bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of the Complement System Classical and Alternative Pathways in the Pathogenesis of Lacrimal Gland Benign Lymphoepithelial Lesions
Authors: Liu Rui , Li Jing , Sun Mei , Wang Jinjin , Wang Nan , Zhang Xuan , Ge Xin , Ma Jianmin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective: The complement system plays an important role in chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases. On the basis of previous studies, this paper further analyzed the role of the complement system classical pathway and alternative pathway in the pathogenesis of lacrimal gland benign lymphoepithelial lesions (LGBLEL).Methods: Six cases of LGBLEL and six cases of orbital cavernous hemangioma (CH), diagnosed by histopathology in Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, between July 2010 and October 2013 were randomly selected for proteomic analysis. Gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were used to analyze the signaling pathways of differentially expressed genes and proteins. Four LGBLEL and three orbital CH cases, diagnosed by histopathology in Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, between October 2018 and August 2019, were randomly selected as the experimental group and the control group, respectively. RT-PCR, immunohistochemical staining and western blotting were used to verify the genes and proteins related to the complement system signaling pathway.Results: The expression of complement system signaling pathway in LGBLEL tissue was significantly different (P<0.0001) compared with orbital CH, and C3, C5 and C9 were differentially expressed genes. RT-PCR results showed that mRNA expression levels of C1qA, C3, C5 and C9 related to the complement signaling pathway were higher in LGBLEL tissues than in orbital CH (P<0.0001). Immunohistochemical staining results showed that C1qA, C3, C5 and C9 protein expression was significantly higher in LGBLEL tissues than in orbital CH. Western blotting showed that the levels of C1qA, C3, C5 and C9 proteins were significantly higher in LGBLEL tissues than in orbital CH (P=0.0008; P=0.0375; P=0.0306; P=0.0073, respectively).Conclusion: Both the classical and alternative pathways of complement system are involved in the pathogenesis of LGBLEL.
Quantum Fourier Transform Is the Building Block for Creating Entanglement
Authors: Mastriani Mario 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study demonstrates entanglement can be exclusively constituted by quantum Fourier transform (QFT) blocks. A bridge between entanglement and QFT will allow incorporating a spectral analysis to the already traditional temporal approach of entanglement, which will result in the development of new more performant, and fault-tolerant protocols to be used in quantum computing as well as quantum communication, with particular emphasis in the future quantum Internet.
Advanced Metabolic Engineering Approaches and Renewable Energy to Improve Environmental Benefits of Algal Biofuels: LCA of Large-Scale Biobutanol Production with Cyanobacteria Synechocystis PCC6803
Authors: Villacreses-Freire Daniela , Ketzer Franziska , Rösch Christine 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Microalgae have the potential to serve as sustainable biocatalysts for direct sun-to-bioproduct approaches, e.g. for the synthesis of biofuels. Genetic engineered mutants with a higher photon conversion efficiency of sunlight into biofuels of interest are capable to serve as powerful green cell factories. These advanced metabolic engineering approaches are expected to have environmental benefits, especially for climate protection.The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) on these novel technologies for the continuous production of algal biobutanol are based on unique and until now unpublished data from a pilot plant. Applying an upscaling approach the environmental impacts of algal biobutanol production at large-scale (20 ha plant) are presented for different scenarios. The results of the prospective LCA show that the higher productivity of the genetically engineered cyanobacteria Synechocystis PCC6803 and its specific feature of discharging the product biobutanol into the medium has a positive impact on the environment. However, electricity demand required for algae cultivation and product harvest overcompensates this advantage. The scenario calculations show that a positive climate gas balance can only be achieved if renewable energy is used.These results indicate the importance of genetic engineering and the energy transition for a fully renewable electricity supply to take full advantage of their environmental potential. Besides, the importance of applying upscaling approaches in LCA for a fairer comparison with mature reference technologies is demonstrated.
Stepwise Evolution of Photocatalytic Spinel-Structured (Co,Cr,Fe,Mn,Ni)3O4 High Entropy Oxides from First-Principles Calculations to Machine Learning
Authors: Lin Chia-Chun , Chang Chia-Wei , Kaun Chao-Cheng , Su Yen-Hsun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

