bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological Analysis of the Hindbrain Glucose Sensor-Hypothalamic Neural Pathway Activated by Hindbrain Glucoprivation
Authors: Sato Marimo , Minabe Shiori , Sakono Takahiro , Magata Fumie , Nakamura Sho , Watanabe Youki , Inoue Naoko , Uenoyama Yoshihisa , Tsukamura Hiroko , Matsuda Fuko 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Lowered glucose availability, sensed by the hindbrain, has been suggested to enhance gluconeogenesis and food intake as well as suppress reproductive function. In fact, our previous histological and in vitro studies suggest that hindbrain ependymal cells function as a glucose sensor. The present study aimed to clarify the hindbrain glucose sensor-hypothalamic neural pathway activated in response to hindbrain glucoprivation to mediate counterregulatory physiological responses. Administration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG), an inhibitor of glucose utilization, into the fourth ventricle (4V) of male rats for 0.5 hour induced messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of c-fos, a marker for cellular activation, in ependymal cells in the 4V, but not in the lateral ventricle, the third ventricle or the central canal without a significant change in blood glucose and testosterone levels. Administration of 2DG into the 4V for 1 hour significantly increased blood glucose levels, food intake, and decreased blood testosterone levels. Simultaneously, the expression of c-Fos protein was detected in the 4V ependymal cells; dopamine β-hydroxylase-immunoreactive cells in the C1, C2, and A6 regions; neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA-positive cells in the C2; corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA-positive cells in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN); and NPY mRNA-positive cells in the arcuate nucleus (ARC). Taken together, these results suggest that lowered glucose availability, sensed by 4V ependymal cells, activates hindbrain catecholaminergic and/or NPY neurons followed by CRH neurons in the PVN and NPY neurons in the ARC, thereby leading to counterregulatory responses, such as an enhancement of gluconeogenesis, increased food intake, and suppression of sex steroid secretion.
Persistent Metabolic Effects of Tamoxifen: Considerations for an Experimental Tool and Clinical Breast Cancer Treatment
Authors: Stout Michael B , Scalzo Rebecca L , Wellberg Elizabeth A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator tamoxifen is frequently used in preclinical studies to induce Cre recombinase and generate conditional transgenic mice. In addition, it is often prescribed to treat ER-positive breast cancer, which is diagnosed in approximately 150 000 people each year. In mice, protocols to activate Cre-ER transgenes require tamoxifen administration by several methods, including oral gavage, IP injection, or intragastric injection, spanning a wide range of doses to achieve transgene induction. As a result, the reported metabolic effects of tamoxifen treatment are not always consistent with anecdotal reports from breast cancer patients, or with expected outcomes based on the overall metabolically protective role of estrogen. A greater awareness of tamoxifen’s adverse metabolic effects is critical to designing studies with appropriate controls, especially those investigations focused on metabolic outcomes.
Not Tracking: The Antipolitics of Contact-Tracing Applications
Authors: Kift Paula 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, governments around the world turned to contact-tracing applications in an attempt to balance the reopening of the economy with keeping the virus at bay. But as this article demonstrates, contact-tracing applications not only fail to protect the most vulnerable among us; they also shift responsibility for failing to prepare public-health systems for a pandemic away from governments and onto the individual user struggling to contain its worst effects. In the process, contact-tracing applications change the definition of failure. They also reinforce existing inequalities. Technology in this case not only has politics; it prevents politics. By focusing on contact-tracing applications as an example, the article points to some of the deeper perils of accepting app-based solutions to structural problems.
Childhood Memories of Circus Children
Authors: Rimbault Éléonore 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBefore the 1990s, there were many child performers in India's circus companies. They joined the circus as trainees and received a salary for their performance. After their activity was problematized as child labor and made illegal, they progressively disappeared from circus companies. Drawing from ethnographic materials, this article reflects on the memories of former circus children who have now become adults. The author argues that taking the interlocutors’ memories as a point of departure for the study of childhood helps circumvent some moral and methodological issues with this category. Childhood memories illuminate an individual's assessment of their own experience, regardless of whether it conforms to widespread normative expectations about childhood; it can also suggest biographical periodizations that are more relevant to a person's life than prevalent age categories. The essay ends with a caveat about the need for a reflexive approach to the context in which childhood memories are shared.
