bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the temporal variations of groundwater storage and its interactions with climatic variables using GRACE data and hydrological models: A study from Turkey
Authors: Khorrami Behnam , Gunduz Orhan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMonitoring of the fluctuations of groundwater storage is particularly important in arid and semi‐arid regions where water scarcity brings about various challenges. Remote sensing data and techniques play a preponderant role in developing solutions to environmental problems. The launch of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites has eased the remote monitoring and evaluation of groundwater resources with an unprecedented precision over large scales. Within the scope of the current study, the latest release (RL06) of GRACE mass concentrations (Mascons) from Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) dataset as well as Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) models of Noah and Catchment Land Surface Model (CLSM) were used to provide Groundwater Storage Anomalies (GWSA) over Turkey. The temporal interactions of the estimated GWSA with the climatic variables of precipitation and temperature (derived from the reanalysis datasets of CHELSA [Climatologies at High resolution for the Earth's Land Surface Areas] and FLDAS [the Famine Early Warning Systems Network Land Data Assimilation System], respectively) were investigated statistically. The results suggest that there is a descending trend (from 2003 to 2016) for Terrestrial Water Storage Anomalies (TWSA) and GWSA over Turkey with a total loss of 11 and 6 cm of water, respectively. The statistical analysis results also indicate that the monthly variations of GWSA over Turkey are highly correlated with precipitation and temperature at 2‐month lag. The analysis of the climatology (long‐term) values of monthly GWSA, precipitation and temperature also revealed high agreement between the variables.
Supply flexibility in the shale patch: Evidence from North Dakota
Authors: Bjørnland Hilde C. , Nordvik Frode Martin , Rohrer Maximilian 
Published: February 2021

SummaryThis paper provides new results to the literature, showing that output flexibility in oil production depends on the extraction technology. In particular, constructing a novel well‐level monthly production dataset covering more than 16,000 crude oil wells in North Dakota, we find supply elasticity of shale wells to be positive and in the range of 0.3–0.9, depending on wells and firms characteristics. We find no such responses for conventional wells. We interpret the supply pattern of shale oil wells to be consistent with the Hotelling theory of optimal extraction. Reserves are an inventory, and the decision to produce is an intertemporal choice of when to draw down below‐ground inventory.
PEG That Reaction: A Case Series of Allergy to Polyethylene Glycol
Authors: Cox Fionnuala , Khalib Khairin , Conlon Niall 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPolyethylene glycol (PEG), also known as macrogol, is an excipient in numerous medications, health care products, cosmetics, and foods. It acts as an inert bulking, or stabilizing, agent. Despite its ubiquity, including in 2 of the newly launched vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2, awareness of PEG allergy remains low. We present 6 cases of acute hypersensitivity to PEG. Accurate diagnoses in these cases posed a challenge, and although the triggering agents differed, PEG was demonstrated as the common culprit. All cases were female, with a mean age of 36.4 years. Four patients were originally suspected to have nonsteroid anti‐inflammatory drug allergy, and 2 had a history of chronic spontaneous urticaria and angioedema. Biphasic allergic reactions featured prominently in this case series. Diagnosis relies on a high index of suspicion leading to a focused clinical history, supported by skin tests with PEG solutions to demonstrate sensitization. This case series highlights important clinical features of this rare, potentially serious, and increasingly recognized excipient allergy.
