bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absorption and translocation of florpyrauxifen-benzyl in ten aquatic plant species
Authors: Haug Erika J. , Ahmed Khalied A. , Gannon Travis W. , Richardson Rob J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAdditional active ingredients are needed for use in aquatic systems to respond to new threats or treatment scenarios, enhance selectivity, reduce use rates, and mitigate the risk of herbicide resistance. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl is a new synthetic auxin developed for use as an aquatic herbicide. A study was conducted at North Carolina State University in which 10 µg L−1 of 25% radiolabeled florpyrauxifen-benzyl was applied to the isolated shoot tissue of 10 different aquatic plant species to elucidate absorption and translocation patterns in these species. Extremely high levels of shoot absorption were observed for all species, and uptake was rapid. Highest shoot absorptions were observed for crested floatingheart [Nymphoides cristata (Roxb.) Kuntze] (A192 = 20 µg g−1), dioecious hydrilla [Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle] (A192 = 25.3 µg g−1), variable watermilfoil (Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michx.) (A192 = 40.1 µg g−1), and Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.) (A192 = 25.3 µg g−1). Evidence of translocation was observed in all rooted species tested, with the greatest translocation observed in N. cristata (1.28 µg g−1 at 192 h after treatment). The results of this study add to the growing body of knowledge surrounding the behavior of this newly registered herbicide within aquatic plants.
Risky Development: Increasing Exposure to Natural Hazards in the United States
Authors: Iglesias Virginia , Braswell Anna E. , Rossi Matthew W. , Joseph Maxwell B. , McShane Caitlin , Cattau Megan , Koontz Michael J. , McGlinchy Joe , Nagy R. Chelsea , Balch Jennifer , Leyk Stefan , Travis William R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLosses from natural hazards are escalating dramatically, with more properties and critical infrastructure affected each year. Although the magnitude, intensity, and/or frequency of certain hazards has increased, development contributes to this unsustainable trend, as disasters emerge when natural disturbances meet vulnerable assets and populations. To diagnose development patterns leading to increased exposure in the conterminous United States (CONUS), we identified earthquake, flood, hurricane, tornado, and wildfire hazard hotspots, and overlaid them with land use information from the Historical Settlement Data Compilation data set. Our results show that 57% of structures (homes, schools, hospitals, office buildings, etc.) are located in hazard hotspots, which represent only a third of CONUS area, and ∼1.5 million buildings lie in hotspots for two or more hazards. These critical levels of exposure are the legacy of decades of sustained growth and point to our inability, lack of knowledge, or unwillingness to limit development in hazardous zones. Development in these areas is still growing more rapidly than the baseline rates for the nation, portending larger future losses even if the effects of climate change are not considered.
Rare Event Algorithm Study of Extreme Warm Summers and Heatwaves Over Europe
Authors: Ragone F. , Bouchet F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe analysis of extremes in climate models is hindered by the lack of statistics due to the computational costs required to run simulations long enough to sample rare events. We demonstrate how rare event algorithms can improve the statistics of extreme events in state‐of‐the‐art climate models. We study extreme warm summers and heatwaves over France and Scandinavia with CESM1.2.2 in present‐day climate. The algorithm concentrates the simulations on events of importance, and shifts the probability distributions of regional temperatures such that warm summers become common. We estimate return times of extremes orders of magnitude larger than what feasible with direct sampling, and we compute statistically significant composite maps of dynamical quantities conditional on the occurence of the extremes. We show that extreme warm summers are associated to wavenumber 3 hemispheric teleconnection patterns, and that the most extreme summers are related to the succession of rare subseasonal heatwaves.
