bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valence Band Structure Engineering in Graphene Derivatives
Authors: Shnitov Vladimir V. , Rabchinskii Maxim K. , Brzhezinskaya Maria , Stolyarova Dina Yu. , Pavlov Sergey V. , Baidakova Marina V. , Shvidchenko Aleksandr V. , Kislenko Vitaliy A. , Kislenko Sergey A. , Brunkov Pavel N. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEngineering of the 2D materials’ electronic structure is at the forefront of nanomaterials research nowadays, giving an advance in the development of next‐generation photonic devices, e‐sensing technologies, and smart materials. Herein, employing core‐level spectroscopy methods combined with density functional theory (DFT) modeling, the modification of the graphenes’ valence band (VB) upon its derivatization by carboxyls and ketones is revealed. The appearance of a set of localized states in the VB of graphene related to molecular orbitals of the introduced functionalities is signified both experimentally and theoretically. Applying the DFT calculations of the density of states projected on the functional groups, their contributions to the VB structure are decomposed. An empirical approach, allowing one to analyze and predict the impact of a certain functional group on the graphenes’ electronic structure in terms of examination of the model molecules, mimicking the introduced functionality, is proposed and validated. The interpretation of the arising states origin is made and their designation, pointing out their symmetry type, is proposed. Taken together, these results guide the band structure engineering of graphene derivatives and give a hint on the mechanisms underlying the alteration of the VB structure of 2D materials upon their derivatization.
High‐Loading, Well‐Dispersed Phosphorus Confined on Nanoporous Carbon Surfaces with Enhanced Catalytic Activity and Cyclic Stability
Authors: Meng Juan , Liu Yongzhuang , Xia Qinqin , Liu Shi , Tong Zhihan , Chen Wenshuai , Liu Shouxin , Li Jian , Dou Shuo , Yu Haipeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPhosphorus‐doped carbon materials are promising alternatives to noble metal‐based catalysts for the highly selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde, but it is challenging to achieve high loadings of high‐activity P dopants in metal‐free catalysts. Here, the preparation of high‐loading and well‐dispersed P atoms confined to the surfaces of cellulose‐derived carbon via a dissolving‐doping strategy is reported. In this method, cellulose is dissolved in phosphoric acid to generate a cellulose‐phosphoric supramolecular collosol, which is then directly carbonized. The as‐prepared carbon possesses a high specific surface area of 1491 cm3 g−1 and a high P content of 8.8 wt%. The P‐doped nanoporous carbon shows a superior catalytic activity and cyclic stability toward benzyl alcohol oxidation, with a high turnover frequency of 3.5 × 10−3 mol g−1 h−1 and a low activation energy of 35.6 kJ mol−1. Experimental results and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the graphitic C3PO species is the leading catalytic active center in this material. This study provides a novel strategy to prepare P dopants in nanoporous carbon materials with excellent catalytic performance.
Clinical approach to colic and collapse in an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) withSalmonellasaintpaul septicaemia and subsequent ileus
Authors: Molenaar Fieke M. , Silvestre Pasqualino 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn adult female Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) presented with clinical signs of colic unresponsive to analgesia, which progressed to hypothermia and collapse within 48 hours. Repeated sedations using butorphanol and detomidine were performed for initial diagnostic sampling, first aid and subsequent treatment. Initial haematology showed evidence of septicaemia and disseminated intravascular coagulation; urine analysis was consistent with metabolic acidosis. The initial treatment focused on rectal administration of enrofloxacin, metronidazole and fluids. By Day 7, the immune system was recovering as demonstrated by blood parameters but ileus had developed. Sedation interventions were discontinued and treatment consisted of oral ranitidine, fibre provision and rehydration.Salmonellasaintpaul was cultured from the faeces and a disease risk analysis identified a possible infection route through food contamination. Serial haematology provided direction in clinical decision making throughout this challenging case.
