bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profiling inflammatory cytokines following zinc supplementation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials
Authors: Faghfouri Amir Hossein , Baradaran Behzad , Khabbazi Alireza , Khaje Bishak Yaser , Zarezadeh Meysam , Tavakoli-Rouzbehani Omid Mohammad , Faghfuri Elnaz , Payahoo Laleh , Alipour Maedeh , Alipour Beitullah 
Published: January 2021

AbstractChronic inflammation has been considered as the main cause of chronic diseases. Zn has anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing the expression of inflammatory markers. The present systematic review and meta-analysis study aims to evaluate the impact of Zn supplementation on inflammation. PubMed (Medline), Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched up to 10 December 2020. Controlled trials which have investigated the effects of Zn supplementation on serum/plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines in subjects aged >15 years were included. A pooled meta-analysis was performed using a random effect model. Sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the robustness of the observed effect sizes. A total of twelve studies was included in meta-analysis. Zn could decrease IL-6 levels (standardised mean difference (SMD) = −0·76 pg/ml; 95 % CI −1·28, −0·24;P= 0·004). There was no significant change in TNF-α (SMD = 0·42 pg/ml; 95 % CI −0·31, 1·16;P= 0·257) and IL-2 levels (SMD = 1·64 pg/ml; 95 % CI −1·31, 4·59;P= 0·277) following Zn supplementation. However, Zn could increase IL-2 significantly after the deletion of one arm in sensitivity analysis (SMD = 2·96 pg/ml; 95 % CI 2·03, 3·88;P< 0·05). Conclusively, Zn supplementation can decrease the IL-6 level. Zn increased IL-2 level after the sensitivity analysis. Zn supplementation has not ameliorative effects on TNF-α.
Scottish Health Technologies Group: enhancing patient engagement
Authors: Stewart James Angus , Clifton Edward , Macpherson Karen , Angelova Nikolina , Morrison Graeme 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The Scottish Health Technologies Group (SHTG) provides evidence support and advice to the National Health Service in Scotland on the use of new and existing health technologies, which, although not medicines, are likely to have significant implications for people's care. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the developments that have taken place in the SHTG's patient involvement processes in the years 2017 to 2019, focusing primarily on specific engagement with patient organizations and considering how the new approaches have been received by stakeholders.

Methods
Feedback from patient organizations that participated in the SHTG submission process, alongside SHTG committee members’ views on patient organizations contributions, was gathered primarily via online questionnaires. The number of times that patient organizations were invited and accepted the opportunity to peer-review SHTG advice statements prior to and after the employment of a Public Involvement Advisor (PIA) was analyzed.

Results
Completed questionnaires (n = 4) from three case study examples showed high patient organization satisfaction with their experience of the SHTG process. The feedback from SHTG committee members that was gathered indicated that patient organization participation was generally well received. The number of peer reviews from patient organizations for SHTG advice statements in 2018–2019 doubled to 86 percent of the total advice statements (n = 22), compared with 43 percent (n = 14) in 2016–2017.

Conclusions
Significant progress has been made toward improving the SHTG's patient involvement processes. A dedicated PIA post within the SHTG has allowed for a more tailored support to patient organizations and has encouraged their increased participation in SHTG processes.
When Institutionalized Mental Patients Can Refuse Psychotropic Medication
Authors: Annas George J. 
Published: January 2021

Nurses and nurses' aides probably administer almost all the medications in most large mental institutions. Until recently it was generally assumed that whatever drug the physician ordered, the nurse had to administer and the patient had to accept. Two recent cases, however, have challenged these assumptions and may lead to major changes in the way mental patients are treated.There are two basic justifications for confining the mentally ill: (1) to protect them or other members of society — the so-called “police power” justification; and (2) to care for those unable to care for themselves — the parens patriae justification. Both generally require use of the “least restrictive alternative.” Mentally ill patients may or may not be competent to make any number of decisions, including the decision to accept or reject medications; but when can they be forcibly treated?
Radical Faith: The Right Stuff?
Authors: Annas George J. 
Published: January 2021

The title of Tom Wolfe's current best seller, The Right Stuff, refers to those qualities — manliness, fearlessness, survivability, and recklessness — that characterize successful test pilots in general, and Mercury astronauts in particular. A similar list could be compiled to characterize successful surgeons. It would likely include decisiveness, confidence, dexterity, and dedication. The list would be unlikely to include open-mindedness or a concern to present patients with all the options available for particular disease conditions.This “self-righteous silence” has recently brought the wrath of the women's movement down on surgeons who perform breast cancer operations without informing their patients about alternatives. And in 1979 Massachusetts became the first state to enact a law requiring physicians to provide “a patient suffering from any form of breast cancer” with “complete information on all alternative treatments which are medically viable.” This column examines the reaction to the law.
Responding to Patients' Requests for Information
Authors: Greenlaw Jane L. 
Published: January 2021

