bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein Adsorbate Biohybrids and Sequential Hystallosteric Protein Adsorption
Authors: Jennissen Herbert P. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Protein adsorption on solid surfaces is characterized by multivalence, binding-unit overlap, sequential adsorption, surface allosterics, lateral interactions and pronounced adsorption-desorption hysteresis, giving rise to the sequential, hystallosteric, adsorption model ("SHA model"). Adsorption isotherms of fibrinogen on a titanium miniplates and of the growth factors rhBMP-2 and rhVEGF165 on PDLLA nanofiber fleeces are presented. Controversial Langmuir type isotherms of fibrinogen and rhVEGF165 can be understood on the basis of singular long-lived metastable states central to the SHA-model.
Numerical design studies of meander structures for self-expanding absorbable stents
Authors: Frank Hagen , Dierke Ariane , Brandt-Wunderlich Christoph , Bohne Eric , Kuske Thomas , Stiehm Michael , Schmitz Klaus-Peter , Siewert Stefan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Absorbable stents made of poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) exhibit inferior mechanical properties compared with metal based devices. Therefore, design optimization by means of finite element analysis (FEA) plays an important role in development of high performance absorbable stents. In the present study, three different meander structures made of PLLA material were compared in terms of their radial resistive force (RRF) using FEA. Material tests were performed to obtain input parameters of PLLA for the simulation. FEA was carried out to simulate the RRF and the length change of the meander structures as a function of the diameter. In addition, the numerical results were compared to the experimental outcome using corresponding meander based stents performing radial testing with a segmented head mechanism. Comparable high stresses occurred in the Ubends of the examined stent designs. In designs with a large radius of curvature less stress was observed while crimping. One meander structure developed comparatively higher structural resistance against radially acting forces, due to its curved strut design. In general, FEA revealed consistent results compared to the experimental investigations.
Selective electrical stimulation with current-field modulation
Authors: Kárason Halldór , Pilkington Óskar , Helgason Thordur 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Selective electrical stimulation using a multielectrode array is a promising technique that can potentially bring electrical stimulation treatment modalities a step forward. A microcontroller-controlled electrical stimulator system delivering a single pulse was designed, suitable for current-field modulation. The goal is to make electrical stimulation with surface electrodes more specific. A graphical user interface (GUI) was developed to control stimulation parameters and current-field within a multi-electrode array wirelessly. The stimulator generates arbitrary biphasic waveforms with a 5-bit resolution and high temporal precision (<10 μs) and was demonstrated to stimulate posterior lumbar root fibers in transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) treatment selectively. Current-field modulation throughout a sixteen-electrode array was achieved. The system has the goal to improve control of stimulation conditions in electrophysiological studies and time-dependent and site-specific stimulation patterns for neuromodulation applications. A novel feature is the current-field modulation ability of the stimulator for surface electrode arrays.
Image-based Blood Flow Analysis of Popliteal Artery Aneurysms – an Interdisciplinary Pilot Study
Authors: Saalfeld Sylvia , Mirzaie Masoud , Fatehpur Sheila , Korte Jana , Berg Philipp 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Although popliteal artery aneurysms (PAAs) are the most frequent aneurysms in the lower peripheral arteries, research has not covered the potential of blood flow analysis of these pathologies yet. We therefore present a pilot study for the image-based hemodynamic evaluation of patient-specific PAAs. To ensure a large vascular domain with similar boundary conditions, we combine a vascular tree from a healthy proband with six patient-specific vessel models and corresponding segmentations of thrombi. The patients exhibit different severities of the disease ranging from partly blocked to totally blocked lower arteries. Our pilot study demonstrates that the precise assessment of individual thrombus formation and associated local hemodynamics is feasible. In consequence, image-based blood flow analysis might reveal important insight in PAA interaction with thrombus growth and remaining blood supply of the lower limbs
Protesters at the news gates: An experimental study of journalists’ news judgment of protest events
Authors: Cristancho Camilo , Wouters Ruud 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Media attention is a key political resource for protesters. This implies that journalists are a crucial audience to which protesters seek to appeal. We study to what extent features of protest, of journalists, and of news organizations affect journalists’ news judgment. We exposed 78 Spanish journalists to vignettes of asylum seeker protests. Four features were systematically manipulated: protesters’ worthiness, unity, numbers, and commitment (WUNC). The experiments scrutinize the extent to which journalists consider a protest newsworthy (presence) and the likelihood that a protest is featured on a newspaper’s front page (prominence). Our results show that in terms of media presence, high turnout is key. Highly unified protesters, in contrast, are considered less newsworthy. Regarding prominence, strongly committed demonstrators more easily make it to the frontpage. Individual characteristics of journalists have no direct effect on news judgment. Journalists’ editorial status and ideological (outlet) placement only moderate the effect of some of the protest features, although in terms of front-page placement a more potent adversary versus ally effect is distinguished.
