bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation of Structure of HVOF Sprayed WC-Co Coating on a Copper Substrate
Authors: Sobolev V.V. , Guilemany J.M. , Calero J.A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Mathematical modelling of the formation of the WC-Co coating structure and adhesion on copper substrate during high velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) spraying is provided. Smooth (polished) and rough (grit blasted) substrates are considered. Variations of solidification time, solidification velocity, thermal gradient, and cooling velocity in the coating and substrate interfacial region are studied. Formation of the amorphous and crystalline structures in the coating and of the crystalline structure in the substrate interfacial region is investigated. Behaviour of the crystal size and intercrystalline distance with respect to the thermal spray parameters and morphology of the substrate surface is analysed. Optimal conditions for the development of fine and dense crystalline structure are determined. Mechanical and thermal mechanisms of development of the substrate-coating adhesion are discussed. Results obtained agree well with experimental data.
The Sixty-Fifth Anniversary of the Founding of WUPJYS
Authors: Skirball Henry 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn honour of the sixty-fifth anniversary of the founding of the Youth Section of the World Union for Progressive Judaism (WUPJYS), the author reminisces about some early events he attended, discusses some of the current changes and developments in the Jewish youth scene due to the paradigm changes such as computers, mobile phones etc. as well as the modern ‘Post’ eras of individualism of the Me generation. He concludes with no specific prognostications, but feels that much can be done by dedicated, committed youth and their mentors.
Try the Samaritans
Authors: Blue Lionel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this article Lionel Blue recalls his introduction to the UK Reform Jewish movement, at the time the ‘Association of Synagogues of Great Britain’. His work with the youth groups coincided with a pioneering engagement with a post-war German generation, something considered problematical at the time, and similarly the beginning of a Jewish-Christian-Muslim dialogue. The movement at the time increased its support for Israel and joined with the American Reform Jewish movement in the World Union for Progressive Judaism both of which had their influence on its development. But missing were important spiritual questions: Did God still exist for us and how; Where did we locate Him in the horror of the Holocaust? Despite criticisms of some developments of the movement, what remains important is the friendliness, care and concern of the members, its humanity and preferring people as they are to ideological templates.
The Image of Jews as Constructed by Lexical Items
Authors: Gao Xiu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the Western world, Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice is controversial due to its stereotypical description of Jews as evil and greedy. In China, the work was not widely known until its translations came out. This article deals with two Chinese renderings of Shakespeare’s classic, by Laura White (1914–1915) and Shiqiu Liang (2001/1936) respectively, which reconstruct the image of Shylock and Jews on the basis of the translators’ perceptions of the original figure, combining their identities and social backgrounds. In imagology, based on the ideas of Pageaux (1989/1994), the image of the ‘other’ can be analysed on three levels: lexical items, larger textual units, and plot. On the face of it, the image of the ‘other’ in translation can originate in either the source or target culture. However, the present article, which focuses on the lexical level, shows that there is a third possibility – a lexicon that blends two or more cultures.
The Merchant ON Venice [Boulevard, Los Angeles], Chicago, 2007
Authors: Shapiro Michael 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Productions, adaptations and spinoffs of The Merchant of Venice since 1945 generally employ one of four strategies: continuing, historicizing, decentring and universalizing. Continuing means following nineteenth-century English productions in making Shylock a sympathetic outsider. Immigrant Shylocks still appear on English-speaking stages, but often seem sentimentalized and anachronistic. Historicizing means making the play reflect historical circumstances, such as the Holocaust, so that Shylock, however sharp-edged, automatically attracts sympathy. Decentring means making Jessica’s story at least as important as Shylock’s. Many recent productions and prose adaptations explore Jessica’s plight as immigrant’s daughter, belle juive, forlorn wife or remorseful child. Universalizing means mapping the play’s Jewish-Christian conflict onto other racial, religious or ethnic antagonisms, as in The Merchant ON Venice, about a Muslim ‘Shylock’ and his Hindu neighbours in Los Angeles.
Heritage or hate?
