bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eating behaviors and alexithymic features of obese and overweight adolescents
Authors: Koyuncu Zehra , Kadak Muhammed Tayyib , Tarakçıoğlu Mahmut Cem , Bingöl Çağlayan Rahime Hülya , Doğangün Burak , Ercan Oya 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn this study, eating behaviors and alexithymia levels in obese adolescents were investigated. Relationships between alexithymia, eating behavior and insulin resistance were studied.MethodsThe patient group consisted of 87 obese adolescents or overweight adolescents (O + OW). The comparison group consisted of 101 normal weight adolescents (N). Alexithymia Questionnaire for Children, Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, and Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale–Child Version, are used for assessing adolescents. The homeostasis model assessment‐estimated insulin resistance was calculated to determine insulin resistance.ResultsAlexithymia Questionnaire for Children scores were significantly higher in O + OW than N (P = 0.009). Both emotional and restrained eating scores are higher in O + OW (P < 0.001 for both). On the other hand, external eating scores were not significantly different. In O + OW, external eating was positively associated with homeostasis model assessment‐estimated insulin resistance (r: 035, P = 0.006), but is not associated with fasting blood glucose and the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (r: −0.05, P = 0.62; r: −0.05, P = 0.73). Regression analysis showed that restrained and emotional eating were predictors of O + OW (B: 0.1, P < 0.001; B: 0.06, P = 0.001). Emotional eating was positively correlated with the Alexithymia Questionnaire for Children and Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale–Child Version in O + OW (r: 0.29, P = 0.008; r: 0.48, P < 0.001).ConclusionsObese and overweight adolescents were more alexithymic than normal weight adolescents. Alexithymia scores were also positively associated with emotional eating. On the other hand, alexithymia was not a predictor of obesity/overweight. Restrained and emotional eating were predictors of obesity/overweight. Emotional and restrained eating were more common in obese and overweight adolescents than normal‐weight adolescents. External eating is not significantly associated with obesity but is related to insulin resistance.
Deciding for Others: An Expressivist Theory of Normative Judgment
Authors: Ayars Alisabeth 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper develops a new form of metaethical expressivism according to which the normative judgment that X should Φ consists in a decision that X Φ. When the judgment is first‐personal—e.g., my judgment thatIshould Φ—the view is similar to Gibbard’s plan expressivism, though the state I call “decision” differs somewhat from a Gibbard‐style plan. The deep difference between the views shows in the account of third‐personal judgments. Gibbard construes the judgment that Mary should Φ as a de se plan on the thinker’s part to Φ if she turns out to be Mary (the Subtle View). I construe the judgment as a decision for Marythat Mary Φ(the Simple View). The main argument for Simple Plan Expressivism is that it solves problems for Gibbard’s approach, resonates with a new and interesting moral psychology, and better makes sense of certain independently plausible constraints on normative judgment. In the end I argue that this account of normative judgment has implications for first‐order ethics, implying in particular that rational egoism as standardly formulated is incoherent.
I Think, Therefore I Act: The Influence of Critical Reasoning Ability on Trust and Behavior During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Cohen Alex Segrè , Lutzke Lauren , Otten Caitlin Drummond , Árvai Joseph 
Published: October 2021

