bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating tumor cell methylation profiles reveal the classification and evolution of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Jiang Jia-Hao , Chen Chang-Yue , Gao Jian , Li Jing , Lu Yuan , Fang Wang , Wang Hai-Kun , Yuan Yun-Feng , Ding Jian-Yong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundsThe ability of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) to identify lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) holds great promise for improving pathological diagnosis and selecting treatment in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In addition, previous studies have shown that DNA methylation exhibits cell and tissue specificity. Thus, we aimed to explore the methylation status of CTCs in LUAD and LUSC and identify the potential biomarkers.Methodswe first analyzed Infinium 450K methylation profiles obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus and further identified the results by performing whole-genome sequencing of CTCs in tumor and matched normal lung tissues and white blood cells from 6 NSCLC patients.Resultsthe bioinformatic analysis revealed that an NSCLC-specific DNA methylation marker panel which could accurately distinguish between LUAD and LUSC with high diagnostic accuracy. The whole-genome sequencing of CTCs in NSCLC patients also showed 100% accuracy for distinguishing between LUAD and LUSC based on CTC methylation profiles. To investigate the function of CTCs, we further analyzed similar and different methylation profiles between CTCs and their primary tumors and found very high similarities between CTCs and their primary tumor tissues, indicating that these cells inherit information from primary tumors. CTCs also showed some characteristics that were different from those of the primary tumor tissues, suggesting that CTCs evolve some unique characteristics after migrating from the primary tumor; these characteristics may be one of the reasons for the ability of tumor cells to evade immune surveillance.Conclusionthus, our study provides insight into the potential use of CTCs in pathological classification of NSCLC patients as well as CTC primary tumor inheritance and CTC evolution influence metastasis and immune escape.
MiR-615 Agomir Encapsulated in Pluronic F-127 Alleviates Neuron Damage and Facilitates Function Recovery after Brachial Plexus Avulsion
Authors: Chen Kangzhen , Ding Lu , Shui Hua , Liang Yinru , Zhang Xiaomin , Wang Tao , Li Linke , Liu Shuxian , Wu Hongfu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Brachial plexus avulsion(BPA)is a devastating traumatic peripheral nerve injury complicated with paralysis of the upper extremity. We previously reported that leucine-rich repeat and immunoglobulin-like domain-containing NOGO receptor-interacting protein 1 (LINGO-1) has a potent role in inhibiting neuron survival and axonal regeneration after central nervous system (CNS) damage and miR-615 is a potential microRNA (miRNA) negatively regulated LINGO-1. However, the effect of miR-615 in BPA remains to be elucidated. Accumulating evidence indicates that pluronic F-127 (PF-127) hydrogel could serve as a promising vehicle for miRNA encapsulation. Thus, to further explore the potential role of hydrogel-miR-615 in BPA-reimplantation, the present study established the BPA rat model and injected miR-615 agomir encapsulated by PF-127 hydrogel into the reimplantation site using a microsyringe. In this study, results indicated that hydrogel-miR-615 agomir effectively alleviated motoneuron loss by LINGO-1 inhibition, promoted musculocutaneous nerve regeneration and myelination, reduced astrocytes activation, promoted angiogenesis and attenuated peripheral amyotrophy, leading to improved motor functional rehabilitation of the upper extremity. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that miR-615-loaded PF-127 hydrogel may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for BPA treatment.
Incidence and Risk Factor of Allergic Contact Dermatitis to 2-Octyl Cyanoacrylate and n-Butyl Cyanoacrylate Topical Skin Adhesives
Authors: Park Young Hwan , Choi Jeong Seok , Choi Jung Woo , Kim Hak Jun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Although the use of topical skin adhesives has increased as an alternative to conventional skin closure methods, studies on the incidence and risk factors of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to topical skin adhesives have been limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors of ACD after the use of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate and n-butyl cyanoacrylate topical skin adhesives. We retrospectively reviewed 1145 patients (739 patients with 2-octyl cyanoacrylate and 406 patients with n-butyl cyanoacrylate) who underwent skin closure with topical skin adhesives. Variables suspected to correlate with ACD were retrieved from medical records and analyzed to determine risk factors. The incidence of ACD from the use of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate and n-butyl cyanoacrylate topical skin adhesives was 2.7% and 2.2%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence between the two ingredients. In logistic regression analysis, none of the variables were found to increase the risk of ACD in both 2-octyl cyanoacrylate and n-butyl cyanoacrylate topical skin adhesives. As ACD occurs without risk factors in 2–3% of patients who used 2-octyl cyanoacrylate or n-butyl cyanoacrylate topical skin adhesives, clinicians and patients should be aware of these facts before using topical skin adhesives.
