bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restriction of Exponential Sums to Hypersurfaces
Authors: Demeter Ciprian , Langowski Bartosz 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We prove moment inequalities for exponential sums with respect to singular measures, whose Fourier decay matches those of curved hypersurfaces. Our emphasis will be on proving estimates that are sharp with respect to the scale parameter $N$, apart from $N^\epsilon $ losses. In a few instances, we manage to remove these losses.
PSVI-6 Effect of season on the feeding behaviour and kinetics of daily feed intake of high-prolific sows during lactation
Authors: Silva Bruno Alexander N , Eskinazi Simon , Jacob David V , Araújo Wagner , Ataíde Iara , Rebordoes Flavio Igor G , Gonçalves Mateus F , Cardoso Larissa A , Lima Valesca , Evangelista Rafaela , Cardoso Hysla M , Motta Stephane A , Habit Steve , Araújo Dalton , Pereira Thainara , Maia Bárbara 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Heat stress can cause changes in the feeding behaviour of lactating sows. The present study aimed to evaluate the impacts of season on the feeding behavior and kinetics of daily feed intake of modern high prolific sows under tropical conditions. A total of 80 high-prolific mixed parity sows divided into 10 batches of 8 sows each were used. Individual feeding behaviour was recorded during the ad libitum period (between d 1 and 23 of lactation), using an Automated Intelligent Feeder (AIF; Gestal Solo, Jyga Technology, Canada). Daily feed intake during lactation was affected by season (P &lt; 0.001), and the feed intake was less during the hot season (5.66 vs. 7.23 g/d; Figure 1a). The daily ingestion time was less in the hot season (36.8 vs. 72.3 min/ d; P&lt; 0.01) and the ingestion time per meal was also lower in the hot compared to the cool season (5.7 vs. 7.5 min/ meal; P &lt; 0.05). The hot season showed a lower (P &lt; 0.01) rate of daily intake when compared to the cool season (36.8 vs. 72.3 g/ min). Sows showed a higher diurnal feed intake (3,546 vs. 2,901 g/ d), whereas meal frequency was not affected (4.2 meals/ d, on average). Irrespective of the season, the nycthemeral pattern of feed intake peaked twice daily: between 0200 and 0900 h and between 1600 and 2000 h (Figure 1b).The present study confirms that lactating sows do not change much their feeding pattern according to season, meaning that they tend to keep the same feeding behaviour during both seasons, with a more pronounced intake between 0200 and 0900 am, approximately 80% of their total daily intake. Sows may not change feeding pattern according to season, but reduce significantly voluntary feed intake under hot climate conditions in order to reduce the thermal effect of feed.
PSVI-11 Effects of dietary supplementation of enzymatic bio-conversion of Scutellaria baicalensis extract as an alternative to antibiotics in growing pigs
Authors: Deokho Koo , De Xin Dang , Shanshui Gao , Bin Lim Chain , Inho Kim 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study was carried out to assess the effects of dietary supplementation of enzymatic bio-conversion of Scuterallia baicalensis (SB) extract on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbiota, fecal gas emission, blood hematology, and antioxidative indicators in growing pigs. A total of 200 crossbred pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] with an initial body weight of 24.52 ± 1.99 kg were used in a 42-day experiment with a completely randomized block design. Pigs were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups with 10 replicate pens per treatment and 5 animals per pen (2 barrows and 3 gilts). There were four diet conditions: 1) CON, basal diet; 2) TRT1, basal diet + 0.1% apramycin; 3) TRT2, basal diet + 0.1% SB extract; 4) TRT3, basal diet + 0.1% enzymatic bio-conversion of SB extract. The pen was taken as the experimental unit. Tukey’s multiple range test was used for evaluation of differences among the treatments. Compared with the CON group, TRT1 or TRT3 groups had higher final body weight (BW) (P = 0.074) and average daily gain (ADG) (P = 0.075), and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P = 0.054). The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM) (P = 0.095) in TRT1 group was higher than that in CON group. Serum glutathione peroxidase (GPX) (P = 0.047) and glutathione (GSH) (P = 0.074) concentrations in TRT3 group were higher than those in CON or TRT1 groups. However, there were no significant differences in fecal microbiota, fecal gas emission, and blood hematology among all dietary groups. A positive correlation between apramycin supplementation in the diet and ADG and the ATTD of DM were observed. A positive correlation between enzymatic bio-conversion of SB extract supplementation in the diet and ADG and the concentration of GPX and GSH in serum were also observed.
