bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical applications of monitoring immune status with 90 immune cell subsets in human whole blood by 10‐color flow cytometry
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Li Haibo , Zhang Lihua , Jiang Wenli , Shen Lisong , Fan Guang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe immune system may involve and predict the different prognosis and therapy consequences. So, it's important to monitor and evaluate the immune status before and after treatments.MethodsFlow cytometry is the best technology to perform immune monitoring, because it can detect immune cells using small amount of sample in a short time. The whole blood is the ideal sample for immune status monitoring, since it includes almost all the immune cells and it's relatively easy to obtain and less invasive than bone marrow or lymph node.ResultsHere we developed and validated a 10‐color panel with only four tubes containing 29 antibodies to monitor 90 immune cell subsets in 2 ml whole blood samples. The major immune cell populations detected by our panel included T cell subsets (CD3+total T, Th, Tc, Treg, CD8hi, CD8low, αβTCR, γδTCR, naïve, and memory T), T cell activation markers (CD25, CD69, and HLA‐DR) and one immune checkpoint PD1, B cell subsets (B1, switched memory, non‐switched, naïve B, and CD27‐IgD‐B cells), neutrophils, basophils, four monocytic cell subsets, dendritic cells (pDCs and mDCs), and four NK cell subsets. These panels of antibodies had been applied to monitor immune status (percentage and absolute number) in total 303 cases with various diseases, such as leukemia (AML, CML, MM, and ALL), lymphoma (B cells and NK/T cells), cancers (colon, lung, prostate, and breast), immune deficiencies, and autoimmune diseases.ConclusionWe provided proof of feasibility for clinical monitoring immune status and guiding immunotherapy by multicolor flow cytometry testing.
Social support and sleep quality in patients with stroke: The mediating roles of depression and anxiety symptoms
Authors: Zhao Yaling , Hu Bo , Liu Qingwei , Wang Ying , Zhao Yuxue , Zhu Xiuli 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundResearch has demonstrated that higher social support is associated with better psychological health, quality of life, cognition, activities of daily living and social participation, but the relationship between social support and sleep quality remains unknown.AimsThis study aimed to assess the incidence of poor sleep quality, clarify the relationship between social support and sleep quality amongst stroke patients and determine whether anxiety and depression symptoms mediate this relationship.MethodsWe conducted a quantitative, cross‐sectional study involving 238 patients with stroke (median age of 61 [range 29–87] years, 68.1% male) recruited from a comprehensive tertiary care hospital between September 2019 and January 2020. A self‐administered, structured questionnaire was used for the survey. The mediating effect of anxiety and depression symptoms was assessed using the bootstrap method via Model 4 (parallel mediation) of the SPSS PROCESS macro.ResultsResults showed that the incidence of poor sleep quality amongst stroke patients was 65%. Mediation analysis showed that social support exerted significant direct effects on sleep quality, and anxiety and depression symptoms mediated the relationship between social support and sleep quality.ConclusionMeasures should be taken to enhance social support to improve the sleep quality of stroke patients.
