bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Duration of lead time in screening for gastric cancer
Authors: Benbassat Jochanan 
Published: October 2021

Objective: Estimates of lead time (LT), i.e., from detection of cancer in asymptomatic persons to manifestations of the disease, can be obtained by follow-up of populations at risk, reviews of the past histories of patients with cancer, estimates of tumor doubling time, and from the ratio between the prevalence of cancer at the first round of screening and its annual incidence on subsequent screening rounds. Aim of this study is to derive the LT of gastric cancer (GC) from published studies.
Material and Methods: An overview of longitudinal studies and screening trials of GC; search of the reference sections of the retrieved papers for additional relevant studies; and calculation of the LT derived from these studies.
Results: LT was 2.8 – 7.3 years if derived from prospective follow-up studies; 1.0 - 4.0 years if derived from retrospective reviews of the patients' histories before the clinical diagnosis of GC; 5.9 - 8.6 years if derived from tumor doubling time; and 1.8 - 4.3 years if derived from prevalence / /incidence ratios.
Conclusions: There is wide variability in estimates of the LT of GC. Since an LT exceeding 6 six years may explain the improved survival of patients with screen-detected GS, the present survey does not obviate the need for randomized clinical trials of the effect of screening on gastric cancer mortality.
Chest CT imaging features of Covid-19 patients: Single center observational study
Authors: Karluka İsmail , Güngördü Fahrettin , Aslan Ahmet , Avcı Ali , Öztürk Orhun 
Published: October 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the chest Computer Tomography (CT) features of COVID-19 patients and compare the diagnostic performance of chest CT with that of RT-PCR at our center.
Material and Methods: The study was conducted by retrospectively scanning the files of patients admitted to the Emergency Department of Karaman State Hospital under suspicion of COVID-19 between March 15 and May 18, 2020. The study included 218 patients (124 males, 94 females, 1-90 years of age, median 48.5) who met the inclusion criteria. Chest CT scan findings were recorded in detail by two radiologists with experience in chest radiology. Furthermore, the CT findings were categorized into four groups in the form of typical, indeterminate, atypical, and negative CT according to the structured reporting system.
Results: The RT-PCR results were positive in 41% of 139 cases with positive CT results, while the RT-PCR results were positive in 15.2% of the cases with negative CT results. Regarding the analysis between CT and RT-PCR, the sensitivity was 82.61%, the specificity was 44.97%, the PPV was 41.01%, the NPV was 84.81%. The positivity rate was 82.9% in those with typical imaging findings, 51.5% in those assessed as indeterminate. Those with a typical appearance had a higher rate of positivity than others.
Conclusion: The chest CT scan was found to have a high correlation with the RT-PCR in the patients with typical imaging findings in CT. The specificity was found to be low in the CT scan findings without subgroup analysis.
Value in oncology from multi-criteria decision analysis: A systematic review
Authors: Guevara-Cuellar César Augusto , Rengifo-Mosquera Maria Paula , Mejía Gina Isabel Sevilla , Sánchez Natalia Pinzón , Parody-Rúa Elizabeth 
Published: October 2021

Objective: This study aims for three purposes: a) review the published MCDAs in oncology to identify the criteria considered valuable by the stakeholders, b) evaluate the adherence to best practice recommendations, and c) Propose a value tree, based on the findings of the systematic review, reflecting the most important criteria for the different stakeholders.
Material and Methods: This systematic review consisted of the following phases: identification, screening, eligibility assessment, assessment of adherence to best practices, and extraction of the information. The identification was conducted in PUBMED, EMBASE, EBSCO, SCIENCE DIRECT, SCOPUS, LILACS, and Web of Science including records from January 1st, 1990, to February 28th, 2021. The adherence to best practices in MCDA were evaluated. A new value tree was made.
Results: Thirteen articles were included. Colon, breast, and hematological cancer were the most frequently evaluated (n=10, 69,2%). Physicians and patients were the most representative participants. The value measurement approach was the most used (n=11, 84,6%). The overall adherence rate to the recommendations was 77,3%. One hundred ninety-five criteria were identified. The relevant criteria for all stakeholders were “Improvement clinical efficacy" (24,5%), "Severity of disease" (13,5%), and "Improvement of safety & tolerability." (10,3%). The physicians valued "Improvement clinical efficacy" (28,4%), "Severity of disease" (10,5%), and "Improvement of safety & tolerability." (8,4%) The most relevant criterion for the patients was "Severity of disease" (34,4%), "Improvement of clinical efficacy." (24,1%), and "Improvement of perceived health status" (13,8%). The significant criteria for administrative and academics were "Innovativeness of intervention" (37%) and "Improvement clinical efficacy" (14,8%).
Conclusion: The number of MCDAs in oncology is scarce and with moderate adherence to best practice recommendations. A value tree based on relevant criteria was proposed.
The roles of CHA2DS2-VASc score and blood inflammatory parameters in predicting the patency of saphenous vein grafts in patients with coronary artery bypass graft surgery
Authors: Aydın Cihan , Abanoz Mustafa 
Published: October 2021

