bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a clinical prediction model to estimate the risk of critical patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Chen Wenyu , Yao Ming , Hu Lin , Zhang Ye , Zhou Qinghe , Ren Hongwei , Sun Yanbao , Zhang Ming , Xu Yufen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has globally strained medical resources and caused significant mortality. This study was aimed to develop and validate a prediction model based on clinical features to estimate the risk of patients with COVID‐19 at admission progressing to critical patients. Patients admitted to the hospital between January 16, 2020, and March 10, 2020, were retrospectively enrolled, and they were observed for at least 14 days after admission to determine whether they developed into severe pneumonia. According to the clinical symptoms, all patients were divided into four groups: mild, normal, severe, and critical. A total of 390 patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia were identified, including 212 severe patients and 178 nonsevere patients. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression reduced the variables in the model to 6, which are age, number of comorbidities, computed tomography severity score, lymphocyte count, aspartate aminotransferase, and albumin. The area under curve of the model in the training set is 0.898, and the specificity and sensitivity were 89.7% and 75.5%. The prediction model, nomogram might be useful to access the onset of severe and critical illness among COVID‐19 patients at admission, which is instructive for clinical diagnosis.
The neuroprotective effect and possible therapeutic application of xenon in neurological diseases
Authors: Zhang Mengdi , Cui Yaru , Cheng Yao , Wang Qiaoyun , Sun Hongliu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractXenon is an inert gas with stable chemical properties which is used as an anesthetic. Recentin vitroandin vivofindings indicate that xenon also elicits an excellent neuroprotective effect in subanesthetic concentrations. The mechanisms underlying this primarily involve the attenuation of excitotoxicity and the inhibition of N‐methyl‐d‐aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors and NMDA receptor‐related effects, such as antioxidative effects, reduced activation of microglia, and Ca2+‐dependent mechanisms, as well as the interaction with certain ion channels and glial cells. Based on this strong neuroprotective role, a large number of experimental and clinical studies have confirmed the significant therapeutic effect of xenon in the treatment of neurological diseases. This review summarizes the reported neuroprotective mechanisms of xenon and discusses its possible therapeutic application in the treatment of various neurological diseases.
Climate change impact on sea surface winds in Southeast Asia
Authors: Herrmann Marine , Nguyen‐Duy Tung , Ngo‐Duc Thanh , Tangang Fredolin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNumerical representation and climate projections of sea surface winds over Southeast Asia (SEA) are assessed here using an ensemble of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) downscaled simulations performed over the 20th and 21st centuries under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios within the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling EXperiment (CORDEX)‐SEA project. The ensemble is based on two regional climate models (RCMs: RegCM4 and RCA4), and CMIP5 simulations are performed with five global climate models (GCMs: CNRM_CM5, HadGEM2, GFDL, MPI‐ESM‐MR, EC‐Earth). Comparison with QuikSCAT satellite data shows that dynamical downscaling improves sea surface wind speed representation, mainly by reducing its underestimation. The level of improvement depends on the RCM choice, GCM performance, and wind strength. Our results reveal significant differences in modelled projections of sea surface wind, depending on the model, RCP, region, and season. GCMs simulate weak and contrasted changes, stronger for RCP8.5, with no clear common trend. RCA4 simulates weak changes, with high similarities between pairs, but contrasted results between RCPs. RegCM4 simulate stronger changes, with a weakening of average and intense winds for all seasons, stronger in June–August, and in RCP8.5 than in RCP4.5. RCA4 and RegCM4 simulate different changes, with no clear common trend except a weakening of seasonal and intense winds and an increase of seasonal wind interannual variability for June–August in RCP4.5, stronger for RegCM4. This corresponds to a weakening of the boreal summer monsoon and a slight increase of its interannual variability and presumably to a decrease of the tropical cyclone frequency. Differences in seasonal sea surface wind changes between models are related to differences in sea level pressure gradient changes. For a given RCM, those differences are partly related to the differences between parent GCMs. Finally, results suggest that uncertainties related to the RCM choice are larger than those related to the GCM choice.
