bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mechanism of Catalpol in Alzheimer’s Disease by Modulating Mitochondrial Function Through miR-124-Mediated STIM2
Authors: Lv Xin , Qiu Jun , Hao Tao , Zhang Haoran , Jiang Haiping , Tan Yang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a dementia-related disease with cognitive deterioration and memory impairment. Catalpol was reported to relieve impairments in learning and memory. The present study assessed the functional mechanism of catalpol in AD via miR-124/STIM2-mediated mitochondrial function. Primary hippocampal neurons were isolated and cultured. AD cell model was induced by Aβ1−42 and treated with catalpol. APP/PS1 mouse model was established and treated with catalpol and miR-124 agomir. Aβ1−42 induced mitochondrial damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in AD cell model. Catalpol alleviated mitochondrial damage and reduced ROS generation in hippocampal neurons. miR-124 was highly expressed in AD cell model and catalpol inhibited miR-124 expression. Catalpol alleviated Aβ1−42 induced mitochondrial damage and ROS generation in hippocampal neurons by inhibiting miR-124 expression. miR-124 overexpression after catalpol treatment promoted mitochondrial damage and ROS generation in hippocampal neurons. miR-124 targeted STIM2. Silencing STIM2 after catalpol treatment promoted mitochondrial damage and ROS generation in hippocampal neurons. Catalpol slowed AD progression via the miR-124/STIM2 axis in vivo. The results of the present study indicated that catalpol alleviated mitochondrial damage and ROS generation and thus attenuated AD by regulating miR-124-mediated STIM2.
Three Different Mutations in the DNA Topoisomerase 1B in Leishmania Infantum Contribute to Resistance to Antitumor Drug Topotecan
Authors: Rosa-Teijeiro Chloe , Wagner Victoria , Corbeil Audrey , d'Annessa Ilda , Leprohon Philippe , Monte-Neto Rubens L do , Fernández-Prada Christopher 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe evolution of drug resistance is one of the biggest challenges in leishmaniasis and has prompted the need for new antileishmanial drugs. Repurposing of approved drugs is a faster and very attractive strategy that is gaining supporters worldwide. Different anticancer topoisomerase 1B (TOP1B) inhibitors have shown strong antileishmanial activity and promising selective indices, supporting the potential repurposing of these drugs. However, cancer cells and Leishmania share the ability to become rapidly resistant. The aim of this study was to complete a whole-genome exploration of the effects caused by exposure to topotecan in order to highlight the potential mechanisms deployed by Leishmania to favor its survival in the presence of a TOP1B inhibitor. MethodsWe used a combination of stepwise drug-resistance selection, whole-genome sequencing, functional validation, and theoretical approaches to explore the propensity of and potential mechanisms deployed by three independent clones of L. infantum to resist the action of TOP1B-inhibitor topotecan. ResultsWe demonstrated that L. infantum is capable of becoming resistant to high concentrations of topotecan without impaired growth ability. No gene deletions or amplifications were identified from the next-generation sequencing data in any of the three resistant lines, ruling out the overexpression of efflux pumps as the preferred mechanism of topotecan resistance. We identified three different mutations in the large subunit of the leishmanial TOP1B (Top1BF187Y, Top1BG191A and Top1BW232R). Overexpression of these mutated alleles in the wild-type background led to high levels of resistance to topotecan. Computational molecular dynamics simulations, in both covalent and non-covalent complexes, showed that these mutations have an effect on the arrangement of the catalytic pentad and on the interaction of these residues with surrounding amino acids and DNA. This altered architecture of the binding pocket results in decreased persistence of topotecan in the ternary complex. Conclusions﻿This work helps elucidate the previously-unclear potential mechanisms of topotecan resistance in Leishmania by mutations in the large subunit of TOP1B and provides a valuable clue for the design of improved inhibitors to combat resistance in both leishmaniasis and cancer. Our data highlights the importance of including drug-resistance evaluation in drug-discovery cascades.
