bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical Characterization and in Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Honey from Different Localities of Côte D’ivoire
Authors: Mida Kabran Guy Roger , Apollinaire Yeboue Koffi , Flavie Adopo Sopie Sheilla , Akhanovna Mamyrbékova-Békro Janat , Yves-Alain Békro 
Published: July 2021

Aims: Although the honey produced in Côte d'Ivoire is widely used in households, there is no technical sheet mentioning its chemical composition. Thus, the present study aimed to fill this gap while studying the chemical composition and antioxidant power of eleven honey samples from nine localities in Côte d'Ivoire.
Methodology: The identification of secondary metabolites in the different honey samples was carried out by TLC and by color reaction tests. The quantification of these was performed by spectrophotometry. The antioxidant power of the honey samples was studied by DPPH and FRAP methods.
Results: All honey samples contains secondary metabolites from various families, with varying contents of total phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Overall, the honey samples showed a notable antioxidant profile, making them good free radical scavengers. The relationship established between the different variables analyzed showed in some cases positive and significant correlations.
Conclusion: The results of this study show that the honey produced in Côte d'Ivoire is of good quality. Therefore, its recurrent consumption could contribute to fighting certain pathologies caused by oxidative stress.
Health, Nutrition and Treatment Compliance of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) at the Liberian Government Hospital in Buchanan, Grand Bassa County, Liberia
Authors: Nessian Arthureen Tina , Africa Leila S. , Agne Jaidee P. , Montecillo Kristine V. 
Published: July 2021

Aims: To assess the nutritional and health status, and compliance with treatment and health services of adult people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) attending Liberian Government Hospital (LGH).
Study Design: Cross-sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: LGH, Buchanan, Grand Bassa County, 2018
Methodology: The survey was conducted among 90 adults PLWHA.
Results: The majority had acute HIV infection, and tuberculosis and herpes zoster were the most contracted opportunistic infections. Although the majority had normal nutritional status, malnutrition was still observed especially among the women. Most had poor diet diversity and claimed to have faced challenges, mainly monetary concerns, while some experienced other traumatic events. A few also showed indications of self-harm. Moreover, they generally have a good health condition and medication adherence and demonstrated substantial knowledge about the disease and its treatment. Compliance was found to be associated with the health status of the participants, but not with their nutrition status, socio-economic and other characteristics.
Conclusion: The results provide an insight into the nutritional status and compliance of the adult PLWHA in Liberia. It is hoped that this study would be useful in crafting and enhancing existing intervention programs and policies promoting the better quality of life of adult PLWHA in the country.
Seedling Growth of Tectona grandis using Different Potting Mixture
Authors: Omokhua G. E. , Fredrick C. , Okakpu C. N. 
Published: July 2021

Aims: This study evaluated the influence of 11 potting media compositions on seedling growth and development of Tectona grandis.
Study Design: The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design involving ten replicates.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management Nursery, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, between April 2019 and April 2020.
Methodology: Ten (10) seedlings per sowing media including topsoil, topsoil and cow dung (2:1, 3:1), topsoil and poultry dung (2:1, 3:1), topsoil and pig dung (2.1, 3:1), topsoil and sawdust (2.1, 3:1), topsoil and mushroom substrate (2.1, 3:1) were selected and transplanted into polybags. Growth parameters (seedling height, root collar diameter, leaf number and biomass (shoot dry weight (SDW), root dry weight (RDW) and total dry weight (TDW)) were determined and subjected to analysis of variance.
Results: Seedlings of T. grandis displayed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in height, root collar diameter, leaf number and biomass. Among treatments, tallest seedlings were observed in mixture of topsoil and poultry dung (3:1), at months 1 to 3 and in mixture of topsoil and cow dung (3:1) at months 4 and 5, highest root collar diameter was observed in mixture of topsoil and poultry dung (3:1) and highest leaf number was recorded in mixture of topsoil and poultry dung (2:1 and 3:1) and topsoil and cow dung (2:1 and 3:1) at months 1 to 5. The highest SDW was evident in mixture of topsoil and poultry dung (2:1) while highest RDW and TDW were observed in mixture of topsoil and cow dung (3:1). Lowest height, diameter, leaf number and biomass were recorded in topsoil (control) at months 1 to 5.
Conclusion: The results revealed that among the tested mixtures, topsoil and poultry dung and topsoil and cow dung mixtures were the best for seedlings growth of T. grandis.
Numerical Approximations of ODEs Initial Value Problem; A Case Study of Gluconic Acid Fermentation by Pseudomonas ovalis
Authors: Ihoeghian N. A. , John B. O. 
Published: July 2021

