bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurse preceptors' experience‐based strategies for supporting learning in the ambulance service—A combined focus group and dyadic interview study
Authors: Wallin Kim , Werkander Harstäde Carina , Bremer Anders , Hörberg Ulrica 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAmbulance service organizations worldwide report about an expanding professional role, responsibilities and scope of practice for ambulance clinicians, resulting in discussions concerning educational design and desired professional competencies. To face the contemporary demands in ambulance care, non‐technical skills are advocated and clinical practice considered fundamental for the development of these abilities. However, there is very little research concerning educational strategies for supporting the desired competencies for novice registered nurses in the ambulance service.AimTo describe and explore nurse preceptors' experience‐based strategies for supporting registered nurses learning in the ambulance service.DesignThe study had an inductive and data‐driven approach, guided by phenomenological epistemology.MethodsTwenty‐seven Swedish nurse preceptors were interviewed in three focus groups and four dyadic interviews between October 2019 and April 2020. The data were analysed with reflexive thematic analysis.FindingsThe nurse preceptors use several learning strategies, focusing on a socialization process and a clinical competence process, intertwined during clinical practice to support the development of a situated professional identity and a clinical decision‐making competence. Supportive structures facilitate a progressive learning strategy when addressing desired skills and cognitive abilities in teamwork processes and clinical judgement.ConclusionSupporting novice clinicians, prior to and during clinical practice in the ambulance service, should include medical assessment skills, situation awareness and processes for effective teamwork. Further, novice clinicians need to develop complex cognitive abilities to deal with the dynamic nature of decision‐making in ambulance care.ImpactThe study findings show contextual strategies, previously not described and desired competencies when supporting learning for registered nurses in the ambulance service. A theoretical grounding in episteme, techne, phronesis and situation awareness may guide educators at universities, managers in the ambulance service, preceptors and novice clinicians worldwide in the planning and performance of teaching and learning in the ambulance service.
Therapeutic role of adipose tissue–derived stem cells versus microvesicles in a rat model of cerebellar injury
Authors: Mazen Nehad F. , Abdel‐Fattah Eman A. , Desoky Shimaa R. , El‐Shal Amal S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMonosodium glutamate (MSG) is a controversial food additive reported to cause negative effects on public health. Adipose stem cells (ASCs) and their derived vesicles (MVs) represent a promising cure for human diseases. This work was planned to compare the therapeutic effects of adipose stem cells and microvesicles in MSG‐induced cerebellar damage. Forty adult healthy male Wister rats were equally divided into four groups: Group I (control group), group II (MSG‐treated), group III (MSG/ASCs‐treated), and group IV (MSG/MVs‐treated). Motor behaviour of rats was assessed. Characterization of ASCs and MVs was done by flow cytometry. The cerebellum was processed for light and electron microscopic studies, and immunohistochemical localization of PCNA and GFAP. Morphometry was done for the number of Purkinje cells in H&E‐stained sections, area per cent of GFAP immune reactivity and number of positive PCNA cells. Our results showed MSG‐induced deterioration in the motor part. Moreover, MSG increases oxidant and apoptotic with decreases of antioxidant biomarkers. Structural changes in the cerebellar cortex as degeneration of nerve cells and gliosis were detected. There were also a decrease in the number of Purkinje cells, an increase in the area per cent of GFAP immune reactivity and a decrease in the number of positive PCNA cells, as compared to the control. Rats treated with ASCs showed marked functional and structural improvement in comparison with MV‐treated rats. Thus, both ASCs and MVs had therapeutic potential for MSG‐induced cerebellar damage with better results in case of ASCs.
Epigenetic therapy attenuates oxidative stress in BMSCs during ageing
Authors: Su Xiaoxia , Zhang Haoyu , Lei Fengzhen , Wang Rui , Lin Tingting , Liao Li 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOxidative stress, a hallmark of ageing, inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells in long bone. The dysfunction of the cellular antioxidant defence system is a critical cause of oxidative stress, but the mechanism of the decline of antioxidant defence in senescent stem cells remains elusive. Here, we found that EZH2, an epigenetic regulator of histone methylation, acted as a suppressor of the antioxidative defence system in BMSCs from the femur. The increased EZH2 led to a decrease in the levels of antioxidant enzymes and exaggerated oxidative damage in aged BMSCs, resulting in the defect of bone formation and regeneration. Mechanistically, EZH2 enhanced the modification of H3K27me3 on the promoter of Foxo1 and suppressed its function to activate the downstream genes in antioxidant defence. Moreover, epigenetic therapy targeting EZH2‐mediated H3K27me3 modification largely recovered the antioxidant defence in BMSCs and attenuate oxidative damage, leading to the recovery of the osteogenesis in old BMSCs. Taken together, our findings revealed novel crosstalk between histone epigenetic modification and oxidative stress during stem cell ageing, suggesting a possibility of epigenetic therapy in the recovery of BMSCs senescence and treatment of age‐related bone disease.
