bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OBSTRUCTION OF THE INFERIOR VENA CAVA IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: Kaufman Stephen 
Published: December 2021

FORTY-THREE cases of obstruction of the inferior vena cava in childhood have been found in a search of the English literature, more than one-half of them collected by Pleasants in 1911 (Table I). Of the total cases, 13 survived the disease; 9 of these were congenital in origin. Only three had demonstration of the obstruction by venography; of these, two were congenital and did not reveal any deep collateral circulation. The most common factors in the etiology were infection, congenital obliteration of the inferior vena cava with anomalous drainage, and thrombus or invasion of the vessel by a malignant tumor (Table II). Sequelae varied with the particular etiology of the obstruction, the acuteness of onset, the location, and the rapidity of its progression (Table III).
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
The most common symptoms of this condition are found to be inconstant pain generally referred to the lumbar area, edema of the legs when the iliac veins are also obstructed, and the presence of superficial collateral circulation. Ascites, jaundice hemorrhoids and splenomegaly are uncommon and dilated superficial veins do not appear unless other deep veins are also obstructed. Marked albuminuria or oliguria which was not present previously may suggest the progression of the process to involve the renal vein. Almost complete anuria may supervene before adequate collateral circulatory adjustment takes place.
When the lower third of the inferior vena cava is obstructed, collateral circulation is usually evident in the groin, abdomen and flank. Albuminuria is rare, edema of the abdominal wall is unusual, and edema of the legs is usually absent unless there is concomitant obstruction of the iliac vein.
The Treatment and Prevention of Reading Problems: The Neuro-psychological Approach
Authors: GORDON SOL 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Delacato, a Philadelphia educator and specialist in remedial reading with an established reputation has written a challenging book which postulates a neurologic basis as the etiology of reading and speech problems. Unfortunately, the rigors of scientific method are not employed in validating his serious views on this subject.
In evaluating 45 retarded male readers, Dr. Delacato found such factors as emotional mal-adjustment, social immaturity, rigid parents lax parents, severe emotional conflicts at home poor attitude toward school, lack of motivation to be uncommon characteristics of this group.
CYSTINOSIS
Authors: Karpinski Felix E. 
Published: December 2021

Three cases of cystine storage disease occuring in one family are presented. In all three patients the diagnosis of cystine storage was established in vivo with the demonstration of cystine crystals in aspirated specimens of bone marrow and confirmed by paper chromatography of the urine in the two deceased siblings. The genetic aspects of the disorder are briefly discussed.
Bone marrow examination, properly performed, is suggested as a satisfactory procedure for the demonstration of cystine storage.
PUBLIC HEALTH
Authors: Koumans Alfred J. R. 
Published: December 2021

Certain etiologic factors relating to accidental ingestion of medication (pills) in children under 5 years of age were studied. There seemed to be a purposeful behavior behind the "accident". Availability, easy accessibility and oral exploration are questioned as factors playing a dominant role. Remembered attractiveness seems important as far as baby aspirin is concerned. A less attractive form of this medication would seem indicated.
Of the children poisoned by medication other than baby aspirin, 67% frequently observed their parents taking pills. This was found in only 13% of a comparison group of children who ingested baby aspirin. This factor is suggested as playing an additional role, and could be minimized by proper parent education.
STUDIES ON HUMAN PROTEINURIA
Authors: Slater R. J. , O'Doherty N. J. , DeWolfe M. S. 
Published: December 2021

