bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluid elastic instability and vortex induced vibration parameters in finned tube arrays with P/D ratio 1.79
Authors: Yadav Pravin Hindurao , Mohanty Dillip kumar 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to analyze the effect of fin geometry on mechanisms of flow induced vibration. Finned tube arrays are used in a heat exchanger to increase its efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effect of geometric parameters of the fin fluid elastic instability and vortex shedding. In this paper, the effect of fin height, fin density and tube pitch ratio for parallel triangular tube array on fluid elastic instability and vortex shedding is analyzed.

Design/methodology/approach
Experimental analysis was carried out on a parallel triangular finned tube array with a pitch ratio of 1.79 subjected to water crossflow. The experimentation aims to study fluid elastic instability and vortex-induced vibration mechanism responsible for flow induced vibration for finned tube array. A fully flexible finned tube array of the copper tube was used with its base diameter of 19.05 mm and thickness of 2 mm. Over the tube surface, crimped fins of height 6 mm and the same material are welded spirally with fin density 8.47 mm and 2.82 mm. Experimental analysis was carried out on a test setup developed for the same. The results obtained for the finned tube array were compared with those for the plain tube array with the same base tube diameter.

Findings
For parallel triangular tube array of copper material, test results show that critical velocity increases with an increase in fin pitch density for low pitch tube array. Before the occurrence of instability, the rate of growth in tube vibrations is high for plain tubes compared to that with fin tubes. The results based on Owen’s hypothesis show vortex shedding before the occurrence of fluid elastic instability. The effect of fin geometry on vortex-induced forces is analyzed. For the tube array pattern understudy, the values of Conner’s constant K for coarse fin-tube and fine fin tube array are obtained, respectively, 6.14 and 7.25.

Originality/value
This paper fulfills the need for research on the effect of fin geometry on fluid elastic instability and Vortex shedding on a tube array subjected to water cross flow when the pitch ratio is less than two, i.e. with a low pitch ratio.
Porosity variation of elastic wave velocities in clean sandstones
Authors: Sayers Colin M. , den Boer Lennert D. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTThe mechanical properties of sandstones, including porosity, density and elastic moduli, can be estimated non‐destructively through elastic wave‐velocity measurements. Here, the variation of elastic wave velocity with porosity in sandstones is modelled using Maxwell's effective field theory, extended to the elasticity of heterogeneous media by Sevostianov and coworkers. Comparing measured and predicted elastic wave velocities shows that on deposition, pores in sandstones are less stiff than spherical pores, but that their stiffness increases as porosity decreases. This suggests that concavity of pores in sandstone decreases with decreasing porosity. This interpretation is confirmed by the simple model of Sevostianov and Giraud in which concave pores are represented as superspherical pores, defined by a shape parameter that allows the effect of pore concavity on elastic wave velocities to be investigated. Inversion of measured velocities for this parameter indicates that pore concavity decreases with decreasing porosity. Moreover, values of the shape parameter obtained by inverting measured P‐velocities alone are found to give a good prediction of both P‐ and S‐wave velocities, confirming the applicability of the model.
Competition shapes individual foraging and survival in a desert rodent ensemble
Authors: Manlick Philip J. , Maldonado Karin , Newsome Seth D. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Intraspecific variation, including individual diet variation, can structure populations and communities, but the causes and consequences of individual foraging strategies are often unclear.

Interactions between competition and resources are thought to dictate foraging strategies (e.g. specialization vs. generalization), but classical paradigms such as optimal foraging and niche theory offer contrasting predictions for individual consumers. Furthermore, both paradigms assume that individual foraging strategies maximize fitness, yet this prediction is rarely tested.

We used repeated stable isotope measurements (δ13C, δ15N; N = 3,509) and 6 years of capture–mark–recapture data to quantify the relationship between environmental variation, individual foraging and consumer fitness among four species of desert rodents. We tested the relative effects of intraspecific competition, interspecific competition, resource abundance and resource diversity on the foraging strategies of 349 individual animals, and then quantified apparent survival as function of individual foraging strategies.

Consistent with niche theory, individuals contracted their trophic niches and increased foraging specialization in response to both intraspecific and interspecific competition, but this effect was offset by resource availability and individuals generalized when plant biomass was high. Nevertheless, individual specialists obtained no apparent fitness benefit from trophic niche contractions as the most specialized individuals exhibited a 10% reduction in monthly survival compared to the most generalized individuals. Ultimately, this resulted in annual survival probabilities nearly 4× higher for generalists compared to specialists.

