bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An integrated review of the barriers and facilitators for accessing and engaging with mental health in a rural setting
Authors: Ferris‐Day Philip , Hoare Karen , Wilson Rhonda L. , Minton Claire , Donaldson Andrea 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe review investigated the barriers and facilitators associated with assessing and engaging with mental health in a rural setting. The aim is to describe and synthesize the literature that examines the experiences of adults who access or attempt to access mental health services in rural settings. A systematic search from 2010 to 2020 was conducted using CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection, Google Scholar, and Scopus. PRISMA protocols located 32 relevant papers from the overall 573 first selected. Braun and Clarke (Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3:77–101, 2006) thematic analysis methodology was applied to the data resulting in two themes: first theme identified help‐seeking with subthemes of stigma and locality of health services. The second theme was connectedness, inclusive of subthemes of support systems and personal identity. The review identified gender‐related perspectives concerning accessing mental health support, exposing the need for more research to examine the diverse social connections and support networks in rural communities. The findings suggest the need to further explore the impediments that reduce the likelihood of accessing mental health services in rural communities.
Can intercropping be an adaptation to drought? A model‐based analysis for pearl millet–cowpea
Authors: Nelson William C. D. , Hoffmann Munir P. , Vadez Vincent , Rötter Reimund P. , Koch Marian , Whitbread Anthony M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCereal–legume intercropping is promoted within semi‐arid regions as an adaptation strategy to water scarcity and drought for low‐input systems. Our objectives were firstly to evaluate the crop model APSIM for pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.))—cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) intercropping—and secondly to investigate the hypothesis that intercropping provides complimentary yield under drought conditions. The APSIM model was evaluated against data from a two year on station field experiment during the dry season of a semi‐arid environment in Patancheru, India, with severe, partial and no water deficit stress (well‐watered); densities of 17 and 33 plants per m−2, and intercrop and sole crop production of pearl millet and cowpea. Overall, APSIM captured the dynamics of grain yields, indicated by the Willmott Index of Agreement (IA: 1 optimal, 0 the worst) 0.91 from 36 data points (n), total biomass (IA: 0.90, n = 144), leaf area index (LAI, IA = 0.77, n = 66), plant height (IA 0.96, n = 104 pearl millet) and cowpea (IA 0.81, n = 102), as well as soil water (IA 0.73, n = 126). Model accuracy was reasonable in absolute terms (RMSE pearl millet 469 kg/ha and cowpea 322 kg/ha). However, due to low observed values (observed mean yield pearl millet 1,280 kg/ha and cowpea 555 kg/ha), the relative error was high, a known aspect for simulation accuracy in low‐yielding environments. The simulation experiment compared the effect of intercropping pearl millet and cowpea versus sole cropping under different plant densities and water supplies. A key finding was that intercropping pearl millet and cowpea resulted in similar total yields to the sole pearl millet. Both sole and intercrop systems responded strongly to increasing water supply, except sole cropped cowpea, which performed relatively better under low water supply. High plant density had a consistent effect, leading to lower yields under low water supply. Higher yields were achieved under high density, but only when water supply was high: absolute highest total intercrop yields were 4,000 (high density) and 3,500 kg/ha (low density). This confirms the suitability of the common practice among farmers who use the low planting density under water scarce conditions. Overall, this study confirms that intercropping is no silver bullet, i.e. not per se a way to achieve high yield production or reduce risk under drought. It does, however, provide an opportunity to diversify food production by additionally integrating protein rich crops, such as cowpea.
Examining the phase evolution of lithium disilicate glass‐ceramics with lithium tantalate as a secondary phase
Authors: DeCeanne Anthony V. , Fry Aubrey L. , Wilkinson Collin J. , Dittmer Marc , Ritzberger Christian , Rampf Markus , Mauro John C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLithium disilicate glass‐ceramics were discovered in the 1950s, and the evolution of the main target phase of these materials is well known. However, the lithium disilicate system is still an area of active research, especially when a secondary phase is introduced since the phase evolution of secondary phases is not currently understood. The present study examines the main target phases, as well as a secondary phase of lithium tantalate, via X‐ray diffraction. A large data set is obtained to investigate the evolution of all phases. It is found that the nucleation of the precursor lithium metasilicate phase is coupled to both the nucleation of the primary target phase, lithium disilicate, and the nucleation of lithium tantalate. A reaction equation describing this relationship is proposed.
