bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modification of geometry of airfoil NACA 0018 towards work testing vertical axis wind type Darrieus Eggbeater
Authors: Tarihoran B , Sebayang M D , Pane M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Technological developments on energy savings are caused by increasing demand for energy use from year to year. This is done to avoid an energy crisis. The energy crisis is a problem that is being faced because of the depletion of fossil energy. To restore fossil energy can require natural processes in a long time. With the limited availability of fossil energy, it is very necessary to develop alternative energy sources that are friendly to the environment, one of which is wind energy. Indonesia is an archipelago, so the wind speed in Indonesia is relatively low, then in this study can be overcome using a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT). This research was conducted to find out power of Coefficient, type speed ratio in the variation of wind speed in the turbine. This study uses a wind power design with a vertical axis. Blades are used from modified NACA 0018 airfoil. Research result taken at the time of testing is with wind speeds ranging from 3 m / s to 6,1 m/s which measures the capacity of electric power produced by turbines with a load of 10 watts. The results of this study are the minimum actual power of the turbine 2.881 Watt with TSR 0.4 and Cp 0.18 at wind speed 3 m/s, and the maximum power obtained at a speed of 6,1m/s that is equal to 14.62 Watt with a TSR of 0.25 and Cp of 0.29.
The genetic diversity of angsana (Pterocarpus indicus) in Purwodadi Botanical Garden Indonesia revealed by rDNA ITS
Authors: Danarto S A , Qiptiyah M , Prihatini I , C Widyatmoko A Y P B 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Pterocarpus indicus or angsana is one of the tropical tree species that produce redwood. It has been listed as an endangered species by IUCN since 2018, as its natural population number has declined and possibly extinct in some countries. Therefore, conservation efforts to protect this species must be carried out based on the appropriate conservation strategy. This study aimed to assess molecular characters of Pterocarpus species in Purwodadi Botanical Garden using rDNA ITS (internal transcribed spacer) and its association with morphological characters. Information on genetic and morphological characters will precisely identify this species so that conservation strategy can be appropriately planned. Leaf samples of eighteen P. indicus trees were collected from Purwodadi Botanical Garden (PBG) and used in this study. Twelve specimens that provide clear DNA sequence were genetically assessed. The results showed that P. echinatus exhibited rDNA ITS character similar to that P. indicus, while P. indicus specimens from Morotai were very different from other P. indicus specimens. Morotai specimens showed 89% similarity to several Pterocarpus species, including P. acapulcensis, P. rohrii and P. indicus. The morphological characters were assessed along with molecular characters. The impacts of conservation strategies are discussed in this paper.
Diversity of pollen collected by kelulut bee (Heterotrigona itama) from South Kalimantan
Authors: Hakim S S , Siswadi S , Wahyuningtyas R S , Halwany W , Rahmanto B , Lestari F , Basiang H A , Alamsyah M S , Susianto A , Buwono D C , Suryanto E , Saad A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Pollen is an essential source of proteins and vitamins for the bee diet. In addition, the diversity of pollen found in honey provides information about plant species that illustrate the bees foraging activity. This study aims to identify pollen in kelulut (Heterotrigona itama) beehives and identify its botanical origins. This study was conducted in two bee farming locations which are Layuh Village, Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency, and Gambah Luar Village, Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency, South Kalimantan Province. Pollen was collected from the beehives and stored in an airtight container. Collected pollen was identified using the acetolysis method. According to this study, there were 14 pollen types found, where only 9 of them can be identified. In the first locations (Layuh Village), most pollen came from Asteraceae (38.8%) and Arecaceae (31.2%) families. While at the Gambah Luar village, pollen was dominated by those who originated from the Rubiaceae family (31.2%). This result also revealed that Heterotrogona itama is a multi-floral bee and has various diets consisting of fruit, ornamental, and herbaceous plants. The information generated from this study can be used as plant enrichment recommendations in the honey bee farming areas.
