bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MR spectroscopy and diffusion imaging in people with human immunodeficiency virus: Relationships to clinical and immunologic findings
Authors: Morgello Susan , Buyukturkoglu Korhan , Murray Jacinta , Veenstra Mike , Berman Joan W. , Byrd Desiree , Inglese Matilde 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTBackground and purposePeople with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH) present a complex array of immunologic and medical disorders that impact brain structure and metabolism, complicating the interpretation of neuroimaging. This pilot study of well‐characterized multi‐morbid PWH examined how medical and immunologic factors predicted brain characteristics on proton MR spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI).MethodsEighteen individuals on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), with mean age of 56 years, underwent medical history review, neuroimaging, and on the day of imaging, blood draw for assay of 20 plasma cytokines and flow cytometric characterization of peripheral blood mononuclear cell subsets. Predictors of n‐acetyl aspartate, choline, myoinositol, glutamate/glutamine, fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity were identified through bivariate correlation; those significant at p < .1000 were advanced to multivariate analysis, with models created for each neuroimaging outcome.ResultsMonocyte subsets and diverse cytokines accounted for 16 of 25 (64%) variables predicting 1H‐MRS spectra in frontal gray and white matter and basal ganglia; monocyte subsets did not predict any DWI characteristic. In contrast, age, presence of hypertension, and duration of HIV infection accounted for 13 of 25 (52%) variables predicting diffusion characteristics in the corpus callosum, thalamic radiations, and basal ganglia but only 3 of 25 (12%) predictors of 1H‐MRS features.Conclusions1H‐MRS neurometabolites were most often predicted by immunologic factors sensitive to temporal variation, whereas DWI metrics were more often related to longer‐term disease state. In multi‐morbid cART‐era populations, selection and interpretation of neuroimaging modalities should account for complex temporal and pathogenetic influences of immunologic abnormality, disease state, and aging.
How to get away with liver innate immunity? A viruses’ tale
Authors: Delphin Marion , Desmares Manon , Schuehle Svenja , Heikenwalder Mathias , Durantel David , Faure‐Dupuy Suzanne 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn their never‐ending quest towards persistence within their host, hepatitis viruses have developed numerous ways to counteract the liver innate immunity. This review highlights the different and common mechanisms employed by these viruses to (i) establish in the liver (passive entry or active evasion from immune recognition) and (ii) actively inhibit the innate immune response (ie modulation of pattern recognition receptor expression and/or signalling pathways, modulation of interferon response and modulation of immune cells count or phenotype).
Higher dietary insulinaemic potential is associated with increased risk of liver steatosis and fibrosis
Authors: Zhu Yu , Peng Zhaohong , Lu Yao , Li Hairong , Zeng Xufen , Zhang Zhuang , Li Xiude , Hu Chunqiu , Hu Anla , Zhao Qihong , Wang Hua , Yang Wanshui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsHyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance play a central role in the progression of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, and diet can modulate insulin response. We thus hypothesised that diet with higher insulinaemic potential is associated with an increased risk of these conditions.MethodsTwo empirically dietary indices for hyperinsulinaemia (EDIH) and insulin resistance (EDIR) were derived to identify food groups most predictive of fasting concentrations of C‐peptide and insulin and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance respectively. Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis were defined by controlled attenuation parameter and liver stiffness measurement using transient elastography (TE). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by logistic regression.ResultsOf the 4171 participants with TE examination, 1436 (age‐standardised prevalence, 33.8%) were diagnosed with steatosis, 255 (5.6%) with advanced fibrosis and 101 (2.2%) with cirrhosis. The multivariable‐adjusted ORs for participants comparing the highest to the lowest EDIH tertile were 1.17 (95% CI: 0.99‐1.39, Ptrend = .005) for steatosis, 1.74 (95% CI: 1.24‐2.44, Ptrend = .001) for advanced fibrosis and 2.05 (95% CI: 1.21‐3.46, Ptrend = .004) for cirrhosis. Similar associations were observed for EDIR with ORs of 1.32 (95% CI: 1.11‐1.55, Ptrend < .001) for steatosis and 1.43 (95% CI: 1.03‐1.99, Ptrend = .006) for advance fibrosis. These positive associations remained among never drinkers and individuals who were free of hepatitis B and/or C.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance may partially underlie the influence of diet on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, and highlight the importance of reducing or avoiding insulinaemic dietary pattern.
