bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
مكافحة الأعمال الإرهابية في القانون الاتحادي رقم 7 لسنة 2014
Authors: الجسمي نوف 
Published: December 2021

نظراً لأهمية المواجهة القانونية للأعمال الإرهابية ومكافحتها، ولأنها تقع بالضرر على المجتمع ومواطنيه، فقد ضمّنت العديد من الدول تشريعاتها استراتيجية متعلقة بمكافحة الأعمال الإرهابية رغبةً منها في حماية مصالحها في الداخل والخارج، لذلك قامت دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة بإصدار مرسوم بقانون رقم 1 لسنة 2004م بشأن مكافحة هذه الظاهرة الإرهابية، وتلاها إصدار القانون الإتحادي رقم 7 لسنة 2014م بشأن مكافحة الجرائم الإرهابية.
وهنا يثور سؤال حول ماهية الاستراتيجية التي اتبعها المشرع الاتحادي لمكافحة الأعمال الإرهابية والتي تتجلى أهميتها في موقف المشرع الاتحادي من مشكلة الإرهاب بدراسة القانون الاتحادي رقم 7 لسنة 2014م، ولمعرفة ذلك فقد تم تقسيم الدراسة إلى ثلاثة مباحث رئيسة، يناقش المبحث الأول المسؤولية الجنائية عن الجريمة الإرهابية في القانون الاتحادي، بينما يتناول المبحث الثاني السياسة العقابية للمشرع الاتحادي في مواجهة الجريمة الإرهابية، وأخيراً يتناول المبحث الثالث القواعد الإجرائية للتصدي للجريمة الإرهابية في القانون الاتحادي.
حدود الرقابة البرلمانية على الهيئات الإدارية اللامركزية "دراسة مقارنة"
Authors: القيسي نذير 
Published: December 2021

