bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Mood and Insomnia in Persons With Dementia
Authors: Jin Jeff W. , Nowakowski Sara , Taylor Amy , Medina Luis D. , Kunik Mark E. 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a goal-oriented intervention that aims to improve detrimental emotional or behavioral distress by modifying individuals’ thought processes. This review evaluates the efficacy and specific adaptations of CBT in persons with mild cognitive impairment and dementia.

Methods:
A literature search of PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO was conducted up to March 2020. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias criteria.

Results:
Twelve publications were identified. Seven of the studies demonstrated CBT efficacy to improve depression, anxiety, and/or quality of life. One study’s positive postintervention outcome became insignificant with longer term follow up. Two of the studies improved sleep outcomes. Four studies integrated caregivers into intervention delivery. Three studies utilized content, memory, and adherence adaptations aimed to improve intervention efficacy. Two studies included adaptations to address caregiver burden and depression.

Conclusion:
There is strong evidence to suggest that CBT is associated with improvements in anxiety, depression, and quality of life in persons with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. CBT showed a reduction in insomnia and improvements in sleep quality. However, there is insufficient evidence to draw conclusions on the effects of CBT on insomnia. These results suggest that further investigation into insomnia outcomes is needed.
Race-ethnicity and Perceptional Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions: A Cross-sectional Study Among Health Workers and the General Population in the San Francisco Bay Area
Authors: Weng Yingjie , Lu Di , Bollyky Jenna , Jain Vivek , Desai Manisha , Lindan Christina , Boothroyd Derek , Judson Timothy , Doernberg Sarah B. , Holubar Marisa , Sample Hannah , Huang Beatrice , Maldonado Yvonne , Rutherford George W. , Grumbach Kevin ,   for the California Pandemic Consortium
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare intention to receive COVID-19 vaccination by race-ethnicity, to identify perceptional factors that may mediate the association between race-ethnicity and intention to receive the vaccine, and to identify the demographic and perceptional factors most strongly predictive of intention to receive a vaccine.DesignCross-sectional survey conducted from November, 2020 to January, 2021, nested within two longitudinal cohort studies of prevalence and incidence of SARS CoV-2 among the general population and healthcare workers.Study Cohort3,161 participants in the Track COVID cohort (a population-based sample of adults) and 1,803 participants in the CHART Study cohort (a cohort of employees at three large medical centers).ResultsRates of high vaccine willingness were significantly lower among Black (45.3%), Latinx (62.5%), Asian (65%), multi-racial (67.2%), and other race (61.0%) respondents than among white respondents (77.6%). Black, Latinx, and Asian respondents were significantly more likely than white respondents to endorse reasons to not get vaccinated, especially lack of trust. Participants’ motivations and concerns about COVID-19 vaccination only partially explained racial-ethnic differences in vaccination willingness. Being a health worker in the CHART cohort and concern about a rushed government vaccine approval process were the two most important factors predicting vaccination intention.ConclusionsSpecial efforts are required to reach historically marginalized racial-ethnic communities to support informed decision-making about COVID-19 vaccination. These campaigns must acknowledge the history of racism in biomedical research and health care delivery that has degraded the trustworthiness of health and medical science institutions among non-white population and may continue to undermine confidence in COVID-19 vaccines.
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among persons living in homeless shelters in France
Authors: Longchamps C , Ducarroz S , Crouzet L , Vignier N. , Pourtau L. , Allaire C , Colleville AC , Aarbaoui T El , Melchior M ,   the ECHO study group
Published: April 2021

AbstractCOVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is frequent and can constitute a barrier to the dissemination of vaccines once they are available. Unequal access to vaccines may also contribute to socioeconomic inequalities with regard to COVID-19. We studied vaccine hesitancy among persons living in homeless shelters in France between May and June 2020 (n=235). Overall, 40.9% of study participants reported vaccine hesitancy, which is comparable to general population trends in France. In multivariate regression models, factors associated with vaccine hesitancy are: being a woman (OR=2.55; 95% CI 1.40-4.74), living with a partner (OR=2.48, 95% CI 1.17-5.41), no legal residence in France (OR=0.51, 95% CI 0.27-0.92), and health literacy (OR=0.38, 95% CI 0.21, 0.68). Our results suggest that trends in vaccine hesitancy and associated factors are similar among homeless persons as in the general population. Dissemination of information on vaccine risks and benefits needs to be adapted to persons who experience severe disadvantage.
