bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Activity Therapy on Improving the Self Esteem among Women with Mental Illness
Authors: Choudhary Virendra Singh , Chaudhary Geeta 
Published: May 2021

Self-esteem is an important component of psychological health. Much previous research indicates that lowered self-esteem frequently accompanies psychiatric disorders. It has been suggested that low self-esteem is an etiological factor in many psychiatric conditions as well as in suicidal individuals. Self-esteem also plays some role in quality of life for psychiatric patients.
The objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of activity therapy in improving the self-esteem of mentally ill women.
A quantitative, single-group pretest posttest design is adopted and Non- probability convenient sampling technique is used to select the 60 women with mental illness at psychiatric rehabilitation centre, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. Samples were divided in to four groups. In pre test the level of self esteem was assessed by Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (RSES). Each group should to select in each week and gave the activity intervention. After the intervention the post was conducted.
Demographic variables were analyzed with descriptive (mean, median and standard deviation) and clinical variables were inferential statistics (Chi- square and paired “t” Test).
In this study 70.0% of the women have low self esteem score. After activity therapy intervention 76.7% of them are having normal self esteem score, 23.3% of the women are having low Self-esteem score. Women are gained 26.3% of self esteem.
These study findings concluded that nurse’s role in managing and improving the self esteem is obligatory. Through activity therapy, women with mental illness self-esteem had got improved 26.3% that indicate the effectiveness of activity therapy in improving the self-esteem of the women with mental illness.
Monte Carlo Simulation: Are We There Yet?
Authors: Vats Dootika , Flegal James M. , Jones Galin L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDeciding when to stop a Monte Carlo simulation can be a problem of plenty: getting more simulated data is generally cheap, making it difficult to determine when to terminate simulation. Output analysis aims to address this issue by assessing variability of Monte Carlo estimators and terminating simulation when this variability is small via sequential stopping rules. We present a workflow for implementing sequential stopping rules for classical Monte Carlo and Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations. These are implemented over a variety of examples that highlight some challenges of stopping rules.
Loss‐of‐function variants in Kv11.1 cardiac channels as a biomarker for SUDEP
Authors: Soh Ming S. , Bagnall Richard D. , Bennett Mark F. , Bleakley Lauren E. , Mohamed Syazwan Erlina S. , Phillips A. Marie , Chiam Mathew D. F. , McKenzie Chaseley E. , Hildebrand Michael , Crompton Douglas , Bahlo Melanie , Semsarian Christopher , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Berkovic Samuel F. , Reid Christopher A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the frequency and impact on the channel function of KCNH2 variants in SUDEP patients with epilepsy controls comprising patients older than 50 years, a group with low SUDEP risk, and establish loss‐of‐function KCNH2 variants as predictive biomarkers of SUDEP risk.MethodsWe searched for KCNH2 variants with a minor allele frequency of <5%. Functional analysis in Xenopus laevis oocytes was performed for all KCNH2 variants identified.ResultsKCNH2 variants were found in 11.1% (10/90) of SUDEP individuals compared to 6.0% (20/332) of epilepsy controls (p = 0.11). Loss‐of‐function KCNH2 variants, defined as causing >20% reduction in maximal amplitude, were observed in 8.9% (8/90) SUDEP patients compared to 3.3% (11/332) epilepsy controls suggesting about threefold enrichment (nominal p = 0.04). KCNH2 variants that did not change channel function occurred at a similar frequency in SUDEP (2.2%; 2/90) and epilepsy control (2.7%; 9/332) cohorts (p > 0.99). Rare KCNH2 variants (<1% allele frequency) associated with greater loss of function and an ~11‐fold enrichment in the SUDEP cohort (nominal p = 0.03). In silico tools were unable to predict the impact of a variant on function highlighting the need for electrophysiological analysis.InterpretationThese data show that loss‐of‐function KCNH2 variants are enriched in SUDEP patients when compared to an epilepsy population older than 50 years, suggesting that cardiac mechanisms contribute to SUDEP risk. We propose that genetic screening in combination with functional analysis can identify loss‐of‐function KCNH2 variants that could act as biomarkers of an individual’s SUDEP risk.
