bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Access Limitation to Health Services in Palestine and Its Consequences on Palestinian Mental Health and Wellbeing: Literature Review
Authors: Marie Mohammad , Battat Maher 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Accessing health care services is a fundamental right for all people worldwide. The WHO has defined the obstruction of the availability, access, and delivery of therapeutic and/or preventive health services as a form of health attack. The Palestinian Authority faces significant challenges to ensure the sustainability of the delivery of its health services. The blockade of the Gaza Strip and the presence of Israeli settlements in oPt and the Separation Wall around Jerusalem all these obstacles affect the patient’s right to access health care services. Palestinian Patients need permit applications from Israeli authorities that require usually 7- 10 days depending on the case condition and the appointment from the target hospital in which the permit may be approved or denied or delayed. It has become a complex process due to the need to cross barriers or border crossings and restrictions on the movement of Palestinian patients and ambulances imposed by the Israeli government. Therefore, barriers to accessing health care services are a serious and permanent condition that can lead to a very stressful atmosphere and result in developing mental problems. This paper aims to provide an overview of the literature and established studies on mental health consequences related to access limitations to health care services in Palestine.Method: PubMedand Google Scholar were used to search for materials for the literature review study. The Data in this literature review was collected by searching in electronic databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. The keywords used in the searching process are Mental Health AND consequences AND limited access OR Access Limitations AND health care services OR health care AND barrier AND Gaza strip OR West Bank AND Palestine. full-text articles critically appraised were included while the duplicated papers were extracted. The papers in this review follow the IMRAD style (Introduction, method, results, and discussion section).Result: More than 25 related materials founded including review studies, 3 WHO reports, and 2 Palestinian government statistical reports.Conclusion: Evidences from this review show that there is a necessity to maintain justice and equality among the Palestinian population and their right to freedom. Limited access to health-care services for Palestinian patients living in Gaza Strip, West Bank ,and East Jerusalem affect negatively the patient’s quality of life and mental health mainly due to the Israeli Separation Wall besides road closures.
Speckle Tracking Imaging Combined With Myocardial Comprehensive Index to Evaluate Left Ventricular Function Changes in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Feng Jia , Zhai zijing , Wang zhen , Huang lei , Dong shanshan , Liu kuichan , Shi wenrong , Lu guilin , Qin wenjuan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveTo evaluate left ventricular systolic function in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using three-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (3D-STI). MethodsThirty patients with SLE (SLE group) and 30 healthy people (control group) were examined using 3D-STI, and their clinical characteristics were collected. The following conventional 3D parameters were obtained: left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), spherical index (SPI), left ventricular end-diastolic mass (LV EDmass), and left ventricular end-systolic mass (LV ESmass). The following 3D-STI strain parameters were obtained: global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS), left ventricular twist angle (LVtw), torque (Tor), peak strain dispersion (PSD), and myocardial comprehensive index (MCI). Statistical analysis was used to analyze the differences in the above indicators among the groups and their correlations. ResultsLVEDV and LVEF decreased; LV EDmass and LV ESmass increased; GLS, GCS, LVtw, Tor, and MCI decreased; and PSD increased in the SLE group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the area under the curve of the MCI was the highest (0.940), the sensitivity of the Tor and MCI was the highest (90.00%), and the specificity of the Tor was the highest (93.33%). Correlation analysis showed that there was a good correlation between the MCI and hs-TropT. ConclusionThe systolic function of the left ventricle is decreased in patients with SLE. 3D-STI technology can detect abnormal left ventricular systolic function in patients with SLE in the early stage.
