bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recovery efficiency of two glove-sampling methods
Authors: Lyons Amanda K. , Rose Laura J. , Noble-Wang Judith 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTwo methods to sample pathogens from gloved hands were compared: direct imprint onto agar and a sponge-wipe method. The sponge method was significantly better at recovering Clostridiodes difficile spores, and no difference was observed between the methods at 101 inoculum for carbapenemase-producing KPC+ Klebsiella pneumoniae, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter baumannii.
New monitoring confirms regular breeding of the Mediterranean monk seal in Northern Cyprus
Authors: Beton Damla , Broderick Annette C. , Godley Brendan J. , Kolaç Emre , Ok Meltem , Snape Robin T. E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Endangered Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachus is one of the most threatened marine mammals. Across Cyprus, suitable habitat and presence of monk seals is well documented and, recently, camera-trap surveys in Southern Cyprus found there to be pupping. We present results of the first camera-trap surveys in Northern Cyprus spanning the pupping period. Four adult/subadults and three pups were identified in three of eight caves monitored with camera traps. One site on the north-west of the island supported at least three adult/subadult seals and pupping occurred there in 3 consecutive years. The breeding and resting sites identified require urgent conservation to manage threats of disturbance, coastal development and fisheries bycatch. To determine the size of this population, a long-term survey with greater and more continuous coverage is required.
Late effects of early weaning on food preference and the dopaminergic and endocannabinoid systems in male and female rats
Authors: Soares Patricia Novaes , Miranda Rosiane Aparecida , Bertasso Iala Milene , Pietrobon Carla Bruna , Rodrigues Vanessa Silva Tavares , de Oliveira Elaine , Manhães Alex Christian , de Moura Egberto Gaspar , Lisboa Patricia Cristina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEarly weaning (EW) is associated with obesity later in life. Here, using an EW model in rats, we investigated changes in feeding behavior and the dopaminergic and endocannabinoid systems (ECS) in the adult offspring. Lactating Wistar rats were divided into two groups: EW, dams were wrapped with a bandage to interrupt suckling during the last 3 days of breastfeeding; CONT; dams fed the pups throughout the period without hindrances. EW animals were compared with CONT animals of the same sex. At PN175, male and female offspring of both groups could freely self-select between high-fat and high-sugar diets (food challenge test). EW males preferred the high-fat diet at 30 min and more of the high-sugar diet after 12 h compared to CONT males. EW females did not show differences in their preference for the palatable diets compared to CONT females. Total intake of standard diet from PN30-PN180 was higher in both male and female EW animals, indicating hyperphagia. At PN180, EW males showed lower type 2 dopamine receptor (D2r) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and dorsal striatum, while EW females had lower tyrosine hydroxylase in the ventral tegmental area and NAc, D1r in the NAc, and D2r in the prefrontal cortex. In the lateral hypothalamus, EW males had lower fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase, whereas EW females showed lower N-arachidonoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase-D and increased FAAH. Early weaning altered both the dopaminergic and ECS parameters at adulthood, contributing to the eating behavior changes of the progeny in a sex-dependent manner.
GSK3B induces autophagy by phosphorylating ULK1
Authors: Ryu Hye Young , Kim Leah Eunjung , Jeong Hyeonjeong , Yeo Bo Kyoung , Lee Ji-Won , Nam Hyeri , Ha Shinwon , An Hyun-Kyu , Park Hyunhee , Jung Seonghee , Chung Kyung Min , Kim Jiyea , Lee Byung-Hoon , Cheong Heesun , Kim Eun-Kyoung , Yu Seong-Woon 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUnc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1), a mammalian homolog of the yeast kinase Atg1, has an essential role in autophagy induction. In nutrient and growth factor signaling, ULK1 activity is regulated by various posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination. We previously identified glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3B) as an upstream regulator of insulin withdrawal-induced autophagy in adult hippocampal neural stem cells. Here, we report that following insulin withdrawal, GSK3B directly interacted with and activated ULK1 via phosphorylation of S405 and S415 within the GABARAP-interacting region. Phosphorylation of these residues facilitated the interaction of ULK1 with MAP1LC3B and GABARAPL1, while phosphorylation-defective mutants of ULK1 failed to do so and could not induce autophagy flux. Furthermore, high phosphorylation levels of ULK1 at S405 and S415 were observed in human pancreatic cancer cell lines, all of which are known to exhibit high levels of autophagy. Our results reveal the importance of GSK3B-mediated phosphorylation for ULK1 regulation and autophagy induction and potentially for tumorigenesis.
PPAR-gamma induced AKT3 expression increases levels of mitochondrial biogenesis driving prostate cancer
Authors: Galbraith Laura C. A. , Mui Ernest , Nixon Colin , Hedley Ann , Strachan David , MacKay Gillian , Sumpton David , Sansom Owen J. , Leung Hing Y. , Ahmad Imran 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPeroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARG) is one of the three members of the PPAR family of transcription factors. Besides its roles in adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism, we recently demonstrated an association between PPARG and metastasis in prostate cancer. In this study a functional effect of PPARG on AKT serine/threonine kinase 3 (AKT3), which ultimately results in a more aggressive disease phenotype was identified. AKT3 has previously been shown to regulate PPARG co-activator 1 alpha (PGC1α) localisation and function through its action on chromosome maintenance region 1 (CRM1). AKT3 promotes PGC1α localisation to the nucleus through its inhibitory effects on CRM1, a known nuclear export protein. Collectively our results demonstrate how PPARG over-expression drives an increase in AKT3 levels, which in turn has the downstream effect of increasing PGC1α localisation within the nucleus, driving mitochondrial biogenesis. Furthermore, this increase in mitochondrial mass provides higher energetic output in the form of elevated ATP levels which may fuel the progression of the tumour cell through epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and ultimately metastasis.
Transition of children with life-limiting conditions to adult care and healthcare use: a systematic review
Authors: Jarvis Stuart W. , Roberts Daniel , Flemming Kate , Richardson Gerry , Fraser Lorna K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Improved survival has led to increasing numbers of children with life-limiting conditions transitioning to adult healthcare services. There are concerns that transition may lead to a reduction in care quality and increases in emergency care. This review explores evidence for differences in health or social care use post- versus pre-transition to adult services.

