bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeated Spinal Mobility Measures and Their Association With Radiographic Damage in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Hwang Mark C. , Lee MinJae , Gensler Lianne S. , Ward Michael M. , Brown Matthew A. , Learch Thomas J. , Tahanan Amirali , Rahbar Mohammad H. , Ishimori Mariko , Weisman Michael H. , Reveille John D. ,   the PSOAS Study Investigators
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveWe sought to explore the relationship between changes in repeated mobility measures and spinal structural progression in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) over time.MethodsWe studied patients with AS from the PSOAS (Prospective Study of Outcomes in AS) cohort and performed longitudinal multivariable regression modeling to assess the relationship of structural damage measured by their regional (cervical or lumbar) modified Stoke AS Spinal Score(mSASSS) and selected cervical (eg, cervical rotation, lateral bending, and occiput‐to‐wall distance) and lumbar spinal mobility measures (eg, Schöber’s test and lumbar lateral bending) that were collected at least every 2 years from 2003 to 2019.ResultsThe median length of follow‐up for our 518 patients with cervical mSASSS measurements and 573 with lumbar mSASSS measurements was 4.08 (interquartile range [IQR] 2.25‐6.67) and 4.17 (IQR 2.25‐6.67) years, respectively. Among the mobility measures, based on multivariable regression models adjusting for clinical/demographic variables and C‐reactive protein, we did not observe meaningful associations between changes in spinal mobility with their respective regional mSASSS. Baseline mSASSS, male sex, increased C‐reactive protein (CRP), and longer disease duration were associated with increased longitudinal mSASSS in all analyses.ConclusionOur study shows that 2‐year changes in individual spinal mobility measures are not reliably associated with increased, longitudinal, AS‐related spinal structural progression. We also confirmed the relationship of baseline mSASSS, sex, CRP, and disease duration with AS‐related structural spinal progression over time.
Rational Assembly of Superstructure Microparticles into Mosaic‐Like Highly Oriented Monolayer for Glucose‐Responsive Electrodes
Authors: Cai Yun , Shi Yue , Yazicioglu Deniz , Yu Fengjiao , Gutsch Sebastian , Zacharias Margit , Yang Yang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAssembly of functional superstructure microparticles into large‐scale transferable ensembles is a practical approach to elaborate collective properties for catalytic and sensing applications. Here, a two‐step assembly process is proposed to fabricate a mosaic‐like highly oriented monolayer consisting of densely packed CuI superstructure microparticles (s‐CuI) over a large area. First, optimized synthesis and Cl doping of rectangular sheet‐like s‐CuI is achieved by antisolvent crystallization. Then, a steep capillary gradient is created along the water surface to compress the pre‐dispersed s‐CuI into a centimeter‐sized mosaic‐like highly oriented monolayer, which can be integrally transferred onto fluorine‐doped tin oxide glass substrates. The s‐CuI monolayer with optimal Cl doping exhibits a highly sensitive electrochemical response to glucose in a nonenzymatic weakly alkaline environment. A photoelectrochemical response to glucose can also be achieved in nonenzymatic neutral solution. The high performances are ascribed to large surface area, excellent electrical contact, and consistently exposed Cu+ active sites of the s‐CuI building blocks.
Characterization of Cellular Heterogeneity and an Immune Subpopulation of Human Megakaryocytes
Authors: Liu Cuicui , Wu Dan , Xia Meijuan , Li Minmin , Sun Zhiqiang , Shen Biao , Liu Yiying , Jiang Erlie , Wang Hongtao , Su Pei , Shi Lihong , Xiao Zhijian , Zhu Xiaofan , Zhou Wen , Wang Qianfei , Gao Xin , Cheng Tao , Zhou Jiaxi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMegakaryocytes (MKs) and their progeny platelets function in a variety of biological processes including coagulation, hemostasis, inflammation, angiogenesis, and innate immunity. However, the divergent developmental and cellular landscape of adult MKs remains mysterious. Here, by deriving the single‐cell transcriptomic profiling of MKs from human adult bone marrow (BM), cellular heterogeneity within MKs is unveiled and an MK subpopulation with high enrichment of immune‐associated genes is identified. By performing the dynamic single‐cell transcriptomic landscape of human megakaryopoiesis in vitro, it is found that the immune signatures of MKs can be traced back to the progenitor stage. Furthermore, two surface markers, CD148 and CD48, are identified for mature MKs with immune characteristics. At the functional level, these CD148+CD48+ MKs can respond rapidly to immune stimuli both in vitro and in vivo, exhibit high‐level expression of immune receptors and mediators, and may function as immune‐surveillance cells. The findings uncover the cellular heterogeneity and a novel immune subset of human adult MKs and should greatly facilitate the understanding of the divergent functions of MKs under physiological and pathological conditions.
