bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regeneration of tropical montane cloud forests increases water yield in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: Teixeira Gabriela M. , Figueiredo Pablo H. A. , Salemi Luiz Felippe , Ferraz Silvio F. B. , Ranzini Mauricio , Arcova Francisco C. S. , de Cicco Valdir , Rizzi Nivaldo Eduardo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTropical montane cloud forests (TMCF) have paramount importance with regards to hydrological and ecological functions. Despite such importance in terms of water provision, they are one of the most endangered ecosystems on the planet. One important topic that is still unclear is related to TMCF regeneration: can it recover the hydrological function of such critical ecosystems? In the present paper, the hydrological effects of the natural regeneration of TMCF were examined. We selected three catchments with different degrees of TMCF, and we examined the relationship between the amount of TMCF over time and hydrological variables such as water yields and baseflow using a time series (1984–2011). Our results suggest that the increase in TMCF cover can contribute to increases in water yield. This pattern was found in a catchment with an increase of approximately 20% of forest cover. In catchments with TMCF increase lower than this threshold, water yield and flow path were influenced by hydroclimatic variables such as air temperature and rainfall. The effect of the reduction in water yield, in accordance with the increase in mean temperature, sheds light on possible consequences of climate change on ecosystem services produced in foggy environments. In light of these findings, aiming to increase the water yield, we recommend that regions frequently affected by fog are prioritized for forest restoration or conservation. To ensure significant effects, regeneration and/or successional development of TMCF has to reach at least 20% of a catchment area.
The allometry of locomotion
Authors: Cloyed Carl S. , Grady John M. , Savage Van M. , Uyeda Josef C. , Dell Anthony I. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOrganismal locomotion mediates ecological interactions and shapes community dynamics. Locomotion is constrained by intrinsic and environmental factors and integrating these factors should clarify how locomotion affects ecology across scales. We extended general theory based on metabolic scaling and biomechanics to predict the scaling of five locomotor performance traits: routine speed, maximum speed, maximum acceleration, minimum powered turn radius, and angular speed. To test these predictions, we used phylogenetically informed analyses of a new database with 884 species and found support for our quantitative predictions. Larger organisms were faster but less maneuverable than smaller organisms. Routine and maximum speeds scaled with body mass to 0.20 and 0.17 powers, respectively, and plateaued at higher body masses, especially for maximum speed. Acceleration was unaffected by body mass. Minimum turn radius scaled to a 0.19 power, and the 95% CI included our theoretical prediction, as we predicted. Maximum angular speed scaled higher than predicted but in the same direction. We observed universal scaling among locomotor modes for routine and maximum speeds but the intercepts varied; flying organisms were faster than those that swam or ran. Acceleration was independent of size in flying and aquatic taxa but decreased with body mass in land animals, possibly due to the risk of injury large, terrestrial organisms face at high speeds and accelerations. Terrestrial mammals inhabiting structurally simple habitats tended to be faster than those in complex habitats. Despite effects of body size, locomotor mode, and habitat complexity, universal scaling of locomotory performance reveals the general ways organisms move across Earth’s complex environments.
