bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manjiroite or hydrous hollandite?
Authors: Post Jeffrey E. , Heaney Peter J. , Fischer Timothy B. , Ilton Eugene S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this study, we investigated an unusual natural Mn oxide hollandite-group mineral from the Kohare Mine, Iwate Prefecture, Japan, that has predominantly water molecules in the tunnels, with K, Na, Ca, and Ba. The specimens are labeled as type manjiroite, but our analyses show that Na is not the dominant tunnel species, nor is it even the primary tunnel cation, suggesting either an error in the original analyses or significant compositional variation within samples from the type locality. Chemical analyses, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis measurements combined with Rietveld refinement results using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data suggest the chemical formula: (K0.19Na0.17Ca0.03Ba0.01H2O1.60)(Mn5.024+Mn2.823+Al0.14Fe0.02)O13.47(OH)2.53. Our analyses indicate that water is the primary tunnel species, and although water has been reported as a component in natural hollandites, this is the first detailed study of the crystal structure and dehydration behavior of a natural hydrous hollandite with water as the predominant tunnel species. This work underscores the rarity of natural Na-rich hollandite phases and focuses new attention on the role of hydrous components of hollandite-like phases in determining their capacities to exchange or accommodate various cations, such as Li+, Na+, Ba2+, Pb2+, and K+ in natural systems.
Optimisation of the nanofiltration process of residual wastewater from table olives using synthetic solutions for the recovery of phenolic compounds
Authors: Cazares-Carrión Karem Y. , Abreu-Naranjo Reinier 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Synthetic solution of ultrafiltration permeate from brine wastewater from the elaboration process of table olives was used to investigate the simulation and optimisation of the nanoﬁltration process with the aim of reducing the contents of salt and organic material, as well as maintaining the major phenolic content in the permeate of nanofiltration as a contribution to their possible recovery. The synthetic solution was elaborated by considering the main characteristics of the ultrafiltration permeate of residual brine from table olive fermentation. A response surface methodology – central composite design (RSM-CCD) was used. The efficiency of conductivity (Ec), total polyphenol content (TPC) and chemical oxygen demand rejections (RTPC and RCOD) were the response variables selected. Transmembrane pressure (TMP), cross-ﬂow velocity (CFV) and nanomembrane type (NF270 and NF245) were the independent variables. The range for RTPC was from 0.59 to 3.34%, while the values for Ec were higher than the NF270 membrane, being between 13.63 and 24.13%. The RSM-CCD results indicate that the optimum that satisfies the objectives of the research were: nanomembrane (NF245), TMP (14.43 bar) and CFV (1.50 m/s). This allowed the permeate to keep 97.39% of polyphenol contents and reduce organic material and salts by 52 and 23%, respectively.
The Effect of Recombinant Human Interferon Alpha Nasal Drops to Prevent COVID-19 Pneumonia for Medical Staff in an Epidemic Area
Authors: Meng Zhongji , Wang Tongyu , Chen Li , Chen Xinhe , Li Longti , Qin Xueqin , Li Hai , Luo Jie 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), known
as Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), has caused the sixth world’s public health emergency.
Healthcare staff, as the frontline population fighting the pandemic, are exposed to a high risk of infection.
Therefore, developing a protective intervention for medical staff is of significant importance.

Objective:
The aim of the study was to explore the effectiveness and safety of recombinant human
interferon alpha (rhIFN-α) nasal drops for the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
through administering it to medical staff.

Methods:
This was a prospective open-label clinical trial with parallel intervention assignment conducted
on 2944 medical staff including both doctors and nurses from Taihe Hospital, Shiyan City,
Hubei Province, China from January 21, 2020 to July 30, 2020. The participants were bifurcated into
two groups of low risk and high risk groups according to the level of direct exposure to
COVID-19 patients. The individuals of the low-risk group received rhIFN-α nasal drops for one
month in addition to first level protection, and the high-risk group received a combination of
rhIFN-α nasal drops coupled with thymosin-α1 with either second or third-level protection protocol.
Moreover, the new-outset of COVID-19 pneumonia diagnosed by chest computed tomography
(CT), after thirty days, was the primary outcome. The adverse reactions were recorded in all participants.

Results:
2415 of 2944 individuals belonged to the low-risk group, while 529 to the high-risk
group. There was no COVID-19 pneumonia in either of the group after thirty days. The pulmonary
CT scans were negative for COVID-19 pneumonia in both the groups with no new clinical symptoms.
No serious adverse event was observed during the course of the intervention.

