bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leakage detection in water distribution networks using hybrid feedforward artificial neural networks
Authors: Fallahi Hamideh , Jalili Ghazizadeh Mohammadreza , Aminnejad Babak , Yazdi Jafar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Water leakage control in water distribution networks (WDNs) is one of the main challenges of water utilities. The present study proposes a new method to locate a leakage in WDNs using feedforward artificial neural networks (ANNs). For this purpose, two ANNs training cases are considered. For case 1, the ANNs are trained by average daily water demand, including small to large hypothetical leakages. In case 2, the ANNs are trained by hourly water demand and variable hourly nodal leakages over 24 hours. The training parameters are determined by EPANET2.0 hydraulic simulation software using MATLAB programming language. In both cases, first, ANNs are trained using flow rates of total pipes number. Then, sensitivity analysis is performed by hybrid ANNs for the flow rates of pipes number less than the number of the total pipes. The results of proposed hybrid ANNs indicate that if at least the flow rates of 10% of the total pipes are known (using flowmeters), then the leakage locations in both cases can be determined. Despite the complexity of case 2, because of the variations of demand and leakage over the 24-hour period, the proposed method could detect the leakage location with high accuracy.
Influence of Local Site Effects on the Typological Fragility Curves for Class-Oriented Masonry Buildings in Aggregate Condition
Authors: Formisano Antonio , Chieffo Nicola , Clementi Francesco , Mosoarca Marius 
Published: May 2021

Background:
The Municipality of Baranello, located in the province of Campobasso, is considered as a reference case study for implementing a systematic procedure for the assessment of local site effects. The territory is characterised by a heterogeneous soil, made of a basal interval formed in large part by outcrops found along with the middle-basal bands of the local slopes, which is particularly sensitive to geo-hazard effects.

Aims:
The present work aims to investigate the influence of local site effects on the seismic vulnerability of an oriented- class of masonry building compounds. The historical buildings surveyed are mainly made up of rough stone masonry, particularly vulnerable to seismic phenomena. The buildings are appropriately grouped in typological classes based on the CARTIS form and then subdivided into different categories according to the EMS-98 scale based on their geometrical and structural characteristics.

Methods:
The performed vulnerability analysis is based on a vulnerability-index method conceived for buildings grouped in aggregate condition. Moreover, the expected damage scenario is properly evaluated based on a specific attenuation law to take into consideration the effect produced by a reference scenario event. Furthermore, the local site conditions have been evaluated based on a 1D half space approach in order to predict the possible increment of the expected damage due to the soil stratigraphy.

Results:
The local site conditions provide a global increment of the expected vulnerability of 33% with respect to the case in which the geo-hazard effects are neglected. In this activity framework, typological fragility curves are derived for comparing the exceeding probability thresholds for the examined building classes.

Conclusion:
The proposed research represents an important starting point for large-scale vulnerability assessment since it provides a simplified and comprehensive method for predicting seismic damage scenarios of historic center considering local site effects.
A Nurse Case Management HIV Prevention Intervention (Come As You Are) for Youth Experiencing Homelessness: Protocol for a Randomized Wait-list Controlled Trial
Authors: Santa Maria Diane , Lightfoot Marguerita , Nyamathi Adey , Businelle Michael , Paul Mary , Quadri Yasmeen , Padhye Nikhil , Jones Jennifer , Calvo Armijo Margarita 
Published: May 2021

Background
Youth experiencing homelessness are more likely than housed youth to experience premature death, suicide, drug overdose, pregnancy, substance use, and mental illness. Yet while youth experiencing homelessness are 6 to 12 times more likely to become infected with HIV than housed youth, with HIV prevalence as high as 16%, many do not access the prevention services they need. Despite adversities, youth experiencing homelessness are interested in health promotion programs, can be recruited and retained in interventions and research studies, and demonstrate improved outcomes when programs are tailored and relevant to them.

Objective
The study aims to compare the efficacy of a nurse case management HIV prevention and care intervention, titled Come As You Are, with that of usual care among youth experiencing homelessness aged 16 to 25 years.

