bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishing content validity of an orthodontic subset of the FACE‐Q Craniofacial Module in children and young adults with malocclusion
Authors: Tassi Ali , Tan Jessica , Piplani Bhoomika , Longmire Natasha , Wong Riff Karen W. Y. , Klassen Anne F. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe FACE‐Q Craniofacial Module for children and young adults is a patient‐reported outcome measure (PROM) designed to measure outcomes for patients aged 8 to 29 years with facial conditions. The aim of this study was to establish content validity of a relevant subset of the module for its use in orthodontic patients with malocclusion.Setting and Sample PopulationExperts in orthodontics were emailed and invited to provide feedback through a Research Electronic Data Capture survey. Patient feedback was obtained through cognitive interviews with patients aged 8 to 29 years recruited from a university‐based orthodontic clinic in Canada.Materials and MethodsExpert opinion and patient interviews were used to obtain feedback on the content of 4 appearance (face, smile, teeth and jaws) and 1 function (eating and drinking) scales hypothesized to be relevant to orthodontic malocclusions, and to elicit new concepts. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed, and coded using a line‐by‐line approach.ResultsTwenty‐one experts and 15 patients participated. Expert feedback led us to drop 9, retain 40, revise 4 and add 16 new items. At the conclusion of cognitive interviews no items were dropped, 55 were retained, 5 were revised and 8 new items were added. The final set of 68 items demonstrated content validity for orthodontic patients.ConclusionExpert feedback and cognitive interviews enabled us to revise and refine 5 scales as part of the FACE‐Q Craniofacial Module for use in orthodontic patients. These scales were included in the internationalfield‐test of the FACE‐Q Craniofacial Module.
Activation of EGFR‐Aurora A induces loss of primary cilia in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yin Fengying , Chen Qian , Shi Yujie , Xu Hao , Huang Jie , Qing Maofeng , Zhong Liang , Li Jing , Xie Liang , Zeng Xin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivePrimary cilia, evolutionally conserved organelles involving multiple cell functions, are frequently lost in various cancers. However, little is known about the role of primary cilia in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).MethodsImmunofluorescence staining was applied to detect primary cilia in normal, oral leukoplakia (OLK) and OSCC tissues. Differentially expressed ciliary genes of OSCC were screened from the TCGA database. Immunohistochemical analysis was used for validating the correlation between the expression of interested proteins and primary cilia, and their regulatory effect on primary cilia was further proved in vitro and in vivo.ResultsA significant decrease in cilia ratio was found in OLK, especially in OSCC. Multiple ciliary genes were abnormally expressed in OSCC and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐Aurora A signaling was chosen for further study. A parallel increase of EGFR‐Aurora A was observed in OLK and OSCC tissues. Moreover, EGFR activation induced obvious cilia absorption by phosphorylating Aurora A. Besides, Aurora A silencing significantly restored ciliary expression and decreased tumor growth in vivo.ConclusionsThe abnormal activation of EGFR‐Aurora A leads to the gradual loss of primary cilia in oral mucosa carcinogenesis. Primary cilia have the potential to be new biomarkers and therapeutic targets of oral cancer.
Titanium dental implant‐related pathologies: A retrospective histopathological study
Authors: Paparella María Luisa , Domingo Mariela Gisele , Puia Sebastián Ariel , Jacobi‐Gresser Elisabeth , Olmedo Daniel Gustavo 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesTo perform a retrospective, descriptive, histopathological study of peri‐implant tissue pathologies associated with titanium dental implants (TDI), and to evaluate the presence of metallic particles in samples from a single diagnostic center.MethodsSixty‐eight cases of TDI‐associated lesions were retrieved from the Surgical Pathology Laboratory archives, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires (UBA) (1990–2018). The study included re‐examining the histopathological features of the biopsy samples, analyzing the inflammatory infiltrate, and examining the samples to detect metallic particles whose chemical composition was determined spectrophotometrically (EDS). Available clinical and radiographic data were also reviewed.ResultsThe retrieved cases ranged from lesions of inflammatory origin to neoplastic lesions. Metallic particles were observed in 36 cases (52.9%), all of which showed inflammation. Particle length ranged from 2 to 85µm. EDS analysis of the particles/deposits observed in the tissues showed the presence of aluminum, titanium, iron, and nickel, among other elements.ConclusionsA significant number of TDI‐associated lesions, including cases not reported to date and diagnosed at a single diagnostic center, are shown here. Cases showing particles exhibited an inflammatory response, irrespective of the histopathological diagnosis. The role of metallic particles in the development of TDI‐associated lesion is yet to be established.
