bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimization of Isoamylase Interference in Size‐Exclusion Chromatography of Debranched Starch Molecular Structure
Authors: Chung Hyung‐Jung , Lee Ju Hun , Shin Hye‐Young , Kwon Ji‐Seon , Kim Jong‐Yea 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSize‐exclusion chromatography (SEC) of sodium acetate buffer, denatured isoamylase, and debranched starch is used with various NaCl concentration as mobile phase to identify and minimize interference of buffer and isoamylase in analysis of debranched starch molecular structure. Also, superdex (SD) 75, SD 75 + SD 30, or SD 200 + SD 30 is used to compare SEC results under different columns. When a deionized water is used as mobile phase, elution times of each buffer and isoamylase are overlapped with molecular distribution of debranched starch in all column conditions. Higher NaCl concentration of mobile phase delays elution time of isoamylase in all column conditions but does not change fractionation behavior of debranched starch chains. Elution time of isoamylase is overlapped with that of debranched starch at higher than 200 mM of NaCl concentration with SD 75. In SD 75 + SD 30 and SD 200 + SD 30 column, elution of isoamylase completely separate with that of debranched starch when NaCl concentration of mobile phase is higher than 50 mM. Overall, the interference is minimized by addition of NaCl to mobile phase with SD 75 + SD 30 and SD 200 + SD 30 column.
Construction of Oxygen‐ and Nitrogen‐based Heterocycles from p‐Quinone Methides
Authors: Singh Gurdeep , Pandey Rajat , Pankhade Yogesh A. , Fatma Shaheen , Anand Ramasamy Vijaya 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the last few years, there has been an explosive growth in the area of para‐quinone methide (p‐QM) chemistry. This boom is actually due to the unique reactivity pattern of p‐QMs, and also their remarkable synthetic applications. In fact, p‐QMs serve as synthons for unsymmetrical diaryl‐ and triarylmethanes, and also for the construction of diverse range of carbocycles and heterocycles. In the last few years, a wide range of structurally complex heterocyclic frameworks could be accessed through the synthetic transformations of structurally modified stable p‐QMs. Therefore, the main focus of this review article is to cover the recent advancements in the transition‐metal, Lewis acid and base‐catalyzed/mediated synthetic transformations of the stable p‐quinone methides (p‐QMs) to oxygen‐ and nitrogen‐containing heterocycles.
Repeated thermo-hydrolytic disintegration of medium density fibreboards (MDF) for the production of new MDF
Authors: Bütün Buschalsky Fahriye Yağmur , Mai Carsten 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMedium density fibreboards (MDF) are currently not recycled after service life, but various publications report on recycling by the disintegration of MDF using various techniques and the properties of obtained recovered fibres (RF). In this study, the main aim was to put back RF into the MDF manufacturing process as closed-loop recycling using repeated thermo-hydrolytic disintegration. Compared to previous studies, the focus was on the recycling of MDF with a relatively low F:U molar ratio (1.11). Urea–formaldehyde-bonded MDF with a target density of 700 kg m−3 was subjected to thermo-hydrolytic disintegration in an autoclave using only water at 95 °C for 20–30 min. Afterwards, the properties of RF and virgin fibres (VF), of MDF produced thereof and the composition of the disintegration water (DW) were determined. The nitrogen content (NC) revealed that RF contained about 30% of the initially applied UF. The pH of the DW hardly changed during recycling and it contained considerable amounts of reducing sugars. Using RF did not result in higher formaldehyde emissions than VF. Compared to earlier studies using a higher formaldehyde content (higher F:U ratio), MDF bonded with modern UF resins can be disintegrated under clearly milder disintegration conditions with respect to temperature and time. The properties of recycled MDF were similar to those of reference MDF; up to 100% RF could be used without severely deteriorating the strength and increasing formaldehyde emissions from these panels.
On Existence of Ground States in the Spin Boson Model
Authors: Hasler David , Hinrichs Benjamin , Siebert Oliver 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe show the existence of ground states in the massless spin boson model without any infrared regularization. Our proof is non-perturbative and relies on a compactness argument. It works for arbitrary values of the coupling constant under the hypothesis that the second derivative of the ground state energy as a function of a constant external magnetic field is bounded.