Enhanced 3D printed alumina ceramic cores via impregnation
Authors: Li He , Liu Yongsheng , Colombo Paolo , Li Wenbo , Liu Yansong , Hu Kehui , Lu Zhigang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract3D‐printed alumina ceramic cores often face the problem of low flexural strength at its application temperature of 1500℃, and the requirements on porosity and strength limit its fabrication process. In this research, three types of solutions were employed to impregnate the ceramics to improve the strength of the 3D‐printed alumina ceramic cores. The results showed that silica sol (SS), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TO), and 3‐(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (PM) all could improve the (room temperature) flexural strength of the 3D printed ceramics effectively compared to the control sample (CS) without impregnation, and the SS solution could improve the high temperature flexural strength at 1500℃ greatly compared to other solutions. The improvement in strength was due to the introduction of Si, which formed a stable mullite phase during the sintering process. Computed tomography (CT) analysis showed there is no cracks formed in the ceramic cores impregnated with the SS solution, and they exhibited the overall best performance (21.2 ± 0.8 vol% open porosity, shrinkage of 3.2 ± 0.3% in the X direction, 3.4 ± 0.2% in the Y direction, 2.1 ± 0.4% in the Z direction, room temperature flexural strength of 85.7 ± 6.9 MPa, and 1500℃ flexural strength of 19.2 ± 1.1 MPa).
Tungsten‐doped foam g‐C3N4 with improved photocatalytic properties for degradation of pollutant and hydrogen evolution
Authors: Zong Yi , Peng Zixing , Dong Qian , Hu Wanbing , Yang Dandan , Guo Qianyi , Chen Zhiwu , Dong Guoping 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAs a potential material applied in the photocatalytic field, graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) has attracted extensive attention for its advantages of visible‐light response, excellent thermodynamic, and chemical stability. However, the photocatalytic performance of g‐C3N4 is still limited in practical applications. Here, using a facile thermal polymerization method, unique W‐doped foam g‐C3N4 was synthesized to realize enhanced photocatalytic performance for the degradation of Rhodamine B and the evolution of hydrogen. Compared with pure foam g‐C3N4, tungsten doping modified the foam g‐C3N4 and efficiently improved its specific surface area, leading to enhanced photocatalytic performance. The average rate of hydrogen evolution was as high as 8818 μmol·h−1·g−1, which was better than most photocatalysts. This work proposes a new effective method and idea to modify g‐C3N4 for improving its photocatalytic performance.
Improving luminescence behavior and glass stability of tellurium‐doped germanate glasses by modifying network topology
Authors: Huang Ling , Li Lihua , Peng Mingying , Tan Linling , Ma Zhijun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBroadband near‐infrared (NIR) luminescent materials are of great interest for their potential application in optical communication, remote sensing, imaging, and homeland security. Tellurium (Te) doped glasses were recently recognized as such a promising candidate due to their broadband NIR emission (700–1700 nm). However, the achievement of Te‐doped glasses with high luminescence efficiency and glass stability (GS) remains a daunting challenge. Here, the luminescence behavior and GS of Te‐doped germanate glasses are manipulated by tailoring the glass network topology. Te NIR luminescence is enhanced by tailoring topological cages in germanate glass network structure through varying glass network modifiers. Meanwhile, the GS of potassium germanate glass is significantly enhanced due to increased network connectivity caused by the co‐introduction of alkaline earth oxides. Finally, NIR luminescence intensity of the glass was further enhanced by optimizing the doping concentration of TeO2. The findings here could contribute to designing Te‐activated glasses with improved performance for application in optical amplifiers and tunable fiber lasers.
