bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ALS‐linked mutations impair UBQLN2 stress‐induced biomolecular condensate assembly in cells
Authors: Riley Julia F. , Fioramonti Peter J. , Rusnock Amber K. , Hehnly Heidi , Castañeda Carlos A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMutations in ubiquilin‐2 (UBQLN2), a ubiquitin‐binding shuttle protein involved in several protein quality control processes, can lead to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We previously found that wild‐type UBQLN2 forms dynamic, membraneless biomolecular condensates upon cellular stress, and undergoes liquid–liquid phase separation in vitro. However, the impact of ALS‐linked mutations on UBQLN2 condensate formation in cells remains unknown. Here, we overexpress mCherry‐fused UBQLN2 with five patient‐derived ALS‐linked mutations and employ live‐cell imaging and photokinetic analysis to investigate how each of these mutations impact stress‐induced UBQLN2 condensate assembly and condensate material properties. Unlike endogenous UBQLN2, exogenously introduced UBQLN2 forms condensates distinct from stress granules. Both wild‐type and mutant UBQLN2 condensates are generally cytoplasmic and liquid‐like. However, mutant UBQLN2 forms fewer stress‐induced UBQLN2 condensates than wild‐type UBQLN2. Exogenously expressed P506T UBQLN2 forms the lowest number of stress‐induced condensates of all UBQLN2 mutants, and these condensates are significantly smaller than those of wild‐type UBQLN2. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) analysis of UBQLN2 condensates revealed higher immobile fractions for UBQLN2 mutants, especially P506T. P497S and P497H mutations differentially impact condensate properties, demonstrating that the effects of ALS‐linked mutations are both position‐ and amino acid‐dependent. Collectively, our data show that disease mutations hinder assembly and alter viscoelastic properties of stress‐induced UBQLN2 condensates, potentially leading to aggregates commonly observed in ALS.
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Comparison of injectable filler locations in men and women: An age‐matched case analysis
Authors: Wang Jordan V. , Valiga Alexander , Albornoz Christian A. , Geronemus Roy G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn recent years, the popularity of fillers has risen significantly. Traditionally, women have undergone the vast majority of cosmetic procedures, but men have steadily shown increasing interest. Recently, significant research has been dedicated to understanding the anatomic differences between male and female facial structures and their clinical aesthetic implications, especially for filler placement. In order to compare actual treatment data to evidence these discussions, we randomly selected 100 cases each of men and women, who were matched for age, and documented their filler placement locations. Facial heat maps were constructed to provide readers with visual evidence. Injections for male cheeks were more inferiomedial, while female cheeks were more superolateral. Men had more jawline fillers, while women had more lip and perioral fillers. Our study builds upon gender‐specific considerations. It is important for physicians to be knowledgeable regarding the unique approaches to fillers in men and women in order to deliver more effective, tailored, and high‐quality care.
Fiber orientation distribution from diffusion MRI: Effects of inaccurate response function calibration
Authors: Guo Fenghua , Tax Chantal M. W. , De Luca Alberto , Viergever Max A. , Heemskerk Anneriet , Leemans Alexander 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposeDiffusion MRI of the brain enables to quantify white matter fiber orientations noninvasively. Several approaches have been proposed to estimate such characteristics from diffusion MRI data with spherical deconvolution being one of the most widely used methods. Spherical deconvolution requires to define––or derive from the data––a response function, which is used to compute the fiber orientation distribution (FOD). Different characteristics of the response function are expected to affect the FOD computation and the subsequent fiber tracking.MethodsIn this work, we explored the effects of inaccuracies in the shape factors of the response function on the FOD characteristics.ResultsWith simulations, we show that the apparent fiber density could be doubled in the presence of underestimated shape factors in the response functions, whereas the overestimation of the shape factor will cause more spurious peaks in the FOD, especially when the signal‐to‐noise ratio is below 15. Moreover, crossing fiber populations with a separation angle smaller than 60° were more sensitive to inaccuracies in the response function than fiber populations with more orthogonal separation angles. Results with in vivo data demonstrate angular deviations in the FODs and spurious peaks as a result of modified shape factors of the response function, while the reconstruction of the main parts of fiber bundles is well preserved.ConclusionsThis work sheds light on how specific aspects of the response function shape can affect the estimated FODs, and highlights the importance of a proper calibration/definition of the response function.
Remote Support for Adults with Intellectual Disability During COVID‐19: From a Caregiver's Perspective
Authors: Wos Klaudia , Kamecka‐Antczak Celina , Szafrański Mateusz 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe reality of people with ID changed during the pandemic COVID‐19. Most institutions supporting people with ID switched to remote work. This required some major adaptation to these individuals' new realities, their immediate families, and facility staff. Supporting and monitoring the quality of life of individuals with disabilities and their family members during a crisis is an essential topic of current research. This research project aimed to explore the experiences of parents of adults with ID in relation to remote support provided by public support agencies. In a qualitative study, the authors used semistructured individual interviews with caregivers of people with ID. Data analysis distinguished the following categories: parents as therapists, organization difficulties, material problems, lack of social contacts, positive solutions, and difficult behavior. The results show the difficulties of parents in balancing professional, domestic, and supporting tasks. The study was the first in Poland to report on the qualitative assessment of remote support for people with ID during COVID‐19. Further, more extensive research is needed to search for solutions that respect the rights of people with disabilities to professional support.
Association of rotating shift work schedules and the use of prescribed sleep medication: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Tucker Philip , Härmä Mikko , Ojajärvi Anneli , Kivimäki Mika , Leineweber Constanze , Oksanen Tuula , Salo Paula , Vahtera Jussi 
Published: June 2021