Black Life, Trans Study
Authors: Smythe SA 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis essay thinks through some possibilities and implications for a trans studies formation in Europe and across the West that takes as some of its core concerns and ethical commitments black people, black life, and black capacities for insurgency, experimentation, and trans nonbinary method. Writing against the logics of displacement, disciplinarity, and depletion, what follows is a brief meditation on both the institutionalization of trans studies in Western academia and the material disregard of black people, trans people, migrants, and other oppressed and vulnerable people under the extractive regimes of cisheteropatriarchial white supremacy.
CRISPR/Cas9-engineered Drosophila knock-in models to study VCP diseases
Authors: Wall Jordan M. , Basu Ankita , Zunica Elizabeth R. M. , Dubuisson Olga S. , Pergola Kathryn , Broussard Joshua P. , Kirwan John P. , Axelrod Christopher L. , Johnson Alyssa E. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Mutations in Valosin Containing Protein (VCP) are associated with several degenerative diseases, including multisystem proteinopathy (MSP-1) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, patients with VCP mutations vary widely in their pathology and clinical penetrance, making it difficult to devise effective treatment strategies. A deeper understanding of how each mutation affects VCP function could enhance the prediction of clinical outcomes and design of personalized treatment options. The power of a genetically tractable model organism coupled with well-established in vivo assays and a relatively short life cycle make Drosophila an attractive system to study VCP disease pathogenesis. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we have generated individual Drosophila knock-in mutants that include nine hereditary VCP disease mutations. Our models display many hallmarks of VCP-mediated degeneration, including progressive decline in mobility, protein aggregate accumulation and defects in lysosomal and mitochondrial function. We also made some novel and unexpected findings, including nuclear morphology defects and sex-specific phenotypic differences in several mutants. Taken together, the Drosophila VCP disease models generated in this study will be useful for studying the etiology of individual VCP patient mutations and testing potential genetic and/or pharmacological therapies.
Could plasticity mediate highlands lizards’ resilience to climate change? A case study of the leopard iguana (Diplolaemus leopardinus) in Central Andes of Argentina
Authors: Vicenzi Nadia , Bacigalupe Leonardo D. , Laspiur Alejandro , Ibargüengoytía Nora , Sassi Paola L. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThe predicted rise of global temperatures is of major concern for ectotherms because of its direct impact on their behavior and physiology. As physiological performance mediates a species’ resilience to warming exposure, physiological plasticity could greatly reduce the susceptibility to climate change. We studied the degree to which Diplolaemus leopardinus lizards are able to adjust behavioral and physiological traits in response to short periods of temperature change. We used a split cross design to measure the acclimation response of preferred body temperature (Tp), and the thermal performance curve of resting metabolic rate (RMR) and evaporative water loss (EWL). Our results showed that plasticity differs among traits: whereas Tp and EWL showed lower values in warm conditions, the body temperature at which RMR was highest increased. Moreover, RMR was affected by thermal history, showing a large increase in response to cold exposure in the group initially acclimated to warm temperatures. The reduction of EWL and the increase in optimal temperature will give lizards the potential to partially mitigate the impact of rising temperatures in the energy cost and water balance. However, the decrease in Tp and the sensitivity to the warm thermal history of RMR could be detrimental to the energy net gain, increasing the species’ vulnerability, especially considering the increase of heat waves predicted for the next 50 years. The integration of acclimation responses in behavioral and physiological traits provides a better understanding of the range of possible responses of lizards to cope with the upcoming climatic and environmental modifications expected as a result of climate change.
Controle gerencial na administração pública e transformação digital: sensoriamento remoto para fiscalizar
Authors: Orlandi Alex Gois , Farias Renata de Araujo Nobre , Carvalho Júnior Osmar Abílio , Guimarães Renato Fontes , Gomes Roberto Arnaldo Trancoso 
Published: June 2021

