bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Encapsulated Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Microbeads Promote Endogenous Regeneration of Osteoarthritic Cartilage Ex Vivo
Authors: Sahu Neety , Agarwal Pranay , Grandi Fiorella , Bruschi Michela , Goodman Stuart , Amanatullah Derek , Bhutani Nidhi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe anti‐inflammatory secretome of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is lucrative for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA), a disease characterized by low‐grade inflammation. However, the precise effects of the MSC secretome on patient‐derived OA tissue is lacking. To investigate these effects, alginate encapsulated MSCs are co‐cultured with patient‐derived OA cartilage explants for 8 days. Proteoglycan distribution in OA cartilage explants examined by Safranin O staining is markedly improved when cultured with MSC microbeads as compared to control OA explants cultured alone. Total sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content in OA explants is significantly increased upon co‐culture with MSC microbeads on day 8. The sGAG released into the culture media is unchanged by the presence of MSC microbeads, suggesting de novo sGAG synthesis in OA explants. Co‐culture with MSC microbeads increased the DNA content and Ki67+ cells in OA explants, indicating proliferation. An increase in secreted cytokines IL‐10, HGF, and sFAS assessed by multiplex cytokine assay, increased TIMP1 levels, and reduction in percent apoptotic cells in OA explants is noted. Together, data demonstrates that paracrine factors secreted by alginate encapsulated MSCs microbeads in response to OA cartilage, create an anabolic, proliferative, and anti‐apoptotic microenvironment inducing endogenous regeneration in clinically relevant, patient‐derived OA cartilage.
Liquid Metals: A Novel Possibility of Fabricating 2D Metal Oxides
Authors: Zhao Shasha , Zhang Jiaqian , Fu Lei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract2D metal oxides (2DMOs) have been widely applied in the fields of electronic, magnetic, optical, and catalytic materials, owing to their rich surface chemistry and unique electronic structures. However, their further development faces challenges such as the difficulty in fabricating 2DMOs with unstable surface induced by strong surface polarizability, or the high cost and limited yield of the fabrication process. Recently, liquid metals have shown great potential in the fabrication of 2DMOs. The native oxide skin formed on the surface of liquid metals can be considered as a perfect 2D planar material. Due to the solubility, fluidity, and reactivity of liquid metals, they can act as the solvent, reactant, and interface in the fabrication of 2DMOs. Moreover, liquid metals undergo a liquid–solid phase transition, enabling them to be a symmetric matched substrate for growing high‐quality 2DMOs. An insightful survey of the recent progress in this research direction is presented. The features of liquid metals including good solubility, chemical reactivity, weak interface force, and liquid–solid phase transitions are introduced in detail. Furthermore, strategies for the fabrication of 2DMOs by virtue of these features are summarized comprehensively. Finally, current challenges and prospects regarding the future development in the fabrication of 2DMOs via liquid metals are highlighted.
Amphiphilic Polymer Thin Films with Enhanced Resistance to Biofilm Formation at the Solid–Liquid–Air Interface
Authors: Donadt Trevor B. , Yang Rong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBiofouling at the solid–liquid–air interface poses a serious threat to public health and environmental sustainability. Despite the variety of antifouling materials developed, few have proven to resist fouling at the three‐phase contact line. In fact, antifouling at the liquid–solid interface and the air–solid interface call for opposite surface properties—hydrophilic for the former and hydrophobic for the latter. By devising a new design strategy, one that maximizes the mismatch of surface energies of comonomers for dynamic chain reorientation at the three‐phase contact line, an antifouling amphiphilic copolymer is obtained. The novel amphiphilic copolymer reduces the formation of biofilms by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and outperforms a zwitterionic polymer, the current leading antifouling chemistry. The copolymer is synthesized using initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD), which leads to molecular‐level heterogeneities composed of zwitterionic and fluorinated moieties by avoiding undesirable surface tension effects. Atomic force microscopy, x‐ray diffractometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirm the copolymer's amphiphilicity and lack of microphase separation. Scanning electron microscopy provides visual confirmation of the diminished biofilm growth. The versatile iCVD technique is amenable to a range of substrates and enables the application of this new material to food processing, healthcare, and underwater performance.