Design and Development of a Commercial Hair Trimmer Cleaner Unit
Authors: Kumar Ganesh Raj , Khan Adam , Rajesh S , Khan Shahul Hamid 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A product design and development process has been adopted to study and improve the performance of unit cleaner system. A hair trimmer with liquid detergent in cartridge is fixed as a cleaner system to design and analyse. The 3D model of the system is designed with NX CAD software. The modification is cartridge unit is made on counter face to increase the turbulence of the fluid in the wash zone. The file has been extracted and imported in LS Dyna for meshing the model for detergent liquid flow analysis. The velocity vector and pressure magnitude of the fluid flow is analysed through a StarCCM+ higher fluid analysis software. The input process condition of the pump in cartridge assemble unit has a speed 2000 rpm and velocity of the liquid as 1 m/s. From the analysis, the suction pressure noticed at the pump zone is 950 Pa and the discharge of fluid in the pump is 850 – 900 Pa at wash zone. Difference in fluid velocity found decreased and it is in the range of 0.8 to 0.95 m/s. The predominant factor in the design is alternate openings in case baffle has increased the turbulence in pressure and the velocity of the fluid found same.
Global Burden of Sexually Transmitted Infections: 1990 - 2019
Authors: Huang Jiaofeng , Lin Su , Pan Jinshui , Lu Lingling , Liu Bang , Zheng Jiaolong , Wu Haicong , Zeng Zhiyu , Li Dongliang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSexually transmitted infections (STIs) are major public health problems worldwide. Understanding the disease burden are crucial for health policy making. This study was to assess global and regional STIs incidence, mortality and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2019.Methods­­­­Data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019, which is an open database for download. Age-standardized rate and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) were calculated to evaluate the burden of STIs over time.ResultsIn 2019, the total number of incident cases of STIs was 769.85 million worldwide. The age-standardized incidence rate was stable from 1990 to 2019 with the EAPC of −0.04 (95% UI: −0.09 to 0.01). In 2019, the number of deaths caused by STIs was 89.89×103, which was 15.51% lower than that of 1990 (106.52×103). A decreasing trend from 1990 to 2019 was observed in the age-standardized death and DALYs. The age-standardized death and DALYs rate due to STIs were the highest in the younger age (<14 years old). As for different diseases, syphilis was the least common STIs with an age-standardized incidence rate of 178.48/100,000, while syphilis was also the main contributor to the age-standardized death and DALYs rate. These two indicators were negatively associated with sociodemographic level.ConclusionsThe global incidence of STIs has been persistently high from 1990 to 2019, while the age-standardized death and DALYs rate has decreased recently. More attention should be paid to the younger population, patients with syphilis and regions with low sociodemographic index.
Mechanism of Quercetin Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer Disease and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Zu Guoxiu , Sun Keyun , Li Ling , Zu Xiuli , Han Tao , Huang Hailiang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Quercetin has demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic activities, suggesting therapeutic potential against type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, potential molecular targets of quercetin were first identified using the Swiss Target Prediction platform and pathogenic targets of T2DM and AD were identified using Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), DisGeNET, TTD, DrugBank, and GeneCards databases. The 95 targets shared among quercetin, T2DM, and AD were used to establish a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, top 25 core genes, and protein functional modules using MCODE. Metascape was then used for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. A protein functional module with best score was obtained from the PPI network using CytoHubba, and 6 high-probability quercetin targets (AKT1, JUN, MAPK, TNF, VEGFA, and EGFR) were confirmed by docking simulations. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis suggested that the major shared mechanisms for T2DM and AD include “AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications,” “pathways in cancer,” and “MAPK signaling pathway” (the key pathway). We speculate that quercetin may have therapeutic applications in T2DM and AD by targeting MAPK signaling, providing a theoretical foundation for future clinical research.
