bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance, Linear Body Measurements and Carcass Characteristics of WAD Goats Fed Diets Supplemented with Slaughterhouse By-Products.
Authors: Isah O. A. , Abieyuwa O. , Akinsoyunu A. O. 
Published: February 2021

This study was designed to investigate the effect of slaughter house by-product-based diets on feed utilization, body measurements and quantitative carcass characteristics of West African Dwarf (WAD) goat. Rations were formulated such that 0%(A), 35%(B), 70%(C) and 100%{D) of soybean meal were replaced weight for weight with the slaughter house by-product, in a concentrate diet. Sixteen WAD goats were allocated to the various dietary traetments in a completely randomized design for 126 days and were slaughted for carcass analysis, Result shows that animals on diet B had the least DM intake per unit metabolic size, their feed conversion ratio (i.e weight gained/dr. matter intake) was the best i.e. one kg of feed produced 0.2kg of body The data recorded for nitrogen retention in this study ranged from 6.60 to 8.83g/day. The mean apparent metabolizable energ (ME) consumed by animal on treatments A to D was 0.181, 0.171, 0.175 and 0.189Mcal/day 071 respectively. Animals on ration B recorded 48.4 cm and 39.1cm for body length and height ai withers respectively. Dressing percent was highest in goats on diet B(73.6%). Least value of cooking loss(29.73%) was observed in semitendernosus muscle of animals on diet B, while those on diet D(36.43%) had the highest result. There were significant dietary effect (P<0.05) on carcass composition of goats. Ration D produced carcass with the highest weight of lean muscles(4655.0g), but the least proportion of fat(174.0g) and the highest proportion of bones(1904.0g). It could be deduced that ration D supported the development of animals with tall and lean body comformation while slaughter result revealed that animals on ration B had the best dressing%.
Growth and Testicular Spermatozoa Reserve Potential Of Pre-pubertal Rabbits Fed With Diet Containing 16% Bovine Rumen Digesta-BIood Meal Mixture (50:50) In combination With 18% Cooked Macuna Bean Meal
Authors: Togun V. A. , Farinu G. O. , Ojebiyi O. O. , Ayorinde S. A. , Majaro C. O. 
Published: February 2021

The growth response of pre-pubertal rabbits and their gonadal sperm reserve potential at pubertal stage when fed diets containing a combination of 16% (50-50) bovine rumen digesta-blood meal (BRDBM) mixture and 18% cooked mucuna bean (CMBM). This was in replacement of 500/0 of the maize and 50% of the groundnut cake of a pre-pubertal control diet. Twenty-four male rabbits of mixed breed aged between 6-8 weeks and body weight range 900-915g were randomly allocated to two diets: the control (diet 1) and the experimental (diet 2). Daily feed intake (72.4±7.5g vs 64.0±9.1g), total weight gain (518±1g Vs 406±18g) and Terminal live weight (1427±48g vs 1317±410 were significantly (P <0.05) higher in the control than experimental group. Feed to gain ratio in group I was marginally lower (7.5±2.6g Vs 8.5±1.2g) than for diet 2. However, dressing percentage (68.6±7.00/6 Vs 75.4±9.0%) was significantly higher in the rabbits on diet 2 than diet l. The cost per kg of diet Vs as well as the cost per kg live weight gain (N352.6±O.l VsN344.5H).l) was significantly lower for diet 2 than diet l. The paired testes weight (1.8±0.6g Vs 1.9±0.40, daily sperm production (3.6x 108 Vs 3,8x 108) and testicular spermatozoa reserve were marginally higher in rabbit on diet 2 (experimental) than diet 1 (control). The paired epididymal weight for rabbits on diet 2 was significantly (P <0.05) higher (0.6±0.3g Vs 1.2±0.30 than those on diet l, indicating more efficient sperm storage. The hematological measured were not affected (P>O. 05) by the dietary treatments. The non-significant difference (P>O. 05) in the efficiency of sperm production and sperm reserve between the two diets confirmed that the inclusion of these materials, in the diet of rabbits supports the ventures Of increasing animal protein sources through cheaper rabbits production process in Nigeria
Teaching Animal Genetics and Breeding: What are the resources available to instructors?
Authors: Durunna O. N. , Schonwetter D. J. , Crow G. H. 
Published: February 2021

