bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Buddhism in America
Authors: Mitchell Scott A. 
Published: June 2021

Buddhism in America provides the most comprehensive and up to date survey of the diverse landscape of US Buddhist traditions, their history and development, and current methodological trends in the study of Buddhism in the West, located within the translocal flow of global Buddhist culture.
Divided into three parts (Histories; Traditions; Frames), this introduction traces Buddhism's history and encounter with North American culture, charts the landscape of US Buddhist communities, and engages current methodological and theoretical developments in the field.
The volume includes:
- A short introduction to Buddhism
- A historical survey from the 19th century to the present
- Coverage of contemporary US Buddhist communities, including Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana
Theoretical and methodological issues and debates covered include:
- Social, political and environmental engagement
- Race, feminist, and queer theories of Buddhism
- Secular Buddhism, digital Buddhism, and modernity
- Popular culture, media, and the arts
Pedagogical tools include chapter summaries, discussion questions, images and maps, a glossary, and case studies. The book's website provides recommended further resources including websites, books and films, organized by chapter. With individual chapters which can stand on their own and be assigned out of sequence, Buddhism in America is the ideal resource for courses on Buddhism in America, American Religious History, and Introduction to Buddhism.
Outcomes of Partial Atrioventricular Septal Defect Repair in Children
Authors: Çitoğlu Görkem , Genç Serhat Bahadır , Kamalı Hacer , Şengül Fatma Sevinç , Onan İsmihan Selen 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Repair of the partial atrioventricular septal defect (pAVSD) has an excellent survival but re- operation is still an issue. Left atrioventricular valve regurgitation (LAVVR) is the most common reason for reoperation. This study aimed to retrospectively analyze the results of patients undergoing pAVSD repair to determine the morbidity and mortality rates.
Patients and Methods: Follow-up data of a total of 25 patients younger than 18 years of age, who underwent pAVSD at our centre within the period from 2011 to 2019, were obtained from hospital records. The incidence of Down syndrome, death, complications and reoperation rates were analyzed.
Results: Mean age at operation was 4.64 years. Preoperative LAVVR grade was found to be relatively high in patients who underwent surgery at an older age (p= 0.027). Two patients (8%) had Down syndrome. Fol- low-up ranged from 2 months to 96 months (mean: 33.48 months). There was no perioperative mortality. Arrhythmia were observed in 4 patients (16%) after the operation. One patient (4%) had complete AV block requiring permanent pacemaker implantation. The rate of postoperative LAVVR was observed to increase as the time elapsed after the operation increased. The presence of Down syndrome was observed to be protective against postoperative LAVVR (p< 0.01). Two patients (8%) had reoperation for LAVVR. The mean time from the initial operation to reoperation was six years. The absence of Down syndrome was found to be a risk factor for reoperation (p< 0.01).
Conclusion: Repair of pAVSD is performed with low mortality and favourable outcomes. Most common reason for reoperation following the repair of pAVSD is LAVVR and regurgitation rate increases as the time elapsed following the initial operation increases. Furthermore, preoperative LAVVR rate becomes higher as the operation age of the patient increases. Down syndrome is protective in terms of postoperative LAVVR and its absence is a risk factor for reoperation. High reoperation rates suggest the requirement of close follow-up.
Hydrogen and Usability of Hydrogen Storage Technologies
Authors: Giese Lutz , Reiff-Stephan Jörg 
Published: June 2021

