bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comorbidities of COVID-19 Patients with Low Cycle Threshold (Ct) Value of Nucleocapsid (N) Gene: An Application to Cluster-Based Logistic Model.
Authors: Rudra Sujan , Das Shuva , Hoque Md. Ehsanul , Kalam Abul , Rahman Mohammad Arifur , Shizuka Swagata Nandy , Rahman Tazrina 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a health crisis throughout the world. The widely used Real-time Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-PCR) method is most capable of describing the patient’s condition. Comorbidities can make patients more critical.Methods: In this study, we shed light on the low cycle threshold (Ct) value of the N gene in the rRT-PCR test of the COVID-19 patients who had comorbidities, cure rate, and the needfulness of ICU (Intensive Care Unit) management. We had conducted the research in the Molecular Biology Laboratory of Chittagong Medical College between May and August 2020, then took the telephone interview with 300 positive patients who fulfilled the study criteria. We applied cluster-based logistic regression to analyze the data.Results: Low Ct value of the N gene found 1.324 times more in Type 2 DM patients and 1.871 times higher in hypertensive patients, and hospitalized patients are 2.480 times more vulnerable to shift in ICU.Conclusions: While infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) frequently causes severe diseases, suspected cases with comorbid conditions should go through the rRT-PCR as early as possible.
Physical Fitness in Spanish Naval Cadets. A 4-year Study
Authors: Oliveira Iris de , Vila Helena , Burgos-Martos Franciso , Carral Jose M Cancela 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Military physical readiness largely depends on Soldiers maintaining the level of general health and physical fitness to perform their requisite occupational duties in garrison and deployment environments. To know the physical fitness of naval cadets throughout its formative stage, will help us define a training program tailored to your needs. The objective of this study was to analyse the physical fitness of the cadets enrolled in the Military training in the academic year 2018-2019 in the XXXX.Methods. A longitudinal correlational-descriptive design was developed. 167 of the 292 students who participated in the global analysis participated in the pre and post (first and second semester) physical fitness tests (153 males and 14 females, mean age 21.86±3.5) and were stratified by age groups. Anthropometric and data from the Spanish army physical fitness assessment system (2 min Push-Ups, 1000 and 50m races, Vertical Jump and 50m swimming) was used. A descriptive, inferential and correlational analysis was carried out and the level of significance set for the study was p≤0.05.Results. Inferential analysis between marks by age group and for the total sample shows statistical differences for the total sample in the 1000m and 50m race (p<0.001) and in Vertical Jump test (p<0.01). There was significant statistical correlation between all the five tests developed.Conclusion. The level of physical fitness of cadets at the XXXX appears to be acceptable when compared to other countries military naval corps. A coherence between training and evaluation is of extremely importance and probably a rethinking on resistance and power strength should be necessary.
Body Composition in Female Patients with Adhesion Capsulitis of the Shoulder: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Fujiwara Motoi , Ito Masaaki , Yi Shuang-Qin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Many studies have attempted to clarify factors associated with the development of shoulder periarthritis. In its early stage, omalgia impairs normal, everyday life. Due to this pain, muscle force decreases in the affected side of the upper limb, and a change occurs in body composition distribution, especially in the upper limb. Currently, body composition distribution can be measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Methods: 102 patients with unilateral shoulder pain over 3 months (5 males and 97 females, mean age: 62.5 ± 10.5 years) were assigned to the shoulder pain group (painful group). The control group consisted of 237 patients without shoulder pain (20 males and 197 females, mean age: 59.8 ±14.2 years). These factors were measured using a QDR-4500 DEXA scanner (Hologic Co., Ltd.). Results: Mean values of bone mineral density were 0.57 ±0.09 g/cm2 on the affected side and 0.59 ± 0.08 g/cm2 on the non-affected side in the painful group. Mean values in the control group were 0.57 ± 0.14 g/cm2 on the left side and 0.58 ±0.09 g/cm2 on the right side. There was no significant difference between the shoulder with and without pain, affected and non-affected side. Mean proportions of the upper limb that was fat were 40.1 ± 9.5% on the affected side and 35.7 ±9.8% on the non-affected side in the painful group. In the control group, the means were 39.2 ±11.1% on the left side and 37.5 ± 10.9% on the right side. The mean muscle masses of the upper limb were 1548.5 ±304.2 g on the affected side and 1723.5 ±321.5 g on the non-affected side in the painful group. There was a significant difference between the affected and non-affected side. Conclusions: We measured the body composition of the upper limb. Muscle mass of upper limb was significantly different between the affected and non-affected sides.