There is little argument against the principle that the health care consumer has the right to all pertinent information regarding his condition and treatment. Nevertheless, there is resistance and patients frequently have difficulty obtaining important information.Generally, it is the responsibility of the physician to inform the patient of his diagnosis and condition, the recommended treatment, its risks and its side effects, and any alternative treatments. This is the essence of obtaining the patient's informed consent, without which treatment is illegal and unethical. An important aspect of the nurse's role is to safeguard the patient's right to receive this information, and, when necessary, to assist the patient in obtaining it. Since she is in frequent close contact with the patient, the nurse should evaluate the patient's understanding and should inform the physician when further information or clarification is needed. Furthermore, when the nurse realizes that the patient has not received or understood the necessary information, the nurse should advise the patient of his right to receive it before consenting to any treatment or procedure.
Reporting Incompetent Colleagues II: “Will I Be Sued for Defamation?”
Authors: Greenlaw Jane 
Published: January 2021

Talking about one's colleagues is a common practice in all employment settings. In the health care setting, one popular topic of conversation is evaluating and comparing the professional competencies of the various personnel.When a nurse is aware that a colleague has made an error in judgment, or has failed to follow proper procedure, or has harmed a patient in some way, the nurse often chooses to share this information informally with other colleagues, rather than to report it through official channels. The rationale for this approach is generally that informal talking will do no one harm, while reporting through official channels may bring destructive disciplinary action upon the colleague, result in a lawsuit for defamation against the reporting nurse, or both. The problems with this rationale are illustrated by a recent New York court case.
How to Find the Law
Authors: Annas George J. 
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this column is not to teach you how to use the law library to perform legal research (something very few lawyers know how to do efficiently), but to give you enough information so that you can locate the legal materials cited in Nursing Law & Ethics. To locate most references cited in this newsletter, you will have to use a law library. The first rule of research in any unfamiliar library is, of course, to ask the reference librarian for assistance.All law schools have substantial libraries, as do many local bar associations. To obtain admission to the law library of your local law school, you may need special permission from the school or the assistance of a law student. Once inside, you will discover the principal problem with writing about “the law” in the United States: each of the 50 states has its own court system and legislature, and therefore, each has its own set of statutes and case reporters. Superimposed on this structure is a system of federal district courts and federal appeals courts.
Hospital Responsibilities to the General Public
Authors: Greenlaw Jane 
Published: January 2021

What is the responsibility of a hospital to protect the general public from an employee who may cause harm? Until recently, the answer to this question was simply “none“; hospitals were not seen as having any direct responsibility for the actions of employees. But this has changed, and the current trend is to hold a hospital directly responsible for the level of care received by its patients — the hospital must provide an ongoing system to monitor performance of employees as well as staff physicians.But what about acts of employees outside the hospital? Does a hospital have any obligation to anticipate when one of its employees poses a threat not on the job? This was the question addressed in a recent case before a California appeals court.
What to Know Before You Testify in Court
Authors: Annas George J. 
Published: January 2021

In the lead article Cynthia Northrop and Ann Mech discuss the growing role of nurses as expert witnesses in malpractice litigation. As they note, the increasing professionalization of nursing has led to more and more courts accepting the testimony of nurses as authoritative on the question of proper nursing practice. As a supplement to that article it is worth noting that nurses are also being called upon more frequently to testify on a wide variety of health care issues, and accordingly it is important for all nurses to have some familiarity with what goes on in a courtroom so that their testimony will be effective and useful to the judge and jury.For example, I recently had occasion to sit in on the first day of trial of a case in Minneapolis involving the question of the appropriateness and lawfulness of an order not to resuscitate. During that day testimony was heard from four nurses, two laypersons, and one physician. Of these witnesses, only the physician seemed at home in the courtroom.
Transdiagnostic CBT versus counselling sessions: a naturalistic trial from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alatiq Yousra 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In a previous feasibility trial, we found that transdiagnostic cognitive behavioural therapy (T-CBT) showed promising results in improving emotional disorders in adults from Saudi Arabia. The primary aim of this study was to replicate these findings and compare T-CBT results with results for counselling sessions. The overall sample consisted of 276 patients (175 in the T-CBT group and 101 in the counselling group). Of the overall sample, 110 patients (39.9%) completed the treatment plan, and 166 (60.1%) disengaged from treatment. The pre- and post-assessments of the clients who completed the treatment showed large effect sizes for almost all outcome measures for both the T-CBT and counselling groups. For patients who decided to disengage from therapy, T-CBT had medium effect sizes for all three measures (depression, anxiety and function), while counselling sessions had medium effect size for the anxiety measure only. This study provides additional evidence that T-CBT is suitable for patients from Saudi Arabia with emotional disorders. The study also provides information regarding when and why T-CBT or counselling was applied in a real clinical setting. Implications and recommendations are discussed.

