bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the compactification of 5d theories to 4d
Authors: Martone Mario , Zafrir Gabi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We study general properties of the mapping between 5d and 4d superconformal field theories (SCFTs) under both twisted circle compactification and tuning of local relevant deformation and CB moduli. After elucidating in generality when a 5d SCFT reduces to a 4d one, we identify nearly all $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 5d SCFT parents of rank-2 4d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SCFTs. We then use this result to map out the mass deformation trajectories among the rank-2 theories in 4d. This can be done by first understanding the mass deformations of the 5d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 SCFTs and then map them to 4d. The former task can be easily achieved by exploiting the fact that the 5d parent theories can be obtained as the strong coupling limit of Lagrangian theories, and the latter by understanding the behavior under compactification. Finally we identify a set of general criteria that 4d moduli spaces of vacua have to satisfy when the corresponding SCFTs are related by mass deformations and check that all our RG-flows satisfy them. Many of the mass deformations we find are not visible from the corresponding complex integrable systems.
Komar integral and Smarr formula for axion-dilaton black holes versus S duality
Authors: Mitsios Dimitrios , Ortín Tomás , Pereñíguez David 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe construct the Komar integral for axion-dilaton gravity using Wald’s formalism and momentum maps and we use it to derive a Smarr relation for stationary axion-dilaton black holes. While the Wald-Noether 2-form charge is not invariant under SL(2,ℝ) electric-magnetic duality transformations because Wald’s formalism does not account for magnetic charges and potentials, the Komar integral constructed with it turns out to be invariant and, in more general theories, it will be fully symplectic invariant. We check the Smarr formula obtained with the most general family of static axion-dilaton black holes.
IL-36 cytokines in inflammatory and malignant diseases: not the new kid on the block anymore
Authors: Byrne James , Baker Kevin , Houston Aileen , Brint Elizabeth 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe IL-36 family of cytokines were first identified in 2000 based on their sequence homology to IL-1 cytokines. Over subsequent years, the ability of these cytokines to either agonise or antagonise an IL-1R homologue, now known as the IL-36 Receptor (IL-36R), was identified and these cytokines went through several cycles of renaming with the current nomenclature being proposed in 2010. Despite being identified over 20 years ago, it is only during the last decade that the function of these cytokines in health and disease has really begun to be appreciated, with both homeostatic functions in wound healing and response to infection, as well as pathological functions now ascribed. In the disease context, over activation of IL-36 has now been associated with many inflammatory diseases including Psoriasis and inflammatory bowel diseases, with roles in cancer also now being investigated. This review summarises the current knowledge of IL-36 biology, its role in inflammatory diseases and focuses on an emerging role for IL-36 in cancer.
Spherical Coefficients of Slice Regular Functions
Authors: Altavilla Amedeo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGiven a quaternionic slice regular function f, we give a direct and effective way to compute the coefficients of its spherical expansion at any point. Such coefficients are obtained in terms of spherical and slice derivatives of the function itself. Afterwards, we compare the coefficients of f with those of its slice derivative $$\partial _{c}f$$

∂
c

f

obtaining a countable family of differential equations satisfied by any slice regular function. The results are proved in all details and are accompanied to several examples. For some of the results, we also give alternative proofs.
Quinoa genome assembly employing genomic variation for guided scaffolding
Authors: Bodrug-Schepers Alexandrina , Stralis-Pavese Nancy , Buerstmayr Hermann , Dohm Juliane C. , Himmelbauer Heinz 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Key message
We propose to use the natural variation between individuals of a population for genome assembly scaffolding. In today’s genome projects, multiple accessions get sequenced, leading to variant catalogs. Using such information to improve genome assemblies is attractive both cost-wise as well as scientifically, because the value of an assembly increases with its contiguity. We conclude that haplotype information is a valuable resource to group and order contigs toward the generation of pseudomolecules.

Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) has been under cultivation in Latin America for more than 7500 years. Recently, quinoa has gained increasing attention due to its stress resistance and its nutritional value. We generated a novel quinoa genome assembly for the Bolivian accession CHEN125 using PacBio long-read sequencing data (assembly size 1.32 Gbp, initial N50 size 608 kbp). Next, we re-sequenced 50 quinoa accessions from Peru and Bolivia. This set of accessions differed at 4.4 million single-nucleotide variant (SNV) positions compared to CHEN125 (1.4 million SNV positions on average per accession). We show how to exploit variation in accessions that are distantly related to establish a genome-wide ordered set of contigs for guided scaffolding of a reference assembly. The method is based on detecting shared haplotypes and their expected continuity throughout the genome (i.e., the effect of linkage disequilibrium), as an extension of what is expected in mapping populations where only a few haplotypes are present. We test the approach using Arabidopsis thaliana data from different populations. After applying the method on our CHEN125 quinoa assembly we validated the results with mate-pairs, genetic markers, and another quinoa assembly originating from a Chilean cultivar. We show consistency between these information sources and the haplotype-based relations as determined by us and obtain an improved assembly with an N50 size of 1079 kbp and ordered contig groups of up to 39.7 Mbp. We conclude that haplotype information in distantly related individuals of the same species is a valuable resource to group and order contigs according to their adjacency in the genome toward the generation of pseudomolecules.
The medial condylar wall is a reliable landmark to kinematically align the femoral component in medial UKA: an in-silico study
Authors: Preston Benjamin , Harris Simon , Villet Loic , Mattathil Collin , Cobb Justin , Rivière Charles 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Kinematic alignment (KA) aligns the femoral implant perpendicular to the cylindrical axis in the frontal and axial plane. Identification of the kinematic axes when using the mini-invasive sub-quadricipital approach is challenging in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). This study aims to assess if the orientation of condylar walls may be suitable for use as an anatomical landmark to kinematically align the femoral component in medial UKA. It was hypothesised that the medial wall of the medial condyle would prove to be a reliable anatomical landmark to set both the frontal and axial alignment of the femoral component in medial UKA.

Methods
73 patients undergoing medial UKA had pre-operative CT imaging to generate 3D models. Those with osteophytes that impaired visualisation of the condylar walls were excluded. 28 patients were included in the study. The ideal KA was determined using the cylindrical axis in the frontal and axial plane. Simulations using the medial wall of the medial condyle (MWMC) and the lateral wall of the medial condyle (LWMC) were performed to set the frontal alignment. To set the axial alignment, the MWMC, LWMC, medial wall of the lateral condyle (MWLC), and medial diagonal line (MDL) anatomical landmarks were investigated. Differences between the ideal measured KA values and values obtained using landmarks were investigated.

Results
Use of the MWMC let to similar frontal alignment compared to the ideal KA (2.9° valgus vs 3.4° valgus, p = 0.371) with 46.4% (13/28) of measurements being $$\le $$
≤
1.0° different from the ideal KA and only 1 simulation with greater than 4.0° difference. Use of the MWMC led to very similar axial alignments compared to the ideal KA (0.5° internal vs 0.0°, p = 0.960) with 75.0% (21/28) of measurements being $$\le $$
≤
1.0o different from the ideal KA, and a maximum difference of 3.0°. Use of the MWLC and MDL was associated with significant statistical differences when compared to the ideal KA (p < 0.001 for both).

