bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dexamethasone suppresses immune evasion by inducing GR/STAT3 mediated downregulation of PD-L1 and IDO1 pathways
Authors: Xiang Zhen , Zhou Zhijun , Song Shuzheng , Li Jun , Ji Jun , Yan Ranlin , Wang Jiexuan , Cai Wei , Hu Wenjun , Zang Lu , Zhu Zhenggang , Zhang Zhen , Li Min , Yu Yingyan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractT cell exhaustion plays critical roles in tumor immune evasion. Novel strategies to suppress immune evasion are in urgent need. We aimed to identify potential compounds to target T cell exhaustion and increase response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between tumors with different immune evasion potential by comparing the transcriptome data. DEGs were then analyzed in the Connectivity Map (CMap) platform to identify potential compounds to increase response to ICIs. Gene set enrichment analysis, LDH release assay, Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and Co-IP were performed to explore the potential mechanisms in vitro. Patients derived organoids and humanized xenograft mouse model were utilized to validate the finding ex vivo and in vivo. We identified 25 potential compounds that may play critical roles in regulating tumor immune evasion. We further pinpointed a specific compound, dexamethasone, which shows potent anti-tumor effect in multiple cancer cell lines when cocultured with T cells. Dexamethasone can suppress T cell exhaustion by decreasing the activity of two immune checkpoints simultaneously, including PD-L1 and IDO1. Functional study shows dexamethasone can increase the sensitivity of ICIs in coculture system, 3D organoid model and humanized mouse model. Mechanism study shows dexamethasone mediated transcriptional suppression of PD-L1 and IDO1 depends on the nuclear translocation of GR/STAT3 complex. These findings demonstrate dexamethasone can suppress immune evasion by inducing GR/STAT3 mediated downregulation of PD-L1 and IDO1 pathways.
Bottom-up formation of gold truncated pyramids smaller than 10 nm on SrTiO3 nanocubes: an application for plasmonic water oxidation
Authors: Kurokawa Kota , Fujishima Musashi , Naya Shin-ichi , Tada Hiroaki 
Published: June 2021

Heteroepitaxial junction gives rise to Au truncated pyramids < 10 nm on SrTiO3 nanocubes in a simple deposition–precipitation process, and the hybrids exhibit high plasmonic activity for oxygen evolution reaction at wavelength ≤ 1200 nm.
A distributed modelling method of the transmission tower and transient response analysis of lightning wave process
Authors: Huang Lin , Zhou Lijun , Wu Tongshuai , Hu Chen , Zhang Dong , Wang Dongyang , Chen Sixiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLightning transient response analysis is the key to determining the lightning resistance level of transmission lines and the performance of lightning protection measures. This paper proposes a distributed modelling method for a typical 110 kV transmission tower and further analyses the lightning transient response. The refined modelling of the nominal height part of the tower is carried out. Then the influence of the refined modelling on the refraction and reflection process of the lightning wave propagation is investigated. Based on the distributed tower model, the impact of the foot distance and the equivalent radius of the main body cylinder on the top overvoltage is studied. Field experiments indicate that the proposed distributed tower model can effectively reflect the transient lightning wave process. Moreover, it can provide technical support for the lightning resistance level of transmission lines and the lightning protection of narrow base towers.
A fast LVDC vacuum hybrid circuit breaker: Dielectric recovery and design consideration
Authors: Liu Siqi , Hu Pengfei , Jiang Daozhuo , Liang Yiqiao , Zhuang Jinwu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAiming at the fast protection requirements of electrical ships LVDC distribution system, this paper studies a topology of unidirectional vacuum hybrid circuit breaker. The hybrid circuit breaker is an improved current injection LVDC breaker based on precharged capacitor, which improves the dielectric recovery capability of vacuum interrupter after artificial current zero by using a freewheel diode. A synthetic test platform is built to study the dielectric strength recovery characteristics of a 45 mm diameter CuCr50 butt contact vacuum interrupter (driven by Thomson coil actuator, average opening speed of about 3 m/s)under high current(about 20 kA) and small gap(about 1 mm). The experimental results indicate that the dielectric strength of the contact can recover at a very fast speed within the arc time of 100 µs; when the arc time is increased to 320 µs, the dielectric strength of the contact cannot recover for a long time. Therefore, the design principle of the circuit breaker is obtained: within the arc time of 100 µs, by increasing the arc time can increase the contact distance, so the transient interruption voltage tolerance margin of the circuit breaker can be improved. Based on the results of the test, this paper also proposes a calculation method of forced commutation circuit parameters, which is verified by the simulation. The research results show that the DC circuit breaker can realise the rapid breaking of 20 kA fault current within 2 ms, and has a good application prospect in the LVDC distribution system.
