bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic fields as a potential therapy for diabetic wounds based on animal experiments and clinical trials
Authors: Lv Huanhuan , Liu Junyu , Zhen Chenxiao , Wang Yijia , Wei Yunpeng , Ren Weihao , Shang Peng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with various complications that poses a huge worldwide healthcare burden. Wounds in diabetes, especially diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), are difficult to manage, often leading to prolonged wound repair and even amputation. Wound management in people with diabetes is an extremely clinical and social concern. Nowadays, physical interventions gain much attention and have been widely developed in the fields of tissue regeneration and wound healing. Magnetic fields (MFs)‐based devices are translated into clinical practice for the treatment of bone diseases and neurodegenerative disorder. This review attempts to give insight into the mechanisms and applications of MFs in wound care, especially in improving the healing outcomes of diabetic wounds. First, we discuss the pathological conditions associated with chronic diabetic wounds. Next, the mechanisms involved in MFs’ effects on wounds are explored. At last, studies and reports regarding the effects of MFs on diabetic wounds from both animal experiments and clinical trials are reviewed. MFs exhibit great potential in promoting wound healing and have been practised in the management of diabetic wounds. Further studies on the exact mechanism of MFs on diabetic wounds and the development of suitable MF‐based devices could lead to their increased applications into clinical practice.
Taking the next step: Improving care transitions from a first‐episode psychosis service
Authors: Gallagher Keith , Ferrara Maria , Pollard Jessica , Yoviene Sykes Laura , Li Fangyong , Imetovski Shannon , Cahill John , Mathis Walter , Srihari Vinod H. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsFirst‐episode services (FES) improve outcomes in recent onset psychosis, but there is growing concern about how patients fare after discharge from these time‐limited services.MethodsA quality improvement approach (QI) was used to improve patient engagement in the discharge planning process (disposition), and successful engagement in care 3 months after discharge from the FES (transfer). Data from 144 consecutive discharges over 62 months are presented. A planning phase was followed by recurrent Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act cycles (PDSA) that included the introduction of proactive efforts targeting disposition planning (with patients and families) and follow‐up to facilitate transfer after discharge. Fisher's exact test was used to compare disposition and transfer outcomes across the QI phases.ResultsThis QI approach was sustained through a three‐fold escalation in discharge volume. Transfer status at 3 months was significantly different between the pre‐ and post PDSA phases (p = .02). A greater proportion were confirmed transfers post‐PDSA (54.3 vs. 37%), but of those with known status at 3 months, similar proportions were successfully transferred (76, 73%). Patients discharged post‐PDSA were less likely to have unknown treatment status (26 vs. 51%). Disposition outcomes were also significantly improved post‐PDSA (p = .03). Patients were more likely to engage with discharge planning (69.7 vs. 48.6%) and less likely to be lost to follow‐up (13.8 vs. 25.7%), or to refuse assistance (11.0 vs. 20.0%).ConclusionThis QI approach offers a feasible way to improve disposition and transfer after FES and can be built upon in efforts to sustain functional gains in onward pathways.
Antibiotic misuse and compliance with infection control measures during COVID‐19 pandemic in community pharmacies in Egypt
Authors: Elsayed Asmaa A. , Darwish Samar F. , Zewail Moataz B. , Mohammed Marwa , Saeed Haitham , Rabea Hoda 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundGlobally, antibiotics misuse by the public has been reported in the era of COVID‐19, despite the discouraging instructions of the World Health Organization, especially for mild cases.ObjectiveIs to describe this antibiotic misuse and its contributing factors. Also, to measure the pharmacists' application of infection preventive practices during the pandemic.