bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interleukin 13 Affects the Recovery Processes in a Mouse Model of Hemorrhagic Stroke with Bilateral Tibial Fracture
Authors: Yan Ya'nan , Gao Cheng , Chen Guang , Chen Xueshi , Wu Yanglin , Xu Heng , Cheng Zhiqi , Luo Chengliang , Zhang Mingyang , Wang Tao , Lin Jun , Chen Xiping , Tao Luyang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
As one form of stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a fatal cerebrovascular disease, which has high morbidity and mortality, and lacks of effective medical treatment. An increased infiltration of inflammatory cytokines coupled with pyroptotic cell death is involved in the pathophysiological process of ICH. However, little is known about whether concomitant fracture patients have the same progression of inflammation and pyroptosis. Hence, we respectively established mouse ICH model and ICH with bilateral tibial fracture model (MI) to explore the potential cross-talk between the above two injuries. We found that MI obviously reversed the expressions of pyroptosis-associated proteins, which were remarkably up-regulated at the acute phase after ICH. Similar results were observed in neuronal expressions via double immunostaining. Furthermore, brain edema was also significantly alleviated in mice who suffered MI, when compared with ICH alone. To better clarify the potent mechanisms mediated this cross-talk, recombinant mouse interleukin-13 (IL-13) was used to investigate its effect on pyroptosis in the mouse MI model, in which lower level of IL-13 was observed. Remarkably, IL-13 administration re-awakened cell death, which was mirrored by the re-upregulation of pyroptosis-associated proteins and PI positive cell counts. The results of hemorrhage volume and behavioral tests further confirmed its critical role in regulating the neurological functions. Besides, IL-13-treated MI group showed poor outcomes of fracture healing. To sum up, our research indicates that controlling the IL-13 content in acute phase would be a promising target in influencing the outcomes of brain injury and fracture, and meanwhile, provides new evidence in repairing compound injuries in clinics.
Physiological and Dual Transcriptional Analysis of Microalga Graesiella Emersonii–Amoeboaphelidium Protococcarum Pathosystem Uncovers Conserved Defense Response and Robust Pathogenicity
Authors: Ding Yi , Wang Zhongjie , Wang Yali , Geng Yahong , Wen Xiaobin , Li Yeguang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: The oleaginous microalga Graesiella emersonii, a potential industrial strain for lipid production, is frequently infected by the endoparasite Amoeboaphelidium protococcarum. It is essential to investigate the microalgae–endoparasite interaction to prevent and control microalgal diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms of microalgal host-pathogen interactions remain largely unknown. In this study, we applied physiological and simultaneous dual transcriptomic analysis to characterize the G. emersonii–A. protococcarum interaction for the first time. Results: Three infection stages were determined according to infection rate and physiological features. Dual RNA-seq results showed that the genes expression of G. emersonii and A. protococcarum were strongly dynamically regulated during the infection. For microalgal hosts, the expression of defense genes involved in the pattern recognition receptors, large heat shock proteins, and reactive oxygen scavenging enzymes (glutathione, ferritin, and catalase) were significantly upregulated during infection. However, some genes encoding resistance proteins (R proteins) with a leucine-rich repeat domain exhibited no significant changes during infection. Furthermore, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and endocytosis were strongly affected by A. protococcarum infection. For endoparasite A. protococcarum, genes for carbohydrate-active enzymes, pathogen-host interactions, and putative effectors were significantly upregulated during infection. Furthermore, the genes in cluster II were significantly enriched in pathways associated with the modulation of vacuole transport, including endocytosis, phagosome, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, and SNARE interactions in vesicular transport pathways.Conclusions: Our data provide a new promising basis for complete understanding of the algal host defense strategies and parasite pathogenicity. This is beneficial for the screening of resistant microalgal strains and developing control strategies for microalgal diseases.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice about the menstruation among secondary school girls in Herat, Afghanistan - A cross sectional study