Floral morphology of robusta coffee genotypes
Authors: Silva Cleidson Alves da , Partelli Fábio Luiz , Aoyama Elisa Mitsuko , Bonomo Robson , Vieira Henrique Duarte , Ramalho José C. , Ribeiro‐Barros Ana Isabel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractKnowledge about the diversity in the morphological characteristics of robusta coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner) flowers is fundamental to understanding reproduction processes, interpret pollination‐related mechanisms, and contribute to breeding studies. The objective of this study was to analyze and characterize morphological variability of flower traits among robusta coffee cultivar Conilon genotypes of high agronomic performance. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block, split‐plot design. The main plot corresponded to six Conilon coffee genotypes and the subplots to 2 yr of evaluation (2018 and 2019). Eight floral traits were measured and analyzed through analysis of variance by the F test (<.01), Tocher's optimization method and hierarchical Unweighted Pair Group Method using Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA) clustering. The relative importance of each character was also estimated to predict genetic diversity, and the degree of trait interrelation was assessed by Spearman's correlation. Genotype Pirata had outstanding floral morphological structure and was grouped separately by Tocher and UPGMA clustering. Style length was the major contributor to genetic diversity, followed by the lengths of the corolla tube and stigmatic lobes. The flower trait characteristics were positively correlated, and corolla tube length and style length were most strongly correlated. These results contribute to other studies related to the interpretation of the mechanisms related to pollination and reproduction of this species, and also outline diversity of genetic resources of interest to plant‐breeding programs.
TSPEAR variants are primarily associated with ectodermal dysplasia and tooth agenesis but not hearing loss: A novel cohort study
Authors: Bowles Bradley , Ferrer Alejandro , Nishimura Carla J. , Pinto e Vairo Filippo , Rey Tristan , Leheup Bruno , Sullivan Jennifer , Schoch Kelly , Stong Nicholas , Agolini Emanuele , Cocciadiferro Dario , Williams Abigail , Cummings Alex , Loddo Sara , Genovese Silvia , Roadhouse Chelsea , McWalter Kirsty ,   Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Wentzensen Ingrid M. , Li Chumei , Babovic‐Vuksanovic Dusica , Lanpher Brendan C. , Dentici Maria Lisa , Ankala Arun , Hamm J. Austin , Dallapiccola Bruno , Radio Francesca Clementina , Shashi Vandana , Gérard Benedicte , Bloch‐Zupan Agnes , Smith Richard J. , Klee Eric W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBiallelic loss‐of‐function variants in the thrombospondin‐type laminin G domain and epilepsy‐associated repeats (TSPEAR) gene have recently been associated with ectodermal dysplasia and hearing loss. The first reports describing a TSPEAR disease association identified this gene is a cause of nonsyndromic hearing loss, but subsequent reports involving additional affected families have questioned this evidence and suggested a stronger association with ectodermal dysplasia. To clarify genotype–phenotype associations for TSPEAR variants, we characterized 13 individuals with biallelic TSPEAR variants. Individuals underwent either exome sequencing or panel‐based genetic testing. Nearly all of these newly reported individuals (11/13) have phenotypes that include tooth agenesis or ectodermal dysplasia, while three newly reported individuals have hearing loss. Of the individuals displaying hearing loss, all have additional variants in other hearing‐loss‐associated genes, specifically TMPRSS3, GJB2, and GJB6, that present competing candidates for their hearing loss phenotype. When presented alongside previous reports, the overall evidence supports the association of TSPEAR variants with ectodermal dysplasia and tooth agenesis features but creates significant doubt as to whether TSPEAR variants are a monogenic cause of hearing loss. Further functional evidence is needed to evaluate this phenotypic association.
