bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D&nbsp;Kinetic Analysis: A Rapid, Model Independent, Method for Enzyme Kinetics
Authors: Abbasi Armina , Rodgers John T. , Jones Jeffrey P. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this work, we present the 3D Kinetics approach as a step forward in the field of enzyme kinetics. Normally in enzyme kinetics, it is first assumed that the kinetics will conform to the assumption of Michaelis and Menten and an experiment is conducted at various concentrations around the concentration that gives half-maximal velocity. Often, these experiments could be compromised by having too much substrate, nonlinear reaction over time, time-dependent or substrate inhibition, or several other kinetic models. Herein, we present a general strategy that will decrease the number of experiments required to develop an accurate representation of the kinetics of an enzymatic reaction. We show that with a single experimental protocol, we can fit a number of the most common kinetic models associated with enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Through this experiment, we introduce the effect of time on saturation curves by modeling the reaction velocity over time and across a set of substrate concentrations. Michaelis-Menten (MM) kinetics and other analytical solutions used to solve more complex kinetic models were introduced to the field of enzymology over a hundred years ago and have only marginally changed over the years with each analytical model requiring a different set of experiments and concentration ranges. Although this approach was necessary at the time, the computational power today makes any such simplifying and limiting efforts unnecessary and avoidable. In this study, we use a single experimental protocol and fit a number of different models to the resulting data. We present four different case studies to compare and contrast the outcomes of 3D Kinetics with MM analysis for different kinetic scenarios such as enzymatic reactions with linear kinetics, biphasic kinetics, substrate inhibition, and time-dependent inhibition (TDI) to confirm the advantage of the 3D Kinetics method to the long-established MM analysis.
Comprehensive Analysis of Angiogenesis Subtype of Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: qin fanglu , Deng Kun , Qin Junqi , Xu Zhanyu , Yuan Liqiang , Wei Jiangbo , Sun Yu , Zheng Tiaozhan , Li Shikang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a disease with distinct management complexities as it displays a remarkably heterogeneous molecular subtype. However, the landscape of angiogenesis for SCC is not fully investigated.Method and materials: The integrated analysis for the angiogenesis-related subtype for SCC and was performed using the ConsensusClusterPlus package based on angiogenesis-related genes and TCGA data respectively. We analyzed the alternation of the genes and miRNAs as well as pathways associated with angiogenesis. Next, we evaluated the prognostic value of the SCC subtype, the mode of regulation, the correlation with genomic characteristics, immune microenvironment, and clinical features of the angiogenesis subtypes.Results: Totally, a total of 1368 SCC samples were included in this study. Two angiogenesis subtypes were then identified based on the one hundred and sixty-three angiogenesis-related genes with subtype1 of 951 SCC patients and subtype2 of 417 SCC. GSEA revealed that angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, inflammatory response, hypoxia was enriched in the subtype1 and suggested that the subtype 1 were angiogenesis-subtype of SCC. Eight of the 15 immune checkpoints (ADORA2A, BTLA, CD276, CYBB, HAVCR2, SIGLEC7, SIGLEC9, and VTCN1) were significantly up-regulated while C10orf54 were significantly down-regulated in the angiogenesis subtype. The survival analysis revealed that the patients in the angiogenesis subtype have a poorer survival outcome than that in the non-angiogenesis subtype (P=0.017 for disease free interval and P=0.00013 for overall survival).Conclusion: Our analysis suggests that the importance of the angiogenesis pathway in SCC and may represent an underappreciated hallmark of SCC progression.
Normalization of glucose metabolism by Exendin-4 in the chronic phase after stroke promotes functional recovery in diabetes
Authors: Augestad Ingrid , Dekens Doortje , Karampatsi Dimitra , Elabi Osama , Zabala Alexander , Pintana Hiranya , Larsson Martin , Nyström Thomas , Paul Gesine , Darsalia Vladimer , Patrone Cesare 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) activation can decrease stroke risk in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Moreover, animal studies have shown the efficacy of GLP-1R agonists to counteract stroke-induced acute brain damage. Whether GLP-1R activation can also improve stroke recovery during the post-acute, chronic phase after stroke, however, remains to be determined. We investigated whether post-acute, chronic administration of the GLP-1R agonist Exendin-4 improves poststroke recovery and examined possible underlying mechanisms in T2D and non-T2D mice.
