bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor cell plasticity, heterogeneity, and resistance in crucial microenvironmental niches in glioma
Authors: Jung Erik , Osswald Matthias , Ratliff Miriam , Dogan Helin , Xie Ruifan , Weil Sophie , Hoffmann Dirk C. , Kurz Felix T. , Kessler Tobias , Heiland Sabine , von Deimling Andreas , Sahm Felix , Wick Wolfgang , Winkler Frank 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBoth the perivascular niche (PVN) and the integration into multicellular networks by tumor microtubes (TMs) have been associated with progression and resistance to therapies in glioblastoma, but their specific contribution remained unknown. By long-term tracking of tumor cell fate and dynamics in the live mouse brain, differential therapeutic responses in both niches are determined. Both the PVN, a preferential location of long-term quiescent glioma cells, and network integration facilitate resistance against cytotoxic effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy—independently of each other, but with additive effects. Perivascular glioblastoma cells are particularly able to actively repair damage to tumor regions. Population of the PVN and resistance in it depend on proficient NOTCH1 expression. In turn, NOTCH1 downregulation induces resistant multicellular networks by TM extension. Our findings identify NOTCH1 as a central switch between the PVN and network niche in glioma, and demonstrate robust cross-compensation when only one niche is targeted.
Designing a next generation solar crystallizer for real seawater brine treatment with zero liquid discharge
Authors: Zhang Chenlin , Shi Yusuf , Shi Le , Li Hongxia , Li Renyuan , Hong Seunghyun , Zhuo Sifei , Zhang Tiejun , Wang Peng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractProper disposal of industrial brine has been a critical environmental challenge. Zero liquid discharge (ZLD) brine treatment holds great promise to the brine disposal, but its application is limited by the intensive energy consumption of its crystallization process. Here we propose a new strategy that employs an advanced solar crystallizer coupled with a salt crystallization inhibitor to eliminate highly concentrated waste brine. The rationally designed solar crystallizer exhibited a high water evaporation rate of 2.42 kg m−2 h−1 under one sun illumination when treating real concentrated seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) brine (21.6 wt%). The solar crystallizer array showed an even higher water evaporation rate of 48.0 kg m−2 per day in the outdoor field test, suggesting a great potential for practical application. The solar crystallizer design and the salt crystallization inhibition strategy proposed and confirmed in this work provide a low-cost and sustainable solution for industrial brine disposal with ZLD.
AA amyloid fibrils from diseased tissue are structurally different from in vitro formed SAA fibrils
Authors: Bansal Akanksha , Schmidt Matthias , Rennegarbe Matthies , Haupt Christian , Liberta Falk , Stecher Sabrina , Puscalau-Girtu Ioana , Biedermann Alexander , Fändrich Marcus 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSystemic AA amyloidosis is a world-wide occurring protein misfolding disease of humans and animals. It arises from the formation of amyloid fibrils from serum amyloid A (SAA) protein. Using cryo electron microscopy we here show that amyloid fibrils which were purified from AA amyloidotic mice are structurally different from fibrils formed from recombinant SAA protein in vitro. Ex vivo amyloid fibrils consist of fibril proteins that contain more residues within their ordered parts and possess a higher β-sheet content than in vitro fibril proteins. They are also more resistant to proteolysis than their in vitro formed counterparts. These data suggest that pathogenic amyloid fibrils may originate from proteolytic selection, allowing specific fibril morphologies to proliferate and to cause damage to the surrounding tissue.
Magnetic crystalline-symmetry-protected axion electrodynamics and field-tunable unpinned Dirac cones in EuIn2As2
Authors: Riberolles S. X. M. , Trevisan T. V. , Kuthanazhi B. , Heitmann T. W. , Ye F. , Johnston D. C. , Bud’ko S. L. , Ryan D. H. , Canfield P. C. , Kreyssig A. , Vishwanath A. , McQueeney R. J. , Wang L. -L. , Orth P. P. , Ueland B. G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractKnowledge of magnetic symmetry is vital for exploiting nontrivial surface states of magnetic topological materials. EuIn2As2 is an excellent example, as it is predicted to have collinear antiferromagnetic order where the magnetic moment direction determines either a topological-crystalline-insulator phase supporting axion electrodynamics or a higher-order-topological-insulator phase with chiral hinge states. Here, we use neutron diffraction, symmetry analysis, and density functional theory results to demonstrate that EuIn2As2 actually exhibits low-symmetry helical antiferromagnetic order which makes it a stoichiometric magnetic topological-crystalline axion insulator protected by the combination of a 180∘ rotation and time-reversal symmetries: $${C}_{2}\times {\mathcal{T}}={2}^{\prime}$$

