bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liver and Spleen Stiffness Surveillance Through Elastography During and After Direct‐Acting Antiviral Therapy in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Chen Sheng‐Hung , Lai Hsueh‐Chou , Su Wen‐Pang , Kao Jung‐Ta , Chuang Po‐Heng , Hsu Wei‐Fan , Wang Hung‐Wei , Tsai Tsung‐Yu , Chen Hung‐Yao , Peng Cheng‐Yuan 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesDirect‐acting antiviral agents achieve a high cure rate, resulting in early hepatic necroinflammatory resolution and sustained fibrosis regression. This study aimed to obtain longitudinal, concurrent within‐subject measurements of liver stiffness (LS) and spleen stiffness (SS) and their correlates over time.MethodsParticipants with hepatitis C (n = 592) receiving direct‐acting antiviral‐based therapy were monitored through point shear‐wave elastography from the treatment baseline (TW0) across follow‐up visits in terms of LS and SS.ResultsGeneralized linear mixed modeling indicated that all LS values (2301 visits) were negatively correlated with the follow‐up times (all P < .05) from TW0 to 24 weeks (PW24) after the end of treatment (EOT) and positively correlated with baseline LS values (P < .001). The slopes of declines (preceding minus next) differed significantly (P < .001) between TW0–TW4 (treatment week 4) (0.060 [−0.050 to 0.225] meter/second/month [m/s/mo]) and TW4–EOT (0.010 [−0.030 to 0.075] m/s/mo). All SS values (1704 visits) were negatively correlated with time only at PW24 (P < .001) and positively correlated with baseline SS values (P < .001). The slopes of the SS values differed significantly (P < .001) only between EOT–PW12 (−0.010 [−0.110 to 0.083] m/s/mo) and PW12–PW24 (0.043 [−0.063 to 0.160] m/s/mo).ConclusionsThe biphasic fast‐to‐slow decline in LS occurred early in the on‐treatment phase, which is consistent with the resolution of hepatic necroinflammation. The slow‐to‐fast decline in SS occurred off treatment. Future studies should investigate the association with regressions in liver fibrosis and portal hypertension.
The Demographics of Patients Presenting for Laryngological Care at an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Madden Lyndsay L. , Hernandez Brian O. , Russell Gregory B. , Wright S. Carter , Kiell Eleanor P. 
Published: August 2021

Objectives/HypothesisFew studies address the demographics/epidemiology/socioeconomic status of patients presenting to a laryngologist at a tertiary care center for treatment. To identify any possible disparities in voice, airway, and swallowing care, we sought to analyze the aforementioned data for new patients presenting to the voice center at an academic medical center.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of prospectively collected data from an institutional database of 4,623 new adult patients presenting for laryngological care at a tertiary care, academic medical center from 2015 to 2020. Demographic data were analyzed.ResultsOf 4,623 patients, 62.8% were female and 37.2% were male with ages ranging from 19 to 99 years (Avg 59.51, standard deviation 15.83). Patients were 81.8% white, 13% black, and 5.2% other, compared with 56.3% white, 34.8% black, 20% other in the local municipality from US Census Data. Payer mix included 46.98% Medicare, 42.59% commercial insurance, 3.22% Medicaid, 5.19% other, and 2.01% uninsured/self‐insured. Patient demographics based on primary diagnosis codes were also examined. A majority of patients presented with voice‐related complaints.ConclusionsUnderstanding the demographics of those with laryngological disorders will help to develop targeted interventions and effective outreach programs for underrepresented patient populations. Future multicenter studies could provide further insight into the distribution of healthcare disparities in laryngology.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:626–632, 2022
Comparison of the Signal Intensity of Vestibular Schwannoma Between Growing and Nongrowing Tumors
Authors: Yamada Hiroyuki , Kai Naruhiko , Hiratsuka Yoshiyasu , Mitani Sohei , Suehiro Satoshi , Shiraishi Yasuhiro , Kimura Takuya , Takagi Taro , Iwata Shinji , Teraoka Masato , Wakisaka Hiroyuki , Hato Naohito 
Published: August 2021

