bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust Finite-Time Trajectory Tracking Control of Quadrotor Aircraft via Terminal Sliding Mode-Based Active Antidisturbance Approach: A PIL Experiment
Authors: Mechali Omar , Iqbal Jamshed , Xie Xiaomei , Xu Limei , Senouci Abdelkader 
Published: May 2021

This paper presents an accurate solution of finite-time Cartesian trajectory tracking control problem of a quadrotor system by designing and implementing a novel robust flight-control algorithm. The quadrotor is subject to nonlinearities, unmodeled dynamics, parameters’ uncertainties, and external time-varying disturbances. To reject the disturbances and enhance the control system’s robustness, a terminal sliding mode-based active antidisturbance control (TSMBAADC) approach is proposed for rotational and translational subsystems. To improve the tracking performance, a nonlinear continuous terminal sliding manifold and a fast reaching law are proposed in this work to quickly drive the systems’ states to the equilibrium point even in the presence of lumped disturbances. The convergence time of the states can be pretuned based on the parameters of the sliding manifold and the reaching law. Lyapunov theorem is used to provide a rigorous stability proof for the feedback control system. Numerical simulations and processor-in-the-loop (PIL) experiments are conducted to validate and implement the designed flight control algorithm on real autopilot hardware. The novelty of the proposed research lies in hardware implementation of a sophisticated version of modern control technique that exhibits a multitude of distinguishing features including but not limited to (i) finite-time tracking stability featuring fast convergence is ensured, (ii) chattering and singularity problems in sliding mode control (SMC) are avoided, and (iii) null steady-state error is achieved along with enhanced robustness. Finally, the proposed control law is compared with two recently reported research works. Results of performance comparison in term of the integral of square error (ISE) and the absolute value of the derivative of the input

u

t

(IADU) dictate that the proposed technique overperforms by precision and chattering alleviation.
Differences in NT‐proBNP Response and Prognosis in Men and Women With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Daubert Melissa A. , Yow Eric , Barnhart Huiman X. , Piña Ileana L. , Ahmad Tariq , Leifer Eric , Cooper Lawton , Desvigne‐Nickens Patrice , Fiuzat Mona , Adams Kirkwood , Ezekowitz Justin , Whellan David J. , Januzzi James L. , O’Connor Christopher M. , Felker G. Michael 
Published: May 2021

Background
NT‐proBNP (N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide) is a prognostic biomarker in heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction. However, it is unclear whether there is a sex difference in NT‐proBNP response and whether the therapeutic goal of NT‐proBNP ≤1000 pg/mL has equivalent prognostic value in men and women with HF with reduced ejection fraction.

Methods and Results
In a secondary analysis of the GUIDE‐IT (Guiding Evidence Based Therapy Using Biomarker Intensified Treatment) trial we analyzed trends in NT‐proBNP and goal attainment by sex. Differences in clinical characteristics, HF treatment, and time to all‐cause death or HF hospitalization were compared. Landmark analysis at 3 months determined the prognostic value of early NT‐proBNP goal achievement in men and women. Of the 286 (32%) women and 608 (68%) men in the GUIDE‐IT trial, women were more likely to have a nonischemic cause and shorter duration of HF. Guideline‐directed medical therapy was less intense over time in women. The absolute NT‐proBNP values were consistently lower in women; however, the change in NT‐proBNP and clinical outcomes were similar. After adjustment, women achieving the NT‐proBNP goal had an 82% reduction in death or HF hospitalization compared with a 59% reduction in men.

