bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anodic Porous NiO Film Formation for the Hexavalent Chromium Removal under Ultraviolet Irradiation
Authors: Rosli Siti Azlina , Alias Nurhaswani , Misran Halina , Matsuda Atsunori , Tan Wai Kian , Kawamura Go , Razak Khairunisak Abdul , Lockman Zainovia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Anodic porous nickel oxide (NiO) was grown by anodization of Ni in ethylene glycol (EG) added to NH4F at 60 V in a two-step anodic process. The first process produced hydrated anodic film which was removed before the foil was subjected to a second anodic process. This led to the formation of porous structure with pore diameters of ∼ 90-180 nm. Formation of porous structure was done as to provide a larger specific surface area that can increase the removal efficiency of the hexavalent chromium. The as-anodized anodic film was then annealed at 300 °C to improve the adhesion of nickel oxides porous to substrates before being used as a photocatalyst to reduce Cr(VI) in a synthetic wastewater under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Porous NiO showed a good photocatalyst performance in reducing Cr(VI) to Cr(III) with 60% reduction after 150 min. However, with the addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 100% reduction was achieved after 120 min indicating that EDTA is required as holes scavengers.
LCO(1-0) – LFIR Correlation at Sub-Kiloparsec Scale in Nearby Spiral Galaxy NGC 1068
Authors: Azeez Jazeel H. , Umar Roslan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The impetus for researching the LCO(1-0)-LFIR connection at sub-kpc levels comes from the opportunity to improve our knowledge of the intricate processes regulating star formation, molecular gas dispersion, and galaxies’ overall evolution. We use a high spatial resolution 12CO(1–0) line emission data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) for the galaxy NGC 1068 (commonly known as M77) at a distance of 14.4 Mpc as well as Herschel 160 μm data for the same galaxy at (∼ 210 pc) scale. 31 regions were targeted across the gaseous disc of NGC 1068 (C and R1- R30). We measured the luminosity of CO(1-0) molecular gas and FIR luminosity in these regions. The relation between LCO(1-0) and LFIR has been studied in the upper and lower arms of this galaxy with a high spatial resolution. Using the Pearson Correlation test, the results indicate that a high positive correlation exists between the LFIR and the LCO(1-0) in the lower arm of this galaxy with correlation coefficient r = 0.86 and probability p = 99.99%, while a moderate correlation exists in the upper arm with correlation coefficient r = 0.45 and probability p = 89.54%. Furthermore, a sub-linear KS Law index was found in both upper and lower arms.
A case study on the impact of geomagnetic storms events with Dst ≤ 350nT in May 2024
Authors: Shah Raja Adibah Raja Halim , Hamid Nurul Shazana Abdul , Abdullah Mardina , Annuar Adlyka , Sarudin Idahwati , Kamarudin Farahana , Yoshikawa Akimasa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study presented the effect of a geomagnetic storm that was driven by coronal mass ejection (CME) on the ionospheric disturbance dynamo (Ddyn) near the equatorial region. The Ddyn variation was calculated using Earth’s magnetic field’s H component data. On the other hand, the Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) provides the data on the CME events utilized in this analysis. The geomagnetic storm is identified using the disturbance storm time (Dst) index. Multiple CME on 8 May 2024 and 9 May 2024 triggered the two-step storm with great storm type where the Dst values are -352 nT (10 May 2024, 22:00 UT) and -412 nT (11 May 2024, 02:00 UT), whose recovery phase lasted approximately ∼11 days. During this geomagnetic storm’s recovery phase, no clear magnetic signature on the Ddyn variation was observed at the Ranau station in Malaysia.
