bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A machine learning‐based survival prediction model of high grade glioma by integration of clinical and dose‐volume histogram parameters
Authors: Chen Haiyan , Li Chao , Zheng Lin , Lu Wei , Li Yanlin , Wei Qichun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeGlioma is the most common type of primary brain tumor in adults, and it causes significant morbidity and mortality, especially in high‐grade glioma (HGG) patients. The accurate prognostic prediction of HGG is vital and helpful for clinicians when developing therapeutic strategies. Therefore, we propose a machine learning‐based survival prediction model by analyzing clinical and dose‐volume histogram (DVH) parameters, to improve the performance of the risk model in HGG patients.MethodsEight clinical variables and 39 DVH parameters were extracted for each patient, who received radiotherapy for HGG with active follow‐up. Ninety‐five patients were randomly divided into training and testing cohorts, and we employed random survival forest (RSF), support vector machine (SVM), and Cox proportional hazards (CPHs) models to predict survival. Calibration plots, concordance indexes, and decision curve analyses were used to evaluate the calibration, discrimination, and clinical utility of these three models.ResultsThe RSF model showed the best performance among the three models, with concordance indexes of 0.824 and 0.847 in the training and testing sets, respectively, followed by the SVM (0.792/0.823) and CPH (0.821/0.811) models. Specifically, in the RSF model, we identified age, gross tumor volume (GTV), grade, Karnofsky performance status (KPS), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), and D99 as important variables associated with survival. The AUCs of the testing set were 92.4%, 87.7%, and 84.0% for 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year survival, respectively. According to this model, HGG patients can be divided into high‐ and low‐risk groups.ConclusionThe machine learning‐based RSF model integrating both clinical and DVH variables is an improved and useful tool for predicting the survival of HGG patients.
Angiographic characteristics and long‐term outcomes of single‐vessel chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with and without previous myocardial infarction
Authors: Hu Xiaoying , Qiao Shubin , Guan Changdong , Guo Chao , Duan Xin , Xie Lihua , Wu Fan , Yang Weixian , Song Lei , Xu Bo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluated the angiographic characteristics and clinical outcomes of chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) among patients with and without a history of myocardial infarction (MI).BackgroundThe pathogenesis of CTO and myocardial viability are different in cases with or without previous MI. However, the lesion characteristics and clinical outcomes are unclear for these two groups.MethodsWe reviewed consecutive patients who underwent single‐vessel CTO PCI from 2010 to 2013. Patients were classified according to their history of MI. Acute procedural results were classified as optimal recanalization, suboptimal recanalization, or technical failure. The primary endpoint was the 5 year rate of cardiac death.ResultsWe identified 2,191 eligible patients, including 859 patients (39.2%) with previous MI. The overall technical success rate was 74.4%. Relative to the non‐MI group, the MI group had a larger reference vessel diameter (3.0 ± 0.5 vs. 2.9 ± 0.4 mm, p = .002), a lower proportion of Werner grade ≥ 1 collateral circulation (65.4 vs. 79.2%, p < .001), a higher proportion of optimal recanalization (63.1 vs. 58.6%, p = .006), and a higher 5‐year rate of cardiac death (3.9 vs. 2.1%, p = .02). In the MI group, suboptimal recanalization was associated with a significantly higher 5‐year rate of spontaneous MI, relative to optimal recanalization and technical failure (11.7 vs. 4.6 vs. 4.1%, p = .006).ConclusionsPatients with CTO and previous MI had a larger reference vessel diameter, lower level of collateral circulation, and higher proportion of optimal recanalization. However, suboptimal recanalization in these patients was associated with an increased risk of spontaneous MI.
