bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metáforas visuais e multimodais na conceptualização da COVID-19
Authors: Cavalcante Sandra , Correa Gomes Junior Ronaldo 
Published: August 2021

Neste artigo, assumimos o objetivo de contribuir para uma discussão social sobre a representação metafórica da dinâmica de contaminação, contágio e letalidade do vírus SARS-CoV-2, nos primeiros meses da pandemia. Para isso, nos propomos a analisar o processo de conceptualização subjacente a metáforas visuais e multimodais que referenciam o vírus, a doença e o fenômeno da pandemia. A análise focaliza um conjunto de textos de natureza visual e multimodal, constitutivamente metafórico, constituído coletivamente, por estudantes de um Curso de Letras, em uma atividade que buscava refletir criticamente sobre o papel da metáfora na construção da narrativa social sobre a pandemia do coronavírus em 2020. Articulando construtos teóricos que visam à compreensão do fenômeno da metáfora em uma perspectiva linguístico cognitiva (domínios conceptuais, metáfora visual, metáfora multimodal) e associando princípios da Gramática do Design Visual (metafunção composicional), a análise dedica-se à interpretação do processo de conceptualização metafórica implicado na discursivização da crise sanitária, bem como à explicitação de efeitos de sentido projetados pelas práticas discursivas em estudo. Além da atualização recursiva de metáforas conceptuais como DOENÇA É VIAGEM e DOENÇA É GUERRA, a análise de dados revela que a experiência social da pandemia é construída também pela personificação do coronavírus, pela conceptualização do contágio como uma reação em cadeia causada pela ação humana, pela projeção de líderes do governo em personagens ficcionais conhecidos pela infantilidade e pela metaforização do povo brasileiro como cego e festivo.
Palavras-chave: Metaforização; Conceptualização; COVID-19.
Using Nano-Materials to Change Metal Surface Characteristics and Slow the Buildup of Paraffins, Asphaltenes and Other Oil-Based Contaminants
Authors: Patil Ajeeta , Mathias Todd A , Drees Sharon 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Paraffin buildup is a fact of life in many oil and gas production fields. When downhole reservoirs lose pressure or temperature, paraffin precipitates and builds up on everything from pipe to valves to instrumentation to the walls in vessels. This buildup slows the process, constricts lines, and clogs instruments. Chemical treatments to keep paraffin from precipitating out of the fluid are widely known, but expensive. In addition to treating the liquid, producers should also consider treating the devices in the flow line to resist buildup.
This paper will show how using nano-material to treat surfaces of components in the flow line—such as sensitive instruments, vessels, meters, valves—can slow or stop the buildup of these contaminants. By changing the bonding energy of the surface metal, these nano surface treatments hinder the ability of contaminants to adhere to a surface. These treatments do not affect mechanical, optical, or electrical properties of the treated devices.
The discussion will include technical differences between a "coating" and "surface treatment" and the impact of these differences on a flow process. The paper will highlight environments that are best suited for these nano surface treatments and the different application methods available for treating devices. Data will showcase the performance of nano surface treatments in common applications, such as Coriolis meters, turbine meters, valves, flow and level devices. Producers have seen significant extension in the functional life of these devices and achieved significant operational savings. The paper will discuss how this data applies to other applications such as vessels, chemical reactors, filters, and more.
In conclusion, nano-materials offer new and novel ways to maintain flow through valves, sensitive instruments, and other critical components in a flow line. Surface treatments, using nano-materials are easily applied, have a permanent effect on the surface energy of the metal, and do not hinder the optical, mechanical, or electrical properties of treated devices. Benefits of these treatments include reduced maintenance downtime and cost, improved performance of critical instrumentation and increased reliability of flow meters and valves.
