bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Specialist Palliative Care and Outcomes for Hospitalized Patients with Dementia
Authors: Lackraj Deven , Kavalieratos Dio , Murali Komal P. , Lu Yewei , Hua May 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundIn patients with serious illness, use of specialist palliative care may result in improved quality of life, patient and caregiver satisfaction and advance care planning, as well as lower health care utilization. However, evidence of efficacy is limited for patients with dementia, particularly in the setting of an acute hospitalization.ObjectiveTo determine whether implementation of hospital‐based specialist palliative care was associated with differences in treatment intensity outcomes for hospitalized patients with dementia.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingFifty‐one hospitals in New York State that either did or did not implement a palliative care program between 2008 and 2014. Hospitals that consistently had a palliative care program during the study period were excluded.ParticipantsHospitalized patients with dementia.MeasurementsThe primary outcome of this study was discharge to hospice from an acute hospitalization. Secondary outcomes included hospital length of stay, use of mechanical ventilation and dialysis, and days in intensive care. Difference‐in‐difference analyses were performed using multilevel regression to assess the association between implementing a palliative care program and outcomes, while adjusting for patient and hospital characteristics and time trends.ResultsDuring the study period, 82,118 patients with dementia (mean (SD) age, 83.04 (10.04), 51,170 (62.21%) female) underwent an acute hospitalization, of which 41,227 (50.27%) received care in hospitals that implemented a palliative care program. In comparison to patients who received care in hospitals without palliative care, patients with dementia who received care in hospitals after the implementation of palliative care were more 35% likely to be discharged to hospice (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.35 (1.19–1.51), P < .001). No meaningful differences in secondary outcomes were observed.ConclusionImplementation of a specialist palliative care program was associated with an increase in discharge to hospice following acute hospitalization in patients with dementia.
Fortifying Home and Yard: Metal, Vegetation, and the Embodied Practice of Middle‐Class In/security in Jamaica
Authors: McKinson Kimberley D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA middle‐class residential aesthetics defined by fortification and security has emerged in Kingston, Jamaica, in response to the city's crime rate. In this article, I foreground the material fortification of a middle‐class property as a means by which to theoretically analyze the Caribbean home and yard as canvases upon which to envision alternate configurations of security worlds. By centering the embodied and affective performance of middle‐class choreographies of in/security, I consider the ways in which historically situated racialized and gendered narratives impinge upon middle‐class residents as well as those deemed outsiders and become implicated in the creation and curation of fortified space. This article takes seriously the Caribbean middle‐class body, metal architectures, and residential vegetation as sites upon which in/security, in its varied contours, is performed. In so doing, it illuminates both the exclusionary and emancipatory possibilities that are central to the creative making of the Caribbean's middle class.
Pulmonary thromboembolism during pregnancy and puerperium: Comparison of survival and death cases
Authors: Takakura Sho , Tanaka Hiroaki , Tanaka Kayo , Katsuragi Shinji , Hayata Eijiro , Nakata Masahiko , Hasegawa Junichi , Sekizawa Akihiko , Ishiwata Isamu , Ikeda Tomoaki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimIn Japan, the frequency of maternal deaths due to obstetric hemorrhage has been decreasing in the last decade, while that resulting from other causes such as pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) was consistent. To help reduce maternal deaths due to PTE, we investigated PTE during pregnancy and puerperium and compared the survival and death cases, and aimed to find out life and death factors.MethodsThis study was a retrospective analysis based on a clinical chart review in 407 maternal and perinatal centers. We compared the survival and death cases of PTE during pregnancy and puerperium from 2013 to 2017.ResultsIn PTE during pregnancy, the survival cases underwent significantly earlier diagnoses than the death cases, and thromboprophylaxis was performed in most of both the survival and death cases of PTE during puerperium according to the existing Japanese guidelines; however, only one fourth of the total cases underwent anticoagulation to prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE).ConclusionsEarly diagnosis of PTE in suspected cases was associated with better survival during pregnancy.