Key learning aims

(1)
To confirm a previous feasibility trial on the effect of T-CBT in Saudi Arabia.

(2)
To explore the effect of T-CBT compared with counselling in a real clinical setting.

(3)
To identify variables related to the choice of interventions.
Analytical Solution for Field Soil Water Content Profiles
Authors: Leij Feike J. , Dane Jacob H. , Sciortino Antonella 
Published: January 2021

AbstractQuantifying the spatial and temporal dynamics of soil moisture is an important subject in vadose zone hydrology. Although progress has been made to measure soil water content, soil water flow needs to be simulated for many applications. An analytical solution for soil water content, resulting from vertical flow and simplified mathematical conditions and hydraulic properties, was derived with the Cole‐Hopf transformation. The solution serves as a transfer function with the calibrated boundary condition and water content as respective input and output. This transfer function was applied to time series of soil water content, obtained from weekly observations with a neutron probe over a 1282‐day period at five depths and 16 locations. Water retention and saturated hydraulic conductivity were measured on soil samples in the laboratory. The transfer function was calibrated to observed time series of soil water content θ(t) with a median coefficient of determination R2 = 0.980. It was then used to predict θ(t) using constants from the calibration location and hydraulic parameters from the prediction location. There was a fairly good correspondence between predicted and observed θ(t) using calibrations elsewhere (R2 = 0.783). As an alternative, an observed time series θ(t) was scaled by multiplying it by the ratio of experimental saturated water contents for prediction and observation location. This scaling approach led to poorer predictions (R2 = 0.651). The analytical solution provides a flexible approach to quantify soil moisture for a variety of scenarios regarding available data on topography, climate, soil properties, and soil hydraulic parameters.
Implementing Full Spatial Coverage in NOAA’s Global Temperature Analysis
Authors: Vose R. S. , Huang B. , Yin X. , Arndt D. , Easterling D. R. , Lawrimore J. H. , Menne M. J. , Sanchez‐Lugo A. , Zhang H. M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) maintains an operational analysis for monitoring trends in global surface temperature. Because of limited polar coverage, the analysis does not fully capture the rapid warming in the Arctic over recent decades. Given the impact of coverage biases on trend assessments, we introduce a new analysis that is spatially complete for 1850–2018. The new analysis uses air temperature data in the Arctic Ocean and applies climate reanalysis fields in spatial interpolation. Both the operational analysis and the new analysis show statistically significant warming across the globe and the Arctic for all periods examined. The analyses have comparable global trends, but the new analysis exhibits significantly more warming in the Arctic since 1980 (0.598°C dec−1 vs. 0.478°C dec−1), and its trend falls outside the 95% confidence interval of its operational counterpart. Trend differences primarily result from coverage gaps in the operational analysis.
Effects of Ion Slippage in Earth's Ionosphere and the Plasma Sheet
Authors: Wang Wenrui , Yang Jian , Nishimura Yukitoshi , Wolf Richard A. , Toffoletto Frank R. , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Knudsen David J. , Donovan Eric F. , Cui Jun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlthough triggering mechanisms for substorm onsets remain highly controversial, consensus has reached that violation of frozen‐in flux condition in the central plasma sheet is required. In this study, we carry out a numerical gedanken experiment to investigate the effects of the violation by assuming ions slip with respect to the magnetic field lines in the late substorm growth phase while electrons remain magnetized, without specifying the microphysics. The simulation results predict (1) a thin arc and a strong westward electrojet associated with downward‐upward‐downward field‐aligned currents and westward‐eastward‐westward horizontal flows in the ionosphere, which are found to be consistent with a preonset arc observed by the Swarm and the all‐sky imager; (2) a rapid creation of a bubble‐blob pair in the plasma sheet with a tailward hump of Bz that may lead to tearing instability.
Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment (PTHA) for Southeast Coast of Chinese Mainland and Taiwan Island
