bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic insights into synergy between nalidixic acid and tetracycline against clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli
Authors: Gaurav Amit , Gupta Varsha , Shrivastava Sandeep K. , Pathania Ranjana 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance has become a global health problem. Acinetobacter baumannii is an important nosocomial pathogen due to its capacity to persist in the hospital environment. It has a high mortality rate and few treatment options. Antibiotic combinations can help to fight multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial infections, but they are rarely used in the clinics and mostly unexplored. The interaction between bacteriostatic and bactericidal antibiotics are mostly reported as antagonism based on the results obtained in the susceptible model laboratory strain Escherichia coli. However, in the present study, we report a synergistic interaction between nalidixic acid and tetracycline against clinical multi-drug resistant A. baumannii and E. coli. Here we provide mechanistic insight into this dichotomy. The synergistic combination was studied by checkerboard assay and time-kill curve analysis. We also elucidate the mechanism behind this synergy using several techniques such as fluorescence spectroscopy, flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, morphometric analysis, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Nalidixic acid and tetracycline combination displayed synergy against most of the MDR clinical isolates of A. baumannii and E. coli but not against susceptible isolates. Finally, we demonstrate that this combination is also effective in vivo in an A. baumannii/Caenorhabditis elegans infection model (p < 0.001)
Emergence of lanes and turbulent-like motion in active spinner fluid
Authors: Reeves Cody J. , Aranson Igor S. , Vlahovska Petia M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAssemblies of self-rotating particles are gaining interest as a novel realization of active matter with unique collective behaviors such as edge currents and non-trivial dynamic states. Here, we develop a continuum model for a system of fluid-embedded spinners by coarse-graining the equations of motion of the discrete particles. We apply the model to explore mixtures of clockwise and counterclockwise rotating spinners. We find that the dynamics is sensitive to fluid inertia; in the inertialess system, after transient turbulent-like motion the spinners segregate and form steady traffic lanes. At small but finite Reynolds number instead, the turbulent-like motion persists and the system exhibits a chirality breaking transition leading to a single rotation sense state. Our results shed light on the dynamic behavior of non-equilibrium materials exemplified by active spinners.
Impact of electric vehicle charging – An agent‐based approach
Authors: Plagowski Patrick , Saprykin Aleksandr , Chokani Ndaona , Shokrollah‐Abhari Reza 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSeveral European countries have launched programs to increase the market penetration of battery electric vehicles (BEV). Similarly, politicians in Switzerland have targeted a 15% BEV share of new car registrations by 2022. As each electric car increases the power demand, new challenges are posed to the operation of existing distribution grid infrastructure. Here, a new bottom‐up physical approach is presented that couples agent‐based traffic simulations through an unsteady vehicle power consumption model with distribution grid power flow simulations. The impacts on hourly powerline loads from charging a car fleet with an 8.5% BEV share are quantified in the real distribution grid for the canton of Zurich. The grid is composed of 12,000 buses and 9,800 powerlines, providing power to 398,000 individual customers. Results indicate that the risk of overloaded powerlines is highest in low‐level distribution grids. In our most critical future scenario, with simultaneous 8.5% BEV charging at 8 pm with 11 kW, peak line loads reach up to 132% of rated capacity. Hence, in a potential energy transition towards a decarbonised future, each individual distribution grid could face critical loads at specific temporal and spatial bottlenecks. Thus, grids should be assessed individually to limit uncertainties and risks of critical power system situations.
Funktionelle Testungen zur Ermittlung des Return-to-Activity-Status bei Patienten mit unspezifischen Kreuzschmerzen
Authors: Hanke Alina , Schoch Wolfgang , Keller Matthias , Kurz Eduard , Richter Robert 
Published: May 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Eine Mehrzahl der Rückenschmerzpatienten leidet unter unspezifischen Schmerzen im unteren Rücken, die nicht auf eine bestimmte Ursache zurückzuführen sind, zwei Drittel davon unter rezidivierenden Beschwerden. Um die Wahrscheinlichkeit von wiederkehrenden und anhaltenden Schmerzen zu reduzieren, werden immer häufiger Testungen zur Ermittlung des aktuellen Funktionsstatus angewendet. Die vorliegende Literaturstudie untersucht die Evidenz von funktionellen Tests bei unspezifischen Rückenschmerzen und deren Aussagekraft bezogen auf den Return-to-Activity(RTA)-Status. Speziell zielt die Analyse auf Aktivitätsempfehlungen sowie die Einschätzung des Rezidiv- und Chronifizierungsrisikos ab.
Methoden PubMed-basierte Literaturrecherche. Narrative Übersichtsarbeit aus Arbeiten der letzten zehn Jahre.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 12 Studien in die Analyse eingeschlossen. Es konnten 33 Tests identifiziert werden, zu denen positive Aussagen bezüglich Reliabilität, Validität und ihrer Relevanz bei der Beurteilung des RTA-Status bei unspezifischem Rückenschmerz getroffen werden konnten. Weiter zeigt sich, dass die untersuchten Tests bei der Beurteilung des RTA-Status und auch zum Erkennen von Yellow und Blue Flags bei Patienten mit unspezifischen Rückenschmerzen gewinnbringende Hinweise geben könnten. Dabei spielen die Gehfähigkeit, das Verhalten beim Heben und Tragen von Gegenständen, die motorische Kontrolle, die Muskelkraft und die Beweglichkeit eine übergeordnete Rolle.
Schlussfolgerung Die Ermittlung des RTA-Status bei Patienten mit unspezifischen Rückenschmerzen sollte patientenspezifisch, biopsychosozial orientiert sein und nicht ausschließlich durch bewegungsbezogene Tests erfolgen. Genaue Aussagen, wann ein Patient die alltäglichen Belastungen und seine Arbeit ohne ein erhöhtes Rezidiv- oder Chronifizierungsrisiko wieder aufnehmen kann, scheinen mithilfe funktioneller Tests nicht möglich. Der große Einfluss von psychischen und sozialen Faktoren auf Krankheitsentstehung, -verlauf und -prognose sind dabei limitierende Faktoren. Bewegungs- und belastungsbezogene Tests können dennoch sinnvoll eingesetzt werden, um alltagsbezogene Aktivitäten zu evaluieren, den Therapieprozess zu planen und Patienten Sicherheit vermitteln.
MRI-findings in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (Pseudotumor cerebri)
Authors: Juhász Julia , Hensler Johannes , Jansen Olav 
Published: May 2021

