bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature‐Dependent Diels‐Alder Cycloaddition on Polyoxometalate‐Supported Single‐Atom Catalysts M1/PTA (M=Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir and Pt; PTA=[PW1240]3−)
Authors: Chen Dandan , Cao Yingying , Zhang Li‐Long , Li Hu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDiels‐Alder (D−A) reaction shaped both the art and science of total synthesis to some degree, while the effect of temperature on D−A activity over polyoxometalates supported single‐atom catalysts (SACs) has been infrequently studied and simulated using theoretical calculations. Herein, cycloaddition of 1,3‐butadiene (C4H6) and ethylene (C2H4) was employed as a model D−A reaction. The multitudes of SACs M1/PTA (M=Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir and Pt; PTA=[PW12O40]3−) were examined by DFT‐M06l computations to understand the reaction mechanism on a molecular level. The adsorption energies of reactant and product, and activation energy barriers for all the studied SAC systems have the same variation trends with the temperature variations. Considering that the adsorption for C4H6 is always stronger than that of C2H4 in all the studied systems, the initial adsorption configurations is the M1/PTA SACs adsorbed one C4H6 molecule. Three SACs, namely the Co1/PTA and Rh1/PTA at 100 K, Rh1/PTA at 300 K were identified, which show predominant catalytic activity and the corresponding activation energy barriers are 4.21, 8.51 and 5.11 kcal mol−1, respectively. The bonding interaction between adsorbate C4H6 and SACs arises from the occupied molecular orbitals (MOs) with a mixture of π orbitals of C4H6 and d atomic orbitals of the metal single atom. These theoretical calculations give new guidelines to develop high catalytic activity and cost‐effective SACs towards the D−A reaction.
Recent Progress in Quantum Dots Modified g‐C3N4‐based Composite Photocatalysts
Authors: Hu Xing , Guo Rui‐tang , Hong Long‐fei , Ji Xiang‐yin , Pan Wei‐guo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGraphite carbon nitride (g‐C3N4), as a non‐metallic photocatalyst, possesses special band structure, excellent stability and unique surface properties, which has become a focus of attention for photocatalytic application. However, pure g‐C3N4 is subject to the limit of visible light response, small specific surface area and rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers, which leads to its low photocatalytic efficiency. Due to the unique electronic structure, various quantum dots (QDs) can be applied to modify g‐C3N4 to improve the photocatalytic activity. Thus, we highlight these QDs modified g‐C3N4‐based composites by emphasizing their synthesis, their physicochemical properties as well as their photocatalytic applications in CO2 reduction, hydrogen production and pollutants degradation in this review. At last, critical summaries and some perspectives on the challenges and directions in this research field are also presented.
Investigating the Role of Natural Deep Eutectic Low Melting Mixtures for the Synthesis of Symmetrical Bisamides
Authors: Rather Ishfaq Ahmad , Ali Rashid 
Published: October 2021

