bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The application of the tracer method with peer observation and formative feedback for professional development in clinical practice: a&nbsp;scoping review
Authors: Steenbruggen Rudi A. , Maas Marjo J. M. , Hoogeboom Thomas J. , Brand Paul L. P. , Van der Wees Philip J. 
Published: November 2021

Introduction The tracer method, commonly used for quality assessment, can also be used as a tool for peer observation and formative feedback on professional development. This scoping review describes how, by whom, and with what effect the tracer method is applied as a formative professional development instrument between healthcare professionals of equal status and aims to identify the types of scientific evidence for this use of the tracer method.
Methods The authors searched four electronic databases for eligible articles, which were screened and assessed for eligibility by two independent researchers. From eligible studies, data were extracted to summarize, collate, and make a narrative account of the findings.
Results The electronic search yielded 1757 unique studies, eight of which were included as valid and relevant to our aim: five qualitative, two mixed methods, and one quantitative study. Seven studies took place in hospitals and one in general practice. The tracer method was used mainly as a form of peer observation and formative feedback. Most studies evaluated the tracer method’s feasibility and its impact on professional development. All but one study reported positive effects: participants described the tracer method generally as being valuable and worth continuing.
Discussion Although the body of evidence is small and largely limited to the hospital setting, using the tracer method for peer observation and formative feedback between healthcare professionals of equal status appears sufficiently useful to merit further rigorous evaluation and implementation in continuous professional development in healthcare.
On the uniqueness of a suitable weak solution to the Navier–Stokes Cauchy problem
Authors: Crispo Francesca , Maremonti Paolo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe paper is concerned with the Navier–Stokes Cauchy problem. We investigate on some results of regularity and uniqueness related to suitable weak solutions corresponding to a special set of initial data. The suitable weak solution notion is meant in the sense introduced by Caffarelli–Kohn–Nirenberg. As further result we discuss the uniqueness of a set of suitable weak solutions (wider than the previous one) enjoying a “Prodi–Serrin” condition which is “relaxed” in space.
The Keller–Segel system on bounded convex domains in critical spaces
Authors: Hieber Matthias , Kress Klaus , Stinner Christian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractConsider the classical Keller–Segel system on a bounded convex domain $$\varOmega \subset {\mathbb {R}}^3$$