Conclusions
The native orientation of the medial condylar wall seems to be a reliable anatomical landmark for aligning the femoral component in medial KA UKA in both the axial plane and frontal planes. Other assessed landmarks were shown to not be reliable. Clinical and radiographic assessments of the reliability of using the MWMC to set the frontal and axial orientation of the femoral component when performing a medial KA UKA are needed.
Global bifurcation of solitary waves for the Whitham equation
Authors: Truong Tien , Wahlén Erik , Wheeler Miles H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Whitham equation is a nonlocal shallow water-wave model which combines the quadratic nonlinearity of the KdV equation with the linear dispersion of the full water wave problem. Whitham conjectured the existence of a highest, cusped, traveling-wave solution, and his conjecture was recently verified in the periodic case by Ehrnström and Wahlén. In the present paper we prove it for solitary waves. Like in the periodic case, the proof is based on global bifurcation theory but with several new challenges. In particular, the small-amplitude limit is singular and cannot be handled using regular bifurcation theory. Instead we use an approach based on a nonlocal version of the center manifold theorem. In the large-amplitude theory a new challenge is a possible loss of compactness, which we rule out using qualitative properties of the equation. The highest wave is found as a limit point of the global bifurcation curve.
Color changes in beef meat during pan cooking: kinetics, modeling and application to predict turn over time
Authors: Moya Jara , Lorente-Bailo Silvia , Ferrer-Mairal Ana , Martínez Miguel A. , Calvo Begoña , Grasa Jorge , Salvador María L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe kinetics of heat-induced color changes in beef meat was determined and implemented in a numerical model for double-sided pan cooking of steak. The CIELab color space was used to obtain the lightness (coordinate $$L^*$$

L
∗

) and the reddish tone (coordinate $$a^*$$

a
∗

) of the cooked meat. $$L^*$$

L
∗

was the CIELab coordinate that contributed the most to the change in the absolute color. Two response surfaces were found to describe the evolution with time and temperature of both color coordinates, $$L^*$$

L
∗

and $$a^*$$

a
∗

. The model results were successfully verified with experimental data of the two coordinates along the thickness of the meat for three degrees of cooking. The Root-Mean-Squared Errors (RMSE) for coordinate $$L^*$$

L
∗

were 5.17 (very rare), 2.02 (medium rare) and 3.83 (done), and for coordinate $$a^*$$