Reliability of the posterior condylar offset
Authors: León‐Muñoz Vicente J. , Parrinello Andrea , Galloni Gianluca , Lisón‐Almagro Alonso J. , López‐López Mirian , Martínez‐Martínez Francisco , Santonja‐Medina Fernando 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe posterior condylar offset (PCO) has been proposed as a determinant of a postoperative range of motion after total knee arthroplasty, although there is no consensus. This study aimed to demonstrate the error introduced by forcing the femoral rotation to overlap both condyles for the “true” lateral X‐ray projection for the PCO measurement. We hypothesize that the angular discrepancy between the posterior femoral cortical reference plane and the posterior condylar axis plane due to rotation invalidates the acquisition of reliable measurements on X‐rays. We have measured the PCO in 50 “true” lateral X‐rays and compared it with the medial and lateral condyles PCO's assessed on a computed tomography‐scan‐based three‐dimensional (3D) model of each knee. PCO based on the 3D imaging differed significantly between the medial (25.8 ± 3.67 mm) and lateral (16.59 ± 2.92 mm) condyle. Three‐dimensional PCO values differ significantly from those determined in the radiographic studies. Also, the mean values of the medial and lateral condyle PCO measurements differed significantly (p < 0.001) with all PCO measurements on radiographs. We have identified a difference between the posterior cortical plane and the posterior condylar axis projections, both on the axial plane with a mean value of 11.23° ± 3.64°. Our data show an interplane discrepancy angle between the posterior femoral diaphyseal cortical and the posterior condylar axis plane (due to the femur's necessary rotation to overlap both condyles) may invalidate the 2D X‐ray PCO assessment as a reliable measurement.
Establishing a new body mass index cutoff value for malnutrition diagnosis using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) tool in Chinese older adults
Authors: Wang Yu , Jiang Hua , Zhu Ming‐Wei , Deng Hong‐Fei , Wang Lu , Wang Xue , Yang Guang‐Yu , Wei Jun‐Min , Chen Wei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe body weight of the Chinese population rose rapidly over the past two decades. The old 2001 body mass index (BMI) cutoff value for malnutrition may underestimate malnutrition diagnosis. We explored the BMI cutoff value for malnutrition diagnosis based on national BMI data from the past 30 years and applied it to the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria when investigating malnutrition in hospitalized older patients.MethodsTo explore the BMI cutoff value for malnutrition, we established a linear stepwise model to predict the annual increasing BMI trend based on data from the national BMI data set. The new cutoff value was applied to a large‐scale data set from a cross‐sectional study pertaining to older hospitalized patients recruited from 30 large hospitals in China.ResultsThe BMI increased from 21.8 to 23 kg/m2 in two decades. We calculated that the net BMI increase will be 1.49 kg/m2 from 1999 to 2019. We subsequently proposed that the BMI cutoff value for malnutrition should rise to 20 kg/m2. This cutoff value was applied to the validation data set, containing 8725 patients, and the GLIM‐determined malnutrition rate was 24.58% (using the Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 [NRS‐2002]) and 23.32% (using the Mini Nutritional Assessment–Short Form [MNA‐SF]). The results significantly differed from those obtained using the 2001 Chinese BMI criteria.ConclusionThe GLIM tool has good applicability in Asian populations, especially in Chinese older patients. The BMI cutoff value for malnutrition should be adjusted to 20 kg/m2 for Chinese adults.