Observations on the transfer of labelled albumin from plasma into urine were made in five children with postural proteinuria. Transfer of labelled protein occurs rapidly during lordosis. During the period of decreasing proteinuria that occurs upon cessation of lordosis, no transfer of labelled protein could be observed. These findings suggest that the functional alteration causing postural proteinuria is rapidly reversible, occurring only during the orthostasis. Despite the similarity in composition of proteins in postural proteinuria and in lymph, the rates of protein transfer and the similar specific activity of serum and urinary protein suggest that the site of transfer is the glomerular capillary.
Immunologic study of the urinary proteins indicate that the γ-globulin excreted in postural proteinuria is similar to that of serum, in contrast to the γ-globulin excreted in exercise proteinuria and "normal" urinary protein which reveal altered characteristics.
COMPARISON OF ORAL AND INTRAMUSCULAR ADMINISTRATION OF IRON FOR PREVENTiON OF THE LATE ANEMIA OF PREMATURE INFANTS
Authors: Sitarz Anneliese L. , Wolff James A. , Von Hofe Frederick H. 
Published: December 2021

Intramuscular administration of iron, given at the time a weight of 2,100 grams is reached, is as effective as oral use of iron in the treatment of the late anemia of prematurity.
No toxicity or untoward side effects were noted when iron was given intramuscularly in the manner and dosage described.
Intramuscular administration of iron is preferred when follow-up of infants after discharge from the nursery is difficult. Where follow-up is assured, orally administered iron remains the treatment of choice. (See Addendum.)
Management of Otitis Media
Authors: Chamberlin Robert W. 
Published: December 2021

In the past few years I have read several review articles by ear, nose and throat specialists similar to one by Dr. Charles F. Ferguson in Pediatrics, 25:1043, 1960.
In all of these articles, myringotomy is strongly advocated as the proper treatment for bulging ear drums. They frequently cite various intracranial complications as evidence that myringotomies should have been done. However, in examination of these histories it is apparent that most of these people received inadequate antibiotic treatment and were not properly followed in the period before these complications developed.
LIVER FUNCTION TESTS IN INFANTS WITH BILIARY ATRESIA
Authors: Kumate Jesus , Beltrán Francisco , Benavides Lázaro , Flores Marí Antonieta 
Published: December 2021

Simultaneous changes of serum bilirubin (direct/total ratio), flocculation tests (thymol and cephalin-cholesterol), transaminases (GOT and GPT), serum cholinesterase and serial clearance of BSP were studied in 30 cases of biliary atresia confirmed by exploratory laparotomy or necropsy.
Serum bilirubin generally showed a tendency to increase as age advanced (more evident after the fourth month) although its correlation was poor (r = 0.31). In over 80% of the cases, the direct/total ratio was 0.50 or greater.
Flocculation tests showed abnormal values in over 35% of the cases and were more marked as age and degree of malnutrition increased.
Transaminase activities in the serum showed slight increases (about 100 units/ml), predominantly of GOT and without relation to age, nutritional condition or flocculation tests.
Subnormal activity of cholinesterase was observed in three-fourths of the cases; it was more evident in older patients and no relation was found to percentage of the patient's theoretic weight.
Serial study of BSP clearance showed increase of retention at 45 minutes (about 30%) and exponential elimination (with a half-life of 2.4 days) and levels above 6% by the fifth day following administration of the dye.
SALICYLATE INTOXICATION
Authors: Done Alan K. 
Published: December 2021

Studies on 38 children and adults who ingested large amounts of salicylate revealed a poor correlation of salicylate level in serum with clinical severity of salicylate intoxication.
Serial measurements of serum salicylate levels in dogs and in 17 previously well patients revealed that the disappearance of salicylate from circulation is a first-order reaction in the post-absorptive period. It is possible, therefore, to calculate the half-life of circulating salicylate. In the present study the mean salicylate half-life in 17 patients was 20 hours.
It is possible to eliminate the variable of time since ingestion by utilizing the rate of removal (half-life) of salicylate to extrapolate from the observed salicylate level at any time following ingestion to a theoretical zero-time salicylate concentration (So). There was found to be an excellent correlation of So with the clinical severity of salicylate intoxication. A nomogram that eliminates the necessity for calculating So is presented. Calculation of So or use of the nomogram provide better means than were previously available for predicting the severity of salicylate intoxication on the basis of measurements of blood salicylate. Particularly noteworthy was the fact that four patients who died despite intensive conventional treatments had So values which greatly exceeded those found in patients who recovered. This observation suggests that an So of greater than 160 is essentially incompatible with life and that measures for rapidly reducing salicylate levels, such as hemodialysis or exchange transfusion, should be instituted.
The data are not sufficient to permit conclusions to be drawn concerning the influence of various factors on salicylate removal and toxicity. However, the use of So and salicylate half-life should facilitate such studies.
NEONATAL ASCITES AND OBSTRUCTIVE UROPATHY
Authors: Marx Kurt , Dale W. Andrew 
Published: December 2021

