bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Many Metamorphoses of Related Rights in EU Copyright Law: Unintended Consequences or Inevitable Developments?
Authors: Sganga Caterina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Neighboring rights have always been neglected by copyright scholars, despite a steady increase of their economic relevance and market role across the decades. The situation has changed in the past two decades when, in response to the epochal shifts to which such rights have been subject, commentators have transferred their focus to the legislative and judicial evolution of neighboring rights. These changes, in fact, have had a substantial impact on the texture of EU copyright law and of the common core of EU Member States’ laws, which may – or may not – represent the beginning of a new era for the relationship between copyright and related rights. To understand the drivers and purpose of the various legislative reforms and the CJEU’s responses in the field, and the challenges they have posed to the consistency and internal balance of the EU copyright system, it is essential to analyze their roots and key features. To this end, this article will offer a brief overview of the legislative path that led from the Rome Convention to the debate preceding the Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market (CDSMD), with a focus on the introduction of sui generis rights and ancillary copyright (Section II). It will then comment on the nature and features of the new press publishers’ right under Art. 15 CDSMD, focusing on its strengths and pitfalls (Section III). The statutory analysis will be coupled with a comment on the four ‘waves’ of the CJEU’s judicial practice (Section IV), leading to a brief assessment and conclusions on the way forward (Section V).
Novel frameshift mutation in STK33 is associated with asthenozoospermia and multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella
Authors: Ma Hui , Zhang Beibei , Khan Asad , Zhao Daren , Ma Ao , Zhou Jianteng , Khan Ihsan , Khan Khalid , Zhang Huan , Zhang Yuanwei , Jiang Xiaohua , Dil Sobia , Zeb Aurang , Rahim Fazal , Shi Qinghua 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Serine/threonine kinases domain-containing proteins are known to play important functions in sperm flagella and male fertility. However, the roles of these proteins in human reproduction remain poorly understood and whether their variants are associated with human asthenozoospermia have not been reported. Here, we recruited a Pakistani family having four infertile patients diagnosed with idiopathic asthenozoospermia without any ciliary-related symptoms. Whole-exome sequencing identified a novel homozygous frameshift mutation (c.1235del, p.T412Kfs*14) in serine/threonine kinase 33 (STK33), which displays a highly conserved and predominant expression in testis in humans. This variant led to a dramatic reduction of STK33 messenger RNA (mRNA) in the patients. Patients homozygous for the STK33 variant presented reduced sperm motility, frequent morphological abnormalities of sperm flagella and completely disorganized flagellar ultrastructures, which are typical for multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF) phenotypes. Overall, these findings present evidence establishing that STK33 is an MMAF-related gene and provide new insights for understanding the role of serine/threonine kinases domain-containing proteins in human male reproduction.
Cost-benefit analysis in rights adjudication—An assessment in light of the proportionality debate: A reply to Yun-chien Chang and Xin Dai
Authors: Caviedes Cristóbal , Urbina Francisco J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this article, we analyze Yun-chien Chang and Xin Dai’s proposal for replacing the proportionality test with cost-benefit analysis in their article “The Limited Usefulness of the Proportionality Principle.” We assess this proposal by considering the objections generally raised against the proportionality test. We claim that such objections also apply to cost-benefit analysis, thus raising concerns about its adequacy for rights adjudication.
Gestational age at term delivery and children’s neurocognitive development
Authors: Gleason Jessica L , Gilman Stephen E , Sundaram Rajeshwari , Yeung Edwina , Putnick Diane L , Vafai Yassaman , Saha Abhisek , Grantz Katherine L 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Preterm birth is associated with lower neurocognitive performance. However, whether children’s neurodevelopment improves with longer gestations within the full-term range (37–41 weeks) is unclear. Given the high rate of obstetric intervention in the USA, it is critical to determine whether long-term outcomes differ for children delivered at each week of term.

Methods
This secondary analysis included 39 199 live-born singleton children of women who were admitted to the hospital in spontaneous labour from the US Collaborative Perinatal Project (1959–76). At each week of term gestation, we evaluated development at 8 months using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 4 years using the Stanford–Binet IQ (SBIQ) domains and 7 years using the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children (WISC) and Wide-Range Achievement Tests (WRAT).

Results
Children’s neurocognitive performance improved with each week of gestation from 37 weeks, peaking at 40 or 41 weeks. Relative to those delivered at 40 weeks, children had lower neurocognitive scores at 37 and 38 weeks for all assessments except SBIQ and WISC Performance IQ. Children delivered at 39 weeks had lower Bayley Mental (β = −1.18; confidence interval −1.77, −0.58) and Psychomotor (β = −1.18; confidence interval −1.90, −0.46) scores. Results were similar for within-family analyses comparing siblings, with the addition of lower WRAT scores at 39 weeks.