AbstractActively open‐minded thinking (AOT) operates in three dimensions: it serves as a norm accounting for how one should search for and use information in judgment and decision making; it is a thinking style that one may adopt in accordance with the norm; and it sets standards for evaluating the thinking of others, particularly the trustworthiness of sources that claim authority. With the first and third dimensions in mind, we explore how AOT influences trust in public health experts, risk perceptions, and compliance with recommended behaviors aimed at slowing the spread and severity of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Using survey data from a nationally representative sample of Americans (N = 857), we tested whether AOT will lead people to place greater trust public health experts (H1). Because these experts have been consistently messaging that COVID‐19 is a real and serious threat to public health, we also hypothesized that trust in experts would be positively associated with high perceived risk (H2), which should have a positive influence on (self‐reported) compliance with CDC recommendations (H3). And because AOT is a self‐directed thinking style, we also expected it to directly influence risk perceptions and, by extension, compliance (H4). Our results support all four hypotheses. We discuss the implications of these results for how risk communication and risk management efforts are designed and practiced.
Response of Bacteria to Mechanical Stimuli
Authors: Evstigneeva S. S. , Telesheva E. M. , Mokeev D. I. , Borisov I. V. , Petrova L. P. , Shelud’ko A. V. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract—
Bacteria adapt rapidly to changes in ambient conditions, constantly inspecting their surroundings by means of their sensor systems. These systems are often thought to respond only to signals of a chemical nature. Yet, bacteria are often affected by mechanical forces, e.g., during transition from planktonic to sessile state. Mechanical stimuli, however, have seldom been considered as the signals bacteria can sense and respond to. Nonetheless, bacteria perceive mechanical stimuli, generate signals, and develop responses. This review analyzes the information on the way bacteria respond to mechanical stimuli and outlines how bacteria convert incoming signals into appropriate responses.
Differences in characteristics, aetiologies, isolated pathogens, and the efficacy of antibiotics in adult patients with preseptal cellulitis and orbital cellulitis between 2000–2009 and 2010–2019
Authors: Shih En-Jie , Chen Jui-Kuang , Tsai Pei-Jhen , Bee Youn-Shen 
Published: October 2021