Adult Benign, Non‐Iatrogenic Bronchoesophageal Fistulae: Systematic Review and Descriptive Analysis of Individual Patient Data
Authors: Mammana Marco , Pangoni Alessandro , Lorenzoni Giulia , Catelli Chiara , Natale Giuseppe , Gregori Dario , Dell'Amore Andrea , Rea Federico 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdult, benign, non‐iatrogenic bronchoesophageal fistula (BEF) is a rare condition, which is occasionally described in single case reports. Therefore, little is known about its possible causes, presentation and management.MethodsA systematic search of the literature in MEDLINE, PubMed Central and EMBASE databases between 1990 and 2020 was carried out to identify all cases of BEF. The initial database search identified 19,452 articles, of which 183 (251 individual patient cases) were included in the final analysis.ResultsMain causes of BEF were congenital malformations (97/251, 38.7%) and infections (82/251, 32.7%), while 33/251 (13.1%) fistulae were regarded as idiopathic and 39/251 (15.5%) attributed to other causes. Esophagograpy was the most sensitive method of diagnosis (97.4%) compared with esophagoscopy (78.9%), computed tomography (49.6%) and bronchoscopy (46.0%). Definitive treatment was surgical for 176 patients (70%), endoscopic for 25 (10%) and medical for 37 (14.7%). Compared with congenital BEFs, infective BEFs had shorter median symptom duration and were distributed more proximally over the bronchial tree. Definitive treatment was almost only surgical for congenital BEFs, while infective BEFs were treated also endoscopically (12%) and by medical therapy (38%). Morbidity, treatment failure and recurrence rates were higher for infective BEFs.ConclusionsBEFs are rare. Symptoms are non‐specific and a high index of suspicion is necessary for diagnosis. Patients with infective BEF tend to have a more severe clinical picture than those with congenital BEF. Surgery is the main treatment for patients affected by congenital BEF, while infective BEFs may heal conservatively.
Nitrogen uptake capacity of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) only partially depends on tree age
Authors: Simon Judy , Bilela Silvija , Rennenberg Heinz 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Key message
On calcareous soil, European beech roots prefer organic nitrogen, but only arginine and not glutamine or inorganic nitrogen.

Abstract
Nitrogen (N) acquisition is a major factor determining the processes and mechanisms involved in tree productivity, development, and competitiveness. However, only few studies have investigated changes in N capturing with tree age. We conducted 15N incubation experiments to quantify inorganic (i.e. ammonium and nitrate) and organic (i.e. glutamine-N and arginine-N) net N acquisition capacity of beech trees of five age classes. Our results showed no general pattern, but that net N uptake capacity was rather N source-specific. Inorganic and glutamine-N uptake did not differ between age classes at all. Arginine-N uptake was highest in the youngest and oldest stands reflecting a high N demand by seedlings for root foraging and biomass production despite low internal N storage capacities and by older trees for storage and reproduction. Organic N was preferred over inorganic N regardless of tree age. Overall, our study shows the high significance of organic N sources for N acquisition in beech trees.