Comparison of survival outcomes between laparoscopic surgery and abdominal surgery for radical hysterectomy as primary treatment in patients with stage IB2/IIA2 cervical cancer
Authors: Chen Chunlin , Guo Jianxin , Liu Ping , Li Zhiqiang , Jiang Haixia , Zhu Qianyong , Bin Xiaonong , Lang Jinghe 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the long‐term oncological outcomes of laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH) and abdominal radical hysterectomy (ARH) for the treatment of stage IB2/IIA2 cervical cancer without preoperative adjuvant therapy.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter, retrospective, case‐matching study. The differences in overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) between the LRH and ARH were compared under the conditions of real‐world study and case–control matching (1:1 matching).ResultsThere was no significant difference in the outcomes of LRH (n = 580) and ARH (n = 1653) in 5‐year OS and DFS (OS: 80.6% vs. 86.1%, p = 0.421; DFS: 78.6% vs. 80.7%, p = 0.376). After 1:1 matching, there was no difference in 5‐year OS and DFS between LRH (n = 554) and ARH (n = 554) (OS: 80.4% vs. 84.5%, p = 0.993; DFS: 79.0% vs. 78.8%, p = 0.695). Before and after matching, the surgical approach was not an independent risk factor for 5‐year OS and DFS, and postoperative adjuvant therapy affected patient prognosis. Further subgroup analysis suggested that there was no difference in LRH (n = 313) and ARH (n = 1092) in 5‐year OS or DFS in patients who underwent standard postoperative adjuvant therapy (OS: 83.0% vs. 87.7%, p = 0.992; DFS: 79.0% vs. 82.5%, p = 0.323). After 1:1 pairing, the 5‐year OS and DFS in LRH (n = 295) and ARH (n = 295) showed no difference. Before and after matching, the surgical approach was not an independent risk factor affecting the 5‐year OS and DFS.ConclusionsThere was no difference in the oncological outcomes between laparoscopic and abdominal surgery in patients with stage IB2/IIA2 cervical cancer without preoperative adjuvant therapy.Clinical TrialsThe ethical approval number is NFEC‐2017‐135, and the clinical research registration number is CHiCTR1800017778 (International Clinical Trials Registry Platform Search Port, http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/).
Clinical features of patients who had two COVID‐19 episodes: a European multicentre case series
Authors: Lechien J. R. , Chiesa‐Estomba C. M. , Radulesco T. , Michel J. , Vaira L. A. , Le Bon S. D. , Horoi M. , Falanga C. , Barillari M. R. , Hans S. , Tucciarone M. , Saussez S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the clinical features of patients who had two demonstrated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) episodes.MethodsData of patients with both COVID‐19 episodes were recruited from 22 March to 27 December 2020. The following outcomes were studied: epidemiological, comorbidities, prevalence and severity of general and otolaryngological symptom, olfactory, aroma, and gustatory dysfunctions. A comparison between first and second episodes was performed.ResultsForty‐five patients reported having two confirmed COVID‐19 episodes. The majority of patients had mild infections in both episodes. The second clinical episode was significantly similar to the first. The symptom duration of the second episode was shorter than the first. The occurrence of loss of smell was unpredictable from the first to the second episode.ConclusionThe recurrence of COVID‐19 symptoms is associated with a similar clinical picture than the first episode in patients with initial mild‐to‐moderate COVID episode. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of second episode remain uncertain and may involve either true reinfection or virus reactivation from sanctuaries.
Identifying Differences in Nutrition‐Related Learning Interests of Adolescent Students
Authors: Miller Margaret , Barwood Donna , Furfaro Michael , Boston Julie , Smith Sandra , Masek Martin 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDIn this study, we examined nutrition‐related topics among adolescent students attending schools with different Indices of Community Socio‐Educational Advantage (ICSEA).METHODParticipating students (N = 206) from 5 schools in Western Australia completed a paper‐based questionnaire on nutrition‐related topics. Frequencies and independent chi‐square tests were used to identify differences between sexes and school ICSEA.RESULTSOf the participating students, 75% were interested in learning about 8 of 16 topics. We found statistically significant differences by sex (p < .01) for “Eating the right foods for preventing illness and disease,” “Eating the right food for being active” among girls, and “Reducing food waste” among boys. We also noted differences by school ICSEA.CONCLUSIONAcknowledging sex and socioeducational differences in teaching and learning may help teachers to engage adolescent students in nutrition education.
