bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of close surgical margins on recurrence in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Solomon Joseph , Hinther Ashley , Matthews T. Wayne , Nakoneshny Steven C. , Hart Rob , Dort Joseph C. , Chandarana Shamir P. 
Published: February 2021

Background Close margins influence treatment and outcome in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study evaluates 187 cases of surgically treated OSCC regarding the impact of close margins on recurrence-free survival (RFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). Methods Predictors of worsened outcome were identified using Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results Tumour size [HR:1.70(0.95–3.08)], nodal status [HR:2.15(1.00–4.64)], presence of extracapsular spread (ECS) [HR:6.36(2.41–16.74)] and smoking history [HR:2.87(1.19–6.86)] were associated with worsened RFS. Similar factors were associated with worsened DSS. Close margins did not influence RFS or DSS. Conclusions While most conventional risk factors for OSCC conferred a worsened outcome, close margins did not. One explanation for this would be that close margins (< 5 mm) are equivalent to clear margins and the cutoff definition for a close margin should be re-evaluated. Lack of standardized pathology could also reduce accuracy of reporting of close surgical margins. Graphical Abstract
Comparable emotional dynamics in women with ADHD and borderline personality disorder
Authors: Moukhtarian Talar R. , Reinhard Iris , Moran Paul , Ryckaert Celine , Skirrow Caroline , Ebner-Priemer Ulrich , Asherson Philip 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Emotional dysregulation (ED) is a core diagnostic symptom in borderline personality disorder (BPD) and an associated feature of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We aimed to investigate differences in dynamical indices of ED in daily life in ADHD and BPD.

Methods
We used experience sampling method (ESM) and multilevel modelling to assess momentary changes in reports of affective symptoms, and retrospective questionnaire measures of ED in a sample of 98 adult females with ADHD, BPD, comorbid ADHD+BPD and healthy controls.

Results
We found marked differences between the clinical groups and healthy controls. However, the ESM assessments did not show differences in the intensity of feeling angry and irritable, and the instability of feeling sad, irritable and angry, findings paralleled by data from retrospective questionnaires. The heightened intensity in negative emotions in the clinical groups compared to controls was only partially explained by bad events at the time of reporting negative emotions, suggesting both reactive and endogenous influences on ED in both ADHD and BPD.

Conclusions
This study supports the view that ED is a valuable trans-diagnostic aspect of psychopathology in both ADHD and BPD, with similar levels of intensity and instability. These findings suggest that the presence or severity of ED should not be used in clinical practice to distinguish between the two disorders.
It’s Time to Change Direction on Agility Research: a Call to Action
Authors: Young Warren , Rayner Russell , Talpey Scott 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAgility is an important skill for both attackers and defenders in invasion sports such as codes of football. On the sporting field, agility requires reacting to a stimulus, often presented by an opponent’s movement, before a change of direction or speed. There is a plethora of research that examines the movement component of agility in isolation, which is described as change-of-direction (COD) ability, and this is thought to underpin agility performance. This opinion article proposes that COD ability should not be researched as the only or primary outcome measure when the objective is to inform agility performance in invasion sports. It is argued that pre-planned COD movements and tests lack ecological validity because they lack perception-action coupling and involve movement out of context from the game. The movement techniques and strength qualities required for the performance of COD tests can be quite different to those required for agility. It is suggested that COD tests can be applied to sports that involve pre-planned COD movements, but researchers should endeavour to use agility tests when studying invasion sports. Some new methods for assessing one-on-one agility contests are reported as potentially valuable for future research, and examples of research questions are provided.
Electron Dynamics in Molecular Elementary Processes and Chemical Reactions
Authors: Takatsuka Kazuo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This account places a particular emphasis on recent progress in the theory and its applications of nonadiabatic electron dynamics in chemical science. After a brief description of the fundamental relevance of the breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, we show examples of our extensive and systematic application of electron dynamics to highlight the significance and necessity of beyond-Born-Oppenheimer chemistry. The chemical subjects presented herewith cover (1) characteristic phenomena arising from nonadiabatic dynamics, (2) flow of electrons during chemical reactions and ionization dynamics, (3) symmetry breaking and its possible control in chemical reactions emerging from multi-dimensional nonadiabatic interactions, a special example which can cause possible breakdown of molecular mirror symmetry, (4) physical mechanism of charge separation in organic compounds and biomolecules, (5) essential roles of charge separation and elementary chemical reaction mechanisms in catalytic cycles of Mn oxo complexes up to Mn4CaO5 in water splitting dynamics (2H2O → 4H+ + 4e− + O2), (6) chemical bonds and huge electronic state fluctuation in densely quasi-degenerate electronic manifolds, which make chemistry without the notion of potential energy surfaces, and so on. All these materials and issues have been chosen because they are not directly resolved by the method of energetics based on time-independent quantum chemistry. We thus have been exploring, developing, and cultivating a new chemical realm beyond the Born-Oppenheimer paradigm. This account is closed with a scope about the theory of simultaneous electronic and nuclear quantum wavepacket dynamics.
Electron Density-based Estimation of Diradical Character: An Easy Scheme for DFT/Plane-wave Calculations
Authors: Tada Kohei , Kitagawa Yasutaka , Kawakami Takashi , Okumura Mitsutaka , Tanaka Shingo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Density functional theory calculations with plane-wave basis sets are often used for theoretical investigations of solid materials; nevertheless, analysis techniques for open shell structures are insufficient. In this study, we established an electron density-based estimation scheme for the diradical character (y). The values estimated by the proposed and conventional schemes are consistent. Additionally, the estimated y values are qualitatively the same as the experimentally obtained values, and the values obtained using plane-wave and atom-centred basis sets are equal.
Incidence of pressure ulcer in patients using an alternating pressure mattress overlay: the ACTIVE study
Authors: Meaume Sylvie , Rousseaux Chantal , Marty Marc 
Published: February 2021