Climate Analysis for Tourist Comfort Level in Belitong Geopark
Authors: Yuliarti Aflah , Setiawan Budhi , Yusup Nur Khakim M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Tourism, a sector with significant potential to be developed into a source of regional income, is one of the focuses of the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy/Tourism and Creative Economy Agency (Kemenparekraf/Baparekraf) in their quest for sustainable tourism in Indonesia. Their efforts have resulted in Belitong Geopark being designated as a UNESCO Global Geopark., a new environmentally-based tourism branding. The comfort of the climate and the natural beauty of the tourist attractions play a crucial role in influencing tourists’ decisions to visit a destination. The Tourism Climate Index (TCI) and the Thermal Humidity Index (THI) are employed in this research to analyze the climate comfort level for tourism. (1) The factors that make up the climate comfort index, including precipitation, temperature, sunshine duration, wind speed and cloud coverage, are components of the thermal, physical, and aesthetic dimensions used to assess climate comfort levels. The climate data from 1991 to 2020 were obtained from the H.AS Hanandjoeddin Meteorological Station, cooperation rain-gauge stations from 2014 to 2020, and ECMWF reanalysis data with a data resolution of 0.25° x 0.25° for 1991-2020. According to the THI values in the Belitung Geopark, they are in the comfort category all year round, with the Tajam Mountain and Lumut Hill geosites showing the lowest THI values and having an extremely comfortable THI category, respectively. In comparison, the TCI results indicate that the best time to travel to Geopark Belitung is between December and June, mainly with TCI values in the excellent and perfect categories. In conclusion, climatic conditions in Belitung Geopark support tourism activities all year round.
The True Mother Earth Geotrail, in Kebumen Geopark
Authors: Ansori Chusni , Kusworo Aris , Mareta Nandian , Hastria Defry , Novy Yono Putro Iwan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Geopark is the concept of sustainable development based on geological heritage, geodiversity, cultural diversity, and biodiversity for conservation, education, and sustainable economic development. The Global Unesco Network has validated the Kebumen Geopark and its status as an aspiring UNESCO Global Geopark. Geopark management prepares the geotrail at the beginning before validation.
Geotourism is a tourism activity based on A.B.C. components in the form of geological diversity (Abiotic), geological heritage (Abiotic), biological diversity (Biotic), and culture diversity (Culture), which are related to geological diversity. Geotrail is a geotourism route arranged with a specific theme to connect A.B.C. components and become a fun/melodic and educational tourist route. One of the geotrails being prepared is in the Karangsambung area, a trace of the ancient subduction zone with its rich geodiversity. The Karangsambung area is the best evidence of plate tectonic theory in South East Asia with the oldest rocks in Java. The True Mother Earth of Java means that the oldest rocks in Java are exposed and can be used for geotourism about the concept of plate tectonics.
The results of scientific value analysis, potential education value, tourism value, and degradation risk are created to geotrail. It is hoped that by following this trail, tourists can gain an exciting experience in understanding the plate tectonics concept combined with cultural and biological diversity.
Geosite Gunung Benau Karst Area, North Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Heriyanto  , Sabrian P G , Haryono E , Sonaria M , Naomy A , Maslihatul  , Aqila D 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Mount of Benau is located in the North Borneo, precisely on the border between Bulungan Regency and Berau Regency. Thuis geological sites has rich in geological diversity and natural beauty. As part of a unique karting ecosystem, Mount Benau offers stunning views and high scientific value. This article will discuss various aspects related to Mount Benau, including geological characteristics, biodiversity, and potential for tourism development. Mount Benau is a residence for the Dayak Punan Batu tribe who has for generations occupied the existing caves or burrows. Until now, they still live in a nomadic or mobile home system. The method used is direct observation in the field and classifying existing geosites. Geosite classification on the Gunung Benau can be divided into 3 clusters, which are Lithology Cluster, Cave Cluster and Niche Cluster.
Geotourism Potensial on Geoheritage in Natuna Geopark
Authors: Ryannaldo  , Intan Ratih K 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Natuna is an archipelago and the name of a regency located in the Riau Islands Province. Bunguran Island, the largest island, has a unique geological diversity, where the rocks are derived from continental and oceanic crusts, including old river deposits. Natuna is rich in biological and cultural diversity of local communities. The diversity of the Earth’s heritage made Natuna designated as a national geopark in 2018. One of geopark’s goals is to foster a local economic value, which is usually approached through geotourism activities. The purpose of this research is to assess the potential of geotourism, especially from geological heritage aspect. The research method used were literature review, field data sampling, including analysis and classification. It was identified that five geoheritage sites are feasible to be developed into geotourism objects and attractions.
