bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weight Loss and the Risk of Dementia: A Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies
Authors: Wang Chao , Fu Wenning , Cao Shiyi , Jiang Heng , Guo Yingying , Xv Hongbin , Liu Jianxin , Gan Yong , Lu Zuxun 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Weight loss is a common phenomenon among the elderly and is identified
as an important indicator of health status. Many epidemiology studies have investigated the association
between weight loss and dementia, but the results were inconsistent.

Objective:
To examine and determine the association between weight loss and the risk of dementia.

Methods:
Eligible cohort studies involving weight loss and dementia were searched from PubMed,
Embase, and Ovid databases through October 2018. Pooled relative risks (RRs) with its 95% confidence
intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the effects of weight loss on the risk of dementia. Subgroup
and sensitivity analyses were performed to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity.
The Begg’s test and Egger’s test were used to assess the publication bias.

Results:
A total of 20 cohort studies with 38,141 participants were included in this meta-analysis.
Weight loss was significantly associated with the risk of dementia (RR=1.26, 95% CI=1.15-1.38).
BMI decline ≥0.8 units (RR=1.31, 95% CI=1.10-1.56) and ≥4% (RR=1.19, 95% CI=1.03-1.38)
could increase the risk of dementia. The risk of all-cause dementia for people with weight loss increased
by 31% (RR=1.31, 95% CI=1.15-1.49), and 25% higher for incident Alzheimer’s disease
(RR=1.25, 95% CI=1.07-1.46). Weight loss in participants with normal weight had a similar dementia
risk (RR=1.21, 95% CI=1.06-1.38) with the overweight individuals (RR=1.22, 95%
CI=1.11-1.34).

Conclusion:
Weight loss may be associated with an increased risk of dementia, especially for
Alzheimer's disease. Maintaining weight stability may help prevent dementia.
Establishing Machine Learning Models to Predict Curative Resection in Early Gastric Cancer with Undifferentiated Histology: Development and Usability Study
Authors: Bang Chang Seok , Ahn Ji Yong , Kim Jie-Hyun , Kim Young-Il , Choi Il Ju , Shin Woon Geon 
Published: April 2021

Background
Undifferentiated type of early gastric cancer (U-EGC) is included among the expanded indications of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD); however, the rate of curative resection remains unsatisfactory. Endoscopists predict the probability of curative resection by considering the size and shape of the lesion and whether ulcers are present or not. The location of the lesion, indicating the likely technical difficulty, is also considered.

Objective
The aim of this study was to establish machine learning (ML) models to better predict the possibility of curative resection in U-EGC prior to ESD.

Methods
A nationwide cohort of 2703 U-EGCs treated by ESD or surgery were adopted for the training and internal validation cohorts. Separately, an independent data set of the Korean ESD registry (n=275) and an Asan medical center data set (n=127) treated by ESD were chosen for external validation. Eighteen ML classifiers were selected to establish prediction models of curative resection with the following variables: age; sex; location, size, and shape of the lesion; and whether ulcers were present or not.

Results
Among the 18 models, the extreme gradient boosting classifier showed the best performance (internal validation accuracy 93.4%, 95% CI 90.4%-96.4%; precision 92.6%, 95% CI 89.5%-95.7%; recall 99.0%, 95% CI 97.8%-99.9%; and F1 score 95.7%, 95% CI 93.3%-98.1%). Attempts at external validation showed substantial accuracy (first external validation 81.5%, 95% CI 76.9%-86.1% and second external validation 89.8%, 95% CI 84.5%-95.1%). Lesion size was the most important feature in each explainable artificial intelligence analysis.

Conclusions
We established an ML model capable of accurately predicting the curative resection of U-EGC before ESD by considering the morphological and ecological characteristics of the lesions.
Trajectories of Change in an Open-access Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Program for Childhood and Adolescent Anxiety: Open Trial
Authors: March Sonja , Batterham Philip J , Rowe Arlen , Donovan Caroline , Calear Alison L , Spence Susan H 
Published: April 2021

Background
Although evidence bolstering the efficacy of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) for treating childhood anxiety has been growing continuously, there is scant empirical research investigating the timing of benefits made in iCBT programs (eg, early or delayed).

