bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of leukemic and pre-leukemic stem cells by clonal tracking from single-cell transcriptomics
Authors: Velten Lars , Story Benjamin A. , Hernández-Malmierca Pablo , Raffel Simon , Leonce Daniel R. , Milbank Jennifer , Paulsen Malte , Demir Aykut , Szu-Tu Chelsea , Frömel Robert , Lutz Christoph , Nowak Daniel , Jann Johann-Christoph , Pabst Caroline , Boch Tobias , Hofmann Wolf-Karsten , Müller-Tidow Carsten , Trumpp Andreas , Haas Simon , Steinmetz Lars M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCancer stem cells drive disease progression and relapse in many types of cancer. Despite this, a thorough characterization of these cells remains elusive and with it the ability to eradicate cancer at its source. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), leukemic stem cells (LSCs) underlie mortality but are difficult to isolate due to their low abundance and high similarity to healthy hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Here, we demonstrate that LSCs, HSCs, and pre-leukemic stem cells can be identified and molecularly profiled by combining single-cell transcriptomics with lineage tracing using both nuclear and mitochondrial somatic variants. While mutational status discriminates between healthy and cancerous cells, gene expression distinguishes stem cells and progenitor cell populations. Our approach enables the identification of LSC-specific gene expression programs and the characterization of differentiation blocks induced by leukemic mutations. Taken together, we demonstrate the power of single-cell multi-omic approaches in characterizing cancer stem cells.
Contact tracing evaluation for COVID-19 transmission in the different movement levels of a rural college town in the USA
Authors: Moon Sifat A. , Scoglio Caterina M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractContact tracing can play a key role in controlling human-to-human transmission of a highly contagious disease such as COVID-19. We investigate the benefits and costs of contact tracing in the COVID-19 transmission. We estimate two unknown epidemic model parameters (basic reproductive number $$R_0$$

R
0

and confirmed rate $$\delta _2$$

δ
2

) by using confirmed case data. We model contact tracing in a two-layer network model. The two-layer network is composed by the contact network in the first layer and the tracing network in the second layer. In terms of benefits, simulation results show that increasing the fraction of traced contacts decreases the size of the epidemic. For example, tracing $$25\%$$

