bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Ukuran Serbuk Terhadap Karakteristik Rendaman Serbuk Daun Azadirachta Indica Dalam Minyak Zaitun
Authors: Pranoto M. Eko , Lady Yunita Handoyo Diana 
Published: November 2021

Neem (Azadirachta indica) is known as an anti-insecticide that can affect approximately 400 species of insects. Neem is widely grown in Indonesia and easily found so it is used as a vegetable insecticide. Simple processing methods are needed so they can be easily applied. Preliminary treatment that can be done before immersion is one of them is reduction in particle size (grinding). This study aims to determine the effect of powder size on the physical characteristics of neem leaf immersion oil. By observing the results of immersion in olive oil Nimba powder leaf that has been sifted using 40, 60 and 80 mesh sieves. The results obtained show the size of the powder affects the color, clarity, aroma and specific gravity. Immersion oil of Neem leaf powder which sifted using 80 mesh sieve has blackish green color, concentrated and characteristic odor of neem and specific gravity of 0.907 g / ml.

Keyword : Neem Leaf, Powder Size, Immersion, Olive Oil, Organoleptic.
ABSTRAK

Nimba (Azadirachta indica) dikenal sebagai anti insektisida yang dapat berpengaruh pada kurang lebih 400 jenis serangga. Nimba banyak tumbuh di indonesia dan mudah dijumpai sehingga digunakan oleh masyarakat sebagai insektidsida nabati. Metode pengolahan secara sederhana pada pemanfaatan daun mimba diperlukan sehingga dapat dengan mudah diterapkan oleh masyarakat. Perlakuan pendahuluan yang dapat dilakukan sebelum dilakukan perendaman salah satunya pengecilan ukuran partikel (penggilingan). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ukuran serbuk terhadap karakteristik fisik minyak rendaman daun Nimba. Dengan mengamati hasil rendaman dalam minyak zaitun serbuk Nimba yang telah diayak menggunakan ayakan 40, 60 dan 80 mseh. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan ukuran serbuk mempengaruhi warna, kejernihan dan aroma minyak hasil rendaman. Ukuran serbuk juga berpengaruh secara bermakna pada bobot jenis hasil rendaman. Minyak rendaman serbuk daun Nimba yang diayak menggunakan ayakan 80 mesh memiliki warna hijau kehitaman, pekat dan bau khas nimba serta bobot jenis sebesar 0,907 g/ml.

Kata Kunci : Daun Nimba, Ukuran Serbuk, Perendamana, Minyak Zaitun, Organoleptis.
Pengaruh Uji Antibakteri Ekstrak Rimpang Jahe Terhadap Pertumbuhan Staphylococcus Aureus Dan Escherichia Coli Secara In Vitro
Authors: Azkiyah Siti Zamilatul 
Published: November 2021

The problem of resistance is increasing along with the need for antimicrobials as an alternative in overcoming resistance problems. One solution is to utilize the content of secondary metabolite compounds in rhizome plants such as ginger. The content of compounds that are usually the most dominant in ginger such as essential oils, flavonoids, terpenoids and phenols. This study aims to determine the effect of ginger rhizome extract as an antibacterial on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in vitro. This study was a laboratory experimental study with a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 7 treatments with 3 replications. The results showed that the ethanol extract of ginger rhizome had antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. At concentrations of 20%, 40% and 80% which are more effective in inhibiting the growth of these two bacteria. The higher the extract concentration level, the larger the diameter of the inhibition zone from bacterial growth. This inhibition of bacterial growth is thought to have an effect on the content of the ginger root.

Keywords: Ginger rhizome, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, antibacterial
ABSTRAK

Permasalahan tentang resistensi semakin meningkat seiring dengan kebutuhan antimikroba sebagai alternatif dalam mengatasi masalah resistensi. Salah satu solusinya yaitu dengan memanfaatkan kandungan dari senyawa metabolit sekunder pada tanaman rimpang-rimpangan seperti rimpang jahe. Kandungan senyawa yang biasanya paling dominan pada jahe seperti minyak atsiri, flavonoid, terpenoid dan fenol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari ekstrak rimpang jahe sebagai antbakteri terhadap pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli secara in vitro. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian eksperimental laboratorium dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 7 perlakuan dengan 3 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa ekstrak etanol rimpang jahe memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap S. Aureus dan E. coli. Pada konsenrasi 20%, 40% dan 80% yang lebih efktif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan kedua bakteri tersebut. Semakin tinggi tingkatan konsentrasi ekstrak maka diameter zona hambat dari pertumbuhan bakteri juga semakin besar. Terhambatnya pertumbuhan bakteri ini diduga adanya pengaruh dari kandungan pada rimpang jahe.

