bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential diagnosis of ameloblastoma and odontogenic keratocyst by machine learning of panoramic radiographs
Authors: Liu Zijia , Liu Jiannan , Zhou Zijie , Zhang Qiaoyu , Wu Hao , Zhai Guangtao , Han Jing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The differentiation of the ameloblastoma and odontogenic keratocyst directly affects the formulation of surgical plans, while the results of differential diagnosis by imaging alone are not satisfactory. This paper aimed to propose an algorithm based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) structure to significantly improve the classification accuracy of these two tumors.

Methods
A total of 420 digital panoramic radiographs provided by 401 patients were acquired from the Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital. Each of them was cropped to a patch as a region of interest by radiologists. Furthermore, inverse logarithm transformation and histogram equalization were employed to increase the contrast of the region of interest (ROI). To alleviate overfitting, random rotation and flip transform as data augmentation algorithms were adopted to the training dataset. We provided a CNN structure based on a transfer learning algorithm, which consists of two branches in parallel. The output of the network is a two-dimensional vector representing the predicted scores of ameloblastoma and odontogenic keratocyst, respectively.

Results
The proposed network achieved an accuracy of 90.36% (AUC = 0.946), while sensitivity and specificity were 92.88% and 87.80%, respectively. Two other networks named VGG-19 and ResNet-50 and a network trained from scratch were also used in the experiment, which achieved accuracy of 80.72%, 78.31%, and 69.88%, respectively.

Conclusions
We proposed an algorithm that significantly improves the differential diagnosis accuracy of ameloblastoma and odontogenic keratocyst and has the utility to provide a reliable recommendation to the oral maxillofacial specialists before surgery.
Evaluating the impact of percolated reclaimed water from river-channel reservoir on groundwater using tracers in Beijing, Northern China
Authors: Zhang Yinghua , Yu Yilei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAs an increasingly important aspect of water management, historical dry river-channels, ponds or lakes are operated for the storage of reclaimed water as a landscape with the need for reuse of water. However, the percolated reclaimed water may have an adverse effect on groundwater quality. The aims of this work are to evaluate the potential for using various groundwater constituents or characteristics as tracers of percolated reclaimed water, to clarify the groundwater hydrochemical process with the effect of the reclaimed water recharge, and to estimate the degree to which the infiltrated reclaimed water has mixed with the native groundwater. Results obtained by comparing analysis between the dry season and wet season are presented based on multivariate statistics analysis, correlation of hydrochemical elements, and stable isotopes. The groundwater with the impact of reclaimed water was clustered together with higher Cl, K and NH4–N concentrations, lower Ca concentrations and more enriched heavy isotopes using unprecedentedly 3D-biplot; The water types of the groundwater change from Ca–Mg–HCO3–Cl, via Ca–Na–Mg–HCO3–Cl to Na–Ca–Mg–Cl–HCO3 with increasing reclaimed water percolated into the groundwater; the most useful tracers for evaluation of the fate and mixing of reclaimed water are chloride ion and oxygen-18 and chloride ion is more accurate than oxygen-18 to quantify the recharge source of the groundwater from the reclaimed water; using a two-end-member mixing model to calculate the reclaimed water discharged into the groundwater, the proportion of reclaimed water in groundwater is up to 94% near the unlined riverbed and up to 43% far from it. These results demonstrate the potential of the combined application of multivariate statistics analysis, traditional hydrochemical analysis and isotopes to assess the percolated reclaimed water in the groundwater, especially using 3D-biplot to determine the spatial water quality changes defined by the different factors.
