bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the abandoned shorelines of Lake George, Australia: a refined optical dating framework
Authors: Jankowski N. R. , Cohen T. J. , Larsen J. , Larsen A. , May J.‐H. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTAbandoned shorelines are an important archive used to constrain past fluctuations in the hydrological balance of lakes around the globe. Within Australia, the shorelines preserved at Lake George, NSW, form one of the few shoreline archives in the south‐east of the continent that record palaeoenvironmental conditions throughout the late Quaternary. Here, we examined and tested the lake‐level record for Lake George constructed in the 1970s by dating a well‐preserved shoreline sequence at Luckdale, on the lake's eastern shore, using single‐grain optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating. Ten stratigraphic units were identified, and these suggest a late Quaternary highstand for Lake George in MIS 3, with fluctuations superimposed upon an overall drying trend throughout MIS 2 and into the present. At Luckdale, the highest four shoreline‐associated units were deposited ~13 to 19 m above lake base and date to between 39 ± 2 and 29 ± 1 ka ago. Our study pushes back the timing of maximum lake depth at Lake George to at least MIS 3, rather than MIS 2. The overall drying trend is supported by similar reductions in both Riverine Plain fluvial activity and other associated lake‐level records from within the Murray basin.
Factors Affecting Wetland Use by Spring Migrating Ducks in the Southern Prairie Pothole Region
Authors: Ballard Derek C. , Jones Orrin E. , Janke Adam K. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTThere is increasing recognition of the importance of wetlands in the prairie pothole region (PPR) of the northern United States for stopover habitat for spring‐migrating waterfowl. The quality and quantity of stopover habitat found near breeding areas can affect speed and success of migration and subsequent breeding events. Conservation and management of wetlands in the region has traditionally focused narrowly on reproductive phases of the life cycle, and little to no research has examined how ducks use a diversity of available wetlands in the region during migration. We conducted weekly surveys on 1,061 wetlands during spring 2018 and 2019 to examine factors affecting duck use of wetlands in the intensively modified southern PPR landscape of Iowa, USA, for wetland restoration and conservation strategies. We compared wetland types, which included farmed, seasonal, and semi‐permanent wetlands, and lakes. The highest duck use per unit area occurred on semi‐permanent wetlands, followed by seasonal, and then farmed wetlands, and lakes. Ducks were highly clustered in our study, with 75% of all use‐days occurring on only 37 wetlands comprising 41% of all wetland area surveyed. We used hurdle models to examine how local and landscape factors measured within and around wetlands influenced duck use during spring migration. Multiple factors related to duck use at local and landscape scales, such as wetland area, vegetation abundance, and number of wetlands in the surrounding landscape. Among semi‐permanent wetlands, local factors within wetlands were more important than landscape factors in determining duck use. Collectively, our findings suggest semi‐permanent wetlands within the PPR play a key role in transitioning birds from wintering areas to breeding areas and that management of semi‐permanent wetlands should promote interspersion of emergent vegetation and open water and growth of submersed aquatic plants to improve their function for migrants. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Wildlife Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
Aesthesiometer‐Based Testing for Laryngopharyngeal Hyposensitivity
Authors: Strohl Madeleine P. , David Abel P. , Dwyer Christopher D. , Rosen Clark A. , Young VyVy N. , Chang Jolie L. , Cheung Steven W. 
