bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays targeting 18S ribosomal RNA genes for identifying P. vivax and P. ovale species and mitochondrial DNA for detecting the genus Plasmodium
Authors: Chen Xi , Zhang Jiaqi , Pan Maohua , Qin Yucheng , Zhao Hui , Qin Pien , Yang Qi , Li Xinxin , Zeng Weilin , Xiang Zheng , Duan Mengxi , Li Xiaosong , Wang Xun , Mazier Dominique , Zhang Yanmei , Zhao Wei , Rosenthal Benjamin M. , Huang Yaming , Yang Zhaoqing 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has been widely used to diagnose various infectious diseases. Malaria is a globally distributed infectious disease attributed to parasites in the genus Plasmodium. It is known that persons infected with Plasmodium vivax and P. ovale are prone to clinical relapse of symptomatic blood-stage infections. LAMP has not previously been specifically evaluated for its diagnostic performance in detecting P. ovale in an epidemiological study, and no commercial LAMP or rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kits are available for specifically diagnosing infections with P. ovale.

Methods
An assay was designed to target a portion of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) among Plasmodium spp., the five human Plasmodium species and two other assays were designed to target the nuclear 18S ribosomal DNA gene (18S rDNA) of either P. vivax or P. ovale for differentiating the two species. The sensitivity of the assays was compared to that of nested PCR using defined concentrations of plasmids containing the target sequences and using limiting dilutions prepared from clinical isolates derived from Chinese workers who had become infected in Africa or near the Chinese border with Myanmar.

Results
The results showed that 102 copies of the mitochondrial target or 102 and 103 copies of 18S rDNA could be detected from Plasmodium spp., P. vivax and P. ovale, respectively. In 279 clinical samples, the malaria Pan mtDNA LAMP test performed well when compared with a nested PCR assay (95% confidence interval [CI] sensitivity 98.48–100%; specificity 90.75–100%). When diagnosing clinical cases of infection with P. vivax, the 18S rDNA assay demonstrated an even great sensitivity (95.85–100%) and specificity (98.1–100%). The same was true for clinical infections with P. ovale (sensitivity 90.76–99.96%; specificity 98.34–100%). Using plasmid-positive controls, the limits of detection of Malaria Pan, 18S rDNA P. vivax and 18S rDNA P. ovale LAMP were 100-, 100- and tenfold lower than those of PCR, respectively.

Conclusion
The novel LAMP assays can greatly aid the rapid, reliable and highly sensitive diagnosis of infections of Plasmodium spp. transmitted among people, including P. vivax and P. ovale, cases of which are most prone to clinical relapse.

Graphical Abstract
Dynamics of cattle sperm sncRNAs during maturation, from testis to ejaculated sperm
Authors: Sellem Eli , Marthey Sylvain , Rau Andrea , Jouneau Luc , Bonnet Aurelie , Le Danvic Chrystelle , Guyonnet Benoît , Kiefer Hélène , Jammes Hélène , Schibler Laurent 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
During epididymal transit, spermatozoa go through several functional maturation steps, resulting from interactions with epididymal secretomes specific to each region. In particular, the sperm membrane is under constant remodeling, with sequential attachment and shedding of various molecules provided by the epididymal lumen fluid and epididymosomes, which also deliver sncRNA cargo to sperm. As a result, the payload of sperm sncRNAs changes during the transit from the epididymis caput to the cauda. This work was designed to study the dynamics of cattle sperm sncRNAs from spermatogenesis to final maturation.