Ω
⊂

R

3

. In contrast to previous works it is not assumed that the boundary of $$\varOmega $$
Ω
is smooth. It is shown that this system admits a local, strong solution for initial data in critical spaces which extends to a global one provided the data are small enough in this critical norm. Furthermore, it is shown that this system admits for given T-periodic and sufficiently small forcing functions a unique, strong T-time periodic solution.
Solving high-dimensional Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman PDEs using neural networks: perspectives from the theory of controlled diffusions and measures on path space
Authors: Nüsken Nikolas , Richter Lorenz 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOptimal control of diffusion processes is intimately connected to the problem of solving certain Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equations. Building on recent machine learning inspired approaches towards high-dimensional PDEs, we investigate the potential of iterative diffusion optimisation techniques, in particular considering applications in importance sampling and rare event simulation, and focusing on problems without diffusion control, with linearly controlled drift and running costs that depend quadratically on the control. More generally, our methods apply to nonlinear parabolic PDEs with a certain shift invariance. The choice of an appropriate loss function being a central element in the algorithmic design, we develop a principled framework based on divergences between path measures, encompassing various existing methods. Motivated by connections to forward-backward SDEs, we propose and study the novel log-variance divergence, showing favourable properties of corresponding Monte Carlo estimators. The promise of the developed approach is exemplified by a range of high-dimensional and metastable numerical examples.
Innovation crisis in the pharmaceutical industry? A survey
Authors: Laermann-Nguyen Ute , Backfisch Martin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the literature, it is widely discussed whether the pharmaceutical industry is going through an innovation crisis. Unfortunately, no comprehensive review exists to date that outlines the main empirical findings. In this paper, we provide an extensive survey on what is currently known about the crisis and its reasons. The empirical evidence shows that project success rates decreased over time, while attrition rates, development times, and the costs per new drug increased. The reasons for these developments are quite complex. The crisis seems to have largely technological causes. The enormous scientific progress in biotechnology and related disciplines has increased the opportunities to treat diseases, but the firms have difficulties transforming these advances into new and effective medicines. More basic research is necessary and the links between science and industry should be strengthened. Some measures have recently been taken to better adapt the approval process to current developments. However, the persistently high number of consolidations in the industry seems to have largely detrimental effects.
Introduction: “Be Bold”: The Legacy of John R. Lewis
Authors: Bobinski Mary Anne 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis essay introduces the roundtable, “John R. Lewis's Legacies in Law and Religion.” A civil rights icon and long-standing US congressman representing Georgia's Fifth Congressional District, Lewis was often described as the moral conscience of the US Congress and the nation. The essays in this roundtable explore the many facets of Lewis's moral leadership, with particular attention to his influence on law and religion. This roundtable is a testament to what it means to speak up, speak out, and be bold in defense of justice.
Willingness to Pay for Wine Bullshit: Some New Estimates
Authors: Capehart Kevin W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs part of a classic article in this journal, Richard Quandt identified 123 wine descriptors that he deemed to be bullshit. In this paper, I examine whether wine consumers are willing to pay any more (or less) for wine if it is described by one of those “bullshit” descriptors. I use three methods to examine that. The first method involves applying a hedonic regression to a dataset of prices and expert descriptions for about 50,000 wines. The second method involves applying a matching estimator to the same dataset. The third method involves a stated-preference survey of about 500 wine consumers. The three methods suggest that for most of the descriptors Quandt deemed to be bullshit, most consumers’ marginal willingness to pay for a descriptor is zero or near-zero. Yet, for some of the descriptors, some consumers do seem to have a non-zero marginal willingness to pay, perhaps because the descriptors shape a consumer's subjective experience or because they signal objective aspects of wine. (JEL Classifications: D12, D83, L66)
Low accuracy of 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging in identification of the bony defect in patients with superior semi-circular canal dehiscence syndrome: case–control study
Authors: Jaiswal V , Fenlon C , McLaughlin I , McCrea I , Kontorinis G 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the accuracy of 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging in identifying the bony defect in superior semi-circular canal dehiscence syndrome.MethodsA retrospective case–control study was conducted in tertiary university settings. The study included 12 patients with a definite diagnosis of superior semi-circular canal dehiscence syndrome and a control group comprising 12 non-superior semi-circular canal dehiscence syndrome patients, all with available magnetic resonance imaging data. The imaging scans were anonymised, and reviewed blindly and independently by three experienced radiologists.ResultsThere was low sensitivity and specificity, with average values of 47 per cent (range, 16.7–66.7 per cent) and 69 per cent (range, 66.7–75 per cent) respectively. Cohen's kappa was 0.75, indicating substantial inter-rater reliability.ConclusionGiven the low accuracy of 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging in identifying the bony defect in superior semi-circular canal dehiscence syndrome, despite its value in inner-ear imaging, computed tomography or equivalent should be used when superior semi-circular canal dehiscence syndrome is suspected.
Opposing Effects of Climate and Permafrost Thaw on CH4 and CO2 Emissions From Northern Lakes
Authors: Kuhn McKenzie A. , Thompson Lauren M. , Winder Johanna C. , Braga Lucas P. P. , Tanentzap Andrew J. , Bastviken David , Olefeldt David 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSmall, organic‐rich lakes are important sources of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere, yet the sensitivity of emissions to climate warming is poorly constrained and potentially influenced by permafrost thaw. Here, we monitored emissions from 20 peatland lakes across a 1,600 km permafrost transect in boreal western Canada. Contrary to expectations, we observed a shift from source to sink of CO2 for lakes warmer regions, driven by greater primary productivity associated with greater hydrological connectivity to lakes and nutrient availability in the absence of permafrost. Conversely, an 8‐fold increase in CH4 emissions in warmer regions was associated with water temperature and shifts in microbial communities and dominant anaerobic processes. Our results suggest that the net radiative forcing from altered greenhouse gas emissions of northern peatland lakes this century will be dominated by increasing CH4 emissions and only partially offset by reduced CO2 emissions.
Elongated Giant Seabed Polygons and Underlying Polygonal Faults as Indicators of the Creep Deformation of Pliocene to Recent Sediments in the Grenada Basin, Caribbean Sea
Authors: Gay A. , Padron C. , Meyer S. , Beaufort D. , Oliot E. , Lallemand S. , Marcaillou B. , Philippon M. , Cornée J‐J. , Audemard F. , Lebrun J‐F. , Klingelhoefer F. , Mercier de Lepinay B. , Münch P. , Garrocq C. , Boucard M. , Schenini L. ,   the GARANTI cruise team
Published: November 2021

