bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered Cognitive Networks Connectivity in Parkinson's Disease During the Microlesion Period After Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Luo Bei , Zou Yanxiang , Yan Jiuqi , Sun Jian , Wei Xiang , Chang Lei , Lu Yue , Zhao Liang , Dong Wenwen , Qiu Chang , Yan Jun , Zhang Yanhong , Zhang Wenbin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimsCognitive functions are reduced in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients after deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The current study attempted to elucidate whether DBS alters the functional connectivity (FC) pattern of cognitive networks in PD patients.MethodsThe study obtained fMRI and cognitive scale data from 37 PD patients before and after the DBS surgery. Seed‐based FC analysis helped demonstrate the FC changes of the default mode network (DMN), executive control network (ECN), and dorsal attention network (DAN).ResultsPD patients indicated significant network connectivity decline in DMN [such as in right precuneus, left angular gyrus, and left middle frontal gyrus (MFG)], ECN [such as in left inferior parietal gyrus, left MFG, and left supplementary motor area (SMA)], and DAN [such as in left inferior frontal gyrus and left MFG] post‐DBS surgery. The phonemic fluency score was positively associated with the FC value of the right precuneus and left angular gyrus in DMN before DBS.ConclusionThe general reduction in FC in the major cognitive networks after DBS surgery depicted the presence of the corresponding network reorganization. Further research can help explore the mechanism of impaired cognitive function post‐DBS.
Heterogeneous blood pressure treatment effects on cognitive decline in type 2 diabetes: A machine learning analysis of a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Zhao Xuan , Xu Xiaoli , Wang Siyu , Zhang Xiaoyun , Zheng Ruizhi , Wang Kan , Xiang Yu , Wang Tiange , Zhao Zhiyun , Li Mian , Zheng Jie , Xu Min , Lu Jieli , Bi Yufang , Xu Yu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimWe aimed to identify the characteristics of patients with diabetes who can derive cognitive benefits from intensive blood pressure (BP) treatment using machine learning methods.Materials and MethodsUsing data from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Memory in Diabetes (ACCORD‐MIND) study, 1349 patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent BP treatment (intensive treatment targeting a systolic BP <120 mmHg vs. standard treatment targeting <140 mmHg) were included in the machine learning analysis. Seventy‐nine variables correlated with diabetes and cognitive function were used to build the causal forest and causal tree models for identifying heterogeneous BP treatment effects on cognitive decline.ResultsOur analyses identified four variables including urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (UACR, mg/g), Framingham 10‐year cardiovascular risk score (FRS, %), triglycerides (TG, mmol/L) and diabetes duration, that categorized the participants into five subgroups with different risk benefits for cognitive decline from BP treatments. Subgroup 1 (UACR ≥65 mg/g) had an absolute risk reduction (ARR) of 15.36% (95% CI, 5.01%–25.46%) from intensive versus standard BP treatment (hazard ratio [HR], 0.36; 95% CI, 0.18–0.73). Subgroup 2 (UACR <65 mg/g, FRS ≥26%, TG <2.3 mmol/L and diabetes duration ≥9 years) had an ARR of 14.74% (95% CI, 4.56%–24.59%) from intensive versus standard BP treatment (HR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.15–0.77). No significant benefits were found for other subgroups.ConclusionsPatients with type 2 diabetes with high UACR, or with low UACR and low TG, but high predicted cardiovascular risk and long diabetes duration were likely to derive cognitive benefits from intensive BP treatment.