Evaluation of the Effect of Pulmonary Vein Isolation Treatment With Left Atrial Catheter Ablation Method on Atrial Conduction Times in Patients With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Donmez Ibrahim , Erdem Fatma Hizal , Memioğlu Tolga , Acar Emrah 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
PurposeAtrial fibrillation (AF) causes structural, electrical, and cellular remodeling in the atrium. Evaluation of intra- and interatrial conduction time, which is measured by tissue doppler echocardiography, indicates structural and electrical remodeling in the atrium. In the meta-analysis of the studies investigating rhythm control treatment strategy in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation; radiofrequency (RF) ablation has been shown to be superior over antiarrhythmics in ensuring and protecting sinus rhythm. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pulmonary vein isolation applied with RF ablation therapy on intra- and interatrial conduction time and to investigate the structural and electrically remodeling after treatment.MethodsFifty-two patients with symptomatic PAF despite at least one antiarrhythmic drug and without structural heart disease were included in the study. Two patients were excluded because of complications developed during and after the operation. Fifty patients (28 female; mean age: 51.68 ± 11.731; mean left atrial diameter: 36.79 ± 4.318) who underwent CARTO® 3D pulmonary vein isolation applied with the RF ablation system were followed-up. Intra- and the inter-atrial electromechanical delay was measured in all patients by tissue doppler echocardiography before and three months after RF ablation. ResultsAll intra- and interatrial conduction times were significantly decreased 3 months after RF ablation procedure (PA lateral p = 0.022; PA septum p = 0.002; PA tricuspid p = 0.019, interatrial conduction delay p= 0,012, intra-atrial conduction delay p = 0.029).ConclusionThe results of our study suggest that providing stable sinus rhythm by the elimination of the AF triggering mechanisms with RF ablation of pulmonary vein isolation may slow down, stop or even improve structural remodeling at substrate level secondary to AF even in patients who did not yet develop atrial fibrosis and permanent structural changes.
Intestinal Microbiota and Functional Characteristics of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia Illucens)
Authors: Yuan Zhineng , Ma Ying , Tang Bingjie , Zeng Rouxian , Zhou Qiang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Black soldier fly transforms organic waste into insect protein and fat, which makes it valuable to ecological utilization. This process is associated with intestinal microbiota. This research was developed to determine the type and functional characteristics of intestinal microbiota present in black soldier fly larvae.Methods: In this research, metagenomics has been used to study black soldier fly larvae gut bacteria, which involves the high abundance of the gut microbes advantage bacterium group, the impact, and physiological functions of the microbiota. Furthermore, intestinal bacteria and their related functions were investigated by bioinformatics analysis to evaluate potential the microbial strains that may be used to improve feed utilization efficiency in factory farming.Result: The results showed that black soldier fly larvae´ intestine contains more than 11,000 bacteria. High relative abundance of group W (larvae fed with 75% wheat bran and 25% soybean powder) may promote feed utilization efficiency, whereas high relative abundance of group T microbiota (larvae fed with 75% wheat bran and 25% soybean powder supplemented with 1% tetracycline) may play an important role in black soldier fly larvae survival.Conclusion: The gut bacteria in black soldier fly larvae were involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis and metabolism, translation, membrane transport, energy metabolism, cytoskeleton, extracellular structures, inorganic ion transport and metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and coenzyme transport physiological processes. The 35 significant differential microbes in group W may have a positive impact in feed utilization and physiological process.
