bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topical κ‐opioid receptor agonist asimadoline improves dermatitis in a canine model of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Marsella Rosanna , Ahrens Kim , Wilkes Rachel , Soeberdt Michael , Abels Christoph 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis prospective, 4‐week, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over study aimed to investigate the efficacy of 1% topical κ‐opioid agonist, asimadoline, in a model of canine atopic dermatitis (AD). Fourteen beagles were challenged with house dust mites every 3–4 days for a total of 9 challenges. Severity of dermatitis was assessed, and pruritus was monitored using GoPro HERO cameras. Pruritus scoring was evaluated at 10 time periods; baseline, 4 h post allergen challenge and the last day of the study on Day 28. Scoring was done blindly by personnel using BORIS software. A global subjective score was also given using a visual analogue scale (VAS). A 4‐week washout period occurred and dogs were crossed‐over, the study was repeated, and the results were analysed using combined data. Gel was applied once daily on inguinal area (0.6 ml/dog). ANOVA showed significant effect of time (p < 0.0001) and group (p = 0.0001) on dermatitis scores. Overall, no statistically significant effect on pruritus was found due to a crossing of scores on Day 17. Overtime the placebo scores increased while the active ingredient showed decrease after first 3 weeks. It is concluded that this approach is promising in dogs with AD and longer studies with more frequent application may be beneficial.
Responses of soil bacterial community structure and function to dry–wet cycles more stable in paddy than in dryland agricultural ecosystems
Authors: Qi Jiejun , Chen Beibei , Gao Jiamin , Peng Ziheng , Jiao Shuo , Wei Gehong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimClimate change is the foremost cause of terrestrial biodiversity decline, but the microbial communities from different habitats do not respond equally to environmental change. However, our understanding of the response patterns of microbial diversity to climate change remains limited in distinct agriculture ecosystems across large spatial scales. Here, we explore the response patterns of soil bacterial community structure and function to dry–wet cycles in dryland (maize) and paddy (rice) agricultural ecosystems throughout eastern China.LocationEastern China.Time periodNovember 2019 to May 2020.Major taxa studiedBacterial communities.MethodsIncubation experiments with dry–wet cycles were carried out on the soil samples collected from 25 paired maize and rice fields across eastern China. Bacterial community structure was estimated via high‐throughput sequencing techniques. We applied quantitative polymerase chain reaction to evaluate the effect of the dry–wet cycle on the change of functional genes. Phylogenetic signals were examined based on Blomberg’s K to test the phylogenetic conservatism of maize and rice bacterial communities during dry–wet cycles.ResultsDry–wet cycles significantly decreased bacterial alpha diversity in both maize and rice soils, and bacterial communities from warmer regions were more sensitive to dry–wet cycles. The bacterial responses to dry–wet cycles were phylogenetically conserved, with greater phylogenetic conservation in the former. The abundance of functional genes that were related to carbon decomposition, nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification and organophosphorus mineralization decreased during dry–wet cycles, and the resistances of such functional genes to disturbance were stronger in rice soils than in maize soils. In addition, the relative abundances of stable amplicon sequence variants during dry–wet cycles had a significant positive linear relationship with functional gene abundance in the maize and rice soils, indicating their essential roles in the stability of microbial function.Main conclusionsWe conclude that soil bacterial community structure and function in dryland agricultural ecosystems are less stable and exhibit greater phylogenetic conservation in response to dry–wet cycles when compared with paddy fields. In addition, our study reveals, for the first time, the response patterns of bacterial communities to dry–wet cycles in dryland and wetland agroecosystems.
In vitro digestibility and physicochemical properties of Arenga pinnata starch‐chitosan following heat‐moisture treatment
Authors: Xue Shan , Mei Jiang‐Yang , Liu Yuan‐Sen , Ren Min‐Hong , Li Meng‐Yun , Fu Zhen 
Published: November 2021

SummaryIn vitro digestibility and physicochemical properties of chitosan (CS)‐modified Arenga pinnata starch (APS) after heat‐moisture treatment (HMT) were evaluated. HMT would limit the enzymatic hydrolysis of APS and the digestion rate of HMT‐APS‐CS was further reduced with the decrease of CS molecular weight. CS and HMT inhibited the solubility (SOL) and swelling power (SP) of APS, and the inhibition effect was more obvious with the decrease in CS molecular weight. Changes in the pasting properties of the CS‐modified APS indicated that the initial structure of the APS granules was destroyed with the formation of a denser structure. The increase of the relative crystallinity and the aggregation of the APS granules were related to starch cross‐linking confirmed by Fourier transform infrared. The interactions between CS and APS granules after HMT greatly altered granular morphology and internal structure of APS. Therefore, the improvements of SDS and RS of HMT‐APS‐CS were mainly related to CS covering the surface of the APS granules, granule aggregation and HMT‐induced changes in the internal structure of the starch granule.
