bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does neonatal manipulation on continuous or alternate days change maternal behavior?
Authors: Rêgo Débora da Silva Bandeira , Pires Jaime Moreira , Foresti Maira Licia , Mello Luiz , Leslie Ana Teresa Figueiredo Stochero 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMaternal separation and neonatal manipulation of pups produce changes in maternal behavior after the dam–pup reunion. Here, we examined whether continuous versus alternating days of neonatal manipulation during the first 8 postnatal days produces differential changes in maternal and non‐maternal behaviors in rats. We found that both maternal separation protocols increased anogenital licking after dam–pup reunion, reflecting increased maternal care of pups.
The changing characteristics of patients with chronic hepatitis C prescribed direct acting antiviral medicines in general practice since listing of the medicines on the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme
Authors: Busingye Doreen , Chidwick Kendal , Simpson Vanessa , Dartnell Jonathan , J Dore Gregory , Balcomb Anne , Blogg Suzanne 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and AimThe primary objective of this study was to determine whether the characteristics of patients prescribed direct acting antiviral (DAA) medicines have changed since initial listing of the medicines on the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS).MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted using data from MedicineInsight, an Australian database of general practice electronic health records, from March 2016 to August 2018. We compared sociodemographic, comorbidity, and clinical characteristics of patients aged at least 18 years who were prescribed at least one DAA in the first 4 months of PBS listing in 2016 with those prescribed at least one DAA in 2018.ResultsThere were 2251 eligible adult patients prescribed a DAA during the study period, 62% were men and 59% were aged 50 years and older. Patients prescribed DAA medicines initially were older (aged ≥50 years: 67.9% vs 49.3%; P < 0.001), and more likely to have liver cirrhosis (14.2% vs 8.4%; P = 0.01) and an aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) score >1 (20.4% vs 8.9%; P < 0.001) than those prescribed DAA medicines in 2018. A greater proportion of patients in regional/remote (46.5% vs 35.6%; P < 0.001) and socioeconomically disadvantaged areas (44.4% vs 34.5%; P = 0.003) accessed treatment in 2018 compared with 2016.ConclusionsDespite evidence of decreasing uptake of DAA medicines across Australia, this study indicates broadened uptake among younger age groups and those residing in regional/remote and socioeconomically disadvantaged areas since 2016. While uptake of DAA medicines in some population subgroups appears to have improved, continuous efforts to improve uptake across the Australian population are essential.
Leadership and Self‐Help Initiatives: The Case of Water Supply Services in Morogoro, Tanzania
Authors: Umeodum Henry C. , Magayane Flavianus T. , Nonga Hezron E. 
Published: June 2021

In a bid to improve water supply Tanzania changed its water policy in 2002. It is now almost two decades and water problems have remained a prominent issue. Community leadership is required to ensure increased access to safe water by enhancing effective community engagement in operation and management of water resources. The current study investigated the roles of community leadership in water supply through self‐help initiatives in the Morogoro region. A total of 365 household heads were randomly selected for a survey. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Results show that there is a significant positive relationship (r = 0.562 atp < .001) between community leadership and self‐help initiatives. Good leadership practices promote self‐help actions in water supply services. However, lack of accountability in the management of community water funds as well as leaders’ inability to lead by self‐help actions are examples of leadership ineffectiveness that currently hampers community self‐help initiatives. As such, addressing the current water problems in rural Tanzanian communities in a sustainable manner requires investments in programs that empower community leadership, and in some situations, alongside the development of water infrastructure.
