bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Idiopathic and radiation-induced myxofibrosarcoma in the head and neck—case report and literature review
Authors: Zhang Bin , Bai Miao , Tian Runfa , Hao Shuyu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS), especially radiation-Induced MFS (RIMFS) in the head and neck, is an extremely rare malignant fibroblastic tumor. The diagnosis and treatment of MFS remain great challenges. In the present study, we presented one case of RIMFS. Combined with previous literature, the clinical features, essentials of diagnosis, and treatment modalities of MFS in the head and neck were reviewed to better understand this rare entity.

Case presentation
We reported a case of RIMFS under the left occipital scalp in a 20-year-old girl with a history of medulloblastoma surgery and radiotherapy in 2006. A total tumor resection was performed with preservation of the overlying scalp the underlying bone, and no adjuvant therapy was administered after the first operation. The postoperative pathological diagnosis was high-grade MFS. The tumor relapsed 6 months later, and then, a planned extensive resection with negative surgical margins was carried out, followed by radiotherapy. No relapse occurred in a 12-month postoperative follow-up.

Conclusions
Planned gross total resection (GTR) with negative margins is the reasonable choice and footstone of other treatments for MFS. Ill-defined infiltrated borders and the complicated structures make it a great trouble to achieve total resection of MFS in the head and neck, so adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy seem more necessary for these lesions.
Mining and crafting a game to teach research methodology
Authors: Marnewick Carl , Chetty Jacqui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGamification is used in various disciplines to elucidate complex problems. These disciplines are typically the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines. It is not known whether gamification can be used to teach research methodology. MinecraftEDU was used to create games to explain the various concepts within research methodology. The purpose was to force students to engage with the theory and literature and create a game based on their insights. An analysis of the students’ feedback indicates that they preferred this method to more traditional lectures. Although they experienced initial problems with the MinecraftEDU environment, the overall experience was perceived as positive. The results indicate that gamification can be used to teach research methodology, but more research is needed to determine how game elements can be incorporated into a research methodology game.
Typical curve with G1 constraints for curve completion
Authors: He Chuan , Zhao Gang , Wang Aizeng , Hou Fei , Cai Zhanchuan , Li Shaolin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a novel algorithm for planar G1 interpolation using typical curves with monotonic curvature. The G1 interpolation problem is converted into a system of nonlinear equations and sufficient conditions are provided to check whether there is a solution. The proposed algorithm was applied to a curve completion task. The main advantages of the proposed method are its simple construction, compatibility with NURBS, and monotonic curvature.
Coronavirus disease 19 and risk of hyperglycemia among Iraqi patients
Authors: Ad’hiah Ali H. , Al-Bayatee Noor T. , Ahmed Aeshah A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 213 patients with COVID-19 who did not have a clinical history of diabetes at hospital admission. One week after hospitalization, they were stratified by random blood glucose levels. It was found that 25.4, 22.5 and 52.1% of COVID-19 patients were classified as normoglycemia, prediabetes and diabetes, respectively. The study indicated that diabetes may be a risk factor for COVID-19 or the disease may be associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes.
Extrahepatic metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma on 18F FDG PET CT
Authors: Sarma Manjit , Padma Subramanyam , Pavithran Parvathy , Somasundaram Vijay Harish , Sundaram Palanisamy Shanmuga 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
To determine locations, relative frequencies, imaging features, and pattern of distribution of extrahepatic metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) PET CT.

Methods
FDG PET CT scans of 224 consecutive patients of HCC acquired between 2010 and 2018 were reviewed. Fifty-six patients detected with extrahepatic metastasis on FDG PET CT were retrospectively analyzed. Findings were correlated with prior/follow-up imaging studies, clinical findings, FNAC, or biopsy findings whenever available. Descriptive analysis of location, relative frequencies, imaging features, and pattern of distribution of extrahepatic metastasis was done.

Results
Commonest were metastatic pulmonary nodules (55.3% patients), most of them being well-defined solid lesions (53.5%) with bilateral involvement in 44.6% patients and lower lobes of lungs along with other lobes being more frequently involved (41.0% patients). While in 7.14% patients lung nodules were FDG avid, 23.2% patients had both FDG avid and non-avid pulmonary nodules. Second most common were regional metastatic lymph nodes in 44.65% of patients seen at aortocaval (25%), paraaortic (23.21%), portocaval (21.4%), and left gastric nodal (17.8% of patients) stations. Twenty-five percent of patients had FDG avid lymph nodes and 5.36% patients had both FDG avid and FDG non-avid lymph nodes. Distant metastatic lymph nodes were third most common in 39.2% of patients seen at paratracheal (2.5%), juxtaphrenic (8.9%), and mesenteric lymphnodal (7.1%) stations. Twenty-five percent of patients had FDG avid lymph nodes while 5.36% patients had both FDG avid and FDG non-avid lymph nodes. Skeletal involvement was seen in 32.1% of patients. Commonest sites are vertebrae (16.7%), pelvis (14.2%), and ribs (10.7% patients). Six out of 7 patients had unilateral adrenal gland involvement. Bilateral adrenal gland involvement was seen in 1 patient. FDG non-avid peritoneal/omental metastases was seen in 2 patients. Brain, spleen, and muscle metastatic lesions were seen in 1 patient each out of 56 patients (1.79%).