Analysis of the mechanism of Aldo-keto reductase dependent cis-platin resistance in HepG2 based on transcriptomic and NADH metabolic analysis
Authors: Sun Tingting , Sun Xue , Wang Xin , Guo Rui , Yu Yuanhua , Gao Le 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAldo-keto oxidoreductase (AKR) inhibitors could reverse several cancer cells’ resistance to Cis-platin, but their role in resistance remains unclear. Our RNA-seq results showed de novo NAD biosynthesis-related genes, and NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductases were significantly upregulated in Cis-platin-resistant HepG2 hepatic cancer cells (HepG2-RC cells) compared with HepG2 cells. Knockdown of AKR1Cs could increase Cis-platin sensitivity in HepG2-RC cells about two-fold. Interestingly, the AKR1C inhibitor meclofenamic acid could increase Cis-platin sensitivity of HepG2-RC cells about eight-fold, indicating that knockdown of AKR1Cs only partially reversed the resistance. Meanwhile, the amount of total NAD and the ratio of NADH/NAD+ were increased in HepG2-RC cells compared with HepG2 cells. The increased NADH could be explained as a directly operating antioxidant to scavenge radicals induced by Cis-platin. We report here that NADH, which is produced by NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductases, plays a key role in the AKR-associated Cis-platin resistance of HepG2 hepatic cancer cells.
Phylogenetic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 lineage development across the first and second waves in Eastern Germany, 2020
Authors: Yi Buqing , Poetsch Anna R. , Stadtmüller Marlena , Rost Fabian , Winkler Sylke , Dalpke Alexander H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 lineages prevalent in the first and second waves in Eastern Germany were different, with many new variants including four predominant lineages in the second wave, having been introduced into Eastern Germany between August to October 2020, indicating the major cause of the second wave was the introduction of new variants.
Possible link between higher transmissibility of B.1.617 and B.1.1.7 variants of SARS-CoV-2 and increased structural stability of its spike protein and hACE2 affinity
Authors: Kumar Vipul , Singh Jasdeep , Hasnain Seyed E. , Sundar Durai 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Severe Acute syndrome corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak in December 2019 has caused a global pandemic. The rapid mutation rate in the virus has caused alarming situations worldwide and is being attributed to the false negativity in RT-PCR tests, which also might lead to inefficacy of the available drugs. It has also increased the chances of reinfection and immune escape. We have performed Molecular Dynamic simulations of three different Spike-ACE2 complexes, namely Wildtype (WT), B.1.1.7 variant (N501Y Spike mutant) and B.1.617 variant (L452R, E484Q Spike mutant) and compared their dynamics, binding energy and molecular interactions. Our result shows that mutation has caused the increase in the binding energy between the Spike and hACE2. In the case of B.1.617 variant, the mutations at L452R and E484Q increased the stability and intra-chain interactions in the Spike protein, which may change the interaction ability of human antibodies to this Spike variant. Further, we found that the B.1.1.7 variant had increased hydrogen interaction with LYS353 of hACE2 and more binding affinity in comparison to WT. The current study provides the biophysical basis for understanding the molecular mechanism and rationale behind the increase in the transmissivity and infectivity of the mutants compared to wild-type SARS-CoV-2.