Methods
MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychINFO and Social Science Citation Index were searched. Studies published in English since 1990 including individuals with any life-limiting condition post- and pre-transition and reporting a health or social care use outcome were included. Data were extracted and quality assessed by one reviewer with 30% checked by an independent reviewer.

Results
Nineteen papers (18 studies) met the inclusion criteria. There was evidence for both increases and decreases (post- versus pre-transition) in outpatient attendance, inpatient admissions, inpatient bed days and health service costs; for increases in Emergency Department visits and for decreases in individuals receiving physiotherapy.

Conclusions
Evidence for changes in healthcare use post- versus pre-transition is mixed and conflicting, although there is evidence for an increase in Emergency Department visits and a reduction in access to physiotherapy. More high-quality research is needed to better link changes in care to the transition.

Impact

Evidence for changes in healthcare use associated with transition to adult services is conflicting.

Emergency Department visits increase and access to physiotherapy decreases at transition.

There are marked differences between care patterns in the United States and Canada.
Low maternal vitamin A intake increases the incidence of teratogen induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia in mice
Authors: Rocke Ayanna W. , Clarke Tianna G. , Dalmer Timothy R. A. , McCluskey Sydney A. , Rivas Juan F. Garcia , Clugston Robin D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a severe birth defect associated with high perinatal mortality and long-term morbidity. The etiology of CDH is poorly understood although abnormal retinoid signaling has been proposed to contribute to abnormal diaphragm development. Existing epidemiological data suggest that inadequate dietary vitamin A intake is a risk factor for developing CDH.

Methods
Using a mouse model of teratogen-induced CDH, the objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that low maternal vitamin A intake contributes to abnormal diaphragm development. To test this hypothesis, we optimized a model of altered maternal dietary vitamin A intake and a teratogenic model of CDH in mice that recapitulates the hallmark features of posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia in humans.

Results
Our data uniquely show that low maternal dietary vitamin A intake and marginal vitamin A status increases the incidence of teratogen-induced CDH in mice.

Conclusion
Low dietary vitamin A intake and marginal vitamin A status lead to an increased incidence of teratogen-induced CDH in mice, highlighting the importance of adequate dietary vitamin A intake and CDH risk.

