bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cranial Vault Distraction in Nonsyndromic Sagittal Synostosis
Authors: Quinlan Christine S. , Theopold Christoph , Laffan Eoghan , Caird John , Murray Dylan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A multitude of operations exists for the treatment of patients with sagittal craniosynostosis presenting after 6 months of age, of which total cranial vault remodeling now provides the most reliable aesthetic outcome. As our national craniofacial center evolved and began to develop a comprehensive multi-disciplinary team to manage complex surgical cases, we offered cranial vault distraction as an alternative to more invasive surgery for late presentation nonsyndromic scaphocephaly. The authors conducted a retrospective review of all patients undergoing this procedure.
An average distraction distance of 39.4 mm was achieved in 15 patients aged 1 to 9 years. As a result, the cephalic index changed an average of 4%. The mean transfusion volume in the perioperative period was 32.47% of estimated blood volume. There were 2 complications requiring further operative intervention and distraction was stopped early in 1 patient.
The authors propose that internal calvarial distraction is a viable alternative to total cranial vault remodeling for the management of late presentations of sagittal craniosynostosis.
Effect of Observer's Sex and Chin Prominences on the Perception of the Lower Lip-Chin Prominence Angle
Authors: Lee Jae-Yeol , Han Sang Hee , Choi Youn-Kyung , Kim Jinmi , Park Soo-Byung , Kim Yong-Il 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to identify the preferred range of lower lip-chin prominence angles in the Korean population and evaluate the effect of the individual lower lip-chin prominence angle on perceptions of esthetic chin profile.
Chin prominence silhouettes were used to assess the lower lip-chin prominence preference. The observers randomly categorized each image as (1) normal, (2) slightly abnormal but not requiring surgical correction, and (3) abnormal and requiring surgery. Individual lower-chin prominence angles of all observers were analyzed using standardized clinical photographs.
The normal range of lower lip-chin prominence angle is 0° to 25°; socially acceptable range is 0° to −10°, 25° to 40°; range needing surgery is −10° to −30° and 40° to 45°. Women are more tolerant to chin protrusion. A protrusive chin is more acceptable in observers with retrusive chin profile.
Skeletal Class II profile is more acceptable than skeletal Class III in the Korean population. The individual lower-chin prominence angle could affect perception of desired surgery. These findings indicate that patient-specific treatment planning is important in achieving satisfaction in chin surgery.
Reoperation for Recurrence is Affected by Type of Mesh in Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair
Authors: Baker Jason Joe , Öberg Stina , Rosenberg Jacob 
Published: September 2021

Objective:
To compare the reoperation rate for recurrence between different mesh types in laparoscopic ventral hernia repair.

Summary of Background Data:
Ventral hernia repair has improved over the last decades. Nevertheless, recurrence rates are still high, and one type of mesh was recently found to increase it even more.

Methods:
A nationwide cohort study based on prospectively collected data from the Danish Ventral Hernia Database. We included adult patients that had undergone a laparoscopic ventral hernia repair for either an incisional or a primary hernia. The primary and incisional hernias were analyzed in separate cohorts. The mesh-group with the lowest reoperation for recurrence curve was used as the reference. The outcome was reoperation for recurrence.

Results:
Study population comprised 2874 patients with primary hernias and 2726 with incisional hernias. For primary hernias, Physiomesh [HR = 3.45 (2.16–5.51)] and Proceed Surgical Mesh [HR = 2.53 (1.35–4.75)] had a significantly higher risk of reoperation for recurrence than DynaMesh-IPOM. For incisional hernias, Physiomesh [HR = 3.90 (1.80–8.46), Ventralex Hernia Patch (HR = 2.99 (1.13–7.93), Parietex Composite (incl. Optimized) (HR = 2.55 (1.17–5.55), and Proceed Surgical Mesh (HR = 2.63 (1.11–6.20)] all had a significantly higher risk of reoperation for recurrence than Ventralight ST Mesh.

