bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enduring exploitative leaders at work: the buffering role of proactive personality on employee job strain
Authors: Bajaba Saleh , Bajaba Abdulah , Fuller Bryan 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to study followers' proactive personality (PP) as a personal resource in moderating the hindering impact of exploitative leadership (EL) on followers' job strain (JS).

Design/methodology/approach
Self-report data on EL, JS and PP were obtained from 113 working students in the USA, and a cross-sectional design was used. The data was analyzed using SPSS 27 through hierarchal multiple regression and the PROCESS macro.

Findings
The findings support the buffering role of PP on the hindering impact of EL on JS, such that followers with higher PP tend to buffer the positive relationship between EL and followers' JS.

Practical implications
This study recommends practitioners to hire proactive individuals and/or enable existing employees to engage in proactivity in the presence of exploitative leaders to better cope with their self-serving behaviors.

Originality/value
Using the conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study is the first to use PP as a personal resource that protects against and mitigates the negative impact of EL.
How do high-performance work systems affect innovation performance? The organizational learning perspective
Authors: Mehralian Gholamhossein , Moradi Mohammad , Babapour Jafar 
Published: August 2021

PurposeAchieving organizational-level outcomes through human resource practices (HRP) as the basis of nearly all organizational improvements has remained relatively unexplored, which requires more investigations. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop a framework to theorize how high-performance work systems (HPWS) can provide organizations with critical instruments for organizational learning (OL) creation that in turn leads to innovation performance (IP).Design/methodology/approachSurvey-based, multisource research was designed to examine the proposed model, using the data collected from 154 pharmaceutical industry-related companies.FindingsAccording to the study results, HPWS concentrating on enhancing practices of abilities, motivations and opportunities (AMO) were positively associated with OL, which could in turn improve IP. Moreover, innovation culture (IC) showed a significant moderating effect on the association between OL and IP.Originality/valueThe central originality of this research first is that HPWS acts as antecedents of OL capabilities contributing to firm-level IP; second, the relationship between OL and firm IP is contingent upon the level of IC in organizations.
Hemodynamic and respiratory effects of dexmedetomidine sedation in critically ill Covid‐19 patients: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Uusalo Panu , Valtonen Mika , Järvisalo Mikko J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionDexmedetomidine has been suggested to be a promising sedative for patients with Covid‐19 infection (CV19). However, use of dexmedetomidine is limited by its heart rate (HR) and arterial blood pressure lowering effects. Moreover, CV19 is associated with cardiac manifestations including bradyarrythmias. The hemodynamic effects of dexmedetomidine have not been previously studied in CV19 patients. We evaluated the effects of dexmedetomidine on hemodynamic and respiratory parameters of CV19 patients.MethodsIn this single center study, all CV19 patients receiving dexmedetomidine for sedation during a one year period were included. Our primary outcomes included changes in HR, mean arterial pressure (MAP), respiratory rate (RR), partial oxygen pressure of arterial blood/fraction of inspired oxygen‐ratio (PF‐ratio), and Richmond Agitation and Sedation Score (RASS) during dexmedetomidine administration.ResultsWe identified 39 patients with a mean (SD) age of 58.3 (12.7) years. After initiation of dexmedetomidine, HR decreased by 16.9 (3.3) beats/min (95% CI 9.5–22.4; p < 0.001). During the 12‐hour follow‐up period, HR decrease was significant at 2 to 12 h. Incident bradycardia (<45/min) was reported in 12 (30.8%) patients and it was associated with lower plasma C‐reactive protein, Pro‐calcitonin, and troponin T levels. There was no change in MAP compared to baseline. Dexmedetomidine administration was associated with improvement of PF‐ratio (p < 0.001) and with decrease of RASS (p = 0.004).ConclusionsDexmedetomidine is an effective sedative for CV19 patients and may improve their oxygenation. However, dexmedetomidine administration is associated with marked decline in HR and with a high incidence of bradycardia in patients with CV19.
