bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1439Hepatitis B prevalence in the Indian Subcontinent: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hogan Sam , McBride Kate , Page Andrew , Dixit Sameer 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are a major global health burden. Although a vaccine exists for HBV, some developing nations still struggle to reduce prevalence. While the countries within the Indian Subcontinent have vaccination programs, HBV prevalence varies. It is important to identify population groups at risk.

Methods
Several databases were systematically searched for papers appropriate studies. Studies were included if the sample population lived within one of the selected countries and had no other existing health issues. The studies were assessed for risk of bias, and pooled estimates were created. Subgroups which were assessed included countries, sex, rural and urban populations.

Results
The pooled prevalence of all studies (N = 56) was 4%. For the countries with multiple included studies, the prevalence for India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal were calculated as 3%, 6%, 5% and 1% respectively. Most of the studies were assessed as being of reasonable quality. There was a chance that publication bias was present.

Conclusions
While some of the populations had the expected prevalence for the country in which the study was set, other subpopulations had higher prevalence. The highest HBV prevalence was found in displaced persons and those engaging in risk taking behaviours, however some high prevalence groups did not have a clear reason.

Key messages
Although HBV prevalence in general is lower at present than in the past, there are still at-risk groups with higher prevalence than the general population.
397A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials on Calcium Intake for Obesity Indices
Authors: Hong Jee Yeon , Lee Ji Seon , Woo Hye Won , Om Ae Son , Kim Mi Kyung 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
There was no consistent finding of changes of obesity indices including fat mass by calcium supplements and dairy products intervention. Therefore, we conducted the meta-analysis of evidence on calcium supplements and dairy products (≥ 12 weeks) on changes in the obesity index (fat mass, as well as weight, body mass index, waist circumference) from randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods
We searched for original articles during the last 10 years until August 19, 2019, using PubMed and EMBASE. The extracted data were analysed with random effects, inverse variance model using Review Manager 5.3 ver.

Results
Finally, ten RCTs with calcium supplements and fourteen RCTs with dairy products among adults aged 18 years old or over were selected. The intervention with calcium supplements showed significant change of fat mass (SMD, 95% CI; -0.21 [-0.37, -0.04], p = 0.02), but not in changes in body weight (p = 0.45), BMI (p = 0.14) and WC (p = 0.88). Dairy products also showed significant results in changes of fat mass (SMD, 95% CI; -0.51 [-0.90, -0.11], p = 0.01) as well as BMI (WMD, 95% CI; -0.46 [-0.67, -0.26], p &lt; 0.00001), but not in changes of body weight (p = 0.70) and WC (p = 0.27).

Conclusions
The fat mass may be reduced by both calcium supplements and dairy products intervention over 12 weeks among adults 18 years old or over. Dairy products may be beneficial for BMI reduction.

Key messages
Dietary calcium intake might reduce fat mass in adults (≥ 18 years).
1001Spatio-temporal epidemiology of mumps and related region factors in Korea
Authors: Hong Kwan , Hwang Hari , Chun Byung Chul 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Mumps is in Korea's national immunization program, though there are still epidemics, especially in young age. The study's objectives are to establish the epidemiological characteristics of mumps and suggest the predicting factors.

Methods
We extracted cases from national health insurance data, between 2013 and 2017. Age-specific incidence rate and geographical distribution were evaluated. We tested for spatial autocorrelation by Moran’s I statistics with Delaunary triangular links. Simultaneous autoregressive model for cumulative incidence of mumps using triangular links was used to predict cumulative incidence with region specific factors.

Results
A total of 219,149 (85.12 per 100,000) were diagnosed and 23,805 (9.25 per 100,000) were hospitalized. Weekly cumulative incidence showed two epidemics every year, between weeks 20-25 and 40-45. Cumulative incidence of ages 10-19 was the highest, 332.21 per 100,000 people, followed by 300.75 per 100,000 people in ages 0-9. Geographical distribution showed clusters of epidemics, and Moran’s I statistics was 0.304 with a p-value &lt;0.01. The Simultaneous autoregressive model estimated the mean age and hospital resources of each region as prediction factors for geographical distribution of mumps.

Conclusions
Mumps is common in children and peaks in summer and winter. Additionally, there are geographical clusters in epidemics, and the effect of region factors such as mean age and hospital resources are suspected.

Key messages
Two peaks in age and season appear in mumps in Korea. Clusters of geographical distribution indicate that region factors may affect the incidence.
200Pneumonia hospitalization and the subsequent risk of incident ischemic cardiovascular disease in Chinese adults
Authors: Hu Yizhen , Yu Canqing , Guo Yu , Bian Zheng , Han Yuting , Yang Ling , Chen Yiping , Du Huaidong , Sun Dianjianyi , Chen Junshi , Chen Zhengming , Lv Jun , Li Liming 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Acute respiratory infections have been associated with a transient increase in cardiovascular risk. However, whether such an association persists beyond one month, and the potential modifying effect of cardiovascular risk factors on such an association is less well established.