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo demonstrar como o controle gerencial na administração pública pode aplicar o sensoriamento remoto por meio de imagens gratuitas de satélite como ferramenta de transformação digital, gerando economia e eficiência. O trabalho tem como base um projeto piloto em desenvolvimento na Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL) para a fiscalização das obras de usinas fotovoltaicas de geração de energia em implantação. Os resultados obtidos mostram o potencial de enriquecimento que o uso de imagens traz aos processos de controle gerencial na administração pública, ao fortalecimento da prestação de contas no setor público e ao efeito positivo da transformação digital como ferramenta simples e moderna de fiscalização, propiciando economia e eficiência ao controle público.
The public health and health system implications of changes in the utilisation of acute hospital care in Ireland during the first wave of COVID-19: Lessons for recovery planning
Authors: Marron Louise , Burke Sara , Kavanagh Paul 
Published: June 2021

Background: Reduced and delayed presentations for non-COVID-19 illness during the COVID-19 pandemic have implications for population health and health systems. The aim of this study is to quantify and characterise changes in acute hospital healthcare utilisation in Ireland during the first wave of COVID-19 to inform healthcare system planning and recovery. Methods: A retrospective, population-based, interrupted time-trend study was conducted using two national datasets, Patient Experience Time (PET) and Hospital In-Patient Enquiry (HIPE). The study period was 6th January to 5th July 2020. Results: Comparison between time periods pre- and post-onset of the COVID-19 pandemic within 2020 showed there were 81,712 fewer Emergency Department (ED) presentations (-18.8%), 19,692 fewer admissions from ED (-17.4%) and 210,357 fewer non-COVID-19 hospital admissions (-35.0%) than expected based on pre-COVID-19 activity. Reductions were greatest at the peak of population-level restrictions, at extremes of age and for elective admissions. In the period immediately following the first wave, acute hospital healthcare utilisation remained below pre-COVID-19 levels, however, there were increases in emergency alcohol-related admissions (Rate Ratio 1.22, 95% CI 1.03, 1.43, p-value 0.016), admissions with self-harm (Rate Ratio 1.39, 95% CI 1.01, 1.91, p-value 0.043) and mental health admissions (Rate Ratio 1.28, 95% CI 1.03, 1.60, p-value 0.028). Discussion: While public health implications of delayed and lost care will only become fully apparent over time, recovery planning must begin immediately. In the short-term, backlogs in care need to be managed and population health impacts of COVID-19 and associated restrictions, particularly in relation to mental health and alcohol, need to be addressed through strong public health and health system responses. In the long-term, COVID-19 highlights health system weakness and is an opportunity to progress health system reform to deliver a universal, high-quality, sustainable and resilient health system, capable of meeting population health needs and responding to future pandemics.
Induction of interferon signaling and allograft inflammatory factor 1 in macrophages in a mouse model of breast cancer metastases
Authors: Zheng Wei , Zhao Dejian , Zhang Hui , Chinnasamy Prameladevi , Sibinga Nicholas , Pollard Jeffrey W. 
Published: June 2021

Background: Metastatic breast cancer cells recruit macrophages (metastasis-associated macrophages, or MAMs) to facilitate their seeding, survival and outgrowth. However, a comprehensive understanding of the gene expression program in MAMs and how this program contributes to metastasis remain elusive. Methods: We compared the transcriptomes of MAMs recruited to lung metastases and resident alveolar macrophages (RAMs) and identified a large variety of differentially expressed genes and their associated signaling pathways. Some of the changes were validated using qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence. To probe the functional relevance to metastatic growth, a gene-targeting mouse model of female mice in the C57BL6/J background was used to study allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF1, also known as ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 or IBA1). Results: Interferon signaling is one of the most activated pathways in MAMs, with strong upregulation of multiple components of the pathway and a significant enrichment for the gene signatures of interferon-alpha-treated human macrophages. Aif1, an interferon-responsive gene that regulates multiple macrophage activities, was robustly induced in MAMs. Aif1 deficiency in MAMs, however, did not affect development of lung metastases, suggesting that AIF1 indicates MAM activation but is dispensable for regulating metastasis. Conclusions: The drastically different gene expression profile of MAMs as compared to RAMs suggests an important role in promoting metastatic growth. Dissection of the underlying mechanisms and functional validation of potential targets in the profile may provide novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of metastatic diseases.
Radiation Hormesis and Epidemiology of Carcinogenesis: ‘Never the Twain Shall Meet’
Authors: Koterov A. , Vaynson A. 
Published: June 2021

