bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of occupational therapy on improvements in the handwriting ability of the adult non‐dominant hand: An exploratory randomised controlled trial
Authors: Mutai Hitoshi , Sato Masaaki , Kitahara Tomoki , Hamada Aoi , Ozawa Kana , Noji Anna , Sugimoto Sayaka , Iwanami Jun , Sagari Akira 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionOccupational therapy often involves handwriting acquisition practices that include the non‐dominant hand when improvements in the dominant hand function are not possible because of trauma or stroke. This study explored whether character tracing and using a pegboard can effectively improve the handwriting of the non‐dominant hand.MethodsA randomised controlled trial involving 60 healthy university students aged ≥18 years was conducted. Participants were randomly assigned to the writing group, peg group or control group. The character recognition rate was evaluated by computer software. Furthermore, character quality and writing speed were evaluated by humans using global legibility scales. Evaluations were performed before the intervention (baseline) and on days 5 and 10 of the intervention. Using the non‐dominant hand, the writing group traced characters on paper with a ballpoint pen, and the peg group used a pegboard for 15 min/day for 10 days.ResultsCompared with the peg and control groups, the writing group showed significant improvements in the character recognition rate and global legibility scale score. However, the global legibility scale score did not improve to the same level as that achieved with the dominant hand. None of the evaluation scores of the peg group showed significant improvements compared with those of the control group. There were no significant differences in improvements in the writing speed of the writing and peg groups compared with the control group.ConclusionTracing characters can improve the handwriting ability of the non‐dominant hand, but using a pegboard may be less effective. Future research is needed to examine how much practice is necessary to improve the handwriting ability of the non‐dominant hand sufficiently.
Novel Alcaligenes ammonioxydans sp. nov. from wastewater treatment sludge oxidizes ammonia to N2 with a previously unknown pathway
Authors: Wu Meng‐Ru , Hou Ting‐Ting , Liu Ying , Miao Li‐Li , Ai Guo‐Min , Ma Lan , Zhu Hai‐Zhen , Zhu Ya‐Xin , Gao Xi‐Yan , Herbold Craig W. , Wagner Michael , Li De‐Feng , Liu Zhi‐Pei , Liu Shuang‐Jiang 
Published: September 2021

SummaryHeterotrophic nitrifiers are able to oxidize and remove ammonia from nitrogen‐rich wastewaters but the genetic elements of heterotrophic ammonia oxidation are poorly understood. Here, we isolated and identified a novel heterotrophic nitrifier, Alcaligenes ammonioxydans sp. nov. strain HO‐1, oxidizing ammonia to hydroxylamine and ending in the production of N2 gas. Genome analysis revealed that strain HO‐1 encoded a complete denitrification pathway but lacks any genes coding for homologous to known ammonia monooxygenases or hydroxylamine oxidoreductases. Our results demonstrated strain HO‐1 denitrified nitrite (not nitrate) to N2 and N2O at anaerobic and aerobic conditions respectively. Further experiments demonstrated that inhibition of aerobic denitrification did not stop ammonia oxidation and N2 production. A gene cluster (dnfT1RT2ABCD) was cloned from strain HO‐1 and enabled E. coli accumulated hydroxylamine. Sub‐cloning showed that genetic cluster dnfAB or dnfABC already enabled E. coli cells to produce hydroxylamine and further to 15N2 from (15NH4)2SO4. Transcriptome analysis revealed these three genes dnfA, dnfB and dnfC were significantly upregulated in response to ammonia stimulation. Taken together, we concluded that strain HO‐1 has a novel dnf genetic cluster for ammonia oxidation and this dnf genetic cluster encoded a previously unknown pathway of direct ammonia oxidation (Dirammox) to N2.
