bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic classification of children with autism spectrum disorder by using a computerized visual‐orienting task
Authors: He Qiao , Wang Qiandong , Wu Yaxue , Yi Li , Wei Kunlin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEarly screening and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) primarily rely on behavioral observations by qualified clinicians whose decision process can benefit from the combination of machine learning algorithms and sensor data. We designed a computerized visual‐orienting task with gaze‐related or non‐gaze‐related directional cues, which triggered participants’ gaze‐following behavior. Based on their eye‐movement data registered by an eye tracker, we applied the machine learning algorithms to classify high‐functioning children with ASD (HFA), low‐functioning children with ASD (LFA), and typically developing children (TD). We found that TD children had higher success rates in obtaining rewards than HFA children, and HFA children had higher rates than LFA children. Based on raw eye‐tracking data, our machine learning algorithm could classify the three groups with an accuracy of 81.1% and relatively high sensitivity and specificity. Classification became worse if only data from the gaze or nongaze conditions were used, suggesting that “less‐social” directional cues also carry useful information for distinguishing these groups. Our findings not only provide insights about visual‐orienting deficits among children with ASD but also demonstrate the promise of combining classical behavioral paradigms with machine learning algorithms for aiding the screening for individuals with ASD.
Macromechanical and micromechanical properties of polymers with reduced density of entanglements
Authors: Slouf Miroslav , Krajenta Justyna , Gajdosova Veronika , Pawlak Andrzej 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe macromechanical and micromechanical properties of polypropylene, polylactide, and polystyrene with different entanglement densities and different crystallinities were tested. The mechanical properties were characterized by macroscale compression tests and microindentation hardness measurements. The entanglement density modified the mechanical properties only in the high‐deformation region, above the yield point, when the strain‐hardening occurred, and ca 10% lower stresses were measured for disentangled polymers. In the low‐deformation region, the influence of the entanglement density was negligible. The stiffness of semicrystalline polymers increased with their crystallinity and the stiffness of amorphous polymers increased with their glass transition temperature. For example, the elastic modulus was equal to 1.59 MPa for entangled polylactide, 1.68 MPa for partially disentangled polylactide, and 2.20 MPa for semicrystalline, disentangled polylactide. The stiffness‐related properties in both macroscale (compressive modulus, E, and yield stress, Y) and microscale (indentation modulus, EIT and indentation hardness, HIT) showed very similar trends, which was in perfect agreement with theoretical predictions and confirmed the reliability of our results. The supplementary, viscosity‐related properties from microindentation experiments (indentation creep, CIT, and elastic part of indentation work, ηIT) supported the above‐mentioned conclusions in the sense that also these two low‐deformation region properties were independent on the entanglement density.
Detection of bacterial pathogens using home oropharyngeal swab collection in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Lenhart‐Pendergrass Patricia M. , Anthony Meg , Sariyska Sabina , Andrews Ashley , Scavezze Heather , Towler Elinor , Martiniano Stacey L. , Hoppe Jordana E. , Zemanick Edith T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundCollection of respiratory cultures for airway microbiology surveillance is an essential component of routine clinical care in cystic fibrosis (CF). The COVID‐19 global pandemic has necessitated increased use of telehealth, but one limitation of telehealth is the inability to collect respiratory specimens. We initiated a protocol for at‐home collection of oropharyngeal (OP) swabs from children with CF.MethodsHome respiratory specimen collection was offered during telehealth encounters. Home OP swab kits were sent to participating families via mail with instructions for collection and return. Specimens were returned by overnight shipping or dropped off at a hospital lab for processing and culture. We evaluated demographic data and compared culture results from the home‐collected specimen to the most recent specimen collected in clinic. We also tracked the frequency of newly identified Pseudomonas aeruginosa.ResultsHome OP swab kits were sent to families of 33 children with CF (range 1.5–19 years). OP swab kits were successfully returned from 19 children (range 1.5–19 years). One or more CF pathogens grew from 79% of the specimens. For four individuals, the home collected specimen demonstrated the new growth of P. aeruginosa.ConclusionsHome collection of OP swabs for bacterial culture is feasible in children with CF across a range of ages. Most home‐collected specimens demonstrated growth of one or more CF pathogens and results were similar to recent in‐clinic specimens, suggesting acceptable sample collection technique. Anti‐pseudomonal therapy was initiated for four children based on the growth of P. aeruginosa from the home respiratory specimen.
