bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICES: STATUS AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS
Authors: Klimenkova A. A. , Geller L. N. , Skripko A. A. , Gravchenko L. A. , Korzhavykh E. A. 
Published: June 2021

The aimof the review is to provide an analysis and generalization of the main directions of research in the sphere of pharmaceutical services, and their characteristics associated with the determination of their main development trends.Materials and methods. For the analysis, the information store on the basis of scientific publications by Russian and foreign scientists, devoted to research in the field of pharmaceutical services (PSs), has been used. The search for publications was carried out in the open and accessible sources of the latest twenty years (the retrospective period of 2001-2021), located in scientific and technical libraries of institutions, as well as in electronic databases: Elibrary, Medline / PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Cyberleninka, Google-academy, J-stage. When forming the information array, the search for publications was carried out according to the following requests: pharmaceutical services (pharmaceutical care services), the provision of pharmaceutical services, the quality of pharmaceutical services. For the conceptualization of the study, 87 scientific publications obtained as a result of information retrieval, have been used.Results.In the course of the study, a logical and structural analysis of the main directions in which research in the field of providing PSs in our country is developing, has been carried out. The main trends in the study of the providing services’ activity in the sphere of drug circulation, are characterized. A comprehensive analysis of the category of "pharmaceutical service" has been carried out. The terminological content of this concept, the groups of features characterizing the economic and social essence of educational institutions have been generalized, and the most characteristic features that make up the structure and content of educational institutions, have been identified. The existing approaches to the development of the nomenclature and types of PSs have been analyzed and the systematization of pharmaceutical works and services using the process approach, have been proposed by the authors.Conclusion.The conducted study indicates the presence of several directions in the development of research in the field of providing PSs, aimed at improving the quality of services for the population in pharmaceutical organizations. However, the most important role in the research is assigned to the study and assessment of the quality of educational institutions, the development of approaches to its optimization. As evidenced by the results of the analysis and generalization, the most successful activity in the provision of services in the field of drug circulation requires the implementation of a process approach and the implementation of Quality Management Systems (QMSs).
DENDRIMERS IN ANTICANCER TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY: ACCOMPLISHMENTS, CHALLENGES AND DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE
Authors: Amjad A. M. 
Published: June 2021

Dendrimers are nanoparticles with unique features including globular 3D shape and nanometer size. The availability of numerous terminal functional groups and modifiable surface engineering permit modification of dendrimer surface with several therapeutic agents, diagnostic moieties and targeting substances.The aim. To enlighten the readers regarding design, development, limitations, challenges and future directions regarding anticancer bio-dendrimers.Materials and methods. The data base was represented by such systems as Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed. gov, Google-Academy. A search was carried out for the following keywords and combinations: Polypropylene imine (PPI); Poly-L-lysine (PLL); polyamidoamine (PAMAM); cancer; drug delivery; dendrimers.Results. High encapsulation of drug and effective passive targeting are also among their therapeutic uses. Herein, we have described latest developments in chemotherapeutic delivery of drugs by dendrimers. For the most part, the potential and efficacy of dendrimers are anticipated to have considerable progressive effect on drug targeting and delivery.Conclusion. The newest discoveries have shown that the dendritic nanocarriers have many unique features that endorse more research and development.
Admissibility of a medical staff strike from the employees’, employers’ and social interest perspective
Authors: Tlatlik Justyna 
Published: June 2021

The aim of the article is to assess the admissibility of a medical staff strike from the perspective of the employees’, employers’, and social interest. The applicable labor law regulations do not give an unambiguous answer to the question whether medical workers have the right to strike, since striking is a special instrumentality for employees to protect their rights. On the one hand, the labor law does not literally deprive medical staff of the right to strike. On the other hand, there are numerous arguments supporting the notion that a strike of medical staff causes a threat to the health and life of patients who are deprived of medical care during a strike. Regulating the issue is therefore of significant importance, not only social, but also to the employment relationship parties.
Implementation of the freedom of establishment in relation to the notary profession, with particular emphasis on mutual recognition of professional qualifications
Authors: Pawiłowicz Karolina 
Published: June 2021

The possibility of applying the freedom of establishment to notaries is a complex legal issue due to the characteristics of this profession, mainly considering the connection of EU notaries with the operation of the state apparatus as established in individual member states. Additionally, as it seems, it is an ambiguously regulated area in the field of mutual recognition of professional qualifications. The research problem discussed in this article is a consideration whether, firstly, despite the legal nature of their profession (which, moreover, is not uniform for all member states), notaries as a professional group may exercise the freedom of establishment and, secondly, if in consequence they may be subject to mutual recognition of professional qualifications, and if so — on what legal basis.
Liquidated damages for failure to pay or delayed payment of remuneration to subcontractors — comments on the background of the resolution of the Supreme Court of 30 June 2020, III CZP 67/19
Authors: Herl Cyprian 
Published: June 2021

