bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomimetic nanomedicine-triggered in situ vaccination for innate and adaptive immunity activations for bacterial osteomyelitis treatment
Authors: Lin Han , Yang Chuang , Ge Min , Luo Yao , Zhang Xianlong , Shi Jianlin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The development of bacterial vaccines for inducing immunoresponse against infectious diseases such as osteomyelitis is of great significance and importance. However, the responsiveness of bacterial immunotherapy remains far from being satisfactory largely due to the erratic antigen epitopes of bacteria. Herein, we report an in situ vaccination strategy for the immunotherapy of bacterial infection based on an osteomyelitis model using a biomimetic nanomedicine named as HMMP, which was constructed by engineering PpIX-encapsulated hollow MnOx with a hybrid membrane exfoliated from both macrophage and tumor cell lines. The as-established HMMP features a burst bacterial antigen release as the in situ vaccine by the augmented sonodynamic treatment, and the resultant priming of antigen presenting cells for the following activations of both cellular and humoral adaptive immunities against bacterial infections. This treatment regimen not only triggers initial bacterial regression in established osteomyelitis model, also simultaneously generate robust systemic antibacterial immunity against poorly immunogenic secondary osteomyelitis in the contralateral knee as well, and additionally, confers long-lasting bacteria-specific immune memory responses to prevent infection relapse. Thus, our study provides a proof of concept of in situ vaccination for the activation of both innate and adaptive antibacterial immune responses, providing an individual-independent bacterial immunotherapy.
Evaluation And Validation of Reliable Reference Genes For Quantitative Real-Time PCR Analysis of The Gene Expression In Macadamia Integrifolia
Authors: Yang Qian , Yang Ziping , Zhou Yali , Zeng Hui , Zou Minghong , Liu Heng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Macadamia integrifolia, a new economically important crop, the kernel oil is rich in bioactive compound and monounsaturated fatty acid. Gene expression analysis of qRT-PCR is beneficial to understand the complex regulatory networks of macadamia.Results: In this study, the expression stability of 11 traditional housekeeping genes including α-tubulin (TUBa), β–tubulin (TUBb), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), 18S ribosome RNA (18S), glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), α-elongation factor 1 (EF1a), β- elongation factor 1 (EF1b), ubiquitin (UBQ), ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (UBC), cyclophilin (CYP) and actin (ACT) were accessed by qRT-PCR in macadamia seedlings under different experimental conditions and tissues. The expression stability of the 11 reference genes was evaluated by the online tool RefFinder, which include ΔCt, geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper four commonly software, and then determinated a comprehensive expression stability ranking by integrating above four ranking results based on the geometric mean. Our results show that ACT was the best stable genes for all samples, cold stress, NaCl sress, PEG stress, ABA treatment, MeJA treatment, stem and leaf tissue samples; EF1b is the most stable gene in GA treatment and heat stress samples; UBC and CYP were respectively ranked top in ethylene treatment and root tissue samples. Finally, the reliability of these results was further validated with a target gene SAD by qRT-PCR. Conclusions: In summary, this study evaluated and validated the suitable reference genes for qRT-PCR under different experiment treatment and tissues, and will be useful for further gene expression studies on the molecular mechanisms in Macadamia.
Determinants of Participation in Immunization against COVID-19 before Distribution of Vaccine in Iran
Authors: Maharlouei Najmeh Maharlouei , Zarei Leila , Moradi Najmeh , Zahed-Roozegar Mohammad-Hassan , Meshkani Zahra , Keshavarz Pedram , Lankarani Kamran B. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: In each immunization program, the public participation is a key factor. So, we studies determinants of participation in immunization against Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Iran before distribution of vaccine.Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted in February 2021. It had two formats; interview and online. The questionnaire comprised socio-demographic information, past medical history, perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 infection, and tendency for participating in vaccination against COVID-19. Results: Of 2071 participants, 1020 (49.2%) were men, and 1803 (87.1%) were determined to participate in COVID-19 vaccination program. There was a significant association between positive attitude toward vaccination against COVID-19 and the respondent’s socio-economic status (SES), educational level, reporting non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in themselves/ their first-degree families, perceived susceptibility toward getting COVID-19 infection in the following months in themselves/close family members, and being a healthcare worker. Most respondents were determined to participate in the COVID-19 vaccination because they believed vaccination would be effective in preventing mortality and decreased COVID-19 transmission. Conclusions: SES, educational level, positive history of NCDs, perceived susceptibility toward getting COVID-19 infection, and being a healthcare worker had a significant positive association with the respondents’ intention to participate in COVID-19 vaccination program.
