bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do floral resources affect fitness of adult Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus 1758) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)?
Authors: Mátray Silvia , Herz Annette 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe introduction of flowering plants into orchards can increase functional biodiversity in pome fruit cultivation. Plants provide nectar, pollen and prey resources supporting pollinators and natural enemies. However, pests may also benefit from floral diets and a careful selection of plants is necessary to reduce any risk of pest proliferation. The codling moth Cydia pomonella is a major pest in apple growing worldwide and adults are known to consume sugars. The impact of floral diets (parsnip, wild carrot, coriander, red clover) on longevity, fecundity and fertility of adult codling moth was examined under laboratory conditions. In general, male moths lived longer than females, regardless of dietary treatments. Moths survived longest when supplied with parsnip flowers as a floral diet. Contrary to carrot, coriander resulted in higher longevity of adult C. pomonella compared to moths provided with red clover as a negative control. Adult nutrition on floral diets did not affect fecundity substantially. As expected, the majority of eggs were laid within the first week. Prolongation of moths’ lifespan by floral diets did not significantly increase the total number of eggs laid in contrast to a diet with 25% sucrose solution. According to these results, the risk of inadvertently promoting codling moth when growing selected flowering plants in the orchard will be rather low, because the fitness of the moths and especially the reproduction of the females will not be substantially enhanced.
Developmental trajectories of autistic social traits in the general population
Authors: Pender Richard , Fearon Pasco , St Pourcain Beate , Heron Jon , Mandy Will 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAutistic people show diverse trajectories of autistic traits over time, a phenomenon labelled ‘chronogeneity’. For example, some show a decrease in symptoms, whilst others experience an intensification of difficulties. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a dimensional condition, representing one end of a trait continuum that extends throughout the population. To date, no studies have investigated chronogeneity across the full range of autistic traits. We investigated the nature and clinical significance of autism trait chronogeneity in a large, general population sample.MethodsAutistic social/communication traits (ASTs) were measured in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children using the Social and Communication Disorders Checklist (SCDC) at ages 7, 10, 13 and 16 (N = 9744). We used Growth Mixture Modelling (GMM) to identify groups defined by their AST trajectories. Measures of ASD diagnosis, sex, IQ and mental health (internalising and externalising) were used to investigate external validity of the derived trajectory groups.ResultsThe selected GMM model identified four AST trajectory groups: (i) Persistent High (2.3% of sample), (ii) Persistent Low (83.5%), (iii) Increasing (7.3%) and (iv) Decreasing (6.9%) trajectories. The Increasing group, in which females were a slight majority (53.2%), showed dramatic increases in SCDC scores during adolescence, accompanied by escalating internalising and externalising difficulties. Two-thirds (63.6%) of the Decreasing group were male.ConclusionsClinicians should note that for some young people autism-trait-like social difficulties first emerge during adolescence accompanied by problems with mood, anxiety, conduct and attention. A converse, majority-male group shows decreasing social difficulties during adolescence.
SOME
-HARDY AND
-RELLICH TYPE INEQUALITIES WITH REMAINDER TERMS
Authors: JIN YONGYANG , SHEN SHOUFENG 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper we obtain some improved

$L^p$
-Hardy and

$L^p$
-Rellich inequalities on bounded domains of Riemannian manifolds. For Cartan–Hadamard manifolds we prove the inequalities with sharp constants and with weights being hyperbolic functions of the Riemannian distance.
