bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ADH7 Polymorphism and Alcohol Consumption on Risk of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma in The Korean Population
Authors: Lee Dong Won , Ji Yong Bae , Song Chang Myeon , Kim Jeong Kyu , Lee Seung Hwan , Tae Kyung 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is closely associated with alcohol consumption. Also, it is related to individual genetic susceptibility, such as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). This study aimed to investigate the association of ADH7 SNPs with the risk of HNSCC.
Methods and Patients:
We analyzed ADH7 rs1573496C > G, rs3737482T > C, rs1154460G > A, and rs284787T > C SNPs in 250 patients with HNSCC and 322 controls in the Korean populations. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood, and genotyping was done using the TaqMan assay. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotypes were analyzed.
Results
The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the CT and CC genotypes of ADH7 rs3737482T > C were 0.48 (0.29–0.78) and 0.69 (0.49–0.96), indicating a significantly decreased risk. In SNP of rs1154460G > A, the OR and 95% CI of the AA genotype was 1.63 (1.11–2.40), showing a significant increase in the risk. Furthermore, SNPs of ADH7 rs3737482T > C and ADH7 rs1154460G > A exhibit synergistic interactions with alcohol composition on the risk of HNSCC. None of the haplotypes were associated with the risk of HNSCC.
Conclusions
ADH7 rs3737482T > C and rs1154460G > A SNPs are associated with the risk of development of HNSCC in Koreans. It could serve as a molecular biological marker to screen the high-risk groups for HNSCC.
Effects of the cefazolin shortage on the sales, cost, and appropriate use of other antimicrobials
Authors: KOIZUMI Ryuji , KUSAMA Yoshiki , ASAI Yusuke , GU Yoshiaki , MURAKI Yuichi , OHMAGARI Norio 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Shortages of antimicrobials lead to treatment failures, increase medical costs, and accelerate the development of antimicrobial resistance. We evaluated the effects of the serious cefazolin shortage in 2019 in Japan on the sales, costs, and appropriate use of other antimicrobials.
Methods

We evaluated monthly defined daily doses/1,000 inhabitants/day (DID) values of antimicrobial sales from January 2016 to December 2019 using wholesaler’s sales databases. Using 2016–2018 sales data, we generated a prediction model of DID in 2019 under the assumption that the cefazolin shortage did not occur. We then compared the predicted DID and actual DID. Cefazolin, government-recommended alternatives, and non-government-recommended broad-spectrum alternatives were assessed. Antimicrobial groups according to the AWaRe classification were also assessed to evaluate the effect on appropriate antimicrobial use. In addition, we evaluated changes in costs between 9 months before and after the cefazolin shortage.
Results

DID values of total antimicrobials increased sharply 1 month before the decrease in cefazolin. Actual DIDs were higher than predicted DIDs for ceftriaxone, flomoxef, clindamycin, cefotiam, piperacillin/tazobactam, and meropenem. Actual DID values were higher than the predicted DID values in the Watch group. The costs of antimicrobials between pre- and post- cefazolin shortage were unchanged.
Conclusion

The cefazolin shortage brought confusion to the antimicrobial market and led to a setback in the appropriate use of antimicrobials. Early recognition and structures for prompt reactions to antimicrobial shortages are needed. Moreover, development of a system to secure the supply of essential antimicrobials is required.