Genome‐wide association study and pathway analysis for carcass fatness in Nellore cattle measured by ultrasound
Authors: Martins R. , Brito L. F. , Machado P. C. , Pinto L. F. B. , Silva M. R. , Schenkel F. S. , Pedrosa V. B. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryIdentifying genes or genomic regions influencing carcass‐quality traits such as fatness (FTN) is essential to optimize the genetic selection processes in beef cattle. The aim of this study was to identify genomic regions associated with FTN in Nellore cattle as well as to elucidate the metabolic pathways related to the phenotypic expression. Ultrasound‐based measurements of FTN were collected in 11 750 animals, with 39 903 animals in the pedigree file. Additionally, 1440 animals were genotyped using the GGP‐indicus 35K SNP panel, which contained 33 623 SNPs after quality control. Twenty genes related to FTN were found on 11 chromosomes, explaining 12.96% of the total additive genetic variance. Gene ontology revealed seven genes: NR1L2, PKD2, GSK3β, EXT1, RAD51B, SORCS1 and DPH6, associated with important processes related to FTN. In addition, novel candidate genes (MAATS1, LYPD1, CDK5RAP2, RAD51B, c13H2Oorf96 and TRAPPC11) were detected and could provide further knowledge to uncover genetic regions associated to carcass fatness in beef cattle.
Effects of pre‐operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study
Authors:   COVIDSurg Collaborative,   GlobalSurg Collaborative
Published: August 2021

SummaryWe aimed to determine the impact of pre‐operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre‐defined sub‐group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Patients who isolated pre‐operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS‐CoV‐2 incidence and high‐income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre‐operative testing; use of COVID‐19‐free pathways; or community SARS‐CoV‐2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care.
Collective action in the Anti‐Extradition Law Amendment Bill Movement in Hong Kong: Two integrative group identification models
Authors: Zhu Alex Yue Feng , Chou Kee Lee 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe social identity model of collective action (SIMCA) is frequently used to explain collection action. This study conceptualized group identification as identification with militant protestors and tested two versions of the SIMCA model with cross‐sectional data collected toward the end of the anti‐extradition bill movement in Hong Kong. The first model incorporates democratic ideology as the mediator and hypothesizes that instrumental, emotional, and ideological paths explain the effect of identification with militant protestors on objectively measured collective action. The second model sets democratic ideology as the antecedent and describes a process whereby a democratic ideology independently and directly influences the same three paths and thus the collective action or else influences the collective action by developing identification with the militant protestors. The results support the validity of both these models, while the model‐data fitness is slightly better, and a slightly higher variance of collective action is explained with the second model.
The role of metacognitive competences in the development of school achievement among gifted adolescents
Authors: Tibken Catharina , Richter Tobias , von der Linden Nicole , Schmiedeler Sandra , Schneider Wolfgang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGifted underachievers perform worse in school than would be expected based on their high intelligence. Possible causes for underachievement are low motivational dispositions (need for cognition) and metacognitive competences. This study tested the interplay of these variables longitudinally with gifted and non‐gifted students from Germany (N = 341, 137 females) in Grades 6 (M = 12.02 years at t1) and 8 (M = 14.07 years). Declarative and procedural metacognitive competences were assessed in the domain of reading comprehension. Path analyses showed incremental effects of procedural metacognition over and above intelligence on the development of school achievement in gifted students (β = .139). Moreover, declarative metacognition and need for cognition interactively predicted procedural metacognition (β = .169), which mediated their effect on school achievement.
Effect of interdental cleaning devices on proximal caries
Authors: Kim Seon‐Jip , Lee Jae‐Young , Kim Se‐Hee , Cho Hyun‐Jae 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo estimate the association between the use of interdental cleaning devices and proximal caries experience.MethodsThis study used a cross‐sectional data from the Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013‐2015). A total of 13 525 adults aged 19‐64 years who participated in both the nutrition survey and the health examination survey were included. Data on sociodemographic factors (age and sex), socioeconomic factors (level of education and household income) and personal health practices (frequency of toothbrushing, visits to dental clinic, frequency of snacking and self‐rated oral health status), and number of proximal caries were collected. Prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using the multivariable Poisson generalized linear model according to use of dental floss or an interdental brush. The risk of proximal caries for dental floss following the stratification of participants into various subgroups related to oral health was assessed.ResultsWhile nonflossers had 1.46 times (PR 1.46, 95% CI: 1.16‐1.84) higher risk for proximal caries than flossers, the use of an interdental brush was not associated with proximal caries. In the nonflossers, the association for proximal caries was the strongest in those in their 40s (PR 2.28, 95% CI: 1.29‐4.03), followed by those in their 30s (PR 1.85, 95% CI: 1.18‐2.90). Although nonflossers with middle‐low household income had a 59% higher risk (PR 1.59, 95% CI: 1.24‐2.03) for proximal caries than those with high household income, there were no significant differences in household income in flossers.ConclusionsThe findings of the study suggest that flossing at home along with toothbrushing is one of the easiest ways to prevent proximal caries. Therefore, dental floss should not be excluded from oral healthcare products.
