bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AKUNTABILITAS TERHADAP PEMBAYARAN PAJAK BUMI DAN BANGUNAN DI DESA DAMAI KECAMATAN WATANG SIDENRENG KABUPATEN SIDENRENG RAPPANG
Authors: Rukmanti Rina , Latif Adam , Hakim Akhyaruddin 
Published: February 2021

The level of accountability forand building tax payments in Damai Village, Watang Sidenreng District, Sidenreng Rappang District, and to find out the factors that influence the level of community awareness in paying land taxes and Buildings in Damai Village, Watang Sidenreng District, Sidenreng Rappang Regency. The population in this study was 1,486 where the sampling used was Probability Sampling with a random sampling technique using aformula of Yount 5% with a total sample of 74. This study used a Quantitative Descriptive Method. Data collection techniques used through observation, questionnaires (questionnaire), documentation and interviews. The data analysis technique used is Descriptive Statistics, data quality test, classic assumption test using SPSS 21 and Likert Scale. The results showed that accountability for land and building tax payments in the peaceful village of Watang Sidenreng sub-district was categorized as "Influential/ significant", from the ANOVA test it was able to calculate 13,325 overall, influential/ significant and the probability was far from 0.05. Furthermore partially t arithmetic (3,650)> t table (1993) means that the level of accountability influences / significantly on Land and Building Tax Payments in Damai Village, factors that influence the level of public awareness in paying Land and Building Taxes in Damai Village Watang Sidenreng District Sidenreng Regency Rappang 60.6% included in the category of "good".
PENERAPAN PRINSIP GOOD GOVERNANCE TERHADAP APARATUR DESA DALAM PELAYANAN PUBLIK DI DESA CIRO-CIROE KECAMATAN WATANG PULU KABUPATEN SIDENRENG RAPPANG
Authors: Jamal Yenni , Mustanir Ahmad , Latif Adam 
Published: February 2021

The research objective was to determine the aplication of the principles of good governance to village officials in public services in the Ciro-ciroe village, Watang Pulu district, Sidenreng Rappang district and to determine the factors that influenca it. The population of this study was 1356 people, while the research sampel used total probability sampling amounting to 92 people. Data collectiontechniques used in this study are to use observation techniques, interviews, literature study and questionnaires. The data collected was then analyzed using frequency and percentage tables.
The result sof this study indicate that the principles of good governance apparatus in the village of Ciro-ciroe Kacamatan Watang Pulu, Sidenreng Rappang Regency above, then the average percentage is obtained, namely 78,12%. So it can beconcluded that this indicatoris in the very good category. Public servants of the ciro-ciroe village apparatus Watang Pulu district Sidenreng Rappang district above, then the average percentage result it 69,83%. So it can be concluded that this indicator is in the quite good category. As for the factors that most influenca the application of the principles of good governance to village officials in public services in the Ciro-ciroe village Watang Pulu sub-district, Sidenreng Rappang district above, the average percentage result is 71,96%. So it can be concluded that this indicator is in the quite good category.
Quartz dissolution associated with magnesium silicate hydrate cement precipitation
Authors: de Ruiter Lisa , Gunnæs Anette Eleonora , Dysthe Dag Kristian , Austrheim Håkon 
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Quartz has been replaced by magnesium silicate hydrate cement at
the Feragen ultramafic body in south-east Norway. This occurs in deformed
and recrystallized quartz grains deposited as glacial till covering part of
the ultramafic body. Where the ultramafic body is exposed, weathering leads
to high-pH (∼ 10), Mg-rich fluids. The dissolution rate of the
quartz is about 3 orders of magnitude higher than experimentally derived
rate equations suggest under the prevailing conditions. Quartz dissolution
and cement precipitation start at intergranular grain boundaries that act
as fluid pathways through the recrystallized quartz. Etch pits are also
extensively present at the quartz surfaces as a result of preferential
dissolution at dislocation sites. Transmission electron microscopy revealed
an amorphous silica layer with a thickness of 100–200 nm around weathered
quartz grains. We suggest that the amorphous silica is a product of
interface-coupled dissolution–precipitation and that the amorphous silica
subsequently reacts with the Mg-rich, high-pH bulk fluid to precipitate
magnesium silicate hydrate cement, allowing for further quartz dissolution
and locally a complete replacement of quartz by cement. The cement is the
natural equivalent of magnesium silicate hydrate cement (M-S-H), which is
currently of interest for nuclear waste encapsulation and for environmentally
friendly building cement, but it has not yet been developed for commercial use. This
study provides new insights that could potentially contribute to the further
development of M-S-H cement.
Proses Optimasi Produksi Bioetanol dari Limbah Serat Buah Sawit dengan Metode SHF
Authors: Kurniawan Edy Wibowo 
Published: February 2021