Conclusion:
The rhIFN-α nasal drops along with augmented safeguards based on standard physical
isolation could effectively protect medical staff against COVID-19 pneumonia.
Availability, Formulation, Labeling, and Price of Low-sodium Salt Worldwide: Environmental Scan
Authors: Yin Xuejun , Liu Hueiming , Webster Jacqui , Trieu Kathy , Huffman Mark D , Miranda J Jaime , Marklund Matti , Wu Jason H Y , Cobb Laura K , Li Ka Chun , Pearson Sallie-Anne , Neal Bruce , Tian Maoyi 
Published: May 2021

Background
Regular salt is about 100% sodium chloride. Low-sodium salts have reduced sodium chloride content, most commonly through substitution with potassium chloride. Low-sodium salts have a potential role in reducing the population's sodium intake levels and blood pressure, but their availability in the global market is unknown.

Objective
The aim of this study is to assess the availability, formulation, labeling, and price of low-sodium salts currently available to consumers worldwide.

Methods
Low-sodium salts were identified through a systematic literature review, Google search, online shopping site searches, and inquiry of key informants. The keywords “salt substitute,” “low-sodium salt,” “potassium salt,” “mineral salt,” and “sodium reduced salt” in six official languages of the United Nations were used for the search. Information about the brand, formula, labeling, and price was extracted and analyzed.

Results
A total of 87 low-sodium salts were available in 47 out of 195 (24%) countries worldwide, including 28 high-income countries, 13 upper-middle-income countries, and 6 lower-middle-income countries. The proportion of sodium chloride varied from 0% (sodium-free) to 88% (as percent of weight; regular salt is 100% sodium chloride). Potassium chloride was the most frequent component with levels ranging from 0% to 100% (potassium chloride salt). A total of 43 (49%) low-sodium salts had labels with the potential health risks, and 33 (38%) had labels with the potential health benefits. The median price of low-sodium salts in high-income, upper-middle-income, and lower-middle-income countries was US $15.00/kg (IQR 6.4-22.5), US $2.70/kg (IQR 1.7-5.5), and US $2.90/kg (IQR 0.50-22.2), respectively. The price of low-sodium salts was between 1.1 and 14.6 times that of regular salts.

Conclusions
Low-sodium salts are not widely available and are commonly more expensive than regular salts. Policies that promote the availability, affordability, and labeling of low-sodium salts should increase uptake, helping populations reduce blood pressure and prevent cardiovascular diseases.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.1111/jch.14054
CURRENT UPDATES ON COVID-19 VACCINES
Authors: KIRAN MISRA SHASHI , PATHAK KAMLA , PATHAK DEVENDER , YADAV RAMAKANT 
Published: May 2021

