bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transformative rural tourism strategies as tools for sustainable development in Transylvania, Romania: a case study of Sâncraiu
Authors: Gica Oana Adriana , Coros Monica Maria , Moisescu Ovidiu Ioan , Yallop Anca C. 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization, sustainable tourism is a form of tourism that meets the needs of present tourists and host regions, while protecting and enhancing the opportunity for the future. It aims at having a low impact upon the environment and local culture; generating income and employment; and ensuring the conservation of local ecosystems. This paper aims to examine the ways in which the development and promotion of a new tourism product based on unique rural heritage and traditions contribute to the development of sustainable tourism by relating the practices to the sustainable development goals (SDGs) 1, 8, 10, 11, 12 and 17.

Design/methodology/approach
Drawing on a literature review on the topic of sustainable rural tourism, this paper uses a case-study methodological approach and provides an example of a sustainable rural tourism destination from the North Western development region of Romania (Cluj County, Transylvania) to depict specific sustainable tourism practices. The study uses a comprehensive desk-research based on secondary data from key industry and academic sources.

Findings
The research findings show that sustainable rural tourism can greatly support the development of rural destination and makes a significant contribution to the sustainable development of the Romanian tourism industry, in general, and rural economies in particular, as shown in the case examined in the paper. Sâncraiu represents an example of sustainable tourism practices that contribute to poverty reduction (SDG1 – Target 1.A), provide decent work and ensure economic growth (SDG8 – Target 8.9), help reducing inequalities (SDG10 – Target 10.3), protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage (SDG 11 – Target 11.4), promote responsible consumption and production (SDG 21 – Target 12.b) and last but not least this destination demonstrates that development is only possible when partnerships are forged (SDG 17).

Social implications
This paper illustrates that fostering unique rural heritage and traditions can contribute to the sustainable development of destinations. Sustainable tourism practices contribute not only financially to a destination but also to its social infrastructures, jobs, nature conservation, adoption of new working practices and the revitalisation of passive and poor rural areas.

Originality/value
This paper examines and depicts sustainable rural tourism development as a transformative strategy contributing to the long-term viability of a rural destination. The research findings can be viewed as an example of good practice, which may be applicable to other geographic regions with similar contexts.
Sea temperature effects on depth use and habitat selection in a marine fish community
Authors: Freitas Carla , Villegas‐Ríos David , Moland Even , Olsen Esben Moland 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Understanding the responses of aquatic animals to temperature variability is essential to predict impacts of future climate change and to inform conservation and management. Most ectotherms such as fish are expected to adjust their behaviour to avoid extreme temperatures and minimize acute changes in body temperature. In coastal Skagerrak, Norway, sea surface temperature (SST) ranges seasonally from 0 to over 20°C, representing a challenge to the fish community which includes cold‐, cool‐ and warm‐water affinity species.

By acoustically tracking 111 individuals of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua, pollack Pollachius pollachius and ballan wrasse Labrus bergylta in 2015–2018, we examined how coexisting species within a fish community adjusted their behaviour (i.e. vertical distribution in the water column and habitat selection) to cope with the thermal variation.

Mixed‐effect models showed that thermal preference was a main driver of behaviour and habitat use of the fish community in a southern Norwegian fjord. Cod used colder waters, compared with pollack and ballan wrasse. Increases in SST during summer were associated with the use of deeper, colder waters by cod, especially by larger individuals, and conversely with the occupancy of shallower areas by pollack and ballan wrasse. During winter, when SST dropped and the thermal stratification reversed, pollack and ballan wrasse moved to deeper, relatively warmer areas, while cod selected shallower, colder habitats. Although habitat selection was affected by temperature, species‐specific habitat selection was observed even when temperature was similar throughout habitats.

This study shows how cohabiting fish species respond to thermal heterogeneity, suggesting that (a) temperature regulates the access to the different depths and habitats and (b) behavioural plasticity may be an important factor for coping with temperature variability and potentially for adaptation to climate change.