A Three-Dimensional Fractal Contact Model for a Rough Friction Surface With Multiple-Scale Asperities
Authors: Liang Ao , Bian Yongming , Liu Guangjun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper describes a new fractal contact model for a rough three-dimensional friction surface considering scale dependence. The model predicts the total contact area as a function of contact load. The microcontact fractal model for asperities at multiple-scale levels is derived. The truncated area distribution function of asperities at multiple-scale levels is revised. The effects of each scale level and fractal parameters on the proposed model are evaluated by numerical simulations. Results obtained from the complex fractal model with several scales are accurate as demonstrated by comparing them to experimental results and models taken from literature. Friction and wear of rough surfaces can be further studied using the proposed model.
Diagnostic Value of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance in the Diagnosis of Difficult to Determine Renal Tumor by Enhanced CT
Authors: Qiao xuhua , Tan zhiyong , Li Ning , Zuo Yigang , Wang Huake 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveTo analyze and compare the efficacy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and magnetic resonance (MRI) in the diagnosis of difficult renal tumor with CT. MethodsA total of 136 patients with renal space occupying who received CEUS and MRI in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 2013 to December 2020 after improved abdominal enhanced CT was difficult to distinguish between benign and malignant patients were retrospectively analyzed. The diagnostic results of the two examination methods were compared with the pathological examination results to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of the two methods.Results61 cases were benign and 75 cases were malignant. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of CEUS, MRI and combined examination for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant renal tumors difficult to be determined by CT were (CEUS:94.42%, 87.69%, 91.18%, 89.33%, 93.44%;MRI:81.63%, 91.84%, 85.29%, 94.67%, 73.77%;MRI+CEUS:94.67%, 93.44%, 92.65%, 94.67%, 93.44%). Comparison of the sensitivity of single and combined CEUS and MRI in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant renal tumors that were difficult to be identified by CT: χ2=11.34, P =0.001, there was statistical significance; χ2=0.86, P =0.35, there was no statistical significance; χ2=5.73, P =0.02, between MRI and CEUS +CEUS.CEUS with single and combined MRI examination of CT qualitative differential diagnosis of benign and malignant renal tumors ROC curve shows that applied to the differential diagnosis of benign versus malignant tumor CT is qualitative the MRI + CEUS is better than that of CEUS, CEUS is better than that of MRI, the area under the curve comparison(accurate):MRI compar-ed with CEUC no statistical significance (p = 0.26), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CEUS were compared with MRI + CEUS were statistically significant (p = 0.02, p = 0.01).Conclusion﻿Both CEUS and MRI can be used to distinguish between benign and malignant renal tumors that are difficult to be characterized by CT. However, CEUS alone has more clinical application value in the diagnosis of benign and malignant renal tumors that are difficult to be characterized by CT considering economic effects, indications and side effects.
The Effectiveness of a Nurse-led Behavioral Activation Intervention in Hospitalized Depressed Elderly: a Pragmatic Cluster-randomized Clinical Trial.
Authors: Clignet Frans , Straten Annemieke van , Cuijpers Pim , Meijel Berno van 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Approximately 10% of the elderly suffer from Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of a nurse-led behavioral activation program (the Systematic Activation Method), in depressed elderly.Methods: A cluster-randomized clinical trial in which ten hospital units were randomized as either an experimental unit or control unit (care-as-usual). Data was collected at baseline (T0), eight weeks later (post intervention=T1), and six months later (follow-up=T2). Primary outcome was severity of depressive symptoms. For the analysis multilevel linear models were used. We calculated the size of the effects with Hedges’ g (and their 95% confidence intervals).Results: 55 patients were included (n=30 experimental, n=25 control). The results showed that there were moderate post-intervention effects of the Systematic Activation Program in the reduction of depressive symptoms (g=0.35), but these effects were not statistically significant.Conclusions: The inclusion of patients was lower than calculated in the power analysis. A more intensive focus on applying motivational techniques and tailored implementation strategies might increase treatment effects on the patients. Trial registration: Dutch Trial Register NTR 1809.