On partial isometries with circular numerical range
Authors: Wegert Elias , Spitkovsky Ilya 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In their LAMA 2016 paper Gau, Wang and Wu conjectured that a partial isometry A acting on ℂ
n
cannot have a circular numerical range with a non-zero center, and proved this conjecture for n ≤ 4. We prove it for operators with rank A = n − 1 and any n.
The proof is based on the unitary similarity of A to a compressed shift operator SB
generated by a finite Blaschke product B. We then use the description of the numerical range of SB
as intersection of Poncelet polygons, a special representation of Blaschke products related to boundary interpolation, and an explicit formula for the barycenter of the vertices of Poncelet polygons involving elliptic functions.
Learning to diagnose X-rays: a neuroscientific study of practice-related activation changes in the prefrontal cortex
Authors: Rotgans Jerome I. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Medical expertise manifests itself by the ability of a physician to rapidly diagnose patients. How this expertise develops from a neural-activation perspective is not well understood. The objective of the present study was to investigate practice-related activation changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) as medical students learn to diagnose chest X-rays.

Methods
The experimental paradigm consisted of a learning and a test phase. During the learning phase, 26 medical students were trained to diagnose four out of eight chest X-rays. These four cases were presented repeatedly and corrective feedback was provided. During the test phase, all eight cases were presented together with near- and far-transfer cases to examine whether participants’ diagnostic learning went beyond simple rote recognition of the trained X-rays. During both phases, participants’ PFC was scanned using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Response time and diagnostic accuracy were recorded as behavioural indicators. One-way repeated measures ANOVA were conducted to analyse the data.

Results
Results revealed that participants’ diagnostic accuracy significantly increased during the learning phase (F=6.72, p<0.01), whereas their response time significantly decreased (F=16.69, p<0.001). Learning to diagnose chest X-rays was associated with a significant decrease in PFC activity (F=33.21, p<0.001) in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the orbitofrontal area, the frontopolar area and the frontal eye field. Further, the results of the test phase indicated that participants’ diagnostic accuracy was significantly higher for the four trained cases, second highest for the near-transfer, third highest for the far-transfer cases and lowest for the untrained cases (F=167.20, p<0.001) and response time was lowest for the trained cases, second lowest for the near-transfer, third lowest for the far-transfer cases and highest for the untrained cases (F=9.72, p<0.001). In addition, PFC activity was lowest for the trained and near-transfer cases, followed by the far-transfer cases and highest for the untrained cases (F=282.38, p<0.001).

Conclusions
The results suggest that learning to diagnose X-rays is associated with a significant decrease in PFC activity. In terms of dual-process theory, these findings support the notion that students initially rely more on slow analytical system-2 reasoning. As expertise develops, system-2 reasoning transitions into faster and automatic system-1 reasoning.
Immigration and anti-immigrant voting in the 2017 German parliamentary election
Authors: Kellermann Kim Leonie , Winter Simon 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We empirically examine the relationship between immigration and votes for the Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) in the 2017 German parliamentary election. We conduct a cross-sectional analysis, exploiting election results and socio-demographic as well as geographic features of the 401 German administrative districts. We find that immigration has a negative effect on AfD voting. A 1 percentage point increase in the share of foreigners is associated with a decrease in the AfD vote share of up to 0.37 percentage points. The result is robust to several estimation variations, such as addressing the potentially endogenous distribution of foreigners with an instrumental variable analysis.
Cryo secondary ion mass spectrometry for wood component visualization: a mini review
Authors: Aoki Dan , Matsushita Yasuyuki , Fukushima Kazuhiko 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Various phenomena in living physiological systems are conducted on the hydrated conditions, and in many cases, they do not work in a dry state. Imaging mass spectrometry is one of the direct detection methods scanning the sample surface with some focused and pulsed energy and analysing the sputtered components. However, under the high vacuum conditions required for usual imaging mass spectrometry, the sample surface is rapidly dried. It is difficult for the target cell to survive, and the original situation are lost soon. Here, the combination of a freeze-fixation and a cryo sample stage is a promising method to do mass spectrometry while maintaining the original situation. By rapidly freezing the cells, the momentary situation as a living cell is fixed. The situation in a living cell can be captured as still images by cryo imaging mass spectrometry. This mini-review introduces the outline of imaging mass spectrometry especially for low molecular weight components and recent results for frozen-hydrated samples by cryo secondary ion mass spectrometry.
