bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Removal of Cured Urea-Formaldehyde Adhesive towards Sustainable Medium Density Fiberboard Production: A Review
Authors: Lubis Muhammad Adly Rahandi , Manohar Sumit Yaday , Laksana Raden Permana Budi , Fatriasari Widya , Ismayati Maya , Falah Faizatul , Solihat Nissa Nurfajrin , Sari Fahriya Puspita , Hidayat Wahyu 
Published: January 2021

Medium density fiberboard (MDF) is an engineered wood product that has density and specific gravity similar to solid wood, ranging from 600 to 800 kg/m3 of density and 0.6 to 0.8 of specific gravity. This makes MDF suitable to partially replace solid wood, particularly for interior application. Approximately over than 100 million m3 of MDF are produced in 2020, resulting in a large amount of waste MDF will be generated in the next 20 years. MDF is produced using urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins adhesive. UF resins adhesive is a poly-condensation product of urea and formaldehyde via an alkaline acid two-step reaction. Sustainable MDF production is required as the world is facing climate change and deforestation. Recycling is a way to support sustainable production in the engineered wood products manufacturing. Many attempts have been done to find ways to recycle waste MDF. The main problem is UF resins, which bond the MDF panel fibers. In order to re-manufacture the waste MDF into new recycled MDF, UF resins should be eliminated from the waste MDF before being used. The presence of UF resins in MDF can interfere with the utilization of the recycled fibers, whether it will be used as a raw material for new MDF or other composite products. This paper reviews the process of removal of cured UF resins from waste MDF panel by considering the hydrolytic stability of cured UF resins for MDF recycling, providing a comprehensive review of how cured UF resins can be removed from waste MDF and characterization of recycled fibers obtained from recycling prior to re-manufacturing of recycled MDF panel.Keywords: hydrolysis, medium density fiberboard, resin, recycling, resin removal, urea-formaldehyde
Household Livelihood Strategy Based on Capital Assets in Fire-Prone Areas, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, South Sumatra
Authors: Nurlia Ari , Purnama Dadang Hikmah , Kadir Sabaruddin 
Published: January 2021

Forest and land fires are problems that have not been resolved and occur almost every year. Various policies related to forest and land fires began to be promoted nationally and have restricted communities in managing their land. This causes a vulnerability in society. Farmers are required to carry out various methods and strategies to overcome economic problems. This research aims to analyze the livelihood assets and livelihood strategies of farmer households. The study was conducted from February to June 2020 in Pulu Beruang Village, Tulung Selapan Sub-District, and Kayu Labu Village, Pedamaran Timur Sub-District, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency. This research is a survey research using a mixed sequential explanatory approach by using the triangulation principle.The quantitative data collection is done through a household survey using a questionnaire to 75 respondents in Pulu Beruang Village and 70 respondents in Kayu Labu Village.Qualitative data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), and field observation. The results showed that Pulu Beruang Village had a greater asset score in human capital and financial capital. In comparison, Kayu Labu Village had a greater score in natural capital. Physical capital and social capital in both villages had scores that were not distinctly different. Hence, they did not have a different effect on community resilience. Livelihood assets owned by the community influence their household livelihood strategies. The household livelihood strategy in Pulu Beruang Village uses human capital and financial capital, agricultural sector and non-agriculture, especially trading, and swallow’s nest business. Meanwhile, the livelihood strategies of farmers’ households in Kayu Labu Village rely on their natural capital and agricultural sectors, such as fisheries and purun crafts.Keywords: forest and land fires, livelihood asset, livelihood strategies
Antimicrobial Activity of Ten Extractives from Toba, North Sumatra and Mt. Merapi National Park Regions, Indonesia
Authors: Ismayati Maya , Zulfiana Deni , Himmi Setiawan Khoirul , Tarmadi Didi , Meisyara Dita , Zulfitri Apriwi , Kartika Titik 
Published: January 2021