The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Family Inventory of Needs
Authors: Sağlam Zeynep , Koç Zeliha 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this methodological study was to test the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Family Inventory of Needs.MethodsThe universe of the study consisted of 300 family members of inpatients hospitalized in the palliative care units of four hospitals in northern Turkey between April 12, 2019 and December 30, 2019. The translation process was performed in multiple stages using the forward–backward translation model. The reliability of the Family Inventory of Needs was evaluated using the Cronbach α reliability coefficient and item-total score correlations. Exploratory factor analyses were applied to examine the factor structure of the scale and its construct validity. To test the time invariance of the scale, the relationships between the scores obtained from the first and second applications were examined using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsThe Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin value of the Family Inventory of Needs was found to be 0.893. The items of the Family Inventory of Needs were found to explain 45.23% of the total variance in scores. The Turkish form of the scale consisted of the importance and fulfillment subdimensions, and had 19 items. The ICCs of the test–retest scores of the importance and fulfillment subdimensions of the Family Inventory of Needs were found to be, respectively, ICC = 1.000 and ICC = 0.730 with a positive, linear, and highly significant relationship between the scores. The item-total score correlation coefficients of the scale were found to vary between 0.920 and 0.908 in the importance subdimension, and between 0.930 and 0.922 in the fulfillment subdimension.Significance of resultsThe Turkish version of the Family Inventory of Needs was found to be a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be safely used with the family members of Turkish inpatients.
The MLKL kinase-like domain dimerization is an indispensable step of mammalian MLKL activation in necroptosis signaling
Authors: Zhang Yu , Liu Jia , Yu Dandan , Zhu Xinxin , Liu Xiaoyan , Liao Jun , Li Sheng , Wang Huayi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMLKL phosphorylation by RIP3 is the commitment step of necroptosis execution, which could induce MLKL activation featured as MLKL monomer-oligomer transition. Here, we reported that the dimerization of the MLKL kinase-like domain was the direct consequence of RIP3 triggered MLKL-phosphorylation. Two inter-dimer interfaces were found in the crystal structure of human MLKL. Mutations destroying both interfaces could prevent RIP3-induced MLKL oligomerization and necroptosis efficiently. Moreover, we confirmed MLKL self-assembly by the internal coiled-coil region is necessary for MLKL oligomerization and function. The mutations disrupting coiled-coil self-assembly repressed necroptosis, but it did not prevent RIP3-induced dimerization of the MLKL kinase-like domain. So that, MLKL activation is a sequential process, which begins with kinase-like domain dimerization, and followed by internal coiled-coil region self-assembly to form a proper MLKL oligomer. Besides human MLKL, structural and functional analysis showed the kinase-like domain dimerization was conserved among mammalian species, suggesting it is a general step of the RIP3-induced MLKL activation process.
Nanophotonic biosensors harnessing van der Waals materials
Authors: Oh Sang-Hyun , Altug Hatice , Jin Xiaojia , Low Tony , Koester Steven J. , Ivanov Aleksandar P. , Edel Joshua B. , Avouris Phaedon , Strano Michael S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLow-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) materials can harness tightly confined polaritonic waves to deliver unique advantages for nanophotonic biosensing. The reduced dimensionality of vdW materials, as in the case of two-dimensional graphene, can greatly enhance plasmonic field confinement, boosting sensitivity and efficiency compared to conventional nanophotonic devices that rely on surface plasmon resonance in metallic films. Furthermore, the reduction of dielectric screening in vdW materials enables electrostatic tunability of different polariton modes, including plasmons, excitons, and phonons. One-dimensional vdW materials, particularly single-walled carbon nanotubes, possess unique form factors with confined excitons to enable single-molecule detection as well as in vivo biosensing. We discuss basic sensing principles based on vdW materials, followed by technological challenges such as surface chemistry, integration, and toxicity. Finally, we highlight progress in harnessing vdW materials to demonstrate new sensing functionalities that are difficult to perform with conventional metal/dielectric sensors.
The widespread and unjust drinking water and clean water crisis in the United States
Authors: Mueller J. Tom , Gasteyer Stephen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMany households in the United States face issues of incomplete plumbing and poor water quality. Prior scholarship on this issue has focused on one dimension of water hardship at a time, leaving the full picture incomplete. Here we begin to complete this picture by documenting incomplete plumbing and poor drinking water quality for the entire United States, as well as poor wastewater quality for the 39 states and territories where data is reliable. In doing so, we find evidence of a regionally-clustered, socially unequal household water crisis. Using data from the American Community Survey and the Environmental Protection Agency, we show there are 489,836 households lacking complete plumbing, 1,165 community water systems in Safe Drinking Water Act Serious Violation, and 9,457 Clean Water Act permittees in Significant Noncompliance. Further, elevated levels of water hardship are associated with rurality, poverty, indigeneity, education, and age—representing a nationwide environmental injustice.
