bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A qualitative comparison of parent and childcare provider perceptions of communication and family engagement in children's healthy eating and physical activity
Authors: Dinkel Danae , Rasmussen Maggie , Rech John P. , Snyder Kailey , Dev Dipti A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundParents and childcare providers play a substantial role in the development of health behaviours among the children they care for. In order to ensure the optimal growth and development of children, communication and family engagement in childcare is critical. Previous studies examining parent or provider perceptions about healthy eating or physical activity have explored these concepts individually and/or have only included only parents or providers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare childcare provider and parent perceptions of communication regarding healthy eating and physical activity as well as use of best practice strategies on family engagement for these topics.MethodsChildcare providers (n = 12) in childcare centres or a family childcare home and a parent (n = 12) of a child they provide care for participated in a semi‐structured interview guided by the Social Ecological Model. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and uploaded to NVivo for data analysis. Data were analysed using a directed content analysis. Three trained qualitative researchers developed a codebook and then compared responses between parents and providers.ResultsSimilarities in provider and parent responses included agreement on healthy eating; influences on child development; parents being the most influential on children's healthy eating; how they identified physical activity opportunities; and the use of family engagement principles. Differences that arose included parents' roles in promoting children's physical activity; challenges for parents in promoting healthy eating and physical activity; and providers' encouragement of physical activity. Importantly, few parents mentioned providers were top influences on their child's healthy eating or physical activity. Providers also mentioned having difficult conversations with parents was challenging.ConclusionsFuture efforts are needed to (1) help parents understand the providers' role in the development of their child's health behaviours and (2) strengthen efforts to engage families in healthy behaviours outside of childcare facilities.
Visual Analytics of Text Conversation Sentiment and Semantics
Authors: Healey Christopher G. , Dinakaran Gowtham , Padia Kalpesh , Nie Shaoliang , Benson J. Riley , Caira Dave , Shaw Dean , Catalfu Gary , Devarajan Ravi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper describes the design and implementation of a web‐based system to visualize large collections of text conversations integrated into a hierarchical four‐level‐of‐detail design. Viewers can visualize conversations: (1) in a streamgraph topic overview for a user‐specified time period; (2) as emotion patterns for a topic chosen from the streamgraph; (3) as semantic sequences for a user‐selected emotion pattern, and (4) as an emotion‐driven conversation graph for a single conversation. We collaborated with the Live Chatcustomer service group at SAS Institute to design and evaluate our system's strengths and limitations.
The combination of dextran sulphate and polyvinyl alcohol prevents excess aggregation and promotes proliferation of pluripotent stem cells in suspension culture
Authors: Tang Xianglian , Wu Haibin , Xie Jinghe , Wang Ning , Chen Qicong , Zhong Zhiyong , Qiu Yaqi , Wang Jue , Li Xiajing , Situ Ping , Lai Liangxue , Zern Mark A , Chen Honglin , Duan Yuyou 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesFor clinical applications of cell‐based therapies, a large quantity of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) produced in standardized and scalable culture processes is required. Currently, microcarrier‐free suspension culture shows potential for large‐scale expansion of hPSCs; however, hPSCs tend to aggregate during culturing leading to a negative effect on cell yield. To overcome this problem, we developed a novel protocol to effectively control the sizes of cell aggregates and enhance the cell proliferation during the expansion of hPSCs in suspension.Materials and MethodshPSCs were expanded in suspension culture supplemented with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and dextran sulphate (DS), and 3D suspension culture of hPSCs formed cell aggregates under static or dynamic conditions. The sizes of cell aggregates and the cell proliferation as well as the pluripotency of hPSCs after expansion were assessed using cell counting, size analysis, real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry analysis, immunofluorescence staining, embryoid body formation, teratoma formation and transcriptome sequencing.ResultsOur results demonstrated that the addition of DS alone effectively prevented hPSC aggregation, while the addition of PVA significantly enhanced hPSC proliferation. The combination of PVA and DS not only promoted cell proliferation of hPSCs but also produced uniform and size‐controlled cell aggregates. Moreover, hPSCs treated with PVA, or DS or a combination, maintained the pluripotency and were capable of differentiating into all three germ layers. mRNA‐seq analysis demonstrated that the combination of PVA and DS significantly promoted hPSC proliferation and prevented cell aggregation through improving energy metabolism‐related processes, regulating cell growth, cell proliferation and cell division, as well as reducing the adhesion among hPSC aggregates by affecting expression of genes related to cell adhesion.ConclusionsOur results represent a significant step towards developing a simple and robust approach for the expansion of hPSCs in large scale.