C

2

×
T
=

2

′

. Surfaces protected by $${2}^{\prime}$$

2

′

are expected to have an exotic gapless Dirac cone which is unpinned to specific crystal momenta. All other surfaces have gapped Dirac cones and exhibit half-integer quantum anomalous Hall conductivity. We predict that the direction of a modest applied magnetic field of μ0H ≈ 1 to 2 T can tune between gapless and gapped surface states.
Impact of the COVID-19 nonpharmaceutical interventions on influenza and other respiratory viral infections in New Zealand
Authors: Huang Q. Sue , Wood Tim , Jelley Lauren , Jennings Tineke , Jefferies Sarah , Daniells Karen , Nesdale Annette , Dowell Tony , Turner Nikki , Campbell-Stokes Priscilla , Balm Michelle , Dobinson Hazel C. , Grant Cameron C. , James Shelley , Aminisani Nayyereh , Ralston Jacqui , Gunn Wendy , Bocacao Judy , Danielewicz Jessica , Moncrieff Tessa , McNeill Andrea , Lopez Liza , Waite Ben , Kiedrzynski Tomasz , Schrader Hannah , Gray Rebekah , Cook Kayla , Currin Danielle , Engelbrecht Chaune , Tapurau Whitney , Emmerton Leigh , Martin Maxine , Baker Michael G. , Taylor Susan , Trenholme Adrian , Wong Conroy , Lawrence Shirley , McArthur Colin , Stanley Alicia , Roberts Sally , Rahnama Fahimeh , Bennett Jenny , Mansell Chris , Dilcher Meik , Werno Anja , Grant Jennifer , van der Linden Antje , Youngblood Ben , Thomas Paul G. ,   NPIsImpactOnFlu Consortium, Webby Richard J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStringent nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) such as lockdowns and border closures are not currently recommended for pandemic influenza control. New Zealand used these NPIs to eliminate coronavirus disease 2019 during its first wave. Using multiple surveillance systems, we observed a parallel and unprecedented reduction of influenza and other respiratory viral infections in 2020. This finding supports the use of these NPIs for controlling pandemic influenza and other severe respiratory viral threats.
Genomic aberrations after short-term exposure to colibactin-producing E. coli transform primary colon epithelial cells
Authors: Iftekhar Amina , Berger Hilmar , Bouznad Nassim , Heuberger Julian , Boccellato Francesco , Dobrindt Ulrich , Hermeking Heiko , Sigal Michael , Meyer Thomas F. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGenotoxic colibactin-producingpks+Escherichia coliinduce DNA double-strand breaks, mutations, and promote tumor development in mouse models of colorectal cancer (CRC). Colibactin’s distinct mutational signature is reflected in human CRC, suggesting a causal link. Here, we investigate its transformation potential using organoids from primary murine colon epithelial cells. Organoids recovered from short-term infection withpks+E. colishow characteristics of CRC cells, e.g., enhanced proliferation, Wnt-independence, and impaired differentiation. Sequence analysis of Wnt-independent organoids reveals an enhanced mutational burden, including chromosomal aberrations typical of genomic instability. Although we do not find classic Wnt-signaling mutations, we identify several mutations in genes related to p53-signaling, includingmiR-34a. Knockout ofTrp53ormiR-34in organoids results in Wnt-independence, corroborating a functional interplay between the p53 and Wnt pathways. We propose larger chromosomal alterations and aneuploidy as the basis of transformation in these organoids, consistent with the early appearance of chromosomal instability in CRC.
Granulovirus PK-1 kinase activity relies on a side-to-side dimerization mode centered on the regulatory αC helix
Authors: Oliver Michael R. , Horne Christopher R. , Shrestha Safal , Keown Jeremy R. , Liang Lung-Yu , Young Samuel N. , Sandow Jarrod J. , Webb Andrew I. , Goldstone David C. , Lucet Isabelle S. , Kannan Natarajan , Metcalf Peter , Murphy James M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe life cycle of Baculoviridae family insect viruses depends on the viral protein kinase, PK-1, to phosphorylate the regulatory protein, p6.9, to induce baculoviral genome release. Here, we report the crystal structure of Cydia pomenella granulovirus PK-1, which, owing to its likely ancestral origin among host cell AGC kinases, exhibits a eukaryotic protein kinase fold. PK-1 occurs as a rigid dimer, where an antiparallel arrangement of the αC helices at the dimer core stabilizes PK-1 in a closed, active conformation. Dimerization is facilitated by C-lobe:C-lobe and N-lobe:N-lobe interactions between protomers, including the domain-swapping of an N-terminal helix that crowns a contiguous β-sheet formed by the two N-lobes. PK-1 retains a dimeric conformation in solution, which is crucial for catalytic activity. Our studies raise the prospect that parallel, side-to-side dimeric arrangements that lock kinase domains in a catalytically-active conformation could function more broadly as a regulatory mechanism among eukaryotic protein kinases.
