bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forecasting Factor of Safety of Slopes Stability Using Several Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Mahmoodzadeh Arsalan , Mohammadi Mokhtar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Because of the disasters associated with slope failure, the analysis and forecasting of slope stability for geotechnical engineers are crucial. In this work, in order to forecast the factor of safety (FOS) of the slopes, six machine learning (ML) techniques of Gaussian process regression (GPR), support vector regression (SVR), decision trees (DT), long-short term memory (LSTM), deep neural networks (DNN), and K-nearest neighbors (KNN) were performed. A total of 327 slope cases in Iran with various geometric and shear strength parameters analyzed by PLAXIS software to evaluate their FOS, were employed in the models. The K-fold (K=5) cross-validation (CV) method was applied to evaluate the performance of models’ prediction. Finally, all the models produced acceptable results and almost close to each other. However, the GPR model with R2 = 0.8139, RMSE = 0.160893, and MAPE = 7.209772%, was the most accurate model to predict slope stability. Also, the backward selection method was applied to evaluate the contribution of each parameter in the prediction problem. The results showed that all the features considered in this study have significant contributions to slope stability. However, features φ (friction angle) and γ (unit weight) were the most effective and least effective parameters on slope stability, respectively.
Transversely Isotropic Creep Characteristics and Damage Mechanism of Layered Phyllite Under Uniaxial Compression Creep Test
Authors: Zhang Jiabing , Zhang Xiaohu , Huang Zhen , Fu Helin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The layered surrounding rocks of deep tunnels undergo large creep deformation due to the presence of planes of weakness and the presence of prolonged high in-situ stress, thereby the deformation severely endangers the safety of tunnels. This study conducts uniaxial compression creep tests to experimentally investigate the transversely isotropic creep characteristics and the damage mechanism of layered phyllite samples having bedding angles of 0°, 22.5°, 45°, 67.5°, and 90°. The results indicate that the creep deformation of the specimens takes place in four stages: the instantaneous elastic deformation stage, the deceleration creep stage, the steady-state creep stage, and the accelerated creep stage. The cumulative creep deformation and the creep time during the steady-state creep stage of the specimens initially decrease and then increase as the bedding angle changes from 0° to 90°, thereby, corresponding to the initial increase and subsequent decrease in creep rate during the deceleration creep stage. Based on the existing viscoelastic-plastic damage creep model, the creep parameters E1, E2, η2, and η3 are observed to initially decrease and then increase with the increase in bedding angle, hence demonstrating that the creep characteristics and damage mechanism of the layered rock mass are controlled by the effect of the natural weakness planes and show significant transversely isotropic characteristics.
Comparison of Continuous and Pulsed Wave Lasers in Keyhole Welding of Stainless-Steel to Aluminium
Authors: Coroado Julio , Ganguly Supriyo , Williams Stewart , Suder Wojciech , Meco Sonia , Pardal Goncalo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A continuous wave (CW) and a nanosecond pulsed wave (PW) lasers were used to join 1 mm thick sheets of SS304L (SS) austenitic stainless-steel to AA5251 (Al) aluminium alloy in an overlap joint configuration. The weld shape (penetration depth and width), intermetallic compounds concentration, weld quality (cracking and porosity) and mechanical strength were correlated with the process energy and compared between each laser temporal mode. Successful CW joints were produced with the SS sheet on top of the Al, but the opposite configuration revealed to be impossible for the range of parameters tested. The PW joints were successful with the Al sheet on top of SS, but all the joints cracked at the interface when the opposite configuration was used. The mechanical tests showed that even though it is possible to achieve higher tensile shear load in CW welds due to the larger bonding area, the load per unit of weld length revealed to be almost 5x higher for PW welds at similar applied energy.
Terahertz Radiation Generation Process In The Medium Based On The Array of The Elongated Nanoparticles
Authors: Sadykov Nail , Pilipenko Irina Alekseevna , Jolnirov Semyon Evgenievich 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We conduct a theoretical study and numerical simulations of terahertz radiation generation in the medium based on armchair-edge nanoribbons and zigzag nanotubes with metallic conductivity. The multicascade mechanism of radiation generation is considered in the task of terahertz radiation generation. The level of the injection current in nanoparticle arrays has been estimated. The task expands to the similar medium where radiation current is generated with the use of infrared radiation stimulated absorption, for example, radiation of a CO2 laser. Numerical results for the effective dielectric function have been obtained with the use of the effective medium-approximation, the Maxwell-Garnett’s theory and the Maxwell-Garnett model with the Clausius-Mossotti correction (geometrical model arrays).
Metastatic Gastroesophageal Cancer in Older Patients – Is this Patient Cohort Represented in Clinical Trials?
