bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative Analysis of Multi-Level Inverters Supplied by Photovoltaic Panels based on THD and Filter Size by using POD-SPWM Technique
Authors: Khalif Haider Ali , Abed Jameel Kadhim , Mahdi Ali Jafer 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Solar Photovoltaic (PV) power is one of the favourable renewable energy resources in the globe especially in Iraq. The main benefits of solar energy are dependability and availability. The important roles for construction of a PV power plant are decreasing the cost of its components, simplifying the complexity of its controllers and improving its performance to meet the grid standards. In this paper, single stage PV Generators (PVGs) connected with Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter (CHB-MLI) are designed and analyzed. Four MLI topologies are demonstrated, which are three, five, seven and nine levels, for improving the efficiency of multilevel inverter, reducing drop voltage and total harmonic distortion (THD) value for the output voltage and current by decreasing the inductance value of L filter in load side. In this paper, Phase Opposition Disposition based on Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (POD-SPWM) technique is used to control the proposed MLI circuits. In this technique, the reference signal is a modulating sine of 50 Hz frequency is compared with a carrier signals of 50 kHz to produce optimal switching combinations that achieve numerous levels of output voltage. Simulation work is done using the MATLAB software. The simulation results confirm that the performance and the cost of nine-level topology is improved compared with the three, five and seven levels topologies.
An Experimental Research on Design and Development Diversified Controllers for Tri-copter Stability Comparison
Authors: Raheema Sadiq Jawad , Saleh Muna Hadi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The drones have become the focus of researchers’ attention because they enter into many details of life. The Tri-copter was chosen because it combines the advantages of the quadcopter in stability and manoeuvrability quickly. In this paper, the nonlinear Tri-copter model is entirely derived and applied three controllers; Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID), Fractional Order PID (FOPID), and Nonlinear PID (NLPID). The tuning process for the controllers’ parameters had been tuned by using the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm. Then the results obtained had been compared. Where the improvement rate for the Tri-copter model of the nonlinear controller (NLPID) if compared with the linear controller is (81.69%). Also, compared the paper results with the previous work results, where the greatest improvement in the stability of the Tri-copter model was (94.2 %) in the nonlinear controller and for traditional PID controller was (79.22).
Detect The Variation of Maximum Power Point of the PV Module Under Different Factor of Shading
Authors: Abdulemam Duaa Muslim , Abed Issa Ahmed , Hassan Kadhim H. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A simulation-based study under partial shading condition is presented for a photovoltaic (PV) module in this paper. In a solar photovoltaic module, some of its cells may fall into the shadow. With multiple peaks, the PV characteristic gets more complex under partial shading conditions. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the effects which can cause partial shading in a PV module. Where is done through Simulation by MATLAB / Simscape. Under partial shading and uniform irradiation, the characteristics of the PV module are compared. All results are displayed in graphical forms to demonstrate the outcomes.
A Review of an Invasive and Non-invasive Automatic Confusion Detection Techniques
Authors: Ibrahim F , Mutashar S , Hamed B 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Human mind confusion was found one of the primary causes of minimal execution in any type of everyday assignment that requires reasoning or during any learning process. Detecting confusion is important, and it plays a vital role in student e-learning environment. Detecting confusion by computerized machinery is challenging since it requires artificial intelligence methodology, and it has many advantages, which are highlighted in this work. The computerized confusion detection techniques are classified into two categories, sensor based and extraction of facial visual cues, in the paper, with elaborating on their details. The different confusion detection techniques that have been used in some previous research works with their classification technique, number of participants, accuracy and feature type were listed and compared to investigate the better technique, and recommendation was stated. This review would absolutely rapid researchers to supplement their efforts towards the expansion of automatic confusion detection systems.
Determining the best location for indoor access point based on received signal strength
Authors: Salman Hassanein H , Mosleh Mahmood F , Mutlag Ammar Hussein 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Recently, a massive demand for wireless communication for big data transfer has risen. However, the interface and high noise stem from a large number of wireless local area networks require a better improvement of our own wireless devices; one of the best solutions is to locate an optimal location for the access point to achieve good received signal strength. In this research, a case study of a large house is simulated using Wireless Insite software to find the optimum location of the access point to investigate better coverage area. In addition, the performance of wave propagation for frequencies of 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz are carried out to show the differences between them. The results help to find the optimum location that gives optimal coverage area. Also, the results show that using 5 GHz leads to significant attenuation in received power by about 12.744%; this means that the transmitted power of the 5 GHz has to be increased by the same percentage to achieve the same coverage area when using 2.4 GHz.
