bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and factors related to psychological distress among ethnic minority adults in a semi-modern village in rural Vietnam: an evolutionary mismatch framework
Authors: Speciale Alex C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background and objectives
Psychological distress is one of the greatest health threats facing humanity and has been hypothesized to represent an evolutionary mismatch. This hypothesis can be tested in semi-traditional societies that are undergoing transitions to modern lifestyles. This study used an evolutionary medicine framework to examine the predictors of psychological distress symptomology in a semi-modern ethnic minority village in rural Vietnam that is transitioning into a developing economy.

Methodology
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Chieng Sai Village among White Thai ethnic minority adults aged 18–75. The DASS-21 scale was used to measure the prevalence of psychological distress symptoms (depression and stress), and a closed format questionnaire was used to collect data on independent variables within an evolutionary mismatch framework. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to determine associated factors of psychological distress symptomology.

Results
The prevalence of psychological distress symptoms was 22% (depression = 16.9%, stress = 16.3%). Common features of modernity, such as low levels of exercise, boredom, and low income, showed positive associations with psychological distress, while lifestyle features that were more similar to those expected in the evolutionary past and that fulfill evolutionary adaptations, such as getting enough sleep, adequate physical exertion, and access to resources (earning a sufficient income), showed negative associations with psychological distress.

Conclusions and implications
This study suggests that modern lifestyles might have generated evolutionary mismatches that are negatively impacting mental health in Chieng Sai Village. Further investigations on mental health in rural Vietnam are warrented. Future research should focus on determining the causal relationship between psychological distress and evolutionary mismatches. Evolutionary medicine approaches to understanding and preventing psychological distress are potential forces of insight to be considered in public health and educational policy.