Authors: Hennessy Maeve A. , Hamid Munzir , Keegan Niamh , Corrigan Lynda , Goggin Caitriona , MyoOo Nay , Carrigan Marie , Mockler David , O'Donovan Anita , Horgan Anne M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Older patients are underrepresented in the clinical trials that determine the standards of care for oncological treatment. We conducted a review to identify whether there have been age-restrictive inclusion criteria in clinical trials over the last twenty five years, focusing on patients with metastatic gastroesophageal cancer. Methods: A search strategy was developed encompassing Embase, PubMed and The Cochrane Library databases. Completed phase III randomised controlled trials evaluating systemic anti-cancer therapies in metastatic gastroesophageal malignancies from1st January 1995 to 18th November 2020 were identified. These werescreened for eligibility using reference management software (Covidence; Veritas Health Innovation Ltd). Data including age inclusion/exclusion criteria and median age of participants were recorded. The percentage of patients≥65 enrolled was collected where available.The change over time in the proportion of studies using an upper age exclusion was estimated using a linear probability model.Results: 363 phase III studies were identified and screened, with 66 trials remaining for final analysis. The majority of trials were Asian (48%; n = 32) and predominantly evaluated gastric malignancies, (86%; n = 56).The median age of participants was 62 (range 18-94). Thirty-two percent (n = 21) of studies specified an upper age limit for inclusion and over half of these were Asian studies. The median age of exclusion was 75 (range 65-80). All studies prior to 2003 used an upper age exclusion (n = 12); whereas only 9 that started in 2003 or later did (17%). Among later studies, there was a very modest downward yearly-trend in the proportion of studies using an upper age exclusion (-0.02 per year; 95%CI -0.05 to 0.01; p = 0.31). Fifty-two percent (n = 34) of studies specified the proportion of their study population who were ≥65 years. Older patients represented only 36% of the trial populations in these studies (range 7-60%).Conclusions: Recent years have seen improvements in clinical trial protocols, with many no longer specifying restrictive age criteria. Reasons for poor representation of older patients are complex and ongoing efforts are needed to broaden eligibility criteria and prioritise the inclusion of older adults in clinical trials.
Bilateral Multiple Pulmonary Sclerosing Pneumocytomain A Young Male: Case Report
Authors: Li Xianshuai , He Shuqian , chen xianguo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma (PSP) is a relatively rare benign tumor, and multiple pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytomas are even rarer. PSP is usually seen in adults over 50 years old, featuring a female to male ratio of 5:1. We report an extremely rare case of a 20-year-old male patient with bilateral multiple pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma. This rare benign disease also presents diagnostic challenges throughout the treatment process.Case presentation: A 20-year-old male was diagnosed with bilateral multiple pulmonary nodules on chest CT. The patient underwent regular chest CT reexamination over the course of six months, which indicated a tendency of slow enlargement of pulmonary nodules. After complete examination and exclusion of tumors in other parts of the body, he underwent two separate surgeries, and bilateral multiple nodules were removed. Intraoperative frozen section analysis suggested that some nodules were adenocarcinoma and the remaining nodules were considered benign tumors. Postoperative immunohistochemistry indicated that all nodules were pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytomas. Conclusions: Bilateral multiple pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma are rare in young men. In clinical practice, the differentiation of this disease from malignancy is challenging, and surgical treatment is a safe option for pulmonary nodules with a tendency to become larger.
Low-Grade Chondrosarcomas: Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Erdogan Ozgur , demiröz serdar , kaya emre , altun güray , gürkan volkan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Multiple parameters are needed to distinguish between enchondroma and low-grade chondrosarcoma (LGCS). This study aimed to investigate the diagnosis, surgery type according to bone type, recurrence rates, and complications of LGCS in the appendicular and axial skeletons. Methods: A total of 52 surgically treated patients with LGCS, between March 2007 and May 2019, were retrospectively examined. Following diagnosis, the patients were operated on with intralesional curettage for long bones or wide local excision (WLE) for axial bones. The retrieved data included demographics, tumor location, surgical treatment type, local adjuvants, complications, and Musculoskeletal Tumor Society scores.Results: The final cohort included 52 patients (52 tumors; 35 female and 17 male). The male:female ratio was 1:2. The mean age was 44 ± 17 years. Forty of the tumors were treated with intralesional procedures (all with a high-speed burr and phenol), 6 with autograft, 8 with allograft, and 28 with cement augmentation, while 7 were treated with WLE.Conclusions: The use of phenol as an adjuvant may reduce recurrence rates. Using a putty graft alone may result in nonunion. Applying a thin layer of putty on the cementum can create callus tissue on the cementum. Even in the upper limb, plate and screw fixation should be used to prevent fractures in metaphyseal–diaphyseal curettages.