Methods
The study is designed as a 2-armed randomized wait-list controlled trial. Participants (n=450) will be recruited and followed up for 9 months after the intervention for a total study period of 12 months. Come As You Are combines nurse case management with a smartphone-based daily ecological momentary assessment to develop participant-driven HIV prevention behavioral goals that can be monitored in real-time. Youth in the city of Houston, Texas will be recruited from drop-in centers, shelters, street outreach programs, youth-serving organizations, and clinics.

Results
Institutional review board approval (Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston) was obtained in November 2018. The first participant was enrolled in November 2019. Data collection is ongoing. To date, 123 participants have consented to participate in the study, 89 have been enrolled, and 15 have completed their final follow-up.

Conclusions
There is a paucity of HIV prevention research regarding youth experiencing homelessness. Novel and scalable interventions that address the full continuum of behavioral and biomedical HIV prevention are needed. This study will determine whether a personalized and mobile HIV prevention approach can reduce HIV risk among a hard-to-reach, transient population of youth at high risk.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/26716
Formulation and Optimization of Zolmitriptan Orodispersible Tablets
Authors: Hari Hara Nadh T.V. , Sivaram Kumar P. , Venkata Ramana M. , Rama Rao N. 
Published: May 2021

Zolmitriptan is a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor agonist reported for the acute migraine treatment, having poor water solubility leads to poor bioavailability. In the present study, attempt to improve the bioavailability of zolmitriptan with the help of PVP K-30 using the microwave irradiation method. The zolmitriptan and PVP K- 30 in 1:1 ratio was subjected to microwave irradiation for different times such as 60,80,100,120 seconds at 650 watts. Characterization of solid dispersion was done by drug content, XRD, FTIR, DSC. FTIR analysis demonstrated there are no compatibility issues. XRD studies prove that the solid dispersion was in amorphous form. DSC studies prove that solid dispersion was amorphous based on the intensity of peaks. The prepared dispersion was made into orodispersible tablets by direct compression. The optimization of these formulations was carried out by using 32 factorial designs on Design Expert 10.0 software. In order to examine the effect of independent variables Crospovidone (X1), croscarmellose sodium (X2), and combined effect of independent variables 32 factorial design was selected. In this design, two responses such as disintegration time and % drug release were evaluated, and experimental trials are performed for all 9 formulations. For all formulations, the precompression and post-compression parameters were studied. Based upon the model optimized formulation (C1 and C2) was obtained having the disintegration time (34.4±0.84 and 39.8±0.91) and %drug release (98.7±0.42 and 93.2±0.46) respectively.
Keywords: Zolmitriptan, Solid dispersion, Microwave irradiation, Crospovidone, Croscarmellose sodium.
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Ethiopian Paper Currency Notes in Wolaita Sodo, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Sivalingam Krishna Moorthy , Dola Dawit Leja 
Published: May 2021

The present study was conducted to isolate pathogenic bacteria and their antimicrobial resistance pattern from Ethiopian paper currency notes in Wolaita Sodo town. A total of 240 Ethiopian paper currency notes samples in different denominations were collected from four different sources such as market, taxi drivers, fruit sellers and hotels. All the samples were processed to isolate bacterial pathogens using standard techniques and identified by different biochemical tests. Further all identified isolates were used to know the sensitivity/resistant patterns by Bauer-Kirby method based on the zone formation. Out of 240 paper currency notes samples, 120 were showed positive with four different genus such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Shigella sp. and Salmonella sp. Among these four different genera, S. aureus were highly prevalent (20.8%) followed by E. coli (14.58%), Shigella sp. (10.81%), and Salmonella sp. (3.74%). From the selected four different sources of currency notes such as market, taxi drivers, fruit sellers and hotel, currency notes collected from market area showed the highest rate of contamination followed by taxi drivers, fruit sellers and hotel. S.s aureus, E. coli, Salmonella spp. and Shigella sp. showed resistivity varied from 70-100% against all the antibiotics. Tobramycin showed 20% effective against S. aureus, 11.5% effective against Shigella spp. and 33% effective against Salmonella spp. while E. coli showed 14% sensitivity against Metronidazole antibiotics. Therefore, the present study concludes that the Ethiopian Paper currency notes contaminated with bacterial pathogens and play significant role in the transmission of human pathogenic microorganisms.
Keywords: Prevalence, Pathogenic bacteria, Paper Currency and Antimicrobial susceptibility
Physiological changes during pregnancy: a mimic of medical disease and risk to existing ones
Authors: El-Reshaid Kamel 
Published: May 2021