Bioprospecting Beneficial Endophytic Bacterial Communities Associated With Rosmarinus Officinalis for Alleviating Plant Productivity
Authors: Sharma Minakshi , Sood Gaurav , Chauhan Anjali 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The present study was aimed to isolate and identify root endophytic bacteria with multifunctional plant growth promoting (PGP) traits from medicinal plant Rosemarinus officinalis grown in the North-Western Himalayas. A total of 42 strains were isolated, exhibiting variable degrees of PGP traits, including P-solubilization (10-375 µg/ml), IAA (6-66 µg/ml), siderophore (32.37-301.48 %SU) production and antifungal activity in terms of percent growth inhibition (%GI) against Fusarium oxysporum (44.44-77.77 %GI), Fusarium graminiarum (48.88-71.42 %GI) and Rhizoctonia solani (44.44-77.7 %GI). 16S rDNA sequencing results showed lineage of these strains to 15 genera viz., Aneurinibacillus, Bacillus, Beijerinckia, Cedecea, Ensifer, Enterobacter, Kosakonia, Lactobacillus, Lysobacter, Oxynema, Pseudomonas, Pantoea, Paenibacillus, Pseudoxanthomonas and Serratia. The effect of 11 potential strains was selected for in vivo growth studies of R. officinalis. The results showed that the inoculation of Bacillus subtilis KU21, Pseudomonas aeruginosa SI12, and Cedecea lapagei KU14 significantly increased the physical growth parameters of plant over uninoculated control viz., number of lateral of branches (43.95-46.39 %), stem height (29.04-38.57 %), root length (32.31-37.14 %), shoot (34.76-40.91 %) and root biomass (62.89-70.70 %). Physiological characteristics such as total chlorophyll (30.41-30.96 %), phenol (14.43-24.55 %) and carotenoids (34.26-39.87 %) content, also showed a relative increase as compared to uninoculated control; furthermore, the macronutrients (NPK) contents of the plant as well as soil also showed an increase. The developed module may be recommended for sustainable production of R. officinalis in the North-Western Himalayan region without hampering the soil health and fertility.
Plasticity in Induced Resistance to Sequential Attack by Multiple Herbivores in Brassica Nigra
Authors: de Bobadilla Maite Fernández , Wiechen Roel Van , Gort Gerrit , Poelman Erik H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In nature, plants interact with multiple insect herbivores that may arrive simultaneously or sequentially. Because insect herbivores often have a negative effect on plant fitness, plants have evolved mechanisms to defend their tissues from being eaten. There is extensive knowledge on the regulation of induced plant responses to single or dual attack. However, we lack information on how plants defend against the attack of multiple herbivores that arrive sequentially. In this study, we investigated whether Brassica nigra plants are able to defend themselves against caterpillars of the late arriving herbivore Plutella xylostella, when plants had been previously exposed to sequential attack by four other herbivores. We manipulated the order of arrival and the history of attack by four herbivores to investigate which patterns in sequential herbivory determine resistance against the fifth attacker. We recorded that history of sequential herbivore attack differentially affected the capability of Brassica nigra plants to defend themselves against larvae of P. xylostella. A sequence of attack with four episodes of attack by P. xylostella induced resistance to larvae of P. xylostella. The number of times the plant was attacked by herbivores of the same feeding guild, the identity of the first attacker, the identity and the guild of the last attacker as well as the order of attackers within the sequence of multiple herbivores influenced plant resistance to subsequent herbivory. In conclusion, this study shows that history of sequential attack is an important factor determining plant resistance to herbivores.
Phenotypic Characterization of Auxotrophic Mutant of Nontyphoidal Salmonella and Determination of Its Cytotoxicity, Tumor Inhibiting Cytokine Gene Expression in Cell Line Models
Authors: Jazeela Kadeeja , Chakraborty Anirban , Kotian Akshatha , Aditya Vankadari , Ballamoole Krishna Kumar , Rai Praveen , Karunasagar Indrani , Deekshit VK 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An auxotrophic mutant of non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) strain was phenotypically characterized in this study. The characterization was based on phenotype, morphology, motility, biofilm forming ability, growth kinetics, etc. The phenotypic results from the above experiments determined that the mutant showed variation in phenotypic characters from that of wild-type strain. Subsequently, mutant and wild-type NTS were subjected to epithelial cell invasion and intracellular replication assays. The real time PCR analysis was also performed to analyse expression of tumor inhibiting cytokine genes and virulence genes post bacterial infection in cell lines. The mutant showed highest invasion potential than wild-type NTS whereas the replication of mutant was slower in both the cell lines. Similar to the wild-type strain, the mutant also retained the cytotoxic potential when analysed in vitro. Furthermore, the expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes such as TNF-α and IL-1β was upsurged with the downregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine genes like TGF-β, IL-6 and IL-10 post infection of the mutant strain in cell lines. In addition, virulence genes of Salmonella pathogenicity island one and two of mutant were downregulated in vitro except invA in HeLa cell line. Therefore, the auxotrophic mutant showed positive attributes of a potential antitumor agent in terms of expressing tumor inhibiting cytokine genes when assessed in vitro. Though the study did not check the tumor inhibitory effect of NTS strain directly, findings of the study emphasizes on the development of a novel strain of NTS with less virulence and more immunogenic traits to inhibit tumor cells.