Effects of partial preheated dough on its frozen characteristics: Baking, water mobility, thermal, and microstructural properties
Authors: Yuan Yirong , Hong Tingting , Ma Yongshuai , Xu Dan , Zhang Huang , Jin Yamei , Wu Fengfeng , Xu Xueming 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesFlour heat treatment is commonly used to improve dough and bread quality. This study creatively proposed applying partial preheated dough (PPHD) to frozen dough and evaluated bread characteristics and its internal mechanism systematically.FindingsResults suggested that moderate PPHD level presented higher specific volume, softer hardness, more appealing brown crust color and more uniform texture of frozen dough bread. Moisture status analysis showed that PPHD restricted the mobility of overall water molecules and the migration from bound water to semi‐bound water. DSC and RVA results suggested that the inter‐ and intramolecular association of starch granules, leading to abundant formation of hydrogen bonds, strengthened the gluten matrix network. Besides, gelatinized starch granules in PPHD served as a paste to promote the cross‐linking of starch and gluten, which was observed by SEM.ConclusionsPartial preheated dough inhibited ice recrystallization by restricting water migration and formed a highly networked starch–gluten structure that delayed its destruction during freezing.Significance and noveltyThis study demonstrated obvious improvement of PPHD on frozen dough quality and further explained the mechanism systematically. Moreover, the method was innovative, simple, and easy to operate, so it could help to promote the development of the frozen dough industry.
Ocular heterotopic bone formation in a guinea pig: A case report with 7‐month follow‐up using advanced ophthalmic imaging technology
Authors: Goto So , Zhu Qiurong , Jensen Kelly , Torres Josue A. , Wildsoet Christine F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAdvanced ophthalmic imaging techniques can provide important clinical insights into the pathophysiological changes in heterotopic bone formation (HBF). This case report revealed progression of ocular HBF in the guinea pig over a period of 7 months.
The SP‐TLR axis, which locally primes the nasal mucosa, is impeded in patients with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Larsson Olivia , Sunnergren Ola , Bachert Claus , Kumlien Georén Susanna , Cardell Lars Olaf 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundSubstance P (SP) and toll‐like receptors (TLRs) contribute to airway disease, particularly during viral infection. We recently demonstrated that SP can act as an initial response to viral stimuli in the upper airway by upregulating TLRs in the nasal epithelia (the SP‐TLR axis). Patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) suffer from prolonged airway infections. The aim of the present study was to examine if patients with AR exhibit a disturbance in the SP‐TLR axis.MethodHuman nasal biopsies and human nasal epithelial cells (HNEC) from healthy volunteers and patients with AR were cultured in the presence of SP. Epithelial expression of TLR4, neutral endopeptidase (NEP) and neurokinin 1 (NK1) were evaluated with flow cytometry and/or quantitative polymerase chain reaction after 30 min to 24 h. The effect of SP on nasal lipopolysaccharide‐induced interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) release was investigated.ResultsSP stimulation of tissue from healthy volunteers resulted in a transient increase of the TLR4 expression, whereas stimulation of AR patient‐derived material led to a delayed and prolonged upregulation of TLR4. NEP expression in HNEC was lower in AR than healthy controls whereas NK1 receptor expression was increased. SP pretreatment increased TLR4‐dependent IL‐8 expression in healthy controls, but not in AR.ConclusionsSP‐induced regulation of TLR4 in the human nasal mucosa is disturbed in AR. An altered SP‐mediated innate immune response may contribute to the dysfunctional and often prolonged responses to infection in AR.
