bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Dissolve Organic Matter Nn Cd Contaminated Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Growth and Cd Uptake
Authors: Min Tao , Luo Tong , Chen Lili , Wang Yan , Cheng Liyang , Sibo Ru , Li Junhua , Lu Weidan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of originating from cotton straw dissolved organic matter (CM) and farmyard manure dissolved organic matter (FM) on the physiological growth and Cd uptake and transport of cotton under two exogenous Cd addition gradients (5 mg·kg− 1 and 10 mg·kg− 1; 0 mg·kg− 1 as control) by pot experiments, and characterized the structures of CM and FM by UV-Visible spectroscopy. The results showed that CM had more low aromatic and low molecular weight hydrophibic fulvic acid fractions than FM. Cd stress reduced the total biomass (especially the lints), leaf photosynthetic intensity and SPAD value, increased the Cd content and transport coefficient in all parts of cotton, and stimulated the oxidative stress response in leaves. At low Cd levels (no exogenous Cd addition), application of DOM promoted cotton growth and increased leaf photosynthetic intensity and SPAD values; at medium to high Cd levels (5 mg·kg− 1 and 10 mg·kg− 1 exgenous Cd addition), application of DOM exhibited inhibitory effects on cotton growth (as shown by reduced leaf photosynthetic capacity, altered membrane antioxidant regulation) and changed Cd content in various parts of cotton. In addition, the inhibitory effect of CM on cotton growth and the ability to change Cd content in all parts was greater than that of FM. The redundancy analysis showed that the effect of DOM addition on cotton growth changed from promotion to inhibition when the level of exogenous Cd contamination reached 5 mg·kg− 1. Therefore, both straw return and farmyard manure application (especially straw return) in agricultural fields with high Cd contamination levels (≥ 5 mg·kg− 1) can be harmful to cotton physiological growth and pose a threat to cotton production.
A description of self-medication with cannabis among adults with legal access to cannabis
Authors: Asselin Antoine , Lamarre Olivier Beauparlant , Chamberland Richard , Neil Sarah-Jeanne Mc , Demers Éric , Zongo Arsene 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective

Little is known about self-medication with cannabis post-recreational cannabis legalization in Canada. We aimed to establish a detailed portrait of self-medication with cannabis among adults in Quebec.
Methods

We conducted an online survey from November 2020 to January 2021 among individuals aged ≥ 21 years, who endorsed using cannabis bought in legal recreational cannabis stores to self-medicate a health condition. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and stratified according to sex, age and the type of cannabis use (exclusively medical versus medical and recreational use).
Results

489 participants were included. Median age was 34 years, and 48% were women. About 25% reported an exclusive medical use of cannabis. Treated conditions included anxiety (70%), insomnia (56%), pain (53%), depression (37%), and many other. Reasons for not consulting in cannabis clinics included lack of information (52%), complexity of the process (39%), accessibility of cannabis clinics (23%) and other.
Comparing Chemoradiation, 125I Seed Implantation Combined with Chemotherapy, and Chemotherapy Alone Efficacy in Treating Unresectable Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Zheng Yanfen , Huang Rui , Zou Wenxue , Liu Chao , Jiang Shumei , Niu Hongxin , Yue Jinbo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The prognosis of unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) remains dismal, and the optimal modality is unclear. This study compared four common treatments for LAPC, including concurrent chemotherapy combined with high-dose radiation (DT>50Gy) (CCHRT), concurrent chemotherapy combined with low-dose radiation (DT50 Gy) (CCLRT), 125I seed implantation combined with chemotherapy, and chemotherapy alone (CA).Materials/Methods: 89 patients with unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer were enrolled in this retrospective study. Overall survival was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression. All four groups were first compared simultaneously and then in every two.Results: In the parallel comparison of all four groups, CCHRT-receiving patients demonstrated better OS benefits than their CCLRT-, 125I seed implantation combined with chemotherapy-, or CA-receiving counterparts (P=0.030). Comparisons in pairs revealed that patients given CCHRT showed significantly better OS benefits than those receiving CCLRT (13 vs. 7 months, P=0.006). CCHRT-receiving patients also had significantly better OS than their 125I seed implantation combined with chemotherapy-receiving counterparts (13 vs. 10 months, P=0.003). However, there was no statistical difference in OS between CCHRT- and CA-receiving patients, CCLRT- and 125I seed implantation combined with chemotherapy-receiving patients, CCLRT- and CA-receiving patients, 125I seed implantation combined with chemotherapy- and CA-receiving patients.Conclusions: CCHRT-receiving patients with unresectable LAPC demonstrated better OS than those on CCLRT, 125I seed implantation combined with chemotherapy, or CA. Further randomized clinical trials are warranted.