Objective: The primary objective was to determine the clinical benefit of using a specific alternating-pressure mattress overlay (APMO) in the prevention of pressure ulcer (PU) in patients at medium to high risk. Method: This prospective study was conducted in five rehabilitation centres and three nursing homes. Patients at medium to high risk of PU, but without PU at baseline, and lying between 15 and 20 hours per day on a specific APMO were included. The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients who developed a sacral, spine, heel or trochanteric PU (supine support areas) of at least category II, at day 35. All patients were included in the analysis. Results: A total of 89 patients were included; of whom six patients (6.7%) dropped out of the study (average (±standard deviation) follow-up 32±5.4 days). No sacral, spine, heel or trochanteric PU of at least category II was reported (i.e., an incidence of 0% [95% Confidence Interval: 0–4.1%] according to the exact Clopper–Pearson method]. Patients were ‘satisfied’ or ‘very satisfied’ with the comfort and stability of the APMO. The caregivers assessed as ‘very easy’ or ‘easy’ the implementation, maintenance and use of the APMO (turning over, moving to a sitting position). Conclusion: In combination with the usual measures to prevent PU, the results of our study showed a low incidence of PU in high-risk patients lying for between 15 and 20 hours a day on an APMO, use of which is therefore recommended in these patients.
The effect of a Housing First intervention on primary care retention among homeless individuals with mental illness
Authors: Whisler Adam , Dosani Naheed , To Matthew J. , O’Brien Kristen , Young Samantha , Hwang Stephen W. 
Published: February 2021

Background
Primary care retention, defined as ongoing periodic contact with a consistent primary care provider, is beneficial for people with serious chronic illnesses. This study examined the effect of a Housing First intervention on primary care retention among homeless individuals with mental illness.

Methods
Two hundred individuals enrolled in the Toronto site of the At Home Project and randomized to Housing First or Treatment As Usual were studied. Medical records were reviewed to determine if participants were retained in primary care, defined as having at least one visit with the same primary care provider in each of two consecutive six-month periods during the 12 month period preceding and following randomization.

Results
Medical records were obtained for 47 individuals randomized to Housing First and 40 individuals randomized to Treatment As Usual. During the one year period following randomization, the proportion of Housing First and Treatment As Usual participants retained in primary care was not significantly different (38.3% vs. 47.5%, p = 0.39). The change in primary care retention rates from the year preceding randomization to the year following randomization was +10.6% in the Housing First group and -5.0% in the Treatment As Usual group.

