bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysing the Sustainability of Cascade Recycling in Plastic Manufacturing
Authors: Tanti Karl , Rochman Arif , Refalo Paul 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study ventures to further sustainable manufacturing by showing how a cascade recycling approach can be utilised by a plastic cosmetic packaging company. Three reprocessing cycles were assessed from product quality, environmental, financial and social points of view. It is shown how the cascade approach did not negatively affect the quality of the produced parts and when compared to a no-recycling scenario, the proposed three-cascade recycling approach results in 28.1% less costs and 29.3% less carbon footprint. The labour increases up to a maximum of 7 hours per 50,000 products. When compared to a conventional in-house recycling scenario, the proposed approach would reduce the costs by 11.7% and the carbon footprint by 12.9%.
Life cycle assessment of recyclable, reusable and dematerialised plastic cosmetic packages
Authors: Jordan Gatt Isaac , Refalo Paul 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Design for Recycling and Design for Reuse are two different approaches which can be employed separately or concurrently. When designed for reuse, products are typically more robust in order to increase their probability to be used more than once. If reuse is not possible, it is essential that dematerialisation and recycling are applied. This study assessed the environmental impacts resulting from reusable, recyclable and dematerialised plastic cosmetic packages. Life cycle assessments of different versions were conducted, to identify what features are responsible for such impacts. Findings showed that removing components which are made from resourceful materials, and which render the package to be reusable, resulted in a 74% reduction in environmental impacts only when the packaging materials are fully recycled. Hence this study concludes that in such cases, reuse should be given prominence, as recycling would only depend on the user and the infrastructure in place.
How Can China Achieve A Sustainable Development of Shale Gas? Implications of River Chief System to water governance for shale gas in China
Authors: Dong Qianyu , Zhou Ling 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Along with China’s ambitious strategy for shale gas development, water contamination risks with shale gas extraction has aroused great attention. Meanwhile, an innovative water management mechanism called as ‘River Chief System’ has been popularizing around China to improve the river water quality efficiently. Could this mechanism be available in shale gas water risk management?And how could it be adapted to improve the sustainable development of shale gas?Therefore, this paper starts by a discussion on the logic of River Chief System’ success and worries; then, a comprehensive examination of current multi-channel governance system of shale gas in China is presented to explore the dilemmas in its water governance; and a causal loop model is built to clarify interrelations among these dilemmas. The result identifies that River Chief System’s superiorities which can be learned are mainly reflected in clear responsibility, authority and multi-sectoral collaboration system. However, its temporary “campaign-style” character, over-reliant on the commitment and capability of river chief, blurred evaluation mechanism has hindered its expanding in the long run. Accordingly, 5 policy implications based on River Chief System for the sustainable improvement of shale gas is presented.
Transition towards Solar-Powered built environment: spatial distributions and impacting factors of Australian solar installations
Authors: Zhang Yanquan , Chang Ruidong , Zuo Jian , Emma Zhang Wei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
With the advantages of non-renewable energy conservation and environmental protection, solar energy technology has been widely used worldwide. Data shows that solar systems has been increasingly installed from 2006 to 2016 in Australia. However, impacting factors on Australian solar system installation remain unknown. Therefore, this paper provides a spatial regression analysis to identify the factors that influence households to install the solar panels. Solar installation maps of 2006, 2011, and 2016 are compared to investigate the changes and development of solar distribution. Besides, cluster maps are analyzed to investigate the cluster area distributions. Through analyzing statistical variables such as regression coefficient, p-value, z-value, and Moran’s I value, it can be concluded that educational qualification, population, and household composition have substantial positive relevancies to the installation of solar systems. It also shows that the low solar installation cluster areas mainly distribute at the center of Australia.
The evolution of China’s new energy policy (1995-2021): an analysis based on policy tools
Authors: Sun Yuechi , Liu Haiyan , Su Yaxin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Greenhouse gas emissions lead to global warming, which has been widely concerned by the international community. Further strengthening energy conservation and emission reduction is an urgent need to deal with global climate change. As a responsible big country, China has been formulating strong policies and measures to achieve the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction. Taking the evolution process of China’s new energy policy as an example, based on the policy tool theory and using the content analysis method, this paper studies the structural evolution of China’s new energy policy from 1995 to 2021. The results show that: (1) With the passage of time, the frequency and intensity of policy combination from the central government to local governments gradually increase; (2)In the use of new energy policy tools, Central government departments and local government departments mainly use mandatory command and control tools, supplemented by economic incentives and social autonomy tools (3) According to the different tasks of energy conservation and emission reduction, the eastern coastal provinces tend to use more applicable and flexible economic incentives, while the central and western provinces tend to use command and control tools. Based on the change trend of China’s new energy policy from 1995 to 2021, this study predicts that in the next 10 years, the mandatory tools will be the first policy tools to be used, and the mixed tools and voluntary tools will be appropriately added to promote China’s goal of carbon peak and carbon neutralization.
Integration of Artificial Intelligence and Life Cycle Assessment Methods
Authors: Oduque de Jesus José , Oliveira-Esquerre Karla , Lima Medeiros Diego 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques support environmental tools based on the growing availability of data and information, aligning the concepts of data modeling and analysis. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an environmental tool that requires a large volume of data to measure the performance of a product and to simulate the proposed scenarios to improve its performance. This research reviewed studies using AI techniques and their intersection with LCA from data mining. This study identified some AI techniques used in LCA studies. However, there is a lack of LCA literature using AI techniques, despite the benefits of integrated modeling. The results show that different AI algorithms are used to build LCA models. The AI algorithms of the studies act from the identification of the problem to the solution stage, therefore the integration between AI and LCA makes it possible to build predictive models of machine learning to enable assertiveness in decision making.
Towards Artificial Intelligence in Urban Waste Management: an early prospect for Latin America
