bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The obesity paradox may not lead to functional gains in stroke patients undergoing acute inpatient rehabilitation
Authors: Freeman Casey , Blough Allison , Rotich Duncan , Curl Amanda , Eickmeyer Sarah M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionObesity is a risk factor for many adverse health outcomes. However for some cardiac conditions and cancers, evidence of an “obesity paradox” seems to exist where an elevated body mass index (BMI) is linked to protective effects in mortality and functional outcomes. Within the stroke rehabilitation literature, there are conflicting findings on this phenomenon possibly due to unaccounted for variables, such as comorbid medical conditions.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between BMI and functional gains made in acute inpatient stroke rehabilitation, and the effects of multiple confounding variables.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary academic hospital.PatientsThree hundred ninety‐two adults following a recent ischemic (82%) or hemorrhagic (18%) stroke with a mean age 62.9 years.InterventionsAcute inpatient rehabilitation.Main Outcome MeasuresFunctional Independence Measure (FIM) score and BMI.ResultsA significant association was found between motor FIM score gains and elevated BMI when BMI was treated as a continuous variable (p < .05). However, this association disappeared when patient factors and comorbid conditions were taken into account and when BMI was conceptualized categorically (underweight [BMI <18.5], normal [BMI 18.5–24.9], overweight [BMI 25.0–29.9], obese [BMI 30.0–39.9], and severely obese [BMI ≥40.0]). Advanced age, higher motor function on admission, and a diagnosis of diabetes were all significantly associated with decreased motor FIM gains.ConclusionsThe results from this study provide insufficient evidence to support the “obesity paradox” once patient factors and comorbid conditions are taken into account. Diabetes was the single comorbidity tracked that showed a significant association with change in motor function (p = .01). Further studies might explore how the unique interventions of rehabilitation physicians and ancillary health professionals might mitigate the functional debility associated with diabetes and obesity in stroke patients.
Topology evaluation of models for difficult targets in the 14th round of the critical assessment of protein structure prediction (CASP14)
Authors: Kinch Lisa N. , Pei Jimin , Kryshtafovych Andriy , Schaeffer R. Dustin , Grishin Nick V. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis report describes the tertiary structure prediction assessment of difficult modeling targets in the 14th round of the Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction (CASP14). We implemented an official ranking scheme that used the same scores as the previous CASP topology‐based assessment, but combined these scores with one that emphasized physically realistic models. The top performing AlphaFold2 group outperformed the rest of the prediction community on all but two of the difficult targets considered in this assessment. They provided high quality models for most of the targets (86% over GDT_TS 70), including larger targets above 150 residues, and they correctly predicted the topology of almost all the rest. AlphaFold2 performance was followed by two manual Baker methods, a Feig method that refined Zhang‐server models, two notable automated Zhang server methods (QUARK and Zhang‐server), and a Zhang manual group. Despite the remarkable progress in protein structure prediction of difficult targets, both the prediction community and AlphaFold2, to a lesser extent, faced challenges with flexible regions and obligate oligomeric assemblies. The official ranking of top‐performing methods was supported by performance generated PCA and heatmap clusters that gave insight into target difficulties and the most successful state‐of‐the‐art structure prediction methodologies.
V2ACHER: Visualization of complex trial data in pharmacometric analyses with covariates
Authors: Lommerse Jos , Plock Nele , Cheung S. Y. Amy , Sachs Jeffrey R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPharmacometric models can enhance clinical decision making, with covariates exposing potential contributions to variability of subpopulation characteristics, for example, demographics or disease status. Intuitive visualization of models with multiple covariates is needed because sparsity of data in visualizations trellised by covariate values can raise concerns about the credibility of the underlying model. V2ACHER, introduced here, is a stepwise transformation of data that can be applied to a variety of static (non‐ordinary‐differential‐equation‐based) pharmacometric analyses. This work uses four examples of increasing complexity to show how the transformation elucidates the relationship between observations and model results and how it can also be used in visual predictive checks to confirm the quality of a model. V2ACHER facilitates consistent, intuitive, single‐plot visualization of a multicovariate model with a complex data set, thereby enabling easier model communication for modelers and for cross‐functional development teams and facilitating confident use in support of decisions.
Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax: a time to re‐evaluate management
Authors: Cortes‐Telles Arturo , Ortíz‐Farias Diana Lizbeth , Perez‐Hernandez Felipe , Rodriguez‐Morejon Dulce 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSpontaneous pneumothorax (SP) is defined as the presence of air in the pleural cavity and remains a significant health problem. Secondary SP (SSP) is associated with underlying lung diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and interstitial lung disease (ILD), and is associated with poor outcomes. The current guidelines in the management of SSP have not been updated since the last decade; therefore, new protocols focused on the management of SSP should be evaluated. We present two cases of patients admitted with SSP who were treated conservatively due to haemodynamic stability. In both cases, the pneumothoraces resolved without further complications.
Effect of randomizers on the power spectrum excess of space telemetry signals
Authors: Battaglioni Massimo , Baldi Marco , Chiaraluce Franco , Garello Roberto , Calzolari Gian Paolo , Vassallo Enrico 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThis paper presents a thorough analysis of the spectral characteristics of space telemetry signals when randomizers are used to counter the power excess, that is, the increase of the power spectrum in some measurement bandwidths with respect to the transmission of an ideal random signal. We show that a long randomizer actually improves the spectral characteristics but is not able to solve some critical problems appearing when all‐zero frames or almost constant data are transmitted. Suitable solutions are proposed to face these cases, ensuring a small power excess in all possible operation conditions. The impact of high‐order modulations and error correcting codes is also investigated.
Micro‐Nano Processing of Active Layers in Flexible Tactile Sensors via Template Methods: A Review
Authors: Niu Hongsen , Zhang Huiyun , Yue Wenjing , Gao Song , Kan Hao , Zhang Chunwei , Zhang Congcong , Pang Jinbo , Lou Zheng , Wang Lili , Li Yang , Liu Hong , Shen Guozhen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTemplate methods are regarded as an important method for micro‐nano processing in the active layer of flexible tactile sensors. These template methods use physical/chemical processes to introduce micro‐nano structures on the active layer, which improves many properties including sensitivity, response/recovery time, and detection limit. However, since the processing process and applicable conditions of the template method have not yet formed a perfect system, the development and commercialization of flexible tactile sensors based on the template method are still at a relatively slow stage. Despite the above obstacles, advances in microelectronics, materials science, nanoscience, and other disciplines have laid the foundation for various template methods, enabling the continuous development of flexible tactile sensors. Therefore, a comprehensive and systematic review of flexible tactile sensors based on the template method is needed to further promote progress in this field. Here, the unique advantages and shortcomings of various template methods are summarized in detail and discuss the research progress and challenges in this field. It is believed that this review will have a significant impact on many fields of flexible electronics, which is beneficial to promote the cross‐integration of multiple fields and accelerate the development of flexible electronic devices.
Container lifecycle‐aware scheduling for serverless computing
Authors: Wu Song , Tao Zhiheng , Fan Hao , Huang Zhuo , Zhang Xinmin , Jin Hai , Yu Chen , Cao Chun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractElastic scaling in response to changes on demand is a main benefit of serverless computing. When bursty workloads arrive, a serverless platform launches many new containers and initializes function environments (known as cold starts), which incurs significant startup latency. To reduce cold starts, platforms usually pause a container after it serves a request, and reuse this container for subsequent requests. However, this reuse strategy cannot efficiently reduce cold starts because the schedulers are agnostic of container lifecycle. For example, it may ignore soon available containers or evict soon needed containers. We propose a container lifecycle‐aware scheduling strategy for serverless computing, CAS. The key idea is to control distribution of requests and determine creation or eviction of containers according to different lifecycle phases of containers. We implement a prototype of CAS on OpenWhisk. Our evaluation shows that CAS reduces 81% cold starts and therefore brings a 63% reduction at 95th percentile latency compared with native scheduling strategy in OpenWhisk when there is worker contention between workloads, and does not add significant performance overhead.