Twinfilin regulates actin assembly and Hexagonal peroxisome 1 (Hex1) localization in the pathogenesis of rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Xu Rui , Li Yuan‐Bao , Liu Chengyu , Shen Ningning , Zhang Qian , Cao Tingyan , Qin Minghui , Han Li‐Bo , Tang Dingzhong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractActin assembly at the hyphal tip is key for polar growth and pathogenesis of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. The mechanism of its precise assemblies and biological functions is not understood. Here, we characterized the role of M. oryzae Twinfilin (MoTwf) in M. oryzae infection through organizing the actin cables that connect to Spitzenkörper (Spk) at the hyphal tip. MoTwf could bind and bundle the actin filaments. It formed a complex with Myosin2 (MoMyo2) and the Woronin body protein Hexagonal peroxisome 1 (MoHex1). Enrichment of MoMyo2 and MoHex1 in the hyphal apical region was disrupted in a ΔMotwf loss‐of‐function mutant, which also showed a decrease in the number and width of actin cables. These findings indicate that MoTwf participates in the virulence of M. oryzae by organizing Spk‐connected actin filaments and regulating MoHex1 distribution at the hyphal tip.
Sialendoscopy‐assisted combined approach for parotid sialolithotomy: Our long‐term experience
Authors: Xie Lisong , Wang Zhijun , Shi Huan , Yu Chuangqi , Zheng Lingyan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the long‐term outcome of sialendoscopy‐assisted combined approach for parotid sialolithotomy with gland preservation.Patients and MethodsA retrospective study of patients treated with a combined sialendoscopic and open approach was conducted between 2011 and 2020. Demographic data of patients such as operative technique, stone size, stone location, complications, and symptom relief were collected. Patients were followed up via clinical examination and questionnaires.ResultsSeventy‐four patients were included and underwent endoscopy‐assisted combined operations for the removal of 98 parotid stones. Of the 98 stones, 92(94%) stones were completely removed and 6(6%) were partially removed. At a mean follow‐up of 47.1 ± 35 months, 65 of 74 patients (88%) achieved long‐term success. Patients with stone incomplete removal were significantly more often to develop the recurrence of obstructive symptoms (p = 0.000) There were no cases of facial nerve injury or fistula formation. Gland function was preserved in 73 of 74 patients (99%).ConclusionsThe combined approach for parotid stones is a safe and gland‐preserving alternative to parotidectomy. The techniques described here show high success rates and good long‐term results, and they avoided the need for gland resection in >95% of cases.
Highly Efficient Flower‐Like Graphene Quantum Dots‐Based Fuschin Photocatalyst for Selective NAD(P)H Cofactor Regeneration Under Solar Light Irradiation
Authors: Singh Anjita , Yadav Rajesh K. , Yadav Upasana , Kim Tae Wu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo meet the energy demands artificial photosynthesis is playing the most promising role these days. Using sunlight directly in a manner that can provide useful chemicals is a sustainable means of generating energy. Studies are going on in this context to make better and effective photocatalyst. In this paper, we study the synthesis of flower‐like graphene quantum dots‐based fuschin (GQDF) photocatalyst from lemon, which is created by a green and sustainable process that is effective and environment friendly. The UV‐visible spectra of prepared GQDF showed a high molar extinction coefficient. A flower‐like GQDF photocatalyst has better catalytic efficiency for the selective creation and regeneration of the NAD(P)H cofactor. A newly designed flower‐like GQDF photocatalyst is used as one of its most effective photocatalysts as they have several additional applications in the removal of CO2 and aqueous contaminants like heavy metals.
