bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-Polygenic Analysis of Nicotine Dependence in Individuals of European Ancestry
Authors: Risner Victoria A , Benca-Bachman Chelsie E , Bertin Lauren , Smith Alicia K , Kaprio Jaakko , McGeary John E , Chesler Elissa , Knopik Valerie S , Friedman Naomi P , Palmer Rohan H C 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Heritability estimates of nicotine dependence (ND) range from 40% to 70%, but discovery GWAS of ND are underpowered and have limited predictive utility. In this work, we leverage genetically correlated traits and diseases to increase the accuracy of polygenic risk prediction.

Methods
We employed a multi-trait model using summary statistic-based best linear unbiased predictors (SBLUP) of genetic correlates of DSM-IV diagnosis of ND in 6394 individuals of European Ancestry (prevalence = 45.3%, %female = 46.8%, µ age = 40.08 [s.d. = 10.43]) and 3061 individuals from a nationally-representative sample with Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence symptom count (FTND; 51.32% female, mean age = 28.9 [s.d. = 1.70]). Polygenic predictors were derived from GWASs known to be phenotypically and genetically correlated with ND (i.e., Cigarettes per Day [CPD], the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT-Consumption and AUDIT-Problems], Neuroticism, Depression, Schizophrenia, Educational Attainment, Body Mass Index [BMI], and Self-Perceived Risk-Taking); including Height as a negative control. Analyses controlled for age, gender, study site, and the first 10 ancestral principal components.

Results
The multi-trait model accounted for 3.6% of the total trait variance in DSM-IV ND. Educational Attainment (β = –0.125; 95% CI: [–0.149,–0.101]), CPD (0.071 [0.047,0.095]), and Self-Perceived Risk-Taking (0.051 [0.026,0.075]) were the most robust predictors. PGS effects on FTND were limited.

Conclusions
Risk for ND is not only polygenic, but also pleiotropic. Polygenic effects on ND that are accessible by these traits are limited in size and act additively to explain risk.

Implications
These findings enhance our understanding of inherited genetic factors for nicotine dependence. The data show that genome-wide association study (GWAS) findings across pre- and comorbid conditions of smoking are differentially associated with nicotine dependence and that when combined explain significantly more trait variance. These findings underscore the utility of multivariate approaches to understand the validity of polygenic scores for nicotine dependence, especially as the power of GWAS of broadly-defined smoking behaviors increases. Realizing the potential of GWAS to inform complex smoking behaviors will require similar theory-driven models that reflect the myriad of mechanisms that drive individual differences.
The Relationship Between Hepatitis C Virus Rates and Office-Based Buprenorphine Access in Ohio
Authors: Brook Daniel L , Hetrick Angela T , Chettri Shibani R , Schalkoff Christine A , Sibley Adams L , Lancaster Kathryn E , Go Vivian F , Miller William C , Kline David M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
The United States is experiencing an epidemic of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections due to injection drug use, primarily of opioids and predominantly in rural areas. Buprenorphine, a medication for opioid use disorder, may indirectly prevent HCV transmission. We assessed the relationship of HCV rates and office-based buprenorphine prescribing in Ohio.

Methods
We conducted an ecological study of the county-level (n = 88) relationship between HCV case rates and office-based buprenorphine prescribing in Ohio. We fit adjusted negative binomial models between the county-level acute and total HCV incidence rates during 2013–2017 and 1) the number of patients in each county that could be served by office-based buprenorphine (prescribing capacity) and 2) the number served by office-based buprenorphine (prescribing frequency) from January–March, 2018.

Results
For each 10% increase in acute HCV rate, office-based buprenorphine prescribing capacity differed by 1% (95% CI: –1%, 3%). For each 10% increase in total HCV rate, office-based buprenorphine prescribing capacity was 12% (95% CI: 7%, 17%) higher. For each 10% increase in acute HCV rate, office-based buprenorphine prescribing frequency was 1% (95% CI: –1%, 3%) higher. For each 10% increase in total HCV rate, office-based buprenorphine prescribing frequency was 14% (95% CI: 7%, 20%) higher.