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among randomly selected Egyptian community pharmacists (Center, East, Delta, and Upper Egypt) using a questionnaire and direct interviews from 1 to 30 August 2020. The questionnaire consisted of two parts, the first covered pharmacist's demographic data and their application of basic infection preventive practices (eg, wearing face masks, regular hand sanitization, etc), and the other part was related to antibiotic dispensing patterns. Data were descriptively analyzed and the impact of participant experience on the responses was evaluated using the χ2 test.ResultsFrom 480 randomly selected Egyptian community pharmacists, 413 (87%) consented to participate in the study. 86.7% of the participants were keen to wear face masks (n = 358) and 86.2% kept regular hand sanitization (n = 356); whereas, 46.9% (n = 194) maintained adequate antibiotic stock supply during the pandemic. Nearly 67% (n = 275) of the pharmacists reported that patients were more likely to be given antibiotics for showing any sign or symptom of COVID‐19 infection, and 82% (n = 74 278) of the dispensed antibiotics were given upon physician recommendation. Azithromycin, Ceftriaxone, and Linezolid were the major antibiotics dispensed to COVID‐19 presumptive patients Azithromycin was given to ~40% of presumptive patients showing only mild or moderate symptoms for 5‐10 days. Additionally, antibiotic combinations were given to 74% (n = 62 479) of home‐isolated patients for a maximum of 2 weeks.ConclusionsPharmacists applied suitable sanitation and infection control protocols. Meanwhile, antibiotics were dispensed heavily during this pandemic without proper clinical indication and for long durations supporting the idea of antibiotic misuse.
Protection of the esophagus during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Houmsse Mahmoud , Daoud Emile G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEsophageal injury still occurs with high frequency during ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF). The purpose of this study is to provide a review of methods to protect the esophagus from injury during AF ablation. Despite advances in imaging and ablation, the potential risk of esophageal injury during AF ablation remains an important concern with a high occurrence of esophageal injury (≈15%). There have been numerous studies evaluating varied techniques for esophageal protection including active cooling and displacement of the esophagus. These techniques are reviewed in this manuscript as well as the role of esophageal protection in managing patients undergoing AF ablation procedure.
Genomic signatures of UV resistance evolution in Escherichia coli depend on the growth phase during exposure
Authors: Selveshwari S , Lele Kasturi , Dey Sutirth 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPhysiological states can determine the ability of organisms to handle stress. Does this mean that the same selection pressure will lead to different evolutionary outcomes, depending on the organisms’ physiological state? If yes, what will be the genomic signatures of such adaptation(s)? We used experimental evolution in Escherichia coli followed by whole‐genome whole‐population sequencing to investigate these questions. The sensitivity of Escherichia coli to ultraviolet (UV) radiation depends on the growth phase during which it experiences the radiation. We evolved replicate E. coli populations under two different conditions of UV exposures, namely exposure during the lag and the exponential growth phases. Initially, the UV sensitivity of the ancestor was greater during the exponential phase than the lag phase. However, at the end of 100 cycles of exposure, UV resistance evolved to similar extents in both treatments. Genome analysis showed that mutations in genes involved in DNA repair, cell membrane structure and RNA polymerase were common in both treatments. However, different functional groups were found mutated in populations experiencing lag and exponential UV treatment. In the former, genes involved in transcriptional and translational regulations and cellular transport were mutated, whereas the latter treatment showed mutations in genes involved in signal transduction and cell adhesion. Interestingly, the treatments showed no phenotypic differences in a number of novel environments. Taken together, these results suggest that selection pressures at different physiological stages can lead to differences in the genomic signatures of adaptation, which need not necessarily translate into observable phenotypic differences.
Consensus of physician behaviours to target for early diagnosis of cerebral palsy: A Delphi study
Authors: McNamara Lynda , Scott Karen M , Boyd Roslyn N , Novak Iona 
Published: February 2021

