bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical treatment for hepatitis C reverses CYP2C19 inhibition
Authors: Pippa Leandro Francisco , Vieira Carolina Pinto , Caris Juciene Aparecida , Rocha Adriana , Garcia Camile Prates , Rezende Rosamar Eulira Fontes , Lanchote Vera Lucia 
Published: March 2021

AimsInfection by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) generates inflammatory response selectively modulating cytochrome P450 protein (CYP) activities. This study assessed the effect of chronic hepatitis C on CYP2C19 activity in patients with HCV.MethodsPatients with HCV infection (n = 23) at different fibrosis stages were allocated into groups 1 (F0/F1 and F2, mild to moderate fibrosis) and 2 (F3 and F4, advanced fibrosis stages). Phase 1 was conducted before the treatment with direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) and phase 2 after the sustained virological response. Participants were administered 2 mg of a single oral dose of omeprazole (OME) as probe drug in both phases. Metabolic ratios (MRs) (plasma samples collected at 4 h after OME administration) were calculated by dividing plasma concentrations of 5‐hydroxyomeprazole by OME.ResultsThe MRs for group 1 were 0.45 (0.34–0.60, 90% confidence interval) and 0.69 (0.50–0.96) for phases 1 and 2, respectively, while the MRs for group 2 were 0.25 (0.21–0.31) and 0.41 (0.30–0.56) for phases 1 and 2, respectively. MRs were different (P < .05) between phases 1 and 2 for both groups, as well as between groups 1 and 2 in phase 1, but not in phase 2 (P > .05).ConclusionsBoth groups presented different MRs before and after treatment with DAAs, evidencing that CYP2C19 inhibition during inflammation was at least partially reversed after DAA treatment. Groups 1 and 2 were also found to be different in phase 1 but not phase 2, showing that CYP2C19 metabolic activity does not differ between groups after DAA treatment.
The Grade‐Level and Cumulative Outcomes of Absenteeism
Authors: Ansari Arya , Gottfried Michael A. 
Published: March 2021

Nationally representative data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Kindergarten Class of 2011 (n = 14,370) were used to examine the grade‐level and cumulative outcomes of school absenteeism between kindergarten and fifth grade for students’ school performance in the United States. Students who were more frequently absent in any year of elementary school demonstrated lower academic, executive function, and socioemotional outcomes. Although there was little variation in the magnitude of associations across grade levels, there was evidence of cumulative associations. Specifically, students who were consistently absent throughout elementary school tended to have lower outcomes across developmental domains in the long‐term. The negative links between absenteeism and outcomes were larger for Black than White students, but few other subgroup differences emerged.
Reducing adverse events associated with the glucagon stimulation test for the assessment of growth hormone deficiency in adults with a high prevalence of pituitary hormone deficiencies
Authors: Gogna Reetu , Jung Caroline , McLachlan Kylie , Krishnamurthy Balasubramanian , Hong Alice , Derbyshire Maresa , Kiburg Katerina V. , Zacharin Margaret , MacIsaac Richard J. , Sachithanandan Nirupa , Caputo Carmela 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDesignA retrospective review of the adverse events (AEs) in 78 patients during the glucagon stimulation test (GST) for the assessment of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) before and after protocol amendments which aimed to reduce AEs in a group of patients with a high prevalence of pituitary hormone deficiencies.PatientsBased on our observations of frequent AEs during the standard GST protocol in an initial 25 patients (cohort 1), a modified protocol was introduced to include the routine administration of 20 mg of hydrocortisone pre‐GST in a subsequent 53 patients (cohort 2). Post hoc analysis of the effect of glucocorticoid dosing pre‐GST on AEs was examined in those receiving <20 mg hydrocortisone (group A, n = 19) vs ≥20 mg hydrocortisone (group B, n = 59).MeasurementsAEs including hypotension, hypoglycaemia and nausea/vomiting.ResultsOf the 78 patients undergoing the GST, 79% had ≥2 hormone deficiencies. Rates of AEs were 41% vs 30% for hypotension, 60% vs 28% for hypoglycaemia (p < .05) and 20% vs 13% for nausea/vomiting in cohort 1 compared with cohort 2, respectively. Post hoc analysis revealed lower rates of AEs in those receiving ≥20 mg hydrocortisone (group B) compared to those receiving <20 mg due to a reduction in hypoglycaemic events (82% vs 26%, p < .001) and hypotension (50% vs 27%, p = .05). Similar numbers of patients in group A and group B met criteria for GHD.ConclusionsIn patients with a high prevalence of pituitary deficiencies, a modified GST protocol of additional stress dose glucocorticoid attenuated the frequency of AEs without appearing to compromise the performance of the GST.