Background Pseudotumor cerebri, also known as idiopathic intracranial hypertension, is a disorder of increased intracranial pressure of unknown etiology. Main symptom is headache which has a characteristic similar to other headache diseases, therefore the idiopathic intracranial hypertension often remains undetected. The incidence is 1/100 000 with the number of unreported cases being much higher. This article highlights the essential role of MRI in the differential diagnosis.
Methods A literature search was carried out on idiopathic intracranial hypertension and Pseudotumor cerebri in English and German. Original and Review articles as well as case reports were taken into account. Since the main focus of the article is MRI diagnostics, some images were selected to illustrate the characteristic MRI morphological features.
Results and Conclusion The diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension is based on an exclusion procedure. Most common syndromes are headache, transient visual obscurations, pulsatile tinnitus and nausea. In the presence of an underlying cause for the increased intracranial pressure one speaks of a secondary intracranial hypertension. The diagnostics include a detailed medical history, neurological and ophthalmic examination, lumbar puncture, and neuroradiological imaging procedures. MRI, in particular, has become increasingly important in recent years, since signs for changes in cerebrospinal fluid pressure are now detectable and well-defined. The therapeutic approaches are symptom-oriented and aim to lower the pressure. With a precise diagnosis and timely start of therapy, idiopathic intracranial hypertension has a good prognosis, especially with regard to the preservation of eyesight.
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Citation Format
Highly Selective Difluoromethylations of β-Keto Amides with ­TMSCF2Br under Mild Conditions
Authors: Wang Yakun , Wang Shuaifei , Zhang Conghui , Zhao Ting , Hu Yanqin , Zhang Mingwei , Chen Pengli , Fu Yang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWithout employing any transition metal and other additives, efficient methods for selective difluoromethylations of β-keto amides with TMSCF2Br reagent have been developed under mild conditions. This protocol allows a convenient access to various α-difluoromethyl β-keto amides with excellent yields (up to 93%) and high carbon/oxygen (C/O) regioselectivities (up to 99:1). The C/O selectivity of β-keto amides could be easily reversed and controlled by simply changing the base. This protocol can be easily scaled-up and the C-difluoromethylation product could be reduced into CF2H-containing amino alcohol derivatives. Moreover, the first enantioselective electrophilic difluoromethylation of β-keto amides has been achieved by phase-transfer catalysis.
Chromium-Catalyzed Reductive Cleavage of Unactivated Aromatic and Benzylic C–O Bonds
Authors: Luo Meiming , Zeng Xiaoming , Yuan Shuqing , Ling Liang , Tang Jinghua 
Published: May 2021

