bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water Scarcity, Mountain Deforestation and the Economic Value of Water in a Small-Scale Irrigation System: A Case Study in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Budiman Subhan Arif , Rondhi Mohammad , Khasan Ahmad Fatikhul , Peratama Bagus , Rokhani  , Suwandari Anik , Ridjal Julian Adam , Soemarno  , Prijono Sugeng , Soedarto  
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the willingness of farmers to pay for small-scale irrigation (SSI) and its determinants. Additionally, this study analysed the physical water availability in the study area using 16 years’ (2004–2019) historical data of streamflow, rainfall and forest cover change. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from 100 farmers. A contingent valuation method was employed to elicit farmers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for irrigation water. The results show that the average WTP of farmers is US$ 215.84/ha/year. It accounts for 20% of farm revenue and is almost 20 times the water fee in large-scale irrigation systems. The study area experienced significant deforestation in the last two decades suffering a decrease of 11.72% of forest cover. It decreases the amount of stored rainwater and decreases the streamflow causing water scarcity during the dry season. Farm size, farmer income, distance to a small dam and usage of water-pump are the significant determinants. The results indicate that water scarcity caused by poor infrastructure increases the economic value of water in a SSI system.
TRANSITIONING TO ONLINE TEACHING IN AN UNDERGRADUATE APPLIED ENGINEERING COURSE
Authors: Mortazavi Pedram , Zhong Chiyun , Christopoulos Constantin 
Published: July 2021

The online teaching framework presented in this paper was developed for a third-year engineering design course at the University of Toronto, with more than 100 students located in 8 different time zones. The study was inspired by the pressing challenge faced by educators around the world in 2020 to fully transition to online teaching in a limited time, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Different facets of the course were restructured to enhance the learning experience of students, overcome the challenges associated with online instruction, and implement active learning techniques in the course whenever possible. This initiative included the development of interactive course notes and a course map, with links to videos, 3D models, asynchronous lectures, and short video explanations. Several online paltforms were used in the framework, which are discussed in detail. The proposed framework provided an alternative to achieve the desired teaching outcomes in an online teaching environment for an engineering design course which had always been taught in-person prior to the year 2020. Despite the inherent challenges of this transition to online teaching, this format allowed for active learning activities in the course, promoting learner-centered teaching, and strengthening the students’ collaborative skills. Elements of the framework and the methodology outlined in this paper could be useful for other engineering courses attempting an effective transition to online instruction.
A LAB TASK GROUP FOR REVIEW AND CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT OF THIRD AND FOURTH-YEAR LABORATORY COURSES
Authors: Torvi David , Noble Scott , Bitner Doug , Fauchoux Melanie , Peace Rob , Retzlaff Rick , Oguocha Ike , Reitenbach Hayden 
Published: July 2021

Since the mid-1980’s, the mechanical engineering program at the University of Saskatchewan has included three core third and fourth-year lab courses, each of which consists of 9-10 individual labs. In 2015 a task group was set up to review these courses, including deliverables, scheduling and links to material in corecourses. Since this time, the task group has taken on the major responsibility for continuous improvement of the lab program, including reviewing student evaluations, making changes to labs, and recommending equipment purchases. The task group has also been responsible for a major redesign of the lab program, which will improve delivery and scheduling of labs, alignment with core courses, workload of students, and experience gained by graduate teaching assistants. Smaller apparatus have been designed and built in-house to allow students to gain additional hands-on experience. Labs have been designed to build on one another in order to systematically improve students’ general laboratory skills, including the use of data acquisition systems and experimental design. This new approach was used for the first time in ME 328 in 2019-20. This paper will focus primarily on the role of the task group in continuous improvement, and the lab program redesign. The new ME 328 course is described, along with lessons learned from the first offering. The task group’s role in moving to remote labs during COVID-19 is also discussed.
NON-MEDICAL MASKS: OPPORTUNITIES FOR STANDARDS EDUCATION AND ONLINE DESIGN PROJECTS
Authors: Torvi David 
Published: July 2021