Methods
The China Kadoorie Biobank study enrolled 512,726 participants from 10 areas across China during 2004-08. By the end of 2017, a total of 5,444 participants with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and 4,846 with ischemic stroke (IS) who also had at least a record of hospitalization for pneumonia during follow-up were included. We used a self-controlled case series method and calculated the age- and season-adjusted relative incidences (RIs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for ischemic cardiovascular disease (CVD) after pneumonia.

Results
The risk of ischemic CVD increased during days 1-3 after pneumonia hospitalization, with a RI (95% CI) of 4.24 (2.92-6.15) for IHD and 1.85 (1.02-3.35) for IS. The risk gradually reduced with longer duration since pneumonia hospitalization but remained elevated until days 92-365 for IHD (1.23, 1.12-1.35), and days 29-91 for IS (1.25, 1.05-1.48). Pre-existing cardiovascular risk factors amplified the associations between pneumonia and ischemic CVD risks. Besides, the risk of ischemic CVD was also higher among the participants aged ≥70 years (Pinteraction&lt;0.001 for IHD and =0.033 for IS).

Conclusions
Among middle-aged and older Chinese adults, pneumonia hospitalization was associated with both short- and long-term increases in ischemic CVD risk for up to one year.

Key messages
Pneumonia hospitalizations were associated with increased subsequent risk of ischemic CVD.
550Short-term exposure to grass pollen is associated with lower lung function and increased airway inflammation
Authors: Sabrina Idrose N. , Tham Rachel , Lodge Caroline , Lowe Adrian , Bui Dinh , Perret Jennifer , Vicendese Don , Newbigin Ed , Tang Mimi , Aldakheel Fahad , Douglass Jo , Abramson Michael , Walters Haydn , Erbas Bircan , Dharmage Shyamali 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
The association between grass pollen exposure and lung function changes and airway inflammation is limited. We investigated these associations in a community-based sample, and whether any such associations were modified by current asthma, current hay fever, pollen sensitization and age.

Methods
Cross-sectional analyses of data from the Melbourne Atopy Cohort Study (MACS) participants (n = 936). Lung function was assessed using spirometry. Airway inflammation was assessed by fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), and exhaled breath condensate pH and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Daily pollen counts were collected using a volumetric spore trap. The associations were examined by linear regression.

Results
Higher ambient levels of grass pollen 2 days before (lag 2) were associated with lower mid-forced expiratory flow (FEF25-75%) and FEV1/FVC ratio (Coef. [95% CI] = -119 [-226, -11] mL/s and -1.0 [-3.0, -0.03] %, respectively) and also 3 days before (lag 3). Increased levels of grass pollen a day before (lag 1) was associated with increased FeNO (4.35 [-0.1, 8.7] ppb) and also at lag 2. Adverse associations between pollen and multiple outcomes were greater in adults with current asthma, hay fever and pollen sensitization.

Conclusions
Grass pollen exposure was associated with eosinophilic airway inflammation 1-2 days after exposure and airway obstruction 2-3 days after exposure.

Key messages
There is a more delayed effect on lung function compared to airway inflammation. Adults with current asthma, hay fever and grass pollen sensitisation are especially vulnerable.
1249Trends and disparities in adult body mass index across 47 prefectures in Japan, 1975–2018
Authors: Ikeda Nayu , Nakaya Tomoki , Bennett James , Ezzati Majid , Nishi Nobuo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Consistent and comparable health information across prefectures is necessary for monitoring progress in improving population health and reducing geographic health disparities in Japan. We aimed to examine long-term trends and variations in adult body mass index (BMI) by prefecture.

Methods
We obtained a total sample of 233,988 males and 261,086 females aged 20–79 years with anthropometric measurements from National Health and Nutrition Surveys conducted annually during 1975–2018. We applied a spatio-temporal Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the annual time series of prefectural mean BMI by 20-year age group and sex.

Results
Prefectural mean BMI consistently increased in males regardless of age but decreased in younger females. It increased in older females until starting to decrease in the early 2000s. Mean BMI was noticeably higher in Okinawa, the southernmost prefecture, than in other prefectures from 1975 in males and from the 1990s in females. The interquartile range of mean BMI across prefectures was consistently higher in females than in males. It decreased over time to plateau during the 2000s in both sexes.

Conclusions
Mean BMI increased in males across prefectures and there is a need for stimulating a further reduction in geographic disparities particularly for females. Okinawa once ranked first in longevity but has shown relatively poor performance in recent years, which may be partly attributable to the distinctive trends in adult BMI.

