bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Acromioclavicular Osteoarthritis in Rotator Cuff Tears: A Scoping Review
Authors: Compagnoni Riccardo , Stoppani Carlo , Menon Alessandra , Cosmelli Nicolò , Fossati Chiara , Ranuccio Francesco , Randelli Pietro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose The treatment of acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) osteoarthritis during shoulder arthroscopy is a discussed topic. The aim of this scoping review is to report the current recommendations regarding the management of this disorder in patients undergoing surgery for rotator cuff tears.
Methods A scoping review was performed in Pubmed\Medline and Embase in March 2017, restricted to English language literature. The following keywords were used: (“rotator cuff tear” OR ” rotator cuff” OR “rotator cuff repair”) AND (“acromioclavicular joint arthritis” OR “ac joint arthritis” OR “ac joint” OR “acromioclavicular joint”). Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials, prospective cohort studies, retrospective trials, and therapeutic case series. Exclusion criteria were reviews, meta-analyses, and expert opinions.
Results Two retrospective studies and three randomized controlled trials were identified. Clinical studies reported results of 443 shoulders, with an average age of 60.48 years and a mean follow-up of 31.7 months. Many differences were found regarding the design of the studies, patient's selection, surgical procedures, and instrumental and clinical evaluations. No statistically significant differences were found in clinical outcome scores between patients that underwent rotator cuff repair in association with distal clavicular resection and patients with isolated rotator cuff repair.
Conclusion Results of this scoping review underline a lack of evidence-based recommendations about the management of ACJ osteoarthritis in association with arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Surgical procedures such as distal clavicle resection (DCR) should be performed carefully in this cohort of patients. More prospective randomized studies are needed to reach a consensus about the correct surgical approach to DCR in patients with signs of ACJ osteoarthritis and rotator cuff tears.
Level of Evidence Level III.
Symptomatic Heterotopic Gastric Mucosa in Distal Esophagus
Authors: Seth Avnish Kumar , Gupta Mahesh Kumar , Kaur Gursimran , Jain Priti , Bansal Rinkesh Kumar 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction Heterotopic gastric mucosa (HGM) in esophagus is commonly noted as an inlet patch at endoscopy. We describe a rare patient with symptomatic distal esophageal HGM.
Case Report A 40-year-old male presented with retrosternal pain and marked odynophagia for the last 4 weeks without any history of ingestion of antibiotics, foreign body, or corrosive. Endoscopy showed abrupt circumferential transition to salmon pink mucosa at 35 cm from incisors. From 35 to 41 cm, there were areas of polypoid edematous thickening with few superficial ulcers of 1 to 3 mm. Squamous epithelium was visualized at narrow band imaging from 41 cm to the Z-line at 43 cm with no hiatus hernia. Biopsy showed gastric-type mucosa with parietal cells without dysplasia. Serology for cytomegalovirus and human immunodeficiency virus was negative. He was managed with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and prokinetics and improved symptomatically. Follow-up endoscopy at 3 months demonstrated healing of ulcers with persistence of HGM and pseudopolyps. He remains well on maintenance with PPI at 1-year follow-up.
Conclusion Symptomatic HGM in distal esophagus is rare and can be differentiated from Barrett’s esophagus histologically and by presence of squamous epithelium between HGM and stomach. Inflammatory mass lesions may develop and mimic esophageal malignancy. Symptoms are largely due to acid production and usually respond to PPI.
Family firm internationalization: Past research and an agenda for the future
Authors: Arregle Jean-Luc , Chirico Francesco , Kano Liena , Kundu Sumit K. , Majocchi Antonio , Schulze William S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough the study of family firm internationalization has generated considerable scholarly attention, existing research has offered varied and at times incompatible findings on how family ownership and management shape internationalization. To improve our understanding of family firm internationalization, we systematically review 220 conceptual and empirical studies published over the past three decades, structuring our comprehensive overview of this field according to seven core international business (IB) themes. We assess the literature and propose directions for future research by developing an integrative framework of family firm internationalization that links IB theory with conceptual perspectives used in the reviewed body of work. We propose a research agenda that advocates a cross-disciplinary, multi-theoretic, and cross-level approach to studying family firm internationalization. We conclude that family firm internationalization research has the potential to contribute valuable insights to IB scholarship by increasing attention to conceptual and methodological issues, including micro-level affective motivations, background social institutions, temporal perspectives, and multi-level analyses.
Rocky Mountain subalpine forests now burning more than any time in recent millennia
Authors: Higuera Philip E. , Shuman Bryan N. , Wolf Kyra D. 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Climate change is increasing wildfire activity across the western United States, with unprecedented rates of burning expected in many western forests by mid-century. Here, we use a unique network of fire history records to show that after the extreme 2020 fire season, Rocky Mountain subalpine forests are now burning more than at any point in the past 2,000 y, exceeding variability experienced in response to past climate extremes. Increasingly warm, dry conditions in the 21st century are enabling the exceptional rates of burning, including 2020, consistent with long-standing links between climate and fire in subalpine forests. Continued warming will reinforce newly emerging fire regimes, with significant implications for ecosystems and society.
