bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in metabolic syndrome status and risk of laryngeal cancer: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Kim Hyun-Bum , Kim Geun-Jeon , Han Kyung-do , Joo Young-Hoon 
Published: June 2021

Background
Whether dynamic changes of metabolic syndrome (MetS) affects the subsequent laryngeal cancer occurrence remains unknown.

Objective
This study investigated the effects of changes of MetS on the incidence of laryngeal cancer due to a lack of knowledge regarding the development of MetS in Korean population.

Methods
A total of 6,757,048 individuals who received national health checkup in 2009 and follow-up health examination in 2011 were analyzed and followed up until 2018. MetS status included the following categories: MetS-chronic (n = 941,609), MetS-developed (n = 614,229), MetS-recovery (n = 455,835), and MetS-free (n = 4,745,375).

Results
With a median follow-up duration of 6.403 years, 1,350 subjects were newly diagnosed with laryngeal cancer. Compared to participants without MetS, adjusted hazard ratios (HR) (95% confidence interval) for those with MetS were 1.320 (1.17–1.489) for laryngeal cancer. The HR of laryngeal cancer was found to be increased with increasing number of MetS components. The MetS-developed group had a significantly higher risk of laryngeal cancer than the MetS-free group (HR: 1.296; 95% CI: 1.093–1.537). The MetS-recovery group within two years also had an increased risk of laryngeal cancer compared with the MetS-free group (HR: 1.220; 95% CI: 1.008–1.476). Among MetS components, abdominal obesity had the highest risk of laryngeal cancer (HR: 1.374; 95% CI: 1.123–1.681).

Conclusion
Changes in MetS status were associated with the risk of laryngeal cancer. Results of this study have implications for etiological investigations and prevention strategies.
Molecular Dynamics Study of Interaction of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen Impurity Atoms with Self-Interstitial Atoms in Nickel, Silver and Aluminum
Authors: Zorya I.V. , Poletaev G.M. 
Published: June 2021

The interaction of impurity atoms of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen with self-interstitial atoms in FCC metals like nickel, silver, and aluminum is studied using the molecular dynamics method. It is found that the self-interstitial atom migration in the crystal lattice follows two mechanisms: dumbbell and crowdion. In this case, the first mechanism that includes one interatomic distance displacement and the rotation of the <001> dumbbell is characterized by broken paths of atomic migration. The second mechanism is described by straight paths along the close-packed directions <011> in the crystal.
The binding energies between impurity atoms and selfinterstitial atoms in Ni, Ag, and Al are calculated in the paper. It is shown that impurity atoms are effective “traps” for interstitial atoms that migrate relatively quickly in a crystal. During the interaction of an interstitial and an impurity atom, the interstitial atom forms a dumbbell configuration with an axis along the <001> direction, and the impurity atom is located in the nearest octahedral pore. It is found that the mobility of interstitial atoms is significantly reduced due to the presence of impurities in the metal. The introduction of 10 % impurity atoms leads to a severalfold increase in the migration energy of interstitial atoms. At the same time, the contribution of the crowdion mechanism is noticeably reduced while the dumbbell mechanism contribution is increased.
On Some Remarkable Points and Line Segments in Triangles
Authors: Maltsev Yu.N. , Monastyreva A.S. 
Published: June 2021