Authors: Lippard Cameron D. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Confederate flag has been a hotly debated symbol of heritage or hate in the United States. In 2015, 54 per cent of Americans polled saw the flag as a symbol of ‘Southern pride’ whereas 34 per cent saw it as racist. However, 27 per cent of Whites compared to 69 per cent of Blacks saw the flag as racist. In this article, I suggest how instructors can better explain this controversial topic within an America society that is ‘post-race’. First, I describe an opening activity to get students thinking about symbolism through flags. Next, I present a lecture that debunks myths about the flag’s meanings by presenting its factual history. Finally, I describe an open debate activity to complete the discussion and comprehension of the confederate flag. Student responses suggest that these lesson plans lead to a better understanding of its symbolism and its relationship to the continuing significance of racism in the U.S.
Reassessing the Relevance of the Pan-African Discourse in Contemporary International Relations
Authors: Ferim Valery B. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Spearheaded by pan-Africanists around the beginning of the twentieth century, the pan-African movement hosted a series of Pan-African congresses. Though the main objectives of the First Pan-African Congresses were to fight against the colonisation of Africa and the oppression of black people, the messages behind pan-Africanism have evolved over time. The central theme behind these Congresses, however, is to reiterate calls that African unity is the most potent force in combating the malignant forces of neocolonialism and entrenching Africa’s place in the global hierarchy. These calls have clamoured for the solidarity of Africans both on the continent and in the diaspora through associated paradigms such as ‘Afrocentrism’, ‘postcolonialism’, ‘African indigenous knowledge systems’ and ‘African solutions to African problems’. Despite this, contemporary societies are characterised by the encroachment of Westernisation, which has become synonymous to globalisation. This article reassesses the relevance of the pan-African discourse within the context of the contemporary world.
The Challenges Faced by Contemporary Pan-African Intelligentsia in the Re-building of Africa
Authors: Mkhwanazi Ezekiel S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The African intelligentsia played a pivotal role in the anti-colonial and anti-apartheid struggle in Africa. Not only did it provide intellectual resources to the political struggle leaders but also took active part in the political leadership. Since independence, this role has diminished tremendously, as some of the intelligentsia are ‘silenced’ and others become ‘captured’ by the newly independent states. As a result, a wedge is driven between the intelligentsia and the political leadership. However, given that there is a deficit in efforts to reconstruct Africa, the pan-African intelligentsia are called upon to reinvigorate and reposition themselves to assist in developing organisations and institutions to serve African people worldwide. This call challenges them to take a creative, innovative role in the reconstructive task of Africa, thereby bidding farewell to intellectual isolationism. The article draws from Kwame Nkrumah’s ideas, thereby affirming the relevance of his political ideas in contemporary Africa.
Synthesis and cytotoxicity of substituted aromatic curcuminoids against human oral epidermal carcinoma-KB cell line
Authors: Vo Nga Thi , Phan Nhan Phuoc Hoai , Pham Tuyen Nguyen Kim , Hoang Hao Minh 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The survival rate of oral cancer, like other types of cancers, has not been improved regardless of the early diagnosis and the introduction of advanced therapies. Treatment for oral cancer includes surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. However, the effectiveness has been limited due to recurrence and undesirable side effects. Metabolites from plant sources have been shown to be relatively less toxic and thus are considered as potential anti-cancer agents. Interestingly, curcumin isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma longa L. possesses broad-spectrum bioactivities. We focused on the synthesis of curcumin-based analogs bearing -OH/-OCH3/-F groups on the phenyl rings in our continuous efforts to search for curcumin-based anti-cancer agents. The synthesized compounds were subsequently evaluated for the cytotoxic activities against KB cancer cell line (an epidermal carcinoma of the mouth).
Methods: The desired curcuminoids were synthesized via aldol reactions between benzaldehyde derivatives and pentane-2,4-dione using n-butylamine as a catalyst. Structures were distinguished by NMR and MS spectra. The cytotoxic activity against KB was determined through the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50, mM).
Results: Six curcumin analogs (1-6) were successfully synthesized in a yield of 48-76%. The 3- hydroxy/fluoro curcumin analogs (3, IC50 = 15.61 0.13 mM; 6, IC50 = 22.65 1.76 mM) exhibited better anti-cancer activities when compared to curcumin (1, IC50 = 33.35 2.66 mM), whereas the para-fluoro substitution patterns displayed lower inhibitory activities (4, 5) against KB cancer cell line.
