bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep Eutectic Solvents for Boosting Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion: A Review and Perspective
Authors: Wu Junxiong , Liang Qinghua , Yu Xiaoliang , Lü Qiu‐Feng , Ma Lianbo , Qin Xianying , Chen Guohua , Li Baohua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe pursuit of sustainable energy utilization arouses increasing interest in efficiently producing durable battery materials and catalysts with minimum environmental impact. As green, safe, and cheap eutectic mixtures, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) provide tremendous opportunities and open up attractive perspectives as charge transfer and reaction media for electrochemical energy storage and conversion (EESC). In this review, the fundamental properties of DESs are first summarized. Then, the important roles that DESs play in various EESC technologies including advanced electrolytes for batteries/supercapacitors, media for the preparation of electrode materials and catalysts, and extracting agents for battery recycling are systematically reviewed. A particular focus is placed on the fundamental understanding of structure–composition–property–performance relationships. Finally, the challenges for the controllable design of DESs for EESC applications and future developments are presented. This review is expected to shed light on developing advanced DESs for next‐generation EESC systems.
One‐Step Formation of Protein‐Based Tubular Structures for Functional Devices and Tissues
Authors: Gao Wuyang , Vaezzadeh Nima , Chow Kelvin , Chen Haotian , Lavender Patricia , Jeronimo Mark D. , McAllister Arianna , Laselva Onofrio , Jiang Jia‐Xin , Gage Blair K. , Ogawa Shinichiro , Ramchandran Arun , Bear Christine E. , Keller Gordon M. , Günther Axel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTubular biological structures consisting of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and cells are basic functional units of all organs in animals and humans. ECM protein solutions at low concentrations (5–10 milligrams per milliliter) are abundantly used in 3D cell culture. However, their poor “printability” and minute‐long gelation time have made the direct extrusion of tubular structures in bioprinting applications challenging. Here, this limitation is overcome and the continuous, template‐free conversion of low‐concentration collagen, elastin, and fibrinogen solutions into tubular structures of tailored size and radial, circumferential and axial organization is demonstrated. The approach is enabled by a microfabricated printhead for the consistent circumferential distribution of ECM protein solutions and lends itself to scalable manufacture. The attached confinement accommodates minute‐long residence times for pH, temperature, light, ionic and enzymatic gelation. Chip hosted ECM tubular structures are amenable to perfusion with aqueous solutions and air, and cyclic stretching. Predictive collapse and reopening in a crossed‐tube configuration promote all‐ECM valves and pumps. Tissue level function is demonstrated by factors secreted from cells embedded within the tube wall, as well as endothelial or epithelial barriers lining the lumen. The described approaches are anticipated to find applications in ECM‐based organ‐on‐chip and biohybrid structures, hydraulic actuators, and soft machines.
Augmenting Tendon‐to‐Bone Repair with Functionally Graded Scaffolds
Authors: Zhu Chunlei , Qiu Jichuan , Thomopoulos Stavros , Xia Younan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTendon‐to‐bone repair often fails because the functionally graded attachment is not regenerated during the healing process. Biomimetic scaffolds that recapitulate the unique features of the native tendon‐to‐bone attachment hold great promise for enhancing the healing process. Among various types of scaffolds that are developed and evaluated for tendon‐to‐bone repair, those with gradations (in either a stratified or a continuous fashion) in composition, structure, mechanical properties, and cell phenotype have gained the most attention. In this progress report, the recent efforts in the rational design and fabrication of functionally graded scaffolds based upon electrospun nanofiber mats and inverse opal structures, as well as the evaluation of their applications in augmenting tendon‐to‐bone repair, are reviewed. This report concludes with perspectives on the necessary future steps for clinical translation of the scaffolds.
