bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ensemble Learning Technology for Coastal Flood Forecasting in Internet-of-Things-Enabled Smart City
Authors: Dai Weijun , Tang Yanni , Zhang Zeyu , Cai Zhiming 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFlooding is becoming a prominent issue in coastal cities, flood forecasting is the key to solving this problem. However, the lack and imbalance of research data and the insufficient performance of the model have led to the complexity and uncontrollability of flood forecasting. To forecast coastal floods accurately and reliably, the Internet of Things technology is used to collect data on floods and flood factors in smart cities. An ensemble learning method based on Bayesian model combination (BMC-EL) is designed to predict flood depth. First, flood intensity classification and K-fold cross-validation are introduced to generate multiple training subsets from the training set to realize uniform sampling and increase the diversity of subsets. Second, the backpropagation neural network (BPNN) and random forest (RF) are used as the base learners to build the prediction model and then import it into training subsets for training purposes. Finally, based on the prediction performance of the base learner in the validation sets, the Bayesian model combination strategy is formulated to integrate and output predicted values. We describe experiments conducted to forecast flood depth 1 h in advance that several machine learning models were trained and tested using real flood data taken from Macao, China. The models include linear regression, support vector machine, BPNN, RF and BMC-EL models. Results prove the accuracy and reliability of the BMC-EL method in flood forecasting for coastal cities.
Applications of Approximate Optimal Control to Nonlinear Systems of Tracked Vehicle Suspensions
Authors: Liang Yan-Jun , Lu You-Jun , Gao De-Xin , Wang Zhong-Sheng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTechnique of approximate optimal vibration control and simulation for vehicle active suspension systems are developed. Considered the nonlinear damping of springs, mechanical model and a nonlinear dynamic system for a class of tracked vehicle suspension vibration control are established and the corresponding system of state space form is described. To prolong the working life of suspension system and improve ride comfort, based on the active suspension vibration control devices and using optimal control approach, an approximate optimal vibration controller is designed, and an algorithm is presented for the vibration controller. Numerical simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Boosting Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Stage Prediction Using a Two-Stage Classification Framework Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Huang Jin , He Ruhan , Chen Jia , Li Song , Deng Yuqin , Wu Xinglong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a popular malignant tumor of the head and neck which is endemic in the world, more than 75% of the NPC patients suffer from locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC). The survival quality of these patients depends on the reliable prediction of NPC stages III and IVa. In this paper, we propose a two-stage framework to produce the classification probabilities for predicting NPC stages III and IVa. The preprocessing of MR images enhance the quality of images for further analysis. In stage one transfer learning is used to improve the classification effectiveness and the efficiency of CNN models training with limited images. Then in stage two the output of these models are aggregates using soft voting to boost the final prediction. The experimental results show the preprocessing is quite effective, the performance of transfer learning models perform better than the basic CNN model, and our ensemble model outperforms the single model as well as traditional methods, including the TNM staging system and the Radiomics method. Finally, the prediction accuracy boosted by the framework is, respectively,0.81, indicating that our method achieves the SOTA effectiveness for LA-NPC stage prediction. In addition, the heatmaps generated with Class Activation Map technique illustrate the interpretability of the CNN models, and show their capability of assisting clinicians in medical diagnosis and follow-up treatment by producing discriminative regions related to NPC in the MR images.Graphic Abstract
Unsupervised Three-Dimensional Tubular Structure Segmentation via Filter Combination
Authors: Cui Hengfei , Yuwen Chang , Jiang Lei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTubular structure enhancement plays an utmost role in medical image segmentation as a pre-processing technique. In this work, an unsupervised 3D tubular structure segmentation technique is developed, which is mainly inspired by the idea of filter combination. Three well-known vessel filters, Frangi’s filter, the modified Frangi’s filter and the Multiscale Fractional Anisotropic Tensor (MFAT) filter, separately enhance the original images. Next, the enhanced images obtained using three different filters are combined. Different categories of vessel filters have the ability of complementarity, which is the main motivation of combining these three advanced filters. The combination of them ensures a high diversity of the enhancing results. Weighted mean and median ranking methods are used to conduct the operation of filter combination. Based on the optimized weights for all the three individual filters, fuzzy C-means method is then applied to segment the tubular structures. The proposed technique is tested on the public DRIVE and STARE datasets, the public synthetic vascular models (2011 and 2013 VascuSynth Sample), and real-patient Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (CCTA) datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed technique outperforms the state-of-the-art filter combination-based segmentation methods. Moreover, our proposed method is able to yield better tubular structure segmentation results than that of each individual filter, which exhibits the superiority of the proposed method. In conclusion, the proposed method can be further used to facilitate vessel segmentation in medical practice.
