bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity among Tibetan adolescents aged 12–17 years
Authors: Zhang Yunfei , Sun Jiahong , Zhao Min , Magnussen Costan G , Xi Bo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjective:To estimate the prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity among Tibetan adolescents aged 12–17 years.Design:Cross-sectional survey.Setting:Shigatse City of Tibet municipality, with an average altitude of more than 4000 m.Participants:Study participants included 2642 adolescents aged 12–17 years selected from six schools using a convenient cluster sampling method.Results:The prevalence of thinness/overweight/obesity among Tibetan adolescents was 9·4 %/5·4 %/1·4 % (China definition), 14·7 %/4·4 %/0·7 % (International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) definition), and 2·8 %/5·7 %/0·9 % (WHO definition). The prevalence of thinness and overweight was significantly different between both sexes based on each of three BMI classification criteria (P < 0·001). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of obesity between both sexes according to each of three BMI criteria. There was no clear trend in the prevalence of thinness across ages according to the China or IOTF definition (both P > 0·05), whereas an upward trend was observed for thinness in boys according to the IOTF definition (Pfor trend <0·05). In contrast, the prevalence of thinness tended to decrease with increasing age in girls according to the IOTF definition and in total sample according to the WHO definition (Pfor trend <0·05).Conclusions:Among Tibetan adolescents, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is relatively low, while the prevalence of thinness is high, especially in boys. These data suggest urgent attention is needed to control adolescent thinness in Tibet.
The association between dietary patterns with type 2 diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes in the Henan rural cohort study
Authors: Xue Yuan , Liu Chang , Wang Bingya , Mao Zhenxing , Yu Songcheng , Wang Yan , Zhang Dongdong , Wang Chongjian , Li Wenjie , Li Xing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjective:We aimed to investigate whether dietary patterns were associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or pre-diabetes in adults of rural area in Henan.Design:Cross-sectional study. Principal component analysis was used to identify dietary patterns, while multivariate logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline regression models were used to analyse the association between dietary patterns and both pre-diabetes and T2DM.Setting:Rural area of Henan province, China.Participants:A total of 38 779 adults aged 18–79 years were recruited from the Henan rural cohort study as the subjects.Results:The prevalence of pre-diabetes and T2DM in rural Henan was 6·8 % and 9·4 %, respectively. A total of three dietary patterns were assessed in the present study. Dietary pattern I with a high intake of red meat and white meat; dietary pattern II with a high intake of grains, nuts, milk and eggs and dietary pattern III with a high intake of vegetables, staple food and fruits. The highest quintile (Q5) of pattern III could reduce 32·7 % risk of pre-diabetes. The Q5 of pattern II showed a 15·5 % decreased risk of T2DM, in a U-shaped dose–response manner; meanwhile, the Q5 of pattern III was significantly associated with reduced risks of T2DM (OR: 0·582, 95 % CI (0·497, 0·682)).Conclusions:Pattern III is beneficial for reducing risk of pre-diabetes or T2DM. Though a higher consumption of ‘grains-nuts-egg’ may associate with a reduced risk of T2DM, excessive intakes should be avoided. This study may provide a reference for the prevention of diabetes on dietary precautions.
Maternal dietary diversity during pregnancy and risk of low birth weight in newborns: a systematic review
Authors: Kheirouri Sorayya , Alizadeh Mohammad 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjective:Maternal nutrition during pregnancy is a key factor influencing birth outcome. Dietary diversity is a proxy for multiple macro- and/or micronutrient sufficiency of an individual’s diet. This systematic review aimed to summarise the findings on the association between maternal dietary diversity during pregnancy and the risk of low birth weight (LBW) in newborns.Design:This is a systematic review study.Setting:Google and the PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases were searched to extract original studies on humans published until June 2020, without date restrictions. There was no limitation regarding geographic region or economic condition of countries. Duplicated and irrelevant studies were screened out and data were obtained through critical analysis.Participants:Articles that examined the association between maternal dietary diversity during pregnancy and the risk of LBW in infants were included.Results:Of the ninety-eight studies retrieved, fifteen articles were included in the final review. All included articles represent low- and middle-income countries. Eighty percentage of the studies (n12) indicated that low maternal dietary diversity during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of LBW infants. Three studies that included a small number of LBW infants and did not take into account factors which may bias study results failed to show this association.Conclusion:The results suggest that low maternal dietary diversity during pregnancy may be associated with the risk of LBW, more specifically in developing countries. Dietary diversity might be a valuable predictor of maternal nutrition during pregnancy and the chance of giving birth to a LBW infant.