Trained immunity in the mucosal diseases
Authors: Yu Dou , Zhang Jiaqi , Wang Shuo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractImmune memory is well known as a signature of the adaptive immune system. Recently, enhanced responses to subsequent triggers are also observed in innate immune system, termed trained immunity (TI). Awakening of innate immune memory is required for host defense, such as anti‐pathogen and anti‐tumor responses. However, hyper‐reactivation of trained innate immune cells also gives rise to undesirable inflammation. Mucosa immune system serves as the first defense line against pathogens. Trained immunity of mucosal immune system is tightly associated with the outcomes of mucosal diseases. In this review, we discuss the role of trained immunity in mucosal‐associated diseases and the underlying mechanisms. We summarize the metabolic and epigenetic changes of trained immune cells and highlight their potential in clinical treatment.This article is categorized under:
Infectious Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology
Luminescent Pd(II) Complexes with Tridentate − Aryl‐pyridine‐(benzo)thiazole Ligands
Authors: von der Stück René , Krause Maren , Brünink Dana , Buss Stefan , Doltsinis Nikos L. , Strassert Cristian A. , Klein Axel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCyclometalated Pd(II) complexes generally show inferior luminescence properties compared with their Pt(II) analogues. The established approach employing tridentate
cyclometalating ligands has allowed us to create a series of square planar Pd(II) complexes [Pd(
)X] from their protoligands H
(2‐(6‐phenylpyridin‐2‐yl)thiazoles and ‐benzothiazoles; coligands X=Cl, Br, I) with extensive variations at the Carene group (phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl), the central Npyridine (pyridine, 4‐phenylpyridine, 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐phenylpyridine), and the peripheral Nthiazole (thiazole, benzothiazole) to probe for structural factors that might enhance efficient luminescence. Long‐wavelength bands at 400–500 nm were assigned to transitions into mixed ligand‐centred/metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) states based on time‐dependent (TD)DFT calculations. The MLCT contributions are rather low, in agreement with relatively long lifetimes and high photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 0.79 recorded in frozen glassy solvent matrices at 77 K along with emission bands showing pronounced vibrational progressions and peaking at about 520 nm. No photoluminescence was observed at 298 K in solution. Variation of the
ligand allowed to shift the experimental absorption energies from about 2.4 to 2.7 eV, in good agreement with the electrochemical band gaps (2.58 to 2.81 eV). The theoretical absorption and emission spectra excellently reproduced the experimental trends.
The Functioning of State Power Structures and Cybersecurity
Authors: Toumi Marzena 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe national security of Poland in the twenty-first century is strongly influenced by the processes taking place in the contemporary global security environment. These changes are characterised by high dynamics and complexity as well as the occurrence of asymmetric threats, among which the most dangerous are threats in cyberspace. The functioning of the state and the implementation of its constitutional obligations are increasingly dependent on the development of modern technologies, the information society and the smooth functioning of cyberspace, which is largely dependent on the security of the ICT infrastructure, which allows the use of cyberspace, information resources and services accumulated therein. Rapid progress in the field of digital technologies necessitates the effective use of the latest technologies while creating an opportunity for the Polish state to leave the role of only a user and join the group of countries with an effectively functioning digital economy, providing solutions and co-creating international standards. To meet these expectations, the President of the Republic of Poland signed the Act on the National Cybersecurity System on 1 August 2018, implementing Directive 2016/1148 (NIS Directive).
Space Security and Cybersecurity in Poland
Authors: Polkowska Małgorzata 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article refers to the definitions of: “space security” and “cybersecurity”. Both terms are strictly connected to the national defense and can be part of international law and national law of security. It seems that those two aspects of security are well regulated in Europe and Poland. Making such a regulation on international level is still a challenge. Poland is more active in space and legislation since the Polish Space Agency was created. The Security in Space began the very important factor for the national defense. Polish entrepreneurs involved in space business should be aware of this while undertaking space activities. Space has reached an easy access and became the target for intruders. That is why the regulators of cybersecurity and space security should be aware of this new threat and cooperate together in case to make the law practicable and effective.
The Main Tasks of the Network of Computer Security Incident Response Teams in the Light of the Act on the National Cybersecurity System in Poland
Authors: Nowikowska Monika 
Published: October 2021

AbstractComputer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs) are specialised entities established to handle network and information system security incidents and cooperate with similar entities around the world, both in terms of operational, as well as research and implementation activities. The main tasks of CSIRTs include: recognition, prevention, recording and handling of events that breach network security, active response in the event of direct threats, cooperation with other CSIRT teams, and, finally, participation in national and international projects related to information security and research activities on the scope of methods for detecting security incidents. The article analyses the detailed tasks established on the basis of the Act of 5 July 2018 on the National Cybersecurity System of three CSIRTs operating in Poland: CSIRT MON, CSIRT NASK and CSIRT GOV.
