bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expert consensus for in-hospital neurorehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Gandhi Dorcas B.C. , Kamalakannan Sureshkumar , Chockalingam Manigandan , Sebastian Ivy A. , Urimubenshi Gerard , Alim Mohammed , Khatter Himani , Chakraborty Stuti , Solomon John M. 
Published: May 2021

Background: People with neurological dysfunction have been significantly affected by the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis in receiving adequate and quality rehabilitation services. There are no clear guidelines or recommendations for rehabilitation providers in dealing with patients with neurological dysfunction during a pandemic situation especially in low- and middle-income countries. The objective of this paper was to develop consensus-based expert recommendations for in-hospital based neurorehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic for low- and middle-income countries based on available evidence. Methods: A group of experts in neurorehabilitation consisting of neurologists, physiotherapists and occupational therapists were identified for the consensus groups. A scoping review was conducted to identify existing evidence and recommendations for neurorehabilitation during COVID-19. Specific statements with level 2b evidence from studies identified were developed. These statements were circulated to 13 experts for consensus. The statements that received ≥80% agreement were grouped in different themes and the recommendations were developed. Results: 75 statements for expert consensus were generated. 72 statements received consensus from 13 experts. These statements were thematically grouped as recommendations for neurorehabilitation service providers, patients, formal and informal caregivers of affected individuals, rehabilitation service organizations, and administrators. Conclusions: The development of this consensus statement is of fundamental significance to neurological rehabilitation service providers and people living with neurological disabilities. It is crucial that governments, health systems, clinicians and stakeholders involved in upholding the standard of neurorehabilitation practice in low- and middle-income countries consider conversion of the consensus statement to minimum standard requirements within the context of the pandemic as well as for the future.
Tritium Organic Compounds in the Environment and Human Organism
Authors: Barchukov V. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the ratio of tritium oxide and tritium organic compounds in the environment and in the body in order to justify the graded approach when calculating the dose for the personnel working in the presence of tritium and its compounds in the air of the working area.
Material and methods: The study covered the forms of tritium (HTO and OBT) in water, air and bodies of the personnel working under conditions of the presence of tritium and its compounds in the air of the working area. Samples of water, air and biological assays (urine) of the personnel were collected for the study. Sample preparation of the collected material was carried out according to the approved methods certified by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise “VNIIFTRI”. The liquid scintillation alpha-beta spectrometer Tri-Carb 3180TR/SL was used when estimating tritium concentrations in the preformed samples.
Results: It has been established that in the environment (water and air) and under the industrial conditions (air of the working area), tritium is to a greater extent in the form of OBT, which determines its predominant intake into the body of the personnel in the form of OBT. The ratio of tritium forms in biological fluids (urine) of the personnel was estimated using three methods. It was shown that OBT in the body of the personnel accounted for 70 to 90 %. These data indicate that OBT in the body of the personnel accounts for a larger share in comparison with HTO, therefore, the dose assessments of the personnel when working with tritium and its compounds should be revised.
Conclusion: Taking into account the developed methods for the separation of tritium oxide and its organic forms, the assessment of the dose induced by tritium exposure should be performed gradually, taking into account the ratio of these forms in the body of the particular worker.
Methodical Approaches to Establishing Control Levels’ Parameters of the Radiation Environment and Radiation Doses to Staff
Authors: Simakov A. , Abramov Yu. , Proskuryakova N , Isaev O , Alferova T 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The aim of work is to substantiate methodological approaches in establishing the parameters of the radiation situation at the workplaces of staff and radiation doses.
Results: Methodological approaches to establishing the following types of control levels (CL) are presented:
-	the maximum possible CL, established from the conditions of guaranteed not exceeding the permissible values of the parameters of the radiation situation and the limits of radiation doses;
-	CL, established from the condition of fixing the achieved values of the parameters of the radiation situation at a level below acceptable values;
-	CL, exceeding the permissible values of the parameters of the radiation environment, established in those cases when the time of radiation exposure is short, and the decrease in existing levels is associated with significant labor and dose costs.
Regulatory documents of the sanitary-epidemiological standardization system require the establishment of CL for radiation facilities for all monitored parameters with the aim of operational monitoring of the radiation situation, preventing exceeding the basic dose limits for personnel and the public, fixing the achieved level of radiation safety and ensuring further reduction of exposure levels for personnel and the public. In this case, the interpretation of the results of radiation monitoring should be carried out taking into account the uncertainty of the measurement result of the parameters of the radiation situation and radiation doses.
Pain management in community-dwelling older adults with moderate-to-severe dementia
Authors: Ando Chiaki , Kanno Yusuke , Uchida Osamu , Nashiki Emiko , Kosuge Noriko , Ogawa Asao 
Published: May 2021

