bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Driving mechanisms of organic carbon burial in the Early Cretaceous South Atlantic Cape Basin (DSDP Site 361)
Authors: Dummann Wolf , Steinig Sebastian , Hofmann Peter , Lenz Matthias , Kusch Stephanie , Flögel Sascha , Herrle Jens Olaf , Hallmann Christian , Rethemeyer Janet , Kasper Haino Uwe , Wagner Thomas 
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Extensive black shale deposits formed in the Early
Cretaceous South Atlantic, supporting the notion that this emerging ocean
basin was a globally important site of organic carbon burial. The magnitude
of organic carbon burial in marine basins is known to be controlled by
various tectonic, oceanographic, hydrological, and climatic processes acting
on different temporal and spatial scales, the nature and relative importance
of which are poorly understood for the young South Atlantic. Here we present
new bulk and molecular geochemical data from an Aptian–Albian sediment
record recovered from the deep Cape Basin at Deep Sea Drilling Project
(DSDP) Site 361, which we combine with general circulation model results to
identify driving mechanisms of organic carbon burial. A multimillion-year
decrease (i.e., Early Aptian–Albian) in organic carbon burial, reflected in
a lithological succession of black shale, gray shale, and red beds, was
caused by increasing bottom water oxygenation due to abating hydrographic
restriction via South Atlantic–Southern Ocean gateways. These results
emphasize basin evolution and ocean gateway development as a decisive
primary control on enhanced organic carbon preservation in the Cape Basin at
geological timescales (> 1 Myr). The Early Aptian black shale
sequence comprises alternations of shales with high (> 6 %) and
relatively low (∼ 3.5 %) organic carbon content of marine
sources, the former being deposited during the global Oceanic Anoxic Event
(OAE) 1a, as well as during repetitive intervals before and after OAE 1a. In
all cases, these short-term intervals of enhanced organic carbon burial
coincided with strong influxes of sediments derived from the proximal
African continent, indicating closely coupled climate–land–ocean
interactions. Supported by our model results, we show that fluctuations in
weathering-derived nutrient input from the southern African continent,
linked to changes in orbitally driven humidity and aridity, were the underlying
drivers of repetitive episodes of enhanced organic carbon burial in the deep
Cape Basin. These results suggest that deep marine environments of emerging
ocean basins responded sensitively and directly to short-term fluctuations
in riverine nutrient fluxes. We explain this relationship using the lack of
wide and mature continental shelf seas that could have acted as a barrier or
filter for nutrient transfer from the continent into the deep ocean.
Estimation of Magnitude of Heterosis and Heritability in Sunflower in 8X8 Half Diallel Population
Authors: Rashid M. H. , Islam A. K. M. Aminul , Rasul M. G. , Saikat M. M. H. , Ahmed J. U. 
Published: February 2021

Selected eight inbreed line were used in crossing as half diallel fashion to find out different genetic parameter as well as targeting superior combination for hybrid vigour. Sunflower first introduce in Bangladesh 1980 by Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute and Mennonite Central Committee. BARI Sunflower-1(Kironi) and BARI Sunflower-2 is only two released variety. But major obstacles for sunflower cultivation are both varieties are more than 1.50m height and require > 100 days for maturity. As this country is facing climate change unfavorable weather, sunflower cannot withstand in stormy weather. Specially at the time of prematurity stormy weather causes lodging due to over height, it is essential to develop dwarf stature plant. Due to strong crop competition in winter it cannot fit in major cropping pattern T-Aman-Mustard-Boro due to it long duration. Bangladesh has accessible land of 0.85 million hectares in saline areas (Banik et al., 2011). These lands can be used for sunflower cultivation as it is moderately saline tolerant (Rahman et. al. 2018). On the other hand in different part of Bangladesh (e.g. Cumilla, Manikgonj, Sherpur, Jamalpur, Netrokina, Tangail, Dinajpur, etc.), a huge amount of lands are kept fellow after T. Aman harvest. These current fellow lands can be easily used by sunflower cultivation if short duration varieties are available. Both plant height and days to maturity were considered as favorable for negative heterosis to obtain dwarf plant stature and short duration plant to fit in existing cropping pattern in Bangladesh. Positive heterosis is considered desirable for other yield contributing traits. The hybrid HE15, HE17 and HE16 showed significant negative heterosis both for mid parent and better parent. Negative heterosis for plant height is desirable to adopt hybrid in unfavorable weather condition. The Hybrid HE15 showed both for significant negative mid parent and better parent heterosis. High heritability along with significant mid parent and better parent heterosis indicate scope of utilization of hybrid as commercial and further use in breeding programmes. Several outstanding cross combinations, HE17, HE16, HE14, HE15, and HE18 showed significant and desirable heterosis for seed yield per plant over mid parent and better parent. The hybrid combinations HE17, HE16 and HE14 could be utilized to exploit the heterosis as well as commercial multiplication of seed to get direct benefit by the farmers.
Influência da pressão e da vazão de concentrado no desempenho de ultrafiltração em pós-tratamento de esgoto
Authors: Barros Filho Marcos André Capitulino de , Andrade Neto Cícero Onofre de , Araújo André Luis Calado , Santos Hélio Rodrigues dos , Silva Layane Priscila de Azevedo , Ferreira Larissa Caroline Saraiva 
Published: February 2021

