bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A customizable anthropomorphic phantom for dosimetric verification of 3D‐printed lung, tissue, and bone density materials
Authors: Tino Rance Bolislis , Yeo Adam Unjin , Brandt Milan , Leary Martin , Kron Tomas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeTo design and manufacture a customized thoracic phantom slab utilizing the 3D printing process, also known as additive manufacturing, consisting of different tissue density materials. Here, we demonstrate the 3D‐printed phantom's clinical feasibility for imaging and dosimetric verification of volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) plans for lung and spine stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) through end‐to‐end dosimetric verification.MethodsA customizable anthropomorphic phantom slab was designed using the CT dataset of a commercial phantom (adult female ATOM dosimetry phantom, CIRS Inc.). Material extrusion 3D printing was utilized to manufacture the phantom slab consisting of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene material for the lung and the associated lesion, polylactic acid (PLA) material for soft tissue and spinal cord, and both PLA and iron‐reinforced PLA materials for bone. CT images were acquired for both the commercial phantom and 3D‐printed phantom for HU comparison. VMAT plans were generated for spine and lung SABR scenarios and were delivered as per departmental SABR protocols using a Varian TrueBeam STx linear accelerator. End‐to‐end dosimetry was implemented with radiochromic films, analyzed with gamma criteria of 5% dose difference, and a distance‐to‐agreement of 1 mm, at a 10% low‐dose threshold by comparing with calculated dose using the Acuros algorithm of the Eclipse treatment planning system (v15.6).Results3D‐printed phantom inserts were observed to produce HU ranging from –750 to 2100. The 3D‐printed phantom slab was observed to achieve a similar range of HU from the commercial phantom including a mean HU of –760 for lung tissue, a mean HU of 50 for soft tissue, and a mean HU of 220 and 630 for low‐ and high‐density bone, respectively. Film dosimetry results show 2D‐gamma passing rates for lung SABR (internal and superior) and spine SABR (inferior and superior) over 98% and 90%, respectively.ConclusionsThe end‐to‐end testing of VMAT plans for spine and lung SABR suggests the clinical feasibility of the 3D‐printed phantom, consisting of different tissue density materials that emulate lung, soft tissue, and bone in kV imaging and megavoltage photon dosimetry. Further investigation of the proposed 3D printing techniques for manufacturability and reproducibility will enable the development of clinical 3D‐printed phantoms in radiotherapy.
Adiposity, related biomarkers, and type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes: The Diabetes Prevention Program
Authors: Wander Pandora L. , Christophi Costas A. , Araneta Maria Rosario G. , Boyko Edward J. , Enquobahrie Daniel A. , Dabelea Dana , Goldberg Ronald B. , Kahn Steven E. , Kim Catherine , Pi‐Sunyer Xavier , Knowler William C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated associations of adiposity and adiposity‐related biomarkers with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) among parous women.MethodsAmong women in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) who reported a previous live birth, circulating biomarkers (leptin, adiponectin, sex hormone‐binding globulin, and alanine aminotransferase;n= 1,711) were measured at enrollment (average: 12 years post partum). Visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue areas at the L2‐L3 region and the L3‐L4 region were quantified by computed tomography (n= 477). Overall and stratified (by history of gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM]) adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were fit.ResultsAlanine aminotransferase, L2‐L3 VAT, and L3‐L4 VAT were positively associated (hazard ratio [HR] for 1‐SD increases: 1.073,p= 0.024; 1.251,p= 0.009; 1.272,p= 0.004, respectively), and adiponectin concentration was inversely associated with T2D (HR 0.762,p< 0.001). Whereas leptin concentration was not associated with T2D overall, in GDM‐stratified models, a 1‐SD higher leptin was positively associated with risk of T2D in women without GDM (HR: 1.126,p= 0.016) and inversely in women with a history of GDM (HR: 0.776,p= 0.013, interactionp= 0.002).ConclusionsAmong parous women, alanine aminotransferase and VAT are positively associated with incident T2D, whereas adiponectin is inversely associated. Leptin is associated with higher risk of T2D in women with a history of GDM but a lower risk in women without a history of GDM.
