bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mineralogy and geochemistry of sands from Playa las Golondrinas, Puerto Rico: an approach to establishing a geogenic background
Authors: Allen Audrey , McLeod Claire L. , Velázquez Santana Liannie C. , Zimmerer Maddy , Lytle Marion L. , Krekeler Ethan , Amick Will , Tegge Jonathan , Ventura-Valentín Wilnelly , Vest Jordan , O’Connor Abigale , Shaulis Barry , Stitle Landon , Snell Spencer , Krekeler Mark P. S. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Sands from the dune, berm, and shore environments at Playa las Golondrinas (18° 30′ 51″ N, 67° 3′ 26″) were investigated to explore how beach sands could be applied as a potential environmental (geogenic) background for the local region. Grain size is dominantly unimodal classifying as fine to medium sand. Hydraulic conductivity values range from 1.07 cm/s (berm) to 1.49 cm/s (shoreface). Sample mineralogy as constrained by X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals a dominance of quartz and feldspar with minor Mg-calcite, pyroxene, and olivine. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) support XRD data and indicate the presence of oxide-bearing lithic fragments in addition to biologic materials (e.g., corals. forams). Reflective spectra are consistent with XRD and microscopy. Bulk element concentrations determined using inductively coupled plasma—mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) are consistent with derivation from the arc-related rocks of Puerto Rico’s interior exhibiting LILE enrichment, Pb-enrichment, and associated Nb–Ta depletion. The majority of the bulk elemental concentrations are below those of average upper continental crust (UCC) values and element co-variation trends (e.g., wt. % Fe2O3 vs. As) are interpreted as geogenic in origin. Berm sands are enriched in Fe, Mn, Ni, Cr, V, and As compared to dune and shore samples and this signature is interpreted as being from a wind-driven winnowing effect. The exact form of As (As3+ or As5+) remains unconstrained and thus it is unknown if As is mobile in this environment. Reflective spectra, supported by grain size, mineralogy, and bulk chemistry, enables future remote sensing investigations by providing detailed constraints on sand in environmentally sensitive areas. This study therefore provides local context for metal pollution studies across the region.
Transfer learning for linear regression with differential privacy
Authors: Hou Yiming , Song Yunquan , Wang Zhijian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Transfer learning, as a machine learning approach to enhance model generalization, has found widespread applications across various domains. However, the risk of privacy leakage during the transfer process remains a crucial consideration. Differential privacy, with its rigorous mathematical foundations, has been proven to offer consistent and robust privacy protection. This study delves into the problem of linear regression transfer learning under differential privacy and, on this basis, proposes a novel strategy incorporating prior information as a constraint to further enhance model performance and stability. In scenarios where the transferable source is known, a two-step transfer learning algorithm incorporating prior information is proposed. This approach leverages prior knowledge to effectively constrain the model parameters, ensuring that the solution space remains reasonable throughout the transfer process. For cases where transferable sources are unknown, a non-algorithmic, cross-validation-based method for transferable source detection is introduced to mitigate adverse impacts stemming from non-informative sources. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithms is validated through simulations and real-world data experiments.
Decoupling Relationship Analysis Between Carbon Emissions and Industry Development of Urban Rail Transit in China
Authors: Yang Rong , Song Minhua , Guo Xuemeng , Hu Xiaoyi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAs the scale of development continues to expand, carbon emissions of urban rail transit (URT) in China have gradually increased each year, posing certain pressure on the carbon emission reduction efforts in the URT industry. To evaluate the current status of low-carbon development in the URT industry, this paper first constructs an annual carbon emission accounting model for URT that considers both the construction and operation processes. Based on this model, the annual carbon emissions of URT in China from 2015 to 2023 are calculated. Furthermore, based on decoupling theory, the relationship between carbon emissions and industry development in URT is explored from both the construction and operation aspects. The results show that: (1) From 2015 to 2023, the total carbon emissions of URT in China increased significantly from 14.425 million tons to 24.7072 million tons. The proportion of carbon emissions from construction is higher during the study period, but the growth rate of carbon emissions from operation is faster. (2) The order of carbon emissions from URT in different regions from largest to smallest is: East > West > Central > Northeast. (3) During the study period, the carbon emissions from URT construction in China were weakly decoupled from the operational lines. (4) There was an expansive coupling relationship between carbon emissions from URT operation and passenger transport turnover in China. These findings can provide some guidance for the sustainable development of the URT industry.
