bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient ternary polymer solar cell using wide bandgap conjugated polymer donor with two non‐fullerene small molecule acceptors enabled power conversion efficiency of 16% with low energy loss of 0.47 eV
Authors: Keshtov Mukhamed L. , Kuklin Sergei. A. , Khokhlov Alexei R. , Peregudov Aleksander S. , Chen Fang C. , Xie Zhiyuan , Sharma Ganesh D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe ternary polymer solar cells (PSCs) were fabricated using a wide bandgap conjugated polymer P and two non‐fullerene small molecule acceptors, i.e. Y6 and BThIND‐Cl, in which the BThIND‐Cl was introduced as the third component. The open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of ternary PSCs increased with the increase of BThIND‐Cl content in the acceptors, signifying the formation of an alloy between BThIND‐Cl and Y6. We have observed that the energy loss of the ternary PSCs is decreased as compared to the binary counterparts, contributing to the improvement in Voc of ternary PSCs. The short circuit current as well as fill factor (FF) of the ternary PSCs were also enhanced with 0.4 weight ratio of BThIND‐Cl in the acceptors i.e.P:BThIND‐Cl:Y6 (1:0.4:1.1), resulting in overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 16.08% of the optimized ternary PSCs. The improvement in the short circuit current and FF of the ternary PSCs is originated from the more molecular packing and molecular crystallinity, efficient light harvesting, excess exciton generation dissociation, and balanced charge transport. Moreover, the low value of the energy loss (0.47 eV) which may be lowest for the ternary based PSCs with PCE exceeding 16% which may be originated from the suppressed non‐radiative recombination loss. The might be due to the small highest occupied molecular orbital offsets between the combined alloyed acceptor and donor, resulting to the improvement in Voc for ternary PSC as compared to P:Y6 based PSCs.
Heart up! RCT protocol to increase physical activity in cardiac patients who report hopelessness: Amended for the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Dunn Susan L. , Robbins Lorraine B. , Tintle Nathan L. , Collins Eileen G. , Bronas Ulf G. , Goodyke Madison P. , Luong Anna , Gutierrez‐Kapheim Melissa , DeVon Holli A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHopelessness is associated with decreased physical activity (PA) and increased adverse events and death in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). Rates of PA in patients with IHD continue to be low in both hospital‐based cardiac rehabilitation and home settings. While researchers have investigated strategies to increase PA among patients with IHD, interventions to promote PA specifically in IHD patients who report hopelessness are lacking. We describe the protocol for a NIH‐funded randomized controlled trial designed to establish the effectiveness of a 6‐week intervention (Heart Up!) to promote increased PA in IHD patients who report hopelessness. Participants (n = 225) are randomized to one of three groups: (1) motivational social support (MSS) from a nurse, (2) MSS from a nurse plus significant other support (SOS), or (3) attention control. Aims are to: (1) test the effectiveness of 6 weeks of MSS and MSS with SOS on increasing mean minutes per day of moderate to vigorous PA; (2) determine the effects of change in moderate to vigorous PA on hopelessness; and (3) determine if perceived social support and motivation (exercise self‐regulation) mediate the effects of the intervention on PA. A total of 69 participants have been enrolled to date. The protocol has been consistently and accurately used by research personnel. We address the protocol challenges presented by the COVID‐19 pandemic and steps taken to maintain fidelity to the intervention. Findings from this study could transform care for IHD patients who report hopelessness by promoting self‐management of important PA goals that can contribute to better health outcomes.