Kata Kunci: Rimpang Jahe, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, antibakteri
Pengaruh Variasi Suhu Pengeringan Terhadap Pembuatan Simplisia Daun Mimba (Azadirachta Indica)
Authors: Lady Yunita Handoyo Diana , Pranoto M. Eko 
Published: November 2021

One of the plants that has long been used as a traditional medicine is neem (Azadirachta indica). The medicinal plants used are usually in the form of simplicia (plant material that has not undergone any processing and is generally in the form of dried material). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of drying temperature variations on the manufacture of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf simplicia. This research is a type of research that is a laboratory experimental study with samples of neem leaves from the village of Sumberejo, Banyuputih District, Situbondo Regency. Drying uses the direct sun drying method, the drying method with direct sunlight is covered using a black cloth and drying using the oven method with temperature variations of 45 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃. The results showed that the drying method affected the quality of neem leaf simplicia. Drying using an oven with a temperature variation of 45 ℃ and 50 ℃ is good drying because the results are bright green leaf color, tasteless, a distinctive smell of neem leaves, curved lancet-shaped leaves, jagged leaf edges, brittle when held, there is a distinctive smell.
Keywords: Neem Leaves, Temperature, Simplicia
ABSTRAK

Salah satu tanaman yang telah lama digunakan sebagai obat tradisional adalah mimba (Azadirachta indica). Tanaman obat yang digunakan biasanya dalam bentuk simplisia (bahan tumbuhan yang belum mengalami pengolahan apapun dan umumnya berupa bahan yang dikeringkan). Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi suhu pengeringan terhadap pembuatan simplisia daun mimba (Azadirachta indica). Penelitian ini merupakan Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental laboratorium dengan sampel daun mimba berasal dari daerah Desa Sumberejo Kecamatan Banyuputih Kabupaten Situbondo. Pengeringan menggunakan metode pengeringan matahari langsung, metode pengeringan dengan sinar matahari langsung ditutup menggunakan kain hitam dan pengeringan menggunakan metode oven dengan variasi suhu 45℃, 50℃, 60℃. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode pengeringan berpengaruh terhadap mutu simplisia daun mimba. Pengeringan menggunakan oven dengan variasi suhu 45℃ dan 50℃ merupakan pengeringan yang baik karena didapat hasil warna daun hijau cerah, tidak berasa, bau khas daun mimba, daun berbentuk memanjang lanset bengkok, tepi daun bergerigi, rapuh saat digenggam, terdapat bau khas.

Kata Kunci: Daun Mimba, Suhu, Simplisia
Formulasi Dan Uji Nilai SPF (sun protection factor) Ekstrak Daun Kelor (moringa oliefrea) Dalam Sediaan Tabir Surya Nanoemulsi
Authors: Ningsih Venny Diah , Atiqah Sri Nur 
Published: November 2021

Moringa leaves are one part of the plant that has many health benefits, one of which is as an antioxidant. One of the content of Moringa leaves that has activity as an antioxidant is quercetin. The purpose of this study was to determine the SPF value produced by Moringa leaf extract formulated in nanoemulsion preparations in various concentrations. Based on the test results, the SPF value at a concentration of 10,000 ppm is 5.5, 20,000 ppm is 5.6, and 30,000 ppm is 5.8.
ABSTRAK

Daun kelor merupakan salah satu bagian tanaman yang memiki banyak khasiat untuk kesehatan salah satunya ialah sebagai antioksidan. Salah satu kandungan daun kelor yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai antioksidan aialah quercetin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui nilai SPF yang dihasilkan oleh ekstrak daun kelor yang diformulasikan dalam sediaan nanoemulsi dalam berbagai konsentrasi. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian di dapatkan hasil nilai SPF Pada konsentrasi 10.000 ppm sebesar 5.5, 20.000 ppm sebesar 5.6, dan 30.000 ppm sebesar 5.8.
The Influence Of Maseration Time (Immeration) On The Vocity Of Birthleaf Extract (Piper Betle)
Authors: Handoyo Diana Lady Yunita 
Published: November 2021

