bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation and demonstration of a new comprehensive model of Alzheimer's disease progression
Authors: Stern Yaakov , Stallard Eric , Kinosian Bruce , Zhu Carolyn , Cosentino Stephanie , Jin Zhezhen , Gu Yian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionIdentifying the course of Alzheimer's disease (AD) for individual patients is important for numerous clinical applications. Ideally, prognostic models should provide information about a range of clinical features across the entire disease process. Previously, we published a new comprehensive longitudinal model of AD progression with inputs/outputs covering 11 interconnected clinical measurement domains.MethodsHere, we (1) validate the model on an independent cohort; and (2) demonstrate the model's utility in clinical applications by projecting changes in 6 of the 11 domains.ResultsSurvival and prevalence curves for two representative outcomes—mortality and dependency—generated by the model accurately reproduced the observed curves both overall and for patients subdivided according to risk levels using an independent Cox model.DiscussionThe new model, validated here, effectively reproduces the observed course of AD from an initial visit assessment, allowing users to project coordinated developments for individual patients of multiple disease features.
Network dysfunction in cognitively normal APOE ε4 carriers is related to subclinical tau
Authors: Butt Omar H. , Meeker Karin L. , Wisch Julie K. , Schindler Suzanne E. , Fagan Anne M. , Benzinger Tammie L.S. , Cruchaga Carlos , Holtzman David M. , Morris John C. , Ances Beau M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionApolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele status is associated with amyloid and tau‐related pathological changes related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it is unknown whether brain network changes are related to amyloid beta (Aβ) and/or tau‐related pathology in cognitively normal APOE ε4 carriers with subthreshold Aβ accumulation.MethodsResting state functional connectivity measures of network integrity were evaluated in cognitively normal individuals (n = 121, mean age 76.6 ± 7.8 years, 15% APOE ε4 carriers, 65% female) with minimal Aβ per cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or amyloid positron emission tomography.ResultsAPOE ε4 carriers had increased lateralized connections relative to callosal connections within the default‐mode, memory, and salience networks (P = .02), with significant weighting on linear regression toward CSF total tau (P = .03) and CSF phosphorylated tau at codon 181 (P = .03), but not CSF Aβ42.DiscussionCognitively normal APOE ε4 carriers with subthreshold amyloid accumulation may have network reorganization associated with tau.
Introduction of a Luminophore into Generic Polymers via Mechanoradical Coupling with a Prefluorescent Reagent
Authors: Kubota Koji , Toyoshima Naoki , Miura Daiyo , Jiang Julong , Maeda Satoshi , Jin Mingoo , Ito Hajime 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHerein, we report a novel strategy for introducing a luminophore into generic polymers facilitated by mechanical stimulation. In this study, polymeric mechanoradicals were formed in situ under ball‐milling conditions to undergo radical–radical coupling with a prefluorescent nitroxide‐based reagent in order to incorporate a luminophore into the polymer main chains via a covalent bond. This method allowed the direct and conceptually simple preparation of luminescent polymeric materials from a wide range of generic polymers such as polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, and polyethylene. These results indicate that the present mechanoradical coupling strategy may help to transform existing commodity polymers into more valuable functional materials.
Scholl Reaction of Perylene‐Based Polyphenylene Precursors under Different Conditions: Formation of Hexagon or Octagon?
Authors: Zou Ya , Han Yi , Wu Shaofei , Hou Xudong , Chow Chi Hao Eugene , Wu Jishan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA planar dibenzo‐peri‐hexacene derivative (2) was synthesized via FeCl3‐mediated Scholl reaction from a cyclopenta‐fused perylene (CP) based polyphenylene precursor (1). However, an unexpected octagon‐containing, negatively curved molecule (3) was obtained in nearly quantitative yield when 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DDQ) and methanesulfonic acid (MeSO3H) were used. Similar results were observed when two smaller‐sized precursors containing one (4) or two CP units (5) were tested. X‐ray crystallographic analysis also revealed that there is no close π–π stacking between neighboring π‐conjugated skeletons. DFT calculations suggest a radical cation mechanism in the presence of FeCl3 while an arenium ion pathway for the DDQ/MeSO3H mediated Scholl reaction, which can well explain the selective formation of hexagons and octagons under different conditions. The obtained compounds showed tunable optical and electrochemical properties.