Conclusion:
For primary hernias, Physiomesh and Proceed Surgical Mesh had a significantly higher risk of reoperation for recurrence compared with DynaMesh-IPOM. For incisional hernias, the risk was significantly higher for Physiomesh, Parietex Composite, Ventralex Hernia Patch, and Proceed Surgical Mesh compared with Ventralight ST Mesh. This indicates that type of mesh may be associated with outcomes, and mesh choice could therefore depend on hernia type.
Perceptions of Mobile Health Technology in Elective Surgery
Authors: Panda Nikhil , Sinyard Robert , Margo Judy , Henrich Natalie , Cauley Christy E. , Onnela Jukka-Pekka , Haynes Alex B. , Brindle Mary E. 
Published: September 2021

Objectives:
To explore the surgeon-perceived added value of mobile health technologies (mHealth), and determine facilitators of and barriers to implementing mHealth.

Background:
Despite the growing popularity of mHealth and evidence of meaningful use of patient-generated health data in surgery, implementation remains limited.

Methods:
This was an exploratory qualitative study following the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research. Purposive sampling was used to identify surgeons across the United States and Canada. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research informed development of a semistructured interview guide. Video-based interviews were conducted (September-November 2020) and interview transcripts were thematically analyzed.

Results:
Thirty surgeons from 8 specialties and 6 North American regions were interviewed. Surgeons identified opportunities to integrate mHealth data pre- operatively (eg, expectation-setting, decision-making) and during recovery (eg, remote monitoring, earlier detection of adverse events) among higher risk patients. Perceived advantages of mHealth data compared with surgical and patient-reported outcomes included easier data collection, higher interpretability and objectivity of mHealth data, and the potential to develop more patientcentered and functional measures of health. Surgeons identified a variety of implementation facilitators and barriers around surgeon- and patient buy-in, integration with electronic medical records, regulatory/reimbursement concerns, and personnel responsible for mHealth data. Surgeons described similar considerations regarding perceptions of mHealth among patients, including the potential to address or worsen existing disparities in surgical care.

Conclusions:
These findings have the potential to inform the effective and equitable implementation of mHealth for the purposes of supporting patients and surgical care teams throughout the delivery of surgical care.
A Programmatic Response, Including Bamlanivimab or Casirivimab-imdevimab Administration, Reduces Hospitalization and Death in COVID-19 Positive Abdominal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Ahearn Aaron J. , Thin Maw Thin , Mehta Rishi , Emamaullee Juliet , Kim Jim , Blodget Emily , Kahn Jeffrey , Sher Linda , Genyk Yuri 
Published: September 2021

Background.
(COVID-19) has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplant recipients. In December 2020, at the peak of the Los Angeles outbreak, our center rapidly implemented a protocol to improve outpatient management and provide bamlanivimab or casirivimab-imdevimab [COVID monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies] to all eligible COVID-19 positive liver and kidney transplant recipients.

Methods.
A retrospective review of all abdominal organ transplant recipients who were COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction positive between February 2020 and February 2021 from our center was performed. Patient demographics, COVID-19 treatments, hospitalizations, and survival were reviewed. Patients were considered eligible for COVID mAb therapy if they met outpatient criteria at the time of diagnosis.

Results.
In the study period, 121 patients in the kidney transplant recipients group (KG) and 105 patients in the liver or combined liver/kidney transplant recipients group (LG) were COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction positive. Hospitalization rates were similar for the KG (45%) versus LG (35%) (P = 0.20), but mortality was higher for the KG (22%) when compared to LG (10%) (P = 0.02). Our programmatic response, including outpatient COVID mAb therapies, reduced hospitalizations (P = 0.01) and deaths (P = 0.01). Ninety-four KG and 87 LG patients were identified as potentially eligible for COVID mAb therapy, and 17 KG and 17 LG patients were treated. COVID mAb therapies reduced hospitalization from 32% to 15% (P = 0.045) and eliminated mortality (13% versus 0%, P = 0.04).

Conclusions.
An aggressive approach including outpatient COVID mAb therapy in the COVID positive abdominal organ transplant recipients significantly decreased hospitalization and death. Early outpatient intervention for COVID-19 disease in transplant patients should be considered where possible.
Relationship Between Anesthesia Depth and Quality of Seizures in Patients Undergoing Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Gasteiger Lukas , Heil Michel , Hörner Elisabeth , Andexer Janine , Kemmler Georg , Hausmann Armand , Lederer Wolfgang 
Published: September 2021

Objectives
Electroconvulsive therapy under general anesthesia is an established treatment for mood disorders, such as therapy-resistant depression. As most anesthetic drugs used for induction of anesthesia increase the seizure threshold, adequate depth of anesthesia without diminishing the therapeutic efficacy of interventions is crucial. The aim of this study was to investigate whether anesthesia depth as assessed by Narcotrend (NCT) monitoring correlates with maximum seizure quality.

