bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A manipulative interplay between positive and negative regulators of phytohormones: A way forward for improving drought tolerance in plants
Authors: Mubarik Muhammad Salman , Khan Sultan Habibullah , Sajjad Muhammad , Raza Ali , Hafeez Muhammad Bilal , Yasmeen Tahira , Rizwan Muhammad , Ali Shafaqat , Arif Muhammad Saleem 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAmong different abiotic stresses, drought stress is the leading cause of impaired plant growth and low productivity worldwide. It is therefore essential to understand the process of drought tolerance in plants and thus to enhance drought resistance. Accumulating evidence indicates that phytohormones are essential signaling molecules that regulate diverse processes of plant growth and development under drought stress. Plants can often respond to drought stress through a cascade of phytohormones signaling as a means of plant growth regulation. Understanding biosynthesis pathways and regulatory crosstalk involved in these vital compounds could pave the way for improving plant drought tolerance while maintaining overall plant health. In recent years, the identification of phytohormones related key regulatory genes and their manipulation through state‐of‐the‐art genome engineering tools have helped to improve drought tolerance plants. To date, several genes linked to phytohormones signaling networks, biosynthesis, and metabolism have been described as a promising contender for engineering drought tolerance. Recent advances in functional genomics have shown that enhanced expression of positive regulators involved in hormone biosynthesis could better equip plants against drought stress. Similarly, knocking down negative regulators of phytohormone biosynthesis can also be very effective to negate the negative effects of drought on plants. This review explained how manipulating positive and negative regulators of phytohormone signaling could be improvised to develop future crop varieties exhibiting higher drought tolerance. In addition, we also discuss the role of a promising genome editing tool, CRISPR/Cas9, on phytohormone mediated plant growth regulation for tackling drought stress.
Exogenous salicylic acid alleviates the negative impacts on production components, biomass and gas exchange in tomato plants under water deficit improving redox status and anatomical responses
Authors: Lobato Allan Klynger da Silva , Barbosa Maria Antonia Machado , Alsahli Abdulaziz Abdullah , Lima Emily Juliane Alvino , Silva Breno Ricardo Serrão da 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSalicylic acid (SA) is an interesting messenger in plant metabolism that modulates multiple pathways, including the antioxidant defence pathway, and stimulates anatomical structures essential to carbon dioxide fixation during the photosynthetic process. The aim of this research was to determine whether pre‐treatment with exogenous SA can alleviate the deleterious effects induced by water deficit on production components, biomass and gas exchange, measuring reactive oxygen species, antioxidant enzymes, variables connected to photosynthetic machinery, anatomical responses, and agro‐morphological traits in tomato plants under water deficit. The experiment used a factorial design with four treatments, including two water conditions (control and water deficit) and two salicylic acid concentrations (0 and 0.1 mM salicylic acid). Water deficit negatively impacted the biomass and fruit number of tomato plants. Pre‐treatment using 0.1 mM SA in plants submitted to water restriction induced increments in fruit number, weight, and biomass. These results were related to the protective role triggered by this substance, stimulating superoxide dismutase (27.07%), catalase (17.81%), ascorbate peroxidase (50.52%), and peroxidase (10.81%) as well as reducing the cell damage (malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage) caused by superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Simultaneously, application of SA improved the net photosynthetic rate (84.55%) and water‐use efficiency (65.00%) of stressed plants in which these factors are connected to anatomical benefits, as verified by stomatal density, palisade and spongy parenchyma, combined with improved performance linked to photosystem II.
Wing morphology of a new Cretaceous praying mantis solves the phylogenetic jigsaw of early‐diverging extant lineages
