bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving dose calculation accuracy in preclinical radiation experiments using multi-energy element resolved cone-beam CT
Authors: Huang Yanqi , Hu Xiaoyu , Zhong Yuncheng , Lai Youfang , Shen Chenyang , Jia Xun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objective. Cone-beam CT (CBCT) in modern pre-clinical small-animal radiation research platforms provides volumetric images for image guidance and experiment planning purposes. In this work, we implemented multi-energy element-resolved (MEER) CBCT using three scans with different kVps on a SmART platform (Precision x-ray Inc.) to determine images of relative electron density (rED) and elemental composition (EC) that are needed for Monte Carlo-based radiation dose calculation. Approach. We performed comprehensive calibration tasks to achieve sufficient accuracy for this quantitative imaging purpose. For geometry calibration, we scanned a ball bearing phantom and used an analytical method together with an optimization approach to derive gantry angle specific geometry parameters. Intensity calibration and correction included the corrections for detector lag, glare, and beam hardening. The corrected CBCT projection images acquired at 30, 40, and 60 kVp in multiple scans were used to reconstruct CBCT images using the Feldkamp–Davis–Kress reconstruction algorithm. After that, an optimization problem was solved to determine images of rED and EC. We demonstrated the effectiveness of our CBCT calibration steps by showing improvements in image quality and successful material decomposition in cases with a small animal CT calibration phantom and a plastinated mouse phantom. Main results. It was found that artifacts induced by geometry inaccuracy, detector lag, glare, and beam hardening were visually reduced. CT number mean errors were reduced from 19% to 5%. In the CT calibration phantom case, median errors in H, O, and Ca fractions for all the inserts were below 1%, 2%, and 4% respectively, and median error in rED was less than 5%. Compared to the standard approach deriving material type and rED via CT number conversion, our approach improved Monte Carlo simulation-based dose calculation accuracy in bone regions. Mean dose error was reduced from 47.5% to 10.9%. Significance. The MEER-CBCT implemented on an existing CBCT system of a small animal irradiation platform achieved accurate material decomposition and significantly improved Monte Carlo dose calculation accuracy.
A binary-encounter-Bethe approach to compute electron-impact partial ionization cross sections of plasma relevant molecules such as hexamethyldisiloxane and silane
Authors: Arora Ajay Kumar , Gupta Krishna Kumar , Goswami Kanupriya , Bharadvaja Anand , Baluja Kasturi Lal 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Electron-impact partial ionization cross sections (PICS) of fragments are reported from threshold to 5 keV energy using a modified form of the binary-encounter-Bethe model. Scaling using mass spectrometry data ensures that the cross sections are of the correct order of magnitude. The total ionization cross sections (TICS) were obtained by summing the PICS of fragments. The PICS and TICS obtained from the modified-binary-encounter-Bethe model are in excellent agreement with the experimental and theoretical results. The molecules investigated are hexamethyldisiloxane and silane. Both these species are highly relevant in plasma processing where the PICS are required to be over an extended energy range. The study of the ionization process in conjunction with mass spectrometry provides correct estimates of the contribution that each charged ion makes to the TICS. The present approach can be easily extended to any species provided that ion energetics and relative cation abundances data are available.
Physics of biomolecular recognition and conformational dynamics
Authors: Chu Wen-Ting , Yan Zhiqiang , Chu Xiakun , Zheng Xiliang , Liu Zuojia , Xu Li , Zhang Kun , Wang Jin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Biomolecular recognition usually leads to the formation of binding complexes, often accompanied by large-scale conformational changes. This process is fundamental to biological functions at the molecular and cellular levels. Uncovering the physical mechanisms of biomolecular recognition and quantifying the key biomolecular interactions are vital to understand these functions. The recently developed energy landscape theory has been successful in quantifying recognition processes and revealing the underlying mechanisms. Recent studies have shown that in addition to affinity, specificity is also crucial for biomolecular recognition. The proposed physical concept of intrinsic specificity based on the underlying energy landscape theory provides a practical way to quantify the specificity. Optimization of affinity and specificity can be adopted as a principle to guide the evolution and design of molecular recognition. This approach can also be used in practice for drug discovery using multidimensional screening to identify lead compounds. The energy landscape topography of molecular recognition is important for revealing the underlying flexible binding or binding–folding mechanisms. In this review, we first introduce the energy landscape theory for molecular recognition and then address four critical issues related to biomolecular recognition and conformational dynamics: (1) specificity quantification of molecular recognition; (2) evolution and design in molecular recognition; (3) flexible molecular recognition; (4) chromosome structural dynamics. The results described here and the discussions of the insights gained from the energy landscape topography can provide valuable guidance for further computational and experimental investigations of biomolecular recognition and conformational dynamics.