PSVII-1 Dietary inclusion of mineral detoxified nano-sulfur dispersion on growth performance, fecal score, fecal microbial, gas emission, blood profile, digestibility and meat quality in finishing pigs
Authors: Deokho Koo , Thamaraikannan Mohankumar , Muniyappan Madesh , Junho Song , Min Ahn Je , Inho Kim 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Minerals enhance the digestive and bio-synthesis process and growth of animals. Nano-minerals are considered to be more efficient in growth, immunomodulation, bactericidal effects than regular products. Also, they are needed in a lower dose. Sulfur is an essential part of many enzymes and antioxidant molecules like glutathione and thioredoxin. Some sulfur containing compounds can efficiently form a line of defense against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Detoxified nano-Sulfur Dispersion (DSD) on growth performance, fecal score, fecal microbial, gas emissions, blood profile, nutrient digestibility and meat quality in finishing pigs. A total of 160 pigs with an initial body weight of 54.90 ± 5.10 kg were randomly assigned to 2 treatments comprising of basal diet and basal diet with 10ppm DSD. All data were statically analyzed by T-test using the SAS program as a randomized complete block design, with the pen serving as an experimental unit. During the 10-week trial, there were no differences (P &gt; 0.05) in body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and gain to feed ratio (G:F) between the control and DSD groups. Also, the fecal score, fecal microbiota, gas emission were not affected (P &gt; 0.05) by DSD diet. Dietary inclusion of DSD tended (P &lt; 0.10) to increase water holding capacity and decrease cooking loss and drip loss. At week 5, serum concentrations of glucose, calcium, total cholesterol, high-density level were increased, and triglyceride concentration was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) reduced in pigs fed with DSD than control diets. In summary, the inclusion of dietary DSD in the finishing pig diet improved serum Ca, glucose concentrations and lipid profiles. It also improved some meat quality traits, indicating its importance in improving the health status of animals.
PSVII-9 Influence of lactose and milk oligosaccharides in whey permeate on jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota in nursery pigs during 7 to 11 kg BW
Authors: Jang Ki Beom , Kim Sung Woo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate supplemental effects of milk carbohydrates in whey permeate on jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota in nursery pigs during 7 to 11 kg BW. A total of 720 pigs at 7.5 kg BW were allotted to 6 treatments (6 pens/treatment and 20 pigs/pen). Treatments were 6 levels of whey permeate supplementation (0, 3.75, 7.50, 11.25, 15.00, and 18.75%) and fed to pigs for 11 d. On d 11, 36 pigs representing median BW of each pen were euthanized to collect the jejunal mucosa to evaluate microbiota in the jejunum by 16S rDNA sequencing. Data were analyzed using contrasts in MIXED procedure of SAS. Whey permeate contained 76.3% lactose and 0.4% milk oligosaccharides. Increasing whey permeate supplementation from 0 to 18.75% did not affect the alpha-diversity estimates of microbiota. Whey permeate supplementation tended to decrease (P = 0.073, 1.59 to 1.22) Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes compared with no addition of whey permeate. Increasing whey permeate supplementation tended to linearly increase Bifidobacteriaceae (P = 0.089, 0.73 to 1.11), decrease Enterobacteriaceae (P = 0.091, 1.04 to 0.52), decrease Stretococcaceae (P = 0.094, 1.50 to 0.71), and caused quadratic changes (P &lt; 0.05) on Lactobacillaceae (maximum: 9.14% at 12.91% whey permeate). Increasing whey permeate supplementation caused a quadratic change (P &lt; 0.05) on Lactobacillus_Salivarius (maximum: 0.92% at 7.35% whey permeate) and tended to cause quadratic changes on Lactobacillus_Rogosae (P = 0.083; maximum: 0.53% at 8.45% whey permeate) and Lactobacillus_Mucosae (P = 0.092; maximum: 0.70% at 6.98% whey permeate). In conclusion, supplementation of whey permeate as sources of lactose and milk oligosaccharides at a range from 7 to 13% seems to be beneficial to nursery pigs by increasing the abundance of lactic acid-producing bacteria in the jejunal mucosa.