Background/aimsTo understand whether the epidemiology, aetiologies, common pathogens and the antibiotic efficacy against the identified bacteria of periorbital cellulitis in adults have changed recently (2010–2019) compared with the past decade (2000–2009).MethodsAdult patients (n=224) diagnosed with preseptal cellulitis and orbital cellulitis admitted to Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital during 2000–2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic and clinical characteristics, isolated pathogens and antibiotic susceptibility tests against the commonly cultured bacteria were analysed.ResultsPreseptal cellulitis showed a tendency of female predominance. Patients in their 60s showed an incidence peak; more cases were observed during winter. The most common predisposing factor was dacryocystitis (15.5%–30.5%), followed by hordeolum (15.5%–24.8%). Aetiology of sinusitis (p=0.001) decreased and that of conjunctivitis (p=0.007) increased significantly with time. Culture results of nasopharyngeal swabs and local abscess showed higher positivity rate than conjunctival swab. The most common isolates were methicillin-susceptibleStaphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistantS. aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci andPseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotics including fluoroquinolones and vancomycin were effective; in contrast, ampicillin/sulbactam and oxacillin showed decreasing efficacy against gram-positive bacteria. For antibiotic treatment againstP. aeruginosa, fluoroquinolones, ceftazidime, piperacillin and imipenem were ideal choices.ConclusionIn isolated pathogens, the increasing trend of methicillin-resistantS. aureusdetection was compatible with reducing oxacillin efficacy against periorbital infection. In our study, the report of antibiotic efficacy against the most common identified bacteria offered empirical choices for hospitalised patients with periorbital infection before obtaining culture results.
Assessing the quality of care for children attending health facilities: a systematic review of assessment tools
Authors: Quach Alicia , Tosif Shidan , Nababan Herfina , Duke Trevor , Graham Stephen M , Were Wilson M , Muzigaba Moise , Russell Fiona M 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionAssessing quality of healthcare is integral in determining progress towards equitable health outcomes worldwide. Using the WHO ‘Standards for improving quality of care for children and young adolescents in health facilities’ as a reference standard, we aimed to evaluate existing tools that assess quality of care for children.MethodsWe undertook a systematic literature review of publications/reports between 2008 and 2020 that reported use of quality of care assessment tools for children (<15 years) in health facilities. Identified tools were reviewed against the 40 quality statements and 510 quality measures from the WHO Standards to determine the extent each tool was consistent with the WHO Standards. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO ID: CRD42020175652.ResultsNine assessment tools met inclusion criteria. Two hospital care tools developed by WHO-Europe and WHO-South-East Asia Offices had the most consistency with the WHO Standards, assessing 291 (57·1%) and 208 (40·8%) of the 510 quality measures, respectively. Remaining tools included between 33 (6·5%) and 206 (40·4%) of the 510 quality measures. The WHO-Europe tool was the only tool to assess all 40 quality statements. The most common quality measures absent were related to experience of care, particularly provision of educational, emotional and psychosocial support to children and families, and fulfilment of children’s rights during care.ConclusionQuality of care assessment tools for children in health facilities are missing some key elements highlighted by the WHO Standards. The WHO Standards are, however, extensive and applying all the quality measures in every setting may not be feasible. A consensus of key indicators to monitor the WHO Standards is required. Existing tools could be modified to include priority indicators to strengthen progress reporting towards delivering quality health services for children. In doing so, a balance between comprehensiveness and practical utility is needed.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020175652.
Incidence of pediatric injury visits decreased while trauma surgeries remained stable during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Finland: a register-based study
Authors: Kuorikoski Joonas , Kuitunen Ilari , Uimonen Mikko , Mattila Ville M , Ponkilainen Ville 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has reduced pediatric emergency department (ED) visits and surgeries. This study evaluates the incidence of pediatric trauma ED visits and surgeries in Finland during the first and second waves of the pandemic.MethodsThree large Finnish hospitals, covering one-sixth of the Finnish pediatric population, participated. Data on all ED visits and trauma surgeries between January 2017 and December 2020 were collected from hospital discharge registers. Monthly incidences with 95% CI were calculated per 100 000 person-months by Poisson exact method and compared by incidence rate ratio (IRR).ResultsDuring the lockdown the incidence of head injuries (IRR 0.19, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.87), sprains (IRR 0.25, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.46), and fractures (IRR 0.36, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.51) decreased in the 13–17 years age group. In the 4–12 years age group a 55% decrease (IRR 0.45, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.96) in head injuries was observed. During the period of regional restrictions a subtle decrease in head injuries was seen in the 13–17 years age group (IRR 0.26, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.78). During the lockdown in March 2020 the incidence of fractures decreased in the oldest age group (13–17 years) (IRR 0.62, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.85), while a rebound in incidence was seen at the end of the lockdown period in June.ConclusionThe nationwide lockdown and the cancellation of sports and other hobbies markedly decreased the injuries among children aged 13–17 years, while the decrease was lower among children aged 4–12 years. Cancellation of sports and hobbies did not affect patients under 4 years of age.
Characterization of Peptides Targeting Metastatic Tumor Cells as Probes for Cancer Detection and Vehicles for Therapy Delivery
Authors: Subramanian Shraddha , Daquinag Alexes C. , AghaAmiri Solmaz , Ghosh Sukhen C. , Azhdarinia Ali , Kolonin Mikhail G. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and metastatic cancers remain largely incurable due to chemoresistance. Biomarkers of metastatic cells are lacking, and probes that could be used to detect and target metastases would be highly valuable. Here we hypothesize that metastatic cancer cells express cell-surface receptors that can be harnessed for identification of molecules homing to metastases. Screening a combinatorial library in a mouse mammary tumor model of spontaneous metastasis identified cyclic peptides with tropism for cancer cells disseminated to the lungs. Two lead peptides, CLRHSSKIC and CRAGVGRGC, bound murine and human cells derived from breast carcinoma and melanoma in culture and were selective for metastatic cells in vivo. In mice, peptide CRAGVGRGC radiolabeled with 67Ga for biodistribution analysis demonstrated selective probe homing to lung metastases. Moreover, systemic administration of 68Ga-labeled CRAGVGRGC enabled noninvasive imaging of lung metastases in mice by PET. A CRAGVGRGC-derived peptide induced apoptosis upon cell internalization in vitro and suppressed metastatic burden in vivo. Colocalization of CLRHSSKIC and CRAGVGRGC with N-cadherin+/E-cadherin− cells indicated that both peptides are selective for cancer cells that have undergone the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. We conclude that CRAGVGRGC is useful as a probe to facilitate the development of imaging modalities and therapies targeting metastases.