25
%

of the contacts is enough for any reopening scenario to reduce the number of confirmed cases by half. Considering the act of quarantining susceptible households as the contact tracing cost, we have observed an interesting phenomenon. The number of quarantined susceptible people increases with the increase of tracing because each individual confirmed case is mentioning more contacts. However, after reaching a maximum point, the number of quarantined susceptible people starts to decrease with the increase of tracing because the increment of the mentioned contacts is balanced by a reduced number of confirmed cases. The goal of this research is to assess the effectiveness of contact tracing for the containment of COVID-19 spreading in the different movement levels of a rural college town in the USA. Our research model is designed to be flexible and therefore, can be used to other geographic locations.
Loneliness and social isolation is associated with sleep problems among older community dwelling women and men with complex needs
Authors: McLay Laurie , Jamieson Hamish A. , France Karyn G. , Schluter Philip J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSleep problems, loneliness and social isolation often increase with age, significantly impacting older adults’ health and wellbeing. Yet general population health empirical evidence is surprisingly scant. Using the largest national database to date, cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses was undertaken on 140,423 assessments from 95,045 (women: 61.0%) community living older adults aged ≥ 65 years having standardised home care assessments between 1 July 2012 and 31 May 2018 to establish the prevalence and relationships between insufficient sleep, excessive sleep, loneliness and social isolation. At first assessment, insufficient sleep (women: 12.4%, men: 12.7%) was more commonly reported than excessive sleep (women: 4.7%, men: 7.6%). Overall, 23.6% of women and 18.9% of men reported feeling lonely, while 53.8% women and 33.8% men were living alone. In adjusted longitudinal analyses, those who were lonely and socially isolated were more likely to experience insufficient sleep. Respondents with excessive sleep were more likely to live with others. Both loneliness and social isolation contributed to insufficient sleep, synergistically. Loneliness, social isolation and health-concerns may affect the restorative properties of sleep over and above the effects of ageing. Further research is warranted.
Enlarged glycemic variability in sulfonylurea-treated well-controlled type 2 diabetics identified using continuous glucose monitoring
Authors: Uemura Fumi , Okada Yosuke , Torimoto Keiichi , Tanaka Yoshiya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTime in range (TIR) is an index of glycemic control obtained from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). The aim was to compare the glycemic variability of treatment with sulfonylureas (SUs) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with well-controlled glucose level (TIR > 70%). The study subjects were 123 patients selected T2DM who underwent CGM more than 24 h on admission without changing treatment. The primary endpoint was the difference in glycemic variability, while the secondary endpoint was the difference in time below range < 54 mg/dL; TBR < 54, between the SU (n = 63) and non-SU (n = 60) groups. The standard deviation, percentage coefficient of variation (%CV), and maximum glucose level were higher in the SU group than in the non-SU group, and TBR < 54 was longer in the high-dose SU patients. SU treatment was identified as a significant factor that affected %CV (β: 2.678, p = 0.034). High-dose SU use contributed to prolonged TBR < 54 (β: 0.487, p = 0.028). Our study identified enlarged glycemic variability in sulfonylurea-treated well-controlled T2DM patients and high-dose SU use was associated with TBR < 54. The results highlight the need for careful adjustment of the SU dose, irrespective of glycated hemoglobin level or TIR value.
Infectious aetiologies of severe acute chest syndrome in sickle-cell adult patients, combining conventional microbiological tests and respiratory multiplex PCR
Authors: Lopinto Julien , Elabbadi Alexandre , Gibelin Aude , Voiriot Guillaume , Fartoukh Muriel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAcute chest syndrome (ACS) is the most serious complication of sickle cell disease. The pathophysiology of ACS may involve lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), alveolar hypoventilation and atelectasis, bone infarcts-driven fat embolism, and in situ pulmonary artery thrombosis. One of the most challenging issues for the physicians is to diagnose LRTI as the cause of ACS. The use of a respiratory multiplex PCR (mPCR) for the diagnosis of LRTI has not been assessed in sickle-cell adult patients with ACS. To describe the spectrum of infectious aetiologies of severe ACS, using a diagnostic approach combining conventional tests and mPCR. A non-interventional monocenter prospective study involving all the consecutive sickle-cell adult patients with ACS admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Microbiological investigation included conventional tests and a nasopharyngeal swab for mPCR. Altogether, 36 patients were enrolled, of whom 30 (83%) had complete microbiological investigations. A bacterial microorganism, mostly Staphylococcus aureus (n = 8), was identified in 11 patients. There was no pneumonia-associated intracellular bacterial pathogen. A respiratory virus was identified in six patients. Using both conventional tests and nasopharyngeal mPCR, a microbiological documentation was obtained in half of adult ACS patients admitted to the ICU. Pyogenic bacteria, especially S. aureus, predominated.