Impact

This study describes and validates a mouse model of altered maternal and fetal vitamin A status.

This study links existing epidemiological data with a mouse model of teratogen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia, highlighting the importance of low maternal vitamin A intake as a risk factor for the development of congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

This study supports the Retinoid Hypothesis, which posits that the etiology of congenital diaphragmatic hernia is linked to abnormal retinoid signaling in the developing diaphragm.
Experimental identification and in silico prediction of bacterivory in green algae
Authors: Bock Nicholas A , Charvet Sophie , Burns John , Gyaltshen Yangtsho , Rozenberg Andrey , Duhamel Solange , Kim Eunsoo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
While algal phago-mixotrophs play a major role in aquatic microbial food webs, their diversity remains poorly understood. Recent studies have indicated several species of prasinophytes, early diverging green algae, to be able to consume bacteria for nutrition. To further explore the occurrence of phago-mixotrophy in green algae, we conducted feeding experiments with live fluorescently labeled bacteria stained with CellTracker Green CMFDA, heat-killed bacteria stained with 5-(4,6-dichlorotriazin-2-yl) aminofluorescein (DTAF), and magnetic beads. Feeding was detected via microscopy and/or flow cytometry in five strains of prasinophytes when provided with live bacteria: Pterosperma cristatum NIES626, Pyramimonas parkeae CCMP726, Pyramimonas parkeae NIES254, Nephroselmis pyriformis RCC618, and Dolichomastix tenuilepis CCMP3274. No feeding was detected when heat-killed bacteria or magnetic beads were provided, suggesting a strong preference for live prey in the strains tested. In parallel to experimental assays, green algal bacterivory was investigated using a gene-based prediction model. The predictions agreed with the experimental results and suggested bacterivory potential in additional green algae. Our observations underline the likelihood of widespread occurrence of phago-mixotrophy among green algae, while additionally highlighting potential biases introduced when using prey proxy to evaluate bacterial ingestion by algal cells.
Risk of hematologic malignancies after breast ductal carcinoma in situ treatment with ionizing radiation
Authors: Wang Kang , Li Zhuyue , Chen Xingxing , Zhang Jianjun , Xiong Yongfu , Zhong Guochao , Shi Yang , Li Qing , Zhang Xiang , Li Hongyuan , Xiang Tingxiu , Foukakis Theodoros , Radivoyevitch Tomas , Ren Guosheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe increased incidence of secondary hematologic malignancies (SHM) is a well-known, potentially fatal, complication after cancer treatment. It is unknown if patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast treated with external beam radiotherapy (RT) and who survive long-term have increased risks of secondary hematologic malignancies (SHM), especially for low/intermediate-risk subsets with limited benefits from RT. DCIS patients in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries (1975–2016) were identified. Relative risks (RR), hazard ratio (HR), and standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were calculated to assess the SHM risk and subsequent survival times. SHM development, defined as a nonsynchronous SHM occurring ≥1 year after DCIS diagnosis, was our primary endpoint. Of 184,363 eligible patients with DCIS, 77,927 (42.3%) in the RT group, and 106,436 (57.7%) in the non-RT group, 1289 developed SHMs a median of 6.4 years (interquartile range, 3.5 to 10.3 years) after their DCIS diagnosis. Compared with DCIS patients in the non-RT group, RT was associated with increased early risk of developing acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL; hazard ratio, 3.15; 95% CI, 1.21 to 8.17;P = 0.02), and a delayed risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL; hazard ratio, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.62;P < 0.001). This increased risk of ALL and NHL after RT was also observed in subgroup analyses restricted to low/intermediate-risk DCIS. In summary, our data suggest that RT after breast conserving surgery for DCIS patients should be cautiously tailored, especially for low and intermediate-risk patients. Long-term SHM surveillance after DCIS diagnosis is warranted.
Levetiracetam treatment leads to functional recovery after thoracic or cervical injuries of the spinal cord
Authors: Lima Rui , Gomes Eduardo D. , Cibrão Jorge R. , Rocha Luís A. , Assunção-Silva Rita C. , Rodrigues Cláudia S. , Neves-Carvalho Andreia , Monteiro Susana , Salgado António J. , Silva Nuno A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) leads to dramatic impairments of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions of affected individuals. Following the primary injury, there is an increased release of glutamate that leads to excitotoxicity and further neuronal death. Therefore, modulating glutamate excitotoxicity seems to be a promising target to promote neuroprotection during the acute phase of the injury. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of a FDA approved antiepileptic drug (levetiracetam-LEV), known for binding to the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A in the brain and spinal cord. LEV therapy was tested in two models of SCI—one affecting the cervical and other the thoracic level of the spinal cord. The treatment was effective on both SCI models. Treated animals presented significant improvements on gross and fine motor functions. The histological assessment revealed a significant decrease of cavity size, as well as higher neuronal and oligodendrocyte survival on treated animals. Molecular analysis revealed that LEV acts by stabilizing the astrocytes allowing an effective uptake of the excess glutamate from the extracellular space. Overall, our results demonstrate that Levetiracetam may be a promising drug for acute management of SCI.