SummaryWe examined whether working rotating shifts, with or without night work, is associated with the purchase of prescribed sleep medication, and whether the association is dependent on age. Data were obtained from a longitudinal cohort study of Finnish public sector employees who responded to questions on work schedule and background characteristics in 2000, 2004 and 2008. The data were linked to national register data on redeemed prescriptions of hypnotic and sedative medications, with up to 11 years of follow‐up. Age stratified Cox proportional hazard regression models were computed to examine incident use of medication comparing two groups of rotating shift workers (those working shifts that included night shifts and those whose schedules did not include night shifts) with day workers who worked in a similar range of occupations. Shift work with night shifts was associated with increased use of sleep medication in all age groups, after adjustments for sex, occupational status, marital status, alcohol consumption, smoking and physical activity levels (hazard ratio [HR], [95% confidence interval, CI] 1.14 [1.01–1.28] for age group ≤39 years; 1.33 [1.19–1.48] for age group 40–49 years; 1.28 [1.13–1.44] for age group ≥50 years). Shift work without nights was associated with medication use in the two older age groups (HR [95% CI] 1.14 [1.01–1.29] and 1.17 [1.05–1.31] for age groups 40–49 years and >50 years, respectively). These findings suggest that circadian disruption and older age puts rotating shift workers, and especially those who work nights, at increased risk of developing clinically significant levels of sleep problems.
A population‐based psychometric analysis of the insomnia severity index in black women with and without a history of cancer
Authors: Yusufov Miryam , Recklitis Christopher , Zhou Eric S. , Bethea Traci N. , Rosenberg Lynn 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBlack women are under‐represented in insomnia research. Further, cancer treatments increase the risk of late effects, thus affecting the sleep of psychologically and medically vulnerable cancer survivors. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) is widely used, but has not been researched in black women, and research in cancer survivors is limited. Prior studies demonstrate that psychometric properties of the ISI are not consistent across samples. This study examined the internal consistency and factor structure of the ISI in 29,500 participants from the Black Women's Health Study, an epidemiological study of black women in the United States. This cohort included 28,214 women without a cancer history and 1,286 cancer survivors. Exploratory, confirmatory and multigroup analyses were conducted to determine the psychometric properties of the ISI in these groups. The mean ISI score was 7.18 (standard deviation [SD] = 6.82). Findings supported the internal consistency reliability of the ISI in black women with (Ω = 0.896) and without (Ω = 0.892) a cancer history. Exploratory factor analyses supported a one‐factor structure. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that fit of this one‐factor model was not robust in survivors (Satorra‐Bentler chi‐square [χSB2(14)] = 197.78, comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.928, root mean‐square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.143) or in women with no cancer history (χSB2(14) = 2,887.93, CFI = 0.945, RMSEA = 0.121), but the alternative models we examined were not superior. Although factor structures in previous studies have varied considerably, we found a one‐factor structure. Although internal consistency reliability was strong, factor analytic results did not further support the ISI. Inconsistencies in ISI measurement properties across studies may reflect differences in sample sizes and populations.
Factors influencing Chinese consumer attitudes on the safety of aquatic products
Authors: Dai Yunyun , Yuan Yong‐Ming , Yuan Yuan , Zhou Zhen , Zhang Hongyan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDemand for food by Chinese consumers is shifting from necessities to safer food. We conducted an empirical study of 4,221 consumers of aquatic products in China. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting consumer attitudes on the safety of aquatic products using a multinomial ordinal logistic regression model. The majority of the respondents thought the safety of aquatic products was very important, and thus paid more attention to this attribute. Chinese consumers have high preferences for aquatic products. Preference was highest in eastern China, followed by central China, and lowest in western China. Significant factors affecting the attitudes toward aquatic products include the gender, age, and education level of the consumers, consideration for the elderly and children, perceptions of the food safety of aquatic products, and monthly spending on aquatic products. Consideration for the elderly and children and the perceptions of the food safety of aquatic products were the biggest influencing factors.
