bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clarifying human agency in social systems, implications for large schools and workplaces and the Systems Thinking RoundTable
Authors: Gabriele Susan Farr 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to return to goals of systemic renewal and sustainable development by clarifying agency or causal factors in complex organizations. To begin this journey, we identify conflicts and flaws underlying common management theory and practice and then correct them using a wider knowledge base underpinned by general systems theory and relevant disciplines. Updated theory is that agency of organization behaviour is not in the leader, nor the employee, but in both. Each system member learns and performs according to their own willingness and ability, resulting in infinite variety. Thus, a provide/pickup paradigm is proposed. In other words, the leader's role is to provide input, resources and tasks; the learner/employee role is pickup of input, each at their own rate. The investigative journey complete, the Systems Thinking RoundTable is proposed to circumvent many of the challenges in modern social systems today—the ever‐increasing demands, the silo effect and the impact of the coronavirus pandemic.
A soil moisture‐based framework for guiding the number and location of soil moisture sensors in agricultural fields
Authors: Rossini Pedro R. , Ciampitti Ignacio Antonio , Hefley Trevor , Patrignani Andres 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSoil moisture information is a key variable for guiding in‐season management decisions in rainfed and irrigated agricultural systems. However, methods for deciding the number and location of soil moisture sensors (SMS) per field still remain poorly explored in the scientific literature. The goal of this study was to evaluate a quantitative framework based on soil moisture‐based management zones (MZs) to determine the minimum number and tentative deployment location of SMS. Multiple spatially intensive (n > 100 observations) surveys of near‐surface (0–12 cm) soil moisture were conducted during the fallow periods and early growing seasons of 2017, 2018, and 2019 on three agricultural fields using a calibrated handheld soil water reflectometer. The fuzzy C‐means (FCM) clustering method was used to delineate MZs based on the soil moisture surveys, and the silhouette clustering evaluation method was used to identify the optimal number of MZs per field. Then, a sensor location index that considered the distance to the MZ boundaries and the FCM membership grade was developed to identify the tentative optimal deployment location of SMS. The proposed method effectively identified field areas with distinct soil moisture regimes and revealed the complex soil moisture spatial patterns that were not captured with elevation or soil texture alone. Dividing the fields using soil moisture‐based MZ reduced the intrazone soil moisture spatial variability by about 50% compared with that of the entire field. In the three studied fields, a total of two SMS were sufficient to capture the salient soil moisture spatial regimes.
Continuous Functions in Hashimoto Topologies and Their Algebraic Properties
Authors: Bartoszewicz Artur , Filipczak Małgorzata , Terepeta Małgorzata 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the paper we consider the Hashimoto topologies on the interval $$[0,1]$$

[
0
,
1
]

as well as on $$\mathbb {R}$$
R
, which are connected with the natural topology on $$\mathbb {R}$$
R
and with some important and well known $$\sigma $$
σ
-ideals in $$\mathcal {P}(\mathbb {R})$$

P
(
R
)

. We study the families of continuous functions $$f:[0,1]\rightarrow \mathbb {R}$$

f
:
[
0
,
1
]
→
R

with respect to the same Hashimoto topology $$\mathcal {H}(\mathcal {I})$$

H
(
I
)

