bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total-internal-reflection-based optical rotation quasi-phase-matching technique realized in a biaxial electro-optic chiral material to generate highly efficient second harmonic
Authors: Saha Moumita , Deb Sumita 
Published: December 2021

This work demonstrates a total-internal-reflection-based optical rotation quasi-phase-matching technique availing polarization rotation under the influence of an external electric field in a rectangular-shaped potassium niobate crystal coated with a thin layer of gallium phosphide. This thin film is utilized to regulate the phase shifts caused by the propagation of

p

- and

s

-polarized light at the slab-film interface at each total internal reflection bounce point. The peak conversion efficiency of 3.3%/W/cm, obtained from the computer-aided simulation, reflects the combined field effect of optical rotation quasi-phase-matching and fractional quasi-phase-matching techniques. The effect of optical losses and the nonlinear law of reflection have also been included to simulate the generation of a second-harmonic wavelength of 2150 nm.
Multiscale model for forecasting Sabin 2 vaccine virus household and community transmission
Authors: Famulare Michael , Wong Wesley , Haque Rashidul , Platts-Mills James A. , Saha Parimalendu , Aziz Asma B. , Ahmed Tahmina , Islam Md Ohedul , Uddin Md Jashim , Bandyopadhyay Ananda S. , Yunus Mohammed , Zaman Khalequ , Taniuchi Mami 
Published: December 2021

Since the global withdrawal of Sabin 2 oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) from routine immunization, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) has reported multiple circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) outbreaks. Here, we generated an agent-based, mechanistic model designed to assess OPV-related vaccine virus transmission risk in populations with heterogeneous immunity, demography, and social mixing patterns. To showcase the utility of our model, we present a simulation of mOPV2-related Sabin 2 transmission in rural Matlab, Bangladesh based on stool samples collected from infants and their household contacts during an mOPV2 clinical trial. Sabin 2 transmission following the mOPV2 clinical trial was replicated by specifying multiple, heterogeneous contact rates based on household and community membership. Once calibrated, the model generated Matlab-specific insights regarding poliovirus transmission following an accidental point importation or mass vaccination event. We also show that assuming homogeneous contact rates (mass action), as is common of poliovirus forecast models, does not accurately represent the clinical trial and risks overestimating forecasted poliovirus outbreak probability. Our study identifies household and community structure as an important source of transmission heterogeneity when assessing OPV-related transmission risk and provides a calibratable framework for expanding these analyses to other populations.
Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov This trial is registered with clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02477046.
TIPS and splenorenal shunt for complications of portal hypertension in chronic hepatosplenic schistosomiasis–A case series and review of the literature
Authors: Nordmann Tamara , Schlabe Stefan , Feldt Torsten , Gobbi Federico , Krieg Andreas , Bode Johannes G. , Fuchs Andre , Kraef Christian , Praktiknjo Michael , Trebicka Jonel , Ramharter Michael , Addo Marylyn M. , Strassburg Christian , Lohse Ansgar W. , Luedde Tom , Schmiedel Stefan , Orth Hans Martin 
Published: December 2021

Background
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) and shunt surgery are established treatment options for portal hypertension, but have not been systematically evaluated in patients with portal hypertension due to hepatosplenic schistosomiasis (HSS), one of the neglected tropical diseases with major impact on morbidity and mortality in endemic areas.

Methods
In this retrospective case study, patients with chronic portal hypertension due to schistosomiasis treated with those therapeutic approaches in four tertiary referral hospitals in Germany and Italy between 2012 and 2020 were included. We have summarized pre-interventional clinical data, indication, technical aspects of the interventions and clinical outcome.

Findings
Overall, 13 patients with confirmed HSS were included. 11 patients received TIPS for primary or secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding due to advanced portal hypertension and failure of conservative management. In two patients with contraindications for TIPS or technically unsuccessful TIPS procedure, proximal splenorenal shunt surgery in combination with splenectomy was conducted. During follow-up (mean follow-up 23 months, cumulative follow-up time 31 patient years) no bleeding events were documented. In five patients, moderate and transient episodes of overt hepatic encephalopathy were observed. In one patient each, liver failure, portal vein thrombosis and catheter associated sepsis occurred after TIPS insertion. All complications were well manageable and had favorable outcomes.

