bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New insights into dietary management of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) and brown bears (U. arctos)
Authors: Robbins Charles T. , Tollefson Troy N. , Rode Karyn D. , Erlenbach Joy A. , Ardente Amanda J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough polar bears (Ursus maritimus) and brown bears (U. arctos) have been exhibited in zoological gardens for centuries, little is known about their nutritional needs. Multiple recent studies on both wild and captive polar bears and brown bears have found that they voluntarily select dietary macronutrient proportions resulting in much lower dietary protein and higher fat or digestible carbohydrate concentrations than are currently fed in most zoos. These lower protein concentrations selected by both species maximized growth rates and efficiencies of energy utilization in brown bears and may play a role in reducing kidney, liver, and cardiovascular diseases in both species. Therefore, we propose the need for the development of new dietary regimens for both species in managed care that better reflect their macronutrient needs. We developed a new kibble that is higher in fat and lower in protein than typical diets that have been fed in managed care, has a fatty acid profile more consistent with wild bear diets, and has been readily consumed by both brown bears and polar bears. The kibble can be fed as the sole diet or as part of more complex diets with additional fruits, meats, or vegetables. Because many nutritional deficiencies and related diseases can take months or years to appear, we urge caution and continued long‐term monitoring of bears and their diets to ensure their optimal health.
Introduction: Coming to Terms with Technoscience
Authors: Zwart Hub 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn contemporary philosophy of science, continental approaches such as dialectics, phenomenology and psychoanalysis tend to be underrepresented compared to analytical and sociological ones, but the reverse is also true. Whereas continental philosophical discourse tends to focus on author studies, the urgency of coming to terms with contemporary technoscience often remains unrecognised. This volume builds on the conviction that a mutual exposure and confrontation between continental philosophy and contemporary technoscience is urgent and beneficial for both.
Work-Life Integration in Academia: From Myth to Reality
Authors: Barbu Sophie J. , McDonald Karen , Singh Binnie , Grindstaff Laura 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWork-life integration is often considered the stuff of myth, especially for women in academia. The inherent conflict between an identity as a mother or parent and that as a working professional effectively limits diversity efforts in STEM. Addressing this conflict is therefore crucial to creating a more inclusive academic environment. Work-life integration has two fundamental components—structural and cultural. Workplace polices need to enable attainment of work and life goals; at the same time, the work culture is important in assuring individuals take advantage of existing policies. In this chapter, we review several work-life integration interventions at UC Davis, including the Partner Opportunity Program and Capital Resource Network. We discuss the challenges associated with these and other efforts during the implementation of our ADVANCE programs. We also make recommendations for improving work-life integration in academia and beyond—to turn myth into reality.
Advice Not Taken
Authors: Bisson Linda F. , de Leon Siantz Mary Lou , Grindstaff Laura 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAdvice on how to build a more-inclusive academic community is emerging; however, this chapter suggests that such advice warrants “a grain of salt” depending on two circumstances: (1) the organizational culture needing to be “fixed,” and (2) the existence of extra-organizational factors that may shape how transformation can proceed. First, the existing organizational culture affects the processes needed to achieve a more-inclusive community, and defines what “more inclusive” will look like. Programs shown to be effective at one institution might not be effective at another. External factors may also affect local culture. For example, a long-standing ban on affirmative action programs and quota systems at the University of California meant that, even though other institutions found them to be effective, replicating those programs was not an option. The second concern derives from the nature of change needed. Barriers to inclusion are deeply rooted in historical traditions, ideologies, and social practices outside of any single organization, and often these barriers are applied unconsciously. This means genuine cultural transformation will occur only if the organizational community as a whole is committed to that change.
