bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupational Therapy Assessment of Spirituality questionnaire: translation into Persian and psychometric testing
Authors: Babaei Masoud , Karbalaee-Nouri Ashraf , Rafiey Hassan , Rassafiani Mehdi , Haghgoo Hojjatollah , Biglarian Akbar , Morris Douglas N 
Published: May 2021

Background/aims Occupational therapy is a profession that uses holistic and person-centered approaches that deal with all aspects of daily life. Clients' needs fall into four areas, and one of them is spirituality. Therefore, occupational therapists should pay attention to this area, but there is little information on the status of occupational therapists' knowledge and use in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to translate the occupational therapy assessment of spirituality questionnaire into Persian and determine its validity, factor analysis and reliability. Methods This is a psychometric study that was conducted between June and September 2018. The Occupational Therapy Assessment of Spirituality is a self-report, 25-item questionnaire, with self-exploratory scoring that investigates occupational therapists' views on four factors: spirituality in the scope of practice following its addition in the theoretical framework; formal education and training on spirituality; need for future educational opportunities and training to address spirituality; and awareness of assessments and evaluations in occupational therapy that incorporate clients' spirituality. The International Quality of Life Assessment approach was used for translation. Content validity was performed with 10 occupational therapists regarding qualitative content validity, content validity index and content validity ratio. Exploratory factor analysis and internal consistency with a sample size of 125 people and test–retest coefficient with a sample size of 25 people were computed for reliability. Results Qualitative content validity was confirmed, with content validity index greater than 0.79 and content validity ratio greater than 0.62. During the exploratory factor analysis process, the number of factors was reduced to three factors and the number of questions were reduced from 21 to 15 questions. Internal consistency was good (0.88). Test–retest coefficient was 0.96, with a high level of significance (P<0.001). Conclusions The Persian version of the Occupational Therapy Assessment of Spirituality is a reliable and valid questionnaire and can be used among Iranian occupational therapists in different clinical settings.
Follow-up definitions in clinical orthopaedic research
Authors: Ahmad Sufian S. , Hoos Lorenz , Perka Carsten , Stöckle Ulrich , Braun Karl F. , Konrads Christian 
Published: May 2021

Aims The follow-up interval of a study represents an important aspect that is frequently mentioned in the title of the manuscript. Authors arbitrarily define whether the follow-up of their study is short-, mid-, or long-term. There is no clear consensus in that regard and definitions show a large range of variation. It was therefore the aim of this study to systematically identify clinical research published in high-impact orthopaedic journals in the last five years and extract follow-up information to deduce corresponding evidence-based definitions of short-, mid-, and long-term follow-up. Methods A systematic literature search was performed to identify papers published in the six highest ranked orthopaedic journals during the years 2015 to 2019. Follow-up intervals were analyzed. Each article was assigned to a corresponding subspecialty field: sports traumatology, knee arthroplasty and reconstruction, hip-preserving surgery, hip arthroplasty, shoulder and elbow arthroplasty, hand and wrist, foot and ankle, paediatric orthopaedics, orthopaedic trauma, spine, and tumour. Mean follow-up data were tabulated for the corresponding subspecialty fields. Comparison between means was conducted using analysis of variance. Results Of 16,161 published articles, 590 met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 321 were of level IV evidence, 176 level III, 53 level II, and 40 level I. Considering all included articles, a long-term study published in the included high impact journals had a mean follow-up of 151.6 months, a mid-term study of 63.5 months, and a short-term study of 30.0 months. Conclusion The results of this study provide evidence-based definitions for orthopaedic follow-up intervals that should provide a citable standard for the planning of clinical studies. A minimum mean follow-up of a short-term study should be 30 months (2.5 years), while a mid-term study should aim for a mean follow-up of 60 months (five years), and a long-term study should aim for a mean of 150 months (12.5 years). Level of Evidence: Level I. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(5):344–350.
Bayesian structural equation modeling for post treatment health related quality of life among tuberculosis patients
Authors: Vasantha Mahalingam , Muniyandi Malaisamy , Ponnuraja Chinnaiyan , Srinivasan Ramalingam , Venkatesan Perumal 
Published: May 2021

Background
The use of Bayesian Structural Equation Model (BSEM) to evaluate the impact of TB on self-reported health related quality of life (HRQoL) of TB patients has been not studied.