DTIA: Disruptive Text-Image Alignment for Countering Text-to-Image Diffusion Model Personalization
Authors: Gao Ya , Yang Jing , Wu Minghui , Zhao Chenxu , Su Anyang , Song Jie , Yu Zitong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPersonalized content synthesis technologies based on diffusion models have achieved significant breakthroughs, allowing for the creation of specific images from just a few reference photos. However, when these technologies are used to create fake news or unsettling content targeting individuals, they pose a substantial risk to society. To address this issue, current methods generate adversarial samples by adversarially maximizing the training loss, thus disrupting any personalized generation model trained with these samples. However, these methods are not efficient and do not fully consider the intrinsic mechanisms of successful personalization attacks. In this paper, we introduce an innovative Disruptive Text-Image Alignment (DTIA) framework. Based on the analysis that existing methods succeed in their attacks due to an overfitting of text to noise, which results in inaccurate face information matching, we have designed a Text-Image Mis-Match Attack framework. This framework aims to disrupt the model’s learning of associations between input faces and specific texts, thereby reducing unnecessary computational load. We also studied how the choice of timestep in diffusion models affects adversarial attacks and proposed a step schedule strategy to enhance algorithm efficiency. Extensive experiments on facial benchmarks have demonstrated that our DTIA framework not only disrupts personalized generation models but also significantly improves model efficiency.
Exploring the vitality of Tianjin’s downtown based on the Light GBM-SHAP model
Authors: Li Na , Yao Li 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn the age of stock planning, urban vitality is a key indication of a city’s health and vitality. Using the central city of Tianjin as an example, the study uses multi-source data, such as Weibo check-ins, points of interest, etc., to quantify urban vitality. The Light GBM-SHAP model is chosen to measure the non-linear effects of each indicator on urban vitality in four dimensions: crowd vitality, economic vitality, facility vitality, and environmental vitality. The study also applies spatial visualization and spatial statistical analysis to analyze the vitality of the central city of Tianjin in terms of time and space scales. The findings indicate that: (1) There is clear temporal and geographical variation in the vitality distribution in Tianjin’s core urban region. Over time, spring, particularly April, is marked by a surge of vitality brought on by the tourist season and holiday effects; there is a double-peak time in the morning and evening, and the nighttime vitality is particularly strong; and, in terms of space, urban vitality tends to decline from the Heping District outward. (2) Public facility density, living facility density, and building density are the three indicators that most strongly influence urban vitality; each indication has a negligible impact on the temporal dimension of urban vitality. (3) The indicators in Tianjin’s core urban region have a substantial impact on urban vitality. Their threshold effect and non-linear influence are evident, and managing the indicators within a suitable range may effectively promote urban vitality. The study’s findings might serve as a foundation for Tianjin’s core city’s urban planning and design.
Significance of demographic variables on perceived attention restoration using biophilic strategies in luxury hotels in Nigeria
Authors: Yusuf Jamaldeen Abiola , Isah Abubakar Danladi , Salami Shakirat Folashade 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNatural environments have been discovered to promote restoration from mental fatigue and improve cognitive performance. In hotels, patrons creating these restorative environments is of great importance to ensure a truly rejuvenating stay for patrons. However, luxury hotels in Nigeria often struggle to effectively incorporate restorative elements that cater to their diverse international clientele, which leads to suboptimal guest experiences. This study examines the impact of biophilic design strategies on creating restorative spaces in luxury hotels in Abuja, Nigeria, and how demographic variables moderate these effects. It adopts Attention Restoration Theory (ART) as a conceptual framework and employs a quantitative approach to evaluate the influence of biophilic elements on perceived restorativeness. Data was gathered from a survey of 415 hotel guests in Abuja. Major findings indicate that visual connections with nature, spacious environments, and a balance of complexity and order significantly contribute to attention restoration. Age and cultural background were identified as significant moderators, with older adults and non-Nigerian guests perceiving higher levels of restoration in certain aspects. In contrast, gender did not substantially affect the association between biophilic elements and perceived restorativeness. The study therefore highlights the importance of tailoring hotel environments to diverse demographic needs to enhance guest well-being. The findings provide a practical framework for hotel designers to integrate biophilic design principles efficiently and it emphasizes the design of environments that cater to the distinctive preferences of different age groups and cultural backgrounds. Recommendations include strategic placement of natural elements, advocating for sustainable design policies, and further research into optimizing biophilic interventions for various hotel types.
