bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtual screening FDA approved drugs against multiple targets of SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Liang Hualou , Zhao Liang , Gong Xiajing , Hu Meng , Wang Hongbin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe outbreak of the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) respiratory disease, led to a global pandemic with high morbidity and mortality. Despite frenzied efforts in therapeutic development, there are currently no effective drugs for treatment, nor are there vaccines for its prevention. Drug repurposing, representing as an effective drug discovery strategy from existing drugs, is one of the most practical treatment options against the outbreak. In this study, we present a novel strategy for in silico molecular modeling screening for potential drugs that may interact with multiple main proteins of SARS‐CoV‐2. Targeting multiple viral proteins is a novel drug discovery concept in that it enables the potential drugs to act on different stages of the virus’ life cycle, thereby potentially maximizing the drug potency. We screened 2631 US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved small molecules against 4 key proteins of SARS‐CoV‐2 that are known as attractive targets for antiviral drug development. In total, we identified 29 drugs that could actively interact with 2 or more target proteins, with 5 drugs (avapritinib, bictegravir, ziprasidone, capmatinib, and pexidartinib) being common candidates for all 4 key host proteins and 3 of them possessing the desirable molecular properties. By overlaying docked positions of drug candidates onto individual host proteins, it has been further confirmed that the binding site conformations are conserved. The drugs identified in our screening provide potential guidance for experimental confirmation, such as in vitro molecular assays and in vivo animal testing, as well as incorporation into ongoing clinical studies.
Heterogeneous long‐term trajectories of glycaemic control in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Miller Rachel G. , Orchard Trevor J. , Onengut‐Gumuscu Suna , Chen Wei‐Min , Rich Stephen S. , Costacou Tina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsWe aimed to identify long‐term HbA1c trajectories and examine associated characteristics in an observational, childhood‐onset (<17 years) type 1 diabetes cohort.MethodsData are from the Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications study, comprising 405 participants with ≥2 of seven possible HbA1c measurements over follow‐up (1988–2013) and available DNA (baseline mean diabetes duration 21 years, 53% men). HbA1c trajectories were estimated using latent class growth models. Baseline and change in participant characteristics were compared across trajectories.ResultsFive HbA1c trajectories were identified: low (51%), intermediate stable (22%), improved (19%), high stable (6%), and worsened (2%; not included in analyses). Age, diabetes duration, diabetes onset age, and sex did not differ across trajectories. Characteristics did not differ significantly between intermediate stable and low trajectories at baseline, though albumin excretion rate (AER, p = 0.0002) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, p = 0.001) worsened slightly more in intermediate stable over time. Improved and high stable trajectories had higher baseline LDL‐c (p = 0.002 and 0.003, respectively). Improved trajectory increased median self‐monitoring of blood glucose from <1 to 3.5 times/day (p < 0.0001) and had larger LDL‐c improvement (p = 0.004) but greater worsening of AER (p < 0.0001) and eGFR (p < 0.0001) than low. The A allele of rs12970134 (near MC4R) was associated with improved (p = 0.0003) or high stable (p = 0.001) HbA1c trajectory, both patterns with high baseline HbA1c.ConclusionsLong‐term HbA1c trajectories were primarily associated with modifiable factors in this type 1 diabetes cohort. The intermediate stable pattern had a risk factor profile that suggests some protection against adverse metabolic effects of chronic hyperglycaemia, warranting further study.
