bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ab initio investigation of structural, electronic, magnetic, elastic, and optical properties of Cs-based chloro-perovskites CsXCl3 (X = Be and Rh)
Authors: Ayaz Umar , Shazia  , Abdullah  , Husain Mudasser , Rahman Nasir , Bonyah Ebenezer 
Published: October 2021

Chloro-perovskites having attractive properties, especially lead-containing chloro-perovskites, have potential application in the electrical and electronic industry. However, the toxic nature of lead puts a constraint on its practical applications. In the present study, lead is replaced by Rh and Be in Cs-based chloro-perovskites. The mechanical, optical, electronic, structural, and magnetic properties of the compounds CsRhCl3 and CsBeCl3 are studied by using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method. The band structure study indicates that CsRhCl3 is half-metallic while CsBeCl3 has a semiconducting nature with an indirect bandgap of 2.27 eV. The elastic constant calculated through the IRelast package verified the ionic nature and highly anisotropic and ductile behavior of both compounds. The determined magnetic moment values show the paramagnetic nature of both materials. The investigated optical properties clarify the transmitting nature in the energy range of 0–14.5 eV and the reflecting nature in the range of 14.5–25.5 eV. The compounds are optical conductors in the ultraviolet region.
Global boundedness of functions of finite order that are bounded outside small sets
Authors: Khabibullin B. N. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We prove that subharmonic or holomorphic functions of finite order on the plane, in space, or on the unit disc or ball that are bounded above on a sequence of circles or spheres, or on a system of embedded discs or balls, outside some asymptotically small sets are bounded above throughout. Hence, subharmonic functions of finite order on the complex plane, entire or plurisubharmonic functions of finite order, and also convex or harmonic functions of finite order that are bounded above on spheres outside such sets are constants. The results and the approaches to the proofs are new for both functions of one and several variables.
Bibliography: 14 titles.
Uniform approximation of functions by solutions of strongly elliptic equations of second order on compact subsets of
Authors: Paramonov P. V. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Criteria for the uniform approximation of functions by solutions of second-order strongly elliptic equations on compact subsets of

are obtained using the method of reduction to similar problems in

, which were previously investigated by Mazalov. A number of metric properties of the capacities used are established.
Bibliography: 16 titles.
Values of the

weight system on a family of graphs that are not the intersection graphs of chord diagrams
Authors: Filippova P. A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The Chmutov-Lando theorem claims that the value of a weight system (a function on the chord diagrams that satisfies the four-term Vassiliev relations) corresponding to the Lie algebra

depends only on the intersection graph of the chord diagram.
We compute the values of the

weight system at the graphs in several infinite series, which are the joins of a graph with a small number of vertices and a discrete graph. In particular, we calculate these values for a series in which the initial graph is the cycle on five vertices; the graphs in this series, apart from the initial one, are not intersection graphs.
We also derive a formula for the generating functions of the projections of graphs equal to the joins of an arbitrary graph and a discrete graph to the subspace of primitive elements of the Hopf algebra of graphs. Using the formula thus obtained, we calculate the values of the

weight system at projections of the graphs of the indicated form onto the subspace of primitive elements. Our calculations confirm Lando’s conjecture concerning the values of the

weight system at projections onto the subspace of primitives.
Bibliography: 17 titles.
Orthogonality in nonseparable rearrangement-invariant spaces
Authors: Astashkin S. V. , Semenov E. M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Let