Objective
To identify the factors that contribute to the HRQoL of TB patients using BSEM.

Methods
This is a latent variable modeling with Bayesian approach using secondary data. HRQoL data collected after one year from newly diagnosed 436 TB patients who were registered and successfully completed treatment at Government health facilities in Tiruvallur district, south India under the National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP) were used for this analysis. In this study, the four independent latent variables such as physical well–being (PW = PW1-7), mental well-being (MW = MW1-7), social well-being (SW = SW1-4) and habits were considered. The BSEM was constructed using Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm for identifying the factors that contribute to the HRQoL of TB patients who completed treatment.

Results
Bayesian estimates were obtained using 46,300 observations after convergence and the standardized structural regression estimate of PW, MW, SW on HRQoL were 0.377 (p<0.001), 0.543 (p<0.001) and 0.208 (p<0.001) respectively. The latent variables PW, MW and SW were significantly associated with HRQoL of TB patients. The age was found to be significantly negatively associated with HRQoL of TB patients.

Conclusions
The current study demonstrated the application of BSEM in evaluating HRQoL. This methodology may be used to study precise estimates of HRQoL of TB patients in different time points.
Interleukin-13 rs1800925/-1112C/T promoter single nucleotide polymorphism variant linked to anti-schistosomiasis in adult males in Murehwa District, Zimbabwe
Authors: Choto Emilia T. , Mduluza Takafira , Chimbari Moses J. 
Published: May 2021

Background
Chronic schistosomiasis is predominantly induced through up-regulation of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-13. IL-13 may contribute to the disease outcomes by increasing eosinophil infiltration thereby promoting fibrosis. IL-13 may act as an immunosuppressive inflammatory cytokine that may promote carcinogenesis and also may offer protection against schistosomiasis thereby reducing risk of schistosome infections. Our study evaluated the frequency of the IL-13 rs1800925/-1112 C/ T promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among schistosomiasis infected individuals and assessed the association of the variants on IL-13 cytokine levels. We also investigated IL-13 rs1800925 polymorphisms on prostate-specific antigen levels as an indicator for risk of prostate cancer development.

Methodology
The study was cross-sectional and included 50 schistosomiasis infected and 316 uninfected male participants residing in Murehwa District, Zimbabwe. IL-13 rs1800925 SNPs were genotyped by allele amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction. Concentrations of serum prostate-specific antigens and plasma IL-13 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
Frequencies of the genotypes CC, CT and TT, were 20%, 58% and 22% in schistosomiasis infected, and 18.3%, 62.1% and 19.6% in uninfected participants with no statistical differences. There were significantly (p<0.05) higher IL-13 cytokine levels among both infected and uninfected participants with the genotypes CC and CT; median 92.25 pg/mL and 106.5 pg/mL, respectively, compared to TT variant individuals; 44.78 pg/mL. Within the schistosomiasis uninfected group, CC and CT variants had significantly (p<0.05) higher IL-13 levels; median 135.0 pg/mL and 113.6 pg/mL, respectively compared to TT variant individuals; 47.15 pg/mL. Within the schistosomiasis infected group, CC, CT and TT variant individuals had insignificant differences of IL-13 level. Using logistic regression, no association was observed between prostate-specific antigen levels, IL-13 cytokine levels and IL-13 rs1800925 variants (p>0.05).

Conclusion
IL-13 rs1800925 C variant individuals had the highest IL-13 cytokine levels among the schistosomiasis uninfected suggesting that they may be protective against Schistosoma infections. There was no association between IL-13 concentrations or IL-13 rs1800925 variants and risk of prostate cancer indicating that IL-13 levels and IL-13 rs10800925 may not be utilised as biomarker for risk of prostate cancer in schistosome infections.
Multivariate visualization of the global COVID-19 pandemic: A comparison of 161 countries
Authors: Teh Jane K. L. , Bradley David A. , Chook Jack Bee , Lai Kee Huong , Ang Woo Teck , Teo Kok Lay , Peh Suat-Cheng 
Published: May 2021

Background
The aim of the study was to visualize the global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic over the first 90 days, through the principal component analysis approach of dimensionality reduction.