Liraglutide hospital discharge trial: A randomized controlled trial comparing the safety and efficacy of liraglutide versus insulin glargine for the management of patients with type 2 diabetes after hospital discharge
Authors: Pasquel Francisco J. , Urrutia Maria A. , Cardona Saumeth , Coronado Karla W. Z. , Albury Bonnie , Perez‐Guzman Mireya C. , Galindo Rodolfo J. , Chaudhuri Ajay , Iacobellis Gianluca , Palacios Juan , Farias Javier M. , Gomez Patricia , Anzola Isabel , Vellanki Priyathama , Fayfman Maya , Davis Georgia M. , Migdal Alexandra L. , Peng Limin , Umpierrez Guillermo E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo compare a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist with basal insulin at hospital discharge in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes in a randomized clinical trial.MethodsA total of 273 patients with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) 7%–10% (53–86 mol/mol) were randomized to liraglutide (n = 136) or insulin glargine (n = 137) at hospital discharge. The primary endpoint was difference in HbA1c at 12 and 26 weeks. Secondary endpoints included hypoglycaemia, changes in body weight, and achievement of HbA1c <7% (53 mmol/mol) without hypoglycaemia or weight gain.ResultsThe between‐group difference in HbA1c at 12 weeks and 26 weeks was −0.28% (95% CI −0.64, 0.09), and at 26 weeks it was −0.55%, (95% CI −1.01, −0.09) in favour of liraglutide. Liraglutide treatment resulted in a lower frequency of hypoglycaemia <3.9 mmol/L (13% vs 23%; P = 0.04), but there was no difference in the rate of clinically significant hypoglycaemia <3.0 mmol/L. Compared to insulin glargine, liraglutide treatment was associated with greater weight loss at 26 weeks (−4.7 ± 7.7 kg vs −0.6 ± 11.5 kg; P < 0.001), and the proportion of patients with HbA1c <7% (53 mmol/mol) without hypoglycaemia was 48% versus 33% (P = 0.05) at 12 weeks and 45% versus 33% (P = 0.14) at 26 weeks in liraglutide versus insulin glargine. The proportion of patients with HbA1c <7% (53 mmol/mol) without hypoglycaemia and no weight gain was higher with liraglutide at 12 (41% vs 24%, P = 0.005) and 26 weeks (39% vs 22%; P = 0.014). The incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events was higher with liraglutide than with insulin glargine (P < 0.001).ConclusionCompared to insulin glargine, treatment with liraglutide at hospital discharge resulted in better glycaemic control and greater weight loss, but increased gastrointestinal adverse events.
Climate warming causes mast seeding to break down by reducing sensitivity to weather cues
Authors: Bogdziewicz Michał , Hacket‐Pain Andrew , Kelly Dave , Thomas Peter A. , Lageard Jonathan , Tanentzap Andrew J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractClimate change is altering patterns of seed production worldwide with consequences for population recruitment and migration potential. For the many species that regenerate through synchronized, quasiperiodic reproductive events termed masting, these changes include decreases in the synchrony and interannual variation in seed production. This breakdown in the occurrence of masting features harms reproduction by decreasing the efficiency of pollination and increasing seed predation. Changes in masting are often paralleled by warming temperatures, but the underlying proximate mechanisms are unknown. We used a unique 39‐year study of 139 European beech (Fagus sylvatica) trees that experienced masting breakdown to track the seed developmental cycle and pinpoint phases where weather effects on seed production have changed over time. A cold followed by warm summer led to large coordinated flowering efforts among plants. However, trees failed to respond to the weather signal as summers warmed and the frequency of reproductive cues changed fivefold. Less synchronous flowering resulted in less efficient pollination that further decreased the synchrony of seed maturation. As global temperatures are expected to increase this century, perennial plants that fine‐tune their reproductive schedules based on temperature cues may suffer regeneration failures.
Sea ice decline drives biogeographical shifts of key Calanus species in the central Arctic Ocean
Authors: Ershova Elizaveta A. , Kosobokova Ksenia N. , Banas Neil S. , Ellingsen Ingrid , Niehoff Barbara , Hildebrandt Nicole , Hirche Hans‐Juergen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn recent decades, the central Arctic Ocean has been experiencing dramatic decline in sea ice coverage, thickness and extent, which is expected to have a tremendous impact on all levels of Arctic marine life. Here, we analyze the regional and temporal changes in pan‐Arctic distribution and population structure of the key zooplankton species Calanus glacialis and C. hyperboreus in relation to recent changes in ice conditions, based on historical (1993–1998) and recent (2007–2016) zooplankton collections and satellite‐based sea ice observations. We found strong correlations between Calanus abundance/population structure and a number of sea ice parameters. These relationships were particularly strong for C. glacialis, with higher numbers being observed at locations with a lower ice concentration, a shorter distance to the ice edge, and more days of open water. Interestingly, early stages of C. hyperboreus followed the same trends, suggesting that these two species substantially overlap in their core distribution area in the Arctic Ocean. Calanus glacialis and C. hyperboreus have been historically classified as shelf versus basin species, yet we conclude that both species can inhabit a wide range of bottom depths and their distribution in the Arctic Ocean is largely shaped by sea ice dynamics. Our data suggest that the core distribution patterns of these key zooplankton are shifting northwards with retreating sea ice and changing climate conditions.