be a nonseparable rearrangement-invariant space and let

be the closure of the space of bounded functions in

. Elements of

orthogonal to

, that is, elements

,

, such that

for each

, are investigated. The set of orthogonal elements

is characterized in the case when

is a Marcinkiewicz or an Orlicz space. If an Orlicz space

is considered with the Luxemburg norm, then the set

is the algebraic sum of

and

. Each nonseparable rearrangement-invariant space

such that

is shown to contain an asymptotically isometric copy of the space

.
Bibliography: 17 titles.
Second half part of the apple
Authors: Ahlgren Katrin , Magnusson Ulrika 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article investigates the use of friendship metaphors in texts by adult second language writers, in relation
to the occurrence and function of metaphor and the writers’ discursive constructions of identity. The texts come from the final
assessment in Swedish for Immigrants (SFI), a language program in basic Swedish. The analysis confirmed the initial assumption
that the emotional and existentially loaded theme of friendship allows for the use of metaphor. The results also
showed that the experience of writers as newcomers in Sweden played out in the metaphors that were used and their contexts.
In order to categorize the found metaphors, a model was developed to show how systematic
metaphors reflect functions and values related to three thematic categories: guidance and help, belonging and
inclusion, and sharing and solidarity. For several metaphors, the metaphoricity was created through
novel and unidiomatic wording, i.e. a kind of neologism that can be considered a communication strategy.
The importance of using universal and abstract themes in language testing is emphasized, to enable second language
writers to express different facets of experience and knowledge through existential thoughts and attitudes – not only as language
learners and newcomers, but also as social agents who create and keep transnational relations through friends.
Direct integration of SAW resonators on industrial metal for structural health monitoring applications
Authors: Mengue P , Hage-Ali S , Zhgoon S , Paulmier Baptiste , Floer Cécile , Bartoli Florian , Elmazria O 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors are very promising for structural health monitoring (SHM) applications as they have the advantages of being robust, passive (batteryless), remotely interrogated (wireless) and can even be packageless. This paper describes ultralow-profile SAW resonators that can be directly fabricated and integrated on metallic parts in industrial facilities. They are based on piezoelectric thin films (ZnO) which are directly sputtered on polished industrial titanium (Ti) and stainless steel. With this approach, no sensor glue-bonding to the target is needed, and measurement errors related to this step are avoided. Demonstrator devices have been studied numerically and experimentally. The structural properties of the ZnO thin films were characterized through x-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. A preferred orientation (002) was achieved with a roughness of 50 nm on the top surface. Resonators were microfabricated and their functional parameters (i.e. resonance frequency, quality factor and electromechanical coupling) were extracted through impedance measurements and fitted with a Butterworth-van Dyke model. By increasing applied temperatures (up to 450 °C) and the strain (up to 1800 μϵ), a linear decrease of the resonance frequency has been shown. A temperature coefficient of frequency of −46.4 ppm °C−1 and a good strain sensitivity (1.49 ppmμϵ−1) were obtained, thus making the structure promising as a high temperature and strain sensing element in industrial SHM applications.
Analysis of thermo-plasmonic lab-on-fiber probes in liquid environments
Authors: Giaquinto M , Principe S , Micco A , Persiano G V , Ricciardi A , Cusano A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Lab-on-fiber (LOF) optrodes are recently emerging not only as valid platforms for biosensing, but also as promising light-controlled actuators in drug-delivery, optical trapping and thermo-ablation systems. In this regard, the thermo-plasmonic effect has been recognized as an intriguing tool for conferring to the optical fiber the capability of interacting with the external environment through the fine control of local overheating actuated by light in the range of few mW. However, the evaluation of the thermo-plasmonic overheating on small areas such as that of a standard single mode fiber tip is not trivial, especially in liquid solutions, where these probes typically operate. Here we demonstrate that by functionalizing the metallic nanostructure of LOF devices with a thermoresponsive smart materials, it is possible to measure the light-induced overheating on the fiber tip. Specifically, we monitored the plasmonic resonance wavelength shift induced by the temperature-dependent swelling dynamics of different microgel films deposited on the nanostructure. We find a local overheating of about 8 °C mW−1, i.e. also in line with our theoretical predictions based on numerical simulations. Our results demonstrate that the proposed approach is a valid methodology for the direct and continuous monitoring of the temperature changes in LOF devices induced by the input optical power in liquid environment. Our findings lay the basis for the analysis of thermo-plasmonic optical fiber probes exploitable in many applications, especially for the life science sector.
Doubly heavy tetraquarks in an extended chromomagnetic model *
Authors: Weng Xin-Zhen , Deng Wei-Zhen , Zhu Shi-Lin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Using an extended chromomagnetic model, we perform a systematic study of the masses of doubly heavy tetraquarks. We find that the ground states of the doubly heavy tetraquarks are dominated by the color-triplet