Comparing hospital admissions, comorbidities, and biomarkers between severe asthma and Gold III–IV chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Ponte Eduardo V. , Mingotti Cintia B. , Souza‐Machado Carolina , Silva Juçara N. , Chequi Lucas , Arbex Flávio F. , Rocha Alcides , Cruz Alvaro A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionIn spite of difficulties in differentiating asthma from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), physicians should strive for accurate diagnosis because outcomes may be different.ObjectivesOur aims were to compare the frequency of hospital admissions (HA) between severe asthmatic (SA) and Gold III–IV COPD subjects receiving disease‐specific guideline recommended therapy and to depict the frequency of prevalent chronic disorders and the laboratorial profile suggesting allergic and eosinophilic phenotypes.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study comprises one group of SA subjects and another group of Gold III–IV COPD subjects. Subjects answered standard questionnaires, underwent spirometry, and provided a peripheral blood sample. We validated the HA that have occurred during the preceding year by review of the report emitted by the hospital. We detected comorbidities by review of current pharmacological therapies.ResultsWe enrolled 160 SA and 41 Gold III–IV COPD subjects. As compared with Gold III–IV COPD subjects, SA subjects had lower odds of HA (odds ratio [OR] 0.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.05–0.74) and higher odds of obesity (OR 9.17, 95%CI 2.68–31.37), hypertension (OR 2.54, 95%CI 1.16–5.57), and diabetes mellitus (OR 5.71, 95%CI 1.56–20.85). The frequency of atopic and eosinophilic phenotypes was similar between study groups.ConclusionsOur results demonstrated that Gold III–IV COPD subjects had worse outcomes as compared with SA subjects. We also observed that the frequency of atopy and high peripheral blood eosinophil count were similar between study groups. Finally, we exposed aspects of comorbidities related to asthma and COPD that indicate the need of close monitoring the cardiovascular risk in SA subjects above 40 years of age.
Impact of diabetes mellitus on clinical outcomes after heart transplantation
Authors: Feng Kent Y. , Henricksen Erik J. , Wayda Brian , Moayedi Yasbanoo , Lee Roy , Han Jiho , Multani Ashrit , Yang Wenjia , Purewal Saira , Puing Alfredo G. , Basina Marina , Teuteberg Jeffrey J. , Khush Kiran K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeDiabetes mellitus (DM) is common among recipients of heart transplantation (HTx) but its impact on clinical outcomes is unclear. We evaluated the associations between pretransplant DM and posttransplant DM (PTDM) and outcomes among adults receiving HTx at a single center.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study (range 01/2008 – 07/2018), n = 244. The primary outcome was survival; secondary outcomes included acute rejection, cardiac allograft vasculopathy, infection requiring hospitalization, macrovascular events, and dialysis initiation post‐transplant. Comparisons were performed using Kaplan‐Meier and multivariable Cox regression analyses.ResultsPretransplant DM was present in 75 (30.7%) patients and was associated with a higher risk for infection requiring hospitalization (p < 0.05), but not with survival or other outcomes. Among the 144 patients without pretransplant DM surviving to 1 year, 29 (20.1%) were diagnosed with PTDM at the 1‐year follow‐up. After multivariable adjustment, PTDM diagnosis at 1‐year remained associated with worse subsequent survival (hazard ratio 2.72, 95% confidence interval 1.03‐7.16). Predictors of PTDM at 1‐year included cytomegalovirus seropositivity and higher prednisone dose (> 5 mg/day) at 1‐year follow‐up.ConclusionsCompared to HTx recipients without baseline DM, those with baseline DM have a higher risk for infections requiring hospitalization, and those who develop DM after HTx have worse survival.
