bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single‐cell RNA sequencing analysis to characterize cells and gene expression landscapes in atrial septal defect
Authors: Wang Zunzhe , Wang Huating , Zhang Ya , Yu Fangpu , Yu Liwen , Zhang Cheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to characterize the cells and gene expression landscape in atrial septal defect (ASD). We performed single‐cell RNA sequencing of cells derived from cardiac tissue of an ASD patient. Unsupervised clustering analysis was performed to identify different cell populations, followed by the investigation of the cellular crosstalk by analysing ligand‐receptor interactions across cell types. Finally, differences between ASD and normal samples for all cell types were further investigated. An expression matrix of 18,411 genes in 6487 cells was obtained and used in this analysis. Five cell types, including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts and macrophages were identified. ASD showed a decreased proportion of cardiomyocytes and an increased proportion of fibroblasts. There was more cellular crosstalk among cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts and macrophages, especially between fibroblast and macrophage. For all cell types, the majority of the DEGs were downregulated in ASD samples. For cardiomyocytes, there were 199 DEGs (42 upregulated and 157 downregulated) between ASD and normal samples. PPI analysis showed that cardiomyocyte marker gene FABP4 interacted with FOS, while FOS showed interaction with NPPA. Cell trajectory analysis showed that FABP4, FOS, and NPPA showed different expression changes along the pseudotime trajectory. Our results showed that single‐cell RNA sequencing provides a powerful tool to study DEG profiles in the cell subpopulations of interest at the single‐cell level. These findings enhance the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of ASD at both the cellular and molecular level and highlight potential targets for the treatment of ASD.
Exploring the impact of diagnostic imaging decision support embedded in an electronic referral solution on the appropriate ordering of magnetic resonance imaging for patients with knee pain: a retrospective chart review
Authors: Mohammed Heba Tallah , Payson Lori‐Anne , Gillan Caitlin , Mathews Jisla , Diep Justin , Sadri‐Gerrior Jessica , Hamann Karyssa , Brodrecht Diana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRational and objectiveRequests for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exams have notably increased in Canada. However, many of these exams may not always be indicated. The Joint Department of Medical Imaging and the eReferral Program have worked collaboratively to embed an integrated clinical decision support (DS) tool within the eReferral process for diagnostic imaging requests. This retrospective chart review aimed to assess the necessity of MRI exams for knee pain patients at the point of referral in relation to the referral method (no DS tools within fax‐ vs. DS tools within eReferral).MethodsSeven hundred and seventeen medical charts of routine MRI referral requests to an Ontario Hospital for patients with knee complaints were reviewed during the study period. The necessity of the MRI exams was evaluated using the supporting algorithm and knee pathway appropriateness guidelines. MRI exams were considered necessary if requested for symptoms or signs that align with best‐practice standards, complemented with sound clinical assessment or history of a radiography scan before ordering an MRI.ResultsIn general, MRI requests made through eReferral were 13.289 times more likely to be necessary orders than those made through fax. The likelihood of referring patients for a necessary MRI exam was higher for eReferral than fax for the year 2018/2019 (53.0% vs. 26.8%, P < 0.001) and for the year 2019/2020 (58.5% vs. 16.3%, P < 0.001). In addition, the rate of ordering X‐ray as the proper initial imaging scan for patients presenting with knee pain has steadily increased by 10% over the year for users of the eReferral platform compared to a decrease of 7% for those using fax.ConclusionOur findings highlight the positive impact of integrating DS tools at the point of referral in supporting the ordering of necessary MRI scans, suggesting that service re‐design and implementation of automated assistive technology services would impact patient care.