Octanoic acid–rich enteral nutrition prevented lipopolysaccharide‐induced acute liver injury through c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase–dependent autophagy
Authors: He Kaiming , Cao Chun , Xu Xiangrong , Ye Zhenyu , Ma Xiaoming , Chen Wei , Du Peng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcute liver injury (ALI) is an essential component of sepsis associated with poor outcomes. Octanoic acid (OA), a medium‐chain fatty acid, has a protective effect on sepsis‐induced organ damage, and autophagy is an adaptive response to sepsis. However, the underlying mechanism by which OA prevents ALI remains unknown. Therefore, we investigated whether OA‐rich enteral nutrition (EN) prevented lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced ALI through the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK)‐dependent autophagy.MethodsFirstly, Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (sham, LPS, LPS + EN, and LPS + EN + OA) to detect the effect of OA‐rich EN on LPS‐induced ALI. Then, rats were randomly divided into five groups (sham, LPS, LPS + EN + OA, LPS + EN + OA + anisomycin (AN), and LPS + SP600125) to explore the mechanism by which OA‐rich EN prevented ALI. EN and OA‐rich EN were conducted through gastric tubes for 3 days. The liver protective effects were measured by liver histopathological changes, enzymes, inflammatory cytokines of serum and liver, the levels of autophagy, and JNK activity.ResultsOA‐rich EN inhibited JNK activity, up‐regulated autophagy and prevented LPS‐induced ALI. Inhibition of JNK activity conferred by SP promoted autophagy and prevented LPS‐induced ALI. Moreover, the protective effect of autophagy and inhibition of JNK activity conferred by OA‐rich EN on ALI was counteracted by AN.ConclusionOA‐rich EN prevented LPS‐induced ALI through JNK‐dependent autophagy. This result suggested that OA‐rich EN may be a therapeutic potential for ALI in patients with sepsis.
Comparative analysis of aroma compounds in French fries and palm oil at three crucial stages by GC/MS‐olfactometry, odor activity values, and aroma recombination
Authors: Xu Lirong , Chang Jiarui , Mei Xue , Zhang Youfeng , Wu Gangcheng , Jin Qingzhe , Wang Xingguo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDFlavor is a key element affecting the popularity of French fries (FFs). When oil is heated, the changes in oil quality can affect the flavor of the food directly.RESULTSThe flavor of FFs showed three crucial stages: the break‐in (3.0% to 6.8% of total polar compounds (TPC)), optimum (7.0% to 19% of TPC), and degrading (above 19.5% of TPC) stages. To distinguish the key aroma compounds in the three stages, the FFs, prepared in palm oil (PO) at TPC of 3.0% (FF3), 7.5% (FF8), 19.5% (FF20), and their relevant oils (PO3, PO8, PO20), were selected for molecular sensory science analysis. The results indicated that the concentration of (E, E)‐2,4‐decadienal linked with the deep‐fried odor was low in FF3, which led to a lower sensory score in the FF3 sample. The FF8 sample had a high (E, E)‐2,4‐decadienal content and received a high sensory score. The FF20 sample possessed high hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid (sweaty odor), benzaldehyde (stale odor), octanoic acid (sweaty odor), (E)‐2‐undecenal (fatty odor), and trans‐4,5‐epoxy‐(E)‐2‐decenal (metallic odor) content, thus leading to FFs having an undesirable flavor and PO20 showed high hexanoic acid and heptanoic acid content, contributing to a lower sensory score in PO20.CONCLUSIONThe FFs’ flavor became undesirable when TPC was above 19.5% due to significant influences of some off‐flavor compounds. It is therefore essential to prevent the generation of rancid substances to prolong the optimum stage during frying. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Bacterial communities in cascade reservoirs along a large river
Authors: Chen Qiuwen , Chen Yuchen , Yang Jun , Maberly Stephen C. , Zhang Jianyun , Ni Jinren , Wang Gangsheng , Tonina Daniele , Xiao Lin , Ma Honghai 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDam construction is widespread, changing the hydrological and biogeochemical conditions and thereby the bacterial communities in the rivers of the earth. To date, knowledge is lacking about bacterial communities in cascade reservoirs. Here, we investigated the bacterial communities and potential functions of nine cascade hydropower reservoirs in 1290 km of the upper Mekong River (Lancang River in China). Along the reservoir cascade, the water temperature, rather than the presence of dams, was the main cause for the geographical patterns of bacterial community composition. Within a reservoir, significant spatial differences in sediment bacterial communities were observed between the tail, middle, and head of a reservoir. The differences in sediment properties resulted by flow velocity‐sieved sedimentation from the tail to head of a reservoir caused the spatial variation in sediment bacteria communities, forming potential hotspots for biogeochemical cycling in the middle of the reservoir. In contrast, unlike in deep lakes and deep single reservoirs, the bacterioplankton community composition had no distinctly layered features in the deep cascade reservoirs, because density‐induced underwater currents and convection resulting from hydropower production reduced the vertical hydro‐environmental gradients. This study provides a novel perspective on the processes affecting the distribution and function of bacterial communities in river‐reservoir cascades, and is a first step toward forecasting the consequences of microbially mediated biogeochemical cycling in existing and future reservoirs worldwide.
