bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A dynamic discarding technique to increase speed and preserve accuracy for YOLOv3
Authors: Martinez-Alpiste Ignacio , Golcarenarenji Gelayol , Wang Qi , Alcaraz-Calero Jose Maria 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes an acceleration technique to minimise the unnecessary operations on a state-of-the-art machine learning model and thus to improve the processing speed while maintaining the accuracy. After the study of the main bottlenecks that negatively affect the performance of convolutional neural networks, this paper designs and implements a discarding technique for YOLOv3-based algorithms to increase the speed and maintain accuracy. After applying the discarding technique, YOLOv3 can achieve a 22% of improvement in terms of speed. Moreover, the results of this new discarding technique were tested on Tiny-YOLOv3 with three output layers on an autonomous vehicle for pedestrian detection and it achieved an improvement of 48.7% in speed. The dynamic discarding technique just needs one training process to create the model and thus execute the approach, which preserves accuracy. The improved detector based on the discarding technique is able to readily alert the operator of the autonomous vehicle to take the emergency brake of the vehicle in order to avoid collision and consequently save lives.
Past medical history of tumors other than meningioma is a negative prognostic factor for tumor recurrence in meningiomas WHO grade I
Authors: Biczok Annamaria , Karschnia Philipp , Vitalini Raffaela , Lenski Markus , Greve Tobias , Thorsteinsdottir Jun , Egensperger Rupert , Dorn Franziska , Tonn Jörg-Christian , Schichor Christian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Prognostic markers for meningioma recurrence are needed to guide patient management. Apart from rare hereditary syndromes, the impact of a previous unrelated tumor disease on meningioma recurrence has not been described before.

Methods
We retrospectively searched our database for patients with meningioma WHO grade I and complete resection provided between 2002 and 2016. Demographical, clinical, pathological, and outcome data were recorded. The following covariates were included in the statistical model: age, sex, clinical history of unrelated tumor disease, and localization (skull base vs. convexity). Particular interest was paid to the patients’ past medical history. The study endpoint was date of tumor recurrence on imaging. Prognostic factors were obtained from multivariate proportional hazards models.

Results
Out of 976 meningioma patients diagnosed with a meningioma WHO grade I, 416 patients fulfilled our inclusion criteria. We encountered 305 women and 111 men with a median age of 57 years (range: 21–89 years). Forty-six patients suffered from a tumor other than meningioma, and no TERT mutation was detected in these patients. There were no differences between patients with and without a positive oncological history in terms of age, tumor localization, or mitotic cell count. Clinical history of prior tumors other than meningioma showed the strongest association with meningioma recurrence (p = 0.004, HR = 3.113, CI = 1.431–6.771) both on uni- and multivariate analysis.

Conclusion
Past medical history of tumors other than meningioma might be associated with an increased risk of meningioma recurrence. A detailed pre-surgical history might help to identify patients at risk for early recurrence.
POR polymorphisms are associated with 21 hydroxylase deficiency
Authors: Pecori Giraldi F. , Einaudi S. , Sesta A. , Verna F. , Messina M. , Manieri C. , Menegatti E. , Ghizzoni L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Genotype–phenotype correlation in congenital 21 hydroxylase deficiency is strong but by no means absolute. Indeed, clinical and hormonal features may vary among patients carrying similar CYP21A2 mutations, suggesting that modifier genes may contribute to the phenotype. Aim of the present study was to evaluate whether polymorphisms in the p450 oxidoreductase (POR) gene may affect clinical features in patients with 21 hydroxylase deficiency

Methods
Sequencing of the POR gene was performed in 96 patients with 21 hydroxylase deficiency (49 classic, 47 non-classic) and 43 control subjects.

