bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Research Survey on Microgrid Faults and Protection Approaches
Authors: Sarathkumar D , Srinivasan M , Stonier Albert Alexander , Samikannu Ravi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The conventional electrical system, production of power is happened in several places also power transmitted into the grid and finally distribution takes place to the individual customers. In conventional powergrid suffers high capital cost, finite reliability, rising greenhouse gases emissions and growing power losses in the transmission line. The power company is choose an interconnecting diverse nonconventional form small generations close to user places, based on their demand also giving smart lever to the power grid. An extensive result, power generation from microgrid is recommended per scientists it could supplies secure, standard and effective supply of source to individuals. Microgrid integration is already available power delivery network forms more intricate to the radial power distribution network. It further lead to magnitude of fault current is vary aggressively based on operation methods (isolated or grid integrated), source, status, also total distributed production of power. In existing protecting control strategies are modelled in radial energy circulation and centralized production of power, it creates available protecting approach is fall in the microgrid. So, effort is carried out to re-examine the fundamental conceptions also importance, problems experienced by microgrid as theme of diverse protection approaches.
Design of Intelligent Controller for Hybrid PV/Wind Energy Based Smart Grid for Energy Management Applications
Authors: Sarathkumar D , Srinivasan M , Stonier Albert Alexander , Samikannu Ravi , Vijay Anand D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article deals in the modelling of intelligent controller for the Hybrid photovoltaic (PV)/Wind based smart grid system. With the development of solid state electronics also power systems intelligent techniques like neural networks, fuzzy logic, expert systems take part an essential contribution in design of controller for the smart grid. The above techniques give potential tools for design and development of fault detection controller in the advanced smart grid (SG). The intelligent techniques attained in rapid evolution during previous decades and their utilization now increased rapidly in current industrial environment. Renewable energy integration, participation of customers, performance optimization is important key features of digital grid power systems. In this article presents in new method of digital grid for hybrid photovoltaic/Wind based smart grid system were developed. It consists of solar PV array systems, wind power systems, asynchronous generator, converters, MPPT systems, fuzzy logic controllers (FLC). The model was performed through MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The dynamic performance in presented model was tested in various operating conditions. Sunlight Irradiation, heat and rate of wind statistics was collected in a power grid combined solar PV model placed in main system. In this proposed simulation model also in supervision scheme give an appropriate tool for optimization of smart grid performance.
Smart hybrid power supply system for home appliances
Authors: Vini Antony Grace N , Ganesan Karthika , Aquiline Lydia L , Shalini S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
India, power generation for daily usage is being tedious. Increase in population, creating a high demand for alternative source for power generation. Though India is abundant with solar energy, implementation of solar energy is being very tedious due to it higher initial installation cost. This can be overcome, using a hybrid technology, where alternative power sources and the main power source is being switched based on the requirement or usage of the household. The proposed work uses a micro controller based system to do the switching by calculating the power utilized by the house hold using a current sensor. Most commonly used switched sources are solar energy and the main supply from electricity board.
RETRACTED: Driving technology in the path of renewable energy-a review
Authors: Dhanasekar R , Vijayaraja L , Anandan R , Gurusharan G M , Keerthana M , Mahalakshmi E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Renewable energy is abundant in nature; it is future of clean energy. The innovation brings down the cost. No damage is caused to the environment by the use of renewable energy, its inexhaustible at any time and is replenished constantly. For example, sunlight and wind is always present. But their availability is depending on the factor’s like time and weather. There are many sources for renewable energy that are accessible in many areas. They cause less pollution compared to conventional energy sources. With current technology, the availability of energy is not at all a problem, but the usage of energy is. The innovation of new technologies gives us hope to a rightful direction of clean energy and clean world without hazard to heavenly beings in the world. These will be the most economical way of future. For a bright future we must drive in the path of renewable energy. The conventional energy sources like natural gas, oil, coal or nuclear are finite and at some point they will get exhausted and more over, the usage of the conventional sources causes pollution and global warming. This paper generally deals about the recent innovations in the field of renewable energy.