Precision enhancement of the traditional sub‐synchronous analysis by using frequency components of instantaneous magnetic flux
Authors: Yaghobi Hamid 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSub‐synchronous resonance (SSR) is a great danger to the stable and safe operation of the synchronous generator and power network. Detecting this condition in a fast and precise method is very important for power engineers. During the last decade, many methods have been proposed for SSR detection. The most famous of these methods use shaft speed analysis. On the other hand, it is noteworthy that SSR is a phenomenon that needs the use of both mechanical and electrical quantities for its analysis. Therefore, if both kinds of the signal are used, the protection system reliability can be enhanced significantly and its trip is more efficient and consistent. Subsequently, to enhance the precision and sensitivity of the SSR detection, this paper proposes the use of frequency analysis of the magnetic flux linkage of the generator as an electrical signal along with the shaft speed as a mechanical signal. The magnetic flux is a local index that is available at the relay location and does not require a communication channel to transmit. This index contains a lot of useful information about the performance of the machine. However, the main disadvantage of this index is its accessibility, which requires invasive sensors.
Energy‐efficient train operation with steep track and speed limits: A novel Pontryagin's maximum principle‐based approach for adjoint variable discontinuity cases
Authors: Ying Peiran , Zeng Xiaoqing , Song Haifeng , Shen Tuo , Yuan Tengfei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, an energy‐efficient speed trajectory planner is proposed for high‐speed trains traveling on tracks with steep gradients and speed limits, especially for situations in which the speed limit has been reached, which causes adjoint variable discontinuity during calculation. New optimal switching rules at points where the speed limit is reached on steep tracks are derived by analysing the jump condition of state‐constrained Pontryagin's maximum principle. Accordingly, a novel two‐step algorithm for high‐speed trains, including an optimal‐cruise minimum‐time algorithm and search‐substitution algorithm, is designed to solve dynamic train models considering time‐energy and space‐energy conversions, respectively. Practical case studies demonstrates that the proposed method can save energy by approximately 3% and 10% in comparison to the approximate‐optimal time‐satisfied and minimum running time strategies, respectively. Moreover, the proposed method approximately consumes 0.98% and 1.62% of the computation time taken by discrete dynamic programming and reinforcement learning, respectively.
Longitudinal coupling impedance of a particle traveling in PEC rings: A regularised analysis
Authors: Assante Dario , Panariello Gaetano , Schettino Fulvio , Verolino Luigi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe analysis of a charged particle traveling through one, two, or infinite conducting rings is presented. The problem is formulated in the spectral domain as integral equations of Fredholm type, solved by Galerkin's method employing entire domain functions factorising the correct edge behaviour of the unknown induced current. As a result, high accuracy and numerical stability are achieved. Numerical results are presented, proving the effectiveness of the method, and the parameters relevant to accelerator physics are calculated.
