bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laboratory Study of Antenna Signals Generated by Dust Impacts on Spacecraft
Authors: Shen Mitchell M. , Sternovsky Zoltan , Horányi Mihály , Hsu Hsiang‐Wen , Malaspina David M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSpace missions often carry antenna instruments that are sensitive to dust impacts, however, the understanding of signal generation mechanisms remained incomplete. A signal generation model in an analytical form is presented that provides a good agreement with laboratory measurements. The model is based on the direct and induced charging of the spacecraft from the collected and escaping fraction of free charges from the impact generated plasma cloud. A set of laboratory experiments is performed using a 20:1 scaled down model of the Cassini spacecraft in a dust accelerator facility. The results show that impact plasmas can be modeled as a plume of ions streaming away from the impact location and a cloud of isotropically expanding electrons. The fitting of the model to the collected antenna waveforms provide some of the key parameters of the impact plasma. The model also shows that the amplitudes of the impact signals can be significantly reduced in typical space environments due the discharging effects in the ambient plasma.
Amphidromic Lines in the Atmosphere: An Example of Global Pressure Field Annual Harmonic
Authors: Zhao Enjin , Mu Lin , Jiang Haoyu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAmphidrome refers to an oceanic point where the amplitude of one harmonic constituent of the tidal system is zero, and the phase of the harmonic constituent is undetermined. The concept of amphidrome can also be used in climatological studies because of the existence of annual amphidromes, points of zero amplitude, and ill‐defined phase of annual cycle. This study investigated the global atmospheric geopotential height from the ERA‐interim to identify annual amphidromes at different isobaric altitudes. Many well‐defined annual amphidromes were identified. These amphidromic points appear always as twins with different rotating directions with respect to phases. This phenomenon can be explained mathematically with the basic theory of spherical algebraic topology, suggesting amphidrome twins as a common feature for periodic variables in the atmosphere. Due to the spatial continuity of atmospheric parameters, amphidromes at different isobaric altitudes can be concatenated into amphidromic lines. Amphidromic lines have a three‐dimensional structure with both clockwise and anticlockwise vertical branches connected by one or two horizontal components. Particularly, some amphidromic lines in the atmosphere can be closed loops when they are connected by two horizontal components. The rotary phases around the amphidromic loops are similar to the magnetic induction lines around a closed electromagnetic coil.
Electron Trapping in Magnetic Mirror Structures at the Edge of Magnetopause Flux Ropes
Authors: Robertson S. L. , Eastwood J. P. , Stawarz J. E. , Hietala H. , Phan T. D. , Lavraud B. , Burch J. L. , Giles B. , Gershman D. J. , Torbert R. , Lindqvist P.‐A. , Ergun R. E. , Russell C. T. , Strangeway R. J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFlux ropes are a proposed site for particle energization during magnetic reconnection, with several mechanisms proposed. Here, Magnetospheric Multiscale mission observations of magnetic mirror structures on the edge of two ion‐scale magnetopause flux ropes are presented. Donut‐shaped features in the electron pitch angle distributions provide evidence for electron trapping in the structures. Furthermore, both events show trapping with extended 3D structure along the body of the flux rope. Potential formation mechanisms, such as the magnetic mirror instability, are examined and the evolutionary states of the structures are compared. Pressure and force analysis suggest that such structures could provide an important electron acceleration mechanism for magnetopause flux ropes, and for magnetic reconnection more generally.
Siland a R package for estimating the spatial influence of landscape
Authors: Carpentier Florence , Martin Olivier 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe spatial distributions of populations are both influenced by local variables and by characteristics of surrounding landscapes. Understanding how landscape features spatially structure the frequency of a trait in a population, the abundance of a species or the species’ richness remains difficult specially because the spatial scale effects of the landscape variables are unknown. Various methods have been proposed but their results are not easily comparable. Here, we introduce “siland”, a general method for analyzing the effect of landscape features. Based on a sequential procedure of maximum likelihood estimation, it simultaneously estimates the spatial scales and intensities of landscape variable effects. It does not require any information about the scale of effect. It integrates two landscape effects models: one is based on focal sample site (Bsiland, b for buffer) and one is distance weighted using Spatial Influence Function (Fsiland, f for function). We implemented “siland” in the adaptable and user-friendly R eponym package. It performs landscape analysis on georeferenced point observations (described in a Geographic Information System shapefile format) and allows for effects tests, effects maps and models comparison. We illustrated its use on a real dataset by the study of a crop pest (codling moth densities).
A novel prognostic model to predict outcome of artificial liver support system treatment