Repurposing of Offshore Oil and Gas Cables for Renewable Generation: Feasibility and Conceptual Qualification
Authors: Mahmoud Ramy Magdy A. , Fayad Hazem , Dodds Paul E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWind farms are expected to be deployed in the North Sea in increasing numbers and at ever greater distances from land, over the coming decades. Many nearby oil and gas fields have reached or are near the end of their lifespans, and their operators are eager to explore innovative ways to reduce decommissioning costs. One possibility would be to repurpose some of their infrastructures for use by wind farms, which would both delay decommissioning and reduce the wind farm capital costs. This paper investigates the potential for repurposing existing submarine power cores in decommissioned oil and gas fields as transmission cables for offshore renewables.Offshore power cables generally have longer lifetimes than are needed to deplete hydrocarbon reservoirs. Cable transmission capacity could be too low to provide the main connection to wind farms, but there is scope to increase capacity or use cables as auxiliary connections. A qualification methodology is proposed to assess whether existing cables might be usefully repurposed. Repurposing cables has an impact on renewable project capital expenditure (CAPEX) and levelised cost of energy (LCOE), it also positively affects decommissioning cost and the environment. The qualification methodology provides a cost-effective initial appraisal prior to field testing.
Diverless Revolution - Initiatives and Preliminary Results in the Replacement of Human Diving in Submarine Inspection and Maintenance Operations
Authors: Nunes Romario De Carvalho , Felix Natalia Moreira , Neto Antonio Savergnini , Santana Andre Luiz Bevilaqua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article investigates the diverless trend in the global oil industry, demonstrating relevant aspects of this transition that involves replacing human diving in subsea operations with specific tools and equipment. In this sense, the operational, financial and security aspects related to the theme will be explored. Using the descriptive methodology and in light of Petrobras' case studies, the article aims to correlate the technologies developed to enable diverless operations - including changing the scope of the important Petrobras Route 3 Gas Pipeline project - with increasing operational efficiency and reducing the costs involved in operations. The article also contextualizes the benefits obtained by reducing human exposure and improving safety indicators, a current and relevant topic in the oil industry.
The Challenge of Elastomer Seals for Blowout Preventer BOP and Wellhead/Christmas Trees under High Temperature
Authors: Chen Xuming , Zonoz Ray , Salem Hamid A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
It is critically important for elastomer sealing components in blowout preventers (BOP) and wellheads to meet the pressure and temperature rating requirements under the newly released American Petroleum Institute (API) standards, API 16A (fourth edition) and API 6A (twenty-first edition) respectively. Extrusion resistance under high pressure and high temperature is one of the most critical challenge for the elastomer sealing components to meet the above API standards. This challenge is related to the basic properties of elastomer materials and mechanical design of the sealing components. This paper outlines how a simple and low-cost approach was developed to evaluate extrusion resistance of elastomer sealing components, and the correlation between critical tear pressure and extrusion gap of the two elastomers seals was evaluated using a power law equation. This correlation revealed that the above challenges of elastomer sealing components for BOPs and wellheads/Christmas trees is related to the weak strength of elastomers under high temperature and large clearances (extrusion gap) in current designs. New materials and/or new mechanical design to overcome such a challenge were also provided and discussed in this paper.
The paper will help practicing engineers understand the challenge of material selection, mechanical design, and API testing as well as better understand the capability and limitation of sealing components for blowout preventors and wellhead applications under high pressure and/or high temperature (HPHT).