Association of Epicardial Fat Thickness With Left Ventricular Diastolic Function Parameters in a Community Population
Authors: Ma Wei , Zhang Baowei , Yang Ying , Qi Litong , Zhou Jin , Li Min , Jia Jia , Zhang Yan , Yong Huo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose We examined the relationship between EFT measured by echocardiography and LV diastolic function parameters in a Beijing community population.Methods We included 1004 participants in this study. Echocardiographic parameters including E and A peak velocity, the early diastolic velocities (e’) of the septal and lateral of mitral annulus using tissue doppler imaging, E/e’, and EFT, were measured. EFT1 was measured perpendicularly on the right ventricular free wall at end-diastole in the extension line of the aortic root. EFT2 was the maximum thickness measured perpendicularly on the right ventricular free wall at end-diastole. Multivariate linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between EFT and the mean e’ and E/e’.Results The mean age of the participants was 63.91 ± 9.02 years old (51.4% men). EFT1 and EFT2 were negatively correlated with e’ lat, e’ sep, and e’ mean (p < 0.05), and positively correlated with E/e’ lat, E/e’ sep, and E/e’ mean. Multivariate regression analysis showed that EFT1 and EFT2 were independently and negatively correlated with e’ mean (EFT1: β = −0.089 [95% confidence interval = −0.177, −0.000, p = 0.050]; EFT2: β = −0.078 [95% confidence interval = −0.143, −0.012, p = 0.020]). There were no interactions between EFT and any covariates, including age or heart groups, sex, BMI, or presence of hypertension, diabetes, or coronary heart disease in relation to LV diastolic dysfunction.Conclusions EFT was negatively and independently correlated with e’ mean, suggesting that more attention to this type of adipose fat is required for cardiovascular disease therapy.
DbOBS: Dual Buffered Switch for Variable Optical Bursts in Future Datacenters
Authors: Bhattacharya Pronaya , Singh Arunendra , Tiwari Amod Kumar , Pathak Vinay Kumar , Srivast Rajiv 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Modern data-driven applications pose stringent requirements of high bandwidth, ultra-low-latency, low-powered, and scalable interconnections among switches and routers in data-centers. To address these demands, electronic switching is not a viable choice due to bandwidth and computing bottlenecks. Thus, researchers explored effective optical switch design principles for next-generation data-centers. In optical switches, data aggregates in the form of optical bursts (OB) at ultra-high speeds. In the case of OB contention, solutions are proposed by researchers to store OB as recirculating patterns in fiber delay lines (FDL) with induced optical delay. However, due to variable burst length, it is not possible to measure slot delay length, thus storage of contending bursts is not possible at intermediate core switches. Motivated from the aforementioned discussions, in this paper, we propose a switch design DbOBS, that is capable to store variable OB during contention slots. DbOBS estimates mean burst length, and possible deviation from mean length to minimize burst loss. The considered switch design is validated through parameters like-burst length estimation, over-reservation, and waiting time. For network-layer simulations, poison arrivals of data bursts are considered as packetized units. The packets are sent through Monte-Carlo arrivals and burst loss probability (BLP) is estimated at various input load conditions and buffer sizes. DbOBS achieves a BLP in order of 10-4 at load ≈ 0.8, and buffer-size of 50, and burst length of L = 5, that outperforms the traditional switch designs.