Lay summary
Approximately 22% of White Thai ethnic minority adults in the village of Cheing Sai reported psychological distress symptoms. I found that lifestyle factors prevalent in modern society had positive associations with psychological distress symptomology, while lifestyle factors that mimic aspects of the human evolutionary past, such as adequate physical exertion, had negative associations with psychological distress symptoms.
Population and comparative genetics of thermotolerance divergence between yeast species
Authors: Abrams Melanie B , Dubin Claire A , AlZaben Faisal , Bravo Juan , Joubert Pierre M , Weiss Carly V , Brem Rachel B 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Many familiar traits in the natural world—from lions’ manes to the longevity of bristlecone pine trees—arose in the distant past, and have long since fixed in their respective species. A key challenge in evolutionary genetics is to figure out how and why species-defining traits have come to be. We used the thermotolerance growth advantage of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae over its sister species Saccharomyces paradoxus as a model for addressing these questions. Analyzing loci at which the S. cerevisiae allele promotes thermotolerance, we detected robust evidence for positive selection, including amino acid divergence between the species and conservation within S. cerevisiae populations. Because such signatures were particularly strong at the chromosome segregation gene ESP1, we used this locus as a case study for focused mechanistic follow-up. Experiments revealed that, in culture at high temperature, the S. paradoxus ESP1 allele conferred a qualitative defect in biomass accumulation and cell division relative to the S. cerevisiae allele. Only genetic divergence in the ESP1 coding region mattered phenotypically, with no functional impact detectable from the promoter. Our data support a model in which an ancient ancestor of S. cerevisiae, under selection to boost viability at high temperature, acquired amino acid variants at ESP1 and many other loci, which have been constrained since then. Complex adaptations of this type hold promise as a paradigm for interspecies genetics, especially in deeply diverged traits that may have taken millions of years to evolve.
Allele-specific suppression in Caenorhabditis elegans reveals details of EMS mutagenesis and a possible moonlighting interaction between the vesicular acetylcholine transporter and ERD2 receptors
Authors: Mathews Eleanor A , Stroud Dave , Mullen Gregory P , Gavriilidis Gavriil , Duerr Janet S , Rand James B , Hodgkin Jonathan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A missense mutant, unc-17(e245), which affects the Caenorhabditis elegans vesicular acetylcholine transporter UNC-17, has a severe uncoordinated phenotype, allowing efficient selection of dominant suppressors that revert this phenotype to wild-type. Such selections permitted isolation of numerous suppressors after EMS (ethyl methanesulfonate) mutagenesis, leading to demonstration of delays in mutation fixation after initial EMS treatment, as has been shown in T4 bacteriophage but not previously in eukaryotes. Three strong dominant extragenic suppressor loci have been defined, all of which act specifically on allele e245, which causes a G347R mutation in UNC-17. Two of the suppressors (sup-1 and sup-8/snb-1) have previously been shown to encode synaptic proteins able to interact directly with UNC-17. We found that the remaining suppressor, sup-2, corresponds to a mutation in erd-2.1, which encodes an endoplasmic reticulum retention protein; sup-2 causes a V186E missense mutation in transmembrane helix 7 of ERD-2.1. The same missense change introduced into the redundant paralogous gene erd-2.2 also suppressed unc-17(e245). Suppression presumably occurred by compensatory charge interactions between transmembrane helices of UNC-17 and ERD-2.1 or ERD-2.2, as previously proposed in work on suppression by SUP-1(G84E) or SUP-8(I97D)/synaptobrevin. erd-2.1(V186E) homozygotes were fully viable, but erd-2.1(V186E); erd-2.2(RNAi) exhibited synthetic lethality [like erd-2.1(RNAi); erd-2.2(RNAi)], indicating that the missense change in ERD-2.1 impairs its normal function in the secretory pathway but may allow it to adopt a novel moonlighting function as an unc-17 suppressor.
Magnetic fabric from Quaternary volcanic edifices in the extensional Bransfield Basin: internal structure of Penguin and Bridgeman islands (South Shetlands archipelago, Antarctica)
Authors: Oliva-Urcia B , López-Martínez J , Maestro A , Gil A , Schmid T , Lambán L J , Galé C , Ubide T , Lago M 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARYStudying the magnetic fabric in volcanic edifices, particularly lava flows from recent eruptions, allows us to understand the orientation distribution of the minerals related to the flow direction and properly characterize older and/or eroded flows. In this work, the magnetic fabric from recent (Quaternary) lava flows (slightly inclined in seven sites and plateau lavas in two sites), pyroclastic deposits (two sites from a scoria cone) and volcanic cones, domes and plugs (three sites) from Penguin and Bridgeman islands, located in the Bransfield backarc basin, are presented. The volcanism in the two islands is related to rifting occurring due to the opening of the Bransfield Strait, between the South Shetlands archipelago and the Antarctic Peninsula. The direction of flow of magmatic material is unknown. Rock magnetic analyses, low temperature measurements and electron microscope observations (back-scattered electron imaging and Energy Dispersive X-ray analyses) reveal a Ti-poor magnetite (and maghemite) as the main carrier of the magnetic fabric. Hematite may be present in some samples. Samples from the centre of the lavas reveal a magnetic lineation either parallel or imbricated with respect to the flow plane, whereas in the plateau lavas the magnetic lineation is contained within the subhorizontal plane except in vesicle-rich samples, where imbrication occurs. The magnetic lineation indicates a varied flow direction in Bridgeman Island with respect to the spreading Bransfield Basin axis. The flow direction in the plateau lavas on Penguin Island is deduced from the imbrication of the magnetic fabric in the more vesicular parts, suggesting a SE–NW flow. The volcanic domes are also imbricated with respect to an upward flow, and the bombs show scattered distribution.
TBN improves motor function and prolongs survival in a TDP-43M337V mouse model of ALS
