bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Cricothyroid versus Spray-As-You-Go Method for Topical Anesthesia during Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration (EBUS-TBNA)
Authors: Mittal Saurabh , Gupta Nishkarsh , Iyer Hariharan , Biswal Shiba Kalyan , Tiwari Pawan , Hadda Vijay , Mohan Anant , Guleria Randeep , Madan Karan 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Guidelines for flexible bronchoscopy in adults recommend both Cricothyroid and Spray-as-you-go method as the acceptable techniques for lignocaine administration. No studies have compared these two methods for topical anesthesia during endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA).

Objectives:
Co-primary outcomes were the comparison of cough count and operator-rated overall procedure satisfaction on a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) between the groups. The secondary outcomes were cumulative lignocaine dose, time from bronchoscope introduction to crossing the vocal cords, procedure duration, and complications between the groups.

Methods:
Consecutive participants (age >18 years) undergoing EBUS-TBNA were randomized (1:1) to either cricothyroid or spray-as-you-go methods for lignocaine administration.

Results:
Three hundred and sixty-five participants were randomized (183: Cricothyroid and 182: Spray-as-you-go). Cough count till reaching carina (median [interquartile range]) was significantly lower (cricothyroid, 1 [0–2] vs. spray-as-you-go, 4 [2–6], P < 0.001) and operator rated overall procedure satisfaction, on VAS (mean ± standard deviation) (cricothyroid, 7.96 ± 1.48 vs. spray-as-you-go, 7.29 ± 1.48, P < 0.001) significantly greater in the cricothyroid group. Cumulative lignocaine dose (163.28 ± 31.50 mg vs. 177.0 ± 30.12 mg, P < 0.0001) and time from bronchoscope introduction to crossing the vocal cords (20.80 ± 11.21 s vs. 38.08 ± 15.26 s, P < 0.001) was significantly lower in the cricothyroid group. Procedure duration was similar in both the groups. Minor complications occurred in three patients in cricothyroid and six patients in the spray-as-you-go group (P = 0.31).

Conclusions:
Cricothyroid lignocaine administration is associated with less cough and superior operator-rated procedure satisfaction during EBUS-TBNA, at a lower cumulative lignocaine dose administered.

Trial Registration:

http://www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT02981264
Effect of home-based pulmonary rehabilitation on health-related quality of life, lung function, exercise tolerance, and dyspnea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder patients in a tertiary care center in South India
Authors: Priya N , Isaac Barney TJ , Thangakunam Balamugesh , Christopher Devasahayam J 
Published: April 2021

Context:
Home-based pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) can increase compliance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD). There is paucity of data on this in India.

Aims:
To study the effectiveness of home-based PR on lung function, health-related quality of life, exercise tolerance and dyspnea among patients with COPD.

Setting:
The Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Christian Medical College, Vellore.

Subjects and Methods:
This was a quasi-experimental study which included COPD patients who found hospital-based PR impractical. Those willing for home-based PR constituted the intervention group and those unwilling, constituted the control group. Both groups received standard of care otherwise. At 6 weeks, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), six-minute walk test distance (6MWD), COPD assessment test (CAT) score and modified Borg dyspnea scale were compared with their baseline values.

Statistical Analysis:
Student paired t-test.

Results:
A total of 42 patients completed the study, 21 in each arm. The baseline characteristics were comparable. The improvement in FEV1 was 90 ml in the intervention group and 4 ml in the control group (P = 0.01). There was no significant difference in 6MWD change. SGRQ score, Borg scale and CAT score improved significantly by 10.4, 2.4, and 3.4, respectively, in the intervention group when compared to the control group (P = 0.01).

Conclusions:
Home-based PR effectively provides tangible benefits in FEV1, QOL, exercise tolerance and dyspnea. It should be offered to those who are unable to avail institution-based PR, especially in this era of COVID pandemic.
Endophthalmitis Post Pars Plana Vitrectomy Surgery
Authors: AlBloushi Bedoor , Mura Marco , Khandekar Rajiv , AlMesfer Saleh , AlYahya Abdulmalik , Alabduljabbar Khaled , AlRefaie Shaimaa , Semidey Valmore A. 
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE:
To determine the incidence of endophthalmitis after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), organisms' profile, and management outcomes at a tertiary eye hospital in a Middle East country.