AimsHistorically, the diagnosis of cerebral palsy has been made after 12 months of age, delaying access to crucial early intervention that optimises functional outcomes. This study aimed to identify and specify priority physician diagnostic behaviours to target in implementation interventions to increase the rate of diagnosis of cerebral palsy under 6 months of age in Australia.MethodsWe conducted a two‐round online Delphi study with a multi‐professional expert panel of cerebral palsy researchers and clinicians. A reference group identified a six‐item list of potential diagnostic behaviours, which were modifiable at the individual level, that could lead to an early cerebral palsy diagnosis. In the first survey, participants rated the importance of each item on a 10‐point Likert scale and supplied their reasoning for this, and were able to suggest new behaviours. In the second survey, participants ranked items in order of priority.ResultsAll six items reached consensus for inclusion (100%). No new items were added to the list. Ranking identified the top three priorities for online physician implementation interventions: (i) refer for or conduct the General Movements Assessment; (ii) refer for or conduct the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination; and (iii) communication of the diagnosis.ConclusionAn online Delphi method can effectively inform tailored implementation intervention development. A consensus was achieved on the priority physician diagnostic behaviours to target in interventions to lower the age of cerebral palsy diagnosis in Australia.
Benefit of transaminase elevations in establishing functional cure of HBV infection during nap‐based combination therapy
Authors: Bazinet Michel , Pântea Victor , Placinta Gheorghe , Moscalu Iurie , Cebotarescu Valentin , Cojuhari Lilia , Jimbei Pavlina , Iarovoi Liviu , Smesnoi Valentina , Musteata Tatiana , Jucov Alina , Dittmer Ulf , Krawczyk Adalbert , Vaillant Andrew 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTreatment of HBV infection with nucleic acid polymers and pegIFN is accompanied by transaminase elevations in 95% of participants. HBV viral rebound, partial cure (HBV DNA < 2000 IU/mL, normal ALT) or functional cure (HBV DNA target not detected, HBsAg <LLOQ, normal ALT) occurred in 27%, 38% and 35% of participants. Correlations between ALT, AST and GGT elevations, virologic baseline, response during therapy and HBV therapeutic outcome were investigated. A retrospective analysis of all 40 participants in the REP 401 study (NCT02565719) included maxima and area under the curve for ALT, AST and GGT, baseline virology, HBsAg and anti‐HBs response and HBV therapeutic outcomes. ALT, AST and GGT elevations were asymptomatic, independent of baseline virologic status and anti‐HBs response but correlated with HBsAg reduction ≥3 log10 from baseline. Functional cure was associated with significantly lower HBsAg during the nadir of ALT flares versus viral rebound or partial cure. ALT elevations >3X ULN while HBsAg was <1 IU/mL occurred in 3/11 (27%), 11/15 (74%) and 14/14 (100%) of participants experiencing viral rebound, partial or functional cure. ALT elevation >3X ULN during HBsAg <1 IU/mL and <10 IU/mL were the best predictors of partial and functional cure. In conclusion, elevations in ALT, AST or GGT while HBsAg <10 IU/ml during therapy with REP 2139 + pegIFN are associated with partial and functional cure. More potent HBsAg reduction during flare nadir is associated with the establishment of functional cure, suggesting a critical role for HBsAg‐specific immunity to achieve this outcome. These on‐therapy milestones may have similar positive prognostic value with other combination therapies.
Dual‐chamber pacing using a hybrid transvenous and leadless pacing approach
Authors: Nona Paul , Altawil Mahmoud , Khan Essaq , Maskoun Waddah 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAn elderly gentleman with a dual‐chamber pacemaker presented to our institution with symptoms of symptomatic bradycardia and high‐grade atrioventricular (AV) block. Device interrogation revealed failure to capture in the right ventricle (RV) lead with bipolar pacing, high RV pacing threshold with unipolar pacing, and high impedance suggesting lead fracture. The atrial lead function was normal. Given his advanced age, gait instability, and dementia, the decision was made to proceed with Micra AV pacemaker implantation, while programming his dual‐chamber pacemaker to AAIR mode, thus maintaining AV synchrony by tracking paced atrial impulses and providing ventricular pacing.
Investor‐state dispute settlement and multinational firm behavior
Authors: Schjelderup Guttorm , Stähler Frank 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper shows that investor‐state dispute settlements (ISDS) make multinational firms more aggressive by increasing cost‐reducing investments with the aim to enlarge the potential compensation an ISDS provision may offer. While a larger investment reduces the market distortion, it will also make potential compensations larger. Consequently, potential compensations to a foreign investor do not imply a zero‐sum game. ISDS may decrease domestic welfare, in particular if the investment leads to the establishment of an export platform, and we find that even global welfare may decline.
Cooling During Endurance Cycling in the Heat: Blunted Core Temperature but Not Inflammatory Responses
Authors: Keller Sebastian , Kohne Simon , Notbohm Hannah L. , Bloch Wilhelm , Schumann Moritz 
Published: February 2021

