bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opportunistic Salpingectomy Versus Traditional Partial Salpingectomy at the Time of Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Raju Rubin , Rivera-chiauzzi Enid , THOMPSON Angela C. , Dow Margaret L. , TRAYNOR Kyle D. , ELLIOTT Laura L. , Wetzstein Marnie M. , Hathcock Matthew A. , Torbenson Vanessa E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: It is estimated that one third of women in the United States opt for permanent tubal sterilization at the time of cesarean delivery. Evidence suggests that ovarian cancer begins in the fallopian tubes. Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality of all gynecologic malignancies. There is no proven effective screening for ovarian cancer. In view of this, the Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommend considering counseling patients about prophylactic salpingectomy as an effective method of sterilization. There are limited well designed clinical trials that compare the safety and feasibility of total salpingectomy to that of traditional partial salpingectomy for tubal sterilization at the time of cesarean delivery. METHODS: We conducted a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Women age 21 years and older who were undergoing cesarean delivery and desired concomitant sterilization were enrolled between May 17, 2017 and July 16, 2018. Stratified randomization was performed based on number of previous cesarean deliveries and their Basal Metabolic Index, into a bilateral total salpingectomy group and bilateral partial salpingectomy group. All salpingectomies were performed using clamps and suture. The primary outcome was to compare the mean peri-operative hemoglobin change for both groups. Secondary objectives included sterilization completion time, postoperative length of stay, estimated blood loss, postoperative pain and adverse events. RESULTS: Of the 111 women screened, 40 were enrolled and randomized. Of these, 38 underwent the assigned procedure (18 BTS, 20 BPS). There were no demographic differences between groups. No difference in Mean ±SD hemoglobin drop between groups (1.4±0.7 g/dl for the BTS group and 1.8±1.0 g/dl for the BPS group, p=0.08). Mean time to completion of sterilization procedure was significantly longer in the BTS group (16.3±5.6 minutes for the BTS group vs 5.1±1.6 minutes for the BPS group, p < .01). No significant differences for other outcome measures.CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral total salpingectomy at the time of cesarean delivery does not increase the risk for blood loss and has similar peri-operative outcomes, with a small increase in operative time when compared to traditional bilateral partial salpingectomy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03135431, 27/04/2017
Increased Serum Levels of Cadmium are Associated with an Elevated Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults
Authors: Ma Siyu , Zhang Jie , Xu Cheng , Da Min , Xu Yang , Chen Yong , Mo Xuming 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Previous studies have determined the effects of exposure to some heavy metals on cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, the association between exposure to cadmium and CVD in adults remains unclear. The relationship between serum levels of cadmium and the risk of CVD was studied by analysing available data from 38,223 participants who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2016. After adjusting for all covariates, we found that higher serum cadmium concentrations were positively related to both the overall risk of CVD (odds ratio (OR): 1.45; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22, 1.72; p for trend <0.001) and the risks of its subtypes, including congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, heart attack and stroke. Elevated levels of cadmium were associated with increased levels of lipids and inflammation parameters, including blood triglycerides, total cholesterol, white blood cells (WBCs) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Our study provided epidemiological evidence that cadmium may increase the risk of CVD by elevating blood lipids and inflammation. CapsuleHigh blood levels of Cd are associated with increased risks of overall CVD and four of the CVD subtypes
Depression, Anxiety and Stress Levels Among Allied Health Undergraduates in a Defence University, Sri Lanka
