bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health promoting and risky behaviours of nurses, taking into account “coronary prone behaviour pattern”
Authors: Gieniusz-Wojczyk L , Dabek J , Kulik H 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
“Coronary prone behaviour pattern” refers to the way of coping with environmental stressors, otherwise known as a type A behaviour pattern. Stress, unlimited working hours and the shift system are conducive to an “unhealthy life style” conducted by nurses.
The purpose of the study was to evaluate health promoting and risky behaviours of nurses, taking into account the “coronary prone behaviour pattern.”

Material and method
1080 nurses were subject to the analysis, among whom 1052 (97.4%) were women. They were from 23 to 65 years of age, with the average of 44.2 years. Most of them (n=484; 44%) had been working as nurses more than 20 years. The AUDIT-C test was used in the analysis, as well as the menu evaluation scale by Z. Bielińska, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), the Psychosocial Working Conditions Questionnaire, the COPE Inventory (an inventory developed to assess methods of coping with stress; Mini-COPE) and the A-Framingham scale by Chesney and Rosenman, in the Polish adaptation by Z. Juczyński.

Results
“Coronary prone behaviour pattern” (A Type behaviour pattern) was demonstrated by 333 (30.8%) nurses, B Type – by 272 (25.2%) nurses, while the other group demonstrated the Intermediate Type. The respondents with “coronary prone behaviour pattern” statistically significantly (p=0.003) demonstrated the risk of the problem with alcohol less often in comparison to the other respondents. Additionally, nurses featuring the above-mentioned behaviour pattern ate better (M=16.66; SD=6.66) in comparison to persons with B type behaviour patterns (M=15.49; SD=6.52). As far as the mental and physical well-being is concerned, resulting from stress perceived, persons with A type behaviour patterns had materially (p&lt;0.001) better mental and physical well-being and on average better results in the scope of coping with stress, i.e. Active Coping, Search for Support, Acceptance, Turning to Religion, and Sense of Humour in comparison to nurses demonstrating other behaviour patterns. There were no significant differences between nurses demonstrating different behaviour patterns and the existence of diseases (obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes), physical activity and smoking.

Conclusions
A significant group of nurses demonstrated the “coronary prone behaviour pattern” which is unfavourable to health and predisposes to the development of cardiovascular diseases.
The occurrence of “coronary prone behaviour pattern” was associated with health promoting behaviours of nurses being the subject of the analysis, i.e. better mental and physical well-being, better coping with stress and a lower risk of the problem with alcohol and proper nutrition.

Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
Influence of resistance exercise on cardiac remodeling and soleus muscle of infarcted rats
Authors: Souza L M , Gomes M J , Pagan L U , Rodrigues E A , Pontes T H D , Fernandes A A H , Murata G M , Zornoff L A M , Okoshi K , Okoshi M P 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Resistance exercise (RE) provides several benefits for healthy individuals. However, its effects during heart failure are unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of RE on functional capacity, cardiac remodeling, and soleus muscle molecular and biochemical features in rats with myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods
Three months after MI or simulated surgery (Sham), Wistar rats were divided into three groups: Sham (n=14), MI (n=13), and MI subjected to RE (RE-MI, n=14). Exercised rats trained 3 times a week performing four climbs with progressive loads on a ladder over 12 weeks. Functional capacity was assessed by maximum carrying capacity test in the ladder and exercise tolerance test in treadmill. Echocardiogram was performed at the end of the study. Energy metabolism and antioxidant enzyme activities were assessed by spectrophotometry in the soleus muscle. Oxidative stress markers were analyzed in soleus muscle (lipid hydroperoxide) or serum (malondialdehyde and protein carbonylation). Protein expression of insulin type-1 growth factor-like pathway, protein kinase B, and rapamycin target complex was analyzed by Western-blot. Statistical analysis: ANOVA and Bonferroni or Dunn, Student's t and Goodman tests; p&lt;0.05.