Purpose: This study assessed the effects of cooling during endurance cycling (percooling) on changes in core body temperature (Tcore), inflammatory, and metabolic responses. Methods: A total of 12 male cyclists (peak oxygen uptake 60 [4] mL·kg−1·min−1) completed a 60-minute constant workload trial (55% of peak power output and ambient temperature 30.4°C [0.6°C]) in a randomized order both with (ICE) and without (CON) an ice vest. An ingestible capsule was used to measure Tcore. Blood samples were collected immediately before and after each trial to determine concentrations of blood lactate, serum cortisol, interleukin-6, and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Results: Tcore increased statistically (P < .001) both in CON (7.0% [1.4%], effect size [ES] = 6.3) and ICE (5.1% [1.1%], ES = 5.7). The increase in CON was statistically larger compared with ICE (P = .006, ES = 1.4). Concentrations of blood lactate (CON: 163% [63%], ES = 1.3; ICE: 149% [91%], ES = 1.3), cortisol (CON: 138% [123%], ES = 1.7; ICE: 81% [102%], ES = 1.0), and interleukin-6 (CON: 661% [324%], ES = 2.1; ICE: 624% [368%], ES = 1.2) statistically increased in both conditions (P < .01) to a similar extent. In addition, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species statistically decreased in both conditions (CON: −19.2% [14.9%], P = .002, ES = 0.9; ICE: −15.1% [16.5%], P = .02, ES = 0.9). No correlations were found between the changes of Tcore and blood parameters across the conditions. Conclusions: Despite attenuated Tcore, similar inflammatory and metabolic responses were observed. Our findings suggest percooling to be a promising strategy to attenuate thermal strain without compromising physiological function.
The neighbourhood social environment correlates with meeting 24-h movement behaviour recommendations in females: a cross-sectional study using the 2019 National Survey of Children’s Health
Authors: Burns Ryan D. , Pfledderer Christopher D. , Fu You 
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between the neighbourhood social environment and meeting recommendations for 24-h movement behaviours in youth. Participants were a sample of children and adolescents from the 2019 National Survey of Children’s Health (N = 21 259; 48.2% female). Knowing where to go for help (odds ratio (OR) = 2.66, p = 0.006) and a safe school environment (OR = 1.99, p = 0.020) correlated with high probability of meeting 24-h movement behaviour recommendations in females. Novelty: The neighbourhood social environment associates with meeting 24-h movement recommendations in females.
Risk of Gynecologic Cancer after Atypical Glandular Cells Found on Cervical Cytology: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Aitken Clare A. , Jansen Erik E.L. , Siebers Albert G. , van Haaften-de Jong Anne-Marie L.D. , van Kemenade Folkert J. , de Kok Inge M.C.M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background:
Atypical glandular cells (AGC) are rare abnormalities found on cervical cytology associated with a range of lesions of the female reproductive system. We compared the risk of cervical and other gynecologic cancers following AGC on cervical cytology with the risk following squamous cell abnormalities of comparable severity.

