bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluidized bed hydrodynamic modeling of CO2 in syngas: Distorted RTD curves due to adsorption on FCC
Authors: Bérard Ariane , Blais Bruno , Patience Gregory S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBubbles rising through fluidized beds at velocities several times superficial velocities contribute to solids backmixing. In micro‐fluidized beds, the walls constrain bubble sizes and velocities. To evaluate gas‐phase hydrodynamics and identify diffusional contributions to longitudinal dispersion, we injected a mixture of H2, CH4, CO, and CO2 (syngas) as a bolus into a fluidized bed of porous fluid catalytic cracking catalyst while a mass‐spectrometer monitored the effluent gas concentrations at 2 Hz. The CH4, CO, and CO2 trailing RTD traces were elongated versus H2 demonstrating a chromatographic effect. An axial dispersion model accounted for 92% of the variance but including diffusional resistance between the bulk gas and catalyst pores and adsorption explained 98.6% of the variability. At 300°C, the CO2 tailing disappeared consistent with expectations in chromatography (no adsorption). H2 and He are poor gas‐phase tracers at ambient temperature. We recommend measuring RTD at operating conditions.
Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed N‐Carbonylative Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Sulfoximines with Aryl, Heteroaryl, and Alkenyl Halides Using Tungsten Hexacarbonyl as Carbon Monoxide Source
Authors: Han Sang Hoon , Lee Kyungsup , Noh Hee Chan , Lee Phil Ho 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPalladium(II)‐catalyzed N‐acylation was demonstrated through the reaction of N−H sulfoximines with a variety of aryl, heteroaryl, and aryl halides using W(CO)6 as a source of carbon monoxide, affording N‐acylated sulfoximines in good to excellent yields. Moreover, alkenyl bromides underwent palladium(II)‐catalyzed N‐acylation reactions with N−H sulfoximines, leading to the formation of N‐cinnamoyl sulfoximines. This method has the advantages of a broad substrate scope, high functional group tolerance, simple operation, and chemoselectivity between chloride and bromide.
Vaginal estrogen and association with dementia: A nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Pourhadi Nelsan , Mørch Lina S. , Holm Ellen A. , Torp‐Pedersen Christian T. , Meaidi Amani 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionUse of systemic hormone therapy has been positively associated with development of dementia. Little is known about the dose‐dependent effect of vaginal estradiol on dementia risk.MethodsWe assessed associations between cumulative dose of vaginal estradiol tablets and dementia in a case‐control study nested in a nationwide Danish cohort of women aged 50 to 60 years at study initiation, who did not use systemic hormone therapy. Each case was age‐matched to 10 female controls.ResultsA total of 4574 dementia cases were matched to 45,740 controls. Cumulative use of vaginal estradiol tablets was not associated with all‐cause dementia; adjusted hazard ratio 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89–1.18) for low dose (< 750 mcg), 1.07 (0.94–1.21) for medium dose (750–2000 mcg), and 0.93 (0.84–1.03) for high dose (> 2000 mcg). Similarly, Alzheimer's disease (AD) only was not associated with vaginal estradiol.DiscussionExposure to vaginal estradiol tablets was not associated with all‐cause dementia or AD only.
MnO2 Electrocatalysts Coordinating Alcohol Oxidation for Ultra‐Durable Hydrogen and Chemical Productions in Acidic Solutions
Authors: Li Yan , Wei Xinfa , Han Shuhe , Chen Lisong , Shi Jianlin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractElectrocatalytic hydrogen production under acidic conditions is of great importance for industrialization in comparison to that in alkaline media, which, unfortunately, still remains challenging due to the lack of earth‐abundant, cost‐effective and highly active anodic electrocatalysts that can be used durably under strongly acidic conditions. Here we report an unexpected finding that manganese oxide, a kind of common non‐noble catalysts easily soluble in acidic solutions, can be applied as a highly efficient and extremely durable anodic electrocatalyst for hydrogen production from an acidic aqueous solution of alcohols. Particularly in a glycerol solution, a potential of as low as 1.36 V (vs. RHE) is needed at 10 mA cm−2, which is 270 mV lower than that of oxygen evolution reaction (OER), to oxidize glycerol into value‐added chemicals such as formic acid, without oxygen production. To our surprise, the manganese oxide exhibits extremely high stability for electrocatalytic hydrogen production in coupling with glycerol oxidation for longer than 865 hours compared to shorter than 10 h for OER. Moreover, the effect of the addition of glycerol on the electrochemical durability has been probed via in situ Raman spectroscopic analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This work demonstrates that acid‐unstable metal oxide electrocatalysts can be used robustly in acidic media under the presence of certain substances for electrochemical purposes, such as hydrogen production.