Authors: Shang Jin , Wang Mengqiao , Wen Qin , Ma Yuanji , Chen Fang , Xu Yan , Liu Chang-Hai , Bai Lang , Tang Hong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe prognosis of Artificial liver support system (ALSS) for hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) is hard to be expected, which results in multiple operations of ALSS and excessive consumption of plasma, increase in clinical cost. A total of 375 HBV-ACLF patients receiving ALSS treatment were randomly divided a train set and an independent test set. Logistic regression analysis was conducted and a decision tree was built based on 3-month survival as outcome. The ratio of total bilirubin before and after the first time of ALSS treatment was the most significant prognostic factor, we named it RPTB. Further, a decision tree based on the multivariate logistic regression model using CTP score and the RPTB was built, dividing patients into 3 main groups such as favorable prognosis group, moderate prognosis group and poor prognosis group. A clearly-presented and easily-understood decision tree was built with a good predictive value of prognosis in HBV-related ACLF patients after first-time ALSS treatment. It will help maximal the therapeutic value of ALSS treatment and may play an important role in organ allocation for liver transplantation in the future.
A nonlinear optimal control approach for the pulping process of paper mills
Authors: Rigatos G. , Abbaszadeh M. , Cuccurullo G. , Siano P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe mechanical pulping process is non‐linear and multivariable. To solve the related control problem, the dynamic model of the pulping process undergoes first approximate linearization around a temporary operating point which is updated at each iteration of the control algorithm. The linearization process relies on first‐order Taylor series expansion and on the computation of the Jacobian matrices of the state‐space model of the pulping process. For the approximately linearized description of the pulping process, a stabilizing H‐infinity feedback controller is designed. To compute the controller's feedback gains, an algebraic Riccati equation is solved at each time‐step of the control method. The stability properties of the control scheme are proven through Lyapunov analysis.
Stackelberg game for heterogeneous traffics management in next‐generation cellular network
Authors: Asif Muhammad , Ghani‐ur‐Rehman  , Zubair Muhammad , Abid Muhammad , Badshah Afzal 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe innovations in the internet of things and the advent of media‐intensive applications have massively increased the data burden on third‐ and fourth‐generation (wireless cellular technology) mobile networks. The existing cellular networks face an overloading issue due to the growing rate of data traffics resultantly reducing the quality of service (QoS) in terms of delay and throughput. To overcome this issue, mobile network operators are searching for well‐organized ways to support such a massive data flow. Mobile data offloading schemes through small cells such as WiFi can be implemented to provide a lucrative and effective solution. A game‐based quality of service model for heterogeneous traffic to achieve the quality of service parameters is proposed. This model deals with a trade‐off between mobile network operators and access points, allocating economic incentives by mobile network operators to acess points for saving the spectrum. The model is simulated in MATLAB and the preliminary analyses proved the intense impact of the model on the offloading ratio and energy consumption by achieving superior results in the aforementioned parameters.
Angular‐spatial analysis of factors affecting the performance of light field reconstruction
Authors: Hu Xinjue , Zhang Lin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAs a new VR multimedia format, Light Field (LF) has received more and more attention. LF can support users to move freely within a certain range during the experience. However, the limitation of LF acquisition technology has become the main obstacle to its large‐scale application. Since the current hardware technology cannot produce a lens small enough to meet the needs of LF capture, the intensity of the collected LF image is usually insufficient. Although there are many software LF reconstruction algorithms have been proposed to make captured result denser, they all face the problem of poor generalization in the application process. In this work, it is attempted to locate the factors that affect the performance of LF reconstruction from both the angular and spatial domains. The analysis results show that it is affected not only by the edge and texture of the LF content in the spatial domain, but also by the adjacent disparity and the reflection characteristics in the angular domain. An indicator to quantify the impact of these factors on reconstruction performance is also proposed, which will be helpful to design a new generalized adaptive LF reconstruction algorithm in the future.
Exact conic section arc elements in 2D and 2.5D FEM using a coordinate transformation
Authors: Codecasa Lorenzo , Gentili Gian Guido , Khosronejad Misagh , Pelosi Giuseppe , Selleri Stefano 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study introduces the conic section arc elements in 2D and 2.5D finite element method (FEM). Elements are obtained by deforming an edge in a standard triangular element through a coordinate transformation. This allows to completely eliminate the geometrical error in structures composed of circular, elliptical, hyperbolic and parabolic arcs. The element order is defined independently of the geometrical description of the boundary, allowing the use of simple meshers. Previously available FEM codes can be straightforwardly modified to introduce the conic section boundaries.
A neural circuit for competing approach and defense underlying prey capture
Authors: Rossier Daniel , La Franca Violetta , Salemi Taddeo , Natale Silvia , Gross Cornelius T. 
Published: April 2021