configuration, which is opposite to that of fully heavy tetraquarks. The combined results suggest that the color-triplet configuration becomes more important when the mass difference between the quarks and antiquarks increases. We find three stable states that lie below the thresholds of two pseudoscalar mesons. They are the

tetraquark,

tetraquark, and

tetraquark.
Bayesian finite mixture of regression analysis for cancer based on histopathological imaging–environment interactions
Authors: Im Yunju , Huang Yuan , Tan Aixin , Ma Shuangge 
Published: October 2021

SummaryCancer is a heterogeneous disease. Finite mixture of regression (FMR)—as an important heterogeneity analysis technique when an outcome variable is present—has been extensively employed in cancer research, revealing important differences in the associations between a cancer outcome/phenotype and covariates. Cancer FMR analysis has been based on clinical, demographic, and omics variables. A relatively recent and alternative source of data comes from histopathological images. Histopathological images have been long used for cancer diagnosis and staging. Recently, it has been shown that high-dimensional histopathological image features, which are extracted using automated digital image processing pipelines, are effective for modeling cancer outcomes/phenotypes. Histopathological imaging–environment interaction analysis has been further developed to expand the scope of cancer modeling and histopathological imaging-based analysis. Motivated by the significance of cancer FMR analysis and a still strong demand for more effective methods, in this article, we take the natural next step and conduct cancer FMR analysis based on models that incorporate low-dimensional clinical/demographic/environmental variables, high-dimensional imaging features, as well as their interactions. Complementary to many of the existing studies, we develop a Bayesian approach for accommodating high dimensionality, screening out noises, identifying signals, and respecting the “main effects, interactions” variable selection hierarchy. An effective computational algorithm is developed, and simulation shows advantageous performance of the proposed approach. The analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas data on lung squamous cell cancer leads to interesting findings different from the alternative approaches.
846 Dysphagia Rates in Single- And Multiple-Level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Surgery: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ong C S , Oh L , Ghozy S , Dmytriw A , Mobbs R , Phan K , Dibas M , Faulkner H 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aim
To conduct a meta-analysis to assess dysphagia complicating single-level and multiple-level (≥2) anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) surgery.

Method
Electronic searches were performed using four electronic databases from their inception to December 2017. Relevant studies reporting the rate of dysphagia as an endpoint for patients undergoing ACDF for degenerative disease, myelopathy, cervical canal stenosis or ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament were identified according to prior inclusion and exclusion criteria. Statistical analysis was performed using a fixed effect model. P-scores were used to rank the levels of ACDF based on the rate of dysphagia. I2 was used to explore heterogeneity.

Results
Ten studies were identified and included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, with a total of 4,018 patients identified; 2,362 patients underwent single-level ACDF, while 1,656 underwent multiple level (≥2 ACDF). The mean age ranged from 49.45 to 57.77 years. Mean follow-up time ranged from 2 days to 27.3 months. Overall, meta-analysis demonstrated a statistically significant higher dysphagia rate for multiple-level ACDF (6.6%) than for single-level ACDF (4%) (P heterogeneity =0.151, OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.05–1.91, I2=32%).

Conclusions
Dysphagia is a relatively common complication in the early postoperative period following ACDF and may cause patients significant discomfort and distress. This meta-analysis demonstrates a higher rate of dysphagia with multiple-level ACDF than with single-level ACDF at a period of 12–24 months.
677 Quick, Simple and just as Effective – Comparing PM:L3 Ratio to NELA, P-POSSUM and NSQIP Scores for Emergency Laparotomy
Authors: Ming J Y , Holmes M , Pockney P , Gani J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aim
Multiple tools (NELA, P-POSSUM, ACS-NSQIP) are available to assess mortality risks in patients requiring emergency laparotomy(1–3), but they are time-consuming to perform and have had limited uptake in routine clinical practice in many countries(4). Simpler measures, including psoas muscle:L3 vertebrae (PM:L3) ratio(5,6), may be useful alternates. This measure is quick to perform, requiring no special skills or equipment apart from basic CT viewing software.

