bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The histochemical and biochemical effects of coconutmilk in Wistar rats with ethanol-induced gastric ulcer
Authors: Tolulope Omojola A. , David Ofusori A. , Sylvester Edward S. , Ugochukwu Umeaku 
Published: April 2021

This study aimed at investigating the histochemical and biochemical effects of coconut milk in Wistar rats’ model of ethanol-induced gastric ulcer with a view to evaluating the antiulcerogenic potential of coconut milk in the management of gastric ulcer. Thirty male Wistar rats weighing between 150-180g were recruited for the study and divided into six groups of 5 rats each. All the groups were fasted for 24-hours after which group-1 received single oral administration of normal saline at 5ml/kg, while groups 2-6 received equivalent amount of ethanol. Twenty-four hours later, Groups-3, 4, 5 received oral graded doses of coconut milk at 30, 50, 70 mg/kg respectively while group 6 received omeprazole administration at 10 mg/kg every 12-hours for a period of 21 days. The ulcer index as well as Prostalglandin-E2 and Nitric Oxide concentrations was significantly (p < 0.05) lowered following treatment with omeprazole and coconut milk, when compared with the ethanol group. Coconut milk administration also attenuated the ethanol-induced histochemical distortions of the gastric pylorus. This study concluded that coconut milk administration ameliorated ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and serves as a potential choice in the treatment of the condition.Keywords: Gastric ulcer, Ethanol, Coconut Milk, Omeprazole, Histochemical, Biochemical
Activation of pro-apoptotic cells, reactive astrogliosis and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in trimethyltin-induced hippocampal injury in rats
Authors: Okesina A.A. , Ajao M.S. , Buhari M.O. , Afodun A.M. , Okesina K.B. , Usman R.Y. , Sulaimon F.A. , Kolawole B.P. 
Published: April 2021

Neurodegenerative diseases cause neural cells to lose both the functional and sensory abilities as a result of genetic factors, proteopathies and mitochondrial dysfunction. Neurodegeneration forms the basis of most neurodegenerative disorders for example Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s diseases, and Parkinson’s diseases. The mechanism that underlines the process of neurodegeneration is not well understood. Understanding the process and mechanism involved in neurodegeneration might offer a better therapeutic approach to positively manage cases of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, this study’s target was to create an animal model to study neurodegeneration. Sixteen adult male Wistar rats were used in the study and divided into two groups. Control (0.2 mL of normal saline (NS)), and trimethyltin-treated (TMT, 8 mg/kg stat dose only). These animals underwent perfusion with 4% paraformaldehyde, brain excision and analysis of p53 antigen, GFAP and Bielshowsky on these tissues. The results showed that animals in the control group showed presence of activated p53 antigen, reactive astrogliosis, neurofibrillary tangles, and amyloid plaques within the cytoplasm of the hippocampal cells. Cornus Ammonis (CA2) and (CA3) showed more of the trimethylrtin injury than CA1 and CA4. This study thus revealed that, intra-peritoneal administration of single dose of 8mg/kg of trimethyltin can offer an attractive disease model to study some neurodegenerative diseases.
Keywords: p53 antigen, Bielshowsky, Glia fibrillary acidic protein, Trimethyltin, Hippocampus,
Cadaveric embalming using a modified Thiel method as an alternative to the formalin method
Authors: Hachabizwa Caswell , Banda Mickey , Hainza Joseph , Mutemwa Sikhanyiso , Erzingastian Krikor , Kafumukache Elliot 
Published: April 2021