AbstractReductive cleavage of aromatic and benzylic C–O bonds by chromium catalysis is reported. This deoxygenative reaction was promoted by low-cost CrCl2 precatalyst combined with poly(methyl hydrogen siloxane) as the mild reducing agent, providing a strategy in forming reduced motifs by cleavage of unactivated C–O bonds. A range of functional groups such as bromide, chloride, fluoride, hydroxyl, amino, and alkoxycarbonyl can be retained in the reduction.
Succussed Serial Dilutions in Water Carry Solute Information via Solute-Specific Water Structures—A Theory Based on Quantum Electrodynamics
Authors: Maity Tanmoy , Mahata C.R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractActive ingredients are unlikely to be present in homeopathic dilutions that surpass the Avogadro limit. Yet responses of biological systems to these substances—chemically equivalent to water and indistinguishable from one another—are specific to the materials that are diluted away. This article addresses this challenging problem of homeopathy by identifying its underlying cause through a quantum electrodynamics-based “structural model” stated as: Succussed serial dilutions in water carry information about the solute via solute-specific water structures. The model is verifiable by our three-stranded set of experiments—nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, anomalous dielectric dispersion, and atomic force microscopy. The results, some of which are presented here, directly or indirectly indicate that even extremely diluted solutions, devoid of any gross presence of the solutes, contain solute-reminiscent water structures. Apart from contributing to understanding high-dilution phenomena, these findings are expected to create an impact in the areas of medicine, pharmacopeia, and biology. Succussed aqueous dilutions acquire altered water structures with change of starting material: thus, their altered properties may be ascribed to these water structures, akin to allotropes of carbon. This theory justifies water structures as potential information carrier through succussed serial dilutions.
Mass transfer from the rotor to the stator for improving the speed of the piezoelectric motor based on centrifugal force
Authors: Pan Qiaosheng , Huang Ziliang , Wang Quan , Wu Kai , Liu Shanlin , Chen Jian 
Published: May 2021

To improve the speed of a piezoelectric motor based on centrifugal force, a method is proposed on the basis of mass transfer from the rotor to the stator. Multi-degree-of-freedom vibration models are established before and after mass transfer. A mass of 150 g is transferred from the six-hole rotor to the stator. This process increases the rotation frequency of the rotor under the same friction loss and increases the energy fed into the rotor by the stator. The motor operates at a frequency close to the resonance frequency. The change in the initial phase with the operating frequency close to the resonance frequency is analyzed, and the phase adjustment device and the signal processing circuit are designed. Two prototypes, one with and one without mass transfer, are fabricated and measured. As the initial phase is adjusted from 0° to 75°, the motor rotation frequency gradually increases, approaching the resonant frequency of the motor. When the excitation voltage is 790 Vp-p, the speed of the piezoelectric motor with a mass transfer of 150 g reaches 11 004 rpm, which is 89% faster than the speed of that without mass transfer.
Numerical simulation and experimental research of LRIT-30 radio frequency ion thruster
Authors: Pu Yanxu , Li Xingda , Wu Chenchen , Sun Xinfeng , Jia Lianjun , Zhang Tianping , Lv Fangwei , Chen Xinwei 
Published: May 2021

