bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro protein digestibility of direct‐expanded chickpea–sorghum snacks
Authors: Bekele Esayas K. , Tyler Robert T. , Henry Carol J. , House James D. , Nosworthy Matthew G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBlending cereals with pulses provides a balanced protein with higher biological value as their amino acid compositions are complementary. Extrusion not only can improve protein digestibility but also may reduce essential amino acid content. This study investigated the effects of extrusion parameters and blend ratio on in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) and IVPD‐corrected amino acid score (IVPDCAAS) of direct‐expanded chickpea–sorghum snacks. Chickpea–sorghum blends (50:50, 60:40, and 70:30 chickpea:sorghum, w/w) were extruded at 10 combinations of moisture content (16%, 18%, and 20%) and barrel temperature (120°C, 140°C, and 160°C), and at 169°C and 15% moisture, the conditions identified in a previous study as producing maximal expansion. Chickpea and sorghum flours were extruded at 140°C and 18% moisture for comparison purposes. The IVPD of raw 50:50, 60:40, and 70:30 chickpea–sorghum blends ranged from 76% to 78%; values for raw chickpea and sorghum flours were 79% and 74%, respectively. Extrusion increased IVPD (P < 0.05) of all flours and blends. An increase in extrusion temperature increased the IVPD of extrudates (P < 0.05), whereas an increase in moisture content had the opposite effect (P < 0.05). The IVPDCAAS of raw 50:50, 60:40, and 70:30 chickpea–sorghum blends were 0.64, 0.72, and 0.73, respectively; values for raw chickpea and sorghum flours were 0.74 and 0.27, respectively. Extrusion increased IVPDCAAS (P < 0.05). The 70:30 chickpea–sorghum blend extruded at the maximal expansion exhibited the highest protein quality indicating this to be the optimal condition for snack production.
Spectral Hong–Ou–Mandel Interference between Independently Generated Single Photons for Scalable Frequency‐Domain Quantum Processing
Authors: Khodadad Kashi Anahita , Kues Michael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe photon's frequency degree of freedom, being compatible with mature telecom infrastructure, offers large potential for the stable and controllable realization of photonic quantum processing applications such as the quantum internet. The Hong–Ou–Mandel effect, as a two‐photon interference phenomenon, serves as a central building block for such frameworks. A key element yet missing to enable meaningful frequency‐based implementations as well as scalability in the number of processed photons, is the demonstration of the Hong–Ou–Mandel effect between independently created photons of different frequencies. The experimental implementation of bosonic and fermionic frequency domain Hong–Ou–Mandel interference between independently generated single photons is reported here, with measured visibilities of 74.31% ± 3.56% and 86.44% ± 8.27%, respectively. This is achieved through a scalable photonic frequency circuit that creates two post‐selected pure single photons, which undergo frequency mixing at an electro‐optic phase modulator. The system is on‐the‐fly reconfigurable allowing to probe bosonic and fermionic Hong–Ou–Mandel interference in the same experimental setup. The work demonstrates the versatility of frequency domain processing and its scalability toward higher photon numbers, which enables new quantum gate concepts as well as the establishment of frequency‐based large‐scale quantum networks.
Deep‐sea corrosion rusticles from iron‐hulled shipwrecks
Authors: Silva‐Bedoya Lina M. , Watkin Elizabeth , Machuca Laura L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVertical tube‐shaped iron‐oxide accumulations, named rusticles, obtained from the wrecks of the HMAS Sydney II and the HSK Kormoran at 2480 m ocean depth were chemically analysed along with surrounding seawater. Rusticles consisted of a porous aggregation of iron oxides and high levels of toxic metals and metalloids. Their growth rate is approximately 1 cm per year, predominantly over the areas of the hulls that remained underwater during their service years. A connection between the quality of antifouling paints and rusticle growth and composition was found. A mechanism explaining the formation of rusticles is proposed based on corrosion of carbon steel in deep‐seawater, water chemistry, surface complexation of iron oxides and chemical garden formation mechanisms. This study provides a complete rationalisation of the process of rusticle formation and deep‐water corrosion that is applicable to the long‐term integrity of offshore infrastructure.