Results
Prevalence of POR polymorphisms in patients with 21 hydroxylase was comparable to controls and known databases. The rs2228104 polymorphism was more frequently associated with non-classic vs classic 21 hydroxylase deficiency (allelic risk 7.09; 95% C.I. 1.4–29.5, p < 0.05). Classic 21 hydroxylase-deficient carriers of the minor allele in the rs2286822/rs2286823 haplotype presented more frequently the salt-wasting form (allelic risk 1.375; 95% C.I. 1.138–1.137), more severe Prader stage at birth (allelic risk 3.85; 95% C.I. 3.78–3.92), higher ACTH levels, and younger age at diagnosis.

Conclusions
Polymorphisms in the POR gene are associated with clinical features of 21 hydroxylase deficiency both as regards predisposition to classic vs non-classic forms and severity of classic adrenal hyperplasia.
Outlawing Opposition, Imposing Rule of Law: Authoritarian Constitutionalism in Cambodia
Authors: LAWRENCE Benjamin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCambodia's Constitution, promulgated in September 1993, was to be the foundation of a transition to liberal, multiparty democracy. Yet, despite the document's seeming commitment to those very principles, constitutional provisions are frequently used to undermine liberal rule of law and to impose restrictions on political processes, freedoms, and rights. Focusing on the events of 2016–2017, including the jailing of opposition politicians, controversial legal reforms, and the dissolution of the country's foremost opposition party, this article demonstrates how authoritarian practices in Cambodia are framed in terms of adherence – even fidelity – to the Constitution. Further, it explores how ideas of ‘stability’ and ‘law and order’ often elide with those of rule of law in discourses and practices that simultaneously exalt and hollow out the normative power of the Constitution. This article posits that a socio-legal approach that pays particular attention to discourse can shed new light on the empirical fact of authoritarian constitutionalism, but also the processes of meaning-making that accompany, facilitate, and legitimize its practice. Far from merely a sham, then, Cambodia's Constitution – like many others – is imbricated in a complex web of contestation and legitimation that extends far beyond the walls of any courtroom.
A Fuzzy Approach for the Kinematic Reliability Assessment of Robotic Manipulators
Authors: Lara-Molina Fabian A. , Dumur Didier 
Published: March 2021