Structure–properties‐performance relationships in complex epoxy nanocomposites: A complete picture applying chemorheological and thermo‐mechanical kinetic analyses
Authors: Jouyandeh Maryam , Moini Jazani Omid , Navarchian Amir H. , Vahabi Henri , Saeb Mohammad Reza 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHerein the kinetics of network formation (cross‐linking) and network degradation (thermal decomposition) in a complex system based on epoxy resin reinforced with hyperbranched amino polymer‐functionalized nanoparticles (HAPF) were discussed. Five classes of nanoparticles, that is, nano‐SiO2, halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), HNTs@nano‐SiO2 core/shell, HAPF/nano‐SiO2, HAPF/HNTs@nano‐SiO2 core/shell were loaded at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 (optimal loading among prepared samples), and 5 wt% were examined. Parameters of the cure kinetics and degradation were correlated, and the mechanical properties were interpreted in terms of microstructure and rheological analyses. The isothermal chemorheological cure kinetics study (60, 70, and 80°C) revealed a low activation energy for epoxy/HAPF/HNTs@nano‐SiO2 core/shell nanocomposite (72.21 kJ/mol), compared with the blank epoxy (79.99 kJ/mol). Correspondingly, gel time of the system decreased from 1040 to 515 to 237 s upon isotherms of 60, 70, and 80°C, respectively. Tensile strength was also increased vividly (ca. 32%), possibly due to the strong interfacial adhesion, which reflected in an induced shear yielding. Nitrogen‐mediated thermal decomposition kinetics suggested an average degradation activation energies of ca. 150 and 210 kJ/mol for the assigned nanocomposites and the blank epoxy, respectively. Overall, there was a complete agreement between the kinetics of network formation and network degradation in the studied epoxy nanocomposite. This work enables understanding of structure‐properties‐performance in complex epoxy nanocomposites.
Umbelliferone Decorated Water‐soluble Zinc(II) Phthalocyanines – In Vitro Phototoxic Antimicrobial Anti‐cancer Agents
Authors: Sowa Andrea , Höing Alexander , Dobrindt Ulrich , Knauer Shirley K. , Galstyan Anzhela , Voskuhl Jens 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this contribution we report on the synthesis, characterization and application of water‐soluble zinc(II) phthalocyanines, which are decorated with four or eight umbelliferone moieties for photodynamic therapy (PDT). These compounds are linked peripherally to zinc(II) phthalocyanine by a triethylene glycol linker attached to pyridines, leading to cationic pyridinium units, able to increase the water solubility of the system. Beside their photophysical properties they were analyzed concerning their cellular distribution in human hepatocyte carcinoma (HepG2) cells as well as their phototoxicity towards HepG2 cells, Gram‐positive (S. aureus strain 3150/12 and B. subtilis strain DB104) and Gram‐negative bacteria (E. coli strain UTI89 and E. coli strain Nissle 1917). At low light doses and concentrations, they exhibit superb antimicrobial activity against Gram‐positive bacteria as well as anti‐tumor activity against HepG2. They are even capable to inactivate Gram‐negative bacteria, whereas the dark toxicity remains low. These unique water‐soluble compounds can be regarded as all‐in‐one type photosensitizers with broad applications ranges in the future.