Rapid evolution of bacterial mutualism in the plant rhizosphere
Authors: Li Erqin , de Jonge Ronnie , Liu Chen , Jiang Henan , Friman Ville-Petri , Pieterse Corné M. J. , Bakker Peter A. H. M. , Jousset Alexandre 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhile beneficial plant-microbe interactions are common in nature, direct evidence for the evolution of bacterial mutualism is scarce. Here we use experimental evolution to causally show that initially plant-antagonistic Pseudomonas protegens bacteria evolve into mutualists in the rhizosphere of Arabidopsis thaliana within six plant growth cycles (6 months). This evolutionary transition is accompanied with increased mutualist fitness via two mechanisms: (i) improved competitiveness for root exudates and (ii) enhanced tolerance to the plant-secreted antimicrobial scopoletin whose production is regulated by transcription factor MYB72. Crucially, these mutualistic adaptations are coupled with reduced phytotoxicity, enhanced transcription of MYB72 in roots, and a positive effect on plant growth. Genetically, mutualism is associated with diverse mutations in the GacS/GacA two-component regulator system, which confers high fitness benefits only in the presence of plants. Together, our results show that rhizosphere bacteria can rapidly evolve along the parasitism-mutualism continuum at an agriculturally relevant evolutionary timescale.
Commercial afforestation can deliver effective climate change mitigation under multiple decarbonisation pathways
Authors: Forster Eilidh J. , Healey John R. , Dymond Caren , Styles David 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAfforestation is an important greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation strategy but the efficacy of commercial forestry is disputed. Here, we calculate the potential GHG mitigation of a UK national planting strategy of 30,000 ha yr−1 from 2020 to 2050, using dynamic life cycle assessment. What-if scenarios vary: conifer-broadleaf composition, harvesting, product breakouts, and decarbonisation of substituted energy and materials, to estimate 100-year GHG mitigation. Here we find forest growth rate is the most important determinant of cumulative mitigation by 2120, irrespective of whether trees are harvested. A national planting strategy of commercial forest could mitigate 1.64 Pg CO2e by 2120 (cumulative), compared with 0.54–1.72 Pg CO2e for planting only conservation forests, depending on species composition. Even after heavy discounting of future product substitution credits based on industrial decarbonisation projections, GHG mitigation from harvested stands typically surpasses unharvested stands. Commercial afforestation can deliver effective GHG mitigation that is robust to future decarbonisation pathways and wood uses.
Evaluating the climate impact of aviation emission scenarios towards the Paris agreement including COVID-19 effects
Authors: Grewe Volker , Gangoli Rao Arvind , Grönstedt Tomas , Xisto Carlos , Linke Florian , Melkert Joris , Middel Jan , Ohlenforst Barbara , Blakey Simon , Christie Simon , Matthes Sigrun , Dahlmann Katrin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAviation is an important contributor to the global economy, satisfying society’s mobility needs. It contributes to climate change through CO2 and non-CO2 effects, including contrail-cirrus and ozone formation. There is currently significant interest in policies, regulations and research aiming to reduce aviation’s climate impact. Here we model the effect of these measures on global warming and perform a bottom-up analysis of potential technical improvements, challenging the assumptions of the targets for the sector with a number of scenarios up to 2100. We show that although the emissions targets for aviation are in line with the overall goals of the Paris Agreement, there is a high likelihood that the climate impact of aviation will not meet these goals. Our assessment includes feasible technological advancements and the availability of sustainable aviation fuels. This conclusion is robust for several COVID-19 recovery scenarios, including changes in travel behaviour.