Presence and Maturation Dynamics of Mandibular Third Molars and Their Influence on Late Mandibular Incisor Crowding: Longitudinal Study
Authors: Žigante Martina , Pavlic Andrej , Morelato Luka , Vandevska-Radunovic Vaska , Spalj Stjepan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the presence and dynamics of mandibular third molar development and the occurrence and amount of late mandibular incisor crowding. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dental plaster casts and panoramic radiographs of 72 orthodontically untreated subjects from the Nittedal growth study, Norway were analysed. The subjects were recalled for check-up at 12, 15, 18 and 21 years of age. Mandibular incisor crowding was assessed using the Little’s irregularity index and dental maturation of the third molars by the Cameriere’s index.RESULTS: The majority of the subjects (64%) had ≥1mm increase in irregularity; 22% experienced increase of 0.1-0.9mm and 14% had unchanged or decreased irregularity. Incisor irregularity increased with age, regardless of absence or presence of third molars. The amount of change in incisor irregularity from 12 to 21 years did not differ significantly between subjects with hypodontia of third molars, extraction and those with third molars present. No differences were observed between erupted, unerupted or impacted third molars. No correlation was found between the amount of change in irregularity and maturation of the third molars.CONCLUSIONS: Occurrence and amount of mandibular late incisor crowding is not significantly influenced by presence or development dynamics of mandibular third molars.
A Novel Approach of Fabricating Monodispersed Spherical MoSiBTiC Particles for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Zhou Zhenxing , Guo Suxia , Zhou Weiwei , Nomura Naoyoki 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
It is very challenging to fabricate spherical refractory material powders for additive manufacturing (AM) because of their high melting points and complex compositions. In this study, a novel technique, freeze-dry pulsated orifice ejection method (FD-POEM), was developed to fabricate spherical MoSiBTiC particles without a melting process. Elemental nanopowders were dispersed in water to prepare a high-concentration slurry, which was subsequently extruded from an orifice by diaphragm vibration and frozen instantly in liquid nitrogen. After a freeze-drying process, spherical composite particles with arbitrary composition ratios were obtained. The FD-POEM particles had a narrow size range and uniform elemental distribution. Mesh structures were formed within the FD-POEM particles, which was attributed to the sublimation of ice crystals. Furthermore, owing to their spherical morphology, the FD-POEM particles had a low avalanche angle of 42.6°, exhibiting good flowability. Consequently, the combination of FD-POEM and additive manufacturing has great potential for developing complex refractory components used in industrial applications.
How Does Empathy Modulate Susceptibility to False Memory?
Authors: Lo Shih-Yu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Based on the view that the function of empathy is to integrate one’s concepts of the self and others, we hypothesised that empathy facilitates memory by relating external events to self-related information. However, whether empathy’s facilitative effect on memory applied to misleading information was unknown. To test this, we used a misinformation paradigm on a sample of 51 participants aged 20–42. Participants were fed misleading information after watching videos that evoked different degrees of empathy. The results showed that the participants’ susceptibility to misleading information was lower for videos that provoked a high degree of empathy compared to videos that provoked a low degree of empathy. Based on our data, we conclude that empathy can prevent people from being misled by false information.
