bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for Determination of Tigecycline in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage form
Authors: Bhavyasri K. , Mounika C. H. , Vallakeerthi Narmada , Sumakanth M. 
Published: August 2021

Aims: To develop and validate a new, simple, rapid, precise and accurate Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for the quantitative determination of Tigecycline in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form.
Study Design:
Place and Duration of the Study: RBVRR women's college of pharmacy, Barkatpura, Hyderabad, between june 2019 and july 2020.
Methodology: The RP-HPLC method was developed on Sunsil C18 150 mm x 4.6mm x 5µ column using acetonitrile : water (pH maintained at 3.5 with acetic acid) [70:30] as mobile phase at flow rate 0.8 ml/min and UV detection at 250 nm.
Results: Tigecycline exhibited linearity over the concentration range of 5-40 µg/mL (R2 > 0.999). The analytical method showed good precision with % RSD below 2. The method showed suitable accuracy and robustness.
Conclusion: Validation of the developed method was done as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) Q2R1 guidelines.
Pilot Study to Test Efficacy of Sira Vedha in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Sawarkar Gaurav , Sawarkar Punam , Desai Priti , Tiwari Madhulika 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Sushruta said that the Sira Vedha (phlebotomy) at Dakshin Kurpara Sandhi (Right Elbow Joint) as a therapy for Yakrit Vikara (Liver Diseases). Modern science also on the same page that phlebotomy treatment for some liver diseases but did not mention the exact site for phlebotomy. Similarly, there is variation in the withdrawal of blood and time duration, every research study indicating different quantity to be withdrawn and the interval between two sessions. In the context of Ayurveda, both the things mentioned earlier are mentioned well in advance. Still, because of a lack of clinical evidence, one cannot confidently practice it in routine exercise. Thus, there is a need to validate Sushruta's principle with clinical evidence for liver diseases.
Methodology: Twenty eligible patients who had Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Grade I/II were enrolled in the pilot study and randomly allotted for control (group A) and trial group (group B). Obtained written informed consent, each patient's blood serum was taken for aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALK-P), and lipid profile. Then, group A patients were advised only diet alterations. Group B patients underwent diet alteration and Sira Vedha (phlebotomy) with 65 cc blood three times by the interval of 15 days. Before every phlebotomy, checked hemoglobin for safety purposes to discontinued the patient. The blood sample was taken before recruitment in the study and after the last follow-up, i.e., the 60th.
Day—observation & Results: Compared the serum values of the first and final follow-up. Twenty patients (12 males and eight females) were enrolled, and the mean average age was 34.8 ± 7.84 years. This pilot study suggested that there was the improvement in liver enzymes and lipid profile significantly (P < 0.050) in group B compared to group A. Still, the changes that occurred with the treatment are not good enough to exclude the possibility that the difference was due to chance or because of small sample size. So, we can conclude that phlebotomy can improve liver enzymes and lipid profiles in patients with NAFLD.
The Establishment of an Optimal Protocol for Contrast-Enhanced Micro-Computed Tomography in the Cloudy Catshark Scyliorhinus torazame
Authors: Ito Takaomi , Furuya Masaru , Sasai Kazumi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal imaging protocol for contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) using micro-CT (μ-CT) for the posterior cardinal vein (PCV), dorsal aorta (DA), hepatic portal vein (HPV), kidney, liver, cephalic arteries (CAs), and gills of Cloudy Catsharks Scyliorhinus torazame. Additionally, we examined the availability of CECT screening for the coelomic organs. Different doses of iopamidol (100, 300, 500, and 700 mg iodine [mgI]/kg) were administered intravenously for 20 s in six sharks. The CT scans from the pectoral girdle to the pelvic girdle were performed at 0–600 s after administration. Contrast-enhanced CT imaging of the CAs, gills, and coelomic organs was examined. Assessment of the signal enhancement value revealed that the PCV was easily visualized with all contrast doses at 25 s. The CAs, gills, and DA were visible at a slightly higher dose (CAs and gills: 200 mgI/kg at 40 s; DA: 300 mgI/kg at 50 s). The HPV was obvious at a dose of at least 500 mgI/kg after a 150-s delay. The parenchyma of the kidney had a contrast effect at 300 mgI/kg, 150 s after the contrast effect of the renal portal system disappeared. The liver, which stores a lot of lipids, had poor overall contrast enhancement that was optimized at the highest dose of 700 mgI/kg. Contrast-enhanced CT screening at 700 mgI/kg and 150 s is likely to obtain the optimal imaging of the reproductive organs, such as the ovary, oviducal gland, uterus, and testis. The present findings can be applied not only to clinical practice but also to academic research and education on elasmobranchs in aquariums.
