bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on slipping-pattern recognition and positioning error compensation of wheeled robot
Authors: Chen Yanchao , Ren Chunhua , Liu Hao , Gu Chenyang 
Published: August 2021

The autonomous navigation and positioning system is one of the key equipment in industrial automation production. Due to slippage, the odometer (OD) data cannot reflect the real rotation of the wheeled robot, which may cause the unmanned robot to deviate from the preset route. To solve this problem, the integration of the strap-down inertial navigation system (SINS) and the OD is used, and a novel slipping recognition algorithm based on neural network learning and an error compensation method is proposed to improve the navigation accuracy when skidding. First, the output data of the SINS and OD are studied and features are extracted for neural network learning. After training and modeling, the state of the robot slipping can be identified quickly and effectively. Second, different models are designed to compensate the errors of the different slip patterns. Experimental results show that the comprehensive recognition rate of five modes within 1 s is better than 98.9%. After compensation, the positioning errors of the left and right slip modes have been reduced to 15 mm and the positioning errors of the both side and locked slip modes have been reduced to 40 mm. Compared with before compensation, the errors are reduced to less than 6%.
Inactivation of Hedgehog signal transduction in adult astrocytes results in region-specific blood–brain barrier defects
Authors: Wang Hui , Xu Zhiyan , Xia Ziyue , Rallo Michael , Duffy Andrew , Matise Michael P. 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Several signaling pathways have been implicated in regulating blood–brain/spinal cord barrier (BBB) properties in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS). However, it has become clear that the role of the Sonic hedgehog pathway has not been accurately defined. The current work addresses this issue by demonstrating that the pathway is required in protoplasmic astrocytes to maintain specific BBB characteristics in select regions of the CNS. In contrast to prior studies, we find that astrocytic, and not endothelial cell, Hedgehog signal transduction is required to maintain BBB properties through an effect on transcytosis but not paracellular diffusion. Our discovery raises the possibility that targeted inhibition of the pathway to achieve transient BBB permeability could be exploited for therapeutic purposes.
Droplet tilings for rapid exploration of spatially constrained many-body systems
Authors: Molina Anton , Kumar Shailabh , Karpitschka Stefan , Prakash Manu 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Advances in material fabrication have made it possible to produce materials with an increasing range of geometries, including those with no precedent in nature. However, the relationships between geometry and state or the dynamics governing transitions between states in condensed material systems are not well understood and remain difficult to observe. Here, we use evaporating liquid droplets with a capacity for motion in response to long-range vapor-mediated interactions to create a new class of condensed matter system. The role of long-range interactions is understood by developing a simple, numerical model. A key feature of this system is the ability to rapidly fabricate nearly any 2D pattern and observe the motion of interacting elements at the macroscale.
Counting equilibria of large complex systems by instability index
Authors: Ben Arous Gérard , Fyodorov Yan V. , Khoruzhenko Boris A. 
Published: August 2021

SignificanceThis paper sheds light on the phase portrait structure of a “minimal model” for a large nonlinear system of many randomly interacting degrees of freedom equipped with a stability feedback mechanism. In this way, it significantly extends local stability analysis of large complex systems, which was undertaken by Robert May in 1972. We show that the transition from stability to instability is characterized by the exponential explosion in the number of unstable equilibria, with drastically reduced probability of finding truly locally attracting equilibria. At the same time, we demonstrate abundance of equilibria with a large proportion of stable directions, which arguably can slow down the system dynamics for sufficiently long time and induce aging effects.
Two-dimensional electronic–vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy for interactions of electronic and nuclear motions at interfaces
Authors: Deng Gang-Hua , Qian Yuqin , Zhang Tong , Han Jian , Chen Hanning , Rao Yi 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Electronic–vibrational couplings are pivotal in many photo-induced processes at interfaces and surfaces. Two-dimensional electronic–vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy is a unique tool to decipher electronic–vibrational couplings for excited states of molecules at interfaces and surfaces, enabling the correlation of photo-induced electronic–vibrational manifolds with their subsequent time evolution of high-frequency vibrational modes. This technique is especially powerful to monitor ultrafast processes such as charge transfer, energy transfer, proton transfer, and proton-coupled charge transfer at interfaces and surfaces on a real-time basis.
SARS-CoV-2 escape from a highly neutralizing COVID-19 convalescent plasma
Authors: Andreano Emanuele , Piccini Giulia , Licastro Danilo , Casalino Lorenzo , Johnson Nicole V. , Paciello Ida , Dal Monego Simeone , Pantano Elisa , Manganaro Noemi , Manenti Alessandro , Manna Rachele , Casa Elisa , Hyseni Inesa , Benincasa Linda , Montomoli Emanuele , Amaro Rommie E. , McLellan Jason S. , Rappuoli Rino 
Published: August 2021