Let ra, rb, rc be the radii, and OA, OB, OC the centers of tangent circles at the vertices to the circumcircle of a triangle ABC and to the opposite sides. In the paper [Andrica D., Marinescu D.S. New interpolation inequalities to Euler's R≥2 // Forum Geometricorum. 2017. Vol. 17], the authors proved that 4/R £ 1/ra + 1/rb +1/rc £2/r. In the paper [Isaev I., Maltsev Yu., Monastyreva A. On some relations in geometry of a triangle // Journal of Classical Geometry. 2018. Vol. 4], it is given the following generalization of these inequalities: 1/ra + 1/rb +1/rc=2/R+1/r. In that paper, we find the area of the triangle OAOBOC (see Theorem 1). We prove some relations for the numbers R-ra, R-rb, R-rc, where R is the circumradius of a triangle ABC. Namely, we find the expressions 1/R-ra+1/R-rb + 1/R-rc и a/R-ra+b/R-rb + c/R-rc by means by the parameters p, R and r (see Theorem 2). We estimate these values (see Theorem 3). Finally, using the results of paper [Maltsev Yu., Monastyreva A. On some relations for a triangle // International Journal of Geometry. 2019. Vol. 8 (1)] and representing the expression of (1-cos(αβ))(1-cos(β-γ))(1-cos(α-γ)) by means of p, R, r, we prove new proof of the fundamental triangle inequality (see Corollary 2).
Reich-Gottes-Hoffnung als Auferstehungs-Resonanz
Authors: Hübner Jörg 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The concept of resonance and unavailability, which is currently widely discussed in church and theology, is interpreted in this contribution as a system program of hope. As a correlate, a theology of hope is unfolded anew, a theology of resurrection resonance is described, and the message of the coming kingdom of God in times of crisis is attempted to be updated.
Burden of Osteoporosis in the Countries of the Eurasian Region
Authors: Zakroyeva Alla G. , Babalyan Varta , Gabdulina Guldjan , Lobanchenko Оlga , Ershova Оlga B. , Issaeva Samal , Issaeva Bakytsholpan , Ismailov Said , Abboshujaeva Lola , Alikhanova Nodira , Cazac Victor , Tsagareli Marina , Ramanau Heorhi , Rudenkо Ema V. , Rudenkо Alena V. , Lesnyak Olga M. 
Published: June 2021

The public health burden of osteoporosis estimated by the results of clinical and population-based researches in most of the former USSR is uncertain for today. The objective of this audit (Audit-2020) was the epidemiological, medico-social and economic analyse of current and future osteoporosis challenges for the future years for eight countries of the Eurasian region.Methods.We did a search and critical analysis of the publications, including of regional in English, Russian or national languages, did organize a structured survey among national osteoporosis societies members in Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyz Republic, Russia, as well as explored the demographic trends in these countries.Results.Scientific researches including the wide population-based EVA project discovered that the expected number of patients with osteoporosis varies from 240,000 in Armenia to 16 million in Russia. All the countries should be categorized as a moderate risk of hip fractures for women (200–300 cases /100,000 per year). Belarus, Moldova, Armenia, Georgia and Kyrgyzstan have moderate risk for men (100–150/100,000), as well as Russia, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan are distinguished by a high risk for men (over 150 cases/100,000). Population aging trends are predicting the future growth in the osteoporosis-associated health challenges throughout the region. It is likely the number of osteoporotic fractures to rise in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan the most: 2.5–3.5 times by 2050. However current hospitalization rates for hip fracture persons are low in most countries (33–80%), the diagnostic equipment is insufficient (0.2–1.3 per million), DXA testing are expensive. Although modern treatments are available, the cure expenses remain high. Hereby, immediate action is required in each country of audit, including admit osteoporosis is a priority public health problem.Conclusion.Osteoporosis is a challenge for the countries of the Eurasian region. Its burden is about to get worse due to the expected demographic changes.
Examining the Relationship between Entrepreneurship Development Programs and Business Performance among Entrepreneurs in Tioman Island, Malaysia
Authors: HALIM Muhammad Abi Sofian Abdul , OMAR Khatijah , SAPUTRA Jumadil , KAMARUDDIN Siti Nor Adawiyah Azzahra , RAZALI Md Khairul Azwan Md 
Published: June 2021

Malaysia is an ecotourism destination that attracts foreign tourists, like ecotourism destinations in Bali, Chiang-Mai, Hat Yai, Phuket, and Aceh. Tioman Island is one of the most beautiful island destinations in Southeast Asia and receives an abundance of foreign tourists every year. This influx of tourists has built a new market segment and ecotourism concept approach, especially to micro and small entrepreneurs in Tioman Island. Some micro and small ecotourism operators in Tioman Island face competition problems with some medium-level companies that offer more competitive tourism products. This study examines the relationship between entrepreneurship development programs and business performance among entrepreneurs in Tioman Island. The findings showed that technology application and market access have a significant positive effect on business performance. Besides that, three other variables, namely, business networking, business financing, and training skill, do not significantly affect the business performance among entrepreneurs in Tioman Island. In conclusion, two significant variables that have contributed to entrepreneur business performance in Tioman Island are technology application and market access. This study can provide opportunities for some micro and small entrepreneurs among the island community, such as lodging services, homestays, chalets, and recreational services.
Mikroplastik Pada Sedimen di Zona Pemukiman, Zona Perlindungan Bahari dan Zona Pemanfaatan Darat Kepulauan Karimunjawa, Jepara
Authors: Kurniawan Revo Raprika , Suprijanto Jusup , Ridlo Ali 
Published: June 2021