Methods:
We used data from the Dutch Pathology Archive (PALGA) from 2000 to 2015 to categorize cervical cytology tests into groups based on most severe cytologic abnormality and correlated follow-up advice (normal cytology and “no follow-up” advice, squamous-cell–based, AGC-based, and combined AGC/squamous-cell based each with either repeat testing or referral advice). Cancer data were linked from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Cox proportional hazard models were calculated stratified by age [younger (&lt;50 years) and older (50+ years)], adjusted for number of previous primary cytology tests.

Results:
8,537,385 cytology smears and 9,061 cancers were included. When repeat cytology testing was advised, HRs of cervical cancer (younger women: HR, 6.91; 95% CI, 5.48–8.71; older women: HR, 3.98; 95% CI, 2.38–6.66) or other gynecologic cancer diagnosis in younger women (HR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.39–5.74) were significantly higher after an AGC-based abnormality compared with squamous-based abnormalities. Hazards were also significantly higher for “referral” advice cytology, except for cervical cancer among older women (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.63–1.21).

Conclusions:
AGC indicates an increased risk of gynecologic cancer compared with squamous-based abnormalities of comparable severity.

Impact:
Gynecologists should be alert for cervical and endometrial cancers when examining women referred following AGC.
Early-Life Risk Factors for Breast Cancer – Prospective Follow-up in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966
Authors: Tastula Anniina , Jukkola Arja , Alakokkare Anni-Emilia , Nordström Tanja , Eteläinen Sanna , Karihtala Peeter , Miettunen Jouko 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background:
While some risk factors for breast cancer have been confirmed, less is known about the role of early biological and social risk factors for breast cancer in adult life.

Methods:
In a prospective follow-up in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 consisting of 5,308 women, 120 breast cancers were reported via national registers by the end of 2018. Early risk factors were examined with univariate and multivariate analyses using Cox regression analysis. The main results are reported with HRs and their 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results:
In the multivariate-adjusted models, women whose mothers lived in urban areas (HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.13–2.51) during pregnancy, were low educated (HR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.30–4.45), and had been diagnosed with breast cancer (HR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.09–3.58) had a higher risk for breast cancer in adult life. Lower BMI at the age of 14 associated nonsignificantly with the risk of breast cancer (Mann–Whitney U test, P = 0.087). No association between birth size and breast cancer risk in adult life was found.

Conclusions:
Early-life residence and socioeconomic conditions may have an impact on developing breast cancer in women in adult life. All breast cancer cases of this study were relatively young, and most of them are assumed to be premenopausal.

Impact:
This study is one of a few prospective birth cohort studies to examine early-life socioeconomic factors and breast cancer risk in adult life. This study is limited due to small number of cases.
Impact of Broadening Trial Eligibility Criteria for Patients with Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Real-World Analysis of Select ASCO-Friends Recommendations
Authors: Harvey R. Donald , Bruinooge Suanna S. , Chen Li , Garrett-Mayer Elizabeth , Rhodes Whitney , Stepanski Edward , Uldrick Thomas S. , Ison Gwynn , Khozin Sean , Rubinstein Wendy S. , Schenkel Caroline , Miller Robert S. , Komatsoulis George A. , Schilsky Richard L. , Kim Edward S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
Cancer clinical trials often accrue slowly or miss enrollment targets. Strict eligibility criteria are a major reason. Restrictive criteria also limit opportunities for patient participation while compromising external validity of trial results. We examined the impact of broadening select eligibility criteria on characteristics and number of patients eligible for trials, using recommendations of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and Friends of Cancer Research.

Experimental Design:
A retrospective, observational analysis used electronic health record data from ASCO’s CancerLinQ Discovery database. Study cohort included patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer treated from 2011 to 2018. Patients were grouped by traditional criteria [no brain metastases, no other malignancies, and creatinine clearance (CrCl) ≥ 60 mL/minute] and broadened criteria (including brain metastases, other malignancies, and CrCl ≥ 30 mL/minute).

Results:
The analysis cohort included 10,500 patients. Median age was 68 years, and 73% of patients were White. Most patients had stage IV disease (65%). A total of 5,005 patients (48%) would be excluded from trial participation using the traditional criteria. The broadened criteria, however, would allow 98% of patients (10,346) to be potential participants. Examination of patients included by traditional criteria (5,495) versus those added (4,851) by broadened criteria showed that the number of women, patients aged 75+ years, and those with stage IV cancer was significantly greater using broadened criteria.

Conclusions:
This analysis of real-world data demonstrated that broadening three common eligibility criteria has the potential to double the eligible patient population and include trial participants who are more representative of those encountered in practice.
See related commentary by Giantonio, p. 2369