Mitigation of fouling during milk processing in polytetrafluoroethylene‐titanium dioxide coated plate heat exchanger
Authors: Bangavadi Munivenkatappa Manjunatha , Franklin Magdaline Eljeeva Emerald , Dhotre Ananta V. , Pushpadass Heartwin A. , Shivanand  , Anthonysamy Arputharaj , Mandhyan Pradeep Kumar , Patil Prashant G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn attempt was made to mitigate fouling during milk processing in plate heat exchanger by modifying SS316 surface with the coating of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. The surface characteristics of PTFE‐TiO2coated and conventional SS316 plates, and their thermal performance during heating of milk in batches for 8 hr were compared. It was observed that the static contact angles of water on SS316 and PTFE‐TiO2coated plates were 66.8 ± 6.3° and 112.8 ± 0.8°, while for milk they were 61.0 ± 6.1° and 97.5 ± 1.1°, respectively. The increase in contact angle for coated surface was suggestive of weaker interaction between the fluid and surface, and enhancement in hydrophobicity. Overall heat transfer coefficients for uncoated and coated plates ranged from 354.36 to 952.26 Wm−2 K−1and 477.11 to 593.73 Wm−2 K−1, whereas the fouling factor was 1.723 × 10−3and 0.412 × 10−3m2KW−1, respectively. As deposition of foulants occurred, the overall heat transfer coefficient of SS316 and coated surfaces dropped by 62.15 and 19.40%, respectively, from the initial value, resulting in crossover of the curves at 310 min of heating milk. After 480 min of heating milk, the fouling factor of SS316 plates was at least four times higher than that of PTFE‐TiO2coated plates. The PTFE‐TiO2coating mitigated the deposition of milk foulants by 20 times than that of SS316 surface.Practical ApplicationsFouling of plate heat exchangers (PHE) during milk processing is an unsolved problem causing significant loss in heat transfer performance, increased pressure drop in flow between plates, loss of process time due to cleaning and impairment of product quality. The high surface free energy and hydrophilic adhesion of SS316 to milk act as stimulants to fouling. Modification of SS316 plates in PHE with coating of polytetrafluroethylene and titanium dioxide nanoparticles mitigates fouling. Coated plates maintain the heat transfer performance of the plates for extended time and reduce the cleaning requirement. Also, savings in harsh chemicals, water, and pumping costs could be realized.
Southeast and East Asian immigrant women’s transnational postpartum experiences: A meta‐ethnography
Authors: Vo Timothea 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe increase in births to Southeast and East Asian (SEEA) immigrants in their adopted countries is of international importance. SEEA women experience the postpartum period differently than that of the general population. Despite the documented difference, there is limited representation of SEEA women in the literature. The purpose of this meta‐ethnography is to synthesise the qualitative findings from different research studies examining the experiences of SEEA immigrant women during the first 4–6 weeks of the postpartum period and has been written in adherence with enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research (PRISMA). Noblit and Hare's meta‐ethnographic approach was used. Seven articles (four qualitative and three mixed‐methods studies) were reviewed, analysed and synthesised. Four themes emerged: two were facilitators of birth culture (availability and quality of social support and maternity care provider cultural knowledge and response) and two were barriers to birth culture (lack of structural and social support and cultural alienation after childbirth). Due to lack of structural and social support in SEEA immigrant women's adopted countries, they also experienced social and economic hardships after childbirth and made conscious decisions to modify their postpartum cultural practices out of convenience and practicality. SEEA immigrant women also experienced discrimination from maternity care providers, which prevented them from fully engaging in postpartum cultural practices. Maternity care providers can advocate and intervene for SEEA immigrant women by eliciting any postpartum cultural beliefs, assess their social and economic needs early on in prenatal care and make culturally congruent referrals based on those assessments.
