bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtually engaging students through collaborative investigation of scientific literature, a case study
Authors: Stengel Ashley , Stanke Kimberly M. , McPherson Morgan R. , Drijber Rhae A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCritical evaluation and analysis are essential skills of the scientific process which can be further developed through reading primary scientific literature. However, early stage scientists, including undergraduate and graduate students, often face barriers to reading and comprehending primary literature, which can make deeper investigation and evaluation of content even more challenging. To address this core skills gap, we designed a virtual journal club series. This series was designed to keep undergraduate students engaged following restrictions on in‐person activities due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. As this initiative was developed and led by graduate students, activities were designed with an emphasis on facilitating student‐centered learning outcomes. We used several active learning techniques, including deconstruction of the main message through one‐sentence summaries, collaborative student engagement via distinct team roles, conceptual diagrams to reinforce learning and develop communication skills through presentations, and word journals to encourage evaluation and synthesis of ideas across readings. We highlight how these strategies can be used for the design of literature‐based training both inside and outside of the classroom. Further, we demonstrate that virtual journal clubs are an effective strategy for enhancing science literacy skills by facilitating student buy‐in.
Cobalt selenide decorated polyaniline composite nanofibers as a newer counter electrode for dye‐sensitized solar cell
Authors: Sowbakkiyavathi Elindjeane Sheela , Murugadoss Vignesh , Sittaramane Ramadasse , Dhanusuraman Ragupathy , Angaiah Subramania 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe cobalt selenide nanoparticles (CoSe NPs) were prepared by a simple hydrothermal method, and polyaniline nanofibers (PANI NFs) were prepared by a chemical oxidative polymerization and its composite NFs were prepared by incorporating CoSe onto PANI at the optimized wt% 1:1 by ultrasonication to use as a newer photocathode for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The physio‐chemical properties of the prepared CoSe NPs/PANI NFs composite NFs were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscope, X‐ray diffractometer, and Raman spectroscopy. The results revealed that the phase pure CoSe NPs were decorated onto the PANI NFs without affecting their physio‐chemical nature. The electrochemical characteristics of CoSe NPs/PANI NFs composite NFs as photocathode were investigated by electrochemical AC‐impedance, cyclic voltammetry, and Tafel polarization studies. The CoSe decorated PANI composite NFs displayed excellent electrocatalytic behavior toward the tri‐iodide reduction. Further, DSSC fabricated with CoSe/PANI composite NFs as the photocathode exhibited the highest photoconversion efficiency of 9.14% than that of the pristine CoSe NPs and PANI NFs‐based counter electrodes (CEs). This is attributed to the synergistic electrocatalytic ability of CoSe NPs and the multiple interfacial charge transferability of PANI NFs. These results suggest that CoSe decorated PANI composite NFs could be used as a promising CE to fabricate high‐performance DSSC.
Exploring influence of fluorine substitution on the strength and nature of halogen bond between iodobenzene and hydrogen cyanide
Authors: Naghani Farhad Fereydooni , Emamian Saeedreza , Zare Karim 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the present study, the intermolecular I … N halogen bond (XB) interaction between iodobenzene (IBZ) and its fluorinated derivatives (as Lewis acids LA 1 through LA 20) with HCN (as Lewis base LB) is theoretically explored to shed light on the electronic nature and strength of the mentioned non‐covalent interaction (NCI). The hydrogen atoms of phenyl ring in IBZ were substituted by fluorine atom to probe different impacts of this atom. Such a substitution is paid attention from the number as well as the position of fluorine atoms points of view. Our analyses reveal that this XB interaction whose interaction energy spans a narrow range between 1.0 and 3.0 kcal·mol−1should be classified as a weak NCI. The symmetry‐adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) analysis evidences that the I … N XB in the investigated binary complexes (BCs) is mainly dominated by electrostatic and dispersion interactions, and, in the meantime, induction interactions can safely be ignored. Among the many I … N XB descriptors,Vs,max, which corresponds to the most positive value of electrostatic potential computed for the iodine atom in LAs, plays a key role. Indeed, such an easily and rapidly computable quantity (Vs,max) allows a sufficiently accurate prediction of interaction energy together with SAPT‐derived components analysis to become feasible by a simple inclusion ofVs,maxvalue within the numerous explored estimators. Although the strength of I … N XB interaction in the studied BCs is increased by an increase in the number of fluorine substituent, the position of fluorine atom cannot significantly alter the strength of the mentioned interaction.