Exploring the Nitrogen Reservoir of Biodegradable Household Garbage and its Potential in Replacing Chemical Fertilizers in China
Authors: Wang Lan , Qin Tianyu , Zhao Jianshe , Zhang Yicheng , Wu Zhiyuan , Cui Xiaohui , Zhou Gaifang , Li Caihong , Guo Liyue , Jiang Gaoming 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Biodegradable household garbage contains a large amount of nitrogen which could be used as organic fertilizers to produce organic foods, thus mitigating environmental pollution at the root. However, due to the complex composition of household garbage and its uneven distributions from urban to rural areas, it is not clear how large the biomass nitrogen reservoir is in a certain country or region. Here we took China as a case, systematically analyzed the amount of biodegradable household garbage resources and their nitrogen reservoirs. It was noted that the biodegradable household garbage mainly included food waste, waste paper and wood chips, with the amounts being 31.56, 29.55, and 6.45 million t·a− 1, respectively. Accordingly, the nitrogen reservoirs were 65.31×104, 6.80×104, and 3.81×104 t·a− 1 in China. Regardless of provinces or provincial capital cities, there were significant positive linear correlations between the gross domestic product and the amounts of foods wasted, indicating that China’s fast economic development was at the cost of huge food waste. However, if the food waste were used as organic fertilizers, chemical nitrogen fertilizers would have been greatly reduced. We found that food waste nitrogen reservoir accounted for 86% of the total, with its nitrogen reservoir being equivalent to 11% of the amount of actual absorption for synthetic nitrogen fertilizers (6.20 million t·a− 1) by agriculture plants in the country. Our findings provided a scientific basis for the classification and utilization of biodegradable household garbage, ensuring food security, and eliminating environmental pollution.
Characteristics and Potential Ecological Risks of Heavy Metal Pollution in Surface Soil Around Coal-fired Power Plant
Authors: hu yunhu , you mu , Liu Guijian , dong zhongbing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The concentrations of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb and Zn) in surface soils in the area surrounding a coal-fired power plant in China were measured, the distribution characteristics of heavy metals in different wind directions were analyzed, and the pollution degree of heavy metal in soil was evaluated. The soil around the power plant is generally polluted by heavy metals, and the degree of pollution is heavy pollution and moderate pollution. The potential ecological hazard of heavy metals in soil is moderate or slight. The values of Nemerow index and potential ecological risk index are different among different directions and different distances from the power plant. Cd, Hg and As are the mainly contributors for the potential ecological risk. The results revealed that wind direction is important for the distribution of heavy metal around coal-fired power plant. The study can provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and management of soil heavy metal pollution around coal-fired power plant.
Sec23a Inhibits The Self-Renewal of Melanoma Cancer Stem Cells via Inactivation of ER-Phagy
Authors: Xing H.Rosie , Sun Zhiwei , Liu Doudou , Zeng Bin , Zhao Qiting , Li Xiaoshuang , Chen Hao , Wang Jianyu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

The genesis and developments of solid tumors, analogous to the renewal of healthy tissues, are driven by a subpopulation of dedicated stem cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), that exhibit long-tern clonal repopulation and self-renewal capacity. CSCs may regulate tumor initiation, growth, dormancy, metastasis, recurrence and chemoresistance. While autophagy has been proposed as a regulator of the stemness of CSCs, the underlying mechanisms requires further elucidation.