A Novel CYP2C‐Haplotype Associated With Ultrarapid Metabolism of Escitalopram
Authors: Bråten Line Skute , Haslemo Tore , Jukic Marin M. , Ivanov Maxim , Ingelman‐Sundberg Magnus , Molden Espen , Kringen Marianne Kristiansen 
Published: March 2021

Escitalopram is one of the most commonly used antidepressant drugs but exhibits a substantial interindividual variation in clinical response. A key factor underlying response differences is the polymorphic nature of the CYP2C19 gene encoding the major enzyme responsible for escitalopram metabolism. Although pre‐emptive CYP2C19 genotyping may improve escitalopram treatment outcome by dose individualization, much of the interindividual variability cannot be assigned to the currently known CYP2C19 gene variants. The aim of the present study was to search for novel CYP2C‐haplotypes for better genetic prediction of escitalopram metabolism. First, the CYP2C18/CYP2C19 locus was sequenced from gDNA obtained from 24 patients previously genotyped as CYP2C19*1/*1 showing consistently low serum concentrations of escitalopram (< 25 nM/10 mg). Three new haplotypes of the CYP2C locus (CYP2C:TG, CYP2C:TA, and CYP2C:CG) were here identified, and their functional roles were evaluated using gDNA from 875 previously genotyped escitalopram‐treated patients. The CYP2C:CG and CYP2C:TA haplotypes had no significant impact on escitalopram concentration. Based on the estimated effects of the novel CYP2C‐haplotypes on escitalopram exposure, the predicted serum concentrations of escitalopram in homozygous CYP2C:TG and CYP2C19*17 carriers were 24.8% and 17.3% lower compared with the baseline (CYP2C:CG and CYP2C:TA), respectively. In conclusion, a novel CYP2C‐haplotype defined by rs2860840T and rs11188059G associated with ultrarapid metabolism of escitalopram was identified. Further studies should clarify the genetic basis for the enhanced escitalopram metabolism and the impact of the CYP2C:TG haplotype on the metabolism of other CYP2C19 substrates like omeprazole, voriconazole, and clopidogrel.
The Oxidative Cleavage of 9,10‐Dihydroxystearic Triglyceride with Oxygen and Cu Oxide‐based Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Vassoi Andrea , Tabanelli Tommaso , Sacchetti Annalisa , Di Gioia Francesca , Capuzzi Luigi , Cavani Fabrizio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper deals with a new heterogeneous catalyst for the second step in the two‐step oxidative cleavage of unsaturated fatty acids triglycerides derived from vegetable oil, a reaction aimed at the synthesis of azelaic and pelargonic acids. The former compound is a bio‐monomer for the synthesis of polyesters; the latter, after esterification, is used in cosmetics and agrochemicals. The reaction studied offers an alternative to the currently used ozonization process, which has severe drawbacks in terms of safety and energy consumption. The cleavage was carried out with oxygen, starting from the glycol (dihydroxystearic acid triglyceride), the latter obtained by the dihydroxylation of oleic acid triglyceride. The catalysts used were based on Cu2+, in the form of either an alumina‐supported oxide or a mixed, spinel‐type oxide. The CuO/Al2O3 catalyst could be recovered, regenerated, and recycled, yielding promising results for further industrial exploitation.
Stand‐alone PV water pumping system based on high‐gain resonant inverter fed induction motor serving two‐head for permanent water supply
Authors: Tripathi Prabhat R. , Thakura Parashuram , Laxmi Vijay , Keshri Ritesh Kumar 
Published: March 2021

SummaryA vast community of developing countries, like India, is still deprived of a proper water supply system. Such communities often depend on hand‐pumps, ponds, and ravines for their daily water needs. Government‐subsidized PV‐based water pumps have emerged as a boon for such communities. But intermittent nature of solar irradiation and unavailability at night time poses a big challenge. To mitigate this challenge, the present article proposes a stand‐alone PV‐based induction motor‐driven water pumping system serving a dual‐head, that is, an overhead storage tank and ground level supply. A single‐stage three‐phase high‐gain resonant inverter (HGRI) is proposed for driving the induction motor. A back‐ended wide bandgap (WBG) device‐based boost converter is used to extract maximum power from PV by employing the MPPT algorithm. HGRI injects sinusoidal current to the induction motor while operating it through PV power matched modified V/f control algorithm, thus minimizing the torque ripple. HGRI coupled with boost converter provides a high‐gain voltage boost at the output; enabling wide input voltage operation, which increases the operability of the system in high as well as low irradiation level. The practicality of the system is validated on a laboratory‐developed hardware test bed with a 1.5HP induction motor.