Proteome‐wide associations with short‐ and long‐term weight loss and regain after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass surgery
Authors: Yousri Noha A. , Engelke Rudolf , Sarwath Hina , McKinlay Rodrick D. , Simper Steven C. , Adams Ted D. , Schmidt Frank , Suhre Karsten , Hunt Steven C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveGastric bypass surgery results in long‐term weight loss. Small studies have examined protein changes during rapid weight loss (up to 1 or 2 years post surgery). This study tested whether short‐term changes were maintained after 12 years.MethodsA 12‐year follow‐up, protein‐wide association study of 1,297 SomaLogic aptamer‐based plasma proteins compared short‐ (2‐year) and long‐term (12‐year) protein changes in 234 individuals who had gastric bypass surgery with 144 nonintervened individuals with severe obesity.ResultsThere were 51 replicated 12‐year protein changes that differed between the surgery and nonsurgery groups. Adjusting for change in BMI, only 12 proteins remained significant, suggesting that BMI change was the primary reason for most protein changes and not non‐BMI‐related surgical effects. Protein changes were related to BMI changes during both weight‐loss and weight‐regain periods. The significant proteins were associated primarily with lipid, uric acid, or resting energy expenditure clinical variables and metabolic pathways. Eight protein changes were associated with 12‐year diabetes remission, including apolipoprotein M, sex hormone binding globulin, and adiponectin (p < 3.5 × 10−5).ConclusionsThis study showed that most short‐term postsurgical changes in proteins were maintained at 12 years. Systemic protection pathways, including inflammation, complement, lipid, and adipocyte pathways, were related to the long‐term benefits of gastric bypass surgery.
Role of tunable polymer flexibility in controlling wetting behavior and thermal properties of poly(1,3‐cyclohexadiene)‐silica nanocomposites
Authors: Bornani Kamlesh , Shah Priyank , Barkakaty Balaka , Chen Jihua , Lokitz Bradley , Mays Jimmy , Kilbey S. Michael 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe present how altering the chain flexibility affects the nanoscale organization of polymer‐grafted nanoparticles (PGNPs) and its ultimate impact on macroscale thermal properties. To isolate the role of chain flexibility on wetting behavior in athermal polymer nanocomposites (PNC), the graft and matrix chemistry is kept identical by utilizing 1,3‐cyclohexadiene‐based polymer materials. Increasing the rigidity and molecular weight of both the graft and matrix is found to favor mixing of poly(1,3‐cyclohexadiene) PCHD‐grafted silica NPs with the matrix, supported by a concomitant increase in glass transition temperatures of the PNCs. Further, the associated entropic factors that drive wetting behavior and dispersion of PGNPs are discussed, emphasizing the dominant role‐played by chain flexibility. Alterations in graft flexibility had the strongest impact on dispersion and Tg values of the PNC, while molecular weight (MW) plays a secondary role. This investigation is a unique demonstration of how chain flexibility alteration in athermal semiflexible systems can be used to alter NP organization by altering filler‐matrix wettability which also impacts thermal properties.
Inhibition of bacterial FMN transferase: A potential avenue for countering antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Deka Ranjit K. , Deka Akanksha , Liu Wei Z. , Norgard Michael V. , Brautigam Chad A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAntibiotic resistance is a challenge for the control of bacterial infections. In an effort to explore unconventional avenues for antibacterial drug development, we focused on the FMN‐transferase activity of the enzyme Ftp from the syphilis spirochete, Treponema pallidum (Ftp_Tp). This enzyme, which is only found in prokaryotes and trypanosomatids, post‐translationally modifies proteins in the periplasm, covalently linking FMN (from FAD) to proteins that typically are important for establishing an essential electrochemical gradient across the cytoplasmic membrane. As such, Ftp inhibitors potentially represent a new class of antimicrobials. Previously, we showed that AMP is both a product of the Ftp_tp‐catalyzed reaction and an inhibitor of the enzyme. As a preliminary step in exploiting this property to develop a novel Ftp_Tp inhibitor, we have used structural and solution studies to examine the inhibitory and enzyme‐binding properties of several adenine‐based nucleosides, with particular focus on the 2‐position of the purine ring. Implications for future drug design are discussed.
AutoRepar: A method to obtain identifiable and observable reparameterizations of dynamic models with mechanistic insights
Authors: Massonis Gemma , Banga Julio R. , Villaverde Alejandro F. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMechanistic dynamic models of biological systems allow for a quantitative and systematic interpretation of data and the generation of testable hypotheses. However, these models are often over‐parameterized, leading to nonidentifiability and nonobservability, that is, the impossibility of inferring their parameters and state variables. The lack of structural identifiability and observability (SIO) compromises a model's ability to make predictions and provide insight. Here we present a methodology, AutoRepar, that corrects SIO deficiencies of nonlinear ODE models automatically, yielding reparameterized models that are structurally identifiable and observable. The reparameterization preserves the mechanistic meaning of selected variables, and has the exact same dynamics and input‐output mapping as the original model. We implement AutoRepar as an extension of the STRIKE‐GOLDD software toolbox for SIO analysis, applying it to several models from the literature to demonstrate its ability to repair their structural deficiencies. AutoRepar increases the applicability of mechanistic models, enabling them to provide reliable information about their parameters and dynamics.