Conclusions
Lungs, regional and distant lymph nodes and skeleton are the most frequently involved sites of extrahepatic metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. Adrenal glands, muscles, brain and peritoneum are also involved but to a lesser extent.
A rare cause of postpartum vaginal bleeding
Authors: Tokur Oğuzhan , Aydın Sonay , Fatihoğlu Erdem , Gökharman Fatma Dilek 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Invasive mole is a trophoblastic disease (GTD) caused by trophoblast cells invading the myometrium during pregnancy. The GTD range also includes mole hydatidiform, choriocarcinoma, and placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT). Invasive moles are most common following molar pregnancies; however, they can even rarely occur after a full-term birth. Despite the fact that pathology is the only way to make a clear diagnosis, clinic and radiologic evaluation can be helpful. We wanted to highlight a rare incidence of invasive mole following a healthy full-term delivery in this case.

Case presentation
A 28-year-old female patient presented with intermittent prolonged severe vaginal bleeding for 2 weeks after a term healthy vaginal delivery. In workup, beta human chorionic gonadotropin levels (b-hCG) value was 7540 mIU/ml. After suspicion of gestational trophoblastic neoplasm (GTN), the patient was sent to ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). GTN was confirmed by radiological and clinical findings, and a conclusive diagnosis of an invasive mole was made histopathologically.

Conclusion
Invasive mole should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients with postpartum bleeding and a persistently high b-hCG level after a healthy term delivery.
Comparison between subtraction and dynamic MRI in assessing treatment response following radiofrequency ablation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Gabr Ahmed Elshenawy , Mikhael Hisham S. Wahba , El-Maadawy Samar M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide, and if left untreated, one of the most lethal. Ablative therapies including radiofrequency ablation (RFA) play increasingly important role for patients with liver tumors who are not surgical candidates. Monitoring treatment response following ablation is crucial in oncologic imaging. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI can assess changes in tumor vascularity and perfusion while subtraction imaging is useful in differentiating residual tumor from post-ablation parenchymal changes. The aim of this study is to compare the role of subtraction MRI and conventional dynamic MRI in assessing treatment response following RFA in patients with HCC.

Results
The study included 48 patients with 62 HCC lesions who underwent RFA from May to October 2020, followed by MRI evaluation with 1-month interval. Two readers with experience in hepatic imaging interpreted the dynamic and subtraction dynamic MRI. The hepatic focal lesions were classified into “well-ablated” and “residual” groups according to MRI findings, and the agreement between the two readers was evaluated. Using dynamic MRI, the first reader reported 38 well-ablated lesions, and the second reader agreed in 34 of them (89.5%). Residual disease was reported by the first reader in 22 lesions and the second reader disagreed in 10 of them (45.5%) where complete ablation was reported. Thirty-eight out 44 well-ablated lesions (86.4%) showed high signal intensity on non-enhanced T1 images, and 28 lesion (63.6%) showed intermediate T2 signal. All the mis-matched readings occurred in lesions with a high signal intensity in pre-contrast T1 images. Moderate agreement between the two readers was found with Kappa value of 0.467. Significant additive value of subtraction technique to dynamic MRI was detected with a P value of 0.009. No major complications recorded except for a single case of major portal vein branch occlusion.

Conclusion
MRI is a powerful imaging tool in assessing tumor viability and complications after RFA in patients with HCC. Dynamic MRI study is the gold standard in detecting recurrent lesions while subtraction technique is crucial in differentiating between arterial enhancement due to residual disease and normal hyperintense T1 signal of the ablation zone.
Risk stratification of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing trans arterial chemoembolization using an alpha-fetoprotein model
Authors: Eltabbakh Mohamed , Abdella Heba M. , Askar Safaa , Abuhashima Mohamed A. , Shaker Mohamed K. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. There are multiple factors that could affect the malignancy and progression of HCC including tumor number, size, and macrovascular invasion. The alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) model was validated as a predictor for HCC recurrence post-liver transplantation, especially in France. However, the AFP model has not been studied on patients with HCC undergoing locoregional treatment. This study aimed to assess the prognostic value of the AFP model in patients with HCC undergoing trans arterial chemoembolization (TACE). This cohort study was conducted at Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt. We included all newly diagnosed patients with HCC who were fit for TACE from January 2012 to January 2017. The AFP model was calculated for each patient before TACE. Subsequently, we classified them into low- and high-risk groups for TACE. The patients were followed up by AFP level and triphasic spiral CT performed 1 month after TACE to evaluate the response then at 4 months and 7 months post TACE to evaluate the local and distant recurrence.