Objective: Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is a common treatment method in which saphenous vein grafts (SVG) and arterial grafts are used together in severe coronary artery disease. The CHA2DS2-VASc score is used to predict thromboembolic events in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation as well as to predict prognosis in cardiovascular events. In this study, we planned to research the relation between CHA2DS2-VASc score and postoperative SVG patency rates in patients undergoing CABG.
Materials and Methods: One hundred seventeen patients with angina after CABG surgery who underwent coronary angiography were analyzed retrospectively. Stenosis of 50% or more in at least one saphenous vein graft was accepted as saphenous vein graft disease (SVGD). We compared these patients in two groups concerning the presence of 50% or more stenosis in the SVG. These two groups were; Group 1 (n = 66); with saphenous vein graft disease, Group 2 (n = 51) without saphenous vein graft disease, respectively.
Results: A total of 117 patients participating in the study. Sixty-six patients in group 1 had SVGD (Mean age: 68,13±8,22, 60,6% male). Fifty-one patients in group 2 did not have SVGD (Mean age: 66,92±9,44, 72,5% male ). The mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was significantly higher in group 1 compared to group 2. [5 (2-7) vs. 2 (1-7), respectively, P<0,001]. As a result of multivariate analysis, CHA2DS2-VASc score (OR: 5,263, CI 95%: 2,176- 12,728, P<0.001) and SII (OR: 1,236, CI 95%: 1,120-2,955, P=0.007) were determined as independent predictors for predicting SVGD
Conclusion: In the light of the results we have found, the CHA2DS2-VASc score and SII, which are easy to calculate in daily practice, can help us in predicting SVGD.
Productivity and quality of watermelon fruits as a function of doses potassium in the Western Amazon
Authors: Menezes Francisco de Assis , Andrade Reginaldo Almeida , Bergamin Anderson Cristian , Moreira Andressa Gregolin , Souza Fabio Régis de 
Published: October 2021

Potassium is the nutrient most demanded by watermelon, performing various physiological and biochemical functions, and its availability in the soil influences the production and quality of fruits. However, there is no recommendation for specific fertilization for the state of Rondônia, which has limited the production and quality of the harvested fruits. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of potassium doses on the productivity and quality of watermelon fruits, cultivar Crimson Sweet, in southern Western Amazonia. The experiment was carried out at the Federal University of Rondônia, in the municipality of Rolim de Moura, in an experimental design in randomized blocks, with five treatments and four replications. The treatments were doses 0 (control), 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1 of K2O. The variables analyzed were fruit mass, longitudinal and transverse diameter of fruits, number of fruits per plant, soluble solids content, exocarp thickness and productivity. Potassium doses did not influence the mean mass and longitudinal and transverse diameter of the fruits. The number of fruits per plant increased linearly as a function of the potassium doses applied, and with 157 kg ha‑1 of K2O the highest values of °Brix were obtained. The dose of 147.2 kg ha-1 of K2O promotes yields 61.6% above the national average and 82% above the state average.
Mathematical models for metric features extraction from RGB-D sensor
Authors: Dos Santos Elton Fernandes , Vendrusculo Laurimar Gonçalves , Lopes Luciano Bastos , Kamchen Scheila Geiele , Condotta Isabella C. F. S. 
Published: October 2021