Authors: Bijos J C B F , Queiroz L M , Zanta V M , Oliveira-Esquerre K P 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The expectations about the increase of solid waste generation are a global concern in order to mitigate the negative impacts caused by this scenario. Recent experiences show advantages in applying Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Urban Solid Waste (USW) management. Although, developing countries face many structural and governance barriers that limits the real potential of applying these technologies. This study presents a worldwide outlook about the application of AI in USW management and identifies the reality of Latin America countries in this new context. It is especially important to improve monitoring and to create data management platforms. Also, this study collaborates on the minimization of possible technological boundaries posed to Latin America region and besides, it can be considered a reference study for countries in similar conditions.
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) For Clay Roof Tiles-Case Study: Production Plant of Clay Roof Tiles in Republic of Serbia
Authors: Drpić Aleksandar , Spasojević-Šantić Tea , Radojević Zagorka 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) is a standardized way of quantifying the impact of a product or system on the environment. This study evaluates the environmental impact of 1 tone of clay roof tiles, produced in production plant in Serbia, defined and grouped by use of Product Category Rules (PCR). The purpose of this study is to determine: (1) life cycle stages of the product which have the major impact on the environment expressed as environmental impact categories; (2) the processes of clay roof tile production which have the most important effects on the environment also expressed as environmental impact categories. The LCA analysis has been conducted with the One Click LCA software, developed by Bionova Ltd, Finland. All processes have been modelled based on the inventory data given in the Ecoinvent database (v3.6). According to the results in this study and observed from the aspect of the product life cycle, the production process has the major impact on the environment, and from the aspect of the resources used, the major impact on the environment has the consumption of energy and the use of raw materials.
Numerical Analysis of inlet vortex in the scaled engine
Authors: Biglarian M , Najafi A , Negharchi S M 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA jet engine that works near the ground and generates high thrust at low speed can experience the flow separation from the ground surface up to its inlet and, as a result, the formation of a famous vortex. This vortex extended from the ground surface to the fan inlet is known as the inlet vortex. In the present study, a jet engine model scaled down by 1/30 relative to the real jet engine with 3 million hexahedral elements is simulated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The obtained results agree with empirical relationships, and the inlet vortex can be analyzed in scales much lower than the original prototype. Also, the inlet vortex gets weakened by increasing free stream velocity and completely degraded at higher velocities. By understanding how this phenomenon occurs and can be dealt with, the Foreign Object Damages (FOD) such as compressor surge, fan vibration, and particle ingestion into the engine core can be prevented.
Design and research of dual-wavelength polarization multiplexing multifocal metalens based on superimposed nano-antenna array
Authors: Lv Shuyuan , Jia Jie , Luo Wenfeng , Li Xinhui 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this study, based on the single-layer metasurface structure, a dual-wavelength polarization multiplexing metalens is designed at the communication wavelengths of 1310 nm and 1550 nm, respectively. Using the dual-phase modulation method, a single-wavelength polarization multiplexing metalens is proposed, which can simultaneously control left-handed circularly polarized light (LCP) and right-handed circularly polarized light (RCP). Furthermore, the cross superposition method is used to combine them to achieve the dual-wavelength polarization multiplexing metalens. The results show that the system can achieve polarization multiplexing at the two wavelengths of 1310 nm and 1550 nm, which is consistent with the expected results, and the focusing efficiency reached 61%. With the increase of the numerical aperture, the focusing intensity of the left and right focal points gradually approaches, and the difference between the full width at half maximum of the two focal points also decreases accordingly. It provides a new way for the optical imaging, information detection and the realization of multifunctional ultra-surface devices.
Radiomics outperforms clinical factors in characterizing human papilloma virus (HPV) for patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Bagher-Ebadian Hassan , Siddiqui Farzan , Ghanem Ahmed I , Zhu Simeng , Lu Mei , Movsas Benjamin , Chetty Indrin J 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Purpose. To utilize radiomic features extracted from CT images to characterize Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) for patients with oropharyngeal cancer squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Methods. One hundred twenty-eight OPSCC patients with known HPV-status (60-HPV + and 68-HPV-, confirmed by immunohistochemistry-P16-protein testing) were retrospectively studied. Radiomic features (11 feature-categories) were extracted in 3D from contrast-enhanced (CE)-CT images of gross-tumor-volumes using ‘in-house’ software (‘ROdiomiX’) developed and validated following the image-biomarker-standardization-initiative (IBSI) guidelines. Six clinical factors were investigated: Age-at-Diagnosis, Gender, Total-Charlson, Alcohol-Use, Smoking-History, and T-Stage. A Least-Absolute-Shrinkage-and-Selection-Operation (Lasso) technique combined with a Generalized-Linear-Model (Lasso-GLM) were applied to perform regularization in the radiomic and clinical feature spaces to identify the ranking of optimal feature subsets with most representative information for prediction of HPV. Lasso-GLM models/classifiers based on clinical factors only, radiomics only, and combined clinical and radiomics (ensemble/integrated) were constructed using random-permutation-sampling. Tests of significance (One-way ANOVA), average Area-Under-Receiver-Operating-Characteristic (AUC), and Positive and Negative Predictive values (PPV and NPV) were computed to estimate the generalization-error and prediction performance of the classifiers. Results. Five clinical factors, including T-stage, smoking status, and age, and 14 radiomic features, including tumor morphology, and intensity contrast were found to be statistically significant discriminators between HPV positive and negative cohorts. Performances for prediction of HPV for the 3 classifiers were: Radiomics-Lasso-GLM: AUC/PPV/NPV = 0.789/0.755/0.805; Clinical-Lasso-GLM: 0.676/0.747/0.672, and Integrated/Ensemble-Lasso-GLM: 0.895/0.874/0.844. Results imply that the radiomics-based classifier enabled better characterization and performance prediction of HPV relative to clinical factors, and that the combination of both radiomics and clinical factors yields even higher accuracy characterization and predictive performance. Conclusion. Albeit subject to confirmation in a larger cohort, this pilot study presents encouraging results in support of the role of radiomic features towards characterization of HPV in patients with OPSCC.
Leaf phosphorus fractionation in rice to understand internal phosphorus-use efficiency
Authors: Hayes Patrick E , Adem Getnet D , Pariasca-Tanaka Juan , Wissuwa Matthias 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Phosphorus (P) availability is often limiting for rice (Oryza sativa) production. Improving internal P-use efficiency (PUE) is crucial to sustainable food production, particularly in low-input systems. A critical aspect of PUE in plants, and one that remains poorly understood, is the investment of leaf P in different chemical P fractions (nucleic acid-P, lipid-P, inorganic-P, metabolite-P and residual-P). The overarching objective of this study was to understand how these key P fractions influence PUE.