Significance
This work shows that, under strong immune pressure, SARS-CoV-2 can use mutations in both the N-terminal domain and the receptor-binding domain to escape potent polyclonal neutralizing responses. Indeed, after a long period under immune selective pressure, SARS-CoV-2 evolved to evade the immunity of a potent polyclonal serum from a COVID-19 convalescent donor. Only three mutations were sufficient to generate this escape variant. The new virus was resistant to 70% of the neutralizing antibodies tested and had a decreased susceptibility to all convalescent sera. Our data predict that, as the immunity in the population increases, following infection and vaccination, new variants will emerge, and therefore vaccines and monoclonal antibodies need to be developed to address them.
Benzofuran sulfonates and small self-lipid antigens activate type II NKT cells via CD1d
Authors: Almeida Catarina F. , Smith Dylan G. M. , Cheng Tan-Yun , Harpur Chris M. , Batleska Elena , Nguyen-Robertson Catriona V. , Nguyen Tram , Thelemann Tamara , Reddiex Scott J. J. , Li Shihan , Eckle Sidonia B. G. , Van Rhijn Ildiko , Rossjohn Jamie , Uldrich Adam P. , Moody D. Branch , Williams Spencer J. , Pellicci Daniel G. , Godfrey Dale I. 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Whereas T cells are known to recognize peptides, vitamin B metabolites, or lipid antigens, we identify several nonlipidic small molecules classified as pentamethylbenzofuransulfonates (PBFs) that activate a population of CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells. This represents a breakthrough in the field of NKT cell biology. This study also reveals a previously unknown population of PBF-reactive NKT cells in healthy individuals with stereotyped receptors that paves the way for future studies of the role of these cells in immunity, including sulfa drug hypersensitivity.
Band gaps of crystalline solids from Wannier-localization–based optimal tuning of a screened range-separated hybrid functional
Authors: Wing Dahvyd , Ohad Guy , Haber Jonah B. , Filip Marina R. , Gant Stephen E. , Neaton Jeffrey B. , Kronik Leeor 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Density functional theory (DFT) is successful in predicting a wide variety of material properties, but its use for electronic and optical properties has been hampered by its poor prediction of the band gap of a material. Here we provide a method, within the rigorous framework of generalized Kohn–Sham theory, that can accurately predict the band gap of a material, to within experimental uncertainty, using a specific class of density functionals called range-separated hybrid functionals. This method employs an orbital localization procedure to nonempirically select system-specific parameters of the hybrid functional. We expect the approach to be useful in predicting other electronic and optical properties of interest.
Metabolism drives demography in an experimental field test
Authors: Schuster Lukas , Cameron Hayley , White Craig R. , Marshall Dustin J. 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Biology has long-standing rules about how metabolism and demography should covary. These rules connect physiology to ecology but remarkably, these rules have only ever been tested indirectly. Using a model marine invertebrate, we created experimental field populations that varied in metabolic rate but not body size. We show that metabolism qualitatively affects population growth and carrying capacity in ways predicted by theory but that scaling relationships for these parameters, as well as estimates of energy use at carrying capacity, depart from classic predictions. That metabolism affects demography in ways that depart from canonical theory has important implications for predicting how populations may respond to global change and size-selective harvesting.
Electrochemical implications of modulating the solvation shell around redox active organic species in aqueous organic redox flow batteries
Authors: Sharma Kritika , Sankarasubramanian Shrihari , Parrondo Javier , Ramani Vijay 
Published: August 2021