Authors: Huang Chunhui , Li Jun , Zhang Guiliang , Lin Yingqi , Li Caijuan , Zheng Xiao , Song Xichen , Han Bofeng , Guo Baojian , Tu Zhuchi , Zhang Jun , Sun Yewei , Wang Yuqiang , Zhang Zaijun , Yan Sen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) are serious neurodegenerative diseases. Although their pathogenesis is unclear, the abnormal accumulation of TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) is a pathological feature that exists in almost all patients. Thus far, there is no drug that can cure ALS/FTLD. Tetramethylpyrazine nitrone (TBN) is a derivative of tetramethylapyrazine, derived from the traditional Chinese medicine Ligusticum chuanxiong, which has been widely proven to have therapeutic effects on models of various neurodegenerative diseases. TBN is currently under clinical investigation for several indications including a Phase II trial of ALS. Here, we explored the therapeutic effect of TBN in an ALS/FTLD mouse model. We injected the TDP-43 M337V virus into the striatum of mice unilaterally and bilaterally, and then administered 30 mg/kg TBN intragastrically to observe changes in behavior and survival rate of mice. The results showed that in mice with unilateral injection of TDP-43M337V into the striatum, TBN improved motor deficits and cognitive impairment in the early stages of disease progression. In mice with bilateral injection of TDP-43M337V into the striatum, TBN not only improved motor function but also prolonged survival rate. Moreover, we show that its therapeutic effect may be through activation of the Akt/mTOR/GSK-3β and AMPK/PGC-1α/Nrf2 signaling pathways. In summary, TBN is a promising agent for the treatment of ALS/FTLD.
Phenotypic recapitulation and correction of desmoglein-2-deficient cardiomyopathy using human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: Shiba Mikio , Higo Shuichiro , Kondo Takumi , Li Junjun , Liu Li , Ikeda Yoshihiko , Kohama Yasuaki , Kameda Satoshi , Tabata Tomoka , Inoue Hiroyuki , Nakamura Satoki , Takeda Maki , Ito Emiko , Takashima Seiji , Miyagawa Shigeru , Sawa Yoshiki , Hikoso Shungo , Sakata Yasushi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Desmoglein-2, encoded by DSG2, is one of the desmosome proteins that maintain the structural integrity of tissues, including heart. Genetic mutations in DSG2 cause arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, mainly in an autosomal dominant manner. Here, we identified a homozygous stop-gain mutations in DSG2 (c.C355T, p.R119X) that led to complete desmoglein-2 deficiency in a patient with severe biventricular heart failure. Histological analysis revealed abnormal deposition of desmosome proteins, disrupted intercalated disk structures in the myocardium. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were generated from the patient (R119X-iPSC), and the mutated DSG2 gene locus was heterozygously corrected to a normal allele via homology-directed repair (HDR-iPSC). Both isogenic iPSCs were differentiated into cardiomyocytes [induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs)]. Multielectrode array analysis detected abnormal excitation in R119X-iPSC-CMs but not in HDR-iPSC-CMs. Micro-force testing of three-dimensional self-organized tissue rings (SOTRs) revealed tissue fragility and a weak maximum force in SOTRs from R119X-iPSC-CMs. Notably, these phenotypes were significantly recovered in HDR-iPSC-CMs. Myocardial fiber structures in R119X-iPSC-CMs were severely aberrant, and electron microscopic analysis confirmed that desmosomes were disrupted in these cells. Unexpectedly, the absence of desmoglein-2 in R119X-iPSC-CMs led to decreased expression of desmocollin-2 but no other desmosome proteins. Adeno-associated virus-mediated replacement of DSG2 significantly recovered the contraction force in SOTRs generated from R119X-iPSC-CMs. Our findings confirm the presence of a desmoglein-2-deficient cardiomyopathy among clinically diagnosed dilated cardiomyopathies. Recapitulation and correction of the disease phenotype using iPSC-CMs provide evidence to support the development of precision medicine and the proof of concept for gene replacement therapy for this cardiomyopathy.
Lack of association of somatic CAG repeat expansion with striatal neurodegeneration in HD knock-in animal models
Authors: Bai Dazhang , Yin Peng , Zhang Yiran , Sun Fengwei , Chen Laiqiang , Lin Li , Yan Sen , Li Shihua , Li Xiao-Jiang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Our previous work has established a huntingtin knock-in (KI) pig model that displays striatal neuronal loss, allowing us to examine if somatic CAG expansion in striatum accounts for the preferential neurodegeneration in Huntington disease (HD). We found that HD KI pigs do not display somatic CAG expansion in striatum as HD KI mice and that the majority of polyQ repeats in exon 1 HTT in the striatum of HD KI mice are fairly stable. We also found that striatal MSH2 and MLH3, which are involved in DNA repair, are more abundant in mouse brains than pig brains. Consistently inhibiting MSH2 and MLH3 reduced the somatic CAG expansion in HD KI mouse striatum with no influence on neuropathology. Our findings suggest that somatic CAG expansion is species-dependent, occurs in a small fraction of the HD gene in mice, and does not critically contribute to HD neuropathology.
Extension Theory for Braided-Enriched Fusion Categories
Authors: Jones Corey , Morrison Scott , Penneys David , Plavnik Julia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFor a braided fusion category $\mathcal{V}$, a $\mathcal{V}$-fusion category is a fusion category $\mathcal{C}$ equipped with a braided monoidal functor $\mathcal{F}:\mathcal{V} \to Z(\mathcal{C})$. Given a fixed $\mathcal{V}$-fusion category $(\mathcal{C}, \mathcal{F})$ and a fixed $G$-graded extension $\mathcal{C}\subseteq \mathcal{D}$ as an ordinary fusion category, we characterize the enrichments $\widetilde{\mathcal{F}}:\mathcal{V} \to Z(\mathcal{D})$ of $\mathcal{D}$ that are compatible with the enrichment of $\mathcal{C}$. We show that G-crossed extensions of a braided fusion category $\mathcal{C}$ are G-extensions of the canonical enrichment of $\mathcal{C}$ over itself. As an application, we parameterize the set of $G$-crossed braidings on a fixed $G$-graded fusion category in terms of certain subcategories of its center, extending Nikshych’s classification of the braidings on a fusion category.
Semiclassical Resolvent Bounds for Long-Range Lipschitz Potentials
Authors: Galkowski Jeffrey , Shapiro Jacob 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We give an elementary proof of weighted resolvent estimates for the semiclassical Schrödinger operator $-h^2 \Delta + V(x) - E$ in dimension $n \neq 2$, where $h, \, E&gt; 0$. The potential is real valued and $V$ and $\partial _r V$ exhibit long-range decay at infinity and may grow like a sufficiently small negative power of $r$ as $r \to 0$. The resolvent norm grows exponentially in $h^{-1}$, but near infinity it grows linearly. When $V$ is compactly supported, we obtain linear growth if the resolvent is multiplied by weights supported outside a ball of radius $CE^{-1/2}$ for some $C&gt; 0$. This $E$-dependence is sharp and answers a question of Datchev and Jin.
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Vicenin-2, Orientin, Cynaroside, Betulinic Acid, Genistein, and Major Eight Bioactive Constituents with LC-ESI-MS/MS Profiling in Ocimum Genus
Authors: Girme Aboli , Bhoj Prajkta , Saste Ganesh , Pawar Sandeep , Mirgal Amit , Raut Dipak , Chavan Machindra , Hingorani Lal 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Ocimum genus, known as Tulsi or Basil, is a prominent botanical class in Asian culture, especially in India. The leaves have immunomodulatory, antioxidant, stress-relieving, and adaptogenic roles in traditional and modern medicine, with prominent usage in herbal teas and nutraceuticals.