A case of neonatal ascites associated with severe, obstructive uropathy is described.
Recovery followed correction of the urinary tract obstruction.
Follow-up data, including those pertaining to growth and development, over a 4-year period are presented.
Attempts to demonstrate leakage of urine or a direct communication between the urinary tract and the peritoneal cavity were made, but failed.
The pathogenesis of congenital ascites in infants with bilateral hydronephrosis and hydro-ureters remains obscure.
INHERITED FACTOR-VII DEFECT IN A NEGRO FAMILY
Authors: Glueck Helen I. , Sutherland James M. 
Published: December 2021

A case of factor-VII deficiency of a congenital nature in a Negro male child has been reported. As far as can be determined, this is the first case reported in this race. The defect was detected at 6 hours of age.
Prothrombin, as contrasted to factor VII, after initially low levels normally found in infants, rose to adult levels. The patient's one-stage prothrombin time has ranged between 25 to 35 second (normal 11 to 12 seconds). In spite of this, he has never shown any manifestations of hemorrhage.
The patient's family was studied and the findings indicate that the patient's defect represented a homozygous state and that both parents with a less severe deficiency were heterozygous for the trait. The defect is an autosomal disorder directly inherited. It is clinically apparent and easily detected only in the homozygous state. The heterozygous state is characterized by a very slight prolongation of the one-stage prothrombin time, the difference from the control value being so minimal as to be overlooked. In one subject studied, an aunt of the propositus, the quantitative defect (42% of normal) could not be regularly detected by the usual methods. Only by using the plasma of the propositus as the test plasma, was the defect in her plasma detected, thus explaining the transmission of the trait to her offspring. These findings explain the difficulties previously encountered in understanding the inheritance of the disorder.
Prematurity: The Diagnosis, Care and Disorders of the Premature Infant
Authors: DANCIS JOSEPH 
Published: December 2021

The publisher states on the fly-leaf, "This book is an endeavor to meet the need of the whole team of workers"—clinicians, investigators, nurses, social workers, etc. This is an impossible objective, and it is doubtful that the author hoped to achieve it. However, it is evident that he did plan a very complete treatment of the subject of prematurity. The result is a large book (587 pages), wealthy in detail and in bibliography, with about one-third devoted to physiology in the broad sense and the rest to the clinical aspects of the premature infant. Dr. Corner has put much effort into this work, and the resulting volume has much to reward the reader.
However, the attempt to be all-encompassing was unfortunate. The review of the complete development of the human fetus is so cursory as to contribute little of value to the physician.
"BREAK-THROUGH IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS"
Authors: MATTHEWS LEROY W. , SPECTOR SAMUEL 
Published: December 2021

IT WOULD BE good news indeed if a "break-through through in cystic fibrosis" was really here as has been put forth in the promotional material on Cotazym by Organon, Inc. in an energetic campaign to sell their pancreatic preparation. Uncritical acceptance of unsupported statements in this promotional material would actually be a set-back in the comprehension of present knowledge of cystic fibrosis and the place of pancreatic substitution therapy in the management of patients with this disorder. False hope may be raised in physicians and in the parents of the unfortunate victims of this distressing disease.
Though we do not wish to minimize the importance of the pharmaceutical development of an improved pancreatin preparation we believe that presenting Cotazym as a "break-through in cystic fibrosis" is unwarranted and misleading.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION IN CHILDREN WITH VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECTS ASSESSED BY SERIAL RIGHT-HEART CATHETERIZATION
Authors: Stanton Robert E. , Fyler Donald C. 
Published: December 2021