Prediction of Ship Heave Motion Using Regularized BP Neural Network with Cross Entropy Error Function
Authors: Wang Hailun , Wu Fei , Lei Dongge 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAccurate prediction of ship’s heave motion can greatly enhance the safety of offshore operation. Due to its complexity and nonlinearity, however, ship’s heave motion prediction is a difficult task to be solved. In this paper, a new method for predicting ship’s heave motion is proposed based on an improved back propagation neural network (IBPNN). To overcome the gradient saturation phenomenon of traditional BPNN, the mean square error (MSE) loss function is replaced with a cross entropy (CE) loss function in IBPNN. Meanwhile, the weights of IBPNN is regularized by$$L_2$$L2norm to enhance the generalization ability of traditional BPNN. Finally, conjugate gradient method is adopted to train IBPNN. The IBPNN is used to predict ship’s heave motion and the prediction results prove its effectiveness.
Clinical and Microbiological Characteristics of Infective Endocarditis at a Cardiac Center in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Barry Mazin , Bari Syed Abdul , Akhtar Muhammad Yasin , Al Nahdi Faizah , Erlandez Richilda , Al Khushail Abdullah , Al Hebaishi Yahya 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious disease with complex pathology and significant mortality. Little information is known regarding clinical and microbiological characteristics in Saudi Arabia. This study surveyed these characteristics at a Cardiac Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia over a period of 5 years.

Methods
This retrospective study was done on all infective endocarditis (IE) patients admitted to Prince Sultan Cardiac Center between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2019. Clinical characteristics, microbiological results, management, and outcomes were assessed.

Result
A total of 340 cases of infective endocarditis were identified over the study period.
Most patients (64%) were 50 years old or above, and 67% were males. Fever was the most common clinical presentation, and a murmur was audible in a fifth of patients. Blood cultures were positive in 177 (52%) cases. The most common organisms were Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative Staphylococcus and viridans group Streptococcus. Most common microbiological organisms causing native valve endocarditis were viridans group Streptococcus (32%) followed by methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (21%), and for prosthetic valve endocarditis they were coagulase negative Staphylococcus (32%) followed by methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (23%), the most common causes of culture negative endocarditis were Q-fever and brucellosis. Predisposing cardiac conditions were present in 127 (37%) patients, most commonly rheumatic heart disease and congenital heart disease. Surgical intervention was done in 26% of cases, with an overall in-hospital mortality rate of 6.76%.

Conclusion
We demonstrate the epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological profile of infective endocarditis in a tertiary care cardiac center in Saudi Arabia. It gives information concerning the prevalence of responsible organisms. This information will be helpful in assessing patients with suspected IE and in planning management of cases knowing the relative frequency of types of microorganisms encountered.
Influence of Nonlinear Terms on Orbital Stability of Solitary Wave Solutions to the Generalized Symmetric Regularized-Long-Wave Equation
Authors: Ling Xing-qian , Zhang Wei-guo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe influence of two nonlinear terms on the orbital stability of solitary wave solutions to the generalized symmetric regularized-long-wave(gsrlw) equation is investigated in this paper. Based on the general conclusion to judge the orbit stability of solitary wave solution to the equation, the stable and unstable wave velocity intervals of solitary wave solutions to the gsrlw equation with two low order nonlinear terms are given. By appropriate transformation and scaling, the complexity caused by two high-order nonlinear terms is overcome, and the stable and unstable wave velocity intervals of solitary wave solutions to the gsrlw equation with high-order nonlinear terms are also obtained. Last, the influences of the coefficients and the order of the nonlinear terms on the stability of solitary wave solutions are studied.