Results
Mortality was higher in MI than Sham. Infarction size did not differ between groups. Resistance exercise increased maximum load carrying capacity, without changing functional capacity or cardiac remodeling. Catalase activity was lower in MI than Sham and glutathione peroxidase activity was lower in MI than Sham and RE-MI. Protein carbonylation was higher in RE-MI than MI. Energy metabolism did not differ between groups, except for lower phosphofructokinase activity in RE-MI than MI. Expression of p70s6K, p-FoxO3a, and p-FoxO3a-to-FoxO3a ratio was lower, and p-p70s6K-to-p70s6K ratio was higher in MI than Sham.

Conclusion
The practice of resistance exercise is safe, attenuates mortality, and improves maximum load carrying capacity regardless of changes in cardiac remodeling in infarcted rats. In soleus muscle, resistance exercise preserves phosphofructokinase and antioxidant enzyme activity and expression of the proteins involved in muscle trophism.

Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): CNPq UNESP
The effects of dual task training on the neurophysiological parameters in cardiac surgery patients: a pilot study
Authors: Tarasova I , Trubnikova O , Kukhareva I , Syrova I , Sosnina A , Kupriyanova D , Nagirnyak O , Barbarash O ,   Study of the mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction in patients with cardiovascular diseases
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Preventive strategies for postoperative cognitive decline in cardiac patients are being actively developed. The dual task method has demonstrated beneficial potential for treating patients with cognitive impairment.

Purpose
To evaluate the effects of dual task training on the neurophysiological parameters in cardiac surgery patients.

Methods
47 patients who underwent elected coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or CABG combined with carotid endarterectomy (CEE) were recruited in a prospective study. Patients who did not undergo any cognitive training were assigned to Group 1 (n=21), whereas those who underwent postoperative cognitive training I (postural training and an open-type task) (n=11) and II (visual-motor response and an open-type task) (n=15) were assigned to Group 2 and Group 3, respectively. Cognitive training was carried out daily, starting from the 4th day of the postoperative period. The average number of trainings was 5 for each training group. All patients underwent extensive neuropsychological testing and electroencephalographic (EEG) studies 3–5 days before and 8–11 days after surgery.

Results
All patients demonstrated an increase of the theta1 and beta1 EEG rhythms power, an increase in theta/alpha EEG index and a decrease in theta/beta activity index in the early postoperative period of cardiac surgery. Importantly, Group 3 patients undergoing cognitive training II showed an improvement in a larger number of indicators related to executive functions and attention than Group 2 patients undergoing training I. The last reported only improved short-term memory and attention.

Conclusion
All patients had similar ischemic brain damage. Those who underwent cognitive training reported improvements in neurodynamics, attention, and memory. The results of the study indicate the need to improve further the approaches to postoperative cognitive training using dual tasks with intensification of the load and individual support for patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): The Russian Foundation for Basic Research
Does coronary calcium score add value to European SCORE in an asymptomatic population?
Authors: Temtem M , Mendonca M I , Soares C , Serrao M , Rodrigues R , Santos M , Sousa J A , Mendonca F , Sousa A C , Rodrigues M , Henriques E , Freitas S , Drumond A , Palma Dos Reis R ,   GENEMACOR study
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Despite being a controversial subject, multiple guidelines mention the use of Coronary Artery Calcification (CAC) scoring in the cardiovascular risk prediction in the asymptomatic population. Adding CAC score to European SCORE (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation) may improve the prediction of MACE (Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events), providing better cardiovascular risk stratification.

Purpose
Our study aims to evaluate the impact of CAC severity in MACE prediction compared with SCORE and estimate the additional value of CAC score in cardiovascular risk stratification in a low- risk region and asymptomatic population.

Methods and results
The study consisted of a prospective registry of 1110 asymptomatic individuals free of known coronary heart disease, enrolled from the GENEMACOR study and referred for computed tomography for the CAC scoring assessment. The mean age was 51.6±8.2 years, and 74.1% were male. This population was followed for a mean of 5.2±3.3 years for the primary endpoint of all-cause of cardiovascular events. The extent of CAC differs significantly between men and women in the same age group. Therefore, the distribution of CAC score by age and gender was done using Hoff's nomogram (a). According to this nomogram, 3 categories were created: low CAC (0≤CAC&lt;100 and P&lt;50); moderate CAC (100≤CAC&lt;400 or P50–75) and high CAC (CAC≥400 or P&gt;75). Through a Cox regression for MACE occurrence, SCORE does not remain in the equation, and the higher severity level of CAC presented a significant risk of MACE occurrence with an HR of 7.943 (95% CI 2.948 – 21.401; p&lt;0.0001). Using the C-index, CAC was superior to SCORE (0.729 vs 0.615; p&lt;0.0001). Adding CAC score to SCORE increased MACE prediction compared to SCORE alone (AUC 0.77 vs 0.615; p=0.003).