Ultra-high-Q resonances in plasmonic metasurfaces
Authors: Bin-Alam M. Saad , Reshef Orad , Mamchur Yaryna , Alam M. Zahirul , Carlow Graham , Upham Jeremy , Sullivan Brian T. , Ménard Jean-Michel , Huttunen Mikko J. , Boyd Robert W. , Dolgaleva Ksenia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPlasmonic nanostructures hold promise for the realization of ultra-thin sub-wavelength devices, reducing power operating thresholds and enabling nonlinear optical functionality in metasurfaces. However, this promise is substantially undercut by absorption introduced by resistive losses, causing the metasurface community to turn away from plasmonics in favour of alternative material platforms (e.g., dielectrics) that provide weaker field enhancement, but more tolerable losses. Here, we report a plasmonic metasurface with a quality-factor (Q-factor) of 2340 in the telecommunication C band by exploiting surface lattice resonances (SLRs), exceeding the record by an order of magnitude. Additionally, we show that SLRs retain many of the same benefits as localized plasmonic resonances, such as field enhancement and strong confinement of light along the metal surface. Our results demonstrate that SLRs provide an exciting and unexplored method to tailor incident light fields, and could pave the way to flexible wavelength-scale devices for any optical resonating application.
Ultrafast generation and decay of a surface metal
Authors: Gierster L. , Vempati S. , Stähler J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBand bending at semiconductor surfaces induced by chemical doping or electric fields can create metallic surfaces with properties not found in the bulk, such as high electron mobility, magnetism or superconductivity. Optical generation of such metallic surfaces on ultrafast timescales would be appealing for high-speed electronics. Here, we demonstrate the ultrafast generation of a metal at the (10-10) surface of ZnO upon photoexcitation. Compared to hitherto known ultrafast photoinduced semiconductor-to-metal transitions that occur in the bulk of inorganic semiconductors, the metallization of the ZnO surface is launched by 3–4 orders of magnitude lower photon fluxes. Using time- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, we show that the phase transition is caused by photoinduced downward surface band bending due to photodepletion of donor-type deep surface defects. The discovered mechanism is in analogy to chemical doping of semiconductor surfaces and presents a general route for controlling surface-confined metallicity on ultrafast timescales.
PRMT5 inhibition disrupts splicing and stemness in glioblastoma
Authors: Sachamitr Patty , Ho Jolene C. , Ciamponi Felipe E. , Ba-Alawi Wail , Coutinho Fiona J. , Guilhamon Paul , Kushida Michelle M. , Cavalli Florence M. G. , Lee Lilian , Rastegar Naghmeh , Vu Victoria , Sánchez-Osuna María , Coulombe-Huntington Jasmin , Kanshin Evgeny , Whetstone Heather , Durand Mathieu , Thibault Philippe , Hart Kirsten , Mangos Maria , Veyhl Joseph , Chen Wenjun , Tran Nhat , Duong Bang-Chi , Aman Ahmed M. , Che Xinghui , Lan Xiaoyang , Whitley Owen , Zaslaver Olga , Barsyte-Lovejoy Dalia , Richards Laura M. , Restall Ian , Caudy Amy , Röst Hannes L. , Bonday Zahid Quyoom , Bernstein Mark , Das Sunit , Cusimano Michael D. , Spears Julian , Bader Gary D. , Pugh Trevor J. , Tyers Mike , Lupien Mathieu , Haibe-Kains Benjamin , Artee Luchman H. , Weiss Samuel , Massirer Katlin B. , Prinos Panagiotis , Arrowsmith Cheryl H. , Dirks Peter B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is a deadly cancer in which cancer stem cells (CSCs) sustain tumor growth and contribute to therapeutic resistance. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) has recently emerged as a promising target in GBM. Using two orthogonal-acting inhibitors of PRMT5 (GSK591 or LLY-283), we show that pharmacological inhibition of PRMT5 suppresses the growth of a cohort of 46 patient-derived GBM stem cell cultures, with the proneural subtype showing greater sensitivity. We show that PRMT5 inhibition causes widespread disruption of splicing across the transcriptome, particularly affecting cell cycle gene products. We identify a GBM splicing signature that correlates with the degree of response to PRMT5 inhibition. Importantly, we demonstrate that LLY-283 is brain-penetrant and significantly prolongs the survival of mice with orthotopic patient-derived xenografts. Collectively, our findings provide a rationale for the clinical development of brain penetrant PRMT5 inhibitors as treatment for GBM.