Integrated wireless theranostic contact lens for in situ electrical sensing and regulation of glaucoma
Authors: Yang Cheng , Wu Qianni , Liu Junqing , Mo Jingshan , Li Xiangling , Yang Chengduan , Liu Ziqi , Yang Jingbo , Jiang Lelun , Chen Weirong , Chen Hui-jiuan , Wang Ji , Xie Xi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Engineered closed-loop devices that can wirelessly track intraocular pressure (IOP) and offer feedback-medicine administrations are highly desirable for glaucoma treatments, yet remain difficult to develop. Integrated theranostic systems based on contact lens still confront several challenges, including size limits, requirements of wireless operations, and cross-coupling between multiple functional modulus. Here, for the first time to our knowledge, an integrated wireless theranostic contact lens (WTCL) for in situ electrical sensing and on-demand drug delivery of glaucoma was developed. The WTCL utilized a highly compact circuitry and structural design, which enabled high-degreed integration of IOP sensing and electrically controlled delivery modulus on the curved and limited surface of contact lens. The wireless IOP sensing modulus could ultra-sensitively detect IOP fluctuations, due to the unique cantilever configuration design of LCR circuit with ultra-soft air dielectric film sandwiched between each capacitive sensing plate. The drug delivery modulus employed a highly efficient wireless power transfer circuit, to trigger delivery of anti-glaucoma drug into aqueous chamber via iontophoresis to enhance drug permeation across cornea. The specialized design of frequency separation enabled individual operations of different modules without cross-coupling. The noninvasive, smart, wireless and closed-loop theranostic features endowed the WTCL as a highly promising system for glaucoma treatments.
Perturbation or Function? Intrinsic brain dynamics in the Default Mode Network predict involuntary fluctuations of visual awareness
Authors: Lu Dian , Stamatakis Emmanuel , Naik Shruti , Menon David 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Brain activity is intrinsically organised into spatiotemporal patterns, but it is still not clear whether the intrinsic dynamical patterns are functional or epiphenomenal. Using a simultaneous fMRI-EEG implementation of a well-known bi-stable visual task, we showed that the latent transient states (~100-ms) in the intrinsic EEG oscillations can predict the upcoming involuntarily perceptual transitions. The critical state predicting a dominant perceptual transition was characterised by the phase coupling between the precuneus (PCU), a key node of the Default Mode Network (DMN), and the primary visual cortex (V1). The interaction between the lifetime of this state and the PCU->V1 causal effect is correlated with the rate of perceptual fluctuation. Our study suggests that the brain’s endogenous dynamics are phenomenologically relevant, as they can trigger a diversion between potential visual processing pathways, while external stimuli remain the same. In this sense, the intrinsic DMN dynamics pre-empt the content of consciousness.