METHODS:
In this single-arm cohort study conducted in 2020, medical records of patients who underwent PPV not accompanied by any other intraocular surgery were reviewed; those with a diagnosis of acute endophthalmitis in the immediate postoperative period (within 6 weeks) during the past 6 years were analyzed.

RESULTS:
A total of 8153 records of PPV surgeries were reviewed. Five cases had endophthalmitis post-PPV with an incidence of 0.061%. Three (0.037%) had positive cultures, all of them for Staphylococcus epidermidis. The interval between PPV and diagnosis of endophthalmitis ranged from 3 to 25 days (mean, 15.8 days). Final vision after treatment ranged from 20/400 to no light perception, and one eye was eviscerated.

CONCLUSION:
The incidence of endophthalmitis post PPV is low. Despite prompt diagnosis and standard management, visual prognosis seems to be poor. The infective agents for endophthalmitis were commensals from the ocular surface.
Glaucoma Diagnoses and Legal Blindness from Glaucoma among Bedouin Patients of Central Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Najmi Yahya , Kirat Omar , Abdalla Elsayed Maram E. A. , Albeedh Mohammed , Al-Rashed Dawood , Al-Mohammed Abdulkareem 
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE:
The current study aims to know the glaucoma diagnoses and legal blindness from glaucoma among a tertiary referral center in Riyadh (King Abdulaziz Medical City [KAMC]-Riyadh patients).

METHODS:
This is a retrospective cohort study on chart review, where all eligible glaucoma patients attending the ophthalmology clinic at KAMC-Riyadh, between 2018 and 2019; were included.

RESULTS:
A total of 248 patients were included in the study; 142 patients (57.3%) were females and 106 (42.7%) were males. The mean age of the patients was 62.2 ± 18 years and most of them (93.5%) did not have a family history of glaucoma. Nearly one-quarter (26.6%; n = 66) of the included patients were legally blind, out of those, 36.4% had their right eye affected, 34.8% had their left eye affected, and 28.8% had both eyes affected. Legally, blind patients (LBGs) did not show a statistically significant reduction in the intraocular pressure (IOP) in the right eye (P = 0.103), on comparing the IOP in both visits. Nevertheless, there was a statistically significant reduction in the IOP of the left eye among the LBGs in both visits (P = 0.016). Regarding the nonblind group of patients, there were highly statistically significant reductions in both eyes (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION:
The present findings show a high prevalence rate of legal blindness among glaucoma patients, with IOP reduction, age, and glaucoma diagnoses being the most important predictors among the study population.
Influence of Ethanolic extract of Aspilia Africana leaf on the performance and egg qualities of Japanese quails
Authors: Oko O.O.K , Ozung P.O , Abang F.B 
Published: April 2021

A 16-week trial evaluated the effects of ethanolic extract of Aspiliaafricana leaf (EeAaL) on the growth performance, carcass and egg characteristics of growing and laying quails. One hundred and eighty (180), one-week old Japanese quail chicks were assigned to six experimental diets (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10% EeAaL or 0.02% oxytetracycline). Each treatment had 30 birdswhich were further subdivided into three replicates of 10 birds. Each replicate was housed in a pen under the deep litter system; feed and water were provided ad libitum.Growth performance and egg characteristics(egg quantity and quality) indices were subjected to the one-way ANOVA in a completely randomized design (CRD). No significant (P>0.05) effect of EeAaL was observed between treatments on the final body weight and daily weight gains of quails. Feed conversion ratio (4.95 – 5.28) was significantly (P<0.05) improved in quails fed 2.5 – 7.5% EeAaL diets. Zero mortality was observed in quails fed 5 – 10% EeAaL diets compared to other treatments. EeAaL supplementation reduced (P<0.05) the amount of fat deposition in quail carcass, thus improving the carcass quality. The efficacy ofEeAaL was more pronounced in laying than growing quails where significant (P<0.05) differences were observed on some external and internal egg characteristics, whereas egg composition did not differ (P>0.05) between treatments. Egg number, hen day production, albumen weight,yolk weight, shell thickness and yolk colour were significantly improved following dietary EeAaL upplementation, indicative of strong growth promoting and stimulatory effects.Therefore, for improved carcass and egg performances up to 7.5% EeAaL shoud be supplemented intoquail diets.Keywords: Leaf extract, growth rate, egg characteristics, bush marigold, quails
Landfill Lifespan Estimation: A Case Study
Authors: Akyen T. , Boye C. B. , Ziggah Y. Y. 
Published: April 2021

