bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A double-layer hydrogel based on alginate-carboxymethyl cellulose and synthetic polymer as sustained drug delivery system
Authors: Hu Yan , Hu Sheng , Zhang Shangwen , Dong Siyi , Hu Jie , Kang Li , Yang Xinzhou 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA new double-layer, pH-sensitive, composite hydrogel sustained-release system based on polysaccharides and synthetic polymers with combined functions of different inner/outer hydrogels was prepared. The polysaccharides inner core based on sodium alginate (SA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), was formed by physical crosslinking with pH-sensitive property. The synthetic polymer out-layer with enhanced stability was introduced by chemical crosslinking to eliminate the expansion of inner core and the diffusion of inner content. The physicochemical structure of the double-layer hydrogels was characterized. The drug-release results demonstrated that the sustained-release effect of the hydrogels for different model drugs could be regulated by changing the composition or thickness of the hydrogel layer. The significant sustained-release effect for BSA and indomethacin indicated that the bilayer hydrogel can be developed into a novel sustained delivery system for bioactive substance or drugs with potential applications in drugs and functional foods.
PKR activity modulation by phosphomimetic mutations of serine residues located three aminoacids upstream of double-stranded RNA binding motifs
Authors: Cesaro Teresa , Hayashi Yohei , Borghese Fabian , Vertommen Didier , Wavreil Fanny , Michiels Thomas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 2 (EIF2AK2), better known as PKR, plays a key role in the response to viral infections and cellular homeostasis by regulating mRNA translation. Upon binding dsRNA, PKR is activated through homodimerization and subsequent autophosphorylation on residues Thr446 and Thr451. In this study, we identified a novel PKR phosphorylation site, Ser6, located 3 amino acids upstream of the first double-stranded RNA binding motif (DRBM1). Another Ser residue occurs in PKR at position 97, the very same position relative to the DRBM2. Ser or Thr residues also occur 3 amino acids upstream DRBMs of other proteins such as ADAR1 or DICER. Phosphoinhibiting mutations (Ser-to-Ala) introduced at Ser6 and Ser97 spontaneously activated PKR. In contrast, phosphomimetic mutations (Ser-to-Asp) inhibited PKR activation following either poly (I:C) transfection or virus infection. These mutations moderately affected dsRNA binding or dimerization, suggesting a model where negative charges occurring at position 6 and 97 tighten the interaction of DRBMs with the kinase domain, thus keeping PKR in an inactive closed conformation even in the presence of dsRNA. This study provides new insights on PKR regulation mechanisms and identifies Ser6 and Ser97 as potential targets to modulate PKR activity for therapeutic purposes.
Massive seafloor mounds depict potential for seafloor mineral deposits in the Great South Basin (GSB) offshore New Zealand
Authors: Olakunle Omosanya Kamaldeen , Ajibola Lawal Muhedeen , Muhammad Iqbal H. , Makovsky Yizhaq 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSeafloor mounds are enigmatic features along many continental margins and are often interpreted as gas hydrate pingoes, seep deposits, mud volcanoes, or hydrothermal mounds. When such mounds occur in basins with past volcanic activities, they have the potential to host seafloor metalliferous deposits, which is generally overlooked. Using geophysical datasets, we document the fluid plumbing systems that promoted the formation of seafloor mounds in the Great South Basin (GSB), offshore New Zealand. We also investigate these mounds as potential seafloor metalliferous deposits. Our results reveal 9 seafloor mounds (~ 137 m high) above gigantic (~ 5.4 km high) fluid escape pipes that are associated with deeper crystalline rocks. The structural make-up of the mounds, their geospatial relationships with the pipes and intrusive rocks, and geophysical properties suggest a primary volcanic or hydrothermal origin for the culpable fluids and mounds respectively. Fluids derived from deeper coal beds and shallow foraminiferal oozes in the basin constitute secondary fluid sources focused along polygonal faults and lateral flow cells. A main sub-vertical and minor lateral fluid plumbing patterns are proposed. The relationship between the mounds, pipes, underlying intrusive rocks, and upward routing of mineral-rich fluids could have implications for the formation of ore-grade mineral deposits on the seafloor in the GSB.
