bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune-related adverse events associated with PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors used as first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Gu Jingjing , Zhang Weidong , Bian Chunming , Huang Guanhong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

In recent years programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1) and its ligand, programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), have opened a new era of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment,while yielding higher rates of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) than platinum-based chemotherapy. This network meta-analysis indirectly compared the incidences of irAEs of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor + chemotherapy, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor alone, and dual PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor combinations.
Methods

We found 12 phase II or III randomized clinical trials (RCTs) including 8,453 patients with NSCLC by searching Pubmed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov. Summary risk ratios(RRs) and 95% confidence interval were used to compare the rate of irAEs for different ICI-based treatments using pairwise and network meta-analysis with random effects.
Results

In addition to platinum-based chemotherapy, in terms of dermatologic irAEs, durvalumab had the lowest rate compared to pembrolizumab + platinum, nivolumab, atezolizumab + platinum, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, nivolumab + ipilimumab. In terms of gastrointestinal irAEs, pembrolizumab had the lowest rate compared to nivolumab, nivolumab + ipilimumab, durvalumab, atezolizumab + platinum, and pembrolizumab + platinum. For endocrine irAEs, pembrolizumab + platinum had the lowest rate compared to pembrolizumab, atezolizumab + platinum, durvalumab, nivolumab, and nivolumab + ipilimumab. For pneumonitis, atezolizumab had the lowest rate compared to durvalumab nivolumab, atezolizumab + platinum, pembrolizumab + platinum, and pembrolizumab. For liver irAEs, durvalumab had the lowest rate compared to pembrolizumab, nivolumab, atezolizumab + platinum, pembrolizumab + platinum.
Conclusions

These findings suggested that, for patients with advanced NSCLC at high risk of irAEs, durvalumab for patients with dermatologic and liver irAEs, pembrolizumab for patients with gastrointestinal irAEs, pembrolizumab + platinum for patients with endocrine irAEs, and atezolizumab for patients with pneumonitis may be the preferred treatment regimens rather than other immune-based therapies.
Experimental Study on Coupling Characteristics of Cutting Heat and Cutting Vibration Under Different Tool Wear States
Authors: Li Songyuan , Li Shuncai , Hu Yuting , Popov Eugene 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The thermo-mechanical-vibration coupling characteristics of turning system has always been an important research topic in the field of machining, and the material, states and performance of cutting tools will directly affect this coupling characteristics. In this paper, a synchronous testing system for cutting temperature and cutting vibration is built to collect the cutting temperature and cutting vibration near the tip of three worn tools D1 (new blade), D2 (moderately worn blade) and D3 (severely worn blade). Based on the test data and the grey correlation theory, the coupling characteristics of cutting temperature rise and cutting vibration of tools in different wear states are analyzed. Based on the experimental data and least square method, (1) the regression model of cutting temperature rise about cutting vibration and cutting parameters (2) the regression model of cutting vibration about cutting temperature rise and cutting parameters have been established respectively. The undetermined parameters and correlation coefficients are obtained by MATLAB software programming. The research show that the coupling of cutting heat and cutting vibration of tools D1 and D2 is one-way coupling, that is, cutting vibration significantly affects cutting heat, but cutting heat has little effect on cutting vibration, while the coupling of cutting heat and cutting vibration of tool D3 is a bidirectional coupling.
Mean Arterial Pressure Should Above 65 mmHg at Vasopressor Weaning — Exploratory Study of Optimal Weaning Blood Pressure for Patients in Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Wang Zichen , Zhang Luming , Ma Wen , Li Chengzhuo , Yin Haiyan , Lyu Jun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective:Vasopressors are one of the main treatments for severe hypotension or shock, which commonly occurs in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. However, only a few studies have been conducted on the appropriate timing for vasopressor weaning. This study aims to explore the effect of blood pressure at vasopressor weaning on the probability of in-hospital mortality.Design: Single-center retrospective observational study.Setting: ICU from Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center between 2008 and 2019.Patients: ICU patients who received vasopressor treatment were selected. Patients younger than 18 years old, died before vasopressor weaning or without blood pressure measurement at weaning were excluded. Finally, 8,298 patients were included.Result: General additive model (GAM) result showed that blood pressures at weaning had “U-shape” non-linear relationship with in-hospital mortality probability. The optimal levels of weaning mean arterial pressure(WMAP), weaning systolic blood pressure(WSBP), and weaning diastolic blood pressure(WDBP) were 85, 120, and 65 mmHg, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed the optimal WMAP, WSBP,WDBP has deviations between diagnoses. The “cut-point” of a lower mortality probability for WMAP was 65 mmHg. ROC curves showed that mean arterial blood pressure as an indicator exhibited the best prediction performance. Cox regression demonstrated that patients with WMAP equal to or higher than 65 mmHg will have 61% lower risk of in-hospital mortality.Conclusion: WMAP is a powerful indicator for in-hospital mortality, and its value should be greater than 65 mmHg and close to 85 mmHg to reach the highest survival probability for ICU patients after vasopressor treatment.