Formalin embalming method is cheaper and commonly used. Thiel method is said to be complex, expensive, not commonly used but offers better cadavers for student teaching. The study aimed at exploring the effects of two embalming methods; modified Thiel and formalin methods on cadavers in terms of muscle softness, joint flexibility, tissue colour, formalin smell and the ease with which structures can be identified. This was an experimental study design done over the period of three months where four adult male cadavers were embalmed (two under each method) and the outcome was compared. Using gravity about Ten Litres of arterial and five Litres venous Thiel fluids was slowly infused into each Thiel cadaver through the carotid artery and femoral vein respectively and cadavers remained overnight. Thiel cadavers were submerged in the tank containing about 300L of Thiel fluid, covered with a blanket and left for eight weeks. Each formalin cadaver was infused with about 15Litres of 10% formalin using the carotid artery and then wrapped in transparent plastics. Thereafter, cadavers were codified and placed in different rooms where participants examined and dissected some regions starting with Thiel cadavers and crossing over to the formalin cadavers after twenty-four hours. Thiel cadavers were softer than formalin (mean = 4.89 ± 0.53 Thiel and 2.1 ± 1.26 for formalin). For joint flexibility, at least 75% of participants strongly agreed for Thiel and at least 75% of the participants strongly disagreed for formalin (mean = 4.81 ± 0.86 Thiel and 1.71 ± 1.13 formalin). Tissue colour was closer to natural in Thiel compared to the formalin cadavers (mean = 4.82 ± 0.55 Thiel and 1.77 ± 1.07 formalin). There were no complaints due to irritant formalin smell in Thiel cadavers as opposed to the formalin ones (mean = 1.15 ± 0.55 Thiel and 4.56 ± 1.15 formalin). At least 75% agreed that it was easy to identify structures in the Thiel cadavers than formalin (mean = 4.67 ± 0.61 and 2.61 ± 1.14 formalin). Thiel embalming method offers good quality cadavers that are soft, flexible; tissue colour closer to natural state and without is strong formalin smell and structures can easily be identified.
Key words: Cadaveric embalming, modified Thiel, formalin methods
Directional asymmetry in handedness and hand efficiency
Authors: Idenya P.M. , Gichangi P. , Ogeng’o J. 
Published: April 2021

Several studies analyse anthropometric dimensions of the hands, but few look at how they influence hand performance or hand efficiency. In this analytic cross-sectional study conducted amongst 162 preclinical medical students, directional asymmetry was evaluated in relation to hand preference and hand efficiency in order to determine whether it can be used as an indicator for outcomes of hand dominance. Directional asymmetry (DA) was established by calculating differences in the mean hand measurements and the mean hand volumes. Hand preference was assessed using the modified Edinburgh Handedness Inventory, and handedness categories determined by applying the Geschwind Score. Hand dominance was categorized from the laterality score obtained from differences between left and right hands. Differences in hand dimensions were evaluated in relation to hand preference and hand efficiency. An apparent similarity in the morphology of the hands was suggested by the highly positive statistically significant result in the paired samples correlation test across all the parameters (p < 0.001). A positive association (not statistically significant) was noted between the handedness categories and the demonstrated directional asymmetry. No gender disparity was found in the relationship between DA and Hand efficiency by grip strength testing. The EHI-GS hand preference category positively indicated the preferred hand but did not on its own designate hand dominance or hand proficiency. Notwithstanding the gender, EHI-GS handedness neither predicted DA nor hand efficiency. Similarly, neither EHI-GS hand preference nor hand efficiency by grip strength testing could predict DA in males and females alike.
Key words: Hand performance, Hand proficiency, Hand dominance, Grip strength testing, Laterality
¿El Bienestar espiritual es independiente del género?
Authors: Goicochea-Olivares Kenedy , Reyes -Muñoz Lucero 
Published: April 2021

El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo analizar las diferencias del bienestar espiritual según el género en pacientes del Centro de Salud de Alto Moche. La espiritualidad y la religión se han trasformado en un aspecto importante en la atención de los pacientes, influyen positiva o negativamente en la evolución clínica y en la calidad de vida de los enfermos. Lo que ha conllevado, a que, en muchos países, los cuidados espirituales sean un derecho garantizado por ley. Fueron evaluados con la escala de bienestar espiritual 201 personas de ambos sexos, entre 18 a 50 años de edad. El análisis de los datos se utilizó análisis de varianza, valor p < 0,05. Para comparar si el bienestar espiritual es diferente estadísticamente entre hombres y mujeres. Los resultados demuestran que estadísticamente todos tienen el mismo nivel de bienestar espiritual (p > 0,05). La no existencia de diferencia significativa de la variable bienestar religioso según género, p > 0,60. Lo referente a bienestar existencial según el género, las medias evidenciaron la no existencia de diferencia significativa p> 0,53. Se concluye que la espiritualidad puede considerarse un medio psicosocial individual, que favorece la promoción de la salud, independientemente de su género y su religión.
Comparative study of 21st Century Skills of Science Teachers and Students of Formal and Non-Formal Educational Institutes
Authors: Choudhary Farkhunda Rasheed , Ahmed Sadaf Zamir , Sultan Sohaib , Khushnood Sidra 
Published: April 2021

