bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships of Changes in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior With Changes in Physical Fitness and Cardiometabolic Risk Profile in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: The Italian Diabetes and Exercise Study 2 (IDES_2)
Authors: Balducci Stefano , Haxhi Jonida , Sacchetti Massimo , Orlando Giorgio , Cardelli Patrizia , Vitale Martina , Mattia Lorenza , Iacobini Carla , Bollanti Lucilla , Conti Francesco , Zanuso Silvano , Nicolucci Antonio , Pugliese Giuseppe 
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE
In the Italian Diabetes and Exercise Study_2 (IDES_2), behavioral counseling promoted a sustained increase in physical activity (PA) volume (+3.3 MET h ⋅ week−1), moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA) (+6.4 min ⋅ day−1), and light-intensity PA (LPA) (+0.8 h ⋅ day−1) and decrease in sedentary time (SED-time) (−0.8 h ⋅ day−1). Here, we investigated the relationships of changes in PA/SED-time with changes in physical fitness and cardiometabolic risk profile in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In this 3-year randomized clinical trial, 300 physically inactive and sedentary patients were randomized 1:1 to receive 1-month theoretical and practical counseling once a year or standard care. Changes in physical fitness and cardiovascular risk factors/scores according to quartiles of accelerometer-measured changes in PA/SED-time were assessed, together with univariate and multivariable associations between these parameters, in the whole cohort and by study arm.

RESULTS
Physical fitness increased and HbA1c and coronary heart disease 10-year risk scores decreased with quartiles of MVPA and SED-time change. In quartile IV of MVPA increase and SED-time decrease, cardiorespiratory fitness increased by 5.23 and 4.49 mL ⋅ min−1 ⋅ kg−1 and HbA1c decreased by 0.73 and 0.85%, respectively. Univariate correlations confirmed these relationships, and mean changes in both MPVA and SED-time predicted changes in physical fitness and cardiovascular risk factors/scores independently of one another and of other confounders. Similar findings were observed with LPA and PA volume and in each group separately.