Nanogel‐Facilitated Protein Intracellular Specific Degradation through Trim‐Away
Authors: Sui Binglin , Wang Mingming , Cheng Chen , Zhang Quanguang , Zhang Jiajia , Fan Daping , Xu Peisheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe recently discovered “Trim‐Away” mechanism opens a new window for fast and selective degradation of endogenous proteins. However, the in vivo and clinical application of this approach is hindered by the requirement of special skills and equipment needed for the intracellular delivery of antibodies. Here, an antibody conjugated polymer nanogel system, nanogel‐facilitated protein intracellular specific degradation (Nano‐ERASER), for intracellular delivery and release of antibody, and degradation of a specific endogenous protein is developed. After being delivered into cells, the antibody is released and forms a complex with its target protein, and subsequently binds to the Fc receptor of Tripartite motif 21 (TRIM21). The resulting complex of target protein/antibody/TRIM21 is then degraded by the proteasome. The efficacy of Nano‐ERASER is validated by depleting GFP protein in a GFP expressing cell line. Furthermore, Nano‐ERASER successfully degrades the coatomer protein complex ζ1, a vital protein for cancer cells, and kills those cells while sparing normal cells. Benefitting from its convenience and targeted delivery merit, Nano‐ERASER technique is promising in providing a reliable tool for endogenous protein function study as well as paves the way for novel antibody‐based Trim‐Away therapeutic modalities for cancer and other diseases.
In Situ Synthesis of Mechanically Robust, Transparent Nanofiber‐Reinforced Hydrogels for Highly Sensitive Multiple Sensing
Authors: Lu Xuyan , Si Yang , Zhang Shichao , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHydrogels that are both highly conductive and mechanically robust have demonstrated great potential in various applications ranging from healthcare to soft robotics; however, the creation of such materials remains an enormous challenge. This study presents an in situ synthesis strategy for developing bioinspired chemically integrated silica‐nanofiber‐reinforced hydrogels (SFRHs) with robust mechanical and electronic performance. The strategy is to synthesize soft hydrogel matrices from acrylamide monomers in the presence of well‐dispersed silica nanofibers and vinyl silane, which generates homogenous SFRHs with innovative interfacial chemical bonds. The resultant SFRHs exhibit excellent mechanical properties including high mechanical strength of 0.3 MPa at a fracture strain of 1400%, high Young's modulus of 0.11 MPa (comparable to human skin), and superelasticity over 1000 tensile cycles without plastic deformation, while maintaining high transmittance (≥83%). In parallel, the SFRHs show enhanced ionic conductivity (3.93 S m−1) and can monitor multiple stimuli (stretching, compressing, and bending) with high sensitivity (gauge factor of 2.67) and ultra‐durability (10 000 cycles). This work may shed light on the design and development of tough and stretchable hydrogels for various applications.
Biocompatible and Biodegradable Light‐Emitting Materials and Devices
Authors: Kong Deying , Zhang Kaiyuan , Tian Jingjing , Yin Lan , Sheng Xing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractImplantable devices with desirable biocompatibility and even degradability are of significant interest to biomedical communities. Biologically safe and resorbable electronic materials and devices have been extensively explored, and numerous biodegradable optical sensors, detectors, and waveguides have also been successfully demonstrated. However, biocompatible and degradable optical emitters, especially electrically driven ones, are relatively underexplored. This article provides an overview on the recent progress in the development of biocompatible and biodegradable light‐emitting materials and devices. First, an introduction on molecular dyes, proteins, and inorganic particles with photoluminescence is provided. Subsequently, material systems with unusual optical properties including sonoluminescence, chemiluminescence, and bioluminescence are highlighted. Finally, electroluminescent materials and device with potential for fully biodegradation are emphasized upon. Upon success, it is envisioned that these biodegradable light‐emitting materials and devices would provide effective and unique capabilities in broad biomedical applications from biological sensing and modulation to clinical diagnostics and therapy.