Conclusions
Rural counties in Ohio have less office-based buprenorphine and higher acute HCV rates versus urban counties, but a similar relationship between office-based buprenorphine prescribing and HCV case rates. To adequately prevent and control HCV rates, certain rural counties may need more office-based buprenorphine prescribing in areas with high HCV case rates.
WRKY53 integrates classic brassinosteroid signaling and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway to regulate rice architecture and seed size
Authors: Tian Xiaojie , He Mingliang , Mei Enyang , Zhang Baowen , Tang Jiaqi , Xu Min , Liu Jiali , Li Xiufeng , Wang Zhenyu , Tang Wenqiang , Guan Qingjie , Bu Qingyun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In rice (Oryza sativa) and other plants, plant architecture and seed size are closely related to yield. Brassinosteroid (BR) signaling and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway (MAPK kinase kinase 10 [MAPKKK10]–MAPK kinase 4 [MAPKK4]–MAPK6) are two major regulatory pathways that control rice architecture and seed size. However, their possible relationship and crosstalk remain elusive. Here, we show that WRKY53 mediated the crosstalk between BR signaling and the MAPK pathway. Biochemical and genetic assays demonstrated that glycogen synthase kinase-2 (GSK2) phosphorylates WRKY53 and lowers its stability, indicating that WRKY53 is a substrate of GSK2 in BR signaling. WRKY53 interacted with BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1(BZR1); they function synergistically to regulate BR-related developmental processes. We also provide genetic evidence showing that WRKY53 functions in a common pathway with the MAPKKK10–MAPKK4–MAPK6 cascade in leaf angle and seed size control, suggesting that WRKY53 is a direct substrate of this pathway. Moreover, GSK2 phosphorylated MAPKK4 to suppress MAPK6 activity, suggesting that GSK2-mediated BR signaling might also regulated MAPK pathway. Together, our results revealed a critical role for WRKY53 and uncovered sophisticated levels of interplay between BR signaling and the MAPK pathway in regulating rice architecture and seed size.
Revisiting non-Gaussianity in non-attractor inflation models in the light of the cosmological soft theorem
Authors: Suyama Teruaki , Tada Yuichiro , Yamaguchi Masahide 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We revisit the squeezed-limit non-Gaussianity in the single-field non-attractor inflation models from the viewpoint of the cosmological soft theorem. In the single-field attractor models, inflaton’s trajectories with different initial conditions effectively converge into a single trajectory in the phase space, and hence there is only one clock degree of freedom (DoF) in the scalar part. Its long-wavelength perturbations can be absorbed into the local coordinate renormalization and lead to the so-called consistency relation between n- and (n + 1)-point functions. On the other hand, if the inflaton dynamics deviates from the attractor behavior, its long-wavelength perturbations cannot necessarily be absorbed and the consistency relation is expected not to hold any longer. In this work, we derive a formula for the squeezed bispectrum including the explicit correction to the consistency relation, as a proof of its violation in the non-attractor cases. First one must recall that non-attractor inflation needs to be followed by attractor inflation in a realistic case. Then, even if a specific non-attractor phase is effectively governed by a single DoF of phase space (represented by the exact ultra-slow-roll limit) and followed by a single-DoF attractor phase, its transition phase necessarily involves two DoF in dynamics and hence its long-wavelength perturbations cannot be absorbed into the local coordinate renormalization. Thus, it can affect local physics, even taking account of the so-called local observer effect, as shown by the fact that the bispectrum in the squeezed limit can go beyond the consistency relation. More concretely, the observed squeezed bispectrum does not vanish in general for long-wavelength perturbations exiting the horizon during a non-attractor phase.
What Information Drives Asset Prices?
Authors: Ghosh Anisha , Constantinides George M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We contribute to identifying proxies for the information set of investors in financial markets. We show that the marketwide price-dividend ratio highly correlates with inflation and labor market variables that also forecast consumption, dividend, and GDP growth, but not with aggregate consumption or GDP growth. Our model with learning from inflation and wage earnings rationalizes the moments of consumption and dividend growth, market return, the price-dividend ratio, real and nominal term structures, the low predictive power of the price-dividend ratio for consumption and dividends, and the dynamics of the price-dividend ratio, unlike a nested model with learning from consumption alone. (JEL E3, G12, G14)
Contractual Restrictions and Debt Traps
Authors: Liu Ernest , Roth Benjamin N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Microcredit and other forms of small-scale finance have failed to catalyze entrepreneurship in developing countries. In these credit markets, borrowers and lenders often bargain over not only the interest rate but also implicit restrictions on types of investment. We build a dynamic model of informal lending and show this may lead to endogenous debt traps. Lenders constrain business growth for poor borrowers, yet richer borrowers may grow their businesses faster than they could have without credit. The theory offers nuanced comparative statics and rationalizes the low average impact and low demand of microfinance, despite its high impact on larger businesses.
Retrospective Study of the Distal Biceps Tendon Repair Using “All-suture” Soft Anchors
Authors: Metikala Sreenivasulu , Saleh Zena , Bader Dov A. , Sebastianelli Wayne J. , Sherbondy Paul S. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Distal biceps repair is commonly performed using various fixation devices, each having its advantages and drawbacks. All-suture soft anchor (ASSA) is a recent device mitigating some of the issues associated with previous devices.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective study including 20 patients (21 ruptures) aims to evaluate the safety and functionality of ASSA by modified tension-slide technique. All operations were performed through a single-incision anterior approach using two 2.9 mm anchors. All but 1 were men with a mean age of 50.5 years. The mean duration from injury to surgery was 14 days.

