bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coupled Atmosphere–Ocean Reconstruction of the Last Millennium Using Online Data Assimilation
Authors: Perkins W. A. , Hakim G. J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe use online data assimilation to combine information from a linear inverse model of coupled atmosphere‐ocean dynamics with proxy records to create a new annual‐resolution reconstruction of atmosphere and ocean fields over the last millennium. Instrumental validation of reconstructed sea‐surface temperature and 0–700 m ocean heat content shows broad regions of positive spatial correlations, and high correlations (∼0.6–0.9) for global averages and indices of large‐scale modes of atmospheric variability. Compared to previous reconstructions, the online reconstructions show global and hemispheric averages with little‐to‐no millennial‐scale trend and global‐mean temperatures ∼0.25–0.5 K cooler during early periods (1000–1400 C.E.). The spatial anomaly differences of average temperature between an early (1000–1250 C.E.) and later (1400–1700 C.E.) period show warm anomalies over high‐latitude Europe and cool tropical conditions in partial agreement with previous assessments. The addition of online data assimilation, which provides dynamical memory to climate proxy information, is shown to be crucial for adequately characterizing decadal‐to‐centennial‐scale variability of 0–700 m ocean heat content. Furthermore, the climate forecasts provide model‐based physical constraints for atmosphere–ocean interaction, which become increasingly important during early periods when less proxy information is available for assimilation.
The Impact of Solar Activity on Forecasting the Upper Atmosphere via Assimilation of Electron Density Data
Authors: Kodikara Timothy , Zhang Kefei , Pedatella Nicholas Michael , Borries Claudia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study presents a comprehensive comparison of the impact of solar activity on forecasting the upper atmosphere through assimilation of radio occultation (RO)‐derived electron density (Ne) into a physics‐based model (TIE‐GCM) using an ensemble Kalman filter (KF). Globally abundant RO‐derived Ne offers one of the most promising means to test the effect of assimilation on the model forecasted state on a global scale. This study emphasizes the importance of understanding how the assimilation results vary with solar activity, which is one of the main drivers of thermosphere‐ionosphere dynamics. This study validates the forecast states with independent RO‐derived GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment mission) Ne data. The principal result of the study is that the agreement between forecast Ne and data is better during solar minimum than solar maximum. The results also show that the agreement between data and forecast is mostly better than that of the standalone TIE‐GCM driven with observed geophysical indices. The results emphasize that TIE‐GCM significantly underestimate Ne in altitudes below 250 km and the assimilation of Ne is not as effective in these lower altitudes as it is in higher altitudes. The results demonstrate that assimilation of Ne significantly impacts the neutral mass density estimates via the KF state vector—the impact is larger during solar maximum than solar minimum relative to a control case that does not assimilate Ne. The results are useful to explain the inherent model bias, to understand the limitations of the data, and to demonstrate the capability of the assimilation technique.
A New Approach to Three‐Dimensional Flow in a Pumped Confined Aquifer Connected to a Shallow Stream: Near‐Stream and Far‐From‐Stream Groundwater Extractions
Authors: Xiong Manling , Tong Chenchen , Huang Ching‐Sheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractExisting analytical models, which have assumed a fully penetrating stream (FPS), give significant error in predicting stream depletion/filtration rate (SDR) for the typical case of a partially penetrating stream. In addition, existing source terms, embedded in flow equations for stream treatment, neglect the effect of small‐scale streambed storage. This study develops two new models for describing three‐dimensional (3D) flow in a pumped confined aquifer connected to a stream with shallow penetration. One model treats a finite‐width stream as a modified source term reflecting the streambed storage effect for the case of near‐stream groundwater extraction. The finite element solution of the model is built. The other model considers a rectilinear stream as a source term neglecting the streambed storage effect for the case of far‐from‐stream groundwater extraction. The semi‐analytical solution of the model is derived by the Laplace transform and Fourier transform. The time‐domain approximate solution for SDR is also derived. Results suggest the modified source term serves as a convenient and efficient alternative to existing stream treatments in incorporating the streambed storage effect and achieving both accurate solution prediction and coarse aquifer discretization. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates the response of SDR more sensitive to the change in vertical aquifer hydraulic conductivity than that in horizontal one due to shallow penetration of stream. A shallow stream can be regarded as a FPS in predicting SDR under three quantitative conditions. As concluded, this study provides hydrologists with a better understanding of SDR behavior subject to 3D flow in typical stream‐aquifer system.
Letter of Appreciation to Our 2020 Reviewers in the Time of COVID‐19
Authors: Xenopoulos Marguerite A. , Goñi Miguel , Desai Ankur , Huntzinger Deborah 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe editorial team at JGR: Biogeosciences would like to extend thanks to the 2020 reviewers who offered their time and expertize to help us make decisions on and improve papers.
Bioprospecting of the agaricomycete Ganoderma australe GPC191 as novel source for l-asparaginase production
Authors: Chakraborty Meghna , Shivakumar Srividya 
Published: March 2021