Integrated Strategies for Enhancing the Expression of Chitosanase AqCoA in the Pichia Pastoris by A Novel High-Copy Plasmid PMC-GAP
Authors: Wang Yanxin , Zhao Yuqiang , Luo Xue , Li Zhoukun , Ye Xianfeng , Huang Yan , Li Ding , Cui Zhongli 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In our previous study, the chitosanase AqCoA and its products chitooligosaccharides exhibited significant application in fungal disease protection. In this study, to enhance the expression of AqCoA, we obtained various strains with multi-copy by a novel plasmid pMC-GAP with stable transformation ability in Pichia pastoris and built an integrated model combining the gene copy number, the chaperones and protein production of AqCoA. In terms of gene dosage, the highest enzyme activity was 0.32 U/ml in the strain with four copies, which was 1.78-fold higher than that in strain with only one copy (0.18 U/ml). In addition, we found the chaperone like PDI, ERO1, HAC1, YDJ1, SSE1, SSA4 and SSO2 improved protein expression. Furthermore, the PDI/ERO1, SSA4/SSE1 and YDJ1/SSO2 pairs synergistically increased by 61%, 31% and 42% in expression levels of the strain GAP-1AqCoA. Finally, we investigated the effect co-expression of gene copy and chaperones on protein expression. The maximum activity reached 2.319 U/ml by the strain with six chaperones intergrant plus sixteen copies, which was 13-fold higher than that by the control strain with only one copy (GAP-1AqCoA). Co-expression of gene dosage and chaperones significantly enhanced expression levels of AqCoA, which presented a powerful tool to improve foreign protein expression.
Metabolism Balance, Pyroptosis Regulation and Microenvironmental Protection by Exosomes Functioned as an Injectable Extracellular Matrix Hydrogel for Nucleus Pulposus Regeneration
Authors: Xing Hongyuan , Zhang Zengjie , Mao Qijiang , Wang Chenggui , Zhou Youlong , Zhou Xiaopeng , Ying Liwei , Xu Haibin , Hu Shaojun , Zhang Ning 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Exosome therapy is a promising therapeutic approach for intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) through regulating metabolic disorders, the microenvironment and cell homeostasis with the sustained release of microRNAs, proteins, and transcription factors. However, the rapid clearance and disruption of exosomes are the two major challenges for its application in IVDD. Herein, a thermosensitive acellular extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogel coupled with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADSC) exosomes that inherited the superior properties of nucleus pulposus tissue and ADSCs was fabricated to ameliorate IVDD. This thermosensitive dECM@exo hydrogel system can not only provide in situ gelation to replenish ECM leakage in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) but also provide an environment for the growth of NPCs. In addition, sustained release of ADSC-derived exosomes from this system regulates matrix synthesis and degradation by regulating matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and inhibits pyroptosis by mitigating the inflammatory response in vitro. Animal results demonstrated that the dECM@Exo hydrogel system maintained early IVD microenvironment homeostasis and ameliorated IVDD. This functional system can serve as a powerful platform for IVD drug delivery and biotherapy and an alternative therapy for IVDD.
MS2 Virus-like Particle as an Efficient Drug Delivery Tool: Optimizing the Synthesis and Purification Protocol
Authors: Hashemi Khadijeh , Seno Mohammad Mahdi Ghahramani , Ahmadian Mohammad Reza , Malaekeh-Nikouei Bizhan , Bassami Mohammad Reza , Dehghani Hesam , Afkhami-Goli Amir 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introducing bacteriophage MS2 virus-like particles (VLPs) as gene and drug delivery tools increases the demand for optimizing their production and purification procedure. PEG precipitation method is used efficiently to purify VLPs, while the effects of pH and different electrolytes on the stability, size, and homogeneity of purified MS2 VLPs, and the encapsulated RNA sequences remained to be elucidated.In this regard, a vector, capable of producing VLP with an shRNA packed inside was prepared. The resulting VLPs in different buffers/solutions were assessed for their size, polydispersity index, and ability to protect the enclosed shRNA. We report that among Tris, HEPES, and PBS, with or without NaNO3, and also NaNO3 alone in different pH and ionic concentrations, the 100mM NaNO3-Tris buffer with pH:8 can be used as a new and optimal MS2 VLP production buffer, capable of inhibiting the VLPs aggregation. These VLPs show a size range of 27-30nm and suitable homogeneity with minimum 12-month stability at 4◦C. Moreover, the resulting MS2 VLPs were highly efficient and stable for at least 48 hours in conditions similar to in vivo. These features of MS2 VLPs produced in the newly introduced buffer make them an appropriate candidate for therapeutic agents’ delivery.
Shifts in Help-seeking Patterns During COVID-19: Should Social Distancing be Rebranded?
