bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of laparoscopic pyelolithotomy and retrograde intrarenal surgery in the management of large renal pelvic stones
Authors: Cicek Mehmet Cagatay , Asi Tariq , Gunseren Kadir Omur , Kilicarslan Hakan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo compare the clinical outcomes of laparoscopic pyelolithotomy (LP) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) in the management of large renal pelvic stones.Patients and methodsThis study included patients who presented with a single renal pelvic stone sized ≥20 mm and who were treated primarily by LP or RIRS. The patients were grouped based on the surgical procedure they underwent. We retrospectively examined and compared the age, the longest axis, and the surface area of the stone, operation time, hospitalization time, complications, and stone‐free rates of the two groups.ResultsOf the 156 patients included in the study, 44 had LP, and 112 had RIRS. Patients who received LP (13 males, 31 females) had a median age of 54 (18‐79) years, while those who underwent RIRS (46 males, 66 females) had a median age of 54.5 (18‐79). Patients who received LP were found to have larger median stone size (30 mm vs 24 mm, P = .003), longer operation time (100 minutes vs 70 minutes, P = .007), lower complication rate (2% vs 8.9%, P = .063), longer median hospital stay (3 days vs 1 day, P < .001) and better stone‐free rate at the third month (90.9% vs 67.9%, P < .001).ConclusionLP is a safe and efficient procedure that could be used as an alternative to RIRS in managing large renal pelvic stones.
Effects of androgen deprivation therapy on cognitive functions in patients with metastatic prostate cancer: A multicentric, prospective study of the Society of Urological Surgery Andrology group
Authors: Cinar Onder , Turunc Tahsin , Kazaz Ilke Onur , Yildirim Omer , Deliktas Hasan , Cihan Ahmet , Gudeloglu Ahmet , Ure Iyimser , Deveci Serkan , Sahin Bahadir , Cinar Bilge Piri , Ozkara Hamdi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAims of the studyThe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of testosterone deficiency on cognitive functions in metastatic prostate cancer patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).MethodsIn this multicentric prospective study, 65 metastatic prostate cancer patients were evaluated. Demographic and clinical data were recorded. Cognitive functions were assessed using the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, the California Verbal Learning Test Second Edition, the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test—Revised, and the Trail Making Test. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory. Cognitive functions and depressive symptoms were recorded before the androgen deprivation therapy and at the 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐ups.ResultsAt the basal cognitive assessment, the mean Symbol Digit Modalities Test, the California Verbal Learning Test Second Edition, the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test—Revised scores were 25.84 ± 17.54, 32.68 ± 10.60, and 17.63 ± 11.23, respectively, and the mean time for the Trail Making Test was 221.56 ± 92.44 seconds, and were similar at the 3‐month, and 6‐month controls (P > .05). The mean pretreatment, third and sixth month testosterone levels were 381.40 ± 157.53 ng/dL, 21.61 ± 9.09 ng/dL and 12.25 ± 6.45 ng/dL (P < .05), and the total PSA levels were 46.46 ± 37.83 ng/mL, 1.41 ± 3.31 ng/mL and 0.08 ± 0.14 ng/mL (P < .05), respectively.ConclusionThe ADT in patients with metastatic prostate cancer does not affect patients’ cognitive functions and depressive symptoms. However, further prospective randomised studies with higher cohorts and longer follow‐up periods are needed.
