bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of an Automated Spinning‐Band Column as a Module for Laboratory Distillation
Authors: Bittorf Lukas , Böttger Nils , Neumann Daniel , Winter Alina , Kockmann Norbert 
Published: July 2021

AbstractModularization is a promising technology to respond to short product life cycles. Not only in production but also in the laboratory, the concept of modularization can help to quickly explore new products or processes. A modular continuously operated spinning‐band distillation column for small product amounts is presented and characterized regarding operating window and separation efficiency. The column can be used either for first product amounts within a small‐scale production or as feasibility studies for distillation in a scale‐up context with small amounts of resources, energy, and time. By introducing the modular automation concept and a certain degree of automation structures, this column can be operated almost fully automatically and integrated quickly to higher automation structures such as a process orchestration layer.
Maximizing soybean yield by understanding planting date, maturity group, and seeding rate interactions in North Carolina
Authors: Morris Tristan C. , Vann Rachel A. , Heitman Josh , Collins Guy D. , Heiniger Ryan W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGrowers across theU.S. Southeast use a diversity of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] planting dates, maturity groups, and seeding rates for soybean production depending on their rotational complexity. Studies were conducted across seven North Carolina environments in 2019 and 2020 to determine the effect of planting date (mid‐March through mid‐July), maturity group (MG 2–8), and seeding rate (185,329–432,434 seeds ha–1) on soybean emergence, stand, and yield. Across environments, soybean typically emerged more quickly with later planting dates; however, there were location‐specific variations in soybean emergence due to weather conditions around the time of planting. The longest and shortest emergence periods were 26 d for soybean planted in mid‐March and 4 d for soybean planted in June and July, respectively. In the higher yielding environments, yield was maximized with MG 3–4 cultivars planted at early April planting dates and yield declined as planting was delayed. In the low yield environments, yield was maximized with late April to mid‐May planting dates, typically with MG 5–7 cultivars. There was a penalty in both yield environments to planting past mid‐May and in the low yield environments for planting before mid‐April. Across environments, yields tended to be more similar among cultivars higher than MG 3 at planting dates in June and July. The effect of seeding rate on soybean yield was variable across planting dates, maturity groups, and yield environments. Future research is needed in North Carolina to validate the planting date and maturity group interactions on yield observed in this experiment to capture more variation in weather conditions.
Is ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of axillary lymph nodes a viable alternative to sentinel lymph node biopsy?
Authors: Astvatsaturyan Kristine , Ramazyan Arsen , Bose Shikha 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAxillary lymph node (ALN) ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (US‐FNAB), a minimally invasive procedure, may be used for the preoperative evaluation of ALN status of breast cancer patients. Despite the relative ease of use and low cost, paucity of comparative studies and variation in the reported sensitivity of FNAB preclude its clinical utility in evaluation of ALNs. This study aims to determine the accuracy of US‐FNAB in detecting metastasis in ALN pre‐operatively and to assess US‐FNAB as a viable alternative to sentinel lymph node (SLN) excision.MethodsThe 228 consecutive ALN US‐FNABs with subsequent histologic follow up performed from 2005 to 2020 in patients with breast carcinoma were retrospectively evaluated. FNAB results were correlated with histologic diagnosis. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and risk of malignancy of FNAB were calculated.Results157/228 (69%) FNABs were concordant with histology, 37/228 (16%) discordant. Positive FNAB findings correlated with primary tumor size, grade, number of metastatic lymph nodes and size of metastases. FNAB with negative diagnosis carried a 22% risk of malignancy, atypical 43%, suspicious 80%, and positive a 100% risk of malignancy (100% positive predictive value [PPV]). The sensitivity and specificity were 78% and 95% respectively; accuracy was 77%. SLN biopsy was avoided in all 82 (36%) cases with positive FNAB results.ConclusionNegative FNAB result does not exclude metastatic carcinoma. With 100% PPV, full ALN dissection and/or neoadjuvant chemotherapy can be safely planned after a positive FNAB result, avoiding SLN biopsy, reducing management costs and shortening time interval to definitive therapy.