Development and Validation of a Juvenile Spondyloarthritis Disease Flare Measure: Ascertaining Flare in Patients With Inactive Disease
Authors: Weiss Pamela F. , Brandon Timothy G. , Ryan Meghan E. , Treemarcki Erin B. , Armendariz Stephanie , Wright Tracey B. , Godiwala Chetna , Stoll Matthew L. , Xiao Rui , Lovell Daniel 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveOur objective was to develop and validate a composite disease flare definition for juvenile spondyloarthritis (SpA) that would closely approximate the clinical decision made to reinitiate or not reinitiate systemic therapy after therapy de‐escalation.MethodsRetrospective chart reviews of children with SpA who underwent systemic therapy de‐escalation of biologic or conventional disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs were used to develop and validate the flare outcome. Data on independent cohorts for development (1 center) and validation (4 centers) were collected from large tertiary health care systems. Core measure thresholds and candidate disease flare outcomes were assessed using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPVs) and negative predictive values (NPVs), and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC), with physician assessment of active disease plus re‐initiation of standard dose of systemic therapy as the reference standard.ResultsOf the candidate definitions, clinically meaningful worsening in ≥3 of the following 5 core measures performed best: caregiver/patient assessment of well‐being; physician assessment of disease activity; caregiver/patient assessment of pain, physical function, and active joint count. The ROC AUC was 0.91, PPV 87.5%, NPV 98.1%, sensitivity 82.4%, and specificity 98.7%. Cronbach's α was 0.81, signifying internal consistency, and factor analysis demonstrated that the outcome measured 1 construct. The Juvenile SpA Flare measure had face validity according to 21 surveyed pediatric rheumatologists. Juvenile SpA Flare had an ROC AUC of 0.85, a PPV of 92.3%, and an NPV of 96.8% in the validation cohort.ConclusionThere is initial support for the validity of the Juvenile SpA Flare measure as a tool to identify disease flare in juvenile SpA patients de‐escalating therapy, and the measure is potentially applicable in clinical practice, observational studies, and therapeutic trials.
Identifying Content Themes in Primary Care Physician and Rheumatologist Communications Within Electronic Consultations: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Lee Jeanie , Rikin Sharon , Jain Ruchi 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveElectronic consultation (eConsult) communications between primary care physicians (PCPs) and rheumatologists may reveal common knowledge gaps and educational opportunities. The aim of our study was to identify content themes in PCP questions and rheumatology recommendations through analysis of eConsult and the need for rheumatology appointments and facilitated urgent visits post‐eConsult.MethodsA descriptive cross‐sectional study involving qualitative and quantitative analysis of rheumatology eConsults in a single center was performed from May 1, 2019, to January 9, 2020. Conventional content analysis was used to derive content themes in PCP questions and rheumatology recommendations. We evaluated the proportion of eConsults, which included a need for rheumatology appointments and expedited visits through frequency counts.ResultsAmong 120 rheumatology eConsults, six PCP questions and five rheumatology recommendation content themes were identified. The most common PCP question themes were the following: 1) joint pain, 2) suspected rheumatic disease differential, and 3) abnormal laboratory tests. The most common rheumatology recommendation or teaching themes were the following: 1) education on differential diagnoses of rheumatic diseases, 2) education on the specific rheumatic disease, and 3) laboratory test interpretation. The majority of eConsults (82%) recommended a subsequent rheumatology appointment, and 27% facilitated an expedited appointment.ConclusionIn this analysis of eConsults, we identified common knowledge gaps in PCPs and rheumatology educational topics, including differentiating inflammatory from noninflammatory arthritis, using caution in interpreting abnormal laboratory tests without clinical manifestations, managing chronic gout, evaluating elevated creatine phosphokinase levels, and differentiating C‐reactive protein (CRP) from high‐sensitivity CRP. Timely feedback through eConsult recommendations may allow for focused educational opportunities.