Conclusion
Among homeless individuals with mental illness, Housing First did not significantly affect primary care retention over the follow-up period. These findings suggest Housing First interventions may need to place greater emphasis on connecting clients with primary care providers.
Older adults’ motivations to participate or not in epidemiological research. Qualitative inquiry on a study into dementia in Switzerland
Authors: Fiordelli Maddalena , Fadda Marta , Amati Rebecca , Albanese Emiliano 
Published: February 2021

Introduction
High participation in epidemiological studies is crucial for both external and internal validity. Because response rates have declined in recent years, there is an increasing need to understand the drivers and the barriers to research participation. This study aims to uncover the motivations in favour and against participation of older adults to an epidemiological study on health and dementia.

Methods
Twenty-two older adults, who already took part to the preliminary phase of an epidemiological study in Switzerland, agreed to participate to semi-structured, face-to- face interviews. An experienced researcher carried out all interviews in a quiet place of choice of the interviewee either at their domicile or the university, between November 2019 and January 2020. The interviews were audio and video taped, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analysed by two independent researchers.

Results
We identified three main themes for the motivations in favour of participation (i.e. personal, related to the outcomes of research, and altruistic motivations), and we highlighted subthemes for each theme (e.g. personal motivations: curiosity; civic engagement; interest in the topic; trust in science; everyone counts; openness; play the game). Motivations against participation reflected the first two themes, while there was no counterpart for altruistic motivations.

Conclusions
Our thematic analysis revealed that older adults hold specular motivations in favour and against participation to research. Studying jointly motivations in favour and against provides information for recruitment strategies and to overcome barriers to participation, respectively. Participatory action research can inform the design and conduction of and should precede epidemiological studies in older adults, and can potentially contribute to attain high response rates.
Media Permainan Kotak dan Kartu Misterius (KOKAMI) untuk Meningkatkan Keaktifan Siswa Kelas VII dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab
Authors: Umi Khotijah  , Nisa Syuhda  
Published: February 2021

The activeness of students in the process of teaching and learning activities needs attention so that the learning process can produce maximum results. Seeing the inactivity of class VII students of MTs Taruna al-Qur'an Yogyakarta in the Arabic language learning process initiated researchers to conduct experimental research on the use of the mysterious box and card games (KOKAMI) in the Arabic learning process which aims to determine differences in student activity between experimental groups with the control group after the application of KOKAMI media. This type of research is quasi-experimental research (Quasi-Experimental) using a quantitative approach. The research subjects consisted of class VIIA students as the experimental class and class VIIB students as the control class. The data were obtained based on the results of observations, interviews and questionnaires which were then analyzed quantitatively descriptively using paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test with the help of SPSS16. The results showed that Arabic learning activity increased after the implementation of KOKAMI media. Based on the independent sample t-test, it was obtained a post-experimental value of 0.017 <0.05 and a post-control value of 0.017 <0.05, it can be concluded that there was a significant difference between the students' Arabic learning activeness in the experimental class and the control class.
Abstrak: Keaktifan siswa dalam proses kegiatan belajar mengajar perlu mendapat perhatian agar proses pembelajaran dapat membuahkan hasil yang maksimal. Melihat kurang aktifnya siswa kelas VII MTs Taruna al-Qur’an Yogyakarta dalam proses pembelajaran bahasa Arab menginisiasi peneliti dalam melakukan penelitian eksperimen penggunaan media permainan kotak dan kartu misterius (KOKAMI) dalam proses pembelajaran bahasa Arab yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan keaktifan siswa antara kelompok eksperimen dengan kelompok kontrol setelah diterapkannya media KOKAMI. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu (Quasi Experimental) dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Subyek penelitian terdiri dari siswa kelas VIIA sebagai kelas eksperimen dan siswa kelas VIIB sebagai kelas kontrol. Data diperoleh berdasarkan pada hasil observasi, wawancara dan kuesioner yang kemudian dianalisis secara kuntitatif deskriptif menggunakan uji paired sample t-test dan independent sample t-test dengan bantuan SPSS16. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keaktifan belajar bahasa Arab meningkat setelah diterapkannya media KOKAMI. Berdasarkan uji independent sample t-test diperoleh nilai post-eksperimen sebesar 0,017<0,05 dan nilai post-kontrol 0,017<0,05, maka dapat disimpulkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara keaktifan belajar bahasa Arab siswa kelas eksperimen dengan kelas kontrol.
The Brunn--Minkowski inequality and a Minkowski problem for 𝒜-harmonic Green's function
Authors: Akman Murat , Lewis John , Saari Olli , Vogel Andrew 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this article we study two classical problems in convex geometry associated to

