bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TANC1 methylation as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of patients with anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury
Authors: Wu Dongxue , Li Yuhong , Ren Qi , Pei Shengfei , Wang Lin , Yang Luming , Chong Yingzhi , Sun Shufeng , Hao Jinqi , Feng Fumin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe aimed to elucidate the differences in genomic methylation patterns between ADLI and non-ADLI patients to identify DNA methylation-based biomarkers. Genome-wide DNA methylation patterns were obtained using Infinium MethylationEPIC (EPIC) BeadChip array to analyze 14 peripheral blood samples (7 ADLI cases, 7 non-ADLI controls). Changes in the mRNA and DNA methylation in the target genes of another 120 peripheral blood samples (60 ADLI cases, 60 non-ADLI controls) were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and pyrosequencing, respectively. A total of 308 hypermethylated CpG sites and 498 hypomethylated CpG sites were identified. Significantly, hypermethylated CpG sites cg06961147 and cg24666046 in TANC1 associated with ADLI was identified by genome-wide DNA methylation profiling. The mRNA expression of TANC1 was lower in the cases compared to the controls. Pyrosequencing validated these two differentially methylated loci, which was consistent with the results from the EPIC BeadChip array. Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that the area under the curve of TANC1 (cg06961147, cg24666046, and their combinations) was 0.812, 0.842, and 0.857, respectively. These results indicate that patients with ADLI have different genomic methylation patterns than patients without ADLI. The hypermethylated differentially methylated site cg06961147 combined with cg24666046 in TANC1 provides evidence for the diagnosis of ADLI.
Biosynthesis of spinel nickel ferrite nanowhiskers and their biomedical applications
Authors: Alijani Hajar Q. , Iravani Siavash , Pourseyedi Shahram , Torkzadeh-Mahani Masoud , Barani Mahmood , Khatami Mehrdad 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGreener methods for the synthesis of various nanostructures with well-organized characteristics and biomedical applicability have demonstrated several advantages, including simplicity, low toxicity, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendliness. Spinel nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) nanowhiskers with rod-like structures were synthesized using a simple and green method; these nanostructures were evaluated by X-ray diffraction analysis, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray energy diffraction spectroscopy. Additionally, the prepared nanowhiskers could significantly reduce the survival of Leishmania major promastigotes, at a concentration of 500 μg/mL; the survival of promastigotes was reduced to ≃ 26%. According to the results obtained from MTT test (in vitro), it can be proposed that further studies should be conducted to evaluate anti-leishmaniasis activity of these types of nanowhiskers in animal models.
Genetic variations in AURORA cell cycle kinases are associated with glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Mesic Aner , Rogar Marija , Hudler Petra , Bilalovic Nurija , Eminovic Izet , Komel Radovan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent type of primary astrocytomas. We examined the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Aurora kinase A (AURKA), Aurora kinase B (AURKB), Aurora kinase C (AURKC) and Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) mitotic checkpoint genes and GBM risk by qPCR genotyping. In silico analysis was performed to evaluate effects of polymorphic biological sequences on protein binding motifs. Chi-square and Fisher statistics revealed a significant difference in genotypes frequencies between GBM patients and controls for AURKB rs2289590 variant (p = 0.038). Association with decreased GBM risk was demonstrated for AURKB rs2289590 AC genotype (OR = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.33–0.88; p = 0.015). Furthermore, AURKC rs11084490 CG genotype was associated with lower GBM risk (OR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.34–0.95; p = 0.031). Bioinformatic analysis of rs2289590 polymorphic region identified additional binding site for the Yin-Yang 1 (YY1) transcription factor in the presence of C allele. Our results indicated that rs2289590 in AURKB and rs11084490 in AURKC were associated with a reduced GBM risk. The present study was performed on a less numerous but ethnically homogeneous population. Hence, future investigations in larger and multiethnic groups are needed to strengthen these results.
Phytosterol accumulation results in ventricular arrhythmia, impaired cardiac function and death in mice