Dopant Engineering for Spiro‐OMeTAD Hole‐Transporting Materials towards Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Seo Ji‐Youn , Akin Seckin , Zalibera Michal , Preciado Marco A. Ruiz , Kim Hui‐Seon , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Milić Jovana V. , Grätzel Michael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOne of the most prominent hole‐transporting material (HTM) for hybrid perovskite solar cells has been 2,2″,7,7″‐tetrakis[N,N‐di(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino]‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐OMeTAD), which is commonly doped with metal bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (M(TFSI)n) salts that contribute to generating the active radical cation HTM species. The underlying role of the metal cation, however, remains elusive. Here, the effect of metal cations (M = Li, Zn, Ca, Cu, and Sc) on doping spiro‐OMeTAD is analyzed by a combination of techniques, including electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry, which is complemented by photovoltaic device and hole mobility analysis. As a result, the authors reveal the superiority of Zn(TFSI)2 salts in device performances as compared to the others, including redox‐active Cu(TFSI)2. This analysis thereby unravels new design principles for dopant engineering in HTMs for hybrid perovskite photovoltaics.
Amino Acid‐Induced Interface Charge Engineering Enables Highly Reversible Zn Anode
Authors: Lu Haotian , Zhang Xuanlin , Luo Minghe , Cao Keshuang , Lu Yunhao , Xu Ben Bin , Pan Hongge , Tao Kai , Jiang Yinzhu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDespite the impressive merits of low‐cost and high‐safety electrochemical energy storage for aqueous zinc ion batteries, researchers have long struggled against the unresolved issues of dendrite growth and the side reactions of zinc metal anodes. Herein, a new strategy of zinc‐electrolyte interface charge engineering induced by amino acid additives is demonstrated for highly reversible zinc plating/stripping. Through electrostatic preferential absorption of positively charged arginine molecules on the surface of the zinc metal anode, a self‐adaptive zinc‐electrolyte interface is established for the inhibition of water adsorption/hydrogen evolution and the guidance of uniform zinc deposition. Consequently, an ultra‐long stable cycling up to 2200 h at a high current density of 5 mA cm−2 is achieved under an areal capacity of 4 mAh cm−2. Even cycled at an ultra‐high current density of 10 mA cm−2, 900 h‐long stable cycling is still demonstrated, demonstrating the reliable self‐adaptive feature of the zinc‐electrolyte interface. This work provides a new perspective of interface charge engineering in realizing highly reversible bulk zinc anode that can prompt its practical application in aqueous rechargeable zinc batteries.
Recent Developments of Microenvironment Engineering of Single‐Atom Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction toward Desired Activity and Selectivity
Authors: Li Longbin , Huang Bingyu , Tang Xiannong , Hong Yaoshuai , Zhai Weijuan , Hu Ting , Yuan Kai , Chen Yiwang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is an essential process for sustainable energy supply and sufficient chemical production in modern society. Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) exhibit great potential on maximum atomic efficiency, high ORR activity, and stability, making them attractive candidates for pursuing next‐generation catalysts. Despite substantial efforts being made on building diversiform single‐atom active sites (SAASs), the performance of the obtained catalysts is still unsatisfactory. Fortunately, microenvironment regulation of SACs provides opportunities to improve activity and selectivity for ORR. In this review, first, ORR mechanism pathways on N‐coordinated SAAS, electrochemical evaluation, and characterization of SAAS are displayed. In addition, recent developments in tuning microenvironment of SACs are systematically summarized, especially, strategies for microenvironment modulation are introduced in detail for boosting the intrinsic 4e−/2e− ORR activity and selectivity. Theoretical calculations and cutting‐edge characterization techniques are united and discussed for fundamental understanding of the synthesis–construction–performance correlations. Furthermore, the techniques for building SAAS and tuning their microenvironment are comprehensively overviewed to acquire outstanding SACs. Lastly, by proposing perspectives for the remaining challenges of SACs and infant microenvironment engineering, the future directions of ORR SACs and other analogous procedures are pointed out.