Long non‐coding RNA TNK2 AS1/microRNA‐125a‐5p axis promotes tumor growth and modulated phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/AKT pathway
Authors: Guo Liuqing , Ma Hanwei , Kong Yin , Leng Guangxian , Liu Guiyuan , Zhang Youcheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and AimLong non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) TNK2 AS1 is a noncoding RNA with the capability of affecting microRNAs (miRNAs) levels and gene expression. The study was designed to investigate the mechanism of TNK2 AS1 in gastric cancer.MethodsThe loss and gain of function of TNK2 AS1 were investigated by analyzing the malignant behavior of AGS cells including the abilities of migration, invasion, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) process via wound healing and transwell assay, as well as western blot. The targeting relationship of LncRNA TNK2 AS1 was analyzed through searching bioinformatics database, luciferase reporter assay, and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Tumor‐bearing experiment in nude mice was performed to further confirm the regulatory role of TNK2 AS1 in vivo. Immunofluorescence assay for Ki67 expression was carried out in tumor tissues of mice model.ResultsThe results showed that TNK2 AS1 overexpression promoted the malignant behaviors of AGS cells, which could be weakened by miR‐125a‐5p mimic addition. In addition, Jumonji, At‐rich interaction domain (JARID2), and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway were regulated by TNK2‐AS1/miR‐125a‐5p axis. In vivo, TNK2 AS1/miR‐125a‐5p axis promoted tumor growth and led to increases in green fluorescence intensity and vimentin expression and a decrease in E‐cadherin level, which could be mediated by JARID2 and PI3K/AKT pathway.ConclusionTherefore, a conclusion was drawn that TNK2‐AS1/miR‐125a‐5p promoted the progression of gastric cancer.
Impact of a dietitian in general practice: Care of the frail and malnourished
Authors: Hickson Mary , Child Jenny , Collinson Avril 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is an increased demand in primary healthcare but general practitioner (GP) numbers are declining, creating significant challenges. Dietitians are ideal professionals to lead the treatment of patients with conditions that are amenable to dietary manipulation, including the management of malnutrition and frailty. The present study evaluated the benefits of a model of care in which a dietitian, working as a first contact practitioner within a general practice, provided care to patients at risk of malnutrition and frailty, aiming to reduce GP workload, improve patient care and make cost savings.MethodsA service evaluation with a dietitian employed 6 h per week for 6 months. The practice database was screened for patients aged ≥65 years and electronic Frailty index 0.26–0.36 or body mass index  <19 kg m–2. These patients were triaged by the dietitian and those at risk of malnutrition offered consultations. Patients prescribed oral nutritional supplements (ONS) and not under dietetic management were also seen.ResultsApproximately 1200 patients met the screening criteria; 189 (16%) patients were triaged by the dietitian. Most (75%) were at risk of malnutrition and 63 of these were seen. Improvements in strength, frailty and nutrition status were observed, and changes to ONS prescriptions in 27 patients equated to annual cost savings of £15,379. Patient satisfaction was high.ConclusionsDietitians, acting as first contact practitioners, can deliver significant improvements in care for older people at risk of malnutrition and frailty as part of the practice multi‐disciplinary team. Cost savings for ONS were made and other potential cost saving were evident.
Neurosteroids: A novel promise for the treatment of stroke and post‐stroke complications
Authors: Xu Jiawei , Zhou Yunxiang , Yan Caochong , Wang Xiaoyu , Lou Jianyao , Luo Yi , Gao Shiqi , Wang Junjie , Wu Liang , Gao Xiangfu , Shao Anwen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStroke is the primary reason for death and disability worldwide, with few treatment strategies to date. Neurosteroids, which are natural molecules in the brain, have aroused great interest in the field of stroke. Neurosteroids are a kind of steroid that acts on the nervous system, and are synthesized in the mitochondria of neurons or glial cells using cholesterol or other steroidal precursors. Neurosteroids mainly include estrogen, progesterone (PROG), allopregnanolone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and vitamin D (VD). Most of the preclinical studies have confirmed that neurosteroids can decrease the risk of stroke, and improve stroke outcomes. In the meantime, neurosteroids have been shown to have a positive therapeutic significance in some post‐stroke complications, such as epilepsy, depression, anxiety, cardiac complications, movement disorders, and post‐stroke pain. In this review, we report the historical background, modulatory mechanisms of neurosteroids in stroke and post‐stroke complications, and emphasize on the application prospect of neurosteroids in stroke therapy.
