bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations of Amygdala Volume and Functional Connectivity in Patients with Migraine Comorbid Depression
Authors: Chen Xin , Gui Wei , Zu Mei Dan , Zhang Juan , Li Han Li , Deng Zi Ru , Wang Long , Qiu Ben Sheng , Yang Jin Ying , Wang Yu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective: The comorbidity of migraine and depressive has been recognized, but the pathophysiology remains unknown. Here, we aimed to explore the structural change of amygdala(AMY) and abnormal function in the centromedial amygdala (CMA) among migraineurs with depression. Methods: High-resolution T1-weighted and functional magnetic resonance images were acquired from subjects of 22 migraine comorbid with depression(EMwD ), 22 episodic migraine (EM), 20 major depressive disorder (MDD), respectively, and 18 healthy controls(HC). Apply voxel-based morphometry (VBM ) and resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) to examing inter-group differences in brain structure and function. Results: The volume of bilateral AMY increased in EMwD and EM compared to HC. EMwD showed larger volume than MDD. And the volume of AMY showed positive correlation with duration of illness in patient groups. Compared with EM, EMwD exhibited decreased rsFC between the right CMA and left cerebellum, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) , left precuneus(PCC). In addition, rsFC between the left CMA and left DLPFC was negatively correlated with Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). Conclusions: According to our findings, the larger volume of amygdala and the abnormal functional connectivity may help to determining the common symptoms in migraine with depression, and may be a treatment target for migraine and depression comorbidities.
Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in Children with Trisomy 21
Authors: Bloom Jessica L. , Frank Benjamin , Weinman Jason P. , Galambos Csaba , O’Leary Sean T. , Liptzin Deborah R. , Fuhlbrigge Robert C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Respiratory conditions are the leading cause of hospitalization and death in children with Trisomy 21 (T21). Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) occurs at higher frequency in children with T21; yet, it is not widely studied nor is there a standardized approach to diagnosis or management. The objective of this study was to identify children with T21 and DAH in order to understand contributing factors and identify opportunities to improve outcomes. We identified 5 children with T21 at a single institution with histology-proven DAH over 10 years and discuss their presentation, evaluation, management, and outcomes. We also reviewed the cases in the literature. Case Presentation: Patient 1 died at age seven due to secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. DAH was seen on autopsy. Patient 2 was a three-year-old with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis diagnosed with DAH after presenting for hypoxia. Patient 3 was diagnosed with DAH at age nine after presenting with recurrent suspected pneumonia and aspiration. Patient 4 was diagnosed with DAH at age eight after presenting with pallor and fatigue. She had additional ICU admissions for DAH with infections. Patient 5 developed hemoptysis at age three and had recurrent DAH for ten years. Four patients responded positively to immune-modulation such as intravenous immunoglobulin, glucocorticoids, and rituximab. Of the 19 patients identified in the literature, only one was from the United States. The majority had anemia, respiratory distress, autoantibodies, and recurrences. A minority had hemoptysis. Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis was the most common diagnosis. Almost all received glucocorticoids with or without additional immunosuppression. The majority of our patients and those in the literature had positive auto-antibodies such as anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and anti-nuclear antigen antibodies. Diagnostic clues included respiratory distress, hypoxia, anemia, recurrent pneumonia, and/or ground glass opacities on imaging. We identified four contributors to DAH: structural lung abnormalities, pulmonary arterial hypertension, infection/aspiration, and autoimmune disease/immune dysregulation.Conclusion: These cases demonstrate the need for an increased index of suspicion for DAH in children with T21, enrich the understanding of risk factors, and highlight the favorable response to immunosuppressive therapies in this vulnerable population.
