bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rheology of three-phase suspensions determined via dam-break experiments
Authors: Birnbaum Janine , Lev Einat , Llewellin Edward W. 
Published: October 2021

Three-phase suspensions, of liquid that suspends dispersed solid particles and gas bubbles, are common in both natural and industrial settings. Their rheology is poorly constrained, particularly for high total suspended fractions (≳0.5). We use a dam-break consistometer to characterize the rheology of suspensions of (Newtonian) corn syrup, plastic particles and CO
2
bubbles. The study is motivated by a desire to understand the rheology of magma and lava. Our experiments are scaled to the volcanic system: they are conducted in the non-Brownian, non-inertial regime; bubble capillary number is varied across unity; and bubble and particle fractions are 0 ≤
ϕ
gas
≤ 0.82 and 0 ≤
ϕ
solid
≤ 0.37, respectively. We measure flow-front velocity and invert for a Herschel–Bulkley rheology model as a function of

ϕ

gas

,

ϕ

solid

, and the capillary number. We find a stronger increase in relative viscosity with increasing

ϕ

gas

in the low to intermediate capillary number regime than predicted by existing theory, and find both shear-thinning and shear-thickening effects, depending on the capillary number. We apply our model to the existing community code for lava flow emplacement, PyFLOWGO, and predict increased viscosity and decreased velocity compared with current rheological models, suggesting existing models may not adequately account for the role of bubbles in stiffening lavas.
Lung-selective Cas13d-based nanotherapy inhibits lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection by targeting host protease Ctsl
Authors: Cui Zhifen , Zeng Cong , Huang Furong , Yuan Fuwen , Yan Jingyue , Zhao Yue , Huang Jiaoti , Staats Herman F. , Everitt Jeffrey I. , Sempowski Gregory D. , Wang Hongyan , Dong Yizhou , Liu Shan-Lu , Wang Qianben 
Published: October 2021

SUMMARYThe COVID-19 pandemic persists as a global health crisis for which curative treatment has been elusive. Development of effective and safe anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapies remains an urgent need. SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells requires specific host proteases including TMPRSS2 and Cathepsin L (Ctsl)1–3, but there has been no reported success in inhibiting host proteases for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in vivo. Here we have developed a lung Ctsl mRNA-targeted, CRISPR/Cas13d-based nanoparticle therapy to curb fatal SARS-CoV-2 infection in a mouse model. We show that this nanotherapy can decrease lung Ctsl expression in normal mice efficiently, specifically, and safely. Importantly, this lung-selective Ctsl-targeted nanotherapy significantly extended the survival of lethally SARS-CoV-2 infected mice by decreasing lung virus burden, reducing expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, and diminishing the severity of pulmonary interstitial inflammation. Additional in vitro analyses demonstrated that Cas13d-mediated Ctsl knockdown inhibited infection mediated by the spike protein of SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and more importantly, the authentic SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 Delta variant, regardless of TMPRSS2 expression status. Our results demonstrate the efficacy and safety of a lung-selective, Ctsl-targeted nanotherapy against infection by SARS-CoV-2 and likely other emerging coronaviruses, forming a basis for investigation of this approach in clinical trials.
Spontaneously emerging internal models of visual sequences combine abstract and event-specific information in the prefrontal cortex
Authors: Bellet Marie E , Gay Marion , Bellet Joachim , Jarraya Bechir , Dehaene Stanislas , van Kerkoerle Timo , Panagiotaropoulos Theofanis I 
Published: October 2021