AbstractBased on 2D seismic profiles, multibeam and seabed grab cores acquired during the Garanti cruise in 2017, 1–5 km wide seabed giant polygons were identified in the Grenada basin, covering a total area of ∼55,000 km2, which is the largest area of outcropping polygonal faults (PF) ever found on Earth so far. They represent the top part of an active 700–1,200 m thick underlying polygonal fault system (PFS) formed due to the volumetric contraction of clay‐ and smectite‐rich sediments, initiated in the sub‐surface at the transition between the Early to Middle Pliocene. The short axes of the best‐fit ellipses obtained from a graphical center‐to‐center method were interpreted as the local orientation of a preferential contraction perpendicular to the creep deformation of slope sediments. In the North Grenada Basin, the polygons are relatively regular, but their short axes seem to be parallel to a N40°E extension recently evidenced in the forearc, possibly extending in the backarc, but not shown in the study area. They are most probably related to a progressive burial due to a homogeneous subsidence. In the South Grenada Basin, the polygons are more elongated and their axes are progressively rotating southeastward toward the depocenter, indicating a creep deformation toward the center of the basin created by a differential subsidence. Seabed polygons and underlying PF could thus be indicative of the deformation regime of shallow sediments related to main slopes controlled by two different basin architectures.
Bounce Resonance Scattering of Radiation Belt Energetic Electrons by Extremely Low‐Frequency Chorus Waves
Authors: Guo Deyu , Xiang Zheng , Ni Binbin , Cao Xing , Fu Song , Zhou Ruoxian , Gu Xudong , Yi Juan , Guo Yingjie , Jiao Luhuai 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBounce‐resonant diffusion coefficients of radiation belt energetic electrons induced by extremely low‐frequency (ELF) chorus waves are comprehensively evaluated using Van Allen Probes observations on December 22, 2014. ELF chorus waves can efficiently scatter 85° < eq < 89° electrons with bounce resonance pitch angle scattering rates above 10−4/s and energy scattering rates above 10−7/s. By comparing diffusion coefficients due to bounce resonance with those due to cyclotron and Landau resonances, we found that bounce resonance diffusion rates have slight energy dependence for >100 keV electrons while Landau‐resonant scattering rates decrease significantly in the MeV energy range. These findings suggest that bounce resonances by ELF chorus waves have potentially significant contributions to the dynamics of energetic electrons and should be considered in the further modeling of Earth's radiation belts.
Key signaling networks are dysregulated in patients with the adipose tissue disorder, lipedema
Authors: Ishaq Musarat , Bandara Nadeeka , Morgan Steven , Nowell Cameron , Mehdi Ahmad M. , Lyu Ruqian , McCarthy Davis , Anderson Dovile , Creek Darren J. , Achen Marc G. , Shayan Ramin , Karnezis Tara 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Lipedema, a poorly understood chronic disease of adipose hyper-deposition, is often mistaken for obesity and causes significant impairment to mobility and quality-of-life. To identify molecular mechanisms underpinning lipedema, we employed comprehensive omics-based comparative analyses of whole tissue, adipocyte precursors (adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs)), and adipocytes from patients with or without lipedema.

Methods
We compared whole-tissues, ADSCs, and adipocytes from body mass index–matched lipedema (n = 14) and unaffected (n = 10) patients using comprehensive global lipidomic and metabolomic analyses, transcriptional profiling, and functional assays.