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine the relationship between signal intensity on gadolinium (Gd)‐enhanced magnetic resonance images and growth of vestibular schwannomas (VSs).Study DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we retrospectively reviewed the data of 31 patients with VSs who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The mean signal intensities within the regions of interest in the tumor, pons, and temporal muscles were measured on Gd‐enhanced T1‐weighted MRI. Relative intensity ratios were calculated as follows: T/N pons ratio (T/Np) is the tumor signal intensity/pons signal intensity and T/N muscle ratio (T/Nm) is the tumor signal intensity/temporal muscle signal intensity. Volume measurements were used to assess the tumor size. Growth rate was determined by assessing previous imaging studies. Growing VS was defined as a tumor with a growth rate >100 mm3/year.ResultsThe mean (standard deviation) T/Np and T/Nm were 1.47 (0.27) and 1.50 (0.24), respectively, in nongrowing tumors and 1.78 (0.17) and 1.90 (0.12), respectively, in growing tumors. The T/Np and T/Nm differed significantly between the two groups (T/Np, P < .001; T/Nm, P < .001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that cutoffs of 1.56 and 1.76 for T/Np (93.33% sensitivity, 75.00% specificity) and T/Nm (100.00% sensitivity, 93.75% specificity), respectively, could be used to diagnose a growth rate of >100 mm3/year. The area under the curve was 0.85 (95% confidence interval, 0.70–1.00) for T/Np and 0.94 (0.82–1.00) for T/Nm.ConclusionGrowing VSs show higher signal intensities on Gd‐enhanced MRI. Thus, measuring the signal intensity of VS on Gd‐enhanced MRI may aid in predicting VS growth.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:198–203, 2022
Does MDS‐UPDRS Provide Greater Sensitivity to Mild Disease than UPDRS in De Novo Parkinson's Disease?
Authors: Tosin Michelle H.S. , Stebbins Glenn T. , Comella Cynthia , Patterson Charity G. , Hall Deborah A. ,   the SPARX Study Group
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe Movement Disorder Society revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS‐UPDRS) was designed to be more sensitive to mild motor severity than the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS).ObjectiveTo test whether MDS‐UPDRS Part III items provide increased sensitivity to mild motor severity when compared to the same items of the UPDRS in de novo PD patients.MethodUsing a sample of 129 de novo PD patients assessed at one time point simultaneously with both scales, we compared the scale's scores on the 17 items measuring the same motor function. The scaling anchors for the MDS‐UPDRS were Slight, Mild, Moderate and Severe, and for the UPDRS were Mild, Moderate, Severe and Marked. Using Classical Test Theory (CTT) we compared the distributions of the scaling anchors from the individual items. Using Item Response Theory (IRT), we examined the sensitivity of the scaling anchors from each scale to the latent‐trait measurement of overall parkinsonian motor severity.ResultsThere was 2193 observations of individual scaling anchors from the 17 items in both scales. The CTT approach revealed frequent floor effects with only the item assessing Gait demonstrating a significance difference in the scaling distribution between the scales (P = 0.005). The IRT analyses revealed similar levels of sensitivity to the latent trait of PD motor function.ConclusionThese results do not support increased sensitivity of MDS‐UPDRS over the UPDRS for assessing mild motor severity in de novo PD patients, with significant difference in the scaling only for the item assessing gait.
Registration of ‘Plainsmen’ tall wheatgrass
Authors: Trammell Michael A. , Hopkins Andrew A. , Butler Twain J. , Walker Dennis 
Published: August 2021

Abstract‘Plainsmen’ (Reg. no. CV‐288, PI 698191) tall wheatgrass [Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Z.‐W. Liu & R.‐C. Wang], also tested under the experimental designations NFTW6020 and Jose FYLD C1, was developed by the Noble Research Institute and released in 2014. A population was developed from selections from the cultivar ‘Jose’ for persistence under grazing and two cycles of selection for digestibility. The parents of Plainsmen were selected using within‐ and among‐family selection from this population based on autumn forage yield greater than 100% of the nursery mean. The heading date of Plainsmen in Ardmore, OK, is on average 5 d earlier than that of Jose. Seed size, as indicated by 1,000‐seed weight, of Plainsmen (4,724 mg) was greater than that of Jose (4,161 mg) and ‘Platte’ (3,143 mg). Persistence was improved by selection, with stands of Plainsmen ranging from 90 to 294% greater than stands of Jose across three locations. Total autumn forage yields of Plainsmen were greater by 45 and 53% than those of Jose at Iowa Park, TX, and Ardmore, OK, respectively. Crude protein and digestibility of Plainsmen and Jose were similar in both the autumn and spring, despite earlier maturity of Plainsmen. Seedling vigor, using a visual rating scale of 0–5, was greater for Plainsmen (4.3) than Jose (2.7). Plainsmen was released due to its improved autumn forage yield and persistence under grazing relative to Jose.