CONCLUSIONS
Even modest increments in MVPA may have a clinically meaningful impact, and reallocating SED-time to LPA may also contribute to improved outcomes, possibly by increasing total energy expenditure.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar IPA Materi Menggolongkan Hewan Berdasarkan Jenis Makanannya Melalui Penerapan Metode Picture and Picture
Authors: Rohman Taufiqur , Syafa'ah Laily 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRAC The learning process of Natural Sciences (IPA) in MI Tarbiyatul Ulum Jembrak Pabelan District. Semarang, still uses the expository method where the teacher explains the material and students only listen and take notes. So the method used by the teacher in the learning process does not improve the learning outcomes of science. It requires student participation in other activities such as asking questions, doing exercises, doing homework (homework), going to the front of the class, holding discussions, and issuing ideas or ideas.By applying the picture and picture method the type of research the researcher uses is Classroom Action Research, which includes 4 stages: planning, action, observation, reflection. The results of the implementation are evaluated in reflection to compile improvements up to two cycles, while observation, documentation, and formative tests are used research data collection techniques.Based on classroom action research that has been done, it can be obtained that the learning outcomes of students from the first cycle reached KKM by 16 students or 74.09% with the second cycle reaching KKM by 20 students or 90.9%. So there is an increase in learning outcomes of 4 students or 18.18%. It can be concluded that the method of picture and picture can attract the attention of students so that it can improve the learning outcomes of science, this is shown by students actively involved in the learning process in class and satisfying test results. Keywords : Picture and Picture, Learning Outcomes, Classifying Animals
Problematika Pembelajaran Matematika di SD Muhammadiyah Kampa Full Day School
Authors: Nisa Annisa , MZ Zubaidah Amir , Vebrianto Rian 
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mendapatkan informasi mengenai problematika pada pembelajaran matematika di sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini merupkan penelitian survey deskriptif kualitatif. Rentang waktu penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober 2020. Dalam penelitian ini terdapat 2 narasumber yaitu guru SD Muhammadiyah Kampa Full Day School. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini yaitu melalui wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada beberapa problematika yang dialami guru dalam pembelajaran matematika yang meliputi: aspek guru kesulitan mengembangkan materi yang ada dalam buku karena teralu banyak materi yang akan diajarkan dan guru hanya menggunakan pendekatan pembelajaran konvensional. untuk aspek peserta didik yaitu kurangnya minat belajar siswa pada pelajaran matematika, pemahaman konsep yang kurang matang, semangat belajar yang kurang dan siswa tidak termotivasi saat belajat matematika, dikalangan siswa banyak yang memandang matematika adalah mata pelajaran yang sulit dan membosankan, siswa sering kali menyelesaikan permasalahan dengan menggunakan rumus atau aturan yang umum dan ketidakkemampuan siswa belajar secara mandiri. Dan yang terakhir adalah aspek lingkungan suasana kelas yang kurang kondusif.Kata kunci: Belajar Matematika, Problematika Pembelajaran.
Model-Model Pembelajaran dalam Rumpun IPA Di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Dewi Rosdiana 
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini berisi kajian literatur model model pembelajaran yang berkaitan dalam rumpun IPA di SD. Ada 10 model model-model pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan yaitu: 1)Model Pembelajaran Somatic Auditory Visual Intelectual (SAVI), 2)Model Pembelajaran Kontekstual, 3)Model Pembelajaran Kolaboratif, 4)Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif, 5)Model Pembelajaran Quantum Teaching, 6)Model Pembelajaran Tematik, 7)Model Pembelajaran Konstruktivisme, 8)Model pembelajaran berbasis pengalaman (Experiential Learning), 9)Model pembelajaran siklus belajar (Learning Cycle), dan 10)Model pembelajaran mind mapping. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah literature review.Yaitu sebuah pencarian literatur baik internasional maupun nasional yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan jurnal terkait yang terdiri dari jurnal nasional dan jurnal internasional serta artikel artikel yang berkaitan dengan penelitian ini. Setelah membandingkan 10 model tersebut, penulis mengambil kesimpulan yang paling tepat digunakan adalah model pembelajaran kontekstual karena . Penerapan model kontekstual menggunakan 7 komponen atau asas pokok dalam kontekstual yaitu konstruktivisme (constructivism), inkuiri (inquiry), bertanya (questioning), masyarakat belajar (learning community), pemodelan (modeling),refleksi (reflection) dan penilaian sebenarnya (authentic assessment). Dengan demikian pengetahuan yang didapat siswa adalah hasil temuannya sendiri sehingga akan selalu di ingat oleh siswa, lebih mudah dipahami, dan lebih bermakna bagi siswa. Selain itu juga sesuai dengan pendekatan dan model pembelajaran yang di gunakan dalam K 13 .
Gambaran Kemampuan Literasi Sains Siswa Sekolah Dasar di Kota Padang (Studi Kasus Siswa di Sekolah Akreditasi A)
Authors: Safrizal Safrizal 
Published: November 2021

Literasi sains menjadi salah satu kemampuan abad 21 yang dibutuhkan di era reformasi industry 4.0. Pentingnya kemampuan literasi sains dipercaya langkah tepat dalam mempersiapkan berbagai persaingan global yang saat ini mulai masuk ke Indonesia. Namun, kemampuan ini masih menjadi hal yang sangat membutuhkan perhatian karena kemampuan rata-rata siswa Indonesa terkait dengan literasi sains masih berada di bawah rata-rata yang ditetapkan oleh PISA. Tujuan penelitian ini menitik beratkan pada gambaran kemampuan literasi sains siswa sekolah dasar di sekolah dengan Akreditasi A pada aspek konten, konteks dan sikap. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif guna menggambarkan secara keseluruhan kemampuan literasi sains dari tiga aspek yang diukur berdasarkan angket dan lembar observasi. Pemilihan sampel penelitian dilakukan dengan teknik . Sampel penelitian ini adalah Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri yang terakreditasi A. Untuk mengetahui gambaran kemampuan literasi sains, peneliti menggunakan angket untuk menguji konteks dan konten, serta lembar observasi untuk melihat aspek sikap. Analisis data dilakukan dengan rumus statistic deskriptif serta norma kategorisasi. Hasil penelitian diperoleh Kemampuan literasi sains pada aspek kontek berada pada kategori cukup dengan persenteasi 52%. Gambaran kemampuan literasi sains apada aspek konten berada pada kategori jarang Nampak, berdasarkan hasil dari lembar observasi yang diberikan. Selanjutnya kemampuan literasi sains pada aspek sikap menunjukkan persentasi 68%. Rendahnya kemampuan aspek konten diyakini karena sekolah dengan Akreditasi A memiliki keketatan terkait kemampuan kognisi, namun belum maksimal pada kemampuan konten yang merujuk pada keyakinan siswa dalam melaksanakan prinsip IPA dalam memecahkan permasalahan sehari-hari. Kata kunci: Literasi sains, Siswa Sekolah Dasar, Aspek Konten, Aspek Konteks, Aspek Sikap.
Pengembangan Modul Seni Musik Berbasis Experiential Learning untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Bermain Musik pada Mata Pelajaran Seni Budaya dan Prakarya Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Nugraha Jaka , - Santoso , - Murtono 
Published: November 2021