A Technical Review on Self-Healing Control Strategy for Smart Grid Power Systems
Authors: Sarathkumar D , Srinivasan M , Stonier Albert Alexander , Samikannu Ravi , Dasari Narasimha Rao , Raj Raymon Antony 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The various advanced technologies incorporated in the existing power system to operate in smarter and to provide continuity of power supply without any disturbances. Still, it was few threats that disrupting the electrical network to manage the power demand such as: complexity of the power grid; vulnerability to faults; energy efficiency; and renewable energy integration. The above challenges indicate the perception of smart grid (SG). The smart grid design is economic, competent, intelligent and secured grid was needed to manage the above-mentioned issues. Self-healing is the most essential characteristics of a smart grid. The implementation of self-healing control strategy in the smart grid is one of the prolong challenge. It is the capability of the power system network to restore naturally the network when the fault occurs. It gives primary assurance to the smart grid protection. Apart from this, the implementation of various control strategies assist accomplishing the safe functioning, enhancing the stability of the grid. This paper presents the self-healing control strategy in the context of smart grid power systems. The significant advancements developed in the transmission, distribution, micro grid as a result of power electronics converters presented. Then, the information and communication technologies, software tools and measurements which can be employed for winning crucial smart grid self-healing action will be discussed.
IoT Based Smart Energy Metering System for Monitoring the Domestic Load Using PLC and SCADA
Authors: Amudhevalli R , Sivakumar T 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The effort to obtain electricity utility meter readings and identify illegal use of electricity seems to be a very difficult and time consuming job in many other developing countries that needs a lot of effort and time. The Internet of Things energy meter reading and tracking device offers an accessible and cost effective way to transmit the energy data used by the user wirelessly and information networks to detect the unauthorized use of electricity. This proposed work aims to measure the electricity consumption of the electrical appliances in the house hold and it automatically generates the bill using smart meters. In addition this system can easily detect and screening the energy theft. The entire smart meters sensors have been equipped and controlled with PLC and monitored by the SCADA. The observed data will be taken from the digital energy meter and unite the system to a Wireless communication device and then passes the data to the Internet and Server. The detection of power theft will be obtained by using a sensor, it will work when any illegal usage of electricity. There is any chances of theft detection from the customer utility grid, it will automatically disconnected and enables supply again for the customer. The proposed system can handle of constantly tracking and notifying the energy supplier and the customer about the amount of units consumed. Energy usage is directly calculated and the bill is posted on the Internet through the Internet of Things network. The requirements of manual labor can be reduced by this automation.
Anticipation of Battery Condition Using Internet of Things
Authors: Subramaniya Siva A. , Parthasarathy P. , Gijipriya K. , Vinothini N. , Stonier Albert Alexander 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Nowadays batteries are becoming so popular because of its feature of storing electric energy enables portability of electric energy even in places where electric transmission lines cannot be laid effortlessly. They are playing a significant role in reaching the objective of universal access to environment friendly, reliable & affordable electricity services. But they are unable to serve their capacity because of their lack of proper monitoring & maintenance. In order to make the battery smarter & safer a system of remote monitoring of battery for determining the battery condition by measuring various parametric quantities of battery & to publicize the condition of battery, thereby maintaining the battery to serve its full capacity as well as to prevent the system from unexpected shutdown.
Acoustic properties of different blending ratios of empty fruit bunch and oil palm frond
Authors: Ewe L S , Nazhan Nasir Mohammad , Yew W K , Mageswaran R , Ibrahim Zawawi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The society understands the importance of using sound-absorbing panels to protect our health against the noise pollution. However, the repercussions of fibreglass as sound-absorbing panels on human health and the environment have increased year by year. Natural fibers are more environmentally friendly and have significantly lower production cost. This research emphasizes the acoustic properties of different blending ratios of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) and Oil Palm Frond (OPF at four different thickness. Their acoustic properties were tested by using the Impedance Tube Method (ITM) from frequency range of 0 - 6400 Hz. The findings show the Sound Absorption Coefficient (SAC) value increases as the frequency increases for all samples. Both blending ratios have good SAC results. For blending ratio of 30% EFB – 70% OPF, the SAC of the panels achieved 80% and above at frequency between 3500 - 6400 Hz for samples with thickness of 14 mm, 16 mm and 18 mm. However, for blending ratio of 20% EFB – 80% OPF, the SAC of all samples are found 0.8 and above at frequency between 3500 - 6400 Hz. Notably, the SAC values for both blending ratio are increased with increasing in thickness. It might be attributed to the effect of tortuosity. The SAC values for all samples are also found to achieve unity ( ∼ 0.96 ) at different frequency range. Furthermore, the frequency range for SAC to reach 0.8 and above has been increased from 4500 – 6400 Hz to 3500 – 6400 Hz with an increased in OPF contents.