Authors: Neyazi Ahmad , Faizi Gulalai , Afzali Habibah , Ahmadi Mozhgan , Razaqi Nosaibah , Frough Zahra , Bhattacharya Sudip 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: The experience of menarche is often horrifying for adolescent girls due to their lack of information on menstruation cycle and menstrual vaginal bleeding. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and practice about menstruation and menstruation hygiene among secondary school girls in Herat, Afghanistan.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 10th March 2021 to 15th April 2021 among secondary schools’ girls in Herat, Afghanistan to evaluate the secondary school girls’ knowledge on menstruation and menstruation hygiene. Sample size was calculated as 768 girls. Data were evaluated in IBM SPSS program.Results: In this study 53.3% of girls a good knowledge on menstruation and menstruation hygiene. Only 15.9% of girls who did not experienced menarche at the time of this study, has a good knowledge score on menstruation and menstruation hygiene. 32.9% of the participants took rest and may missed their school during menstrual bleeding. Only 2.1% of the participants’ first source of information on menstruation and menstruation hygiene was their teachers. The findings of the study show significant association between the fathers’ educational level and girls’ knowledge of menstruation and menstruation hygiene.Conclusion: Girls knowledge on menstruations and menstruation hygiene was found to be lower than other countries. Awareness campaigns regarding the menstruation and menstruation hygiene are recommended to be conducted. However, it would be better to add a subject for secondary school girls so they can learn more and openly on this matter.
Psychosocial burden and associated factors among nurses in care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from a retrospective survey in Germany
Authors: Hering Christian , Gangnus Annabell , Budnick Andrea , Kohl Raphael , Steinhagen-Thiessen Elisabeth , Kuhlmey Adelheid , Gellert Paul 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Care homes were hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic. Although high levels of psychosocial burden (i.e., anxiety, depression and stress) during the pandemic have been described for healthcare workers in hospitals, evidence on the psychosocial burden for nurses in care homes during the pandemic is scarce.
Methods
A total of 811 nurses participated in a retrospective online survey between November 2020 and February 2021. Information about the COVID-19 situation (i.e., working demands, COVID-19 cases in their facility, and COVID-19-related burden) of nurses in German care homes during the first wave of the pandemic (March 2020 to June 2020) was gathered. The Stress Scale of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (SDASS-21), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-2 (GAD-2), the Patients-Health-Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2), and the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ) were used to screen for psychosocial burden.
Results
Among nurses, 94.1% stated that work demands since the COVID-19 pandemic increased. Further, 57.5% showed clinically relevant levels of either stress, anxiety, and/or depression. Multiple regression analysis showed significant associations between COVID-19-related burden and qualification (p < .01), dissatisfaction with COVID-19 management of care home manager (p < .05), COVID-19-related anxiety (p < .001), and dementia as a focus of care (p < .05). Stress, depression, and anxiety showed associations with COVID-19 related burden at work (p < .01), COVID-19-related anxiety (p < .001), social support (p < .01), and sense of community (p < .05). Stress was also associated with COVID-19 cases among residents (p < .05), and size of care home (p < .05).
Conclusion
Short- and long-term strategies (i.e., psychosocial counseling, mandatory team meetings, more highly qualified nurses, additional training) in the work environment of nursing, in crises, but beyond, should be encouraged to reduce the burden on nursing staff in care homes.
Is the Prevalence of Estimated Pelvic Congestion Higher than Examined? A Retrospective Study of Consecutive Abdominopelvic Computed Tomography Analyses
Authors: Akdeniz Hüseyin 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Chronic Pelvic Pain (CPP) is a common complaint in women, and is the
key factor in the diagnosis of Pelvic Congestion Syndrome (PCS).