Key messages
Bayesian hierarchical modelling is useful for reconstructing long-term spatio-temporal trends of mean BMI by integrating small-size survey samples.
1045Patterns, predictors and outcomes of opioid use in Australia: evidence for an epidemic?
Authors: Ilomaki Jenni , Lalic Samanta , Gisev Natasa , Nielsen Suzanne 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Focus and outcomes for participants
This symposium will focus on evidence from pharmacoepidemiological research on prevalence and incidence of prescription opioid prevalence, opioid utilisation patterns and related harms in Australia. The symposium will also discuss interventions to reduce opioid-related harm. The speakers will discuss how opioid use and prescribing culture has evolved over the last two decades and provide insight from recent research using big data analysis on prescription opioid use and related outcomes.

Rationale for the symposium, including for its inclusion in the Congress
In 2016, there were 679 overdose deaths involving opioid pain medications in Australia, with the majority of these deaths unintentional. There is growing concern that harm from opioid pain medications in Australia may mimic the situation in the United States and Canada, where the problem has been labelled an epidemic.
Recent Monash led research using Australia’s Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme data for 2013 to 2018 found that approximately 3 million Australians adults use opioids each year and approximately 1.9 million adults start taking opioids. Of this population of adults that start using opioids, 2.6% become long-term users for over a year. Long-term use and the use of strong opioids are associated with a range of adverse health outcomes. High-dose opioid use has also been associated with falls, fractures, hospitalisations and motor vehicle injuries.
The rationale of this symposium is to draw on the expertise of the presenters and share innovative epidemiological and data analysis methods to understand opioid use in the Australian context. The creation of such a forum at the World Congress will allow for enhanced knowledge sharing on both a national and international platform and assist in planning strategies to better anticipate and manage potential harms when opioid pain medications are initiated.

Presentation program
The Symposium consists of four presentations:

Names of presenters

Names of facilitator or chair
Professor Danny Liew, Deputy Head of School, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
Ms. Michelle Steeper, Research Officer, Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
1372Food-network Analysis: The impact of change in food intake on other foods and energy intake
Authors: Iqbal Khalid , Walter Antonia , Schwingshackl Lukas , Schwedhelm Carolina , Knüppel Sven , Boeing Heiner 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Intake of most foods show correlations with other foods implying that change in the intake of one food affects the intake of other foods. However, it is unclear whether such relationships are quantitatively meaningful and should be considered when a change in dietary intake is suggested.

Methods
We used data from European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Potsdam and the previously published pairwise partial correlations between 49 food groups and calculated the impact of modifications in three correlated food groups that are relevant for public health, i.e. whole grain bread, white bread and processed meat, on intakes of other foods and total energy.

Results
Increase in the quantities of whole grain bread by 25% resulted in lowered white bread quantities both in men (7%) and women (8%). A 25% decrease in quantity of white bread resulted in increased quantities of whole grain bread (10-11%) and decreased (6%) in processed meat. Lowering intake of processed meat by 25% resulted in lower intakes of refined bread in both sexes. A simultaneous increase of whole grain bread and decrease in white bread and processed meat amplified the desirable benefit by increasing intake of whole grain bread by 12 g in men and 16 g in women. Simultaneous modification of all three food groups resulted in an overall decrease of 212 Kcal in men and 121 Kcal in women.

Conclusions
In conclusion, this study could show that the interdependencies between the intakes of foods affect not only the implicated food of an intended change but the whole diet including energy intake.

Key messages
Food networks has the potential to identify optimum changes required to achieve desired modification in dietary intake.
486Serum levels of miRNA-221 and -222 may be predictive biomarkers for cognitive decline
Authors: Ishihara Yuya , Yamada Hiroya , Munetuna Eiji , Hagiwara Chiharu , Fujii Ryosuke , Yamazaki Mirai , Hatta Takeshi , Iwahara Akihiko , Ohashi Koji , Ishikawa Hiroaki , Ando Yoshitaka , Mizuno Genki , Tuboi Yoshiki , Suzuki Koji 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Although dementia is a huge problem in public health, no fundamental biomarker has been established to detect cognitive decline at the early stage. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression, and are associated with the development of various diseases.

Methods
The subjects of this prospective study were 162 (75 men, 87 women) residents who attended a health examination in Yakumo town in Hokkaido, in 2012 and re-attended at least once while 2013 to 2015. Serum samples were collected in 2012 and serum miRNA were measured by qRT-PCR. We used a short version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (SMMSE) to screen cognitive function, and calculated the change in SMMSE score per year. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of serum miRNA levels for cognitive decline (decrease of greater than 0.5 points per year) using the lowest tertile group of miRNAs as the reference by logistic regression analysis.