Phosphate Scavenging During Lava‐Seawater Interaction Offshore of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii
Authors: Foreman Rhea K. , Björkman Karin M. , Funkey Carolina P. , Hawco Nicholas J. , Wilson Samuel T. , Rohrer Tully , White Angelicque E. , John Seth G. , Karl David M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe 2018, subaerial eruption of Kīlauea volcano, Hawaii, resulted in a 5‐km‐long stretch of coastline that actively drained lava into the ocean. Nutrients were added to the surrounding ocean through the dissolution of basaltic rock and thermal upwelling of deep water, thereby fueling a large phytoplankton bloom. Lava‐impacted, surface seawater had high suspended particle loads, and concentrations of chlorophyll, silicic acid, phosphate (Pi), nitrate, and iron that were elevated up to 12, 36, 5, 960, and 1,400 times, respectively, above the background oligotrophic levels. Widespread precipitation of iron oxyhydroxides (Feox) led to extensive scavenging of the dissolved Pi pool, similar to what occurs along mid‐ocean ridge hydrothermal systems. This scavenging transformed a “fertilization” event into a Pi sink near the coast of the ocean entry; however, nutrient data from outside the bloom suggest that Pi could also desorb from the Feox as it is dispersed into the open ocean. From lava quench experiments, we estimate that the hydration state of the Feox precipitate (H2O/Fe) was 5.2–5.7, and that the equilibrium partition coefficient of Pi into Feox (solid/liquid) was 106. In addition, 33Pi radiotracer incubations were used to differentiate between biotic and abiotic uptake of Pi at Kīlauea's ocean entry. These findings are important for understanding modern‐day volcanic fertilization events, modeling nutrient dynamics during major events in Earth history (such as oxygenation of the atmosphere and the formation of large igneous provinces), and predicting the marine response to greater continental weathering in a warming climate.
Evidence for Latent Crustal Fluid Injection Transients in Southern California From Long‐Duration Earthquake Swarms
Authors: Ross Zachary E. , Cochran Elizabeth S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEarthquake swarms are manifestations of aseismic driving processes deep in the crust. We examine the spatiotemporal distribution of aseismic processes in Southern California using a 12‐years catalog of swarms derived with deep learning algorithms. In a core portion of the plate boundary region, which is not associated with elevated heat flow, we identify 92 long‐duration swarms ranging from 6 months to 7 years that constitute 26.4% of the total seismicity. We find that 53% of the swarms exhibit ultra‐slow diffusive patterns with propagating backfronts, consistent with expectations for natural fluid injection processes. The chronology of the swarms indicates that the aseismic driving processes were active at all times during 2008–2020. The observations challenge common views about the nature of swarms, which would characterize any one of these sequences as anomalous. The regional prevalence of these sequences suggests that transient fluid injection processes play a key role in crustal fluid transport.
Impacts of Ozone‐Vegetation Interactions on Ozone Pollution Episodes in North China and the Yangtze River Delta
Authors: Gong Cheng , Liao Hong , Yue Xu , Ma Yimian , Lei Yadong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPersistent ozone (O3) pollution episodes (OPEs, with regionally averaged maximum daily 8‐h average (MDA8) O3 concentration exceeding 80 ppbv and lasting for 5 days or longer) occurred frequently in megalopolis over eastern China in recent years. Here, we apply a newly developed chemistry‐biosphere model (GEOS‐Chem‐YIBs) to comprehensively quantify the vegetation contributions to OPEs in North China and Yangtze River Delta (YRD) over May to October in 2014–2017. The simulated MDA8 O3 concentrations increases 16.7 and 16.6 ppbv) during OPEs in North China and YRD, of which about 1.4 ppbv (8.4%) and 3.8 ppbv (22.9%) are caused by the processes including increased BVOC emissions and reduced stomatal dry deposition. Furthermore, the O3 damages to vegetation stomata slightly increase seasonal‐mean O3 concentrations by <1 ppbv, but such effects are not exacerbated during OPEs despite the high O3 exposure.
A Granular Jamming Model for Low‐Frequency Earthquakes
Authors: Sammis C. G. , Bostock M. G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA catalog of low frequency events (LFEs) beneath Vancouver Island is analyzed in the context of a granular flow model. The catalog contains origin‐times and magnitudes of 269,423 LFEs grouped within 130 families and recorded between 2003 and 2013. Each family represents a distinct location within the boundary between the subducting Juan de Fuca and overriding North American plates. The LFEs occurred during 10 episodic tremor and slip (ETS) events that recurred at ∼14‐month intervals and lasted for about a week. With one exception, each family was active in all 10 ETS episodes. Our analysis suggests that LFEs do not follow Gutenberg‐Richter statistics, but are normally distributed with respect to magnitude and, therefore, log‐normally distributed with respect to moment. The Kostrov strain associated with the moments in a given family is used to estimate its size as L = 350 ± 15 m. These observations are explained through a model of granular flow in a channel that accommodates displacement along the plate boundary. In this model the LFE families correspond to granular jams in flow that persist over many ETS episodes. Each LFE is a slip between two grains in the jam. The log‐normal distribution of LFE moments can be ascribed to a theoretically predicted log‐normal distribution of grain sizes in each jam. This model explains the weak dependence of seismic duration on LFE moment because frictional slip between grains in an over‐pressured environment need not scale like a growing rupture in an elastic medium.
