bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Auslegung von Photovoltaik‐Warmfassaden mit Phasenwechselmaterialien (PCM)
Authors: Popp Christian , Weiß Dirk , Tribulowski Katja , Weller Bernhard 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPhotovoltaik (PV) in Warmfassaden erwärmt sich stark, wodurch ihr Wirkungsgrad sinkt. Phasenwechselmaterialien (PCMs) können dies kompensieren, da sie eine große Menge Wärmeenergie beim Schmelzen absorbieren und dabei die Temperatur wahren. Die Vielzahl an PCMs und Schmelzbereichen und die individuellen Einstrahlungs‐ und Temperaturverläufe erfordern jedoch eine fallspezifische Auslegung einer PV‐PCM‐Fassade. Hierfür wird ein Auslegungstool, basierend auf thermischen und elektrischen Berechnungsmodellen, entwickelt. Die Modelle wurden einzeln validiert und eine Ertragsstudie zeigt die Wirkung der PCMs. Eine ganzheitliche Validierung des Tools soll mit Messdaten von PV‐PCM‐Fassadenteststände in Dresden und Athen ermöglicht werden.Design of photovoltaic warm facades with phase change materials. Photovoltaics (PV) in warm facades heat up significantly, which reduces their efficiency. Phase change materials (PCMs) can compensate for this, as they absorb a large amount of thermal energy during melting while maintaining the temperature. However, the large number of PCMs and melting ranges and the individual irradiation and temperature curves require a case‐specific design of a PV‐PCM facade. A design tool based on thermal and electrical calculation models is being developed for this purpose. The models were validated individually and a yield study shows the effect of the PCMs. A holistic validation of the tool shall be enabled with measurement data from PV‐PCM facade test rigs in Dresden and Athens.
Developing the Low‐Temperature Oxidation Mechanism of Cyclopentane: An Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Shi Zaifa , Jiang Yihuang , Yu Jingxiong , Chen Shanjun , Chen Jun , Tang Zichao , Zheng Lansun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAt present, the reactivity of cyclic alkanes is estimated by comparison with acyclic hydrocarbons. Due to the difference in the structure of cycloalkanes and acycloalkanes, the thermodynamic data obtained by analogy are not applicable. In this study, a molecular beam sampling vacuum ultraviolet photoionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (MB‐VUV‐PI‐TOFMS) was applied to study the low‐temperature oxidation of cyclopentane (CPT) at a total pressure range from 1–3 atm and low‐temperature range between 500 and 800 K. Low‐temperature reaction products including cyclic olefins, cyclic ethers, and highly oxygenated intermediates (e. g., ketohydroperoxide KHP, keto‐dihydroperoxide KDHP, olefinic hydroperoxides OHP and ketone structure products) were observed. Further investigation of the oxidation of CPT – electronic structure calculations – were carried out at the UCCSD(T)‐F12a/aug‐cc‐pVDZ//B3LYP/6‐31+ G(d,p) level to explore the reactivity of O2 molecules adding sequentially to cyclopentyl radicals. Experimental and theoretical observations showed that the dominant product channel in the reaction of CPT radicals with O2 is HO2 elimination yielding cyclopentene. The pathways of second and third O2 addition – the dissociation of hydroperoxide – were further confirmed. The results of this study will develop the low‐temperature oxidation mechanism of CPT, which can be used for future research on accurately simulating the combustion process of CPT.
Understanding the Influence of Donor‐Acceptor Diazo Compounds on the Catalyst Efficiency of B(C6F5)3 Towards Carbene Formation
Authors: Babaahmadi Rasool , Dasgupta Ayan , Hyland Christopher J. T. , Yates Brian F. , Melen Rebecca L. , Ariafard Alireza 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDiazo compounds have been largely used as carbene precursors for carbene transfer reactions in a variety of functionalization reactions. However, the ease of carbene generation from the corresponding diazo compounds depends upon the electron donating/withdrawing substituents either side of the diazo functionality. These groups strongly impact the ease of N2 release. Recently, tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane [B(C6F5)3] has been shown to be an alternative transition metal‐free catalyst for carbene transfer reactions. Herein, a density functional theory (DFT) study on the generation of carbene species from α‐aryl α‐diazocarbonyl compounds using catalytic amounts of B(C6F5)3 is reported. The significant finding is that the efficiency of the catalyst depends directly on the nature of the substituents on both the aryl ring and the carbonyl group of the substrate. In some cases, the boron catalyst has negligible effect on the ease of the carbene formation, while in other cases there is a dramatic reduction in the activation energy of the reaction. This direct dependence is not commonly observed in catalysis and this finding opens the way for intelligent design of this and other similar catalytic reactions.
