bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Patient Metastatic Pleural Effusion-Derived Xenograft Model of Renal Medullary Carcinoma Demonstrates Therapeutic Efficacy of Sunitinib
Authors: Lee Alex Q. , Ijiri Masami , Rodriguez Ryan , Gandour-Edwards Regina , Lee Joyce , Tepper Clifford G. , Li Yueju , Beckett Laurel , Lam Kit , Goodwin Neal , Satake Noriko 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundRenal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is a rare but aggressive tumor often complicated by early lung metastasis with few treatment options and very poor outcomes. There are currently no verified RMC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models established from metastatic pleural effusion (PE) available to study RMC and evaluate new therapeutic options.MethodsRenal tumor tissue and malignant PE cells from an RMC patient were successfully engrafted into 20 NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice. We evaluated the histopathological similarity of the renal tumor and PE PDXs with the original patient renal tumor and PE, respectively. We then evaluated the molecular integrity of the renal tumor PDXs between passages, as well as the PE PDX compared to two generations of renal tumor PDXs, by microarray analysis. The therapeutic efficacy of sunitinib and temsirolimus was tested in a serially-transplanted generation of 27 PE PDX mice.ResultsThe pathologic characteristics of the patient renal tumor and patient PE were retained in the PDXs. Gene expression profiling revealed high concordance between the two generations of renal tumor PDXs (RMC-P0 vs. RMC-P1, r=0.865), as well as between the first generation PE PDX and each generation of the renal tumor PDX (PE-P0 vs. RMC-P0, r=0.919 and PE-P0 vs. RMC-P1, r=0.843). A low number (626) of differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) was seen between the first generation PE PDX and the first generation renal tumor PDX. In the PE-P1 xenograft, sunitinib significantly reduced tumor growth (p&lt;0.001) and prolonged survival (p=0.004) compared to the vehicle control.ConclusionsA metastatic PE-derived RMC PDX model was established and shown to maintain histologic features of the patient cancer. Molecular integrity of the PDX models was well maintained between renal tumor and PE PDX as well as between two successive renal tumor PDX generations. Using the PE PDX model, sunitinib demonstrated therapeutic efficacy for RMC. This model can serve as a foundation for future mechanistic and therapeutic studies for primary and metastatic RMC.
GYY4137 and Sodium Hydrogen Sulfide Relaxations Are Inhibited by L-Cysteine and KV7 Channel Blockers in Rat Small Mesenteric Arteries
Authors: Abramavicius Silvijus , Petersen Asbjørn G. , Renaltan Nirthika S. , Prat-Duran Judit , Torregrossa Roberta , Stankevicius Edgaras , Whiteman Matthew , Simonsen Ulf 
Published: March 2021

Donors of H2S may be beneficial in treating cardiovascular diseases where the plasma levels of H2S are decreased. Therefore, we investigated the mechanisms involved in relaxation of small arteries induced by GYY4137 [(4-methoxyphenyl)-morpholin-4-yl-sulfanylidene-sulfido-λ5-phosphane;morpholin-4-ium], which is considered a slow-releasing H2S donor. Sulfides were measured by use of 5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitro benzoic acid), and small rat mesenteric arteries with internal diameters of 200–250 µm were mounted in microvascular myographs for isometric tension recordings. GYY4137 produced similar low levels of sulfides in the absence and the presence of arteries. In U46619-contracted small mesenteric arteries, GYY4137 (10−6–10–3 M) induced concentration-dependent relaxations, while a synthetic, sulfur-free, GYY4137 did not change the vascular tone. L-cysteine (10−6–10–3 M) induced only small relaxations reaching 24 ± 6% at 10–3 M. Premixing L-cysteine (10–3 M) with Na2S and GYY4137 decreased Na2S relaxation and abolished GYY4137 relaxation, an effect prevented by an nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, L-NAME (Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester). In arteries without endothelium or in the presence of L-NAME, relaxation curves for GYY4137 were rightward shifted. High extracellular K+ concentrations decreased Na2S and abolished GYY4137 relaxation suggesting potassium channel-independent mechanisms are also involved Na2S relaxation while potassium channel activation is pivotal for GYY4137 relaxation in small arteries. Blockers of large-conductance calcium-activated (BKCa) and voltage-gated type 7 (KV7) potassium channels also inhibited GYY4137 relaxations. The present findings suggest that L-cysteine by reaction with Na2S and GYY4137 and formation of sulfides, inhibits relaxations by these compounds. The low rate of release of H2S species from GYY4137 is reflected by the different sensitivity of these relaxations towards high K+ concentration and potassium channel blockers compared with Na2S. The perspective is that the rate of release of sulfides plays an important for the effects of H2S salt vs. donors in small arteries, and hence for a beneficial effect of GYY4137 for treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Excessive Intake of Longan Arillus Alters gut Homeostasis and Aggravates Colitis in Mice
Authors: Huang Huimin , Li Mingxing , Wang Yi , Wu Xiaoxiao , Shen Jing , Xiao Zhangang , Zhao Yueshui , Du Fukuan , Chen Yu , Wu Zhigui , Ji Huijiao , Zhang Chunyuan , Li Jing , Wen Qinglian , Kaboli Parham Jabbarzadeh , Cho Chi Hin , Wang Shengpeng , Wang Yitao , He Yisheng , Wu Xu 
Published: March 2021