The Indonesian government is trying to equalize development including the energy sector. The government launched the use of alternative energy starting in 2008 with a blueprint for searching and utilizing new renewable energy sources in Indonesia through biofuels, one of the alternative energy developed is bioethanol. The research objective is the optimization of the SHF method bioethanol production process from palm fruit fiber waste.
The experimental design uses central composite design with variable H2SO4 concentration and fermentation time. The first stage in the study was by saccharifying the palm oil fiber waste by the hydrolysis method using H2SO4 (concentrations of 1 M, 2 M, and 3 M). Then the next stage is fermentation process (fermentation time is 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days and 5 days). Sugar content analysis was carried out in the fermen solution and analysis of bioethanol levels in each running experiment. Then the optimization is done with the response surface method (RSM).
Based on the research, the optimum condition of the bioethanol production process is H2SO4 concentration of 2.76 M with a fermentation time of 4.64 days which will produce bioethanol levels of 28.6027 g/L.
Karakteristik Organoleptik dan Sifat Kimia Fruit Leather Nanas (Ananas comosus L. Merr) dengan Penambahan Karagenan dan Gelatin sebagai Gelling Agent
Authors: Nurkaya Hamka 
Published: February 2021

Di Kalimantan Timur, buah nanas sangat berlimpah namun masyarakat setempat belum memanfaatkannya sebagai olahan yang berkualitas tinggi padahal buah nanas sangat berpotensi untuk diolah menjadi produk-produk yang memiliki nilai jual tinggi seperti halnya dalam diversifikasi pangan, salah satunya adalah dengan pengolahan fruit leather. Dalam pengolahan fruit leather sering terjadi beberapa kendala, salah satunya adalah plastisitas yang kurang baik. Oleh karena itu untuk memenuhi kriteria tersebut diperlukan penambahan bahan pengikat yang dapat memperbaiki plastisitas dari fruit leather dengan menggunakan bahan karagenan dan gelatin. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktor tunggal dengan lima perlakuan dan tiga kali ulangan. Faktor tunggal dalam penelitian ini adalah perbandingan antara karagenan dan gelatin. Dimana perlakuan adalah P1 (1g:0g), P2 (0,75g:0,25g), P3 (0,50g:0,50g), P4 (0,25g:0,75g), dan P5 (0g:1g) untuk setiap 100 gram bahan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan sidik ragam (ANOVA) dan uji lanjut menggunakan uji beda nyata jujur (BNJ) pada taraf α 5%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh perbandingan penambahan antara karagenan dan gelatin berpengaruh nyata terhadap organoleptik untuk warna dan rasa, namun berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap organoleptik untuk aroma dan tekstur serta berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar air, kadar abu, kadar serat dan vitamin C. Penambahan terbaik berdasarkan tingkat kesukaan terhadap warna, aroma, tekstur dan rasa terdapat pada perbandingan (100:0). Perbandingan ini memiliki kadar air 9,44%, kadar abu 2,88%, kadar serat 1,98%, dan vitamin C 15,51 mg.
The Giant Chalukou Porphyry Mo Deposit, Northeast China: The Product of a Short-Lived, High Flux Mineralizing Event
Authors: Zhao Qingqing , Zhai Degao , Mathur Ryan , Liu Jiajun , Selby David , Williams-Jones Anthony E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Whether giant porphyry ore deposits are the products of single, short-lived magmatic-hydrothermal events or multiple events over a prolonged interval is a topic of considerable debate. Previous studies, however, have all been devoted to porphyry Cu and Cu-Mo deposits. In this paper, we report high-precision isotope dilution-negative-thermal ionization mass spectrometric (ID-N-TIMS) molybdenite Re-Os ages for the newly discovered, world-class Chalukou porphyry Mo deposit (reserves of 2.46 Mt @ 0.087 wt % Mo) in NE China. Samples were selected based on a careful evaluation of the relative timing of the different vein types (i.e., A, B, and D veins), thereby ensuring that the suite of samples analyzed could be used to reliably determine the age and duration of mineralization.
The molybdenite Re-Os geochronology reveals that hydrothermal activity at Chalukou involved two magmatic-hydrothermal events spanning an interval of 6.92 ± 0.16 m.y. The first event (153.96 ± 0.08/0.63/0.79 Ma, molybdenite ID-N-TIMS Re-Os age) was associated with the emplacement of a granite porphyry dated at 152.1 ± 2.2 Ma (zircon laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-microscopic [LA-ICP-MS] U-Pb ages), and led to only minor Mo mineralization, accounting for &lt;10% of the overall Mo budget. The bulk of the Mo (&gt;90%) was deposited in less than 650 kyr, between 147.67 ± 0.10/0.60/0.76 and 147.04 ± 0.12/0.72/0.86 Ma (molybdenite ID-N-TIMS Re-Os ages), coincident with the emplacement of a fine-grained porphyry at 148.1 ± 2.6 Ma (zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages). The high-precision Re-Os age determinations presented here show, contrary to the finding of a number of studies of porphyry Cu and Cu-Mo systems, that the giant Chalukou porphyry Mo deposit primarily formed in a single, short-lived (&lt;650 kyr) hydrothermal event, suggesting that this may also have been the case for other giant porphyry Mo deposits.
Justicia transicional y producción cultural: una cala en la transgresión literaria de los discursos institucionales de Argentina, Chile y España
Authors: García-Manso Luisa 
Published: February 2021