High entropy oxides (HEOx) are novel materials, which increase the potential application in the fields of energy and catalysis. However, a series of HEOx is too novel to evaluate the synthesis properties, including formation and fundamental properties. Combining first-principles calculations with machine learning (ML) techniques, we predict the lattice constants and formation energies of spinel-structured photocatalytic HEOx, (Co,Cr,Fe,Mn,Ni)3O4, for stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric structures. The effects of site occupation by different metal cations in the spinel structure are obtained through first-principles calculations and ML predictions. Our predicted results show that the lattice constants of these spinel-structured oxides are composition-dependent and that the formation energies of those oxides containing Cr atoms are low. The computing time and computing energy can be greatly economized through the tandem approach of first-principles calculations and ML.
Assessment of Student's Knowledge in high Institute of Medical Technology / Abuslim about Tuberculosis diseases
Authors: Amer Hamida Mohammed , Ouhida Amal Almasri 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective: A purposive study aims to identify the student knowledge about tuberculosis disease.Methods: The sample of 140 students was selected from the second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth class from the medical departments in high Institute of Medical Technology/abusleem for the period from March 2019 to June 2019. The questionnaire was designed to achieve the aims of study, it was consisting of many parts, the first content the demographic information, the second part include knowledge of students about categories that infected with tuberculosis. The third part include the student knowledge of the signs of disease, the fourth content methods of transmission of disease, and the last part include the student information about the methods of protection of tuberculosis disease. Data were analyzed by using frequency distribution, percentage Results: This study found insufficient TB knowledge in a sample of students, poor knowledge about TB. They must improve knowledge about TB, because these students could be exposed to the Mycobacterium strains during their training activities or when they are employed in private and public health care settings.
Sildenafil for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pitre Tyler , Khalid Muhammad Faran , Cui Sonya , Zhang Melanie C. , Husnudinov Renata , Mah Jasmine , Helmeczi Wryan , Su Johnny , Banfield Laura , Guy Brent , Scallan Ciaran , Zeraatkar Dena , Jones Aaron 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis have a poor overall prognosis and there are few evidence based drug therapies that reduce mortality. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess whether sildenafil reduces mortality, reduces disease progression and the adverse side effects associated with it. Methods: In this review, randomized controlled studies (RCTs) were retrieved from MEDLINE, Cochrane, and EMBASE. The primary outcome was mortality. The secondary outcomes included change in FVC, acute exacerbations and hospitalizations and adverse drug effects leading to discontinuation. We used an inverse variance random effects meta-analysis method to calculate pooled odds ratio (OR) and standardized mean difference (SMD). Results: A total of 4 studies were included. Sildenafil probably reduces mortality when compared to placebo or to standard care, [OR 0.63 (0.38,1.03), I2=0%]. Pooled results showed sildenafil does not alter the rate of change of FVC [SMD 0.02 (-0.14,0.18)], or DLCO [SMR -0.01 (-0.18,0.17)], I2=0]. Pooled results showed sildenafil may not reduce the number of hospitalizations or acute exacerbations, [OR 1.06 (0.67,1.67)], I2= 0]. There was no significant difference in drug discontinuation due to adverse effects when comparing sildenafil to the control group, [OR 0.79 (0.56, 1.11)], I2=0]. Conclusion: Sildenafil probably reduces all-cause mortality in IPF patients. More studies need to be done in order to confirm the magnitude and reliability of the point estimate.
Flow Over Embankment Gabion Weirs in Free Flow Conditions
Authors: Biabani Roya , Salmasi Farzin , Nouri Meysam , Abraham John 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Gabion weirs have been widely used in rivers restoration and diversion water projects because of their hydro-environmental aspects and eco-friendly features. In this study, a series of laboratory tests were performed to investigate the effects of side ramp slope, crest length, and porous media properties on the flow regimes, water-surface profiles, discharge coefficients, and energy dissipation in embankment gabion weirs with upstream and downstream slopes. 24 physical models of solid and gabion weirs with three different upstream/downstream slopes (90°, 45° and 26.5°) were created. For gabion weirs, three different filling materials were tested. To investigate the complexity of flow over the porous-fluid interface and through the porous material, three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulations were developed. The results show that decreasing upstream slopes, from 90º to 26.5º, leads to decreased discharge coefficients. However, in all cases, gabion weirs lead to greater discharge coefficients than those of similar solid weirs. For milder side slopes, discharge ratios passing through all faces of the gabion weirs decreased nonlinearly. Moreover, with increasing the inlet discharge, relative energy dissipation was reduced up to 45% in gabion weirs.
Incidence of Epilepsy among elderly Sudanese patients with Alzheimer’s disease: A prospective cohort study on 480 patients, Khartoum, Sudan, 2019
Authors: Ahmed Abbasher Hussien Mohamed , Ahmed Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed , Omer Mohammed Eltahier Abdalla , Siddig Amira 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: An increased prevalence of epilepsy had been documented with dementia. Alzheimer’s disease and epilepsy often coexist. Objective: The aim of this study to assess incidence rates of epilepsy among Sudanese patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study. We followed 480 patients aged more than 65 years with diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease between May 2006 and May 2019 looking for coexist epilepsy. Results: Regarding Alzheimer’s disease female were affected more than male (60%). 10% of our patients have epilepsy. Generalize epilepsy was the most common type (62%). Epilepsy was more common with late onset Alzheimer’s disease. Abnormal EEG was detected in 20% of our studied group. Abnormal Brain MRI in form of cerebral atrophy was observed in 60 % of patients with Alzheimer’s disease and epilepsy. Conclusion: Patients with Alzheimer’s disease have an increased risk of developing epilepsy. There is strong relation between disease duration and development of epilepsy.
Analysis of Ethno-STEM Integrated Project Based Learning on Students' Critical and Creative Thinking Skills
Authors: Ariyatun Ariyatun 
Published: June 2021