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, a glimpse – impacts in molecular biology, trends and highlights
Authors: Selvaraj Dhivya , Dawar Rajni , Sivakumar Pradeep Kumar , Devi Anita 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) is a novel molecular tool. In recent days, it has been highlighted a lot, as the Nobel prize was awarded for this sector in 2020, and also for its recent use in Covid-19 related diagnostics. Otherwise, it is an eminent gene-editing technique applied in diverse medical zones of therapeutics in genetic diseases, hematological diseases, infectious diseases, etc., research related to molecular biology, cancer, hereditary diseases, immune and inflammatory diseases, etc., diagnostics related to infectious diseases like viral hemorrhagic fevers, Covid-19, etc. In this review, its discovery, working mechanisms, challenges while handling the technique, recent advancements, applications, alternatives have been discussed. It is a cheaper, faster technique revolutionizing the medicinal field right now. However, their off-target effects and difficulties in delivery into the desired cells make CRISPR, not easily utilizable. We conclude that further robust research in this field may promise many interesting, useful results.
Characterization of a fluorescent 1,8-naphthalimide-functionalized PAMAM dendrimer and its Cu(ii) complexes as cytotoxic drugs: EPR and biological studies in myeloid tumor cells
Authors: Canonico Barbara , Cangiotti Michela , Montanari Mariele , Papa Stefano , Fusi Vieri , Giorgi Luca , Ciacci Caterina , Ottaviani Maria Francesca , Staneva Desislava , Grabchev Ivo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The activity and interacting ability of a polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer modified with 4-N-methylpiperazine-1,8-naphthalimide units (termed D) and complexed by Cu(ii) ions, towards healthy and cancer cells were studied. Comparative electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies of the Cu(ii)-D complex are presented: coordination mode, chemical structure, flexibility and stability of these complexes, in the absence and presence of myeloid cancer cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The interactions of Cu(ii) ions in the biological media at different equilibrium times were studied, highlighting different stability and interacting conditions with the cells. Furthermore, flow cytometry and confocal analysis, trace the peculiar properties of the dendrimers in PBMC and U937 cells. Indeed, a new probe (Fly) was used as a potential fluorescent tool for biological imaging of Cu(ii). The study highlights that dendrimer and, mainly, the Cu(ii) metallodendrimer are cytotoxic agents for the cells, specifically for U937 tumor cells, inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS increase and lysosome involvement. The metallodendrimer shows antitumor selectivity, fewer affecting healthy PBMC, inducing a massive apoptotic cell death on U937 cells, in line with the high stability of this complex, as verified by EPR studies. The results underline the potentiality of this metallodendrimer to be used as anticancer drug.
The Baltic *-ā́-illative
Authors: Ostrowski Norbert 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Lithuanian-Latvian illative was formed from the IE accusativus directivus and the local postposition *-ā́. Traces of the postponed *-ā́ have been preserved in yrà ‘is, are; OLith. there is, there are’ < *ī-r-ā́, and Lith. čià ‘here’ < *tj-ā́. Typologically, the Baltic illative can be compared to Greek derivatives with -δε, e.g. οἴκα-δε ‘homewards; at home’. As for the origin of the postponed *-ā́, two hypotheses can be formulated: 1. *-ā́ comes from the IE allative postposition *-eh₂ (see Hajnal 1992); 2. *-ā́ boils down to the instr. sg. of the anaphoric pronoun *h₁o-h₁. The primary illative plural ended in -s-ā́, e.g. OLith. (debesisa) ‘into heaven’. The postposition -na, which can be found e.g. in the ill. pl. miškúosna ‘into forests’, is an innovation resulting from reanalysis of the acc. sg. *-n + *-ā́ → *-nā́. The neutralisation of the privative opposition inessive : illative originally comprised an area much larger than today’s and included the West Aukštaitian dialect. The starting point of this neutralisation was plural forms. This primary state of affairs has remained until the present day in East Aukštaitian in the north from the line Raguva-Ukmergė-Molėtai-Salakas, where inessive sg. and illative sg. are distinguished, but inessive pl. and illative pl. are not, due to apocope of the final vowel, i.e. píevos ‘on meadows’ (= iness. pl. píevose) alongside píevos ‘onto meadows’ (= ill. pl. píevosna) (Zinkevičius 1966: 201). In the privative opposition inessive : illative, the illative form derived from the IE accusative of direction is the marked member of the opposition.
Murmur, heat and bonds – on some words of magic and healing
Authors: Kölligan Daniel 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper argues that a) Germanic *tauf/ƀra- (Germ. Zauber, etc.) is related to a root PIE *deu̯p- ‘beat; make a hollow sound, resound’ found in Greek δοῦπος ‘thud’, etc., b) Greek φάρμακον goes back to the root PIE *gʷʰer- ‘heat’ (Gk. θερμός, etc.) implying healing by fomentation, and c) Armenian hiwand ‘sick’, borrowed from Iranian, to PIE *sh₂ei̯- ‘bind’ relying on the notion of disease as a supernatural bond.