Distributed and vectorized method of characteristics for fast transient simulations in water distribution systems
Authors: Riaño‐Briceño Gerardo , Sela Lina , Hodges Ben R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractModeling transient flow in networked dynamical systems characterized by hyperbolic partial differential equations (PDEs) is essential to engineering applications. Solutions of hyperbolic PDEs are commonly found using the method of characteristics (MOC), particularly when modeling the water hammer phenomenon in water distribution systems (WDSs), which is critical for design and operation. For applications that require fast modeling, existing methods for speeding up traditional MOC simulations either trade off accuracy for simulation time, or do not scale properly due to memory restrictions and prolonged computational times. This work proposes a novel parallel implementation of the MOC for networked systems, which relies on vectorization and distributed parallel computing to evaluate the transient dynamics of WDSs. The proposed method, referred to as distributed and vectorized MOC (DV‐MOC), relies on aligned memory allocation for vectorization and distributed‐memory parallelization to further accelerate vectorized operations and ensure scalability for arbitrary network topologies. The algorithm has been applied to a WDS from the battle of the sensor networks (BWSN‐II) composed by 14,824 pipes and nearly solution points. Through rigorous analyses, we show that the performance of DV‐MOC surpasses that of sequential MOC, with speeding up factors in the order of thousands for sufficiently dense numerical grids.
Gastric electrical stimulation improves symptoms and need for supplemental nutrition in children with severe nausea and vomiting: A ten‐year experience
Authors: Orsagh‐Yentis Danielle K. , Ryan Kelsey , Hurwitz Nicole , Diefenbach Karen A. , Teich Steven , Mousa Hayat , Bali Neetu , Vaz Karla , Yacob Desale , Di Lorenzo Carlo , Lu Peter L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundGastric electrical stimulation (GES) is a promising therapy for children with severe nausea and vomiting, but information on long‐term outcomes is limited. We sought to evaluate the long‐term efficacy and safety of GES and to describe patient benefit and satisfaction.MethodsUsing a prospective registry, we identified patients aged <21 years treated with GES at our institution between 2009 and 2019. Encounters were selected at baseline prior to GES and at follow‐up at 1 month, 12 months, and the most recent visit. We compared symptoms, route of nutrition, and medication usage at baseline to follow‐up timepoints. Factors associated with improvement were evaluated. We recorded complications and need for battery replacement. We contacted families to administer the Glasgow Children's Benefit Inventory (GCBI) and a parent satisfaction questionnaire.Key ResultsEighty‐five patients (68.2% female, median age 15.8 years) completed a trial of temporary GES due to severe nausea and vomiting. Seventy‐seven (90.6%) had a positive response and underwent permanent stimulator placement. Use of tube feeding or parenteral nutrition (PN) decreased from 72.7% at baseline to 29.9% at the most recent follow‐up (p < 0.001). Higher baseline vomiting severity was associated with the ability to stop supplemental nutrition by 1 month (p < 0.05). Fourteen patients (18.2%) had complications, primarily due to stimulator‐associated discomfort, and 29 (37.7%) required battery replacement. Median GCBI was +52.1, indicating health‐related benefit.Conclusions and InferencesChildren with severe nausea and vomiting treated with GES experienced significant and durable improvement in symptom severity and their ability to tolerate oral nutrition.
WRKY46 promotes ammonium tolerance in Arabidopsis by repressing NUDX9 and indole‐3‐acetic acid‐conjugating genes and by inhibiting ammonium efflux in the root elongation zone
Authors: Di Dong‐Wei , Sun Li , Wang Meng , Wu Jingjing , Kronzucker Herbert J. , Fang Shuang , Chu Jinfang , Shi Weiming , Li Guangjie 
Published: June 2021