Ecological features benefiting sustainable harvesters in socio‐ecological systems: a case study of Swiftlets in Malaysia
Authors: Nakamaru Mayuko , Onuma Ayumi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA major challenge in biodiversity management is overharvesting by unsustainable harvesters. If a scenario could be created where sustainable harvesters benefit more than the unsustainable ones, even in the short term, the issue of overharvesting would be solved. Everyone would then follow the lead of sustainable harvesters. However, creating such a scenario is not an easy task; the difficulty is intensified if the habitat is open access and there is no property rights system. Swiftlets in Sarawak, Malaysia, present a special case where sustainable harvesters are believed to be more beneficial than unsustainable harvesters. Edible nests built by adult Swiftlets are used as ingredients for a traditional luxurious soup in Chinese cuisine. A rise in nest prices has increased the instances of unsustainable harvesters wrongfully collecting nests along with the eggs and fledglings, which are then abandoned. Swiftlets live in caves and build nests on cave ceilings. It is known that Swiftlets escape from cave ceilings when these harvesters take the nests, never to return to the same place. This ecological feature appears to work as the Swiftlet's indirect punishment against unsustainable harvesters. This study constructs a stage‐structured population model and examines the effect of property rights and the indirect punishment by Swiftlets on the population dynamics of the bird, and on the economic return of both sustainable and unsustainable harvesters. Our findings are as follows: the indirect punishment by Swiftlets provides sustainable harvesters a higher short‐term return than unsustainable harvesters under the property rights system, as long as Swiftlets return to their original cave after escaping from the unsustainable harvesters. While previous studies regarding the management of the commons have stressed the importance of rules and regulations for sustainable harvesting without considering the ecological uniqueness of each species, this study suggests that ecological exploration and the discovery of ecological features are also essential for designing a sustainable framework.
The neurostructural and neurocognitive effects of physical activity: A potential benefit to promote eating disorder recovery
Authors: Mathisen Therese Fostervold , Sundgot‐Borgen Jorunn , Bulik Cynthia M. , Bratland‐Sanda Solfrid 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests that supervised and adapted physical activity provides cognitive benefits for individuals with eating disorders (EDs). The mechanisms underlying the benefits of physical activity are poorly understood. Addressing this knowledge gap may inform the appropriate integration of structured physical activity into eating disorders treatment and recovery. We draw attention to recent findings in the study of the impact of physical activity on the brain, and we describe the neurostructural and neurocognitive changes associated with physical activity observed in various clinical and nonclinical populations. Considering the identified impairment in brain volume‐ and/or neurocognitive function in various EDs, we propose that positive effects of physical activity may play a meaningful role in successful ED treatment. Accordingly, we outline research steps for closing the knowledge gap on how physical activity may aid in ED recovery, and emphasize the need to combine measures of cognitive and behavioral responses to physical activity, with technology capable of measuring changes in brain structure and/or function.
Low‐coverage whole‐genome sequencing reveals molecular markers for spawning season and sex identification in Gulf of Maine Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua, Linnaeus 1758)
Authors: O’Donnell Timothy P. , Sullivan Timothy J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAtlantic cod (Gadus morhua, Linnaeus 1758) in the western Gulf of Maine are managed as a single stock despite several lines of evidence supporting two spawning groups (spring and winter) that overlap spatially, while exhibiting seasonal spawning isolation. Low‐coverage whole‐genome sequencing was used to evaluate the genomic population structure of Atlantic cod spawning groups in the western Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank using 222 individuals collected over multiple years. Results indicated low total genomic differentiation, while also showing strong differentiation between spring and winter‐spawning groups at specific regions of the genome. Guided regularized random forest and ranked FST methods were used to select panels of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that could reliably distinguish spring and winter‐spawning Atlantic cod (88.5% assignment rate), as well as males and females (95.0% assignment rate) collected in the western Gulf of Maine. These SNP panels represent a valuable tool for fisheries research and management of Atlantic cod in the western Gulf of Maine that will aid investigations of stock production and support accuracy of future assessments.
The type of leg lost affects habitat use but not survival in a non‐regenerating arthropod
Authors: Escalante Ignacio , Elias Damian O. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFinding shelter and surviving encounters with predators are pervasive challenges for animals. These challenges may be exacerbated after individuals experience bodily damage. Certain forms of damage arise voluntarily in animals; for instance, some taxa release appendages (tails, legs, or other body parts) as a defensive strategy (“autotomy”). This behavior, however, may pose long‐term negative consequences for habitat use and survival. Additionally, these putative consequences are expected to vary according to the function of the lost body part. We tested the effects of losing different functional leg types (locomotor or sensory) on future habitat use and survival in a Neotropical species of Prionostemma harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) that undergo frequent autotomy but do not regrow limbs. Daytime surveys revealed that both eight‐legged harvestmen and harvestmen missing legs roosted in similar frequencies across habitats (tree bark, mossy tree, or fern), and perched at similar heights. Mark–recapture data showed that harvestmen that lost sensory legs roosted in tree bark less frequently, but on mossy trees more frequently. On the contrary, we did not observe changes in habitat use for eight‐legged animals or animals that lost locomotor legs. This change might be related to sensory exploration and navigation. Lastly, we found that recapture rates across substrates were not affected by the type of legs lost, suggesting that leg loss does not impact survival. This potential lack of effect might play a role in why a defensive strategy like autotomy is so prevalent in harvestmen despite the lack of regeneration.