(connected with the $$\sigma $$
σ
-ideal $$\mathcal {I}$$
I
) on the domain and on the range of the considered functions. We show that inside common parts and differences of some such families we can find large ($$\mathfrak {c}$$
c
-generated) free algebras. Some of constructed algebras appear dense in the algebra of the functions which are continuous in the usual sense.
What can science fiction tell us about the future of artificial intelligence policy?
Authors: Hudson Andrew Dana , Finn Ed , Wylie Ruth 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper addresses the gap between familiar popular narratives describing Artificial Intelligence (AI), such as the trope of the killer robot, and the realistic near-future implications of machine intelligence and automation for technology policy and society. The authors conducted a series of interviews with technologists, science fiction writers, and other experts, as well as a workshop, to identify a set of key themes relevant to the near future of AI. In parallel, they led the analysis of almost 100 recent works of science fiction stories with AI themes to develop a preliminary taxonomy of AI in science fiction. These activities informed the commissioning of six original works of science fiction and non-fiction response essays on the themes of “intelligence” and “justice” that were published as part of the Slate Future Tense Fiction series in 2019 and 2020. Our findings indicate that artificial intelligence remains deeply ambiguous both in the policy and cultural contexts: we struggle to define the boundaries and the agency of machine intelligence, and consequently find it difficult to govern or interact with such systems. However, our findings also suggest more productive avenues of inquiry and framing that could foster both better policy and better narratives around AI.
Translates of rational points along expanding closed horocycles on the modular surface
Authors: Burrin Claire , Shapira Uri , Yu Shucheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe study the limiting distribution of the rational points under a horizontal translation along a sequence of expanding closed horocycles on the modular surface. Using spectral methods we confirm equidistribution of these sample points for any translate when the sequence of horocycles expands within a certain polynomial range. We show that the equidistribution fails for generic translates and a slightly faster expanding rate. We also prove both equidistribution and non-equidistribution results by obtaining explicit limiting measures while allowing the sequence of horocycles to expand arbitrarily fast. Similar results are also obtained for translates of primitive rational points.
Einstellung von Patienten zu möglicher Telemedizin in der Ophthalmologie
Authors: Zwingelberg Sarah B. , Mercieca Karl , Elksne Eva , Scheffler Stephanie , Prokosch Verena 
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die COVID-19-Pandemie im Jahr 2020 und 2021 schränkt die Versorgung augenärztlicher Patienten vielfach ein. Teleophthalmologische Leistungen wie Videokonsultation oder medizinische Telefonberatungen könnten den Mangel an notwendigen Kontrollen bei chronischen Erkrankungen, zumindest teilweise, kompensieren. Teleophthalmologische Angebote sind jedoch in Deutschland aktuell noch deutlich unterrepräsentiert.

Ziel der Arbeit
Um die Bereitschaft auf Patientenseite zur Telemedizin und virtuellen Klinik zu ermitteln, führten wir bei Patienten der Hochschulmedizin mit bekanntem Glaukom als chronische Erkrankung eine Umfrage mittels Fragebogen während der ersten Welle der COVID-19-Pandemie zum Thema Teleophthalmologie durch.

Methoden
Es wurden 100 Patienten befragt. Der Fragenkatalog beinhaltete 22 Fragen mit Mehrfachwahl-Antwortmöglichkeiten. Als Einschlusskriterium galten das Vorhandensein eines Glaukoms als chronische Erkrankung, Alter über 18 Jahre sowie eine ausreichende sprachliche Verständigung zur Beantwortung der Fragen. Die Daten wurden anonymisiert erhoben, analysiert und ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
In der Patientenumfrage konnte aufgezeigt werden, dass eine hohe Bereitschaft zur Teleophthalmologie bei den Befragten im Bereich des Glaukoms als chronische Erkrankung vorhanden ist und diese in Anspruch genommen werden würde; 74,0 % der Befragten würden Telemedizin und virtuelle Kliniken akzeptieren; 54,0 % der Befragten ophthalmologischen Patienten gab an, dass ihr Arzt‑/Klinikbesuch aufgrund von SARS-CoV‑2 nicht stattfinden konnte; 17,0 % der Patienten gaben an, dass sich durch die SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie ihre Meinung gegenüber der Telemedizin geändert hat.

