bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
encore: an O (Ng2) estimator for galaxy N-point correlation functions
Authors: Philcox Oliver H E , Slepian Zachary , Hou Jiamin , Warner Craig , Cahn Robert N , Eisenstein Daniel J 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a new algorithm for efficiently computing the N-point correlation functions (NPCFs) of a 3D density field for arbitrary N. This can be applied both to a discrete spectroscopic galaxy survey and a continuous field. By expanding the statistics in a separable basis of isotropic functions built from spherical harmonics, the NPCFs can be estimated by counting pairs of particles in space, leading to an algorithm with complexity $\mathcal {O}(N_\mathrm{g}^2)$ for Ng particles, or $\mathcal {O}(N_\mathrm{FFT}\log N_\mathrm{FFT})$ when using a Fast Fourier Transform with NFFT grid-points. In practice, the rate-limiting step for N &gt; 3 will often be the summation of the histogrammed spherical harmonic coefficients, particularly if the number of radial and angular bins is large. In this case, the algorithm scales linearly with Ng. The approach is implemented in the encore code, which can compute the 3PCF, 4PCF, 5PCF, and 6PCF of a BOSS-like galaxy survey in ${\sim}100$ CPU-hours, including the corrections necessary for non-uniform survey geometries. We discuss the implementation in depth, along with its GPU acceleration, and provide practical demonstration on realistic galaxy catalogues. Our approach can be straightforwardly applied to current and future data sets to unlock the potential of constraining cosmology from the higher point functions.
The role of impacts on the atmospheres on the moons of outer giants
Authors: Sinclair Catriona A , Wyatt Mark C 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTWe investigate the comparative effect of impacts by trans-Neptunian Objects on the atmospheres of the moons Ganymede, Callisto, Europa, and Titan. We derive an analytic prescription for the ‘stalling mass’ (i.e. the atmosphere mass at which equilibrium between erosion and volatile delivery occurs), which is tested against a numerical model, demonstrating that the behaviour of the atmosphere matches the analytic prediction, albeit with stochastic events causing orders of magnitude variability. We find that bombardment, neglecting other effects, predicts atmosphere erosion on Ganymede, Callisto, and Europa leading to masses in quantitative agreement with the observed atmospheres. The predicted masses are relatively insensitive to the impactor size and velocity distributions, but sensitive to impactor density and volatile content. Crucially, we find that in this model the frequent arrival of 1–20 km-sized objects sets the quiescent atmosphere masses of the different moons, with atmospheres returning to these levels on ∼100 Myr time-scales at current bombardment levels, and larger impactors causing stochastic excursions to larger atmosphere masses. This quiescent level is higher on Titan than the Jovian moons due to the typically slower impact velocities, but to recreate Titan’s massive current atmosphere an additional volatiles contribution is needed, which may be provided by impact-triggered outgassing. If so, the predicted mass is then dependent on the outgassing efficiency and the volatile mass contained in the crust, both of which are uncertain. This work highlights the role that impacts may have played in shaping the atmosphere evolution of outer Solar system moons, and the importance of stochastic effects.
Cynomops planirostris(Chiroptera: Molossidae)
Authors: López Berrizbeitia M Fernanda , Díaz M Mónica 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe southern dog-faced bat, Cynomops planirostris (Peters, 1866), is a molossid that occurs from Colombia, Venezuela, and the Guianas, through Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil to Paraguay and Argentina. It is insectivorous, inhabiting areas near rivers and forests. The species is characterized by having a chest and venter with a white or cream-colored spot, a broad upper lip that projects forward, and ears almost touching at their base. Cynomops planirostris is presently listed as “Least Concern” (LC) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species.
The Japan Society for Neuro-Oncology guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system germ cell tumors
Authors: Nakamura Hideo , Takami Hirokazu , Yanagisawa Takaaki , Kumabe Toshihiro , Fujimaki Takamitsu , Arakawa Yoshiki , Karasawa Katsuyuki , Terashima Keita , Yokoo Hideaki , Fukuoka Kohei , Sonoda Yukihiko , Sakurada Kaori , Mineharu Yohei , Soejima Toshinori , Fujii Motoaki , Shinojima Naoki , Hara Junichi , Yamasaki Kai , Fujimura Junya , Yamasaki Fumiyuki , Takahashi Mayu , Suzuki Tomonari , Sato Iori , Nishikawa Ryo , Sugiyama Kazuhiko 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPrimary CNS germ cell tumors (GCTs) are rare neoplasms predominantly observed in the pediatric and young adult populations. In line with the hypothesis that the primordial germ cell is the cell-of-origin, histopathological examinations for this pathology involve a diverse range of components mirroring the embryogenic developmental dimensions. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the mainstays of treatment, with surgery having a limited role for diagnosis and debulking of residual tissue after treatment. While better management has been achieved over recent decades by modifying radiation coverage and selecting appropriate chemotherapy, standardization of treatment remains challenging, partly due to the low volume of cases encountered in each institution. As the incidence is higher in East Asia, including Japan, the Japan Society for Neuro-Oncology established a multidisciplinary task force to create an evidence-based guideline for CNS GCTs. This guideline provides recommendations for multiple dimensions of clinical management for CNS GCTs, with particular focus on diagnostic measures including serum markers, treatment algorithms including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, and under-investigated but important areas such as treatment for recurrent cases, long-term follow-up protocols, and long-term sequelae. This guideline serves the purpose of helping healthcare professionals keep up to date with current knowledge and standards of management for patients with this rare disease in daily clinical practice, as well as driving future translational and clinical research by recognizing unmet needs concerning this tumor.
