bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotyping of Acute and Persistent Coronavirus Disease 2019 Features in the Outpatient Setting: Exploratory Analysis of an International Cross-sectional Online Survey
Authors: Sahanic Sabina , Tymoszuk Piotr , Ausserhofer Dietmar , Rass Verena , Pizzini Alex , Nordmeyer Goetz , Hüfner Katharina , Kurz Katharina , Weber Paulina Maria , Sonnweber Thomas , Boehm Anna , Aichner Magdalena , Cima Katharina , Boeckle Barbara , Holzner Bernhard , Rumpold Gerhard , Puelacher Christoph , Kiechl Stefan , Huber Andreas , Wiedermann Christian J , Sperner-Unterweger Barbara , Tancevski Ivan , Bellmann-Weiler Rosa , Bachler Herbert , Piccoliori Giuliano , Helbok Raimund , Weiss Guenter , Loeffler-Ragg Judith 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundLong COVID, defined as the presence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms ≥28 days after clinical onset, is an emerging challenge to healthcare systems. The objective of the current study was to explore recovery phenotypes in nonhospitalized individuals with COVID-19.MethodsA dual cohort, online survey study was conducted between September 2020 and July 2021 in the neighboring European regions Tyrol (TY; Austria, n = 1157) and South Tyrol (STY; Italy, n = 893). Data were collected on demographics, comorbid conditions, COVID-19 symptoms, and recovery in adult outpatients. Phenotypes of acute COVID-19, postacute sequelae, and risk of protracted recovery were explored using semi-supervised clustering and multiparameter least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) modeling.ResultsParticipants in the study cohorts were predominantly working age (median age [interquartile range], 43 [31–53] years] for TY and 45 [35–55] years] for STY) and female (65.1% in TY and 68.3% in STY). Nearly half (47.6% in TY and 49.3% in STY) reported symptom persistence beyond 28 days. Two acute COVID-19 phenotypes were discerned: the nonspecific infection phenotype and the multiorgan phenotype (MOP). Acute MOP symptoms encompassing multiple neurological, cardiopulmonary, gastrointestinal, and dermatological symptoms were linked to elevated risk of protracted recovery. The major subset of individuals with long COVID (49.3% in TY; 55.6% in STY) displayed no persistent hyposmia or hypogeusia but high counts of postacute MOP symptoms and poor self-reported physical recovery.ConclusionsThe results of our 2-cohort analysis delineated phenotypic diversity of acute and postacute COVID-19 manifestations in home-isolated patients, which must be considered in predicting protracted convalescence and allocating medical resources.
Maintenance of Measles Elimination Status in the United States for 20 Years Despite Increasing Challenges
Authors: Mathis Adria D , Clemmons Nakia S , Redd Susan B , Pham Huong , Leung Jessica , Wharton Adam K , Anderson Raydel , McNall Rebecca J , Rausch-Phung Elizabeth , Rosen Jennifer B , Blog Debra , Zucker Jane R , Bankamp Bettina , Rota Paul A , Patel Manisha , Gastañaduy Paul A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Measles elimination (interruption of endemic measles virus transmission) in the United States was declared in 2000; however, the number of cases and outbreaks have increased in recent years. We characterized the epidemiology of measles outbreaks and measles transmission patterns after elimination to identify potential gaps in the US measles control program.

Methods
We analyzed national measles notification data from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2019. We defined measles infection clusters as single cases (isolated cases not linked to additional cases), 2-case clusters, or outbreaks with ≥3 linked cases. We calculated the effective reproduction number (R) to assess changes in transmissibility and reviewed molecular epidemiology data.

Results
During 2001–2019, a total of 3873 measles cases, including 747 international importations, were reported in the United States; 29% of importations were associated with outbreaks. Among 871 clusters, 69% were single cases and 72% had no spread. Larger and longer clusters were reported since 2013, including 7 outbreaks with &gt;50 cases lasting &gt;2 months, 5 of which occurred in known underimmunized, close-knit communities. No measles lineage circulated in a single transmission chain for &gt;12 months. Higher estimates of R were noted in recent years, although R remained below the epidemic threshold of 1.

Conclusions
Current epidemiology continues to support the interruption of endemic measles virus transmission in the United States. However, larger and longer outbreaks in recent postelimination years and emerging trends of increased transmission in underimmunized communities emphasize the need for targeted approaches to close existing immunity gaps and maintain measles elimination.
