bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability indicating thin-layer chromatographic method for estimation of antidiabetic drug Remogliflozin etabonate
Authors: Shah Dimal A. , Gondalia Ishita I. , Patel Vandana B. , Mahajan Ashok , Chhalotiya Usmangani , Nagda Dhruti C. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
A sensitive, precise, and stability-indicating high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method has been developed for the analysis of Remogliflozin etabonate in tablet formulation. HPTLC plates precoated with silica gel 60 F254 were used as the stationary phase; methanol: ethyl acetate: toluene: NH3 (2:4:4:0.1, v/v/v) was used as mobile phase, and densitometry was used for the quantitative estimation of the drug. The proposed method was validated with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness and applied for the estimation of drug in tablet dosage form.

Results
The Rf value of Remogliflozin etabonate was observed to be 0.61. The densitometric estimation was performed in reflectance mode at 229 nm. The method was found to be linear in the range of 500–8000 ng/band for Remogliflozin etabonate. The possible degradation pathway was estimated by performing forced degradation studies. The degradant peaks were well resolved from the drug peak with acceptable resolution in their Rf value.

Conclusion
An accurate and precise high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method has been developed for the quantification of Remogliflozin etabonate in tablets. Forced degradation studies were performed, and drug was found to be highly susceptible to acid, base hydrolysis, and oxidative stress degradation and gets converted into active drug Remogliflozin. Both Remogliflozin etabonate and Remogliflozin bands were well resolved. The method was applied for the analysis of drug in tablet formulation, and it can be used for routine quality control analysis, as well as for the analysis of stability samples.
Intraoperative variations of the sphenopalatine artery between epistaxis and non-epistaxis cases: a comparative endoscopic analysis
Authors: Ismail Mostafa , Hamad Abdelmoneim H. , Abdelhak Balegh , Hamead Khalaf 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Severe epistaxis is one of the most common emergencies in rhinology practices. The commonly used endoscopic cauterization of the sphenopalatine artery (SPA), alone or with the anterior ethmoidal artery (AEA), has a high success rate for controlling severe epistaxis. The current study was conducted to evaluate the endoscopic intra-operative variations of SPA between epistaxis and non-epistaxis cases. Forty consecutive patients who underwent exploration of SPA were included in the study. They were distributed into two groups depending upon the indication of SPA exploration; the epistaxis group (group A, n=25 patients, n=26 sides) and the non-epistaxis group (group B, n=15 patients, n=25 sides). Criteria of the main SPA in the two groups were compared regarding four parameters; arterial diameter, arterial adherence to the mucosa of the lower part of the basal lamella, sphenopalatine nerve bundle, and crista ethmoidalis erosion.

Results
A significant difference was found regarding the diameter of SPA between the two groups; a mean diameter of 4.2±0.64 mm was compared to 3.2±0.35 mm for group A and B, respectively (p=0.043). Moreover, a highly significant tendency was observed regarding the arterial adherence to the mucosa of the lower part of the basal lamella and sphenopalatine nerve bundle in the epistaxis group; (p≤0.01).

