bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strong Reduced Graphene Oxide Coated Bombyx mori Silk
Authors: Cao Can , Lin Zongkai , Liu Xiaochen , Jia Yanyan , Saiz Eduardo , Wolf Stephan E. , Wagner Hanoch Daniel , Jiang Lei , Cheng Qunfeng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBombyx mori silks possess great potential in textile industries due to the large‐scale green production. However, the demand for silks with functional as well as mechanical properties are continuously rising due to the emergence of other functional textiles. It remains a great challenge to functionalize natural silk and simultaneously improve its mechanical properties. Inspired by the relationship between natural core–sheath structure and mechanical properties of cocoon silk, the application of a thin reduced graphene oxide (rGO) layer coated B. mori silk (GS) is shown via hydrogen interfacial interaction. The resultant rGO‐coated silk exhibits a remarkable tensile strength of 1137.7 MPa and toughness of 304.5 MJ m−3, which are 1.9 and 2.6 times higher than that of pure B. mori silk, respectively. Moreover, the GS shows a high electrical conductivity of 0.37 S m−1 with great thermal and deformation sensitivity. The bioinspired approach provides a universal and facile strategy for functionalizing natural fibers by applying rGO nanosheets surface coating.
Solution‐Processable and Thermostable Super‐Strong Poly(aryl ether ketone) Supramolecular Thermosets Cross‐Linked with Dynamic Boroxines
Authors: Lu Xingyuan , Bao Chunyang , Xie Peng , Guo Zhiwei , Sun Junqi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHigh‐performance engineering polymers (HPEPs) are mechanically robust but difficult to be processed and recycled. Aiming to solve such a problem, herein, supramolecular thermosets with high mechanical strength comparable to HPEPs are fabricated by dynamically cross‐linking low‐molecular‐weight poly(aryl ether ketone)s (PAEKs) with boroxines (denoted as PAEK‐B3O3). The PAEK‐B3O3 supramolecular thermosets are solution‐processable, thermally stable, and recyclable. By tailoring the molecular weight (Mn) of PAEK, the PAEK‐B3O3 thermosets can exhibit a tensile strength from ≈60.5 to ≈97.8 MPa and Young's modulus from ≈1.59 to ≈4.10 GPa. The mechanically strongest PAEK‐B3O3 thermosets, which are derived from PAEK with an Mn of ≈9400, have a tensile strength of ≈97.8 MPa, Young's modulus of ≈1.93 GPa, and glass transition temperature (Tg) of ≈154.0 °C. Such PAEK‐B3O3 thermosets retain a substantial amount of boroxine cross‐linkers when the temperature is close to Tg, which guarantees their high mechanical strength at high temperatures. The PAEK‐B3O3 thermosets can be solution‐processed to products of different shapes and further strengthened by the introduction of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes modified with phenylboronic acids. Due to the high reversibility of boroxines, the PAEK‐B3O3 thermosets can be conveniently re‐processed and recycled in the presence of dioxane/ethanol mixture solvent to regain their original mechanical strength.
Oxygen Defects Engineering of VO2·xH2O Nanosheets via In Situ Polypyrrole Polymerization for Efficient Aqueous Zinc Ion Storage
Authors: Zhang Zhengchunyu , Xi Baojuan , Wang Xiao , Ma Xiaojian , Chen Weihua , Feng Jinkui , Xiong Shenglin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhat has been a crucial demand is that designing mighty cathode materials for aqueous zinc−ion batteries (AZIBs), which are vigorous alternative devices for large−scale energy storage by means of their high safety and low cost. Herein, a facile strategy is designed that combines oxygen defect engineering with polymer coating in a synergistic action. As an example, the oxygen−deficient hydrate vanadium dioxide with polypyrrole coating (Od−HVO@PPy) is synthesized via a one‐step hydrothermal method in which introducing oxygen vacancy in HVO is simultaneously realized during the in situ polymerization. Such a desirable material adjusts the surface adsorption and internal diffusion of Zn2+ demonstrated by electrochemical characterization and theoretical calculation results. Moreover, it also utilizes conductive polymer coating to improve electrical conductivity and suppress cathode dissolution. Therefore, the Od−HVO@PPy electrode delivers a preferable reversible capacity (337 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1) with an impressive energy density of 228 Wh kg−1 and stable long cycle life. This enlightened design opens up a new modus operandi toward superior cathode materials for advanced AZIBs.