Background: This study explored visiting nurses' knowledge and beliefs regarding pain management in community-dwelling older adults with moderate-to-severe dementia. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to collect data in 2019. A questionnaire was mailed to nursing managers at 1037 home-visiting nursing stations in Japan. Findings: The final analysis included 230 responses. The mean score on the knowledge and belief statements was 14 out of a possible 18, and respondents with more pain management training obtained a higher total score on knowledge than those without such training (p<.001). More than 95% indicated that they needed training on pain management for older adults with dementia. Conclusion: Visiting nurses in Japan require training in pain management for older adults with moderate-to-severe dementia. Despite its usefulness, the current pain management training programme should be improved to enable visiting nurses to manage dementia patients' pain more confidently.
Body size ideals and body satisfaction among Dutch-origin and African-origin residents of Amsterdam: The HELIUS study
Authors: Hoenink Jody C. , Galenkamp Henrike , Beune Erik J. , Hartman Marieke A. , Snijder Marieke B. , Dijkshoorn Henriette , Peters Ron J. G. , Bal Ellen , Stronks Karien , Nicolaou Mary 
Published: May 2021

Objective
Obesity is highly prevalent among ethnic minorities and acceptance of larger body sizes may put these ethnic minorities at risk of obesity. This study aimed to examine body size ideals and body satisfaction in relation to body weight, in two Sub-Saharan African (SSA)-origin groups in the Netherlands compared to the Dutch. Additionally, in the two SSA-origin groups, this study assessed the mediating role of acculturation in the relation between ethnicity and body size ideals and body satisfaction.

Methods
Dutch, African Surinamese and Ghanaians living in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, participated in the observational HELIUS study (n = 10,854). Body size ideals were assessed using a validated nine figure scale. Body satisfaction was calculated as the concordance of current with ideal figure. Acculturation was only assessed among SSA-origin participants and acculturation proxies included age of migration, residence duration, ethnic identity and social network. Weight and height were measured using standardised protocols.

Results
SSA-origin women and Ghanaian men had larger body size ideals compared to the Dutch; e.g. Surinamese and Ghanaian women had 0.37 (95%CI 0.32; 0.43) and 0.70 (95%CI 0.63; 0.78) larger body size ideals compared to Dutch women. SSA-origin participants were more often satisfied with their weight compared to the Dutch. Similarly, SSA-origin participants had more than twice the odds of being satisfied/preferring a larger figure compared to the Dutch (e.g. BSurinamese men 2.44, 95%CI 1.99; 2.99). Within the two SSA-origin groups, most acculturation proxies mediated the relation between ethnicity and body size ideals in women. Limited evidence of mediation was found for the outcome body satisfaction.

Conclusion
Public health strategies promoting a healthy weight may need to be differentiated according to sex and ethnic differences in body weight perception. Factors other than acculturation may underlie the ethnic differences between African Surinamese and Ghanaians in obesity.
Intersections of food insecurity, violence, poor mental health and substance use among US women living with and at risk for HIV: Evidence of a syndemic in need of attention
Authors: Leddy Anna M. , Zakaras Jennifer M. , Shieh Jacqueline , Conroy Amy A. , Ofotokun Ighovwerha , Tien Phyllis C. , Weiser Sheri D. 
Published: May 2021

Background
Food insecurity and intimate partner violence (IPV) are associated with suboptimal HIV prevention and treatment outcomes, yet limited research has explored how food insecurity and IPV intersect to influence HIV-related behaviors. To fill this gap, we conducted a qualitative study with women living with or at risk for HIV in the United States.