Critical and creative thinking is one of the 21st century skills that meet the needs in the educational process. In addition, learning local wisdom which is closely related to scientific concepts also really needs to be emphasized. This study aims to analyze students' critical and creative thinking skills through the application of Ethno-STEM Integrated Project Based Learning. This research is a case study research with a One-Shot Case Study design. The research subjects were 36 students of class XI IPA at SMA Negeri 1 Weleri. Data collection used a test instrument that has been validated by experts and shows a Cronbach Alpha score of 0.72. From the results of data analysis, it shows that students' critical thinking skills achieve good criteria, with the highest achievement in the aspect of providing simple explanations and the ability to think creatively of students achieving good criteria with the highest achievement on the flexibility aspect, which is to provide various interpretations of a picture, story, or problem. In conclusion, the integrated Ethno-STEM Project Based Learning can train students' critical and creative thinking skills.
Soft computing technique-based prediction of water quality index
Authors: Singh Balraj , Sihag Parveen , Singh Vijay P. , Sepahvand Alireza , Singh Karan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Water quality plays a crucial role in management of water resources. Water quality indexes (WQIs) are frequently used methods to assess water quality for drinking purposes. A WQI can be predicted using chemical analysis which might not, however, be viable for a longer period in all country-scale rivers. Thus, in this investigation, two neural-based soft computing techniques – an artificial neural network (ANN) and a generalized regression neural network (GRNN) – and one hybrid soft computing techniques – an adaptive neuro-fuzzy interference system (ANFIS) with four membership functions – were used to predict WQIs in Khorramabad, Biranshahr and Alashtar sub-watersheds in Iran. Ten distinct physiochemical parameters were used as input variables and WQI as output. Simultaneously, a correlation plot and pairs were used to ascertain the relation of input and output variables. The soft computing techniques were compared using six fitness criteria: Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), mean absolute error (MAE), Legates-McCabe Index (LMI), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and coefficient of correlation (CC). Results indicated that ANN better predicted WQI than did GRNN and ANFIS. Among the different membership functions of ANFIS, ANFIS_trimf was far better than were the others. Thus, it was concluded that ANN was a viable tool for the prediction of a WQI.
Combination Therapy with Favipiravir for Treatment of Hospitalized COVID-19 Adults
Authors: Bonilla Maria-Fernanda , Lascano Martin E. , El-Lababidi Rania , Nusair Ahmad , Mooty Mohamad , Balkis Maher , Malik Asim , John Terrence J. Lee-St. , Sasidhar Madhu 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The optimal treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains unclear. Favipiravir, an RNA polymerase inhibitor, has been used for
COVID-19 but its clinical role and safety have not been established.