أقرَّ دستور العراق النافذ لسنة 2005 وقانون المحافظات غير المنتظمة في إقليم رقم (21) لسنة 2008 المعدل نظام اللامركزية لإدارة المحافظات غير المنتظمة في إقليم، إلا أن المشرع العراقي انتهج مسلكاً مغايراً لما سارت عليه دول العالم التي تأخذ بنظام اللامركزية الإدارية مما أثار العديد من الإشكالات القانونية.
وقد هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تسليط الضوء على البنيان القانوني للرقابة على الهيئات الإدارية اللامركزية وبيان الإشكالية الرئيسة المتمثلة بوجود حالة من الغموض والتناقض في التشريعات الناظمة لرقابة البرلمان على الهيئات الإدارية اللامركزية.
وخلصت هذه الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج أهمها أن الأسس التي اعتمدها المشرع العراقي لتطبيق نظام اللامركزية الإدارية قد شابها العديد من السلبيات والعيوب، كما أن بعض الاختصاصات التي حددها المشرع لمجلس النواب يمثل خروجاً عن المهام الأصلية للبرلمان فضلاً عن تداخل هذا الاختصاص مع اختصاص السلطة القضائية.
كما توصنا إلى بعض التوصيات أهمها ضرورة قيام المشرع العراقي بتفعيل الرقابة الإدارية للهيئات المركزية على الهيئات المحلية، مع وضع آليات محددة للرقابة البرلمانية تتلاءم مع الدور الرقابي الأساسي للبرلمان ولا تتعارض مع اختصاص الجهات الرقابية الأخرى.
The chromian spinels of the Lyavaraka ultrabasic complex, Serpentinite Belt, Kola Peninsula, Russia: Patterns of zoning, hypermagnesian compositions, and early oxidation
Authors: Barkov Andrei Y. , Nikiforov Andrey A. , Korolyuk Vladimir N. , Barkova Larisa P. , Martin Robert F. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTThe maximum value of Mg# [= 100Mg/(Mg + Fe2+ + Mn)] in chromium-bearing spinel-group minerals (Chr) in the Ultrabasic Core Zone (UCZ) of the Lyavaraka orthopyroxenite – harzburgite – dunite complex of the Serpentinite Belt in the Kola Peninsula is 54.5–67.5. Such highly magnesian compositions of spinel are associated with notable enrichments of ferric iron (Fe3+# 58–63). There are two generations of accessory Chr in the UCZ unit. The first generation occurs as inclusions in olivine that is not unusually magnesian (Mg# 90.3), and the second is closely associated with serpentine. The compositional series of Chr at Lyavaraka attains more aluminous compositions than was observed in nearby intrusive bodies. The anomalously high level of Mg in Chr, also manifest in ilmenite, is mainly a result of the high intrinsic fugacity of oxygen attained locally in the melt. A progressive buildup in H2O and increase in fO2 likely resulted from efficient vesiculation and selective loss of H2 from the Al-undepleted komatiitic magma crystallizing in a shallow setting. The chromian spinel forming in such a modified magma is virtually unzoned in Mn, and a minor quantity of Mn is also present in olivine and orthopyroxene. In contrast, zinc is strongly partitioned in the core of Chr, as it is relatively incompatible in the coexisting olivine and orthopyroxene at that stage. Zinc efficiently partitioned into the H2O-enriched melt, which crystallized as the pegmatitic orthopyroxenite near the contacts at Lyavaraka. A high potential of oxidation appears to be characteristic of all orthopyroxenite – harzburgite – dunite suites of the Serpentinite Belt formed from a primitive melt of komatiitic composition.
Distribution of sulfides and PGE minerals in the picritic and taxitic gabbro-dolerites of the Norilsk 1 intrusion
Authors: Tolstykh Nadezhda , Garcia Jonathan , Shvedov Gennadiy 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Disseminated ores in the Norilsk 1 intrusion were studied to elucidate the typomorphic features of sulfides and noble metal mineralizations in picritic and taxitic (or lower olivine) gabbro-dolerites. The former are characterized by the development of a low-sulfur sulfide association (troilite, Fe-rich pentlandite, talnakhite, chalcocite, native copper) while the latter exhibits a high-sulfur association (monoclinic pyrrhotite, Ni-rich pentlandite, pyrite, heazlewoodite). The contact between these types of rocks is geochemically and mineralogically contrasting. The mineralogical and geochemical zoning directed from the roof to the base of each layer is expressed by an increase in the Cu content (and chalcopyrite) in ores, an increase in the concentration of Ni in pentlandite and S in pyrrhotite in line with a decrease of the crystallization temperature, and an increase in sulfur fugacity in the same direction. Zoning of Pd(Pt) mineralization in picritic and taxitic (olivine) gabbro-dolerites is uniform and characterized by the distribution of Pd-Sn compounds in the upper parts (together with Pd-Pb minerals in picritic rocks) and Pd-As compounds in the lower parts of the sections according to a drop in temperature. Such reverse zoning contradicts the typical mechanism of differentiation by fractional crystallization, and possibly suggests a fluid-magmatic nature. Mineralogical and geochemical features in platinum group element-Cu-Ni-bearing rocks are consistent with the idea that different stages of multi-pulse intrusions of mafic-ultramafic magmas with different compositions formed the picritic and taxitic gabbro-dolerites of the Norilsk region.
Effect of Enhydra fluctuans on Kidney Function in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Delfita Rina , Dahelmi Dahelmi , Tjong Djong , Suhatri Suhatri 
Published: December 2021

AIM: The aim of this study was to explore the effect of n-hexane fraction of Enhydra fluctuans aerial on kidney function in alloxan induced diabetic rats. METHODS: Five groups of diabetic Wistar rats were studied: Group 1 was given 0.5% Na-CMC (G0), group 2 was given glibenclamide 0.45 mg/kg (G1), groups 3, 4, and 5 were given a dose of n-hexane fraction 57.03, 114.06, and 171.09 mg/kg respectively. The experiment was completed in 21 days. Blood glucose was estimated on day 0 and day 21 of treatment. Histology of kidney, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was examined. ANOVA was used to evaluate quantitative data, which was then followed by Duncan's new multiple range test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Our results demonstrate that n-hexane fraction dosages of 57.03 mg/kg and 114,06 mg/kg significantly improved blood glucose profile, BUN, and creatinine in diabetic rats. Moreover, the dosage of 57.03 mg/kg is effective to counteract necrosis and fibrosis of kidney cells. CONCLUSION: Our findings revealed that the administration of the n-hexane fraction of E. fluctuans aerial improved the kidney function of diabetic rats, especially at the dosage of 57.03 mg/kg. Therefore, E. fluctuans can be relied upon to be a drug to prevent the development of diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy.
Comprendre et former à l’innovation : détours par la pensée complexe
Authors: Morel Laure , Rault Valérie 
Published: December 2021