Anomalous structure transition in undercooled melt regulates polymorphic selection in barium titanate crystallization
Authors: Ge Xuan , Hu Qiaodan , Yang Fan , Xu Jun , Han Yanfeng , Lai Pingsheng , Qin Jingyu , Li Jianguo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe crystallization processes of titanates are central to the fabrication of optical and electrical crystals and glasses, but their rich polymorphism is not fully understood. Here, we show when and how polymorphic selection occurs during the crystallization of barium titanate (BaTiO3, BT) using in situ high energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction and ab initio molecular dynamic simulation. An anomalous structure transition is found in molten BT during cooling across the cubic-hexagonal transition temperature, which enables nucleation selection of BT by manipulating the undercooling: a cubic phase is preferred if nucleation is triggered at large undercooling, whereas a hexagonal phase is promoted at small undercooling. We further reveal that the nucleation selection between the cubic and the hexagonal phase is regulated by the intrinsic structure property of the melt, in particular, the degree of polymerization between Ti-O polyhedra. These findings provide an innovative perspective to link the polymorphic crystallization to the non-isomorphic structure transition of the melt beyond the conventional cognition of structural heredity.
Adaptation of pancreatic cancer cells to nutrient deprivation is reversible and requires glutamine synthetase stabilization by mTORC1
Authors: Tsai Pei-Yun , Lee Min-Sik , Jadhav Unmesh , Naqvi Insia , Madha Shariq , Adler Ashley , Mistry Meeta , Naumenko Sergey , Lewis Caroline A. , Hitchcock Daniel S. , Roberts Frederick R. , DelNero Peter , Hank Thomas , Honselmann Kim C. , Morales Oyarvide Vicente , Mino-Kenudson Mari , Clish Clary B. , Shivdasani Ramesh A. , Kalaany Nada Y. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a highly lethal malignancy with no effective therapies. PDA aggressiveness partly stems from its ability to grow within a uniquely dense stroma restricting nutrient access. This study demonstrates that PDA clones that survive chronic nutrient deprivation acquire reversible nongenetic adaptations allowing them to switch between metabolic states optimal for growth under nutrient-replete or nutrient-deprived conditions. One contributing factor to this adaptation is mTORC1 activation, which stabilizes glutamine synthetase (GS) necessary for glutamine generation in nutrient-deprived cancer cells. Our findings imply that although total GS levels may not be a prognostic marker for aggressive disease, GS inhibition is of high therapeutic value, as it targets specific cell clusters adapted to nutrient starvation, thus mitigating tumor growth.
Inhibition of neuroinflammatory nitric oxide signaling suppresses glycation and prevents neuronal dysfunction in mouse prion disease
Authors: Bourgognon Julie-Myrtille , Spiers Jereme G. , Robinson Sue W. , Scheiblich Hannah , Glynn Paul , Ortori Catharine , Bradley Sophie J. , Tobin Andrew B. , Steinert Joern R. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
We present evidence that alleviating nitrergic stress during early phases of neurodegeneration reduces neuroinflammatory posttranslational nitric oxide signaling and glycation-assisted dysfunction in the hippocampus of prion-diseased mice, a mechanism which might be applicable to other protein-misfolding neurodegenerative conditions. We confirmed that pharmacological suppression of nitrergic activity reduces the formation of advanced glycation end-products, diminishes prion protein misfolding, and averts neuronal dysfunction. This intervention could present an approach to diminish the detrimental neuroinflammatory effects seen in neurodegeneration and highlights nitrergic stress and glycation signaling as putative targets for disease-modifying treatments. The correlation between protein glycation and prion misfolding—as reported for several other misfolding proteins—links NO signaling to the neuroprotective effects seen following NOS inhibition.
Raf promotes dimerization of the Ras G-domain with increased allosteric connections
Authors: Packer Morgan R. , Parker Jillian A. , Chung Jean K. , Li Zhenlu , Lee Young Kwang , Cookis Trinity , Guterres Hugo , Alvarez Steven , Hossain Md Amin , Donnelly Daniel P. , Agar Jeffrey N. , Makowski Lee , Buck Matthias , Groves Jay T. , Mattos Carla 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Ras GTPases, KRas, HRas, and NRas control cell proliferation via the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway through a process in which Ras dimerization is required but not mechanistically understood. Here, we show that Raf-RBD promotes Ras dimerization resulting in strong allosteric linkages between Galectin-binding residues on Raf-RBD at the two extreme ends of the dimer. This suggests that the dimer of the Ras/Raf–RBD complex couples to Galectin dimers to form a multivalent signaling complex for synchronized activation of Raf kinase, providing a new framework to be tested in the mechanistic understanding of Ras/Raf signaling.
Pericytes regulate vascular immune homeostasis in the CNS
Authors: Török Orsolya , Schreiner Bettina , Schaffenrath Johanna , Tsai Hsing-Chuan , Maheshwari Upasana , Stifter Sebastian A. , Welsh Christina , Amorim Ana , Sridhar Sucheta , Utz Sebastian G. , Mildenberger Wiebke , Nassiri Sina , Delorenzi Mauro , Aguzzi Adriano , Han May H. , Greter Melanie , Becher Burkhard , Keller Annika 
Published: March 2021

