bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Emerging Non‐Lithium Metal–Sulfur Batteries: A Review
Authors: Ma Lianbo , Lv Yaohui , Wu Junxiong , Chen Yuming , Jin Zhong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRechargeable non‐lithium metal–sulfur batteries (MSBs) have gained tremendous attention because of their merits, including a high theoretical capacity, remarkable energy density, and low cost. However, the detrimental issues encountered by non‐lithium MSBs, such as polysulfide shuttle effects, volume expansion and the low electrical conductivity of elemental sulfur, and the serious side reactions between metal anodes and electrolytes, severely restrict their practical applications. To circumvent these issues, numerous effective strategies have been explored and utilized. In this review, the intractable obstacles that prevent the application of non‐lithium MSBs are first summarized. Recent pioneering studies on rechargeable non‐lithium MSBs are reported and discussed in terms of material design, fabrication methods, and electrochemical performance. The emerging characterization techniques used to reveal the working mechanisms of non‐lithium MSBs and the advantages of elaborately designed structures are highlighted. Finally, the remaining issues and possible future areas of research for practical applications are discussed.
Soil and plant growth response and trace elements accumulation in sweet corn and snow pea grown under fresh and carbonated coal fly ash amendment
Authors: Ukwattage Nadeesha L. , Lakmalie U.Vajini , Gamage Ranjith P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWith the recent focus of using coal combustion residue fly ash in mineral carbonation for C capture, an end product, carbonated coal fly ash is generated. The physicochemical changes occur in fly ash during carbonation is hypothesized to improve its soil application potential compared to original fly ash. Therefore, in the present study, we tested carbonated coal fly ash against non‐carbonated (fresh) ash for its effect on soil, plant production, and elemental accumulation in plant parts. Plant pots of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) and snow pea (Pisum sativum L.) added with fresh or carbonated Australian coal fly ash to sandy loam Podosol soil at 5% (w/w) and 10% (w/w) mixing rates were used in the study. Alkalinity of fly ashes attenuated the strong acidity of the soil into weakly acidic to slightly alkaline ranges. Either fresh or carbonated fly ashes added trace elements such as B, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cd, Mo, Cr, Pb, and Ni into the soil which significantly enhanced the plant growth and yield compared to fly ash absent pots. Accumulation of heavy metals in plant parts were observed in fly ash‐treated pots. Fresh fly ash at 10% (w/w) application rate increased the soil salinity above admissible range and retarded the crop growth and yield. Carbonated fly ash continued to enhance the crop production of sweet corn and snow pea up to 10% (w/w) mixing rate. Carbonation has improved the fly ash from its original state to make it a safer soil amendment at higher dosages such as 10% (w/w).
Macroevolutionary history predicts flowering time but not phenological sensitivity to temperature in grasses
Authors: Neto‐Bradley Barbara M. , Whitton Jeannette , Lipsen Linda P. J. , Pennell Matthew W. 
Published: May 2021

PremiseLong‐term observations show that flowering phenology has shifted in many lineages in response to climate change. However, it remains unclear whether these results can be generalized to predict the presence, direction, or magnitude of responses in lineages for which we lack long time‐series data. If phenological responses are phylogenetically conserved, we can extrapolate from species for which we have data to predict the responses of close relatives. While several studies have found that closely related species flower at similar times, fewer have evaluated whether phylogenetically proximal species respond to environmental change similarly.MethodsWe paired flowering time data from 3161 manually scored herbarium specimens of 72 species of grasses (Poaceae) with historical climate data and analyzed the phylogenetic signal and phylogenetic half‐life of phenological sensitivity. We also ran these analyses on a subset of species showing statistically significant sensitivities, in order to assess the role of sampling bias on phylogenetic signal.ResultsClosely related grass species tend to flower at similar times, but flowering times respond to temperature changes in species‐specific ways. We also show that only including species for which there is strong evidence of phenological shifts results in overestimating phylogenetic signal.ConclusionsIn agreement with other recent studies, our results suggest caution in extrapolating from evidence of phylogenetic similarity to predicting shared responses in this ecologically relevant trait. Future work is needed to better understand the discrepancy between the phylogenetic signal in observed phenological shifts and absence of such signal in sensitivity.