Thiosulphate driven autotrophic denitrification via nitrite using synthetic wastewater
Authors: Statiris Evangelos , Hadjimitsis Evanthis , Noutsopoulos Constantinos , Malamis Simos 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe removal of biological nitrite from wastewater can occur by both heterotrophic and autotrophic bacteria. Autotrophic denitritation can be implemented by using different sulphur forms (e.g., S2−, S0 or S₂O₃2−) as electron donors, and there is no need for organic carbon availability, as is required in heterotrophic denitrification. This work investigated an alternative biochemical pathway for nitrite removal from synthetic wastewater with high nitrite content, using thiosulphate as electron donor. The process was examined for 170 days in three identical 1 L sequencing batch reactors (SBR) that were inoculated with filtrate originating from the aerobic filters of the desulphurization unit of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP).RESULTSThe SBR units were able to remove approximately 98% of the initial nitrite concentration of 70–80 mg N L−1, operating under an HRT of 5d. The batch experiments showed autotrophic denitritation rates (NUR) with average values between 0.91 and 1.50 mg NO₂‐N gVSS−1 h−1 during the whole duration of the experiment, with a remarkable increase on the NUR after the initial lag time of the process, where rates of up to 4.74 mg NO₂‐N gVSS−1 h−1 were measured.CONCLUSIONThe daily monitoring of the three SBR units showed that denitritation via thiosulphate can be effective enough for nitrite removal without carbon source addition. The lag phase of the process, as well as the loss of alkalinity and pH drop during denitritation, are disadvantages that can be counterbalanced with the cost savings resulting from not needing a carbon source addition when treating wastewater with low C/N ratio. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
EUS‐guided hepaticogastrostomy for hepaticojejunostomy stricture using a 22G needle and a mechanical dilator (with video)
Authors: Ogura Takeshi , Ueno Saori , Okuda Atsushi , Nishioka Nobu , Higuchi Kazuhide 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEUS‐guided biliary drainage (EUS‐BD) has been indicated for benign biliary strictures. However, the intrahepatic bile duct is sometimes much narrower in benign biliary strictures. In this situation, puncture of the intrahepatic bile duct using a 19‐G needle is sometimes challenging. Several reports have described attempts at EUS‐BD using a 22‐G needle, but fistula dilation with a 22‐G needle is challenging because the 0.018‐inch guidewire is not stiff enough to perform dilatation. Recently, a thin mechanical dilator has become available. After its insertion into the biliary tract, the 0.018‐inch guidewire can be replaced with a 0.025‐inch guidewire. We herein describe the technical procedure of EUS‐guided hepaticogastrostomy using a 22‐G needle with a thin mechanical dilator.
Does the bowfin gas bladder represent an intermediate stage during the lung‐to‐gas bladder evolutionary transition?
Authors: Funk Emily C. , Birol Eda B. , McCune Amy R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWhether phenotypic evolution occurs gradually through time has prompted the search for intermediate forms between the ancestral and derived states of morphological features, especially when there appears to be a discontinuous origin. The gas bladder, a derived character of the Actinopteri, is a modification of lungs, which characterize the common ancestor of bony vertebrates. While gas bladders and lungs are similar in many ways, the key morphological difference between these organs is the direction of budding from the foregut during development; essentially, the gas bladder buds dorsally and the lungs bud ventrally from the foregut. Did the shift from ventral lungs to dorsal gas bladder transition through a lateral‐budding stage? To answer this question, the precise location of budding during gas bladder development in bowfin, representing the sister lineage to teleosts, has been debated. In the early 20th‐century, it was suggested that the bowfin gas bladder buds laterally from the right wall of the foregut. We used nano‐CT scanning to visualize the early development of the bowfin gas bladder to verify the historical studies of gas bladder developmental morphology and determine whether the direction of gas bladder budding in bowfin could be intermediate between ventrally budding lungs and dorsally budding gas bladders. We found that the bowfin gas bladder buds dorsally from the anterior foregut; however, during early development, the posterior gas bladder twists right. As development progresses, the posterior, right‐hand twist becomes shallower, and the gas bladder itself shifts toward a mid‐dorsal position. The budding site is definitively dorsal, despite the temporary lateral twist of the posterior gas bladder.