The subject of this work is the issue of the admissibility of stipulating liquidated damages for failure to pay or delayed payment of remuneration to subcontractors in the light of article 483 par. 1 of the Civil Code, which allows stipulating contractual penalties only in non-pecuniary obligations. The basis for the considerations is the content of the resolution of the Supreme Court of June 30th, 2020 (III CZP 67/19), which took a firm position in the ongoing legal discourse. This publication is a comparison on the basis of the previous jurisprudence and the doctrine of the relationship between liquidated damages defined in article 483 par. 1 of the Civil Code, and liquidated damages provided for in the Act of 29th January 2004 — Public Procurement Law.
Legal status of a renewables self-consumer under Polish law in light of Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources
Authors: Kupiec Bartłomiej 
Published: June 2021

The rapid spread of RES technologies, due to regulatory pressure and a dramatic decrease in their construction and operation costs, makes it possible for citizens to become active participants in the energy market. European Union’s legislation demands that citizens should be empowered to actively participate in the energy market by responding to market signals and in return benefit from lower electricity prices or other incentives. The aim of the article is to present and evaluate the concept of the renewables self-consumer regulated in the Polish Renewable Energy Sources Act in the light of the content of Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11th December 2018 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources.
Dual listing as a factor of European capital markets integration — introductory issues
Authors: Rucińska Majka 
Published: June 2021

This paper provides an introduction to the problems relating to dual listings (also referred to as cross-listings, parallel listings, double listings), i.e. simultaneous listings of a company’s shares on at least two stock exchanges, subject rarely discussed in doctrine. The paper analyses dual listing as a factor of the integration of the European capital markets and touches upon terminological issues of key importance for the subject.
Javier de LUCAS, Nosotros, que quisimos tanto a Atticus Finch. De las raíces del supremacismo al Black Lives Matter
Authors: García Cívico Jesús 
Published: June 2021

Este artículo reseña: Javier de LUCAS, Nosotros, que quisimos tanto a Atticus Finch. De las raíces del supremacismo al Black Lives Matter, Tirant lo Blanch, 2020, 218 pp.
INDONESIAN CAPITAL MARKET REACTION TO COVID-19 AS A GLOBAL PANDEMIC
Authors: Kamala Novi Syaifatun , Fajar Muhammad Andryzal 
Published: June 2021

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence of the absence of an average abnormal return, average volume trading activity, and bid-ask spread of stocks in the period around the event of the COVID-19 announcement as a global pandemic. The statement of the COVID-19 as the global pandemic of the World Health Organization (WHO) made the Indonesian capital market touch the lowest point at the level of 4,929.56.
This study used the event study with the windows period for 11 days, which was five days before the announcement, the day of the announcement, and five days after the announcement. This type of research was a quantitative research using secondary data of the stock daily data obtained from the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange at www.idx.co.id and also some other sites that support such as Yahoo Finance. Sampling techniques used were purposive sampling and as many as 44 companies that meet data completeness criteria. The data analysis technique used was a non-parametric t-test using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test.
The results of this study show that there is a difference in Average Abnormal Return in the period t-5 & t+5, t-4 & t+4, t-2 & t+2, and t-1 & t+1. The Average Trading Volume Activity indicates there is no significant difference in all periods of observation between before and after the announcement. Meanwhile, the Bid-Ask Spread shows a significant difference before and after the announcement in all periods for 11 days of observation.
Elbow Overuse Injuries in Pediatric Female Gymnastic Athletes
Authors: Wilson Philip L. , Wyatt Charles W. , Searls William C. , Carpenter Connor M. , Zynda Aaron J. , Vite Lorenzo , Ellis Henry B. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Radial head stress fractures (RHSFs) and capitellar osteochondritis dissecans (COCD) are rare but may be seen in gymnasts. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic characteristics and the outcomes of RHSF and COCD in pediatric and adolescent gymnastic athletes.

Methods:
Classical gymnasts and competitive tumblers ≤18 years of age presenting with RHSF or COCD over a 5-year period were reviewed. Radiographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and patient-reported outcomes were compared.