Objective
An high-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array (HPLC-PDA) method was developed and validated for quantification of vicenin-2, orientin, cynaroside, betulinic acid, genistein with syringic acid, rosmarinic acid, eugenol, carnosic acid, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, luteolin, and apigenin and was confirmed using a novel electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) method in the Ocimum genus samples.

Method
The methodology parameters were developed on an reverse phase (RP) C18 column with a gradient elution of 1 mL/min flow rate for 0.1% o-phosphoric acid and acetonitrile at 210 and 340 nm wavelengths.

Results
The validation data for 13 bioactive compounds showed good linearity (r2 &gt; 0.99) with sensitive LOD (0.034–0.684 µg/mL) and LOQ (0.100–2.068 µg/mL) with recoveries (83.66–101.53%). The results of the quantification were found to be precise (RSD, &lt;5.0%) and accurate (relative error (RE), -0.60–1.06). The method performance was verified by analyzing 10 samples of O. tenuiflorum from the 10 geographical states of India (RSD, &lt;5.0%) and were found to be robust. This HPLC-PDA method with ESI-MS/MS confirmation was applicable to the 13 cultivars from O. thyrsiflorum, O. citriodorum, O. americanum, O. africanum, O. basilicum, O. gratissimum, and O. tenuiflorum species.