Sestrin2 reduces the cancer stemness via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling in colorectal cancer
Authors: Wei Jinlai , zheng xiangru , Li Wenjun , Li Xiaoli , Fu Zhongxue 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in both men and women in China. In previous studies, Sestrin2 was demonstrated to have functions in CRC. However, the relationship between Sestrin2 and cancer stemness has not been reported. To investigate the contribution of Sestrin2 in CRC, we performed bioinformatics analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets and found that Sestrin2 was downregulated in CRC. Using a lentivirus vector, we verified that Sestrin2 suppressed CRC cell proliferation, migration, and colony formation. Furthermore, sphere formation, flow cytometry, quantitative PCR, and Western blot analysis verified the effect of Sestrin2 on the cancer stem ness, including the expression of cluster of differentiation 44, octamer-binding transcription factor 4, sex-determining region Y-box 2, CXC chemokine receptor 4, and the Wnt pathway downstream factors β-catenin and c-Myc. Consistently, the Wnt pathway activator BML-284 partially rescued the effects of Sestrin2 on the expression of proteins related to the cancer stemness. Furthermore, in a mouse xenoplant model, tumors with Sestrin2 were significantly reduced in size with corresponding changes in the cancer stemness. Collectively, our results suggest that Sestrin2 inhibits CRC cell progression by downregulating the Wnt signaling pathway. Thus, Sestrin2 may be a promising therapeutic target for CRC.
Thinning Response and Potential Basal Area in a Mixed Sub-humid Low-elevation Oak-Hornbeam Forest
Authors: Neumann Mathias , Hasenauer Hubert 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Competition for resources (light, water, nutrients, etc.) limits the size and abundance of alive trees a site can support. This carrying capacity determines the potential carbon sequestration in alive trees as well as the maximum growing stock. Lower stocking through thinning can change growth and mortality. We were interested in the relations between stand structure, increment and mortality using a long-unmanaged oak-hornbeam forest near Vienna, Austria, as case study. We expected lower increment for heavy thinned compared to unmanaged stands. We tested the thinning response using three permanent growth plots, whereas two were thinned (50% and 70% basal area removed) and one remained unmanaged. We calculated stand structure (basal area, stem density, diameter distribution) and increment and mortality of single trees. The heavy thinned stand had over ten years similar increment as the moderate thinned and unthinned stands. Basal area of the unthinned stand remained constant and stem density decreased due to competition-related mortality. The studied oak-hornbeam stands responded well even to late and heavy thinning suggesting a broad “plateau” of stocking and increment for these forest types. Lower stem density for thinned stands lead to much larger tree increment of single trees, compared to the unthinned reference. The findings of this study need verification for other soil and climatic conditions.
Essential (Cu, Zn) And Nonessential Metals (Pb, Cd) In Muscle of Leopard Groupers (Mycteroperca Rosacea) From A Mining Port In The Gulf of California, Mexico: Human Health Risk Assessment
Authors: Irigoyen-Arredondo Marina Soledad , Moreno-Sánchez Xchel Gabriel , Escobar-Sánchez Ofelia , Soto-Jiménez Martín Federico , Marín-Enríquez Emigdio , Abitia-Cárdenas Leonardo Andrés 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The concentrations of essential (Cu, Zn) and toxic (Cd, Pb) elements were quantified in the muscle of leopard groupers, Mycteroperca rosacea, in a mining district in the Gulf of California. Metal concentrations were analyzed by size, sex, maturity, season, year, and a risk factor for human consumption. Results indicated elevated levels of essential elements (Cu: 11±34.3 μg/g, Zn: 377±1390 μg/g), up to 10 times higher than concentrations of toxic elements (Cd: 0.06±0.1 μg/g, Pb: 0.98±1.5 μg/g). Cadmium was within permissible limit stated by Mexican norm (0.5 μg/g), but lead bordering its limit (1.0 μg/g). Heavy metal concentrations were comparable between males and females. Metal variations were not significantly correlated to the sex, maturity, season, or year (p>0.05). The evaluation of benefits (Daily Mineral Intake) and risks (Target Hazard Quotients) to health indicated that these fish did not represent adverse effects to the consumer, within worldwide limits, but the nutritional benefits are high.
Assessment of The Eco-Geomorphological Conditions of Udmurtia, European Russia
Authors: Kirillova Aino , Likhacheva Emma , Kokin Osip 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The territory of Udmurtia located in the European part of Russia between the River Volga and the Urals was chosen for assessment of its eco-geomorphological conditions, because it’s well-developed region (ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, machine-building and oil production) with a quite high population density. A combined approach, based on standard geomorphological methods (field work, remote sensing and GIS technologies) and analysis of time-space population distribution, was used. The region is located in a relatively comfortable eco-geomorphological conditions: areas with comfortable and relatively comfortable conditions make up 63% of the study region, while areas with poorly comfortable and uncomfortable conditions, where the relief worsens ecological conditions, account for 37%. The most acute eco-geomorphological and ecological problems are characteristic of southeastern Udmurtia, where the relief contributes to a poor ecological situation. 57% of rural settlements are located in areas with comfortable and relatively comfortable eco-geomorphological conditions. Hence, 43% of settlements are located in areas with less comfortable conditions. In spite of the prevalence of comfortable and relatively comfortable living conditions, most people of Udmurtia live under uncomfortable conditions.
