bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Correlation Between Work Motivation and Turnover Intention Among Primary Health Workers in China
Authors: Li Huiwen , Yuan Beibei , Yu Yahang , Li Jia , Meng Qingyue 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: High turnover intention, as a manifestation of low work motivation, is a crucial barrier to strengthening primary health systems worldwide, including in China. Targeting those being less motivated will be a realistic choice to retain primary health workers. This study translate, adapt, and validate the Work Motivation Scale for Health Workers (WMSHW) scale to directly measure and rate health workers’ motivation composition based on Self-Determination Theory, and assessed how health workers with different levels of motivation being associated with the turnover intention.Methods: The process of translation and cross-cultural adaptation followed the recommendations of international guidelines. Participants include 1341 health workers within 75 primary health institutions from 6 provinces in China. The reliability and validity of the scale was analyzed. Cluster analysis in a person-centered approach and logistic regression analysis was used to understand how different combinations of motivations related to intention to leave.Results: Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the modified five-factor model had a better fit than the other models in accordance with the original English version. The factor loads were high and ranged from 0.70 to 0.9．Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for five dimensions of the Chinese WMSHW ranged from 0.81 to 0.94, indicating the scale’s high internal consistency. Four distinct clusters of work motivation were found in this study, representing low motivated, highly controlled, highly autonomous and highly motivated primary health workers. Compared with low motivation group, both controlled and autonomous motivation groups were more likely to have lower turnover intention. The negative relationship between motivation and intention to leave became stronger with the level of motivation increasing: highly controlled cluster (OR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.35-0.63), highly autonomous (OR: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.18-0.41) and highly motivated (OR: 0.20; 95% CI: 0.15-0.27).Conclusion: The Chinese version of WMSHW showed satisfactory reliability and validity and can be used as an instrument for measuring and rating the work motivation of Chinese health workers. The primary health workers were grouped into four motivation levels based on this scale. Both controlled and autonomous motivation could work in reduce the turnover intention, and the influence of autonomous motivation on retaining was stronger.
The Additive Value of Semi-Quantitative Analysis of 18F-FDG PET/CT For The Diagnosis of Device Related Infections In Patients With A Left Ventricular Assist Device.
Authors: Hove Derk ten , Wahadat Ali R. , Slart Riemer H.J.A. , Wouthuyzen-Bakker Marjan , Mecozzi Gianclaudio , Damman Kevin , Witteveen Hester , Caliskan Kadir , Manintveld Olivier C. , Sinha Bhanu , Budde Ricardo P.J. , Glaudemans Andor W.J.M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) improve quality of life and long-term survival in advanced heart failure, but device related infections (DRI) remain cumbersome. We evaluated the diagnostic capability of FDG-PET/CT and the additive value of semi-quantitative analysis for the diagnosis of DRI. Methods: LVAD recipients undergoing FDG-PET/CT between December 2012 and August 2020 for suspected DRI were retrospectively included. FDG-PET/CT was performed and evaluated according to EANM guidelines and assessors were blinded to the clinical context of included patients. Final clinical diagnosis of driveline infection and/or central device infection, based on multidisciplinary consensus and findings during surgery whenever performed, was used as the reference for the diagnosis. Results: 44 patients were evaluated for 62 episodes of suspected DRI. Clinical evaluation established driveline infection in 33 (54%) episodes, central device infection in 8 (14%) and combined infection in 2 (4%). Visual analysis of FDG-PET/CT achieved a sensitivity and specificity of 0.83 and 0.73, respectively, for driveline infections, while semi-quantitative analysis found comparable results (p=0.77). For central device component infections, visual analysis of FDG-PET/CT achieved a sensitivity and specificity of 1.0 and 0.26, respectively, while semi-quantitative analysis using SUVratio (background liver) achieved a sensitivity and specificity of 1.0 and 0.8, respectively. Both SUVmax and SUVratio outperformed visual analysis (p<0.001). Conclusions: FDG-PET/CT is a valuable tool for the assessment of DRI in LVAD recipients. Semiquantitative analysis significantly increases specificity of FDG-PET/CT for the analysis of central device components and should be considered in equivocal cases after visual analysis.
The Potential to Use Variations in Tree-Ring Geometric Center to Estimate Past Wind Speed Change