Neoadjuvant vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy improves survival and reduces recurrence and progression in a mouse model of urothelial cancer
Authors: Rosenzweig Barak , Corradi Renato B. , Budhu Sadna , Alvim Ricardo , Recabal Pedro , La Rosa Stephen , Somma Alex , Monette Sebastien , Scherz Avigdor , Kim Kwanghee , Coleman Jonathan A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLocally advanced urothelial cancer has high recurrence and progression rates following surgical treatment. This highlights the need to develop neoadjuvant strategies that are both effective and well-tolerated. We hypothesized that neoadjuvant sub-ablative vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy (sbVTP), through its immunotherapeutic mechanism, would improve survival and reduce recurrence and progression in a murine model of urothelial cancer. After urothelial tumor implantation and 17 days before surgical resection, mice received neoadjuvant sbVTP (WST11; Tookad Soluble, Steba Biotech, France). Local and systemic response and survival served as measures of therapeutic efficacy, while immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry elucidated the immunotherapeutic mechanism. Data analysis included two-sided Kaplan–Meier, Mann–Whitney, and Fischer exact tests. Tumor volume was significantly smaller in sbVTP-treated animals than in controls (135 mm3 vs. 1222 mm3, P < 0.0001) on the day of surgery. Systemic progression was significantly lower in sbVTP-treated animals (l7% vs. 30%, P < 0.01). Both median progression-free survival and overall survival were significantly greater among animals that received sbVTP and surgery than among animals that received surgery alone (P < 0.05). Neoadjuvant-treated animals also demonstrated significantly lower local recurrence. Neoadjuvant sbVTP was associated with increased early antigen-presenting cells, and subsequent improvements in long-term memory and increases in effector and active T-cells in the spleen, lungs, and blood. In summary, neoadjuvant sbVTP delayed local and systemic progression, prolonged progression-free and overall survival, and reduced local recurrence, thereby demonstrating therapeutic efficacy through an immune-mediated response. These findings strongly support its evaluation in clinical trials.
Complete genome sequencing of Bacillus sp. TK-2, analysis of its cold evolution adaptability
Authors: Shen Lijun , Zang Xueli , Sun Ke , Chen Huan , Che Xinying , Sun Yang , Wang Gang , Zhang Sitong , Chen Guang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo date, a large number of Bacillus species from different sources have been identified. However, there are few investigations on genome information and evolutionary insights of Bacillus species from cold environments. Bacillus sp. TK-2, isolated from the soil of Changbai Mountain, is a gram-positive bacterium with cold adaptation characteristics. In this study, we present the annotated complete genome sequence of Bacillus sp. TK-2. The genome comprised 5,286,177 bp with a GC content of 35.88%, 5293 protein-encoding genes, 32 rRNA, and 77 tRNA. Numerous genes related to cold adaptation were detected in the genome of Bacillus sp. TK-2, mainly involving in energy supply, regulation of cell membrane fluidity, antioxidant, and molecular chaperones. In addition, the strain TK-2 classified in the Bacillus groups was distributed on a terminal branch with Bacillus cereus A1 by Blastn and phylogenetic analysis in NCBI database. Complete genome sequences of the strain TK-2 and Bacillus cereus A1 were compared by the online tool “Average Nucleotide Identity”, showing that the average nucleotide identity of these two strains was 98.26%. In parallel, A comparative analysis of the genomes of both Bacillus sp. TK-2 and Bacillus cereus A1 was conducted. Through the analysis of core and specific genes with cd-hit, it was found that the two strains had 5691 pan gene, 4524 core gene, and 1167 specific gene clusters. Among the 624 specific gene clusters of Bacillus sp. TK-2, some cold tolerance genes were detected, which implied the unique adaptability of Bacillus sp. TK-2 in long-term low temperature environments. Importantly, enzyme-encoding genes related to the degradation of polysaccharides such as cellulose and hemicellulose were detected in the 477 CAZyme genes of this genome. This work on sequencing and bioinformatics analysis of the complete sequence of Bacillus sp. TK-2 promote the application and in-depth research of low-temperature biotechnology.
Exploring the Psychosocial Impact of Botulinum Toxin Type A Injections for Individuals With Oromandibular Dystonia: A Qualitative Study of Patients' Experiences
Authors: Page Allyson D. , Elhayek Nada , Baylor Carolyn , Adams Scott , Jog Mandar , Yorkston Kathryn 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to explore the psychosocial impact of botulinum toxin (BoNT) injections for oromandibular dystonia (OMD) and to gain a better understanding of how participants judge the success of this treatment.