Authenticating brand activism: Negotiating the boundaries of free speech to make a change
Authors: Sibai Olivier , Mimoun Laetitia , Boukis Achilleas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractActivist brands commonly engage in controversies to redefine which opinions and ideas are acceptable to express publicly. We conceptualize this practice as free speech boundary work. How can activist brands negotiate the boundaries of free speech to authenticate their activist positioning? By conducting a comparative case study of 18 activist brands, we identify three controversial strategies—creating monstrous hybrids, challenging the establishment, and demonstrating exemplarity—each of them challenging the boundaries of free speech through a distinct mechanism. The results show that whether these strategies authenticate brands’ activism depends on their ability to communicate brands’ moral competency, defined in terms of moral sensitivity, moral vision, and moral integration. This study contributes to the literature on brand activism by proposing an integrative framework that articulates the mechanisms underlying the reformative power of controversial brand activism. Second, we contribute to the literature on brand activism authentication by introducing a competency‐oriented view that reveals the heterogeneous and multidimensional nature of activism authenticity and expands our conception of the spectrum of moral territories with which activist brands can engage.
Transcriptome analysis of buffalo granulosa cells in three dimensional culture systems
Authors: Pandey Mamta , Singh Sudhakar , Yadav Monica , Singh Dheer , Onteru Suneel Kumar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHanging drop (HD) three‐dimensional (3D) culture model for buffalo granulosa cells (GC) was reported to mimic the preovulatory stage of ovarian follicles in our previous study. To further verify its reliability, the present study attempted a comparative transcriptome profile of buffalo GC freshly isolated from ovarian follicles (<8 mm diameter) (FC) and their cultures in normal culture dish (ND or 2D), polyHEMA coated dish (PH) and HD culture systems (3D). Out of 223 significantly (−log2 fold change: >3; p < .0005; false discovery rate [FDR]: <0.1) differentially expressed genes (SDEGs) among different culture systems, 137 were found unannotated, and 94, 29, and 66 were exclusively expressed in FC, PH, and HD, respectively. However, on eliminating the fixed points of p values and FDR from the entire raw data, only 11 genes related to long noncoding RNA, 12 genes related to luteinization, and 3 genes related to follicular maturation were exclusively expressed in FC, PH, and HD culture systems, respectively. The quantitative real time‐PCR validation and the next generation sequencing data had more than 90% correlation. Bioinformatics analyses of the exclusively expressed SDEG revealed that the freshly aspirated GCs were a true representative of GCs from small follicles (<8 mm diameter), the GC spheroids under PH maintained mitochondrial function, and those cultured in HD system for 6 days simulated the inflammatory milieu required for ovulation. Therefore, the comparative transcriptome profile also reinforced that HD culture system is better in vitro culture method than the other methods analyzed in this study for buffalo GC.
Momentum‐based accelerated mirror descent stochastic approximation for robust topology optimization under stochastic loads
Authors: Li Weichen , Zhang Xiaojia Shelly 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRobust topology optimization (RTO) improves the robustness of designs with respect to random sources in real‐world structures, yet an accurate sensitivity analysis requires the solution of many systems of equations at each optimization step, leading to a high computational cost. To open up the full potential of RTO under a variety of random sources, this article presents a momentum‐based accelerated mirror descent stochastic approximation (AC‐MDSA) approach to efficiently solve RTO problems involving various types of load uncertainties. The proposed framework performs high‐quality design updates with highly noisy and biased stochastic gradients. The sample size is reduced to two (minimum for unbiased variance estimation) and is shown to be sufficient for evaluating stochastic gradients to obtain robust designs, thus drastically reducing the computational cost. The AC‐MDSA update formula based on entropic ℓ1‐norm is derived, which mimics the feasible space geometry. A momentum‐based acceleration scheme is integrated to accelerate the convergence, stabilize the design evolution, and alleviate step size sensitivity. Several 2D and 3D examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed AC‐MDSA to handle RTO involving various loading uncertainties. Comparison with other methods shows that the proposed AC‐MDSA is superior in computational cost, stability, and convergence speed.