Wearable Optical Sensing of Strain and Humidity: A Patterned Dual‐Responsive Semi‐Interpenetrating Network of a Cholesteric Main‐Chain Polymer and a Poly(ampholyte)
Authors: Shi Xiuyi , Deng Zixuan , Zhang Pei , Wang Yao , Zhou Guofu , de Haan Laurens T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMain‐chain cholesteric liquid crystal polymers are a promising candidate for the development of responsive photonic devices due to the combination of selective reflection and soft, elastic properties, but it is difficult to enhance these materials with new kinds of responsiveness due to the inherent lack of mesogenic side groups. Here, a new strategy is showed to obtain a dual‐responsive elastic cholesteric polymer material by preparing a semi‐interpenetrating network consisting of a cholesteric main‐chain polymer and a hygroscopic poly(ampholyte). The material is shown to undergo a redshift of the reflected color upon swelling with water, while the color blueshifts when a strain is applied. Color patterns can be prepared by localized photopolymerization at different temperatures, leading to brightly colored responsive images with high contrast. Due to the elastic nature of the material, it can easily be made into a wearable device, and its application as a multifunctional smart sensor for sweat detection and movement detection is demonstrated. The results show that new responsiveness can be added to main‐chain cholesteric polymers by preparation of interpenetrating networks, which can be further extended to develop various kinds of multi‐responsive smart materials.
A Competitive Reaction Strategy toward Binary Metal Sulfides for Tailoring Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Liu Jiaolong , Zhang Limin , Zang Duyang , Wu Hongjing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe development of multicomponent dielectric composites has become a mainstream approach for obtaining excellent electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers. However, conventional component introduction is often performed blindly and based only on semiempirical rules, lacking precise modulation of components, interfaces, and defects during the reaction process. Herein, a competitive reaction mechanism is proposed for the first time, in which not only the metal ion concentration but also its characteristic are two feasible parameters to control the components, interfaces, and defects to tailor the EMW absorption performances of Cu‐based binary metal sulfides. The appropriate heterogeneous interfaces and components and the abundant defects can synergistically benefit the EMW absorption capacity by forming perfect impedance matching and multiple dielectric polarizations. As a result, combined with these advantages, an effective absorption band) of 6.80 GHz (6.3–13.1 GHz) is achieved at 2.80 mm for Cu–Co binary metal sulfide, showing the sole middle‐frequency broadband absorption of reported sulfide‐based absorbers to date. Other Cu‐based binary metal sulfides deliver different EMW absorption behaviors. This work breaks through the limitation of traditional component design, opening up a novel methodology for designing multicomponent composites beyond sulfides with broadband absorption.
Photodoping and Fast Charge Extraction in Ionic Carbon Nitride Photoanodes
Authors: Adler Christiane , Selim Shababa , Krivtsov Igor , Li Chunyu , Mitoraj Dariusz , Dietzek Benjamin , Durrant James R. , Beranek Radim 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIonic carbon nitrides based on poly(heptazine imides) (PHI) represent a vigorously studied class of materials with possible applications in photocatalysis and energy storage. Herein, for the first time, the photogenerated charge dynamics in highly stable and binder‐free PHI photoanodes using in operando transient photocurrents and spectroelectrochemical photoinduced absorption measurements is studied. It is discovered that light‐induced accumulation of long‐lived trapped electrons within the PHI film leads to effective photodoping of the PHI film, resulting in a significant improvement of photocurrent response due to more efficient electron transport. While photodoping is previously reported for various semiconductors, it has not been shown before for carbon nitride materials. Furthermore, it is found that the extraction kinetics of untrapped electrons are remarkably fast in these PHI photoanodes, with electron extraction times (ms) comparable to those measured for commonly employed metal oxide semiconductors. These results shed light on the excellent performance of PHI photoanodes in alcohol photoreforming, including very negative photocurrent onset, outstanding fill factor, and the possibility to operate under zero‐bias conditions. More generally, the here reported photodoping effect and fast electron extraction in PHI photoanodes establish a strong rationale for the use of PHI films in various applications, such as bias‐free photoelectrochemistry or photobatteries.