Across different sections of life, physical and chemical sciences, differential equations which could be ordinary differential equations (ODEs) or partial differential equations (PDEs) are used to model the various systems as observed. Some types of ODEs, and a few PDEs are solvable by analytical methods with much difficulties. However, the great majority of ODEs, especially the non-linear ones and those that involve large sets of simultaneous differential equations, do not have analytical solutions but require the application of numerical techniques. This work focused on exemplifying numerical approximations (Adams-Bashforth-Moulton, Bogacki-Shampine, Euler) of ODEs Initial value Problem in its simplest approach using a case study of gluconic acid frementation by Psuedonomas Ovalis. The performance of the methods was checked by comparing their accuracy. The accuracy was detrermined by the size of the discretization error estimated from the difference between analytical solution and numerical approximations. The results obtained are in good agreement with the exact solution. This work affirms that numerical methods give approximate solutions with less rigorous work and time as there is room for flexibility in terms of using different step sizes with the Euler solver as most accurate.
The Influences of three Intraoperative Ventilatory Strategies on Arterial Oxygenation in Morbid Obese Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Shaban Shaimaa E. , Salama Reda S. , Elyazed Mohamed M. Abu , Dowidar Abdelraheem M. 
Published: July 2021

Background: Maintaining satisfactory ventilation for obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery frequently poses a challenge for anesthetists. The optimal ventilation strategy during pneumoperitoneum remains obscure in obese patients. In this study, we investigated the effect of conventional ventilation, inverse ratio ventilation (IRV) and alveolar recruitment maneuver (RM) on arterial oxygenation, lung mechanics and hemodynamics in morbid obese patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery.
Methods: 105 adult obese patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic bariatric surgery were randomly allocated into three groups: Conventional ratio ventilation (I:E ratio was 1:2, PEEP 5 cmH2O and no RM), Inverse Ratio Group (IRVG) (I:E ratio was 2:1 and PEEP 5 cmH2O and No RM ) and Recruitment Maneuver Group (RMG) ( RM was done and I:E ratio was 1:2). Arterial blood gases and respiratory mechanics were recorded after induction of anesthesia (T1), 5 minutes (T2), 30 minutes (T3), 60 minutes (T4) after the beginning of pneumoperitoneum and at the end of the surgery (T5). Cardiac output was recorded at (T1), (T2), (T3) and (T5).
Results: At T3, T4 and T5, arterial oxygen tension was higher in RMG than IRVG than CG (P ˂ 0.05). At T3, T4 and T5, the mean airway pressure and dynamic compliance (Cdyn) were significantly higher in IRVG and RMG compared with CG (P ˂ 0.05) while at those times, the mean air way pressure and Cdyn in IRVG and RMG were comparable. Cardiac output result were comparable between all groups throughout the study period (P ˃ 0.05).
Conclusions: RM and IRV had provided better arterial oxygenation and respiratory mechanics compared to conventional ventilation in morbid obese patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery. However, RM had better gas exchange than IRV.
Comparative Study on the effect of Varicocelectomy on Infertile Patients with Normal and Low Serum Testosterone Level
Authors: Sherif Mohammed Saad Mohammed , Hagras Ayman Mohammed , Radwan Mohammed Hassan , Khalwash Mohammed Abo El-enen 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Varicocele is a dilation of the pampiniform venous plexus and the internal Spermatic vein. It is detected approximately in 15% to 20 % of the general male Population; with the prevalence increasing to 40% in infertile men.
Methodology: This prospective, comparative study was conducted on 134 male patients with primary infertility who attended the outpatient clinic of Urology Department, Tanta University Hospital during the period between April 2017 to April 2019. The patients were divided into two groups: Group A (56 patients) with low testosterone level. Group B (78 patients) with normal testosterone level.
Results: In group A, the mean ± SD of testosterone level improved significantly to 2.93 ± 0.77 and 3.36 ± 0.86 after 3 and 6 months respectively (p1-value=0.001* and p2-value=0.001* respectively). In group B, the mean ± SD of testosterone level improved significantly to 6.22 ± 1.51 and 6.82 ± 2.25 after 3 and 6 months respectively (p1-value=0.026* and p2-value=0.001* respectively).
Conclusion: varicocelectomy could improve semen parameters, serum testosterone level and pregnancy rate.
Ethnobotanical Survey and Evaluation of Anti-Salmonella Potentials of Commonly Used Plants for Typhoid Treatment in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Olaniyi Temitope Deborah, , Awodugba Tamilore Modupe , Adetutu Adewale, 
Published: July 2021