This study aimed at discussing the laws of the design parameters of a radio frequency (RF) ion thruster that influence the thruster performance, guide the performance optimization-oriented design of the thruster, and realize the high-accuracy continuous adjustment of the thrust performance. The key influencing parameters of the thrust performance were analyzed by the numerical simulation method. The influencing laws of RF parameters on key plasma parameters, as well as the thermal characteristics of the thruster under the rated parameters, were explored. Moreover, a LRIT-30 RF ion thruster was developed and subjected to the performance adjustment test. The research results demonstrated that the simulation model can describe the plasma parameter distribution of the discharge chamber and the thermal distribution of key components. The 3 cm RF ion thruster performs well under 2 MHz operational frequency. The RF power and gas flow rate are the key influencing factors of beam extraction and are appropriate for the accurate adjustment of parameters. The wide-range adjustment of thrust (0.5–2.3 mN) and specific impulse (869–2564 s) can be realized when the screen-grid voltage, decelerating screen voltage, RF power, and gas flow rate are 1500 V, −200 V, 40–65 W, and 0.4–0.8 SCCM, respectively. The performance indices of the proposed RF ion thruster are close to the international advanced level.
Magnetic field imaging in a laboratory plasma
Authors: Gilbert T. J. , Stevenson K. J. , Paul M. C. , Steinberger T. E. , Scime E. E. 
Published: May 2021

In laboratory plasmas, arrays of probes have typically been used to measure the evolution of the magnetic field topology. Here, we present initial image-based measurements of the magnetic topology in a low-temperature plasma using a purely optical diagnostic. Laser induced fluorescence measurements of neutral velocity distribution functions are made using a fast camera, imaging the Zeeman splitting of σ-peaks in neutral argon. The separation of σ-peaks provides spatially resolved magnetic field magnitude measurements with a detection threshold on the order of 10 G.
Integrated solutions of non-densely defined semilinear integro-differential inclusions: existence, topology and applications
Authors: Pietkun R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Given a linear closed but not necessarily densely defined operator

on a Banach space

with nonempty resolvent set and a multivalued map

with weakly sequentially closed graph, we consider the integro-differential inclusion

We focus on the case when

generates an integrated semigroup and obtain existence of integrated solutions if

is weakly compactly generated and

satisfies

where

and

denotes the De Blasi measure of noncompactness. When

is separable, we are able to show that the set of all integrated solutions is a compact

-subset of the space

endowed with the weak topology. We use this result to investigate a nonlocal Cauchy problem described by means of a nonconvex-valued boundary condition operator. We also include some applications to partial differential equations with multivalued terms are.
Bibliography: 26 titles.
Two game-theoretic problems of approach
Authors: Ershov A. A. , Ushakov A. V. , Ushakov V. N. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A nonlinear conflict control system in a finite-dimensional Euclidean space on a finite time interval is considered. Two interrelated game-theoretic problems of making a system approach a compact set at a fixed moment of time are studied. A method for constructing approximate solutions to game problems of approach is presented. Most attention is paid to problems related to constructing approximations of the solvability sets of game problems in the phase space.
Bibliography: 35 titles.
Complete sets of polynomials in bi-involution on nilpotent seven-dimensional Lie algebras
Authors: Vorushilov K. S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we construct complete sets of polynomials in bi-involution on nilpotent Lie algebras of dimension 7 in the list due to Gong. Thus we verify the generalized Mishchenko-Fomenko conjecture for all algebras in this list.
Bibliography: 14 titles.
Single-cell sequencing reveals suppressive transcriptional programs regulated by MIS/AMH in neonatal ovaries
Authors: Meinsohn Marie-Charlotte , Saatcioglu Hatice D. , Wei Lina , Li Yi , Horn Heiko , Chauvin Maeva , Kano Motohiro , Nguyen Ngoc Minh Phuong , Nagykery Nicholas , Kashiwagi Aki , Samore Wesley R. , Wang Dan , Oliva Esther , Gao Guangping , Morris Mary E. , Donahoe Patricia K. , Pépin David 
Published: May 2021

