bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Readability of Patient-reported Outcome Measures Used in Plastic Surgery
Authors: Zamore Zachary , Azad Chao Long , Zhu Lily , Lowe Chenery , Giladi Aviram M. 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Patient-reported outcomes are essential to understanding success in plastic surgery procedures, many that aim to improve quality of life. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) should be written at or below the sixth-grade reading level recommended by the American Medical Association. This study aimed to evaluate the readability of plastic surgery PROMs.

Methods:
We conducted a literature review to identify validated, commonly used PROMs in plastic surgery. We extracted PROMs’ text and instructions and analyzed readability using different approaches that estimate the grade level required to understand. Our primary outcome was the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) index, which detects word complexity and expects 100% comprehension at the grade level rating assigned. We also included the Flesch-Kincaid grade level, Coleman-Liau index, and automated readability index.

Results:
Forty-three PROMs met the inclusion criteria. The mean SMOG index was 8.2 (SD = 1.3), indicating an eighth-grade reading level. Mean reading grade levels measured by the Flesch-Kincaid grade level, Coleman-Liau index, and automated readability index ranged from third to sixth grade, although these may underestimate readability difficulties. Only 6 (14%) PROMs had a SMOG index at or below the sixth-grade level. PROM instructions had significantly higher reading levels than the questions/responses for all readability indexes (P < 0.01).

Conclusions:
PROMs used in plastic surgery, including the instructions, exceed the reading level recommended by the American Medical Association. This may limit comprehension and accurate completion and compromise validity and reliability. PROMs should be written and designed to be accessible to patients of all literacy levels.
Implications of myopia in diagnosis and screening of open angle glaucoma
Authors: Iwase Aiko , Araie Makoto 
Published: December 2024

Purpose of review
Rapid increase in the prevalence of myopia has been documented worldwide. Myopia, especially high myopia, is not only an important risk factor for having open angle glaucoma (OAG), but also has a strong linking with the progression of OAG. Since myopic axial length (AXL) elongation is associated with nonglaucomatous optic nerve head (ONH) and visual field abnormalities, myopia poses a challenge in differential diagnosis of OAG. This review provides an overview of literature studying relationships between myopic AXL-elongation and diagnosis and prognosis of OAG, and functional and structural changes in the eye.

Recent findings
Studies using optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT-angiography, those using standard automated perimetry (SAP), other perimetric or electrophysiological methods showed dose-dependent effects of myopic AXL elongation on the structural changes in the ONH and parapapillary tissues, and functional abnormalities of an eye. Large cohort studies showed approximately one quarter of eyes with nonpathologic high myopia were complicated with various patterns of visual field defects including glaucoma-like ones.

Summary
Findings of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies obtained using various fundus imaging devices must be integrated to perimetric results to improve differential diagnosis of OAG in myopic eyes, in which artificial intelligence technology may be useful.
A Novel Surgical Technique Involving Bone Fixation Canthoplasty, Middle Lamellar Recession and Mucograft Spacer in Treating Patients with Euryblepharon
Authors: Samia-Aly Emma , Sorkou Konstantina , Ezra Daniel 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
Euryblepharon is a rare congenital eyelid malformation characterized by symmetrical horizontal enlargement of the palpebral fissure. The eyelid is shortened vertically compared with the horizontal dimension. The lateral canthus is most commonly affected. It can be isolated or associated with other anomalies and it is unclear what causes this appearance. Conservative treatment is the mainstay of treatment; however, in some severe cases, surgery is necessary. Surgery has been reported with varying degrees of success with failure of the resolution of the functional or cosmetic elements.

Methods:
In a retrospective case review, 7 patients were identified with euryblepharon. Some had mild changes and were asymptomatic with no concerns regarding the appearance of their eyelids, while others suffered from ocular irritation and dry eyes and were bothered by the cosmesis. Three opted to go ahead with surgery as they found conservative measures to be unsatisfactory.

Results:
For those patients who opted for surgery, the authors performed lower eyelid bone fixation canthoplasty with septoretractor recession with or without a mucograft spacer. This technique corrected both their functional and cosmetic elements.