Merging of a Perylene Moiety Enables a RuII Photosensitizer with Long‐Lived Excited States and the Efficient Production of Singlet Oxygen
Authors: Schmid Marie‐Ann , Brückmann Jannik , Bösking Julian , Nauroozi Djawed , Karnahl Michael , Rau Sven , Tschierlei Stefanie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInvited for the front cover of this issue are Stefanie Tschierlei, Sven Rau and co‐workers. The image shows the fusion of an organic chromophore with a RuII polypyridine moiety resulting in a unique bichromophoric photosensitizer. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202103609.
Chiral Dienes: From Ligands to FLP Catalysts
Authors: Feng Xiangqing , Meng Wei , Du Haifeng 
Published: December 2021

Comprehensive SummaryOlefins are very easily accessible compounds which are both popular substrates in synthetic chemistry and good ligands in the organometallic complexes. This dual character makes olefins a rich source of chiral ligands and catalysts for asymmetric catalysis. Herein, we will briefly summarize our studies on the development of chiral diene ligands for transition‐metal catalyzed asymmetric reactions and chiral FLP catalysts for asymmetric metal‐free hydrogenations and hydrosilylations. Several acyclic chiral diene ligands as well as P/olefin and S/olefin hybrid ligands were developed for Rh or Pd‐catalyzed asymmetric reactions. With these ligands in hand, we further put forward a novel strategy for acquiring chiral FLP catalysts via the in situ hydroboration of chiral dienes with Piers’ borane. These catalysts proved to be highly effective for asymmetric metal‐free hydrogenations and hydrosilylations of imines, silyl enol ethers, ketones, and aromatic N‐heterocycles.
What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?The development of acyclic dienes both as chiral ligands and as precursors of chiral FLP catalysts.How do you get into this specific field? Could you please share some experiences with our readers?When I started my independent research in 2008, chiral olefins belong to one novel ligand type. We got into the field with the thought of the simpler the better. This experience further led us to step into FLP catalysis.What is the most important personality for scientific research?Courage and persistence of doing something unique.What are your hobbies?Walking and playing cards.How do you keep balance between research and family?Life is not only research, but also family. You believe it, the balance is there.What is your favorite journal(s)?My favorite journal is Organic Letters, in which authors can publish their work rapidly and readers can browse the progress of organic chemistry comprehensively.
Differential effects of experimental glaucoma on intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells in mice
Authors: Gao Jingyi , Griner Erin M. , Liu Mingna , Moy Joanna , Provencio Ignacio , Liu Xiaorong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGlaucoma is a group of eye diseases characterized by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss and optic nerve damage. Studies, including this study, support that RGCs degenerate and die in a type‐specific manner following the disease insult. Here we specifically examined one RGC type, the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell (ipRGC), and its associated functional deficits in a mouse model of experimental glaucoma. We induced chronic ocular hypertension (OHT) by laser photocoagulation and then characterized the survival of ipRGC subtypes. We found that ipRGCs suffer significant loss, similar to the general RGC population, but ipRGC subtypes are differentially affected following chronic OHT. M4 ipRGCs, which are involved in pattern vision, are susceptible to chronic OHT. Correspondingly, mice with chronic OHT experience reduced contrast sensitivity and visual acuity. By comparison, M1 ipRGCs, which project to the suprachiasmatic nuclei to regulate circadian rhythmicity, exhibit almost no cell loss following chronic OHT. Accordingly, we observed that circadian re‐entrainment and circadian rhythmicity are largely not disrupted in OHT mice. Our study demonstrates the link between subtype‐specific ipRGC survival and behavioral deficits in glaucomatous mice. These findings provide insight into glaucoma‐induced visual behavioral deficits and their underlying mechanisms.
