bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of andalas tree dioecious plant [Morus macroura Miq.] using SRAP marker
Authors: Aseny N , Syamsuardi S , Nurainas N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Sumatran Mulberry [Morus macroura var. Macroura] is the mascot [identity] flora of West Sumatra. Clarification of individual sex and genetic variation is necessary for its conservation. The SRAP [Sequence Related Amplified Polymorphism] marker system is one of the powerful molecular tools for clarification of individual sex and estimating its genetic diversity of plant species. The purpose of this study was to examine the male and female individuals in Andalas [Morus macroura] trees and to analyze their genetic variation. The fifteen individuals [accessions] of Morus macroura from three locations in West Sumatra [Limau Manis, Padang, Lubuak Gadang, South Solok and Andaleh, Tanah Datar] were collected to provide the DNA samples. A combination of seven primers was used to amplify the fifteens of DNA samples. Specific bands for the sex were examined in selected individuals, and Geneticvariation with four parameters: Number of allele [na], Number of effective allele [ne], Gene Diversity [h]; Shannon’s Information Index [I] were analyzed. The PCR Test indicated that Fifty fragments were obtained from the amplification of DNA samples using seven combinations of primers. The most number of fragments were found in the combination of primer B and E. The specific band at The 20 bp and 30 fragments were useful to distinguish the sex of the examined individual trees. The genetic variation of Morus macroura was moderate low [na=1.540; ne=1.273; h=0.168; and I=0.259]. Genetic diversity of Limau Manis Population [h=0.241] was higher than Lubuak Gadang [h=0.116] and Andaleh population [h=0.148].
Screening of Anti-MRSA metabolites in bacteria symbiotic with Batissa violaceae celebensis marten 1897
Authors: Rasyid S A , Lena D W A , As’Ad S , Miskad U A , Minhajat R , Surya R A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Currently, infectious diseases are still a serious problem in Indonesia, especially with thewidespread resistance of microbes to antibiotics. Staphylococcus aureus as one of the commonpathogens causing infection has experienced resistance to various classes of beta-lactam antibiotics known as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Therefore antibiotic alternatives sourced from nature are needed to treat the MRSA pathogenic infection. This study aims to explore the potential of bacteria in symbiosis with Pokea Shells (Batissaviolaceacelebensis Martens 1897) from Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province to be used as the newest anti-MRSA. In this research, Pokea Shell’s symbiont bacteria were isolated from Konawe Regency to obtain pure isolates. Pure isolates that have been produced from secondary metabolites to be tested for their potential in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria MRSA. The inhibition test was done qualitatively by using a paper disk. Based on the results five bacterial isolates were obtained with different abilities to inhibit MRSA bacteria. Based on the qualitative test obtained that the Bvc1 and Bvc3 bacterial isolates had the potency to be used as anti-MRSA agents. These isolates have an inhibition zone of 25 mm and 22 mm with a sensitive category according to CLSI standards (Sensitive ≥17 mm). Determination of the gram of these 2 isolates found as gram-positive bacteria in the form of bacilli so it can be concluded that the 2 isolates can be used as anti-MRSA agents.
The Degradation of G3BP2 by Trim-away Method Inhibits Oscillatory Shear Stress induced Endothelial Cell Inflammation
Authors: Safitri M , Li T , Sihombing M A E M , Qiu J , Wang G 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Progress in medical science has shown that cardiovascular pathogenesis is a complex disease with multiple underlying factors. Stress factors such as oxidative stress and oscillatory shear stress (OSS) play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis as the major cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, study related the effect of stress on the development of human coronary atherosclerosis is not yet fully understood. Ras-GTPase-activating protein SH3 domain-binding proteins 2 (G3BP2) are multi-functional RNA binding proteins in which biomechanically sensitive gene that known important in cancer progression. Here in this study, we further explore the roles of G3BP2 protein especially their relation with atherosclerosis diseases, by investigating the G3BP2 regulation under biomechanical stress stimuli follows with the strategy of exploring the effect of G3BP2 disruption in endothelial cells by the application of new protein depletion technology called Trim-away. The result showed that oxidative stress and oscillatory shear stress (OSS) stimuli activated the expression of G3BP2 protein in primary endothelial cells. Moreover, the western blot analysis revealed that degradation of G3BP2 protein using Trim-away in endothelial cells induced OSS inhibits the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (VCAM-1 and ICAM-1). The compelling evidence demonstrated that suppression of G3BP2 protein expression in HUVECs potentially inhibits the development of atherosclerosis by decreased endothelial inflammation response.
