bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective analysis of referrals to the North East of England intermediate oral surgery service
Authors: Webster James , Landes David 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe intermediate oral surgery service in North East England was introduced in 2009 following changes in the primary care contract in 2005 allowing primary care organisations to locally commission services to meet population need. The aim of this service introduction was to reduce pressures on secondary care and improve efficiency and costs of oral surgery service provision. Where there are geographical variations in the number of referrals received to intermediate oral surgery services in North East England, this study aimed to identify the reasons for these.Materials and methodsA retrospective analysis of referrals to the National Health Service (NHS) Intermediate North East of England Oral Surgery Service was completed. Analysis of 48,286 referrals from 2009 to 2019 was assessed from two NHS specialist oral surgery providers. Primary care practice referrals were located to practice postcode; the sum of referrals from each postcode accumulated over this period. Referral variations were compared with NHS primary care contract sizes, distance to specialist provider and Index of Multiple Deprivation of provider location to identify correlations.ResultsData indicate a significant range in primary care referral frequency over the 10‐year period. Referrals from primary care providers ranged from 1 to 2334 over the 10‐year period. No correlation is seen between distance to provider (r2 = 0.058), contract size (r2 = 0.087), deprivation levels (r2 = 0.01) and the referral rate.ConclusionThe large variation in referral rate provides data for commissioners of dental services including managed clinical networks (MCNs) to outline high referring primary care practices and plan for future service development.
The effect of dexmedetomidine premedication on postoperative systemic inflammatory response in children undergoing hernia repair surgery: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Du Zhen , Wei Si‐Wei , Zhang Xi‐Ying , Xiang Zhen , Qu Shuang‐Quan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundSurgery results in systemic inflammation, which can affect the central nervous system, leading to changes in mood, emotion, and behavior. Our previous study has shown that compared to midazolam, dexmedetomidine premedication effectively decreased children's postoperative anxiety.AimTo investigate whether dexmedetomidine infusion before hernia repair alleviates postoperative systemic inflammation in children and whether postoperative anxiety may be associated with postoperative inflammation.MethodsThis prospective double‐blind randomized controlled trial was conducted in 120 children scheduled to undergo elective hernia repair. Before anesthesia induction, all children received an intravenous infusion consisted of dexmedetomidine (n = 40; 0.5 µg/g, group D), midazolam (n = 40; 0.08 mg/kg, group M), or normal saline (n = 40; group C). One‐way ANOVA with least significant difference multiple comparison test was used for multigroup comparisons of postoperative plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines and m‐YPAS scores. Spearman rank correlation tests were used for analyzing m‐YPAS scores with postoperative plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines.ResultsPlasma levels of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (7.0 ± 1.6 vs. 8.1 ± 1.6, mean difference [95% CI]: 1.19 [0.26–2.11], p = .008) (pg/ml) and of interleukin‐6 (1.8 ± 1.2 vs. 3.3 ± 1.6, mean difference [95% CI]: 1.49 [0.74–2.25], p < .001) (pg/ml) and neutrophils‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (1.0 ± 0.5 vs. 1.5 ± 0.7, mean difference [95% CI]: 0.48 [0.17–0.78], p < .001) were significantly lower in group D than in group C. Furthermore, compared to group M, group D showed significantly lower plasma tumor necrosis factor‐alpha levels (7.0 ± 1.6 vs. 7.9 ± 1.9, mean difference [95% CI]: 0.96 [0.04–1.88], p = .04) (pg/ml) and interleukin‐6 levels (1.8 ± 1.2 vs. 2.9 ± 1.5, mean difference [95% CI]: 1.06 [0.31–1.81], p = .004) (pg/ml), and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (1.0 ± 0.5 vs. 1.5 ± 0.6, mean difference [95% CI]: 0.42 [0.11–0.72], p = .004). Anxiety scores at postoperative 2 and 4 h in the three groups positively correlated with plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines.ConclusionA single preoperative intravenous dexmedetomidine dose in children undergoing same‐day surgery reduces postoperative systemic inflammation.