Conclusions: The synthetic yields are dependent on the position and nature of substituents in aromatic rings. The presence of electron-donating groups gives products (1-3) in lower yields when compared to those (4-6) prepared from fluorinated benzaldehydes as starting materials. The curcuminoids bearing -OH groups at para-positions in aromatic rings (1, 2) can be responsible for better inhibition of cell growth, whereas the fluoro-substituted compounds (4, 5) make a negative contribution to inhibitory activity. Furthermore, the contributions -OH/-F groups at meta-position in aromatic rings of (3, 6) on the cytotoxicity against KB are remarkable and firstly reported in our findings.
Türkiye’de Ensest Konulu Akademik Makalelerde Anneyi Suçlama
Authors: Salman-Yıkmış Meral 
Published: May 2021

Ensest, anne, baba, aile üyesi veya akraba tarafından çocuğun cinsel ya da cinselliği ima eden davranışlarla sözlü, sözsüz, görsel ya da fiziksel olarak istismar edilmesidir. Bu konuda yapılan çalışmalara göre ensestin failleri genellikle erkeklerdir, fakat ensest görülen ailelerde anneyi suçlamak yaygın bir eğilimdir. Bu eğilim akademik çalışmalarda da görülmektedir. Batı ülkelerinde ensest üzerine yapılan çalışmaların analizinde anneyi suçlamanın, annenin ensestteki rolü, annenin kişiliği, annenin rolleri ve ensest açığa çıkarken veya çıktıktan sonra annenin tepkisi konularında yoğunlaştığı belirtilmektedir. Anneyi suçlama ataerkil annelik anlayışının, kurumun ideoloji ve pratiklerinin bir parçasıdır. Bu nedenle makalede, feminist eleştirel söylem analizinin eşitsiz güç ilişkilerini ifşa etmek için araç olmasından yararlanarak, EBSCO ve Google Scholar veri tabanlarından erişilebilen, 2001 ve 2017 yılları arasında yayımlanmış ensesti konu edinen yirmi dört akademik metinde ataerkil annelik kavrayışına ve ideolojisine içkin anneyi suçlamanın yer alıp almadığı araştırılmıştır.
Türkiye’de, ensest üzerine yazılan makalelerde anneyi suçlamaya eleştirel yaklaşan iki makale dışında anne çalışma konusu edilmez. Analiz edilen makalelerin bir kısmı, anneyi suçlamayı söylemlerinde içermektedir. Anneyi suçlama söylemi genellikle metinlerarasılıkla, diğer bir deyişle anneyi suçlayan çalışmalara referans verilmesiyle bu metinlere dahil edilmiştir. Makalelerin söylemleri tıbbi, adli kurumlarla, üniversitelerle ve bu kurumlarda çalışan uzmanların pratikleri ve ideolojileri ile etkileşim içindedir. Bağlı olarak makalelerin söylemi mevcut ataerkil annelik ideoloji ve pratiklerini yeniden üretip güçlendirebilir ya da aksine anneyi suçlamaya karşı itirazı destekleyebilir.
