bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The macroscopic shape of assemblies formed from microparticles based on host–guest interaction dependent on the guest content
Authors: Itami Takahiro , Hashidzume Akihito , Kamon Yuri , Yamaguchi Hiroyasu , Harada Akira 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBiological macroscopic assemblies have inspired researchers to utilize molecular recognition to develop smart materials in these decades. Recently, macroscopic self-assemblies based on molecular recognition have been realized using millimeter-scale hydrogel pieces possessing molecular recognition moieties. During the study on macroscopic self-assembly based on molecular recognition, we noticed that the shape of assemblies might be dependent on the host–guest pair. In this study, we were thus motivated to study the macroscopic shape of assemblies formed through host–guest interaction. We modified crosslinked poly(sodium acrylate) microparticles, i.e., superabsorbent polymer (SAP) microparticles, with β-cyclodextrin (βCD) and adamantyl (Ad) residues (βCD(x)-SAP and Ad(y)-SAP microparticles, respectively, where x and y denote the mol% contents of βCD and Ad residues). Then, we studied the self-assembly behavior of βCD(x)-SAP and Ad(y)-SAP microparticles through the complexation of βCD with Ad residues. There was a threshold of the βCD content in βCD(x)-SAP microparticles for assembly formation between x = 22.3 and 26.7. On the other hand, the shape of assemblies was dependent on the Ad content, y; More elongated assemblies were formed at a higher y. This may be because, at a higher y, small clusters formed in an early stage can stick together even upon collisions at a single contact point to form elongated aggregates, whereas, at a smaller y, small clusters stick together only upon collisions at multiple contact points to give rather circular assemblies. On the basis of these observations, the shape of assembly formed from microparticles can be controlled by varying y.
Specific modulation of corticomuscular coherence during submaximal voluntary isometric, shortening and lengthening contractions
Authors: Glories Dorian , Soulhol Mathias , Amarantini David , Duclay Julien 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDuring voluntary contractions, corticomuscular coherence (CMC) is thought to reflect a mutual interaction between cortical and muscle oscillatory activities, respectively measured by electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG). However, it remains unclear whether CMC modulation would depend on the contribution of neural mechanisms acting at the spinal level. To this purpose, modulations of CMC were compared during submaximal isometric, shortening and lengthening contractions of the soleus (SOL) and the medial gastrocnemius (MG) with a concurrent analysis of changes in spinal excitability that may be reduced during lengthening contractions. Submaximal contractions intensity was set at 50% of the maximal SOL EMG activity. CMC was computed in the time–frequency domain between the Cz EEG electrode signal and the unrectified SOL or MG EMG signal. Spinal excitability was quantified through normalized Hoffmann (H) reflex amplitude. The results indicate that beta-band CMC and normalized H-reflex were significantly lower in SOL during lengthening compared with isometric contractions, but were similar in MG for all three muscle contraction types. Collectively, these results highlight an effect of contraction type on beta-band CMC, although it may differ between agonist synergist muscles. These novel findings also provide new evidence that beta-band CMC modulation may involve spinal regulatory mechanisms.
Global analysis of lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation in wheat root
Authors: Bo Feng , Shengdong Li , Zongshuai Wang , Fang Cao , Zheng Wang , Chunhua Gao , Geng Li , Ling’an Kong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation (Khib) is a novel naturally occurring post-translational modification. The system Khib identification at proteomics level has been performed in various species and tissues to characterize the role of Khib in biological activities. However, the study of Khib in plant species is relatively less. In the present study, the first plant root tissues lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylome analysis was performed in wheat with antibody immunoprecipitation affinity, high resolution mass spectrometry-based proteomics and bioinformatics analysis. In total, 6328 Khib sites in 2186 proteins were repeatedly identified in three replicates. These Khib proteins showed a wide subcellular location distribution. Function and pathways characterization of these Khib proteins indicated that many cellular functions and metabolism pathways were potentially affected by this modification. Protein and amino acid metabolism related process may be regulated by Khib, especially ribosome activities and proteins biosynthesis process. Carbohydrate metabolism and energy production related processes including glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation pathways were also affected by Khib modification. Besides, root sulfur assimilation and transformation related enzymes exhibited Khib modification. Our work illustrated the potential regulation role of Khib in wheat root physiology and biology, which could be used as a useful reference for Khib study in plant root.
