bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1025Social interaction of middle-aged and older people with and without cardiovascular disease in Australia
Authors: Sayeed Muhammad Shahdaat Bin , Joshy Grace , Banks Emily , Korda Rosemary 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Social interaction is important for social wellbeing and may be adversely affected in people with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Large-scale evidence on social interaction among older people with versus without CVD is limited. We quantified and compared social interaction in older people with and without CVD.

Methods
Survey data (2006-2009) from the 45 and Up Study were linked to hospitalisations data through CHeReL to ascertain CVD status. Four items from the Duke Social Support Index (social-visits/week, telephone-contacts/week, social-group-contact/week, and number of people to depend on) were examined, using generalised linear models to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) of no social interaction in people with versus without CVD, adjusting for relevant factors, and separately according to CVD subtype and level of physical disability.

Results
There were 266,504 study participants, 21.4% had CVD. People with CVD were 8%, (95%CI: 5-11%), 7% (2-12%), 4% (3-5%) and 7% (3-11%) more likely than people without CVD to have no social-visits/week, telephone-contacts/week, social-group-meetings/week and people to depend on respectively. The magnitude but not direction of results varied by CVD subtype. People with CVD and severe physical functioning limitations were 30-80% more likely than those with neither of these to have no social interaction.

Conclusions
Levels of social interaction were slightly lower in people with versus without CVD, but they varied by social interaction items, CVD subtypes, population characteristics and physical disability.

Key messages
Management to improve quality of life for people living with CVD should consider the role of physical disability for social connectedness.
1369Probabilistic data linkage of health facility and individual data using PMA2020 surveys
Authors: Blumenberg Cauane , Hellwig Franciele , Barros Aluisio 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Most studies rely on clustered analyses to study how the characteristics of health facilities influence individual outcomes. Our aim was to perform a probabilistic linkage between individual and health facility data to enable individual-level analyses.

Methods
We linked data from the most recent female questionnaire from 11 countries monitored by the Performance Monitoring for Action 2020 to a master health facility dataset (appending all rounds of surveys). Only women that reported which type of facility they visited were considered in the analysis. A probabilistic linkage was performed using 13 blocking variables (e.g., facility type and cluster of residence/location of the woman/facility) and 11 matching variables (e.g., types of contraceptive methods used/offered by the women/facility). Each concordant matching variable received a + 1 score, or a 0 score otherwise. We assessed linkage quality by pooled odds ratio of non-matches according to wealth tertiles (richest vs. poorest) and area of residence (urban vs. rural) using a meta-analytical approach.

Results
A total of 21,102 women and 7,056 facilities were considered in the linkage process. The average match rate was 57.9%, ranging from 42.5% in Indonesia to 69.1% in Burkina Faso. The pooled odds of non-match were 74% higher for the richest women compared to the poorest, and 67% higher for women living in urban areas compared to rural areas.

Conclusions
High match rates were achieved in countries with sufficient information on public and private facilities. The lack of information about private facilities contributed to the higher odds of non-match among the better off.

Key messages
We performed a probabilistic linkage approach to link individual and health facility data, making it possible to understand how the characteristics of health facilities can influence individual-level outcomes. Our findings also bring light to the importance of sampling both public and private facilities, aiming to maximise match rates and reduce differences on match rates according to socio demographic characteristics of the sample.
535The epidemiology of all-cause and cause-specific mortality following release from prison in 11 countries
Authors: Borschmann Rohan , Tibble Holly , Spittal Matthew , Preen David , Pirkis Jane , Larney Sarah , Rosen David , Young Jesse , Kinner Stuart 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
More than 30 million adults are released from incarceration globally each year. Many experience complex physical and mental health problems, and are at markedly increased risk of preventable mortality. Despite this, evidence regarding the global epidemiology of mortality following release from incarceration is insufficient to inform the development of targeted, evidence-based responses. Many previous studies have suffered from inadequate power and poor precision, and even large studies have limited capacity to disaggregate data by specific causes of death, sub-populations or time since release to answer questions of clinical and public health relevance.

