bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melian dialogue syndrome in the Indian Ocean: A critical appraisal of Sri Lanka’s “small state dilemma” in the context of Indo-Sino rivalry
Authors: Amarasinghe Punsara 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Sri Lanka’s foreign secretary’s statement indicating that Colombo would adopt “ India First” foreign policy appears to be a much-consoling phrase for the Indian diplomats. It is a fact beyond any dispute that New Delhi felt anxious about Sri Lanka’s extensive hobnobbing with China for years that has finally seen massive Chinese presence in the island nation. Given Sri Lanka’s strategic location in the Indian ocean as a crucial hub in the Indian ocean governance, Colombo’s relations with Beijing have always created a tense situation in India. However, the newly elected president of Sri Lanka Gotabaya Rajapaksa and his government’s novel approach to profess their foreign policy as India cantered doctrine raises some perplexity with the realpolitik caught by Sri Lanka. This paper seeks to examine the asymmetrical relationship that existed between Indian and Sri Lanka after the independence of both nations, wherein New Delhi used different means to carve Sri Lanka’s external relations for the best interests of India. Furthermore, this paper analyses the unequal position Sri Lanka has been facing as a small nation located near a ricing global power and how Sri Lanka struggles to balance both India and China in their rivalry in the Indian Ocean. The results emerge from this paper will reveal the impossibility of upholding neutrality for a small state before complex geopolitical power struggles.
Enumeration of weighted paths on a digraph and block hook determinant
Authors: Bera Sudip 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this article, we evaluate determinants of “block hook” matrices, which are block matrices consist of hook matrices. In particular, we deduce that the determinant of a block hook matrix factorizes nicely. In addition we give a combinatorial interpretation of the aforesaid factorization property by counting weighted paths in a suitable weighted digraph.
Graph isomorphism and Gaussian boson sampling
Authors: Brádler Kamil , Friedland Shmuel , Izaac Josh , Killoran Nathan , Su Daiqin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe introduce a connection between a near-term quantum computing device, specifically a Gaussian boson sampler, and the graph isomorphism problem. We propose a scheme where graphs are encoded into quantum states of light, whose properties are then probed with photon-number-resolving detectors. We prove that the probabilities of different photon-detection events in this setup can be combined to give a complete set of graph invariants. Two graphs are isomorphic if and only if their detection probabilities are equivalent. We present additional ways that the measurement probabilities can be combined or coarse-grained to make experimental tests more amenable. We benchmark these methods with numerical simulations on the Titan supercomputer for several graph families: pairs of isospectral nonisomorphic graphs, isospectral regular graphs, and strongly regular graphs.
Study on free throws in the romanian men’s national league of basketball
Authors: Ionescu Dan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The increasingly frequent use of computers in analyzing the game of basketball, offers the advantage of a fast analysis of a player’s or a team’s performance, one free of mathematical errors. The following study focuses on analyzing the free throws in the Men’s National League of Basketball, emphasizing those features that can make the difference between the champion team and the other participants.Thus, starting from the hypothesis that the team on the first place must be the team with the lowest average of the free throws of the visiting teams, this study would like to point out the number of free throws that were given to the host teams and to the guest teams. Other aspects that have been analyzed in this paper include the percentage of scored points in free throws, the percentage of free throws for teams participating in the LNBM (Men’s National Basketball League) and the teams that have benefited from the most free throws, so that the data obtained can provide coaches with a series of useful information for future preparation.