Authors: GAMAGE CHANDIMA KUMARA WALPITA , PERERA VITHANAGE BUDDHINI JAYATHRI , SIVENDRAN KAARTHIGA , PATABANDIGE DILSHARA KITHMINI JAYASURIYA , DEWAGE SUBASH DESHAPRIYA HEWA , FERNANDO NEIL FRANCIS JOSEPH 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDepression, Anxiety and Stress levels are considered indicators of psychological well-being. These mental disorders conflict with the healthy lives of young adults when entering critical life transitions like university life. Further, Allied Health Sciences undergraduates have been reported as a more vulnerable group in this regard. The main objective of this study was to assess Depression, Anxiety and Stress levels among the undergraduates of a defence university in Sri Lanka.MethodsThe study was conducted as a cross-sectional descriptive study among all the undergraduates (n=640) attached to FAHS, KDU. A general questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data, and DASS 21 was used to assess the level of stress, depression, and anxiety. The data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation test and Pearson Chi-square test in SPSS 25.0.ResultsThe majority were reported, normal level of depression (64.9%), anxiety (59.5%), stress (72.3%). However, 35.1 %, 40.5%, 27.7% were having mild to extremely severe depression, anxiety and stress levels, respectively. A significant strong positive relationship was identified between depression and anxiety (r= 0.707, p= 0.000), depression and stress (r=0.722, p= 0.000) and anxiety and stress (r=0.658, p= 0.000). The level of depression was statistically significant only with degree course (p=0.040). However, anxiety and stress levels had no significant associations with gender, academic year, and degree course. The current medical treatments had significant associations with depression (p= 0.002), anxiety (p= 0.000) and stress (p= 0.002). Moreover, history of psychological treatments had associations with anxiety (0.009) and stress (0.040). ConclusionThe majority of the participants had 'normal' levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among the study population. However, frequent assessment of the undergraduates' psychological profiles is essential to make necessary interventions to enhance their mental health status.
Cost-of-illness for Non-underweight Eating Disorders
Authors: Jenkins Paul 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose: This study examined economic costs associated with untreated eating disorders characterised by regular binge eating in the absence of low weight. Both direct and indirect costs were assessed, taking a partial societal perspective of economic impact.Methods: One-hundred and twenty-six adults seeking treatment for recurrent binge eating were asked to report impairment associated with an eating disorder. Total direct, indirect, and out-of-pocket costs were calculated using 2017 prices. Overall costs per individual were estimated, including an examination of variables correlated with costs.Results: Estimated costs for the year preceding assessment were £2,428.59 (€2,792.88) per person. Frequency of binge eating was associated with several elements of cost, and BMI was associated with productivity costs.Conclusion: The economic cost of eating disorders characterised by regular binge eating is significant, and underscores the need for efficacious and cost-effective treatments. Individuals with eating disorders report work impairment and healthcare usage that may cost the UK economy upwards of £2.6–3.5 billion (€3–4bn). Further studies should consider academic impairment and the economic impact on families.Level of evidenceLevel III: Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies
Fungal Pretreatment of Sugarcane Bagasse: A Green Pathway to Improve Saccharification and Ethanol Production
Authors: Hartmann Caroline , Fontana Roselei Claudete , de Siqueira Félix Gonçalves , Camassola Marli 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Biological pretreatment was investigated to increase ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass, like sugarcane bagasse. Enzyme secretion, changes in substrate composition, enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol yield after pretreatment by different basidiomycetes were evaluated. Analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that P. pulmonarius PS2001 and T. villosa 82I6 promoted more extensive selective modifications in the lignin content. Glucose release during enzymatic hydrolysis of samples pretreated with P. pulmonarius PS2001 for 35, 42 and 49 days and with T. villosa 82I6 for 21, 28 and 49 days were higher than the control (48.5±2.38 mg/g), i.e. 68.4 ±0.7, 76.3 ±1.6 and 76.5±2.1 mg/g and 70.9±8.3, 77.8±5.8 and 77.6±4.2 mg/g, respectively. During the fermentation of hydrolysates of samples pretreated with T. villosa 82I6 for 28 and 49 days, a maximum ethanol yield of 19.1±2.8 and 20.2±0.5 mg/g, respectively, was achieved. A positive effect of biological pretreatment on hydrolysis and fermentation was demonstrated.