Authors: Ge Hongfei , Liu Gongxin , Yamawaki Tracy M. , Tao Caroline , Alexander Shawn T. , Ly Kimberly , Fordstrom Preston , Shkumatov Artem A. , Li Chi-Ming , Rajamani Sridharan , Zhou Mingyue , Ason Brandon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHeart failure (HF) and cardiac arrhythmias share overlapping pathological mechanisms that act cooperatively to accelerate disease pathogenesis. Cardiac fibrosis is associated with both pathological conditions. Our previous work identified a link between phytosterol accumulation and cardiac injury in a mouse model of phytosterolemia, a rare disorder characterized by elevated circulating phytosterols and increased cardiovascular disease risk. Here, we uncover a previously unknown pathological link between phytosterols and cardiac arrhythmias in the same animal model. Phytosterolemia resulted in inflammatory pathway induction, premature ventricular contractions (PVC) and ventricular tachycardia (VT). Blockade of phytosterol absorption either by therapeutic inhibition or by genetic inactivation of NPC1L1 prevented the induction of inflammation and arrhythmogenesis. Inhibition of phytosterol absorption reduced inflammation and cardiac fibrosis, improved cardiac function, reduced the incidence of arrhythmias and increased survival in a mouse model of phytosterolemia. Collectively, this work identified a pathological mechanism whereby elevated phytosterols result in inflammation and cardiac fibrosis leading to impaired cardiac function, arrhythmias and sudden death. These comorbidities provide insight into the underlying pathophysiological mechanism for phytosterolemia-associated risk of sudden cardiac death.
Investigation of the safety features of advanced PWR assembly using SiC, Zr, FeCrAl and SS-310 as cladding materials
Authors: Mustafa Sayed. Saeed. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this work, SiC (Silicon carbide), FeCrAl (ferritic), SS-310 (stainless steel 310) and Zirconium are simulated by MCNPX (Monte Carlo N‐Particle eXtended) code as cladding materials in advanced PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor) assembly. A number of reactor safety parameters are evaluated for the candidate cladding materials as reactivity, cycle length, radial power distribution of fuel pellet, reactivity coefficients, spectral hardening, peaking factor, thermal neutron fraction and delayed neutron fraction. The neutron economy presented by Zr and SiC models is analyzed through the burnup calculations on the unit cell and assembly levels. The study also provided the geometric conditions of all cladding materials under consideration in terms of the relation between fuel enrichment and cladding thickness from the viewpoint to achieve the same discharge burnup as the Zircaloy cladding. It was found that the SiC model participated in extending the life cycle by 2.23% compared to Zr. The materials other than SiC largely decreased discharge burnup in comparison with Zircaloy. Furthermore, the claddings with lower capture cross-sections (SiC and Zr) exhibit higher relative fission power at the pellet periphery. The simulation also showed that using SiC with a thickness of 571.15 μm and 4.83% U-235 can satisfy the EOL irradiation value as Zr. For reactivity coefficient, the higher absorbing materials (SS-310 and FeCrAl) exhibit more negative FTCs, MTCs and VRCs at the BOL But, at the intermediate stages of burnup Zr and SiC have a strong trend of negative reactivity coefficients. Finally, the delayed neutron fraction of SiC and Zr models is the highest among all the four models.
Additional use of anti-rotation U-blade (RC) decreases lag screw sliding and limb length inequality in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures
Authors: Oh Seungbae , Kim Yong-Sik , Kwon Soon-Yong , Jung Jiyoung , Yoon Chiyoung , Song Joo-Hyoun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to compare the cut-out rate and sliding distance associated with limb length inequality between operations using a standard non-sliding lag screw versus those using a non-sliding lag screw with U-blade (RC) in the Gamma3 nail. This is a retrospective review of two case series involving different lag screws for the Gamma3 nail. Propensity score matching analysis was used to adjust the confounding factors. A comparative analysis of 304 patients who treated with Gamma3 nail with either a standard non-sliding lag screw or a U-Blade (RC) lag screw was performed. Between 2014 and 2018, 152 patients were treated with U-blade (RC) lag screws, and these patients were matched with those treated with standard lag screws. There was no significant difference in cut-out rate between groups. However, additional use of anti-rotation U-blade (RC) could significantly decrease lag screw sliding, with the group treated with U-Blade (RC) lag screws exhibiting shorter sliding, especially in AO/OTA31 A2 and A3 fractures. Also, in A2 and A3 fractures, the mean lag screw sliding distance was greater than that seen in A1 fractures in both groups. These findings can help trauma surgeons choose the proper implant to reduce leg length inequality.