Coupling effects in array‐fed reflector antennas with digital beamforming
Authors: Huber Sigurd , Aye Su Yee , Mouthaan Koenraad , Krieger Gerhard 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMany modern microwave systems, for example, in the field of satellite communications, remote sensing for Earth observation or radio astronomy, employ reflector antennas with beam‐shaping capabilities. A generalised description of multi‐channel receiver architectures with digital beamforming, employing scattering parameter formalism is presented here. Special emphasis has been placed on noise modelling, where noise sources have been included also at the input ports of the receive amplifiers. The performance of such a system is evaluated in terms of the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and the signal‐to‐interference ratio at the beamformer output. The basis for this analysis is a design example of a reflector antenna fed by a linear patch array, whose S‐parameters have been computed by means of electromagnetic simulations. In this work, two scenarios are addressed. In the first case, the effect of coupling has been neglected in the derivation of the beamforming weights. The main consequence appears to be a severely impaired interference suppression performance. In the second scenario, which has not been addressed in the literature so far, noise from the input ports of the receive amplifiers couple via the antenna radiators and can result in a loss of SNR at the beamformer output if neglected in the beamforming process.
Impact of Red Cell and Platelet Distribution Width in Patients of Medical Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Dubey Ayush , Kumar Sunil , Acharya Sourya , Wanjari Anil K. , Bawankule Shilpa , Agrawal Sachin , Shukla Ashlesha 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction The red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a measurement of variations in the size of red blood cells. As the width increases, the rate of mortality also increases, although the reason for it is still not known. On the other hand, platelet distribution width (PDW) is also useful in predicting morbidity and mortality in sepsis and other critically ill patients. In our study, we planned to study the impact of both RDW and PDW and evaluate their prognostic importance with outcome in patients admitted in medicine intensive care unit (MICU).
Material and Method In these cross-sectional observational studies, 1,300 patients were included who were admitted in MICU. Critically ill patients were defined on the basis of qSOFA score greater than 2. PDW and RDW were obtained from Coulter report of complete blood count. Parameters included in Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) IV scores were taken and APACHE IV score was calculated. Correlation of RDW and PDW with outcomes such as length of ICU stay, use of mechanical ventilator, and discharge/death was done.
Result The mean RDW (%) for the entire study population was 15.17 ± 3.01. The RDW (%) was significantly on the higher side in patients who succumbed to the disease as compared with the patients who were discharged. The correlation between the length of ICU stay (days) and RDW (%) was moderately positive and was significant (rho = 0.37, p ≤ 0.001). The correlation between the length of ICU stay (days) and PDW (%) was moderately positive and was significant (rho = 0.5, p ≤ 0.001).
Conclusion RDW and PDW were found as significant indicators for period of stay in ICU, requirement for mechanical ventilation, and mortality rate in patients admitted to ICUs. As these are simple, easy to conduct, universally available tests, they can be regularly incorporated in patients admitted in ICUs.
A Survival Analysis of Invasive Fungal Diseases in Children with Cancer
Authors: Marques Letícia Maria Acioli , de Araujo Orlei Ribeiro , de Sousa da Silva Adriana Maria Paixão , da Silva Dafne Cardoso Bourguignon , Carlesse Fabianne Altruda de Moraes Costa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjective This study aimed to determine the survival in a retrospective cohort of 152 patients treated for invasive fungal diseases (IFD) (133 proven and 19 probable) in 9 years.Methods Our study included patients aged 0 to 18 years diagnosed with cancer at our institution and with proven or probable IFD, treated from 2011 to 2019. Weibull distribution was used for hazard ratios and accelerated failure time models for the outcome “death attributed to IFD.”Results Our median age was 97 months. The most frequent diagnosis was leukemia (39, 25.7%). A total of 37 patients received prophylaxis with fluconazole (24.3%). Among 133 fungal isolates, the most frequent were Candida species in blood 81 (53.2%). Moreover, 43 deaths were attributed to IFD (28.3%). Survival probabilities were lower for pulmonary IFD (46.9%, p = 0.0017), leukemia (62.5%, p = 0.004), and neutropenia <500 cells/mm3 (55.4%, p < 0.0001). For Candida fungemia, survival probabilities were 76.6% (p = 0.043). In Weibull models, the diagnosis of leukemia shortened survival times by a factor of 0.006, relapse of disease by 0.05, lymphoma by 0.04, pulmonary IFD by 0.04, and neutropenia by 0.015. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation did not affect the survival times as well as prophylaxis with fluconazole.Conclusion Host factors, such as neutropenia, relapse of disease, and hematologic malignancies, are determinants in the survival times of children with IFD as well as pulmonary involvement.