High Band Rejection Improvement for Coupled Line Using Defected Ground Structure Technology
Authors: Yousif Ameer Basheer , Ezzulddin Dr. Ahmed Saadoon 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this article a high band rejection has been achieved by using Defected Ground Structure (DGS) technology depending on adding couple poles to improve the inverter and resonator, it will get a high rejection characteristic with good return loss by using this technology. The proposed coupling filter applied to a bandpass diplexer filter with two bands of 2.6 GHz and 6 GHz implemented on RO4350 substrate has a dielectric constant of 3.67 with 14×75 mm overall dimensions. The design technique for the suggested coupled - line filter is implemented based on the theory of coupled - line filters and the DGS equivalent circuit. The simulation results after using DGS show better agreements with theoretical results.
Multibiometric System for Iris Recognition Based Convolutional Neural Network and Transfer Learning
Authors: Therar Huda Moyasar , Mohammed Lect. Dr. Emad Ahmed , Ali Asst. Prof. Dr. Ahmed Jadaan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Multimodal biometric methods have been commonly used by several implementations because of its capability to work with a variety of important drawbacks in unimodal biometric methods, such as noise affectability, populace coverage, intraclass variety, vulnerability to spoofing, and non-universality. In this research, a multimodal biometric realtime method is suggested depending upon the design of a deep learning model for pictures of a person’s (right & left) irises. This system has been implemented by combining the characteristics of convolution neural networks and transfer learning techniques. Through this research, the training system focused on a collection of the back_propagation technique with Adam’s optimization approach utilized to modify weights and adjust learning rates during the learning process. The efficiency of the system is examined on two public datasets obtained in various conditions: IITD and CASIA-Iris-V3 Interval. The implemented system gives an accuracy of 99% for both left & right IITD iris datasets and accuracy of (94% and 93%) for the left and right iris for CASIA-iris-V3 interval datasets respectively after training. An OpenCV library for image pre-processing, Keras, and sci-kit learn python libraries for feature extraction and recognition has been utilized.
Design and implementation of IoT based environment pollution monitoring system: A case study of Iraq
Authors: Al-jarakh Taha E , Hussein Osama A , Al-azzawi Alaa K , Mosleh Mahmood F 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Researches confirm the existence of widespread pollution in Iraq, where a large number of citizens suffer from symptoms related to environmental pollutants. This is accompanied by the lack of an integrated monitoring system that provides wide-scale, real-time monitoring of air pollution for pollutants (Particulate Matter (PM), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Ground-Level Ozone (O3), Carbon Monoxide (CO), and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), ionizing radiation). In this paper, an integrated system was designed and implemented to meet the requirements of air pollution monitoring in Iraq on a wide-scale and provide its results in real-time to the end-users in community service as a significant step towards smart cities. Distributed computing concepts and design patterns were used to realize the system in the form of web services along with the embedded sensing units. Where the readings from the former are sent in real-time to the later to be aggregated and analysed in database systems. Reporting services are run on the data in web-services to inform the citizens with the air quality, radioactively polluted areas, and provide real-time alerts and recommendations to those with respiratory diseases.
Design and Implementation of Hardware to Perform Testing the Matching Packet Header Based on FPGA
Authors: Özbek Assist. Prof. Mehmet Efe , Al-Obaidi Anwer Sabah 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The hardware architecture of the parallel process multiple RAM that emulates the behaviors of content addressable memory for packet classification is presents in this paper. With the increase in Internet networks’ speed, the speed of detection of intruders has become a basic requirement. In this work, a packet header field is used in a fast and efficient way to detect intruders to prevent them from accessing the data. The application test results were fast and compatible when used FPGA board technique from xilinx. Finally, the design, synthesis of this parallel process multiple RAM packet header detector has been achieved using Vivado 2018.2 simulator, and coding is written in Verilog HDL language and implemented on Virtex – 7 FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) kit.
Investigation of Water Vapour Harvesting Unit Using Solar Energy
Authors: Hussein Saja A. , Khalifa Abdul Hadi N. , Faraj Johain J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
water-harvesting unit is built and the effects of design parameters are studied experimentally and theoretically under Baghdad conditions (33. 3°N, 44.33° E). The unit consists of desiccant materials contained in many trays that enclosed in a metal container covered by a glass cover. The desiccant materials aim to adsorb the water vapor that associated with the air, an axial fan is used to blow the ambient air over the desiccant. The unit container is built from aluminum of 0.6 mm thickness; the dimensions of the container are 27 cm wide, 93cm length and 10 cm height. Two gets are installed in the unit for the inlet and outlet of air. The front face of the container is covered by a glass cover of 4 mm thickness. Different types of desiccant materials are used to adsorb the water vapour from the air, namely; silica gel powder, silica gel pellets, zeolite 13X, zeolite 3A and MCM-41 Nano powder. The effect of the mass flow rate of air over the desiccant materials and the types of desiccant material on the amount of freshwater production is studied in this work. Tóth model is used to build a mathematical of the adsorption/desorption process. The mathematical model aims to cover the performance of the water-harvesting unit around the year. The results show that the maximum daily production of the water-harvesting unit using MCM-41 is 0.5 kgw/kgads when the mass flow rate of air is 14 kg/hr, as the mass flow rate of air increases more than 14 kg/hr the daily water production reduces. The use of other desiccant materials like Zeolites and silica gels shows encourage results in the daily production of water of less than 0.1 kgw/kgads. The mathematical modelling of the water-harvesting unit shows the maximum water production about 0.55 kgw/kgads in December. The error between the experimental and mathematical models for daily water production is in the range of 12.5 to 17.8% for the desiccant materials used in this work.