Soft Human–Machine Interface with Triboelectric Patterns and Archimedes Spiral Electrodes for Enhanced Motion Detection
Authors: Guo Hang , Wang Haobin , Xiang Zehua , Wu Hanxiang , Wan Ji , Xu Chen , Chen Haotian , Han Mengdi , Zhang Haixia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe rapid development of electronic skins has allowed novel multifunctional human–machine interaction interfaces, especially in motion interaction sensors. Although motion sensing is widely used in advanced flexible electronic devices through the integration of single sensing units, the number of electrodes has increased with the increase in integration by the square multiple. This paper presents a self‐powered electronic skin based on the Archimedes spiral structure design, which can detect the multi‐directional movement of the slider without external energy supply. As the rotation angle of the Archimedes spiral increases from 2π to 4π, the maximum resolvable movement direction of the device increases from 24 to 280, and the number of electrodes is kept at 4. Through the exploration of the principle of triboelectricity, the inherent electronegativity of the triboelectric materials is used as the basis for signal discrimination, which not only increases the reliability of the device, but also solves the problem of energy supply during device operation. A reduced number of electrodes and its battery‐free nature enables this electronic skin to be easily integrated into portable electronic devices, such as laptops, smart phones, healthcare devices, etc.
A Universal Power Management Strategy Based on Novel Sound‐Driven Triboelectric Nanogenerator and Its Fully Self‐Powered Wireless System Applications
Authors: Wang Zhixin , Wu Yonghui , Jiang Weibo , Liu Qingyu , Wang Xiaobing , Zhang Jiawei , Zhou Zhiyong , Zheng Haiwu , Wang Zifa , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWith the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), the power supply to trillions of IoT nodes has become a serious challenge. It is of significant importance to propose a rational power management scheme for constructing fully self‐powered systems using triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG). In this study, as inspired by an embroidery hoop, a new type of TENG without the Helmholtz resonant cavity is developed for collecting sound energy, which can generate the Voc and Isc up to 500 V and 124 µA, respectively at a resonance frequency of 170 Hz and sound pressure of 110 dB. Furthermore, the sound‐driven TENG integrated with a specially designed power management circuit derived from the universal power management strategy (PMS) can successfully drive a commercial narrow band‐IoT wireless node, which realizes periodic temperature and humidity data acquisition and transmission. With the same strategy, an electric switch and a temperature and humidity acquisition system based on Bluetooth technology can also be powered by a contact‐separated TENG and a wind‐driven TENG, demonstrating excellent versatility, adaptability, and universality of the PMS. This study provides a novel solution for the application of TENG in the field of low‐frequency IoT in local and wide areas.
Rugged Soft Robots using Tough, Stretchable, and Self‐Healable Adhesive Elastomers
Authors: Tan Matthew Wei Ming , Thangavel Gurunathan , Lee Pooi See 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSoft robots are susceptible to premature failure from physical damages incurred within dynamic environments. To address this, we report an elastomer with high toughness, room temperature self‐healing, and strong adhesiveness, allowing both prevention of damages and recovery for soft robotics. By functionalizing polyurethane with hierarchical hydrogen bonds from ureido‐4[1H]‐pyrimidinone (UPy) and carboxyl groups, high toughness (74.85 MJ m−3), tensile strength (9.44 MPa), and strain (2340%) can be achieved. Furthermore, solvent‐assisted self‐healing at room temperature enables retention of high toughness (41.74 MJ m−3), tensile strength (5.57 MPa), and strain (1865%) within only 12 h. The elastomer possesses a high dielectric constant (≈9) that favors its utilization as a self‐healing dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) for soft robotics. Displaying high area strains of ≈31.4% and ≈19.3% after mechanical and electrical self‐healing, respectively, the best performing self‐healable DEA is achieved. With abundant hydrogen bonds, high adhesive strength without additional curing or heating is also realized. Having both actuation and adhesive properties, a “stick‐on” strategy for the assembly of robust soft robots is realized, allowing soft robotic components to be easily reassembled or replaced upon severe damage. This study highlights the potential of soft robots with extreme ruggedness for different operating conditions.
