bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth and Enzyme Production of Proteolytic Bacteria from Mangrove Sediment
Authors: Nursyirwani N. , Samiaji J. , Tanjung A. , Effendi I. , Claudia K. M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Accumulation of organic component in mangrove ecosystem results in diversity of microorganisms producing extracellular enzymes. Two species of proteolytic bacteria had been isolated and identified from sediment of mangrove ecosystem in the Dumai Marine Station of Riau Province, Indonesia. This research aimed to assess the activity and enzyme production of the proteolytic bacteria, i.e. Bacillus manliponensis (isolate code P.Az6) and B. toyonensis (P.Az20). The growth of bacteria in tryptic soy broth (TSB + skimmed milk) was observed by using spectrophotometer at λ 610 nm and by analysis the total plate counts on Zobell Marine Agar at 0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours. Production of enzyme protease was measured from the absorbance values of bacterial supernatant, then were conversed to the protease concentration by using the Bovine serum Albumin Standard. The highest bacterial growth and optimal enzyme production was observed at 6 hours incubation, and period after that showed decrease in growth enzymatic activity. Bacillus toyonensis showed higher bacterial growth and enzyme production than B. manliponensis.
Characteristics of Oil Mixed Red Palm Oil with Catfish Oil (Pangasius hypothalmus)
Authors: Dewita  , Syahrul  , Irasari  , Sumarto  
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Riau Province is the region that has the largest plantation area in Indonesia with 2.4 million hectares of land in 2017 and production contributes 6 million tons per year and contributes 28.2 percent of Indonesia’s total CPO exports. On the other hand, the Kampar and Pelalawan districts are centers for the production of special freshwater fish for catfish (Pangasius hypoptalmus), where from year to year they have increased rapidly. This study aimed to charaterized oil mixed of red palm oil and catfish oil byproduct of catfish fillet. This research was conducted using a one-factor factorial experimental method, namely the difference in the ratio of the mixture between red palm oil and catfish oil. Red palm oil and catfish are stirred in a ratio of 70: 30 (B1), 60: 40 (B2), and 50:50 (B3). A serial of organoleptic and chemical test (saponification rate, iodine number, number acid, and fatty acid profile) were carried out. The results showed saponification rate was - 295.36, iodine concentration was 80.33 and acid number was 0.05. Furthermore, the fat content of each ratio B1 (14.28%, B2 (16.21% and B3 (17.11%), while the types of fatty acids obtained are saturated fatty acids (SAFA), unsaturated fatty acids single (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The quality of the mixture of red oil and catfish oil produced in this study meets the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) standards, in which the best one was B3 (50: 50). It can be interpreted that the mixture can be used as a source of fatty acids needed by the body which contains omega-9 fatty acids, omega-6 and omega-3.
Fortification of Rebon Shrimp Protein Hydrolysate (Acetes erythraeus) in Sago Flour as a Nutritious Food
Authors: Suparmi S. , Warningsih T. , Dahlia D. , Sidauruk S.W. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Rebon shrimp protein hydrolyzate as a non-conventional processed product has a high protein content which is the potential to be used to enrich the nutritional value of food ingredients such as sago flour. This study aims to determine the appropriate concentration of rebon shrimp protein hydrolyzate for enriching the nutritional value of sago flour. The addition of protein hydrolysate used 3 levels of concentration, those were 10% (F1), 15% (F2) and 20% (F3). The best treatment is F3. Fortification of rebon shrimp protein hydrolyzate in different amounts has an effect on the proximate value of sago flour, the best treatment is a concentration of 20%. with a water content of 10.49%, 4.85% ash, 24.56 protein and levels. fat 1.76%. Hedonic test indicated the taste value of 8.7, aroma 8.6, appearance value 8.7 and texture value 8.6. The content of amino acids is 17 types with 9 essential amino acid. The essential amino acids are histidine, arginine, threonine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine and lysine. The 8 types of non-essential amino acids are aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, glycine, alanine, proline, tyrosine and cysteine. The highest essential amino acid content was leucine at 2.75% and the highest non-essential amino acid content was glutamic acid at 4.52%. Based on the research results, it can be suggested for the enrichment of the nutritional value of sago flour to add 20% protein hydrolyzate of rebon shrimp and it can be used as a nutritious food.