The natural history of the pulmonary arterial pressure in 23 children with isolated ventricular septal defects has been evaluated by serial night heart catheterization.
In none of the 23 patients was there a significant increase in pulmonary arterial pressure. Eight patients showed a significant decrease. The direction of shunts did not change between procedures, and the clinical status was stable.
Our experience correlated well with the majority of institutions. It would appear that the natural course of pulmonary arterial pressure in ventricular septal defect is not commonly one of progressive rise.
MECONIUM PERITONITIS: PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE
Authors: Smith Blanca , Clatworthy H. William 
Published: December 2021

The experience of the authors with meconium peritonitis and a review of the [See Table IV in Source Pdf] literature form the basis of this report. Physicians are unjustifiably pessimistic regarding the management of newborn infants with meconium peritonitis. The salvage of such patients demands early surgical treatment, usually including the resection of all pathologic or extensively involved and entrapped intestine, and the immediate restoration of intestinal continuity.
There is a marked contrast in prognosis of meconium peritonitis between those infants who have meconium ileus and those who have other types of obstructive lesions. There has been only 1 long-term survivor among the 10 patients in our series who were suffering from cystic fibrosis of the pancreas, whereas there were no deaths among the last 9 patients with meconium peritonitis due to other causes.
PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE
Authors: Wheatley George M. 
Published: December 2021

I HAVE JUST FINISHED reading "Action for Mental Health," the challenging report of the Joint Commission on Mental Illness and Health. This comprehensive 5-year study, completed in 1960 and just published, presents this complex and enormous health problem realistically, pointing out that progress depends on removing those three well-known obstacles of manpower, facilities and costs.
One of the Commission's recommendations for a national mental health program is better use of present knowledge and experience. There is an acute shortage of professional resources for the care of mentally ill patients, as we know. Of all categories of psychiatrists, the Commission reports, Child psychiatrists are in shortest supply, "children being especially trying to work with and requiring the close co-operation of the parents and infinite patience on the part of therapists." Because pediatricians offer a considerable potential for helping emotionally disturbed children, the Commission recommends that the National Institute for Mental Health provide support for resident training programs in pediatrics that incorporate adequate psychiatric information and that it provide allowances for pediatricians who wish to take postgraduate courses in psychiatry. The aim is not to convert pediatricians into psychiatrists (although a good pediatrician certainly has an abundance of the "infinite patience" required) but to increase the resources of the community.
Actually, of all medical specialties, pediatrics has for many years played a key role in mental health, as we know, both in early recognition of emotional maladjustments in childhood and in prevention by fostering good mental health concepts in child rearing. This has applied not only to private practice but to public health work such as well child conferences and school health service.
Biology of Pyelonephritis
Authors: PRYLES CHARLES V. 
Published: December 2021

This volume contains the papers presented at an international meeting of recognized authorities in the field of renal disease; it represents the most noteworthy attempt in some 4 decades to synthesize existing knowledge of renal infection, long neglected by medical investigators. Having attended the 3-day session, I found the proceedings of great personal value, highly informative and stimulating.
A wide variety of subjects is covered in the seven sections, each of which consists of five to eight papers (chapters) relating to studies not only of the structure and function of the kidney and its alterations by disease but also the origin, development and distribution of pyelonephritis, as well as its pathology and treatment.
PUBLIC HEALTH
Authors: Corsa Leslie , Stallones Reuel A. 
Published: December 2021