Summary

Ammonium (NH4+) is toxic to root growth in most plants, even at moderate concentrations. Transcriptional regulation is one of the most important mechanisms in the response of plants to NH4+ toxicity, but the nature of the involvement of transcription factors (TFs) in this regulation remains unclear.

Here, RNA‐seq analysis was performed on Arabidopsis roots to screen for ammonium‐responsive TFs. WRKY46, the member of the WRKY transcription factor family most responsive to NH4+, was selected. We defined the role of WRKY46 using mutation and overexpression assays, and characterized the regulation of NUDX9 and indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA)‐conjugating genes by WRKY46 via yeast one‐hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation‐quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (ChIP‐qPCR).

Knockout of WRKY46 increased, while overexpression of WRKY46 decreased, NH4+‐suppression of the primary root. WRKY46 is shown to directly bind to the promoters of the NUDX9 and IAA‐conjugating genes (GH3.1, GH3.6, UGT75D1, UGT84B2) and to inhibit their transcription, thus positively regulating free IAA content and stabilizing protein N‐glycosylation, leading to an inhibition of NH4+ efflux in the root elongation zone (EZ).

We identify TF involvement in the regulation of NH4+ efflux in the EZ, and show that WRKY46 inhibits NH4+ efflux by negative regulation of NUDX9 and IAA‐conjugating genes.
RNAi suppression of DNA methylation affects the drought stress response and genome integrity in transgenic poplar
Authors: Sow Mamadou D. , Le Gac Anne‐Laure , Fichot Régis , Lanciano Sophie , Delaunay Alain , Le Jan Isabelle , Lesage‐Descauses Marie‐Claude , Citerne Sylvie , Caius Jose , Brunaud Véronique , Soubigou‐Taconnat Ludivine , Cochard Hervé , Segura Vincent , Chaparro Cristian , Grunau Christoph , Daviaud Christian , Tost Jörg , Brignolas Franck , Strauss Steven H. , Mirouze Marie , Maury Stéphane 
Published: June 2021

Summary

Trees are long‐lived organisms that continuously adapt to their environments, a process in which epigenetic mechanisms are likely to play a key role. Via downregulation of the chromatin remodeler DECREASED IN DNA METHYLATION 1 (DDM1) in poplar (Populus tremula × Populus alba) RNAi lines, we examined how DNA methylation coordinates genomic and physiological responses to moderate water deficit.