The Carminows and Their Arms: History, Heraldry and Myth in Late Medieval and Early Modern Cornwall
Authors: Saul Nigel 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
At the beginning of the eighteenth century, the Cornish antiquary William Hals recorded a story etched in the Carminow family’s memory which recalled that one of their fourteenth-century forebears had been challenged by Richard, Lord Scrope over his right to the arms Azure, a bend or. The story built on references in the Scrope–Grosvenor hearings in the Court of Chivalry in the 1380s to ‘one Carminow’, actually Thomas Carminow, who had himself mounted a challenge to Scrope in the course of Edward III’s expedition to France in 1359–60. The article examines the justifications that Carminow is reported to have offered for his use of the arms, which he claimed his family had borne since the time of King Arthur, and then considers the reworking of the story in the late sixteenth century, when the changing circumstances of the family required it to be retold in a new form.
Functional analysis of Ost3p and Ost6p containing yeast oligosaccharyltransferases
Authors: Neuhaus Julia D , Wild Rebekka , Eyring Jillianne , Irobalieva Rossitza N , Kowal Julia , Lin Chia-wei , Locher Kaspar P , Aebi Markus 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) is the central enzyme in the N-glycosylation pathway. It transfers a defined oligosaccharide from a lipid-linker onto the asparagine side chain of proteins. The yeast OST consists of eight subunits and exists in two catalytically distinct isoforms that differ in one subunit, Ost3p or Ost6p. The cryo-electron microscopy structure of the Ost6p containing complex was found to be highly similar to the Ost3p containing OST. OST enzymes with altered Ost3p/Ost6p subunits were generated and functionally analyzed. The three C-terminal transmembrane helices were responsible for the higher turnover-rate of the Ost3p vs. the Ost6p containing enzyme in vitro and the more severe hypoglycosylation in Ost3p lacking strains in vivo. Glycosylation of specific OST target sites required the N-terminal thioredoxin domain of Ost3p or Ost6p. This Ost3p/Ost6p dependence was glycosylation site but not protein specific. We concluded that the Ost3p/Ost6p subunits modulate the catalytic activity of OST and provide additional specificity for OST substrate recognition.
Cell wall modifications by α-XYLOSIDASE1 are required for control of seed and fruit size in Arabidopsis
Authors: Di Marzo Maurizio , Viana Vívian Ebeling , Banfi Camilla , Cassina Valeria , Corti Roberta , Herrera-Ubaldo Humberto , Babolin Nicola , Guazzotti Andrea , Kiegle Edward , Gregis Veronica , de Folter Stefan , Sampedro Javier , Mantegazza Francesco , Colombo Lucia , Ezquer Ignacio 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Cell wall modifications are of pivotal importance during plant development. Among cell wall components, xyloglucans are the major hemicellulose polysaccharide in primary cell walls of dicots and non-graminaceous monocots. They can connect the cellulose microfibril surface to affect cell wall mechanical properties. Changes in xyloglucan structure are known to play an important role in regulating cell growth. Therefore, the degradation of xyloglucan is an important modification that alters the cell wall. The α-XYLOSIDASE1 (XYL1) gene encodes the only α-xylosidase acting on xyloglucans in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we showed that mutation of XYL1 strongly influences seed size, seed germination, and fruit elongation. We found that the expression of XYL1 is directly regulated in developing seeds and fruit by the MADS-box transcription factor SEEDSTICK. We demonstrated that XYL1 complements the stk smaller seed phenotype. Finally, by atomic force microscopy, we investigated the role of XYL1 activity in maintaining cell stiffness and growth, confirming the importance of cell wall modulation in shaping organs.