Characteristics and Consequences of Having a Political Reputation in Class
Authors: Stattin Håkan , Russo Silvia , Arensmeier Cecilia 
Published: September 2021

The study examined the individual characteristics and consequences of psychological group processes that may lead some students to gain a reputation for being politically knowledgeable and verbal in class (a political reputation). Two normal samples of Swedish students were used, 13‐year‐olds (N = 835) and 16‐year‐olds (N = 795). Longitudinal data over one year were analyzed and showed that youths' political reputation in class is established very early. Cross‐sectional predictions showed that political interest predicted political reputation in class positively, and social fear predicted political reputation negatively in both cohorts. In addition, having a political reputation predicted increased political interest and political efficacy over one year. Further, mediation analyses showed that youths' political predispositions, their political interest and political efficacy at T1, significantly operated on interest and efficacy at T2 via the political reputation. This suggests that political reputation partly functions as a booster of youths' initial political predispositions over time. Future research is needed into the long‐term consequences of having a political reputation.
Double‐edged sword role of shrimp miRNA explains an evolutionary language between shrimp‐pathogen interactions that unties the knot of shrimp infection
Authors: B Hari Deva Muthu , Guru Ajay , Sudhakaran Gokul , Murugan Raghul , Arshad Aziz , Arockiaraj Jesu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractShrimp production, using a small‐scale enclosed pond system, is a rapidly growing aquaculture sector, which is valued around USD 18.30 billion in 2020. Intensified shrimp culture leads to the outbreak of transmissible diseases to eventually cause a huge loss in the production process and thus the economy. Studies on microRNA (miRNA) reveal that miRNA has an influential role in the host‐pathogen interaction during an infection. Recently, shrimp miRNA has been shown to help pathogen‐like viruses for their replication and infection. Several shrimp miRNAs were reported to be involved in enhancing host immunity against viral infection, especially white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection and Vibrio infection caused by bacterial species, whereas some shrimp miRNAs were reported to be hijacked by WSSV and to enhance the viral replication and establish the infection in shrimp. This gives an insight into the double‐edged sword role played by shrimp miRNA during host‐pathogen interaction. In future, this role could be employed against the virus to strengthen the shrimp culture. In this review, we discuss the role of shrimp miRNA and their mechanism(s) associated with the establishment of host‐pathogen interaction during infection, which will reveal the complexity associated with shrimp infection.
Investigating the accuracy of digital image correlation in monitoring strain fields across historical tapestries
Authors: Nwanoro Kenneth , Harrison Philip , Lennard Frances 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFinite element generated synthetic image deformation is used to assess factors affecting the reliability and accuracy of strain fields measured by the DIC technique, when using the inherent historical tapestry image to track deformations. Compared with direct correlation with the reference image, incremental correlation is found to introduce accumulated error and is less suitable for DIC analysis under low strains. Image quality, for example, variation in resolution, is demonstrated to strongly affect DIC performance. Finally, it is recommended that an iterative approach is required to determine the optimum subset and strain filter size for effective DIC analysis using inherent tapestry patterns, especially at low strain levels.
Phylogeography of the Oriental dobsonfly, Neoneuromus ignobilis Navás, suggests Pleistocene allopatric isolation and glacial dispersal shaping its wide distribution
Authors: Lin Aili , Cao Lijun , Wei Shujun , Liu Xingyue 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe explored the population structure and demographic history of an endemic but widespread Oriental dobsonfly, Neoneuromus ignobilis Navás (Megaloptera: Corydalidae), based on mitochondrial genomic and microsatellite datasets. Our results show that the 20 geographical populations of N. ignobilis presently sampled in East and Southeast Asia belong to five major lineages discriminated as southern Vietnam, Yunnan + Laos + northwestern Vietnam, southwestern Guangxi, central China and eastern China. We propose that early differentiation of populations probably occurred in Indochina and Yunnan due to vicariance events, and that populations from central and eastern China might have originated from southwestern Guangxi by dispersal. The continuous population expansion since the last interglacial, as revealed by demographic history and niche modelling analyses, explains the widespread pattern of N. ignobilis and highlights the relatively weak impact of the Quaternary glaciations on the East Asian biota.