Inhibition of CD38 and supplementation of nicotinamide riboside ameliorate lipopolysaccharide‐induced microglial and astrocytic neuroinflammation by increasing NAD+
Authors: Roboon Jureepon , Hattori Tsuyoshi , Ishii Hiroshi , Takarada‐Iemata Mika , Nguyen Dinh Thi , Heer Collin D. , O'Meally Denis , Brenner Charles , Yamamoto Yasuhiko , Okamoto Hiroshi , Higashida Haruhiro , Hori Osamu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNeuroinflammation is initiated by activation of the brain's innate immune system in response to an inflammatory challenge. Insufficient control of neuroinflammation leads to enhanced or prolonged pathology in various neurological conditions including multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) plays critical roles in cellular energy metabolism and calcium homeostasis. Our previous study demonstrated that deletion of CD38, which consumes NAD+, suppressed cuprizone‐induced demyelination, neuroinflammation, and glial activation. However, it is still unknown whether CD38 directly affects neuroinflammation through regulating brain NAD+ level. In this study, we investigated the effect of CD38 deletion and inhibition and supplementation of NAD+ on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced neuroinflammation in mice. Intracerebroventricular injection of LPS significantly increased CD38 expression especially in the hippocampus. Deletion of CD38 decreased LPS‐induced inflammatory responses and glial activation. Pre‐administration of apigenin, a flavonoid with CD38 inhibitory activity, or nicotinamide riboside (NR), an NAD+ precursor, increased NAD+ level, and significantly suppressed induction of cytokines and chemokines, glial activation and subsequent neurodegeneration after LPS administration. In cell culture, LPS‐induced inflammatory responses were suppressed by treatment of primary astrocytes or microglia with apigenin, NAD+, NR or 78c, the latter a specific CD38 inhibitor. Finally, all these compounds suppressed NF‐κB signaling pathway in microglia. These results suggest that CD38‐mediated neuroinflammation is linked to NAD+ consumption and that boosting NAD+ by CD38 inhibition and NR supplementation directly suppress neuroinflammation in the brain.
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Outcomes of small‐cell versus large‐cell gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas: A population‐based study
Authors: Abdel‐Rahman Omar , Fazio Nicola 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe recent World Health Organization classification for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP‐NENs) classified poorly differentiated GEP‐NENs into small cell and large cell categories. The present study aimed to assess the differences in outcomes between patients with both histological categories. The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database (1975‐2016) was accessed and patients with small cell and large cell GEP‐neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) were extracted. Differences in survival outcomes were explored through Kaplan‐Meier survival estimates and multivariable Cox regression models. In total, 2204 patients with GEP‐NEC were identified in the survival cohort, including 1698 patients with small cell NEC (77%) and 506 patients with large cell NEC (23%). Using Kaplan‐Meier analysis/log‐rank testing, large cell GEP‐NEC was associated with better overall survival compared to small cell NEC (P < 0.01). Using multivariable Cox regression analysis, large cell GEP‐NEC was associated with better overall survival (large cell GEP‐NEC versus small cell GEP‐NEC, hazard ratio = 0.77; 95% confidence interval = 0.68‐0.86) and cancer‐specific survival (large cell GEP‐NEC versus small cell GEP‐NEC, hazard ratio = 0.79; 95% 95% confidence interval = 0.69‐0.91). Patients with small cell GEP‐NEC have worse survival outcomes compared to those with large cell GEP‐NEC. Further efforts are needed to identify biological differences and treatment sensitivities between both histological categories.
They Are Partners in Care: A Qualitative Exploration of Physicians’ Perceptions of Primary Care Advanced Practice Nurses
Authors: Soh Barnabas Felix Jia Ren , Ang Wei How Darryl , De Roza Jacqueline Giovanna , Quek Imm Pin , Lim Pui San , Lau Ying 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study explores physicians’ perceptions of the advanced practice nurse (APN) role in the primary care setting in Singapore.Methods and DesignA descriptive qualitative design utilizing face‐to‐face semistructured interviews was conducted on a purposive sample of 16 primary care physicians from six primary care clinics. Thematic analysis and constant comparative analysis were used.FindingsThree themes were identified: a collaborative partner in primary care, a conduit for specialist care and information, and a leader in community care. Physicians generally reported positivity about the clinical role of APNs and their potential in leading community care. However, they verbalized role ambiguity beyond clinical practice.ConclusionsPhysicians viewed primary care APNs as competent healthcare professionals. They viewed APNs as specialists in their fields, with the potential for expanding their services into the community. However, there remains gaps in physicians’ understanding of the primary care APNs’ nonclinical roles. The findings from this study indicate a need for nursing schools and nurse leaders to increase awareness of the complete APN role among physicians. APNs’ roles in educating healthcare professionals and delivering care to the community can be further developed.Clinical RelevanceAPNs are at the forefront in leading nursing care. There is a need to develop greater collaborative partnerships while delineating their respective roles in patient care.