Model dynamic covalent organogels based on end‐linked three‐armed oligo(ethylene glycol) star macromonomers
Authors: Apostolides Demetris E. , Patrickios Costas S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDynamic covalent polymer networks represent a rapidly emerging class of polymeric materials, capable of self‐repairing when mechanically damaged. These materials also possess the ability to being dissolved and reformed, conferring upon objects made of such materials a longer service life, with positive economic and environmental impacts. While most such materials developed to date have a poorly‐defined structure, as they are randomly cross‐linked, better‐defined dynamic covalent polymer networks comprising model building blocks attract increasing interest, both because of enhanced mechanical properties and offering themselves for more precise studies. This investigation presents the development of model dynamic covalent polymer networks, cross‐linked via acylhydrazone bonds, and based on end‐linked star oligomers, that is, having a size intermediate between polymeric stars and monomers. After their appropriate end‐functionalization and purification, the oligomeric star building blocks were used to form polymeric networks in an organic solvent (organogels), which were subsequently characterized in terms of their swelling, mechanical, and dynamic properties.
Computational modeling reveals key molecular properties and dynamic behavior of disruptor of telomeric silencing 1‐like (DOT1L) and partnering complexes involved in leukemogenesis
Authors: Stodola Timothy J. , Chi Young‐In , De Assuncao Thiago M. , Leverence Elise N. , Tripathi Swarnendu , Dsouza Nikita R. , Mathison Angela J. , Volkman Brian F. , Smith Brian C. , Lomberk Gwen , Zimmermann Michael T. , Urrutia Raul 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDisruptor of telomeric silencing 1‐like (DOT1L) is the only non‐SET domain histone lysine methyltransferase (KMT) and writer of H3K79 methylation on nucleosomes marked by H2B ubiquitination. DOT1L has elicited significant attention because of its interaction or fusion with members of the AF protein family in blood cell biology and leukemogenic transformation. Here, our goal was to extend previous structural information by performing a robust molecular dynamic study of DOT1L and its leukemogenic partners combined with mutational analysis. We show that statically and dynamically, D161, G163, E186, and F223 make frequent time‐dependent interactions with SAM, while additional residues T139, K187, and N241 interact with SAM only under dynamics. Dynamics models reveal DOT1L, SAM, and H4 moving as one and show that more than twice the number of DOT1L residues interacts with these partners, relative to the static structure. Mutational analyses indicate that six of these residues are intolerant to substitution. We describe the dynamic behavior of DOT1L interacting with AF10 and AF9. Studies on the dynamics of a heterotrimeric complex of DOT1L1‐AF10 illuminated describe coordinated motions that impact the relative position of the DOT1L HMT domain to the nucleosome. The molecular motions of the DOT1L–AF9 complex are less extensive and highly dynamic, resembling a swivel‐like mechanics. Through molecular dynamics and mutational analysis, we extend the knowledge previous provided by static measurements. These results are important to consider when describing the biochemical properties of DOT1L, under normal and in disease conditions, as well as for the development of novel therapeutic agents.
Machine Learning‐Based and Experimentally Validated Optimal Adhesive Fibril Designs
Authors: Son Donghoon , Liimatainen Ville , Sitti Metin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSetae, fibrils located on a gecko's feet, have been an inspiration of synthetic dry microfibrillar adhesives in the last two decades for a wide range of applications due to unique properties: residue‐free, repeatable, tunable, controllable and silent adhesion; self‐cleaning; and breathability. However, designing dry fibrillar adhesives is limited by a template‐based‐design‐approach using a pre‐determined bioinspired T‐ or wedge‐shaped mushroom tip. Here, a machine learning‐based computational approach to optimize designs of adhesive fibrils is shown, exploring a much broader design space. A combination of Bayesian optimization and finite element methods creates novel optimal designs of adhesive fibrils, which are fabricated by two‐photon‐polymerization‐based 3D microprinting and double‐molding‐based replication out of polydimethylsiloxane. Such optimal elastomeric fibril designs outperform previously proposed designs by maximum 77% in the experiments of dry adhesion performance on smooth surfaces. Furthermore, finite‐element‐analyses reveal that the adhesion of the fibrils is sensitive to the 3D fibril stem shape, tensile deformation, and fibril microfabrication limits, which contrast with the previous assumptions that mostly neglect the deformation of the fibril tip and stem, and focus only on the fibril tip geometry. The proposed computational fibril design could help design future optimal fibrils with less help from human intuition.
