bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Health-related Quality of Life Among Thalassemia Patients, 2020, Sana’a-Yemen
Authors: Gafer Abdullah Ali , Al-Rabeei Nabil Ahmed , Al-Awar Mohammed Sadeg 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Identifying and understanding the variables that influence health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with thalassemia is critical to creating more appropriate clinical, counseling, and social support programs to develop treatment results for these individuals. The purpose of this investigation is to investigate the variables that are related with HRQOL in thalassemic patients in Yemen. Methods: From July to September 2020, a descriptive, cross-sectional investigation was carried out among Thalassemia patients who attended the Yemen Society for Thalassemia. a total of 344 individuals with Thalassemia between the ages of 5 and 18 years old. Data were gathered by utilizing the Pediatric Quality of Life 4.0 as face to face interview with children and their parents. The scale consisted of four domains (Physical, emotional, social, and school functioning) and other related demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients. coefficient tests as appropriate. Two-tailed, p-value <0.05 was regarded statistically considerable.Results:The findings of the investigation displayed that the Thalassemia patients were males with a percentage of (54.9%)Thetotal HRQoL mean score was found to be (50.6±16.5) with the highest mean scores in the social (69.3±20.2) and emotional (55.9±20.7) functioning domains. There was correlation between age, education, residency, and total HRQoL scores, which was statistically significant (P-value<0.05). There was correlation between iron overload complications, pre-transfusion Hb level, received iron chelation, and total HRQoL scores (P-value<0.05).Conclusions:Appropriate programs focused at providing psychological support to thalassemia patients are needed to improve their HRQoL. The results also supported the significance of keeping a pretransfusion hemoglobin level of at least 9-10.5 g/dL prior to the transfusion procedure.
Climate-driven shifts in kelp forest composition reduce carbon sequestration potential
Authors: Wright Luka , Pessarrodona Albert , Foggo Andy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The potential contribution of kelp to blue carbon sinks is currently of great interest. In the Northeast Atlantic, kelp forest composition is changing due to climate-driven poleward range shifts of cold temperate Laminaria digitata and L. hyperborea and warm temperate L. ochroleuca. To understand how this might affect carbon sequestration potential, we quantified interspecific differences in carbon export and decomposition alongside changes in detrital photophysiology and biochemistry. We found that warm temperate kelp decomposes up to 155% faster than its boreal congeners, likely due to lower carbon and polyphenolic content. Faster decomposition further causes its detrital photosynthetic apparatus to be overwhelmed after 20 d and lose integrity after 36 d, while cold temperate species maintain carbon assimilation. Besides climate-driven phase shifts, heatwaves, forest miniaturisation, decompositional acceleration and coastal darkening, compositional change such as the predicted dominance of L. ochroleuca will likely reduce the carbon sequestration potential of these temperate forests.
Fine-tuning of the Grain Size by Alternative Splicing of GS3 in Rice
Authors: Liu Lei , Zhou Ying , Mao Feng , Gu Yujuan , Tang Ziwei , Xin Yi , Liu Fuxia , Tang Tang , Gao Hui , Zhao Xiangxiang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Grain size is subtly regulated by multiple signaling pathways in rice. Alternative splicing is a general mechanism that regulates gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. However, to our knowledge, the molecular mechanism underlying grain size regulation by alternative splicing is largely unknown. GS3, the first identified QTL for grain size in rice, is regulated at the transcriptional and post-translational level. In this study, we identified that GS3 is subject to alternative splicing. GS3.1 and GS3.2, two dominant isoforms, accounts for about 50% and 40% of total transcripts, respectively. GS3.1 encodes the full-length protein, while GS3.2 generated a truncated proteins only containing OSR domain due to a 14 bp intronic sequence retention. Genetic analysis revealed that GS3.1 overexpressors decreased grain size, but GS3.2 showed no significant effect on grain size. Furthermore, we demonstrated that GS3.2 disrupts GS3.1 signaling by competitive occupation of RGB1. Therefore, we draw a conclusion that the alternative splicing of GS3 decreases the amount of GS3.1 and GS3.2 disrupts the GS3.1 signaling to inhibit the negative effects of GS3.1 to fine-tune grain size. Moreover, the mechanism is conserved in cereals rather than in Cruciferae, which is associated with its effects on grain size. The results provide a novel, conserved and important mechanism underlying grain size regulation at the post-transcriptional level in cereals.