Genome-wide interaction analysis identified low-frequency variants with sex disparity in lung cancer risk
Authors: Li Yafang , Xiao Xiangjun , Li Jianrong , Byun Jinyoung , Cheng Chao , Bossé Yohan , McKay James , Albanes Demetrius , Lam Stephen , Tardon Adonina , Chen Chu , Bojesen Stig , Landi Maria , Johansson Mattias , Risch Angela , Bickeböller Heike , Wichmann Erich , Christiani David , Rennert Gad , Arnold Susanne , Goodman Gary , Field John , Shete Sanjay , Marchand Loic Le , Melander Olle , Brunnström Hans , Liu Geoffrey , Hung Rayjean , Andrew Angeline , Kiemeney Lambertus , Shen Hongbing , Sun Ryan , Zienolddiny Shanbeh , Grankvist Kjell , Johansson Mikael , Caporaso Neil , Teare Dawn , Hong Yun-Chul , Davies Michael , Lazarus Philip , Schabath Matthew , Aldrich Melinda , Schwartz Ann , Gorlov Ivan , Purrington Kristen , Yang Ping , Han Younghun , Bailey-Wilson Joan , Liu Yanhong , Pinney Susan , Mandal Diptasri , Willey James , Gaba Colette , Brennan Paul , Amos Christopher 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
There is growing evidence showing that sex disparity in lung cancer risk cannot be fully explained by sex differences in smoking behavior, implying existence of genetic and molecular basis for sex disparity in lung cancer development. However, the information about sex dimorphism in lung cancer risk is quite limited despite the great success in lung cancer association studies. By adopting a stringent two-stage analysis strategy, we performed a genome-wide gene-sex interaction analysis using genotype from a lung cancer cohort including ~ 47,000 individuals with European ancestry. Three low-frequency variants (minor allele frequency < 0.05), rs17662871 (OR=0.71, p=4.29x10-8); rs79942605 (OR=2.17, p=2.81x10-8); and rs208908 (OR=0.70, p=4.54x10-8), were identified with different risk effect of lung cancer between men and women. Further eQTL and functional annotation analysis suggested rs208908 affect lung cancer risk through differential regulation of CXADR (Coxsackie Virus And Adenovirus Receptor) gene expression in lung tissues between men and women. Our study is one of the first studies to provide novel insights about the genetic and molecular basis for sex disparity in lung cancer development.
Simultaneous All-optical 1's Complement Cum Division-by-two Schemes
Authors: Gayen Dilip Kumar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Odd and even number detection is an important mathematical operation. Generally when any number divisible by 2 then it is called even number, otherwise it is odd number. Division by 2 can be easily obtained by putting a point before least significant bit (LSB) of any binary number. As an example a number (27)10 = (11011)2 when divided by 2 its result will be (1101.1)2 = (13.5)10. Hence when we find the fractional bit as logic-1 we can say that the number is odd, otherwise it is even. This operation can be obtained by using a demultiplexer. Here we have developed an optical circuit which can divide any binary integer number by 2, apart from that its 1’s complement can also be obtained from the circuit. Both of the result can be obtained simultaneously. Terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (TOAD) based generally switch assumes a vital part to plan this n-bit circuit. Numerical simulations are done to urge the exhibition of the circuit.
Transcriptome and Metabolite Insights Into Domestication Process of Cultivated Barley in China
Authors: Zhou Yu , Lu Guang , Sun Genlou , Sun Daokun , Ren Xifeng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Barley is one of the earliest domesticated crops and regarded as one of the founder of Neolithic transition in the Near East Fertile Crescent. Domestication process of cultivated barley (especially east-Asian cultivated barley) has been under debate because of the controversial origin centers of barley, which caused by widely dispersal of wild barley. What’s more, no comprehensive study regarding alteration in metabolism during domestication has been delineated in barley so far.
Results
Transcriptomic and non-targeted metabolic analyses were performed for two wild barley populations (wild barley of Near East Fertile Crescent (Wb-NE), and wild barley of Tibetan Plateau (Wb-T)), and one cultivated barley population (cultivated barley of China (Cb-C)), the results revealed two stages of the domestication process of Cb-C, first from Wb-NE to Wb-T, and then from Wb-T to Cb-C. The Wb-T played an important intermediate role in the domestication from Wb-NE to Cb-C, and had made more genetic contribution than Wb-NE to Cb-C. Meanwhile, we found continuous gene flow, a large number of selective genes and metabolites during domestication. Divergent metabolites of alkaloids and phenylpropanoids were specific targeted in stages from Wb-NE to Wb-T and from Wb-T to Cb-C, respectively. The key missense SNPs in genes HORVU6Hr1G027650 and HORVU4Hr1G072150 might be related to the divergence of metabolites of alkaloids and phenylpropanoids during domestication.
Conclusions
Our results revealed that two stages of the domestication process of Cb-C, and distinct sets of metabolites were targeted by selection during the evolution from wild barley of the Near East Fertile Crescent to Tibetan wild barley to cultivated barley of China. Our findings not only provided genetic and metabolic insights into domestication process of barley but also highlighted the power of combining omics data for trait dissection.