Anger displays and integrative behavior among work dyads in teams: A regulatory fit approach
Authors: To March L. , Lam Catherine K. , Janssen Onne , Lin Xiao Song 
Published: February 2021

SummaryAnger has often been portrayed as a destructive social emotion in the literature. However, research conducted with a social functional approach has also revealed the functionality of anger and called for a shift toward understanding the conditions in which anger can have interpersonal utility at work. Given the complicated role and inevitability of anger in work teams, it is important to understand when team members can reap the interpersonal utility of anger and promote adaptive social interactions. Contributing to this approach, we developed a contingency model to postulate when and why anger displays can produce integrative behavior among co‐worker dyads in teams. Drawing on regulatory fit theory we conducted three studies (one laboratory study and two field studies with a round‐robin design) to examine our hypotheses. Results indicated that co‐workers' anger displays were positively related to focal workers' (targets of anger) integrative behavior toward angry co‐workers (expressers) when targets had a high level of prevention focus and perceived a low level of team goal interdependence. As expected, moreover, targets' problem identification with expressers was found to be the mechanism of this conditional relationship. Implications of our research are discussed.
The effect of estrogen‐like compound on rotator cuff tendon healing in a murine model
Authors: Tashjian Robert Z. , Kazmers Nikolas H. , Epperson Richard T. , Honeggar Matthew , Ma Ying , Chalmers Peter N. , Williams Dustin L. , Jurynec Michael J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEstrogen deficiency has been shown to negatively influence rotator cuff tendon healing. Therefore, the addition of an estrogen‐like‐compound (ELC) in a nonestrogen‐deficient animal may improve the quality of a rotator cuff repair. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of an ELC, diethylstilbestrol (DES), on tendon healing in a murine rotator cuff repair model. Thirty‐three male wild‐type mice (C57BL/6NJ) were randomly divided into three study groups. Group 1—unoperated mice with normal rotator cuff tendons. Groups 2 and 3 consisted of surgically repaired rotator cuff tendons; Group 2 (repair‐only) was the standard repair group (no DES injected), whereas Group 3 (repair + DES) was the experimental repair group (injected with DES). Comparing the maximal thickness of calcified fibrocartilage to uncalcified fibrocartilage, the ratios for the control (intact tendon), repair‐only, and repair + DES groups were 2:1, 0.9:1, and 1.7:1. RNA expression data demonstrated upregulation of chondrogenic, angiogenic, and tendon modulation genes in the repair‐ only group compared to the control (intact tendon) group (p < 0.04 for all), and that addition of DES further increased the osteogenic, angiogenic, and tendon modulation gene expression compared to the repair‐only group (p < 0.02). Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that the addition of DES further increased osteogenic, angiogenic, and tendon maturation protein expression at the enthesis compared to standard repairs.
Comparative study of culture, next‐generation sequencing, and immunoassay for identification of pathogen in diabetic foot ulcer
Authors: Lipof Jason Scott , Jones Courtney Marie Cora , Daiss John , Oh Irvin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTreatment of deep musculoskeletal infection (MSKI) begins with accurate identification of the offending pathogen, surgical excision/debridement, and a course of culture‐directed antibiotics. Despite this, the incidence of recurrent infection continues to rise. A major contributor to this is inaccurate or negative initial cultures. Accurate identification of the main pathogen is paramount to treatment success. This is especially important in treating diabetic foot infections (DFIs) with limb salvage efforts. This study seeks to utilize standard culture, next‐generation sequencing (NGS), and immunoassay for newly synthesized antibodies (NSA) to Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae for diagnosis. This is a level II prospective observational study approved by our IRB. Thirty patients > 18 years of age who presented with a DFI and underwent surgical debridement or amputation by a single academic orthopedic surgeon from October 2018 to September 2019 were enrolled. Intraoperative samples were obtained from the base of the wound and sent for culture, NGS, and a peripheral blood sample was obtained at the time of diagnosis. NGS and culture were highly correlated for S. aureus (κ = 0.86) and S. agalactiae (κ = 1.0), NSA immunoassay and culture demonstrated a fair correlation for S. aureus (κ = 0.18) and S. agalactiae (κ = 0.67), and NGS and NSA immunoassay demonstrated fair correlation for S. aureus (κ = 0.1667) and S. agalactiae (κ = 0.67). Our study demonstrates a high concordance between culture and NGS in identifying the dominant pathogen in DFU. NGS may be a useful adjunct in DFI diagnosis.