Guyana: Liza Phase 2 Novel Execution to Accelerate Field Development
Authors: Burns Lawson , Allen Theresa , Karlik Jeff , Ding John , Cauthen Rea , Das Mita , Ashley Guy , Szafranski Robert 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Liza Phase 2 Project combines a novel execution approach and forward-looking technology components to develop more complex areas of the Liza resource. The project delivers technology to optimize resource development through efficient Subsea, Umbilicals, Risers, and Flowlines (SURF) equipment designs and digital elements to enable future capabilities, such as a fiber optic cable to shore. For a new approach to Floating, Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) delivery, the project is partnering with SBM for the first ever use of their Fast4Ward® concept.The SBM Fast4Ward® program utilizes the Multi-Purpose Floater (MPF) hull design and provides the benefits of a new build FPSO with a reduced project development time similar to that of conversions. With almost double the SURF infrastructure as Liza Phase 1, Liza Phase 2 uses learnings and standardized SURF architecture to deliver one of the industry's largest subsea developments. Establishment of win-win partnerships with the primary contractors to achieve best overall value and strategic use of part number duplication contribute to the overall success.Based on the work of ExxonMobil proprietary reservoir modelling, infrastructure is being installed to enable Water Alternating Gas (WAG) injection for the complex development while a subsea fiber optic cable enables data to shore for optimized reservoir management and advanced facilities surveillance.The project is on track to deliver ~2 years after first oil was achieved for Liza Phase 1 by building on design replication and common methodologies where possible. Through thoughtful application of standardization, learnings, and incorporation of new technologies, the project efficiently delivers advanced capabilities to the Liza field. This also enables a "Design One, Build Multiple" (D1BM) approach for future developments in Guyana.
Qualification of a New Multiphase Pump. the Setting of a New Standard
Authors: Hofstad Åge , Olderheim Tarje , Almgren Magnus , Rondon Marianna , Thibaut Edouard , Bibet Pierre-Jean 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The recent trend in the oil industry is to save CAPEX and exploit every offshore field to increase production and maximize reserves. Also, deeper water and longer step-out is a challenge for new fields. The most adapted technology to unlock these reserves is the use of subsea boosting like a multiphase pump on the seafloor. Subsea boosting has been used for decades with well proven results, but up to now, some limitations in power and lift pressure exist. This new multiphase pump development has increased the potential pressure generation manyfold from the typical ΔP of 50 bar (725 psi) at the beginning of the project.
Developing such a powerful two-phase pump driven by a liquid-filled motor requires a unique combination of expertise in machinery engineering, electrical engineering, fluid mechanics and rotor dynamics. The objective of the co-authors is to share this experience by bringing some insights on what it takes to develop, test, and qualify such specific product. Outlines of the methodology will be described, key results will be detailed, and lessons learnt will be presented.
The new design was fully tested first component-wise and then for a full-size prototype. A wide process envelope was mapped during the final qualification program with 3,000 points tested in the range 2,000-6,000 RPM and 0 - 100% GVF (Gas Volume Fraction). Qualification tests concluded with more than 2,000 cumulative hours.
The main challenges in this program were the development of an innovative multiphase impeller and the qualification of the first MPP (MultiPhase Pump) with a back-to-back configuration. Concerning the motor, the development includes a high speed 6,000 RPM, 6 MW liquid-filled induction motor and a new stator winding insulation cable.
With this new product, the pump market is ready to overcome challenges to produce deeper and further reservoirs in a constant evolutive oil and gas market.
Simulated Full Lifetime Response Data of a Turret-Moored FPSO for Training AI Using HPC
Authors: Lim Ho-Joon , Kim Hyoungchul , Koo Bonjun , Sidarta Djoni Eka 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Typically, limited operational time and data are available to adequately train artificial intelligence (AI) models for new field developments. Simulation data has the potential to train AI, but it must be sufficiently accurate, reliable and comprehensive. The main objective of this research is to generate and customize response data of a turret-moored Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) vessel for AI training.
Direct time-domain simulation, covering the entire service life (e.g. 100,000 simulations, each representing 3 hours, for 35 years) of a floating platform, has become practical using High Performance Computing (HPC). In this study, 21-year hindcast Gulf of Mexico environmental data with 3-hour intervals for the Gulf of Mexico are simulated, and the responses of a turret-moored FPSO are analyzed using a fully coupled time domain analysis method. The FPSO and turret are modeled as independent bodies and connected through a bearing connection model, which allows rotation of the FPSO with respect to its mooring system.