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and risk of bleeding and acute ischemic events in non‐hypertensive Alzheimer's patients
Authors: Al‐Hamed Faez Saleh , Kouniaris Stamatis , Tamimi Iskandar , Lordkipanidzé Marie , Madathil Sreenath Arekunnath , Kezouh Abbas , Karp Igor , Nicolau Belinda , Tamimi Faleh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionAcetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) are commonly used to treat mild to moderate cases of Alzheimer disease (AD). To the best of our knowledge, there has been no study estimating the risk of bleeding and cardiovascular events in patients with non‐hypertensive AD. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the association between AChEIs and the risk of bleeding and cardiovascular ischemic events in patients with non‐hypertensive AD.MethodsA nested case‐control study was conducted to estimate the risk of bleeding and ischemic events (angina, myocardial infarction [MI], and stroke) in patients with AD. This study was conducted using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink and Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) databases. The study cohort consisted of AD patients ≥65 years of age. The case groups included all AD subjects in the database who had a bleeding or ischemic event during the cohort follow‐up. Four controls were selected for each case. Patients were classified as current users or past users based on a 60‐day threshold of consuming the drug. Simple and multivariable conditional logistic regression analyses were used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio for bleeding events and cardiovascular events.ResultsWe identified 507 cases and selected 2028 controls for the bleeding event cohort and 555 cases and 2220 controls for the ischemic event cohort. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) for the association of AChEI use was 0.93 (0.75 to 1.16) for bleeding events, 2.58 (1.01 to 6.59) for angina, and 1.89 (1.07 to 3.33) for MI. Past users of AChEIs were also at increased risk of stroke (1.51 [1.00 to 2.27]).DiscussionThis is the first study assessing the risk of bleeding and cardiovascular events in patients with non‐hypertensive AD. Our findings could be of great interest for clinicians and researchers working on AD.
Introduction: Music, from Intangible Cultural Heritage to the Music Industry
Authors: de-Miguel-Molina Blanca , Boix-Doménech Rafael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOur first contact with music is almost certainly in our childhood when our parents sing lullabies to us at bedtime. In a community where music is important, these songs are likely to be successfully transmitted from one generation to the next. This is similar to the concept of intangible cultural heritage and how it is transmitted.
Non-flat elliptic four-folds, three-form cohomology and strongly coupled theories in four dimensions
Authors: Oehlmann Paul-Konstantin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this note we consider smooth elliptic Calabi-Yau four-folds whose fiber ceases to be flat over compact Riemann surfaces of genus g in the base. These non-flat fibers contribute Kähler moduli to the four-fold but also add to the three-form cohomology for g > 0. In F-/M-theory these sectors are to be interpreted as compactifications of six/five dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 0) superconformal matter theories. The three-form cohomology leads to additional chiral singlets proportional to the dimension of five dimensional Coulomb branch of those sectors. We construct explicit examples for E-string theories as well as higher rank cases. For the E-string theories we further investigate conifold transitions that remove those non-flat fibers. First we show how non-flat fibers can be deformed from curves down to isolated points in the base. This removes the chiral singlet of the three-forms and leads to non-perturbative four-point couplings among matter fields which can be understood as remnants of the former E-string. Alternatively the non-flat fibers can be avoided by performing birational base changes analogous to 6D tensor branches. For compact bases these transitions alternate all Hodge numbers but leave the Euler number invariant.
Endoskopische Ohrchirurgie in Deutschland
Authors: Agha-Mir-Salim Parwis , Kropp Miriam , Müller Alexander 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
International hat sich die endoskopische Ohrchirurgie („endoscopic ear surgery“, EES) fest etabliert. In Deutschland wird sie kontrovers diskutiert und unterschiedlich angewendet. Daher erfolgte eine Umfrage zu Angebot, Indikationen, Kontraindikationen und zum zukünftigen Stellenwert der EES.

