bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Web‐based Child Health Promotion Program in South Korea Collaborating with US NASA: Behavioral Changes in Diet and Physical Activity in Preschool Children
Authors: Kim Jieun , Lim Hyunjung , Min Jungwon , Wang Youfa 
Published: June 2021

AimsAs an international educational program, the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Mission X (MX) “Train Like An Astronaut” Program promote fitness and good nutrition in children in 29 countries worldwide. We adapted the MX program in South Korea for preschool children's, to promote physical activity, nutrition knowledge and healthy eating behavior.MethodsOur intervention program consisted of 4 wk‐fitness and 2 wk‐nutrition education sessions during Nov and Dec 2014 and included 212 children (154 completed the study with survey). Each session each week lasted for 20‐50 min. Parents reported their children's health‐related characteristics, physical activity and eating behavior. At baseline and 6‐wk follow up, we assessed the physical activity, food record, and Nutrition Acknowledgement Test (NAT).ResultsAt baseline, 13.3% of the subjects were overweight or obese (BMI蠅85th). After intervention, subjects' physical activity related interest increased by 49‐59%. Fat intake significantly decreased than baseline in the 10th蠄 BMI<85th group (49.0±16.2g vs 40.2±15.6g, p< 0.05). NAT scored improved, increased than baseline in the 10th蠄 BMI<85th group (75.8 vs 83.2, p<0.001), BMI<10th and BMI蠅85th groups (69.4 vs 78.9, 77.2 vs 88.3, p< 0.05).ConclusionsThe 6‐wk South Korea NASA MX Program has resulted in favorable changes in preschooler's physical activity, nutrition knowledge and eating.
Methodological Quality of Meta‐Analyses on the Mediterranean Diet and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Bihuniak Jessica , Huedo‐Medina Tania , Garcia Marissa , Kerstetter Jane , Kenny Ann 
Published: June 2021

