bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ELEVATING THE HUMAN EXPERIENCE AT WORK
Authors: Dunlop Amelia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe author is Chief Experience Officer for Deloitte Digital and leads their Customer Strategy & Applied Design practice. She details Deloitte’s initiative regarding “Elevating the Human Experience” at work. In many workplaces, the human experience has become devalued. This initiative seeks to counter that trend. As she writes, “Working more than ever in our remote or hybrid always‐on environments can make us feel increasingly lonely and isolated—more digitally connected but somehow less human.” She explains “six principles guiding the journey Deloitte Digital is on to elevate the human experience (EHX) for the humans we call teammates and clients.” In her words, they are (1) Show Don’t Tell; (2) Catalyze the Movement; (3) Celebrate Progress Over Perfection; (4) Change the Narrative; (5) Anchor through Artifacts; (6) Demonstrate the Value. Within point 1, she writes: “Simply put, telling someone you intend to make their experience better and not following through on it is worse than if you had never said anything at all.” In point 2: “You will know you have elevated someone’s experience because your heart feels full when you are done.” She concludes that she has “come to believe that elevating the human experience simply means making the experience of another better through love.”
The detective quantum efficiency of cadmium telluride photon‐counting x‐ray detectors in breast imaging applications
Authors: Day James A. , Tanguay Jesse 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeIn breast imaging applications, cadmium telluride (CdTe) photon counting x‐ray detectors (PCDs) may reduce radiation dose and enable single‐shot multi‐energy x‐ray imaging. The purpose of this work is to determine the upper limits of the detective quantum efficiency (DQE) of CdTe PCDs for x‐ray mammography and to compare them with the published DQEs of energy‐integrating detectors (EIDs) and other PCDs.MethodsWe calibrated and validated a Monte Carlo (MC) model of the DQE of CdTe PCDs using an XCounter CdTe PCD. Our model accounted for charge sharing, electronic noise, and charge summation logic. We used a 28 kVp Mo/Mo spectrum hardened by 3.9 cm of Lucite to optimize the detector thickness and energy threshold for pixel sizes of 50, 85, and 100 m with and without inter‐pixel charge summation logic. The figure of merit used for optimization was the integral of the DQE, which is equivalent to the detectability index for a delta function task function, which represents a high‐frequency task.ResultsFor an electronic noise level equal to that of the XCounter, the optimal DQE(0) without charge summing was 0.74. Charge summing for charge‐sharing correction reduced DQE(0) by 14% due to an increase in electronic noise. Reducing the electronic noise to ∼0.5 keV per pixel in combination with charge summing resulted in DQE(0) 0.78 for 85 m pixels, which is approximately equal to that of a‐Se and slot‐scanning silicon‐strip PCDs. At higher spatial frequencies, and for matched pixel sizes, the DQE was inferior to that of a‐Se EIDs and superior to that of slot‐scanning silicon‐strip PCDs in the scan direction but inferior in the slit direction.Conclusions(1) CdTe PCDs have the potential to provide a zero‐frequency DQE equal to that of a‐Se EIDs and slot‐scanning silicon‐strip PCDs, but this will require electronic noise levels ∼0.5 keV per pixel. (2) At mid‐to‐high spatial frequencies the DQE of CdTe PCDs may be (a) inferior to that of a‐Se EIDs and slot‐scanning silicon‐strip PCDs in the slit direction, and (b) superior to slot‐scanning silicon‐strip PCDs in the scan direction.