Published: July 2021

Objectives/HypothesisTo develop a method for threshold estimation of the laryngeal adductor reflex (LAR) response using Cheung‐Bearelly monofilaments.Study DesignCross‐sectional.MethodsTwenty‐two healthy adults (12 men, 10 women) were tested for LAR response outcome using 30 mm 5–0 and 4–0 nylon monofilaments. Tactile stimuli were delivered to the aryepiglottic (AE) fold and medial pyriform sinus (MPS). Dichotomous classifier features and performance (area under the curve (AUC)), the LAR response outcome agreement and disagreement matrix, and test–retest reliability were examined. From those data, a test protocol that would minimize patient burden to estimate the LAR triggering threshold was formulated.ResultsClassifier performance of 5–0 monofilament stimulation of the AE fold (sensitivity = 0.63, specificity = 0.63, PPV = 0.74, NPV = 0.25) and MPS (sensitivity = 0.45, specificity = 0.77, PPV = 0.74, NPV = 0.23,) was slightly below that of 4–0 monofilament stimulation of the AE fold (sensitivity = 0.82, specificity = 0.50, PPV = 0.82, NPV = 0.50) and MPS (sensitivity = 0.84, specificity = 0.64, PPV = 0.90, NPV = 0.56), based on AUC. LAR response outcome agreement for 5–0 and 4–0 stimulations was high (93%) for 5–0 positive response, but low (29%) for 5–0 negative response. Aesthesiometer test–retest reliability for LAR response outcome was excellent (Cronbach's alpha = 0.97).ConclusionsThreshold estimation of the LAR response may be operationalized by adopting a decision tree protocol. For negative LAR response to initial 5–0 monofilament stimulation and positive response to subsequent 4–0 monofilament stimulation, the higher threshold is confirmed. Positive LAR response to 5–0 or 4–0 monofilament stimulation is expected in over 90% of asymptomatic adults. Negative LAR response to 4–0 monofilament stimulation identifies patients at risk for laryngopharyngeal hyposensitivity.Level of Evidence3b Laryngoscope, 132:163–168, 2022
Slide Tracheoplasty for Congenital Tracheal Stenosis Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Wu Yuhao , Wang Gang , Dai Jiangtao , Li Hongbo , Li Yonggang , Wu Chun , Wei Guanghui 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesCongenital tracheal stenosis (CTS) is a rare but life‐threatening condition in children. At present, slide tracheoplasty has been advocated as the preferred technique for most cases of CTS. However, the morbidity and mortality subsequent to slide tracheoplasty need further elaboration. Therefore, a meta‐analysis was performed on the outcomes of slide tracheoplasty in children with CTS.Study DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsElectronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library CENTRAL, were systematically searched for the period from January 1990 to March 2021 for literature that reported clinical outcomes of slide tracheoplasty for children with CTS. Meta‐regression and subgroup analyses were performed to determine the risk factors for in‐hospital mortality and airway reinterventions.ResultsA total of 25 studies involving 577 patients were included. For children with CTS, in‐hospital and overall mortality after slide tracheoplasty was 6.1% (95% CI = 4.2%–8.0%) and 9.7% (95% CI = 7.3%–12.1%), respectively. The incidence of airway reinterventions was 23.0% (95% CI = 15.6%–30.5%). The length of postoperative ventilation and hospital stay was 6.8 days (95% CI = 5.1–8.4 days) and 19.2 days (95% CI = 15.8–22.7 days), respectively. Postoperative complications occurred in 46.6% (95% CI = 35.8%–57.4%) of all patients. Meta‐regression analysis showed that a higher proportion of the recently published studies reported significantly better in‐hospital survival (coefficient −0.011, P = .021).ConclusionsIn conclusion, in‐hospital mortality after slide tracheoplasty is 6.1%, and the incidence of airway reinterventions is 23.0%. In‐hospital mortality after slide tracheoplasty has decreased chronologically.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 132:1532–1541, 2022
Clinical and histologic evaluation of a fractional radiofrequency treatment of wrinkles and skin texture with novel 1‐mm long ultra‐thin electrode pins
Authors: Kauvar Arielle N. B. , Gershonowitz Amikam 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundFractional radiofrequency (RF) microneedling technologies have shown effectiveness in treating skin laxity and wrinkles. We report the first experience using a novel device with 1‐mm long ultrathin electrodes that utilizes a smooth RF‐assisted ablation mode.ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and effectiveness of treatment with a fractional RF device using 1.0‐mm long × 0.15‐mm diameter ultrathin electrode tips for improvement of facial skin texture and wrinkles.Methods and MaterialsThis was a prospective, open‐label, intraindividual‐controlled trial. Nine participants (mean age: 47.6, Fitzpatrick skin type II–IV, Fitzpatrick Elastosis Wrinkle Scale [FEWS] score: 3–6) underwent six treatment sessions with a fractional RF technology utilizing an array of 6 × 6 1‐mm long ultrathin electrodes. Treatment effectiveness was assessed by FEWS and the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS). Safety and tolerance were evaluated.ResultsThree months after the sixth treatment session, blinded, investigator‐assessed FEWS decreased from baseline 4.33 ± 0.67–3.33 ± 0.67 (p < 0.005); 88.9% of participants showed overall skin improvement using the physician‐assessed GAIS, and all of the participants reported improvement in skin texture and wrinkles. Treatment was well tolerated, with no adverse events and no downtime. Histological analysis in a porcine model showed a fractional pattern of epidermal ablation and dermal coagulation with intervening zones of normal healthy tissue. These changes were followed by progressive epithelialization over a period of 13 days.ConclusionThe fractional RF technology with the novel 1.0 long × 0.15 mm ultrathin electrodes tips was effective in improving skin texture and wrinkles without impacting the participants' daily activities.