Impact of COVID-19 on Air Quality in Central and Eastern China
Authors: Feng Haixia , Ning Erwei , Feng Haiying , Li Jian , Wang Qi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The focus of this paper is mainly on COVID-19’s impact on the air quality in central and eastern China using MCD19A2 aerosol optical depth (AOD) product data as well as the impact of human activities (mainly traffic behavior) on air quality. The main conclusions are the following: Significant data are still missing in MCD19A2 AOD product data, which led to the abnormal increase of AOD in southern China in February and the decline of analysis accuracy in AOD and air quality; COVID-19 had the important impact on air quality index (AQI) and peak congestion delay index (PCDI), resulting in the precipitous decrease of AQI and PCDI in Q1 2020, and the peaks of the AQI during the epidemic period were almost closely related to people's activities. AQI, PM2.5, and NO2 was significantly positively correlated with PCDI. Therefore, the alleviation of traffic congestion plays an important role in improving the air quality.
Effects of lipid emulsion on the formation of Escherichia coli –Candida albicans mixed species biofilm on PVC
Authors: Li Shanshan , Duan Wanshi , Lei Yujie , Wang Zhonghui , Fu Chaojiang , He Liang , Shen Zhenghai , Li Minjie , Chen Ying , Huang Yunchao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Patients receiving lipid emulsion have an increased risk of central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRSBI) in the clinic. More than 15% of CRBSI are found to be polymicrobial. The objective of the study was to explore the mechanism and effects of lipid emulsion on the formation of Escherichia coli-Candida albicans mixed species biofilm (BF) on the surface of polyvinylchloride (PVC) materials. Mixed BFs were achieved by co-culturing Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Candida albicans (Ca) with PVC in various concentrations of lipid emulsion respectively. Crystal violet (CV) staining and XTT assay were performed to test the formation of BFs and the viability of bacteria in BFs. The microstructures of BFs were observed by a combined approach of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The study found that lipid emulsion promoted the formation of Escherichia coli-Candida albicans mixed biofilm, especially 10% lipid emulsion. The mechnism of lipid emulsion prompting mixed biofilm formation may be significantly up-regulating the expression of flhDC, iha, HTA1, and HWP1 genes associated with bacterial motility, adhesion and biofilm formation. For prevention of central venous catheter-associated infections, medical professionals should maintain strict aseptic precautions when handling lipid emulsion and avoid using high concentrations of lipid emulsion for a long time as much as possible. The study provides interesting information for future research in biomaterial related infection.
Real-World Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Tofacitinib and Baricitinib in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Iwamoto Naoki , Sato Shuntaro , Kurushima Shota , Michitsuji Toru , Nishihata Shinya , Okamoto Momoko , Tsuji Yoshika , Endo Yushiro , Shimizu Toshimasa , Sumiyoshi Remi , Suzuki Takahisa , Okada Akitomo , Koga Tomohiro , Kawashiri Shin-ya , Fujikawa Keita , Igawa Takashi , Aramaki Toshiyuki , Ichinose Kunihiro , Tamai Mami , Nakamura Hideki , Mizokami Akinari , Origuchi Tomoki , Ueki Yukitaka , Eguchi Katsumi , Kawakami Atsushi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib and baricitinib in patients with RA in a real-world setting.Methods: A total of 242 patients with RA who were treated with tofacitinib (n=161) or baricitinib (n=81) were enrolled. To avoid confounding, we performed propensity score matching based on multiple baseline characteristic variables, and then 80 baricitinib-treated patients and 57 tofacitinib-treated patients were extracted for direct comparison. Their clinical disease activity and AEs were evaluated for 24 weeks. Results: The mean DAS28-ESR change from baseline to 24 weeks were 1.60 (tofacitinib) and 1.46 (baricitinib). There was no significant difference in the clinical response between two groups. The efficacy was not significantly changed in the patients without concomitant MTX use in both groups, but the concomitant MTX use showed better clinical efficacy in the cases of baricitinib treatment. In both groups, the most common AE was herpes zoster infection, and the AE rates were similar between the two groups. However, the predictive factors contributing to clinical response as revealed by a multivariable logistic analysis differed. The concomitant oral steroid use was independently associated with the achievement of DAS-low disease activity in both groups, whereas in the baricitinib group, the number of biological and/or targeted synthetic DMARDs previously used was also associated. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that tofacitinib and baricitinib had comparable continuing efficacies and safety profiles. However, the influence of clinical characteristics on the treatment response differed. Direct comparison provides useful information to optimal use of JAK inhibitors in real-world settings.