Conclusions
TIPS implantation and shunt surgery are safe and effective treatment options for patients with advanced HSS and sequelae of portal hypertension in experienced centers, but require careful patient selection.
Coverage evaluation surveys following soil-transmitted helminthiasis and schistosomiasis mass drug administration in Wolaita Zone of Ethiopia—The Geshiyaro project
Authors: Liyew Ewnetu Firdawek , Chernet Melkie , Belay Habtamu , Maddren Rosie , Landeryou Toby , Kalahasti Suprabhath , Ower Alison K. , Mekete Kalkidan , Phillips Anna E. , Anjulo Ufaysa , Endrias Tujuba , Tamiru Adugna , Gidey Bokretsion , Mehari Zelalem , Mengistu Birhan , Tollera Getachew , Tasew Geremew 
Published: December 2021

Introduction
The Geshiyaro project aims to break transmission of soil-transmitted helminths and schistosomiasis in the Wolaita Zone of Ethiopia through a combination of two interventions: behavior change communication (BCC) for increased water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) infrastructure use alongside preventive chemotherapy (PC) using albendazole (ALB) and praziquantel (PZQ), targeted to reach 90% treatment coverage. Coverage evaluation surveys (CES) were conducted post-treatment, and the resultant survey coverage was compared to reported administrative coverage. This provided a secondary confirmation of the Geshiyaro project coverages, and is used to monitor the success of each Mass Drug Administration (MDA) round.

Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 13 woredas (districts) of the Wolaita Zone. All eligible individuals from the selected households were invited for an interview. The study design, sample size, analysis and report writing were conducted according to the World Health Organization (WHO) CES guidelines for PC.

Results
The study interviewed a total of 3,568 households and 18,875 individuals across 13 woredas in the Wolaita Zone. Overall, the survey coverage across all studied woredas was 81.5% (95% CI; 80.9–82.0%) for both ALB and PZQ. Reported administrative coverage across all studied woredas was higher than survey coverage, 92.7% and 91.2% for ALB and PZQ, respectively. A significant portion of individuals (17.6%) were not offered PC. The predominant reason for not achieving the target coverage of 90% was beneficiary absenteeism during MDA (6.6% ALB, 6.8% PZQ), followed by drug distributors failing to reach all households (4.7% ALB, 4.8% PZQ), and beneficiaries not informed of the program (1.3% ALB, 1.7% PZQ).

Conclusion
Programmatic actions will need to be taken during the next MDA campaign to achieve the targeted Geshiyaro project coverage threshold across data collection and program engagement. Adequate training and supervision on recording and reporting administrative coverage should be provided, alongside improved social mobilization of treated communities to increase participation, and strengthened institutional partnerships and communication.
Effect of breastfeeding for 6 months on disease outcomes in patients with Kawasaki disease
Authors: Guo Mindy Ming-Huey , Tsai I-Hsin , Kuo Ho-Chang 
Published: December 2021

Background
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systematic vasculitis that occurs predominantly in young children, and is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children younger than five-years-old in developed countries. Although the etiology of KD is unknown, it is believed to be an inflammatory disease resulting from abnormal immune responses to possible environmental or infectious stimuli in genetically predisposed individuals. Breast milk contains numerous anti-inflammatory factors which may protect against allergic and autoimmune diseases. In this study we tried to examine the effect of breastfeeding for 6 months or more on disease outcomes in patients with Kawasaki disease.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study of 249 KD patients admitted from 1999- 2013 who were older than 6 months at time of diagnosis and had data regarding breastfeeding in the first 6 months of life. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data was collected by chart review. Continuous data was compared using Student’s t-test and categorical variables were compared using Chi-square. Stepwise multivariate regression of all demographic factors was performed.

Results
Breastfeeding for 6 months or more was associated with a shorter total duration of fever (5.980± 1.405 Vs. 6.910 ± 2.573 days, p = 0.001) and a lower risk of developing persistent coronary artery lesions (CALs) (7.8% Vs. 20.2%, p-value = 0.039) on univariate analysis. Multivariate regression of all factors associated with CALs including breastfeeding for 6 months found that only the presence of CALs at baseline (β-coefficient = 0.065, p < 0.001) and white blood count (β-coefficient = 0.065, p = 0.018) remained significant after regression analysis.