SUMMARYWhen exposed to sensory sequences, do macaque monkeys spontaneously form abstract internal models that generalize to novel experiences? Here, we show that neuronal populations in macaque ventrolateral prefrontal cortex encode visual sequences by factorizing them into separate codes for the specific pictures presented and for their abstract sequential structure. Ventrolateral prefrontal neurons were recorded while macaque monkeys passively viewed visual sequences and sequence mismatches in the local-global paradigm. Even without any overt task or response requirements, prefrontal populations spontaneously built up representations of sequence structure, serial order, and image identity within distinct but superimposed neuronal subspaces. Representations of sequence structure rapidly updated following single exposure to a mismatch sequence, while orthogonal populations represent mismatches for sequences of different complexity. Finally, those representations generalized across sequences following the same structure but comprising different images. These results suggest that prefrontal populations spontaneously encode rich internal models of visual sequences that reflect both content-specific and abstract information.
Selective behavioural impairments in mice heterozygous for the cross disorder psychiatric risk geneDLG2
Authors: Pass Rachel , Haan Niels , Humby Trevor , Wilkinson Lawrence S. , Hall Jeremy , Thomas Kerrie L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMutations affectingDLG2are emerging as a genetic risk factor associated with neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder and bipolar disorder. Discs large homolog 2 (DLG2) is a member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase protein superfamily of scaffold proteins, a component of the post-synaptic density in excitatory neurons and regulator of synaptic function and plasticity. It remains an important question whether and how haploinsuffiency of DLG2 contributes to impairments in basic behavioural and cognitive functions that may underlie symptomatic domains in patients that cross diagnostic boundaries. Using a heterozygousDlg2mouse model we examined the impact of reducedDlg2expression on functions commonly impaired in neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders including motor co-ordination and learning, pre-pulse inhibition and habituation to novel stimuli. The heterozygousDlg2mice exhibited behavioural impairments in long-term motor learning and long-term habituation to a novel context, but not motor co-ordination, initial responses to a novel context, PPI of acoustic startle or anxiety. We additionally showed evidence for the reduced regulation of the synaptic plasticity-associated protein cFos in the motor cortex during motor learning. The sensitivity of selective behavioural and cognitive functions, particularly those dependent on synaptic plasticity, to reduced expression of DLG2 give further credence for DLG2 playing a critical role in specific brain functions but also a mechanistic understanding of symptom expression shared across psychiatric disorders.
Building regulatory landscapes: enhancer recruits cohesin to create contact domains, engage CTCF sites and activate distant genes
Authors: Rinzema Niels J. , Sofiadis Konstantinos , Tjalsma Sjoerd J. D. , Verstegen Marjon J.A.M. , Oz Yuva , Valdes-Quezada Christian , Felder Anna-Karina , Filipovska Teodora , van der Elst Stefan , de Andrade dos Ramos Zaria , Han Ruiqi , Krijger Peter H.L. , de Laat Wouter 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTDevelopmental gene expression is often controlled by distal tissue-specific enhancers. Enhancer action is restricted to topological chromatin domains, typically formed by cohesin-mediated loop extrusion between CTCF-associated boundaries. To better understand how individual regulatory DNA elements form topological domains and control expression, we used a bottom-up approach, building active regulatory landscapes of different sizes in inactive chromatin. We demonstrate that transcriptional output and protection against gene silencing reduces with increased enhancer distance, but that enhancer contact frequencies alone do not dictate transcription activity. The enhancer recruits cohesin to stimulate the formation of local chromatin contact domains and activate flanking CTCF sites for engagement in chromatin looping. Small contact domains can support strong and stable expression of distant genes. The enhancer requires transcription factors and mediator to activate genes over all distance ranges, but relies on cohesin exclusively for the activation of distant genes. Our work supports a model that assigns two functions to enhancers: its classic role to stimulate transcription initiation and elongation from target gene promoters and a role to recruit cohesin for the creation of contact domains, the engagement of flanking CTCF sites in chromatin looping, and the activation of distal target genes.
Clinical and immunological signatures of severe COVID-19 in previously healthy patients with clonal hematopoiesis
Authors: Kang Chang Kyung , Choi Baekgyu , Kim Sugyeong , Park Seongwan , Yoon Soon Ho , Lee Dohoon , Lee Andrew J. , Ko Yuji , Chang Euijin , Jung Jongtak , Choe Pyoeng Gyun , Park Wan Beom , Kim Eu Suk , Kim Hong Bin , Kim Nam Joong , Oh Myoung-don , Kang Suk-jo , Kang Kyuho , Kim Sun , Im Hogune , Kim Joohae , Lee Yong Hoon , Lee Jaehee , Lee Ji Yeon , Moon Joon Ho , Song Kyoung-Ho , Koh Youngil , Jung Inkyung 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIdentifying additional risk factors for COVID-19 severity in numerous previously healthy patients without canonical clinical risk factors remains challenging. In this study, we investigate whether clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), a common aging-related process that predisposes various inflammatory responses, may exert COVID-19 severity. We examine the clinical impact of CHIP in 143 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients. Both stratified analyses and logistic regression including the interaction between canonical risk factors and CHIP show that CHIP is an independent risk factor for severe COVID-19, especially in previously healthy patients. Analyses of 60,310 single-cell immune transcriptome profiles identify distinct immunological signatures for CHIP (+) severe COVID-19 patients, particularly in classical monocytes, with a marked increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine responses and potent IFN-γ mediated hyperinflammation signature. We further demonstrate that the enhanced expression of CHIP (+) specific IFN-γ response genes is attributed to the CHIP mutation-dependent epigenetic reprogramming of poised or bivalent cis-regulatory elements. Our results highlight a unique immunopathogenic mechanism of CHIP in the progression of severe COVID-19, which could be extended to elucidate how CHIP contributes to a variety of human infectious diseases.
Longitudinal estimation of stress-related states through bio-sensor data
Authors: Mozgovoy Vadym 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
The authors aim to develop a conceptual framework for longitudinal estimation of stress-related states in the wild (IW), based on the machine learning (ML) algorithms that use physiological and non-physiological bio-sensor data.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors propose a conceptual framework for longitudinal estimation of stress-related states consisting of four blocks: (1) identification; (2) validation; (3) measurement and (4) visualization. The authors implement each step of the proposed conceptual framework, using the example of Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and K-means algorithm. These ML algorithms are trained on the data of 18 workers from the public administration sector who wore biometric devices for about two months.

