bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marked Calvarial Thickening and Dural Changes Following Chronic Ventricular Shunting for Shaken Baby Syndrome
Authors: Lucey Brendan P. , March Gary P. , Hutchins Grover M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe report the case of a 23-year-old woman who was abused at the age of 5 months. She suffered from complications frequently associated with shaken baby syndrome, such as hydrocephalus secondary to subarachnoid hemorrhage. The patient underwent a procedure to place a ventriculoperitoneal shunt 3 weeks after her presentation with signs of abuse. The ventricular shunt remained in place throughout her life, and the patient received multiple revisions. She also was noted to have a markedly thickened calvarium on both radiographs and computed tomographic scan at 6 years old. She died following an episode of grand mal status epilepticus. An autopsy was performed and her skull was found to be thickened circumferentially. Histologic examination revealed increased cancellous space with normal trabecular bone. It is hypothesized that intracranial hypotension resulting from chronic ventricular shunting lead to her thickened calvarium, a condition previously reported as hyperostosis cranii ex vacuo. Dural changes seen microscopically corroborate this hypothesis.
Lymphoepithelial Cysts of the Thyroid Gland
Authors: Carter Elliot , Ulusarac Ozlem 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We report a case of multiple lymphoepithelial cysts of the thyroid gland in a patient with severe chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. Lymphoepithelial cysts of the thyroid gland are rare lesions that are histologically similar to branchial cleft cysts found in the lateral neck. The cysts have an epithelial lining that is usually stratified squamous epithelium but may be focally respiratory-type epithelium. Abundant lymphoid tissue is present beneath the epithelium, and lymphoid follicles with reactive germinal centers are common features in the walls of the cysts. Because of their similarity to branchial cleft cysts and the presence of intrathyroidal branchiae-derived structures such as thymus and parathyroid gland tissue in the vicinity of some cysts, lymphoepithelial cysts of the thyroid have been postulated to arise from remnants of branchial derivatives; origination from solid cell nest remnants of the ultimobranchial bodies has been raised as a possibility. A definitive origin, however, has not been established. An association with chronic thyroiditis has been noted in 8 of the previously reported 16 cases occurring in a background of Hashimoto or chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis.
Telling people to “rely on their reasoning” increases intentions to wear a face covering to slow down COVID‐19 transmission
Authors: Capraro Valerio , Barcelo Hélène 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFinding messaging to promote the use of face masks is fundamental during a pandemic. Study 1 (N = 399) shows that telling people to “rely on their reasoning” increases intentions to wear a face mask, compared with telling them to “rely on their emotions.” In Study 2 (N = 591) we add a baseline. However, the results show only a non‐significant trend. Study 3 reports a well‐powered replication of Study 2 (N = 930). In line with Study 1, this study shows that telling people to “rely on their reasoning” increases intentions to wear a face mask, compared to telling them to “rely on their emotions.” Two internal meta‐analyses show that telling people to “rely on their reasoning” increases intentions to wear a face mask compared (1) to telling them to “rely on their emotions” and (2) to the baseline. These findings suggest interventions to promote intentions to wear a face mask.
Testing and transfer: Retrieval practice effects across test formats in English vocabulary learning in school
Authors: Barenberg Jonathan , Berse Timo , Reimann Laura , Dutke Stephan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe application of knowledge to new contexts (i.e., transfer) is a central aim of learning processes and has become a new focus of testing effect research. In a quasi‐experimental design, we investigated the transfer of retrieval practice effects on English vocabulary learning on eighth‐grade students (N = 182) by applying a typical testing effect study paradigm including study, initial test or restudy, and final test. The final test comprised four test formats, one identical to the initial test (non‐transfer context), and three deviating from the initial test (transfer context). Comparing testing and restudy conditions yielded a significant multivariate effect of testing across all final test formats and significant univariate effects in three of the four test formats. Comparing transfer and non‐transfer contexts revealed smaller retrieval practice effects when transfer was required. The results are discussed against the theoretical background of transfer‐appropriate‐processing, elaborative retrieval, and a distribution‐based model of retrieval.