Conclusion
Our results point to the importance of the CAC score inclusion in primary prevention to improve cardiovascular risk stratification. CAC score in clinical practice could have a prognostic impact on MACE prediction. Larger prospective multicenter cohorts with longer follow-up should reproduce and validate these findings.

Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None. Table 1
The impact of chronic alcohol overuse on right ventricular myocardial strain
Authors: Hamala P , Kasprzak J D K , Wierzbowska-Drabik K W D 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
The mechanisms and detail effects of alcohol cardiac toxicity are not clear.

Purpose
We aimed, to evaluate the relationship between the consumed alcohol dose and severity of right ventricle (RV) myocardial injury in patients overusing alcohol.

Methods
We collected a group of patients chronically overusing alcohol (ALC- alcohol overusers) and matched to them control group of abstainers (CG-control group). Clinical and echocardiography data have been obtained and statistical analysis performed. RV strain data were obtained from free wall (RVGS). Strain data were presented as absolute values.

Results
Group with available and feasible data of RV function consisted of 53 ALC patients, 75% men, 50±12 years old, and 33 controls CG, 69% men. Alcohol unit (AU – 10 gram of pure ethanol) consumed per week (AUW) was 21 (12–44) in ALC and 0 (0–0) in CG, P&lt;0.001. The mean time of alcoholism amounted 20 (10–26) years. RVGS was: 20±7% in ALC vs. 24±3% in CG, P=0.001. In ALC, RV middle segment strain (RVmid) was 22±8% vs. 24±3%, P=0.01 and RV apical segment strain (RVapx) was 17±7 vs. 22±3, P=0.0002, see Table. No significant differences were detected for RV diameter, TAPSE and RVS', see Table. Moreover, univariate analysis showed significant positive correlation between free time (FT- time between last alcohol ingestion and echocardiography examination) and RVGS (rho = 0.36, P=0.01) as well as between FT and global longitudinal left ventricle strain (LVGS) (rho = 0.33, P=0.01), whereas TAPSE and RVS' did not show this relationship (rho = 0.30, P=0.41 and rho = 0.21, P=0.14, respectively). See Figure for RVGS.

Conclusions
Chronic alcohol overuse was associated with significant worsening of RV function expressed by absolute values of RVGS and RV middle and apical segment strains, offering novel quantitative parameter for reflecting early, often subclinical, impairment of RV function. RVGS and LVGS (contrary to TAPSE and RVS') reflected also myocardial function recovery after alcohol intake cessation proportionally to the elapsed abstinence time.

Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None. Table 1Figure 1
Sex-based differences in clinical outcomes and resource utilization of type 2 myocardial infarction
Authors: Ariss R W , Elzanaty A M , Minhas A M K , Nazir S , Gul S , Patel N , Ahuja K R , Mochon A , Eltahawy E A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Sex-based differences in clinical outcomes have been previously well described in type 1 myocardial infarction (MI). However, type 2 MI is common in contemporary practice with scarce data regarding sex-based differences of clinical outcomes and resource utilization.

Purpose
To examine the association of sex category with clinical outcomes and resource utilization in hospitalizations with type 2 MI.

Methods
The Nationwide Readmission Database 2018 was queried for hospitalizations within the United States with type 2 MI using The International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) diagnosis code I21.A1. Comorbidities and outcomes were identified using the corresponding ICD-10 codes. Complex samples multivariable logistic and linear regression models were used to determine the association between type 2 MI and outcomes (in-hospital mortality, index length of stay [LOS], hospital costs, discharge to nursing facility, and 30-day all-cause readmissions) in females compared to males with type 2 MI.