Methods
We conducted 24 in-depth interviews with women enrolled in the San Francisco and Atlanta sites of the Women’s Interagency HIV study (WIHS). Participants were purposively sampled so half were living with HIV and all reported food insecurity and IPV in the past year. Semi-structured interviews explored experiences with food insecurity and IPV, how these experiences might be related and influence HIV risk and treatment behaviors. Analysis was guided by an inductive-deductive approach.

Results
A predominant theme centered on how food insecurity and IPV co-occur with poor mental health and substance use to influence HIV-related behaviors. Women described how intersecting experiences of food insecurity and IPV negatively affected their mental health, with many indicating using substances to “feel no pain”. Substance use, in turn, was described to perpetuate food insecurity, IPV, and poor mental health in a vicious cycle, ultimately facilitating HIV risk behaviors and preventing HIV treatment adherence.

Conclusions
Food insecurity, IPV, poor mental health and substance use intersect and negatively influence HIV prevention and treatment behaviors. Findings offer preliminary evidence of a syndemic that goes beyond the more widely studied “SAVA” (substance use, AIDS, and violence) syndemic, drawing attention to additional constructs of mental health and food insecurity. Quantitative research must further characterize the extent and size of this syndemic. Policies that address the social and structural drivers of this syndemic, including multi-level and trauma-informed approaches, should be implemented and evaluated to assess their impact on this syndemic and its negative health effects.
Waste management of pseudostem to increase the growth of banana seedlings
Authors: Domingues Lima Juliana , de Souza Bravo Natália , Rozane Danilo Eduardo , Suigueaki Nomura Edson , Gorla da Silva Silvia Helena Modenese , Nardini Gomes Eduardo 
Published: May 2021

Pseudostem is an abundant residue after harvesting of the banana bunch, serving as a source of water, nutrients and organic substances. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of pseudostem waste on ‘Nanica’ banana (Musa spp. AAA) cultivar in greenhouse under contrasting environmental conditions. For this, an experiment was carried out in in the São Paulo State University -UNESP in a randomized block design in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme (presence or absence of waste and two seasons), consisting of four replicates of three experimental plots with two pots per plant. One season was early November/2018 (Summer) and the other half of May/2019 (Winter). A 40 cm portion of the pseudostem collected from of a freshly harvested plant was sectioned into 10 cm portions and placed under the substrate of the seedling-containing pot at both times. Periodically, height, pseudostem diameter and leaf emission were evaluated. After the release of leachate by the residue, plants were taken to the laboratory, and the area of leaves and roots, their respective masses, and the leaf nutrient content were determined. The nutritional composition of the residue was evaluated before being applied for both seasons. In summer, accumulated dry matter in the different organs, leaf area and root area was higher in the presence of the residue, while in winter, only root dry mass was higher (P < 0.01). The application of residue had a consistent effect on root growth, which can be exploited in the field.
A population genetics study of three native Mexican woody bamboo species of Guadua (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae: Guaduinae) using nuclear microsatellite markers
Authors: Perez-Alquicira Jessica , Aguilera-Lopez Stephanie , Rico Yessica , Ruiz-Sanchez Eduardo 
Published: May 2021

