bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies associated with COVID‐19 vaccine coverage among nursing home staff
Authors: Berry Sarah D. , Baier Rosa R. , Syme Maggie , Gouskova Natalia , Bishnoi Courtney , Patel Urvi , Leitson Michael , Gharpure Radhika , Stone Nimalie D. , Link‐Gelles Ruth , Gifford David R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAfter the first of three COVID‐19 vaccination clinics in U.S. nursing homes (NHs), the median vaccination coverage of staff was 37.5%, indicating the need to identify strategies to increase staff coverage. We aimed at comparing the facility‐level activities, policies, incentives, and communication methods associated with higher staff COVID‐19 vaccination coverage.MethodsDesign. Case–control analysis.Setting. Nationally stratified random sample of 1338 U.S. NHs participating in the Pharmacy Partnership for Long‐Term Care Program.Participants. Nursing home leadership.Measurement. During February 4–March 2, 2021, we surveyed NHs with low (<35%), medium (40%–60%), and high (>75%) staff vaccination coverage, to collect information on facility strategies used to encourage staff vaccination. Cases were respondents with medium and high vaccination coverage, whereas controls were respondents with low coverage. We used logistic regression modeling, adjusted for county and NH characteristics, to identify strategies associated with facility‐level vaccination coverage.ResultsWe obtained responses from 413 of 1338 NHs (30.9%). Compared with facilities with lower staff vaccination coverage, facilities with medium or high coverage were more likely to have designated frontline staff champions (medium: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.6, 95% CI 1.3–10.3; high: aOR 2.9, 95% CI 1.1–7.7) and set vaccination goals (medium: aOR 2.4, 95% 1.0–5.5; high: aOR 3.7, 95% CI 1.6–8.3). NHs with high vaccination coverage were more likely to have given vaccinated staff rewards such as T‐shirts compared with NHs with low coverage (aOR 3.8, 95% CI 1.3–11.0). Use of multiple strategies was associated with greater likelihood of facilities having medium or high vaccination coverage: For example, facilities that used ≥9 strategies were three times more likely to have high staff vaccination coverage than facilities using <6 strategies (aOR 3.3, 95% CI 1.2–8.9).ConclusionsUse of designated champions, setting targets, and use of non‐monetary awards were associated with high NH staff COVID‐19 vaccination coverage.
Natural alleles of a uridine 5ʹ‐diphospho‐glucosyltransferase gene responsible for differential endosperm development between upland rice and paddy rice
Authors: Wu Zihao , Zhang Xiao , Chang Guimei , Yang Jun , Wan Jinpeng , Wang Feijun , Tao Dayun , Zhou Jiawu , Shang Lianguang , Xu Peng , Yu Diqiu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTraditional upland rice generally exhibits insufficient grains resulting from abnormal endosperm development compared to paddy rice. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of this trait is poorly understood. Here, we cloned the uridine 5ʹ‐diphospho (UDP)‐glucosyltransferase gene EDR1 (Endosperm Development in Rice) responsible for differential endosperm development between upland rice and paddy rice by performing quantitative trait loci analysis and map‐based cloning. EDR1 was highly expressed in developing seeds during grain filling. Natural variations in EDR1 significantly reduced the UDP‐glucosyltransferase activity of EDR1YZN compared to EDR1YD1, resulting in abnormal endosperm development in the near‐isogenic line, accompanied by insufficient grains and changes in grain quality. By analyzing the distribution of the two alleles EDR1YD1 and EDR1YZN among diverse paddy rice and upland rice varieties, we discovered that EDR1 was conserved in upland rice, but segregated in paddy rice. Further analyses of grain chalkiness in the alleles of EDR1YD1 and EDR1YZN varieties indicated that rice varieties harboring EDR1YZN and EDR1YD1 preferentially showed high chalkiness, and low chalkiness, respectively. Taken together, these results suggest that the UDP‐glucosyltransferase gene EDR1 is an important determinant controlling differential endosperm development between upland rice and paddy rice.
