bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supplemental oxygen therapy in trauma patients: An exploratory registry‐based study
Authors: Christensen Mathias A. , Steinmetz Jacob , Velmahos George , Rasmussen Lars S. 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundSupplemental oxygen (SO) is one of the most commonly administered drugs in trauma patients and is recommended by guidelines. However, evidence supporting uniform administration is sparse, and excess oxygen use has been shown to be harmful in other patient populations. We hypothesized that SO may be harmful in patients with oxygen saturation > 97%.MethodsPatients with available information on SO‐therapy in the American Trauma Quality Improvement Program 2017 database were included. Patients were categorized into 3 groups according to Emergency Department (ED) oxygen saturation: (1) saturation < 94%; (2) saturation 94%‐97%; (3) saturation 98%‐100%. Primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality with comparisons made between patients who received SO or not. Secondary outcome was acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Patients were compared after propensity score matching.ResultsOverall, 864 340 patients were identified. Mean age was 47.4 ± 24.4 years, and median injury severity score was 9. SO was associated with an increased risk of in‐hospital mortality: (all patients: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] with 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.07 [2.92‐3.22], ED saturation <94%: 2.63 [2.38‐2.91], ED saturation 94%‐97%: 2.71 [2.47‐2.97], ED saturation >97%: 3.38 [3.16‐3.61]. Same pattern was seen for in‐hospital ARDS: (aOR 1.79, 95% CI [1.59‐2.02], ED saturation <94%: aOR 1.75, 95% CI [1.37‐2.24], ED saturation 94%‐97%: aOR 1.81, 95% CI [1.43‐2.29, ED saturation >97%: aOR 2.31, 95% CI [1.92‐2.79]).ConclusionBased on propensity matched, registry data for trauma patients, the administration of SO was associated with a higher incidence of in‐hospital mortality and ARDS. The highest risk was found in patients with an ED saturation >97%.
Identification of a large dataset of SNPs in hair‐fin anchovy (Setipinna tenuifilis) based on RAD‐seq
Authors: Peng Y. , Li J. S. , Zhang K. , Liu Y. F. , Li X. P. , Zhang H. , Gong L. , Liu L. Q. , Lü Z. M. , Liu B. J. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryHair‐fin anchovy (Setipinna tenuifilis) is an economically important fish distributed in the West Indian Ocean and the Northwest Pacific Ocean. In this study, 154 individuals in eight populations of S. tenuifilis were sequenced and 850 million raw reads were obtained using restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RAD‐seq). First, we identified 14 012 044 hypothetical SNP markers. A dataset of 199 903 high‐quality SNPs was collected after further screening. These SNPs have a strong ability to test the genetic diversity between the eight populations. The differentiation and genetic law between samples were explored based on SNPs in populations of S. tenuifilis. The results of this study will provide data for protecting the genetic resources of the species.
Peripheral markers of allergen‐specific immune activation predict clinical allergy in eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: Dilollo Julianna , Rodríguez‐López Eric M. , Wilkey Leah , Martin Elizabeth K. , Spergel Jonathan M. , Hill David A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundEosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a T‐cell‐mediated disease that is caused by specific foods and results in esophageal dysfunction. Existing allergy testing modalities are not helpful when attempting to identify EoE‐causal foods necessitating empiric food elimination and recurrent endoscopy. The goal of this study was to identify and compare allergen‐specific immune features that can be assayed in a minimally invasive manner to predict clinical food allergy in EoE.MethodsWe obtained blood samples from control subjects (n = 17), subjects with clinical EoE milk allergy (n = 17), and subjects with immunoglobulin E‐mediated milk allergy (n = 9). We measured total and milk‐specific plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG)4 levels and peripheral memory CD4+ T helper (TH) cell proliferation and cytokine production after stimulation with endotoxin‐depleted milk proteins. Sensitivity and specificity for predicting clinical EoE milk allergy were calculated and compared between approaches.ResultsTotal and milk‐specific IgG4 levels were not significantly different between control subjects and subjects with clinical EoE milk allergy. Stimulation with milk proteins caused TH lymphocytes from subjects with clinical EoE milk allergy to proliferate more (%P1 of 38.3 ± 4.6 vs. 12.7 ± 2.8, p < 0.0001), and produce more type 2 cytokines (%IL‐4+ of 33.7 ± 2.8 vs. 6.9 ± 1.6, p < 0.0001) than cells from control subjects. Milk‐dependent memory TH‐cell proliferation (sensitivity and specificity of 88% and 82%, respectively) and interleukin 4 (IL‐4) production (sensitivity and specificity of 100%) most strongly predicted clinical EoE milk allergy.ConclusionsPeripheral markers of allergen‐specific immune activation may be useful in identifying EoE‐causal foods. Assaying milk‐dependent IL‐4 production by circulating memory TH lymphocytes most accurately predicts clinical EoE milk allergy.