3D skull modelling and description of a new baurusuchid (Crocodyliformes, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Late Cretaceous (Bauru Basin) of Brazil
Authors: Darlim Gustavo , Montefeltro Felipe C. , Langer Max C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBaurusuchidae is one of the most diverse groups of South American notosuchians, unambiguously recorded in Late Cretaceous deposits of Brazil and Argentina. The group is characterized by a reduced tooth formula, a lateromedially compressed rostrum, and a verticalized quadrate, representing one of the top predators of their faunas. Historically, skull morphology is the most employed tool to investigate the relationships of baurusuchids, as most of the species have been primarily based on cranial remains. The present study describes a new baurusuchid species from the Bauru Basin of Brazil, based on the first tridimensional digital reconstruction of individualized skull bones for Notosuchia, and discusses its phylogenetic position within the group. The new species differs from all the other known baurusuchids by a depression on the posterior portion of the nasal bearing a crest, an infraorbital crest of the jugal that extends until the anterior margin of the lacrimal, the dorsal surface of the frontal lacking a longitudinal crest or depression, and the lateral convexity of the squamosal prongs participating in the occipital wall. The new taxon is consistently positioned as sister to the remaining baurusuchines, with Aplestosuchus sordidus and Stratiotosuchus maxhechti, as successive sister‐taxa to a monophyletic Baurusuchus (Ba. albertoi, Ba. Salgadoensis, and Ba. pachecoi). Our updated phylogenetic analysis helps to differentiate the two major Baurusuchidae lineages, Baurusuchinae and Pissarrachampsinae. Yet, the new species shares morphological features with both groups, suggesting the occurrence of “Zones of Variability” in the radiation of Baurusuchidae.
A case of synchronous high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and metastatic squamous cell carcinomas of unknown primary in rectum
Authors: Orisaka Syunsuke , Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Obata Takeshi , Iwadare Junpei , Mizumoto Yasunari , Fujiwara Hiroshi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe report a case of synchronous high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and metastatic squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of unknown primary in the rectum. A 74‐year‐old woman was diagnosed with CIN3 by biopsy of the uterine cervix. Magnetic resonance imaging showed two masses in the outer rectal wall. They were diagnosed as SCCs by transrectal biopsy from one mass. On surgical treatment, CIN3 and SCCs in the rectum were identified, respectively. Pathological analysis revealed that SCCs were observed in serosa of the rectum, not mucosa, indicating that these tumors were metastatic SCCs. Gene analysis showed HPV31‐positive and TP53 mutation in CIN3, and HPV16‐positive in rectal SCCs. Pretreatment examination did not detect the primary site of metastatic SCCs in the rectum. We diagnosed the patient with synchronous CIN3 and metastatic SCCs of unknown primary in the rectum. In this case, gene analysis was useful to clarify the relationship between CIN3 and SCCs.
Moving beyond assumptions: Polyploidy and environmental effects explain a geographical parthenogenesis scenario in European plants
Authors: Karbstein Kevin , Tomasello Salvatore , Hodač Ladislav , Lorberg Ellen , Daubert Mareike , Hörandl Elvira 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGeographical parthenogenesis (GP) describes the phenomenon that apomicts tend to have larger distribution areas and/or occur at higher altitudes or latitudes compared to sexual relatives. However, the complex effects of genome‐wide heterozygosity, ploidy, reproduction mode (sexual vs. apomictic), and environment shaping GP of plants are still not well understood. We ascertained ploidy and reproduction mode by flow cytometry of 221 populations, and added genomic RADseq data (maximum 33,165 loci) of 80 taxa of the Ranunculus auricomus polyploid plant complex in temperate Europe. We observed 7% mainly diploid sexual, 28% facultative apomictic (mean sexuality 7.1%), and 65% obligate apomictic populations. Sexuals occupied a more southern, smaller distribution area, whereas apomicts expanded their range to higher latitudes. Within the complex, we detected three main genetic clusters and highly reticulate relationships. A genetically‐informed path analysis using GLMMs revealed several significant relationships. Sexuality of populations (percent of sexual seeds) was higher in diploids compared to polyploids, associated with more petals, and similar between forests and open habitats. In contrast to other apomictic plant complexes, sexuality was mainly positively correlated to solar radiation and isothermality, which fits the southern distribution. We found up to three times higher heterozygosity in polyploids compared to diploids, and generally more heterozygous individuals in forests compared with open habitats. Interestingly, we revealed a previously unknown positive association between heterozygosity and temperature seasonality, suggesting a higher resistance of polyploids to more extreme climatic conditions. We provide empirical evidence for intrinsic and extrinsic factors shaping the GP pattern in a polyploid plant complex.