Is viral coinfection a risk factor for severe lower respiratory tract infection? A retrospective observational study
Authors: Eşki Aykut , Öztürk Gökçen Kartal , Çiçek Candan , Gülen Figen , Demir Esen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether viral coinfection is a risk for severe lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI).Working HypothesisChildren with viral coinfection had a higher risk for admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) than those with a single virus infection.Study DesignRetrospective, observational study for 10 years.Patient‐Subject SelectionChildren between 1 and 60 months of age hospitalized with LRTI.
Breech progression angle: new feasible and reliable transperineal ultrasound parameter for assessment of fetal breech descent in birth canal
Authors: Youssef A. , Brunelli E. , Fiorentini M. , Lenzi J. , Pilu G. , El‐Balat A. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess the feasibility and reliability of transperineal ultrasound in the assessment of fetal breech descent in the birth canal, by measuring the breech progression angle (BPA).MethodsWomen with a singleton pregnancy with the fetus in breech presentation between 34 and 41 weeks' gestation were recruited. Transperineal ultrasound images were acquired in the midsagittal view for each woman, twice by one operator and once by another. Each operator measured the BPA after anonymization of the transperineal ultrasound images. BPA was defined as the angle between a line running along the long axis of the pubic symphysis and another line extending from the most inferior portion of the pubic symphysis tangentially to the lowest recognizable fetal part in the maternal pelvis. Each operator was blinded to all other measurements performed for each woman. Intra‐ and interobserver reproducibility of BPA measurement was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). To investigate the presence of any bias, intra‐ and interobserver agreement was also analyzed using Bland–Altman analysis. Student's t‐test and Levene's W0 test were used to investigate whether a number of different clinical factors had an effect on systematic differences and homogeneity, respectively, between BPA measurements.ResultsOverall, 44 women were included in the analysis. BPA was measured successfully by both operators on all images. Both intra‐ and interobserver agreement analyses showed excellent reproducibility in BPA measurement, with ICCs of 0.88 (95% CI, 0.80–0.93) and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.71–0.90), respectively. The mean difference between measurements was 0.4° (95% CI, −1.4 to 2.2°) for intraobserver repeatability and −0.4° (95% CI, −2.6 to 1.8°) for interobserver repeatability. The upper limits of agreement were 12.0° (95% CI, 8.9–15.1°) and 13.6° (95% CI, 9.9–17.3°) for intra‐ and interobserver repeatability, respectively. The lower limits of agreement were −11.2° (95% CI, −14.3 to −8.1°) and −14.4° (95% CI, −18.2 to −10.7°) for intra‐ and interobserver repeatability, respectively. No systematic difference between BPA measurements was found on either intra‐ or interobserver agreement analysis. None of the clinical factors examined (maternal body mass index, maternal age, gestational age at the ultrasound scan and parity) showed a statistically significant effect on intra‐ or interobserver reliability.ConclusionsBPA represents a new feasible and highly reproducible measurement for the evaluation of fetal breech descent in the birth canal. Future studies assessing its usefulness in the prediction of successful external cephalic version and breech vaginal delivery are needed. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Embracing nanomaterials' interactions with the innate immune system
Authors: Teunissen Abraham J. P. , Burnett Marianne E. , Prévot Geoffrey , Klein Emma D. , Bivona Daniel , Mulder Willem J. M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractImmunotherapy has firmly established itself as a compelling avenue for treating disease. Although many clinically approved immunotherapeutics engage the adaptive immune system, therapeutically targeting the innate immune system remains much less explored. Nanomedicine offers a compelling opportunity for innate immune system engagement, as many nanomaterials inherently interact with myeloid cells (e.g., monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells) or can be functionalized to target their cell‐surface receptors. Here, we provide a perspective on exploiting nanomaterials for innate immune system regulation. We focus on specific nanomaterial design parameters, including size, form, rigidity, charge, and surface decoration. Furthermore, we examine the potential of high‐throughput screening and machine learning, while also providing recommendations for advancing the field.This article is categorized under:
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Search for new light vector boson using J/Ψ at BESIII and Belle II
Authors: Ban Kayoung , Jho Yongsoo , Kwon Youngjoon , Park Seong Chan , Park Seokhee , Tseng Po-Yan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We investigate various search strategies for light vector boson X in $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(10) MeV mass range using J/Ψ associated channels at BESIII and Belle II: (i) J/Ψ → ηcX with 1010J/Ψs at BESIII, (ii) J/Ψ(ηc + X) + $$ \mathrm{\ell}\overline{\mathrm{\ell}} $$
ℓ

ℓ
¯

production at Belle II, and (iii) J/Ψ + X with the displaced vertex in X → e+e− decay are analyzed and the future sensitivities at Belle II with 50 ab−1 luminosity are comprehensively studied. By requiring the displaced vertex to be within the beam pipe, the third method results in nearly background-free analysis, and the vector boson-electron coupling and the vector boson mass can be probed in the unprecedented range, 10−4 ≤ |εe| ≤ 10−3 and 9 MeV ≤ mX ≤ 100MeV with 50 ab−1 at Belle II. This covers the favored signal region of 8Be* anomaly recently reported by Atomki experiment with mX ≃ 17 MeV.
Null infinity as an open Hamiltonian system
Authors: Wieland Wolfgang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhen a system emits gravitational radiation, the Bondi mass decreases. If the Bondi energy is Hamiltonian, it can thus only be a time-dependent Hamiltonian. In this paper, we show that the Bondi energy can be understood as a time-dependent Hamiltonian on the covariant phase space. Our derivation starts from the Hamiltonian formulation in domains with boundaries that are null. We introduce the most general boundary conditions on a generic such null boundary, and compute quasi-local charges for boosts, energy and angular momentum. Initially, these domains are at finite distance, such that there is a natural IR regulator. To remove the IR regulator, we introduce a double null foliation together with an adapted Newman-Penrose null tetrad. Both null directions are surface orthogonal. We study the falloff conditions for such specific null foliations and take the limit to null infinity. At null infinity, we recover the Bondi mass and the usual covariant phase space for the two radiative modes at the full non-perturbative level. Apart from technical results, the framework gives two important physical insights. First of all, it explains the physical significance of the corner term that is added in the Wald-Zoupas framework to render the quasi-conserved charges integrable. The term to be added is simply the derivative of the Hamiltonian with respect to the background fields that drive the time-dependence of the Hamiltonian. Secondly, we propose a new interpretation of the Bondi mass as the thermodynamical free energy of gravitational edge modes at future null infinity. The Bondi mass law is then simply the statement that the free energy always decreases on its way towards thermal equilibrium.
Gravitational waves from a holographic phase transition
Authors: Ares Fëanor Reuben , Hindmarsh Mark , Hoyos Carlos , Jokela Niko 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe investigate first order phase transitions in a holographic setting of five-dimensional Einstein gravity coupled to a scalar field, constructing phase diagrams of the dual field theory at finite temperature. We scan over the two-dimensional parameter space of a simple bottom-up model and map out important quantities for the phase transition: the region where first order phase transitions take place; the latent heat, the transition strength parameter α, and the stiffness. We find that α is generically in the range 0.1 to 0.3, and is strongly correlated with the stiffness (the square of the sound speed in a barotropic fluid). Using the LISA Cosmology Working Group gravitational wave power spectrum model corrected for kinetic energy suppression at large α and non-conformal stiffness, we outline the observational prospects at the future space-based detectors LISA and TianQin. A TeV-scale hidden sector with a phase transition described by the model could be observable at both detectors.