Sub‐50 nm Supramolecular Nanohybrids with Active Targeting Corona for Image‐Guided Solid Tumor Treatment and Metastasis Inhibition
Authors: Li Yunkun , Zhong Dan , Zhou Chuan , Tu Zhaoxu , Mao Hongli , Yang Jun , Zhang Hu , Luo Kui , Gong Qiyong , Gu Zhongwei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTumor metastasis is responsible for almost 90% of failure in cancer therapy and it is also the major cause of cancer‐associated mortality due to poor vascularization. Herein, a sub‐50 nm hybrid theranostic robust nanoplatform is developed via a template supramolecular strategy to achieve active targeting and deep penetration of primary tumors as well as metastatic tumors with poor vascular structures. Quantum dots (QDs) as a template are coordinated with lipoic acid (LA)‐functionalized dendrimers for covalent loading of doxorubicin (DOX) and Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) tripeptide‐functionalized polyethylene glycol (PEG) for prolonging blood circulation and selectively targeting cancer cells. When the nanohybrid is internalized into tumor cells, DOX releases from the nanohybrid in acidic lysosomes and is translocated into nuclei for arresting cell cycles at the G2/M phase, leading to a remarkably therapeutic effect for both primary tumors and distant metastases in a 4T1 xenograft tumor model. The inherent fluorescence of QDs in the nanohybrid allows real‐time monitoring of the therapeutic responses from primary and metastasis tumors. Hence, a facile strategy is demonstrated to construct a hybrid nanoplatform with multifunctionality for inhibition of both primary and metastatic cancer.
Intermediate Phase‐Change States with Improved Cycling Durability of Sb2S3 by Femtosecond Multi‐Pulse Laser Irradiation
Authors: Gao Kun , Du Kang , Tian Senmao , Wang Heng , Zhang Lu , Guo Yaxuan , Luo Bingcheng , Zhang Wending , Mei Ting 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSb2S3 has great potential to become a good phase‐change material for visible and near‐infrared wavebands due to its low loss and high refractive index contrast, so great interest lies in the technology development. This work investigates the intermediate phase‐change states and their cycling durabilities by employing a continuous‐wave laser for crystallization and a femtosecond laser for amorphization. By considering stratified partial amorphization due to non‐uniform intensity distribution along propagation in a film, a double‐layer model is proposed to describe intermediate states, which fits experimental data better than the mixture models in effective medium approximation. The phase‐change degree is then defined as the ratio of the amorphization depth to the total film thickness, which can be controlled by combination of the pulse energy and the number of pulses in multi‐pulse femtosecond laser irradiation for amorphization. The cycling durability is improved by reducing pulse energy and increasing the number of pulses. The experimentally achieved maximum cycling durabilities are 30, 1000, and 7000 cycles for 90%, 60%, and 20% phase‐change degrees. The implementation of intermediate states with improved cycling durability may promote the development of Sb2S3‐based reconfigurable photonic devices.
A Heterostructure‐In‐Built Multichambered Host Architecture Enabled by Topochemical Self‐Nitridation for Rechargeable Lithiated Silicon‐Polysulfide Full Battery
Authors: Wei Yunhong , Zhang Mi , Yuan Li , Wang Boya , Wang Hongmei , Wang Qian , Zhang Yun , Guo Junling , Wu Hao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMetal nitride‐based heterostructures have been effective polysulfide mediators in lithium‐sulfur batteries. Still, these heterostructures developed so far primarily rely on high‐temperature ammonification with corrosive NH3 or synthetic nitrogen‐contained reagents as nitrogen sources, casting potential environmental hazards, and additional technical challenges. Herein, a multichambered carbon nanofiber host architecture with an in‐built TiN/TiO2 heterostructure configuration derived from natural structured proteins is designed. The TiN/TiO2 heterostructure is spontaneously generated in the carbon nanofibers upon the pyrolysis of inborn N‐enriched bio‐precursor accompanied by thermal‐induced topochemical self‐nitridation without any additional nitrogen sources. Ex‐/in situ experiments with theoretical calculations identify the strong trapping and enhanced charge transfer on the polar heterointerfaces, synchronously realizing the immobilization–diffusion–transformation of polysulfides. The multichambered host framework with rich internal voids and enhanced conductivity promise the accommodation of liquid Li2S6 catholyte, meanwhile ensuring that the cells can work with lean electrolyte. Consequently, the resulted Li‐polysulfide cell exhibits an ultralow capacity decay of 0.023% per cycle over 500 cycles and considerable areal capacity (≈6 mAh cm–2) at high S loading (5.8 mg cm–2). Importantly, an ingenious configurated full battery based on lithiated silicon anode and polysulfide cathode is competent to achieve appreciable cyclability with high energy density even under a low negative/positive capacity ratio (≈1.18).