Methods

We induced stroke via transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in T2D/obese mice (8 months of high-fat diet) and age-matched controls. Exendin-4 was administered daily for 8 weeks from day 3 after tMCAO. We assessed functional recovery by weekly upper-limb grip strength tests, while insulin sensitivity and glycemia were evaluated at 4 and 8 weeks after tMCAO. Neuronal cell death, stroke-induced neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, potential atrophy of GABAergic, parvalbumin + interneurons, poststroke vascular remodeling and fibrotic scar formation were investigated by immunohistochemistry.
Results

Exendin-4 entirely normalized the T2D-induced impairment of forepaw grip strength recovery. The recovery correlated with the normalization of glycemia and insulin sensitivity. We also show that Exendin-4 counteracted the T2D-induced atrophy of parvalbumin + interneurons and decreased microglia activation. In addition, Exendin-4 normalized density and pericyte coverage of microvessels and restored fibrotic scar formation in T2D mice. In non-T2D mice the recovery effect of Exendin-4 was minor.
Conclusion

This study demonstrates that post-acute, chronic GLP-1R activation mediates neurological recovery after stroke in T2D mice likely through the normalization of glucose metabolism and neuroplasticity mechanisms as well as improved vascular remodeling in the recovery phase. The results promote launching clinical trials investigating whether GLP-1R agonists improve the efficacy of rehabilitation after stroke in people with T2D.
Pesticide residues determination in food premises in Bench-Maji zone, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Mekonnen Besufekad , Siraj Jafer , Negash Samuel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Pesticides are very important risk factors in human life causing chronic human health effects. Pesticides are commonly used across the globe to enhance human endeavors. In Ethiopia, pesticides are widely used by local farmers and governmental organizations for pests control purpose. However, majority of pesticides are not specifically targeting the pest. As a result, pesticide residues in food items have been a concern to the consumers and environment they live in. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the amount of organo-chlorine and organo-phosphate pesticide residues in cereal crops in Bench-Maji Zone, Ethiopia. Experimental study design was employed to determine the amount of pesticide residues and cereal crops were bought from the local farm sites and market of purposively selected sites. The samples were extracted using a Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe extraction and clean up method. Finally, the extracted samples were injected into Gas chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometer and the types, and concentrations of pesticide residues were analyzed using linear regression equation that obtained from calibration curves. The highest concentration of Endosulfan sulfate (0.076 mgkg− 1) was detected in rice, followed by Dimethoate (0.068 mgkg− 1) and p,p’-DDE (0.087 mgkg− 1) in Sorghum and common millet, respectively in the samples obtained from Gurafarda site. The highest concentration of p,p’-DDT (0.133 mgkg− 1) was detected in common millet, followed by Aldrin (0.082mgkg− 1) and Dimethoate (0.077mgkg− 1) in Sorghum and common millet, respectively in the samples obtained from North-Bench site. In addition, Aldrin detected in rice, sorghum and common millet obtained from the three sites was a residue of above the maximum residual limits set by Codex Alimentarius regulations and European Union. The finding shows that the detection of pesticide residues in cereal crops in samples obtained from the study area. It is an indication of the widespread use of pesticides in cereal crops production. Therefore, strict supervision of pesticide application in the fields, regulation of informal veterinary drug store and implmentation of integrated vector management strategy are recommended.