Epitaxial Single‐Crystal Growth of Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayers via the Atomic Sawtooth Au Surface
Authors: Choi Soo Ho , Kim Hyung‐Jin , Song Bumsub , Kim Yong In , Han Gyeongtak , Nguyen Huong Thi Thanh , Ko Hayoung , Boandoh Stephen , Choi Ji Hoon , Oh Chang Seok , Cho Hyun Je , Jin Jeong Won , Won Yo Seob , Lee Byung Hoon , Yun Seok Joon , Shin Bong Gyu , Jeong Hu Young , Kim Young‐Min , Han Young‐Kyu , Lee Young Hee , Kim Soo Min , Kim Ki Kang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGrowth of 2D van der Waals layered single‐crystal (SC) films is highly desired not only to manifest the intrinsic physical and chemical properties of materials, but also to enable the development of unprecedented devices for industrial applications. While wafer‐scale SC hexagonal boron nitride film has been successfully grown, an ideal growth platform for diatomic transition metal dichalcogenide (TMdC) films has not been established to date. Here, the SC growth of TMdC monolayers on a centimeter scale via the atomic sawtooth gold surface as a universal growth template is reported. The atomic tooth‐gullet surface is constructed by the one‐step solidification of liquid gold, evidenced by transmission electron microscopy. The anisotropic adsorption energy of the TMdC cluster, confirmed by density‐functional calculations, prevails at the periodic atomic‐step edge to yield unidirectional epitaxial growth of triangular TMdC grains, eventually forming the SC film, regardless of the Miller indices. Growth using the atomic sawtooth gold surface as a universal growth template is demonstrated for several TMdC monolayer films, including WS2, WSe2, MoS2, the MoSe2/WSe2 heterostructure, and W1−xMoxS2 alloys. This strategy provides a general avenue for the SC growth of diatomic van der Waals heterostructures on a wafer scale, to further facilitate the applications of TMdCs in post‐silicon technology.
3D Tissue and Organ Printing—Hope and Reality
Authors: Shapira Assaf , Dvir Tal 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) bioprinting is an emerging, groundbreaking strategy in tissue engineering, allowing the fabrication of living constructs with an unprecedented degree of complexity and accuracy. While this technique greatly facilitates the structuring of native tissue‐like architectures, many challenges still remain to be faced. In this review, the fruits of recent research that demonstrate how advanced bioprinting technologies, together with inspiring creativity, can be used to address these challenges are presented and discussed. Next, the future of the field is discussed, in terms of expected developments, as well as possible directions toward the realization of the vision of fully functional, engineered tissues, and organs. Last, a few hypothetical scenarios for the role 3D bioprinting may play in future tissue engineering are depicted, with an emphasis on its impact on tomorrow's regenerative medicine.
Screening Nanographene‐Mediated Inter(Porphyrin) Communication to Optimize Inter(Porphyrin–Fullerene) Forces
Authors: Haines Philipp , Kaur Ramandeep , Martin Max M. , Minameyer Martin B. , Frühwald Stefan , Bönisch Simon , Lungerich Dominik , Hampel Frank , Görling Andreas , Drewello Thomas , Jux Norbert , Guldi Dirk M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMultifunctional molecular materials comprising porphyrins and fullerenes have served as perfect prototypes to study key aspects of natural photosynthesis starting at light harvesting and energy transfer processes all the way to charge separation, charge shift, and charge recombination. Herein, hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronenes (HBCs) are explored, decorated with one, two, and six porphyrins at their peripheral positions, within the context of replicating key steps of photosynthesis. The major focus of the investigations is to screen inter(porphyrin) communications across the HBC platform as a function of the substitution pattern and to optimize the intermolecular forces with fullerenes. To this end, the ground‐ and excited‐state features are investigated in the absence of C60 and C70 by employing an arsenal of spectroscopic methods. Further insights into inter(porphyrin) communications come from time‐dependent density‐functional theory (TDDFT) calculations. In the presence of C60 and C70, X‐ray crystallography, steady‐state and time‐resolved spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry corroborate exceptionally strong inter(porphyrin–fullerene) interactions in the solid, liquid, and gas phases. The experiments are backed‐up with DFT calculations of the geometrically optimized and energetically stable complex configuration.