The “right” side of sleeping: laterality in resting behaviour of Aldabra giant tortoises (Aldabrachelys gigantea)
Authors: Spiezio Caterina , Sandri Camillo , Joubert Flavien , Muzungaile Marie-May , Remy Selby , Mattarelli Paola , Regaiolli Barbara 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlthough some studies investigated lateralization in reptiles, little research has been done on chelonians, focusing only on few behaviours such as righting response and escape preference. The aim of this study was to investigate lateralization in Aldabra giant tortoises (Aldabrachelys gigantea), focusing on asymmetrical positioning of the limbs and the head during resting behaviour, called sleep-like behaviour, involving both wild tortoises and individuals under human care. Subjects of the study were 67 adult Aldabra tortoises (54 free ranging on Curieuse, 13 under human care in Mahè Botanical Garden). For each tortoise observed during sleep-like behaviour, we recorded the position of the head (on the left, on the right or in line with the body midline) and we collected which forelimb and hindlimb were kept forward. Moreover, the number of subjects in which limbs were in a symmetrical position during the sleep-like behaviour was recorded. Based on our results, the number of tortoises with asymmetrical position of head and limb was higher (head: 63%; forelimbs: 88%; hindlimbs: 70%) than the number of tortoises with symmetrical position of the head and the limb. Regarding the head, throughout the subjects found with the asymmetrical position of the head during sleep-like behaviour, tortoises positioning the head on the right (42%) were more than those sleeping with the head on the left (21%). We found a relationship between the position of the forelimbs and hindlimbs during sleep-like behaviour. We reported no differences between Mahè (under human care) and Curieuse (wild) tortoises. Findings of this preliminary study underlined traces of group-level lateralization in head positioning during the sleep-like behaviour, possibly due to a left-eye/right-hemisphere involvement in anti-predatory responses and threatening stimuli as reported in reptiles and other vertebrates. This study aims at adding data on brain lateralization, often linked to lateralized behaviours, in reptiles, especially in chelonians.
Discovery of the freshwater sponge genus Corvospongilla Annandale (Porifera: Spongillida) in Australia with the description of a new species and phylogeographic implications
Authors: Manconi Renata , Erpenbeck Dirk , Fromont Jane , Wörheide Gert , Pronzato Roberto 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA recent discovery of freshwater sponges in an unexplored hydrographic basin in north-western Australia provided the opportunity to investigate the genusCorvospongillaAnnandale (Spongillida: Spongillidae) using integrative systematics. Emendation of the genus diagnosis is provided. A comparative analysis of aCorvospongillaglobal dataset of morphological traits together with biogeographic patterns disclosed a new AustralasianCorvospongillaspecies and along with molecular analyses provided the basis for a phylogenetic and phylogeographic tree for some Asian, Afrotropical and Australasian lineages.
Playground for multi-level modeling constructs
Authors: Somogyi Ferenc A. , Mezei Gergely , Theisz Zoltán , Bácsi Sándor , Palatinszky Dániel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn recent years, multi-level modeling has become more and more popular. It is mainly due to the fact that multi-level modeling aims to reduce or even totally eliminate any accidental complexity inadvertently created as by-product in traditional model design. Moreover, besides reducing model complexity, multi-level modeling also improves on general comprehension of models. The key enablers of multi-level modeling are the concepts of clabjects and deep instantiation. The latter is often governed by the potency notion, of which many different interpretations and variations emerged over the years. However, there exist also some approaches that disregard the potency notion. Thus, multi-level modeling approaches tend to take advantage of different theoretical and practical backgrounds. In this paper, we propose a unifying framework, the Multi-Level Modeling Playground (MLMP), which is a validating modeling environment for multi-level modeling research. The MLMP environment is based on our multi-layer modeling framework (the Dynamic Multi-Layer Algebra), which provides useful mechanisms to validate different multi-level modeling constructs. Since beyond the structure also the well-formedness rules of the modeling constructs can be specified, our proposed MLMP environment delivers several practical benefits: i) well-formedness is always verified, ii) multi-level constructs can be experimented with independently of any concrete tool chains, and iii) relationships (i.e., correlations or exclusions) between different multi-level constructs can be easily investigated in practice. Also, the capability of the environment is demonstrated via complete examples inspired by state-of-the-art research literature.
