bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ketamine therapy for chronic pain in The Netherlands: a nationwide survey
Authors: Mangnus Thomas J.P. , Bharwani Krishna D. , Stronks Dirk L. , Dirckx Maaike , Huygen Frank J.P.M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Ketamine is used to treat chronic refractory pain. However, there are no scientific guidelines for ketamine use in the Netherlands. The aim of this survey was to provide an overview of the use of ketamine for chronic pain in the Netherlands.

Methods
All pain clinics in the Netherlands were contacted. A digital survey, available from June 2019 to January 2020, was sent to 68 pain clinics. The survey was completed by one pain physician as a representative of the entire pain department. The survey included questions about ketamine treatment indications, administration, dose, duration, treatment repetition and the inpatient or outpatient setting.

Results
The survey was completed by 51 pain clinics (75.0%). Thirty-one clinics used ketamine for chronic pain treatment. The most common indication was Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (83.9%). Pain clinics administered ketamine via intravenous infusions (96.8%), iontophoresis (61.3%), subcutaneous (3.2%) or oral administration (3.2%). Intravenous ketamine treatment was offered in an inpatient setting in 14 pain clinics, in both an inpatient and outpatient setting in 11 pain clinics and in six pain clinics in an outpatient setting. In the outpatient setting, the median starting dose was 5 mg/h (IQR=17.5–5). The median maximum dose was 27.5 mg/h (IQR=100–11.9). The median infusion duration was 6 h (IQR=8–4). In the inpatient setting, the median starting dose was 5 mg/h (IQR=5–1.5) and the median maximum dose was 25 mg/h (IQR=25–14). Patients were admitted to hospital for a median of 4 days (IQR=5–1).