Conclusion:
The success in normalizing the lower lid position and contour without skin augmentation suggests that the underlying pathology is related to middle lamellar retraction and lateral canthal dystopia rather than skin deficiency. This new technique corrects both the functional and aesthetic issues without compromising on either element which has been the case in previous studies. It is also tissue-sparing and can be done as a day-case procedure.
Men, masculinities, and mental health: Key issues for nurse practitioners
Authors: Adler Rachel H. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Men's mental health is an important topic for nurse practitioners (NPs) because men and women have different epidemiological profiles and clinical presentations when it comes to behavioral health. As clinicians, we must be aware of these differences to better serve diverse patient populations. In this article, four key issues to men's mental health will be discussed in relationship to masculinities: suicide; depression; stigma; and engagement with mental health services. A case study of a male patient is presented, and the article concludes with clinical implications for NPs.
Duplicate gallbladders misdiagnosed as residual cholecystitis: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Ma Xian-Shi , Feng Mei-Fa , Ke Song , Yang Liu 
Published: December 2024

Rationale:
Duplication of gallbladder is a rare anomaly in humans, as it is very rare for a duplication of gallbladder to be missed during the first cholecystectomy and thus require a second cholecystectomy.

Patient concerns:
A 42-year-old man came to our hospital with paroxysmal right upper abdominal pain for 10 days. In addition to the pain, he also had transient jaundice. He had undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) 1 year ago. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed gallstones, intrahepatic bile duct stones with cholangitis, no dilatation of the common bile duct, and a cystic structure was visible in the upper part of common bile duct. The patient underwent LC again, and the intraoperative diagnosis was duplication of gallbladder.

Diagnosis:
The patient was diagnosed with duplication of gallbladder during surgery.

Interventions:
The patient underwent LC again.

Outcomes:
The patient underwent LC again, and was diagnosed with duplicated gallbladder during the operation. The operation was successful and the patient was discharged on the 5th day after the operation without other complications.

Lessons:
Our case and literature review showed that there are no specific signs of duplicated gallbladders, and ultrasound has a low sensitivity for the diagnosis of double gallbladders, so double gallbladders are easily missed. Patients with double gallbladders may have multiple missed diagnoses during diagnosis and treatment, as in this case. When patients experience upper abdominal pain again after gallbladder removal, we should be alert and consider the possibility of duplicated gallbladders.
Primary pulmonary plasmacytoma: A case report
Authors: Jin Cong , Yan Lina , Zhang Jing , Cao Lihua , Zhang Dan 
Published: December 2024

Rationale:
Extramedullary plasmacytoma is an extremely rare malignant clonal plasmacytoma, which can occur in any tissue or organ of the body other than bone marrow hematopoietic tissue. Lesions mostly occur in the head and neck or upper respiratory tract, and rarely in the lower respiratory tract. Primary plasmacytoma of the lung, also known as primary pulmonary plasmacytoma (PPP), is rarer and is mainly diagnosed on the basis of the histopathology of biopsy tissue. In this report, we present a case of PPP.

Patient concerns:
A 65-year-old woman with repeated episodes of cough and sputum for many years was hospitalized for an acute episode of chest pain and shortness of breath. Chest computed tomography revealed bilateral inflammation of multiple lobes, accompanied by slight bronchial dilatation.

Diagnoses:
The results of pathology of the electronic bronchoscopy sample were different from those of common infections but were consistent with plasmacytoma.

Interventions and outcomes:
The patient was discharged after hormone anti-inflammatory therapy. As patients lose contact, further follow-up of the patient was not possible.