During pregnancy; multiple physiological adaptations are encountered. Their aim is to protect and nurture the developing fetus and prepare the mother for labor and delivery. They are mediated by an orchestra of maternal and placental hormones. Some of these changes influence normal biochemical values while others may mimic symptoms of medical disease. It is important to differentiate between normal physiological changes and disease pathology. The present review summarizes the changes in different systems of the body and its metabolism in an attempt to assist clinicians caring for pregnant women during health and disease.
Keywords: adaptations, changes, hormones, metabolism, physiology, pregnancy.
Hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration-induced transient hypercalcemia: an unrecognized phenomenon with potential for calcium-loss and vascular calcification
Authors: El-Reshaid Kamel , Al-Bader Shaikha , El-Marzabani Salah , Ahmad Ehab 
Published: May 2021

Uremic vascular calcification is prevalent in 70-80% of end-stage kidney disease (ESRD) patients and is an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In this study we report our experience with significant transient hypercalcemia during maintenance hemodialysis (HD) in 105 patients and hemodiafiltration (HDF) in another 44 ones. The studied patients had controlled predialysis levels of calcium, phosphorus, 1, 25 vitamin D and parathyroid hormone. Treatment was associated with high dialysate calcium and low serum phosphorus without significant changes in parathyroid hormone levels. Pre-treatment with a single dose of Fosamax; resulted in amelioration of hypercalcemia indicating its bone etiology. In conclusion; maintenance HD and HDF are associated with inherent hypercalcemia which may contribute to osteomalacia and uremic vascular calcification in ESRD patients.
Keywords: Bisphosphonates, HD, HDF, hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, osteomalacia, vascular calcification, uremia.
Research article Toxicity Studies on Kushta Khabasul Hadeed (calcined iron rust) prepared by Classical and Muffle Furnace Methods
Authors: Ahmad Haqeeq , Wadud Abdul , Jahan Nasreen , Sofi Ghulamuddin , Hamiduddin , 
Published: May 2021

Background: Though a number of studies has been carried out in terms of safety of Kushta but concerns have been raised about the presence of heavy metals in Unani formulations. Classical method of preparation of KKH and other Kushta preparation in Unani system of medicine has been found to eliminate all such issues from the end product. Hence; the present study was designed to evaluate the acute and sub-acute toxicity study of KKH prepared by Classical and Muffle furnace methods.
Objective: To ascertain the safety profile of Kushta Khabasul Hadeed (KKH) prepared by classical and muffle furnace methods.
Materials and methods:
Both of the samples of KKH i.e. Kushta Khabasul Hadeed (KKHCM) and Kushta Khabasul Hadeed (KKHMFM) prepared by Classical and Muffle Furnace Methods respectively were evaluated for acute and sub-acute toxicity by OECD guidelines 423 and 407 respectively. The starting dose in the acute test was 50 mg/kg and in sub-acute test, it was 134mg, 200 mg and 400 mg/kg b.w. Effect of both of the test samples were assessed for ponderal changes, food and water intake, relative organs weights, hematological, biochemical and histopathological features of various organs.
Results: Both of the samples did not produce any sign of toxicity in acute toxicity study up to the dose level of 2000mg/kg b.w. In sub-acute toxicity study no mortality in any of the test groups was observed. KKHCM at different doses showed a slight decrease in food intake in all the test groups but significant difference (P<0.05) was observed in the test group B as compared to plain control.
Conclusion: KKHMFM was found to be relatively toxic than KKHCM at different dose levels. The study demonstrated that both the Classical and Muffle furnace methods of preparation of Kushta are useful for preparing KKH and also safe at the dose prescribed in Unani literature. However, the Kushta prepared by the classical method was found to be safer than the muffle furnace method.
Academic Stress on the Incidence of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Purnama Tedi , Sofian Rizki , Sasongko Bimo Gigih , Sabilillah Muhammad Fiqih , Miko Hadiyat , Heriyanto Yonan 
Published: May 2021

