bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Impact Preliminary Assessment of Airborne Particulate from Metalworking and Woodworking Industries
Authors: Pavlovska Ilona , Ramata-Stunda Anna , Martinsone Zanna , Boroduskis Martins , Patetko Liene , Martinsone Inese , Seile Anita , Vanadzins Ivars 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundInhalation is the main route of exposure to airborne pollutants. To evaluate the safety and assess the risks of occupational hazards different testing approaches are used. 3D airway epithelial tissues allow to mimic exposure conditions in vitro, generates human-relevant toxicology data, allows to elucidate mode of action of pollutants. ResultsGilian 3500 pumps equipped with Standard Midget Impingers were used to collect the airborne particulate from woodworking and metalworking environments. EpiAirway™ tissues were used to model half working day (4 h), full working day (8 h), and 3 working day exposures to occupational pollutants. Tissue viability was assessed using MTT assay. RT-qPCR analyses performed to analyze the expression of gelsolin, caspase-3, and IL-6. Tissue morphology was assessed by hematoxylin/eosin staining. Acute exposure to workspace pollutants slightly affected tissue viability and did not change the morphology. Both types of particles suppressed expression of gelsolin, with metalworking samples showing the most pronounced effect. A slight reduction in caspase-3 expression was observed. Particles from metalworking suppressed IL-6 expression. Conclusion3D Epithelial tissues can be used to model exposures to airborne pollutants. Exposure to particles from woodworking and metalworking had a minor effect on tissue viability but affected the expression of inflammation and apoptosis-related genes.
Fiscal Policy and Sustainability of Public Debt: The Nigerian Experience
Authors: IMOISI ANTHONY 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper examines the relationship between fiscal policy and public debt sustainability in Nigeria within a multivariate framework from 1970–2019. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test is employed to determine the long run relationship among the variables. The results of the ARDL test reveal that there is a long run relationship between the variables used in this study. Specifically, the result shows that budget deficit has a positive and significant impact on public debt both in the short run and long, while interest rate, real gross domestic product and inflation rate were statistically insignificant irrespective of the period and thus had no impact on public debt. Thus, it was recommended that the budgeting procedure at the federal and state levels in Nigeria need to reassessed to make sure that allocative efficiency is achieved in the budgeting system.
Enhancement of Breakdown Voltage in SOI MOSFET Using Buried p-Type Silicon
Authors: M Deivakani , M.G Sumithra , P Anitha , P Jenopaul , Gandhi Priyesh P. , venkatesan chandran , Cengiz Korhan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Semiconductor industry is still looking for the enhancement of breakdown voltage in Silicon on Insulator (SOI) Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET). Thus, in this paper, heavy n-type doping below the channel is proposed for SOI MOSFET. Simulation of SOI MOSFET is carried out using 2D TCAD physical simulator. In the conventional device, with no p-type doping is used at the bottom silicon layer. While, in proposed device, p-type doping of 1×1018 cm-3 is used. Physical models are used in the simulation to achieve realistic performance. The models are mobility model, impact ionization model and ohmic contact model. Using TCAD simulation, electron/hole current density, impact generation, recombination and breakdown phenomena are analyzed. It is found that the proposed with p-type doping of 1×1018 cm-3 for SOI MOSFET yields high breakdown voltage. In contrast to conventional device, 20% improvement in breakdown voltage is achieved for proposed device.
COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptability: A Cross-Sectional Mixed Methods Study in Sierra Leone
Authors: Sheku Mahmud , Clemens Ralf , Clemens Sue Ann Costa , Kangbai Jia Bainga , Kargbo Iynnah , Jusu Morison , Swaray Ibrahim Bob 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Global immunization is critical to combat the COVID-19 pandemic and the public's willingness to be vaccinated will determine the success of elimination efforts. We measured the acceptability of COVID-19 vaccine and views in Sierra Leone.
Results
Most survey respondents (80.1%, n = 1719) would accept COVID-19 vaccination for themselves and close family, but 19.9% (n = 427) would reject vaccination. If vaccination was mandatory the acceptance rate would increase to 85.0%, (n = 1,823), while 15.0% (n = 318) of responders would still reject. COVID-19 vaccine awareness was high among respondents (yes: 75.2% n = 1613, no: 24.8%, n = 533). Safety, immunity, and trust in vaccines were the main reasons for vaccine acceptance. Distrust, uncertainties about vaccine safety and effectiveness and lack of belief in the COVID-19 pandemic triggered through media reports were the main reasons for rejecting the COVID-19 vaccination. With respect to vaccine, a small majority would prefer a less reactogenic vaccine even at the cost of a lower efficacy over a more effective but more reactogenic vaccine (55.7%, n = 1195 vs 41.5%, n = 890) while 2.8% (n = 61) of respondents said they would reject any vaccine. Country of origin had an important role in vaccine acceptance: 32.4% (n = 1121) would accept a vaccine from any country if licensed locally, but 15.1% (n = 511) would reject vaccines even if licensed from China,12.6% (n = 437), India 11.4% (n = 393), USA 8.0% (n = 276), Germany 7.8% (n = 271), Russia 7.7% (n = 267), UK and 5.0% (n = 173) from Belgium.