Conclusions
Breastfeeding for 6 months or more was associated with a shorter duration of fever and a lower risk of persistent CAL formation in patients with KD on univariate analysis, although this effect may be modest when other factors such as the presence of CALs at baseline and white blood cell count are also taken into consideration.
Maternal mortality associated with COVID-19 in Brazil in 2020 and 2021: Comparison with non-pregnant women and men
Authors: Gonçalves Beatriz Martinelli Menezes , Franco Rossana Pulcinelli V. , Rodrigues Agatha S. 
Published: December 2021

Objective
Mortality rates of pregnant and postpartum women grew in the second COVID-19 pandemic year. Our objective is to understand this phenomenon to avoid further deaths.

Methods
We collected data from SIVEP-Gripe, a nationwide Brazilian database containing surveillance data on all severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by COVID-19, between the first notified case (February 2020) until the 17th epidemiological week of 2021. We stratified patients into maternal women (which includes pregnant and postpartum women), non-maternal women and men and divided them by time of diagnosis in two periods: first period (February to December 2020) and second period (the first 17 epidemiological weeks of 2021 before pregnant and postpartum women were vaccinated).

Results
During the second period, all patients had higher risk of presenting severe COVID-19 cases, but the maternal population was at a higher risk of death (OR of 2.60 CI 95%: 2.28–2.97)–almost double the risk of the two other groups. Maternal women also had a higher risk of needing intensive care, intubation and of presenting desaturation in the second period. Importantly, maternal women presented fewer comorbidities than other patient groups, suggesting that pregnancy and postpartum can be an important risk factor associated with severe COVID-19.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that the Gama variant, which has been related to greater virulence, transmissibility and mortality rates leads to more severe cases of COVID-19 for pregnant and postpartum women.
Perspectives of brain imaging with PET systems
Authors: Majewski Stan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this partial review and partial attempt at vision of what may be the future of dedicated brain PET scanners, the key implementations of the PET technique, we postulate that we are still on a development path and there is still a lot to be done in order to develop optimal brain imagers. Optimized for particular imaging tasks and protocols, and also mobile, that can be used outside the PET center, in addition to the expected improvements in sensitivity and resolution. For this multi-application concept to be more practical, flexible, adaptable designs are preferred. This task is greatly facilitated by the improved TOF performance that allows for more open, adjustable, limited angular coverage geometries without creating image artifacts. As achieving uniform very high resolution in the whole body is not practical due to technological limits and high costs, hybrid systems using a moderate-resolution total body scanner (such as J-PET) combined with a very high performing brain imager could be a very attractive approach. As well, as using magnification inserts in the total body or long-axial length imagers to visualize selected targets with higher resolution. In addition, multigamma imagers combining PET with Compton imaging should be developed to enable multitracer imaging.
GADD45B induced the enhancing of cell viability and proliferation in radiotherapy and increased the radioresistance of HONE1 cells
Authors: Ma Yanning , Huang Dongheng , Li Xingtong , Cheng Wanqin , Huang Xiaomin , Feng Huiyi , Zhu Fengying , Zeng Xiaokang , Zhao Shufen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the key role and mechanism of GADD45B in the radiation resistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines. Radiotherapy-resistant HONE1 (HONE1-R) cells with stable genetic radioresistance were cultured under continuous radiation stimulation. CCK-8 and clone formation assays were used to verify the radioresistance of the cell line. Transcriptome sequencing was used to identify the most important differential signaling pathway in the cell line. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis were used to verify the sequencing results. GADD45B-siRNA was used to knock down the key gene so as to verify the downstream gene expression and analyze its mechanism. The transcriptome analysis showed that 702 genes were upregulated and 772 genes were downregulated in the HONE1-R cell lines. The core differential signaling pathway was mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, and the core differential gene was GADD45B. After GADD45B was knocked down, the cell viability and proliferation ability of HONE1-R cell lines significantly decreased under radiation, and the expression of cyclin B1 and p-CDK1 decreased significantly. MAPK is the core signaling pathway in radioresistance of NPC. GADD45B plays an important role by affecting cell viability and proliferation in NPC radioresistance. GADD45B is a potential target of radioresistance in NPC.
Diagnostic statements: a linguistic analysis of how clinicians communicate diagnosis
Authors: Dahm Maria R. , Crock Carmel 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate from a linguistic perspective how clinicians deliver diagnosis to patients, and how these statements relate to diagnostic accuracy.