National digestive disease specialists survey on cardiovascular risk management in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in spanish hospitals
Authors: Iruzubieta Paula , Arias‐Loste María Teresa , Fortea José Ignacio , Cuadrado Antonio , Rivas‐Rivas Coral , Rodriguez‐Duque Juan Carlos , García‐Ibarbia Carmen , Hernández José Luis , Crespo Javier 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of mortality among non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. The aim was to explore the level of knowledge and clinical management of cardiovascular risk (CVR) in NAFLD patients by Digestive Disease specialists.MethodsAn anonymous web‐based survey was designed with 44 close‐ended questions, divided into five sections, that were based on current guidelines on CVD prevention. Between November 2019 and January 2020, Digestive Disease specialists from Spanish hospitals were invited to participate in this survey via email and Twitter. Student's t, chi‐square and Fishers' exact tests, and logistic regression were used for data analysis.Results208 clinicians completed the survey. Most respondents (83.2%) believe that NAFLD is an independent risk factor for CVD, especially in the presence of NASH and fibrosis. Personal history of CVDs and cardiovascular risk‐related comorbidities are collected by more than 75% of respondents. However, less than 17% perform an elementary physical examination to address the CVR, except weight which is evaluated by 69.8%. Over 54% of respondents do not perform or request any supplementary tests for CVR assessment, and only 10.2% use specific calculators. Furthermore, 54.3% spend less than 5 minutes giving lifestyle advice, and more than 52% do not start drug treatment after a recent diagnosis of any cardiovascular comorbidity. Only 25.6% have a multidisciplinary Unit for metabolic comorbidities in their hospitals, although 89% of the respondents would support the implementation of this Unit.ConclusionsCardiovascular risk management in daily clinical practice by Digestive Disease specialists in Spain remains suboptimal.
ComEB protein is dispensable for the transformation but must be translated for the optimal synthesis of comEC
Authors: De Santis Micaela , Hahn Jeanette , Dubnau David 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe show that the ComEB protein is not required for transformation in Bacillus subtilis, despite its expression from within the comE operon under competence control, nor is it required for the correct polar localization of ComGA. We show further that the synthesis of the putative channel protein ComEC is translationally coupled to the upstream comEB open reading frame, so that the translation of comEB and a suboptimal ribosomal‐binding site embedded in its sequence are needed for proper comEC expression. Translational coupling appears to be a common mechanism in three major competence operons for the adjustment of protein amounts independent of transcriptional control, probably ensuring the correct stoichiometries for assembly of the transformation machinery. comEB and comFC, respectively, encode cytidine deaminase and a protein resembling type 1 phosphoribosyl transferases and we speculate that nucleotide scavenging proteins are produced under competence control for efficient reutilization of the products of degradation of the non‐transforming strand during DNA uptake.
Land as Interlocutor: A Study of Ojibwe Learner Language in Interaction on and With Naturally Occurring ‘Materials’
Authors: ENGMAN MEL M. , HERMES MARY 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEcological approaches to language learning and materials use represent educational settings as complex and dynamic systems by applying relational perspectives from the natural world in the classroom. For young bilingual Ojibwe learners, the natural world (i.e., local, rural, and reservation land) is a significant language learning resource unto itself. In the underrepresented context of Indigenous language reclamation in the Upper Midwest of the United States, local land is central to ways of knowing and being, thus it is also central to learning. This study examines the ‘intra‐actions’ among land‐based materials, an Ojibwe Elder, and immersion school youth on local forestland. Focusing on the interrelated nature of human and nonhuman elements, we rely on Indigenous perspectives of relationality and sociomateriality to expand and clarify the roles of land in Indigenous language learning for reclamation. This study highlights Ojibwe practices of relational consensual engagement with the environment and has implications for materials use research, as it underscores the significance of the natural world as emergent language learning and teaching materials.