Insertion-sequence-mediated mutations both promote and constrain evolvability during a long-term experiment with bacteria
Authors: Consuegra Jessika , Gaffé Joël , Lenski Richard E. , Hindré Thomas , Barrick Jeffrey E. , Tenaillon Olivier , Schneider Dominique 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInsertion sequences (IS) are ubiquitous bacterial mobile genetic elements, and the mutations they cause can be deleterious, neutral, or beneficial. The long-term dynamics of IS elements and their effects on bacteria are poorly understood, including whether they are primarily genomic parasites or important drivers of adaptation by natural selection. Here, we investigate the dynamics of IS elements and their contribution to genomic evolution and fitness during a long-term experiment with Escherichia coli. IS elements account for ~35% of the mutations that reached high frequency through 50,000 generations in those populations that retained the ancestral point-mutation rate. In mutator populations, IS-mediated mutations are only half as frequent in absolute numbers. In one population, an exceptionally high ~8-fold increase in IS150 copy number is associated with the beneficial effects of early insertion mutations; however, this expansion later slowed down owing to reduced IS150 activity. This population also achieves the lowest fitness, suggesting that some avenues for further adaptation are precluded by the IS150-mediated mutations. More generally, across all populations, we find that higher IS activity becomes detrimental to adaptation over evolutionary time. Therefore, IS-mediated mutations can both promote and constrain evolvability.
Radiative lifetime-encoded unicolour security tags using perovskite nanocrystals
Authors: Yakunin Sergii , Chaaban Jana , Benin Bogdan M. , Cherniukh Ihor , Bernasconi Caterina , Landuyt Annelies , Shynkarenko Yevhen , Bolat Sami , Hofer Christoph , Romanyuk Yaroslav E. , Cattaneo Stefano , Pokutnyi Sergey I. , Schaller Richard D. , Bodnarchuk Maryna I. , Poulikakos Dimos , Kovalenko Maksym V. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTraditional fluorescence-based tags, used for anticounterfeiting, rely on primitive pattern matching and visual identification; additional covert security features such as fluorescent lifetime or pattern masking are advantageous if fraud is to be deterred. Herein, we present an electrohydrodynamically printed unicolour multi-fluorescent-lifetime security tag system composed of lifetime-tunable lead-halide perovskite nanocrystals that can be deciphered with both existing time-correlated single-photon counting fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy and a novel time-of-flight prototype. We find that unicolour or matching emission wavelength materials can be prepared through cation-engineering with the partial substitution of formamidinium for ethylenediammonium to generate “hollow” formamidinium lead bromide perovskite nanocrystals; these materials can be successfully printed into fluorescence-lifetime-encoded-quick-read tags that are protected from conventional readers. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that a portable, cost-effective time-of-flight fluorescence-lifetime imaging prototype can also decipher these codes. A single comprehensive approach combining these innovations may be eventually deployed to protect both producers and consumers.
Functional and versatile superhydrophobic coatings via stoichiometric silanization
Authors: Zhang Lishen , Zhou Alvin G. , Sun Brigitta R. , Chen Kennedy S. , Yu Hua-Zhong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSuperhydrophobic coatings have tremendous potential for applications in different fields and have been achieved commonly by increasing nanoscale roughness and lowering surface tension. Limited by the availability of either ideal nano-structural templates or simple fabrication procedures, the search of superhydrophobic coatings that are easy to manufacture and are robust in real-life applications remains challenging for both academia and industry. Herein, we report an unconventional protocol based on a single-step, stoichiometrically controlled reaction of long-chain organosilanes with water, which creates micro- to nano-scale hierarchical siloxane aggregates dispersible in industrial solvents (as the coating mixture). Excellent superhydrophobicity (ultrahigh water contact angle >170° and ultralow sliding angle <1°) has been attained on solid materials of various compositions and dimensions, by simply dipping into or spraying with the coating mixture. It has been demonstrated that these complete waterproof coatings hold excellent properties in terms of cost, scalability, robustness, and particularly the capability of encapsulating other functional materials (e.g. luminescent dyes).