Investigating beneficial chemical compounds of plant extracts is one of the ways to prevent biodiversity loss. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of indigenous plant extracts from Toba, North Sumatra, and Mt. Merapi National Park regions against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Candida tropicalis by calculating the zone of microbial growth inhibition. Among the plant extracts, T5 that identified asToona sinensisshowed the highestmicrobial inhibitionto the growth of C. albicans, B. subtilis, S. typhi, and E. coli with the diameter growth of approximately 2.00, 1.80, 1.33, and 1.33 cm, respectively. Based on those results, T. sinensis was thensubsequently fractionated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol, respectively.The resulted fractions also were evaluated for antimicrobial bioassay. All fractions have shown activity in inhibiting the growth of the microbes at 1% concentration. However, each fraction showedgrowth inhibition against certain microbes. The n-hexane fraction showed the greatest inhibitory activity for E. coli and S. typhi; ethyl acetate fraction for B. subtilis and C. albicans; and methanol fraction for E. coli and S. typhi. The results revealed that T. sinensis plant extract has great potential asan antimicrobial agent. Further investigation is needed to observe the mode of antimicrobial action of fractionated crude extracts of T. Sinensis. The exploring potency of Indonesian biodiversity opened up a new way for the utilization of plants for economic development and conservation.Keywords: antimicrobial plants, indigenous knowledge, Toba-North Sumatra, Mt. Merapi
Postmenopausal Bleeding: An Update
Authors: Ara Nasreen Shaikh Zinnat , Mahjabeen Nusrat , Shahreen Safinaz 
Published: January 2021

The clinical approach to postmenopausal bleeding requires prompt and efficient evaluation to exclude or diagnose endometrial carcinoma and endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia and to find out the real source. Postmenopausal bleeding is ‘endometrial cancer until proven otherwise’, although only 1-14% of such patients will actually have cancer. Clinical risk factors of endometrial carcinoma such as obesity, unopposed estrogen use, polycystic ovary syndrome, diabetes mellitus and family history of gynaecologic malignancy also should be considered during evaluation. Postmenopausal bleeding usually attributed to an intrauterine source, but it may arise from the cervix, vagina, vulva or fallopian tubes & ovaries. The origin of bleeding can also involve non-gynaecologic sites, such as the urethra, bladder, anus/rectum/bowel, or perineum.
Meticulous history and thorough physical examination are must. Initial evaluation is by TVS, if endometrial thickness (ET) is <4mm no further evaluation is required but follow up consultation must. If ET is> 4mm, hysteroscopic evaluation and endometrial sampling is recommended
Blind endometrial sampling is not accurate as only reveals when endometrial cancer exceeds more than 50% of the endometrial surface area so may be done if hysteroscopic evaluation is not possible. Higher dose of progesterone may be required for endometrial protection when higher doses of estradiol as hormone replacement therapy are used, or in women with high BMI. Unopposed estrogen therapy is associated with a duration and dose-related increase in risk of endometrial hyperplasia and cancer. Endometrial protection requires an adequate dose and duration of progestogen. Endometrial hyperplasia with atypia has much malignant potential but endometrial hyperplasia without atypia may be managed medically with 3 monthly endometrial sampling, if no regression or further progression hysterectomy is the choice of treatment. Finally, patient counseling with discussion of risks /benefits of different options of treatment modalities is the cornerstone of success of addressing postmenopausal bleeding.
The Association of a Floating Elbow and a Homolateral Dislocated Floating Shoulder (About a Case)
Authors: Sidi El Hacen , Rkiba Zakaria , El Kassimi Charafeddine , Rafai Mohamed , Garch Abdelhak 
Published: January 2021

The floating elbow is a rare lesion, characterized by the presence of a fracture of the humerus and one or both bones of the homolateral forearm. Double disturbances of the upper suspensory shoulder complex, commonly referred to as “floating shoulder” injuries, are ipsilateral fractures of the clavicle and scapula with loss of bone attachment of the glenoid. The combination of a floating elbow and floating shoulder is extremely rare, added an ipsilateral dislocation of the glenohumeral remains exceptional. No case has been reported in the literature of such a lesional association. This observation makes it possible to describe an extremely rare lesion, by proposing the therapeutic attitude and the prognosis.
Elective Repair of Adult Abdominal Wall Hernia: A Nigerian Tertiary Hospital Experience
Authors: Ray-Offor Emeka , Okeke Chidi Joshua 
Published: January 2021

Background: Hernia repair is one of the most common procedures performed by general surgeons, mostly in an elective setting. The true incidence/prevalence of hernias in Nigeria is unknown, however, suture (tissue) repair is predominantly reported.
Aims: To study the distribution of adult abdominal wall hernia and the surgical and anaesthetic techniques for elective repair in a Nigerian tertiary hospital.
Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study of surgical patients undergoing elective abdominal wall hernia repair in University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital Nigeria from January 2009 to December 2014. Data extracted from the theatre records were patients’ demographic, type of hernia, repair technique, anaesthesia, operating time, and cadre of performing surgeon. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.
Results: A total of 400 adult patients had elective repair of abdominal wall hernias during study period. The age range was from 17- 85 years (mean 39.3 ± 6.0) and M: F ratio of 1.9:1. There were 287(70.9%) inguinal, 43(10.6%) incisional and 36(8.9%) epigastric hernias. Mesh repair was recorded in 11(2.7%) cases with laparoscopic technique in 2 cases. Subarachnoid block was the choice anaesthesia in 365(85.4%) cases. The least mean operating time (38.6 mins) recorded was in repair of femoral hernia and longest (105.3mins) with incisional hernia repair.
Conclusions: Suture repair is the predominant repair technique. Routine hernioplasty and laparoscopic hernia repair need to be encouraged.
Complete Stenosis of the Uretero Vesical Junction in Urogenital Tuberculosis: Management and Evolution
Authors: Elidrissi O. , Rkik M. , Bai W. , Ghannam Y. , Dakir M. , Debbagh A. , Aboutaieb R. 
Published: January 2021