European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies (ESSCA): Characteristics of patients patch tested and diagnosed with irritant contact dermatitis
Authors: Loman Laura , Uter Wolfgang , Armario‐Hita José C. , Ayala Fabio , Balato Anna , Ballmer‐Weber Barbara K. , Bauer Andrea , Bircher Andreas J. , Buhl Timo , Czarnecka‐Operacz Magdalena , Dickel Heinrich , Fuchs Thomas , Giménez Arnau Ana , John Swen M. , Kränke Birger , Kręcisz Beata , Mahler Vera , Rustemeyer Thomas , Sadowska‐Przytocka Anna , Sánchez‐Pérez Javier , Scherer Hofmeier Kathrin , Schliemann Sibylle , Simon Dagmar , Spiewak Radoslaw , Spring Philip , Valiukevičienė Skaidra , Wagner Nicola , Weisshaar Elke , Pesonen Maria , Schuttelaar Marie L. A. ,   ESSCA Working Group
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundIrritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is caused by the acute locally toxic effect of a strong irritant, or the cumulative exposure to various weaker physical and/or chemical irritants.ObjectivesTo describe the characteristics of patients with ICD in the population patch tested in the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies (ESSCA;www.essca-dc.org) database.MethodsData collected by the ESSCA in consecutively patch tested patients from January 2009 to December 2018 were analyzed.ResultsOf the 68 072 patients, 8702 were diagnosed with ICD (without concomitant allergic contact dermatitis [ACD]). Hand and face were the most reported anatomical sites, and 45.7% of the ICD was occupational ICD (OICD). The highest proportions of OICD were found in metal turners, bakers, pastry cooks, and confectionery makers. Among patients diagnosed with ICD, 45% were found sensitized with no relevance for the current disease.ConclusionsThe hands were mainly involved in OICD also in the subgroup of patients with contact dermatitis, in whom relevant contact sensitization had been ruled out, emphasizing the need for limiting irritant exposures. However, in difficult‐to‐treat contact dermatitis, unrecognized contact allergy, or unrecognized clinical relevance of identified allergies owing to incomplete or wrong product ingredient information must always be considered.
Effectiveness of noninvasive ventilation in COVID‐19 related‐acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Menzella Francesco , Barbieri Chiara , Fontana Matteo , Scelfo Chiara , Castagnetti Claudia , Ghidoni Giulia , Ruggiero Patrizia , Livrieri Francesco , Piro Roberto , Ghidorsi Luca , Montanari Gloria , Gibellini Giorgia , Casalini Eleonora , Falco Francesco , Catellani Chiara , Facciolongo Nicola 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionDuring this long COVID‐19 pandemic outbreak, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and noninvasive ventilation (NIV) are being widely used to treat patients with moderate to severe acute respiratory failure (ARF). As for now, data on the efficacy of NIV in COVID‐19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are lacking, and for this reason it is extremely important to accurately determine the outcomes of this strategy. This study aimed to evaluate clinical data and outcomes of NIV in patients with COVID‐19 ARDS.Matherials and methodsSeventy‐nine consecutive patients with sudden worsening of respiratory failure were evaluated. All patients (71% male) had a confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and signs, symptoms and radiological findings compatible with COVID‐19 pneumonia and all of them underwent a trial of NIV. Primary outcomes were NIV success and failure defined by intubation and mortality rate. Secondary outcome was the duration of NIV.ResultsNIV was successful in 38 (48.1%) patients (Table 1). EOT was necessary in 21 patients (26.6%). Death occurred in 20 patients (25.3%). In the group of patients having failed a trial with NIV and then being intubated, compared to those who continued NIV, there was no higher mortality rate. By evaluating the ICU survival outcome of the subgroup of patients intubated after NIV, 57% of the patients were discharged and 43% died.ConclusionPrevious studies conducted on patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation showed higher mortality rate than the present study. Our data showed that NIV can avoid intubation in almost half of the patients. Therefore, this data could reassure clinicians who would consider using NIV in COVID‐19 ARDS‐related treatment.