Results:
Fifty-eight elbows (39 with COCD and 19 with RHSF) were studied; the mean patient age was 11.6 years. Gymnastic athletes with RHSF competed at a higher level; of the athletes who competed at level ≥7, the rate was 95% of elbows in the RHSF group and 67% of elbows in the COCD group. The RHSF group presented more acutely with more valgus stress pain than those with COCD (p < 0.01) and demonstrated increased mean valgus angulation (and standard deviation) of the radial neck-shaft angle (13° ± 3.8° for the RHSF group and 9.3° ± 2.8° for the COCD group; p < 0.01) and decreased mean proximal radial epiphyseal height (3.7 ± 0.6 mm for the RHSF group and 4.2 ± 1.5 mm for the COCD group; p < 0.01). At a minimum of 2 years (range, 2.0 to 6.3 years), the RHSF group reported fewer symptoms; the QuickDASH (abbreviated version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire) score was 1.75 ± 3.84 points for the RHSF group and 7.45 ± 7.54 points for the COCD group (p < 0.01). Those at a high level (≥7) were more likely to return to gymnastics independent of pathology, with the RHSF group reporting higher final activity levels with the mean Hospital for Special Surgery Pediatric Functional Activity Brief Scale (HSS Pedi-FABS) score at 26.0 ± 7.5 points compared with the COCD group at 23.6 ± 5.7 points (p < 0.05). Of the 9 patients with bilateral COCD, only 3 (33%) returned to gymnastics.

Conclusions:
RHSF with features similar to the more familiar COCD lesion may present in gymnastic athletes. Those with RHSF may present more acutely with a high competitive level and may have a better prognosis for return to competitive gymnastics than those with COCD.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Is Immobilization Necessary for Early Return to Work Following Distal Biceps Repair Using a Cortical Button Technique?
Authors: Bergman Joseph W. , Silveira Anelise , Chan Robert , Lapner Michael , Hildebrand Kevin A. , Le Ian L.D. , Sheps David M. , Beaupre Lauren A. , Lalani Aleem 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Improvements in surgical fixation to repair distal biceps tendon ruptures have not fully translated to earlier postoperative mobilization; it is unknown whether earlier mobilization affords earlier functional return to work. This parallel-arm randomized controlled trial compared the impact of early mobilization versus 6 weeks of postoperative immobilization following distal biceps tendon repair.

Methods:
One hundred and one male participants with a distal biceps tendon rupture that was amenable to a primary repair with use of a cortical button were randomized to early mobilization (self-weaning from sling and performance of active range of motion as tolerated during first 6 weeks) (n = 49) or 6 weeks of immobilization (splinting for 6 weeks with no active range of motion) (n = 52). Follow-up assessments were performed by a blinded assessor at 2 and 6 weeks and at 3, 6, and 12 months. At 12 months, distal biceps tendon integrity was verified with ultrasound. The primary outcome was return to work. Secondary outcomes were pain, range of motion, strength, shortened Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (QuickDASH) score, and tendon integrity. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed. A linear mixed model for repeated measures was used to compare pain, range of motion, strength, and QuickDASH between the groups over time; return to work was assessed with use of independent t tests.

Results:
The groups were similar preoperatively (p ≥ 0.16). The average age (and standard deviation) was 44.7 ± 8.6 years. Eighty-three participants (82%) were followed to 12 months. There were no differences between the groups in terms of return to work (p ≥ 0.83). Participants in the early mobilization group had significantly more passive forearm supination (p = 0.04), with passive forearm pronation (p = 0.06) and active extension and supination (p = 0.09) trending toward significantly greater range of motion in the early mobilization group relative to the immobilization group. Participants in the early mobilization group had significantly better QuickDASH scores over time than those in the immobilization group (p = 0.02). There were no differences between the groups in terms of pain (p ≥ 0.45), active range of motion (p ≥ 0.09), or strength (p ≥ 0.70). Two participants (2.0%, 1 in each group) had full-thickness tears on ultrasound at 12 months (p = 0.61). Compliance was not significantly different between the groups (p = 0.16).

Conclusions:
Early motion after distal biceps tendon repair with cortical button fixation is well tolerated and does not appear to be associated with adverse outcomes. No clinically important group differences were seen.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Correlation Between Patient-Reported Outcome Measures and Health Insurance Provider Types in Patients with Hip Osteoarthritis
Authors: Greene Brady D. , Lange Jeffrey K. , Heng Marilyn , Melnic Christopher M. , Smith Jeremy T. 
Published: June 2021