The jet collimation profile at high resolution in BL Lacertae
Authors: Casadio C. , MacDonald N. R. , Boccardi B. , Jorstad S. G. , Marscher A. P. , Krichbaum T. P. , Hodgson J. A. , Kim J.-Y. , Traianou E. , Weaver Z. R. , Gómez Garrido M. , González García J. , Kallunki J. , Lindqvist M. , Sánchez S. , Yang J. , Zensus J. A. 
Published: March 2021

Context. Controversial studies on the jet collimation profile of BL Lacertae (BL Lac), the eponymous blazar of the BL Lac objects class, complicate the scenario in this already puzzling class of objects. Understanding the jet geometry in connection with the jet kinematics and the physical conditions in the surrounding medium is fundamental for better constraining the formation, acceleration, and collimation mechanisms in extragalactic jets.
Aims. With the aim of investigating the jet geometry in the innermost regions of the BL Lac jet, and resolving the controversy, we explore the radio jet in this source using high-resolution millimeter-wave VLBI data.
Methods. We collect 86 GHz GMVA and 43 GHz VLBA data to obtain stacked images that we use to infer the jet collimation profile by means of two comparable methods. We analyze the kinematics at 86 GHz, and we discuss it in the context of the jet expansion. Finally, we consider a possible implication of the Bondi sphere in shaping the jet of BL Lac.
Results. The jet in BL Lac expands with an overall conical geometry. A higher expanding rate region is observed between ∼5 and 10 pc (de-projected) from the black hole. Such a region is associated with the decrease in brightness usually observed in high-frequency VLBI images of BL Lac. The jet retrieves the original jet expansion around 17 pc, where the presence of a recollimation shock is supported by both the jet profile and the 15 GHz kinematics (MOJAVE survey). The change in the jet expansion profile occurring at ∼5 pc could be associated with a change in the external pressure at the location of the Bondi radius (∼3.3 × 105RS).
The double signature of local cosmic-ray acceleration in star-forming regions
Authors: Padovani Marco , Marcowith Alexandre , Galli Daniele , Hunt Leslie K. , Fontani Francesco 
Published: March 2021

Context.Recently, there has been an increased interest in the study of the generation of low-energy cosmic rays (< 1 TeV) in shocks situated on the surface of a protostar or along protostellar jets. These locally accelerated cosmic rays offer an attractive explanation for the high levels of non-thermal emission and ionisation rates observed close to these sources.Aims.The high ionisation rate observed in some protostellar sources is generally attributed to shock-generated UV photons. The aim of this article is to show that when synchrotron emission and a high ionisation rate are measured in the same spatial region, a locally shock-accelerated cosmic-ray flux is sufficient to explain both phenomena.Methods.We assume that relativistic protons and electrons are accelerated according to the first-order Fermi acceleration mechanism, and we calculate their emerging fluxes at the shock surface. These fluxes are used to compute the ionisation rate and the non-thermal emission at centimetre wavelengths. We then apply our model to the star-forming region OMC-2 FIR 3/FIR 4. Using a Bayesian analysis, we constrain the parameters of the model and estimate the spectral indices of the non-thermal radio emission, the intensity of the magnetic field, and its degree of turbulence.Results.We demonstrate that the local cosmic-ray acceleration model makes it possible to simultaneously explain the synchrotron emission along the HOPS 370 jet within the FIR 3 region and the ionisation rate observed near the FIR 4 protocluster. In particular, our model constrains the magnetic field strength (∼250−450 μG), its turbulent component (∼20−40 μG), and the jet velocity in the shock reference frame for the three non-thermal sources of the HOPS 370 jet (between 350 km s−1and 1000 km s−1).Conclusions.Beyond the modelling of the OMC-2 FIR 3/FIR 4 system, we show how the combination of continuum observations at centimetre wavelengths and molecular transitions is a powerful new tool for the analysis of star-forming regions: These two types of observations can be simultaneously interpreted by invoking only the presence of locally accelerated cosmic rays, without having to resort to shock-generated UV photons.