Betel is a medicinal plant that has the main chemical content which gives the betel leaf the characteristic characteristic of being essential oil. The extraction process using maceration technique is carried out by shaking several times or stirring at room temperature. The advantage of this method is easy and does not need heating so that natural materials are less likely to be damaged or decomposed. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of maceration time (immersion) on the viscosity of betel leaf extract (Piper betle). The design of this research is quantitative descriptive, which describes the comparison of maceration extracts at different times. The results then calculate the yield. The sample used in this study is betel plant grown in the Green House Pharmacy at Ibrahimy University. Based on the results of the extraction of betel leaf maceration, the highest yield value was seen in the treatment with a soaking time of 72 hours, namely 8.15%. The average yield value of maceration extraction was 7.83%.
ABSTRAK

Sirih merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman obat yang memiliki kandungan kimia khas sebagai ciri utama daun sirih ialah minyak atsiri. Proses ekstraksi secara maserasi dilakukan dalam beberapa kali pengocokan atau pengadukan pada suhu ruang. Maserasi dipilih karena mudah dan tidak perlu pemanasan sehingga kecil kemungkinan bahan alam menjadi rusak atau terurai. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mengetahui pengaruh lama waktu maserasi (perendaman) terhadap kekentalan ekstrak daun sirih (Piper betle). Desain penelitian adalah deskriptif kuantitatif yaitu menggambarkan hasil perbandingan ekstrak maserasi pada waktu yang berbeda. Hasil selanjutnya dilakukan perhitungan persentase rendemen. Sampel yang digunakan merupakan tanaman sirih yang ditanam di Green House Farmasi Universitas Ibrahimy. Berdasarkan hasil ektraksi maserasi daun sirih didapatkan nilai rendemen tertinggi nampak pada waktu perendaman 72 jam yaitu 8.15%. Adapun nilai rendemen rata-rata hasil ekstraksi maserasi sebesar 7,83 %.
Psycoeducation of Responsible Scouts Care for Others in Disaster Response
Authors: Noviekayati I.G.A.A. , Samudra Eric Arizona , Valerie Carissa , Ariyanto Rizky , Barata Mahardi Setia 
Published: November 2021

The attitude of disaster response to disaster-affected communities in general is an urgent priority to be given so that the community becomes resilient. So far, people are accustomed to relying on government assistance and are not able to provide an appropriate first response. This is because the community does not understand how to act appropriately when a disaster occurs in the area where they live. Law No. 24 of 2007 on Disaster Management. The subjects in this study were 110 Advanced Coaches, the Surabaya Kwarcab Helping Brigade, the Surabaya Kwarcab Care Scouts, the Surabaya Kwartir Branch Work Council using a knowledge scale on disaster response and psychoeducation related to Psychological First Aids. The results of the calculation of the t test (Paired Sample Test) obtained the results of t = 6.473 at p = 0.000. This means that between the pre-test and post-test of there is a very significant difference the experimental group in the knowledge of disaster response. The pre-test of the experimental group (Mean = 96.2553) was higher than the post-test of the experimental group (Mean = 88.5745), this indicates that PFA psychoeducation can increase knowledge about disaster response, thus indicating a significant relationship between psychoeducational independent variables. PFA with the dependent variable is knowledge about disaster response. The implication of this research is that it is expected to become an extension program so that it can increase knowledge related to disaster mitigation so that in the future members of the Rescue Brigadier can become the vanguard of disaster mitigation.
The relationship between hopelessness and perceived social support levels of parents with children with congenital heart disease
Authors: Oden Tugba Nur , Cam Rahsan 
Published: November 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between hopelessness and perceived social support levels of parents with children with congenital heart disease (CHD).
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with parents of children who underwent surgery for CHD, and data were collected from 100 parents who agreed to participate in the study. A descriptive information form for the sociodemographic characteristics of the parents, “Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS)” and “Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS)” were used to collect the data. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Spearman’s correlation tests.
Results: The mean score of the hopelessness level of the parents participating in the study was 6.15±4.23, and the mean perceived general social support score was 69.55±15.47. There was a significant negative correlation between the hopelessness levels of mothers and social support (SS) received from the family, from significant others, and general SS scores. There was a significant positive correlation between the hopelessness levels of the mothers and the SS level received from the family (p<0.05).
Conclusion: In this study, the parents of children with CHD have low levels of hopelessness and perceived SS levels are high. Moreover, the relationship between hopelessness and perceived SS levels varies according to the sex of the parents. In our study, the SS level of mothers had a higher effect on the hopelessness level. It is recommended that the SS levels of the parents of children with CHD should be increased to help them cope with hopelessness.
METHODS AND TYPES OF CRIMES COMMITTED IN THE FIELD OF THE FUEL AND ENERGY COMPLEX (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SAMARA REGION)
Authors: Вележев Сергей Иванович 
Published: November 2021