Monitoring residue levels and dietary risk assessment of thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin for Chinese consumption of Chinese kale
Authors: Li Kai‐long , Chen Wu‐ying , Zhang Min , Luo Xiang‐wen , Liu Yong , Zhang De‐yong , Chen Ang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThiamethoxam is widely used to control pests in Chinese kale, popularly consumed leafy vegetables. The potential risk to the environment and human health has aroused much public concern. Therefore, it is important to investigate the degradation behavior, residue distribution and dietary risk assessment of thiamethoxam in Chinese kale.RESULTSA sensitive analytical method for determination of thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin residue in Chinese kale was established and validated through a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) technique with ultra‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS). The recoveries were 85.4–101.2% for thiamethoxam and 79.5–108.1% for clothianidin, with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.9–10.2% and 1.8–6.0%, respectively. For the dissipation kinetics, the data showed that thiamethoxam in Chinese kale was degraded with the half‐lives of 4.1 to 4.5 days. In the terminal residue experiments, the residues of thiamethoxam were 0.017–0.357 mg kg−1 after application 2–3 times with a preharvest interval (PHI) of 7 days under the designed dosages. The chronic and acute dietary exposure assessment risk quotient (RQ) values of thiamethoxam in Chinese kale for different Chinese consumers were 0.08–0.19% and 0.05–0.12%, respectively, and those of clothianidin were 0.01–0.04% and 0.02–0.04%, respectively, all of the RQ values were lower than 100%.CONCLUSIONThiamethoxam in Chinese kale was rapidly degraded following first‐order kinetics models. The dietary risk of thiamethoxam and clothianidin through Chinese kale was negligible to consumers. The results from this study are important reference for Chinese governments to developing criteria for the safe and rational use of thiamethoxam, setting maximum residue levels (MRLs), monitoring the quality safety of agricultural products and protecting consumer health. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Direct Imprinting of Laser Field on Halide Perovskite Single Crystal for Advanced Photonic Applications
Authors: Zhizhchenko A. Y. , Cherepakhin A. B. , Masharin M. A. , Pushkarev A. P. , Kulinich S. A. , Porfirev A. P. , Kuchmizhak A. A. , Makarov S. V. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSingle crystal halide perovskites with microscale dimensions are an emerging class of objects for various advanced photonic and optoelectronic applications. Particularly, defect tolerance and broadband tunability of luminescence make them one of the most prospective candidates to develop microlasers for visible range. However, their post‐processing by standard nanolithography methods face a number of problems related to worsening of their properties, thus making gentle laser processing one of best solutions for perovskite patterning. Here, it is shown that femtosecond laser irradiation of single‐crystal halide perovskite CsPbBr3 allows for its precise and ultraclean ablation fully controlled at subwavelength scale by the intensity and polarization distribution of the complex laser field applied. Indeed, the extremely low thermal conductivity (over 300 times lower than that of silicon) and ultrafast thermalization rate makes it possible to reduce heat‐affected zone and avoid melting layer contribution, while the high refractive index (larger than 2) provides high spatial resolution in case of irradiation of pre‐patterned focusing perovskite nanostructures. These features allow for direct imprinting of the incident laser field at wavelength λ = 515 nm, creating micro‐lens and various light‐emitting metasurfaces with deeply subwavelength spatial resolution (down to λ/7).
FIVE LEADERSHIP SKILLS FOR THE FUTURE
Authors: Ibarra Herminia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNoting the need for what Harvard Kennedy School professor Ronald Heifetz calls “adaptive challenges” to areas such as environmental issues, and systemic racism, the author has “found that five critical leadership skills are vital for creating an environment in which learning things the organization does not know how to do is valued over executing flawlessly on what it knows already.” The five skills, in the author's words, are cross‐cutting, collaborating, coaching, culture shaping, and connecting. Within cross‐cutting, she notes that Google “found that its higher performing employees tended to build larger, more productive networks by using intentional strategies like deliberately eating lunch with different people in order to do so.” In collaborating, she writes of the importance of psychological safety. In coaching, she explains the crucial nature of “using questions to spark insights in the other person and a choice to give support and guidance rather than instructions.” In culture shaping, she writes about how Microsoft eliminated its quarterly business reviews, “in favor of a more learning oriented session in which coaching could take place.” And in connecting, she employs the example of two different leaders, New Zealand prime minister Jacinda Ardern and Kaiser Permanente chief executive officer Greg A. Adams.