Assessing the benefit–risk profile of newer glucose‐lowering drugs: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis of randomized outcome trials
Authors: Tang Huilin , Zhang Bingyu , Lu Yiwen , Donahoo William T. , Singh Ospina Naykky , Kotecha Pareeta , Lu Ying , Tong Jiayi , Smith Steven M. , Rosenberg Eric I. , Kimmel Stephen E. , Bian Jiang , Guo Jingchuan , Chen Yong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimTo comprehensively evaluate the benefits and risks of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RA), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4i), and sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i).Materials and MethodsA systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) from inception to November 2023 to identify randomized cardiovascular and kidney outcome trials that enrolled adults with type 2 diabetes, heart failure, or chronic kidney disease and compared DPP4i, GLP‐1RAs, or SGLT2i to placebo. Twenty‐one outcomes (e.g., major adverse cardiovascular events [MACE], stroke, and hospitalization for heart failure [HHF]) were assessed. Data were pooled using population‐averaged odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs.ResultsTwenty‐six trials enrolling 198 177 participants were included. GLP‐1RAs were most effective in lowering the risks of MACE (OR, 0.85, [95% CI, 0.79 to 0.92]) and stroke (0.84 [0.77, 0.91]), but increased the risk of thyroid cancer (1.58 [1.36, 2.50]). SGLT2i showed the greatest benefits in reducing the risk of HHF (0.68 [0.64, 0.73]) and improving composite renal outcomes (0.67 [0.58, 0.77]), but increased the risk of genital infections (3.11 [2.15, 4.50]). DPP4i were associated with a lower risk of certain psychiatric disorders, Parkinson's disease (0.54 [0.32, 0.92]), and amputation (0.70 [0.86, 0.93]), but an increased risk of neuropathy (1.10 [1.02, 1.18]) and pancreatitis (1.63 [1.40, 1.91]). The weighted origami plot suggested that GLP‐1RAs were more suitable for reducing macrovascular and microvascular outcomes, while DPP4i might be better for neurodegenerative diseases and cancer concerns.ConclusionsGiven the distinct benefit–risk profiles, the selection of glucose‐lowering drugs should be individualized based on patient characteristics and risk factors.
Serum glycobiomarkers for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Furukawa Soma , Fukami Yuki , Hanamatsu Hisatoshi , Yokota Ikuko , Furukawa Jun‐ichi , Hane Masaya , Kitajima Ken , Sato Chihiro , Hiraga Keita , Satake Yuki , Yagi Satoru , Koike Haruki , Katsuno Masahisa 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study conducted a comprehensive glycan analysis of serum to determine how glycan biomarkers are associated with the pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and the effects of its treatment.MethodsWe comparatively analyzed N‐ and O‐glycans in the pretreatment serum of 27 treatment‐naïve patients with typical CIDP and 20 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (HC) using mass spectrometry. We determined the association between clinical parameters and glycans. The serum glycan and neurofilament light‐chain (NfL) levels were assessed at the baseline, and treatment response was defined according to the degree of improvement in the modified Rankin scale 12 weeks after the first dose of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg).ResultsCompared with the HC, the CIDP group demonstrated significantly lower levels of serum total N‐glycans (CIDP, median 973.3 [IQR 836.2–1131.3] pmol/μL; HC, 1125.0 [1005.0–1236.2] pmol/μL; p < 0.05), especially sialylated N‐glycans (CIDP, 898.0 [752.2–1037.2] pmol/μL; HC, 1064.4 [942.7–1189.8] pmol/μL; p < 0.01). In contrast, the O‐glycan levels did not differ significantly between the two groups. The treatment response was associated with low N‐glycan levels, but not with the serum NfL levels. Low levels of sialylated N‐glycans were associated with resistance to treatment over 12 weeks, with an area under the curve of 0.822 (p < 0.01).ConclusionsLow levels of sialylated N‐glycans could potentially serve as a novel biomarker, reflecting pathophysiology and therapeutic resistance in typical CIDP.