The review considers the reasons that do not allow the use of radiation hormesis for public health and for the prevention of diseases in the population. It is noted that evidence of the hormesis effects of low doses radiation with low LET was obtained only in laboratory experiments on cells and animals, using a hypothetical-deductive method and adequate controls. Some confirmation was found in balneology (radon therapy) and in the clinic (immunostimulation in cancer patients). At the same time, in epidemiological, observational studies, which mainly involve the induction method, there are no unambiguous data on hormesis effects on the frequency of carcinogenesis. This is due to the fact that in the region of low doses (up to 0.1 Gy), in addition to linear, any forms of dose dependence are equally probable, and it is impossible to isolate the radiation effect due to the iinfluence of non-radiation factors, as well as confounders and biases. The epidemiological designs used to confirm radiation hormesis in terms of the frequency of malignant neoplasms have such significant drawbacks and limitations for small magnitudes of effects that, according to epidemiology, there is no possibility for conclusions about hormesis. The stated is, among other things, the position of UNSCEAR, ICRP, BEIR and NCRP, which in the relevant documents, however, is presented insufficiently. For many experimental researchers and clinicians (of any rank), who are not familiar with the basics of classical epidemiology and descriptive disciplines, this position remains incomprehensible and incomprehensible. It is concluded that although hormesis may exist at low doses of radiation, it will hardly be possible to prove and, moreover, to use it in epidemiology and medicine for the prevention of a healthy population. At the same time, it is necessary to actively develop the clinical use of radiation in low doses, but only as a therapeutic immunostimulation in severe pathologies.
The Influence of Mesenchymal Stem Cells of Adipose Tissue and Paracrine Factors of Conditioned Medium on the Healing of Radiation Ulcers in the Treatment of Severe Radiation Injuries of Skin in Rats
Authors: Lebedev V , Deshevoy Yu. , Temnov A. , Astrelina T. , Rogov K. , Nasonova T. , Lyrshchikova A. , Dobrynina O. , Moroz B. , Sklifas A 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: Studying of the effects transplantation of cultured mesenchymal stem cells of adipose tissue (MMSC) and adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF), as well as the introduction of paracrine factors (PF) of conditioned medium in an isolated or combined application for severe local radiation skin lesions in the experiment.
Material and methods: Rats of the inbred Wistar–Kyoto strain were irradiated to local X-rays exposure in the iliolumbar region of the back at a dose of 110 Gy. The transplantation of cultured MMSC was performed twice at doses of 2.1 × 106 and 2.6 × 106 on the 28th and 35th days after irradiation. Adipose-derived SVF was administered at the same time in doses of 3.2 × 106 and 2.8 × 106, respectively. PF were administered five times from the 1st to the 10th day after irradiation. The severity of radiation damage to the skin and the effects of therapy were evaluated in dynamics by clinical manifestations, using planimetry and histological methods.
Results: Radiation exposure with these parameters caused severe radiation injuries of the skin with non-healing ulcers formed by the 21–25th day after irradiation. The area of radiation ulcers in rats of the control group in the period from the 26th to the 83rd day slowly decreased from 2.76 ± 0.12 cm2 to 1.85 ± 0.13 cm2. In 50 % of the animals in the control group, ulcers persisted for more than 4 months after irradiation. In rats of the experimental groups, more intensive healing and a decrease in the area of radiation ulcers was noted. With isolated administration of cultured MMSC or SVF, a statistically significant decrease in the area of ulcers compared with the control was observed on the 104–125th day, and with the introduction of PF on the 83rd day after irradiation, p <0.05. In the control group, by the118th day after irradiation, radiation ulcers healed only in 25 % of rats, and in the experimental groups with isolated administration of cultured MMSC, SVF and PF in 40–55 % of the rats showed complete epithelialization of wounds with the formation of an atrophic scar. Under the conditions of combined use of stem cells and conditioned medium factors, the number of animals with complete healing of radiation ulcers was 85–100 % by 118th days, p <0.05.
Conclusion: Thus, transplantation of cultured MMSC of adipose tissue and adipose-derived SVF, as well as the introduction of PF of conditioned medium, can enhance the regeneration processes and stimulate skin regeneration, promoting earlier healing of chronic radiation ulcers in severe local radiation injuries. Moreover, with the combined introduction of PF and adipose-derived stem cell transplantation, the effectiveness of the healing of radiation ulcers was increases.
A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating a Pain Training for Respite Workers Supporting Children With Disabilities Part Two: Training Evaluations and the Impact of Training on Knowledge Application
Authors: Genik Lara M. , Aerts Elisabeth L. , Nauman Hiba , Barney Chantel C. , Lewis Stephen P. , McMurtry C. Meghan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Within a parallel-group randomized control trial, pain training's impact on Respite Workers' (RW) care approaches and training evaluations was explored. RW (n = 158) from 14 organizations received pain or control training following randomization. Researchers were blind until randomization; allocations were not shared explicitly with organizations/participants. Participants completed a strategy use questionnaire immediately before and an evaluation immediately after training completion. Four-to-6 weeks later, participants completed the strategy use questionnaire and semistructured focus groups. No differences in pain approaches were noted in strategy use questionnaires. Per focus groups, both groups acquired a “knowing” about pain and applied pain-related care approaches in similarly. Pain training participants identified need for “growing and strengthening” pain knowledge. Training endorsements were favorable. RW pain training has value and may impact practice.
Broadband chromatic dispersion in fiber-coupled optical
interferometry
Authors: Allured Ryan , Ashcom Jonathan B. 
Published: June 2021