Introduction:
Consecutive abdominal and pelvic Computed Tomography (CT) scans in adult female
patients not diagnosed with PCS and collected over a period of 3 years were evaluated retrospectively
to determine the prevalence of underestimated Pelvic Congestion (PC).

Methods:
500 consecutive abdominal and pelvic CT scans collected from female patients aged
18-80 years were retrospectively analyzed for the presence of PC.

Results:
90 of the CT scans examined showed the presence of PC (18%). These patients were divided
into two groups: Group I had 52 scans with unilateral PC, while Group II had 38 scans with the
bilateral enlarged Ovarian Vein (OV). Left and right OV diameters were measured as 7.14±2.15
and 5.56±1.87 mm, respectively. Co-occurrence of additional vascular anomalies, such as nutcracker-
type compression of the left renal vein, and May Thurner, was significantly higher in Group I
than Group II (p<0.001). The diameter of the OV remained wide irrespective of age in Group I, but
showed a decrease with increasing age in Group II. The most common complaint was abdominal
pain; these patients required an average of six referrals to two different clinics (primarily general
surgery and internal medicine) before being diagnosed with PC.

Conclusion:
The diagnosis of PCS remains to be an important problem for patients because of insufficient
perception of physicians. PCS should be considered in female patients with complaints
of chronic abdominal and pelvic pain and CT may be a valuable examination tool for diagnosis.
Chaotic Dynamics and Stability of Liposomal Nanosystems
Authors: Naziris Nikolaos , Chountoulesi Maria , Stavrinides Stavros , Hanias Michael , Demetzos Costas 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Natural and living systems are dynamical systems that demonstrate complex
behavior, which appears to be deterministic chaotic, characterized and governed by entropy increase
and loss of information throughout their entire lifespan. Lipidic nanoparticles, such as liposomes, as
artificial biomembranes, have long been considered appropriate models for studying various membrane
phenomena that cell systems exhibit. By utilizing these models, we can better comprehend
cellular functions, stability, as well as factors that might alter the cell physiology, leading to severe
disease states. In addition, liposomes are well-established drug and vaccine delivery nanosystems,
which are present in the market, playing a significant role; therefore, due to their importance, issues
concerning their effectiveness and stability are research topics that are constantly investigated and
updated.

Methods:
In this study, the emergent deterministic chaotic behavior of liposomes is described, while
evaluation in accordance to their colloidal physical stability, by utilizing established nonlinear dynamics
tools, is presented. Two liposomes of different composition and physical stability were developed
and a chaotic evaluation on the time series of their size and polydispersity was conducted.

Results:
The utilized models revealed instability, loss of information and order loss for both liposomes
in due time, with important differentiations. An initial interpretation of the results is apposed,
whereas the foundations for further investigating possible exploitation of the demonstrated nonlinearity
and adaptability of artificial biomembranes is laid, with projection on biosystems.

Conclusion:
The present approach is expected to impact the application of lipidic nanoparticles and
liposomes in various crucial fields, such as drug and vaccine delivery, providing useful information
for both the academia and industry.
Reliability Assessment of Power Generation System Using an Optimized State Enumeration Method
Authors: Wang Kaixuan , Zhang Zhiyan , Tian Guangxi , Xu Gang , Zhao Hongfei 
Published: August 2021

Background:
The single state enumeration method cannot meet the requirement of accuracy
and high efficiency in the reliability assessment of complex power systems because of many
uncertain factors and the large scale of the power grid.

Methods:
A new method of generating system reliability assessment based on Self-Organizing
Map (SOM) neural network and state enumeration is presented. First, the input parameters of the
state enumeration method are optimized by using the feature of the SOM neural network algorithm
that can automatically, quickly, and accurately classify the sample parameters in this method. Second,
combining with Markov Model, the optimized system state samples are divided into fault
state and normal state, and then the reliability indexes are enumerated. Finally, this method is used
to calculate the reliability indexes of IEEE-RTS single-stage power units under different operation
conditions.

Results:
The results show that this method is superior to the single state enumeration method in
calculating time; it can be used to evaluate the reliability of modern complex power systems.

Conclusion:
The optimized state enumeration method is more suitable to evaluate the reliability of
the system with a large network scale, and its reliability index is more accurate; while retaining the
higher calculation accuracy of the state enumeration method, it can promote the safe, reliable, and
economical operation of the power system.
Kaempferol-3-O-Rhamnoside Inhibits the Proliferation of Jurkat Cells
Through Jun Amino-Terminal Kinase Signaling
Authors: Barliana Melisa Intan , Diantini Ajeng , Subarnas Anas , Abdulah Rizky 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Indonesian herbal medicine has become target of new drugs against diseases,
including cancer. The high incidence and mortality rate of cancer, anticancer resistance, and
side effects of chemotherapy contribute to the urgency of researching novel anticancer drugs. A natural
product from Schima wallichii Korth., an Indonesian herbal medicine empirically used for
many diseases, has shown anticancer activity in MCF-7 and LNCaP cells.