The dynamism of education requires that teaching and learning follow suit. The globalization of education community has made materials for teaching and learning easily accessible but sometimes being aware that these resources exist is challenging. The present resource manual attempts to address this by highlighting some of the teaching and learning resources that are available to the instructor in animal genetics and breeding. The availability of the Internet has improved the access to teaching resources that will be of assistance to teachers and learners. Taking cognizance of this rich resource, a teaching resource portfolio relevant to the animal genetics and breeding has been developed. The portfolio includes some textbook resources for improvement of general teaching skills and course development; educational visual resources such as videos and internet sites: publishing companies that provide teaching texts as well as ancillary teaching resources; some journals relevant to animal genetics and breeding; and brief descriptions of the items contained in the portfolio. Some recommended articles focusing specifically on current issues in teaching that facilitate the process of learning for students as it may pertain to the animal genetics and breeding classroom as well as online sites of relevant humor content resources are provided. As such, this teaching resource manual is timely in providing instructors in animal genetics and breeding with the links to important teaching resources.
The Effect of Genotype and Age of Layer Breeders on Egg Quality Traits
Authors: Olawumi S. O. , Ogunlade J. T. 
Published: February 2021

The external and internal qualities of 120 eggs (60:60) from Isa Brown (IB) and Bovan Nera (BN) layer breeders were evaluated at 15th and 30th week of their production. The genotypes differed significantly (P<0.09) m external egg quality traits except egg weight and egg length. IB recorded higher values in egg width, eggshell weight, eggshell thickness, shape index and shell ratio than BN, while the reverse trend was for egg length. This implies that IB genotype produced eggs with thicker shells than BN, which invariably will lead to a reduction in the rate of cracks and leakages both on the farm and in the hatchery thereby enhancing better hatchability. The age effect was significant (P<0.05) for all the external egg quality traits. The analysis showed that eggs produced at 30th week were better in terms of external quality traits with the exception of egg shape index. There was positive and significant (P <0.05) interaction effect between genotype and age on eggshell width and shell ratio but not for other traits. As regards internal egg quality traits, the genotypes differed significantly (P<0.05) in all the traits except yolk width, yolk height and albumen weight. IB recorded higher (P<0.05) values in yolk weight, albumen width and yolk ratio than BN, while the latter recorded higher values in albumen height, albumen ratio and haugh unit (HU) than the former The effect of age on internal traits was positive and significant (P<0.05) with the exception f yolk width, albumen width, yolk ratio and albumen ratio. The result showed that the 30th week analyses recorded higher (P<0.05) values in these traits than 15th week. This implies that the quality of breeding eggs improves with the advancing age of the birds. Breed x age interactions were significant for yolk weight and albumen width but not found for other traits. IB genotype was considered the best for external egg quality traits and produced thicker eggshell. However, BN genotype produced superior egg quality than lB having recorded higher values (P< 0.05) in HU, which is a determinant of egg quality
Nutritive attributes of Sesbania parchycapa fodder in a crop-livestock farming system
Authors: Akinlade J. A. , Larbi A. , Awojide A. A. , Adekunle I. O. , Ojebiyi O. O. , Aderinola O. A. 
Published: February 2021

Two experiments were conducted to investigate and compare the nutritive attributes of Sesbania parchycapa (SP) in a crop-livestock farming system. In Experiment 1, the feeding attributes of Sesbania parchycapa (SP) fodder was investigated with 15 West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep, by feeding Panicum maximum (PM) alone and P. maximum supplemented with S. parchycapa (SP) in the ratio of 70:30. The study lasted 28 days, during which feed intake was monitored daily. In Experiment 2, the nutritive value of SP was investigated with WAD sheep and goats by feeding them as sole diets. The study lasted 15 days consisting of 10 days adjustment and 5 days of data collection using 5 each of bucks and rams in a completely randomised design. In the first trial, DM intake (99.5g/kgBW0.75) was higher for the control PM and least (72.8g/kgBW0.75) for SP. Total DM intake followed similar trend. In the second trial, DM (185g/kgBW0.75), CP (40%) and NDF (645g/kgBW0.75) intakes were generally higher (p<0.05). for sheep than for goats. DAM (562), CP (421) and NDF 680g/kg digestibility coefficients were also higher (p<0.05)for sheep than for goats. The N balance and retention (g/h/d) was higher in sheep. Results indicated that intake, digestibility and N- utilisation of S. parcyhcapa by sheep is better than goats although both had a positive N-balance. It could be concluded that apart from the well known positive impact of S. Parchycapa in agro forestry and alley farming systems, it can effectively serve as protein supplement in a small holder crop-livestock farming system.
Effects of Spondias mombin l. On milk composition of lactating West African Dwarf (WAD) ewes
Authors: Oguike M. A. , Udeh M. E. 
Published: February 2021