Rigid reduced successor representation as a potential mechanism for addiction
Authors: Shimomura Kanji , Kato Ayaka , Morita Kenji 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDifficulty in cessation of drinking, smoking, or gambling has been widely recognized. Conventional theories proposed relative dominance of habitual over goal‐directed control, but human studies have not convincingly supported them. Referring to the recently suggested “successor representation (SR)” of states that enables partially goal‐directed control, we propose a dopamine‐related mechanism that makes resistance to habitual reward‐obtaining particularly difficult. We considered that long‐standing behavior towards a certain reward without resisting temptation can (but not always) lead to a formation of rigid dimension‐reduced SR based on the goal state, which cannot be updated. Then, in our model assuming such rigid reduced SR, whereas no reward prediction error (RPE) is generated at the goal while no resistance is made, a sustained large positive RPE is generated upon goal reaching once the person starts resisting temptation. Such sustained RPE is somewhat similar to the hypothesized sustained fictitious RPE caused by drug‐induced dopamine. In contrast, if rigid reduced SR is not formed and states are represented individually as in simple reinforcement learning models, no sustained RPE is generated at the goal. Formation of rigid reduced SR also attenuates the resistance‐dependent decrease in the value of the cue for behavior, makes subsequent introduction of punishment after the goal ineffective, and potentially enhances the propensity of nonresistance through the influence of RPEs via the spiral striatum‐midbrain circuit. These results suggest that formation of rigid reduced SR makes cessation of habitual reward‐obtaining particularly difficult and can thus be a mechanism for addiction, common to substance and nonsubstance reward.
Pinealectomy and gonadectomy modulate amplitude, but not photoperiodic modulation of Clock gene expression in the Syrian hamster suprachiasmatic nuclei
Authors: Chakir Ibtissam , Tournier Benjamin B. , Touati Hanane , Poirel Vincent‐Joseph , Challet Etienne , Pevet Paul , Ouarour Ali , Vuillez Patrick 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe duration of daytime light phase (photoperiod) controls reproduction in seasonal mammals. Syrian hamsters are sexually active when exposed to long photoperiod, while gonadal atrophy is observed after exposure to short photoperiod. The photorefractory period, or photorefractoriness, is a particular state of spontaneous recrudescence of sexual activity that occurs after a long‐term exposure to short photoperiod. Expression of core clock genes in the master circadian clock contained in the suprachiasmatic nuclei depends on photoperiodic conditions. Interestingly, the expression of the Clock gene is also modified in photorefractory Syrian hamsters. Since melatonin and testosterone levels in seasonal species are dependent on photoperiod, photoperiodic variations of Clock mRNA levels in the suprachiasmatic clock could be a consequence of these hormonal changes. To test this hypothesis, we analysed the effects of pinealectomy on Clock mRNA changes due to long to short photoperiod transition and of gonadectomy on Clock mRNA levels in photorefractory period. Our data show that the suprachiasmatic integration of the short photoperiod (assessed by a rhythmic expression profile of Clock) is independent of the presence of melatonin. Furthermore, constitutively low expression of Clock observed during the photorefractory period does not require the presence of either melatonin or testosterone. However, we show that both hormones provide positive feedback on average levels of Clock expression. Thus, our data support the hypothesis that daily variations of Clock levels in the suprachiasmatic nuclei are influenced by photoperiodic changes and the time spent in short photoperiod, independently of seasonal modifications of melatonin or testosterone levels.
Waterfalls mediate the longitudinal distribution of diadromous predatory fishes structuring communities in tropical, short, steep coastal streams
Authors: Ebner Brendan C. , Donaldson James A. , Murphy Helen , Thuesen Paul , Ford Andrew , Schaffer Jason , Keith Philippe 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Tropical short, steep coastal streams are typically dominated by diadromous species, especially amphidromous fishes, crustaceans, and molluscs. We undertook a study to determine the distribution of fishes along the stream continuum and determine if substantial natural instream barriers influenced assemblage composition.