Model-driven engineering for mobile robotic systems: a systematic mapping study
Authors: Casalaro Giuseppina Lucia , Cattivera Giulio , Ciccozzi Federico , Malavolta Ivano , Wortmann Andreas , Pelliccione Patrizio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMobile robots operate in various environments (e.g. aquatic, aerial, or terrestrial), they come in many diverse shapes and they are increasingly becoming parts of our lives. The successful engineering of mobile robotics systems demands the interdisciplinary collaboration of experts from different domains, such as mechanical and electrical engineering, artificial intelligence, and systems engineering. Research and industry have tried to tackle this heterogeneity by proposing a multitude of model-driven solutions to engineer the software of mobile robotics systems. However, there is no systematic study of the state of the art in model-driven engineering (MDE) for mobile robotics systems that could guide research or practitioners in finding model-driven solutions and tools to efficiently engineer mobile robotics systems. The paper is contributing to this direction by providing a map of software engineering research in MDE that investigates (1) which types of robots are supported by existing MDE approaches, (2) the types and characteristics of MRSs that are engineered using MDE approaches, (3) a description of how MDE approaches support the engineering of MRSs, (4) how existing MDE approaches are validated, and (5) how tools support existing MDE approaches. We also provide a replication package to assess, extend, and/or replicate the study. The results of this work and the highlighted challenges can guide researchers and practitioners from robotics and software engineering through the research landscape.
“Old” and “new” contaminants and their management: learning from the past, looking to the future
Authors: Gibson Gillian , Cundy Andrew , Kafwamfwa Nswana , Stewart Alex 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWithin the 50 year lifetime of the Society for Environmental Geochemistry and Health (SEGH), we have seen a number of contaminants transfer from being the wonder chemical of their day through to becoming current contaminants of concern. This is also true for a variety of emerging contaminants such as plastic microbeads, pharmaceutical residues, and fire retardant chemicals, amongst others. This thought piece discusses the risk associated with a range of these emerging contaminants, their global nature, how existing models and frameworks can be applied to deal with their impacts, and research and management gaps and challenges.
Graphic Abstract
Use of digital health technologies to examine subjective and objective sleep with next-day cognition and daily indicators of health in persons with and without HIV
Authors: Sun-Suslow Ni , Campbell Laura M. , Tang Bin , Fisher Arin C. , Lee Ellen , Paolillo Emily W. , Heaton Anne , Moore Raeanne C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMost previous studies investigating sleep’s association with health outcomes have relied on averaged sleep quality and laboratory-based health measures. This study examines the dynamic within-person relationships between subjective (Ecological Momentary Assessment) and objective sleep (actigraphy) on next-day cognition (subjective and objective), mood, and engagement in daily activities using linear mixed-effects regression modeling. Participants included 94 individuals (59 people with HIV, 35 HIV-) aged 50–74, assessed daily for 14 consecutive days/nights. Subjective and objective sleep were well correlated and were both associated with subjective ratings of cognition, but not objective cognition. Worse subjective sleep was associated with next-day lower happiness and higher depressed mood, and more pain, but was not related to next-day daily activities. Objective sleep was associated with next-day depressed mood and feelings of worry, and was positively associated with next-day television watching. Results provide evidence to support the utility of real-time assessment for sleep and functional outcomes that may lead to potential personalized interventions for individuals with and without HIV.
The immigrant-native wage gap in Germany revisited
Authors: Ingwersen Kai , Thomsen Stephan L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study provides new evidence on the levels of economic integration experienced by foreigners and naturalised immigrants relative to native Germans from 1994 to 2015. We decompose the wage gap using the method for unconditional quantile regression models by employing a regression of the (recentered) influence function (RIF) of the gross hourly wage on a rich set of explanatory variables. This approach enables us to estimate contributions made across the whole wage distribution. To allow for a detailed characterisation of labour market conditions, we consider a comprehensive set of socio-economic and labour-related aspects capturing influences of, e.g., human capital quality, cultural background, and the personalities of immigrants. The decomposition results clearly indicate a significant growing gap with higher wages for both foreigners (13.6 to 17.6%) and naturalised immigrants (10.0 to 16.4%). The findings further display a low explanation for the wage gap in low wage deciles that is even more pronounced within immigrant subgroups. Cultural and economic distances each correlate strongly with wages. A different appreciation of foreign educational qualifications, however, widens the wage gap substantially by 4.5%points on average. Moreover, we observe an indication of deterioration of immigrants’ human capital endowments over time relative to those of native Germans.