Significance
Predatory hunting involves measured risk taking by the predator to anticipate dangerous defensive behavior from prey. This involves a mechanism where the motivation to hunt can overcome defensive behaviors toward prey to unlock attack. Here, we found that activation of a subset of GABAergic neurons in the lateral hypothalamus (LHA) promotes hunting but not feeding behavior. Stimulation of projections of these neurons to the periaqueductal gray (PAG), an area known to trigger defensive behaviors, decreased avoidance of prey. Single neuron recording during exposure to prey revealed two distinct PAG neuronal populations encoding risk assessment and flight. We conclude that in male mice, LHA GABAergic neurons are involved in blocking defensive behavior encoded in the PAG to overcome fear of prey.
Endophyllum kaernbachii.
Authors:   USA, USDA-ARS
Published: April 2021

Abstract

There is little published information on this plant pathogenic fungus, which is limited to Indonesia and other Asian countries. It attacks Convolvulaceae, especially Ipomoea and Merremia, and as these hosts exist in other regions of the world with similar environmental conditions, this species may pose a threat to native or agricultural plants if introduced.
Ophiostoma longicollum.
Authors:   USA, USDA-ARS
Published: April 2021

Abstract

O. longicollum is a perithecial ascomycete that was isolated from the wood of dying oak [Quercus spp.] trees attacked by the wood-boring beetle, Platypus quercivorus, on the west coast of Japan. Neither the pathogenicity of the fungus, nor any definite association with the beetle as a vector, has been established. The beetle is ranked first as a Prioritized Pest for the USA (USDA/APHIS, 2010) and another fungus, shown to be vectored by the beetle, has been associated with tree mortality.
Callosobruchus (pulse beetle).
Authors: Soundararajan R P 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Callosobruchus spp. are important pests of pulses. In tropical developing countries, where legume seeds are often the main source of protein in the human diet, the losses caused by these insects are of major significance. Infestation may start in the pods before harvest and carry over into storage where substantial losses may occur. In Nigeria, it has been estimated that 3% of the annual production in 1961/62 was lost due to attack by C. maculatus (Caswell, 1970).
Mimosa casta (graceful mimosa).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