Principles of design optimization for springs
Authors: V. Kobelev 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The spring is the widespread resilient element which is used in the industrial machinery and automotive systems, as diesel fuel pumps, valvetrains, brakes, suspensions, seats, doors and control elements. For reducing impact events in some heavy trucks and railroad cars primarily, helical, or coil, springs are applied. In some vehicles torsion bars are used instead of the coil springs. The reduction of weight of the suspension springs causes the decrease of unsprung mass of the axle and has a positive influence on the comfort, traction and steering properties of the car. The development of modern passenger cars has highlighted a trend towards reduced package space for suspension components in order to maximize package space for occupants and loads. Such requirements lead to reduction in spring dimensions and wire cross-section. Springs can be found in high-precision testing devices, where springs play the role of energy harvesters. The efficient design procedures for spring elements are based on the modern simulation and optimization methods. The design formulas for linear helical springs with an inconstant wire diameter and with a variable mean diameter of spring are presented. Based on these formulas the optimization of spring for given spring rate and strength of the wire is per-formed.
Chronic toxicity and environmental risk assessment of antivirals in Ceriodaphnia dubia and Raphidocelis subcapitata
Authors: Almeida L. C. , Mattos A. C. , Dinamarco C. P. G. , Figueiredo N. G. , Bila D. M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Antiviral drugs are a class of medications used for treating viral infections. Due to their widespread use, especially in cases of pandemics and limited human metabolism, antivirals have been detected in multiple environmental matrices. This study aims to evaluate the chronic effects of acyclovir, efavirenz, lamivudine and zidovudine using Ceriodaphnia dubia and Raphidocelis subcapitata. The results with R. subcapitata showed the following toxicities: zidovudine (IC50 = 5.442 mg L−1) &lt; acyclovir (IC50 = 3.612 mg L−1) &lt; lamivudine (IC50 = 3.013 mg L−1) &lt; efavirenz (IC50 = 0.034 mg L−1). The results of the chronic bioassay with C. dubia demonstrated that zidovudine is the least toxic (EC50 = 5.671 mg L−1), followed by acyclovir (EC50 = 3.062 mg L−1), lamivudine (EC50 = 1.345 mg L−1) and efavirenz (EC50 = 0.026 mg L−1). Both species have been shown to be sensitive to efavirenz. A risk quotient (RQ) was calculated, and efavirenz had an RQ greater than 1 for both species, and lamivudine had an RQ greater than 1 for C. dubia, representing a high ecological risk for these organisms. Antivirals pose a significant environmental risk to aquatic organisms and should be taken into consideration in future monitoring of water sources.
Effects of selection and compiling strategy of substrates in column-type vertical-flow constructed wetlands on the treatment of synthetic landfill leachate containing bisphenol A
Authors: Shrestha Rajani Ghaju , Inoue Daisuke , Ike Michihiko 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A constructed wetland (CW) is a low-cost, eco-friendly, easy-to-maintain, and widely applicable technology for treating various pollutants in the waste landfill leachate. This study determined the effects of the selection and compiling strategy of substrates used in CWs on the treatment performance of a synthetic leachate containing bisphenol A (BPA) as a representative recalcitrant pollutant. We operated five types of lab-scale vertical-flow CWs using only gravel (CW1), a sandwich of gravel with activated carbon (CW2) or brick crumbs (CW3), and two-stage hybrid CWs using gravel in one column and activated carbon (CW4) or brick crumbs (CW5) in another to treat synthetic leachate containing BPA in a 7-d sequential batch mode for 5 weeks. CWs using activated carbon (CW2 and CW4) effectively removed ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) (99–100%), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (93–100%), and BPA (100%), indicating that the high adsorption capacity of activated carbon was the main mechanism involved in their removal. CW5 also exhibited higher pollutant removal efficiencies (NH4-N: 94–99%, COD: 89–98%, BPA: 89–100%) than single-column CWs (CW1 and CW3) (NH4-N: 76–100%, COD: 84–100%, BPA: 51–100%). This indicates the importance of the compiling strategy along with the selection of an appropriate substrate to improve the pollutant removal capability of CWs.
Parathyroid Hormone-regulation of Runx2 by MiR-290 for Matrix
Metalloproteinase-13 Expression in Rat Osteoblastic Cells
Authors: Akshaya N. , Srinaath N. , Rohini M. , Ilangovan R. , Selvamurugan N. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
The dynamic changes that bone undergoes during the
ensemble of remodeling are administered by vital factors like Runx2 (a bone
transcription factor) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).

