bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust, data-driven bioregionalizations emerge from diversity concordance
Authors: Montalvo-Mancheno Cristian S. , Buettel Jessie C. , Ondei Stefania , Brook Barry W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimDespite the increasing interest in developing new bioregionalizations and assessing the most widely accepted biogeographic frameworks, no study to date has sought to systematically define a system of small bioregions nested within larger ones that better reflect the distribution and patterns of biodiversity. Here, we examine how an algorithmic, data-driven model of diversity patterns can lead to an ecologically interpretable hierarchy of bioregions.LocationAustralia.Time periodPresent.Major taxa studiedTerrestrial vertebrates and vascular plants.MethodsWe compiled information on the biophysical characteristics and species occupancy of Australia’s geographic conservation units (bioregions). Then, using cluster analysis to identify groupings of bioregions representing optimal discrete-species areas, we evaluated what a hierarchical bioregionalization system would look like when based empirically on the within-and between-site diversity patterns across taxa. Within an information-analytical framework, we then assessed the degree to which the World Wildlife Fund’s (WWF) biomes and ecoregions and our suite of discrete-species areas are spatially associated and compared those results among bioregionalization scenarios.ResultsInformation on biodiversity patterns captured was moderate for WWF’s biomes (50– 58% for birds’ beta, and plants’ alpha and beta diversity, of optimal discrete areas, respectively) and ecoregions (additional 4–25%). Our plants and vertebrate optimal areas retained more information on alpha and beta diversity across taxa, with the two algorithmically derived biogeographic scenarios sharing 86.5% of their within- and between-site diversity information. Notably, discrete-species areas for beta diversity were parsimonious with respect to those for alpha diversity.Main conclusionsNested systems of bioregions must systematically account for the variation of species diversity across taxa if biodiversity research and conservation action are to be most effective across multiple spatial or temporal planning scales. By demonstrating an algorithmic rather than subjective method for defining bioregionalizations using species-diversity concordances, which reliably reflects the distributional patterns of multiple taxa, this work offers a valuable new tool for systematic conservation planning.
Characterization of opposing responses to phenol by Bacillus subtilis chemoreceptors
Authors: Bodhankar Girija A. , Tohidifar Payman , Foust Zachary L. , Ordal George W. , Rao Christopher V. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTBacillus subtilis employs ten chemoreceptors to move in response to chemicals in its environment. While the sensing mechanisms have been determined for many attractants, little is known about the sensing mechanisms for repellents. In this work, we investigated phenol chemotaxis in B. subtilis. Phenol is an attractant at low, micromolar concentrations, and a repellent at high, millimolar concentrations. McpA was found to be the principal chemoreceptor governing the repellent response to phenol and other related aromatic compounds. In addition, the chemoreceptors McpC and HemAT were found to the govern the attractant response to phenol and related compounds. Using receptor chimeras, McpA was found to sense phenol using its signaling domain rather than its sensing domain. These observations were substantiated in vitro, where direct binding of phenol to the signaling domain of McpA was observed using saturation-transfer difference nuclear magnetic resonance. These results further advance our understanding of B. subtilis chemotaxis and demonstrate that the signaling domain of B. subtilis chemoreceptors can directly sense chemoeffectors.IMPORTANCEBacterial chemotaxis is commonly thought to employ a sensing mechanism involving the extracellular sensing domain of chemoreceptors. Some ligands, however, appear to be sensed by the signaling domain. Phenolic compounds, commonly found in soil and root exudates, provide environmental cues for soil microbes like Bacillus subtilis. We show that phenol is sensed both as an attractant and a repellent. While mechanism for sensing phenol as an attractant is still unknown, we found that phenol is sensed as a repellent by the signaling domain of the chemoreceptor McpA. This study furthers our understanding of the unconventional sensing mechanisms employed by the B. subtilis chemotaxis pathway.
Does gender diversity on the board reduce agency cost? Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Amin Ali , Ur Rehman Ramiz , Ali Rizwan , Ntim Collins G. 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThis study aims to examine the effects of board gender diversity on agency costs in non-financial firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX).Design/methodology/approachMultiple regression analysis is used to determine the impact of board gender diversity on agency cost. The research used panel data consisting of 2,062 firm-year observations of 226 non-financial firms listed on the PSX from 2008 to 2019 to test the proposed hypothesis. In addition, the Blau and the Shannon indices were used to checking for robustness.FindingsThe results indicate that female presence on the board significantly reduces the agency cost and, hence, mitigates the principal-agent conflict. Moreover, consistent with the critical mass theory, it was found that boards with three or more female directors have a stronger impact on reducing the agency cost, as compared to two or fewer female directors on the board.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample was restricted to non-financial firms listed on the PSX only; therefore, the results reflect the attributes of Pakistan’s business environment. A similar analysis in the context of other countries may generate different results.Practical implicationsThe findings imply that female directors play an important role in reducing agency conflicts between shareholders and managers by enhancing monitoring through effective governance mechanisms. The policymakers, therefore, should focus on female career development and encourage professional training programmes to generate a fair, competitive environment for senior female management.Originality/valueThis study attempts to fill the literature gap in that no similar study covers the non-financial firms’ listed firms in Pakistan. The paper supports the reforms made by the code of corporate governance by making the placement of female directors mandatory on Pakistani corporate boards. Overall, support is provided for the view that regulators should favour gender quotas regarding the composition of the board management team of listed firms to reduce agency conflicts and gain shareholder confidence.
Thermal performance analysis of hybrid nanofluid natural convection in a square cavity containing an elliptical obstacle under variable magnetic field
Authors: Belhaj Soufien , Ben-Beya Brahim 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
This study aims to analyze entropy generation and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) natural convection of hybrid nanofluid in a square cavity, with a heated elliptical block placed at the center, in presence of a periodic-variable magnetic field.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, simulations were performed with a FORTRAN home code. The numerical methodology used to solve Navier–Stokes, energy and entropy generation equations with corresponding boundary conditions, is essentially based on the finite volume method and full multigrid acceleration.