Copper Clusters: An Effective Antibacterial for Eradicating Multidrug‐Resistant Bacterial Infection In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Zhang Xiangchun , Zhang Zhichao , Shu Qingming , Xu Chao , Zheng Qinqin , Guo Zhao , Wang Chen , Hao Zhenxia , Liu Xin , Wang Guoqing , Yan Wangjun , Chen Hongping , Lu Chengyin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInfections caused by multidrug‐resistant (MDR) bacteria pose a threat to human health worldwide, making new effective antibacterial agents urgently desired. To date, it is still a great challenge to develop new antibiotics for MDR bacteria with clear antibacterial mechanisms. Herein, a novel alternative antibacterial copper clusters (CuCs) molecule is precisely synthesized utilizing an artificially designed theanine peptide. The prepared CuCs exhibit excellent broad‐spectrum antibacterial activity in vitro, including gram‐positive bacteria (methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA], Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis) and gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The robust antibacterial effect is due to its ability to not only destroy the bacterial wall structure, but also regulate the ratio of GSH/GSSG by inhibiting the activity of glutathione reductase, thus causing the outbreak of reactive oxygen species and ultimately leading to bacterial death. In addition, in vivo studies demonstrate that CuCs can significantly rescue skin wound infections and sepsis in mice caused by MRSA, and has the same therapeutic efficacy as mupirocin ointment and first‐line clinically anchored anti‐MRSA drug vancomycin. Moreover, CuCs exhibit extremely low cytotoxicity to normal mammalian cells compared to silver and platinum clusters. With further development and optimization, CuCs has great potential as a new class of antibacterial agents to fight antibiotic‐resistant pathogens.
Hierarchically Structured Composite Fibers for Real Nanoscale Manipulation of Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Xu Weiheng , Ravichandran Dharneedar , Jambhulkar Sayli , Zhu Yuxiang , Song Kenan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCarbon nanotube (CNT)‐reinforced polymer fibers have broad applications in electrical, thermal, optical, and smart applications. The key for mechanically robust fibers is the precise microstructural control of these CNTs, including their location, dispersion, and orientation. A new methodology is presented here that combines dry‐jet‐wet spinning and forced assembly for scalable fabrication of fiber composites, consisting of alternating layers of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and CNT/PAN. The thickness of each layer is controlled during the multiplication process, with resolutions down to the nanometer scale. The introduction of alternating layers facilitates the quality of CNT dispersion due to nanoscale confinement, and at the same time, enhances their orientation due to shear stress generated at each layer interface. In a demonstration example, with 0.5 wt% CNTs loading and the inclusion of 170 nm thick layers, a composite fiber shows a significant mechanical enhancement, namely, a 46.4% increase in modulus and a 39.5% increase in strength compared to a pure PAN fiber. Beyond mechanical reinforcement, the presented fabrication method is expected to have enormous potential for scalable fabrication of polymer nanocomposites with complex structural features for versatile applications.
High‐Quality Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Film Formation for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Pengyun , Han Ning , Wang Wei , Ran Ran , Zhou Wei , Shao Zongping 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the last decade, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have undergone unprecedented rapid development and become a promising candidate for a new‐generation solar cell. Among various PSCs, typical 3D halide perovskite‐based PSCs deliver the highest efficiency but they suffer from severe instability, which restricts their practical applications. By contrast, the low‐dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) perovskite‐based PSCs have recently raised increasing attention due to their superior stability. Yet, the efficiency of RP perovskite‐based PSCs is still far from that of the 3D counterparts owing to the difficulty in fabricating high‐quality RP perovskite films. In pursuit of high‐efficiency RP perovskite‐based PSCs, it is critical to manipulate the film formation process to prepare high‐quality RP perovskite films. This review aims to provide comprehensive understanding of the high‐quality RP‐type perovskite film formation by investigating the influential factors. On this basis, several strategies to improve the RP perovskite film quality are proposed via summarizing the recent progress and efforts on the preparation of high‐quality RP perovskite film. This review will provide useful guidelines for a better understanding of the crystallization and phase kinetics during RP perovskite film formation process and the design and development of high‐performance RP perovskite‐based PSCs, promoting the commercialization of PSC technology.