Exciton transport in amorphous polymers and the role of morphology and thermalisation
Authors: Campaioli Francesco , Cole Jared H 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Understanding the transport mechanism of electronic excitations in conjugated polymers is key to advancing organic optoelectronic applications, such as solar cells, organic light-emitting diodes and flexible electronics. While crystalline polymers can be studied using solid-state techniques based on lattice periodicity, the characterisation of amorphous polymers is hindered by an intermediate regime of disorder and the associated lack of symmetries. To overcome these hurdles we have developed a reduced state quantum master equation approach based on the Merrifield exciton formalism. This new approach allows us to study the dynamics of excitons’ centre of mass and charge separation (CS), going beyond the standard model of charge-neutral Frenkel excitons. Using this model we study exciton transport in conjugated polymers and its dependence on morphology and temperature. Exciton dynamics consists of a thermalisation process, whose features depend on the relative strength of thermal energy, electronic couplings and disorder, resulting in remarkably different transport regimes. By applying this method to representative systems based on poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) we obtain insight into the role of temperature and disorder on localisation, CS, non-equilibrium dynamics, and experimental accessibility of thermal equilibrium states of excitons in amorphous polymers.
Shell-shaped condensates with gravitational sag: contact and dipolar interactions
Authors: Arazo Maria , Mayol Ricardo , Guilleumas Montserrat 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe investigate Bose–Einstein condensates in bubble trap potentials in the presence of a small gravity. In particular, we focus on thin shells and study both contact and dipolar interacting condensates. We first analyze the effects of the anisotropic nature of the dipolar interactions, which already appear in the absence of gravity and are enhanced when the polarization axis of the dipoles and the gravity are slightly misaligned. Then, in the small gravity context, we investigate the dynamics of small oscillations of these thin, shell-shaped condensates triggered either by an instantaneous tilting of the gravity direction or by a sudden change of the gravity strength. This system could be a preliminary stage for realizing a gravity sensor in space laboratories.
Multimessenger analysis strategy for core-collapse supernova search: gravitational waves and low-energy neutrinos
Authors: Halim Odysse , Casentini Claudio , Drago Marco , Fafone Viviana , Scholberg Kate , Vigorito Carlo Francesco , Pagliaroli Giulia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Core-collapse supernovae are fascinating astrophysical objects for multimessenger studies. Gravitational waves are expected to play an important role in the supernova explosion mechanism. Unfortunately, their modeling is challenging, due to the stochastic nature of the dynamics and the vast range of possible progenitors. Therefore, the gravitational wave detection from these objects is still elusive with already advanced detectors. Low-energy neutrinos will be emitted copiously during the core-collapse explosion and can help the gravitational wave counterpart search. In this work, we develop a multimessenger strategy to look for such astrophysical objects. We exploit a global network of both low-energy neutrino and gravitational wave detectors. First, we discuss how to improve the detection potential of the neutrino sub-network by exploiting the time profile of a neutrino burst from a core-collapse supernova. We show that in the proposed approach, neutrino detectors can gain at least 10% of detection efficiency at the distance where their efficiency drops. Then, we combine the information provided by gravitational wave and neutrino signals in a multimessenger analysis. In particular, by using the clusters of low-energy neutrinos observed by LVD and KamLAND detectors in combination with the gravitational wave triggers from LIGO-Virgo detector network, we obtain an increase of the probability to detect the gravitational wave signal from a core-collapse supernova at 60 kpc, from zero to ∼33% for some specific gravitational wave emission model.
The Effect of Mask & Face Shield on the General Discomfort of the Workers in the Food Industry: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Authors: Pequeña Arianne R. , Prasetyo Yogi Tri 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Using face mask & face shield and practicing hand sanitary measures mitigate the risk of getting COVID-19. However, different types of discomfort have been long associated with these especially among healthcare workers. An online survey with 255 respondents was conducted to investigate the discomfort felt by another group of frontliners: food & beverage company workers. Based on the SEM, it was found that exposure to PPE & sanitary protocols significantly explains general discomfort. Visual discomfort, skin irritation, and breathing difficulty contribute most to general discomfort. This study linked overall discomfort to work difficulties. Parts of the face that are most prone to discomfort were identified: ears, nose, and cheeks. For demographics, age, department, and role could affect the severity of specific types of discomfort. This study aims to be the basis for more SEM models and creation of more ergonomic PPE & sanitary protocols in the F & B industry.
Effects of size and dimension in optic relaxation in Rb vapor
Authors: Atutov S , Sorokin V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We report on an experiment in which the fluorescence decay time of 5P levels of Rb atoms in a coated vapor cell exceeds several of milliseconds that many orders of magnitude longer than normal decay time of excited of rubidium atoms. This effect has been observed by using the pump laser with fixing frequency and the periodically scan the probing laser frequency of which overlap all Rb hyperfine linens of 5P-5S transition. Long time fluorescence decay take place in wide part of the spherical high quality coated cell. In cylindrical part of the cell or in uncoated cell the long time fluorescence decay was disappeared.