Ultra‐Compact High‐Speed Polarization Division Multiplexing Optical Receiving Chip Enabled by Graphene‐on‐Plasmonic Slot Waveguide Photodetectors
Authors: Wang Yilun , Zhang Yong , Jiang Zhibin , Deng Wentao , Zhou De , Huang Xinyu , Yan Qizhi , Zhang Jihua , Chen Liao , Yu Yu , Li Xiang , Ye Lei , Zhang Xinliang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPolarization multiplexing technology is widely adopted for increasing the capacity in optical communication systems. Especially, silicon‐based integrated polarization division multiplexing (PDM) optical receivers with large bandwidth therein play an important role, which are crucial for on‐chip large‐capacity optical interconnection. Here, a silicon‐based PDM optical receiving chip is enabled by two‐dimensional grating couplers and graphene‐on‐plasmonic slot waveguide photodetectors. Utilizing the advantages of the designed focusing two‐dimensional grating couplers and plasmonic‐slot‐waveguide‐enhanced graphene–light interaction, the optical receiving chip is achieved with an ultra‐small footprint, a bandwidth exceeding 70 GHz and a reception of PDM signals in a line rate of 128 Gbit s−1 non‐return‐to‐zero and 224 Gbit s−1 four‐level pulse‐amplitude‐modulation at 1550 nm, accompanied by the bit error rates lower than the KP4 forward error correction threshold and 15% soft‐decision forward error correction threshold, respectively. Comparing with receiving the single‐polarization state, simultaneous receiving dual‐polarization state introduces about 1 dB additional power penalty because of inter‐polarization crosstalk. The graphene‐plasmonic PDM optical receiving chip can greatly improve the line rate of the system, showing its unique advantages of small footprint, high speed, large bandwidth, low crosstalk and complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor compatibility, which can be potentially used in the next generation silicon‐based high‐speed optical communication.
Raman Ink for Steganography
Authors: Gu Yuqing , He Chang , Liu Fugang , Ye Jian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSteganography, also known as “invisible” communication, refers to the technique of hiding information into another medium such as video, audio, image, and text. Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanotags are well suited to information encoding owing to their nanoscale dimensions, fingerprint optical spectral features, and remarkable multiplexing capability. Herein, Raman ink, fabricated by doping a new type of SERS nanotags (gap‐enhanced Raman tags, GERTs) into commercial ink, is demonstrated as security ink for multiplexing steganography. A stego‐text is written using two types of Raman ink containing different GERTs with diverse Raman signals, imaged via a confocal Raman system, and processed by the classical least squares method to extract the hidden message. The Raman ink generates distinct spectral profiles with low background from pure ink upon near‐infrared laser irradiation. A multiplexing combination of seven kinds of messages extracted from the written stego‐text is demonstrated, which adds enhanced safety and flexibility to information encoding. In addition, Raman ink exhibits good photostability and long‐term stability. Therefore, GERTs‐based Raman ink is promising for steganographic use in information security.
Electrochemical Activity of Nitrogen‐Containing Groups in Organic Electrode Materials and Related Improvement Strategies
Authors: Yu Qianchuan , Xue Zhihuan , Li Meichen , Qiu Peimeng , Li Changgang , Wang Shengping , Yu Jingxian , Nara Hiroki , Na Jongbeom , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn recent years, due to their structural diversity, adjustability, versatility, and excellent electrochemical properties, organic compounds with nitrogen‐containing groups (OCNs) have become some of the most promising organic electrode materials. The nitrogen‐containing groups acting as electrochemical active sites include carbon–nitrogen groups, nitrogen–nitrogen groups, nitrogen–oxygen groups in OCNs, and nitrogen‐containing groups in covalent organic frameworks. The molecular structure regulation of OCNs with nitrogen‐containing groups acting as electrochemical active centers can suppress dissolution in electrolytes, increase electronic conductivity, and improve the kinetics of redox reactions. The kinetics behavior and electrochemical characteristics of OCN electrode materials in alkali metal rechargeable batteries with organic electrolytes are reviewed, and the related relationships between the structure and electrochemical properties of OCNs are the core of this review. Herein, the electrochemical reaction mechanisms and the strategies to improve the electrochemical activity of nitrogen‐containing groups in OCNs are clarified, and the conjugate molecular structure of OCNs is shown to be an important direction for improvement. These results will have implications for research on electrode materials and provide more choices for rechargeable batteries. Moreover, this work will guide the study of more efficient OCNs that can be used as electrode materials.