El término ‘justicia transicional’ fue adoptado en los años 90 en las Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas para hacer referencia al conjunto de medidas emprendidas en distintos países para lidiar con legados estatales de violaciones de los derechos humanos: juicios penales, comisiones de verdad, medidas de reparación de las víctimas, políticas de memoria y diferentes formas de reforma institucional, entre otros (Greiff 18). Dichas medidas, que beben de una tradición jurídica internacional, se están efectuando de manera diferente en los diversos países implicados en la confrontación con el pasado. En este ensayo tomo como ejemplo una selección de producciones culturales argentinas, chilenas y españolas de diverso tipo —narrativa, teatro y cine documental— en las que se problematizan los vacíos dejados por las reformas políticas y legales y por la perpetuación —especialmente en los casos español y chileno— de leyes de amnistía que dilatan la impunidad de los responsables de crímenes de lesa humanidad, reconocidos por la ONU como delitos imprescriptibles. Las producciones seleccionadas para el análisis tienen como denominador común su habilidad para denunciar los huecos dejados por la norma a través de recursos formales y expresivos con los que se transgreden los discursos institucionales —e institucionalizados— sobre memoria y justicia en los tres países. The term ‘transitional justice’ is first used in the 90s in the field of Social and Legal Sciences. It "refers to the set of measures implemented in various countries to deal with the legacies of massive human rights abuses", such as "criminal prosecutions, truth-telling, reparations, and different forms of institutional reform" (Greiff 18). In the diverse countries dealing with the past, these measures, which stem from an international legal tradition, are put into practice differently. In this essay, I examine how a selection of Argentinean, Chilean and Spanish cultural productions question the gaps in the political and legal reforms. Especially in the Spanish and the Chilean cases they criticise the perpetuation of amnesty laws that grant impunity to the people responsible for crimes against humanity. From the UN perspective, those crimes are not subject to statutory limitations. The chosen cultural productions belong to different genres: narrative, theatre and documentary film. They have in common the ability to denounce the legal vacuum through formal and expressive resources that transgress the institutional —and institutionalised— discourses on memory and justice of the three countries.
Rivers of Lebanon: Significant Water Resources under Threats
Authors: Shaban Amin 
Published: February 2021