Abstractl-Asparaginase is a therapeutically and industrially-competent enzyme, acting predominantly as an anti-neoplastic and anti-cancerous agent. The existing formulations of prokaryotic l-asparaginase are often toxic and contain l-glutaminase and urease residues, thereby increasing the purification steps. Production of l-glutaminase and urease free l-asparaginase is thus desired. In this research, bioprospecting of isolates from the less explored class Agaricomycetes was undertaken for l-asparaginase production. Plate assay (using phenol red and bromothymol blue dyes) was performed followed by estimation of l-asparaginase, l-glutaminase and urease activities by Nesslerization reaction for all the isolates. The isolate displaying the desired enzyme production was subjected to morphological, molecular identification, and phylogenetic analysis with statistical validation using Jukes-Cantor by Neighbour-joining tree of Maximum Likelihood statistical method. Among the isolates, Ganoderma australe GPC191 with significantly high zone index value (5.581 ± 0.045 at 120 h) and enzyme activity (1.57 ± 0.006 U/mL), devoid of l-glutaminase and urease activity was selected. The present study for the first-time reported G. australe as the potential source of l-glutaminase and urease-free l-asparaginase and also is one of the few studies contributing to the literature of G. australe in India. Hence, it can be postulated that it may find its future application in pharmaceutical and food industries.
Fish associations with shallow water subsea pipelines compared to surrounding reef and soft sediment habitats
Authors: Schramm Karl D. , Marnane Michael J. , Elsdon Travis S. , Jones Christopher M. , Saunders Benjamin J. , Newman Stephen J. , Harvey Euan S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOffshore decommissioning activities are expected to increase as oil and gas subsea infrastructure becomes obsolete. Decisions on decommissioning alternatives will benefit from quantifying and understanding the marine communities associated with these structures. As a case study, fish assemblages associated with an inshore network of subsea pipelines located on the North West shelf of Western Australia were compared to those in surrounding natural reef and soft sediment habitats using remotely operated vehicles fitted with a stereo-video system (stereo-ROVs). The number of species, the abundance, biomass, feeding guild composition and the economic value of fishes were compared among habitats. The community composition of fish associated with pipelines was distinct from those associated with natural habitats, and was characterised by a greater abundance and/or biomass of fish from higher trophic levels (e.g. piscivores, generalist carnivores and invertivores), including many species considered to be of value to commercial and recreational fishers. Biomass of fish on pipelines was, on average, 20 times greater than soft sediments, and was similar to natural reefs. However, the biomass of species considered important to fisheries recorded on the pipelines was, on average 3.5 times greater than reef and 44.5 times greater than soft sediment habitats. This study demonstrates that fish assemblages on the pipeline infrastructure exhibit high ecological and socioeconomic values.
Utilization of patterned bioprinting for heterogeneous and physiologically representative reconstructed epidermal skin models
Authors: Madiedo-Podvrsan Sabrina , Belaïdi Jean-Philippe , Desbouis Stephanie , Simonetti Lucie , Ben-Khalifa Youcef , Collin-Djangone Christine , Soeur Jérémie , Rielland Maïté 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOrganotypic skin tissue models have decades of use for basic research applications, the treatment of burns, and for efficacy/safety evaluation studies. The complex and heterogeneous nature of native human skin however creates difficulties for the construction of physiologically comparable organotypic models. Within the present study, we utilized bioprinting technology for the controlled deposition of separate keratinocyte subpopulations to create a reconstructed epidermis with two distinct halves in a single insert, each comprised of a different keratinocyte sub-population, in order to better model heterogonous skin and reduce inter-sample variability. As an initial proof-of-concept, we created a patterned epidermal skin model using GPF positive and negative keratinocyte subpopulations, both printed into 2 halves of a reconstructed skin insert, demonstrating the feasibility of this approach. We then demonstrated the physiological relevance of this bioprinting technique by generating a heterogeneous model comprised of dual keratinocyte population with either normal or low filaggrin expression. The resultant model exhibited a well-organized epidermal structure with each half possessing the phenotypic characteristics of its constituent cells, indicative of a successful and stable tissue reconstruction. This patterned skin model aims to mimic the edge of lesions as seen in atopic dermatitis or ichthyosis vulgaris, while the use of two populations within a single insert allows for paired statistics in evaluation studies, likely increasing study statistical power and reducing the number of models required per study. This is the first report of human patterned epidermal model using a predefined bioprinted designs, and demonstrates the relevance of bioprinting to faithfully reproduce human skin microanatomy.
Measurement of the dependence of ultra diluted gas transmittance on the size of the detector
Authors: Ratajczak Jakub M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe show that measured optical transmittance of an ultra thin gas depends on the detector size. To this end we conducted an experiment that compares transmittances measured in parallel with a pair of detectors with different diameters ranging from 2 to 200 $$\upmu$$
μ
m. A Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy type system was used. Transmittance of $$\sim$$
∼
10$$^{-2}$$