Receptor-mediated biological effects of extracts obtained from three Asplenium species
Authors: Petkov Venelin H. , Ardasheva Raina G. , Prissadova Natalia A. , Kristev Athanas D. , Stoyanov Plamen S. , Argirova Mariana D. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study reports the effects of aqueous extracts obtained from three fern species of Bulgarian origin: Asplenium ceterach L., Asplenium scolopendrium L., and Asplenium trichomanes L. on the contractility and bioelectrogenesis of rat gastric smooth muscle tissues. In the concentration range 0.015–0.150 mg/mL the three extracts contracted smooth muscle tissues in a concentration-dependent manner. The contractions caused by A. ceterach L. and A. scolopendrium L. extracts (0.150 mg/mL) were reduced by ketanserin (5 × 10−7 and 5 × 10−6 mol/L), an antagonist of serotonin 5-HT2 receptor. The contraction evoked by A. trichomanes L. (0.150 mg/mL) was significantly reduced by 1 × 10−6 mol/L atropine, an antagonist of muscarinic receptors, and turned into relaxation against the background of 3 × 10−7 mol/L galantamine. After combined pretreatment with galantamine and l-arginine (5 × 10−4 mol/L), this relaxation become more pronounced. The study demonstrates that constituents of A. ceterach L. and A. scolopendrium L. extracts act as agonists of 5-HT2 receptors and cause contraction by activating serotonergic signaling system. A. trichomanes L.-induced reaction is an additive result of two opposite-in-character effects. The dominant contraction is initiated by inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity. The relaxation develops with pre-inhibited acetylcholinesterase, it is significantly potentiated by l-arginine, and therefore associated with nitrergic signaling pathway.
Polygenic risk scores: effect estimation and model optimization
Authors: Zhao Zijie , Song Jie , Wang Tuo , Lu Qiongshi 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundPolygenic risk score (PRS) derived from summary statistics of genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) is a useful tool to infer an individual’s genetic risk for health outcomes and has gained increasing popularity in human genetics research. PRS in its simplest form enjoys both computational efficiency and easy accessibility, yet the predictive performance of PRS remains moderate for diseases and traits.ResultsWe provide an overview of recent advances in statistical methods to improve PRS’s performance by incorporating information from linkage disequilibrium, functional annotation, and pleiotropy. We also introduce model validation methods that fine‐tune PRS using GWAS summary statistics.ConclusionIn this review, we showcase methodological advances and current limitations of PRS, and discuss several emerging issues in risk prediction research.
Diagnostic Stewardship of Endotracheal Aspirate Cultures in a PICU
Authors: Sick-Samuels Anna C. , Linz Matthew , Bergmann Jules , Fackler James C. , Berenholtz Sean M. , Ralston Shawn L. , Hoops Katherine , Dwyer Joe , Colantuoni Elizabeth , Milstone Aaron M. 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND:
Clinicians commonly obtain endotracheal aspirate cultures (EACs) in the evaluation of suspected ventilator-associated infections. However, bacterial growth in EACs does not distinguish bacterial colonization from infection and may lead to overtreatment with antibiotics. We describe the development and impact of a clinical decision support algorithm to standardize the use of EACs from ventilated PICU patients.

METHODS:
We monitored EAC use using a statistical process control chart. We compared the rate of EACs using Poisson regression and a quasi-experimental interrupted time series model and assessed clinical outcomes 1 year before and after introduction of the algorithm.

RESULTS:
In the preintervention year, there were 557 EACs over 5092 ventilator days; after introduction of the algorithm, there were 234 EACs over 3654 ventilator days (an incident rate of 10.9 vs 6.5 per 100 ventilator days). There was a 41% decrease in the monthly rate of EACs (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.51–0.67; P &lt; .001). The interrupted time series model revealed a preexisting 2% decline in the monthly culture rate (IRR: 0.98; 95% CI 0.97–1.0; P = .01), immediate 44% drop (IRR: 0.56; 95% CI 0.45–0.70; P = .02), and stable rate in the postintervention year (IRR: 1.03; 95% CI 0.99–1.07; P = .09). In-hospital mortality, hospital length of stay, 7-day readmissions, and All Patients Refined Diagnosis Related Group severity and mortality scores were stable. The estimated direct cost savings was $26 000 per year.