Background: Longan is the fruit of Dimocarpus longan Lour. and the longan arillus has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine possessing various health benefits. However, the excessive intake of longan is found in daily life to cause “shanghuo” syndrome. “Shanghuo” has been linked to increased disease susceptibility. The present study thus aimed to investigate the toxicological outcomes after excessive longan treatment.Methods: Longan extract at a normal dosage of 4 g/kg and two excess dosages of 8 and 16 g/kg was orally administered to normal C57BL/6J mice for two weeks or to C57BL/6J mice with DSS-induced colitis. Mouse gut microbiome were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Short chain fatty acid (SCFA) contents in colonic contents were measured by GC-MS. Colon tissue was used for histopathological observation after H and E staining, detection of protein expression by western blot, analysis of gene expression by qPCR, and detection of apoptotic cells by TUNEL assay. ELISA was used for biochemical analysis in serum.Results: In normal mice, repeated longan intake at excess doses, but not the normal dose, increased infiltration of inflammatory cells, elevated serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 and reduced production of SCFAs. In DSS-induced colitic mice, longan intake at 4 g/kg did not promote colitis in mice, while excessive longan (8 or 16 g/kg) aggravated colitis in mice, showing increased inflammation, more serious histological abnormalities, increased gut permeability, and increased epithelia injury when compared to DSS alone. Excessive longan induced a significant reduction of microbial diversity in colitic mice, accompanied with aggravated alterations of DSS-associated bacteria including the increase of Proteobacteria phylum and genera of Bacteroides, Akkermansia, Turicibacter and Escherchia-Shigella, and the decrease of norank_f__Muribaculaceae. The changed microbial compositions were accompanied with decreased SCFAs when longan was supplemented with DSS. The aggravated colon injury by excessive intake of longan in colitic mice was tightly correlated with the altered microbial communities and decreased SCFAs production.Conclusion: Excessive longan intake disturbs gut homeostasis and aggravates colitis via promoting inflammation and altering gut microbe compositions and associated metabolism in mice. Our findings warrant rational longan arillus consumption as a dietary supplement or herbal medicine.
Beliefs and Risk Perceptions About COVID-19: Evidence From Two Successive French Representative Surveys During Lockdown
Authors: Attema Arthur E. , L’Haridon Olivier , Raude Jocelyn , Seror Valérie ,   The COCONEL Group
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThe outbreak of COVID-19 has been a major interrupting event, challenging how societies and individuals deal with risk. An essential determinant of the virus’ spread is a series of individual decisions, such as wearing face masks in public space. Those decisions depend on trade-offs between costs (or benefits) and risks, and beliefs are key to explain these.MethodsWe elicit beliefs about the COVID-19 pandemic during lockdown in France by means of surveys asking French citizens about their belief of the infection fatality ratio (IFR) for COVID-19, own risk to catch the disease, risk as perceived by others, and expected prevalence rate. Those self-assessments were measured twice during lockdown: about 2 weeks after lockdown started and about 2 weeks before lockdown ended. We also measured the quality of these beliefs with respect to available evidence at the time of the surveys, allowing us to assess the calibration of beliefs based on risk-related socio-demographics. Finally, comparing own risk to expected prevalence rates in the two successive surveys provides a dynamic view of comparative optimism with respect to the disease.ResultsThe risk perceptions are rather high in absolute terms and they increased between the two surveys. We found no evidence for an impact of personal experience with COVID-19 on beliefs and lower risk perceptions of the IFR when someone in the respondent’s family has been diagnosed with a disease. Answers to survey 1 confirmed this pattern with a clear indication that respondents were optimistic about their chances to catch COVID-19. However, in survey 2, respondents revealed comparative pessimism.ConclusionThe results show that respondents overestimated the probabilities to catch or die from COVID-19, which is not unusual and does not necessarily reflect a strong deviation from rational behavior. While a rational model explains why the own risk to catch COVID-19 rose between the two surveys, it does not explain why the subjective assessment of the IFR remained stable. The comparative pessimism in survey 2 was likely due to a concomitant increase in the respondents’ perceived chances to catch the disease and a decreased expected prevalence rate.
Mental Distress and Psychological Disorders Related to COVID-19 Mandatory Lockdown
Authors: Kakaje Ameer , Fadel Ammar , Makki Leen , Ghareeb Ayham , Al Zohbi Ragheed 
Published: March 2021