Polaron Plasma in Equilibrium with Bright Excitons in 2D and 3D Hybrid Perovskites
Authors: Simbula Angelica , Pau Riccardo , Wang Qingqian , Liu Fang , Sarritzu Valerio , Lai Stefano , Lodde Matteo , Mattana Francesco , Mula Guido , Geddo Lehmann Alessandra , Spanopoulos Ioannis D. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. , Marongiu Daniela , Quochi Francesco , Saba Michele , Mura Andrea , Bongiovanni Giovanni 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRapid advances in perovskite photovoltaics have produced efficient solar cells, with stability and duration improving thanks to variations in materials composition, including the use of layered 2D perovskites. A major reason for the success of perovskite photovoltaics is the presence of free carriers as majority optical excitations in 3D materials at room temperature. On the other hand, the current understanding is that in 2D perovskites or at cryogenic temperatures insulating bound excitons form, which need to be split in solar cells and are not beneficial to photoconversion. Here, a tandem spectroscopy technique that combines ultrafast photoluminescence and differential transmission is applied to demonstrate a plasma of unbound charge carriers in chemical equilibrium with a minority phase of light‐emitting excitons, even in 2D perovskites and at cryogenic temperatures. The underlying photophysics is interpreted as formation of large polarons, charge carriers coupled to lattice deformations, in place of excitons. A conductive polaron plasma foresees novel mechanisms for LEDs and lasers, as well as a prominent role for 2D perovskites in photovoltaics.
Nitrogen calibration strip: An on‐farm tool to further reduce N requirements in cotton on an integrated crop‐livestock rotation system
Authors: Sidhu Sudeep Singh , Wright David L. , George Sheeja , Small Ian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production systems, mineral N is the most managed nutrient because of its mobility and therefore optimal use of N is an important goal for sustainable management of cotton. Soil characteristics influence the availability of N for plant growth and therefore spatial variability in soil should be considered for optimal N fertilization. The study was established in a 4‐yr rotation with 2 yr of bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flueggé) followed by peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and cotton. A 2‐yr study was conducted to develop zone‐specific in‐season N recommendations based on soil electrical conductivity (EC) variations captured by Veris MSP3. Each year, nitrogen calibration strips (NCS) were established in the cotton quadrant to inform in‐season N fertilization rate decisions. The NCS informed in‐season N rates varied from 34 to 101 kg N ha–1 for two EC zones. In 2019, NCS informed N rate (34 kg N ha–1) was a 50% reduction from the standard N rate of 67 kg ha–1 with no loss in cotton lint yield in zone 1. In zone 2, in‐season N application was reduced to 50 kg N ha–1 from the standard N rate with no loss in cotton lint yield. Nitrogen calibration strips have the potential to be used as an on‐farm tool to assist growers in making optimal in‐season N application decisions.
Parameter estimation for nonlinear systems with multirate measurements and random delays
Authors: Han Ruijing , Salehi Yousef , Huang Biao , Prasad Vinay 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe present an approach for parameter estimation with multirate measurements, with the slow measurements having variable time delays due to laboratory analysis, and also being functions of all the states during the sample collection. We formulate a particle filter‐based approach under the framework of the expectation maximization algorithm to develop the estimates. The effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method are demonstrated though a simulation example, a hybrid tank experiment and an industrial case study; in each case, the slow and fast measurements are for the same variable. We show that this approach results in improved parameter estimation when the information from the delayed measurements is fused with the fast measurement information.
The hydrotreatment of n‐C16 over Pt/HPMo/SBA‐15 and the investigation of diffusion effect using a novel W‐P criterion
Authors: Sun Junhao , Mu Chao , Li Yi , Zhao Yujun , Wang Shengping , Ma Xinbin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA series of Pt/HPMo/SBA‐15 catalysts with the pore size as a single variable were prepared to elucidate the internal diffusion effect on the hydrotreatment of n‐C16. A novel model was developed to calculate the Weisz‐Prater number (NW‐P) because the traditional model relies on excessive empirical reference values and affects the accuracy remarkably. The utilization of the internal effectiveness factor, Thiele modulus, and the apparent activities over catalysts with different diffusion capacity gave rise to NW‐P with improved accuracy, which can also be extended to other heterogeneous catalytic systems with macromolecules as reactants. Combining the novel model with the diffusion–reaction kinetic method, a conclusion has been drawn that the formation of m‐i‐C16 is more susceptible to internal diffusion than the consumption of n‐C16. Besides, the pore size should be not less than 10 nm to avoid the step‐limitation of internal diffusion, in the premise of adequate acid sites.