Review of Development of Live Vaccines against Leishmaniasis
Authors: Feiz Haddad Mohammad Hossein , Lomei Jalal , Shokri Azar , Habibpour Habib , Rezvan Hossein , Nourian Alireza , Mahmoudi Mohammad Reza 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLeishmaniasis is a serious public health problem in both tropical and temperate regions, caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common form of leishmaniasis worldwide. After recovery from the initial infection in most of the patients, a long-lasting natural immunity will be established. In individuals with HIV infection or in immune deficient patients, the more dangerous forms can occur. Despite many attempts, there is no efficient vaccine for leishmaniasis. The main concern for live-attenuated vaccines is the possibility of returning to the virulent form. Therefore, the safety is an important point in designing a successful vaccine. Nonvirulent parasites as vaccine candidates are achievable through gamma-irradiation, long-term culture, random mutations induced by chemical agents, and temperature-sensitive mutations. The type of change(s) in such parasites is not known well and drawbacks such as reversion to virulent forms was soon realized. Leishmania tarentolae with capacity of adaptation to mammalian system has a potential to be used as nonpathogenic vector in vaccine programs. Due to its nonpathogenic intrinsic property, it does not have the ability to replace with the pathogen form. Moreover, the main problems are associated with the production of live vaccines, including lyophilization, storage, standards, and quality control that must be considered. In this review, we focused on the importance of different approaches concerning the development of a live vaccine against leishmaniasis.
Low Negative Pressure Combined With Supertumescence Microliposuction as a New Method for Repairing Facial Fat Overfilling: A Case Series of 32 Patients
Authors: Yin Bo , Zhang Xinyu , Cai Lei , Han Xuefeng , Li Facheng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Face fat overfilling sometimes occurs and is unfortunately very difficult to repair.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to report initial experience of microliposuction with low negative pressure combined with supertumescence (LNPST) in a case series of 32 patients.

Methods
The LNPST microliposuction was performed in 32 patients aged 22 to 41 years (mean [standard deviation] age, 29.6 [4.9] years) with facial overfilling. Discomfort and bleeding were monitored intraoperatively by 2 independent plastic surgeons, who used a grading system to record the results. All patients were followed-up for hematoma within 1 week postoperatively and for skin numbness and muscle paralysis at 1 week and 3 months postoperatively. In addition, at 6 months postoperatively, patient satisfaction with the postoperative aesthetic effects was analyzed by FACE-Q questionnaire.

Results
All patients successfully completed the operation under local anesthesia. The mean intraoperative discomfort and blood-loss scores were 1.69 [0.62] and 1.22 [0.41], respectively. The hematoma score was 1.13 [0.34] within 1 week. Other scores included postoperative skin numbness (1 week, 1.96 [0.62]; 3 months, 1.13 [0.33]) and postoperative muscle paralysis (1 week, 1.22 [0.51]; 3 months, 1.0 [0]). Overall, neither skin necrosis nor serious complications requiring revision surgery occurred. Seventy-two percent of the patients (n = 23) answered the FACE-Q questionnaire and the score was 21.8 (1.7), covering satisfaction with the outcome score into a standard score (81.7 [15.1], from 0 to 100), which verified the high satisfaction rate.

Conclusions
LNPST technology is a safe and effective method for repair of facial fat overfilling, with less bleeding, less nerve injury, fewer complications, and high patient satisfaction.