A study was conducted to investigate the effects of Spondias mombin on milk composition using milk from twelve lactating West African dwarf (WAD) ewes. The lactating ewes were assigned to two treatment groups of six ewes per group, designated T1 and T2 representing control and trial group, respectively The ewes in T2, the trial group were fed Spondias mombin L. post partum while those in T1 the control were not fed Spondias mombin. Colostrum samples were collected from each ewe the first four days following parturition while normal milk was sampled for analysis after two weeks of lambing through 12 weeks of lactation. The constituents studied were lactose, milk protein, butterfat, ash, total solids and solid non-fat. Results showed that the colostrums of ewes fed S. mombin had significantly higher (P<0.05) total solids, and solids not fat contents of 18.34 and 11.31% respectively, than those of the control ewes which were 17.32 and 10.35%, respectively. The other constituents of colostrums of the different groups were not significantly different (P>0.05). At week 2 of lactation, lactose (3.98%) and ash (0.98%) concentrations of normal milk of treated ewes were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of the control ewes for lactose (3.74%) and ash (0.65%). Also by the 12th week of lactation, ash contents of the two treatments were significantly different (P<0.05) with T2 having higher value. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the normal milk compositions of both groups in weeks 4, 6, 8 and 10. These results suggest that feeding S. mombin to lactating ewes could be useful in improving on the milk composition of WAD ewes and has no adverse effects on their general health and performance.
Effects of diets containing alkali-treated Soybeans on performance traits, nutrient digestibility and cost benefits of broiler chickens
Authors: Ari M. M. , Ayanwale B. A. , Adama T. Z. , Olatunji E. A. 
Published: February 2021

The effects of diets containing different alkali-treated soybeans on performance traits, nutrient digestibility and cost implication of broiler chickens was evaluated using 240 day-old Anak broiler chickens that were randomly divided into four (4) experimental groups of three replicates each. The soybeans were treated in alkali as follows: soaked in water as T1 (control), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) as T2, Potassium carbonate (K2CO3) as (T3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as T4. The alkali-treated soybeans were incorporated into the diets at both starter and finisher phases using a completely randomized design. There were significant (P<0.05) variations in performance parameters, nutrient retention and bio-economic implication indices measured. The use of potassium carbonate (1% K2CO3) and sodium carbonate (1% Na2CO3) in the processing of soybean recorded greater improvement in the performance traits, nutrient retention and economic returns. These factors accounted for the overall best performance recorded in 1% K2CO3 - treated soybeans which was closely followed by 1% Na2CO3 treated soybean base diets
Effects of raw and toasted Daniellia oliveri (Rolfe) seed meal on broiler chicken performance
Authors: Obun C. O. , Adeyemi O. A. 
Published: February 2021

Two hundred and ten day-old Arbor acre broiler chicks were used to assess the protein quality of raw and toasted Daniellia oliveri seed meal (DOSM) on performance, haematology, and some biochemical indices. Seven treatment diets that contained 0% (control), 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% raw DOSM and 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% toasted DOSM respectively were randomly assigned to seven groups of 30 birds each, replicated thrice with 10 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. Chemical analysis indicated that raw DOSM contained (% DM) 26.50 crude protein, 6.02 crude fibre, 4.30 ether extract, 4.06 ash and 47.47 carbohydrate. The results of the crude fibre (3.19%), ash (2.8%) and nitrogen free extracts (40.51%) were reduced after toasting while the crude protein (28.60%) and ether extract (7.85%) increased. The raw DOSM contained (mg/100g) tannin (2.23), phytic acid (30.39), oxalate (20.02), hydrocyanide (6.05) and saponin (2.08). Toasting treatment eliminate almost completely the anti nutritional compounds in the seeds. Performance data indicate that body weight gain and feed to gain ratio were significantly (P<0.05) better in broiler chicks fed 0.0, 2.5 % raw and all levels of toasted DOSM diets than those on 5.0 and 7.5% raw DOSM based diets. The results of the packed cell volume, red blood cell count, white blood cell count, haemoglobin, serum protein, albumin, glucose and cholesterol of birds on 0.0 %, 2.5% raw and all levels of toasted DOSM diets did not showed any significant effect (P>0.05) but differed (P<0.05) from those on 5.0 and 7.5% raw DOSM. The inclusion of 5 and 7.5 % raw DOSM significantly (P<0.05) decreased weight gain, feed conversion ratio, nutrient digestibility, haematological and biochemical indices. From the results, it can be concluded that inclusion of 2.50% raw DOSM and up to 7.5% toasted DOSM as a replacement for ground nut meal has no adverse effects on the performance, haematological and serum biochemistry
Growth and biomass yield of two Panicum maximum varieties as affected by weed management and fertilizer application methods in the Humid Savannah zone of Nigeria
Authors: Olanite J. A. , Dele P. A. , Arigbede O. M. , Ojo V. O. A. 
Published: February 2021