Differences in star formation activity between tidally triggered and isolated bars: a case study of NGC 4303 and NGC 3627
Authors: Iles Elizabeth J , Pettitt Alex R , Okamoto Takashi 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Galactic bars are important drivers of galactic evolution, and yet how they impact the interstellar medium and correspondingly star formation, remains unclear. We present simulation results for two barred galaxies with different formation mechanisms, bars formed in isolation or via a tidal interaction, to consider the spatially and temporally varying trends of star formation. We focus on the early (&lt;1 Gyr) epoch of bar formation so that the interaction is clearly identifiable. The nearby NGC 4303 (isolated) and NGC 3627 (interaction history) are selected as observational analogues to tailor these simulations. Regardless of formation mechanism, both models show similar internal dynamical features, although the interaction appears to promote bar-arm disconnection in the outer disc velocity structure. Both bars trigger similar boosts in star formation (79 per cent; 66 per cent), while the interaction also triggers an earlier 31 per cent burst. Significant morphological dependence is observed in the relation between surface gas and star formation rate. In both cases, the bar component is notably steepest; the arm is similar to the overall disc average; and the interarm clearly the shallowest. A distinguishable feature of the tidal disc is the presence of moderately dense, inefficiently star-forming gas mostly confined to tidal debris outside the optical disc. The tidal disc also exhibits a unique trend of radially increasing star formation efficiency and a clear dearth of star formation which persists along the bar between the centre and bar ends. These are potential signatures for identifying a barred system post-interaction.
The Jodrell bank glitch catalogue: 106 new rotational glitches in 70 pulsars
Authors: Basu A , Shaw B , Antonopoulou D , Keith M J , Lyne A G , Mickaliger M B , Stappers B W , Weltevrede P , Jordan C A 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Pulsar glitches are rapid spin-up events that occur in the rotation of neutron stars, providing a valuable probe into the physics of the interiors of these objects. Long-term monitoring of a large number of pulsars facilitates the detection of glitches and the robust measurements of their parameters. The Jodrell Bank pulsar timing programme regularly monitors more than 800 radio pulsars and has accrued, in some cases, over 50 yr of timing history on individual objects. In this paper, we present 106 new glitches in 70 radio pulsars as observed up to the end of 2018. For 70 per cent of these pulsars, the event we report is its only known glitch. For each new glitch, we provide measurements of its epoch, amplitude, and any detected changes to the spin-down rate of the star. Combining these new glitches with those listed in the Jodrell Bank glitch catalogue, we analyse a total sample of 543 glitches in 178 pulsars. We model the distribution of glitch amplitudes and spin-down rate changes using a mixture of two Gaussian components. We corroborate the known dependence of glitch rate and activity on pulsar spin-down rates and characteristic ages, and show that younger pulsars tend to exhibit larger glitches. Pulsars with spin-down rates between 10−14 and 10−10.5 Hz s−1 show a mean reversal of 1.8 per cent of their spin-down as a consequence of glitches. Our results are qualitatively consistent with the superfluid vortex unpinning models of pulsar glitches.
A decade of joint MOJAVE–Fermi AGN monitoring: localization of the gamma-ray emission region
Authors: Kramarenko I G , Pushkarev A B , Kovalev Y Y , Lister M L , Hovatta T , Savolainen T 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Within the MOJAVE VLBA programme (Monitoring of Jets in AGN with VLBA Experiments), we have accumulated observational data at 15 GHz for hundreds of jets in gamma-ray bright active galactic nuclei since the beginning of the Fermi scientific observations in 2008 August. We investigated a time delay between the flux density of AGN parsec-scale radio emission at 15 GHz and 0.1–300 GeV Fermi LAT photon flux, taken from constructed light curves using weekly and adaptive binning. The correlation analysis shows that radio is lagging gamma-ray radiation by up to 8 months in the observer’s frame, while in the source frame, the typical delay is about 2–3 months. If the jet radio emission, excluding the opaque core, is considered, significant correlation is found at greater time lags. We supplement these results with VLBI kinematics and core shift data to conclude that the dominant high-energy production zone is typically located at a distance of several parsecs from the central nucleus. We also found that quasars have on average more significant correlation peak, more distant gamma-ray emission region from the central engine and shorter variability time-scale compared to those of BL Lacertae objects.