Cerebral hemoglobin oxygenation in children with congenital heart disease
Authors: Terada Kazuya , Nakamura Shinji , Nakao Yasuhiro , Fukudome Keisuke , Miyagi Yuichi , Onishi Tatsuya , Kusaka Takashi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundIt is important to identify the pathological characteristics of cerebral circulation and oxygen metabolism at the bedside in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) to prevent neurodevelopmental impairments. The brain regional oxygen saturation index (rSO2) can be easily obtained at the bedside with near‐infrared spectroscopy and has been widely used in the management of children with CHD in recent years.MethodsTo determine if the rSO2 before or after CHD surgery is a good predictor of cerebral oxygen metabolism, we investigated the impact of different clinical variables on the correlation between rSO2 and reference values under steady ratios of hemoglobin oxygen saturation in the internal jugular vein (SjvO2) or femoral artery (SaO2) (0.75:0.25, 0.66:0.34, and 0.50:0.50) in 186 children with CHD undergoing cardiac catheterization.ResultsIn three patient groups—double ventricles before surgery, double ventricles after surgery, and single ventricle before surgery—there were significant relationships between rSO2 and the reference values of SO2 under all three steady ratios of SjvO2 and SaO2. No relationship with the reference values was found for the single ventricle after surgery group.ConclusionsRegional oxygen saturation index is useful for assessing cerebral oxygenation in children with CHD, but knowledge of the underlying cardiac pathology in CHD, especially in the case of a single ventricle after surgery, is important for the correct interpretation of rSO2 measurements obtained using near‐infrared spectroscopy.
Mental fatigue measurement using eye metrics: A systematic literature review
Authors: Bafna Tanya , Hansen John Paulin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMental fatigue measurement techniques utilize one or a combination of the cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses of the body. Eye‐tracking and electrooculography, which are used to compute eye‐based features, have gained momentum with increases in accuracy and robustness of the lightweight equipment emerging in the markets and can be used for objective and continuous assessment of mental fatigue. The main goal of this systematic review was to summarize the various eye‐based features that have been used to measure mental fatigue and explore the relation of eye‐based features to mental fatigue. The review process, following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses, used the electronic databases Web of Science, Scopus, ACM digital library, IEEE Xplore, and PubMed. Of the 1,385 retrieved documents, 34 studies met the inclusion criteria, resulting in 21 useful eye‐based features. Categorizing these into eight groups revealed saccades as the most promising category, with saccade mean and peak velocity providing quick access to the cognitive states within 30 min of fatiguing activity. Complex brain networks involving sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems control the relation of mental fatigue to tonic pupil size and have the potential to indicate mental fatigue in controlled experimental conditions. Other categories, like blinks, are derived from the field of sleep research and should be used with caution. Several limitations emerged in the analysis, including varied experimental methods, use of dim lighting during the experiment (that could possibly also induce sleepiness), and use of unclear data analysis techniques, thereby complicating comparisons between studies.
CT myelographic diagnosis of ligamentum flavum hypertrophy in a Warmblood Gelding with progressive ataxia
Authors: Hellige Maren , Warnken Tobias , Puff Christina , Feige Karsten 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAn 8‐year‐old Warmblood gelding presented with a history of progressive ataxia for 6 weeks. Intra‐ and intervertebral ratios measured from lateral radiographs of the cervical spine were within normal limits. Computed tomographic myelography of the cervical spine revealed focal compression of the dorsal and the ventral contrast column as well as a ventral displacement of the spinal cord within the spinal canal due to a bulging of soft tissue attenuating material in the dorsal half of the intervertebral junction of C6 and C7. Post‐mortem histopathological examination confirmed chondroid metaplasia of the ligamentum flavum at C6‐C7.
Vertebral heart score to evaluate cardiac size in thoracic radiographs of 124 healthy rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Dias Sara , Anselmi Carlo , Espada Yvonne , Martorell Jaume 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDilated cardiomyopathy is a relatively common disease in pet rats (Rattus norvegicus); however, there is a lack of radiographic references for the normal cardiac size in this species. The aim of this prospective, anatomical and reference interval study was to establish quantitative radiographic reference range measurements for the vertebral heart score (VHS) in rats. Right lateral (RL), ventrodorsal (VD), and dorsoventral (DV) radiographs of clinically healthy rats (n = 124) were evaluated. Measurements were performed by 2 expert readers who were unaware of signalment data. The mean values and references intervals of VHS were 7.7 and 7.0–8.5 for the RL, 7.5 and 6.6–8.6 for the VD, and 7.9 and 6.9–9.0 for the DV, with VHS values greater in males than in females. The measurements reported in this study can be used by the clinician as an objective tool to evaluate cardiac size in rats, in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac diseases.