We surveyed fish assemblages in three short, steep coastal streams in the Australian Wet Tropics by snorkelling and performing single pass counts in each 100‐m section along the entire main channel from the high‐tide mark to the source (or near source: until fish were no longer recorded). A primary focus was mapping the distribution and relative abundance of sicydiine gobies, and we also estimated freshwater crustacean numbers (Caridea: Palaemonidae and Atyidae).

In total, 2,837 individual fish of 25 species were recorded upstream of the high‐tide mark across the three streams and the first records of an additional sicydiine goby (Smilosicyopus leprurus) were obtained from continental Australia. Consistent with findings from tropical Pacific island streams, we observed a shift in fish assemblage composition along the elevation gradient and in relation to major instream barriers (e.g. waterfalls >5 m, and high flow chutes across smooth bedrock surfaces). Species richness of diurnal predatory fishes was greatest in the lower course of streams and absent upstream of major instream barriers.

Diurnal predatory fishes were, in some instances, found upstream of barriers. Specifically, large adult (>200 mm total length) Kuhlia rupestris (diurnal predators) accessed reaches above challenging sequences of cascades combined with small waterfalls. In contrast, all sizes of that species, adult Kuhlia marginata (>150 mm total length) and a diversity of other diurnal predatory fishes occupied the lower course of streams including upstream of gentle cascade sequences or isolated small waterfalls.

Where abundances of diurnal predatory fishes were high, freshwater carideans were rarely observed. Peak densities of carideans were observed upstream of major barriers, with moderate densities in the upper mid‐course in the presence of few Kuhlia spp.

The current study demonstrates the value of complete single‐pass surveys of fish assemblages in tropical short, steep coastal streams by revealing the highly localised occupation of particular reaches by rare fishes. It also points towards the importance of stream‐specific characteristics, namely the position of waterfalls in dictating diadromous predator distribution with consequences for community structure, thereby aligning with the Riverine Discontinuum Concept.
Evolution of the unfolded protein response in plants
Authors: Howell Stephen H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe unfolded protein response (UPR) in plants is elicited by endoplasmic reticulum stress, which can be brought about by adverse environmental conditions. The response is mediated by a conserved signalling network composed of two branches – one branch involving inositol requiring enzyme1‐ basic leucine zipper60 (IRE1‐bZIP60) signalling pathway and another branch involving the membrane transcription factors, bZIP17 and −28. The UPR has been reported in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a unicellular green alga, which lacks some canonical UPR signalling components found in vascular plants, raising the question whether C. reinhardtii uses other means such as oxidative signalling or Regulated IRE1‐Dependent Decay to activate the UPR. In vascular plants, IRE1 splices bZIP60 mRNA in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress by cutting at a site in the RNA that is highly conserved in structure and sequence. Monocots have a single IRE1 gene required for viability in rice, while dicots have two IRE1 genes, IRE1a and ‐b. Brassicas have a third IRE1 gene, IRE1c, which lacks a lumenal domain, but is required in combination with IRE1b for gametogenesis. Vascular and non‐vascular plants upregulate a similar set of genes in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress despite differences in the complexity of their UPR signalling networks.
Provision of Dermatologic Care in a Universal Health Care System: A 17-Year Review
Authors: Finstad Alexandra , Almuhanna Nouf , Alhusayen Raed 
Published: April 2021