Solvent‐Actuated Self‐Assembly of Amphiphilic Hole‐Transporting Polymer Enables Bottom‐Surface Passivation of Perovskite Film for Efficient Photovoltaics
Authors: Yang Qing , Wang Xuchao , Yu Shuwen , Liu Xuan , Gao Pan , Hu Xiaobo , Hou Guangjin , Chen Shaoqiang , Guo Xin , Li Can 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBottom‐surface defect passivation of perovskite film, lagging far behind easily conducted bulk and top‐surface passivations in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), remains rather challenging because most passivation molecules/groups can be eroded by polar solvents used for the subsequent perovskite deposition. In this work, an effective bottom‐surface passivation is enabled for enhanced performance of inverted PSCs by covalently attaching a passivation group (hydroxyl) to a hole transporting polymer. A short linker (methylene) between the hydroxyl and the conjugated backbone bearing hydrophobic long alkyl chains is adopted to improve the resistance of the resultant amphiphilic polymer to polar solvents. A solvent evaporation‐induced self‐assembly of the amphiphilic hole transporting polymer is developed to enrich hydroxyl groups on the film surface, passivating defects of the upper perovskite layer via interactions with undercoordinated Pb2+ and I– sites. Inverted PSCs based on this hole transporting film are superior in efficiency (20.12%), reproducibility, large‐area fabrication, and stability to its classical poly(bis(4‐phenyl)(2,5,6‐trimethylphenyl)amine) counterpart. This work demonstrates that rational introduction of passivation groups into the hole transporting layer combined with self‐assembly‐modulated component distributions is useful to realize bottom‐surface passivation of the perovskite layer for improved photovoltaic performance.
Moran eigenvector filtering of multi‐year yield data with application to zone development
Authors: Long Dan S. , Griffith Daniel A. , Kvien Craig K. , Clay David E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA time‐series of yield monitor data may be used to identify field areas of consistently low or high yield to serve as productivity zones for site‐specific crop management. However, transient factors that affect yield in 1 yr, but not every year, detract from this approach. The objective of this study was to illustrate Moran eigenvector spatial filtering (MESF) with results from analysis of multi‐year crop yield data from two farm fields in the United States. The MESF method accounts for temporal autocorrelation within a common factor map representing the correlation across years and partitions stochastic geographic variation into spatially structured and unstructured components. Crop rotation data were utilized from a dryland field in east‐central South Dakota and an irrigated field in southwestern Georgia. A random effects (RE) model was estimated that utilized eigenfunctions of a geographic connectivity matrix to account for spatially structured random effects (SSRE) and unstructured random effects (SURE) in standardized z scores of multi‐year crop yield. The MESF method was evaluated with conventional averaging of unfiltered yield data as a reference for comparison. In South Dakota, the SSRE accounted for 26% of the yield variance shared across years. Distinct patterns appeared to be related to changes in soil type and landscape position. The Georgia field yielded similar results. The MESF is effective for revealing structured variation in a time series of yield monitor data and may be useful for defining productivity zones within fields.
Syncope and undifferentiated shock
Authors: Trotzky Daniel , Amer Ali , Fraij Salha , Fordham Daniel E. , Granovsky Gregory , Aizik Uri , Carady Natali , Cohen Aya , Fuchs Shmuel , Mengesha Bethlehem , Burgsdorf Oleg , Yofik Inna , Naimark Ari , Baruch Inbal , Barac Yaron D. , Pachys Gal 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVentricular free wall rupture is a rare post myocardial complication with a high associated mortality. In this article we discuss the case of an elderly patient who presented to our emergency department in shock after an episode of syncope. Using Point Of Care Ultrasound (POCUS), identification of cardiac tamponade and pericardial thrombus was possible, signs indicating a diagnosis of free wall rupture. Early initiation of transfer proceedings to a tertiary cardio‐thoracic unit was therefore possible, resulting in a positive patient outcome.