Results
Comprehensive catalogues of sperm sncRNAs were obtained from testicular parenchyma, epididymal caput, corpus and cauda, as well as ejaculated semen from three Holstein bulls. The primary cattle sncRNA sperm content is markedly remodeled as sperm mature along the epididymis. Expression of piRNAs, which are abundant in testis parenchyma, decreases dramatically at epididymis. Conversely, sperm progressively acquires miRNAs, rsRNAs, and tsRNAs along epididymis, with regional specificities. For instance, miRNAs and tsRNAs are enriched in epididymis cauda and ejaculated sperm, while rsRNA expression peaks at epididymis corpus. In addition, epididymis corpus contains mainly 20 nt long piRNAs, instead of 30 nt in all other locations. Beyond the bulk differences in abundance of sncRNAs classes, K-means clustering was performed to study their spatiotemporal expression profile, highlighting differences in specific sncRNAs and providing insights into their putative biological role at each maturation stage. For instance, Gene Ontology analyses using miRNA targets highlighted enriched processes such as cell cycle regulation, response to stress and ubiquitination processes in testicular parenchyma, protein metabolism in epididymal sperm, and embryonic morphogenesis in ejaculated sperm.

Conclusions
Our findings confirm that the sperm sncRNAome does not simply reflect a legacy of spermatogenesis. Instead, sperm sncRNA expression shows a remarkable level of plasticity resulting probably from the combination of multiple factors such as loss of the cytoplasmic droplet, interaction with epididymosomes, and more surprisingly, the putative in situ production and/or modification of sncRNAs by sperm. Given the suggested role of sncRNA in epigenetic trans-generational inheritance, our detailed spatiotemporal analysis may pave the way for a study of sperm sncRNAs role in embryo development.
Burden and etiology of moderate and severe diarrhea in children less than 5 years of age living in north and south of China: Prospective, population-based surveillance
Authors: Zhou Hong-Lu , Bessey Theresa , Wang Song-Mei , Mo Zhao-Jun , Barclay Leslie , Wang Jin-Xia , Zhang Can-Jing , Ma Jing-Chen , Qiu Chao , Zhao Gan , Li Rong-Cheng , Zhao Yu-Liang , Jiang Baoming , Wang Xuan-Yi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Diarrhea remains the leading cause of childhood illness in China. Better understanding of burden and etiology of diarrheal diseases is important for development of effective prevention measures.

Methods
Population-based diarrhea surveillance was conducted in Sanjiang (southern China) year-round and Zhengding (northern China) in autumn/winter. Stool specimens were collected from children < 5 years of age experiencing diarrhea. The TaqMan Array Card (TAC), based on multiplex real-time PCR, was applied to detect multiple enteric microbial agents simultaneously. Results using these methods were compared to those derived from conventional PCR assays.

Results
During the study period, 6,380 children in Zhengding and 3,581 children in Sanjiang < 5 years of age participated. Three hundred and forty (31.2%) and 279 (22.9%) diarrhea episodes were identified as moderate-to-severe in the two counties, with incidence of 60.4 and 88.3 cases per 1,000 child-years in Zhengding and Sanjiang, respectively. The five most frequently detected bacterial and viral agents in Sanjiang were adenovirus, enterovirus, enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC), rotavirus, and sapovirus all the year round, while the most common viral agents in Zhengding were rotavirus, followed by astrovirus and adenovirus during the cool season. Compared to conventional PCR assay, the average incremental detection via the TAC method was twofold.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrated high diversity and prevalence of multiple major bacterial and viral agents, including rotavirus and calicivirus, among children in China. Further studies are needed to define the public health significance of neglected but frequently detected pathogens such as EAEC, enterotoxigenic E. coli, Campylobacter, adenovirus, and enterovirus.
Severe injury to the brachial neurovascular bundle and muscles due to a horse bite: a case report
Authors: Rudari Hajriz , Jaha Luan , Koshi Adhurim , Vokrri Lulzim 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionOnly a small portion of horse injuries are related to horse bites. In the majority of these occurrences, injuries are minor and self-treated. However, in some cases, the injury may be destructive and limb- and life-threatening. In these instances, the patient requires complex surgery and compound perioperative care.Case reportWe present the case of a 35-year-old Albanian male farm-worker in whom a horse bite caused an extensive lacero-contusive and avulsive wound to the arm. The wound resulted in injury to the brachial artery, brachial and basilic vein, and biceps and brachialis muscles. Nerve structures and underlying humerus remained intact. The initial management of the severe hemorrhagic shock caused by the bleeding at the site of injury included reconstruction of the brachial artery by interposing saphenous graft and that of the brachial vein by termino-terminal anastomosis. Basilic vein was ligated. The wound was extensively debrided, and after a drain was placed in the wound, biceps and brachialis muscles were reconstructed. The patient received several units of red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma before and after surgery, as well as antibiotic, antitetanic, and antirabies prophylaxes. He had several consecutive necrectomies in the following days. However, due to postoperative sepsis and hemorrhagic shock at time of admission, the patient developed acute renal failure, therefore requiring several hemodialysis sessions. After his general and local condition was stabilized, the patient also underwent several reconstructive surgeries.ConclusionHorse bites of large extent require a multidisciplinary approach. The composition of the team of physicians needed for treatment varies depending on the degree of the injury and eventual complications. In the case of our patient, emergency department physicians, vascular and plastic surgeons, intensive care specialists, nephrologists, and infective care specialists were involved. In different instances, the inclusion of other specialists may be necessary to save and functionalize the limbs of the patient, or save his/her life.
A unique three-way Philadelphia chromosome variant t(4;9;22)(q21;q34;q11.2) in a newly diagnosed patient with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Torii Yuka , Nanjo Kana , Toubai Tomomi , Hosokawa Masashi , Sato Ryo , Yamada Akane , Aizawa Keiko , Himuro Masahito , Ito Satoshi , Yamamoto Masakazu , Magenau John , Wilcox Ryan , Ishizawa Kenichi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Chronic myeloid leukemia is a hematologic malignancy associated with the fusion of two genes: BCR and ABL1. This fusion results from a translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22, which is called the Philadelphia chromosome. Although the Philadelphia chromosome is present in more than 90% of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, 5–8% of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia show complex variant translocations. Herein, we report a unique case of a three-way translocation variant in chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia.