It is very essential for teachers to practice 21st century teaching and learning skills while teaching in order to foster these skills in 21st century learners. The focus of this study was to explore the skills of science teachers regarding 21st century skills. For this purpose, an online survey was conducted to assess the 21st century skills of science teachers. The survey questionnaire was comprised of different subscales regarding 21st century skills namely as critical thinking, collaboration, communication and creativity. The questionnaire consisted of 5-point Likert scale. The overall results of the study reflected that science students possess more 21st century skills than their teachers. It was recommended for science teachers of formal educational setup to practice 21st century teaching and learning skills more often as possible to inculcate 21st century skills among the students. It is also recommended that teachers of formal educational setup must enhance critical thinking and increase collaboration with students. This study is significant in the way that it reveals the current scenario of the skills of the teachers that will readily be imparted to the 21st century learners.
On $\left( p,q\right) $-analog of Stancu operators of rough $\lambda$- statistically $\rho$-Cauchy convergence of triple sequence spaces
Authors: INDUMATHI Arulmani , ESİ Ayhan , SUBRAMANİAN Nagarajan , ÖZDEMİR Mustafa Kemal 
Published: April 2021

In this work, using the concept of natural density, we introduce the $\left(
p,q\right) $-analogue of the Stancu-beta operators of rough $\lambda$%
-statistically $\rho$-Cauchy convergence on triple sequence spaces. We define
the set of Bernstein Stancu beta opeators of rough statistical limit points of
a triple sequence spaces and obtain to $\lambda-$statistical convergence
criteria associated with this set. Also, we examine the relations between the
set of Bernstein-Stancu beta operators of rough $\lambda$-statistically
$\rho$-Cauchy convergence of triple sequences.
Telemedicine and COVID-19: Experience of Medical Doctors in Cameroon
Authors: Armand Kouotou , Gaël Ananfack , Marcien Ngowa , Wilson Ndjitoyap , Reine Mendouga , Claude Ndjitoyap 
Published: April 2021

Introduction : Since the beginning of Coronavirus disease2019 (COVID-19), hospitals and health centres have become sites of potential contamination and spread of the virus, and have had to reorganize their working environments to limit infections of patients and health care providers while continuing to render health services for those affected by other ailments. The purpose of the study was to conduct a descriptive study to assess the practice of telemedicine among Cameroonian medical doctors through an electronic survey.
Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from May to June 2020 using an online data collection form designed on Google Forms. The questions dealt with socio-demographic data, the cancellation rate of appointments, the practice of teleconsultation, the frequency of telephone use, the means of teleconsultation used and the quality of the doctor-patient relationship. Participants comprised all physicians practicing in Cameroon using information and communication technologies
Results: A total of 253 participants were included, 56.5% of which were women. Physicians from the ten regions of the country were represented. Twenty percent (20.2%) of physicians practiced teleconsultation, of which 3.2% continued teleconsultations while in quarantine. Seventy-five percent (75.4%) of physicians used multiple communication modalities at the same time; the most used modality in combination with others was the WhatsApp android application. Forty-six percent (41.6%) of participants judged that the doctor-patient relationship was poor during teleconsultations.
Conclusion and recommendation: The practice of telemedicine is not widespread and is poorly framed in this setting. Regulatory authorities should put in place regulations and provide training to frame and ease access to the use of telemedicine
THE INFLUENCE OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICE QUALITY ON COMMUNITY SATISFACTION AT THE REGIONAL GENERAL HOSPITAL BUMI PANUA OF POHUWATO REGENCY
Authors: Syahrawanty Abbas  , Laksmin Kadir  , Titin Dunggio  
Published: April 2021