Efficacy of thyme honey in the management of oral aphthous ulcers: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Ghalwash Dalia , El‐Gawish Ayman , Ammar Ahmed , Abou‐Bakr Asmaa 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe current study aimed to assess the effect of thyme honey on pain relief in patients with minor aphthous ulcers as a primary objective, its healing effect on ulcer size reduction, and the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14). In this randomized clinical trial, 30 patients (15 in each group) having minor aphthous ulcers at the oral diagnostic clinic at the British University in Egypt were treated with either thyme honey or triamcinolone acetonide in orabase. Different clinical parameters were recorded for both groups at various intervals, such as pain intensity using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), size of ulcers in mm, and OHIP‐14. Thyme honey intervention showed more significant ulcer size reduction than the triamcinolone acetonide group on days 5, and 7, and a more substantial decrease in pain intensity on days 3, 5, and 7. Additionally, the thyme honey group showed significantly lower OHIP values than the triamcinolone acetonide group after 7 days. The current clinical trial furnished evidence of the effectiveness of thyme honey in managing minor aphthous ulcers for the first time and revealed clinical efficiency with satisfactory patient outcomes.
Cortical hemodynamics of electrographic status epilepticus in the critically ill
Authors: Kassab Ali , Toffa Dènahin H. , Robert Manon , Chassé Michaël , Lesage Frédéric , Peng Ke , Nguyen Dang K. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe pathophysiological mechanisms of status epilepticus (SE) underlying potential brain injury remain largely unclear. This study aims to employ functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) combined with video‐electroencephalography (vEEG) to monitor brain hemodynamics continuously and non‐invasively in critically ill adult patients experiencing electrographic SE. Our primary focus is to investigate neurovascular coupling and cerebrovascular changes associated with seizures, particularly during recurring and/or prolonged episodes.MethodsEleven critically ill adult patients underwent simultaneous vEEG‐fNIRS with large cortical coverage. Data from seven patients with identified electrographic SE were analyzed. The timing of recorded seizures was marked using standardized critical care EEG terminology. A general linear model was employed to extract the hemodynamic response to seizures from the fNIRS recordings. Linear mixed‐effects models were utilized to correlate hemodynamic responses with seizure characteristics.ResultsA total of >200 h of monitoring and >1000 seizures were recorded. In most patients, an increase in oxyhemoglobin (HbO) and a decrease in deoxyhemoglobin (HbR) were observed during shorter‐duration seizures. Although a similar response could also be seen initially for longer‐duration seizures, this hemodynamic change was often followed by a progressive decline in HbO concentration and an increase in HbR. At the systemic level, no significant difference in peripheral oxygenation occurred during seizures, and only small changes in mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate occurred in four and two patients, respectively.SignificanceWe demonstrate the feasibility of using multichannel vEEG‐fNIRS to measure the hemodynamic changes associated with electrographic seizures in critically ill adult patients. Our findings suggest that disrupted neurovascular coupling is more prevalent during prolonged seizures compared to recurrent short‐duration seizures. This research provides valuable insights into the dynamic interplay between neuronal activity and hemodynamics during critical care seizures.
Elevated Astrocytic NFAT5 of the hippocampus increases epilepsy susceptibility in hypoxic‐ischemic mice
Authors: Jia Xianglei , Xu Jian , Zhang Yan , Kong Shuo , Cheng Xuelei , Wu Ningyang , Han Song , Yin Jun , Liu Wanhong , He Xiaohua , Fan Yuanteng , Liu Yumin , Chen Taoxiang , Peng Biwen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveHypoxic–ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is a leading cause of neonatal mortality, resulting in brain injury and persistent seizures that can last into the late neonatal period and beyond. Effective treatments and interventions for infants affected by hypoxia–ischemia remain lacking. Clinical investigations have indicated an elevation of nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) in whole blood from umbilical cords of severely affected HIBD infants with epilepsy. Experimental research has demonstrated that NFAT5 has ambivalent effects on neuroprotection and neurologic damage. However, the mechanistic role of NFAT5 in HIBD remains unclear. This investigation aims to further clarify the role of NFAT5 in epilepsy following HIBD insult.MethodsWe created a neonatal HIBD mouse model through left common carotid artery occlusion. By specifically knocking down astrocytic NFAT5 and its downstream molecule, Nedd4‐2, using hippocampal delivery of adeno‐associated virus 5‐driven targeted shRNA, we investigated the role of astrocytic NFAT5 in epilepsy susceptibility in HIBD mice. This was assessed through electroencephalographic recordings, behavioral observations in vivo, and whole‐cell recordings of hippocampal neuronal activity. In vitro, we evaluated the effects of astrocytic NFAT5 alteration on Kir4.1 expression and IKir4.1 in both brain slices from HIBD mice and cultured astrocytes treated with oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation.ResultsHypoxia–ischemia‐induced upregulation of hippocampal NFAT5 occurs in astrocytes rather than in neurons. This upregulation leads to increased expression of the ubiquitin ligase Nedd4‐2, resulting in excessive degradation of Kir4.1 in astrocytes. Consequently, astrocytic function in buffering extracellular K+ is impaired, causing depolarization of the resting potential and enhanced neuronal discharge. This disruption ultimately affects local neural network balance and increases susceptibility to epilepsy. In contrast, inhibiting or knocking down astrocytic NFAT5 almost completely reverses these effects.SignificanceOur findings suggest that manipulating the NFAT5–Nedd4‐2–Kir4.1 axis in astrocytes could provide a potential therapeutic strategy for the epileptic complications of HIBD.
