Enhancing employee engagement and retention: the critical role of psychological safety in the onboarding process
Authors: Hartley Morgan 
Published: December 2024

Purpose
Psychological safety plays a pivotal role in the employee onboarding process, significantly impacting engagement, retention and organizational culture. This paper explores how fostering a psychologically safe environment for new hires can improve their experience and enhance organizational outcomes. Psychological safety, defined as the ability to express ideas, ask questions and raise concerns without fear of negative consequences, creates a foundation for open communication and trust. By integrating psychological safety into onboarding programs, organizations can ensure that employees feel supported from day one, which leads to stronger engagement and long-term retention. The paper outlines several strategies HR professionals can implement to cultivate psychological safety during onboarding, such as setting clear expectations, encouraging open dialogue and providing continuous feedback and support throughout the first 90 days. In addition, the research highlights the importance of mentorship programs and regular check-ins to build trust and promote inclusion. Case studies and literature are used to demonstrate the positive impact of psychological safety on organizational culture, collaboration and employee development. Ultimately, this paper argues that psychological safety is a critical factor in successful onboarding programs, fostering a more inclusive, engaged and productive workforce. By prioritizing psychological safety, organizations can not only support new employees but also enhance overall organizational effectiveness.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses a literature review methodology, drawing on existing research and case studies to examine the role of psychological safety in employee onboarding. Key theories, such as psychological safety, employee engagement and retention, are explored through a review of peer-reviewed journal articles and organizational studies. The paper also integrates insights from real-world organizational practices to provide HR professionals with practical strategies for fostering psychological safety during the onboarding process. The methodology highlights the connection between psychological safety and key organizational outcomes, providing evidence-based recommendations for improving onboarding programs.

Findings
The literature review reveals that integrating psychological safety into the onboarding process significantly enhances employee engagement, retention and overall organizational culture. New hires who experience psychological safety are more likely to feel a sense of belonging, openly communicate and seek feedback without fear of judgment. These behaviors lead to stronger team cohesion and long-term commitment to the organization. Additionally, practical strategies such as clear communication, mentorship and regular feedback during onboarding positively influence new employees’ adjustment and performance, ultimately contributing to improved organizational effectiveness and reduced turnover rates.

Research limitations/implications
This study is limited by its reliance on secondary sources and case studies rather than primary research or empirical data collection. The findings are based on existing literature, which may not account for industry-specific or cultural variations in the implementation of psychological safety. Future research could explore longitudinal studies or direct organizational assessments to validate these findings in different contexts. The implications for HR professionals emphasize the importance of integrating psychological safety into onboarding practices to improve employee engagement and retention, but further research is needed to explore the long-term impact across diverse organizational settings.

Practical implications
HR professionals can apply the findings of this paper by incorporating psychological safety into their onboarding programs to boost employee engagement and retention. Strategies such as setting clear expectations, fostering open communication, assigning mentors and providing continuous feedback during the first 90 days can create a supportive environment for new hires. These practices not only enhance the onboarding experience but also contribute to a more inclusive and collaborative organizational culture. By prioritizing psychological safety, companies can reduce turnover, improve employee performance and cultivate a workplace where individuals feel valued and confident in their roles.

Social implications
Integrating psychological safety into onboarding practices can foster a more inclusive and supportive workplace culture, benefiting both employees and organizations. When new hires feel safe to express themselves and contribute their ideas, it promotes diversity of thought and innovation, ultimately leading to improved problem-solving and creativity. Additionally, a psychologically safe environment enhances employee well-being, job satisfaction and overall morale, which can positively influence team dynamics and community relations. By prioritizing psychological safety, organizations contribute to a healthier work environment that respects individual contributions, supporting broader societal goals of equity and inclusion in the workplace.

Originality/value
This paper highlights the critical yet often overlooked role of psychological safety in the onboarding process, providing a comprehensive synthesis of existing research and practical strategies for HR professionals. It contributes to the literature by bridging the gap between theoretical concepts of psychological safety and their practical application in onboarding, emphasizing the need for organizations to prioritize this aspect for enhanced employee engagement and retention. The findings underscore the value of creating a supportive environment from the start, offering actionable insights that can be implemented across diverse organizational settings to foster a culture of inclusivity and collaboration.