Authors: Fang Keyan , He Maosheng , Bai Maowei , Dong Zhipeng , Linderholm Hans W. , Azorin-Molina Cesar , Guo Zhengtang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Tree radial growth is characterized by not only the annual ring-width increment but also shifts in the tree-ring geometric center (TRGC) if subjected to asymmetric external forcing, such as prevailing winds. Previous dendrochronological studies have used the asymmetric growth derived from tree-ring widths to reconstruct wind speed changes. Here we propose a novel method use quantitative TRGC measurements to estimate wind speed. We investigated TRGC shifts in northeast China, where the prevailing westerly winds are strong and persistent. We found that the TRGC showed significant correlations (r = 0.64, p < 0.01) with wind speed in May-September. The higher tree geometry sensitivity to wind speed obtained with the new method compared to previous ones, suggests the possibility of reconstructing historical wind change and variability in prevailing winds using TRGC. In addition, by correcting tree-ring radius according to their TRGC shifts, the basal area increment (BAI) was calculated. Our new BAI estimation provided stronger correlations with climate than both the standard tree-ring width chronology and a traditional BAI estimation. We suggest that future dendrochronological studies should consider TRGC shifts to increase the accuracy in climate reconstructions.
Case management intervention of High Users of the Emergency Department of a Portuguese hospital: a before-after design analysis
Authors: Gonçalves Simão , Von Hafe Francisco , Martins Flávio , Menino Carla , Guimarães Maria José , Mesquita Andreia , Sampaio Susana , Londral Ana Rita 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Emergency department (ED) High users (HU), defined as having more than ten visits to the ED per year, are a small group of patients that use a significant proportion of ED resources. The High Users Resolution Group(GRHU) identifies and provides care toHUto improve their health situation and reduce their visit frequency to the ED by delivering patient-centered, case management integrated care. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to measure the impact in terms of hospital visits of the GRHU intervention. Additionally, we aim to compare the program costs against its potential savings or additional costs. Finally, we intend to study the impact of the intervention across different groups of patients. Methods: We studied The changes triggered by the GRHU program in a retrospective non-controlled before-after analysis of patients’ hospital utilization data on six and 12-month windows from the first appointment. The GRHU team provided the patients’ and cost data. Results: A total of 238 EDHUwere intervened. A sample of 88 patients was analyzed on the 12-month window as they fulfilled all inclusion criteria. This intervention was associated with a statistically significant reduction of 51% in ED use and hospitalizations, and a non-statistically significant increase in the total number of outpatient appointments. Overall costs reduced 43.56%. We estimated the intervention costs to be€162,847.82. The net cost saving was€104,305.25. The program’s Return on Investment (ROI) was estimated to be€2.3. Conclusions: Patient-centered case management for EDHUseems to effectively reduce ED visits and hospitalizations, leading to the more appropriate use of resources.
Left Ventricular Systolic Function Affects Right Atrial Pressure as Prognosticator in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Saito Chihiro , Jujo Kentaro , Abe Takuro , Kametani Motoko , Arai Kotaro , Minami Yuichiro , Ashihara Kyomi , Hagiwara Nobuhisa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND
The effect of the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) on the prognostic impact of the right atrial pressure (RAP) in patients with heart failure (HF) requires clarification. We aimed to investigate whether LVEF affects the prognostic impact of RAP estimated from inferior vena cava (IVC) measurements in patients hospitalized with HF.
METHODS
Initially, this observational study included 1,349 consecutive patients urgently hospitalized with HF. After patient exclusions, 506 and 484 patients with reduced (<40%) and with non-reduced (≥40%) LVEF, respectively, were assigned according to maximum IVC diameter and its collapsibility, to the Normal-RAP (diameter ≤2.1cm; collapsibility ≥50%), High-RAP (diameter >2.1cm; collapsibility <50%), and Intermediate-RAP (others) groups. The endpoint comprised cardiovascular death after discharge and hospitalization for HF recurrence.
RESULTS
During the observation period, 247 (49%) patients with LVEF <40% and 178 (37%) patients with LVEF ≥40% experienced the endpoint. The patient subgroups with LVEF <40% had comparable event rates (ptrend=0.10). The High-RAP subgroup with LVEF ≥40% had a higher event rate than the other subgroups (p<0.001). The RAP independently predicted the endpoint in patients with LVEF ≥40% (hazard ratio: 1.26; 95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.59). The interaction between the RAP groups and LVEF regarding the primary endpoint was significant (pinteraction=0.007).
CONCLUSION
Stratifying patients with HF according to IVC measurements may predict the post-discharge cardiovascular prognoses of patients with non-reduced LVEF, but not that of patients with reduced LVEF.
Knowledge and attitudes toward epilepsy among the educated community in Sudan
Authors: Babiker Ismat , Elnaeim Awab K. , Elnaeim Mohamed K. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