Findings
The cavity is filled with Ag–Tio2/Water hybrid nanofluid. The main objective of this investigation is to predict the effects of body’s size (6 cases), type of applied magnetic field (variable or uniform), the non-dimensional period number of the variable magnetic field (VMF) (0.2 ≤ Λ ≤ 0.8), the inclination angle of the VMF (0 ≤ χ ≤ 90), Rayleigh number (5 × 103 ≤ Ra ≥ 105) and Hartmann number (5 ≤ Ha ≥ 100) on thermal performance, heat transfer rate, entropy generation and flow patterns.

Originality/value
To the authors’ best knowledge, this paper is the first numerical investigation deals with the entropy generation and natural convection of hybrid nanofluid in a two-dimensional cavity, with specific thermal boundary conditions, containing an elliptical block under periodic-variable magnetic field. Different combinations between flow-governing parameters were made to find optimal thermal performance.
Prioritizing success factors for implementing total productive maintenance (TPM)
Authors: Singh Rajesh Kumar , Gurtu Amulya 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to prioritize the factors for the successful implementation of total productive maintenance (TPM).Design/methodology/approachThe technique used for prioritization is the analytical hierarchy process (AHP).FindingsThe commitment and involvement of the top management, i.e. the leadership team, is the most critical success factor in the successful implementation of TPM. Employee training is another vital factor. Top management should also encourage a culture favorable for information flow, equipment ownership, the involvement of people and quality management throughout the organization.Research limitations/implicationsManufacturing organizations interested in improving productivity through the implementation of TPM should first involve the leadership team and seek their full support and train all the employees in this philosophy. However, the findings cannot be generalized for global application due to the inputs taken from experts in AHP from limited geography.Practical implicationsReducing production costs is a universal expectation of business leaders. TPM can be used as a long-term strategy to improve productivity by the organization.Social implicationsAll employees have to be trained in this philosophy, and as part of the training and the implementation of TPM, they feel empowered and committed to the organization.Originality/valueThis study has illustrated the use of AHP for the prioritization of success factors. Prioritization of success factors will help in strategy formulation by management for effective maintenance. It will help in improving the productivity and performance of the organization.
Mixed emotions and credence service use: insights from at-risk gamblers
Authors: De Vos Svetlana , Crouch Roberta , Quester Pascale , Ilicic Jasmina 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the power of appeals based on fear mixed with challenge co-designed with vulnerable consumers in motivating the use of credence services.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative phase (Study 1), comprising focus groups of self-identified at-risk gamblers, revealed a series of conceptual themes for advertising stimuli that were then tested empirically (Study 2) on the likelihood to use credence services in a gambling context. Individual characteristics such as tolerance of ambiguity were also tested for their potential moderating influence.

Findings
In comparison to appeals based on single emotions, fear mixed with the challenge has a significantly stronger impact on intentions to use credence services in at-risk gamblers. Findings confirm the indirect positive impact of fear mixed with the challenge via sequential mediators of involvement with advertising and attitude towards credence service advertising. The moderating role of tolerance of ambiguity on credence service use intentions was confirmed.

Originality/value
The potential of a fear mixed with challenge appeal to motivate vulnerable consumers to seek credence services has not been investigated to date. The findings contribute to both the transformative service research and advertising literature streams by providing valuable insights into promotional campaigns aimed at vulnerable consumers such as at-risk gamblers.
A multi-criteria decision making method for vapor smoothening fused deposition modelling part
Authors: M. Sugavaneswaran , B. Prashanthi , A. John Rajan 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to enhance the surface finish of the fused deposition modeling (FDM) part using the vapor smoothening (VS) post-processing method and to study the combined effect of FDM and VS process parameters on the quality of the part.