Optical Properties and Color Stability of Denture Teeth—A Systematic Review
Authors: Tieh Mei Ting , Waddell John Neil , Choi Joanne Jung Eun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeTo systematically review past studies to determine the effect of various solutions on the color of denture teeth, thus answering the question in regards to which type of denture teeth has the best optical properties after exposure to various solutions. The method of measuring the color of artificial teeth was also evaluated as a secondary outcome.Materials and MethodsA search of studies that quantitatively investigated the influence of immersion solutions on the color change of denture teeth was conducted. Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed and Scopus databases were searched from 1997 to April 2021. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used during article selection. Data regarding the effect of immersion solutions, accelerated aging and surface treatments on color change were gathered. Methodologies used to assess optical properties were also summarized and compared. The modified CONSORT checklist was used to determine the risk of bias of past studied included in this review.ResultsOne hundred thirty‐three studies were identified after removing duplicates. Forty‐one studies were selected for full‐text analysis, and 35 remaining papers met the inclusion criteria and were therefore included in this systematic review. Thirty‐two in vitro studies and 3 in vivo studies were included in the review. All studies reported that immersion in various solutions has a significant influence on the change in color and optical properties of denture teeth. However, the discoloration of denture teeth is still clinically acceptable in most studies. Exposure to various solutions also affected the translucency parameter of denture teeth. Most studies also investigated the surface roughness and hardness along with the optical properties, and reported that immersion cycles did not cause changes in surface roughness of denture teeth, while hardness was affected. The optical properties of PMMA denture teeth have been studied extensively, whereas that of CAD/CAM and 3D printed denture teeth is limited.ConclusionsColor stability of CAD/CAM milled denture teeth is comparable to conventional PMMA denture teeth. There are contradictory findings in terms of color stability of 3D printed denture teeth as compared to conventional PMMA denture teeth. Staining by coffee is worst among the common beverages and solutions investigated. Denture teeth can show color changes after immersion in staining beverages as early as one week. The degree of discoloration of denture teeth after immersion is time dependent, with the larger extent in the initial phase.
Effects of on‐treatment ALT flares on serum HBsAg and HBV RNA in patients with chronic HBV infection
Authors: Choi Hannah S. J. , Sonneveld Milan J. , Farag Mina S. , Brouwer Willem P. , Brakenhoff Sylvia M. , Hirode Grishma , Gehring Adam J. , de Man Rob A. , Hansen Bettina E. , Janssen Harry L. A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAs pegylated interferon alpha (PEG‐IFN‐α) is increasingly used in combination regimens of novel drugs, we aimed to characterize ALT flares and their relationship with serum HBsAg and HBV RNA kinetics in a large combined cohort of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients on PEG‐IFN‐α‐based therapy. In this post hoc analysis of four international randomized trials, 269/130/124/128 patients on PEG‐IFN‐α monotherapy, PEG‐IFN‐α plus nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) de novo combination, PEG‐IFN‐α add‐on to NA or NA monotherapy were included, respectively. A flare was defined as an episode of ALT ≥5 × ULN. The association between flares and HBsAg and HBV RNA changes were examined. On‐treatment flares occurred in 83/651 (13%) patients (median timing/magnitude: week 8 [IQR 4–12], 7.6 × ULN [IQR 6.2–10.5]). Flare patients were more often Caucasians with genotype A/D and had higher baseline ALT, HBV DNA, HBV RNA and HBsAg levels than the no‐flare group. More flares were observed on PEG‐IFN‐α monotherapy (18%) and PEG‐IFN+NA de novo combination (24%) vs. PEG‐IFN‐α add‐on (2%) or NA monotherapy (1%) (p < .001). On‐treatment flares were significantly and independently associated with HBsAg and HBV RNA decline ≥1 log10 at the final visit declines started shortly before the flare, progressing towards 24 weeks thereafter. On‐treatment flares were seen in 16/22 (73%) patients who achieved HBsAg loss. In conclusion, ALT flares during PEG‐IFN‐α treatment are associated with subsequent HBsAg and HBV RNA decline and predict subsequent HBsAg loss. Flares rarely occurred during PEG‐IFN‐α add‐on therapy and associated with low HBsAg loss rates. Combination regimens targeting the window of heightened response could be promising.