a
∗

1.44 (very rare), 1.26 (medium rare) and 0.89 (done). The applicability of the model for practical cooking purposes was illustrated by determining the optimum turn over time to achieve a similar color profile on both sides of the meat. The turn over time depended on the desired degrees of cooking, and were comprised between one-half and two-thirds of the final cooking time, increasing from very rare cooking degree to done cooking degree.
Coronary Artery Anomalies and Their Impact on the Feasibility of Percutaneous Pulmonary Valve Implantation
Authors: Hanser Anja , Michel Jörg , Hornung Andreas , Sieverding Ludger , Hofbeck Michael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOne of the major obstacles preventing successful percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI) is related to the close proximity of coronary artery branches to the expected landing zone. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of coronary artery anomalies (CAAs) especially those associated with major coronary branches crossing the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) and to describe their relevance for the feasibility of percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI). In our retrospective single-center study 90 patients were evaluated who underwent invasive testing for PPVI in our institution from 1/2010 to 1/2020. CAAs were identified in seven patients (8%) associated with major branches crossing the RVOT due to origin of the left anterior descending (LAD) or a single coronary artery from the right aortic sinus. In 5/7 patients with CAAs balloon testing of the RVOT and selective coronary angiographies revealed a sufficiently large landing zone distal to the coronary artery branch. While unfavorable RVOT dimensions prevented PPVI in one, PPVI was performed successfully in the remaining four patients. The relatively short landing zone required application of the “folded” melody technique in two patients. All patients are doing well (mean follow-up 3 years). CAAs associated with major coronary branches crossing the RVOT can be expected in about 8% of patients who are potential candidates for PPVI. Since the LAD crossed the RVOT below the plane of the pulmonary valve successful distal implantation of the valve was possible in 4/7 patients. Therefore these coronary anomalies should not be considered as primary contraindications for PPVI.
Imaging of treatment response and minimal residual disease in multiple myeloma: state of the art WB-MRI and PET/CT
Authors: Lecouvet Frederic E. , Vekemans Marie-Christiane , Van Den Berghe Thomas , Verstraete Koenraad , Kirchgesner Thomas , Acid Souad , Malghem Jacques , Wuts Joris , Hillengass Jens , Vandecaveye Vincent , Jamar François , Gheysens Olivier , Vande Berg Bruno C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBone imaging has been intimately associated with the diagnosis and staging of multiple myeloma (MM) for more than 5 decades, as the presence of bone lesions indicates advanced disease and dictates treatment initiation. The methods used have been evolving, and the historical radiographic skeletal survey has been replaced by whole body CT, whole body MRI (WB-MRI) and [18F]FDG-PET/CT for the detection of bone marrow lesions and less frequent extramedullary plasmacytomas.Beyond diagnosis, imaging methods are expected to provide the clinician with evaluation of the response to treatment. Imaging techniques are consistently challenged as treatments become more and more efficient, inducing profound response, with more subtle residual disease. WB-MRI and FDG-PET/CT are the methods of choice to address these challenges, being able to assess disease progression or response and to detect “minimal” residual disease, providing key prognostic information and guiding necessary change of treatment.This paper provides an up-to-date overview of the WB-MRI and PET/CT techniques, their observations in responsive and progressive disease and their role and limitations in capturing minimal residual disease. It reviews trials assessing these techniques for response evaluation, points out the limited comparisons between both methods and highlights their complementarity with most recent molecular methods (next-generation flow cytometry, next-generation sequencing) to detect minimal residual disease. It underlines the important role of PET/MRI technology as a research tool to compare the effectiveness and complementarity of both methods to address the key clinical questions.
Warming, not CO2-acidified seawater, alters otolith development of juvenile Antarctic emerald rockcod (Trematomus bernacchii)
Authors: Naslund Andrew W. , Davis Brittany E. , Hobbs James A. , Fangue Nann A. , Todgham Anne E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe combustion of fossil fuels is currently causing rapid rates of ocean warming and acidification worldwide. Projected changes in these parameters have been repeatedly observed to stress the physiological limits and plasticity of many marine species from the molecular to organismal levels. High latitude oceans are among the fastest changing ecosystems; therefore, polar species are projected to be some of the most vulnerable to climate change. Antarctic species are particularly sensitive to environmental change, having evolved for millions of years under stable ocean conditions. Otoliths, calcified structures found in a fish’s inner ear used to sense movement and direction, have been shown to be affected by both warming and CO2-acidified seawater in temperate and tropical fishes but there is no work to date on Antarctic fishes. In this study, juvenile emerald rockcod (Trematomus bernacchii) were exposed to projected seawater warming and CO2-acidification for the year 2100 over 28 days. Sagittal otoliths were analyzed for changes in area, perimeter, length, width and shape. We found ocean warming increased the growth rate of otoliths, while CO2-acidified seawater and the interaction of warming and acidification did not have an effect on otolith development. Elevated temperature also altered the shape of otoliths. If otolith development is altered under future warming scenarios, sensory functions such as hearing, orientation, and movement may potentially be impaired. Changes in these basic somatic abilities could have broad implications for the general capabilities and ecology of early life stages of Antarctic fishes.
Ocean salinity indices of interannual modes in the tropical Pacific
Authors: Chi Jianwei , Qu Tangdong , Du Yan , Qi Jifeng , Shi Ping 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the interannual modes of the tropical Pacific using salinity from observations, ocean reanalysis output and CMIP6 products. Here we propose two indices of sea surface salinity (SSS), a monopole mode and a dipole mode, to identify the El Niño—South Oscillation (ENSO) and its diversity, respectively. The monopole mode is primarily controlled by atmospheric forcing, namely, the enhanced precipitation that induces negative SSS anomalies across nearly the entire tropical Pacific. The dipole mode is mainly forced by oceanic dynamics, with zonal current transporting fresh water from the western fresh pool into the western-central and salty water from the subtropics into the eastern tropical Pacific. Under a global warming condition, an increase in the monopole and dipole mode variance indicates an increase in both the central and eastern Pacific El Niño variability. The increase in central Pacific El Niño variability is largely due to enhanced vertical stratification during global warming in the upper layer, with intensified zonal advection. An eastern Pacific El Niño-like warming pattern contributes to the increase in eastern Pacific El Niño, with enhanced precipitation over the central-eastern tropical Pacific.
Does the orientation of syndesmosis fixative device affect the immediate reduction of the distal tibiofibular joint?
Authors: Hennings Robert , Spiegl Ulrich J. , Fuchs Carolin , Hepp Pierre , Fakler Johannes K. M. , Ahrberg Annette B. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Incongruent stabilization of the distal tibiofibular joint (syndesmosis) results in poorer long-term outcome in malleolar fractures. The aim was to analyze whether the orientation of the syndesmotic stabilization would affect the immediate reduction imaged in computed tomography (CT).

