bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reference materials for optic nanosensor systems: reduced glutathione and chloramphenicol
Authors: Yushina A. A. , Alenichev M. K. 
Published: May 2021

The research provides enterprise reference material (ERM) development approach for nanosensor system on the basis of dynamic light scattering and fluorescence for qualitative and quantitative determination of nutrition pollutant - chloramphenicol antibiotic (laevomycetin), as well as marker of ischaemic stroke and a number of other diseases - reduced glutathione.ERM candidate materials were chosen chloramphenicol and reduced glutathione. The attestation procedure based on calculating-experimental approach by preparation procedure was used to determine the certified value of ERM. During the tests there were determined metrological characteristics of reference material. The certified value of ERM for reduced glutathione mass fraction is 98,5 %, the expanded uncertainty of certified value with coverage factor k=2 is ± 0,3 %. The certified value of ERM for chloramphenicol mass concentration is 10,0 g/dm3, the expanded uncertainty of certified value with coverage factor k = 2 is ± 4,0 %.The implementation of the developed ERMs showed their appropriateness for optic nanosensor systems calibration on the base of dynamic light scattering and fluorescence.We suppose that the developed enterprise reference materials further may be certified as CRM (certified reference material) and used for verification, calibration and graduation of compact detection devices of the «point of care diagnostics» type under development, which are intended for express analysis on the sampling site directly.
Safety and Effectiveness of Pharmacologic Conversion of Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter: Results of Multicenter Trial. Part I: Study Rationale, Design and Assessment of Effectiveness
Authors: Mironov N. Yu. , Yuricheva Yu. A. , Vlodzyanovskiy V. V. , Sokolov S. F. , Dzaurova Kh. M. , Golitsyn S. P. , Shubik Yu. V. , Berman M. V. , Medvedev M. M. , Rivin A. E. , Parkhomchuk D. S. , Barybin A. E. , Balandin D. А. , Batalov R. E. , Terekhov D. S. , Evstifeev I. V. , Kildeev I. R. , Pyataeva O. V. , Zenin S. A. 
Published: May 2021

Aim.We aimed to assess safety and effectiveness of class III antiarrhythmic drug Refralon for conversion of atrial fibrillation (AFib) and flutter (AFl) in post-registration trial and to compare data of primary center (National medical research center in cardiology) with data of other hospitals.Material and Methods. We performed retrospective cohort study in 727 patients (451 enrolled in primary center and 276 enrolled in other hospitals) admitted between June 24, 2014 and June 24, 2019. Refralon was administered for conversion of AFib and AFl in intense care units in escalating doses (10-30 mcg/kg) intravenously. Primary endpoints: restoration of sinus rhythm (SR) within 24 hours after the start of infusion of the study drug in a total dose of up to 30 pg / kg; registration of SR on an electrocardiogram (ECG) 24 hours after the start of the study drug infusion. Secondary endpoints: restoration of SR after infusion of the study drug at a dose of 10 pg / kg; restoration of SR after infusion of the studied drug in a total dose of up to 20 pg / kg; no recurrence of AFib/AFl after restoration of AFl within 24 hours of observation after the start of the study drug infusion.Results.Conversion to SR was achieved in 53,6% (391 of 727) after administration of 10 mcg/kg dose, in 73% (531 of 727) after administration of 20 mcg/kg dose and in 91,6% (666 of 727) after administration in dose up to 30 mcg/kg. SR was restored in 89% (402 of 451) of patients in primary center, and in 96% (264 of 276) of patients in other hospitals; 95% confidence interval (CI): (-0,1;-0,03). SR preserved 24 hours after conversion in 98% (650 of 666) successfully converted patients. In primary center SR preserved in 97% (390 of 402) successfully converted patients. In other hospitals - in 98,5% (260 of 264) successfully converted patients. 95 CI: (-0,09;0,06).Conclusion:In post-registration multicenter trial Refralon demonstrated high effectiveness in conversion of AFib and AFl to SR. In other hospitals Refralon did not demonstrate lower effectiveness than in primary medical center.
Laboratory predictors of clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Sokolova A. A. , Goncharova I. V. , Vedernikov A. A. , Morozova N. S. , Napalkov D. A. 
Published: May 2021