Soliton, breather and shockwave solutions of the Heisenberg and the $$ T\overline{T} $$ deformations of scalar field theories in 1+1 dimensions
Authors: Nastase Horatiu , Sonnenschein Jacob 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this note we study soliton, breather and shockwave solutions in certain two dimensional field theories. These include: (i) Heisenberg’s model suggested originally to describe the scattering of high energy nucleons (ii) $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

deformations of certain canonical scalar field theories with a potential. We find explicit soliton solutions of these models with sine-Gordon and Higgs-type potentials. We prove that the $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

deformation of a theory of a given potential does not correct the mass of the soliton of the undeformed one. We further conjecture the form of breather solutions of these models. We show that certain $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

deformed actions admit shockwave solutions that generalize those of Heisenberg’s Lagrangian.
Cytokine signaling convergence regulates the microglial state transition in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Lau Shun-Fat , Fu Amy K. Y. , Ip Nancy Y. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGenetic analyses have revealed the pivotal contribution of microglial dysfunctions to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Along AD progression, the accumulation of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) including beta-amyloid and hyperphosphorylated tau continuously stimulates microglia, which results in their chronic activation. Chronically activated microglia secrete excessive pro-inflammatory cytokines, which further regulate microglial responses towards DAMPs. This has spurred longstanding interest in targeting cytokine-induced microglial responses for AD therapeutic development. However, the cytokine-induced microglial state transition is not comprehensively understood. Cytokines are assumed to induce microglial state transition from a resting state to an activated state. However, recent evidence indicate that this microglial state transition involves multiple sequential functional states. Moreover, the mechanisms by which different functional states within the cytokine-induced microglial state transition regulate AD pathology remain unclear. In this review, we summarize how different cytokine signaling pathways, including those of IL-33 (interleukin-33), NLRP3 inflammasome–IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-12/IL-23, regulate microglial functions in AD. Furthermore, we discuss how the modulation of these cytokine signaling pathways can result in beneficial outcomes in AD. Finally, we describe a stepwise functional state transition of microglia induced by cytokine signaling that can provide insights into the molecular basis of the beneficial effects of cytokine modulation in AD and potentially aid therapeutic development.
Do pentaploid hybrids mediate gene flow between tetraploid Senecio disjunctus and hexaploid S. carniolicus s. str. (S. carniolicus aggregate, Asteraceae)?
Authors: Peskoller Andrea , Silbernagl Lisa , Hülber Karl , Sonnleitner Michaela , Schönswetter Peter 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPolyploids with odd-ploidy levels may play an important evolutionary role as they enable backcrosses with their parental cytotypes. We chose the ploidy-variable Senecio carniolicus species group to address the overarching question if pentaploid individuals, which occur at high frequencies in immediate contact zones of parental tetraploids and hexaploids, mediate effective interploidy gene flow. We employed a set of approaches including relative genome size (RGS) determination and viability tests of pollen, RGS of the embryo, viability tests and germination experiments of seeds, and RGS and survival experiments of seedlings to tackle the following specific questions. Is pollen of pentaploid individuals viable suggesting regular meiosis in spite of the odd-ploidy level? Are the five sets of chromosomes split into 2.5 compliments, or rather into two and three compliments? Do crossings between pentaploid individuals produce viable seeds and seedlings, suggesting that pentaploids are an independent evolutionary unit? We found that pollen stainability is not strongly reduced in pentaploids and that the five chromosome complements are most often split into 2.5 complements. Seeds originating from homoploid crossings of pentaploids show a very low viability whereas backcrosses with tetraploids or hexaploids were more successful. No significant difference in seedling survival was observed among the different crossings but seedlings emerging from 5x5x crosses were significantly smaller than both, seedlings from backcrosses and from homoploid parental crosses. Altogether, our results indicate that pentaploids may play an important evolutionary role as mediators of gene flow but that they rather do not form an independent evolutionary unit.