The Cost of Caring: Compassion Fatigue Among Peer Workers in Overdose Response Settings in British Columbia
Authors: Mamdani Zahra , McKenzie Sophie , Ackermann Emma , Voyer Rayne , Cameron Fred , Scott Tracy , Pauly Bernadette (Bernie) , Buxton Jane A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

The drug toxicity crisis has had dramatic impacts upon communities of people who use substances. Peer workers, individuals with lived/living experience of substance use who work in overdose response settings, are particularly susceptible to negative impacts on wellbeing caused by this crisis. Coupled with the devastating effects of the COVID-19 pandemic including reduced capacity and hours of overdose prevention services and physical distancing regulations, the burden placed upon peers is large. However, these mental health impacts have yet to be studied and measured.
Methods

The Professional Quality of Life Scale survey (Version 5) was taken by 47 peer workers between September 2020 and March 2021 to assess compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue. It was administered as a part of a larger survey administered by peer research assistants - to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions identified and implemented through a peer-led project. Some questions from the tool were also asked prior to implementation of the intervention (September 2020). Participants were recruited by their organizational managers and paid a $25 honorarium.
Results

Our study uncovered a HIGH mean score for compassion satisfaction, a LOW mean score for burnout, and a MEDIUM mean score for secondary traumatic stress among peers working in overdose response settings in British Columbia. We also found changes before and after implementation of the intervention. After implementation, peer workers felt more satisfied from their work, more connected to others, less worn out and were less affected by the traumatic stress of those they help.
Conclusion

Although peers derive significant pleasure and fulfillment from their jobs, i.e., compassion satisfaction, they also face considerable feelings of overwhelmingness, i.e. burnout, and stress due to continuous exposure to the trauma of the people they support, i.e. secondary traumatic stress. These results lay the groundwork for further research on the intersectional factors contributing to negative mental health impacts upon peer workers and highlight potential strategies that bolster the fulfillment they derive from their jobs.
Borderline Personality Disorder and the Big Five: Molecular Genetic Analyses Indicate Shared Genetic Architecture with Neuroticism and Openness
Authors: Streit Fabian , Witt Stephanie , Awasthi Swapnil , Foo Jerome , Jungkunz Martin , Frank Josef , Colodro-Conde Lucia , Hindley Guy , Smeland Olav , Maslahati Tolou , Schwarze Cornelia , Schott Björn , Hartmann Annette , Giegling Ina , Zillich Lea , Sirignano Lea , Poisel Eric , Chen Chi-Hua , Nöthen Markus , Mobascher Arian , Rujescu Dan , Lieb Klaus , Dahmen Norbert , Roepke Stefan , Schmahl Christian , Bohus Martin , Ripke Stephan , Rietschel Marcella , Andreassen Ole 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Both environmental (e.g. interpersonal traumatization during childhood and adolescence) and genetic factors may contribute to the development of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Twin studies assessing borderline personality symptoms/features in the general population indicate that genetic factors underlying these symptoms/features are shared in part with the personality traits of the Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality – the “Big Five". In the present study, the genetic overlap of BPD with the Big Five -Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism- was assessed. Linkage disequilibrium score regression was used to calculate genetic correlations between a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in central European populations on BPD (N = 2,543) and GWAS on the “Big Five” (N = 76,551–122,886, Neuroticism N = 390,278). Significant positive genetic correlations were found between BPD and the traits Neuroticism (rg=.34, p=6.3*10−5) and Openness (rg=.24, p=.036), but not between BPD and the other personality traits (all |rg|<.14, all p>.30). A cluster and item-level analysis showed positive correlations with the Neuroticism clusters “Depressed Affect” and “Worry”, and with a broad range of Neuroticism items (N = 348,219 – 376,352). The observed associations indicate a partially shared genetic background of BPD and the personality traits Neuroticism and Openness. Larger GWAS of BPD and the “Big Five” are needed to further explore the role of personality traits in the etiology of this disorder.