Objective
This study aims to examine the patterns of symptom trajectories (changes in anxiety) across an iCBT program for anxiety (BRAVE Self-Help).

Methods
This study’s participants included 10,366 Australian youth aged 7 to 17 years (4140 children aged 7-12 years; 6226 adolescents aged 12-17 years) with elevated anxiety who registered for the BRAVE Self-Help program. Participants self-reported their anxiety symptoms at baseline or session 1 and then at the commencement of each subsequent session.

Results
The results show that young people completing the BRAVE Self-Help program tend to fall into two trajectory classes that can be reliably identified in terms of high versus moderate baseline levels of anxiety and subsequent reduction in symptoms. Both high and moderate anxiety severity trajectory classes showed significant reductions in anxiety, with the greatest level of change being achieved within the first six sessions for both classes. However, those in the moderate anxiety severity class tended to show reductions in anxiety symptoms to levels below the elevated range, whereas those in the high symptom group tended to remain in the elevated range despite improvements.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that those in the high severity group who do not respond well to iCBT on a self-help basis may benefit from the additional support provided alongside the program or a stepped-care approach where progress is monitored and support can be provided as necessary.
Western Hegemony and Russia’s Eurasian Turn
Authors: Paikin Zachary 
Published: April 2021

According to some perspectives, it is difficult to imagine the collective West developing further relations with Russia beyond the regulatory and systemic – rather than the social – so long as their political systems remain divergent. At the same time, continued elements of Russian “Europeanness” raise fundamental questions about the future role and pre-eminence of liberal states – including Canada – in the contemporary international order, seeing as the Western-led liberal order appears to have failed to become synonymous with global order itself. As such, Russia remains a good case study for probing the extent to which a future world order must root itself in a monist frame in today's pluralistic world. This paper will seek to explore this question from a perspective rooted in the English School of international relations, with the aim of deriving conclusions regarding the liberal international order's ability to maintain its hegemonic position in global international society.
Consequências do produtivismo na vida docente
Authors: Ferreira Carla Guimaraes , Gurgel Cláudio Roberto Marques 
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar como professores de uma grande universidade pública brasileira apreendem o produtivismo acadêmico e como percebem o impacto do mesmo nas suas aulas e em sua saúde. O artigo advém de estudo na Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) sobre a demanda institucional de alta produtividade, caracterizada principalmente pela exigência do aumento de artigos científicos publicados, em paralelo à intensificação das atividades, em geral. A pesquisa de campo foi o principal recurso metodológico utilizado, para o que foi aplicado um questionário. O tratamento dos dados foi qualitativo e a análise das respostas obtidas teve como base a revisão da bibliografia sobre a temática – o produtivismo acadêmico. Concluiu-se que, na percepção da maioria dos entrevistados, a universidade, ambiente de aprendizado e investigação, vem seguindo a lógica produtivista de mercado, a qual tem impactado negativamente as aulas tanto na graduação, quanto na pós-graduação, além de comprometer o desenvolvimento profissional e a saúde dos professores.
Complementarity between Audited Financial Reporting and Voluntary Disclosure: The Case of Former Andersen Clients
Authors: Frankel Richard M. , Kalay Alon , Sadka Gil , Zou Yuan 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Prior literature presents various perspectives on the role of financial reporting. One view is that mandatory periodic reporting disciplines managers and encourages timely voluntary disclosure. We examine this “confirmation hypothesis” using the shock to financial reporting quality experienced by Arthur Andersen clients forced to switch auditors. Consistent with the confirmation hypothesis, we find that former Andersen clients increase disclosure after they change auditors. They increase forecasting frequency and enhance forecasting precision and specificity. We present additional cross-sectional evidence that shows Arthur Andersen clients with larger increases in financial reporting quality increased their disclosure by relatively more, even within the sample of Arthur Andersen clients. We supplement our main findings with a battery of tests to reduce the possibility that alternative shocks and uncertainty drive our results. Our findings support complementarity between financial reporting quality and voluntary disclosures.
Uma Reflexão acerca da fé no imaginário religioso popular brasileiro a partir da música “Se eu quiser falar com Deus” de Gilberto Gil
Authors: Gonçalves Delmo 
Published: April 2021