Biomass‐Induced Diphasic Carbon Decoration for Carbon Nitride: Band and Electronic Engineering Targeting Efficient N2 Photofixation
Authors: Tang Zheng , Xiong Lijun , Zhang Xiaoyue , Shen Jinyou , Sun Aiwu , Lin Xiangyang , Yang Yong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBoosting the replacement of traditional NH3 production (Haber–Bosch process) with photocatalytic technology is of great importance for energy and environment remediation. Herein, to develop a photocatalyst with efficient charge separation and abundant reactive sites for photocatalytic N2 fixation, a biomass‐induced diphase‐carbon doping strategy is proposed by adding lotus root starch which can be environmentally produced into the preparation of carbon nitride (CN). The adjustment to the CN framework by planar‐fused carbon optimizes the band alignment of the catalyst, improving its response to sunlight. In particular, the in‐plane‐fused carbon in collaboration with the physically piled carbon initiates unique dual electron transfer pathways from different dimensions. The diphasic carbons can both function as qualified reactive sites according to the experimental explorations and further theoretical calculations, which effectively regulate the electron transfer and energy barrier associated with the N2 reduction on catalyst. The bio‐carbon‐doped catalyst exhibits drastically enhanced photocatalytic N2 fixation performance, and the NH3 yield on the optimized DC‐CN0.1 reaches 167.35 µmol g−1 h−1, which is fivefold of g‐C3N4 and stands far out from the single‐phase doped systems. These explorations expand the metal‐free skeleton engineering toolbox and provide new guidance for the solar energy utilizations.
Recent Advances in Flexible Zn–Air Batteries: Materials for Electrodes and Electrolytes
Authors: Liu Haoran , Xie Wen , Huang Zeyi , Yao Chuanhao , Han Yunhu , Huang Wei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFlexible Zn–air batteries (ZABs) draw much attention due to the merits of high energy density, stability, and safety, and show potential applications for wearable devices. However, the development of flexible ZABs with great energy density, high round‐trip efficiency, and long cycle life for practical applications is highly restricted by the lack of highly active oxygen catalysts, high ion‐conducting solid‐state electrolytes, appropriate Zn anodes, and advanced battery configuration. Promising oxygen catalysts should possess both, superior oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction performance and can be directly used as self‐supporting cathodes without loading catalysts on support materials such as carbon cloth. In addition, electrolytes play an important role in ZABs; a good electrolyte should be in all‐solid state with high ion conductivity. Moreover, for an excellent Zn anode, it is required to stably contact the electrolyte interface during the bending process. Therefore, in this review, recent advances in ZABs are summarized, including: i) the powder and 3D self‐supporting oxygen catalysts, ii) the species of solid‐state electrolytes, and iii) the rational design of Zn anodes. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of this promising field are presented.
The Hidden Cost of Using Amazon Mechanical Turk for Research
Authors: Saravanos Antonios , Zervoudakis Stavros , Zheng Dongnanzi , Stott Neil , Hawryluk Bohdan , Delfino Donatella 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the attentiveness exhibited by participants sourced through Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), thereby discovering a significant level of inattentiveness amongst the platform’s top crowd workers (those classified as ‘Master’, with an ‘Approval Rate’ of 98% or more, and a ‘Number of HITS approved’ value of 1,000 or more). A total of 564 individuals from the United States participated in our experiment. They were asked to read a vignette outlining one of four hypothetical technology products and then complete a related survey. Three forms of attention check (logic, honesty, and time) were used to assess attentiveness. Through this experiment we determined that a total of 126 (22.3%) participants failed at least one of the three forms of attention check, with most (94) failing the honesty check – followed by the logic check (31), and the time check (27). Thus, we established that significant levels of inattentiveness exist even among the most elite MTurk workers. The study concludes by reaffirming the need for multiple forms of carefully crafted attention checks, irrespective of whether participant quality is presumed to be high according to MTurk criteria such as ‘Master’, ‘Approval Rate’, and ‘Number of HITS approved’. Furthermore, we propose that researchers adjust their proposals to account for the effort and costs required to address participant inattentiveness.
Revisiting the conformally soft sector with celestial diamonds
Authors: Pasterski Sabrina , Puhm Andrea , Trevisani Emilio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCelestial diamonds encode the structure of global conformal multiplets in 2D celestial CFT and offer a natural language for describing the conformally soft sector. The operators appearing at their left and right corners give rise to conformally soft factorization theorems, the bottom corners correspond to conserved charges, and the top corners to conformal dressings. We show that conformally soft charges can be expressed in terms of light ray integrals that select modes of the appropriate conformal weights. They reside at the bottom corners of memory diamonds, and ascend to generalized currents. We then identify the top corners of the associated Goldstone diamonds with conformal Faddeev-Kulish dressings and compute the sub-leading conformally soft dressings in gauge theory and gravity which are important for finding nontrivial central extensions. Finally, we combine these ingredients to speculate on 2D effective descriptions for the conformally soft sector of celestial CFT.