Diskussion
Die Akzeptanz der Patienten für Telemedizin bei Patienten mit chronischem Offenwinkelglaukom scheint erstaunlich hoch. Diese ist durch die SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie noch weiter gesteigert worden. Diese Ergebnisse spiegeln eine generelle Bereitschaft bei Patienten mit chronischer Augenerkrankung wider, reflektieren jedoch nicht die Anwendbarkeit sowie die Akzeptanz aus ärztlicher Sicht. Diese Form der virtuellen Konsultation findet jedoch bei einem Großteil der Patienten mit Glaukom Akzeptanz und könnte überdacht werden.
Psychological distress prior to surgery is related to symptom burden and health status in lung cancer survivors
Authors: Linares-Moya Marta , Rodríguez-Torres Janet , Heredia-Ciuró Alejandro , Granados-Santiago María , López-López Laura , Quero-Valenzuela Florencio , Valenza Marie Carmen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Purpose
Patients with lung cancer experience a variety of distressing symptoms which could adversely affect quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine whether psychological distress prior to surgery is associated to health status and symptom burden in lung cancer survivors.

Methods
A longitudinal observational study with 1‐year follow‐up was carried out. Health status was measured by the WHO Disability Assessment Scale (WHO-DAS 2.0), the Euroqol-5 dimensions (EQ-5D) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Symptoms severity included dyspnoea (Multidimensional Profile of Dyspnoea); pain (Brief Pain Inventory); fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale); and cough (Leicester Cough Questionnaire).

Results
One hundred seventy-four lung cancer patients were included. Patients in the group with psychological distress presented a worse self-perceived health status, functionality and sleep quality. The group with psychological distress also presented higher dyspnoea, fatigue and pain.