Aims:
Parathyroid hormone (PTH), an FDA approved drug for bone-related ailments,
was seen to stimulate MMP-13 expression via Runx2 to ultimately aid in the bone
remodeling process. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to play a major role in
controlling bone metabolism, and the use of miRNAs has recently become promising
therapeutic avenues for the treatment of many diseases, including bone disorders. Thus,
in this study, we attempted to investigate and evaluate the expression of MMP-13 via a
miRNA profile targeting Runx2 under PTH-regulation in rat osteoblastic cells.

Methods:
PTH stimulated the expression of MMP-13 mRNA significantly at 4 h in rat
osteoblastic cells (UMR106-01). Runx2 was required for PTH-stimulation of MMP-13
expression, in silico scrutiny generated 14 unique miRNAs targeting Runx2, and among
these miRNAs, miR-290 was significantly downregulated by PTH-treatment in UMR106-
01 cells and in rat primary osteoblasts.

Results:
Overexpression of miR-290 decreased the expression of Runx2, the binding of
Runx2 at the MMP-13 promoter, and the expression of MMP-13 mRNA in PTH-treated
UMR106-01 cells. A dual luciferase reporter assay identified the direct targeting of
Runx2 mRNA by miR-290 in these cells.

Conclusion:
Our findings indicate that the PTH-responsive miR-290 regulated Runx2-
mediated MMP-13 expression in rat osteoblastic cells, suggesting miR-290 as a
molecular marker or target in bone and bone-related diseases.
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Research of Oil-free Scroll Air
Compressor Based on CFD
Authors: Jian Sun , Bin Peng , Bingguo Zhu 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Compared with other types of compressors, although the scroll compressor has
a simple structure and low noise, due to the limitation of the structure, it has defects such as excessively
high discharge temperature, and has extremely high requirements on the machining accuracy of parts.
The oil-free scroll compressor is a new type of scroll machine, which does not contain oil during the
working process; it can be applied to cases with low displacement requirements and a high-pressure ratio.

Objective:
Taking a scroll compressor with a rated displacement of 0.6 m3/min as the research object,
the analysis and research of the working performance parameters of the scroll compressor in actual
work provide a certain theoretical basis for the improvement and optimization of the test prototype.

Methods:
The thermodynamic model of the scroll compressor in the actual working process is established
by the variable-mass system thermodynamics and the control volume method. Based on the CFD
method, a three-dimensional unsteady-state numerical simulation of the flow characteristics of the
working fluid in the scroll compressor's working chamber is carried out in order to verify the thermodynamic
model. Considering the accuracy of numerical simulation, a test platform with air as the working
fluid is set up.

Results:
Through the thermodynamic model and numerical simulation, the changes of temperature,
pressure and velocity in the working chamber of the scroll compressor with the orbiting angle of the
main shaft as well as the gas force and torque acting on the orbiting scroll tooth are obtained. Through
experiments, the law of volume flow and shaft power of the scroll compressor with the speed of change,
and the law of the change of discharge temperature with pressure at different speeds are obtained.