Twenty Years on: The Impact and Legacy of the Private Finance Initiative in UK Schools
Authors: Granoulhac Françoise 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBetween 1998 and 2010 public private partnership models, of which the private finance initiative (PFI) was the best‐known and most widely used, became the favoured option to procure school buildings and facilities in the UK. This article looks at the multifaceted legacy of PFI from a threefold perspective: financial, educational and architectural. It highlights the long‐term effects of those schemes on schools and local authorities and the challenges arising from the burden of the debt and the nature of the contracts. Positive changes have been observed over time, but also a growing financialisation of school projects which has deepened an already sharp divide between the different stakeholders. Financial value has been prioritised over educational value in the management of contracts, while the procurement and construction method has had a clear impact on the quality of school buildings. Twenty years on, the PFI experience in education shows the persistent flaws of a system in which public authorities cannot fully exercise control over projects but have retained responsibility for the provision of quality learning environments.
Viscozyme L hydrolysis and Lactobacillus fermentation increase the phenolic compound content and antioxidant properties of aqueous solutions of quinoa pretreated by steaming with α‐amylase
Authors: Zhang Jigang , Li Maoye , Cheng Jianghua , Zhang Xinhong , Li Kexin , Li Bin , Wang Chuyan , Liu Xinmin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this work, red quinoa was successively subjected to α‐amylase steaming, complex enzyme Viscozyme (R) L hydrolysis, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation. The total phenolic compound content (TPC), flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant capacities of the solvent‐extractable (free) and bound fractions and the individual phenolic compounds released were determined. Compared to steaming with α‐amylase, enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of quinoa resulted in approximately 82.6, 26.9, 36.3, and 45.2% increases in the TPC (the sum of free and bound fractions), TFC, DPPH, and ORAC values, respectively. HPLC‐QqQ‐MS/MS analysis showed that enzymolysis and fermentation increased the content of protocatechuic acid, catechin, procyanidin B2, and quercetin by 126.3, 101.9, 524, and 296.3%, respectively. Moreover, a major proportion of individual phenolic compounds existed as bound form. The results indicated that complex enzymatic hydrolysis and LAB fermentation were practical and useful to release promising polyphenols. This research provides a basis for the processing of quinoa beverages rich in phenolic compounds.Practical ApplicationIn this work, liquefying with α‐amylase, hydrolyzing with cellulolytic enzyme mixture, and fermenting with Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), successively, were exploited to process quinoa. This is an innovative method of quinoa processing to produce beverage products. Complex enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation with LAB can significantly enhance phenolic compound, especially protocatechuic acid, catechin, procyanidin B2, and quercetin. In additional, LAB fermentation is very beneficial to improve the antioxidant activity of quinoa. We also found that a major proportion of phenolic compounds existed as bound forms in quinoa.
Social and spatial patterns of two Afromontane crag lizards (Pseudocordylus spp.) in the Maloti‐Drakensberg Mountains, South Africa
Authors: Riley Julia L. , Baxter‐Gilbert James H. , Whiting Martin J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the evolution of vertebrate sociality requires comparative data on social associations across the vertebrate phylogeny. In the case of group‐living lizards (i.e. species that live in stable social aggregations often associated with a shared resource), most work has focused on the Egerniinae in Australia, resulting in a taxonomic and geographic skew to our understanding of reptile sociality. The African cordylid lizards (Cordylidae) are also a promising system to study the evolution of sociality because grouping behaviour varies across the clade. Here, we studied the conspecific grouping behaviour of two crag lizards, Pseudocordylus langi and P. melanotus subviridis that occur at high elevations in the Maloti‐Drakensberg Mountains of South Africa. To better understand their social organisation and mating system, we also present data on their spatial distribution, sexual dimorphism, and bite force. Both Pseudocordylus spp. were sexually dimorphic in morphology (males had larger heads than females of similar body size), colouration (males were more colourful) and female P. langi had a weaker bite force than males. Both P. langi and P. m. subviridis were associated with rocky habitat on the mountainside (e.g. cliffs, rock buttresses, and rock outcrops) and both were spaced apart and rarely in groups (79% of P. langi and 90% of P. m. subviridis were observed alone). Based on our findings, we hypothesise that both Pseudocordylus spp. have a territorial social structure and a polygynous mating system. This novel natural history information about crag lizards supports the assertion that Cordylidae is another model system for examining the evolution of sociality.