Conclusion
Patients with psychological distress prior surgery present with a greater symptom burden and a poorer self-perceived health status, lower functionality and sleep quality, than patients without distress 1 year after the lung resection.
Infringers’ willingness to pay compensation versus fines
Authors: Desmet Pieter T. M. , Weber Franziska 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn many areas such as consumer law or competition law, legislators can opt between two alternative forms of sanctions to remedy wrongdoing: they can impose an infringer to pay either a fine or a compensation. There is a major research gap regarding the infringers’ reactions to the different forms of sanctions. This paper reports an experiment that investigated infringers’ willingness to pay compensation versus fines. Results show that regardless of victim characteristics (whether the victim is a company or an NGO), infringers are willing to pay higher amounts in compensation than in fines, view compensation as more fair and believe compensation is better able to restore their reputation. Compensation and fines did not differ in the extent to which they stimulated infringers’ willingness to take precautionary measures. Participants who inflicted harm to a company rather than an NGO, surprisingly viewed their sanction as more fair, irrespective of the type of sanction in place. Our findings highlight some important strengths of compensation from a infringer’s point of view that are to be weighed in the policy debate.
Monitoring postoperative lung recovery using electrical impedance tomography in post anesthesia care unit: an observational study
Authors: Hochhausen Nadine , Kapell Torsten , Dürbaum Martin , Follmann Andreas , Rossaint Rolf , Czaplik Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWith electrical impedance tomography (EIT) recruitment and de-recruitment phenomena can be quantified and monitored at bedside. The aim was to examine the feasibility of EIT with respect to monitor atelectasis formation and resolution in the post anesthesia care unit (PACU). In this observational study, 107 postoperative patients were investigated regarding the presence and recovery of atelectasis described by the EIT-derived parameters Global Inhomogeneity Index (GI Index), tidal impedance variation (TIV), and the changes in end-expiratory lung impedance (ΔEELI). We examined whether the presence of obesity (ADP group) has an influence on pulmonary recovery compared to normal weight patients (NWP group). During the stay at PACU, measurements were taken every 15 min. GI Index, TIV, and ΔEELI were calculated for each time point. 107 patients were monitored and EIT-data of 16 patients were excluded for various reasons. EIT-data of 91 patients were analyzed off-line. Their length of stay averaged 80 min (25th and 75th quartile 52–112). The ADP group demonstrated a significantly higher GI Index at PACU arrival (p < 0.001). This finding disappeared during their stay at the PACU. Additionally, the ADP group showed a significant increase in ΔEELI between PACU arrival and discharge (p = 0.025). Furthermore, TIV showed a significantly lower value during the first 90 min of PACU stay as compared to the time period thereafter (p = 0.036). Our findings demonstrate that obesity has an influence on intraoperative atelectasis formation and de-recruitment during PACU stay. The application of EIT in spontaneously breathing PACU patients seems meaningful in monitoring pulmonary recovery.
The interpretation and distribution of temporal focus particles
Authors: Neeleman Ad , van de Koot Hans 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAmong the scalar usages ofonly, there is one that has a temporal dimension. InCarla understood the problem only on Sunday, for instance, Sunday is considered late for Carla to have understood the problem. In this paper, we explore the interpretation and distribution of temporalonlyalong with other focus particles that permit a temporal reading. We focus on the Dutch counterpart of temporalonly,pas(see Barbiers 1995). This particle is formally distinct from both exclusiveonly(alleen) and non-temporal scalaronly(maar). We concentrate on two core issues. The first concerns the observation that temporal focus particles systematically support two modes of interpretation, a purely temporal one and a lack-of-progress reading. The latter is found in an example likeBilly has only read three books(so far), which implies that three is a low number of books for Billy to have read at the reference time. The second issue concerns ‘Barbiers’s Generalization,’ the requirement that temporal focus particles immediately c-command the category they interact with. We propose a semantic analysis that captures these observations, building on previous work by König (1979, 1981), Löbner (1989), Krifka (2000) and Klinedinst (2004), among others.
Anytime parallel tempering
Authors: Marie d’Avigneau Alix , Singh Sumeetpal S. , Murray Lawrence M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDeveloping efficient MCMC algorithms is indispensable in Bayesian inference. In parallel tempering, multiple interacting MCMC chains run to more efficiently explore the state space and improve performance. The multiple chains advance independently through local moves, and the performance enhancement steps are exchange moves, where the chains pause to exchange their current sample amongst each other. To accelerate the independent local moves, they may be performed simultaneously on multiple processors. Another problem is then encountered: depending on the MCMC implementation and inference problem, local moves can take a varying and random amount of time to complete. There may also be infrastructure-induced variations, such as competing jobs on the same processors, which arises in cloud computing. Before exchanges can occur, all chains must complete the local moves they are engaged in to avoid introducing a potentially substantial bias (Proposition 1). To solve this issue of randomly varying local move completion times in multi-processor parallel tempering, we adopt the Anytime Monte Carlo framework of (Murray, L. M., Singh, S., Jacob, P. E., and Lee, A.: Anytime Monte Carlo. arXiv preprintarXiv:1612.03319, (2016): we impose real-time deadlines on the parallel local moves and perform exchanges at these deadlines without any processor idling. We show our methodology for exchanges at real-time deadlines does not introduce a bias and leads to significant performance enhancements over the naïve approach of idling until every processor’s local moves complete. The methodology is then applied in an ABC setting, where an Anytime ABC parallel tempering algorithm is derived for the difficult task of estimating the parameters of a Lotka–Volterra predator-prey model, and similar efficiency enhancements are observed.
A Simplified Methodology for Optimal Location and Setting of Valves to Improve Equity in Intermittent Water Distribution Systems
Authors: Gullotta Aurora , Campisano Alberto , Creaco Enrico , Modica Carlo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a simplified methodology to increase the water distribution equity in existing intermittent water distribution systems (WDSs) is presented. The methodology assumes to install valves in the water distribution network with the objective to re-arrange the flow circulation, thus allowing an improved water distribution among the network users. Valve installation in the WDS is based on the use of algorithms of sequential addition (SA). Two optimization schemes based on SA were developed and tested. The first one allows identifying locations of gate valves in order to maximize the global distribution equity of the network, irrespectively of the local impact of the valves on the supply level of the single nodes. Conversely, the second scheme aims to maximize the global equity of the network by optimizing both location and setting (opening degree) of control valves, to include the impact of the new flow circulation on the supply level of each node. The two optimization schemes were applied to a case study network subject to water shortage conditions. The software EPA Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was used for the simulations in the wake of previous successful applications for the analysis of intermittent water distribution systems. Results of the application of the SA algorithms were also compared with those from the literature and obtained by the use of the multi-objective Non-Dominated Sorted Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA II). The results show the high performance of SA algorithms in identifying optimal position and settings of the valves in the WDS. The comparison pointed out that SA algorithms are able to perform similarly to NSGA II and, at the same time, to reduce significantly the computational effort associated to the optimization process.
The rate of convergence on fractional power dissipative operator on some sobolev type spaces
Authors: Cao Zhen-bin , Wang Meng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn [3], Chen, Deng, Ding and Fan proved that the fractional power dissipative operator is bounded on Lebesgue spaces Lp(ℝn), Hardy spaces Hp(ℝn) and general mixed norm spaces, which implies almost everywhere convergence of such operator. In this paper, we study the rate of convergence on fractional power dissipative operator on some sobolev type spaces.
Low prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in patients with long-term type 1 diabetes and current good glycemic control - one-center retrospective assessment
Authors: Surowiec Paulina , Matejko Bartłomiej , Kopka Marianna , Filemonowicz-Skoczek Agnieszka , Klupa Tomasz , Cyganek Katarzyna , Romanowska-Dixon Bożena , Malecki Maciej T. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Despite progress in type 1 diabetes (T1DM) therapy, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is still a common complication. We analysed predictors and prevalence of DR in patients with T1DM lasting 10 years or more. All of the patients were considered to be currently in excellent glycemic control and treated using modern therapies.