Lessons:
PPP is a rare lung tumor, and diagnosis of this lesion on the basis of bronchoscopic biopsy is even rarer. With this case report, we seek to enhance the awareness and understanding of PPP. We recommend that in cases wherein chest imaging findings suggest multiple lung lesions, the possibility of pulmonary plasmacytoma should also be considered, and biopsy should be actively performed to confirm the diagnosis and guide treatment. This report provides valuable insights and guidance for clinicians in the management and diagnosis of patients with PPP.
Leptospirosis manifested with severe pulmonary hemorrhagic syndrome successfully treated with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A case report and literature review
Authors: Zhang Xing-Cheng , Lei Xi-Qun , Sun Yun , Shan Nan-Bing 
Published: December 2024

Rationale:
The mortality rate associated with pulmonary hemorrhage induced by leptospirosis is notably high. Available treatment modalities are limited, and their efficacy has not been fully demonstrated. Here, we present the case report of a patient with leptospirosis-induced pulmonary hemorrhagic syndrome. A 49-year-old male patient was admitted to the Surgical Ward of the Department of Intensive Care Medicine of Fuyang Infectious Disease Clinical College of Anhui Medical University. The patient had initially sought medical attention at a local hospital due to symptoms of fever persisting for 4 days and chest tightness accompanied by hemoptysis for 1 day.

Patient concerns:
We present the case report of a patient with leptospirosis-induced pulmonary hemorrhagic syndrome. Hemoptysis persisted in our patient during VV-ECMO, although we adjusted the heparin regimen to maintain an activated partial thromboplastin time target value of 50 to 55 seconds.

Diagnoses:
Leptospirosis-induced pulmonary hemorrhagic syndrome.

Interventions:
He was immediately intubated and mechanically ventilated and then transferred to our hospital for further medical intervention. Upon arrival at our hospital, he was treated with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO). Consequently, he was administered penicillin and omacycline for anti-infective therapy. Anti-inflammatory agents, high-dose vasoactive drugs to enhance blood pressure, continuous renal replacement therapy, tracheal sputum aspiration, and ventilator-assisted ventilation were also administered as part of the treatment protocol.

Outcomes:
After treatment, his inflammation index was significantly decreased, the amount of pulmonary bleeding was reduced, his oxygenation ratio was improved, and the pulmonary lesions were absorbed. Consequently, he was discharged on the 34th day of hospitalization.

Lessons:
We successfully treated a case of leptospirosis pulmonary hemorrhagic syndrome using VV-ECMO combined with prudent anticoagulant therapy.
Case report of antifungal drug-induced phlebitis in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Wen Jia-Quan , Guo Xing-Yu , Xie Yan-Qun , Zhang Jun-Jun , Mei Jun-Hui 
Published: December 2024

Rationale:
This article summarized the nursing experience of phlebitis caused by intravenous infusion of amphotericin B cholesterol sulfate complex in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome.

Patient concerns:
A 59-year-old man with myelodysplastic syndrome complicated with fungal infection was treated with antifungal therapy.

Diagnoses:
Patient with myelodysplastic syndrome was diagnosed with secondary phlebitis caused by liposomal amphotericin B.

Interventions:
The focus of nursing care was to use infrared rays of a specific electromagnetic wave therapy device to treat the patient’s phlebitis.

Outcomes:
After 30 minutes each time, twice a day, the patient’s phlebitis was cured after 6 days of continuous use.

Lessons:
The specific electromagnetic wave therapy can make the phlebitis caused by amphotericin B quickly heal, which is helpful for the smooth implementation of the antifungal treatment program.
The effect of lidocaine infusion in oncologic surgery: A bibliometric analysis based on CiteSpace
Authors: Lv Ranxu , Wang Yong , Sun Jing , Kang Yuqing , Mou Chunyan , Chen Yujing , Feng Zhaoming , Xue Xing 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Over the past 2 decades, lidocaine’s application in oncologic surgery has received significant attention. It has potential antitumor effects and acts as a chemosensitizer. The aim of this study is to analyze the process and frontiers of lidocaine application in oncologic surgery over the past 20 years.

Methods:
A bibliometric analysis was performed and CiteSpace software was used to conduct metrology, co-occurrence, and cluster analysis. Articles retrieved from the Web of Science database from January 1, 2004 to May 27, 2024. Inclusion criteria comprised peer-reviewed original articles or reviews on lidocaine and cancer, excluding conference abstracts, corrigenda, repeated publications, and unrelated articles.