Methods
Three high-PUE and two low-PUE rice genotypes were grown in hydroponics with contrasting P supplies. We measured PUE, total P, P fractions, photosynthesis and biomass.

Key Results
Low investment in lipid-P was strongly associated with increased photosynthetic PUE (PPUE), achieved by reducing total leaf P concentration while maintaining rapid photosynthetic rates. All low-P plants exhibited a low investment in inorganic-P and lipid-P, but not nucleic acid-P. In addition, whole-plant PUE was strongly associated with reduced total P concentration, increased biomass and increased preferential allocation of resources to the youngest mature leaves.

Conclusions
Lipid remodelling has been shown in rice before, but we show for the first time that reduced lipid-P investment improves PUE in rice without reducing photosynthesis. This presents a novel pathway for increasing PUE by targeting varieties with reduced lipid-P investment. This will benefit rice production in low-P soils and in areas where fertilizer use is limited, improving global food security by reducing P fertilizer demands and food production costs.
Stomatal closure during water deficit is controlled by below-ground hydraulics
Authors: Abdalla Mohanned , Ahmed Mutez Ali , Cai Gaochao , Wankmüller Fabian , Schwartz Nimrod , Litig Or , Javaux Mathieu , Carminati Andrea 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Stomatal closure allows plants to promptly respond to water shortage. Although the coordination between stomatal regulation, leaf and xylem hydraulics has been extensively investigated, the impact of below-ground hydraulics on stomatal regulation remains unknown.

Methods
We used a novel root pressure chamber to measure, during soil drying, the relation between transpiration rate (E) and leaf xylem water pressure (ψleaf-x) in tomato shoots grafted onto two contrasting rootstocks, a long and a short one. In parallel, we also measured the E(ψleaf-x) relation without pressurization. A soil–plant hydraulic model was used to reproduce the measurements. We hypothesize that (1) stomata close when the E(ψleaf-x) relation becomes non-linear and (2) non-linearity occurs at higher soil water contents and lower transpiration rates in short-rooted plants.