The use of the RGB-D camera has been applied in several fields of science. That popularization is due to the emergence of technologies such as the Intel® RealSense™ D400 series. However, despite the actual demand from some potential users, few studies concern the characterization of these sensors for object measurements. Our study sought to estimate models dealing with calculating the area and length between targets or points within RGB and depth images. An experiment was set up with white cardboard fixed on a flat surface with colored pins. We measured the distance between the camera and cardboard by calculating the average distance from the pixels belonging to the target area. The Information Criterion AIC and BIC associated with R2 were performed to select the best models. Polynomial and power regression models reached the highest coefficient of determination and smallest values of AIC and BIC.
Status of water security in inland South African cities
Authors: Simelane Thokozani , Chikozho Claudious , Mutanga Shingirirai Sevious , Managa Lavhelesani Rodney , Tshililo Fhulufelo , Dabata Thandeka 
Published: October 2021

Most cities in South Africa are in dire need of water security. Intervention measures to reduce the risk of water shortages now and the near future are urgently needed. This can possibly be attained through the diversification of water sources and the application of smart or digital technologies to reduce water wastage. Meaning that, cities which are at risk of water scarcity may consider a variety of alternative means, which includes smart technologies and efficient use of recycled water to meet the ever-increasing demand. In this study the status of water security and sanitation in two inland cities (i.e. Mbombela (Nelspruit) and Polokwane (Pietersburg)) was investigated. A gap between supply and demand for water to households was found to be large. The primary demand for water derives from households that are connected to the municipal reticulation system and used for drinking and sanitation. Water security concerns were found to be from households in need of water supply and unmeasured demands from informal settlements that are illegally connected to the system. The uncertain nature of water availability due to climate change meant that the risk of water insecurity in studied cities was high. To ameliorate this, municipalities need to adopt new ways of managing water. This may include the use of digital technologies and the promotion of harvesting rainwater as an alternative source. Maintenance of existing infrastructure is highly recommended to improve efficiencies in water usage. Overall, results reflect the high risk of water security in Mbombela and Polokwane. Of great concern is the need to manage water to improve the efficiency of its use to meet the ever-increasing demand.
Академічний дім – освітньо-просвітницький осередок наукового товариства імені Шевченка у Львові (1905–1939 роки)
Authors: Ковалишин Оксана 
Published: October 2021

У статті проаналізована діяльність Академічного дому, створеного при Науковому товаристві імені Шевченка у Львові (1905–1939 роки), як освітньо-просвітницького осередку. Схарактеризована роль Наукового товариства у національному становленні українців Галичини, відродженні наукового, культурного, освітнього руху та розвитку української молодіжно-студентської ініціативи. Проаналізовано передумови організації та аспекти функціонування Академічного дому на різних етапах його розвитку. Визначено, що Наукове товариство імені Шевченка, незважаючи на значну матеріальну скруту, нерентабельність Академічного дому, осуд тодішньої влади, опікувалося та підтримувало освітньо-просвітницький осередок майбутнього покоління українців. Закцентовано увагу на взаємодії Академічного дому з іншими освітніми, культурними та науковими організаціями Галичини у першій третині ХХ століття, зокрема з «Академічною поміччю», Жіночою гімназією сестер Василіянок, товариством «Профорус», «Студентською самопоміччю», Духовною семінарією, Трирічною коедукаційною торговельною школою та ін. ініціативами. З’ясовано, що окрім задоволення нагальних потреб оселя відігравала важливу роль у розвитку національного духу, формуванні свідомості студентської молоді. Констатовано, що початок ХХ століття у Західній Україні характеризується розвитком українських громадських організацій, які стали центрами освітньо-просвітницького, наукового-культурного життя українців. Визначено роль та місце Академічного дому при Науковому товаристві імені Шевченка як головного молодіжно-студентського національно-культурного осередку українців Галичини.
Mckittrick-wheelock syndrome: a rare cause of serious secretory diarrhoea.
Authors: Merino Gallego E , Martínez Amate E 
Published: October 2021

Resumen

El síndrome de McKittrick-Wheelock (SMW) es una entidad rara caracterizada por un cuadro de diarrea secretora que puede llegar a ser grave y conducir a trastornos hidroelectrolíticos y disfunción renal, secundario a la presencia de un adenoma velloso colorrectal hipersecretor. El tratamiento definitivo es la resección quirúrgica del adenoma responsable, pudiendo administrarse inhibidores de la prostaglandina E2 como terapia puente.
Gastric lymphoma with perforation contained by an abscess and endothoracic extension
Authors: Díaz Alcázar MM , Martín-Lagos Maldonado A , García Robles A 
Published: October 2021