The Duties and Legal Status of the Government Plenipotentiary for Cybersecurity and the College for Cybersecurity
Authors: Brzostek Agnieszka 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe imposition of the NIS Directive results in the adoption of the NCSA. A special role in this system is played by the Government Plenipotentiary for Cybersecurity, whose primary task is to coordinate activities and implement the government’s policy in the field of cybersecurity.The Plenipotentiary supervises the risk management process of the national cybersecurity system using aggregated data and indicators developed with the participation of competent authorities for cybersecurity matters, CSIRT MON, CSIRT NASK and CSIRT GOV. The Plenipotentiary’s tasks in this area also include providing opinions on government documents, including draft legal acts that affect the implementation of cybersecurity tasks.The Government Plenipotentiary is also one of the members of the College at the Council of Ministers, which acts as an advisory and consultative body on cybersecurity.The NCSA also indicates the scope of cooperation of the Government Plenipotentiary with the competent authorities for cybersecurity, which concerns cooperation in matters related to cybersecurity with other countries, organisations and international institutions.
Cyberspace and Cybersecurity
Authors: Zdzikot Tomasz 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to discuss two basic concepts—cyberspace and cybersecurity. The author describes the genesis of both and attempts to define them. In the introduction, the author briefly addresses the issue of the progress of information technology in recent decades and the impact of this factor on security. Then, he indicates the source of the term “cyberspace” and presents the definitions in American documents, doctrine and Polish law. Defining the concept of “cybersecurity”, the author starts from the definition of the term “security”. Then he presents selected definitions of this term. He also emphasizes that cybersecurity should be viewed broadly and that a definition should be made taking into account both the attacks by hackers or foreign forces and the “plain” failures.
Cybercrime and Cyberterrorism in Polish Law
Authors: Radoniewicz Filip 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe aim of the paper is to analyze the provisions criminalizing the phenomenon of “computer crimes” (“cybercrimes”) in the strict sense, i.e. acts in which a computer or network is the target of a crime (“a victim”). The paper consists of two parts—the main part in which analysis of articles 267-269c of the Penal Code of 1997 (Chapter XXXIII, entitled “Offenses against the protection of information”)—in which the Polish legislator defined these offenses—is carried out. The second part refers to the “cyberterrorist offense” which is an “ordinary” computer crime carried out with a “terrorist purpose”.
Cybersecurity in the European Union Law
Authors: Radoniewicz Filip 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe first legal acts adopted within the framework of the European Communities were adopted in the early nineties. However, they were not binding. They contained calls for appropriate actions, identification of some solutions, proposals for draft legal acts, strategies and action plans to improve network security.This chapter, however, highlights the most important binding acts: the first binding EU legal instrument to combat computer crime: Council Framework Decision 2005/222/JHA of the 24th of February 2005 on attacks against information systems, Directive 2013/40/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of the 12th of August 2013 on attacks against information systems and replacing Council Framework Decision 2005/222/JHA and Directive (EU) 2016/1148 of the European Parliament and of the Council of the 6th of July 2016 concerning measures for a high common level of security of network and information systems across the Union.
Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs), Competition Law and Excessive Pricing of Medicines
Authors: Bakhoum Mor 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis chapter wrestles with the interface between Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs), competition law and access to medicines. It emphasizes the important role that competition law may play, in addition to the internal IP flexibilities, in order to foster access and dissemination of medical products. Of course, competition law could also be considered as a flexibility within the TRIPS agreement. In our analysis, we consider competition law separately given its role in creating competitive markets within which IP products are commercialized. Relying on the recent case law in the EU, in Italy and in South Africa on the application of competition law in the pharmaceutical sector, with a focus on the prohibition of excessive pricing of pharmaceuticals, this paper argues that TRIPS flexibilities are an important regulatory tool to control prices and to foster access to medicines. However, in certain circumstances, IP flexibilities are operational only within a competitive market that is guaranteed by a functioning competition law.
