bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of HIV-related knowledge on utilisation of voluntary HIV testing service among university students in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Diress Gedefaw , Addisu Amanuel , Endalifer Melese Linger 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionVoluntary HIV testing is a vital preventive measure to reduce HIV transmission. Existing evidence on the association between HIV-related knowledge and HIV testing service utilisation shows inconsistent findings. Therefore, the aim of this review is to assess whether knowledge of HIV is related to improvement in voluntary HIV testing service utilisation among university students in Sub-Saharan Africa.Methods and analysisA systematic review of studies on the association of HIV-related knowledge and voluntary HIV testing service utilisation among university students will be conducted. We will search several electronic databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, African Journals Online, Web of Science and Cochrane Library, for all study types looking at the association between HIV-related knowledge and voluntary HIV testing service utilisation. Two reviewers will independently screen all retrieved records and full-text articles and extract data. The Higgins I2test will be used to assess heterogeneity between studies. Random-effects meta-analysis will be conducted, if feasible and appropriate. Additional analyses will be performed to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. Stata statistical software (V.14) will be used to analyse the data.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethical approval is not required because the systematic review relies on primary studies. The results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication, conference presentation and the popular press.
Association of cigarette production and tobacco retailer density on secondhand smoke exposure in urban China
Authors: Hoe Connie , Cohen Joanna E , Yang Tingzhong , Peng Sihui , Zhang Weifang 
Published: July 2021

The primary aims of this study are to examine the associations between two key environmental factors—regional cigarette tobacco production and tobacco retail outlet density—and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in urban China and to explore the possible mechanisms that explain this association.MethodsA cross-sectional multistage sampling design was used to collect individual information in 21 cities in China. Environmental variables were retrieved from national databases. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the associations between regional cigarette tobacco production, tobacco retail outlet density and SHS exposure. Structural equation modelling was employed to determine possible mechanisms.ResultsSHS exposure prevalence defined as daily exposure to SHS for at least 15 min/day at the time of the survey was found to be 28.1% among non-smokers (95% CI 27.1 to 29.0) across the 21 cities. The multilevel logistic regressions showed that province-level per capital cigarette production (OR: 2.72 (95% CI 1.56 to 4.76)and per GDP cigarette production(OR:1.69(95% CI 1,42,2.01), and city-level tobacco retail outlet density (OR: 2.66 (95% CI 1.63 to 4.38)) were significantly associated with SHS exposure. Moreover, results showed that these associations may be explained by the level of tobacco advertisement, which influences social norms, including attitudes and behaviours toward SHS exposure.ConclusionsFindings shed light on the role of cigarette manufacturers and retailers in producing environmental SHS pollution. To address the health and economic burden associated with SHS in China, it will be critical for the Chinese government to enact tobacco control measures consistent with the Framework Convention for Tobacco Control. Efforts should also focus on restricting the permitted density of tobacco retail outlets, and tobacco production in China.
Fireball tomography from bottomonia elliptic flow in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Bhaduri Partha Pratim , Alqahtani Mubarak , Borghini Nicolas , Jaiswal Amaresh , Strickland Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe calculate the elliptic flow of bottomonia produced in Pb$$\,+\,$$

