bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rheology and processing of UV‐curable textured alumina inks for additive manufacturing
Authors: Rosenberger Andrew , Ku Nicholas , Vargas‐Gonzalez Lionel , Alazzawi Mustafa , Haber Richard 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA UV‐curable resin containing alumina (Al2O3) powder and platelets was developed and characterized using a proof‐of concept tape‐casting system and trialed on a commercially available 3D‐printing platform (Admatec Admaflex 130). The influence of solids loading and solids platelet fraction on resin viscosity and depth of cure was investigated. Resins containing up to 40 vol% solids loading at platelet fractions up to 50% were found to have sufficiently low viscosity for tape casting and cure depths ranging from 0.29 to 0.39 mm. Alumina platelets were observed to lower ink viscosity but also reduce shear thinning behavior compared to inks containing only powder. Printability of inks was assessed by layered tape casting, and verified with a trial build on an Admaflex 130. Due to the low solids loading of the resin, hot pressing at 1300°C and 66 MPa was employed to sinter specimens containing no platelets and 15% platelet fractions, yielding specimens with near theoretical densities (99.7%) and average grain sizes of 0.96 µm and 0.83 µm, respectively. Alignment before and after sintering was assessed by SEM and XRD, with lotgering factors of 0.045±0.005 and 0.114 measured in the green and sintered specimens, respectively.
Food‐related oral discomfort: A cross‐sectional survey assessing the sensory dimension of oral discomfort in French independently living adults
Authors: Braud Adeline , Lourtioux Flore , Picouet Pierre , Maitre Isabelle 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundDiscomfort encountered during oral processing may cause food avoidance and increase the risk of malnutrition in older adults. The aim of the present survey was to explore the relationships between oral health and the oral discomfort experienced while eating in senior people.Materials and methodsIn a cross‐sectional study, oral discomfort was assessed in a sample of 119 independently living participants aged between 35 and 81 years. Statistical analyses were used to identify categorical variables associated with food‐related oral discomfort, including age, oral health‐related quality of life (OHQoL), saliva secretion, occluding support, oral diseases and denture use.ResultsFood‐related oral discomfort concerned 28.5% of the participants. Within the sample study, the risk of experiencing food‐related oral discomfort was increased for participants perceiving average (OR = 7.968, CI 95% = 2.603–24.381, p = .000) or poor OHQoL (OR = 17.109, CI 95% = 4.398–66.552, p = .000) and presenting strictly fewer than 7 occlusal functional units (OFUs) (OR = 3.396, CI 95% = 1.206–9.561, p = .020). Textured foods including fibrous (66.6%), heterogenous (60.6%) and grainy foods (42.4%) were mostly cited as food‐related oral discomfort trigger factors. Within the 66–80 years group, participants having 0–6 OFUs were four times more likely to experience oral discomfort related to fibrous foods than participants having more than 7 OFUs (OR = 4.812, CI 95% = 1.192–19.415, p = .024). Within this group, participants having their teeth replaced by denture were also four times more likely to develop oral discomfort related to foods with heterogeneous textures (OR = 4.714, CI 95% = 1.030–21.562, p = .045) and grainy foods (OR = 7.285, CI 95% = 1.308–40.568, p = .023) than non‐denture wearers.ConclusionPoor oral health conditions may generate oral discomfort with foods in the elderly especially with fibrous, heterogenous and grainy textures, and thus affect mealtime experience.
Coordinating monetary policy and macroprudential policy: Bureaucratic politics, regulatory intermediary, and bank lobbying
Authors: Coban Mehmet Kerem 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe tend to overlook the linkages between how policy coordination within bureaucracy is achieved and the nontrivial implications of policy coordination for business power over the policy process. This article addresses this gap by exploring macroprudential regulatory governance in Turkey. Drawing on elite interviews and written sources, the article argues that analytically and operationally more capable and politically endorsed central bank subordinated the autonomous bank regulator, as the latter assumed a de facto regulatory intermediary role between the former and the regulatee. Within this setting, the regulatee could not rely on its structural and institutional power for mobilization of instrumental power to contest and overturn macroprudential measures. The article contributes to our understanding of the conditions of policy coordination within bureaucracy, how de jure regulator could be subordinated as a de facto regulatory intermediary, and why influential business power needs both a politically and bureaucratically enabling setting.