Conclusion
These data clearly signify the importance of intraoperative identification of SPA criteria during surgical management of severe epistaxis. These criteria may help in altering the surgical decision between solely SPA and concomitant SPA/AEA cauterization.
Challenge of Incorporating New Drugs for Breast Cancer in Brazil: A Proposed Framework for Improving Access to Innovative Therapies
Authors: Barrios Carlos , Freitas-Junior Ruffo , Martins Sandro , Bines Jose , Estevez-Diz Maria Del Pilar , Caleffi Maira 
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE The objective of this review is to address the barriers limiting access to treatment of advanced metastatic breast cancer (mBC) in Brazil, specifically for patients in the public health care system, arguably those with the least access to innovation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A selected panel of Brazilian experts in BC were provided with a series of relevant questions to address in a multiday conference. During the conference, responses were discussed and edited by the entire group through numerous drafts and rounds of discussion until a consensus was achieved. RESULTS The authors propose specific and realistic recommendations for implementing access to new drugs in cancer care in Brazil. Moreover, in creating these recommendations and framework, the authors strive to address the most important barriers and impediments for technology incorporation. A feasible and specific multidisciplinary process is proposed, which is based on the collective participation of all involved stakeholders. CONCLUSION Given the current benefits and likely future developments, there is a great need to expand treatments for mBC not only in Brazil but also in most other countries in the world where access issues remain an unresolved demand. Adapting the current framework is essential for accomplishing this goal. The recommendations in this review can serve as a framework for adoption of new technologies in countries with limited resources.
Plasma Cell–Free DNA Profiling of PTEN-PI3K-AKT Pathway Aberrations in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Kwan Edmond M. , Dai Chao , Fettke Heidi , Hauser Christine , Docanto Maria M. , Bukczynska Patricia , Ng Nicole , Foroughi Siavash , Graham Lisa-Jane K. , Mahon Kate , Tan Winston , Wang Xiaohong , Zhao Zhixin , Zheng Tiantian , Zhou Kemin , Yu Jianjun , Du Pan , Horvath Lisa G. , Jia Shidong , Kohli Manish , Azad Arun A. 
Published: April 2021

PURPOSETumor tissue from metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) harbors frequent copy number variations (CNVs) in the PTEN-PI3K-AKT pathway. However, identifying CNVs in plasma cell–free DNA (cfDNA) has proven to be challenging. With emerging data supporting Akt inhibition in PTEN-deficient mCRPC, we profiled PTEN-PI3K-AKT pathway aberrations in patients with mCRPC using a novel cfDNA assay optimized for CNV detection.METHODSA next-generation sequencing–based cfDNA assay was used to profile 231 patients with mCRPC from two independent cohorts (Australian, n = 78; United States, n = 153). PTEN-PI3K-AKT pathway genomic aberrations were correlated with clinical outcomes, including progression-free survival and overall survival (OS).RESULTSPTEN loss and PIK3CA gain were detected in 37% (85 of 231) and 17% (39 of 231) of patients, respectively. Poorer outcomes were observed in patients with PTEN-PI3K-AKT pathway aberrations, including those with dual PTEN loss and PIK3CA gain (hazard ratio 2.3, 95% CI 1.2 to 4.4). Cumulative CNV burden in the PTEN-PI3K-AKT and androgen receptor (AR) pathways was associated with significantly worse clinical outcomes (0 v 1 v ≥ 2 CNVs in Australian cohort: median OS 33.5 v 17.2 v 9.7 months, P < .001; 0 v 1 v ≥ 2 CNVs in US cohort: median OS 35.5 v 14.3 v 9.2 months, P < .001). Notably, 21% (31 of 146) of PTEN-neutral patients harbored alternative PTEN-PI3K-AKT pathway aberrations.CONCLUSIONPTEN-PI3K-AKT pathway CNVs were readily detected using our cfDNA assay, with the prevalence of PTEN loss comparable with tissue-based studies. Additional PTEN-PI3K-AKT pathway aberrations were found in one fifth of PTEN-neutral cases. Concurrent CNVs in the PTEN-PI3K-AKT and AR pathways portended poor survival, and identifying this high-risk patient subset for dual AR/Akt inhibition may optimize precision treatment with Akt inhibitors in mCRPC.
Exploring ultra-fast proton dynamics in water under a static electric field
Authors: Bruni Fabio , Colognesi Daniele , Filabozzi Alessandra , Romanelli Giovanni , Pietropaolo Antonino 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe present an experimental investigation of the single-particle dynamics of hydrogen in liquid water and ice subject to static electric field using deep inelastic neutron scattering. The nuclear mean kinetic energy,, of hydrogen in liquid water at room temperature does not show sensible changes when an electric field of magnitudeis turned on. On the contrary, the value ofin ice at 263 K and subject to the same electric field is found to be substantially lower than the reference value for ice Ih at the similar temperature of 271 K and without electric field. This is true both if the electric field is kept on or not while the sample cools from 300 K to 263 K. Concurrent diffraction measurements performed on ice subjected to an electric field show no sizeable structural changes with respect to the expected powder-averaged ice-Ih diffraction pattern.
Self-consistent harmonic approximation in presence of non-local couplings(a)
Authors: Giachetti Guido , Defenu Nicolò , Ruffo Stefano , Trombettoni Andrea 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We derive the self-consistent harmonic approximation for the 2D XY model with non-local interactions. The resulting equation for the variational couplings holds for any form of the spin-spin coupling as well as for any dimension. Our analysis is then specialized to power-law couplings decaying with the distance r as