A New Application of the $${\bar{\partial }}$$-Method
Authors: Zhao Shiyin , Zhang Yufeng , Zhang Xiangzhi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBy constructing a new calculating rule of Lie bracket, we construct a new nonlinear Schrödinger hierarchy and its reduction equations via using the $${\bar{\partial }}$$

∂

¯

-method. Furthermore, some soliton solutions of such the equation are obtained by making use of Dirac function.
Crack propagation speeds in weak snowpack layers
Authors: Bergfeld Bastian , van Herwijnen Alec , Bobillier Grégoire , Larose Eric , Moreau Ludovic , Trottet Bertil , Gaume Johan , Cathomen Janic , Dual Jürg , Schweizer Jürg 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFor the release of a slab avalanche, crack propagation within a weak snowpack layer below a cohesive snow slab is required. As crack speed measurements can give insight into underlying processes, we analysed three crack propagation events that occurred in similar snowpacks and covered all scales relevant for avalanche release. For the largest scale, up to 400 m, we estimated crack speed from an avalanche movie; for scales between 5 and 25 m, we used accelerometers placed on the snow surface and for scales below 5 m, we performed a propagation saw test. The mean crack speeds ranged from 36 ± 6 to 49 ± 5 m s−1, and did not exhibit scale dependence. Using the discrete element method and the material point method, we reproduced the measured crack speeds reasonably well, in particular the terminal crack speed observed at smaller scales. Finally, we used a finite element model to assess the speed of different elastic waves in a layered snowpack. Results suggest that the observed cracks propagated as mixed mode closing cracks and that the flexural wave of the slab is responsible for the energy transfer to the crack tip.
Flying Flags at Weddings in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Nationalism and the Limits of Flag Power
Authors: Doubt Keith , Tuzović Amna , Hamzić Alem 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study examines the practice of ethnic communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina flying a state, entity, religious, or foreign flag at wedding ceremonies in public spaces. The wedding custom is analyzed through the lens of Hannah Arendt’s discussion of the way nationalism in the modern era links family and state. After a tragic war, flag power in this context appears to exacerbate nationalism and ethnic tensions in a polyethnic society trapped in a dysfunctional state structure created by the Dayton Accords. The empirical study finds that flag power does not, in fact, privilege ethnic solidarity over national solidarity to the degree that social and political theory would have us imagine. The national identity of being Bosnian is more likely to be exemplified. A clustered, stratified, random sample of 2,500 subjects over the age of eighteen was drawn from the country’s population, including the two entities, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska and Brčko District. Survey questions involving face-to-face structured questions asked participants whether flags were flown at their weddings, which flags were flown, and attitudes toward the wedding custom. Variations by age, religiosity, education, ethnicity, type of flag flown, and political party affiliation are reported and interpreted.