Anti-invasive efficacy and survival benefit of the YAP-TEAD inhibitor verteporfin in preclinical glioblastoma models
Authors: Barrette Anne Marie , Ronk Halle , Joshi Tanvi , Mussa Zarmeen , Mehrotra Meenakshi , Bouras Alexandros , Nudelman German , Jesu Raj Joe Gerald , Bozec Dominique , Lam William , Houldsworth Jane , Yong Raymund , Zaslavsky Elena , Hadjipanayis Constantinos G , Birtwistle Marc R , Tsankova Nadejda M 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundGlioblastoma (GBM) remains a largely incurable disease as current therapy fails to target the invasive nature of glioma growth in disease progression and recurrence. Here, we use the FDA-approved drug and small molecule Hippo inhibitor Verteporfin (VP) to target YAP-TEAD activity, known to mediate convergent aspects of tumor invasion/metastasis, and assess the drug’s efficacy and survival benefit in GBM models.MethodsUp to 8 low-passage patient-derived GBM cell lines with distinct genomic drivers, including 3 primary/recurrent pairs, were treated with VP or vehicle (VEH) to assess in vitro effects on proliferation, migration, invasion, YAP-TEAD activity, and transcriptomics. Patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDX) models were used to assess VP’s brain penetrance and effects on tumor burden and survival.ResultsVP treatment disturbed YAP/TAZ-TEAD activity; disrupted transcriptome signatures related to invasion, epithelial-to-mesenchymal, and proneural-to-mesenchymal transition, phenocopying TEAD1-knockout effects; and impaired tumor migration/invasion dynamics across primary and recurrent GBM lines. In an aggressive orthotopic PDX GBM model, short-term VP treatment consistently diminished core and infiltrative tumor burden, which was associated with decreased tumor expression of Ki67, nuclear YAP, TEAD1, and TEAD-associated targets EGFR, CDH2, and ITGB1. Finally, long-term VP treatment appeared nontoxic and conferred survival benefit compared to VEH in 2 PDX models: as monotherapy in primary (de novo) GBM and in combination with Temozolomide chemoradiation in recurrent GBM, where VP treatment associated with increased MGMT methylation.ConclusionsWe demonstrate combined anti-invasive and anti-proliferative efficacy for VP with survival benefit in preclinical GBM models, indicating potential therapeutic value of this already FDA-approved drug if repurposed for GBM patients.
Current landscape and future perspectives in preclinical MR and PET imaging of brain metastasis
Authors: Aasen Synnøve Nymark , Espedal Heidi , Keunen Olivier , Adamsen Tom Christian Holm , Bjerkvig Rolf , Thorsen Frits 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Brain metastasis (BM) is a major cause of cancer patient morbidity. Clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) represent important resources to assess tumor progression and treatment responses. In preclinical research, anatomical MRI and to some extent functional MRI have frequently been used to assess tumor progression. In contrast, PET has only to a limited extent been used in animal BM research. A considerable culprit is that results from most preclinical studies have shown little impact on the implementation of new treatment strategies in the clinic. This emphasizes the need for the development of robust, high-quality preclinical imaging strategies with potential for clinical translation. This review focuses on advanced preclinical MRI and PET imaging methods for BM, describing their applications in the context of what has been done in the clinic. The strengths and shortcomings of each technology are presented, and recommendations for future directions in the development of the individual imaging modalities are suggested. Finally, we highlight recent developments in quantitative MRI and PET, the use of radiomics and multimodal imaging, and the need for a standardization of imaging technologies and protocols between preclinical centers.