A High Strength but Fast Fracture‐Self‐Healing Thermoplastic Elastomer
Authors: Zhang Yu , Yu Yongjia , Zhao Xiaojuan , Yang Xin , Yu Ran , Zhang Ying , Huang Wei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHerein, a new type of healable thermoplastic poly(urethane‐urea) (PUU) elastomer with a unique dual dynamic network structure consisting of multi‐strength hydrogen bonds and aromatic disulfide bonds, is designed and synthesized. The resultant PUU elastomer exhibits high tensile strength (41 MPa), great toughness (104 MJ m−3), and excellent self‐healing capability (completely severes, heals at 60 ℃ for just 1 h, and recovers more than 80% of the original tensile strength). Although the PUU possesses high‐density hydrogen bonds, it is completely homogeneous without micro‐phase separation. The unique dual dynamic network structure alleviates the adverse effects of strong molecular interactions on self‐healing process, simultaneously endowing the polymer with outstanding mechanical properties and excellent self‐healing capability at mild temperature. In addition, the underlying mechanism between performance and structure is revealed. The PUU has potential applications in soft robots and wearable electronics.
A Novel Photoinduced Ligation Approach for Cross‐Linking Polymerization, Polymer Chain‐End Functionalization, and Surface Modification Using Benzoyl Azides
Authors: Kocaarslan Azra , Yılmaz Gorkem , Topcu Gokhan , Demirel Levent , Yagcı Yusuf 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVarious ligation processes have recently become a powerful tool in synthetic polymer chemistry. Herein, the use of a new photochemical ligation process as a versatile approach for the cross‐linking polymerization, functionalization of polymer chain ends, and surface modification of various materials such as silica and graphene oxide, is demonstrated. The process is based on the formation of urethane linkages by the reaction of photochemically in situ generated isocyanates from benzoyl azides with hydroxyl moieties in the presence of organobase, bicyclo[2.2.2]‐1,4‐diazaoctane (DABCO) under ambient conditions. The intermediates and obtained materials are characterized by NMR, FTIR, TGA, and TEM analyses. It is believed that this simple and efficient ligation process will expand future applications to fabricate complex macromolecular structures, biomaterials, and gels.
Best practice for osteological sexing in forensics and bioarchaeology: The utility of combining metric and morphological traits from different anatomical regions
Authors: Navitainuck Denise U. , Vach Werner , Alt Kurt W. , Schibler Jörg 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper aims to systematically investigate the value of combining traits from different anatomical regions in osteological sexing by contrasting the utility of single traits and established scores with those of ensembles of traits from single or multiple anatomical regions, allowing metric and morphological traits to be combined. The utility was defined as the fraction of the population for whom we could reach a posterior probability above 95% of being male or female. A total of 675 adult individuals from the sixth to eighth century AD cemetery of Mannheim Bösfeld, Germany, were assessed, and 27 postcranial metric traits and 41 morphological traits from the pelvis, mandible, and cranium were used. In addition, 13 metric and 3 morphological scores were considered. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was used to construct rules and cross validation to determine accuracy and utility. These parameters were determined for single traits and scores, trait groups defined by anatomical regions and/or previously considered in the literature, and ensembles of traits defined by selecting several promising traits from different anatomical regions. Accuracy of single traits ranged from 0.76 to 0.94, with scores even reaching 0.97, but utility remained around 0.2–0.4 for metric traits and up to 0.6 for morphological traits. Only scores and ensembles combining traits from different anatomical regions reached a utility above 0.7; that is, sex could be estimated in more than 70% of the individuals with a posterior probability above 95%. When selecting a limited number of traits for systematic sexing in a human skeletal series, it is advisable to select traits from different anatomical regions to obtain a reasonably reliable result in as many individuals as possible. Large scale investigations covering all relevant anatomical regions and involving a wide range of populations are required for more precise recommendations.