Polylactide/graphene nanoplatelets composite films: Impact of high‐pressure on topography, barrier, thermal, and mechanical properties
Authors: Ahmed Jasim , Mulla Mehrajfatema Z. , Vahora Aateka , Bher Anibal , Auras Rafael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, the compatibility of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) in the development of a polylactide (PLA)‐based sustainable composite films and its suitability under high‐pressure (HP) processing (300–600 MPa/15 min) were examined. The GNP concentrations relative to PLA were restricted to 2 wt% while 10 wt% polyethylene glycol (PEG) was blended as a plasticizer. The film properties were examined by monitoring the thermal, barrier, mechanical, and microstructure before and after the pressure treatments. Reinforcement of GNP and pressurization both significantly improved the glass transition and crystallization temperatures of the film. Both water vapor and oxygen permeabilities were increased with increasing HP intensity. Both the loading concentration and the applied pressure significantly influenced tensile, microstructure, and AFM surface roughness. This work demonstrates the limitations of thermal and mechanical properties of biodegradable single‐layer nanocomposite films in the HP environment and the future directions to improve those properties for industrial uses.
Multivalent display of chemical signals on self‐assembled peptide scaffolds
Authors: Distaffen Hannah E. , Jones Christopher W. , Abraham Brittany L. , Nilsson Bradley L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSelf‐assembled peptide materials have emerged as promising bioinspired tools for applications that include regenerative medicine, drug delivery, antimicrobial and vaccine development, optics, and catalysis. Peptide self‐assembly mediated by noncovalent hydrogen bonding, coulombic, hydrophobic, and aromatic interactions gives rise to a variety of supramolecular structures that reflect on the nature of the constituent peptides. The emergent properties of these supramolecular peptide materials often depend on the multivalent presentation of functional appendages on the self‐assembled scaffold. For example, the multivalent display of cell‐signaling motifs on self‐assembled peptide nanofibrils provides materials that are excellent extracellular matrix mimetics for tissue engineering applications. This review includes a discussion of chemical strategies that address the challenge of appending functional signal motifs in a multivalent display on self‐assembled peptide and protein materials. In addition, recent examples of supramolecular peptide materials that rely on the multivalent display of chemical signals for the desired applications are presented. Collectively, this discussion illustrates the potential of self‐assembled peptides as sustainable materials to address challenges in contemporary materials science and provides principles for the design of next‐generation agents for a variety of applications.
Protein yoga: Conformational versatility of the Hemolysin II C‐terminal domain detailed by NMR structures for multiple states
Authors: Kaplan Anne R. , Olson Rich , Alexandrescu Andrei T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe C‐terminal domain of Bacillus cereus hemolysin II (HlyIIC), stabilizes the trans‐membrane‐pore formed by the HlyII toxin and may aid in target cell recognition. Initial efforts to determine the NMR structure of HlyIIC were hampered by cis/trans isomerization about the single proline at position 405 that leads to doubling of NMR resonances. We used the mutant P405M‐HlyIIC that eliminates the cis proline to determine the NMR structure of the domain, which revealed a novel fold. Here, we extend earlier studies to the NMR structure determination of the cis and trans states of WT‐HlyIIC that exist simultaneously in solution. The primary structural differences between the cis and trans states are in the loop that contains P405, and structurally adjacent loops. Thermodynamic linkage analysis shows that at 25 C the cis proline, which already has a large fraction of 20% in the unfolded protein, increases to 50% in the folded state due to coupling with the global stability of the domain. The P405M or P405A substitutions eliminate heterogeneity due to proline isomerization but lead to the formation of a new dimeric species. The NMR structure of the dimer shows that it is formed through domain‐swapping of strand β5, the last segment of secondary structure following P405. The presence of P405 in WT‐HlyIIC strongly disfavors the dimer compared to the P405M‐HlyIIC or P405A‐HlyIIC mutants. The WT proline may thus act as a “gatekeeper,” warding off aggregative misfolding.