Case presentation
A 40-year-old Asian male who presented with leukocytosis was diagnosed with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Cytogenetic karyotyping analysis showed 46,XY,t(4;9;22)(q21;q34;q11.2). He was treated with bosutinib and then changed to dasatinib because of intolerance, and MR4.5 (BCR-ABL/ABL ≦ 0.0032%, international scale) was achieved after 17 months of continuous treatment.

Conclusion
This was the 14th case of t(4;9;22), in particular, a new variant Ph translocation involved in chromosome 4q21 and the first successful case treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the world. We summarize previous case reports regarding three-way variant chromosome translocation, t(4;9;22) and discuss how this rare translocation is linked to prognosis.
Utilization of preventive care among migrants and non-migrants in Germany: results from the representative cross-sectional study ‘German health interview and examination survey for adults (DEGS1)’
Authors: Starker Anne , Hövener Claudia , Rommel Alexander 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
In Germany, different health checks for adults are offered for primary and secondary prevention. Previous findings indicate that preventive care utilization varies according to social determinants, especially migration background. This study examined the extent to which migration background is associated with preventive care utilization, independent of factors like age and socioeconomic status and whether length of stay in Germany has a positive effect on the use of preventive care.

Methods
The first wave of the ‘German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults’ (DEGS1) is a comprehensive data collection facilitating the description of the utilization of general health checks, dental check-ups, skin cancer screening, and cervical cancer screening among people aged 18–79 years with and without migration background. Migration background was differentiated in first-generation migrants having immigrated to Germany themselves or second-generation migrants born in Germany. First-generation migrants were further differentiated by length of stay in Germany, and second-generation migrants as having one or two parents who were born abroad. Multivariate binary logistic regression models with average marginal effects were calculated to analyse the associations between preventive care utilization and migration background.