Urogenital tuberculosis continues to be a major health problem around the world due to the epidemic of HIV infection.
We report the case of a 40-year-old patient followed for urogenital tuberculosis and who presented during her follow-up a complication of her disease type ureteral stenosis, managed by endoscopic route.
We try through our work to focus on the value of surveillance after anti-bacillary treatment in order to watch for complications and act in an innocuous way.
The Association of Clinical Characteristics and Lifestyle Habits with Poor Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Marjanović Marijan , Đido Vedran , Bralić Lang Valerija , Martinović Željko , Ovčina Amer 
Published: January 2021

Background: The goal of this paper is to explore clinical characteristics and lifestyle habits in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and their association with poor glycemic control.
Material and Methods: Total of 541 subjects of over 40 years of age with type 2 diabetes mellitus of both genders were included in the study. Anthropometric measurement, glucose level in plasma, HbA1c, triglycerides, AST, ALT, creatinine and eGFR were collected at the time of study entry and patients were asked to fill out the questionnaire on lifestyle habits.
Results: Patients with elevated triglyceride and LDL cholesterol levels, alcohol consumers and smokers were more likely to have poorly controlled glycaemia.
Conclusions: Our study showed a significant impact of patient characteristics to poor glycemic control. Physician activities to reduce cholesterol, triglyceride levels and improve lifestyle habits in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus will result in better glycemic control.
Children’s Problem Behaviour and Their Effect on Class Activities in Early Childhood Centres of Effutu Municipality
Authors: Oppong Frimpong Samuel , Gyapong Mark 
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the study was to examine the prevailing children’s problem behaviour and their effects on class activities in pre-schools in Effutu Municipality of Ghana. The study adopted the concurrent mixed methods design. Data were collected through a semi-structured interview schedule and questionnaire. The stratified random sampling technique was used to aid the selection of 15 schools from the Municipality. Simple random sampling was used to select 45 respondents from schools to respond to the questionnaire and purposive sampling was used to sample 15 participants for the qualitative data. The quantitative data was analysed using frequencies and percentages while the qualitative data were analysed thematically. It emerged from the study that the predominant types of children’s problem behaviour which teachers encountered were; aggression, non-compliance, destructiveness, refusal to take instruction and intentional destruction of property. Among the effects of the problem behaviours the study revealed were inattention from class activity thereby impeding participation in academic activities; breeding of social exclusion from peers, the behaviour challenges resulting in violent actions (behaviour) and other misbehaviour against others. Based on the findings, it is recommended that Effutu Municipal Assembly, Winneba Educational Directorate and the headteachers from the selected schools for the study should organize programmes in collaboration with the early childhood unit on how to cope, prevent and deal with problem behaviour and its effects to ease the burden of parents and teachers and also help the learners to benefit from their academic activities. Early childhood education teachers should also make changes to their lesson delivery strategies by asking learners to read out loud, and by actively engaging the supposed disruptive learners more often to improve their concentration and class participation.
A Review on Historical Aspects of Critical Pedagogy
Authors: Singh Raj Kishor 
Published: January 2021

This paper makes a review of inventory and application of critical pedagogy in education sector, in particular, and also in general practices of critical thinking, skepticism, decision making process, etc. Critical pedagogy as a concept originated and developed in academia, for development of critical mind of learners. Education broadens the students’ views of reality. Education is transformative, bringing all kinds of changes in human mind, as well as in the society and the nation. Education makes students critical and skeptical on the issues which are frequent in their daily life. Therefore, all kinds of social, cultural, economical and political issues are solved by critical mind of the learners. Education must be democratic in nature and system. People in power make education system in their own favour, dominating the powerless people. Therefore, education is political. Those who participate in critical pedagogy resist the constraints that those in power impose on them. Critical pedagogy can be applied in all faculties and subjects like music, economics, mathematics, sociology, political science, English language teaching, English literature teaching, and so on. Teachers also must be qualified with the critical pedagogy approach. They must be confident with the knowledge and skills for applying Freire’s methods of teaching effectively in the classroom. They must be critical thinkers, self-reflective, culturally conscious for the pedagogical situation to enhance students’ understanding of the world.
The major purpose of this review is to point out the effectiveness of critical pedagogy in education and in general. After teachers’ role in critical pedagogy, knowledge of the language and of the world, consciousness or ‘conscientization’, power resistance, value judgments, perception of reality and truth, empowerment, transformation, decision making skills, critical thinking, skepticism, negotiation, problem posing and solving, and many other aspects of learning in critical pedagogy are explained in this review paper.
The Concomitant Subversion of the Gender Binary through the Assertion of Transgender Identity: A Study of Manobi Bandyopadhyay’s A Gift of Goddess Lakshmi
Authors: Anita V S 
Published: January 2021