Improved oxidation and hot corrosion resistance of Ta‐doped NiAlY alloy at 750°C
Authors: Yu Miao , Xu Kai , Zhou Dapeng , Cui Tiancheng , Li Rongzhi , Pu Jibin , Li Changsheng , Li Ying 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe oxidation and hot corrosion behaviors of the NiCrAlY, NiAlY, and Ni–xTa–Al–Y alloys (x = 1, 3, 5, and 10 wt%) were investigated at 750°C. The doped Ta promoted the formation of the protective α‐Al2O3 scales. The NiTaAlY alloys exhibited an improved oxidation resistance compared with the NiAlY alloy. Under the NaCl‐induced hot corrosion test, the addition of Ta reduced the consumption of Al and inhibited the internal corrosion of the alloys. The Ni–xTa–Al–Y alloys (x = 1, 3, 5, and 10 wt%) showed better resistance to the NaCl‐induced hot corrosion. Moreover, the hot corrosion mechanism of the tested alloys was also discussed.
International Multicenter Analysis of Brain Structure Across Clinical Stages of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Laansma Max A. , Bright Joanna K. , Al‐Bachari Sarah , Anderson Tim J. , Ard Tyler , Assogna Francesca , Baquero Katherine A. , Berendse Henk W. , Blair Jamie , Cendes Fernando , Dalrymple‐Alford John C. , de Bie Rob M.A. , Debove Ines , Dirkx Michiel F. , Druzgal Jason , Emsley Hedley C.A. , Garraux Gäetan , Guimarães Rachel P. , Gutman Boris A. , Helmich Rick C. , Klein Johannes C. , Mackay Clare E. , McMillan Corey T. , Melzer Tracy R. , Parkes Laura M. , Piras Fabrizio , Pitcher Toni L. , Poston Kathleen L. , Rango Mario , Ribeiro Letícia F. , Rocha Cristiane S. , Rummel Christian , Santos Lucas S.R. , Schmidt Reinhold , Schwingenschuh Petra , Spalletta Gianfranco , Squarcina Letizia , van den Heuvel Odile A. , Vriend Chris , Wang Jiun‐Jie , Weintraub Daniel , Wiest Roland , Yasuda Clarissa L. , Jahanshad Neda , Thompson Paul M. , van der Werf Ysbrand D. ,   The ENIGMA‐Parkinson's Study
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundBrain structure abnormalities throughout the course of Parkinson's disease have yet to be fully elucidated.ObjectiveUsing a multicenter approach and harmonized analysis methods, we aimed to shed light on Parkinson's disease stage‐specific profiles of pathology, as suggested by in vivo neuroimaging.MethodsIndividual brain MRI and clinical data from 2357 Parkinson's disease patients and 1182 healthy controls were collected from 19 sources. We analyzed regional cortical thickness, cortical surface area, and subcortical volume using mixed‐effects models. Patients grouped according to Hoehn and Yahr stage were compared with age‐ and sex‐matched controls. Within the patient sample, we investigated associations with Montreal Cognitive Assessment score.ResultsOverall, patients showed a thinner cortex in 38 of 68 regions compared with controls (dmax = −0.20, dmin = −0.09). The bilateral putamen (dleft = −0.14, dright = −0.14) and left amygdala (d = −0.13) were smaller in patients, whereas the left thalamus was larger (d = 0.13). Analysis of staging demonstrated an initial presentation of thinner occipital, parietal, and temporal cortices, extending toward rostrally located cortical regions with increased disease severity. From stage 2 and onward, the bilateral putamen and amygdala were consistently smaller with larger differences denoting each increment. Poorer cognition was associated with widespread cortical thinning and lower volumes of core limbic structures.ConclusionsOur findings offer robust and novel imaging signatures that are generally incremental across but in certain regions specific to disease stages. Our findings highlight the importance of adequately powered multicenter collaborations. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Bilateral Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Essential Tremor (BEST‐FUS Phase 2 Trial)
Authors: Iorio‐Morin Christian , Yamamoto Kazuaki , Sarica Can , Zemmar Ajmal , Levesque Mathieu , Brisebois Simon , Germann Jurgen , Loh Aaron , Boutet Alexandre , Elias Gavin J.B. , Azevedo Paula , Adam Elizabeth , Patel Urmi , Lenis Martha , Kalia Suneil K. , Hodaie Mojgan , Fasano Alfonso , Lozano Andres M. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn patients with medically refractory essential tremor, unilateral magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy can improve contralateral tremor. However, this procedure does not address ipsilateral symptoms.ObjectiveThe objective of the current study was to determine whether bilateral thalamotomies can be performed with an acceptable safety profile where benefits outweigh adverse effects.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, single‐arm, single‐blinded phase 2 trial of second‐side magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy in patients with essential tremor. Patients were followed for 3 months. The primary outcome was the change in quality of life relative to baseline, as well as the answer to the question “Given what you know now, would you treat the second side again?”