Comparison of land cover classification in Pakpak Bharat Regency using Landsat 8 OLI and Sentinel 1A satellite imagery
Authors: Slamet B , Gaol M L L , Samsuri  , Rauf A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The increase in population impacts the need for land as a source of living that is increasing. The area of forest in Pakpak Bharat District decreased by 17.4% for the period 2011 to 2015. This study aims to identify land cover in Pakpak Bharat District by using Landsat 8 OLI Optical Imagery and Citra Radar Sentinel 1A. Sentinel SAR images 1A are converted first to be visually analyzed, and classification can be performed using the maximum likelihood method. The analysis carried out is a separability test, kappa accuracy test, and validation test. The calculation of kappa accuracy and validation shows that Landsat 8 OLI imagery has higher accuracy, which for Landsat 8 OLI and Citra Radar Sentinel 1A were 95.26% and 4.92%, respectively. Validation test results for Landsat 8 OLI and Citra Radar Sentinel 1A were 83.87% and 18.28%. The results indicate that the classification of land cover from Citra Sentinel 1A using the maximum likelihood supervised classification method does not provide satisfactory classification results. Although constrained by clouds, Landsat 8 OLI imagery for land cover classification using the maximum likelihood method is still better.
Effect of altered salinities on the growth and root performance in Ceriops tagal seedlings
Authors: Basyuni M , Lubis M U , Utomo B 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Mangrove forests degradation caused by anthropogenic activities leads to a decrease in the composition of mangrove forests. Mangrove forest rehabilitation activities, therefore, are needed to improve mangrove forest ecosystems. Research on the growth and development of true mangrove seedling roots of Ceriops tagal on various salinity was examined in a greenhouse, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatra Utara. This study used a non-factorial Complete Randomized Design with 5 treatments salinity (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3% concentrations) and repeated with ten replications. Results showed that 0.5% salinity concentration dominated the observed parameters, such as seedling growth height, seedling diameter, number of leaf count, leaf area, leaf thickness, root diameter, canopy water content 0.5%, and root and shoot ratio. By contrast, the highest shoot water content was at 0% salinity and root length at 2.0% salt concentration. This study indicated that the best growth of C. tagal seedlings was at 0.5% salinity concentration because more than 80% of parameter measurements were at 0.5% salinity concentration.
Molecular identification, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of isolated lactic acid bacteria from dali ni horbo
Authors: Siburian I R R , Lister I N E , Ginting C N , Fachrial E 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Various dairy products come from Indonesia and are fermented that leading to the growth of lactic acid bacteria. According to bataknese culture, water buffalo milk can be fermented to form Dali ni Horbo. This study was aimed to isolate, characterize, molecular identification, and evaluate the antimicrobial effect from the lactic acid bacteria in Dali ni horbo. Dali ni horbo as the sample was encoded D1, D2, and so on. The lactic acid bacteria were isolated from Dali ni Horbo by MRSA. Moreover, the colonies of bacteria were enriched into some isolates. After that, the isolates were characterized by gram staining, catalase, and type of fermentation. Meanwhile, to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, this study used the disc diffusion test against two different pathogens. At last, the selected isolate was molecularly identified from the 16S rRNA marker. Dali ni horbo contain 4.3 x 108 CFU/ml. of Lactobacillus fermentum strain A1753 The isolated bacteria were bacilli-shaped, positive gram, homofermentative, and heterofermentative bacteria without catalase activity. The isolated bacteria have potent antimicrobial activity against the negative pathogen (ranged from 9.8 mm – 12.15 mm) than positive gram pathogen (ranged from 7.15 mm – 11.05 mm). Hence, Dali ni horbo contain lactic acid bacteria that can be natural preservative and potential probiotic.
