bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced fracture load of dental implants after implantoplasty with different instrumentation sequences. An in vitro study
Authors: Jorio Isabelle C. , Stawarczyk Bogna , Attin Thomas , Schmidlin Patrick R. , Sahrmann Philipp 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the mechanical stability of implants after implantoplasty and thermocyclic loading, the residual thickness of the instrumented areas and neighbouring tooth injury due to implantoplasty.Materials and MethodsUsing a phantom head simulator and maxillary model implants were subjected to an implantoplasty procedure. Thirty implants were randomly assigned to receive one of three instrumentation sequences. After instrumentation, injury on neighbouring teeth was assessed. Instrumented implants and non‐instrumented controls were subjected to 1.2 million cycles of thermo‐mechanical loading in a chewing machine. Afterwards, maximum fracture load for all implants and an additional five pristine control implants was tested.ResultsGenerally, damage of neighbour teeth was a frequent finding (33 ± 56% of all cases) with considerable inter‐group differences. No considerable inter‐group difference for the residual implant thickness was found for different areas assessed. No implant fractured during cyclic loading. Fracture load was reduced after cyclic loading of uninstrumented implants from 2,724 ± 70 N to 2,299 ± 127 N, and after implantoplasty to 1,737 ± 165 N, while no effect by the instrumentation sequence could be observed.ConclusionsBoth implantoplasty and cyclic loading were shown to reduce the implants' maximum bending strength. Cyclic loading in a laboratory masticator, simulating a five‐year equivalent of chewing, did not result in fractured implants. Since neighbouring tooth injury was assessed often, care should be taken with the selection of suitable instruments.
Comparison of two sample collection devices for anal cytology in HIV‐positive men who have sex with men: Cytology brush and Dacron swab
Authors: Silva‐Klug Ana C. , Saumoy Maria , Baixeras Nuria , Trenti Loris , Catala Isabel , Vidal August , Torres Montserrat , Alemany Laia , Videla Sebastián , De San Jose Silvia , Podzamczer Daniel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveHIV‐positive men who have sex with men (MSM) are a vulnerable group for anal cancer (AC), a cancer with a well‐described precursor lesion, which can be detected early in screening programs using anal liquid‐based cytology (aLBC). We aim to compare two aLBC sample collection devices: cytology brush (CB) and Dacron swab (DS).MethodsRetrospective analysis of two consecutive study periods, the first using CB and the second DS. Participants underwent an aLBC, a human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA test and a high‐resolution anoscopy (HRA), and a biopsy was performed for suspicious lesions. The sensitivity and specificity of aLBC, area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), and concordance between cytology and HRA were assessed using Cohen’s kappa coefficient.ResultsA total of 239 participants were enrolled (CB group, 120; DS group, 119). aLBC was benign in 46% of samples, and high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) was detected in 11.7%. Prevalence of biopsy‐proven HSIL was 15.3%. No differences in cytological and histological results were observed between the groups. aLBC‐HRA concordance was weak for benign results (CB group, k = 0.309; DS group, k = 0.350) as well as for HSIL (k = 0.321 and 0.387, respectively). Sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 51.4%, respectively, in the CB group and 88% and 54.3% in the DS group (AUC = 0.711 and 0.759, respectively,P‐value = .514). Representation of the transformation zone (TZ) was adequate in 83.3% of samples in the CB group and 50.4% in the DS group (P‐value <.001).ConclusionOur data suggest that both devices had similar accuracy to detect anal HSIL, although samples collected with CB are more likely to have an adequate TZ representation, the presence of which could be an indicator of sample quality.