Biodegradable, Efficient, and Breathable Multi‐Use Face Mask Filter
Authors: Choi Sejin , Jeon Hyeonyeol , Jang Min , Kim Hyeri , Shin Giyoung , Koo Jun Mo , Lee Minkyung , Sung Hye Kyeong , Eom Youngho , Yang Ho‐Sung , Jegal Jonggeon , Park Jeyoung , Oh Dongyeop X. , Hwang Sung Yeon 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe demand for face masks is increasing exponentially due to the coronavirus pandemic and issues associated with airborne particulate matter (PM). However, both conventional electrostatic‐ and nanosieve‐based mask filters are single‐use and are not degradable or recyclable, which creates serious waste problems. In addition, the former loses function under humid conditions, while the latter operates with a significant air‐pressure drop and suffers from relatively fast pore blockage. Herein, a biodegradable, moisture‐resistant, highly breathable, and high‐performance fibrous mask filter is developed. Briefly, two biodegradable microfiber and nanofiber mats are integrated into a Janus membrane filter and then coated by cationically charged chitosan nanowhiskers. This filter is as efficient as the commercial N95 filter and removes 98.3% of 2.5 µm PM. The nanofiber physically sieves fine PM and the microfiber provides a low pressure differential of 59 Pa, which is comfortable for human breathing. In contrast to the dramatic performance decline of the commercial N95 filter when exposed to moisture, this filter exhibits negligible performance loss and is therefore multi‐usable because the permanent dipoles of the chitosan adsorb ultrafine PM (e.g., nitrogen and sulfur oxides). Importantly, this filter completely decomposes within 4 weeks in composting soil.
A General Strategy to Boost Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction on Perovskite Oxides via the Oxygen Vacancies Derived from A‐Site Deficiency
Authors: Chu Kaibin , Liu Fuzhu , Zhu Jiawei , Fu Hui , Zhu Haiyan , Zhu Yinlong , Zhang Yu , Lai Feili , Liu Tianxi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe electrocatalytic N2 reduction reaction (NRR) under ambient conditions is an attractive strategy for green synthesis of NH3. Due to the ultra‐stable NN covalent triple bond, it is very challenging to develop highly selective and efficient electrocatalysts toward NRR. Here a general strategy to enhance the NRR activity through modulating A‐site‐deficiency‐induced oxygen vacancies of perovskite oxides is reported. One successful example is LaxFeO3−δ (LxF, x = 1, 0.95, and 0.9) perovskite oxides with tunable oxygen vacancies that are directly proportional to the La‐site deficiencies. As compared to the pristine LF, the L0.95F and L0.9F exhibit significantly improved NRR activities, which are positively correlated with the La‐site deficiency and the amount of oxygen vacancies. Among them, the L0.9F delivers the best activity, with an NH3 yield rate of 22.1 µg·h−1·mg−1cat. at −0.5 V and a Faradaic efficiency of 25.6% at −0.3 V, which are 2.2 and 1.6 times those of the pristine LF, respectively. Both experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations suggest that the enhanced NRR activity can be mainly attributed to the favorable merits produced by the oxygen vacancies: the promoted adsorption/activation of reaction species, and thus optimized reaction pathways. Application of this strategy to other perovskite oxides generates similarly successful results.
Effects of olfactory training on posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang Tianhao , Wei Yongxiang , Wu Dawei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundPosttraumatic olfactory dysfunction is a clinical challenge due to refractory characteristics and limited therapeutic options. Olfactory training has been proved to be effective for olfactory dysfunction with varied etiologies. We pooled existing studies to evaluate the effects of olfactory training in patients with posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction.MethodsA systematic literature review using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science was conducted to identify studies assessing olfactory change in patients with posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction after olfactory training.ResultsOf the initial 812 abstracts reviewed, 13 full‐text articles were included. Clinically significant results after olfactory training were defined as an improvement of threshold, discrimination, and identification (TDI) score ≥6 or University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) score ≥4. Six studies were included in the meta‐analysis, 36.31% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28 to 0.45) of posttraumatic patients would achieve clinically significant results after olfactory training with a mean increase of TDI score of 4.61.ConclusionOlfactory training might be a promising modality for the treatment of posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction. More high‐quality studies with controls are needed to clarify the effect of olfactory training on total olfactory performance and subcomponents of olfaction.