Associations of Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity With Left Ventricular Geometry and Diastolic Function in Untreated Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Kwak Soongu , Kim Hack-Lyoung , In Minjae , Lim Woo-Hyun , Seo Jae-Bin , Kim Sang-Hyun , Zo Joo-Hee , Kim Myung-A 
Published: May 2021

Background: Although brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) is simple and convenient, its usefulness as an initial screening test for hypertensive patients is not well-known. This study aimed to investigate the association of baPWV with left ventricular (LV) geometry and diastolic function in treatment-naive hypertensive patients.Methods: A total of 202 untreated hypertensive patients (mean age, 62 years; males, 51.5%) without documented cardiovascular diseases were prospectively enrolled. Both baPWV and transthoracic echocardiography were performed on the same day before antihypertensive treatment.Results: In multiple linear regression analysis after adjustment for potential confounders, baPWV had significant correlations with structural measurements of LV including relative wall thickness (β = 0.219, P = 0.021) and LV mass index (β = 0.286, P = 0.002), and four diastolic parameters including septal e′ velocity (β = −0.199, P = 0.018), E/e′ (β = 0.373, P &lt; 0.001), left atrial volume index (β = 0.334, P &lt; 0.001), and maximal velocity of tricuspid regurgitation (β = 0.401, P &lt; 0.001). The baPWV was significantly increased in patients with LV hypertrophy, abnormal LV remodeling, or diastolic dysfunction, compared to those without (P = 0.008, P = 0.035, and P &lt; 0.001, respectively). In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the discriminant ability of baPWV in predicting LV hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction had an area under the curve of 0.646 (95% confidence interval 0.544–0.703, P = 0.004) and 0.734 (95% confidence interval 0.648–0.800, P &lt; 0.001), respectively.Conclusion: baPWV was associated with parameters of LV remodeling and diastolic function in untreated hypertensive patients. The baPWV could be a useful screening tool for the early detection of adverse cardiac features among untreated hypertensive patients.
Development and Validation of a CD8+ T Cell Infiltration-Related Signature for Melanoma Patients
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Zhu Zheng , Lan Ying , Duan Saili , Zhu Ziqing , Zhang Xi , Li Guoyin , Qu Hui , Feng Yanhui , Cai Hui , Song Zewen 
Published: May 2021

AimImmunotherapy shows efficacy in only a subset of melanoma patients. Here, we intended to construct a risk score model to predict melanoma patients’ sensitivity to immunotherapy.MethodsIntegration analyses were performed on melanoma patients from high-dimensional public datasets. The CD8+ T cell infiltration related genes (TIRGs) were selected via TIMER and CIBERSORT algorithm. LASSO Cox regression was performed to screen for the crucial TIRGs. Single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and ESTIMATE algorithm were used to evaluate the immune activity. The prognostic value of the risk score was determined by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis.Results184 candidate TIRGs were identified in melanoma patients. Based on the candidate TIRGs, melanoma patients were classified into three clusters which were characterized by different immune activity. Six signature genes were further screened out of 184 TIRGs and a representative risk score for patient survival was constructed based on these six signature genes. The risk score served as an indicator for the level of CD8+ T cell infiltration and acted as an independent prognostic factor for the survival of melanoma patients. By using the risk score, we achieved a good predicting result for the response of cancer patients to immunotherapy. Moreover, pan-cancer analysis revealed the risk score could be used in a wide range of non-hematologic tumors.ConclusionsOur results showed the potential of using signature gene-based risk score as an indicator to predict melanoma patients’ sensitivity to immunotherapy.
Potential Predictors and Survival Analysis of the Relapse of HIV-Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Li Yao , Lu Yanqiu , Nie Jingmin , Liu Min , Yuan Jing , Li Yan , Li Huan , Chen Yaokai 
Published: May 2021

Objective: We intend to investigate the relapse of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis (CM), assess potential predictors and conduct survival analysis, with a view to establishing a valid reference for the management of the relapse of CM.Method: This is a retrospective study in Chinese patients with HIV-associated CM and those who experience relapse of CM. Baseline demographic, laboratory and clinical characteristics of patients with HIV-associated CM were collected. Predictors for relapse of HIV-associated CM were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Survival probability in relapse cases was determined by Kaplan-Meier survival curves.Results: During the study period, 87 of 348 (25.0%) HIV patients experienced the relapse of CM. CD4+ T-cell counts, antiretroviral therapy (ART) status and the time from symptom onset to presentation were all statistically associated with the relapse of CM (p = 0.013, 0.018 and 0.042, respectively). The overall survival among 46 HIV CM relapse patients whose survival information were obtained, was 78.3%. The proportion of patients who died after antifungal treatment for CM was greater in those whose interval from symptom onset to presentation ≥4 weeks, compared with those &lt;4 weeks (p = 0.0331).Conclusions: In order to reduce the relapse of CM and increase the survival possibility of these patients, we can promote the importance of ART before CM occurs, emphasize timely consultation when any CM-associated clinical symptoms occurs, and individualized the timing of ART initiation according to indicators which can reflect the severity of CM.