Studies on Alternating Copolymerization of Ethylene and Carbon Monoxide Using Nickel‐Based Catalyst: Cocatalyst and the Polarity of Solvent
Authors: Bie Zhengwei , Li Bo‐Geng , Hu Jijiang , Yao Zhen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPolyketone (PK) has attracted wide attention owing to its direct utilization of carbon monoxide, excellent properties, and photodegradation performance. However, the commercialized PK is produced using Pd‐based catalysts, which accounts for the largest part of the production cost. Herein, [Ni(2‐tol)(PPh3)(N,O)] is used as the main catalyst for its high productivity and good tolerance to CO. Effects of the cocatalyst (Ni(COD)2), the aging method in CO atmosphere, and the polarity of solvent are investigated. When Ni(COD)2 is employed as the cocatalyst, the catalytic activity and molecular weight of PK are increased by 29% and 42.6%, respectively. Aging of catalyst system with Ni(COD)2 in CO atmosphere leads to significant decrease in activity and molecular weight, while aging has almost no effect on the copolymerization without Ni(COD)2. Different catalytic mechanisms are proposed for the catalyst system with and without cocatalyst. Furthermore, it is found that the polar solvent (CH2Cl2) significantly increases the activity by 119.2% compared to that in the nonpolar solvent (toluene). However, the thermal stability of the catalyst is much better in toluene. The study on the understanding of catalytic mechanism and improvement of activity will promote the practical application of nonprecious metal catalysts for preparation of PK.
Effectiveness of biologics and targeted synthetic disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs in conjunction with methotrexate for the treatment of early rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Laeeq Sadia , Reghefaoui Tiba , Zahoor Hafsa , Yook Ji Hyun , Rizwan Muneeba , Shahid Noor ul ain , Naguit Noreen , Jakkoju Rakesh , Mohammed Lubna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe treatment goal for rheumatoid arthritis has undergone a dramatic change over recent years with the advent of biologic and targeted synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs). This systematic review aims to discuss the comparative efficiency of new drugs versus the standard of care methotrexate.MethodsPubmed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct were searched, and 7072 records were retrieved. Randomized controlled trials published in the last five years with full‐text papers, blinded studies, and studies with an open‐label extension were included. Studies with a high risk of bias as calculated by the Cochrane risk of bias (RoB2) tool were excluded. The last database search was conducted on 21 August 2021.ResultsFifteen studies were identified and analyzed by categorizing drugs into Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies with other targets (anti‐GM‐CSF receptor, anti‐IL6 receptor, anti‐IL‐17 monoclonal antibodies), with a total of 7963 participants. Data were synthesized with tables and the PRISMA flow diagram. Our analysis included baricitinib, filgotinib, peficitinib, infliximab, certolizumab, sarilumab, tocilizumab namilumab, mavrilimumab, golimumab, and CNT06785.ConclusionsThese studies showed that except for CNT 06785 (anti‐Interleukin 17A monoclonal antibody), biologic and targeted synthetic disease‐modifying drugs combined with methotrexate or as monotherapy yield better clinical and radiographical outcomes. This systematic review does not discuss biosimilars and the adverse effects of biologic drugs in detail. Infections remain a significant adverse drug reaction of monoclonal antibodies. However, these drugs play a crucial role in adequately managing this disease for patients with severe arthritis.
Characteristics that predict volunteer retention and fundraising in community‐based challenge events
Authors: Dunn Jeff , Ng Shu‐Kay , Hyde Melissa K. , Legg Melissa , Zajdlewicz Leah , Stein Kevin , Savage Anne , Scuffham Paul , Chambers Suzanne K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe financial viability of many not‐for‐profit organisations is linked to community fundraising by volunteers. This study explored predictors of volunteer retention and fundraising performance in relay for life (RFL), an international volunteer community‐based cancer fundraising event. A self‐report survey completed by 1298 RFL volunteers (24% response) assessed: satisfaction with volunteering; organisational commitment; psychological sense of connection; motives; social norms; capacity to volunteer as in perceived behavioural control and barriers to volunteering; satisfaction with community; behavioural intention. Primary outcomes were return participation in RFL and funds raised. Returning volunteers reported higher perceived behavioural control and satisfaction with community. Indirect effects through age‐moderated intention‐to‐return were higher satisfaction with volunteering; organisational commitment; psychological sense of connection; capacity to volunteer. Funds raised were higher in teams with volunteers who were older, strongly committed to the organisation and motivate to fight cancer; with low interest in social/entertainment. Strategies to nurture the volunteer‐organisation relationship and enhance volunteer capabilities may be most crucial for event success and long‐term viability.