Methods:
We evaluated the outcomes of hospitalized adults with COVID-19 on favipiravir as part of combination therapy between March 1 and June 1,
2020. Favipiravir was given at a loading dose of 1600 mg orally every 12 hours for 2 doses, followed by a maintenance dose of 600 mg orally
every eight hours. We performed a retrospective assessment of virologic clearance, improvement in oxygenation, clinical improvement and
possible adverse effects.

Results:
One hundred and nine patients received favipiravir for a mean duration of 5.32 days. Mean time from symptom onset to initiation of favipiravir
(day 0) was 4.89 days. Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score was <2 in 83 patients (76.1%), and 17 patients (15.6%) were on invasive
mechanical ventilation at day 0. All patients received at least one additional antiviral, 50 patients (45.9%) received tocilizumab and 14 patients
(12.8%) received convalescent plasma. Mean clinical and oxygenation improvement at day 28 were 79.8% and 81.6%, respectively, including
10/17 patients (58.8%) who were extubated. There was no statistically significant difference in mean viral RNA clearance time between patients
that received >7 days and those receiving <7 days of favipiravir. Mortality was 9.2%. Main adverse events leading to early favipiravir
discontinuation were QTc interval prolongation (11%) and hypertriglyceridemia (8.3%).

Conclusion:
Early use of favipiravir as part of combination therapy was associated with improved outcomes, a low mortality rate and a high rate of clinical and
oxygenation improvement in patients with mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19. There was no impact on virologic clearance. No severe adverse
effects were recorded. The effect of favipiravir as monotherapy and as part of early combination therapy need to be elucidated further in
randomized clinical trials.
Efficacy of Glucocorticoid Administration in Patients with Cardiac Arrest: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies
Authors: Sahebnasagh Adeleh , Najmeddin Farhad , Najafi Atabak , Saghafi Fatemeh , Salehi-Abargouei Amin , Ahmadi Arezoo , Amini Shahideh , Mojtahedzadeh Mojtaba , Sharifnia Hamidreza 
Published: June 2021

Background:The pathophysiology of cardiac arrest (CA) involves over-activation of systemic inflammatory responses, relative adrenal insufficiency, and glycocalyx damage. Corticosteroids have beneficial effects in preventing the perturbation of the endothelial glycocalyx.Objectives:The aim of this systematic review was to determine the efficacy of glucocorticoids in patients with cardiac arrest.Methods:We searched PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Cochrane central register for relevant clinical trials and cohort studies until September 2019.Results:We retrieved 7 peer-reviewed published studies for the systematic review. Two studies were clinical trials evaluating 147 patients, while five illustrated cohort design, evaluating 196,192 patients. In total, 196,339 patients were assessed. There was limited evidence and conflicting results to establish a correlation between glucocorticoids and the survival of patients suffering from cardiac arrest. However, the links between these medications and survival-to-admission, survival-to discharge, and 1-year survival rates were strong and consistent in observational studies.Conclusion:The clinical evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of glucocorticoids in CA is limited to observational studies with inconsistent methodology and few clinical trials with a small sample size. Nevertheless, it seems that glucocorticoid supplementation during and after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may have beneficial effects in terms of survival-to-admission, survival to discharge, 1-year survival rates, and an improved return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) rate, especially in patients with hemodynamic instability and cardiovascular diseases (i.e., refractory hemodynamic shock). Future studies with high-quality, large-scale, long-term intervention and precise baseline characteristics are needed to evaluate the exact effective dose, duration, and efficacy of glucocorticoids in CA.
RNA Sequencing Reveals the Wound Repair Mechanism of Cuyuxunxi Prescription
in Surgical Patients with Anal Fistulas
Authors: Yang Wei , Qu Yin , Zhang Zhijun , Lu Yafeng , Zheng De 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Anal fistula is one of the most common colorectal and perirectal diseases in
the world. Cuyuxunxi (CYXX) prescription is an efficient herbal fumigant used to promote the
surgical wound healing of anal fistulas.