Polyaniline grafted chitosan/GO‐CNT/Fe3O4 nanocomposite as a superior electrode material for supercapacitor application
Authors: Hosseini Mir Ghasem , Shahryari Elham , Yardani Sefidi Pariya 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDeveloping appropriate stable electroactive electrode materials for supercapacitor application is the challenging issue, which attracts enormous attention in recent decades. In this regard, Fe3O4 nanoparticles are firstly synthesized on chitosan/graphene oxide‐multiwall carbon nanotubes (CS/GM/Fe3O4). Then, polyaniline (PANI) is grafted on it via in situ chemical polymerization and named as CS/GM/Fe3O4/PANI. The as‐prepared nanocomposites are characterized by Field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The capacitive properties of the electrodes are investigated in a three electrode configuration in 0.5 M Na2SO4 electrolyte by various electrochemical techniques. The specific capacitance of CS/GM/Fe3O4/PANI electrode is 1513.4 Fg−1 at 4 Ag−1 which is 1.9 times higher than that of CS/GM/Fe3O4 (800 Fg−1). Meanwhile, the electrodes exhibit appropriate cycle life along with 99.8% and 93.95% specific capacitance at 100 Ag−1 for chitosan/GO‐CNT/Fe3O4 and polyaniline grafted chitosan/GO‐CNT/Fe3O4, respectively.
Toughness improvement of poly(lactic acid) with poly(vinyl propionate)‐grafted natural rubber
Authors: Jaratrotkamjorn Ruedee , Tanrattanakul Varaporn 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNatural rubber (NR) grafted with poly(vinyl propionate) (NR‐g‐PVP) was prepared by emulsion polymerization. The monomer content was set at 5, 10, 20, and 30 wt%. The chemical structure of NR‐g‐PVP was confirmed by 1H‐NMR and FTIR techniques. The grafting parameters of purified NR‐g‐PVP were evaluated. Binary (PLA/NR and PLA/NR‐g‐PVP) and ternary (PLA/NR/NR‐g‐PVP) blends were prepared by melt blending using a twin‐screw extruder. The percentage of grafted PVP on NR affected morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of the blends. In binary blends, 5% grafting showed the greatest improvement of toughness and ductility with PLA, whereas there was no improvement in the mechanical properties of PLA/NR blend from using NR‐g‐PVP as a compatibilizer. The mechanical properties of the blends are related to mutual compatibility of the components. Good interfacial adhesion and proper particle size of NR were the key factors contributing to mechanical properties.
The study of optical and photodielectric properties of polymethyl methacrylate and tris‐(8‐hydroxy‐quinoline) aluminum (Alq3) composites
Authors: Vuković Danijela , Škipina Blanka , Maletić Slavica , Cerović Dragana D. , Duvenhage Mart‐Mari , Luyt Adriaan Stephanus , Mirjanić Dragoljub , Dudić Duško 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPolymer composite films of tris‐(8‐hydroxy‐quinoline) aluminum (Alq3) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) at two different concentrations were investigated. Dielectric properties of the samples were measured in broad frequency range and results show an increase in specific conductance and susceptance by adding Alq3 in PMMA. Changes in dielectric spectra caused by irradiation of the samples with LED lamps at different wavelengths were also recorded. The samples were examined by UV–Vis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The interaction between Alq3 and the polymer matrix was observed in the photoluminescence spectroscopy spectra. The doping of the PMMA with different concentrations of the Alq3 leads to the unique photodielectric properties of the resulting composite, and that is the main result of this study. Due to its interesting optical and photodielectric properties, PMMA/Alq3 film may find application in solar cells and optoelectronics.