Conclusions
The results of this Dutch nationwide survey study show that there are heterogeneous treatment protocols with different indications, treatment setting and dosing regimen for the treatment of chronic pain with ketamine. This study encourages the formulation of a broader consensus and the development of evidence based guidelines for ketamine treatment.
Do Good Citizens Need Good Laws? Economics and the Expressive Function
Authors: Gilbert Michael D. , Hayashi Andrew T. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We explore how adding prosocial preferences to the canonical precaution model of accidents changes either the efficient damages rule or the harm from accidents. For a utilitarian lawmaker, making the potential injurer sympathetic to the victim of harm has no effect on either outcome. On the other hand, making injurers averse to harming others reduces the harm from accidents but has no effect on efficient damages. For an atomistic lawmaker — one who excludes prosocial preferences from social welfare — cultivating a taste for either harm aversion or perfect sympathy can reduce efficient damages, though neither has any effect on the amount of harm from accidents. On the other hand, causing people to act as if they are averse to harm creation, such as out of habit or moral obligation, reduces both the efficient amount of damages and total harm. In general, encouraging either a distaste for, or moral commitment against, harm creation is useful while inculcating sympathy for victims of harm is not.
Sr7N2Sn3: a layered antiperovskite-type nitride stannide containing zigzag chains of Sn4 polyanions
Authors: Yamane Hisanori , Steinberg Simon 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Metallic black platelet single crystals of a new ternary compound, Sr7N2Sn3, were obtained by heating Sr and Sn in a Na flux together with NaN3 as a nitrogen source at 1073 K, followed by slow cooling. Single-crystal X-ray analysis revealed that this compound crystallizes in an orthorhombic cell with the cell parameters a = 10.4082(2), b = 18.0737(4), and c = 7.43390(10) Å (space group Pmna, Z = 2), and has a layered (modular) antiperovskite-type structure which could be related to the inverse structure of Ca2Nb2O7 ((Ca2)[Ca2Nb4O14]). Four-membered zigzag [Sn4] chains are situated between slabs comprising four antiperovskite layers cut by the (110) plane of the ideal anitiperovskite structure, and Sr7N2Sn3 can be expressed as [Sn4][Sn2N4Sr14]. Although an electron-precise valence electron distribution according to the formula (Sr2+)14(N3−)4(Sn4−)2([Sn4]8−) is proposed for this ternary compound, yet, there are certain structural peculiarities which cannot be explained by this idealized picture. Therefore, first principles-based means were employed to account for the aforementioned structural features.
TMEM16A and TMEM16B Modulate Pheromone-Evoked Action Potential Firing in Mouse Vomeronasal Sensory Neurons
Authors: Hernandez-Clavijo Andres , Sarno Nicole , Gonzalez-Velandia Kevin Y. , Degen Rudolf , Fleck David , Rock Jason R. , Spehr Marc , Menini Anna , Pifferi Simone 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe mouse vomeronasal system controls several social behaviors. Pheromones and other social cues are detected by sensory neurons in the vomeronasal organ (VNO). Stimuli activate a transduction cascade that leads to membrane potential depolarization, increase in cytosolic Ca2+level, and increased firing. The Ca2+-activated chloride channels TMEM16A and TMEM16B are co-expressed within microvilli of vomeronasal neurons, but their physiological role remains elusive. Here, we investigate the contribution of each of these channels to vomeronasal neuron firing activity by comparing wild-type (WT) and knock-out (KO) mice. Performing loose-patch recordings from neurons in acute VNO slices, we show that spontaneous activity is modified byTmem16aKO, indicating that TMEM16A, but not TMEM16B, is active under basal conditions. Upon exposure to diluted urine, a rich source of mouse pheromones, we observe significant changes in activity. Vomeronasal sensory neurons (VSNs) fromTmem16acKO andTmem16bKO mice show shorter interspike intervals (ISIs) compared with WT mice, indicating that both TMEM16A and TMEM16B modulate the firing pattern of pheromone-evoked activity in VSNs.
Information Theoretic Approaches to Deciphering the Neural Code with Functional Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Climer Jason R. , Dombeck Daniel A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInformation theoretic metrics have proven useful in quantifying the relationship between behaviorally relevant parameters and neuronal activity with relatively few assumptions. However, these metrics are typically applied to action potential (AP) recordings and were not designed for the slow timescales and variable amplitudes typical of functional fluorescence recordings (e.g., calcium imaging). The lack of research guidelines on how to apply and interpret these metrics with fluorescence traces means the neuroscience community has yet to realize the power of information theoretic metrics. Here, we used computational methods to create mock AP traces with known amounts of information. From these, we generated fluorescence traces and examined the ability of different information metrics to recover the known information values. We provide guidelines for how to use information metrics when applying them to functional fluorescence and demonstrate their appropriate application to GCaMP6f population recordings from mouse hippocampal neurons imaged during virtual navigation.
Excitatory Contribution to Binocular Interactions in Human Visual Cortex Is Reduced in Strabismic Amblyopia
Authors: Hou (侯川) Chuan , Tyson Terence L. , Uner Ismet J. , Nicholas Spero C. , Verghese Preeti 
Published: August 2021

Binocular summation in strabismic amblyopia is typically reported as being absent or greatly reduced in behavioral studies and is thought to be because of a preferential loss of excitatory interactions between the eyes. Here, we studied how excitatory and suppressive interactions contribute to binocular contrast interactions along the visual cortical hierarchy of humans with strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in both sexes, using source-imaged steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP) over a wide range of relative contrast between the two eyes. Dichoptic parallel grating stimuli modulated at unique temporal frequencies in each eye allowed us to quantify spectral response components associated with monocular inputs (self-terms) and the response components because of interaction of the inputs of the two eyes [intermodulation (IM) terms]. Although anisometropic amblyopes revealed a similar pattern of responses to normal-vision observers, strabismic amblyopes exhibited substantially reduced IM responses across cortical regions of interest (V1, V3a, hV4, hMT+ and lateral occipital cortex), indicating reduced interocular interactions in visual cortex. A contrast gain control model that simultaneously fits self- and IM-term responses within each cortical area revealed different patterns of binocular interactions between individuals with normal and disrupted binocularity. Our model fits show that in strabismic amblyopia, the excitatory contribution to binocular interactions is significantly reduced in both V1 and extra-striate cortex, whereas suppressive contributions remain intact. Our results provide robust electrophysiological evidence supporting the view that disruption of binocular interactions in strabismus or amblyopia is because of preferential loss of excitatory interactions between the eyes.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe studied how excitatory and suppressive interactions contribute to binocular contrast interactions along the visual cortical hierarchy of humans with normal and amblyopic vision, using source-imaged SSVEP and frequency-domain analysis of dichoptic stimuli over a wide range of relative contrast between the two eyes. A dichoptic contrast gain control model was used to characterize these interactions in amblyopia and provided a quantitative comparison to normal vision. Our model fits revealed different patterns of binocular interactions between normal and amblyopic vision. Strabismic amblyopia significantly reduced excitatory contributions to binocular interactions, whereas suppressive contributions remained intact. Our results provide robust evidence supporting the view that the preferential loss of excitatory interactions disrupts binocular interactions in strabismic amblyopia.
Comparative docking studies of rosmarinic acid and sinesitin to inhibit HSP70
Authors: Nazari V. Mansoureh , Mahmood Syed , Raman Subashini 
Published: August 2021