Authors: Demers‐Potvin Alexandre V. , Larsson Hans C.E. , Cournoyer Mario , Béthoux Olivier 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe extremely derived morphology and behaviour of extant praying mantises combined with a scarce record of fossil relatives introduce significant challenges to tracing their evolution from Palaeozoic stem‐dictyopterans. Extant members of Chaeteessidae, Mantoididae and Metallyticidae could be invaluable to resolving the mantodean tree, yet their inclusion in phylogenetic analyses led to conflicting hypotheses due to their highly disparate respective morphologies. In this contribution, we present Labradormantis guilbaulti gen. et sp.n., a new fossil species described from both fore‐ and hind‐wing imprints discovered in the Redmond Mine locality (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian, Redmond Formation; Labrador, Canada). The examination of its hind‐wing AA2* supports the hypothesis that this structure, unique to Chaeteessidae among extant mantises, is a true vein and that its occurrence represents a plesiomorphy for Mantodea. A parsimony analysis including newly coded wing‐related characters further established that L. guilbaulti gen. et sp.n. displays a unique combination of plesiomorphic and apomorphic character states that situates it within the extinct family Baissomantidae. This dataset resolved the phylogenetic relationships of early‐diverging extant lineages as (Chaeteessidae (Mantoididae (Metallyticidae, Artimantodea))), and suggested that the Eocene Lithophotina floccosa Cockerell might be a close relative of extant metallyticids. It also indicated a trend towards increased modularity within mantis fore‐wings, in contrast with a trend towards increased morphological integration in their hind‐wings, both of which are potentially associated with improved flight performance for modern mantises. This study emphasizes the importance of fossils for resolving phylogenetic relationships and for introducing transitional phenotypes to infer ancient evolutionary trends of extant derived clades.
Phylogeny of the tribe Empoascini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) based on morphological characteristics, with reclassification of the Empoasca generic group
Authors: Xu Ye , Dietrich Christopher H. , Zhang Ya‐Lin , Dmitriev Dmitry A. , Zhang Li , Wang Yi‐Mei , Lu Si‐Han , Qin Dao‐Zheng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA morphology‐based phylogenetic analysis of the tribe Empoascini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) is presented for 58 of 83 formerly recognized genera based on 99 morphological characters of adults. The results support excluding the New World Beamerana generic group from Empoascini. The remaining genera of Empoascini were recovered as a monophyletic sister group of Dikraneurini. Previously recognized tribes Jorumini and Helionini are derived from within Empoascini and are considered synonyms of the latter tribe. Three previously recognized informal generic groups, the Empoasca group, Alebroides group and Usharia group were paraphyletic but the Ficiana group was recovered as monophyletic based on five synapomorphies. Genera previously placed in the Alebroides group represent at least six independent lineages, indicating that the hind wing character separating this group from the Empoasca group (CuA and MP veins free) is highly homoplasious. Empoasca (sensu lato) is also paraphyletic. Thus, twelve previously recognized subgenera of Empoasca are elevated to genus status and five species groups of Empoasca from the New World are recognized as separate new genera. Sikkimasca Dworakowska, 1993 is treated as synonym of Marolda Dworakowska, 1977 based on the phylogeny. Biogeographic analysis suggests that Empoascini most likely first evolved in the Oriental region and spread to other biogeographic realms more recently by multiple independent invasions.
Effect of Pitch Error on Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Hydrostatic Worm-Rack-Drive
Authors: Zhang Yongtao , Liu Yupeng , Deng Junjun , Song Rongxiang , Zhu Yingdan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Hydrostatic worm-rack-drive has obvious advantages on large-sized machine tools, and its performance is significantly affected by pitch errors. This paper theoretically researches the axial static and dynamic characteristics of hydrostatic worm-rack-drive, including the effects of the amplitude, period, and phase of pitch errors. Based on the expanded view of the helicoid of threads, a numerical calculation method is implemented where the Reynolds’ equation and flow continuity equation are solved simultaneously. The influence rule of pitch errors on pocket pressure, flow, axial fluid-film force, axial stiffness coefficient, and axial damping coefficient are discussed in detail, for providing beneficial guidance for the design and performance optimization of hydrostatic worm-rack-drive.
Effect of Uncertainty in the Balancing Weights on the Vibration Response of a High-Speed Rotor