Genotype–phenotype correlation in Phelan‐McDermid syndrome: A comprehensive review of chromosome 22q13 deleted genes
Authors: Ricciardello Arianna , Tomaiuolo Pasquale , Persico Antonio M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPhelan‐McDermid syndrome (PMS, OMIM #606232), also known as chromosome 22q13 deletion syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder characterized by intellectual disability, hypotonia, delayed or absent speech, motor impairment, autism spectrum disorder, behavioral anomalies, and minor aspecific dysmorphic features. Haploinsufficiency of SHANK3, due to intragenic deletions or point mutations, is sufficient to cause many neurobehavioral features of PMS. However, several additional genes located within larger 22q13 deletions can contribute to the great interindividual variability observed in the PMS phenotype. This review summarizes the phenotypic contributions predicted for 213 genes distributed along the largest 22q13.2‐q13.33 terminal deletion detected in our sample of 63 PMS patients by array‐CGH analysis, spanning 9.08 Mb. Genes have been grouped into four categories: (1) genes causing human diseases with an autosomal dominant mechanism, or (2) with an autosomal recessive mechanism; (3) morphogenetically relevant genes, either involved in human diseases with additive co‐dominant, polygenic, and/or multifactorial mechanisms, or implicated in animal models but not yet documented in human pathology; (4) protein coding genes either functionally nonrelevant, with unknown function, or pathogenic through mechanisms other than haploinsufficiency; piRNAs, noncoding RNAs, miRNAs, novel transcripts and pseudogenes. Our aim is to understand genotype–phenotype correlations in PMS patients and to provide clinicians with a conceptual framework to promote evidence‐based genetic work‐ups, clinical assessments, and therapeutic interventions.
Self‐Sorting in Dynamic Combinatorial Libraries Leads to the Co‐Existence of Foldamers and Self‐Replicators
Authors: Liu Bin , Beatty Meagan A. , Pappas Charalampos G. , Liu Kai , Ottelé Jim , Otto Sijbren 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNature segregates fundamental tasks such as information storage/transmission and catalysis between two different compound classes (e.g. polynucleotides for replication and folded polyamides for catalysis). This division of labor is likely a product of evolution, raising the question of how simpler systems in which replicators and folded macromolecules co‐exist may emerge in the transition from chemistry to biology. In synthetic systems, achieving co‐existence of replicators and foldamers in a single molecular network remains an unsolved problem. Previous work on dynamic molecular networks has given rise to either self‐replicating fibers or well‐defined foldamer structures (or completely un‐sorted complex systems). We report a system in which two cross‐reactive dithiol (nucleobase‐ and peptide‐based) building blocks self‐sort into a replicator fiber and foldamer that both emerge spontaneously and co‐exist. The self‐sorting behavior remains prevalent across different building block ratios as two phases of emergence occur: replicator growth followed by foldamer formation. This is attributed to the autocatalytic formation of the replicator fiber, followed by enrichment of the system in the remaining building block, which is subsequently incorporated into a foldamer.
All‐Dielectric Nanostructures with a Thermoresponsible Dynamic Polymer Shell
Authors: Nikitina Anna A. , Milichko Valentin A. , Novikov Alexander S. , Larin Artem O. , Nandi Proloy , Mirsaidov Utkur , Andreeva Daria V. , Rybin Mikhail V. , Kivshar Yuri S. , Skorb Ekaterina V. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe suggest a new strategy for creating stimuli‐responsive bio‐integrated optical nanostructures based on Mie‐resonant silicon nanoparticles covered by an ensemble of similarity negatively charged polyelectrolytes (heparin and sodium polystyrene sulfonate). The dynamic tuning of the nanostructures’ optical response is due to light‐induced heating of the nanoparticles and swelling of the polyelectrolyte shell. The resulting hydrophilic/hydrophobic transitions significantly change the shell thickness and reversible shift of the scattering spectra for individual nanoparticles up to 60 nm. Our findings bring novel opportunities for the application of smart nanomaterials in nanomedicine and bio‐integrated nanophotonics.
Isolation, separation, identification, and quantification of bioactive methylated flavone regioisomers by UHPLC‐MS/MS
Authors: Noreen Hafiza , Smith Edward N. , Farman Muhammad , Claridge Tim D.W. , McCullagh James S.O. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMethylated flavones, commonly found in many plants of the Brassicaceae family, have potent antioxidant and anticancer activity with diverse therapeutic potential. However, the specific regioisomers of methylated flavones can have significantly different biochemical and potentially therapeutic properties as shown by various bioassays but analytically differentiating these compounds has been technically challenging and rarely reported. In this study, we demonstrate differentiation and identification of selected bioactive methylated flavone regioisomers, namely 5,7,3′‐trihydroxy‐4′‐methoxyflavone, and 5,7,4′‐trihydroxy‐3′‐methoxyflavone extracted from Coronopus didymus, a member of the Brassicaceae family, using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS/MS). Characteristic MS/MS product ions produced from neutral loss of carbon monoxide, and a methyl radical from the [M‐H]– ion, exhibited differential relative abundances attributed to different structural stabilities under the same activation and collision‐induced dissociation conditions. MS/MS also provided structural information which was sufficient to differentiate the methylated regioisomers and determine the position of the methyl group based on interpretation of their respective fragmentation patterns. Quantification showed 5,7,4′‐trihydroxy‐3′‐methoxyflavone was at least 1.60 mg per 10 g plant material in C. didymus extracts. This study demonstrates a straightforward and novel approach to rapidly differentiate, identify and quantify regio‐isomeric methylated flavone natural products using reversed‐phase UPLC‐MS/MS.