While engineering students gain some experience in the use of codes and standards, some may not be exposed to the process used to develop standards, or the history of individual standards. A number of resources on standard development are available to instructors, and knowing the history of a standard will aid in understanding its potential limitations when used in design. This paper will outline how the process of developing standard test methods for non-medical masks during the COVID-19 pandemic can be used as a case study in design courses. Potential online projects and assignments related to testing of these masks are described, including considerations of material performance, comfort and functional fit, along with examples of analysis that students could perform. Sample fabric tests that use readily-available supplies to measure water resistance are described to illustrate how assignments and projects could be completed by studentsremotely in an online course.
TIPSHEETS FOR TEACHING GRADUATE ATTRIBUTES IN AN ONLINE ENVIRONMENT: FACULTY SUPPORT THAT IS ACCESSIBLE, CURRENT, RELEVANT, AND TANGIBLE
Authors: Parker Anita M. , Dyck Nicole , Carey Jason P. 
Published: July 2021

Evidence-based teaching strategies (EBTs) are connected to positive outcomes for students. Engineering instructors are tasked with using EBTs to scaffold student mastery of graduate attributes, now amidstan upsurge in online, remote course delivery. The Graduate Attribute Tipsheet Series developed by theFaculty of Engineering at the University of Alberta provides instructors with current, relevant, and tangibleinformation in a succinct format that is mindful of their high workloads and time constraints. The tipsheet less-is more development process was careful and iterative to ensure only the most important, useful points from high quality, credible sources were included. Lessons learned from this initiative can be applied to future resources that support instructors in their use of EBTs in an online learning context and are responsive to the inevitable flux of teaching circumstances in engineering education.
STRIVING FOR TEACHING EXCELLENCE IN REMOTE COURSE DELIVERY: AN INTRANET RESOURCE HUB FOR ENGINEERING FACULTY
Authors: Parker Anita M. , Dyck Nicole , Carey Jason P. 
Published: July 2021

Teaching online in higher education is a complex integration of educational technologies, good pedagogical practices, and content knowledge. Concerns and resistance by instructors may be fueled by lack ofunderstanding and resources, to which faculty administration can respond with targeted, ongoing communication and education. A faculty intranet initiative within the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Alberta was created to support instructors amidst their efforts to prepare and deliver online, remote versions of their courses for the Fall 2020 term. The intranet infrastructure was well-suited for the relevant, timely, and tailored digital resources specific to engineering content and circumstances. Beyond the COVID-19 pandemic, it is intended for the intranet to grow into a collaborative virtual space where users can share their knowledge, experience, and insights to build a community of practice.
A new method for determining the cholinesterase activity
Authors: Blazheyevskіy Mykola Ye. , Koval’ska Olena V. , Diadchenko Vladislav V. 
Published: July 2021

Aim. To develop a principally new method, which would allow achieving the necessary accuracy and reproducibility of the analysis results, for determining the activity of the blood cholinesterase; to create safe working conditions when performing the analysis.
Results and discussion. The kinetic method proposed for determining the activity of cholinesterase consists in photometric measurement of the rate of the enzymatic hydrolysis of the acetylcholine substrate (by its residue) in the phosphate buffer using p-phenetidine as an indicator. The rate of the enzymatic hydrolysis of acetylcholine was determined by the tangent of the inclination angle of the linear part of the kinetic curve in the А–t coordinates at a wavelength of 358 nm. The linear dependence of the conditional reaction rate (tgα) on the enzyme concentration was observed in the concentration range of 0.12 – 0.36 mg/mL. Metrological characteristics of the method developed were: RSD = 2.0 % (n = 5; P = 0.95), correctness 0.4 %. These values indicate that the method for determining the activity of blood cholinesterase is sensitive, reliable and reproducible.
Experimental part. The experiments on determining the rate of the enzymatic hydrolysis were repeated three times with a specific concentration of the enzyme. Using the data obtained the kinetic curves were constructed in the А–t coordinates; on their basis the tangents of the angles of inclination in min-1 were calculated. The calibration graph was constructed using the average values of the tangents of the angles of inclination, which corresponded to a certain concentration of the solution of the working standard sample of the enzyme. The equation of the calibration dependence of tgα-enzyme concentration was calculated by the method of least squares and found to be tgα (min-1) = –0.17с + 9.13 (r = 0.999).
Conclusions. As a result of the studies conducted, a new method for determining the activity of the cholinesterase enzyme has been developed. The method is characterized by a high sensitivity, reliability and reproducibility and provides safe working conditions when performing the analysis.
Digital platforms as the dominant vector of the global labor market development
Authors: Petrovskaya N. E. 
Published: July 2021

