bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy‐efficient routing protocol and optimized passive clustering in WSN for SMART grid applications
Authors: Vinodha Ramalingam , Durairaj Sundarraj , Padmavathi Sakkarai 
Published: November 2021

SummaryDue to low cost, ease of implementation and flexibility of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), WSNs are considered to be an essential technology to support the smart grid (SG) application. The prime concern is to increase the lifetime in order to find the active sensor node and thereby to find once the sensor node (SN) dies in any region. For this reason, an energy‐efficient Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol needs to provide the right stability region with a prolonged network lifetime. This work is an effort to extend the network's existence by finding and correcting the considerable energy leveraging behaviors of WSN. We build a comprehensive model based on real measures of SG path loss for different conditions by using the characteristics of WSN nodes and channel characteristics. This method also establishes a hierarchical network structure of balanced clusters and an energy‐harvesting SN. The cluster heads (CHs) are chosen by these SN using a low overhead passive clustering strategy. The cluster formation method is focused on the use of passive clustering of the particle swarm optimization (PSO). For the sake of eliminating delayed output in the WSN, energy competent dynamic source routing protocol (EC‐DSR) is used. Chicken swarm optimization (CSO) in which optimum cluster path calculation shall be done where distance and residual energy should be regarded as limitation. Finally, the results are carried out with regard to the packet distribution ratio, throughput, overhead management, and average end‐to‐end delay to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed system.
The Thermochemistry of Alkyne Insertion into a Palladacycle Outlines the Solvation Conundrum in DFT
Authors: Milovanović Milan R. , Boucher Mélanie , Cornaton Yann , Zarić Snežana D. , Pfeffer Michel , Djukic Jean‐Pierre 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn an effort to determine the thermochemistry of established organometallic transformation, the well documented reaction of alkynes with a palladacycle was investigated by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Although the mechanism of the insertion of unsaturated substrates into the Pd−C bond of cyclopalladated compounds is known, no information is available so far about their thermochemistry. The enthalpies of the reactions of Ph−C≡C−Ph and MeOC(O)−C≡C(O)COMe with the bisacetonitrilo salt of the N,N‐benzylamine palladacycle were determined by ITC in chlorobenzene after having optimized the conditions to ensure that only the double and a single insertion of alkynes were occurring respectively. The reaction energy profile established by DFT for the double insertion process involving Ph−C≡C−Ph confirmed earlier conclusions on the rate determining character of the first insertion. Further computations of reaction enthalpies reveal significant discrepancies between ITC and DFT‐D/continuum solvation enthalpies, that are suspected to arise from an unexpected explicit noncovalent interaction of PhCl with the components of the reaction.
Make It Green: Copper‐Catalyzed Olefin Aziridination in Water with an Iminoiodonane
Authors: Borrego Elena , Pérez Pedro J. , Caballero Ana 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe copper complex Tp(CF3)2,BrCu(NCMe) efficiently catalyses the aziridination of olefins in water using PhI=NTs as the nitrene source, with identical activity than that observed when using dichloromethane as the solvent, under the same experimental conditions. No specific modification of catalyst or substrates are required, nor the presence of additional phase transfer catalyst. Competition experiments and Hammett plots show that the behaviour of the metal centre is the same in both reaction media. This is the first example of a catalytic system employing PhI=NTs for olefin aziridination in water.