Results
Transcriptional profiling revealed >4400 significant differences in lipedema tissue, with altered levels of mRNAs involved in critical signaling and cell function-regulating pathways (e.g., lipid metabolism and cell-cycle/proliferation). Functional assays showed accelerated ADSC proliferation and differentiation in lipedema. Profiling lipedema adipocytes revealed >900 changes in lipid composition and >600 differentially altered metabolites. Transcriptional profiling of lipedema ADSCs and non-lipedema ADSCs revealed significant differential expression of >3400 genes including some involved in extracellular matrix and cell-cycle/proliferation signaling pathways. One upregulated gene in lipedema ADSCs, Bub1, encodes a cell-cycle regulator, central to the kinetochore complex, which regulates several histone proteins involved in cell proliferation. Downstream signaling analysis of lipedema ADSCs demonstrated enhanced activation of histone H2A, a key cell proliferation driver and Bub1 target. Critically, hyperproliferation exhibited by lipedema ADSCs was inhibited by the small molecule Bub1 inhibitor 2OH-BNPP1 and by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Bub1 gene depletion.

Conclusion
We found significant differences in gene expression, and lipid and metabolite profiles, in tissue, ADSCs, and adipocytes from lipedema patients compared to non-affected controls. Functional assays demonstrated that dysregulated Bub1 signaling drives increased proliferation of lipedema ADSCs, suggesting a potential mechanism for enhanced adipogenesis in lipedema. Importantly, our characterization of signaling networks driving lipedema identifies potential molecular targets, including Bub1, for novel lipedema therapeutics.
Nd:YAG capsulotomy incidence associated with five different single-piece monofocal intraocular lenses: a 3-year Spanish real-world evidence study of 8293 eyes
Authors: Belda José I. , Dabán Javier Placeres , Elvira Juan Carlos , O’Boyle Derek , Puig Xavier , Pérez-Vives Caridad , Zou Ming , Sun Shaohui 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the associations between different single-piece monofocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) and neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser (Nd:YAG) capsulotomy incidence 3 years after cataract surgery in a Spanish cohort.

Methods
This is a longitudinal retrospective cohort study. Data were extracted from the electronic medical records of two large regional hospitals in Spain. Patients aged ≥65 years receiving cataract surgery with placement of five different IOLs and with ≥6 months of baseline data were included. We report the Nd:YAG capsulotomy incidence 3 years post cataract surgery, and the survival plot over the 3 years of follow-up time. The associated adjusted (age, gender, and diabetic retinopathy) multivariate analysis with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs is also presented.

Results
The cohort (53% female, mean age 75 ± 5.9 years) included 14,519 eyes (Alcon AcrySof = 2968, AJL LLASY60 = 1776, Medicontur Bi-flex = 5176, Zeiss Asphina = 4478, and IOL Tech Stabibag = 121). Of these, 8293 were retained until 3-year follow-up. At 3 years after cataract surgery, the Nd:YAG capsulotomy incidence was 5% for Alcon AcrySof, while it ranged from 21.2% to 31.1% for the other IOLs (p < 0.0001 for each comparison). The odds for Nd:YAG capsulotomy were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) for other IOLs compared with those of Alcon AcrySof (ORs = 8.85, 5.86, 5.74, 5.21 for AJL LLASY60, Medicontur Bi-flex, IOL Tech Stabibag, and Zeiss Asphina, respectively).