Transient hyperphosphatasemia: Possible association with pediatric acute respiratory infection
Authors: Sakurai Yoshihiko , Higashiguchi Takafumi 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTImportanceAcute respiratory infections are quite prevalent in children. Transient hyperphosphatasemia (TH) is defined as the transient elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level, which occurs mainly in infants and children without liver or bone disorders. Although no apparent cause has been identified, a possible association of respiratory infections with TH has been reported in the literature.ObjectiveIn this study, we aimed to investigate the association between TH and respiratory infectious diseases.MethodsWe collected the results of biochemical investigations, including ALP level, for a period of 5 years in our hospital. We then examined the patients with transiently elevated ALP levels of > 2000 U/L.ResultsDuring the observation period, 1501 blood samples were collected from 1097 patients. Marked elevation of serum ALP level was observed in 12 patients. All patients with hyperphosphatasemia, except for one with Fanconi syndrome attributable to the underlying Wilson’s disease, were aged < 5 years and were diagnosed with TH. Ten of these 11 patients with TH had acute respiratory infections. Marked ALP elevation was not found in any patients with non‐inflammatory diseases. ALP isoenzyme profiles showed a characteristic pattern in all six patients in whom the ALP isoenzyme test was conducted.InterpretationOur results suggest an association between respiratory infections and TH. The consideration of TH in patients with acute respiratory infections may lead to earlier and accurate diagnosis of this condition, thereby avoiding unnecessary medical interventions.
Atypical hematological manifestation of celiac disease: A case report of aplastic anemia in a 2‐year‐old child and review of the literature
Authors: von Graffenried Thea , Rizzi Mattia , Russo Michel , Nydegger Andreas , Kayemba‐Kay’s Simon 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionCeliac disease typically presents with symptoms of malabsorption, but extraintestinal manifestations are increasingly reported. Aplastic anemia as the mode of celiac disease presentation is extremely rare in children.Case presentationWe report a 2‐year‐old boy who presented with loose stools, loss of appetite, and bicytopenia with severe aregenerative normocytic anemia. Investigations, including bone marrow aspirate and biopsy, revealed aplastic anemia. Screening for malabsorption showed increased plasma concentrations of anti‐transglutaminase and anti‐gliadin antibodies. A duodenal biopsy confirmed the histologic features of celiac disease. The child received a packed red cell transfusion and was started on a gluten‐free diet, with a very good prognosis and normalization of both his blood and histological parameters. To the best of our knowledge, our report is the sixth pediatric case in the literature.ConclusionScreening for celiac disease should be performed in children with unexplained hematological abnormalities such as aplastic anemia with or without gastrointestinal symptoms.
Too many or not enough? A methodology for evaluating fire and gas detector layouts at LNG facilities
Authors: Hendrickson Bryant , Gavelli Filippo , Piekarz Jake 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNFPA 59A Standard for the Production, Storage, and Handling of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) requires facilities to have the equipment necessary for the detection and control of fires, leaks and spills of hazardous materials, yet provides no requirements or guidance on the location of the detectors. Literature available in the public domain outlines key factors to consider in developing layouts for flame and gas detectors, but a methodology to use this information in evaluating a hazard detector layout is not clearly defined; instead, generic and non‐quantifiable terminology such as “quick and reliable” is often used. As a result, there is no consistent approach to developing flame and gas detector layouts for land‐based LNG facilities and there is no systematic method for regulators to evaluate these designs. The ability to quantify hazard detector performance and define performance targets are of particular interest to the Department of Transportation (DOT) Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), which regulates numerous LNG facilities in the United States. Blue Engineering and Consulting is working on a DOT‐PHMSA sponsored project to develop a risk‐based approach and criteria for hazard detector layouts at LNG facilities. This project builds upon performance‐based design principles outlined in NFPA 72 National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code and the International Society of Automation (ISA) technical report 84.00.07 Guidance on the Evaluation of Fire, Combustible Gas, and Toxic Gas System Effectiveness. The methodology divides the LNG facility into Detection Areas based on the hazards present and the plant layout, identifies the appropriate hazard scenarios to evaluate the detector layout, establishes performance targets for each Detection Area, and quantifies hazard detector coverage. This paper will describe and demonstrate the proposed methodology. It should be noted that, while performance targets must be chosen for the purposes of the demonstrative included in this paper, these targets should not be interpreted as requirements of DOT‐PHMSA nor as acceptable to them.