Efficient removal of 2-chlorophenol from aqueous solution using TiO2 thin films/alumina disc as photocatalyst by pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Shah S. Ismat , Mahmoud Sawsan A. , Bendary Samar H. , Aboulgheit Ahmed K. , Salem A. A. , Fouad Osama A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPulsed laser deposition facilitates the epitaxial deposition and growth of TiO2 at low temperature on hot substrate. In this study, nanosized nitrogen-doped TiO2 thin films were deposited on fabricated alumina disc-shaped and glass substrates. Textural properties of the fabricated disc and alumina disc-supported TiO2 were investigated using N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. FESEM showed the presence of single crystals of TiO2 on the alumina disc. FTIR showed the presence of octahedral TiO2 and different hydroxyl groups on the surface which is responsible for the photoactivity and also showed the functional groups adsorbed on the catalyst surface after the photocatalytic degradation. The concentration of 2-chlorophenol and the photo-redox intermediate products as a function of irradiation time was determined. The concentration of the produced chloride ion during the photocatalytic degradation was determined by an ion chromatography. The results showed that the photocatalytic activity of the catalyst decreased upon cycling. The obtained results were compared with nanostructured TiO2 supported on glass substrate. Higher efficiency of 100% degradation was achieved for TiO2/Al2O3 catalyst, whereas about 70% degradation of 2-CP was achieved using TiO2/glass. Different photointermediates of 2-CP degradation have been identified for each cycle. The difference of intermediates is supported by the adsorbed fragments on the catalyst surface.
Procrastination on social media: predictors of types, triggers and acceptance of countermeasures
Authors: Alblwi Abdulaziz , McAlaney John , Al Thani Dena Ahmed S. , Phalp Keith , Ali Raian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractProcrastination refers to the voluntary delay of urgent tasks and can have several negative consequences such as stress, health issues and academic under-achievement. Several factors including personality, culture and gender have been identified as predictors of procrastination, although there are some conflicting findings within the literature. Social networking sites have been identified as a possible facilitator of procrastination, in part due to their design features that encourage immersion and continual interaction. However, social networking sites also provide the opportunity for intelligent, real-time prevention and intervention strategies to be delivered that can reduce the experience of procrastination. In this paper, we build upon our research in which we used a mixed-method approach to explore the types, triggers and acceptance of countermeasures for procrastination on social media. Following a survey of 288 participants from the UK (n = 165) and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (n = 123), we conducted a series of multiple regression and binary logistic regression models to determine predictors of these factors. Several predictors such as self-control and conscientiousness were found to be significant predictors, but overall, the amount of variance explained by the regression models was relatively low. The results demonstrate that participants are receptive to countermeasures for procrastination being delivered through social networking sites but suggest that the predictors of procrastination related phenomena experienced in social networking sites are different than in offline settings.
On ‘being first’: the case for first-generation status in Australian higher education equity policy
Authors: Patfield Sally , Gore Jennifer , Weaver Natasha 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFor more than three decades, Australian higher education policy has been guided by a national equity framework focussed on six underrepresented target groups: Indigenous Australians, people from low socioeconomic status backgrounds, people from regional and remote areas, people with disabilities, people from non-English speaking backgrounds, and women in non-traditional areas of study. Despite bringing equitable access to the forefront of university agendas, this policy framework has fostered a somewhat narrow conceptualisation of how educational disadvantage should be addressed. Responding to calls for reform, this paper draws on survey data from 6492 students in NSW government schools to examine the extent to which a new category warrants inclusion in the national framework: first-generation status. We illustrate how being the first in a family to attend university brings distinct equity status and argue for a revision of the national equity framework to recognise and support students who are ‘first’.