-
2

mbar water vapor on NIR absorption line $$\lambda =1368.60$$

λ
=
1368.60

nm was measured using a 61.6 m long multi-pass cell placed inside the $$\sim$$
∼
300 l vacuum chamber. The result of the experiment shows higher transmittances when the measurement is performed using smaller detectors. The difference reaches as much as $$1.23 \pm 0.1$$

1.23
±
0.1

%, which is greater than 0 with $$>5 \sigma$$

>
5
σ

statistical significance. Qualitatively it is in agreement with the recently developed model of thin gas optical transmittance taking into account the quantum mechanical effects of spreading of the wave functions of individual gas particles.
Confirmation of the cardiac safety of nolasiban in a randomised cohort of healthy female volunteers
Authors: Täubel Jörg , Lorch Ulrike , Spencer Christopher S. , Freier Anne , Camilleri Dorothée , Djumanov Dilshat , Ferber Georg , Marchand Line , Gotteland Jean-Pierre , Pohl Oliver 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNolasiban is an orally active oxytocin receptor antagonist being developed to increase the efficiency of assisted reproductive technologies. This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and cardiac safety of nolasiban in 45 healthy women of child-bearing age. Nolasiban was administered in a fasted state with a standardised lunch served 4.5 h post-dose. Concentration-effect modelling was used to assess the effect of two dosages of nolasiban (900 mg and 1800 mg) on QTc following single-dose administration. We found no significant change in QTc at all tested dosages. Two-sided 90% confidence intervals of geometric mean Cmaxfor estimated QTc effects of nolasiban were below the threshold of regulatory concern. The sensitivity of the assay to detect small changes in QTc was confirmed by a significant shortening of QTc between 2 and 4 h after consumption of a meal, which served to validate the model. Independent of the nolasiban assessment, this study also explored the effects of sex hormones on ECG parameters, especially QT subintervals. We found a significant relationship between JTpc and oestradiol. Heart rate was negatively correlated with progesterone. This study confirms the cardiovascular safety of nolasiban and describes relationships of sex hormones and ECG parameters.
The influence of antibiotics on transitory resistome during gut colonization with CTX-M-15 and OXA-162 producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST15
Authors: Stercz Balázs , Farkas Ferenc B. , Tóth Ákos , Gajdács Márió , Domokos Judit , Horváth Viola , Ostorházi Eszter , Makra Nóra , Kocsis Béla , Juhász János , Ligeti Balázs , Pongor Sándor , Szabó Dóra 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGreat efforts have been made to limit the transmission of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE), however, the intestinal reservoir of these strains and its modulation by various antibiotics remain largely unexplored. Our aim was to assess the effects of antibiotic administration (ampicillin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin) on the establishment and elimination of intestinal colonization with a CTX-M-15 ESBL and OXA-162 carbapenemase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST15 (KP5825) in a murine (C57BL/6 male mice) model. Whole genome sequencing of KP5825 strain was performed on an Illumina MiSeq platform. Conjugation assays were carried out by broth mating method. In colonization experiments, 5 × 106 CFU of KP5825 was administered to the animals by orogastric gavage, and antibiotics were administered in their drinking water for two weeks and were changed every day. The gut colonization rates with KP5825 were assessed by cultivation and qPCR. In each of the stool samples, the gene copy number of blaOXA-162 and blaCTX-M-15 were determined by qPCR. Antibiotic concentrations in the stool were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography and a bioanalytical