Impact of high visceral adiposity index associated with metabolic syndrome on erectile function in sexually active men: Results of a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Bolat Mustafa Suat , Ozbek Mustafa Latif , Şahin Bekir , Yılmaz Merve , Kocamanoglu Fatih , Buyukalpelli Recep , Sunter Ahmet Tevfik , Asci Ramazan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsErectile dysfunction (ED) is a common condition affected by many factors. We aimed to show the impact of the metabolic syndrome (MeTS) on male sexual function based on visceral adiposity index (VAI).MethodsParticipants who met MeTS criteria (Group 1, n = 96) and did not meet MeTS criteria (Group 2, n = 189) were included in this cross‐sectional study. The MeTS diagnosis was made in the presence of at least 3 of the following criteria: fasting serum glucose level higher than 100 mg/dL, HDL cholesterol level below 40 mg/dL, triglyceride level higher than 150 mg/dL, waist circumference higher than 102 cm and blood pressure higher than 130/85 mmHg. Demographic data were recorded; biochemical and hormonal tests were measured. Erectile and other sexual function scores were recorded. The VAI was calculated using the [(Waist Circumference/39.68) + (1.88 × body mass index)] × triglyceride/1.03 × 1.31/HDL formula.ResultsMean age, smoking volume, testosterone (T) and testosterone/estradiol (T/E2) ratios of the groups were similar (P > .05). The mean VAI was two‐fold higher in patients in Group 1 (P < .001) and erectile function score was lower in Group 1 than Group 2 (P = .001). Other sexual function scores were similar (P > .05). The METS was associated with an increased risk of ED (P = .001). Logistic regression analysis showed that each integer increase in the VAI was associated with a 1.4‐fold increased risk of ED (P < .001). Higher T values were associated with a better erectile function (P = .03). For the VAI = 4.33, receiver‐operating characteristic analysis showed a sensitivity of 89.6% and specificity of 57.7%.ConclusionCompared with non‐MeTS, the presence of MeTS has emerged as a risk factor for patients with ED with high VAI levels while the other sexual functions are preserved. Management of ED patients with MeTS should cover a comprehensive metabolic and endocrinological evaluation in addition to andrological work up.
Maintaining cultural identity: A systematic mixed studies review of cultural influences on the self‐care of African immigrants living with non‐communicable disease
Authors: Henry Osokpo Onome , James Richard , Riegel Barbara 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo understand and identify cultural factors influencing the self‐care practices of African immigrants living with chronic illness in countries outside Africa.BackgroundThe influence of cultural factors on self‐care is relatively unexplored in African immigrants with non‐communicable diseases (NCDs).DesignSystematic Mixed Studies review.Data sourcesPubMed, Psych Info, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Anthropology Plus and Sociological Abstract computerized databases. No limit was placed on publication date.Review methodsResults‐based convergent design was used. The Mixed Method Appraisal Tool was used to evaluate the studies. Quantitative studies were synthesized narratively while qualitative studies were synthesized using thematic synthesis.ResultsWe identified 251 articles and nine fulfilled our inclusion criteria. The studies were published between 2006 and 2019, with six qualitative and three quantitative studies. Studies were conducted in the United States, Australia, Sweden, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Most studies examined the influence of culture on self‐care of diabetes (n = 6), while the rest focused on hypertension (n = 3). Findings highlight that cultural norms and practices, non‐Western approaches to interpreting and managing illness, cultural connotations of health behaviours and structural challenges influencing self‐care. Cultural food preferences made adherence to prescribed diets challenging. Family support facilitated self‐care. Maintainingcultural identitywas both a driver and constraint to engaging in self‐care.ConclusionThe complex interplay of cultural and structural factors influences the willingness of Africans who have immigrated to a developed country to follow recommended self‐care practices. Considering these cultural norms and structural barriers can help to explain the self‐care behaviours of African immigrant populations.ImpactClinicians and policymakers who account for structural factors and integrate cultural factors into care facilities, treatment protocols and policy can be influential in promoting self‐care in African immigrant populations.