Host’s guardian protein counters degenerative symbiont evolution
Authors: Koga Ryuichi , Tanahashi Masahiko , Nikoh Naruo , Hosokawa Takahiro , Meng Xian-Ying , Moriyama Minoru , Fukatsu Takema 
Published: June 2021

Significance
When laying eggs, plataspid stinkbugs deposit small packets called “symbiont capsules.” Newborn stinkbugs suck the capsules to acquire a bacterial mutualist. Without the symbiont, the babies cannot grow and die. Due to the long-lasting symbiosis, the symbiont has experienced genome reduction and become uncultivable. Within the capsules, however, the symbiont can survive for over a week outside the host. Why and how? Here, we uncover a molecular secret implemented in the symbiont capsules. Mother stinkbugs massively produce a special intestinal secretion protein, PMDP, at the expense of their own survival. PMDP embeds the fragile symbiont cells and protects them within the capsules. The host-provisioned molecule for sustaining symbiosis may be utilized for cultivation and/or preservation of fastidious microorganisms.
The iron chaperone and nucleic acid–binding activities of poly(rC)-binding protein 1 are separable and independently essential
Authors: Patel Sarju J. , Protchenko Olga , Shakoury-Elizeh Minoo , Baratz Ethan , Jadhav Shyamalagauri , Philpott Caroline C. 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Poly(rC)-binding protein 1 (PCBP1) regulates multiple cellular processes; many studies have focused on its role in tumor formation and metastasis through its capacity to bind nucleic acids. PCBP1 binds to DNA and RNA and mediates interactions with other proteins that affect transcription and messenger RNA processing. PCBP1 is also an iron chaperone. It binds cytosolic iron as an Fe–glutathione complex and controls the chemical reactivity, sensing, and trafficking of iron in the cell. How are these distinct activities coordinated in a single protein? We identify the iron binding sites on PCBP1 and show that iron and RNA binding occur independently at separate sites. Iron- and RNA-binding activity separately function to prevent DNA damage and prevent cell death.
Increased expression of LAP2β eliminates nuclear membrane ruptures in nuclear lamin–deficient neurons and fibroblasts
Authors: Chen Natalie Y. , Kim Paul H. , Tu Yiping , Yang Ye , Heizer Patrick J. , Young Stephen G. , Fong Loren G. 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Deficiencies or defects in nuclear lamins result in cell toxicity and cause multiple human diseases. Nuclear membrane (NM) ruptures have been implicated in both cell toxicity and disease pathogenesis, but the factors that modulate susceptibility to NM ruptures are unknown. We observed low levels of LAP2β, a chromatin-tethering inner NM protein, in nuclear lamin–deficient neurons and fibroblasts with frequent NM ruptures. Further reducing LAP2β expression markedly increased NM ruptures (without affecting rupture duration), whereas increasing LAP2β virtually abolished NM ruptures—even in cells subjected to mechanical stress. The discovery that increased expression of LAP2β in nuclear lamin–deficient cells prevents NM ruptures represents an unexpected and welcome insight into factors that modulate the structural integrity of the nuclear membranes.
Re-evaluating the importance of discourse-embedding for specificational and predicative clauses
Authors: Van Praet Wout 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper studies the discourse-embedding of specificational clauses, in contrast with predicative ones. Specificational
clauses – which express a variable – value relation – are assumed to have a ‘fixed’ information structure. This follows from the widespread
definition of information structure in terms of a presupposition – focus contrast, which is often conflated with the variable – value
contrast, on the one hand, and with a given – new contrast, on the other. Against these conflations, this study demonstrates that the
specification is a separate layer of meaning, which not only shows variation in terms of focus-marking (Van Praet and O’Grady 2018), but also in terms of its embedding in specific contexts of use. These findings urge us to revisit not
only the basis for distinguishing specificational clauses from predicative ones, but also to separate out the different layers of coded and
pragmatic meaning that have been conflated under the header of ‘information structure’.
Rhagoletis pomonella (apple maggot).