Comparative evaluation of squash smear and frozen section in the intraoperative diagnosis of central nervous system tumours
Authors: Jain Swasti , Kaushal Manju , Choudhary Ajay , Bhardwaj Minakshi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe squash smear technique was introduced into intra‐operative neurosurgical diagnosis as early as 1930. It is becoming increasingly popular in the diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) lesions, and is fairly accurate even with a small sample. The current study assesses the accuracy and utility of the squash smear and frozen section (FS) techniques in intraoperative consultations. Correlations with histopathological diagnoses are presented.AimsTo compare two intra‐operative diagnostic techniques—squash smear cytology and FS examination—in the context of central nervous system tumours.Materials and methodsA total of 53 cases of CNS tumours were included in the study, and all were subjected to squash smear examination. FS examinations were conducted for 39 of these samples. The results of the two techniques were compared and correlated with histopathological diagnoses. The observed results were then analysed using SPSS software.ResultsThe most common primary CNS tumours were gliomas and meningiomas (28.3% each). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for squash cytology were 86.67%, 87.5%, 81.25% and 91.3%, and for FS were 91.67%, 93.10%, 91.67%, 93.10%, respectively, with a corresponding comparative P‐value of 0.56 (insignificant). Cytological diagnosis showed complete correlation with histopathological diagnosis in 39 cases (73.58%), partial correlation in eight cases (15.1%) and no correlation in six cases (11.32%). FS diagnosis showed complete correlation in 29 cases (74.35%), partial correlation in eight cases (20.5%) and no correlation in two cases (5.1%).ConclusionSquash smear is a rapid, self‐sufficient and cost‐effective method for the intraoperative diagnosis of CNS tumours. The squash smear and FS techniques are complementary procedures that assist the pathologist in reaching a diagnosis.
Mitotic count of fine needle aspiration material of gastrointestinal stromal tumours of the stomach underestimates actual mitotic count
Authors: Christensen Aaron W. , Goldberg Allison F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionA mitotic count is required for histological grading in resections of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs). However, no consensus on the utility of mitotic count in fine needle aspiration (FNA) GIST material currently exists. This study examines the relationship between mitotic counts of FNAs and subsequent resections of GISTs of the stomach.Materials and methodsWe identified 39 cases of GISTs of the stomach diagnosed via FNA at our institution between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2019, with subsequent resection. We noted if rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) was performed. Cell block (CB) material from FNAs was analysed for total area, percentage containing neoplastic cells, and number of mitoses. We compared the mitotic counts in CBs and subsequent resections with t tests.ResultsROSE was performed in 82% of cases and called adequate every time. Mean values for total CB area, neoplastic material percentage, and area of neoplastic cells were 54.7 mm2 (range 1‐986), 45% (range 10%‐90%), and 19.2 mm2, respectively; 27 cases (69%) had greater than 50 high powered fields of GIST material in the CB. Mean numbers of mitoses per 5 mm2 were 0.38 (range 0‐11) for CBs versus 5.92 (range 0‐70) for resections (P < 0.05).ConclusionAt our institution, ROSE adequacy of spindle cell lesions focuses on diagnosing GIST rather than obtaining adequate material for histological grading. Mitotic figures were statistically lower in FNA CB material than subsequent resections, and using mitotic counts from CB material may underestimate the histological grade of GISTs of the stomach.
Topical calcineurin inhibitors and risk of lymphoma: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Po‐Chien , Huang I‐Hsin , Liu Che‐Wei , Huang Yu‐Chen 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThe topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs) tacrolimus and pimecrolimus have been used widely as corticosteroid‐sparing agents in treating various cutaneous diseases. However, the association between TCIs and risk of malignancy remains controversial. By systematic review and meta‐analysis, we aimed to investigate the association between TCIs and lymphoma. Eligible studies in online databases were identified from the date of inception to August 30, 2020. To assess the outcome of TCI‐related risk of lymphoma, analysis of cohort studies comparing the incidence of lymphoma with and without treatment with TCIs was performed. Furthermore, the subgroup analyses of Hodgkin lymphoma and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma were also conducted. The pooled results revealed that using topical tacrolimus (RR 1.68, 95 % CI 1.39–2.04) or pimecrolimus (RR 1.40, 95 % CI 1.13–1.74) significantly increased the risk of lymphoma. TCI users also showed higher incidence of lymphoma in the range of 0.02–0.09 %, compared to that of 0.02–0.06 % in the control group. Additionally, subgroup analyses showed both tacrolimus (RR 1.89; 95 % CI 1.53–2.32) and pimecrolimus (RR 1.38; 95 % CI 1.09–1.74) had significantly higher risk of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, but no increased risk of Hodgkin lymphoma. In conclusion, TCI‐exposed patients have a significantly increased risk of lymphoma, especially non‐Hodgkin lymphoma.