Facile fabrication of near‐infrared light‐responsive shape memory nanocomposite scaffolds with hierarchical porous structures
Authors: Wang Jingguang , Xia Zemin , Liu Jian , Zhang Naiyue , Zhou Wuyi , Zhong Zichong , Luo Zhitian , Li Wenyu , Yang Zhuohong , Hu Yang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this work, the near‐infrared (NIR) light‐responsive shape memory scaffolds with hierarchical porous structures are designed and facilely formed by freeze drying of 3D printed viscous gel‐like pickering emulsions, which are stabilized by hydrophobically modified graphene oxide (g‐GO) and silica nanoparticles, and contain thermo‐responsive poly(d, l‐lactic acid‐co‐trimethylene carbonate) (PLMC) in the oil phase. The prepared scaffolds display an interconnected filament structure with hierarchical pores and high porosity. The incorporation of g‐GO nanoparticles into PLMC matrix prompts that the scaffold shape memory can be triggered by NIR light with fast shape recovery. Moreover, the in vitro mineralization experiment shows that the scaffolds have biological activity, and the drug release study demonstrates that the scaffolds can be used as drug carriers with efficient drug release capacity. Furthermore, cell culture assays based on mouse bone mesenchymal stem cells exhibit that the scaffolds own good cytocompatibility. Therefore, the facile preparation and remote activation of the shape memory nanocomposite scaffolds with hierarchical porous structure and multifunctionality represents a highly attractive candidate as minimally invasive implantation scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications.
A multi‐temporal satellite‐based risk analysis of archaeological sites in Qazvin plain (Iran)
Authors: Zaina Federico , Nabati Mazloumi Yasaman 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn recent decades, we have witnessed a dramatic increase in the risks and damages to archaeological sites and heritage places across the globe. By analysing a case study (the Qazvin plain) in northern Iran, we propose a classification of the types of risks and damages to archaeological sites and we assess the impact of each type over the last 40 years (1980s–2020s). Our research methodology consists of the cross‐correlated multi‐temporal analysis of different sets of satellite imagery with 167 archaeological sites in the Qazvin plain to determine the types, extension and evolution of the damages over the time. This methodology allowed to develop a three‐tier hierarchical framework based on the drivers, threats, and actions jeopardizing the cultural heritage of the region. The result of this study permits to overturn current narratives inferring that the most impacting risks to archaeological sites and heritage places are caused by natural hazards, looting and violent destruction rather than agricultural activity or construction. Consequently, based on this evidence, we draw a distinction between ‘silent’ but constant and pervasive and ‘loud’ but short‐living and circumscribed risks.
The importance of socio‐emotional considerations in online communities, social informatics, and information science
Authors: Worrall Adam , Cappello Alicia , Osolen Rachel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlongside cognitive and social phenomena, many scholars have examined emotional and affective considerations in information science, but a potential emotional or affective paradigm has not coalesced to the extent of the social or cognitive paradigms. We argue information science research should integrate the social paradigm, as offered by social informatics, with affective and emotional considerations: a socio‐emotional paradigm. A review of existing literature and findings from users' motivations to participate on the Academia section of the Stack Exchange social questioning‐and‐answering site make our case. We uncovered tensions between the intended information‐centric focus of the community and users who believed social, emotional, and affective considerations needed to be foregrounded, speaking to online communities acting as boundary objects, with the “fit” for one user or community not always the same as for another. An integrated socio‐emotional paradigm shows much strength for social informatics and information science research, including uncovering hidden concerns and differences in values, as in our study. Affective and emotional research, often bubbling under in information science, should rise to the surface is not so much a paradigm shift but an integration of social, emotional, and affective considerations into a socio‐emotional paradigm.
Antimony(III) Halide‐Assisted Stereospecific Coordination of Thione
Authors: Adinarayana Mannem , Prabusankar Ganesan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe antimony halide‐aided stereospecific coordination of a cyclic thiourea‐type of ligand is observed for the first time. The antimony(III) imidazole thione complexes syn‐[(L1)SbCl3] (syn‐1) and anti‐[(L1)SbBr3] (anti‐2) have been synthesized in very good yield by the reaction between the spatially defined steric impact ligand [(IPaul)S] (L1) ([(IPaul)S]=1,3‐bis(2,4‐methyl‐6‐diphenyl phenyl)imidazole thione) and corresponding antimony halide. The stereoselective formation of complexes syn‐1 and anti‐2 has been confirmed by both NMR and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. Interestingly the stereospecific nature of syn‐1 and anti‐2 remains intact in solution. Furthermore, the thermal stability of antimony(III) imidazole thione complexes were examined by TGA analysis.
