing relative humidity. Thus, the results provide a meteorological means for improving air quality in plateau cities.
A One-Minute Blood Test Detects Decreased Immune Function and Increased Clinical Risk in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Deb Chirajyoti , Salinas Allan , Zheng Tianyu , Middleton Aurea , Kern Katelyn , Penoyer Daleen , Borsadia Rahul , Hunley Charles , Abomoelak Bassam , Mehta Vijay , Irastorza Laura , Mehta Devendra , Huo Qun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Upon infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, most people will develop no or mild symptoms. However, a small percentage of the population will become severely ill, and some will succumb to death. The clinical severity of COVID-19 has a close connection to the dysregulation of the patient’s immune functions. We previously developed a simple, nanoparticle-enabled blood test that can determine the humoral immune status in animals. In this study, we applied this new test to analyze the immune function in relation to disease severity in COVID-19 patients. From the testing of 153 COVID-19 patient samples and 142 negative controls, we detected a drastic decrease of humoral immunity in COVID-19 patients who developed moderate to severe symptoms, but not in patients with no or mild symptoms. The new test may be potentially used to monitor the immunity change and predict the clinical risk of patients with COVID-19.
Novel HumanMethylatyion450 Analyses Reveal DNA Methylation Predictors of Future Diabetes Onset in Women With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Kitchen Mark , Manzur Ayesha , Fryer Anthony , Wu Pensee 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aims.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder characterised by ovarian morphological, systemic biochemical, and menstrual changes. Women with PCOS are at significantly increased risk of raised fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, and diabetes. Recognition of these complications and early intervention are key to good health outcomes. We sought to identify DNA methylation patterns that may predict future diabetes onset in this high-risk PCOS population.
Patients and Methods.

Peripheral blood samples from women with PCOS and women with PCOS who later developed diabetes, were analysed by Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip-arrays. Bisulphite-Pyrosequencing™ was used to validate and confirm array methylation data.
Results.

Array analyses identified 273 differentially methylated CpG loci (≥ 0.2 β-value change) at initial diagnosis of PCOS, between women who did or did not later develop diabetes. 19 of these sites demonstrated differential methylation in the same direction in ≥ five sample pairs. Methylation in three of the candidates (cg11897887, cg02819655, and cg25542007) showed the best concordance with corresponding array β-values, and, most clearly differentiated ‘cases’ from ‘controls’.
Conclusions.

We have identified novel methylation biomarkers that could predict future onset of diabetes in this high-risk population. Use of methylation analyses to identify women who are likely to develop diabetes at diagnosis of PCOS may facilitate timely lifestyle interventions to reduce future morbidity.
Successful en Bloc Resection for Femoral Head Clear Cell Chondrosarcoma Without Biopsy: A Case Report
Authors: Hoshi Manabu , Oebisu Naoto , Ohta Yoichi , Tomimoto Ayaka , Nakamura Hiroaki 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Clear cell chondrosarcoma (CCCS) is a rare, low-grade, malignant chondrogenic bone tumour. This tumour commonly occurs at the epiphysis of long bones, particularly in the proximal femur. Case presentation: This report describes a 58-year-old man with right hip pain since 5 months. Plain radiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT) revealed the characteristic appearance of chondroid mineralisation in the right femoral head, suggesting typical CCCS. Although a biopsy is the gold standard for definite diagnosis before treatment, wide resection with removal of the biopsy tract is thought to affect negatively affect surgical margin and postoperative hip function. En bloc resection without a biopsy and a hip hemiarthroplasty were performed instead. The pathological diagnosis was CCCS, and an adequate surgical margin was obtained. No local recurrence or distant metastases were found, and postoperative function was excellent at the final follow-up. Conclusion: The femoral head is a typical location of CCCS. Wide resection with adequate margins is the main treatment strategy for CCCS. When radiological features are typical, performing an en bloc resection without performing a biopsy is an acceptable treatment that may improve patient outcomes.
Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Protects Dimethylnitrosamine-Induced Rat Liver Fibrosis By Inhibiting Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Karmacharya Mrigendra Bir , Hada Binika , Park So Ra , Kim Kil Hwan , Choi Byung Hyune 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) exerts several therapeutic pharmacological effects but its role in liver fibrosis has not yet been studied. The current study investigates the inhibitory effects of GM-CSF on dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. In this study, liver fibrosis was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injections of DMN (10 mg/kg of body weight) for three consecutive days per week for four weeks. To see the inhibitory effects on disease onset, GM-CSF (50 µg/kg of body weight) was injected for 2 consecutive days per week for 4 weeks along with DMN, while to see the therapeutic effects on disease progression, the GM-CSF injection was set forth at 4 weeks after the DMN injection. We found that DMN administration produced characteristics of molecular and pathological manifestations of liver fibrosis in rats including increased expressions of collagen I, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), and decreased PPAR-γ expression. Similarly, elevated serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin level (TBIL), and decreased albumin level (ALB) were observed. Treatment with GM-CSF improved the pathological liver conditions and significantly inhibited the elevated AST and TBIL, and increased ALB serum levels to normal. GM-CSF significantly decreased collagen I, α-SMA, and TGF-β1 expression and increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) expression. In conclusion, GM-CSF reduced the DMN-induced rat liver fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-β1 signaling pathway.