Background: Lockdown restrictions due to COVID-19 have affected many people's lifestyles and ability to earn a living. They add further distress to the lives of people in Syria, who have already endured 9 years of war. This study evaluates distress and the major causes of concerns related to COVID-19 during the full lockdown.Methods: Online questionnaires were distributed using SPTSS, K10, and MSPSS which were used with other demographic, war- and COVID-19-related questions that were taken from The (CRISIS) V0.1 Adult Self-Report Baseline Form.Results: Our sample included 5,588 with the mean age of 26.84 ± 7.815 years. Of those, only one case of COVID-19 was confirmed. Over 42.7% had two or more positive PTSD symptoms, 42.6% had moderate or severe mental disorder, but only 14.9% had low social support. Higher PTSD and K10 scores overall were seen in female participants and with most of war variables (P &lt; 0.05). Relationships with the partner being negatively affected and distress from a decline in ability to work and provide food were the most prominent.Conclusions: The indirect effects of COVID-19 are far more than that of the pathogen itself. A reduced ability to earn and to provide food were the main concerns indicated in this study. Relationships deteriorated in participants with high K10 and PTSD scores who also had more symptoms and used more hypnotics in the last four weeks. Smoking patterns were not related to K10 and PTSD. Social support played a role in reducing stress, but when relationships were affected, lower support was observed.
A Study of Patient Preferences for the Treatment of Non–small Cell Lung Cancer in Western China: A Discrete-Choice Experiment
Authors: Liu Fei , Hu Haiyao , Wang Jing , Chen Yingyao , Hui Sun , Hu Ming 
Published: March 2021

Background: Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common histologic type of lung cancer, accounting for 70–85% of all lung cancers. It has brought a heavy burden of disease and financial cost to families, society, and the nation of China. Patients have differing preferences for treatment because of their varying physical conditions and socioeconomic backgrounds, which ultimately affects the choice of treatment as well as treatment outcomes. For better and sustained health outcomes, it is vital to understand patients' preferences. We can then provide medical services to match these preferences and needs rather than basing treatment on our clinical viewpoints alone.Objectives: The aim of this study was to elicit patient preferences for treatment using a discrete-choice experiment and to explore the value/importance that patients place on the different attributes of treatment in order to provide a basis for clinical decision making and patient health management.Methods: The study was conducted with NSCLC patients from three typical hospitals in southwestern China. After identifying patient-relevant treatment attributes via literature review and qualitative semi structured interviews, a discrete-choice experiment (DCE) including seven patient-relevant attributes was conducted using a fractional factorial SAS design. The empiric data analyses of patients were performed using mixed logit models.Results: NSCLC patients (N = 202) completed a survey via a face-to-face interview. Among the seven attributes, the following were considered important: progression-free survival, disease control rate, cost, weakness/fatigue, and nausea/vomiting; mode of administration and rash were considered less important. A clear preference for an increase in progression-free survival and disease control rate was demonstrated. Compared with 5 months of progression-free survival, respondents were willing to pay more (19,860 RMB) for 11 months of progression-free survival (coef.: 0.687). Compared with a 60% rate of disease control, respondents were willing to pay more (19,940 RMB) for a 90% rate of disease control (coef.: 0.690).Conclusions: This study demonstrates the value of DCEs in determining patient preferences for the treatment of NSCLC. The results indicate that not only efficacy factors (such as progression-free survival and disease control rate) were considered but also other factors (such as side effects and treatment costs) and trade-offs between attributes were held to be important. These results are in accord with expectations and can provide evidence for more effective and efficient treatment results. Furthermore, the current results can increase benefits if the presented therapies can be designed, assessed, and chosen based on patient-oriented findings.
HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN SUAMI DENGAN PEMILIHAN METODE KONTRASEPSI PADA PASANGAN USIA SUBUR DI PUSKESMAS SUNYARAGI KOTA CIREBON TAHUN 2020
Authors: Sudirman Rany Muliany , Herdiana Rina 
Published: March 2021