Significance
The CNS vasculature tightly regulates the passage of circulating molecules and leukocytes into the CNS. In the neuroinflammatory disease multiple sclerosis (MS), these regulatory mechanisms fail, and autoreactive T cells invade the CNS via blood vessels, leading to neurological deficits depending on where the lesions are located. The region-specific mechanisms directing the development of such lesions are not well understood. In this study, we investigated whether pericytes regulate CNS endothelial cell permissiveness toward leukocyte trafficking into the brain parenchyma. By using a pericyte-deficient mouse model, we show that intrinsic changes in the brain vasculature due to absence of pericytes facilitate the neuroinflammatory cascade and can influence the localization of the neuroinflammatory lesions.
Role of grain alignment and oxide impurity in thermoelectric properties of textured n-type Bi–Te–Se alloy
Authors: Bose Rapaka S C , K M Dilip , Mele Paolo , Ramesh K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A nanostructured n-type Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 (BTS) alloy with a unique microstructure was prepared using a facile melting-rotation-quenching process followed by ball-milling and uniaxial hot-press sintering at 623 K. Anisotropy in the resulting microstructure showed anisotropic electrical and thermal transport properties in two directions normal to the pressing axis. The texture of the nanostructured BTS alloy was analyzed by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Based on the geometric phase analysis of a high resolution transmission electron microscopy images, abundant dislocations, high grain boundary density, and oxide impurity were identified, which act as phonon scattering centers. Higher anisotropy in thermal conductivity combined with oxide impurity resulted in an ultra-low phonon thermal conductivity of ∼0.305 W mK−1 at 423 K in the nanostructured n-type BTS in the direction parallel to the pressing axis. Laser power- and temperature-dependent Raman spectra analyses provided a deeper insight into the anisotropy in thermal transport properties. Optimum power factor and low thermal conductivity, due to the combination of grain alignment and oxide impurity, resulted in a dimensionless figure of merit (zT ) value of ∼0.75 at 423 K. In comparison, the high and opposite temperature dependences of electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity led to a better average zT value of ∼0.68 and a thermoelectric energy conversion efficiency percentage of ∼4.4% in the operating temperature range (300–423 K) in the direction parallel to the pressing axis.