The influence of infrastructure and service quality on community satisfaction at the Regional General Hospital BumiPanua of Pohuwato Regency. This research aims to find out and analyze the influence of infrastructure and service quality on community satisfaction at BLUD of Regional General Hospital BumiPanua of Pohuwato Regency.
This research uses a descriptive quantitative method. The sample in this research is the community and patients who have enjoyed services at BLUD of BumiPanua Hospital, Pohuwato Regency. Data analysis using multiple regression.
The results of the research showed that the infrastructure has a positive and significant influence on community satisfaction. Service quality has a significant influence on community satisfaction. Infrastructure and service quality simultaneously have a positive and significant influence on community satisfaction.
FACTORS AFFECTING DEBTOR COMPLIANCE IN CREDIT SETTLEMENT IN PT. MANDALA MULTIFINANCE Tbk, THE TILAMUTA BRANCH
Authors: Riska Koingo  , Titin Dunggio  , Sukrianto  
Published: April 2021

The research objectives are: to determine the factors that affect debtor compliance in credit settlement at PT. Mandala Mtufinancial, Tbk Cab. Tilamuta.
This type of research used in this research is a type of qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Researcher's descriptive approach wants to describe or describe the facts or circumstances or symptoms that appear in PT. Mandala Multifinance, Tbk Cab.Tilamuta.
The results of this study are that natural factors that hinder debt repayment are crop failure for farmers and business instability by Civil Servants (PNS) because at this time they are still in the process of monitoring the Covid-19 pandemic. The consumer character that appears because the attitude and service of the company are not in accordance with the initial promise that the creditor has conveyed to the debtor. At maturity, the creditor provides a grace period of 3 days even up to 1 week when due, although the creditor has been given a grace period, unlike providing relief because the intervals of one day at maturity have been contacted directly by the company. The settlement taken by the company or the debtor in the process of handling credit is in the form ofRescheduling, Reconditioning and Restructuring.
TEST THE CONTENT OF GLOBULIN, BIURET AND HEMOGLOBIN IN BLOOD IN ADOLESCENT WOMEN
Authors: Rita Amini Warastuti  , Vira Yuniar J. Paute  , Sri Masyita D. Jailani  
Published: April 2021

Blood is a liquid found in humans and all high-level animals that serves to transmit substances and oxygen needed by the body's tissues, transport chemicals from metabolism, and also as a defense of the body against viruses or bacteria. This study aims to find out the content of globulin and biuret in the blood of adolescent women and identify hemoglobin levels contained in this.
Method used in this study is qualitative research that is descriptive, with sampling techniques that use purposive sampling method.
The results showed that in this globulin test aims to see the presence of globulin or protein deposits in serum and the results obtained are deposits in serum samples. Then the biuret test aims to see the discoloration, and the result Occurs discoloration of the serum (white) and for this hemoglobin test aims to see if the sample blood is normal or not and the result is normal sample blood.
Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles from Coprinus comatus, Agaricaceae, and the Effect of Ultraviolet Irradiation on Their Characteristics
Authors: NAEEM Ghassan Adnan , JALOOT Ahmed Saadoun , OWAID Mustafa Nadhim , MUSLIM Rasim Farraj 
Published: April 2021