Methods
This study used data from the Global COVID-19 Index provided by PEMANDU Associates. The sample, representing 161 countries, comprised the number of confirmed cases, deaths, stringency indices, population density and GNI per capita (USD). Correlation matrices were computed to reveal the association between the variables at three time points: day-30, day-60 and day-90. Three separate principal component analyses were computed for similar time points, and several standardized plots were produced.

Results
Confirmed cases and deaths due to COVID-19 showed positive but weak correlation with stringency and GNI per capita. Through principal component analysis, the first two principal components captured close to 70% of the variance of the data. The first component can be viewed as the severity of the COVID-19 surge in countries, whereas the second component largely corresponded to population density, followed by GNI per capita of countries. Multivariate visualization of the two dominating principal components provided a standardized comparison of the situation in the161 countries, performed on day-30, day-60 and day-90 since the first confirmed cases in countries worldwide.

Conclusion
Visualization of the global spread of COVID-19 showed the unequal severity of the pandemic across continents and over time. Distinct patterns in clusters of countries, which separated many European countries from those in Africa, suggested a contrast in terms of stringency measures and wealth of a country. The African continent appeared to fare better in terms of the COVID-19 pandemic and the burden of mortality in the first 90 days. A noticeable worsening trend was observed in several countries in the same relative time frame of the disease’s first 90 days, especially in the United States of America.
Socio-economic, demographic, and behavioural determinants of women’s empowerment in Mozambique
Authors: Castro Lopes Sofia , Constant Deborah , Fraga Sílvia , Bique Osman Nafissa , Correia Daniela , Harries Jane 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionEmpowerment is considered pivotal for how women access and use health care services and experience their sexual and reproductive rights. In Mozambique, women’s empowerment requires a better understanding and contextualization, including looking at factors that could drive empowerment in that context. This study aims to identify socioeconomic, demographic, and behavioural determinants of different domains of women’s empowerment in Mozambique.MethodsUsing the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) conducted in 2015 for Mozambique, a sample of 2072 women aged between 15 and 49 years old were included in this study. The DHS’s indicators of women’s empowerment were used in a principal component analysis and the obtained components were identified as the domains of empowerment. Logistic regressions were run to estimate the association of socioeconomic, demographic, and behavioural characteristics with each domain of empowerment. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated.ResultsThree domains of women’s empowerment were identified, namely (1) Beliefs about violence against women, (2) Decision-making, and (3) Control over sexuality and safe sex. Region, rurality, the experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) and partner’s controlling behaviours were associated with Beliefs about violence against women, while Decision-making and Control over sexuality and safe sex were also associated with education, age and wealth. Employment, polygamous marriage and religion was positively associated with Decision-making, and access to media increased the odds of Control over sexuality and safe sex.ConclusionWomen’s empowerment seems to be determined by different socio-economic, demographic, and behavioural factors and this seems to be closely related to different domains of empowerment identified. This finding affirms the multi-dimensionality of empowerment as well as the importance of considering the context- and community-specific characteristics.
Ahmed implant coated with poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) inhibits foreign body reactions in rabbit eyes
Authors: Kee Hyun Joo , Lee Eun Jung , Han Jong Chul , Kee Changwon 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
Wound healing after Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation often entails fibrosis as a foreign body reaction to the silicone plate. Poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC) forms an antifouling surface that inhibits fibrosis during wound healing. In this study, we aimed to compare the effects of the implantation of AGV coated with PMPC (wPMPC) versus AGV without PMPC (woPMPC) in rabbits.

Methods
Six New Zealand White rabbit does underwent AGV implantation in both eyes. For each rabbit, one eye was randomly selected for implantation of AGV wPMPC and a conventional AGV (woPMPC) was implanted in the contralateral eye. Gross conjunctival vascularity was compared between the two groups at the first, second, and fourth weeks after surgery. The eyes were enucleated in four weeks and subjected to staining with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson’s trichrome stain. The fibrosis and inflammation status among the eye samples were compared by measuring the thickness of the fibrotic walls and counting the number of chronic inflammatory cells around the AGV. Counting of inflammatory cells and measuring fibrotic wall thickness were done in a blinded method to eliminate observer bias. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test.