Use of rock‐physics analysis of well logs to determine compaction history of Cretaceous shales in the Rovuma basin, Offshore Mozambique
Authors: Nhabanga Oscar J. , Ringrose Philip S. , Holt Rune M. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTCretaceous shales from the emerging gas province of the Rovuma basin are examined using well‐log data from two exploration wells. The P‐wave acoustic impedance (AIp) data were estimated, and then brittleness and ductility were assessed within the framework of the Reuss–Voigt limits for acoustic impedance. We then predicted the shale consolidation using a weighting function (Wc) which varies between 0 for the case of grains in suspension (the Reuss limit) and 1 for the case of consolidated rock or cemented shale (the Voigt limit). At the Reuss limit, the formation AIp is highly sensitive to pressure while at the Voigt limit the formation AIp is insensitive to pressure. For the wells in this study, most data plot close to the lower bound with Wc < 0.5, hence showing a significant sensitivity to pressure. Although the Cretaceous shales in the Rovuma basin are dominated by a mechanical compaction regime, some onset of chemical compaction is observed. The rock‐physics analysis showed that the same shale in these two exploration wells had very distinctive and contrasting elastic properties. The deeper well interval clearly shows a ductile shale while the shallower well shows a range of ductile to brittle behaviour matching with the onset of chemical diagenesis at temperatures >58°C. These differences in the development and rate of chemical diagenesis in the same formation are likely due to contrasts in the rate of burial and have important implications for future seismic exploration studies.
Roles of leaf functional traits in fungal endophyte colonization: Potential implications for host–pathogen interactions
Authors: González‐Teuber Marcia , Palma‐Onetto Valeria , Aguilera‐Sammaritano Juan , Mithöfer Axel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Fungal endophytes (FE) are an important component of leaf microbial communities. They usually live asymptomatically within leaf tissues; however, FE can provide additional defensive features against microbial pathogens to the host. Leaf functional traits (LFTs) regulate FE entry, colonization and community composition in plants.

There is evidence that thin leaves with less structural and chemical traits but high nutrient content are more prone to FE colonization than well‐defended thick leaves. This illustrates the relevance of trade‐offs (= an increase in a trait, with a decrease in another trait) in LFTs, suggesting that the leaf economics spectrum (LES, which describes relationships in a suite of leaf traits aligned from a resource‐acquisitive to a resource‐conservative ecological strategy) may be a predictor of FE colonization and community composition in plants.

We hypothesize that LES‐modulated changes in the leaf internal environment (i.e. thin, low‐defended vs. thick, well‐defended leaves) will (a) have consequences for host resistance to pathogens due to changes in the FE colonization and diversity and, subsequently, in the foliar chemical profile and (b) may cause a switch in FE behaviour to a pathogenic lifestyle.

Synthesis. Still, our knowledge of how the coexistence between host plants and FE is regulated remains limited. LFTs may act as relevant ecological hub of FE colonization, community composition and life behaviour in natural ecosystems, with potential bottom‐up effects on other organisms, including pathogens. We highlight and discuss critical aspects in this topic and end by proposing new avenues of research in this emerging field.
Aichi virus inactivation by heat in 2‐ml glass vials
Authors: Ailavadi Sukriti , Morgan Mark T. , D'Souza Doris H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAichi virus (AiV) that results in gastroenteritis worldwide, is spread through contaminated shellfish and water. The resistance/tolerance of AiV to common inactivation processes along with the absence of commercially available vaccines makes it necessary to study its thermal inactivation kinetics. This research evaluated the heat inactivation of AiV in cell‐culture media using 2‐ml sterile glass vials by the linear and Weibull models. Heat treatments of AiV titers of 7 log plaque forming units (PFU)/ml were conducted thrice in a water‐bath at 50, 54, and 58 °C for up to 90 min. Plaque assays for each dilution in duplicate were used to determine infectious virus titers. Linear model D‐values for AiV at 50 ± 1 °C (± = standard error) (come‐up time = 68 s), 54 ± 0.7 °C (130 s), and 58 ± 0.6°C (251 s) were 43.3 ± 4.23 (R2 = 0.40, RMSE = 0.56), 5.69 ± 0.28 (R2 = 0.80, RMSE = 0.43), and 1.20 ± 0.63 min (R2 = 0.69, RMSE = 0.39), respectively, and the linear model z‐value was 5.14 ± 0.39°C (R2 = 0.99, RMSE = 0.08). For the same temperatures, the Weibull model td = 1 values were 20.98 ± 8.8 (R2 = 0.62, RMSE = 0.46, α (scale parameter) = 2.30, β (shape parameter) = 0.38), 3.84 ± 0.69 (R2 = 0.85, RMSE = 0.38, α = 1.08, β = 0.66), and 0.87 ± 0.10 min (R2 = 0.80, RMSE = 0.32, α = 0.22, β = 0.61), respectively and the z‐value (using Td = 1) was 5.79 ± 0.22 °C (R2 = 1.0, RMSE = 0.03). A better fit was obtained with the Weibull model for log reductions versus time with higher R2 and lower RMSE values. Application of AiV inactivation parameters can help reduce the risk of AiV outbreaks.