Partizipative Hochschulentwicklung für den digitalen Wandel – Leitlinien des studierendenzentrierten Change Management
Authors: Denker Frederic , Röwert Ronny , Böckel Alexa 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungIm Zuge des digitalen Wandels an Hochschulen werden Lehr- und Lernmöglichkeiten vielerorts neu gestaltet. Um Entscheidungen im Sinne der zentralen Zielgruppe akademischer Bildungsprozesse, nämlich der Lernenden, zu treffen, sind neue Formen der Partizipation von Studierenden in der Hochschulentwicklung sinnvoll. In den Jahren 2018 und 2019 wurden Mitglieder der studentischen Arbeitsgruppe DigitalChangeMaker von Lehrenden, Leitungen sowie Service- und Supporteinrichtungen an Hochschulen regelmäßig gefragt, wie die Meinungen von Studierenden nicht nur besser erhoben, sondern auch aktiv in die Gestaltung des digitalen Wandels eingebunden werden können. Dabei stellen sich insbesondere die Fragen, welche Studierenden in welcher Form aktiviert und eingebunden, wie sie für Partizipationsanliegen befähigt werden können, welche Formate sich für welche Zwecke der Partizipation anbieten und welche digitalen Lösungen dabei helfen können. Aus den Erfahrungen der Arbeitsgruppe DigitalChangeMaker werden die zentralen Aspekte zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen in Form eines leitliniengestützten Phasenmodells der Studierendenbeteiligung herausgearbeitet und in Handlungsempfehlungen übersetzt, die zukünftigen Studierendengenerationen sowie Hochschulverantwortlichen Orientierung bei einer partizipativen Hochschulentwicklung bieten können.
Manipulationssichere und per Knopfdruck verifizierbare Digital Credentials: Die Blockchain als Initiator internationaler Kooperationsprojekte
Authors: Bertini Anastasia , Pentenrieder Annelie , Rebentisch Jan , Schaat Samer , Rentzsch Robert 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDigital Credentials sind digitale Nachweise, die in verschiedenen Kontexten erbrachte Lernleistungen und Qualifikationen erfassen. Die automatische Verifizierbarkeit solcher Nachweise bildet die Grundlage für ihren sicheren und effizienten Austausch. Dafür setzen derzeit verschiedene nationale und internationale Projekte auf die Blockchain-Technologie. In diesem Beitrag werden vier internationale Hochschulkooperationen mit deutscher Beteiligung betrachtet: Credentify, DigiCerts, das Digital Credentials Consortium und EduCTX. Auf der Grundlage umfassender Recherchen und qualitativer Interviews werden die Projekte einerseits beschrieben, wobei auch grundlegende technische Konzepte erläutert werden. Andererseits werden die von den Projekten geteilten Herausforderungen sowie die Erwartungen, die von den verschiedenen Seiten an die Entwicklung von Digital-Credentials-Systemen gestellt werden, diskutiert.
Curriculumentwicklung im Zeitalter der Digitalisierung: Rahmenbedingungen, Herausforderungen, Formate und Inhalte
Authors: Seidl Tobias , Michel Antje 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDer mit der Digitalisierung verbundene gesellschaftliche Transformationsprozess wirkt sich auch auf die Gestaltung von Studiengängen aus. Basierend auf Erkenntnissen der Ad-Hoc-AG „Curriculum 4.0“ des Hochschulforums Digitalisierung sowie ihrer Curriculumentwicklungsprojekte im Rahmen der Förderlinie „Curriculum 4.0“ des Stifterverbands für die Deutsche Wissenschaft diskutieren die Autorin und der Autor dieses Beitrags drei Herausforderungen für die Weiterentwicklung von Curricula: den Stellenwert der Digitalisierung als kompetenzorientierter Lerninhalt (2), die Flexibilisierung von Curricula innerhalb von Akkreditierungszyklen zur Integration von digitalkompetenzorientierten Lernzielen und Lehr-Lern-Formen (3) sowie die digitale Kompetenzentwicklung der Lehrenden (4). Der Beitrag bietet einen fachlichen Überblick sowie Reflexionsimpulse für die praktische (Weiter-)Entwicklung von Studiengängen.
Hochschulbildung und Digitalisierung – Entwicklungslinien und Trends für die 2020er-Jahre
Authors: Deimann Markus 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag geht von der grundlegenden These aus, dass ein Blick in die Zukunft, ohne die Lehren der Vergangenheit zu berücksichtigen, ins Leere läuft. Dies trifft auch auf den hier verhandelten Gegenstand zu. So haben sich in einem Diskurs, der bis in die 1990er-Jahre zurückreicht, charakteristische Argumentationsmuster der Auseinandersetzung mit technologieunterstützter Hochschulbildung herausgebildet, die beständig aktualisiert werden. Auf diese geht der Beitrag ein, um damit eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit dem Phänomen der Digitalisierung als ein Fortschrittsnarrativ vorzubereiten. Zum Abschluss wird vor dem Hintergrund der COVID-19-Pandemie eine andere Lesart von Digitalisierung, die enger an den Bedürfnissen der Hochschullehre ansetzt, eingeführt.