Pussy Riot
Authors: Peraino Judith A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Pussy Riot emerged in 2011 as an anonymous Russian political activist art collective that impersonated a punk rock band in their staging of protests against the autocratic regime of Vladimir Putin. In 2012, three of its members were tried and imprisoned for nearly two years, which garnered the attention and outrage of the United States and Western European countries. The illegal punk performance actions of Pussy Riot, disseminated in edited videos through the Internet, depended on late capitalism’s global network, which turns DIY underproduction into viral capitalistic overproduction (to use Shane Greene’s terms of analysis). These are the same technological routes and apparatuses of disinformation through which Russia attempted to sow social discord to the advantage of Donald Trump in the 2016 election. This essay traces the reconfiguration of punk in the course of the actions and trial of Pussy Riot, from the generic punk music stance of jamming the system with loud noise and mischievous fakery, to an understanding of punk as an activism that works through the court system and champions transparency. In the face the lawless autocracies of Putin and Trump, where shocking disregard for institutions has become an overproduced political norm, punk rebellion ironically may take the form of a methodical and rigorous investment in the rule of law. Pussy Riot’s post-trial punk does not envision anarchy, but rather a functioning legal system and government institutions that that protect human rights.
The Temporal Constitution of Democracies
Authors: Schäfer Andreas , Merkel Wolfgang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The specific institutionalization of time is a major defining element of democracies and a vulnerable condition of their stability and legitimacy. The first part of the chapter covers the regular temporal routines of democratic systems. In the synchronic dimension, it considers the time requirements of democratic practices and examines the timed relationship between different levels and actors of the democratic system. In the diachronic dimension, the chapter asks for the time horizons that temporal constitutions of democracies create for political actors—related to future expectations and to past experiences. The second part of the chapter turns to time challenges democracies face today. First, it addresses the issue of social acceleration that goes along with potential vulnerabilities and adaptabilities of democratic systems. Second, the chapter discusses problems created by situations of crisis in states of emergency and in democratic transitions. Based on that, the chapter draws some conclusions for future research.
The New Music Business Ecosystem and Antitrust Concerns in China
Authors: Jing Xiang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The current Chinese new music business ecosystem is based on Moore’s business ecosystem theory; the practices by some music platforms, especially through the signing of exclusive music license agreement, have led to a highly concentrated oligopolistic market that generates antitrust concerns. Thus there is potential abuse of market power by major music platforms as well as other basic problems. Against the backdrop of a dynamic business ecosystem, there are also some debatable questions arising at the interface of copyright law and antitrust law. Finally, although a dynamic music business ecosystem may be distinguished from a traditional music market, antitrust law should still be applied to the new business pattern to maintain a fair playing field for all stakeholders in the Chinese new music ecosystem.
The Law of Musical Borrowing
Authors: Carroll Michael W. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Creating music often involves borrowing from preexisting sources. Copyright law applies to a range of common borrowing practices including sampling, remixing, linking, and creating user-generated content for online platforms. When analyzing musical borrowing, it is important to first establish what aspects of musical creativity copyright does and does not protect. A series of cases illustrate when the law identifies borrowing of unprotected aspects of prior works, such as musical ideas, common melodic sequences, and chord progressions. Other cases illustrate how the law also permits some borrowing of protected expression if the borrowing is fair use. Digital technology facilitates musical borrowing, and certain online practices such as posting hyperlinks to other musical sources are permitted unless the person posting the links knows that the link leads to infringing material, intends to encourage others to infringe or meets other requirements for secondary liability for copyright infringement.
The Campaign for Atlanta
Authors: Hess Earl J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The Atlanta Campaign produced more refugees than any other operation of the Civil War, both inadvertently and on purpose. Most residents fled Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman’s advancing army group, taking slaves and movable property along. The Federals also removed hundreds of women factory workers from industrial plants along the north side of the Chattahoochee River, exiling them north. Sherman’s artillery bombarded Atlanta for several weeks, and he removed 3,500 residents after capturing the place to turn the city into a garrison town. Historians believe the fall of Atlanta had a direct impact on helping Pres. Abraham Lincoln win reelection in the fall of 1864. Even if the Atlanta Campaign was not the turning point of the latter part of the Civil War, as some historians assert, it was a major episode of the conflict that resonated on the national as well as regional level.
Judicial Review and Administrative Justice
Authors: Arvind T. T. , Halliday Simon , Stirton Lindsay 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThere has been little dialogue or contact between the literatures on administrative justice and judicial review. This chapter argues that the two share common concerns and would benefit from closer engagement. Using a scheme based on Mary Douglas’s grid-group cultural theory, it suggests that judicial review can and does discharge a variety of tasks that are fundamentally concerned with administrative justice. A closer focus on these tasks, and on the contribution they make to infusing justice into the functioning of administrative government, has the potential to productively reframe the concerns of judicial review scholarship and overcome the current ‘clash of styles’ that currently characterises theoretical work in public law.