Conclusion
Sensitizing the public about the COVID-19 infection risk, vaccine development processes and ensuring vaccine safety through continuous communication and community engagement, with community leaders leading by example as well as the independent role of regulatory authorities in safety and efficacy evaluation, would improve COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.
Ceramide From Sphingomyelin Hydrolysis Induces Neuronal Differentiation, Whereas De Novo Ceramide Synthesis And Sphingomyelin Hydrolysis Initiate Apoptosis After NGF Withdrawal In PC12 Cells
Authors: Kagan Terri , Stoyanova Gloria , Lockshin Richard A , Zakeri Zahra 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Ceramide, important for both neuronal differentiation and dedifferentiation, resides in several membranes, is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial, and nuclear membranes, and can be further processed into glycosphingolipids or sphingomyelin. Ceramide may also be generated by hydrolysis of sphingomyelin by neutral or acidic sphingomyelinases in lysosomes and other membranes. Here we asked whether the differing functions of ceramide derived from different origins. Methods: We added NGF to PC12 cells and to TrkA cells. These latter overexpress NGF receptors and are partially activated to differentiate, whereas NGF is required for PC12 cells to differentiate. We differentiated synthesis from hydrolysis by the use of appropriate inhibitors. Results: When NGF is added, the kinetics and amounts of ceramide and sphingomyelin indicate that the ceramide comes primarily from hydrolysis but, when hydrolysis is inhibited, can also come from neosynthesis. When NGF is removed, the ceramide comes from both neosynthesis and hydrolysis. Conclusion: We conclude that the function of ceramide depends heavily on its intracellular location, and that further understanding of its function will depend on resolving its location during changes of cell status.
Reopen Schools Safely: Simulating COVID-19 Transmission on Campus With a Contact Network Agent-based Model
Authors: Liao Chuyao , Chen Xiang , Zhuo Li , Liu Yuan , Tao Haiyan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: As phases of COVID-19 vaccination are quickly rolling out, how to evaluate the vaccination effects and then make safe reopening plans has become a prime concern for local governments and school officials.Methods: We develop a contact network agent-based model (CN-ABM) to simulate on-campus disease transmission scenarios at the micro-scale. The CN-ABM establishes a contact network for each agent based on their daily activity pattern, evaluates the agent's health status change in different activity environments, and then simulates the epidemic curve on campus. Based on the developed model, we identify how different community risk levels, teaching modalities, and vaccination rates would shape the epidemic curve. Results: The results show that in scenarios where vaccination is not available, restricting on-campus students to under 50% can largely flatten the epi curve (peak value < 2%); and the best result (peak value < 1%) can be achieved by limiting on-campus students to less than 25%. In scenarios where vaccination is available, it is suggested to maintain a maximum of 75% on-campus students and a vaccination rate of at least 45% to suppress the curve (peak value < 2%); and the best result (peak value < 1%) can be achieved at a vaccination rate of 65%. The study also derives the transmission chain of infectious agents, which can be used to identify high-risk activity environments. Conclusions: The developed CN-ABM model can be employed to evaluate the health outcome of COVID-19 outbreaks on campus based on different disease transmission scenarios. It can assist local government and school officials with developing proactive intervention strategies to safely reopen schools.
Osteoprotegerin Expression and Serum Values in Obese Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Rashad Nearmeen M. , El-Shal Amal S. , Shalaby Sally M , Sarhan Walaa M , Abdel-Nour Hanim M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Obesity and diabetes prevalence are increasing worldwide. We aimed by this work to detect the possible association of osteoprotegerin (OPG) gene expression with visceral adiposity indices and cardiometabolic risk factors among obese patients. This is research enrolled 150 controls and 150 obese cases subdivided into two subgroups non-diabetic (n = 70) and 80 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Circulating OPG expression levels were determined by RT-PCR. Serum OPG concentrations were assessed by ELISA.Our results explored that OPG serum levels were higher in the control group compared to obese women and obese diabetics had higher serum levels of OPG in comparison to obese non-diabetic patients. In obese group, regarding expression levels of OPG were higher than controls in diabetic obese patients, the blood expression levels of OPG were higher than non-diabetics patients. We found positive correlations between parameters of MetS and obesity indices, among them, the highest positive correlation found between VAI. After adjustment of the traditional risk factors, stepwise linear regression analysis test revealed that, OPG expression levels were independently correlated with HbA1c, HDL-cholesterol, and WHR. ROC analysis demonstrated that cutoff values of OPG expression levels and serum levels were 2.226 and 7.5; the AUC were 0.833 (95% CI = 0.821–0.946) and 0.981, respectively. Additionally, the sensitivities and the specificities of OPG expression were (90% and 86.2%), and OPG serum levels (98% and %94), respectively.OPG mRNA and serum levels are useful diagnostic biomarkers discriminate metabolic risk among obesity with or without T2DM.