Conclusions
Men and women with HF with reduced ejection fraction had a similar NT‐proBNP response despite less intensive HF treatment among women. However, compared with men, the early NT‐proBNP goal of ≤1000 pg/mL had greater prognostic value in women. Future efforts should be aimed at intensifying guideline‐directed medical therapy in women, which may result in greater NT‐proBNP reductions and improved outcomes in women with HF with reduced ejection fraction.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01685840.
Dating the Renaming of Cities Referred to in the Biblical Conquest and Settlement Accounts
Authors: Naʾaman Nadav 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The article systematically examines the historicity of the biblical claim that the Israelites renamed several Canaanite cities in the course of the conquest and settlement of the land. Among the renamed places are Kiriath-arba, Kiriath-sepher/ sannah, Kerioth-hezron, Zephath, Jebus/the Jebusite, Luz, Laish, Kenath, and Argob. Examination of the renaming claim of these towns only confirms the Late Bronze date of Laish and possibly Zephath. All other ostensibly Canaanite city names must have emerged only during the Iron Age. The article further examines the antiquity of the name Baʿal(ah)/Kiriath-baʿal of Kiriath-jearim and suggests that it emerged in the first millennium BCE. Evidently, the renaming claim in biblical literature is entirely literary and ideological; only few interchanges of names reflect authentic memories of the toponymy of Canaan in the Late Bronze Age.
Jerusalem before the Reform: Memory, Nostalgia, and Antiquarian Interest in 2 Kings 23:7–13
Authors: Dolgopolsky-Geva Ya’akov 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The description of Josiah’s reform in Jerusalem in 2 Kgs 23:7–13 contains an unusual cluster of topographical indications. The article analyzes this cluster from critical and literary-ideological perspectives. The analysis proves that at least some of the topographical indications are late glosses. It also reveals the antiquarian interest which prompted the accumulation of such indications in this short section. That interest, shared by different authors and editors who were involved in the textual development of 2 Kgs 23:7–13, attests to a perception of Jerusalem’s landscape as a changing space and of Josiah’s reform as an act of space transformation by a monarch. Finally, the article suggests that a nostalgic sentiment towards the cultic activities which Josiah uprooted is reflected in this cluster of topographical indications.
Stability and change in the Hebrew verbal system
Authors: Boneh Nora 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The paper studies the nature of the interplay between viewpoint aspect and tense in the temporal systems of Modern Hebrew and Biblical Hebrew, focusing on the suffixed verb form qaṭal and on the participial verb form qoṭel common to both. The examination of these temporal systems is couched in a neo-reichenbachian framework, taking the categories of viewpoint aspect and tense to consist of relations between temporal intervals (also known as the “two dimensional theory of tense”). It follows from this framework that viewpoint aspect and tense are encoded in any given temporal system, and languages differ in whether they contrastively mark tenses and/or aspects. When only one of the categories is morphologically marked, it is assumed that the other marks a default value. In the current context, it will be shown that viewpoint aspect properties of the verbal forms remain essentially unchanged over the two periods: qoṭel expressed, and still does, imperfective viewpoint aspect, with some characteristics of a progressive, whereas qaṭal expressed, and still does, a default viewpoint aspect that is interpreted as perfective according to the lexical aspectual properties of the underlying VP. In contrast, the properties of the tense categories in the systems have undergone a significant change: in Biblical Hebrew, the category of tense, in these particular forms, but possibly also more generally in the system, mark only a default value where the two temporal intervals, R and S, are not ordered in any specific manner, but rather present a temporal overlap; in Modern Hebrew, the category of tense contrasts temporal values, where R and S are clearly ordered with respect to each other: overlap, precedence. It will be suggested that this state of affairs is correlated with the (im)possibility of the forms to express narrative progression. Given that narrative progression involves update of R, this is not possible when the temporal relation between R and S is one of general overlap, blocking R progression. In Biblical Hebrew, narrative progression is achieved via the sequential w-forms, which have later disappeared from the system.
Numeral construct phrases in Biblical Hebrew
Authors: Rothstein Susan , Moshavi Adina 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Construct phrases are nominal expressions consisting of a noun in the construct state, termed the construct, and an immediately adjacent nominal phrase, the annex. Biblical Hebrew has four kinds of construct phrases containing numerals: phrases with a definite nominal annex, complex numeral phrases, approximative phrases and phrases with an indefinite nominal annex. The first three constructions are found in Modern Hebrew, but not the fourth. In this paper we provide semantic interpretations for the four numeral construct phrase types, accounting for these constructions within a theoretical approach to the cross-linguistic properties of numeral phrases. Adopting the semantic analysis in Rothstein (2013, 2017b), which treats numerals as a type of property expression in the sense of Chierchia (1985), we show that the four constructions fall into two groups. In the first group, containing the complex numeral and the indefinite measure phrase, the construct numeral is an argument of a function. In the second group, containing the definite numeral phrase and the approximative, the construct numeral is a predicate that expresses intersectional modification. The numeral has a different semantic status in each group: as an argument, the numeral is a saturated property expression designating an individual, while as a modifier it is unsaturated. It is shown that definite numeral construct phrases and approximative phrases can be viewed as types of classifier expressions. The data and interpretations presented in the paper demonstrate that Biblical Hebrew numerals share fundamental semantic characteristics with numeral constructions in other languages, despite having various syntactic properties which are specific to this language.