Conclusions
The improvement in development scores across assessment periods indicates that each week up to 40 or 41 weeks of gestation is important for short- and long-term cognitive development, suggesting 40–41 weeks may be the ideal delivery window for optimal neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Estimates on the generalization error of physics-informed neural networks for approximating a class of inverse problems for PDEs
Authors: Mishra Siddhartha , Molinaro Roberto 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently been very successfully applied for efficiently approximating inverse problems for partial differential equations (PDEs). We focus on a particular class of inverse problems, the so-called data assimilation or unique continuation problems, and prove rigorous estimates on the generalization error of PINNs approximating them. An abstract framework is presented and conditional stability estimates for the underlying inverse problem are employed to derive the estimate on the PINN generalization error, providing rigorous justification for the use of PINNs in this context. The abstract framework is illustrated with examples of four prototypical linear PDEs. Numerical experiments, validating the proposed theory, are also presented.
Adaptive immunity and vaccination – iron in the spotlight
Authors: Preston Alexandra E , Drakesmith Hal , Frost Joe N 
Published: June 2021

Summary
Vaccination programmes are critically important to suppress the burden of infectious diseases, saving countless lives globally, as emphasised by the current COVID-19 pandemic. Effective adaptive immune responses are complex processes subject to multiple influences. Recent genetic, pre-clinical, and clinical studies have converged to show that availability of iron is a key factor regulating the development of T and B cell responses to infection and immunisation. Lymphocytes obtain iron from circulating transferrin. The amount of iron bound to transferrin is dependent on dietary iron availability and is decreased during inflammation via upregulation of the iron-regulatory hormone, hepcidin. As iron deficiency and chronic inflammatory states are both globally prevalent health problems, the potential impact of low iron availability on immune responses is significant. We describe the evidence supporting the importance of iron in immunity, highlight important unknowns, and discuss how therapeutic interventions to modulate iron availability might be implementable in the context of vaccination and infectious disease.
On Unitarizable Harish-Chandra Bimodules for Deformations of Type-A Kleinian Singularities
Authors: Klyuev Daniil 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The notion of a Harish-Chandra bimodule, that is, finitely generated $U(\mathfrak {g})$-bimodule with locally finite adjoint action, was generalized to any filtered algebra in a work of Losev [9]. Similarly to the classical case we can define the notion of a unitarizable bimodule. We investigate a question when the regular bimodule, that is, the algebra itself, for a deformation of Kleinian singularity of type $A$ is unitarizable. We obtain a partial classification of unitarizable regular bimodules.
Geospatial distribution and bypassing health facilities among National Health Insurance Scheme enrollees: implications for universal health coverage in Nigeria
Authors: Adewole David A , Reid Steve , Oni Tolu , Adebowale Ayo S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
This study was carried out to enable an assessment of geospatial distribution and access to healthcare facilities under the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) of Nigeria. The findings will be useful for efficient planning and equitable distribution of healthcare resources.

Methods
Data, including the distribution of selected health facilities, were collected in Ibadan, Nigeria. The location of all facilities was recorded using Global Positioning System and was subsequently mapped using ArcGIS software to produce spider-web diagrams displaying the spatial distribution of all health facilities.

Results
The result of clustering analysis of health facilities shows that there is a statistically significant hotspot of health facility at 99% confidence located around the urban areas of Ibadan. The significant hotspot result is dominated by a feature with a high value and is surrounded by other features also with high values. Away from the urban built-up area of Ibadan, health facility clustering is not statistically significant. There was also a high level (94%) of bypassing of NHIS-accredited facilities among the enrollees.

Conclusions
Lopsided distribution of health facilities in the study area should be corrected as this may result in inequity of access to available health services.
Pathways to Deeper News Engagement: Factors Influencing Click Behaviors on News Sites
Authors: Collier Jessica R. , Dunaway Johanna , Stroud Natalie Jomini 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

This study draws on models of motivated news exposure and literature on affordances to examine how devices (i.e., PC or mobile) and paths to exposure (i.e., news homepages, search, or social referrals) relate to people’s behavior on news sites. Using behavioral data from seven local broadcast news sites, we assess how the device used and referral site affect whether people click on links to more news. We experimentally test four components of the presentation of links on news sites: content, labels, location on page, and images. Findings show that accessing news via social media and mobile devices reduces clicks relative to other paths and devices. Further, link presentation matters; for instance, links to Related content yielded more clicks than Popular content for those coming from search or a news homepage on PCs. We advance a conditional explanation of motivated news exposure and identify practical insights for news organizations.