Mixed-dust Pneumoconiosis in a Dental Technician: A Multidisciplinary Diagnosis
Authors: Lorenzo Luigi Di , Pipoli Antonella , Manghisi Nicola Mariano , Cassano Filippo , Maiorano Eugenio , Longo Giosi , Attimonelli Rossella , Laviano Rocco 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundExposure to crystalline silica in dental laboratories can occur during procedures that generate suspended mineral dusts, e.g. dispersion of mixing powders, removal of castings from moulds grinding and polishing castings and porcelain, and use of silica sand for blasting. Case presentationWe report a 55-year-old male dental technician who, after about 15 years of work, began to suffer from a dry cough and dyspnoea on exertion. The operations included in his job resulted in the generation of crystalline silica, aluminium, chromium, titanium dust. The worker did not regularly wear personal protective equipment and some of the above operations were not carried out in closed circuit systems.The Chest X-ray showed diffuse micronodulation in the lung interstitium in the upper-middle lobes bilaterally and a modest left basal pleural effusion, simple spirometry showed initial small airway obstruction, High Resolution Computerized Tomography of the chest showed bilateral micronodulation of a miliariform type, with greater profusion in the upper lobes, also present in the visceral pleura, bilaterally. Histological examination showed aggregates of pigment-laden macrophages forming perivascular macules or arranged in a radial pattern around a core of sclerohyalinosis. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectrometry revealed several mineral particles, whose composition is characterised by the presence of aggregates of crystalline silica and metals. The ambient concentrations of total dust and its respirable fraction were all lower than the relative TLV-TWA - ACGIH, but did not negligible. ConclusionsThe above findings and a multidisciplinary assessment led to the diagnosis of mixed dust pneumoconiosis s/q with 2/2 profusion of occupational origin. This diagnosis in a dental technician was supported by environmental exposure analysis for the first time in the literature.
Altered Sympathetic Control of Myocardial Infarct Border Zones: High-Resolution Mapping with Automated Structure Detection
Authors: Zhu Ching , Rajendran Pradeep , Hanna Peter , Efimov Igor , Salama Guy , Fowlkes Charless , Shivkumar Kalyanam 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Intramyocardial sympathetic nerve remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) has been implicated in adverse outcomes such as sudden arrhythmic death, yet the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We sought to examine microstructural remodeling of ventricular myocardium and cardiac sympathetic nerve fibers after chronic infarction and to correlate this remodeling with perturbations in electrical conduction. We developed a high-resolution pipeline for anatomically precise alignment of optical action potential maps with structural maps of myofiber and nerve fiber features detected by customized computer vision algorithms. Using this integrative approach in a mouse model of chronic MI, we identified distinct structure-function correlates of discontinuous electrical propagation to objectively define the infarct border zone. During sympathetic activation induced by tyramine administration, we also discovered regional patterns of altered impulse propagation directly associated with altered neuroeffector junction distribution, pointing to potential substrates for neurally mediated arrhythmogenesis. This study establishes a synergistic framework for examining structure-function relationships after MI with unprecedented spatial precision, which has implications for advancing our understanding of arrhythmogenic substrates and mechanisms.
Quantifying the regional stranded asset risks from new coal plants under 1.5°C
Authors: Edwards Morgan , Cui Ryna Yiyun , Bindl Matilyn , Hultman Nathan , Mathur Krinjal , McJeon Haewon , Iyer Gokul , Song Jiawei , Zhao Alicia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A global phaseout of unabated coal use is critical to meeting the Paris climate goals. This transition can potentially lead to large amounts of stranded assets, especially in regions with newer and growing coal fleets. Here we combine plant-level data with a global integrated assessment model to quantify changes in stranded asset risks across locations and over time. With new plant proposals, cancellations, and retirements over the past five years, global committed emissions in 2030 from existing and planned coal plants declined by 3.3 GtCO2 (25%). While these emissions are now roughly in line with near-term (2030) Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to the Paris Agreement, they remain far off track from longer-term climate goals. Building all proposed coal plants in the pipeline leads to a 24% (503 GW) increase in capacity and a 55% ($520 billion) increase in stranded assets under 1.5°C. Stranded asset risks fall disproportionately on emerging Asian economies with newer and growing coal fleets.