Methods
An observational study was performed in psychiatric patients undergoing multiple interventions of electroconvulsive therapy. Seizure quality of each attendance was assessed evaluating electroencephalogram end point, electromyogram end point, postictal suppression index, the midictal amplitude, and a 3-step overall graduation. Narcotrend was used to assess anesthesia depth according to index-based electroencephalogram findings. Measurements were obtained before induction of anesthesia, before stimulation, and after arousal. Data were analyzed by means of linear mixed models and generalized estimating equations models.

Results
A total of 105 interventions in 12 patients were analyzed. Anesthesia depth before stimulation was significantly associated with seizure quality (standardized β = 0.244, P = 0.010), maximum sustained coherence (β = 0.207, P = 0.022), and electroencephalogram duration (β = 0.215, P = 0.012). A cutoff value of 41 or greater versus 40 or less for the NCT index was found appropriate to differentiate between good and less satisfactory overall seizure quality.

Conclusions
Anesthesia depth index assessed by NCT monitoring was positively associated with seizure quality. Narcotrend monitoring may be useful in assessment of optimal anesthesia depth before stimulation.
Pontivivens ytuae sp. nov., isolated from deep sea sediment of the Mariana Trench
Authors: Wang Zhen , Du Rong-bin , Sun Qing-lei , Sun Yuan-yuan , Zhang Jian , Tang Yong-zheng 
Published: September 2021

A Gram-stain-negative, light pink-coloured, rod-shaped, flagellated and facultative anaerobic bacterial strain, designated MT2928T, was isolated from deep-sea sediment collected from the Mariana Trench. Growth of strain MT2928T occurred optimally at 28 °C, pH 8.0–9.0 and in the presence of 1.0–2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain MT2928T belongs to the genus

Pontivivens

and has the highest sequence similarity to

Pontivivens insulae

GYSW-23T (96.6 %). Genomic analysis indicated that strain MT2928T contains a circular chromosome of 4 199 362 bp with G+C content of 67.2 mol%. The strain did not produce bacteriochlorophyll a, but produced carotenoid. The predominant respiratory quinone of MT2928T was ubiquinone-10. The polar lipids of MT2928T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified lipids and two unidentified phospholipids. The major fatty acids of strain MT2928T contained summed feature 8 (C18 : 1
ω7c or/and C18 : 1
ω6c), C18 : 0 and summed feature 2 (iso-C16 : 1 I and/or C14 : 0 3-OH). On the basis of phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and other phenotypic properties, strain MT2928T represents a novel species of the genus