The role of imaging in catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias
Authors: Berruezo Antonio , Penela Diego , Jáuregui Beatriz , Soto‐Iglesias David 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLate gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance (LGE‐CMR) and multidetector cardiac computed tomography (MDCT) have emerged as novel, fascinating imaging tools for arrhythmogenic substrate identification and characterization. The role of these techniques for aiding and guiding the catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia, either as a complement or a surrogate of the electroanatomic map, has been rising in recent years. Integrating pixel signal intensity maps or wall thickness maps delivered from LGE‐CMR or MDCT, respectively, into the navigation system has become a cornerstone for VT ablation procedures in a few centers of excellence around the world. The pre‐procedure scar characterization offers some advantages, helping decide for the best procedure planning and approach; complete substrate identification and characterization, helping to focus electroanatomical mapping in regions of interest and also has a positive impact in procedure efficiency and outcomes. In the present article, we perform a review of the most practical aspects for using LGE‐CMR or MDCT when a VT ablation procedure is planned, from the image acquisition to the integration into the navigation system, analyzing the current role of the LGE‐CMR and MDCT for arrhythmogenic substrate characterization as well as for guiding VT ablation.
Sovereign default and capital controls
Authors: McDowall Robert A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper explores a role for capital control policies in enhancing a sovereign’s commitment to repay its debts. I study the equilibrium of an economy in which a sovereign must finance some expenditure, is constrained by the savings decisions of domestic households, and cannot discriminate between foreign and domestic lenders. I show that capital controls are crucial for implementing an equilibrium with lending from abroad and that optimal controls exhibit threshold behavior, instituted when domestic disposable income is low. Controls impose a wedge between the bond prices faced by foreign and domestic lenders. By crowding in domestic lending, and increasing the value of repayment, the sovereign can credibly enforce future repayment. The implementation result is robust to the introduction of labor taxes and uncertainty over the cost of default. These results offer a novel rationale for procyclical capital controls, distinct from conventional theories that stipulate controls be employed countercyclically to regulate capital inflows during expansions. The optimal policy is characterized and empirical implications are discussed.
Biogeochemical reappraisal of the freshwater–seawater mixing‐zone diagenetic model
Authors: Petrash Daniel A. , Bialik Or M. , Staudigel Philip T. , Konhauser Kurt O. , Budd David A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFirst proposed nearly half a century ago, the mixing‐zone model of dolomitization enjoyed a brief stay in the limelight before falling out of favour. Despite extended past criticism, arguments that build on its current validity are presented and discussed. The coastal mixing zone can be seen as an aquifer system exhibiting marked physicochemical gradients, reflective of the admixture of low salinity freshwater and seawater sources with variable redox potentials. This perspective requires a more holistic look at the mixing zone, not only as a gradient of major element concentrations, but also as the locus of enhanced subsurface redox sensitive reactions that occur at the pore‐space scale within a moveable diagenetic front. Combined genomic and isotopic data indicate that an active subsurface biosphere thrives in the mixing zone. This could facilitate Mg2+ dehydration, generate alkalinity, consume protons and mobilize potentially catalyzing ions (i.e. Mn and Zn), which are all low temperature factors thought to promote dolomite formation from soluble precursors. In the updated model, the advective mix of fluids with contrasting composition modulate a range of biogeochemically induced mineral dissolution and reprecipitation reactions. Biotic and abiotic interactions between these fluids affect carbonate equilibrium and result in dissolution of soluble aragonitic and calcitic phases, while dolomite precipitates (as cement) and neomorphic replacement. The secondary dolomite often exhibits compositional heterogeneity and contentious δ18O signatures indicative of re‐equilibration. The role of manganese, zinc, intermediate sulphur species and ammonia are far from being fully understood, nor is their fingerprint in ancient deposits. Application of in situ spectroscopic imaging techniques, clumped and metal isotope analyses, as well as a more extended use of traditional approaches, such as sulphur isotopes, are poised to open many opportunities to further explore the biogeochemistry of this diagenetic environment and how it relates to platform dolomitization.