Former à l’innovation les nouvelles générations est devenu un enjeu unanimement reconnu. Cependant, force est de constater que les façons de concevoir les référentiels métiers ne sont pas génériques et procèdent trop souvent d’une logique de juxtaposition des compétences. Nous voulons dans cet article, rappeler l’expérience d’une école d’ingénieur, pionnière dans la compréhension et la mise en œuvre de la pensée complexe au sens d’Edgar Morin afin de former non pas à l’innovation mais aux processus innovants dans une approche ouverte et multi acteurs. En effet, rechercher à innover passe par des voies complexes dans la mesure où un projet d’innovation est producteur d’un résultat mais aussi producteur de son processus. Il ne se résume plus au fait de changer les structures, les produits ou les modes de travail, : les modes de raisonnement , les mentalités et les comportements sont impactés. Un détour par la pensée complexe est donc nécessaire.
Factors Influencing the Postrelease Movements of Translocated Fishers: Implications for Translocation Success
Authors: Lewis Jeffrey C. , Happe Patricia J. , Jenkins Kurt J. , Manson David J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLong-distance, postrelease movements of translocated wildlife can be a key factor limiting translocation success. Yet, for many species, we have little or no understanding of factors that influence postrelease movements. Translocations have been important for recovering fisher Pekania pennanti populations across the southern portion of their North American range. However, little is known about the postrelease movements of translocated fishers and how these movements may be influenced by demographic or translocation-process factors. To restore fishers in Washington State, we moved 90 fishers from central British Columbia and released them at nine sites in the Olympic Fisher Recovery Area on the Olympic Peninsula of Washington from 2008 to 2010. We evaluated postrelease movements of 48 fishers to determine both the distance and duration of movements prior to home range establishment. Fishers moved extensively following their release. Multimodel selection indicated a high level of support for the hypothesis that postrelease movements differed by fisher sex and age; whereas, year of release had no apparent effect on movements, and release date had only a marginal influence on movements. Mean distance (±95% CI) from a release site to a home range was greater for adult males (62.0 ± 19.6 km) than for juvenile males (31.4 ± 16.0 km), adult females (30.9 ± 21.1 km), and juvenile females (29.0 ± 13.5 km). Mean number of days from release until home range establishment was similar for the sexes; however, the variance in movement duration was greater for females. Twenty-six of 27 females established home ranges over an 11-mo period (December–October), while 19 of 21 males did so within a 4-mo period (April–July). Mean home range sizes differed between males (128.3 ± 21.1 km2) and females (63.5 ± 9.0 km2) and were among the largest reported for the species. A greater proportion of females (18 of 27; 67%) than males (8 of 21; 38%) established home ranges within or partially within the recovery area. Six females left a previously established home range during the breeding season, presumably to find breeding males. Given the large distances that fishers can move following release, translocation success could be furthered by releasing individuals at fewer sites in the interior of large reintroduction areas to facilitate greater exposure to a recovery area and greater opportunity to interact with conspecifics and potential mates.
Persistence of T Cell and Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Up to 9 Months after Symptom Onset
Authors: Law Jaclyn C , Girard Melanie , Chao Gary Y C , Ward Lesley A , Isho Baweleta , Rathod Bhavisha , Colwill Karen , Li Zhijie , Rini James M , Yue Feng Yun , Mubareka Samira , McGeer Allison J , Ostrowski Mario A , Gommerman Jennifer L , Gingras Anne-Claude , Watts Tania H 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces T cell, B cell, and Ab responses that are detected for several months in recovered individuals. Whether this response resembles a typical respiratory viral infection is a matter of debate. In this study, we followed T cell and Ab responses in 24 mainly nonhospitalized human subjects who had recovered from PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection at two time points (median of 45 and 145 d after symptom onset). Ab responses were detected in 95% of subjects, with a strong correlation between plasma and salivary anti-spike (anti-S) and anti—receptor binding domain IgG, as well as a correlation between circulating T follicular helper cells and the SARS-CoV-2–specific IgG response. T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 peptides were determined using intracellular cytokine staining, activation markers, proliferation, and cytokine secretion. All study subjects had a T cell response to at least one SARS-CoV-2 Ag based on at least one T cell assay. CD4+ responses were largely of the Th1 phenotype, but with a lower ratio of IFN-γ– to IL-2–producing cells and a lower frequency of CD8+:CD4+ T cells than in influenza A virus (IAV)-specific memory responses within the same subjects. Analysis of secreted molecules also revealed a lower ratio of IFN-γ to IL-2 and an altered cytotoxic profile for SARS-CoV-2 S- and nucleocapsid-specific responses compared with IAV-specific responses. These data suggest that the memory T cell phenotype after a single infection with SARS-CoV-2 persists over time, with an altered cytokine and cytotoxicity profile compared with long-term memory to whole IAV within the same subjects.
Trends in College Student-Athlete Mental Health in the National College Health Assessment (NCHA), 2011–2019
Authors: Edwards Brian , Froehle Andrew W. , Fagan Siobhan E. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Context: Recently the athletic training community has paid increased attention to college student-athlete mental health, treatment-seeking, and impacts on athletic and academic performance. Ongoing efforts to better-educate and equip athletic trainers to help student-athletes in this regard should result in improved mental health-related outcomes.
Objective: Examine changes in student-athlete mental health over the past decade compared to non-athlete students.
Design: Cross-sectional study.
Setting: United States colleges and universities.
Patients or Other Participants: Varsity athletes (n=54,479) and non-athlete students (n=448,301) who completed the National College Health Assessment (NCHA) between 2011 and 2019.
Main Outcome Measures: Survey responses (self-report) to questions in five mental health-related domains: symptoms, diagnoses, treatment-seeking, institutional information distribution, and academic impacts.
Results: Student-athletes consistently reported significantly lower symptom and diagnose rates than non-athletes, except for attempted suicide, substance abuse, and eating disorders. Diagnoses increased over time in both groups, but remained lower in athletes. Treatment-seeking and openness to future treatment increased over time in both groups, but remained lower in athletes. Student-athletes received more information on stress reduction, substance abuse, eating disorders, and handling distress/violence than non-athletes. Both groups received information more frequently over time. Athletes reported lower academic impacts, especially for depression and anxiety, but impacts grew over time in both groups. Impacts of injuries and extracurricular activities on academic performance were higher in athletes than in non-athletes.
Conclusions: Athletes reported overall lower levels of symptoms, diagnoses, and academic impacts than non-athletes. While non-athlete rates climbed over the past decade, athletes' rates broadly remained flat or climbed less rapidly. Increasingly positive attitudes toward treatment are encouraging, but the deficit relative to non-athletes remains. Ongoing efforts of athletic trainers to educate athletes and guide them to mental health resources are needed in order to continue (or, better yet, accelerate) the observed positive trends in information dissemination and treatment-seeking.
Rational blood transfusion in elective gynecologic surgeries in a tertiary hospital in the Philippines
Authors: Gamo Nancy Marie S. , Habana Maria Antonia E. 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND:
Blood transfusion plays a vital role in modern health care; however, local studies on the utilization of blood products intra-operatively, especially in elective gynecologic surgeries, are lacking.