The objectives of this study were (1) to analyze the needs of-based music modules experiential learning to improve the ability to play music in elementary school students, (2) to analyze the feasibility of the-based music art module module experiential learning to improve the ability to play music in elementary school students, (3) ) to analyze the effectiveness of the music art module based on experiential learning to improve the ability to play music in elementary school students. This research uses Research and Depelopment research methods referring to the 10 stages of Borg and Gall. Data collection used is the technique of observation, interviews, and performance of ability to play music. The analysis used in this research is quantitative and qualitative analysis, including the practice of musical instruments, learning observations, and validation of the musical arts module product. The product analysis of the musical arts module based on experiential learning to improve cultural arts and crafts in elementary schools includes 6 stages. Sources of data in this study were teachers and students of class VI SDN Magung 03 and SDN 04 Nagreg. The results of the development of the musical arts module based on experiential learning contain the need for a special module which includes basic learning and the stages of learning in detail, therefore the development of a music art module based on experiential learning is made. After being validated by the validator, it gets a score of 87.5 with category valid. Then the-based music art module is experiential learning applied to the experimental class and the calculation results using the t test are obtained sig 5%, meaning that there is an increase in the ability to play music using the-based music art module experiential learning then the N-gain is 0.4 in the moderate category. The effectiveness test in this study was carried out by comparing the performance results of the student's ability to play music in the control class and the experimental class. It is found that tcount is 6.9. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the musical arts module based on experiential learning can be used in learning cultural arts and crafts in high classes. Hopefully it can inspire teachers to innovate in other learning.
“Free Kurdistan”: Difficult Road to Self-Determination (1970s — XXI Century)
Authors: Vartanyan E. G. 
Published: November 2021

The period of the struggle of South (Iraqi) Kurdistan for self-determination, namely such events as its transformation into the center of the Kurdish national movement in the Middle East and the proclamation of the Kurdish Autonomous Region (KAR) in 1974 is considered. The creation of a legal precedent, which has acquired an international character, is commented on. The recognition by the Iraqi government of the right of the Kurds to territorial autonomy is assessed as an undoubted success of the national movement of the Kurdish minority. It is noted that the development of the draft of Interim Constitution was preceded by a long discussion between Shiite Arabs, Sunni Arabs and Kurds on the future administrative structure of the country. It is shown that the Baathist regime was not going to solve the Kurdish problem in the country on a truly democratic basis, but only created the appearance of a solution to the issue in order to remove internal and international tensions. The author dwells on the repressive measures of the government of Saddam Hussein against the Kurds. The mass character of repressive measures during the Iranian-Iraqi war of 1980—1988 is emphasized.
Germany’s Nuclear Energy Refusal Policy: from Conflict to Compromise
Authors: Zimakov A. V. 
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the political process of Germany’s abandonment of nuclear energy. The results of a comparative analysis of government decisions taken over the course of one decade, but different in nature and having different consequences for the nuclear industry are presented in the paper. Special attention is paid to the issue of interaction between the government and energy companies in the context of the decisions of 2002 and 2011. It is shown that the abandonment of atomic energy in 2002 was a compromise solution, taking into account both the political desire of society to stop the operation of the nuclear power plant, and the economic interests of energy concerns. The author analyzes the consequences of the unilateral decision of the FRG government in 2011, infringing on the interests of the nuclear lobby, which led to many years of litigation that ended in favor of energy concerns. A review of the final compromise agreements between the companies and the government governing the issue of fair compensation for the early shutdown of nuclear power plants was carried out. Based on a comparative analysis of the two decisions on Germany’s withdrawal from nuclear energy and their consequences, it is concluded that, when entire industries are closed for political reasons, consultations with the involvement of all interested parties are necessary to work out an acceptable compromise.
V. V. von Wal as Head of Vilnius Province in 1901—1902
Authors: Krot M. N. 
Published: November 2021