Antibiotic prescribing at a periodontal residency practice in Connecticut
Authors: McKenna Alexandra M. , Ioannidou Effie , Banach David B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundAntibiotics are important in the treatment of odontogenic infections and the prevention of infection following dental procedures in high‐risk situations. Little is known about antibiotic prescribing in periodontal practice. This study describes prescribing practices by periodontal faculty and residents in an academic setting in order to identify opportunities to optimize prescribing behaviors.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study analyzed all antibiotic prescriptions from residents or faculty in an academic periodontal clinic from 2014‐2017. Information was manually extracted from the electronic health record. Antibiotic prescriptions were stratified into three indication categories: pre‐procedural prophylaxis, post‐procedural prophylaxis, and treatment.ResultsOut of 275 prescriptions analyzed, 266 met inclusion criteria. The most frequent antibiotic indication was post‐procedural prophylaxis (n = 130, 48.87%). Amoxicillin was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic across all groups (n = 236, 88.72%), followed by clindamycin (n = 22, 8.27%). Most patients presented in a non‐emergent setting (n = 200, 75.19%), without pain (n = 210, 78.95%), and had restorative/endodontic‐related clinical findings (n = 55, 20.68%). Among the 35 patients receiving antibiotics for infection treatment, 8 (22.86%) underwent a surgical intervention on the date of antibiotic prescription. Of the 130 patients receiving post‐procedural prophylaxis, 121 (93.08%) received surgical interventions on the day of antibiotic prescription.ConclusionsAntibiotics are prescribed in various situations in periodontal practice, most frequently as post‐procedural prophylaxis, an indication for which data is limited. There is an urgent need to study the role of post‐procedural prophylactic antibiotics and understand antibiotic prescribing in the management of periodontal disease in order to optimize prescribing practices.
Sacral defect reconstruction using a sensate superior gluteal artery perforator flap based on the superior cluneal nerves: A report of two cases
Authors: Iida Takuya , Isozaki Yuki , Numahata Takao , Okazaki Mutsumi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe superior gluteal artery perforator (SGAP) flap is a widely used flap for sacral reconstruction. However, it is non‐sensate flap and sensory loss is one of the most important risk factors for pressure ulcer development and recurrence; therefore, a sensate SGAP flap would be ideal for the reconstruction. Because the upper buttock is innervated by the superior cluneal nerves (SCNs) which originate from Th11 to L4, a sensate SGAP flap based on SCNs is anatomically possible. Herein, we present a novel sensate SGAP flap based on SCNs for reconstruction of sacral defects. Two patients with a sacral defect underwent reconstruction using a sensate SGAP flap (53 and 56 years old, both men). Diagnoses were sacral spindle cell sarcoma and sacral pressure ulcer. The defect sizes were 16 × 13 and 12 × 11 cm. The flap was designed based on the locations of SCNs which are commonly located at 6–8 cm lateral from the midline at the iliac crest. Flap sizes were 16 × 9 and 15 × 13 cm, respectively. The flaps survived completely in both cases. Flap sensation was observed immediately after surgery except in flap margins. However, sensory recovery occurred in these areas as well several months postoperatively. None of the patients developed postoperative pressure ulcers during the follow‐up period of 37 and 13 months. This method may preserve flap sensation and therefore can contribute to reducing the risk of postoperative pressure ulcers and could be a useful option for sacral reconstruction.