AbstractKeeping in view the fundamental significance of bisamides in nature, medicine, and biological systems in addition to their utility in chemistry of synthons, there is a tremendous need to develop environmentally benign synthetic methodologies for the construction of bisamides and their congeners. Herein, for the first time, we report a green and highly efficient method for the synthesis of diverse symmetrical bisamides in good to excellent yields through the condensation of diverse aromatic aldehydes with amides under operationally simple reaction conditions. The present strategy involves a renewable, biodegradable, and reusable, natural deep eutectic mixture of choline chloride and L‐(+)‐tartaric acid in the ratio of 2 : 1 at 100 °C for the generation of a range of bisamides. Moreover, we have fruitfully assembled diverse urea‐based symmetrical bisamides with the usage of a low melting mixture of L‐(+)‐tartaric and urea (1 : 4) in decent yields. On large scale synthesis, both the methods were also found to be quite effective which leads to the formation of desired bisamides without significant decrease in the yields, thereby revealing their significance from industrial as well as academic viewpoint.
Factors influencing the sustainable consumer behavior concerning the recycling of plastic waste
Authors: Hameed Irfan , Khan Kamran , Waris Idrees , Zainab Bibi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe consumption of products made up of plastic or packaged in plastic are an integral part of our modern life. This study used a continuum of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and social influence theory (SIT) to discuss the possible factors that may lead to scrubbing plastic waste in the country. For this purpose, a sample of 353 was finalized using the purposive sampling technique. Partial least square structural equation modeling was used to test the data. The findings of the study suggested that consumer attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control lead to recycling intentions. Moreover, informational and normative social influences (NSI) also play significant roles in affecting recycling intentions. The results further suggest that recycling intention is the true predictor of the recycling behavior for plastic waste. The findings of the study can be used by government officials and organizations to instigate pro‐environmental consumer behavior.
Page curve from defect extremal surface and island in higher dimensions
Authors: Chu Jinwei , Deng Feiyu , Zhou Yang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Defect extremal surface (DES) is defined by minimizing the Ryu-Takayanagi surface corrected by the quantum theory localized on the defect, which is useful when the RT surface crosses or terminates on the defect. Based on the decomposition procedure of an AdS bulk with a defect brane, proposed in [69], we derive Page curve in a time dependent set up of AdS3/BCFT2, and find that the result from island formula agrees with defect extremal surface formula precisely. We then extend the study to higher dimensions and find that the entropy computed from bulk defect extremal surface is generally less than that from island formula in boundary low energy effective theory, which implies that the UV completion of island formula gives a smaller entropy.
Teaching as a system: COVID-19 as a lens into teacher change
Authors: Brunetto Domenico , Bernardi Giulia , Andrà Chiara , Liljedahl Peter 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the spring of 2020, schools and universities around the world were closed because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The relative lockdown affected more than 1.5 billion learners as teachers and students sheltered at home for several weeks. As schooling moved online, teachers were forced to change how they taught. In the research presented here, we focus on university mathematics professors, and we analyze how their practice, knowledge, and beliefs intertwine and change under these circumstances. More specifically, the context of the pandemic and the relative lockdown provides us with the experimental basis to argue that the new practice affected both knowledge and beliefs of mathematics teachers and that practice, knowledge, and beliefs form a system. Being part of a system, the reactions to change in practice can be of two types, namely, the system as a whole tries to resist change, or the system as a whole changes — and it changes significantly. The research presented here proposes a model for describing and analyzing what we called a teaching system and examines three cases that help to better depict the systemic nature of teaching.
Pastoralist Dilemmas: Where to Go and When to Move, or with Whom to Talk?
Authors: Finke Peter 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPastoralists in Western Mongolia face a range of challenges during their annual grazing cycle due to the simultaneous but conflicting needs for secure allocation rules and a high degree of flexibility. In this paper, I analyze the seasonal arrangements and corresponding strategies that households adopt to deal with unpredictable environmental conditions and the demands of supplying livestock with sufficient forage throughout the year. In contrast to game theory simulations, I argue that dilemmas are: a) often not a question of cooperating or not, but form continua of more or less; and b) socially embedded as people operate in a multitude of relationships that influence their decision-making. Therefore, sharing information in a manner that prioritizes the requirements of individual households while not jeopardizing social reputation is crucially important. Rhetorical skills play an important role in this regard, but there are also situations when herders blatantly ignore state law or local institutional arrangements and risk confrontation to ensure the survival of livestock leading to a situation where free-riding may at times become the dominant strategy.
Moth species richness and diversity decline in a 30-year time series in Norway, irrespective of species’ latitudinal range extent and habitat
Authors: Burner Ryan C. , Selås Vidar , Kobro Sverre , Jacobsen Rannveig M. , Sverdrup-Thygeson Anne 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionInsects are reported to be in decline around the globe, but long-term datasets are rare. The causes of these trends are elusive, with changes in land use and climate among the top candidates. Yet if species traits can predict rates of population change, this can help identify underlying mechanisms. If climate change is important, for example, high-latitude species may decline as temperate species expand. Land use changes, however, may impact species that rely on certain habitats.Aims and methodsWe present 30 years of moth captures (comprising 97,032 individuals of 808 species) from a site in southeast Norway to test for population trends that are correlated with species traits. We use time series analyses and joint species distribution models combined with local climate and habitat data.Results and discussionSpecies richness declined by 8.2% per decade and total abundance appeared to decline as well (−9.4%, p = 0.14) but inter-annual variability was high. One-fifth of species declined, although 6% increased. Winter and summer weather were correlated with annual rates of abundance change for many species. Opposite to general expectation, many species responded negatively to higher summer and winter temperatures. Surprisingly, species’ northern range limits and the habitat in which their food plants grew were not strong predictors of their time trends or their responses to climatic variation. Complex and indirect effects of both land use and climate change may play a role in these declines.Implications for insect conservationOur results provide additional evidence for long-term declines in insect abundance. The multifaceted causes of population changes may limit the ability of species traits to reveal which species are most at risk.
Altered Plasma Fatty Acids Associate with Gut Microbial Composition in Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Authors: Skarpengland Tonje , Macpherson Magnhild E. , Hov Johannes R. , Kong Xiang Y. , Bohov Pavol , Halvorsen Bente , Fevang Børre , Berge Rolf K. , Aukrust Pål , Jørgensen Silje F. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Fatty acid (FA) abnormalities are found in various inflammatory disorders and have been related to disturbed gut microbiota. Patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) have inflammatory complications associated with altered gut microbial composition. We hypothesized that there is an altered FA profile in CVID patients, related to gut microbial dysbiosis.