The effect of graphene addition on the Young’s modulus and tensile strength of kenaf fibre composites
Authors: Afiqah Mohd Radzuan Nabilah , Gunasegran Mihirssen , Naima Khalid Nisa 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Natural fibres such as kenaf fibres may be used to reinforce polymer matrices such as polypropylene (PP). Such composite materials are in demand for the production of interior components for automotive vehicles due to their low density (1.2 g/cm³) and good mechanical properties (Young’s modulus of 11 GPa and tensile strength of 780 MPa). The main objective of this study is to determine the effect of the addition of graphene fillers to the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of kenaf fibre composites. For this kenaf/graphene/polypropylene (PP) composites are to be studied via computer simulations using Abaqus CAE software and to compare the experimental data of Young’s modulus and tensile strength of the composite from previous researchers with the results of the simulations. For the Abaqus CAE simulations, general static and dynamic explicit analyses were conducted and set at 20 wt. % kenaf fibres, 0, 1, 3, to 5 wt. % graphene. The highest value of Young’s modulus was 1 600 MPa achieved with the material with composition of PP/kenaf/graphene 5 wt. % while the highest value of tensile strength was achieved by the composition of PP/kenaf/graphene 1 wt. % at 23.07 MPa. On the other hand, the values of tensile strength increase with the addition of graphene (1 wt. %) at first due to the improvement of interface adhesion between the polymer matrix and non-organic particles. Further addition of graphene content (3 – 5 wt. %) results in a decrease of tensile strength due to the presence of agglomeration and defects such as voids and fibre pull-outs which weakens the adhesion between the fibres and matrix. The addition of graphene to PP/kenaf composites was proved to improve the Young’s modulus and tensile strength of the materials. This improves the suitability of the materials in the production of interior components for automotive vehicles.
Additive manufacturing in medical applications: A brief review
Authors: Sun Bo , Ma Quanjin , Wang Xinfu , Liu Jinyan , Rejab M R M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the medical field, due to the obvious individual differences between patients, the complexity of human tissues and the fact that patients are too price-sensitive, it is desperate to search for a new biological material adjuvant therapy, which far more closely matches the pathological characteristics of patients. It is noted that additive manufacturing has the ability to overcome those limitations by virtue of its exclusive characteristics of personalized customization, small-scale production and high precision. This paper aims to summarize the characteristics and applications of 3D printing technology used at four levels in the medical field, including adjuvant therapy and anatomical model, implants and scaffolds, biological 3D printing, and pharmaceuticals, as well as, to present the recent innovation and discuss existing issues with 3D printing that related to medical applications. It is highlighted that 3D printing technology will be further built on medical application.
Investigation on linear and nonlinear dynamic equation for vehicle model in numerical simulation
Authors: Maoqi Li , Ishak M I , Heerwan P M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
With the increase in vehicles in the world today, more accidents have occurred. Therefore, more safety systems are needed for conventional vehicles. However, physical testing is dangerous and costly compared with numerical simulation. So, a good numerical simulation is especially important. In general, the vehicle dynamics equations were used in the numerical simulation. There are two types of vehicle dynamics equations that are linear and nonlinear. This paper researched which one is more practical between linear and nonlinear equations in the simulations versus real-time experiments. In this paper, the equation of motion was used to simulate the state of vehicle motion during cornering conditions in the MatLab Simulink software. The results show that the value of the linear and non-linear yaw is close to the yaw from experimental at lower speed conditions. With the speed increase, the linear yaw value will decrease and farther and farther away from experimental yaw results. Although the linear equation is relatively simple to calculate, the results of the nonlinear equations are closer to the results of real experiments. In summary, the nonlinear equation is more applicable, while the linear equation is not applicable to simulate the motion of the vehicle.
Design and simulation of solar roof-top projects for an energy self-reliant university campus
Authors: Ajithgopi  , Sudhakar K , Wai Keng Ngui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A University campus becoming self-reliant in terms of electricity generation is always important. The power requirement of a University campus is mainly for its academic blocks for different departments. The laboratories, libraries, and hostel facilities also require continuous power needs. Conventionally, the electricity needs are met utilizing the power received from the local utility and the University will be paying for it based on the tariff fixed by the local regulators and agreed by the utility. It is proposed to install Solar Roof-top PV power plants in shade-free rooftops of the buildings inside a University campus to offset the University’s electricity needs and to make the University self-reliant in terms of electricity generation and consumption. This integrated and comprehensive solar project is intended to reduce the carbon footprint of the University and aiming for a carbon-neutral campus. Detailed feasibility studies have been conducted for installing solar roof-top power plants in the selected building roof-tops of the University. Based on the feasibility study, design and simulation have been carried out for a total 1.6MWp capacity of solar roof-top projects to completely offset the total electricity needs of the University based on the current electricity consumption patterns. The design and simulation are accomplished utilizing PVsyst software and the economic and environmental analysis has been carried out utilizing RETscreen software for arriving at the results.