many challenges and social barriers facing people with epilepsy (PWE), are mainly due to lack of knowledge and negative attitudes of communities toward PWE. Despite advancement in the understanding of epilepsy and the availability of epilepsy treatment, the objective of this study was to assess knowledge and attitude toward epilepsy among the educated community in Sudan.
Methods

in this cross-sectional descriptive internet-based survey that was conducted in Sudan during the period from January to April 2018, we developed a structured questionnaire that consists of demographic data and 16 statements to evaluate knowledge and attitude of the participants toward the nature of epilepsy, and social factors related to epilepsy. We used Google forms to collect data from participants who have a university degree or higher education.
Results

four hundred sixty-seven participants were included of whom 279 (60%) were females, the mean age of participants was 28.1 years (S.D. +/- 8.435). The majority of participants obtained their information from non-scientific sources, 69.6% had witnessed a seizure attack, and 38.3% have a relative with epilepsy, 77.9% knew that epilepsy is a problem in brain cells, while only 27.4% were aware that genetic factors may contribute to epilepsy. The participants had good knowledge that epilepsy is an organic disease rather than possession by the devil (8.1%), or punishment from God (0.6%), they were also aware that epilepsy is neither a mental illness (82.9%), nor contagious (96.6%), they think that epilepsy is controllable (92.7%), but not curable (49.5%). Our studied group had positive attitudes regarding marriage and employment in people with epilepsy (PWE), allowing PWE to attend family gatherings (96.4%), permitting children with epilepsy (CWE) to go to school (94%), and their children to play with CWE (93.8%).
Conclusion