Spectral Tuning In Quantum Rings By Magnetic Field: Detection From NIR To FIR Regime
Authors: Solaimani Mahdi , Mobini Alireza 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this work, we present a quantum ring structure based on semiconducting QWs for spectral tuning in a wide IR range (1.24- 103 µm) using an external magnetic field. We have used a tight binding method to investigate the optical properties of the structure. Using this method the effect of the external magnetic field on the absorption spectrum has been investigated as the post-processing method. Also, the effect of different geometrical parameters like the number of QWs, QR radius, and constructed material considered as processing methods for tuning absorption. The results show for GaAs based QR with the radius of 100/π consist of 4 QWs, absorption peak linearly increase from 100 meV (12.4 um) in LWIR regime and shift to 200 meV (6.2 um) in MIR regime with increasing external magnetic field. Also for a QR with a radius of 200/π, by changing the magnetic field different absorption peaks appear and disappear in an absorption spectrum and a multi-color detector converts to single-detector in the NIR regime. This results help experimentalist to select proper materials with optimized geometrical parameters to achieve desired wavelength for various detection applications.
Study on Compounds Analysis and Anti Colorectal Cancer Efficacy of Quercus Infectoria Galls’ Different Polar Solvent Extracts
Authors: Elham Aliya , Arkin Abdulaziz , Kalimanjan Gulina , Anwar Arfidin , Luo Wenjie , Iminjan Mubarak 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Quercus Infectoria galls (QIG) has multiple therapeutic properties and are widely used in Traditional Medicine (TM) as an anti-inflammatory agent for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). QIG aqueous extract has been verified to inhibit the proliferation of Colorectal cancer (CRC) cells but there is no relevant research on the contribution of material basis of QIG towards the efficacy at present. This research aims to clarify the pharmacodynamic discrepancy of different polar solvent extracts of QIG and the underlying link between material basis and anti CRC efficacy.
Methods

Four different QIG extracts and residues was prepared by using a modified method and the effective compounds polyphenols, tannins and gallic acid (GA) was determined by analytical methods including Thin Layer Chromatography, Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Infrared spectroscopy. Then GA and four different QIG extracts’ anti CRC activity against human HCT-116 and Caco-2 cells were tested in vitro by CCK-8 assay, wound-healing assay and apoptosis assay, at the end entropy weight method was used to comprehensively assess the anti CRC activities for discern the most active one among the four different QIG extracts.
Results

The content determination experiment shows that the content of active compounds in the four extracts increased with the increase of the polarity of the extraction solvent. The content of polyphenols, tannins and GA in aqueous extracts ranks first, reaching 562.66 ± 8.45 mg·mL− 1, 463.85 ± 4.62mg·mL− 1, 169.86 ± 3.24mg·mL− 1, respectively, followed by methanol, ethanol, and acetone, and the content order of them in residues is opposite to that in extracts. The in vitro pharmacodynamic experiments showed that all four extracts and GA could inhibit the proliferation and migration, induce apoptosis of CRC cells in different degrees. The entropy score of ethanol extract ranks first (0.5546 and 0.5436), followed by methanol (0.2264 and 0.1989), acetone (0.1961 and 0.1011) and aqueous (0.0596 and 0.1454). After the intervention of ethanol extract, the proliferation inhibition rate of ethanol extract on HCT-116 and Caco-2 cells reached 76.55% and 78.8%, migration inhibition rate reached 76.48% and 64.85%, and the induced apoptosis rate increased by 20.1% and 12.6%, respectively. Therefore, it is verified that QIG ethanol extract possess the strongest inhibitory effect on CRC cells. In addition, GA also showed strong anti-cancer activity as the main compound of QIG.
Conclusions

These findings will lead to further studies on the bioactivity-guided isolation of compounds from the ethanol extracts of QIG, and provide a basis for the research of mechanism.