High fire frequency and the impact of the 2019–2020 megafires on Australian plant diversity
Authors: Gallagher Rachael V. , Allen Stuart , Mackenzie Berin D. E. , Yates Colin J. , Gosper Carl R. , Keith David A. , Merow Cory , White Matthew D. , Wenk Elizabeth , Maitner Brian S. , He Kang , Adams Vanessa M. , Auld Tony D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo quantify the impact of the 2019–2020 megafires on Australian plant diversity by assessing burnt area across 26,062 species ranges and the effects of fire history on recovery potential. Further, to exemplify a strategic approach to prioritizing plant species affected by fire for recovery actions and conservation planning at a national scale.LocationAustralia.MethodsWe combine data on geographic range, fire extent, response traits and fire history to assess the proportion of species ranges burnt in both the 2019–2020 fires and the past.ResultsAcross Australia, suitable habitat for 69% of all plant species was burnt (17,197 species) by the 2019–2020 fires and herbarium specimens confirm the presence of 9,092 of these species across the fire extent since 1950. Burnt ranges include those of 587 plants listed as threatened under national legislation (44% of Australia's threatened plants). A total of 3,998 of the 17,197 fire‐affected species are known to resprout after fire, but at least 2,928 must complete their entire life cycle—from germinant to reproducing adult—prior to subsequent fires, as they are killed by fire. Data on previous fires show that, for 257 species, the historical intervals between fire events across their range are likely too short to allow regeneration. For a further 411 species, future fires during recovery will increase extinction risk as current populations are dominated by immature individuals.Main conclusionMany Australian plant species have strategies to persist under certain fire regimes, and will recover given time, suitable conditions and low exposure to threats. However, short fire intervals both before and after the 2019–2020 fire season pose a serious risk to the recovery of at least 595 species. Persistent knowledge gaps about species fire response and post‐fire population persistence threaten the effective long‐term management of Australian vegetation in an increasingly pyric world.
First genomic prediction and genome‐wide association for complex growth‐related traits in Rock Bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus)
Authors: Gong Jie , Zhao Ji , Ke Qiaozhen , Li Bijun , Zhou Zhixiong , Wang Jiaying , Zhou Tao , Zheng Weiqiang , Xu Peng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRock Bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) is an important aquaculture species for offshore cage aquaculture and fish stocking of marine ranching in East Asia. Genomic selection has the potential to expedite genetic gain for the key target traits of a breeding program, but has not yet been evaluated in Oplegnathus. The purposes of the present study were to explore the performance of genomic selection to improve breeding value accuracy through real data analyses using six statistical models and to carry out genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) to dissect the genetic architecture of economically vital growth‐related traits (body weight, total length, and body depth) in the O. fasciatus population. After quality control, genotypes for 16,162 SNPs were acquired for 455 fish. Heritability was estimated to be moderate for the three traits (0.38 for BW, 0.33 for TL, and 0.24 for BD), and results of GWAS indicated that the underlying genetic architecture was polygenic. Six statistic models (GBLUP, BayesA, BayesB, BayesC, Bayesian Ridge‐Regression, and Bayesian LASSO) showed similar performance for the predictability of genomic estimated breeding value (GEBV). The low SNP density (around 1 K selected SNP based on GWAS) is sufficient for accurate prediction on the breeding value for the three growth‐related traits in the current studied population, which will provide a good compromise between genotyping costs and predictability in such standard breeding populations advanced. These consequences illustrate that the employment of genomic selection in O. fasciatus breeding could provide advantages for the selection of breeding candidates to facilitate complex economic growth traits.