Seasonal biological carryover dominates northern vegetation growth
Authors: Lian Xu , Piao Shilong , Chen Anping , Wang Kai , Li Xiangyi , Buermann Wolfgang , Huntingford Chris , Peñuelas Josep , Xu Hao , Myneni Ranga B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe state of ecosystems is influenced strongly by their past, and describing this carryover effect is important to accurately forecast their future behaviors. However, the strength and persistence of this carryover effect on ecosystem dynamics in comparison to that of simultaneous environmental drivers are still poorly understood. Here, we show that vegetation growth carryover (VGC), defined as the effect of present states of vegetation on subsequent growth, exerts strong positive impacts on seasonal vegetation growth over the Northern Hemisphere. In particular, this VGC of early growing-season vegetation growth is even stronger than past and co-occurring climate on determining peak-to-late season vegetation growth, and is the primary contributor to the recently observed annual greening trend. The effect of seasonal VGC persists into the subsequent year but not further. Current process-based ecosystem models greatly underestimate the VGC effect, and may therefore underestimate the CO2 sequestration potential of northern vegetation under future warming.
How μ-opioid receptor recognizes fentanyl
Authors: Vo Quynh N. , Mahinthichaichan Paween , Shen Jana , Ellis Christopher R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRoughly half of the drug overdose-related deaths in the United States are related to synthetic opioids represented by fentanyl which is a potent agonist of mu-opioid receptor (mOR). In recent years, X-ray crystal structures of mOR in complex with morphine derivatives have been determined; however, structural basis of mOR activation by fentanyl-like opioids remains lacking. Exploiting the X-ray structure of BU72-bound mOR and several molecular simulation techniques, we elucidated the detailed binding mechanism of fentanyl. Surprisingly, in addition to the salt-bridge binding mode common to morphinan opiates, fentanyl can move deeper and form a stable hydrogen bond with the conserved His2976.52, which has been suggested to modulate mOR’s ligand affinity and pH dependence by previous mutagenesis experiments. Intriguingly, this secondary binding mode is only accessible when His2976.52 adopts a neutral HID tautomer. Alternative binding modes may represent a general mechanism in G protein-coupled receptor-ligand recognition.
Reconciling global mean and regional sea level change in projections and observations
Authors: Wang Jinping , Church John A. , Zhang Xuebin , Chen Xianyao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe ability of climate models to simulate 20th century global mean sea level (GMSL) and regional sea-level change has been demonstrated. However, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) and Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC) sea-level projections have not been rigorously evaluated with observed GMSL and coastal sea level from a global network of tide gauges as the short overlapping period (2007–2018) and natural variability make the detection of trends and accelerations challenging. Here, we critically evaluate these projections with satellite and tide-gauge observations. The observed trends from GMSL and the regional weighted mean at tide-gauge stations confirm the projections under three Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios within 90% confidence level during 2007–2018. The central values of the observed GMSL (1993–2018) and regional weighted mean (1970–2018) accelerations are larger than projections for RCP2.6 and lie between (or even above) those for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 over 2007–2032, but are not yet statistically different from any scenario. While the confirmation of the projection trends gives us confidence in current understanding of near future sea-level change, it leaves open questions concerning late 21st century non-linear accelerations from ice-sheet contributions.