Diurnal Variation of Rainfall in the Presence of Large- and Small-Scale Precipitating Systems during Different Monsoon Seasons over a Complex Terrain (Gadanki) Region
Authors: Radhakrishna Basivi , Rao Thota Narayana 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe diurnal cycle of rainfall by large-scale systems (LSS) and small-scale systems (SSS) has been studied over a complex terrain region (Gadanki) in southern peninsular India using eight years of data from a network of 36 rain gauges. The diurnal cycle of accumulated rainfall by LSS and SSS shows peaks at 22 LT and 19 LT, respectively, during the southwest monsoon (SWM) and 19 LT and ~17 LT during the northeast monsoon (NEM). Irrespective of the season and system size, the diurnal mode is the dominant mode of variation and explains ~60% (~43%) of variance during the SWM and ~54% (~36%) during the NEM in LSS (SSS) presence. The correlation structure of rainfall is anisotropic with an axis ratio of ~1.5 for LSS and ~1.4 for SSS. Propagating systems are prevalent (80 to 90% of times produce rain) in the presence of LSS during both seasons and play a dominant role in altering the diurnal cycle of rainfall over the Gadanki region. The conducive environment, like the presence of large RH, updrafts in lower- and mid-troposphere, and large lower- and small mid-tropospheric shears, favors convective initiation and propagation of precipitating systems during LSS in SWM and NEM. The atmosphere favors the convective initiation between 18 and 20 LT. The dry mid-troposphere and weak upward motion in the mid-troposphere inhibits mesoscale organization and forms SSS during the SWM. During the NEM, somewhat drier mid-troposphere than in LSS and small L-shear inhibits the convective organization and forms SSS between 15 and 18 LT.
Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves Over Tropical South America
Authors: Mayta Victor C. , Kiladis George N. , Dias Juliana , Silva Dias Pedro L. , Gehne Maria 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRainfall over tropical South America is known to be modulated by convectively coupled Kelvin waves (CCKWs). In this work, the origin and dynamical features of South American Kelvin waves are revisited using satellite-observed brightness temperature, radiosonde, and reanalysis datasets. Two main types of CCKWs over the Amazon are considered: Kelvin waves with a Pacific precursor, and Kelvin waves with a precursor originating over South America. Amazonian CCKW’s associated with a preexisting Kelvin convection in the eastern Pacific account for about 35% of the total events. The cases with South American precursors are associated with either pressure surges in the western Amazon from extratropical wave train activity, responsible for 40% of the total events, or “in situ” convection that locally excites CCKWs, accounting for the remaining 25%. The analysis also suggests that CCKWs associated with different precursors are sensitive to Pacific sea surface temperature. Kelvin wave events with a Pacific precursor are more common during ENSO warm events, while Kelvin waves with extratropical South American precursors show stronger activity during La Niña events. This study also explores other triggering mechanisms of CCKWs over the Amazon. These mechanisms are associated with: 1) extratropical Rossby wave trains not necessarily of extratropical South American origin; 2) CCKWs initiated in response to the presence of the southern and/or double Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in the Eastern Pacific Ocean; 3) and possible interaction between CCKWs and other equatorial waves in the Amazon.
IFN-λ therapy prevents severe gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Henden Andrea S. , Koyama Motoko , Robb Renee J. , Forero Adriana , Kuns Rachel D. , Chang Karshing , Ensbey Kathleen S. , Varelias Antiopi , Kazakoff Stephen H. , Waddell Nicole , Clouston Andrew D. , Giri Rabina , Begun Jakob , Blazar Bruce R. , Degli-Esposti Mariapia A. , Kotenko Sergei V. , Lane Steven W. , Bowerman Kate L. , Savan Ram , Hugenholtz Philip , Gartlan Kate H. , Hill Geoffrey R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Immunopathology and intestinal stem cell (ISC) loss in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the prima facie manifestation of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and is responsible for significant mortality after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Approaches to prevent GVHD to date focus on immune suppression. Here, we identify interferon-λ (IFN-λ; interleukin-28 [IL-28]/IL-29) as a key protector of GI GVHD immunopathology, notably within the ISC compartment. Ifnlr1−/− mice displayed exaggerated GI GVHD and mortality independent of Paneth cells and alterations to the microbiome. Ifnlr1−/− intestinal organoid growth was significantly impaired, and targeted Ifnlr1 deficiency exhibited effects intrinsic to recipient Lgr5+ ISCs and natural killer cells. PEGylated recombinant IL-29 (PEG-rIL-29) treatment of naive mice enhanced Lgr5+ ISC numbers and organoid growth independent of both IL-22 and type I IFN and modulated proliferative and apoptosis gene sets in Lgr5+ ISCs. PEG-rIL-29 treatment improved survival, reduced GVHD severity, and enhanced epithelial proliferation and ISC-derived organoid growth after BMT. The preservation of ISC numbers in response to PEG-rIL-29 after BMT occurred both in the presence and absence of IFN-λ–signaling in recipient natural killer cells. IFN-λ is therefore an attractive and rapidly testable approach to prevent ISC loss and immunopathology during GVHD.
Evidence for antifouling biocides as one of the limiting factors for the recovery of macrophyte communities in lakes of Schleswig-Holstein