Method
Eight individuals with OMD and dysarthria participated in one face-to-face, semistructured interview. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Qualitative, phenomenological methods of coding, immersion, and emergence were used in the analysis of interview data.

Results

Two major themes and six subthemes emerged from the analysis of interview data. The first theme,
Botox has changed me and my experiences
, explored the participants' perspective of receiving BoNT injections and its psychosocial impact. The second theme,
What communication is like for me
, explored the psychosocial impact of BoNT on speech production and participation.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that BoNT has a variable impact on domains related to quality of life, satisfaction with treatment, speech production, and communicative participation. This study adds novel information related to the psychosocial consequences of BoNT treatment in the management of OMD and builds on a literature that studies the consequences and experiences of living with OMD.
Speech Function Following Deep Brain Stimulation of the Caudal Zona Incerta: Effects of Habitual and High-Amplitude Stimulation
Authors: Sandström Linda , Schalling Ellika , Karlsson Fredrik , Blomstedt Patric , Hartelius Lena 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is often successful in alleviating motor symptoms of essential tremor (ET); however, DBS may also induce adverse speech effects. The caudal zona incerta (cZi) is a promising DBS target for tremor, but less is known about the consequences of cZi DBS for speech. This preliminary study examined how habitual cZi DBS and cZi stimulation at high amplitudes may affect speech function in persons with ET.

Method

Fourteen participants with ET were evaluated: off stimulation, on habitual cZi DBS, and with unilateral cZi stimulation at increasing stimulation amplitudes. At each stimulation condition, the participants read three 16-word sentences. Two speech-language pathologists made audio-perceptual consensus ratings of overall speech function, articulation, and voice using a visual sort and rate method. Rated functions when off stimulation, on habitual cZi DBS, and at maximal-amplitude stimulation were compared using Friedman nonparametric tests. For participants with bilateral habitual DBS (
n
= 5), the effects of bilateral and unilateral stimulation were described in qualitative terms.

Results

Habitual cZi DBS had no significant group-level effect on any of the investigated speech parameters. Maximal-amplitude stimulation had a small but significant negative effect on articulation. Participants with reduced articulatory precision (
n
= 9) had more medially placed electrodes than the nonaffected group (
n
= 5). Bilateral and unilateral left stimulation had comparable effects on speech.

Conclusions
Findings from this preliminary study of cZi DBS indicate that speech is generally not affected by stimulation at habitual levels. High-amplitude cZi stimulation may, however, induce adverse effects, particularly on articulation. Instances of decreased articulatory function were associated with stimulation of more medial electrode contacts, which could suggest cerebello-rubrospinal involvement.
The implementation of the clustered‐OFDM‐based transceiver on an FPGA device: A comprehensive comparison
Authors: de Campos Fabrício P. V. , Sirimarco Lucas M. , de Campos Marcello L. R. , Ribeiro Moisés V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAiming at reducing hardware complexity and power consumption of multicarrier‐based broadband transceivers, this contribution discusses and analyzes the implementation of clustered‐orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)‐based transceiver in a field programmable gate array (FPGA) device. In this sense, several OFDM schemes covering baseband and passband data communications are implemented. The hardware resource utilization and power consumption related to each scheme, after being implemented in the FPGA device, are discussed and compared. Numerical results show that the OFDM scheme based on ‐II and ‐III, which is a modified version of the hermitian symmetric (HS)‐OFDM scheme, which performs both baseband and passband data communications, demands the lowest hardware resource utilization and power consumption, reducing to 1/3 the hardware resource utilization. As a result, ‐II and ‐III constitute an interesting candidate for implementing new generations of high data rate, low hardware resource utilization, and low‐power consumption clustered‐OFDM‐based transceivers for broadband data communication. Last but not least, numerical results show that the controllers used to integrate all components of a clustered‐OFDM‐based transceiver can demand sizeable hardware resource utilization and power consumption and, therefore, they have to be carefully designed.
Frequency coordinated control strategy based on sliding mode method for a microgrid with hybrid energy storage system
Authors: Ge Shaoyun , He Xingtang , Liu Hong , Mi Yang , Wang Chengshan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFrequency stability is important for microgrid with renewable energy. However, the deterioration of frequency and the increased energy storage equipment are caused by source‐load uncertainty. Therefore, a frequency coordinated control strategy based on sliding mode method for a microgrid with hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is proposed. First of all, the detailed frequency regulation is designed, which divides deviation of frequency and area control error into different components as power reference value of different power supply. Secondly, the power threshold of HESS, which is consisted of ultra‐capacitor and battery, is set by designed fuzzy controller to reduce reserve power of HESS and avoid unreasonable power output. Thirdly, a load frequency control model with HESS is built and a sliding mode control is designed by using the detailed frequency regulation. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed frequency coordinated control strategy is verified through comparison of different cases.
A group finder algorithm optimised for the study of local galaxy environments
Authors: Graham Mark T. , Cappellari Michele 
Published: March 2021

