bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spanning the gap: unraveling RSC dynamics in vivo
Authors: Neumann Heinz , Wilkins Bryan J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMultiple reports over the past 2 years have provided the first complete structural analyses for the essential yeast chromatin remodeler, RSC, providing elaborate molecular details for its engagement with the nucleosome. However, there still remain gaps in resolution, particularly within the many RSC subunits that harbor histone binding domains.Solving contacts at these interfaces is crucial because they are regulated by posttranslational modifications that control remodeler binding modes and function. Modifications are dynamic in nature often corresponding to transcriptional activation states and cell cycle stage, highlighting not only a need for enriched spatial resolution but also temporal understanding of remodeler engagement with the nucleosome. Our recent work sheds light on some of those gaps by exploring the binding interface between the RSC catalytic motor protein, Sth1, and the nucleosome, in the living nucleus. Using genetically encoded photo-activatable amino acids incorporated into histones of living yeast we are able to monitor the nucleosomal binding of RSC, emphasizing the regulatory roles of histone modifications in a spatiotemporal manner. We observe that RSC prefers to bind H2B SUMOylated nucleosomes in vivo and interacts with neighboring nucleosomes via H3K14ac. Additionally, we establish that RSC is constitutively bound to the nucleosome and is not ejected during mitotic chromatin compaction but alters its binding mode as it progresses through the cell cycle. Our data offer a renewed perspective on RSC mechanics under true physiological conditions.
Cribellate thread production as model for spider’s spinneret kinematics
Authors: Weissbach Margret , Neugebauer Marius , Joel Anna-Christin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSpider silk attracts researchers from the most diverse fields, such as material science or medicine. However, still little is known about silk aside from its molecular structure and material strength. Spiders produce many different silks and even join several silk types to one functional unit. In cribellate spiders, a complex multi-fibre system with up to six different silks affects the adherence to the prey. The assembly of these cribellate capture threads influences the mechanical properties as each fibre type absorbs forces specifically. For the interplay of fibres, spinnerets have to move spatially and come into contact with each other at specific points in time. However, spinneret kinematics are not well described though highly sophisticated movements are performed which are in no way inferior to the movements of other flexible appendages. We describe here the kinematics for the spinnerets involved in the cribellate spinning process of the grey house spider, Badumna longinqua, as an example of spinneret kinematics in general. With this information, we set a basis for understanding spinneret kinematics in other spinning processes of spiders and additionally provide inspiration for biomimetic multiple fibre spinning.
Dynamics of the spatiotemporal morphology of Mei-yu fronts: an initial survey
Authors: Hu Yang , Deng Yi , Lin Yanluan , Zhou Zhimin , Cui Chunguang , Dong Xiquan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMei-yu fronts are often accompanied with prominent diabatic heating due to the development of frontal clouds and rain bands. The direct effect and relative importance of diabatic heating on the spatiotemporal morphology of Mei-yu fronts however remain unclear. Here a new frontogenesis function is derived to isolate the effect of diabatic heating and this function is then applied to the latest high resolution reanalysis product ERA5 to conduct an initial survey of dynamic and thermodynamic processes driving the intensity and structure evolutions of three typical Mei-yu fronts. It is found that the direct effect of latent heating (moisture depletion) is always frontogenetical (frontolytical) in the pre-frontal and frontal zone throughout the lifecycle of the front with latent heating (moisture depletion) in general dominates the front intensification (dissipation). Tilting is another critical process that turns the vertical gradient of equivalent potential temperature into horizontal gradient leading to frontogenesis during the front development stage, and, after the release of convective instability ahead of the front, flattens the front surface leading to frontolysis during the front decaying stage. Therefore titling maintains consistently positive contributions to the evolution of a Mei-yu front and its importance depends highly on the convective intensity near the front. The deformation effect appears frontogenetical but carries a much smaller weight compared to diabatic heating, moisture depletion and tilting. The structure evolutions of the three Mei-yu fronts studied here exhibit two distinct patterns: “bending and breaking”, and “moving and rotating”. Both patterns are dominated by the front propagation (i.e., frontogenesis through air parcels), further highlighting the critical roles played by diabatic heating, moisture depletion and titling in determining the spatiotemporal characteristics of Mei-yu fronts. As these three processes are all closely tied to updrafts, clouds and precipitation near the fronts, improved representations of clouds and convection are needed to accurately depict their feedbacks to frontal evolutions and ultimately achieve better predictions of heavy rainfall and floods associated with Mei-yu fronts.