Results:
At a mean follow-up of 11.8 months, compared with contralateral extremity, 18 (86%) of 21 regained full biceps strength with 5/5 flexion-supination power, while 3 displayed 4/5 power. All, except 1, returned to the previous level of function at an average of 24 weeks. As per the modified Mayo Elbow Performance Index, 18 (86%) achieved excellent and 3 (14%) had good results. Complications included lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve palsy in 12 (resolved in 10), superficial radial nerve palsy in 1 (resolved), and heterotopic ossification in 1. No device-related complications or reruptures were noted.

Conclusion:
Primary repair of distal biceps tendon ruptures through the use of the ASSA is a viable option, which in conjunction with the proposed modification of tension-slide suture fixation technique yields clinically objective and functional results.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—therapeutic.
Adapting Physical Therapy Management of Patients With COVID-19 in the Acute Care Setting: A Clinical Perspective
Authors: Bitzer Grant D. , Green Karlyn , Christopherson Ricki , Fogleman Sabrina , Dorn Sara , Medlin Thomas R. , Eustis Heather 
Published: May 2021

Purpose:
Using emerging evidence and information pertaining to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, a team of physical therapists (PTs) and occupational therapists (OTs) at the Duke University Hospital (DUH) created a screening algorithm to guide PT/OT evaluation readiness and treatment decisions. This article aims to discuss factors that were considered in the initial development of therapy guidelines and, in so doing, emphasizes the need for ongoing analysis of such screening algorithms and treatment guidelines as evidence continues to emerge.

Summary of Key Points:
The interdisciplinary team, leveraging their collective experience combined with the updated literature, changed the initial medical management for patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As a result, the screening algorithm was adapted to reflect evolving evidence-based practices. This facilitated earlier and more skillful PT intervention as well as continued PT involvement in the treatment process throughout the course of the patients' stay in the hospital.

Conclusions:
To guide clinical decisions regarding medical stability of patients and appropriate timing for PT intervention, the therapists at DUH considered factors including defining and identifying stages of disease severity, assessment of laboratory values, and monitoring oxygen stability. Beyond medical complexity, mobility was limited by several additional isolation barriers which presented challenges for PTs, nursing staff, and the patient.
Translation and Cultural Adaptation of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) Worldwide: A Scoping Review
Authors: Rousseau Michel , Dionne Carmen , Savard Roselyne T. , Schonhaut Luisa , Londono Maria 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
This scoping review aims to provide a data mapping and narrative synthesis of the available peer-reviewed scientific literature on the translation and cultural adaptation processes relative to the Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) as reported by the authors. It also seeks to paint an overall portrait of the implementation of the translated and culturally adapted ASQ worldwide.