Loss of microRNA‐147 function alleviates synovial inflammation through ZNF148 in rheumatoid and experimental arthritis
Authors: Jiang Congshan , Wu Xiaoying , Li Xiaowei , Li Mengyao , Zhang Wentao , Tao Pei , Xu Jing , Ren Xiaoyu , Mo Lingfei , Guo Yuanxu , Wang Si , Geng Manman , Zhang Fujun , Tian Juan , Zhu Wenhua , Meng Liesu , Lu Shemin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMicroRNA‐147 (miR‐147) had been previously found induced in synoviocytes by inflammatory stimuli derived from T cells in experimental arthritis. This study was designed to verify whether loss of its function might alleviate inflammatory events in joints of experimental and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Dark Agouti (DA) rats were injected intradermally with pristane to induce arthritis, and rno‐miR‐147 antagomir was locally administrated into individual ankle compared with negative control or rno‐miR‐155‐5p antagomir (potential positive control). Arthritis onset, macroscopic severity, and pathological changes were monitored. While in vitro, gain or loss function of hsa‐miR‐147b‐3p/hsa‐miR‐155‐5p and ZNF148 was achieved in human synovial fibroblast cell line SW982 and RA synovial fibroblasts (RASF). The expression of miRNAs and mRNAs was detected by using RT‐quantitative PCR, and protein expression was detected by using Western blotting. Anti‐miR‐147 therapy could alleviate the severity, especially for the synovitis and joint destruction in experimental arthritis. Gain of hsa‐miR‐147b‐3p/hsa‐miR‐155‐5p function in TNF‐α stimulated SW982 and RASF cells could upregulate, in contrast, loss of hsa‐miR‐147b‐3p/hsa‐miR‐155‐5p function could downregulate the gene expression of TNF‐α, IL‐6, MMP3, and MMP13. Hence, such alteration could participate in synovial inflammation and joint destruction. RNAi of ZNF148, a miR‐147's target, increased gene expression of TNF‐α, IL‐6, MMP3, and MMP13 in SW982 and RASF cells. Also, mRNA sequencing data showed that hsa‐miR‐147b‐3p mimic and ZNF148 siRNA commonly regulated the gene expression of CCL3 and DEPTOR as well as some arthritis and inflammation‐related pathways. Taken together, miR‐147b‐3p contributes to synovial inflammation through repressing ZNF148 in RA and experimental arthritis.
New Strategies towards Bulky Bis(alkyl)‐ and Bis(silyl)‐ Substituted Polysilanes as Precursor Molecules for Desilylation and Dechlorination Experiments
Authors: Lainer Thomas , Pillinger Michael , Fischer Roland C. , Jones Cameron , Haas Michael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHerein we report on a series of bulky bis(alkyl)‐ and bis(silyl)‐ substituted polysilanes. Moreover, we performed desilylation and dechlorination experiments with them. These compounds were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and X‐ray crystallography. It was found that the selective formation of silyl mono‐ and di‐anions is crucial for the successful isolation of these polysilanes. Moreover, we utilized a multiple silyl abstraction methodology to obtain the spiro‐compounds 6 and 8. The latter was tested as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of bis(silyl)silylenes.
Diastereodivergent Synthesis of the Quinolizidine‐Indolizidine Alkaloids of the Leontidine/Camoensine Family
Authors: Wagner Stefan , Sigl Susanne , Schenkl Melanie , Breuning Matthias 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLeontidine and camoensine, the main representatives of the small quinolizidine‐indolizidine alkaloid subgroup, are characterized by an inner bispidine system to which a 2‐pyridone and a pyrrolidine are fused on opposite sides. We efficiently synthesized both natural products from the commercially available and abundant alkaloid cytisine, which was converted into the key intermediate, N‐Boc‐11‐oxocytisine, by iodine oxidation and protection. Grignard addition, Paal‐Knorr type cyclization, and hydrogenation delivered endo‐pyrrolidine fused leontidine, while the reversed reaction order, viz. reduction, Sakurai allylation, and ring closure, afforded exo‐pyrrolidine annulated camoensine. Hydrogenation and deoxygenation of the pyridone moieties provided four further alkaloids, tetrahydroleontidine, camoensidine, 11‐epileontidane and leontidane. In addition, the artificial alkaloid isoleontidine, carrying an endo‐fused pyrrolidine on the same side as the pyridone, was prepared from C‐13 oxidized cytisine.