The upper epidermis of atopic dogs is altered at the functional and structural levels
Authors: Combarros Daniel , Goudounèche Dominique , Cadiergues Marie‐Christine , Simon Michel 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundThe pathogenesis of human atopic dermatitis (AD) is complex. Like humans, dogs develop spontaneous AD so this species could be a useful model of study. However, AD has been less characterised in dogs than in humans.ObjectivesTo compare the epidermis of normal and spontaneously atopic dogs at the functional and structural levels.AnimalsSix healthy and five atopic laboratory Beagle dogs.Methods and materialsDogs were clinically characterised by general examination, Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 4th iteration (CADESI‐04) evaluation and trans‐epidermal water loss (TWEL) measurement. Skin biopsies were taken from healthy skin from normal dogs and on nonlesional and lesional skin from atopic dogs. Samples were analysed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cornified envelopes were extracted and examined for their visual aspects (smooth versus ruffled).ResultsCADESI‐04 and TWEL were significantly higher in atopic dogs. Healthy and nonlesional skin could be distinguished from lesional skin by histopathological evaluation. TEM examination revealed abnormal morphology of the stratum corneum (SC) in atopic skin. The SC compactum corneocyte layer was larger. Thicker and wrinkled corneocytes were more prominent (P = 0.005) in the lesional skin. Similar changes were observed in the nonlesional skin, but less pronounced. The proportion of immature ruffled envelopes was increased in atopic samples (P < 0.05), both from lesional and nonlesional areas.ConclusionsThe morphology of the SC was altered in the lesional and apparently nonlesional skin of spontaneously atopic dogs.
Infinitesimal structure of the pluricanonical double ramification locus
Authors: Holmes David , Schmitt Johannes 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe prove that a formula for the ‘pluricanonical’ double ramification cycle proposed by Janda, Pandharipande, Pixton, Zvonkine, and the second-named author is in fact the class of a cycle constructed geometrically by the first-named author. Our proof proceeds by a detailed explicit analysis of the deformation theory of the double ramification cycle, both to first and to higher order.
Development and Application of a Concentration Probe for Mixing Flows Tracking in Turbomachinery Applications
Authors: Babazzi G. , Bacci T. , Picchi A. , Fondelli T. , Lenzi T. , Facchini B. , Cubeda S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Modern gas turbines present important temperature distortions in the core-engine flowpath, mainly in the form of hot and cold streaks imputed to combustor burners and components cooling systems. As they highly influence turbines performance and lifetime, the precise knowledge of the thermal field evolution through the combustor and the high-pressure turbine is fundamental. The majority of the past studies investigated streak migrations directly examining the thermal field, while a limited amount of experimental work employed approaches based on the detection of tracer gases. The latter approach provides a more detailed evaluation of the evolution and mixing of the different flows. However, the slow time response due to the employment of sampling probes and gas analyzers make the investigation of a whole measurement plane extremely time consuming. To tackle this issue, in this study, a commercial oxygen sensor element and its excitation/detection unit were integrated into a newly developed probe to carry out local tracer gas concentration measurements exploiting the fluorescence behavior. The probe was provided with a Kiel-like shield, a pressure port, and a thermocouple, to correct the readings in case of 3D flows with pressure, temperature, and velocity gradients. This article summarizes the probe development and calibration activities, with the characterization of its accuracy for different flow conditions. Finally, two probe applications are described: first, the probe was used to detect tracer gas concentrations on a jet flow; afterward, it was traversed on the interface plane between a nonreactive, lean combustor simulator, and the NGV cascade. The probe has proven to provide accurate and reliable measurements from both a quantitative and qualitative point of view even in highly 3D flow fields typical of gas turbines conditions.