Background Limited data is available on the burden of dermatologic disease including disease distribution and providers of care. Research is needed to facilitate health care planning and improve patient care. Objectives To investigate the demographics and economics of the provision of dermatologic care in a universal health care system from fiscal year 2000 to 2016. Methods A retrospective population-based analysis was performed on physician billing claims for dermatologic conditions from April 1, 2000 to March 31, 2017. Data came from the province of Ontario’s universal health care plan claims records accessed through IntelliHealth. Results Dermatologic claims made up 3.6% of all physician claims, with a 20% increase seen over time. The cost of dermatologic claims increased by 70% between fiscal 2000 and 2016, with the average cost per claim increasing by 41%. However, the cost of dermatologic claims as a percentage of all health care claims experienced a decline from 3.5% in fiscal 2000 to 2.8% in fiscal 2016. Over the study period, family physicians submitted 56% to 62% of dermatologic claims, dermatologists 24% to 29%, pediatricians 3% to 4%, and internists 1%. Overall, internists billed the highest average cost per dermatologic claim ranging from $39 in 2000 to $60 in 2016, followed by pediatricians at $33 to $58, dermatologists at $28 to $39, and family physicians at $23 to $30. Conclusions The demographic and economic burden of dermatologic disease is changing over time, with implications for health care planning, advancing medical education, and patient care.
Confirmed disability progression provides limited predictive information regarding future disease progression in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Healy Brian C , Glanz Bonnie I , Swallow Elyse , Signorovitch James , Hagan Kaitlin , Silva Diego , Pelletier Corey , Chitnis Tanuja , Weiner Howard 
Published: April 2021

Background Although confirmed disability progression (CDP) is a common outcome in multiple sclerosis (MS) clinical trials, its predictive value for long-term outcomes is uncertain. Objective To investigate whether CDP at month 24 predicts subsequent disability accumulation in MS. Methods The Comprehensive Longitudinal Investigation of Multiple Sclerosis at Brigham and Women’s Hospital includes participants with relapsing-remitting MS or clinically isolated syndrome with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores ≤5 (N = 1214). CDP was assessed as a predictor of time to EDSS score 6 (EDSS 6) and to secondary progressive MS (SPMS) using a Cox proportional hazards model; adjusted models included additional clinical/participant characteristics. Models were compared using Akaike’s An Information Criterion. Results CDP was directionally associated with faster time to EDSS 6 in univariate analysis (HR = 1.61 [95% CI: 0.83, 3.13]). After adjusting for month 24 EDSS, CDP was directionally associated with slower time to EDSS 6 (adjusted HR = 0.65 [0.32, 1.28]). Models including CDP had worse fit statistics than those using EDSS scores without CDP. When models included clinical and magnetic resonance imaging measures, T2 lesion volume improved fit statistics. Results were similar for time to SPMS. Conclusions CDP was less predictive of time to subsequent events than other MS clinical features.
Biomechanical and biochemical evaluation of the effect of systemic application of omeprazole on the osseointegration of titanium implants
Authors: Tekin Samet , Dundar Serkan , Demirci Fatih , Bozoglan Alihan , Yildirim Tuba Talo , Gunes Nedim , Acikan Izzet , Ozcan Erhan Cahit 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to investigate the effects of systemic omeprazole treatment on the osseointegration of titanium implants.

Material and methods
After surgical insertion of titanium implants into the metaphyseal part of rats’ both right and left tibial bones, the animals were randomly divided into three equal groups: control (n = 8), omeprazole dosage-1 (n = 8) (OME-1), and omeprazole dosage-2 (n = 8) (OME-2) and totally 48 implants were surgically integrated. The rats in the control group received no treatment during the four-week postoperative experimental period. In the OME-1 and OME-2 groups, the rats received omeprazole in doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg, respectively, every 3 days for 4 weeks. After the experimental period, the rats were euthanized. One rat died in each group and the study was completed with seven rats in each group. Blood serum was collected for biochemical analysis, and the implants and surrounding bone tissue were used for biomechanical reverse-torque analysis. In the biomechanical analysis, implants that were not properly placed and were not osseointegrated were excluded from the evaluation.