Lateral Metallation and Redistribution Reactions of Sodium Ferrates Containing Bulky 2,6‐Diisopropyl‐N‐(trimethylsilyl)anilide Ligands
Authors: Maddock Lewis C. H. , Morton Rebekka , Kennedy Alan R. , Hevia Eva 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlkali‐metal ferrates containing amide groups have emerged as regioselective bases capable of promoting Fe−H exchanges of aromatic substrates. Advancing this area of heterobimetallic chemistry, a new series of sodium ferrates is introduced incorporating the bulky arylsilyl amido ligand N(SiMe3)(Dipp) (Dipp=2,6‐iPr2‐C6H3). Influenced by the large steric demands imposed by this amide, transamination of [NaFe(HMDS)3] (HMDS=N(SiMe3)2) with an excess of HN(SiMe3)(Dipp) led to the isolation of heteroleptic [Na(HMDS)2Fe{N(SiMe3)Dipp}]∞ (1) resulting from the exchange of just one HMDS group. An alternative co‐complexation approach, combining the homometallic metal amides [NaN(SiMe3)Dipp] and [Fe{N(SiMe3)Dipp}2] induces lateral metallation of one Me arm from the SiMe3 group in the iron amide furnishing tetrameric [NaFe{N(SiCH2Me2)Dipp}{N(SiMe3)Dipp}]4 (2). Reactivity studies support that this deprotonation is driven by the steric incompatibility of the single metal amides rather than the basic capability of the sodium reagent. Displaying synergistic reactivity, heteroleptic sodium ferrate 1 can selectively promote ferration of pentafluorobenzene using one of its HMDS arms to give heterotrileptic [Na{N(SiMe3)Dipp}(HMDS)Fe(C6F5)]∞ (4). Attempts to deprotonate less activated pyridine led to the isolation of NaHMDS and heteroleptic Fe(II) amide [(py)Fe{N(SiMe3)Dipp}(HMDS)] (5), resulting from an alternative redistribution process which is favoured by the Lewis donor ability of this substrate.
Identification and Classification of Technical Lignins by means of Principle Component Analysis and k‐Nearest Neighbor Algorithm
Authors: Fink Friedrich , Emmerling Franziska , Falkenhagen Jana 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe characterization of technical lignins is a key step for the efficient use and processing of this material into valuable chemicals and for quality control. In this study 31 lignin samples were prepared from different biomass sources (hardwood, softwood, straw, grass) and different pulping processes (sulfite, Kraft, organosolv). Each lignin was analyzed by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FT‐IR) spectroscopy. Statistical analysis of the ATR‐FT‐IR spectra by means of principal component analysis (PCA) showed significant differences between the lignins. Hence, the samples can be separated by PCA according to the original biomass. The differences observed in the ATR‐FT‐IR spectra result primarily from the relative ratios of the p‐hydroxyphenyl, guaiacyl and syringyl units. Only limited influence of the pulping process is reflected by the spectral data. The spectra do not differ between samples processed by Kraft or organosolv processes. Lignosulfonates are clearly distinguishable by ATR‐FT‐IR from the other samples. For the classification a model was created using the k‐nearest neighbor (k‐NN) algorithm. Different data pretreatment steps were compared for k=1 … 20. For validation purposes, a 5‐fold cross‐validation was chosen and the different quality criteria Accuracy (Acc), Error Rate (Err), Sensitivity (TPR) and specificity (TNR) were introduced. The optimized model for k=4 gives values for Acc=98.9 %, Err=1.1 %, TPR=99.2 % and TNR=99.6 %.
Cancer patterns in nasopharyngeal carcinoma multiplex families over 15 years
Authors: Yu Kelly J. , Hsu Wan‐Lun , Chiang Chun‐Ju , Chen Tseng‐Cheng , Liu Zhiwei , Lou Pei‐Jen , Diehl Scott , Goldstein Alisa M. , Chen Chien‐Jen , Wang Cheng‐Ping , Hildesheim Allan 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundGenetic and environmental factors are important determinants of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). NPC is associated with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection. Studies have reported familial aggregation of NPC, but evidence has been mixed for elevated rates of cancers other than NPC.MethodsThe authors reassessed their previous evaluation of familial aggregation of cancer in 348 high‐risk Taiwanese multiplex families with 2 or more NPC cases enrolled between 1980 and 2003. Participants were linked to the Taiwan National Cancer Registry and National Death Registry to identify cancers.ResultsIn all, 2590 individuals contributed 37,959 person‐years over an average of 15 years of follow‐up; 314 incident cancers were identified. The authors computed multiple primary standardized incidence ratios (MP‐SIRs) to evaluate the overall risk and the risk of infection‐associated, EBV‐associated, and individual cancers. The overall MP‐SIR was 1.24 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10‐1.38). The exclusion of excess NPC risk led to an overall MP‐SIR of 1.11 (95% CI, 0.98‐1.25). Similarly, the risk of cancers associated with infectious agents was driven by the excess in NPC, and its exclusion led to an MP‐SIR of 1.22 (95% CI, 0.99‐1.48) for infection‐associated cancers and to an MP‐SIR of 1.18 (95% CI, 0.72‐1.82) for EBV‐associated cancers. The authors observed a significant excess of second cancers among NPC cases (oral cancer, mouth cancer, tongue cancer, gum cancer, nasal cavity cancer, bone cancer, and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma).ConclusionsThis reassessment of the largest NPC multiplex family study confirms the presence of NPC coaggregation within families in Taiwan but does not provide evidence for a broader familial syndrome involving NPC and other tumors. Among NPC cases, elevated rates of secondary cancers, mostly at the, head and neck and hematopoietic cancers suggest radiation treatment effects on subsequent cancer risk.