Understanding human attitudes towards bats and the role of information and aesthetics to boost a positive response as a conservation tool
Authors: Boso Àlex , Álvarez Boris , Pérez Beatriz , Imio Juan Carlos , Altamirano Adison , Lisón Fulgencio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAn understanding of human attitudes towards wildlife can be an essential element in the success or failure of a conservation initiative, policy or practice and represents one of the main conservation problems for wildlife species. Despite the ecosystem services bats provide, they often are a socially stigmatized group, misperceived and even hunted. This problem has been on the increase as a result of the Covid‐19 pandemic. We examined how aesthetic appeal and informational factors could influence human attitudes towards bats in a survey of 1966 participants from Spanish‐speaking countries. Gender, educational level, religiousness and previous experiences with bats were relevant variables to understand attitudes towards them. The results indicate that both aesthetic and informational stimuli increase the positive responses, reducing the negatives on the participants' attitudes. Our results show the importance of public attitudes to achieve conservation goals, especially in the context of human‐wildlife conflict. Bats are not charismatic animals and are still surrounded in mystery; however, our findings could benefit bat conservation plans, allowing the development of new communication strategies both locally and nationally and increasing public acceptance that will facilitate bat conservation.
Effect of commonly used surgical solutions on the tensile strength of absorbable sutures: an in‐vitro study
Authors: Cawthorne Donald P. , Castillo Tiana E. , Sivakumar Brahman S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundWithin recent decades the use of various surgical solutions to prevent bleeding, ward off infection or decrease post‐operative pain has become common‐place in orthopaedic procedures. However, little work has been done to determine the effects that these solutions have on the tensile strength of various sutures, particularly those that are used for deep closures, which are often absorbable in nature. Whilst numerous authors have attempted to reach conclusions regarding the nature of these effects, a consensus has yet to be reached and this paper is designed with the aim to contribute to the current literature on the subject and improve surgical practice.MethodsThis in‐vitro study incubated three different surgical sutures in five commonly used surgical solutions at 37°C for 30 min, prior to applying a constant increase in force to determine the effects these solutions have on tensile strength. A control set was included.ResultsNo significant difference was found in the tensile strength of Vicryl and PDS‐II sutures, whilst Monocryl incubated in chlorhexidine exhibited a borderline significant increase in tensile strength.ConclusionsCommon surgical solutions used on orthopaedic procedures can impact on the tensile strength of suture materials; however, further research is required on the subject.
Interactions of the influences of habitat protection, habitat heterogeneity, and periodic flooding on waterbirds of the lower Paraná River, Argentina
Authors: Quiroga Virginia M. , Ronchi‐Virgolini Ana Laura , Lorenzón Rodrigo E. , Lammertink Martjan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHow waterbirds respond to environmental characteristics of river systems is of interest because of the high biodiversity of waterbirds in these systems, their ecological roles, and the importance of waterbirds in hunting for sport or sustenance. We studied the influence of natural factors (water‐level fluctuations and environmental heterogeneity) and human‐related factors (habitat protection, which primarily excludes cattle grazing and hunting) on waterbirds in the Pre‐Delta region of the Paraná River system during three years. Our objectives were to evaluate the environmental factors that influence the assemblages of waterbirds and whether these variables explain differences in waterbird assemblages between protected and non‐protected areas. Both species richness and abundance of waterbirds per point count increased with the diversity of land cover categories at count spots. Species richness also increased with the surface of open water. The larger surface of open water in the non‐protected area contributed to explaining the higher species richness and abundance of waterbirds, including species with hunting pressure, in this area. During floods, the protected area maintained a high abundance of waterbirds, probably because the higher proportion of trees and aquatic vegetation in this area provided perches and foraging sites. We recommend enlarging protected areas in the Pre‐Delta region because of their role of sheltering waterbirds during floods. Protected and non‐protected areas serve complementary functions in providing habitat for waterbirds; therefore, it is important to maintain both of these management types in the landscape.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Design, synthesis, and antitumor activity evaluation of pretubulysin analogs