The major life events taxonomy: Social readjustment, social media information sharing, and online network separation during times of life transition
Authors: Haimson Oliver L. , Carter Albert J. , Corvite Shanley , Wheeler Brookelyn , Wang Lingbo , Liu Tianxiao , Lige Alexxus 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhen people experience major life changes, this often impacts their self‐presentation, networks, and online behavior in substantial ways. To effectively study major life transitions and events, we surveyed a large U.S. sample (n = 554) to create the Major Life Events Taxonomy, a list of 121 life events in 12 categories. We then applied this taxonomy to a second large U.S. survey sample (n = 775) to understand on average how much social readjustment each event required, how likely each event was to be shared on social media with different types of audiences, and how much online network separation each involved. We found that social readjustment is positively correlated with sharing on social media, with both broad audiences and close ties as well as in online spaces separate from one's network of known ties. Some life transitions involve high levels of sharing with both separate audiences and broad audiences on social media, providing evidence for what previous research has called social media as social transition machinery. Researchers can use the Major Life Events Taxonomy to examine how people's life transition experiences relate to their behaviors, technology use, and health and well‐being outcomes.
Querkrafttragfähigkeit von Stahlbetondecken mit integrierten Hohlräumen unter Längszug
Authors: Eilers Stephan , Albert Andrej , Schnell Jürgen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractZur Realisierung von schlanken, weit gespannten Deckensystemen im Hochbau werden zunehmend zweiachsig gespannte Hohlkörperdecken eingesetzt. Bei dieser Bauweise sind die Deckenquerschnitte im Vergleich zu massiven Stahlbetondecken planmäßig geschwächt. Gleichermaßen gilt dies für Stahlbetondecken, die als Installationsebene für Gebäudetechnik genutzt werden. In beiden Fällen führen die integrierten Hohlräume zu einer Minderung der Querkrafttragfähigkeit von nicht querkraftbewehrten Stahlbetondecken. An der TU Kaiserslautern wurde in den vergangenen Jahren die Querkrafttragfähigkeit von Stahlbetondecken mit integrierten Leitungen eingehend erforscht. Die entwickelten Bemessungskonzepte stehen der Baupraxis mit den nationalen Erläuterungen zu EC2 [1] zur Verfügung. Der Einfluss von Längszug auf die Querkrafttragfähigkeit von Stahlbetondecken mit integrierten Hohlräumen ist jedoch weitgehend unbekannt. Aus diesem Grund wurde in einem Kooperationsprojekt zwischen der TU Kaiserlautern und der HS Bochum mithilfe von experimentellen Untersuchungen und numerischen Berechnungen das Querkraftversagen dieser Bauteile erforscht und es wurden Bemessungsvorschläge für die Praxis abgeleitet. Die Versuchsergebnisse zeigen den erwartungsgemäß ungünstigen Einfluss von Längszug auf die Querkrafttragfähigkeit massiver Stahlbetondecken. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigt sich bei Stahlbetondecken mit integrierten Hohlräumen ein deutlich geringerer ungünstiger Einfluss von Längszug auf die Querkrafttragfähigkeit. Die Forschungsinhalte geben Aufschluss über das Tragverhalten geschwächter Stahlbetonbauteile unter Längszug infolge einer direkten Einwirkung. Auf Grundlage der Ergebnisse wurde das bestehende Konzept nach [1] für die Bemessung der Querkrafttragfähigkeit von Stahlbetonbauteilen mit integrierten Hohlräumen unter Längszug erweitert. Das Forschungsprojekt wurde durch das Bundesinstitut für Bau‐, Stadt‐ und Raumforschung (BBSR) mit Mitteln der Forschungsinitiative Zukunft Bau finanziell gefördert [2].