Apesar das inúmeras vantagens advindas do uso da tecnologia de membranas filtrantes, algumas limitações inerentes ao processo de incrustação tornam-se relevantes para sua aplicabilidade. O controle das condições operacionais consiste em importante ferramenta para mitigar o fouling e alcançar bons níveis de eficiência. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o efeito da pressão transmembrana e da vazão de concentrado no desempenho da ultrafiltração, aplicada ao pós-tratamento de esgoto sanitário. O processo foi avaliado e otimizado variando-se a pressão (0,5 e 1,5 bar) e a vazão de concentrado (300 e 600 L/h), por meio de um planejamento fatorial 22, a fim de investigar os efeitos no fluxo permeado e na qualidade dos efluentes gerados, em cada condição operacional. Avaliaram-se os seguintes indicadores de qualidade para os permeados: pH, Condutividade Elétrica, Sólidos Suspensos Totais, Turbidez, Cálcio e Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO). Em todos os ensaios, observou-se diminuição acentuada do fluxo permeado nos instantes iniciais, seguida de uma queda lenta que se prolongou até atingir um patamar relativamente constante por volta dos 120 minutos de filtração. O aumento da pressão resultou em maior fluxo permeado inicial, porém com maior queda do fluxo com o tempo, evidenciando um processo de incrustação mais pronunciado. Por outro lado, o aumento da vazão de concentrado resultou em queda mais lenta de fluxo permeado com o tempo de filtração. Com relação a qualidade dos permeados, a pressão transmembrana de 0,5 bar foi a que permitiu melhores resultados, sendo confirmado estatisticamente, por meio do teste da ANOVA two-way com medidas repetidas, efeito significativo da pressão sobre a turbidez do permeado. A vazão de concentrado, por sua vez, não apresentou influência significativa sobre nenhum dos parâmetros de qualidade. Dessa forma, concluiu-se que, do ponto de vista econômico e ambiental, é mais interessante operar sistemas de membranas de ultrafiltração a uma menor vazão de concentrado associado a uma pressão transmembrana baixa, uma vez que sob estas condições haverá menor produção de rejeito e o permeado apresentará menores concentrações dos constituintes analisados, notadamente turbidez mais baixa.
Microscopic Features, Mineral Contents, Anti-sickling, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Stem Bark of Harungana madagascariensis Lam. Ex Poiret (Hypericaceae)
Authors: Mukeba Florent Biduaya , Mukoko Johnny Bopopi , Mayangi Manix M. , Ngondo Myriam Mukadi , Ngelinkoto Patience Mpia , Bamba Jérome V. , Kitwa Fanfan , Bongo Gédéon Ngiala , Mutwale Paulin K. , Ngbolua Koto-te-Nyiwa , Ngombe Nadège K. , Mpiana Pius T. , Mbemba Théophile F. Mbemba 
Published: February 2021