Comparison of Whiskbroom and Pushbroom darkfield elastic light scattering spectroscopic imaging for head and neck cancer identification in a mouse model
Authors: Bassler Miriam C. , Stefanakis Mona , Sequeira Inês , Ostertag Edwin , Wagner Alexandra , Bartsch Jörg W. , Roeßler Marion , Mandic Robert , Reddmann Eike F. , Lorenz Anita , Rebner Karsten , Brecht Marc 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe early detection of head and neck cancer is a prolonged challenging task. It requires a precise and accurate identification of tissue alterations as well as a distinct discrimination of cancerous from healthy tissue areas. A novel approach for this purpose uses microspectroscopic techniques with special focus on hyperspectral imaging (HSI) methods. Our proof-of-principle study presents the implementation and application of darkfield elastic light scattering spectroscopy (DF ELSS) as a non-destructive, high-resolution, and fast imaging modality to distinguish lingual healthy from altered tissue regions in a mouse model. The main aspect of our study deals with the comparison of two varying HSI detection principles, which are a point-by-point and line scanning imaging, and whether one might be more appropriate in differentiating several tissue types. Statistical models are formed by deploying a principal component analysis (PCA) with the Bayesian discriminant analysis (DA) on the elastic light scattering (ELS) spectra. Overall accuracy, sensitivity, and precision values of 98% are achieved for both models whereas the overall specificity results in 99%. An additional classification of model-unknown ELS spectra is performed. The predictions are verified with histopathological evaluations of identical HE-stained tissue areas to prove the model’s capability of tissue distinction. In the context of our proof-of-principle study, we assess the Pushbroom PCA-DA model to be more suitable for tissue type differentiations and thus tissue classification. In addition to the HE-examination in head and neck cancer diagnosis, the usage of HSI-based statistical models might be conceivable in a daily clinical routine.
Graphical abstract
Modeling eutrophication risks in Tanes reservoir by using a hybrid WOA optimized SVR-relied technique along with feature selection based on the MARS approximation
Authors: García-Nieto Paulino José , García-Gonzalo E. , Alonso Fernández José Ramón , Díaz Muñiz Cristina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTotal phosphorus (from now on mentioned as TP) and chlorophyll-a (from now on mentioned as Chl-a) are recognized indicators for phytoplankton large quantity and biomass-thus, actual estimates of the eutrophic state-of water bodies (i.e., reservoirs, lakes and seas). A robust nonparametric method, called support vector regression (SVR) approach, for forecasting the output Chl-a and TP concentrations coming from 268 samples obtained in Tanes reservoir is described in this investigation. Previously, we have carried out a selection of the main features (biological and physico-chemical predictors) employing the multivariate adaptive regression splines approximation to construct reduced models for the purpose of making them easier to interpret for researchers/readers and to reduce the overfitting. As an optimizer, the heuristic technique termed as whale optimization iterative algorithm (WOA), was employed here to optimize the regression parameters with success. Two main results have been obtained. Firstly, the relative relevance of the models variables was stablished. Secondly, the Chl-a and TP can be successfully foretold employing this hybrid WOA/SVR-based approximation. The coincidence between the predicted approximation and the observed data obviously demonstrates the quality of this novel technique.
The role of alliance management, big data analytics and information visibility on new-product development capability
Authors: Dubey Rameshwar , Bryde David J. , Graham Gary , Foropon Cyril , Kumari Sushma , Gupta Omprakash 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany organizations are increasingly investing in building dynamic capabilities to gain competitive advantage. New products play an important role in gaining competitive advantage and can significantly boost organizational performance. Although new product development (NPD) is widely recognized as a potentially vital source of competitive advantage, organizations face challenges in terms of developing the right antecedents or capabilities to influence NPD performance. Our research suggests that organizations should invest in building alliance management capability (AMC), big data analytics capability (BDAC) and information visibility (IV) to achieve their desired NPD success. Informed by the dynamic capabilities view of the firm (DCV) we have stated seven research hypotheses. We further tested our hypotheses using 219 usable respondents gathered using a pre-tested instrument. The hypotheses were tested using variance based structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results of our study paint an interesting picture. Our study makes some significant contribution to the DCV and offers some useful directions to practitioners engaged in NPD in the big data analytics era. We demonstrate that AMC and BDAC are lower-order dynamic capabilities and that AMC has a positive and significant influence on BDAC. In turn, AMC and BDAC influence NPD under the moderating influence of IV. Ours is one of the first studies to empirically establish an association among three distinct dynamic capabilities which are often considered in isolation: AMC, BDAC and NPD. Our findings support emergent views on dynamic capabilities and their classification into various orders. Lastly, we provide empirical evidence that information visibility acts as a contingent variable to both AMC and BDAC effects on NPD. We end our paper by outlining some limitations of our study and by offering useful future research directions.