Cefaleia em Salvas em Crianças e Adolescentes: Uma revisão sistemática de relatos de casos
Authors: Mesquita Araújo Nogueira Bastos Sarah Nilkece , Freire Barbosa Bárbara Louise , Silva Sângela Fernandes , Krymchantowski Ana Gabriela , Jevoux Carla , Krymchantowski Abouch , Silva‐Néto Raimundo Pereira 
Published: May 2021

OBJETIVODescrever as características clínicas e as melhores opções terapêuticas para cefaleia em salvas na idade pediátrica.MÉTODOCom base em pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados médicos PubMed, LiLacs e WoS e usando descritores selecionados, analisamos todos os relatos de casos de cefaleia em salvas em idade pediátrica publicados de 1990 a 2020.RESULTADOSCinquenta e um pacientes (29 meninos e 22 meninas) com idade média (DP) de 9 anos e 7 meses (3 anos e 10 meses), variando de 2 a 16 anos, foram diagnosticados com cefaleia em salvas. O diagnóstico médio (DP) foi feito 27,8 meses (26,2 meses) após o início da cefaleia em salvas. A dor ocorreu à noite ou ao despertar (76,5%), uma a três crises por dia (62,7%), com duração de 30‐120 minutos (68,6%), localizada unilateralmente (90,2%), de caráter pulsátil (64,7%) e intensidade severa (100%). Houve manifestações autonômicas (90,2%), predominantemente ipsilaterais à dor, nesta ordem: lacrimejamento, injeção conjuntival, congestão nasal, ptose, edema palpebral e rinorreia. Sumatriptano e inalação de oxigênio foram os tratamentos agudos mais eficazes. Na profilaxia, corticosteroides, verapamil e gabapentina foram os medicamentos mais eficazes.INTERPRETAÇÃODevido ao pequeno número de estudos publicados, esta revisão não foi capaz de fornecer dados confiáveis, mas parece que a cefaleia em salvas em crianças e adolescentes é semelhante à do adulto, tanto nas características clínicas quanto no tratamento.
O que este artigo acrescenta

A cefaleia em salvas em idade pediátrica ainda é pouco estudada.

A cefaleia em salvas é incomum antes de 10 anos.

O diagnóstico é difícil nos primeiros anos de vida.

O tratamento é semelhante em adultos.

A eficácia do tratamento profilático é baseada apenas na experiência dos autores.
The retinopathy‐derived HbA1c threshold of 6.5% for type 2 diabetes also captures the risk of diabetic nephropathy in NHANES
Authors: Atkin Stephen L. , Butler Alexandra E. , Hunt Steven C. , Kilpatrick Eric S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo determine if an HbA1c diagnostic threshold of less than 6.5% (<48 mmol/mol) could be identified based on a urinary albumin‐creatinine ratio (UACR) of 30 mg/g or higher in subjects not known to have diabetes.MethodsA UACR was measured for 20 158 participants in the 2011‐2018 nationally representative cross‐sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES; cycles 7‐10 inclusive).ResultsThere was a significant trend for an increasing risk with a UACR of 30 mg/g or higher across increasing HbA1c categories (P < .0001). This trend was mainly attributable to the high prevalence of raised UACR in the 7.0% or higher HbA1c subgroup of subjects not previously diagnosed with diabetes. None of the odds ratios in the lower HbA1c subgroups versus the HbA1c subgroup of less than 5.0% reached significance. There were racial/ethnic differences in UACR risk (P < .0001), with White and Black subjects exhibiting little increased risk (vs. HbA1c <5.0%) until they reached an HbA1c of 7.0%, while Asian and Hispanic subjects showed some increased, but non‐significant, risks at lower HbA1c levels. Maximizing the area under receiver operating characteristic curves from logistic regressions predicted an ideal HbA1c threshold of 5.8%, but there was little variation in area from 5.5% to 7.0%.ConclusionA clinically useful diagnostic threshold below 6.5% for HbA1c for elevated UACR risk was not identified, with an increased risk only obvious at an HbA1c of 7.0% or higher. Thus, the retinopathy‐derived HbA1c threshold of 6.5% also captures the risk of diabetic nephropathy in NHANES.
Theta and alpha power across fast and slow timescales in cognitive control
Authors: Huycke Pieter , Verbeke Pieter , Boehler C. Nico , Verguts Tom 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTheta and alpha frequency neural oscillations are important for learning and cognitive control, but their exact role has remained obscure. In particular, it is unknown whether they operate at similar timescales, and whether they support different cognitive processes. We recorded EEG in 30 healthy human participants while they performed a learning task containing both novel (block‐unique) and repeating stimuli. We investigated behavior and electrophysiology at both fast (i.e., within blocks) and slow (i.e., between blocks) timescales. Behaviorally, both response time and accuracy improved (respectively decrease and increase) over both fast and slow timescales. However, on the spectral level, theta power significantly decreased along the slow timescale, whereas alpha power significantly increased along the fast timescale. We thus demonstrate that theta and alpha both play a role during learning, but operate at different timescales. This result poses important empirical constraints for theories on learning, cognitive control, and neural oscillations.