The activities of one of the typical representatives of the Russian regional bureaucracy of the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries — Viktor Vilhelmovich von Wal as governor of Vilnius province, which he held from 1901 to 1902 is examined in the article. Particular attention is paid to the circumstances of his appointment to this position, which was due to attempts at administrative reorganization of the management of the northwestern outskirts of Russia. A brief analysis of the socio-political situation that had developed by the beginning of the 20th century in the Vilnius province is given and it is indicated that the most acute problem during this period was the active labor movement, which had a mixed socio-ethnic character in the region. It is concluded that the management model implemented by von Wahl, which was based on the traditional administrative-power dominant, did not correspond to the situation in the region and provoked an increase in the degree of violence in the province. It is noted that, despite the short-term tenure of von Waal as governor of Vilna, it had a number of important consequences, demonstrating the premature liquidation of the institution of the governor-general in the region and the need to soften the administrative policy towards the local population.
Institute of Sympathizers of AUCP(b) in West Siberian Territory: Revival, Functioning, Significance (February 1934 — September 1937)
Authors: Morozova T. I. 
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to the creation and functioning of the institute of sympathizers of the AUCP(b) in the West Siberian Territory in February 1934 — September 1937. On the basis of a wide range of sources, including those introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, the reasons, prerequisites and circumstances of the revival of this institute are considered. Among other things, it was established that the formation of groups of sympathizers in Western Siberia began later than in other regions of the USSR, and only after their existence was officially enshrined in the Charter of the AUCP(b). The article reveals the main ways of recruiting groups of sympathizers, traces the dynamics of their number in the West Siberian region, clarifies the quantitative and qualitative composition. It is shown that the institution of sympathizers had serious potential, which, nevertheless, was not realized due to such subjective factors as the weakness of the organizational and ideological work of local party organizations. It was concluded that neither in the West Siberian Territory, nor in the USSR as a whole, the institution of sympathizers did not cope with the role assigned to it as the main personnel reserve of the AUCP(b).
Leisure in Time Budgets of Soviet Citizens in1920s — Early 1930s
Authors: Sidorchuk I. V. 
Published: November 2021

The issues of studying the time budgets of various categories of the Soviet population in the 1920s — early 1930s is examined in the article. Special attention is paid to the role of leisure in the everyday life of the Soviet person and the reasons for its insufficient prevalence. The results of a comparative analysis of materials on the study of the role of leisure in the time budgets of workers, students, engineers, party workers are presented. The question is raised about the difference in the place of leisure in the time budgets between men and women, as well as residents of capitals and provinces. The provisions and methods of historical anthropology, the history of everyday life and leisure, problem-chronological and comparative-historical methods are used the article. A review of the general and specific features for various categories of the population in the time spent on leisure has been carried out. An assessment of the degree of representativeness of the results of the studies of time budgets carried out in the period under consideration is given. It is concluded that the time that the legislation relied on for rest in practice was either engaged in work or wasted unproductively. It was proved that the main reasons for this were the irregularity of the working day, additional work and irrational organization of free time.
Mentality and Stereotypes of Social Behavior in Everyday Life of 1950—1980s (Documentary Evidence of Evolution)
Authors: Stoletova A. S. 
Published: November 2021