Methods:
Articles published between 1995 and May 11, 2018, were identified via systematic searches of peer-reviewed literature carried out using CINAHL, Scopus, MEDLINE, Education Source, PsycINFO, and ERIC. The articles included in the qualitative synthesis were coded based on an extraction form developed for the study.

Results:
In the 46 articles surveyed, 37 different cultural adaptations were identified in 29 languages and 27 countries. Translations were included in 33 cultural adaptations, and language modifications were reported in 18 adaptations. The forward-backward translation method was reported in 25 cases. The authors declared having made cultural content, language, visual, and/or conceptual modifications in 26 adaptations. Cultural content modifications were reported in 24 adaptations. At least one method (pilot study, individual interview, survey or focus group with respondents) was reported in 24 adaptations.

Conclusion:
Cultural modifications were relatively minor and were, in general, made to establish equivalence with the source version. As well, the processes used to translate and culturally adapt the ASQ varied widely based on the types of methods. Additional work should be conducted to document the process of this crucial phase.
Colorectal Cancer Screening and Postpolypectomy Surveillance
Authors: Affi Koprowski Marina , Lu Kim C. 
Published: May 2021

CASE SUMMARY:
A healthy 52-year-old woman without any family history presents for a health maintenance appointment and opts for a fecal immunochemical test for colorectal cancer screening after reviewing her options. After a positive result, she is referred for colonoscopy. She is found to have 3 small (<10 mm) polyps that are completely resected via snare polypectomy and return as tubular adenomas on histologic examination. It is recommended that she return for repeat colonoscopy in 3 years, at which point she has a normal examination with excellent preparation by an experienced endoscopist and is given the option to return to her average-risk screening interval.
Inclisiran: A Novel Agent for Lowering Apolipoprotein B–containing Lipoproteins
Authors: Warden Bruce A. , Duell Paul Barton 
Published: May 2021

Abstract:
Hypercholesterolemia is a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Accordingly, efforts to lower apolipoprotein B–containing lipoproteins in plasma are the centerpiece of strategies for cardiovascular prevention and treatment in primary and secondary management. Despite the importance of this endeavor, many patients do not achieve appropriate low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) goals, even among those who have experienced atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The development of new LDL-C-lowering medications with alternative mechanisms of action will facilitate improved goal achievement in high-risk patients. Inclisiran is a novel small interfering RNA–based drug that is experimental in the United States and approved for clinical use in the European Union. It lowers LDL-C and other apolipoprotein B–containing lipoproteins by reducing production of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin Type 9 (PCSK9), a protein that normally contributes to LDL-receptor degradation, thereby increasing LDL-receptor density and recycling in hepatocytes. Although the lipid-lowering efficacy of inclisiran is comparable with results achieved with PCSK9-blocking monoclonal antibodies (alirocumab and evolocumab), there are several important differences between the 2 drug classes. First, inclisiran reduces levels of PCSK9 both intracellularly and extracellularly by blocking translation of and degrading PCSK9 messenger RNA. Second, the long biological half-life of inclisiran produces sustained LDL-C lowering with twice yearly dosing. Third, although PCSK9-blocking monoclonal antibodies drugs are proven to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events, clinical outcomes trials with inclisiran are still in progress. In this article, we review the clinical development of inclisiran, its mechanism of action, lipid-lowering efficacy, safety and tolerability, and potential clinical role of this promising new agent.
Circ_CHFR Promotes Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB–Induced Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via the miR-149-5p/NRP2 Axis
Authors: Wang Meixue , Li Chengliang , Cai Tianzhi , Zhang Anji , Cao Jinlong , Xin Hong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract:
Circular RNA checkpoint with forkhead and ring finger domains (circ_CHFR) were reported to regulate vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysfunction during atherosclerosis (AS). However, the molecule mechanism of circ_CHFR in AS remains largely unclear. Human VSMCs (HVSMCs) were exposed to platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) in vitro. Levels of circ_CHFR, microRNA (miR)-149-5p, and neuropilin 2 (NRP2) were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were analyzed using cell counting kit-8, colony formation, flow cytometry, wound healing, and transwell assays. The binding interaction between miR-149-5p and circ_CHFR or NRP2 was investigated using the dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Circ_CHFR was elevated in PDGF-BB–induced HVSMCs in a dose-independent manner. Silencing of circ_CHFR reversed PDGF-BB–evoked promotion of cell proliferation, migration and invasion, as well as suppression of cell apoptosis in HVSMCs. Mechanistically, circ_CHFR directly bound to miR-149-5p, and miR-149-5p inhibition attenuated the effects of circ_CHFR knockdown on PDGF-BB–induced HVSMCs. Besides, NRP2 was confirmed to be a target of miR-149-5p, and circ_CHFR could regulate NRP2 expression through sponging miR-149-5p. Moreover, miR-149-5p overexpression abolished PDGF-BB–triggered enhancement of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by targeting NRP2. Circ_CHFR promoted the proliferation, invasion, and migration of PDGF-BB–induced HVSMCs through miR-149-5p/NRP2 axis, providing a new insight into the pathogenesis of AS and a potential therapeutic target for AS treatment.
Comparison of Lean Mass in Women With and Without Heart Disease
Authors: Graham Helen L. , Benton Melissa J. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose:
This proof-of-concept study compared lean mass (LM) between women with heart disease (HD) and without HD.