Biliary tract exploration via left hepatic duct stump versus the common bile duct incision in left‐sided hepatolithiasis: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Rui , Shan Biaofeng , Tian Ke , Zhang Xiaoqiang , Xie Xiaohai 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundLeft lateral hepatic resection is the preferred surgical approach for treating left hepatolithiasis. However, it is not clear whether cholangioscopy via left hepatic duct (LHD) orifice can replace conventional common bile duct (CBD) approach during laparoscopic procedures.MethodsWe performed a comprehensive literature search by screening medical databases, then compared perioperative outcomes and occurrence of recurrent stones between LHD and CBD approaches.ResultsA total of five studies, comprising 345 patients, were included in this meta‐analysis. The reported operative times, intra‐operative blood loss and incidence of post‐operative complications were comparable between the approaches. Pooled results revealed a positive correlation between LHD approach with shorter length of hospital stay (standard mean difference = −1.36; 95% confidence interval: −2.10, −0.61; P < 0.001). Additionally, bile duct exploration via LHD orifice was associated with similar rate of recurrent stones and cholangitis across both groups.ConclusionsOur results demonstrated that biliary tract exploration via LHD stump can be safely performed in left‐sided hepatolithiasis. Additionally, the LHD approach was associated with comparable intra‐operative outcomes and shorter post‐operative hospitalization relative to CBD approach, and does not increase incidence of stone recurrence.
Latent profiles and transition of perceived parental control and their relationship with the psychosocial well‐being among rural‐to‐urban migrant adolescents
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Su Shaobing , Xiao Jiale , Zhang Yiru , Lin Danhua 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe present study examined what, if any, patterns of parental control are associated with multiple indicators of psychosocial well‐being and whether changes in these patterns over time predict subsequent psychosocial well‐being. Latent profile analyses and latent transition analyses were applied to identify subgroups of parental control and transitions of these patterns over time among rural‐to‐urban migrant adolescents who participated in two waves of surveys with 6‐month interval in 2014 (NT1 = 660, NT2 = 553). Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to explore their relationship with psychosocial well‐being. Four latent profiles were identified based on levels of parental control at wave 1 and wave 2, respectively. The high psychological and behavioral control (HPHB) group was associated with worse psychosocial well‐being whereas the low psychological control and high behavioral control (LPHB) group exhibited opposite relationships. Six transitioning groups were identified: “stably low‐risk” (14.92%), “stably medium‐risk” (7.37%), “stably high‐risk” (24.49%), “floating LPHB” (26.52%), “high‐decreasing” (15.10%), and “low‐increasing” (11.60%) groups. The “stably high‐risk” and “low‐increasing” groups showed a higher risk in psychosocial well‐being. Youth exhibiting higher risks of parental control (i.e. individuals in HPHB groups and higher‐risk transition patterns over time) should prioritize for interventions and services.
“Never Hire Those—!” Hiring stigma in Turkish organizations: An exploratory sequential mixed methods approach
Authors: Sever Melih , Özdemir Seyhan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis mixed method study aims to analyze how stigma and discrimination operate in hiring processes. Although numerous studies address hiring stigma, extensive research and multiple factor measures in the Turkish and broader context are lacking. We employed an exploratory sequential mixed method design in this three‐phase study (N = 423). Phase I was to analyze interviews from 23 employers/human resource managers in different sectors. Phase II was to develop a scale using findings to measure hiring stigma and to validate the scale, which is composed of 5 dimensions (people with criminal records, problematic alcohol and other drug use, disabilities, minority and/or nonconforming, and refugees) and 17 items. We then tested for discriminant and convergent validity on a different sample. Phase III was to administer the developed scale to a different sample in order to test factor analysis. Findings suggest that the hiring stigma scale is a valid and reliable measure and employers mostly stigmatize people with problematic use of alcohol and other drugs, people with criminal records, and refugees. We suggest organizing workshops, such as diversity trainings to increase awareness about stigmatizing attitudes of employers. Antidiscriminatory legislation should protect not only those with disabilities, but also other stigmatized groups at the state level.