The meander‐type fish pass: An alternative to the conventional vertical slot pass
Authors: Helbig Ulf , Mende Matthias , Dönni Werner , Rathke Klaas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe meander‐type fish pass is a slotted fishway characterised by the exclusive use of rounded and smooth components. Due to the specific geometry and arrangement of the basins, which differ considerably from the conventional vertical slot pass, there are significantly different hydraulic conditions. The water flow is guided along the basin walls by means of a dominant main current while the water body is much calmer towards the centre of the basin, where very low flow velocities are found. A detailed assessment of the functionality is currently impossible due to the small number of surveys of fish passage hitherto carried out. However, considerable potential is indicated by the high passage rates at some sites and the lack of selectivity with regard to species and small fish, together with the design advantages and the adaptation possibilities after construction work is completed. In this study, we offer some recommendations for dimensioning to enable this potential to be exploited. These are oriented around recommendations for conventional vertical slot passes regarding basin size, flow depth and slot width. Due to the great potential of the meander‐type fish pass, it is desirable to construct still more individual pilot passes to implement comprehensive surveys of fish passage on a sound methodological basis.
High‐Resolution Van der Waals Stencil Lithography for 2D Transistors
Authors: Song Wenjing , Kong Lingan , Tao Quanyang , Liu Qing , Yang Xiangdong , Li Jia , Duan Huigao , Duan Xidong , Liao Lei , Liu Yuan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract2D semiconductors have attracted tremendous attention as an atomically thin channel for transistors with superior immunity to short‐channel effects. However, with atomic thin structure, the delicate 2D lattice is not fully compatible with conventional lithography processes that typically involve high‐energy photon/electron radiation and unavoidable polymer residues, posing a key limitation for high performance 2D transistors. Here, a novel van der Waals (vdW) stencil lithography technique based on dry mask lamination process is developed. By pre‐fabricating polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resist with designed patterns, the whole PMMA mask layers could be mechanically released from the sacrifice wafer and physically laminated on top of various 2D semiconductors. The vdW stencil lithography ensures pristine 2D surface without any high‐energy electron/photon radiation, polymer residues, or chemical doping effects in conventional lithography process; and the soft nature of PMMA enables intimate contact between the mask and the 2D materials without physical gap, leading to ultra‐high resolution down to 60 nm. Together, by applying vdW stencil lithography for 2D semiconductors, high performance transistors are demonstrated. Our method not only demonstrates improved 2D transistor performance without lithography induced damages, but also provides a new vdW stencil lithography technique for 2D materials with high resolution.
Covalent Organic Frameworks with Low Surface Work Function Enabled Stable Lithium Anode
Authors: Chen Dongdong , Liu Peng , Zhong Lei , Wang Shuanjin , Xiao Min , Han Dongmei , Huang Sheng , Meng Yuezhong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUniform deposition and distribution of lithium ion (Li+) on the surface of lithium metal anode is crucial for long‐life and high‐safety lithium metal batteries. However, the preparation of stable solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) is mostly based on trial and error in the absence of guideline. Herein, covalent organic framework (COF) with high Young's modulus and low surface work function is in situ synthesized on Li anode to stabilize Li|electrolyte interface. Notably, Young's modulus, mechanical index for Li dendrite resistance, and surface work function, electrical index for Li+ distribution, can be regarded as macroscopically detectable indicators to evaluate the artificial SEI before battery assembly. The COFTpPa modified Li metal anodes delivered stable cycling over 1000 (2000) h at high current density of 5 (2) mA cm−2 in the ether‐based electrolyte, and the full cells with commercial LiFePO4 electrode (mass loading of 16.5 mg cm−2) demonstrate remarkably enhanced cycling performance with a high reversible capacity of 152.3 mAh g−1 (retention of 96.8%) after 300 cycles.