Associations of dietary inflammatory index with metabolic syndrome and its components: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yi Qian , Li Xue , He Yazhou , Xia Wei , Shao Jing , Ye Zhihong , Song Peige 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjective:Inflammation has been suggested to play an important role in the development and progression of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Dietary inflammatory index (DII), a measurement of inflammatory potential in diets, was suggested to be associated with MetS. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to establish the associations of DII with MetS and its components based on available observational studies.Design:Systematic review and meta-analysis.Setting:A comprehensive literature search of studies that assessed the associations between DII and MetS was conducted in PubMed, Medline and Embase, using a combination of search terms relating to DII and MetS.Participants:Eighteen articles were eligible, of which fourteen were cross-sectional and four were cohort in design.Results:Results from the random effects meta-analysis showed significantly positive associations of higher DII (top v. bottom quartiles) with MetS (OR: 1·23 (95 % CI 1·10, 1·37)), abdominal obesity (OR: 1·15 (95 % CI 1·02, 1·29)), high blood pressure (OR: 1·17 (95 % CI 1·07, 1·29)), hyperglycaemia (OR: 1·18 (95 % CI 1·05, 1·33)) and hypertriacylglycerolaemia (OR: 1·17 (95 % CI 1·07, 1·28)). The effects of summary OR became stronger when analyses were restricted to cohorts, studies that adjudged for covariates (including BMI, physical activity and total energy intake).Conclusions:Higher DII, representing pro-inflammatory diet, is associated with higher odds of MetS and its components, except for low HDL-cholesterol. The findings prompt dietary interventions for preventing MetS from the aspect of inflammation.
Digit ratio (2D:4D) and amniotic testosterone and estradiol: an attempted replication of Lutchmaya et al. (2004)
Authors: Richards Gareth , Browne Wendy V. , Constantinescu Mihaela 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe ratio of length between the second (index) and fourth (ring) fingers (digit ratio or 2D:4D) is frequently employed as a retrospective marker of prenatal sex hormone exposure. Lutchmaya et al. (2004) reported that the ratio of testosterone (T) to estradiol (E) present in second-trimester amniotic fluid was negatively correlated with digit ratios for the right hand (but not the left hand) in a sample of 29 children at 2-year follow-up. This observation is frequently cited as evidence for the measure’s validity but has not been replicated. We therefore present the findings of another study of amniotic T and E that did not find evidence for these effects at 4½-year follow-up. The confidence intervals were large, the direction of correlations observed was generally erratic, and the overall findings question the premise that second-trimester sex hormones affect the development of digit length ratios in humans.
Coseismic Surface Displacement in the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquakes: Comparison of Field Measurements and Optical Image Correlation Results
Authors: Gold Ryan D , DuRoss Christopher B , Barnhart William D 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA fundamental topic in earthquake studies is understanding the extent to which fault rupture at the surface is localized on primary fault strands as opposed to distributed tens to hundreds of meters away from primary ruptures through off‐fault deformation (OFD) via a combination of discrete secondary faulting and bulk deformation. The 2019 Ridgecrest, CA Mw6.4 and Mw7.1 earthquakes provide an opportunity to explore this problem via comparison of published field‐based and mostly on‐fault offset measurements, with new lateral displacement measurements made over length scales of hundreds of meters across the primary rupture using WorldView satellite images collected before and after the earthquakes. A mean fit to the field observations underestimates net slip (pixel‐correlation results) by an average of 0.4 m along the Mw6.4 rupture (∼41% of net left‐lateral displacement) and 0.7 m along the Mw7.1 rupture (∼65% of net right‐lateral displacement). We attribute these differences to substantial OFD along the lengths of the Mw6.4 (∼59%) and Mw7.1 (∼35%) ruptures. A maximum fit to the field observations provides an improved match to the pixel correlation results (difference of 0.1–0.2 m or ∼76%–98% of net displacement). OFD may in part depend on displacement magnitude, where locations along the rupture with smaller displacements (<2 m) are characterized by a greater percentage of OFD. Furthermore, OFD increases with rupture zone width, especially at the scale of individual rupture strands (hundreds of meters). These findings contribute to a growing understanding of the important role of OFD in accommodating deformation near the surface.