+

Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$$

s
NN

=
5.02

TeV. We consider temperature-dependent decay widths for the anisotropic escape of various bottomonium states and observe that the transverse momentum dependence of bottomonia elliptic flow provides a tomographic information about the QGP fireball at different stages of its evolution. For the space-time evolution of the fireball, we employ simulation results from the 3 + 1 D quasiparticle anisotropic hydrodynamic model. We find that our results for transverse momentum dependence of bottomonia elliptic flow are in reasonable agreement with experimental results from the ALICE and CMS collaborations.
Resistance to Durvalumab and Durvalumab plus Tremelimumab Is Associated with Functional STK11 Mutations in Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer and Is Reversed by STAT3 Knockdown
Authors: Pore Nabendu , Wu Song , Standifer Nathan , Jure-Kunkel Maria , de los Reyes Melissa , Shrestha Yashaswi , Halpin Rebecca , Rothstein Raymond , Mulgrew Kathy , Blackmore Stephen , Martin Philip , Meekin John , Griffin Matthew , Bisha Ina , Proia Theresa A. , Miragaia Ricardo J. , Herbst Ronald , Gupta Ashok , Abdullah Shaad E. , Raja Rajiv , Frigault Melanie M. , Barrett J. Carl , Dennis Phillip A. , Ascierto Maria Libera , Oberst Michael D. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Mutations in the STK11 (LKB1) gene regulate resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. This study evaluated this association in patients with nonsquamous non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) enrolled in three phase I/II trials. STK11 mutations were associated with resistance to the anti–PD-L1 antibody durvalumab (alone/with the anti-CTLA4 antibody tremelimumab) independently of KRAS mutational status, highlighting STK11 as a potential driver of resistance to checkpoint blockade. Retrospective assessments of tumor tissue, whole blood, and serum revealed a unique immune phenotype in patients with STK11 mutations, with increased expression of markers associated with neutrophils (i.e., CXCL2, IL6), Th17 contexture (i.e., IL17A), and immune checkpoints. Associated changes were observed in the periphery. Reduction of STAT3 in the tumor microenvironment using an antisense oligonucleotide reversed immunotherapy resistance in preclinical STK11 knockout models. These results suggest that STK11 mutations may hinder response to checkpoint blockade through mechanisms including suppressive myeloid cell biology, which could be reversed by STAT3-targeted therapy.

Significance:
Patients with nonsquamous STK11-mutant (STK11mut) NSCLC are less likely than STK11 wild-type (STK11wt) patients to respond to anti–PD-L1 ± anti-CTLA4 immunotherapies, and their tumors show increased expression of genes and cytokines that activate STAT3 signaling. Preclinically, STAT3 modulation reverses this resistance, suggesting STAT3-targeted agents as potential combination partners for immunotherapies in STK11mut NSCLC.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2659
Irradiation Accelerates Plaque Formation and Cellular Senescence in Flow‐Altered Carotid Arteries of Apolipoprotein E Knock‐Out Mice
Authors: Yamamoto Yu , Minami Manabu , Yoshida Kazumichi , Nagata Manabu , Miyata Takeshi , Yang Tao , Takayama Naoki , Suzuki Keita , Okawa Masakazu , Yamada Kiyofumi , Miyamoto Susumu 
Published: July 2021

Background
Chronic inflammation through cellular senescence, known as the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype, is a mechanism of various organ diseases, including atherosclerosis. Particularly, ionizing radiation (IR) contributes to cellular senescence by causing DNA damage. Although previous clinical studies have demonstrated that radiotherapy causes atherosclerosis as a long‐term side effect, the detailed mechanism is unclear. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between radiation‐induced atherosclerosis and senescence‐associated secretory phenotype in murine carotid arteries.

Methods and Results
Partial ligation of the left carotid artery branches in 9‐week‐old male apolipoprotein E‐deficient mice was performed to induce atherosclerosis. The mice received total body irradiation at a dose of 6 Gy using gamma rays at 2 weeks post operation. We compared the samples collected 4 weeks after IR with unirradiated control samples. The IR and control groups presented pathologically progressive lesions in 90.9% and 72.3% of mice, respectively. Plaque volume, macrophage accumulation, and phenotype switching of vascular smooth muscle cells were advanced in the IR group. Irradiated samples showed increased persistent DNA damage response (53BP1 [p53 binding protein 1]), upregulated cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors (p16INK4a and p21), and elevated inflammatory chemokines expression (monocyte chemotactic protein‐1, keratinocyte‐derived chemokine, and macrophage inflammatory protein 2).

