bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Follow-Up Rates at a Free Ophthalmology Clinic at a Homeless Shelter
Authors: Hennein Lauren , Spaulding Kimberly A. , Karlegan Veronika , Nnamani Silva Ogonna N. , de Alba Campomanes Alejandra G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective Eye health among the homeless community is important, as poor vision makes this population vulnerable and adds significantly to the social and health burden. There is limited knowledge on patient follow-up rates for their eye conditions and barriers to accessing care in this population. The purpose of this retrospective chart review study is to examine follow-up rates and barriers to care for patients referred from a free, medical-student run ophthalmology clinic at a homeless shelter.
Methods All patients evaluated at a free ophthalmology clinic from September 2017 to September 2018 were included; no patients were excluded. If indicated, patients were referred for advanced ophthalmologic care at a local county hospital and free eyeglasses at a nonprofit organization. Primary outcomes were follow-up rates at the county hospital and nonprofit organization. Secondary outcomes included prespecified baseline variables hypothesized to be associated with follow-up rates. These categorical variables were compared with Chi-square testing to determine their association with follow-up rates. The hypothesis being tested was formulated before data collection.
Results Of the 68 patients, 84% were males with a mean age of 50 years. Overall, 40 patients were referred for free eyeglasses and 17 to the county hospital. Of those referred, 14 patients presented for free eyeglasses and 7 presented to the county hospital. About 79% of patients with a pre-established primary care provider presented to their appointment compared with 20% of those without one (p = 0.03). The 44% of patients with a high school diploma presented while all patients without a high school diploma failed to present (p = 0.04). Vision-threatening conditions identified at the shelter clinic did not affect follow-up rates (p = 0.79).
Conclusion Less than half of referred patients in our study presented to their appointments. Barriers to presentation included no primary care provider and lower educational status, with no improvement in follow-up rates among those referred for vision-threatening conditions. Interventions such as health coaching with particular attention to educating patients on the effects of vision-threatening conditions may be warranted, particularly for those not looped into the health care system and those of lower educational attainment.
Green or social? An analysis of environmental and social sustainability advertising and its impact on brand personality, credibility and attitude
Authors: Sander Frauke , Föhl Ulrich , Walter Nadine , Demmer Vera 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to examine the impact of sustainability advertising on brand personality, credibility, attitude toward the ad and brand attitude; special attention was given to whether or not environmental and social sustainability advertising have different effects. The results of an online survey revealed that environmental sustainability advertising has a stronger influence than social sustainability advertising. Thus, the findings suggest that a focus on environmental aspects delivers the more impactful advertising content when promoting a brand’s sustainability. This result is consistent with the existing studies on the sub-dimensions of sustainability; although only researched in different contexts, earlier findings also showed that environmental sustainability has a higher impact. Furthermore, an explicit integration of environmental aspects into the measurement of brand personalities offers a new and interesting field of future research. The study is based on data collected from 166 respondents. The impact of sustainability advertising is investigated by an experimental manipulation of the advertising condition. To test the hypotheses, structural equation models are applied, as well as one-way analyses of variance.
Comparing treatment strategies to reduce antibiotic resistance in an in vitro epidemiological setting
Authors: Angst Daniel C. , Tepekule Burcu , Sun Lei , Bogos Balázs , Bonhoeffer Sebastian 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Antibiotic combination therapy is a promising strategy to combat the rising problem of resistance. However, developing such strategies is hindered by the lack of an experimental system that allows testing of strategies in a realistic epidemiological context. We present an approach to test the effects of different treatment strategies in vitro in order to narrow the gap between computational and clinical studies. Using a laboratory automation system, we approximate the epidemiological population dynamics expected in a hospital setting using experimentally evolving bacterial populations. We show that as long as there is no influx of double resistance into the system, combination therapy outperforms all other tested strategies, even at concentrations lower than those used for monotherapy.
Routes to cubic ice through heterogeneous nucleation
Authors: Davies Michael Benedict , Fitzner Martin , Michaelides Angelos 
Published: March 2021

SignificanceUnder typical conditions on Earth, ice exhibits two distinct polytypes: hexagonal and cubic. Yet, despite its importance to nature (e.g., the atmosphere) and technology (e.g., cryopreservation), the crystallization of liquid water to cubic ice has never been achieved in the laboratory. Here, we show how to design substrates to nucleate desired polytypes of ice, including the elusive cubic ice, and show that the process is controlled by the structure of the water in contact with the substrate. By unraveling the interplay of heterogeneous nucleation and polymorphism, we reveal a pathway to cubic ice vital to myriad phenomena and open ways to understand and control polymorphism and stacking disorder in materials in general.