Overall Morphology of Prominent Zonal Differences in Low Latitude Ionosphere
Authors: Yang Yuyan , Liu Libo , Li Wenbo , Zhao Xiukuan , Chen Yiding , Le Huijun , Zhang Ruilong , Lu Jianyong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper reports the overall morphology of prominent zonal differences in total electron content (TEC) data from Beidou geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites in the low latitude ionosphere over the Asia sector. Using GEO TEC observations from the GXZY receiver (26.2°N, 110.6°E) from 1 November 2019 to 30 November 2022, 64 prominent zonal difference events under geomagnetic quiet conditions were selected. We clarify the global longitude structures corresponding to these prominent zonal difference events at low latitudes through the global TEC products from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The structures that can cause the prominent zonal difference features in GEO TEC data are mainly divided into large‐scale wave‐like structures and featured regional structures. Among them, 19 cases of prominent zonal difference features were caused by large‐scale wave‐like structures, and 45 cases were caused by regional longitude structures. Prominent zonal differences generated from Large‐scale wave‐like structures are explained by the day‐to‐day variation of wave components, which creates an amplitude superposition and amplifies the crest intensity in a region. The featured regional structures cover a longitudinal range of about 10°–30°. In addition, we discussed the possible reasons for this small longitudinal structure by utilizing plasma drift velocity data at the magnetic equator from the Ionospheric Connection Explorer mission. The delicate longitude structures of vertical and zonal plasma drift likely contribute to the prominent zonal difference features in certain events.
Daytime Production of Airborne Pollutants Including Brown Carbon by NO2 Interaction With Surface Microlayer of Lake Water in Southwestern China
Authors: Deng Qingxin , He Bowen , Wang Yiqun , Xu Jinli , Li Yuanzhe , Hu Yanan , Ran Zhu , Tang Mingjin , Wang Xinming , Li Xue , Liu Jiangping , Gligorovski Sasho 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSurface microlayer at freshwater (rivers, lakes, ponds, streams, and groundwater) and seawater is abundant with organic compounds compared to subsurface water. These organics adsorbed at the air‐water interface can interact with the atmospheric oxidants and influence the exchange of organic materials between the water and the atmosphere. Here, we assess the chemical interaction between gaseous NO2 and authentic surface microlayers collected at the lake water (Dianchi Lake) situated in China. The formation of the gas‐phase product compounds was evaluated in real time using a novel secondary electrospray ionization ultrahigh‐resolution quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometer (SESI‐UHR‐MS) upon exposure of surface microlayer to gaseous NO2 (20 or 50 ppb) in dark and under simulated sunlight irradiation at two different temperatures: 5°C and 25°C. The obtained results revealed that the sampling sites of the lake impacted by human activities (municipal sewage and agricultural activities) significantly impact the number and the composition of the formed gas‐phase product compounds. The formation of nitrogen (N)‐containing compounds was observed as well, which contain most likely nitro or amino functional groups, or alternatively, they could be aromatic compounds. The observed N‐containing compounds may contribute to the “brown carbon” which act as light‐absorbing compounds, thus influencing the radiative forcing of aerosols in the atmosphere.
Comparison of Global Aboveground Biomass Estimates From Satellite Observations and Dynamic Global Vegetation Models
Authors: El Masri Bassil , Xiao Jingfeng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe global forest carbon stocks represent the amount of carbon stored in woody vegetation and are important for quantifying the ability of the global forests to sequester atmospheric CO2 and to provide ecosystem services (e.g., timber) under climate change. The forest ecosystem carbon pool estimates are highly variable and poorly quantified in areas lacking forest inventory estimates. Here, we compare and analyze aboveground biomass (AGB) estimates from five satellite‐based global data sets and nine dynamic global vegetation models (DVGMs). We find that across the data sets, mean AGB exhibits the largest variability around the tropical area. In addition, AGB shows a similar latitudinal trend but large variability among the data sets. Satellite‐based AGB estimates are lower than those simulated by DVGMs. The divergence among the satellite‐based AGB estimates can be driven by the methodology, input satellite products, and the forested areas used to estimate AGB. The modeled NPP, autotrophic respiration, and carbon allocation mostly drive the variability of AGB simulated by DGVMs. The future availability of a high‐quality global forest area map is anticipated to improve AGB estimate accuracy and to reduce the discrepancies among different satellite‐ and model‐based AGB estimates. We suggest the carbon‐modeling community reexamine the methodology used to estimate AGB and forested areas for a more robust global forest carbon stock estimation.
The Noise Temperature Analysis on a Space‐Grade Cryogenic Low Noise Amplifier Using Two Measurement Methods
Authors: Jin Junda , Liu Jie , Liu Dong , Ding Jiang‐Qiao , Zhang Xuan , Li Jing , Shi Sheng‐cai 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe noise of a cryogenic low‐noise amplifier (cryo‐LNA) directly impacts the sensitivity of a terahertz superconducting heterodyne receiver. This paper aims to evaluate the noise temperature of a cryo‐LNA and its suitability as the first stage IF amplifier for the heterodyne receiver, specifically the high‐sensitivity terahertz detection module for the China Space Station Survey Telescope. Both the Cold Attenuator (CA) Method and the Variable Temperature Load (VTL) Method are employed to ensure confidence in the measured values. The maximum difference in results is 1K within the frequency range of 0.1–2 GHz, contributing to an uncertainty of 4K in the receiver's noise temperature. The measurement accuracy of the noise temperature is analyzed in detail, with particular emphasis on the influence of the cryogenic attenuator and the noise contribution from the connecting cable with a temperature gradient. Additionally, the dependence of the cryo‐LNA's noise temperature on physical temperature and radiation hardness are verified to assess suitability for space applications.