Grapeseed oil (Vitis Vinifera L.) treatment on polyester based fabrics to develop antibacterial and physiologically comfortable health-care and hygiene textiles
Authors: Joshi Shubham , Midha Vinay , Rajendran Subbiyan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Healthcare and hygiene products in the medical sector uphold a prime responsibility to prevent the passage of bacteria or other harmful organisms from non-sterile to sterile areas. This has been currently possible with increased awareness and concern about the healthcare/ hospital textiles. Along with protection, various products are accommodated with several functional properties such as comfort, odor-free, and hygiene aspects. This manuscript presents an insight into the development of such textiles by application of the grapeseed oil (Vitis vinifera L.), a by-product of the winemaking industry. The fabric structures chosen for the study are relevant to the end uses of textile products in the medical applications such as 100% texturized polyester, 100% micro-polyester, polyester/viscose and polyester/cotton woven fabrics. All polyester fabric samples have been pre-treated with an optimized concentration of trichloroacetic acid-methylene chloride (TCA-MC) solvent and further treated with four different grapeseed oil concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). The antibacterial and comfort properties of the treated fabric samples have been evaluated and analysed. The treated fabric samples show the substantial antibacterial activity of 48% and 39% respectively against S. aureus and E. coli bacteria after 50 home laundry washing cycles.
Male gender and obesity are risk factors of gallbladder polyps in a large northwest Chinese population
Authors: Liu Yao , Yin Jiajing , Qu Shen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and related risk factors of gallbladder polyps in a northwest Chinese population.
Methods

A retrospective investigation was conducted on the prevalence and risk factors of gallbladder polyps among subjects who underwent physical examination in Shanxi Harmony Healthy Examination Center, from January 2016 to December 2020. Demographic, serum biochemistry, and ultrasonography data were collected from all patients. The correlations between the prevalence of gallbladder polyps and sex, age, body mass index (BMI), serum biochemistry, liver viral markers were calculated for all patients.
Results

A total of 67438 people aged from 18 to 75 years were enrolled in the study. Overall prevalence of gallbladder polyps in northwest China was approximately 7.8% and with the highest prevalence among middle-aged men. Analysis risk factors for increased odds ratios (ORs) of gallbladder polyps development were female (OR = 0.746; 95%CI, 0.624–0.891, P = 0.001) and BMI(25-27.5kg/m2) (OR = 1.243; 95%CI, 1.035–1.494, P = 0.020), BMI(≥ 27.5 kg/m2) (OR = 1.274; 95%CI, 1.038–1.562, P = 0.020). Other demographic characteristic and serum biochemistry parameters, including blood pressure, blood lipids, liver and renal function, liver viral markers did not correlate with the prevalence of gallbladder polyps.
Conclusions

Prevalence of gallbladder polyps among northwest Chinese people are a little higher to those reported for other populations. Male gender and BMI were strong risk factors for gallbladder polyps formation.
Computational Study on Novel Natural Inhibitors Targeting Janus Kinase 3
Authors: Zhong Sheng , Li Weihang , Wu Bo , Zou Yujia , Li Hui , Li Weiye , Wang Dong , Zhang Shilei , Ding Ziyi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study is to screen and identify novel leading compounds 5 which can inhibit protein Janus Kinase 3 (JAK3) from a drug library (ZINC database) 6 to provide precise target therapy for lung cancer. 7Methods: A set of computation-aided structural biology methods and chemical virtual 8 screening techniques were carried out to screen novel inhibitor compounds. Libdock 9 scores for potential inhibitors of JAK3 were calculated using fast docking method-10 virtual screening. Next, ADMET properties (absorption, distribution, metabolism, 11 excretion, and toxicity) were conducted to predict their pharmacological characteristics. 12 The binding affinity as well as the interactions between the candidate compounds and 13 JAK3 were calculated and visualized by precise molecular docking algorithm. 14 Ultimately, molecular dynamics simulation (MD) was performed to estimate the 15 stability of the ligand-JAK3 complex under natural environment. 16Results: After screening, two novel natural compounds, ZINC000014952116 and 17 ZINC00000393864, were finally selected as leading compounds from the ZINC15 18 database, which possessed less Ames mutagenicity, rodent carcinogenicity and 19 developmental toxicity potential than other candidate compounds. Additionally, they 20 didn’t inhibit the activity of CYP2D6. Molecular dynamics simulation analysis showed 21 that ZINC000014952116 and ZINC00000393864 could interact with JAK3 steadily, 22 and their ligand-JAK3 complexes could keep stable under natural situation, and act as 23 regulatory role to JAK3. 24Conclusion: This study analyzed that ZINC000014952116 and ZINC00000393864 25 were ideal natural inhibitors targeting JAK3 from the ZINC15 database, which could 26 also provide more options and resources for other cancer chemotherapy.