Results
A total of 252,641 hospitalizations [119,783 (47.4%) females and 132,858 (52.6%) males] were included in this analysis. Females with type 2 MI were more likely to be older (72.8 years vs. 69.7 years; P&lt;0.001), admitted on the weekend (26.5% vs. 25.9%; P=0.02), and have a higher prevalence of chronic pulmonary disease (35.6% vs. 32.0%; P&lt;0.001), obesity (17.9% vs. 15.7%; P&lt;0.001), neurological disorders (22.9% vs. 22.3%; P=0.02), deficiency anemias (7.5% vs. 6.6%; P&lt;0.001), and hypothyroidism (22.1% vs. 10.1%; P&lt;0.001) compared to males with type 2 MI. Female with type 2 MI was associated with lower in-hospital mortality, shorter LOS, less hospital costs, and increased nursing home discharge compared to males with type 2 MI. Females and males with type 2 MI had similar rates of 30-day all-cause readmission [Table 1].

Conclusion
Among type 2 MI hospitalizations, females have lower in-hospital mortality, less hospitalization cost, shorter LOS, but increased rates of nursing home discharge compared to males. Thirty-day all-cause readmission was similar between males and females with type 2 MI.

Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
Biochemical and cardiovascular predictors of PIMS risk in children after COVID-19 recovery =- the results of the LATE COVID Kids study
Authors: Jatczak-Pawlik I , Lewek J , Czkwianianc E , Zeman K , Jankowski P , Banach M ,   the LATE-COVID-Kids study.
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Unfortunately, the number of children with the pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS) associated with previous coronavirus disease has been increasing significantly.

Purpose
The aim of the present study was to characterize biochemical and cardiovascular predictors of PIMS risk in children recovered from COVID-19 based on the data from the LATE-COVID-Kids study (NCT04799444).

Methods
131 consecutive COVID-19 convalescents (mean age: 8.89±4.91; 67 boys and 64 girls) hospitalized for the clinical evaluation after the acute phase of the COVID-19 were classified into two groups related to symptoms: 29 children finally diagnosed with PIMS and 102 children with no-PIMS. All patients had confirmed coronavirus infection based on the positive results of nucleic acid test (RT-PCR - reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain), and they were serologically tested for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. They had detailed laboratory testing, electrocardiography, and echocardiography.

Results
The time from COVID-19 recovery was from 1 to 10 months (median 4.0 [3.00–5.00] months). Children with PIMS were significantly younger in comparison to those without (6.60±4.50 vs 9.50±4.80 years, respectively; p=0,005). In comparison to non-PIMS group, children with PIMS had higher level of antithrombin III (111±7.23 vs. 104±10.9; p=0.0015), CK-MB (29.0 [18.5–36.0] vs. 21.0 [15.0–30.7]; p=0.03) and heart rate [HR]/min (100 [89.0–112] vs. 90.0 [79.0–100]; p=0.006) but lower PQ interval (120 [110–120] vs. 130 [120–140]; p=0.023) on admission to hospital. Moreover, the immunological parameters: IgA and neutrophils were lower in children with PIMS vs. no-PIMS (0.69 [0.47–0.85] vs. 1.19 [0.71–1.50]; p=0.0001 and 37.4%±13.3 vs. 43.0±11.6; p=0.0045, respectively), but lymphocytes were significantly higher (50.6±13.6 vs. 43.7±10.9; p=0.002). Some acid-base balance parameters were higher in children following PIMS vs. no-PIMS children group: pCO2 (41.30±5.70 vs. 45.0±7.00; p=0.019), pO2 (50.1 [38.4–59.7] vs. 37.8 [27.9–49.9]; p=0.007), and O2Sat (84.2 [69.3–90.6] vs. 64.2 [44.3–82.6]; p=0.004); however, concentration of HCO3- (23.6 [22.2–24.4] vs. 24.3 [22.8–26.2]; p=0.023) was lower in group of PIMS children.