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in clinical practice that affects intracardiac hemodynamics and is accompanied by increased mortality due to the risk of stroke and systemic thromboembolism. In recent years, numerous studies, evaluating the use of biomarkers in AF patients, have been conducted to expand the possibility of stratification the complications risks.The aim of the review is to evaluate the possible isolated and combined predictive significance of NT-proBNP, troponin T (TnT) and D-dimer levels in the development and progression of AF and its thromboembolic complications according to published data. Determining the level of NT-proBNP can be used to diagnose cardioembolic stroke in latent forms of AF. Patients with a cardioembolic stroke have been shown to have higher BNP/NT-proBNP levels than patients with an atherothrombotic stroke and venous thromboembolism. Elevated TnT level is independently associated with AF detection as a cause of stroke. The assessment on the CHADS2 scale significantly correlates with the level of troponin I (TnI). However, it is equally important to take into account TnI level even with a low score of CHADS2. Patients with the level of TnI ≥ 0.040 pg/L are considered to be prescribed anticoagulants in the same way as the patients with high CHADS2 score. Similar results were obtained analyzing high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) data. The level of D-dimer 0.315 mg/L was determined to be the optimal limit level for predicting the adverse functional outcome of stroke owing to AF. Patients with a high level of D-dimer have shown a high risk of developing thromboembolic and cardiovascular complications despite their taking anticoagulant drugs. D-dimer levels positively correlate with the CHA2DS2 and CHA2DS2-VASC scales of stroke risk stratification. The analysis of the biomarkers combination has revealed the increase of hs-cTnT and BNP associated with stroke in AF patients (p<0.05). However, ABC scale, including hs-cTnT and NT- pro BNP, hasn't given more accurate result in stroke predicting than CHA2DS2-VASc scale. The integration of biomarkers in predicting the risk of AF occurrence, progression and appearance of thromboembolic complications is a promising direction. An isolated level of biomarkers (hs-cTnT, NT-proBNP, D-dimer) and their combination with clinical risk factors can improve the quality of cardioembolic strokes prognosis.
A Novel Strategy Conjugating PD-L1 Polypeptide with Doxorubicin Alleviates Chemotherapeutic Resistance and Enhances Immune Response in Colon Cancer
Authors: Wang Maolin , Shu Xing-sheng , Li Meiqi , Zhang Yilin , Yao Youli , Huang Xiaoyan , Wei Pengfei , He Zhendan , Lu Jun , ying Ying 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Chemotherapy is most commonly used for treating colon cancer. However, the destruction to normal cells and resistance to chemical therapeutics still remain as clinical challenges.
Methods

We developed a novel synergistic strategy coupling PD-L1 polypeptide with chemotherapeutic reagent for colon cancer.
Results

A proteolysis resistant PD-L1-targeted peptide (PPA1) was conjugated to doxorubicin (DOX) with a pH sensitive linker, which could trigger the release of DOX near acidic tumor tissues. We found that PPA1-DOX construct showed high binding affinity with PD-L1 in vitro and specifically enriched within tumor when administered in vivo.
Conclusions