Aims: This study addressed the identification of bioactive compounds, the determination of mineral content and the evaluation of the antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-sickling activities of aqueous extract from stem bark of Harungana madagascariensis.
Place and Duration of Study: Centre d’Etudes des Substances Naturelles d’Origine Végétale (CESNOV), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa and Faculty of Sciences, National Pedagogic University in DRC, between October 2018 and January 2021.
Methodology: Phytochemical screening was evaluated by chromatographic methods (TLC and HPLC), the mineral composition by ICP-AES and the antioxidant activities using ABTS and DPPH assays, the antibacterial activity against four bacteria strains using the micro-dilution method; and the in vitro anti-sickling activity by the Emmel test.
Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed the abundance in this plant of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, anthraquinones and triterpenoids. The extract contains sodium, iron, selenium and zinc in proportions of 955.40 ppm, 369.65 ppm, 375.70 ppm and 44.79 ppm respectively as well as copper, chromium and other elements. The antioxidant potential of the stem bark infusion extract from H. madagascariensis, evaluated by the ABTS and DPPH tests, showed very high antioxidant activity due to this free radical scavenging capacity linked to IC50 values of 3.08 ± 0.19 µg/mL (ABTS) and 3.53 ± 0.22 µg/mL (DPPH). The antibacterial sensitivity testing with MIC determination performed on a strain isolated from a sickle cell patient and four reference strains showed the MIC values of the extract ranged from 31.25 µg/mL to 250 µg/mL. The lowest MIC value was observed on S. aureus ATCC 25923 while the highest MIC value was obtained on Enterococcus spp Clinical.
Conclusion: The stem bark extract of H. madagascariensis showed high anti-sickling activity at 10.42 µg/mL, which may be due to its phytochemical constituents such as saponins, alkaloids and flavonoids Obtained results could justify the efficacy of recipes from stem bark of Harungana madagascariensis in the management of various infections in traditional medicine and anti-sickle cell disease.
Escherichia coli in Fruit Juice Dispensers
Authors: Chesca Ana Claudia , Costa Ariana da Silva , Mangucci Carolina Bragine 
Published: February 2021

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of juices kept in juice dispensers and sold in retail in canteens and snack bars.
Study Design: The study was done with thirty samples of juice, collected in the morning and in the afternoon, obtained at commercial establishments near Uberaba University, whereas two samples were of cashew juice, two samples of tamarind juice, two samples of passion fruit with mango juice, four samples of guava with acerola juice, eight samples of grape juice and twelve samples of passion fruit juice.
Place and Duration of Study: Food Microbiology Laboratory - University of Uberaba.
Methodology: The temperature at the time of collection was measured. A microbiological analysis was performed. The samples that were positive for thermotolerant coliforms, the analysis was continued, reaching the isolation of Escherichia coli and its subsequent serological identification.
Results: The results point to a contamination, over current legal standards, of 66.7% for the samples collected in the morning and of 73.34% for the samples collected in the afternoon. Conclusion: Greater care in good practices is suggested, especially regarding the personal hygiene of handlers, water quality, sanitation and correct temperature control of fruit juice dispensers.
Comparative Analysis of Biodiesel Production from Five Varieties of Castor Beans
Authors: Tangka Julius Kewir , Merlain Djousse Kanouo Boris , Donald Dontsa Tsafack Bertold , Croft Max , Kitio Vincent 
Published: February 2021

A comparative study was conducted to estimate biodiesel productivity of five varieties of castor beans: Ricinus communis zanzibariensis {white black} (castor 1), Ricinus communis sanguineus (castor 2), Ricinus communis carmencita (castor 3), Ricinus communis zanzibariensis {dark black} (castor 4) and Ricinus communis {black Tanzania}(castor 5). The castor beans were preheated to a temperature between 22 and 33 ° C and then pressed with a manual hydraulic press, under 170 bars. The oil obtained was subjected to the transesterification reaction with methanol (99.98% pure) in a proportion of 5: 1 in the presence of sodium hydroxide as a catalyst (10,672g) for 02 hours at temperature between 60 and 70 °C. Purification was performed by reacting the methyl ester formed with heated water (55 °C) and acetic acid. The density, the kinematic viscosity at 21 ° C and the proportion of residual soap were determined later. The results for five castor varieties showed that the oil yields varied from 24 to 26.96 %; the volume of methyl ester was higher with castor 4 and lower with castor 5 but there was no significant difference in the biodiesel yields. Castor 2 has the best yield of biodiesel (93.5%), followed by castor 5 (92.5%), castor 3 (91%), castor 1 (90.75 %) and castor 4 (90%). Therefore castor oil 2 has a better potential for biodiesel production.
Animal Production, Resource Engagement and Sustainability of Return
Authors: Ramić Edin , Salkić Besim , Salkić Ensar , Zenunović Amir , Mujić Adela 
Published: February 2021