Artificial Intelligence Is a Promising Prospect for the Detection of Prostate Cancer Extracapsular Extension With Mp-mri: A Two-center Comparative Study
Authors: Hou Ying , Zhang Yi-Hong , Bao Jie , Bao Mei-Ling , Yang Guang , Shi Hai-Bin , Song Yang , zhang yudong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose: A balance between preserving urinary continence and achievement of negative margins is of clinical relevance while implementary difficulty. Preoperatively accurate detection of prostate cancer (PCa) extracapsular extension (ECE) is thus crucial for determining appropriate treatment options. We aimed to develop and clinically validate an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted tool for the detection of ECE in patients with PCa using multiparametric MRI. Methods: 849 patients with localized PCa underwent multiparametric MRI before radical prostatectomy were retrospectively included from two medical centers. The AI tool was built on a ResNeXt network embedded with a spatial attention map of experts’ prior knowledges (PAGNet) from 596 training data sets. The tool was validated in 150 internal and 103 external data sets, respectively; and its clinical applicability was compared with expert-based interpretation and AI-expert interaction.Results: An index PAGNet model using a single-slice image yielded the highest areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.857 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.827-0.884), 0.807 (95% CI, 0.735-0.867) and 0.728 (95% CI, 0.631-0.811) in the training, internal test and external test cohorts, compared to the conventional ResNeXt networks. For experts, the inter-reader agreement was observed in only 437/849 (51.5%) patients with a Kappa value 0.343. And the performance of two experts (AUC, 0.632 to 0.741 vs 0.715 to 0.857) was lower (paired comparison, all p values < 0.05) than that of AI assessment. When expert’ interpretations were adjusted by the AI assessments, the performance of both two experts was improved.Conclusion: Our AI tool, showing improved accuracy, offers a promising alternative to human experts for imaging staging of PCa ECE using multiparametric MRI.
Development and Validation of a Cbct-Based Artificial Intelligence System for Accurate Diagnoses of Dental Diseases
Authors: Ezhov Matvey , Gusarev Maxim , Golitsyna Maria , Yates Julian , Kushnerev Evgeny , Tamimi Dania , Aksoy Secil , Shumilov Eugene , Sanders Alex , Orhan Kaan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in dental practice is becoming increasingly popular. However, the correct teeth identification, positioning and diagnosis based on CBCT can be tedious and challenging for the untrained eye. This is due to additional training, specific knowledge and time required for analysis and diagnosis. When compared to conventional dental imaging methods. In this study, we introduce a novel artificial intelligence (AI) system that facilitates analysis and diagnosis. This system is based on deep learning approaches that can localize teeth and define pathologies within three-dimensional CBCT scans. The study showed that the diagnostic performance of AI system image interpretation reaches and sometimes exceeds in comparison to clinician’s expertise. In this randomized cross-over trial we demonstrated a significant improvement of aided diagnostic accuracy for various dental diseases in comparison to a group of radiologists that made unaided decisions. AI can be used for both stand-alone CBCT interpretation and as a decision support system to improve quality of diagnostics and time efficiency.
PDCD4-MAPKs-NF-κB positive loop&nbsp;simultaneously&nbsp;promotes&nbsp;microglia activation and neuron apoptosis&nbsp;during&nbsp;neuroinflammation
Authors: Chen Quan , Lu Hongjian , Duan Chengwei , Zhu Xiangyang , Zhang Yi , LI Mengmeng , Zhang Dongmei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Neuroinflammation and neuron injury are common features of the central nervous system (CNS) diseases. It will be of great significance to identify their shared regulatory mechanisms and explore the potential therapeutic targets. Programmed cell death factor 4 (PDCD4), an apoptosis-related molecule, extensively participates in tumorigenesis and inflammatory diseases, but its expression and biological function during CNS neuroinflammation remain unclear. In the present study, utilizing the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation model on mice, we first reported an elevated expression of PDCD4 in both injured neurons and activated microglia of the inflamed mice brain. A similar change of PDCD4 expression was observed in the in vitro microglial activation model. Silencing PDCD4 by shRNA significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of MAPKs (p38, ERK, and JNK), prevented the phosphorylation and nuclear transportation of NF-κB p65, and thus attenuated the LPS-induced microglial inflammatory activation. Interestingly, LPS also required the MAPKs/NF-κB signaling activation to boost PDCD4 expression in microglia, and thus form a positive loop. Moreover, a persistent elevation of PDCD4 expression was detected in the H2O2-induced neuronal oxidative damage model. Knocking down PDCD4 significantly inhibited the expression of pro-apoptotic protein BAX, suggesting the pro-apoptotic activity of PDCD4 in the neuron. Taken together, our data indicated that PDCD4 may serve as a hub regulatory molecule that simultaneously promotes both the microglial inflammatory activation and the oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis within CNS. The microglial PDCD4/MAPKs/NF-κB positive feedback loop may exaggerate the vicious cycle of neuroinflammation and neuronal injury, and thus may become potential therapeutic targets for neuroinflammatory diseases.