Significance:
This study identifies new molecules that bind metastatic cells and demonstrates their application as noninvasive imaging probes and vehicles for cytotoxic therapy delivery in preclinical cancer models.
CstF64-Induced Shortening of the BID 3′UTR Promotes Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression by Disrupting ceRNA Cross-talk with ZFP36L2
Authors: Lin Ai , Ji Ping , Niu Xiangjie , Zhao Xuan , Chen Yamei , Liu Weiling , Liu Yachen , Fan Wenyi , Sun Yanxia , Miao Chuanwang , Zhang Shaosen , Tan Wen , Lin Dongxin , Wagner Eric J. , Wu Chen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

The majority of human genes have multiple polyadenylation sites, which are differentially used through the process of alternative polyadenylation (APA). Dysregulation of APA contributes to numerous diseases, including cancer. However, specific genes subject to APA that impact oncogenesis have not been well characterized, and many cancer APA landscapes remain underexplored. Here, we used dynamic analyses of APA from RNA-seq (DaPars) to define both the 3′UTR APA profile in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and to identify 3′UTR shortening events that may drive tumor progression. In four distinct squamous cell carcinoma datasets, BID 3′UTRs were recurrently shortened and BID mRNA levels were significantly upregulated. Moreover, system correlation analysis revealed that CstF64 is a candidate upstream regulator of BID 3′UTR length. Mechanistically, a shortened BID 3′UTR promoted proliferation of ESCC cells by disrupting competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) cross-talk, resulting in downregulation of the tumor suppressor gene ZFP36L2. These in vitro and in vivo results were supported by human patient data whereby 3′UTR shortening of BID and low expression of ZFP36L2 are prognostic factors of survival in ESCC. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that a key ceRNA network is disrupted through APA and promotes ESCC tumor progression.

Significance: High-throughput analysis of alternative polyadenylation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma identifies recurrent shortening of the BID 3′UTR as a driver of disease progression.
Functional Outcomes and Social Attainment in Asian/Pacific Islander Childhood Cancer Survivors in the United States: A Report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Sato Satomi , Li Nan , Dixon Stephanie B. , Kato Miho , Zhang Hui , Li Chi Kong , Howell Rebecca M. , Leisenring Wendy M. , Bhatia Smita , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Yasui Yutaka , Krull Kevin R. , Cheung Yin Ting 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background:
Given the relatively small population of Asians or Pacific Islanders (API) in the United States, studies describing long-term outcomes in API survivors of childhood cancer are limited. This study compared functional outcomes between API versus non-Hispanic White (NHW) survivors.

Methods:
This study included 203 API 5-year survivors [age at follow-up: 29.2 (SD = 6.3) years] and 12,186 NHW survivors [age at follow-up 31.5 (SD = 7.3) years] from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Self-reported functional outcomes of neurocognitive function, emotional distress, quality of life, and social attainment were compared between the two groups using multivariable regression, adjusted for sex, age at diagnosis and evaluation, cancer diagnosis, and neurotoxic treatment.

Results:
No statistically significant race/ethnicity-based differences were identified in neurocognitive and emotional measures. API survivors reported, on average, less bodily pain than NHW survivors [mean 54.11 (SD = 8.98) vs. 51.32 (SD = 10.12); P &lt; 0.001]. NHW survivors were less likely to have attained at least a college degree than API survivors [OR = 0.50; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.34–0.73]. API survivors were more likely than NHW survivors to be never-married (OR = 2.83; 95% CI = 1.93–4.13) and to live dependently (OR = 3.10; 95% CI = 2.02–4.74). Older age (&gt;45 years), brain tumor diagnosis, and higher cranial radiation dose were associated with poorer functional outcomes in API survivors (all, P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions:
We observed differences in social attainment between API and NHW survivors, although statistically significant differences in neurocognitive and emotional outcomes were not identified.