Background: COVID-19 caused the world to shut down and made us to critically look out at our advanced healthcare systems that are well prepared for heart diseases, cancers, organ transplantation but not for attack of a tiny virus. WHO and other authorized bodies are continuously issuing advisory on preventive measurements, tracking the outbreak and distributing vital medical kits. Scientific community and vaccine experts have developed and started to distribute safe and effective immunization worldwide.
Objective: The paper outlines several developed and developing immunization vehicles for the management of COVID -19 that will hit global market in year 2021.
Method: Non clinical and clinical data are collected from authentic sources of World Health Organization portal and press release provided by COVID-19 vaccine developers.
Result: Different platforms including mRNA, DNA, Viral vectors, Synthetic peptides etc. have been conversed that are globally involved for elimination of SARS-CoV-2, a causative virus of COVID-19.
Conclusion: Numerous academic institutions and companies of worldwide have developed and evaluated their inoculums after extremely compressed clinical trial agendas. Worldwide eminent developers such as Pfizer and BioNTech, Moderna, AstraZenaca and Bharat Biotech are ready with their esteemed products for the management of pandemic COVID-19. They explored pharmaceutical technologies reliant on genetics, nanoengineering and biotechnology for successful development of these anti SARS-CoV-2 inoculums. Taking account on conditions of more vulnerable community including immunocompromised, geriatrics and comorbidities patients the safety and efficacy of vaccine are yet to be monitored..
EVALUATION OF EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT MODALITIES IN TREATMENT OF FRACTURE METATARSAL
Authors: KAUSHIK SATYAPRATEEK , RK VERMA , SP GUPTA , RAJKUMAR BHAIRWA 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: This study mainly aims to evaluate the efficacy of three different modalities in treatment of fracture metatarsal.
Methods: A hospital-based prospective comparative study was conducted in Mahatma Gandhi Medical College, Jaipur, from December 2018 to June 2020, involving 50 patients above 16 years of age presented with isolated metatarsal fractures and grade I open fractures were included in the study. Patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were then allocated to one of three groups. Group A – Conservative management, Group B – K-wire fixation, and Group C – external Fixator. Outcome measurement was done using AOFAS MID FOOT SCALE (100 points total).
Results: Majority of 29 patients belong to 35–60 years of age group followed by 18 patients in 26–35 years. Maximum number of cases is reported in male category that was 45 cases. Majority of the cases falls under the category of road traffic accidents that are 28 cases which is about 56% of the total cases. In 37 cases right foot was involved, whereas 13 cases are on the left side, suggesting the right was the dominant side. About 48% of the second metatarsal and 30% of the third metatarsal showed the maximum involvement. Maximum number of cases were designated as excellent having score between 90 and 100 that was about 38 cases which are 76% of total cases suggesting every treatment modality was good in its own right. There was a significant difference between the different treatment modalities at final follow-up p<0.05.
Conclusion: All treatment modalities equally good, achieving good fracture union, decreased incidence of pain, and achieve a good range of movements, but complications rate was more in the conservative group as compared to other groups.
FABRICATION OF MICROEMULSION LOADED SUBLINGUAL FILM FOR RAPID ABSORPTION OF FENTANYL CITRATE IN TRANSIENT BREAKTHROUGH PAIN
Authors: MUNDHEY D. , SAPKAL N. , DAUD A. 
Published: May 2021

Objective: The present research work aims to develop a microemulsion loaded sublingual film for rapid absorption of fentanyl citrate in transient breakthrough pain.
Methods: The Fentanyl citrate microemulsion loaded sublingual film was prepared using Capmul MCM C8 (oil), tween 20 (surfactant) and propylene glycol (co-surfactant) with different grades of film-forming polymer (HPMC) using a film casting machine. The films were evaluated for in vitro disintegration study, tensile strength, folding endurance, content uniformity, drug content, in vitro dissolution, pH, thickness and weight variation, scanning electron microscopy, ex vivo permeation study, droplet size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, % moisture content and stability study were evaluated.
Results: The optimized film formulation showed desired mechanical properties (tensile strength of 0.291 kg/cm2) and a minimum disintegration time of 20 s. The optimized sublingual film formulation exhibited 43.16 % of FC microemulsion loading. Morphological study showed the absence of drug crystals on the polymeric surface. Permeation studies through goat sublingual mucosa indicated 89% fentanyl citrate release through fentanyl citrate microemulsion loaded sublingual film, whereas only 40% fentanyl citrate release was obtained when it was directly added to film without microemulsion strategy.
Conclusion: The present study indicated that extend of permeation of fentanyl citrate when added to the sublingual film in microemulsion form was around 2.225 folds higher than when added directly to film without microemulsion. The present microemulsion embedded film technology could be a promising alternative to conventional drug delivery systems and traditional routes of administration for breakthrough pain management.
DEVELOPMENT AND STATISTICAL OPTIMIZATION OF GASTRORETANTIVE FLOATING MICROSPHERES OF PREGABALIN PREPARED BY W/O/O MULTIPLE EMULSION METHOD
Authors: KHARB MONIKA , TANWAR Y. S. 
Published: May 2021

Objective: The aim of this study is to develop a gastroretentive microsphere of pregabalin using design of experiment (DoE) to decrease dosing frequency and increasing bioavailability.
Methods: Pregabalin microsphere was prepared by W/O/O multiple emulsion method using a mixture of ethyl cellulose (EC) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as rate-controlling polymer. Mixed solvent system comprising of dichloromethane (DCM) and acetonitrile (ACN) and light liquid paraffin was chosen as primary and secondary oil phase respectively. Taguchi design was employed for factor screening and Box Behnken design was used for the optimisation of critical process parameters.
Results: Taguchi design revealed that polymer: drug, DCM: ACN and PVP: EC is the critical factor for the preparation of microspheres. The optimized formulation was prepared using polymer: drug (4.95:1), DCM: ACN (53.76: 46.24) and PVP: EC (2:5) which showed mean particle size of 203.34±4.82 µm, practical yield of 87.52±2.91 %, encapsulation efficiency of 96.43±3.14 %, floating ability up to 90.42±1.64 % and T60% of 332.81±5.84. Drug release from microsphere followed Higuchi Kinetic model.
Conclusion: In a nutshell, microspheres with excellent flowability and great encapsulation efficiency were successfully developed. These can be useful in improving patient compliance by reducing frequent dosing.
Inclusão Digital: um mapeamento sistemático de ferramentas e aplicativos para pessoas com deficiência
Authors: Benício de Barros Souza Mayara , Nascimento Souza Walla 
Published: May 2021