Authors: Xu Xiangrong , Fan Meixia , Qi Junhui , Yao Lei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPretubulysin, a biosynthetic precursor of the tubulysins, shows potent biological activity in a variety of tumor cell lines. Although there are several total synthesis routes to tubulysin and pretubulysin reported, the commercialization still has been hampered due to the complexity of the structure. To find structurally simpler pretubulysin analogs, a series of 2‐(3‐(methylamino)propyl)thiazole‐4‐carboxamides are designed and synthesized, and their anticancer activities are screened using MCF‐7 (breast cancer), and NCI‐H157 (lung cancer) cell lines. Taxol (IC50 = 0.01 µM) and pretubulysin are used as the control. Compounds 8c (IC50 = 0.05 µM, MCF‐7; 0.09 µM, NCI‐H157) and 8h (IC50 = 0.01 µM, MCF‐7; 0.02 µM, NCI‐H157) exhibited certain antitumor activities comparable to those of Taxol. The urea analogs of pretubulysin might represent a promising scaffold for the further development of novel antitumor drugs.
Recurrent pericarditis associated with human coronavirus (HKU1) infection in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Authors: Furqan Muhammad M. , Lak Hassan M. , Mahalwar Gauranga , Abou‐Hassan Ossama , Verma Beni R. , Jellis Christine L. , Klein Allan L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe presence of human coronavirus HKU1 infection associated with pericardial inflammation is not reported. We are reporting a young woman with systemic lupus erythematosus, who was positive for HKU1 during her pericarditis flare. Diagnostic imaging demonstrated pericardial effusion, edema, and late gadolinium enhancement on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiography. She was on multiple anti‐inflammatory medications and achieved remission with anakinra. Her management and a brief literature review is also presented.
Accuracy study of a novel alternate method measuring erythrocyte sedimentation rate for prototype hematology analyzer Celltac α+
Authors: Maki Ryosuke , Tabe Yoko , Yamamoto Takamasa , Takemura Hiroyuki , Sawada Tomohiro , Esaki Tatsuhiro , Higuchi Makoto , Misawa Shigeki , Miyake Kazunori , Miida Takashi , Nagai Yutaka , Ohsaka Akimichi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a nonspecific inflammation indicator. In laboratory testing, automated ESR analyzers may use the reference Westergren method (Reference WG), modified Westergren (Modified WG), or Alternate ESR method (Alternate ESR) based on photometric rheology. A prototype hematology analyzer Celltac α+ (Nihon Kohden Corporation) with built‐in Novel ESR analysis technology (Novel ESR) was developed to improve the accuracy of Alternate ESR. Alternate ESR uses only the aggregation phase information of Reference WG. The Novel ESR adds sedimentation and packing phase information obtained by hematology analyzer measurands. High correlation with WG was ensured by predicting the ESR value using Hematocrit (Hct) and MCV values as correcting parameters.MethodsNovel ESR was compared with Modified WG (MONITOR‐40, Joko Corporation) and Reference WG, according to internationally recognized guidelines: Precision, carryover, limit of quantification, comparability, linearity, accuracy, and fibrinogen sensitivity. Samples from healthy volunteers and clinical patients were used. The correction performance of Novel ESR and Modified WG was compared with Reference WG by regression analysis in three range categories for ESR and measurands affecting ESR correction (Hct, MCV, and MCH).ResultsNovel ESR showed sufficient basic performance and comparability with Modified WG. In the accuracy study comparing with Reference WG, the regression equation was y = 1.026x + 0.5(r = .945,P < .001;n = 271). When evaluating the correction performance, the slopes were within 0.8‐1.2, except for the high part of Hct. All intercepts were within 10 mm.ConclusionThis study validated the correction performance to the initial estimated ESR value by aggregation phase information using information reflecting sedimentation and packing phase obtained from automated hematology analyzer. The Celltac α+ Novel ESR provided results equivalent to Reference WG.