Results
The mean age and change in SMMSE score of the subjects was 63.9±9.6 years and -0.03±1.19 points. Odds ratios (ORs) for cognitive decline were significantly higher in the highest tertile of serum miR-221 (OR = 3.24, 95%CI=1.20-8.72) and miR-222 (OR = 4.01, 95%CI=1.36-11.80) even if confounding factors were adjusted.

Conclusions
High serum levels of miR-221 and -222 were significantly associated with cognitive decline.

Key messages
High serum levels of miR-221 and -222 may be potential candidate biomarkers for prediction of cognitive decline.
1508Comparison of two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Rural Bikaner: A record based analysis
Authors: Joshi Doctor Shree Mohan , Acharya Doctor Rekha , Meena Doctor Rati Ram 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
In comparison to the slow progression of first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, by March 2021, the second wave appeared to be much more aggressive with many more cases. We aimed to evaluate reported COVID-19 epidemiology data to better understand the pandemic's progression in Rural Bikaner.

Methods
A record-based descriptive analysis study between first and second covid-19 waves, on the variables of interest including positivity rates, case fatality rate, demographic profile of positive patients.

Results
the daily reported cases at the peak of the first wave in rural area in 2020 was 20-25 cases per day and in second wave number of cases was increased double to first wave. Death rate and severity was also increased in second wave. In second wave the mean age of positive patients was decreased.

Conclusions
In our analysis rural area had a more severe second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic than the first and highlights the importance of examining multiple epidemiological variables down to the regional and country levels over time. These country-specific and regional results informed the implementation of continent-wide initiatives and supported equitable distribution of supplies and technical assistance. Monitoring and analysis of these data over time are essential for continued situational awareness, especially as Member States attempt to balance controlling COVID-19 transmission with ensuring stable economies and livelihoods.

Key messages
Demographic profile of rural area plays a key role in spread of Covid-19 cases.
850Description of total population hospital admissions for Craniosynostosis in Australia
Authors: Junaid Mohammed , Slack-Smith Linda , Leonard Helen , Wong Kingsley 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Craniosysnostosis (CS) is a condition ensuing from premature fusion of cranial sutures, resulting in altered craniofacial morphology, requiring early neurosurgical interventions to improve prognosis and outcomes. This study aimed to describe total population hospital admissions related to craniosynostosis in Australia over a 22-year period.

Methods
Population summary data for admissions to public and private hospitals were obtained from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare National Hospital Morbidity Database (July 1996 to June 2018). The primary outcome variable was a hospital separation with the principal diagnosis of craniosynostosis, craniodysostosis or acrocephalosyndactyly (ICD9CM diagnosis codes 756.00 and 756.01 between July 1996– June 1998 and ICD10AM diagnosis codes Q75.0, Q75.1 and Q87.02 for July 1998 onwards). Trends in rates of hospital admission and length of stay by age, gender and type of craniosynostosis were investigated by negative binomial regression.

Results
A total of 8,115 admissions were identified between July 1996 to June 2018. Marginal decrease in hospital admission rates [-0.02 (95%CI 0.03, 0.001)] has been observed over a duration of 22 years. Admissions were higher for males, infants (&lt;1 year) and nonsyndromic cases of disease. Average length of stay at hospitals for CS was calculated to be 5.3 ± 1.3 days per year which were even lengthier with syndromic conditions.

Conclusion
This study has identified population level trends in hospital separation for craniosynostosis in Australia.

Key Message
Population administrative data, despite limitations provides useful information to inform research and practice.
1113Depressive symptoms and objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour in adolescents
Authors: Kandola Aaron 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Physical activity and sedentary behaviour could be crucial risk factors for adolescent depression. This is the first study to use objective physical activity and sedentary behaviour measure to examine their association with depression in adolescents.

Methods
We analysed accelerometer data from population-based adolescents at ages 12, 14, and 16 and depressive symptoms at age 18. We used negative binomial regression and group-based trajectory models to analyse the data.

Results
We found that total physical activity decreased between 12 years and 16 years of age, driven by a decline in light activity and increase in sedentary behaviour. Each additional 60-minute increase in daily sedentary behaviour at ages 12, 14, and 16 was associated with an increased depression score at age 18 of 11·1% (95% CI, 5·1, 17·6), 8% (95% CI, 1·2, 15·2), and 10·5% (95% CI, 1·5, 20·8), respectively. Depression scores at age 18 were 9·6% (95% CI, 3·9, 15), 7.8% (95% CI, 0·8, 14.3), and 11·1% (95% CI, 2·6, 19.1) lower per additional 60-minutes of daily light activity time at ages 12, 14, and 16. These findings were robust to a series of sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions
Sedentary behaviour displaces light activity throughout adolescence and is associated with a higher risk of depressive symptoms at 18 years of age.

Key messages
Increasing light activity and decreasing sedentary behaviour during adolescence could be an important target for public health interventions aimed at reducing the prevalence of depression.