Background: Sporadic flowering contributes significantly to genetic diversity and connectivity among populations. Woody bamboos present sporadic or gregarious flowering patterns with long flowering cycles. In this study, we analyze the genetic diversity of three Guadua species distributed along the Gulf of Mexico slope that have different patterns of flowering.
Questions: (1) Are the three Guadua species genetically differentiated? (2) Does the vulnerable species G. inermis have low levels of genetic diversity? (3) What is the relative contribution of geographic and environmental factors to the genetic structure of G. inermis ?
Species studied: Guadua inermis , G. amplexifolia and G. tuxtlensis
Study site and dates: During 2014 and 2015, we collected samples of G. inermis in Puebla and southeastern Mexico, G. amplexifolia in Veracruz and Oaxaca, and G. tuxtlensis in southern Veracruz.
Methods: We successfully amplified five of nine SSR markers, and genotyped a total of 155 samples.
Results: The three Guadua species were genetically differentiated. For G. inermis , we found high levels of population genetic diversity, which are relatively higher than those of other monocot species. Genetic differentiation was high and three groups were detected: north, central and south. We found a significant association between genetic distances and the maximum temperature of the warmest month, but not with geographic distance.
Conclusions: Our study is the first to analyze levels of genetic diversity in Mexican bamboos and confirms their taxonomic identity. G. inermis has a strong genetic structure, even when populations are geographically close.
Perfil clínico de mulheres com incontinência urinária de esforço em centro de referência
Authors: Alves Rafael Andrade , Machado Mohana , Moura Thais , Brasil Cristina Aires , Lemos Amanda Queiroz , Lordelo Patricia 
Published: May 2021

INTRODUÇÃO: A incontinência urinária é definida como qualquer perda involuntária de urina. É um sério problema de saúde públicae as mulheres são as mais afetadas e apresentam como fatores de risco o envelhecimento, mais de duas gestações, parto vaginal com episiotomia, entre outros. Embora a IU não seja uma condição de vida ameaçadora, pode levar a situações com repercussões a nível social e pessoal, com influência na qualidade de vida. OBJETIVO: Descrever a frequência da IUE em um centro especializado na cidade de Salvador, assim como apontar as características clínicas, fatores de risco e comorbidades associadas à IUE feminina. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal descritivo, a partir da análise de dados de prontuários de mulheres portadoras de incontinência urinária de esforço, incluídos dados sociodemográgicos, fatores de risco, comorbidades associadas, queixas clínicas e dados objetivos de Pad Test e Diário Miccional. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídas 28 mulheres com idade média de 48,9 anos (±7,7), de raça parda (46,2%), com ensino médio completo (40%), casadas (52%), trabalhadoras do lar (32,2%), IMC médio 26,2 (±4,9). A comorbidade associada mais predominante foi obesidade (28,6%), o fator de risco dominante foi o consumo de café (70%). A queixa clinica mais prevalente foi perda ao tossir (96,3%). Quando analisado Pad test, notado maior prevalência de perda leve (57,14%), seguido por (39,29%) de perda moderada e perda grave (3,57%). CONCLUSÃO: Mulheres de meia idade, pardas, menopausadas, obesas, hipertensas, multíparas, que realizaram parto vaginal com episiotomia, constipadas e que ingerem cafeína são mais propensas a desenvolver a incontinência urinária de esforço. Houve uma maior prevalência de incontinência urinária leve.
Justification of Life imprisonment in Serbian Criminal Law
Authors: Milovic M. , Pusitsa M. 
Published: May 2021