in order to investigate the robustness, at finite σ, of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition, which occurs in the short-range limit

. We propose an ansatz for the functional form of the variational couplings and show that for any

the BKT mechanism occurs. The present investigation provides an upper bound

for the critical threshold

above which the traditional BKT transition persists in spite of the non-local nature of the couplings.
Impact of Gestational and Postmenstrual Age on Excretion of Fetal Zone Steroids in Preterm Infants Determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Ruhnau Johanna , Hübner Stephanie , Sunny Donna , Ittermann Till , Hartmann Michaela F , De Lafollie Jan , Wudy Stefan A , Heckmann Matthias 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Context
Fetal zone steroids (FZSs) are excreted in high concentrations in preterm infants. Experimental data suggest protective effects of FZSs in models of neonatal disease.

Objective
We aimed to characterize the postnatal FZS metabolome of well preterm and term infants.

Methods
Twenty-four-hour urinary FZS excretion rates were determined in early preterm (&lt;30 weeks’ gestation), preterm (30-36 weeks), and term (&gt;37 weeks) infants. Pregnenolone and 17-OH-pregnenolone metabolites (n = 5), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and metabolites (n = 12) were measured by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Postnatal concentrations of FZSs were compared with already published prenatal concentrations in amniotic fluid.

Results
Excretion rates of total FZSs and most of the single metabolites were highest in early preterm infants. In this group, excretion rates approach those of term infants at term equivalent postmenstrual age. Preterm infants of 30-36 weeks had more than half lower median excretion rates of FZSs than early preterm infants at the same time of postmenstrual age. Postnatal concentrations of FZSs were partly more than 100-fold higher in all gestational age groups than prenatal concentrations in amniotic fluid at midgestation.

Conclusion
The excretion rates of FZSs as a proxy of the involution of the fetal zone of the most immature preterm infants approached those of term infants at term equivalent. In contrast, the fetal zone in more mature preterm infants undergoes more rapid involution. These data in exclusively well neonates can serve as a basis to investigate the effects of illness on the FZS metabolome in future studies.
Affective rating of audio and video clips using the EmojiGrid
Authors: Toet Alexander , van Erp Jan B. F. 
Published: April 2021