Methods
We aimed to comprehensively document the incidence, timing, causes and risk factors for mortality in adults released from incarceration. We created the Mortality After Release from Incarceration Consortium (MARIC), a multi-disciplinary collaboration representing 29 cohorts of adults who have experienced incarceration from 11 countries. Findings across cohorts will be analysed using a two-step, individual participant data meta-analysis methodology.

Results
Using linked data from the 29 individual cohorts, the combined sample includes 1,337,993 individuals (89% male), with 75,795 deaths recorded over 9,191,393 person-years of follow-up. Preliminary analyses indicate a marked elevation in mortality risk following release from incarceration, with this risk beginning on the day of release. At the time of writing, more detailed analyses are underway regarding all-cause and cause-specific deaths – along with risk and protective factors – and findings will be presented at the WCE conference.

Conclusions
The MARIC consortium represents an important advancement in the field, bringing international attention to this problem.

Key messages
The MARIC consortium will provide internationally relevant evidence to guide policymakers and clinicians in reducing preventable deaths in this marginalised population.
1281Prevalence and associated factors of cigarette smoking among youth population in Brazil: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Brito Emerson , Bessel Marina , Moreno Flávia , Kops Natália , Wendland Eliana 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
The transition of adolescence to adulthood involves a variety of physical, behavioral and social transformations including try tobacco product. Understand smoking at this stage is important to tobacco control. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the use of cigarette smoking in Brazilian youth.

Methods
Nationwide study including participants aged 16 to 25 years from all Brazilian capitals between September/2016-December/2017. A standardized questionnaire with behavioral questions was applied by trained health care professionals. The sample was weighted in each capital by age range and sex.

Results
Of 8,581 participants (50.8% women), 15.1% were smokers and 20% former smokers. The average age of first use was 15.5 years. Smoking in men was higher than women (20.1% vs. 10.3%, p &lt; 0.001). Those with elementary school smoked twice more compared to high school (25.6% vs. 13.6%, p &lt; 0.001). Smoking was also associated to do not have a current partner when compared to those with partner (18.3% vs. 14.1%, p = 0.031), and who have had previous homosexual relationship (30.5%) compared to heterosexual individuals (12.5%, p &lt; 0.001). In addition, smoking was associated to the regular use of alcohol compared to those who do not use (28.1% vs. 3.8%, p &lt; 0.001). Skin color and social economic class didn’t show significant differences.

Conclusions
In this study be a man, have low education, a homosexual and alcohol use is associated to smoking among young. These findings are important for creation of policies to combat and prevent smoking in this population.

Key message
Smoking data among young people is important to direct new heath policies.
409The Word Gap: At What Age Does it Emerge? Results from a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Brushe Mary , Lynch John , Reilly Sheena , Melhuish Edward , Brinkman Sally 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Language is a critical development accomplishment of early childhood, enabling later literacy, education and employment. Previous studies have highlighted socioeconomic inequalities in the amount parents speak to their child, with researchers estimating by age four parents from professional backgrounds spoke 30 million more words to their children, than parents who were on welfare.

Methods
This study utilises innovative speech recognition technology called Language Environment Analysis (LENA), which counts the number of words children hear and speak over a day. LENA data is collected once every six months from 6 – 48 months of age, across two cohorts of children who are stratified by two levels of maternal education to examine the effects across socioeconomic groups.

Results
Results from the first three waves of data collection demonstrate that differences between education groups in the number of adult words spoken to the child are not evident until the children are 18 months old. Average change in adult word counts per day by maternal education show there is a difference of 17 words at 6 months, 568 words at 12 months and 3,851 words at 18 months.

Conclusions
This is the first study to be able to identify the age when socioeconomic differences in the amount of talk emerge. This has significant implications for the timing of interventions aiming to reduce the word gap, suggesting targeting the implementation of programs prior to 18 months.