T cell‐derived exosomes containing cytokines induced keratinocytes apoptosis in oral lichen planus
Authors: Yang Jing‐Ya , Tan Ya‐Qin , Zhou Gang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveOral lichen planus (OLP) is a T cell‐mediated inflammatory disease with uncertain etiology. Exosomes are cell‐derived vesicles containing biological cargo, being associated with the development of multiple inflammatory diseases. The present study aims to investigate the role of T cell‐derived exosomes in the pathogenesis of OLP.MethodsExosomal marker CD63 was detected in OLP lesions by immunohistochemistry. Twenty‐three cytokines in T cell‐derived exosomes were assessed using luminex xMAP‐based assay. After co‐incubating with exosomes, the apoptosis of keratinocytes and the proliferation of Jurkat cells were assessed via flow cytometry and cell counting kit‐8 assay, respectively.ResultsCD63 was highly expressed in the lymphocyte infiltrated areas of OLP lesions. OLP T cell‐derived exosomes contained upregulated interleukin‐7, ‐10, ‐12, ‐17 and downregulated interleukin‐1β, ‐5, and interferon‐γ. Both exosomes from OLP patients and controls induced the apoptosis of keratinocytes and altered their morphology. Moreover, healthy control–derived exosomes markedly inhibited the proliferation of Jurkat cells, whereas OLP‐derived exosomes exhibited no inhibitory effect.ConclusionsOLP T cell‐derived exosomes have an aberrant cytokine profile and could trigger the apoptosis of keratinocytes in vitro, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of OLP.
Interpretation of the mucous plug through sialendoscopy
Authors: Fusconi Massimo , Meliante Piero G. , Pagliuca Giulio , Greco Antonio , de Vincentiis Marco , Polimeni Antonella , Musy Isotta , Candelori Francesca , Gallo Andrea 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this manuscript is to highlight the behaviour of mucus inside the ducts of the major salivary glands, in presence of typical pathologies, through images obtained with sialendoscopy.SubjectThe authors present and comment on some sialendoscopies that show mucous plug in the ducts of the major salivary glands.ResultsIn primary Sjogren's syndrome, mucous plugs confirm the qualitative anomaly of the mucins and acidification saliva. Instead, salivary calculations behave like foreign bodies that generate mechanical pressure and friction on the duct walls of major salivary glands, so mucus deposits in the duct in its defence; in case of infected stone, mucous plugs are formed also with the function of protecting the ducts from the aggression of germs. During sialadenitis, there is a conflict between mucus and bacteria which explains sialendoscopic evidence such as white duct walls and mucous plugs.ConclusionsThe study of the salivary ducts through sialendoscopy often confirms the clinical diagnosis or hypothesize it. During its execution, it is necessary not only to liberate the ducts of the major salivary glands but also analyse the appearance of the mucous plugs and the ductal walls as they are useful to guide the physician towards diagnosis.