Key Results
The E(ψleaf-x) relation was linear in wet conditions and became non-linear as the soil dried. Changing below-ground traits (i.e. root system) significantly affected the E(ψleaf-x) relation during soil drying. Plants with shorter root systems required larger gradients in soil water pressure to sustain the same transpiration rate and exhibited an earlier non-linearity and stomatal closure.

Conclusions
We conclude that, during soil drying, stomatal regulation is controlled by below-ground hydraulics in a predictable way. The model suggests that the loss of hydraulic conductivity occurred in soil. These results prove that stomatal regulation is intimately tied to root and soil hydraulic conductances.
Müllerian mimicry and the coloration patterns of sympatric coral snakes
Authors: Bosque Renan Janke , Hyseni Chaz , Santos Maria Luiza Gonçalves , Rangel Eduardo , Da Silva Dias Camila Juliana , Hearin Jacob Beathea , Da Silva Nelson Jorge , Domingos Fabrícius Maia Chaves Bicalho , Colli Guarino Rinaldi , Noonan Brice Patrick 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Coral snakes in the genus Micrurus are venomous, aposematic organisms that signal danger to predators through vivid coloration. Previous studies found that they serve as models to several harmless species of Batesian mimics. However, the extent to which Micrurus species engage in Müllerian mimicry remains poorly understood. We integrate detailed morphological and geographical distribution data to investigate if coral snakes are Müllerian mimics. We found that coloration is spatially structured and that Micrurus species tend to be more similar where they co-occur. Though long supposed, we demonstrate for the first time that coral snakes might indeed be Müllerian mimics as they show some convergence in coloration patterns. Additionally, we found that the length of red-coloured rings in Micrurus is conserved, even at large geographic scales. This finding suggests that bright red rings may be under more substantial stabilizing selection than other aspects of coloration and probably function as a generalized signal for deterring predators.
Extending Procedural Justice Theory to the Chinese Context: The Role of Collective Efficacy
Authors: Wu Guangzhen , Liu Jianhong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecognizing that prior research has paid limited attention to the relevance of neighbourhood context to the procedural justice model of regulation, this study, based on data collected from a recent survey of 2,245 residents in a southeast city in China, examined the relationship between procedural fairness, collective efficacy and citizens’ willingness to cooperate with the police, with a special focus on the role of collective efficacy in the function of the procedural justice theoretical framework. The results of this study revealed that the association between perceived collective efficacy and willingness to cooperate with the police was stronger than that between procedural fairness and the outcome variable. Additionally, this study demonstrated a moderating role of perceived collective efficacy on the relationship between procedural fairness and cooperation (the link between procedural fairness and cooperation was stronger for those with a low level of perceived collective efficacy), further highlighting the relevance of citizens’ perceptions of neighbourhood context to their attitudinal behaviours towards the police. These findings have important implications for the direction of efforts to foster citizens’ support and cooperation.
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Benefit from Enhanced Recovery After Surgery [ERAS] Protocol: A Systematic Review with Practical Implications
Authors: Vigorita Vincenzo , Cano-Valderrama Oscar , Celentano Valerio , Vinci Danilo , Millán Monica , Spinelli Antonino , Pellino Gianluca 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery [ERAS] is widely adopted in patients undergoing colorectal surgery, with demonstrated benefits. Few studies have assessed the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of ERAS in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD]. The aim of this study was to investigate the current adoption and outcomes of ERAS in IBD.

Methods
This PRISMA-compliant systematic review of the literature included all articles reporting on adult patients with IBD who underwent colorectal surgery within an ERAS pathway. PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched. Endpoints included ERAS adoption, perioperative outcomes, and ERAS items more consistently reported, with associated evidence levels [EL] [PROSPERO CRD42021238653].

Results
Out of 217 studies, 16 totalling 2347 patients were included. The median number of patients treated was 50.5. Malnutrition and anaemia optimisation were only included as ERAS items in six and four articles, respectively. Most of the studies included the following items: drinking clear fluids until 2 h before the surgery, fluid restriction, nausea prophylaxis, early feeding, and early mobilisation. Only two studies included postoperative stoma-team and IBD-team evaluation before discharge. Highest EL were observed for ileocaecal Crohn’s disease resection [EL2]. Median in-hospital stay was 5.2 [2.9–10.7] days. Surgical site infections and anastomotic leaks ranged between 3.1–23.5% and 0–3.4%, respectively. Complications occurred in 5.7-48%, and mortality did not exceed 1%.

Conclusions
Evidence on ERAS in IBD is lacking, but this group of patients might benefit from consistent adoption of the pathway. Future studies should define if IBD-specific ERAS pathways and selection criteria are needed.