An Examination of Sport Management Doctoral Programs and the Organizational Environment Through Person–Environment Fit Theory
Authors: Martyn Jay , Brannigan Kyle J. , Oja Brent D. , Zvosec Claire C. 
Published: September 2021

Scholarly literature focusing on organizational environments and organizational fit highlights the importance of a Multi-Fit perspective, which includes person–environment fit, person–culture fit, and person–vocation fit. However, relatively few scholars in sport management have focused on the organizational environment that includes sport management faculty and doctoral students. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine sport management doctoral programs to evaluate how sport management faculty and sport management doctoral students assessed the academic environment. Findings from 15 sport management faculty and 13 doctoral students resulted in three distinct overarching themes: (a) initial evaluations from person–environment fit, (b) fitting in with person–culture fit, and (c) the gap in person–culture fit. Moreover, subthemes emerging from faculty were (a) coachable, (b) well-roundedness, (c) experience, (d) research interests, and (e) statistical knowledge. Subthemes emerging from sport management doctoral students were (a) funding, (b) initial contact, (c) geography, (d) foundation, and (e) cohort mentality. The findings of this study have significant importance to the sport management academy as scholars have suggested approximately 50% of doctoral students fail to receive their degree, and cohort entrance and exit attrition may be as high as 85%. Therefore, the goal of this study was to increase the extant knowledge pertaining to person–environment fit and the sport management doctoral matriculation and enrollment process between sport management faculty and sport management doctoral students.
Two-year use of flash glucose monitoring is associated with sustained improvement of glycemic control and quality of life (FLARE-NL-6)
Authors: Lameijer Annel , Fokkert Marion J , Edens Mireille A , Gans Reinold O B , Bilo Henk J G , van Dijk Peter R 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionThe FreeStyle Libre (FSL) is a flash glucose monitoring (FGM) system. The Flash Monitor Register in the Netherlands (FLARE-NL-4) study previously demonstrated the positive effects of FSL-FGM use during 1 year on glycemic control, quality of life and disease burden among persons with diabetes mellitus (DM). The present follow-up study assesses the effects of FSL-FGM after 2 years.Research design and methodsPatients included in the FLARE-NL-4 study who continued FSL-FGM during the 1-year study period were invited to participate (n=687). Data were collected using questionnaires (the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey version 2 (SF-12v2) and the EuroQol 5-Dimension 3-Level (EQ-5D-3L) for quality of life), including self-reported hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c).ResultsA total of 342 patients agreed to participate: mean age 48.0 (±15.6) years, 52% men and 79.5% with type 1 DM. HbA1c decreased from 60.7 (95% CI 59.1 to 62.3) mmol/mol before use of FSL-FGM to 57.3 (95% CI 55.8 to 58.8) mmol/mol after 1 year and 57.8 (95% CI 56.0 to 59.5) mmol/mol after 2 years. At the end of the 2-year follow-up period, 260 (76%) persons were still using the FSL-FGM and 82 (24%) had stopped. The main reason for stopping FSL-FGM was financial constraints (55%). Concerning the whole 2-year period, there was a significant decrease in HbA1c among persons who continued use of FSL-FGM (−3.5 mmol/mol, 95% CI −6.4 to –0.7), while HbA1c was unaltered compared with baseline among persons who stopped FSL-FGM (−2.4 mmol/mol, 95% CI −7.5 to 2.7): difference between groups 2.2 (95% CI −1.3 to 5.8) mmol/mol. After 2 years, persons who continued use of FSL-FGM had higher SF-12 mental component score and higher EQ-5D Dutch tariff score and felt less often anxious or depressed compared with persons who discontinued FSL-FGM.ConclusionsAlthough the considerable number of non-responders limits generalizability, this study suggests that persons who continue to use FSL-FGM for 2 years may experience sustained improvement in glycemic control and quality of life.