Comparison of the effects of corticosteroid and hyaluronic acid‐carboxymethylcellulose solution on selective nerve root block for lumbar radiculopathy: A prospective, double‐blind, randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Ko Sangbong , Jun ChungMu , Lee Jae Jun , Nam Junho 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundSelective nerve root block (SNRB) was shown to effectively control radiating pain and reduce the need for surgical intervention. However, repetitive injections may trigger corticosteroid‐induced side effects (hypercorticism, hyperglycemia, or fluid retention). This study aims to compare the potency of hyaluronic acid‐carboxymethylcellulose (HA‐CMC) solution versus that of corticosteroids regarding lower leg radiating pain (LLRP) improvement and functional outcome.MethodsAmong 128 patients, 44 patients who complain about having LLRP due to lumbar spinal stenosis and do not have neurological symptoms requiring surgery were enrolled for this study. Group A with 22 patients injected with cocktail A (local anesthetics and corticosteroid) and group B with 22 patients injected with cocktail B (local anesthetics and HA‐CMC). Outcome measures were the visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and short form‐36 (SF‐36). All patients were asked to fill in the questionnaires during the follow‐up assessment period at 3 days, 7 days, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks.ResultsIn all time periods, there were no statistical differences between the two groups for VAS scores and VAS improvement over time, ODI scores and ODI improvement over time, and SF‐36 PCS scores and SF‐36 mental component score scores. Additionally, the 95% confidence interval of the difference in VAS score improvement between the 2 groups in all time periods was within VAS 5.0, which is the minimum clinically relevant difference.ConclusionsConsidering the adverse effects of corticosteroids, and the similar LLRP improvements, functional outcome, and quality of life, the HA‐CMC solution may be an alternative option to corticosteroid in SNRB.
From rule‐takerto rule‐promotingregulatory state: South Korea in the nearly‐globalcompetition regime
Authors: Cho Moohyung , Büthe Tim 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhen rapid economic growth catapults a country within a few years from the margins of the global economy to middle power status, does global regulatory governance need to brace for a challenge to the status quo? To answer this question, we extend the power transition theory of global economic governance to middle powers: A rising middle power should be expected to challenge the international regulatory status quo only if increasing issue‐specific strength of its regulatory state coincides with preferences that diverge from the preferences of the established powers, which are enshrined in the status quo. We examine this argument empirically, focusing on South Korea in the realm of competition law and policy. We find that South Korea, a non‐participant in the international competition regime until the 1980s, developed in the 1990s substantial regulatory capacity and capability and thus “spoiler potential.” At the same time, however, its policy preferences converged upon the norms and practices established by the United States and the European Union, albeit with some distinct elements. Under these conditions, we expect a transition from rule‐taker to rule‐promoter. We find that South Korea has indeed in recent years begun to actively promote well‐established competition law and policy norms and practices – supplemented by its distinct elements – through technical assistance programs, as well as various bilateral channels and multilateral institutions. The findings suggest that the power transition theory of global economic governance is usefully applicable to middle powers, too.