A symptom level perspective on reactive and proactive aggressive behaviours and ADHD symptoms in childhood
Authors: Speyer Lydia Gabriela , Eisner Manuel , Ribeaud Denis , Luciano Michelle , Auyeung Bonnie , Murray Aja Louise 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveAttention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent childhood disorders, affecting around 3.4% of children worldwide. A common and impairing correlate of ADHD is aggressive behaviour. ADHD symptoms and aggression are both heterogeneous and it has been speculated that certain symptoms of ADHD might be more important in aggressive behaviours of different types than others. This study uses a symptom‐level analysis to investigate the concurrent and temporal links between ADHD symptoms and aggressive behaviours.MethodsUsing Gaussian Graphical Models and Graphical Vector Autoregression Models, longitudinal and cross‐sectional networks of ADHD symptoms and aggressive behaviours, measured using parent‐reported Social Behaviour Questionnaires, were estimated. Participants included 1,246 children taking part in the longitudinal Swiss z‐proso cohort study at ages 7, 9 and 11.ResultsThe longitudinal network highlighted that ADHD symptoms and aggressive behaviours share a multitude of reciprocal temporal relations, with inattentive ADHD symptoms preceding both reactive and proactive aggression. Cross‐sectional networks suggested that hyperactive/impulsive symptoms were predominantly connected to reactive aggressive behaviours but also to a form of proactive aggression, namely dominating other children.ConclusionFindings provide preliminary evidence which specific symptoms are the most promising targets for reducing aggressive behaviours in children with ADHD. They also highlight the potential importance of targeting feedback loops resulting from aggressive behaviours. Future research is needed to better understand the mechanisms through which ADHD and aggressive behaviours become linked.
Mitigating primary care provider burnout with interdisciplinary dyads and shared care delivery
Authors: Norful Allison A. , He Yun , Rosenfeld Adam , Abraham Cilgy M. , Chang Bernard 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRationale, Aims and ObjectivesIncreased incidence of chronic illnesses coupled with physician shortages have yielded strain on primary care provider (PCP) to meet care demands. Interdisciplinary providers have increasingly been embedded into primary care teams to alleviate some workload demand. Little evidence exists about the impact of interdisciplinary PCP care delivery models on provider strain in primary care. To determine the impact of interdisciplinary PCP care delivery on burnout, job satisfaction and intention to leave current position.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional mail survey using Dillman methodology of primary care practices (e.g., internal medicine) across New York State. A random sample of interdisciplinary PCPs (physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants) (n = 333) responded. The Provider Comanagement Index (α = 0.85) was used to measure how well interdisciplinary dyads comanagement care delivery attributes (effective communication; mutual respect and trust; shared philosophy of care). Provider outcomes were measured with validated Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and Health Resources and Services Administration items for burnout, job satisfaction and intention to leave position. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression models, crude and adjusted odds ratios were calculated, controlling for participant and practice characteristics.ResultsAlmost 30% of participants reported burnout with three times the odds of intending to leave their current position within 1 year. With each unit increase in effective comanagement between interdisciplinary dyads there was 15% less burnout and 10% less odds of intention to leave position.ConclusionIncorporating interdisciplinary specialties in primary care appears promising to alleviate some adverse provider outcomes. Organizations contemplating delivery models to promote well‐being and retention may consider comanagement. Cost effectiveness research is needed to determine financial sustainability of interdisciplinary care delivery.
Towards patient‐centred communication in the management of older patients' medications across transitions of care: A focused ethnographic study
Authors: Ozavci Guncag , Bucknall Tracey , Woodward‐Kron Robyn , Hughes Carmel , Jorm Christine , Manias Elizabeth 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundCommunication about managing medications during transitions of care can be a challenging process for older patients since they often have complex medication regimens. Previous studies highlighted that links between communication breakdowns and medication incidents in older patients occur mainly at discharge or in the post‐discharge period. Little attention has been paid to exploring communication strategies facilitating patient‐centred medication communication at transitions of care from a discourse‐analytic perspective.ObjectivesTo explore, through a discursive lens, strategies that enable patient‐centred medication communication at transitions of care.DesignA focused ethnographic study was employed for this study. The study was reported according to the COREQ checklist.MethodsInterviews, observations and focus groups were analysed utilising Critical Discourse Analysis and the Medication Communication Model following thematic analysis. Data collection was undertaken in eight wards across two metropolitan hospitals in Australia.ResultsPatient preferences and beliefs about medications were identified as important characteristics of patient‐centred communication. Strategies included empathetic talk prioritising patients' medication needs and preferences for medications; informative talk clarifying patients' concerns; and encouraging talk for enhancing shared decision‐making with older patients. Challenges relating to the use of these strategies included patients' hearing, speech or cognitive impairments, language barriers and absence of interpreters or family members during care transitions.Relevance to clinical practiceTo enhance medication communication, nurses, doctors and pharmacists should incorporate older patients' preferences, previous experiences and beliefs, and consider the challenges faced by patients across transitions. Strategies encouraging patients' contribution to decision‐making processes are crucial to patient‐centeredness in medication communication. Nurses need to engage in informative talk more frequently when administering the medications to ensure older patients' understanding of medications prescribed or altered in hospital settings.