UV-light photocatalytic degradation of non-ionic surfactants using ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Huszla K. , Wysokowski M. , Zgoła-Grześkowiak A. , Staszak M. , Janczarek M. , Jesionowski T. , Wyrwas B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of zinc oxide nanoparticles as a photocatalyst for photodegradation of two model non-ionic surfactants (Triton X-100 and C12E10). The first part of the investigation was focused on the synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles, since its crystalline structure strongly impacts its photocatalytic properties. Based on the results of the XRD analysis, it was concluded that the obtained material occurred in the form of hexagonal wurtzite with a polycrystalline structure. FT-IR and XPS analyses were used to elucidate and confirm the nanomaterial structure, whereas investigation of N2 adsorption/desorption and SEM/TEM imaging allowed to establish that the synthesized ZnO was characterized as a mesoporous material with uniform, spherical shape and particle size fluctuating between 90 and 130 nm. The second part of the study included spectrophotometric assessment of the photodegradation process. The use of the obtained ZnO nanoparticles allowed to achieve efficient photodegradation of both C12E10 (92%) and Triton X-100 (82%) after 1 h of UV irradiation. The Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism was used to describe the reaction kinetics. Subsequent LC-MS/MS analysis of the residues indicated that the degradation mechanism is most likely based on both central fission of the surfactant molecules with further terminal oxidation of poly(ethylene glycol) and terminal oxidation leading to carboxylic derivatives of surfactants.
H-convergence of a class of quasilinear equations in perforated domains beyond periodic setting
Authors: Haddadou Hamid 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we aim to study the asymptotic behavior (when$$\varepsilon \;\rightarrow \; 0$$ε→0) of the solution of a quasilinear problem of the form$$-\mathrm{{div}}\;(A^{\varepsilon }(\cdot ,u^{\varepsilon }) \nabla u^{\varepsilon })=f$$-div(Aε(·,uε)∇uε)=fgiven in a perforated domain$$\Omega \backslash T_{\varepsilon }$$Ω\Tεwith a Neumann boundary condition on the holes$$T_{\varepsilon }$$Tεand a Dirichlet boundary condition on$$\partial \Omega $$∂Ω. We show that, if the holes are admissible in certain sense (without any periodicity condition) and if the family of matrices$$(x,d)\mapsto A^{\varepsilon }(x,d)$$(x,d)↦Aε(x,d)is uniformly coercive, uniformly bounded and uniformly equicontinuous in the real variabled, the homogenization of the problem considered can be done in two steps. First, we fix the variabledand we homogenize the linear problem associated to$$A^{\varepsilon }(\cdot ,d)$$Aε(·,d)in the perforated domain. Once the$$H^{0}$$H0-limit$$A^{0}(\cdot ,d)$$A0(·,d)of the pair$$(A^{\varepsilon },T^{\varepsilon })$$(Aε,Tε)is determined, in the second step, we deduce that the solution$$u^{\varepsilon }$$uεconverges in some sense to the unique solution$$u^{0}$$u0in$$H^{1}_{0}(\Omega )$$H01(Ω)of the quasilinear equation$$-\mathrm{{div}}\;(A^{0}(\cdot ,u^{0})\nabla u )=\chi ^{0}f$$-div(A0(·,u0)∇u)=χ0f(where$$ \chi ^{0}$$χ0is$$L^{\infty }$$L∞weak$$^{\star }$$⋆limit of the characteristic function of the perforated domain). We complete our study by giving two applications, one to the classical periodic case and the second one to a non-periodic one.
Blocking of Stimulus Control in Children with Autism
Authors: Olaff Heidi Skorge , Vandbakk Monica , Holth Per 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate the blocking of stimulus control in three children with autism. We used a go/no-go procedure in a standard blocking paradigm. In Phase 1, we established one of two sounds or colored squares as a discriminative stimulus for touching a tablet screen. In Phase 2, a colored square was added to the sound or a sound was added to the colored square in a stimulus compound. The discrimination training continued as in Phase 1. We subsequently tested discriminative control by each of the single stimuli separately and by the compounds. Finally, after testing with no programmed consequences, we reestablished the original discrimination and replicated the test of stimulus control. The results support previous experiments by demonstrating that the establishment of discriminative control by a second stimulus by adding it to a previously established discriminative stimulus in a compound was blocked by the earlier discrimination training in all three participants. We discuss procedural details that may be critical to avoid the blocking of stimulus control in the applied field, particularly with respect to the acquisition of skills that involve multiple stimuli, such as joint attention, social referencing, and bidirectional naming.