Results
The sample comprised 7987 participants, 1091 of whom had a migration background. Compared with non-migrants, women and men with migration background— particularly first-generation migrants with length of stay <=20 years in Germany — make less use of preventive care. This association was observed statistically independent from sociodemographic factors. For dental check-ups a significantly lower use was also found for first-generation migrants who have lived in Germany for more than 20 years and second-generation of migrants with two parents born abroad. Post-model predictions showed that the utilization rates of first-generation migrants are gradually converging to the average values for non-migrants.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest inequalities in realized access to preventive care for first-generation migrants particularly for those who have lived in Germany for 20 years or less. Barriers to the utilization of preventive care may be addressed by informing migrant communities about preventive health care services at an early stage after immigration using migrant-sensitive information strategies.
A structural equation modeling analysis of relationships among university students’ readiness for e-learning, self-regulation skills, satisfaction, and academic achievement
Authors: Yavuzalp Nuh , Bahcivan Eralp 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study is to examine the relationships of readiness for e-learning with self-regulation skills, satisfaction, and academic achievement in university students taking campus-based courses via distance learning. In this context, a structural equation model is proposed by taking studies in the literature into consideration. The proposed model is analyzed and discussed in the light of the literature. A total of 749 university students from a state university in Turkey participated voluntarily in the study. A scale of readiness for e-learning, a self-regulated online learning scale, and a satisfaction survey were used as data collection tools in the study. The fit index values obtained from the analysis were observed to be χ2/df = 4.11, CFI = .90, and RMSEA = .06, which were at an acceptable level. The research results reveal that the university students’ readiness for e-learning was effective on their self-regulation skills, satisfaction, and academic achievement. Implementation suggestions are made in line with the research findings and conclusions.
Cross Section Measurements of (n,p) Reactions on Ge Isotopes
Authors: Gkatis G. , Vlastou Rosa , Kalamara A. , Chasapoglou S. , Kokkoris M. , Axiotis M. , Lagoyannis A. , Stamatelatos I. E. 
Published: May 2021

The 72,73Ge(n,p)72,73Ga reaction cross sections were measured at the 5.5MV HV Tandem accelerator of NCSR “Demokritos”, at neutron energies 17.7 and 19.3 MeV by using the activation method. The contamination from the (n,d) and (n,np) reactions on 73Ge and 74 Ge, leading to the 72Ge and 73Ge residual nuclei, respectively, has been taken into account, implementing the corresponding cross sections from TENDL-2017. A systematic investigation of the isotopic effect on all Ge isotopes is also presented, from threshold up to 20MeV, using the present data along with existing data in literature
Three datasets for nutrition environment measures of food outlets located in the Lower Mississippi Delta region of the United States
Authors: Thomson Jessica L. , Landry Alicia S. 
Published: May 2021

This data note provides details of a research database containing 266 food outlets located in five rural towns in the Lower Mississippi Delta region of Mississippi, whose nutrition environments were measured from 2016 to 2018. The food outlet types include grocery stores, convenience stores, full-service restaurants, and fast food restaurants. The purpose of this publication is to describe the three datasets for external researchers who may be interested in making use of them. The datasets are available from the USDA National Agricultural Library’s Ag Data Commons under a CC0 1.0 Universal License: https://doi.org/10.15482/USDA.ADC/1503704.
A cross-sectional study on the pursuit of happiness among healthcare workers in the context of health systems strengthening: The case of Meru County, Kenya.
Authors: Muthuri Rose Nabi Deborah Karimi , Senkubuge Flavia , Hongoro Charles 
Published: May 2021

Background: Happiness is one of the ultimate goals of every human being. Happiness is a significant factor of health system efficiency. Healthcare workers are at the core of every health system. However, up-to-date literature on happiness among healthcare workers is limited. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the self-assessed happiness among healthcare workers in public and mission hospitals in Meru County, Kenya. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, a total of 553 healthcare workers in 24 hospitals completed the Orientations to Happiness questionnaire between June and July 2020. Results: Healthcare workers’ overall happiness was significantly different between hospitals of public and mission ownership (p<0.05). The orientations to happiness mean scores of both pursuits of pleasure and meaning were significantly different between public and mission hospitals (p<0.05). However, there were no statistically significant differences in the pursuit of engagement among the healthcare workers between public and mission hospitals (p<0.05). In both public and mission hospitals, income and the type of toiletry facility were significant factors of overall happiness (p<0.05 or p<0.1). In mission hospitals, eight more variables were statistically significant factors of overall happiness namely type of employment, occurrence of water unavailability, safe drinking water, acceptable main source of water, type of toiletry facility, hospital disposal of garbage, availability of water for hand washing, and overall safety of the hospital working environment (p<0.05 or p<0.1). In public hospitals, additional statistically significant factors of overall happiness were qualification level, and a functional workplace safety and health committee (p<0.05 or p<0.1). Conclusion: Demographic, work-related, and physical work environment factors significantly contribute to healthcare workers overall happiness in both mission and public hospitals. The findings present possible areas of focus for policy and practical implications related to healthcare workers’ happiness aimed at health workforce and health systems strengthening in Kenya.
Factors that influence the implementation of health and social care Standards: a systematic review and meta-summary protocol
Authors: Kelly Yvonne , O’Rourke Niamh , Flynn Rachel , Hegarty Josephine , O’Connor Laura 
Published: May 2021