Changes in the quality and in vitro digestibility of brown rice noodles with the addition of ultrasound‐assisted enzyme‐treated red lentil protein
Authors: Lin Zexue , Liu Lu , Qin Wanyu , Wang Aixia , Nie Mengzi , Xi Huihan , Chen Zhiying , He Yue , Wang Fengzhong , Tong Li‐Tao 
Published: November 2021

SummaryThe effects of red lentil protein with ultrasound‐assisted enzymatic treatment on the quality of brown rice noodles were investigated. The thermostability and anti‐retrogradation ability of brown rice flour decreased significantly (P < 0.05), while the elastic and viscous modulus increased after adding untreated red lentil protein. Meanwhile, the cooking loss rate of brown rice noodles increased from 4.41% to 5.68%. When the red lentil protein was treated with ultrasound and enzyme, the protein–starch interaction was enhanced, and the negative effects of protein on brown rice flour and noodles were weakened. Moreover, the rice noodles with ultrasound‐assisted enzyme‐treated red lentil protein showed a lower starch digestibility than brown rice noodles, and its protein digestibility was significantly higher than that of rice noodles with ultrasound or enzyme‐treated protein. Therefore, the addition of ultrasound‐assisted enzyme‐treated red lentil protein could effectively decrease predicted glycaemic index value, improve nutritional value and produce high‐quality brown rice noodles.
Ka‐pi‐plaa fermented using beardless barb fish: physicochemical, microbiological and antioxidant properties as influenced by production processes
Authors: Sripokar Pakteera , Hansen Egon Bech , Zhang Yi , Maneerat Suppasil , Klomklao Sappasith 
Published: November 2021

SummaryProduction of Thai fish paste Ka‐pi‐plaa fermented using beardless barb, Cyclocheilichthys apogon was monitored. The physicochemical, microbiological and antioxidant properties were compared after each process, that is autolysis, salting, sun‐drying and fermentation. Colour parameters L* decreased while a* and b* increased during production (P < 0.05). The Ka‐pi‐plaa finished product presented an intense brown colour as shown with the increase in browning intensity (A420). Contents of formal nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and amino nitrogen showed continuous increase (P < 0.05) indicating the formation of peptides and free amino acids, which were verified by protein patterns. Populations of total, halophilic, proteolytic, lipolytic and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) generally increased. Halophilic bacteria grew rapidly after salting. LAB counts were correlated with the pH change. It was suggested that a few biochemical reactions occurred during production, including protein hydrolysis by microbial and fish proteases, lipid oxidation as presented by the increasing thiobarbituric acid reactive substances value, and Maillard reaction based on the determined precursors and products. Antioxidant activities generally increased during production particularly fermentation, suggesting Ka‐pi‐plaa possessed 2,2‐diphenyl‐l‐picrylhydrazyl and 2,2‐azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) scavenging and metal chelating activities, and ferric reducing power. This study provides important information on the relationship among production steps, various properties and chemical reactions for fish fermentation.
Coordination mechanisms in a two‐stage green supply chain: analyzing the impact of transportation decisions on environment
Authors: Darzi Ramandi Milad , Bafruei Morteza Khakzar , Ansaripoor Amir H. , Paul Sanjoy Kumar , Chowdhury Md. Maruf Hossan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, the distributor in charge of freight transport is responsible for replenishing the buyer's inventory level, with the government intervening in the supply chain to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In the proposed model, a periodic review replenishment policy is applied by the buyer, whereby the distributor is responsible for determining the optimal review period. Therefore, a game theory approach is used to show how government intervention influences the replenishment decisions, transportation, and safety factor. Due to the government constraint imposed to control GHG emissions, the distributor has to set a longer review period involving fewer trucks, resulting in his/her decision leading to more shortage costs for the buyer. The results of four numerical examples indicate that the buyer is not given any incentives to cooperate with the distributor due to his/her reduced revenue. Hence, this study proposes two‐part tariff (TPT) and cost‐sharing (CS) contracts to increase the profitability of both players. Finally, the results show that both coordination mechanisms can effectively coordinate the supply chain, but the TPT contract can also reduce GHG emissions. Furthermore, in all scenarios where the government constraint is implemented, the number of unfilled trucks in each replenishment inventory has been decreased.