Findings
The authors confirm the convergent validity of a proposed conceptual framework IW. Empirical data analysis suggests that two-cluster models achieve five-fold cross-validation accuracy exceeding 70% in identifying stress. Coefficient of accuracy decreases for three-cluster models achieving around 45%. The authors conclude that identification models may serve to derive longitudinal stress-related measures.

Research limitations/implications
Proposed conceptual framework may guide researchers in creating validated stress-related indicators. At the same time, physiological sensing of stress through identification models is limited because of subject-specific reactions to stressors.

Practical implications
Longitudinal indicators on stress allow estimation of long-term impact coming from external environment on stress-related states. Such stress-related indicators can become an integral part of mobile/web/computer applications supporting stress management programs.

Social implications
Timely identification of excessive stress may improve individual well-being and prevent development stress-related diseases.

Originality/value
The study develops a novel conceptual framework for longitudinal estimation of stress-related states using physiological and non-physiological bio-sensor data, given that scientific knowledge on validated longitudinal indicators of stress is in emergent state.
Using transfer learning for diabetic retinopathy stage classification
Authors: El Houby Enas M.F. 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the dangerous complications of diabetes. Its grade level must be tracked to manage its progress and to start the appropriate decision for treatment in time. Effective automated methods for the detection of DR and the classification of its severity stage are necessary to reduce the burden on ophthalmologists and diagnostic contradictions among manual readers.

Design/methodology/approach
In this research, convolutional neural network (CNN) was used based on colored retinal fundus images for the detection of DR and classification of its stages. CNN can recognize sophisticated features on the retina and provides an automatic diagnosis. The pre-trained VGG-16 CNN model was applied using a transfer learning (TL) approach to utilize the already learned parameters in the detection.

Findings
By conducting different experiments set up with different severity groupings, the achieved results are promising. The best-achieved accuracies for 2-class, 3-class, 4-class and 5-class classifications are 86.5, 80.5, 63.5 and 73.7, respectively.

Originality/value
In this research, VGG-16 was used to detect and classify DR stages using the TL approach. Different combinations of classes were used in the classification of DR severity stages to illustrate the ability of the model to differentiate between the classes and verify the effect of these changes on the performance of the model.
Clairaut anti-invariant submersions from Lorentzian trans-Sasakian manifolds
Authors: Siddiqi Mohd Danish , Chaubey Sudhakar Kumar , Siddiqui Aliya Naaz 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThe central idea of this research article is to examine the characteristics of Clairaut submersions from Lorentzian trans-Sasakian manifolds of type (α, β) and also, to enhance this geometrical analysis with some specific cases, namely Clairaut submersion from Lorentzian α-Sasakian manifold, Lorentzian β-Kenmotsu manifold and Lorentzian cosymplectic manifold. Furthermore, the authors discuss some results about Clairaut Lagrangian submersions whose total space is a Lorentzian trans-Sasakian manifolds of type (α, β). Finally, the authors furnished some examples based on this study.Design/methodology/approachThis research discourse based on classifications of submersion, mainly Clairaut submersions, whose total manifolds is Lorentzian trans-Sasakian manifolds and its all classes like Lorentzian Sasakian, Lorenztian Kenmotsu and Lorentzian cosymplectic manifolds. In addition, the authors have explored some axioms of Clairaut Lorentzian submersions and illustrates our findings with some non-trivial examples.FindingsThe major finding of this study is to exhibit a necessary and sufficient condition for a submersions to be a Clairaut submersions and also find a condition for Clairaut Lagrangian submersions from Lorentzian trans-Sasakian manifolds.Originality/valueThe results and examples of the present manuscript are original. In addition, more general results with fair value and supportive examples are provided.
Multi-layer polymer beam reinforced by graphene platelets on low velocity impact response
Authors: Hassan Mohammed Salih , Shomran Haideer Taleb , Abbas Abbas Allawi , Al-Kasob Bashar Dheyaa Hussein , Jasim Manar Hamid , Ranjbar Mehdi 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of graphene platelets (GPLs) on the low-speed contact between a mass and surface of a multi-layer polymer beam.

