bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conspecific negative density dependence of trees varies with plant functional traits and environmental conditions across scales in a 60‐ha tropical rainforest dynamics plot
Authors: Zang Lipeng , Xu Han , Li Yide , Zang Runguo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractConspecific negative density dependence (CNDD) is an important mechanism facilitating species coexistence in plant communities. Yet, which factors influence CNDD is still not clear. Here, we examined the factors influencing CNDD in tree species within a 60‐ha tropical rainforest dynamics plot. Point pattern analysis was used to test the existence and strength of CNDD. The relationships between strength of CNDD and plant functional traits, as well as abiotic factors, were assessed by stepwise regression analysis. Results showed that 89% of the examined species exhibited CNDD, and the strength of CNDD decreased with increasing spatial scales and species abundance. The maximum strength of CNDD (dmax) was negatively related to leaf dry matter content and positively related to potential maximum height. Soil water content, available nitrogen, and total potassium were the major abiotic factors determining dmax. Our study suggests that CNDD is prevalent in most tree species and that both abiotic (soil) and biotic (species abundance, plant functional traits) factors constrain the strength of CNDD in our tropical montane rainforest.Abstract in Chinese is available with online material.
Emotion‐oriented coping and parental competency: An evidence‐based parenting intervention for parents of children with special educational needs
Authors: Ho Man Yee , Liang Siya 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study examines a promising new coping and parental competency (CPC) intervention for parents of children with special educational needs that targets parents' mental health outcomes. Coping and parental competency impact parents' mental health, but no studies have rigorously assessed whether CPC is an effective strategy for cultivating emotional wellness in these parents. A seven‐week skills‐based CPC parenting programme was developed and administered in groups. One hundred twenty‐four parents in Hong Kong were randomly assigned to the intervention group or the wait‐list control group. Parents in the intervention group (a) showed reductions in depression, anxiety, and stress, (b) used fewer emotion‐oriented coping strategies and (c) exhibited an increased sense of parenting competency compared to the wait‐list control group. The serial multiple mediation of emotion‐oriented coping and parental competence in the relationship between treatment condition and mental health outcomes was found to be statistically significant. The discussion highlights the potential usefulness of a CPC intervention for populations at risk for parenting and coping challenges.
Otological manifestations in branchiootorenal spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Anhai , Song Jian , Acke Frederic R. E. , Mei Lingyun , Cai Xinzhang , Feng Yong , He Chufeng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBranchiootorenal spectrum disorder (BORSD) is a group of rare autosomal dominant entities characterized by branchiogenic malformations, hearing loss (HL) and renal anomalies. It comprises branchiootorenal syndrome and branchiootic syndrome, distinguished by the presence or absence of renal abnormalities. Pathogenic variants have been discovered in the following genes: EYA1, SIX5, SIX1 and SALL1. As the otological phenotype in BORSD is inconsistently reported, we performed a systematic review to provide an up‐to‐date overview, correlated with the genotype. Forty publications were included, describing 295 individual patients. HL was diagnosed in 95%, usually bilateral and mixed‐type, and differed among the different genes involved. Mixed moderate‐to‐severe HL was the predominant finding in patients with EYA1 involvement, regardless of the presence of renal abnormalities. The sensorineural HL of profound severity was more prevalent in patients with SIX1 mutations. No significant differences among different mutation types or location within the genes could be observed. Structural otological manifestations, ranging from periauricular to inner ear anomalies, were common in both genes. Especially periauricular anomalies were more common and more severe in EYA1. In summary, otological differences among the different genes involved in BORSD are observed, so the molecular analysis is strongly advised.