Materials and methods
The syndesmotic congruity in 114 ankle fractures with stabilization of the syndesmosis were retrospectively analyzed in the post-operative bilateral CT scans. The incisura device angle (IDA) was defined and correlated with the side-to-side difference of Leporjärvi clear-space (ΔLCS), anterior tibiofibular distance (ΔantTFD) and Nault talar dome angle (ΔNTDA) regardless of the stabilization technique and separately for suture button system and syndesmotic screw. Asymmetric reduction was defined as ΔLCS > 2 mm and |ΔantTFD|> 2 mm.

Results
Regardless of the stabilization technique, no correlation between the IDA and the ΔLCS (r = 0.069), the ΔantTFD (r = 0.019) nor the ΔNTDA (r = 0.177) could be observed. There were no differences between suture button system and syndesmotic screw. Asymmetrical reduction was detected in 46% of the cases, while sagittal asymmetry was most common. No association was found between the orientation of stabilization device and occurrence of asymmetrical reduction (p > 0.05). The results of suture button system and syndesmotic screw were comparable in this respect (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
Poor correlation between the orientation of the stabilization device and the immediate post-operative congruity of the syndesmosis could be shown. In contrast to current literature, this study did not show difference of suture button system over syndesmotic screw in this regard. Careful adjustment of the fibula in anteroposterior orientation should be given special attention.
Comparison of a practice-based versus theory-based training program for conducting vacuum-assisted deliveries: a randomized-controlled trial
Authors: Marschalek Julian , Kuessel Lorenz , Stammler-Safar Maria , Kiss Herbert , Ott Johannes , Husslein Heinrich 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Vacuum-assisted deliveries (VAD) are complex procedures that require training and experience to be performed proficiently. We aimed to evaluate if a more resource intensive practice-based training program for conducting VAD is more efficient compared to a purely theory-based training program, with respect to immediate training effects and persistence of skills 4–8 weeks after the initial training.

Methods
In this randomized-controlled study conducted in maternity staff, participants performed a simulated low-cavity non-rotational vacuum delivery before (baseline test) and immediately after the training (first post-training test) as well as 4–8 weeks thereafter (second post-training test). The study’s primary endpoint was to compare training effectiveness between the two study groups using a validated objective structured assessment of technical skills (OSATS) rating scale.

Results
Sixty-two participants were randomized to either the theory-based group (n = 31) or the practice-based group (n = 31). Total global and specific OSATS scores, as well as distance of cup application to the flexion point improved significantly from baseline test to the first post-training test in both groups (pall < 0.007). Skill deterioration after 4–8 weeks was only found in the theory-based group, whereas skills remained stable in the practice-based group.

Conclusion
A practice-based training program for conducting VAD results in comparable immediate improvement of skills compared to a theory-based training program, but the retention of skills 4–8 weeks after training is superior in a practice-based program. Future studies need to evaluate, whether VAD simulation training improves maternal and neonatal outcome after VAD.