Design/methodology/approach
This problem is primarily organized by first-order shear deformation beam theory and nonlinear Hertz rule. GPLs are distributed along the beam thickness direction. The Halpin–Tsai micromechanics model is applied for computing the effective Young’s modulus of the GPLs/polymer composites. In the formulation process, the principle of conservation of energy is first used and the histories of results are extracted using the separation of variables and Runge–Kutta method.

Findings
In comparing the responses with the available data, a good agreement is observed. The effects of the weight fraction and distribution pattern on the impact response of polymer beam reinforced with GPLs are studied. Results show that contact force is increased, contact time and beam recess are decreased with increasing of weight fraction of GPLs. Also, among the different distribution patterns, the contact force depended on value of GPLs at the point of contact.

Originality/value
The effects of GPLs addition on the multi-layer polymer beam has a novelty in impact problems.
Supply chain management: an integrative review from the agency theory perspective
Authors: Beal Partyka Raul 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThe purpose of the article is to demonstrate how agency theory has been used to address the dynamics involved in supply chain management. It is also dedicated to suggesting an agenda for future research.Design/methodology/approachWe performed an integrative literature review, based on the process detailed by Botelho et al. (2011), with search filters. The articles were obtained from the Scopus and Web of Science databases using the keywords “supply chain” and “agency theory”, with a subsequent analytical filter for “management”. The search initially identified 205 articles. After two screenings, 56 articles were selected for analysis.FindingsDespite attempts to infer the importance of research on agency theory in supply chain management, its application to the discipline is scarce. Clearly, agency theory provides valuable insights into the relationships in the supply chain. In the studies analyzed, the dynamics of performance, risk, sustainability, dyadic and inter-firm relationships, and supplier management are predominant.Originality/valueWhen considering unwanted behaviors throughout the supply chain, agency theory fills the explanatory gaps for these facts. It also proves to be a useful tool to answer mainly the dilemmas of underlying theories, such as transaction cost theory, resource-based view and network theory. Rare are the studies that examine the current state of the application of agency theory in the supply chain literature in the management field.
Development of a homelessness risk screening tool for emergency department patients
Authors: Doran Kelly M. , Johns Eileen , Zuiderveen Sara , Shinn Marybeth , Dinan Kinsey , Schretzman Maryanne , Gelberg Lillian , Culhane Dennis , Shelley Donna , Mijanovich Tod 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a screening tool to identify emergency department (ED) patients at risk of entering a homeless shelter, which could inform targeting of interventions to prevent future homelessness episodes.Data sourcesLinked data from (1) ED patient baseline questionnaires and (2) citywide administrative homeless shelter database.Study designStakeholder‐informed predictive modeling utilizing ED patient questionnaires linked with prospective shelter administrative data. The outcome was shelter entry documented in administrative data within 6 months following the baseline ED visit. Exposures were responses to questions on homelessness risk factors from baseline questionnaires.Data collection/extraction methodsResearch assistants completed questionnaires with randomly sampled ED patients who were medically stable, not in police/prison custody, and spoke English or Spanish. Questionnaires were linked to administrative data using deterministic and probabilistic matching.Principal findingsOf 1993 ED patients who were not homeless at baseline, 5.6% entered a shelter in the next 6 months. A screening tool consisting of two measures of past shelter use and one of past criminal justice involvement had 83.0% sensitivity and 20.4% positive predictive value for future shelter entry.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates the potential of using cross‐sector data to improve hospital initiatives to address patients' social needs.
Is there enough behaviour change science in nutrition and dietetics curricula in Australia and New Zealand? A descriptive study
Authors: Rigby Roshan R. , Williams Lauren T. , Ball Lauren , Hamilton Kyra , Mitchell Lana 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimThe application of behaviour change science is fundamental to the role of dietitians. This study aimed to describe how behaviour change science is embedded within the curricula of accredited/registered dietetics programs in Australia and New Zealand.MethodsA descriptive study triangulated quantitative document analysis of curricula content from university websites (Part 1) with qualitative, structured interviews with dietetics academics (Part 2). Part 2 verified and advanced upon information captured in Part 1 and was analysed using thematic content analysis.ResultsTwenty‐five courses from 18 university programs (15 Australia and 3 New Zealand) were synthesised. Fifteen interviews (12 Australia, 3 New Zealand) were conducted. Behaviour change science was taught and assessed at varying levels across all programs. It was taught primarily within lectures or workshops where students apply skills learnt in practical case‐based activities, and assessed through small group education planning or demonstrating communication and counselling skills. Five themes were identified from the interviews: (1) behaviour change science should be foundational; (2) integrate and scaffold within curricula; (3) structural limitations within curricula; (4) challenging for students and (5) recommendations for competencies.ConclusionBehaviour change science is clearly of value to the dietetics profession. Core content appears to be embedded across all university programs; however, the level and depth of the content varied. The knowledge gained from this study provides direction for curricular improvements.