Equation of State for Fe‐9.0 wt% O up to 246 GPa: Implications for Oxygen in the Earth's Outer Core
Authors: Young G. , Fan Lili , Zhao Bin , Chen Xing , Liu Xun , Huang Haijun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo constrain the amount of oxygen in Earth's outer core, the equation of sate (EoS) for Fe‐9 wt% O (Fe‐9O) was measured up to ∼246 GPa using the dynamic compression technique. The shock velocity and particle velocity relationship can be described by . Using the ideal mixing model, the isothermal equation of state for Fe‐9O at 300 K was fitted to the third‐order Birch‐Murnaghan EoS with bulk modulus GPa and its pressure derivative . Based on the EoS of Mie‐Grüneisen, the calculated adiabat coincides with our experimental data when its Grüneisen parameters are given by . Using the determined parameters, bulk sound velocities were obtained from the Hugoniot data. By comparing the pressure‐density profiles and sound velocities of Fe‐O system with the preliminary reference Earth model, it was determined that the oxygen‐rich composition does not provide a good match to the observations in the Earth's outer core.
Turbulent Shear Flow Over Large Martian Ripples
Authors: Yizhaq Hezi , Siminovich Arik , Katra Itzhak , Levy Avi , Sullivan Robert , Silverstro Simone , Yakhot Alexander 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOn Mars, large aeolian ripples with wavelengths typically 1–3 m but lacking very coarse sand at crests have been encountered by rovers and observed from orbit. These bedforms have no terrestrial counterpart and several hypotheses for origins have been proposed. This work reports results of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) experiments with ANSYS Fluent under terrestrial and Martian boundary layer conditions, using the k − ω SST turbulence model to evaluate shear stress along a topographic profile of large Martian ripples at different boundary layer wind speeds. Results indicate that, compared with Earth conditions: (1) boundary‐layer flow along large ripples under Martian conditions is less turbulent due to higher kinematic viscosity; (2) reverse‐flow vortex regions from crests at ripple lee flanks are larger; and (3) shear stresses at crests of large ripples are relatively low, so ripple flattening is less likely at high wind speeds. These results indicate Martian ripples formed by the saltation impact splash mechanism should be less constrained by shear stress effects limiting growth of exposed ripple crests, because the low‐density Martian atmosphere applies relatively low wind‐related shear stress to ripple surfaces. Other origins for the large Martian ripples are not excluded, however. On Earth, very large ripples with crests unprotected by very coarse grains do not develop due to higher wind‐related shear stresses.
Subpore‐Scale Trapping Mechanisms Following Imbibition: A Microfluidics Investigation of Surface Roughness Effects
Authors: Sun Zhonghao , Mehmani Ayaz , Torres‐Verdín Carlos 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSurface roughness is ubiquitous in subsurface formations due to weathering and diagenesis. Yet micromodel studies of porous media have not sufficiently addressed the impact of pore‐wall roughness on multiphase fluid displacement. We investigate the influence of pore‐wall roughness on capillary trapping by implementing surface roughness into glass micromodels and conducting imbibition experiments. Time‐lapse fluorescence microscopy, micromolding in capillaries, and scanning electron microscopy are used to examine flow behavior during spontaneous and forced imbibition experiments with capillary numbers between 10−6 and 10−4. It is found that surface roughness causes interface pinning and irregular displacement fronts within a single pore, promotes latent pore filling following imbibition, enhances snap‐offs, and contributes to interface relaxation. Furthermore, we verify a cooperative effect between corner flow and surface roughness that causes pore filling to occur at over 10 times the channel width ahead of the main bulk front. Consequently, a significant increase in trapped air saturation of up to 60% is observed, especially at lower capillary numbers and narrower pores. Effects of surface roughness also decrease the rate of spontaneous imbibition, which is slower than the prediction from Washburn's equation. Our results emphasize the importance of surface roughness in building conceptual models for capillary trapping when the ratio of surface roughness‐to‐pore size reaches a critical value of about 0.1. Above this critical threshold value, subpore‐scale trapping mechanisms contribute significantly to capillary trapping, which theoretical and numerical models should consider for accurate quantification of fluid‐transport processes.