Mitigating the stress response to improve outcomes for older patients undergoing emergency surgery with the addition of beta-adrenergic blockade
Authors: Mohseni Shahin , Joseph Bellal , Peden Carol Jane 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAs population age, healthcare systems and providers are likely to experience a substantial increase in the proportion of elderly patients requiring emergency surgery. Emergency surgery, compared with planned surgery, is strongly associated with increased risks of adverse postoperative outcomes due to the short time available for diagnosis, optimization, and intervention in patients presenting with physiological derangement. These patient populations, who are often frail and burdened with a variety of co-morbidities, have lower reserves to deal with the stress of the acute condition and the required emergency surgical intervention. In this review article, we discuss topical areas where mitigation of the physiological stress posed by the acute condition and asociated surgical intervention may be feasible. We consider the impact of the adrenergic response and use of beta blockers for these high-risk patients and discuss common risk factors such as frailty and delirium. A proactive multidisciplinary approach to peri-operative care aimed at mitigation of the stress response and proactive management of common conditions in the older emergency surgical patient could yield more favorable outcomes.
Industry electricity price and output elasticities for high-income and middle-income countries
Authors: Liddle Brantley , Hasanov Fakhri 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEnergy planning and climate policy require understanding long-run energy demand patterns. Electricity demand further is important because energy services derived from electricity typically do not have substitution possibilities from other fuels. By employing dynamic panel models, we estimate the long-run price and output elasticities of aggregate industrial electricity demand for high-income (mostly OECD) and middle-income (mostly non-OECD) countries. The unbalanced data span 1978–2016 and include 35 high-income countries and 30 middle-income countries. Our dynamic panel estimates address nonstationarity, heterogeneity, and cross-sectional dependence. We believe these are the first such panel estimates for middle-income/non-OECD countries and among the few such estimates for high-income/OECD countries to appear in the literature. The output elasticity for high-income countries typically was significantly below unity, around 0.5, and the price elasticity was around − 0.25 (and was statistically significant). For middle-income countries, the output elasticity was greater than unity and was likely significantly larger than the output elasticity for high-income countries, whereas the price elasticity was small and insignificant for middle-income countries.
The effect of pessary treatment on puborectalis muscle function
Authors: Manzini Claudia , van den Noort Frieda , Grob Anique T. M. , Withagen Mariëlla I. J. , van der Vaart Carl H. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
The objective was to assess if puborectalis muscle (PRM) function changes in women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) undergoing pessary treatment.

Methods
This was a prospective cohort study of women with symptomatic POP choosing pessary treatment. An interview, clinical examination and 3D/4D transperineal ultrasound were performed at baseline and at 3-month follow-up. POP was assessed using the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification system (POPQ). Parameters compared between baseline and follow-up were: hiatal area at rest (HArest), maximal contraction (HActx), and maximal Valsalva maneuver (HAVal), displacement in contraction (DISPL-ctx, i.e., relative difference between HArest and HActx), and displacement in Valsalva (DISPL-Val, i.e., relative difference between and HAVal and HArest). Parameters were compared in women with and those without complete avulsion.

Results
A total of 162 women were assessed and 34 were included. Mean age was 64 years (SD 11.4), and mean BMI 24 kg/m2 (SD 3.1). Thirty-one women had a cystocele, 8 a uterine prolapse, and 12 had a posterior compartment prolapse. Twenty-one women (61.8%) had a POP stage II, and 13 (38.2%) a POP stage III. Ring pessaries were most frequently used (97%). In the entire group a statistically significant increase in DISPL-ctx was observed (mean difference 2.1%, p = 0.017). In the no avulsion group HArest and DISPL-ctx increased significantly (mean difference 4.1%, p = 0.016 and 2.7%, p = 0.016 respectively) and the increase in DISPL-ctx was higher than in the avulsion group (mean difference 2.7% vs 0.2%, p = 0.056).

Conclusion
Our results show that PRM function changes in women with POP undergoing pessary treatment and suggest that such change occurs mainly in the absence of complete avulsion.