Giant Tree Frog diversification in West and Central Africa: Isolation by physical barriers, climate, and reproductive traits
Authors: Jaynes Kyle E. , Myers Edward A. , Gvoždík Václav , Blackburn David C. , Portik Daniel M. , Greenbaum Eli , Jongsma Gregory F. M. , Rödel Mark‐Oliver , Badjedjea Gabriel , Bamba‐Kaya Abraham , Baptista Ninda L. , Akuboy Jeannot B. , Ernst Raffael , Kouete Marcel T. , Kusamba Chifundera , Masudi Franck M. , McLaughlin Patrick J. , Nneji Lotanna M. , Onadeko Abiodun B. , Penner Johannes , Vaz Pinto Pedro , Stuart Bryan L. , Tobi Elie , Zassi‐Boulou Ange‐Ghislain , Leaché Adam D. , Fujita Matthew K. , Bell Rayna C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSecondary sympatry amongst sister lineages is strongly associated with genetic and ecological divergence. This pattern suggests that for closely related species to coexist in secondary sympatry, they must accumulate differences in traits that mediate ecological and/or reproductive isolation. Here, we characterized inter‐ and intraspecific divergence in three giant tree frog species whose distributions stretch across West and Central Africa. Using genome‐wide single‐nucleotide polymorphism data, we demonstrated that species‐level divergence coincides temporally and geographically with a period of large‐scale forest fragmentation during the late Pliocene. Our environmental niche models further supported a dynamic history of climatic suitability and stability, and indicated that all three species occupy distinct environmental niches. We found modest morphological differentiation amongst the species with significant divergence in tympanum diameter and male advertisement call. In addition, we confirmed that two species occur in secondary sympatry in Central Africa but found no evidence of hybridization. These patterns support the hypothesis that cycles of genetic exchange and isolation across West and Central Africa have contributed to globally significant biodiversity. Furthermore, divergence in both ecology and reproductive traits appear to have played important roles in maintaining distinct lineages. At the intraspecific level, we found that climatic refugia, precipitation gradients, marine incursions, and potentially riverine barriers generated phylogeographic structure throughout the Pleistocene and into the Holocene. Further studies examining phenotypic divergence and secondary contact amongst these geographically structured populations may demonstrate how smaller scale and more recent biogeographic barriers contribute to regional diversification.
Host gene expression in wildlife disease: making sense of species‐level responses
Authors: Eskew Evan A. , Fraser Devaughn , Vonhof Maarten J. , Pinsky Malin L. , Maslo Brooke 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEmerging infectious diseases are significant threats to wildlife conservation, yet the impacts of pathogen exposure and infection can vary widely among host species. As such, conservation biologists and disease ecologists have increasingly aimed to understand species‐specific host susceptibility using molecular methods. In particular, comparative gene expression assays have been used to contrast the transcriptomic responses of disease‐resistant and disease‐susceptible hosts to pathogen exposure. This work usually assumes that the gene expression responses of disease‐resistant species will reveal the activation of molecular pathways contributing to host defence. However, results often show that disease‐resistant hosts undergo little gene expression change following pathogen challenge. Here, we discuss the mechanistic implications of these “null” findings and offer methodological suggestions for future molecular studies of wildlife disease. First, we highlight that muted transcriptomic responses with minimal immune system recruitment may indeed be protective for nonsusceptible hosts if they limit immunopathology and promote pathogen tolerance in systems where susceptible hosts suffer from genetic dysregulation. Second, we argue that overly narrow investigation of responses to pathogen exposure may overlook important, constitutively active molecular pathways that underlie species‐specific defences. Finally, we outline alternative study designs and approaches that complement interspecific transcriptomic comparisons, including intraspecific gene expression studies and genomic methods to detect signatures of selection. Collectively, these insights will help ecologists extract maximal information from conservation‐relevant transcriptomic data sets, leading to a deeper understanding of host defences and, ultimately, the implementation of successful conservation interventions.