Musculoskeletal injury symptoms among hired Latinx child farmworkers in North Carolina
Authors: Quandt Sara A. , Arnold Taylor J. , Talton Jennifer W. , Miles Christopher M. , Mora Dana C. , Arcury Thomas A. , Daniel Stephanie S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough children 10–17 years can be hired to work in agriculture, little research has addressed possible musculoskeletal injuries. Children may be at particular risk for these injuries because of the repetitive and load bearing nature of work tasks. Existing research relies on child workers to self‐report musculoskeletal injuries.MethodsIn 2017, 202 Latinx child farmworkers ages 10–17 employed across North Carolina completed survey interviews. In 2018, 145 of these children (94 [64.8%] current farmworkers) completed a physical examination and second interview. The examination obtained findings for upper and lower extremity as well as back injuries.ResultsPositive indicators for musculoskeletal symptoms were few in either current or former child farmworkers. The knee was most common site for positive indicators with 15.4% of children having at least one. Combining all anatomical sites, 29.0% of children had at least one positive indicator, with no significant difference between current and former farmworkers. Overall, boys had significantly more indicators of knee injuries than girls (21.3% vs. 4.1%), indicators of ankle injuries were found only in the youngest workers (9.5% of children 11–13 years), and significantly fewer current farmworkers had indicators of lower back injuries than former farmworkers (6.4% vs. 17.7%).ConclusionsExpectations of injuries come from previous studies using child farmworker self‐reports, adult farmworker injury rates, and sports medicine pediatric findings. Hired child farmworkers may not perform activities as repetitious and load‐bearing as children in sports training or adult farmworkers. Additional research using physical examination is needed to confirm these findings.
Simpson‐Golabi‐Behmel syndrome: One family, same mutation, different outcome
Authors: Fernandes Carla , Paúl Alexandra , Venâncio Maria Margarida , Ramos Fabiana 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSimpson‐Golabi‐Behmel syndrome (SGBS) is a rare X‐linked condition characterized by pre and postnatal overgrowth with visceral and skeletal abnormalities. The syndrome is caused mainly by mutations in the X‐linked gene GPC3. Clinical presentation of SGBS in affected males is well defined, but there is a lack of knowledge about affected females, with very few reported cases. In total, eight female carriers with clinical expression of SGBS have been reported to date. In the present report, we describe the ninth patient and her family history. The interesting features of our female patient are the Wilms' tumor and the transfontanelar ultrasound findings. The patient's older sister, carrier of the same mutation, has minor facial dysmorphisms but no congenital anomalies and so far, no further clinical findings, as well as her mother and grandmother. There is a lesson to be learned from these rare cases, namely that SGBS may have a significant clinical expression in females, and therefore, screening should be considered in all patients with SGBS regardless of the sex or phenotypic severity.
Nutritional geometry of female chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: Uwimbabazi Moreen , Raubenheimer David , Tweheyo Mnason , Basuta Gilbert I. , Conklin‐Brittain Nancy L. , Wrangham Richard W. , Rothman Jessica M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPrimate foraging is influenced by the spatial and temporal distribution of foods, which may facilitate or constrain optimal nutrient intakes. Chimpanzees are frugivorous primates that mainly subsist on ripe fruit that is typically low in available protein (AP) and high in easily digestible carbohydrates. Because chimpanzees prefer ripe fruit and often eat it in large quantities compared with other foods, we hypothesized that protein intake would be tightly regulated while non‐protein energy (NPE) would vary with fruit intake. To test this hypothesis, we conducted all‐day follows on female chimpanzees, recorded all types of food consumed (i.e., drupes, figs, and non‐fruit foods), estimated the nutritional contributions of these foods to daily NPE and AP intake and investigated how the ratio of NPE to AP varied due to changes in the types of foods consumed. Although the proportions of drupes, figs, and non‐fruit foods varied in their diets, female chimpanzees maintained a relatively stable intake of AP while intake of NPE varied depending on the daily diet, demonstrating that like other frugivorous primates studied to date, chimpanzees prioritize protein. The mean daily ratio of NPE to AP was 7:1, which is similar to that of other frugivorous primates studied. Our results support the hypothesis that frugivorous animals may generally prioritize AP, while maximizing NPE intake within that constraint, and could shed light on aspects of human dietary evolution.