Tralokinumab in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Wollenberg Andreas , Weidinger Stephan , Worm Margitta , Bieber Thomas 
Published: August 2021

SummaryAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory disease characterized by recurrent eczematous lesions and intense pruritus, and it can have marked negative impact on those affected. Pathophysiologically, AD is complex with genetic predisposition and environmental provocation being important contributors. Mechanistically these can promote epidermal barrier dysfunction, skin microbiome abnormalities and a skewed immune response which is predominantly type‐2 immunity‐based. Our increased understanding of the immunological processes involved highlight a key role for interleukin‐13 (IL‐13). This mini‐review evaluates tralokinumab, a high‐affinity monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to and inhibits IL‐13.Based on dose‐finding study results, tralokinumab 300 mg every two weeks (Q2W) subcutaneously (SC) was investigated in three pivotal phase III clinical trials in adults with moderate‐to‐severe AD not adequately controlled on topical corticosteroids alone. Tralokinumab was significantly superior to placebo regarding the proportion of patients achieving IGA 0/1 and EASI‐75 at week 16 (primary endpoints), as well as improving scores for worst daily pruritus, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), and Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) (secondary endpoints). The week 16 response was sustained during follow‐up, and treatment with tralokinumab was found to be well‐tolerated with an overall frequency and severity of adverse events comparable to placebo.
Altered cardiac reserve is a determinant of exercise intolerance in sickle cell anaemia patients
Authors: Hammoudi Nadjib , Ceccaldi Alexandre , Haymann Jean‐Philippe , Guedeney Paul , Nicolas‐Jilwan Fadila , Zeitouni Michel , Montalescot Gilles , Lionnet François , Isnard Richard , Hatem Stéphane N. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe underlying mechanisms of exercise intolerance in sickle cell anaemia (SCA) patients are complex and not yet completely understood. While latent heart failure at rest could be unmasked upon exercise, most previous studies assessed cardiac function at rest. We aimed to investigate exercise cardiovascular reserve as a potential contributor to exercise intolerance in adult SCA patients.MethodsIn this observational prospective study, we compared prospectively 60 SCA patients (median age 31 years, 60% women) to 20 matched controls. All subjects underwent symptom‐limited combined exercise echocardiography and oxygen uptake (VO2) measurements. Differences between arterial and venous oxygen content (C(a‐v)O2) were calculated. Cardiac reserve was defined as the absolute change in cardiac index (Ci) from baseline to peak exercise.ResultsCompared to controls, SCA patients demonstrated severe exercise intolerance (median peakVO2, 34.3 vs. 19.7 ml/min/kg, respectively, p < .0001). SCA patients displayed heterogeneously increased Ci from rest to peak exercise (median +5.8, range 2.6 to 10.6 L/min/m²) which correlated with peakVO2 (r = 0.71, p < .0001). In contrast, the C(a‐v)O2 exercise reserve was homogenously reduced and did not correlate with peakVO2 (r = 0.18, p = .16). While haemoglobin level and C(a‐v)O2 were similar in SCA subgroups, SCA patients in the lower VO2 tertile had chronotropic incompetence and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (left atrial peak longitudinal strain was reduced, and both E/e’ ratio and left atrial volume index were increased) and were characterized by a reduced cardiac reserve, +5.0[4.2–5.5] compared to +6.7[5.5–7.8] L/min/m² for the rest of the patient cohort, p < .0001.ConclusionsAltered cardiac reserve due to chronotropic incompetence and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction seems to be an important determinant of exercise intolerance in adult SCA patients.