Wet‐spun porous fibers from high internal phase emulsions: Continuous preparation and high stretchability
Authors: Jiang Bing , Zhang Tao , Xu Zhiguang , Zhao Yan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlthough high internal phase emulsion (HIPE)‐templating is promising to prepare macroporous materials (polyHIPEs) with controllable shapes and tuneable property, fibrous polyHIPEs with stretchability and their continuous preparation are still challenging. Here, we report the fabrication of polyHIPE fibers in a continuous manner through wet spinning of HIPEs. The successful fabrication of polyHIPE fibers depends on HIPE dispersed phase fractions, ammonia‐catalyzed interfacial reaction and wet spinning. Dry polyHIPE fibers exhibit tunable diameters, hierarchically porous structures, high stability to temperature and to various solutions, and high stretchability (with a high tensile strain of 155%), which is hard to achieve for polyHIPEs. The polyHIPE fibers show enhanced uptakes to both water (14.4 ml g−1) and organic solvents (up to 26.3 ml g−1), and the amphiphilic swelling is rare for polyHIPEs. Moreover, the dry polyHIPE fibers show good thermal insulation, similar to that of cotton. Simple wet spinning, combining with HIPEs with tuneable composition, is promising for preparing various polyHIPE fibers for various potential applications.
A randomized controlled evaluation of an educational resource to address fertility concerns after cancer
Authors: Ussher Jane M , Perz Janette , Hawkey Alexandra J 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluated the acceptability and impact of a written oncofertility educational resource (ER), as a self‐help intervention (SH), and as an adjunct to a one‐hour health‐care professional discussion (HP).MethodsWithin a randomized control trial (RCT), 194 adults with cancer (175 womens; 19 mens) were allocated to the SH or HP intervention. 127 completed 6‐weeks post‐intervention measures, a retention rate of 65.85%.ResultsAcross interventions, the ER was rated as highly acceptable and useful, in terms of ease of understanding, and information. Heath literacy significantly increased post‐intervention, including functional literacy, communicative literacy, and critical health literacy. There were no significant changes in ratings of fertility distress or general distress pre‐post intervention. Quality of life was significantly reduced post intervention. Those in the HP condition reported higher quality of life and greater likelihood of communication with others about fertility, most notably with intimate partners, post‐intervention. Qualitative identification of increased knowledge, confidence with communication and normalization of fertility concerns, reflects increased health literacy, and provides explanation for significant reductions in feeling nervous and fearful about fertility treatments post‐intervention.ConclusionsOur findings confirm the importance of information provision about the impact of cancer on fertility. Written ERs are a useful adjunct to a patient‐clinician discussion, increasing health literacy, which facilitates knowledge, self‐efficacy and management of fertility concerns and changes.
A Method for Estimation of Blast Performance of RDX‐IPN‐Al Annular Thermobaric Charges
Authors: Iorga Ovidiu G. , Tigănescu Tudor V. , Sućeska Muhamed , Rotariu Traian , Marin Alexandru , Munteanu Mihail , Zecheru Teodora , Ginghină Raluca E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe objective of this research was to develop and to experimentally validate a method to predict the blast performance of thermobaric annular charges based on isopropyl nitrate‐aluminium and RDX‐isopropyl nitrate‐aluminium. Overpressure and thermal output were investigated in open air using piezoelectric pressure transducers, high speed visible and infrared imaging. Prediction of the explosive transformation of the annular thermobaric charge was computed by thermochemical code EXPLO5® using the Chapman‐Jouguet (ideal detonation) and non‐ideal Wood and Kirkwood (WK) detonation model. The Jones‐Wilkins‐Lee (JWL) parameters obtained in the calculations were used in hydrocode numerical simulation using AUTODYN® in order to predict the incident overpressure, total impulse and arrival time. Additional energy attributed to aluminium afterburning was used in order to simulate the post‐combustion phase. For isopropyl nitrate‐aluminium based charges, both BKW and WK models estimate correctly the peak overpressure and arrival time, while the total impulse was more accurately calculated by WK non‐ideal detonation model. For the RDX‐containing formulation, the prediction of peak overpressure, total impulse and arrival time are in agreement with the predictions obtained using WK non‐ideal detonation model with additional energy. The performances of the investigated thermobaric charges were compared with an equivalent mass charge of TNT, confirming both the expected higher total impulse and higher peak overpressures in the case of RDX‐isopropyl nitrate‐aluminium based thermobaric charges. Thermal measurements highlighted two distinct phases, an anaerobic phase and the post combustion of the thermobaric compositions. In terms of thermal output, the RDX‐isopropyl nitrate‐aluminium thermobaric based charge manifests superior performances.