Couple and family interventions for high mortality health conditions: A strategic review (2010–2019)
Authors: Lamson Angela L. , Hodgson Jennifer L. , Pratt Keeley J. , Mendenhall Tai J. , Wong Alison G. , Sesemann Erin M. , Brown Braden J. , Taylor Erika S. , Williams‐Reade Jacqueline M. , Blocker Daniel J. , Harsh Caspari Jennifer , Zubatsky Max , Martin Matthew P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe earliest publications in the field of marriage and family therapy introduced interventions conducted with families experiencing complex health conditions. This strategic review captures an evaluation of efficacy for 87 couple and family interventions published between 2010 and 2019 with a focus on the leading causes of mortality in the United States. These health conditions include chromosomal anomalies and accidents with infants aged 0–4 years; accidents and cancer among children aged 5–14; accidents among adolescents aged 15–24; and heart disease, cancer, accidents, chronic lower respiratory diseases, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, influenza/pneumonia, and nephritis/nephrosis among adults 25 and older. Results support the need for greater inclusion of couples and families in assessments and interventions. The greatest chasm in efficacy research was with minoritized couples and families. Implications include ways to initiate couple and family interventions in the context of health conditions with attention given to accessibility, recruitment, retention, and evaluation.
Nurses’ experiences of emergency department triage during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Indonesia
Authors: Mulyadi Mulyadi , Dedi Blacius , Hou Wen‐Li , Huang I‐Chin , Lee Bih‐O 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeTo explore the experiences of nurses working in emergency departments in selecting and triaging patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic.DesignDescriptive phenomenology was applied in this study.MethodsData were collected from nurses working at hospitals in Indonesia using snowball sampling and telephone interviews. A total of 10 emergency nurses participated, and Colaizzi's method of data analysis was applied.FindingsSix themes and 10 subthemes emerged. The main themes were “extreme challenges in triage,” “feeling of responsibility under uncontrolled spread and infection,” “physical and psychological exhaustion,” “discovering strategies under difficult circumstances,” “looking for positive reinforcement,” and “optimism in togetherness.” Nurses had to deal with the challenge of COVID‐19 in the ED triage, interestingly so, the nurses they have shown the development of professional responsibility. Nurses are also experienced in finding patient selection and triage strategies and the sense of optimism that may influence strategy and practice during the COVID‐19 pandemic.ConclusionsThis findings identify nurses’ experiences in dealing with the extreme challenges of emergency department triage as well as their associated strategies and optimism.Clinical relevanceProviding support to emergency nurses, improving emergency department triage, and community empowerment are suggested as strategies to improve nursing care during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
The combined effect of psychological and social capital in registered nurses experiencing second victimization: A structural equation model
Authors: (Terri) Hinkley Teresa‐Lynn 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study examined the combined role psychological capital and social capital play in the severity of second victim syndrome experienced by registered nurses.DesignThis research study was an ex post facto, cross‐sectional, non‐experimental survey design. Data were collected from October to December 2018. The study sample was composed of 1167 nurses recruited through 12 professional nursing associations in the United States.MethodsSelf‐report questionnaires were administered to measure psychological capital (Psychological Capital Questionnaire), social capital (Social Capital Outcomes for Nurses) and second victim syndrome (Second Victim Experience and Support Tool). Data cleaning and analysis of 1167 cases were conducted via SPSS v25 and structural equation modeling of 999 cases was conducted with AMOS v25.FindingsThe SEM analysis demonstrated that psychological capital, on its own, had no effect on the severity of the second victim experience. Social capital, on its own, had a statistically significant relationship with second victim severity. The combined impact of social capital and psychological capital had a statistically significant effect on second victim severity.ConclusionsThe results of this study have practical implications that include unit‐based peer support programs and an increased focus on supportive workplace cultures. Programmatic efforts should also focus on social capital at the team level as well as the importance of building self‐efficacy through increasing mastery experiences, modeling of behavior, social persuasion and monitoring one's physiological responses.Clinical relevanceThese findings demonstrate the importance of social capital to mitigation of second victim experiences, while also demonstrating that psychological capital has no effect on second victim severity. Building social capital and collective efficacy are critical to mitigation of second victim syndrome.