New euchromatic variant dup(11)(p15.3p15.1) transmitted through two generations defined by low coverage whole genome sequencing
Authors: Singer Sylke , Gazou Anastasia , Sturm Marc , Demidov German , Mazzola Pascale , Riess Olaf , Ossowski Stephan , Dufke Andreas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe report on a 14‐year old boy, his father, and his paternal uncle, all three carriers of a duplication of chromosomal region 11p15.3‐p15.1. The aberration was transmitted by the grandmother, who is carrier of a balanced insertion 46,XX,ins(14;11)(q32.1;p15.3p15.1). In order to determine the precise molecular basis of this structural variant, we performed low‐coverage whole genome sequencing on the boy's father. This approach allowed precise determination of the genomic breakpoints and revealed a duplication of 6.9 Mb, centromeric to the Beckwith–Wiedemann/Silver–Russell syndrome critical region in 11p15.5, that inserted in inverse orientation into 14q32.12 (according to HGVS nomenclature: NC_000014.8:g.92871000_92871001ins[NC_000011.9:g.12250642_19165928inv;T]). To our knowledge, this is the first report of a duplication of 11p15.3‐p15.1 involving more than 40 genes and transmitted through two generations without apparent clinical effects.
Blood–Brain Barrier Breakdown in Relationship to Alzheimer and Vascular Disease
Authors: Lin Zixuan , Sur Sandeepa , Liu Peiying , Li Yang , Jiang Dengrong , Hou Xirui , Darrow Jacqueline , Pillai Jay J. , Yasar Sevil , Rosenberg Paul , Albert Marilyn , Moghekar Abhay , Lu Hanzhang 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveBlood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown has been suggested to be an early biomarker in human cognitive impairment. However, the relationship between BBB breakdown and brain pathology, most commonly Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular disease, is still poorly understood. The present study measured human BBB function in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients on 2 molecular scales, specifically BBB's permeability to water and albumin molecules.MethodsFifty‐five elderly participants were enrolled, including 33 MCI patients and 22 controls. BBB permeability to water was measured with a new magnetic resonance imaging technique, water extraction with phase contrast arterial spin tagging. BBB permeability to albumin was determined using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/serum albumin ratio. Cognitive performance was assessed by domain‐specific composite scores. AD pathology (including CSF Aβ and ptau) and vascular risk factors were examined.ResultsCompared to cognitively normal subjects, BBB in MCI patients manifested an increased permeability to small molecules such as water but was no more permeable to large molecules such as albumin. BBB permeability to water was found to be related to AD markers of CSF Aβ and ptau. On the other hand, BBB permeability to albumin was found to be related to vascular risk factors, especially hypercholesterolemia, but was not related to AD pathology. BBB permeability to small molecules, but not to large molecules, was found to be predictive of cognitive function.InterpretationThese findings provide early evidence that BBB breakdown is related to both AD and vascular risks, but their effects can be differentiated by spatial scales. BBB permeability to small molecules has a greater impact on cognitive performance. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:227–238
Adaptive control using stochastic approach for unknown but bounded disturbances and its application in balancing control
Authors: Singh Rupam , Bhushan Bharat 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA) approach for unknown but bounded disturbances in a typical closed loop system. These random disturbances are represented by a sequence of uncertainties along with the measured system output. Further, the proposed approach constructs a sequence of estimates and formulates an optimization problem which is minimized to achieve the adaptive control. In addition, the convergence conditions and additional generalizations are proposed to enhance the operation of SPSA algorithms for trail perturbation properties. To address the major challenges with unknown disturbances on the closed loop system, a balancing control problem with two degree of freedom (2DoF) ball balancer system and proportional integral derivative (PID) controller is considered. The proposed SPSA method minimizes the optimization problem to obtain the gain values of the PID controller. Simulation and experimental analysis are carried out, and the results substantiate that the PID gains optimized using SPSA provide better control when compared to conventional control approach in terms of tracking response under random uncertainties.