M. casta is a fast-growing perennial vine that is included in the Global Compendium of Weeds (Randall, 2012). The ability of this species to tolerate a wide range of habitats including disturbed areas, roadsides, pastures, semi-waterlogged areas, as well as natural forests means that it has the potential to spread much further than it has to date. Additionally, the species is able to climb over other species and supports itself on other plants by means of spines which are borne along the length of its stems and petioles, forming a dense cover and presumably competing for resources (i.e., sunlight) with native species. In Puerto Rico, this species is classified as a "noxious weed" (USDA-ARS, 2012).
Oldenlandia corymbosa (flat-top mille graines).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Oldenlandia corymbosa is a widespread polymorphic weed with a pantropical distribution. It is fast-growing and can rapidly colonize disturbed areas, open sites, gardens, farmlands, forest edges, grasslands, roadsides and riverbanks. O. corymbosa also produces large volumes of tiny seeds that can be easily dispersed by water, animals and vehicles, or as a contaminant in soil and agricultural produce. Its weedy habit, preference for disturbed sites and tiny seeds all facilitate its spread and colonization of new habitats.
Cucumis anguria (West Indian gherkin).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Genetics: The chromosome number reported for Cucumis anguria is 2n=24 (Ramachandran and Narayan, 1990; Flora of North America Editorial Committee, 2020). Reproductive Biology: Cucumis anguria is a monoecious species, with individual male and female flowers appearing on both plants, that depends of pollinators to transfer pollen grains in order to produce fruits. Although self-fertile, a degree of outcrossing results from insect pollination. Zagorcheva (1988) has suggested that C. anguria may also be a facultative apomict. The flowering season is of about 55-58 days. Male flowers appear before female flowers and both male and female flowers remain open for one day (from 7:30 am to 4:00 pm). The relationship between male and female flowers is on average 5.5 male flowers for each female flower. The greater number of male flowers compared to female flowers produces a greater flow of pollen in the crop and ensures pollination. Flowers are visited and pollinated by insects. In a study in Brazil, the most important visitor was Apis mellifera (72% of all visits) followed by native bees from the genera Plebeia sp. (16.7%), Exomalopsis sp. (8.3%) and Melissodes sp. (2.8%). Flowers are also visited by butterflies (Malerbo-Souza et al., 2020). Physiology and Phenology: Cucumis anguria is an annual species. Early growth is upright, followed by branching at the base to produce several trailing stems. Within its native distribution range, this species germinates in a few days during the summer rains when night temperatures are above 12°C and the soil is sufficiently wet. When plants are about 2-3 m length, they start to develop flowers. Fruits are often produced within 60 days after germination. Plants may produce up to 50 fruits per stem. Fruits remain attached to the withered annual stems long after these have died back at the end of the growing season (Wilkins-Ellert, 2004). Photoperiod is important and longer days coupled with higher temperatures confines plants to the production of male flowers. Shorter days and a drop in temperature stimulate the production of female flowers. Fruiting occurs within 60 days of planting and fruit are produced continuously, with as many as 50 fruits per plant produced during the growing season (Wilkins-Ellert, 2004). Environmental Requirements: Cucumis anguria prefers to grow in tropical and subtropical climates. It grows best in areas with mean annual temperatures ranging from 15°C to 28°C (tolerates 8°C-35°C) and mean annual rainfall between 800 mm-1000 mm (tolerates 300 mm-1700 mm). It is well adapted to soils with low fertility and is adapted to grow in a wide range of soil types, including Kalahari sands (regosols), red clays and black cotton soils (vertisols) with pH in the range 6-7.5 (tolerates 5.5 - 8.3), but it grows best on well drained sandy soils (Fernandes, 2011). This species is sensitive to cold and does not tolerate frost (Wilkins-Ellert, 2004; Useful Tropical Plants, 2020).
Riptortus.
Authors: Lim Un Taek 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