Clustered into control: Heterogeneous causal impacts of water infrastructure failure
Authors: Cunningham Brandon , LaRiviere Jacob , Wichman Casey J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe estimate economic impacts from decaying water infrastructure in the United States. Using water main breaks in Washington, DC, and a yearlong panel of hourly traffic speeds, we estimate causal effects of water main failures on traffic congestion. We use k‐means clustering to create clusters of streets that are similar to each other: treated observations are compared to other units in the cluster. We identify heterogeneous treatment effects algorithmically while retaining straightforward standard error calculations. We find strong evidence of heterogeneous treatment effects across clusters but small welfare impacts of water main breaks on traffic patterns overall.
Outcomes after intensive care unit admission in newly diagnosed diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma patients: A real‐life study
Authors: Zduniak Alexandra , Mihailescu Sorina‐Dana , Lequesne Justine , Lenain Pascal , Contentin Nathalie , Pepin Louis‐Ferdinand , Ménard Anne‐Lise , Leprêtre Stéphane , Lemasle Emilie , Lanic Hélène , Stamatoullas‐Bastard Aspasia , Tilly Hervé , Tamion Fabienne , Jardin Fabrice , Camus Vincent 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe conducted a retrospective study to analyze the prognostic factors impacting the overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients undergoing first‐line therapy and admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) compared to a control cohort who did not required ICU admission. Between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2018, 828 patients were diagnosed with DLBCL at our institution, including 72 patients who were required ICU admission during disease course. Among them, forty‐five patients undergoing homogeneous first‐line therapy with /R‐CHOP‐like regimen and ICU‐admitted were selected for the present analysis. Control “non‐ICU” DLBCL patients were matched by age, IPI score and treatment received. The median age at ICU admission was 65 years, 97.8% of patients displayed advanced‐stage disease (III/IV), and 84.4% had a high IPI score (3‐5). The main reasons for ICU admission were acute respiratory failure (40.0%) and septic shock (33.3%). The ICU mortality rate was 33.3%. The 2‐year PFS was lower in ICU survivors patients than in non‐ICU patients: 31.7% (95% CI 18.5‐54.1) vs 60.8% (95% CI 51.2‐72.1, P = .00049). Admission to the ICU is an event that clearly impacts the outcomes of patients with DLBCL, until 2 years after the event. ICU prognosis seems mainly related to critical patient severity at admission rather than lymphoma‐related prognostic factors (IPIs), suggesting that ICU admission criteria should not be based only on the lymphoma prognosis.
Social interaction targets enhance 13‐month‐old infants' associative learning
Authors: Thiele Maleen , Hepach Robert , Michel Christine , Gredebäck Gustaf , Haun Daniel B. M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInfants are attentive to third‐party interactions, but the underlying mechanisms of this preference remain understudied. This study examined whether 13‐month‐old infants (N = 32) selectively learn cue–target associations guiding them to videos depicting a social interaction scene. In a visual learning task, two geometrical shapes were repeatedly paired with two kinds of target videos: two adults interacting with one another (social interaction) or the same adults acting individually (non‐interactive control). Infants performed faster saccadic latencies and more predictive gaze shifts toward the cued target region during social interaction trials. These findings suggest that social interaction targets can serve as primary reinforcers in an associative learning task, supporting the view that infants find it intrinsically valuable to observe others’ interactions.