Analysis and optimization of a nonlinear dual‐mode floor isolation system subjected to earthquake excitations
Authors: Bin Puthynan , Tehrani Mohammad H. , Nisa Mehrun , Harvey P. Scott , Taflanidis Alexandros A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFloor isolation systems (FISs) are used to mitigate earthquake‐induced damage to sensitive building contents. Dynamic coupling between the FIS and primary structure (PS) may be nonnegligible or even advantageous when strong nonlinearities are present under large isolator displacements. This study investigates the influence of dynamic coupling between the PS and FIS in the presence of nonsmooth (impact‐like) nonlinearity in the FIS under intense earthquakes. Using component mode analysis, a nonlinear reduced order model of the combined FIS–PS system is developed by coupling a condensed model of the linear PS to the nonlinear FIS. A bilinear Hertz‐type contact model is assumed for the FIS, with the gap and the impact stiffness and damping providing parametric variation. The performance of the FIS–PS system is quantified through a multiobjective, risk‐based design criterion considering both the total acceleration sustained by the isolated mass under a service‐level earthquake and the interstory drift under a maximum considered earthquake. The results of a parametric study shed light on understanding the valid range that the decoupled approach can be reliably applied for nonlinear FISs experiencing impacts. It is also shown that the nonlinear FIS can be tuned in such a way to mitigate seismic responses of the supporting PS under strong shaking, in addition to protecting the isolated mass at low to moderate shaking. The FIS, therefore, functions as a dual‐mode vibration isolator/absorber system, with displacement‐dependent response adaptation. Guidelines to the optimal tuning of such a dual‐mode system are presented based on the risk‐based stochastic design optimization.
Weather and children's time allocation
Authors: Nguyen Ha Trong , Le Huong Thu , Connelly Luke B 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the first causal estimates of the effect of weather on children's time allocation. It exploits exogenous variations in local weather observed during the random diary dates of two nationally representative cohorts of Australian children whose time‐use diaries were surveyed biennially over 10 years. Unfavorable weather conditions, as represented by cold or hot temperature or rain, cause children to switch activities from outdoors to indoors, mainly by reducing the time allocated to active pursuits and travel and increasing the time allocated to media. Furthermore, the effects of bad weather are more pronounced on weekends and for children with asthma. Our results also provide some evidence of adaptation, as temperature tends to have greater impact not only in winter months but also in colder regions. Our findings are robust to a wide range of sensitivity checks, including controlling for individual fixed effects and using alternative model specifications. Overall, the results suggest that extreme weather conditions may diminish children's health, development and long‐term achievements through their effects on children's time allocation.
Positive outcomes associated with the COVID‐19 pandemic in Australia
Authors: Cornell Samuel , Nickel Brooke , Cvejic Erin , Bonner Carissa , McCaffery Kirsten J. , Ayre Julie , Copp Tessa , Batcup Carys , Isautier Jennifer , Dakin Thomas , Dodd Rachael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIssue addressedTo investigate whether Australians have experienced any positive effects during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsNational online longitudinal survey. As part of a June 2020 survey, participants (n = 1370) were asked ‘In your life, have you experienced any positive effects from the COVID‐19 pandemic’ (yes/no) and also completed the World Health Organisation‐Five well‐being index. Differences were explored by demographic variables. Free‐text responses were thematically coded.ResultsNine hundred sixty participants (70%) reported experiencing at least one positive effect during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Living with others (P = .045) and employment situation (P < .001) at baseline (April) were associated with experiencing positive effects. Individuals working for pay from home were more likely to experience positive effects compared to those who were not working for pay (aOR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.32, 0.63, P < .001) or who were working for pay outside the home (aOR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.58, P < .001). 54.2% of participants reported a sufficient level of well‐being, 23.2% low well‐being and a further 22.6% very low well‐being. Of those experiencing positive effects, 945/960 (98%) provided an explanation. The three most common themes were ‘Family time’ (33%), ‘Work flexibility’ (29%) and ‘Calmer life’ (19%).ConclusionsA large proportion of participants reported positive effects resulting from changes to daily life due to the COVID‐19 pandemic in Australia.So whatThe needs of people living alone, and of those having to work outside the home or who are unemployed, should be considered by health policymakers and employers in future pandemic preparedness efforts.