The article considers digital labor platforms – virtual spaces where the organization of labor is carried out and social relations are formed according to certain rules. The study uses logical, economic-statistical and systematic methods of cognition. The COVID-19 pandemic has created additional impulses to increase the workforce employed using digital labor platforms. In fact, digital platforms have developed their own business model and have begun to form the dominant vector of development of the global labor market. The platforms carry both employment opportunities and challenges. Employment does not always save millions of workers from extreme poverty.The author highlights the lack of social guarantees, including hospital, medical and other types of insurance, including pension plans as one of the key problems of employment on digital labor platforms. To a large extent, the platforms rely on the labor of employees who are classified as “self-employed” or “independent contractors”, but not “employed workers”. This is one of the fundamental shifts that has far-reaching implications for the future of work. The transformation of labor relations is of long-term nature and requires the creation of new mechanisms that ensure the interaction of the parties to labor relations and their representatives in the new economic reality.
A mudança do imaterial
Authors: Pinheiro Della Giustina Caio 
Published: July 2021

Stefano Quintareli (italiano, empreendedor, ativista, ex-deputado da República Italiana) discute as mudanças sociais e econômicas que o advento do mundo virtual proporcionou Ã contemporaneidade. O autor rejeita a ideia de que o mundo virtual exista em oposição ao mundo real, por isso ele prefere chamar esse universo de imaterial. A obra também discorre sobre como as sociedades democráticas modernas estão pouco amparadas e preparadas para lidar com as mudanças que surgem a partir do imaterial. Frente a todas essas mudanças que o imaterial traz para as sociedades, há uma urgência de compreender os novos tipos de economia gerada pela imaterialidade, bem como identificar os desafios que hoje existem por conta dela.
Proposta curricular e avaliação da alfabetização no Espírito Santo
Authors: Campos Silva Dulcinéa , Gontijo Cláudia Maria Mendes 
Published: July 2021

Este artigo objetiva analisar as bases teóricas da proposta curricular implementada no Espírito Santo, na década de 1970, para atender aos princípios da inovação do ensino preconizados na nova Lei nº 5. 692/71. Focaliza aspectos do currículo voltados para a alfabetização e, principalmente, o modelo de avaliação da aprendizagem adotado com a finalidade de verificar a efetividade do currículo no que diz respeito Ã elevação dos índices de aprovação e sua adequação aos níveis de desenvolvimento cognitivo das crianças. Caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa documental, pois analisa documentos/textos produzidos no período. Conclui, a partir da análises, que a avaliação serviu para conformar um modelo de organização do ensino aprendizagem e, apesar de ter auxiliado a verificação da efetividade do currículo, tanto o currículo como a avaliação não contribuíram para diminuir significativamente os índices de evasão e repetência nas escolas públicas capixabas.
John Dewey
Authors: Galter Maria Inalva , Favoreto Aparecida 
Published: July 2021

Examina-se a concepção de democracia de John Dewey em relação Ã sua perspectiva de sociedade e escola em Democracia e educação. Postula-se que o autor respondia aos problemas humanos decorrentes da industrialização, urbanização, imigração, do progresso científico e tecnológico que marcaram a sociedade burguesa, em especial os Estados Unidos da América, nas décadas finais do século XIX e iniciais do século XX. Para Dewey, a escola cumpria papel importante na formação e influia no desenvolvimento de atitudes intelectuais de iniciativa, capacidade de reflexão, espírito livre e responsabilidade social. Enfim, para o autor, tais atitudes favoreceriam maior intercâmbio e comunicação que contribuíram para a promoção da democracia.
A Educação de Jovens e Adultos e a BNCC do Ensino fundamental
Authors: Cerqueira de Araújo Gilvan Charles , Bitencourt da Silva Leda Regina , Da Ponte e Sousa Sena Lilian Cristina 
Published: July 2021