Conclusions
The lower Nd:YAG capsulotomy rates for Alcon AcrySof IOLs compared to the other IOLs support the importance of lens choice in reducing patient burden and treatment costs.
String Phase in an Artificial Spin Ice
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Duzgun Ayhan , Lao Yuyang , Subzwari Shayaan , Bingham Nicholas S. , Sklenar Joseph , Saglam Hilal , Ramberger Justin , Batley Joseph T. , Watts Justin D. , Bromley Daniel , Chopdekar Rajesh V. , O’Brien Liam , Leighton Chris , Nisoli Cristiano , Schiffer Peter 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOne-dimensional strings of local excitations are a fascinating feature of the physical behavior of strongly correlated topological quantum matter. Here we study strings of local excitations in a classical system of interacting nanomagnets, the Santa Fe Ice geometry of artificial spin ice. We measured the moment configuration of the nanomagnets, both after annealing near the ferromagnetic Curie point and in a thermally dynamic state. While the Santa Fe Ice lattice structure is complex, we demonstrate that its disordered magnetic state is naturally described within a framework of emergent strings. We show experimentally that the string length follows a simple Boltzmann distribution with an energy scale that is associated with the system’s magnetic interactions and is consistent with theoretical predictions. The results demonstrate that string descriptions and associated topological characteristics are not unique to quantum models but can also provide a simplifying description of complex classical systems with non-trivial frustration.
Deciphering cell lineage specification of human lung adenocarcinoma with single-cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Wang Zhoufeng , Li Zhe , Zhou Kun , Wang Chengdi , Jiang Lili , Zhang Li , Yang Ying , Luo Wenxin , Qiao Wenliang , Wang Gang , Ni Yinyun , Dai Shuiping , Guo Tingting , Ji Guiyi , Xu Minjie , Liu Yiying , Su Zhixi , Che Guowei , Li Weimin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) arise from precancerous lesions such as atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, which progress into adenocarcinoma in situ and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, then finally into invasive adenocarcinoma. The cellular heterogeneity and molecular events underlying this stepwise progression remain unclear. In this study, we perform single-cell RNA sequencing of 268,471 cells collected from 25 patients in four histologic stages of LUAD and compare them to normal cell types. We detect a group of cells closely resembling alveolar type 2 cells (AT2) that emerged during atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and whose transcriptional profile began to diverge from that of AT2 cells as LUAD progressed, taking on feature characteristic of stem-like cells. We identify genes related to energy metabolism and ribosome synthesis that are upregulated in early stages of LUAD and may promote progression. MDK and TIMP1 could be potential biomarkers for understanding LUAD pathogenesis. Our work shed light on the underlying transcriptional signatures of distinct histologic stages of LUAD progression and our findings may facilitate early diagnosis.
Evidence for spin current driven Bose-Einstein condensation of magnons
Authors: Divinskiy B. , Merbouche H. , Demidov V. E. , Nikolaev K. O. , Soumah L. , Gouéré D. , Lebrun R. , Cros V. , Youssef Jamal Ben , Bortolotti P. , Anane A. , Demokritov S. O. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe quanta of magnetic excitations – magnons – are known for their unique ability to undergo Bose-Einstein condensation at room temperature. This fascinating phenomenon reveals itself as a spontaneous formation of a coherent state under the influence of incoherent stimuli. Spin currents have been predicted to offer electronic control of Bose-Einstein condensates, but this phenomenon has not been experimentally evidenced up to now. Here we show that current-driven Bose-Einstein condensation can be achieved in nanometer-thick films of magnetic insulators with tailored nonlinearities and minimized magnon interactions. We demonstrate that, above a certain threshold, magnons injected by the spin current overpopulate the lowest-energy level forming a highly coherent spatially extended state. We quantify the chemical potential of the driven magnon gas and show that, at the critical current, it reaches the energy of the lowest magnon level. Our results pave the way for implementation of integrated microscopic quantum magnonic and spintronic devices.
Structural ceramic batteries using an earth-abundant inorganic waterglass binder
Authors: Ransil Alan , Belcher Angela M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSodium trisilicate waterglass is an earth-abundant inorganic adhesive which binds to diverse materials and exhibits extreme chemical and temperature stability. Here we demonstrate the use of this material as an electrode binder in a lay-up based manufacturing system to produce structural batteries. While conventional binders for structural batteries exhibit a trade-off between mechanical and electrochemical performance, the waterglass binder is rigid, adhesive, and facilitates ion transport. The bulk binder maintains a Young’s modulus of >50 GPa in the presence of electrolyte solvent while waterglass-based electrodes have high rate capability and stable discharge capacity over hundreds of electrochemical cycles. The temperature stability of the binder enables heat treatment of the full cell stack following lay-up shaping in order to produce a rigid, load-bearing part. The resulting structural batteries exhibit impressive multifunctional performance with a package free cell stack-level energy density of 93.9 Wh/kg greatly surpassing previously published structural battery materials, and a tensile modulus of 1.4 GPa.