Role of Odor Novelty on Olfactory Issues in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Scheier Zoe A. , Sturm Kassandra L. , Colavecchio John A. , Pradhan Apekchha , Otazu Gonzalo H. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSensory processing abnormalities are a hallmark of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and are included in its diagnostic criteria. Among these challenges, food neophobia has garnered attention due to its prevalence and potential impact on nutritional intake and health outcomes. This review describes the correlation between novel odor perception and feeding difficulties within the context of ASD. Moreover, this review underscores the role of odor processing in shaping feeding behaviors within the ASD population. It examines the psychophysics of odor perception in individuals with ASD and evaluates the behavioral and neurophysiological assessments conducted using novel odor stimuli in mouse models relevant to autism and wild‐type mice. Additionally, we explore the mechanism on how odor novelty affects neuronal circuitry, shedding light on potential underlying mechanisms for the effect of odor novelty on ASD.
Cyanobacteria Boring Limestones in Freshwater Settings—Their Pioneering Role in Sculpturing Pebbles and Carbonate Dissolution
Authors: Wetzel Andreas , Zopfi Jakob , Uchman Alfred 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn freshwater lakes and rivers, cyanobacteria belonging to the family Leptolyngbyaceae bore > 1 mm deep into limestone pebbles by dissolving carbonate at the tip of their 3–8 μm‐thick filaments. The abundance of these borings decreases downward while it is so high at the rock surface that micrometric debris is formed. Moreover, the disintegrated material on the pebbles' surface can be easily removed, for instance, when pebbles are grinding against each other due to wave or current action or when insect larvae settle and scratch loosened grains from the surface while constructing their cases. After a larvae case has been abandoned, it decays with time and the surface benath it is colonized again by boring cyanobacteria. These processes can alternate repeatedly and lead to a sculptured appearance of the pebbles, especially because insect larvae tend to colonize already existing depressions where they are better protected from predation and where they can access suspended food more easily. In the sculptures entrenched by insect larvae, larvae of byssate bivalves like Dreissena polymorpha may settle. When growing, these bivalves also remove loosened carbonate from the bored surface. Thus, boring cyanobacteria play a pioneering, preconditioning role in the morphological evolution of limestone (pebble) surfaces by transforming an initially hard substrate into a firm‐ to softground that is subsequently colonized and structured by animals. Consequently, sculptured pebbles are the product of multiphase, preconditioned bioerosion. Ultimately, the synergistic effects of these bioerosive processes result in the dissolution of carbonate leading to a maximum take‐up of approximately 0.5–0.8 kg CO2 per square meter and year, as a preliminary estimate indicates.