Design/methodology/approach
Analysis of variance method is used to understand the significance of the FDM and VS process parameters. Following this, the optimized parameter for multiple criteria response is reported using the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution. The process parameters alternatives are build orientation angle, build surface normal and exposure time and the criteria are surface roughness and dimensional error percentage.

Findings
The result observed contradicts the result reported on the independent parameter optimization of FDM and VS processes. There is a radical improvement in the surface finish on account of the coating process and an increase in the exposure time results in the decrease of the surface roughness. Minimum surface roughness of 0.11 µm is observed at 1,620 build angle and the least dimensional error of 0.01% is observed at build orientation angle 540. The impact of VS on the up-facing surface is different from the down-facing surface due to the removal of support material burrs and the exposure of the surface to vapor direction.

Originality/value
A study on the multi-criteria decision-making to ascertain the effect of post-processing on FDM component surface normal directed both to downward (build angle 0°–90°) and to upward (build angle 99°–180°) are reported for the first time in this article. The data reported for the post-processed FDM part at the build angle 0°–180° can be used as a guideline for selecting the optimal parameter and for assigning appropriate tolerance in the CAD model.
Reduced SMA‐M1 connectivity in older than younger adults measured using dual‐site TMS
Authors: Rurak Brittany K. , Rodrigues Julian P. , Power Brian D. , Drummond Peter D. , Vallence Ann‐Maree 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWith advancing age comes a decline in voluntary movement control. Growing evidence suggests that an age‐related decline in effective connectivity between the supplementary motor area and primary motor cortex (SMA‐M1) might play a role in an age‐related decline of bilateral motor control. Dual‐site transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used to measure SMA‐M1 effective connectivity. In the current study, we aimed to (1) replicate previous dual‐site TMS research showing reduced SMA‐M1 connectivity in older than younger adults and (2) examine whether SMA‐M1 connectivity is associated with bilateral motor control in independent samples of younger (n = 30) and older adults (n = 30). SMA‐M1 connectivity was measured using dual‐site TMS with interstimulus intervals of 6, 7 and 8 ms, and bilateral motor control was measured using the Purdue Pegboard, Four Square Step Test and the Timed Up and Go task. Findings from this study showed that SMA‐M1 connectivity was reduced in older than in younger adults, suggesting that the direct excitatory connections between SMA and M1 had reduced efficacy in older than younger adults. Furthermore, greater SMA‐M1 connectivity was associated with better bimanual motor control in older adults. Thus, SMA‐M1 connectivity in older adults might underpin, in part, the age‐related decline in bilateral motor control. These findings contribute to our understanding of age‐related declines in motor control and provide a physiological basis for the development of interventions to improve bimanual and bilateral motor control.
Sclerosing stromal tumour: a clinicopathological study of 100 cases of a distinctive benign ovarian stromal tumour typically occurring in the young
Authors: Devins Kyle M , Young Robert H , Watkins Jaclyn C 
Published: September 2021

AimsSince the sclerosing stromal tumour (SST) of the ovary was first described in 1973, few studies have expanded upon its histological features or overlap with other tumours. We thus investigate these aspects based on our experience with 100 cases.Methods and resultsThe patients, 14 of whom were pregnant, ranged from 12 to 63 years (median = 26 years). Ten patients had hormonal manifestations (seven oestrogenic, three androgenic). Bilateral ovarian involvement was present in two cases. Size ranged from 1 to 23 cm (mean = 8.4 cm). Most tumours were solid and white with focal yellow areas; oedema with cystic degeneration (seen in 25 cases) resulted in eight being predominantly cystic. On microscopic examination, alternating cellular and paucicellular areas (pseudolobulation) were prominent in 94 cases but seen to a limited degree in the remaining neoplasms. Admixed spindled and luteinised cells were present in all tumours, but 13 demonstrated mainly spindled cells and 19 demonstrated mainly lutein cells; 14 of the latter were from pregnant patients. The stroma was typically oedematous or collagenous, but in 14 cases was prominently hyalinised and, in four, myxoid. Prominent vascularity was present in most cases. The mitotic rate ranged from 0 to 8/10 high‐power fields (HPF), but most demonstrated <1/10 HPF.ConclusionsThe differential diagnosis of SST is broad, including fibromas, thecomas, solitary fibrous tumours, pregnancy luteomas, myxomas, other ovarian sex cord‐stromal tumours with sclerosis and, rarely, Krukenberg tumours. Strict adherence to the requirement of pseudolobulation, prominent (usually ectatic) vessels, and lutein cells and fibroblasts admixed in a jumbled manner, will distinguish the neoplasm from others in the differential.
Co‐ordination of brain and heart oscillations during non‐rapid eye movement sleep
Authors: Mikutta Christian , Wenke Marion , Spiegelhalder Kai , Hertenstein Elisabeth , Maier Jonathan G. , Schneider Carlotta L. , Fehér Kristoffer , Koenig Julian , Altorfer Andreas , Riemann Dieter , Nissen Christoph , Feige Bernd 
Published: September 2021