In their attempt at gender identity assertion, the transgendered simultaneously subvert the gender binary norm. The reclamation of one’s gender identity aids the transgender individual to correct the biological mishap that results in a female psyche trapped in a male body and vice versa. The intense psychological conflict and the horrific transphobic violence from family and society, often drives the transgendered to suicide. Lisa R Miller and Eric Anthony Grollman in “The Social Costs of Gender Non-Conformity for Transgender Adults: Implications for Discrimination and Health” claim that the 2008 NTDS (the National Transgender Discrimination Survey) proves that frequent stigmatization and assault often drives the identity minorities towards substance abuse, alcoholism and/or suicide (Sociological, 826). However, the accomplishment of gender identity transforms the hitherto diffident individual to express oneself fully and articulate his/her personality in its entirety. Manobi Bandyopadyay’s A Gift of Goddess Lakshmicharts her struggle to become the woman in her mind in the face of ridicule and harassment from the academic circle. Her determination and persistence to assert herself paved her way to become the first transgender principal in India. Therefore it may be assumed that the subversion of normative dichotomy of gender results in the establishment of the transgendered’s true gender, which assists in the expression of one’s personality.
Restructuration Fatty Acid Oil Castor Being Cocoa Butter Substitute Through Dehydration Reaction Castor Oil And This Interesterification With Coconut Oil
Authors: Sirait Ribka J , Sitorus Marham 
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this research to restructuring its acid fatty oils castor result of dehydration with coconut oil through the process interesterification to produce cocoa butter substitute (CBS). Coconut oil is obtained from coconut milk by heating it slowly over low heat. The resulting coconut oil has a FFA is 1.667%, a peroxide is 10.229 MekO2 / Kg and an iodine is 7,7080 gI2/100g, which meets the second quality standard according to SNI 01-3741-2002. The restructuring was carried out by interesterification of dehydrated castor oil with coconut oil with a ratio (50:50); (60:40); (70:30); (80:20) dan(90:10)with a NaOCH3 catalyst. The results showed that the interesterification of dehydrated castor oil with coconut oil with a ratio (50:50) was the most optimal ratio with a melting point of 33 oC which corresponds to cocoa oil (32 oC-35 oC) and contain omega-6 fats (linoleic acid).
Estimating the Reliability Function of some Stress- Strength Models for the Generalized Inverted Kumaraswamy Distribution
Authors: Hamad Hakeem Hussain , Karam Nada Sabah 
Published: January 2021

This paper discusses reliability of the stress-strength model. The reliability functions ð‘…1 and ð‘…2 were obtained for a component which has an independent strength and is exposed to two and three stresses, respectively. We used the generalized inverted Kumaraswamy distribution GIKD with unknown shape parameter as well as known shape and scale parameters. The parameters were estimated from the stress- strength models, while the reliabilities ð‘…1, ð‘…2 were estimated by three methods, namely the Maximum Likelihood, Least Square, and Regression.
A numerical simulation study a comparison between the three estimators by mean square error is performed. It is found that best estimator between the three estimators is Maximum likelihood estimators.
The Effect of Financial Compensation and Work Pressure on Employees’ Performance through Job Satisfaction
Authors: Akhyar Muhammad , Pahlevi Cepi , Taba Muhammad Idrus 
Published: January 2021

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of financial compensation and work pressure on the performance of employees through job satisfaction in DGT Regional office of South, West and South-East Sulawesi. Data was collected by a survey method, using questionnaire instruments created by Google Form platform and distributed to all civil servants of DGT Regional office of South, West and South-East Sulawesi and are grouped into five clusters. Of the 1,701 employee population, there were 352 employees who responded. Data is then analyzed using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) with the help of the SPSS AMOS application. The results showed that financial compensation and work pressure have a significant positive effect on job satisfaction. Interestingly, both variables, financial compensation and work pressure, did not show a significant effect on employees’ performance. Job satisfaction has a significant positive effect on employees’ performance.