Este artigo busca identificar ferramentas e aplicativos para a inclusão digitalde pessoas com deficiência. Para isto, foi realizado um mapeamento sistemático para coletar e identificar essas informações. Esse mapeamento retornou inicialmente 339 estudos, dos quais foram selecionados 27 como estudos primários, possibilitando extrair 35 ferramentas e aplicativos, e 12 características funcionais deles. Essa quantidade de ferramentas e aplicativos obtidas desse mapeamento pode ser considerada relevante, o que possibilita inferir sobre a importância da utilização desses meios para a inclusão digital dos indivíduos portadores de algum tipo de deficiência.
Uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura para Identificação de Lacunas de Pesquisa Relacionadas a Mineração de Processos Educacionais
Authors: Manoel da Silva Lucielton , Lins Rodrigues Rodrigo , Carlos Sedraz Silva João , Medeiros Chaves de Vasconcelos Gibran Medeiros Chaves de Vasconcelos , Luis Cavalcanti Ramos Jorge 
Published: May 2021

This paper has as objective present the state of art of Educational Process Mining(EPM) and the application of yours results in Learning Management Systems (LMS), to do this was made a systematic review of literature(SRL), where through a well defined and objective process was selected articles to serve as base to the SRL. After the definition of the protocol and the realization of the methodological process we got nine articles that contributed satisfactorily to the responses of research questions related with the studied phenomenon, where was analisade many aspects of them to get informations about the current state of arte of EPM.
Implementações no Design do Jogo Going Abroad : descrição de sistemas e avaliação inicial do protótipo
Authors: Cristina dos Reis Susana , Siqueira Gazen Quélvin , De Siqueira Cecchin Renan 
Published: May 2021

Este artigo reporta o desenvolvimento de um jogo digital educacional, cujo processo de design envolveu uma pesquisa exploratória que fomentou a criação de um novo produto 1tecnológico. Going Abroad (GA) caracteriza-se como um jogo sério (crítico) e tem caráter inovador porque oferece uma proposta de jogo para o ensino de língua inglesa de modo lúdico, que não se detém no ensino de conteúdos específicos (tais como vocabulário descontextualizado ou sentenças isoladas), mas que inclui em seu design a possibilidade de construção narrativa por meio de um sistema de escolhas. Esse sistema se propõe a favorecer o uso da linguagem pelos jogadores, buscando desse modo cativar e inserir o aluno-jogador em contextos que podem propiciar a diversão, o engajamento e a aprendizagem. Aliamos à proposta de narrativa não linear os desafios, com o objetivo de chamar a atenção do jogador à resolução dos problemas. As implementações feitas na versão Demo, até o presente momento, refletem as etapas de desenvolvimento que são orientadas por pressupostos teóricos multidisciplinares, o que nos permitiu elaborar quatro sistemas fundamentais no jogo, os quais são: diálogo, inventário, navegação e espírito.
Análise Pedagógica e Ergonômica da Combinação de Diferentes Metodologias para o Ensino de Estrutura de Dados
Authors: Luis Vieira Azevedo André , Veloso dos Santos Bruno , Junior Almeida Leão Benedito , Rodrigues de Alfaia Jacó , Dos Santos Portela Carlos , De Souza Farias Fabricio 
Published: May 2021

Existem diversas metodologias que visam melhorar o desempenho dos alunos, no entanto, uma que se adequa para um estudante pode ser ineficiente para outro. Com isso o índice de desmotivação e desinteresse nas disciplinas de programação só aumenta. No curso de Sistemas de Informação da Universidade Federal do Pará isso é refletido em um elevado número de reprovações, que indica a necessidade da busca por novas metodologias para o ensino. Diante deste contexto, este trabalho visa avaliar o impacto pedagógico, ergonômico e de desempenho da aplicação de um conjunto de metodologias de ensino durante a disciplina de Estrutura de Dados I. Os resultados indicam que a metodologia proposta atende satisfatoriamente os critérios pedagógicos e ergonômicos, assim como, pode vir a auxiliar na redução do número de reprovações.
Criação de Narrativas Digitais Utilizando Elementos das Redes Sociais para Apoiar o Ensino de Eletrônica
Authors: Rodrigues Ferreira Iury , Freitas Duarte Filho Nemésio 
Published: May 2021