Preparation and mechanical properties characterization: plasma‐modified expanded vermiculite/fabric‐reinforced foam composite materials
Authors: Li Ting‐Ting , Yang Yandong , Dai Wenna , Wang Hongyang , Wang Jie , Lou Ching‐Wen , Lin Jia‐Horng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractExpanded vermiculite (EV) powder was treated with a plasma, and the organic material polyurethane (PU) was combined with the inorganic material EV powder and fabric by means of particle reinforcement and surface reinforcement to prepare a PU cushioning composite material. EV was processed with plasma treatment beforehand. The resulting PU foam cushioning composites were evaluated for static compression performance and dynamic buffering performance, thereby examining the influences of plasma treatment time and fabric type. According to the correlation between the structure and compression performance, the presence of EV provides more nucleation sites during the foaming, which in turn increases the cell density and the compression performance of the PU cushioning composites. In particular, after plasma treatment of 800‐mesh EV for 20 and 30 min, the resulting composite foam had reduced cell diameter and increased density, and enhanced mechanical properties. Besides, in terms of surface reinforcement, covering the surface with fabric will make the foam enter the densification stage in advance, and its compression performance will be enhanced. As for the dynamic cushioning test, the surface‐covering fabric can increase the impact performance, and the foam cushioning material covered with double‐sided fabric is better. Specifically, PU foam covered with warp‐knitted spacer fabric on both sides exhibits a maximal dynamic compression performance as the impact load is attenuated to 5941 N, suggesting an energy absorption of 96.20%. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and properties of fluorinated benzotriazole‐based donor‐acceptor‐type conjugated polymers via Pd‐catalyzed direct CH/CH coupling polymerization
Authors: Li Jingwen , Han Dong , Zhang Qiang , He Zewang , Lu Yan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFluorine substituted benzotriazole (BTz) units have shown great potential in improving various conjugated polymers (CPs)‐based optoelectronic devices' performance. Thus, it is highly expected for the establishment of simple, efficient, and inexpensive accesses to such polymers. In this paper, Pd‐catalyzed direct CH/CH coupling polymerization is first employed for the synthesis of 5,6‐difluorobenzotriazole containing π‐CPs, which fully avoids prefunctionalization of monomers. Under the optimized conditions, a series of donor‐acceptor‐type π‐CPs with excellent regio‐regularity are facilely obtained via the direct CH/CH coupling reaction of 5,6‐difluoro‐2‐(2‐hexyldecyl)‐2H‐BTz with different thiophene analogs. The chemical structure of the as‐synthesized polymers are confirmed by NMR technique including 1H NMR, 19F NMR, and the edited heteronuclear singular quantum correlation and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation spectra as well as comparative study on the same polymers obtained via Stille coupling and direct (hetero)arylation polymerization. Further, their optical properties, electrochemical properties, and thermal stabilities are also carefully explored by UV–Vis absorption spectra, cyclic voltammograms as well as thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. On the basis of density functional theory (DFT) simulation, the effect of alkyl substituents attached to thiophene units on the reactivity and optical performance of the resultant polymers is explained. Our protocol exhibits remarkable advantages in synthetic simplicity, atom‐economy, high efficiency, and excellent regioselectivity of cross‐coupling, providing an alternative synthetic strategy for high‐performance optoelectronic materials.
Nonadherence to inhaled corticosteroids: A characteristic of the pediatric obese‐asthma phenotype?
Authors: Orriëns Lynn B. , Vijverberg Susanne J.H. , Maitland—van der Zee Anke H. , Longo Cristina 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundChildren with excess weight and asthma tend to respond less well to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) than children with normal weight, potentially resulting in nonadherence to ICS.ObjectivesTo assess whether excess weight (body mass index ≥85th percentile) was associated with general, unintentional, and intentional nonadherence to ICS in children with asthma.MethodsWe analyzed data from 566 children aged 4–13 years with asthma, who used ICS as maintenance therapy, from the cross‐sectional Pharmacogenetics of Asthma medication in Children: Medication with Anti‐inflammatory effects study. General nonadherence was measured objectively with the proportion of days covered (<50%) and subjectively with the parent‐reported Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS <21) reflecting parent‐reported nonadherent behavior. Unintentional and intentional nonadherence were defined as forgetting to take medication and deliberately changing or skipping doses, respectively, from specific items of the MARS. We performed logistic regression analyses, stratifying estimates by asthma severity and age group.ResultsExcess weight was associated with a trend towards increased odds of parent‐reported nonadherent behavior (odds ratio [OR]: 1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.84–2.81) and objectively measured general nonadherence, but only in moderate‐to‐severe asthma (OR: 1.71; 95% CI: 0.84–3.48). The odds of intentional, but not unintentional, nonadherence seemed to be greater in children with excess weight than normal weight (OR: 1.94; 95% CI: 0.94–4.01), and the association appeared to be stronger in younger (OR: 2.17; 95% CI 1.00–4.73) versus older children (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.36–3.94).ConclusionsExcess weight was associated with general nonadherence to ICS, but only in children with moderate‐to‐severe asthma, and nonadherent behavior, which seemed to be intentional.
