bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of anti‐rheumatic agents on the periodontal condition of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Jiamin , Xu Chao , Gao Liang , Zhang Dongmei , Li Chen , Liu Jingbo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of diverse anti‐rheumatic agents on the periodontal condition and to provide clinical medication guidance for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis.BackgroundIn recent years, the correlation between RA and periodontitis has become a hot research topic, but no medication recommendations for patients with RA and periodontitis are available at present.MethodsThe protocol of this review was registered in advance with PROSPERO (CRD42021248827). Electronic search and manual searches up to March 20, 2021 were conducted. The inclusion criteria for the studies were as follows: included patients diagnosed with periodontitis and RA submitted to anti‐rheumatic agent therapy; with a control group receiving no anti‐rheumatic agent therapy; with outcomes including at least one periodontal parameter. Probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were pooled using weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) while gingival index (GI)/modified gingival index (MGI) was analyzed by standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% CI.ResultsOne thousand four hundred and seventy‐eight studies potentially related to the aim of this review were screened, but only 463 patients from 14 studies were included in the qualitative analysis, and 146 patients from 4 studies were included in the meta‐analysis. Statistically significant reductions were observed among the subjects who received anti‐rheumatic agents for PD [WMD = −0.20; 95% CI (−0.33, −0.07); effect p = .003; I2 = 50%; p = .11], CAL [WMD = −0.4; 95% CI (−0.66, −0.15); effect p = .002; I2 = 57%; p = .07] and GI/MGI [SMD = −0.61;95% CI (−0.94, −0.27; effect p = .0004; I2 = 26%; p = .25]. Consistent with the above results, this systematic review produced promising results that PD, CAL, GI/MGI, and bleeding on probing (BOP) decreased when patients with RA and periodontitis were treated with conventional synthetic disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs), anti‐B lymphocyte agents, anti‐IL‐6R agents, or JAK inhibitors. PD and CAL declined after the administration of anti‐TNF‐α agents; most studies reported decreased GI/MGI and BOP, while 2 studies reported increased GI/MGI and BOP.ConclusionsThese results revealed that csDMARDs, anti‐B lymphocyte agents, anti‐IL‐6R agents, anti‐TNF‐α agents, and JAK inhibitors had potential positive effects in improving the periodontal condition of patients with RA and periodontitis. However, future research is needed to elucidate whether anti‐TNF‐α agents have a side effect of increased gingival inflammation.
Bricolage: A tool for race‐related, historically situated complex research
Authors: Wyatt Tasha R. , Zaidi Zareen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAs medical education grapples with larger issues of race and racism, researchers will need new tools to capture society's complex issues. One promising approach is bricolage, a methodological and theoretical approach that allows researchers to bend analytical tools to meet their needs. Bricolage is both a metaphor and an activity to describe the cognitively creative process researchers engage in while conducting interdisciplinary and multidimensional research.ProcessAt the heart of bricolage is the researchers' engagement in critical hermeneutics, which at its basic level recognises that all objects under study are subject to larger social, political, and historical forces that constrain individuals. Researching with bricolage treats objects of inquiry as part of a historically situated complex system. As such, data are interpreted in ways that build conceptual bridges between individuals' concrete experiences and concepts acknowledging larger social, historical, economic, and political forces.PearlsTo engage in bricolage, researchers should begin by reading and comparing ideas across disciplines to expose disciplinary‐specific assumptions, as well as learn about new theories, approaches and methods that might be utilised for a bricolage project. Researchers should also ask themselves philosophical questions to identify new readings or their data. And finally, researchers should experiment with analytical metaphors because they help to frame new relationships between seemingly unrelated theories, methods and concepts.As researchers engage in bricolage, they need to sidestep their training and over‐reliance on research protocols and checklists and engage in a creative tinkering to interpret the world in new ways. In doing so, scholars will be able to push traditional research boundaries and generate critical dialogue to move the field forward.
GhADF6‐mediated actin reorganization is associated with defence against Verticillium dahliae infection in cotton
Authors: Sun Yongduo , Zhong Mengmeng , Li Yuanbao , Zhang Ruihui , Su Lei , Xia Guixian , Wang Haiyun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSeveral studies have revealed that actin depolymerizing factors (ADFs) participate in plant defence responses; however, the functional mechanisms appear intricate and need further exploration. In this study, we identified an ADF6 gene in upland cotton (designated as GhADF6) that is evidently involved in cotton's response to the fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae. GhADF6 binds to actin filaments and possesses actin severing and depolymerizing activities in vitro and in vivo. When cotton root (the site of the fungus invasion) was inoculated with the pathogen, the expression of GhADF6 was markedly down‐regulated in the epidermal cells. By virus‐induced gene silencing analysis, the down‐regulation of GhADF6 expression rendered the cotton plants tolerant to V. dahliae infection. Accordingly, the abundance of actin filaments and bundles in the root cells was significantly higher than that in the control plant, which phenocopied that of the V. dahliae‐challenged wild‐type cotton plant. Altogether, our results provide evidence that an increase in filament actin (F‐actin) abundance as well as dynamic actin remodelling are required for plant defence against the invading pathogen, which are likely to be fulfilled by the coordinated expressional regulation of the actin‐binding proteins, including ADF.