Barriers to Inclusion: Social Roots and Current Concerns
Authors: Grindstaff Laura 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA working knowledge of the roots of, and barriers to, diversity, equity, and inclusion within organizations is essential to creating a more inclusive community, both in and beyond the academy. Structural inequalities arise and are reproduced at multiple levels simultaneously, each reinforcing the other: socially through interaction, culturally through ideas, values, and representations, and institutionally through formal rules and procedures as well as informally through taken-for-granted norms and practices. This chapter focuses primarily on the socio-cultural and cognitive factors identified by scholars as important barriers to achieving a diverse, inclusive academic community. Identity exclusion, stereotyping, and implicit bias, among other barriers, play a role, and, together with inequitable distribution of opportunities and resources, produce and reproduce racial and gendered inequalities. Identifying barriers to inclusion and understanding how they shape behavior is critical to eliminating them.
Black holes with topological charges in Chern-Simons AdS5 supergravity
Authors: Andrianopoli Laura , Giribet Gaston , Díaz Darío López , Miskovic Olivera 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe study static black hole solutions with locally spherical horizons coupled to non-Abelian field in$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 4 Chern-Simons AdS5supergravity. They are governed by three parameters associated to the mass, axial torsion and amplitude of the internal soliton, and two ones to the gravitational hair. They describe geometries that can be a global AdS space, naked singularity or a (non-)extremal black hole. We analyze physical properties of two inequivalent asymptotically AdS solutions when the spatial section at radial infinity is either a 3-sphere or a projective 3-space. An important feature of these 3-parametric solutions is that they possess a topological structure including two SU(2) solitons that wind nontrivially around the black hole horizon, as characterized by the Pontryagin index. In the extremal black hole limit, the solitons’ strengths match and a soliton-antisoliton system unwinds. That limit admits both non-BPS and BPS configurations. For the latter, the pure gauge and non-pure gauge solutions preserve 1/2 and 1/16 of the original supersymmetries, respectively. In a general case, we compute conserved charges in Hamiltonian formalism, finding many similarities with standard supergravity black holes.
Yukawa textures from singular spectral data
Authors: Karkheiran Mohsen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Yukawa textures of effective heterotic models are studied by using singular spectral data. One advantage of this approach is that it is possible to dissect the cohomologies of the bundles into smaller parts and identify the pieces that contain the zero modes, which can potentially have non-zero Yukawa couplings. Another advantage is the manifest relationship between the Yukawa textures in heterotic models and local F-theory models in terms of fields living in bulk or localized inside the 7-branes. We only work with Weierstrass elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau manifolds here. The idea for generalizing this approach to every elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau with rational sections is given at the end of this paper.
Juvenile Dermatomyositis Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (JIS) does not correlate with criteria for clinically inactive disease: a single-centre retrospective evaluation
Authors: Gargh Kapil , Al-Abadi Eslam , Low Samantha , Harrison Kathryn , Coles William , Davis Penny , Johnson Karl 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation (PRINTO) criteria for clinically inactive disease (CID) and their proposal for glucocorticoid tapering do not consider MRI findings, despite the growing use of MRI and development of reliable MRI scoring tools. We aim to evaluate how CID correlates with MRI scores and physician decision making. We retrospectively used the Juvenile Dermatomyositis Imaging Score (JIS) to score MRIs of all children with JDM over a 10-year period. Demographic, diagnosis, treatment and core set measures data were collected. Correlation between CID and JIS was assessed as well as correlation with the physician treatment decision. There were 25 patients with 59 follow-up episodes to analyse correlation between physician treatment decision and JIS; and 50 episodes for the CID category and JIS correlation. JIS was not significantly associated with the CID category but did correlate with the physician decision. No significant association was found between clinical decision and CID category. The JIS area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.80 (95% CI 0.62–0.99) with a score ≥ 8 to predict an escalation. JIS sensitivity and specificity were both 78% with accuracy of 78%, compared to only 67%, 46% and 49%, respectively, for the CID criteria. Clinical criteria alone are not sufficient to assess disease activity status. Clinical decision trends correlated to MRI findings but not PRINTO CID criteria. Multi centre prospective studies are needed to replicate our findings and establish how to best use MRI as a biomarker of disease activity.