An energy‐efficient priority‐based packet scheduling mechanism for enhancing quality of service in mobile ad hoc network
Authors: Bhavadharini Reddipalayam Murugeshan , Karthik Subburathinam , Sabitha Rajagopal 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn today's world, a mobile ad hoc network plays a predominant role for numerous applications such as education, entertainment, emergency services, tactical services, and home applications. The performance of IEEE 802.11 based wireless ad hoc networks degrades due to high contention for the shared medium among multiple ad hoc nodes. However, the shared medium can be accessed by multiple nodes, which causes link collisions and packet drop at the link level. These kinds of packet drops have a direct impact on the overall performance of the transmission control protocol (TCP). In this article, a new robust prioritized packet scheduling with adaptive backoff window (PPSAB) mechanism has been proposed to enhance the quality of service of TCP in the wireless scenario. In order to determine the congestion in the network, the proposed PPSAB mechanism anticipates the cross‐layer parameters instead of transport layer parameters. The proposed access scheme assures minimized collisions and energy by setting the node level access to prevailing network parameters. The performance of the proposed PPSAB has been evaluated using an NS‐2 environment and the results manifest that the normalized overhead is reduced by 20% and network throughput is increased by 17% than the existing methods.
R‐ICTS: Recognize the Indian cautionary traffic signs in real‐time using an optimized adaptive boosting cascade classifier and a convolutional neural network
Authors: Satti Satish Kumar , K Suganya Devi , P Srinivasan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCautionary traffic signs are of immense significance to traffic safety. In this study, a robust and optimal real‐time approach to recognize the Indian cautionary traffic signs (ICTS) is proposed. ICTS are all triangles with a white backdrop, a red border, and a black pattern. A dataset of 34,000 real‐time images has been acquired under various environmental conditions and categorized into 40 distinct classes. Pre‐processing techniques are used to transform RGB images to gray‐scale images and enhance contrast in images for superior performance. To find the ICTS, an optimized adaptive boosting cascade classifier is used. To classify the specific category of signs found by the optimized adaptive boosting cascade classifier, an 11‐layer CNN model is built. Finally, using computer vision methods, this model is tested in real‐time. Evaluation metrics such as precision, recall, F1 measure, error rate, and mAP are expressed on the ICTS, GTSDB, LISA, STSD, and DITS‐based datasets to evaluate the proposed method and compare the results of predictions with other investigations. When compared to other state‐of‐the‐art objects detection models such as SSD, YOLOv3, and Faster RCNN, the proposed model outperformed them all, with a precision of 97.15%, recall rate of 96.74%, an error rate of 3.26%, f1‐score of 96.94%, and mAP@0.5IoU of 95.6%. (Dataset available: 10.21227/yy4h‐rc98)
False positive repression: Data centric pipeline for object detection in brain MRI
Authors: Terzi Ramazan , Azginoglu Nuh , Terzi Duygu Sinanc 
Published: December 2021

SummaryOne of the problems that often arise during the application of medical research to real life is the high number of false positive cases. This situation causes experts to be warned with false alarms unnecessarily and increases their workload. This study proposes a new data centric approach to reduce bias‐based false positive predictions in brain MRI‐specific medical object detection applications. The proposed method has been tested using two different datasets: Gazi Brains 2020 and BraTS 2020, and three different deep learning‐based object detection models: Mask R‐CNN, YOLOv5, and EfficientDet. According to the results, the proposed pipeline outperformed the classical pipeline, up to 18% on the Gazi Brains 2020 dataset, and up to 24% on the BraTS 2020 dataset for mean specificity value without much change in sensitivity metric. It means that the proposed pipeline reduces false positive rates due to bias in real‐life applications and it can help to reduce the workload of experts.