Investigating Motivational and Cognitive Factors which Impact the Success of Engineering Students
Authors: Eichler Andreas , Gradwohl Julia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEngineering students particularly struggle with mathematics in the first year of their university studies. A result of these difficulties are high drop-out rates among the engineering students. There are various measures to support the students in their studies such as preparatory courses or bridging courses. The contribution of this research is to investigate the impact of certain factors on engineering students’ success in their first year of studies in a supportive environment which includes a preparatory course, tutorials, a bridging course and a drop-in centre. First, we ask how the students’ use of support measures impact the students’ success. Second, we clarify which affective, motivational and cognitive factors affect the students’ success in mathematics. Our further aim is to investigate the relationships between the factors that impact students’ success. We consider potential factors during the first year of studies. Our results suggest that particularly students’ mathematical abilities before the first semester and a support in tutorials during the first semester account for students’ success in the final exams in the first year of engineering studies.
Gateways to accessing powerful RE knowledge: a critical constructive analysis
Authors: Franck Olof 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article examines the conditions for designing an epistemologically grounded teaching about religions through an identification of what knowledge is central to the subject of Religious Education (RE). A starting point for the analysis is a discussion of Michael Young's well-known concept of powerful knowledge, as a possible platform for developing an approach for how a knowledge base in the subject could be identified. The concept of powerful knowledge is shown to be relevant for how epistemological perspectives can be considered in relation to an analysis of the subject's knowledge base. Such an analysis is carried out, and the concept of threshold concepts is introduced to develop a broader and sharper theoretical framework, at the same time as Young's approach becomes the subject of a more in-depth discussion. The presentation leads to a discussion of various considerations relevant to an analysis of how a powerful RE knowledge may be understood.
Edge strength of core drilled and waterjet cut holes in architectural glass
Authors: Sanders Kay , Bos Freek , ten Brincke Erwin , Belis Jan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn structural glass design, an often-applied connection is a bolted connection subjected to in-plane tensile loads. Traditionally, the hole in the glass pane is manufactured by core drilling and conical edge finishing. An alternative method is by waterjet cutting the holes, resulting in cylindrically shaped holes. This research compares the edge strength of core drilled and waterjet cut holes. It focuses on in-plane tensile tests and consists of an experimental part in combination with a numerical part. In the in-plane tensile tests, peak stresses occur perpendicular to the load direction. These stresses are found to be higher for waterjet cut holes (+ 13%) compared to core drilled holes. As a result, the characteristic ultimate load is lower for waterjet cut holes (− 16%). Furthermore, the influence of thermally toughening the glass is found to be more favourable for the characteristic ultimate load of specimens containing core drilled holes than it is for waterjet cut holes. Next to that, it was found that the ultimate load linearly increases with the panel thickness. Eccentric loading, caused by insufficient bushing material or rotation of the bolt, only slightly decreases the ultimate load, provided that no hard contact between bolt and glass occurs. In addition, coaxial double ring tests were performed in the hole area, showing that waterjet cut holes result in larger stresses near the hole edge than core drilled holes. Furthermore, waterjet cut holes are found not to be perfectly round, while drilled holes are. This un-roundness negatively influences the ultimate load and the stresses in the glass; the larger the extent of un-roundness, the higher the stresses and the lower the ultimate load. Also, the orientation of the un-round hole is of influence on the stresses and ultimate load for the tensile test. It is concluded that waterjet cut holes result in lower characteristic ultimate loads and higher stresses. Due to the different edge finishing, the ultimate load still is lower compared to core drilled holes, even if the waterjet cut holes are perfectly round.