Semiconductor quantum well based shutters for NIR laser mode-locking with ∼ GHz repetition rate
Authors: Rubtsova N N , Kovalyov A A , Ledovskikh D V , Preobrazhenskii V V , Putyato M A , Semyagin B R , Kuznetsov S A , Pivtsov V S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Fast semiconductor shutters based on coupled wells were designed in the search for reliable, compact and cheap key element of GHz repetition rate NIR lasers passive mode-locking. Stable 0.98 GHz repetition rate 200-fs Yb:KYW laser pulses were demonstrated for SESAM including semiconductor reflector and a layer of quantum wells. The damage threshold estimate for the SESAM is ∼ 8.87 mJ/cm2. Other type of shutter – DSAM – was developed with dielectric reflector and the layer of quantum wells transferred over reflector. The measured recovery time was about 2-3 ps for both types of saturable absorbers. The efficiency relative to the incident pump power was 57% for the SESAM and 19% for the DSAM. Average output power of 2.54 W for the all-semiconductor shutter (SESAM) and of 0.92 W for the dielectric mirror with a saturable absorber (DSAM) were obtained. Actual state of the art for the shutters design is considered.
Key-Point Interpolation: A Sparse Data Interpolation Algorithm based on B-splines
Authors: Wang Bolun , Jiang Xin , Huo Guanying , Su Cheng , Yan Dongming , Zheng Zhiming 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
B-splines are widely used in the fields of reverse engineering and computer-aided design, due to their superior properties. Traditional B-spline surface interpolation algorithms usually assume regularity of the data distribution. In this paper, we introduce a novel B-spline surface interpolation algorithm: KPI, which can interpolate sparsely and non-uniformly distributed data points. As a two-stage algorithm, our method generates the dataset out of the sparse data using Kriging, and uses the proposed KPI (Key-Point Interpolation) method to generate the control points. Our algorithm can be extended to higher dimensional data interpolation, such as reconstructing dynamic surfaces. We apply the method to interpolating the temperature of Shanxi Province. The generated dynamic surface accurately interpolates the temperature data provided by the weather stations, and the preserved dynamic characteristics can be useful for meteorology studies.
Analysis of Opening Angle for Radial Magnetic Field Compensation Windings of Double-layer Ferromagnetic Cylindrical Shells
Authors: Zuo Chao , Chen Meng , Xiao Hanchen , Geng Pan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A double-layer ferromagnetic cylindrical shell causes a magnetic anomaly in its surrounding space under the action of the geomagnetic field. Aiming at the problems of poor compensation uniformity and obvious local magnetization caused by the single-branch winding compensation method, a double-branch winding solution is proposed. By establishing a double-layer ferromagnetic cylindrical shell model, the radial magnetization characteristics of the cylindrical shell under the action of the vertical geomagnetic field was analyzed, and the opening angle of double-branch winding was studied. By optimizing the opening angle of compensation windings in the three proposed configuration schemes with respect to the minimum abnormal magnetic field, the optimal ranges of opening angle for the double-branch compensation windings were determined.
Hybrid Reconstruction and Evaluation of 3D Model of Equipment Parts for Virtual Maintenance System
Authors: Chu Weijun , Sun Xiangyu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The research and application of reverse engineering technology are more and more extensive, but its process is still not fully mature. Aiming at the complexity of equipment parts and the diversity of accuracy requirements, the method of hybrid reconstruction and evaluation of 3D model of equipment parts for virtual maintenance system is illustrated. The general process is given. Taking the two-stage bevel gear worm reducer as the research object, the research on three-dimensional scanning, data processing and model reconstruction is carried out. This paper focuses on the reconstruction process and methods such as regional division, solid model construction based on maximum outer contour, creation of basic surface, patch fitting and so on by taking the bevel gear in the reducer as an example. Finally, 3D comparison, 2D comparison, cross-section accuracy and size of the reconstructed solid model are evaluated. The results show that the hybrid reconstruction method has strong adaptability and high efficiency. Reverse modeling and forward design are organically combined to give full play to their advantages, and the hybrid reconstruction method can effectively reverse the original design intention of the product and improve the parameterization ability of reverse modeling. It can meet the requirements of different precision models developed by virtual maintenance system, structural wall chart and atlas, multimedia and so on.