Nono‐titanium dioxide exposure during the adolescent period induces neurotoxicities in rats: Ameliorative potential of bergamot essential oil
Authors: Cui Yonghua , Che Yi , Wang Hongxin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionIn adolescence, the brain is still maturing, and disorders in maturation may affect the normal development of the brain. Exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) has various potential negative effects on the central nervous system. Bergamot essential oil (BEO) has been found to be effective for neuroprotection.MethodsThe rats were injected intraperitoneally with TiO2 NPs (20 mg/kg) and/or BEO (200 mg/kg). The endogenous antioxidant state and inflammatory parameters were estimated using ELISA kits, and then the memory ability and anxiety‐like behavior in rats were assessed.ResultsTiO2 NPs exposure during the adolescent period induced anxiety‐like behavior, cognitive impairment, neuroinflammation and oxidative damage in hippocampus, and BEO treatment could significantly ameliorate the neurotoxicities induced by TiO2 NPs exposure.ConclusionOur results suggest that the negative effects of TiO2 NPs exposure during the adolescent period on anxiety‐like behavior and cognitive function may be related to oxidative stress and neuroinflammation induced by TiO2 NPs exposure. In addition, BEO may ameliorate the neurotoxicities induced by TiO2 NPs exposure in adolescent rats through the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activity of BEO.
The immune landscape during the tumorigenesis of cervical cancer
Authors: Wang Yiying , He Mengdi , Zhang Guodong , Cao Kankan , Yang Moran , Zhang Hongwei , Liu Haiou 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveDeciphering the determinants of the intralesional immune reaction in cervical carcinogenesis may be conducive to improving the understanding of the disease and then improve outcomes.MethodsPublic gene‐expression data and full clinical annotation were searched in Gene Expression Omnibus in the joint analysis of the array‐based four eligible cohorts. The infiltrating estimation was quantified using microenvironment cell populations‐counter algorithm and absolute‐mode CIBERSORT and verified by flow cytometry analysis. An unsupervised classification on immune genes strongly associated with progression, designated by linear mixed‐effects regression. We determined immune response and signaling features of the different developmental stages and immune phenotypes by functional annotation and systematically correlated the expression of immune checkpoints with cell‐infiltrating characteristics.ResultsWe identified the lesion‐intrinsic immunosuppression mechanism was triggered at precancerous stages, such as genome instability and mutation, aerobic glycolysis, activation of proto‐oncogene pathways and so forth. Predominant innate and adoptive cells were increasing from normalcy to cancer (B cell, total T cell, regulatory T cells [Tregs], monocytes, neutrophils, and M2‐like macrophages) together with the decrease of CD4+ T cell and CD8+ T cell through the development of cervical cancer. Immune escape initiated on the expression of immunosuppressive molecules from high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and culminated in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Of note, the expression of immune checkpoints was escalated in the immune‐hot and immune‐warm phenotype largely encompassed by HSIL and SCC under the stress of both activated and suppressive immune responses.ConclusionsImmune surveillance is unleashing from low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions onwards and immune‐suppression mechanisms are triggered in HSIL. Thorough knowledge of the immune changing pattern during cervical tumorigenesis contributes to finding the potential therapeutic targets to susceptive patients towards immune checkpoints inhibitors.
Effect of Cu Dopant on ZnO Photocatalyst in the Degradation of Navy Blue Textile Dye from Synthetic Wastewater
Authors: Kumaran Vetriselvan , Reshmawhahini V. R. , Gomathipriya P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe effect of synthesized zinc oxide and copper‐doped zinc oxide in the removal of reactive navy blue dye by photocatalytic action is discussed. ZnO and Cu@ZnO were synthesized in nanoscale by chemical methods and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. The decrease in the optical band gap of zinc oxide as a result of copper doping was studied by UV‐vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The prepared compounds were applied for the degradation of reactive navy blue dye in wastewater and the optimum process parameters were obtained. A considerable removal of navy blue dye was achieved by both ZnO and Cu@ZnO with higher removal efficiency by Cu@ZnO. The degradation percentage of dye was further increased by modifying the photoreactor for producing a shorter focal length of light.