Non‐coalescence and chain formation of droplets under an alternating current electric field
Authors: Huang Xin , He Limin , Luo Xiaoming , Xu Ke , Lü Yuling , Yang Donghai 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe dynamic behaviors of two droplets and droplet cluster under an alternating current (AC) electric field are investigated. Two droplets generally undergo transformation from complete coalescence to partial coalescence and finally to non‐coalescence as the electric capillary number Cap increases. The critical electric capillary number Capc for complete coalescence in the AC electric field remains unchanged and is twice as large as that in the direct current (DC) electric field when the frequency f ≥ 250 Hz. Charge transfer and reversal of electric field result in the reversal of the direction of electric force, which is the fundamental mechanism of non‐coalescence of two droplets and chain formation in droplet cluster. The number of rebounds dramatically increases as f increases, promoting the stability of droplet chain. The droplet chains in the high‐frequency AC electric field are longer and more stable than those in the low‐frequency AC electric field.
Synthesis of quaternary piperazine methacrylate homopolymers and their antibiofilm and anti‐quorum sensing effects on pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Kocak Gökhan , Tamfu Alfred Ngenge , Bütün Vural , Ceylan Ozgur 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this work, poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA, G) homopolymers with different molecular weights (5600–21,000 gmol−1) were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method. Epoxy groups of PGMA homopolymers were converted to hydroxyl and 1‐methyl piperazin residues by reacting with 1‐methyl piperazine via ring‐opening reaction. The obtained poly(2‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl piperazinepropyl methacrylate) (PHMPPMA, G‐P) homopolymers (from 9450 to 35,900 gmol−1) were reacted with alkyl halides of different carbon chain lengths (methyl‐, ethyl‐, propyl‐, butyl‐, pentyl‐iodides, hexyl bromide) and benzyl chloride (arylhalide) to form quaternary PHMPPMA homopolymers (G‐QP). MIC values varied from 0.125 mg/ml to 5 mg/ml. It was found that homopolymer (1G‐6QP) produced by the modification of PHMPPMA with hexyl iodide with low molecular weight had highest quorum‐sensing inhibition zone ranging from 14.5 ± 0.5 mm (MIC) and 10.0 ± 0.5 mm (MIC/4) as well as best violacein inhibition 61.0 ± 2.2% (MIC) to 17.3 ± 0.6% (MIC/8). Homopolymer (1G‐BzQP) produced by the modification of PHMPPMA with benzyl chloride with the lowest molecular weight had best biofilm inhibition ranging from 77.83 ± 1.60% (MIC) to 18.23 ± 0.87% (MIC/8) on S. aureus, 75.70 ± 5.20% (MIC) to 14.25 ± 1.10% (MIC/8) on E. coli and from 86.16 ± 0.83% (MIC) to 12.41 ± 0.76% (MIC/8) on C. albicans. The synthesized homopolymers can be used to combat microbial resistance and severity of infections.