We compared the growth and drought response of two RNAi‐ddm1 lines to wild‐type (WT) trees under well‐watered and water deficit/rewatering conditions, and analyzed their methylomes, transcriptomes, mobilomes and phytohormone contents in the shoot apical meristem.

The RNAi‐ddm1 lines were more tolerant to drought‐induced cavitation but did not differ in height or stem diameter growth. About 5000 differentially methylated regions were consistently detected in both RNAi‐ddm1 lines, colocalizing with 910 genes and 89 active transposable elements. Under water deficit conditions, 136 differentially expressed genes were found, including many involved in phytohormone pathways; changes in phytohormone concentrations were also detected. Finally, the combination of hypomethylation and drought led to the mobility of two transposable elements.

Our findings suggest major roles for DNA methylation in regulation of genes involved in hormone‐related stress responses, and the maintenance of genome integrity through repression of transposable elements.
“Accutane Check”: Insights into youth sentiment toward isotretinoin from a TikTok trend
Authors: Galamgam Jayden , Jia Justin L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSocial media platforms such as TikTok allow patients to exchange and share health information. In this study, we sought to understand how teenagers and young adults utilize TikTok to engage with acne and isotretinoin information. Analysis of the top 50 TikTok videos on an isotretinoin trend demonstrated over 18‐million likes and 137‐thousand comments. Most videos focused on before and after improvement in acne severity while video comments primarily discussed side effects and personal anecdotes. Dermatologists should be aware of trending content on social media to better understand how youth patients and patient's families may receive medical information regarding isotretinoin outside of dermatology clinics.
Is the Universe Indifferent? Should We Care
Authors: Kahane Guy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe scientific worldview is often claimed to reveal a universe chillingly indifferent to human suffering. But it’s unclear what it means to describe the universe as indifferent, or what a non‐indifferent universe would be like. I suggest that the relevant contrast isn’t simply that between God and His absence, nor is the complaint about indifference focused on the lack of a kind of cosmic concern. At its heart is the idea of a mismatch between world and value. Although the causal forces governing our world are ‘blind’, they nevertheless do partly align with value. Still, our world is so arranged that senseless suffering is depressingly common, and the rosy non‐indifferent counterfactual won’t contain such evil. I argue, however, that it is a mistake to long for such an alternative: it must either involve an upside‐down moral order, or would be a world from which we, and those who senselessly suffer, will be absent.
Distress and retaliatory aggression in response to witnessing intergroup exclusion are greater on higher levels of collective narcissism
Authors: Hase Adrian , Behnke Maciej , Mazurkiewicz Magdalena , Wieteska Kamil Kordian , Golec de Zavala Agnieszka 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe negative consequences of personal exclusion have been demonstrated by multiple studies. Less is known about the consequences of witnessing one's own group being excluded by other groups, although studies suggest exclusion can be experienced vicariously and negatively affects members of the excluded group. Results of the present lab‐based experiment (N = 153) indicate, in line with our predictions, that witnessing intergroup exclusion (a national majority excluded by a minority, manipulated by an adapted intergroup Cyberball paradigm) produced a sense of personal exclusion. It also increased self‐reported distress and behavioral aggression measured in the Taylor Aggression Paradigm), especially among participants high on collective narcissism: a belief that the exaggerated greatness of the in‐group is not sufficiently appreciated by others. Contrary to expectations, a short mindful decentration intervention (instructing participants to observe thoughts and emotions as transient mental products without engaging with them) delivered while participants were witnessing intergroup exclusion (vs. inclusion) produced changes in heart rate variability reactivity indicative of emotional arousal, especially among collective narcissists. We concluded that collective narcissism is associated with distress in the face of intergroup exclusion, aggressive retaliation, and in consequence, it is a risk‐factor predisposing group members to stress‐related health and psychosocial problems. Furthermore, a mindful decentration, despite being an effective strategy to reduce maladaptive stress in most people, may be counterproductive in addressing high collective narcissists' responses to threat to the in‐group's image.