This study assessed the sensitivity of S. typhi to extracts of commonly used plants in treatment of typhoid in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. Ethnobotanical survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire. Powdered leaves of plants were extracted by maceration in distilled water. In vitro sensitivity of S. typhi to the extracts were assessed using agar well diffusion method. Groups of rats were infected orally with 0.5 McFarland suspension of S. typhi. Bacteremia in the animals was monitored by plating on Salmonella-Shigellar agar. Biochemical parameters were determined spectrophotometrically. Histological analysis was performed using H&E staining method. S. typhi was sensitive only to P. guajava and A. indica leaf extracts. V. amygladina (90.31%) and C. papaya (92.26%) showed highest percentage inhibition of S. typhi comparable with ciprofloxacin (99.86%). Haematological parameters varied significantly (p<0.05) among the groups. Antioxidant status of rats, total protein, albumin and the corresponding globulin level increased significantly (p<0.05) in the groups treated with P. guajava and A. indica. C. papaya and C. citratus ameliorated the histopathological damages observed in the liver and intestine of S. typhi infected rats. The studied plants have direct activities against S. typhi, thus reflecting the reason for their combination in traditional system of medicine.
Assessment of Perception of Palliative Care among the Patients of Palliative Therapy
Authors: Khan Saba , Dhande Nikhil 
Published: July 2021

Background: The assessment of the good health and well-being of palliative care patients is summarised in this protocol analysis. It will bring about the financial and physical wellbeing of patients. The standard of life of patients and their families has been reviewed.
Methods: It is a cross-sectional analysis involving selected villages in the Wardha district. A sample of 95 participants will be taken from Wardha Palliative Care. Patients will be randomly allocated to the survey by the Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College of Wardha District Department of Community Medicine. A pre-designed multidimensional survey questionnaire will be prepared and pre-tested for quantitative data collection . The pro forma used to gather the data will include their current disease and disease management and will integrate the psychosocial and moral elements of hospital care. The motive of this research is to understand the interpretation of palliative care in the lives of affected patients. The goal of this study is to know the conception of a compromised patient living.
Results: Using descriptive and inferential statistics using the chi-square test, the result will be obtained by attributing the baseline and terminal consequences.
Conclusion: The purpose of this research is to define the predictive, mediating and moderating functions of select variables: self-efficacy, disease, psychosocial, spiritual caregiver. The findings of this study will influence the interpretation of the resilience of patients with palliative care and will enhance functional outcomes for emotional, mental and spiritual health. This change in attitude would be beneficial to them in their lives. And the patient's quality of life will improve.
A Novel Severity Scoring Derived from Chest Radiographic Findings in COVID 19 Patients Admitted to a COVID Care University Hospital in India
Authors: Patil Abhijit Mahavir , Bhakare Meenakshi , Salvi Sundeep 
Published: July 2021