The role of chalcogen vacancies for atomic defect emission in MoS2
Authors: Mitterreiter Elmar , Schuler Bruno , Micevic Ana , Hernangómez-Pérez Daniel , Barthelmi Katja , Cochrane Katherine A. , Kiemle Jonas , Sigger Florian , Klein Julian , Wong Edward , Barnard Edward S. , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Lorke Michael , Jahnke Frank , Finley Johnathan J. , Schwartzberg Adam M. , Qiu Diana Y. , Refaely-Abramson Sivan , Holleitner Alexander W. , Weber-Bargioni Alexander , Kastl Christoph 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFor two-dimensional (2D) layered semiconductors, control over atomic defects and understanding of their electronic and optical functionality represent major challenges towards developing a mature semiconductor technology using such materials. Here, we correlate generation, optical spectroscopy, atomic resolution imaging, and ab initio theory of chalcogen vacancies in monolayer MoS2. Chalcogen vacancies are selectively generated by in-vacuo annealing, but also focused ion beam exposure. The defect generation rate, atomic imaging and the optical signatures support this claim. We discriminate the narrow linewidth photoluminescence signatures of vacancies, resulting predominantly from localized defect orbitals, from broad luminescence features in the same spectral range, resulting from adsorbates. Vacancies can be patterned with a precision below 10 nm by ion beams, show single photon emission, and open the possibility for advanced defect engineering of 2D semiconductors at the ultimate scale.
Direct activation of the proton channel by albumin leads to human sperm capacitation and sustained release of inflammatory mediators by neutrophils
Authors: Zhao Ruiming , Dai Hui , Arias Rodolfo J. , De Blas Gerardo A. , Orta Gerardo , Pavarotti Martín A. , Shen Rong , Perozo Eduardo , Mayorga Luis S. , Darszon Alberto , Goldstein Steve A. N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHuman voltage-gated proton channels (hHv1) extrude protons from cells to compensate for charge and osmotic imbalances due metabolism, normalizing intracellular pH and regulating protein function. Human albumin (Alb), present at various levels throughout the body, regulates oncotic pressure and transports ligands. Here, we report Alb is required to activate hHv1 in sperm and neutrophils. Dose-response studies reveal the concentration of Alb in semen is too low to activate hHv1 in sperm whereas the higher level in uterine fluid yields proton efflux, allowing capacitation, the acrosomal reaction, and oocyte fertilization. Likewise, Alb activation of hHv1 in neutrophils is required to sustain production and release of reactive oxygen species during the immune respiratory burst. One Alb binds to both voltage sensor domains (VSDs) in hHv1, enhancing open probability and increasing proton current. A computational model of the Alb-hHv1 complex, validated by experiments, identifies two sites in Alb domain II that interact with the VSDs, suggesting an electrostatic gating modification mechanism favoring the active “up” sensor conformation. This report shows how sperm are triggered to fertilize, resolving how hHv1 opens at negative membrane potentials in sperm, and describes a role for Alb in physiology that will operate in the many tissues expressing hHv1.
Unexpected contribution of fibroblasts to muscle lineage as a mechanism for limb muscle patterning
Authors: Esteves de Lima Joana , Blavet Cédrine , Bonnin Marie-Ange , Hirsinger Estelle , Comai Glenda , Yvernogeau Laurent , Delfini Marie-Claire , Bellenger Léa , Mella Sébastien , Nassari Sonya , Robin Catherine , Schweitzer Ronen , Fournier-Thibault Claire , Jaffredo Thierry , Tajbakhsh Shahragim , Relaix Frédéric , Duprez Delphine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPositional information driving limb muscle patterning is contained in connective tissue fibroblasts but not in myogenic cells. Limb muscles originate from somites, while connective tissues originate from lateral plate mesoderm. With cell and genetic lineage tracing we challenge this model and identify an unexpected contribution of lateral plate-derived fibroblasts to the myogenic lineage, preferentially at the myotendinous junction. Analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing data from whole limbs at successive developmental stages identifies a population displaying a dual muscle and connective tissue signature. BMP signalling is active in this dual population and at the tendon/muscle interface. In vivo and in vitro gain- and loss-of-function experiments show that BMP signalling regulates a fibroblast-to-myoblast conversion. These results suggest a scenario in which BMP signalling converts a subset of lateral plate mesoderm-derived cells to a myogenic fate in order to create a boundary of fibroblast-derived myonuclei at the myotendinous junction that controls limb muscle patterning.