New morphological and molecular perspectives aboutMacracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus(Acanthocephala: Oligacanthorhynchidae) from wild boar,Sus scrofaLinn., in Ukraine
Authors: Amin Omar M. , Heckmann Richard A. , Dallarés Sara , Constenla María , Kuzmina Tetiana 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe make new morphological observations not previously reported for the old acanthocephalanMacracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus(Pallas, 1781) Travassos, 1917, described for the first time about 240 years ago. Our specimens were collected from the wild boar,Sus scrofaLinn., in Ukraine in 2005. We provide comparative morphometrics with other populations from Ukraine, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Europe, Brazil and the United States of America. Our specimens from the Ukraine had the smallest trunk (110–120 mm long), longest and thickest hooks, with the third hook being the largest, largest eggs, and a proboscis wider than long. We document the morphology of the proboscis, apical organ, hooks, hook roots, sensory pores, micropores, and eggs with scanning electron microscopy for the first time. We also provide chemical analysis of hooks and eggs using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, discuss its micropores, and provide a new molecular profile based on 18S rDNA from a European population for the first time. Edge of hook tips feature high levels of calcium and phosphorous but the high level of sulphur is mostly found in the cortical layer of eggs. One new partial 18S rDNA sequence (482 nt length) was generated from an adult specimen ofM. hirudinaceus. We present the first 18S rDNA published sequence for this cosmopolitan acanthocephalan obtained from Europe. The amplified region corresponded to the approximate middle region of the small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene, which is ~1800 nt in length. This molecular contribution is especially valuable in light of the extreme scarcity of genetic information about species ofMacracanthorhynchusand of the family Oligacanthorhynchidae as a whole.
Computed tomography scanning of implanted hypoglossal nerve stimulators and approach to device malfunction: case series
Authors: Urban M J , Calder A , Jhaveri M , LoSavio P 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveSerious device-related complications for hypoglossal nerve stimulators are rare, but surgeons should implement a prompt and systematic approach to quickly troubleshoot a non-functioning device.MethodRecords were queried at a single academic tertiary referral centre between January 2019 and June 2021.ResultsThe authors present four cases of non-functioning hypoglossal nerve stimulator devices: one case in which migration of the stimulation lead required a revision implantation, one in which the implantable pulse generator was found to be non-functional intra-operatively, one case of an intramuscular sensory lead tract causing pain and one case of implantable pulse generator failure that was probably triggered by implantable cardiac device discharge. In this study, computed tomography imaging was critical to the diagnosis for the first and third cases.ConclusionGiven the limited complication reporting available for hypoglossal nerve stimulators, these cases highlight management and unique imaging findings. The authors present an algorithm to work-up non-functioning hypoglossal nerve stimulator devices.
A spanning bandwidth theorem in random graphs
Authors: Allen Peter , Böttcher Julia , Ehrenmüller Julia , Schnitzer Jakob , Taraz Anusch 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe bandwidth theorem of Böttcher, Schacht and Taraz states that any n-vertex graph G with minimum degree
$\big(\tfrac{k-1}{k}+o(1)\big)n$
contains all n-vertex k-colourable graphs H with bounded maximum degree and bandwidth o(n). Recently, a subset of the authors proved a random graph analogue of this statement: for
$p\gg \big(\tfrac{\log n}{n}\big)^{1/\Delta}$
a.a.s. each spanning subgraph G of G(n,p) with minimum degree
$\big(\tfrac{k-1}{k}+o(1)\big)pn$
contains all n-vertex k-colourable graphs H with maximum degree
$\Delta$
, bandwidth o(n), and at least
$C p^{-2}$
vertices not contained in any triangle. This restriction on vertices in triangles is necessary, but limiting. In this paper, we consider how it can be avoided. A special case of our main result is that, under the same conditions, if additionally all vertex neighbourhoods in G contain many copies of
$K_\Delta$
then we can drop the restriction on H that
$Cp^{-2}$
vertices should not be in triangles.
Three confounded high-risk groups for suicide in adolescents and young adults
Authors: Gupta Mayank , Gupta Nihit , Ramar Dhanvendran 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSuicide rates among adolescents and young adults have been increasing in the last decade. The current knowledge of the warning signs, risk factors, and the use of screening tools has many gaps. There are many views from within, critics, survivors, and advocacy groups to focus more on the contextual understanding of symptomatology. In clinical practice, many of these high-risk groups fail to raise the red flags due to the complex and ambiguous nature of presentations. Therefore, these groups need greater attention, and given their counter-initiative nature, they challenge the current approaches to address suicidality in adolescents and young adults.