Method
We performed an analysis on all patients in the Hunter Emergency Laparotomy Audit (HELA) database, from January 2016 to December 2017. HELA is a retrospective review of all emergency laparotomy undertaken in a discrete area in NSW, Australia. Patients with an available CT abdomen were included (N = 500/562). A single slice axial CT image at the L3 endplate level was analysed using ImageJ® software to measure the area of L3 and bilateral psoas muscles. This can be done using normal PACS software in routine practice.

Results
PM:L3 ratios in this cohort have a mean of 1.082 (95%CI 1.042-1.122; range 0.141-3.934). PM:L3 ratio is significantly lower (p &lt; 0.00001) in those patients who did not survive beyond 30 days (mean 0.865 [95% CI 0.746-0.984 ]) and 90 days (mean 0.888 [95%CI 0.768-1.008]) compared to patients that survived these periods (30 day mean 1.106 [95% vs. 1.033-1.179], 90 day mean 1.112 [95% CI 1.070-1.154]) . These associations are similar to those calculated by established risk assessment models.

Conclusions
PM:L3 ratio is a reliable, quick and easy risk assessment tool to identify high risk patients undergoing emergency laparotomy.
482 Is Subspecialisation Important for Emergency Laparotomy Outcomes?
Authors: Chowdhury S , Musbahi A , Agarwal A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
High mortality and morbidity is associated with Emergency Laparotomy. This study looks at outcomes of different subspecialties of surgeons performing Emergency Laparotomies identified from National Emergency Laparotomy Audit (NELA).

Method

Results

Conclusions
1337 A Regional Review of The Epidemiology and Pathological Characteristics of Malignant Melanoma in Northern Ireland (NI), And Correlation with Socio-Economic Status
Authors: Currie R , Martin S , McAllister S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
The incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma is increasing. Internationally, there is evidence of an association between melanoma incidence and higher socioeconomic status (SES). This study aims to assess the characteristics of patients with melanoma in NI, and correlate to SES.

Method
Retrospective review of electronic records for patients undergoing surgery for melanoma at the Northern Ireland Plastic Surgery Unit from August 2015 to March 2020. Patients were identified from theatre records and a prospectively collected sentinel lymph node database. The NI Multiple Deprivation Measure 2017 was used to measure SES.

Results
440 patients were included (F = 54%, M = 46%). Mean age=63 (M = 67, F = 59). Mean Breslow Depth (BD) = 2.61mm (Range 0.17 – 27mm). Females had significantly thinner tumours at presentation (mean BD 2.16mm. vs 3.1mm in males, p = 0.001). In males the commonest sites were head and neck (36%) and back (23%). In females, the commonest sites were lower limb (42%) and upper limb (23%). There was a positive correlation between higher SES and increased incidence of melanoma (correlation coefficient (CC) 0.922), but this did not correlate with an increase in Breslow depth (CC -0.020).

Conclusions
This study provides important information on melanoma in NI, including gender and site variances. Females were more commonly affected and were a mean of 8 years younger than males at diagnosis but presented with significantly thinner tumours. Unlike the rest of the UK, the commonest site in males was the head and neck. Higher SES was related to higher incidence of melanoma but with presentation at an earlier stage of disease.
1289 Gender Representation in The Authorship of Surgical Journals
Authors: Arshad S , Gallivan E , Skinner H , Burke J , Young A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Despite the increase in female doctors graduating from medical schools internationally, gender disparity in surgery remains. This disparity is also evident in academic surgery. This study aims to quantify the extent of gender disparity in the authorship of articles in major surgical journals.

Method
The Top 10 Surgical Journals were identified using SCImago Journal Rank indicator. Authorship details for papers published in 2019 were collected. Authors were assigned as female, male or unknown using Gender API software (Gender API, Germany). For each journal, the percentage of first author, last author, corresponding author and all authors split by gender was interrogated. Gender differences by publication type were also identified.