Methods
To identify temporal and discursive features in diagnostic statements, we analysed 16 video-recorded interactions collected during a practice high-stakes exam for internationally trained clinicians (25% female, n=4) to gain accreditation to practice in Australia. We recorded time spent on history-taking, examination, diagnosis and management. We extracted and deductively analysed types of diagnostic statements informed by literature.

Results
Half of the participants arrived at the correct diagnosis, while the other half misdiagnosed the patient. On average, clinicians who made a diagnostic error took 30 s less in history-taking and 30 s more in providing diagnosis than clinicians with correct diagnosis. The majority of diagnostic statements were evidentialised (describing specific observations (n=24) or alluding to diagnostic processes (n=7)), personal knowledge or judgement (n=8), generalisations (n=6) and assertions (n=4). Clinicians who misdiagnosed provided more specific observations (n=14) than those who diagnosed correctly (n=9).

Conclusions
Interactions where there is a diagnostic error, had shorter history-taking periods, longer diagnostic statements and featured more evidence. Time spent on history-taking and diagnosis, and use of evidentialised diagnostic statements may be indicators for diagnostic accuracy.
Semidistributivity and Whitman Property in implication zroupoids
Authors: Cornejo Juan M. , Sankappanavar Hanamantagouda P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn 2012, the second author introduced, and initiated the investigations into, the variety 𝓘 of implication zroupoids that generalize De Morgan algebras and ∨-semilattices with 0. An algebraA= 〈A, →, 0 〉, where → is binary and 0 is a constant, is called animplication zroupoid(𝓘-zroupoid, for short) ifAsatisfies: (x→y) →z≈ [(z′ →x) → (y→z)′]′, wherex′ :=x→ 0, and 0″ ≈ 0. Let 𝓘 denote the variety of implication zroupoids andA∈ 𝓘. Forx,y∈A, letx∧y:= (x→y′)′ andx∨y:= (x′ ∧y′)′. In an earlier paper, we had proved that ifA∈ 𝓘, then the algebraAmj= 〈A, ∨, ∧〉 is a bisemigroup. The purpose of this paper is two-fold: First, we generalize the notion of semidistributivity from lattices to bisemigroups and prove that, for everyA∈ 𝓘, the bisemigroupAmjis semidistributive. Secondly, we generalize the Whitman Property from lattices to bisemigroups and prove that the subvariety 𝓜𝓔𝓙 of 𝓘, defined by the identity:x∧y≈x∨y, satisfies the Whitman Property. We conclude the paper with two open problems.
On rapidly oscillating solutions of a nonlinear elliptic equation
Authors: Kadem Houssem Eddine , Bendaas Saida 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The aim of this article is to examine the solutions of the boundary value problem of the nonlinear elliptic equation ε
2△u = f(u). We describe the asymptotic behavior as ε tends to zero of the solutions on a spherical crown C of RN
, (N ≥ 2) in a direct non-classical formulation which suggests easy proofs. We propose to look for interesting solutions in the case where the condition at the edge of the crown is a constant function. Our results are formulated in classical mathematics.Their proofs use the stroboscopic method which is a tool of the nonstandard asymptotic theory of differential equations.
A certain η-parallelism on real hypersurfaces in a nonflat complex space form
Authors: Okumura Kazuhiro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we give the complete classification of real hypersurfaces in a nonflat complex space form from the viewpoint of the η-parallelism of the tensor field h(= (1/2)𝓛
ξ