Global Deletion of Pannexin 3 Resulting in Accelerated Development of Aging‐Induced Osteoarthritis in Mice
Authors: Moon P. M. , Shao Z. Y. , Wambiekele G. , Appleton C. T. G. , Laird D. W. , Penuela S. , Beier F. 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveOsteoarthritis (OA) results in pathologic changes in the joint tissue. The mechanisms driving disease progression remain largely unclear, and thus disease‐modifying treatments are lacking. Pannexin 3 (Panx3) was identified as a potential mediator of cartilage degeneration in OA, and our previous study in mice indicated that deletion of the Panx3 gene delayed surgically induced cartilage degeneration. This study was undertaken to examine the role of Panx3 in other OA subtypes, particularly primary OA during aging, in a mouse model of aging‐induced OA.MethodsWild‐type (WT) and Panx3−/− C57BL/6J (Black‐6) mice, ages 18–24 months, were analyzed by micro–computed tomography to investigate bone mineral density and body composition. Joints were harvested from the mice, and histopathologic analysis of the joint tissue for OA development was conducted with a specific focus on changes in articular cartilage, subchondral bone, and synovial tissue.ResultsGlobal loss of Panx3 in aging mice was not associated with increased mortality or changes in body composition. Mice lacking Panx3 had shorter appendicular skeletons than WT mice, but overall the body compositions appeared quite similar. Panx3 deletion dramatically accelerated cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone thickening with aging in both 18‐month‐old and 24‐month‐old mice, while promoting synovitis in 18‐month‐old mice.ConclusionThese observations in a mouse model of OA suggest that Panx3 has a protective role against the development of primary aging‐associated OA. It appears that Panx3 has opposing context‐specific roles in joint health following traumatic injury versus that associated with aging. These data strongly suggest that there are differences in the molecular pathways driving different subtypes of OA, and therefore a detailed understanding of these pathways could directly improve strategies for OA diagnosis, therapy, and research.
Inference on errors in industrial parts: Kriging and variogram versus geometrical product specifications standard
Authors: Maculotti Giacomo , Pistone Giovanni , Vicario Grazia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article focuses on the inference on the errors in manufactured parts controlled by using measurements devices. The characterization of the part surface topographies is core in several applications. A broad set of properties (tribological, optical, biological, mechanical, etc.) depends on the micro‐ and macrogeometry of the parts. Moreover, parts usually show typical deterministic geometric deviation pattern, referred to as manufacturing signatures, due to the specific manufacturing processes and process setup parameters adopted for their production. In several situations, the measurements may also be affected by systematic errors due to the measurement process, that might be caused, for example, by a poor part alignment during the measurement process. Measurement techniques and characterization methods have been standardized in the International Standard ISO 25178, defining parameters characterizing the surface topography and supplying methods and formula adapt to deal with this issue computationally. In the present article, we consider a type of spatial dependence between measured values at different points that suggest the use of the variogram to identify patterns in the parts. We offer a comparison, based on a real set of measures, between the latter approach and the conventional as a test of the efficient performance of our findings.
Luminescence feature of new 3,6‐di(thiazolidin‐5‐one‐2‐yl)‐carbazole derivative: synthesis, photophysical properties, density functional theory studies, and crystal shape effect
Authors: Bawazeer Tahani M. , Althagafi Ismail , Morad Moataz , Munshi Alaa M. , Bayazeed Abrar A. , Alharbi Arwa , El‐Metwaly Nashwa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA new carbazole chromophore conjugated with substituted thiazolidine‐4‐one (CzPT) was synthesized by applying the Knoevenagel reaction between 3,6‐diformyl‐N‐hexylcarbazole and ethyl 2‐aceto‐2‐(5‐oxo‐3‐phenylthiazolidin‐2‐ylidene)acetate. The chemical structure of the new derivative (CzPT) was elucidated by spectral studies. The CzPT absorption spectra in different solvents exhibited a red shift for λmax by increasing solvent polarity. Bands at 430–474 nm appeared and were attributed to intramolecular charge transfer with high π–π* characteristics. CzPT fluorescence spectra exhibited a red shift after increasing the solvent polarity. To understand the Stokes' shift (
behaviour of the CzPT derivative referring to the polarity of solvents, Lippert–Mataga and linear solvation‐energy relationship (LSER) models were employed in which the LSER exhibited respectable results compared with Lippert–Mataga (r2 = 0.9707). Moreover, time‐dependent density functional theory absorption spectra in hexane and dimethylformamide showed that λmax had a major contribution in the highest occupied molecular orbital to lowest unoccupied molecular orbital transition in both solvents. In addition, the reduced uniformity of crystal features may lead to dislocation or anomalous arrangement of crystals with irregular spacing, which automatically enhances the optical properties of such crystals.