Relationship between pore structure with residual pore and mechanical properties of expanded graphite nanocomposites at varying molding pressures
Authors: Goudarzi Rahimeh , Hashemi Motlagh Ghodratollah 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe main challenges of developing expanded graphite (EG) composites are to improve the diffusion of polymer chains into EG pores and consequently to reduce the residual pore as defects in the final composites. In this paper, composites of unsaturated polyester (UP) resin containing 0.75 wt% EG are prepared at varying molding pressures of 1, 10, 20, and 30 bar. The EG particles are prepared at different exfoliation temperatures in the range of 700 to 900°C to have EGs with different porous structures. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs show that residual pores are observed in the composites prepared at a low pressure of 1 bar. However, when the molding pressure increases, the number of the residual pores decreases and consequently the flexural properties improve. The highlighted improvements achieved by increasing the molding pressure from 1 to 30 bar are a decrease in the value of the residual pore from 23% to 3%, an increase in the flexural modulus from 1523 to 1744 MPa, and an increase in the flexural strength from 30.6 to 54.5 MPa. Interestingly, applying higher molding pressure affects the composites containing EGs with the highest degree of porosity, or rather larger pores, more remarkably.
Tribological properties and corrosion resistance of epoxy resin‐polytetrafluoroethylene bonded solid lubricating coating filled with flake aluminum
Authors: Li Guihua , Xu Haiyan , Wan Hongqi , Chen Lei , Ye Yinping , Ma Yanjun , An Yulong , Zhou Huidi , Chen Jianmin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aims of this work are to prepare a novel epoxy resin‐polytetrafluoroethylene (expressed as EP/PTFE) bonded solid lubricating coating filled with flake aluminum. The focus is to study the effects of two different flake aluminum (floating type and non‐floating type) on the tribological performance and anti‐corrosion capability of the coating. A CSM friction tester was applied to evaluate the tribological performance of the coating. The electrochemical technique was applied to study the corrosion resistance of the coating. And the experimental results showed that both types of flake aluminum can ameliorate the tribological performance and anti‐corrosion properties of the EP/PTFE lubricating coating. Moreover, compared with floating flake aluminum, the incorporation of non‐floating flake aluminum significantly improved the tribological properties and corrosion resistance of the EP/PTFE coating due to its good dispersibility, greater enhancement effect on mechanical performance and stronger barrier properties.
High performance polylactic acid/thermoplastic polyurethane blends with in‐situ fibrillated morphology
Authors: Su Xiaolong , Jia Shikui , Cao Le , Yu Demei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAs an environment‐friendly polyester, polylactic acid (PLA) shows great potential market value. While it still faces some obstacles in large‐scale practical application due to its brittleness. In this work, a novel strategy to improve the toughness of polylactic acid is developed. By adjusting processing temperature during the melt‐blending process, thermoplastic polyurethane/poly (D‐lactic) acid/poly (L‐lactic) acid (TPU/PDLA/PLLA) ternary blends with different morphology are obtained. The experimental results show that the TPU in ternary blends formed a fibrillated micro‐morphology, and the interfacial compatibility between the components is improved when the processing temperature is adjusted to 200°C. Under the synergistic action of in‐situ fibrillated TPU and stereocomplex (SC) crystals, the toughness of the ternary blends is improved significantly without sacrificing its own tensile strength. The maximum value of tensile strength, elongation at break, and fracture work of ternary blends are 61.9 MPa, 23.5%, and 1038.9 kJ/m3, respectively. In addition, the melt strength of ternary blends was significantly improved, which is a benefit to their processing application.