Plants impact cellular immunity of caterpillars to an entomovirus
Authors: Wang Jin‐Yan , Zhang Hao , Siemann Evan , Fan Neng‐Neng , Ji Xiang‐Yun , Chen Yi‐Juan , Jiang Jie‐Xian , Wan Nian‐Feng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDTri‐trophic interactions among plants, insect herbivores and entomopathogens are one of the hot topics in ecology. Although plants have been shown to impact the interactions between herbivores and entomopathogens, it is still unclear how plants affect the cellular immunity of herbivores to entomopathogens.RESULTSThe number of hemocytes and the proportion of two main cell types (granular hemocytes and plasmatocytes), plasmatocyte‐spreading rate, apoptosis rate, two Spodoptera exigua caspase (SeCasp‐1, SeCasp‐5) activities and gene expressions were all higher and the activities and gene expression of S. exigua inhibitor of apoptosis protein (SeIAP) were lower in nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV)‐infected caterpillars fed Ipomoea aquatica than those fed other plants or artificial diet. Scanning electron microscopy images were consistent with molecular patterns of immune responses.CONCLUSIONThis study suggests that host plants affect the immune responses of herbivores to entomopathogens by manipulating the composition, morphology and apoptosis of herbivore hemocytes, which sheds light on the mechanisms that allow host plants to influence multi‐trophic interactions. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Ocean front detection and tracking using a team of heterogeneous marine vehicles
Authors: McCammon Seth , Marcon dos Santos Gilberto , Frantz Matthew , Welch T. P. , Best Graeme , Shearman R. Kipp , Nash Jonathan D. , Barth John A. , Adams Julie A. , Hollinger Geoffrey A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOcean monitoring is an expensive and time consuming endeavor, but it can be made more efficient through the use of teams of autonomous robots. In this paper, we present a system for the autonomous identification and tracking of ocean fronts by coordinating the sampling efforts of a heterogeneous team of autonomous surface vehicles (ASVs) and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). The primary contributions of this study are (1) our algorithm for performing autonomous coordination using general autonomy principles: Sequential Allocation Monte Carlo Tree Search (SA‐MCTS) which incorporates domain knowledge into the environmental estimation through both augmenting a standard Gaussian process with a nearest neighbors prior and planning in a drifting reference frame, (2) our decision support user interface to help human operators oversee the autonomous system, and (3) the demonstration of the system's operation in a 2‐week long deployment in the Gulf of Mexico using a heterogeneous team of four Slocum gliders and two robotic ocean surface samplers. With these contributions, we aim to bridge the gap between state of the art autonomy algorithms and marine vehicle planning methods that have been tested in large‐scale field trials. This paper presents the first deployment of a general, heuristic‐based, multi‐robot coordination algorithm for an extended sampling mission.
Phase transitions of Best‐of‐two and Best‐of‐three on stochastic block models
Authors: Shimizu Nobutaka , Shiraga Takeharu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis is concerned with voting processes on graphs where each vertex holds one of two different opinions. In particular, we study the Best‐of‐two and the Best‐of‐three. Here at each synchronous round, each vertex updates its opinion to match the majority among the opinions of two random neighbors and itself (the Best‐of‐two) or the opinions of three random neighbors (the Best‐of‐three). In this study, we consider the Best‐of‐two and the Best‐of‐three on the stochastic block model G(2n, p, q), which is a random graph consisting of two distinct Erdős–Rényi graphs G(n, p) joined by random edges with a density q ≤ p. We prove phase transition results for these processes: there is a threshold r∗ such that, if q/p > r∗ then the process reaches consensus within rounds and the process requires rounds if q/p < r∗. For the Best‐of‐two and Best‐of‐three, the thresholds are and r∗ = 1/7, respectively.