Automated Classification of Osteoarthritis in the Knee Using Deep Learning
Authors: Olsson Simon , Akbarian Ehsan , Lind Anna , Razavian Ali Sharif , Gordon Max 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUNDPrevalence for knee osteoarthritis is rising in Sweden and globally due to an ageing and more obese population. This has subsequently led to an increasing demand for knee arthroplasties. Correctly diagnosing, classifying, follow-up and planning for either conservative or operative management of knee OA is therefore of a great interest. Most orthopedic surgeons rely on standard weight bearing radiographs, improving the reliability and reproducibility of these interpretations could thus be hugely beneficial. Recently deep learning, a form of artificial intelligence (AI), has shown promising results for interpreting radiographs. In this study, we aim to evaluate how well an AI can classify knee OA severity using entire image series and not excluding common visual disturbances such as implants, casts and other pathologies.MethodsWe selected 6103 radiograph exams taken at Danderyd University Hospital between the years 2002-2016 and manually categorized them according to the Kellgren & Lawrence grading scale (KL). We then trained a convolutional neural network that we evaluated against a test set of 300 exams. These exams had been reviewed independently by two senior orthopedic surgeons who settled exams with disagreement through a consensus session. ResultsOur network yielded an overall high AUC of >0.87 for all KL grades except KL grade 2 and a mean AUC of 0.92. When merging adjacent KL grades together, all but one group showed near perfect results with AUC > 0.95 indicating excellent performance. ConclusionWe found that we could teach a neural network classify knee OA severity and laterality using the KL grading scale without cleaning the input data from major visual disturbances such as implants and other pathologies.
Clinical, Radiological, Pedobarographic, and Quality of Life Outcomes of the Ponseti Treatment for Clubfoot: A Prospective Study from Iran
Authors: Vahidi Kamyar , Shamabadi Ahmad , Nabian Mohammad Hossein , Vosoughi Fardis , Zargarbashi Ramin , Panjavi Behnam 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Talipes equinovarus, also known as clubfoot, is a congenital anomaly that affects one newborn per 1000 live births. Its standard treatment strategy is the Ponseti casting management. This study aims to report the long-term outcomes of the Ponseti treatment in Iran.Methods: A prospective cohort study was enrolled to evaluate clinical outcomes, radiological results, pedobarographic measurements, and quality of life after the Ponseti treatment in patients with clubfoot who were followed for at least five years.Results: In this study, 25 clubfeet of 18 patients were included. Significant reductions in Pirani, Dimeglio, and CAP scores, improved ankle dorsiflexion, and acceptable pedobarographic indices were observed in this study. From the radiological evaluation indices, the calcaneal pitch and lateral talus-first metatarsal angles were significantly reduced. The quality of life of patients after five years of treatment was favorable, which was better in females. This study showed that the results of the Ponseti treatment remained acceptable after five years.Conclusions: The Ponseti management for clubfoot in the long term appears to maintain significant improvements. However, the rate of recurrence – albeit without disruption to daily activities - cannot be ignored.
The Two-dimensional and Three-dimensional T2 Weighted Imaging-based Radiomic Signatures Selected for the Preoperative Discrimination of Ovarian Borderline Tumors and Epithelial Cancer.