Authors: Datz Janina , Karimi Mahmoud , Marburg Steffen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This work investigates how uncertainties in the balancing weights are propagating into the vibration response of a high-speed rotor. Balancing data are obtained from a 166-MW gas turbine rotor in a vacuum balancing tunnel. The influence coefficient method is then implemented to characterize the rotor system by a deterministic multi-speed and multi-plane matrix. To model the uncertainties, a non-sampling probabilistic method based on the generalized polynomial chaos expansion (gPCE) is employed. The uncertain parameters including the mass and angular positions of the balancing weights are then expressed by gPCE with deterministic coefficients. Assuming predefined probability distributions of the uncertain parameters, the stochastic Galerkin projection is applied to calculate the coefficients for the input parameters. Furthermore, the vibration amplitudes of the rotor response are represented by appropriate gPCE with unknown deterministic coefficients. These unknown coefficients are determined using the stochastic collocation method by evaluating the gPCE for the system response at a set of collocation points. The effects of individual and combined uncertain parameters from a single and multiple balancing planes on the rotor vibration response are examined. Results are compared with the Monte Carlo simulations, showing excellent agreement.
Forced Convective Flow of Bingham Plastic Fluids in a Branching Channel With the Effect of T-Channel Branching Angle
Authors: Maurya Anamika , Tiwari Naveen , Chhabra R. P. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This work aims to explore the T-channel momentum and heat transfer characteristics with the combined effect of Bingham plastic fluids (0.01 ≤ Bn ≤ 20) behavior and geometrical variation in terms of branching angle (30 deg ≤ α ≤ 90 deg). The problem has been solved over a wide range of Reynolds number (50 ≤ Re ≤ 300) and Prandtl number (10 ≤ Pr ≤ 50). For the momentum flow, qualitative and quantitative features are analyzed in terms of streamlines, structure of yielded/unyielded regions, shear rate contours, plug width and length variation, and local pressure coefficient. These features have been represented in terms of isotherm patterns, temperature profile, Nusselt number, and its asymptotic value for heat transfer characteristics. The recirculating flows have been presented here in the vicinity of T-junction, which promote mixing and heat transfer. Broadly, the size of this zone bears a positive dependence on Re and α. However, fluid yield stress tends to suppress it. The critical Reynolds and Bingham numbers were found to be strong functions of the pertinent parameters like α. The inclination angle exerts only a weak effect on the yielded/unyielded regions and on the recirculation length of main branch. Results show a strong relationship of the plug width and length with key parameters and branches. The Nusselt number exhibits a positive relationship with α, Bn, and Re but for lower Pr in the T-junction vicinity for both branches. Such length indicates the required optimum channel length for thermal mixing.
Numerical Modeling of Freestream Turbulence Decay Using Different Commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics Codes
Authors: Sarkar Dwaipayan , Savory Eric 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This work models the spatial decay of freestream turbulence using three different commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes: Fluent, star-ccm+, and cfx. The two-equation shear stress transport k–ω (SST-k–ω) steady Reynolds-averaged-Navier–Stokes (RANS) model was used, within each of these three different commercial codes, and the modeling variations were analyzed. Comparison of the results from the SST-k–ω model with experiments and large eddy simulation (LES) (carried out using star-ccm+) were also made, which reveal that all the commercial CFD codes demonstrate either a higher or slower rate of spatial turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) decay. Attempts were then made to unify the resultant modeling approach between these three CFD tools, by careful manipulation of the inlet boundary conditions and subsequent fine-tuning of the SST-k–ω model constant (β∞∗). The results obtained not only displayed uniformity among the three CFD codes but also demonstrated a much better agreement to the experiments and the LES results. Thereafter, the optimized model coefficient (β∞∗) was integrated with the three-equation k–kl–ω transition model to examine its applicability in modeling a turbulent boundary layer flow over a flat plate with low incoming turbulence. The results showed good agreement with the theoretical boundary layer correlations, with correct prediction of the transition location. The findings from this study can be used as a suitable modeling method to accurately model the effects of freestream turbulence on bluff-body and boundary layer flows.