Resumo O presente artigo busca refletir a fé com as riquezas do imaginário religioso brasileiro a partir da música, um de suas maiores expressões culturais na forma de construções poéticas. Através das músicas revelam-se as crenças e a religiosidade do Brasil neste caso especificamente a partir da música: “Se eu quiser falar com Deus” de Gilberto Gil. Considerando a riqueza imaginária com que se serve a religiosidade brasileira, observa-se que a música popular brasileira, se serve de toda esta riqueza em grande escala, dialogando com toda uma riqueza disponível a fim de se aproximar e falar de perto com a sociedade. Assim, o artista se faz humano e crente, ser comum, e ao mesmo tempo se vê no popular revelando-o como tal. Busca-se neste, refletir tal processo e, lendo a obra do compositor e cantor Gilberto Gil, sondar este imaginário religioso.
Romantic Sublime in Kalidas’s Works: An Ecocritical Approach to the Study of ‘Abhijnanashakuntalam’
Authors: Dubey Chandra Shekhar 
Published: April 2021

Kalidas’s plays are replete with descriptive details of flora and fauna and vivid pictures of naturedrawn from diverse sources and rich imagery. His works particularly “Ritusambharam’’, “Meghdutam’’ and ‘’Abhijnanashakuntalam’’ also show a symbiotic relationship between man and nature. Though there are many works on his plays and epicscritiquingnature,its grandeur and other related aspects. This paper attempts to critique the Ecocritical concept of Romantic sublime in “Abhijnanashakuntalam “. This paper examines the ecosystem presented in this play by Kalidas, which endorses the emotional experiences of the wonder of nature. It also critiques the text with reference to Lee Rozelle’s concept of ‘ ecosublime’ which suggests that sublime encounter with nature inspires awe which further invites ecological catastrophe as well as environmental responsibility. This paper further discusses the profundity of thought, emotion and spirit represented by spectacular landscapes, characters and living and non-living objects in the forest. It further interrogates the ecocentric setting of the play which extends an egalitarian perspective with respect to all elements of nature and acknowledges the intrinsic value of all living beings. The paper concludes that ‘Abhjjnashakuntalam’ presents the ecocritical perspective of society, culture and gender,which highlight nature and evoke emotional experiences with awe and wonder in postmodern world faced with danger of environmental catastrophe.
Comparison of plasma total solids concentration as measured by refractometry and plasma total protein concentration as measured by biuret assay in pet rabbits and ferrets
Authors: Eshar David , Solotoff Kacey L. , Beaufrère Hugues 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To determine the agreement between plasma total solids (TS) concentration as measured by refractometry and plasma total protein (TP) concentration as measured by biuret assay in pet rabbits and ferrets.

SAMPLE
253 and 146 blood samples from 146 and 121 ferrets and rabbits, respectively, with results of CBC and plasma biochemical analyses.

PROCEDURES
Data were collected from medical records regarding plasma TS and TP concentrations, PCV, plasma biochemical values, plasma appearance, and patient signalment. Agreement was determined between refractometer and biuret assay (reference method) values for plasma TS and TP concentration. Other variables were examined for an impact on this agreement.