High risk of relapse with intermediate dose cytarabine for consolidation in young favourable‐risk acute myeloid leukaemia patients following induction with 7+3: a retrospective multicentre analysis and critical review of the literature
Authors: Kolla Bhaskar C. , Halim Nurul A. A. , Cao Qing , Sachs Zohar , Warlick Erica , Weisdorf Daniel , Ho Aloysius Y. L. , Chuan Wong G. , Lao Zhentang , He Fiona 
Published: April 2021

SummaryFollowing the 2017 European LeukemiaNet (ELN) guidelines, we changed our practice from using high‐dose cytarabine (HIDAC‐3 g/m2 q12h‐D1,3,5) to intermediate‐dose cytarabine (IDAC‐1·5 g/m2 q12h‐D1,3,5/D1–3) for consolidation in young(<60 years) favourable‐risk acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients. We assessed the clinical impact of this practice change. Of 80 patients, 51 received HIDAC prior to the protocol change, and subsequently, 29 received IDAC. The three‐year risk of relapse was significantly higher with IDAC [61%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 40–82] compared with HIDAC (22%; 10–34), P < 0·01. Our findings suggest HIDAC, rather than IDAC, is the preferred dose for single‐agent cytarabine consolidation in young, favourable‐risk AML following 7+3 induction.
Clinical management among individuals with variant of uncertain significance in hereditary cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Makhnoon Sukh , Bednar Erica M. , Krause Kate J. , Peterson Susan K. , Lopez‐Olivo Maria A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractImproper medical use of variant of uncertain significance (VUS) remains a concern in hereditary cancer genetic testing. The goal of this study was to assess the association between pathogenic and likely pathogenic (P/LP), VUS, and benign and likely benign (B/LB) genetic test results and cancer‐related surgical and screening management. Systematic searches of Medline, Embase, EBSCO CINAHL Plus, and PsycINFO were conducted from 1946 to August 26, 2020. Eligible studies included individuals with cancer genetic test result and surgical or screening management outcomes. We reviewed 885 abstracts and 22 studies that reported relevant surgical and screening outcomes were included. Meta‐analysis revealed significantly higher surgical rates among individuals with P/LP than among those with VUS for therapeutic mastectomy with contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (OR = 7.35, 95% CI, 4.14–13.64), prophylactic mastectomy (OR = 3.05, 95% CI, 1.5–6.19), and oophorectomy (OR = 6.46, 95% CI, 3.64–11.44). There were no significant differences in therapeutic mastectomy, or breast conservation or lumpectomy rates between individuals with P/LP and VUS, or in any outcomes between patients with VUS and B/LB. Studies evaluating screening outcomes were limited, and results were conflicting. Comprehensive analysis do not indicate that a significant number of individuals with VUS results undergo inappropriate clinical management.
Erythritol airpolishing in the non‐surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hentenaar Diederik F. M. , De Waal Yvonne C. M. , Stewart Roy E. , Van Winkelhoff Arie Jan , Meijer Henny J. A. , Raghoebar Gerry M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo compare erythritol air polishing with piezoelectric ultrasonic scaling in the non‐surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis.Material and methodsEighty patients (n = 139 implants) with peri‐implantitis (probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥5 mm, marginal bone loss (MBL) ≥2 mm as compared to bone level at implant placement, bleeding, and/or suppuration on probing (BoP/SoP)) were randomly allocated to air polishing or ultrasonic treatment. The primary outcome was mean BoP (%) at 3 months after therapy (T3). Secondary outcomes were mean SoP (%), plaque score (Plq) (%), PPD (mm), MBL (mm), full mouth periodontal scores (FMPS) (%), levels of 8 classical periodontal pathogens, and treatment pain/discomfort (Visual Analog Scale, VAS). Patients who were considered successful at T3 were additionally assessed at 6, 9, and 12 months. Differences between both groups were analyzed using multilevel statistics.ResultsThree months after therapy, no significant difference in mean BoP (%) between the air polishing and ultrasonic therapy was found (crude analysis β (95% CI) −0.037 (−0.147; 0.073), p = .380). Neither secondary outcomes SoP (%), Plq (%), PPD (mm), MBL (mm), FMPS (%), and periodontal pathogens showed significant differences. Treatment pain/discomfort was low in both groups (VAS score airpolishing group 2.1 (±1.9), ultrasonic 2.6 (±1.9); p = .222). All successfully treated patients at T3 (18.4%) were still considered successful at 12‐month follow‐up.ConclusionsErythritol air polishing seems as effective as piezoelectric ultrasonic scaling in the non‐surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis, in terms of clinical, radiographical, and microbiological parameters. However, neither of the proposed therapies effectively resolved peri‐implantitis. Hence, the majority of patients required further surgical treatment.