The HSP70 family of heat shock proteins consists of molecular chaperones of approximately 70kDa in size that serve critical roles in protein homeostasis. These adenosine triphosphatases unfold misfolded or denatured proteins and can keep these proteins in an unfolded, folding-competent state. They also protect nascently translating proteins, promote the cellular or organellar transport of proteins, reduce proteotoxic protein aggregates and serve general housekeeping roles in maintaining protein homeostasis. The HSP70 family is the most conserved in evolution, and all eukaryotes contain multiple members. the HSP70 family of proteins can be thought of as a potent buffering system for cellular stress either from extrinsic (physiological, viral and environmental) or intrinsic (replicative or oncogenic) stimuli. Not surprisingly, cancer cells rely heavily on this buffering system for survival. The overwhelming majority of human tumours overexpress HSP70 family members, and expression of these proteins is typically a marker for poor prognosis.
Effect on Thermal Properties of Nanocellulose Fibre (NCF) Reinforced Biodegradable Polyhydroxylalkanoates (PHA) Composite
Authors: Nazaruddin N. S. , Jamari S. S. 
Published: August 2021

Currently, biodegradable materials like polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) and polylactic acid (PLA) are receiving huge attention from the both scientific and industrial sectors. However, since PHA has poor thermal properties, there is a shortfall in the exploration of PHA ability with filler. Therefore, this research aim is to investigate the thermal effect of nanocellulose fiber (NCF) fillers with PHA polymer. The first solution of PHA composite is prepared by dissolving 1g of PHA in 40mL of dichloromethane at 30°C for 10 minutes. The PHA-NCF composite solution is prepared by adding 1wt%, 2wt%, 3wt%, and 4wt% of NCF dissolved in 40 mL of dichloromethane into the PHA solution. The mixture solution is agitated at 45°C with a magnetic stirrer for 10 minutes. The mixture is poured into a petri dish. The prepared films were characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy, (FTIR), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The FTIR analysis shows that all PHA/NCF composite samples contain similar functional groups when compared with the pure PHA. No significant changes on the thermal properties of the PHA composite was observed with the addition of NCF fillers. However, comparison within the PHA/NCF samples shows that the PHA with 2% of NCF has a higher melting temperature and requires the highest enthalpy of melting. Hence, the addition of 2% of NCF is selected to be the optimum amount of NCF filler addition to the PHA composite.
Children With Special Health Care Needs and Forgone Family Employment
Authors: Foster Carolyn C. , Chorniy Anna , Kwon Soyang , Kan Kristin , Heard-Garris Nia , Davis Matthew M. 
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND
Family income is known to affect child health, but this relationship can be bidirectional. We sought to characterize this relationship by quantifying forgone family employment (FFE) due to a child’s health condition in families of children with special health care needs (CSHCN) with updated figures.

METHODS
We conducted a secondary data analysis from the 2016–2017 National Survey of Children’s Health. CSHCN with previously employed caregivers were included (N = 14 050). FFE was defined as any family member having stopped work and/or reduced hours because of their child’s health or health condition. Child, caregiver, and household characteristics were compared by FFE status. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between hours of medical care provide by a family member and FFE. US Bureau of Labor Statistics reports were used to estimate lost earnings from FFE.