Association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and aggression subscales in adolescents
Authors: Yoo Hee Jeong , Han Ji Min , Kim Kitai , Song Gonjin , Yee Jeong , Chung Jee Eun , Lee Kyung Eun , Gwak Hye Sun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study is to identify the association between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) proneness and aggressive propensity in adolescents.MethodsA quantitative, large‐scale, cross‐sectional study was performed from April to May 2016 in Korea. The survey questionnaire included overall health behaviors, as well as scales for assessing ADHD proneness (revised short form of the Conners‐Wells Adolescent Self‐Report Scale; CASS[S]) and aggressive behavior (Buss‐Perry Aggression Questionnaire; BPAQ) in adolescents. Area under the receiver operator characteristic (AUROC) curves was constructed to determine the cut‐off value of total aggression score for discriminating ADHD proneness.ResultsA total of 2,432 students participated in the survey, and 1,872 of them completed the questionnaire, indicating a response rate of 77.0%. Based on CASS(S), 33 (1.8%) subjects were classified as the ADHD group. AUROC curve analysis showed that a score of 68.5 points had higher sensitivity (83.3%) and specificity (69.4%) to discriminate ADHD proneness. ADHD proneness was significantly associated with higher aggression subdomain scores (physical, verbal, anger, and hostility). Especially, anger and hostility had a stronger relationship with ADHD proneness than did physical and verbal aggression. A multivariable analysis demonstrated that ADHD proneness was significantly related to body mass index in the top 10% of the study population, alcohol consumption, gastrointestinal trouble, daytime sleepiness, and total aggression score of 68.5 points or higher. Adolescents who had total aggression scores of 68.5 points or higher showed a 9.8‐fold (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.3–28.8) higher risk of ADHD compared with those who had scores less than 68.5 points.ConclusionsOur results demonstrated that ADHD proneness was significantly associated with aggression propensity. In particular, anger and hostility were more closely associated with ADHD proneness than were other aggression subdomains.
A quantitative model for metabolic intervention using gut microbes
Authors: Mays Zachary J. S. , Nair Nikhil U. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAs medicine shifts toward precision‐based and personalized therapeutics, utilizing more complex biomolecules to treat increasingly difficult and rare conditions, microorganisms provide an avenue for realizing the production and processing necessary for novel drug pipelines. More so, probiotic microbes can be co‐opted to deliver therapeutics by oral administration as living drugs, able to survive and safely transit the digestive tract. As living therapeutics are in their nascency, traditional pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK–PD) models for evaluating drug candidates are not appropriate for this novel platform. Using a living therapeutic in late‐stage clinical development for phenylketonuria (PKU) as a case study, we adapt traditional oral drug delivery models to properly evaluate and inform the engineering of living therapeutics. We develop the adapted for living therapeutics compartmental absorption and transit (ALT‐CAT) model to provide metrics for drug efficacy across nine age groups of PKU patients and evaluate model parameters that are influenced by patient physiology, microbe selection and therapeutic production, and dosing formulations. In particular, the ALT‐CAT model describes the mathematical framework to model the behavior of orally delivered engineered bacteria that act as living therapeutics by adapting similar methods that have been developed and widely‐used for small molecular drug delivery and absorption.
A case of accessory pathway mapped with ultra‐high‐resolution mapping led to a coronary sinus diverticulum
Authors: Sakamoto Yusuke , Osanai Hiroyuki , Hiramatsu Shotaro , Matsumoto Hikari , Tagahara Kensuke , Hosono Hirotaka , Miyamoto Shun , Uno Hiroto , Kurokawa Hideki , Kondo Shun , Tokuda Kotaro , Kanbara Takahiro , Nakashima Yoshihito , Asano Hiroshi , Ajioka Masayoshi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUltra‐high‐resolution mapping is useful in the ablation of accessory pathways. However, in patients with accessory pathways in the coronary sinus (CS) diverticulum, treatment with endocardial ablation may be challenging. Patients suspected of having subepicardial accessory pathways may require the examination of the venous anomaly using CS angiography.
Atypical manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)–associated autoimmune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Law Lisa , Ho Gwendolyn , Cen Dazhi , Stenger Jeffrey 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection can have various abnormal hematologic parameters. This report illustrates a case with unusual presentation of COVID‐19–associated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, in which the patient did not develop any typical respiratory signs or symptoms.