Several systematic reviews/meta‐analyses published within the last 10 years have examined the effects of Mediterranean style diets (MedSD) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, these reports have not been evaluated for satisfying contemporary methodological quality standards. To assess compliance with current standards, we applied a modified version of the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTARMedSD) quality scale to systematic reviews/ meta‐analyses retrieved from electronic databases that had met our selection criteria: (1) used systematic or meta‐analytic procedures to review the literature; (2) examined MedSD trials; and (3) had MedSD interventions independently or combined with other interventions. Reviews completely satisfied from 8% to 75% of the AMSTARMedSD items (Mean=31.6%±19.6%), with those published in higher impact journals having greater quality scores. At a minimum 50% of the 20 reports did not disclose full search details or apply appropriate statistical methods to combine study findings. Only two of the reviews included participant or MedSD diet characteristics in their analyses. These data suggest that current meta‐analyses evaluating the effect of MedSD on CVD risk do not fully comply with contemporary methodological quality standards. As a result they have contributed less than ideally to our understanding of how MedSD impacts CVD risk, or how these effects may be moderated by the participant or MedSD characteristics. In order to clarify the effects of MedSD on CVD risk,future meta‐analyses need to adhere to contemporary methodological quality standards.FundingUSDA Hatch project 1000900, CONS000927
A Comparison of Food Supply Over the Recent 25 Years and Degree of Dietary Westernization in Taiwan With Asian Countries and World Continents
Authors: Peng Cheau‐Jane , Guo How‐Ran 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo compare quality, quantity, and trends of food supply from 1984 to 2009 and degree of food westernization in Taiwan with Asian countries and world continents by using food balance data(FBS).MethodsWe compiled data from FBS of Taiwan and FAO, including five continents and three most populated countries each in Eastern, Southern, and South Eastern Asia over the period 1984‐2009. Quantity of food supply per capita was referenced to Taiwan food guides. The population‐weighted means of food supply from Europe, North America, South America, and Australia & New Zealand Continents in terms of energy and nutrient distributions, animal/plant sources, and sugar/alcohol contribution were used asindicators of westernization.FindingsTaiwan's food supply, although currently provides sufficient food per capita, showed decreasing trends through recent years. The cereals/roots supply and rice to wheat ratio kept as the lowest, while the meat and oil supplies per capita were the highest among the 10 studied Asian countries. Judging by the indices of food energy from animal food (kcal, %), total food protein(g), protein to total energy(%), total food fat(g), fat to total energy(%), protein/fat from animal sources(%),Taiwan had the most westernized food patterns.imageConclusionFood supply of Taiwan, although currently sufficient, indicated some security problems and high tendency of diet westernization.
Age and Sex Analysis on the Relationship between Serum 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D and Hypertension in General Korean Population
Authors: Kim Dasom , Kim Jihye 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundPrevious studies have suggested that serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is associated with hypertension. However, it has not been examined the age difference on the relation between serum 25(OH)D and the risk of hypertension.ObjectiveThe present study examined the relationship between serum 25(OH)D and the risk of hypertension by age in general South Korean populations with considering potential risk factors for hypertension.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based, cross‐sectional study.20,440 adults aged 19 years or over that participated in 2009 to 2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition ExaminationSurveys were selected for the present study. Hypertension was defined as SBP 蠅140 mmHg, or DBP蠅90 mmHg, or current use of anti‐hypertensive medication.ResultsWe found that serum 25(OH)D levels are inversely associated with the risk of hypertension in young and middle‐aged adults, but not in elderly. In young and middle‐aged adults, the adjusted ORs for hypertension tended to decrease according to the quartiles of serum 25(OH)D after adjustment for potential confounders significantly only in women (OR=0.73, 95% CI=0.58‐0.91, P for trend =0.0345). ). Although the adjusted ORs for hypertension showed the tendency to decrease with increasing serum 25(OH)Dconcentration, the association was not significant. There was no association between serum 25(OH)D concentration and the risk of hypertension in elderly subjects.ConclusionHigher serum 25(OH)D level was strongly associated with a lower risk of hypertension in young and middle‐aged Korean women, not in elderly.
Nutrient Composition of 'Kunnu‐ Zaki' Beverage Fortified with Blends of Groundnut (Arachis hypogeal), Tiger‐nut (Cyperus esculentus) and Brown Rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Olyalawuba Nkeiruka , Ibe Oluchi 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThe objective of the study is to determine the nutrient composition of 'Kunnu – Zaki' based on blends of fermented sorghum with sugar, roasted groundnut with dried tigernut, and tigernut with sprouted brown rice.MethodThe samples sorghum, roasted groundnut, dried tigernut and brown rice were purchased from a local market in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. They were all separately cleaned, washed and processed in line with the traditional method common in the Bauchi and Gombe States of Nigeria where the beverage is widely consumed (Gaffa et al, 2002 b).ResultThe Kunnu – Zaki beverage prepared from Sample B (sprouted brown rice and tigernut) had the highest scores of carbohydrate (4.91g), protein (3.86g), fiber (0.187g) and lipid (1.05g) followed by Sample C (tigernut and groundnut) and lastly Sample A (Sorghum and sugar).The micronutrient content of the Sample B was also highest. Organoleptic evaluation of the samples showed higher acceptability of the fortified samples B and C than the commonly consumed sample A. Table 1 shows the micronutrient composition of the samples.

Micronutrients
A; Sorghum
B; Rice and Tigernut
C; Tigernut and Groundnut

Ca (mg/100g)
0.40+/‐0.09
0.93+/‐0.12
0.80+/‐0.10

Fe (mg/100g)
4.73+/‐0.06
6.38+/‐0.08
5.63+/‐0.09

An (mg/100g
1.20+/‐0.06
1.70+/‐0.07
1.32+/‐0.05

I (ug/100g)
1.60+/‐ 0.06
1.67+/‐0.06
1.59+/‐0.09

B‐carotine (ug/100g)
3.10+/‐0.00
7.32+/‐0.03
5.93+/‐0.01

Frolic acid (u/100g)
0.27+/‐0.10
0.28+/‐0.02
0.26+/‐0.04

Sample
Color
Flavor
Consistency
Generalacceptability

A; Sorghum
6.55ab+/‐ 1.09
5.83a+/‐ 1.34
5.83a +/‐ 1.25
6.33a +/‐1.03

B; Rice and Tiger nut
7.17b +/‐0.86
5.83a +/‐1.51
6.05a +/‐ 1.39
7.33b +/‐ 0.77

C; Tigernut and Groundnut
6.22a +/‐ 1.17
6.88b +/‐ 1.13
7.61b +/‐ 1.14
7.78b +/‐ 0.94