Connection of Hydrodynamics and Nucleation Kinetics in Dual‐Impeller Crystallizers
Authors: Čelan Antonija , Ćosić Marija , Penga Željko , Kuzmanić Nenad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe influence of hydrodynamic conditions in dual‐impeller crystallizers at different impeller spacings on nucleation kinetics was investigated. Dual‐pitched‐blade turbine (2 PBT) and dual‐straight‐blade turbine (2 SBT) impeller configurations were used. To analyze hydrodynamic conditions at different impeller spacings, a computational fluid dynamics model was developed and validated by experimentally determining mixing time and power input. Results show that nucleation kinetics in the 2 SBT impeller system is affected by the characteristic microscale parameters. The same was not observed in the 2 PBT impeller system. Also, as a consequence of higher shear stress values, smaller but less agglomerated crystals were obtained in 2 SBT impeller systems.
CoP Nanoparticles Intertwined with Graphene Nanosheets as a Superior Anode for Half/Full Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Guo Qiandai , Shao Hengjia , Zhang Kefeng , Chen Guangtao , Kong Weijie , Feng Xiangmin , Gao Yang , Liu Yipeng , Wang Na , Dong Caifu , Jiang Fuyi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractConversion‐type CoP is a promising anode candidate for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) thanks to their abundant resources and high theoretical capacity. However, the low reversible capacity and inferior cycle life are two major obstacles that limit its practical application in SIBs. Herein, cobalt‐based metal‐organic framework derived CoP nanoparticles coupled with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composite (CoP/RGO) has been successfully prepared. The optimized CoP/RGO presents a high reversible capacity (258.6 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), superior rate capability (173 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1) and extraordinary durability (155 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 after 500 cycles with the per cycle capacity decay rate of only 0.065 %). In addition, electrochemical analyses reveal fast reaction kinetics and high surface capacitive contribution in CoP/RGO composite, which can be responsible for the excellent performance. Furthermore, the CoP/RGO//Na3V2(PO4)3 sodium‐ion full cells are assembled successfully and display an initial charge capacity of 231.1 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1. Considering the low cost and great electrochemical performances, this work may provide some new opportunities for the synthesis of activity anode materials for SIBs.
Recent Trends in Bimetallic Oxides and Their Composites as Electrode Materials for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Balaji T. Elango , Tanaya Das Himadri , Maiyalagan T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere is a growing interest in supercapacitors as energy storage systems due to their high specific power, fast charge/discharge rates, and long cycling stability. Researchers have focused recently on developing nanomaterials to enhance the capacitive performance of supercapacitors. The inclusion of electroactive components, such as transition metal oxides (TMOs), carbon‐based materials, and conducting polymers (CPs), is believed to play an important role in improving the electrochemical behavior of the electrode materials. Nevertheless, supercapacitors containing TMOs, carbon‐based materials, and CPs commonly suffer from inferior ion‐transport kinetics and poor electronic conductivity, which can affect the rate capability and cycling stability of the electrodes. Therefore, the development of TMO/CP and TMO/carbon‐based electrode materials has gained widespread attention because they synergistically combine the advantages of both materials, enabling revolutionary applications in the electrochemical field. In general, TMOs have given good performance as electrodes for supercapacitors by further increasing the performance of the electrode when two metal cations are introduced into a single crystal structure. This Review describes and highlights recent progress in the development of bimetallic oxides regarding their design approach, configurations, and electrochemical properties for supercapacitor applications, at the same time providing new opportunities for future energy storage technologies.
Optimal subsampling for linear quantile regression models
Authors: Fan Yan , Liu Yukun , Zhu Lixing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSubsampling techniques are efficient methods for handling big data. Quite a few optimal sampling methods have been developed for parametric models in which the loss functions are differentiable with respect to parameters. However, they do not apply to quantile regression (QR) models as the involved check function is not differentiable. To circumvent the non‐differentiability problem, we consider directly estimating the linear QR coefficient by minimizing the Hansen–Hurwitz estimator of the usual loss function for QR. We establish the asymptotic normality of the resulting estimator under a generic sampling method, and then develop optimal subsampling methods for linear QR. In particular, we propose a one‐stage subsampling method, which depends only on the lengths of covariates, and a two‐stage subsampling method, which is a combination of the one‐stage sampling and the ideal optimal subsampling methods. Our simulation and real data based simulation studies show that the two recommended sampling methods always outperform simple random sampling in terms of mean square error, whether the linear QR model is valid or not.