PPA1-DOX exhibited a significantly lower toxicity and a remarkably higher antitumor activity in vivo, as compared with free PPA1, random polypeptide-DOX conjugate, DOX, or 5-FU, respectively. Moreover, increased infiltration of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was found in tumors from PPA1-DOX treated mice, indicating that PPA1-DOX enhanced immune response. Delivery of chemical regimen guided by PD-L1 polypeptide represents a potential targeted treatment strategy of colon cancer with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity.
KIR2DL4 promotes the proliferation of renal cell carcinoma cells by PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activation
Authors: Ding Xiao-Fei , Ma Huai-Lu , Chen Jie , Liang Yong , Wang Yun-Fei , Chen Guang , Li Xin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL4 (KIR2DL4) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is expressed by natural killer (NK) cells and certain subsets of T cells. It has been reported to serve an important role in the immune response. However, its expression profiles and function in solid tumor progression remain poorly defined.Methods: In the present study, using bioinformatics analysis, immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, MTT assay, soft agar colony formation assay and a renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell xenograft model in nude mice, we examined whether KIR2DL4 is expressed by RCC and its possible roles in RCC progression. Results: We confirmed that KIR2DL4 is overexpressed by RCC cells. MTT and soft agar cloning assays showed that KIR2DL4 knockdown delayed cell proliferation in RCC cell lines, Caki-1 and 769-P, in vitro. By contrast, KIR2DL4 overexpression promoted Caki-1 cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo, which was observed in a BALB/c-nu/nu xenograft mouse model. Moreover, RNA sequencing data demonstrated that the differentially expressed genes between vector controlled and KIR2DL4-overexpressed Caki-1 cells were highly associated with cancer development, of which those related to the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/ protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway were particularly enriched. Immunoblotting data showed that the level of AKT phosphorylation was higher in KIR2DL4-overexpressing Caki-1 cells compared with that in the parallel-controlled cells. Conclusions: Our results indicate that KIR2DL4 is also expressed by RCC cells, which promotes RCC progression through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Circrhbdd1 Augments M6a-Dependent Metabolic Reprogramming and Restricts Anti-PD-1 Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Cai Juan , Chen Zhiqiang , Zhang Yao , Wang Jinguo , Wang Junfeng , Zhang Zhengrong , Li Haoran , Wu Jindao , Mao Jiading , Wang Xuehao , Zuo Xueliang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Metabolic rewiring of cancer cells reshapes the tumor microenvironment, thereby restricting the response to immunotherapy. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) can influence various cellular processes and have been implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we investigated the role of a novel circRNA circRHBDD1 in HCC metabolic transformation and immunotherapy resistance.
Methods

CircRNA sequencing was performed to determine the differentially expressed circRNA profile in HCC. RT-qPCR and in situ hybridization were used to verify the dysregulation of circRHBDD1 in two independent HCC cohorts. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were employed to assess the prognostic significance of circRHBDD1. Loss- and gain-of-function approaches were adopted to evaluate the effects of circRHBDD1 on glycolysis and glutaminolysis. Patient-derived xenograft models were used for in vivo evaluation. RNA pull-down, mass spectrometry, RNA immunoprecipitation, fluorescence in situ hybridization, polysome profiling, and meRIP assays were utilized to explore the molecular mechanisms of circRHBDD1 in HCC.
Results

We found that circRHBDD1 was significantly upregulated in HCC and associated with unfavorable clinicopathological characteristics and poor survival outcomes. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that circRHBDD1 facilitated HCC glycolysis and glutaminolysis. Mechanistic studies revealed that circRHBDD1 could recruit YTHDF1 to PIK3R1 mRNA and augment PIK3R1 translation in an m6A-dependent manner, leading to activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling. EIF4A3-mediated exon back-splicing contributed to the upregulation of circRHBDD1. Moreover, targeting of circRHBDD1 was able to improve anti-PD-1 therapy resulting in prolonged survival.
Conclusion