The pruritogenic role of the type 2 immune response in diseases associated with chronic itch
Authors: Ingrasci Giuseppe , Lipman Zoe M. , Hawash Ahmed A. , Girolomoni Giampiero , Yosipovitch Gil 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhile there is a vast array of aetiologies that may lead to chronic pruritus, recent data suggests that many of these conditions share similar interactions between keratinocytes, nerves, and the immune system. Specifically, the type 2 immune response, including Th2 T Cells and their related cytokines, has been noted to play a major role in the development of pruritus in a variety of itchy conditions. To date, atopic dermatitis is the most striking example of this pathogenesis. However, the body of literature supporting its role in many other itchy conditions, including other inflammatory, bullous, as well as systemic diseases, continues to grow. In addition, new treatments targeting this type 2 immune system continue to be developed and investigated. In the current review, we present the current body of literature supporting the role of the type 2 immune response in itchy conditions beyond atopic dermatitis as well as potential therapeutic options that target this pathway for chronic itch.
How I investigate dysgranulopoiesis
Authors: Shekhar Roshini , Srinivasan Vishrut K. , Pai Swati 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDysgranulopoiesis is a condition in which granulocytic production is defective and is most often described in neoplastic conditions. However, it can also be frequently seen in non‐neoplastic conditions. Early suspicion and detection of these non‐neoplastic causes may prevent further invasive and expensive interventions. In this review, we take a look at the various causes of dysgranulopoiesis with an emphasis on non‐neoplastic etiologies, followed by a detailed outline of the laboratory approach for determining its many causes.
Determination of microwave drying and rehydration kinetics of green peppers with the bioactive and textural properties
Authors: Darıcı Merve , Süfer Özge , Simsek Meric 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of microwaves on drying and rehydration kinetics of green pepper varieties (sweet, green, and bell) and the bioactive and textural properties of dried and rehydrated peppers. Drying was performed at 90, 180, and 90 + 180 W and dried peppers were rehydrated at 25, 50, and 70°C. The best drying fits were obtained using the equations of both Sigmoid and Hii et al. for drying, and two term exponential decay was the most appropriate model for rehydration. The lowest and highest final rehydration ratio values were obtained for the peppers dried at 180 and 90 W, respectively at each temperature and pepper variety. Among peppers, bell pepper showed the lowest color change (ΔE) and it was the most potent to recover initial color in rehydration. Peppers had softer texture in both drying and rehydration treatment. Total phenolic content of peppers was reduced around 56–65% compared to the fresh pepper by drying and this decrement was reached up to 87% in rehydrated peppers. Results showed that drying at 180 W and rehydration at 70°C provided faster drying and rehydration as well maintained the quality characteristics of green peppers.