Post-exercise Heart Rate Variability: Whole-body
Cryotherapy vs. Contrast Water Therapy
Authors: Sautillet Benoît , Leprêtre Pierre Marie , Schmitt Laurent , Ahmaidi Said , Costalat Guillaume 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHigh-intensity training sessions are known to alter cardiac
autonomic modulation. The purpose of this study was to
compare the effects of whole-body cryotherapy, contrast
water therapy and passive recovery on the time course of
cardiac autonomic markers following a standardized HIT
session. Eleven runners completed a high intensity session
followed by one of the following recovery interventions:
whole-body cryotherapy, contrast water therapy or passive
recovery. Changes in cardiac autonomic modulation were
assessed in supine and standing positions during an active
tilt test at pre-, post-14 h and post-38 h. In supine,
high-frequency power increased from pre- to post-14 h
following whole-body cryotherapy (1661.1±914.5 vs.
2799.0±948.4 ms2, respectively; p=0.023) and
contrast water therapy (1906.1±1327.9 vs. 4174.3±2762.9
ms2, respectively; p=0.004) whereas high
frequency power decreased in response to passive recovery
(p=0.009). In standing, low-frequency power increased from
pre-to post-38 h (1784.3 ± 953.7 vs.
3339.8±1862.7 ms2, respectively; p=0.017)
leading to an increase in total power from pre- to post-38 h
(1990.8 ± 1089.4 vs. 3606.1±1992.0 ms2,
respectively; p=0.017). Spectral analysis revealed that
contrast water therapy appears to be a more efficient
recovery strategy than whole-body cryotherapy in restoring
cardiac autonomic homeostasis.
Deutschsprachige Terminologie der revidierten Atlanta-Klassifikation bei akuter Pankreatitis: Glossar basierend auf der aktuellen S3-Leitlinie zur akuten, chronischen und Autoimmunpankreatitis
Authors: Schreyer Andreas G. , Seidensticker Max , Mayerle Julia , Lerch Markus M. , Juchems Markus S. , Wessling Johannes , Ringe Kristina Imeen , Grenacher Lars 
Published: March 2021

Die im Jahr 1992 veröffentlichte Atlanta-Klassifikation zur Beurteilung von Schweregraden und Komplikationen der akuten Pankreatitis sollte ursprünglich eine einheitliche Terminologie für Kliniker und Forscher etablieren. Nach einer kontinuierlichen Weiterentwicklung wurde dann 2012 die revidierte Atlanta-Klassifikation publiziert, um die Aspekte der Bildgebung besser zu integrieren sowie Unschärfen in der Terminologie zu optimieren. Diese Begrifflichkeiten bezüglich der Krankheitseinteilung, -phasen, Schweregradbeurteilung und lokaler Komplikationen lagen bisher lediglich als englische Ausdrücke vor. Dies verhinderte eine weitere Verbreitung und Anwendung im klinischen Alltag im deutschsprachigen Raum. Um eine Anpassung in der deutschsprachigen Medizin zu erreichen, wurden die Termini der revidierten Atlanta-Klassifikation durch ein Expertenteam der Deutschen Röntgengesellschaft basierend auf aktueller Literatur übersetzt und im Rahmen der Konsensuskonferenz der neu erstellten S3-Leitlinie Pankreatitis im Februar 2020 mit einer Zustimmung von 97,3 % als Teil der Leitlinienempfehlung angenommen. Im folgenden Text mit Glossar werden die übersetzten und konsentierten Begrifflichkeiten anhand von Bildbeispielen erläutert.
Kernaussagen:
Disinfectants Used in Stomatology and SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Stawarz-Janeczek Magdalena , Kryczyk-Poprawa Agata , Muszyńska Bożena , Opoka Włodzimierz , Pytko-Polończyk Jolanta 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEffective disinfection is a basic procedure in medical facilities, including those conducting dental surgeries, where treatments for tissue discontinuity are also performed, as it is an important element of infection prevention. Disinfectants used in dentistry and dental and maxillofacial surgery include both inorganic (hydrogen peroxide, sodium chlorite-hypochlorite) and organic compounds (ethanol, isopropanol, peracetic acid, chlorhexidine, eugenol). Various mechanisms of action of disinfectants have been reported, which include destruction of the structure of bacterial and fungal cell membranes; damage of nucleic acids; denaturation of proteins, which in turn causes inhibition of enzyme activity; loss of cell membrane integrity; and decomposition of cell components. This article discusses the most important examples of substances used as disinfectants in dentistry and presents the mechanisms of their action with particular focus on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The search was conducted in ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Scopus databases. The interest of scientists in the use of disinfectants in dental practice is constantly growing, which results in the increasing number of publications on disinfection, sterilization, and asepsis. Many disinfectants often possess several of the abovementioned mechanisms of action. In addition, disinfectant preparations used in dental practice either contain one compound or are frequently a mixture of active compounds, which increases their range and effectiveness of antimicrobial action. Currently available information on disinfectants that can be used to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection in dental practices was summarized.