Pontivivens

, and the name Pontivivens ytuae sp. nov. is proposed with the type species MT2928T (=MCCC 1K05575T=JCM 34320T).
A Comparative Study Between Nasopharyngeal/Oropharyngeal, Faecal and Saliva Viral Shedding In Ghanaian COVID-19 Patients attending Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Kumasi from October – December, 2020
Authors: Badu-Boatng Ernest , Asante Lydia Sarponmaa , Dompreh Albert , W. Laud Anthony Basing , Asante Kwabena Adjei , Karikari Sylvia , Adubofour Albert , Oppong Chris , Acheampong Faustina 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundDiagnostic testing for the current SARS-CoV-2 infections involves the collection and testing of invasive pharyngeal specimens by qualified Health workers. Though fully clad in personal protective equipment, the concern is that sampling in close proximity to the patient poses as a major health hazard. The present study sought to verify if saliva or faeces could become a possible surrogate for pharyngeal samples for SARS-CoV 2 testing in suspected Ghanaian COVID-19 patients.ObjectivesTo ascertain if there is SARS-CoV 2 viral shedding in the saliva and faecal samples of Ghanaian COVID-19 patients, their sensitivity and specificity as compared to pharyngeal samples.MethodFifty (50) recruited COVID-19 patients who have been confirmed via RT-PCR using their nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal samples and twenty (20) SARS-CoV 2 negative suspected patients each provided some faecal and saliva sample for RT-PCR analysis for SARS-CoV 2.ResultsForty-three (43) out of the fifty (50) COVID-19 patients recruited representing 86% tested positive for SARS-CoV 2 via their saliva sample whiles all their faecal samples tested positive for SARS-CoV 2 representing 100%. The sensitivity of saliva samples was 86% whiles the specificity was 100% but the sensitivity and specificity of the faecal samples were all 100%.ConclusionThere is indeed viral shedding of SARS-CoV 2 in the saliva and faeces of Ghanaian COVID-19 patients just like their counterparts in other parts of the world. Saliva and faeces could possibly become an alternative sample to the current in place of the invasive pharyngeal samples for SARS-CoV 2 testing in resource limited settings. Further research to explore this possibility at different testing sites with larger sample size is recommended.
Ultrafast, one-step, and microwave heating-based synthesis of DNA/RNA-AuNP conjugates
Authors: Huang Mengqi , Xiong Erhu , Hu Menglu , Yue Huahua , Tian Tian , Zhu Debin , Zhou Xiaoming 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDNA/RNA-gold nanoparticle (DNA/RNA-AuNP) nanoprobes have been widely employed for nanobiotechnology applications. Here we discovered that both thiolated and non-thiolated DNA/RNA can be efficiently attached to AuNPs to achieve high-stable spherical nucleic acid (SNA) within minutes under a domestic microwave (MW)-assisted heating-dry circumstance. Further studies showed that for non-thiolated DNA/RNA the conjugation is poly (T/U) tag dependent. Spectroscopy, test strip hybridization, and loading counting experiments indicate that low-affinity poly (T/U) tag mediates the formation of a standing-up conformation, which is distributed in the outer layer of such a SNA structure. In further applications study, CRISPR/Cas9-sgRNA (135 bp), RNA from Nucleocapsid (N) gene of SARS-CoV-2 (1279 bp), and rolling circle amplification (RCA) DNA products (over 1000 bp) could be successfully attached on AuNPs, which overcomes the routine methods in long-chain nucleic acid-AuNP conjugation, exhibiting great promise in novel biosensing and nucleic acids delivery strategy. This novel heating-dry strategy has improved the traditional DNA/RNA-AuNP conjugation methods in simplicity, rapidity, cost, and universality.
Dinophiliformia early neurogenesis suggests the evolution of conservative neural structures across the Annelida phylogenetic tree
Authors: Fofanova Elizaveta , Mayorova Tatiana D. , Voronezhskaya Elena E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDespite the increasing data concerning the structure of the adult nervous system in various Lophotrochozoa groups, the early events during the neurogenesis of rare and unique groups need clarification. Annelida are a diverse clade of Lophotrochozoa, and their representatives demonstrate a variety of body plans, lifestyles, and life cycles. Comparative data about the early development are available for Errantia, Sedentaria, Sipuncula and Palaeoannelida; however, our knowledge of Dinophiliformia is currently scarce. Representatives of Dinophiliformia are small interstitial worms combining unique morphological features of different Lophotrochozoan taxa and expressing paedomorphic traits. We describe in detail the early neurogenesis of two related species: Dimorphilus gyrociliatus and Dinophilus vorticoides, from the appearance of first nerve cells until the formation of an adult body plan. In both species, the first cells were detected at the anterior and posterior regions at the early trochophore stage and demonstrated positive reactions with pan-neuronal marker anti-acetylated tubulin only. Long fibers of early cells grow towards each other and form longitudinal bundles along which differentiating neurons later appear and send their processes. We propose that these early cells serve as pioneer neurons, forming a layout of the adult nervous system. The early anterior cell of D. vorticoides is transient and present during the short embryonic period, while early anterior and posterior cells in