Wide Range Refractive Index Sensor Using a Birefringent Optical Fiber
Authors: De Moutusi , Singh Vinod Kumar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this article, an efficient high birefringent D-shaped photonic crystal fiber (HB-D-PCF) plasmonic refractive index sensor is reported. It is able to work over a long low refractive index (RI) analyte range from 1.29 to 1.36. This modified simple structured hexagonal PCF has high birefringence in the near-infrared region. A thin gold film protected by a titanium dioxide (TiO2) layer is deposited on the D-surface of the PCF which acts as surface plasmon active layer. The sensor consists of an analyte channel on the top of the fiber. The performance of the HB-D-PCF is analyzed based on finite element method (FEM). Both wavelength and amplitude interrogation techniques are applied to study the sensing performance of the optimized sensor. Numerical results show wavelength and amplitude sensitivity of 9245nm/RIU and 1312 RIU-1 respectively with high resolution. Owing to the high sensitivity, long range sensing ability as well as spectral stability the designed HB-D-PCF SPR sensor is a potential candidate for water pollution control, glucose concentration testing, biochemical analyte detection as well as portable device fabrication.
Prior Angina Reduces Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation in Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Role of Ischemic Preconditioning
Authors: Ozel Ramime , Ozer Pelin Karaca , Serbest Nail Guven , Atıcı Adem , Onur Imran , Bugra Zehra 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMitral regurgitation may develop due to left ventricular (LV) remodeling within 3 months following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and is called ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR). Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been reported as the most important mechanism of the association between prior angina and the favorable outcome. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of prior angina on the development and severity of IMR at 3rd month in patients with ST elevation MI (STEMI).MethodsFourty five (45) patients admitted with STEMI and at least mild IMR, revascularized by PCI were enrolled. According to presence of prior angina within 72 hours before STEMI, patients were then divided into two groups as angina (+) (n:26; 58%) and angina (-) (n:19; 42%). All patients underwent 2D transthoracic echocardiography at 1st, 3rd days and 3rd month. IMR was evaluated by proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) method: PISA radius (PISA-r), effective regurgitant orifice area (EROA), regurgitant volume (Rvol). LV ejection fraction (EF %) was calculated by Simpson’s method. High sensitive troponin T (hs-TnT), creatine phosphokinase myocardial band (CK-MB) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptid (NTpro-BNP) levels were compared between two groups.ResultsAlthough PISA-r, EROA and Rvol were similar in both groups at 1st and 3rd days, all were significantly decreased (p=0.012, p=0.007, p=0.011, respectively) and EF was significantly increased (p< 0.001) in angina (+) group at 3rd month. NTpro-BNP and hs-TnT levels at 1st day and 3rd month were similar, however CK-MB level at 3rd month was found to be significantly lower in the angina (+) group (p=0.034).Conclusion﻿At the end of the 3rd month, it was observed that the severity of IMR evaluated by PISA method was decreased and EF increased significantly in patients who defined angina within 72 hours prior to STEMI, suggesting a relation with IPC.
New Modeling of AgFeNi2S4-Graphene-TiO2 Ternary Nanocomposite with Chelate Compounds and Its Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2
Authors: Otgonbayar Zambaga , Jung Chong Hun , Won-Chun Oh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Herein, we synthesized the chalcogenide-quaternary nanocomposite loaded Graphene-based ternary photocatalyst via a modified solvothermal method. The preparation of quaternary nanocomposite was based on metallic citrate polymerization which used ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) and citric acid (C6H8O7) as chelate cations. The morphology and electrochemical properties of the as-prepared nano-material investigated by using a physical characterization equipment. Each result showed that the ternary photocatalyst was successfully synthesized and showed the low recombination rate of photogenerated electrons and holes, which defined the catalytic activity of the photocatalyst for CO2 evolution into hydrocarbon fuels under light irradiation. In addition, the stability and reusability of the photocatalyst were analyzed by a 6-times cycling test without loss of methanol formation by CO2 evolution. The graphene-based ternary photocatalyst offers a new nanomaterial with a new-model that protects the environment by showing high catalytic activity in reducing CO2 to methanol.