Methods
Plasma FAs were measured in 39 CVID patients and 30 healthy controls. Gut microbial profile, a food frequency questionnaire, and the effect of the oral antibiotic rifaximin were investigated in CVID patients.

Results
The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (1.4 [1.0–1.8] vs. 1.9 [1.2–2.5], median (IQR), P < 0.05), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (3.2 [2.4–3.9] vs. 3.5 [2.9–4.3], P < 0.05), all values expressed as weight percent of total plasma FAs, were reduced in CVID compared to controls. Also, n-6 PUFAs (34.3 ± 3.4 vs. 37.1 ± 2.8, mean ± SD, P < 0.001) and linoleic acid (LA) (24.5 ± 3.3 vs. 28.1 ± 2.7, P < 0.0001) and the FA anti-inflammatory index (98.9 [82.1–119.4] vs. 117.0 [88.7–153.1], median (IQR), P < 0.05) were reduced in CVID. The microbial alpha diversity was positively associated with plasma n-6 PUFAs (r = 0.41, P < 0.001) and LA (r = 0.51, P < 0.001), but not n-3 PUFAs (P = 0.78). Moreover, a 2-week course of rifaximin significantly reduced the proportion of n-6 PUFAs (P = 0.04, UNIANOVA). Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels correlated with plasma n-3 PUFAs (rho = 0.36, P = 0.03) and DHA (rho = 0.41, P = 0.009).

Conclusion
We found a potentially unfavorable FA profile in CVID, related to low IgG levels. High plasma n-6 PUFAs were related to increased gut microbial diversity and altered by rifaximin therapy.
The Role and Value of Chaplains in the Ambulance Service: Paramedic Perspectives
Authors: Tunks Leach Katie , Simpson Paul , Lewis Joanne , Levett-Jones Tracy 
Published: October 2021