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management is one of the most serious environmental challenges facing the world at large due to the decomposing effect from the toxic gases being released into the environment by the MSW. The siting of landfill in any environment is a vital consideration that must be looked at due to the many factors such as the lifespan of the landfill, site selection, design, construction, operation and management. For this reason, it is important to estimate the lifespan of landfill accurately so as to explore the risk involved in acquiring new lands for landfills. Moreover, it is also necessary to consider proper methodology for estimating the lifespan of landfills. Based on these factors enumerated, various researchers have performed several laboratory tests in order to conclude on appropriate model that could be used to predict the lifespan of modern landfills. Mathematical models or expressions have also been suggested in literature as an alternative approach to the estimation of landfills lifespan. This research used the future value of money equation to estimate the lifespan of the Aboso landfill in Tarkwa, Ghana. The result showed that the landfill could operate for the next twelve years before it could exhaust its usefulness. Keywords: Landfill, Municipal Solid Waste, Lifespan Estimation
Revisiting the‘Duality of Meaning of some English Words: What’s on the Minds of Beginner Mining and Related Engineering Students’
Authors: Mireku-Gyimah P. B. 
Published: April 2021

A previous paper, published by me in 2015, studied the meanings of 12 English words, written by a group of first year students of University of Mines and Technology. The objective was to determine whether the students knew both the technical or scientific/engineering meanings and the normal meanings of the words, namely: elevation, surveying, function, sign, model, drive, conductor, power, force, stress, spring, and shear. A sample size of 289 students represented the group. The students willingly did a non-test exercise that permitted them to anonymously write the meanings of the words as they knew them without reference to dictionaries. The students’ responses were put into five categories of meaning for each word. The results revealed that 84 (29.07%) provided only scientific/engineering meanings, 153 (53.00%) provided only normal meanings, 15 (5.16%) provided both scientific/engineering meanings and normal meanings, 32 (11.07%) provided no meanings (nil), and 5 (1.70%) provided wrong meanings of some words. Thus, the majority of the students did not know both meanings, which pointed to students’ vocabulary challenges. This paper is revisiting the previous paper, to do a follow-up, using the same method and English words as in the previous study to find the progress of the same group of students who are now in their third year of study. From the current results, out of a total of 289 students, 48 (16.46%) gave only scientific/engineering meanings, 98 (33.94%) gave only normal meanings, 100 (34.69%) gave both scientific/engineering meanings and normal meanings, 39 (13.41%) gave no meanings (nil), and 4 (1.50%) gave wrong meanings, of some words. It is concluded that the students have made progress but there is more room for improvement. Therefore, it is recommended that the students work harder, and also be exposed to the register of their engineering disciplines early. Keywords: Words, Duality of Meaning, First Year Students, Third Year Students
Water Washing of Fungal-treated Carbonaceous Ores: Effect on Aurocyanide Adsorption by Activated Carbon in CIL Circuit
Authors: Amankwah Richard Kwasi , Ofori-Sarpong Grace , Adzigbli Abigail Ewoenam 
Published: April 2021

A typical challenge encountered on most gold processing plants during leaching of refractory ores is the reduction in recovery due to the presence of carbonaceous matter which preg-robs dissolved gold. To reduce preg-robbing during cyanidation, carbonaceous matter has to undergo pretreatment to passivate the active surface. The fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium has been shown to biotransform carbonaceous matter, thus reducing its ability to preg-rob gold. However, the possible transfer of entrained fungal biomass into Carbon-In-Leach (CIL) circuits has been reported to decrease the activity of activated carbon, and a proposed solution to this was to wash the fungal-treated material thoroughly with water before CIL operation. This paper therefore set out to assess the effect of water-washing on aurocyanide adsorption by activated carbon in CIL following fungal pretreatment of carbonaceous ores. To realise the objective, activated carbon was contacted with cell-free extract of P. chrysosporium under varying conditions of pH and time, after which it was washed with different volumes of water, and its gold-adsorption ability assessed. The results revealed a decrease in the activity of activated carbon as a function of increasing contact time with the cell-free extract. The percentage decrease was higher after treatment in the acidic medium (13%) than the basic medium (9%). After washing the carbon (treated in acidic medium), gold adsorption was found to increase directly with the volume of water used from 64% at 0 mL to 84% at 500 mL and 91% at 1000 mL. Correspondingly, the carbon treated in basic medium recorded 69% at 0 mL to 87% at 500 mL and 93% at 1000 mL. This paper thus concludes that, sufficient water washing should be employed after fungal-biotransformation of refractory ores before CIL operation to decrease the effect of entrained biomass on the adsorption capacity of activated carbon. Keywords: Carbonaceous Gold Ore, Activated Carbon, Carbon-In-Leach, Cell-Free Extracts
La nueva monarquía, religión y sociedad. Felipe V y la Sevilla del lustro real (1729-1733)
Authors: Gámez Martín José 
Published: April 2021