Implementation of WISE (Wonderful Indonesia Sustainable Tourism) Trips – A Journey Towards Low Carbon Geotourism Activities in Raja Ampat Geopark
Authors: Septiana A R , Lamatenggo Y N , Musa’ad M , Samodra H 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Tourism is a sector that significantly impacts the Indonesian economy and contributing 8% of carbon emissions in the atmosphere. Raja Ampat, renowned as one of the best diving destinations in the world, faces a serious threat due to the occurrence of coral bleaching events at several diving sites. As the UNESCO Global Geopark, the Encouraging the Implementation of the Manokwari Declaration program aims to implement national policies, including WISE (Wonderful Indonesia Sustainable Experience) Trips, which focus on low-carbon practices in tourism activities. In collaboration with CarbonEthics, carbon emissions related to geotourism are calculated by considering factors such as transportation, accommodation, food and beverage, and energy and plastic waste from activities. Geotourism activities packaged in the Raja Ampat UGGp geotrail are part of the Authentic Experience of Southwest Papua activity package. The calculation results indicate that the Geotrail Cruising the Sea of The Legend carbon emissions of 0.098 tons of CO2e per person, and tourists are encouraged to plant at least one mangrove trees in areas managed by BUMDES (Village-Owned Enterprises). Through this initiative, local communities not only benefit economically but also become educated and directly involved in climate change mitigation and conservation of their villages, in accordance with the principles of the SDG’s where this program fulfills 10 of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals.
Assessment of Geoconservation Potential in Part of Sukabumi Area Using Swot Analysis Based on Regulation by Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources no 32 of 2016
Authors: Afifah Nurul , Masitoh Ferryati , Afrida Pungkisari Visky 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Sukabumi located in West Java, Indonesia. The regional structure of the Sukabumi region is influenced by the convergence plate of the Eurasian and East Indies-Australia plates. The geological dynamic creates uniqueness and threat in the area studied. The uniqueness of the Sukabumi Region with the existence of the Cimandiri fault gives rise to the natural beauty that is considered to have potential as a geotourism area. Geotourism needs to be maintained and preserved as Geological Nature Reserve Areas (GNRA). The background of this research is the lack of public attention to the geotourism potential areas in Sukabumi. The study method uses thematic map analysis with the overlapping and the SWOT (scoring)-methods at 3 study areas: Cikundul, Santa Sea, and Karang Para. The potential of GNRA is given weight considering the regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 32 of 2016. The results of this study include development directions and the potential maps of Geological Reserves in the Sukabumi Region, West Java Province. The research output is to provide development directions related to the utilization and protection of Sukabumi geological uniqueness as a Geological Nature Reserve Area.
Geotechnical Aspects of Salo Lawo Waterfall in Salopuru Pattappa, Pujananting District, Barru Regency, South Sulawesi
Authors: Salam Munir Abdul , Anwar Habibie , Hardin Wakila Muhamad 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Salo Lawo waterfall represents a significant geotourism destination for the community in Pujananting, Barru district. It is of critical importance to identify the geotechnical aspects of this site in order to ensure the safety of visitors and to prevent potential rock mass movements. This research identifies fundamental geotechnical aspects through measuring and observing joints or discontinuities using the scanline method in the field. This is complemented by a kinematic analysis of stereographic projections, which enables the determination of failure modes potential and the classification of rock masses. The Salo Lawo waterfall is formed by sandstone in the Balang Baru formation, which exhibits a medium rock compressive strength. The kinematic analysis indicated that two types of failure could potentially occur on the rock slope wall: wedge sliding (26.29%) and oblique toppling, which is part of direct toppling (23.67%). The potential for planar sliding and flexural toppling was not identified, as indicated by the absence of critical intersections and the presence of only very small critical intersections obtained from stereographic projections. The kinematic analysis conducted in this research project predicts the potential for failure modes to occur at this location. This is considered to be a basic or initial stage in the assessment of the geotechnical aspects of the area. Consequently, further research is required to employ more detailed methods and laboratory testing to estimate the stability of the rock slopes at Salo Lawo waterfall. This will enable the information on geotechnical aspects to become more complete and valuable.