Autistic traits are associated with faster pace of aging: Evidence from the Dunedin study at age 45
Authors: Mason David , Ronald Angelica , Ambler Antony , Caspi Avshalom , Houts Renate , Poulton Richie , Ramrakha Sandhya , Wertz Jasmin , Moffitt Terrie E. , Happé Francesca 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGrowing evidence indicates that the defining characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are distributed throughout the general population; hence, understanding the correlates of aging in people with high autistic traits could shed light on ASD and aging. 915 members of the Dunedin longitudinal birth cohort completed a measure of autistic traits at age 45. A composite measure of the “pace of aging” was derived by tracking the decline in 19 biomarkers across ages 26, 32, 38, and 45 years. Facial age was also assessed. Reports of perceived health were collected from participants themselves, informants, and interviewers. Higher self‐reported autistic traits significantly correlated with a faster pace of aging, older facial age, and poorer self‐, informant‐, and interviewer‐rated health. After control for sex, SES and IQ, autistic traits were significantly associated with each variable: pace of aging (β = 0.09), facial age (β = 0.08), self‐ (β = −0.15), informant (β = −0.12), and interviewer‐rated (β = −0.17) health. Autistic traits measured at age 45 are associated with faster aging. Participants with high autistic traits appear to be more vulnerable to poor health outcomes, as previously reported for those clinically diagnosed with ASD. Therefore, autistic traits may have important health implications. Replicating these findings in samples of autistic people is needed to identify the mechanism of their effect on aging and physical health to improve outcomes for those with ASD diagnoses or high autistic traits.Lay SummaryThe role that autistic traits have in relation to health outcomes has not been investigated. We looked at how physical health and aging (measured with self‐reported questions and decline in multiple biological measures) were related to autistic traits (measured with a questionnaire, at age 45). We found that higher autistic traits were associated with poorer reports of physical health, and a faster pace of aging. This suggests that both those with autism and those with higher autistic traits may be more likely to experience poorer health outcomes.
Opportunity identification for sustainable entrepreneurship: Exploring the interplay of individual and context level factors in India
Authors: Argade Padmaja , Salignac Fanny , Barkemeyer Ralf 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSustainable entrepreneurship is becoming an increasingly established topic within the entrepreneurship literature. The phenomenon of businesses incorporating social and environmental agendas within their core activities has gathered an increasing academic interest. However, few empirical studies have explored the stage of opportunity identification in the sustainable entrepreneurship process in a more systematic manner, even more so in non‐Western contexts such as India. We structure our analysis using a framework situated in the conventional entrepreneurship literature and the literature on National Business Systems (NBS). We conduct a qualitative study to explore the motivations of Indian sustainable entrepreneurs in two sectors: sustainable energy and ethical clothing. While we find that the conventional entrepreneurship based framework provides crucial insights to understand opportunity identification within sustainable entrepreneurship, we also observe a number of features unique to sustainable entrepreneurship in the Indian context—including the personal backgrounds of the participants as well as prioritization of motivational factors. Importantly, we find notable within‐country variation in the contextual factors that appear to shape motivational dynamics. In the words of one participant, “there are many Indias” rather than one monolithic approach to sustainable entrepreneurship in India.
Association between pre‐diagnostic serum albumin and cancer risk: Results from a prospective population‐based study
Authors: Yang Zhuoyu , Zheng Yadi , Wu Zheng , Wen Yan , Wang Gang , Chen Shuohua , Tan Fengwei , Li Jiang , Wu Shouling , Dai Min , Li Ni , He Jie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlbumin is supposed to be associated with cancer risk. However, evidence on serum albumin and cancer risk among the Chinese population is sparse. This study was conducted to evaluate the association between pre‐diagnostic serum albumin and cancer risk among Chinese.MethodsA total of 82,061 participants with baseline information on serum albumin concentration in the Kailuan cohort were recruited. Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were used to evaluate the association between pre‐diagnostic serum albumin and cancer risk.ResultsAlbumin levels were inversely associated with overall cancer risk (HR [95% CI]: Q2, Q3, Q4 vs. Q1: 0.91 [0.78–1.07], 0.80 [0.70–0.92], 0.73 [0.63–0.85]), and the risk of lung, colorectal, and liver cancer (HR [95% CI]: Q4 vs. Q1: lung: 0.70 [0.52–0.95], colorectal: 0.43 [0.26–0.72], liver: 0.59 [0.36–0.95]). After excluding new cancer cases within 2 years since enrollment, a more significant association was observed for liver cancer (HR [95% CI]: Q4 vs. Q1: 0.41 [0.21–0.78]), while associations converted to nonsignificant for lung and colorectal cancer. The RCS model suggested an inverse linear association between albumin and the risk of overall cancer (p‐overall < 0.0001, p‐nonlinear = 0.3716) and liver cancer (p‐overall = 0.0002, p‐nonlinear = 0.1807).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that pre‐diagnostic serum albumin is inversely and linearly associated with cancer risk among the Chinese population. This study provides evidence that albumin may be valuable to the prediction and stratification of cancer risk in the general population. However, the biological mechanism and clinical significance remain to be elucidated. Population studies with longer follow‐up time as well as experimental studies are further required.