Future conditionals in Lycian
Authors: Marcos Macedo José 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Lycian funerary inscriptions, being overall legal statements regarding the correct management of the tomb after the death of its owner, comprise many future conditional clauses consisting of two types, paratactic and hypotactic. In the latter a preposed relative clause precedes a resumptive main clause, while in the former two adjoining main clauses are interpreted as protasis and apodosis without any obligatory subordinator. In the last case, the general rule is that some constituent pertaining to the preceding prohibition clause against unauthorized burial undergoes left dislocation, the contrastive topic pointing to the conditional character of the sentence. The lack of an overt subordinator in the paratactic type - the odd modal particle e͂‘if’ is at best optional - points to an archaism in Lycian, as opposed to Hittite and Luwian. This paper aims at providing a critical description of the future conditionals in the corpus, accounting for how they are formed and used.
Causal versions of maximum entropy and principle of insufficient reason
Authors: Janzing Dominik 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe principle of insufficient reason (PIR) assigns equal probabilities to each alternative of a random experiment whenever there is no reason to prefer one over the other. The maximum entropy principle (MaxEnt) generalizes PIR to the case where statistical information like expectations are given. It is known that both principles result in paradoxical probability updates for joint distributions of cause and effect. This is because constraints on the conditionalP(effect∣cause)P\left({\rm{effect}}| {\rm{cause}})result in changes ofP(cause)P\left({\rm{cause}})that assign higher probability to those values of the cause that offer more options for the effect, suggesting “intentional behavior.” Earlier work therefore suggested sequentially maximizing (conditional) entropy according to the causal order, but without further justification apart from plausibility on toy examples. We justify causal modifications of PIR and MaxEnt by separating constraints into restrictions for the cause and restrictions for the mechanism that generates the effect from the cause. We further sketch why causal PIR also entails “Information Geometric Causal Inference.” We briefly discuss problems of generalizing the causal version of MaxEnt to arbitrary causal DAGs.
IoT network security using autoencoder deep neural network and channel access algorithm
Authors: Ali Saif Mohammed , Elameer Amer S. , Jaber Mustafa Musa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Internet-of-Things (IoT) creates a significant impact in spectrum sensing, information retrieval, medical analysis, traffic management, etc. These applications require continuous information to perform a specific task. At the time, various intermediate attacks such as jamming, priority violation attacks, and spectrum poisoning attacks affect communication because of the open nature of wireless communication. These attacks create security and privacy issues while making data communication. Therefore, a new method autoencoder deep neural network (AENN) is developed by considering exploratory, evasion, causative, and priority violation attack. The created method classifies the transmission outcomes used to predict the transmission state, whether it is jam data transmission or sensing data. After that, the sensing data is applied for network training that predicts the intermediate attacks. In addition to this, the channel access algorithm is used to validate the channel for every access that minimizes unauthorized access. After validating the channel according to the neural network, data have been transmitted over the network. The defined process is implemented, and the system minimizes different attacks on various levels of energy consumption. The effectiveness of the system is implemented using TensorFlow, and the system ensures the 99.02% of detection rate when compared with other techniques.
How COVID-19 pandemic is changing the practice of prenatal screening and diagnosis?
Authors: Golbasi Hakan , Omeroglu Ibrahim , Bayraktar Burak , Golbasi Ceren , Adıyaman Duygu , Ekin Atalay 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prenatal screening and diagnostic tests.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study with pregnant women attending to the perinatology department of a tertiary referral center. The pre-COVID-19 period between 11 March 2019 and 10 March 2020 and COVID-19 period between 11 March 2020 and 10 March 2021 were evaluated. Both periods were compared in terms of outpatient visits, ultrasound examinations, prenatal screening and diagnostic tests. The correlation of deaths related to COVID-19 pandemic on these parameters was also assessed.

Results
A total of 38,918 patients were examined and 28,452 ultrasound examinations, 26,672 prenatal screening tests and 1,471 prenatal diagnostic tests were performed over two years. During COVID-19 pandemic, number of outpatient visits decreased by 25.2%, ultrasound examinations decreased by 44.2%, prenatal screening tests decreased by 36.2% and prenatal diagnostic tests decreased by 30.7%. Statistically significant correlation was not observed between deaths related to COVID-19 and outpatient visits (p=0.210), ultrasound examinations (p=0.265), prenatal screening (p=0.781) and diagnostic tests (p=0.158). Among indications of prenatal diagnostic tests, maternal anxiety was significantly higher in COVID-19 period (p=0.023). There was significant decrease in the detection of fetuses with trisomy 21 (p=0.047) and a significant increase in the detection of fetuses with Turner syndrome (p=0.017) during COVID-19 period.

Conclusions
The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted antenatal care. Prenatal fetal screening and diagnosis was adversely affected by the pandemic in terms of detecting genetic and structural anomalies.