Significance
The development of cost-effective batteries for long-duration grid scale energy storage will be accelerated using frameworks to rapidly screen and select battery components. Herein, we show that the solvent reorganization energy calculated from the Born equation (with reference to an electrolyte’s composition) is predictive of the electrolytes’ device level performance. This descriptor was found to correlate with key transport and kinetic properties over a range of electrolyte compositions and pH values, succinctly capturing the multicomponent interactions between the electrolyte salts and solvent. This enables the initial high-throughput screening of electrolyte candidates with minimal experimentation. Applied to aqueous redox flow batteries employing organic redox active species, we predict high-performance electrolyte compositions, enabling significantly enhanced device performance.
Diamond quantum thermometry: from foundations to applications
Authors: Fujiwara Masazumi , Shikano Yutaka 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Diamond quantum thermometry exploits the optical and electrical spin properties of colour defect centres in diamonds and, acts as a quantum sensing method exhibiting ultrahigh precision and robustness. Compared to the existing luminescent nanothermometry techniques, a diamond quantum thermometer can be operated over a wide temperature range and a sensor spatial scale ranging from nanometres to micrometres. Further, diamond quantum thermometry is employed in several applications, including electronics and biology, to explore these fields with nanoscale temperature measurements. This review covers the operational principles of diamond quantum thermometry for spin-based and all-optical methods, material development of diamonds with a focus on thermometry, and examples of applications in electrical and biological systems with demand-based technological requirements.
Au-assisted polymerization of conductive poly(N-phenylglycine) as high-performance positive electrodes for asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Li Min , Luo Yunyun , Jia Chen , Huang Mimi , Yu Mingzhi , Luo Guoxi , Zhao Libo , Boukherroub Rabah , Jiang Zhuangde 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Herein, a novel conductive poly(N-phenylglycine) (PNPG) polymer was successfully prepared, by in situ electrochemical polymerization method (+0.75 V versus Ag/AgCl) for 10 min, on flexible stainless-steel plate coated with a thin Au film (Au/SS) to serve as a binder-free pseudocapacitive PNPG/Au/SS electrode for energy storage devices. Compared to the electrode without Au coating, PNPG/Au/SS electrode exhibited better electrochemical performance with larger specific capacitance (495 F g−1 at a current density of 2 A g−1), higher rate performance and lower resistance, which are good indications to act as a positive electrode for asymmetric supercapacitor devices. Combined with activated carbon as a negative electrode, an asymmetric supercapacitor device was constructed. It displayed a specific capacitance of 38 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 and an energy density of 5.3 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 250 W kg−1. Experimentally, two asymmetric supercapacitor devices were connected in series to power a home-made windmill continuously for 8 s, revealing the high potential of this novel conductive polymer material for energy storage application.
Front propagation and blocking of reaction–diffusion systems in cylinders
Authors: Guo Hongjun , Forbey Jennifer , Liu Rongsong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we consider a bistable monotone reaction–diffusion system in cylindrical domains. We first prove the existence of the entire solution emanating from a planar front. Then, it is proved that the entire solution converges to a planar front if the propagation is complete and the domain is bilaterally straight. Finally, we give some geometrical conditions on the domain such that the propagation of the entire solution is complete or incomplete, respectively.
There are no σ-finite absolutely continuous invariant measures for multicritical circle maps
*
Authors: de Faria Edson , Guarino Pablo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
It is well-known that every multicritical circle map without periodic orbits admits a unique invariant Borel probability measure which is purely singular with respect to Lebesgue measure. Can such a map leave invariant an infinite, σ-finite invariant measure which is absolutely continuous with respect to Lebesgue measure? In this paper, using an old criterion due to Katznelson, we show that the answer to this question is no.
On the Lyapunov instability in Newtonian dynamics
Authors: Burgos J M , Maderna E , Paternain M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We prove Lyapunov instability for cases in which the local minimum of the potential energy is reached on a hypersurface of the configuration space. In contrast to the known results in this direction, which hold for potentials satisfying hypotheses on the first non-zero jet, this new result covers several real analytic cases that the previous do not.
The orbital angular momentum of a turbulent atmosphere and its impact on propagating structured light fields
Authors: Klug Asher , Nape Isaac , Forbes Andrew 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
When structured light is propagated through the atmosphere, turbulence results in modal scattering and distortions. An extensively studied example is that of light carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), where the atmosphere is treated as a phase distortion and numerical tools extract the resulting modal cross-talk. This approach focuses on the light itself, perturbed by the atmosphere, yet does not easily lend itself to physical insights, and fails to ask a pertinent question: where did the OAM that the beam gained or lost come from? Here, we address this by forgoing the beam and instead calculating the OAM of the atmosphere itself. With this intuitive model we are able to draw general conclusions on the impact of atmospheric turbulence on OAM beams, which we confirm experimentally. Our work alters the perspective on this problem, opening new insights into the physics of OAM in turbulence, and is easily extended to other structured light fields through arbitrary aberrations.
Knot probabilities in equilateral random polygons
Authors: Xiong A , Taylor A J , Dennis M R , Whittington S G 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We consider the probability of knotting in equilateral random polygons in Euclidean three-dimensional space, which model, for instance, random polymers. Results from an extensive Monte Carlo dataset of random polygons indicate a universal scaling formula for the knotting probability with the number of edges. This scaling formula involves an exponential function, independent of knot type, with a power law factor that depends on the number of prime components of the knot. The unknot, appearing as a composite knot with zero components, scales with a small negative power law, contrasting with previous studies that indicated a purely exponential scaling. The methodology incorporates several improvements over previous investigations: our random polygon data set is generated using a fast, unbiased algorithm, and knotting is detected using an optimised set of knot invariants based on the Alexander polynomial.
BestFIT Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial Results: A SMART Approach to Developing Individualized Weight Loss Treatment Sequences
Authors: Sherwood Nancy E , Crain A Lauren , Seburg Elisabeth M , Butryn Meghan L , Forman Evan M , Crane Melissa M , Levy Rona L , Kunin-Batson Alicia S , Jeffery Robert W 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
State-of-the-art behavioral weight loss treatment (SBT) can lead to clinically meaningful weight loss, but only 30–60% achieve this goal. Developing adaptive interventions that change based on individual progress could increase the number of people who benefit.