On the basis of archival sources brought into scientific circulation for the first time, extracted from the fund of the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History, the issue of public perception of the social and material conditions of life in the 1950—1980s is highlighted in the article. The problem of establishing new social archetypes, the formation of which becomes possible in the context of the approval of the newly acquired value foundations of economic behavior, the acceptability of informal economic practices, as well as activities aimed at strengthening material wealth is raised. The circumstances of the metamorphosis in the ideological attitudes and stereotypes of thinking of representatives of the party nomenklatura, production managers, top managers, workers and rural workers are commented on. Attention is paid to the issue of traditions of communality, collectivism, Soviet labor ideology. The author describes the reaction of the authorities to changes in the world order, which are expressed in the transformation of ideological constructs and paternalistic mentality-forming constants of the consciousness of the Russian people. The author comes to the conclusion that during the 1950—1980s, changes in everyday social ideas and traditions, mentality, thinking testified to the growing social division, which ultimately became the basis of the crisis of the 1990s.
Eucharistie als Quelle für den karitativen Einsatz der Kirche
Authors: Anderwald Andrzej 
Published: November 2021

Eucharystia jako źródło dla charytatywnej działalności Kościoła

Jak ustrzec charytatywne działania Kościoła przed sekularyzacją i pomijaniem odniesień do Boga? Jak nadać tym działaniom właściwy sens? Jak odzyskać chrześcijańską tożsamość kościelnej Caritas? Konstytucja o liturgii świętej Sacrosanctum Concilium Soboru Watykańskiego II określa Eucharystię jako źródło i szczyt życia chrześcijańskiego i centrum życia całego Kościoła (nr 10). Z tego powodu, aby nie utracić chrześcijańskiego charakteru charytatywnego zaangażowania Kościoła, lecz jeszcze bardziej go wydobyć, wydaje się ważnym powrót do źródła chrześcijańskiego życia. Chodzi o ponowne odkrycie na nowo związków między Eucharystią a charytatywną posługą Kościoła. Taka perspektywa wyznacza cel podjętych rozważań, które obejmują trzy etapy: najpierw zostanie przedstawione znaczenie Eucharystii dla budowania wspólnoty kościelnej (1); następnie ukazanie Eucharystii jako miejsca objawienia miłości Chrystusa (2); oraz jako posłania do realizacji miłości bliźniego (3).

Słowa klucze: Eucharystia, wspólnota Kościoła, praca charytatywna, misja Kościoła
Reforma liturgiczna Soboru Watykańskiego II w opinii i życiu alumnów Archidiecezjalnego Seminarium Duchownego w Krakowie w latach jej wprowadzania
Authors: Mieczkowski Janusz Andrzej 
Published: November 2021

Ojcowie Soboru Watykańskiego II zdawali sobie sprawę, że właściwe wprowadzenie odnowy liturgicznej będzie uzależnione od tego, w jaki sposób samo duchowieństwo będzie przygotowywane do przyjęcia reformy liturgicznej. Artykuł przedstawia w jaki sposób realizowana była formacja liturgiczna alumnów Archidiecezjalnego Seminarium Duchownego w Krakowie w czasie wprowadzania odnowy liturgicznej (od lat sześćdziesiątych do osiemdziesiątych XX wieku). Formacja ta była realizowana była poprzez następujące elementy: poznanie nauki soborowej poprzez wykłady liturgiki, referaty zaproszonych gości, sesje i sympozja naukowe, kleryckie koło miłośników liturgii oraz poznanie obrzędów zreformowanej liturgii w kaplicy Seminaryjnej lub Katedrze Wawelskiej. Klerycy mieli także możliwość zaprezentowania swoich własnych przemyśleń na temat odnowy liturgicznej publikując artykuły w wewnętrznym seminaryjnym czasopiśmie „Novum Tempus Liberum”.
Obowiązek Obowiązek odmawiania liturgii godzin przez diakonów stałych (kan. 276 § 2 nr 3)
Authors: Adamczyk Jerzy 
Published: November 2021

Obowiązek odmawiania liturgii godzin przez diakonów stałych (kan. 276 § 2 nr 3)
Celem artykułu jest ukazanie zagadnienia odmawiania liturgii godzin przez diakonów stałych. Kodeks zobowiązuje diakonów stałych do odmawiania części liturgii godzin, określonej przez konferencję episkopatu. W pierwszej części artykułu przedstawiono kwestię kształtowania się obowiązku sprawowania liturgii godzin w Kościele. W drugiej części ukazano liturgię godzin diakonów stałych według obowiązującego prawa kanonicznego, natomiast część trzecia została poświęcona normom komplementarnym konferencji episkopatów odnośnie do liturgii godzin diakonów stałych. Całość artykułu zamyka podsumowanie i bibliografia.