Impact:
Future studies should evaluate whether racial/ethnic differences in environmental and sociocultural factors may have differential effects on health and functional outcomes.
Disease-Associated Risk Variants in ANRIL Are Associated with Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Presence in Primary Melanomas in the Population-Based GEM Study
Authors: Davari Danielle R. , Orlow Irene , Kanetsky Peter A. , Luo Li , Edmiston Sharon N. , Conway Kathleen , Parrish Eloise A. , Hao Honglin , Busam Klaus J. , Sharma Ajay , Kricker Anne , Cust Anne E. , Anton-Culver Hoda , Gruber Stephen B. , Gallagher Richard P. , Zanetti Roberto , Rosso Stefano , Sacchetto Lidia , Dwyer Terence , Ollila David W. , Begg Colin B. , Berwick Marianne , Thomas Nancy E. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background:
Genome-wide association studies have reported that genetic variation at ANRIL (CDKN2B-AS1) is associated with risk of several chronic diseases including coronary artery disease, coronary artery calcification, myocardial infarction, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. ANRIL is located at the CDKN2A/B locus, which encodes multiple melanoma tumor suppressors. We investigated the association of these variants with melanoma prognostic characteristics.

Methods:
The Genes, Environment, and Melanoma Study enrolled 3,285 European origin participants with incident invasive primary melanoma. For each of ten disease-associated SNPs at or near ANRIL, we used linear and logistic regression modeling to estimate, respectively, the per allele mean changes in log of Breslow thickness and ORs for presence of ulceration and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). We also assessed effect modification by tumor NRAS/BRAF mutational status.

Results:
Rs518394, rs10965215, and rs564398 passed false discovery and were each associated (P ≤ 0.005) with TILs, although only rs564398 was independently associated (P = 0.0005) with TILs. Stratified by NRAS/BRAF mutational status, rs564398*A was significantly positively associated with TILs among NRAS/BRAF mutant, but not wild-type, cases. We did not find SNP associations with Breslow thickness or ulceration.

Conclusions:
ANRIL rs564398 was associated with TIL presence in primary melanomas, and this association may be limited to NRAS/BRAF-mutant cases.

Impact:
Pathways related to ANRIL variants warrant exploration in relationship to TILs in melanoma, especially given the impact of TILs on immunotherapy and survival.
Alcohol Intake and Endogenous Hormones in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women: Findings from the UK Biobank
Authors: Tin Tin Sandar , Key Timothy J. , Reeves Gillian K. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background:
Alcohol intake may influence breast cancer risk in women through hormonal changes, but the evidence to date is inconclusive. We investigated cross-sectional associations between habitual alcohol intake and serum concentrations of testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and estradiol (premenopausal women only) in UK Biobank.

Methods:
We included 30,557 premenopausal and 134,029 postmenopausal women aged between 40 and 69 years when recruited between 2006 and 2010. At their initial assessment visit, habitual alcohol intake was assessed using a touchscreen questionnaire, and serum hormone concentrations were assayed. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed.

Results:
Per 10 g/day increment in alcohol intake, testosterone concentration was 3.9% [95% confidence intervals (CI): 3.3%–4.5%] higher in premenopausal women and 2.3% (1.8%–2.7%) higher in postmenopausal women (Pheterogeneity &lt; 0.0001); SHBG concentration was 0.7% (0.2%–1.1%) higher in premenopausal women and 2.4% (2.2%–2.6%) lower in postmenopausal women (Pheterogeneity &lt; 0.0001); and IGF-1 concentration was 1.9% (1.7%–2.1%) lower in premenopausal women and 0.8% (0.6%–0.9%) lower in postmenopausal women (Pheterogeneity &lt; 0.0001). In premenopausal women, there was no significant overall association of alcohol with estradiol but a positive association was observed in the early and mid-luteal phases: 1.9% (95% CI: 0.2%–3.6%) and 2.4% (95% CI: 0.7%–4.2%) higher, respectively.

Conclusions:
This study confirms significant but modest associations between alcohol intake and hormones, with evidence of heterogeneity by menopausal status.

Impact:
The findings facilitate better understanding of whether alcohol intake influences hormone concentrations, but further work is necessary to fully understand the mechanisms linking alcohol with cancer risk.