Yield of bone scintigraphy screening for transthyretin‐related cardiac amyloidosis in different conditions: Methodological issues and clinical implications
Authors: Tini Giacomo , Sessarego Eugenio , Benenati Stefano , Vianello Pier Filippo , Musumeci Beatrice , Autore Camillo , Canepa Marco 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundTransthyretin‐related cardiac amyloidosis (TTR‐CA) is thought to be particularly common in specific at‐risk conditions, including aortic stenosis (AS), heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and left ventricular hypertrophy or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (LVH/HCM).MethodsWe performed a systematic revision of the literature, including only prospective studies performing TTR‐CA screening with bone scintigraphy in the above‐mentioned conditions. Assessment of other forms of CA was also evaluated. For selected items, pooled estimates of proportions or means were obtained using a meta‐analytic approach.ResultsNine studies (3 AS, 2 HFpEF, 2 CTS and 2 LVH/HCM) accounting for 1375 screened patients were included. One hundred fifty‐six (11.3%) TTR‐CA patients were identified (11.4% in AS, 14.8% in HFpEF, 2.6% in CTS and 12.9% in LVH/HCM). Exclusion of other forms of CA and use of genetic testing was overall puzzled. Age at TTR‐CA recognition was significantly older than that of the overall screened population in AS (86 vs. 83 years, p = .04), LVH/HCM (75 vs. 63, p < .01) and CTS (82 vs. 71), but not in HFpEF (83 vs. 79, p = .35). In terms of comorbidities, hypertension, diabetes and atrial fibrillation were highly prevalent in TTR‐CA‐diagnosed patients, as well as in those with an implanted pacemaker.ConclusionsScreening with bone scintigraphy found an 11–15% TTR‐CA prevalence in patients with AS, HFpEF and LVH/HCM. AS and HFpEF patients were typically older than 80 years at TTR‐CA diagnosis and frequently accompanied by comorbidities. Several studies showed limitations in the application of recommended TTR‐CA diagnostic algorithm, which should be addressed in future prospective studies.
Gut microbiota profiles and the role of anti‐CdtB and anti‐vinculin antibodies in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID)
Authors: Vasapolli Riccardo , Schulz Christian , Schweden Melanie , Casèn Christina , Kirubakaran Graceline Tina , Kirste Katrine Hånes , Macke Lukas , Link Alexander , Schütte Kerstin , Malfertheiner Peter 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundDistinct faecal microbiota profiles are reported to be associated with various subtypes of IBS. Circulating antibodies to cytolethal distending toxin B (CdtB) and vinculin are proposed as biomarkers to identify post‐infectious IBS. The aim of our study was to analyse serum levels of anti‐CdtB and anti‐vinculin antibodies in patients with different functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) and their correlation with the composition of faecal microbiome.MethodsThe study cohort comprised 65 prospectively recruited individuals: 15 with diarrhoea‐type‐IBS (IBS‐D), 13 with constipation‐type‐IBS (IBS‐C), 15 with functional dyspepsia (FD) and 22 healthy controls. FGID subgroups were defined according to Rome III criteria. Serum levels of anti‐CdtB and anti‐vinculin antibodies were measured by ELISA. Faecal microbiome composition analysis and assessment of dysbiosis were performed by GA‐map® Dysbiosis Test.ResultsPositivity rate either for anti‐CdtB or anti‐vinculin antibodies was higher in the IBS‐C group (76.9%) compared to IBS‐D (40.0%), FD (60%) and healthy (63.6%) groups.Dysbiosis was more frequent in subjects positive for anti‐CdtB antibodies and in IBS‐C patients, who showed an increased amount of opportunistic/pro‐inflammatory bacteria and reduced gut protective bacteria. IBS‐C patients showed a high inter‐individual variation of bacterial communities compared to other FGID subgroups and healthy individuals, whereas microbial profiles of patients with IBS‐D and FD were overlapping with those of healthy controls. No bacteria markers showed significant differences between FGID subgroups and healthy controls.ConclusionNeither anti‐CdtB/anti‐vinculin antibodies nor faecal microbial profiles allowed to discriminate between specific FGID subgroups. Dysbiosis was more frequent in patients presenting with anti‐CdtB antibodies and in IBS‐C patients.