CONCLUSIONS:
A clinical decision support algorithm standardizing EAC obtainment from ventilated PICU patients was associated with a sustained decline in the rate of EACs, without changes in mortality, readmissions, or length of stay.
Depredación masiva por Acanthaster planci en el arrecife El Corralito, golfo de California: amenaza a corto plazo
Authors: Rodríguez-Villalobos Jenny-Carolina , Ayala-Bocos Arturo 
Published: April 2021

ntroducción: una de las amenazas actuales para los arrecifes de coral es la pérdida de cobertura de coral vivo. La depredación masiva asociada con los brotes poblaciones de la estrella corona de espinas, amenaza la permanencia de los arrecifes. Desde 2017, ha habido evidencia de un incremento en la densidad de el asteroideo y de un incremento en la mortalidad coralina en el sur del golfo de California. Objetivo: describir el primer evento de depredación sobre corales por Acanthaster planci en la isla Espíritu Santo, golfo de California, México. Métodos: visitamos el arrecife El Corralito nueve veces entre 2017 y 2019, realizando censos visuales en transectos errantes y de banda (25 x 3m) para determinar la densidad de la estrella, su comportamiento y daño. Monitoreamos la depredación sobre las colonias de Pavona gigantea durante siete meses. Resultados: la densidad promedio de individuos en El Corralito en 2018-19 fue 607.40 ind/ha. La depredación del asteoroideo fue evidente en más del 60% de los individuos diagnosticados (N=827), con las afectaciones más grandes en las colonias de P. gigantea (80%). El 63% de los 129 de los individuos del asteroideo observados estaban alimentándose principalmente sobre Porites panamensis (68% de los casos). Las lesiones agudas indican que el evento de depredación está activo. En 81 días, se perdieron 25m 2 de una de las colonias monitoreadas. Conclusiones: Existe un evento de brote poblacional activo con consecuencias negativas significativas sobre el arrecife El Corralito, el cual puede ocasionar pérdida de cobertura de coral en pocos meses. El monitoreo y el manejo son necesarios para establecer las razones que llevaron a brote poblacional y para controlarlo.
Impact of grain germination on in vitro antioxidative properties, nutrients digestibility, and functional attributes of brown rice flour
Authors: Singh A. , Sharma S. , Gupta A. , Singh B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBrown rice was germinated for different times (12, 24, 36, and 48 h) at different temperatures (25, 30, and 35 °C) with the aim to improve the in vitro digestibility and antioxidant potential of the flour made from it. Results showed that increase in germination time and temperature increased in vitro digestibility of starch and protein during germination of brown rice owing to depolymerisation of starch and protein molecules by enzymatic activity. After germination under varying conditions, antioxidant activity increased from 50.19 to 95.58%, total phenolic and flavonoid contents from 0.88 to 2.02 mg GAE/g and 34.06–62.94 mg QE/100g, respectively. Germination at elevated temperature (35 °C) for prolonged time (48 h) also increased the reducing power by 60.49% and metal chelating activity by 114.50% as a result of structural breakdown of bound phenolics. Increased activity of hydrolytic enzymes with progress in the germination time and temperature also results in continuous reduction in the pasting properties and lightness values (L), while increasing a* and b* values of the flour of germinated brown rice. Tailored germination, therefore, can be offered as a tool to increase nutrient digestibility and bioactive potential of brown rice as compared to non-germinated brown rice, thus, producing naturally modified flour with enhanced functionality.
A highly-detailed anatomical study of normal pericardial structures as revealed by in-vivo computed tomography and magnetic resonance images and ex-vivo novel 3D reconstructions from Visible Human Server
Authors: Mantini Cesare , Corradi Francesco , Mastrodicasa Domenico , Procaccini Luca , Olivieri Marzia , Ricci Fabrizio , Cademartiri Filippo , Caulo Massimo , De Caterina Raffaele 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe pericardial cavity, sinuses, and recesses are frequently depicted on Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance (MR).We here review the normal human pericardial structures as provided by MR imaging of young, healthy subject and CT scans acquired after iatrogenic coronary dissection. We compared such radiological information with cadaveric axial and sagittal sections of the human body provided by the Visible Human Server (VHS), Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lousanne (EPFL), Switzerland.