Alat kontrasepsi (KB) memiliki berbagai macam jenis metode dengan kekurangan dan kelebihan dalam penggunaannya. Dukungan suami sangat diperlukan karena dapat memberikan motivasi dan kenyamanan dalam memilih alat kontrasepsi. Dari 10 orang ibu akseptor KB di Kelurahan Sunyaragi RT/RW 02/03 Kecamatan Kesambi Kota Cirebon, diketahui bahwa 8 dari 10 ibu menggunakan KB atas sepengetahuan suaminya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan dukungan suami terhadap pemilihan metode kontrasepsi pada pasangan usia subur di Puskesmas Sunyaragi Kecamatan Kesambi Kota Cirebon Tahun 2020.
Jenis penelitian analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 1.033 pasangan usia subur yang menjadi akseptor di Puskesmas Sunyaragi Kecamatan Kesambi Kota Cirebon Tahun 2020. Teknik sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah Purposive Sampling, dengan rumus slovin didapat jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 43 orang. Dalam pengumpulan data peneliti menggunakan kuesioner serta handphone sebagai alat bantu berkomunikasi dengan para responden. Uji analisis yang dipakai uji chi Square.
Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa lebih dari separuh responden mendapat dukungan yang positif dari suami (51,2%). Hampir sebagian responden memilih kontrasepsi pil KB (39,5%). Hasil analisis bivariat dengan chi-square diperoleh p value=0,004.
Simpulan penelitian, terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara dukungan suami dengan pemilihan metode kontrasepsi pada pasangan usia subur di Puskesmas Sunyaragi Kota Cirebon Tahun 2020. Saran agar suami memberikan support kepada istri dalam pemilihan metode kontrasepsi yang tepat.
Analisa Tingkat Resiko Ergonomi Terhadap Keluhan MSDs Pada Pekerja Dengan Menggunakan Metode REBA Di PT. Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur Tbk Pekanbaru
Authors: Nur Muhammad , Sadewa Pandu 
Published: March 2021

PT. Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang industri makanan yaitu memproduksi mi instan. Dilakukannya penelitian di PT. Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur dibagian gudang barang jadi, dimana aktivitas pekerja yang masih dilakukan secara manual dengan postur kerja membungkuk yang menyebabkan keluhan dari anggota tubuh yang ketika bekerja mengurangi kenyamanan pekerja. Penelitian ini menggunakan populasi berjumlah 9 orang pekerja di gudang barang jadi. Pengambilan data mengenai postur kerja akan dinilai dengan menggunakan metode Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan metode REBA menunjukkan 2 postur kerja dengan level resiko “Sedang” dan 1 Postur kerja dengan level resiko “Tinggi”. Seluruh postur kerja di aktivitas pekerja menunjukkan bahwa belum adanya penerapan penilaian postur kerja menggunakan metode REBA, sebaiknya dari pihak perusahaan melakukan tindakan perbaikan postur kerja karyawan dengan menerapkan metode REBA sebagai upaya meningkatkan produktivitas karyawan dalam bekerja.
Kerjasama Guru dan Orang Tua dalam Membentuk Karakter Disiplin Siswa SMAN 1 Lembah Gumanti
Authors: Camelisa Elfina , Firman Firman , Rusdinal Rusdinal 
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana seharusnya sekolah membentuk karakteristik peduli sosial pada siswa SMAN 1 Lembah Gumanti. Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh kurangnya pemahaman tentang pentingnya mata pelajaran dalam diri siswa dan orang tua, sehingga diperlukan hubungan kerjasama antara orang tua dan guru untuk membentuk mata pelajaran siswa. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dengan teknik pengumpulan data dalam bentuk deskriptif dan kualitatif seperti observasi, wawancara, dan studi pustaka. Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan serta menunjukkan fakta bahwasanya guru telah bekerja keras untuk bekerjasama dengan orang tua, antara lain: membina hubungan yang baik antara orang tua dan guru, memberikan arahan dan pembelajaran mengenai pendidikan karakter, mengikutsertakan orang tua murid dalam program pendidikan karakter ini, kemudian juga melahirkan kesepakatan bersama antara guru dengan orang tua mengenai batasan penggunaan gawai serta media sosial bagi anak murid. Mengkordinasikan adanya kunjungan guru ke rumah para murid untuk semakin memantau kebijakan yang sudah dibuat. Dengan peran aktif kedua belah pihak antara guru dan orang tua diharapkan mampu mewujudkan program pembentukan karakter para siswa.
Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan serta menunjukkan fakta bahwasanya guru telah bekerja keras untuk bekerjasama dengan orang tua, antara lain: membina hubungan yang baik antara orang tua dan guru, memberikan arahan dan pembelajaran mengenai pendidikan karakter, mengikutsertakan orang tua murid dalam program pendidikan karakter ini, kemudian juga melahirkan kesepakatan bersama antara guru dengan orangtua mengenai batasan penggunaan gawai serta media sosial bagi anak murid. Mengkordinasikan adanya kunjungan guru ke rumah para murid untuk semakin memantau kebijakan yang sudah dibuat. Dengan peran aktif kedua belah pihak antara guru dan orangtua diharapkan mampu mewujudkan program pembentukan karakter para siswa.
Space (visual Ketabi-) modern poem
Authors: Matrud Dr. kareem shaghaydul 
Published: March 2021