Minimal bone resorption after open treatment of mandibular condylar head fractures
Authors: Neuhaus Michael-Tobias , Gellrich Nils-Claudius , Zeller Alexander-Nicolai , Bartella Alexander Karl-Heinz , Sander Anna Katharina , Lethaus Bernd , Halama Dirk , Zimmerer Rüdiger Martin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Open treatment of condylar base and neck fractures is widely recommended, whereas treatment of condylar head fractures is still controversial and just is removal of osteosynthesis material. In this study, bone resorption and remodelling after open treatment of condylar head fractures were three-dimensionally (3D) assessed and correlated with clinical parameters in a medium follow-up. Of 18 patients with 25 condylar head fractures who underwent open reduction and internal fixation, clinical data and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) datasets were analysed. Condylar processes were segmented in the postoperative and follow-up CBCT scans. Volumetric and linear changes were measured using a sophisticated 3D-algorithm. In the course after surgery, patients function and pain improved significantly. Low rates of postoperative complications were observed. All 3D measurements showed no significant bone resorption during the follow-up period. Open reduction of condylar head fractures leads to good patients outcomes and low rates of long-term complications. This study underlines the feasibility and importance of open treatment of condylar head fractures and may help to spread its acceptance as the preferred treatment option.
Regular Exercise Training Enhances Spatial Memory and Regulates Glucocorticoid System in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Hafedh Muthanna , Parnow Abdolhossein , Jalili Cyrus , Patel Darpan I. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background & objective: Exercise has been show to improve cognitive function in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Experimentally, glucocorticoids (GCs) treatment has been observed to improve cognitive deterioration in an autoimmune model for MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).We aimed to determine the combined effect of exercise and 4 mg/kg of dexamethasone (Dex) for 4 weeks on spatial memory in EAE.Materials & Methods: Rats with EAE were subjected to the Morris water maze (MWM) for four days and a prop test for one day. The prop test was repeated on day 40 post-induction (dpi).Rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups (10 rats per group): control EAE without treatment; EAE + dexamethasone, (EAE + Dex); EAE + exercise (EAE + Ex); and EAE+Dex+Ex . Rats receiving dexamethasone were administered 4 mg/kg injections daily for two weeks after EAE induction. We initiated exercise on a motorized treadmill 2 weeks before EAE induction and continued until 14 dpi. On day 41 animals were dissected and CORT level was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay corticosterone kit. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures followed by a protected LSD post hoc test.Results: indicated that, EAE+Ex group increased body weight (P < 0.001) and it displayed a significantly lower CORT concentration (P <0.001) with delayed the clinical score until day 13dpi. Further EAE+Ex improved memory by time spent (p > 0.001) and swimming speed (p>0.002).Conclusions : The protocol selected in this study was as effective treatment for the EAE model to improve spatial memory and regulate corticosterone concentrations.