We identified that the circRHBDD1/YTHDF1/PIK3R1 axis was crucial to metabolic reprogramming of HCC. Suppression of circRHBDD1 could potentially sensitize HCC cells to anti-PD-1 therapy.
Factors affecting the mother’s choice of infant feeding method in Poland – a cross – sectional preliminary study in Poland
Authors: Rozensztrauch Anna , Klaniewska Magdalena , Mazur Marta Berghausen - 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background The World Health Organization identifies exclusive breastfeeding as the gold standard for child nutrition. Breastfeeding provides many benefits to both the baby and the mother. First days after birth are crucial for breastfeeding and determine its further path. Unfortunately, very often it is also the time of facing the first breastfeeding problems. The aim of this study was to analyze selected factors influencing a mother's decision to breastfeed. Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted between March 2019 and November 2019 in selected Polish maternity wards. Data were collected through completion of author's questionnaire and a standardized questionnaire, the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale and also through informal interviews with mothers. During statistical analysis the chi-square test of independence, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, as well as the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test in addition to Fisher's exact test were performed. Results The results showed that there is no correlation between the mode of delivery and the mother’s choice of infant feeding method. Whereas knowledge of the benefits of breastfeeding and received support affects the mother’s decision on infant feeding method. The study also showed that the 83% of newborns were put to the breast within the first two hours after birth. However, only 58% continued to be breastfed in the subsequent days. As many as 42% of the newborns were supplemented with formula despite early initiation of breastfeeding. Analyses showed that exclusive breastfeeding was more often chosen by mothers with higher education. And the most common breastfeeding problem reported by 62% of the respondents was perceived insufficient milk supply and also breastfeeding pain, reported in 48,5% mothers. Conclusions It is extremely important to continually promote breastfeeding among women. The role of midwives is crucial in this regard, as they should encourage the initiation of breastfeeding, support mothers during the perinatal and postnatal periods, and increase their sense of competence and confidence in their ability to breastfeed. Accessible, professional, and empathetic support can help reduce the number of women supplementing with modified milk. Undoubtedly, the postpartum period is important for breastfeeding outcomes, but it is significant that breastfeeding education and promotion begin during pregnancy.
Machine Learning Reveals the Unique Biomarkers of Clonal Hematopoiesis in Patient With Early-Stage Colorectal Neoplasia: A Case Control Study
Authors: Hsu Yin-Chen , Huang Sin-Ming , Chang Li-Chun , Chen Yan-Ming , Chiu Wei-Tzu , Lin Jing-Wei , Lin Chien-Chia , Chen Ching-Wen , Chiu Han-Mo , YU SUNG-LIANG 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Blood test has a better uptake for colorectal cancer screening than stool test and colonoscopy but suboptimal detection of early-stage colorectal neoplasia (CRN), including advanced adenoma and stage I cancer, limits its application. The present study aimed to evaluate whether clonal hematopoiesis (CH) from peripheral blood can be used as a biomarker for early-stage CRN screening and improve the detection of blood tests by machine-learning approach.METHODS: The CH profile was evaluated in 63 early-stage CRNs and 32 controls by error-corrected sequencing and classified by machine-learning method. Diagnostic performance was measured by receiver operator characteristic analysis. Additional 20 early-stage CRNs and 10 controls were used to validate the machine-learning model. We simultaneously used mutational signature analysis to study predictors based on CH.RESULTS: We identified 1,446 variants and clarified the uniqueness of variants from the peripheral bloods of early-stage CRNs. The machine learning model identified early-stage CRNs from controls and its AUC, sensitivity and specificity were 0.988, 94.2% and 99.3%, respectively. The CH-based CRN detection model was further verified. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.933 (p=0.00065), 95.0%, and 90.0%, respectively. Furthermore, the mutational signature analysis of those unique variants in CRNs revealed the influence of genetic architecture on DNA damages.CONCLUSIONS: Our results reveal the potential of CH to a mark produced by the carcinogenesis in early-stage CRN. We developed a CH-based blood test with machine learning approach, which not only increase screening uptake but also improve the detection rate of early-stage CRN.
Deep Understanding Degradation Mechanism of Green Biopolyester Nanocomposites with Various Cellulose Nanocrystal Based Nanohybrids
Authors: Lu Gaojun , Zhu Jingli , Yu Hou–Yong , Jin Meijin , Abdalkarim Somia Yassin Hussain , Wei Yong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Oceans and soils have been contaminated with traditional plastic due to their lack of degradability. Therefore, green biopolymer composites reinforced with cellulose nanocrystal-zinc oxide hybrids (ZnO hybrids) with good biodegradation ability provide a positive impact on reducing environmental challenges. In this work, the effect of various morphologies of ZnO hybrids on the biodegradation ability of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate), PBAT) under seawater, soil burial, and UV aging conditions were investigated. Sheet-like ZnO hybrids (s-ZnO hybrid) could efficiently enhance mechanical, UV-blocking properties and biodegradation ability of PBAT. Compared to neat PBAT films, the best tensile strength of PBAT nanocomposite with 2 wt.% s-ZnO hybrid was increased by 15.1%, meanwhile this nanocomposite films showed the highest biodegradation rate after 80 days of soil degradation and 90 days of seawater degradation. Besides, three possible biodegradation mechanisms of green PBAT nanocomposite films were presented, hinting that such PBAT nanocomposite have great promising packaging applications.
Robot-Assisted vs. Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy for Immediate- and High-Risk Localized Prostate Cancer: A Propensity-Score Matched Analysis
Authors: Wen Deng , Cheng Zhang , Hao Jiang , Yulei Li , Xiaoqiang Liu , Luyao Chen , Weipeng Liu , Xiaochen Zhou , Ting Sun , Gongxian Wang , Fu Bin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