An acoustic wave method for evaluating the effectiveness of blast to enhance fragmentation in longwall top coal caving
Authors: Zhao Tielin , Zhou Yuliang , Gao Shengyuan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe advanced deep hole blasting (ADHB) is commonly used to improve the fragmentation of thick hard top coal in longwall top coal caving (LTCC) mining. This paper presents an acoustic method to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of the ADHB. First, the variations of P‐wave velocity of hard coal samples under uniaxial and triaxial compression are obtained from the laboratory acoustic test. Then, an acoustic wave method based on seismic tomography is proposed to assess the effectiveness of the ADHB by introducing the P‐wave velocity attenuation model into the data processing. Finally, a field seismic tomography test is conducted to obtain the distribution of the P‐wave velocity of top coal before and after the ADHB implementation. And the P‐wave velocity attenuation is calculated to estimate the fragmentation effectiveness of ADHB. The results indicate that the P‐wave velocity attenuation model could well represent the broken degree of hard coal, suggesting that the proposed acoustic wave method could quantitatively evaluate the fragmentation effectiveness by exporting the nephogram of P‐wave velocity attenuation. The present study may provide technical support for improving the recovery ratio of thick hard top coal for LTCC mining.
Enhancement of oil productivity of Mortierella alpine and investigation into the potential of Pickering oil‐in‐water emulsions to improve its oxidative stability
Authors: Esfandiyari Mehni Marjan , Samadlouie Hamid Reza , Rajaei Ahmad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMortierella alpine is an oleaginous fungi known for its tendency to produce oil and polyunsaturated fatty acid. Initial experiment indicated that magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) accelerated glucose consumption and, consequently, oil production. After enhancement of Mortierella alpine CBS 754.68' oil production, the oxidative stability of the oil rich in long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (arachidonic acid) encapsulated by modified chitosan (CS) was assayed. To confirm the modification of CS, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum indicated that the connection between CS and capric acid (CA) as well as stearic acid (SA) was well formed, leading to a considerable improvement in nanoparticle formation, measured by the SEM photographs, and physical and oxidative stability of emulsions. The oxidative stability of Mortierella alpine' oil emulsion in a period of 20 days at ambient temperature was monitored. Of all treated media, CS‐SA nanoparticles were of the most oxidative stability. The rheological tests showed that viscosity behaviors were dominated by elastic behaviors in the impregnating emulsion with unmodified CS at the applied frequencies, and the elastic behavior of the emulsion sample prepared with CS‐SA was slightly higher than that of the emulsion prepared with CS‐CA. The results of redispersibility indicated that the powdered emulsion stabilized by CS‐SA had the lowest water absorption.
Telephone‐based behavioral activation with mental imagery for depression: A pilot randomized clinical trial in isolated older adults during the Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Pellas Johnny , Renner Fritz , Ji Julie L. , Damberg Mattias 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo shield vulnerable persons, particularly the elderly, during the Covid‐19 pandemic governments around the world have advised to use social distancing and self‐isolation. Social isolation might put older adults at an increased risk for mental health problems such as depression. There is a need for brief, easy‐accessible psychological treatments for depressive symptoms that can be delivered remotely. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of telephone‐delivered Behavioral Activation with Mental Imagery (BA‐MI) for the treatment of depressive symptoms in individuals 65 years and older living in isolation during the Covid‐19 pandemic.MethodsIn this open‐label pilot randomized clinical trial, N = 41 individuals aged 65 years or older with clinically significant symptoms of depression were randomly assigned to either a BA‐MI treatment condition, or an Attention‐Assessment control condition delivered over the telephone over a 4‐week period.ResultsDepressive symptoms decreased more in the treatment condition compared to the control condition. At post‐treatment, 2 out of 16 participants in the treatment condition met diagnostic criteria for depression compared to 9 out of 13 in the control condition. Most participants in the treatment condition were satisfied with the treatment and few adverse effects were observed.ConclusionsThis pilot study suggests that behavioral activation with mental imagery delivered over the telephone is feasible, acceptable, and potentially efficacious for the treatment of depressive symptoms in older individuals living in isolation. Replication in larger samples is needed.