All‐Nanofiber Self‐Powered Skin‐Interfaced Real‐Time Respiratory Monitoring System for Obstructive Sleep Apnea‐Hypopnea Syndrome Diagnosing
Authors: Peng Xiao , Dong Kai , Ning Chuan , Cheng Renwei , Yi Jia , Zhang Yihan , Sheng Feifan , Wu Zhiyi , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHuman respiration is an indispensable physiological behavior of the body, which is an important indicator to evaluate health status, especially for sleep‐related diseases. A real‐time respiratory monitoring and sleep breathing detecting system with convenience, high sensitivity, simple fabrication, and wearing comfort still remains a challenge and urgently desirable. Here, a breathable, highly sensitive, and self‐powered electronic skin (e‐skin) based on a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is reported for real‐time respiratory monitoring and obstructive sleep apnea‐hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) diagnosis. By using multilayer polyacrylonitrile and “polyamide 66” nanofibers as the contact pairs, and deposited gold as the electrodes, a contact‐separation type of TENG‐based all‐nanofiber e‐skin is developed. The e‐skin has a peak power density of 330 mW m−2, high pressure sensitivity of 0.217 kPa−1, excellent working stability, and good air permeability. Therefore, the e‐skin is simultaneously capable of energy autonomy and accurate real‐time subtle respiration monitoring. Meanwhile, a self‐powered diagnostic system for real‐time detection and severity evaluation of obstructive sleep apnea‐hypopnea syndrome are further developed to prevent the occurrence of OSAHS, delay its development, and improve sleep quality. This study hopes to pave a new and practical pathway for real‐time respiration monitoring and sleep breathing diseases clinical detection.
Chimerism of Carbon by Ruthenium Induces Gradient Catalysis
Authors: Sun Zhuang , Yang Chushu , Jiang Fangling , Zhang Tao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractImproving the round‐trip efficiency and cycle life of lithium‐oxygen batteries (LOBs) through the cathode design is essential for their employment in electric vehicles. Here, a neoteric chimeric air‐cathode is proposed, in which ultra‐dispersed ruthenium (Ru) nanoparticles are partially confined by microtube walls of free‐standing carbon textiles, but petty parts of Ru with catalytic surfaces are exposed. The special chimeric structure benefits not only for preventing nanocatalysts agglomeration but also tailoring the formation/decomposition mechanisms of lithium peroxide (Li2O2) during oxygen reduction/evolution reactions. Critically, theoretical simulations disclose that the enlarged chimeric catalyst‐support interphase between the Ru and carbon matrix enhances the electron density of Ru particles and then induces a gradient Gibbs free energy of LiO2 adsorption energy at active sites, and thus fundamentally modulates the morphology evolution mechanism of finial Li2O2. In the LOBs, the chimeric electrode affords a remarkably high energy efficiency of 84.1% and long‐term cyclability (260 cycles at 300 mA g−1).
Heparin Microislands in Microporous Annealed Particle Scaffolds for Accelerated Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Pruett Lauren J. , Jenkins Christian H. , Singh Neharika S. , Catallo Katarina J. , Griffin Donald R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMimicking growth factor–extracellular matrix interactions for promoting cell migration is a powerful technique to improve tissue integration with biomaterial scaffolds for the regeneration of damaged tissues. This is attempted by scaffold‐mediated controlled delivery of exogenous growth factors; however, the predetermined nature of this delivery can limit the scaffold's ability to meet each wound's unique spatiotemporal regenerative needs and presents translational hurdles. To address this limitation, a new approach to growth factor organization is presented that incorporates heparin microislands (μIslands), which are spatially isolated heparin‐containing microparticles that can reorganize and protect endogenous local growth factors via heterogeneous sequestration at the microscale in vitro and result in functional improvements in wound healing. More specifically, the heparin μIslands are incorporated within microporous annealed particle scaffolds, which allows facile tuning of microenvironment heterogeneity through ratiometric mixing of microparticle sub‐populations. In this manuscript, the ability of heparin μIslands to heterogeneously sequester applied growth factor and control downstream cell migration in vitro is demonstrated. Further, their ability to significantly improve wound healing outcomes (epidermal regeneration and re‐vascularization) in a diabetic wound model relative to two clinically relevant controls is presented.