Gravity survey and modelling of the Nemocón salt mine, Colombia
Authors: Pearse Jillian , Cárdenas Contreras Andrés , Barrera Lopez Carol Vanessa , Castillo Ruiz Nataly , Martínez Gómez Henry , Tary Jean Baptiste 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTA gravity survey was conducted at a salt mine in Nemocón, Cundinamarca, Colombia, located in the axial part of the Eastern Cordillera of the northern Andes. This part of the Eastern Cordillera is characterized by successions of synclines and anticlines sometimes containing salt bodies at their core, and the mine is located at the top of one of these anticlines called the Nemocón anticline. As is typical for salt and other mines in Colombia, very little data on the internal structure and geology are publicly available. The purpose of our study is to show how gravity data and modelling can be used to infer near‐surface properties above the mine in the absence of other sources of information. Relative gravity measurements were made over an irregular grid of 107 stations and tied to the Instituto Geográfico Augustin Codazi national absolute gravity network. The total and residual Bouguer anomalies as well as the analytic signal were calculated over the area of the salt body. Using grid data, we first determine the main inversion parameters (e.g., depth weighting) and model resolution using a checkerboard model with the addition of random noise. Then, applying 3D inversion modelling to the residual Bouguer anomaly, we find that the positive and negative anomalies correspond to few zones of positive density contrasts and two main zones of negative density contrasts. Some of the positive anomalies are located above the fault trace putting in contact the Arenisca Dura formation with the Conejo formation containing the salt body. The negative anomalies are not well correlated with the underground position of the salt mine, but some influence of the low‐density ‘rute’ material, consisting of black clays with shaly claystone parts covering the salt body might be important. This study showcases how 3D inverse modelling can provide important information on the near‐surface structure of a salt mine.
Phenotypic variance in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Tan Hui‐Leng , Kaditis Athanasios G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIt is crucial that clinicians understand what underpins the considerable phenotypic variance in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), if they are to implement individually tailored phenotype‐based approaches to diagnosis and management. This review summarizes the current literature on how disease severity, comorbidities, genetic and environmental/lifestyle factors interact to determine the overall OSAS phenotype. The first part discusses the impact of these factors on OSAS‐related morbidity in the context of otherwise healthy children, whilst the second half details children with complex conditions, particularly focusing on the anatomical and functional abnormalities predisposing to upper airway obstruction unique to each condition. One can then understand the need for a multidimensional assessment strategy for pediatric OSAS; one that incorporates the history, physical examination, sleep study results, and biomarkers to enable precise stratification, so vital for effective determination of the timing and the nature of the therapeutic interventions required.
Study of the isomeric Maillard degradants, glycosylamine and Amadori rearrangement products, and their differentiation via MS2 fingerprinting from collision‐induced decomposition of protonated ions
Authors: Wang Shaolan , Lin Jinsheng , Li Dan , Huang Tianpei , Zhu Wenquan , Chen Wenbin , Li Min , Shen Weiyang 
Published: February 2021

RationaleThe focus of this work was to study glycosylamine and Amadori rearrangement products (ARPs), the two major degradants in the Maillard reactions of pharmaceutical interest, and utilize their MS2 fingerprints by liquid chromatography/high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC/HRMS2) to quickly distinguish the two isomeric degradants. These two types of degradants are frequently encountered in the compatibility and stability studies of drug products containing primary or secondary amine active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), which are formulated with excipients consisting of reducing sugar functionalities.MethodsVortioxetine was employed as the primary model compound to react with lactose to obtain the glycosylamine and ARP degradants of the Maillard reaction, and their MS2 spectra (MS2 fingerprints) were obtained by LC/MS2. Subsequently, the two degradants were isolated via preparative HPLC and their structures were confirmed by one‐ and two‐dimensional (1D and 2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) determination.ResultsThe MS2 fingerprints of the two degradants display significantly different profiles, despite the fact that many common fragments are observed. Specifically, protonated glycosylamine shows a prominent characteristic fragment of [Mvort + C2H3O]+ at m/z 341 (Mvort is the vortioxetine core), while protonated ARP shows a prominent characteristic fragment of [Mvort + CH]+ at m/z 311. Further study of the Maillard reactions between several other structurally diverse primary/secondary amines and lactose produced similar patterns.ConclusionsThe study suggests that the characteristic MS2 fragment peaks and their ratios may be used to differentiate the glycosylamine and ARP degradants, the two isomeric degradants of the Maillard reaction, which are commonly encountered in finished dosage forms of pharmaceutical products containing primary and secondary amine APIs.