Leadership, adequate staffing and material resources, and collegial nurse–physician relationships promote better patients, professionals and institutions outcomes
Authors: Cristina Gasparino Renata , Daiana Mendonça Ferreira Thelen , Ceretta Oliveira Henrique , Fernanda dos Santos Alves Daniela , Pazetto Balsanelli Alexandre 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo test a theoretical model aiming to understand which characteristics of the professional nursing practice environment most affect patients, professionals and institution outcomes.DesignA cross‐sectional and correlational study, using a structural equation model.MethodsOne thousand seven hundred and seventy‐three staff nurses were recruited using convenience sampling in five Brazilian hospitals from November 2017 to July 2018. Structural equation modelling was used to assess the relationship between the characteristics of the nursing work environment and patients (climate of safety and quality of care), nursing professionals (job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion) and institutions (intention to leave the job) outcomes. The model was tested using the partial least squares method, considering the bootstrapping technique to estimate the results. The path coefficients and their respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The quality of fit of the structural model was assessed by calculating the coefficient of determination (R2), the predictive validity coefficient (Q2) and the effect size (f2).ResultsThe characteristics that most affected the outcomes for patients were Nurse manager ability, leadership and support of nurses (λ=0.27), and Staffing and resource adequacy (λ=0.26); for nursing professionals, Staffing and resource adequacy (λ=−0.19), and Collegial nurse–physician relations (λ=0.19); and for institutions, Nurse manager ability, leadership and support of nurses (λ=−0.10), and Collegial nurse–physician relations (λ=−0.10).ConclusionThe characteristics of the professional nursing practice environment that most contribute to achieving better outcomes include nurse manager ability, leadership and support of nurses, staffing and resource adequacy, and collegial nurse–physician relations.ImpactThis study allowed us to assess which strategies should be prioritized in the professional nursing practice environment to achieve better results. Thus, investment in the training of leadership, in the adequacy of resources, and in physician–nurse relations will bring better results for patients, nursing professionals, and institutions.
The Maternal Attachment Inventory: Development and validation of a short form
Authors: López‐Fernández Gemma , Barrios Maite , Gómez‐Benito Juana 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsTo translate and adapt the Maternal Attachment Inventory (MAI) into Spanish; to develop a short form of the instrument that can be used during early childhood; and to test its psychometric properties in a large sample of Spanish mothers.DesignCross‐sectional study of adaptation and cultural validation of instruments.MethodsData were collected between February and September 2018. In Stage I, the instrument was culturally adapted using a standardized translation and back‐translation method. In Stage II, the factor structure of the Spanish version was tested in a sample of 300 mothers with children aged between 2 and 7 years, and on the basis of the findings a short form of the instrument was developed. Finally, in Stage III, in a second sample of 356 mothers, confirmatory factor analyses of first‐, second‐order and bi‐factor structure were conducted to find the optimal factor structure of the short form of the Spanish MAI. Convergent validity, internal consistency and test–retest reliability were also examined.ResultsA bi‐factor structure with four sub‐scales and 17 items emerged from the factor analyses conducted in Stages II and III. Scores on the short form were negatively correlated with mother‐to‐infant bonding disorders. The short form presented adequate internal consistency and test–retest reliability.ConclusionsThe Spanish MAI short form is a valid and reliable measure for assessing maternal attachment in mothers of children aged between 2 and 7 years.ImpactWe present a short version of the MAI for healthcare professionals, adapted for application in a new age range and validated for use with Spanish mothers.
Different methods of enhancing the efficacy of topical tacrolimus in extra‐facial vitiligo: A comparative study
Authors: Esmat Samia M. , Gawdat Heba Ismail , Hegazy Rehab A. , Ahmed Farah Sayed , Said Eman Raafat 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundVitiligo is an acquired pigmentation disorder due to loss of melanocytes. Topical tacrolimus is effective in vitiligo treatment with minimal effect on extra‐facial lesions.ObjectiveTo assess different methods of enhancing the absorption of topical tacrolimus in extra‐facial vitiligo sites using microneedling and occlusion.MethodsThis study included 20 adult patients of both sexes with non‐segmental vitiligo. Four extra‐facial vitiligo lesions in each patient were randomly labeled A, B, C, and D and treated as follows: area A: tacrolimus ointment (0.03%) application twice/day, area B: microneedling once/week and tacrolimus ointment application directly after microneedling and twice/day the rest of the week, area C: microneedling once/week alone, and area D: tacrolimus ointment application twice/day under occlusion by polyethylene foil. The evaluation was done clinically by calculating the re‐pigmentation percent after 6 months of treatment.ResultsResponders in area B were 45%, and 35% in area C, and 25% in both areas A and D. No statistically significant difference was detected regarding the re‐pigmentation percent between the four areas (p > 0.05). No correlations were detected between re‐pigmentation percent and patientsˈ data.ConclusionCombination of microneedling and topical tacrolimus has an edge over monotherapy in vitiligo, and further studies are needed to verify such results.