These results indicate that competition is the proximate driver of individual foraging strategies, and that diet‐mediated fitness variation regulates population and community dynamics in stochastic resource environments. Furthermore, our findings show dietary generalism is a fitness maximizing strategy, suggesting that plastic foraging strategies may play a key role in species' ability to cope with environmental change.
Implementing social network analysis to understand the socioecology of wildlife co‐occurrence and joint interactions with humans in anthropogenic environments
Authors: Balasubramaniam Krishna N. , Kaburu Stefano S. K. , Marty Pascal R. , Beisner Brianne A. , Bliss‐Moreau Eliza , Arlet Malgorzata E. , Ruppert Nadine , Ismail Ahmad , Anuar Mohd Sah Shahrul , Mohan Lalith , Rattan Sandeep , Kodandaramaiah Ullasa , McCowan Brenda 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Human population expansion into wildlife habitats has increased interest in the behavioural ecology of human–wildlife interactions. To date, however, the socioecological factors that determine whether, when or where wild animals take risks by interacting with humans and anthropogenic factors still remains unclear.

We adopt a comparative approach to address this gap, using social network analysis (SNA). SNA, increasingly implemented to determine human impact on wildlife ecology, can be a powerful tool to understand how animal socioecology influences the spatiotemporal distribution of human–wildlife interactions.

For 10 groups of rhesus, long‐tailed and bonnet macaques (Macaca spp.) living in anthropogenically impacted environments in Asia, we collected data on human–macaque interactions, animal demographics, and macaque–macaque agonistic and affiliative social interactions. We constructed ‘human co‐interaction networks’ based on associations between macaques that interacted with humans within the same time and spatial locations, and social networks based on macaque–macaque allogrooming behaviour, affiliative behaviours of short duration (agonistic support, lip‐smacking, silent bare‐teeth displays and non‐sexual mounting) and proximity.

Pre‐network permutation tests revealed that, within all macaque groups, specific individuals jointly took risks by repeatedly, consistently co‐interacting with humans within and across time and space. GLMMs revealed that macaques' tendencies to co‐interact with humans was positively predicted by their tendencies to engage in short‐duration affiliative interactions and tolerance of conspecifics, although the latter varied across species (bonnets>rhesus>long‐tailed). Male macaques were more likely to co‐interact with humans than females. Neither macaques' grooming relationships nor their dominance ranks predicted their tendencies to co‐interact with humans.