Karimunjawa merupakan salah satu kawasan Taman Nasional yang terdapat di Indonesia yang terdiri dari pulau-pulau dan terbagi menjadi beberapa zona yang disesuaikan menurut fungsi dan peruntukkannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis dan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada sedimen di zona pemukiman, zona pemanfaatan darat, dan zona perlindungan bahari Kepulauan Karimunjawa, Jepara. Sampel sedimen diambil dengan menggunakan pipa di 3 lokasi yaitu Pelabuhan Perintis, Legon Lele, dan Cemara Kecil. Sampel dikeringkan kemudian dipisahkan berdasakan ukuran butir menggunakan sieve shaker. Sedimen yang terjebak dalam sieve ukuran 0,3 dan 0,1 mm direndam dalam H2O2 30% selama 24 jam selanjutnya mikroplastik dipisahkan dari sedimen dengan 100 ml ZnCl2 densitas 1,5 g/cm-3 kemudian disaring dengan menggunakan kerta Whatman No. 40. Mikroplastik diamati bentuk, warna, dan jumlah menggunakan mikroskop cahaya dengan perbesaran 100x dan diidentifikasi secara visual. Jenis mikroplastik ditentukan dengan Uji FT-IR. Hasil menunjukkan kelimpahan mikroplastik tertinggi ditemukan pada lokasi Legon Lele dengan jumlah sebesar 340 partikel/kg, pada Pelabuhan Perintis sebanyak 245 partikel/kg, dan pada Cemara Kecil sebanyak 245 partikel/kg. Bentuk mikroplastik yang ditemukan yaitu fragment, film, dan fiber. Jenis mikroplastik diduga yaitu HDPE, PVC, Polypropylene (PP), Polystrene (PS), ABS, Latex, LDPE, Nitrile, dan Nylon. Karimunjawa is one of the National Park areas in Indonesia which consists of islands and is divided into zones which are adjusted according to their function and purpose. This study aims to determine the type and abundance of microplastics in sediments in residential zones, land use zones, and marine protection zones of the Karimunjawa Islands, Jepara. Sediment samples were taken using pipes in 3 locations, namely Perintis Harbor, Legon Lele, and Cemara Kecil. The sample is dried and then separated based on grain size using a sieve shaker. Sediments trapped in 0.3 and 0.1 mm sieve sizes were soaked in 30% H2O2 for 24 hours and then microplastic was separated from sediments with 100 ml of ZnCl2 density 1.5 g / cm-3 then filtered using Whatman No. kerta 40. Microplastic observed shapes, colors, and quantities using a light microscope with a magnification of 100x and identified visually. Microplastic type was determined by FT-IR Test. The results showed the highest microplastic abundance was found at the Legon Lele location with an abundance of 340 particles / kg, at the Port of Pioneer as much as 245 particles / kg, and at Cemara Kecil as much as 245 particles / kg. Microplastic forms found are fragments, films, and fibers. Microplastic types are suspected namely HDPE, PVC, Polypropylene (PP), Polystrene (PS), ABS, Latex, LDPE, Nitrile, and Nylon.
Dapatkah Megabentos Epifauna Tumbuh pada Geobag? Studi Kasus di Desa Banyuurip, Gresik
Authors: Sartimbul Aida , Agustin Rafika Devi , Saputra Dhira Khurniawan , Yona Defri , Sari Syarifah Hikmah Julinda , Iranawati Feni , Hidayati Nurin 
Published: June 2021

Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk mengatasi masalah abrasi di wilayah pesisir pantai Desa Banyuurip, Gresik. Upaya yang dilakukan salah satunya adalah reboisasi mangrove, namun upaya tersebut belum efektif, sehingga salah satu solusinya adalah dengan dipasangnya geosyntheticbag (geobag), yang merupakan kantong ramah lingkungan berisi pasir yang disusun dan dapat berfungsi sebagai perangkap sedimen dan pelindung pantai. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pada bulan ke berapa biota dapat tumbuh pada geosintetik dan struktur komunitas biota yang tumbuh menggunakan metode random transek. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa megabentos epifauna dapat tumbuh pada geobag pada bulan ke-4 setelah pemasangan, yang terdiri dari 3 spesies yaitu Metopograpsus sp., Ostrea edulis, dan Fistulobalanus albicostatus. Kelimpahan jenis megabentos pada bulan ke-4 rata-rata mencapai 198 individu/m2, sedangkan kelimpahan pada bulan ke-5 mencapai 259 individu/m2. Hasil perhitungan indeks struktur komunitas megabentos pada bulan ke-4 dan ke-5 secara berurutan meliputi indeks keanekaragaman (H’) bernilai 0,10 dan 0,11; indeks keseragaman (c) bernilai 0,09 dan 0,10; dan indeks dominansi bernilai 0,96 dan 0,96. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa geobag berfungsi sebagai pencegah abrasi serta sekaligus dapat menyatu dengan media di sekitarnya sehingga diklaim ramah lingkungan, karena dapat ditumbuhi biota yang tidak mengganggu atau merubah struktur komunitas biota di wilayah tersebut. Various attempts have been made to solve the abrasion in the coastal area of Banyuurip Village, Gresik. To overcome this problem, the community planted the mangroves, but these have not been effective. One solution to this problem is to install a geosynthetic bag (geobag), which is an environmentally friendly bag that is arranged and can be function as a sediment trap. The purpose of this study was to determine when the megabenthos can grow in the geosynthetic and how the community structure grow using the quadrant random transect method. The result showed that epifaunal megabenthos could grow on geobag at the fourth month after installation, which consisted of 3 species. The abundance of megabenthos at the 4th month averaged 198 individuals/m2, while the abundance at the 5th month reached 259 individuals/m2. The structure index (H’) in January and February were 0.10 and 0.11, respectively. The similarity index (C) were 0.09 and 0.10, and while the dominance index was 0.96 and 0.96. This study is suggested that the geobag can be function both as a deterrent to abrasion and simultaneously integrate with the surrounding media and be claim as environmentally friendly, because it can be overgrown with biota that does not disturb or change the structure of the biota community in the area.
Understanding the Nordic Gender Diversity Paradox
Authors: Minelgaite Inga , Sund Berit , Stankeviciene Jelena 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Norway and Iceland consistently top global gender equality rankings and pioneer the introduction of various measures for increased gender diversity. Still, actual gender diversity in top- level positions is lacking. This article seeks to better understand the contradiction between gender equality as a value and the actual lack of gender diversity and presents a conceptual model built of existing literature, which draws on potential differences between values held at the societal level and the individual level, and subsequent consequences for attitudes to diversity and diversity- impacting behaviors. Conceptual propositions are set forth that can be developed into a testable hypothesis.
The Right to Be Forgotten in the European Perspective
Authors: Razmetaeva Yulia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The article focuses on the right to be forgotten, which is at the center of changes in the concept of human rights in the digital age. The origins of the right to be forgotten in European legal doctrine and judicial practice, as well as its relationship with autonomy and identity, are analyzed. The article also examines the significance of the new understanding of “time” and “data” for the adoption of this right, considering the influence of two key cases of the Court of Justice of the European Union, such as Google v. Spain [2014] and Google v. CNIL [2019] on the concept of the right to be forgotten. The place of this right, its connection with privacy and European data protection law is debated. The article focuses on jurisdictional issues, paying particular attention to both the right to be forgotten and the understanding of the relationship between privacy a nd freedom of expression in the European Union and the United States, and possible jurisdictional disputes around the world. The article also addresses the issue of balancing rights and legitimate interests, as well as the proportionality for applying the right to be forgotten, both in the European and global contexts.
Excessive Pricing of Pharmaceuticals in the EU: Balancing between Exploitation and Exploitative Abuse