Adaptive dynamic optimal control for triggered networked switched systems under dual‐ended denial‐of‐service attacks
Authors: Qi Yiwen , Xing Ning , Fu Jun , Guan Wei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNetworked switched systems (NSSs) have unique advantages, but the unreliability of networks, such as suffering from attacks, will reduce system performance. Besides, the required control energy to stabilize systems is not considered in existing switching signal design methods, which is worthy of improvement. In this paper, an energy function‐based resilient triggered switching law (EFB‐RTSL) is proposed for NSSs under dual‐ended denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks and asynchronous switching. For the data communication under DoS attacks, a resilient switch‐triggering mechanism is designed that aims at reducing the unnecessary data transmission and the risk of switching signal being attacked. For the discontinuity of switching signal induced by DoS attacks, a combined structure of attacks‐triggered decision switch and buffer is constructed. Moreover, an integrated model is built to characterize the dual‐ended DoS attacks, and the maximum tolerance is given. The coupling between DoS attacking, synchronous, and asynchronous switching is clarified, which provides convenient conditions for stability analysis. Subsequently, the gains of subcontrollers are computed by a dynamic iterative algorithm. By utilizing the average dwell time and Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional technique, sufficient criteria are derived to ensure the stability of triggered NSSs when suffering from dual‐ended DoS attacks. At last, the effectiveness of proposed method is verified by a numerical simulation.
In Vivo Survival and Differentiation of Friedreich Ataxia iPSC-Derived Sensory Neurons Transplanted in the Adult Dorsal Root Ganglia
Authors: Viventi Serena , Frausin Stefano , Howden Sara E. , Lim Shiang Y. , Finol-Urdaneta Rocio K. , McArthur Jeffrey R. , Abu-Bonsrah Kwaku Dad , Ng Wayne , Ivanusic Jason , Thompson Lachlan , Dottori Mirella 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by degeneration of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) sensory neurons, which is due to low levels of the mitochondrial protein Frataxin. To explore cell replacement therapies as a possible approach to treat FRDA, we examined transplantation of sensory neural progenitors derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and FRDA induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) into adult rodent DRG regions. Our data showed survival and differentiation of hESC and FRDA iPSC-derived progenitors in the DRG 2 and 8 weeks post-transplantation, respectively. Donor cells expressed neuronal markers, including sensory and glial markers, demonstrating differentiation to these lineages. These results are novel and a highly significant first step in showing the possibility of using stem cells as a cell replacement therapy to treat DRG neurodegeneration in FRDA as well as other peripheral neuropathies.
Control of Proton‐Conductive Behavior with Nanoenvironment within Metal–Organic Materials
Authors: Otake Ken‐ichi , Kitagawa Hiroshi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSolid‐state proton‐conductive materials have been of great interest for several decades due to their promising application as electrolytes in fuel cells and electrochemical devices. Metal–organic materials (MOMs) have recently been intensively investigated as a new type of proton‐conductive materials. The highly crystalline nature and structural designability of MOMs make them advantageous over conventional noncrystalline proton‐conductive materials—the detailed investigation of the structure–property relationship is feasible on MOM‐based proton conductors. This review aims to summarize and examine the fundamental principles and various design strategies on proton‐conductive MOMs, and shed light on the nanoconfinement effects as well as the importance of hydrophobicity on specific occasions, which have been often disregarded. Besides, challenges and future prospects on this field are presented.
Defects in Hard Carbon: Where Are They Located and How Does the Location Affect Alkaline Metal Storage?
Authors: Olsson Emilia , Cottom Jonathon , Cai Qiong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHard carbon anodes have shown significant promise for next‐generation battery technologies. These nanoporous carbon materials are highly complex and vary in structure depending on synthesis method, precursors, and pyrolysis temperature. Structurally, hard carbons are shown to consist of disordered planar and curved motifs, which have a dramatic impact on anode performance. Here, the impact of position on defect formation energy is explored through density functional theory simulations, employing a mixed planar bulk and curved surface model. At defect sites close to the surface, a dramatic decrease (50%) in defect formation energy is observed for all defects except the nitrogen substitutional defect. These results confirm the experimentally observed enhanced defect concentration at surfaces. Previous studies have shown that defects have a marked impact on metal storage. This work explores the interplay between position and defect type for lithium, sodium, and potassium adsorption. Regardless of defect location, it is found that the energetic contributions to the metal adsorption energies are principally dictated by the defect type and carbon interlayer distance.