The consequences of response options: Including both “Protestant” and “Christian” on surveys
Authors: Burge Ryan P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe term “Protestant” is used extensively by scholars of religion and has been included in surveys about American religion for decades. Yet it is possible that many Americans do not have a full understanding of the meaning of this term and its inclusion may be introducing measurement error on surveys. Two recent survey efforts provide illumination to this question. The Nationscape question on religion replicates all the options included in the Cooperative Survey, but also includes an option for “Christian.” This provides an ideal opportunity to assess the implications of adding this response choice. When the “Protestant” and “Christian” groups are combined in the Nationscape and compared to the “Protestant” group in the Cooperative Election Study (CES), there is a great deal of similarity between the two samples. But, the results from the Nationscape indicate that the term “Protestant” is becoming increasingly unfamiliar to younger Americans, especially for racial minorities.
Changes of lipid composition and fatty acid content in the hepatopancreas and expression of FABP before and after molting in red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus)
Authors: Qin Gaochan , Chen Honglin , Liu Feng , Chu Tianqi , Wang Mengjie , Lou Bao , Qian Haojie , Yao Zhenhai 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo explore energy utilization during molting stage, matured and juvenile red claw crayfish were selected to determine changes in lipid composition and fatty acid contents of hepatopancreas. Moreover, the expression of the fatty acid binding protein (FABP) gene was determined to verify changes of fatty acids at the molecular level. Results showed that after molting, the crude lipid content was significantly lower than before molting (p <.05). Among them, the triglyceride content in the hepatopancreas showed no significant differences both before and after molting. The cholesterol content only increased significantly after the matured red claw crayfish had molted. Phospholipids of matured red claw crayfish decreased significantly after molting, but increased significantly after molting in juvenile (p <.05). Saturated fatty acid content did not differ significantly before and after molting in matured red claw crayfish, while it increased after molting in juveniles. The monounsaturated fatty acid content increased, while polyunsaturated fatty acid content decreased significantly after molting (p <.05). The expression of FABP was consistent with the phospholipids change trend of both matured and juvenile red claw crayfish, which may be the molecular indicator of phospholipids during the molting stage. The specific lipid metabolism pathway still needs further exploration.
Do job vacancies variations anticipate employment variations by sector? Some preliminary evidence from Italy
Authors: Lovaglio Pietro Giorgio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGovernment policy has placed increasing emphasis on the need for robust labour market projections. The job vacancy rate is a key indicator of the state of the economy underpinning most monetary policy decisions. However, its variation over time is rarely studied in relation to employment variations, especially at the sectoral level. The present paper assesses whether changes in the number of vacancies from quarter to quarter are a leading anticipator of employment variation in certain economic sectors over the previous decade in Italy, using multivariate time‐series tools (the vector autoregressive and error correction models) with Eurostat data. As robustness checks for integration order and cointegration, we compare traditional critical values with those provided by response surface models. To the best of our knowledge, no previous study has evaluated this relationship using Italian data over the last decade. The results demonstrate that percentage changes in numbers employed (occupied persons) react to percentage changes in vacancies (one‐quarter lagged), but not vice versa, indicating that variations of vacancies are weakly exogenous. The fastest short‐term adjustment from disequilibrium is seen in the construction industry, whereas the manufacturing and the information and communication technology sectors demonstrate the strongest long‐run relationships among variations. This suggests that the matching rates – the likelihood that a vacancy is filled – are higher for these than for other sectors, as a result of developments in recruitment technology for professional figures of such industries.
Industrial structure and evasion dynamics, is there any link?