Lebanon is known by tremendous water resources, and this has been often viewed from the considerable number of rivers (i.e. 14 rivers). These rivers are characterized by small catchments and short length. The estimated average annual discharge from these rivers is approximately 2800 million m3. Due to the sloping terrain of Lebanon; however, it was estimated that more than 75% of water from rivers is unexploited it mainly outlets into the sea. The majority of water use from the Lebanese rivers implies domestic, agriculture, as well as some other rivers are used for hydro-power generation where they contribute by about 20% of electricity needed for Lebanon. Lately, and added to water pollution, there is abrupt decline in the discharge from these rivers estimated to more than 60% of their average annual discharge. This unfavorable situation is attributed, in addition to the changing climate, to the anthropogenic interference is the most affecting one and it is represented by over pumping from these rivers and form the recharge zone for groundwater and springs that feed these rivers. This chapter aims at introducing a discussion on the existed challenges on the Lebanese rivers and the proposed and their impact.
Investigation of Structural, Magnetic and Electrical Properties of Chromium Substituted Nickel Ceramic Nanopowders
Authors: Sridhar Rapolu , Ravinder D. , Laxman Naik J. , Vijaya Kumar K. , Maramu N. , Katlakunta S. 
Published: February 2021

Nano-ceramic of NiCrxFe2-xO4 (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) ferrites were synthesized by citrate-gel auto combustion method. The structural parameter such as lattice parameter, X-ray density, bulk density and porosity variations with Cr doping were studied. The average crystallite size is in the range 8.5–10.5 nm. The surface morphology and elemental analysis was studied with SEM (EDAX) spectrum and the structural information analyzed with FTIR spectra. Magnetic properties were discussed with Cr3+ion concentration. Electrical parameters like dc resistivity and drift mobility were reported with function of temperature and dopent concentration from room temperature to well beyond Curie temperature and explained with hopping mechanism between Fe2+↔Fe3+ ions. The activation energies in ferri and para magnetic regions were investigated. Dielectric parameters like dielectric constant, dielectric loss and ac conductivity were investigated variation with frequency and composition.
Synthesis of WO3 Nanostructures and Their Nanocomposites with Graphene Derivatives via Novel Chemical Approach
Authors: Hatel Rhizlane , Baitoul Mimouna 
Published: February 2021

Trioxide Tungsten (WO3), an n-type semiconductor that exhibits a wide band gap of 2.5 to 3.6 eV, has attracted special attention from the scientific community. This attraction is due to its manifold properties, which not only follow the development of technologies, but accelerate it. There are several methods to synthesize WO3 nanostructures with various morphologies. In the present study, for the first time, a novel chemical method was developed for the preparation of WO3 nanostructures by using tungsten carbide (WC) as precursor. This novel approach has many advantages such as high yields, simple methodology and easy work up. Moreover, graphene oxide coated with WO3 nanostructured is prepared via in-situ and ex-situ chemical approaches followed by subsequent thermal treatment at 500°C. The obtained samples were characterized by different techniques to confirm the transformation of WC to WO3 nanostructures and the formation of their nanocomposites with graphene derivatives.
Estudo da avifauna de cinco áreas úmidas, nos campos de cima da serra, município de São Francisco de Paula/RS, Brasil
Authors: Menezes Marcelo Luiz Marques , Duarte Marcelo Maisonette 
Published: February 2021