Radiation dose reduction with deep-learning image reconstruction for coronary computed tomography angiography
Authors: Benz Dominik C. , Ersözlü Sara , Mojon François L. A. , Messerli Michael , Mitulla Anna K. , Ciancone Domenico , Kenkel David , Schaab Jan A. , Gebhard Catherine , Pazhenkottil Aju P. , Kaufmann Philipp A. , Buechel Ronny R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Deep-learning image reconstruction (DLIR) offers unique opportunities for reducing image noise without degrading image quality or diagnostic accuracy in coronary CT angiography (CCTA). The present study aimed at exploiting the capabilities of DLIR to reduce radiation dose and assess its impact on stenosis severity, plaque composition analysis, and plaque volume quantification.

Methods
This prospective study includes 50 patients who underwent two sequential CCTA scans at normal-dose (ND) and lower-dose (LD). ND scans were reconstructed with Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction-Veo (ASiR-V) 100%, and LD scans with DLIR. Image noise (in Hounsfield units, HU) and quantitative plaque volumes (in mm3) were assessed quantitatively. Stenosis severity was visually categorized into no stenosis (0%), stenosis (< 20%, 20–50%, 51–70%, 71–90%, 91–99%), and occlusion (100%). Plaque composition was classified as calcified, non-calcified, or mixed.

Results
Reduction of radiation dose from ND scans with ASiR-V 100% to LD scans with DLIR at the highest level (DLIR-H; 1.4 mSv vs. 0.8 mSv, p < 0.001) had no impact on image noise (28 vs. 27 HU, p = 0.598). Reliability of stenosis severity and plaque composition was excellent between ND scans with ASiR-V 100% and LD scans with DLIR-H (intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.995 and 0.974, respectively). Comparison of plaque volumes using Bland–Altman analysis revealed a mean difference of − 0.8 mm3 (± 2.5 mm3) and limits of agreement between − 5.8 and + 4.1 mm3.

Conclusion
DLIR enables a reduction in radiation dose from CCTA by 43% without significant impact on image noise, stenosis severity, plaque composition, and quantitative plaque volume.

Key Points
•Deep-learning image reconstruction (DLIR) enables radiation dose reduction by over 40% for coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA).
•Image noise remains unchanged between a normal-dose CCTA reconstructed by ASiR-V and a lower-dose CCTA reconstructed by DLIR.
•There is no impact on the assessment of stenosis severity, plaque composition, and quantitative plaque volume between the two scans.
Stratification of adolescents across mental phenomena emphasizes the importance of transdiagnostic distress: a replication in two general population cohorts
Authors: Stochl Jan , Jones Hannah , Soneson Emma , Wagner Adam P. , Khandaker Golam M. , Zammit Stanley , Heron Jon , Hammerton Gemma , Bullmore Edward T. , Dolan Ray , Fonagy Peter , Goodyer Ian M. , Perez J. , Jones Peter B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCharacterizing patterns of mental phenomena in epidemiological studies of adolescents can provide insight into the latent organization of psychiatric disorders. This avoids the biases of chronicity and selection inherent in clinical samples, guides models of shared aetiology within psychiatric disorders and informs the development and implementation of interventions. We applied Gaussian mixture modelling to measures of mental phenomena from two general population cohorts: the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC, n = 3018) and the Neuroscience in Psychiatry Network (NSPN, n = 2023). We defined classes according to their patterns of both positive (e.g. wellbeing and self-esteem) and negative (e.g. depression, anxiety, and psychotic experiences) phenomena. Subsequently, we characterized classes by considering the distribution of diagnoses and sex split across classes. Four well-separated classes were identified within each cohort. Classes primarily differed by overall severity of transdiagnostic distress rather than particular patterns of phenomena akin to diagnoses. Further, as overall severity of distress increased, so did within-class variability, the proportion of individuals with operational psychiatric diagnoses. These results suggest that classes of mental phenomena in the general population of adolescents may not be the same as those found in clinical samples. Classes differentiated only by overall severity support the existence of a general, transdiagnostic mental distress factor and have important implications for intervention.