This paper deals with a vital aspect of literature, called visual / written space, which we mean: the exterior visual side of the poem, the way distributing lines, the distribution of writing blocks, punctuations, etc. It was somewhat a neglected aspect by both poets and critics alike, but modern techniques have provided an opportunity to the aesthetic and semantic recruitment through various printing arts. Punctuations no longer are just signs to show poses or acoustic contexts, but have became indications of interpretive semantics in the structure of the text. The same thing has turned with the distribution of the writing between whiteness and blackness. The Point became an indication of different connotations, as if they are time courses or subtle arguments or undeclared complement. More than that, some poets have gone far enough in making the written forms as expressive methods in order to create a visual poem, to be seen by the eye, moving away of their audio / temporal job, towards a visual/ place text. The last idea is another matter, as our research focuses on the visual space in its audio center, which is implicit visual power in the text with out optical advertence. So, we chose the neutral model deliberately to prove the theory of our approach that emphasizes importance of visual form and connotations and inspirations.
Reading in Modern Language Research Curriculum Books
Authors: Shamsulddin Assist. Prof. Dr. Israa Amer 
Published: March 2021

After my search in modern language research curriculum books , I noticed some authors ideas concluded by : Arab target of language research , interesting of voice study , effected by philosophy ideas , appointed the defaults because of they not recommended the language , loss their virtually works and their direct method mistakes . I produced my opinions and supported it by proofs if it is possible .
Al-Jawahiri as an imitator (1920-1932)
Authors: Abdullah Khalaf Assist. Prof. Dr. Jalal 
Published: March 2021

This paper deals with Al-jawahiri's poetry in 1920 . At this period , his poetry was characterized by being imitative in form and content. Al-jawahiri remained prisoned at this close environment at Al-Najaf even after his move to Baghdad in 1927. He continue to imitate and follow the old inheritance till 1932. For critics, this period is central for two reason : first, Al-jawahiri was not honest in his 1920 poems because these poems didn't stem from an experience based on honest feelings. Second the poetry of this period was characterized by weakness of structure and meaning due to his dependence on old dictionaries and read, made poetic expression. This made his poetry lack literary, creativity and poetic prominence. This paper deals with these two points mentioned above to support the hypothesis put forward. The paper also includes an introduction and the main conclusions arrived at in addition
Semantic Relations in Ibn Duraid Al- Azdi’s Poetry (died 321 A.H.) Analysis Study in the Light of Linguistic Text
Authors: Khudhair Abbas Assist. Prof. Dr.Zahra 
Published: March 2021

Linguistic texts are regarded as a focus attention of linguistic and rhetorical lessons since the mid of 1960s and linguistic texts dignified the text together with its major structure. Thus , the current research paper is an applied attempt of one of textual standards (coherence) by one of its means (semantic relations) on poetic texts of the Abbasid poet (Ibn Duraid Al-Azdi) (Died 321 A.H.) to discover the text liability in the field of cohesion and communication and that poet applied to read the text and extrapolated what connecting its concepts out of its relations .The current research paper consists of two sections .Section one is entitled “Relations of Subordination” .Section two is entitled “Relations of Coordination”. The two sections discussed the poets vision and ideas of the linguistic text in the perspective of its semantic relations. The paper has been supplied by many references and bibliographies