Interest of exome sequencing trio‐like strategy based on pooled parental DNA for diagnosis and translational research in rare diseases
Authors: Tran Mau‐Them Frederic , Duffourd Yannis , Vitobello Antonio , Bruel Ange‐Line , Denommé‐Pichon Anne‐Sophie , Nambot Sophie , Delanne Julian , Moutton Sebastien , Sorlin Arthur ,   Orphanomix Physician’s Group, Couturier Victor , Bourgeois Valentin , Chevarin Martin , Poe Charlotte , Mosca‐Boidron Anne‐Laure , Callier Patrick , Safraou Hana , Faivre Laurence , Philippe Christophe , Thauvin‐Robinet Christel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundExome sequencing (ES) has become the most powerful and cost‐effective molecular tool for deciphering rare diseases with a diagnostic yield approaching 30%–40% in solo‐ES and 50% in trio‐ES. We applied an innovative parental DNA pooling method to reduce the parental sequencing cost while maintaining the diagnostic yield of trio‐ES.MethodsWe pooled six (Agilent‐CRE‐v2–100X) or five parental DNA (TWIST‐HCE–70X) aiming to detect allelic balance around 8–10% for heterozygous status. The strategies were applied as second‐tier (74 individuals after negative solo‐ES) and first‐tier approaches (324 individuals without previous ES).ResultsThe allelic balance of parental‐pool variants was around 8.97%. Sanger sequencing uncovered false positives in 1.5% of sporadic variants. In the second‐tier approach, we evaluated than two thirds of the Sanger validations performed after solo‐ES (41/59–69%) would have been saved if the parental‐pool segregations had been available from the start. The parental‐pool strategy identified a causative diagnosis in 18/74 individuals (24%) in the second‐tier and in 116/324 individuals (36%) in the first‐tier approaches, including 19 genes newly associated with human disorders.ConclusionsParental‐pooling is an efficient alternative to trio‐ES. It provides rapid segregation and extension to translational research while reducing the cost of parental and Sanger sequencing.
De novo mutation in KITLG gene causes a variant of Familial Progressive Hyper‐ and Hypo‐pigmentation (FPHH)
Authors: Gorenjak Mario , Fijačko Nino , Bogomir Marko Pij , Živanović Milanka , Potočnik Uroš 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFamilial Progressive Hyper‐ and Hypopigmentation is a pigmentary disorder characterized by a mix of hypo‐ and hyperpigmented lesions, café‐au‐lait spots and hypopigmented ash‐leaf macules. The disorder was previously linked to KITLG and various mutations have been reported to segregate in different families. Furthermore, association between KITLG mutations and malignancies was also suggested. Exome and SANGER sequencing were performed for identification of KITLG mutations. Functional in silico analyses were additionally performed to assess the findings. We identified a de novo mutation in exon 4 of KITLG gene causing NM_000899.4:c.[329A>T] (chr12:88912508A>T) leading to NP_000890.1:p.(Asp110Val) substitution in the 3rd alpha helix. It was predicted as pathogenic, located in a conserved region and causing an increase in hydrophobicity in the KITLG protein. Our findings clearly confirm an additional hot spot of KITLG mutations in the 3rd alpha helix, which very likely increases the risk of malignancies. To our knowledge the present study provides the strongest evidence of association of the KITLG mutation with both Familial Progressive Hyper‐ and Hypopigmentation and malignancy due to its’ location on somatic cancer mutation locus. Additionally we also address difficulties with classification of the unique phenotype and propose a subtype within broader diagnosis.