Authors: Minn Mari 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNormally, after the end of the exclusivity period offered by patents, medicines fall in public domain attracting competing companies to launch generic production that would bring down price levels. for different reasons, generic production of off-patented medicines does not always take place, allowing the main producer to continue dictate price levels. under some circumstances, this conduct may turn into exploitative abuse. However, excessive pricing itself is not anti-competitive unless other cost-and non-cost-related factors are present that turn excessive pricing a concern of competition law.The article analyses the most relevant Eu case-law on abusive pricing in the pharmaceutical sector questioning what the right benchmark price is in the light of theUnited Brandstwo-limb test. As economic calculations cannot provide universal solutions in these cases, the article suggests that theUnited Brandstest should not be the only method to judge exploitative abuse, but rather a combination of different methods that need to be applied to achieve reliable results. As emphasised in several cases, both economic calculations and other factors should be considered to avoid the risk of false-positive results. furthermore, exploitative abuse exists only in case excessive pricing is additionally unfair. However, judging unfairness, as discussed in this article, is a complicated task where the outcomes depend on the impact of the test results on the competition process.
Regulatory Framework of the Research-Based Approach to Education in the EU
Authors: Joamets Kristi , Vasquez Maria Claudia Solarte 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Higher education institutions around the world have embarked on complex journeys of organizational change to facilitate the transition towards a more competent and educated society, especially one able to adapt to advanced and sustainable political, economic and sociotechnical paradigms. in this context, leading universities have adopted the Research-Based (rB) approach as a fundamental component of their strategies to bring closer together their main educational activities: teaching, learning and research. However, in spite of ample efforts, serious shortcomings at the implementation level are commonly reported. Especially revealing are the students’ limited self-reliance, confidence, and academic research and writing skills documented in the literature. This article examines and updates the concept of Research-Based maps and explores the multilevel regulatory framework that has conditioned the implementation and alignment of educational initiatives, including the institutional arrangements that are common in public universities in the European union, and in Estonia, as an example. it enhances the understanding of complex institutional and regulatory interactions in general, emphasizing the importance of reflexive and well justified normative determination.
Wavelet collocation methods for solving neutral delay differential equations
Authors: Faheem Mo , Raza Akmal , Khan Arshad 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we proposed wavelet based collocation methods for solving neutral delay differential equations. We use Legendre wavelet, Hermite wavelet, Chebyshev wavelet and Laguerre wavelet to solve the neutral delay differential equations numerically. We solved five linear and one nonlinear problem to demonstrate the accuracy of wavelet series solution. Wavelet series solution converges fast and gives more accurate results in comparison to other methods present in literature. We compare our results with Runge–Kutta-type methods by Wang et al. (Stability of continuous Runge–Kutta-type methods for nonlinear neutral delay-differential equations,” Appl. Math. Model, vol. 33, no. 8, pp. 3319–3329, 2009) and one-leg θ methods by Wang et al. (Stability of one-leg θ method for nonlinear neutral differential equations with proportional delay,” Appl. Math. Comput., vol. 213, no. 1, pp. 177–183, 2009) and observe that our results are more accurate.
Synthetic biology open language visual (SBOL Visual) version 2.3
Authors: Baig Hasan , Fontanarossa Pedro , Kulkarni Vishwesh , McLaughlin James , Vaidyanathan Prashant , Bartley Bryan , Bhakta Shyam , Bhatia Swapnil , Bissell Mike , Clancy Kevin , Cox Robert Sidney , Goñi Moreno Angel , Gorochowski Thomas , Grunberg Raik , Lee Jihwan , Luna Augustin , Madsen Curtis , Misirli Goksel , Nguyen Tramy , Le Novere Nicolas , Palchick Zachary , Pocock Matthew , Roehner Nicholas , Sauro Herbert , Scott-Brown James , Sexton John T. , Stan Guy-Bart , Tabor Jeffrey J. , Terry Logan , Vazquez Vilar Marta , Voigt Christopher A. , Wipat Anil , Zong David , Zundel Zach , Beal Jacob , Myers Chris 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
People who are engineering biological organisms often find it useful to communicate in diagrams, both about the structure of the nucleic acid sequences that they are engineering and about the functional relationships between sequence features and other molecular species. Some typical practices and conventions have begun to emerge for such diagrams. The Synthetic Biology Open Language Visual (SBOL Visual) has been developed as a standard for organizing and systematizing such conventions in order to produce a coherent language for expressing the structure and function of genetic designs. This document details version 2.3 of SBOL Visual, which builds on the prior SBOL Visual 2.2 in several ways. First, the specification now includes higher-level “interactions with interactions,” such as an inducer molecule stimulating a repression interaction. Second, binding with a nucleic acid backbone can be shown by overlapping glyphs, as with other molecular complexes. Finally, a new “unspecified interaction” glyph is added for visualizing interactions whose nature is unknown, the “insulator” glyph is deprecated in favor of a new “inert DNA spacer” glyph, and the polypeptide region glyph is recommended for showing 2A sequences.