Generalized neurocognitive impairment in individuals at ultra‐high risk for psychosis: The possible key role of slowed processing speed
Authors: Randers Lasse , Jepsen Jens Richardt Møllegaard , Fagerlund Birgitte , Nordholm Dorte , Krakauer Kristine , Hjorthøj Carsten , Glenthøj Birte , Nordentoft Merete 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveWidespread neurocognitive impairment is well‐established in individuals at ultra‐high risk (UHR) for developing psychoses, but it is unknown whether slowed processing speed may underlie impairment in other neurocognitive domains, as found in schizophrenia. The study delineated domain functioning in a UHR sample and examined if neurocognitive slowing might account for deficits across domains.MethodsThe cross‐sectional study included 50 UHR individuals with no (n = 38) or minimal antipsychotic exposure (n = 12; mean lifetime dose of haloperidol equivalent = 17.56 mg; SD = 13.04) and 50 matched healthy controls. Primary analyses compared group performance across neurocognitive domains before and after covarying for processing speed. To examine the specificity of processing speed effects, post hoc analyses examined the impact of the other neurocognitive domains and intelligence as covariates.ResultsUHR individuals exhibited significant impairment across all neurocognitive domains (all ps ≤ .010), with medium to large effect sizes (Cohen's ds = −0.53 to −1.12). Only processing speed used as covariate eliminated significant between‐group differences in all other domains, reducing unadjusted Cohen's d values with 68% on average, whereas the other domains used as covariates averagely reduced unadjusted Cohen's d values with 20% to 48%. When covarying each of the other domains after their shared variance with speed of processing was removed, all significant between‐group domain differences remained (all ps ≤ .024).ConclusionSlowed processing speed may underlie generalized neurocognitive impairment in UHR individuals and represent a potential intervention target.
Brain region volumes and their relationship with disability progression and cognitive function in primary progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Pérez‐Miralles Francisco Carlos , Prefasi Daniel , García‐Merino Antonio , Ara José Ramón , Izquierdo Guillermo , Meca‐Lallana Virginia , Gascón‐Giménez Francisco , Martínez‐Ginés María Luisa , Ramió‐Torrentà Lluis , Costa‐Frossard Lucienne , Fernández Óscar , Moreno‐García Sara , Maurino Jorge , Carreres‐Polo Joan , Casanova Bonaventura 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeEvidence on regional changes resulting from neurodegenerative processes underlying primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) is still limited. We assessed brain region volumes and their relationship with disability progression and cognitive function in PPMS patients.MethodsThis was an MRI analysis of 43 patients from the prospective Understanding Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (UPPMS) cohort study. MRI scans were performed within 3 months before enrollment and at month 12.ResultsGray matter volume of declive and white matter volumes adjacent to left straight gyrus, right calcarine sulcus, and right inferior occipital gyrus significantly decreased from baseline to month 12. Baseline white matter volumes adjacent to right amygdala and left cuneus significantly differed between patients with and without disability progression, as well as baseline gray matter volumes of left cuneus, right parahippocampal gyrus, right insula, left superior frontal gyrus, declive, right inferior temporal gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus (pole), and right calcarine sulcus. Baseline gray matter volumes of right cuneus and right superior temporal gyrus positively correlated with 12‐month Selective Reminding Test and Word List Generation performance, respectively. Gray matter changes in right superior semilunar lobe and white matter adjacent to left declive and right cerebellar tonsil also positively correlated with Word List Generation scores, while white matter change in left inferior semilunar lobe positively correlated with Symbol Digit Modalities Test performance after 12 months.ConclusionsWhite and gray matter volumes of specific brain regions could predict disability progression and cognitive performance of PPMS patients after one year.
Pulmonary involvement in brucellosis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Abdollahi Maryam , Javadi Vadood , Shiari Reza , Rahmani Khosro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlthough pulmonary involvement is rare in brucellosis it should be considered as a causative agent in patients with prolonged fever and arthritis. Also, it should be presented with manifestations resembling systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
Successful treatment of T/myeloid mixed‐phenotype acute leukemia with the translocation (10;11)(p13;q14) PICALM/AF10 with 3 + 7 myeloid standard treatment: A case report
Authors: Krzisch Daphné , Zduniak Alexandra , Veresezan Elena‐Liana , Daliphard Sylvie , Contentin Nathalie , Penther Dominique , Etancelin Pascaline , Jardin Fabrice , Camus Vincent 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe translocation PICALM/AF10 is described in multilineage diseases. We report a patient with PICALM/AF10 T/myeloid mixed‐phenotype acute leukemia who achieved durable complete remission after AML‐like treatment suggesting a myeloid origin.