Objective:
In this study, we investigated the antiproliferative mechanism of the active compound of
S. wallichii, kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside, against Jurkat cells.

Methods:
Treated cells were analyzed using a proliferation assay and real time-reverse transcriptase
polymerase chain reaction for IL-2 mRNA measurement. The mechanism of antiproliferative
activity was assesed by western blotting analysis for Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs).

Results:
Kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside has an antiproliferative activity at IC50 of 76.3 μM and
slightly inhibited IL-2 mRNA expression. The mechanism to inhibit Jurkat cells proliferation was
through the stimulation of phosphorylated Jun amino-terminal kinase.

Conclusions:
The present study observed the molecular mechanism of antiproliferative activity of
kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside.
Internet-Based HIV Self-Testing Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Through Pre-exposure Prophylaxis: 3-Month Prospective Cohort Analysis From China
Authors: Zhang Jing , Tucker Joseph , Tang Weiming , Wang Hongyi , Chu Zhenxing , Hu Qinghai , Huang Xiaojie , Chen Yaokai , Wang Hui , He Xiaoqing , Li Yao , Zhang Lukun , Hu Zhili , Bao Rantong , Li Shangcao , Li Hang , Ding Haibo , Jiang Yongjun , Geng Wenqing , Xu Junjie , Shang Hong 
Published: August 2021

Background
Routine HIV testing accompanied with pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) requires innovative support in a real-world setting.

Objective
This study aimed to determine the usage of HIV self-testing (HIVST) kits and their secondary distribution to partners among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China, who use PrEP, in an observational study between 2018 and 2019.

Methods
In 4 major cities in China, we prospectively followed-up MSM from the China Real-world oral PrEP demonstration study, which provides daily or on-demand PrEP for 12 months, to assess the usage and secondary distribution of HIVST on quarterly follow-ups. Half of the PrEP users were randomized to receive 2 HIVSTs per month in addition to quarterly facility-based HIV testing. We evaluated the feasibility of providing HIVST to PrEP users.

Results
We recruited 939 MSM and randomized 471 to receive HIVST, among whom 235 (49.9%) were daily and 236 (50.1%) were on-demand PrEP users. At baseline, the median age was 29 years, 390 (82.0%) men had at least college-level education, and 119 (25.3%) had never undergone facility-based HIV testing before. Three months after PrEP initiation, 341 (74.5%) men had used the HIVST provided to them and found it very easy to use. Among them, 180 of 341 (52.8%) men had distributed the HIVST kits it to other MSM, and 132 (51.6%) among the 256 men who returned HIVST results reported that used it with their sexual partners at the onset of intercourse. Participants on daily PrEP were more likely to use HIVST (adjusted hazard ratio=1.3, 95% CI 1.0-1.6) and distribute HIVST kits (adjusted hazard ratio=1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.7) than those using on-demand PrEP.

Conclusions
MSM who used PrEP had a high rate of usage and secondary distribution of HIVST kits, especially among those on daily PrEP, which suggested high feasibility and necessity for HIVST after PrEP initiation. Assuming that fourth-generation HIVST kits are available, HIVST may be able to replace facility-based HIV testing to a certain extent.

Trial Registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1800020374; https://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=32481

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036231
Effects of Telemetric Interventions on Maternal and Fetal or Neonatal Outcomes in Gestational Diabetes: Systematic Meta-Review
Authors: Eberle Claudia , Stichling Stefanie 
Published: August 2021

Background
In 2019, 1 of 6 births was affected by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) globally. GDM results in adverse maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes in the short and long term, such as pregnancy and birth complications, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. In the context of “transgenerational programming,” diabetes mellitus during pregnancy can contribute to “programming” errors and long-term consequences for the child. Therefore, early therapy strategies are required to improve the clinical management of GDM. The interest in digital therapy approaches, such as telemetry, has increased because they are promising, innovative, and sustainable.