Metaphoric proverbs in EFL learners’ translation
Authors: Belkhir Sadia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMetaphoric proverbs represent interesting cultural instances of conventional metaphors (Belkhir 2014,2012). The ubiquity of metaphoric proverbs in language and the problems this phenomenon causes in translation is an issue that requires close attention. Translation aims at providing semantic equivalence between two languages. According toVinay and Darbelnet (1995), equivalence constitutes the adequate method that should be used by translators when dealing with proverbs. However, no translator can provide perfect translation of a source text due to cultural specificities. The present paper offers a modest report of an experimental study conducted with a group of EFL students who have been taught translation as a subject in a higher education context (Mouloud Mammeri University). A set of English proverbs has been collected to build up the experiment that was administered to the subjects who were asked to translate them into Arabic, then into their first language, Kabyle. The question raised is whether these students are able to translate the proverbs appropriately. The study aims (1) to investigate translation strategies used by EFL learners; and (2) to show how learners’ L1 (Kabyle) and L2 (Arabic) interfere in the translation of English proverbs. The results showed that the more the students were acquainted with proverbs, the more they used equivalence in their translation. Similarly, the lesser they were acquainted with proverbs, the more they used literal translation or paraphrase. In addition, some translations provided by the participants revealed the presence of language interference.
Deformation of loops in 2D packing of flexible rods
Authors: Sobral T A , de Holanda V H , Leal F C B , Saraiva T T 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The injection of a long flexible rod into a two-dimensional domain yields a complex pattern commonly studied through the elasticity theory, packing analysis, and fractal geometries. ‘Loop’ is a one-vertex entity that naturally formed in this system. The role of the elastic features of each loop in 2D packing has not yet been discussed. In this work, we point out how the shape of a given loop in the complex structure allows estimating local deformations and forces. First, we build sets of symmetric free loops and perform compression experiments. Then, tight packing configurations are analyzed using image processing. We find that the dimensions of the loops, confined or not, obey the same dependence on the deformation. The results are consistent with a simple model based on 2D elastic theory for filaments, where the rod adopts the shape of Euler’s elasticas between its contact points. The force and the stored energy are obtained from numerical integration of the analytic expressions. In an additional experiment, we obtain that the compression force for deformed loops corroborates the theoretical findings. The importance of the shape of the loop is discussed and we hope that the theoretical curves may allow statistical considerations in future investigations.
Dynamic length metrology (DLM) for accurate dimensional measurements in a production environment by continuous determination and compensation of thermal expansion effects in turning steel
Authors: De Chiffre Leonardo , González-Madruga Daniel , Sonne Mads Rostgaard , Costa Giuseppe Dalla , Hattel Jesper Henri , Hansen Hans Nørgaard 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This work concerns the accurate dimensional measurement of metal parts directly in a production environment. Applying an approach with the simultaneous measurement of part dimension and temperature over time (dynamically) followed by modeling of the thermo-mechanical effects, the corrected length at 20 °C and its measurement uncertainty can be predicted. This paper describes a test campaign where the local diameter of a 40 mm cylindrical steel workpiece cooling down from an initial surface temperature after turning of 27 °C to an ambient temperature of 21 °C was predicted after 10 min with a systematic error of 0.5 µm and an expanded uncertainty (k = 2) of 0.9 µm.
Anomalous edge response of cadmium telluride-based photon counting detectors jointly caused by high-flux radiation and inter-pixel communication
Authors: Ji Xu , Treb Kevin , Li Ke 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This work reports an edge enhancing effect experimentally observed in cadmium telluride (CdTe)-based photon counting detector (PCD) systems operated under the charge summing (CS) mode and irradiated by high-flux x-rays. Experimental measurements of the edge spread functions (ESFs) of a PCD system (100 μm pixel size, 88 ns deadtime) were performed at different input flux levels from 4.5 × 105 count per second (cps) mm−2 to 1.5 × 109 cps mm−2 for the single pixel mode (SP) and the CS mode. A theoretical model that incorporates the impacts of inter-pixel communications and the arbitration process involved in the CS mode was developed to help explain the physical origin of the observed edge enhancing effect. Compared with the monotonically increasing ESF of the SP mode, the ESF of the CS mode measured at high-flux levels shows a peak at an intermediate location (50 μm from the edge). The peak became more pronounced with increasing flux levels. The theoretically calculated ESFs agreed well with experimental results with relative errors less than 5% at all flux levels and tested. These results indicate that the anomalous edge enhancing effect is jointly caused by the pileup effect and the CS circuit that introduces negative correlations between adjacent pixels. When the input flux is high enough to deliver photons to multiple adjacent pixels within the same deadtime period, the CS mode may treat the coincident x-rays as shared charges and thus introduce count losses in addition to the well-known pileup count loss. When a high contrast object partially blocks certain pixels from x-rays, the adjacent unblocked pixels have an increased probability of registering counts as a result of the negative correlation. This leads to a peak on the ESF at a pixel-to-edge distance half of the pixel pitch.