Results
One hundred and thirty-two patients were included in the study. Complete response (CR) was achieved nonsignificantly at a higher percentage in the low-risk group in comparison with the high-risk group. One- and three-year recurrence-free survivals (RFS) were longer in the low-risk group in comparison with the high-risk group (50% and 24.1% vs. 29.1% and 16.2%, respectively). One- and three-year overall survival (OS) rates were 97% and 37.3% in the low-risk group vs. 98.1% and 11.6% in the high-risk group, respectively, without statistical significance. On classifying patients with AFP levels < 100 IU/mL into low- and high-risk patients, CR was achieved in a significantly higher percentage in the low-risk group in comparison with the high-risk group(P < 0.05). Recurrence occurred nonsignificantly in a less percentage in low than high-risk group. The median OS was significantly higher in the low-risk group in comparison with that in the high-risk group (18 vs. 16 months respectively) (P < 0.01).

Conclusion
The AFP model may have a prognostic value for patients with HCC undergoing TACE especially in patients with an AFP level < 100 IU/mL.
Radiological progression of extremity soft tissue sarcoma following pre-operative radiotherapy predicts for poor survival
Authors: Isaac Christian , Kavanagh John , Griffin Anthony Michael , Dickie Colleen I , Mohankumar Rakesh , Chung Peter W , Catton Charles N , Shultz David , Ferguson Peter C , Wunder Jay S 
Published: November 2021

Objectives:
To determine if radiological response to pre-operative radiotherapy is related to oncologic outcome in patients with extremity soft tissue sarcomas (STSs).

Methods:
309 patients with extremity STS who underwent pre-operative radiation and wide resection were identified from a prospective database. Pre- and post-radiation MRI scans were retrospectively reviewed. Radiological response was defined by the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours. Local recurrence-free, metastasis-free (MFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared across response groups.

Results:
Tumour volume decreased in 106 patients (34.3%; PR - partial responders), remained stable in 97 (31.4%; SD - stable disease), increased in 106 (34.3%; PD - progressive disease). The PD group were older (p = 0.007), had more upper extremity (p = 0.03) and high-grade tumours (p &lt; 0.001). 81% of myxoid liposarcomas showed substantial decrease in size. There was no difference in initial tumour diameter (p = 0.5), type of surgery (p = 0.5), margin status (p = 0.4), or complications (p = 0.8) between the three groups. There were 10 (3.2%) local recurrences with no differences between the three response groups (p = 0.06). 5-year MFS was 52.1% for the PD group vs 73.8 and 78.5% for the PR and SD groups, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). OS was similar (p &lt; 0.001). Following multivariable analysis, worse MFS and OS were associated with higher grade, larger tumour size at diagnosis and tumour growth following pre-operative radiation. Older age was also associated with worse OS.

Conclusion:
STS that enlarge according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumour criteria following pre-operative radiotherapy identify a high risk group of patients with worse systemic outcomes but equivalent local control.

Advances in knowledge:
Post-radiation therapy, STS enlargement may identify patients with potential for worse systemic outcomes but equivalent local control. Therefore, adjunct therapeutic approaches could be considered in these patients.
Radiation exposure in 101 non-coronary fluoroscopically guided interventional procedures: reference levels of air kerma at the reference point and air kerma area product
Authors: Li Xinhua , Hirsch Joshua Adam , Rehani Madan M. , Yang Kai , Marschall Theodore Alan , Liu Bob 
Published: November 2021

Objectives:
To present the median value and 75th percentile of air kerma at the reference point (Ka,r), air kerma-area product (KAP), and fluoroscopic time for a large number of fluoroscopically guided interventional (FGI) procedures.

Methods:
This retrospective study included the consecutive non-coronary FGI procedures from a Radiology department between May 2016 and October 2018 at a large tertiary-care hospital in the U.S. An in-house developed, semi-automated software, integrated with a dictation system, was used to record patient examination information, including Ka,r, KAP and fluoroscopic time. The included patient procedures were categorized into procedure types. A software package R (v. 3.5.1, R Foundation) was used to calculate procedure-specific quartiles of radiation exposure.

Results:
Based on analysis of 24,911 FGI cases, median value and 75th percentile are presented for each of Ka,r, KAP and fluoroscopic time for 101 procedures that can act as benchmark for comparison for dose optimization studies.

Conclusion:
This study provides reference levels ( 50th and 75th percentiles) for a comprehensive list of FGI procedures, reflecting an overall picture of the latest FGI studies for diagnosis, targeted minimally invasive intervention, and therapeutic treatment.