Solar Energy Implementation At Household: Gaza Strip Case Study
Authors: El-Khozondar Hala J. , El-batta Fady 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Gaza Strip in Palestine is facing a major power deficiency problem due to local political situation. Thus, powering Gaza Strip without blockage whole day is a challenging task for decision maker. Lack of electrical power required inhabitants of Gaza Strip to implement solar energy systems to power their homes to replace or to complement the traditional sources of energy. To understand the success of solar system adoption at household in Gaza, authors built an electronic questionnaire. The dependent variable is chosen to be the adoption of energy and independent variables are environmental benefit, the cost of adoption of solar energy, and the market value of solar energy measured. The electronic questionnaire consists of two parts: part one consists of personal questions; second part is 22 items on a five- point Likert scale. The study sample consists of the 10% of the study population which are Al-Shifa Medical Complex employees (1819 employees). The electronic questionnaires are electronically circulated to the study sample. Then data is collected and analyzed using SPSS program. Results: The authors found that only 19.5% of the sample install solar energy systems on their houses. The results show that some factor including governorate in which employees are living, house ownership, total cost of energy/month, space to install the space to install the solar panels, and the desire to share the cost with neighbor unaffected the decision to use solar energy. Contrary, the type of house, knowledge of renewable energy impacted the decision. Conclusion: The adoption of solar energy in Gaza is limited. Type of house and knowledge of renewable energy are important to spread using of solar energy at houses in Gaza. Therefore, it is important to spread the knowledge of solar energy through universities by giving classes to all university students or by giving general lecture. To overcome the other two factors, the government should adopt the system and support the local inhabitants.
Identification of Potential Novel Pleiotropic Susceptibility Variants Common To Lumbar Spine Bone Mineral Density And Birth Weight
Authors: Song Yu-Qian , Hu Shi-Di , Lin Xu , Meng Xiang-He , Wang Xiao , Zhang Yin-Hua , Peng Cheng , Gong Rui , Xu Tao , Zhang Tong , Li Chen-Zhong , Pan Dao-Yan , Yang Jia-Yi , Greenbaum Jonathan , Shen Jie , Deng Hong-Wen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
An increasing number of epidemiological studies have suggested that birth weight (BW) may be a determinant of bone health later in life, although the underlying genetic mechanism remains unclear. Here, we applied a pleiotropic conditional false discovery rate (cFDR) approach to the genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for lumbar spine bone mineral density (LS BMD) and BW, aiming to identify novel susceptibility variants shared between these two traits. We detected 5 novel potential pleiotropic loci which are located at or near 7 different genes (NTAN1, PDXDC1, CACNA1G, JAG1, FAT1P1, CCDC170, ESR1), among which PDXDC1 and FAT1P1 have not previously been linked to these phenotypes. To partially validate the findings, we demonstrated that the expression of PDXDC1 was dramatically reduced in ovariectomized (OVX) mice in comparison with sham-operated (SHAM) mice in both the growth plate and trabecula bone. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry assay with serial sections showed that both osteoclasts and osteoblasts express PDXDC1, supporting its potential role in bone metabolism. In conclusion, our study provides insights into some shared genetic mechanisms for BMD and BW as well as a novel potential therapeutic target for the prevention of OP in the early stages of the disease development.