To evaluate the functional and oncological efficacy of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) for immediate- and high-risk localized prostate cancer (PCa).
Methods

232 patients bearing immediate- and high-risk localized PCa between January 2016 and October 2019 were enrolled according to the inclusion criteria. The perioperative, functional and oncological outcomes were compared between the RARP and LRP groups after applying the propensity-score matching (PM) (1:1) method, which were employed to attenuate the impact of the potential baseline confounders.
Results

In all, except for 10 patients without a suitable pair, the remaining patients in the LRP group were successfully matched to 85 patients in the RARP arm. All differences in preoperative variables turned to be insignificant after PM. Within the matched cohort, no open conversion was required in both groups. The RARP group was corrected with a significantly shorter mean operative time than the LRP group (p < 0.001). Patients in the RARP arm were also at a lower risk of ≤ Grade II complications than those in the LRP group (p = 0.036). Meanwhile, the proportions of transfusion and ≥ Grade II complications in the RARP group were similar to that in the LRP group (p = 0.192 and p = 1.000, respectively). No significant differences regarding the mean estimated blood loss, rates of pT3 disease and positive surgical margin, median specimen Gleason score and hospital stay length existed between the two groups. RARP vs. LRP tended to a significantly higher percentage of urinary continence at the removal of catheter (p = 0.031), postoperative 6 months (p = 0.043), and last follow-up (p = 0.046). Significant differences were also found between the RARP and LRP arms in erectile function at postoperative 6 months and last follow-up (p = 0.013 and p = 0.009, respectively). The statistical comparability between the two groups was observed in biochemical recurrence-free survival (p = 0.228).
Conclusions

For surgically managing immediate- and high-risk localized PCa, RARP tended to a lower risk of ≤ Grade II complications and superior functional preservation without cancer control being compromised when comparing with LRP.
Prunetin Inhibits Nitric Oxide Activity, Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Urinary Bladder Cancer Cells (RT-4) Through the Enhancement of Apoptotic Pathway via CASP3 and TNF-α Genes That Are Involved
Authors: KARAYILDIRIM Cinel KOKSAL , NALBANTSOY Ayse , YAVASOGLU Nefise Ulku KARABAY 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Urinary bladder cancer is considered one of the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide. Complementary and integrative approaches for the treatment of bladder cancer, such as the intake of isoflavonoid phytoestrogens, are increasingly explored due to the risk of mortality and long-term morbidity associated with surgical procedures. The biological effects of prunetin, one of the less-studied phytoestrogens, have not yet been examined in this respect. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the efficacy of prunetin on urinary bladder cancer cells (RT-4). Cytotoxicity, nitric oxide synthase activity, apoptotic gene expression and cell cycle assays were performed to determine the biological effect of prunetin exposure on cellular toxicity, cell cycle progression and the expresions of selected apoptosis-related genes. The results suggested that prunetin has cytotoxic effects on RT-4 cells at 21.11 µg/mL. Flow cytometry analysis showed that prunetin induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrested in G0/G1 phase. Prunetin exposure was associated with increases in CASP3 and TNF-α gene expression in RT-4 cells at doses of 21.11 µg/mL and 42.22 µg/mL. Strong nitric oxide inhibition was determined with IC50 of 5.18 µg/mL under macrophage mediated inflammatory circumstances. Based on the experimental data, it is reasonable to conclude that prunetin possesses anti-cancer properties and may be a candidate compound for the prevention of urinary bladder cancer. This is the first study that evaluated prunetin for its in vitro antitumor activities, clarified its possible apoptotic molecular mechanism and provided novel insights into its anti-inflammatory nature and effects on the expression of related key genes.