Students as leaders in supporting campus well‐being: Peer‐to‐peer health promotion in higher education
Authors: Reis Arianne , Mortimer Taylor , Rutherford Erin , Sperandei Sandro , Saheb Rowena 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIssue addressedThis study aimed to analyse the relationship between peer‐delivered health promotion programmes and student well‐being and to expand the limited body of research examining peer‐to‐peer mental health promotion as experienced by student leaders.MethodsThe study was cross‐sectional and focused on the experience of participants of a Sydney‐based University Mental Health Day event, including student leaders, student participants, university staff and industry partners. It adopted a mixed‐method approach to data collection, including a quantitative and a qualitative phase.ResultsResults from the quantitative phase demonstrate the benefits of peer‐delivered health promotion programmes to students who receive the event. Results from the qualitative phase of the study provide a deeper insight into the delivery of the event, from both a student leader perspective, and also from the perspective of other stakeholders, who worked closely with student leaders. Two main themes emerged from the qualitative material and are explored in detail: enabling leadership and creating a sense of purpose.ConclusionThe study concludes that, while there is mounting evidence of the benefits of student‐led mental health programmes for both leaders and their peers, more research needs to be carried out to better understand how to optimise these experiences and unlock their full potential with reference to student mental health.So what?With the ongoing pressure on university student services to support student well‐being not being met with appropriate resourcing, peer‐to‐peer programmes, like the Mental Health and Well‐being Student Ambassador Programme, have a real opportunity to make strides in supporting and promoting student mental health.
The next three epochs: Health system challenges amidst and beyond the COVID‐19 era
Authors: Arora Anish K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has brought to light tremendous gaps and issues faced by health systems globally. Commendable effort has been made to retain continuity of care for non‐COVID‐19 patients amidst the pandemic, particularly using technology‐enhanced models of care. However, these efforts are not sufficient to tackle the impending challenges that health systems around the world will face next: (1) vaccine uptake and hesitancy; (2) a mental health crisis; and (3) post‐COVID‐19 migration. In this letter to the editor, explanation of why each of these issues is concerning and how each subsequent issue grows in severity is provided. Particular focus on the issue of post‐COVID‐19 migration is made, as this challenge is quite pressing to health systems but has yet to be explored thoroughly in the literature. Possible strategies for health system planners to consider are provided in this letter. Strategies include involving stakeholders such as patients and clinicians in deliberations and deployment of interventions, focussing efforts on adapting primary health systems, and building on technology‐enhanced models of care where possible. By adhering to the recommendations made in this letter, health systems may be able to proactively deal with the identified challenges before they become crises of their own, post COVID‐19.
Navigating tensions in rendering both career and psychosocial functions: An exploratory study of hybrid multiplex developmental relationships
Authors: Ghosh Rajashi , Nadkarni Sucheta 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study presents a different perspective on multiplex developmental relationships encompassing both career and psychosocial functions by highlighting the unique contradictions and coping mechanisms underlying these relationships. The in‐depth qualitative comparative case study analyses of 73 developmental relationships of 20 nascent technology entrepreneurs yielded four tensions: disclosure‐privacy, dependence‐independence, criticism‐confirmation and formality‐informality. Entrepreneurs and their developers addressed these tensions through four coping strategies: selection, moderation, reframing and separation. The exploratory analysis suggests that tensions are inherent features of developmental relationships. Co‐existence of nurturing and enriching aspects together with the dilemmas posed by the tensions seems to provide the impetus for developers and developees to mutually calibrate ways to cope with these tensions and enhance their developmental relationships. The implications of these nuanced findings are discussed for understanding developmental relationships constituting both career and psychosocial support functions needed for career advancement.