An application of filtered back projection method for computed tomography images
Authors: Özge Onur Tuğba 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMathematical methods take an important part in reconstruction technologies of radiographic image. Back projection, iterative, and analytical (Two-dimensional Fourier, Filtered Back Projection) methods are the most important procedures for image reconstruction. Whenever there exists numerous projections, analytical methods have a great performance in speed and accuracy and due to these advantages they are comprehensively used for X-ray imaging. One of the widespread used methods in tomographic image reconstruction is Filtered Back Projection (FBP) algorithm. This paper presents an application of this reconstruction algorithm for a generated image of the object. Shepp-Logan filter is used to form the filtered back projection image and performance improvement is investigated. The obtained images indicate that FBP algorithm can be substantial for various applications in the field of medicine and industry.
Dynamic electroneurostimulation in the prevention of broncho-pulmonary complications with children of the first year of life suffering from congenital heart diseases in the early post-operating period
Authors: Pnjoyan Artavazd A. , Borzunova Yuliya M. , Fedorov Andrey A. , Negodaeva Elena V. 
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the use of dynamic electronic neurostimulation as a means of preventing broncho-pulmonary complications with children of the first year of life with congenital heart disease in the early postoperative period.
Material and methods. There have been observed 82 children operated on congenital heart disease at an average age of 7.6 2.0 months old. By simple randomization, the patients were divided into two groups. Children who received the dynamic electronic neurostimulation procedure from the first day against the background of basic drug therapy were in the 1st group (40 people). The 2nd group (42 people) included patients who were treated only with basic medication.
Results. The result analysis of the study showed a statistically significant effect in the use of dynamic electronic neurostimulation compared to the control group. By evaluating the length of the patients stay in hospital after the operative treatment, significant differences have also been obtained. Thus, the patients in the control group stayed in the unit for an average of 14.6 0.3 days, while the patients in the group where dynamic electronic neurostimulation was used in combination with basic therapy had a hospitalization period of 13.4 0.4 days (p 0.05). The use of DENS allowed to reduce the frequency of complications associated with the bronchopulmonary system starting from 34 days of the postoperative period. Thus, in the control group, 5 (11%) children showed pneumonia, 13 (30%) showed atelectasis or dystelectasis, 23 (55%) showed tracheobronchitis, while in the main group 2 (5%), 6 (15%) and 11 (27.5%) children, respectively.
Conclusion. The obtained results of the work show the expediency of including dynamic electronic neurostimulation in the complex of medical and rehabilitation measures in early post-operative period with infants suffering from congenital heart disease.
Efficacy of complex medical rehabilitation of employees of special squads with the autonomic dysfunction of the cardiovascular system
Authors: Godilo-Godlevsky Victor A. , Ganishev Andrey V. , Voropaev Alexei А. 
Published: April 2021

Relevance. Vegetative dysfunctions of the cardiovascular system are an actual pathology among the employees of the special agent, while vegetative disorders are not severe. In diagnostics, simple physical methods for estimating are effective, the results of which correlate with the data of instrumental survey. Aticle is devoted to the question of comparing the effectiveness of various schemes of medical rehabilitation of employees of the special agent having manifestations of autonomic dysfunction of the cardiovascular system at the stationary stage. The methods of traditional rehabilitation with the use of physical methods and methods, including complex effects of physical, psychotherapeutic and medicinal methods were compared. It is shown that the complex rehabilitation of the special component. In provides the best performance recovery in the short term and ensures the preservation of good indicators of tolerability of professional factors in the long term.