Two novel screened microbial consortia and their application in combination with Lactobacillus plantarum for improving fermentation quality of high-moisture alfalfa
Authors: Li Junfeng , Wang Siran , Zhao Jie , Dong Zhihao , Liu Qinhua , Dong Dong , Shao Tao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Aims
To enrich lignocellulolytic microbial consortia and evaluate whether a combination of these consortia and Lactobacillus plantarum can facilitate degradation of structural carbohydrates and improve fermentation quality of high-moisture alfalfa silage.

Methods and Results
Two novel microbial consortia (CL and YL) with high lignocellulolytic potential were enriched, and had higher enzyme activities at slightly acidic conditions (pH 3.5–6.5). Two consortia were inoculated with and without combined L. plantarum (LP) to alfalfa for up to 120 days of ensiling. The two consortia alone or combined with LP significantly (p &lt; 0.05) increased lactic-to-acetic acid ratios and decreased contents of volatile organic acids and NH3-N as compared to the control. Treatments that combining microbial consortia and LP further resulted in the higher contents of lactic acid (LA), water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and crude protein, dry matter (DM) recovery, and lower neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent lignin and cellulose contents, with YLP silage showing the lowest pH (4.41) and highest LA content (76.72 g kg−1 DM) and the conversion of WSC into LA (184.03%).

Conclusions
The addition of lignocellulolytic microbial consortia (CL or YL) to alfalfa silages as attractive silage inoculants could improve fermentation quality, and that their combination with L. plantarum appeared more effective on the degradation of structural carbohydrates and conversion of soluble carbohydrates into LA.

Significance and Impact of the Study
High-moisture alfalfa is difficult to ensile due to its high buffering capacity and low readily fermentable carbohydrate contents. Microbial consortia (CL and YL) can encode a broad selection of multi-functional CAZymes, and their combination with LP could be promising for the degradation of structural carbohydrates simultaneously with improvement fermentation quality, with high performance in LA production.
CircZNF532 knockdown protects retinal pigment epithelial cells against high glucose‐induced apoptosis and pyroptosis by regulating the miR‐20b‐5p/STAT3 axis
Authors: Liang Gao‐Hua , Luo Yan‐Ni , Wei Ri‐Zhang , Yin Jia‐Yang , Qin Zhi‐Liang , Lu Li‐Li , Ma Wen‐Hao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe loss of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is associated with the etiology of diabetic retinopathy (DR). This study investigated the effects of circular RNA ZNF532 (circZNF532) on apoptosis and pyroptosis of RPE cells.Materials and MethodsBlood samples were collected from patients with DR and healthy volunteers. A human RPE cell line ARPE‐19 was induced by high glucose (HG) and assayed for cell viability, apoptosis, and pyroptosis. The binding of miR‐20b‐5p with circZNF532 and STAT3 was confirmed by a luciferase activity assay. A mouse model of diabetic retinopathy was established.ResultsCircZNF532 and STAT3 were upregulated but miR‐20b‐5p was downregulated in the serum samples of patients with DR and HG‐induced ARPE‐19 cells. Elevated miR‐20b‐5p or CircZNF532 knockdown enhanced proliferation but reduced apoptosis and pyroptosis of ARPE‐19 cells. CircZNF532 sponged miR‐20b‐5p and inhibited its expression. STAT3 was verified as a target of miR‐20b‐5p. MiR‐20b‐5p modulated ARPE‐19 cell viability, apoptosis, and pyroptosis by targeting STAT3. Mice with STZ‐induced diabetes showed elevated expressions of circZNF532 and STAT3 but decreased the level of miR‐20b‐5p compared with the controls. Knockdown of circZNF532 inhibited apoptosis and pyroptosis in mouse retinal tissues.ConclusionCircZNF532 knockdown rescued human RPE cells from HG‐induced apoptosis and pyroptosis by regulating STAT3 via miR‐20b‐5p.