Interleukin 10 level in the peritoneal cavity is a prognostic marker for peritoneal recurrence of T4 colorectal cancer
Authors: Jeong Seung-Yong , Jeon Byeong Geon , Kim Ji-Eun , Shin Rumi , Ahn Hye Seong , Jin Heejin , Heo Seung Chul 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPeritoneal recurrence (PR) is a major relapse pattern of colorectal cancer (CRC). We investigated whether peritoneal immune cytokines can predict PR. Cytokine concentrations of peritoneal fluid from CRC patients were measured. Patients were grouped according to peritoneal cancer burden (PCB): no tumor cells (≤ pT3), microscopic tumor cells (pT4), or gross tumors (M1c). Cytokine concentrations were compared among the three groups and the associations of those in pT4 patients with and without postoperative PR were assessed. Of the ten cytokines assayed, IL6, IL10, and TGFB1 increased with progression of PCB. Among these, IL10 was a marker of PR in pT4 (N = 61) patients based on ROC curve (p = 0.004). The IL10 cut-off value (14 pg/mL) divided patients into groups with a low (7%, 2 of 29 patients) or high (45%, 16 of 32 patients) 5-year PR (p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis identified high IL10 levels as the independent risk factor for PR. Separation of patients into training and test sets to evaluate the performance of IL10 cut-off model validated this cytokine as a risk factor for PR. Peritoneal IL10 is a prognostic marker of PR in pT4 CRC. Further research is necessary to identify immune response of intraperitoneal CRC growth.
Untargeted metabolomic analysis in cats with naturally occurring inflammatory bowel disease and alimentary small cell lymphoma
Authors: Marsilio Sina , Chow Betty , Hill Steve L. , Ackermann Mark R. , Estep J. Scot , Sarawichitr Benjamin , Pilla Rachel , Lidbury Jonathan A. , Steiner Joerg M. , Suchodolski Jan S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFeline chronic enteropathy (CE) is a common gastrointestinal disorder in cats and mainly comprises inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and small cell lymphoma (SCL). Differentiation between IBD and SCL can be diagnostically challenging. We characterized the fecal metabolome of 14 healthy cats and 22 cats with naturally occurring CE (11 cats with IBD and 11 cats with SCL). Principal component analysis and heat map analysis showed distinct clustering between cats with CE and healthy controls. Random forest classification revealed good group prediction for healthy cats and cats with CE, with an overall out-of-bag error rate of 16.7%. Univariate analysis indicated that levels of 84 compounds in cats with CE differed from those in healthy cats. Polyunsaturated fatty acids held discriminatory power in differentiating IBD from SCL. Metabolomic profiles of cats with CE resembled those in people with CE with significant alterations of metabolites related to tryptophan, arachidonic acid, and glutathione pathways.
The risk of developing a meningioma during and after pregnancy
Authors: Pettersson-Segerlind Jenny , Mathiesen Tiit , Elmi-Terander Adrian , Edström Erik , Talbäck Mats , Feychting Maria , Tettamanti Giorgio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPregnancy has been associated with diagnosis or growth of meningiomas in several case reports, which has led to the hypothesis that pregnancy may be a risk factor for meningiomas. The aim of this study was to test this hypothesis in a large population-based cohort study. Women born in Sweden 1958–2000 (N = 2,204,126) were identified and matched with the Medical Birth Register and the Cancer Register. The expected number of meningioma cases and risk ratios were calculated for parous and nulliparous women and compared to the observed number of cases. Compared to parous women, meningiomas were more common among nulliparous (SIR = 1.73; 95% CI 1.52–1.95). The number of meningioma cases detected during pregnancy was lower than the expected (SIR = 0.40; 95% CI 0.20–0.72). Moreover, no increased risk was found in the first-year post-partum (SIR = 1.04; 95% CI 0.74–1.41). Contrary to our hypothesis, there was no increased risk for diagnosing a meningioma during pregnancy or 1-year post-partum. A lower detection rate during pregnancy, may reflect under-utilization of diagnostic procedures, but the actual number of meningiomas was homogenously lower among parous than nulliparous women throughout the study period, indicating that pregnancy is not a risk factor for meningioma.