A double‐edged sword: Unrecognized cryptic diversity and taxonomic impediment in Eois (Lepidoptera, Geometridae)
Authors: Moraes Simeão de Souza , Murillo‐Ramos Leidys , Machado Patrícia A. , Ghanavi Hamid R. , Magaldi Luiza M. , Silva‐Brandão Karina L. , Kato Massuo J. , Freitas André V. L. , Wahlberg Niklas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe genus Eois Hübner (Geometridae: Larentiinae) comprises 254 valid species. Being a hyperdiverse genus, Eois potentially includes many undescribed cryptic species and embodies a problematic taxonomic scenario. The actual diversity of Eois is greatly underestimated and the Neotropical fauna needs to be well known since it figures as one of the most threatened terrestrial ecosystem. In the present study, we compare three species delimitation methods to highlight the hidden diversity within a subset of Eois species: Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery, Bayesian Poisson Tree Processes and Multi‐Rate Poisson Tree Processes. Our results point to an increase up to 176% in the currently valid species number. The hypothesis of cryptic diversity is corroborated by morphological characters within some species complexes. For complexes comprising species of Brazilian fauna, we provide a preliminary taxonomic assessment. Additionally, we found no congruence among the three delimitation methods for some species complexes, which indicates the importance of species and locality sampling as well as the previous alpha taxonomic knowledge in avoiding result bias. In this sense, we tried to standardize the identification provided for the Genbank sequences used in most relevant publications for Eois, in order to minimize biases and maximize the replicability of analyses in future studies. Moreover, we stress the importance of an integrative taxonomic approach for cryptic species discovery approach by employing both morphological attributes and life history to corroborate molecular analysis.
Thermal Effects in Calendering Viscous Fluids
Authors: Finston M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Calendering (rolling) of plastics at high speeds produces blistering and peeling which are attributed to a combination of uneven temperature distribution, and effect of temperature on the physical properties of the material. In this paper the problem is examined by studying the calendering of a viscous liquid in some detail. It is shown that a thermal boundary-layer effect exists of such magnitude as to account for formation of blisters. An example is given using typical calendering dimensions and physical properties of a plastic, which yields a thermal boundary-layer thickness of the order of depth of the blisters as observed. These data furnish further qualitative confirmation to the physical argument.
The Dynamics of the Buckling of Elastic Columns
Authors: Hoff N. J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The motion of a perfectly elastic initially slightly curved column is calculated when one of its ends is displaced axially at a constant speed in a perfectly rigid testing machine. A nondimensional quantity Ω is defined which depends only upon the slenderness ratio of the column and the ratio of the velocity of the propagation of sound in its material to the speed of the testing machine. Two elastic columns are dynamically similar if Ω and the initial deviations from straightness are the same for both of them. The dynamic transverse deflections of the column lag behind the static values at the outset and overshoot them later. At an advanced stage of the loading the dynamic deflections can be represented as oscillations superimposed upon the static deflections. The axial compressive force in the column increases proportionately to the displacement of the loading head of the testing machine in the first phase of the loading. When the deflections become large, the compressive force increases at a reduced rate, reaches a maximum, and finally begins to oscillate about the Euler load. The maximum force recorded on the testing machine can be a multiple of the Euler load when Ω and the initial deviations from straightness are small. At ordinary speeds and with the usual inaccuracies of routine testing the maximum load should differ little from the Euler load.
Approximate Approach for Torsion Problem of a Shaft With a Circumferential Notch
Authors: Ōkubo H. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The torsion problem of a bar with varying circular section has been treated by several investigators over a long period. Usually, the solution covering all points in a shaft is found first and then the maximum stress is obtained. Accordingly, the analysis usually becomes complicated and so only few cases have been treated completely. It is essential from the technical point of view, however, to find the stresses around a notch rather than the stresses at every point in a shaft. The approach employed in this paper is somewhat different from others, and the approximate values for the stresses on the surface of a shaft are found directly without solving the problem completely.
Statistical Design of Fatigue Experiments
Authors: Weibull Waloddi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
An analytical expression connecting fatigue lives with applied stresses, and methods for computing the values of its parameters from experimental data are given. Formulas for estimating the uncertainty of computed parameter values, caused by scatter of loads and fatigue lives, for optimum distribution of specimens, and for optimum choice of stress levels, are deduced. Testing time and costs may be reduced by more than 40 per cent by using the formulas.
The Marcus Method Applied to Solution of Uniformly Loaded and Clamped Rectangular Plate Subjected to Forces in Its Plane
Authors: Chang C. C. , Conway H. D. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a solution to the small-deflection problem of the uniformly loaded rectangular plate with all edges clamped, when the latter are subjected to uniform tensile or compressive forces in the plane of the plate. Since an exact solution to the problem is hardly possible, the Marcus method was used for the approximate solution of the biharmonic equation, subject to the conditions of zero slope and deflection at the boundary. Deflections and moments are presented for a square plate with four particular values of tensile end load, and for the rectangular plate with seven length-breadth ratios and with one value of compressive end load.
Plastic Flow in a V-Notched Bar Pulled in Tension
Authors: Lee E. H. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A V-notched bar pulled in tension in plane strain as shown in Fig. 1 is considered. The distribution of stress and deformation are determined from the analysis of the motion with large strains as the initial notch width pulls down toward line contact as the test proceeds. The analysis is based upon the theory of flow of a so-called Saint Venant-Mises material, which flows at a constant yield limit given by the Mises criterion, and obeys the Mises flow-type relationship between stress and strain increments. The successive configurations of an initially square grid on the cross section of the notch are obtained to illustrate the strain distribution. This solution is of interest in investigating the initiation of fracture in a notch-bar tension test. In such a test the foregoing type of solution applies until plastic flow is arrested by the appearance of a fracture crack. The variation of the solution with notch angle is of interest in connection with the determination of the technical cohesive strength of a metal using Kuntze’s technique. The present solution indicates a contrast with Kuntze’s hypothesis, in that it predicts the possibility of a plastic-flow type of rupture at a stress depending only upon the yield stress of the metal.