Electron-optical system for dual radial sheet beams for Ka-band cascaded angular log-periodic strip-line traveling wave tube
Authors: He Tenglong , Wang Shaomeng , Wang Zhanliang , Shao Wei , Xu Duo , Li Xinyi , Wang Hexin , Gong Huarong , Lu Zhigang , Duan Zhaoyun , Aditya Sheel , Gong Yubin 
Published: March 2021

A novel electron-optical system is proposed for dual azimuthally stacked radial sheet electron beams (ARSEBs). The two sheet beams are emitted from curved surfaces of two cathodes and are focused by a focusing electrode, which is carefully designed to produce a symmetric field distribution for the two beams and to avoid interference between the beams. A common tunable periodic cusped magnetic focusing system is also designed to focus the two ARSEBs. The dual sheet beams are used in a traveling wave tube (TWT) consisting of a cascade of two azimuthally supported angular log-periodic strip-line (ASALS) slow-wave structures (SWSs). The transmission efficiency in the presence of beam–wave interaction is 93%. The particle-in-cell simulation results show that for a beam voltage of 4400 V and a current of 0.39 A, the proposed cascaded TWT has a maximum gain of 32.5 dB at 35 GHz and a maximum output power of 180 W; this is a significant gain improvement over a TWT using a single ASALS SWS.
Patterns of conflict speech and young adult feminist identity construction on Tumblr
Authors: Cosper Caitlin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Interactions on social media platforms are becoming increasingly relevant from an identity construction
perspective. Conflict speech, in particular, is a form of interaction that is especially common in online spaces and constructs
identity through polarization, strengthening the in-group while excluding the out-group. The young adult feminist identity has
established a strong presence in online spaces, specifically the microblogging platform Tumblr. This study seeks to analyze the
role of conflict speech in young adult feminist identity construction through focusing on recontextualization of comments and
name-calling strategies. Within this analysis, it is possible to determine the importance of conflict speech as it strengthens the
collective feminist identity while allowing those in the in-group to exclude and dismiss conflictual comments stemming from those
in the out-group.
‘Slut I hate you’
Authors: Sagredos Christos , Nikolova Evelin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Adopting a Critical Discourse Analysis perspective, this paper seeks to explore the conflict emerging from the
ways YouTube users index, reaffirm or challenge gender ideologies by examining 2,304 YouTube comments posted in response to the
misogynistic Greek pop song Καριόλα σε μισώ ‘Slut I hate you’. Our textual analysis draws on the Discourse-Historical Approach, focusing on the lexicogrammatical choices and discursive strategies employed for the positive presentation of
the self and the negative presentation of the other. Our findings suggest that: (a) there is a dialectic relationship between the
gendered representations of the videoclip and the gender ideologies indexed by individual YouTube users; (b) the discursive negotiation
of gender ideologies in anonymous, asynchronous and polylogal discussions is a highly polarised and antagonistic discourse
activity, with most comments under the videoclip of the song falling under two broad categories, i.e. those sustaining and those
challenging gendered aggression and patriarchal discourses; (c) although both groups resort to common discursive strategies (e.g.
nomination and predication strategies that legitimise the authority of the in-group and delegitimise the out-group), they differ
significantly in their argumentation and intensification/mitigation strategies, which allows commenters to take sides in a polarised
debate and index their gender ideologies; (d) due to the pervasive power of dominant ideologies across all levels of context, the
democratic and subversive potential of conflict on YouTube is limited but not pointless as counter-discourses may still gain
visibility.