Conclusions
IR promoted plaque growth in murine carotid arteries. Our findings support the possibility that senescence‐associated secretory phenotype aggravates atherogenesis in irradiated artery. This mice model might contribute to mechanism elucidation of radiation‐induced atherosclerosis.
Between History and Fictionality: The Telescoping Advice in Ibn Ẓafar’s Sulwān al-muṭāʿ and Its Reception
Authors: Bellino Francesca 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The first part of the article focuses on the opening and closing chapters of Sicilian born polymath Ibn Ẓafar’s (d. ca. 566 /1171) mirror for princes, Sulwān al-muṭāʿ, which are devoted to “trusting [God]” (tafwīḍ) and “self-denial” (zuhd) respectively, and analyzes the combination of historical narratives and animal fables contained therein. In the complex “telescoping” structure devised by Ibn Ẓafar, both types of narratives represent an essential tool for reflecting on political circumstances related to the role of a local ruler. From this perspective, the analysis targets the relationship between history and fictionality set by the author and the transition from one dimension to the other. The final part of the article considers the reception of the Sulwān al-muṭāʿ by Ayyubid and Mamluk authors and their different approaches to various types of narratives when quoting (more or less substantial) parts of Ibn Ẓafar’s work.
Work between Obligation and Right in Muslim Culture: Is There a Paradigm Shift?
Authors: Khalfaoui (معز خلفاوي) Mouez 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The paper starts from the premise that the revolutions in the countries of the so-called Arab Spring (2011 and onwards) brought about an important shift in the understanding of right and duty. This trend is related to the transformation of the relationship of the ruler and the ruled in those countries as well as in the perception of work ethics. Whereas the systems of these countries have consistently considered work as a duty of citizens and encouraged them to work hard for the development and prospering of the state, these popular movements have transformed work from a duty and responsibility on the shoulders of the individual into a right of the individual that can be claimed from the state, which is trying to evade its responsibilities – including the duty to provide job opportunities for its citizens.
The researcher does not claim to present a comprehensive outline of the topic; this is rather a preliminary approach that deserves further study and analysis. What happened is not necessarily caused by direct contact with the “West” or being influenced by “Western” political philosophy, as we can find hints and origins for this transformation in both classical and modern Islamic moral thought. This paper presents examples of the relationship of right and duty from different historical periods.
Enhancing Icing Detection and Characterization using the New York State Mesonet
Authors: Wang Junhong , Brotzge Jerry , Shultis Jacob , Bain Nathan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe accurate detection and monitoring of freezing rain and icing conditions at the surface is a notoriously challenging but important problem. This work attempts to enhance icing detection and characterization utilizing data from the New York State Mesonet (NYSM). NYSM is the first operational network measuring winds at 10 meters from two independent sensors: propeller and sonic anemometers. During and after freezing rain events, large wind speed differences are frequently reported between the two anemometers because the propeller develops a coating of ice, thus either stopping or slowing its rotation. Such errors of propeller data provide a signal for identifying icing conditions. An automated method for identifying “active freezing rain” (AFR) and a continuation of “frozen surface” (FS) conditions is developed. Hourly maps of AFR and FS sites are generated using four criteria: (1) a wind speed difference (sonic – propeller) of > 1 m s-1 or 0 m s-1 propeller wind speed for at least half hour, (2) a temperature threshold of -5°C to 2°C for AFR and less than 2°C for FS, (3) insignificant hourly snow accumulation, and (4) with (or without) significant hourly precipitation accumulation for AFR (or FS). The AFR events detected by the automated method for last four winters (2017-2021) show very good agreements in starting and ending times with that from ASOS data. A case study of the ice storm during 14-16 April 2018 further demonstrates the validity of the methodology and highlights the benefit of NYSM profiler and camera data.
The Effects of Family Income and Parents’ Educational Status on Child Health Status: Examining the Mediation Effects of Material Deprivation and Parents’ Health
Authors: Wu Yichao , Qi Di 
Published: July 2021