The numerical model, which has been validated through model tests, is utilized for simulating the entire service life responses of a turret-moored FPSO. The results provide 61,360 cases of 3-hour time series data with 6 degrees of freedom (DOF) responses for both the turret and FPSO, mooring tensions, and interaction loads between the turret and FPSO. Significantly, the large yaw response, which is a unique characteristic of a turret-moored FPSO, is accurately captured. Moreover, the simulated data set is sufficiently large for AI training, and the real time predictions of a turret-moored FPSO are discussed.
Transformation of Digital Requirements: An Enabler for Successful Complex Projects
Authors: Hudson Abe , Marsh Jim 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses the lessons learned from transforming upstream operational requirements from a document environment into a requirements management tool (database). Operations requirements from upstream practices, procedures, specifications, and guides were migrated from a document centric environment into a requirements management system (data centric). Here, requirements were assigned attributes denoting the organization and accountable operational role that requirement. Many organizations, operating complex offshore procedures, especially where operations are highly regulated, are looking to move their operational requirements from a document centric environment to a data centric environment. This paper highlights some potential pitfalls and mitigation strategies for ensuring a successful migration.
Nanomaterials Improve Polymer-Based Gravel-Packing Fluids at High Temperature
Authors: Prabhu Rasika , Santamaria Juan-Carlos , Vaidya Nirupama , Abivin Patrice , Lafitte Valerie , Gadiyar Balkrishna 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A gravel packing fluid system was developed for elevated temperature applications above 290°F comprised of xanthan gum and a high-temperature gravel suspension additive. This fluid system has been successfully pumped in four openhole gravel packing operations so far, validating its suitability for Alternate Path gravel packing technology involving shunt tubes. Laboratory qualification testing for this fluid showed excellent gravel suspension, rheology, and breaking profiles for cleanup and minimal damage during production.
Xanthan gels have been used in gravel packing applications for many years. However, by itself, xanthan was unable to suspend gravel at temperatures above 290°F possibly due to onset of thermally activated polymer degradation. This paper demonstrates that gravel suspension ability can be vastly improved with the addition of a recently developed nano-additive. This additive is a specially designed versatile nanosized material that has a proven track record with visco-elastic surfactant fluids in the past. In the present study, we show the successful application of this additive with polymer-based carrier fluids such as xanthan, effectively increasing their application range to 325°F. With the inclusion of this suspension additive, xanthan concentration in the fluid system can also be reduced, which has other potential benefits such as better cleanup after gel break.
Extensive laboratory evaluation for fluid qualification was performed prior to the job. High-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) rheology measurements were performed using industry-standard rheometers at various shear rates to match specific viscosity requirements for shunt tube applications. Gravel suspension tests performed using special pressurized cells immersed in oil bath at the required bottomhole static temperature showed improved gravel suspension with the nano-additive. Fluid breaking with conventional oxidative breaker was also demonstrated with viscosity measurements. Formation response tests showed very good fluid cleanup with 90% regained permeability.
Laboratory testing and successful field applications have proven the effectiveness of this new fluid system.
Optimizing Deepwater Rig Operations With Advanced Remotely Operated Vehicle Technology
Authors: McCoy Bernard , MacInnes Peter , Angelidis Diogenes , Collins Robert , Sosa Julio , Rauf Zain 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In order for capital-intensive deepwater prospects to remain at investment grade potential, it is important the industry achieve meaningful improvement in capital efficiency. Achieving this goal will require a multi-faceted strategy in which advanced new technology and digital transformation will play a determining role. This paper will address the optimization of rig operations through deployment of an advanced Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) system that leverages precision robotics and automation technologies; reducing total cost of ownership (TCO) through increased rig productivity, operational certainty and overall utilization.