TA allele of rs2070673 in the CYP2E1 gene is associated with lobular inflammation and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with biopsy‐proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Ma Hong‐Lei , Chen Sui‐Dan , Zheng Kenneth I , Yu Yue , Wang Xin‐Xin , Tang Liang‐Jie , Li Gang , Rios Rafael S , Huang Ou‐Yang , Zheng Xiao‐Yong , Xu Ren‐Ai , Targher Giovanni , Byrne Christopher D , Wang Xiao‐Dong , Chen Yong‐Ping , Zheng Ming‐Hua 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and AimCytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) plays a role in lipid metabolism, and by increasing hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation, the upregulation of CYP2E1 is involved in development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We aimed to explore the relationship between CYP2E1‐333A>T (rs2070673) and the histological severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).MethodsWe studied 438 patients with biopsy‐proven NAFLD. NASH was defined as NAFLD Activity Score ≥ 5 with existence of steatosis, ballooning, and lobular inflammation. CYP2E1‐333A>T (rs2070673) was genotyped by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry. Serum cytokines related to inflammation were measured by the Bio‐plex 200 system to investigate possible mediating factors involved in the process.ResultsThe TA genotype of rs2070673 had a higher prevalence of moderate/severe lobular inflammation (27.6% vs 20.3% vs 13.3%, P < 0.01) and NASH (55.7% vs 42.4% vs 40.5%, P < 0.01) compared with the AA and TT genotypes, respectively. In multivariable regression modeling, the heterozygote state TA was associated with moderate/severe lobular inflammation (adjusted odds ratio: 2.31, 95% confidence interval 1.41–3.78, P < 0.01) or NASH (adjusted odds ratio: 1.82, 95% confidence interval 1.22–2.69, P < 0.01), independently of age, sex, common metabolic risk factors, and presence of liver fibrosis. Compared with no‐NASH, NASH patients had significantly higher levels of serum interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist, interleukin‐18, and interferon‐inducible protein‐10 (IP‐10), whereas only IP‐10 was increased with the rs2070673 TA variant (P = 0.01). Mediation analysis showed that IP‐10 was responsible for ~60% of the association between the rs2070672 and NASH.ConclusionsThe TA allele of rs2070673 is strongly associated with lobular inflammation and NASH, and this effect appears to be largely mediated by serum IP‐10 levels.
The adenosine A2Areceptor alleviates postoperative delirium‐like behaviors by restoring blood cerebrospinal barrier permeability in rats
Authors: Chen Lei , Zhou Ying , Wang Jiayu , Li Ke , Zhang Zongze , Peng Mian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPostoperative delirium (POD) is a common post‐operative complication in elderly patients that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, the neuropathogenesis of this complication remains unknown. The blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCB) and brain–blood barrier (BBB) are composed of tight junctions between cells that form physical barriers, and BBB damage plays an important role in the neuropathogenesis of POD. Nevertheless, the role of BCB in POD remains to be elucidated. Herein, we investigated the effect of adenosine A2Areceptor (A2AR), a key regulator of the permeability of barriers, on surgery‐induced increased permeability of BCB and POD‐like behaviors. Open field, buried food, and Y maze tests were used to evaluate behavioral changes in rats after surgery. Levels of tight junction proteins, adherens junction proteins, A2AR, GTP‐RhoA, and ROCK2 in the choroid plexus were assessed by western blotting. The concentrations of NaFI and FITC‐dextran in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were detected by fluorescence spectrophotometry. Transmission electron microscopy was applied to observe the ultrastructure of the choroid plexus. Surgery/anesthesia decreased the levels of tight junction (e.g., ZO‐1, occludin, and claudin1) proteins, increased concentrations of NaFI and FITC‐dextran in CSF, damaged the ultrastructure of choroid plexus, and induced POD‐like behaviors in rats. An A2AR antagonist alleviated POD‐like behaviors in rats. Furthermore, the A2AR antagonist increased the levels of tight junction proteins and restored the permeability of BCB in rats with POD. Fasudil, a selective Rho‐associated protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) inhibitor, ameliorated POD‐like behaviors induced by A2AR activation. Moreover, fasudil also abolished the increased levels of GTP‐RhoA/ROCK2, decreased levels of tight junction proteins, and increased permeability of BCB caused by A2AR activation. Our findings demonstrate that A2AR might participate in regulating BCB permeability in rats with POD via the RhoA/ROCK2 signaling pathway, which suggests the potential of A2AR as a therapeutic target for POD.image
Gene therapy for ischaemic heart disease and heart failure
Authors: Korpela H. , Järveläinen N. , Siimes S. , Lampela J. , Airaksinen J. , Valli K. , Turunen M. , Pajula J. , Nurro J. , Ylä‐Herttuala S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGene therapy has been expected to become a novel treatment method since the structure of DNA was discovered in 1953. The morbidity from cardiovascular diseases remains remarkable despite the improvement of percutaneous interventions and pharmacological treatment, underlining the need for novel therapeutics. Gene therapy‐mediated therapeutic angiogenesis could help those who have not gained sufficient symptom relief with traditional treatment methods. Especially patients with severe coronary artery disease and heart failure could benefit from gene therapy. Some clinical trials have reported improved myocardial perfusion and symptom relief in CAD patients, but few trials have come up with disappointing negative results. Translating preclinical success into clinical applications has encountered difficulties in successful transduction, study design, endpoint selection, and patient selection and recruitment. However, promising new methods for transducing the cells, such as retrograde delivery and cardiac‐specific AAV vectors, hold great promise for myocardial gene therapy. This review introduces gene therapy for ischaemic heart disease and heart failure and discusses the current status and future developments in this field.