Using the Chinese Family Panel Studies database in the wave of 2012, 2014, and 2016 with a sample of 25,663 children from 0 to 15 years old, this article examines the direct and indirect effects of family income and parents’ educational status on child health outcome. Two mediators include material living conditions and parents’ health. The results show that material living conditions and parents’ health have the greatest influences on children’s health, and parents’ education and family income are the secondary importance. Parents’ education has significant effects on child health through parents’ health and living conditions.
Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) in response assessment of transarterial radioembolization (TARE) for liver metastases of neuroendocrine tumors (NET): a feasibility study
Authors: Katharina Ingenerf Maria , Karim Homeira , Fink Nicola , Ilhan Harun , Ricke Jens , Treitl Karla-Maria , Schmid-Tannwald Christine 
Published: July 2021

Background In patients with hepatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) locoregional therapies such as transarterial radioembolization (TARE) are increasingly applied. Response evaluation remains challenging and previous studies assessing response with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) have been inconclusive. Purpose To perform a feasibility study to evaluate if response assessment with quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in patients with liver metastases of NETs after TARE will be possible. Material and Methods Retrospectively, 43 patients with 120 target lesions who obtained abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with DWI 39±28 days before and 74±46 days after TARE were included. Intralesional ADC (ADCmin, ADCmax, and ADCmean) were measured for a maximum number of three lesions per patient on baseline and post-interventional DWI. Tumor response was categorized according to RECIST 1.1 and mRECIST. Results TARE resulted in partial remission (PR) in 23% (63%), in stable disease (SD) in 73% (23%), in progressive disease (PD) in 5% (7%) and in complete response (CR) in 0% (1%) according to RECIST 1.1 (mRECIST, respectively). ADC values increased significantly ( P<0.005) after TARE in the PR group whereas there was no significant change in the PD group. Post-therapeutic ADC values of SD lesions increased significantly when evaluated by RECIST 1.1 but not if evaluated by mRECIST. Percentual changes of ADCmean values were slightly higher for responders compared to non-responders ( P<0.05). Conclusion ADC values seem to represent an additional marker for treatment response evaluation after TARE in patients with secondary hepatic NET. A conclusive study seems feasible though patient-based evaluation and overall survival and progression free survival as alternate primary endpoints should be considered.
Development and preliminary feasibility evaluation of occupation-centered diabetes self-management intervention
Authors: Binesh Maryam , Mehraban Afsoon H , Shahboulaghi Farahnaz M , Aghili Rokhsareh , Shafaroodi Narges 
Published: July 2021