Guidelines For Reporting On Animal Faecal Transplantation (GRAFT) Studies: Recommendations From A Systematic Review of Murine Transplantation Protocols
Authors: Secombe Kate , Al-Qadami Ghanyah , Subramaniam Courtney , Bowen Joanne , Scott Jacqui , Sebille Ysabella Van , Snelson Matthew , Cowan Caitlin , Clarke Gerard , Gheorghe Cassandra , Cryan John , Wardill Hannah 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background/Objectives: Faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is a powerful tool used to connect changes in gut microbial composition with a variety of disease states and pathologies. While FMT enables potential causal relationships to be identified, the experimental details reported in preclinical FMT protocols are highly inconsistent and/or incomplete. This limitation reflects a current lack of authoritative guidance on reporting standards which would facilitate replication efforts and ultimately reproducible science. We therefore systematically reviewed all FMT protocols used in mouse models with the goal of formulating recommendations on the reporting of preclinical FMT protocols. Methods: Search strategies were applied across three databases (PubMed, EMBASE and Ovid Medline) until June 30, 2020. Data related to donor attributes, stool collection, processing/storage, recipient preparation, administration and quality control were extracted.Results: A total of 1753 papers were identified, with 241 identified for data extraction and analysis. Of the papers included, 92.5% reported a positive outcome with FMT intervention. However, the vast majority of studies failed to address core methodological aspects including the use of anaerobic conditions (91.7% of papers lacked information), storage (49.4%), homogenisation (33.6%), concentration (31.5%), volume (19.9%) and administration route (5.3%). To address these reporting limitations, we developed the Guidelines for Reporting Animal Faecal Transplant (GRAFT) that guide reporting standards for preclinical FMT. Conclusion: The GRAFT recommendations will enable robust reporting of preclinical FMT design, and facilitate high quality peer review, improving the rigour and translation of knowledge gained through preclinical FMT studies.
Triglyceride-Glucose Index Associated With the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: the Kailuan Study
Authors: LIU Qian , CUI Haozhe , MA Yihan , HAN Xu , CAO Zhiwei , wu Yuntao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) index, as a marker of insulin resistance, have been associated with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in older adults. Nevertheless, it is unclear to whether TyG index affects risk of CVD and the subtypes of CVD in general Chinese population. Methods: A total of 96541 participants who met the criteria were included from the Kailuan Study. The TyG index was calculated as ln (fasting triglyceride [mg/dL] × fasting glucose [mg/dL]/2). The study participants were divided into 4 groups (Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4) by quartiles of the TyG index. Incident of CVD events (myocardial infarction and stroke) during 2006-2017 were confirmed by review of medical records. The Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to assess the association TyG index with the risk of CVD and the subtypes of CVD by calculating the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).Results: During a median 10.33 years of follow-up, we documented 6421 CVD events including 1493 myocardial infarction events and 5083 stroke events. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that compared with the participants in Q1 group, HR (95% CI) for CVD events were for Q2 group 1.12 (95%, 1.03-1.21), Q3 groups 1.28 (95%, 1.18-1.38), and Q4 groups 1.34 (95%, 1.23-1.45). We conducted time-dependent TyG index found compared with Q1 group, HR (95% CI) for CVD events were for Q2 group 1.09(95%, 1.02-1.18), Q3 groups 1.17(95%, 1.09-1.27), and Q4 groups 1.20 (95%, 1.11-1.30). We found similar results in myocardial infarction and stroke.Conclusions: The TyG index is an independent risk factor for CVD. The TyG index may be useful identifying individuals at high risk of developing CVD at an early stage, it can contribution to prevent and control of CVD.
Heavy Metal Accumulation Affects the Structure of Microorganisms and Increases Abundance of Resistance Genes in Rare Earth Mining Areas
Authors: Chen Minjie , Jiang Xiaoru , Mi Zhansheng , Li Yafei , Wang Zhe , Xu Xin , Zheng Chunli 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Environmental pollution from rare earth mining areas is of great concern, but the impact on microbial ecology and genomics has received little attention. In this study, the relationship between heavy metals and soil microbial community in the northern rare earth mining area was explored.
Methods

In order to study the detoxification mechanisms of heavy metals by microorganisms in this typical rare earth mining area, the study area was divided into three parts (mining area, residential area and control area). Analysis of microbial community diversity, structure and functional abundance using high-throughput sequencing techniques. Analysis of the effect of heavy metal pollution on the abundance of heavy metal resistance genes in soils of different regions using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.
Results

The results showed that the heavy metal pollution rules: mining area > residential area > control area. Under the condition of long-term heavy metal pollution, the original microbial community composition was changed, and the species richness and evenness of soil in mining areas were higher than that in residential areas. The high-throughput sequencing analysis showed that existed metal-resistant microbial communities such as Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Korarchaeota and so on under the stress of heavy metal. High concentrations of heavy metals can inhibit the activities of catalase and sucrase. According to Tax4Fun function prediction analysis, heavy metal accumulation increased the ABC transporter protein in microbial function. The results of fluorescence quantification experiments also demonstrated that the abundance of heavy metal resistance genes, czcA, czcB, czcC and czcD, encoding ABC transporter proteins, increased with increasing heavy metal concentrations.
Conclusions

In conclusion, the accumulation of heavy metals not only changed the soil physicochemical properties and the microbial community structure, but also decreased soil enzyme activities and increased the abundance of resistance genes, which activated the detoxification mechanism of heavy metals. which provided a reference for future ecological remediation.