D. gyrociliatus are maintained throughout the whole lifespan of the species. During development, the growing processes of early cells form compact brain neuropile, paired ventral and lateral longitudinal bundles; unpaired medial longitudinal bundle; and commissures in the ventral hyposphere. Specific 5-HT- and FMRFa-immunopositive neurons differentiate adjacent to the ventral bundles and brain neuropile in the middle trochophore and late trochophore stages, i.e. after the main structures of the nervous system have already been established. Processes of 5-HT- and FMRFa-positive cells constitute a small proportion of the tubulin-immunopositive brain neuropile, ventral cords, and commissures in all developmental stages. No 5-HT- and FMRFa-positive cells similar to apical sensory cells of other Lophotrochozoa were detected. We conclude that: (i) like in Errantia and Sedentaria, Dinophiliformia neurogenesis starts from the peripheral cells, whose processes prefigure the forming adult nervous system, (ii) Dinophiliformia early cells are negative to 5-HT and FMRFa antibodies like Sedentaria pioneer cells.
Mitochondrial double-stranded RNAs as a pivotal mediator in the pathogenesis of Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Yoon Jimin , Lee Minseok , Ali Ahsan Ausaf , Oh Ye Rim , Choi Yong Seok , Kim Sujin , Lee Namseok , Jang Se Gwang , Kwok Seung-Ki , Hyon Joon Young , Cha Seunghee , Lee Yun Jong , Im Sung Gap , Kim Yoosik 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveSjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that targets the exocrine glands, resulting in impaired saliva and tear secretion. To date, type I interferons (I-IFNs) are increasingly recognized as pivotal mediators in SS, but their endogenous drivers have not been elucidated. This study investigates the role of mitochondrial double-stranded RNAs (mt-dsRNAs) in regulating I-IFN response in SS.MethodsSaliva and tear from SS patients and controls (n=73 for saliva and n=16 for tear), the salivary glands of the SS-prone-non-obese-diabetic mouse, and primary human salivary glandular cells were screened for mt-dsRNAs by RT-qPCR. The human salivary cell line (NS-SV-AC) grown as three-dimensional spheroids were subject to dsRNA stress to measure mt-dsRNA induction and recapitulation of SS glandular inflammatory features. Acetylcholine, SS-IgG, upadacitinib (JAK1 inhibitor), or 2-C′-methyladenosine (mitochondrial transcription inhibitor) were applied to characterize the roles of mt-dsRNAs. To identify endogenous dsRNA-sensor and confirm the mitochondrial origin of cytoplasmic dsRNAs, the immunoprecipitation of dsRNAs was performed.Resultsmt-dsRNAs were elevated in the SS specimens with salivary ND5 and tear CYTB1 being statistically associated with secretory dysfunction/inflammation and corneal/conjunctival damage, respectively. Stimulation of the spheroids with dsRNA stress of poly I:C induced mt-dsRNAs, p-PKR, and I-IFNS via the JAK1/STAT pathway whereas the inhibition of mt-RNA synthesis or JAK1 attenuated the glandular signature. The inhibitory effect of acetylcholine on mt-dsRNAs and I-IFNS induction was reversed by SS-IgG.Conclusionmt-dsRNAs amplify the impact of dsRNA stress on SS glandular signaturesin vitro, potentially propagating a pseudo-viral signal in the SS target tissue.SummaryMitochondrial double-stranded RNA levels were elevated in the tear and saliva of SS patients, which was associated with secretory dysfunction and tissue inflammation. These RNAs amplified type I interferon signature as well as glandular phenotypes reported in SS. Inhibitors of mitochondrial RNA transcription or JAK1 in salivary gland acinar cell spheroids attenuated the mitochondrial RNA-mediated changes.
Monitoring photogenic ecological phenomena: Social network site images reveal spatiotemporal phases of Japanese cherry blooms
Authors: ElQadi Moataz Medhat , Dyer Adrian G , Vlasveld Carolyn , Dorin Alan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSome ecological phenomena are visually engaging and widely celebrated. Consequently, these have the potential to generate large footprints in the online and social media image records which may be valuable for ecological research. Cherry tree blooms are one such event, especially in Japan where they are a cultural symbol (Sakura, 桜). For centuries, the Japanese have celebrated Hanami (flower viewing) and the historical data record of the festival allows for phenological studies over this period, one application of which is climate reconstruction. Here we analyse Flickr social network site data in an analogous way to reveal the cherry blossoms’ seasonal sweep from southern to northern Japan over a twelve-week period.Our method analyses data filtered using geographical constraints, multi-stage text-tag classification, and machine vision, to assess image content for relevance to our research question and use it to estimate historic cherry bloom times. We validated our estimated bloom times against official data, demonstrating the accuracy of the approach. We also investigated an out of season Autumn blooming that has gained worldwide media attention. Despite the complexity of human photographic and social media activity and the relatively small scale of this event, our method can reveal that this bloom has in fact been occurring over a decade.The approach we propose in our case study enables quick and effective monitoring of the photogenic spatiotemporal aspects of our rapidly changing world. It has the potential to be applied broadly to many ecological phenomena of widespread interest.