SUMMARYThis paper aims at developing a novel method to assess the kinematic reliability of robotic manipulators based on the fuzzy theory. The kinematic reliability quantifies the probability of obtaining positioning errors within acceptable limits. For this purpose, the fuzzy reliability evaluates the effect of the joint clearances on the end-effector position to compute a failure possibility index. As an alternative to the conventional methods reported in the literature, this failure possibility index conveys a novel assessment of the kinematic performance. The numerical results are compared with the well-known probabilistic approach based on the Monte Carlo simulation.
Two cases of different genetic variants of alveolar capillary dysplasia associated with left-sided obstructive CHDs
Authors: Diaz-Frias Josue , Mark Paul R. , Aregullin E. Oliver 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of the pulmonary veins is an uncommon disorder that affects the lung vasculature development in the neonatal period and leads to pulmonary hypertension. We describe two patients with alveolar capillary dysplasia associated with left-sided obstructive heart defects with two different genetic variants. Our cases highlight the importance of early recognition of this disease in the setting of persistent and supra-systemic pulmonary hypertension despite surgical correction of the associated lesions. Identification of these cases will facilitate the development of a multidisciplinary approach and provide guidance to the affected families.
United States response to the COVID-19 pandemic, January–November 2020
Authors: Alexander Mathew , Unruh Lynn , Koval Andriy , Belanger William 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs of November 2020, the United States leads the world in confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and deaths. Over the past 10 months, the United States has experienced three peaks in new cases, with the most recent spike in November setting new records. Inaction and the lack of a scientifically informed, unified response have contributed to the sustained spread of COVID-19 in the United States. This paper describes major events and findings from the domestic response to COVID-19 from January to November 2020, including on preventing transmission, COVID-19 testing and contact tracing, ensuring sufficient physical infrastructure and healthcare workforce, paying for services, and governance. We further reflect on the public health response to-date and analyse the link between key policy decisions (e.g. closing, reopening) and COVID-19 cases in three states that are representative of the broader regions that have experienced spikes in cases. Finally, as we approach the winter months and undergo a change in national leadership, we highlight some considerations for the ongoing COVID-19 response and the broader United States healthcare system. These findings describe why the United States has failed to contain COVID-19 effectively to-date and can serve as a reference in the continued response to COVID-19 and future pandemics.
Evidence of Genetic Overlap Between Circadian Preference and Brain White Matter Microstructure
Authors: García-Marín Luis M. , Alcauter Sarael , Campos Adrian I. , Mulcahy Aoibhe , Kho Pik-Fang , Cuéllar-Partida Gabriel , Rentería Miguel E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSeveral neuroimaging studies have reported associations between brain white matter microstructure and chronotype. However, it is unclear whether those phenotypic relationships are causal or underlined by genetic factors. In the present study, we use genetic data to examine the genetic overlap and infer causal relationships between chronotype and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures. We identify 29 significant pairwise genetic correlations, of which 13 also show evidence for a causal association. Genetic correlations were identified between chronotype and brain-wide mean, axial and radial diffusivities. When exploring individual tracts, 10 genetic correlations were observed with mean diffusivity, 10 with axial diffusivity, 4 with radial diffusivity and 2 with mode of anisotropy. We found evidence for a possible causal association of eveningness with white matter microstructure measures in individual tracts including the posterior limb and the retrolenticular part of the internal capsule; the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum and the posterior, superior and anterior regions of the corona radiata. Our findings contribute to the understanding of how genes influence circadian preference and brain white matter and provide a new avenue for investigating the role of chronotype in health and disease.
Accuracy of breast MRI in evaluating nodal status after neoadjuvant therapy in invasive lobular carcinoma
Authors: Abel Mary Kathryn , Greenwood Heather , Kelil Tatiana , Guo Ruby , Brabham Case , Hylton Nola , Wong Jasmine , Alvarado Michael , Ewing Cheryl , Esserman Laura J. , Boughey Judy C. , Mukhtar Rita A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNeoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer can downstage axillary lymph nodes and reduce extent of axillary surgery. As such, accurate determination of nodal status after neoadjuvant therapy and before surgery impacts surgical management. There are scarce data on the diagnostic accuracy of breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for nodal evaluation after neoadjuvant therapy in patients with invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), a diffusely growing tumor type. We retrospectively analyzed patients with stage 1–3 ILC who underwent pre-operative breast MRI after either neoadjuvant chemotherapy or endocrine therapy at our institution between 2006 and 2019. Two breast radiologists reviewed MRIs and evaluated axillary nodes for suspicious features. All patients underwent either sentinel node biopsy or axillary dissection. We evaluated sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values, and overall accuracy of the post-treatment breast MRI in predicting pathologic nodal status. Of 79 patients, 58.2% received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 41.8% neoadjuvant endocrine therapy. The sensitivity and negative predictive value of MRI were significantly higher in the neoadjuvant endocrine therapy cohort than in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy cohort (66.7 vs. 37.9%, p = 0.012 and 70.6 vs. 40%, p = 0.007, respectively), while overall accuracy was similar. Upstaging from clinically node negative to pathologically node positive occurred in 28.0 and 41.7%, respectively. In clinically node positive patients, those with an abnormal post-treatment MRI had a significantly higher proportion of patients with ≥4 positive nodes on pathology compared to those with a normal MRI (61.1 versus 16.7%, p = 0.034). Overall, accuracy of breast MRI for predicting nodal status after neoadjuvant therapy in ILC was low in both chemotherapy and endocrine therapy cohorts. However, post-treatment breast MRI may help identify patients with a high burden of nodal disease (≥4 positive nodes), which could impact pre-operative systemic therapy decisions. Further studies are needed to assess other imaging modalities to evaluate for nodal disease following neoadjuvant therapy and to improve clinical staging in patients with ILC.
Shared genetic etiology between Parkinson’s disease and blood levels of specific lipids
Authors: Xicoy Helena , Klemann Cornelius JHM , De Witte Ward , Martens Marijn B , Martens Gerard JM , Poelmans Geert 
Published: March 2021