Skin injuries associated with severe life‐threatening situations: A new conceptual framework
Authors: García‐Fernández Francisco Pedro , Soldevilla‐Agreda J. Javier , Rodriguez‐Palma Manuel , Pancorbo‐Hidalgo Pedro L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeTo create a conceptual framework for skin injuries developing in patients whose lives are severely compromised or who are expected to die within a short period of time. To name and classify these types of skin injuries. To describe the clinical features of the different types of skin injuries that may occur in terminally ill and/or dying patients.DesignA sequential design with several different phases (a literature review, a nominal group, and a consensus conference) was used.MethodsSix experts with extensive knowledge of these types of injuries were selected for the nominal group. The traditional eight‐phase nominal group technique was followed. The consensus conference consisted of participants voting on different options based on the statements elaborated with the expert panel summarizing the best scientific evidence available.FindingsUsing all these elements, a conceptual framework was constructed to identify skin injuries associated with severe life‐threatening situations (SI‐SLTSs), defined as unpredictable and therefore unpreventable injuries indicating a serious threat to life or even imminent death. These injuries can occur in two forms: (a) as skin injuries associated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (SI‐MODSs) or (b) as skin injuries associated with severe vasoconstriction (SI‐ESVs). SI‐MODSs develop very quickly and suddenly. They progress from superficial to deep stages abruptly, even within hours. The severity of the injuries does not reflect the care provided to the patient. Individuals suffering from these injuries have an irreversible clinical condition. SI‐ESVs also appear in individuals who are in a very critical, even terminal, clinical condition. They are frequently treated in the ICU and may exhibit severe vasoconstriction due to their disease process (e.g., shock), sometimes exacerbated by vasoconstriction caused by various drugs (e.g., noradrenaline).ConclusionsWe have developed a conceptual framework for skin injuries developing in patients whose lives are severely compromised or who are expected to die within a short period of time and have named them SI‐SLTSs, distinguishing between SI‐MODSs and SI‐ESVs.Clinical relevanceThis new conceptual framework may help clinicians understand the mechanisms and the pathophysiology of skin injuries that develop in terminally ill and/or dying patients associated with multi‐organ failure. Through this new framework these injuries can be identified and differentiated from pressure injuries or other dependence‐related skin lesions.
Development of a web‐based discharge education intervention to improve the postdischarge recovery of general surgical patients
Authors: Kang Evelyn , Gillespie Brigid M. , Tobiano Georgia , Chaboyer Wendy 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative complications contribute to unplanned hospital readmissions, reoperations, and increased mortality for surgical patients. Discharge education for general surgical patients is often inadequate, and challenged by organizational, clinician and patient factors.PurposeThis research describes the development of the web‐based discharge education intervention to improve patients’ knowledge, skills, and confidence in self‐managing their recovery after general surgery.MethodsThe intervention was informed by the UK Medical Research Council guidance for developing and evaluating complex interventions and Knowledge‐to‐Action framework, consisting of four iterative stages. Stakeholder engagement was undertaken throughout the development process and a logic model was utilized to map the working mechanism of the intervention. The concept of patient activation and Knowles adult learning theory underpinned the development process.ResultsThe literature review and stakeholders’ engagement in qualitative interviews and a series of meetings resulted in a web‐based discharge education program with three different components: (1) post general surgery warning signs; (2) post general surgery everyday care instructions; and (3) animation video on wound potential wound complications.ConclusionThe web‐based discharge education was developed according to the needs and preferences of healthcare providers and general surgical patients. Despite the rigorous and systematic approach used to develop the intervention, its effectiveness requires testing.Clinical relevanceThis comprehensive iterative approach serves as a guide for others planning web‐based interventions designed for surgical patients and the research approach used may inform those developing web‐based interventions for other patient groups.