Coronavirus (COVID 19) disease predominantly affects the Respiratory system and cause by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV2). It enters into the host cells via angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), a part of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) found in the epithelium of the nasal, lungs.
Aim: Chest Radiographic findings in COVID-19 patients detected for COVID care. Applying the novel chest radiographic scoring in disease-spread patients is admitted to the COVID care center and its correlation with blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) and clinical severity.
Objective: 1) To apply the novel chest radiographic scoring in patients of COVID 19 infection are admitted to our Covid Care Centre and
2) To apply its correlation with blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) and clinical severity.
Results: 1) We found a moderate negative correlation between the chest radiographic score and SpO2. 2) Weak positive correlation between Clinical grading and CxR score.
Conclusion: Chest radiographic score taking into account the nature of opacities and extent is useful in classifying the patients into mild-moderate, severe, and critical grades. Take-home Message: A chest radiograph can be used as a baseline radiological investigation in COVID 19 patients as it can help to triage them according to the severity and treat them accordingly.
Glutathione-S-Transferase Pi and Malondialdehyde in Alcoholic Patients Attending Smhrc and Avbrh Hospital
Authors: Ambad Ranjit S. , Nagtilak Suryakant , Bhadarge Gangaram , Kaple Meghali 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Alcohol abuse is a global health problem. The liver maintains high muscle damage by over drinking because it is a major source of ethanol metabolism. Among substance abusers, about 35 % develop advanced liver disease because the number of viral mutations increases, slows down, or inhibits the progression of liver disease. Glutathione-S-transferase is a family of Phase II enzyme-releasing toxins that cause the synthesis of glutathione in a variety of chronic and external electrophilic types. GSTs are divided into two very different family members: family members bound by microsomal membrane and cytosolic.
Aim: To study the Glutathione S Transferase π and Malondialdehyde in Alcoholic Patients.
Materials and Methods: Present study comprises 100 Subjects were included in the study and distributed in two groups. Patients from group one was alcoholic patients, enrolled from medicine ward and 50 non-alcoholic healthy individuals from group two were from non-alcoholic population as well as medicine ward.
Results: Rise of GGT, AST and ALT in Alcoholic patients (54.54 ± 3.72, 19.21 ± 0.68 and 24.32 ± 1.27 respectively) as compare to healthy individuals (24.40 ± 3.16, 10.36±0.35 and 17.06±0.84 respectively). The level of GST-π was decreased in alcoholic patients (62.44±26.30) as compare to control group (83.26±32.71). Similarly, the level of MDA was raised in alcoholic patients (5.36 ± 0.51) as compare to healthy individuals (4.73 ± 0.21).
Conclusion: Present study suggests that it would be vital to contain SGOT, SGPT, GGT, MDA and GST-π calculation in the prognostic assessment of alcoholic patients.
Case Study on Post-Discharge Persistence or Reappearance of Respiratory Symptoms in COVID-19 Hypoxia Patients
Authors: Kharche Jayshree , Khismatrao Deepak S. , Patil Reshma , Nikalje Rajkumar 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: News published about persistence or reappearance of symptoms in Covid 19 is worrisome. However, only one study from Italy is observed in this reference.
Aim: the current study is conducted to study persistence or reappearance of especially respiratory symptoms amongst COVID 19 hypoxia patients.
Study Design: Post-discharge follow-up, observational study with the telephonic interview of Covid 19 hypoxia patients from a dedicated Covid 19 hospital in India.
Methods: Sixty-two patients were interviewed 1 – 3 months post-discharge to elicit history on persistence or reappearance of respiratory symptoms.
Results: out of the results many patients doesnot show any symptoms compared to female, male are more prone to respiratory problems. Thus, the oxygen therapy showed proof that males are more prone to illness and depict the symptoms compared to females.
Conclusion: A large multi-centric year-long study is recommended to further conclude on the natural history of the disease.
Study on Serum Zinc Levels and Vitamin a Levels in Tuberculosis Patients
Authors: Bhadarge Gangaram , Bankar Nandkishor , Singh Sudhir 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Tuberculosis, an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), is also a major cause of death in humans around the world. According to a World Health Organization (WHO) survey, MTB infects one-third of the world's population, with 9.6 million new tuberculosis (TB) infections and 1.5 million deaths confirmed this in 2021
Aim: study of serum zinc levels and vitamin a levels in tuberculosis patients.
Materials and Methods: This study included 40 newly diagnosed PTB patients of both sex with the age group of 18-60.Time period of this study was from September 2020 to Арril 2021 а nоn-rаndоmised соntrоlled trial was involved.
Result: There was a strong correlation between serum zinc and vitamin A levels P < 0.01) Hb, P < 0.01) and serum albumin levels P < 0.01) were also strongly correlated with the vitamin A levels; however, WBC P < 0.01) and ESR P < 0.01) were negatively correlated with the vitamin A levels.
Conclusion: In view of the above, the patient's nutritional status may be the most important determinant of infection tolerance. Zinc deficiency can have an indirect impact on Vitamin A metabolism by reducing the levels of circulating protein. Because of this, the addition of zinc in combination with vitamin A may be helpful in achieving the disease status.
Antibiotic Prescribing Practices in Primary Care Settings Using 2019 WHO AWaRe Framework
Authors: Pasupulati Haritha , Avadhanula Vishal , Mamilla Amit , Bamini Mahadev , Padi Satyanarayana S. V. 
Published: July 2021