Conclusions
The validated HPLC-PDA and LC-ESI-MS/MS method was found to be selective and suitable for analyzing 13 compounds in O. tenuiflorum and 12 cultivars from the Ocimum genus as a quality control tool. This method can be used in routine analysis as an inexpensive alternative to advanced techniques.

Highlights
This work is the first to report for vicenin-2, orientin, cynaroside, betulinic acid, and genistein, with simultaneous analysis of eight bioactive compounds in the Ocimum genus.
Assessment of a Nondestructive Method for Rapid Discrimination of Moroccan Date Palm Varieties via Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Chemometric Models
Authors: Elhamdaoui Omar , El Orche Aimen , Cheikh Amine , Karrouchi Khalid , Laarej Khalid , Bouatia Mustapha 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Morocco is an important world producer and consumer of several varieties of date palm. In fact, the discrimination between varieties remains difficult and requires the use of complex and high-cost techniques.

Objective
We evaluated in this work the potential of mid-IR (MIR) spectroscopy and chemometric models to discriminate eight date palm varieties.

Method
Four chemometric models were applied for the analysis of the spectral data, including principal-component analysis (PCA), support-vector machine discriminant analysis (SVM-DA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and partial-least-squares (PLS) analysis. MIR spectroscopic data were recorded from the wavenumber range 4000–600 cm−1, with a spectral resolution of 4 cm−1.

Results
The discriminant analysis was performed by LDA and SVM-DA with a 100% correct classification rate for the date mesocarp. PLS analysis was applied as a complementary chemometric tool aimed at quantifying moisture content; the validation of this model shows a good predictive capacity with a regression coefficient of 84% and a root-mean-square error of cross-validation of 0.50.

Conclusions
The present study clearly demonstrates that MIR spectroscopy combined with chemometric approaches constitutes a promising analytical method to classify date palms according to their varietal origin and to establish a regression model for predicting moisture content.

Highlights
An alternative analytical method to discriminate date palm cultivars by FTIR-attenuated total reflection spectroscopy coupled with chemometric approaches is described.
A geometrical description for interplanetary propagation of Earth-directed CMEs based on radiative proxies
Authors: Salas-Matamoros C , Sanchez-Guevara J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a 3D geometrical model to describe the propagation and expansion of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in the interplanetary space based on radiative proxies to be implemented in previous procedures that use SXR and microwave emissions to estimate the Earth-directed CME propagation speed. We carefully selected a sample of 45 well-defined CME-ICME events to evaluate our model. We computed this 3D geometrical model for each event as a tool to improve the arrival time predictions based on radiative proxies. We conducted a different analysis for each radiative proxy: SXR emission and microwave emission at 9 GHz, and we compared the results separately with the observations by the Wind spacecraft. In general, the results showed that the implementation of our 3D geometrical model improves the predictions and provides an important complement to the arrival time prediction method based on radiative proxies, especially for CME events whose source origin were located at helio longitudes far from the central meridian at least 10°. Improvements for this tool based on observations by Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter must be developed in the future work.
AstroSat observation of the HBL 1ES 1959+650 during its October 2017 flaring
Authors: Shah Zahir , Ezhikode Savithri H , Misra Ranjeev , Rajalakshmi T R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the results of the X-ray flaring activity of 1ES 1959+650 during 2017 October 25–26 using AstroSat observations. The source was variable in the X-ray. We investigated the evolution of the X-ray spectral properties of the source by dividing the total observation period (∼130 ks) into time segments of 5 ks, and fitting the Soft X-ray focusing Telescope and Large Area X-ray Proportional Counter spectra for each segment. Synchrotron emission of a broken power-law particle density model provided a better fit than the log-parabola one. The X-ray flux and the normalized particle density at an energy less than the break one were found to anticorrelate with the index before the break. However, a stronger correlation between the density and index was obtained when a delay of ∼60 ks was introduced. The amplitude of the normalized particle density variation |Δnγ/nγ| ∼ 0.1 was found to be less than that of the index ΔΓ ∼ 0.5. We model the amplitudes and the time delay in a scenario where the particle acceleration time-scale varies on a time-scale comparable to itself. In this framework, the rest-frame acceleration time-scale is estimated to be ∼1.97 × 105 s and the emission region size to be ∼6.73 × 1015 cm.