Hepatic Metastasis in Newly Diagnosed Esophageal Cancer: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Li Huawei , Zhang Shengqiang , Guo Jida , Zhang Linyou 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThe hepatic metastasis pattern of esophageal cancer (EC) has not been fully explored. The primary objective of this study was to explore the predictors of esophageal cancer with hepatic metastasis (ECHM) at the time of diagnosis. In addition, we also analyzed the factors affecting ECHM prognosis.MethodsWe used the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Result (SEER) database to identify ECHM patients at the time of initial diagnosis. The ECHM predictors were identified using multivariate logistic regression. Multivariate Cox regression and competing survival risk analyses were performed to identify factors associated with all-cause mortality and EC-specific mortality of ECHM, respectively.ResultsA total of 10,965 eligible EC patients were identified in the SEER database between 2010 and 2016, of which 1,197 were ECHM patients, accounting for 10.9% of the entire cohort. In the whole cohort, eight ECHM predictors (age, primary site, grade, histology type, T staging, N staging, insurance status, and number of extrahepatic metastatic sites) were determined using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Multivariate Cox regression and multivariate competing survival risks models confirmed that the male sex, advanced age, squamous cancer, and multiple extrahepatic metastasis increased the risk of both all-cause and EC-specific mortality, whereas chemotherapy and chemotherapy plus radiotherapy significantly reduced the risk of both.ConclusionsThis study explored population-level predictors of hepatic metastasis at the time of EC diagnosis and analyzed the clinical characteristics affecting the prognosis in ECHM patients. These findings may provide clinicians with a reference for the screening and treatment of hepatic metastasis in EC.
Isobutyrylcarnitine as a Biomarker of OCT1 Activity and Interspecies Differences in its Membrane Transport
Authors: Jensen Ole , Matthaei Johannes , Klemp Henry G. , Meyer Marleen J. , Brockmöller Jürgen , Tzvetkov Mladen V. 
Published: May 2021

Genome-wide association studies have identified an association between isobutyrylcarnitine (IBC) and organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) genotypes. Higher IBC blood concentrations in humans with active OCT1 genotypes and experimental studies with mouse OCT1 suggested an OCT1-mediated efflux of IBC. In this study, we wanted to confirm the suggested use of IBC as an endogenous biomarker of OCT1 activity and contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms behind the association between blood concentrations of carnitine derivatives and OCT1 genotype. Blood and urine IBC concentrations were quantified in healthy volunteers regarding intra- and interindividual variation and correlation with OCT1 genotype and with pharmacokinetics of known OCT1 substrates. Furthermore, IBC formation and transport were studied in cell lines overexpressing OCT1 and its naturally occurring variants. Carriers of high-activity OCT1 genotypes had about 3-fold higher IBC blood concentrations and 2-fold higher amounts of IBC excreted in urine compared to deficient OCT1. This was likely due to OCT1 function, as indicated by the fact that IBC correlated with the pharmacokinetics of known OCT1 substrates, like fenoterol, and blood IBC concentrations declined with a 1 h time delay following peak concentrations of the OCT1 substrate sumatriptan. Thus, IBC is a suitable endogenous biomarker reflecting both, human OCT1 (hOCT1) genotype and activity. While murine OCT1 (mOCT1) was an efflux transporter of IBC, hOCT1 exhibited no IBC efflux activity. Inhibition experiments confirmed this data showing that IBC and other acylcarnitines, like butyrylcarnitine, 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine, and hexanoylcarnitine, showed reduced efflux upon inhibition of mOCT1 but not of hOCT1. IBC and other carnitine derivatives are endogenous biomarkers of hOCT1 genotype and phenotype. However, in contrast to mice, the mechanisms underlying the IBC-OCT1 correlation in humans is apparently not directly the OCT1-mediated efflux of IBC. A plausible explanation could be that hOCT1 mediates cellular concentrations of specific regulators or co-substrates in lipid and energy metabolism, which is supported by our in vitro finding that at baseline intracellular IBC concentration is about 6-fold lower alone by OCT1 overexpression.