Results:
A total of 956 articles were included in this study. Two hundred seventeen were selected for detailed analysis. The annual publication count showed an overall increasing trend, peaking in 2022. The United States emerged as the leading country in terms of publication frequency and centrality. Major research themes included lidocaine’s antiproliferative effects, enhancement of chemotherapy efficacy, and various administration methods.

Conclusion:
Based on the above results, we draw a conclusion that the relationship between lidocaine and cancer has garnered increasing attention, with research in this area rapidly developing. Lidocaine exhibits significant antitumor effects and potential as a chemosensitizer, enhancing the efficacy of traditional chemotherapy. These findings underscore the importance of further research to fully elucidate lidocaine’s mechanisms and its potential clinical applications in oncology.
Efficacy of secukinumab in Takayasu arteritis with myocardial infarction complicated with generalized pustular psoriasis: A case report
Authors: Asano Tomoyuki , Yoshida Shuhei , Matsuoka Naoki , Ishikawa Masato , Sato Akihiko , Ogawa Shotaro , Saito Kenji , Sumichika Yuya , Matsumoto Haruki , Temmoku Jumpei , Fujita Yuya , Sato Shuzo , Takeishi Yasuchika , Yamamoto Toshiyuki , Migita Kiyoshi 
Published: December 2024

Rationale:
Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation targeting the aortic wall. Since many patients are resistant to steroid treatment, multiple immunosuppressants or interleukin-6 (IL-6) suppression therapy have served as treatment alternatives. However, there are very few reports on the effectiveness of biologics against inflammatory cytokines upstream of IL-6.

Patient concerns:
We present a case of TAK in a 51-year-old female presenting with a myocardial infarction. She had persistent carotid wall thickening despite glucocorticoid (GC) therapy, and IL-6 suppression therapy was being proactively considered. While the GC was being tapered, widespread pustules appeared all over her body.

Diagnosis:
TAK complicated with generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP).

Interventions:
Aside from GC, the patient was treated with secukinumab (SEC), an anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibody.

Outcomes:
Immediately after treatment with SEC, the pustules disappeared, and the thickening of the common carotid artery wall improved on ultrasound.

Lessons:
Since IL-17 is an important cytokine in the pathogenesis of TAK, anti-cytokine therapy targeting IL-17 may be effective for TAK.
Osmotic demyelination syndrome: Case report and literature retrospect
Authors: Yu Zhenzhen , Wang Chen 
Published: December 2024

Rationale:
Osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) is a noninflammatory demyelinating disorder involving the pontis and other regions of the central nervous system. This article tries to enhance the understanding of ODS. Combined with clinical features, we use laboratory/imaging examination and literature review.

Patient concerns:
We report on 4 ODS cases and review the different etiologies, clinical manifestations, and possible pathophysiology.

Diagnoses:
We provide an update on the diagnosis and treatment of ODS, with a special focus on the prevention of ODS.

Interventions:
We corrected the hyponatremia appropriately and treated complications.

Outcomes:
The development of ODS is by association with a variety of clinical conditions. Also, the prognosis of ODS is heterogeneous, ranging from complete recovery to vegetative state, even death. However, there is no specific effective treatment, thus, it is more important to recognize the path mechanism of ODS and to avoid its occurrence.

Lessons:
It is essential to reduce the risk of suffering this potentially devastating disease through an appropriate rate of hyponatremia correction and the treatment of comorbid clinical conditions.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis mimicking hematoma of the lower eyelid: A case report
Authors: Li Jing , Ren Mingyu , Wang Jianjie , Cheng Yanyan , Li Ruimiao , Lu Lu , Zhang Ruina 
Published: December 2024

Rationale:
The orbital Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is rare clinically, due to its ability to mimic other conditions, distinguishing LCH from hematoma when these disorders coexist can be particularly challenging.