The HIF‐1/SNHG1/miR‐199a‐3p/TFAM axis explains tumor angiogenesis and metastasis under hypoxic conditions in breast cancer
Authors: Zuo Yonggang , Qu Changping , Tian Yanyan , Wen Yuqing , Xia Shuguan , Ma Mingde 
Published: May 2021

AbstractActivation of hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs) as a result of intratumoral hypoxia modulates a cascade of molecular pathways thus leading to angiogenesis and metastasis in many solid tumors, including breast cancer (BC). In our paper, we report a regulatory axis of HIF‐1, SNHG1, miR‐199a‐3p, and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) involved in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis under hypoxic conditions in BC. The expression of SNHG1 was determined in human BC cells cultured in hypoxia (1% O2, 24 h) and normoxia (20% O2, 24 h). Cultured MDA‐MB‐231 cells were assayed for the proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis in vitro by using EdU staining, transwell chamber assays, Matrigel‐based angiogenesis assays, tumorigenesis, and lung metastasis in vivo by using an orthotopic‐transplant model of human BC. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay, fluorescence in situ hybridization assay, RNA‐binding protein immunoprecipitation assay, and RNA pull‐down were performed to test interaction between HIF‐1 and SNHG1, SNHG1 and miR‐199a‐3p, miR‐199a‐3p and TFAM. SNHG1 was increased under hypoxic conditions at a HIF‐1‐dependent manner. SNHG1 knockdown tempered MDA‐MB‐231 cell proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, in vitro, tumorigenesis, and lung metastasis in vitro. SNHG1 was co‐expressed with miR‐199a‐3p and regulated the TFAM, a target gene of miR‐199a‐3p. SNHG1 increased the TFAM by binding with miR‐199a‐3p, thus promoting BC development and metastasis. These results support a regulatory axis consisting of HIF‐1, SNHG1, miR‐199a‐3p, and TFAM during BC development and metastasis under hypoxic conditions, providing an opportunity to develop targeted therapeutics for BC.
Improvement of protein production by engineering a novel antiapoptotic baculovirus vector to suppress the expression ofSf‐caspase‐1andTn‐caspase‐1
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyue , Zhao Kaixia , Lan Lan , Shi Na , Nan Hao , Shi Yanan , Xu Xiaodong , Chen Hongying 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is an attractive manufacturing platform for recombinant protein production in insect cells. However, baculovirus infection commonly induces host apoptosis in 3–4 days which would subsequently terminate the protein expression. Previous studies have proved that protein production by BEVS can be elevated in apoptosis‐suppressed insect cells. We also developed a baculovirus vector in our previous report to inhibit the apoptosis and improve protein production inSf9 cells. In this study, we designed five short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression cassettes targeting a conserved region inSpodoptera frugiperda caspase‐1(Sf‐caspase‐1) andTrichoplusia ni caspase‐1(Tn‐caspase‐1), and found that introduction of C to T mutations within the stem region of the expression cassette was beneficial for the heterologous protein expression. One of the improved shRNA expression cassettes was knocked into a bacmid with the deletion of several nonessential genes. The novel baculovirus vector demonstrated the ability to suppress cell apoptosis in bothSf9 and High Five cells, and exhibited superior recombinant protein productivity of intracellularly expressed GFP and firefly luciferase and secreted glycoprotein OD‐Fc. The antiapoptotic baculovirus vector developed in this study could serve as a useful tool for the protein production in scientific research and pharmaceutical industries.
Cerebral blood flow impairment and cognitive decline in heart failure
Authors: Ovsenik Ana , Podbregar Matej , Fabjan Andrej 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and PurposeCognitive decline is an important contributor to disability in patients with chronic heart failure, affecting 25%–50% of patients. The aim of this review is to stress the importance of understanding pathophysiological mechanisms of heart failure involved in cognitive decline.MethodsAn extensive PubMed search was conducted for the literature on the basic mechanisms of cerebral blood flow regulation, the effect of cardiac dysfunction on cerebral blood flow, and possible mechanisms underlying the association between cardiac dysfunction and cognitive decline.ResultsPublished literature supports the thesis that cardiac dysfunction leads to cerebral blood flow impairment and predisposes to cognitive decline. One of the postulated mechanisms underlying cognitive decline in chronic heart failure is chronic regional hypoperfusion of critical brain areas. Cognitive function may be further compromised by microvascular damage due to cardiovascular risk factors. Furthermore, it is implied that cerebral blood flow assessment could enable early recognition of patients at risk and help guide appropriate therapeutic strategies.ConclusionInterdisciplinary knowledge in the fields of neurology and cardiology is essential to clarify heart and brain interconnections in chronic heart failure. Understanding and identifying the basic neuropathophysiological changes in chronic heart failure could help with developing methods for early recognition of patients at risk, followed by institution of therapeutic actions to prevent or decrease cognitive decline.