Our findings suggest that, in challenging anthropogenic environments, less (compared to more) time‐consuming forms of affiliation, and additionally greater social tolerance in less ecologically flexible species with a shorter history of exposure to humans, may be key to animals' joint propensities to take risks to gain access to resources. For males, greater exploratory tendencies and less energetically demanding long‐term life‐history strategies (compared to females) may also influence such joint risk‐taking. From conservation and public health perspectives, wildlife connectedness within such co‐interaction networks may inform interventions to mitigate zoonosis, and move human–wildlife interactions from conflict towards coexistence.
Enhanced oxidative stress mediates pathological autophagy and necroptosis in cardiac myocytes in pressure overload induced heart failure in rats
Authors: Chi Rui‐Fang , Li Lu , Wang Ai‐Ling , Yang Hong , Xi Jie , Zhu Zong‐Feng , Wang Ke , Li Bao , Yang Li‐Guo , Qin Fu‐Zhong , Zhang Ce 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn cardiac myocytes in vitro, hydrogen peroxide induces autophagic cell death and necroptosis. Oxidative stress, myocyte autophagy and necroptosis coexist in heart failure (HF). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that excessive oxidative stress mediates pathological autophagy and necroptosis in myocytes in pressure overload‐induced HF. HF was produced by chronic pressure overload induced by abdominal aortic constriction (AAC) in rats. Rats with AAC or sham operation were randomised to orally receive an antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) or placebo for 4 weeks. Echocardiography was performed for the assessments of left ventricular (LV) structure and function. AAC rats exhibited decreased LV fractional shortening (FS) at 4 weeks after surgery. NAC treatment attenuated decreased LV FS in AAC rats. In AAC rats, myocardial level of 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine assessed by immunohistochemical staining, indicative of oxidative stress, was increased, LC3 II protein, a marker of autophagy, Beclin1 protein and Atg4b, Atg5, Atg7 and Atg12 mRNA expression were markedly increased, RIP1, RIP3 and MLKL expression, indicative of necroptosis, was increased, and all of the alterations in AAC rats were prevented by the NAC treatment. NAC treatment also attenuated myocyte cross‐sectional area and myocardial fibrosis in AAC rats. In conclusion, NAC treatment prevented the increases in oxidative stress, myocyte autophagy and necroptosis and the decrease in LV systolic function in pressure overload‐induced HF. These findings suggest that enhanced oxidative stress mediates pathological autophagy and necroptosis in myocytes, leading to LV systolic dysfunction, and antioxidants may be of value to prevent HF through the inhibition of excessive autophagy and necroptosis.
Cultural health capital and the stratification of reproduction in Czech and Spanish egg donation markets
Authors: Miner Skye A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article explores the ways that fertility clinics in the Czech Republic and Spain attract international fertility clients for fertility treatment involving egg donation. I draw upon a content analysis of 18 fertility clinics' advertising materials and 31 in‐depth interviews with fertility professionals in the Czech Republic and Spain, and Canadian fertility travellers to show how clinics use cultural health capital (CHC) to persist as popular destination sites for fertility travellers. I argue that the use of evidence‐based medicine and patient‐centred care combined with bioracial discourses are strategies by which clinics create a culture of fertility care that is legible to white, middle‐class, hetero travellers. My interviews with fertility patients who travelled to these sites show the ways in which CHC is interactional—I document how fertility travellers desire these specific practices that are both created for and marketed to them. By expanding the definition of CHC to show how fertility clinics market and fertility travellers expect a particular culture of fertility medicine, I elucidate the interactions between clinics and professionals that reinforce ideals of white motherhood and the stratification of reproduction.
Health costs of women with chronic overlapping pain conditions by opioid and complementary and integrative health use
Authors: Quinlan Taryn A. G. , Roberts Andrew W. , Frank Joseph W. , Whittington Melanie D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate differences in average annual health care expenditures of adult women with chronic overlapping pain conditions (COPCs) by pain treatment modality as follows: (1) no long‐term opioid or complementary and integrative health (CIH) use; (2) CIH only use; (3) long‐term opioid only use; and (4) long‐term opioid and CIH use.Data sourceCross‐sectional Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data (2012–2016).Study designWe estimated differences between average annual expenditures of adult women with COPCs by their use of long‐term opioids and CIH modalities. Generalized linear regression with a log link function was used to estimate adjusted marginal effects in annual expenditures. The distribution family was chosen based on Modified Park Tests. We controlled for pain severity, patient demographic characteristics, physical limitations, comorbidities, mental health, insurance status, physical therapy use, and census region. We also employed propensity‐score based marginal mean weighting through stratification to balance our treatment groups on observed covariates.Data collection/extraction methodsWe identified adult women (>17 years) with one or more self‐reported COPC using 3‐digit International Classification of Diseases (ICD)‐9/10‐Clinical Modification (CM) codes (N = 9169) and categorized their use of CIH and long‐term opioids.Principal findingsCompared to women without long‐term opioid or CIH use, CIH only use was significantly associated with lower inpatient expenditures (−$947 [−$1699, −$196]; p‐value < 0.01), higher office‐based expenditures ($1345 [$944, $1746]; p‐value < 0.001), and higher patient out‐of‐pocket expenditures ($628 [$409, $848]; p‐value < 0.001). Long‐term opioid use, alone or in combination with CIH, was significantly associated with higher expenditures (p‐value < 0.05) in total and across all utilization categories compared to women without any long‐term opioid or CIH use.ConclusionsOur results indicate that CIH treatment approaches for chronic pain have the potential to be utilized without increasing overall costs. Future research should further examine the role of CIH modalities in achieving cost‐effective pain management that reduces avoidable opioid use.
Thiopurines are superior to mesalamine for preventing postoperative recurrence in patients with Crohn's disease and two or more risk factors