Advances in knowledge:
This study provides reference levels (50th and 75th percentiles) for the largest number of fluoroscopically guided interventional procedures reported to date (101 procedures), in terms of air kerma at the reference point, air kerma-area product, and fluoroscopic time, among which these quartiles for ≥50 procedures are presented for the first time.
Boesenbergia pandurata application in Goldfish (Cyprinus carpio) Feed to Enhancing Fish Growth, Immunity System, and Resistance to Bacterial Infection
Authors: Hardi Esti Handayani , Saptiani Gina , Nugroho Rudi Agung , Rahman fadlul , Sulistyawati Sulistyawati , Rahayu Widyaningsih , Supriansyah Ali , Kusuma Irawan Wijaya 
Published: November 2021

Background: This study investigated how the inclusion of Boesenbergia pandurata extract (BPE) in goldfish feed affects fish growth, immunity, and resistance to infection by Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Methods: Four fish feeds, were prepared by adding BPE at the concentrations of 0 (control), 2, 4, and 6 g kg-1, respectively, and 120 goldfish (Cyprinus carpio; initial weight 5 g) were separated into 12 boxes and fed with specific pellets and examined thrice. The experiment lasted 12 weeks, beginning with the different feeds, fish growth was measured at Weeks 4 and 8 after the feeding period. Moreover, a challenge test with pathogen bacteria to assay disease resistance was administered at Week 8 after the feeding period, and the survival rate and relative percentage of survival were quantified at Week 12. Results: At Week 8, the goldfish that were fed BPE-containing feeds were significantly heavier than the fish that received the control feed (pellet without BPE), and the highest weight gain, reaching 72.44 g, was obtained with Pellet 3; accordingly, the specific growth rate after BPE treatment (5.7%) was higher than that after control treatment. Conversely, the feed conversion ratio in the control group, 2.03, was higher than the ratios in the BPE groups, which were decreased to 0.55–0.90. Lastly, BPE treatment consistently enhanced the immunity parameters of goldfish (relative to control treatment) at weeks 4 and 8, and following BPE treatment, the rate of resistance against bacterial infection, 68.3%–77.0%, was higher than that after control treatment. Conclusions: BPE addition in goldfish feed clearly produces a positive effect by enhancing fish growth, immunity, and resistance to infection by pathogenic bacteria, and 4 g kg-1 is the optimal BPE concentration in feed prepared for goldfish.
Inequality and migration in Kenya: Investigating the subnational associations using census data
Authors: Muyonga Mary , Otieno Alfred , Odipo George 
Published: November 2021

Background: Since the early 2000s, there has been an extensive debate on whether migration and inequality are interlinked, with varying conclusions arising from methodological as well as theoretical dispositions. The aim of this study is to contribute to this debate by exploring the nexus between several dimensions of inequalities and migration in Kenya. Methods: This study used the subnational(county) data on inequalities and migration in Kenya obtained from several reports. Four explanatory variables including access to water, electricity, composite index of County Human Development Index (County HDI) and County Gini were used. Our dependent variable was migration intensity, measured by the Revised Weighted Net Migration Rate. Correlation and spatial regression analysis were performed to model the relationship between migration and inequality. Results: Findings revealed that migration had a non-linear relationship with income inequality, such that a change in one unit of migration intensity results in a 567 negative change in County Gini. The County Gini had the highest explanatory power in our model, although counties with high HDI tend to have higher migration intensities. Migration intensities in the country were not randomly distributed as we found evidence of spatial clustering with two key emergent hotspots, a high-high in the lake region and a low-low in the coastal region. Regions with low migration intensities correspond with higher poverty, implying that structural factors may explain the migration intensities in the country. Conclusions: The study highlights that the subnational income inequality reduces as migration intensifies. We conclude that migration has an equalizing effect on inequality as observed in some studies. Regions with high poverty tend to have lower migration intensity, implying that structural factors are important in influencing migration. Use of migration intensity and application of spatial analysis have improved our understanding of migration and inequality, and should be applied in future research.
RETRACTED: Effect of the solid retention time in the obtention of polyhydroxyalkanoates [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]
Authors: Calero Rolando , Martínez Manuel 
Published: November 2021

At the request of the authors, the article titled "Effect of the solid retention time in the obtention of polyhydroxyalkanoates" [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]. F1000Research 2021, 10:864 (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.28852.1) has been retracted from F1000Research. Since publication of the article, the corresponding author has notified the Editorial team that this work was originally performed at University of A Coruña with the involvement of María C. Veiga and Christian Kennes, who were not notified regarding the submission of this manuscript or listed as authors. After discussion with all parties, including contact with the corresponding author’s institution, it was agreed that the article would be retracted in order to correct the academic record. As the article contains content which potentially should not have been made publicly available the content of the article has been removed. The authors apologise for this honest error.