Quantification of Enhancement in Atmospheric CO2 Background Due to Indian Biospheric Fluxes and Fossil Fuel Emissions
Authors: Halder Santanu , Tiwari Yogesh K. , Valsala Vinu , Sreeush M. G. , Sijikumar S. , Janardanan Rajesh , Maksyutov Shamil 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRegional carbon emissions impact global atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) background concentrations. This study quantified the enhancement in the atmospheric CO2 mole fractions due to biospheric and fossil fuel fluxes from India. Sensitivity experiments using model simulations were conducted, allowing CO2 enhancement due to biospheric and fossil fuel fluxes from India to diffuse into the global atmospheric background. The areal extent of column‐averaged enhancement of 0.2 ppm and above due to Indian fluxes are spread over a larger area covering the Indian subcontinent, neighboring Asian regions, and the north Indian Ocean in all four seasons. The boundary layer CO2 enhancement due to biospheric fluxes (fossil fuel fluxes) have a maximum range of −2.6 to +1.4 ppm (1.8–2.0 ppm) most time of the year. At higher altitude, the amplitudes of enhancement are reduced from ±1.8 to ±0.6 ppm as we go up from 850 to 500 hPa due to diffusion by prevailing atmospheric dynamics and convection. With the information of the areal extent of >0.2 ppm CO2 enhancement due to Indian fluxes, we have evaluated the representativeness of satellite observations (GOSAT and OCO‐2) in capturing those enhancements. Both the satellite coverage show a similar number of observations (0.1 per day) during all seasons except for June to August, wherein the cloud screening eliminates almost all the satellite data over the region. Within this areal extent, the satellite XCO2 shows average anomalies of nearly ±2.0 ppm; it is a valuable piece of information because it is well above the retrieval uncertainty, yet capturing the potential enhancement due to fluxes from India. The study implies that the regions of enhancement greater than 0.2 ppm can be considered locations for surface observations representing Indian fluxes. Similarly, the region with enhancement greater than one ppm could be covered by satellites/airborne observations to discern enhancement in the atmospheric CO2 mole fractions due to Indian fluxes.
The pseudogene PRELID1P6 promotes glioma progression via the hnHNPH1-Akt/mTOR axis
Authors: Xi Shaoyan , Cai Haiping , Lu Jiabin , Zhang Yu , Yu Yanjiao , Chen Furong , Huang Qitao , Wang Fang , Chen Zhongping 
Published: June 2021

AbstractResearch over the past decade has suggested important roles for pseudogenes in glioma. This study aimed to show that pseudogene PRELI domain-containing 1 pseudogene 6 (PRELID1P6) promotes glioma progression. Aberrant expression of genes was screened using The Cancer Genome Atlas database. We found that mRNA level of PRELID1P6 was highly upregulated in glioma and was associated with a shorter survival time. Functional studies showed that the knockdown of PRELID1P6 decreased cell proliferation, sphere formation, and clone formation ability and blocked the cell cycle transition at G0/G1, while overexpression of PRELID1P6 had the opposite effects. Mechanistically, knockdown of PRELID1P6 changed the cellular localization of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 (hnRNPH1) from nucleus to cytoplasm, which promoted ubiquitin-mediated degradation of hnRNPH1. RNA-sequence and gene set enrichment analysis suggested that knockdown of PRELID1P6 regulates the apoptosis signaling pathway. Western blotting showed that PRELID1P6 increased TRF2 expression by hnRNPH1-mediated alternative splicing effect and activated the Akt/mTOR pathway. Furthermore, Akt inhibitor MK2206 treatment reversed the oncogenic function of PRELID1P6. PRELID1P6 was also found to be negatively regulated by miR-1825. Our result showed that PRELID1P6 promotes glioma progression through the hnHNPH1-Akt/mTOR pathway. These findings shed new light on the important role of PRELID1P6 as a novel oncogene for glioma.