В статье рассмотрены актуальные вопросы уголовно-правовой охраны объектов в сфере топливно-энергетического комплекса Российской Федерации от преступных посягательств корыстной направленности (на примере ТЭК Самарской области). Иллюстрированы отличительные особенности ТЭК Самарской области, наличие разнообразия объектов посягательства. Показаны особенности организованной преступной деятельности в сфере топливно-энергетического комплекса на территории Самарской области, связанной прежде всего с несанкционированным отбором углеводородного сырья и нефтепродуктов из магистральных, промысловых и технологических трубопроводов, а также резервуаров, автоцистерн, железнодорожного подвижного состава и судов. Топливно-энергетический комплекс является одной из ведущих отраслей на территории Самарской области, структурными сегментами которой являются в том числе объекты добычи, хранения, переработки и транспортировки нефти, а также объекты транспортировки, хранения и сбыта нефтепродуктов. Данное обстоятельство требует принятия мер по защите отрасли от противоправных действий. Наряду с охранными, режимными и организационными мерами, которые осуществляют хозяйствующие субъекты, немаловажное значение имеет защита отрасли от преступных посягательств уголовно-правовым способом. В статье приводятся примеры разнообразных видов и способов хищения в сфере топливно-энергетического комплекса и мер по предупреждению преступных посягательств.
The article deals with topical issues of criminal and legal protection of objects in the field of the fuel and energy complex of the Russian Federation from criminal encroachments of a mercenary orientation (on the example of the fuel and energy complex of the Samara region). The distinctive features of the fuel and energy complex of the Samara region , the presence of a variety of objects of encroachment are illustrated. The features of organized criminal activity in the field of the fuel and energy complex on the territory of the Samara region are shown, primarily related to the unauthorized selection of hydrocarbon raw materials and petroleum products from main, field and technological pipelines, as well as tanks, tankers, railway rolling stock and ships. The fuel and energy complex is one of the leading industries in the territory of the Samara region, the structural segments of which are: including objects of oil production, storage , processing and transportation, as well as objects of transportation, storage and sale of petroleum products, and therefore this circumstance requires taking measures to protect it from illegal actions . Along with security, regime and organizational measures that are carried out by economic entities, it is of no small importance to protect the industry from criminal encroachments in a criminal-legal way. The article provides examples of various types and methods of theft in the field of the fuel and energy complex and measures to prevent criminal encroachments.
PENITENTIARY STRESS AS A FACTOR IN THE DESTRUCTIVE BEHAVIOUR OF FOREIGN PENal STAFF
Authors: Скобелева Оксана Олеговна , Сластунин Иван Алексеевич 
Published: November 2021

В данной статье рассматриваются причины и меры профилактики пенитенциарного стресса как фактора формирования деструктивного поведения сотрудников пенитенциарных систем зарубежных стран. В настоящее время проблема деструктивного поведения сотрудников правоохранительных органов является одной из самых актуальных. Большинство проблем, связанных с деструктивным поведением сотрудников пенитенциарных систем, с которыми сталкиваются зарубежные страны, к сожалению, существуют и в уголовно-исполнительной системе Российской Федерации. Их особенности заключаются в специфике служебной деятельности и множестве трудных, критических ситуаций. Согласно исследованиям, стресс и его последствия испытывает каждый четвертый сотрудник правоохранительных органов. Существующие исследования доказывают, что высокие требования, низкий контроль и дисбаланс между усилиями и вознаграждением являются факторами риска для психических и соматических проблем со здоровьем. Часто сотрудникам нелегко самостоятельно справиться с теми или иными проблемами, возникающими в процессе служебной деятельности, что приводит к появлению деструктивного поведения. В статье проведен анализ разработанных мер профилактики пенитенциарного стресса, а также различных форм психологических программ. Специалистам, оказывающим психологическую помощь сотрудникам, особое внимание необходимо уделять существующим психологическим программам, направленным на изменение отношений сотрудников, в целях профилактики их деструктивного поведения, мотивируя их к изменению своего когнитивного процесса.
This article deals with the causes and measures of penitentiary stress prevention as a factor of destructive behaviour of foreign penal staff . At present the problem of disruptive behaviour of law enforcement officers is one of the most urgent. Most of the problems related to destructive behavior of penal officers which are faced by foreign countries unfortunately also exist in the penal system of the Russian Federation. Their peculiarities lie in the specifics of service activities and many difficult, critical situations. According to studies stress and its consequences are experienced by one in four law enforcement officers. Existing research proves that high demands, low control and an imbalance between effort and reward are risk factors for mental and somatic health problems. Often employees find it difficult to cope independently with the kinds of problems that arise in the course of their work leading to the emergence of disruptive behaviour. The article analyses the measures that have been developed to prevent penitentiary stress as well as various forms of psychological programmes. Professionals providing psychological assistance to staff need to pay particular attention to existing psychological programmes aimed at changing staff attitudes in order to prevent disruptive behaviour by motivating them to change their cognitive process.
Stefan Zweig’ın “Satranç” Adlı Eserinde Dönemin Panoraması
Authors: KARABULUT Merve 
Published: November 2021