Durante la estancia de la corte de Felipe V en Sevilla entre los años de 1729 a 1733, la ciudad agonizante tanto social como económicamente tras perder la hegemonía universal que le hizo ser Puerta de las Américas, vive un período de esplendor que le hace soñar por ese tiempo con las glorias de tiempos pasados. La estancia de la corte exalta el sentimiento religioso del pueblo fiel, se sigue luchando por la definición dogmática de la Inmaculada Concepción, los reyes participan en ceremonias litúrgicas catedralicias y es el propio Felipe V el que consigue la finalización de la urna barroca de Laureano de Pina para venerar el cuerpo incorrupto de Fernando III beatificado en 1671 y cuyo estreno tuvo lugar el 14 de mayo de 1729 en una ceremonia claramente barroquizante y definida por un cronista contemporáneo como “la función mas prodigiosa que ha habido en los siglos”.
EL CONECTIVISMO EN LOS CAMBIOS CULTURALES DE LAS ORGANIZACIONES PARA MEJORAR LA CALIDAD EDUCATIVA
Authors: Burgos Oviedo Vanessa  Tatiana , Molina Cevallos Mariela Maritza , Briones Zambrano Gema Alejandra , Carvajal Zavala Esterlin Arturo , Salvatierra Vera Narcisa Monserrate 
Published: April 2021

La investigación presenta la perspectiva sobre como el conectivismo pudiera ser enfocado en los cambios culturales de las organizaciones en las unidades educativas, para el mejoramiento de la calidad en la educación, denotando como muchas veces los docentes tienden a tener una cultura de trabajo definida y que no siempre están de acorde a la realidad actual de la enseñanza, más bien se enmarcan a la utilización de metodologías, estrategias y recursos tradicionales. Para que existan cambios significativos en un plantel, los directores son quienes deben de formar comisiones en base a la experiencia y perfil del profesor, ubicando de forma jerárquica para que puedan dirigir de manera adecuada y se puedan cumplir las metas institucionales, con la finalidad de producir calidad educativa y un aprendizaje significativo. Los estudiantes actuales son considerados como la generación tecnológica debido a que pueden manipular varios dispositivos, incluso realizan investigaciones que les permite tener conocimientos de varias asignaturas, enfocándose al autoaprendizaje, por lo que esto debe de ser motivo de formación continua para los docentes, ya que deben de estar a la vanguardia en la utilización de recursos tecnológicos. Se utilizó el método cualitativo y cuantitativo para obtención de referencias e información relevante, que permitieron la obtención de resultados para la descripción de resultados y conclusiones.
RIESGOS Y RESPONSABILIDADES QUE CON LLEVA LA IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE LAS CRIPTOMONEDAS EN ECUADOR
Authors: Vélez Ayón María Fernanda , Rodríguez Bermúdez Nicol Angie , Tigua Morán José Kevin , Marcillo Merino Javier Mario 
Published: April 2021

El sistema bancario del Ecuador se lo realiza en un mercado cotidiano y la población no se encuentra familiarizada con el manejo de monedas y criptomonedas, sin embargo, en la globalización la Criptomoneda está tomando su lugar y el Ecuador no es una excepción. Las criptomonedas se encuentran en el mercado y las transacciones con ellas poco a poco se va siendo familiar para algunos ecuatorianos que toman el riesgo de invertir tomando en cuenta que es una moneda descentralizada y que no existe una entidad gubernamental que la controle y regule; la moneda virtual más importante, conocida y utilizada para la realización de transacciones es el bitcoin. En el lapso del tiempo, las monedas virtuales nacen por las dificultades mundiales en el ámbito de la economía: En el año 2009 nace la primera moneda virtual “BITCOIN” por su creador Satoshi Nakamoto y desde entonces han aparecido un sin número de monedas virtuales que han fundado un nuevo mercado “las criptodivisas” en las que diariamente realizan transacciones; uno de sus principales riesgos es la volatilidad porque su valor se basa en la especulación de la oferta y la demanda y puede generar exuberantes ganancias o trágicas perdidas. En el Ecuador el Banco Central del Ecuador ha sido muy específico informando a los ecuatorianos que las criptomonedas dentro del país no son legales pero que tenemos la libertad y responsabilidad de realizar las transacciones que deseen por medio del internet. El mercado de las criptomonedas es muy reciente a comparación del mercado tradicional, las criptodivisas es un mercado de mucho riesgo del que no se tiene mayor conocimiento y al decidir hacer una inversión se puede convertir en presa fácil de estafadores y oportunistas; sin desmerecer que en el futuro las criptomonedas pueden jugar un papel importante, revolucionario en el mercado de sistemas financiero en todo el mundo
Resenha de “Ele está fora de si. A linguagem popular do evangelho conforme Marcos”, de Francisco Benedito Leite
Authors: Olímpio-Ferreira Moisés 
Published: April 2021