Narrow‐spectrum artificial light silences female fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)
Authors: Owens Avalon C.S. , Lewis Sara M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe rapid spread of artificial light at night (ALAN) poses myriad problems for nocturnal biodiversity.Bioluminescent taxa that communicate via glowing lures, warning signals, or courtship advertisements may have their signals obscured by artificial illumination, unless the added light is spectrally tuned to reduce its impact.Previous research has demonstrated that broad‐spectrum white light inhibits the production of courtship advertisements by male firefly beetles, yet the impact of varying wavelengths of artificial light on both members of the courtship dialogue is largely unknown.We exposed courting pairs ofPhotinus obscurellusfireflies to five colours of downwelling illumination, at two intensities, and recorded changes in male flash rate and flash intensity, female responsiveness, and the flash pattern composition of both sexes.All artificial light treatments significantly suppressed courtship activity.Bright amber light had the greatest impact, suggesting that ALAN which most overlaps the spectrum of firefly bioluminescence will most disrupt firefly courtship.Our findings contradict similar investigations of non‐bioluminescent taxa and raise concerns about the possibility of a universal standard for ecologically sustainable ALAN.
Retracted: Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia admitted to an intensive care unit in Faisalabad, Pakistan
Authors: Gul Noor , Usman Umer , Ahmed Umair , Ali Majid , Shaukat Aamir , Imran Mehar Muhammad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of adult patients with severe COVID‐19, with the exploration of risk factors for mortality in the hospital.MethodsThis study included 20 adult patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 admitted to the ICU of DHQ Hospital, Faisalabad (Pakistan). Patients were categorised into the survival group and the death group according to the outcome. We retrieved demographics, clinical manifestations and signs, laboratory indicators, treatment measures and clinical outcomes from the medical record, and summarised the clinical characteristics and outcomes of these patients.ResultsThe average age of patients was 70 ± 12 years, of which 40% were male. They were admitted to the ICU 11 days after the onset of symptoms. The most common symptoms on admission were cough (19 cases, 95%), fatigue or myalgia (18 cases, 90%), fever (17 cases, 85%) and dyspnoea (16 cases, 80%). Eleven (55%) patients had underlying diseases, of which hypertension was the most common (11 cases, 55%), followed by cardiovascular disease (4 cases, 20%) and diabetes (3 cases, 15%). Six patients (30%) received invasive mechanical ventilation and continuous renal replacement therapy and eventually died. Acute heart injury was the most common complication (19 cases, 95%). Ten (50%) patients died between 2 and 19 days after admission to the ICU. Compared with dead patients, the average body weight of surviving patients was lower (61.70 ± 2.36 vs 68.60 ± 7.15, P = .01), Glasgow Coma Scale score was higher (14.69 ± 0.70 vs 12.70 ± 2.45, P = .03), with fewer concurrent shocks (2 vs 10, P = .001) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (2 vs 10, P = .001).ConclusionThe mortality rate is high in critically ill patients with COVID‐19. Lower Glasgow Coma Scale, higher body weight and decreased lymphocyte count appear to be potential risk factors for the death of patients with COVID‐19 in the ICU.
Circular RNA VRK1 facilitates pre‐eclampsia progression via sponging miR‐221‐3P to regulate PTEN/Akt
Authors: Li Ziwei , Zhou Xinyi , Gao Wenyan , Sun Manni , Chen Haiying , Meng Tao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPre‐eclampsia (PE) is a worldwide pregnancy‐related disorder. It is mainly characterized by defect migration and invasion of trophoblast cells. Recently, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been believed to play a vital role in PE. The expression patterns and the biological functions of circRNAs in PE remain elusive. Here, we performed a circRNA microarray to identify putative PE‐related circRNAs. Bioinformatics analyses were used to screen the circRNAs which have potential relationships with pre‐eclampsia, and we identified a novel circRNA (circVRK1) that was up‐regulated in PE placenta tissues. By using HTR‐8/SVneo cells, circVRK1 knockdown significantly enhanced cell migration and invasion abilities, as well as epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mechanistically, we found that circVRK1 and PTEN could function as the ceRNAs to miR‐221‐3p. Overexpression of miR‐221‐3p promoted cell migration, invasion and EMT via regulating PTEN. The cotransfection of miR‐221‐3p inhibitor or PTEN reversed the effect from circVRK1 knockdown. Moreover, the circVRK1/miR‐221‐3p/PTEN axis greatly regulated Akt phosphorylation. In general, circVRK1 suppresses trophoblast cell migration, invasion and EMT, by acting as a ceRNA to miR‐221‐3p to regulate PTEN, and further inhibit PI3K/Akt activation. The purpose of this paper is to open wide insights to investigate the onset of PE and provide new potential therapeutic targets in PE.