Objective:
This study aimed to explore the underlying molecular mechanism of CYXX prescription
on surgical wound healing of anal fistulas.

Methods:
Ten patients with anal fistula were randomized into a control group or treatment group.
The wound surface of patients in the control group was rinsed by normal saline, while that in the
treatment group was rinsed by CYXX prescription. The wound tissues of patients with anal fistulas
seven days after the surgery were collected for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and RNA
sequencing. The expressions of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were validated by real-time
quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR).

Results:
HE staining showed that CYXX treatment reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells. A
total of 472 DEGs, including 141 up-regulated genes and 331 down-regulated genes, were identified.
These genes were significantly related to skin development, xenobiotic stimulus, and inflammation.
In addition, the consistency rate of RT-qPCR and sequencing results was 83.33%, which showed a
high relative reliability of the sequencing results.

Conclusion:
CYXX prescription could improve epidermis repair and reduce inflammatory
responses.
NGS-based mtDNA Profiling Could Reveal Genetic Alterations in Schizophrenia
Authors: Ivanova Elena Mihailova , Kandilarova Snezhina Mihailova , Lukanov Tzvetelin Ivanov , Naumova Elissaveta Jordanova , Akabalieva Katerina Valentinova , Milanova Vihra Krumova 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Schizophrenia is a complex disease with a putative genetic background. It
was hypothesized that impaired mitochondrial function due to genetic alterations in mitochondrial
DNA (mtDNA) could contribute to neurological conditions, including mental disorders. The aim
of the study was to find out possible pathogenic mutations and/or variants in mtDNA potentially related
to schizophrenia development.

Objective:
The study involved 37 patients with paranoid schizophrenia, whose mtDNA profiles
were compared to those of 23 healthy controls.

Methods:
Patients and controls were assessed using PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome
Scale) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), respectively. The entire mtDNA was sequenced
by the NGS platform (MiSeq®, Illumina). Bioinformatics data were processed by mtDNA Variant
Processor and Analyser (Illumina), mtDNA-Server, and SPSS-17.

Results:
A total of 480 mtDNA variants (single nucleotide replacements, point insertions, and deletions)
were found. The polymorphic variant m.1811A>G (MT-RNR2) showed the highest frequency
in schizophrenia (24.3%), as compared to the controls (4.3%) (p=0.07). Increased frequency
was also found mainly in polymorphisms, belonging to complex 1 genes: MT-ND4 (11251G and
11467G), MT-ND3 (10398G), MT-ND1 (4216С), and MT-ND5 (12611G and 13708А), some of
which were associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Two individual mutations were identified
in the patients: a pathogenic one - m.11778 A>G (LHON) and a newly identified, potentially pathogenic
- m.4115 Т>C (NADH dehydrogenase 1).

Conclusions:
Particular mtDNA variants predominantly in complex I, probably serve as a risk genetic
background in schizophrenia. The presence of pathogenic mutations in patients with psychotic
manifestations expands the clinical scope of mitochondrial diseases and deserves further investigation.