PSVII-2 Effects of xylanase and its optimal supplementation level on viscosity of jejunal digesta, nutrient digestibility, intestinal health, and growth performance of nursery pigs
Authors: Moita Vitor Hugo C , Kim Sung Woo , Duarte Marcos E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to determine supplemental effects of xylanase (endo-β-1,4-xylanase, CJ BIO, Korea) and its optimal supplementation level on viscosity of jejunal digesta, nutrient digestibility, intestinal health, and growth performance of pigs. Sixty weaned pigs (6.9 ± 0.8 kg BW) were randomly allotted to 5 treatments based on a RCBD with initial BW and sex as block and fed in 3 phases (P1/2/3 for 10/14/14 d, respectively). Dietary treatment were the supplementation levels of xylanase providing (0, 220, 440, 880, and 1,760 XU/kg feed). Titanium dioxide (0.4%) was added to P3 diets as an indigestible marker to measure AID. On d 38, all pigs were euthanized to collect ileal and jejunal digesta to measure AID and viscosity, respectively; jejunal mucosa and tissue to measure intestinal health parameters. Data were analyzed using SAS 9.4. Xylanase supplementation from 0 to 350 XU/kg increased (P &lt; 0.05) ADG (596 to 746 g/d) during the last week, whereas there was no effect by xylanase on the overall growth performance. Increasing xylanase supplementation reduced (P &lt; 0.05) digesta viscosity (1.91 to 1.48 mPa.s); increased (P &lt; 0.05) the AID of EE (83.9 to 89.5%), NDF (52.9 to 56.9%) and ADF (35.3 to 39.3%); tended to reduce Cupriavidus (P = 0.073; 1.33 to 0.63%) and Megasphaera (P = 0.063; 1.26 to 0.23%); and tended to increase Succinivibrio (P = 0.076; 1.10 to 2.71%) and Pseudomonas (P = 0.060; 4.89 to 13.29%). Xylanase supplementation from 0 to 520 XU/kg reduced (P &lt; 0.05) jejunal MDA (0.99 to 0.58 µmol/mg protein). In conclusion, xylanase supplementation showed benefits on intestinal health by reducing digesta viscosity, oxidative stress status, and harmful bacteria in the jejunal mucosa and by increasing the AID of nutrients. Xylanase supplementation at a range of 350 to 520 XU/kg feed provided the most benefits.
PSVII-7 Prematurity alters the regulation of Akt signaling in skeletal muscle of piglets
Authors: Davis Teresa A , Suryawan Agus , Naberhuis Jane , Rudar Marko , Fiorotto Marta 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objectives: Postnatal growth faltering is common after preterm birth. Recently we showed that premature birth in piglets impairs normal postnatal weight gain and skeletal muscle protein synthesis compared to piglets born at term. This response is associated with a reduction in the feeding-induced activation of Akt and subsequent downstream signaling, despite no change in insulin receptor activation. The aim of this study was to identify key regulators of Akt responsible for the blunted anabolic response in preterm muscle. Methods: Piglets delivered by cesarean section 11 d (preterm/PT) or 2 d (term/T) before term birth were fed by total parenteral nutrition. On day 3, after 4 h fasting, piglets were fasted one additional h or fed orally a sow milk replacer (per kg body weight: 31.5 kcal, 1.3 g carbohydrate, 2.7 g amino acids BW, 1.6 g lipid). Positive and negative regulators of Akt activity in longissimus dorsi muscle were determined by Western blot. Results: Phosphorylation of Akt1 and Akt2, but not Akt3, was lower in PT than in T pigs (P &lt; 0.05). Phosphorylation of Akt activators, PDK1 and mTORC2, and the abundance of Ubl4A, a positive regulator of Akt, were lower in PT than in T (P &lt; 0.05). Abundance of Akt inhibitors, PHLPP and SHIP2, but not PTEN, was higher in PT than in T (P &lt; 0.05). Activation of the Akt phosphatase, PP2A, was unaffected by feeding in PT but inhibited by feeding in T pigs (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: These results show that the feeding-induced activation of positive regulators of Akt is reduced by preterm birth, whereas the activation of negative regulators is enhanced. Our findings suggest that premature birth impairs the activation of Akt that is essential for channeling dietary nutrients for anabolism and likely contributes to the postnatal growth faltering of prematurity. Research Support: NIH and USDA.