Authors: Huang Zi Cheng , Yang Qing Fan , Tang Jian , Li Miao , Chao Kang , Gao Xiang 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveTo confirm the hypothesis that thiopurines are better than mesalamine for preventing postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease (CD) in patients with more than two risk factors.MethodsIn total 87 consecutive CD patients who underwent curative ileocolonic resection and ileocolic anastomosis were retrospectively recruited, including 43 prescribed with thiopurines and 44 with mesalamine after surgery. Four risk factors were predefined for subgroup analyses: smoking, penetrating disease, perianal disease and previous resection. End‐points included clinical (Crohn's disease activity index >200) and endoscopic recurrence (Rutgeerts score ≥i2) within 52 weeks.ResultsThere were no significant differences in clinical (37.2% vs 54.5%, P = 0.105) and endoscopic recurrence (55.8% vs 75.0%, P = 0.060) between the thiopurines and mesalamine groups by week 52. In the subgroup analysis of patients with two or more risk factors, clinical (35.7% vs 81.8%, P = 0.042) and endoscopic recurrence (64.3% vs 100%, P= 0.046) were less frequent in the thiopurine group than the mesalamine group. With one additional risk factor, the risk of endoscopic recurrence in the thiopurines group increased by 2.201‐fold (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.178‐4.115), adjusted for treatment intervention. While the risk of clinical and endoscopic recurrence in patients treated with mesalamine increased by 3.383‐fold and 5.884‐fold (95% CI 1.260‐9.081 and 1.598‐21.662). Three patients treated with thiopurines withdrew for adverse events.ConclusionsThiopurines may be superior to mesalamine for preventing postoperative recurrence of CD in patients with two or more risk factors. Caution is needed in light of the adverse events caused by thiopurines.
Simulating mergers in a vertical supply chain with bargaining
Authors: Sheu Gloria , Taragin Charles 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe model a two‐level supply chain where Nash bargaining occurs upstream and firms compete in a logit setting downstream, either via Bertrand price setting or an auction. The parameters can be calibrated with a discrete set of data on prices, margins, and market shares, facilitating use by antitrust practitioners. We perform numerical simulations to identify cases where modelling the full vertical structure is important and where harm is likely. We also examine the thwarted Anthem/Cigna merger and show how the model weighs the various arguments made by the government and the defendants.
A novel lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA competing endogenous RNA regulatory network in lung adenocarcinoma and kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Qiwei , Li Diangeng , Zheng Hongying , He Zheng , Qian Feng , Wu Xiaotian , Yin Zhiwei , Bao Peng Tao , Jin Meiling 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundGPRIN1 may be a novel tumor regulator, but its role and mechanism in tumors are still unclear.MethodsFirst, a pan‐cancer correlation analysis was conducted on the expression and prognosis of GPRIN1 based on the data downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Second, the Starbase database was used to predict the upstream miRNAs and lncRNAs of GPRIN1, and the expression analysis, survival analysis, and correlation analysis were performed to screen the microRNA (miRNAs)/long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that had a correlation with kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP) or lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Third, the CIBERSORT algorithm was employed to calculate the proportion of various types of immune cells, and then the R packages were used for evaluating the relation between GPRIN1 expression and tumor immune cell infiltration as well as between GPRIN1 and the immune cell biomarker. Finally, the correlation analysis was made on GPRIN1 and immune checkpoints (CD274, CTLA4, and PDCD1).ResultsThe pan‐cancer analysis suggested that GPRIN1 was up‐expressed in KIRP and LUAD, and it correlated with poor prognosis. LINC00894/MMP25‐AS1/SNHG1/LINC02298/MIR193BHG‐miR‐140‐3p was likely to be the most promising upstream regulation pathway of GPRIN1. Upexpression of LINC00894/MMP25‐AS1/SNHG1/LINC02298/MIR193BHG and downexpression of miR‐140‐3p were found relevant with poor outcomes of KIRP and LUAD. GPRIN1 expression was significantly correlated with tumor immune cell infiltration, immune cell biomarkers, and immune checkpoints.ConclusionsThe competitive endogenous (ceRNA) of miR‐140‐3p‐GPRIN1 axis and its upstream lncRNAs are closely related to KIRP and LUAD, and might affect the prognosis and therapeutic effect of KIRP and LUAD.
Genetic reduction of mTOR extends lifespan in a mouse model of Hutchinson‐Gilford Progeria syndrome
Authors: Cabral Wayne A. , Tavarez Urraca L. , Beeram Indeevar , Yeritsyan Diana , Boku Yoseph D. , Eckhaus Michael A. , Nazarian Ara , Erdos Michael R. , Collins Francis S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHutchinson‐Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare accelerated aging disorder most notably characterized by cardiovascular disease and premature death from myocardial infarction or stroke. The majority of cases are caused by a de novo single nucleotide mutation in the LMNA gene that activates a cryptic splice donor site, resulting in production of a toxic form of lamin A with a 50 amino acid internal deletion, termed progerin. We previously reported the generation of a transgenic murine model of progeria carrying a human BAC harboring the common mutation, G608G, which in the single‐copy state develops features of HGPS that are limited to the vascular system. Here, we report the phenotype of mice bred to carry two copies of the BAC, which more completely recapitulate the phenotypic features of HGPS in skin, adipose, skeletal, and vascular tissues. We further show that genetic reduction of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) significantly extends lifespan in these mice, providing a rationale for pharmacologic inhibition of the mTOR pathway in the treatment of HGPS.
Bargaining power and risk from substitutability between products attributes the case of specialty eggs in Canada
Authors: Atozou Baoubadi , Tamini Lota D. , Doyon Maurice 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSupply managementpolicy covers conventional egg production in Canada and uses production costs to determine producer prices. The context differs for specialty eggs since graders and farmers individually negotiate the price premiums. Because specialty egg production, such as cage‐free or organic production, involves important fixed‐cost farm investment, it is of interest to assess potential bargaining power in the value chain, especially given the significant commitments from Canadian retail stores and fast food restaurants to move exclusively to cage‐free eggs in the coming years. This article develops a theoretical model of joint profit maximization and price adjustment under risk. Due to data availability, a reduced version of the proposed model is used to empirically test the bargaining power along the value chain for specialty eggs. Although the estimations concentrate on the bargaining power of producers, other actors in the value chain are considered. The results show that the bargaining power of downstream actors is greater than that of producers in most provinces and for most specialty eggs.