Effect of axenic culture and NAA in Vitro on masoyi (Cryptocarya massoy (Oken) Kosterm) seeds regeneration
Authors: Wibisono Y , Putri A I , Hadiyan Y , Haryjanto L , Hakim L , Sumardi  , Yeny I , Utomo P M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The high valuable endemic commodities in Papua, Masoyi’s (Cryptocarya massoy) population facing great threat due to unsustainable harvest system. Generative propagation faces significant challenges due to seed characteristics and habitat conditions. Controlled conditions and the role of hormones have an important effect on generative growth. This study aimed to determine the influence of axenic culture with sterilization treatments Isothiazolone Biocide (IB) and 1-Naphtaleaneacetic Acid (NAA) in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium on seed regeneration and to observe the development of seedlings at the acclimatization stage. The tissue culture method was used. The highest percentage of axenic cultures (57%) was obtained with 5% of BI. The germination rate of masoyi seeds was achieved by 100%. Furthermore, it showed varied responses depending upon concentrations of NAA, the addition of 1 ml l−1 NAA in MS medium is recommended. Acclimatization has been successfully carried out in the greenhouse (67% survival rate) and excellent seedlings growth at nursery (52.35 + 0.6 cm in height after one year transferred). The impact of the controlled conditions and the addition of NAA to axenic cultures in vitro increased the germination of masoyi seeds. Axenic culture and hormones were also important requirements for mass propagation of masoyi by tissue culture.
Pests of Sonneratia caseolaris seedlings in the mangrove restoration area nursery of Berbak-Sembilang National Park and its damage
Authors: Utami S , Kunarso A , Kurniawan A , Lelana N E , Haneda N F 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Sonneratia caseolaris is one of the mangrove species that is widespread in Indonesia. It has important ecological functions to protect coastal foreshores. However, the S. caseolaris seedlings are rarely to be planted in mangrove restoration projects. One of the challenges in producing many S. caseolaris seedlings for mangrove restoration projects is pest infestation. However, the information on those pests is still limited. This study aimed to identify S. caseolaris pests that hinder the successfulness of cultivation. The incidence and intensity of pest infestation on S. caseolaris seedlings have also been assessed. This research was carried out in the nursery of the mangrove restoration area of Berbak-Sembilang National Park. The results showed that insect and rodentia were two major groups found infested S. caseolaris seedlings. Three species of insect pests were identified, namely Pteroma plagiophleps, Ooecophylla sp., and Sexava sp. The incidence and severity of P. plagiophleps, Ooecophylla sp., and Sexava sp. infestation were 16.38%; 21.02%; 6.68%; and 30.83%; 42.67%, 25.83%, respectively. For rodentia pest, the Rattus sp. was the only species found to infest the plant, with an incidence of 16.67%. These all pests significantly affect the growth performance of S. caseolaris seedlings.
The vegetation structure and economic value of Arenga pinnata Merr by community surrounding forest of Mount Halimun Salak National Park, Indonesia
Authors: Adalina Y , Sawitri R 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Aren is a non-timber forest product in Mount Halimun Salak National Park (MHSNP) that supports conservation and community welfare. This study was conducted to determine the potential economic value of aren for the local community. Sukajaya Village was selected purposively as the center of palm sugar production. The data were collected by vegetation inventory and interviews in Sukajaya Village selected by random sampling. Vegetation measurements were done in the forest areas of Mount Rongocongo, i.e., Cibedug Resort. In the mixed garden of MHSNP forest areas, the aren’s density was 237 trees per ha with an Important Value Index (IVI) of 139.59%. Unfortunately, there was no regeneration of aren seedling. Aren tapping is an essential livelihood. Thirty farmers who work as tappers as their main or side jobs earn an average of IDR 654,000 months−1 individual−1. This figure accounts for 64.36% of the total household income of farmers. To eliminate the conflict areas, the local community needs to cultivate aren and fruits from forest areas near their settlement, or boundary land of MHSNP closed to their settlement. Derivation and product variations such as nira processing into powdered palm sugar and processing the sugar palm fruit are also important to increase their economic value. Therefore, the local community around MHSNP needs assistance and institution to develop the utilization of aren plantation.