Objective
This study aimed to assess the current evidence regarding the clinical effectiveness of telemetric interventions in the management of GDM, addressing maternal glycemic control, scheduled and unscheduled visits, satisfaction, diabetes self-efficacy, compliance, maternal complications in pregnancy and childbirth, as well as fetal and neonatal outcomes.

Methods
Medline via PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL databases were systematically searched from January 2008 to April 2020. We included randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical trials in English and German. Study quality was assessed using “A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews” and “Effective Public Health Practice Project.”

Results
Our search identified 1116 unique studies. Finally, we included 11 suitable studies (including a total of 563 patients and 2779 patient cases): 4 systematic reviews or meta-analyses (1 of high quality and 3 of moderate quality), 6 randomized controlled trials (2 of high quality and 4 of moderate quality), and 1 low-quality nonrandomized controlled trial. We classified 4 “asynchronous interventions” and 3 “asynchronous and real-time interventions.” Our findings indicate that telemetric therapy clearly improves glycemic control and effectively reduces glycated hemoglobin A1c levels. Furthermore, in 1 study, telemetry proved to be a significant predictor for a better glycemic control (hazard ratio=1.71, 95% CI 1.11-2.65; P=.02), significantly fewer insulin titrations were required (P=.04), and glycemic control was achieved earlier. Telemetric therapy significantly reduced scheduled and unscheduled clinic visits effectively, and women were highly satisfied with the treatment (P<.05). From fetal and neonatal short-term outcomes, some improving tendencies in favor of telemetry were determined. No long-term outcomes were detected.

Conclusions
Telemetric interventions clearly improved glycemic control, notably glycated hemoglobin A1c levels, and reduced scheduled and unscheduled clinic visits effectively, which reinforces this digital approach in the treatment of GDM.
Association Between Social Media Use and Cancer Screening Awareness and Behavior for People Without a Cancer Diagnosis: Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Qin Lei , Zhang Xiaomei , Wu Anlin , Miser James S , Liu Yen-Lin , Hsu Jason C , Shia Ben-Chang , Ye Linglong 
Published: August 2021

Background
The use of social media in communications regarding cancer prevention is rapidly growing. However, less is known about the general population’s social media use related to cancer screening awareness and behavior for different cancers.

Objective
We aimed to examine the relationship between social media use and cancer screening awareness and behavior among people without a cancer diagnosis.

Methods
Data were collected from the Health Information National Trends Survey 5 Cycle 1 to 3 in the United States (n=12,227). Our study included 10,124 participants without a cancer diagnosis and 3 measures of screening awareness (those who had heard of hepatitis C virus [HCV], human papillomavirus [HPV], and the HPV vaccine) and 4 measures of behavior (those who had prostate-specific antigen tests, Papanicolaou tests for cervical cancer, as well as breast cancer and colon cancer tests). Propensity-score matching was conducted to adjust for the sociodemographic variables between the social media user and nonuser participants. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association of social media use by gender. Jackknife replicate weights were incorporated into the analyses.

Results
Of the 3794 matched participants, 1861 (57.6% weighted) were male, and the mean age was 55.5 (SD 0.42) years. Compared to social media nonusers, users were more likely to have heard of HCV (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=2.27, 95% CI, 1.29-3.98 and aOR=2.86, 95% CI, 1.51-5.40, for male and female users, respectively) and HPV (aOR=1.82, 95% CI, 1.29-2.58 and aOR=2.35, 95% CI, 1.65-3.33, for male and female users, respectively). In addition, female users were more likely to have heard of the HPV vaccine (aOR=2.06, 95% CI, 1.41-3.00). No significant associations were found between social media use and prostate-specific antigen tests in males, Papanicolaou tests and breast cancer tests in females, or colon cancer tests in both male and female users.

Conclusions
While social media services can potentially promote cancer screening awareness in the general population, but they did not improve screening behavior after adjusting for socioeconomic status. These findings strengthened our understanding of social media use in targeting health communications for different cancers.