PSVII-4 Flavoured drinking water improves performance of post-weaned piglets
Authors: Luna Fabrina S , Silva Bruno Alexander N , Moraes Elenice A , Carvalho Debora Cristine O , Jacob David V , Eskinazi Simon , Domingos Rodrigo L , Carvalho Illa Carla S , Cardoso Hysla M , Cardoso Larissa A , Rebordoes Flavio Igor G , Gonçalves Mateus F 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Water is an absolute requirement in the daily needs of the pig. It has been suggested that after weaning, pigs may not consume enough water which impacts in their hydration. It is commonly known that providing water to piglets encourages higher feed intake and improves nutrient absorption, with a positive impact on weight gain and on post-weaning feed intake adaptation, decreasing problems caused by the transition phase from the farrowing unit to the nursery. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of a flavor to the drinking water of piglets on their voluntary water intake and performance in the first week after weaning. Sixty (30 males and 30 females) commercial piglets were used, in a randomized block design, with 10 repetitions per treatment (with or without addition of 100g/ 1000 L of water of Power sweet®; Adisseo) and each repetition with 3 animals. The piglets were weighed at weaning and d 8 post weaning. Parameters evaluated were the initial and final weight; daily weight gain; average daily and total feed intake; total daily and average consumption per animal of water and correlation between feed and water consumption. The means of the variables were submitted to the Pdiff option of the SAS using the Tukey test for contrasts (P &lt; 0.05). The addition of a flavor in the drinking water increased daily weight gain in 6.7% (P = 0.041), average daily feed consumption in 2.98% (P = 0.0014), total feed consumption in 2.96% (P = 0.0014) and increased the final weight by 1.25% (P = 0.0411) when compared the control. Feed and water intake had a positive correlation in both treatments. The addition of flavor to the drinking water increases feed and water intake, improving the piglet performance in the first week after weaning.
PSVII-5 Influences of feed intake and fiber source on energy and nutrient digestibility in growing pigs
Authors: Ha Dong Uk , Kim Beob Gyun G 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The objective was to determine the influence of feed intake (FI) and fiber source on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) and nutrients in pigs. Twelve barrows with an initial body weight (BW) of 34.0 ± 2.6 kg were allotted to a replicated 6 × 4 Latin square design with 6 treatments and 4 periods. The 6 treatments were consisted of a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with 2 amounts of FI (9.0 and 4.5% × BW0.75) and 3 dietary fiber sources. Three diets were 1) a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet (BD), 2) a diet replacing 30% of corn and soybean meal in BD with sugar beet pulp (SBP) as a source of soluble dietary fiber (SDF), and 3) a diet replacing 15% of corn and soybean meal in BD with corn cobs as a source of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) to obtain a similar IDF concentration as in the SBP diet. Following a 6-d adaptation, feces were collected for 5 d. The ATTD of GE, dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in diets was greater (P &lt; 0.05) for pigs fed at 4.5% of BW0.75 compared with those fed at 9.0% of BW0.75. The ATTD of GE, DM, OM, NDF, and ADF in SBP diet was greater (P &lt; 0.01) than that in corn cob diet. However, there was no interaction between FI and fiber source on energy and nutrient digestibility. The ATTD of GE, DM, OM, protein, NDF, and ADF in SBP was greater (P &lt; 0.01) than that in corn cobs. In conclusion, energy and nutrient digestibility values were increased by reduced feed intake and were greater in sugar beet pulp than in corn cobs without interaction between feed intake and fiber source.
PSVII-6 Hindgut disappearance of nutrients in a diet containing sugar beet pulp was greater than that in a diet containing corn cob with no effect of feed intake in growing pigs
Authors: Ha Dong Uk , Kim Beob Gyun G 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The objective was to determine the influence of feed intake (FI) and fiber source on hindgut disappearance of energy and nutrients in pigs. Ten canulated barrows with an initial body weight (BW) of 38.3 ± 5.4 kg were allotted to a replicated 5 × 4 Latin square design with 5 treatments and 4 periods. A corn-soybean meal-based basal diet (BD) and 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement with 2 amounts of FI (9.0 and 4.5% × BW0.75) and 2 fiber sources of sugar beet pulp (SBP) and corn cob were used. Three diets were 1) a BD, 2) a diet replacing 30% of corn and soybean meal in BD with SBP as a source of soluble dietary fiber (SDF), and 3) a diet replacing 15% of corn and soybean meal in BD with corn cobs as a source of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) to obtain a similar IDF concentration as in the SBP diet. Each period consisted of 7-d adaptation, 2-d fecal collection, and 2-d ileal collection. Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of energy, dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and crude protein (CP) in SBP diet was less (P &lt; 0.001) than that in corn cob diet, whereas AID of neutral detergent fiber in SBP were greater (P &lt; 0.001) than in corn cob diet. Hindgut disappearance of energy, DM, OM, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber in SBP diet was greater (P &lt; 0.05) than that in corn cob diet. However, no interaction between FI and fiber source on the AID, apparent total tract digestibility, and hindgut disappearance of nutrients was observed. Overall, hindgut disappearance of nutrients in sugar beet pulp diet was greater than that in corn cob diet. However, the influence of feed intake or the interaction between feed intake and fiber source was not observed.