A taxonomy for consistent handling of conditions not related to the spinal cord injury (SCI) in the International Standards for Neurological Classification of SCI (ISNCSCI)
Authors: Rupp Rüdiger , Schuld Christian , Biering-Sørensen Fin , Walden Kristen , Rodriguez Gianna , Kirshblum Steven ,   ASIA International Standards Committee, Betz Randal , Burns Stephen P. , Donovan William , Graves Daniel E. , Guest James , Jones Linda , Krassioukov Andrei , Mulcahey Mary Jane , Read Mary Schmidt , Tansey Keith 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Study design
Committee consensus process including additional structured feedback from spinal cord injury (SCI) experts attending a focus group workshop.

Objectives
To define a taxonomy for standardized documentation of non-SCI-related conditions in the International Standards for Neurological Classification of SCI (ISNCSCI).

Setting
Americal Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) International Standards Committee with 16 international ISNCSCI experts.

Methods
With the new taxonomy, not-normal sensory or motor scores should be tagged with an asterisk (“*”), if they are impacted by a non-SCI condition such as burns, casts, joint contractures, peripheral nerve injuries, amputations, pain, or generalized weakness. The non-SCI condition and instructions on how to handle the “*”-tagged scores during classification should be detailed in the comments box. While sum scores are always calculated based on examined scores, classification variables such as the neurological level of injury (NLI) or the ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS) grades are tagged with an “*”, when they have been determined on the basis of clinical assumptions.

Results
With the extended “*”-tag concept, sensory and motor examination results impacted by non-SCI conditions above, at, or below the NLI can be consistently documented, scored, and classified. Feedback from workshop participants confirms agreement on its clinical relevance, logic and soundness, easiness of understanding, communicability, and applicability in daily work.

Conclusions
After multiple internal revisions, a taxonomy for structured documentation of conditions superimposed on the impairments caused by the SCI together with guidelines for consistent scoring and classification was released with the 2019 ISNCSCI revision. This taxonomy is intended to increase the accuracy of ISNCSCI classifications.
CircC16orf62 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression through the miR-138-5p/PTK2/AKT axis
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Lu Yuan , Jiang Hong-Yu , Cheng Zhi-Mei , Wei Zi-Jing , Wei Yun-Hao , Liu Ting , Xia Bai-Juan , Zhao Xu-Ya , Huang Yu , Zou Xun , Liu Rong , Zhou Shi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCircular RNA (circRNAs) functions vital in the pathogenesis and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the expressions and functions of certain circRNAs on metastasis and proliferation of that cancer is still unclear. Bioinformation analysis and qRT-PCR indicated that CircC16orf62 was prominent upregulated in HCC of which the expression level was positively associated to cancer’s malignant progression. Gain or loss-of-function studies indicated that the reduction of CircC16orf62 expression promotes the proliferation, invasion, and glycolysis of HCC in vitro and in vivo. The bioinformatic analysis found that miR-138-5p and PTK2 were the downstream target of CircC16or62. Then, the FISH(Fluorescence immunoin situ hybridization) and cell nucleoplasmic separation determined that CircC16orf62 located in the cell cytoplasm. Plasmid vectors or siRNAs were used to change the expression of CircC16orf62, miR-138-5p, and PTK2 in PC cell lines. CircC16orf62 functioned as a molecular sponge for miR-138-5p, and a competitive endogenous RNA for PTK2, promoting AKT/mTOR pathway activation. Our observations lead us to conclude that CircC16orf62 functions as an oncogene in HCC progression, behaving as a competitive endogenous RNA for miR-138-5p binding, thus activating the AKT/mTOR pathway. In conclusion, CircC16orf62 is an oncogene through the miR-138-5p/PTK2/Akt axis in HCC cells, indicating CircC16orf62 can be a therapeutic target with potentiality for liver cancer and a predictive marker for people with HCC.
Emerging understanding of apoptosis in mediating mesenchymal stem cell therapy
Authors: Fu Yu , Sui Bingdong , Xiang Lei , Yan Xutong , Wu Di , Shi Songtao , Hu Xuefeng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMesenchymal stem cell transplantation (MSCT) has been recognized as a potent and promising approach to achieve immunomodulation and tissue regeneration, but the mechanisms of how MSCs exert therapeutic effects remain to be elucidated. Increasing evidence suggests that transplanted MSCs only briefly remain viable in recipients, after which they undergo apoptosis in the host circulation or in engrafted tissues. Intriguingly, apoptosis of infused MSCs has been revealed to be indispensable for their therapeutic efficacy, while recipient cells can also develop apoptosis as a beneficial response in restoring systemic and local tissue homeostasis. It is notable that apoptotic cells produce apoptotic extracellular vesicles (apoEVs), traditionally known as apoptotic bodies (apoBDs), which possess characterized miRnomes and proteomes that contribute to their specialized function and to intercellular communication. Importantly, it has been demonstrated that the impact of apoEVs is long-lasting in health and disease contexts, and they critically mediate the efficacy of MSCT. In this review, we summarize the emerging understanding of apoptosis in mediating MSCT, highlighting the potential of apoEVs as cell-free therapeutics.