the study demonstrated good knowledge and fair attitudes towards epilepsy. The female gender was significantly associated with good knowledge and positive attitudes towards epilepsy.
Delta-1 variant of SARS-COV-2 acquires spike V1264L and drives the pandemic in Indonesia, Singapore and Malaysia
Authors: Yang Xiang-Jiao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Since April 2021, delta variant of SARS-COV-2 has gradually overtaken all other variants and become a dominant pandemic driver around the world. It has evolved and yielded four subvariants: delta1, delta2, delta3 and delta4. While trying to understand how these subvariants drive the pandemic in Southeast Asia, I noticed that many d1 genomes from Indonesia encode an extra spike substitution, V1264L. Coincidentally, this confers an acidic dileucine motif because residues 1157-1262 are acidic and residue 1265 is leucine. Such a motif may affect subcellular trafficking of the resulting spike protein. Alarmingly, this V1264L-encoding delta1 subvariant (referred to as delta1L) has become the dominant pandemic driver in Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia and East Timor. Moreover, it has acquired additional spike substitutions: L1234L in Singapore and D215Y/N in Malaysia. On the average, the resulting sublineages carry 46-48 mutations per genome, making them some of the most mutated variants identified so far. Moreover, a d1 sublineage from the United Kingdom has acquired V1264L along with spike Y145H and A222V, a signature substitution of a SARS-COV-2 clade that was a major pandemic driver in Europe during the summer of 2020. A222V improves an extensive hydrophobic interaction network at the N-terminal domain of spike protein and may make this sublineage more virulent than delta1 and delta1L. Some delta2 subvariant genomes identified in the United States of America and other countries also encode V1264L. Thus, V1264L is a recurrent spike substitution frequently acquired by d subvariants during convergent evolution. This recurrence also suggests that V1264L is one key mechanism by which d variant adopts to expand its ‘evolutionary cage.’
Sources and ecological risk mapping of trace elements in multi-contaminated soils of gold mine employing GIS methods - Muthe Gold Mine, Iran
Authors: Ghafouri Laleh , Darabi Hasan , Rahmati Saeed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The properties of solid mine wastes are essential for understanding their potential health and ecological hazards, as well as chemical composition, although there is limited empirical data, especially in developing countries. This investigation was done to evaluate the possible trace element concentrations, sources and potential ecological risks in gold mine soil by applying Hakanson risk assessment method with ArcGIS technology. In this field study, quantitative contamination indicators like geoaccumulation index, contamination factor and ecological risk index were applied to compare three different sites. A total of 34 topsoil samples were collected from three selected areas, following which the different contamination parameters as well as sources of Arsenic, Copper Nickle, Lead and Zinc were determined. Results showed the concentration of Cu and As in soil samples of the gold mine area exceeded recommended standard values which seems to have a mix of anthropogenic and natural sources. The geochemical accumulation index results indicated clear signs that Cu with Igeo values for the three selected areas was classified as uncontaminated to moderately contaminated (0≤Igeo<1). In regard to CF, the Senjedeh mine was classified as having very high contamination with Cu (CF ≥6). These findings indicated that the tailing dam and concentration factory were categorized as having ‘low ecological risk’ (RI≤150); while Senjedeh mine was respected as having ‘very high ecological risk’ (300≤RI<600). These findings emphasize the necessity for appropriate mine wastes characterization to make management decisions point towards reducing trace element pollution of soil and the related potential environmental and human health risks.
Efficacy of fluoride varnish in treating orthodontically-induced white spot lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alrebdi Abdulaziz , Ericson Dan , Qasim Syed Saad B. , Albahoth Ahmad , Al-Sulimani Abdulelah , Baskaradoss Jagan Kumar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To systematically review the effectiveness of 5% sodium fluoride varnish (FV) in the treatment of orthodontically-induced white spot lesions (WSLs).

Methods
A literature search of three independent databases (Medline, Cochrane Library and Web of Science) was performed from inception to November 2020. This systematic review included randomised/quasi-randomised clinical trials (RCTs) that used FV for patients who had at least one WSL as a result of fixed orthodontic treatment. Exclusion criteria were split-mouth study designs or studies that failed to report WSLs as the outcome variable or studies with less than 3 months follow-up. An Inverse-Variance fixed-effect method was performed for continuous variables. Changes in the mean difference (MD) for the DIAGNOdent (DD) scores following FV application were calculated at the 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results
Three of the four included studies showed significant improvement in the remineralisation of WSL after treatment with FV in comparison to control subjects. Three studies were conducted on patients after fixed orthodontic treatment and one study was conducted during treatment. The studies included a total of 284 participants with the majority in the age range of 10 to 25 years. The distribution of the participants was approximately equal in the FV and control group. When compared with the control group, there was a statistically significant reduction in the mean DD readings for the FV group at the 3-month (MD = -3.43; 95% CI: -4.72 to -2.15; p < 0.001) and at the 6-month (MD = -4.47; 95% CI: -4.72 to -2.15; p < 0.001) follow-up visit.