Health and social care Standards are evidence-based statements that demonstrate a desired level of care. Setting Standards for health and social care is a mechanism by which quality improvements can be achieved. Limited evidence exists on appropriate implementation strategies to overcome challenges with implementing Standards. The aim of this protocol is to set out a comprehensive plan to undertake a systematic search, appraisal and mixed research synthesis of the international literature that examines factors that hinder and facilitate implementation of health and social care Standards in order to inform the design of implementation strategies. A research question, “What are the enablers and barriers to implementing health and social care Standards in health and social care services?” was designed using the ‘SPICE’ (Setting, Perspectives, Interest phenomenon of, Comparison, Evaluation) framework. Electronic databases, grey literature and reference lists from included studies will be searched. Primary qualitative, quantitative descriptive and mixed methods studies reporting on enablers and barriers to implementing nationally endorsed Standards, will be included. The review will focus on experiences and perspectives from multi-level stakeholders including patient and public involvement. The quality of studies will be appraised using appropriate tools and findings used to weight interpretation of findings. Search outputs, data extraction and quality appraisal will be undertaken by two reviewers independently. Sandelowski meta-summary will be used to synthesise the data. Frequency and intensity effect sizes of enablers and barriers will be calculated to evaluate their prevalence across the studies. The Confidence in Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research (CERQual) approach will be applied to assess confidence in the findings of the review. Findings from this examination will inform influencing factors to implementation. Subsequently, this will contribute to pairing Standards with appropriate implementation strategies that will optimise the enabling factors and overcome challenges to implementation.
Subaperture sampling for digital-holography applications involving atmospheric turbulence
Authors: Thornton Douglas E. , Banet Matthias T. , Spencer Mark F. 
Published: May 2021

Using wave-optics simulations, this paper defines what subaperture
sampling effectively means for digital-holography applications
involving atmospheric turbulence. Throughout, we consider the on-axis
phase shifting recording geometry (PSRG) and off-axis PSRG, both with
the effects of sensor noise. The results ultimately show that
(1) insufficient subaperture sampling manifests as an efficiency loss
that limits the achievable signal-to-noise ratio and field-estimated
Strehl ratio; (2) digital-holography applications involving
atmospheric turbulence require at least three focal-plane array (FPA)
pixels per Fried coherence length to meet the Maréchal criterion; and
(3) off-axis PSRG is a valid and efficient implementation with minor
losses, as compared to on-axis PSRG. Such results will inform future
research efforts on how to efficiently use the available FPA
pixels.
In-service crosstalk monitoring in multicore fibers based on precoded DMT system
Authors: Tong Tianhao , Zhang Maoqi , Sun Qizhen , Tang Ming 
Published: May 2021

In-service crosstalk monitoring based on the precoding technique in a discrete multitone (DMT) system is proposed and validated experimentally. The method relies on the ability of time–frequency domain equalization of precoded DMT. Experiments on a 20 GBaud 16 quadrature amplitude modulation DMT system over seven-core weakly coupled multicore fibers (MCFs) are conducted. The inter-core instantaneous average crosstalk (IAXT) is gathered and evaluated in a period as short as 10 µm without disturbing the signal transmission. Such IAXT has a high correlation with the bit error ratio (BER), and a transmission performance evaluation strategy of the MCF transmitting system is developed according to the relationship between IAXT and BER.