The analysis of psychological aspects of online education: Depression and happiness and their relationship with college students’ academic achievement
Authors: Avaznia Atefeh , Shoraka Hamid Reza , Nouhi Esmat 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Physical and psychological problems faced by college students during the COVID-19 pandemic and via online education can be investigated and prevented. Internet addiction, especially in online education, affects the student's academic and social life. This study aimed to explore the psychological aspects of depression and happiness due to Internet addiction and their relationships with students' academic achievement. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 510 students who were studying at Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2019. The students were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. The instruments used to collect the data were three standard questionnaires and a data collection form. The collected were analyzed statistically with SPSS software (version 22). Results: The mean score of Internet addiction was 36.73±18. Overall, 140 students (27.4%) were at the pre-addiction stage and 19 students (3.7%) were severely dependent on the Internet and social media. Internet addiction had a significant correlation with depression and happiness. However, no significant relationship was observed between Internet addiction and academic achievement. The results of multivariate linear regression analysis showed that Internet addiction was significantly correlated with the students’ age (P = 0.047), marital status (P = 0.001), and academic level (P = 0.002). Conclusion: The results of this study suggested approximately one-third of students were dependent on the Internet and social media or were about to become addicted. The results also confirmed the link between Internet addiction with depression and happiness in the students. Thus, Internet addiction showed a negative correlation with happiness but a positive correlation with addiction and depression. However, no significant relationship was observed between Internet addiction and academic achievement. Although the use of online education is a complementary and effective educational technique, it should be carefully managed in educational programs.
Comparison of Gene Expression in the Red Imported Fire Ant, Solenopsis Invicta, in Different Temperature Conditions
Authors: Park Youngjin , Vatanparast Mohammad , Puckett Robert , Choi Deuk-Soo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The red imported fire ant (RIFA), Solenopsis invicta Buren is native to South America and is known as a global problematic invasive species. This study focused on the molecular response of RIFA by comparing gene expression profiles after exposing ants to low (10℃) and high (40℃) temperature stress and comparing to untreated controls (30℃). A total of 99,085 unigenes were obtained, of which 19,154 were annotated with gene descriptions, gene ontology terms, and metabolic pathways. 86 gene ontology (GO) functional sub-groups and 23 EggNOG terms resulted. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with log2FC ≥ 10 were screened and were compared at different temperatures. We found 203, 48, and 66 specific DEGs co-regulated at 10, 20, and 40℃. Comparing transcriptome profiles for differential gene expression resulted in various DE proteins and genes, including cytochrome P450, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1, cuticle protein and heat shock protein (HSP) which have previously been reported to be involved in cold and high temperature resistance. GO analysis revealed that antioxidant activity up-regulated under high temperature stress. We verified the RNA-seq data by qPCR on 20 up and down-regulated DEGs. These finding provide a basis for the future understanding of adaptation mechanism of RIFA and molecular mechanism underlying the response to low and high temperatures.
Positive Selection Affects the Expression of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Associated Loci in Human Populations
Authors: Oberreiter Victoria , Goellner Tobias , Morris David L. , Schaschl Helmut 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) shows marked population-specific disparities in disease prevalence, including substantial variation in manifestations and complications according to genetic ancestry. Several recent studies suggest that a substantial proportion of variation of gene expression shows genetic ancestry-associated differences in gene regulation on immune responses. Positive selection may act in a population-specific manner on expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) and thereby contributes to the difference in the differences of SLE prevalence and manifestation in human populations. We tested the hypothesises that some of the identified SLE risk polymorphisms display pleiotropic effects or polygenicity driven by positive selection. We performed a genome-wide scan for recent positive selection by using integrated Haplotype Score (iHS) statistics in different human populations. In addition, we estimated the timing of beneficial mutations to understand what possible selective pressures drive positive selection at SLE-associated loci. Results: We identified several SLE risk loci that are population-specifically under positive selection. Almost all SNPs that are under positive selection function as cis-eQTLs in different tissue types. We determined that adaptive eQTLs affect the expression of fewer genes than non-adaptive eQTLs, suggesting a limited range of effect of an eQTL at SLE risk sites that show signatures of positive selection. Furthermore, some positively selected SNPs are located in transcription factor binding sequences. The timing of positive selection for the studied loci suggests that both environmental and recent lifestyle changes during as well as after the Neolithic Transition may have become selectively effective. We propose a novel link between positively selected eQTLs at a certain SLE risk locus in Europeans and a physiological pathway not previously considered in SLE.Conclusions: We conclude that population-specific adaptive eQTLs contribute to the observed variation in specific manifestations and complications of SLE in different ethnicities. Our results suggest also that human populations adapt more rapidly to environmental and lifestyle stimuli via modification of gene expression without having to alter the genetic code.