A field trial was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria to evaluate the effects of weed management and fertilizer application methods on growth and biomass yield of two Panicum maximum varieties. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with two fertilizer application methods. Two weed managements (weeded versus not weeded) and two Panicum varieties {(P. maximum local (unimproved) versus P. maximum Ntchisi (improved)} and two fertilizer application methods (single dose versus split) were set out in a 3x2x2 factorial arrangement. The unimproved P. maximum variety attained significantly (P<0.05) greater height compare to the improved variety while weed management and fertilizer application methods were not significant (P>0.05). Although the unimproved Panicum recorded higher values in leaflength (89.23 versus 76.01 cm) when compared with the improved variety while the leaf width (3.37 versus 3.67 cm), leaf density (639.24 versus 1 004.99 leaf m-2), tiller density (130.82 versus 215.11 tiller m-2) and herbage yield (20.56 versus 26.21 t ha-1) produced were higher (P<0.05) for the improved P. maximum variety. Split application method significantly enhanced better herbage yield as compared to the single application and the unfertilized (control) treatment. The interaction between variety and time of harvest was highly significant (P<0.001) in growth parameters and biomass yields of the two grass varieties.
Isolation of Aeromonas hydrophila in a case of wound infection in cattle in Nigeria
Authors: Awoyomi O. J. , Oyewusi J. A. , Talabi A. O. , Oyewusi I. K. , Biobaku K. T. , Mustapha O. A. , Agbaje M. 
Published: February 2021

A three and a half year old N'dama cow weighing about 150kg was rescued from a steel jaw trap during grazing the previous day and presented at the Teaching and Research Farm Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria with a fresh, deep wound. The animal was treated but there were no satisfactory response to Penicillin/streptomycin intramuscular injection at 10,0001U/kg for seven days and also i/m 20% Oxytetracycline injection at 20mg/kg repeated after 48 hours. A loopful of pus samples aseptically taken from the wound were streaked on blood agar base enriched with 7% horse blood (Oxoid, UK) using the quadrant streaking method and incubated aerobically at 37°C for 24-48 hours. Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated which was resistant to the commonly used antibiotics on the farm. Following the results obtained from the sensitivity test, the animal was placed on Enrofloxacin for seven days, the swelling regressed, no pus was expressed from the wound site and no pain was elicited from the joint on application of pressure by the 8th day Aeromonas hydrophila is pathogenic to man; hence care should be taken in handling of animal traps.
Bruk av nettbrett til digitale innleveringer i fag med matematisk notasjon
Authors: GIljarhus Knut Erik Teigen , Mikkelsen Ove 
Published: February 2021

MNT-fag har utstrakt bruk av matematisk notasjon og diagrammer. For øvingsoppgaver og eksamen i disse fagene blir det fortsatt overveiende brukt penn og papir. Samtidig er det et økende fokus på digitalisering. Digitale innleveringer og eksamen har flere fordeler; blant annet vil det minske administrativt arbeid med lagring og distribusjon av papirbesvarelser og det vil gjøre sensors arbeid enklere da sensur kan utføres digitalt og med økt lesbarhet. Å ha innleveringer på en heldigital form kan også ha en klar pedagogisk fordel. Med de matematiske uttrykkene i en digital form kan utrykkene utnyttes til løsning av likninger i beregningsprogrammer og studentene kan gis tilbakemeldinger underveis i løsningsprosessen.
Å skrive inn matematiske uttrykk på en PC er ofte tungvint og krever bruk av spesialisert notasjon som LaTeX eller pek-og-klikk verktøy som Microsoft sin ligningseditor i Word. Det samme gjelder for eksamensoppgaver i for eksempel Inspera. Det finnes også andre løsninger for digitalisering i dag, hovedsakelig basert på scanning av besvarelser. Dette innfrir noen av fordelene til digitale innleveringer, men man mangler fortsatt lesbarheten til en heldigital form, og man har ikke mulighet til å gjøre en analyse av besvarelsen for å få de pedagogiske mulighetene.
Det har i de siste årene skjedd en rivende utvikling innenfor nettbrett og håndskriftsgjenkjenning. Nyere nettbrett har svært lav forsinkelse i input, høyoppløste skjermer og avanserte algoritmer for håndflategjenkjenning og håndskriftsgjenkjenning, som kombinert kan gjøre opplevelsen nærmere penn og papir. I dette arbeidet har vi undersøkt i hvor stor grad dagens teknologi er anvendelig i fag med bruk av matematisk notasjon og figurer. Vi valgte ut to fag på masternivå for maskiningeniører og lot en gruppe studenter gjøre øvingsoppgaver med henholdsvis penn og papir, et tekstredigeringsverktøy (Microsoft Word) og et nettbrett (iPad med Apple Pencil). Deretter analyserte vi opplevelsen til studentene gjennom dybdeintervju og evaluering av innsendte øvingsoppgaver. Resultatene viste at studentene opplevde nettbrett som et godt alternativ til penn og papir, og en klar forbedring sammenlignet med tekstredigeringsverktøy, men at gjenkjenningen av matematiske uttrykk fortsatt ikke er god nok til å brukes uten betydelig opplæring og trening.
Aktivitetsbasert emneorganisering
Authors: Lundheim Lars , Bolstad Torstein , Gajic` Bojana , Zimmermann Pauline Hardeberg , Tybell Thomas 
Published: February 2021