Exogenous trehalose protects photosystem II by promoting cyclic electron flow under heat and drought stresses in winter wheat
Authors: Luo Y. , Xie Y. , He D. , Wang W. , Yuan S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Drought and rising global temperatures are important factors that reduce wheat production. Trehalose protects the reaction centres and improves photosystem II (PSII) activity under diverse stress conditions. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Cyclic electron flow (CEF) plays an important role in protecting PSII under environmental stresses.

Our study focused on the effects of exogenous trehalose on the activity of PSII, D1 protein content, plastoquinone (PQ) pool and ATP synthase activity in wheat seedlings under heat and drought stresses to explore the relationship between trehalose and CEF.

The results indicated that heat and drought stresses decreased maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and electron transport rate of PSII (EFR(II)), whereas the trehalose pretreatment improved photochemical efficiency and electron transport rate of PSII. The trehalose pretreatment stimulated CEF under heat and drought stresses. Furthermore, the proton gradient (ΔpH) across the thylakoid membrane and ATPase activity increased. The higher ΔpH and ATPase activity played a key role in protecting PSII under stresses. Trehalose pretreatment could reduce inhibition caused by heat and drought stresses on the PQ pool.

Thus, our results indicated that photoinhibition in heat‐ and drought‐stressed plants was alleviated by the trehalose pretreatment, which was mediated by CEF and the PQ pool.
Aetiology of garlic rot, an emerging disease in France
Authors: Chrétien Paul L. , Morris Cindy E. , Duffaud Magali , Leyronas Christel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe incidence of garlic rot has constantly increased in France since the early 2000s. To set up an efficient method of garlic protection against this disease, we have clarified its aetiology. This was achieved by surveying garlic from the two main French basins of garlic production over 3 years. Fungi were isolated from 5,493 garlic cloves belonging to pink, purple, and white garlic types. Sequencing of the translation elongation factor 1α gene of 1,171 strains revealed that 94% of the strains belonged to the species Fusarium proliferatum and 6% belonged to F. oxysporum. The pathogenicity of both species on garlic was confirmed by artificial inoculations and reisolations. There was significantly more F. oxysporum in garlic cloves with symptoms coming from the southeast basin (9.44%) than from the southwest basin (2.76%). This study confirms that garlic rot is present in pink, purple, and white types. However, pink type garlic harbours F. oxysporum significantly less frequently (1.59%) than white (9.39%) and purple (7.34%) types. Sequencing of rpb1, rpb2, ITS, and IGS regions of a subsample of strains revealed that there is little genetic diversity in the French population of F. proliferatum.
Resting heart rate variability modulates the effects of concurrent working memory load on affective startle modification
Authors: Yang Xiao , Spangler Derek P. , Thayer Julian F. , Friedman Bruce H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractVagally mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV) is thought to index top–down control processes in emotion regulation. According to the Generalized Unsafety Theory of Stress (GUTS), resting vmHRV indexes top–down resources that are needed to inhibit subcortical threat circuits, which is important for context‐appropriate affective responding. Although this notion has been supported by studies of affective startle (SR) modification, direct evidence that top–down resources are the linking mechanism between vmHRV and context‐appropriate affective responding has been lacking. To investigate this possible mechanism, college‐aged participants (n = 92) were recruited to complete a picture viewing task and a concurrent working memory (WM) task. Concurrent WM load was manipulated, and the auditory SR stimulus was delivered while viewing affective pictures. Electrocardiography and electromyography were recorded to assess vmHRV and SR eyeblink, respectively. Results showed that WM load attenuated affective SR modification. As expected, the attenuating effects of load on affective SR modification were stronger among low vmHRV relative to high vmHRV individuals, indicating that vmHRV is linked to context‐appropriate affective responding through the mechanism of top–down resources. These results support the GUTS and suggest that atypical affective responding among low vmHRV individuals is attributed to the lack of WM resources. Our findings highlight the relation between vmHRV and top–down resources that have been implicated in emotion regulation and contribute to a better understanding of emotion dysregulation in psychopathology.