Background: Oral and dental diseases experienced by Indonesians is recurrent apthous stomatitis with a national prevalence of 8.0%. Stress can afflict children, adolescents, adults and the elderly even in a school environment, so stress can happen to anyone, anywhere. People who experience stress result in decreased concentration ability, deteriorating health, depression and sleep disorders and even dental and oral health problems, one of which is recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Objective: To determine the relationship between academic stress and the incidence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Methodology: this type of analytic observational study with cross sectional design. The research was conducted on students of the Department of Dental Health, Jakarta Health Polytechnic I. Collecting data using an observation sheet for the incidence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis and a questionnaire to determine the level of academic stress. Data analysis using Chi-Square. Results: it was found that academic stress on the incidence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis showed the p-value was 0.047 (p <0.05). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between academic stress and the incidence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis
Keywords: Academic stress, recurrent aphthous stomatitis
К вопросу о корректном задании исходной сейсмической информации
Authors: Курбацкий Евгений , Мондрус Владимир , Пестрякова Екатерина 
Published: May 2021

Излагаются и сравниваются две концепции задания ис­ходной сейсмической информации для расчёта сооружений на сейсмостойкость. Приводятся достоинства и недостатки каждой концепции. Обосновывается, что при использовании концепция динамические коэффициенты исходная сейсми­ческая информация задаётся некорректно.
Основные положения концепции динамических коэф­фициентов разрабатывались шестьдесят лет тому назад Л.И. Корчинским, когда скудная информация по землетрясе­ниям представляла собой графики ускорений, записанные на бумажных лентах или фотоплёнках.
Отметим, что после вывода графиков динамического коэффициента Л.И. Корчинский пишет: «Таким образом, полу­ченный график в, несмотря на допущенный при его построении ряд небесспорных допущений вполне характеризует динами­ческий эффект землетрясений на сооружение» [3]. При этом И.Л. Корчинский предварительно анализирует работы М.А. Био и Г.В. Хаузнера [5-7], в которых описывается эксперименталь­ное построение спектров ответов. И даже приводится спектр по проекту Калифорнийских норм, который не совсем верно называется Стандартным спектром ускорений.
В настоящее время можно получить полную информации о землетрясении, которое произошла два часа назад. Методы обработки информации и методы расчётов на сейсмические воздействия также существенно изменились.
Спектры реакций (ответов) - одна из наиболее важных, полезных и широко используемых концепций в теории и практике расчётов сооружений на сейсмостойкость. Предложенная почти сто лет назад, в настоящее время эта концепция используется во всех зарубежных нормативных документах и руководствах по расчёту сооружений на сейс­мостойкость. Известно, что количество стран, в нормативных документах которых используется эта концепция, - более пятидесяти. Следует отметить, что эта концепция используется и в документах стран - бывших республик СССР.
Объясняется почему концепция спектров ответов, ис­пользуемая в теории и практике расчётов сооружений на сейсмостойкость, является основной во всех зарубежных нормативных документах и руководствах по расчёту соору­жений на сейсмостойкость.
Излагается история появления спектров ответов и теория построения расчётных спектров ответов. Доказываются до­стоинства и преимущества концепции спектров ответов по сравнению с концепцией динамических коэффициентов при задании сейсмической информации.
Предлагается отказаться в нормах Российской Федерации от концепции динамических коэффициентов, заменив её концепцией спектров ответов.
Уточнение методики расчёта анкерных болтов в бетонном основании
Authors: Смирнов Владимир 
Published: May 2021