AbstractChaplains are employed by ambulance services in many states across Australia as one element in a suite of initiatives to support the health and wellness of paramedics. The aim of this paper is to present key findings from a study that explored paramedic perspectives on the role and value of chaplains in the ambulance service. Seventeen paramedics participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using framework analysis. Two themes were identified: scope of the chaplain’s role and organisational factors influencing the chaplain’s role. Paramedics highly valued what they believed to be proactive and reactive support provided by ambulance chaplains, regardless of paramedics’ personal spiritual or religious beliefs.
On the usability of digital sleep interventions in sports
Authors: Klier Kristina , Seiler Kirstin , Wagner Matthias 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHigh sleep quality is highly related to better health and peak performance. Nowadays, multiple applications and platforms are available to track activity, to monitor heart rate, or to evaluate sleep quality. While activity tracking and heart rate monitoring are widely used, little is known about the potentials of digital tools to optimize sleep quality. Especially among athletes, who often suffer from reduced sleep quality because of full schedules and high competition performance pressure, interventions to maximize performance by optimizing recovery and sleep quality seem to be promising. In the present paper, we give an overview on existing research focusing on the potentials of digital interventions to enhance sleep quality among athletes. In particular, mindfulness-based digital interventions seem to be promising as they evidently foster high sleep quality and related health and performance patterns. Further, athletes can time- and cost-effectively integrate them into their daily routines. Future research is needed to empirically test the usability of digital features and suitable interventions to optimize sleep.
Quantitative characterization of pore network and influencing factors of methane adsorption capacity of transitional shale from the southern North China Basin
Authors: Liu Wen , Xu Qiuchen , Wang Haizhou , Liu Peng , Guo Ruiliang , Zhang Yang , Wei Keyi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractQuantitative characterization of pore structure and analysis of influencing factors of methane adsorption are important segments in shale gas reservoir and resources evaluation and have not been systematically carried out in marine–continental shale series. A series of integrated methods, including total organic carbon (TOC) contents, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, mineral composition analysis, pore structure measurement, high-pressure CH4 adsorption analysis and FE-SEM observation, were conducted on 12 transitional shale samples of well WBC-1 in the southern North China Basin (SNCB). The results indicate that TOC contents of the transitional shales range from 1.03 to 8.06% with an average of 2.39%. The transitional shale consists chiefly of quartz, white mica and clay minerals. Interparticle pore, intraparticle pore, dissolution pore and microfracture were observed in the FE-SEM images. The specific surface area (SSA) of BET for the samples ranges from 3.3612 to 12.1217 m2/g (average: 6.9320 m2/g), whereas the DR SSA for the samples ranges from 12.9844 to 35.4267 m2/g (average: 19.67 m2/g). The Langmuir volume (VL) ranges from 2.05 to 4.75 cm3/g (average = 2.43 cm3/g). There is unobvious correction between BET and DR SSA with TOC contents, which means inorganic pores are the main component of pore space in the transitional shale from the SNCB. The relationship of SSA and pore volume shows that micropore has a greater impact on the CH4 adsorption capacity than mesopore–macropore in the transitional shale. Different from shales in other petroliferous basin, clay minerals are the primary factor affecting adsorption capacity of CH4 for transitional shale in this study. The pore structure of the transitional shale for this study is characterized by higher fractal dimension and more heterogeneous pore structure compared to shale in other petroliferous basin. This study provides an example and new revelation for the influencing factors of pore structure and methane adsorption capacity of marine–continental transitional shale.
Common fixed points for $$(\psi -\varphi )$$-weak contractions type in b-metric spaces
Authors: Morales José R. , Rojas Edixon M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to prove the existence and uniqueness of common fixed points for a pair of $$(\psi -\varphi )$$

(
ψ
-
φ
)

-weak contractive self-maps in the setting of b-metric spaces satisfying the minimal requirement of weakly compatibility, and other weak commuting properties as compatibility, R-weakly commuting and R-weakly commuting of types ($$A_T$$