Authors: Coppier Raffaella , Michetti Elisabetta , Scaccia Luisa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe propose a model to describe the link between industrial structure and evasion dynamics in a heterogeneous setting, in which the monitoring efforts put in place by the State to fight evasion of firms depend on the market share of each firm. More precisely, while the convenience to evade taxes is determined as a Nash solution of an incomplete information game, a differentiated monitoring activity related to market concentration represents the original contribution of this work w.r.t. previous studies on the topic. As empirical evidence shows, high dimensional firms are more likely to be monitored, hence, when dynamics are considered, evasion and industrial structure evolution are strictly related. In fact, by combining analytical findings and simulation results, our work shows that: (1) firms with a sufficiently large market share, that is, larger than a certain dimensional threshold, comply with fiscal rules, thus confirming empirical evidence; (2) this dimensional threshold changes with the competition level between firms in a nonlinear way; (3) evasion affects the market structure, so that markets with high (low) competition tend to increase (decrease) their concentration over time; (4) evasion is affected by market structure and is minimum in moderately concentrated markets.
Root phosphatase activity aligns with the collaboration gradient of the root economics space
Authors: Han Mengguang , Chen Ying , Li Rui , Yu Miao , Fu Liangchen , Li Shuaifeng , Su Jianrong , Zhu Biao 
Published: December 2021

Summary

The adoption of diverse resource acquisition strategies is critical for plant growth and species coexistence. Root phosphatase is of particular importance in the acquisition of soil phosphorus (P), yet it is often overlooked in studies of root trait syndromes.

Here, we evaluated the role of root phosphatase activity (RPA) within the root economics space and the order‐based variation of RPA, as well as the correlations between RPA and a suite of leaf traits and soil properties over a range of evergreen tree species in a subtropical forest.

Root phosphatase activity exhibited a high degree of inter‐specific variation. We found that there were two leading dimensions of the multidimensional root economics space, the root diameter–specific root length axis (collaboration trait gradient) and the root tissue density–root nitrogen concentration axis (classical trait gradient), and RPA aligned with the former. Root phosphatase activity is used as a ‘do it yourself’ strategy of soil P acquisition, and was found to be inversely correlated with mycorrhizal colonization, which suggests a trade‐off in plant P acquisition strategies. Compared with soil and foliar nutrient status, root traits mattered most for the large inter‐specific changes in RPA. Furthermore, RPA generally decreased from first‐ to third‐order roots.

Taken together, such diverse P‐acquisition strategies are conducive to plant coexistence within local forest communities. The use of easily measurable root traits and their tight correlations with RPA could be a feasible and promising approach to estimating species‐specific RPA values, which would be helpful for better understanding plant P acquisition and soil P cycling.
High‐fat diets on the enteric nervous system: Possible interactions and mechanisms underlying dysmotility
Authors: Almeida Patricia Pereira , Valdetaro Luisa , Thomasi Beatriz Bastos de Moraes , Stockler‐Pinto Milena Barcza , Tavares‐Gomes Ana Lúcia 
Published: December 2021

SummaryObesity is a chronic disease that affects various physiological systems. Among them, the gastrointestinal tract appears to be a main target of this disease. High‐fat diet (HFD) animal models can help recapitulate the classic signs of obesity and present a series of gastrointestinal alterations, mainly dysmotility. Because intestinal motility is governed by the enteric nervous system (ENS), enteric neurons, and glial cells have been studied in HFD models. Given the importance of the ENS in general gut physiology, this review aims to discuss the relationship between HFD‐induced neuroplasticity and gut dysmotility observed in experimental models. Furthermore, we highlight components of the gut environment that might influence enteric neuroplasticity, including gut microbiota, enteric glio‐epithelial unit, serotonin release, immune cells, and disturbances such as inflammation and oxidative stress.
Integrative Analysis of ceRNA Networks in human periodontal ligament stem cells under hypoxia
Authors: Ye Yu , Fu Lin , Liu Liu , Xiao Tong , Cuba Manduca Ana Gloria , Yu Jinhua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the regulatory effect of hypoxia on human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) through RNA sequencing (RNA SEQ). Human PDLSCs were cultured in normoxia (20% O2) or hypoxia (2% O2).Material and MethodsTotal RNA was extracted and sequenced. The expression profiles of circRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRNAs were determined, and the lncRNA/circRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA networks were analyzed.ResultsIn total, 15 miRNAs, 449 lncRNAs, and 53 circRNAs were differentially expressed. Among them, 21 circRNAs, 262 lncRNAs, 5 miRNAs, and 5 mRNAs were selected to construct competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were carried out to explore potential related pathways and regulatory functions. Several ceRNA axes (lncRNA‐FTX/circRNA‐FAT1‐hsa‐miR‐4781‐3p‐SMAD5 and circRNA LPAR1‐hsa‐miR‐342‐3p‐ADAR) may provide a theoretical basis on the study of osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs under hypoxia.ConclusionThis study revealed that the expression profiles of circRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRNAs had changed significantly in PDLSCs cultured in 2% O2; specific circRNAs/lncRNAs may play a competitive role in the differentiation of PDLSCs.