The Inheritable Characteristics of Monoecy and Parthenogenesis Provide A Means for Establishing A Doubled Haploid Population in the Economically Important Brown Alga Undariapinnatifida (Laminariales, Alariaceae)
Authors: Shan Tifeng , Pang Shaojun , Wang Xuemei , Li Jing 
Published: February 2021

Monoecy and parthenogenesis exist in certain male and female gametophytes of the brown alga Undaria pinnatifida. The inheritance of these traits is not known. In this study, we made a cross between a male and a female gametophyte clone which could exhibit monoecy and parthenogenesis phenotypes, respectively, and obtained their next‐generation gametophyte offspring. We found that under conditions suitable for gametogenesis, all of the male offspring (n = 100) exhibited monoecy phenotype and all of the female offspring (n = 100) only formed oogonia and underwent parthenogenesis, suggesting that monoecy and parthenogenesis phenotypes are inheritable. Then, we established a doubled haploid (DH) population through monoecious selfing and parthenogenesis, and evaluated the young sporophyte growth and the maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) of 10 “male” and 10 “female” DH lines. On day 60, the average length of the “male” DH lines was significantly larger than that of the “female” DH lines, while their average Fv/Fm values were not significantly different. Monoecious selfing seemed superior to parthenogenesis as the sporophyte formation efficiency, and the young sporophyte growth was better in the former than in the latter. We also crossed two monoecious gametophytes with another male gametophyte, and a parentage analysis showed success of obtaining hybrid sporophytes, indicating that the female gametes released by the monoecious gametophyte can actually be fertilized by sperm. The approach of establishing a DH population proposed here will be useful in genetic breeding and quantitative trait loci mapping in U. pinnatifida and may be applicable to other kelp species.
Bioeconomic modeling of oyster farming in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Kamiyama Ryutaro , Miyata Tsutom , Takahashi Hideyuki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRational management is required for the profitability of the Japanese aquaculture industry and to promote investment in the industry. Although bioeconomic modeling could facilitate rational aquaculture management, it has not been applied in Japanese marine aquaculture. In the present study, we developed a bioeconomic model for oyster farming in Miyagi prefecture, Japan, and determined the optimal harvest schedules under labor constraints. Low, moderate, and high temperature scenarios were simulated to investigate the effects of changes in seawater temperature on farm productivity. Early initiation of harvest, particularly from late October or early November, achieved the maximum profit under the environmental and economic conditions in the present study. The moderate temperature scenario (current temperature conditions) had a high total profit (962,890 JPY) when harvest was initiated on October 29. The high temperature scenario had lower profits than the profits under current conditions, indicating that climate change could have adverse effects on oyster farming profitability in Miyagi prefecture.
Assessing the threats facing wetland mammals in India using an evidence‐based conservation approach
Authors: Chatterjee Arnab , Bhattacharyya Sabuj 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Environmental change and anthropogenic pressure are primary drivers of biodiversity loss, particularly in wetland ecosystems that have been modified significantly. Among wetland specialists, mammals may be particularly vulnerable to extinction. We aimed to increase understanding of threats and knowledge gaps faced by 11 mammal species inhabiting wetlands throughout India.

We adopted a systematic literature search protocol following an evidence‐based conservation approach to obtain information on conservation threats and identify knowledge gaps for each species. Each species received threat scores based on the occurrence and magnitude of ecological and anthropogenic threats, a score based on its International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List category, and a knowledge gap score. A cumulative conservation threat score based on the four individual scores was calculated for each species to assess overall conservation threats.