Sequence and Properties of Cagein, a Coiled‐Coil Scaffold Protein Linking Basal Bodies in the Polykinetids of the Ciliate Euplotesaediculatus
Authors: Kloetzel John A. , Aubusson‐Fleury Anne , Butler Maurice D. , Banerjee Deben , Mozzicafreddo Matteo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the hypotrich ciliate Euplotes, many individual basal bodies are grouped together in tightly packed clusters, forming ventral polykinetids. These groups of basal bodies (which produce compound ciliary organelles such as cirri and oral membranelles) are cross‐linked into ordered arrays by scaffold structures known as “basal‐body cages.” The major protein comprising Euplotes cages has been previously identified and termed “cagein.” Screening a E. aediculatus cDNA expression library with anti‐cagein antisera identified a DNA insert containing most of a putative cagein gene; standard PCR techniques were used to complete the sequence. Probes designed from this gene identified a macronuclear “nanochromosome” of ca. 1.5 kb in Southern blots against whole‐cell DNA. The protein derived from this sequence (463 residues) is predicted to be hydrophilic and highly charged; however, the native cage structures are highly resistant to salt/detergent extraction. This insolubility could be explained by the coiled‐coil regions predicted to extend over much of the length of the derived cagein polypeptide. One frameshift sequence is found within the gene, as well as a short intron. BLAST searches find many ciliates with evident homologues to cagein within their derived genomic sequences.
Efficacy of biostimulatory ozone therapy: Case report and literature review
Authors: Lacerda Adrienne Coelho , Grillo Ricardo , de Barros Tarley Eloi Pessoa , Martins Camila Bortolotti , de Carvalho Luposeli Flávio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe search for ever more lasting and safe aesthetic modalities is a constant. For this reason, biostimulation is finding more and more space in clinics; relatively simple, effective, and safe procedures, a procedure that delivers what it promises. Biostimulation is nothing more than an increase in collagen production, primarily type I, with the aim of facial or body rejuvenation.AimsEvaluated some years ago as remarkable antimicrobial therapy, today it gains notoriety for its versatility in other areas, one of which is biostimulation, which has been growing. This paper aims to report a case of biostimulation through ozone therapy, as well as the protocol used, its indications, and contraindications.Patients/MethodsA case report of rejuvenation with ozone therapy and a literature review.ResultsAmong biostimulatory treatments available, one has been gaining space among professionals and scientific recognition, ozone therapy.ConclusionIt is a promising aesthetic therapeutic modality with efficient and safe results and high patient compliance and satisfaction.
Intersectional Differences in Protective School Assets by Sexuality, Gender, Race/Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Coulter Robert W. S. , Paglisotti Taylor , Montano Gerald , Bodnar Kaitlin , Bersamin Melina , Russell Stephen T. , Hill Ashley V. , Mair Christina , Miller Elizabeth 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundSchool assets—such as connectedness, caring relationships with adults, high behavioral expectations from adults, and meaningful participation—are associated with positive outcomes for adolescents. However, little is known about how school assets differ among adolescents with intersecting marginalized identities.MethodsWe used the 2013‐2014 California Healthy Kids Survey (N = 320,462 students) to examine differences in school assets with respect to sexuality, gender, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status using adjusted multilevel linear regression models.ResultsSexual minority, gender minority, racial/ethnic minority, and low socioeconomic status adolescents had significantly lower protective school assets. For all outcomes, the differences between sexual minority and heterosexual adolescents were more pronounced among nontransgender girls than nontransgender boys; however, these differences were not consistently present among racial/ethnic minority students. For school connectedness and meaningful participation, differences for racial/ethnic minorities versus white adolescents were more pronounced among nontransgender girls than nontransgender boys. Differences between transgender adolescents and nontransgender boys were more pronounced for white adolescents compared to some other racial/ethnic minority students. Overall, adolescents with certain multiple marginalized identities had lower school assets.ConclusionsInterventions are needed to strengthen school assets among marginalized students, thereby helping mitigate health and education inequities.