Results
Gross and histological examinations revealed no toxic effects of PMPC. There were no apparent differences in overall conjunctival vascularity between the two groups at weeks 1, 2, and 4 after surgery. The average inflammatory cell counts were 14.3 ± 5.8 per slide and 27.3 ± 8.6 per slide in the wPMPC and woPMPC groups, respectively (p = 0.037). The average thicknesses of the fibrotic wall were 57.9 ± 11.3 μm and 81.5 ± 21.3 μm in the wPMPC and woPMPC groups, respectively (p = 0.025).

Conclusion
Compared to the woPMPC group, the number of inflammatory cells and fibrosis were significantly decreased in the wPMPC group.
Examining the Relationship Between Energy Consumption, Economic Growth and Environmental Degradation in Indonesia: Do Capital and Trade Openness Matter?
Authors: Anwar Nurul , Elfaki Khalid Eltayeb 
Published: May 2021

This paper examines the relationship between energy consumption, economic growth, and environmental degradation in Indonesia in 1965-2018 with the inclusion of gross capital formation and trade openness as relevant factors. The autoregressive distributed lag model to cointegration, fully modified ordinary least squares, dynamic ordinary least squares, and canonical cointegrating regression approach applied to estimate this relationship. The result of cointegration confirms the existence of a cointegration relationship between energy consumption, economic growth, gross fixed capital formation, trade openness, and environmental degradation. The empirical result, in the long run, indicates that energy consumption, economic growth, and trade openness have a positive relationship with environmental degradation. However, the gross fixed capital formation was found to be negatively associated with environmental degradation. It implies that gross fixed capital formation plays a pivotal role in reducing environmental degradation in Indonesia. The error correction model coefficient indicates that the deviation of CO2 emissions from its long run equilibrium will be adjusted by 0.53% through the short run channel per annum. The findings of this paper propose implementing an energy policy that focuses on energy from environmentally friendly sources. It is also recommended to reverse the effect of openness to the international markets to improve and facilitate access to advanced and environmentally friendly technologies to mitigate environmental degradation and improve environmental quality.
PENGARUH FORMULASI TEPUNG IKAN HARUAN, TEPUNG BUAH DAN BIJI LABU KUNING PADA BISKUIT TERHADAP KANDUNGAN GIZI DAN DAYA TERIMA
Authors: Khasanah Tri Ardianti , Mumpuni Christina Erawati 
Published: May 2021

Latar Belakang : Salah satu masalah gizi pada balita adalah stunting. Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya telah menemukan kandungan gizi yang memiliki pengaruh pada pertumbuhan linear tubuh dalam kasus stunting seperti protein, seng, zat besi dan vitamin A. Tepung ikan haruan (HFF), tepung biji labu kuning(PSF) dan tepung buah labu kuning (PFF) adalah bahan lokal yang cukup mengandung gizi tersebut sehingga cocok digunakan sebagai bahan tambahan pada produk biskuit untuk balita.Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh formulasi biskuit (HPB) yang terdiri dari tepung terigu, HFF, PSF dan PFF terhadap kadar protein, seng, zat besi, vitamin A, dan daya terima biskuit untuk balita.Metode : Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimen menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 kali replikasi. HPB dibuat dengan proporsi tepung terigu: HFF: PSF: PFF masing-masing adalah P0 (100%:0%:0%:0%), P1 (50%:20%:20%:10%), P2 (50%:15%:15%:20%), P3(50%:10%:10%:30%). Analisis data pengaruh formulasi HPB terhadap kandungan gizi menggunakan one way anova, sedangkan untuk daya terima menggunakan analisis friedman pada warna, aroma, tekstur, dan rasa.Hasil : Uji statistik yang dilakukan menyatakan bahwa formulasi HPB tidak beda nyata (p>0,05) terhadap kadar protein dan vitamin A. Sebaliknya, formulasi HPB beda nyata (p<0,05) terhadap kadar seng, zat besi dan daya terima biskuit.Simpulan : Formulasi HPB memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap kadar seng dan zat besi biskuit. Kadar seng biskuit semakin meningkat pada formulasi dengan persentase HFF, PSF makin besar dan PFF makin kecil. Sebaliknya, kadar zat besi semakin meningkat, pada formulasi dengan persentase PFF makin besar dan HFF, PSF makin kecil.
HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK, POLA KONSUMSI GARAM DAN POLA MAKAN DENGAN KADAR EKSKRESI IODIUM URIN (EIU) PADA IBU HAMIL DI JEPARA, JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Nugroho Teddy Wahyu , Margawati Ani , Utami Aras 
Published: May 2021