Effects of daily administration of melatonin before bedtime on fasting insulin, glucose and insulin sensitivity in healthy adults and patients with metabolic diseases. A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lauritzen Esben S. , Kampmann Ulla , Smedegaard Stine B. , Støy Julie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundMelatonin is increasingly used as a pharmacological sleep aid but it is also emerging as a regulator of glucose homoeostasis. Yet, previous research has been ambiguous with reports of both positive and negative effects of melatonin on glucose metabolism.ObjectivesTo assess the effect of daily treatment with melatonin on fasting glucose, insulin, insulin sensitivity and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels.Data SourcesMEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, clinicaltrials.gov and clinicaltrialsregister.eu were systematically searched.Eligibility Criteria, Participants and InterventionsAll randomized, placebo‐controlled studies with melatonin treatment were assessed. We included studies with daily melatonin treatment (≥2 weeks) of healthy adults or patients with metabolic diseases.MethodsHedges' g differences were calculated for the metabolic parameters of the included studies, heterogeneity was assessed with χ2 and I2 tests and meta‐analyses were performed with the random‐effects model.ResultsLong‐term treatment with melatonin did not change fasting glucose significantly compared with placebo (g: −0.07 [−0.22 to 0.08], n = 603) but it reduced fasting insulin levels slightly (g: −0.27 [−0.50 to −0.04], n = 278) and trended towards reduced insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) (g: −0.20 [−0.44 to 0.03], n = 278). HbA1c levels were largely unaffected by melatonin treatment compared with placebo (g: 0.14 [−0.19 to 0.46], n = 142).ConclusionsWith the available literature, melatonin seems to be a glucose‐metabolic safe sleep aid in patients with metabolic diseases and in healthy adults. It may even have beneficial glucose‐metabolic effects as fasting insulin levels were reduced in this meta‐analysis, but the confidence intervals of the meta‐analyses are wide, underscoring the need for further research within this field.
Decomposing multiple β‐diversity reveals non‐random assembly of the waterbird communities across anthropogenic subsidence wetlands
Authors: Li Chunlin , Wang Xue , Zhang Baowei , Cui Peng , Feng Gang , Svenning Jens‐Christian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimUnderstanding how biotic communities are spatially distributed is essential for biodiversity conservation in human‐modified landscapes. The large‐scale subsidence wetlands generated by underground coal mining in China have been increasingly used by large numbers of waterbirds, which remain understudied. We aimed to explore the role of non‐random assembly in shaping the regional waterbird diversity in non‐breeding seasons, providing insights for the conservation.LocationThe North China Plain.MethodsTaxonomic β‐diversity and functional β‐diversity (both multiple‐site and pairwise) of the waterbird communities were quantified and decomposed into turnover (i.e. species replacement) and nestedness components (i.e. the poorer sites being subsets of the richer sites). Observed functional α‐diversity and pairwise β‐diversity, as well as the two components, were compared with simulated means under random assembly processes in null models, which maintained the species richness, pairwise taxonomic dissimilarity, and its turnover and nestedness components as the observed.ResultsThe communities exhibited similar multiple‐site taxonomic and functional β‐diversity, which were primarily contributed by taxonomic and functional turnover, respectively. The pairwise functional β‐diversity, as well as its turnover and nestedness components, was positively correlated with their taxonomic counterparts. The pairwise functional β‐diversity was higher than the taxonomic β‐diversity, with the former mainly reflecting nestedness of functional strategies and the latter reflecting species replacement. The observed functional α‐diversities in most communities were lower, and most of the observed pairwise functional β‐diversities were higher than the simulated means in null models.Main conclusionsThe above patterns suggest the existence of non‐random assembly of the waterbird communities across the subsidence wetlands. To protect waterbirds in the subsidence wetlands, we suggest that most wetlands should be protected via increasing habitat diversity. Furthermore, considering the changing environmental conditions, changes in the multiple biodiversity metrics should be monitored to inform the ongoing management plans.