RESULTS
FFE occurred in 14.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 12.9%–16.1%) of previously employed families with CSHCN and was 40.9% (95% CI 27.1%–54.7%) for children with an intellectual disability. We observed disproportionately high FFE among CSHCN who were 0 to 5 years old and of Hispanic ethnicity. We found a strong association between FFE and increasing hours of family-provided medical care, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 1.72 (95% CI 1.25–2.36) for &lt;1 hour per week (compared with 0 hours), an aOR of 5.96 (95% CI 4.30–8.27) for 1 to 4 hours per week, an aOR of 11.89 (95% CI 6.19–22.81) for 5 to 10 hours per week, and an aOR of 8.89 (95% CI 5.26–15.01) for &gt;10 hours per week. Lost earnings for each household with FFE were estimated at ∼$18 000 per year.

CONCLUSIONS
With our findings, we highlight the need to implement programs and policies that address forgone income experienced by families of CSHCN.
Children with idiopathic generalized epilepsy those underwent at least two years seizure remission: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Raybarman Chandan 
Published: August 2021

Background: The aim of the retrospective study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the index antiepileptic drugs in children with idiopathic generalized epilepsy who underwent at least 2 years remission.Methods: A total of 52 children with idiopathic generalized epilepsy who underwent at least 2 years remission were identified retrospectively from the records of the paediatric and neurology care clinic from April 2017 to December 2020.Results: The seizure patterns of 52 cases were tonic-clonic seizures alone (73%), a combination of tonic-clonic seizures and absences (13.5%), and combined tonic-clonic seizures and myoclonus (13.5%). The total number of seizures at enrolment in all (age at seizure onset 7.44±5.12 years, male-female ratio (31:21) was 651 (mean 12.52±26.60). The total number of follow-up visits in all was 6.62±14.44 consisting of 1177.5±772.86 days of follow-up periods. All patients continued index antiepileptic drugs with initial target doses varies from low to moderate ranges. Add-on therapy was initiated in 43% of cases around the titration phase of index antiepileptic drugs (i.e. very early add-on). Treatment trends reveal increased use of 1st generation antiepileptic drugs than 2nd and 3rd generation. 2 years seizure remission rates were 55.77% by index antiepileptic drugs only therapy and 44.23% by very early add-on therapy. The seizure remission period was mean±SD 858.71±209.08 days.Conclusions: Index antiepileptic drugs with low to moderate initial target doses lead to achieving 2 years or more seizure remission. Very early add-on therapy is the novelty and leads to achieving the goal.
Socio-demographic and environmental determinants of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in primary school children in Ikot Ekpene, Nigeria
Authors: Hogan Ekemini Joseph , Akpan Mkpouto Udeme , Ijezie Echey , Edem Kevin Bassey 
Published: August 2021

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neuro-behavioural disorders of childhood. Environmental influences have been reported to be important in its aetiopathogenesis. There is a paucity of publications assessing the socio-demographic and environmental determinants of ADHD in Sub Saharan Africa. The aim was to determine the socio-demographic and environmental determinants of ADHD in primary school children in Ikot Ekpene, Nigeria.Methods: Vanderbilt ADHD diagnostic teacher rating scale for ADHD was administered on 1174 pupils aged 6-12 years drawn from twelve primary schools in Ikot-Ekpene, Akwa-Ibom State, Nigeria. Parents of the selected pupils completed a proforma on their socio-demographics and environmental factors.Results: The mean age of the study population was 9.32 years with a male preponderance. ADHD was significantly associated with lower socio-economic status, being a product of multiple gestations, having parents with financial difficulty during the first few years of child’s life among others.Conclusions: ADHD is associated with common socio-demographic and environmental risk factors. Some of these factors such as low income and low socio-economic status are modifiable. Poverty alleviation, job security and empowerment of parents of children living in resource-poor settings is critical to reducing the prevalence of ADHD.
Pattern of skin disorders in hilly district of Pauri Garhwal with their dermoscopic findings: an epidemiological study
Authors: Kumari Neeti , Verma Sunanda , Rawat S. D. S. , Mehta A. K. , Pant Astha 
Published: August 2021