The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment: A Review and Re‐Analysis of Evidence from Australia
Authors: Rafidi Zac , Verikios George 
Published: September 2021

AbstractForeign direct investment (FDI) is foundational to economic growth. Despite this, the Australian empirical literature is limited. Therefore we examine the empirical determinants of Australia's inflow of FDI to understand the factors that motivate FDI. Using autoregressive distributed lag models, the study also highlights how these determinants change across time. While inward FDI can be explained by various theories it is most effectively understood by Dunning's Ownership, Locational and Internalisation framework. Therefore, the factors most important in Australia to attracting FDI are monetary policy, productivity, a competitive tax structure, labour market flexibility and costs of trade and investment.
A Woman's Place is in the House: Reclaiming Civility, Tolerance and Respect in Political Life
Authors: Cox Dame Laura 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article is based on the keynote address given by the author on 6 May 2021 at a conference organised by Maison Française d'Oxford/Worcester College, Oxford, with the support of The Political Quarterly and the Alfred Toepfer Stiftung. It considers the world of angry and divisive politics in which we currently reside and the serious adverse impact this is having on women in politics and in public life generally. It examines the causes of the increasing misogyny that exists both online and offline, why there is both an individual and an institutional responsibility to take action to tackle it, and how these problems need urgently to be addressed if women are to continue to play an active role in political life.
Distribution of Selected Critical Elements in the Carboniferous Coal‐bearing Series of the Upper Silesian and Lublin Coal Basins (Poland)
Authors: KRZESZOWSKA Ewa , KOKOWSKA‐PAWŁOWSKA Magdalena , KRZESZOWSKI Światosław 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe distribution of selected critical elements in the sedimentary rocks of the Carboniferous coal‐bearing series within the Polish Coal Basins is presented. Critical elements such as Be, Mg, Si, P, Sc, V, Co, Y, Nb, In, Sb, La, Ce, Hf, Ta, W, Bi were analysed using inductively‐coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS). Concentrations of elements such as Sb, Bi, In and, to a slightly lesser extent, Nb, as well as Sc, show average concentrations higher than those from the upper continental crust. The average concentrations of elements like Hf, Mg, P, Y, La, and Ce are slightly lower than in the upper continental crust. Other elements, such as Be, Co, Si, Ta, W and V have average concentrations that are similar, but slightly enriched or slightly depleted, relative to the upper continental crust. The research showed enrichment of some critical elements in the analysed samples, but not high enough that extraction would be economically viable. Statistical methods, which include correlation coefficients between elements and cluster analysis, reveal a strong positive correlation between elements like Be, Bi, Nb, Sc, Ta, W and V. Very high, almost total, positive correlation is also noted between La and Ce.
General or regional anaesthesia for postpartum haemorrhage—A national population‐based cohort study
Authors: Wikkelsø Anne J. , Secher Erik L. , Edwards Hellen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAnaesthesia is required to assist the treatment of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) when manual removal of the placenta or emptying of the uterine cavity is required. The choice between general or regional anaesthesia may depend upon factors such as existing epidural, airway, hypovolaemia, and tradition.MethodsData from a randomized controlled trial of PPH (FIB‐PPH) was used to reveal differences between delivery centres. In addition, national data of 5,601 PPH procedures requiring anaesthesia during 2010–2015 was collected from the Danish Medical Birth Registry, the National Danish Patient Registry, and the Danish Anaesthesia Database. The aim is to describe the variation in choice of anaesthesia for treatment of PPH.ResultsData from the randomized trial showed large differences in practice between centres not explained by physiological factors. Using national Danish registry data, we show that large delivery centres as compared to small centres prefer regional anaesthesia for PPH procedures in opposed to general anaesthesia. Sevoflurane was used despite it causing uterine relaxation. The use of general anaesthesia was associated with younger parturients, larger blood loss, and larger Body‐Mass Index. Aspiration was recorded in one case (0.02%). In the postoperative care‐unit general anaesthesia was associated with a shorter stay, but also higher pain score at admission.ConclusionPractice varies immensely between delivery centres with large centres preferring regional anaesthesia. Difference in practice might be explained by level of experience, here large centres might be more confident using regional anaesthesia. Knowledge is being extrapolated from literature on caesarean sections. Future studies should address the optimal choice of anaesthesia for PPH procedures.