RESULTS
Mean ± SD plasma TP and TS concentrations were 6.4 ± 0.8 mg/dL and 6.6 ± 0.8 mg/dL, respectively, for rabbits and 6.3 ± 1.2 mg/dL and 6.4 ± 1.1 mg/dL for ferrets. On average, refractometer values overestimated plasma TP concentrations as measured by biuret assay. Plasma cholesterol, glucose, and BUN concentrations and hemolysis and lipemia had significant effects on this bias for ferrets; only BUN concentration had an effect on bias for rabbits given the available data. Other variables had no influence on bias. The limits of agreement were wider than the total allowable analytic error, and > 5% of the data points were outside acceptance limits, indicating that the 2 methods were not in clinical agreement.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Refractometer measurements of plasma TS concentration failed to provide a good estimation of biuret assay measurements of plasma TP concentration in rabbits and ferrets, suggesting that these 2 analytic methods and the results they yield cannot be used interchangeably in these species.
A new technique of performing the cell block using egg whites
Authors: Cretu Ana Maria , Mocanu Liliana , Sora Anna , Nicolau Anca Antonela 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The use of the cell block in the cytology laboratory can be a routine procedure, having an important role in establishing the diagnosis and also in performing additional tests without the need for additional sampling of biological material. Numerous attempts have been made to modify and improve the cell block over the years, however, obtaining a cell block from a fluid biological product is a current challenge because lack of cell adhesion to a tissue remains the most common reason for dissatisfaction among cytopathologists. Although various methods for obtaining cell blocks have been proposed and described in the literature, it is noted that each of them has a disadvantage, in addition to advantages. Thus, in this study we propose a new method that eliminates in turn the disadvantages of other methods, obtaining an increase in cell densities, can apply additional testing applications, while minimizing laboratory costs.
On some new results for the generalised Lucas sequences
Authors: Andrica Dorin , Bagdasar Ovidiu , Ţurcaş George Cătălin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper we introduce the functions which count the number of generalized Lucas and Pell-Lucas sequence terms not exceeding a given value x and, under certain conditions, we derive exact formulae (Theorems 3 and 4) and establish asymptotic limits for them (Theorem 6). We formulate necessary and sufficient arithmetic conditions which can identify the terms of a-Fibonacci and a-Lucas sequences. Finally, using a deep theorem of Siegel, we show that the aforementioned sequences contain only finitely many perfect powers. During the process we also discover some novel integer sequences.
Extension of the Sophomore’s Dream
Authors: Román Gábor 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this article, we are going to look at the convergence properties of the integral

∫
0
1

(

a
x
+
b

)

c
x
+
d

d
x

\int_0^1 {{{\left( {ax + b} \right)}^{cx + d}}dx}

, and express it in series form, where a, b, c and d are real parameters.
An Analysis of WNT5A expression in Wilms’ Tumour
Authors: Laughton Nicholas 
Published: April 2021

Wilms’ tumour is a pediatric tumour of the kidney that appears to be the result of abherrent embryonal renal development. The paired­box (PAX) gene family has previously been implicated in Wilm’s tumorogenesis. In this study, Nickel­Agarose Chromatin Enrichment (NACE) was used to identify genes whose expression is regulated by the ranscription cofactor Pax2. Of the genes identified by NACE, the extracellular signal metabolite WNT5A was chosen fro further study. The expression of WNT5A was measured in a set of tumour samples using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT­PCR) and compared to a human fetal kidney control. Of the 38 samples tested, 76% showed significantly lower levelsof cytosolic messenger RNA (mRNA). This data, in conjunction with published data on Pax2 expression, suggests Pax2 inhibits the expression of WNT5A. When compared with histological reports for the tumours we examined, the expression data implies that WNT5A may have a role in regulation of tubule growth in the developing kidney
3. Intervening with Agriculture: A Case Study of Guerrilla Gardening in Kingston, Ontario
Authors: Crane Annie 
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze guerrilla gardening’s relationship to urban space and contemporary notions of sustainability. To achieve this two case studies of urban agriculture, one of guerrilla gardening and one of community gardening were developed. Through this comparison, guerrilla gardening was framed as a method of spatial intervention, drawing in notions of spatial justice and the right to the city as initially theorized by Henri Lefebvre. The guerrilla gardening case study focuses on Dig Kingston, a project started by the researcher in June of 2010, and the community gardening case study will use the Oak Street Garden, the longest standing community garden in Kingston. The community gardening case study used content analysis and semi-structured long format interviews with relevant actors. The guerrilla gardening case study consisted primarily of action based research as well as content analysis and semi-structured long format interviews. By contributing to the small, but growing, number of accounts and research on guerrilla gardening this study can be used as a starting point to look into other forms of spatial intervention and how they relate to urban space and social relations. Furthermore, through the discussion of guerrilla gardening in an academic manner more legitimacy and weight will be given to it as a method of urban agriculture and interventionist tactic. On a wider scale, perhaps it could even contribute to answering the question of how we (as a society) can transform our cities and reengage in urban space.
Existentialism and Abortion in the Modern World
Authors: Gamero Samantha 
Published: April 2021