Methodik
An 141 deutsche Universitäts- und Hauptabteilungen für HNO-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie wurde ein Fragebogen mit 20 Fragen versendet. Die Ergebnisse wurden anhand aktueller Literatur gemäß Suche in PubMed und Google Scholar erörtert.

Ergebnisse
Der Umfragerücklauf betrug 32 % (45 Kliniken). Die EES meist flankierend durchzuführen, gaben 27 Kliniken (60 % der Antwortenden) an. Nur eine Klinik führte alle Ohreingriffe ausschließlich endoskopisch durch. Bei Auftreten intraoperativer Blutungen, Bohrarbeiten am Mastoid oder bei Notwendigkeit bimanuellen Arbeitens wurde zur mikroskopischen Technik („microscopic ear surgery“, MES) gewechselt. Als häufigste Indikationen für die EES wurden Tympanoskopie, Cholesteatom, Retraktionstasche, Eingriffe am Trommelfell und am Gehörgang angegeben. Der Aufwand bei der EES wurde in rund 50 % aller Antworten höher als in der MES eingeschätzt. Bei den EES-Kliniken dominierte mit 78 % der Tragusknorpel als rekonstruktives Transplantat. Nur 4 von 45 antwortenden Kliniken schätzten den zukünftigen Stellenwert der EES in Deutschland als hoch ein.

Schlussfolgerung
Die EES wird in Deutschland zwar eingesetzt, jedoch nur in wenigen HNO-Kliniken in größerem Umfang angewendet. Als problematisch gelten das einhändige Arbeiten, die Durchführung von Bohrarbeiten, Beherrschung von Blutungen und der insgesamt als höher eingeschätzte Aufwand. Häufig wird deshalb die EES flankierend am Ohr angewendet und zwischen EES und MES gewechselt.
Nonclinical pharmacology of daridorexant: a new dual orexin receptor antagonist for the treatment of insomnia
Authors: Roch Catherine , Bergamini Giorgio , Steiner Michel A. , Clozel Martine 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs) represent a novel type of sleep medication that provide an alternative to the traditionally used positive allosteric gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-A receptor modulators. Daridorexant is a new DORA that exhibited in phase 3 trials in insomnia not only a beneficial effect on sleep variables, measured objectively and assessed subjectively, but also an improvement in daytime functioning. Daridorexant was discovered through a tailored research program aimed at identifying an optimized sleep-promoting molecule with pharmacokinetic properties appropriate for covering the whole night while avoiding next-morning residual activity at efficacious doses. By specific binding to both orexin receptors, daridorexant inhibits the actions of the wake-promoting orexin (also called hypocretin) neuropeptides. This mechanism avoids a more widespread inhibition of neuronal pathways and associated side effects that are intrinsic to positive allosteric GABA-A receptor modulators. Here, we review the general pharmacology of daridorexant, based on nonclinical pharmacology studies of daridorexant, unpublished or already described, or based on work with other DORAs. Some unique features of daridorexant will be highlighted, such as the promotion of natural and surmountable sleep, the preservation of memory and cognition, the absence of tolerance development or risk of physical dependence, and how it can benefit daytime functioning.
Laser performance and investigation of the optimal density functional and the dependence of the basis sets for (E, E)-2,5-bis (3,4-dimethoxystyryl) pyrazine (BDP) molecule
Authors: Sakr Mahmoud A. S. , Gawad Sayed A. Abdel , El-Daly Samy A. , Kana Maram T. H. Abou , Ebeid El-Zeiny M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis manuscript includes some photophysical parameters and some optical properties such as absorption and emission spectra of the (E, E)-2,5-bis (3,4-dimethoxystyryl) pyrazine (BDP) by applying sol–gel and copolymer matrices. The BDP molecular structure is incorporated in sol–gel matrix and copolymer of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). In case of sol–gel matrix, the BDP molecular structure has higher quantum yield in addition to photostability maxima. The laser behavior of this molecular structure containing sol–gel matrix is good senior compared to copolymer one via using diode laser (450 nm) as pumping laser of power 160 mW. Also, the fluorescence profile of the BDP molecular structure is sensitized via using cadmium sulfide (CdS) quantum dots (QDs) by applying sol–gel host. The optimized structure of the BDP molecule is obtained via applying B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory. The electronic absorption and emission spectra of the BDP molecular structure in ethanol solvent were calculated using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) at CAM-B3LYP/6-31G +  + (d, p) level. The obtained theoretical results were compared to experimental ones.