Background:Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are frequently utilized to assess patient perceptions of health and function. Numerous factors influence self-reported physical and mental health outcome scores. The purpose of this study was to examine if an association exists between insurance payer type and baseline PROM scores in patients diagnosed with hip osteoarthritis.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the baseline PROM scores of 5,974 patients diagnosed with hip osteoarthritis according to the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) code within our institutional database from 2015 to 2020. We examined Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-Physical Function Short-form (HOOS-PS), Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Physical Function Short Form 10a (PF10a), PROMIS Global-Mental, and PROMIS Global-Physical scores. Descriptive analyses, analysis of variance (ANOVA), analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and post hoc analyses were utilized to assess variations in PROM scores across insurance type.Results:The mean age (and standard deviation) of the study population was 63.5 ± 12.2 years, and 55.7% of patients were female. The Medicaid cohort had a comparatively higher percentage of Black, Hispanic, and non-English-speaking patients and a lower median household income. The Charlson Comorbidity Index was highest in the Medicare and Medicaid insurance cohorts. Patients utilizing commercial insurance consistently demonstrated the highest baseline PROMs, and patients utilizing Medicaid consistently demonstrated the lowest baseline PROMs. Subsequent analyses found significantly poorer mean scores for the Medicaid cohort for all 4 PROMs when compared with the commercial insurance and Medicare cohorts. These score differences exceeded the minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs). For the PROMIS Global-Mental subscore, a significantly lower mean score was observed for the Workers’ Compensation and motor vehicle insurance cohort when compared with the commercial insurance and Medicare cohort. This difference also exceeded the MCID.Conclusions:PROM scores in patients with hip osteoarthritis varied among those with different insurance types. Variations in certain demographic and health indices are potential drivers of these observed baseline PROM differences. For patients with hip osteoarthritis, the use of PROMs for research, clinical, or quality-linked payment metrics should acknowledge baseline variation between patients with different insurance types.Level of Evidence:PrognosticLevel IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Utility of 3-Dimensional Intraoperative Imaging in Pelvic and Acetabular Fractures
Authors: Pisquiy John J. , Toraih Eman A. , Hussein Mohammad H. , Khalifa Rami , Shoulah Saad A. , Abdelgawad Amr , Thabet Ahmed M. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Successful surgical management of pelvic ring and acetabular fractures requires technical expertise to achieve an accurate reduction and stable fixation. The use of 3-dimensional (3D) intraoperative imaging (3DIOI) as an assessment tool has led to improved reduction and placement of implants. The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of using 3DIOI in the management of acetabular and pelvic fractures on the basis of outcomes reported in the literature.

Methods:
A literature search was performed using PubMed, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), and Google Scholar using key terms. A network meta-analysis conducted using the frequentist approach allowed for statistical analysis of reported outcomes regarding screw position (in mm), fracture reduction (in mm), and complications.

Results:
A total of 9 studies were included in this analysis. When compared with conventional radiography, the mean radiation dose (in cGy·cm
2
) was significantly higher in 3DIOI (mean difference, 82.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 21.83 to 143.61; p = 0.007). Use of 3DIOI yielded a 93% lower risk of developing medical complications (odds ratio [OR], 0.07; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.35; p = 0.014). Use of 3DIOI yielded higher odds of achieving accurate screw placement (OR, 4.21; 95% CI, 1.44 to 12.32; p = 0.008) and perfect reduction (OR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.19 to 5.68; p = 0.016). In ranking the imaging modalities, 12 of the 13 parameters analyzed were in favor of 3DIOI over conventional fluoroscopy and 2D navigation imaging.

Conclusions:
Current literature supports the use of 3DIOI because of the decreased rates of misplaced implants, malreduced fractures, complications, and subsequent revision operations. The use of 3DIOI allows for improved visualization of pelvic anatomy when repairing pelvic and acetabular fractures, and helps surgeons to achieve favorable surgical outcomes.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Age- and weight group-specific weight gain patterns in children and adolescents during the 15 years before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Authors: Vogel Mandy , Geserick Mandy , Gausche Ruth , Beger Christoph , Poulain Tanja , Meigen Christof , Körner Antje , Jurkutat Anne , Keller Eberhard , Pfäffle Roland 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background/Objectives: There is concern that measures aiming to limit a further spread of COVID-19, e.g., school closures and social distancing, cause an aggravation of the childhood obesity epidemic. Therefore, we aimed to compare BMI trends during the 15 years before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Subjects/Methods: To assess the change in weight dynamics during the first months of COVID-19, we compared the trends of BMI change (ΔBMI-SDS) and of the proportions of children gaining or losing weight between 2005 and 2019 and the respective changes from 2019 (pre-pandemic) to 2020 (after the onset of anti-pandemic measures) in more than 150 000 children.Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic, we found a substantial weight gain across all weight and age groups, reflected by an increase in mean BMI-SDS (β = 0.05, 95% CI 0.036 to 0.055; p < 0.001), an increase in the proportion of children gaining weight (OR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.28 to 1.46; p < 0.001), and a decrease in the proportion of children losing weight (OR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.77; p < 0.001). Besides, we found the same trends since 2005 on a low but stable level with a mean ΔBMI-SDS increase of β = 0.007 (95% CI 0.006 to 0.009; p < 0.001) every five years, the odds of gaining weight increased by OR = 1.05 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.06; p < 0.001) per five years, and the odds of losing weight decreased by OR = 0.95 (95% CI 0.94 to 0.96; p < 0.001) per five years. Alarmingly, both the long-term and the short-term effects were most pronounced in the obese subgroup.Conclusions: There are positive dynamics in different measures of weight change, indicating a positive trend in weight gain patterns, especially within the group of obese children. These dynamics are likely to be escalated by the COVID-19-related measures and may lead to a significant further aggravation of the childhood obesity pandemic.