Resumen

Mujer de 46 años que consulta por epigastralgia, hematemesis y melenas. Antecedente reciente de consumo de AINES (aintiiflamatorios no esteroideos). Se realiza endoscopia alta objetivando úlcera de aspecto excavado rodeada por pliegues engrosados que parece continuar con una cavidad e impresiona de perforación. Se solicita tomografía computarizada toracoabdominal confirmando la perforación, que está contenida por absceso infradiafragmático con signos de extensión endotorácica. El estudio histológico de las biopsias gástricas concluye linfoma B difuso de células grandes fenotipo no centrogerminal y subtipo inmunoblástico.

Los linfomas representan menos del 5% de los tumores del tracto gastrointestinal, afectando fundamentalmente al estómago. La perforación gástrica ocurre ocasionalmente en pacientes en tratamiento con quimioterapia. Sin embargo, la perforación espontánea es rara, y supone un factor de mal pronóstico además de tener elevada mortalidad.
COPPER HEXACYANOFERRATE (II): SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND CESIUM, STRONTIUM ADSORBENT APPLICATION
Authors: Nguyen Dinh Trung , Le Vu Tram Anh , Truong Dong Phuong , Kieu Thi Dan Thy , Nguyen Tran Thuy Hong , Ning Ping , Duong Thi Huong Giang , Ho Kim Dan 
Published: October 2021

Low-cost nanoscale copper hexacyanoferrate (CuHF), a good selective adsorbent for cesium (Cs+) removal, was prepared using the chemical co-precipitation method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) were conducted to determine the CuHF morphology. Copper hexacyanoferrate, Cu13[Fe(CN)6]14.(2K).10H2O, has a cubic structure (space group F-43m) in the range of 10-30 nm and a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 462.42 m2/g. The removal of Cs+ and Sr2+ is dependent on pH; the maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of CuHF is achieved at a pH = 6. From the Langmuir model, qmax = 143.95 mg/g for Cs+ and 79.26 mg/g for Sr2+, respectively. At high concentrations, Na+, Ca2+, and K+ ions have very little effect on Cs+ removal, and Na+ and K+ ions have a higher affinity for removing Sr2+ than Ca2+ at all concentrations. CuHF has a high affinity for alkaline cations in the order: Cs+ > K+ > Na+ > Ca2+ > Sr2+, as proposed and discussed.
ESCLEROSE MÚLTIPLA E TRATAMENTOS. MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND TREATMENTS
Authors: De Abreu Rodrigues Fabiano , Oh Henry 
Published: October 2021