Key messages
Socioeconomic differences in the amount parents talk to their children do not emerge until children are 18 months old.
1526Survival of hospitalized COVID-19 patients with multimorbidity in Hidalgo Mexico
Authors: Bustos-Vazquez Eduardo , Padilla-González Eduardo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
The growing number of patients with complex clinical profiles has contributed to the increasingly deaths. The aim is to estimate survival and risk factors associated with hospitalized COVID-19 patients with multimorbidity in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico during 2020 to April 2021.

Material and Methods
An observational, longitudinal, prospective and analytical study was carried out in 11,955 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with multimorbidity from the Epidemiological Surveillance System for Respiratory Disease of Hidalgo. The variables of interest were survival of hospital stay per day and multimorbidity adjusted for age, sex, occupation, days of demand for care, and days of mechanical ventilation use. Kapplan-Meiner estimators, Log-Rank tests and Cox proportional hazard method were using.

Results
Hospitalized COVID-19 patients with multimorbidity survival was 53.5%. The probability of survival is reduced to 50% from day 17 of hospital stay. The shortest survival rate corresponds to cases with Hypertension + Chronic Kidney Disease (RR: 9.46, 95% CI 2.63-37.92), Diabetes + Hypertension + Chronic Kidney Disease (RR: 1.83, 95% CI 1.52-2.20), Diabetes + Hypertension + Obesity (RR: 1.35, 95% CI 1.16-1.57) and Diabetes + Hypertension (RR: 1.31, 95% CI 1.19-1.45). The use of mechanical ventilation for more than 14 days increases the survival rate (RR: 0.53, 95% CI 0.49-0.57). The survival rate from occupation increase in employees, students and health workers compared to the unemployed.

Conclusions
Multimorbidity increases the effect of the clinical and epidemiological interrelationships of the coexistence of multiple diseases in the same individual and reduces the survival of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients.
1389Do associations between a healthy lifestyle and incidence of cancer differ by genetic risk?
Authors: Byrne Stephanie , Boyle Terry , Benyamin Beben , Lee Sang Hong , Ahmed Muktar , Hypponen Elina 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
It is unknown whether relationships between lifestyle and cancer differ by genetic risk. We investigated this for 13 cancer types using prospective data from the UK Biobank.

Methods
In 2006-2010, participants aged 37-73 years completed an assessment and provided biological samples. Those of European ancestry with no history of malignant cancer were included in our analysis (n = 196,485). For each individual, a healthy lifestyle index (HLI) was calculated based on recommendations, and polygenic risk scores (PRSs) were computed for 13 cancer types. Relationships with cancer incidence were assessed by cox regression, adjusting for age, sex, assessment centre, birth location, and measures of socioeconomic status. Interactions between the HLI and PRSs were explored.

Results
For all cancer outcomes, a high genetic risk was associated with an increased cancer risk, or there was a trend in that direction. Those in the top PRS tertile had a greater than 2-fold increased risk of colorectal cancer (HR[95%CI]=2.18[1.90,2.49]), pancreatic cancer (2.39[1.71,3.32]) and lymphocytic leukemia (2.45[1.67,3.59]). An unhealthy lifestyle was associated with a higher cancer risk for 8 cancer types, with strong relationships observed for lung (3.41[2.76,4.20]), pancreatic (2.06[1.47,2.91]), bladder (1.95[1.43,2.66]) and kidney cancers (1.90[1.43,2.54]). No interactions between HLI and PRSs were detected (all interaction p-values&gt;0.10).

Conclusions
Associations between lifestyle and cancer incidence did not differ by genetic risk.

Key messages
A healthy lifestyle can reduce the risk of several cancers, even in those who are genetically predisposed to develop cancer.
312Long-term survival of women diagnosed with cancer during pregnancy or postpartum
Authors: Cairncross Zoe , Shack Lorraine , Nelson Gregg , Friedenreich Christine , Ray Joel , Sikdar Khokan , Fell Deshayne , Lisonkova Sarka , McMorris Carly , Bhatti Parveen , Metcalfe Amy 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in reproductive-aged women, and the incidence of pregnancy-associated cancer is rising. We assessed long-term survival of women diagnosed with cancer during pregnancy or postpartum.