Childhood psychopathology mediates associations between childhood adversities and multiple health risk behaviours in adolescence: analysis using the ALSPAC birth cohort
Authors: Troy David , Russell Abigail , Kidger Judi , Wright Caroline 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundChildhood adversity strongly predicts adolescent multiple health risk behaviours (MRBs) such as alcohol/tobacco use, self‐harm and physical inactivity, and both adversities and MRBs are associated with premature mortality and several chronic health conditions that are among the leading causes of death in adults. It is therefore important to understand the relationship between adversities and MRBs and what could mediate any association. The aim of this study was to explore whether childhood psychopathology mediates associations between adversities and MRBs.MethodsParticipants were young people in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) (N = 5,799). Using structural equation modelling, we explored the associations between adversities before 9 years and MRBs at age 16 years. We also explored potential mediating pathways through dimensional psychopathology measured by the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire subscales at age 12 years.ResultsThere were strong positive associations between adversities and MRBs (β .25, 95% CI 0.20, 0.31, p < .001) suggesting that each additional adversity is associated with a 0.25 increase in number of MRBs out of 13 total risk behaviours. We found robust evidence of mediating pathways from adversities through conduct problems (β .05, 95% CI 0.03, 0.06, p < .001), hyperactivity/inattention (β .02, 95% CI 0.01, 0.03, p < .001) and peer relationship problems (β −.02, 95% CI −0.03, −0.02, p < .001) to MRBs.ConclusionsIncreased conduct problems and hyperactivity/inattention appear to partially explain the relationship between adversities and MRBs. Peer relationship problems also appear to reduce the association between adversities and MRBs, and further research is needed to understand how to encourage peer connectivity without increasing risk of MRBs. These results suggest that interventions aimed at reducing MRBs among those exposed to childhood adversities could focus on prevention of behavioural problems.
Low‐Intervention Birth Suites Within a Community Hospital: An Innovative Approach to Perinatal Services
Authors: Javernick Julie A. , Dempsey Amy , DeLeon Betsy 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPerinatal care leaders at a community hospital located in the Denver, Colorado metropolitan area searched for an innovative way to provide a low‐intervention option that promoted physiologic birth for women seeking intrapartum care. This reasonably priced project focused on the transformation of traditional labor and delivery rooms into birth suites and included installation of birth slings, full‐size beds with home‐like mattresses, new sleep sofas for the partners, and the removal of computer screens and electronic fetal monitors. In addition, the team wrote a specific birth suite policy, provided nurse education focused on intermittent auscultation and labor support techniques, and developed a birth suite curriculum for patient education. This innovative model of care demonstrated outcomes similar to those seen in community‐based birth centers and received positive feedback from families who labored and gave birth in these suites. In the instance when the birth suite is no longer the appropriate environment for intrapartum care secondary to risk factors, a woman's preference, or obstetric emergency management, this model allows for expeditious transfer of the woman or newborn to a location where an appropriate higher level of care can be provided. Converting 2 labor and delivery rooms to low‐intervention birth suites required minimal funding and enabled a community hospital in Colorado to expand its perinatal services to women who are seeking low‐intervention birth options that promote physiologic birth.
Rural and Urban Differences in COVID‐19 Prevention Behaviors
Authors: Callaghan Timothy , Lueck Jennifer A. , Trujillo Kristin Lunz , Ferdinand Alva O. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeTo examine whether the adoption of COVID‐19‐related preventive health behaviors vary in rural versus urban communities of the United States while accounting for the influence of political ideology, demographic factors, and COVID‐19 experiences.MethodsWe rely on a representative survey of 5009 American adults collected from May 28 to June 8, 2020. We analyze the influence of rural status, political ideology, demographic factors, and COVID‐19 experiences on self‐reported adoption of 8 COVID‐19‐related preventive health behaviors.FindingsRural residents are significantly less likely to have worn a mask in public, sanitized their home or workplace with disinfectant, avoided dining at restaurants or bars, or worked from home. These findings, with the exception of dining out, are robust to the inclusion of measures accounting for political ideology, demographic factors, and COVID‐19 experiences.ConclusionsRural residents are significantly less likely to participate in several COVID‐19‐related preventive health behaviors. This reality could exacerbate existing disparities in health access and outcomes for rural Americans. Health messaging targeted at improving COVID‐19 preventive behavior adoption in rural America is warranted.
Naps not as effective as a night of sleep at dissipating sleep pressure
Authors: Tarokh Leila , Van Reen Eliza , Achermann Peter , Carskadon Mary A. 