Effect of rubber aggregate size on static and dynamic compressive properties of rubberized concrete
Authors: Pham Thong M. , Renaud Neil , Pang Voon‐Loong , Shi Feng , Hao Hong , Chen Wensu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study experimentally examines the effect of rubber aggregate size on the static and dynamic behavior of rubberized concrete. Rubberized concrete specimens were prepared with different maximum rubber aggregate sizes ranging from 1 to 3 mm to 3 to 5 mm while the rubber content was kept constant at 15% by volume. The dynamic compressive behavior of rubberized concrete was investigated by using split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests. The experimental results have shown that rubberized concrete with smaller rubber aggregates showed higher static compressive strength as compared to that with larger rubber aggregates. Meanwhile, the rubber aggregate size did not considerably affect the density of rubberized concrete. The use of smaller rubber aggregate size mitigated the slump reduction of rubberized concrete. Rubberized concrete exhibited obvious sensitivity to strain rate and those with larger rubber aggregates showed higher strain rate sensitivity. The progressive damage of rubberized concrete showed more ductile behavior with bulging failure, which was different from the typical concrete under compression. In general, the use of smaller rubber aggregate size was beneficial to the static compressive strength but less effective to the dynamic compressive strength of rubberized concrete as compared to those with larger rubber aggregates.
Nuchal‐type fibroma in a Lhasa Apso
Authors: Venman Lucy , Di Palma Stefano , Dennis Ruth , Murgia Daniela 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA 3‐year old male entire Lhasa Apso presented with a swelling on the right ventral aspect of the mid‐cervical area. Mature connective tissue was identified on histopathologic examination of an incisional biopsy sample. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a mass, possibly in three parts, characterized by striking hypointensity in T1‐weighted, T2‐weighted and T2* gradient‐echo sequences. The tumor was surgically excised, and a proliferation of mature fibroblasts embedded in collagenous matrix was confirmed histologically. Localization and histopathologic features of this proliferation were similar to human nuchal‐type fibroma. Six months after surgery, there was no evidence of recurrence and excision appeared curative.
The combination of an ultrasound‐guided erector spinae plane (ESP) block and epidural morphine as effective intra‐operative adjuncts to opioid premedication in six dogs undergoing lateral thoracotomy
Authors: Gómez Fernández Laura , Huuskonen Vilhelmiina , Potter Joanna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSix dogs were presented to the University College Dublin Veterinary Hospital for either left or right lateral thoracotomy. After opioid premedication and induction of general anaesthesia, ultrasound‐guided erector spinae plane (ESP) block with bupivacaine 0.5% (0.5 mL/kg) or bupivacaine 0.25% (1 mL/kg) was performed in all cases before the surgical procedure along with morphine (0.2 mg/kg) administered epidurally. This combination of local techniques was a successful adjunct to systemic analgesia in these six dogs undergoing lateral thoracotomy, reducing considerably the need for systemic opioids intra‐ and post‐operatively. Ultrasound‐guided ESP block with bupivacaine and epidurally administered morphine provided good multimodal intra‐operative analgesia for dogs undergoing lateral thoracotomy.