Analysis of Early Science observations with the CHaracterising ExOPlanets Satellite (CHEOPS) usingpycheops
Authors: Maxted P F L , Ehrenreich D , Wilson T G , Alibert Y , Cameron A Collier , Hoyer S , Sousa S G , Olofsson G , Bekkelien A , Deline A , Delrez L , Bonfanti A , Borsato L , Alonso R , Anglada Escudé G , Barrado D , Barros S C C , Baumjohann W , Beck M , Beck T , Benz W , Billot N , Biondi F , Bonfils X , Brandeker A , Broeg C , Bárczy T , Cabrera J , Charnoz S , Corral Van Damme C , Csizmadia Sz , Davies M B , Deleuil M , Demangeon O D S , Demory B-O , Erikson A , Florén H G , Fortier A , Fossati L , Fridlund M , Futyan D , Gandolfi D , Gillon M , Guedel M , Guterman P , Heng K , Isaak K G , Kiss L , Laskar J , Lecavelier des Etangs A , Lendl M , Lovis C , Magrin D , Nascimbeni V , Ottensamer R , Pagano I , Pallé E , Peter G , Piotto G , Pollacco D , Pozuelos F J , Queloz D , Ragazzoni R , Rando N , Rauer H , Reimers C , Ribas I , Salmon S , Santos N C , Scandariato G , Simon A E , Smith A M S , Steller M , Swayne M I , Szabó Gy M , Ségransan D , Thomas N , Udry S , Van Grootel V , Walton N A 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTCHEOPS (CHaracterising ExOPlanet Satellite) is an ESA S-class mission that observes bright stars at high cadence from low-Earth orbit. The main aim of the mission is to characterize exoplanets that transit nearby stars using ultrahigh precision photometry. Here, we report the analysis of transits observed by CHEOPS during its Early Science observing programme for four well-known exoplanets: GJ 436 b, HD 106315 b, HD 97658 b, and GJ 1132 b. The analysis is done using pycheops, an open-source software package we have developed to easily and efficiently analyse CHEOPS light-curve data using state-of-the-art techniques that are fully described herein. We show that the precision of the transit parameters measured using CHEOPS is comparable to that from larger space telescopes such as Spitzer Space Telescope and Kepler. We use the updated planet parameters from our analysis to derive new constraints on the internal structure of these four exoplanets.
Observable gravitational waves from tidal disruption events and their electromagnetic counterpart
Authors: Pfister Hugo , Toscani Martina , Wong Thomas Hong Tsun , Dai Jane Lixin , Lodato Giuseppe , Rossi Elena M 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
We estimate the rate of tidal disruption events (TDEs) that will be detectable with future gravitational wave detectors as well as the most probable properties of these events and their possible electromagnetic counterpart. To this purpose, we combine standard gravitational waves and electromagnetic results with detailed rates estimates. We find that the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) should not detect any TDEs, unless black holes (BHs) are typically embedded by a young stellar population, which, in this situation, could lead up to few 10 events during the duration of the mission. If there are gravitational wave observations, these events should also be observable in the X-ray or the optical/UV part of the electromagnetic spectrum, which may open up the multimessenger era for TDEs. The generation of detectors following LISA will at least yearly observe 104 TDEs at cosmological distances, allowing to do population studies and constrain the black hole mass function. In all cases, most probable events should be around black holes with a mass such that the Keplerian frequency at the Schwarzschild radius is similar to the optimal frequency of the detector and with a large penetration factor.
An imaging polarimetry survey of Type Ia supernovae: are peculiar extinction and polarization properties produced by circumstellar or interstellar matter?
Authors: Chu Matthew R , Cikota Aleksandar , Baade Dietrich , Patat Ferdinando , Filippenko Alexei V , Wheeler J Craig , Maund Justyn , Bulla Mattia , Yang Yi , Höflich Peter , Wang Lifan 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Some highly reddened Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) display low total-to-selective extinction ratios (RV ≲ 2) in comparison to that of typical Milky Way dust (RV ≈ 3.3), and polarization curves that rise steeply to blue wavelengths, with peak polarization values at short wavelengths ($\lambda _{\rm max} \lt 0.4\, \mu$m) in comparison to the typical Galactic values ($\lambda _{\rm max} \approx 0.55\, \mu$ m). Understanding the source of these properties could provide insight into the progenitor systems of SNe Ia. We aim to determine whether they are the result of the host galaxy’s interstellar dust or circumstellar dust. This is accomplished by analysing the continuum polarization of 66 SNe Ia in dust-rich spiral galaxies and 13 SNe Ia in dust-poor elliptical galaxies as a function of normalized galactocentric distance. We find that there is a general trend of SNe Ia in spiral galaxies displaying increased polarization values when located closer to the host galaxies’ centre, while SNe Ia in elliptical host galaxies display low polarization. Furthermore, all highly polarized SNe Ia in spiral host galaxies display polarization curves rising toward blue wavelengths, while no evidence of such polarization properties is shown in elliptical host galaxies. This indicates that the source of the peculiar polarization curves is likely the result of interstellar material as opposed to circumstellar material. The peculiar polarization and extinction properties observed toward some SNe Ia may be explained by the radiative torque disruption mechanism induced by the SN or the interstellar radiation field.