Published: February 2021

SummaryThe two‐process model of sleep posits that two processes interact to regulate sleep and wake: a homeostatic (Process S) and a circadian process (Process C). Process S compensates for sleep loss by increasing sleep duration and intensity. Process C gates the timing of sleep/wake favouring sleep during the circadian night in humans. In this study, we examined whether taking six naps throughout a 24‐hr period would result in the same amount of dissipation of homeostatic pressure at the end of the day as a night of sleep, when time in bed is equivalent. Data from 46 participants (10−23 years; mean = 14.5 [± 2.9]; 25 females) were analysed. Slow‐wave energy, normalized to account for individual differences in slow‐wave activity, was used as a measure of sleep homeostasis. In the nap condition, slow‐wave energy of six naps distributed equally during a 24‐hr period was calculated. In the baseline condition, slow‐wave energy was measured after 9‐hr time in bed. A paired t‐test was used to compare nap and baseline conditions. A linear regression was used to examine whether slow‐wave energy varied as a function of age. Slow‐wave energy was greater during baseline than the nap condition (p < .001). No association between age and slow‐wave energy was found for baseline or nap conditions. Our findings indicate that multiple naps throughout the day are not as effective at dissipating sleep pressure as a night of sleep. This is likely due to the influence of the circadian system, which staves off sleep during certain times of the day.
The association between eating frequency with alertness and gastrointestinal complaints in nurses during the night shift
Authors: de Rijk Mariëlle G. , van Eekelen Alexander P. J. , Kaldenberg Elly , Boesveldt Sanne , te Woerd Wendy , Holwerda Tineke , Lansink Ceciel J. M. , Feskens Edith J. M. , de Vries Jeanne H. M. 
Published: February 2021

SummaryWe investigated the association of the number of eating occasions and energy intake with alertness and gastrointestinal (GI) complaints in nurses during their night shift. During this observational study we collected data on anthropometrics and demographics, eating frequency, energy intake, alertness and GI complaints in 118 healthy female nurses, aged 20 to 61 years. Nurses completed an alertness test (psychomotor vigilance task) during the night shift and a 24‐hr dietary recall and a questionnaire about GI complaints after the night shift. This was repeated three times, always on the first night shift in a night shift series. The number of eating occasions during the night shift was negatively associated with reaction times (β = −4.81 ms, 95% confidence interval [CI] −9.14 to −0.48; p = .030), and number of lapses (β = −0.04, 95% CI −0.07 to −0.00; p = .030). However, the number of eating occasions was not associated with subjective alertness and GI complaints. Energy intake during the night shift was not associated with objective or subjective alertness or with GI complaints. These associations were independent of caffeine intake, age, body mass index and dependence among the repeated measurements. The present study showed that eating frequency was positively associated with objectively measured alertness levels in female nurses during the night shift. The results need to be confirmed in an intervention study, where also timing, size and composition of the meal will be taken into account. In practice, optimising nutritional guidelines on these aspects could lead to faster responses, less (medical) errors, and a better wellbeing of night shift workers.
Evaluation of hypophysectomy for treatment of hypersomatotropism in 25 cats
Authors: van Bokhorst Kirsten L. , Galac Sara , Kooistra Hans S. , Valtolina Chiara , Fracassi Federico , Rosenberg Dan , Meij Björn P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundSuccessful treatment of cats with hypersomatotropism by transsphenoidal hypophysectomy is described in small numbers of cats.ObjectivesTo describe the endocrine profile, survival, and remission rates of hypersomatotropism and diabetes mellitus in a cohort of cats with hypersomatotropism that underwent hypophysectomy between 2008 and 2020.AnimalsTwenty‐five client‐owned cats with spontaneous hypersomatotropism.MethodsRetrospective study. Diagnosis of hypersomatotropism was based on clinical signs, plasma insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) concentration, and imaging of the pituitary gland. Growth hormone (GH) and IGF‐1 concentrations were measured repeatedly after surgery. Survival times were calculated based on follow‐up information from owners and referring veterinarians.ResultsMedian postoperative hospital stay was 7 days (range, 3‐18 days). One cat died within 4 weeks of surgery. Median plasma GH concentration decreased significantly from 51.0 ng/mL (range, 5.0‐101.0 ng/mL) before surgery to 3.8 ng/mL (range, 0.6‐13.0 ng/mL) at 5 hours after surgery. Remission of hypersomatotropism, defined as normalization of plasma IGF‐1 concentration, occurred in 23/24 cats (median, 34 ng/mL; range, 14‐240 ng/mL) and 22/24 cats entered diabetic remission. Median survival time was 1347 days (95% confidence interval, 900‐1794 days; range, 11‐3180 days) and the overall 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year all‐cause survival rates were 76%, 76%, and 52%, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThis study shows the beneficial outcome of hypophysectomy in cats with hypersomatotropism, marked by low death rate and a high percentage of diabetic remission and definitive cure.