Crop genetic erosion: understanding and responding to loss of crop diversity
Authors: Khoury Colin K. , Brush Stephen , Costich Denise E. , Curry Helen Anne , de Haan Stef , Engels Johannes M. M. , Guarino Luigi , Hoban Sean , Mercer Kristin L. , Miller Allison J. , Nabhan Gary P. , Perales Hugo R. , Richards Chris , Riggins Chance , Thormann Imke 
Published: September 2021

SummaryCrop diversity underpins the productivity, resilience and adaptive capacity of agriculture. Loss of this diversity, termed crop genetic erosion, is therefore concerning. While alarms regarding evident declines in crop diversity have been raised for over a century, the magnitude, trajectory, drivers and significance of these losses remain insufficiently understood. We outline the various definitions, measurements, scales and sources of information on crop genetic erosion. We then provide a synthesis of evidence regarding changes in the diversity of traditional crop landraces on farms, modern crop cultivars in agriculture, crop wild relatives in their natural habitats and crop genetic resources held in conservation repositories. This evidence indicates that marked losses, but also maintenance and increases in diversity, have occurred in all these contexts, the extent depending on species, taxonomic and geographic scale, and region, as well as analytical approach. We discuss steps needed to further advance knowledge around the agricultural and societal significance, as well as conservation implications, of crop genetic erosion. Finally, we propose actions to mitigate, stem and reverse further losses of crop diversity.
Intergenerational Precautionary Savings in Europe*
Authors: Scervini Francesco , Trucchi Serena 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study whether precautionary saving motives have an intergenerational component; namely whether and to what extent the income uncertainty of younger generations affects the savings of their parents. To this end, we exploit a cross‐country European longitudinal household dataset collecting information on parents and their offspring, augmented with indicators for their offspring's income risk. We find that savings significantly respond to changes in income risk, also across generations. This finding is robust to several checks and displays heterogeneity across countries, which is consistent with substitutability between private and public insurance tools.
Weight stigma and obesity‐related policies: A systematic review of the state of the literature
Authors: Hill Briony , Bergmeier Heidi , Incollingo Rodriguez Angela C. , Barlow Fiona Kate , Chung Alexandra , Ramachandran Divya , Savaglio Melissa , Skouteris Helen 
Published: September 2021

SummaryWeight stigma is an important issue colliding with obesity‐related policies; both have population health and social impacts. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review of the peer‐reviewed literature that combined the concepts of stigma, obesity, and policy. We searched PsycINFO, Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar for peer‐reviewed articles amalgamating terms relevant to stigma, obesity, and policy. Of 3219 records identified, 47 were included in the narrative synthesis. Two key types of studies emerged: studies investigating factors associated with support for obesity‐related policies and those exploring policy implementation and evaluation. We found that support for nonstigmatizing obesity‐related policies was higher when obesity was attributed as an environmental rather than individual problem. An undercurrent theme suggested that views that blame individuals for their obesity were associated with support for punitive policies for people living in larger bodies. Real‐world policies often implicitly condoned stigma through poor language choice and conflicting discourse. Our findings inform recommendations for policy makers that broader socioecological stigma‐reduction approaches are needed to fully address the issue of weight stigma in obesity‐related policies. Efforts are needed in the research and policy sectors to understand how to improve the design and support of nonstigmatizing obesity‐related policies.
Volatile anesthetic agents for life‐threatening pediatric asthma: A multicenter retrospective cohort study and narrative review
Authors: Lew Alicia , Morrison John M. , Amankwah Ernest K. , Elliott Richard A. , Sochet Anthony A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundVolatile anesthetic agents are described as rescue therapy for children invasively ventilated for critical asthma. Yet, data are currently limited to case series.AimsUsing the Virtual Pediatric Systems database, we assessed children admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit invasively ventilated for life‐threatening asthma and hypothesized ventilation duration and mortality rates would be lower for subjects exposed to volatile anesthetics compared with those without exposure.MethodsWe performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study among nine institutions including children 5–17 years of age invasively ventilated for asthma from 2013 to 2019 with and without exposure to volatile anesthetics. Primary outcomes were ventilation duration and mortality. Secondary outcomes included patient characteristics, length of stay, and anesthetic‐related adverse events. A subgroup analysis was performed evaluating children intubated ≥2 days.ResultsOf 203 children included in study, there were 29 (14.3%) with and 174 (85.7%) without exposure to volatiles. No differences in odds of mortality (1.1, 95% CI: 0.3–3.9, p > .999) were observed. Subjects receiving volatiles experienced greater median difference in length of stay (4.8, 95% CI: 1.9–7.8 days, p < .001), ventilation duration (2.3, 95% CI: 1–3.3 days, p < .001), and odds of extracorporeal life support (9.1, 95% CI: 1.9–43.2, p = .009) than those without volatile exposure. For those ventilated ≥2 days, no differences were detected in mortality, ventilation duration, length of stay, arrhythmias, or acute renal failure. However, the odds of extracorporeal life support remained greater for those receiving volatiles (7.6, 95% CI: 1.3–44.5, p = .027). No children experienced malignant hyperthermia or hepatic failure after volatile exposure.ConclusionsFor intubated children for asthma, no differences in mechanical ventilation duration or mortality between those with and without volatile anesthetic exposure were observed. Although volatiles may represent a viable rescue therapy for severe cases of asthma, definitive, and prospective trials are still needed.