В настоящей работе проводится анализ работы анкерных болтов с отгибом, установленных в бетонном основании. Много­численными исследованиями и испытаниями выявлено три основных механизма разрушения указанных анкерных болтов при действии осевой растягивающей нагрузки: разрушение по металлу анкерного болта, разрушение, вызванное потерей сце­пления между телом анкерного болта и окружающим массивом бетона («проскальзывание» анкера в основании), и разрушение, вызванное откалыванием бетонного конуса, содержащего в себе анкер. При расчётах анкерных болтов следует определить предельные нагрузки для каждого из указанных видов раз­рушения с учётом диаметра и материала анкера, прочностных характеристик основания и глубины расположения анкерного болта. Актуальность рассматриваемой задачи связана с тем, что в действующем Приложении Г к СП 43.13330.2012 отсутствует методика расчёта несущей способности таких соединений по каждому из указанных механизмов разрушения, а глубина анке­ровки назначается в зависимости от диаметра анкерного болта, что в некоторых случаях приводит к существенным запасам (экономически нецелесообразно), либо попросту нереализуемо (например, при установки анкерных болтов в основание малой толщины). Кроме того, в отличие от, например, зарубежных рекомендаций для установки анкеров в готовое основание, в Приложении Г к СП 43.13330.2012 отсутствует методика учёта краевых и межосевых расстояний и её влияния на несущую способность анкерных болтов.
В связи с вышеуказанным в статье предложены методики расчёта анкерных болтов, соответствующие основным меха­низмам их разрушения при действии осевых растягивающих и сдвигающих нагрузок, а также их комбинаций.
И.В. Жолтовский - ученик Академии художеств, педагог Строгановского художественно-промышленного училища
Authors: Иванова-Веэн Лариса 
Published: May 2021

Музей истории московской архитектурной школы при МАРХИ придает большое значение периоду учёбы и педаго­гической деятельности мастеров архитектуры, среди которых особое место занимает Иван Владиславович Жолтовский. В 1940-х годах он был художественным руководителем Москов­ского архитектурного института, в связи с чем для нас важным является изучение истоков формирования его педагогическо­го мастерства. На основе собранных Музеем МАРХИ материа­лов были проведены юбилейные выставки к 125- и 150-летию со дня рождения мастера, на которых были представлены свидетельства его педагогической деятельности.
В данной публикации рассматривается период обучения Ивана Жолтовского в Императорской Академии художеств - Высшем художественном училище (1887-1898). Ранее на основе его личного дела в Академии исследователь О.С. Шуры­гина достаточно детально раскрыла период обучения. Автором публикации выявлены новые данные биографии Жолтовского этого периода: «Свидетельство о прописке», с которым он по­ступал в Академию художеств, фотопортрет и учебные работы. Особый интерес представляет впервые публикуемый здесь проект церкви, который, по мнению автора публикации, был удостоен Большой серебряной медали (1893).
В статье анализируется период преподавания И.В. Жол­товским художественных предметов в Строгановском ху­дожественно-промышленном училище в 1900-1904 годах. На основе сведений личного дела преподавателя Училища (РГАЛИ) установлено, что он был «преподавателем художе­ственных предметов» - рисования и композиции. Впервые публикуется фотография Жолтовского в мастерской (1902). На сегодняшний день это наиболее полная информация о его учебе и преподавании в дореволюционный период.
PERAN ORANG TUA DALAM MEMOTIVASI ANAK UNTUK MENGIKUTI PEMBELAJARAN E-LEARNING (ONLINE) DALAM MENINGKATKAN MINAT BACA PADA PROGRAM KESETARAAN PAKET C DI PKBM SRIKANDI
Authors: Lismayanti Mahlusi , Nurhayati Sri , Rosita Tita 
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perencanan, pelaksanaan dan hasil orang tua dalam memotivasi anak untuk mengikuti pembelajaran e-learning (online) dalam rangka meningkatkan Minat Baca pada Program Kesetaraan Paket C di PKBM Srikandi Kota Cimahi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah satu orang Guru, dan tiga orang peserta didik. Pengumpulan data yang dilakukan menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan meliputi: Pengumpulan data, Reduksi data, Penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi. Hasil penelitian ini ialah peran orang tua dalam memotivasi anak untuk mengikuti pembelajaran e-learning (online) dimulai dengan proses: 1) Perencanaan program, dimulai dari merumuskan tujuan pembelajaran yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan peserta didik, 2) pelaksanaan program yang mengacu kepada kebutuan peserta didik, terdiri dari kegiatan pendahuluan, inti, dan penutup, dan 3) Pengawasan program meliputi proses pelaksanaan monitoring, serta laporan prngawasan program. Peneliti memberikan saran: perta Pengelola dan Guru hendaknya menambah wawasan dibidang pembelajaran e-learning kepada orang tua, agar proses peran orang tua lebih optimal, kedua peserta didik hendaknya lebih mempertinggi semangat belajar agar mendapat bekal pendidikan yang memadai.