Authors: Junus Alvin , Kwan Ching , Wong Clifford , Chen Zhansheng , Yip Paul 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Much focus has been placed on mental health symptoms brought forth by the COVID-19 pandemic, yet limited discourse & evidence have evaluated how the closure of multiple venues under social distancing measures impacted people's patterns of help-seeking, which had traditionally been the very coping mechanism that buffered individuals from the consequences of those studied symptoms.
Using a two-wave (June-July 2019 and June-September 2020) panel data on youths aged 11-35 years old, the present study shows that under social distancing, a significant proportion of individuals who used to rely on their strong ties for support no longer sought help even after controlling for stress level changes & sociodemographic factors, and only those who were facing heavier distress ended up seeking their strong ties for support.
By simply closing off social contexts that had traditionally facilitated social support provision among strong ties and not providing people with alternative contexts, current social distancing measures appeared to have effectively increased the difficulty for many to receive social support, thereby leaving them vulnerable to mental health impacts of the pandemic. To prevent the current pandemic from turning into a mental health pandemic, the mantra "social distancing" should be revised to encourage society to remain socially close even while physically distant.
Development and Psychometric Evaluation of an Instrument to Assess Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Family Caregivers at Preventing Pressure Injuries (KAP-PI) in Indonesian Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Sari Sheizi Prista , Everink Irma , Lohrmann Christa , Amir Yufitriana , Sari Eka Afrima , Halfens Ruud JG , Beeckman Dimitri , Schols Jos MGA 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The prevalence of pressure injuries among community-dwelling older adults in countries worldwide is still a serious problem. In Indonesia, older adults mostly rely on family members for (medical) care. Therefore, involving family members in the prevention and treatment of PIs could potentially decrease its prevalence rates. However, family members are usually not trained for such tasks. Hence, it is essential to first get more insight into the current state of affairs on family members’ knowledge, attitude and actual practice of preventing PIs. Due to the lack of an existing instrument to measure knowledge, attitude and practice of family caregivers in preventing PIs, this study focuses on the development and evaluation of psychometric properties of such an instrument. Methods: Three phases of instrument development and evaluation were used, including item generation, instrument construction and psychometric testing of the instrument. A total of 372 family caregivers of community-dwelling older adults who randomly selected participated in this study. Statistical analysis of exploratory analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha were used for the evaluation.Results: The final version of the KAP-PI-instruments consists of a 12-item knowledge domain, a 9-item attitude domain, and a 12-item practice domain with Cronbach’s Alpha values of 0.83, 0.93 and 0.89, respectively. The instrument appeared to be both reliable and valid.Conclusion: The KAP-PI instrument can be used in family nursing or community nursing practice, education, and research to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of pressure injury prevention of family caregivers.
River Mangrove Maintains Certain Level Na+ and Cl- in Leaves to Adapt Seasonal Freshwater
Authors: Xu Li , Liu Chao , Xin Changpeng , Wang Wenqing 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Mangrove environments are often characterized by large fluctuations in salinity, ranging from freshwater to hypersaline conditions. Most reports have focused on the mechanisms by which mangroves adapt to high salinity. However, how mangroves cope with seasonal freshwater habitats has seldom been studied. To address this question, we surveyed the river salinity and leaf traits (chlorophyll fluorescence, ion concentrations, carbon isotope ratios and osmolality) of Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco (river mangrove) along a freshwater-dominated river.Results: Aegiceras corniculatum at the upstream site was subjected to low salinity, being in fresh water for a long period (up to 310 h) in the wet season and experiencing a short term of low salinity in the dry season. The actual photosystem II efficiency (ФPSII) and electron transport rates (ETR) of the leaves at the upstream site decreased in the wet season, and recovered substantially in the dry season. Quenching analysis indicated that there was only a down-regulation of photoprotection, but no photoinhibition at the upstream site in the wet season. An explanation for this is that high levels of Na+ and Cl- were maintained in the leaves in the wet season.Conclusions: Long-term freshwater is a stressful environment for A. corniculatum. Aegiceras corniculatum maintains certain level Na+ and Cl- to adapt the seasonal freshwater.