Reproductive outputs of two sandalwood landraces with different genetic base and clonality levels in Gunung Sewu, Indonesia
Authors: Putri A D C , Indrioko S , Nugroho A , Faridah E , Ratnaningrum Y W N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Based on the genetic base and clonality level, sandalwood (Santalum album) formed two types of landraces along with the Gunung Sewu Global Geopark Network in the southern part of Java islands, Indonesia. These two types are represented by Bejiharjo (which has a low genetic base and high clonality) and Bleberan (which has a high genetic base and low clonality) landraces. This study aimed to observe the quality of sandalwood seeds collected from the two landraces to determine the qualified seeds. We collected and tested all produced seeds of fruiting parent trees from August 2019 to March 2020. The physical and physiological quality tests included counting the number of seeds, measuring the seed size, and testing the viability of seeds. The Bleberan landrace produced 9161 seeds with 22.06% of seed viability. Meanwhile, the Bejiharjo produced only 158 seeds, of which all failed to germinate. Lower genetic base and higher clonality increased the inbred progenies, led to inbreeding depression, and decreased seed production and viability. Therefore, the qualified seed from the Bleberan landraces is worth considering to provide future genetic materials.
The initial growth of tacca (Tacca leontopetaloides) as food crops in the agroforestry pattern with malapari
Authors: Hani A , Damayanti R U , Megawati  , Suharti T , Zanzibar  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Indonesia has many types of carbohydrate sources. Tacca (Tacca leontopetaloides) has potential as a source of the functional food industry, especially maltotriose and maltotetraose production. Tacca grows well in an open or a shaded area on sandy soil-mineral, soil pH is slightly alkaline, with very low to low Cation Exchange Capacity. Malapari (Pongamia pinnata) is a biofuel-producing plant with a natural distribution on coastal land. Planting combination between malapari as an energy-producing plant and tacca as a food source has never existed. So, it needs to be incentives in developing agroforestry that can provide intermediate results for farmers. The requirement of good quality tacca seedlings is a crucial factor in supporting food security. This study aimed to determine the effect of the types of tacca seeds used on the initial growth of tacca. The study used a randomized complete block design consisting of 3 (three) treatments: a) large tubers, b) small tubers, and c) the origin of seeds. The results showed that plants from large tubers produced the highest number of shoots, height, and diameter (5.83; 27.77 cm and 0.43 cm). Five years old malapari reaches a diameter of 6.95 cm, a height of 3.89 m, and a crown width of 2.43 m.
Diversity of endophytic fungal species from Styrax benzoin found in benzoin-producing locations in North Sumatra
Authors: Slamet W Y , Faulina S A , Hidayat A , Susilowati A , Elfiati D , Rahayu L M , Turjaman M 
Published: November 2021

AbstractStyrax benzoinis a native tree to Indonesia, particularly in North Sumatra. This plant species produces benzoin resin, which is beneficial for medicinal treatments, hence its commercial value. Endophytic fungi help produce bioactive metabolites and contribute to resin production. However, the diversity of endophytic fungal species fromS. benzoingrown in North Sumatra remained largely unexplored. This study aims to determine the distribution and diversity of culturable endophytic fungi from twokemenyan-producing locations in North Sumatra, Simalungun and North Tapanuli, as well as their tree part origin. A total of 7 and 8 endophytic fungal species were obtained from barks, stems, and/or leaves ofS. benzoingrown in Simalungun and North Tapanuli, respectively, and identified by internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis. Endophytic fungi from North Tapanuli showed higher diversity, with a Shannon-Wiener index of 2.31 than those from Simalungun (1.95). Morisita-Horn similarity indices for bark-stem, stem-leaf, and bark-leaf were 0.47, 0.08, and 0, respectively, hinting at organ-specificity colonization. This study offers insights into the diversity of endophytic fungi isolated fromS. benzoinwhich may contribute to future improvement of benzoin resin production.