Cardiac device implant wound closure with a novel low‐density suture spacing single layer method
Authors: Yao Tianbao , Nie Peng , Sun Jiateng , Jin Yan , Zang Minhua , Zhou Shenghen , Zhang Qi , Mao Jialiang , Pu Jun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo establish a novel time‐saving and safe suture method for cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implantation.MethodsFrom January 2017 to April 2020, a total of 1317 patients scheduled for CIED procedure were consecutively enrolled in this study. Wound closure of all patients were prospectively assigned either to low‐density suture spacing single layer suture group (single‐layer group) or traditional two layer suture group (two‐layer group). The effects of two closure methods on wound healing and pocket related complications were compared.ResultsThere were no significant differences in age, gender, BMI, comorbid diseases (diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, and chronic kidney disease), and antiplatelet or anticoagulant drug use between the two groups. The number of suture stitches in the single‐layer group was significantly less than that in the two‐layer group [3.03(3–4) vs. 7.17(7–10), p < .001], the suture time in the single‐layer group was significantly shorter than that in the two‐layer group [190.57(167–256) s vs. 493.36(452–655) s, p < .001], and the incidence of clinically significant hematoma in the single‐layer group was comparable to that in the two‐layer group (0.7% vs. 0.3%, p = .742). Additionally, there were no significant differences in the incidence of pocket infection, dehiscence and keloid between the two groups.ConclusionNovel single‐layer suture with low‐density suture spacing is feasible and associated with a low incidence of wound dehiscence or infection for CIED implantation.
Functional recovery of cardiomyopathy induced by atrial tachycardia in children: Insight from cardiac strain imaging
Authors: Dohain Ahmed M. , Lotfy Wael , Abdelmohsen Gaser , Sobhy Rodina , Abdelaziz Osama , Elsaadany Marwa , Abdelsalam Mohamed H. , Ibrahim Hossam 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate systolic and diastolic cardiac function in children who had cardiomyopathy induced by ectopic atrial tachycardia (EAT).MethodsTwenty‐two pediatric patients who had cardiomyopathy induced by EAT and 25 age‐matched controls were recruited in this case‐control study. The patients were examined after rhythm control and normalization of their left ventricular systolic function. Different echocardiographic modalities including tissue Doppler imaging and two‐dimension speckle tracking echocardiography were utilized to assess the ventricular and atrial function.ResultsThe patients’ median age was 51 months (interquartile range: 28.5–84 months). The median time interval required for normalization of left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) among patients was 1.5 months (interquartile range: 1.5–2.12 months). Compared to controls, patients had a significantly higher median left ventricular myocardial performance index (MPI) at the interventricular septum (0.44 vs. 0.38, p = .001) and left ventricular lateral wall (0.46 vs. 0.32, p = .0001). The median right ventricular MPI of the patients' group was significantly higher when compared to the control group (0.34 vs. 0.26, p = .0001). The median right atrial (RA) reservoir function in patients was significantly reduced compared to controls (30% vs. 36.63%, p = .007).ConclusionsShortly after rhythm normalization and restoration of left ventricular EF, using tissue Doppler imaging and two‐dimension speckle tracking echocardiography, children who had cardiomyopathy induced by EAT continue to have left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, right ventricular dysfunction, and reduced RA reservoir function.
OsTPR boosts the superior grains through increase in upper secondary rachis branches without incurring a grain quality penalty
Authors: Pasion Erstelle A. , Badoni Saurabh , Misra Gopal , Anacleto Roslen , Parween Sabiha , Kohli Ajay , Sreenivasulu Nese 
Published: February 2021

SummaryTo address the future food security in Asia, we need to improve the genetic gain of grain yield while ensuring the consumer acceptance. This study aimed to identify novel genes influencing the number of upper secondary rachis branches (USRB) to elevate superior grains without compromising grain quality by studying the genetic variance of 310 diverse O. sativa var. indica panel using single‐ and multi‐locus genome‐wide association studies (GWAS), gene set analyses and gene regulatory network analysis. GWAS of USRB identified 230 significant (q‐value < 0.05) SNPs from chromosomes 1 and 2. GWAS targets narrowed down using gene set analyses identified large effect association on an important locus LOC_Os02g50790/LOC_Os02g50799 encoding a nuclear‐pore anchor protein (OsTPR). The superior haplotype derived from non‐synonymous SNPs identified in OsTPR was specifically associated with increase in USRB with superior grains being low chalk. Through haplotype mining, we further demonstrated the synergy of offering added yield advantage due to superior allele of OsTPR in elite materials with low glycaemic index (GI) property. We further validated the importance of OsTPR using recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population by introgressing a superior allele of OsTPR into elite materials resulted in raise in productivity in high amylose background. This confirmed a critical role for OsTPR in influencing yield while maintaining grain and nutritional quality.