R. pedestris causes up to 54% reduction in lipid content in soybean seed (Bae et al., 2014) and 8% seed sterility in soybean in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan (Ikeda and Fukazawa, 1983). In another study, Kadosawa (1981) estimated 6.2% soybean damage in Northern Honshu and 26% in Shikoku, Japan. R. pedestris also transmits yeast-spot disease (Eremothecium coryli) in up to 81.6% of immature soybean seeds in Kyoto, Japan (Kimura et al., 2008). R. linearis damage on soyabean in India is reported to be 30-40% (Kashyap and Adlakha, 1971). R. linearis is estimated to cause (along with two other pod feeders) 19-39% pod and seed damage on soyabean in Indonesia (Supriyatin, 1992). In Nigeria, R. dentipes and Anoplocnemis curvipes cause 20-39% pod damage on Vigna unguiculata (Khaemba, 1984).
Senna siamea (yellow cassia).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro , Pasiecznik Nick 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

S. siamea is indigenous to southern India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Cambodia, Thailand and Myanmar, although it has been introduced widely into many states of India and also many countries in tropical Africa. As well as producing a good quality timber, often used for marquetry and inlay work due to its fine figure, the tree is used for erosion control planting, windbreaks, as a host for sandalwood (Santalum album), and as a nurse crop for Swietenia mahogani, to reduce borer attack. It is a common shade tree in Philippine towns and cities. It has been used to revegetate degraded agricultural land and is planted in taungya systems. It may be used as a shade tree for coffee (Heinsleigh and Holaway, 1988).It is one of the chief afforestation species in the dry zone of the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. The major disadvantage of the species is that it has a shallow root system, which make it susceptible to strong winds. Wood sawdust can cause irritation when in contact with the skin. Trials for timber plantations have been recommended (Gutteridge, 1997; Sosef et al., 1998), particularly as S. siamea could combine timber production with ornamental value. Research on genetic variation to determine the extent of adaptation of various provenances would also be of value.
Casuarina equisetifolia (casuarina).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

C. equisetifolia is a nitrogen-fixing tree of considerable social, economic and environmental importance in many tropical areas of the world. It is widely planted for reclamation of unstable coastal ecosystems in the tropics and subtropics. It is salt-tolerant and can grow on sands so is especially useful for erosion control and windbreaks along coastlines and estuaries. The wood has many uses but is renowned as a fuel. It is a truly multipurpose species, providing a range of products and services for industrial and local end-users.
Derris elliptica (tuba root).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Derris elliptica is cultivated mainly for its roots. The powdered root is widely used as a source of rotenone, which is considered an effective natural alternative to regular synthetic chemical insecticides used in horticulture and agriculture (Duke, 1981; de Padua et al., 1999; Orwa et al., 2009; Flora of China Editorial Committee, 2018).
Corymbia citriodora (lemon-scented gum).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

C. citriodora is a handsome tree of excellent form, with a well-shaped but sparsely foliaged crown. It is widely adaptable, drought tolerant, and capable of reasonable growth rates in both summer and winter rainfall areas. This species is one of the better eucalypts for cultivation at lower latitudes of the subtropics and tropics, but not in equatorial regions (Jacobs, 1981). It produces strong, hard and moderately durable wood suitable for fuelwood, charcoal, posts and poles, household products, tool handles, sawn timber, and general construction materials. C. citriodora is also used as a source of non-wood forest products including honey, essential oil, shade and shelter. It is a fine ornamental tree and is often planted along roadsides or in parks.
Eucalyptus tereticornis (forest red gum).
Authors: Pasiecznik Nick , Doran John 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Eucalyptus tereticornis is a versatile, fast growing and widely planted tree species. It has been especially successful in areas with summer rainfall followed by a moderate to severe dry season, although fast-growing provenances adapted to a winter rainfall are also available from its extensive natural distribution. The species is marginally less drought tolerant than its close relative E. camaldulensis but appears to be less susceptible than this species to leaf pathogens and stem cankers when planted in areas of seasonally-high humidity. Provenances have been identified from the southern, temperate part of the species distribution that are moderately frost and salt tolerant. Eucalyptus tereticornis is proving a valuable partner in various hydrid combinations with other fast growing eucalypts, including E. grandis and E. urophylla. The wood is used for a wide range of purposes including fuel, charcoal, paper, poles, posts, mining timber, hardboard and particleboard while the tree is used for shelterbelts, shade and in apiculture.