On entropy generation due to transient MHD radiative free convection with induced magnetic field in a porous medium channel
Authors: Vyas Paresh , Yadav Kusum 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe communication pertains to transient magnetohydrodynamics radiative free convection flow with induced magnetic field in a porous medium channel of width L. The setup is subjected to a uniform magnetic field normal to the channel walls and stands for the induced magnetic field. A Cartesian coordinate system is chosen where x*‐axis is taken along the left channel wall and y*‐axis is normal to it. At the time t* = 0, both the walls and the fluid bear a fixed temperature . At the time t* > 0, that is, the onset of the convection, the temperatures of the walls at y* = 0 and at y* = L are just changed to and , respectively, where  <  and  < . The radiative flux qr in the energy equation is assumed to follow the Rosseland approximation. The Keller‐box method has been invoked to solve the governing system encompassing the momentum, energy, and magnetic field equations. The numerical solution strategy yields velocity and temperature distributions, skin friction, and Nusselt number. The velocity and temperature fields are used to compute entropy. Distributions for entropy and Bejan number are shown graphically through two‐dimensional (2D) and 3D plots and discussed. The central objective of this study is to analyze inherent thermodynamic irreversibility. The study has direct applications in plasma aerodynamics and nuclear engineering control where the magnetic field is used as a tool to control flow and heat characteristics. The present study is novel in terms of the objective of the study and the implicit finite difference solution strategy called the Keller‐box method. From the 2D and 3D plots, it is found that the entropy and Bejan number experience qualitative and quantitative variations for varying Brinkman number, radiation parameter, Darcy number, magnetic Prandtl number, Grashoff number, and time. The skin friction and Nusselt number at the channel walls witness qualitative variations for varying parameters.
Electricity generation using solar parabolic dish system with thermoelectric generator—An experimental investigation
Authors: Sahu Susant Kumar , K Arjun Singh , Natarajan Sendhil Kumar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe present electricity grid installation cost as well as the tariff is quite high in India, particularly remote rural areas, to electrify houses. These problems can be easily solved by installing standalone systems that operate on one of the clean energy sources such as solar energy. An experimental analysis of generating electricity from a thermoelectric generator (TEG) powered by a solar parabolic dish concentrator device with aperture area and focal length of 12.6 m2 and 2.42 m, respectively, is presented in this article. A TEG is made up of a thermoelectric module connected to a flat receiver by an absorber layer. The studies were carried out in Indian climatic conditions at the National Institute of Technology, Puducherry. Over a spectrum of beam radiation, the system's maximum energy conversion efficiency, as well as efficient electrical output, are evaluated and presented. The proposed system's average effective electrical efficiency is 0.424%, corresponding to the TEG's average energy conversion efficiency of 2.76%.
Magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer flow of nanofluid with variable chemical reaction in a radiative vertical plate
Authors: Rahman Mosfiqur , Uddin Jashim 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe nanotechnology‐based nanofluid has extraordinary prospects in heat transfer engineering. Analysis of these applied nanofluids can yield the appropriate combinations of various useful physical parameters. In the present study, the incompressible boundary layer flow of a nanofluid in the presence of the variable chemical reaction, temperature‐dependent viscosity, hydromagnetic force, and the radiation past an infinite vertical plate has been investigated. The governing nanofluid equations are simplified to ordinary differential equations, which are solved using the function bvp4c from MATLAB. The effects of the physical parameters including the similarity parameter, magnetic field, two dimensionless constant temperatures, Schmidt number, local Grashof number, radiation parameter, local chemical reaction parameter, kinematic diffusion parameter, and temperature‐independent kinematic diffusion parameter on the velocity, temperature, concentration and the local Nusselt number are demonstrated. The results show that as the magnetic field parameter increases, the heat transfer decreases, and the increase of the radiation parameter yields the opposite effect. The kinematic diffusion and the chemical reaction parameters greatly stimulate the concentration of nanofluid and reduce the heat transfer.
Asymmetric responses to Purchasing Managers' Index announcements in China's stock returns
Authors: Wang Yingli , Lu Chang , Yang Xiaoguang , Zhang Qingpeng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe study empirically analyzes the stock market response to the announcements of China's Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI). Asymmetric effects are observed, as follows: negative PMI announcements do not appear to influence the stock market, whereas positive PMI announcements have a significant effect. Evidence further suggests that negative announcements remain nonsignificant under any economic period (e.g., expansion, contraction, or stability), while the positivity effect observed becomes increasingly significant during both economic expansion and stability periods. Our study is not consistent with international experience, which suggests stock markets are more sensitive to negative news. A test sample of individual stocks was used to further investigate this phenomenon. We observed stocks characterised with lower levels of institutional ownership, smaller firm size, higher liquidity or low stock prices, react to positive news more consistently. These types of stocks are generally favoured by individual investors who are more easily influenced by positive PMI news. Unlike stock markets of America or Europe, individual investors dominate China's stock market. The ‘rise‐chasing and down‐freezing’ behaviour of the individual investors may explain why China's market reacts more readily to positive PMI announcements. Note: The ‘rise‐chasing and down‐freezing’ phenomenon refers to an investor who buys winning stocks warmly, while keeps the losing stocks at hand.