Orientation Kinetics of Chiral-Nematic N* Domains in Suspensions of Charged DNA Rods
Authors: Kang Kyongok 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Many biological systems exhibit natural regulation mechanisms as necessary functions. Proteins, peptides, charged receptors, RNAs, and DNAs clearly demonstrate such varieties of structural dynamics in their biocomplexity. To understand the proper structural functionality of biomolecules, this requires integrated information from initiation, regulation, transfer and transport to desirable sustainable processes. Here, we demonstrate the orientation kinetics of stable chiral-nematic (N*) domains that are consistently formed in the suspensions of charged DNA rods at low ionic strengths. This is enhanced by large access of released dissociated condensed ions and the mobile diffusive ions of DNA rods, acting onto the perpendicular motions of the DNA rods in bulk. The quantification of collective orientations for these interacting charged DNA rods is extracted by image-time correlation (ITC) performed in Fourier transforms (FTs) for overall spectral density distributions. Three distinguishable length scales are clearly shown corresponding to the relevant motion of the N* domain in parallel, perpendicular and the optical pitch within the domains as well as the kinetics of local distributions in FTs. Particularly strong concentration transitions are confirmed by replica symmetry breaking of elastic deformations in N* domains in terms of the average twist angle and the order parameter. This work can be interesting for sufficient cooling of the given concentration of charged DNA rods, at low ionic strengths (below the critical value), mimicking super-cooled liquid and orientation glass in other biomacromolecules.
Proteomics of Restenosis Model in LDLR-deficient Hamster Coupled With the Proliferative Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Reveal New Mechanism of Vascular Remodeling Diseases
Authors: Hu Zhao-Kun , Niu Jiang-Ling , Lin Jia-Jie , Dong Li-Hua 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundVascular remodeling diseases is a global health problem, and the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is an important pathological mechanism. Golden hamsters have potential value in the study of the pathogenesis and molecular characteristics of vascular remodeling diseases, due to their lipid distribution similar to that of humans. MethodsWe detected a large number of differential proteins in vascular remodeling disease using proteomic methods, and verified the proteins (PFKL and LDHA) of concern by immunofluorescence and Western Blot.ResultsIn this study, the molecular characteristics of vascular remodeling diseases were studied by golden hamster carotid artery proteomics and in vitro cultured rat VSMCs proteomics, and 1,246 and 1,070 differentially abundant proteins were detected, respectively. According to bioinformatics analysis, differentially abundant proteins are mainly related to carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, acute inflammatory response, complement activation and cytoskeleton. ConclusionsAmong the numerous differentially abundant proteins, we found two proteins (PFKL and LDHA) of interest and verified them. Maybe they will become new biomarkers or drug targets for vascular remodeling diseases. Therefore, we not only provide a better animal model for the study of vascular remodeling diseases, but also provide new perspective for the pathological mechanism and treatment of vascular remodeling diseases.
Facile Synthesis of Cu2+ doped ZnO via Thermal Spreading method: A Dual Role to Photocatalyst for Organic Dye Amaranth and Photoluminescence for Blue-Green Emission
Authors: Chitra S. R. , Kannan S. Karthik , Arputhavalli G. Johnsy , Shkir Mohd , AlFaify S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this work “solve two problems with one single action” strategy was implemented for degradation of industrial dye Amaranth and enhanced blue-green emission for opto-electronics applications in Cu2+ doped ZnO materials. The different concentrations (weight (wt) %) of Cu2+ doped ZnO materials have been synthesized by the thermal spreading method. The as-prepared ZnO and Cu2+ doped ZnO materials have effectively confirmed by various spectroscopic methods. The crystalline phase, surface morphology, compositions of elements and energy bandgap were studied systematically enquired by PXRD, SEM, EDS and UV-vis spectroscopic analysis, respectively. With the dopant concentration, 18 wt% of Cu2+ doped ZnO revealed outstanding photocatalytic performance to the degradation of Amaranth under visible light irradiation with an efficacy of about 97%. Likewise, 18 wt% of Cu2+ doped ZnO shows an strong blue-green emission at around 495 nm owing to the internal oxygen vacancies. The present work gives some clue; it may be used as a proficient photocatalyst for degradation of dyes and luminescent material for optoelectronics applications.