Application of pumping and rice planting patterns to improve the productivity of fresh water swampy rice fields in South Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Hasbi  , Tunggal T , Herlinda S , Irsan C , Huljanna R M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Productivity of the fresh water rice fields is currently relatively low due to various factors such as cropping patterns and water factors. This study aimed to compare four cropping patterns in cultivation of swampy fresh water rice. The four cropping patterns consisted of the cropping patterns of Farmer Entrepreneurs, Conventional Farmers, Fostered Farmers of Jajar Legowo Super, and Fostered Farmers of Tegel Diairi. The study used descriptive method by collecting primary data presented in tabular forms. The primary data were the plant height (cm), maximum number of tillers (stems/clumps), productive tillers (stems/clumps), panicle length (cm), number of grains/panicles, dry weight of biomass and grains of rice, weight of 1000 grains (g), and land productivity (tons/ha). The study was conducted in Pemulutan Subdistrict, Ogan Ilir District of South Sumatra. The cropping pattern of Fostered Farmers of Jajar Legowo Super with the pumping was the best treatment viewed from the agronomic performance, namely the highest number of grains per panicle of 115.72, the number of pithed grains per panicle of 110.53, weight of 1,000 grains (g) of 22.07 and grain productivity of dry harvest of 7.33 tons/ha. The treatment of conventional farmers’ cropping pattern was the lowest one in terms of the lowest number of grains per panicle which was 72.24, the number of pithed grains per panicle which was 67.43, the weight of 1,000 grains (g) which was 18.55, and the productivity of dry grains which was 1, 69 tons/ha.
Exploration of data on the formation of two mangrove seedling species to establish a growing stability point
Authors: Bimantara Y , Basyuni M , Selamet B 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Avicennia alba is one of the best mangrove colonies. A. alba seems to adapt well to grow stably on dynamic flat mud. A. alba species through their root growth, vare able to rely on sediments quickly, resist the hydrodynamic force of waves and tidal currents within a few days and then withstand the movement of sediments in the upper sedimentary layers. While from Ceriops tagal propagules and Rhizophora mucronata, after falling from the mother tree, certain dehydration levels stimulate the initiation of root formation as a sign to show dormancy propagules. As a result, root formation cis delayed when propagules float in the sea during dispersal. Meanwhile, the formation phase of mangrove propagules is faster in conditions of low salinity than in conditions of high salinity, and if during the rainy season, conditions for propagules’ information are better. However, these two species follow different strategies for the distribution and formation of mangrove zoning, and these findings contribute to the explanation of the distribution of different species.
Natural regeneration potential of red meranti (Shorea leprosula Miq.) in 20-years-old man-made hilly dipterocarp forest
Authors: Pamoengkas P , Rachmat H H , Nurkhaeni W , Susilowati A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Shorea leprosula Miq is one of major tropical timber within the dipterocarp family and known as red meranti in global trade. The species has been subjected to intensive timber extraction due to their high economic value and natural abundance in primary tropical forest. Timber supply of this species has been known to only from natural forests and none have been reported from commercial plantation. Thus, population decline, habitat contraction and local extinction become the major issues related to the species. This research was conducted to determine the natural regeneration potential of S. leprosula in 20-years-old man-made hilly dipterocarp forest. The research was located at Gunung Dahu Research Forest (GDRF), a 250 Ha-mixed dipterocarp forest established since 1997 in Bogor-West Java as landscape restoration together with native biodiversity conservation program. Five S. leprosula plots were chosen consisting from different spacing distance of 2 m x 2 m, 3 m x 3 m, and 4 m x 4 m. Result showed that each plot has been experiencing different total number of fruiting times, ranging from 1-3 times, with total numbers of natural juvenile reached 652 stocks. Among them, seedling were the most stocks available at GDRF, with the most dominant occupied at height class of 11 cm – 33 cm and 34 cm – 55 cm. Natural stocks were absent from 2 observed plots due to high human alteration at those area. Canopy openness, altitude and human intervention/disturbance are among the factors that affecting the regeneration potential at GDRF.