Chromatic dispersion is a well-known technical challenge in optical
interferometry, and the issue is exacerbated when using optical fibers
for beam transport. The important sources of chromatic dispersion in a
fiber-coupled optical interferometer are investigated using a
Mach–Zehnder interferometer operating between 975–1650 nm, with
particular attention paid to various dispersive effects in fibers. The
compensation of chromatic dispersion is also investigated, and a
compensation strategy using bulk glass and fiber stretching is
described. A notional dispersion budget is presented for a
fiber-coupled interferometer operating in the near infrared, showing
that dispersion can be compensated to the

λ

/

20

RMS level over a nearly 700 nm wide
bandpass.
UV random laser in aluminum-doped ZnO nanorods
Authors: Ali Abdullah Taha , Maryam W. , Huang Yu-Wei , Hsu Hsu-Cheng , Ahmed Naser M. , Zainal N. , Abu Hassan H. , Dheyab Mohammed Ali 
Published: June 2021

Vertically aligned Al-doped ZnO nanorods (AZO-NRs) were grown on glass substrate using a chemical bath deposition (CBD) method at various temperatures between 80°C and 130°C. The results showed the Al content in the AZO-NRs strongly depends on the growth temperature. The optimum doping level was attained at 110°C. The morphology was maintained in each sample, and the lasing properties were investigated against the Al-doped variation. The sample with a high doping level exhibited superior random lasing, with high intensity and spectral width of less than 0.08 nm. The same sample also had the lowest pumping threshold of 0.192 mW. More importantly, this study showed the possibility of utilizing doping as a tuning parameter for random lasing, whereby a 7.3 nm redshift in the lasing peak was observed with increasing doping concentration. This study also placed an emphasis on AZO-NRs as potential candidates for tunable random laser devices.