Relationship between anthropometric indices and arterial stiffness: Insights from an epidemiologic study
Authors: Sobhani Sahar , Vakili Saba , Javid Jam Dina , Aryan Reihaneh , Khadem‐Rezaiyan Majid , Eslami Saeid , Alinezhad‐Namaghi Maryam 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundObesity and arteriosclerosis are both independently associated with cardiovascular disease risk. Obesity also may increase arterial stiffness.AimsThis study aimed to investigate the association between anthropometric indices and non‐invasive arterial stiffness parameters, using data from a large population‐based cohort of seemingly healthy women and men.MethodsA total of 5023 eligible participants were included in the study. The pulse wave velocity (PWV), central blood pressures, and bio‐impedance measures were obtained at the time of enrollment. Multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between anthropometric indices with arterial stiffness parameters.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 45.3 ± 8.8 years, 2368 (47.1%) were males and 2655 (52.8%) were females. The prevalence of participant with underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity were 0.73%, 33.2%, 48.7%, and 17.2% respectively. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fatty liver, and hypertension were significantly higher in overweight/obesity participants. The overweight/obesity participants had significantly higher PWV than the normal‐weight group (471.5 ± 42.6/496.7 ± 47.5 cm/s vs. 448.1 ± 41.4 cm/s, p < 0.001).ConclusionThe prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, fatty liver disease, chronic lung disease, and also kidney stones were significantly higher in overweight and individuals with obesity. Body mass index, body fat mass, waist–hip ratio abdominal circumference, neck circumference, visceral fat area, total body water, 50‐kHz whole body phase angle are positively correlated with PWV. Augmentation index had no significant correlation with body mass index, arm, hip, and abdominal circumferences.
Effects of particle size of hydroxyapatite on mechanical property and cytocompatibility of hydroxyapatite/poly(amino acid) composites
Authors: Lyu Defu , Zhang Qiyi , Wu Yanan , Chen Lichao , Li Xiaodan , Ren Haohao , Yan Yonggang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this work, three different particle sizes of hydroxyapatites (HA) were synthesized, and these three types of HA were combined with poly(amino acid) (PAA) to form composites (PAA/HA) by phase separation technique. XRD, FT‐IR, SEM, EDS, and XPS analyses were utilized to characterize the structure and morphology of the synthesized three HA particles and composites. Results revealed that HAs with three different particle sizes (short rod (HA1), long rod in nanoscale (HA2), and long rod in micron level (HA3)) were successfully prepared and there was an interface interaction between PAA and HA in composites. Mechanical tests showed that the difference of HA in size played an important role in mechanical performance of the composites. Furthermore, the long rod nano‐HA showed the highest enhancement in flexural yield strength at 81.3% for PAA/HA2 compared with pure PAA. After 28 days of immersion in PBS, PAA, and its composites showed good stability, and the mechanical performance of all composites were remained unchanged. The cell culture results showed all composites were cytocompatible, cells attached on the materials well with excellent morphology. Thus, it could be concluded that particle size influenced mechanical properties of PAA/HA composites, without impacting their cytocompatibility and degradation behavior.
Rheological behavior of polyvinyl chloride‐g‐diallyl phthalate resin
Authors: Xu Yixuan , Wang Ya , Chen Jihua , Wang Wei , Pi Hong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this article, the rheological behavior of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)‐grafting‐diallyl phthalate (DAP) was evaluated with melt flow index measurement and the small amplitude frequency sweep experiments. Frequency sweep tests using a parallel plate rheometer were conducted at 190°C to evaluate the rheological properties of PVC‐g‐DAP copolymers with different grafting ratios of DAP (0, 3, 5, 8, and 10%). Frequency sweep data were analyzed in terms of Cole–Cole plot, Han plot, and VGP plot. The results suggested that grafting DAP onto PVC reduced the viscosity and melt elasticity and greatly improved processability of the polymer. The mechanism of the grafting was interpreted as its benefits to promote fusion and gelation level of PVC, which was further confirmed through the SEM study.