Lay Summary
The devices people use (PC or mobile) and the paths they take to news (news homepage, search, or social referrals) relate to their behaviors once on a news site. Using data from seven local broadcast news sites, we assess how devices and referral sites affect whether people click on links to more news. We test four components of the presentation of links on news sites: content, labels, location on page, and images. We find that accessing news via social media and mobile devices leads to fewer clicks compared to other pathways to news. We also find that how links are presented matters. For example, the highest click-through rate we observed was when people using a PC and a search engine to visit a news site saw Related links at the end of a page accompanied by images and labeled in a way that appealed to social motivations. These conditional pathways are important for understanding news exposure and can provide practical insights for news organizations.
Virtual randomized study comparing lobectomy and particle beam therapy for clinical stage IA non-small cell lung cancer in operable patients
Authors: Seo Young-Seok , Park Woo-Yoon , Kim Si-Wook , Kim Dohun , Min Byung Jun , Kim Won-Dong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo the best of our knowledge there have been no randomized controlled trials comparing lobectomy—a standard treatment for patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)—and particle beam therapy (PBT), the best performing existing radiotherapy. We conducted a virtual randomized trial in medically operable patients with stage IA NSCLC to compare lobectomy and PBT effectiveness. A Markov model was developed to predict life expectancy after lobectomy and PBT in a cohort of patients with stage IA NSCLC. Ten thousand virtual patients were randomly assigned to each group. Sensitivity analyses were performed as model variables and scenarios changed to determine which treatment strategy was best for improving life expectancy. All estimated model parameters were determined using variables extracted from a systematic literature review of previously published articles. The preferred strategy differed depending on patient age. In young patients, lobectomy showed better life expectancy than that of PBT. The difference in life expectancy between lobectomy and PBT was statistically insignificant in older patients. Our model predicted lobectomy as the preferred strategy when operative mortality was under 5%. However, the preferred strategy changed to PBT if operative mortality post lobectomy was over 5%. For medically operable patients with stage IA NSCLC, our Markov model revealed the preferred strategy of lobectomy or PBT regarding operative mortality changed with varying age and comorbidity. Until randomized controlled trial results become available, we hope the current results will provide a rationale background for clinicians to decide treatment modalities for patients with stage IA NSCLC.
The impact of self-interacting dark matter on the intrinsic alignments of galaxies
Authors: Harvey David , Chisari Nora Elisa , Robertson Andrew , McCarthy Ian G 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
The formation and evolution of galaxies is known to be sensitive to tidal processes leading to intrinsic correlations between their shapes and orientations. Such correlations can be measured to high significance today, suggesting that cosmological information can be extracted from them. Among the most pressing questions in particle physics and cosmology is the nature of dark matter. If dark matter is self-interacting, it can leave an imprint on galaxy shapes. In this work, we investigate whether self-interactions can produce a long-lasting imprint on intrinsic galaxy shape correlations. We investigate this observable at low redshift (z &lt; 0.4) using a state-of-the-art suite of cosmological hydro-dynamical simulations where the dark matter model is varied. We find that dark matter self-interactions induce a mass-dependent suppression in the intrinsic alignment signal by up to 50 per cent out to tens of mega-parsecs, showing that self-interactions can impact structure outside the very core of clusters. We find evidence that self-interactions have a scale-dependent impact on the intrinsic alignment signal that is sufficiently different from signatures introduced by differing baryonic physics prescriptions, suggesting that it is detectable with upcoming all-sky surveys.
Results of a Team Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) in a Patient with Pain
Authors: Barreveld Antje M , Flanagan Jane M , Arnstein Paul , Handa Shruti , Hernández-Nuño de la Rosa María F , Matthews Michele L , Shaefer Jeffry R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Purpose
As rates of chronic pain and opioid use disorder continue to rise, improved pain education is essential. Using an interprofessional team objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) simulation, this study evaluates whether prior exposure to a case-based learning module improves students’ assessment and treatment planning of a standardized patient prescribed chronic opioids presenting with acute pain.

Methods
A quasi-experimental mixed method approach using convenience sampling was employed to evaluate student performance and the impact of the educational intervention.