Authors: Liu Xuefen , Wang Tianping , Zhang Guofu , Hua Keqin , Jiang Hua , Duan Shaofeng , Jin Jun , Zhang He 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Accurate discrimination between ovarian borderline tumors (BOTs) and malignancies with imaging play an important role in management.Purpose: To evaluate the ability of T2-weighted imaging (T2WI)-based radiomics to discriminate ovarian borderline tumors (BOTs) from malignancies based on two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) lesion segmentation methods.Methods: A total of 95 patients with pathologically proven ovarian BOTs and 101 patients with malignancies were retrospectively included in this study. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of the signatures derived from T2WI-based radiomics in their ability to differentiate between BOTs and malignancies and compared the performance differences in the 2D and 3D segmentation models. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method (LASSO) was used for radiomics feature selection and machine learning processing.Results: The radiomics score between BOTs and malignancies in four types of selected T2WI-based radiomics models differed significantly at the statistical level (p < 0.0001). For the classification between BOTs and malignant masses, the 2D and 3D coronal T2WI-based radiomics models yielded accuracy values of 0.79 and 0.83 in the testing group, respectively; the 2D and 3D sagittal fat-suppressed (fs) T2WI-based radiomics models yielded an accuracy of 0.78 and 0.99, respectively.Conclusion: Our results suggest that T2WI-based radiomic features were highly correlated with ovarian tumor subtype classification. 3D-sagittal MRI radiomics features may help clinicians differentiate ovarian BOTs from malignancies with high accuracy (ACC).
Availability of Medical Oxygen and its Clinical Practice in Thirty Two Public Hospitals of Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Time-Series Design
Authors: Tolla Habtamu Seyoum , Asemere Yigeremu Abebe , Desale Alebel Yaregal , Woyessa Dinkineh Bikila , Fekadu Zinabie Feleke , Belete Alemayehu Berhanu , Battu Audrey , Lam Felix 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Oxygen is an essential medicine that saves many children dying of hypoxemia from pneumonia. Nearly more than 95% of deaths occur in developing countries. Similarly, the prevalence of pneumonia is high in Ethiopia. Oxygen therapy is a lifesaving treatment, however, the appropriate use and administration of oxygen in clinical practice is often challenging without knowledge of its potential risks and benefits. Therefore, the study aims to assess the functional availability of oxygen devices and its clinical practice in public hospitals of Ethiopia.Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional time-series design was conducted from December 2015 to December 2019. Primary data was collected from 32 public hospitals bi-annually. Similarly, medical record charts were reviewed retrospectively biannually using interviewer-administered structured questionnaires. A chi-square test that claimed P<0.05 used to assess the statistical significance differences.Results: The study was conducted in thirty-two public hospitals of Ethiopia, where capacity building and technical support interventions implemented. Of which, 15 (46.9%) were General hospitals, and the remaining 10 (31.2%) and 7 (21.9%) were Referral and Primary hospitals respectively. Multifaceted approaches such as on-site and off-site capacity building of healthcare workers, regular mentorship, technical assistance, development of guideline/manuals, oxygen device procurement and maintenance were provided to healthcare workers and health facilities. Functional availability of oxygen has shown a statistically significant increase from 62% to 100% in Pediatric In-patient Department of general and referral hospitals (p-value < 0.001). Similarly, functional availability of Pulse Oximetry has shown statistically significant increased from 45% to 96%. With regard to the clinical practice, SpO2 measurement at diagnosis and admission has increased from 10.2% to 75% and 20.5% to 83% respectively.Conclusions: Based on the intervention results, we can conclude that multifaceted approaches targeting healthcare workers capacity, increased device procurement and on-site device maintenance with on-site mentorship can improve the availability of medical oxygen and pulse oximetry and clinical practice of oxygen therapy in health facilities. Therefore, ensuring device availability along with regular technical support and close follow-up of healthcare workers and facilities are key and the initiative needs to be scaled-up.
Modified MCL Indentation Technique in Total Knee Arthroplasty With Severe Type II Valgus Deformity
Authors: Li Feng , Wang Cheng , Zhao Minwei , Geng Xiao , Li Junyang , Zhou Ge , Sun Dong , Tian Hua 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose A modified technique, medial indentation of the medial collateral ligament(MCL),was usedin total kneearthroplastywith severe type II valgus deformity. The study compared the clinical outcomes of the technique relative to conventional release group. Methods Consecutive patients with a Krackow type II valgus deformity of >20° who underwent a primary unilateral TKA between May 2008 and June 2017 were retrospectively studied. Modified MCL indentation technique was performed in 20 patients (group A), while the remaining 23 patients (group B) received routine release technique. Radiological parameters, such as the valgus angle (VA), and functional outcomes including the use of constraint implants, Knee Society Score(KSS), Knee Society function score(KSF), and height of the polyethylene insert, were compared between the two groups.Results 43 consecutive patients had a minimum 2-year follow-up. The preoperative VA was comparable between group A (23.5° ± 5.8°) and group B (21.3° ± 3.2°, P =0.134), so was the postoperative VA (1.1° ± 2.1° and 2.5° ± 3.0°, P =0.084 in groups A and B, respectively).The postoperative KSS and KSF showed marked improvement. While no statistically significant difference in preoperative or postoperative functional scores was found between two groups, group A had thinner PE insert (9.5 ± 1.1 mm vs. 12.9 ± 1.5 mm) and less use of constrained condylar inserts(15% vs. 69.6%). Conclusion Modified MCL indentation technique can achieve good outcomes in TKA with type II valgus deformity of >20°.