Asymmetric coordinate attention spectral-spatial feature fusion network for hyperspectral image classification
Authors: Cheng Shuli , Wang Liejun , Du Anyu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn recent years, the hyperspectral classification algorithm based on deep learning has received widespread attention, but the existing network models have higher model complexity and require more time consumption. In order to further improve the accuracy of hyperspectral image classification and reduce model complexity, this paper proposes an asymmetric coordinate attention spectral-spatial feature fusion network (ACAS2F2N) to capture distinguishing hyperspectral features. Specifically, adaptive asymmetric iterative attention was proposed to obtain the discriminative spectral-spatial features. Different from the common feature fusion method, this feature fusion method can adapt to most skip connection tasks. In addition, there is no manual parameter setting. Coordinate attention is used to obtain accurate coordinate information and channel relationship. The strip pooling module was introduced to increase the network’s receptive field and avoid irrelevant information brought by conventional convolution kernels. The proposed algorithm is tested on the mainstream hyperspectral datasets (IP, KSC, and Botswana), experimental results show that the proposed ACAS2F2N can achieve state-of-the-art performance with lower time complexity.
Genetic regulation of spermine oxidase activity and cancer risk: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Fadista João , Yakimov Victor , Võsa Urmo , Hansen Christine S. , Kasela Silva , Skotte Line , Geller Frank , Courraud Julie , Esko Tõnu , Kukuškina Viktorija , Buil Alfonso , Melbye Mads , Werge Thomas M. , Hougaard David M. , Milani Lili , Bybjerg-Grauholm Jonas , Cohen Arieh S. , Feenstra Bjarke 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSpermine oxidase (SMOX) catalyzes the oxidation of spermine to spermidine. Observational studies have reported SMOX as a source of reactive oxygen species associated with cancer, implying that inhibition of SMOX could be a target for chemoprevention. Here we test causality of SMOX levels with cancer risk using a Mendelian randomization analysis. We performed a GWAS of spermidine/spermine ratio to identify genetic variants associated with regulation of SMOX activity. Replication analysis was performed in two datasets ofSMOXgene expression. We then did a Mendelian randomization analysis by testing the association between the SMOX genetic instrument and neuroblastoma, gastric, lung, breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers using GWAS summary statistics. GWAS of spermidine/spermine ratio identifiedSMOXlocus (P = 1.34 × 10–49) explaining 32% of the variance. The lead SNP rs1741315 was also associated withSMOXgene expression in newborns (P = 8.48 × 10–28) and adults (P = 2.748 × 10–8) explaining 37% and 6% of the variance, respectively. Genetically determined SMOX activity was not associated with neuroblastoma, gastric, lung, breast, prostate nor colorectal cancer (P > 0.05). A PheWAS of rs1741315 did not reveal any relevant associations. Common genetic variation in theSMOXgene was strongly associated with SMOX activity in newborns, and less strongly in adults. Genetic down-regulation of SMOX was not significantly associated with lower odds of neuroblastoma, gastric, lung, breast, prostate and colorectal cancer. These results may inform studies of SMOX inhibition as a target for chemoprevention.
Dual-energy three-compartment breast imaging for compositional biomarkers to improve detection of malignant lesions
Authors: Leong Lambert T. , Malkov Serghei , Drukker Karen , Niell Bethany L. , Sadowski Peter , Wolfgruber Thomas , Greenwood Heather I. , Joe Bonnie N. , Kerlikowske Karla , Giger Maryellen L. , Shepherd John A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
While breast imaging such as full-field digital mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis have helped to reduced breast cancer mortality, issues with low specificity exist resulting in unnecessary biopsies. The fundamental information used in diagnostic decisions are primarily based in lesion morphology. We explore a dual-energy compositional breast imaging technique known as three-compartment breast (3CB) to show how the addition of compositional information improves malignancy detection.