Purpose. Study the effectiveness of various schemes of medical rehabilitation of employees of the special agent having manifestations of autonomic dysfunction of the cardiovascular system
Material and methods. Study was conducted in a group of 60 employees who underwent medical rehabilitation and examination of temporary disability at the centers for medical rehabilitation of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia after performing special tasks in 20122013.
Results. It is shown that complex rehabilitation of a special component C in C provides the best indicators of recovery of working capacity at the short-term stage and ensures the preservation of good indicators of tolerability of professional factors in the long-term period.
Conclusions. The results obtained show significant advantages of conducting comprehensive medical rehabilitation of employees after performing special tasks, both immediately after their implementation, and in achieving stable remission in the long term, ensuring the retention of qualified and experienced employees and prolonging professional longevity.
German Seismic and Infrasound Networks Contributing to the European Integrated Data Archive (EIDA)
Authors: Stammler Klaus , Bischoff Monika , Brüstle Andrea , Ceranna Lars , Donner Stefanie , Fischer Kasper , Gaebler Peter , Friederich Wolfgang , Funke Sigward , Hartmann Gernot , Homuth Benjamin , Knapmeyer-Endrun Brigitte , Korn Michael , Megies Tobias , Pilger Christoph , Plenefisch Thomas , Pustal Ina , Rappsilber Ivo , Schmidt Bernd , Sonnabend Lutz , Stange Stefan , Wassermann Joachim , Wegler Ulrich 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Germany has a long history in seismic instrumentation. The installation of the first station sites was initiated in those regions with seismic activity. Later on, with an increasing need for seismic hazard assessment, seismological state services were established over the course of several decades, using heterogeneous technology. In parallel, scientific research and international cooperation projects triggered the establishment of institutional and nationwide networks and arrays also focusing on topics other than monitoring local or regional areas, such as recording global seismicity or verification of the compliance with the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. At each of the observatories and data centers, an extensive analysis of the recordings is performed providing high-level data products, for example, earthquake catalogs, as a base for supporting state or federal authorities, to inform the public on topics related to seismology, and for information transfer to international institutions. These data products are usually also accessible at websites of the responsible organizations. The establishment of the European Integrated Data Archive (EIDA) led to a consolidation of existing waveform data exchange mechanisms and their definition as standards in Europe, along with a harmonization of the applied data quality assurance procedures. In Germany, the German Regional Seismic Network as national backbone network and the state networks of Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia, and Bavaria spearheaded the national contributions to EIDA. The benefits of EIDA are attracting additional state and university networks, which are about to join the EIDA community now.
Monitoring Icequakes in East Antarctica with the Raspberry Shake
Authors: Winter Kate , Lombardi Denis , Diaz-Moreno Alejandro , Bainbridge Rupert 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We evaluate the performance of the low-cost seismic sensor Raspberry Shake (RS) to identify and monitor icequakes (which occur when glacial ice experiences brittle deformation) in extreme environments. In January 2020, three RS3D sensors were installed on a katabatic wind-scoured blue ice area (BIA) close to the Princess Elisabeth Antarctica research station in Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. The sensors were configured for Antarctic deployment and placed in insulated enclosures to protect them from harsh weather systems. The RS network (installed in a triangular array) performed well in the cold and with rapid air temperature change, as diurnal temperatures fluctuated from a high of 0.0°C to a minimum temperature of −15.0°C. Although battery connectivity issues in one unit limit full triangulation of seismic signals, and high background noise may mask some seismic signals, data from the RS2 unit reveals that 2936 icequakes were detected over a 10-day period. The temporal occurrence of these icequakes, combined with satellite-derived surface temperature measurements and automatic weather station data, suggest that diurnal fluctuations in solar radiation control ice surface temperature changes, driving thermal contraction of the ice. Seismic investigations like these can therefore provide information on the thermal state and ice fracture mechanics of ablation zones such as BIAs. Our work highlights the potential application of the RS (after minimal modification) in glaciated environments where equipment often needs to be portable, temporary and lightweight, and able to perform in extreme weather conditions.