Inclusion of older adults in emergency department clinical research: Strategies to achieve a critical goal
Authors: Hunold Katherine M. , Goldberg Elizabeth M. , Caterino Jeffrey M. , Hwang Ula , Platts‐Mills Timothy F. , Shah Manish N. , Rosen Tony ,   for the Academy for Geriatric Emergency Medicine
Published: September 2021

AbstractMedical research across all fields has historically excluded older adults (aged 65 years and older). Because older adults have a higher burden of chronic illness, respond differently to treatment, and are more prone to medication side effects, the results of current research may not be applicable to this important population. To address this major research deficiency, the National Institutes of Health established the Inclusion Across the Lifespan policy, effective January 2019. We present important considerations and proven strategies for successful inclusion of older adults in emergency care research relating to study design, participant recruitment and retention, and sources of support for investigators.
Correlates of mild, moderate, and severe Alcohol Use Disorder among adults with problem substance use: Validity implications for DSM‐5
Authors: Mannes Zachary L. , Shmulewitz Dvora , Livne Ofir , Stohl Malki , Hasin Deborah S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe DSM‐5 definition of alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been well validated, but information is lacking on the extent to which alcohol use, comorbidity, and impairment are associated with the 3 DSM‐5‐defined AUD severity levels: mild, moderate, and severe. This study examined clinical and functional characteristics as predictors (validators) of these severity levels.MethodsParticipants aged ≥18 years reporting current problem substance use (N = 588) were recruited between 2016 and 2019 and assessed for DSM‐5 AUD and a set of potential validators: indicators of alcohol use severity (i.e., craving, binge drinking frequency, problematic use, and harmful drinking), psychiatric disorders, and functional impairment. Multinomial logistic regression models examined the association between the predictors and the 3 AUD severity levels (mild, moderate, and severe) vs the reference group, no AUD, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and other substance use.ResultsAll alcohol use validators were associated with a greater likelihood of all 3 AUD severity levels compared with the no‐AUD group. However, psychiatric disorders were associated only with severe AUD and participants with major depression (aOR = 2.44), posttraumatic stress disorder (aOR = 1.65), borderline personality disorder (aOR = 1.99), and antisocial personality disorder (aOR = 1.78) had a greater likelihood of severe AUD than the no‐AUD group. Functioning validators were also associated only with severe AUD and participants with social (aOR = 1.87), physical (aOR = 1.62), or mental (aOR = 1.84) impairment had a greater likelihood of severe AUD than the no‐AUD group. Many alcohol‐related, psychiatric, and functioning validators were associated with greater odds of severe AUD than mild or moderate AUD.ConclusionThis study supports the criterion validity of the DSM‐5 tri‐categorical measure of AUD. Specifically, results fully supported the validity of severe AUD by its associations with all predictors, whereas the validity of mild and moderate AUD was supported only by alcohol use predictor variables. Findings suggest the value of using severity‐specific interventions utilizing the DSM‐5 AUD.