Interleukin‐17A gene single nucleotide polymorphism and its relation to fungal growth in psoriatic patients: A preliminary study
Authors: Sanad Eman M. K. , Nazmy Nader N. , Abd‐El Hamid El Sayed Rasha , Hamed Ahmed M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough dysbiosis and the role of the microbiome in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases have been intensively investigated, fungal colonization or infection has received minimal attention.AimsTo isolate and identify different fungal species namely Candida, Dermatophytes, Malassezia, and Aspergillus from plaque psoriasis patients, evaluate the association of IL‐17A gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with psoriasis, and to reveal the relation between IL‐17A gene SNPs and the fungal presence within the psoriatic plaques.Patients/MethodsFifty plaque psoriasis patients and fifty healthy age and sex volunteers as controls were enrolled in this study. From psoriatic plaques, mycological isolation was done by direct microscopic examination (10% KOH mount), culture onto the three sets of media then species identification by phenotypic procedures. Genomic DNA extraction and genotyping for IL‐17A (rs10484879) SNPs using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism were also done.ResultsPsoriasis cases showed higher frequency of fungal growth 86% vs. 14% in controls; (p < 0.001). The frequency of IL‐17A GA, AA, and total polymorphism (GA+AA) genotypes in psoriasis cases was significantly higher than in controls. There was non‐significant association between different IL‐17A genotypes and fungal growth except Aspergillus flavus, which decreased gradually with GG, GA, and AA (37.5%, 20.8%, and 0%, respectively).ConclusionsPsoriasis cases are significantly associated with fungal growth, which may be a contributing factor in its pathogenesis. SNPs of IL‐17A (rs10484879) G/A gene led to increased susceptibility toward pathogenesis of psoriasis. Fungal growth and IL‐17A GA+AA genotypes are suggested to be independent predictors of psoriasis susceptibility.
Skin biophysical assessments of four types of soaps by forearm in‐use test
Authors: Khosrowpour Zeynab , Ahmad Nasrollahi Saman , Samadi Aniseh , Ayatollahi Azin , Shamsipour Mansour , Rajabi‐Esterabadi Ali , Yadangi Somayeh , Firooz Alireza 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhile soaps are the most commonly used cleansing agents for human skin, they also damage the epidermal barrier and potentially increase the risk of disorders such as contact dermatitis.AimsThis study set out to compare the potential skin irritancy of four types of soaps and their effects on the skin barrier function and biophysical parameters.MethodsIn a nonblinded comparative study, three types of soaps (alkaline, creamy, and glycerin soaps), and a syndet were applied to four different groups of 15 healthy subjects. Subjects washed their left forearm with the respective soap at home at least four times a day for seven days. Biophysical skin parameters, including transepidermal water loss (TEWL), erythema, friction, and pH, were measured at various time points using the Cutometer®MPA 580.ResultsAfter the first wash, a significant increase in TEWL was observed for all groups compared to the pre‐intervention period. For the alkaline soap, a substantial increase in pH was observed at all time points compared to the baseline. Syndet, the only acidic soap in this study, showed a significant decrease in pH at the last time compared to all time points. The mean value of erythema was significantly higher in alkaline soap users than glycerin and creamy soap users.ConclusionOur study showed that alkaline‐based soaps could cause erythema and increase TEWL and skin pH due to their strong cleansing action, and the addition of compounds such as glycerin can modify these effects. A newer generation of soap containing a mild surfactant such as syndets causes less skin damage.