Effect of Activated Platelet-Rich Plasma on Chondrogenic Differentiation of Rabbit Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Wang Zhen , Wang Zheng , Zhang Bin , Zhao Qinghua , Liu Yubao , Qi Wei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has revealed benefits in tissue repair and regeneration, however, the effect of PRP on proliferation and chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells remains controversial.This study is to evaluate the effect of different concentration PRP on proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs).
Methods

PRP was obtained by centrifugation and activation, in which growth factors and cytokines were detected. BMSCs were isolated from rabbit bone marrow and characterized by flow cytometry. About 5 × 103 BMSCs were cultured in high glucose Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (HG-DMEM) with 4 different compositions: 10% fetal bovine serum, 5%PRP, 10%PRP, and 15%PRP for consecutive 7 days. Cell counting assays were performed on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 to evaluate the BMSCs proliferation. In chondrogenic differentiation, high-density cell pellets composed of 5 × 105 BMSCs were induced in 4 conditions: commercial chondrogenic medium (control), 5%PRP (HG-DMEM + 5%PRP), 10%PRP (HG-DMEM + 10%PRP), and 15%PRP (HG-DMEM + 15%PRP) for 21 days. The gene expression levels of aggrecan (ACAN), collagen type Ⅱ Alpha 1 (COL2A1), and SRY-Box Transcription Factor 9 (SOX9) in pellets were detected. Histological assessments were performed by morphologically observation and pathological stain. Independent-samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used in statistical analyses.
Results

The concentrations of growth factors and cytokines were elevated in PRP. BMSCs proliferation was enhanced in all groups, and 10% PRP revealed more obvious outcome than the others from day 5. In chondrogenic differentiation, the levels of ACAN, COL2A1, and SOX9 were lower in 3 PRP groups than control, but ACAN and SOX9 was higher in 10% PRP group than 5% and 15%. Histological examinations showed 10% PRP-treated pellets showed more regular appearance, larger size, and abundant extracellular matrix than 5% and 10% groups, but still inferior to commercial chondrogenic medium.
Conclusions

PRP may enhance the proliferation of rabbit BMSCs, while with limited effect on chondrogenic differentiation compared with commercial chondrogenic medium in pellets culture. Whether optimizing and modifying PRP components would lead to satisfying chondrogenesis of BMSCs, it is deserved furthermore study.
Medication Errors on a Surgery Service: Addressing the Gap with a Medication Prescribing Curriculum for Surgery Residents
Authors: Ring Justine , Maracle Jesse , Zhang Shannon , Methot Michelle , Zevin Boris 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Medication prescribing errors are a source of morbidity and mortality on surgical wards, however educational interventions with proven effectiveness to reduce these errors are lacking. Our objective was to design, implement, and assess the effectiveness of a curriculum designed to reduce medication prescribing errors on a surgery service at an academic hospital without electronic order entry.
Methods

This was a prospective observational cohort study at a Canadian academic hospital. A medication prescribing curriculum for surgery residents was developed and implemented in July 2019. All general surgery residents (n = 16) at our institution were eligible; 13 (81%) participated. Medication prescribing errors were tracked pre-curriculum implementation (July 1, 2018-June 30, 2019) and post-curriculum (July 1-December 31, 2019). Medication prescribing errors were classified as prescription-writing (PW) or decision-making (DM).