Methods

The subpopulation of CSCs in human melanoma cell line M14 was established by repetitive enrichments for cells that consistently display anchorage-independent spheroid growth. The stemness properties of the CSCs were confirmed in vitro by the expressions of stemness marker genes, the single-cell cloning assay and the serial spheroid formation assay. Subcutaneous tumor transplantation assay in BALB/c nude mice was performed to test the stemness properties of the CSCs in vivo. The autophagic activity in cells was confirmed by the protein level of LC3 and P62, mRFP-LC3B punta and cytoplasmic accumulation of autolysosomes. The morphology of ER was detected with transmission electron microscopy.
Results

In the present study, by employing a stable CSC cell line derived from human melanoma cell line M14, we show for the first time that Sec23a inhibits the self-renewal of melanoma CSCs via inactivation of ER-phagy. Mechanistically, inhibition of Sec23a reduces ER stress and consequently FAM134B-induced ER-phagy. Furthermore, TCGA data mining and analysis show that Sec23a is a favorable diagnostic and prognostic marker for human skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM).
Conclusion

Herein, this study has elucidated a new mechanism underlying the regulation of autophagy on stemness, i.e. CSCs can exploit the SEC23A/ER-stress/FAM134B/ER-phagy axis for the self-renewal. The results provide new ideas for comprehensive exploration of the regulatory network of CSC self-renewal and new potential targets for CSCs-based therapy strategies for malignant tumors.
Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Carcass Characteristics of Pigs Fed Diets Containing Amarula (Sclerocarya Birrea A. Rich) Nut Cake as Replacement To Soybean Meal
Authors: Mabena Maggy Palesa , Ratsaka Moses , Nkukwana Thobela , Malebana Ingrid , Nkosi Douglas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This experiment evaluated varying levels of Amarula (Sclerocarya birrea A. Rich) nut cake (ANC) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics in pigs. Thirty Large White × Landrace (LW × LR) pigs were stratified by weight (average live weight of 20 ± 5 kg) and randomly allocated to the five experimental diets that contained 0 (control), 50, 100, 150 and 200 g ANC/kg DM. Each pig served as a replicate unit, housed individually. Bodyweight, feed intake, average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded weekly throughout the trial period. On completion of the growth trial, following a 3-day adaptation, a nutrient digestibility study was conducted over 5 days. Thereafter, pigs were fasted for twelve hours, weighed, slaughtered, and carcass samples were collected for analysis. Feed intake was not affected by dietary treatment, but ADGs were reduced at ANC levels > 15%, resulting in poor FCR. Protein digestibility was reduced at ANC levels > 15%, while ether extract and fibre levels increased. Warm and cold carcass weights were lower at ANC levels > 15, with improved meat redness and lightness. It was concluded that ANC could replace SBM in the diet of growing pigs at less than 15% inclusion level.
Antioxidant System Alterations and Biological Health Status of Earthworms Following Long-term Exposure to Antibiotics Contaminated Poultry Litter
Authors: Junior Sidney Fernandes Sales , Silva Evelyn Oliveira da , Araujo Gabriel de Farias , Soares Lorena Oliveira Souza , Parente Cláudio Ernesto Taveira , Malm Olaf , Saggioro Enrico Mendes , Correia Fábio Veríssimo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Poultry litter is widely applied as a fertilizer even though it is one of the main antibiotic sources for agricultural soils. Long-term sublethal effects (56 days) on the antioxidant system of Eisenia andrei earthworms following exposure to fluoroquinolone-contaminated poultry litter (enrofloxacin + ciprofloxacin) at 5.0, 10 and 20 g kg-1 were evaluated. The following biomarkers were assessed: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-trasferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH) and a lipid peroxidation (LPO) proxy. Significant CAT and SOD increases and a moderate positive correlation (ρ = 0.67, p < 0.05) between these enzymes was observed. Glutathione-S-trasferase levels increased significantly at 10 g kg-1, while GSH exhibited a dose-dependent response at 5.0 mg kg-1 (4 - 106%), 10 mg kg-1 (28 - 330 %) and 20 mg kg-1 (45 - 472%). LPO levels exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing poultry litter concentrations of 8 - 170% (5.0 g kg-1), 7 - 104% (10 mg kg-1) and 3 - 6% (20 mg kg-1). A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) highlighted increased SOD and CAT activities, possibly due to increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations. Biological Health Status assessments based on the Biomarker Response Index indicate major alterations in the first month of exposure, changing to moderate in the second month. These findings indicate an antioxidant system attenuation trend. It is possible, however, that successive poultry litter applications may reduce the long-term recovery capacity of the evaluated biomarkers.