The properties of particleboards made from corn stalks and bagasse at various compositions
Authors: Iswanto A H , Tarigan I G , Nuryawan A , Oktaviani F 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Corn stalks and bagasse are materials that contain lignocellulose and have the opportunity to be used as raw material for particleboard manufacturing. This study aims to analyze the effect of the composition of corn stems and bagasse on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboards. The composition of corn stalk and bagasse as raw material for making particleboard in this study consists of several ratios, namely 100/0, 80/20, 60/40, 40/60, 20/80, and 0/100. The adhesive used in this research was isocyanate. The thickness and target densities were 1 cm and 0.70 g/cm3, respectively. The results showed that the board density value did not reach the target, and the thickness swelling of the board was still quite high. Board with a composition of a mixture of corn stems and bagasse at an 80/20 ratio is a board that has better properties compared to other ratios.
Effect of Water Film Thickness (WFT) on the Fluidity, Rheology, Cohesiveness and Segregation Resistance of Multi-Mineral Cement Paste
Authors: Tian Zhenghong , Liu Hengrui , Sun Xiao , Ma Yuanshan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of water film thickness (WFT) on grouting performance. To this end, the relationship between WFT and rheological parameters, flow parameters, segregation resistance and cohesiveness was established by mathematical statistical methods and regression analysis. The results show that the WFT is the most significant factor in determining the fluidity and rheology of the cement paste. In engineering, WFT can be used to characterize the fluidity and rheology of the grout. WFT is not the only factor that determines the cohesiveness of cement paste, but there is a good dynamic correlation between WFT and cohesiveness. The correlation between WFT and bleeding rate increases with time, which is caused by the physical sedimentation process of the particles.
Application of Secant Piles for Excavation Pit in Complicated Environment
Authors: Cui Meng , Fu Xiao , Hu Linna , Liu Hailin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In order to study the application of secant pile in deep foundation pits in complex environments, this paper takes an actual foundation pit project as the research background, and combines the characteristics of the deep excavation of the foundation pit and the large influence of the groundwater level. Propose the design scheme of partition and segment and use finite element analysis method for numerical calculation. By calculation it is known that the overall displacement of the foundation pit support system is 13.11 mm, the maximum horizontal displacement is 11.8 mm, and the ground settlement is 5.7 mm. All indexes meet the requirements of foundation pit specifications. The research results show that the secant pile has its unique advantages and applicability, which can effectively stabilize the overall performance of the foundation pit and the surrounding environment. The design philosophy in this article can provide references for similar foundation pit projects.
Analysis of Obstacle in Promotion of Smart Construction Site Based on ISM- MICMAC Model
Authors: Lin Peng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
As the “last kilometer” of building information management, Smart Construction Site has not landed successfully. It is significance to accurately identify and analyze the obstacles in popularization. Based on the eight obstacle factor indicators defined by factor analysis, we set up an interpretation structure model (ISM) for the promotion of barriers in smart construction sites, and obtain the three-level hierarchical relationships among various factors. Then, MICMAC analysis method was used to calculate the dependency and driving force of each factor, and the interaction between each factor is obtained. Combining ISM and MICMAC analysis results, the obstacles to implementation are the deep-rooted obstacles in the promotion of smart construction sites, while it is linked with economic and target barriers, and has strong relevance. Therefore, three obstacles should be considered as a whole for comprehensive and effective monitoring to ensure the stability of smart construction sites used by construction enterprises.
Dynamic Performance of High Liquid Limit Clay under Vehicle Load
Authors: Miao Lei , Wu Wenjuan , Hu Peiqing , Zhang Xiaomeng , Yang Yongfu , Chen Tingting 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
High liquid limit clay is widely distributed in China with its special properties. GDS dynamic triaxial test was carried out to investigate its dynamic response under vehicle load in the article. The response law of the accumulative strain and plastic modulus of the high liquid limit clay under different dynamic stress amplitude, cycle times, compaction, water content and confining pressure was attained. The research results have important reference value for the design of high liquid limit clay subgrade.