Intermittent theta burst stimulation over the parietal cortex has a significant neural effect on working memory
Authors: Deng Xinping , Wang Jue , Zang Yufeng , Li Yang , Fu Wenjin , Su Yanyan , Chen Xiongying , Du Boqi , Dong Qi , Chen Chuansheng , Li Jun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe crucial role of the parietal cortex in working memory (WM) storage has been identified by fMRI studies. However, it remains unknown whether repeated parietal intermittent theta‐burst stimulation (iTBS) can improve WM. In this within‐subject randomized controlled study, under the guidance of fMRI‐identified parietal activation in the left hemisphere, 22 healthy adults received real and sham iTBS sessions (five consecutive days, 600 pulses per day for each session) with an interval of 9 months between the two sessions. Electroencephalography signals of each subject before and after both iTBS sessions were collected during a change detection task. Changes in contralateral delay activity (CDA) and K‐score were then calculated to reflect neural and behavioral WM improvement. Repeated‐measures ANOVA suggested that real iTBS increased CDA more than the sham one (p = .011 for iTBS effect). Further analysis showed that this effect was more significant in the left hemisphere than in the right hemisphere (p = .029 for the hemisphere‐by‐iTBS interaction effect). Pearson correlation analyses showed significant correlations for two conditions between CDA changes in the left hemisphere and K score changes (ps <.05). In terms of the behavioral results, significant K score changes after real iTBS were observed for two conditions, but a repeated‐measures ANOVA showed a nonsignificant main effect of iTBS (p = .826). These results indicate that the current iTBS protocol is a promising way to improve WM capability based on the neural indicator (CDA) but further optimization is needed to produce a behavioral effect.
Sugar rush or sugar crash? Experimental evidence on the impact of sugary drinks in the classroom
Authors: Schiltz Fritz , De Witte Kristof 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSugary drinks in schools have been demonized for their potential long‐term contribution to rising obesity rates. Surprisingly, there is only little evidence on the immediate effects of sugary drinks in schools. This paper provides experimental evidence on the in‐class effects of sugary drinks on behavior and student achievement. We randomly assigned 462 preschool children to receive sugary drinks or artificially sweetened drinks and collected data before and after consumption. Our findings suggest that the consumption of one sugary drink induces an initial “relaxing” effect for boys, before making them more restless. Girls' behavior is not significantly affected. We find a negative effect on student achievement for boys and a positive effect for girls. We show the robustness of the results across two field experiments.
High Effectiveness of Broad Access Direct‐Acting Antiviral Therapy for Hepatitis C in an Australian Real‐World Cohort: The REACH‐C Study
Authors: Yee Jasmine , Carson Joanne M. , Hajarizadeh Behzad , Hanson Joshua , O’Beirne James , Iser David , Read Phillip , Balcomb Anne , Doyle Joseph S. , Davies Jane , Martinello Marianne , Marks Philiipa , Dore Gregory J. , Matthews Gail V. ,   the REACH‐C Study Group
Published: November 2021

Australia was one of the first countries with unrestricted access to government subsidized direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) therapy for adults with chronic hepatitis C virus. This study assessed real‐world DAA treatment outcomes across a diverse range of Australian clinical services and evaluated factors associated with successful treatment and loss to follow‐up. Real‐world Effectiveness of Antiviral therapy in Chronic Hepatitis C (REACH‐C) consisted a national observational cohort of 96 clinical services including specialist clinics and less traditional settings such as general practice. Data were obtained on consecutive individuals who commenced DAAs from March 2016 to June 2019. Effectiveness was assessed by sustained virological response ≥12 weeks following treatment (SVR) using intention‐to‐treat (ITT) and per‐protocol (PP) analyses. Within REACH‐C, 10,843 individuals initiated DAAs (male 69%; ≥50 years 52%; cirrhosis 22%). SVR data were available in 85% (9,174 of 10,843). SVR was 81% (8,750 of 10,843) by ITT and 95% (8,750 of 9,174) by PP. High SVR (≥92%) was observed across all service types and participant characteristics. Male gender (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.43‐0.72), cirrhosis (aOR 0.52, 95% CI 0.41‐0.64), recent injecting drug use (IDU; aOR 0.64, 95% CI 0.46‐0.91) and previous DAA treatment (aOR 0.50, 95% CI 0.28‐0.90) decreased the likelihood of achieving SVR. Multiple factors modified the likelihood of loss to follow‐up including IDU ± opioid agonist therapy (OAT; IDU only: aOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.44‐2.11; IDU + OAT: aOR 1.39, 95% CI 1.11‐1.74; OAT only, aOR 1.36; 95% CI 1.13‐1.68) and age (aOR 0.97, 95% CI 0.97‐0.98). Conclusion: Treatment response was high in a diverse population and through a broad range of services following universal access to DAA therapy. Loss to follow‐up presents a real‐world challenge. Younger people who inject drugs were more likely to disengage from care, requiring innovative strategies to retain them in follow‐up.