Results
9 of the 10 journals had full names publicly available. Overall, 2414 manuscripts were interrogated which included 16,277 number of authors. Respectively, females and males accounted for 29.8% [22.9-34.9%] (N = 655) and 62.4% [56.3-70.2%] (N = 1419) of first authors, 20.6% [11.8-27.1%] (N = 453) and 74.2% [65.6-84.1%] (N = 1706) of last authors, 23.9% [14.9-29.6%] (N = 510) and 69.9% [60.5-79.3%] (N = 2341) of corresponding authors and in total 27% [19.4-31.6%] (N = 4298) and 65.5% [58.6-73.4%] (N = 9982) of all authors. The wide range in these results could be a result of various factors.

Conclusions
This study has identified a gender imbalance in authorship positions, with the greatest difference observed in the most senior author position. Whether this is reflective of the current disparity observed in senior academic surgery positions or due to gender discrimination is unclear.
1612 Unconscious Gender Bias from Patients: Are Female and Male Doctors Perceived Differently?
Authors: Toi T , Lewis S , Lounis S , Najdawi A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
While the need for gender equality has been well recognised within the medical profession, attitudes of patients towards doctors of different genders has not been addressed. We aim to identify whether gender biases exist within the minds of patients we treat and how we can address this.

Method
A survey was disseminated through social media platforms and work communication groups. Data was collected on gender, ethnicity, frequency of being mistaken for different members of the healthcare team and frequency of being asked to perform non-medical tasks. A free text option was available for respondents to elaborate on the context and how this made them feel.

Results
88 doctors (26 male, 62 female) responded. 65% (40) of females have had their roles misidentified at least once a week, compared to 0%(0) of males. 75% (46) of women reported negative emotions associated with being mistaken in their role, 25% (15) were neutral, none were positive. 62% (38) of female doctor’s report being asked to perform non-medical tasks at least once a week compared to 31% (8) of male doctors.

Conclusions
There is a clear disparity in how patients perceive male and female roles in medicine, with females being less likely to be identified as a doctor and twice as likely to be asked to perform non-medical tasks. As well as being potentially disruptive to their role, responses suggest that this impacts negatively on the confidence of these respondents. Further exploration of this subject, the impacts and remedies will be required in future.
951 More Than A Checkbox: Importance of Role-Modelling and Visibility Initiatives in Improving Perceptions of Diversity in Surgical Leadership
Authors: Shah V , Khan H , Komor J , Vig S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
The Royal College of Surgeons of England have committed themselves to championing diversity in surgery in light of recent socio-political events. Although there are now more trainees from underrepresented backgrounds entering the profession, this is not reflected in leadership roles which are key in establishing attitudes and cultures. This study evaluated whether an event showcasing surgeons from underrepresented groups holding leadership positions could improve student perceptions of diversity in surgical leadership.

Method
Participants attended an online event hosted by a student surgical society, where speakers with surgical leadership experience from a range of marginalised backgrounds highlighted topics of diversity and discrimination in surgery. Pre- and post-event questionnaires comprising Likert scales were completed to evaluate student perceptions of surgeons holding a leadership role from the following underrepresented groups: women (or gender non-conforming), BAME, LGBTQ+ and individuals with disabilities. Statistical significance was assessed using a Mann-Whitney U test with p &lt; 0.05 denoting significance throughout.

Results
The event significantly increased attendee confidence in the idea of a surgeon being seen in a leadership role from all underrepresented groups evaluated: 9.3% for female/gender non-conforming individuals (p &lt; 0.01), 12.3% for BAME individuals (p &lt; 0.01), 7.5% for non-heterosexual individuals (p = 0.04) and 16.0% for individuals with a disability (p &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions
Attendees felt significantly more confident in the belief that surgeons from underrepresented backgrounds could hold leadership positions following the event, indicating the benefit of such role-modelling initiatives. More investment is necessary in exploring factors dissuading specific underrepresented groups from pursuing surgical careers and for novel strategies to support these communities accordingly.