Investigating the growth of AlGaN/AlN heterostructure by modulating the substrate temperature of AlN buffer layer
Authors: Aggarwal Neha , Krishna Shibin , Goswami Lalit , Jain Shubhendra Kumar , Pandey Akhilesh , Gundimeda Abhiram , Vashishtha Pargam , Singh Jasveer , Singh Sandeep , Gupta Govind 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe have investigated the impact of AlN buffer layer growth parameters for developing highly single crystalline AlGaN films. The low mobility of Al adatoms and high temperature for compound formation are amongst the major causes that affects the growth quality of AlGaN films. Thus, proper optimization need to be carried out for achieving high quality AlGaN due to an augmented tendency of defect generation compared to GaN films. Thus, growth conditions need to be amended to maximize the incorporation ability of adatoms and minimize defect density. So, this study elaborates the growth optimization of AlGaN/AlN/Si (111) heterostructure with varied AlN buffer growth temperature (760 to 800 °C). It was observed that the remnant Al in low temperature growth of AlN buffer layer resist the growth quality of AlGaN epitaxial films. A highly single crystalline AlGaN film with comparatively lowest rocking curve FWHM value (~ 0.61°) and smooth surface morphology with least surface defect states was witnessed when AlN buffer was grown at 780 °C. From the Vegard’s law, the photoluminescence analysis unveils Aluminium composition of 31.5% with significantly reduced defect band/NBE band ratio to 0.3. The study demonstrates good crystalline quality AlGaN film growth with Aluminium content variation between ~ 30–39% in AlGaN/AlN heterostructure on Si(111) substrate leading to a bandgap range which is suitable for next-generation solar-blind photodetection applications.
Utilization of induction furnace steel slag based iron oxide nanocomposites for antibacterial studies
Authors: Baalamurugan J. , Ganesh Kumar V. , Stalin Dhas T. , Taran S. , Nalini S. , Karthick V. , Ravi M. , Govindaraju K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMetals and metal oxide-based nanocomposites play a significant role over the control of microbes. In this study, antibacterial activity of iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanocomposites based on induction furnace (IF) steel slag has been carried out. IF steel slag is an industrial by-product generated from secondary steel manufacturing process and has various metal oxides which includes Al2O3 (7.89%), MnO (5.06), CaO (1.49%) and specifically Fe2O3 (14.30%) in higher content along with metalloid SiO2 (66.42). Antibacterial activity of iron oxide nanocomposites has been revealed on bacterial species such as Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Micrococcus luteus has undergone maximum zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 12 mm for 10 mg/mL concentration of steel slag iron oxide nanocomposite. Growth inhibitory kinetics of bacterial species has been studied using ELISA microplate reader at 660 nm by varying the concentration of steel slag iron oxide nanocomposites. The results illustrate that IF steel slag is a potential material and can be utilized in building materials to increase the resistance against biodeterioration.
Graphic abstract
Needs satisfaction and motivation among adolescent boys and girls during self‐directed learning intervention☆
Authors: Schweder Sabine , Raufelder Diana 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionSelf‐directed learning (SDL) fosters adolescents' needs satisfaction. According to self‐determination theory, meeting adolescents' needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness is essential for their motivation. However, students' needs satisfaction and motivation tend to decrease during adolescence and the rate of decrease varies by gender. Prior research within the self‐determination theory literature has described adolescents in traditional teacher‐directed learning (TDL) contexts, but little research has examined decreases in adolescents' needs satisfaction and motivation or gender‐based differences among adolescents in SDL interventions.MethodsThe present two‐wave study compared questionnaire data from German adolescent boys and girls (N = 754; Mage = 13.56; SD = 1.2; 49.4% girls) who attended an SDL intervention. To investigate possible gender‐based differences in the interplay and extend of the variables, two multi‐group structural equation model (multigroup SEM) and latent mean comparison (LMC) were programmed.Results & ConclusionsBoys reported higher values only for introjected and extrinsic regulation. With two different restricted multigroup SEMs, the present study detected additional gender‐based differences. For example, the paths between autonomy and intrinsic and identified motivation were stronger for boys than for girls, and competence was only associated with intrinsic motivation among girls. Overall, these findings suggest that fewer gender‐based differences exist in needs satisfaction and academic self‐regulation in an SDL intervention than have been observed in previous research in TDL contexts. Further, adolescents' needs satisfaction was explicitly associated with higher forms of academic motivation (i.e., intrinsic and identified).