Entanglement of dark electron-nuclear spin defects in diamond
Authors: Degen M. J. , Loenen S. J. H. , Bartling H. P. , Bradley C. E. , Meinsma A. L. , Markham M. , Twitchen D. J. , Taminiau T. H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA promising approach for multi-qubit quantum registers is to use optically addressable spins to control multiple dark electron-spin defects in the environment. While recent experiments have observed signatures of coherent interactions with such dark spins, it is an open challenge to realize the individual control required for quantum information processing. Here, we demonstrate the heralded initialisation, control and entanglement of individual dark spins associated to multiple P1 centers, which are part of a spin bath surrounding a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond. We realize projective measurements to prepare the multiple degrees of freedom of P1 centers—their Jahn-Teller axis, nuclear spin and charge state—and exploit these to selectively access multiple P1s in the bath. We develop control and single-shot readout of the nuclear and electron spin, and use this to demonstrate an entangled state of two P1 centers. These results provide a proof-of-principle towards using dark electron-nuclear spin defects as qubits for quantum sensing, computation and networks.
Ultrafast-nonlinear ultraviolet pulse modulation in an AlInGaN polariton waveguide operating up to room temperature
Authors: Di Paola D. M. , Walker P. M. , Emmanuele R. P. A. , Yulin A. V. , Ciers J. , Zaidi Z. , Carlin J.-F. , Grandjean N. , Shelykh I. , Skolnick M. S. , Butté R. , Krizhanovskii D. N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUltrafast nonlinear photonics enables a host of applications in advanced on-chip spectroscopy and information processing. These rely on a strong intensity dependent (nonlinear) refractive index capable of modulating optical pulses on sub-picosecond timescales and on length scales suitable for integrated photonics. Currently there is no platform that can provide this for the UV spectral range where broadband spectra generated by nonlinear modulation can pave the way to new on-chip ultrafast (bio-) chemical spectroscopy devices. We demonstrate the giant nonlinearity of UV hybrid light-matter states (exciton-polaritons) up to room temperature in an AlInGaN waveguide. We experimentally measure ultrafast nonlinear spectral broadening of UV pulses in a compact 100 μm long device and deduce a nonlinearity 1000 times that in common UV nonlinear materials and comparable to non-UV polariton devices. Our demonstration promises to underpin a new generation of integrated UV nonlinear light sources for advanced spectroscopy and measurement.
Whole-genome microsynteny-based phylogeny of angiosperms
Authors: Zhao Tao , Zwaenepoel Arthur , Xue Jia-Yu , Kao Shu-Min , Li Zhen , Schranz M. Eric , Van de Peer Yves 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPlant genomes vary greatly in size, organization, and architecture. Such structural differences may be highly relevant for inference of genome evolution dynamics and phylogeny. Indeed, microsynteny—the conservation of local gene content and order—is recognized as a valuable source of phylogenetic information, but its use for the inference of large phylogenies has been limited. Here, by combining synteny network analysis, matrix representation, and maximum likelihood phylogenetic inference, we provide a way to reconstruct phylogenies based on microsynteny information. Both simulations and use of empirical data sets show our method to be accurate, consistent, and widely applicable. As an example, we focus on the analysis of a large-scale whole-genome data set for angiosperms, including more than 120 available high-quality genomes, representing more than 50 different plant families and 30 orders. Our ‘microsynteny-based’ tree is largely congruent with phylogenies proposed based on more traditional sequence alignment-based methods and current phylogenetic classifications but differs for some long-contested and controversial relationships. For instance, our synteny-based tree finds Vitales as early diverging eudicots, Saxifragales within superasterids, and magnoliids as sister to monocots. We discuss how synteny-based phylogenetic inference can complement traditional methods and could provide additional insights into some long-standing controversial phylogenetic relationships.