The mirror and obesity: A systematic review on the effects of mirror exposure on behaviour and obese individuals
Authors: Omondi Harriet , Freysteinson Wyonna 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo review the literature regarding the effects of mirror exposure on behaviour and obese patients. The review explored how mirror exposure influences behaviour in obese patients in terms of activity level, psychology and eating habits.BackgroundObesity is a major epidemic that affects people worldwide but is more predominant in the Western world. Many health issues are directly linked to obesity, and current therapies have failed to provide a sustainable resolution to this problem. Mirror exposure has been used in eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia and binge eating; however, there exists a gap in the use of mirrors in obese patients. The literature review focuses on the effects of mirror exposure on behaviour and obese patients.MethodA literature review of articles published between 2006 and 2020 related to mirror exposure in obese patients and the related effects.ResultsLiterature that explicitly discussed mirror exposure in obese patients was included; five research articles were reviewed.ConclusionsMirror exposure can influence behaviour modification in obese patients. Therefore, the use of mirrors should be considered as an adjunct therapy in this group of patients.Relevance to clinical practiceMirror exposure can positively alter behaviour in obese patients and can be used as an intervention in clinical practice to assist in weight loss and improve health outcomes.
Familism among Latino/a adolescents: Evidence from time‐use data
Authors: Ackert Elizabeth , Wikle Jocelyn S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined differences in time with family among Latino/a, White, and Black youth and variation among Latino/a youth by gender and immigrant household status.BackgroundFamilismo and differences in socio‐structural characteristics suggest that Latino/a youth will spend more time with family than White and Black peers. Gender socialization norms, especially marianismo, could also promote family time for Latina girls. Finally, theories of immigrant incorporation suggest that Latino/a family time will be highest in immigrant households.MethodThis study used the nationally representative American Time Use Survey (2003–2019) to analyze household family contact patterns among Latino/a, White, and Black youth (ages 15–18; n = 9501). The study further examined differences by gender and, among Latinos/as, by immigrant household status.ResultsLatino/a youth spent more time with siblings than White and Black peers due to a higher number of siblings in the household. Latina girls spent substantially more unadjusted and adjusted time with parents and siblings than White and Black girls and Latino boys. There was little variation in family time patterns among Latinos/as by gender‐by‐immigrant household status.ConclusionFamily contact patterns suggest that both familismo and marianismo are salient in the lives of Latino/a youth, which has key implications for these youths' lives and transitions to adulthood.
Penetration by Botryosphaeriaceae species in avocado, guava and persimmon fruit during postharvest
Authors: Navarro Barbara Ludwig , Edwards Molina Juan Pablo , Nogueira Júnior Antonio Fernandes 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBotryosphaeriaceae species have a wide host range and a worldwide distribution. These fungal species can colonize several plant organs, such as the trunk, leaves and fruit. Some Botryosphaeriaceae species cause important diseases on persimmon, avocado and guava fruit. However, there is a lack of information regarding the mechanisms of penetration by Botryosphaeriaceae species on these tropical and subtropical fruits. This study aimed to better understand the mechanisms involved in fungal penetration, host specificity and aggressiveness of Botryosphaeria dothidea, Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae and Neofusicoccum parvum on avocado (Persea americana), guava (Psidium guajava) and persimmon (Diospyros kaki) fruit. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image analysis showed that in avocado fruit, the three studied Botryosphaeriaceae species penetrated through lenticels. In guava fruit, penetration through stomata was verified for Botryosphaeria dothidea and Neofusicoccum parvum. In persimmon fruit, an appressoria‐like structure was observed for B. dothidea, which suggests direct penetration. Disease incidence in wounded fruit was 24% higher than in non‐wounded fruit. L. pseudotheobromae and N. parvum showed differences in aggressiveness in guava fruit. The longest incubation period was observed for N. parvum inoculated on guava, with an average of 4.5 days, and the shortest incubation period was verified for B. dothidea inoculated on avocado, with an average of 2.8 days. The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) did not differ between Botryosphaeriaceae species on avocado, whereas on guava and persimmon fruit, the AUDPC was lower for B. dothidea. The information regarding penetration mechanisms and aggressiveness is important to improve postharvest disease control strategies.