Accuracy of H. pylori fecal antigen test using fecal immunochemical test (FIT)
Authors: Nieuwenburg S. A. V. , Mommersteeg M. C. , Wolters L. M. M. , van Vuuren A. J. , Erler N. , Peppelenbosch M. P. , Fuhler G. M. , Bruno M. J. , Kuipers E. J. , Spaander M. C. W. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Gastric and colorectal cancer (CRC) are both one of the most common cancers worldwide. In many countries fecal immunochemical tests (FIT)-based CRC screening has been implemented. We investigated if FIT can also be applied for detection of H. pylori, the main risk factor for gastric cancer.

Methods
This prospective study included participants over 18 years of age referred for urea breath test (UBT). Patients were excluded if they had used antibiotics/bismuth in the past 4 weeks, or a proton pomp inhibitor (PPI) in the past 2 weeks. Participants underwent UBT, ELISA stool antigen test in standard feces tube (SAT), ELISA stool antigen test in FIT tube (Hp-FIT), and blood sampling, and completed a questionnaire on user friendliness. UBT results were used as reference.

Results
A total of 182 patients were included (37.4% male, median age 52.4 years (IQR 22.4)). Of these, 60 (33.0%) tested H. pylori positive. SAT and Hp-FIT showed comparable overall accuracy 71.1% (95%CI 63.2–78.3) vs. 77.6% (95%CI 70.4–83.8), respectively (p = 0.97). Sensitivity of SAT was 91.8% (95%CI 80.4–97.7) versus 94.2% (95%CI 84.1–98.9) of Hp-FIT (p = 0.98). Serology scored low with an overall accuracy of 49.7% (95%CI 41.7–57.7). Hp-FIT showed the highest overall user convenience.

Conclusions
FIT can be used with high accuracy and sensitivity for diagnosis of H. pylori and is rated as the most convenient test. Non-invasive Hp-FIT test is highly promising for combined upper and lower gastrointestinal (pre-) cancerous screening. Further research should investigate the clinical implications, benefits and cost-effectiveness of such an approach.
Folgen eines höheren CO2-Preises in der EU — wer gewinnt, wer verliert?
Authors: Mahlkow Hendrik , Petersen Thieß , Wanner Joschka 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDamit die EU ihre ambitionierten Klimaschutzziele erreichen kann, werden die Preise für Treibhausgasemissionen in den nächsten Jahren spürbar steigen. Das hat ökonomische Auswirkungen für die EU-Mitgliedsländer, aber auch den Rest der Welt. Einzelne Sektoren und auch Volkswirtschaften werden davon unterschiedlich stark getroffen.
Der deutsche Venture-Capital-Markt — Investitionen und Rahmenbedingungen
Authors: Shafie Seyer , Liedtke Matthias , Asghari Reza 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungInnovative Start-ups sind aus mehreren Gründen durch ein hohes Risiko gekennzeichnet. Venture Capital (VC) ermöglicht es Start-ups, ihre Ideen zu Innovationen zu entwickeln und senkt das Risiko des Scheiterns. Diese Form der Finanzierung ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil im globalen Wettbewerb. Der deutsche VC-Markt weist zumindest in der Spätphase der Unterstützung von Start-ups Mängel auf. Gegenüber den USA und China besteht ein erheblicher Aufholbedarf.
We Hold Ourselves Accountable: A Relational View of Team Accountability
Authors: Stewart Virginia R. , Snyder Deirdre G. , Kou Chia-Yu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAccountability is of universal interest to the business ethics community, but the emphasis to date has been primarily at the level of the industry, organization, or key individuals. This paper unites concepts from relational and felt accountability and team dynamics to provide an initial explanatory framework that emphasizes the importance of social interactions to team accountability. We develop a measure of team accountability using participants in the USA and Europe and then use it to study a cohort of 65 teams of Irish business students over three months as they complete a complex simulation. Our hypotheses test the origins of team accountability and its effects on subsequent team performance and attitudinal states. Results indicate that initial team accountability is strongly related to team trust, commitment, efficacy, and identifying with the team emotionally. In established teams, accountability increases effort and willingness to continue to collaborate but did not significantly improve task performance in this investigation.