The present research aims to produce gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from the aqueous extract of locally isolated mushroom Coprinus comatus from Hit city, Iraq. Its properties were studied using the optical vision, UV-Vis, EDX, XRD, FTIR, AFM, and Zetasizer analyses. The exposure of the colloidal solution of AuNPs to UV radiation was investigated for 1, 2, and 3 h. The results showed the color change of the interaction mixture from light yellow to purple after 25 min. The lambda max of the absorbance reached 530 nm using UV-Visible spectrum as evident in the formation of AuNPs. FTIR spectra revealed the presence of functional groups related to peptides, proteins, flavonoids, monosaccharides, and phenolic compounds, which reduced gold ions. The EDX technique showed that the formed nanoparticles were AuNPs. XRD results showed that AuNPs have a face-centered cubic (fcc) crystal. The UV irradiation at different times led to an increase in the intensity of absorbance and sizes of AuNPs from 17.39 nm before the irradiation and switched to 58.16, 59.13, and 47.35 nm after 1, 2, and 3 h, respectively, but their sizes remained within the nanoscale range (less than 100 nm). In conclusion, the best result was observed after about an hour on the effects of UV irradiation on sizes of AuNPs, which reached smaller nanoparticles compared with times 2 and 3 h.
Sex Education Practices for People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Schmidt Elizabeth K. , Hand Brittany N. , Havercamp Susan , Sommerich Carolyn , Weaver Lindy , Darragh Amy 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Importance: People with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) express a clear interest in intimate relationships but face many barriers to receiving sex education (SE) that would support their engagement in these relationships.
Objective: To understand barriers to, the context of, and recommendations for SE for people with IDD.
Design: Qualitative study design with interviews and focus groups with four key stakeholder groups. Data were analyzed using a constant comparative approach.
Participants: Participants were 8 youths with IDD, 9 parents, 12 health care providers, and 8 educators.
Results: Four barriers to SE were identified: (1) values and cultural issues, (2) parental attitudes toward their child’s sexuality, (3) a lack of organizational policies and standards, and (4) limited professional education or societal biases. These barriers contribute to a SE context primarily initiated by people with IDD or provided reactively. The participants recommended proactive, formal SE provided by multiple stakeholders throughout adulthood.
Conclusions and Relevance: Stakeholders should advocate for policies, standards, and additional training for parents, educators, and health care providers to support SE for people with IDD throughout adulthood.
What This Article Adds: Barriers to SE contribute to the current context in which SE is shared with people with IDD. Stakeholders can advocate for policies, standards, and training to overcome these barriers and support recommendations for proactive, formal SE provided by multiple stakeholders through adulthood.
Behind the Wheel: Specialized Driving Instructors’ Experiences and Strategies for Teaching Autistic Adolescents to Drive
Authors: Myers Rachel K. , Carey Meghan E. , Bonsu Janice M. , Yerys Benjamin E. , Mollen Cynthia J. , Curry Allison E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Importance: In the transition to adulthood, driving supports independence. For autistic adolescents, training provided by specialized driving instructors, including occupational therapists, may establish fitness to drive and continued independence.
Objective: To examine specialized driving instructors’ experiences providing behind-the-wheel instruction to autistic adolescents.
Design: We recruited participants through purposive and snowball sampling of members of ADED, the Association for Driver Rehabilitation Specialists. Interviews investigated experiences providing instruction, autistic students’ strengths and challenges, strategies used, and recommendations to improve the learning-to-drive process. We coded transcripts using a directed content analysis approach.
Setting: Telephone interviews.
Participants: Specialized driving instructors (N = 17) trained as occupational therapists, driver rehabilitation specialists, or licensed driving instructors with recent experience providing behind-the-wheel training for autistic adolescents participated.
Results: Behind-the-wheel challenges included mental inflexibility, distractibility, and difficulties with social cues and motor coordination. Instructors acknowledged students’ strengths, including adherence to rules of the road, limited risk taking, and careful observations. Instructors scaffolded learning to help students develop skills. Although licensure and driving outcomes were sometimes unknown to instructors, students who became licensed frequently drove with supervision or restrictions.
Conclusions and Relevance: Licensure is possible for autistic adolescents, although developing fitness to drive requires individualization and rigorous specialized instruction, which may culminate in delayed or restricted driving.
What This Article Adds: This article highlights challenges and strengths encountered by specialized driving instructors teaching autistic adolescents. Despite requiring prolonged training, autistic adolescents can achieve licensure when supported by specialized instruction that is individualized to their needs and strengths.