Fibroblast fusion to the muscle fiber regulates myotendinous junction formation
Authors: Yaseen Wesal , Kraft-Sheleg Ortal , Zaffryar-Eilot Shelly , Melamed Shay , Sun Chengyi , Millay Douglas P. , Hasson Peleg 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVertebrate muscles and tendons are derived from distinct embryonic origins yet they must interact in order to facilitate muscle contraction and body movements. How robust muscle tendon junctions (MTJs) form to be able to withstand contraction forces is still not understood. Using techniques at a single cell resolution we reexamine the classical view of distinct identities for the tissues composing the musculoskeletal system. We identify fibroblasts that have switched on a myogenic program and demonstrate these dual identity cells fuse into the developing muscle fibers along the MTJs facilitating the introduction of fibroblast-specific transcripts into the elongating myofibers. We suggest this mechanism resulting in a hybrid muscle fiber, primarily along the fiber tips, enables a smooth transition from muscle fiber characteristics towards tendon features essential for forming robust MTJs. We propose that dual characteristics of junctional cells could be a common mechanism for generating stable interactions between tissues throughout the musculoskeletal system.
scGCN is a graph convolutional networks algorithm for knowledge transfer in single cell omics
Authors: Song Qianqian , Su Jing , Zhang Wei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSingle-cell omics is the fastest-growing type of genomics data in the literature and public genomics repositories. Leveraging the growing repository of labeled datasets and transferring labels from existing datasets to newly generated datasets will empower the exploration of single-cell omics data. However, the current label transfer methods have limited performance, largely due to the intrinsic heterogeneity among cell populations and extrinsic differences between datasets. Here, we present a robust graph artificial intelligence model, single-cell Graph Convolutional Network (scGCN), to achieve effective knowledge transfer across disparate datasets. Through benchmarking with other label transfer methods on a total of 30 single cell omics datasets, scGCN consistently demonstrates superior accuracy on leveraging cells from different tissues, platforms, and species, as well as cells profiled at different molecular layers. scGCN is implemented as an integrated workflow as a python software, which is available at https://github.com/QSong-github/scGCN.
Observation of current-induced switching in non-collinear antiferromagnetic IrMn3 by differential voltage measurements
Authors: Arpaci Sevdenur , Lopez-Dominguez Victor , Shi Jiacheng , Sánchez-Tejerina Luis , Garesci Francesca , Wang Chulin , Yan Xueting , Sangwan Vinod K. , Grayson Matthew A. , Hersam Mark C. , Finocchio Giovanni , Khalili Amiri Pedram 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere is accelerating interest in developing memory devices using antiferromagnetic (AFM) materials, motivated by the possibility for electrically controlling AFM order via spin-orbit torques, and its read-out via magnetoresistive effects. Recent studies have shown, however, that high current densities create non-magnetic contributions to resistive switching signals in AFM/heavy metal (AFM/HM) bilayers, complicating their interpretation. Here we introduce an experimental protocol to unambiguously distinguish current-induced magnetic and nonmagnetic switching signals in AFM/HM structures, and demonstrate it in IrMn3/Pt devices. A six-terminal double-cross device is constructed, with an IrMn3 pillar placed on one cross. The differential voltage is measured between the two crosses with and without IrMn3 after each switching attempt. For a wide range of current densities, reversible switching is observed only when write currents pass through the cross with the IrMn3 pillar, eliminating any possibility of non-magnetic switching artifacts. Micromagnetic simulations support our findings, indicating a complex domain-mediated switching process.