Phylogeny of the stink bug tribe Chlorocorini (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae) based on DNA and morphological data: the evolution of key phenotypic traits
Authors: Genevcius Bruno C. , Greve Caroline , Koehler Samantha , Simmons Rebecca B. , Rider David A. , Grazia Jocelia , Schwertner Cristiano F. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTPentatomidae is the third largest family of true bugs, comprising over 40 tribes. Few tribes have been studied in a phylogenetic context, and none of them have been examined using molecular data. Moreover, little is known about the evolution of key morphological characters widely used in taxonomic and phylogenetic studies at multiple levels. Here, we conduct a phylogenetic study of the tribe Chlorocorini (Pentatominae) combining 69 morphological characters and five DNA loci. We use the inferred phylogeny to reconstruct the evolution of key morphological characters such as the spined humeral angles of the pronotum, a dorsal projection on the apices of the femora and characters of male genitalia. We provide solid evidence that the tribe as currently recognized is not monophyletic based both on DNA and morphological data. The genera Arvelius Spinola and Eludocoris Thomas were consistently placed outside of the Chlorocorini, whereas the remaining genera were found to form a monophyletic group. We also show that nearly all morphological diagnostic characters for the tribe are homoplastic. The only exception is the development of the hypandrium, which contrary to expectations for genital traits, showed the slowest evolutionary rates. In contrast, the most rapidly evolving trait is the length of the ostiolar ruga, which may be attributed to selection favouring anti‐predatory behaviour and other functions of its associated scent glands. Lastly, we also provide a preliminary glimpse of the main phylogenetic relationships within the Pentatomidae, which indicates that most of the included subfamilies and tribes are not monophyletic. Our results suggest that the current subfamily‐level classification of Pentatomidae is not adequate to reflect its evolutionary history, and we urge for a more complete phylogeny of the family.
The burden of cytomegalovirus infection remains high in high‐risk kidney transplant recipients despite six‐month valganciclovir prophylaxis
Authors: Räihä Juulia , Ortiz Fernanda , Mannonen Laura , Loginov Raisa , Lempinen Marko , Lautenschlager Irmeli , Helanterä Ilkka 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCytomegalovirus continues to be a concern after transplantation despite prophylaxis regimens. Our aim was to analyse post‐prophylaxis primary cytomegalovirus infections among kidney transplant recipients after 6‐month valganciclovir prophylaxis and to determine the usefulness of surveillance after prophylaxis. Data from all cytomegalovirus D+/R‐ kidney transplant recipients from January 2004 to October 2018 at our center who received 6‐month prophylaxis with valganciclovir were retrospectively analysed (N = 481). Detailed analyses were performed for 136 patients who were monitored every 2‐4 weeks for DNAemia after the discontinuation of prophylaxis. Post‐prophylaxis primary cytomegalovirus infection occurred in 182/481 (38%) patients median 264 days after transplantation (IQR: 226‐367) and median 84 days after the end of prophylaxis (IQR: 46‐187). In 49% patients, cytomegalovirus infection occurred over 3 months after the end of prophylaxis. Cytomegalovirus infection was not associated with lower patient or graft survival and no independent risk factors for infection were found. From patients monitored closely, 71/136 (52%) patients developed post‐prophylaxis primary cytomegalovirus infection. Altogether, 52/136 (38%) patients were diagnosed with probable post‐prophylaxis cytomegalovirus disease and 19/136 (14%) patients had asymptomatic CMV infection. Recurrent infection occurred in 38/71 (39%) patients. The incidence of post‐prophylaxis primary cytomegalovirus infection among D+/R‐ kidney transplant recipients remains high despite 6‐month prophylaxis. Surveillance after prophylaxis was challenging as a considerable portion of the infections occurred late and already symptomatic.