Electron capture in stars
Authors: Langanke K , Martínez-Pinedo G , Zegers R G T 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Electron capture on nuclei plays an essential role in the dynamics of several astrophysical objects, including core-collapse and thermonuclear supernovae, the crust of accreting neutron stars in binary systems and the final core evolution of intermediate-mass stars. In these astrophysical objects, the capture occurs at finite temperatures and densities, at which the electrons form a degenerate relativistic electron gas. The capture rates can be derived from perturbation theory, where allowed nuclear transitions [Gamow–Teller (GT) transitions] dominate, except at the higher temperatures achieved in core-collapse supernovae, where forbidden transitions also contribute significantly to the capture rates. There has been decisive progress in recent years in measuring GT strength distributions using novel experimental techniques based on charge-exchange reactions. These measurements not only provide data for the GT distributions of ground states for many relevant nuclei, but also serve as valuable constraints for nuclear models which are needed to derive the capture rates for the many nuclei for which no data yet exist. In particular, models are needed to evaluate stellar capture rates at finite temperatures, where capture can also occur on nuclei in thermally excited states. There has also been significant progress in recent years in the modeling of stellar capture rates. This has been made possible by advances in nuclear many-body models as well as in computer soft- and hardware. Specifically, to derive reliable capture rates for core-collapse supernovae, a dedicated strategy has been developed based on a hierarchy of nuclear models specifically adapted to the abundant nuclei and astrophysical conditions present under various collapse conditions. In particular, for the challenging conditions where the electron chemical potential and the nuclear Q values are of the same order, large-scale shell-model diagonalization calculations have proved to be an appropriate tool to derive stellar capture rates, often validated by experimental data. Such situations are relevant in the early stage of the core collapse of massive stars, for the nucleosynthesis of thermonuclear supernovae, and for the final evolution of the cores of intermediate-mass stars involving nuclei in the mass range A ∼ 20–65. This manuscript reviews the experimental and theoretical progress recently achieved in deriving stellar electron capture rates. It also discusses the impact these improved rates have on our understanding of the various astrophysical objects.
Identifying heterogeneous diffusion states in the cytoplasm by a hidden Markov model
Authors: Janczura Joanna , Balcerek Michał , Burnecki Krzysztof , Sabri Adal , Weiss Matthias , Krapf Diego 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Diffusion of nanoparticles in the cytoplasm of live cells has frequently been reported to exhibit an anomalous and even heterogeneous character, i.e. particles seem to switch gears during their journey. Here we show by means of a hidden Markov model that individual trajectories of quantum dots in the cytoplasm of living cultured cells feature a dichotomous switching between two distinct mobility states with an overall subdiffusive mode of motion of the fractional Brownian motion (FBM) type. Using the extracted features of experimental trajectories as input for simulations of different variants of a two-state FBM model, we show that the trajectory-intrinsic and the ensemble-wise heterogeneity in the experimental data is mostly due to variations in the (local) transport coefficients, with only minor contributions due to locally varying anomaly exponents. Altogether, our approach shows that diffusion heterogeneities can be faithfully extracted and quantified from fairly short trajectories obtained by single-particle tracking in highly complex media.
Need assesment and design of e-modules to stimulate HOTS on dynamic fluid materials with the STEM approach
Authors: Sari Sestika , Suyatna Agus , Viyanti  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Learning resources are very important in learning physics, then, the purpose of this study is to develop e modules with the STEM approach to stimulate students’ HOTS on Dynamic Fluid. The research method used is the research and development (R&D) with ADDIE models which have five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The first two stages of this article will be reported analysis and design stage. The instrument used was a product needs analysis questionnaire and the practitioner validation sheet using a Likert scale. The data needs analysis phase was sourced from high school level students and physics teachers in Lampung province. The validators of product design are professional physics teachers with the Masters in Physics Education qualifications. Google form as a media for data collection is then analyzed using descriptive quantitative. The results showed that the E-Module to stimulate HOTS on dynamic fluid material was highly needed. E-module that have the potential to stimulate HOTS in dynamic fluid material consist of seven learning activity that contain the STEM component. In conclusion, E-Module based on STEM dynamic fluid material has the potential to simulate students’ HOTS.