Level of Evidence: 4
Network-guided identification of cancer-selective combinatorial therapies in ovarian cancer
Authors: He Liye , Bulanova Daria , Oikkonen Jaana , Häkkinen Antti , Zhang Kaiyang , Zheng Shuyu , Wang Wenyu , Erkan Erdogan Pekcan , Carpén Olli , Joutsiniemi Titta , Hietanen Sakari , Hynninen Johanna , Huhtinen Kaisa , Hautaniemi Sampsa , Vähärautio Anna , Tang Jing , Wennerberg Krister , Aittokallio Tero 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEach patient’s cancer consists of multiple cell subpopulations that are inherently heterogeneous and may develop differing phenotypes such as drug sensitivity or resistance. A personalized treatment regimen should therefore target multiple oncoproteins in the cancer cell populations that are driving the treatment resistance or disease progression in a given patient to provide maximal therapeutic effect, while avoiding severe co-inhibition of non-malignant cells that would lead to toxic side effects. To address the intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity when designing combinatorial treatment regimens for cancer patients, we have implemented a machine learning-based platform to guide identification of safe and effective combinatorial treatments that selectively inhibit cancer-related dysfunctions or resistance mechanisms in individual patients. In this case study, we show how the platform enables prediction of cancer-selective drug combinations for patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer using single-cell imaging cytometry drug response assay, combined with genome-wide transcriptomic and genetic profiles. The platform makes use of drug-target interaction networks to prioritize those combinations that warrant further preclinical testing in scarce patient-derived primary cells. During the case study in ovarian cancer patients, we investigated (i) the relative performance of various ensemble learning algorithms for drug response prediction, (ii) the use of matched single-cell RNA-sequencing data to deconvolute cell population-specific transcriptome profiles from bulk RNA-seq data, (iii) and whether multi-patient or patient-specific predictive models lead to better predictive accuracy. The general platform and the comparison results are expected to become useful for future studies that use similar predictive approaches also in other cancer types.
Appreciating the Fear of Conflict and the Possibilities in Disagreement
Authors: Furlong Mark , Brophy Lisa 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The present contribution seeks to strengthen the capacity of social workers to respond to the experience of potential or actual conflict. In this project, an initial stage involved scanning the available literature. This process yielded two general findings: (i) most of the available literature is specialist in nature and (ii) the available social work literature concentrates on conflicts between workers and clients. The second stage in the exercise develops a set of linguistic distinctions, for example that disagreement can be distinguished from confrontation. Building on this set, three vignettes are examined as concrete sites in which formulations of, and responses to, conflict are developed. An outline of symmetrical and complementary processes is then introduced. This theoretical material is central at the consideration of a final, more complex vignette—an engagement that consolidates, and then extends, the themes developed earlier in the paper. A general proposition is raised: deliberately engaging with the issue of conflict offers opportunities for personal and professional growth. More specifically, it is suggested that those who tend to avoid conflict can usefully experiment with leaning into, rather than away from, disagreement whilst those who tend towards directness can usefully practice behaviours that engage with difference more obliquely.
Immunological Correlates of the HIV-1 Replication-Competent Reservoir Size
Authors: Ismail Sherazaan D , Riou Catherine , Joseph Sarah B , Archin Nancie M , Margolis David M , Perelson Alan S , Cassidy Tyler , Abrahams Melissa-Rose , Moeser Matthew , Council Olivia D , McKinnon Lyle R , Osman Farzana , Karim Quarraisha Abdool , Abdool Karim Salim S , Swanstrom Ronald , Williamson Carolyn , Garrett Nigel J , Burgers Wendy A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Understanding what shapes the latent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reservoir is critical for developing strategies for cure. We measured frequency of persistent HIV-1 infection after 5 years of suppressive antiretroviral therapy initiated during chronic infection. Pretreatment CD8+ T-cell activation, nadir CD4 count, and CD4:CD8 ratio predicted reservoir size.
To Domesticate the International: The Ideology of Foreign Relations Law
Authors: Chen Yifeng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The article responds to the global expansion of foreign relations law as a distinct field of research by critically scrutinizing ideologies and political projects underlying the foreign relations law. The nationalistic sentiment of foreign relations law studies has been consolidated through the production of the Fourth Restatement of Foreign Relations Law of the USA. The foreign relations law is developing itself into a forcible competitor to international law. This article highlights the limits of comparative foreign relations law as well as the importance to transcend functionalism and reductionism in order to critically engage with the discipline. The article emphasizes the importance of transforming the discipline along with a modest, inclusive, and critical style.