Clinical presentation and assessment of older patients presenting with headache to emergency departments: A multicentre observational study
Authors: Beck Sierra , Kinnear Frances B. , Maree Kelly Anne , Chu Kevin H , Sen Kuan Win , Keijzers Gerben , Body Richard , Karamercan Mehmet A. , Klim Sharon , Wijeratne Tissa , Kamona Sinan , Graham Colin A , Roberts Tom , Horner Daniel , Laribi Said ,   HEAD Study Group
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the characteristics, assessment and management of older emergency department (ED) patients with non‐traumatic headache.MethodsPlanned sub‐study of a prospective, multicentre, international, observational study, which included adult patients presenting to ED with non‐traumatic headache. Patients aged ≥75 years were compared to those aged <75 years. Outcomes of interest were epidemiology, investigations, serious headache diagnosis and outcome.ResultsA total of 298 patients (7%) in the parent study were aged ≥75 years. Older patients were less likely to report severe headache pain or subjective fever (bothP < 0.001). On examination, older patients were more likely to be confused, have lower Glasgow Coma Scores and to have new neurological deficits (allP < 0.001). Serious secondary headache disorder (composite of headache due to subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), intracranial haemorrhage, meningitis, encephalitis, cerebral abscess, neoplasm, hydrocephalus, vascular dissection, stroke, hypertensive crisis, temporal arteritis, idiopathic intracranial hypertension or ventriculoperitoneal shunt complications) was diagnosed in 18% of older patients compared to 6% of younger patients (P < 0.001). Computed tomography brain imaging was performed in 66% of patients ≥75 years compared to 35% of younger patients (P < 0.001). Older patients were less likely to be discharged (43% vs 63%,P < 0.001).ConclusionsOlder patients with headache had different clinical features to the younger cohort and were more likely to have a serious secondary cause of headache than younger adults. There should be a low threshold for investigation in older patients attending ED with non‐traumatic headache.
Interactive Justice in Transitional Justice: A Dynamic Framework
Authors: Ceva Emanuela , Murphy Colleen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article develops a new dynamic framework for the normative evaluation of processes of transitional justice capable of integrating instrumental and noninstrumental justice‐based assessments grounded on concerns of “interactive justice.” Interactive justice is realized in or through institutional processes that treat people in ways appropriate to their status as institutional role occupants. Analyzing interactive justice in transitional justice is particularly important to pinpoint the distinct concerns of justice that might arise when employing a relational understanding of transitional justice. Our dynamic framework clarifies the distinct normative standards to meet when evaluating processes of transitional justice in virtue of the qualities of the relationship dynamics they themselves cause or constitute.
Epidemiology of acute pancreatitis in Australia from 2007–2019
Authors: Raftopulos Nikki L. , Torpy David J. , Louise Rushworth R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundsThere is a paucity of information on the epidemiology of acute pancreatitis (AP) in Australia.MethodsData on hospital admissions for a principal diagnosis of AP were obtained from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare; population data were extracted from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Age‐adjusted, and age and sex‐specific rates for all subtypes of AP were compared.ResultsThere were 208  390 admissions for a principal diagnosis of AP in Australia between 2006/07 and 2018/19, corresponding to an average admission rate of 46.03/105/year. Over the study, there was a 38.7% increase in the age‐adjusted rate of AP admissions [37.56 to 52.09/105 /year (P < 0.00001)], corresponding to an average increase of 3.0%/year. Unspecified AP comprised approximately 50% of admissions in each year. An increase in admission rates was observed for all categories of AP. Biliary AP admission rates increased from 8.28 to 13.90 /105 /year (P < 0.00001), increasing in both sexes and all age groups. Alcohol associated AP admissions increased from 8.23 to 9.98/105/year (P < 0.00001), a phenomenon which was seen in older people and in females particularly, but there was a reduction alcohol related AP admission rates in the 20–29‐year age group.ConclusionAP admission rates increased significantly over the period 2006/07 to 2018/19 in both male and female populations, in most subtypes of AP, particularly ‘unspecified AP’, and among all age groups.
Flexible fetoscope in the treatment of twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome
Authors: Sun Jie , Sun Luming , Zhong Liang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundTwin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) could be treated with fetoscopic laser photocoagulation. For patients with placenta located on the anterior wall of uterus, surgical procedures are difficult. To solve this problem, a flexible fetoscope was designed in our department.MethodsThe flexible fetoscope was made up of polyurethane, fiberglass and stainless steel coils. The specular body was soft and could bend encountering obstacles, which reduced the possibility of injury to the fetus and placenta. The distal tip of the body could curve from −180° to +270° with the control of the handweel. Three pregnant women of TTTS with anterior placenta was operated with this instrument.ResultAll pregnant women were treated smoothly and gave live twins birth at term. Through angiography, it was demonstrated that the vascular connections on the surface had been coagulated.ConclusionThe flexible fetoscope was a novel instrument in treating TTTS, especially for the anterior placenta.