Purpose
Conduct a Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART) to determine the optimal time to identify SBT suboptimal responders and whether it is better to switch to portion-controlled meals (PCM) or acceptance-based treatment (ABT).

Method
The BestFIT trial enrolled 468 adults with obesity who started SBT and were randomized to treatment response assessment at Session 3 (Early TRA) or 7 (Late TRA). Suboptimal responders were re-randomized to PCM or ABT. Responders continued SBT. Primary outcomes were weight change at 6 and 18 months.

Results
PCM participants lost more weight at 6 months (−18.4 lbs, 95% CI −20.5, −16.2) than ABT participants (−15.7 lbs, 95% CI: −18.0, −13.4), but this difference was not statistically significant (−2.7 lbs, 95% CI: −5.8, 0.5, p = .09). PCM and ABT participant 18 month weight loss did not differ. Early and Late TRA participants had similar weight losses (p = .96), however, Early TRA PCM participants lost more weight than Late TRA PCM participants (p = .03).

Conclusions
Results suggest adaptive intervention sequences that warrant further research (e.g., identify suboptimal responders at Session 3, use PCMs as second-stage treatment). Utilizing the SMART methodology to develop an adaptive weight loss intervention that would outperform gold standard SBT in a randomized controlled trial is an important next step, but may require additional optimization work.

Clinical Trial information
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier; NCT02368002
Invited Commentary: The Need for Repeated Measures and Other Methodological Considerations When Investigating Discrimination as a Contributor to Health
Authors: Gaston Symielle A , Jackson Chandra L 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo determine potential measurement error related to the assessment of lifetime discrimination, Van Dyke et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2022;191(3):370–378) investigated inconsistencies in reporting of racial, socioeconomic status, and sex discrimination over time among Black and White adults enrolled in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. The authors found that “ever” reports of discrimination (as assessed by the Experiences of Discrimination Scale) decreased over time and that populations who most experience discrimination (i.e., Black/African-American people, younger persons, persons of low socioeconomic status, and women) were often also the most likely to inconsistently report discrimination over the course of the study period (from 1992 to 2010). The authors have raised an important issue related to the potential underestimation of lifetime discrimination that may depend on when discrimination is assessed, as well as the social identity of individuals surveyed. With implications for health inequities, these findings highlight study design and methodological issues that should be addressed to accurately estimate the true burden discrimination places on health. In this commentary, we further illuminate potential methodological challenges and opportunities to consider when investigating the impact of discrimination on health.
Exposures during the prepuberty period and future offspring’s health: evidence from human cohort studies†
Authors: Svanes Cecilie , Bertelsen Randi J , Accordini Simone , Holloway John W , Júlíusson Pétur , Boateng Eistine , Krauss-Etchmann Susanne , Schlünssen Vivi , Gómez-Real Francisco , Skulstad Svein Magne 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that exposures in prepuberty, particularly in fathers-to-be, may impact the phenotype of future offspring. Analyses of the RHINESSA cohort find that offspring of father’s exposed to tobacco smoking or overweight that started in prepuberty demonstrate poorer respiratory health in terms of more asthma and lower lung function. A role of prepuberty onset smoking for offspring fat mass is suggested in the RHINESSA and ALSPAC cohorts, and historic studies suggest that ancestral nutrition during prepuberty plays a role for grand-offspring’s health and morbidity. Support for causal relationships between ancestral exposures and (grand-)offspring’s health in humans has been enhanced by advancements in statistical analyses that optimize the gain while accounting for the many complexities and deficiencies in human multigeneration data. The biological mechanisms underlying such observations have been explored in experimental models. A role of sperm small RNA in the transmission of paternal exposures to offspring phenotypes has been established, and chemical exposures and overweight have been shown to influence epigenetic programming in germ cells. For example, exposure of adolescent male mice to smoking led to differences in offspring weight and alterations in small RNAs in the spermatozoa of the exposed fathers. It is plausible that male prepuberty may be a time window of particular susceptibility, given the extensive epigenetic reprogramming taking place in the spermatocyte precursors at this age. In conclusion, epidemiological studies in humans, mechanistic research, and biological plausibility, all support the notion that exposures in the prepuberty of males may influence the phenotype of future offspring.