Gastrointestinal function in diabetes is affected regardless of asymptomatic appearance
Authors: Wegeberg Anne‐Marie , Bertoli Davide , Ejskjaer Niels , Brock Birgitte , Drewes Asbjørn Mohr , Brock Christina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundGastrointestinal dysmotility may exist without concomitant symptoms. We hypothesize that asymptomatic individuals with diabetes have altered gastrointestinal function associated with age, cardiac vagal tone and glycaemic control.MethodsOne hundred fifty‐four asymptomatic participants (61 with type 1 diabetes (T1D), 70 type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 23 healthy volunteers (HV)) underwent wireless motility capsule investigation. Transit times, motility indices and pH were retrieved. Age, cardiac vagal tone, glucose and haemoglobin A1c levels were collected.ResultsIn T1D, prolongation of colonic (p = 0.03) and whole‐gut transit times (p = 0.04) were shown. Transpyloric pH rise was decreased in T1D (p = 0.001) and T2D (p = 0.007) and was associated with cardiac vagal tone (p = 0.03) or glucose (p = 0.04) and haemoglobin A1c (p = 0.005). Ileocaecal pH fall was decreased in T2D (p < 0.001).ConclusionsGastrointestinal function was altered in asymptomatic individuals with diabetes. These findings call for further investigations of gastrointestinal function in order to identify risk factors or even predictors for diabetic enteropathy, particularly when glycaemic control is impaired.
Humoral response to two doses of BNT162b2 vaccination in people with HIV
Authors: Heftdal Line Dam , Knudsen Andreas Dehlbæk , Hamm Sebastian Rask , Hansen Cecilie Bo , Møller Dina Leth , Pries‐Heje Mia , Fogh Kamille , Hasselbalch Rasmus Bo , Jarlhelt Ida , Pérez‐Alós Laura , Hilsted Linda Maria , Ostrowski Sisse Rye , Gerstoft Jan , Grønbæk Kirsten , Bundgaard Henning , Iversen Kasper , Garred Peter , Nielsen Susanne Dam 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeople with HIV (PWH) are at increased risk of severe COVID‐19. We aimed to determine humoral responses in PWH and controls who received two doses of BNT162b2.MethodsIn 269 PWH and 538 age‐matched controls, we measured IgG and neutralizing antibodies specific for the receptor‐binding domain of SARS‐CoV‐2 at baseline, 3 weeks and 2 months after the first dose of BNT162b2.ResultsIgG antibodies increased from baseline to 3 weeks and from 3 weeks to 2 months in both groups, but the concentrations of IgG antibodies were lower in PWH than that in controls at 3 weeks and 2 months (p = 0.025 and <0.001), respectively. The IgG titres in PWH with a humoral response at 2 months were 77.9% (95% confidence interval [62.5%–97.0%], age‐ and sex‐adjusted p = 0.027) of controls.ConclusionsReduced IgG antibody response to vaccination with BNT162b2 was found in PWH, and thus increased awareness of breakthrough infections in PWH is needed.
Pathogen‐induced expression of a blight tolerance transgene in American chestnut
Authors: Carlson Erik , Stewart Kristen , Baier Kathleen , McGuigan Linda , Culpepper Tobi , Powell William 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAmerican chestnut (Castanea dentata) is a susceptible host of the invasive necrotrophic fungus Cryphonectria parasitica, which causes chestnut blight disease. The fungal pathogen attacks chestnut stems by invading wounded tissue and secreting oxalate. This process leads to the death of infected host cells and the formation of cankers, eventually girdling stems and killing the tree above the infections. To reduce damage caused by fungal oxalate, American chestnut has been genetically engineered to express a wheat oxalate oxidase (OxO). This enzyme degrades the oxalate produced by the pathogen and confers elevated tolerance to Cryphonectria parasitica infection. We report new lines of transgenic American chestnut that have been developed with the win3.12 inducible promoter from poplar (Populus deltoides) driving OxO expression. This promoter is responsive to both wounding and pathogen infection, with a low level of baseline expression. Targeted expression of OxO to wounded and infected tissue is sought as an alternative to constitutive expression for potential metabolic resource conservation and transgene stability over the long lifetime of a tree and over successive generations of breeding. Transgenic Castanea dentata lines harbouring the win3.12‐OxO construct were evaluated for transgene expression patterns and tolerance to chestnut blight infection. OxO transcript levels were low in uninfected plants, but robust infection‐induced expression levels were observed, with one transgenic line reaching levels comparable to those of previously characterized CaMV35S‐OxO lines. In chestnut blight infection bioassays, win3.12‐OxO lines showed elevated disease tolerance similar to blight‐resistant Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) controls.