method. The KP5825 contained four different plasmid replicon types, namely IncFII(K), IncL, IncFIB and ColpVC. IncL (containing the blaOXA-162 resistance gene within a Tn1991.2 genetic element) and IncFII(K) (containing the blaCTX-M-15 resistance gene) plasmids were successfully conjugated. During ampicillin and ceftazidime treatments, colonization rate of KP5825 increased, while, ciprofloxacin treatments in both concentrations (0.1 g/L and 0.5 g/L) led to significantly decreased colonization rates. The gene copy number blaOXA-162 correlated with K. pneumoniae in vivo, while a major elevation was observed in the copy number of blaCTX-M-15 from the first day to the fifteenth day in the 0.5 g/L dose ceftazidime treatment group. Our results demonstrate that commonly used antibiotics may have diverse impacts on the colonization rates of intestinally-carried CPE, in addition to affecting the gene copy number of their resistance genes, thus facilitating their stable persistance and dissemination.
Lack of association of baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with disease severity and mortality in Indian patients hospitalized for COVID-19
Authors: Jevalikar Ganesh , Mithal Ambrish , Singh Anshu , Sharma Rutuja , Farooqui Khalid J. , Mahendru Shama , Dewan Arun , Budhiraja Sandeep 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVitamin D deficiency (VDD) owing to its immunomodulatory effects is believed to influence outcomes in COVID-19. We conducted a prospective, observational study of patients, hospitalized with COVID-19. Serum 25-OHD level < 20 ng/mL was considered VDD. Patients were classified as having mild and severe disease on basis of the WHO ordinal scale for clinical improvement (OSCI). Of the 410 patients recruited, patients with VDD (197,48.2%) were significantly younger and had lesser comorbidities. The levels of PTH were significantly higher in the VDD group (63.5 ± 54.4 vs. 47.5 ± 42.9 pg/mL). The proportion of severe cases (13.2% vs.14.6%), mortality (2% vs. 5.2%), oxygen requirement (34.5% vs.43.4%), ICU admission (14.7% vs.19.8%) was not significantly different between patients with or without VDD. There was no significant correlation between serum 25-OHD levels and inflammatory markers studied. Serum parathormone levels correlated with D-dimer (r 0.117, p- 0.019), ferritin (r 0.132, p-0.010), and LDH (r 0.124, p-0.018). Amongst VDD patients, 128(64.9%) were treated with oral cholecalciferol (median dose of 60,000 IU). The proportion of severe cases, oxygen, or ICU admission was not significantly different in the treated vs. untreated group. In conclusion, serum 25-OHD levels at admission did not correlate with inflammatory markers, clinical outcomes, or mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Treatment of VDD with cholecalciferol did not make any difference to the outcomes.
Potential zoonotic pathogens hosted by endangered bonobos
Authors: Medkour Hacène , Castaneda Sergei , Amona Inestin , Fenollar Florence , André Claudine , Belais Raphaël , Mungongo Paulin , Muyembé-Tamfum Jean-Jacques , Levasseur Anthony , Raoult Didier , Davoust Bernard , Mediannikov Oleg 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFew publications, often limited to one specific pathogen, have studied bonobos (Pan paniscus), our closest living relatives, as possible reservoirs of certain human infectious agents. Here, 91 stool samples from semicaptive bonobos and bonobos reintroduced in the wild, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, were screened for different infectious agents: viruses, bacteria and parasites. We showed the presence of potentially zoonotic viral, bacterial or parasitic agents in stool samples, sometimes coinfecting the same individuals. A high prevalence of Human mastadenoviruses (HAdV-C, HAdV-B, HAdV-E) was observed. Encephalomyocarditis viruses were identified in semicaptive bonobos, although identified genotypes were different from