Investigation The performance of a Linear Fresnel Solar Concentrator Integrated with an Adsorption Refrigeration Cycle
Authors: Hussein Ahmed , Qasim Ahmed , Mohammed Aedah 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A large amount of the energy produced is used for heating and cooling application. Many studies at the present time are looking for ways to reduce this consumption or use a renewable energy source to reduce dependence on fossil fuel energy. In this research, the used of solar energy to power a hybrid adsorption ice-maker, a linear Fresnel solar concentrator type, with a total area of 5 m2, is used for this purpose The concentrator was designed, built and conducting an experimental study in Baghdad (latitude 33.33 and longitude 44.14) for the solar system that which is consisting of the concentrator with a double absorber type evacuated tube has been used, tank, pump and accessories to investigate the performance of the system and the effect of the water flow on the unit performance. The performance of the adsorption system is studied theoretically. The adsorption system works with the activated carbonmethanol pair the mass of activated carbon is 0.5 and while the mass of methanol is 1.6 kg. The experimental work was achieved at July 2019 and the results showed that the maximum temperature of the water inside the tank obtained was 95 °C when the rate of water flow through the collector loop was 0.5 kg/min and that the maximum thermal efficiency was about 40% at the same flow amount. The theoretical results showed that the best coefficient of performance for the adsorption refrigeration system was 0.43 at the generator temperature of 95 °C and the condensing temperature of 30 °C.
Steam Turbine Governor (STG) Controller Design Based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
Authors: Majeed Farah Ayad Abdul 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA reheat and non-reheat steam turbines governor is a component of the turbine control system that regulates rotational speed in response to changing load conditions. The governor output signal manipulates the position of a steam inlet valve or nozzles which in turn regulates the steam flow to the turbine. The application of PID (proportional integral derivative (controller has been widely used from small industry to high technology industry. Tuning the parameters of a PID controller is very important in PID control, Ziegler-Nichols method also used to tune the coefficients of a PID controller. The compensation has been proposed to be 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% and 15% of the actual load.This paper evaluates the feasibility of using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method for determining the optimal PID controller parameters for steam turbine speed control. The PSO optimization technique is compared with Ziegler-Nichols method and (PID) controllers. It is validated that PSO based controller is more efficient in reducing the steady-states error, settling time, rising time, and overshooting limit in speed control of the steam turbine control. In which the maximum peak overshoot has been reduced from 44.8% in case of the original system without any controller to 3.45% for the case of PSO based controller and that for 15% load change.
Shear force analysis of Resistance Spot Welding of Similar and Dissimilar Material: copper and carbon steel
Authors: Husain Imad M. , Saad Mursal Luaibi , Barrak Osamah Sabah , Hussain Sabah Khammass , Hamzah Mahmood Mohammed 
Published: July 2021

AbstractResistance spot welding (RSW) is a complicated process, which involves the interaction of electrical, thermal, mechanical, and metallurgical phenomena. In this research we used two types of material (UNS G10050 carbon steel and UNS C10010 copper) and welded them in similar and dissimilar condition with four variables welding current, pressure, squeeze time and welding time. The results of the tensile-shear force were analyzed statistically by the Design of experiments (DOE) utilizing Taguchi method. Tensile-shear test used for counting the strength of the joint, maximum strength was found in similar joining condition for carbon steel, also it is interesting to note that the strength of dissimilar joint is stronger than copper joining in similar condition.
Modal analysis of Kaplan turbine in Haditha hydropower plant using ANSYS and SolidWorks
Authors: Muhsen Abdulmuttalib A. , Resan Al-Malik Ali A. , Attiya Bashar H. , Al-Hardanee Omar Farhan , Abdalazize Karam Aied 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this study, numerical analysis is conducted to investigate the failure modes in Kaplan turbine. All necessary steps for Kaplan turbine failure analysis are presented in this work using the modal analysis computational approach. The modal behaver analysis is carried out on a model of an existing Kaplan turbine blade, which is based on the existing turbine used in Haditha hydropower plant in Iraq. This work investigates the modal behavior of the blade of interest, which aid in predicting structural damage initiation. The Kaplan turbine blade is designed using the commercial software ANSYS and SolidWorks. To simulate the blade in operation, the blade is fixed from one end, and all degrees of freedom are measured. Moreover, the turbine blade is moved and rotated to simulate multiple operational conditions. Both mode shapes and natural frequencies are predicted and analyzed using the two aforementioned commercial software and the numerical formula involving the arrest Lanczos method. It is clear from the results that the natural frequency of the specified mode shape does not match with the natural frequency of the runner blade. Hence, there is no failure due to resonance phenomenon in this specific Kaplan turbine. The future work must investigate other aspect of the failure modes in such turbine, such as unbalance dynamic loading. The Results obtained from this study will help study the different possibilities for detecting the failure of the Kaplan blade by examining the modal behavior of the blade.