Assessing brain injury topographically using MR neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Chen Amalie , Wen Sijin , Lakhani Dhairya A. , Gao Si , Yoon Keejin , Smith Seth A. , Dortch Richard , Xu Junzhong , Bagnato Francesca 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposeAxonal injury is a key player of disability in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Yet, detecting and measuring it in vivo is challenging. The neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) proposes a novel framework for probing axonal integrity in vivo. NODDI at 3.0 Tesla was used to quantify tissue damage in pwMS and its relationship with disease progression.MethodsEighteen pwMS (4 clinically isolated syndrome, 11 relapsing remitting, and 3 secondary progressive MS) and nine age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls underwent a brain MRI, inclusive of clinical sequences and a multi‐shell diffusion acquisition. Parametric maps of axial diffusivity (AD), neurite density index (ndi), apparent isotropic volume fraction (ivf), and orientation dispersion index (odi) were fitted. Anatomically matched regions of interest were used to quantify AD and NODDI‐derived metrics and to assess the relations between these measures and those of disease progression.ResultsAD, ndi, ivf, and odi significantly differed between chronic black holes (cBHs) and T2‐lesions, and between the latter and normal appearing white matter (NAWM). All metrics except ivf significantly differed between NAWM located next to a cBH and that situated contra‐laterally. Only NAWM odi was significantly associated with T2‐lesion volume, the timed 25‐foot walk test and disease duration.ConclusionsNODDI is sensitive to tissue injury but its relationship with clinical progression remains limited.
Beyond the AHI–pulse wave analysis during sleep for recognition of cardiovascular risk in sleep apnea patients
Authors: Strassberger Christian , Zou Ding , Penzel Thomas , Fietze Ingo , Hedner Jan , Ficker Joachim H. , Randerath Winfried , Sanner Bernd , Sommermeyer Dirk , Grote Ludger 
Published: May 2021

SummaryRecent evidence supports the use of pulse wave analysis during sleep for assessing functional aspects of the cardiovascular system. The current study compared the influence of pulse wave and sleep study‐derived parameters on cardiovascular risk assessment. In a multi‐centric study design, 358 sleep apnea patients (age 55 ± 13 years, 64% male, body mass index 30 ± 6 kg m−2, apnea–hypopnea index 13 [5–26] events per hr) underwent a standard overnight sleep recording. A novel cardiac risk index was computed based on pulse wave signals derived from pulse oximetry, reflecting vascular stiffness, cardiac variability, vascular autonomic tone and nocturnal hypoxia. Cardiovascular risk was determined using the ESC/ESH cardiovascular risk matrix, and categorized to high/low added cardiovascular risk. Comparisons between cardiac risk index and sleep parameters were performed for cardiovascular risk prediction. Apnea–hypopnea index, oxygen desaturation index and cardiac risk index were associated with high cardiovascular risk after adjustment for confounders (p = .002, .001, < .001, respectively). In a nested reference model consisting of age, gender and body mass index, adding cardiac risk index but not apnea–hypopnea index or oxygen desaturation index significantly increased the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (p = .012, .22 and .16, respectively). In a direct comparison of oxygen desaturation index and cardiac risk index, only the novel risk index had an independent effect on cardiovascular risk prediction (pCRI < .001, pODI = .71). These results emphasize the association between nocturnal pulse wave and overall cardiovascular risk determined by an established risk matrix. Thus, pulse wave analysis during sleep provides a powerful approach for cardiovascular risk assessment in addition to conventional sleep study parameters.