Methods
Study included 384 (80.7% women) T1DM patients participating in the Program of Comprehensive Outpatient Specialist Care at the University Hospital in Krakow between the years 2014 and 2020. A retrospective analysis of medical records was conducted.

Results
The patients were on average 34 ± 9.2 years old, had a BMI 25.0 ± 3.9 and a T1DM duration of 20.5 ± 7.9 years. The mean level of HbA1c throughout the follow-up (mean duration 4.9 ± 1.4 years) was 6.9 ± 1%. The group included 238 (62.0%) patients treated with insulin pumps and 99 (25.8%) on multiple daily injections, 47 (12.2%) used both methods; almost all patients were on insulin analogues. DR was confirmed in 150 (39.1%) patients, from which 109 (28.4%) were diagnosed de novo. Severe DR was occurred in just 31 cases (8.1%). In the multivariate logistic regression, independent risk factors for the presence of DR were T1DM duration (OR 1.13; 95% CI, 1.09–1.19), HbA1c level (OR 1.41; 95% CI, 1.08–1.84), LDL level (OR 1.79; 95% CI, 1.16–2.87), and the combined presence of non-DR micro- and macrovascular chronic complications (OR 1.86; 95% CI, 1.16–3.03).

Conclusions
In this highly-selected group of T1DM patients, mostly female, the prevalence of both DR at any stage and severe DR was lower than earlier reported results from other cohorts. Independent risk factors for the DR cohort did not differ from previously reported studies.
Conservation perspectives of small-scale private forest owners in Europe: A systematic review
Authors: Tiebel Malin , Mölder Andreas , Plieninger Tobias 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrivate forest owners are the main forest ownership group within Europe, and important conservation values have been found on their land. Yet, small plot sizes, societal heterogeneity, and structural changes impede developing and implementing effective conservation programs in private forests. We present a systematic literature review focusing on small-scale private forest owners and their perspectives on nature conservation by synthesizing research approaches, social-ecological drivers, and policy recommendations. Conservation perspectives were positively related to female gender, higher levels of education, formalized forest management, an active relation to the forest, and ecological values of the property. In contrast, high age, rural orientation, economic forest management factors, large parcel size, and economic and sentimental property values negatively influenced conservation perspectives. Applying a natural resource conflict management framework, we synthesized recommendations covering three dimensions: substance, procedure, relationship. Considering perspectives of small-scale private forest owners in current forestry decision-making has great potential to strengthen sustainable forest management that integrates nature conservation and resource use.