Preoperative use of pirfenidone and reduced risk of postoperative severe respiratory complications in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Propensity score‐matched analysis using a nationwide database in Japan
Authors: Urushiyama Hirokazu , Jo Taisuke , Hasegawa Wakae , Ando Takahiro , Sakamoto Yukiyo , Uda Kazuaki , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yasunaga Hideo , Nagase Takahide 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivePatients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) often develop postoperative severe respiratory complications such as acute exacerbation. Pirfenidone, an oral anti‐fibrotic drug, may reduce the incidence of such complications. However, the preventive effect of pirfenidone on postoperative severe respiratory complications remains unclear.MethodsWe identified patients with IPF who underwent surgery with general anaesthesia from July 2010 to March 2018 using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database. We compared the occurrence of postoperative severe respiratory complications (receiving mechanical ventilation under endotracheal intubation and/or intravenous infusion of a high‐dose corticosteroid and in‐hospital death within 30 days after surgery) between patients who did and did not receive preoperative treatment with pirfenidone. Pearson's chi‐square test and logistic regression analysis fitted with a generalized estimating equation were conducted in 1:4 propensity score‐matched patients.ResultsAmong 631 patients identified, 19% were treated with pirfenidone before surgery. The 30‐day mortality rate was 3.1% and 1.7% in the control patients (n = 510) and pirfenidone‐treated patients (n = 121), respectively. In the propensity score‐matched population, preoperative treatment with pirfenidone was significantly associated with a lower proportion of postoperative severe respiratory complications (OR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.07–0.76; p = 0.015).ConclusionIn this Japanese nationwide cohort, preoperative treatment with pirfenidone was significantly associated with a lower risk of postoperative severe respiratory complications in patients with IPF. Preoperative pirfenidone may thus be useful in preventing postoperative severe respiratory complications in patients with IPF who are planning to undergo surgery with general anaesthesia.
Spending from Regulated Retirement Drawdowns: The Role of Implied Endorsement*
Authors: Alonso‐García Jennifer , Bateman Hazel , Bonekamp Johan , Stevens Ralph 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe fielded an online survey in the Netherlands and Australia to explore the influence of an implied endorsement nudge, conveyed by a government‐regulated drawdown from pension wealth, on spending patterns in retirement. The implied endorsement nudge was effective. It influenced the preferred retirement spending patterns of around 30 percent of survey participants, particularly those with fewer financial resources and low pension capability. Australian participants were more likely to follow the nudge where it was framed as implicit government advice, while the Dutch were more likely to respond to a suggestion that the nudge was a recommendation from peers. Our results provide support for a regulated drawdown rule as part of a strategy to guide spending patterns in retirement.
Profiling children longitudinally: A three‐year follow‐up study of perceived and actual motor competence and physical fitness
Authors: Estevan Isaac , Menescardi Cristina , García‐Massó Xavier , Barnett Lisa M. , Molina‐García Javier 
Published: April 2021

Longitudinal designs enhance our understanding of children's development and its influence on movement behaviors and health. This three‐year follow‐up study aimed to develop profiles according to perceived and actual motor competence (MC) (locomotion, object control, and overall) and physical fitness in boys and girls longitudinally including children's temporal migrations among clusters in terms of profiling trends. A secondary aim was to compare physical activity participation and weight status at each time point according to these profiles. One hundred and four typically developing Spanish children (45.8% girls) between 4 and 9 years old at baseline participated in this study. Data were collected at three time points one year apart, between January 2016 and May 2018. A self‐organizing map and K‐means cluster analysis were used to classify and visualize the values and temporal trajectories longitudinally. The study of the profiles in three consecutive years revealed five profiles, three for boys [ie, profile 1 (aligned—high), profile 2 (aligned‐partially—low perception‐medium actual MC and fitness), and profile 3 (non‐aligned—medium perception‐low actual MC and fitness)]; and two for girls [ie, profile 4 (aligned—high) and profile 5 (aligned—low)]. For highly perceived and capable children, boys (profile 1) and girls (profile 4), there was a tendency for higher physical activity participation and lower body mass index and waist circumference over time compared to their counterparts who had medium and/or low levels in perception and actual MC and fitness (P < .05). As children age, those with low values in perceived and actual MC and fitness in object control skills will present a higher probability of maintaining unhealthy lifestyles. So, prior intervention, children's profiles identification should be analyzed according to the type of MC.