Long term crop rotation effect on subsequent soybean yield explained by soil and root-associated microbiomes and soil health indicators
Authors: Neupane Achal , Bulbul Izzet , Wang Ziyi , Lehman R. Michael , Nafziger Emerson , Marzano Shin-Yi Lee 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCrop rotation is an important management tactic that farmers use to manage crop production and reduce pests and diseases. Long-term crop rotations may select groups of microbes that form beneficial or pathogenic associations with the following crops, which could explain observed crop yield differences with different crop sequences. To test this hypothesis, we used two locations each with four long-term (12–14-year), replicated, rotation treatments: continuous corn (CCC), corn/corn/soybean (SCC), corn/soybean (CSC), and soybean/corn (SCS). Afterwards, soybean was planted, and yield and soil health indicators, bulk soil microbiome, and soybean root-associated microbiome were assessed. Soybean yields, as well as soil protein, and POXC as soil health indicators were higher following CCC than in the other three treatments at both locations. A bacterial taxon in familyJG30-KF-AS9was enriched in CCC, whereasMicrovirga,Rhodomicrobium, andMicromonosporaceaewere enriched in SCS. Several ascomycetes explain lowered yield as soybean pathogens in SCS. Surprisingly,Tumularia,PyrenochaetopsisandSchizotheciumwere enriched in soybean roots after CCC, suggesting corn pathogens colonizing soybean roots as nonpathogens. Our finding of associations between soil health indicators related to microbiomes and soybean yield has wide-ranging implications, opening the possibility of manipulating microbiomes to improve crop yield potential.
Inhibition of eEF2K synergizes with glutaminase inhibitors or 4EBP1 depletion to suppress growth of triple-negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Ju YoungJun , Ben-David Yaacov , Rotin Daniela , Zacksenhaus Eldad 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase, eEF2K, which restricts protein translation elongation, has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for diverse types of malignancies including triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the contexts in which eEF2K inhibition is essential in TNBC and its consequences on the proteome are largely unknown. Here we show that genetic or pharmacological inhibition of eEF2K cooperated with glutamine (Gln) starvation, and synergized with glutaminase (GLS1) inhibitors to suppress growth of diverse TNBC cell lines. eEF2K inhibition also synergized with depletion of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (eIF4EBP1; 4EBP1), a suppressor of eukaryotic protein translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), to induce c-MYC and Cyclin D1 expression, yet attenuate growth of TNBC cells. Proteomic analysis revealed that whereas eEF2K depletion alone uniquely induced Cyclin Dependent Kinase 1 (CDK1) and 6 (CDK6), combined depletion of eEF2K and 4EBP1 resulted in overlapping effects on the proteome, with the highest impact on the ‘Collagen containing extracellular matrix’ pathway (e.g. COL1A1), as well as the amino-acid transporter, SLC7A5/LAT1, suggesting a regulatory loop via mTORC1. In addition, combined depletion of eEF2K and 4EBP1 indirectly reduced the levels of IFN-dependent innate immune response-related factors. Thus, eEF2K inhibition triggers cell cycle arrest/death under unfavourable metabolic conditions such as Gln-starvation/GLS1 inhibition or 4EBP1 depletion, uncovering new therapeutic avenues for TNBC and underscoring a pressing need for clinically relevant eEF2K inhibitors.
The effect of introducing Ga on the ZSM-5-catalyzed methanol to aromatics reaction: taking methylcyclopentane to benzene as an example
Authors: Zhang Dandan , Liu Hongyan , Ling Lixia , Zhang Hairong , Zhang Riguang , Liu Ping , Wang Baojun 
Published: April 2021

Introducing Ga to ZSM-5 was more favorable for dehydrogenation than two H-type ZSM-5 (H-Z1 and H-Z2) models, which makes methylcyclopentane is easy to form benzene.
Usefulness of New Shear Wave Elastography Technique for Noninvasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B: A Prospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Wang Jinfen , Wu Manli , Linghu Runze , Chang Jiandong , Wu Min , Feng Cheng , Ren Xinping , Liu Changzhu , Lin Jie , Song Tao , Gu Jionghui , Zhang Yao , Fang Ye , Ma Sumei , Hu Pingxiang , Wu Linsong , Han Xue , Chen Kaixuan , Shi Qiusheng , Zhang Ruifang , Zhou Qi , Du Ruiqing , Gao Yongyan , Jing Xiang , Yang Shunshi , Zhou Chang , Zheng Jian , Liang Ping , Zheng Rong-Qin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose To explore the usefulness of liver stiffness measurements (LSMs) by sound touch elastography (STE) and sound touch quantification (STQ) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients for staging fibrosis.