Scintillation-limited photometry with the 20-cm NGTS telescopes at Paranal Observatory
Authors: O’Brien Sean M , Bayliss Daniel , Osborn James , Bryant Edward M , McCormac James , Wheatley Peter J , Acton Jack S , Alves Douglas R , Anderson David R , Burleigh Matthew R , Casewell Sarah L , Gill Samuel , Goad Michael R , Henderson Beth A , Jackman James A G , Lendl Monika , Tilbrook Rosanna H , Udry Stéphane , Vines Jose I , West Richard G 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Ground-based photometry of bright stars is expected to be limited by atmospheric scintillation, although in practice observations are often limited by other sources of systematic noise. We analyse 122 nights of bright star (Gmag ≲ 11.5) photometry using the 20-cm telescopes of the Next-Generation Transit Survey (NGTS) at the Paranal Observatory in Chile. We compare the noise properties to theoretical noise models and we demonstrate that NGTS photometry of bright stars is indeed limited by atmospheric scintillation. We determine a median scintillation coefficient at the Paranal Observatory of $C_{\scriptscriptstyle \text{Y}}= 1.54$, which is in good agreement with previous results derived from turbulence profiling measurements at the observatory. We find that separate NGTS telescopes make consistent measurements of scintillation when simultaneously monitoring the same field. Using contemporaneous meteorological data, we find that higher wind speeds at the tropopause correlate with a decrease in long-exposure (t = 10 s) scintillation. Hence, the winter months between June and August provide the best conditions for high-precision photometry of bright stars at the Paranal Observatory. This work demonstrates that NGTS photometric data, collected for searching for exoplanets, contains within it a record of the scintillation conditions at Paranal.
Dependence of the eruptive filaments dynamics on their length
Authors: Filippov B 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
We analyse numerically a model of eruption of a thin flux rope with the endpoints frozen in the photosphere. The flux rope is assumed to maintain a shape of partial current-carrying torus staying initially in equilibrium in the external dipolar magnetic field. There is an unstable equilibrium point, which can be reached by slow evolution of the system, and then a catastrophic loss of equilibrium and flux-rope eruption follow. Parameters of eruption, such as acceleration, velocity, electric field generated at the null point, depend in particular on the initial length of the flux rope or in other words on the endpoints separation. Analysis of the sample of 30 eruptive events observed on the Sun in the period from 2012 to 2016 showed that the eruptions of shorter filaments are more often associated with flaring phenomena and not followed by coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Eruptions of most lengthy filaments are followed as a rule by CMEs but are much rarely associated with flares.
Inclination pathways of planet-crossing asteroids
Authors: Namouni F 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Long-term statistical simulations of the past evolution of high-inclination Centaurs showed that their orbits tend to be polar with respect to the Solar system’s invariable plane over a large semimajor axis range in trans-neptunian space. Here, we lay the analytical foundation of the study of the inclination pathways of planet-crossing asteroids that explains these findings. We show that the Tisserand relation partitions the inclination–semimajor axis parameter space of the three-body problem into distinct regions depending on the asteroid’s Tisserand parameter T or equivalently its orbital inclination I∞ far from the planet. The Tisserand relation shows that asteroids with I∞ &gt; 110° (T &lt; −1) cannot be injected inside the planet’s orbit. Injection on to retrograde orbits and high-inclination prograde orbits occurs inside the inclination corridor 45° ≤ I∞ ≤ 110° (−1 ≤ T ≤ 2). Inclination dispersion across the inclination pathway for moderate and high inclinations is explained by the secular perturbations from the planet and is smallest for polar orbits. When a planet-crossing asteroid temporarily leaves the inclination pathway, its long-term evolution still depends on its Tisserand parameter as evidenced by its eccentricity dispersion. Simulations of asteroid orbits using the equations of motion with Neptune as the perturbing planet confirm these results for moderate to high inclinations, forward and backward in time because the Tisserand relation is time-independent. The Tisserand inclination pathways will provide important constraints on comet delivery from the outer Solar system as well as on the possible presence of unknown planets in trans-neptunian space.