A case of disseminated Lyme disease in a child with skin of color
Authors: Bax Christina E. , Clark Ashley K. , Oboite Michelle , Treat James R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDisseminated Lyme disease requires treatment to prevent severe sequelae, particularly neurologic. We report here a case of disseminated Lyme disease in a patient with skin of color. Pediatric dermatologists must maintain a high clinical suspicion for Lyme disease and be aware of how typical cutaneous findings may appear differently in skin of color.
Recurrent reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption (RIME) in two adolescents triggered by several distinct pathogens including SARS‐CoV‐2 and influenza A
Authors: Song Amy , Nicholson Cynthia , Maguiness Sheilagh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractReactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption (RIME) was proposed as new terminology to encompass postinfectious mucocutaneous eruptions. The term includes all postinfectious mucocutaneous eruptions such as the widely reported Mycoplasma pneumoniae‐induced rash and mucositis (MIRM). Very few reports in the literature regarding recurrent RIME are found. We present two adolescent cases of recurrent RIME that involve SARS‐CoV‐2 and influenza A where the latter is a newly reported infectious trigger; in both patients, the initial episode was likely triggered by Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection.
Pediatric hematidrosis – A case report and review of the literature and pathogenesis
Authors: Shafique David A. , Hickman Alexandra W. , Thorne Amy , Elwood Hillary R. , Zlotoff Barrett J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHematidrosis is a disorder in which blood‐tinged fluid exudes from uninjured skin or mucosa. It is often classified as an eccrine sweat disorder, though the precise mechanism—including involvement of sweat glands—has yet to be proven. In contemporary case reports, hematidrosis appears most frequently in the pediatric population, with 83% of cases in the literature since 2008 occurring in individuals 18 years old or younger. We present here a case of a 10‐year‐old girl with hematidrosis followed by a review of the literature, with an emphasis on the features of this condition in the pediatric population.
Experience using dupilumab for pediatric atopic dermatitis at a tertiary care c enter: Inadequate response and adverse events
Authors: McKenzie Paige L. , Rangu Sneha , Treat James R. , Castelo‐Soccio Leslie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveDupilumab is highly effective in treating atopic dermatitis (AD). However, some patients experience difficulties with dupilumab therapy, such as inadequate clinical response, failure to achieve long‐term disease control, or adverse events (AEs). Our objective is to assess inadequate response and AEs occurring in children on dupilumab therapy for AD.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of children on dupilumab for AD. Collected variables included patient demographics, medical histories, and dupilumab therapy characteristics. Response analysis was conducted in those with ≥3 months of dupilumab therapy: primary poor responders were defined as those whose EASI scores did not decrease by >50%, and secondary poor responders were those who initially responded but had significant AD flares while on therapy.ResultsWe included 200 patients on dupilumab for AD in our cohort; 192 received ≥3 months of therapy and were included in our response analysis. Twelve children experienced inadequate primary response, and 4 were secondary poor responders. Four of these 16 children discontinued therapy due to inadequate response.The most common dupilumab‐associated AEs were facial erythema (n = 24, 12.0%) and injection‐site reactions (n = 24, 12.0%). Female sex was significantly associated with experiencing injection‐site reactions, and prior hospitalization was significantly associated with HSV infection on dupilumab. Eight patients discontinued therapy due to an AE.ConclusionA small but significant number of patients experienced treatment difficulties while on dupilumab. The risk of inadequate response to dupilumab and dupilumab‐associated AEs should be discussed thoroughly with patients and their families prior to initiation.
Isotretinoin‐induced visual hallucinations in a patient with acne vulgaris
Authors: Demirci Saadet Elif 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOral isotretinoin is an effective treatment for severe acne. However, psychiatric side effects are noted, including a few cases of psychosis and mania triggered by isotretinoin. In this report, we present a case of visual hallucinations due to isotretinoin. In our case, with the discontinuation of isotretinoin, the hallucinations regressed and no other cause was found.