Plasmids facilitate pathogenicity, not cooperation, in bacteria
Authors: Dewar Anna , Thomas Joshua , Scott Thomas , Wild Geoff , Griffin Ashleigh , West Stuart , Ghoul Melanie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Horizontal gene transfer via plasmids could favour cooperation in bacteria, because transfer of a cooperative gene turns non-cooperative cheats into cooperators. This hypothesis has received support from both theoretical and genomic analyses. In contrast, with a comparative analysis across 51 diverse species, we found that genes for extracellular proteins, which are likely to act as cooperative ‘public goods’, were not more likely to be carried on either: (i) plasmids compared to chromosomes; or (ii) plasmids that transfer at higher rates. Our results were supported by theoretical modelling which showed that while horizontal gene transfer can help cooperative genes initially invade a population, it does not favour the longer-term maintenance of cooperation. Instead, we found that genes for extracellular proteins were more likely to be on plasmids when they coded for pathogenic virulence traits, in pathogenic bacteria with a broad host-range. Taken together, these results support an alternate hypothesis, that plasmid gene location confers benefits other than horizontal gene transfer.
Treatment of Six COVID-19 Patients with Convalescent Plasma
Authors: Jin Can , Zhang Shucheng , Li Bohan , Wu Linlin , Yi Shihao , Zhou Hourong , He Zhixu , Zhang Wei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective The global mortality toll of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rapidly increasing. Current antiviral therapy is insufficient, so it is crucial to develop new treatments. We assessed the efficacy of convalescent plasma transfusion for COVID-19 patients.Methods This retrospective, single-center study was conducted on six COVID-19 patients treated with convalescent plasma at Guizhou Provincial Jiangjunshan Hospital in China, from January 29 to April 30, 2020; the final follow-up data was collected on May 20, 2020. The efficacy of convalescent plasma was evaluated symptom relief and improvements in laboratory indicators and chest imaging abnormalities. Results Following treatment with convalescent plasma, the laboratory indicators and chest imaging examination of patients 1–3 changed from abnormal to normal. Regarding the relapsed patients (patients 4–6), two obtained negative severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results on consecutive throat swabs after receiving convalescent plasma therapy (on days 24 and 3 for patients 4 and 6, respectively). Patient 5 received only one round of convalescent plasma transfusion; this patient’s laryngeal swab test results for SARS-CoV-2 have remained consistently positive so far.Conclusions The clinical conditions of six patients with COVID-19 improved following treatment with antiviral drugs and systemic corticosteroids combined with appropriate rounds of convalescent plasma therapy, indicating that infusion with convalescent plasma may be beneficial for patients with COVID-19.This study was registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Center. (CCTR number: ChiCTR 2000033056, registered 19 May 2020)
Genome-wide Analysis and Functional Characterization of the Della Gene Family Associated With Stress Tolerance in B. Napus
Authors: Sarwar Rehman , Jiang Ting , Ding Peng , Gao Yue , Tan Xiaoli , Zhu Keming 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Brassica napus is an essential crop for oil and livestock feed. Eventually, this crop’s economic interest is at the most risk due to anthropogenic climate change. DELLA proteins constitute a significant repressor of plant growth to facilitate survival under constant stress conditions. DELLA proteins lack DNA binding domain, but can interact with various transcription factors or transcription regulators of different hormonal families. Significant progress has been made on Arabidopsis and cereal plants. However, no comprehensive study regarding DELLA proteins have been delineated in B. napus.Results: In our study, we have identified 10 BnDELLA genes. All of the BnDELLAs are closely related to five AtDELLA genes, suggesting a relative function and structure. Chromosomal mapping revealed the uneven distribution of BnDELLAs on eight chromosomes, and site-specific selection assessment proposes BnDELLAs purifying selection. The motifs composition in all BnDELLA genes is uneven; however, every BnDELLA gene contains 12 highly conserved motifs, encoding DELLA and GRAS domain. The two known miRNAs (bna-miR6029 and bna-miR603) targets, BnC07RGA and BnA09GAI, were also predicted. Furthermore, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis has exhibited the BnDELLA genes’ diverse expression patterns in various plant organs. Additionally, cis-acting element prediction shows that all BnDELLA genes contain light, stress, and hormone-responsive elements on their promoters. The gene ontology (GO) enrichment report indicated that BnDELLA genes mainly regulate stress responses. Through publicly available RNA-seq analysis, we determined the induced expression of BnDELLA genes by different biotic and abiotic stress treatments.Conclusion: The present study provides essential information on the BnDELLA gene family in B. napus, illustrates the significance of BnDELLAs in stress adaptation, and suggests modulating BnDELLAs expression is a promising way to intensify B. napus stress tolerance and harvest index.