Conclusions
Based on our best knowledge, it is the first data on the possible predictors of PIMS risk in children recovered from COVID-19. We showed that children with PIMS have significantly higher levels of antithrombin III, CK-MB, HR, as well as lymphocytes, pCO2, pO2 and O2Sat on admission to hospital and lower levels of PQ interval, IgA, neutrophils and concentration of HCO3. We continue our research to confirm these results and to create the PIMS SCORE algorithm to allow prediction of children with the risk of PIMS occurrence after COVID-19 recovery.

Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
Preoperative evaluation of pulmonary hypertension in lung transplant candidates: echocardiography versus right heart catheterization
Authors: Skalsky K , Abu T , Levi A , Bental T , Hirsh R , Samara A , Vaknin-Assa H , Perl L , Codner P , Rosengarten D , Kramer M R , Kornowski R , Hadsai D 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Right heart catheterization (RHC) and echocardiography are both routinely used for pulmonary hypertension (PH) assessment in LT candidates, although this is not mandatory according to guidelines. We aim to describe the correlation between the pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) measured by echocardiography to that measured by RHC in this population.

Methods
From a retrospective registry of 461 LT candidates, undergoing RHC between 2015–2019, 393 consecutive patients were assessed for the presence of pulmonary hypertension according to two methods – echocardiography and RHC. The primary outcome was the correlation between the estimated PASP measured by echocardiography to that measured by RHC. Secondary outcome was the accuracy of the echocardiographic assessment of PH.

Results
Patients were predominantly males (63.6%) with a mean age of 61.46±8.33y. The two most common etiologies for lung failure were interstitial lung disease or pulmonary fibrosis (52.2%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (30.5%). Estimated PASP as measured by echocardiography was available in 89.31% of the patients, with a mean value of 49.5±20.02 mmHg. Mean PASP measured by RHC was 42.47±17.96 mmHg. The correlation between the two measurements was moderate (Pearson's correlation: r=0.609, p&lt;0.01). The accuracy of the echocardiographic estimation of PASP was poor with &gt;10 mmHg differences between the two values in 79.9% of the patients.

Conclusions
In the pre-surgical evaluation of LT candidates, echocardiographic estimation of PASP has moderate correlation with the PASP measured by RHC and relatively poor accuracy.

Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
Frailty is associated with impaired cerebral oxygenation recovery during
Authors: Perez-Denia L , Claffey P , Delgado-Ortet M , Byrne L , Kenny R A , Finucane C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Frailty is associated with impaired peripheral circulatory responses to standing in older adults. However, little is known about how frailty affects cerebrovascular function during such activities of daily living. Here we investigate the association between frailty and cerebral oxygenation during standing in a large clinical cohort of fallers and fainters.
Participants were recruited from a national Falls and Syncope unit and underwent an active stand test (5–10 minutes lying supine, 3 minutes standing) with concurrent monitoring of continuous blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) and tissue saturation index (TSI) using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Frailty was measured using a count of deficits (27 morbidities). Robust linear regression was applied to study the association between features of dynamic cerebral oxygenation (changes from baseline at nadir, overshoot, 30s and steady state; and recovery rate) and frailty while correcting for covariates. A p-value &lt;0.05 was considered significant.
Frailty was associated with deficits in TSI at 30s after standing (β: −0.165, CI: (−0.261, −0.069), p=0.005), as well as a lower diastolic BP at 30s (β: −1.346, CI: (−2.287, −0.405), p=0.032) and standing steady-state (β: −1.182, CI: (−2.038, −0.325), p=0.032). When stratified by gender, frailty was associated in women with a lower TSI at overshoot (β: −0.174, CI: (−0.312, −0.037), p=0.043) and 30s (β: −0.216 (−0.344, −0.089), p=0.010), and impaired DBP recovery at overshoot (β: −1.623, CI: (−2.865, −0.391), p=0.045) and attenuated HR response at 30s (β: −0.701, CI: (−1.246, −0.155), p=0.036). No associations were found in men.
Impaired cerebral oxygenation and BP responses to standing are associated with frailty in patients with falls and syncope, with stronger effects in women, suggesting that frailty may increase risk of hypoperfusion and consequent syncope, falls, and brain ageing. Our results demonstrate the clinical utility and feasibility of using NIRS in this context which can be used to further personalise patient management.

Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Irish Research Council Cerebral oxygenation and frailty