Debt Intolerance: Threshold Level and Composition*
Authors: Matsuoka Hideaki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFiscal vulnerabilities depend on both the level and composition of government debt. This study examines the role of debt thresholds and debt composition in driving the nonlinear behaviour of long‐term interest rates through a novel approach, a panel smooth transition regression with a general logistic model. The main findings are threefold. First, the impact of the expected public debt level on interest rates rises exponentially when the share of foreign private holdings exceeds approximately 20% of government debt denominated in local currency. Second, if the public debt level exceeds a certain level, an increase in foreign private holding of government debt could raise interest rates, offsetting the downward pressure from higher market liquidity. Third, out‐of‐sample forecasts of this novel non‐linear model are more accurate than those of previous methods.
Prolific authorship in orthodontic scientific publishing
Authors: Wong Constance , Papageorgiou Spyridon N. , Seehra Jadbinder , Cobourne Martyn T. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo identify the 10 most numerically prolific authors publishing in the field of orthodontics for each year over the last decade (2011‐2020), describe the characteristics of these outputs and identify trends in the types of study being published.Materials and MethodsA Scopus literature search was conducted to identify the 10 most numerically prolific publishing authors in orthodontics for each year during this decade. Number and characteristics of all publications for each author were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics.ResultsForty‐nine different individual authors were identified who were collectively prolific for between 1‐8 years within the assessment decade. These authors published a total of 2025 papers, with a median annual output of 18 papers per year; however, half of these authors published between 15‐24 papers per year (range 5‐200). Amongst authors, 2 or more collaborated on only 7% of the identified papers. The median number of authors per paper was 5 (range 1‐27) with significant variation according to study design (P < .001). The majority of authors originated from Brazil (19.3%), Italy (14.1%) and India (12.7%). Most papers described non‐prospective clinical studies (38.1%), case reports or case series (11.1%) and narrative reviews (10.8%). Finally, prolific authors had a smaller annual output when publishing in orthodontic journals (P < .001) and when publishing experimental primary research (P = .04).ConclusionsA cohort of prolific authors in orthodontics between 2011‐2020 was identified. Extreme variation was found in annual output between these authors but case reports, non‐prospective clinical studies and narrative reviews predominated.
Risk factors associated with xerostomia and reduced salivary flow in hypertensive patients
Authors: Ramírez Lucía , Sánchez Isabel , Muñoz Marta , Martínez–Acitores María Luisa , Garrido Estela , Hernández Gonzalo , López‐Pintor Rosa María 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with xerostomia and hyposalivation in a group of hypertensive patients.Subjects and MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted. Hypertensive patients belonged to two healthcare centers were included. Xerostomia was assessed by asking a question and using the Xerostomia Inventory. Unstimulated salivary flow was collected. Different epidemiological variables were analyzed such as age, sex, habits, diseases, drugs, and blood pressure.Results221 individuals were included. Xerostomia was reported in 51.13% of patients. Patients with xerostomia suffered more from osteoarthritis and diaphragmatic hernia. These patients took more anticoagulants (acenocoumarol), antiarrhythmics (amiodarone), analgesics (paracetamol) and epilepsy drugs (pregabalin) and less platelet aggregation inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (losartan). Unstimulated flow was reduced in 37.56% of patients. Patients suffering hyposalivation presented more diseases such as anxiety, infectious or parasitic diseases, hepatitis C, diaphragmatic hernia, and osteoarthritis. These patients took more repaglinide, thiazides, anti‐inflammatories, anti‐rheumatics, glucosamine, diazepam, and selective beta‐2‐adrenoreceptor agonists and less combinations of candesartan and diuretics.ConclusionsXerostomia and hyposalivation are frequent in hypertensive patients. It is advisable to take into consideration the comorbidities and the drugs they receive, since they can increase the risk of these salivary disorders.