Telemedicine in monitoring pediatric LT patients before and during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Musaoğlu Mirac , Yuksel Muhammed , Mizikoglu Ozlem , Arikan Cigdem 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe delivery of healthcare services by telemedicine decreases costs of traveling for patients, is less time‐consuming, and most importantly permits the connection between highly skilled specialists and patients. However, whether the use of telemedicine (text messaging) for LT patients was affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic is unknown.MethodsWe collected data (following consent from patients and parents) from 57 patients (33 male/24 female) with a median age of 47 (IQR: 9–91) months, whom we followed up with text messaging between September 2019 and September 2020, spanning the 6 months prior to COVID‐19 and during this period.ResultsIn total, 723 text message mediated consultations occurred during this period, henceforth simply referred to as “messages.” Three hundred and twenty‐eight (45%) messages occurred during the 6 months up to the start of the pandemic. Following the COVID‐19 outbreak, the number of messages increased to 395 (55%). The three most common reasons of messaging were post‐liver‐LT follow‐up messages (n = 215/723, 29.7%), consultations for drug use (n = 157/723, 21.7%), and medication prescriptions (n = 113/723, 15.6%). Protocol biopsy discussions (n = 33/723, 4.6%) and fever (n = 27/723, 3.7%) were among others (vaccination, rash, diarrhea, cough, fatigue, acne). During the COVID‐19 outbreak, only post‐LT follow‐up messages increased significantly to 132/395 (33%) from 83/328 (25%) (p‐value: .02).ConclusionsWe found that the pandemic resulted in an increase in the total number of text message mediated consultations and specifically for the use of post‐LT follow‐up. Messaging was effective for post‐LT follow‐ups and all patients were at least satisfied.
Factors associated with the utilization of community assessment models among Japanese nurses
Authors: Shiomi Misa , Yoshioka‐Maeda Kyoko , Kotera Sayaka , Ushio Yuko , Takemura Kazuko 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to identify factors related to the practical utilization of community health needs assessment (CHNA) models that public health nurses (PHNs) learned in their fundamental education.DesignA nationwide questionnaire survey was conducted via postal mail.SampleWe randomly selected 630 public health institutes in Japan. The participants were 3397 full‐time novice and mid‐level PHNs.MeasurementsThe questionnaire included the participants’ basic personal information, six items regarding the perception of CHNA with a 4‐point Likert scale, learned models in their undergraduate education, their utilization in practical settings, and the reasons for their answer in narrative form.ResultsThere were 951 valid responses. The results of logistic regression showed that the significant positively factors with model utilization were perception of CHNA as “not troublesome” or “not impossible as they learned,” continuing education with 5 years of experience, and identification of the learned model in continuing education. Furthermore, the results of text mining showed the reasons for non‐utilization of the model included being “busy” and having a lack of “opportunity.”ConclusionsThis study showed the associated factors with rare utilization of a learned model for PHNs. These findings may suggest improvement of continuing education and development of an appropriate assessment model.
Photosensitized Protein Damage by DiethyleneglycoxyP(V)tetrakis(p‐n‐butoxyphenyl)porphyrin Through Electron Transfer: Activity Control Through Self‐aggregation and Dissociation
Authors: Hirakawa Kazutaka , Yoshida Mami , Hirano Toru , Nakazaki Jotaro , Segawa Hiroshi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDiethyleneglycoxyP(V)tetrakis(p‐n‐butoxyphenyl)porphyrin (EGP(V)TBPP) forms a self‐aggregation in an aqueous solution, and the photoexcited state of this molecule was effectively deactivated. Association with human serum albumin (HSA), a water‐soluble protein, causes dissociation of the self‐aggregation, resulting in recovery of the photosensitizer activity of EGP(V)TBPP. Under visible light irradiation, EGP(V)TBPP photosensitized HSA oxidation. The photosensitized singlet oxygen–generating activity of EGP(V)TBPP was confirmed by near‐infrared emission measurement. A singlet oxygen quencher, sodium azide, partially inhibited the HSA photodamage; however, the quenching effect was estimated to be 57%. Another 43% of the HSA photodamage could be explained by the electron transfer mechanism. The redox potential of EGP(V)TBPP and the calculated Gibbs energy of electron transfer from tryptophan to photoexcited EGP(V)TBPP demonstrated the possibility of HSA oxidation through electron extraction. Fluorescence lifetime measurements of EGP(V)TBPP verified the electron transfer from HSA. The photosensitizer activity of EGP(V)TBPP can be controlled through an association with biomolecules, such as protein, and the electron transfer–mediated biomolecule photooxidation plays an important role in photodynamic therapy under hypoxia.