Character education-based digital physics comic on newton’s law: Students and teachers’ perceptions
Authors: Fitri Megawati Ridwan , Latifah Sri , Saregar Antomi , Anugrah Adyt , Susilowati Nur Endah 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Character education is important in learning. The 2013 curriculum also promotes character education in the learning process. Therefore, character education is very important to be conveyed in the learning process. This study aimed to analyze the needs of teachers and students related to digital comic learning media based on character education on Newton’s Law of Motion material. This research was qualitative descriptive research. The research sample was 66 eighth-grade students of junior high school. The research instrument was a questionnaire assisted by Google Form distributed to students and teachers. The results of student questionnaires showed that 75.75% of students had never used character education-based digital comics and 60.6% of students needed character education-based digital comics in learning. Based on the results of the needs analysis, character education-based digital comic learning media are needed in learning physics in junior high schools.
The needs analysis for the development of electronic learning module (e-module) based on local wisdom information search in senior high schools’ physics online learning during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sani D M , Sukarmin  , Suharno  
Published: March 2021

AbstractCOVID-19 outbreak is a new global problem in 2020 which has a significant impact on education, one of which is the change in learning methods because all activities are using online learning right now. This causes the teacher to provide appropriate learning media in assessing student competence following national learning objectives. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the needs of teachers in developing learning media in the form of electronic modules (e-modules) based on local wisdom with the type of information search to empower students’ critical thinking skills and character values in online learning activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. This type of research is descriptive research. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and interviews. Research subjects were 20 physics teachers from several Senior High Schools in Soloraya (Surakarta City and surrounding areas). The results showed that 95% of teachers needed an e-module media development based on local wisdom type information search to empower critical thinking skills and student character values during the situations of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Mathematical connection profile of high school students with converger learning style
Authors: Itasari K , Pramudya I , Slamet I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study aims to describe the mathematical connection profile of high school students with converger learning styles in solving mathematics problems. This research is an exploratory descriptive study. The research subjects were first-grade students of SMA N Mojogedang with converger learning style. Data collection methods used questionnaires, tests, and interviews. Sampling was conducted by purposive sampling and snowball sampling. The analysis technique was performed through the triangulation of time and technique. The results show that the low mathematical connection ability was due to a lack of in-depth understanding of mathematical concepts. Students did not practice the concepts in trigonometry and other mathematics material so when they were given problems they could only understand the problems without being able to find solutions appropriately. The student profile with a converger learning style could generally understand non-routine and routine questions but students were unable to understand concepts on the mathematical topic itself and concepts in other mathematical topics.
The application of response surface method in producing water spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir) through hydroponics technique with iron-electrode electrolyzed water
Authors: Sugiharta Iip , Sari Desi Indah , Febriyani Valentina , Man Youlanda L. , Rinaldi Achi , Suri Fraulein Intan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the influence of Electrolyzed water on the growth of water spinach viewed from the dry weight, plant height, number of leaves, and stem circumferences factors. This research had been conducted using a hydroponic technique with iron-electrode electrolysis water as the treatment. The method used was regression analysis, both linear and quadratic. The optimizations of the treatments were seen using the surface response method. The results showed a significant effect on the length of electrolysis duration on dry weight, the number of leaves, plant height, and stem circumference. The most significant models were the model with the explanatory variables of electrolysis duration and the number of leaves. This result indicated the addition of Electrolyzed water with an iron diode increased the number of leaves’ stomata which affected the dry weight.
Analysis of increasing creative thinking skills in the use of local materials in project qualitative biochemical analysis practicum
Authors: Sari D. K. , Wancik K. A. , Sufiana J. M. , Haryani M. E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze creative thinking skills in the use of local materials as reagents in qualitative biochemical practices. The use of local material reagents can improve students’ creative thinking skills. This research method is quasi-experimental design with pre-test post-test group design. The research instrument consisted of pre-test and post-test questions using tests of creative thinking skills in the form of descriptions and student questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS 22.0 program and the percentage of student responses to the practicum was carried out. The results showed that the average claim score of the experimental group was 59.95 and the post-test score was 80.00 with N_Gain 0.50 in the moderate category. In the control group the average pretest score was 38.70 and the posttest score was 44.80 with the lowest category N_Gain 0.09. Further analysis was carried out on each indicator of creative thinking skills which reached 23.16% fluency, 40.28% flexibility, 17.50% originality and 19.06% elaboration. It can be concluded that the use of local materials as reagents in the project-based qualitative biochemical analysis laboratory can improve students’ creative thinking skills, especially in terms of originality and elaboration.