Using kinetic Monte Carlo simulations to design efficient magnetic nanoparticles for clinical hyperthermia
Authors: Papadopoulos Costas , Kolokithas‐Ntoukas Argiris , Moreno Roberto , Fuentes David , Loudos George , Loukopoulos Vassilios C. , Kagadis George C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to identify the properties of magnetite nanoparticles that deliver optimal heating efficiency, predict the geometrical characteristics to get these target properties, and determine the concentrations of nanoparticles required to optimize thermotherapy.MethodsKinetic Monte Carlo simulations were employed to identify the properties of magnetic nanoparticles that deliver high Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) values. Optimal volumes were determined for anisotropies ranging between 11 and 40 kJ/m3 under clinically relevant magnetic field conditions. Atomistic spin simulations were employed to determine the aspect ratios of ellipsoidal magnetite nanoparticles that deliver the target properties. A numerical model was developed using the extended cardiac‐torso (XCAT) phantom to simulate low‐field (4 kA/m) and high‐field (18 kA/m) prostate cancer thermotherapy. A stationary optimization study exploiting the Method of Moving Asymptotes (MMA) was carried out to calculate the concentration fields that deliver homogenous temperature distributions within target thermotherapy range constrained by the optimization objective function. A time‐dependent study was used to compute the thermal dose of a 30‐min session.ResultsProlate ellipsoidal magnetite nanoparticles with a volume of 3922 ± 35 nm3 and aspect ratio of 1.56, which yields an effective anisotropy of 20 kJ/m3, constituted the optimal design at current maximum clinical field properties (H0 = 18 kA/m, f = 100 kHz), with SAR = 342.0 ± 2.7 W/g, while nanoparticles with a volume of 4147 ± 36 nm3, aspect ratio of 1.29, and effective anisotropy 11 kJ/m3 were optimal for low‐field applications (H0 = 4 kA/m, f = 100 kHz), with SAR = 50.2 ± 0.5 W/g. The average concentration of 3.86 ± 0.10 and 0.57 ± 0.01 mg/cm3 at 4 and 18 kA/m, respectively, were sufficient to reach therapeutic temperatures of 42–44°C throughout the prostate volume. The thermal dose delivered during a 30‐min session exceeded 5.8 Cumulative Equivalent Minutes at 43°C within 90% of the prostate volume (CEM43T90).ConclusionThe optimal properties and design specifications of magnetite nanoparticles vary with magnetic field properties. Application‐specific magnetic nanoparticles or nanoparticles that are optimized at low fields are indicated for optimal thermal dose delivery at low concentrations.
Insertable inductively coupled volumetric coils for MR microscopy in a human 7T MR system
Authors: Okada Tomohisa , Handa Shinya , Ding Bill , Urayama Shin‐ichi , Fujimoto Koji , Shima Atsushi , Yoshii Daisuke , Ayaki Takashi , Sawamoto Nobukatsu , Takahashi Ryosuke , Onoe Hirotaka , Isa Tadashi , Petropoulos Labros 
Published: November 2021

PurposeTo demonstrate the capability of insertable inductively coupled volumetric coils for MR microscopy in a human 7T MR system.MethodsInsertable inductively coupled volume coils with diameters of 26 and 64 mm (D26 and D64 coils) targeted for monkey and mouse brain specimen sizes were designed and fabricated. These coils were placed inside the imaging volume of a transmit/receive knee coil without wired connections to the main system. Signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) evaluations were conducted with and without the insertable coils, and the g‐factor maps of parallel imaging (PI) were also calculated for the D64 coil. Brain specimens were imaged using 3D ‐weighted images with spatial resolution of isotropic 50 and 160 μm using D26 and D64 coils, respectively.ResultsRelative average (SD) SNRs compared with knee coil alone were 12.54 (0.30) and 2.37 (0.05) at the center for the D26 and D64 coils, respectively. The mean g‐factors of PI with the D64 coil for the factor of 2 were less than 1.1 in the left‐right and anterior‐posterior directions, and around 1.5 in the superior‐inferior direction or when the PI factor of 3 was used. Acceleration in two directions showed lower g‐factors but suffered from intrinsic low SNR. Representative ‐weighted images of the specimen showed structural details.ConclusionInductively coupled small diameter coils insertable to the knee coil demonstrated high SNR and modest PI capability. The concept was successfully used to visualize fine structures of the brain specimen. The insertable coils are easy to handle and enable MR microscopy in a human whole‐body 7T MRI system.