. Secondary outcomes included tremor, gait, speech, and adverse effects.ResultsTen patients were analyzed. The study met both primary outcomes, with the intervention resulting in clinically significant improvement in quality of life at 3 months (mean Quality of Life in Essential Tremor score difference, 19.7; 95%CI, 8.0–31.4; P = 0.004) and all patients reporting that they would elect to receive the second‐side treatment again. Tremor significantly improved in all patients. Seven experienced mild adverse effects, including 2 with transient gait impairment and a fall, 1 with dysarthria and dysphagia, and 1 with mild dysphagia persisting at 3 months.ConclusionsStaged bilateral magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy can be performed with a reasonable safety profile similar to that seen with unilateral thalamotomy and improves the tremor and quality of life of patients with essential tremor. Longer‐term follow‐up and continued accrual in the phase 3 trial will be required to validate these findings. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Recommendation of premarital genetic screening in the Syrian Jewish community based on mutation carrier frequencies within Syrian Jewish cohorts
Authors: Zeevi David A. , Chung Wendy K. , Levi Chaim , Scher Sholem Y. , Bringer Rachel , Kahan Yael , Muallem Hagit , Benel Rinat , Hirsch Yoel , Weiden Tzvi , Ekstein Ahron , Ekstein Josef 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is a paucity of information available regarding the carrier frequency for autosomal recessive pathogenic variants among Syrian Jews. This report provides data to support carrier screening for a group of autosomal recessive conditions among Syrian Jews based on the population frequency of 40 different pathogenic variants in a cohort of over 3800 individuals with Syrian Jewish ancestry.MethodsHigh throughput PCR amplicon sequencing was used to genotype 40 disease‐causing variants in 3840 and 5279 individuals of Syrian and Iranian Jewish ancestry, respectively. These data were compared with Ashkenazi Jewish carrier frequencies for the same variants, based on roughly 370,000 Ashkenazi Jewish individuals in the Dor Yeshorim database.ResultsCarrier screening identified pathogenic variants shared among Syrian, Iranian, and Ashkenazi Jewish groups. In addition, alleles unique to each group were identified. Importantly, 8.2% of 3401 individuals of mixed Syrian Jewish ancestry were carriers for at least one pathogenic variant.ConclusionThe findings of this study support the clinical usefulness of premarital genetic screening for individuals with Syrian Jewish ancestry to reduce the incidence of autosomal recessive disease among persons with Syrian Jewish heritage.
Mosaic proximal trisomy 13q and regular trisomy 13 in a female patient with long survival: Involvement of an incomplete trisomic rescue and a chromothripsis event
Authors: Morán‐Barroso Verónica Fabiola , Cervantes Alicia , Rivera‐Vega María del Refugio , del Castillo‐Moreno Adriana , Moreno‐Chacón Alejandra , Mejía‐Cauich Estefanía , Contreras‐Ortiz Laura Eréndira , Fernández‐Ramírez Fernando 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundTrisomy 13 or Patau syndrome has a prevalence of 1:10,000–20,000 and is characterized by microcephaly, microphthalmia, polydactyly, as well as other dysmorphic features and malformations, with a patient survival of 13% in the first year. Trisomy 13 presents either as a free chromosome 13 trisomy or associated with a chromosomal Robertsonian translocation, as partial trisomy affecting proximal or distal 13q regions, and also as a mosaic. Mosaic trisomy 13 shows a highly variable phenotype, displaying from mild to severe affectations. We present a 12‐year‐old Mexican female patient with intellectual disability, dysmorphic features, polymenorrhea, and long survival, whose initial cytogenetic study referred to a small supernumerary marker chromosome.MethodsGTG banding karyotype, high‐resolution chromosomal microarray, and fluorescent in situ hybridization analyses were performed in peripheral blood cells.ResultsOur analyses demonstrated a de novo mosaicism in our patient, constituted by proximal trisomy 13q10‐q14.3 (82%) and free trisomy 13 (18%) cell lines. Her final chromosomal complement is mos 47,XX,+del(13)(q14.3)[25]/47,XX,+13[7].ish del(13)(RB1+)[17]/13q14(RB1x3)[2].arr[GRCh37] 13q11q14.3(19436286_51726415)x3,13q11q34(19436286_115107733)x2‐3 dn.ConclusionsThe wide spectrum of clinical manifestations observed in our patient mainly results from the proximal trisomy 13q, and her phenotype is modified by the presence of a free trisomy 13 cell line. We propose that her mosaicism probably derived from a trisomic zygote that underwent a failed trisomic rescue associated with chromothripsis, originating the cell line with partial 13q proximal trisomy, whose selective advantage could explain the long survival of our patient.