A presente resenha tem o objetivo de apresentar a obra recém-publicada Ele está fora de si. A linguagem popular do Evangelho conforme Marcos. Escrita por Francisco Benedito Leite, ela contém as pesquisas do autor em seu doutoramento, defendido em 2019. Apresentamos resumidamente os conteúdos dos quatro capítulos que a compõem, destacando o seu caráter nitidamente interdisciplinar, porquanto se propõe a análise do gênero discursivo evangelho a partir da confluência fronteiriça de diversas abordagens epistemológicas, sob o pressuposto de que o discurso religioso excede a qualquer atividade analítica dos campos em suas especificidades.
Palavras-chave: Apreensão simbólica da realidade. Teorias do Discurso. Discurso religioso. Gênero discursivo evangelho. Evangelho de Marcos.
KORELASI I’ROB DAN MAKNA DALAM TAFSIR AL-KASHSHĀF
Authors: Muhyiddin Mohammad , Najib Muhammad 
Published: April 2021

Penafsiran bercorak i’rāb yang telah mapan sejak zaman dahulu, bukan tanpa adanya problem. Masalah tersebut pernah disinggung oleh Ibnu Hisham, ulama ahli naḥwu tersebut berpendapat bahwa dalam melakukan penafsiran i’rāb harus mementingkan makna ayat ketika ada persoalan tarik menarik antara mementingkan makna ayat atau i’rāb. AlZamakhshari seorang mufassir yang menerapkan corak i’rāb dalam tafsirnya, al-Kashshāf menjadi menarik untuk diungkap bagaimana sikap terhadap problem tersebut. Tulisan ini mencoba mengkaji korelasi i’rāb dan makna dalam pandangan al-Zamakhshari. key words: al-Zamakhshari, i’rāb, makna
ISLAMISASI BUDAYA DALAM TRADISI TUJUH BULANAN (MITONI) DENGAN PEMBACAAN SURAT YŪSUF DAN MARYAM PADA JAMAAH SIMA’AN AL-QUR`AN DI DESA JURUG KECAMATAN MOJOSONGO KABUPATEN BOYOLALI
Authors: Laili Choirul Ummah  
Published: April 2021

Acculturation is a social process arising from a particular culture which is confronted with other cultural elements, so that these elements can be accepted without losing their own cultural character. This study focuses on the interaction of the Qurʻan with Javanese culture, especially on the procession of traditions that undergoes Islamization, where Al-Qurʻan is involved in it. This occurs during the recitation of Surah of Yūsuf and Maryam in the seventh-month tradition (mitoni) in Jurug village, Mojosongo District, Boyolali Regency. The research problems discussed in this study are the causes which arises the factors of the emergence of a new culture, the factors that indicate the recitation of the Surah of Yūsuf and Maryam of Jurug village people. This study uses a qualitative research method. Data collection of this study uses participatory observation, including; interviews, observation, and documentation. With this acculturation concept, the researcher sees how the Qur'an began to infiltrate the daily lives of Jurug village people, and then uses it in the implementation of mitoni tradition by reciting the Surah of Yūsuf and Maryam in the procession of it. From the available data, as well as from the concept of acculturation, the researcher comes to a conclusion that the recitation of surah of Yūsuf and Maryam in Jurug village disseminates and grows as a norm that is believed to bring goodness and blessings to the mother and the baby she is carrying.
Keywords: Acculturation, culture, Islamization, mitoni, recitation of Surah of Yūsuf and Maryam