Authors: Machate Oliver , Dellen Julian , Schulze Tobias , Wentzky Valerie Carolin , Krauss Martin , Brack Werner 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe European Water Framework Directive (WFD) has been implemented to achieve a good ecological status in European water bodies requiring macrophyte community assessment as one of the biological quality elements (BQEs). While in several lakes in Schleswig-Holstein (Germany) different BQEs improved within recent years, no recovery of macrophyte communities in some lakes could be achieved, despite the reduction of nutrient input and eutrophication. Due to the fact that no impairment of phytoplankton could be observed, toxic stress due to sediment contamination was hypothesized as a possible limiting factor of macrophyte community recovery.ResultsSediment toxicity was investigated by performing an extensive chemical screening of sediment contamination and a risk assessment based on toxic unit (TU) summation, using equilibrium water concentrations and algal toxicity as surrogates for lacking data on macrophyte toxicity. Possible indirect risks via toxic pressure on grazer were assessed via TUs based on crustaceans. The study revealed algal TUs of more than one order of magnitude below chronic toxicity thresholds in lakes with high and good status of the macrophyte community and increasing concentrations and frequency of exceedance of toxicity thresholds for lakes with moderate-to-bad status. The antifouling biocides irgarol and diuron were identified as major risk drivers. In addition, PAHs and glyphosate could not be ruled out to contribute to toxic pressure on macrophytes. Despite exceedance of toxicity thresholds for crustaceans, no connection of the ecological status of the macrophyte communities with toxic risks to grazers could be observed.ConclusionsOur study suggests that in a multiple pressure situation the toxic pressure created due to the contamination of sediments with antifouling biocides is one of the limiting factors for the recovery of macrophyte communities in impaired lakes of Schleswig-Holstein. This finding is in agreement with a Europe-wide survey on almost 47,000 sites suggesting that no good ecological status can be observed at sites with contamination exceeding toxicity thresholds. Similar to the survey, our study indicates additional stressors preventing the achievement of a good quality status of the lake ecosystems.
Systematic interrogation of mutation groupings reveals divergent downstream expression programs within key cancer genes
Authors: Grzadkowski Michal R. , Holly Hannah D. , Somers Julia , Demir Emek 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundGenes implicated in tumorigenesis often exhibit diverse sets of genomic variants in the tumor cohorts within which they are frequently mutated. For many genes, neither the transcriptomic effects of these variants nor their relationship to one another in cancer processes have been well-characterized. We sought to identify the downstream expression effects of these mutations and to determine whether this heterogeneity at the genomic level is reflected in a corresponding heterogeneity at the transcriptomic level.ResultsBy applying a novel hierarchical framework for organizing the mutations present in a cohort along with machine learning pipelines trained on samples’ expression profiles we systematically interrogated the signatures associated with combinations of mutations recurrent in cancer. This allowed us to catalogue the mutations with discernible downstream expression effects across a number of tumor cohorts as well as to uncover and characterize over a hundred cases where subsets of a gene’s mutations are clearly divergent in their function from the remaining mutations of the gene. These findings successfully replicated across a number of disease contexts and were found to have clear implications for the delineation of cancer processes and for clinical decisions.ConclusionsThe results of cataloguing the downstream effects of mutation subgroupings across cancer cohorts underline the importance of incorporating the diversity present within oncogenes in models designed to capture the downstream effects of their mutations.
Spectral phenotyping of embryonic development reveals integrative thermodynamic responses
Authors: Tills Oliver , Spicer John I. , Ibbini Ziad , Rundle Simon D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundEnergy proxy traits (EPTs) are a novel approach to high dimensional organismal phenotyping that quantify the spectrum of energy levels within different temporal frequencies associated with mean pixel value fluctuations from video. They offer significant potential in addressing the phenotyping bottleneck in biology and are effective at identifying lethal endpoints and measuring specific functional traits, but the extent to which they might contribute additional understanding of the phenotype remains unknown. Consequently, here we test the biological significance of EPTs and their responses relative to fundamental thermodynamic principles. We achieve this using the entire embryonic development ofRadix balthica, a freshwater pond snail, at different temperatures (20, 25 & 30 °C) and comparing responses against predictions from Arrhenius’ equation (Q10 = 2).ResultsWe find that EPTs are thermally sensitive and their spectra of frequency response enable effective high-dimensional treatment clustering throughout organismal development. Temperature-specific deviation in EPTs from thermodynamic predictions were evident and indicative of physiological mitigation, although they differed markedly in their responses from manual measures. The EPT spectrum was effective in capturing aspects of the phenotype predictive of biological outcomes, and suggest that EPTs themselves may reflect levels of energy turnover.ConclusionsWhole-organismal biology is incredibly complex, and this contributes to the challenge of developing universal phenotyping approaches. Here, we demonstrate the biological relevance of a new holistic approach to phenotyping that is not constrained by preconceived notions of biological importance. Furthermore, we find that EPTs are an effective approach to measuring even the most dynamic life history stages.