Transparency of cognitive complexity in performance assessments: A validity study
Authors: Hayes Heather , Demeter Marylee , Morris John G. , Trajkovski Goran 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPerformance assessments (PAs) offer a more authentic measure of higher order skills, which is ideal for competency‐based education (CBE) especially for students already in the workplace and striving to advance their careers. The goal of the current study was to examine the validity of undergraduate PA score interpretation in the college of IT at a CBE online, higher education institute by evaluating (a) the transparency of cognitive complexity or demands of the task as communicated through the task prompt versus expected cognitive complexity based on its associated rubric aspect and (b) the impact of cognitive complexity on task difficulty. We found that there is a discrepancy in the communicated versus expected cognitive complexity of PA tasks (i.e., prompt vs. rubric) where rubric complexity is higher, on average, than task prompt complexity. This discrepancy negatively impacts reliability but does not affect the difficulty of PA tasks. Moreover, the cognitive complexity of both the task prompt and the rubric aspect significantly impacts the difficulty of PA tasks based on Bloom's taxonomy but not Webb's DOK, and this effect is slightly stronger for the rubric aspect than the task prompt. Discussion centers on how these findings can be used to better inform and improve PA task writing and review procedures for assessment developers as well as customize PAs (their difficulty levels) to different course levels or individual students to improve learning.
Pseudoacromegaly with acromegalic features in radiography
Authors: Yamamoto Koichiro , Oka Kosuke , Honda Hiroyuki , Hasegawa Kou , Otsuka Fumio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPseudoacromegaly is a condition characterized by acromegalic physical features without growth hormone excess, for which radiographic observation has seldom been reported. This is a rare case of pseudoacromegaly.
The effect of topical nitroglycerin on symmetrical peripheral gangrene in a pediatric patient
Authors: Alfraij Abdulla , Elseadawy Mohammad , Alghounaim Mohammad 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSymmetrical peripheral gangrene is a rare condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The use of topical nitroglycerin may have a role in improving patient outcomes and opens a new area for future research regarding the use of topical nitroglycerin in SPG.
Not all that is miliary is tuberculosis: Metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma mimicking miliary tuberculosis
Authors: Askari Elham , Pourabdollah Toutkaboni Mihan , Haseli Sara , Rezaei Mitrasadat , Tabarsi Payam , Marjani Majid , Moniri Afshin , Khalili Neda 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMedullary carcinoma of the thyroid should be considered in the differential diagnosis of miliary pattern of micronodules on chest imaging, irrespective of clinical features.
Small bowel GIST with hemorrhagic shock diagnosed by capsule endoscopy and double‐balloon endoscopy, angiography‐guided hemostasis, and laparoscopic‐assisted resection
Authors: Kogo Hideki , Shimanuki Kimiyoshi , Iwao Toshiyasu , Yoshida Hiroshi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSmall bowel tumors presenting with hemorrhagic shock require urgent treatment with angiographic embolization to achieve hemostasis. Capsule endoscopy and double‐balloon endoscopy are useful for localizing the tumor, diagnosis, and guiding surgery.
Orthodontic treatment of an adolescent patient with Class II division 1 malocclusion with consideration of growth pattern and occlusal plane: A case report
Authors: Hou Jianhua , Sun Mengyao , Meng Xiuping 
Published: May 2021

Key Clinical MessageConsideration of growth pattern and occlusal plane is critical in orthodontic treatment planning to achieve optimal dentofacial esthetics and long‐term stability in adolescent patients, which is illustrated by success in orthodontic treatment of an adolescent Class II division 1 malocclusion with nonextraction.
Macular hole after Nd‐YAG laser capsulotomy with OCT findings
Authors: Ohashi Tsutomu , Fujiya Akio , Kojima Takashi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPatients with incomplete posterior vitreous detachment, especially with vitreomacular adhesion, can form a macular hole after Nd‐YAG laser capsulotomy. It is recommended to inform the risk of forming a macular hole before Nd‐YAG laser treatment.
Change in cycle length during pacemaker‐mediated tachycardia: What is the mechanism?
Authors: Fenelon Guilherme , Paul Luiz Carlos , Scuotto Frederico , Cirenza Claudio , Franken Marcelo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA thorough understanding of advanced device algorithms designed to promote intrinsic atrioventricular conduction is mandatory to allow appropriate management of arrhythmias induced by pacing, particularly when other types of tachycardia are involved.