SummaryOscillatory activities of the brain and heart show a strong variation across wakefulness and sleep. Separate lines of research indicate that non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep is characterised by electroencephalographic slow oscillations (SO), sleep spindles, and phase–amplitude coupling of these oscillations (SO–spindle coupling), as well as an increase in high‐frequency heart rate variability (HF‐HRV), reflecting enhanced parasympathetic activity. The present study aimed to investigate further the potential coordination between brain and heart oscillations during NREM sleep. Data were derived from one sleep laboratory night with polysomnographic monitoring in 45 healthy participants (22 male, 23 female; mean age 37 years). The associations between the strength (modulation index [MI]) and phase direction of SO–spindle coupling (circular measure) and HF‐HRV during NREM sleep were investigated using linear modelling. First, a significant SO–spindle coupling (MI) was observed for all participants during NREM sleep, with spindle peaks preferentially occurring during the SO upstate (phase direction). Second, linear model analyses of NREM sleep showed a significant relationship between the MI and HF‐HRV (F = 20.1, r2 = 0.30, p < 0.001) and a tentative circular‐linear correlation between phase direction and HF‐HRV (F = 3.07, r2 = 0.12, p = 0.056). We demonstrated a co‐ordination between SO–spindle phase–amplitude coupling and HF‐HRV during NREM sleep, presumably related to parallel central nervous and peripheral vegetative arousal systems regulation. Further investigating the fine‐graded co‐ordination of brain and heart oscillations might improve our understanding of the links between sleep and cardiovascular health.
The large‐scale community‐based programme ‘Suchana’ improved maternal healthcare practices in north‐eastern Bangladesh: Findings from a cluster randomized pre‐post study
Authors: Haque Md Ahshanul , Choudhury Nuzhat , Ahmed S. M. Tanvir , Farzana Fahmida Dil , Ali Mohammad , Naz Farina , Raihan Mohammad Jyoti , Rahman Sheikh Shahed , Siddiqua Towfida Jahan , Faruque Abu Syed Golam , Ahmed Tahmeed 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAdequate maternal healthcare practices are crucial to both maternal and infant nutrition outcomes. The Sylhet region of Bangladesh is vulnerable and performs poorly, as maternal and child health indicators are falling behind compared to other areas. Suchana, a large‐scale intervention programme aims to improve the health and nutritional status of mothers and children in this region. The objective of the present analysis is to assess the changes in indicators related to maternal healthcare practices among Suchana beneficiaries. We obtained data from the Suchana baseline and endline evaluation survey. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize data. The following maternal healthcare practices were considered: if a Suchana beneficiary mother received antenatal care (ANC) from skilled service providers, took day time resting during pregnancy, consumed additional diet during pregnancy, took at least 100 iron‐folic acid (IFA) tablets during pregnancy and took a vitamin A capsule after delivery. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the impact of the Suchana intervention on maternal healthcare practices. The prevalence of the outcome variables at endline in the intervention area were as follows: 40% of mothers received at least four ANC from skilled service providers, 50% practiced daytime resting during pregnancy, 51% consumed additional diet during pregnancy, 41% took at least 100 iron‐folic acid tablets during pregnancy, 39% received postnatal care and 30% took a vitamin A capsule after delivery. The Suchana intervention significantly, positively improved indicators related to maternal healthcare practices; these findings support future larger‐scale programmes to improve maternal healthcare practices among vulnerable people in rural Bangladesh.
Bayesian probabilistic representation of complex systems: With application to wave load modeling
Authors: Glavind Sebastian T. , Brüske Henning , Christensen Erik D. , Faber Michael H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this contribution, we develop and present a Bayesian probabilistic framework for the representation of complex systems and apply this to an industrial case of offshore environmental load modeling. Based on previous contributions on probabilistic modeling using Bayesian networks, we consider the case where both the model structure and its parameters are estimated from data. Gaussian process‐based discrepancy modeling is introduced to represent uncertainties associated with data, when data are produced by models themselves. Two approaches are then introduced on how to deal with multiple model candidates, that is, Bayesian model averaging and decision context‐specific model selection. The latter comprising the main novelty of this paper. Two examples are provided: (i) a principal example illustrating the simple but fundamental idea of context‐specific model building and (ii) an industrial‐scale example considering optimal ranking of evacuation options for platform personnel in the event of an emerging storm.