Allometric scaling and growth: Evaluation and applications in subadult body mass estimation
Authors: Yim An‐Di , Konigsberg Lyle W. , Hwa Hsiao‐Lin , Chang Chin‐Chen , Chen Jo‐Yu , Liu Hon‐Man 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesPreviously developed methods in subadult body mass estimation have not been tested in populations other than European–American or African–American. This study uses a contemporary Taiwanese sample to test these methods. Through evaluating their accuracy and bias, we addressed whether the allometric relationships between body mass and skeletal traits commonly used in subadult body mass estimation are conserved among different populations.Materials and MethodsComputed tomography scans of lower limbs from individuals aged 0–17 years old of both sexes were collected from National Taiwan University Hospital along with documented body weight. Polar second moment of area, distal femoral metaphyseal breadth, and maximum superior/inferior femoral head diameter were collected either directly from the scans or from reconstructed 3D models. Estimated body mass was compared with documented body mass to assess the performance of the equations.ResultsCurrent methods provided good body mass estimates in Taiwanese individuals, with accuracy and bias similar to those reported in other validation studies. A tendency for increasing error with increasing age was observed for all methods. Reduced major axis regression showed the allometric relationships between different skeletal traits and body mass across different age categories can all be summarized using a common fitted line. A revised, maximum likelihood‐based approach was proposed for all skeletal traits.DiscussionThe results suggested that the allometric relationships between body mass and different skeletal traits are largely conserved among populations. The revised method provided improved applicability with strong underlying theoretical justifications, and potential for future improvements.
Reversed Charge Transfer and Enhanced Hydrogen Spillover in Platinum Nanoclusters Anchored on Titanium Oxide with Rich Oxygen Vacancies Boost Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wei Zhen‐Wei , Wang Hong‐Juan , Zhang Chao , Xu Kun , Lu Xiu‐Li , Lu Tong‐Bu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe catalytic activity of metal clusters is closely related with the support; however, knowledge on the influence of the support on the catalytic activity is scarce. We demonstrate that Pt nanoclusters (NCs) anchored on porous TiO2 nanosheets with rich oxygen vacancies (VO‐rich Pt/TiO2) and deficient oxygen vacancies (VO‐deficient Pt/TiO2), display significantly different catalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), in which VO‐rich Pt/TiO2 shows a mass activity of 45.28 A mgPt−1 at −0.1 V vs. RHE, which is 16.7 and 58.8 times higher than those of VO‐deficient Pt/TiO2 and commercial Pt/C, respectively. DFT calculations and in situ Raman spectra suggest that porous TiO2 with rich oxygen vacancies can simultaneously achieve reversed charge transfer (electrons transfer from TiO2 to Pt NCs) and enhanced hydrogen spillover from Pt NCs to the TiO2 support, which leads to electron‐rich Pt NCs being amenable to proton reduction of absorbed H*, as well as the acceleration of hydrogen desorption at Pt catalytic sites—both promoting the HER. Our work provides a new strategy for rational design of highly efficient HER catalysts.
Pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block for hip fracture in the emergency department: a case series
Authors: Rocha‐Romero A. , Arias‐Mejia K. , Salas‐Ruiz A. , Peng P. W. H. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryGuidelines for the management of hip fractures recommend timely identification, analgesia and optimisation, in order to facilitate prompt surgical repair. In achieving these aims, multidisciplinary care is essential. In this case series, we present five patients who received bedside pericapsular nerve group (PENG) blocks by emergency physicians in collaboration with the anaesthesia team for pain management following hip fracture. The PENG block is a novel motor‐ and opioid‐sparing technique, which offers long‐lasting analgesia and requires less volume than other blocks. In all of the cases in this series, the blocks were performed successfully in a short period of time, without complication. All patients reported a clinically important reduction in pain scores. Patients with hip fracture are often medically complex, and while early surgery is not always possible, pain management should be addressed from an early point in their hospital admission. Multidisciplinary input into peri‐operative pathways can enhance the provision of analgesia in the emergency department, by allowing anaesthetists and emergency physicians to work together for the benefit of these often‐frail patients.