Gambir catechins modulates amyloid-β concentration in cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer’s model rat
Authors: Fasrini UU , Lipoeto NI 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease has been reported as the consequences of amyloid-β accumulation in the brain resulted from oxidative stress. Gambir, which contains catechins as a potential antioxidant, is abundant in West Sumatra. This study aims to evaluate the effect of gambir catechins administration on amyloid-β concentration in cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] of the rats. An experimental study with a post-test only design was carried out on 12-week old female Sprague Dawley, an Alzheimer’s model rat. As many as 30 rats were divided into the control and treatment groups. Four of the six groups were treated with the catechins extract doses of 20 mg, 40 mg, 60 mg, and 100 mg per 200 g BW. Meanwhile, the other two groups were positive and negative control groups. After four weeks, the rats were sacrificed and the CSF was collected. Amyloid-β concentration measurement was using the ELISA method. The statistical analysis was using One-way ANOVA with posthoc test Tukey HSD. Treatment groups exhibited a linear decrease in amyloid-β concentration in all doses, particularly in CC3. The CC3-treated group showed the lowest amyloid-β concentration [13.325 ± 4.625 ng/ml], which is significantly lower [p < 0.05] when compared to the PC group [45.280 ± 7.590 ng/ml]. This result provides experimental evidence that gambir catechin reached its optimum neuroprotective effect on amyloid-β level in cerebrospinal fluid by 60 mg/200 g BW.
Export performance and export competitiveness of Indonesia’s CPO industry with RSPO in China and EU markets
Authors: Alii H , Karimi S , Febriamansyah R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The implementation of the RSPO [Roundtable on sustainable palm oil] has been implemented since 2012 in the UE market, but the Chinese market has not. This study aims to describe and compare the export performance and export competitiveness of Indonesia’s CPO [crude palm oil] trade in both markets. Descriptive analysis was carried out on export performance and export competitiveness in the markets of China and the European Union [EU-25]. Statistical analysis used analysis compare means independent sample t-test and paired samples test. The results of the descriptive analysis found that there were significant differences in export performance and export competitiveness of Indonesia’s CPO trade in the China and EU-25 markets, with an average RCA to the Chinese market [23.65%], while the EU-25 market [109.27%]. The results of the comparison mean analysis of the independent sample t-test showed that there was no difference in trade value, but there was a significant difference in the trade quantity in the China and EU-25 markets There is a significant difference in the export competitiveness of Indonesia’s CPO trade in the China and EU-25 markets The results of the compare means paired samples test showed that there was no significant difference in the performance of Indonesia’s CPO exports to the China and European Union markets. However, there are differences in the competitiveness of Indonesian CPO exports in the Chinese and EU-25 markets due to the RSPO policy. This study recommends that in the future the RSPO should become a reference for developing the CPO export market.
Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on horticultural farming in Tanah Datar Regency of West Sumatra Province, Indonesia
Authors: Triana L , Mahdi M , Azhari R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak affects almost all sectors of farmers’ life. The lockdown policy has resulted in limited movement of farmers in carrying out social and economic activities. This study aims to identify those difficulties for horticultural farmers’ households during the COVID-19 outbreak and analyze its impact on household income. We had carried out an online household survey, for data collection by interviewing 86 horticulture farmers, who were randomly sampled in two horticulture production centers in Tanah Datar District. We found that almost 50% of farmers are having difficulty accessing agricultural inputs during the pandemic, such as seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides. This happened because of implementing a lockdown policy., which disrupts farmers’ smooth access to farm inputs. However, although almost half of the farmers have difficulty accessing farm inputs, the regression results show that the COVID-19 outbreak does not significantly affect household income. Based on our research, 96.5% of farmers were still farming and 55.8% of them were still working in the fields as usual. The difficulty for horticultural farmer’s households during the Covid-19 outbreak was increasing household expenditure such as for communication, health, education, and social/religion. They have to use household savings to overcome.
Management practices and stakeholder interactions along with sacred groves in Kerala
Authors: Sreelekha K , Joy Rosewine 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Various developmental practices and changes in the social fabric threaten the existence of the local forest ecosystems such as sacred groves. A sacred grove, a forest common, traditionally has religious importance and unique management systems in place due to its cultural value. Sacred groves were in the ownership of a family or a community and had multiple stakeholders such as deity, devotees, communities, trusts. However rapid urbanization, increasing demographic demands negatively impact the sacred groves. With increasing stress on commercialization, the role of various stakeholders is changing esp the role of women in the management of Sacred groves has dwindled. The breakdown of ‘ancient joint family systems’ like ‘tharavadu’ has adversely affected the number of sacred groves in the state. The existence of 15, 000 sacred groves in the erstwhile state of Travancore was recorded in 1927 whereas current estimates account for not beyond 2000 sacred groves. As the number of stakeholders reduced, the community involvement in the management of sacred groves has also diminished over time. This paper studies the differential management dynamics in the sacred groves of Kerala, India using case studies of two sacred groves. It analyses how different stakeholders interact with each other using ethnographic methods. The paper argues that management practices of sacred groves should be more inclusive and should promote inter-generational dialogue.