Inquiry was made into certain factors related or believed to be related to the occurrence of accidental poisoning of children by interviewing members of the families of 466 children reported as poison cases from the hospitals of Alameda and Contra Costa Counties, California. Two other groups, one drawn from the birth certificate files, and one selected from families residing near the families of the poisoned children, were interviewed for comparison.
The poison cases were similar in most respects to those reported previously in the literature. The risk of poisoning reached an abrupt peak at 29 months of age and was slightly higher for boys than for girls. Aspirin and other drugs were the offending materials in two-thirds of the cases. Mothers were responsible for the supervision of the poisoned child in over 80% of the events.
The families of the poison case group and the comparison groups were more remarkable in their similarities than in their differences. Although they were similar in composition, the parents of the poisoned children were, on the average, 3 to 5 years younger than the parents of the comparison group families. The mothers of the poisoned children were 3 times as likely to have jobs outside the home as were the mothers in the comparison group. The families of the poison cases reported previous similar incidents involving their children more often than the families of the comparison groups. This study indicates to some degree the complexity of the factors that apparently influence the risk of childhood poisoning other than simply the availability and accessibility of toxic materials.
CUSHING'S SYNDROME IN ASSOCIATION WITH RENAL GANGLIONEUROBLASTOMA
Authors: Kogut Maurice D. , Donnell George N. 
Published: December 2021

A 13-month-old female with ganglioneuroblastoma originating in the lower pole of the left kidney has been described. This patient had the classic findings of Cushing's syndrome, namely, moon facies, buffalo hump, hypertrichosis, acne, plethora, hypertension, polyuria, polydypsia, osteoporosis and an elevated blood sugar concentration. In addition, there was increased excretion of 17-ketogenic steroids, 17-ketosteroids, aldosterone and vanillylmandelic acid in urine. After removal of the tumor, the abnormal clinical findings and the abnormally high excretion rate of corticosteroids and vanillylamandelic acid returned to normal. The adrenal glands were not hyperplastic nor were they the site of tumor formation.
The possible role of catecholamines in the pathogenesis of Cushing's syndrome is discussed. A most likely explanation for the association in this case is that catecholamines secreted by the tumor stimulated the adrenals or pituitary causing hyperactivity and Cushing's syndrome. Several cases have been cited that imply a closer functional relationship between chromaffin tissue and adrenal cortex than has been previously realized. The embryology of neurogenic tissue and its relation to secretion of catecholamines is discussed.
ROUTINE ROENTGENOGRAMS OF THE CHEST IN ASYMPTOMATIC INFANTS
Authors: Nickey Laurance N. 
Published: December 2021

RECENT ARTICLES in the medical literature have cautioned about the undue hazard associated with x-radiation of infants. Because of this concern, this paper reports the findings and value, if any, of 1,037 consecutive chest roentgenograms for physically normal infants.
METHODS AND RESULTS
One thousand thirty-seven consecutive posteroanterior roentgenograms of the chest were obtained for asymptomatic and physically normal infants between the ages of 4 and 24 months. The roentgenograms were included as part of the "well infant care" for these patients. There were 525 records for males and 512 for females, available for study. It was hoped that all roentgenograms could be obtained at 9 months of age for standardization and comparison purposes. However, the high attrition rate of this group of patients necessitated compromise. Immediately prior to having roentgenograms taken, all infants had physical examinations performed that were interpreted as giving normal results. Table I lists the distribution of roentgenograms according to age and sex. From the entire group there were only nine that were reported as indicating either suggestive or definite pulmonary pathology. There were no unsuspected cardiac or bony abnormalities visualized. All patients with initially suspected pulmonary pathology were returned for repeat roentgenograms of the chest within 10 to 14 days.
Of the nine patients all were asymptomatic, and again the physical examinations revealed normal findings. The repeat roentgenograms revealed only one patient with persistant pulmonary pathology, a 9-month-old male reported as having "fibrotic scarring and atelectasis of the right upper lobe." This abnormality cleared spontaneously within a 4-week period. Intracutaneous skin tests for tuberculosis (PPD intermediate) and fungi (histoplasmin and coccidioidin) were performed for all patients with suspected pulmonary involvement, and negative results were obtained.