Methods
A population-based retrospective cohort study included all reproductive-aged women (18-50 years) with a cancer diagnosis in Alberta, Canada, 2004 to 2016. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated for all-cause and cancer-specific mortality, comparing 244 women who were diagnosed with cancer during pregnancy and 670 women diagnosed with cancer within one year postpartum, with 3,680 women diagnosed with cancer outside of these periods as the referent. Cox regression adjusted for age at cancer diagnosis, parity, cancer stage, and type of cancer.

Results
Rates of cancer in pregnancy and postpartum did not increase across the study period (trend p-value=0.49). Women diagnosed with cancer in pregnancy had an adjusted HR of 1.61 (95% CI 1.07-2.41) for all-cause mortality, 1.67 (95% CI 1.09-2.57) for cancer-specific mortality, relative to the referent. Those diagnosed with cancer postpartum did not have a greater risk of all-cause (HR = 1.10, 95% CI 0.80-1.50) or cancer-specific (HR = 1.15, 95% CI 0.82-1.60) mortality.

Conclusions
The risk of all-cause and cancer-specific mortality is increased in women diagnosed with cancer during pregnancy.

Key messages
Women diagnosed with cancer during pregnancy experience poorer survival than those diagnosed in postpartum or remote from a pregnancy. These findings should be used by physicians to guide care of women diagnosed with pregnancy-associated cancers.
810Geographical disparities in diagnosis of myeloproliferative neoplasms in Australia
Authors: Cameron Jessica , Fritschi Lin , Ross David , Anderson Lesley Ann , Cramb Susanna , Aitken Joanne , Mengersen Dist Kerrie , Duncan Earl , Baade Peter 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a relatively new group of blood cancers arising from genetic mutations in haematopoietic stem cells. Diagnostic delay is associated with thromboses, strokes and heart attacks. We investigated geographic variation in diagnosis and survival for classic MPNs.

Methods
Data for classic MPNs were obtained from the Australian Cancer Database. Leroux spatial models for incidence and survival were fitted using CARBayes, WinBUGS via R and tests for spatial clustering were conducted.

Results
The age-standardised incidence rate was 4.9 (95% CI: 4.8-5.0) per 100,000 person-years during 2007-2016 with relative survival of 78% (77%, 79%) at 5 years after diagnosis.
Strong evidence of spatial variation in incidence was observed (p &lt; 0.001), with incidence rates low in Tasmania (4.2 per 100,000 person-years, 95% CI: 3.5-5.0) and Western Australia (6.1, 5.6-6.6) and high in Victoria (9.5, 9.2-9.9) and Queensland (10.6, 10.2-11.1).
Differences between states and territories could not be explained by population rates of genetic testing or the proportion of registered cases with histological evidence.

Conclusions
Stark spatial differences in incidence rates of classic MPNs suggest that varying diagnosis and registration patterns between states results in under-recognition, and potentially undertreatment. It is imperative that reporting is consistent so that sound evidence is available for efforts to reduce disparities in diagnosis and management.

Key messages
Early identification of MPNs is crucial, however, strong spatial geographical variation in incidence rates suggest diagnostic and notification practices may not be consistent across the country.
402Measles vaccine coverage: The rise of vaccine hesitancy in upper-middle income countries
Authors: Cata-preta Bianca , Santos Thiago M , Barros Aluisio JD , Victora Cesar G , Wehrmeister Fernando C 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
With the rise of vaccine hesitancy, which is allegedly more frequent among rich families, we hypothesized that the classical pattern of a positive gradient in coverage with rising wealth may no longer be observable in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Methods
We analysed DHS and MICS surveys conducted from 2010-2018 in 88 LMICs. We estimated inequality in measles vaccination coverage by wealth quintile for children aged 12-23 months using the Slope Index of Inequality (SII). Negative SII values indicate higher coverage among poor children. We correlated the SII with per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP), using countries as the units.