An evaluation of bottleneck bandwidth and round trip time and its variants
Authors: Zhang Songyang , Lei Weimin , Zhang Wei , Li Hao 
Published: March 2021

SummaryThe congestion control mechanism is one of the most important components in Internet, which guarantees network normal operation and prevents network from congestion collapse. It is noticed that traditional loss‐based algorithms are not moving data very well in today's Internet. To get channel resource highly utilized, such algorithms maintain a standing queue of packets at bottleneck and cause large transmission delay. Recently, effort has been devoted from academia and industry to design new solution which could achieve high throughput and low transmission delay simultaneously. There are several fruitful results such as the bottleneck bandwidth and round trip time (BBR) and Vivace, Copa, Cellular Controlled delay TCP (C2TCP). Among them, BBR is the most eminent one. There are other variant algorithms by modifying some parameters in BBR for possible improvement, and BBR has also evolved drastically into version 2 (BBRv2). In this work, a framework is implemented to evaluate the performance of these algorithms on ns3. Interested readers could test other congestion control algorithms or design new methods. Moreover, this work can work as reference for engineers to tune parameters in BBR or choose other solutions for their applications.
A missing link in the mid‐late Permian record of north‐eastern Pangea: A sedimentological evaluation of the Permian Belfast Harbour Evaporite Formation of County Antrim, Northern Ireland
Authors: Andeskie Anna Sofia , Benison Kathleen C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAncient salt deposits preserve a record of highly specific environmental, climatic and biological conditions, including past surface water chemistry and water depths, local air temperatures, atmospheric composition and halophilic microorganisms. This paper presents the first sedimentological study of the mid‐Late Permian Belfast Harbour Evaporite Formation of Northern Ireland. This formation is dominated by bedded halite, contains some siliciclastic mudstone and bedded anhydrite, and is cross‐cut by intrusive igneous rocks. The bedded halite lithology contains bottom‐growth chevron and cornet crystals, efflorescent crusts and dissolution pipes, which are evidence of a saline surface brine that underwent periods of evapoconcentration, desiccation and flooding. The mudstone lithology contains dewatering structures, intraclasts and mudcracks, which indicate flooding and desiccation in dry mudflats. Bedded anhydrite was deposited as beds of gypsum cumulate crystals in saline surface waters. The Belfast Harbour Evaporite Formation was formed by saline lakes with associated mudflats, based on sedimentary characteristics and supported by mineralogical, geochemical and stratigraphic context. Diagenetic features reflect dissolution and cementation at the surface and shallow subsurface in the depositional environment and limited late‐stage alterations. Syndepositional dissolution pipes in bedded halite were formed by flooding events. Early halite cement is present in dissolution pipes and mudstones. Gypsum/anhydrite repeatedly dehydrated and rehydrated to form an interlocking crystal mosaic. Later features include fluid migration and the intrusion of mafic rocks. The Belfast Harbour Evaporite Formation was deposited by an ephemeral saline lake and dry mudflat system in an arid climate. This study, when compared to age‐equivalent continental deposits elsewhere, suggests that arid settings with saline lakes existed across much of Pangea during the Permo‐Triassic. The Belfast Harbour Evaporite Formation stratigraphically underlies the extremely low pH saline lakes of the Mercia Mudstone Group, implying that it aids in understanding the formation of Pangean acid brine lakes.
Gene expression patterns associated with dental replacement in the rabbit, a new model for the mammalian dental replacement mechanisms
Authors: Bertonnier‐Brouty Ludivine , Viriot Laurent , Joly Thierry , Charles Cyril 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundUnlike many vertebrates with continuous dental replacement, mammals have a maximum of two dental generations. Due to the absence of dental replacement in the laboratory mouse, the mechanisms of the mammalian tooth replacement system are poorly known. In this study, we use the European rabbit as a model for mammalian tooth development and replacement.ResultsWe provide data on some key regulators of tooth development. We detected the presence of SOX2 in both the replacement dental lamina and the rudimentary successional dental lamina of unreplaced molars, indicating that SOX2 may not be sufficient to initiate and maintain tooth replacement. We showed that Shh does not seem to be directly involved in tooth replacement. The transient presence of the rudimentary successional dental lamina in the molar allowed us to identify genes that could be essential for the initiation or the maintenance of tooth replacement. Hence, the locations of Sostdc1, RUNX2, and LEF1 vary between the deciduous premolar, the replacement premolar, and the molar, indicating possible roles in tooth replacement.ConclusionAccording to our observations, initiation and the maintenance of tooth replacement correlate with the presence of LEF1+ cells and the absence of both mesenchymal RUNX2 and epithelial Sostdc1+ cells.