Accelerated molecular breeding of novel cytoplasmic male sterility lines in rice using orfH79 or orf290 haplotype
Authors: Yanping Tan , Tong Chen , Ze Tian , JiaYang Li , Xuequn Liu , Xianying Tang , Gang Cheng , Xin Xu , Chuntai Wang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe identification and development of new cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) lines in higher plants are important for the preservation of grain security and the prevention of the homogenisation of hybrid rice. Molecular markers‐assisted selection (MAS) based on CMS‐associated genes or mitochondrial‐specific chimeric sequences are important for rapid and effective breeding of new CMS lines and hybrids. In our study, the distribution and allele variation of orfH79 and orf290 genes were characterised from 273 wild and cultivated rice in the AA genome species. Based on the alignment of amino acid sequences, four accessions with orfH79 and three accessions with orf290 were screened. Four novel CMS lines carrying orfH79 haplotypes and three novel CMS lines carrying orf290 haplotypes were then developed using multiple backcross generations with a maintainer line under MAS. The breeding process used in our study provides an efficient and feasible approach for selecting new CMS lines. CMS lines selected in our study are important for enriching rice germplasm resources and guaranteeing rice breeding programmes.
Plastidial and cytosolic thiol reductases participate in the control of stomatal functioning
Authors: Montillet Jean‐Luc , Rondet Damien , Brugière Sabine , Henri Patricia , Rumeau Dominique , Reichheld Jean‐Philippe , Couté Yohann , Leonhardt Nathalie , Rey Pascal 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStomatal movements via the control of gas exchanges determine plant growth in relation to environmental stimuli through a complex signalling network involving reactive oxygen species that lead to post‐translational modifications of Cys and Met residues, and alter protein activity and/or conformation. Thiol‐reductases (TRs), which include thioredoxins, glutaredoxins (GRXs) and peroxiredoxins (PRXs), participate in signalling pathways through the control of Cys redox status in client proteins. Their involvement in stomatal functioning remains poorly characterized. By performing a mass spectrometry‐based proteomic analysis, we show that numerous thiol reductases, like PRXs, are highly abundant in guard cells. When investigating various Arabidopsis mutants impaired in the expression of TR genes, no change in stomatal density and index was noticed. In optimal growth conditions, a line deficient in cytosolic NADPH‐thioredoxin reductases displayed higher stomatal conductance and lower leaf temperature evaluated by thermal infrared imaging. In contrast, lines deficient in plastidial 2‐CysPRXs or type‐II GRXs exhibited compared to WT reduced conductance and warmer leaves in optimal conditions, and enhanced stomatal closure in epidermal peels treated with abscisic acid or hydrogen peroxide. Altogether, these data strongly support the contribution of thiol redox switches within the signalling network regulating guard cell movements and stomatal functioning.
Nitrogen forms and metabolism affect plant defence to foliar and root pathogens in tomato
Authors: Ding Shuting , Shao Xiangqi , Li Jianxin , Ahammed Golam Jalal , Yao Yanlai , Ding Jian , Hu Zhangjian , Yu Jingquan , Shi Kai 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNitrogen (N) influences a myriad of physiological processes while its effects on plant defences and the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, the interaction between tomato and pathogens was examined under four N regimes (sole NO3− or mixed NO3−/NH4+ of total 1 and 7 mM N, denoting low and high N regimes, respectively) followed by inoculation with two bacterial pathogens, Pseudomonas syringae and Ralstonia solanacearum. Tomato immunity against both pathogens was generally higher under low N as well as NO3− as the sole N source. The disease susceptibility was reduced by silencing N metabolism genes such as NR, NiR and Fd‐GOGAT, while increased in NiR1‐overexpressed plants. Further studies demonstrated that the N‐modulated defence was dependent on the salicylic acid (SA) defence pathway. Low N as well as the silencing of N metabolism genes increased the SA levels and transcripts of its maker genes, and low N‐enhanced defence was blocked in NahG transgenic tomato plants that do not accumulate SA, while exogenous SA application attenuated the susceptibility of OE‐NiR1. The study provides insights into the mechanisms of how nitrogen fertilization and metabolism affect plant immunity in tomato, which might be useful for designing effective agronomic strategies for the management of N supply.