Methods
Women who presented with Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) diagnostic categories 4 or 5 and who were scheduled for breast biopsies were consecutively recruited for both standard mammography and 3CB imaging. Computer-aided detection (CAD) software was used to assign a morphology-based prediction of malignancy for all biopsied lesions. Compositional signatures for all lesions were calculated using 3CB imaging and a neural network evaluated CAD predictions with composition to predict a new probability of malignancy. CAD and neural network predictions were compared to the biopsy pathology.

Results
The addition of 3CB compositional information to CAD improves malignancy predictions resulting in an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.81 (confidence interval (CI) of 0.74–0.88) on a held-out test set, while CAD software alone achieves an AUC of 0.69 (CI 0.60–0.78). We also identify that invasive breast cancers have a unique compositional signature characterized by reduced lipid content and increased water and protein content when compared to surrounding tissues.

Conclusion
Clinically, 3CB may potentially provide increased accuracy in predicting malignancy and a feasible avenue to explore compositional breast imaging biomarkers.
Disposable Hearing Aid Battery Management: Survey Assessment of Providers and Qualitative Interviews of Patients
Authors: Woodruff Torri Ann , DiFrancesco Jackie , Kurth Michael , Marinelli Alison , Cienkowski Kathleen M. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to better understand the behaviors that hearing aid users engage in to manage batteries.

Method

Two arms of research, a survey of audiologists (
n
= 110) and qualitative interviews with adult hearing aid users (
n
= 13), were conducted. Surveys were distributed and collected both via paper and online methods. Descriptive analyses of survey results were conducted to report on common threads. Qualitative interviews were conducted with video recording for transcription purposes. These transcripts were then coded thematically to identify shared themes across participants.

Results
Results of this study highlight the variability in behavior between provider-recommended strategies (preemptive battery management) and the reactive/delay strategies that are implemented by users. Patient reports indicate several challenges related to changing their batteries including limited information on hearing aid batteries, physical/sensory challenges to the act, and the social impact of having to change hearing aid batteries. Concurrently, patients express a wide range of strategies to address other challenges including engaging in cost-conscious behaviors when managing batteries (both purchasing and deciding to replace) and maintaining a collection of easily accessible batteries for use.

Conclusions
Hearing aid batteries are a topic that reflect social and economic factors in a patient's life. While providers may report they cover these topics sufficiently, challenges related to batteries may need specific elucidation by the clinician to ensure adherence to recommendations and functioning devices.
Perceived Listening Difficulty in the Classroom, Not Measured Noise Levels, Is Associated With Fatigue in Children With and Without Hearing Loss
Authors: Gustafson Samantha J. , Camarata Stephen , Hornsby Benjamin W. Y. , Bess Fred H. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to examine if classroom noise levels and perceived listening difficulty were related to fatigue reported by children with and without hearing loss.

Method:
Measures of classroom noise and reports of classroom listening difficulty were obtained from 79 children (ages 6–12 years) at two time points on two different school days. Forty-four children had mild to moderately severe hearing loss in at least one ear. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to evaluate if measured noise levels, perceived listening difficulty, hearing status, language abilities, or grade level would predict self-reported fatigue ratings measured using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Multidimensional Fatigue Scale.

Results:
Higher perceived listening difficulty was the only predictor variable that was associated with greater self-reported fatigue.

Conclusions:
Measured classroom noise levels showed no systematic relationship with fatigue ratings, suggesting that actual classroom noise levels do not contribute to increased reports of subjective fatigue. Instead, perceived challenges with listening appears to be an important factor for consideration in future work examining listening-related fatigue in children with and without hearing loss.
Adherence to Home-Based Swallowing Therapy Using a Mobile System in Head and Neck Cancer Survivors
Authors: Constantinescu Gabriela , Rieger Jana , Seikaly Hadi , Eurich Dean 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
A large knowledge gap related to dysphagia treatment adherence was identified by a recent systematic review: Few existing studies report on adherence, and current adherence tracking relies heavily on patient self-report. This study aimed to report weekly adherence and dysphagia-specific quality of life following home-based swallowing therapy in head and neck cancer (HNC).