1881 Viyana doğumlu olan Stefan Zweig, savaş ortamını bizzat yaşamış ve eserlerinde daima savaş karşıtı bir tutum sergilemiştir. Zweig’ın tek isteği, yaşanılan savaş sonrasında, insanların huzuru ve barışı yakalamasıdır. 1938-1942 yılları arasında Brezilya'da sürgündeyken kaleme aldığı “Satranç” adlı son eseri de göstermek istediği değerler açısından büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Zweig, insan ruhunun derinliklerine inerek, betimlemelerle ve benzetmelerle Nazizm’in/ Nazi Almanya’sının ülke ve insanlar üzerinde bıraktığı sosyal ve psikolojik etkileri yansıtmaya çalışır. Savaşın insanlığı getirdiği noktada, yazarın intiharından önce bıraktığı bir veda mektubu niteliği taşıyan bu eserde, Hitler iktidarının toplama kamplarının haricinde aydınlar için kullandığı başka bir yönteme dikkat çekilir. Zweig’e göre kullanılan bu yöntem, belki de toplama kamplarındaki insanların yaşadıklarından bile daha ağır bir zulümdür.
Alman Edebiyatı’nda önemli bir yere sahip olan Stefan Zweig, “Satranç” adlı eserinde, satranç oyunu üzerinden, yaşanılan tüm olumsuzluklara rağmen savaş döneminde bireylerin ayakta kalma/ var olmaya çalışma süreçlerini aktarır. Otobiyografik özellik gösteren eserde, savaş döneminde Naziler tarafından tutuklandıktan sonra yersiz-yurtsuzluğa mahkûm edilen bir karakterle, dünya satranç şampiyonu olan bir karakterin satranç mücadelesi ele alınır. 20. yüzyılın acımasızlığı gözler önüne serilirken, tarihsel olayların bıraktığı izlere ve o izlerle yaşamaya çalışmanın ne demek olduğuna yakından tanık olmak mümkündür. Bu çalışmada, eserden hareketle (metne bağlı/ werkimmanent yaklaşımla) Nasyonal Sosyalizmin toplumda ve insanlar üzerinde bıraktığı izler, yarattığı yıkımlar ve Nasyonal Sosyalizm dönemi aktarılmaya çalışılmıştır.
Cybereducación: Discutir el Habitus de los Professores en un Contexto de Producción de Actividades-Matemáticas-com-Memes
Authors: Friske Andréia , Rosa Mauricio 
Published: November 2021

Este artigo tem o objetivo de investigar como se mostra a Cyberformação com professoras que ensinam matemática, em termos pedagógicos, quando elas se inserem no processo de produção de atividades-matemáticas-com-memes. A Cyberformação é caracterizada como uma forma/ação com professores/professoras/professories[1] que compreende as Tecnologias Digitais como partícipes do processo de constituição do conhecimento matemático. Para obter possíveis respostas para essa pesquisa foram analisadas duas professoras que participaram do curso de extensão denominado “A fim de memetizar? Construindo atividades-matemáticas-com-memes” ofertado para professores/professoras/professories que ensinam matemática, na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Nessa investigação foi possível evidenciar que as práticas das professoras analisadas se mostraram enraizadas em determinados habitus que quando confrontados, em um campo, com a concepção de Cyberformação permitiram uma reflexão sobre estas práticas, caracterizando uma violência simbólica e uma possível transformação de práticas.

[1] Utilizamos esta grafia para empoderar todos os gêneros neste artigo. Logo, inserindo o gênero gramatical neutro (Cassiano, 2019) ao masculino e feminino, estamos nos posicionando politicamente em acordo às concepções de combate à exclusão, defendidas pela concepção da Cyberformação (Rosa, no prelo, n.d.).