A full year of the COVID‐19 pandemic with two infection waves and its impact on ischemic stroke patient care in Germany
Authors: Richter Daniel , Eyding Jens , Weber Ralph , Bartig Dirk , Grau Armin , Hacke Werner , Krogias Christos 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeMany countries worldwide, including Germany, reported that the first wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic in early 2020 influenced the care of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients, but data are lacking for further pandemic wave periods.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide, retrospective, cross‐sectional study of all hospitalized patients with the main diagnosis of AIS in 2019 and 2020. Primary outcomes were the number of hospitalizations for AIS, the application of stroke unit care, intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), and mechanical thrombectomy (MT), as well as the in‐hospital mortality during the different pandemic periods in 2020 compared to the corresponding periods in 2019. Secondarily, we analyzed differences in outcomes between patients with and without concurrent COVID‐19.ResultsWe included 429,841 cases with AIS, of which 1268 had concurrent COVID‐19. Hospitalizations for AIS declined during both pandemic wave periods in 2020 (first wave: −10.9%, second wave: −4.6%). MT rates were consistently higher throughout 2020 compared to 2019, whereas the IVT rate dropped during the second wave period (16.0% vs. 17.0%, p < 0.001). AIS patients with concurrent COVID‐19 frequently received recanalization treatments, with an overall MT rate of 8.4% and IVT rate of 15.9%. The in‐hospital mortality was high (22.8% vs. 7.5% in noninfected AIS patients, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate a smaller decline in hospitalizations for AIS in the more severe second wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic. AIS patients with and without concurrent COVID‐19 who did seek acute care continued to receive recanalization treatments in Germany.
Dolutegravir in the long term in children and adolescents: frequent virological failure but rare acquired genotypic resistance
Authors: Frange Pierre , Blanche Stephane , Veber Florence , Avettand‐Fenoel Veronique 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesAlthough widely recommended, data about dolutegravir efficacy in HIV‐1‐infected children/adolescents are scarce, limited to short‐term follow‐up and mainly extrapolated from studies in adults with good adherence to treatment. This study aimed to provide long‐term data about the risk of virological failure (VF) and acquired genotypic resistance in children and adolescents receiving dolutegravir.MethodsThis retrospective monocentric study included 134 paediatric patients who received a dolutegravir‐based regimen for ≥ 12 months in 2014–2020. Virological failure was defined as not achieving a plasma viral load (pVL) < 50 copies/mL within 3 months of dolutegravir initiation or as experiencing virological rebound ≥ 50 copies/mL.ResultsMost of the subjects were antiretroviral therapy‐experienced (90.3%), naïve from integrase inhibitors (90.3%) and displayed virological suppression at baseline (63.4%). Their median (interquartile range, IQR) age was 12.0 (8.0–15.8) years. Genotypic susceptibility score of the new regimen was ≥ 2 in 96% of cases. Median (IQR) follow‐up was 34 (22–50) months. Virological failure occurred in 43 people (32.1%), more frequently where the baseline pVL was ≥ 50 copies/mL (67.4% vs. 22.0%, P < 0.01). M184V/I mutations in the reverse transcriptase gene were newly detected in three people with VF. Resistance to dolutegravir (mutations G118R and E138A in the integrase gene) emerged in one adolescent (0.7% of subjects, 2.3% of those with VF).ConclusionsWhereas VF is relatively common on dolutegravir in the paediatric population, regimens associating dolutegravir with more than one fully active drug were associated with a low rate of emergent drug resistance. This result strengthens the recommendation of dolutegravir as part of preferred combinations in children/adolescents.
An analysis of the diagnostic accuracy and peer‐to‐peer health information provided on online health forums for heart failure
Authors: Farnood Annabel , Johnston Bridget , Mair Frances S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsTo examine the accuracy of diagnostic responses and types of information provided on online health forums.DesignQualitative descriptive study.MethodsThis paper reports the findings of a thematic analysis of peer responses to posts included on heart failure online health forums, to understand the quality and types of information provided. Responses posted between March 2016 and March 2019 were screened, collected and analysed thematically using Braun & Clarke. Themes were conceptually underpinned by Normalization Process Theory. Responses were assessed for quality against the NICE and SIGN guidelines to determine whether they were evidence based or not.ResultsThe total number of responses collected for analysis was 639. Five main themes were identified: diagnostic, experiential, informational, peer relations and relationships with healthcare professionals. Out of 298 diagnostic responses, 5% were guideline evidence‐based and 6% had information that were partly evidence‐based. Non‐evidence based and potentially dangerous responses were 10%. Experiential responses were 10%; 23% included advice that was not supported with any clinical evidence; and 46% signposted users to other online references/healthcare professionals.ConclusionOnline health communication largely focuses on provision of experiential responses to assist those in need of pre‐ or post‐diagnosis advice and support. However, there is evidence of inaccurate information provision which suggests the use of a moderator would be beneficial.ImpactThis study suggests heart failure online health forums are a source of support, however, there are potential risks. Increasing nurses and other health care professional's awareness of online health forums will be important. Additional training is needed to help them learn more about patient's use of online health forums, to gain a better understanding about the types of information sought, and how best to address such knowledge deficits. Healthcare systems must ensure sufficient time and resources are available to meet information needs for people with heart failure.