The performance of paludiculture commodities at different peat depths in Central Kalimantan
Authors: Yuwati T W , Rachmanadi D , Qirom M A , Santosa P B , Halwany W , Hakim S , Alimah D 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Paludiculture is one of the alternative efforts to restore degraded peatland. It involves rewetting, revegetation and revitalization of local livelihood. This research evaluated three paludiculture demonstration plots at Central Kalimantan, one in the shallow peat of Pilang village and two plots in the deep peat of Tumbang Nusa village. The plots were evaluated in terms of the plant’s growth, productivity, commodities introduced and environmental monitoring, including water table, soil physical and chemical properties, carbon stocks and CO2 emission. The results showed that the three plots were categorized as “compromised” paludiculture plots because some of the commodities were not local peatland species. Belangeran (Shorea balangeran) and horticultural plant species such as rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) and pineapple (Ananas comosus) showed good growth performance. Liberica coffee (Coffea liberica) was not suitable for deep peat due to its low survival rate and poor growth. The result also showed that soil peat characteristics of the sites were still in good condition; however, the impact of peatland utilization should have been monitored to support land-use sustainability. Moreover, stingless bee cultivation and vegetables could become potential commodities to be developed in shallow and deep peatland.
Flowering and fruiting phenology of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) from Sumatra landraces in ex situ conservation area in Karangmojo, Yogyakarta
Authors: Fathin A N , Astuti D , Winarni W W , Ratnaningrum Y W N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the flowering and fruiting phenology of jackfruit originated from Sumatra landraces planted in ex situ conservation in Yogyakarta within the 2018 and 2019 flowering periods. Flowering ontogeny and phenology were observed following Owens and Pushpakumara methods. Results found five developmental stages of male inflorescences, which last in 64-101 days, ended by the drought and abscissed of the males. Female inflorescences undergo five stages which take 92-160 days in total. Differences in rainfall and the dry season period resulted in different onset and duration of flowering. In 2018, which has more rainfall and a shorter dry season, flowering initiates lately (February-June) with a longer duration (6 months). In 2019, the less rainfall and more extended dry season resulted in early flowering (January-April) with a shorter duration (4 months). The Medan landrace flowered later and longer. Flowering synchrony occurred between sexes within the same tree, but there was asynchronous flowering among individual trees. Water availability is crucial in flowering and fruit production. Flowering stimulation and pollination management may also be conducted to increase flower production, pollinating agents, and fruit production and synchronize the flowering.
A Review: Prospective study of non-timber forest product uses in three Meranti species (Shorea spp.)
Authors: Wardani M , Denny  , Susilo A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Meranti (Shorea spp.) is a commercial timber tree species of Indonesian forest potentially to be developed for Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs). We explored the NTFPs perspective of three Meranti species, Shorea hopeifolia (F.Heim) Symington, Shorea ovalis (Korth.) Blume, and Shorea balangeran Burk, by identifying the content of phytochemical compounds. Data collection methods include: exploration, identification to obtain the accuracy of the species scientific name, and analysis the phytochemical content using Gas Chromatographic Mass Spectrometer (GCMS) pyrolysis. We revealed the bark of the tree species contained phytochemical compounds potential for medicinal ingredients especially for antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anticancer. Since the exploitation of the bark is better than the trees, the potential use of non-timber forest products of the meranti supports the conservation of the species. Further research to unveil other benefits of the meranti species should be conducted.
Influence of jeringau (Acorus calamus Linn.) rhizome extract against dry-wood termites (Cryptotermes cynocephalus Light.)
Authors: Ismanto A , Anggraeni I , Agustiningrum D A , Ardiansyah Y 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis Muell Arg.) is classified as a hardwood, yet it is vulnerable to dry-wood termites attack, namely Cryptotermes cynocephalus Light. Hence, a preservative is necessary for prevention. The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of jeringau rhizome extract on dry-wood termites C. cynocephalus attack. The experimental design was a completely randomized factorial design with two factors include 2 levels of solvent (water and ethanol) and 4 levels of extract ratio (1:4, 1:6, 1:8, and 1:10). Parameters observed were actual retention, termites mortality, sample weight loss, and attack degree. Rubberwood was sized in 5 cm x 3 cm x 3 cm. The method used was immersing the samples in a container that contains jeringau rhizome extract in various treatments for 72 hours. The immersed samples were then fed to healthy and active C. cynocephalus for 12 weeks. The results showed that the type of solvents and extract ratio had a significant effect on termites mortality and samples weight loss, while actual retention was influenced by the extract ratio. In conclusion, the most effective formula to prevent dry-wood termites attack was jeringau rhizome extract with a weight ratio of jeringau powder and ethanol 1:6.