A healthy eating score is inversely associated with depression in older adults: results from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016–2017
Authors: Lanuza Fabian , Petermann-Rocha Fanny , Celis-Morales Carlos , Concha-Cisternas Yeny , Nazar Gabriela , Troncoso-Pantoja Claudia , Lassere-Laso Nicole , Martínez-Sanguinetti María Adela , Parra-Soto Solange , Zamora-Ros Raul , Andrés-Lacueva Cristina , Meroño Tomás 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjective:To investigate the relationship of a healthy eating score with depression in Chilean older adults.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:Older adults from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016–2017. Associations were analysed using complex samples multivariable logistic regressions adjusted for age, sex, socio-demographic, lifestyles (physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption and sleep duration), BMI and clinical conditions (hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia and cardiovascular diseases).Participants:The number of participants was 2031 (≥ 60 years). The Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form was applied to establish the diagnosis of major depressive episode. Six healthy eating habits were considered to produce the healthy eating score (range: 0–12): consumption of seafood, whole grain, dairy, fruits, vegetables and legumes. Participants were categorised according to their final scores as healthy (≥ 9), average (5–8) and unhealthy (≤ 4).Results:Participants with a healthy score had a higher educational level, physical activity and regular sleep hours than participants with an average and unhealthiest healthy eating score. Participants classified in the healthiest healthy eating score had an inverse association with depression (OR: 0·28, (95 % CI 0·10, 0·74)). Food items that contributed the most to this association were legumes (15·2 %) and seafood (12·7 %).Conclusion:Older adults classified in the healthiest healthy eating score, characterised by a high consumption of legumes and seafood, showed a lower risk for depression in a representative sample of Chilean population.
QUANTUM ERGODICITY FOR COMPACT QUOTIENTS OF IN THE BENJAMINI–SCHRAMM LIMIT
Authors: Brumley Farrell , Matz Jasmin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe study the limiting behavior of Maass forms on sequences of large-volume compact quotients of
$\operatorname {SL}_d({\mathbb R})/\textrm {SO}(d)$
,
$d\ge 3$
, whose spectral parameter stays in a fixed window. We prove a form of quantum ergodicity in this level aspect which extends results of Le Masson and Sahlsten to the higher rank case.
Comparison and Renormalization of Holocene Paleointensity Records From Central North America (17°N–51°N, 205°E–295°E)
Authors: Lund Steve P. , Richardson Marci , Verosub Ken , King John , Champion Duane , St‐Onge Guillame 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper develops a composite absolute paleointensity record for Holocene paleomagnetic secular variation (PSV) from central North America. Twelve full‐vector (inclination, declination, paleointensity) PSV records were assessed in order to build the composite record. Nine of the paleointensity records come from sediment paleomagnetic studies and are considered relative in intensity. Three of the paleointensity records come from absolute paleointensity measurements of archeological materials and lava flows. This paper develops a new method to normalize the sediment relative paleointensity records to the absolute intensity records. The final composite paleointensity record describes intensity variability over a region of Central North America delineated by 35°–48.6°N and 240.4–291.4°E (∼14° × 50°). This composite record shows a distinctive long‐duration (∼104 year) oscillation and a series of millennial‐scale intensity oscillations that are consistent over our study region.
Asymmetrical Trends of Burned Area Between Eastern and Western Siberia Regulated by Atmospheric Oscillation
Authors: Zhu Xingru , Xu Xiyan , Jia Gensuo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWildfires in Siberian cause organic carbon released from Arctic ecosystems to the atmosphere, which further enhances greenhouse effects. However, the trends of Siberian wildfires and their mechanisms are not well understood. We show that the burned fraction trends were opposite in the eastern and western Siberia. The contrasting changes are explained by vapor pressure deficit and soil moisture inferring atmospheric and ground aridity conditions, respectively. The difference in aridity change in the eastern and western Siberia is regulated by increased positive phase of Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), which leads to reduced moisture transport to the east but increased transport to the west from the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean mainly during May–August. The growing trend of positive phase of AO and NAO will continuously lead to the asymmetrical trends of aridity condition, which could enhance wildfire in the eastern Siberia.