Groundwater contributions of flow and nitrogen in a headwater agricultural watershed
Authors: Redder Brian W. , Kennedy Casey D. , Buda Anthony R. , Folmar Gordon , Boyer Elizabeth W. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNonpoint sources of nitrogen (N) and other nutrients are a major source of water pollution within the Chesapeake Bay watershed and other basins around the world. Human activities associated with agricultural practices can account for a large percentage of N loadings delivered to streams and rivers. This work aims to improve understanding of N transport from groundwater to surface waters, quantifying the principal hydrological processes driving water and N fluxes into and out of a headwater agricultural stream reach. The study site is a 175‐m stream reach in a heavily cultivated 40‐ha watershed in east‐central Pennsylvania. This subwatershed is underlain by fractured shale bedrock, and receives most of its baseflow from groundwater, either by diffuse matrix discharge through the streambed or by localized discharge through riparian seeps. Samples of stream, seep, and shallow groundwater were collected approximately monthly under steady hydrologic conditions in 2017. Calculated matrix flow from hydraulic head and conductivity measurements paired with differential stream gauging was used to solve for the riparian seep flux using a mass balance approach. Riparian seep fluxes ranged from 45 to 217 m3/d, transporting 0.6–4.2 kg N d−1 of nitrate‐N from the fractured bedrock aquifer to the stream. Hydrochemical data suggest that the stream is mainly disconnected from the underlying aquifer and that seeps supply essentially all water and N to the system. Seeps are likely sourced with N in nearby agricultural fields and accelerated through the system with shorter residence times than shallow groundwater. Water isotope data reinforced this notion. This study underscores the importance of agriculture as a source of N to ground and surface waters. Identifying source areas that are causing groundwater enrichment of N and seep areas where N discharges to streams is beneficial for developing N pollution mitigation strategies and implementing management practices that aim to reduce nutrient loads to the Chesapeake Bay.
Pregnancies in women with moderate and severe pulmonary hypertension remain challenging: A single‐center experience in East China
Authors: Miao Huixian , Chen Yunyan , Wang Chuan , Huang Taotao , Lin Jianhua 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the outcomes in women with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and determine the factors related to adverse outcomes.MethodsData from 684 women with PH admitted to the Affiliated Renji Hospital from January 2001 to December 2020 were collected. Outcomes were compared based on the causes and severity of PH.ResultsThe overall mortality was 2.8%, decreasing from 6.6% in 2001–2005 to 1.7% in 2016–2020 (P = 0.10). Idiopathic PH had the highest mortality (35.3%) and the lowest live birth rate (82.4%). Mortality was similar between moderate and severe PH (5.3% versus 9.7%), but the live birth rate was much lower in severe PH (78.6% versus 89.9%). Hypoxemia and vaginal birth were risk factors of maternal death (odds ratio [OR] 35.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.42–878.75; OR 850.86, 95% CI 5.67–127 606.74, respectively). General anesthesia was a risk factor in the univariate analysis (OR 12.07, 95% CI 3.72–39.15) but was not significant in the multivariate analysis (P = 0.16).ConclusionThe mortality rate in this retrospective study was lower than that previously reported. Pregnancy is safe in mild PH but still has a high risk of complications in moderate and severe PH. Hypoxemia is a risk factor for maternal death, but cesarean section may be a protective factor.
Subsequent pregnancy outcome after uterine compression suture placement for postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: Subbaiah Murali , Chaturvedula Latha , Kubera Nichanahalli Siddappa , Raj Ashwini 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the subsequent obstetrical outcome in women who received a uterine compression suture.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of women who received a uterine compression suture for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) between January 2009 and December 2018 and had a subsequent pregnancy at a tertiary care hospital in India. Women who had PPH but did not receive uterine compression sutures and had a subsequent pregnancy were taken as controls.ResultsSixty‐two women had a subsequent pregnancy after uterine compression suture and were included in this study. There were no significant differences in the subsequent pregnancy outcome between the study and control groups. However, women with a history of uterine compression suture were found to have a higher incidence of dense omental adhesions (15% versus 2.8%; P < 0.001), more intrapartum blood loss (740.5 ± 491.8 ml versus 638.8 ± 194 ml; P = 0.02), and were more likely to need repeat uterine compression suture (6.7% versus 0%; P = 0.004).ConclusionWomen who received uterine compression sutures had similar obstetrical outcomes in their subsequent pregnancy compared with those who did not receive a suture for PPH management. However, they had a higher risk of dense omental adhesions, repeat uterine compression suture application, and intrapartum blood loss.