Tropicalization of temperate ecosystems in North America: The northward range expansion of tropical organisms in response to warming winter temperatures
Authors: Osland Michael J. , Stevens Philip W. , Lamont Margaret M. , Brusca Richard C. , Hart Kristen M. , Waddle J. Hardin , Langtimm Catherine A. , Williams Caroline M. , Keim Barry D. , Terando Adam J. , Reyier Eric A. , Marshall Katie E. , Loik Michael E. , Boucek Ross E. , Lewis Amanda B. , Seminoff Jeffrey A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTropicalization is a term used to describe the transformation of temperate ecosystems by poleward‐moving tropical organisms in response to warming temperatures. In North America, decreases in the frequency and intensity of extreme winter cold events are expected to allow the poleward range expansion of many cold‐sensitive tropical organisms, sometimes at the expense of temperate organisms. Although ecologists have long noted the critical ecological role of winter cold temperature extremes in tropical–temperate transition zones, the ecological effects of extreme cold events have been understudied, and the influence of warming winter temperatures has too often been left out of climate change vulnerability assessments. Here, we examine the influence of extreme cold events on the northward range limits of a diverse group of tropical organisms, including terrestrial plants, coastal wetland plants, coastal fishes, sea turtles, terrestrial reptiles, amphibians, manatees, and insects. For these organisms, extreme cold events can lead to major physiological damage or landscape‐scale mass mortality. Conversely, the absence of extreme cold events can foster population growth, range expansion, and ecological regime shifts. We discuss the effects of warming winters on species and ecosystems in tropical–temperate transition zones. In the 21st century, climate change‐induced decreases in the frequency and intensity of extreme cold events are expected to facilitate the poleward range expansion of many tropical species. Our review highlights critical knowledge gaps for advancing understanding of the ecological implications of the tropicalization of temperate ecosystems in North America.
High‐temperature dielectric and energy storage properties of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3‐based ceramics modified by Sr0.8Na0.4Nb2O6
Authors: Wan Yuhui , Hou Ningjing , Ren Pengrong , Yan Fuxue , Li Zhenrong , Ma Ming , Song Kexin , Zhao Gaoyang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSr0.8Na0.4Nb2O6with a tungsten bronze structure is introduced into perovskite‐structured 0.94(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3‐0.06BaTiO3composition (abbreviated as BNT‐BT‐xSNN, x = 0‐0.04). The temperature stability of dielectric properties and energy storage performance is found to be effectively enhanced by Sr0.8Na0.4Nb2O6dopant. When x is 0.03, the temperature ranges covering |ε'‐ε'150°C|/ε'150°C≤15% andtanδ≤ 0.02 are 43°C‐404°C and 90°C‐422°C, respectively. More importantly,ε′can be retained as high as 3304 at 150°C. Besides, the variances of energy storage density and its efficiency are 6.4% and 5.3%, respectively, in the temperature range from room temperature (RT) to 180°C. Therefore, this work provides a new method of compositional modification in BNT‐based materials to improve their temperature stability of dielectric and energy storage properties.