Background: Bacteria have ability to rapidly evolve, develop strategies to resist antibiotics, and reduce the effectiveness of antibiotics. The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance is an important global public health challenge to tackle. Studying antibiotic prescribing practices would allow rational use and preserve effectiveness of antibiotics.
Objective: To study prescribing practices of antibiotics in out-patients in primary care settings using the WHO AWaRe framework.
Methodology: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate prescribing practices of antibiotics in the primary care facility of three private hospitals using the WHO ‘core prescribing indicators’ and Access, Watch, and Reserve (AWaRe) classification. A systematic sampling technique was employed to collect the prescriptions at each hospital for three months. Descriptive statistics were applied to the collected data.
Results: A total of 2685 prescriptions were systematically evaluated. 1280 encounters had at least one antibiotic (47.7%), of which 1041 consist of only one antibiotic (81.5%). Among 1280 antibiotic encounters, the average number of antibiotics per encounter was 1.2 and 14.6% were prescribed with a parenteral antibiotic. 26.6% and 78.6% antibiotics were prescribed using generic names and from the WHO Essential Medicines List, respectively. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ceftriaxone, azithromycin, cefoperazone, and amoxicillin were the five most commonly prescribed antibiotics. According to the WHO AWaRe classification, a total of 27 specific antibiotics (Access 11, Watch 14, and Reserve 2) were prescribed. 38.4%, 53.7%, 0.3%, and 10.5% of antibiotics prescribed were from the ‘Access’, ‘Watch’, ‘Reserve’, and ‘Not Recommended’ categories, respectively. Third generation cephalosporins (24.0%) were prescribed in high rate among ‘Watch’ category. The most commonly prescribed ‘Access’ and ‘Watch’ antibiotics were amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (12.5%) and ceftriaxone (10.6%), respectively. Amoxicillin index was 19.5% and ‘Access-to-Watch’ index was 0.76, which were below the priority values.
Conclusion: Except few indicators, still better prescribing practices of antibiotics are needed to fully meet the WHO recommendations. Antibiotic prescribing guidelines as per the WHO AWaRe framework, changes in prescription patterns and preference of “Access” over ‘Watch’ antibiotics are crucial to preserve effectiveness and promote rational use of antibiotics.
Applicability of State Responsibility for Health Emergencies and the Unique Situation of China amid SARS-COV-2
Authors: Arya Sujata , Deb Srijoy , Thakur Virendra Singh 
Published: July 2021

This article aims to understand the limitations in enforcing state responsibility on a state of Origin for Trans boundary harm caused by a health emergency by analyzing the factors of force majeure, multiparty involvement, and inability to provide reparations, and the unclear source of the virus as the chief hindrances in prosecuting such states. The authors further explore the various conditions that triggered other PHEICs in history and the consequences and actions taken due to the trans-boundary harm caused. Furthermore, the article also studies the conditions that gave rise to the wet markets and traces the shortcomings in law that hurt the Origin of the virus. After that, the article studies how countries have failed to invoke the state responsibility of trans-boundary harm caused by a PHEIC. Lastly, the article further delves into how Chinese authorities blame both pre and post-outbreak and examine how the global community can negotiate with China for adequate compensation.