Results

There were 87.5 (14.6) total medication prescribing errors per month in the pre-implementation period with 51.3 (11.9) PW and 36.3 (6.0) DM errors. Post-implementation, there were 78.7 (10.3) total errors monthly with 43.3 (9.5) PW and 35.3 (4.2) DM errors. There were significantly fewer total errors monthly in the first quarter (July–September) of the academic year post-curriculum implementation versus pre-implementation (77.7(12.7) vs. 107.3(8.1); p = 0.035) with significantly fewer PW errors monthly (40.7(13.2) vs. 68.7(9.3); p = 0.046) and no difference in DM errors monthly (37.0(2.0) vs. 38.7(5.7); p = 0.671).
Conclusions

Medication prescribing errors on a surgical service occurred both from prescription-writing and decision-making. Educational interventions, such as our medication prescribing curriculum, can decrease errors related to prescription writing, however the effect appears diminish over time.
TG/HDL-C Ratio Independent of Obesity Associates With Airflow Obstruction in Asthmatic Children&nbsp;
Authors: Chanachon Pakvirin Nanakorn , Jotikasthira Wanlapa , Kiewngam Potjanee , Sawatchai Adithep , Kanchongkittiphon Watcharoot , Manuyakorn Wiparat 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
There is conflicting evidence on the association between dyslipidemia and asthma. This study was to evaluate the correlation between dyslipidemia and pulmonary function parameters in asthmatic children.Asthmatic children (aged 5–18 years old) were measured for fasting serum lipid profiles, including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and C-Reactive protein (CRP). A pulmonary function test was assessed by spirometry.One hundred-fifty asthmatic children were enrolled with the mean (sd) age 11.82 (3.38) years. Ninety-four children (62.7%) were males, and 70 children (46.7%) had dyslipidemia. Of 70 children with dyslipidemia, 15 children (21.4%) were obese. LDL-C was the most common dyslipidemia (62.85%), followed by TC (55.71%), non-HDL-C (50%), TG (34.28%), and HDL-C (17.14%). The significant correlations between % FEV1/FVC ratio and the level of serum HDL-C and TC and TG/HDL-C ratio were observed (r=0.215, r=0.831 and r=0.17, p<0.03). There was a significant negative correlation between the level of CRP and HDL-C, and % FEV1/FVC ratio and TG/HDL-C (r =-0.236, p=0.004 and r=-0.170, p=0.038). Children with airflow obstruction (% FEV1/FVC ratio<90) had significantly higher TG, TG/HDL-C ratio, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio but lower HDL-C. After adjusting with other blood lipids, body weight, BMI z-score, and obesity status, multiple logistic regression model demonstrated that only TG/HDL-C ratio was associated with % FEV1/FVC ratio<90, OR 2.78; 95% CI 1.5-5.15, p =0.001.Conclusion: The prevalence of dyslipidemia in children with asthma is high. TG/HDL-C ratio is associated with airflow obstruction in asthmatic children.Clinical Trial Registration: TCTR20200305005 date of registration 2020-03-04 retrospectively registered
Effects of Ambient Temperature and Fall Related Injuries in Ma'anshan, Anhui Province, China: A Distributed Lag Non-linear Analysis
Authors: Liang Mingming , Ding Xiuxiu , Yao Zhenhai , Duan Leilei , Xing Xiuya , Sun Yehuan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Despite the significant economic cost of falls and injuries to individuals and communities, little is known about the impact of meteorological factors on the incidence of fall-related injuries (FRIs). Therefore, a time-series study was conducted to explore the effects of meteorological factors on FRIs in Ma'anshan City, East China. Injury data from 2011 to 2017 were collected from the National Injury Monitoring Station in Ma'anshan City. Meteorological data were obtained from the National Meteorological Information Center. A distributed lag nonlinear model was used in this study to evaluate the correlation between ambient temperature and fall injuries. The results showed a significant exposure-response relationship between temperature and FRIs in Ma'anshan City. There was an asymmetric U-shaped relationship between ambient temperature and injuries, if the lowest risk temperature (4°C) was used as the reference temperature. The high temperatures increases the risk of FRIs (RR = 1.110, 95%CI:1.005–1.225). Sensitivity to ambient temperature varied by different ages and genders, and the ≥ 60 years subgroup seemed to be more sensitive in low temperature (RR = 1.071, 95༅CI:1.024–1.120). The cumulative result is similar to the single-day effect. This study would help the establishment of fall-related injury prediction and provide evidence for the formulation and implementation of preventive strategies and measures in the future.