The size‐Ramsey number of short subdivisions
Authors: Draganić Nemanja , Krivelevich Michael , Nenadov Rajko 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe r‐size‐Ramsey number of a graph H is the smallest number of edges a graph G can have such that for every edge‐coloring of G with r colors there exists a monochromatic copy of H in G. For a graph H, we denote by Hq the graph obtained from H by subdividing its edges with q − 1 vertices each. In a recent paper of Kohayakawa, Retter and Rödl, it is shown that for all constant integers q, r ≥ 2 and every graph H on n vertices and of bounded maximum degree, the r‐size‐Ramsey number of Hq is at most , for n large enough. We improve upon this result using a significantly shorter argument by showing that for any such graph H.
Personality antecedents of challenge and threat appraisal
Authors: Tomaka Joe , Magoc Dejan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIt has been suggested in personality and emotion theories that traits can influence emotional states and behaviour through interpretive processes such as cognitive appraisals. The present study investigated the relationships between Big Five personality dimensions and the cognitive appraisal processes associated with challenge and threat states in a large sample of municipal firefighters. The study assessed the Big Five traits and cognitive appraisal tendencies using a new measure of challenge‐threat appraisal that measured appraisals directly and aggregated both across stressful situations and within six specific stressor domains. The results indicated that the Big Five traits related to overall challenge‐threat appraisal and their accompanying primary and secondary components in unique and compelling ways, with some traits related more strongly to primary appraisals of situational demands and others related more to secondary appraisals of coping abilities. Overall, the results provide insights into how personality traits are associated with stress‐related emotional experiences.
Imaging Secondary Electron Emission from a Single Atomic Layer
Authors: Dyck Ondrej , Swett Jacob L. , Lupini Andrew R. , Mol Jan A. , Jesse Stephen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGraphene‐based devices hold promise for a wide range of technological applications. Yet characterizing the structure and the electrical properties of a material that is only one atomic layer thick still poses technical challenges. Recent investigations indicate that secondary‐electron electron‐beam‐induced current (SE‐EBIC) imaging can reveal subtle details regarding electrical conductivity and electron transport with high spatial resolution. Here, it is shown that the SEEBIC imaging mode can be used to detect suspended single layers of graphene and distinguish between different numbers of layers. Pristine and contaminated areas of graphene are also compared to show that pristine graphene exhibits a substantially lower SE yield than contaminated regions. This SEEBIC imaging mode may provide valuable information for the engineering of surface coatings where SE yield is a priority.
Metal‐Organic Framework Hybrids Aid Metabolic Profiling for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Li Xinxing , Kulkarni Anuja Shreeram , Liu Xun , Gao Wei‐Qiang , Huang Lin , Hu Zhiqian , Qian Kun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common fatal cancer worldwide, accounting for ≈10% of cancer‐related mortality. Metabolic shift occurs from the very early stage during the development of CRC, which is of significant etiological and diagnostic importance toward precision medicine. Here, an advanced molecular tool to characterize the metabolic alterations in CRC, based on metal‐organic framework (MOF) hybrids is reported. Consuming only 500 nL of plasma without any sample pretreatment, MOF hybrids yield direct metabolic fingerprints by laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry in seconds. A diagnostic prediction model by a machine learning algorithm is constructed, to discriminate CRC patients from normal controls with an average area under the curve of 0.947 for the discovery cohort and 0.912 for the independent validation cohort. In addition, CRC‐specific metabolic signature consisting of 34 potential biomarkers, based on the aforementioned diagnostic model is identified. The results advance the design of nanomaterial‐based platforms for metabolic analysis and establish a new liquid biopsy tool for CRC screening compatible with the current clinical workflow in practice.