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Palmitate‐mediated induction of neuropeptide Y expression occurs through intracellular metabolites and not direct exposure to proinflammatory cytokines
Authors: Tran Andy , He Wenyuan , Chen Jim T. C. , Wellhauser Leigh , Hopperton Kathyrn E. , Bazinet Richard P. , Belsham Denise D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA contributing factor to the development of obesity is the consumption of a diet high in saturated fatty acids, such as palmitate. These fats induce hypothalamic neuroinflammation, which dysregulates neuronal function and induces orexigenic neuropeptide Y (Npy) to promote food intake. An inflammatory cytokine array identified multiple candidates that could mediate palmitate‐induced up‐regulation of Npy mRNA levels. Of these, visfatin or nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), macrophage migratory inhibitory factor (MIF), and IL‐17F were chosen for further study. Direct treatment of the neuropeptide Y/agouti‐related peptide (NPY/AgRP)‐expressing mHypoE‐46 neuronal cell line with the aforementioned cytokines demonstrated that visfatin could directly induce Npy mRNA expression. Preventing the intracellular metabolism of palmitate through long‐chain acyl‐CoA synthetase (ACSL) inhibition was sufficient to block the palmitate‐mediated increase in Npy gene expression. Furthermore, thin‐layer chromatography revealed that in neurons, palmitate is readily incorporated into ceramides and defined species of phospholipids. Exogenous C16 ceramide, dipalmitoyl‐phosphatidylcholine, and dipalmitoyl‐phosphatidylethanolamine were sufficient to significantly induce Npy expression. This study suggests that the intracellular metabolism of palmitate and elevation of metabolites, including ceramide and phospholipids, are responsible for the palmitate‐mediated induction of the potent orexigen Npy. Furthermore, this suggests that the regulation of Npy expression is less reliant on inflammatory cytokines per se than palmitate metabolites in a model of NPY/AgRP neurons. These lipid species likely induce detrimental downstream cellular signaling events ultimately causing an increase in feeding, resulting in an overweight phenotype and/or obesity.
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Immunohistochemical expression of SOX2 in non‐melanoma skin cancer
Authors: Abdou Asmaa Gaber , Mostafa Amal Farid , Gafar Samar , Farag Azza Gaber Antar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) followed by squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are the most common non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). SOX2 is a transcription factor that acts on various phases of embryonic development and its overexpression in many tumors has been reported.AimThis work aimed to evaluate the possible role of SOX2 in pathogenesis of non‐melanoma skin cancer through its immunohistochemical assessment in BCC and SCC compared to normal skin and correlating its expression with the established prognostic factors.MethodsThe investigated cases were 24 BCC, 21 SCC, and 26 normal skin specimens.ResultsSOX2 was not expressed in normal skin, but it was upregulated in SCC (85.7%) and BCC (66.7%), with a significant difference between malignant cases and normal skin (p < 0.001). However, SOX2 expression did not differ between SCC and BCC. SOX2 expression was associated with large‐sized tumors in all malignant cases (BCC plus SCC) (p = 0.02) and in SCC (p = 0.043) alone together with its liability to be expressed in advanced stage in SCC (p = 0.063).ConclusionsSOX2 was over‐expressed in cutaneous SCC and BCC without a significant difference. SOX2 may enhance progression of NMSC manifested by its association with large tumor size and advanced stage.
Menstrual and reproductive factors and limitations in activities of daily living: A case–control study within the Japan Public Health Center‐based Prospective Study
Authors: Nakamura Kazutoshi , Sawada Norie , Kitamura Kaori , Watanabe Yumi , Tsugane Shoichiro ,   Japan Public Health Center‐based Prospective Study Group
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimAlthough menstrual/reproductive factors are known to be associated with physical disability, little is known about these associations in relation to activities of daily living (ADL). This study aimed to clarify associations between menstrual/reproductive factors and ADL limitations in peri‐ and postmenopausal women.Study designA nested case–control study of the Japan Public Health Center‐based Prospective (JPHC) Study.MethodsThe main outcome measure was self‐reported ADL levels in the 10‐year follow‐up questionnaire survey of the JPHC Study conducted between 2000 and 2004 (N = 36 460). Women who “live inside almost independently, but go out with assistance” or had a lower level of activity were considered to have ADL limitations (“cases”), and all others served as controls. Candidate menstrual/reproductive predictors were as follows: menarcheal age, menopausal status, menopausal age, regularity of menses, menstrual cycle, number of pregnancies, age at first pregnancy, number of deliveries, age at first delivery, and breast feeding. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted, and odds ratios adjusted for age and past lifestyle were calculated.ResultsMean ages of cases (N = 592) and controls (N = 38 656) were 68.3 (SD = 7.6) and 61.1 (SD = 7.7) years, respectively. With respect to menopausal age, groups aged <45 and ≥55 years had significantly higher adjusted ORs (1.44, 95% CI: 1.09–1.90 and 1.55, 95%CI: 1.09–2.18, respectively) than the reference group (50–54 years). Multiparous women had significantly lower ORs than nulliparous women.ConclusionOur findings suggest that menopausal age and parity may predict future ADL limitations in women.