WALANT–Epinephrine injection may lead to short term, reversible episodes of critical oxygen saturation in the fingertips
Authors: Moog P. , Dozan M. , Betzl J. , Sukhova I. , Kükrek H. , Megerle K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionAlthough the WALANT technique’s long-term safeness has been demonstrated in many studies, there are only few data investigating its short-term effects on tissue perfusion and oxygen levels. It was hypothesized that, temporarily, critical levels of tissue perfusion may occur.MethodsSeventeen patients, who were scheduled for different procedures in WALANT technique, were injected with 5–7 ml of 1% Articain containing 1:200,000 epinephrine at the finger base. Capillary-venous oxygen saturation, hemoglobin volume in the capillaries, and relative blood flow in the fingertips were recorded once per second by white light spectrometry and laser Doppler flowmetry before, during and after injection for an average of 32 min.ResultsClinically, no persistent tissue malperfusion was observed, and there were no postoperative complications. Capillary-venous oxygen saturation was reduced by ≥ 30% in seven patients. Critical levels of oxygen saturation were detected in four patients during 13 intervals, each lasting for 132.5 s on average. Oxygen saturation returned to noncritical values in all patients by the end of the observation period. Blood flow in the fingertips was reduced by more than 30% in nine patients, but no critical levels were observed, as with the hemoglobin. Three patients demonstrated a reactive increase in blood flow of more than 30% after injection.ConclusionsInjection of tumescent local anesthesia containing epinephrine into finger base may temporarily cause a substantial reduction in blood flow and lead to critical levels of oxygen saturation in the fingertips. However, this was fully reversible within minutes and does not cause long-term complications.
Identification of hip fracture patients at risk for postoperative mobilisation complications via handgrip strength assessment
Authors: Gleich Johannes , Pfeufer Daniel , Keppler Alexander M. , Mehaffey Stefan , Fürmetz Julian , Böcker Wolfgang , Kammerlander Christian , Neuerburg Carl 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Treatment of older adult hip fracture patients can be challenging and requires early postoperative mobilisation to prevent complications. Simple clinical tools to predict mobilisation/weight-bearing difficulties after hip fracture surgery are scarcely available and analysis of handgrip strength could be a feasible approach. In the present study, we hypothesised that patients with reduced handgrip strength show incapability to follow postoperative weight-bearing instructions.

Materials and methods
Eighty-four patients aged ≥ 65 years with a proximal femur fracture (trochanteric, n = 45 or femoral neck, n = 39), who were admitted to a certified orthogeriatric center, were consecutively enrolled in a prospective study design. Five days after surgery (intramedullary nailing or arthroplasty), a standardised assessment of handgrip strength and a gait analysis (via insole forcesensors) was performed.

Results
Handgrip strength showed positive correlation with average peak force during gait on the affected limb (0.259), postoperative Parker Mobility Score (0.287) and Barthel Index (0.306). Only slight positive correlation was observed with gait speed (0.157). These results were congruent with multivariate regression analysis.

Conclusion
Assessment of handgrip strength is a simple and reliable tool for early prediction of postoperative mobilisation complications like the inability to follow weight-bearing instructions in older hip fracture patients. Follow-up studies should evaluate if these findings also match with other fracture types and result in personalised adjustment of current aftercare patterns. In addition, efforts should be made to combine objectively collected data as handgrip strength or gait speed in a prediction model for long-term outcome of orthogeriatric patients.
Supraspinatus tendon reconstruction using open infraspinatus tendon shift and autologous biceps tendon interposition grafts
Authors: Panzert Jörg , Hepp Pierre , Hellfritzsch Mareike , Sasse Almut , Theopold Jan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Inferior tendon quality, wide retraction, and tendon stumps that cannot be mobilized define the limits of what is technically feasible for open and arthroscopic rotator cuff reconstruction. The aim of this study was to develop a procedure that enables the open reconstruction of otherwise non-reconstructable rotator cuff tears.

Methods
From 2014 to 2018, 23 operations were performed on 21 patients (mean age 63) using open procedure involving separating the infraspinatus tendon from the point of insertion on the greater tubercle and mobilizing it proximally and ventrally into the defective area. Any remaining defects were augmented using an autologous biceps tendon interposition graft. This augmentation was performed to achieve complete closure of the defect. Furthermore, the augmentation of the rupture zone was intended to strengthen the tendon stumps of the SSP and ISP to better neutralize the initial tensile forces. After a postoperative period of 12 months–4 years, clinical examination and functional tests were carried out, the Constant score was determined, and radiological and magnetic resonance imaging check-up examinations were performed.

Results
The technique resulted in a low-tension closure of an otherwise “non-repairable” superior rotator cuff defect. All patients experienced a significant functional improvement, a reduction in pain, and an increase in muscle strength. An improvement in the Constant score from 48 points preoperatively to 87 points postoperatively (p < 0.05) was observed. In 19 patients (90%), the magnetic resonance image showed an intact reconstruction. Re-rupture was seen in three patients (14%).