A review of wind turbine drivetrain loads and load effects for fixed and floating wind turbines
Authors: Remigius W. Dheelibun , Natarajan Anand 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDrivetrain is one of the important subsystems in the wind turbine and faults and damages in the drivetrain significantly affect the wind turbine's downtime and nonavailability. Understanding the drivetrain dynamics and load effects that results in failures has been a major research area due to challenges in the drivetrain operations and maintenance. A systematic literature review of wind turbine drivetrains is presented according to key research areas of drivetrains, such as modeling and load effects on the drivetrain. Special emphasis is given for the floating wind turbine drivetrains. A review on the state‐of‐art modeling techniques of the drivetrain is presented. Studies concerning the aeroelastic load effects on the drivetrain components especially the gearbox and the bearings are discussed. Several key aspects such as aero‐hydro‐elastic interaction load effect and platform motion excitations on the floating wind turbine drivetrain dynamics are reviewed in detail. Finally, challenges related to floating wind turbine drivetrain are also discussed.This article is categorized under:
Wind Power > Science and Materials
Wind Power > Systems and Infrastructure
Energy Research & Innovation > Science and Materials
Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Properties of Ni(NCS)2‐3‐Cyanopyridine Coordination Compounds including a Ferromagnetic Layered Compound
Authors: Krebs Christoph , Thiele Solveig , Ceglarska Magdalena , Näther Christian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractReactions of Ni(NCS)2 and 3‐cyanopyridine in different solvents lead to the formation of Ni(NCS)2(3‐cyanopyridine)4 (1) already reported in the literature, Ni(NCS)2(3‐cyanopyridine)2(H2O)2 (2), Ni(NCS)2(3‐cyanopyridine)2(CH3OH)2 (3), Ni(NCS)2(3‐cyanopyridine)2(CH3CN)2 (4) and Ni(NCS)2(3‐cyanopyridine)2 (5). The crystal structures of 1–4 consist of discrete octahedral complexes, in which the thiocyanate anions, as well as the 3‐cyanopyridine coligands, are only terminally N‐bonded. In compound 5 the Ni cations are octahedrally coordinated and linked by pairs of thiocyanate anions into dinuclear units that are further connected into layers by single μ‐1,3‐bridging anionic ligands. TG‐DTA measurements of the discrete complex 1 reveal that in the first step half of the coligands are emitted leading to the formation of compound 5. In contrast, compounds 2 and 3 transform into a new crystalline phase of the same composition (6) upon heating that should also contain μ‐1,3‐bridging anionic ligands, but the outcome of this reaction strongly depends on the reaction conditions. The acetonitrile complex 4 is unstable at room temperature and decomposes into a mixture of different phases including the aqua complex 2. Magnetic measurements of compound 5 prove a ferromagnetic transition at Tc=6.0 K. This result is compared to those obtained for other thiocyanate compounds exhibiting a similar layer topology.
Electroweak phase transition with an SU(2) dark sector
Authors: Ghosh Tathagata , Guo Huai-Ke , Han Tao , Liu Hongkai 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We consider a non-Abelian dark SU(2)D model where the dark sector couples to the Standard Model (SM) through a Higgs portal. We investigate two different scenarios of the dark sector scalars with Z2 symmetry, with Higgs portal interactions that can introduce mixing between the SM Higgs boson and the SM singlet scalars in the dark sector. We utilize the existing collider results of the Higgs signal rate, direct heavy Higgs searches, and electroweak precision observables to constrain the model parameters. The SU(2)D partially breaks into U(1)D gauge group by the scalar sector. The resulting two stable massive dark gauge bosons and pseudo-Goldstone bosons can be viable cold dark matter candidates, while the massless gauge boson from the unbroken U(1)D subgroup is a dark radiation and can introduce long-range attractive dark matter (DM) self-interaction, which can alleviate the small-scale structure issues. We study in detail the pattern of strong first-order phase transition and gravitational wave (GW) production triggered by the dark sector symmetry breaking, and further evaluate the signal-to-noise ratio for several proposed space interferometer missions. We conclude that the rich physics in the dark sector may be observable with the current and future measurements at colliders, DM experiments, and GW interferometers.