Dexras1 Induces Dysdifferentiation of Oligodendrocytes by Inhibiting the cAMP-CREB Pathway in White Matter Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Xin Yuanjun , Zhang Hongxia , Chen Jie , Liang Yidan , Zhao Jun , Xiang Xiang , Liang Fu Ming , Fu Wenqiao , Huang Hao , Wu Xintong , Deng Jiewen , He Zhaohui 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundWhite matter damage (WMD), different from the widely studied neuronal death, is also involved in neurological dysfunction after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) although the specific mechanism is not yet known. Dexras1 (RASD1) has been reported to be involved in nervous system damage in autoimmune encephalitis and multiple sclerosis; however, there is no information on whether Dexras1 participates in WMD after SAH. We hypothesized that Dexras1 participates in oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation in WMD after SAH.MethodsIntracerebroventricular lentiviral administration was used to modulate Dexras1 levels to determine its functional influence on neurological injuries after SAH. Immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blotting were used to investigate the effects of Dexras1 on demyelination, glial cell activation and differentiation of OPCs after SAH. Primary rat brain neurons were treated with oxyhemoglobin to elucidate the association between Dexras1 and cAMP-CREB.ResultsDexras1 levels were significantly increased after SAH, accompanied by clear neurological deficits, glial cell activation, OPC differentiation disorders, and myelin injury. Dexras1 overexpression significantly worsened OPC dysdifferentiation and myelin injury after SAH, which were accompanied by increased glial cell activation and levels of inflammatory factors. In contrast, Dexras1 knockdown ameliorated demyelination, oligodendrocyte differentiation disorders, and glial cell activation. cAMP acted as an upstream agonist of CREB, with decreased TNF-α and IL-1β levels after SAH. However, the cAMP-CREB pathway was inhibited after Dexras1 overexpression.Conclusion﻿Dexras1 induced oligodendrocyte dysdifferentiation after SAH and regulated glial cell activation through suppression of the cAMP-CREB pathway. This research highlights a novel direction for the improvement of neurological dysfunction after SAH.
Evaluation of the Therapeutic Effect of Pulmonary Embolism by CT Pulmonary Angiography Combined With Clinical Indexes
Authors: Yuan Meng , Cui XinYuan , Yang ChunXue , Zhang XinYang , Zhao DeLi , Zhang JinLing 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTo evaluate the value of CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of pulmonary embolism (PE) through the study of CT pulmonary artery obstruction index (PAOI), right ventricular function parameters and some clinical indexes related to coagulation function and cardiac function injury.Materials and methodsSelect 30 patients with pulmonary embolism who underwent CTPA examination before and after treatment in our hospital, sort out their CTPA images before and after treatment, and obtain PAOI and right heart function parameters, including ascending aorta diameter (AAd), main pulmonary artery diameter (MPAd), ratio of main pulmonary artery diameter to ascending aorta diameter (MPAd/AAd), right pulmonary artery trunk diameter (RPAd), left pulmonary artery trunk diameter (LPAd), the ratio of the maximum short axis diameter of the right ventricle to the maximum short axis diameter of the left ventricle (RVd/LVd), and calculate the pulmonary artery obstruction index (PAOI).At the same time obtain the required clinical indicators, including serum D-dimer, N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide precursor (NT-proBNP), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), myocardial enzyme profile (aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK)).ResultsMPAd, RPAd,LPAd,RVd / LVd, PAOI, D-dimer, cTnI, CK, LDH, AST had significant changes after treatment (P < 0.05), while the other parameters and indexes had no significant differences before and after treatment (P > 0.05). PAOI is positively correlated with RVd/LVd, MPAd, D-dimer. The correlation coefficient ranges from 0.281 to 0.423, among which, the correlation with D-dimer is the closest, with a correlation coefficient of 0.423. There was no significant correlation between other parameters and PAOI (P < 0.05).Conclusion﻿CTPA is of great significance in evaluating the severity of pulmonary embolism, right heart function and therapeutic efficacy.