Results
Pearson’s correlation coefficient between SII and log per capita GDP was -0.35 (p &lt; 0.001). The percentages of countries with higher coverage among children from poor families than among those from wealthy families were 14%, 21% and 54% in low, lower-middle and upper-middle income countries (p level for trend=0.001), respectively (Figure 1).

Conclusions
Our results are consistent with lower vaccination coverage among the wealthy when compared to poor families in countries with higher per capita GDPs.

Key messages
Vaccine hesitancy was initially detected in high-income countries, but our analyses show that it is also present in upper-middle income countries.
596Two approaches for estimating propensity score weights for examining neighbourhood built environment and walking changes
Authors: Christie Chelsea , Vena Jennifer , Friedenreich Christine , McCormack Gavin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Walking is associated with the built environment, however, this association may be biased by residential self-selection. This study examined how walking duration changed with residential relocation, while accounting for unbalanced covariates that may contribute to residential self-selection, using two different propensity score inverse probability weight (IPW) methods.

Methods
Urban participants (n = 703) of Alberta’s Tomorrow Project with pre- and post-relocation neighbourhood built environment and walking data were included. A walkability index was created by aggregating estimates for population density, street connectivity, and destination diversity. Participants were categorized into three groups based on change in residential walkability (decreased, minimal change, or increased). The association between changes in walkability and walking duration (min/week) was modelled with linear regression. Two types of IPWs were applied: 1) manually generated from multinomial regression models, and 2) generated from generalized boosted models.

Results
All three groups increased walking duration from pre- to post-relocation, however the largest increase was among participants who had increased walkability (M = 73.2, SD = 388), followed by those with minimal change (M = 60.0, SD = 382) and decreased (M = 50.2, SD = 374) walkability. Longitudinal associations between walkability change and walking were not statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05) in models with or without IPWs.

Conclusions
Changes in neighbourhood walkability were not associated with changes in walking, regardless of how the sample was weighted. Further research should examine changes in the neighbourhood environment with different types of walking and physical activity behaviours.

Key messages
IPW methods can be used to account for unbalanced covariates in analyses that involve possible self-selection bias.
1518Preterm birth and trajectories of cardiometabolic health measures from birth to adulthood
Authors: Clayton Gemma , Howe Laura , O’Keeffe Linda , Lewandowski Adam , Lawlor Deborah , Fraser Abigail 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Preterm birth is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk, but it is unclear when this risk emerges. We compared life course trajectories from birth to adulthood of multiple cardiometabolic health measures in adults born preterm compared with term.

Methods
Multilevel models were used to compare trajectories from birth to age 25 years of BMI, fat mass, lean mass, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), lipids, glucose and insulin, between participants born preterm (N = 311-560) and term (N = 5365-9262) in a contemporary UK birth cohort study. We also investigated gestational age as a continuum.

Results
Systolic and diastolic BP were higher at age 7 (mean predicted differences 0.8mmHg; 95%CI -0.1, 1.7 and 0.7mmHg; 95%CI 0.03, 1.3, respectively). The difference in SBP persisted and in DBP disappeared by 25 years. Preterm participants had lower BMI between 7 and 18 years, but by age 25, there was no difference. Lean mass and fat mass (measured from age 9 only) trajectories were consistent with BMI. HDL-c was higher, and triglycerides lower at birth in those born preterm, but this difference disappeared by 25 years. No other differences were found.

Conclusions
There were few, modest differences in cardiometabolic health measures during early life in those born preterm versus term. All disappeared by age 25, except SBP. Longer follow-up is needed to establish if and when trajectories diverge.

Key messages
By age 25, there were no differences in measures of cardiometabolic health between people born preterm and term except for a higher SBP in those born preterm.