Least significant difference
0.69
0.83
0.89
0.57

ConclusionThe fortified Kunnu – Zaki beverages were more nutritious for human consumption and had enhanced organoleptic qualities. The fortified beverages will improve the daily nutrient intake of an individual and therefore should be made available for consumption.
Protective Effect of Germinated and Fermented Soybean Extract Against tert‐butyl Hydroperoxide‐Induced Hepatotoxicity in the Rats
Authors: Kim Eun Young , Park Yooheon , Suh Hyung Joo 
Published: June 2021

Current study was aimed to investigate antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of germinated andfermented soybean extract (GFSE) on tert‐butyl hydroperoxide(t‐BHP)–induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cell and rat liver. t‐BHP‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was significantly lowered by GFSE. The ROS reduction was associated with mRNA levels those are down‐regulated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate‐oxidase 4 (NOX4), a pro‐oxidant enzyme, and up‐regulated anti‐oxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismuatase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), and glutathione reductase (GR) in the liver. In addition, mRNA level of antioxidant enzymes those are related to the enhancement of enzymatic activities of SOD, catalase, and glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) was also significantly increased. This antioxidant effect of GFSE was connected to the reduction of MDA (malondialdehyde) levels as well as the increase of glutathione (GSH) levels in the liver. Furthermore, GFS was shown to decrease the serum level of clinical markers for the liver function such as ALT (alanine aminotransferase), AST (Aspartate aminotransferase), and total cholesterol. These effects of GFSE were also confirmed by histopathological analyses.This work was supported by “Food Functionality Evaluation program” under the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs and partly Korea Food Research Institute.
Serum Zinc Concentrations and Depression in Persons with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Poudel Krishna , Poudel‐Tandukar Kalpana 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundHIV infection has been frequently associated with zinc deficiency and depression. Zinc deficiency may increase the risk of depression in people without HIV. However, research on the role of zinc in depression among HIV‐positive people is limited. We assessed the association between serum zinc concentrations and depression in HIV‐positive people.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among 311 HIV‐positive people residing in Kathmandu, Nepal. Anthropometric and information on medical history, food habits, and life‐style factors were collected. Fasting blood samples were taken. The atomic absorption method was used to measure serum zinc concentrations and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)‐Ia was used to measure depression, with cut off score 20 or higher. The relationship of zinc concentrations to depression was assessed using both multiple linear regressions and multiple logistic regression analyses.ResultsIn total, 26% of participants were depressed. The geometric means of depression scores in men and women were 8.18 and 12.38, respectively. The means of zinc concentrations in men and women were 75.62 µg/dL and 72.63 µg/dL, respectively. Serum zinc concentrations were inversely associated with log depression scores (β=‐0.02; P=0.0003). Men and women with the highest level of zinc concentrations had a significantly decreased risk of depression, with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for the highest versus lowest tertile of serum zinc concentrations were 0.49 (0.25‐0.98), 0.28 (0.11‐0.71), and 0.98 (0.33‐2.89) for total participants, men, and women, respectively.ConclusionSerum zinc concentrations are inversely associated with depression scores in HIV‐positive people.
Resistance Training and Mitochondrial Metabolism
Authors: Flack Kyle , Davy Kevin , Hulver Matthew , Frisard Madlyn , Anderson Angela , Boutagy Nabil , Savla Jyoti , Winett Richard , Davy Brenda 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo determine if resistance exercise training improves skeletal muscle substrate oxidative capacity in older adults.BackgroundA decline in skeletal muscle oxidative capacity occurs with aging. Aerobic exercise increases skeletal muscle's ability to oxidize multiple substrates. The role resistance exercise training (RT) has on skeletal muscle substrate oxidative capacity is unclear.Methods19 males aged 蠅60 were randomized (RT=11, sedentary control=8). RT included 7 machine exercises, 1 set to failure ~8‐12 reps, 3x/week for 12 weeks. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the v. lateralis at baseline and 12 weeks. Palmitate and pyruvate oxidation, enzyme activity of 3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (β‐HAD) and citrate synthase (CS) were assessed from muscle homogenates, strength from 3‐rep maximum (3RM).Results3RM improved 75 and 74 % (P<0.01) for chest and leg press with RT. No change in total fatty acid (1.23±4.76 vs. 0.64±6.74 nm CO2/hr) or pyruvate oxidation (150.11 ± 291.76 vs. 53.28±302.44 nm CO2/mg/hr, P>0.05) in RT vs control respectively. β‐HAD increased (6.89±8.94 ng/mg/min, P<0.05) but not CS with RT.ConclusionsThese results suggest that 12 weeks of RT does not change skeletal muscle oxidative capacity in older men.
Localization of Gut Microbiota Along Longitudinal and Radial Axes in the Healthy Neonatal Piglet
Authors: Lennon Dylan , Liu Lin , Allen Hannah , Lukosaityte Jurate , Zhao Lisa , Li Eric , Wang Gary , Borum Peggy 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundGut microbiota succession and configuration of the host‐microbe axis are important features of post‐natal development, but cannot be monitored in stool.MethodsPaired samples of lumen contents and mucosa from 5 term, male piglets aged 1‐2 days (n=3) and littermates 9‐10 days older (n=2) were collected at 3 sites each from the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, and at 4 sites in the colon. A total of 130 samples from 5 piglets were analyzed and assayed for the 16S rRNA gene using an Illumina MiSeq platform.ResultsThe duodenum, jejunum, and ileum each harbored more species compared to the colon (P<0.05). Clustering analyses suggested that the communities within the colon became less similar to the small intestine with older age. Interestingly, mucosal populations also possessed a rich number of species with respect to lumen samples. We detected species that significantly discriminated the lumen from the mucosa in younger and older piglets (Bonferroni‐P<0.05). The majority of these species could be attributed to a single different phyla for each comparison.