Comparative analysis of the kernel types in generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition algorithms for accelerated three‐dimensional magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging data
Authors: Song Junghyun , Kim Dongchan , Han Yeji , Chung Jun‐Young 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study was conducted to comparatively analyze the performance of generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition (GRAPPA) algorithms according to the kernel types, which has not yet been reported. A GRAPPA algorithm using one 3D kernel or other kernels was used to reconstruct the undersampled 3D MRSI data along three or two PE directions. To quantitatively assess the quality of the reconstruction, the normalized root–mean–squared errors (nRMSEs) were calculated in simulated, phantom, and in vivo data. The nRMSE of the GRAPPA algorithm using one 3D kernel in reconstructing undersampled 3D MRSI data along three PE directions was the lowest. The spectra and maps from the reconstructed data using one 3D kernel were the closest to those from the fully sampled data. We recommend acquiring 3D MRSI data accelerated along three PE directions to reduce scan time and indispensably applying the GRAPPA algorithm using one 3Dkernel to improve reconstruction performance.
Cytocompatibility of a mussel‐inspired poly(lactic acid)‐based adhesive
Authors: Hollingshead Sydney , Siebert Heather , Wilker Jonathan J. , Liu Julie C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIncorporating catechols into polymers can provide strong adhesion even in moist environments, and these polymers show promise for use in several biomedical applications. Surgical adhesives must have strong bonds, be biocompatible, and function in a moist environment. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has a long history as a biocompatible material for hard tissue device fixation. By combining these concepts, catechol‐containing poly(lactic acid) (cPLA) polymers are created that are strongly adhesive and degrade in physiological environments. Here, we evaluated the cytocompatibility of cPLA with iron(III) or periodate (IO4−) cross‐linkers. Fibroblasts cultured in cPLA leachate or on cPLA films generally had slower growth and lower metabolism compared with PLA controls but no differences in viability. These results demonstrated that cPLA was not cytotoxic but that including catechols reduced cell health. When cPLA was cross‐linked with periodate, cells generally had reduced metabolism, slower cell growth, and poor actin fiber formation compared with PLA. These results are attributed to the cytotoxicity of periodate since cells cultured with periodate leachate had extremely low viability. Cells grown on the films of iron‐cross‐linked cPLA generally had high viability and metabolism but slower proliferation than PLA controls. These results indicate that the cPLA and iron‐cross‐linked cPLA systems are promising materials for biomedical adhesive applications.
Potential value of circulatory microRNA10b gene expression and its target E‐cadherin as a prognostic and metastatic prediction marker for breast cancer
Authors: Dwedar Fatma Ibrahim , Shams‐Eldin Reham Said , Nayer Mohamed Salwa , Mohammed Ayman Farouk , Gomaa Salwa Hamdi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Most BC studies on candidate microRNAs were tissue specimen based. Recently, there has been a focus on the study of cell‐free circulating miRNAs as promising biomarkers in (BC) diagnosis and prognosis. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the circulating levels of miR‐10b and its target soluble E‐ cadherin as potentially easily accessible biomarkers for breast cancer.MethodsSixty‐one breast cancer patients and forty‐eight age‐ and sex‐matched healthy volunteers serving as a control group were enrolled in the present study. Serum samples were used to assess miRNA10b expression by TaqMan miRNA assay technique. In addition, soluble E‐cadherin expression level in serum was determined using ELISA technique.ResultCirculating miR‐10b expression level and serum sE‐cadherin was significantly upregulated in patients with BC compared to controls. Moreover, serum miR‐10b displayed progressive up‐regulation in advanced stages with higher level in metastatic compared to non‐metastatic BC. Additionally, the combined use of both serum miR‐10b and sE‐cadherin revealed the highest sensitivity and specificity for detection of BC metastasis (92.9% and 97.9% respectively) with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.98, 95% CI (0.958–1.00).ConclusionOur data suggest that circulating miR‐10b could be utilized as a potential non‐invasive serum biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer with better performance to predict BC metastasis achieved on measuring it simultaneously with serum sE‐cadherin. Further studies with a large cohort of patients are warranted to validate the serum biomarker for breast cancer management.