Thermal Stresses in Bodies Exhibiting Temperature-Dependent Elastic Properties
Authors: Hilton H. H. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Expressions are derived for thermal stresses and strains due to a steady-state temperature gradient in a thick-walled cylinder and a circular thin plate, made of a material having temperature-dependent elastic properties. Two numerical examples are computed for specific temperature gradients and temperature-dependent elastic properties, which yield results showing that the maximum thermal stresses are appreciably lower and the maximum thermal strains are larger than the corresponding values obtained for temperature-independent properties. The validity of the thermal plane-stress assumptions is investigated and it is shown that such solutions, regardless of whether the material properties are temperature-dependent or constant, are only approximations. The smaller the temperature gradient the more closely are the plane-stress assumptions satisfied.
Correlation Between Friction Coefficient and Friction Vibration in Running-In Process Based on Cross Recurrence Plots
Authors: Zhou Yuankai , Peng Minglong , Zuo Xue , Xu Jing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The friction coefficient is difficult to measure in a real application, whether friction coefficient and vibration signals have the same dynamic characteristics is an urgent issue to be solved. The running-in friction tests were carried out under dry friction, starved, and flooded lubrications. Cross recurrence plots (CRPs) and their measures were used to explore the correlation between friction signals. The results show that the more obvious the diagonal structures in CRPs, the better the correlation between the two signals. The measures from different friction systems are smaller than those from the same system. Average diagonal length is more sensitive to characterize the correlation. Irrespective of lubrication conditions, friction coefficient and vibration in the same friction system have a strong correlation. The correlation under boundary lubrication is the strongest, followed by oil-rich and dry friction. Thus, friction coefficient or vibration can be selected according to the convenience of measurement to monitor the running-in process.
Thermogravimetric Kinetics Study of Scrap Tires Pyrolysis Using Silica Embedded With NiO and/or MgO Nanocatalysts
Authors: Alsurakji Ihab H. , El-Qanni Amjad , El-Hamouz Amer M. , Warad Ismail , Odeh Yazan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, a set of three new silica-based embedded with NiO and/or MgO nanocatalysts (SBNs) have been prepared and tested for the pyrolysis of scrap tires (STs). The intent is to identify and optimize the best nanocatalyst that decreases the operating temperature and speeds up the pyrolysis reaction rate. The influence of the three prepared SBNs nanocatalysts on STs was scrutinized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The kinetic triplets were estimated utilizing the isoconversional method of the Ozawa–Flynn–Wall (OFW) corrected model. Experimental TGA and FT-IR results showed a thermal decomposition of all volatile organic additives alongside the polyvinyl compounds at a lower temperature in the presence of these SBNs. However, a competitive decomposition behavior appeared for each SBN nanocatalysts. The kinetic triplets’ findings showed different effective activation energy trends at two different conversion regions (low and high conversions), suggesting different reaction mechanisms confirmed by the reaction kinetic models. Interestingly, NiO-MgO-SBNs showed the highest reaction rate for this thermo-pyrolysis of STs, which could be because of synergetic interaction between NiO and MgO nanoparticles. Moreover, the results of the change in Gibbs free energy of activation (ΔG‡) indicated the promising catalytic activity for those SBNs by promoting the spontaneity of pyrolysis reaction. These proof-of-concept findings could promote the futuristic use of NiO-MgO-SBNs at the industrial level toward sustainable ST pyrolysis.
Coproduction of Tet(X7) Conferring High-Level Tigecycline Resistance, Fosfomycin FosA4, and Colistin Mcr-1.1 in Escherichia coli Strains from Chickens in Egypt
Authors: Soliman Ahmed M. , Ramadan Hazem , Zarad Hoda , Sugawara Yo , Yu Liansheng , Sugai Motoyuki , Shimamoto Toshi , Hiott Lari M. , Frye Jonathan G. , Jackson Charlene R. , Shimamoto Tadashi 
Published: April 2021

The plasmid-mediated
tet
(X7) conferring high-level tigecycline resistance was identified in five
mcr-1.1
-positive
Escherichia coli
strains (ST10 [
n
= 3] and ST155 [
n
= 2]) isolated from chickens in Egypt. Two fosfomycin-resistant
fosA4
-carrying IncFII plasmids (⁓79 kb in size) were detected.