Methods This prospective multicenter study recruited normal volunteers and CHB patients between May 2018 and October 2019. The volunteers underwent LSM by STE and supersonic shear imaging (SSI) or by STQ and acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (ARFI). CHB patients underwent liver biopsy and LSM by both STE/STQ. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) for staging fibrosis were calculated.
Results Overall, 97 volunteers and 524 CHB patients were finally eligible for the study. The successful STE and STQ measurement rates were both 100 % in volunteers and 99.4 % in CHB patients. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for the intra-observer stability of STE and STQ (0.94; 0.90) were similar to those of SSI and ARFI (0.95; 0.87), respectively. STE and STQ showed better accuracy than the aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) and fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) (AUC: 0.87 vs 0.86 vs 0.73 vs 0.77) in staging cirrhosis. However, both STE and STQ were not superior to APRI and FIB-4 in staging significant fibrosis (AUC: 0.76 vs 0.73 vs 0.70 vs 0.71, all P-values > 0.05).
Conclusion STE and STQ are convenient techniques with a reliable LSM value. They have a similar diagnostic performance and are superior to serum biomarkers in staging cirrhosis in CHB patients.
BODIPY derivatives as fluorescent reporters of molecular activities in living cells
Authors: Martynov Vladimir I. , Pakhomov Alexey A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFluorescent compounds have become indispensable tools for imaging molecular activities in the living cell. 4,4-Difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) is currently one of the most popular fluorescent reporters due to its unique photophysical properties. This review provides a general survey and presents a summary of recent advances in the development of new BODIPY-based cellular biomarkers and biosensors. The review starts with the consideration of the properties of BODIPY derivatives required for their application as cellular reporters. Then review provides examples of the design of sensors for different biologically important molecules, ions, membrane potential, temperature and viscosity defining the live cell status. Special attention is payed to BODPY-based phototransformable reporters.The bibliography includes 339 references.
Nucleic acid ligands act as a PAM and agonist depending on the intrinsic ligand binding state of P2RY2
Authors: Takahashi Masaki , Amano Ryo , Ozawa Michiru , Martinez Anna , Akita Kazumasa , Nakamura Yoshikazu 
Published: April 2021

Significance
Discovery of ligands for G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) is of importance in receptor biology and pharmacology but is still a challenging issue. Here, we propose a method for the discovery of ligands against GPCRs by employing a virus-like particle (VLP) and show unique properties of identified nucleic acid aptamers for GPCR. One aptamer raised against purinergic receptor P2Y2 (P2RY2), a GPCR, behaves like a partial agonist to unliganded receptor, whereas it exhibits a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) activity to liganded receptor. We demonstrate the validity of our aptamer screening method targeting VLP-stabilized GPCR and a unique aptamer with dual function, agonist and PAM, for GPCR, depending on whether the intrinsic ligand is prebound to the receptor.
Increased letter spacing and greater letter width improve reading acuity in low vision readers
Authors: Beier Sofie , Oderkerk Chiron A. T. , Bay Birte , Larsen Michael 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Low vision readers depend on magnification, but magnification reduces the amount of text that can be overviewed and
hampers text navigation. In this study, we evaluate the effects that font variations letter spacing, letter width, and letter boldness have
on low vision reading. We tested 20 low-vision patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and used the Radner Reading Chart, which
measures reading acuity (logRAD), maximum reading speed, and critical print size. The results demonstrated a small, but measurable effect of letter spacing and letter width on reading acuity near critical font sizes.
Interacting fermions in narrow-gap semiconductors with band inversion
Authors: Panday Suman Raj , Dzero Maxim 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Highly unconventional behavior of the thermodynamic response functions has been experimentally observed in a narrow gap semiconductor samarium hexaboride. Motivated by these observations, we use renormalization group technique to investigate many-body instabilities in the f-orbital narrow gap semiconductors with band inversion in the limit of weak coupling. By projecting out the double occupancy of the f-states we formulate a low-energy theory describing the interacting particles in two hybridized electron- and hole-like bands. The interactions are assumed to be weak and short-ranged. We take into account the difference between the effective masses of the quasiparticles in each band. Upon carrying out the renormalization group analysis we find that there is only one stable fixed point corresponding to the excitonic instability with time-reversal symmetry breaking for small enough mismatch between the effective masses.