High-Yield Grafting of Carboxylated Polymers to Wood Pulp Fibers
Authors: Zhang Hongfeng , Bicho Paul , Doherty Erin A.S. , Riehle Richard J. , Mirabal Jose Moran , Pelton Robert 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Poly(ethylene-alt-maleic acid), PEMAc, is a linear polymer that, along with its isomer polyacrylic acid, has the highest carboxylic acid content of any polymer. The goal of this work was to elucidate the mechanisms that control the amount of PEMAc that is permanently fixed on pulp fibers after the impregnation of dry pulp with a dilute PEMAc solution followed by drying/heating (curing). Two mechanisms by which PEMAc is fixed to cellulose fibers were discovered, chemical, and physical fixation. With room temperature drying only physical fixation is operative. Evidence supports the explanation that physical fixation is a consequence of the slow swelling and dissolution of thick dried PEMAc deposits on fiber surfaces. Chemical fixation includes grafting to cellulose plus enhanced cohesion within thick PEMAc layers, possibly due to interchain crosslinking. The pH of the PEMAc impregnation solution determines the fixation mechanism for curing temperatures above 100 o C. Physical fixation dominates when pH > 8 whereas chemical fixation dominates for impregnation pH values < 7, suggesting the curing reactions require partial or complete protonation of the succinic acid moieties. The yield of impregnated polymer fixed to the fibers after washing depends upon the fixation mechanism. When chemical fixation dominates, the yields for low and high molecular weight PEMAc doses less than 0.1 meq/g (6.3 kg PEMA/tonne dry pulp) were close to or equaled 100%. By contrast, when the primary mechanism is physical fixation, yields are ~50% for high molecular weight PEMAc and 0-20% for low MW PEMAc. These results show that high PEMAc fixation yields can be achieved under curing conditions that could be implemented in pulp drying machines producing dry market pulp.
Work-Related Risk Factors For Ulnar Nerve Entrapment in The Northern Finland Birth Cohort of 1966
Authors: Miettinen Laura , Ryhänen Jorma , Shiri Rahman , Karppinen Jaro , Miettunen Jouko , Auvinen Juha , Hulkkonen Sina 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Ulnar nerve entrapment (UNE) is the second most common entrapment neuropathy in the upper extremity. The aetiology of UNE is multifactorial and is still not fully understood. The aim of the study was to identify occupational risk factors for UNE and to determine whether smoking modifies the effects of work-related factors on UNE. The study population consisted of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort of 1966 (NFBC1966). In total, 6325 individuals active in working life participated in a 31-year follow-up study in 1997. Occupational risk factors were evaluated by a questionnaire at baseline in 1997. The data on hospitalizations due to UNE were obtained from the Care Register for Health Care between 1997 and 2018. The incidence rate of hospitalization due to UNE was 47.6 cases per 100 000 person-years. After adjusting for confounders, entrepreneurs (Hazard ratio (HR)=3.68, 95% CI 1.20-11.27), smokers (HR=2.51, 95% CI 1.43-4.41), workers exposed to temperature changes (HR=1.72, 95% CI 1.00-2.93), workers with physically demanding jobs (HR=3.02, 95% CI 1.39-6.58), and workers exposed to hand vibration (HR=1.94, 95% CI 1.00-3.77) were at an increased risk of hospitalization for UNE. Exposure to work requiring arm elevation increased the risk of hospitalization due to UNE among smokers (HR=2.62, 95% CI 1.13-6.07), but not among non-smokers. Work-related exposure to vibration and temperature changes, and physically demanding work increase the risk of hospitalization for UNE. Smoking may potentiate the adverse effects of work-related factors on UNE.
Evidence For The Involvement of B Cells and Antibody in The Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis in Immunized Mouse With Recombinant Myelin Basic Protein Peptide
Authors: Sahlolbei Maryam , Hajizadeh Maryam , Naseri Marzie , Ghanbarian Hossein , Hashemi Seyed Mahmoud , Madjd Zahra , Kiani Jafar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Over the years, regarding great progresses in knowledge of immunology and neuroscience, the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been changed. The earlier strategies were focused mainly on T lymphocytes as pioneer cells responsible to inflammatory damage in the central nervous system lesions, whereas B cells, plasma cells and antibodies are also found in the active nerve lesions in MS patients. Despite the accumulating evidence, the role of Myelin basic protein (MBP) antibodies in progression of lesions in nervous system is not completely clear yet. In this regard, here, we present data on B cells and antibody level after MBP immunization of MS mice model. Recombinant fusion protein harboring Myelin basic protein peptide (amino acids 83–99) and CFP was produced in E. coli and purified with chromatography. Then, the C57BL / 6 mice were immunized by rMBP-CFP. Antibody-based assay was used to quantify the level of reactivity to the MBP in mice serum. Subsequently, humoral immunity was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), ELISA, and Flow cytometry. Our data indicated an increase in autoreactive B cells and MBP specific antibodies after immunization. IHC analysis revealed an increasing penetration rate of immune cells and the nerve lesions development in the nervous system following increasing in MBP antibody titers.This study represented data to support this idea that reactive B cells and antibodies to MBP may contribute to MS pathogenesis. Hence, targeting of these autoreactive B cells and antibodies can be used as potential tools in treatment of MS patients.