Current ROV technology faces several key limitations which contribute to both schedule and cost variation. These inefficiencies are a combination of human skill variance, ROV system limitations and reliability. Advanced ROV systems have been deployed on two deepwater rigs to demonstrate that machine vision and precision robotics technologies will radically improve the predictability and efficiency of operations. Comprehensive metrics addressing safety, budget impact, cost avoidance & reduction, inventory reduction & non price TCO have been developed to capture the efficiencies and identify the net improvement to drilling and completion operations and yield outcome-based performance.
An overview of the key deficiencies and limitations of legacy ROV operations will be conveyed, focusing on; i) High dependency on ROV pilot subsea task skills, ii) Worksite efficiency and ROV availability, iii) Restricted tooling capabilities per dive, iv) Rental tooling logistics and cost, v) Equipment reliability at depth, vi) Inefficient tooling changes, and vii) Dive duration and lost time efficiency launch/recovery time. An overview of how the advanced ROV system resolves these issues will be explained. In addition, an explanation of the productivity metrics will be conveyed, supported with data from the active offshore projects. Key conclusions from the data identify that enhanced robotics will achieve the objectives of i) Reducing schedule and cost risks which improve total cost of ownership, ii) Enhancing capability and improved wellsite efficiency, and iii) Increasing subsea data.
The performance issues of legacy ROV operations and associated project cost impact is currently not widely recognized by the offshore drilling community. The realized limitations of such ROV operations and lack of useful performance metrics to identify non-productive time will be explained. The progression in robotic design that drives a new era of subsea robotic efficiency will be conveyed with results from offshore operations, combined with robust metrics that enable significant operational value and cost savings to be attained.
Incorporating Digital Solutions to Foster Greater Remote Engagement with Personnel
Authors: Wilson Lee , Velez Ferdinand , Lim Jason , Boyd Leah 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Like most business sectors, the oil and gas industry had to adapt to virtual meetings and working from home in the new reality of the global COVID-19 pandemic. This has introduced new complications to completing activities that traditionally require personnel to be on site and collaborate in teams. This paper reviews digital initiatives that allow workers to collaborate virtually on EHS (Environmental, Health, & Safety)-driven practices such as safety audits and engage remotely for improved morale.
Specifically, the paper reviews the recent implementation of digital connectivity solutions for remote workers to join virtual ‘Safety Walk and Talks’ in processing facilities and offshore platforms. It also reviews programs to promote connectivity between workers, including virtual town halls and online coffee-hours conversations.
While these digitally enabled remote engagement initiatives are still relatively new, they have quickly provided benefits to the safe operation of offshore assets and the morale and mental wellbeing of the workforce. The first virtual ‘Safety Walk and Talk,’ which was conducted in Indonesia, brought together a cross-functional team that was split between a few in-person attendees and a majority of people joining virtually from remote locations. While the digital connection was not seamless, this first-of-its-kind virtual meeting proved the concept. The process improves EHS metrics by minimizing travel of teams to and from the site. It also keeps more people out of potentially hazardous work environments and minimizes exposure to coronavirus or other health hazards.
Other digital connectivity measures such as virtual town halls and worker-submitted videos have increased engagement between management, workers, and teams located around the globe. A virtual ‘Coffee Roulette’ program, in which workers spin a virtual wheel that connects them with other employees for informal chats, has allowed people to make new connections and feel less isolated.
From Data to Assessment Models, Demonstrated through a Digital Twin of Marine Risers
Authors: Kharazmi Ehsan , Wang Zhicheng , Fan Dixia , Rudy Samuel , Sapsis Themis , Triantafyllou Michael S. , Karniadakis George E. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Assessing the fatigue damage in marine risers due to vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) serves as a comprehensive example of using machine learning methods to derive assessment models of complex systems. A complete characterization of response of such complex systems is usually unavailable despite massive experimental data and computation results. These algorithms can use multi-fidelity data sets from multiple sources, including real-time sensor data from the field, systematic experimental data, and simulation data. Here we develop a three-pronged approach to demonstrate how tools in machine learning are employed to develop data-driven models that can be used for accurate and efficient fatigue damage predictions for marine risers subject to VIV.