Highly Conductive Amorphous Pentlandite Anchored with Ultrafine Platinum Nanoparticles for Efficient pH‐Universal Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhang Chenxu , Cui Yanan , Yang Yilin , Lu Linguo , Yu Shansheng , Meng Zeshuo , Wu Yixian , Li Yaxin , Wang Yanan , Tian Hongwei , Zheng Weitao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe devise and fabrication of highly efficient electrocatalysts have momentous practical significance for the development of future hydrogen energy systems. However, their potential uses in support construction are not well studied. In this work, a highly efficient electrocatalyst is developed for the hydrogen evolution reaction by anchoring single Pt atoms and clusters into functional amorphous pentlandite Fe5Ni4S8 (or FNS) to yield Pt–FNS composites. Amorphous FNS still provides great conductivity to the composites, thereby promoting rapid charge transfer. The presence of abundant defects in Pt–FNS composite catalysts induces pleasant atomic dispersion and anchoring of Pt species. In addition, the formation of single Pt atoms combined with clusters and low‐Pt‐loading improves the utilization of Pt and reduces the cost. The turnover frequency analysis suggests Pt–FNS systems possess significant unit catalytic activity. The synergetic catalytic effect issued from high conductivity, abundant active sites and elevated intrinsic activity forms Pt–FNS systems with efficient pH‐universal catalytic activity. The systems exhibit low overpotentials of only 30, 65, and 98 mV at 10 mA cm−2 under acidic, alkaline, and neutral conditions, respectively. In sum, the proposed route looks promising for the fabrication of new electrocatalysts with improved properties.
Designing Squaraine Dyes with Bright Deep‐Red Aggregation‐Induced Emission for Specific and Ratiometric Fluorescent Detection of Hypochlorite
Authors: Qiao Weiguo , Ma Teng , Wang Shuangshuang , Li Longjie , Liu Miao , Jiang Hao , Wu Yuzhou , Zhu Jintao , Li Zhong'an 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDevelopment of ratiometric fluorescent hypochlorite probes with strong long wavelength fluorescence in aqueous medium, high resistance to photobleaching, high sensitivity and selectivity, and low biological toxicity remains a challenge. In this work, a molecular design strategy is proposed that can transform the traditional squaraine dyes (SQs) with aggregation‐caused quenching character into aggregation‐induced emission (AIE)‐active luminogens by functionalizing the end‐groups with tetraphenylethylene units and further introducing hydrophilic sulfonate group as the side chains. The resulting TPE‐SQ5 not only emits strong deep‐red fluorescence with a high quantum yield of 11.0% and high photostability, but more encouragingly can serve as a ratiometric fluorescent hypochlorite probe with high selectivity and sensitivity (detection limit: 5.6 nm), which indeed is the first report for SQs. The detailed sensing mechanism study demonstrates that the oxindole product with sulfonate substitution is responsible for the ratiometric fluorescent response. Furthermore, TPE‐SQ5 nanoparticles with high biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity are successfully used for ratiometrically imaging exogenous and endogenous hypochlorite in living cells.
Facile Fabrication of Robust Hydrogen Evolution Electrodes under High Current Densities via Pt@Cu Interactions
Authors: Tan Yeshu , Xie Ruikuan , Zhao Siyu , Lu Xuekun , Liu Longxiang , Zhao Fangjia , Li Chunzhong , Jiang Hao , Chai Guoliang , Brett Dan J. L. , Shearing Paul R. , He Guanjie , Parkin Ivan P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDurable and efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts that can satisfy industrial requirements need to be developed. Platinum (Pt)‐based catalysts represent the benchmark performance but are less studied for HER under high current densities in neutral electrolytes due to their high cost, poor stability, and extra water dissociation step. Here a facile and low‐temperature synthesis for constructing “blackberry‐shaped” Pt nanocrystals on copper (Cu) foams with low loading as self‐standing electrodes for HER in neutral media is proposed. Optimized hydrogen adsorption free energy and robust interaction induced by charge density exchange between Pt and Cu ensure the efficient and robust HER, especially under high current densities, which are demonstrated from both experimental and theoretical approaches. The electrode exhibits small overpotentials of 35 and 438 mV to reach current densities of ‐10 and ‐1000 mA cm−2, respectively. Meanwhile the electrode illustrates outstanding stability during chronoamperometry measurement under high current densities (‐100 to ‐400 mA cm−2) and 1000 cycles linear sweep voltammetry tests reaching ‐1000 mA cm−2. This study provides new design strategies for self‐standing electrocatalysts by fabricating robust metal–metal interactions between active materials and current collectors, thus facilitating the stable function of electrodes for HER under technologically relevant high current densities.