OBJECTIVE:
To determine the blood transfusion use during elective gynecologic surgical cases performed at a tertiary hospital in the Philippines. Methods: This retrospective descriptive study included data from patients admitted for elective gynecologic surgeries between January 2019 – December 2019. Pertinent data was gathered from the admission charts, preoperative laboratory results (hemoglobin levels, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time), blood bank records of deposited/donated blood and crossmatched units, anesthesia as well as intra-operative records, and medical charts. All abstracted variable were analyzed and transfusion indices were calculated.

RESULTS:
Majority of the patients who underwent elective surgeries were from the general gynecologic service (60.4%), with abdominal hysterectomies comprising majority of the transfused patients. The calculated crossmatched-to-transfused ratio (C/T ratio) for pRBCs, FFPs, and PCs are 5.1, 7.6, and 19.7; the transfusion indices are 0.57, 0.44, and 0.17, while transfusion probabilities are 28.1%, 10.4%, and 4.2%, respectively. We found a significant association between transfusion status and primary service (p = 0.01), previous pregnancy (p = 0.02), preoperative hemoglobin count (p < 0.01), preoperative hematocrit (p < 0.01), postoperative hemoglobin count (p < 0.01), postoperative hematocrit (p < 0.01), and intra-operative blood loss (p < 0.01).

CONCLUSION:
There is consistent over-ordering of blood products. Primary gynecologic service, previous pregnancy, preoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit, as well as introperative blood loss are factors associated with transfusion status.
Effects of Varicocelectomy on Sleep Quality
Authors: Atac Fatih , Oztekin Unal , Caniklioglu Mehmet , Sari Sercan , Tokpinar Adem , Sonmez Gokhan 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
The relationship between sleep quality and testosterone levels has been known. However, there are no data whether sleep quality and varicocelectomy have a relationship. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of varicocelectomy on sleep quality and testosterone levels.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 39 patients with painful left grade 3 varicocele were included in the study. Visual analog scale, serum testosterone levels, Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) including subparameters of sleep were questioned and recorded preoperatively and postoperatively.