Only about 10% of the literature search results were relevant. Of the major research categories, ecology was the most well‐studied, whereas the impact of anthropogenic pressure on wetland mammals was the least studied. Pressing ecological and anthropogenic threats, scientific knowledge gaps, and conservation needs contributed to a high cumulative threat score for the sangai Rucervus eldii eldii (cumulative threat score = 34), followed by the wild Asian buffalo Bubalus arnee (threat score = 33) and the Bengal marsh mongoose Herpestes palustris (threat score = 32). Poaching/hunting, habitat loss due to development, and changes in land‐use practices were found to be the major anthropogenic threats resulting in decreasing population trends. We identified knowledge gaps concerning the ecology of wetland mammals (e.g. population abundance). It is essential that these knowledge gaps are filled for effective conservation planning.

We identified important areas (population ecology, disease ecology, human–wildlife conflict, changes in land use) that should be considered as research priorities for wetland mammals in India, in order to make conservation efforts more effective and enable management planning, to ensure the long‐term survival of these mammals.
Reasoning beyond belief acquisition
Authors: Drucker Daniel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractI argue that we can reason not only to new beliefs but to basically any change in attitude we can think of, including the abandonment of belief (contra John Broome), the acquisition of non‐belief attitudes like relief and admiration, and the elimination of the same. To argue for this position, which I call generalism, I defend a sufficient condition on reasoning, roughly that we can reason to any change in attitude that is expressed by the conclusion of an argument we can be convinced by. I then produce examples of such arguments, and argue that they are indeed arguments. To produce examples of the elimination of non‐doxastic attitudes, I develop the idea of a state of attitudinal constraint acceptance, and show how it is useful for solving this problem, and useful in other parts of philosophy as well.
The politics of neoliberalism in Latin America: dynamics of resilience and contestation
Authors: Rodríguez Juan Pablo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOver the last two decades, academic debates around neoliberalism in Latin America have shifted from evaluations of the drawbacks and virtues of the application of neoliberal policies for achieving socioeconomic development, towards discussions imagining and implementing alternatives. After thirty years of neoliberal reform, even neoliberal advocates have increasingly recognised the pernicious effects that the process of neoliberalization have had on people's lives. The fleeting left and centre‐left moment brought renewed hopes and expectations of a post‐neoliberal future. However, post‐neoliberal states could not solve the contradictions of neoliberalism and told us much about its resilience and adaptability. This article offers an overview of the dynamics of neoliberalism's resilience and contestation in Latin America as treated by extant literature as a way to account for the politics of neoliberalism in the region, its rise and its current status.
Pumping Patterns and Work Done During Peristalsis in Finite-Length Elastic Tubes
Authors: Acharya Shashank , Kou Wenjun , Halder Sourav , Carlson Dustin A. , Kahrilas Peter J. , Pandolfino John E. , Patankar Neelesh A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBalloon dilation catheters are often used to quantify the physiological state of peristaltic activity in tubular organs and comment on their ability to propel fluid which is important for healthy human function. To fully understand this system's behavior, we analyzed the effect of a solitary peristaltic wave on a fluid-filled elastic tube with closed ends. A reduced order model that predicts the resulting tube wall deformations, flow velocities, and pressure variations is presented. This simplified model is compared with detailed fluid–structure three-dimensional (3D) immersed boundary (IB) simulations of peristaltic pumping in tube walls made of hyperelastic material. The major dynamics observed in the 3D simulations were also displayed by our one-dimensional (1D) model under laminar flow conditions. Using the 1D model, several pumping regimes were investigated and presented in the form of a regime map that summarizes the system's response for a range of physiological conditions. Finally, the amount of work done during a peristaltic event in this configuration was defined and quantified. The variation of elastic energy and work done during pumping was found to have a unique signature for each regime. An extension of the 1D model is applied to enhance patient data collected by the device and find the work done for a typical esophageal peristaltic wave. This detailed characterization of the system's behavior aids in better interpreting the clinical data obtained from dilation catheters. Additionally, the pumping capacity of the esophagus can be quantified for comparative studies between disease groups.