Blood glucose prediction using multi-objective grammatical evolution: analysis of the “agnostic” and “what-if” scenarios
Authors: Contador Sergio , Colmenar J. Manuel , Garnica Oscar , Velasco J. Manuel , Hidalgo J. Ignacio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper we investigate the benefits of applying a multi-objective approach for solving a symbolic regression problem by means of Grammatical Evolution. In particular, we extend previous work, obtaining mathematical expressions to model glucose levels in the blood of diabetic patients. Here we use a multi-objective Grammatical Evolution approach based on the NSGA-II algorithm, considering the root-mean-square error and an ad-hoc fitness function as objectives. This ad-hoc function is based on the Clarke Error Grid analysis, which is useful for showing the potential danger of mispredictions in diabetic patients. In this work, we use two datasets to analyse two different scenarios: What-if and Agnostic, the most common in daily clinical practice. In the What-if scenario, where future events are evaluated, results show that the multi-objective approach improves previous results in terms of Clarke Error Grid analysis by reducing the number of dangerous mispredictions. In the Agnostic situation, with no available information about future events, results suggest that we can obtain good predictions with only information from the previous hour for both Grammatical Evolution and Multi-Objective Grammatical Evolution.
Veritable Untruths: Autistic Traits and the Processing of Deception
Authors: Li Wei , Rohde Hannah , Corley Martin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHow do we decide whether a statement is literally true? Here, we contrast participants’ eventual evaluations of a speaker’s meaning with the real-time processes of comprehension. We record participants’ eye movements as they respond to potentially misleading instructions to click on one of two objects which might be concealing treasure (the treasure is behind thee, uh, hat). Participants are less likely to click on the named object when the instructions are disfluent. However, when hearing disfluent utterances, a tendency to fixate the named object early increases with participants’ autism quotient scores. This suggests that, even where utterances are equivalently understood, the processes by which interpretations are achieved vary across individuals.
Stream-based active learning for sliding windows under the influence of verification latency
Authors: Pham Tuan , Kottke Daniel , Krempl Georg , Sick Bernhard 
Published: November 2021

AbstractStream-based active learning (AL) strategies minimize the labeling effort by querying labels that improve the classifier’s performance the most. So far, these strategies neglect the fact that an oracle or expert requires time to provide a queried label. We show that existing AL methods deteriorate or even fail under the influence of such verification latency. The problem with these methods is that they estimate a label’s utility on the currently available labeled data. However, when this label would arrive, some of the current data may have gotten outdated and new labels have arrived. In this article, we propose to simulate the available data at the time when the label would arrive. Therefore, our method Forgetting and Simulating (FS) forgets outdated information and simulates the delayed labels to get more realistic utility estimates. We assume to know the label’s arrival date a priori and the classifier’s training data to be bounded by a sliding window. Our extensive experiments show that FS improves stream-based AL strategies in settings with both, constant and variable verification latency.
Multiway p-spectral graph cuts on Grassmann manifolds
Authors: Pasadakis Dimosthenis , Alappat Christie Louis , Schenk Olaf , Wellein Gerhard 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNonlinear reformulations of the spectral clustering method have gained a lot of recent attention due to their increased numerical benefits and their solid mathematical background. We present a novel direct multiway spectral clustering algorithm in thep-norm, for$$p\in (1,2]$$p∈(1,2]. The problem of computing multiple eigenvectors of the graphp-Laplacian, a nonlinear generalization of the standard graph Laplacian, is recasted as an unconstrained minimization problem on a Grassmann manifold. The value ofpis reduced in a pseudocontinuous manner, promoting sparser solution vectors that correspond to optimal graph cuts aspapproaches one. Monitoring the monotonic decrease of the balanced graph cuts guarantees that we obtain the best available solution from thep-levels considered. We demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of our algorithm in various artificial test-cases. Our numerical examples and comparative results with various state-of-the-art clustering methods indicate that the proposed method obtains high quality clusters both in terms of balanced graph cut metrics and in terms of the accuracy of the labelling assignment. Furthermore, we conduct studies for the classification of facial images and handwritten characters to demonstrate the applicability in real-world datasets.