Some people within the abortion debate argue that the key question in the abortion debate is whether the fetus is a human being. They say that if it is not, then abortion is always permissible and does not need any justification; if it is, then there are no circumstances that can ever justify it.
I would disagree with this view. I argue that, using an existentialist lens, we can see abortion as the killing of a human being and still accept it. The question surrounding abortion is an existentialist one, not a metaphysical or religious one.
I will argue that, using an existentialist framework, abortion should be accepted as an example of freedom and a way to create an individual meaning in a world without absolutes.
Late melanoma metastases in stomach and small bowel: a case report
Authors: Vergara Laura M. , Belen Pereiro Magalí A. , Salvo Sebastián N. , Álvarez Juan M. , Leandro O. Gusukuma 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Primary cutaneous malignant melanoma with gastric metastases is a rare phenomenon, which usually occurs within one year from the time of the primary tumor diagnosis. In this case, the diagnosis of primary melanoma was 8 years prior to gastric metastases diagnosis.

Case Presentation:
75-year-old male with a history of malignant melanoma presented with ferropenic anemia was found to have metastases to the stomach, detected on endoscopy. A Palliative Subtotal Gastrectomy was performed because of recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding. After surgery, the patient was referred to our oncology clinic for chemotherapy.

Conclusion:
Surgical intervention offered symptomatic relief while attempting to prolong the patient’s survival. Most publications on this topic are limited to single case-reports given the low frequency of gastric lesions in patients with primary cutaneous melanoma. This case report contributes to the understanding of this rare phenomenon while reaffirms that Metastatic Melanoma in the stomach should be suspected in any patient with a previous history of Melanoma.
Metabolic infant nephropathies: a systematic review
Authors: Burlutskaya A. V. , Kovalenko N. S. , Statova A. V. 
Published: April 2021

Background. Metabolic diseases are growing, also in paediatric practice. Metabolic nephropathy is becoming more prevalent comprising 27–64% total paediatric nephrological cases, according to various published evidence. In this concern, the correct diagnosis, dietary and drug therapy acquire particular importance.Objectives. An overview of current methods for laboratory and instrumental diagnosis and treatment of metabolic nephropathies in children.Methods. National and foreign literature sources were mined in the RSCI, VAK, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library and eLibrary databases at a search depth limited to seven years. The query keywords were: metabolic nephropathy [обменная нефропатия], children [дети], calcium oxalate crystalluria [оксалатно-кальциевая кристаллурия], therapy [терапия]. Content and descriptive analyses were used as research tools.Results. The review surveyed 74 literature sources, with 50 selected for further analysis.Discussion. Modern views on metabolic nephropathies are highlighted in terms of classification, clinical progression, methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention. A current trend in these diseases is earlier-age morbidity. The most studied metabolic nephropathy is calcium oxalate crystalluria. The article also discusses the role of Oxalobacter formigenes bacteria in secondary oxalate nephropathy.Conclusion. Therapies for metabolic nephropathies as polyaetiologic diseases are multicomponent to target both a causal factor and lithogenesis-contributing mechanisms. Current treatment approaches to metabolic nephropathies in children are highlighted in the light of published knowledge.
Dorsal epidural “Spindle Cell Lipoma” in a pregnant female
Authors: di Norcia Valerio , Berra Luigi Valentino , D’Angelo Luca , Santoro Antonio 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Spindle cell lipoma (SCL) constitutes just 1.5% of all lipomatous tumors. They typically occur in the upper back and shoulders. Here, we report a 37-year-old female presenting with a SCL in the dorsal epidural thoracic spine, during her 9th month of pregnancy.

Case Description:
A 37-year-old female presented with a subacute (2 months) progressive paraparesis during her 9th month of pregnancy. The MR showed a dorsal epidural mass at the D8 level. Following a cesarean section, the patient underwent a laminectomy for tumor excision. Microscopically, the lesion proved to be a SCL. At 5-year follow-up, there was no tumor recurrence.

Conclusion:
SCL represents a variant of benign lipomas that may occur in the dorsal thoracic spine. Gross total excision may be followed by a benign clinical course without recurrence or malignant degeneration. Very atypical SCLs need closer follow-up to avoid the misdiagnosis of liposarcoma.