Describing long-term opioid use utilizing Nordic Prescription Registers – A Norwegian example
Authors: Hamina Aleksi , Hjellvik Vidar , Handal Marte , Odsbu Ingvild , Skurtveit Svetlana 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Previous studies have defined long-term opioid use in varying ways, decreasing comparability, reproducibility and clinical applicability of the research. Based on recent systematic reviews, we aimed to estimate long-term opioid use defined as use persisting more than three months using one of the Nordic prescription registers. We used the Norwegian Prescription Register (NorPD) to extract data on all opioid dispensations between January 1st 2004 and October 31st 2019. New users of opioids (washout 365 days) were defined as long-term users if they filled two criteria: 1) they had ≥2 dispensations of opioids, 91-180 days apart; 2) days 0-90 included ≥90 dispensed administration units (e.g., tablets) of opioids. Overall, there were 2,543,224 new users of opioids during the study period. Of these, 354,666 (13.9%) filled the criteria for long-term opioid use at least once. Compared to those who did not fill the criteria (short-term users), long-term users were older, more likely women, and used tramadol, oxycodone, and buprenorphine more frequently as their first opioid. In conclusion, we found that 1/7 of opioid users continued use longer than 3 months. Future outcome research should identify the clinically most important dose requirements for long-term opioid use criteria.
Ionic liquid-based multi-stage sugaring-out extraction of lactic acid from actual lignocellulosic fermentation broth
Authors: Sun Yaqin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this study, ionic liquid-based sugaring-out extraction was developed to separate lactic acid from the synthetic solution and actual lignocellulosic fermentation broth. Except for [EOHmim]BF4, the ILs with BF4− and OTF− anion can form aqueous two-phase (ATP) systems with the aid of saccharides. With the same kind of saccharides, the ATP formation ability of ILs could be promoted by increasing the side-chain length of ILs in the order of [Hmim]BF4 ≈ [Bmim]BF4 ˃ [Emim]BF4 due to the decrease in ILs’ kosmotropicity. On the other hand, for the same type of ILs, an ATP system was formed more easily with glucose than with xylose. When IL concentration varied from 35% (w/w) to 40% (w/w) at a low glucose concentration of 15% (w/w), an interesting phase reversal was observed. When lactic acid was undissociated at pH 2.0, 51.8% LA and 92.3% [Bmim]BF4 were partitioned to the top phase, and 97.0% glucose to the bottom phase using an ATP system consisting of 25% (w/w) glucose and 45% (w/w) IL. The total recovery of LA would increase to 89.0% in three-stage sugaring-out extraction from synthetic solution. In three-stage sugaring-out extraction from the filtered and unfiltered fermentation broth obtained via simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) of acid-pretreated corn stover by microbial consortium, the total recovery of LA was 89.5% and 89.8%, respectively. Furthermore, the total removal ratio of cells and pigments from the unfiltered broth was 68.4% and 65.4%, respectively. The results support IL-based sugaring-out extraction as a potential method for the recovery of lactic acid from actual fermentation broth.
Mediators involved in tooth resorption following delayed replantation: an experimental study
Authors: Silva Léa , Longo Daniele , Oliveira Fernanda Maria , Segato Raquel , Barbizam João , Cohenca Nestor , Paula-Silva Francisco 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Inflammatory and replacement tooth resorption are common outcomes following tooth replantation, biological mediators involved in these processes are widely unknown. The aim study was to investigate molecules involved in tooth resorption following permanent tooth avulsion and delayed replantation. Dog premolars were extracted and kept dry for 20, 60 and 90 minutes (n= 30). The teeth were replanted, splinted. After 120 days, the animals were euthanized and tissues were removed for histological processing. Slides were stained for microscopic analysis, submitted to tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) histoenzymology and immunostained for RANK, RANKL, OPG, alkaline phosphatase and periostin. Data obtained were submitted to statistical analysis using the chi-square, Fisher and one-way ANOVA tests (alpha= 0.05). In inflammatory resorption areas, TRAP + and RANK + osteoclasts surrounding the replanted teeth were identified, regardless of the extra-alveolar time. RANKL synthesis in this region was higher in longer extra-alveolar times and was more intense after keeping the tooth dry for 90 minutes compared to other periods. In the replacement reabsorption area, there was lower synthesis of periostin and higher alkaline phosphatase production. Inflammatory resorption was characterized by osteoclast recruitment and RANKL synthesis and replacement resorption was characterized by inhibition of periostin and alkaline phosphatase syntheses.