Lumen (# Species)
Mucosa (#Species)

Younger
Firmicutes (19)
Proteobacteria (10)

Older
Proteobacteria (9)
Firmicutes (6)

ConclusionsPost‐natal succession of microbes after 9 days of life has longitudinal and radial components, and showed the greatest diversity in small intestine mucosal regions, even in the youngest piglets. This detailed biogeographical map provides a level of resolution about the location of gut microbiome communities that cannot be obtained in stool.
Effects on River Macro‐invertebrates of Increased Urbanization Near Puerto Rico's Watersheds: Changes in Population Abundance and Locomotor and Aggressive Behavior
Authors: Ortiz‐Lugo José , Pedreira Patricia , Maldonado Esteban , Quiñones Michael , Rodríguez Nikitas , Rivera Nilsa , Sosa Maria 
Published: June 2021

Urban development is a form of anthropogenic environmental disturbance that globally threatens waterways by altering the hydrology and water quality. We are assessing how increased urbanization near rivers of Puerto Rico impacts the aquatic biota. Here we compare the abundance of Macrobrachium carcinus prawns in representative rivers and asses the effects of water chemicals found in those near urban areas on prawn locomotor activity and aggression.A monthly census of prawns along different gradients of urban intensity was conducted in four rivers of the island. The relative number of prawns collected by traps was significantly higher (144) in the non‐urban river, compared with 0, 0, and 2 prawns in comparable areas of three urban rivers.Prawns from non‐urban rivers were exposed in the lab to concentrations the EPA defines as limits for drinking water of specific phthalates (0.006 mg/L) and metal contaminants (Cr3+;0.1 mg/L, Cd2+;0.005 mg/L, Mn2+;0.05mg/L). All contaminants increased locomotion and DBP, Cr3+ and Cd2+ increased total area covered by prawns in the tank, and altered their locomotor patterns. Prawns injected with DBP ventured more towards the center than remaining near edges. Submissive prawns injected with DBP, Cr3+, Cd2+ and Mn2+ also escalated aggression levels.Results suggest that contaminants in urbanized watersheds are associated with prawn assemblage degradation and also have an impact on locomotion and aggressive behavior. These findings serve as important indicators of how low levels of anthropogenic contaminants, such as phthalates and metals, can impact behaviors essential for survival.
Micronutrient Deficiencies Are Still Common among Chinese Children and Adolescents
Authors: Wang Huijun , Zhang Bing , Du Shufa , Popkin Barry 
Published: June 2021