Context. The majority of galaxy group catalogues available in the literature use the popular friends-of-friends algorithm which links galaxies using a linking length. One potential drawback to this approach is that clusters of points can be linked with thin bridges which may not be desirable. In order to study galaxy groups, it is important to obtain realistic group structures.
Aim. Here we present a new simple group finder algorithm, TD-ENCLOSER, that finds the group that encloses a target galaxy of interest.
Methods. TD-ENCLOSER is based on the kernel density estimation method which treats each galaxy, represented by a zero-dimensional particle, as a two-dimensional circular Gaussian. The algorithm assigns galaxies to peaks in the density field in order of density in descending order (‘top down’) so that galaxy groups ‘grow’ around the density peaks. Outliers in under-dense regions are prevented from joining groups by a specified hard threshold, while outliers at the group edges are clipped below a soft (blurred) interior density level.
Results. The group assignments are largely insensitive to all free parameter variations apart from the hard density threshold and the kernel standard deviation, although this is a known feature of density-based group finder algorithms and it operates with a computing speed that increases linearly with the size of the input sample. In preparation for a companion paper, we also present a simple algorithm to select unique representative groups when duplicates occur.
Conclusions. TD-ENCLOSER is tested on a mock galaxy catalogue using a smoothing scale of 0.3 Mpc and is found to be able to recover the input group distribution with sufficient accuracy to be applied to observed galaxy distributions.
Physical and chemical structure of high-mass star-forming regions
Authors: Gieser C. , Beuther H. , Semenov D. , Ahmadi A. , Suri S. , Möller T. , Beltrán M. T. , Klaassen P. , Zhang Q. , Urquhart J. S. , Henning Th. , Feng S. , Galván-Madrid R. , de Souza Magalhães V. , Moscadelli L. , Longmore S. , Leurini S. , Kuiper R. , Peters T. , Menten K. M. , Csengeri T. , Fuller G. , Wyrowski F. , Lumsden S. , Sánchez-Monge Á. , Maud L. , Linz H. , Palau A. , Schilke P. , Pety J. , Pudritz R. , Winters J. M. , Piétu V. 
Published: March 2021

Aims. Current star formation research centers the characterization of the physical and chemical properties of massive stars, which are in the process of formation, at the spatial resolution of individual high-mass cores.
Methods. We use sub-arcsecond resolution (~0.′′4) observations with the NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array at 1.37 mm to study the dust emission and molecular gas of 18 high-mass star-forming regions. With distances in the range of 0.7−5.5 kpc, this corresponds to spatial scales down to 300−2300 au that are resolved by our observations. We combined the derived physical and chemical properties of individual cores in these regions to estimate their ages. The temperature structures of these regions are determined by fitting the H2CO and CH3CN line emission. The density profiles are inferred from the 1.37 mm continuum visibilities. The column densities of 11 different species are determined by fitting the emission lines with XCLASS.
Results. Within the 18 observed regions, we identified 22 individual cores with associated 1.37 mm continuum emission and with a radially decreasing temperature profile. We find an average temperature power-law index of q = 0.4 ± 0.1 and an average density power-law index of p = 2.0 ± 0.2 on scales that are on the order of several 1000 au. Comparing these results with values of p derived from the literature presumes that the density profiles remain unchanged from clump to core scales. The column densities relative to N(C18O) between pairs of dense gas tracers show tight correlations. We applied the physical-chemical model MUlti Stage ChemicaL codE to the derived column densities of each core and find a mean chemical age of ~60 000 yr and an age spread of 20 000−100 000 yr. With this paper, we release all data products of the CORE project.
Conclusions. The CORE sample reveals well-constrained density and temperature power-law distributions. Furthermore, we characterized a large variety in molecular richness that can be explained by an age spread that is then confirmed by our physical-chemical modeling. The hot molecular cores show the greatest number of emission lines, but we also find evolved cores at an evolutionary stage in which most molecules are destroyed and, thus, the spectra appear line-poor once again.