PSXVI-9 The effectiveness of using organomineral feed additive in broiler chicken diets
Authors: Ivanishcheva Anastasia P , Sizova Elena , Lebedev Svyatoslav , Makaeva Ayna , Lutkovskaya Yana 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Currently, natural biopolymer chitosan is of great interest as a component of feed additives. The aim of the study is to assess the effect of chitosan and ultra-small particles (UP) of copper and iron on nutrient absorption and the liver elemental composition of The Cross Irishmen’s Arbor Acres (n q 60). In the experiment, chickens of experimental groups were injected: I - chitosan in a dose of 1 mg / kg of feed (Evalar, Russia), II - FeSO4 × 7H2O were replaced on Fe UFP at a dose of 17.5 mg/kg of feed (Advanced Powder Technology, Tomsk) and CuSO4 × 5H2O with Cu UFP at a dose of 1.7 mg/kg of feed (Platinum Ltd., Moscow); in the III experimental group Fe and Cu introduced together with chitosan. The control group’s diet did not contain any additives. The elemental composition of organs and tissues was determined by atomic emission (Optima 2000V) and mass spectrometric (Elan 9000; Perkin Elmer, USA). The analysis showed that the absorption of raw fiber increased with separate feeding of chitosan (group I) and UFP (group II) by 5.9 and 10.7% relative to control. The joint use of chitosan and UFP (Group III) reduces this rate by 21.5% compared to control. The same trend is observed with the absorption of carbohydrates, which in the first group increased by 3.6%, and in the third group, on the contrary, decreased by 13%. In all the experimental groups there was a tendency to increase the concentration of iron in both the liver and the pen. The use of chitosan and UDC in the diets of broiler chickens is appropriate and contributes to increasing the digestibility of feed and increasing productivity. The article was published as part of the implementation of the theme No. 0761-2019-0005.
PSXVI-10 The effectiveness of using the enzyme-mineral complex in the nutrition of broiler chickens
Authors: Nechitailo Kseniya , Sizova Elena 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The aim of the study was to study the effect of a complex of a multienzyme feed additive (Axtra® XAR 102 TPT (Danisco Animal Nutrition) 0.05% of finished feed; I gr) and in combination with ultrafine particles (UFP) of Cu (1.25 mg / kg; II gr) on productivity and morphobiochemical parameters of blood of broiler chickens (BC). BC were divided into 3 groups (n = 15). The results showed that the combined use of the enzyme preparation (EP) and Cu UFPs has a greater effect on the increase in live weight [19.6% (P &lt; 0.05)]. The introduction of only an EP into the diet has a lesser effect on the increase in live weight, which was 18.8% ahead of the control. In the experimental groups, there was an increase in the coefficient of digestibility of nutrients (P &lt; 0.05). The addition of Cu UFPs increased the digestibility of crude fat [3.3% (P &lt; 0.05)]. Analysis of metabolites in blood serum demonstrates the absence of the toxic effect of the introduced additives. There was a decrease in aspartate aminotransferase: in group I by 8.3%, in group II by 4.6% (P &lt; 0.05). The composition of the lipid profile changed, stimulation of erythropoiesis and an increase in the amount of hemoglobin were registered both with joint and separate feeding of the EP and Cu UFPs. Thus, the introduction of just an EP reduced cholesterol levels by 10%, and in combination with Cu UFPs by 2.15%, triglycerides by 33.1% (P &lt; 0.05). Thus, it was found that the combination of a multi-enzyme preparation and Cu UFPs has the potential to be used as a biologically active feed additive and causes an increase in the digestibility, and therefore, the productivity of BC. The research was carried out with financial support from RSF (20-16-00078).