The dynamics of diplomatic careers: The shift from traditional to contemporary careers
Authors: Hart Dan , Baruch Yehuda 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCareer research has focused on the changing structures of careers, mainly in the private sector. Recent literature on employment patterns in the public sector suggests that career structures are evolving, gradually moving away from their signature traditional structures to contemporary ones. However, empirical evidence of this change is scarce and inconclusive. This qualitative study examines the changes currently unfolding in the career structure of the civil service by eliciting the experiences and views of senior Foreign Offices (FOs) staff in four countries: 198 state ambassadors from the United States, the United Kingdom, Israel, and Denmark were interviewed about their career trajectories. The data were analyzed using a thematic analysis framework. The findings revealed a gradual breakdown of the structures and policies that support traditional careers, and the emergence of new principles and practices that characterize contemporary careers. However, as they were captured midway through the process of change, all FOs display a combination of traditional and contemporary career structures at this point. The findings offer unique insights into the drivers of this evolution and highlight some of the consequences.
Near‐surface water fluxes and their controls in a sloping heterogeneously layered volcanic soil beneath a supra‐wet tropical montane cloud forest (NW Costa Rica)
Authors: Tobón Conrado , Bruijnzeel L. Adrian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTropical montane cloud forests (TMCF) receive additional (‘occult’) inputs of water from fog and wind‐driven rain. Together with the concomitant reduction in evaporative losses, this typically leads to high soil moisture levels (often approaching saturation) that are likely to promote rapid subsurface flow via macropores. Although TMCF make up an estimated 6.6% of all remaining montane tropical forest and occur mostly in steep headwater areas that are protected in the expectation of reduced downstream flooding, TMCF hillslope hydrological functioning has rarely been studied. To better understand the hydrological response of a supra‐wet TMCF (net precipitation up to 6535 mm y−1) on heterogeneously layered volcanic ash soils (Andosols), we examined temporal and spatial soil moisture dynamics and their contribution to shallow subsurface runoff and stormflow for a year (1 July 2003–30 June 2004) in a small headwater catchment on the Atlantic (windward) slope near Monteverde, NW Costa Rica. Particular attention was paid to the partitioning of water fluxes into lateral subsurface flow and vertical percolation. The presence of a gravelly layer (C‐horizon) at ~25 cm depth of very high hydraulic conductivity (geometric mean: 502 mm h−1) intercalated between two layers of much lower conductivity (7.5 and 15.7 mm h−1 above and below, respectively), controlled both surface infiltration and delayed vertical water movement deeper into the soil profile. Soil water fluxes during rainfall were dominated by rapid lateral flow in the gravelly layer, particularly at high soil moisture levels. In turn, this lateral subsurface flow controlled the magnitude and timing of stormflow from the catchment. Stormflow amount increased rapidly once topsoil moisture content exceeded a threshold value of ~0.58 cm3 cm−3. Responses were not affected appreciably by rainfall intensity because soil hydraulic conductivities across the profile largely exceeded prevailing rainfall intensities.