A managerial operationalization of antifragility and its consequences in supply chains
Authors: Größler Andreas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRobust systems can recover after a shock to a previous steady state. Thus, to make organizations robust is a frequent goal of system dynamics projects. However, in recent years, the adequacy of robustness as a design criterion for systems (and, thus, of the models that represent them) has been challenged based on the ideas of antifragility, that is, the ability of a system to recover after a shock and to achieve a higher performance level than before the shock. The purpose of this article is to propose how antifragility can be interpreted and operationalized in managerial settings and to explore what consequences result from its existence for supply chain behaviour and performance. System dynamics modelling and simulation are employed, and the insights of the analyses are used for a critique of the antifragility concept. It is demonstrated that the antifragility concept can lose its unambiguous advantage in highly dynamic situations.
Photosynthesis metabolism in the Compositae: Current knowledge and future directions
Authors: Siniscalchi Carolina M. , Edwards Robert D. , Gomez Jorge L. , Moore Erika R. , Mandel Jennifer R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCompositae accounts for ca. 10% of all flowering plants, being found in nearly all types of habitats worldwide. The family is particularly diverse in markedly dry and seasonal habitats, raising questions about what processes led to diversification in these challenging environments. The presence of C4 and CAM metabolism in some Compositae taxa has been known since the 1970s, and although some of these taxa have been extensively studied, such as Flaveria, there has been no systematic effort in gathering and reviewing data about photosynthesis metabolism in the family in the last few decades. In the present paper, we gathered data from more than 50 articles, spanning several different methods, raising information on photosynthesis metabolism for more than 400 Compositae species. We also present newly acquired carbon isotope data for 66 species, mostly from previously unsampled tribes. We analyzed photosynthesis metabolism in the tribe Tageteae using a phylogeny and ancestral character reconstruction. C4 photosynthesis in Compositae is restricted to two tribes: Tageteae, where it had two independent origins, and Coreopsideae, where it seems to have arisen only once. CAM metabolism is found in succulent members of tribe Senecioneae, and in Astereae and Eupatorieae, with an unknown number of evolutionary origins. We discuss the evolutionary implications of the results and propose future directions for studying photosynthesis metabolism in the family.
For a Better World for All: Teaching the Sustainable Development Goals Through Trade Books
Authors: Holshouser Kaitlyn O. , Medina Adriana L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this practitioner‐based teaching tip, the authors provide pragmatic tips to teachers regarding the integration of global education and literacy instruction. Through the pairing of the Sustainable Development Goals and carefully selected trade books, teachers are provided with a framework that can help them get started transforming their curriculum into one that is more globally minded. Throughout this teaching tip, teachers are encouraged to position themselves as learners along with their students, familiarize themselves with the Sustainable Development Goals, evaluate trade books for their relevancy to the Sustainable Development Goals, and explore the connections between local and global issues that are directly relevant to their students’ lives. Detailed steps walk readers through the planning process and excerpts from a teacher’s classroom provide support for the implementation practices recommended by the authors. Website and book recommendations provide teachers with tangible resources that can be easily transferred to classroom practice.
Ischaemic myelopathy in a cat with chronic kidney disease, hyperthyroidism, and hyperaldosteronism
Authors: Silvestrini Paolo , Piviani Martina , Sanchez Masian Daniel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIschaemic myelopathy (IM) in cats often affects the cervical region. It is generally associated with an underlying predisposing condition with systemic arterial hypertension due to chronic kidney disease and cardiomyopathies the most frequently reported. The present case report describes the successful management of an old cat presented for acute onset of weakness, neck ventroflexion, and ataxia as a result of cervical IM secondary to severe systemic hypertension associated with hyperthyroidism, chronic renal disease, and primary hyperaldosteronism. Feline cervical IM carries a favourable prognosis with resolution of neurological deficits unless the underlying medical condition is not resolved, favouring further ischaemic events.