Results
One-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s honestly significant difference test and Student’s t test were used for statistical analysis. The reverse-torque test (control (n = 9), OME-1 (N = 7), and OME-2 (n = 7)) analysis of biochemical parameters (alkaline phosphatase, calcium, phosphorus, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine amino transferase, urea, and creatinine) revealed no significant differences between the groups (control (n = 7), OME-1 (N = 7), and OME-2 (n = 7)) (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
Omeprazole had no biomechanical or biochemical effects on the osseointegration process of titanium implants.
Assessment of the geo-ecological potential of the landscape districts (on the example of Sumy region, Ukraine)
Authors: Danylchenko Olena S. , Kornus Anatolii О. , Kornus Olesia H. , Vynarchuk Olha О. 
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the life potential support of the population, which reflects living conditions of the population in specific geosystems (on the example of the Sumy region, Ukraine). The main purpose of the article is to assess the geo-ecological potential of the regional landscape structures, namely the landscape districts of the Sumy region. The article highlights the theoretical and methodological foundations of the geoecological potential research, substantiates the theoretical aspects of the of “geo-ecological potential” concept, describes in detail the methodology of assessing geo-ecological potential, which is evaluated on the basis of natural geosystem potential, geosystem sustainability potential and technogenic geosystem load. The assessment of the natural potential of the Sumy region landscape districts (based on the humidity coefficient, the sum of active temperatures above 10°C, hydrothermal potential of phytomass productivity, annual precipitation, adverse natural processes such as landslides, flooding, rising groundwater levels, erosion, dry winds, hail, fogs) is conducted and the levels (low, below average, average and high) of the natural potential are defined. Three districts of the environmental sustainability of the regional landscape districts are established on the basis of component-by-component assessment of the meteorological potential of the atmosphere, surface water and soil sustainability potential, as well as biotic potential: below average, average and above average. The indicators of the population density of the region, coefficient of the territorial production concentration, economic development of lands (agricultural lands, built-up lands and open lands without vegetation), environmental pollution of the region (radiation and chemical air pollution, pollution of natural waters and soils) and the integrated indicator of technogenic load, which allows to establish the following levels of the technogenic load on the landscape districts of the region: below average, average and above average, are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the assessment of the geo-ecological potential, which allows to establish 5 levels, of which only 3 are presented in Sumy region, based on which areas of geo-ecological potential of the landscape districts are identified: below average, average and above average and a map of the geo-ecological potential areas is created. It is established that the indicator of the geo-ecological potential of the landscape districts of the Sumy region ranges from 0.05 Psel-Vorskla landscape district (below average level) to 1.07 Esman’-Kleven’ landscape district (above average level). It is established that the higher the values of the natural potential and sustainability of the natural environment and the lower the indicators of technogenic load, the higher are the values of the geo-ecological potential.
Le français en Afrique
Authors: Ntakirutimana Évariste 
Published: April 2021

L’Afrique est indubitablement le continent qui a le plus grand nombre de francophones dans le monde. Sur les 55 pays africains, près de la moitié sont francophones. Somme toute, le français est parlé dans 27 États souverains et dans deux îles françaises d’outre-mer (Réunion et Mayotte). Tout bien considéré, le français bénéficie du statut de langue officielle unique ou co-officielle avec langues locales ou étrangères dans 23 pays. Dans cinq pays, il est largement utilisé sans statut officiel. Dans cet article, j’inventorie d’abord les pays francophones d’Afrique. J’aborde ensuite le statut du français dans ces pays avant de me focaliser sur les particularités du français africain. Toute langue de large diffusion connaît inéluctablement des particularités. Ordinairement, elles sont de deux ordres : accentuelles et lexicales. Mais il peut s’agir également de structure de phrases en raison de phénomènes linguistiques bien connus, à l’instar du transfert, de l’analogie et du calque.