Results
Fourteen (intervention) and 16 (control) nurse practitioner, physician assistant, medical, pharmacy, and dental students in the final pre-licensure program years completed the team OSCE. Demographics, OSCE learning scores, Interprofessional Attitudes Scale scores, and pain management plans did not differ between groups. All students evaluated the activity highly. Qualitative analysis did not demonstrate differences between groups, but did identify similar themes: students missed opportunities to establish patient-provider rapport and educate across disciplines; opioid use disorder was assumed with chronic opioid therapy; team discussions improved treatment plans; moderators variably influenced team discussion.

Conclusions
This novel approach to interprofessional training in pain management using a team OSCE is promising, with modifications suggested. A case-based learning module without structured education prior to the OSCE did not improve students’ assessment and pain management skills compared to a control group. Nonetheless, important themes emerged including biases towards the standardized patient. Additional research is needed to develop effective curricular initiatives to foster and improve interprofessional collaboration in assessing and managing a standardized patient with acute and chronic pain.
Extrapolative Bubbles and Trading Volume
Authors: Liao Jingchi , Peng Cameron , Zhu Ning 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We propose an extrapolative model of bubbles to explain the sharp rise in prices and volume observed in historical financial bubbles. The model generates a novel mechanism for volume: because of the interaction between extrapolative beliefs and disposition effects, investors are quick to not only buy assets with positive past returns but also sell them if good returns continue. Using account-level transaction data on the 2014–2015 Chinese stock market bubble, we test and confirm the model’s predictions about trading volume. We quantify the magnitude of the proposed mechanism and show that it can increase trading volume by another 30$\%$.
Attuning and Queering SAMHSA’s Strategic Prevention Framework
Authors: Mendoza Natasha S , Mackey Cynthia , Harner Vern , Jackson Kelly 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo prevent substance use disorder (SUD) and its consequences, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration developed the Strategic Prevention Framework (SPF). The SPF is a structured planning model that evaluates community behavioral health needs and facilitates prevention planning to address substance use concerns. Despite the SPF’s stated foundation in cultural competency, the framework lacks appropriate guidelines to address systemic oppression of historically marginalized communities. Thus, the authors propose that an SPF based on a cultural attunement framework can enhance prevention-based social workers’ ability to dismantle systemic barriers that create and perpetuate health disparities surrounding substance use and treatment for SUD. Using an example scenario, authors offer recommendations for social workers seeking to expand the SPF and fully actualize its application.
Focus on How Plants Engage With Beneficial Microorganisms While at the Same Time Restricting Pathogens
Authors: Harris Jeanne M. , Jones Kathryn M. , Wang Dong , Zuccaro Alga 
Published: June 2021

Plants live in a world filled with microbes, and spend their lives engaged in the delicate dance of nurturing beneficial interactions while simultaneously reducing disease-causing interactions. How do plants engage with beneficial microorganisms while at the same time restricting pathogens? was recently selected in a crowd-sourced effort as the top, unanswered question in the field of molecular plant-microbe interactions. Elaborating on this question and setting the stage for this focus issue , the Top10 review by Thoms, Liang and Haney examines the way multiple inputs are integrated to initiate programs of immunity or mutualistic symbiosis, and how this shapes the microbiome. This comprehensive review describes the current landscape of the field, focusing on the plant-microbe-soil continuum, but providing ideas for extending these concepts to leaves, where much of the research on immunity has centered. Other papers in this issue examine the simultaneous interaction of plants with beneficial and pathogenic microorganisms, as well as many diverse relationships with beneficial microbes that can improve plant health by increasing access to nutrients or by decreasing disease. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake and Intent Among Emergency Healthcare Workers
Authors: Pacella-LaBarbara Maria L. , Park Yunseo Linda , Patterson P. Daniel , Doshi Ankur , Guyette Maria Koenig , Wong Ambrose H. , Chang Bernard P. , Suffoletto Brian P. 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
Vaccine hesitancy limits population protection from SARS-CoV (coronavirus disease [COVID-19]). Vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers (HCW) could put patients and coworkers at risk.

Methods:
We surveyed 475 emergency department and emergency medical service workers from January to February 2021 to determine vaccine intent/uptake, perceived COVID-19 vulnerability, and factors associated with vaccine intent/uptake.

Results:
Although 79% of HCWs received or had plans to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, 21% had no intent/were unvaccinated; intent/uptake was lower among females (odds ratio [OR] = 0.34) and those with a history of COVID-19 infection (OR = 0.55), and higher among those with advanced degrees (OR = 3.53) and high perceived COVID-19 vulnerability (OR = 1.99).

Conclusions:
This study provides a timely assessment of vaccination status among frontline HCWs and highlights subgroups who may be at high risk of exposure and transmission.