I artikkelen deler vi våre første erfaringer med aktivitetsbasert emne­organi­sering som ble prøvd ut på et stort innføringsemne for sivilingeniørstudenter ved NTNU. Den grunnleggende ideen er at for å fremme studentaktiv læring, må både undervisere og studenter endre sine tanker og forventninger om hvordan et emne er organisert, både innen hver enkelt læringsøkt og over tid.
Improving learning outcomes from the undergraduate chemistry laboratory
Authors: Seland John Georg , Fjellanger Inger Johanne , Spildo Kristine 
Published: February 2021

The paper describes how to improve and evaluate learning outcomes in writing and critical thinking in the laboratory courses in the Bachelor program in Chemistry at the University of Bergen. The suggested changes are based on research that show that these learning outcomes are improved when the students are involved in self-assessment, where they perform peer-review and are encouraged to reflect on their own learning experience. This process needs to be accompanied with systematic and frequent feedback. It is also crucial to establish formal collegial groups where one can maintain systematic discussion regarding teaching in the laboratory courses. Suggested changes, and how they can be evaluated, are described in detail for two of the five mandatory laboratory courses in the program.
Çeşitli Klinik Örneklerden İzole Edilen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Suşlarının Dağılımı ve Antimikrobiyal Duyarlılıkları: 8 Yılık Çalışma
Authors: BAHÇECİ İlkay 
Published: February 2021

Amaç: Hastane enfeksiyonları ve buna bağlı mortalitenin artması çoklu ilaç direncine sahip fırsatçı patojenleri her zamankinden daha fazla gündeme getirmiştir. Bunlar arasında yer alan stenotrophomonas maltophilia önemi giderek artan fırsatçı bir patojendir. Bu çalışmanın amacı,sekiz yıllık süre boyunca hastanemizde çeşitli klinik örneklerden izole edilmiş S. maltophilia izolatlarının dağılımını ve antimikrobiyal duyarlılıklarını araştırmaktır.
Yöntemler: Ocak 2011-Aralık 2019 tarihleri arasında çeşitli klinik örneklerden izole edilen toplam 149 S. maltophilia suşunun antimikrobiyallere direnç oranları araştırıldı. Bakteri identifikasyonu ve antibiyotik duyarlılığı rutin konvansiyonel mikrobiyolojik yöntemler ve VİTEK 2 kompakt otomatize sistem (BioMerieux, France) ile yapılmıştır.
Bulgular: S. maltophilia en sık yoğun bakım ünitelerinde izole edilirken 50 (%33,5), en az 1 örnekle ( %0,6) Kardiyovasküler cerrahi servisi, Pediatri servisinden izolasyon gerçekleşmiştir. Örneklerin 85’i (%57,) solunum yolu izolatları olurken (trakeal aspirat, lavaj, balgam), en az 1 örnek ( %0,6) ile plevra ve eklem sıvısı olmuştur. Karbapenemlere doğal direnç gösteren S. maltophilia’da levofloksasin direnci % 6 iken, trimetoprim/sulfametoksazol’de %12, seftazidim’de %45 olarak tespit edilmiştir.
Tartışma ve Sonuç: Çalışmada saptanan yüksek direnç oranları nedeniyle, S. maltophilia suşlarının etken olduğu nozokomiyal enfeksiyonların tedavisinde mümkün olduğunca in vitro duyarlılık testlerinin yapılması gerekir. Bunun yapılamadığı durumlarda ise tedavi planlamasında trimetoprim-sulfametoksazol ve levofloksasin iyi birer tedavi seçeneğidir. Ayrıca tedaviye başlamadan önce kolonizasyon - etken ayrımı klinik bulgularda göz önünde tutularak birlikte karar verilmelidir.