A
T

), ($$A_S$$

A
S

) and ($$A_P$$

A
P

). Also, we will analyze the convergence and stability of the Jungck-Noor iterative scheme for this class of pairs of mappings on b-metric spaces endowed with a convex structure.
Active Living Becomes Achievable (ALBA): An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Behaviour Change Intervention at Promoting Physical Activity for Improved Mental Wellbeing
Authors: Peddie Nicola , Snowden Austyn , Westbury Tony 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPhysical activity (PA) has been shown to be beneficial for physical and mental wellbeing. However, there is evidence to indicate people with mental health conditions are significantly less active than the general population. The aim of the research is to evaluate the effectiveness of Active Living Becomes Achievable (ALBA), a behaviour change intervention designed to specifically target individuals with mental and physical health conditions to increase motivation and adherence to physical activity to improve physical and mental wellbeing. 318 participants were recruited through existing exercise referral schemes in three areas of Scotland. A quantitative outcome evaluation, with a before and after design was carried out to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. Participants completed 5 outcome measures—the Scottish Physical Activity Questionnaire (SPAQ), the Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale (SEE), the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS), the Patient Activation Measure (PAM) and the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale—and wore an activity tracker for 16 weeks. Participants who opted into the long-term study were monitored for up to 12-months. ALBA significantly improved mental wellbeing, patient activation and self-efficacy. Although the intervention did not appear to increase adherence to PA. The ALBA intervention was effective at improving mental wellbeing but did not have a significant effect on PA levels. This suggests that the additional support offered through the ALBA intervention was key to improving wellbeing.
Suprapubic arc(SPARC)-Operation zur Behandlung der weiblichen Belastungsinkontinenz
Authors: Jasarevic Samra , Primus Günter 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Belastungsinkontinenz zeigt eine hohe Prävalenz in der weiblichen Population und hat einen negativen Einfluss auf die Lebensqualität sowie die Gesundheitsökonomie. In der chirurgischen Therapie der weiblichen Belastungsinkontinenz geht der Trend in Richtung minimal-invasiver Methoden. Die mitturethralen Bänder stellen den Goldstandard in der chirurgischen Therapie der Belastungsinkontinenz dar. Die Evaluierung chirurgischer Methoden zur Behandlung der weiblichen Belastungsinkontinenz ist von eminenter Bedeutung. Suprapubic arc (SPARC) ist ein retropubisches mitturethrales Band, welches spannungsfrei suburethral platziert wird. Es wurde zwischen 2001 und 2018 erfolgreich an unserer Klinik angewendet. In unserer retrospektiven Studie wurden die Langzeitergebnisse 5–10 Jahre nach der SPARC-Operation untersucht. Hierbei erwies sich SPARC als sichere und effiziente Methode zur Behandlung der weiblichen Belastungsinkontinenz. Es kam zu einer signifikanten Reduktion des Leidensdrucks (visual analogue scale, VAS), des Vorlagengewichts im Padtest und des Vorlagenverbrauchs. Die Reduktion der maximalen Harnflussrate hatte keinen negativen Einfluss auf die subjektive Blasenentleerung.Die Zufriedenheit der Patientinnen mit dem Operationsergebnis war zu allen Zeitpunkten im Follow-up hoch und unabhängig vom Erreichen einer kompletten Trockenheit.
Community-owned rural water supplies in Galicia (Spain): supporting role in the groundwater self-management
Authors: Naves Acacia , Varela-Álvarez Enrique José 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe community-owned rural water supplies in the rural areas of Galicia developed spontaneously in response to the historical shortcomings of local administrations, which are a clear example of commons management strategies. They have developed a water self-management model integrated into a complex network of actors. More than one-quarter of the total population rely on these systems. However, a large part of supplied water does not comply with the sanitary standards due to deficiencies in the system’s design, operation, and maintenance and the water catchment protection. Furthermore, the owners face difficulties complying with basic legal requirements due to the complexity of the regulatory framework and the lack of training of the water board members. COXAPO (‘Comunidad Xeral de Augas de Galicia’), an association of 150 community-owned water supplies, advises, trains, and supports the water boards for the legal, administrative, economic, and technical systems management. As a result, it gets the systems legally compliant concerning the institutional management and quality of supplied water. The success of this network governance recommends a role to the administration in promoting the networking of water boards by supporting the existing water supply associations and encouraging their constitution or provisioning equivalent services in regions where they do not exist.