Experimental Study on Physical Properties of Octadecylamine Modified Expansive Soil
Authors: Wang Maosheng , Liu Jiaming , Ao Weichao , Qi Shoudong , Wu Junhua 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Taking weak expansive soil as the research object, octadecyl primary amine (octadecylamine) was mixed into remolded expansive soil as a water repellent, and modified samples with different octadecylamine content were configured. The water-repellent grade of the modified expansive soil was measured by the dripping water penetration time method, the boundary moisture content test of the modified expansive soil was carried out, and the change law of the liquid plastic limit of the modified expansive soil with different octadecylamine content was analyzed. The results show that with the increase of the octadecylamine content, the liquid limit of the expansive soil gradually decreases, the plastic limit gradually increases, and the plasticity index gradually decreases. The above research results can provide a test basis for the engineering application of modified expansive soils.
Analysis of Fractal Features of Blasting Vibration Signal Based on EEMD Decomposition
Authors: Song Xiaolong , Gao Wenxue , Li Jingyan , Wang Lintai , Cao Xiaoli 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In order to study the propagation characteristics of blasting seismic waves by using the analysis and research of blasting vibration monitoring data of Urumqi subway tunnel excavation, the blasting vibration signal has been decomposed into several IMF components by EEMD decomposition and fractal theory has been used to calculate the correlation dimension in this paper. The results show that the IMF component can reveal the frequency characteristics in the blasting vibration signal clearly. As the measuring point is far away from the explosion source, the complexity of the frequency component of the vibration signal gradually decreases. The seismic wave interacts with the rock and soil medium in the propagation process, make it shown non-linear characteristics, which are not easily to be observed by conventional measure methods. This paper introduces fractal dimension to study the nonlinear characteristics of blasting vibration signals and achieves the purpose of analysing the law of blasting seismic wave propagation. This study achieves a quantitative description of the effects of site media on seismic waves, and at the same time, it lays a theoretical foundation for predicting the vibration effect analysis of seismic waves reaching the target position.
Strength Characteristics of Reinforced Granular Soils in Three-Dimensional Space
Authors: Dong Qi , He Yuqi , Liao Hongjian , Niu Bo , Zhang Liang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A series of true triaxial numerical tests were carried out on reinforced granular soils based on DEM method, effects of reinforcement layers and intermediate principal stress ratio on the strength characteristic of granular soils were conducted. The simulation results show that the shear strength of reinforced soils can be improved with the increase of reinforcement layers. However, the improvement effect becomes weak with increase of the intermediate principal stress ratio. Furthermore, the shear strength of granular soils will decrease with the increase of intermediate principal stress ratio b under constant P stress path, the maximum shear strength can be obtained in case of b=0 test, while the minimum shear strength appears under b=1.0 condition.
Numerical Analyses on Geogrid-Reinforced Cushion in Pile-Supported Composite Foundation
Authors: Zhang Wen-bing , Shu Wei-peng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A numerical analysis is conducted on the performance of geogrid-reinforced cushion in PCC pile-supported composite foundation for highway embankment applications. The finite element method is employed to simulate the behavior of cushion under loads. Soil arching effect and tensile membrane effect are two factors affecting cushion behavior. Two parameters, i.e. geogrid tensile strength and laying arrangement, are found effective in measuring soil arching and tensile membrane effects. Numerical analyses indicate that an increased geogrid tensile strength contributes to a reduced embankment settlement. The effect of geogrid laying arrangement on settlement is relatively small.
Measured Deformation of Pipe-Roof during Box Culvert Jacking in Soft Ground
Authors: Cheng Chihao , Liu Mengbo , Liao Shaoming 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
RBJ method is suitable for shallow covering and micro-disturbed underpassing project. In this paper, the pipe deformation induced by box culvert jacking is analyzed. The research shows that: (1) The closed pipe-roof frame presented a phenomenon of expanding outward, namely the uplift of top pipe and the settlement of bottom pipe. (2) Along the jacking direction, the deformation of pipes was positioned over the box culvert structure and about 10m in front of the excavation face. (3) Due to the bounded constraint of diagram wall, it’s prone to be a reverse deformation at joint between pipe and diagram wall, and resulting in a wave-type deformation pattern.