Economic evaluation of a reduced dosage of ready‐to‐use therapeutic foods to treat uncomplicated severe acute malnourished children aged 6–59 months in Burkina Faso
Authors: N'Diaye Dieynaba S. , Wassonguema Bibata , Nikièma Victor , Kangas Suvi T. , Salpéteur Cécile 
Published: February 2021

AbstractReady‐to‐use therapeutic foods (RUTF) used to treat children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) are costly, and the prescribed dosage has not been optimized. The MANGO trial, implemented by Action Contre la Faim in Burkina Faso, proved the non‐inferiority of a reduced RUTF dosage in community‐based treatment of uncomplicated SAM. We performed a cost‐minimization analysis to assess the economic impact of transitioning from the standard to the reduced RUTF dose. We used a decision‐analytic model to simulate a cohort of 399 children/arm, aged 6–59 months and receiving SAM treatment. We adopted a societal perspective: direct medical costs (drugs, materials and staff time), non‐medical costs (caregiver expenses) and indirect costs (productivity loss) in 2017 international US dollar were included. Data were collected through interviews with 35 caregivers and 20 informants selected through deliberate sampling and the review trial financial documents. The overall treatment cost for 399 children/arm was $36,550 with the standard and $30,411 with the reduced dose, leading to $6,140 (16.8%) in cost savings ($15.43 saved/child treated). The cost/consultation was $11.6 and $9.6 in the standard and reduced arms, respectively, with RUTF accounting for 56.2% and 47.0% of the total. The savings/child treated was $11.4 in a scenario simulating the Burkinabè routine SAM treatment outside clinical trial settings. The reduced RUTF dose tested in the MANGO trial resulted in significant cost savings for SAM treatment. These results are useful for decision makers to estimate potential economic gains from an optimized SAM treatment protocol in Burkina Faso and similar contexts.
Seascape genomics reveals candidate molecular targets of heat stress adaptation in three coral species
Authors: Selmoni Oliver , Lecellier Gaël , Magalon Hélène , Vigliola Laurent , Oury Nicolas , Benzoni Francesca , Peignon Christophe , Joost Stéphane , Berteaux‐Lecellier Véronique 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAnomalous heat waves are causing a major decline of hard corals around the world and threatening the persistence of coral reefs. There are, however, reefs that have been exposed to recurrent thermal stress over the years and whose corals appear to have been tolerant against heat. One of the mechanisms that could explain this phenomenon is local adaptation, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly known. In this work, we applied a seascape genomics approach to study heat stress adaptation in three coral species of New Caledonia (southwestern Pacific) and to uncover the molecular actors potentially involved. We used remote sensing data to characterize the environmental trends across the reef system, and sampled corals living at the most contrasted sites. These samples underwent next generation sequencing to reveal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), frequencies of which were associated with heat stress gradients. As these SNPs might underpin an adaptive role, we characterized the functional roles of the genes located in their genomic region. In each of the studied species, we found heat stress‐associated SNPs located in proximity of genes involved in pathways well known to contribute to the cellular responses against heat, such as protein folding, oxidative stress homeostasis, inflammatory and apoptotic pathways, and DNA damage‐repair. In some cases, the same candidate molecular targets of heat stress adaptation recurred among species. Together, these results underline the relevance and the power of the seascape genomics approach for the discovery of adaptive traits that could allow corals to persist across wider thermal ranges.