Patient experiences of alcohol specialist nurse interventions in a general hospital, and onwards care pathways
Authors: Dorey Lucy , Lathlean Judith , Roderick Paul , Westwood Greta 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsTo provide insight into patient experiences of a general hospital‐based alcohol specialist nurse intervention during alcohol detoxification, experiences of alcohol specialist nurse hospital‐based follow‐up appointments (Pathway A) as well as the experiences of patients who did not have access to this additional help post detoxification (Pathway B).DesignA longitudinal qualitative study.MethodsA thematic analysis of semi‐structured interviews (2016–2017) with 24 patient participants (N = 12 in each pathway; purposive selection) 1–4 weeks post‐detoxification and at 3 and 6 months, to identify patient experiences of these interventions.ResultsParticipants gave accounts of how ‘empathic’ and ‘straight talking’ interactions with alcohol specialist nurses during detoxification helped them to ‘open up’ and orient towards change. After detoxification follow‐up, outpatient appointments in the hospital setting were seen as supporting change in early recovery and engagement with a wider range of services. Those with no access to nurse follow‐up described experiencing a ‘void’ in available help. Participants in both groups described barriers to engagement with community alcohol services, peer groups and access to help for mild‐moderate mental health problems.ConclusionPatient accounts indicate alcohol specialist nurse interventions during and after unplanned detoxification in a hospital setting can help orient patients towards change and support early recovery.ImpactProviding alcohol specialist nurse interventions in general hospitals offers one route to initiating recovery in alcohol‐dependent patients. This has potential to improve the lives of those affected and to reduce related demands on hospital services, but further research is needed.
Red cell distribution width and erythrocyte osmotic stability in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Knychala Maria Aparecida , Garrote‐Filho Mario da Silva , Batista da Silva Breno , Neves de Oliveira Samantha , Yasminy Luz Sarah , Marques Rodrigues Manuela Ortega , Penha‐Silva Nilson 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between red cell distribution width (RDW) and erythrocyte osmotic stability in non‐diabetic and diabetic individuals in both sexes. The study sample (N = 122) was constituted by 53 type 2 diabetics (DM) and 69 non‐diabetics (ND), being 21 and 22 men in each group, respectively. The osmotic stability of erythrocytes was obtained by the variation in saline concentration (dX) capable of determining hypoosmotic lysis. Higher RDW values and lower serum iron concentrations were found in the diabetic group when compared to the non‐diabetic volunteers. In the group of diabetic women, RDW was positively correlated with the reticulocyte index, and both RDW and dX were negatively correlated with iron, haemoglobin, transferrin saturation index, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration. In all the groups studied, RDW was positively correlated with dX, especially in the diabetic group, where the correlation was the strongest. RDW elevation in both women and men with type 2 diabetes mellitus was associated with decreased serum iron indicators. Furthermore, RDW has a similar meaning to dX, as small erythrocytes have less haemoglobin, resulting in both an increase of RDW and dX.
Effects of sedentary behavior and daily walking steps on body mass index and body composition: Prospective observational study using outpatient clinical data of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Nakanishi Shuhei , Shimoda Masashi , Tatsumi Fuminori , Kohara Kenji , Obata Atsushi , Katakura Yukino , Sanada Junpei , Fushimi Yoshiro , Iwamoto Yuichiro , Onishi Mana , Isobe Hayato , Kusano Takashi , Dan Kazunori , Wamata Ryo , Iwamoto Hideyuki , Mune Tomoatsu , Kaku Kohei , Kaneto Hideaki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionThis study examined the effect of daily walking steps on glycated hemoglobin, body mass index (BMI) and body composition while taking into consideration sedentary time (ST) in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients over a period of 12 months.Materials and MethodsSelf‐administered ST values and information regarding daily walking steps were obtained and analyzed for 236 patients with type 2 diabetes who regularly visited the outpatient clinic. The patients – divided into three categories of daily walking steps: non‐step counter user, <7,500 daily walking steps and ≥7,500 daily walking steps (HS) – were prospectively observed considering ST through the monitoring of glycated hemoglobin, BMI waist circumference (WC) and visceral fat accumulation (VFA) for 12 months.ResultsAfter 12 months, the participants categorized as the HS group had significantly reduced BMI and VFA independent of ST, as well as significantly reduced WC with high ST. WC and VFA disparities widened significantly at 12 months between the participants categorized as being in the non‐step counter user group and the HS group with long ST. However, no difference in glycated hemoglobin levels and BMI were found among the three categories independent of ST. Compared with non‐step counter users, the odds ratios with logistic regression models of improvement in BMI and VFA in the <7,500 daily walking steps and HS groups, and WC in the HS group after 12 months were significantly higher only among those with long ST.ConclusionsThese results suggest that consideration of sedentary behavior in combination with daily walking steps might be essential for type 2 diabetes management.