A Bayesian analysis of boar spermatozoa kinematics and head morphometrics and their relationship with litter size fertility variables
Authors: Barquero Vinicio , Soler Carles , Sevilla Francisco , Calderón‐Calderón Josué , Valverde Anthony 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe semen movement and sperm head size patterns of boar ejaculates were analysed using computer‐assisted semen analysis (CASA)‐Mot and ‐Morph systems. The aim of the present study was to compare morphometric and kinematics variables from boars and to determine the relationship with sow fertility variables related to litter size. The females were from maternal crossing schemes such as the continuous 3‐generation cross between York (Y), Landrace (L), and Pietrain (P) hybrid sows and Pietrain boars. Semen samples were collected from 11 sexually mature boars from two sire lines. Samples were analysed using the ISAS®v1 system to evaluate eight kinematic variables of sperm velocity, progressiveness and undulations. Four morphometric parameters of sperm head size (length, width, area and perimeter) were analysed. Bayesian analysis revealed relevant differences in four kinematic variables (VSL, LIN, STR and WOB) between sire lines, with a probability of relevance (PR) of 0.79–0.91, and Pietrain boars were associated with higher progressive motility compared with Duroc x Pietrain boars. Moreover, there were relevant differences in all morphometric variables (PR = 0.82–0.85) between sire lines. The dam line Y‐L‐50 (½ Y × ½ L) had higher total born per litter and piglets born alive, and YLP‐75 (1/8 Y × 1/8 L × 3/4 P) was associated with higher values of litter weight at birth (highest posterior density region at 95% = 9.92, 16.41 kg). There are relevant differences in kinematic variables between the assessed sire lines and the differences in morphometric and litter size variables were also relevant. The York‐Landrace hybrid sows had higher total born per litter and piglets born alive, and there were relevant differences when compared with YLP‐50 (¼ York × ¼ Landrace × ½ Pietrain). Differences in kinematic and morphometric variables between sire and dam lines related to fertility need to be further studied.
Summary and comparison of the perforin in teleosts and mammals: A review
Authors: Xu Jiahui , Yang Ning , Xie Ting , Yang Guiwen , Chang Linrui , Yan Dongchun , Li Ting 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPerforin, a pore‐forming glycoprotein, has been demonstrated to play key roles in clearing virus‐infected cells and tumour cells due to its ability of forming ‘pores’ on the cell membranes. Additionally, perforin is also found to be associated with human diseases such as tumours, virus infections, immune rejection and some autoimmune diseases. Until now, plenty of perforin genes have been identified in vertebrates, especially the mammals and teleost fish. Conversely, vertebrate homologue of perforin gene was not identified in the invertebrates. Although recently there have been several reviews focusing on perforin and granzymes in mammals, no one highlighted the current advances of perforin in the other vertebrates. Here, in addition to mammalian perforin, the structure, evolution, tissue distribution and function of perforin in bony fish are summarized, respectively, which will allow us to gain more insights into the perforin in lower animals and the evolution of this important pore‐forming protein across vertebrates.
Black Feminist Figures: Interventions and Inheritances
Authors: Stewart Lindsey 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn both popular culture and academic disciplines, feminism, especially feminisms of women of color, is increasing in popularity. But with that popularity comes certain challenges. It would seem that, due to its popularity, Black feminism has gained a nominal invite to professional philosophy’s (largely) white school social affair. But it has been invited by hosts who don’t quite know what to do with Black feminism once it’s arrived.