Stable Isotopic Variability of Daily Precipitation from Yungui Plateau of Southwest China: Insights from Moisture Source and Rainout Effect
Authors: Wu huawu , Fu Congsheng , Zhang Cicheng , Wei Zhongwang , Zhang Xinping 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Long-term continuous monitoring of precipitation isotopes has great potential to advance our understanding of mechanisms that determine stable isotope variability in hydrological processes of monsoon regions. This study presents a 4-year daily data set of precipitation isotopes from Yungui Plateau of southwest China, influenced by southwest monsoon and East Asian monsoon. The local meteoric water line [LMWL, δ2H=8.12 (±0.04) δ18O+11.2(±0.4)] was established at the Tengchong (TC) site, which was similar to the global meteoric water line (GMWL, δ2H=8 δ18O+10) indicating little secondary sub-cloud evaporation in the falling rain. Precipitation δ18O exhibited significant inverse relationships with precipitation amount (r = -0.42) and air temperature (r = -0.43) throughout the entire period, which indicated that precipitation isotopic variability largely depended on the local meteorological conditions. Precipitation δ18O values are characterized by remarkably seasonal variability: In the summer monsoon period, moisture sources primarily originated from BoB source towards TC site experiencing local moisture recycling over land. The air masses were derived from the northern region of Africa and East Asia with the longest transporting distance and cyclonic activity over the source region in the Fall-winter period characterized with the depleted δ18O values. Precipitation δ18O at the TC site was estimated by a Rayleigh fractionation model considering rainout over BoB and land (Myanmar) during the vapor advection, and local recycling processes consistent with the observed precipitation δ18O values. These findings enhance our understanding of hydrological cycle in the Southwest monsoon regions and will potentially facilitate the interpretation of numerous isotopic proxy records from this region.
Teleconsultation for pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus during the COVID-19 pandemic: experience of a university hospital in Brazil
Authors: Santana Yasmin Eugênia , Luciano Thais Milioni , Teodózio Ana Carolina Maia , Santana Amanda Maria Barradas Monteiro , Ramos Letícia Rodrigues , Alves Marília Oliveira Barbosa , Bastos Luiza Siqueira Rabelo , Cardoso Brena de Sá , Stecchini Mônica Freire , Custódio Rodrigo José , Junior Raphael Del Roio Liberatore Liberatore 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic expanded rapidly around the world in 2020 and health services needed to be reconfigured to meet the new demand and ensure the care of patients with chronic diseases. For patients with diabetes mellitus, the teleconsultation stood out as a tool for clinical management in this period. Objective: Evaluate the impact of teleconsultation on glycemic control and prevention of acute complications related to diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents treated in a reference hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Method: Descriptive study of data from pediatric diabetic patients who received teleconsultation between April and September 2020. Results: During this period, 143 diabetic patients were evaluated, with a median of 3.4 teleconsultations per patient in the studied period; requiring adjustment of insulin doses in 84.6% of cases. The hospital admission rate was 8,4% due to diabetic decompensation. The metabolic control (HbA1c) became worsen in 46% of the sample and improved in 37%. Conclusion: The teleconsultation promoted health care for patients with diabetes mellitus during the COVID-19 pandemic, but was not able to guarantee adequate glycemic control.