In recent years, the topic of sustainability of return has been topical. A significant number, if not the vast majority, are in fact returnees to rural areas in the wider area of ​​Bosnia and Herzegovina. There are many objective reasons why this is so, but in this paper we will deal with the perspectives of sustainable return on the example of the region "Srednje Podrinje". Animal production imposes itself as the simplest form of production in order to engage existing resources owned by returnees, primarily land. However, one of the problems faced by the inhabitants of rural areas is the lack of knowledge about the markets for agricultural products, in connection with their chances but also threats.
Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Contact Lens Wear in Greece
Authors: Chandrinos Aristeidis , Tzamouranis Dorotheos-Dimitrios 
Published: February 2021

Purpose: This study demonstrates the actions that took over the contact lens (CL) wearers in Greece after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: The study includes nameless web-based survey used to measure participants demographics, CL wear history, and custom wear activity of CL in a stage of noticeable risk of infection due to CL wear during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results: During the lockdown A’ in Greece about half of the participants (42.5%) believe that the perception risk of infection using CL was extremely effective (29%) and very effective (13.5%). Only a minority (18 %) of the participants do believe that the use of CL increases the risk of COVID-19 infection. Another population (43%) do not agree with this opinion and more than a third of them (39%) resemble that are not affected by this opinion or are less informed.
Conclusion: This study presents the likelihood of reducing or ceasing the use of CLs during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and a relationship between the perceived risk of infection and CL use. There was also a predisposition to alter the frequency of CL wear. All eye care practitioners should give more advice to their patients that continue to wear CL and assist them to act in accordance with the new rules of handling and in favour of occasional CL wear.
Human rights to safe motherhood
Authors: Cook R.J , Dickens B.M 
Published: July 2002

AbstractEach year an estimated 515 000 women die of complications of pregnancy and childbirth, 7 million more suffer serious health problems and 50 million suffer adverse health effects. Over 98% of deaths occur in resource‐poor countries. However, poverty alone neither justifies nor necessarily explains death rates. The Inter‐Agency Group for Safe Motherhood, composed of six leading international agencies, has identified major medical causes of unsafe motherhood, and their origins in medical and health system failures, and in the failures of social justice that underlie them. These include women's ‘inadequate education, low social status, and lack of income and employment opportunities.’ This paper addresses the role of human rights to redress inequities that condition unsafe motherhood, and identifies five critical rights the observance of which would facilitate safe motherhood. These are women's rights to life, to liberty and security of the person, and to health, maternity protection and non‐discrimination.
Relative impacts of gypsy moth outbreaks and insecticide treatments on forest resources and ecosystems: An experimental approach
Authors: Leroy Benjamin M. L. , Lemme Hannes , Braumiller Philipp , Hilmers Torben , Jacobs Martin , Hochrein Sophia , Kienlein Sebastian , Müller Jörg , Pretzsch Hans , Stimm Kilian , Seibold Sebastian , Jaworek Jessica , Hahn W. Andreas , Müller‐Kroehling Stefan , Weisser Wolfgang W. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract1. Gypsy moth outbreaks cause severe defoliation in Holarctic forests, both in North America where it is invasive, and in its native range in Eurasia. Defoliation can hamper timber production and impact ecological communities and processes. Aerial insecticide applications are regularly performed in outbreak areas to mitigate economic losses. These operations can be financially costly and harmful to non‐target species and may disrupt species interaction networks. However, replicated studies of the relative impacts of gypsy moth outbreaks and insecticide application on forest growth and animal communities are rare and have yet to be carried out in the species' indigenous range.2. Here, we review the pathways in which gypsy moth outbreaks and the chemical control of these outbreaks affect forest ecosystems. We then present an experimental design established in South Central Germany in early 2019, aiming to study the ecological and economic consequences of gypsy moth eruptions and insecticide application in oak forests. The study's full factorial design comprises forest stands at high and low defoliation risk, either treated with tebufenozide or left unsprayed, within 12 experimental blocks. Measurements of forest growth and structure, tree mortality, gypsy moth density, and composition of lepidopteran, bird, bat, ground beetle, and canopy arthropod communities will be conducted for several years.3. One‐year intensive monitoring of gypsy moth populations and damage across the selected sites showed substantial differences in population density between plots at high and low defoliation risk and high efficacy of tebufenozide in suppressing gypsy moth populations in treated plots. In the first year of the experiment, gypsy moth density and defoliation in predicted outbreak plots differed strongly, confirming the importance of using many replicates and blocking to control spatial heterogeneity. The experiment will be running continuously during the coming years to produce short‐ and medium‐term economic and ecological data to improve our understanding and management of gypsy moth outbreaks.
Lexis Diagram
Authors: Keiding Niels 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