Potent synthetic and endogenous ligands for the adopted orphan nuclear receptor Nurr1
Authors: Jang Yongwoo , Kim Woori , Leblanc Pierre , Kim Chun-Hyung , Kim Kwang-Soo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUntil recently, Nurr1 (NR4A2) was known as an orphan nuclear receptor without a canonical ligand-binding domain, featuring instead a narrow and tight cavity for small molecular ligands to bind. In-depth characterization of its ligand-binding pocket revealed that it is highly dynamic, with its structural conformation changing more than twice on the microsecond-to-millisecond timescale. This observation suggests the possibility that certain ligands are able to squeeze into this narrow space, inducing a conformational change to create an accessible cavity. The cocrystallographic structure of Nurr1 bound to endogenous ligands such as prostaglandin E1/A1 and 5,6-dihydroxyindole contributed to clarifying the crucial roles of Nurr1 and opening new avenues for therapeutic interventions for neurodegenerative and/or inflammatory diseases related to Nurr1. This review introduces novel endogenous and synthetic Nurr1 agonists and discusses their potential effects in Nurr1-related diseases.
High-resolution impedance mapping using electrically activated quantitative phase imaging
Authors: Polonschii Cristina , Gheorghiu Mihaela , David Sorin , Gáspár Szilveszter , Melinte Sorin , Majeed Hassaan , Kandel Mikhail E. , Popescu Gabriel , Gheorghiu Eugen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRetrieving electrical impedance maps at the nanoscale rapidly via nondestructive inspection with a high signal-to-noise ratio is an unmet need, likely to impact various applications from biomedicine to energy conversion. In this study, we develop a multimodal functional imaging instrument that is characterized by the dual capability of impedance mapping and phase quantitation, high spatial resolution, and low temporal noise. To achieve this, we advance a quantitative phase imaging system, referred to as epi-magnified image spatial spectrum microscopy combined with electrical actuation, to provide complementary maps of the optical path and electrical impedance. We demonstrate our system with high-resolution maps of optical path differences and electrical impedance variations that can distinguish nanosized, semi-transparent, structured coatings involving two materials with relatively similar electrical properties. We map heterogeneous interfaces corresponding to an indium tin oxide layer exposed by holes with diameters as small as ~550 nm in a titanium (dioxide) over-layer deposited on a glass support. We show that electrical modulation during the phase imaging of a macro-electrode is decisive for retrieving electrical impedance distributions with submicron spatial resolution and beyond the limitations of electrode-based technologies (surface or scanning technologies). The findings, which are substantiated by a theoretical model that fits the experimental data very well enable achieving electro-optical maps with high spatial and temporal resolutions. The virtues and limitations of the novel optoelectrochemical method that provides grounds for a wider range of electrically modulated optical methods for measuring the electric field locally are critically discussed.
OCT on a chip aims at high-quality retinal imaging
Authors: Hillmann Dierck 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOptical coherence tomography (OCT) has become one of the most important techniques in ophthalmic diagnostics, as it is the only way to three-dimensionally visualize morphological changes in the layered structure of the retina at a high resolution. In addition, OCT is applied for countless medical and technical purposes. Recent developments pave the way for small-footprint OCT systems at significantly reduced costs, thereby extending possible use cases. Now, it appears increasingly likely that, in the near future, OCT will find its way into many more industrial and medical applications, including disease monitoring at home.