Results:
There was a significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative parameters of both PSQI and subparameters of sleep (P < 0.05). After the operation, 36 (92.3%) patients had remarkable pain relief. Testosterone levels of 32 (82%) patients increased.

Conclusion:
We concluded that a remarkable improvement in sleep quality was provided after varicocelectomy. Furthermore, evaluation of varicocele may be useful in male patients with unexplained sleep disorders.
Symptoms and quality of life at 1-year follow up of patients discharged after an acute COVID-19 episode
Authors: Tessitore Elena , Handgraaf Sandra , Poncet Antoine , Achard Maëlle , Höfer Stefan , Carballo Sebastian , Marti Christophe , Follonier Cédric , Girardin François , Mach François , Carballo David 
Published: December 2021

AIM OF THE STUDY: Patients surviving COVID-19 have been described as being at risk of developing sequelae. We aimed to investigate and elicit persistent symptoms, emotional status and quality-of-life in patients discharged after an acute COVID-19 episode.
METHODS: Patient-reported outcome measures were collected during a telephone interview 30 days and 1 year after discharge. Patients' general health status was evaluated using questions based on their symptoms, emotional status was assessed using the items 9 to 12 of the HeartQoL questionnaire and quality of life was assessed at 1 year through the EQ-5D-5L. In patients with a history of cardiovascular disease, all 14 items of the HeartQoL questionnaire were completed to derive the HeartQoL global score.
RESULTS: Among 687 patients who survived after being hospitalised for COVID-19 at the University Hospitals of Geneva between 26 February and 26 April 2020, 184 (27%) and 165 (24%), respectively, participated in the follow-up at 30 days and 1 year. Of these 184 participants, 62% were male, median age was 58 years and 21% had a past medical history of cardiovascular disease. At one month after discharge, 61% (113/184) of patients presented fatigue and 28% (52/184) dyspnoea. One year after discharge, the main complaints were persistent fatigue in 27% (45/165) of patients, neurological problems in 17% (28/165) and dyspnoea in 14% (23/165). Eight percent (14/184) of patients declared being significantly worried 1 month after discharge and 5% (9/184) feeling depressed. The number of patients reporting being significantly worried or depressed at 1 year was lower. Regarding the quality of life at 1 year, the median EQ-5D-5L visual analogue scale score was 80 (interquartile range 70–90).
CONCLUSIONS: Approximately half of patients reported some symptoms 1 year after discharge following an acute episode of COVID-19. The predominant symptom was persistent fatigue both at 1-month and at 1-year follow-up. Emotional status and quality of life appeared satisfactory.
ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT04384029
PERANAN FAUNA LALAT DALAM BIDANG KESEHATAN DI PASAR TRADISIONAL KABUPATEN SLEMAN, DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Pramitaningrum Intan Kurniawati 
Published: December 2021

Pendahuluan: Lalat merupakan salah satu serangga yang berperan dalam masalah kesehatan sebagai vektor mekanik penyakit. Lalat memiliki kebiasaan hidup di sanitasi buruk seperti pasar. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui gambaran sanitasi pasar tradisional di Kabupaten Sleman, Daetah Istimewa Yogyakarta, mengetahui fauna lalat, hubungan sanitasi pasar dengan parasit usus yang ditemukan pada tubuh lalat, mengetahui hubungan sanitasi pasar dengan parasit usus, mengetahui hubungan kepadatan lalat dengan jumlah pasasit usus dan mengetahui kemampuan lalat sebagai vektor mekanik setelah dipaparkan dengan tinja yang mengandung parasit usus.
Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat obeservasional dan eksperimental. Lalat dikoleksi dari 6 pasar tradisional menggunakan sweep net selama 3 hari dan diperiksa parasit ususnya di Laboratorium Parasitologi UGM. Data dianalisis dengan Fisher’s Exact Test (a=0,05). Pasar Cebongan, P. Sleman dan P. Condongcatur memiliki sanitasi baik, sedangkan P. Gamping, P. Godean dan P. Ngino memiliki sanitasi buruk. Fauna lalat yang ditemukan adalah M. domestica ,C.megacephala dan Sarcophaga spp.
Hasil: Parasit usus tidak ditemukan dari tubuh lalat yang dikoleksi. Kepadatan lalat tidak memiliki hubungan dengan jumlah parasit usus pada tubuh lalat.
Kesimpulan: Lalat M. domestica mampu berperan sebagai vektor mekanik setelah dipaparkan dengan tinja yang mengandung parasit usus.