Contingency Planning for Tourism Development in Volcanic Disaster-Prone Areas in Indonesia
Authors: Kristianto  , Nugraha Kartadinata Mochamad , Kamil Syahbana Devy 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Indonesia is geologically recognized as a complex region due to its location at the convergence of the Eurasian, Pacific, and Indo-Australian tectonic plates, making it highly susceptible to geological hazards. Among these hazards, volcanic activity poses a significant threat, with 127 volcanoes identified as potential eruption hazards. Volcanic disasters often result in substantial loss of life and property. The natural beauty and allure of volcanic landscapes attract numerous tourists, leading to heavy concentrations of people in potentially dangerous areas. If tourism in these regions is not managed effectively, the risk of disasters may increase. Catastrophic volcanic eruptions, such as those at Lokon (1991), Semeru (2000), Bromo (2004), and Marapi (2023), have resulted in considerable casualties among tourists. This paper aims to provide essential considerations for tourism stakeholders in active volcanic regions to enhance safety and reduce fatalities associated with volcanic eruption hazards. It will explore the challenges and risks posed by tourism in these areas, emphasizing the need for comprehensive contingency planning. To safeguard tourists, future tourism development in areas prone to volcanic disasters must incorporate disaster risk assessments, early integration of volcanic hazard maps into tourist site designs, adherence to technical guidance from volcanological institutions, implementation of early warning systems, and regular dissemination of volcanic hazard mitigation measures.
Exploring Academic Perspectives for Enhancing Geopark Potentials in Cianjur: A Viewpoint Study
Authors: Muslim G O , Herdiansyah A R , Alfiyalin Y Y , Fahira G H , Muslim F N , William G , Muslim D 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study investigates how academic institutions can contribute to enhancing the geopark potential of Gunung Padang in Cianjur, Indonesia. As a significant megalithic site in Southeast Asia, Gunung Padang combines geological and cultural heritage, offering valuable opportunities for geotourism and education. However, limited research and awareness hinder the full realization of these assets. This research focuses on perspectives within the Islamic boarding school community, particularly Al Kautsar Islamic Boarding School, to understand local perceptions of the site’s potential as a tourism destination. Using literature reviews and key informant interviews, the study analyzes the role of local educational institutions in promoting environmental stewardship and community involvement. By integrating geopark concepts into educational curricula, these institutions can foster sustainable development, bridging cultural preservation with economic growth through tourism.
Enhancing Electrical Conductivity and pH Sensor Measurements in Precision Hydroponics: Comparative Analysis of Six Data Processing Methods
Authors: Sulaiman Hamdan , Anas Yusof Ahmad , Khairi Mohamed Nor Mohd 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Precision hydroponics requires precise and accurate Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Potential of Hydrogen (pH) measurements. The analog signals from the EC and pH sensor are converted to voltage and then into either EC or pH readings depending on the type of the sensor used. This paper presents a comparative study of six data processing methods to increase the precision and accuracy of EC and pH sensor measurements. The data processing includes six data processing methods that comprise direct (Methods 1 and 2) and selective methods (Methods 3, 4, 5, and 6). The precision of each data processing method was measured by comparing the standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variance (CV). The accuracy of the methods was calculated using Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Square Errors (RMSE). Outliers were identified through the interquartile range (IQR). The results show that Method 1 (SD = 4.935 mV; CV = 7.16; MAE = 3.090 mV; RMSE = 5.290 mV) is the unreliable method, whereas Method 5 (SD = 0.777 mV; CV = 1.15; MAE = 0.610 mV; RMSE = 0.866 mV) and Method 6 (SD = 0.669 mV; CV = 0.99; MAE = 0.640 mV; RMSE = 0.883 mV) demonstrate high precision and accurate measurements. This study offers reliable data processing methods in taking EC and pH measurements. Future research and hydroponics practitioners should use our suggested data processing methods.