Incentive program towards sustainability of organic rice certification in Limapuluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Mutiara V I , Hariance R , Utami A S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The government of Indonesia has committed to support the development of organic agriculture in Indonesia by establishing regulations on Organic Agriculture Systems in 2013. West Sumatra is one of the provinces in Indonesia which is very committed to developing organic agriculture. Before the decree was established, The Department of Agriculture of West Sumatra has allocated on Regional Budget year 2011 to improve the Organic Food Product Incentive by giving an incentive for 250 IDR per kilogram of organic rice. It was expected that it can influence farmers’ decision to recertify their organic products. Unfortunately, the incentive program was not continued in 2015. This research aimed to analyze the impact of government incentives on the sustainability of organic rice farming. The research was conducted in Limapuluh Kota Regency using survey methods. 65 organic rice farmers were interviewed. The research result showed that 80% of respondents agree that organic certification is a benefit for them. 20% of respondents do not think that organic certification is a benefit for their organic rice. As a result, they do not use the incentives for the benefit of organic rice production and organic recertification. 60% of them use it for household needs. Although the incentive program is not continued, 70% of farmers recertify their organic rice with the main reason is that it was the group’s decision. It is suggested that farmer’s motivation to re-certify organic rice should be become a consideration by the government for the development of organic rice farming programs.
Sustainable transition, transformation, and disruption in agroecology
Authors: Joy Rosewine 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Agroecological systems are increasingly becoming volatile with climatic changes and development pressures, uncertain productivity, management complexity, ambiguous sustainability approaches. With this background, the main aim of this conceptual paper is to identify various transitions, transformations, and disruptions in the agroecological space for food production. The review identifies these discourses as a flow concept related and translucent. Agroecology case studies from across the world are analyzed to identify the approaches as transitional, transformational, and disruptive and to compare the sustainable strategies adopted in each approach. The study points out that differential approaches could lead to sustainable food production in a VUCA world.
Analysis of changes in coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus) morphology and tissue after exposure to clove oil
Authors: Rahim Sri Wahyuni , Yaqin Khusnul , Fachruddin Liestiaty , Kudsiah Hadiratul 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Clove oil has been shown to be effective as an alternative to cyanide in the catching of groupers on coral reefs. However, it is necessary to analyze the quality of fish after exposure prior to application in the field. The aim of this study was to analyze changes in morphology and tissues of the eyes, gills and liver of coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus) after exposure to clove oil. Experiments were conducted in an aquarium measuring 1.0 mx 0.5 m x 1.0 m filled with seawater. The fish were sprayed with several concentrations of clove oil (20, 30, 40, 50, 60 ppm) until stunned, then transferred into the tank for observation of external morphology and fish tissue. The results showed that exposure to clove oil at concentrations of 20-60 ppm had no effect on coral trout external morphology (eyes, skin, scales, fins and gill covers). Histologically, small changes were observed in the eye, gill and liver tissues starting at a concentration of 30 ppm. This study showed that exposure to clove oil at a concentrations of 20 ppm did not appear to have harmful effects on coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus).
A review of the known distribution of Halophila spinulosa in Indonesia with herbarium from Laikang in South Sulawesi
Authors: Yasir I , Moore A M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Seagrasses are true plants living in the marine realm. The Coral Triangle is also the centre of seagrass diversity with 14 species recorded in Indonesian waters. There is a growing awareness of the ecological and socio-economic importance of seagrass meadows as well as the growing threats to these valuable coastal ecosystems. However, there is a lack of accessible data on seagrass distribution at ecosystem and species scales. The most speciose seagrass genus is Halophila, with at least 7 species (Halophila beccarii, H. decipiens, H. major, H. minor, H. ovalis, H. sulawesii and H. spinulosa) known to occur in Indonesia. Reported from Malaysia to eastern Australia, Halophila spinulosa is a data deficient tropical seagrass. We review the known distribution of H. spinulosa based on a search of Indonesian and international literature. We also present an annotated herbarium of H. spinulosa samples collected from Laikang in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Samples were collected in September 2020 at low tide at depths of around 0.75 to 1.25 m on a silty sand substrate along with samples of other seagrass species present. Herbarium specimens were cleaned of epiphytes and sand. The samples were laid out carefully on A4 paper, arranged so that all parts were clearly visible, covered with gauze, and placed on folded newspaper. The prepared samples were then sandwiched between piles of newspaper and placed in a wooden press. The herbarium specimens will be preserved in the Marine Biology Laboratory collection, Marine Science Department, Universitas Hasanuddin. We consider the distribution data for H spinulosa are far from complete; this review and herbarium should inform and spur further research on this species and it’s distribution at macro (site) and micro (within site) scales.