A
Lexis diagram
in its standard form is a coordinate system with calendar time as abscissa and age as ordinate, representing individual lives by line segments with slope 1, starting at (date of birth, 0) and ending at (date of death, age at death). Lexis diagrams are important tools in demography and epidemiology (
age–period–cohort models
). This article outlines the history of the diagram from the age of the German mathematician and economist W. Lexis and mentions generalizations and applications up to the present day.
Aging and Positive Dependence
Authors: Spizzichino Fabio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMultivariate survival models for vectors of dependent lifetimes also typically manifest a phenomena of aging. This article presents a discussion about the connections existing between these types of properties and points out some aspects that they have in common, from a conceptual point of view. On this purpose, some basic notions of positive dependence and some notions of multivariate aging are being recalled. Furthermore, some special types of multivariate dependence models are reviewed and briefly discussed.
Financial Stability Data
Authors: Flood Mark D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractData for the analysis of financial stability are as diverse as the financial system itself. Traditional information sources focused heavily on key macroeconomic and financial aggregates as well as financial reports from the banking sector. More recently, highly granular data have become more widely available, enabling the detailed analysis of risks at the portfolio level. These expanding data resources also imply significant big‐data scalability concerns.
Boosting the Pseudocapacitive and High Mass‐Loaded Lithium/Sodium Storage through Bonding Polyoxometalate Nanoparticles on MXene Nanosheets
Authors: Chao Huixia , Qin Haiquan , Zhang Mengdi , Huang Yunchun , Cao Linfang , Guo Hailing , Wang Kai , Teng Xiaoling , Cheng Jingkang , Lu Yukun , Hu Han , Wu Mingbo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAchieving rate‐capable and high mass‐loaded lithium/sodium storage plays a pivotal role in promoting real world applications of many emerging electrode materials. Herein, such an electrode material is reported made of Mo and Fe‐based polyoxometalates firmly bonded on MXene nanosheets through a mild in situ growth procedure. The polyoxometalate nanoparticles can efficiently prevent the restacking of the MXene nanosheets, enabling an electrolyte‐permeable architecture at high mass loadings while the metallic conductivity of MXenes allows rapid electron transfer contributing to the full exploration of the rich redox capability of polyoxometalates even at high rates. The optimal structure delivers a high capacity of 297 and 191 mA h g–1 at 1.0 A g–1 for lithium and sodium storage, respectively, even after a thousand of cycles. The kinetic analysis suggests high capacitive contributions of 81.6% and 67.4% for lithium and sodium uptake/release at 1.0 mV s–1, respectively. Moreover, a decent capacity remains even after 13.5‐fold increase of loading mass. The lithium/sodium‐ion hybrid supercapacitors based on this composite deliver remarkable energy density and power capability. The results demonstrated in this work may offer an alternative selection of electrodes based on rationally designed polyoxometalates and MXenes.