Introduction Occupational therapy practice framework provides a valuable structure for guiding clinical practice in occupational therapy based on the profession’s philosophical assumptions and areas of concern. This study aims to address the development and preliminary feasibility and acceptability evaluation of diabetes self-management intervention based on the framework and available literature. Method The research consisted of two phases. During the first phase, the research team conducted the relevant literature review, analyzed it deductively, and classified it in accordance with the concepts of the occupational therapy practice framework. Then, they modeled the intervention and formulated its components. In the second phase, they undertook the developed intervention on seven people with type-2 diabetes. The participants' attendance and their satisfaction with the program were evaluated to investigate its feasibility and acceptability. Results The research team developed an intervention named Occupational Therapy Diabetes Self-Management which focuses on the occupational nature of self-management and addresses various factors of its integrations with individuals’ daily lives. Feasibility and acceptability evaluation of the Occupational Therapy Diabetes Self-Management indicated that the participants' attendance and satisfaction with the program were 92.86% and 9.43 out of 10, respectively. Conclusion The Occupational Therapy Diabetes Self-Management is evidence-based, feasible, and an acceptable intervention to guide future research and clinical practice on occupational therapy.
Evaluation of An Inpatient Pharmacy Consult on Discharge Medications in Bariatric Surgery Patients
Authors: Van Prooyen Amanda M. , Hicks Jessica L. , Lin Ed , Davis Scott S. , Singh Arvinpal , Harris DeAngelo A. , Falconer Elissa A. , Hechenbleikner Elizabeth M. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of an inpatient pharmacy consult on discharge medications following bariatric surgery. Methods: A pharmacy consult for discharge medication review for bariatric surgery patients was instituted at an academic medical center. The intervention included conducting a medication history, reviewing home medications for updates post-bariatric surgery, creating and documenting a discharge medication plan, and providing patient education. The impact of the intervention was evaluated by comparing medication classes, doses, and formulations prescribed during the intervention relative to a historical control group. Results: The study included 85 patients who received pharmacist intervention and 167 patients who did not receive pharmacist intervention following bariatric surgery. The prescription of an extended-release medication at discharge in the intervention group was reduced by 19.3% (28.7% vs. 9.4%, p = 0.0005). For patients on hypertension medications, 94.0% had their regimen reduced in the intervention group compared with 37.5% of patients in the control group (p < 0.001). Of patients on insulin at baseline, 87.5% of patients in the intervention group had dose reductions at discharge vs. 66.7% of patients in the control group (p = 0.37). No patients in the intervention group were discharged with oral antihyperglycemic medications or non-insulin injectable medications vs. 33.3% (p = 0.12) and 20.0% (p = 0.47), respectively, in the control group. Readmission rates at 30 days were insignificantly lower in the intervention group (3.5% vs. 4.2%, p = 1). Conclusions: Clinical pharmacist involvement in the discharge medication reconciliation process for bariatric surgery patients reduced prescribing of unadjusted medication classes, doses, and drug formulations.
Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood, and strain upon the start: enfranchising the medical profession for clinically proximate advocacy of improved healthcare
Authors: Looi Jeffrey C L , Allison Stephen , Kisely Stephen R , Bastiampillai Tarun 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To discuss and reflect upon the role of medical practitioners, including psychiatrists, as health advocates on behalf of patients, carers and staff. Conclusions: Health advocacy is a key professional competency of medical practitioners, and is part of the RANZCP framework for training and continuing professional development. Since advocacy is often a team activity, there is much that is gained experientially from volunteering and working with other more experienced health advocates within structurally and financially independent (of health systems and governments) representative groups (RANZCP, AMA, unions). Doctors may begin with clinically proximate advocacy for improved healthcare in health systems, across the public and private sectors. Health advocacy requires skill and courage, but can ultimately influence systemic outcomes, sway policy decisions, and improve resource allocation.
Baseline Knowledge Attitudes Satisfaction and Aspirations With Advance Care Planning: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yorke Jojo , Yobo-Addo Emmanuel , Singh Kanwardeep , Muzzam Ali , Khan Imran , Shokur Nikita , Ginn David , Myers James W 
Published: July 2021

Background: Studies have consistently demonstrated low rates of adoption of Advance Care Planning in the community. Methods: We studied Medicare enrollees age 65 and over and non-Medicare patients using a cross-sectional survey undertaken in February and March 2019 using questionnaires completed by out-patients attending a teaching hospital clinic in East Tennessee USA. We evaluated patient knowledge, attitudes, satisfaction and aspirations towards Advance Care Planning. Results: 141 properly completed questionnaires were used. All Medicare enrollees were aware of Advanced Care Planning compared to 43% in the non-Medicare group. 70% of the Medicare enrollees and 94% of non-Medicare group were not ready to complete a written Advanced Care Plan. Of the respondents, 46% had appointed spouses, 24% adult children, 11% siblings, 10% parents, 3.6% friends and 1.2% aunts as their surrogate medical decision makers. 41% agreed that they were satisfied with their current advance care planning arrangements. This research identified that individual’s knowledge, attitudes and aspirations influenced the adoption of Advance Care. Conclusions: Patients have adopted the Advance Care Plan concept but have modified it to reduce their concerns by using family and loved ones to convey their wishes instead of filling the required legal documents. Clinicians could improve this informal system and increase the observability of the treatment choices including the use of video and web-based tools.