Who Trusts the WHO? Heuristics and Americans’ Trust in the World Health Organization During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Bayram A. Burcu , Shields Todd 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveWhy do some Americans trust the World Health Organization (WHO) during the COVID‐19 pandemic, but others do not? To date, there has been no examination of trust in the WHO. Yet the global nature of the pandemic necessitates expanding our scholarship to international health organizations. We test the effects of partisanship, ideology, the cooperative internationalist foreign policy orientation, and nationalism on trust in the WHO and subsequently examine how this trust relates to preventive health behavior.MethodsMultivariate analysis of original survey data from a representative sample of Americans.ResultsDemocrats, liberals, and those with a strong cooperative internationalist foreign policy orientation are more likely to trust the WHO's competence and integrity in responding to the COVID‐19 pandemic while Republicans, conservatives, and nationalists are less likely. Even though trust in the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) has the largest impact on preventive health behaviors, trust in the competence of the WHO is also an important factor. These results remain robust after controlling for other covariates.ConclusionPandemic politics in the United States is polarized along party and ideological lines. However, our results show that a fuller understanding Americans’ political trust and health behaviors during COVID‐19 requires taking the international dimensions of the pandemic seriously.
One Bad Apple Spoils the Bunch: Kavanaugh and Change in Institutional Support for the Supreme Court
Authors: Carrington Nathan T. , French Colin 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveWe analyze the extent to which, if any, institutional support of the U.S. Supreme Court was influenced by the confirmation hearings of Brett Kavanaugh.MethodsWe use a nationally representative survey supplemented with an online survey experiment using a hypothetical nominee both conducted shortly after the Senate confirmed Kavanaugh to the bench.ResultsWe find a strong relationship between negative feelings toward Kavanaugh and support for reform of the Court and confirm the direction of this relationship in the subsequent experiment.ConclusionIn contrast to Krewson and Schroedel, our findings show that appointing a nominee who behaves in an overtly political manner during their confirmation hearings can significantly and meaningfully affect the institutional support afforded to the nation's highest court.
Carbapenem‐resistant Serratia marcescens bloodstream infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients: Will it be the next challenge?
Authors: do Prado Gladys V. B. , Mendes Elisa T. , Martins Roberta C. R. , Perdigão‐Neto Lauro V. , Freire Maristela P. , Spadão Fernanda , de Castro Lima Victor A. C. , Rossi Flavia , Guimarães Thais , Levin Anna S. , Rocha Vanderson , Costa Silvia F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSurveillance programs have been reporting decreasing rates of carbapenem‐sensitivity in Serratia marcescens, leading to a concern regarding the few remaining therapeutic options to treat these multidrug‐resistant (MDR) organisms. Here, we describe a case series of 11 stem cell hematopoietic transplantation patients infected (N = 6) or colonized (N = 5) by carbapenem‐resistant S marcescens (CrSm) from 2010 to 2013. The comorbidities found were acute renal insufficiency (3/11), neutropenia (7/11), and mucositis (8/11), and the mortality rate was 64%. KPC was the most prevalent carbapenemase detected (8/11) and tigecycline and gentamicin were the antimicrobials used as treatment.
Mechanisms shaping the synergism of zeaxanthin and PsbS in photoprotective energy dissipation in the photosynthetic apparatus of plants
Authors: Welc Renata , Luchowski Rafal , Kluczyk Dariusz , Zubik‐Duda Monika , Grudzinski Wojciech , Maksim Magdalena , Reszczynska Emilia , Sowinski Karol , Mazur Radosław , Nosalewicz Artur , Gruszecki Wieslaw I. 
Published: April 2021

SummarySafe operation of photosynthesis is vital to plants and is ensured by the activity of processes protecting chloroplasts against photo‐damage. The harmless dissipation of excess excitation energy is considered to be the primary photoprotective mechanism and is most effective in the combined presence of PsbS protein and zeaxanthin, a xanthophyll accumulated in strong light as a result of the xanthophyll cycle. Here we address the problem of specific molecular mechanisms underlying the synergistic effect of zeaxanthin and PsbS. The experiments were conducted with Arabidopsis thaliana, using wild‐type plants, mutants lacking PsbS (npq4), and mutants affected in the xanthophyll cycle (npq1), with the application of molecular spectroscopy and imaging techniques. The results lead to the conclusion that PsbS interferes with the formation of densely packed aggregates of thylakoid membrane proteins, thus allowing easy exchange and incorporation of xanthophyll cycle pigments into such structures. It was found that xanthophylls trapped within supramolecular structures, most likely in the interfacial protein region, determine their photophysical properties. The structures formed in the presence of violaxanthin are characterized by minimized dissipation of excitation energy. In contrast, the structures formed in the presence of zeaxanthin show enhanced excitation quenching, thus protecting the system against photo‐damage.