Comparative study of the oral hygiene status of users of mefakia (traditional tooth cleaning method) and modern toothbrushes among patients at the Holy Bethel Dental Clinic in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Abebe Check , Abaynew Yeshewas 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Mefakia is a well-known traditional chewing wood used in Ethiopia to cleanse the mouth. Although mefakia is used in parallel with modern toothbrushes to improve oral hygiene, there is a gap in the literature regarding its comparative performance in removing plaque and maintaining good oral hygiene.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate and compare the oral hygiene status of patients using mefakia and modern toothbrushes at the Holy Bethel Dental Clinic in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods
This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at the Holy Bethel Dental Clinic in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 246 patients (123 mefakia and 123 modern toothbrush users) were included in this study. Participants were selected using a systematic random sampling method. Data on demographic characteristics, oral hygiene practices, and clinical oral health parameters, such as the calculus index, were collected through interviews and clinical examinations. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23 to compare the oral hygiene status between the two groups. The results are presented in tables, diagrams, and text.

Results
Most respondents were aged 20–39; 66.7% and 73.2% used mefakia and toothbrushes, respectively. Sixty-seven percent of the toothbrush users had good oral hygiene, whereas 65% of the mefakia users had good oral hygiene.

Conclusions
This finding suggests that mefakia and modern toothbrushes are comparable in their effectiveness in maintaining oral hygiene. Dental education should emphasize using available and affordable oral hygiene tools such as mechanical toothbrushes and fluoridated toothpaste to improve overall oral hygiene.
Influence of supporting teeth quantity of surgical guide on the accuracy of the immediate implant in the maxillary central incisor: an in vitro study
Authors: Nguyen Meo , Nguyen Huynh Kim Khanh , Nguyen Thien Nga , Huynh Nam Cong-Nhat 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Guided surgery for immediate anterior implants aims to reduce the time required for aesthetic and functional immediate loading. However, the limited surface area of anterior teeth for guide stabilization may affect the accuracy of implant positioning. This in vitro study evaluated the effect of the number of supporting teeth on the accuracy of immediate implants in the maxillary central incisor region.

Methods
28 replica implants were inserted into 28 upper jaw models, simulating immediate post-extraction sockets of tooth 11. Based on the number of supporting teeth, the implants were categorized into G1 (four adjacent teeth) and G2 (six adjacent teeth). The planned and actual implant positions were compared using the evaluation module of the implant planning software. Angular and 3D deviations were measured as the primary outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using the two-sample t-test, with p-values less than 0.05 defined as statistically significant.

Results
Between group G1 and G2, angular deviation was measured at 4.63 ± 0.71° and 3.59 ± 0.97°, respectively, while the implant apex 3D deviation was 2.08 ± 0.21 mm for G1 and 1.40 ± 0.27 mm for G2. These differences were statistically significant (p = 0.003 and p < 0.001, respectively). Other discrepancy variables in G2 demonstrated lower values but were not statistically significant compared to G1.

Conclusion
The number of supporting teeth for the surgical guide can influence the accuracy of immediate implant surgery. While both four-teeth and six-teeth supports demonstrated acceptable clinical implant accuracy, a surgical guide supported by six teeth can enhance implant precision.
Unveiling insights from the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) portal
Authors: Ocagli Honoria , Lanera Corrado , Franzoi Marco , Monachesi Chiara , Zgheib Rebecca , Belluco Simone , Dacasto Mauro , Gregori Dario , Baldi Ileana 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study presents a method for automating the retrieval of key identifies and links to toxicological data from the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) database using web scraping techniques. Although the method primarily serves as an automated indexing tool, facilitating organization and access to relevant reports, monographs, and specifications, it significantly enhances the efficiency of navigating the extensive JECFA database. Researchers can then perform more targeted and efficient searches, although additional manual steps are required to extract and structure the detailed toxicological data. We developed R programming scripts to extract key information, such as chemical names, identifiers, and evaluation reports, from JECFA web pages. The resulting data set comprises 6552 records as of May 2024. We validated the dataset through a systematic comparison with manually collected data, ensuring its reliability. Instructions and code for accessing and processing the dataset, facilitating its reuse in research are provided. The code and dataset are openly available, enabling researchers to efficiently access and analyze toxicological data from the JECFA database.