Conclusions
Although few studies have shown the effectiveness of FV application in the treatment of orthodontically-induced WSLs, the limited number of robust clinical trials, makes it difficult to draw a definitive conclusion.
Perception of dental midline deviation and smile attractiveness by eye-tracking and aesthetic ratings
Authors: Aşik Sümeyye , Kök Hatice 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aim
To evaluate the perception of smile aesthetics and midline deviation considered by orthodontists (ORT), dentists (DT), patient’s-relatives (PR), and laypersons (LP) using an eye-tracking device and survey.

Methods
The study invited the participation of 42 orthodontists, 51 dentists, 50 patient-relatives, and 52 laypersons. A posed smile photograph of a female was chosen as a base image. The dental midline (DML) was digitally moved 1 mm (DML1R, DML1L), 2 mm (DML2R, DML2L), 3 mm (DML3R, DML3L), and 4 mm (DML4R, DML4L) on the base image’s right (DMLR) and left (DMLL) segments. Eight modified images were subsequently obtained. The base, modified, and repeated images were randomly arranged and uploaded into the Tobii Pro Lab software program for assessment by the participants. An eye-tracking dataset included first fixation duration (FFD), total fixation duration (TFD), and visit counts (VC). The participants also evaluated the photographs on the survey forms via a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and a Likert scale. The intra-group relations and inter-group correlations were evaluated statistically.

Results
The TFD for the DML2R photograph was found to be statistically significant between the assessment groups (p = 0.026). While the longest fixation time (0.93 sec) belonged to the orthodontists, it was observed that the patient relatives had the shortest fixation time (0.51 sec). The VAS score for the DML2R image was found to be highest in laypersons (p < 0.001). In general, the survey scores of the patient relatives and laypersons were higher.

Conclusion
The fixation time between the participant groups increased when there was a 2 mm deviation. A 2 mm shift in the DML was noticed by all participant groups and was considered unaesthetic.
Multidisciplinary management of an adult skeletal Class III patient with generalized aggressive periodontitis and canine-premolar transposition
Authors: İnce-Bingöl Sinem , Nişancı-Yılmaz Mediha Nur , Kaya Burçak 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This case report presents orthodontic camouflage treatment and the correction of transposed canine-first premolar teeth in a patient who presented with a skeletal Class III and familial periodontal problem. A 28-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with generalised aggressive periodontitis was treated by scaling and root planing plus the adjunctive use of systemic antibiotics and surgical therapy prior to referral to the orthodontic department. After the progression of the disease was controlled, orthodontic treatment was commenced to correct the dental transposition by using a modified Nance-TPA appliance and sectional arch mechanics. A non-extraction orthodontic camouflage treatment was planned to eliminate the anterior crossbite and to establish a proper occlusion by closing the multiple diastemata. Treatment outcomes remained stable in the 2-year follow-up period. Severe orthodontic-periodontal problems can be successfully treated by oral hygiene motivation, an interdisciplinary approach, and the selection of appropriate biomechanics.
Superflow decay in a toroidal Bose gas: The effect of quantum and thermal fluctuations
Authors: Mehdi Zain , Bradley Ashton , Hope Joseph , Szigeti Stuart 
Published: October 2021

We theoretically investigate the stochastic decay of persistent
currents in a toroidal ultracold atomic superfluid caused by a
perturbing barrier. Specifically, we perform detailed three-dimensional
simulations to model the experiment of Kumar et al. in [Phys. Rev. A 95
021602 (2017)], which observed a strong temperature dependence in the
timescale of superflow decay in an ultracold Bose gas. Our ab initio
numerical approach exploits a classical-field framework that includes
thermal fluctuations due to interactions between the superfluid and a
thermal cloud, as well as the intrinsic quantum fluctuations of the Bose
gas. In the low-temperature regime our simulations provide a
quantitative description of the experimental decay timescales, improving
on previous numerical and analytical approaches. At higher temperatures,
our simulations give decay timescales that range over the same orders of
magnitude observed in the experiment, however, there are some
quantitative discrepancies that are not captured by any of the
mechanisms we explore. Our results suggest a need for further
experimental and theoretical studies into superflow stability.