Using hiPSC‐CMs to Examine Mechanisms of Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Arslanova Alia , Shafaattalab Sanam , Ye Kevin , Asghari Parisa , Lin Lisa , Kim BaRun , Roston Thomas M. , Hove‐Madsen Leif , Van Petegem Filip , Sanatani Shubhayan , Moore Edwin , Lynn Francis , Søndergaard Mads , Luo Yonglun , Chen S. R. Wayne , Tibbits Glen F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCatecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a potentially lethal inherited cardiac arrhythmia condition, triggered by physical or acute emotional stress, that predominantly expresses early in life. Gain‐of‐function mutations in the cardiac ryanodine receptor gene (RYR2) account for the majority of CPVT cases, causing substantial disruption of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis particularly during the periods of β‐adrenergic receptor stimulation. However, the highly variable penetrance, patient outcomes, and drug responses observed in clinical practice remain unexplained, even for patients with well‐established founder RyR2 mutations. Therefore, investigation of the electrophysiological consequences of CPVT‐causing RyR2 mutations is crucial to better understand the pathophysiology of the disease. The development of strategies for reprogramming human somatic cells to human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has provided a unique opportunity to study inherited arrhythmias, due to the ability of hiPSCs to differentiate down a cardiac lineage. Employment of genome editing enables generation of disease‐specific cell lines from healthy and diseased patient‐derived hiPSCs, which subsequently can be differentiated into cardiomyocytes. This paper describes the means for establishing an hiPSC‐based model of CPVT in order to recapitulate the disease phenotype in vitro and investigate underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. The framework of this approach has the potential to contribute to disease modeling and personalized medicine using hiPSC‐derived cardiomyocytes. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Preparing for Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) and College of American Pathologists (CAP) Inspections
Authors: Zneimer Susan M. , Hongo Donna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractClinical laboratories have many regulations to follow, requiring complete adherence to specific standards and regulations in order to be granted accreditation. As part of the accreditation process, a laboratory must be inspected. Whether it is an initial or biennial inspection, there are some standard tasks and duties a laboratory can do to prepare in advance to reduce stress, improve the inspection process, and reduce the risk of getting a deficiency. Good Clinical Laboratory Practice (GCLP) is an important part of preparing a clinical laboratory for Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) and College of American Pathologists (CAP) inspections. GCLP standards have been developed by CLIA and were developed with the goal of providing a sole source of requirements that clinical laboratories using human patient samples need to follow to ensure reproducible and reliable clinical laboratory results. The Laboratory Accreditation Program (LAP) of the College of American Pathologists (CAP) also has ongoing activities and guidelines for clinical laboratories to follow. Although this is a voluntary program, it is driven by peer review, education, and compliance to established performance standards. CAP is focused on laboratory improvement and views its inspections as collaborations between inspector and laboratory. The CAP checklists, based on their standards for good lab practice, are used by inspectors to ensure that each inspection is consistent and thorough and to enable CAP to determine if the laboratory meets the standards for accreditation. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Sugarbeet Processing Lime Effects on High‐pH Soils and Crops in the Northwest U.S.
Authors: Tarkalson David D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrecipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) is a by‐product of sucrose extraction from sugarbeet and is considered a good lime material for acidic soil treatment. In the sugarbeet‐growing area in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington, most soils have a pH of 7.5–8.5 and do not require lime applications to adjust soil pH. However, there is a need to find more offsite beneficial use or disposal methods for PCC, and agricultural land application is a practical method to dispose of PCC. A study was conducted to assess the effects of added PCC to a common alkaline soil on yields and soil chemical properties in a sugarbeet–dry bean–barley rotation. The data will be used to help determine if PCC can be land‐applied on high‐pH soils. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Soil & Water Management by reading the article and taking the quiz at https://bit.ly/3dkUh3N. View all CEUs online at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Drought Demonstrates Value of Fall Soil Nitrate‐Nitrogen Testing in the Northern Great Plains
Authors: Heard John , Breker John S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFor the 2021 growing season, we had limited stored soil water and much below‐average rainfall across the Northern Great Plains. As a result, crop yields were disastrously lower than normal, and the regional median residual soil nitrate‐nitrogen after wheat was two to three times higher than the running average. This drought brings new light (and old memories) to soil testing for nitrogen along with new challenges and opportunities. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Nutrient Management by reading the article and taking the quiz at https://bit.ly/3IigoX9. View all CEUs online at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Is Freeze Damage Ever as Bad as We Think It Will Be?