Serum Lactate:Creatinine Ratio as a Potential Therapeutic Markers of Liver Failure Patients Treated by Artificial Liver Support Systems
Authors: Sun Shuilin , Chen Ling , Zhou Guanlin , Guo Lili , geng Ruijin , Yang Wenlong , Xie Baogang , Wang Wenxin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Artificial liver support systems (ALSSs) have been recommended as important approaches for treating liver fuilure (LF) patients. However, very few studies have focused on the screening of potential serum therapeutic markers of LF patients treated by ALSSs. Here, serum samples were obtained from 57 LF patients before and after ALSSs treatment and analyzed by metabonomics. The results showed that ratios of creatine:creatinine, taurine:creatinine, and lactate:creatinine were significantly altered and restored to normal levels after ALSSs treatment. The ratio of lactate:creatinine showed the highest area under a receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUROC) value (0.650), which was higher than that of the prothrombin time activity (PTA, 0.562). A retrospective analysis showed that serum lactate:creatinine ratios among the LF patient groups were 0.038 ± 0.002 (survival group, n=48), 0.048 ± 0.005 (three-month death group, n=24), and 0.052 ± 0.005 (one-month death group, n=33), which was significantly negatively correlated with survival (r= - 0.26). Another retrospective cohort analysis (n=81) of LF patients showed that the lactate-creatinine ratio in the death group remained unchanged, but fell markedly in the survival group (0.052 ± 0.005 vs. 0.025 ± 0.002) after ALSSs treatment. In comparison, the serum PTA levels were no statistical differences of in both the death group and survival group after ALSSs treatment. The AUROC of serum lactate-creatinine ratio and PTA after ALSSs treatment for diagnosis of survival group from death group was 0.682 and 0.591 respectively. These results indicate that the serum lactate-creatinine ratio may be more reliable than measures of PTA to evaluate the therapeutic effect of ALSSs treatment in LF patients.
COVID-19 Associated Pancreatitis: A Review of 66 Cases
Authors: Rahimian Zahra , Ardekani Ali , Feili Afrooz , Lankarani Kamran Bagheri 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has shown itself with different clinical manifestations. Besides respiratory distress, cough, and fever, which were the most common symptoms, pancreatitis has been reported as a rare presentation of this disease, but the knowledge on this association and its pathogenesis is sparse. Methods: Four databases, including Pub Med, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, were searched for the association of pancreatitis and SARS-CoV- 2 infection, and 29 relevant articles were extracted and reviewed. Results: We reviewed 29 studies provided 66 cases developed acute pancreatitis while they were infected with SARS-CoV-2. The mean age of patients was 49.94 ± 16.96. The female to male ratio was 1.06 (33 to 31). In 44% of cases, acute pancreatitis developed as the primary presentation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 9% of reported cases, expired.Conclusions: During this pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the patients presenting with acute pancreatitis. Although pancreatitis will respond to standard care, these patients need isolation and observation for later development of respiratory symptoms.