Efficacy and safety of autologous platelet‐rich fibrin for the treatment of infertility with intrauterine adhesions
Authors: Wang Zijun , Yang Mukun , Mao Lele , Wang Xiaoxue , Wang Shuowen , Cui Guangxia , Hou Zhaoxi , Yang Min , Cui Lei , Bai Wenpei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of autologous platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) for the treatment of infertility with intrauterine adhesions.MethodsForty patients who suffered from infertility with intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) were enrolled in this prospective trial from October 2018 to December 2019. They were randomly divided into a PRF group and a control group. Both groups underwent transcervical resection of adhesions (TCRA) during the follicular phase. PRF group: PRF prepared from autologous venous blood was placed in the uterine cavity after TCRA and after the first menstrual re‐fluid; control group: no PRF insertion. After the second menstrual re‐fluid, both groups underwent hysteroscopy to reevaluate adhesion severity. Pregnancy rate, intrauterine adhesion score, menstrual volume and duration, and endometrial thickness were assessed and adverse events were recorded.Results(1) PRF group pregnancy rate was significantly higher than the control group (55.0% vs. 20.0%). Mean follow‐up time was (17.63 ± 2.33) months. All patients fell pregnant naturally. Four (PRF) and one (control) patients delivered live births without placental complications. (2) Intrauterine adhesion scores decreased compared with treatment‐before. (3) In the pictorial blood loss assessment chart, score and menstrual duration during the 3rd menstrual cycle showed significant improvements for both groups. (4) Endometrial thickness also showed an increasing trend, and subendometrial bloodflow improved. (5) No treatment‐related serious adverse events were noted.ConclusionPlacing PRF into the uterine cavity of infertility patients with IUAs following TCRA is a safe and effective therapeutic method.
Cardiovascular risk factors before and during pregnancy: Does pregnancy unmask or initiate risk?
Authors: Harville Emily W. , Crook Carrie E. , Bazzano Lydia A. , Woo Jessica G. , Burns Trudy L. , Raitakari Olli , Urbina Elaine M. , Venn Alison , Jacobs David R. , Steinberger Julia , Sinaiko Alan , Dwyer Terence , Juonala Markus ,   the i3C Consortium
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo understand if pregnancy unmasks previously silent cardiovascular (CV) adverse factors, or initiates lasting injury.MethodsPre‐pregnancy and during pregnancy CV risk factors (blood pressure, fasting lipids, and glucose) from 296 women belonging to studies in the International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort (i3C) Consortium, a group of studies assessing the relationship between child and adolescent CV risk factors and adult outcomes, were used. Correlation coefficients between the pre‐ and during pregnancy measures were calculated, and the mean difference between the measures was modeled with adjustment for age, body mass index, race, smoking, and study.ResultsMeasures were strongly correlated at pre‐ and during‐pregnancy visits (p < 0.01), with r of between 0.30 and 0.55. In most cases, the difference between pre‐pregnancy and during‐pregnancy did not differ significantly from 0 after adjustment for confounders. Stratification by gestational age indicated stronger correlations with measurements obtained during the first and second trimesters than the third. The correlation did not differ by the time elapsed between the pre‐pregnancy and pregnancy visits.ConclusionsPre‐ and during‐pregnancy CV risk factors are moderately well correlated. This may indicate that susceptible women enter pregnancy with higher risk rather than pregnancy inducing new vascular or metabolic effects.