<p><strong>Background:</strong> The pattern of skin disorders is largely affected by climate, geography, occupation, socio-economic status, nutrition, genetics and habits of the community. Nowadays, dermoscope is being increasingly used as a non-invasive aid in diagnosis of various skin disorders. Objective of the study was to study the etiology, distribution and dermoscopic findings of various skin disorders in 5 remote villages of hilly district of Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand over a period of 1 month (April 2021).</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> The study was conducted as a weekly OPD in 5 villages of Hilly district of Pauri over a period of 1 month with free consultation and medications. Details of patients, their complaints, clinical diagnosis and dermoscopic findings were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Overall, allergic/irritant dermatitis were found to be most common (30%) followed by infective disorders (27.25%), photodermatitis (20.2%), inflammatory disorders (4.3%), miscellaneous disorders (LSC, stasis dermatitis, pityriasis rosea, others) up to 9.5% and viral exanthematous rash possibly COVID-19 associated in 8.62% cases. Most common dermoscopic finding of allergic/irritant dermatitis were red dots (92%), in photodermatitis were brown dots (82.09%) and viral exanthem was diffuse erythema (100%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Hilly areas contribute to a large burden of dermatological disorders which needs to be catered too. With the help of this knowledge, we can plan appropriate range of health services to meet the patient’s needs in hilly regions.</p>
Maternal and fetal outcome in premature rupture of membrane
Authors: Kasliwal Ankita , Kabra Itika , Yadav Poonam 
Published: August 2021

: Premature rupture of membranes is the most challenging obstetric dilemma which occurs even in low risk pregnancies and can convert a traditional pregnancy into a high risk pregnancy. This study aims to determine outcome, especially in the context of developing countries to help in formulating intervention strategies. : A hospital based observational, prospective study was conducted with 100 patients with diagnosis of PROM at or more than 37 weeks of gestation to study maternal and fetal outcome.: The rate of maternal morbidity was 28%, commonest cause was febrile illness (12%). Perinatal morbidity was seen in 31% of cases. Clinical early onset neonatal infection was the commonest cause. Perinatal mortality was not seen.: Morbidities were associated with increased duration of PROM to delivery interval. Prediction of these morbidities is an important step in the management of infection associated with PROM.
Comparative study of early neonatal outcome in low birth weight babies in hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancies with the mode of delivery
Authors: Pilli Sivajyothi , Bakshi Kavitha 
Published: August 2021

Pregnancy induced Hypertension (PIH) is strongly associated with intrauterine fetal growth restriction (IUGR), low birth weight (LBW) and admission to NICU. PIH is not by itself an indication for caesarean delivery. However, the incidence of caesarean is high because of the development of complications in mother and the need to deliver prematurely. To compare the immediate morbidity and survival advantage of LBW vertex presenting babies with the mode of delivery in hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancies. This was a comparative cross-sectional study done on women admitted to the labour ward during the study period with PIH delivering a baby through either a vaginal delivery or a caesarean section with a birthweight of &#60;2.5kgs. A detailed history taking and clinical examination was done. Babies were followed up for one week following delivery to note down the early neonatal outcome. In this study, over all there was no statistically significant difference in neonatal outcome in both vaginal delivery and caesarean section groups. However, there was slight increased incidence of prematurity (68% vs 64%), Birth Asphyxia (14% vs 8%), Sepsis (8% vs 6%), IVH (6% vs 2%) and Hyperbilirubinemia (16% vs 14%) in vaginal delivery group. While, RDS (20% vs 14%) and NEC (4% vs 2%) had higher incidence in caesarean delivery group. Overall, prematurity and IUGR resulting in LBW, contributed to these neonatal complications. Caesarean delivery offers no short-term survival advantage compared with vaginal delivery for LBW vertex presenting foetuses in PIH patients. Neonatal outcomes are not worsened by spontaneous or induced vaginal delivery in women with hypertension with good control and also decreases morbidity due to caesarean section to the mother.