Trials of frankincense harvesting using organic stimulants
Authors: Andini S , Ningrum M H , Sukadaryati  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Generally, frankincense resin is used as a raw material of the cosmetic and pharmacy industry and is often used as traditional rituals related to mystical things. However, the information related to the stimulant application on frankincense tapping is lacking even not available yet. This article aims to provide the initial information on frankincense tapping technic using three organic stimulants. The trials were conducted in one of the community forests in Dolog Sanggul, North Sumatera. The trees sampled were 40 with an average diameter of 17.07 cm that adjusted with the variable used. Organic stimulants used in this study were wood vinegar, galangal, and lime. The result showed a) the organic stimulant was potential to be applied in frankincense harvesting based on the productivity of produced resin; b) the application of three organic stimulants in frankincense harvesting affected the resin production compared to the control (without stimulant), and c) the resin yield varied between 0.177-1.051 gr with a harvesting period of one month. As an illustration, the resin yield of one frankincense tree averagely 0.1-0.5 kg per year with a harvesting period of 3-4 months without stimulant. The innovation of frankincense harvesting is necessary to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the stem wounding process and stimulant application.
Trial performance of the zero waste harvesting method in three forest concession companies, Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia
Authors: Dulsalam  , Soenarno  , Sukadaryati  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Currently, natural forest management companies (concession permit of timber forest products utilization-natural forest/IUPHHK-HA) have implemented Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) technology but timber harvesting is still carried out using the conventional method. Tree length logging is an alternative method of harvesting wood in an effort to reduced waste and increases the efficiency of the utilization of timber forest products and the preservation of natural production forests. The potential for wood harvesting waste is estimated at 2.21 million m3year−1 and has remained left in the cutting compartment for decades. The purpose of this paper is to obtain technical and financial information about forest harvesting on a zero waste basis. Data collection was carried out by experimental methods. Productivity, efficiency, cost, and stand damage data were collected. The results of the research in three IUPHHK-HA in Central Kalimantan show that the zero waste logging method can reduced harvesting waste by 5.1% and increase the efficiency of wood utilization from 87.7-92.8%. Another advantage of the zero waste logging method is that the additional waste from the trunk above the first branch is about 5.8%. The productivity of the conventional method averaged 26.333 m3hour−1 at a cost of IDR 33,941 m−3 while the tree length logging method was 27.320 m3hour−1 at a cost of IDR 35,251 m−3. It is suggested that the tree length logging method be implemented in natural production forest harvesting.
A review: The utilization and its benefits of liquid smoke from lignocellulosic waste
Authors: Winarni I , Gusmailina  , Komarayati S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the integrated charcoal technology, the smoke arising from the process is flowed into a pipe which is cooled, so that the smoke turns into a liquid, so it is called liquid smoke. Therefore, the technology to produce liquid smoke is environmentally friendly. The raw material used in the process of making wood vinegar is generally in the form of lignocellulose waste which contains lignin and cellulose such as wood waste, bamboo waste, oil palm shell waste, coconut shell waste and others. With simple technology input, liquid smoke can be produced from this waste, which has many benefits. The method to produce the liquid smoke was through a process of charcoal or pyrolysis which produces three forms of solid products, namely charcoal, products in the form of gases, namely smoke, and products in the form of liquids, so called tar and liquid smoke; and the main component as a characteristic of liquid smoke were acetic acid, phenolic and carbamic acid. Phenol is the compound that plays the most role in liquid smoke, because it is antibacterial and antifungal and inhibits fat oxidation. Therefore, liquid smoke with its various benefits can be a solution for the problems of pets and bacteria in agriculture or environmental pollution.