those identified in the previous fatal myocarditis epidemic at the same site in 2009. Non-pallidum Treponema spp. including symbiotic T. succinifaciens, T. berlinense and several potential new species with unknown pathogenicity were identified. We detected DNA of non-tuberculosis Mycobacterium spp., Acinetobacter spp., Salmonella spp. as well as pathogenic Leptospira interrogans. Zoonotic parasites such as Taenia solium and Strongyloides stercoralis were predominantly present in wild bonobos, while Giardia lamblia was found only in bonobos in contact with humans, suggesting a possible exchange. One third of bonobos carried Oesophagostomum spp., particularly zoonotic O. stephanostomum and O. bifurcum-like species, as well as other uncharacterized Nematoda. Trypanosoma theileri has been identified in semicaptive bonobos. Pathogens typically known to be transmitted sexually were not identified. We present here the results of a reasonably-sized screening study detecting DNA/RNA sequence evidence of potentially pathogenic viruses and microorganisms in bonobo based on a noninvasive sampling method (feces) and focused PCR diagnostics.
Abnormal body mass index may be related to poor social function of female children by a propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Yang You , Jin Zhijuan , Liu Shijian , Jin Xingming , Huang Hong , Tong Shilu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study sought to estimate the association of children’s body mass index (BMI) with their social function in Shanghai China. A large population-based cross-sectional study based on a propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was conducted. BMI was compared according to social communication questionnaire (SCQ) classification, and then SCQ score was compared in terms of BMI grouping before and after PSM. A positive SCQ was considered to indicate poor social communication and a negative SCQ was then supposed to be normal. After 1:3 matching, a total of 7563 children aged 3–12 years were included in analysis. There were statistically significant positive correlation of BMI with SCQ scores for obese females of school age (R2 = 0.043, p < 0.001) and negative correlation of these two variables for school-aged females with malnutrition (R2 = 0.047, p = 0.027). In conclusion, BMI may be characterized as one of predictive factor for poor social function of these children.
The therapeutic effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on obesity and its associated diseases in diet-induced obese mice
Authors: jaber Hala , Issa Khodr , Eid Ali , Saleh Fatima A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObesity is a global public health concern associated with increased risk of several comorbidities. Due to the limited effectiveness of current therapies, new treatment strategies are needed. Our aim was to examine the effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) on obesity and its associated diseases in a diet-induced obese (DIO) animal model. C57BL6 mice were fed with either high fat diet (HFD) or CHOW diet for 15 weeks. Obese and lean mice were then subjected to two doses of AD-MSCs intraperitoneally. Mice body weight and composition; food intake; blood glucose levels; glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were measured. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6, were also determined. AD-MSCs treatment reduced blood glucose levels, HbA1c and AIP as well as improved glucose tolerance in DIO mice. In addition, MSCs caused significant attenuation in the levels of inflammatory mediators in HFD-fed mice. Taken together, AD-MSCs were effective in treating obesity-associated diabetes in an animal model as well as protective against cardiovascular diseases as shown by AIP, which might be partly due to the attenuation of inflammatory mediators. Thus, AD-MSCs may offer a promising therapeutic potential in counteracting obesity-related diseases in patients.