Analytical approach to design wind turbine blades suitable for high power production based on operational conditions in Iraq
Authors: Rahmah Nisreen M. , Muhammad Ahmed K. , Mohammed Tawfeeq W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study presents analytical approach to design wind turbine blades of high power production capable to work in actual operational conditions in Iraq. The study includes aerodynamics analysis related to wind features around the blades, stress analysis related to the weight of the blade and corresponding loads using SolidWorks software and finally selection the suitable material for manufacturing. Moreover, a survey has done to collect data of wind characteristics in Iraq. The effective parameters in the design were: wind speed, desired power and tower height. The design predicts many specifications in the design of blade for a rate power between (600-850 kW), where the diameter of rotary ranged from 48-57 m, length of blade ranged from 23-27 m and the thickness of the chord has not exceeded 0.12 m as maximum.
Effect of Multi-pass SMAW Welding on the Surface Hardness and Microstructure of Carbon Steel AISI 1050
Authors: Sar Mohammed Helan , Barrak Osamah Sabah , Hussain Sabah Khammass 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The objective of this work is to investigate the chemical composition, mechanical, and metallurgical properties of welded the carbon steel plates by electrode E7Cr utilize a shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) to weld three cases include one, two, and three passes. The material of the carbon steel plate was of type AISI 1050 with a thickness of 18mm, the diameter of the electrode was 3.2mm. A surface welding was used as a deposit on the surface of base metal with welding parameters of welding current = 90-140A, voltage = 21V. The welded workpiece was tested by a chemical composition analysis, Vickers hardness test, and microstructure test. The results refer that the chemical composition analysis of deposited weld metal achieved an increase in the alloying element of C, Cr, and Mn. The microstructure test of welding zone gives the microstructure different of the base metal, which it consists of a mixture of fine-grain Ferrite, dendrite, coarse dendrites, and Cr-carbide, especially in the third pass. The Vickers hardness test of the third layer had an estimate much higher than of the other layers.
Efficiency enhancement of solar cell collector using Fe3O4 / water nanofluid
Authors: Saleh A.H. , Hussein A.M. , Danook S.H. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Increasing temperature of cell’s surface considers one of the most parameters that affected the performance of Photovoltaic thermal collector (PV/T).
A numerical study aid by Ansys Fluent was employed in this study to invesitgate the performance of PV solar cell energy analysis under the same climatic condition of Sherqat-Iraq. A validated CFD model was used in this investigation. It was included six cases four concentrations of (Fe3O4/water) nanofluid, one employed pure water and one used non-cooling PV. The collector of PV/T contains an absorber plate made of Aluminium and serpentine pipe made of copper. The system worked under laminar regime at a constant flow rate (0.0075kg/sec). The results showed that the using of nanofluid as coolant increasing the overall efficiency of PV compared with the water-cooling and non-cooling PV solar cell. It was concluded that the highest thermal and electrical effeciencies are 19.5% and 55.45% respectively when using 1% volume fraction of nanofluid.
Experimental study of cold storage packed domestic refrigerator with solar powered variable speed compressor
Authors: Radhi Mahdi M , Johain J F , Khalifa Abdul-Hadi N 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A domestic chest type freezer powered by photovoltaic solar panels studied experimentally. Phase change materials (PCM) were incorporated as thermal energy storage instead of traditional batteries for power backup freezer operation under absence/low solar irradiance levels. The test rig consists of three sided freezer divided into two insulated compartments each have its own PCM storage tank. A eutectic potassium chloride (19.4% with -10°C freezing temperature) and sodium chloride (8% with -5°C freezing temperature) aqueous solutions were used as thermal energy storage in each part of cabin. A comparison between different PCMs was made. The results showed a %54 reduction in compressor running time for the PCM packed evaporator. 4Kg of 8% NaCl solution at full load gave higher thermal mass. Also, freezer temperature maintained between -3.5 to -1 ºC for 46% of holdover periods without power supply. 8% NaCl solution performance was superior to 14% NaCl. As the mass of PCM increases the freezer performance improves as well. Finally, two compartments freezer showed that 2kg of 19.5% KCl has successfully kept load temperature at (2°C).