Functional and Clinical Results of Patients Who Underwent an Ileal Pouch Anal AnastomosisFunctional and Clinical Results of Patients Who Underwent an Ileal Pouch Anal Anastomosis
Authors: Yavuz Aydin , Gobut Huseyin , Kubat Omer , Altiner Saygin , Dikmen Kursat , Bostanci Hasan , Yuksel Osman 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Our aim is to evaluate the patients who underwent IPAA in our clinic, in terms of their characteristics, early and late complications, the results, and the problems that may emerge after the IPAA such as the quality of life. Methods: Twenty-two of the 26 patients, who underwent IPAA were included in the study. Evaluations were made on the demographic characteristics of the patients, surgical indications, the type of operation, pathological diagnosis, early and late postoperative complications, and functional outcomes. Cleveland Global Quality of Life scoring was administered in order to evaluate the quality of life.Results: Ten of the patients had UC and 12 had FAP. Nineteen of the patients underwent a two-stage surgical procedure. In postoperative period, ileus occurred in 4 patients (18.2%), 5 had wound infections (22.7%), 3 had a pelvic abscess (13.6%), and other complications developed in 5 patients (22.7%). Two patients had pouchitis (9.1%), 2 had anastomotic stenosis (9.1%), and 2 had pouch dysfunction (9.1%). There was incontinence with fluid in 6 (27.3%) patients. Four patients (18.2%) used pads during the day, requiring defecation with an average of (4.31±2.37) times during the day and (1.04±0.89) times at night. Half of them (50%) had complaints of sexual dysfunction. The life quality score was observed to be significantly better in patients with FAP (0.85±0.13) compared to patients with UC patients (0.71±0.11).Conclusion: This procedure could be applied safely with low comorbidity and good functional outcomes in experienced health centers with high caseloads.
A New Biomarker Tool for Risk Stratification in “De Novo” Acute Heart Failure (OROME)
Authors: Bermejo Rosa Agra , Cacho-Antonio Carla , Gonzalez-Babarro Eva , Rozados-Luis Adriana , Couselo-Seijas Marinela , Gómez-Otero Inés , Varela-Román Alfonso , López-Canoa José N , Gómez-Rodríguez Isabel , Pata María , Eiras Sonia , González-Juanatey Jose R 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Inflammation is one of the mechanisms involved on heart failure (HF) pathophysiology. Thus, the acute phase reactant protein, orosomucoid, was associated with a worse post-discharge prognosis in de novo acute HF (AHF). However, the presence of anti-inflammatory adipokine, omentin, might protect and reduce the severity of the disease. We wanted to evaluate the value of omentin and orosomucoid combination for stratifying risk of these patients.Methods and Results: Two independent cohorts of patients admitted for de novo AHF in two centers were included in the study (n=218). Orosomucoid and omentin circulating levels were determined by ELISA at discharge. Patients were follow-up for 317 (3-575) days. A predictive model was determined for primary endpoint, death and/or HF readmission. Differences in survival were evaluated using a Log-rank test. According cut-off values of orosomucoid and omentin, patients were classified on UpDown (high orosomucoid and low omentin levels), equal (both proteins high or low) and DownUp (low orosomucoid and high omentin levels). The Kaplan Meier determined worse prognosis for the UpDown group (Long-rank test p=0.02). The predictive model that includes the combination of orosomucoid and omentin groups (OROME) + NT-proBNP values achieved a higher C-index=0.84 than the predictive model with NT-proBNP (C-index=0.80) or OROME (C-index=0.79) or orosomucoid alone (C-index=0.80). Conclusions: The orosomucoid and omentin determination stratifies de novo AHF patients in high, mild and low risk of rehospitalization and/or death for HF. Its combination with NT-proBNP improves its predictive value in this group of patients.
A cooperative DDoS attack detection scheme based on entropy and ensemble learning in SDN
Authors: Yu Shanshan , Zhang Jicheng , Liu Ju , Zhang Xiaoqing , Li Yafeng , Xu Tianfeng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In order to solve the problem of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack detection in software defined network (SDN), we proposed a cooperative DDoS attack detection scheme based on entropy and ensemble learning. This method sets up a coarse grained initial detection module based on entropy in the edge switch to monitor the network status in real time and report to the controller if any abnormality is found. Simultaneously, a fine grained precise attack detection module is designed in the controller, and a ensemble learning-based algorithm is utilized to further identify abnormal traffic accurately. In this framework, the idle computing capability of edge switches is fully utilized with the design idea of edge computing to offload part of the detection task from the control plane to the data plane innovatively. Simulation results of two common DDoS attack methods, ICMP and SYN, show that the system can effectively detect DDoS attacks and greatly reduce the southbound communication overhead and the burden of the controller as well as the detection delay of the attacks.