Interaction study of astilbin, isoastilbin and neoastilbin toward CYP2D6 by multi‐spectroscopy and molecular docking
Authors: Tao Yanzhou , Fan Yangyang , Liu Guiming , Zhang Yuhang , Wang Meizi , Wang Xiaolin , Li Li 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAstilbin, isoastilbin and neoastilbin are the three flavonoid isomers prevalent in Rhizoma Smilax glabra. The interactions between human cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) and the three isomers were investigated by multiple spectroscopic coupled with molecular docking. As a result, the fluorescence intensity of CYP2D6 was quenched statically by the three isomers. Meanwhile, astilbin had the strongest binding ability to CYP2D6, followed by isoastilbin and neoastilbin under the identical temperature. Synchronous fluorescence, three‐dimensional fluorescence, ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy, circular dichroism and Fourier‐transform infrared spectra confirmed that the conformation and micro‐environment of CYP2D6 protein were changed after binding with the three isomers. As suggested from molecular docking, the three isomers had strong binding affinity to CYP2D6 via the bonding of hydrogen and van der Waals forces, and the results were in agreement with the fluorescence results. The findings here suggested that astilbin, isoastilbin and neoastilbin may cause the herb–drug interactions for their inhibition of CYP2D6 activity.
Persistence with medical treatment for Wilson disease in China based on a single center’s survey research
Authors: Zhou Zhi‐Hua , Wu Yun‐Fan , Yan Yan , Liu Ai‐Qun , Yu Qing‐Yun , Peng Zhong‐Xing , Wang Gong‐Qiang , Hong Ming‐Fan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundWilson's disease (WD) is one of the few hereditary diseases that can be successfully treated with medicines. We conduct this survey research to assess treatment persistence among patients with WD and try to identify what factors affect the treatment persistence.MethodsWe employed WeChat which is the most popular social software in China to carry out this anonymous questionnaire research. The questionnaire included medication adherence scale. We also collected available medical records related to demographic and clinical characteristics. All the patients were divided into group of persistence with drug treatment (PDT) and nonpersistence with drug treatment (n‐PDT).ResultsWe collected 242 qualified questionnaires. Only 66.5% of patients were PDT during the mean 12.6 years of follow‐up. In PDT group, better outcomes were observed: improvement (78.3%) and no change (16.1%) versus those in n‐PDT (55.6%; and 28.4%, respectively). In PDT group, only nine patients deteriorated (6.8%) in comparison with 13 patients in n‐PDT (16.0%). The adverse events (AEs) in PDT group were significantly less than those in n‐PDT group. There were no significant differences in clinical type, gender, age, education level, and family knowledge about WD between the two groups. There were significant differences in AEs and family position toward treatment.ConclusionMedication Adherence of Chinese WD patients was low. One third of the patients (33.5%) were unable to PDT, and it had an important negative effect on clinical outcome. AEs and family support had an important impact on treatment persistence.
Prognostic value of CCR2 as an immune indicator in lung adenocarcinoma: A study based on tumor‐infiltrating immune cell analysis
Authors: Wan Yi , Wang Xin , Liu Ting , Fan Tianyu , Zhang Zugui , Wang Bin , Zhang Bei , Tian Zibin , Mao Tao , Gong Zheng , Zhang Li 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrognostic indicators in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have been seeking under database analysis, and remarkable advance is on the way.MethodsThis study calculated the scores of stromal and immune components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in 551 LUAD samples using the ESTIMATE algorithm on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. R package ''limma'' was used to selected differentially expressed genes (DEG). We have analyzed the DEGs by means of Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichments. The protein‐protein network, univariate Cox analysis, and Lasso regression analysis were performed to selected survival‐related genes. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) represented the enriched pathway of CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2). The ratios of immune cells in the TME of each LUAD sample were obtained using the R package "limma" and CIBERSORT algorithm in R 4.0.2.ResultsThe ImmuneScore was positively correlated with prognosis regarding survival rate, T classification of TNM stages, and clinicopathological staging characteristics. GO and KEGG enrichments showed DEGs were associated with immune‐related activities. Three genes of LUAD were selected from the PPI network and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. CCR2 was the most survival correlated gene by Lasso regression analysis. GSEA results showed that C2 kegg gene sets in the CCR2 high‐expression group were mainly enriched in the B cell or T cell receptor signaling pathway and natural killer cell‐mediated cytotoxicity. Correlation of CCR2 expression with prognosis was conducted, implicating a positive correlation with the prognosis of survival rate and M classification, negative correlation with the prognosis of T and N classifications. The correlation between CCR2 and tumor‐infiltrating immune cells (TICs) was analyzed, and 14 kinds of TICs were found closely correlated with CCR2 expression through difference analysis.ConclusionTherefore, CCR2 has prognostic value as an immune indicator in LUAD.