Government Watchdog Agencies and Administrative Justice
Authors: Stuhmcke Anita 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWatchdog agencies render government accountable to the citizen and play an important role in raising standards of public administration. Yet, in what is a global phenomenon, watchdog agencies struggle to keep pace with the realities of modern government. Often lacking formal constitutional or legislative protections, watchdog agencies are susceptible to use for political purposes. This article suggests that the normative framing of ‘integrity’ may guard against this structural vulnerability. Australia is discussed as a case study of a jurisdiction where integrity may facilitate the service of watchdog agencies to administrative justice rather than to the underlying administration of the state.
Transformations in American Political Participation
Authors: Rohlinger Deana A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to offer a critical review of the sociological literature on political participation and, in doing so, to underscore the importance of power dynamics to understanding political engagement in the digital age. The author argues that the focus on social movements, the organizations that animate them, and the conditions under which they emerge and decline made it difficult for sociologists to incorporate digital media into their theorizing. A key problem in this regard is that sociologists have not done a good job of accounting for the ability of individuals and small groups to use technologies to advocate for political change. One way for sociologists to rebalance their theoretical and empirical efforts is to think more critically about the relationship between structure and agency and how this might (dis)empower individuals and groups. The author illustrates the utility of this approach by, first, outlining how power shapes whether and how an individual gets politically involved and, then, discussing how power influences the form a group takes as well as its influence in political processes. The chapter concludes with a discussion of directions for future research.
A Primer on Relational Frame Theory
Authors: Harte Colin , Barnes-Holmes Dermot 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Both relational frame theory (RFT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) are based on the assumption that the evolution of human language (conceptualized as derived relational responding) creates the potential for a form of psychological suffering unique to the human species. Furthermore, it has often been argued that RFT provides the basic science foundation for ACT. Rather than dwell on these features of RFT, this article focuses on providing an up-to-date summary of the theory itself. Specifically, an historical and contemporary overview of RFT is presented, along with the details of recent ongoing efforts to advance the theory as a general behavior-analytic account of human language and cognition. In doing so, we provide a modern vision of how RFT may continue to connect with ACT in the years to come.
Politics of Belonging
Authors: Zenker Olaf 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPolitical projects of belonging are concerned with sentiments of being ‘at home’ within specific collectivities, rooted in entanglements of people’s social locations, narratives of identification, and value regimes at varying intersections. Global history attests to the numerous ways in which modes of belonging have been juridified and legally restricted, and how legal categories have become populated and turned into markers of identity, thus revealing the politics of belonging as a normative project par excellence. In the shadows of accelerating globalization, recent decades have brought about an ever-diversifying and heavily contested multitude of identity politics, in light of which the time-honoured politics of belonging is bound to persist as a crucial concern for law and anthropology in the twenty-first century. Charting the contours of this complex terrain, this chapter engages with citizenship as an arguably still dominant, if not hegemonic, political identity as well as with alternative political projects of belonging. Zooming in on closely related territorial modes of belonging—ethnicity, nationhood/nationalism, diaspora, indigeneity, identities conventionally described as ‘autochthony’, and citizenship—it proposes an overarching framework of ‘contested autochthonies’ which allows the cross-cutting constructions of individual-territory-group triads, and their mutual interactions, to be studied at shifting scales. Against the backdrop of a case study of conflicting autochthonies in the South African postcolony, the chapter concludes by highlighting the close interdependencies between the (re)production of distributed senses of belonging and the attendant (re)distribution of belongings—and thus the need for an integrated analysis of recognition and (re)distribution in the politics of belonging.
Gymnasium and Polis
Authors: Kennell Nigel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The article sketches the development of the gymnasium from its origins in the archaic period to the later Hellenistic period when, in addition to its military function, the gymnasium was a multi-use complex numbering among a city’s largest buildings. Epigraphical and archaeological evidence provide insights into the gymnasium’s infrastructure, user groups, and contests which were peculiar to it. Its administrator, the gymnasiarch, was a prominent official, whose position provided opportunities for displays of competitive generosity. The gymnasium also received benefactions from the local elite, kings, and dynasts, who thereby burnished their reputations as supporters of Hellenic culture. Gymnasia were also equipped with instructors in athletic and military subjects, with lectures or courses in the liberal arts mostly provided by travelling teachers. The homogeneity of its programme throughout the Greek world made the gymnasium an effective vehicle for transmitting Hellenic culture to non-Greeks, although Jewish society was ambivalent about its benefits.