A cross‐sectional study of auditory verbal hallucinations experienced by people with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder
Authors: Hayward Mark , Jones Anna‐Marie , Strawson Will H. , Quadt Lisa , Larsson Dennis E. O. , Silva Marta , Davies Geoff , Fielding‐Smith Sarah , Hazell Cassie M. , Critchley Hugo D. , Garfinkel Sarah N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe presence of auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) does not currently feature in the main diagnostic criteria for borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, there is accumulating evidence that a high proportion of BPD patients report longstanding and frequent AVHs which constitute a significant risk factor for suicide plans and attempts, and hospitalization.AimThis study addressed questions about the validity and phenomenology of AVHs in the context of BPD. The longer‐term aim is to facilitate the development and translation of treatment approaches to address the unmet need of this population.MethodThis was a cross‐sectional study, combining phenomenological and psychological assessments administered in person and online. We explored the experiences of 48 patients with a diagnosis of BPD who were hearing AVHs.ResultsParticipants gave ‘consistent’ reports on the measure of AVH phenomenology, suggesting that these experiences were legitimate. Similar to AVHs in a psychosis context, AVHs were experienced as distressing and appraised as persecutory. AVHs were found to be weakly associated with BPD symptoms. AVHs were also rated highly as a treatment priority by the majority of participants.ConclusionThe findings suggest that AVH is a legitimate and distressing symptom of BPD and a treatment priority for some patients. The relative independence of AVHs from other BPD symptoms and emotional states suggests that psychological treatment may need to be targeted specifically at the symptom of AVHs. This treatment could be adapted from cognitive behaviour therapy, the psychological intervention that is recommended for the treatment of AVHs in the context of psychosis.
Development of a dementia prediction model for primary care: The Hisayama Study
Authors: Honda Takanori , Ohara Tomoyuki , Yoshida Daigo , Shibata Mao , Ishida Yuki , Furuta Yoshihiko , Oishi Emi , Hirakawa Yoichiro , Sakata Satoko , Hata Jun , Nakao Tomohiro , Ninomiya Toshiharu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionWe aimed to develop a risk prediction model for incident dementia using predictors that are available in primary‐care settings.MethodsA total of 795 subjects aged 65 years or over were prospectively followed‐up from 1988 to 2012. A Cox proportional‐hazards regression was used to develop a multivariable prediction model. The developed model was translated into a simplified scoring system based on the beta‐coefficient. The discrimination of the model was assessed by Harrell's C statistic, and the calibration was assessed by a calibration plot.ResultsDuring the follow‐up period, 364 subjects developed dementia. In the multivariable model, age, female sex, low education, leanness, hypertension, diabetes, history of stroke, current smoking, and sedentariness were selected as predictors. The developed model and simplified score showed good discrimination and calibration.DiscussionThe developed risk prediction model is feasible and practically useful in primary‐care settings to identify individuals at high risk for future dementia.
Associations between mealtime anxiety and food intake in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Lloyd E. Caitlin , Powell Chanel , Schebendach Janet , Walsh B. Timothy , Posner Jonathan , Steinglass Joanna E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveA salient disturbance in anorexia nervosa (AN) is the persistent restriction of food intake. Eating behavior in AN is thought to be influenced by anxiety. The current study probed associations between mealtime anxiety and food intake among individuals with AN and healthy comparison individuals (HC).MethodData were combined across three studies (total of 92 AN and 78 HC) for secondary data analysis. Participants completed a multiitem laboratory buffet meal and visual analogue scale assessments of pre‐meal and post‐meal anxiety. Linear regression models assessed the association between mealtime anxiety and calorie and fat intake at the meal, and whether associations differed by diagnostic group.ResultsAmong individuals with AN, pre‐meal anxiety was significantly associated with reduced calorie intake and reduced consumption of calories from fat at the meal; these associations were not observed among HC. There was no evidence for an association between calorie/fat intake at the meal and post‐meal anxiety in either group.DiscussionTreatments that target mealtime anxiety may improve eating and nourishment among individuals with AN. Interventions like exposure therapy that provide skills in overcoming mealtime anxiety might be enhanced by informing patients that post‐meal anxiety is not related to intake.