Risk Factors Analysis of Pulmonary Cement Embolism during Percutaneous Vertebroplasty or Kyphoplasty for Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture.
Authors: Zou Dexin , Dong Shengjie , Du Wei , Sun Bing , Wu Xifa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this research is to evaluate the risk factors and incidence of PCE during PKP or PVP for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) based on postoperative computed tomography (CT).Methods: A total of 2344 patients who underwent PVP or PKP due to OVCF in our spine centre were analyzed retrospectively. According to the detection of postoperative pulmonary CT, the patients were divided into two groups: pulmonary cement embolism group (PCE group) and non pulmonary cement embolism group (NPCE group). Demographic data in both groups were compared using the χ2 test for qualitative data and the unpaired t test for quantitative data. Multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify risk factors that were significantly related to the PCE resulting from cement leakage.Results: PCE was found in 34 patients (1.9% 34/1782) with pulmonary CT examination after operation. There was no statistically significant difference in the parameters such as age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and cement volume in the two groups. Patients with three or more involved vertebrae had a significantly increased risk to suffer from PCE than those with one involved vertebra (p=0.046 OR 2.412 [95% CI 1.017-5.722]). Patients who suffered thoracic fracture had a significantly increased risk to suffer from PCE than those suffered thoracolumbar fracture (p=0.001 OR 0.241 [95% CI 0.105-0.550]). And significantly increased PCE risk also was observed in thoracic fracture compared with Lumbar fracture patients (p=0.028 OR 0.094 [95% CI 0.114-0.779]). The risk of PCE within two weeks after fracture was significantly higher than that after two weeks of fracture (p=0.000 OR 0.178 [95% CI 0.074-0.429]). Patients who underwent PVP surgery had a significantly increased PCE risk than those underwent PKP surgery (p=0.001 OR 0.187 [95% CI 0.069-0.509])Conclusion: The real incidence of PCE is underestimated due to the lack of routine postoperative pulmonary imaging examination. The number of Involved vertebrae, fracture location, operation timing and operation methods are independent risk factors for PCE.
Examining the Etiology of Early-Onset Breast Cancer in the Canadian Partnership for Tomorrow’s Health (CanPath)
Authors: Pader Joy , Basmadjian Robert B. , O’Sullivan Dylan E. , Mealey Nicole E. , Ruan Yibing , Friedenreich Christine , Murphy Rachel , Wang Edwin , Quan May Lynn , Brenner Darren R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Breast cancer incidence among younger women (under age 50) has increased over the past 25 years, yet little is known about the etiology among this age group. The objective of this study was to investigate relationships between modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors and early-onset breast cancer among three prospective Canadian cohorts.Methods: A matched case-control study was conducted using data from Alberta’s Tomorrow Project, BC Generations Project, and the Ontario Health Study. Participants diagnosed with breast cancer before age 50 were identified through provincial registries and matched to three control participants of similar age and follow-up. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine the association between factors and risk of early-onset breast cancer. Results: In total, 609 cases and 1,827 controls were included. A body mass index ≥30kg/m2 was associated with a lower risk of early-onset breast cancer (OR=0.65; 95% CI: 0.47-0.90), while a waist circumference ≥88 cm was associated with an increased risk (OR=1.40; 95% CI: 1.06-1.84). A reduced risk was found for women with ≥2 pregnancies (OR=0.80; 95% CI: 0.64-1.00) and a first-degree family history of breast cancer was associated with an increased risk (OR=2.06; 95% CI: 1.54-2.75).Conclusions: In this study, measures of adiposity, pregnancy history, and familial history of breast cancer are important risk factors for early-onset breast cancer. Evidence was insufficient to conclude if smoking, alcohol intake, fruit and vegetable consumption, and physical activity are meaningful risk factors. The results of this study could inform targeted primary and secondary prevention for early-onset breast cancer.