Higgs coupling measurements and the scale of new physics
Authors: Abu-Ajamieh Fayez , Chang Spencer , Chen Miranda , Luty Markus A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A primary goal of present and future colliders is measuring the Higgs couplings to Standard Model (SM) particles. Any observed deviation from the SM predictions for these couplings is a sign of new physics whose energy scale can be bounded from above by requiring tree-level unitarity. In this paper, we extend previous work on unitarity bounds from the Higgs cubic coupling to Higgs couplings to vector bosons and top quarks. We find that HL-LHC measurements of these couplings compatible with current experimental bounds may point to a scale that can be explored at the HL-LHC or a next-generation collider. Our approach is completely model-independent: we assume only that there are no light degrees of freedom below the scale of new physics, and allow arbitrary values for the infinitely many couplings beyond the SM as long as they are in agreement with current measurements. We also extend and clarify the methodology of this analysis, and show that if the scale of new physics is above the TeV scale, then the deviations can be described by the leading higher-dimension gauge invariant operator, as in the SM effective field theory.
Rationale and design of the EPCHF trial: the early palliative care in heart failure trial (EPCHF)
Authors: Becher Marc Ulrich , Balata Mahmoud , Hesse Michaela , Draht Fabian , Zachoval Christian , Weltermann Birgitta , Westenfeld Ralf , Neukirchen Martin , Pfister Roman , Standl Thomas , Radbruch Lukas , Nickenig Georg 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe progressive nature of heart failure (HF) coupled with high mortality and poor quality-of-life (QoL) mandates greater attention to palliative care (PC) as a routine component of HF management. Limited evidence exists from randomized controlled trials supporting the use of interdisciplinary palliative care in the progressive course of HF. The early palliative care in heart failure trial (EPCHF) is a prospective, controlled, nonblinded, multicenter study of an interdisciplinary palliative care intervention in 200 patients with symptomatic HF characterized by NYHA ≥ 2. The 12-month EPCHF intervention includes monthly consultations by a palliative care team focusing on physical and psychosocial symptom relief, attention to spiritual concerns and advance care planning. The primary endpoint is evaluated by health-related QoL questionnaires after 12 months of treatment. First the functional assessment of chronic illness therapy palliative care (FACIT-Pal) score evaluating QoL living with a chronic disease and second the Kansas City cardiomyopathy questionnaire (KCCQ) measuring QoL living with heart failure will be determined. Secondary endpoints are changes in anxiety/depression (HADS), symptom burden score (MIDOS), spiritual well-being functional assessment of chronic illness therapy spiritual well-being scale (FACIT-Sp), medical resource and cost assessment. EPCHF will help evaluate the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of palliative care in symptomatic HF using a patient-centered outcome as well as clinical and economic endpoints. EPCHF is funded by the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF, 01GY17).
On Randomized Trace Estimates for Indefinite Matrices with an Application to Determinants
Authors: Cortinovis Alice , Kressner Daniel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRandomized trace estimation is a popular and well-studied technique that approximates the trace of a large-scale matrixBby computing the average of$$x^T Bx$$xTBxfor many samples of a random vectorX. Often,Bis symmetric positive definite (SPD) but a number of applications give rise to indefiniteB. Most notably, this is the case for log-determinant estimation, a task that features prominently in statistical learning, for instance in maximum likelihood estimation for Gaussian process regression. The analysis of randomized trace estimates, including tail bounds, has mostly focused on the SPD case. In this work, we derive new tail bounds for randomized trace estimates applied to indefiniteBwith Rademacher or Gaussian random vectors. These bounds significantly improve existing results for indefiniteB, reducing the number of required samples by a factornor even more, wherenis the size ofB. Even for an SPD matrix, our work improves an existing result by Roosta-Khorasani and Ascher (Found Comput Math, 15(5):1187–1212, 2015) for Rademacher vectors. This work also analyzes the combination of randomized trace estimates with the Lanczos method for approximating the trace off(B). Particular attention is paid to the matrix logarithm, which is needed for log-determinant estimation. We improve and extend an existing result, to not only cover Rademacher but also Gaussian random vectors.