A Comparison of Different Approaches to Estimate the Efficiency of Wells Turbines
Authors: Licheri Fabio , Cambuli Francesco , Puddu Pierpaolo , Ghisu Tiziano 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWells turbines are among the most interesting power takeoff devices used in oscillating water column (OWC) systems for the conversion of ocean-wave energy into electrical energy. Several configurations have been studied during the last decades, both experimentally and numerically. Different methodologies have been proposed to estimate the efficiency of this turbine, as well as different approaches to evaluate the intermediate quantities required. Recent works have evaluated the so-called second-law efficiency of a Wells turbine, and compared it to the more often used first-law efficiency. In this study, theoretical analyses and numerical simulations have been used to demonstrate how these two efficiency measures should lead to equivalent values, given the low pressure ratio of the machine. In numerical simulations, small discrepancies can exist, but they are due to the difficulty of ensuring entropy conservation on complex three-dimensional meshes. The efficiencies of different rotor geometries are analyzed based on the proposed measures, and the main sources of loss are identified.
Comparative Analysis of Temperature Field Model and Design of Cooling System Structure Parameters of Submersible Motor
Authors: Zhang Qi , Li Zeng-liang , Dong Xiang-wei , Liu Yan-xin , Yu Ran 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The reliability of submersible motors is directly related to the operational life of offshore oil-gas resources exploration and development equipment, crude oil production, and drilling costs. Temperature field model and coupling mode are the key factors for accurate analysis of cooling system. First, considering different equivalent modes of convective heat transfer of housing surface, two temperature field models are established using the finite volume method (FVM). Second, considering the influence of temperature and magnetic field, the coupling mode between heat loss (HL) and temperature of submersible motor is analyzed, and the importance of oil friction loss and copper loss as variables is pointed out. Considering the influence relationship among the components of the cooling system, the coupling mode between the radiator temperature field and the cooling system internal flow field is obtained. For a simulated circulation flow, the necessity of rotor iron loss calculation under the orthogonal decomposition correction model and rotor loss analysis is explained. Finally, the design procedure of the cooling system is proposed to obtain the design range between the structural parameters of the radiator and the circulation flow. Through the analysis of the influence factors of the cooling system, the matching mode of the same structural parameters under the two models is determined. These models are experimentally validated, and a more reasonable model is obtained under the proposed coupling mode in this paper, which can provide necessary insights for future research on submersible motor cooling systems.
Control of Boiling Instabilities in a Two-Phase Pumpless Loop Using Water-Alcohol Mixtures
Authors: Bhagat Ankit , Ghaisas Gautam , Mathew John , Krishnan Shankar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe mitigation of boiling instabilities by using water-alcohol mixtures as coolants in a two-phase pumpless loop is experimentally investigated. Water-miscible alcohol, namely, 2-propanol, is added to water in quantities of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mol fractions to reduce the bubble departure diameters. Boiling experiments are carried out in the pumpless loop involving a copper-based split-flow microchannel evaporator. Two-phase flow stability and heat transfer performance are compared between pure water and 2-propanol-water mixtures. Temperature measurements at the evaporator inlet, evaporator outlet, and condenser inlet show a considerable reduction in fluctuations when the binary mixtures are used as coolants. Therefore, the addition of a small amount of alcohol to water is proposed as a simple technique to control two-phase flow instabilities as against complex geometry modification to the evaporator, often studied in the literature. The pumpless loop with water-alcohol mixtures is a viable thermal management solution for power electronic devices that involve time-varying workloads.
Activation cross section data of deuteron induced nuclear reactions on rubidium up to 50 MeV
Authors: Tárkányi Ferenc , Hermanne Alex , Ditrói Ferenc , Takács Sándor , Ignatyuk Anatolij V. , Spahn Ingo , Spellerberg Stephan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractActivation cross sections of the $$^{\mathrm {nat}}\hbox {Rb (d,xn)}^{87\mathrm {m,85m,85g,83,82}}\hbox {Sr}$$