Background: In this study we measured the affective appraisal of sounds and video clips using a newly developed graphical self-report tool: the EmojiGrid. The EmojiGrid is a square grid, labeled with emoji that express different degrees of valence and arousal. Users rate the valence and arousal of a given stimulus by simply clicking on the grid. Methods: In Experiment I, observers (N=150, 74 males, mean age=25.2±3.5) used the EmojiGrid to rate their affective appraisal of 77 validated sound clips from nine different semantic categories, covering a large area of the affective space. In Experiment II, observers (N=60, 32 males, mean age=24.5±3.3) used the EmojiGrid to rate their affective appraisal of 50 validated film fragments varying in positive and negative affect (20 positive, 20 negative, 10 neutral). Results: The results of this study show that for both sound and video, the agreement between the mean ratings obtained with the EmojiGrid and those obtained with an alternative and validated affective rating tool in previous studies in the literature, is excellent for valence and good for arousal. Our results also show the typical universal U-shaped relation between mean valence and arousal that is commonly observed for affective sensory stimuli, both for sound and video. Conclusions: We conclude that the EmojiGrid can be used as an affective self-report tool for the assessment of sound and video-evoked emotions.
Designing an e-learning tool to support health practitioners caring for patients taking multiple medications
Authors: Hanlon Michelle , Hogan Michael , Durand Hannah , Pilch Monika , Harney Owen , Molloy Gerard , Murphy Andrew W. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Population ageing and improvements in healthcare mean the number of people living with two or more chronic conditions, or ‘multimorbidity’, is rapidly increasing. This presents a challenge to current disease-specific care delivery models. Adherence to prescribed medications appears particularly challenging for individuals living with multimorbidity, given the often-complex drug regimens required to treat multiple conditions. Poor adherence is associated with increased mortality, as well as wasted healthcare resources. Supporting medication adherence is a key priority for general practitioners (GPs) and practice nurses as they are responsible for much of the disease counselling and medication prescribing associated with chronic illnesses. Despite this, practical resources and training for health practitioners on how to promote adherence in practice is currently lacking. Informed by the principles of patient and public involvement (PPI), the aim of this research was to develop a patient informed e-learning resource to help GPs and nurses support medication adherence. Method: Utilising collective intelligence (CI) and scenario-based design (SBD) methodology, input was gathered from key stakeholders in medication adherence to gain insights into barriers to supporting people with multimorbidity who are receiving polypharmacy, strategies for overcoming these barriers, and user needs and requirements to inform the design of the e-learning tool. Results: In total, 67 barriers to supporting people who are taking multiple medications were identified across 8 barrier categories. 162 options for overcoming the identified barriers were then generated. This data was used in the design of a flexible e-learning tool for continuous professional development, that has been integrated into general practice and clinical education programmes as a supportive tool. Conclusions: Using CI and SBD methodology was an effective way of facilitating collaboration, idea-generation, and the co-creation of design solutions amongst a diverse group of stakeholders. This approach could be usefully applied to address other complex healthcare-related challenges.
Extensão universitária nos cursos de graduação em direito
Authors: Dias Renato Duro 
Published: April 2021

Este artigo pretende abordar a curricularização da extensão nos Cursos de Graduação em Direito tendo como ponto de partida a recente Resolução nº 5 do CNE/CES, de 17 de dezembro de 2018, que instituiu as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do Curso de Graduação em Direito. Neste sentido, a presente investigação, de abordagem qualitativa (BOGDAN e BIKLEN, 1994) e com análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 2011), discute as principais políticas públicas para educação superior com foco na extensão universitária e a educação jurídica, procurando compreender os textos legais e os ciclos de políticas, bem como sua interferência no campo do direito.. Primeiramente, procura-se apresentar os marcos legais e conceituais da extensão universitária para a educação superior brasileira. Num segundo momento, aborda-se a extensão universitária com ênfase na Resolução CNE/CES n° 9, de 29 de setembro de 2004, que instituiu as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do Curso de Graduação em Direito. Ao final, problematiza-se os desafios e limites apresentados pela nova Resolução nº 5 do CNE/CES, de 17 de dezembro de 2018, procurando compreender quais os significados ali expressos e as potências que podem revelar a curricularização da extensão nos Cursos de Graduação em Direito no Brasil. Espera-se que o debate travado ao largo deste artigo possa servir de marco teórico inicial para uma discussão que envolva, sobretudo, pensar a formação do Bacharel em Direito a partir de uma perspectiva humanista, social e crítica.
Quantitative assessment of the vascularity of the skeletally immature patella: A cadaveric study using MRI
Authors: Gadinsky Naomi E. , Lin Kenneth M. , Klinger Craig E. , Dyke Jonathan P. , Kleeblad Laura J. , Shea Kevin G. , Helfet David L , Rodeo Scott A. , Green Daniel W. , Lazaro Lionel E. 
Published: April 2021