Development of a DNA damage model that accommodates different cellular oxygen concentrations and radiation qualities
Authors: Zhu Hongyu , Li Junli , Deng Xiaowu , Qiu Rui , Wu Zhen , Zhang Hui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeResearch regarding cellular responses at different oxygen concentrations (OCs) is of immense interest within the field of radiobiology. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a mechanistic model to analyze cellular responses at different OCs.MethodsA DNA damage model (the different cell oxygen level DNA damage [DICOLDD] model) that examines the oxygen effect was developed based on the oxygen fixation hypothesis, which states that dissolved oxygen can modify the reaction kinetics of DNA‐derived radicals generated by ionizing radiation. The generation of DNA‐derived radicals was simulated using the Monte Carlo method. The decay of DNA‐derived radicals due to the competing processes of chemical repair, oxygen fixation, and intrinsic damaging was described using differential equations. The DICOLDD model was fitted to the previous experimental data obtained under different irradiation configurations and validated by calculating the yields of DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) after exposure to 137Cs as well as cell survival fractions (SFs) using a mechanistic model of cellular survival. Moreover, we used the DICOLDD model to calculate DNA DSB damage yields after irradiation with 0.5–50 MeV protons.ResultsGenerally, DSB yields calculated after exposure to 137Cs at different OCs correspond to statistical uncertainties of previous experimental results. Calculated SFs of CHO and V79 cells exposed to photons, protons, and alpha particles at different OCs generally concur with those obtained in previous studies. Our results demonstrated that the variation in DSB yields was less than 10% when the cellular OC decreased from 21% to 5%. Additionally, DSB yields changed drastically when OC dropped below 1%.ConclusionsWe developed a DNA damage model to evaluate the oxygen effect and provide evidence that a reaction‐kinetic model of DNA‐derived radicals induced by ionizing radiation suffices to explain the observed oxygen effects. Therefore, the DICOLDD model is a powerful tool for the analysis of cellular responses at different OCs after exposure to different types of radiation.
Assessment of a diaphragm override strategy for robustly optimized proton therapy planning for esophageal cancer patients
Authors: Visser Sabine , Neh Hendrike , Oraboni Ribeiro Cássia , Korevaar Erik W. , Meijers Arturs , Poppe Björn , Sijtsema Nanna M. , Both Stefan , Langendijk Johannes A. , Muijs Christina T. , Knopf Antje C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeTo ensure target coverage in the treatment of esophageal cancer, a density override to the region of diaphragm motion can be applied in the optimization process. Here, we evaluate the benefit of this approach during robust optimization for intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) planning.Materials and methodsFor 10 esophageal cancer patients, two robustly optimized IMPT plans were created either using (WDO) or not using (NDO) a diaphragm density override of 1.05 g/cm3 during plan optimization. The override was applied to the excursion of the diaphragm between exhale and inhale. Initial robustness evaluation was performed for plan acceptance (setup errors of 8 mm, range errors of ±3%), and subsequently, on all weekly repeated 4DCTs (setup errors of 2 mm, range errors of ±3%). Target coverage and hotspots were analyzed on the resulting voxel‐wise minimum (Vwmin) and voxel‐wise maximum (Vwmax) dose distributions.ResultsThe nominal dose distributions were similar for both WDO and NDO plans. However, visual inspection of the Vwmax of the WDO plans showed hotspots behind the right diaphragm override region. For one patient, target coverage and hotspots improved by applying the diaphragm override. We found no differences in target coverage in the weekly evaluations between the two approaches.ConclusionThe diaphragm override approach did not result in a clinical benefit in terms of planning and interfractional robustness. Therefore, we do not see added value in employing this approach as a default option during robust optimization for IMPT planning in esophageal cancer.