Authors: Yuan Ye , Li Hongwei , Wei Yong , Shi Fengyan , Wang Zongchen , Hou Jingming , Wang Peitao , Xu Zhiguo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment (PTHA) study on the Chinese Mainland and the Taiwan Island was conducted. Characterized by broad and shallow continental shelves, the offshore region along Chinese Mainland's east coast yields a significant nonlinear effect and bottom friction to the propagating long waves. To address these shallow‐water effects, a fully nonlinear Boussinesq model was used in the computation‐based PTHA framework. We found that the inappropriate usage of the linear wave model could considerably overestimate the tsunami hazards along the East China Sea (ECS) and the Yellow Sea. Tsunami hazard along the coastline of Chinese Mainland is generally moderate. Elevated tsunami hazard levels are found along both flanks of the Yangtze and Pearl estuaries. The probability of these coastlines impacted by 1 m or greater tsunami waves (at 10‐m isobath) is about 14%–40% in next century. The shallow and tongue‐shaped submarine terrain amplifies the hazard level by trapping the tsunami energy in these areas. Major subduction zones in the Northwest Pacific were identified as the main sources of destructive events along the coast of ECS and the Taiwan Island, while the Manila Trench is the main source zone that threatens the Northern South China Sea. The tsunami hazards generated by the crustal earthquakes are modest, yet not negligible, particularly in the Taiwan Strait. We found the risk of tsunami inundation along the coast of Shanghai is low based on the hazard curves of total water level that incorporates the aleatory uncertainty of tides.
MiR-144-3p is associated with pathological inflammation in patients infected with Mycobacteroides abscessus
Authors: Kim Hyeon Ji , Kim In Soo , Lee Sung-Gwon , Kim Young Jae , Silwal Prashanta , Kim Ji Young , Kim Jin Kyung , Seo Wonhyoung , Chung Chaeuk , Cho Hyun Kyu , Huh Hee Jae , Shim Seung Cheol , Park Chungoo , Jhun Byung Woo , Jo Eun-Kyeong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInfection with rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria is emerging as a global health issue; however, key host factors remain elusive. Here, we investigated the characteristic immune profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients infected withMycobacteroides abscessussubsp. abscessus(Mabc) andM. abscessussubsp.massiliense(Mmass). Using an integrated analysis of global mRNA and microRNA expression profiles, we found that several inflammatory cytokines/chemokines [interleukin (IL)-1β,IL-6, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2, and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2] andmiR-144-3pwere significantly upregulated in PBMCs from patients compared with those from healthy controls (HCs). Notably, there was a strong correlation between the expression levels ofmiR-144-3pand proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines. Similarly, upregulated expression ofmiR-144-3pand proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines was found in macrophages and lungs from mice after infection with Mabc and Mmass. We showed that the expression of negative regulators of inflammation (SARM1andTNIP3) was significantly downregulated in PBMCs from the patients, although they were not putative targets ofmiR-144-3p. Furthermore, overexpression ofmiR-144-3pled to a marked increase in proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines and promoted bacterial growth in macrophages. Together, our results highlight the importance ofmiR-144-3plinking to pathological inflammation duringM. abscessusinfection.
Heart failure—emerging roles for the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier
Authors: Fernandez-Caggiano Mariana , Eaton Philip 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) is the entry point for the glycolytic end-product pyruvate to the mitochondria. MPC activity, which is controlled by its abundance and post-translational regulation, determines whether pyruvate is oxidised in the mitochondria or metabolised in the cytosol. MPC serves as a crucial metabolic branch point that determines the fate of pyruvate in the cell, enabling metabolic adaptations during health, such as exercise, or as a result of disease. Decreased MPC expression in several cancers limits the mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate and contributes to lactate accumulation in the cytosol, highlighting its role as a contributing, causal mediator of the Warburg effect. Pyruvate is handled similarly in the failing heart where a large proportion of it is reduced to lactate in the cytosol instead of being fully oxidised in the mitochondria. Several recent studies have found that the MPC abundance was also reduced in failing human and mouse hearts that were characterised by maladaptive hypertrophic growth, emulating the anabolic scenario observed in some cancer cells. In this review we discuss the evidence implicating the MPC as an important, perhaps causal, mediator of heart failure progression.
Hedgehog-like Bi2S3 nanostructures: a novel composite soft template route to the synthesis and sensitive electrochemical immunoassay of the liver cancer biomarker
Authors: Cao Jiawen , Ouyang Pu , Yu Suhua , Shi Feng , Ren Chuanli , Wang Chengyin , Shen Ming , Yang Zhanjun 
Published: January 2021

A new route was proposed to synthesize novel hedgehog-like Bi2S3nanostructure using CTAB-trimellitic acid as a composite soft template and thiourea as the sulfur source, which was used to construct an effective electrochemical AFP immunosensor.