Molecular Dynamics of The Early Stages of High Temperature Corrosion
Authors: Kim Sung-Yup , Taylor Christopher D. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We performed molecular dynamics simulations of the high temperature oxidation of metal alloys composed of Al, Cr and Fe and compared their behavior with that of pure Fe. The metal alloy elements (Al and Cr) segregated to the surface during oxidation producing a lower stress gradient at the metal/environment interface compared to pure Fe. We have found that the lowered stress gradients produced in the alloy material appear to play a key role in the development of corrosion. Interfaces with lower stress gradients have reduced rates of H2O adsorption, especially for the ferritic (bcc) alloys. The diffusivity of oxygen and hydrogen drops more rapidly for the interfaces with reduced stress gradients. The stress gradient is also diminished when the gas pressure is increased, indicating that the Fe-Cr-Al alloy system is more resistant to oxidation than pure Fe at higher pressures. Therefore, we conclude that the lower stress gradients at the alloy/environment interface reduce the stress concentration and can slow down the rate of the initial oxide scale growth. We also compared bcc and fcc alloys with pure Fe based on our 3 evaluation criteria (peak stress, stress gradient and summation of stress in the oxide scale). We found that the alloys have lower values under the three criteria compared to pure Fe. The bcc alloy has the best score under a water rich environment and the fcc alloy is proven to be the better for peak stress and summation of stress in the oxide scale under an oxygen rich environment. For surface segregation to occur, we find that a minimum content of Al or Cr content in the near-surface region must be achieved.
Responses of Photosynthesis And Long-Term Water Use Efficiency To Ambient Air Pollution In Urban Roadside Trees
Authors: Matsumoto Mayu , Kiyomizu Takashi , Yamagishi Saya , Kinoshita Tomomitsu , Kumpitsch Luisa , Kume Atsushi , Hanba Yuko T. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We conducted on-site studies in Kyoto City, Japan, to evaluate the effect of air pollution by automobile gas exhaust on the leaf photosynthetic functions of four urban roadside tree species. Nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2) are major air pollutants that are related to automobile gas exhaust. The species-specific response of leaf photosynthesis to air pollution was obtained for single-year data, in which at the high air pollution sites, Rhododendron × pulchrum, Rhaphiolepis indica, and Prunus × yedoensis had a higher restriction of maximum photosynthesis (Amax), while the opposite trend was obtained for Ginkgo biloba. When the data were pooled across the years from 2007 to 2019 in R. pulchrum, the dose-dependent effect of NO and NO2 on photosynthesis became obvious, in which they decreased Amax and increased the long-term leaf water use efficiency. A spatial variability map for R. pulchrum showed a lower Amax and higher water use efficiency at the heavy traffic areas in Kyoto City, which suggests that R. pulchrum increased tolerance to air pollution and water stress at the expense of the leaf photosynthesis. This study revealed the importance of the evaluation of the species-specific response of photosynthesis to air pollution for the efficient use of urban trees, even in regions with relatively low atmospheric pollution levels such as < 40 ppb of NO or NO2.
Genome-wide SNPs Detect Fine-scale Genetic Structure in Threatened Populations of Squirrel Glider Petaurus Norfolcensis
Authors: Knipler Monica , Dowton Mark , Clulow John , Meyer Ninon , Mikac Katarina M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Australian arboreal mammals are experiencing significant population declines, particularly due to land clearing and resulting habitat fragmentation. The squirrel glider, Petaurus norfolcensis, is a threatened species in New South Wales, with a stronghold population in the Lake Macquarie Local Government Area (LGA) where fragmentation due to urbanization is an ongoing problem for the species conservation. Here we report on the use of squirrel glider mitochondrial (385 bp cytochrome b gene, 70 individuals) and nuclear DNA (6,812 SNPs, 87 individuals) markers to assess their population genetic structure and connectivity across 14 locations sampled in the Lake Macquarie LGA. The mitochondrial DNA sequences detected evidence of a historical genetic bottleneck, while the genome-wide SNPs detected significant population structure in the Lake Macquarie squirrel glider populations at scales as fine as one kilometer. There was no evidence of inbreeding within patches, however there were clear effects of habitat fragmentation and biogeographical barriers on gene flow. A least cost path analysis identified thin linear corridors that have high priority for conservation. These areas should be protected to avoid further isolation of squirrel glider populations and the loss of genetic diversity through genetic drift.