Prediction of Soluble Solids Content in Tomatoes Due to Mechanical Impact Using NIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Andasuryani Andasuryani , Cherie Dinah , Maulana Raisal 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Soluble Solids Content (SSC) is an important indicator that reflects tomatoes’ taste quality and sugar content (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). During post-harvest handling using sorting and grading machines, tomatoes are at risk of mechanical impact that can cause changes in SSC content. This study aims to investigate the NIR spectroscopy method in predicting the SSC content of tomatoes that experience mechanical impact. We simulated mechanical impact at a drop height of 0 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm, and 60 cm and collected NIR spectra of tomatoes from a wavelength of 1000-2500 nm. We developed a calibration model using the partial least squares (PLS) method, preprocessing baseline correction, and Standard Normal Variate (SNV). The results showed that the best calibration model was the one with preprocessing baseline correction, which had Rc2, Rv2 SEC, SEP, and CV values of 0.90, 0.71, 0.14, 0.19, and 0.05, respectively. This study demonstrates the ability of NIR spectroscopy to predict SSC content in tomatoes due to mechanical impact.
Design of Pasaman Orange Grading Machine Based on Color and Size Using ESP32 Based Fuzzy Logic
Authors: fmalinda I , Fauzi F. F. , Azrifirwan  
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Pasaman oranges are one of the flagship agricultural commodities in West Sumatra, Indonesia. In the production process, orange classification is required to group the fruit based on its quality. However, many farmers still classify Pasaman oranges manually, which leads to issues with consistency in classification. This research aims to address this problem by designing an automatic grading machine for Pasaman oranges based on color and size, utilizing color sensor technology (TCS-3200) and ultrasonic sensors (HC-SR04) combined with fuzzy logic based on ESP32. The grading machine is designed to improve efficiency and reduce errors in the classification process. The results of the research show that the grading machine has a classification accuracy rate of 84.44% and an actual working capacity of an average of 1,363.64 fruits per hour. The developed grading machine has proven capable of classifying Pasaman oranges at a high capacity.
Evaluating the Impact of Agrivoltaic Systems on Microclimate and Andrographis paniculata Growth
Authors: Ashraf Zainol Abidin Mohd , Faqihah Jamrus Nur , Iman Azman Nurul , Illani Abdul Razak Nur , Faezah Omar Nur 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Agrivoltaic systems (AVS) integrate photovoltaic (PV) systems with agricultural production, presenting a dual strategy that optimize both energy and crop yields. This study aims to evaluate the effects of AVS on microclimate and growth performance of Andrographis paniculata, a medicinal herbaceous. The experiment consists of three treatments; Mono-Photovoltaic (MPV), Monocrop (MC), and AVS system (where the crops are grown under solar panels). Parameters like air temperature, humidity, and light intensity of the microclimate, and soil data such as soil temperature, moisture content, and electrical conductivity values are taken using sensors connected to a datalogger. Next, parameters such as plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves and SPAD value are measured and analyzed. The results show that AVS not only provide shade, but also produce a 6% cooler and 8.9% humid microclimate compared to MC, that benefits the growth of Andrographis paniculata and potentially improve the efficiency of PV. Furthermore, growing media under the AVS recorded higher moisture content, suggesting good water retention, which possibly reduce the irrigation water requirement. The study concludes that AVS system can be a practicable method to improve both productions in Malaysia. Thus, suggesting further research on other crops, irrigation management, and large-scale implementation of AVS.
Strategy for Developing the Rice Milling Business in Bunga Raya District Siak Regency: Case Study of Rice Milling X
Authors: Adha R , Pramana A , Juarsa R P , Kurniawan M A , Johan V S 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Bunga Raya serves as a significant locus for rice production within the Siak Regency of Riau Province. This study endeavored to examine strategic approaches for business expansion and to identify the critical strategic focal points within the X rice milling enterprise located in Bunga Raya District, Siak Regency, by employing the methodologies of SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis and QSPM (quantitative strategic planning matrix). The data analysis encompassed the identification of both internal and external variables influencing the enterprise, the formulation of alternative strategies through the SWOT matrix, and the establishment of strategic priorities utilizing the QSPM matrix. Based on the results of the SWOT matrix analysis and from the results of the QSPM matrix analysis, the strategy for business development at the X rice mill is in the S-T (strength-threat) strategy, the strategy that can be carried out is to enhance the quality of the products manufactured, which holds a TAS value of 5.080.