Latar Belakang : Gangguan Akibat Kekurangan Yodium (GAKY) merupakan gangguan yang timbul karena kekurangan asupan yodium. Masalah GAKY di Indonesia cukup banyak. Oleh karena itu, pentingnya sosialisasi asupan yodium yang cukup agar dapat mengurangi resiko terjadinya GAKY di masyarakat. Kelompok yang perlu mendapat sosialisasi pentingnya memperhatikan kadar yodium yaitu wanita usia subur dan ibu hamil.Tujuan : Menganalisis hubungan antara kadar Ekskresi Iodium Urin (EIU) dengan LILA, IMT, status anemia, konsumsi garam dan pola makan subjek.Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional yang dilakukan dengan desain Cross Sectional. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu hamil trimester 2 dan trimester 3 yang tinggal di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Mlonggo II dan Puskesmas Pakis Aji, Jepara. Total sampel 88 ibu hamil dengan teknik sampling yang diambil adalah consecutive sampling. Instrumen penelitian ini yaitu kuesioner, wawancara terkait asupan makan maupun asupan garam beryodium (SQ-FFQ) dan botol urine untuk tempat urine subyek sebelum diuji dengan metode Enzym Linked Immunosorben Assay (ELISA). Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis deskriptif rensponden dengan menyajikan distribusi frekuensi masing-masing variabel. Analisis biavariat yaitu untuk mengetahui besar risiko (odds ratio) paparan terhadap kasus dengan menggunakan table 2x2.Hasil : Ibu hamil pada penelitian ini sebanyak 88 subjek. Subjek yang memiliki kadar EIU rendah sebanyak 68,2%. Selain itu dari total subjek, terdapat 46 subjek yang memiliki status gizi overweight (52,3%) dan sebanyak 19 subjek (21,6%) mengalami anemia. Dari hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa tidak adanya hubungan antara LILA (p=0,843), status gizi (p=0,282), status anemia (p=0,561), asupan energi (p=0,360); asupan karbohidrat (p=0,856); asupan protein (p=0,744); asupan lemak (p=0,781); asupan serat (p=0,492); asupan vitamin C (p= 0,401); asupan magnesium (p=0,177); asupan zat besi (Fe) (p=0,122); asupan zink (p=0,141); asupan mangan (p=0,286) dengan kadar EIU pada ibu hamil.Simpulan : Tidak terdapat hubungan antara karakteristik, pola konsumsi garam dan pola makan dengan kadar EIU pada ibu hamil.
Realisierte Tropen in Wolframs ›Parzival‹
Authors: Huber Tim 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article negotiates the immense poetical potential inherent in the rhetorical operation of the ›epische Realisierung‹ of tropes, which is paradigmatically used by Wolfram von Eschenbach in his ›Parzival‹. This technique not only presents prevalent literary topoi of courtly culture in an innovative way, but also provides the possibility to unfold the text’s metaphors, which are habitually restricted to a specific moment, within the entire narrative framework. Furthermore, Wolfram applies this technique, arguably, to connect text passages, which otherwise diverge widely from the linear of the narrative, by the virtue of their corresponding metaphorical or visual logic. Through these established ana- and cataphoric intratextual references, even distant episodes are brought into a dialogue that discloses both analogies and differences as well as new levels of meaning.
Die Wittenbergisch Nachtigall gegen den Löwen in Rom
Authors: Prautzsch Felix 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Protestant polemic of the 16th century against the Roman Church and especially the papacy is generally considered more as an aspect of theological affront than as a fundamental communicative mode of the Reformation movement. Using the example of Hans Sachs’s poem ›The Wittenberg Nightingale‹ of 1523, which has contributed significantly to the literarization and popularization of the figure of the reformer and his teachings, the present article discusses the connection between Protestant Luther stylization, anti-Roman invectives and the formation of the Reformation movement. Their key messages, in their confrontational exclusiveness to the alleged falsification of the Christian doctrine by the papacy, turn out to be central elements of a fundamentally invective communication that establishes the new, Protestant doctrine.