Protein‐energy malnutrition is rapidly decreasing in China, while few studies reported the status of micronutrient malnutrition. To explore the trends and associated factors of micronutrients intakes, including calcium, iron, zinc, Selenium, Vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and vitamin C, we analyzed dietary intake data among Chinese children and adolescents aged 4 to 17 years collected in an open cohort study, the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) from 1991 to 2011. We collected dietary data by using consecutive three 24‐hour recalls in combination with weighing methods. We assessed nutrient intake status by using the newly released estimated average requirement (EAR) for Chinese children. On average, daily calcium intake increased from 297.2 mg/day in 1991 to 310.2 mg/day in 2011 among boys and from 283.0 mg/day to 301.6 mg/day among girls during the same period. 11.4% to 18.5% of boys and 9.0% to 13% of girls reached the EAR levels for calcium. The average daily zinc intake of Chinese children decreased from 10.4 mg/day in 1991 to 9.6 mg/day in 2011, with only 21.5% of children reaching the EAR levels. Other micronutrient deficiencies are common. Multivariate analyses showed that micronutrient deficiencies are more common among girls than boys (p < 0.05) and among low income groups (p < 0.05). Micronutrients deficiencies should not be overlooked while most attentions are paid to childhood obesity in China.This study was supported by the NIH (R01‐HD30880) and the Fogarty International Center, NIH (5D43TW007709).
Socially marketing micronutrients: Caregiver recall of a multi‐channel communications campaign in Bolivia
Authors: Harding Kimberly , Roche Marion , López de Romaña Daniel , Escobari Max , Merino Delsy 
Published: June 2021

We designed and implemented a communications campaign in Bolivia, in partnership with the Ministry of Health and Sports, to increase demand and appropriate use of micronutrient supplements for children as part of the national Zero Malnutrition Program. The full campaign (TV and radio ads and print materials) was implemented in prioritized municipalities and only mass media was implemented in non‐prioritized municipalities (prioritization was based on population size, supplement coverage and anemia burden). We aimed to assess caregiver recall of the communications campaign, with and without community‐level print communication. 9 mo after campaign dissemination, we conducted a household‐level survey with caregivers of young children 6‐23 mo of age (n=363) in randomly selected prioritized (n=19) and non‐prioritized (n=18) municipalities. We administered a questionnaire on campaign exposure and related knowledge, attitudes and practices, and showed images of materials to facilitate recall. 30% of caregivers surveyed reported recall of the campaign, which was higher in urban than rural areas (37 vs 23%, p<.05) and higher in prioritized than non‐prioritized areas (37 vs 19%, p<.05). Ownership of TV was 84% and radio was 75%. Median daily use of each was 2 h. Overall recall of TV ads was 17% and radio was 9% (20 vs 13%, p=.1 and 7 vs 12%, p=.07 in prioritized and non‐prioritized areas, respectively). Recall of TV and radio ads was lower than expected, based on high TV and radio ownership and formative research findings which identified these mass media channels (stations and hours) as the preferred form of receiving health information.Funding: Micronutrient Initiative
Effects of a World Food Program‐Sponsored Malnutrition Intervention Program on Undernutrition and Stunting in La Estancia, El Salvador
Authors: Rosales Rachael , Gosselin Kerri , Kasper Jennifer 
Published: June 2021

Background6% and 19% of Salvadoran children 0‐59 months of age are moderately or severely underweight and stunted respectively. Estancia consists of nine rural villages Northeastern El Salvador; 33% of population lives in extreme poverty; housing, safe water and sanitation are lacking; food insecurity is among highest nationwide. MethodsConvenience sample of 190 children under two years age received education talks, anthropometric measurements, and distribution of WFP Super Cereal plus, beans, rice, and vegetable oil. Data entered into WHO Anthro database. Children were classified as normal (>‐2SD) or malnourished (= or < ‐2 SD). Analysis conducted using STATA. ResultsAt enrollment, mean age was 11.2 months, 45% female, 29 (15.3%) had WAZ <=‐2, 69 (36.3%) had HAZ <=‐2. Average length of intervention was 179 days. After supplementation, 22 (11%) had WAZ <=‐2 and 86 (45%) had HAZ <=‐2. Limitations: Small sample size, lack of attribution, possible measurement and data entry errors, lack of health data. Likely distribution of nutritional supplements among all family members, and Super Cereal's incomplete coverage of children's RDA, potentially dilute effect of nutritional supplement on improving nutritional status. ConclusionsBaseline acute undernutrition and stunting rates nearly double country‐wide prevalence, highlighting Estancia's higher burden of disease. Older children were more likely to be stunted. WPF nutritional supplement decreased acute undernutrition, but was insufficient to reduce chronic malnutrition and stunting.