Authors: Schwarz Dietmar 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

R. pomonella is an important pest in apple production and its invasion of a new apple production area would have large economic and environmental impacts, both due to control efforts and likely export restrictions. R. pomonella is an important threat to apple production areas in temperate Europe, East Asia, and New Zealand that all lack apple-infesting tephritid pests. The only known invasion is the colonization of the West Coast of the USA with a recent spillover into parts of British Columbia. The means by which R. pomonella first arrived in the Pacific Northwest are speculative, but could range from natural spread via yet-undiscovered native populations to unintended human transport via larvae in infested fruit or pupae in soil. Its restricted host-use make the apple maggot an easier target for monitoring than extremely polyphagous species such as medfly [Ceratitis capitata], but its natural host, hawthorn [Crataegus monogyna] is widespread in all temperate environments both as a native and ornamental species and could provide a difficult-to-monitor reservoir.
miRNA-based approaches for sustainable control of diseases
Authors: Pentimone Isabella , Ciancio Aurelio 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) were envisioned, in recent years, as alternative, environmental friendly molecular tools to confer crop protection. This view was based on their ability to move across Kingdoms and to modulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, inhibiting pathogens or parasites’ invasive processes or promoting plant favorable microorganisms. Strategies based on miRNAs, complementing the already existing technologies or creating new unexplored ones, are expected to provide valuable tools to reduce crop biotic damage, increasing food production and safety. This review provides a brief overview of miRNA-based technologies applied so far for plant protection and reports some new approaches suggested by recent acquisitions on miRNA.
Fluid and electrolyte balance considerations for female athletes
Authors: Rodriguez‐Giustiniani Paola , Rodriguez‐Sanchez Nidia , Galloway Stuart D.R. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThis review explores the effects of oestrogen and progesterone fluctuations across the menstrual cycle on fluid and electrolyte balance. The review aims to provide information on this topic for the exercising female but also for researchers working in this field. Beginning with a basic introduction to fluid and electrolyte balance, the review goes on to describe how oestrogen and progesterone have independent and integrated roles to play in the regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance. Despite evidence that oestrogen can influence the osmotic threshold for arginine vasopressin release, and that progesterone can influence aldosterone production, these actions do not appear to influence fluid retention, plasma volume changes at rest and during exercise, or electrolyte losses. However, the large inter‐individual variations in hormonal fluctuations throughout the menstrual cycle may mean that specific individuals with high fluctuations could experience disturbances in their fluid and electrolyte balance. During phases of oestrogen dominance (e.g. late‐follicular phase) heat dissipation is promoted, while progesterone dominance (e.g. mid‐luteal phase) promotes heat conservation with overall higher basal body temperature. However, these responses do not consistently lead to any change in observed sweat rates, heat‐stress, or dehydration during exercise. Finally, the literature does not support any difference in fluid retention during post‐exercise rehydration periods conducted at different menstrual cycle phases. Although these mean responses largely reveal no effects on fluid and electrolyte balance, further research is required particularly in those individuals who experience high hormonal fluctuations, and greater exploration of oestrogen to progesterone interactions is warranted.
The construction of categories in sport: Unfair advantages, equality of opportunity and strict attainability
Authors: Camporesi Silvia , Hämäläinen Mika 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTOn 8 September 2020, the Swiss Federal Supreme Sport dismissed the double appeal by Caster Semenya against the decision of the Court for Arbitration of Sport to uphold the World Athletics regulations restricting testosterone levels in female runners. On 24 February 2021, Semenya appealed to the European Court of Human Rights. This is the most recent episode of an international legal case which was ignited at the 2009 Berlin World Track Championship, when Semenya was 18 years old. Semenya's case has generated an intricate web of questions for classification in sport that are yet to be resolved. In this paper we aim to disentangle them. We proceed as follows: we describe the problem of binary classification related to Semenya's case and introduce the concept of property advantage, and the fair equality of opportunity principle. We compare Semenya's case with Eero Mantyranta's case and fail to identify a way according to which the two cases could justifiably be treated differently. We then discuss three possible ways to organize sport categories based on the combination of Loland's fair equality of opportunity principle and our strict attainability criterion, and outline the implications of each alternative for international sports law regulation. Finally, we summarize and outline the legacy of Semenya for the construction of categories in sport.
A convolutional-neural-network estimator of CMB constraints on dark matter energy injection
Authors: Huang Wei-Chih , Kuo Jui-Lin , Tsai Yue-Lin Sming 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We show that the impact of energy injection by dark matter annihilation on the cosmic microwave background power spectra can be apprehended via a residual likelihood map.
By resorting to convolutional neural networks that can fully discover the underlying pattern of the map, we propose a novel way of constraining dark matter annihilation based on the Planck 2018 data.
We demonstrate that the trained neural network can efficiently predict the likelihood and accurately place bounds on the annihilation cross-section in a model-independent fashion. The machinery will be made public in the near future.