Racial Justice
Authors: Valls Andrew 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWhile there has been renewed attention to racial justice in the United States and around the world recently, there is a long tradition among philosophers and other theorists of reflecting on the nature racial injustice and the remedies that it demands. This article discusses two prominent approaches to racial justice, liberal egalitarian theory and critical race theory, and focuses on four issue areas: reparations, affirmative action and race‐conscious policy, integration, and criminal justice. Although liberal and critical approaches to racial justice are sometimes seen as in opposition to each other, it is argued here that there is often convergence as well. Despite their differing pedigrees, a shared commitment to racial equality and a shared recognition of the profound, structural nature of racial inequality often leads scholars from different starting points to similar, radical conclusions.
Impossible fictions part I: Lessons for fiction
Authors: Nolan Daniel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractImpossible fictions are valuable evidence both for a theory of fiction and for theories of meaning, mind and epistemology. This article focuses on what we can learn about fiction from reflecting on impossible fictions. First, different kinds of impossible fiction are considered, and the question of how much fiction is impossible is addressed. What impossible fiction contributes to our understanding of "truth in fiction" and the logic of fiction will be examined. Finally, our understanding of unreliable narrators and unreliable narration in fiction needs to accommodate stories that, on the face of it, cannot possibly be true.
The mereology of Thomas Aquinas
Authors: Salzillo Raphael Mary 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article gives an overview of the mereological thought of the medieval philosopher and theologian Saint Thomas Aquinas. Until the 20th century mereology—the study of the relationship of whole and part—was not generally recognized as a distinct domain of philosophy and so Aquinas, like most of his contemporaries, has no single systematic treatment of it as a topic in its own right. However, a cohesive account of part‐whole relations can be pieced together from the various metaphysical, ethical and theological contexts in which Aquinas deals with mereological issues. In this article, I give an account of both Aquinas's conceptual understanding of composition and his taxonomy of the different kinds of wholes and parts that there are. I end with comments on three marginal cases of mereological relationships in Aquinas's philosophy.
Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of isolates of the rice false smut pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens in India
Authors: Bag Manas Kumar , Ray Anuprita , Masurkar Prahlad , Devanna B. N. , Parameswaran C. , Baite Mathew , Rath Prakash Chandra , Nayak Amaresh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGenetic diversity assessment and population structure analysis are essential for characterization of pathogens and their isolates. Markers are essential tools for exploring genetic variation among the isolates. False smut of rice caused by Ustilaginoidea virens, formerly Villosiclava virens, is a major emerging disease of rice in India. A high level of variability is observed at the field level, but no information is available from India on genetic diversity and population structure. This is the first report of genetic diversity and population structure of U. virens from India that included 63 isolates distributed across the vast geographical area of eastern and north‐eastern India (18.9 to 26.7°N and 82.6 to 94.2°E). Seventeen RAPDs and 14 SSRs were identified as polymorphic and a total of 140 alleles were detected across the populations. The average number of alleles per locus for each primer was 4.5. All the isolates were grouped into two major clusters, with partial geographical segregation that was supported by principal coordinate analysis. Mantel test suggested genetic distance within the isolates increased with increasing geographical distance. Analysis of molecular variation showed more genetic variation within populations and less among populations. This outcome will help in understanding genetic diversity of U. virens from eastern and north‐eastern India and in planning effective management strategies.