The Editing Density of Moving Images Influences Viewers’ Time Perception: The Mediating Role of Eye Movements
Authors: Balzarotti Stefania , Cavaletti Federica , D'Aloia Adriano , Colombo Barbara , Cardani Elisa , Ciceri Maria Rita , Antonietti Alessandro , Eugeni Ruggero 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe present study examined whether cinematographic editing density affects viewers’ perception of time. As a second aim, based on embodied models that conceive time perception as strictly connected to the movement, we tested the hypothesis that the editing density of moving images also affects viewers’ eye movements and that these later mediate the effect of editing density on viewers’ temporal judgments. Seventy participants watched nine video clips edited by manipulating the number of cuts (slow‐ and fast‐paced editing against a master shot, unedited condition). For each editing density, multiple video clips were created, representing three different kinds of routine actions. The participants’ eye movements were recorded while watching the video, and the participants were asked to report duration judgments and subjective passage of time judgments after watching each clip. The results showed that participants subjectively perceived that time flew more while watching fast‐paced edited videos than slow‐paced or unedited videos; by contrast, concerning duration judgments, participants overestimated the duration of fast‐paced videos compared to the master‐shot videos. Both the slow‐ and the fast‐paced editing generated shorter fixations than the master shot, and the fast‐paced editing led to shorter fixations than the slow‐paced editing. Finally, compared to the unedited condition, editing led to an overestimation of durations through increased eye mobility. These findings suggest that the editing density of moving images by increasing the number of cuts effectively altered viewers’ experience of time and add further evidence to prior research showing that performed eye movement is associated with temporal judgments.
Per‐rectal portal scintigraphy as an alternative measure of hepatic venous pressure gradient in chronic liver disease: A preliminary report
Authors: Kotani Kohei , Uchida‐Kobayashi Sawako , Yamamoto Akira , Kawamura Etsushi , Enomoto Masaru , Higashiyama Shigeaki , Kawabe Joji , Shiomi Susumu , Tamori Akihiro , Kawada Norifumi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimHepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) measurement is a gold standard for the diagnosis of portal hypertension but can be invasive and difficult to conduct. Per‐rectal portal scintigraphy (PRPS) can estimate portal haemodynamics noninvasively. However, no report to date has examined the association between HVPG and PRPS in patients with chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis.MethodsThis single‐centre study included a total of 21 patients with chronic liver disease who underwent HVPG measurement and PRPS. For PRPS, the transit times from injection of the radiotracer to its inflow into the liver (TTL) and heart (TTH) were set and the time difference between TTL and TTH (TDLH) was calculated, while the shunt index (SI) was measured.ResultsCirrhosis was observed in 18 cases (86%), and the median HVPG was 13 mmHg. HVPG (p = 0.028), TTL (p = 0.018), TDLH (p = 0.003) and SI (p = 0.033) were higher in patients with oesophageal varices (EV). Considering the diagnostic ability for EV, the area under the curve was 0.88 for TDLH and 0.80 for HVPG. TDLH was significantly correlated with the risk of EV rupture (p = 0.004).ConclusionPatients with chronic liver disease should undergo upper gastrointestinal endoscopy when the TDLH is high.