KAHRP dynamically relocalizes to remodeled actin junctions and associates with knob spirals in Plasmodium falciparum‐infected erythrocytes
Authors: Sanchez Cecilia P. , Patra Pintu , Chang Shih‐Ying Scott , Karathanasis Christos , Hanebutte Lukas , Kilian Nicole , Cyrklaff Marek , Heilemann Mike , Schwarz Ulrich S. , Kudryashev Mikhail , Lanzer Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe knob‐associated histidine‐rich protein (KAHRP) plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of Plasmodium falciparum malaria by forming membrane protrusions in infected erythrocytes, which anchor parasite‐encoded adhesins to the membrane skeleton. The resulting sequestration of parasitized erythrocytes in the microvasculature leads to severe disease. Despite KAHRP being an important virulence factor, its physical location within the membrane skeleton is still debated, as is its function in knob formation. Here, we show by super‐resolution microscopy that KAHRP initially associates with various skeletal components, including ankyrin bridges, but eventually colocalizes with remnant actin junctions. We further present a 35 Å map of the spiral scaffold underlying knobs and show that a KAHRP‐targeting nanoprobe binds close to the spiral scaffold. Single‐molecule localization microscopy detected ~60 KAHRP molecules/knob. We propose a dynamic model of KAHRP organization and a function of KAHRP in attaching other factors to the spiral scaffold.
The α subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein regulates mesophyll CO2 conductance and drought tolerance in rice
Authors: Zait Yotam , Ferrero‐Serrano Ángel , Assmann Sarah M. 
Published: September 2021

Summary

Mesophyll conductance gm determines CO2 diffusion rates from mesophyll intercellular air spaces to the chloroplasts and is an important factor limiting photosynthesis. Increasing gm in cultivated plants is a potential strategy to increase photosynthesis and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi). The anatomy of the leaf and metabolic factors such as aquaporins and carbonic anhydrases have been identified as important determinants of gm. However, genes involved in the regulation and modulation of gm remain largely unknown.

In this work, we investigated the role of heterotrimeric G proteins in gm and drought tolerance in rice d1 mutants, which harbor a null mutation in the Gα subunit gene, RGA1.

d1 mutants in both cv Nipponbare and cv Taichung 65 exhibited increased gm, fostering improvement in photosynthesis, WUEi, and drought tolerance compared with wild‐type. The increased surface area of mesophyll cells and chloroplasts exposed to intercellular airspaces and the reduced cell wall and chloroplast thickness in the d1 mutant are evident contributors to the increase in gm.

Our results indicate that manipulation of heterotrimeric G protein signaling has the potential to improve crop WUEi and productivity under drought.
Hsa_circ_0009128 mediates progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma by influencing MMP9
Authors: Zhang Hong , Wang Zhenhua , Zhang Zhongti 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to explore the role and mechanism of an abnormally expressed circRNA (hsa_circ_0009128) in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma.Materials and MethodsWe conducted quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) to assess the expression of hsa_circ_0009128 in 51 paired OSCC tissues and analyzed the correlation between clinical features and aberrant expression of hsa_circ_0009128 in OSCC. CCK‐8 assays, colony formation assays, transwell assays, and wound healing assays were used to analyze the effect of hsa_circ_0009128 on cell proliferation and migration. Furthermore, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related proteins were evaluated by Western blotting.ResultsHsa_circ_0009128 was upregulated in both OSCC tissues and cell lines, and high hsa_circ_0009128 correlated with advanced TNM stage (p = 0.046) and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.018) in OSCC patients. Knockdown of hsa_circ_0009128 inhibited cell proliferation and migration. Mechanistically, hsa_circ_0009128 downregulation decreased EMT in OSCC cells as shown by elevated levels of E‐cadherin and decreased N‐cadherin, vimentin, and MMP9.ConclusionsThe circRNA hsa_circ_0009128 correlates with malignant progression of OSCC. Hsa_circ_0009128 stimulates proliferation and migration in OSCC cells by targeting MMP9 to activate EMT.
Prepubertal retroareolar cysts
Authors: Rusiñol Lluís , Amat‐Samaranch Victoria , Baselga Eulàlia , Puig Lluís , Roé Esther 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBluish nodular mammary lesions in prepubertal girls are a challenging diagnosis. Retroareolar cysts are rare in this population, but relatively common among adolescent women. This diagnosis can be suspected clinically and ultimately confirmed by cutaneous ultrasonography, avoiding unnecessary biopsies or complex radiologic studies.