Association between intestinal oedema and oral loop diuretic resistance in hospitalized patients with acute heart failure
Authors: Ikeda Yuki , Ishii Shunsuke , Maemura Kenji , Oki Takumi , Yazaki Mayu , Fujita Teppei , Nabeta Takeru , Maekawa Emi , Koitabashi Toshimi , Ako Junya 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsIntestinal oedema is one of the manifestations associated with right‐sided heart failure (HF), which is known to be associated with poorer patient outcomes. We attempted to reveal the association between intestinal oedema and diuretic resistance in hospitalized patients with acute HF.Methods and resultsAmong 213 hospitalized patients with acute HF, abdominal ultrasonography was performed under clinically stable conditions after initial HF treatments. The association among abdominal ultrasonographic parameters, maintenance doses of loop diuretics, and responsiveness to initial loop diuretic treatment was evaluated. Higher mean colon wall thickness (CWT) independently correlated with a higher dose of loop diuretics at enrolment (adjusted β = 0.198, P = 0.0004). Increased mean CWT also correlated with poor response to oral loop diuretics as an initial treatment, whereas it did not correlate with the response to intravenous loop diuretics. Discrimination of non‐responders to initial oral loop diuretics resulted in a sensitivity of 0.772 and a specificity of 0.733 using a mean CWT cut‐off value of ≥3 mm.ConclusionsIn hospitalized patients with acute HF, a strong correlation was identified among the severity of intestinal oedema, required quantities as maintenance loop diuretic doses, and poor responsiveness to oral loop diuretics at admission.
Heart rate modulates the relationship of augmented systolic blood pressure with the blood natriuretic peptide levels
Authors: Tomiyama Hirofumi , Nakano Hiroki , Takahashi Takamichi , Fujii Masatsune , Shiina Kazuki , Matsumoto Chisa , Chikamori Taishiro , Yamashina Akira 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsAugmented central systolic blood pressure (cSBP), which is known to affect the cardiac afterload, is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. While an inverse relationship is known to exist between the heart rate (HR) and the cSBP, it has not yet been clarified if the HR also modulates the association between the cSBP and the cardiac afterload. The present study was conducted to clarify whether the association of the cSBP with the serum levels of the N‐terminal fragment B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) differs between subjects with high and low HRs, using data obtained from the same subjects on two occasions (2009 and 2012) so as to confirm their consistency.Methods and resultsThe radial augmentation index, systolic pressure at the second peak of the radial pressure waveform (SBP2), and serum NT‐proBNP levels were measured and analysed in a worksite cohort of 2000 middle‐aged men in 2009 and in 2012. The subjects were divided into three groups by the HR (i.e. ≤69, 70–79, and ≥80 b.p.m.). While the serum NT‐proBNP levels were similar among the three groups, the radial augmentation index increased (from 61 ± 12% to 72 ± 13%, P < 0.01 in 2009 and from 61 ± 13% to 73 ± 12%, P < 0.01 in 2012) and the SBP1‐2 decreased (from 18 ± 7 to 13 ± 7 mmHg, P < 0.01 in 2009 and from 19 ± 7 to 13 ± 6 mmHg, P < 0.01 in 2012) significantly with decreasing HR. After the adjustment, the SBP2 showed a significant association with the serum NT‐proBNP levels in the overall study population [non‐standardized coefficient (B) = 0.005, standard error (SE) = 0.001, P < 0.01 in 2009 (n = 2257) and B = 0.004, SE = 0.001, P < 0.01 in 2012 (n = 1986)]. In subgroup analyses, the SBP2 showed a significant association with the serum NT‐proBNP levels [B = 0.004, SE = 0.002, P = 0.02 in 2009 (n = 1291) and B = 0.005, SE = 0.001, P < 0.01 in 2012 (n = 1204)] only in the subject group with an HR of ≤69 b.p.m.ConclusionsIn middle‐aged Japanese men, the relationship between the cSBP and the cardiac afterload appears to differ depending on the HR; the results of our analysis showed that the relationship between the cSBP and the cardiac overload may be more pronounced and strongly significant in patients with low HRs as compared with patients with high HRs.