A esclerose múltipla é uma patologia autoimune que atinge o cérebro, bem como seus nervos ópticos e a medula espinhal. Quando a bainha de mielina está em seu estado normal e saudável, os sinais nervosos são enviados e recebidos rapidamente. Porem quando o indivíduo possuí a Esclerose Múltipla, o sistema imunológico do seu corpo trata a mielina como uma ameaça, atrapalhando o envio dos comandos do cérebro até o restante do corpo, denominado como desmielinização. O objetivo do presente estudo foi compreender a formação da esclerose múltipla, seus danos a bainha de mielina e os possíveis tratamentos da doença.O presente estudo é uma revisão de literatura, realizada por meio das bases de dados: SciELO, PubMed e Science Direct. Os tratamentos para a esclerose múltipla são a base de corticoides, atividade física, alimentos anti-inflamatórios e ricos em gorduras insaturadas. O elemento lítio vem sendo estudado e demonstrando efeitos benéficos, sendo um tratamento eficaz para esta patologia.
Probiotic candidates among dairy Lactobacilli and Streptococcus thermophiles strains for control of the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Michaylova Michaela , Yungareva Tsvetelina , Urshev Zoltan , Dermendzieva Yana , Yaneva Blagovesta , Dobrev Iliyan 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: The gram-negative bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major causative agent of periodontitis in adults. It is also associated with disorders of the cardiovascular and endocrine systems, rheumatoid arthritis, pancreatic cancer, and Alzheimer&rsquo;s disease. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) present in the oral cavity or introduced as probiotic preparations can support successful treatment of periodontitis due to their antagonism with the pathogen.
Aim: The aim of this study was in vitro assessment of the antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus spp. and Streptococcus thermophilus against P. gingivalis.
Materials and methods: The antimicrobial effect of lactobacilli or S. thermophilus from the LBB Culture collection against P. gingivalis DSM 20709 was evaluated with the well diffusion assay on Wilkins Chalgren blood agar. Inhibition of the pathogen was evaluated by measuring the diameter of clear zones around the wells.
Results: Application of milk fermented with selected LAB resulted in &#1072; bacteriostatic effect. The most active culture was S. thermophilus 187/4, followed by L. delbr. ssp. bulgaricus (LBB.B1054, C3/2 and LBB.B120), L. helveticus LBB.H48/1 and L. rhamnosus I-1/13. The respective reconstituted freeze-dried preparations had a stronger inhibitory effect on the pathogen with the formation of clear bactericidal zones. The effect of milk acidified with lactic acid was apparent with minimal bactericidal zone observed at concentration of 0.1%. The effectiveness of the assay was confirmed with Elgydium and Eludril.
Conclusions:P. gingivalis DSM 20709 was sensitive to the metabolites produced in fermented milk by selected strains of L. delbr. ssp. bulgaricus, L. helveticus, L. rhamnosus, and S. thermophilus. Reconstituted freeze dried fermented milk had &#1072; stronger inhibitory effect compared to fresh samples. Lactic acid produced by lactic acid bacteria was the key component for inhibition of the pathogen.
Effect of video games playing on surgical simulation training: a systematic review.
Authors: Dimov Petar , Hurtig Jennie , Georgiou Konstantinos , Theodorou Dimitrios , Marinov Blagoi , Enochsson Lars 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Video games have a positive impact on the skills required for laparoscopic surgery. Several studies have assessed the impact of video games on laparoscopic skills.
Aim: This study aims to systematically review the existing evidence.
Materials and methods: A search strategy was implemented to retrieve relevant articles from MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases. The retrieved articles were reviewed for further evaluation according to the predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria.
Results: Twenty-six studies were included in this systematic review. These included prospective (n=9), retrospective (n=5) and interventional (n=12). Other review papers were cited in the discussion section. Studies with positive outcomes significantly outweighed the negative ones (21 vs. 5, respectively).
Conclusions: Although there is some evidence that video game experience could give some advantage in laparoscopy no firm conclusions could be drawn yet. The reasons for that lay in the various aims, approaches and results of different study reports. Gaming could be used as a daily warm-up or as a tool to speed-up mastering new skills. A standardized protocol is needed for answering the different questions regarding the impact of video game exposure to laparoscopic skills development and progression.
Antibiotic Overuse for COVID-19: Are We Adding Insult to Injury?
Authors: Abdela Seid Getahun , Liesenborghs Laurens , Tadese Fentaw , Abegaz Seid Hassen , Bayuh Fentaw Bialfew , Asmamaw Etsegent Arega , Mebrate Tamiru Assefa , Mamo Abreham Eshetu , Embiale Wendemaegn , Hunegnaw Samuel , Hundie Dereje Bedanie , Hurissa Zewdu , Agero Gebi , Kaso Abdene Weya , Mebrate Maraki Assefa , van Henten Saskia , van Griensven Johan 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT.
In this study, we described the proportion of COVID-19 patients started on antibiotics empirically and the work-ups performed to diagnose bacterial superinfection. We used a retrospective cohort study design involving medical records of symptomatic, hospitalized COVID-19 patients who were admitted to these centers. A total of 481 patients were included, with a median age of 41.0 years (interquartile range, 28-58.5 years). A total of 72.1% (N = 347) of COVID-19 patients received antibiotics, either before or during admission. This is troublesome because none of the patients’ bacterial culture or inflammatory markers, such as the erythrocyte sedimentation rate or C-reactive protein, were evaluated, and only 73 (15.2%) underwent radiological investigations. Therefore, national COVID-19 guidelines should emphasize the rational use of antibiotics for the treatment of COVID-19, a primarily viral disease. Integrating antimicrobial stewardship into the COVID-19 response and expanding microbiological capacities in low-income countries are indispensable. Otherwise, we risk one pandemic aggravating another.