𝒜

{\mathcal{A}}

-harmonic PDEs, quasi-linear elliptic PDEs whose structure is modelled on the p-Laplace equation. Let p be fixed with

2
≤
n
≤
p
<
∞

{2\leq n\leq p<\infty}

. For a convex compact set E in

ℝ
n

{\mathbb{R}^{n}}

, we define and then prove the existence and uniqueness of the so-called

𝒜

{\mathcal{A}}

-harmonic Green’s function for the complement of E with pole at infinity. We then define a quantity

C
𝒜

⁢

(
E
)

{\mathrm{C}_{\mathcal{A}}(E)}

which can be seen as the behavior of this function near infinity.
In the first part of this article, we prove that

C
𝒜

⁢

(
⋅
)

{\mathrm{C}_{\mathcal{A}}(\,\cdot\,)}

satisfies the following Brunn–Minkowski-type inequality:

[

C
𝒜

⁢

(

λ
⁢

E
1

+

(

1
-
λ

)

⁢

E
2

)

]

1

p
-
n

≥

λ
⁢

[

C
𝒜

⁢

(

E
1

)

]

1

p
-
n

+

(

1
-
λ

)

⁢

[

C
𝒜

⁢

(

E
2

)

]

1

p
-
n

[\mathrm{C}_{\mathcal{A}}(\lambda E_{1}+(1-\lambda)E_{2})]^{\frac{1}{p-n}}\geq%
\lambda[\mathrm{C}_{\mathcal{A}}(E_{1})]^{\frac{1}{p-n}}+(1-\lambda)[\mathrm{C%
}_{\mathcal{A}}(E_{2})]^{\frac{1}{p-n}}

when

n
<
p
<
∞

{n<p<\infty}

,

0
≤
λ
≤
1

{0\leq\lambda\leq 1}

, and

E
1

,

E
2

{E_{1},E_{2}}

are nonempty convex compact sets in

ℝ
n

{\mathbb{R}^{n}}

. While

p
=
n

{p=n}

then

C
𝒜

⁢

(

λ
⁢

E
1

+

(

1
-
λ

)

⁢

E
2

)

≥

λ
⁢

C
𝒜

⁢

(

E
1

)

+

(

1
-
λ

)

⁢

C
𝒜

⁢

(

E
2

)

,

\mathrm{C}_{\mathcal{A}}(\lambda E_{1}+(1-\lambda)E_{2})\geq\lambda\mathrm{C}_%
{\mathcal{A}}(E_{1})+(1-\lambda)\mathrm{C}_{\mathcal{A}}(E_{2}),

where

0
≤
λ
≤
1

{0\leq\lambda\leq 1}

and

E
1

,

E
2

{E_{1},E_{2}}

are convex compact sets in

ℝ
n

{\mathbb{R}^{n}}

containing at least two points.
Moreover, if equality holds in the either of the above inequalities for some

E
1

{E_{1}}

and

E
2

{E_{2}}

, then under certain
regularity and structural assumptions on

𝒜

{\mathcal{A}}

we show that these two sets are homothetic.
The classical Minkowski problem asks for necessary and sufficient conditions on a non-negative
Borel measure on the unit sphere

𝕊

n
-
1

{\mathbb{S}^{n-1}}

to be the surface area
measure of a convex compact set in

ℝ
n

{\mathbb{R}^{n}}

under the Gauss mapping for the boundary of this convex set.
In the second part of this article we study a Minkowski-type problem for a measure
associated to the