Grinding Force and Heat of Titanium Alloy Abrasive Belt and Its Effect on Surface Integrity
Authors: Liu Ying , Xu Jiayu , Xiao Guijian , Zhou Kun , Liu Gang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Key rotating parts such as integral blisks and blades of aero-engines are widely made of titanium alloys. Abrasive belt grinding is one of the effective methods to improve the surface integrity. However, the grinding process produces greater grinding force and higher Grinding temperature,which have an impact on surface quality. At present, the force-heat coupling relationship in the grinding process and its influence on surface quality have not been explored. In this paper, a titanium alloy belt experiment is carried out to detect the force and temperature in the grinding process, this paper explores the influence of the grinding process parameters on the grinding force and temperature, and analyzes the influence on surface integrity of the force and temperature in the grinding process. The results show that the decrease of the belt linear speed, the increase of the feed speed and the grinding depth leads to the increase of the grinding force, the decrease of the feed speed, the increase of the belt linear speed and the grinding depth cause the temperature to rise. The effect of grinding depth on grinding force and grinding temperature is the most significant. And High grinding force and grinding temperature will cause the surface quality to deteriorate and even more serious defects. However, when the maximum temperature of the grinding temperature field reaches above 120°C, the surface roughness of the workpiece decreases from 1.596μm to 1.093μm, and the height of the surface undulation is reduced from 32μm to 19μm. This paper provides a reference for improving the surface integrity of the grinding process.
Determining the Impacts of Educational Intervention based on PLST Extended Care model on Caregiving Methods and Improved Exposure to Challenging Behaviors of People with Dementia (PWD): A mixed-methods study
Authors: Zamani-Alavijeh Fereshteh , Zahed Shakiba , Emami Maryam , Bazargan-Hejazi Shahrzad , Barekatain Majid , Hassanzadeh Akbar , Eslami Ahmad Ali 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Psychological events in People with Dementia (PWD) lead to behavioral disorders which require targeted planning for caregivers on how to adapt to these behaviors. Progressively lowered stress threshold (PLST) model provides effective interventions for caregivers to adapt to the behaviors of People with Dementia (PWD). Therefore, this study aims to determine the impacts of educational intervention based on the progressively lowered Stress threshold extended (PLSTE) model on the caregiving of People with Dementia (PWD) in Isfahan, Iran. Methods: This exploratory mixed methods study was initially conducted with a qualitative approach to content analysis type from May 2016 to June 2018. Data were collected in a qualitative stage through in-depth non-structured interviews with 29 People with Dementia (PWD)'s caregivers using the "new comment" command in a word and then analyzed. The researcher designed a multi-sectional questionnaire, including demographic characteristics, knowledge measurement, and monitoring the practice of caregivers. The validity of the questionnaire was verified by the panel of experts and its reliability was confirmed using the Cronbach alpha coefficient (knowledge section 0.838 and practice section 0.802). To adjust the intervention program, the educational content based on the PLSTE model was used for 38 caregivers available at two elderly nursing centers in Isfahan. The data were collected immediately and one month after the educational intervention using a questionnaire. Results: According to the results of the qualitative section of this study, the researcher was able to add a cultural and belief class, and then the related Intervention method to the PLST model. In the quantitative part, paired t-test indicated that the mean scores of knowledge, caregiving practice, and exposure to Challenging Behaviors (CB) in all dimensions of practice immediately and one a month after intervention were significantly higher than the mean scores before intervention (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Considering the impacts of this intervention, educating the caregivers with PLST extended the care model is recommended, with a specific focus on cultural and traditional issues of the society, to improve knowledge and practice of caregivers in caregiving skills and appropriate exposure to Challenging Behaviors People with Dementia (CBPWD). Trial registration No. IRCT20180421039370N1 -2019-01-11-http://www.irct.ir