Maleimide‐styrene‐butadiene terpolymers: acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene inspired photopolymers for additive manufacturing
Authors: Steindl Johannes , Ehrmann Katharina , Gorsche Christian , Huang Ching‐Chung , Koch Thomas , Steinbauer Patrick , Rohatschek Andreas , Andriotis Orestis G. , Thurner Philipp J. , Prado‐Roller Alexander , Stampfl Jürgen , Liska Robert 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe terpolymer acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) is a widely used thermoplastic material due to its excellent mechanical properties, especially high toughness. However, the monomer system of ABS cannot be feasibly photopolymerized due to its reactivity, opacity and monomer volatility. We show the transfer of an ABS microstructure to photopolymers via monomer systems designed to mimic ABS while remaining photopolymerizable. Acrylonitrile was substituted by more reactive and less volatile maleimides, of which the N substituent influences crosslinking considerably. Instead of styrene, less volatile derivatives were utilized as comonomers. Poly(butadiene) was introduced as cheap, readily available and non‐volatile rubber. The resulting maleimide‐styrene‐poly(butadiene) networks exhibit varying microphase separations and simultaneous transparency. While optimized materials cannot quite exhibit the yield strain of hot‐pressed ABS filament, their toughness partly exceeds that of ABS. Superior thermal stabilities and glass transition temperatures up to 190 °C were observed. Finally, stereolithographic printing of one tuned monomer system was conducted. © 2021 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry.
GAFA's information infrastructure distribution: Interconnection dynamics in the global North versus global South
Authors: Rosa Fernanda R. , Hauge Janice A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe analyze public points of interconnection of Google, Amazon, Facebook, and Apple (GAFA) in the global North versus the global South to determine the degree to which their location preferences differ, if at all. We find that there is a statistically significant difference in GAFA locating in the global North versus the global South—a difference based on a country's wealth, specifically as given by per capita GNI. Approximately 38% of countries classified as global North have a GAFA public point of interconnection, while 16% of those classified as global South do. Apple has approximately 92% of its presence in the global North, followed by Amazon (82.5%), Facebook (73%), and Google (72%). Our findings suggest that competition and antitrust policy discussions of digital platforms should include information on the dynamics of interconnection infrastructure distribution, and for that, such information must be available. We also assert that a global consideration of the digital platforms market is necessary.
Promoting volatile organic compounds removal by a magnetically assisted nanosecond pulsed gear‐cylinder dielectric barrier discharge
Authors: Jiang Nan , Sun Yun , Peng Bangfa , Li Jie , Shang Kefeng , Lu Na , Wu Yan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study, a magnetic field perpendicular to the electric field is introduced to the gear‐cylinder dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) to enhance the plasma density and improve the volatile organic compounds removal performance at atmospheric pressure. Higher discharge intensity, enlarged plasma streamers region, and better toluene removal performance are obtained after introducing a 0.2 T magnetic field due to the intensified ionization reactions caused by the Larmor movement of electrons. Time‐resolved Intensified Charge‐coupled Detector images indicate that both the propagation velocities of the primary and secondary streamers are enhanced and their durations are prolonged by the magnetic field. The optical emission spectra results imply that the vibrational temperature (Tvib) of N2(C‐B) and the reduced electric field (E/N) are promoted by applying the magnetic field, while the rotational temperature (Trot) of N2(C‐B) is rarely affected by the magnetic field. There is an optimal combination between the electric field and magnetic field in the gear‐cylinder DBD reactor, according to the mechanism of the magnetically assisted DBD plasma. The pulsed discharge current, toluene removal efficiency, and energy yield with the magnetic field are increased by 26%–40%, 50%–70%, and 7%–20% within the range of 16–20 kV, respectively, compared to those without the magnetic field, implying that magnetically assisted DBD plasma presents superior toluene degradation performance compared to common DBD plasma.