𝒜

{\mathcal{A}}

-harmonic Green’s function for the complement of
a convex compact set E when

n
≤
p
<
∞

{n\leq p<\infty}

. If

μ
E

{\mu_{E}}

denotes this measure,
then we show that necessary and sufficient conditions for existence under this setting are
exactly the same conditions as in the classical Minkowski problem. Using the Brunn–Minkowski
inequality result from the first part, we also show that this problem has a unique solution up to translation.
Impact of artificial airway resistances on regional ventilation distribution during airway closure
Authors: März Melanie , Howe Sarah , Laufer Bernhard , Moeller Knut , Krueger-Ziolek Sabine 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT), a noninvasive and radiation-free imaging technique can be used in pulmonary function monitoring for determining regional ventilation distribution within the lung. Gold standard in pulmonary function monitoring is spirometry/body plethysmography, a method using forced breathing maneuvers to obtain global lung function parameters. However, this method is heavily dependent on the cooperation of the patients. Within this observational study, a method under normal breathing was tested with 5 healthy volunteers, which provides regional information about ventilation distribution. The occlusion method Rocc, a method for determining airway resistance, was used to create a short-term airway closure. Regional ventilation during the airway closure was examined with EIT. Simultaneously four different artificial airway resistances were used to simulate airway obstructions. Results show that EIT in combination with the ROcc method is suitable for the detection of regional differences in ventilation during airway closure for all four artificial airway resistances. Although the sum of relative impedances at the end of the shutter maneuver are smaller (nearly -0.100 AU) for the airway resistances Ø 12.5 mm, Ø 10.5 mm and Ø 9.5 mm than for the smallest one with Ø 30.0 mm (~ -0.070 AU), the changes in impedance from the start to the end of the shutter maneuver differs only slightly between the four artificial airway resistances. All impedance changes are in the range of 0.100 to 0.130 AU. The combination of EIT and the ROcc method provides not only global parameters such as airway resistance under normal breathing conditions, but also results of regional ventilation, which could enable the identification of areas affected by airway obstructions. However, the obtained results indicate that EIT might be a useful tool in the diagnosis and follow-up of obstructive lung diseases.
A Deep-Learning Approach to Detect Fiducials in Planar X-Ray Images for Undistortion of Conventional C-Arm Images
Authors: Alvarez-Gomez Julio , Arne Spieß , Hubert Roth , Jürgen Wahrburg 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In some applications such as 2D-3D registration, undistorted images are required to achieve optimal results. These types of images can be obtained from a distortion-free C-arm (flat-panel detector) or by undistorting the images given from a conventional C-arm (analogue image intensifier.) Undistorting images require a plate with fiducials connected to the C-arm detector. Detecting fiducials is affected by differences in the image contrast due to elements in the background. Therefore, the results vary from image to image and could require manual tuning of parameters. We propose a deep-learning approach for detecting undistortion-platefiducials in X-ray images to overcome the drawbacks previously stated. With an undistortion plate, we took 1120 XRays using a C-arm in different poses. Every X-ray is afterward cut into 60 sub-images. We used these sub-images for training a convolutional neural network (CNN). Comparing the CNN and a traditional image processing method based on the Hough Circle algorithm, we found that the detected fiducials using the traditional method give a similar fiducial positioning error. Nevertheless, the fiducial detection rate goes from 89.7% using the traditional method to 100% with the developed CNN. The results show that the detection rate and precision of our deep-learning approach guarantee the undistortion of conventional C-Arm images.
Automated Cephalometric Landmark Localization using a Coupled Shape Model
Authors: Wirtz Andreas , Lam Julian , Wesarg Stefan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Cephalometric analysis is an important method in orthodontics for the diagnosis and treatment of patients. It is performed manually in clinical practice, therefore automation of this time consuming task would be of great assistance. In order to provide dentists with such tools, a robust and accurate identification of the necessary landmarks is required. However, poor image quality of lateral cephalograms like low contrast or noise make this task difficult. In this paper, an approach for automatic landmark localization is presented and used to find 19 landmarks in lateral cephalometric images. An initial predicting of the individual landmark locations is done by using a 2-D coupled shape model to utilize the spatial relation between landmarks and other anatomical structures. These predictions are refined with a Hough Forest to determine the final landmark location. The approach achieves competitive performance with a successful detection rate of 70.24% on 250 images for the clinically relevant 2mm accuracy range.