Conclusion
The surgical procedure using infraspinatus tendon shift and autologous biceps tendon interposition grafts resulted in the successful reconstruction of otherwise non-reconstructable massive rotator cuff lesions. The complete closure of the defect was observed.
Contribution of nuclear and mitochondrial gene mutations in mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome
Authors: Chakrabarty Sanjiban , Govindaraj Periyasamy , Sankaran Bindu Parayil , Nagappa Madhu , Kabekkodu Shama Prasada , Jayaram Pradyumna , Mallya Sandeep , Deepha Sekar , Ponmalar J. N. Jessiena , Arivinda Hanumanthapura R. , Meena Angamuthu Kanikannan , Jha Rajan Kumar , Sinha Sanjib , Gayathri Narayanappa , Taly Arun B. , Thangaraj Kumarasamy , Satyamoorthy Kapaettu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundMitochondrial disorders are clinically complex and have highly variable phenotypes among all inherited disorders. Mutations in mitochon drial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear genome or both have been reported in mitochondrial diseases suggesting common pathophysiological pathways. Considering the clinical heterogeneity of mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) phenotype including focal neurological deficits, it is important to look beyond mitochondrial gene mutation.MethodsThe clinical, histopathological, biochemical analysis for OXPHOS enzyme activity, and electron microscopic, and neuroimaging analysis was performed to diagnose 11 patients with MELAS syndrome with a multisystem presentation. In addition, whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole mitochondrial genome sequencing were performed to identify nuclear and mitochondrial mutations.ResultsAnalysis of whole mtDNA sequence identified classical pathogenic mutation m.3243A > G in seven out of 11 patients. Exome sequencing identified pathogenic mutation in several nuclear genes associated with mitochondrial encephalopathy, sensorineural hearing loss, diabetes, epilepsy, seizure and cardiomyopathy (POLG,DGUOK,SUCLG2,TRNT1,LOXHD1,KCNQ1,KCNQ2,NEUROD1,MYH7) that may contribute to classical mitochondrial disease phenotype alone or in combination with m.3243A > G mutation.ConclusionIndividuals with MELAS exhibit clinical phenotypes with varying degree of severity affecting multiple systems including auditory, visual, cardiovascular, endocrine, and nervous system. This is the first report to show that nuclear genetic factors influence the clinical outcomes/manifestations of MELAS subjects alone or in combination with m.3243A > G mutation.
Neurological symptoms, manifestations, and complications associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)
Authors: Harapan Biyan Nathanael , Yoo Hyeon Joo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus, is responsible for the outbreak of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It is evident that the COVID-19 pandemic has become a challenging world issue. Although most COVID-19 patients primarily develop respiratory symptoms, an increasing number of neurological symptoms and manifestations associated with COVID-19 have been observed. In this narrative review, we elaborate on proposed neurotropic mechanisms and various neurological symptoms, manifestations, and complications of COVID-19 reported in the present literature. For this purpose, a review of all current published literature (studies, case reports, case series, reviews, editorials, and other articles) was conducted and neurological sequelae of COVID-19 were summarized. Essential and common neurological symptoms including gustatory and olfactory dysfunctions, myalgia, headache, altered mental status, confusion, delirium, and dizziness are presented separately in sections. Moreover, neurological manifestations and complications that are of great concern such as stroke, cerebral (sinus) venous thrombosis, seizures, meningoencephalitis, Guillain–Barré syndrome, Miller Fisher syndrome, acute myelitis, and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) are also addressed systematically. Future studies that examine the impact of neurological symptoms and manifestations on the course of the disease are needed to further clarify and assess the link between neurological complications and the clinical outcome of patients with COVID-19. To limit long-term consequences, it is crucial that healthcare professionals can early detect possible neurological symptoms and are well versed in the increasingly common neurological manifestations and complications of COVID-19.
The association between body mass index and brain morphology in children: a population-based study
Authors: Steegers Cathelijne , Blok Elisabet , Lamballais Sander , Jaddoe Vincent , Bernardoni Fabio , Vernooij Meike , van der Ende Jan , Hillegers Manon , Micali Nadia , Ehrlich Stefan , Jansen Pauline , Dieleman Gwen , White Tonya 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBrain morphology is altered in both anorexia nervosa and obesity. However, it is yet unclear if the relationship between Body Mass Index-Standard Deviation Score (BMI-SDS) and brain morphology exists across the BMI-SDS spectrum, or is present only in the extremes. The study involved 3160 9-to-11 year-old children (50.3% female) who participate in Generation R, a population-based study. Structural MRI scans were obtained from all children and FreeSurfer was used to quantify both global and surface-based measures of gyrification and cortical thickness. Body length and weight were measured to calculate BMI. Dutch growth curves were used to calculate BMI-SDS. BMI-SDS was analyzed continuously and in two categories (median split). The relationship between BMI-SDS (range − 3.82 to 3.31) and gyrification showed an inverted-U shape curve in children with both lower and higher BMI-SDS values having lower gyrification in widespread areas of the brain. BMI-SDS had a positive linear association with cortical thickness in multiple brain regions. This study provides evidence for an association between BMI-SDS and brain morphology in a large sample of children from the general population and suggests that a normal BMI during childhood is important for brain development. Future studies could determine whether lifestyle modifications optimize BMI-SDS result in return to more typical patterns of brain morphology.