Title Plasma Repressor Element 1-Silencing Transcription Factor Levels Decrease in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease&nbsp;
Authors: Wei Mingqing , Ni Jingnian , Shi Jing , Li Ting , Xu Xiaoqing , Li Chenmeng , Qin Bin , Fan Dongsheng , Xie Hengge , Wang Zhong , Wang Yongyan , Lu Tao , Tian Jinzhou 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Repressor element 1-silencing transcription/neuron-restrictive silencer factor (REST) was considered as a new therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the relationships between AD and REST remain unclear. This study aimed to 1) examine plasma REST levels and REST gene AD patients, and 2) further explore the pathological relationships between REST protein levels and cognition decline in clinic, including medial temporal-lobe atrophy. Methods: Subjects (n=252, mean age 68.95±8.78 years old) were recruited in Beijing, China, and then divided into normal cognition (NC) group (n=89), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) group (n=79) and AD group (n=84) according to diagnostic criteria. All subjects received neuropsychological assessments, laboratory tests and neuroimaging scans (MRI) at baseline. Plasma REST protein levels and distribution of the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of REST were compared across the three groups. Correlation between cognitive function, neuro-image and REST level was calculated using multi-linear-regression analysis. medial temporal-lobe atrophy (need to add this method). Results: The plasma REST levels in both NC group (430.30±303.43) and aMCI group (414.27±263.39) were significantly higher than AD group ( NC vs AD, p=0.034; aMCI vs AD, p=0.033). There was no significant difference between NC and aMCI group (p=0.948). There was no significant difference among three groups on the distribution of the genotype distribution of Rs2227902 and Rs3976529 of REST gene. The REST level was correlated to left medial temporal-lobe atrophy index (r=0.306, p=0.023). After 6-month follow up, the REST level in NC group was positively related to the change scores of mini-mental state examination scale (MMSE) (r=0.289, p=0.02). Conclusion: Plasma REST protein declines in AD patients, which also associated with memory impairment and left temporal-lobe atrophy, which may have potential value for clinical diagnosis of AD.
Retention of Bovie scratch pad radio-opaque marker during VATS pleurodesis
Authors: Akras Deena , Raymond Daniel , Akhrass Rami , Murhty Sudish 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Surgical intervention for spontaneous pneumothorax typically includes mechanical pleurodesis that frequently utilizes a bovie scratch pad given its universal presence, low cost and ease of use. The pad is folded on itself after dividing it in half, allowing easier passage through the smaller incisions. This case is reported to raise awareness that dividing the scratch pad may allow the embedded radio-opaque marker to fall out and become retained as a foreign body.Case presentation: The patient is a 41 year-old female who presented with shortness of breath secondary to spontaneous pneumothorax. Chest CT scan showed apical blebs. The patient underwent video assisted thorascopic surgery (VATS) with bleb resection and mechanical pleurodesis using a divided and folded bovie scratch pad. Postoperative chest x-ray showed a retained foreign body. Reoperation confirmed this to be the radio-opaque marker of the scratch pad and was removed. The patient did well and was discharge the following day.Conclusion: Dividing the bovie scratch pad may damage and “weaken” the product allowing the radio- opaque marker to fall out during its use for pleurodesis and should be discouraged. Recommendation is made of using the scratch pad as a whole and not dividing it.