How to do Better N400 Studies: Reproducibility, Consistency and Adherence to Research Standards in the Existing Literature
Authors: Šoškić Anđela , Jovanović Vojislav , Styles Suzy J. , Kappenman Emily S. , Ković Vanja 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGiven the complexity of ERP recording and processing pipeline, the resulting variability of methodological options, and the potential for these decisions to influence study outcomes, it is important to understand how ERP studies are conducted in practice and to what extent researchers are transparent about their data collection and analysis procedures. The review gives an overview of methodology reporting in a sample of 132 ERP papers, published between January 1980 – June 2018 in journals included in two large databases: Web of Science and PubMed. Because ERP methodology partly depends on the study design, we focused on a well-established component (the N400) in the most commonly assessed population (healthy neurotypical adults), in one of its most common modalities (visual images). The review provides insights into 73 properties of study design, data pre-processing, measurement, statistics, visualization of results, and references to supplemental information across studies within the same subfield. For each of the examined methodological decisions, the degree of consistency, clarity of reporting and deviations from the guidelines for best practice were examined. Overall, the results show that each study had a unique approach to ERP data recording, processing and analysis, and that at least some details were missing from all papers. In the review, we highlight the most common reporting omissions and deviations from established recommendations, as well as areas in which there was the least consistency. Additionally, we provide guidance for a priori selection of the N400 measurement window and electrode locations based on the results of previous studies.
Measurement properties of the ICECAP-A capability well-being instrument among dermatological patients
Authors: Rencz Fanni , Mitev Ariel Z. , Jenei Balázs , Brodszky Valentin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Capability well-being captures well-being based on people’s ability to do the things they value in life. So far, no capability well-being measures have been validated in dermatological patients.

Objectives
To validate the adult version of the ICEpop CAPability measure (ICECAP-A) in patients with dermatological conditions. We aimed to test floor and ceiling effects, structural, convergent and known-group validity, and measurement invariance.

Methods
In 2020, an online, cross-sectional survey was carried out in Hungary. Respondents with self-reported physician-diagnosed dermatological conditions completed the ICECAP-A, Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), WHO-5 Well-Being Index and two dermatology-specific measures, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and Skindex-16.

Results
618 respondents (mean age 51 years) self-reported a physician-diagnosed dermatological condition, with warts, eczema, onychomycosis, acne and psoriasis being the most common. ICECAP-A performed well with no floor and mild ceiling effects. The violation of local independence assumption was found between the attributes of ‘attachment’ and ‘enjoyment’. ICECAP-A index scores correlated strongly with SWLS and WHO-5 (rs = 0.597–0.644) and weakly with DLQI and Skindex-16 (rs = − 0.233 to − 0.292). ICECAP-A was able to distinguish between subsets of patients defined by education and income level, marital, employment and health status. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis indicated measurement invariance across most of these subgroups.

Conclusions
This is the first study to validate a capability well-being measure in patients with dermatological conditions. The ICECAP-A was found to be a valid tool to assess capability well-being in dermatological patients. Future work is recommended to test measurement properties of ICECAP-A in chronic inflammatory skin conditions.
Sphingolipids as a Novel Therapeutic Target in Radiation-Induced Lung Injury
Authors: Jacobson Jeffrey R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRadiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is a potential complication of thoracic radiotherapy that can result in pneumonitis or pulmonary fibrosis and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The pathobiology of RILI is complex and includes the generation of free radicals and DNA damage that precipitate oxidative stress, endothelial cell (EC), and epithelial cell injury and inflammation. While the cellular events involved continue to be elucidated and characterized, targeted and effective therapies for RILI remain elusive. Sphingolipids are known to mediate EC function including many of the cell signaling events associated with the elaboration of RILI. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and S1P analogs enhance EC barrier function in vitro and have demonstrated significant protective effects in vivo in a variety of acute lung injury models including RILI. Similarly, statin drugs that have pleiotropic effects that include upregulation of EC S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1) have been found to be strongly protective in a small animal RILI model. Thus, targeting of EC sphingosine signaling, either directly or indirectly, to augment EC function and thereby attenuate EC permeability and inflammatory responses, represents a novel and promising therapeutic strategy for the prevention or treatment of RILI.