Radical-induced cationic frontal polymerisation for prepreg technology
Authors: Tran Anh Dung , Koch Thomas , Liska Robert , Knaack Patrick 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, a new type of prepreg technology has been established using a dual curing system consisting of 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) and frontally polymerisable components based on the epoxide resin. The study of the polymerisation of HDDA revealed (tert-butylcyclohexyl)peroxydicarbonate (BCPC) as the most suitable radical thermal initiator. The presence of BCPC resulted in a fast radical polymerisation of HDDA and no cationic ring-opening reaction of the epoxy, which was observed by monitoring the double bond and epoxy group conversion in real time-NIR rheology measurement. The formed prepreg can subsequently be cured by radical-induced cationic frontal polymerisation of the epoxy resin. Effects of HDDA amount on the radical polymerisation, stiffness of the gel, frontal parameters and thermal mechanical properties of final polymers were investigated. With 10 wt% HDDA, the formed prepreg has very good storage stability, which was proved by monitoring the epoxy group conversion during 4 months of storage at 50 °C while still a stable front can be obtained. Furthermore, the RICFP-prepregs with different fibre contents were prepared and polymerised by RICFP. Then, a snowflake composite was successfully produced using RICFP-prepreg.
Graphic abstract
Preconception origins of perinatal maternal mental health
Authors: Kee Michelle Z. L. , Ponmudi Santhi , Phua Desiree Y. , Rifkin-Graboi Anne , Chong Yap Seng , Tan Kok Hian , Chan Jerry Kok Yen , Broekman Birit F.P. , Chen Helen , Meaney Michael J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPerinatal maternal symptoms of depression and anxiety compromise psychosocial function and influence developmental outcomes in the offspring. The onset of symptoms remains unclear with findings that suggest a preconceptual origin. We addressed this issue with a prospective analysis of anxiety and depressive symptom profiles from preconception through to parturition. Women were recruited into a preconception study to assess (a) variation in symptom levels of depression and anxiety from pre- to post-conception and (b) if the symptom network profiles of depression and anxiety change from pre-conception to post-conception. A within-subject intraclass correlation analyses revealed that symptoms of depression or anxiety in the preconception phase strongly predicted those across pregnancy and into the early postnatal period. The symptom network analysis revealed that the symptom profiles remained largely unchanged from preconception into the second trimester. Our findings suggest that for a significant portion of women, maternal mental health remains stable from preconception into pregnancy. This finding highlights the need for early intervention studies on women’s mental health to be targeted during the preconception period and to be extended across the population.
Increasing involvement of CAPN1 variants in spastic ataxias and phenotype-genotype correlations
Authors: Méreaux Jean-Loup , Firanescu Cristina , Coarelli Giulia , Kvarnung Malin , Rodrigues Rita , Pegoraro Elena , Tazir Meriem , Taithe Frédéric , Valter Rémi , Huin Vincent , Lidström Kristina , Banneau Guillaume , Morais Sara , Parodi Livia , Coutelier Marie , Papin Mélanie , Svenningsson Per , Azulay Jean-Philippe , Alonso Isabel , Nilsson Daniel , Brice Alexis , Le Guern Eric , Press Rayomand , Vazza Giovanni , Loureiro José Leal , Goizet Cyril , Durr Alexandra , Paucar Martin , Stevanin Giovanni 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSpastic ataxias are rare neurogenetic disorders involving spinocerebellar and pyramidal tracts. Many genes are involved. Among them, CAPN1, when mutated, is responsible for a complex inherited form of spastic paraplegia (SPG76). We report the largest published series of 21 novel patients with nine new CAPN1 disease-causing variants and their clinical characteristics from two European university hospitals (Paris and Stockholm). After a formal clinical examination, causative variants were identified by next-generation sequencing and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. CAPN1 variants are a rare cause (~ 1.4%) of young-adult-onset spastic ataxia; however, together with all published cases, they allowed us to better describe the clinical and genetic spectra of this form. Truncating variants are the most frequent, and missense variants lead to earlier age at onset in favor of an additional deleterious effect. Cerebellar ataxia with cerebellar atrophy, dysarthria and lower limb weakness are often associated with spasticity. We also suggest that cognitive impairment and depression should be assessed specifically in the follow-up of SPG76 cases.