Significance
This study improves our understanding of the role of Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS/AMH) in antagonizing primordial follicle activation. By applying scRNA-seq methods to neonatal mouse ovaries, we revealed transcriptional signatures associated with MIS treatment in ovarian cell types present during the first wave of folliculogenesis and follicle development. We showed that MIS inhibits pregranulosa cell differentiation and the proliferation of ovarian surface epithelium and stromal cells. MIS also uncoupled granulosa and germ cell maturation, leading to abnormal development of activated follicles. These findings identify markers and pathways related to primordial follicle quiescence that could be targeted in contraception, preservation of ovarian reserve during aging or chemotherapy, or synchronization of preantral follicle growth for IVF.
Activity pattern of Scotophilus kuhlii at agriculture and urban landscape area in Tasik Chini and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Authors: Ahmad-Bakri F A , Abd-Rahman N A , Ahmad Z A M , Maryati M , Abu-Bakar M F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The ecology of Scotophilus kuhlii is poorly known. Thus, this study was done to determine the activity pattern of the bats. Radio tracking was done for ten bats (five males and five females) in September and October 2014. The tracking was done after the transmitter were glued behind bats below their scapula. From this study, the mean home range size of S. kuhlii in agriculture (0.68km2) was higher than that in urban landscape (0.37km2). The overlapping between males and females bats home ranges showed that this occurs due to existence of many food resources in the region. This is an important ecological information so that the conservation effort can be done accordingly. This is due to different species may differ in their responses to environmental factors such as habitat fragmentation.
The Impact of Environmental Education (EE) on the Society’s Awareness, Responsibility, and Attitude towards the Development of a Lifelong Attitude of Pro-Conservation Behaviour in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah
Authors: Charlie E F , Taat M S , Nordin M N , Saikim F H 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The deterioration of our environmental conditions is caused by human behaviour. It is a fact that our environment and ecosystem suffered a tremendous amount of exploitation and extinction due to human’s greed and ignorance. This research aims to identify the impacts of Environmental Education (EE) among Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, and to identify the significant difference and significance correlation on their awareness, responsibility, and attitude to a lifelong attitude of pro-conservation behaviour. The questionnaire is used as a research instrument and SPSS analyses the data. Mean; SD; t-test and Pearson coefficient of correlation was the statistical techniques used to analyze the data and Leximancer software used for the content analysis. A total of 500 respondents participated in the survey, and 20 respondents were interviewed. In this study, EE has effectively raised the student’s environmental awareness, but relatively ineffective in changing their behaviour. The results revealed that there was a significant difference based on demographic aspects from the data collected. The results via statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) revealed that there was a significant positive correlation on society’s awareness (r = .351), responsibility (r = .484) and attitude (r = .552) with pro-conservation behaviour from the data collected. The society’s awareness, responsibility, attitude, and behaviour towards conservation are essential and needed more attention from various parties to develop a lifelong attitude towards environment and biodiversity conservation. It is hoped that this study’s findings will be beneficial in providing information and guidelines for more effective planning of EE programmes in the future.
Estimation of liana infestation above canopy in Bukit Bakar recreational park, Kelantan using an unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Norashikin F , Ibrahim B , Aziz S N A , Musfiroh J , Kamarul Ariffin H 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A study on lianas estimation has been conducted in 1 ha plot at Bukit Bakar Recreational Park, Machang, Kelantan. Liana infestation on tree crowns was assessed from above by using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), DJI Phantom-4 Pro which was manually piloted. Liana load carried by trees were determined by calculating the percentage liana cover (%LC) and measuring crown occupancy index (COI). Collection of image data by UAV had been captured and geo-tagged with GPS location. The value of crown occupancy index (COI) depends on the accuracy of the percentage liana cover (%LC). Fourteen host trees infested by lianas were identified. The value COI of 14 lianas-infested trees were in the range between 0 – 2, indicating low and moderate infestation. One point was recorded with very low liana load, nine points with moderate liana and four points with low liana load on tree crowns with 0.76% to 29.9% of liana cover respectively. The moderate and lower values obtained was probably due to the lesser of anthropogenic disturbance and natural disturbance that occurred after 40 years of selective management system logging. The liana infestation was distributed homogeneously. The lower liana COI obtained, indicates the ongoing progress of forest succession in Bukit Bakar that gradually hindered liana proliferation within the proximity. This method could promote the local authority in forestry management particularly in managing the tree crown occupancy of liana in the logged-over forest.