Human DND1‐RRM2 forms a non‐canonical domain swapped dimer
Authors: Kumari Pooja , Bhavesh Neel Sarovar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRNA recognition motif (RRM) being the most abundant RNA binding domain in eukaryotes, is a major player in cellular regulation. Several variations in the canonical βαββαβ topology have been observed. We have determined the 2.3 Å crystal structure of the human DND1‐RRM2 domain. The structure revealed an interesting non‐canonical RRM fold, which is maintained by the formation of a 3D domain swapped dimer between β1 and β4 strands across protomers. We have delineated the structural basis of the stable domain swapped dimer formation using the residue level dynamics of protein explored by NMR spectroscopy and MD simulations. Our structural and dynamics studies substantiate major determinants and molecular basis for domain swapped dimerization observed in the RRM domain.
Two‐Terminal Perovskite‐Based Tandem Solar Cells for Energy Conversion and Storage
Authors: Li Tian‐Tian , Yang Yuan‐Bo , Li Guo‐Ran , Chen Peng , Gao Xue‐Ping 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells present a rapid improvement on power conversion efficiency from 3.8% to 25.5% in the past decades. Owing to the tuneable bandgaps, low‐cost, and ease of fabrication, perovskites become ideal candidate materials for fabricating tandem solar cells, especially for efficient and high‐voltage monolithic two‐terminal devices. In this review, an overview of recent advances in various monolithic perovskite‐based tandem solar cells with a focus on the key challenges is provided. Subsequently, the recombination layer materials, construction of wide‐bandgap perovskite layer, stability of narrow‐bandgap, and current matching principle in tandems are highlighted in order to optimize the output voltage and conversion efficiency of tandem solar cells. Finally, the recent progress is summarized with a focus on potential applications of tandem solar cells for energy conversion and storage, including hydrogen production by water splitting, CO2 reduction, supercapacitors, and rechargeable batteries, benefiting from the adjustable output voltage of tandem solar cells. It is hoped that this work can offer a feasible strategy to explore more possibilities for fabricating new two‐terminal tandem solar cells with high voltage and high conversion efficiency for energy conversion and storage.
Printable G‐Putty for Frequency‐ and Rate‐Independent, High‐Performance Strain Sensors
Authors: O'Driscoll Daniel P. , McMahon Sean , Garcia James , Biccai Sonia , Gabbett Cian , Kelly Adam G. , Barwich Sebastian , Moebius Matthias , Boland Conor S. , Coleman Jonathan N. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhile nanocomposite electromechanical sensors are expected to display reasonable conductivity and high sensitivity, little consideration is given to eliminating hysteresis and strain rate/frequency dependence from their response. For example, while G‐putty, a composite of graphene and polysiloxane, has very high electromechanical sensitivity, its extreme viscoelasticity renders it completely unsuitable for real sensors due to hysteretic and rate‐/frequency‐dependent effects. Here it is shown that G‐putty can be converted to an ink and printed into patterned thin films on elastic substrates. A partial graphene‐polymer phase segregation during printing increases the thin‐film conductivity by ×106 compared to bulk, while the mechanical effects of the substrate largely suppress hysteresis and completely remove strain rate and frequency dependence. This allows the fabrication of practical, high‐gauge‐factor, wearable sensors for pulse measurements as well as patterned sensors for low‐signal vibration sensing.