Extracellular vesicles derived from fibroblasts promote wound healing by optimizing fibroblast and endothelial cellular functions
Authors: Oh Eun Jung , Gangadaran Prakash , Rajendran Ramya Lakshmi , Kim Hyun Mi , Oh Ji Min , Choi Kang Young , Chung Ho Yun , Ahn Byeong-Cheol 
Published: March 2021

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) have been exhibited as promising candidates for delivering endogenous therapeutic cargos for regenerative therapies. Fibroblasts could be candidate source cells for EVs, to investigate their therapeutic effects in wound healing. Here we demonstrated the isolation and characterization of fibroblast-derived (L929 cell line) EVs (L929-EVs). Furthermore, L929-EVs treatment showed pro-wound healing effects in vitro by enhancing proliferation, migration, and scarless wound healing related genes in fibroblast cells. L929-EVs treatment also enhanced the migration and tube formation of endothelial cells. The combination of L929-EVs with fibrin glue accelerated wound healing in the mouse skin wound model by enhancing collagen formation, collagen maturation, and blood vessels in the wounded skin. The role of fibroblast-derived EVs in wound healing could be an important phenomenon, and fibroblast-derived EVs could be harnessed for wound healing therapies.
Satellite cell activation and retention of muscle regenerative potential after long-term denervation
Authors: Wong Alvin , Garcia Steven M. , Tamaki Stanley , Striedinger Katharine , Barruet Emilie , Hansen Scott L. , Young David M. , Pomerantz Jason H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Irreversible denervation atrophy remains an unsolved clinical problem, and the role of skeletal muscle stem cell (MuSC, satellite cell) depletion in this process is unclear. We investigated the ability of MuSCs to regenerate muscle in the context of denervation. Three to 12 months following sciatic denervation in mice, MuSC number, size, EdU uptake, rate of division, and mitochondrial activity were increased. Following acute myotoxin injury, denervated muscles formed new muscle fibers in situ. MuSCs isolated via flow cytometry from denervated mouse muscle, or from atrophic denervated gluteus maximus muscles of humans with complete spinal cord injuries two decades prior, formed new muscle fibers and reoccupied the anatomic niche after transplantation into uninjured muscle. Our results show unequivocally that, even after prolonged denervation, MuSCs retain intrinsic regenerative potential similar to that of uninjured MuSCs. Treatment of denervation atrophy will require elucidating the non-MuSC environmental changes in muscle that prevent functional regeneration.
Experimental study on seismic performance of precast hollow shear walls
Authors: Zhang Xin , Liu Xiangqian , Lu Zheng , Xu Jiarong 
Published: March 2021

SummaryThis paper puts forward a new type of the precast hollow shear wall. Focusing on seismic performance, the low‐frequency cyclic loading tests of five precast specimens and two cast‐in‐situ specimens in full size are conducted for comparison. The yielding and failure mechanism of specimens are analyzed and compared. The reliability of the vertical connection of precast hollow shear wall structure under the seismic effect is studied. The effects of axial compression ratio, single reinforcement connection in the central part, and confined stirrup for lapped reinforcements in boundary elements are also tested through experiments. The result shows that the failure mechanism of the precast specimen is basically same as the cast‐in‐situ specimen. The hysteretic curve of the precast specimen is plumper. And the energy dissipation capacity of precast specimen is superior to that of cast‐in‐situ specimen. In addition, the experimental data show that the buckled stirrup encryption for lapped steel in boundary elements will not increase the seismic performance of the proposed precast specimen. On the whole, the seismic performance of the proposed precast hollow shear wall can meet the safety requirements. Hence, it can be used in actual engineering project replacing cast‐in‐situ shear wall.