Interspecies metabolite transfer and aggregate formation in a co-culture of Dehalococcoides and Sulfurospirillum dehalogenating tetrachloroethene to ethene
Authors: Kruse Stefan , Türkowsky Dominique , Birkigt Jan , Matturro Bruna , Franke Steffi , Jehmlich Nico , von Bergen Martin , Westermann Martin , Rossetti Simona , Nijenhuis Ivonne , Adrian Lorenz , Diekert Gabriele , Goris Tobias 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Microbial communities involving dehalogenating bacteria assist in bioremediation of areas contaminated with halocarbons. To understand molecular interactions between dehalogenating bacteria, we co-cultured Sulfurospirillum multivorans, dechlorinating tetrachloroethene (PCE) to cis−1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE), and Dehalococcoides mccartyi strains BTF08 or 195, dehalogenating PCE to ethene. The co-cultures were cultivated with lactate as electron donor. In co-cultures, the bacterial cells formed aggregates and D. mccartyi established an unusual, barrel-like morphology. An extracellular matrix surrounding bacterial cells in the aggregates enhanced cell-to-cell contact. PCE was dehalogenated to ethene at least three times faster in the co-culture. The dehalogenation was carried out via PceA of S. multivorans, and PteA (a recently described PCE dehalogenase) and VcrA of D. mccartyi BTF08, as supported by protein abundance. The co-culture was not dependent on exogenous hydrogen and acetate, suggesting a syntrophic relationship in which the obligate hydrogen consumer D. mccartyi consumes hydrogen and acetate produced by S. multivorans. The cobamide cofactor of the reductive dehalogenase—mandatory for D. mccartyi—was also produced by S. multivorans. D. mccartyi strain 195 dechlorinated cDCE in the presence of norpseudo-B12 produced by S. multivorans, but D. mccartyi strain BTF08 depended on an exogenous lower cobamide ligand. This observation is important for bioremediation, since cofactor supply in the environment might be a limiting factor for PCE dehalogenation to ethene, described for D. mccartyi exclusively. The findings from this co-culture give new insights into aggregate formation and the physiology of D. mccartyi within a bacterial community.
Clustering suicidal phenotypes and genetic associations with brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with substance use disorders
Authors: Icick Romain , Bloch Vanessa , Prince Nathalie , Karsinti Emily , Lépine Jean-Pierre , Laplanche Jean-Louis , Mouly Stéphane , Marie-Claire Cynthia , Brousse Georges , Bellivier Frank , Vorspan Florence 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSuicide attempts (SA), especially recurrent SA or serious SA, are common in substance use disorders (SUD). However, the genetic component of SA in SUD samples remains unclear. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) alleles and levels have been repeatedly involved in stress-related psychopathology. This investigation uses a within-cases study of BDNF and associated factors in three suicidal phenotypes (‘any’, ‘recurrent’, and ‘serious’) of outpatients seeking treatment for opiate and/or cocaine use disorder. Phenotypic characterization was ascertained using a semi-structured interview. After thorough quality control, 98 SNPs of BDNF and associated factors (the BDNF pathway) were extracted from whole-genome data, leaving 411 patients of Caucasian ancestry, who had reliable data regarding their SA history. Binary and multinomial regression with the three suicidal phenotypes were further performed to adjust for possible confounders, along with hierarchical clustering and compared to controls (N = 2504). Bayesian analyses were conducted to detect pleiotropy across the suicidal phenotypes. Among 154 (37%) ever suicide attempters, 104 (68%) reported at least one serious SA and 96 (57%) two SA or more. The median number of non-tobacco SUDs was three. The BDNF gene remained associated with lifetime SA in SNP-based (rs7934165, rs10835210) and gene-based tests within the clinical sample. rs10835210 clustered with serious SA. Bayesian analysis identified genetic correlation between ‘any’ and ‘serious’ SA regarding rs7934165. Despite limitations, ‘serious’ SA was shown to share both clinical and genetic risk factors of SA—not otherwise specified, suggesting a shared BDNF-related pathophysiology of SA in this population with multiple SUDs.