nat

Rb

(d,xn)

87

m
,
85
m
,
85
g
,
83
,
82

Sr

, $$^{\mathrm {nat}}\hbox {Rb(d,x)}^{\mathrm {86,84,83,82m}}\hbox {Rb}$$

nat

Rb(d,x)

86
,
84
,
83
,
82
m

Rb

and $$^{\mathrm {nat}}\hbox {Rb(d,x)}^{85\mathrm {m}}\hbox {Kr}$$

nat

Rb(d,x)

85
m

Kr

nuclear reactions have been measured for the first time through an activation method combining the stacked foil irradiation technique and gamma-ray spectrometry. The provided cross sections from the present investigation are all new, in such a way contribute to the completeness of the experimental database. The experimental cross sections were compared with the theoretical prediction in the TENDL-2019 TALYS based library and with our calculation using ALICE-D and EMPIRE-D model codes in order the improve their predictivity. Thick target production yields were calculated form the new cross sections for all investigated radioisotopes. Practical applications of the results are shortly discussed.
Thick brane structures in generalized hybrid metric-Palatini gravity
Authors: Rosa João Luís , Ferreira D. A. , Bazeia Dionisio , Lobo Francisco S. N. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this work, we study 5-dimensional braneworld scenarios in the scalar-tensor representation of the generalized hybrid metric-Palatini gravitational theory. We start by considering a model for a brane supported purely by the gravitational scalar fields of the theory and then consider other distinct cases where the models are also supported by an additional matter scalar field. We investigate the stability of the gravity sector and show that the models are all robust against small fluctuations of the metric. In particular, in the presence of the additional scalar field, we find that the profile of the gravitational zero mode may be controlled by the parameters of the model, being also capable of developing internal structure.
Integrated end-to-end instrumentation for the study of whispering gallery modes in dynamic liquid micro-cavities coupled to sub-micron tapered fibers
Authors: Gaira Meenakshi , Unnikrishnan C.S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn integrated table-top facility with the end-to-end instrumentation for the study of high-Q Whispering Gallery Modes in solid and liquid micro-cavities is described, with emphasis on the in situ fabrication of reliable tapered fibers of sub-micron waist sizes for coupling light into time-dependent liquid micro-cavities. The experimental parameters have been chosen to get nearly adiabatic tapers, with their waist size consistent with the theoretical model. The oscillations in the transmitted power during fiber tapering are monitored to check the coupling of higher order modes and identify the point when the fiber is suitable for pure single mode coupling. The fabricated tapered fibers have greater than 85% transmission on the average and very good polarization fidelity. The tapered fibers have been used for efficiently exciting and detecting WGMs of Q∼107 in silica microspheres and of Q up to 7×107 in microdrops of silicone oils. The set-up is suitable for conversion to a transportable system, for sensing applications involving WGMs in liquid microdrops.
Toeplitz Operators Acting on True-Poly-Bergman Type Spaces of the Two-Dimensional Siegel Domain: Nilpotent Symbols
Authors: Hernández-Eliseo Yessica , Ramírez-Ortega Josué , Hernández-Zamora Francisco G. 
Published: January 2021

We describe certain

C

∗

-algebras generated by Toeplitz operators with nilpotent symbols and acting on a poly-Bergman type space of the Siegel domain

D

2

⊂

ℂ

2

. Bounded measurable functions of the form

c

Im

ζ

1

,
Im

ζ

2

−

ζ

1

2

are called nilpotent symbols. In this work, we consider symbols of the form

a

Im

ζ

1

b

Im

ζ

2

−

ζ

1

2

, where both limits

lim

s
→

0

+

b

s

and

lim

s

→

+

∞

b

s

exist, and

a

s

belongs to the set of piecewise continuous functions on

ℝ

¯

=

−
∞
,
+
∞

and having one-side limit values at each point of a finite set

S
⊂
ℝ

. We prove that the

C

∗

-algebra generated by all Toeplitz operators

T

a
b

is isomorphic to

C

Π

¯

, where

Π

¯

=

ℝ

¯

×

ℝ

¯

+

and

ℝ

¯

+

=

0
,
+
∞

.