Preliminary assessment of Tripneustes gratilla populations in Seagrass Beds of the Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Tamti Hartati , Rappe Rohani Ambo , Andy Omar Sharifuddin Bin , Budimawan  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Many sea urchins, including the collector urchin Tripneustes gratilla, are well known for their role as herbivores, contributing to the control of fast growing macroalgae that can potentially overgrow and dominate seagrass beds and reef flats. Tripneustes gratilla is a short-spined sea urchin that can be easily found and collected by hand from the seagrass meadows which are their main habitat, especially during low tide. The exploitation of this species in Indonesia began to expand several years ago when the demand for T. gratilla gonads started to rise, for both commercial purposes and household consumption. This study aimed to determine the population and distribution of T. gratilla in seagrass ecosystems with different conditions across the Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The results indicate that T. gratilla population abundance and size distribution are affected by several factors: seagrass condition, water quality, and the intensity of sea urchin collection. The results also emphasize the urgent need for developing and implementing effective management to ensure the sustainability of this important sea urchin species.
Development of a benthic spatial ratio index as an indicator of small island deformation
Authors: Selamat M B , Lanuru M , Mashoreng S , Amri K , Idrus M R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The ability of coral reefs and seagrass beds to reduce wave energy positions these ecosystems as the most reliable natural protection for many small islands, especially for coral islands and atolls. With coral damage reaching 174 hectares per year, there must be changes in the spatial composition of coral reefs and seagrass beds around many small islands in the Spermonde Archipelago, changing the shape of the islands and reducing the quality of life of their inhabitants. This study aimed to map the spatial composition of benthic substrates (coral reefs, seagrass beds, and macroalgae) around small islands over time, and to relate changes in substrate composition to island shape change. The initial study was conducted at Barrangcaddi island from July to December 2018. Three field surveys collected spatial data on benthic substrates (coral, seagrass, macroalgae), bathymetry, waves, tides, and beach profiles. The satellite data used were Sentinel 2 images from 2015 to 2018. Satellite image processing included atmospheric correction using the DOS method, land masking, geomorphic segmentation, and classification using the maximum likelihood, Self Organizing Map and Segmentation methods. Thirteen benthic substrate classes were validated with thematic accuracy ranging from 86% to 95%. The land area of Barrangcaddi Island changed around 6 percent from 2015 to 2018. The benthic spatial ratio index for Barrangcaddi Island shows that the north side of the island was the most vulnerable to coastal abrasion, and the existing benthic substrate is no longer effective in reducing the wave energy that hits the island from this side.
Impact of increasing sea surface temperature on skipjack tuna habitat in the Flores Sea, Indonesia
Authors: Putri Andi Rani Sahni , Zainuddin Mukti , Musbir Musbir , Mustapha Muzzneena Ahmad , Hidayat Rachmat , Putri Rini Sahni 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Flores Sea is a water mass transfer route from two large oceans, namely the Pacific Ocean to the Indian Ocean known as Indonesian Throughflow (ITF). This flow certainly has an impact on the waters it passes through, including the Flores Sea, making the Flores Sea a hotspot for changes in oceanographic conditions. This study used satellite data to determine the increase in Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in the Flores Sea during 2015-2019. It used the Generalized Additive Model (GAM) analysis to analyze the effect of increasing SST on skipjack tuna habitat in the Flores Sea. The results showed that there had been an increase in SST of up to 2.5 °C over the past five 15 years in the Flores Sea. This increase has affected pelagic fish habitat in these waters. This increase in SST affects the tuna skipjack habitat, as evidenced by the decrease in catches in areas with warmer temperatures than usual. This study is important in considering the sustainable management of tuna fisheries, especially in tropical waters.
The surface wind regimes on the northeast coastal of Kalimantan during 2016-2018
Authors: Roem Muhamad , Musa Muhammad , Rudianto  , Risjani Yenny 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This research aims to investigate the wind patterns in Northeast coastal of Kalimantan Island, known to border the western part of the Sulawesi Sea. Furthermore, the temporal wind patterns were examined based on the 2016-2018 recording data on Tarakan Island. The distribution of wind direction as well as speed were further analysed to obtain the monthly and seasonal wind pattern. The results show pattern complexity in the research area indicated by shifting in the monthly and seasonal wind resultant. This shift is particularly from the north, on instances where the Asian Monsoon is active, and conversely from the south at the Australian Monsoon peak. Meanwhile, during the transition period between monsoons, the wind blows weakly from various directions. However, the monsoon index value does not meet the criteria for the monsoon wind due to the influence of the sea breeze from the Sulawesi Sea throughout the year. Further analysis shows that the complexity of the local wind pattern is formed by sea breeze which is intertwined with monsoon winds.