Áreas úmidas são ecossistemas importantes para alimentação, reprodução, nidificação bem como para o abrigo e repouso de muitas aves, além de outros organismos de grande importância para a manutenção e equilíbrio do ecossistema. Logo, muitas destas áreas são consideradas como prioritárias para a conservação da biodiversidade. Tendo em vista essa importância, este trabalho foi realizado em cinco áreas úmidas com extensão e grau de interferência antrópicas distintas na Região dos Campos de Cima da Serra, no município de São Francisco de Paula, RS. O objetivo foi determinar a riqueza e a abundância relativa das aves nestas áreas. O levantamento ocorreu entre setembro de 2018 e setembro de 2019. As aves nas áreas úmidas foram quantificadas através do método de pontos fixos. Os aspectos antrópicos e dados biológicos foram observados em campo a cada expedição, a fim de se averiguar a influência destes fatores sobre a riqueza e abundância. Para análise da estrutura avifaunística, foram avaliadas a riqueza observada e a abundância relativa. Foram registradas 83 espécies distribuídas em 29 famílias. As famílias mais abundantes foram Icteridae, Threskiornithidae e Thraupidae. Destaca-se que nos banhados com vegetações lenhosas, a ocupação por passeriformes foi mais intensa, demonstrando a importância das áreas também para espécies não consideradas aquáticas. Este estudo afirma a importância na preservação destes habitats e no seu entorno, haja vista a influência que processos como queimadas, drenagens, usos de agrotóxicos, monoculturas e alterações na paisagem inferem sobre a riqueza e abundância de espécies. Os resultados observados neste estudo servem como instrumentos para o manejo e conservação das áreas úmidas e preservação de espécies da avifauna nos Campos de Cima da Serra, bem como levantam a necessidade de valorização destas áreas, controle das pressões antrópicas, criação de zonas de amortecimento e incentivar o turismo de observação de aves 'Birdwatching' como forma de difundir e proporcionar o conhecimento da avifauna regional e assim preservar e conservar as mesmas de impactos antrópicos, proporcionando conhecimento e atividade de lazer e de fomento social.
Hazard Function Modeling
Authors: Kearns Ben 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA wide variety of outcomes can be characterized by their time of occurrence. The hazard function describes how the instantaneous risk of the event occurring changes over time. Hazard function modeling aids in interpreting this temporal evolution, allows for extrapolations to future time points, and quantifies the impact of covariates. Estimates of survival over time may also be obtained from the hazard function. Formal definitions of the hazard and survival functions are provided, along with details of models that are traditionally used: the exponential, Weibull, Gompertz, gamma, lognormal, and log‐logistic. Limitations of these models are discussed, which motivate the use of models with increased flexibility. These include fractional polynomials, spline‐based models, and dynamic survival models. These models make the assumption that the hazard function is smooth over time. This is a less‐restrictive assumption than those employed by traditional models. Formal definitions are provided for these flexible models, along with a discussion of their strengths and limitations.
A case for improving frail patient outcomes in multiple myeloma with phenotype‐driven personalized medicine
Authors: Reiman Lauren T. , Walker Zachary J. , Babcock Lyndsey R. , Forsberg Peter A. , Mark Tomer M. , Sherbenou Daniel W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe treatment of older persons with cancer is fraught by a delicate balance of targeting the disease while avoiding treatment‐related complications. “Personalized,” or “precision” medicine approaches can ease this problem through more efficacious and less toxic treatments. Multiple myeloma epitomizes the struggle to balance treatment options and their complications, for it is an incurable disease afflicting a predominantly aged population, and treatment is administered on a continuous schedule with little or no breaks. Over the last two decades, advances in drug development have improved outcomes for younger, fit patients, but older, frail patients have not realized the same benefit. This could be related to the benefits of three drug combinations, when frail patients can often tolerate only two drugs at a time. In myeloma, personalized approaches have lagged behind some other malignancies due to its genetic complexity and a paucity of abnormalities with associated targeted therapies. In contrast, the disease is managed with an array of drugs that target phenotypic characteristics common in malignant plasma cells. To address the unmet need for personalized medicine in myeloma, we developed a functional approach by profiling the sensitivity of patients’ myeloma to clinically available drugs. Through this, we observed that receiving at least two effective drugs portended better outcomes, leaving those patients who can only tolerate two drug regimens without room for error. We now describe a frail patient's case and their drug sensitivity profile to illustrate how personalized treatment could have led to an improved disease course. Personalized treatment could provide the greatest survival improvements to older adults with cancers, such as multiple myeloma, through avoiding undertreatment, limiting attrition through subsequent lines of therapy, reducing exposure to ineffective drugs and streamlining the management of relapses. Exploring these avenues is imperative to closing the gap of cancer‐related mortality in older and frail persons.