Purpose While predominant blood supply to the adult patella enters inferomedially, little is known about skeletally immature patellar perfusion. Improved knowledge of immature patella vascularity can further understanding of osteochondritis dissecans, dorsal defects of the patella and bipartite patella, and help ensure safe surgical approaches. We hypothesized that the immature patella would exhibit more uniform blood flow. The study purpose was to quantify immature patella regional perfusion in comparison with adults. Methods Ten cadaveric knees were utilized (five immature, five mature). The superficial femoral artery was cannulated proximally. Signal enhancement increases were compared from pre- to post-contrast MRI to assess relative arterial contributions to patella regions (quadrants, anterior/posterior, superior/inferior, medial/lateral, and outer/inner). Results Quantitative-MRI analysis revealed similar distribution of enhancement between the immature and mature patella. The inferior pole exhibited significantly higher arterial contribution versus superior pole in both immature and mature groups (p = 0.009; both groups), while the inferomedial quadrant had the highest arterial contribution of all quadrants in both groups. The superolateral quadrant demonstrated the lowest arterial contribution in the immature group and second lowest in the adult group. The patella outer periphery had significantly greater arterial contribution than the inner central region in both immature (p = 0.009) and mature (p = 0.009) groups. Conclusion Distribution of arterial contributions between the immature and mature patella was similar. Our results highlight the importance of inferior and inferomedial blood supply in both immature and mature patellas. These findings have implications for paediatric and adult patients; surgical damage to inferior patellar vessels should be avoided to prevent associated complications.
Microwave pulse generation via employing an electric signal modulator to achieve time-domain mode locking in an optoelectronic oscillator
Authors: Zeng Zhen , Zhang Lingjie , Zhang Yaowen , Tian Huan , Zhang Zhiyao , Zhang Shangjian , Li Heping , Liu Yong 
Published: April 2021

An actively mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) is proposed and
demonstrated to generate chirp-free microwave pulse trains with
variable repetition rates. Time-domain mode locking is realized by
using an electric signal modulator to achieve amplitude modulation of
the generated microwave signal in the OEO cavity. Through setting the
externally applied electric signal frequency to be equal to the
integral multiple of the free spectral range, a microwave pulse train
with a low close-to-carrier phase noise is generated. In the
experiment, microwave pulse trains with repetition rates of 179.94 and
360.00 kHz are generated through fundamental mode locking and
2nd-order harmonic mode locking, respectively. Under fundamental mode
locking, the phase noise of the actively mode-locked OEO at 100 Hz
frequency offset is measured to be 30 dB lower than that in a
free-running OEO.
219.6  W large-mode-area Er:Yb codoped fiber amplifier operating at 1600  nm pumped by 1018  nm fiber lasers
Authors: Yu Weilong , Xiao Qirong , Wang Lele , Zhao Ying , Qi Tiancheng , Yan Ping , Gong Mali 
Published: April 2021

We demonstrate, to the best of our knowledge, the first high-power large-mode-area Er:Yb codoped fiber amplifier pumped by 1018 nm fiber lasers. The output power reaches 219.6 W, which is the highest power operating at 1600 nm with near-diffraction-limitation beam quality. The 1018 nm pumping scheme contributes to the mitigation of Er,Yb fiber bottlenecking, improvement in signal gain, and reduction of heat generation. Also, we inject co-propagating C-band amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) into the master amplifier to avoid unwanted backward-propagating ASE.
The effect of Moringa oleifera capsule in increasing breastmilk volume in early postpartum patients: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Fungtammasan Siraphat , Phupong Vorapong 
Published: April 2021

Moringa oleifera is an herbal galactagogue that has been used to increase the volume of breastmilk. Few studies have evaluated the effect of Moringa oleifera in breastfeeding. There are conflicting data whether it can increase the volume of breastmilk or not. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of Moringa oleifera leaves in increasing the volume of breastmilk in early postpartum mothers. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial will be conducted. The outcomes of this study will provide the data of Moringa oleifera as an herbal medication to increase the volume of breastmilk. This information will be used to increase the rate of exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months as recommended by the World Health Organization.
Clinical trial registration
This clinical trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Clinical trials registration: NCT04487613).