Effects of ferromagnetic-material thickness on magnetoelectric voltage transformation in a multiferroic heterostructure
Authors: Saveliev Dmitry , Fetisov Leonid , Chashin Dmitry , Fetisov Yuri , Khon Anastasia , Shamonin Mikhail 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A magnetoelectric (ME) voltage transformer is fabricated on the basis of a ferromagnetic (FM)–piezoelectric (PE) heterostructure comprising two equally thick laminated layers of an amorphous FM alloy and a piezoceramic lead zirconate-titanate layer sandwiched between them. The structure, placed inside an excitation coil, is electrically poled and magnetized in the direction of the long axis. The primary voltage is applied to the coil and the secondary voltage is measured between the electrodes of the PE material. It is shown for the first time that the change in the total thickness of magnetic layers significantly influences the transformer´s characteristics. At the largest total thickness of FM layers of 138 µm, the open-circuit voltage transformation ratio K has a maximum value of about 20, and the power transfer efficiency η at a matched resistive load of about 20 kΩ reaches 45%. The variation of the control magnetic field in the range of 0–21.6 kA m−1 makes it possible to change the voltage transformation ratio K from zero to the maximum value. A simple model allows one to calculate the dependence of the characteristics of the ME transformer on the frequency of the primary voltage, thickness of the FM layers, control magnetic field, and the load.
Buckling analysis of square Functionally Graded Material (FGM) plate using Discrete Kirchhoff Mindlin Triangular (DKMT) element
Authors: Harahap M P S , Maknun I J , Katili I 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the convergence behavior of Discrete Kirchhoff Mindlin Triangular (DKMT) element in buckling analysis under uniaxial compression of square plate problems. The DKMT element has a good result for a thin plate and a thick plate. For the Functionally Graded Material (FGM) problem, the DKMT element is reformulated. FGM is a graded composite material that has high-temperature and structural flexibility resistance. The numerical results of mechanical buckling of square FGM plate under uniaxial compression using the DKMT element are reported. The critical buckling of the square FGM plate is compared to the reference existing solutions. The effects of parametric variation, such as the type of meshing, boundary conditions, power-law index, and ratio L/h are presented. The results show that the DKMT element gives good results on the buckling analysis of square FGM plate problems.
Stability Analysis of a Fractional-Order Leslie-Gower Model with Allee Effect in Predator
Authors: Rahmi Emli , Darti Isnani , Suryanto Agus , Trisilowati  , Panigoro Hasan S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the dynamics of a fractional-order Leslie-Gower model with Allee effect in predator is investigated. Firstly, we determine the existing condition and local stability of all possible equilibrium points. The model has four equilibrium points, namely both prey and predator extinction point, the prey extinction point, the predator extinction point, and the interior point. Furthermore, we also show the dynamic changing around the interior point due to the changing of the order of the fractional derivative, namely the Hopf bifurcation. In the end, some numerical simulations are demonstrated to illustrate the dynamics of the model. Here we show numerically the local stability, the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation, and the impact of the Allee effect to the prey and predator densities.
Study on Terahertz Time-domain Spectral Signatures of Wheat from Different Years
Authors: Shen Yin , Bin Li , Zhao Chunjiang , Li Guanglin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Wheat freshness is an important factor affecting wheat quality. In the current research, a total of 375 wheat samples from five different years (2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020) were identified by using the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) technology. The THz spectrum information of wheat was acquired, and the THz-TDS signals of wheat were obtained after Savitzky-Golay pretreatment. Then the data of frequency-domain spectra, refractive index spectra and absorption spectra of wheat within the range of 0.2∼1.4 THz were obtained after calculating the optical parameters. According to the experiment results, there were differences in the refractive indexes and absorption coefficients of wheat samples from different years. The refractive indexes of wheat samples from 2020 were significantly lower than that of wheat samples from other years, and the absorption coefficients of all five kinds of samples increased as the frequency increased. The study results showed that THz-TDS was of great potential for the effective determination of wheat freshness and it provided a basis for determination of wheat quality, bearing great practical significance.