ϕ). In addition we investigate real hypersurfaces whose tensor h is either Killing type or transversally Killing tensor. In particular, we shall determine Hopf hypersurfaces whose tensor h is transversally Killing tensor by using an application of the classification of real hypersurfaces admitting η-parallelism with respect to the tensor h.
Research on a mechanical model of magnetorheological fluid different diameter particles
Authors: Qiu Jun , Luo Yiping , Li Yuqing , Luo Jiao , Su Zhibin , Wang Ying 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the chain structure of magnetorheological fluid (MRF) magnetic particles was studied and analyzed, the mechanical model of MRF with different diameter ferromagnetic particles was established, silicone oil-based MRF with different particle volume fractions was prepared, the shear properties of the MRF were tested, and the theoretical and experimental data were compared. The experimental results show that the shear stress is stable with the increase of shear strain rate under the action of the magnetic field, and it has a shear thinning effect. The shear stress increases linearly with the increase of particle volume fraction. The shear stress increases with the increase of magnetic induction intensity. After data analysis and in the case of control variables, the average error of improved theoretical data and experimental data is lower than that of previous theoretical data and experimental data, which verifies that the improved theory (mechanical model) has a certain accuracy.
Novel soliton solutions to the Atangana–Baleanu fractional system of equations for the ISALWs
Authors: Asjad Muhammad Imran , Ullah Naeem , Rehman Hamood Ur , Gia Tuan Nguyen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This work deals the construction of novel soliton solutions to the Atangana–Baleanu (AB) fractional system of equations for the ion sound and Langmuir waves by using Sardar-subequation method (SSM). The outcomes are in the form of bright, singular, dark and combo soliton solutions. These solutions have wide applications in the arena of optoelectronics and wave propagation. The bright solitons will be a vast advantage in controlling the soliton disorder, dark solitons are also beneficial for soliton communication when a background wave exists and singular solitons only elaborate the shape of solitons and show a total spectrum of soliton solutions created from the model. These results would be very helpful to study and understand the physical phenomena in nonlinear optics. The performance of the SSM shows that this is powerful, talented, suitable and direct technique to discover the exact solutions for a number of nonlinear fractional models.
Heterotridentate organodiphosphines in Pt(η3-P1X1P2)(Y) (X1 = B, S, or Si) and Pt(η3-P1P2Si1)(Y) derivatives-structural aspects
Authors: Melník Milan , Mikuš Peter 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This review covers almost 30 Pt(II) complexes of the composition Pt(η3-P1X1P2)(Y), (X1 = BL, SL, or SiL), (Y = H, OL, NL, CL, Cl, PL, or I) and Pt(η3-P1P2Si1)(CH3). Heterotridentate ligands form six types of metallocyclic rings: P1CNB1NCP2, P1C2S1C2P2, P1C2Si1C2P2, (most common), P1CNSi1NCP2, and P1C3Si1C3P2 with common B1, S1, or Si1 atoms. In P1C2P2C3Si1 the P2 atom is common. The structural data (Pt–L, L–Pt–L) are analyzed and discussed with an attention to the distortion of a square-planar geometry about Pt(II) atoms as well as trans-influence. The sum of Pt–L(x4) bond distances growing with covalent radius of the X1 and Y atoms.
The Behaviour of High-Rise Building with or without Shear Wall under Different Earthquakes
Authors: Wan Ahmad Saffuan , Kamarudin Muhammad Aimran Amzar , Wan Ariffin Wan Aniq Ridhwan 
Published: December 2021

On the 5th June 2015, an earthquake hit Ranau, Sabah with a magnitude of 6.0 that caused 18 casualties and several injuries are one of the examples that show Malaysia is not safe from any seismic event. Most of the structure in Malaysia was designed not to include seismic action. Furthermore, an area that has a high density of population such as in the central region (Klang valley) and several main cities in Malaysia has less available land to build landed housing and uses high-rise apartments as an alternative. High-rise buildings that are normally having problems with soft story mechanisms and plan irregularity which could lead to severe damage when earthquakes happen. This study aims to observe the response of high-rise buildings when under different earthquakes in the presence of shear walls. To achieve this objective two models were modelled and analyzed by using ETABS software, the one with a shear wall and the one with no shear wall. The methods used in this study were the response spectrum method and time-history analysis. In the end, the parameters observed were base shear, story stiffness, story drift, and story displacement. The observations highlighted that the effect of earthquake intensities shows a significant effect. The acquired results indicated that the building with the shear wall is more resistant and strong structures as compared to buildings without shear wall when undergoing seismic analysis.