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the formation of Lewy bodies. The mechanisms underlying these molecular and cellular effects are largely unknown. Previously, based on genetic and other data, we built a molecular landscape of PD that highlighted a central role for lipids. To explore which lipid species may be involved in PD pathology, we used published genome-wide association study (GWAS) data to conduct polygenic risk score-based analyses to examine putative genetic sharing between PD and blood levels of 370 lipid species and lipid-related molecules. We found a shared genetic etiology between PD and blood levels of 25 lipids. We then used data from a much-extended GWAS of PD to try and corroborate our findings. Across both analyses, we found genetic overlap between PD and blood levels of eight lipid species, namely two polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA 20:3n3-n6 and 20:4n6), four triacylglycerols (TAG 44:1, 46:1, 46:2, and 48:0), phosphatidylcholine aa 32:3 (PC aa 32:3) and sphingomyelin 26:0 (SM 26:0). Analysis of the concordance—the agreement in genetic variant effect directions across two traits—revealed a significant negative concordance between PD and blood levels of the four triacylglycerols and PC aa 32:3 and a positive concordance between PD and blood levels of both PUFA and SM 26:0. Taken together, our analyses imply that genetic variants associated with PD modulate blood levels of a specific set of lipid species supporting a key role of these lipids in PD etiology.
A facile calcination conversion of groundwater treatment sludge (GTS) as magnetic adsorbent for oxytetracycline adsorption
Authors: Khan Asghar , Huo Yang , Qu Zhan , Liu Yanwen , Wang Zhihua , Chen Yu , Huo Mingxin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, groundwater treatment sludge (GTS) was recycled as a magnetic adsorbent via a facile calcination process without adding any reductant. The prepared magnetic adsorbents (MAs) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), vibrating sample magnenometer (VSM) and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The results showed that GTS comprised 33.2% Fe, 1.4% Al and 6.2% Si, and exhibited a weak saturation magnetization of 0.0008 emu/g. Without NaOH, the GTS calcinated at 700 and 500 °C were well magnetized with Ms of 20.1 and 7.1 emu/g, separately, but exhibited a low Ms of 0.43 emu/g at 300 °C. By adding NaOH powder, the Ms of GTS apparently increased to 4.9 emu/g after calcination at 300 °C, and further to 8.5 emu/g at 500 °C. In GTS, about 96.1% Fe was involved in ferrihydrite form. The Ms of calcinated GTS was accompanied with the phase transformation of ferrihydrite to maghemite. Si/Al oxides in GTS coordinated on the surface sites of ferrihydrite and inhibited the conjunction and phase transformation of adjacent ferrihydrite particles, but were effectively desorbed as in the presence of NaOH. Na500, preparing by calcinating GTS at 500 °C with NaOH, showed an optimal total surface sites (Hs) of 0.65 mmol/g. Oxytetracycline (OTC) was used as a target for studying the adsorption characteristics of synthetic magnetic adsorbents and a high adsorption capacity of oxytetracycline of 862.1 mg/g in comparison with the other calcinated GTS, and the adsorption data was consistent with the Langmuir model. By adding 6 g/L Na-500, approximately 100% of oxytetracycline and tetracycline and nearly 40% total organic carbon were removed from real pharmaceutical wastewater. With the method, GTS can be converted in mass production to magnetic adsorbent that exhibits effective application in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.
Comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes of kenaf cytoplasmic male sterile line and its maintainer line
Authors: Tang Danfeng , Wei Fan , Zhou Ruiyang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractKenaf is a great source of bast fiber and possesses significantly industrial interests. Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is the basis of heterosis utilization in kenaf. Chloroplast, an important organelle for photosynthesis, could be associated with CMS. To understand the phylogenetic position and molecular basis of kenaf CMS from the perspective of chloroplast, the chloroplast (cp) genomes of the CMS line P3A and its maintainer line P3B were characterized and their comparative analysis was also performed. In this study, the chloroplast genomes of P3B and P3A were sequenced with 163,597 bp and 163,360 bp in length, respectively. A total of 131 genes including 85 protein coding genes (PCGs), 38 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and 8 ribosome RNA (rRNA) genes were annotated in P3B, while 132 genes containing 83 PCGs, 41 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes were found in P3A. The phylogenetic tree revealed that kenaf was closely related toHibiscus syriacusandAbelmoschus esculentus. Further analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and insertion and deletion (InDel) showed that compared with P3B, a total of 22 SNPs and 53 InDels were detected in gene coding region, gene intron, and intergenic regions of P3A. Remarkably, a total of 9 SNPs including 6 synonymous SNPs and 3 nonsynonymous SNPs were found inpsbK,atpA,rpoC2,atpB,rpl20,clpP,rpoA, andycf1. The present study provided basic information for further study of kenaf CMS mechsnism.
Radiative flow of non Newtonian nanofluids within inclined porous enclosures with time fractional derivative
Authors: Arafa Anas A. M. , Rashed Z. Z. , Ahmed Sameh E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn unsteady convection-radiation interaction flow of power-law non-Newtonian nanofluids using the time-fractional derivative is examined. The flow domain is an enclosure that has a free surface located at the top boundaries. Also, the geometry is filled by aluminum foam as a porous medium and the overall thermal conductivity as well as the heat capacity are approximated using a linear combination of the properties of the fluid and porous phases. Additionally, the dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity of the mixture are expressed as a function of velocity gradients with a fractional power. Marangoni influences are imposed to the top free surface while the bottom boundaries are partially heated. Steps of the solution methodology are consisting of approximation of the time fractional derivatives using the conformable definition, using the finite differences method to discretize the governing system and implementation the resulting algebraic system. The main outcomes reveled that as the fractional order approaches to one, the maximum values of the stream function, the bulk-averaged temperature and cup-mixing temperature are reduces, regardless values of the time.
Two viewpoints based real‐time recognition for hand gestures
Authors: Krishan Kumar Amit , Kaushal Kumar Abhishek , Guo Shuli 
Published: March 2021