Thermo-physcial Properties and Characterization of TiO2 based Nanofluid Blended with Moringa Oleifera Oil
Authors: S RUBALYA VALANTINA , S Amsavahini , S Janani , G Monisha 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Nanoparticle TiO2 was synthesized by the co-precipitate method and was dispersed in palm oil blended with Moringa oleifera seed oil (Enriched palm oil-EPO). Structural and compositional analysis of TiO2 nanoparticles was carried out using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) and FTIR analysis (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). Using the analytical method, particle dimension, crystallite size by Debye Scherrer’s equation and vibrational energy of the molecule was investigated. Palm oil was blended with synthesised Moring oil to enhance its oxidative stability. TiO2 nanoparticles were dispersed at different volume fraction in EPO to analyse the temperature dependent physical properties. Bio-degradable lubricant nature of TiO2 based nanofluid was investigated by the variation of viscosity and density with temperature (30 to 60˚C). The amphiphilic properties of fatty acids in blended oils can contribute better lubrication compared to mineral oils. Experimented viscosity and density values with temperature was fitted to a non-linear equations, and was pragmatic that quadratic equation exhibits a best fit R2 > 0.999. Theoretical value of the viscosity was predicted using Einstein, Batchelor, and Wang mathematical model and was compared with the experimental value. Brownian motion of the particle in the oil was studied through the diffusion constant, diffusion time, and Brownian velocity. The present study could be used to synthesis nanofluid with desired volume fraction, viscosities and densities, so as work as a suitable bio degradable lubricant in many industrial applications.
How Great is Greater Tuberosity? – A Analysis by CT Multiplanar Reconstruction
Authors: Li Zhiyao , Ma Lifeng , Yin Wei , Wu Yingjie , Qi Zhengrong , Yang Bo , Zhang Jingxin , Li Qiang , Guo Ai 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective: This study was designed to explore the precise size of the greater tuberosity of humerus in Chinese population.Methods: The radiologic study was performed on 66 CTs of shoulder from the hospital’s CT scan database of out-patient department from December 2018 to February 2020. This study designed a method to measure the size of the greater tuberosity (GT). The width, height and thickness of the greater tuberosity were measured on CT image multiplanar reconstructions (MPR), which was independently conducted by two observers.Results: 66 intact shoulders CT scans were analyzed, including 26 women and 40 men with a mean age of 36.79 ± 9.17 years, with 41 right and 25 left shoulders. There were no significant differences in GT width, GT height, GT thickness and PH thickness between two observers. The ICC for the GT width measurements taken by CT was 0.872. The ICC for the GT height was 0.810. The ICC for the GT thickness was 0.777. The ICC for the PH thickness was 0.971. For male cases, the total PH thickness was 51.06±2.30 (45.70-55.20) mm for female cases, the total PH thickness was 45.79±2.57 (41.40-51.25) mm. Gender have a significant impact on the results, man had a larger GT than woman.Conclusions: The method was an applicable way the measure the size of greater tuberosity, it showed good reliability. The size of GT in male cases was larger than female. These data provides important information for further research and clinical practice.
Characterization and Reverse Genetic Establishment of Cattle Derived Akabane Virus in China
Authors: Chen Dongjie , Wang Di , Wei Fang , Kong Yufang , Deng Junhua , Lin Xiangmei , Wu Shaoqiang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Akabane virus (AKAV) is an important insect-borne virus which is widely distributed in the tropical and temperate zones of Asia and Africa and is considered as a great threat in herbivores.Results: An AKAV defined as TJ2016 was firstly isolated from the serum of cattle in China in 2016. Sequence analysis of the S and M segments suggested that the isolated TJ2016 was closely related to the strains JaGAr39 and JaLAB39, which belonged to genogroup II. To further study the pathogenic mechanism of AKAV, the full-length cDNA clone of TJ-2016 S, M, and L segment was separately constructed into the TVT7R plasmid under the control of T7 promoter which named as TVT7R-S, TVT7R-M, and TVT7R-L, respectively. Then, the three constructed plasmids were transfected into the BSR-T7/5 cells simultaneously with a ratio of 1:1:1 to rescue AKAV. Compared with the parental wild type AKAV (wtAKAV), the rescued virus (rAKAV) was proved to have similar cytopathic effects (CPE), plaque sizes and growth kinetics in BHK-21 cells.Conclusion: We successfully isolated a AKAV strain TJ2016 from the serum of cattle and established a reverse genetic platform for AKAV genome manipulation. The established reverse genetic system is also a powerful tool which can be used for further AKAV pathogenesis and even vaccine studies.