Este artigo objetiva apresentar uma ponte conceitual, prática e metodológica entre a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) do Ensino Fundamental e os 1º e 2º Segmentos da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA). Por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica e da revisitação do currículo da EJA, realizado no âmbito da Diretoria de Educação de Jovens e Adultos, da Secretaria de Estado de Educação do Distrito Federal, construiu-se um referencial articulado Ã s etapas da Educação Básica, suas aprendizagens essenciais nos componentes curriculares da BNCC e Ã s especificidades da escolarização dos sujeitos que compõem a EJA. Apresentam-se possibilidades para uma construção curricular dialógica, propositiva e ressignificada das prescrições da BNCC ”“ Ensino Fundamental para a EJA.
O Conselho Geral como antinomia do regime de autonomia da escola pública
Authors: Pereira Ramalho Henrique Manuel 
Published: July 2021

É analisada a relação suscetível de ocorrer entre a descentralização das políticas educativas, a autonomia das escolas e as atribuições formais do Conselho Geral, visando, no âmbito do atual regime de gestão escolar, interpretar a relação estabelecida entre o argumento da descentralização das políticas educativas, as insinuações macro discursivas associadas Ã ideia da autonomização da escola pública e as dinâmicas formalmente cometidas ao Conselho Geral. A este órgão não é agregada a prerrogativa da descentralização do Sistema, abreviando o sentido da autonomia das escolas na possibilidade de se apresentar com uma vocação para interpretar e implementar o que é centralmente decidido.
Uma história das mobilizações das medidas no contexto das finalidades de Desenho
Authors: De Andrade Trindade Deoclecia , Guimarães Marcos Denilson 
Published: July 2021

Sob a perspectiva da história da educação matemática, este texto apresenta os resultados de um estudo que teve como questão norteadora discutir como as medidas podem ter sido mobilizadas no contexto das finalidades de ensino de Desenho para o curso primário paulista, no período de 1890-1950. Para isso, tomaram-se como base para análise os programas de ensino de São Paulo promulgados Ã época e os resultados apresentados pelas pesquisas de Guimarães (2017) e Trindade (2018). Nesse sentido, orientaram a análise os referenciais teórico-metodológicos da história cultural. Pelo exame, a mobilização das medidas ligada ao contexto das finalidades de ensino de Desenho, de modo a garantir a representação de desenhos geométricos e/ou do natural, se dava prioritariamente e implicitamente com ênfase numa medida intuitiva, conferida e associada ao desenvolvimento de habilidades manual e visual, seja ligada Ã reprodução de figuras geométricas, seja Ã cópia de modelos da natureza e/ou manufaturados.
LOCAL TECHNOLOGIC CAPABILITIES DETERMINES THE ELAPSED TIME FROM IDEA TO MARKET AND PROFITABLE USAGE
Authors: Popa-Simil Liviu 
Published: July 2021

It is well-known that the actual electric light does not originate in continuous enhancements in candle technology, Harari (1981) and required completely new people to study the phenomenon and develop the technology, having appropriate knowledge, equipment and market. There are revolutionary, “dis- ruptive” ideas that dye after patenting, mainly in USA, because local abundance of manufacturing technologies are missing and markets are unprepared to use the resulted products. This briefly may be stated that most of technologies are developed and consumed in about the same place and civilization, because in that area the population is aware of the importance of novel technologies, prepared to use, and provides all the needed resources to propel the idea to market in the shortest time, contributing to the welfare of society and its intelligent self-governance. In order to stimulate creativity and inventions, the local organizations have to provide centers for innovation that come at a cost barrier, in order to be proficient.
Prevalence of feline viral leukemia in Moscow and the Moscow Oblast with the analysis of hematological and biochemical blood parameters
Authors: Zenchenkova A. P. 
Published: July 2021