Nanostructured Carbon Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversions
Authors: Asefa Tewodros , Tang Chaoyun , Ramírez‐Hernández Maricely 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe growing energy demand worldwide has led to increased use of fossil fuels. This, in turn, is making fossil fuels dwindle faster and cause more negative environmental impacts. Thus, alternative, environmentally friendly energy sources such as fuel cells and electrolyzers are being developed. While significant progress has already been made in this area, such energy systems are still hard to scale up because of their noble metal catalysts. In this concept paper, first, various scalable nanocarbon‐based electrocatalysts that are being synthesized for energy conversions in these energy systems are introduced. Next, notable heteroatom‐doping and nanostructuring strategies that are applied to produce different nanostructured carbon materials with high electrocatalytic activities for energy conversions are discussed. The concepts used to develop such materials with different structures and large density of dopant‐based catalytic functional groups in a sustainable way, and the challenges therein, are emphasized in the discussions. The discussions also include the importance of various analytical, theoretical, and computational methods to probe the relationships between the compositions, structures, dopants, and active catalytic sites in such materials. These studies, coupled with experimental studies, can further guide innovative synthetic routes to efficient nanostructured carbon electrocatalysts for practical, large‐scale energy conversion applications.
Direct Utilization of Photoinduced Charge Carriers to Promote Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Ren Yuanfu , Zhu Ting , Liu Yadong , Liu Quanbing , Yan Qingyu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractElectrochemical energy storage has been regarded as one of the most promising strategies for next‐generation energy consumption. To meet the increasing demands of urban electric vehicles, development of green and efficient charging technologies by exploitation of solar energy should be considered for outdoor charging in the future. Herein, a light‐sensitive material (copper foam‐supported copper oxide/nickel copper oxides nanosheets arrays, namely CF@CuOx@NiCuOx NAs) with hierarchical nanostructures to promote electrochemical charge storage is specifically fabricated. The as‐fabricated NAs have demonstrated a high areal specific capacity of 1.452 C cm−2 under light irradiation with a light power of 1.76 W, which is 44.8% higher than the capacity obtained without light. Such areal specific capacity (1.452 C cm−2) is much higher than that of the conventional supercapacitor structure using a similar active redox component reported recently (NiO nanosheets array@Co3O4‐NiO FTNs: maximum areal capacity of 623.5 mF cm−2 at 2 mA cm−2). This photo‐enhancement for charge storage can be attributed to the combination of photo‐sensitive Cu2O and pseudo‐active NiO components. Hence, this work may provide new possibilities for direct utilization of sustainable solar energy to realize enhanced capability for energy storage devices.
Nanomedicines for combating multidrug resistance of cancer
Authors: Zhu Ya‐Xuan , Jia Hao‐Ran , Duan Qiu‐Yi , Wu Fu‐Gen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractChemotherapy typically involves the use of specific chemodrugs to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells, but the frequent emergence of a variety of multidrug‐resistant cancer cells poses a tremendous threat to our combat against cancer. The fundamental causes of multidrug resistance (MDR) have been studied for decades, and can be generally classified into two types: one is associated with the activation of diverse drug efflux pumps, which are responsible for translocating intracellular drug molecules out of the cells; the other is linked with some non‐efflux pump‐related mechanisms, such as antiapoptotic defense, enhanced DNA repair ability, and powerful antioxidant systems. To overcome MDR, intense efforts have been made to develop synergistic therapeutic strategies by introducing MDR inhibitors or combining chemotherapy with other therapeutic modalities, such as phototherapy, gene therapy, and gas therapy, in the hope that the drug‐resistant cells can be sensitized toward chemotherapeutics. In particular, nanotechnology‐based drug delivery platforms have shown the potential to integrate multiple therapeutic agents into one system. In this review, the focus was on the recent development of nanostrategies aiming to enhance the efficiency of chemotherapy and overcome the MDR of cancer in a synergistic manner. Different combinatorial strategies are introduced in detail and the advantages as well as underlying mechanisms of why these strategies can counteract MDR are discussed. This review is expected to shed new light on the design of advanced nanomedicines from the angle of materials and to deepen our understanding of MDR for the development of more effective anticancer strategies.This article is categorized under:
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Testing aligned CP-violating Higgs sector at future lepton colliders
Authors: Kanemura Shinya , Kubota Mitsunori , Yagyu Kei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We discuss the testability of CP-violating phases at future lepton colliders for the scenario which satisfies electric dipole moment data by destructive interferences among several phases. We consider the general but aligned two Higgs doublet model which has the CP-violating phases in the Higgs potential and the Yukawa interaction. The Yukawa interaction terms are aligned to avoid flavor changing neutral currents at tree level. The Higgs potential is also aligned such that the coupling constants of the lightest Higgs boson with the mass of 125 GeV to the Standard Model (SM) particles are the same as those of the SM at tree level. We investigate the azimuthal angle distribution of the hadronic decay of tau leptons arising from production and decay of the extra Higgs bosons, which contains information of the CP-violating phases. From the signal and background simulation, we find that the scenario with finite CP-violating phases can be distinguished from CP conserving one at future lepton colliders like the International Linear Collider.
Holographic entanglement entropy for perturbative higher-curvature gravities
Authors: Bueno Pablo , Camps Joan , López Alejandro Vilar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The holographic entanglement entropy functional for higher-curvature gravities involves a weighted sum whose evaluation, beyond quadratic order, requires a complicated theory-dependent splitting of the Riemann tensor components. Using the splittings of general relativity one can obtain unambiguous formulas perturbatively valid for general higher-curvature gravities. Within this setup, we perform a novel rewriting of the functional which gets rid of the weighted sum. The formula is particularly neat for general cubic and quartic theories, and we use it to explicitly evaluate the corresponding functionals. In the case of Lovelock theories, we find that the anomaly term can be written in terms of the exponential of a differential operator. We also show that order-n densities involving nR Riemann tensors (combined with n−nR Ricci’s) give rise to terms with up to 2nR− 2 extrinsic curvatures. In particular, densities built from arbitrary Ricci curvatures combined with zero or one Riemann tensors have no anomaly term in their functionals. Finally, we apply our results for cubic gravities to the evaluation of universal terms coming from various symmetric regions in general dimensions. In particular, we show that the universal function characteristic of corner regions in d = 3 gets modified in its functional dependence on the opening angle with respect to the Einstein gravity result.
Fermionic criticality is shaped by Fermi surface topology: a case study of the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid
Authors: Mukherjee Anirban , Patra Siddhartha , Lal Siddhartha 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We perform a unitary renormalization group (URG) study of the 1D fermionic Hubbard model. The formalism generates a family of effective Hamiltonians and many-body eigenstates arranged holographically across the tensor network from UV to IR. The URG is realized as a quantum circuit, leading to the entanglement holographic mapping (EHM) tensor network description. A topological Θ-term of the projected Hilbert space of the degrees of freedom at the Fermi surface are shown to govern the nature of RG flow towards either the gapless Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid or gapped quantum liquid phases. This results in a nonperturbative version of the Berezenskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) RG phase diagram, revealing a line of intermediate coupling stable fixed points, while the nature of RG flow around the critical point is identical to that obtained from the weak-coupling RG analysis. This coincides with a phase transition in the many-particle entanglement, as the entanglement entropy RG flow shows distinct features for the critical and gapped phases depending on the value of the topological Θ-term. We demonstrate the Ryu-Takyanagi entropy bound for the many-body eigenstates comprising the EHM network, concretizing the relation to the holographic duality principle. The scaling of the entropy bound also distinguishes the gapped and gapless phases, implying the generation of very different holographic spacetimes across the critical point. Finally, we treat the Fermi surface as a quantum impurity coupled to the high energy electronic states. A thought-experiment is devised in order to study entanglement entropy generated by isolating the impurity, and propose ways by which to measure it by studying the quantum noise and higher order cumulants of the full counting statistics.