Patient concerns:
A 3-year-old boy presented with a 2-week history of unresolved bruising and swelling of the left eye. CT revealed a well-defined cystic lesion in the preseptal tissues of the left eyelid, with an incomplete bone structure at the lower margin of the orbit. MRI revealed a well-circumscribed circular mass in the lower margin of the orbit, and a second lesion under the hematoma.

Diagnosis:
Postoperative histological examination revealed a diagnosis of LCH with concurrent hematoma.

Interventions:
The lesions in the left eye were surgically removed through a lower eyelid skin incision under general anesthesia. The patient received 6 courses of systemic chemotherapy, consisting of a combination of vinblastine and prednisolone.

Outcomes:
No recurrence was observed after a follow-up period of 11 months.

Lessons:
LCH rarely occurs at the infraorbital margin. When external factors, lead to local bleeding and hematoma formation, the presence of lesions may be masked, resulting in a missed diagnosis. Radiographic features such as localized “worm-eaten” bone destruction should not be overlooked for timely LCH diagnosis and treatment.
Dual antiplatelet therapy in GI-bleed patients with extensive coronary artery disease history: a systematic review
Authors: Onimisi Abdulrahim Abdulrashid , Yahya Abd-Alhadi Mohannad Jawad , Hussein Mahmoud Hussein Attia , Sarwar Ayesha , Akram Anum , Alvarado Walter Jauregui , Sadik Olamide , Kesireddy Srija Reddy , Mumtaz Hassan 
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
Extensive coronary artery disease whether at initial presentation or after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), involves the use of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) as a very significant therapeutic option. There are many reasons why clinicians should weigh the risks of bleeding and cardiovascular thrombosis when deciding whether to maintain or discontinue DAPT in such patients.

Methods:
This comprehensive review systematically analysed via electronic databases, a total of 39 papers most of which were on countries in Southeast Asia. The focus was on randomized control designs (RCTs) & observational studies.

Results and discussion:
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug eluting stents (DES) was the most common method of treating acute coronary syndrome. The study found more independent predictors of gastrointestinal bleeding in young and elderly patients from Southeast Asia. The precise DAPT score was more readily used among various bleeding risk prediction models for patients on antiplatelet therapy.

Conclusion:
The use of DAPT in the setting of the gastrointestinal bleeding risk in patients with coronary artery disease has been studied extensively, but there are still no clearly defined strategies and very definite answers to the risk of bleeding versus cardiac event envisaged during the management of an extensive acute coronary disease mostly in southeast Asia. More studies using good study designs and statistics and establishing clinical prediction rules, are needed to fill this knowledge gap most especially in Southeast Asia and Middle East.
Cystic parathyroid lesion: case report of rare entity
Authors: Princi Pietro , Di Fede Ludovica , Tempera Serena Elisa , Salvi Giulia , De Ninno Maria , Veleno Miriam , Nigro Casimiro 
Published: December 2024

Introduction and importance:
Parathyroid cysts are rarely encountered in neck surgery and often misdiagnosed. We review the case incidence and treatment of parathyroid cystic lesions among all neck procedure in two single institutions operated on by a single surgeon.

Case presentation:
We report two female patients presenting with neck swallowing, dysphagia, choking and occasional dysphonia. Ultrasound US (ultrasound) imaging revealed two neck masses of 66 × 44 mm and 44 × 25 × 23 mm; serum iPTH (intact Parathyroid Hormone) levels were 238 and 699 ng/mL respectively and sestamibi scintiscan results were negative for both masses. Intra-cystic fluid evaluation of PTH showed elevated value (>5000 ng/ml). Both patients underwent parathyroidectomy along with total thyroidectomy and thyroid lobectomy. Post-operatively I-PTH and serum calcium levels became normal. Final histology confirmed a benign parathyroid cystic adenoma with concomitant benign thyroid disease.

Clinical discussion:
Parathyroid cyst is of rare entity and a diagnostic challenge.

Conclusions:
This case report demonstrates that fine needle aspiration (FNA) fluid with intra-cystic parathyroid analysis shows to be fundamental and supports surgery for hyperparathyroidism resolution.