Application of Machine Learning To Predict The Occurrence of Arrhythmia After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Wang suhuai , Li jingjie , Sun Lin , Cai Jianing , Wang Shihui , Zeng Linwen , Sun Shaoqing 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Early identification of the occurrence of arrhythmia in patients with acute myocardial infarction plays an essential role in clinical decision-making. The present study attempted to use machine learning (ML) methods to build predictive models of arrhythmia after acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods: A total of 2084 patients with acute myocardial infarction were enrolled in this study. The primary outcome is whether tachyarrhythmia occurred during admission containing atrial arrhythmia, ventricular arrhythmia, and supraventricular tachycardia. All data is randomly divided into training set (80%) and internal testing set (20%). Three machine learning algorithms (including decision tree, random forest, and artificial neural network) learn from the training set to build a model, use the testing set to evaluate the prediction performance, and compare it with the model built by the variable set involved GRACE risk score.Results：Three ML models predict the occurrence of tachyarrhythmia after AMI. After variable selection, the artificial neural network (ANN) model achieves the highest accuracy of 0.654 (95% CI, 0.625--0.683). The area under the value of the curve (AUC) is 0.597 (95% CI, 0.568-0.626). The highest accuracy of the model built using the Grace variable set is 0.627 (95% CI, 0.598-0.656), and the AUC value is 0.574 (95% CI, 0.545-0.603).Conclusions：We used advanced machine learning methods to build prediction models for tachyarrhythmia after AMI for the first time (especially the ANN model has the best performance). The current study can supplement the current AMI risk score, provide a reliable evaluation method for the clinic, and broaden the new horizons of ML and clinical research.Trial registration：Clinical Trial Registry No.: ChiCTR2100041960.
Complementary use of Presepsin with the Sepsis-3 Criteria Improved Identification of High-Risk Patients with Suspected Sepsis
Authors: Park Jong Eun , Lee Beomki , Yoon Sun Joo , Park Chi-Min , Jung Chul Won , Ahn Myung-Ju , Park Hyung-Doo , Hwang Sung Yeon , Shin Tae Gun , Kang Eun-Suk 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background: We aimed to evaluate the prognostic accuracy of presepsin levels and additional value for identifying high-risk patients when taken together with the current sepsis criteria. Methods: This was a single-center, prospective, observational study of patients with suspected sepsis. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. The prognostic performance of presepsin was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), according to the sepsis definition using the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score change (delta SOFA ≥ 2) and lactate level ≥ 2 mmol/L. Results: A total of 775 patients were included. The AUC of presepsin for predicting 28-day mortality was 0.747 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.701-0.792). Presepsin showed adequate prognostic accuracy regardless of the delta SOFA score or lactate level. High presepsin levels (>755 pg/ml) showed an independent association with 28-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio: 5.17, 95% CI: 2.92–9.16), and significant differences in mortality were observed, even in patients with non-sepsis (13.3% in the high presepsin group vs. 3.6% in the low presepsin group) or low lactate level (14.4% vs. 2.7%). Compared with a single criterion of the delta SOFA score (AUC: 0.670) or lactate (AUC: 0.682), addition of the high presepsin criterion significantly increased discrimination (presepsin + delta SOFA score, AUC: 0.750; presepsin + lactate, AUC: 0.772; presepsin + delta SOFA score+ lactate, AUC: 0.795).Conclusion: Presepsin showed fair prognostic performance regardless of the clinical sepsis criteria. Complementary use of presepsin with the Sepsis-3 criteria may identify more high-risk septic patients and provide useful prognostic information.
Protective Effect of Platinum Nano-antioxidant and Nitric Oxide Against Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Mu Jing , Li Chunxiao , Yu Shi , Liu Guoyong , Zou Jianhua , Zhang Dong-Yang , Jiang Chao , Wang Xiuli , He Liangcan , Huang Peng , Yin Yuxin , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Specific therapeutic interventions of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) to attenuate liver dysfunction or multiple organ failure following liver surgery and transplantation remain a key concern. Here we present an innovative strategy by integrating a platinum nanoantioxidant and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) into the zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8)-based hybrid nanoreactor for effective prevention of IRI. Platinum nanoantioxidant could scavenge excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the injury site and meanwhile generate oxygen for subsequent synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) under the catalysis of iNOS. Such cascade reaction successfully achieved dual protection for the liver through ROS clearance and NO regulation, remarkably enabling reduction of oxidative stress, inhibition of macrophage activation and neutrophil recruitment, and ensuing suppression of proinflammatory cytokines. The current work establishes a proof of concept of multifunctional nanotherapeutics against IRI, which may provide a promising intervention solution in clinical use.