The impact of short hospital stay on prognosis after acute myocardial infarction: An analysis from the ACSIS database
Authors: Tomer Orr , Leibowitz David , Einhorn‐Cohen Michal , Shlomo Nir , Dobrecky‐Mery Idit , Blatt Alex , Meisel Simcha , Alcalai Ronny 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundCurrent evidence regarding the optimal length of hospital stay (LOS) following myocardial infarction (MI) is limited. This study aimed to examine LOS policy for MI patients and to assess the safety of early discharge.MethodsA prospective observational study that included patients with STEMI and NSTEMI enrolled in the Acute Coronary Syndrome Israeli Survey (ACSIS) during the years 2000–2016. Patients were divided into three subgroups according to their LOS: <3 days (short‐LOS), 3–6 days (intermediate‐LOS) and >6 days (long‐LOS). We compared baseline characteristics, management strategies and clinical outcomes at 30 days and 1 year in these groups.ResultsTen thousand four hundred and fifty eight patients were enrolled in the study. The LOS of MI patients gradually decreased over time. Short‐LOS and intermediate‐LOS patients had similar clinical characteristics while patients in the long‐LOS group were older with more co‐morbidity. There was no difference in the clinical outcomes, including re‐MI, arrhythmias, 30 days MACE, and 30 days mortality between the short‐LOS and intermediate‐LOS groups. However, the rate of re‐hospitalizations was higher in the short‐LOS group (20.9% vs. 17.8%, p = .004) without evidence of increased cardiovascular events. In multivariate analysis, the LOS did not predict either 30 days mortality (HR: 1.3; CI:0.45–5.48), nor MACE at 30 days (HR: 1.1; CI:0.79–1.56).ConclusionOur study suggests that an early discharge strategy of up to 3 days from admission is safe for low and intermediate‐risk patients after both STEMI and NSTEMI. Nevertheless, this strategy is associated with an increased risk of potential avoidable readmission and there might be psychological and social factors that may warrant a longer stay.
Efficacy and safety comparing prasugrel/ticagrelor and clopidogrel in Hong Kong post‐acute coronary syndrome patients–A 10‐year cohort study
Authors: Lam Amy S. M. , Yan Bryan P. Y. , Lee Vivian W. Y. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundClinical evidence of prasugrel/ticagrelor in dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in Asian acute coronary syndrome (ACS) population remains inconclusive. We aimed to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of prasugrel/ticagrelor compared to clopidogrel as part of DAPT in Hong Kong ACS population for 10 years.HypothesisPrasugrel/ticagrelor, compared to clopidogrel, reduces risk of major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) in Hong Kong ACS population.MethodsThe retrospective observational cohort study included patients admitted to seven institutions under Hospital Authority Hong Kong with diagnosis of ACS during 2008–2017. Risk of MACE, defined as composite of cardiovascular (CV) death, non‐fatal myocardial infarction (MI) and non‐fatal stroke, and risk of any bleeding leading to hospitalization were examined. Baseline characteristics difference was adjusted by propensity score (PS) matching. Adjusted Cox regression model was used to estimate hazard ratio of interested outcome.ResultsIn PS matched cohort including 944 patients in each group, MACE risk reduction of 40% from 1 year to 5 years after index ACS event was observed in prasugrel/ticagrelor group (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.39–0.91, p = .015). The risk reduction was highly driven by MI reduction (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.33–0.91, p = .019). Lower bleeding risk was observed in prasugrel/ticagrelor group compared to clopidogrel from 1 year to 5 years (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.21–1.00, p = .051).ConclusionsPrasugrel/ticagrelor showed MACE risk reduction over clopidogrel as part of DAPT up to 5 years after index event, while prasugrel/ticagrelor was not associated with increased bleeding risk.