As narrativas digitais vêm sendo utilizadas em diversas áreas do conhecimento, proporcionando ludicidade ao processo de ensino, inclusive por meio do apoio das redes sociais. O ensino na área de Eletrônica pode ser apoiado pela utilização de narrativas digitais. Neste contexto, este trabalho discute a criação de narrativas digitais utilizando elementos das redes sociais para auxiliar o ensino na disciplina de Eletrônica Básica. O conteúdo educacional das narrativas foi modelado por meio da criação de personagens e diálogos, sendo avaliado por docentes e alunos. Os resultados demonstram que as narrativas apresentam uma organização didática bem estruturada, proporcionando maior engajamento e motivação por parte dos usuários.
Métodos e ferramentas para o processo de planejamento docente no contexto dos estudos da área de Design da Aprendizagem
Authors: Dos Santos Gabrielle , Scherer Bassani Patrícia 
Published: May 2021

O planejamento docente se caracteriza a partir de três etapas complementares: a definição dos resultados pretendidos, a proposição das atividades de ensino e as atividades avaliativas. Estudos na área de Design da Aprendizagem focam na proposição de ferramentas e métodos para guiar o planejamento e o compartilhamento de atividades de aprendizagem. Assim, este estudo tem por objetivo identificar quais as ferramentas e os métodos usados no contexto do planejamento docente a partir dos estudos na área de Design da Aprendizagem. A metodologia de pesquisa envolveu uma revisão sistemática de literatura, a partir de três bases de dados. Como resultados foram identificadas 12 ferramentas e métodos produzidos entre os anos de 2007 e 2018, que podem ser utilizados no processo de planejamento docente.
Um retrato sobre o ensino do Pensamento Computacional em anos finais do Ensino Fundamental no Sertão Paraibano
Authors: Ribeiro dos Santos Júnior Francisco , Rousy Dias Ricarte Danielle 
Published: May 2021

O Pensamento Computacional, tido como uma das competências para habilidades exigidas no século XXI para o exercício da cidadania, está relacionada a capacidade de utilizar conceitos de computação para a resolução de problemas de diversas áreas de conhecimento. Ele abre caminhos para os futuros profissionais e ajuda no desenvolvimento mais efetivo de conhecimentos da capacidade de resolver problemas, apoiando e relacionando-se com outras ciências. Nesta perspectiva, o presente trabalho propôs investigar, através de uma pesquisa exploratória, o ensino de conceitos e abordagens do pensamento computacional nos anos finais do ensino fundamental (6º ao 9º ano), tendo como campo de pesquisa, escolas públicas do Sertão da Paraíba. Utilizou-se um questionário para coleta de informações a respeito do perfil socioprofissional dos professores e seu entendimento a respeito do Pensamento Computacional. Pode-se concluir que a definição de Pensamento Computacional ainda é desconhecida pela maioria dos participantes da pesquisa, além de ser amplamente associado ao uso de computadores e outras tecnologias digitais em sala de aula. Os conceitos de paralelização, análise de dados e coleta de dados, ligados a computação, foram identificados os mais abordados nas aulas, sendo matemática a disciplina que utiliza com maior frequência os conceitos abordados.
The Regulatory Role of Credit Ratings and Voluntary Disclosure
Authors: Basu Riddha , Naughton James P. , Wang Clare 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
We find that corporate credit rating changes have an effect on firms' voluntary disclosure behavior that is independent of the information they convey about firm fundamentals. Our analyses exploit two separate quasi-experimental settings that generate either exogenous credit rating downgrades or credit rating upgrades (i.e., credit rating label changes). We find evidence of a negative relation between the direction of the credit rating label change and the provision of voluntary disclosure in both settings—firms respond to exogenous downgrades by increasing voluntary disclosure and to exogenous upgrades by decreasing voluntary disclosure. The effects we document are attributable to the regulatory role rather than the information role of credit ratings. Overall, our analyses indicate that credit rating agencies as gatekeepers influence firms' provision of voluntary disclosure.
Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
JEL Classifications: G15; G18; M41.