Methods:
Fifty-six community-dwelling women were pair-matched by age. Heart disease was defined using criteria from the US Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Body composition was measured using multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. Relative LM was calculated against height (kg/m2) as the lean mass index (LMI). Sarcopenia was defined as an LMI <15.0 kg/m2. Strength was measured with a handgrip dynamometer, arm curl test, and chair stand test.

Results:
Those with HD had significantly less absolute (38.2 ± 0.8 vs 43.5 ± 1.0 kg; P < .001) and relative (15.3 ± 0.3 vs 16.2 ± 0.3 kg/m2, P = .015) LM compared with those without HD. Body mass was significantly greater for those without HD (76.1 ± 2.1 vs 68.4 ± 2.1 kg; P = .013) and there were no differences in fat mass. Upper body strength was significantly less and lower body strength was diminished but not significantly different in those with HD compared to those without HD (handgrip: P = .016; arm curl: P < .001; chair stand: P = .066).

Conclusions:
In this group of community-dwelling women, those who reported a diagnosis of HD had significantly less LM than those without HD. Although neither group was classified as sarcopenic, women with HD were at greater risk due to lower relative LM. Based on our findings, during cardiac rehabilitation clinicians should counsel women regarding resistance exercise for maintenance of LM in addition to strength.
An Open Trial of the Effectiveness, Program Usage, and User Experience of Internet-based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Mixed Anxiety and Depression for Healthcare Workers on Disability Leave
Authors: Miki Andrew , Lau Mark A. , Moradian Hoora 
Published: May 2021

Objective:
An open trial of an internet-based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (iCBT) program for healthcare workers was conducted.

Methods:
Healthcare workers on disability leave who used the iCBT program were assessed on: self-reported depression and anxiety symptoms using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21; and, program usage. Healthcare workers’ experience of using iCBT was evaluated in a separate survey.

Results:
Of the 497 healthcare workers referred to the iCBT program, 51% logged in, 25% logged in more than once, and 12% logged in more than once and completed at least two assessments. For the latter group, self-reported depression and anxiety symptoms significantly decreased from the first assessment.

Conclusions:
This iCBT program was perceived to be of benefit to healthcare workers, with program usage and effectiveness that was similar to what has been previously reported for unguided iCBT.