Interim monitoring in sequential multiple assignment randomized trials
Authors: Wu Liwen , Wang Junyao , Wahed Abdus S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) facilitates the comparison of multiple adaptive treatment strategies (ATSs) simultaneously. Previous studies have established a framework to test the homogeneity of multiple ATSs by a global Wald test through inverse probability weighting. SMARTs are generally lengthier than classical clinical trials due to the sequential nature of treatment randomization in multiple stages. Thus, it would be beneficial to add interim analyses allowing for an early stop if overwhelming efficacy is observed. We introduce group sequential methods to SMARTs to facilitate interim monitoring based on the multivariate chi‐square distribution. Simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed interim monitoring in SMART (IM‐SMART) maintains the desired type I error and power with reduced expected sample size compared to the classical SMART. Finally, we illustrate our method by reanalyzing a SMART assessing the effects of cognitive behavioral and physical therapies in patients with knee osteoarthritis and comorbid subsyndromal depressive symptoms.
Comparative institutional disadvantage: Small firms and vocational training in the British manufacturing sector in comparative perspective
Authors: Benassi Chiara , Durazzi Niccolo , Fortwengel Johann 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article asks why British manufacturing small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) struggle to meet their intermediate technical skills needs. While the comparative political economy literature typically attributes the failure to train in Britain to collective action problems, we complement this perspective by pointing at the ill‐conceived policy design of the quasi‐market for vocational education and training. In particular, we shed light on the role of training providers, as they respond to the incentive structure of the quasi‐market, especially the output‐based nature of standards and the system of funding distribution. To strengthen our argument, we compare the British case with the Italian statist system, which enables SMEs to access technical skills through school‐based vocational education, and with the German collective system, in which SMEs develop skills through apprenticeships.
A single‐arm clinical trial investigating the feasibility of the zygomatic implant quad approach for Cawood and Howell Class 4 edentulous maxilla: An option for immediate loading
Authors: Wang Feng , Tao Baoxin , Shen Yihan , Li Chaolun , Huang Wei , Sun Yuanyuan , Wu Yiqun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe traditional way to treat maxillary edentulous Cawood and Howell Class 4 (CH4) patients who exhibit the knife‐edge ridge form of edentulous jaws that are adequate in height and inadequate in width is extensive autologous bone grafting for conventional implant placement.PurposeTo evaluate the feasibility of the zygomatic implant (ZI) quad approach in edentulous CH4 patients who presented a knife‐edge ridge form in the anterior maxilla for immediate loading.Material and methodsEligible patients with maxillary CH4 edentulism treated with the ZI quad approach were enrolled. Bone reduction and implant placement were performed under the guidance of a navigation system according to preoperative planning. The outcome variable was the implant survival rate, and additional variables were the ratio of immediate loading, complications and the relationship of the zygomatic implant path to the sinus wall. Statistical analysis was performed with the SAS statistical package.ResultsFifteen patients (3 men, 12 women; age range, 19–71 years; average age 47.2 years) eligible for the study received the ZI quad approach from January 2017 through January 2020. All ZIs achieved osseointegration, with no implant loss after early healing and a mean follow‐up of 17.2 ± 6.2 months. Thirteen of 15 patients (86.7%) received immediate loading. No critical anatomic structure injuries occurred during surgery. Most mesially placed implants (23/30, 76.6%) presented ZAGA 2 and 3, and most distally placed implants were distributed in ZAGA 0 (20/30, 66.7%).DiscussionIn terms of realizing immediate loading in CH4 patients with a knife‐edge ridge form in the anterior maxilla, quad approaches have advantages over other grafting methods. At the same time, it seems the survival rate of zygomatic implants is comparable with that of other indications. With the limitations of this study, the quad approach might be a feasible option to realize edentulous maxillary reconstruction and to make immediate loading possible.