It is extremely challenging to accomplish excellent accuracy for gesture recognition using an approach where complexity in computation time for recognition is less. This study compares accuracy in hand gesture recognition of a single viewpoint set‐up with proposed two viewpoint set‐up for different classification techniques. The efficacy of the presented approach is verified practically with various image processing, feature extraction and classification techniques. Two camera system make geometry learning and three‐dimensional (3D) view feasible compared to a single camera system. Geometrical features from additional viewpoint contribute to 3D view estimation of the hand gesture. It also improves the classification accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method show escalation in recognition rate compared to the single‐camera system, and also has great performance using simple classifiers like the nearest neighbour and decision tree. Classification within 1 s is considered as real‐time in this study.
Analysis of the radiated electric field strength from in‐house G.fast2 data carrying wire‐line telecommunication network
Authors: Milanovic Josip , Budisa Domagoj 
Published: March 2021

AbstractG.fast profile 212a technology is the perfect choice for an operator offering a broadband service, as it operates using the existing copper telecommunications infrastructure (cables) already installed in user premises. Unfortunately, such telecommunications infrastructure is not designed to transmit data at high frequencies used by G.fast technology, resulting in radiation during signal transmission. This radiation can have a direct impact on the performance and reliability of radio services operating in the same frequency range. In order to limit such radio interference, International Telecommunication Union proposed radiation limits for wired telecommunications networks. This paper provides a comparison between ITU‐T K.60 Recommendation with the measurements of the electric field radiation from the telecommunications network when the G.fast profile 212a signal is transmitted through different types of telecommunications cables. The aim of this comparison is to assess whether the radiation from the telecommunications network in this study meets the radiation limits defined in ITU‐T K.60 Recommendation and, therefore, whether this radiation can be a source of interference to radio services operating in the same frequency range. In addition, this paper provides an analysis of the impact of cable construction on the total irradiated field from the in‐house part of the telecommunications network.