Relationship between urban planning and flooding in Port Harcourt city, Nigeria; insights from planning professionals
Authors: Echendu Adaku Jane 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFlooding is widely recognised as a global problem which has worsened in recent years due to climate change. In Nigeria, flooding remains the most widespread environmental disaster with the population of 200 million suffering numerous threats from perennial flooding. Port Harcourt in Southern Nigeria experiences annual flooding on a significant scale. While research has linked the flooding in Port Harcourt to poor urban planning, little research has engaged with planning professionals to investigate this relationship. This paper fills this gap. It explores how urban planning is linked to flooding in Port Harcourt and reports on qualitative research undertaken with five urban planners in Port Harcourt. The findings affirm that poor planning and/or lack of compliance with planning regulations are the main factors contributing to the flooding of Port Harcourt. The urban planners gave their expert opinions on how to control the flooding and unanimously agreed that improved planning practices could control the endemic flooding problem in the city. This implies that the government needs to work more closely with urban planners and other stakeholders to effectively control and find a lasting solution to the flooding problem in Port Harcourt city.
Between‐ and within‐person structures of value traits and value states: Four different structures, four different interpretations
Authors: Skimina Ewa , Cieciuch Jan , Revelle William 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe circular structure of values has been verified mostly at a between‐person level and on measures of general value preferences. In this manuscript, we argue that it is a simplification that neglected significant aspects of the value structures and distinguish four different types of structures: (a) between‐person structure of value traits, (b) within‐person structure of value traits, (c) between‐person structure of value states, and (d) within‐person structure of value states. We argue that the within‐person structure of value states addresses the circular structure of values most accurately.MethodTo compare all four structures, we collected three partially dependent samples (N1 = 449, N2 = 293, N3 = 218) of adults (age 17–57, M = 24). At three time points, separated by 5–7 weeks, respondents completed a questionnaire measure (Portrait Values Questionnaire‐Revised [PVQ‐RR]) of value preferences (value traits) and reported the importance of values in their everyday actions (value states) for 1 week in an experience sampling study.ResultsThe four types of value structures were stable over time. All four were also consistent with Schwartz's value model to some degree, but at the same time, there were some deviations.ConclusionsIt is important to distinguish four types of value structures and be aware of their different interpretations that we outlined in this paper.
Interventions supporting medical practitioners in the provision of lactation care: A systematic review and narrative analysis
Authors: Boss Melinda , Saxby Nicole , Pritchard Douglas , Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael , Clifford Rhonda 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMost children globally are not breastfed to recommendations. Medical practitioners are frequently visited in the first 6 months post‐partum, and the interaction at such visits significantly influences subsequent infant feeding decisions. Medical practitioners report that clinical practice in lactation is often disproportionately reliant on personal experience. This systematic review synthesises the literature on lactation health interventions used to support clinical decision making by medical practitioners. MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases were searched for peer‐reviewed empirical studies published after 2000. Two reviewers independently screened and then assessed full‐text articles against inclusion criteria. Quality of reporting and risk of bias were independently assessed using three validated tools. No conclusions can be made regarding the success or failure of implementation strategies used or the outcomes of putting them into effect due to problems with study methodology, intervention reporting and risk of bias. Good‐quality research, which follows proven implementation frameworks, is needed to guide and sustain the incorporation of evidence‐based decision support into medical practitioners' care of breastfeeding mothers and infants.