Feline viral leukemia is an infectious disease that is common throughout the world. Despite the statistical records that have been successfully kept in other countries for many years, there is little data on the prevalence of the infection in the Russian Federation, and the samples are represented by a small number of animals. 11,807 blood samples collected in Moscow and the Moscow Oblast were tested for FeLV antigen and antibodies against FeLV by polymerase chain reaction, enzyme immunoassay, and immunochromatographic assay. The prevalence of feline viral leukemia was 12.8%, which correlates with the prevalence of the disease detected in developing countries, and speaks of a high disease prevalence in domestic cats in Moscow and the Moscow Oblast. Most often, feline leukemia virus was detected in free roaming domestic cats. During the diagnostic studies, the following hematological abnormalities were found: anemia, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, and a shift of the leukocyte formula to the left. Biochemical blood tests showed the increased levels of total protein, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and C-reactive protein. The obtained data demonstrate non-specific hematological and biochemical abnormalities in infected cats, and dictate the need for further study of the risk factors that predispose cats to the infection with this viral disease. Feline viral leukemia should be suspected in case of a non-specific clinical picture, as well as in case of abnormalities in blood biochemical and hematological parameters of free roaming cats or of those which have had a confirmed contact with their conspecifics.
Analysis of marker substitutions in A/chicken/Astrakhan/2171-1/2020 H5N8 isolate of avian influenza virus recovered in the Astrakhan Oblast
Authors: Zinyakov N. G. , Andriyasov A. V. , Ovchinnikova Ye. V. , Kozlov A. A. , Zhestkov P. D. , Andreychuk D. B. , Chvala I. A. 
Published: July 2021

At the end of 2020, a large-scale bird death was registered at one of the poultry farms in the Astrakhan region, the cause of which was avian influenza. Data on detection of the marker substitutions in viral proteins of avian influenza virus A/chicken/Astrakhan/2171-1/2020 isolate are presented in the paper. Type A Н5N8 avian influenza virus was identified with complex PCR-based methods in the submitted samples. Hemagglutinin gene fragment sequencing identified REKRRKR/ GLF, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus isolate-characteristic amino acid sequence of the hemagglutinin cleavage site. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of hemagglutinin gene segment (848–1105 bp ORF) allowed A/chicken/Astrakhan/2171-1/2020 H5N8 isolate to be classified to highly pathogenic avian influenza virus genetic clade 2.3.4.4. Comparative analysis of genome segments using available databases showed that A/chicken/Astrakhan/2171-1/2020 H5N8 virus related to А/Н5 avian influenza virus isolates detected in the Russian Federation in 2016–2020. Analysis of the studied virus isolate hemagglutinin amino acid identified AIV-characteristic G225QRG228amino acids in the receptor-binding domain of the protein enabling high-affinity binding to avian epithelial cell SAα-2,3- gal receptors. Single mutations, 70G in NEP protein and 13Р in PB1 protein, out of the list of the reported influenza virus mutations affecting successful influenza virus replication in mammals were identified. No mutations affecting virus sensitivity to anti-viral medicines, rimantadin, amantadine, oseltamivir and zanamivir, were detected. The following mutations recognized as pathogenicity determinants in mice were found: 42S in the NS1 protein and 30D protein 215A in M1 protein.
Aspectos do processo de iniciação da carreira docente no estágio supervisionado de licenciandos em Química
Authors: Pena Graziele Borges de Oliveira , Aparecida Lanzoni Zanetoni Valéria , Santos Véras Nathália 
Published: July 2021

Este artigo discute a importância de se considerarem as vivências do estágio supervisionado com algumas características do processo de iniciação na carreira docente e de suas implicações para a formação e o desenvolvimento profissional. A pesquisa se baseou no estudo de caso desenvolvido, que acompanhou nove licenciandos durante o estágio supervisionado, os quais participaram de um programa de inserção à docência e receberam apoio pessoal e profissional pautado em estratégias e demandas que o processo requer. Os participantes do estudo evidenciaram, como na literatura, algumas das dificuldades vivenciadas por professores em início de carreira, além disso, o acompanhamento identificou uma situação que poderia ser traumática, ao desencadear o abandono do curso e da carreira docente. É importante, pois, que aqueles que estejam envolvidos no estágio supervisionado conheçam os pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos da fase de iniciação na carreira docente.