Cotton waste research follows the effect of pre-treatment and the observation of physical appearance
Authors: Mahamude A S F , Harun W S W , Kadirgama K , Ramasamy D , Farhana K 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper aims to evaluate the waste cotton quality and its commercialization. The recycled cotton demand seems to be increased day by day: although the lower quality of the resulting items is the biggest barrier to cotton recycling. A thorough analysis of recycled cotton processes is therefore necessary from separation/shredding to completion. To that end, textile wastes made of pre-consumer cotton were systematically collected from the spinning mill. After pretreatment of cotton waste cellulose by caustic soda, alkali, and detergent in 100°C temperature for 30 minutes have produced white clean cotton. Following the next process by sodium hydroxide and isopropyl alcohol must produce Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC). CMC has big use in Textile printing, finishing, and warp sizing even in Ice-cream and food baking industry. Recent success stories will be addressed with the steady cotton processing to altering the properties of cell wall cotton and cotton fiber. The prospects of conducting experiments of waste cotton and checking the properties of treated cotton have a great value in the production of commercial products and the results relived that the value addition of waste cotton is a very easy method.
Formation of colours on SS304L stainless steel induced by laser colouring
Authors: Linggamm R , Quazi M M , Ishak M , Aiman M H , Zafiuddin A Q , Qaban Abdullah 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this research, the laser colour marking process was carried out to determine the formation of colour on surface of SS304L stainless steel. The pulse laser nanosecond (1064nm) was used to irradiate the SS304, resulting in the formation of various colour permeating on the sample surface. The surface characterization and surface roughness were analysed by using the 3D optical microscope. The effect of laser processing parameters such as hatching distance, pulse width, and defocusing distance on the evolution of surface colours were investigated. The results show that a thin oxide film was essentially formed that resulted in the formation of four different colours. Each colour exhibited a different surface texture and surface roughness implying the effect of parameters significantly affects the surface characteristics. Grey colour formed registered the highest roughness (Rz) of about 3.5 microns followed by a decreasing roughness trend for blue, purple and green respectively.
Enhancement of tribological behaviour and thermophysical properties of engine oil lubricant by Graphene/Co-Cr nanoparticle additives for preparation of stable nanolubricant
Authors: Sandhya M , Ramasamy D , Kadirgama K , Harun W S W , Samykano M , Ameer A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the current study the tribological properties of Aluminum alloy (Al 25) with moment in time was examined by adding nanoparticles as additives. Nanoparticles exhibit high thermal conductivity, stable viscosity and can be dispersed well in oil. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of Al2O3, TiO2, Graphene (G), Co-Cr, Ni nanoparticles on lubricity using linear wear testers under reciprocating sliding motion. SEM and EDX characterization techniques are used to study the composition and morphology on worn surfaces. The findings showed that the tribological properties of the substrate lubricant were significantly increased with the addition of nanoparticles. Friction and Wear are reduced with Graphene, Al2O3, TiO2, Ni & Co-Cr nanoparticles as additives for the same load value and can be used as multifunctional additives. Co-Cr at 0.03wt% has provided best performance among the other nanoparticles and can be used as Nano lubricant in the future.
Preparation of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based Chromium 2,6-Naphtalenedicarboxylic Acid (MIL-101 NDC) for CO2 adsorption application
Authors: Yulia Fayza , Utami V J , Nanda Raden , Nasruddin  , Arif Budiyanto Muhammad , Zulys A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks are believed to be one of the solutions in reducing CO2 emissions. Ligand modification, which is one of the methods in optimizing the MOF structure, provides a good opportunity for the development of functional materials with better properties. Ligand functionality in gas separation is important because it provides an insight of the influence of the material topology. MIL-101 (Cr), which is a type of MOF, is composed of metal chromium and terephthalic acid as the linker. This MOF has been extensively researched for CO2 capture applications. In this work, the functionalization of MIL-101 with 1,4-Benzenedicarboxylic acid (BDC) as the ligand was carried out by changing into 2,6-Napthalenedicarboxylic acid (NDC) ligand. The design and architecture of NDC, which has a double hydrocarbon ring, is expected to increase the pore and surface area of the MOF so that it can increase gas adsorption. The synthesis of the modified MOF was performed using solvothermal method and tested for the porous properties, morphology, structure, chemical functionalities and thermal stability by N2 adsorption / desorption data, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results show that MIL-101 NDC has better thermal stability, as it can maintain its structure up to the temperature of 350°C. The pore diameter measurement results also show a good diameter up to 4nm. The discovery structure of MIL-101 NDC which has excellent stability provides a good prospective adsorbent in CO2 capture applications.