A new phase II EWMA dispersion control chart
Authors: Yang Su‐Fen , Arnold Barry C. , Liu Yen‐ling , Lu Ming‐Che , Lu Shin‐Li 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStatistical process control (SPC) methods are useful for improving or maintaining a manufacturing or service process in a stable and satisfactory state. Nowadays, in many industrial applications, it is necessary to simultaneously monitor more than two related quality variables of a process. Multivariate control charts are thus becoming an important research area. Using separate control charts to monitor related quality variables independently is very unreasonable and misleading. The problem of monitoring multivariate statistical process (MSPC) for several related quality variables is of current interest. So far in the literature, a few papers have discussed monitoring process dispersion for cases in which the process has a multivariate normal or non‐normal distribution. A new EWMA dispersion control chart is proposed to monitor the process covariance matrix. Moreover, the proposed new EWMA dispersion control chart is independent of the out‐of‐control process mean vector. It overcomes the problem in many existing covariance matrix control charts of assuming that there are no shifts in the process mean vector which, depending on the existence of shifts in mean, can lead to an increased false alarm rate. The derivation of the new EWMA dispersion control chart is illustrated and its out‐of‐control detection performance investigated. The proposed new EWMA dispersion control chart performs better than the existing control charts for detecting out‐of‐control process variances whether the covariances change or not. An example involving semi‐conductor data is adopted to demonstrate the application of the proposed new EWMA dispersion control chart.
The SPRT control charts for the Maxwell distribution
Authors: Godase Dadasaheb G. , Mahadik Shashibhushan B. , Rakitzis Athanasios C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMaxwell distribution has several applications in modeling physical and chemical processes, as well as in reliability and lifetime data analysis. In this paper, we propose the one‐ and two‐sided SPRT control charts for monitoring the scale parameter of a Maxwell distributed process. Using a Markov chain approach, we obtain the measures of statistical performance for the one‐sided charts. Reasonably accurate relationships between the performance measures of a two‐sided SPRT chart and that of its corresponding one‐sided charts are derived through Monte‐Carlo simulations. Approaches for designing the one‐ and two‐sided SPRT charts having the specified in‐control and the optimal out‐of‐control performances are provided. The results of the numerical study reveal that the proposed charts significantly outperform the Shewhart and cumulative sum (CUSUM) charts for detecting a shift of any size in the scale parameter. The mechanisms of the one‐ and two‐sided SPRT charts are illustrated via two real‐data examples: the first in the monitoring of the urinary glycosaminoglycan concentration and the second in the monitoring of the bearing life.
Trajectory tracking control for four‐mecanum‐wheel mobile vehicle: A variable gain active disturbance rejection control approach
Authors: Li Sihang , Zhang Jinhui , Zhao Kai , Zhang Yakai , Sun Zhongqi , Xia Yuanqing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this article, a novel variable gain active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) approach is developed for the trajectory tracking control of four‐mecanum‐wheel mobile vehicle. The proposed variable gain ADRC approach includes three parts, variable gain tracking‐differentiator (VGTD), variable gain extended state observer (VGESO), and composite disturbance rejection controller. The error‐based variable gains are, respectively, incorporated in VGTD, VGESO, and controller to improve the transient performances. Moreover, stability analysis of the VGTD tracking error system, VGESO estimation error system, and the closed‐loop system are also provided. Finally, simulation and experiment results show the effectiveness of the proposed control approach.
Phase transition in random intersection graphs with communities
Authors: van der Hofstad Remco , Komjáthy Júlia , Vadon Viktória 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe “random intersection graph with communities” (RIGC) models networks with communities, assuming an underlying bipartite structure of groups and individuals. Each group has its own internal structure described by a (small) graph, while groups may overlap. The group memberships are generated by a bipartite configuration model. The model generalizes the classical random intersection graph model, a special case where each community is a complete graph. The RIGC model is analytically tractable. We prove a phase transition in the size of the largest connected component in terms of the model parameters. We prove that percolation on RIGC produces a graph within the RIGC family, also undergoing a phase transition with respect to size of the largest component. Our proofs rely on the connection to the bipartite configuration model. Our related results on the bipartite configuration model are of independent interest, since they shed light on interesting differences from the unipartite case.