In Serbia, disputes have been going on for years (which are also the subject of many congresses) about the regulation of the most severe types of punishment. The criminal policy of the country shows a tendency to toughen penalties. By attracting a lot of media attention and putting pressure on state institutions concerning certain tragic events caused by the murder and rape of minors, including children, some members of the public hysterically demand that the state respond with the strictest penalties, even if they no longer exist (the death penalty).In December 1, 2019 The Law on Amendments and Additions to the Criminal Code, which, among other things, prescribes life imprisonment, entered into force. It is assumed that the fact that there is a life sentence for particularly serious crimes, such as murder or crimes against sexual freedom in particularly serious forms, may make criminals think twice before committing them. In addition, proponents of the introduction of such a punishment argue that the fear of life imprisonment can act as a corrective and preventive measure, thereby reducing the proportion of these criminal offenses.The paper provides a critical analysis of this justification for the return of life imprisonment to the criminal law. The arguments against this include: 1) statistics confirm that life imprisonment for possible criminals who have committed particularly serious criminal offenses is not a factor of prevention; 2) general prevention is undermined; 3) the previously existing maximum prison term was not an obstacle, that is, it was not a factor of prevention; 3) innovations would not change the decisions of criminals, although they were in their sound mind at the time of committing criminal offenses, realizing the illegality of these actions; 4) it becomes impossible to carry out the correction and re-socialization of the sentenced person, who knows that he will remain closed outside the social and family environment for the rest of his life; 5) it is also necessary to keep in mind that it is the state that financially maintains such criminals.
CCLoc—An Improved Interferometric Seismic Event Location Algorithm Applied to Induced Seismicity
Authors: Gal Martin , Lotter Ernest , Olivier Gerrit , Green Mark , Meyer Stephen , Dales Phil , Reading Anya M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The amount of recorded seismic event data is rapidly growing, and manual processing by trained human experts to infer hypocenter, source parameters, and moment tensor solutions is therefore no longer feasible. Automated procedures are required to process data efficiently and include quality-control measures that allow for outlier detection. We present a modular cross-correlation location (CCLoc) algorithm for induced seismicity that uses cross correlations of either raw seismograms or characteristic functions derived from them followed by a reverse migration procedure. The novelty of this approach is the inclusion of cross pairs of P and S arrivals and the inclusion of autocorrelations, both of which add a distance constraint to the hypocenter estimation. The algorithm is modular in the sense that preprocessing can be tailored to specific data or task.
Nine months of seismic data from an underground hard-rock tin mine are processed in a fully automated mode using a machine-learning approach for seismic phase arrival detection and using the estimated arrival functions as input for CCLoc. Making use of the average cross-correlation value as a quality constraint, CCLoc can successfully infer source information on 92% of previously manually processed data. The accuracy of automatic processing is demonstrated by comparing hypocenter, source parameter, and moment tensor solutions between the two datasets. The algorithm will potentially aid the analysis of induced or other seismicity and is particularly well suited to use in the case of large numbers of seismic sensors recording many events.
Tripartite results for the Kamchatka earthquake of November 4, 1952*
Authors: Evernden Jack F. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The tripartite technique was applied to all parts of the record following initial S. The results of this study indicate: (1) that the SV motion, extending from initial S to G, was a cohesive whole, not random motion, and is the result of continuous arrival of energy along paths of decreasing mantle penetration; and (2) that the SV-, Rayleigh-, and Love-wave arrivals were all deflected from the great-circle path. These results contrast sharply with results of earlier tripartite studies. The deflection is tentatively explained by a general downwarping of the equalvelocity surfaces in the mantle in the vicinity of the Aleutian tectonic welt.
SKP and related phases*
Authors: Forester R. D. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
For shallow shocks, multiple SKP phases are observed after the initial SKP motion as long as 54 seconds on short-period instruments and as long as 87 seconds on long-period instruments. Amplitude data indicate that each multiple phase has a focal point similar to that of the initial SKP phase. The focal point for waves having periods of 1 to 5 seconds occurs at 131½°, and that for waves having periods of 5 to 10 seconds is broadly defined between 130° and 131°. Short-period SKP waves extend from 129° to at least 140°; long-period SKP waves, from 125° to 145°. The long-period waves are believed to be diffracted from the caustic in accordance with Airy's hypothesis.
For all types of SKP phases the energy content of the short-period waves is several times less than that of the long-period waves. For the vertical component the agreement between theoretical and observed values of energy of long-period waves is good. For the horizontal component the observation of too little energy is not satisfactorily explained.
SKP″, the SKP phase associated with the inner core, is observed between 114° and 125°. It records with very short periods. The observations of SKP″ present additional support for the hypothesis of large but continuous increase of velocity at the transitional boundary of the inner core.
Remark on Byerly's fault-plane method*
Authors: De Bremaecker J. Cl. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In Byerly's fault-plane method, if one circle of radius R2 is determined, the locus of the centers of the other is a straight line perpendicular to the line joining the epicenter to the center of the first circle and at a distance 1/(4R2) from the epicenter.