Online-Planspiele als Wegbereiter für internationale und digitale Hochschullehre
Authors: Ivens Sven , Kaiser Konstantin 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag untersucht, wie die innovative Methode des Online-Planspiels die Hochschullehre in Deutschland digitaler, kooperativer und internationaler gestalten kann. Ein solches Online-Planspiel hat Studierende der Politikwissenschaft an den Universitäten Antwerpen, Göttingen und Krakau im Wintersemester 2019/2020 auf einer Weboberfläche digital verhandeln und interagieren lassen. Die Erfahrungen, die die Studierenden während des Online-Planspiels gemacht haben, bilden die Grundlage dieser Untersuchung. Dabei wurde folgenden Fragen nachgegangen, um die Ergebnisse in den größeren Kontext der Hochschullehre einzuordnen: Wie bewerten die Studierenden das Online-Planspiel? Wie haben sie das digitale und internationale Arbeitsumfeld wahrgenommen? Welche Fähigkeiten fördert die Teilnahme an einem Online-Planspiel? Beantwortet wurden diese Fragen einerseits in Selbstreflexionen, andererseits in standardisierten Interviews, deren Inhalte mit einer evaluativen qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse analysiert wurden. Das Online-Planspiel wird sehr positiv bewertet, fast alle Teilnehmenden berichten von einem Lerneffekt. Es werden wichtige Lektionen für Online-Planspiele generell hinsichtlich des Workloads, des Durchführungszeitpunkts, des Umgangs mit Drop-outs und der digitalen Kommunikation aufgezeigt und Überlegungen angestellt, wie diese neuartige Lehrmethode dahin gehend zukünftig verbessert werden kann.
„Methode: Klebezettel“?! Design Thinking und die digitale Transformation der Hochschulen. Ein Beitrag zur Behebung des doppelten Technologiedefizits der Hochschuldidaktik
Authors: Schmidt Hans Jörg 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag gibt einen konzeptorientierten Überblick zum Einsatz von Design Thinking (DT) an Hochschulen und verortet die Methode auf Grundlage einschlägiger Literatur im hochschuldidaktischen und DT-spezifischen Forschungsdiskurs. Außerdem werden Einsatzfelder, Bezüge zu verwandten Methoden, Stärken, Herausforderungen und Forschungsfragen herausgearbeitet und auf wesentliche Erfordernisse eines adäquaten Umgangs mit der digitalen Transformation in der Hochschuldidaktik (als wissenschaftliche Disziplin, Praxis sowie Beratung und Weiterbildung) bezogen. DT wird dabei als Prozesspromotor interpretiert, der die mit einem doppelten Technologiedefizit konfrontierte Hochschuldidaktik auf dem Weg zur digitalen Hochschulbildung voranbringen kann. Denn die langjährig erprobte Problemlösungsmethode DT fördert grundlegende Kompetenzen, wie Teamfähigkeit und interdisziplinäres Zusammenarbeiten, die angesichts der digitalen Transformation stark an Bedeutung gewinnen.
Wie kann digitale Bildung dazu beitragen, Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung in der Hochschullehre zu verankern?
Authors: Kohler Florian , Siegmund Alexander 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDigitalisierung und nachhaltige Entwicklung sind zentrale gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen der heutigen Zeit. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, wie diese Querschnittsthemen in Form von digitaler Hochschulbildung, insbesondere E-Learning, die Vermittlung und Etablierung von Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung (BNE) in der Bildungslandschaft fördern können. Das Ziel von BNE ist es, Lernende zu befähigen, die Auswirkungen des eigenen Handelns auf die Welt zu verstehen und verantwortungsvolle, zukunftsgerichtete Entscheidungen treffen zu können. In diesem Beitrag wird diskutiert, wie die verschiedenen Prinzipien von erfolgreichem E-Learning sowie Elementen der Gamifizierung zur Vermittlung von BNE beitragen und welche Formate zur Überprüfung des Lernerfolgs genutzt werden können.