Ultrahigh‐Areal Capacitance Flexible Supercapacitors Based on Laser Assisted Construction of Hierarchical Aligned Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Huang Shan , Du Xianfeng , Li Xiang , Ma Mingbo , Xiong Lilong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractElectrochemical energy storage is a key technology for a clean and sustainable energy supply. In this respect, supercapacitors (SC) have recently received considerable attention due to their excellent performance, including high‐power density and long‐cycle life. However, the poor binding strength between the active materials and substrate, the low active material loading, and small specific capacitance hinder the overall performance improvement of the device. In this study, an ultrahigh‐areal capacitance flexible SC based on the Al micro grid‐based hierarchical vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) is studied. Interestingly, the Al micro grid‐based VACNTs exhibit ultrahigh loading (13 mg cm−2), and the as‐fabricated VACNTs electrode display outstanding electrochemical performance, including an impressive areal capacitance of 1,300 mF cm−2 at the current density of 13 mA cm−2 and excellent stability with a retention ratio of 90% after 20,000 cycles at the current density of 130 mA cm−2. Furthermore, the hierarchical VACNT electrodes show excellent mechanical flexibility when assembled into quasi‐solid‐state SC using Na2SO4‐PVA gel as the electrolyte. The capacitance of this device is hardly changed bending different angles, even 180°. This study demonstrates the tremendous potential of Al micro grid‐based hierarchical VACNTs as electrodes for high‐performance flexible and wearable energy storage devices.
Highly Customizable Bone Fracture Fixation through the Marriage of Composites and Screws
Authors: Hutchinson Daniel J. , Granskog Viktor , von Kieseritzky Johanna , Alfort Henrik , Stenlund Patrik , Zhang Yuning , Arner Marianne , Håkansson Joakim , Malkoch Michael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOpen reduction internal fixation (ORIF) metal plates provide exceptional support for unstable bone fractures; however, they often result in debilitating soft‐tissue adhesions and their rigid shape cannot be easily customized by surgeons. In this work, a surgically feasible ORIF methodology, called AdhFix, is developed by combining screws with polymer/hydroxyapatite composites, which are applied and shaped in situ before being rapidly cured on demand via high‐energy visible‐light‐induced thiol–ene coupling chemistry. The method is developed on porcine metacarpals with transverse and multifragmented fractures, resulting in strong and stable fixations with a bending rigidity of 0.28 (0.03) N m2 and a maximum load before break of 220 (15) N. Evaluations on human cadaver hands with proximal phalanx fractures show that AdhFix withstands the forces from finger flexing exercises, while short‐ and long‐term in vivo rat femur fracture models show that AdhFix successfully supports bone healing without degradation, adverse effects, or soft‐tissue adhesions. This procedure represents a radical new approach to fracture fixation, which grants surgeons unparalleled customizability and does not result in soft‐tissue adhesions.
Engineering Single‐Atomic Iron‐Catalyst‐Integrated 3D‐Printed Bioscaffolds for Osteosarcoma Destruction with Antibacterial and Bone Defect Regeneration Bioactivity
Authors: Wang Liying , Yang Qianhao , Huo Minfeng , Lu Dan , Gao Youshui , Chen Yu , Xu Huixiong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEffective antitumor therapeutics with distinctive bactericidal and osteogenic properties are in high demand for comprehensive osteosarcoma treatment. Here, a “scaffold engineering” strategy that integrates highly active single‐atomic iron catalysts (FeSAC) into a 3D printed bioactive glass (BG) scaffold is reported. Based on the atomically dispersed iron species within the catalysts, the engineered FeSAC displays prominent Fenton catalytic activity to generate toxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH) in response to the microenvironment specific to osteosarcoma. In addition, the constructed FeSAC‐BG scaffold can serve as a sophisticated biomaterial platform for efficient osteosarcoma ablation, with concomitant bacterial sterilization via localized hyperthermia‐reinforced nanocatalytic therapeutics. The destruction of the osteosarcoma, as well as the bacterial foci, can be achieved, further preventing susceptible chronic osteomyelitis during osteogenesis. In particular, the engineered FeSAC‐BG scaffold is identified with advances in accelerated osteoconduction and osteoinduction, ultimately contributing to the sophisticated therapeutics and management of osteosarcoma. This work broadens the biomedical potential of single‐atom catalysts and offers a comprehensive clinically feasible strategy for overall osteosarcoma therapeutics, bacterial inhibition, and tissue regeneration.