Conclusion:
At the same time, the thermodynamic model established by considering heat transfer and
leakage is more in line with the actual working process of the compressor; the mass exchange between
adjacent working chambers of the scroll compressor has a greater impact on the temperature and pressure
in the working chamber. Due to internal leakage and irreversible loss, such as heat transmission,
there is a deviation between the theoretical volume flow and the actual volume flow.
Exploring Mothers’ Experience of a Linguistic Feedback Technology for Children at Risk of Poor Language Development: Qualitative Pilot Study
Authors: So Lydia , Miller Erin , Eastwood John 
Published: August 2021

Background
The early language environment is important for language development and a child’s life-course trajectory. Risk factors associated with poor language development outcomes in children include maternal anxiety and depression, low educational attainment, substance misuse, and low socioeconomic status. Language Environment Analysis (LENA) is a wearable technology designed to promote caregivers’ engagement in supporting their children’s language development. LENA provides quantitative linguistic feedback, which has been shown to improve caregiver language output, thus enhancing a child’s language environment. There is limited research on the uptake of this technology by families with developmentally at-risk children.

Objective
This qualitative study aims to explore the conditions under which mothers with children at risk of poor developmental outcomes are willing to adopt the use of LENA to monitor and improve caregiver language output.

Methods
Using a qualitative interpretive design, semistructured, in-depth interviews were conducted with 8 mothers. Participants were recruited purposively to select the maximal variation of socioeconomic and ethnodemographic backgrounds. The transcribed interview data were analyzed thematically and interpretatively. Themes were mapped abductively to an extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, which included contextual factors for LENA acceptance.

Results
Factors that influenced the intention to use LENA included both technology-specific acceptance factors and contextual factors. Technology acceptance themes included reassurance, feeling overwhelmed, and trust. These themes were mapped to performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence. Contextual themes included emergent success and the intrusion of past difficulties. These were mapped to parenting self-efficacy and perceived risk. The theme of building on success described behavioral intention. Mothers were more likely to adopt LENA when the technology was viewed as acceptable, and this was influenced by parenting self-efficacy and perceived risk.

Conclusions
LENA is a technology that is acceptable to mothers with children who are at risk of poor language development outcomes. Further studies are needed to establish LENA’s effectiveness as an adjunct to strategies to enrich a child’s early language environment.
Patterns of Missing Data With Ecological Momentary Assessment Among People Who Use Drugs: Feasibility Study Using Pilot Study Data
Authors: Markowski Kelly L , Smith Jeffrey A , Gauthier G Robin , Harcey Sela R 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundEcological momentary assessment (EMA) is a set of research methods that capture events, feelings, and behaviors as they unfold in their real-world setting. Capturing data in the moment reduces important sources of measurement error but also generates challenges for noncompliance (ie, missing data). To date, EMA research has only examined the overall rates of noncompliance.ObjectiveIn this study, we identify four types of noncompliance among people who use drugs and aim to examine the factors associated with the most common types.MethodsData were obtained from a recent pilot study of 28 Nebraskan people who use drugs who answered EMA questions for 2 weeks. We examined questions that were not answered because they were skipped, they expired, the phone was switched off, or the phone died after receiving them.ResultsWe found that the phone being switched off and questions expiring comprised 93.34% (1739/1863 missing question-instances) of our missing data. Generalized structural equation model results show that participant-level factors, including age (relative risk ratio [RRR]=0.93; P=.005), gender (RRR=0.08; P=.006), homelessness (RRR=3.80; P=.04), personal device ownership (RRR=0.14; P=.008), and network size (RRR=0.57; P=.001), are important for predicting off missingness, whereas only question-level factors, including time of day (ie, morning compared with afternoon, RRR=0.55; P<.001) and day of week (ie, Tuesday-Saturday compared with Sunday, RRR=0.70, P=.02; RRR=0.64, P=.005; RRR=0.58, P=.001; RRR=0.55, P<.001; and RRR=0.66, P=.008, respectively) are important for predicting expired missingness. The week of study is important for both (ie, week 2 compared with week 1, RRR=1.21, P=.03, for off missingness and RRR=1.98, P<.001, for expired missingness).ConclusionsWe suggest a three-pronged strategy to preempt missing EMA data with high-risk populations: first, provide additional resources for participants likely to experience phone charging problems (eg, people experiencing homelessness); second, ask questions when participants are not likely to experience competing demands (eg, morning); and third, incentivize continued compliance as the study progresses. Attending to these issues can help researchers ensure maximal data quality.