Authors: Sever Megan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe amount of damage to both plants and potential yield after a hard freeze depends on a lot of different weather factors, plus the life stage of the plant, topography, varietal hardiness, and what happens after the freeze, among other factors. Earn 1 CEU in Crop Management by reading the article and taking the quiz at https://bit.ly/31jnz0D. View all CEUs online at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Bayesian maximum a posteriori‐estimation of κ turbulence model parameters using algorithmic differentiation in SOLPS‐ITER
Authors: Carli Stefano , Dekeyser Wouter , Blommaert Maarten , Coosemans Reinart , Van Uytven Wim , Baelmans Martine 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRadial anomalous diffusion coefficients are among the largest sources of uncertainty in mean‐field plasma‐edge codes such as SOLPS‐ITER. These coefficients are machine, scenario, and space‐dependent, thus hampering the predictive and interpretive capability of these codes. In fact, modellers usually adjust these coefficients manually, based on expert judgement or on large, computationally expensive, parameter scans. Matching data from various diagnostics, each with their own experimental uncertainties, additionally complicates the problem of finding a good parameter set. In addition, standard non‐linear regression techniques have shown to become prohibitive for expensive plasma‐edge simulations with many unknown parameters, as gradient calculation was based on finite differences. In this paper, we apply algorithmic differentiation (AD) as an efficient and more accurate alternative for gradient calculation in large, continuously developed codes as SOLPS‐ITER. In addition, the lack of uncertainty information and danger of data overfitting, key limitations of regression techniques, are overcome by combining data and uncertainties from different diagnostics in a Bayesian framework. We implement for the first time such a Bayesian inference framework into SOLPS‐ITER, using gradient‐based optimization with gradients obtained through tangent AD to find the maximum a posteriori (MAP) values of the parameters. The recently developed κ turbulence model is employed to limit the number of unknown parameters compared to full spatial profiles of diffusion coefficients. The Bayesian MAP‐estimation is compared to standard regression techniques on a small‐scale tokamak. We adopt fictitious experimental data obtained from a reference SOLPS‐ITER solution with artificial measurement noise.
Perceived risk of opioid use disorder secondary to opioid analgesic medication use by the general population in France
Authors: Lavergne Justine , Debin Marion , Blanchon Thierry , Colizza Vittoria , Dassieu Lise , Gimenez Laetitia , Kengne‐Kuetche Charly , Lapeyre‐Mestre Maryse , Dupouy Julie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn Europe and France, the use of opioid analgesic drugs has become widespread as an option for pain management. However, their use can lead to nonmedical use and/or opioid use disorder (OUD). This work aimed to assess the perceived risk of OUD secondary to opioid analgesic drugs use by the general population.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional observational study using the GrippeNet web‐based cohort, comprising about 10,000 French volunteers from the general population, using a self‐administered questionnaire. The main outcome was the perceived risk of OUD secondary to opioid analgesic drugs use, assessed by a 4‐item scale and modelled using logistic regression (backward procedure).ResultsAmong 5046 French respondents, after adjustment, 65% believed that the use of analgesic drugs could likely or very likely lead to OUD. Factors associated with the perception of a higher risk were being over 50 and having heard about opioids in the media. Previous opioid use and a high level of education decreased the perception of the risk. Among those having used opioids in the past 2 years (N = 1770), 71.1% reported being not at all concerned by this risk. The majority of the sample perceived the risk of OUD but those having already used opioid analgesics drugs expressed no concern about this risk for themselves.ConclusionsThis finding highlight the need to reinforce warning on the package insert documents, therapeutic education and collaborative care between the prescribing general practitioners and pharmacists to increase awareness of opioid medications users on the risk of OUD.SignificanceThis study found that the risk of OUD secondary to opioid analgesics use is well perceived in the general population, but that those having already used opioid analgesics expressed little concern for themselves. This finding could potentially help to raise awareness of healthcare providers and policy makers on the lack of perceived risk regarding these drugs and the need to inform and identify at‐risk patients in primary care.