Isolated recurrence of prostate cancer to the anterior urethra 5 years after radiation therapy
Authors: Fujiwara Shinnosuke , Ishida Masaru , Arai Eri , Baba Yuto , Anno Tadatsugu , Kobayashi Hiroaki , Miyazaki Yasumasa 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionPrimary or metastatic urethral tumors are extremely rare. However, treatment strategies differ between primary and metastatic tumors. Therefore, establishing an accurate diagnosis is critically needed for initiating timely and appropriate therapy.Case presentationWe describe the case of a 79‐year‐old man with prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy. He presented with macroscopic hematuria as a symptom of anterior urethral tumor at follow‐up. Endoscopic tumor resection was performed. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed adenocarcinoma component. Immunohistochemical staining revealed presence of metastatic prostate cancer to the urethra.ConclusionRegarding urethral tumors diagnosis, urologists should consider the possibility of metastasis from prostate cancer and perform immunohistochemical examination for establishing accurate diagnosis. Furthermore, if androgen deprivation therapy fails to suppress symptoms, radiotherapy or urethrectomy might be considered.
The role of financial reporting quality in selecting new audit committee member
Authors: Lei Dongliang , Liu Jiaxin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we examine how the Boards of Directors affect their firm's financial reporting quality (FRQ) through the appointment of new Audit Committee Members (ACM) with a sample of firms from the period 2007 to 2011. Using the appointee firm's financial report quality as a proxy for new ACMs’ financial reporting attributes, we find that appointer firms are more likely to appoint new ACMs with financial reporting attributes similar to firms’ FRQ. We also show that firms appointing ACMs with relatively weak financial reporting attributes are more likely to have decreased subsequent FRQ. Further, we find that firms appointing ACMs with relatively weak financial reporting attributes suffer more deterioration on their subsequent FRQ when their financial reporting qualities are more different from the ACMs’ financial reporting attributes. For the appointment of board members not on the Audit Committee, we find no similarity of financial reporting quality between appointer firms and new directors.
Ameliorating cancer cachexia by inhibiting cancer cell release of Hsp70 and Hsp90 with omeprazole
Authors: Liu Zhelong , Xiong Jian , Gao Song , Zhu Michael X. , Sun Kai , Li Min , Zhang Guohua , Li Yi‐Ping 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundCancer cachexia, characterized by muscle and fat tissue wasting, is a major determinant of cancer‐related mortality without established treatment. Recent animal data revealed that cancer cells induce muscle wasting by releasing Hsp70 and Hsp90 as surface proteins on extracellular vesicles (EVs). Here, we test a therapeutic strategy for ameliorating cancer cachexia by inhibiting the release of Hsp70 and Hsp90 using proton pump inhibitor omeprazole.MethodsOmeprazole effect on Hsp70/90 release through EVs by Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells in vitro, serum levels of Hsp70/90 and Hsp70/90‐carrying EVs in LLC tumour‐bearing mice, and LLC‐induced muscle protein degradation pathways in C2C12 myotubes and mice were determined. Omeprazole effect on endolysosomal pH and Rab27b expression in LLC cells were analysed.ResultsOmeprazole treatment of LLC cells inhibited Hsp70/90 and Hsp70/90‐carrying EV release in a dose‐dependent manner (1 to 10 μM) and attenuated the catabolic activity of LLC cell‐conditioned medium on C2C12 myotubes. Systemic omeprazole administration to LLC tumour‐bearing mice (5 mg/kg/day subcutaneously) for 2 weeks blocked elevation of serum Hsp70, Hsp90, and Hsp70/90‐carrying EVs, abrogated skeletal muscle catabolism, and prevented loss of muscle function as well as muscle and epididymal fat mass without altering tumour growth. Consequently, median survival increased by 23.3%. Mechanistically, omeprazole increased cancer cell endolysosomal pH level dose‐dependently (0.1 to 1 μM) by inhibiting vacuolar H+‐ATPase. Further, omeprazole suppressed the highly elevated expression of Rab27b, a key regulator of EV release, in LLC cells.ConclusionsOmeprazole ameliorates cancer cachexia by inhibiting cancer cell release of Hsp70 and Hsp90.