Identification of Gallbladder‐Specific Distal Regulatory Sequence of Murine Sox17
Authors: Zeng Shihan , Yanagida Ayaka , Ota Noriaki , Uemura Mami , Hirate Yoshikazu , Hiramatsu Ryuji , Mizuno Naoaki , Kanai Yoshiakira , Kanai‐Azuma Masami 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSox17 is a key transcriptional regulator of endoderm formation and function in the gallbladder, blood vessels and reproductive organs. Although multiple transcript variants of Sox17 have been suggested, the precise mechanisms underlying their time‐ and tissue‐specific expression remain unclear. In this study, we discovered two putative regulatory sequences (R1 and R2) adjacent to different transcription start sites of mouse Sox17 exon 1 and generated deletion mice for these regions (Sox17Δdr/Δdr). Sox17Δdr/Δdr mice were alive and fertile, and they possessed a normal‐sized gallbladder. However, semiquantitative analysis of immunostaining showed that the expression levels of SOX17 in Sox17Δdr/Δdr embryos were reduced to less than 50% of the wild‐type in the gallbladder epithelium. Furthermore, the bile ductal epithelium marker SOX9 was abnormally upregulated, and PAS/DBA‐positive mucin secretion‐like epithelial cells were induced in the Sox17Δdr/Δdr gallbladder. Our results demonstrate that the distal sequence of Sox17, including R1 and R2, is important for the regulation of Sox17 gene expression in the embryonic gallbladder and is crucial for normal gallbladder epithelial development.
Thriving in the heat: How high temperatures and habitat disturbance shape odonate taxonomic and functional diversity in the tropics
Authors: Castillo‐Pérez Eduardo Ulises , Rivera‐Duarte José D. , Abellán Pedro , del‐Val Ek , González‐Tokman Daniel , Córdoba‐Aguilar Alex 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Because insects are unable to regulate their body temperatures, they are vulnerable to rising temperatures and habitat disturbances that limit access to optimal microhabitats. This study examines how these factors affect the taxonomic and functional diversity of Odonata insects (Anisoptera and Zygoptera) in a tropical dry landscape.
We assessed taxonomic diversity using Hill numbers (0D, 1D, 2D) and functional diversity in preserved and disturbed sites within a tropical dry forest. Functional diversity was measured using the standardised effect size (SES) of functional richness, evenness, divergence and community‐weighted means (CWMs), focusing on traits related to heat tolerance and resource acquisition (body colouration and size).
Taxonomic diversity was positively related to high temperatures and vegetation in Anisoptera, with no relation for Zygoptera. The SES of functional richness for Zygoptera was higher in preserved areas, while anisopterans showed no changes. Only Anisoptera showed a negative correlation between functional evenness and maximum temperatures. Functional divergence in both suborders was higher in disturbed areas.
In Anisoptera, the CWM of body colour lightness was higher in disturbed sites, but neither environmental factor affected the CWM of body size in either suborder.
While disturbance limited trait variability in zygopterans, it favoured species with extreme traits in both suborders. Reduced trait variability in preserved sites may have affected adaptability to future disturbances. Our study highlights that Odonata communities maintain stable taxonomic diversity despite disturbances, but shifts in functional diversity could compromise their resilience and ecological roles.
Exploring sustainable utilization of ceramic waste in heat‐resistant concrete: A comprehensive review
Authors: Nasare Radha , Shah Vedanshi , Joshi Tejas , Dave Urmil , Ghaffar Seyed Hamidreza 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis review explores the integration of ceramic waste into heat‐resistant concrete as a sustainable solution aligned with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Ceramic waste, a major industrial by‐product, shows promise as coarse aggregate in concrete, supporting waste reduction and energy efficiency in construction. The study examines mechanical properties, durability, and high‐temperature performance through a literature review, bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer, and interviews with ceramic manufacturers. Findings reveal gaps in understanding long‐term thermal behavior and practical challenges in processing ceramic waste. Highlighting environmental benefits such as reduced carbon footprint, the study aligns with SDGs 9, 11, 12, and 13, advocating ceramic waste's potential to improve energy efficiency and promote a circular economy in the construction sector. International collaborations could enhance the global supply chain for ceramic waste recycling, fostering partnerships between waste‐producing industries and construction companies to address global environmental challenges. Through such collaborations, economies could scale sustainable practices, driving innovation and facilitating the transition to more sustainable construction materials worldwide.