Shape reconstruction in linear elasticity: standard and linearized monotonicity method
Authors: Eberle Sarah , Harrach Bastian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we deal with the inverse problem of the shape reconstruction of inclusions in elastic bodies. The main idea of this reconstruction is based on the monotonicity property of the Neumann-to-Dirichlet operator presented in a former article of the authors. Thus, we introduce the so-called standard as well as linearized monotonicity tests in order to detect and reconstruct inclusions. In addition, we compare these methods with each other and present several numerical test examples.
Reflection and refraction of an electron spin at the junction between two quasi-two-dimensional regions with and without spin-orbit interaction
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Supriyo , Cahay Marc , Ludwick Jonathan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We derive the reflection and refraction laws for an electron spin incident from a quasi-two-dimensional medium with no spin–orbit interaction on another with both Rashba and Dresselhaus spin–orbit interaction using only energy conservation. We obtain the well-known result that for an incident angle, there can be generally two different refraction angles for refraction into the two spin eigenstates in the refraction medium, resulting in two different ‘spin refractive indices’ and two critical angles for total internal reflection. We derive expressions for the spin refractive indices, which are not constant for a given medium but depend on the incident electron’s energy. If the effective mass of an electron in the refraction medium is larger than that in the incidence medium, then we show that for some incident electron energies and potential barrier at the interface, the spin refractive index of the incidence medium can lie between the two spin refractive indices of the refraction medium, resulting in only one critical angle. In that case, if the incident angle exceeds that critical angle, then refraction can occur into only one spin eigenstate in the refraction medium. If the system is engineered to make this happen, then it will be possible to obtain a very high degree of spin-polarized injection into the refraction medium. The amplitudes of reflection of the incident spin into its own spin eigenstate and the orthogonal spin eigenstate (due to spin flip at the interface), as well as the refraction amplitudes into the two spin eigenstates in the refraction medium are derived for an incident electron (with arbitrary spin polarization and incident energy) as a function of the angle of incidence.
Features of 3D magneto-convective nonlinear radiative Williamson nanofluid flow with activation energy, multiple slips and Hall effect
Authors: Nandi Susmay , Kumbhakar Bidyasagar , Shanker Seth Gauri , J Chamkha Ali 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this article, the impacts of Hall current and Arrhenius activation energy on three-dimensional hydromagnetic Williamson nanofluid flow past a slendering stretching sheet in the presence of multiple slips, viscous dissipation, Joule heating and binary chemical reaction is analyzed. The presence of nonlinear thermal radiation and nonlinear mixed convection is also taken into consideration. The dimensional governing equations are transformed into non-dimensional ordinary differential equations by using some suitable similarity transformation. The resulting coupled and highly nonlinear boundary value problem is then solved numerically by shooting technique based on Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method. The behaviors of concentration, temperature and velocity distributions w.r.t. the various controlling parameters are illustrated graphically. However, the numerical values of local skin-friction coefficients, local heat and mass transfer rates are explained and presented in tabular form. Furthermore, a result validation is performed to check the accuracy and correctness of the obtained results by comparing the results with previously published results for some limited case of the present problem and an excellent agreement is found between the results.
Natural inflation with a nonminimal coupling to gravity
Authors: Reyimuaji Yakefu , Zhang Xinyi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Although natural inflation is a theoretically well-motivated model for cosmic inflation, it is in tension with recent Planck cosmic microwave background anisotropy measurements. We present a way to alleviate this tension by considering a very weak nonminimal coupling of the inflaton field to gravity in both contexts of metric and Palatini formulations of general relativity. We start our discussions with a generic form of the inflaton coupling to the Ricci scalar, then focus on a simple form to do phenomenological study. Our results show that such an extension can bring natural inflation's predictions to a good agreement with the Planck data. Depending on values of the coupling constant ξ and the symmetry breaking scale f, we find that with |ξ|∼ 10-3 and f≳ 2.0 Mpl predictions of the model stay inside 68% CL allowed region until f increases up to 7.7 Mpl, then only inside 95% CL region after f exceeds the latter value. The predictions from the metric and the Palatini theories are very similar due to the simple form of the coupling function we use and the small magnitude of the coupling ξ. Successful reheating can also be realized in this model.