Method
This was a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest design. Patients who were at least 3 months post–HNC treatment were enrolled in swallowing therapy using a mobile health (mHealth) swallowing system equipped with surface electromyography (sEMG) biofeedback. Participants completed a home dysphagia exercise program across 6 weeks, with a target of 72 swallows per day split between three different exercise types. Adherence was calculated as percent trials completed of trials prescribed. The M. D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) was administered before and after therapy.

Results

Twenty participants (75% male), with an average age of 61.9 years (
SD
= 8.5), completed the study. The majority had surgery ± adjuvant (chemo)radiation therapy for oral (10%), oropharyngeal (80%), or other (10%) cancers. Using an intention-to-treat analysis, adherence to the exercise regimen remained high from 84% in Week 1 to 72% in Week 6. Radiation therapy, time since cancer treatment, medical difficulties, and technical difficulties were all found to be predictive of poorer adherence at Week 6. A statistically significant improvement was found for composite, emotional, and physical MDADI subscales.

Conclusions
When using an mHealth system with sEMG biofeedback, adherence rates to home-based swallowing exercise remained at or above 72% over a 6-week treatment period. Dysphagia-specific quality of life improved following this 6-week treatment program.
Changes in the Daily Phonotrauma Index Following the Use of Voice Therapy as the Sole Treatment for Phonotraumatic Vocal Hyperfunction in Females
Authors: Van Stan Jarrad H. , Ortiz Andrew J. , Marks Katherine L. , Toles Laura E. , Mehta Daryush D. , Burns James A. , Hron Tiffiny , Stadelman-Cohen Tara , Krusemark Carol , Muise Jason , Fox Annie B. , Nudelman Charles , Zeitels Steven , Hillman Robert E. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
The aim of this study was to use the Daily Phonotrauma Index (DPI) to quantify group-based changes in the daily voice use of patients with phonotraumatic vocal hyperfunction (PVH) after receiving voice therapy as the sole treatment. This is part of an ongoing effort to validate an updated theoretical framework for PVH.

Method
A custom-designed ambulatory voice monitor was used to collect 1 week of pre- and posttreatment data from 52 female patients with PVH. Normative weeklong data were also obtained from 52 matched controls. Each week was represented by the DPI, which is a combination of neck-surface acceleration magnitude skewness and the standard deviation of the difference between the first and second harmonic magnitudes.

Results

Compared to pretreatment, the DPI statistically decreased towards normal in the patient group after treatment (Cohen's
d
= −0.25). The posttreatment patient group's DPI was still significantly higher than the control group (
d
= 0.68).

Conclusions
The DPI showed the pattern of improved ambulatory voice use in a group of patients with PVH following voice therapy that was predicted by the updated theoretical framework. Per the prediction, voice therapy was associated with a decreased potential for phonotrauma in daily voice use, but the posttreatment patient group data were still significantly different from the normative control group data. This posttreatment difference is interpreted as reflecting the impact on voice use of the persistence of phonotrauma-induced structural changes to the vocal folds. Further validation of the DPI is needed to better understand its potential clinical use.
Diagnosefehler oder unterlassene Befunderhebung?
Authors: Maus Christian 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Vielschichtigkeit menschlicher Erkrankungen und ihrer Symptome schlägt sich auch in der arzthaftungsrechtlichen Judikatur nieder. Eine Diagnose ist manchmal nur schwer zu stellen, weshalb auch ein Diagnoseirrtum nur mit Zurückhaltung als ärztlicher Behandlungsfehler eingeschätzt wird. Anders hingegen wird der Befunderhebungsfehler beurteilt, der grundsätzlich zumindest als einfacher Behandlungsfehler einzuschätzen ist. Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet die rechtlichen Kriterien der Abgrenzung zwischen Diagnoseirrtum und unterlassener Befunderhebung und zeigt die Bedeutung der frühzeitigen richtigen Weichenstellung in Arzthaftungsprozessen insbesondere auf der Seite der Behandler auf.