Breaking degeneracies with the Sunyaev-Zeldovich full bispectrum
Authors: Ravenni Andrea , Rizzato Matteo , Radinović Slađana , Liguori Michele , Lacasa Fabien , Sellentin Elena 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Non-Gaussian (NG) statistics of the thermal
Sunyaev-Zeldovich (tSZ) effect carry significant information which
is not contained in the power spectrum. Here, we perform a joint
Fisher analysis of the tSZ power spectrum and bispectrum to verify
how much the full bispectrum can contribute to improve parameter
constraints. We go beyond similar studies of this kind in several
respects: first of all, we include the complete power spectrum and
bispectrum (auto- and cross-) covariance in the analysis, computing
all NG contributions; furthermore we consider a multi-component
foreground scenario and model the effects of component separation in
the forecasts; finally, we consider an extended set of both
cosmological and intra-cluster medium parameters. We show that the
tSZ bispectrum is very efficient at breaking parameter degeneracies,
making it able to produce even stronger cosmological constraints
than the tSZ power spectrum: e.g. the standard deviation on
σ8 shrinks from σPS(σ8)=0.35 to
σBS(σ8)=0.065 when we consider a
multi-parameter analysis. We find that this is mostly due to the
different response of separate triangle types (e.g. equilateral and
squeezed) to changes in model parameters. While weak, this shape
dependence is clearly non-negligible for cosmological parameters,
and it is even stronger, as expected, for intra-cluster medium
parameters.
Soft-matter properties of multilayer chromosomes
Authors: Daban Joan-Ramon 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This perspective aims to identify the relationships between the structural and dynamic properties of chromosomes and the fundamental properties of soft-matter systems. Chromatin is condensed into metaphase chromosomes during mitosis. The resulting structures are elongated cylinders having micrometer-scale dimensions. Our previous studies, using transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and cryo-electron tomography, suggested that metaphase chromosomes have a multilayered structure, in which each individual layer has the width corresponding to a mononucleosome sheet. The self-assembly of multilayer chromatin plates from small chromatin fragments suggests that metaphase chromosomes are self-organized hydrogels (in which a single DNA molecule crosslinks the whole structure) with an internal liquid-crystal order produced by the stacking of chromatin layers along the chromosome axis. This organization of chromatin was unexpected, but the spontaneous assembly of large structures has been studied in different soft-matter systems and, according to these studies, the self-organization of chromosomes could be justified by the interplay between weak interactions of repetitive nucleosome building blocks and thermal fluctuations. The low energy of interaction between relatively large building blocks also justifies the easy deformation and structural fluctuations of soft-matter structures and the changes of phase caused by diverse external factors. Consistent with these properties of soft matter, different experimental results show that metaphase chromosomes are easily deformable. Furthermore, at the end of mitosis, condensed chromosomes undergo a phase transition into a more fluid structure, which can be correlated to the decrease in the Mg2+ concentration and to the dissociation of condensins from chromosomes. Presumably, the unstacking of layers and chromatin fluctuations driven by thermal energy facilitate gene expression during interphase.
A novel hybrid algorithm for lucky imaging
Authors: Wang Jin-Liang , Li Bin-Hua , Zhang Xi-Liang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Lucky imaging is a high-resolution astronomical image recovery technique with two classic implementation algorithms, i.e. image selecting, shifting and adding in image space, and data selecting and image synthesizing in Fourier space. This paper proposes a novel lucky imaging algorithm where with space-domain and frequency-domain selection rates as a link, the two classic algorithms are combined successfully, making each algorithm a proper subset of the novel hybrid algorithm. Experimental results show that with the same experiment dataset and platform, the high-resolution image obtained by the proposed algorithm is superior to that obtained by the two classic algorithms. This paper also proposes a new lucky image selection and storage scheme, which can greatly save computer memory and enable lucky imaging algorithm to be implemented in a common desktop or laptop with small memory and to process astronomical images with more frames and larger size. In addition, through simulation analysis, this paper discusses the binary star detection limits of the novel lucky imaging algorithm and traditional ones under different atmospheric conditions.
Secure and Efficient Fire-fly Data Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks in IoT Monitoring Systems
Authors: Kowsalya R. , Rosiline Jeetha B. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the Electronics world the sensor is used in IoT applications. The sensed data need to be transfer to the appropriate devices as input for further processing. Clustering used to group the sensors which could form cluster and select the nodes head from the cluster. The head of each cluster receives the forwarded data through the cluster member and pass on to nearest permanent fixed station. Identifying cluster head and shortest route identification is a major challenge. This paper proposed a novelty on hybrid decision making algorithm with firefly routing algorithm (HDMFRA) for Cluster Head selection. This research work focusing of three main criteria which could save the energy and extend the life activation of the node, through the usage of energy, amount of nodes adjacent and energy consumption from permanent fixed station. To aggregate the data in optimized manner and to transfer the data in efficient manner Fire Fly routing algorithm was used. Simulation results show that proposed algorithm HDMFRA network in homogeneous environment is effective and prolonging the life time of the node by 25%.