Demographic, clinical, and biochemical predictors of pica in a large cohort of blood donors
Authors: Liu Hefei , Burns Robert T. , Spencer Bryan R. , Page Grier P. , Mast Alan E. ,   for the NHLBI Recipient Epidemiology Donor Evaluation Study (REDS)‐III
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundPica is characterized as repeatedly eating or chewing a non‐nutritious substance including, but not limited to ice, clay and dirt, starch, raw pasta, chalk, coal, paint, or paper. Pica symptoms can be intense and addiction‐like and disrupt quality of life. It is strongly linked to iron deficiency. Since substantial iron loss occurs during blood donation, blood donors may be susceptible to development of pica behaviors.MethodsWe investigated demographic, clinical, hematological, and biochemical factors associated with pica using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis in a cohort of 11,418 racially diverse blood donors. Pica was defined by questionnaire responses as consuming at least 8 oz of ice daily and/or consumption of non‐ice substances regardless of the amount and frequency.ResultsPica was present in 2.2% of the donors. The sensitivity and specificity of pica in iron‐deficient donors were 36% and 82%, respectively. Lower ferritin (p = .001), non‐Asian race (p < .001), higher red cell distribution width (p < .001), younger age, and restless legs syndrome (p = .008) were independently associated with pica. Female sex is associated with iron deficiency but was not an independent predictor of pica suggesting that iron deficient males and females were equally susceptible to the development of pica behaviors. Donors with normal ferritin levels also reported pica, reinforcing the role of non‐iron related factors in its presentation.ConclusionsWe have identified demographic, clinical, and biochemical predictors of pica that help identify those most at risk for developing pica behaviors, and thereby assist in its clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Standing trans‐nasal endoscopic guided CO2 laser fenestration of the palatine bone to access the sphenopalatine sinus in a horse
Authors: Perez Jairo A. , Hutton Anne E. , Cudd Sarah K. , Brown James A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a novel standing trans‐nasal endoscopic guided CO2 laser fenestration approach to access the sphenopalatine sinus (SPS) in the horse.Study designCase report.AnimalsCadaver study and client‐owned 20‐year‐old Warmblood gelding.MethodsThe rostral palatine bone within the nasopharynx was investigated as a possible site for fenestration to access the SPS in cadavers. The ability to fenestrate the SPS was tested in cadavers using a flexible endoscope and CO2 laser fiber inserted via biopsy channel. The fenestration procedure was then performed in a clinical case presented for unilateral epistaxis where a soft tissue attenuating mass in the right SPS was identified with standing computed tomography (CT).ResultsThe cadaver study demonstrated the appropriate site within the nasopharynx midway between the vomer and dorsal conchal wall. The CO2 laser successfully ablated the mucosa and palatine bone to enable endoscopic access to the palatine portion of the SPS. The endoscopic procedure was performed as a two‐step process via standing sedation due to mucosal bleeding obscuring visualization. Access to the SPS through fenestration allowed biopsy under direct endoscopic visualization with long‐handled bronchoesophageal forceps inserted via the ipsilateral middle meatus. The mass within SPS was determined to be an undifferentiated carcinoma. Further treatment was declined and the horse euthanized 6 months following the procedure due to acute onset of neurologic symptoms.ConclusionEndoscopically guided fenestration of the rostral palatine bone within the nasopharynx using CO2 laser in the standing horse provided good access and visualization of the palatine portion of the SPS.
Computer Aided Rheological Design of Injection Molded Products
Authors: Zeid I. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Traditionally, injection mold design has been quite empirical, relying on previous experiences, rather than sound engineering principles. This is due to the lack of algorithms available to injection mold designers. With the continuous advancement of the CAD/CAM technology, new principles can be developed to generate fully integrated and automated mold design procedures. This paper presents a methodology of a more analytical approach to mold design. Such methodology is based on the branching technique which is utilized to develop the required data for the rheological analysis. A post-processor is also developed to enable mold designers make their decisions. Numerical experiments are included to demonstrate the scope of the analytical approach.