Seed Layer-Assisted Chemical Bath Deposition of Cu2O Nanoparticles On ITO-Coated Glass Substrates With Tunable Morphology, Crystallinity, and Optical Properties
Authors: Alsultany Forat H. , Alhasan Sarmad Fawzi Hamza , Salim Evan T. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A seed layer-assisted chemical bath deposition (SCBD) method at low temperature has been developed to growth uniform and high crystal quality cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticles on transparent conductive/glass substrates. These films were grown on indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) as seed layer which deposited on glass substrates using magnetron sputtering-RF . The ITO seed annealing process by continuous beam (CW) of CO2 laser was used prior to growing the Cu2O nanoparticles. In this study, controlled synthesis of Cu2O films were investigated by controlling the growth temperature at 55, 60, 65, and 70 oC, respectively. The products of films were characterized in detail by using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD). Optical properties of this Cu2O nanoparticles were examined UV-Vis spectroscopy. The study suggests synthesis route for developing high quality Cu2O nanoparticles using SCBD method for optical and electronic applications.
A Case of Primary Apocrine Adenocarcinoma Presenting With Axillary Mass
Authors: Bulut Gulcan , Celikaslan Sukran Senyurek , Eren Remziye 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Primary apocrine sweat gland adenocarcinoma is a very rare tumour. Apocrin carcinoma is a high incicence of local recurrence and lymph node metastasis. When the location of the tumor is axilla, it should be differentiated from occult breast cancer. Surgery is the first step in primary apocrine cancer treatment. However, there is no clear consensus about adjuvant part of treatment.Methods: The case with axillary apocrin carcinoma was presentated diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment approach.Result : Axillary localized apocrine carcinoma was differentiated from occult breast cancer by pathological findings. For this reason, the patient was operated only an axillary dissection operation. Operated patient with axillary apocrine carcinoma was treated with radiotherapy. As a result of pathological evaluation of the tumor, tamoxifen was added to the treatment when the hormone receptor was positive.Conclusions: The patient with apocrine carcinoma was treated with sequential radiotherapy and tamoxifen, and disease-free follow-up to this day
The Covid-19 Pandemic Impact on the Absorption of Non-Tax State Revenue Budget: A Study in Gorontalo Province National Land Agency Region
Authors: HM Muhdar , Mohamad Roni , Muhtar Muhtar , Maguni Wahyuddin , St Rahma , Mohamad Hamdan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Non-Tax State Revenue (PNBP) as a budget source for government was eroded by Covid-19 pandemic. The decline in the PNBP value of nationally results in low budget absorption at work unit level. This study aims to describe the impact caused by the Covid-19 Pandemic on budget absorption of PNBP in within Regional Office of the Gorontalo Province National Land Agency. This research uses descriptive quantitative research. The results showed that the Covid-19 pandemic had a negative impact in terms of budget absorption where budget absorption rate in third quarter did not reach the target of 60% so that the budget absorption performance value of all work units was below 80, which means that budget absorption was in poor and very bad criteria less. Meanwhile, Covid-19 pandemic has also had a positive impact in terms of savings and efficiency in budget use, thereby reducing burden on the State Budget
The Maintenance of Microbial Community in Human Fecal Samples by a Self-made Cost-effective Preservation Buffer
Authors: Wu Chongming , Chen Tianda , Xu Wenyi , Zhang Tingting , Pei Yuwei , Yang Yanan , Zhang Fang , Guo Hao , Wang Qingshi , Wang Li , Zhao Bowen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the burgeoning microbiome filed, powerful sequencing approaches and accompanied bioanalytical methods have made tremendous contributions to the discoveries of breakthroughs, which favor to unravel the intimate interplay between gut microbiota and human health. Maintaining sequencing samples is essential to guarantee the authenticity and reliability of microbiome studies. Hence, the development of preservation methods is extremely important to hold samples eligible for the consequent analysis, especially population cohort-based investigations or those spanning species or geography, which frequently facing difficulties in suppling freezing conditions. Although there are several commercial products available, the exploration of cost-efficient and ready-to-use preservation methods are still in a large demand. Here, we performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing and demonstrated that in a short-term storage, microbial consortia in human fecal samples were substantially maintained, independent of the storage temperature. We also verified a self-made preservation buffer could not only maintain fecal microbiota at ambient temperature up to several weeks but also enable samples to endure a high temperature condition which mimics temperature variations in summer logistics. Moreover, PB buffer exhibited suitability for human saliva as well. Collectively, PB buffer may be a valuable choice to stabilize sequencing samples if neither freezing facilities nor liquid nitrogen is available.