Kinetic electronics: Monolithic processing of a layered flexible robotic actuator film for simple film microrobot fabrication
Authors: Zhang Shiyi , Wang Joseph , Hayashi Kenshi , Sassa Fumihiro 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Low-invasive soft robotic techniques can potentially be used for developing next-generation body–machine interfaces. Most soft robots require complicated fabrication processes involving 3D printing and bonding/assembling. In this letter, we describe a monolithic soft microrobot fabrication process for the mass production of soft film robots with a complex structure by simple 2D processing of a robotic actuator film. The 45 μg/mm^2 lightweight film robot can be driven at a voltage of CMOS compatible 5 V with 0.15 mm^-1 large curvature changes; it can generate a force 5.7 times greater than its self-weight. In a durability test, actuation could be carried out over 8000 times without degradation. To further demonstrate this technique, three types of film robots with multiple degrees of freedom and moving illuminator robot were fabricated. This technique can easily integrate various electrical circuits developed in the past to robotic systems and can be used for developing advanced wearable sensing devices; It can be called “Kinetic electronics.”
Dynamic Analysis and Looseness Evaluation of Bolted Connection Under Vibration of Machine Tools
Authors: Xu Wenxiang , Cheng Qiang , Yang Congbin , Li Ying 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Bolted connections are widely used in the machine tool manufacturing and equipment. As it is well known, bolt preload will be attenuated by the vibration of machine tools, which will degenerate the working life of machine tools. In this paper, a new experimental design method is introduced into the study on bolt preload attenuation: the quadratic general rotary unitized design. The dynamic analysis of the bolted connection is carried out based on a finely fragmented numerical model to interpret the generation of fretting slip and the reason for the loosening of bolts. The alternating load cyclic vibration test, implemented on the bolted joints, can provide the vibration response under the influence of different working factors. Statistical test and analysis are performed on the quadratic regression mathematical model of the bolt preload attenuation, and the principal working factor that affecting the bolt preload attenuation under vibration can be obtained. Based on the analytical result, the combination of the working factors at the lowest bolt preload attenuation rate, which can effectively slow the bolt looseness, is investigated. The results of this study can provide an experimental basis for improving the machining stiffness of machine tools.
Metal Cyamelurates: Structural Diversity Caused by Kinetic and Thermodynamic Controls
Authors: Isbjakowa Albina S. , Chernyshev Vladimir V , Tafeenko Victor A , Aslanov Leonid A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The kinetic control of chemical reactions makes it possible both to isolate metastable substances with properties different from those of thermodynamically stable phases, and to obtain information useful for studying the crystal nucleation and further transformations of metastable phases into stable ones. Metal cyamelurates are suitable subjects for kinetic control in synthesis due to their easy crystallization and short reaction times. In this work cobalt, manganese, magnesium, copper, aluminum, chromium, calcium and lead cyamelurates were obtained and their crystal structures were determined. Most syntheses at room temperature take place under kinetic control, and this often leads to a mixture of phases. KM(C6N7O3)·5H2O (M=Co(II), Mn(II)) powders consisted of one crystalline compound. An increase in temperature leads to thermodynamic control, which is proved by registration of Mn(C6N7O3H)·5H2O and KMg(C6N7O3)·5H2O crystalline phases. It was possible to isolate Ca(C6 N7O3H)·6H2O and Pb(C6N7O3H)·3H2O from the mixture by washing samples with a weak acid solution. As a result of the work, five different structural types were obtained, including KCu(C6N7O3)∙2H2O and KM(C6N7O3H) 2 ·6H2O (M=Al, Cr(III)). Despite the diversity of salts obtained as a result of thermodynamic or kinetic control, practically the same building blocks form the crystal structure of cyamelurates. The hypothesis of nucleation in a colloidal micelle with electric double layer can be applied to the compounds listed above.