PSMA-Ligand Uptake Can Serve as a Novel Biomarker in Primary Prostate Cancer to Predict Outcome After Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Wang Hui , Amiel Thomas , Würnschimmel Christoph , Langbein Thomas , Steiger Katja , Rauscher Isabel , Horn Thomas , Maurer Tobias , Weber Wolfgang , Wester Hans-Juergen , Knorr Karina , Eiber Matthias 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a relevant target in prostate cancer and immunohistochemistry studies showed associations with outcome. PSMA-ligand positron emission tomography (PET) is increasingly used for primary prostate cancer staging and the molecular imaging TNM classification (miTNM) standardizes its reporting. We aimed to investigate the potential of PET-imaging to serve as a noninvasive imaging biomarker to predict disease outcome in primary prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy (RP).MethodsIn this retrospective analysis, 186 primary prostate cancer patients treated with RP who had undergone a 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET up to three months prior to the surgery were included. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), SUVmean, tumor volume (TV) and total lesion (TL) were collected from PET-imaging. Moreover, clinicopathological information, including age, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, and pathological characteristics were assessed for disease outcome prediction. A stage group system for PET-imaging findings based on the miTNM framework was developed. ResultsAt a median follow-up after RP of 38 months (interquartile range (IQR): 22-53), biochemical recurrence (BCR) was observed in 58 patients during the follow-up period. A significant association between a positive surgical margin and miN status (miN1 vs. miN0, odds ratio (OR): 5.428, p=0.004) was detected. miT status (miT≥3a vs. miT<3, OR: 2.696, p=0.003) was identified as an independent predictor for Gleason score (GS)≥8. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that PSA level (hazard ratio (HR): 1.024, p=0.014), advanced GS (GS≥8 vs. GS<8, HR: 3.253, p<0.001) and miT status (miT≥3a vs. miT<3, HR: 1.941, p=0.035) were independent predictors for BCR. For stage I disease as determined by PET-imaging a shorter BCR-free survival was observed in the patients with higher SUVmax (IA vs. IB stage, log-rank, p=0.022).ConclusionPreoperative miTNM classification from 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET correlates with postoperative GS, surgical margin status and time to BCR. The association between miTNM staging and outcome proposes 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET as a novel non-invasive imaging biomarker and potentially serves for ancillary pre-treatment stratification. Prospective studies with larger cohort are necessary to fully determine its use including primary prostate cancer patients with different treatments and risk categories and late-stage patients.
Type Synthesis of 3-Translational Redundant Actuated Parallel Mechanisms With Closed-Loop Branch Chains Based On Graphical Approach
Authors: Li Yongquan , Jiang Hong-Sheng , Zheng Tian-Yu , Xi Ke-Long , Jing Han , Zhang Li-Jie 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The 3-translational parallel mechanism is widely used in industrial, medical, and military fields, among others. With the development of the national logistics industry, a pressing need for a kind of 3-translational parallel mechanism emerged. Such mechanisms have high stiffness and high bearing capacity and are used for cargo handling and sorting. A novel method based on the graphical approach was proposed for the synthesis of 3-translational redundancy actuated parallel mechanism with closed-loop branch chains. The new mechanism has four symmetrically arranged branch chains, which eases subsequent kinematics and dynamics analyses while providing good mechanical properties. Based on the graphical approach theory, according to the constraint number contained in the branch chain, two types of redundant driven branch chains with closed-loop structures were constructed. The first type includes rotation constraint in one direction, while the second type includes the rotation constraint in two directions. Based on various combinations of two branch chain types, their allocation schemes can be divided into two types. Moreover, said these two allocation schemes can be integrated into at least 500 and 400 types of 3-translational redundant actuated parallel mechanisms with closed-loop branch chains. Then, the degree of freedom properties of representative mechanisms were tested using the screw theory. A large number of novel mechanisms were integrated assessed using this method, and branch chains such mechanisms were symmetrically distributed. They have a strong bearing capacity, simple calculation, and control, and can be applied to the handling and sorting of goods, large-scale precision machine tools, and large construction machinery vibration isolation systems, among others.