Putting a dollar value on eating disorders: What is next?: Commentary on Streatfeild et al. (2021)
Authors: Le Long Khanh‐Dao , Mihalopoulos Cathrine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEating disorders (EDs) have been associated with economic and quality of life burden. Several cost‐of‐illness studies has been reported, however, the study by Streatfeild et al. (2021) for the first time provided a comprehensive analysis of the economic burden of EDs in the United States. This study provides an opportunity to highlight the critical need for evaluating effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of preventive and treatment interventions for EDs. However, to be able to do, this further enhancement and inclusion of EDs into population health surveillance and health services data are required. While there were some limitations in the cost‐of‐illness study undertaken by Streatfeild et al. (2021), it does nonetheless present very reasonable recommendations as to what is required next. We agree that the likely impacts and costs of EDs are substantive and there is certainly a strong case for further research investment in this traditionally underinvested area.
Regional movements of satellite‐tagged whale sharks Rhincodon typus in the Gulf of Aden
Authors: Andrzejaczek Samantha , Vély Michel , Jouannet Daniel , Rowat David , Fossette Sabrina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo gain insight into whale shark (Rhincodon typus) movement patterns in the Western Indian Ocean, we deployed eight pop‐up satellite tags at an aggregation site in the Arta Bay region of the Gulf of Tadjoura, Djibouti in the winter months of 2012, 2016, and 2017. Tags revealed movements ranging from local‐scale around the Djibouti aggregation site, regional movements along the coastline of Somaliland, movements north into the Red Sea, and a large‐scale (>1,000 km) movement to the east coast of Somalia, outside of the Gulf of Aden. Vertical movement data revealed high occupation of the top ten meters of the water column, diel vertical movement patterns, and deep diving behavior. Long‐distance movements recorded both here and in previous studies suggest that connectivity between the whale sharks tagged at the Djibouti aggregation and other documented aggregations in the region are likely within annual timeframes. In addition, wide‐ranging movements through multiple nations, as well as the high use of surface waters recorded, likely exposes whale sharks in this region to several anthropogenic threats, including targeted and bycatch fisheries and ship‐strikes. Area‐based management approaches focusing on seasonal hotspots offer a way forward in the conservation of whale sharks in the Western Indian Ocean.
Brucella spp. and Francisella tularensis from an invasive alien species (Sus scrofa) in the southcentral USA
Authors: Peper Steven T. , Hoffarth Anna , Athanasiou Kevin , Hawkins Samuel L. , Wilson‐Fallon Alexander N. , Gibson Anna , Reinoso Webb Cynthia , Gaskamp Joshua A. , Webb Stephen L. , Haydett Katelyn M. , Tiffin Hannah S. , Presley Steven M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWild pig (Sus scrofa) populations in the United States are expanding and increasing in distribution and abundance and are known to reservoir a variety of pathogens that can have economic and agricultural impacts. We examined wild pigs for exposure to Brucella spp. and Francisella tularensis from Oklahoma and Texas to determine their potential role as a regional reservoir for these pathogens since wild pigs co‐occur with livestock, especially on rangelands in this region. Antibodies to Brucella spp. and F. tularensis were found in every location sampled and during multiple years. Overall, wild pigs had a 12.5% prevalence of Brucella spp. and a 14.8% prevalence of F. tularensis in this study. Wild pig prevalence of Brucella spp. was 43 times higher in southcentral Oklahoma compared to previously published results. Understanding and monitoring regional disease prevalence rates in wild pigs are necessary, especially on rangelands managing for livestock that may be susceptible to these diseases.