Task Sharing to Support Paediatric Service Delivery in Low- and Middle-income Countries: Current Practice and a Scoping Review of Emerging Opportunities
Authors: Zhao Yingxi , Hagel Christiane , Tweheyo Raymond , Sirili Nathanael , Gathara David , English Mike 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDemographic and epidemiological changes have prompted thinking on the need to broaden the child health agenda to include care for complex and chronic conditions in the 0-19 years (paediatric) age range. The general and skilled paediatric workforce shortage especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) will impede the provision of additional paediatric services. This paper examines experiences with task sharing as part of the solution to this human resources challenge in LMICs and specifically looks beyond the provision of care for acute infectious diseases and malnutrition that are widely and historically shifted. MethodsWe (1) reviewed the Global Burden of Diseases study to understand which conditions may need to be prioritised; (2) investigated training opportunities and national policies related to task sharing (current practice) in five purposefully selected African countries (Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi and South Africa); and (3) summarised reported experience of task sharing and paediatric service delivery through a scoping review of research literature in LMICs published between 1990-2019 using MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, PsycINFO, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library. ResultsWe found that while some training opportunities nominally support emerging roles for non-physician clinicians and nurses, formal scopes of practices often remain rather restricted and neither training nor policy seems well aligned with probable needs from high-burden complex and chronic conditions. From 83 studies in 24 LMICs, and aside from the historically shifted conditions, we found there is some evidence available for task sharing for a small set of specific conditions (circumcision, some complex surgery, rheumatic heart diseases, epilepsy, mental health). ConclusionAs child health strategies are further redesigned to address the previously unmet needs careful strategic thinking on the development of an appropriate paediatric workforce is needed. To achieve coverage at scale countries may need to transform their paediatric workforce including possible new roles for mid-level cadres to support safe, accessible and high-quality care.
Abnormal Fractional Amplitude of Low-frequency Fluctuation Changes in Patients With Diabetic Optic Neuropathy: a Functional MRI Study
Authors: Liu Wenfeng , Yu Chen-Yu , Pan Yi-Cong , Shu Hui-Ye , Zhang Li-Juan , Li Qiu-Yu , Ge Qian-Min , Liang Rong-Bin , Shao Yi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The present study was to assess the spontaneous changes in brain activity in patients with DON using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). 14 DON patients and 14 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. All participants underwent resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI). The fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) method was applied to evaluate neural activity changes. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess the anxiety and depression status of participants. The independent sample t test and chi-squared test were applied to analyze demographics of DON patients and HCs. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were applied to analyze the variation in mean fALFF values between DON patients and HCs. The relationships between the fALFF values of brain regions and clinical behaviors in the DON group were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation analysis. In contrast to HCs, the fALFF value of DON patients was significantly higher in the right precentral gyrus (RPCG). However, the fALFF values in right anterior cingulate gyrus (RACG) and left middle cingulate gyrus (LMCG) were markedly decreased in DON patients. The area under the curve (AUC) of ROCs for each brain region showed high accuracy. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that fALFF values of the right anterior cingulate gyrus and left middle cingulate gyrus were negatively correlated with HADS scores, while fALFF values of the left middle cingulate gyrus were negatively correlated with DON disease duration. To sum up, we found abnormal spontaneous brain activities in regions related to cognitive and emotional dysfunction, eye movement disorder, and vision loss in patients with DON. These results may indicate the underlying neuropathological mechanisms of DON, and show that fALFF may be an effective method by which to distinguish patients with DON from healthy individuals.