Modelling and Implementation of a Knowledge Question-answering System for Product Quality Problem Based on Knowledge Graph
Authors: Liu Hanxu , Dong Fangxu , Wang Meiqing , Lin Qiu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the problem of difficulty in understanding the semantics of the problem in the traditional quality problem management system, the knowledge retrieval technology of product quality problem based on the knowledge graph is carried out. The process model for knowledge retrieval of quality problem based on semantic templates is constructed. A domain corpus is built, which consisting of thousands of quality problem handling records. The TF-IDF (Term Frequency-inverse Document Frequency) algorithm was used to extracted the vocabulary from the quality problem analysis reports. A natural language question semantic classification process model based on Naive Bayes classifier is established to improve the accuracy of semantic template matching. On the basis of theoretical study, a quality problem knowledge question-answering system-QQ-KQAS based on knowledge graph is developed, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through examples.
Research on System Development and Application of Electrical Equipment Intelligent IoT Platform
Authors: Chen Xinsheng , Sun Meng , Li Ling , Chen Xi , Wang Sheng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
With the increasingly development of the new information and communication technologies, China has proposed the integration of new information technology, electrical equipment, and intelligent Internet of Thing (IoT) system to accelerate the innovative development of the manufacturing industry. However, the information isolation and data scattering cause the poor services of electrical equipment. Aiming at the question, the preliminary construction of electrical equipment intelligent IoT Platform (EIP) is carried out in this article through system analysis and system design, which helps enterprises to improve the quality of manufacturing, realizing the transformation and upgrading and healthy development of the enterprise. At the same time, through the accumulation of heavy and complicated IoT big data, the quality evaluation and total life cycle management of electrical equipment are strongly supported to enhance the level of supply chain operations management, which lays a more solid foundation for the electrical equipment manufacturing industry to enhance the core competitiveness and for China to accelerate the realization of high-quality development by the intelligent manufacturing.
The Effects of U-233 Impurity on U-232 and Tl-208 Buildup in Experimental Power Reactor with Thorium-Based Fuel
Authors: Dwijayanto R A P , Suwoto  , Zuhair  , Su’ud Z 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The existence of Tl-208 in thorium fuel cycle is a double-edged sword. Tl-208 is a high-energy 2.6 MeV gamma emitter, which acts as an effective proliferation barrier while simultaneously complicating the handling of the spent fuel. To ensure the safety of the latter, the buildup of both Tl-208 and its parent, U-232, are necessary to be understood. This paper attempts to analyse the buildup of U-232 and Tl-208 in the Reaktor Daya Eksperimental (Experimental Power Reactor/RDE) fuel based on thorium cycle, using various U-233 isotopic vectors. The simulation result shows that U-232-contaminated fresh fuels ended up with higher Tl-208 and U-232 activities at the end of cycle (EOC) compared with uncontaminated fresh fuel. However, their U-232 build-up rate are lower and even negative at one case. Then, lower U-233 purity caused a higher U-232 and Tl-208 activities at EOC. This result implies a considerable difference of isotope buildup between the various U-233 vectors. Consequently, the thorium cycle-based RDE spent fuel handling should consider the isotopic vector of U-233 used in fresh fuel.
Laser blow-off with photodiode detection system at the helically symmetric experiment
Authors: Castillo J.F. , Clark C. , Bader A. , Likin K.M. , Anderson D.T. , Geiger B. , Kumar S.T.A. , Swee C. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A laser blow-off (LBO) system has been installed in the HSX stellarator to investigate impurity transport. A Nd:YAG laser is used to ablate a target area on a glass slide that has been coated with a thin film of aluminum and rapidly deposits a small, controlled quantity of aluminum atoms into HSX plasma. To study the radial propagation and confinement of the injected aluminum impurities, time-resolved emission measurements are made using a 20 channel AXUV photodiode detection system. The LBO system has achieved its design purpose, most notably the ability to make controlled impurity injection without significant perturbation to the background plasma. A detailed description of the setup as well as initial results of operation are presented.
Dynamics of KPI lumps
Authors: Chakravarty Sarbarish , Zowada Michael 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A family of nonsingular rational solutions of the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) I equation are investigated. These solutions have multiple peaks whose heights are time-dependent and the peak trajectories in the xy-plane are altered after collision. Thus they differ from the standard multi-peaked KPI simple n-lump solutions whose peak heights as well as peak trajectories remain unchanged after interaction. The anomalous scattering occurs due to a non-trivial internal dynamics among the peaks in a slow time scale. This phenomena is explained by relating the peak locations to the roots of complex heat polynomials. It follows from the long time asymptotics of the solutions that the peak trajectories separate as

O

(

|
t
|

)

as |t| → ∞, and all the peak heights approach the same constant value corresponding to that of the simple one-lump solution. Consequently, a multi-peaked n-lump solution evolves to a superposition of n one-lump solutions asymptotically as |t| → ∞.