Science, technology and politics agree: hydrogen will be the energy carrier of the future. It will replace fossil fuels based on a sufficient supply from sustainable energy. Since the possibilities of storing and transporting hydrogen play a decisive role here, the so-called LOHC (Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers) can be used as carrier materials. LOHC carrier materials can reversibly absorb hydrogen, store it without loss and release it again when needed. Since little or no pressure is required, normal containers or tanks can be used. The volume or mass-related energy densities can reach around a quarter of liquid fossil fuels.
This paper is to give an introduction to the field of hydrogen storage and usage of those LOHC, in particular. The developments of the last ten years have been related to the storage and transport of hydrogen with LOHC. These are crucial to meet the future demand for energy carriers e.g. for mobile applications. For this purpose, all transport systems are under consideration as well as the decentralized supply of rural areas with low technological penetration, e.g. regions of Western Africa which are often characterized by a lack of energy supply. Hydrogen bound in LOHC can provide a hazard-free alternative for distribution. The paper provides an overview of the conversion forms as well as the chemical carrier materials. Dibenzyltoluene as well as N-ethylcarbazole - as examples for LOHC - are discussed as well as chemical hydrogen storage materials like ammonia boranes as alternatives to LOHC.
A Model-Based Approach to Decarbonize an Island’s Energy System
Authors: Paetow Clara , Szymanski Mateusz , Detje Johannes , Stolpmann Alexander 
Published: June 2021

To achieve climate goals and contain further global warming, it is inevitable to reduce CO2 emissions especially in energy consumption. A way to do so is by integrating renewable energy sources (RES) into an energy system’s power generation. However, there is no standard procedure to decarbonise a locally restricted system. Therefore, the various local conditions have to be analysed and taken into consideration.
The authors propose a model-based approach to decarbonise the energy system of the island Föhr, Germany. This includes various collected data sets on local conditions such as climate data and heat and power demand. The data is used to represent the island’s energy system and design a model-based solution in a simulation software.
The authors identify potentials by comparing costs and revenues by addressing the deployment of different RES technologies. One finding is that heat generation causes 91 % of CO2 emissions making it the major producer. However, with the designed solution, emissions could be reduced to a third.
Witteboordendaders over (on)eerlijk strafrecht
Authors: Huisman W. , Lesmeister D. 
Published: June 2021

Witteboordendaders over (on)eerlijk strafrecht
In dit artikel wordt verslag gedaan van het eerste Nederlandse onderzoek naar de ervaring van justitiabelen die strafrechtelijk zijn vervolgd zijn voor ‘witteboordencriminaliteit’. Dertig ‘witteboordendaders’ zijn geïnterviewd over de beleving en gevolgen van strafrechtspleging tijdens verschillende fasen (opsporing en vervolging, terechtzitting, strafexecutie en na strafexecutie of vrijspraak) en op verschillende levensdomeinen (mentaal, gezin en familie, sociale relaties en zakelijk). Daarnaast is hun gevraagd te reflecteren op het strafproces zelf.
Samenloop van een tuchtrechtelijke en een strafrechtelijke procedure
Authors: Herregodts R.L. 
Published: June 2021

Samenloop van een tuchtrechtelijke en een strafrechtelijke procedure
Het komt voor dat over hetzelfde feitencomplex zowel een tuchtrechtelijke als een strafrechtelijke procedure wordt gevoerd. Volgens de jurisprudentie van het EHRM en de tuchtcolleges is dit niet in strijd met het ne bis in idem-beginsel. Toch is die samenloop niet zonder complicaties. Dit artikel gaat over een daarvan, namelijk de situatie dat de beroepsbeoefenaar zich, met het oog op een lopende of naderende strafrechtelijke procedure, niet vrij voelt om in de tuchtprocedure mondeling en schriftelijk te verklaren over de inhoud van de klacht.
De aangifte tegen (oud-)bewindslieden in de toeslagenaffaire
Authors: Sikkema E. 
Published: June 2021

De aangifte tegen (oud-)bewindslieden in de toeslagenaffaire
Eerder dit jaar werd namens gedupeerden van de kinderopvangtoeslagenaffaire aangifte gedaan tegen zes (oud-)bewindslieden. Deze (voormalige) ministers en staatssecretarissen zouden zich schuldig hebben gemaakt aan een ambtsmisdrijf. Zij zouden strafrechtelijk verwijtbaar hebben gehandeld, door na te laten wettelijke bepalingen uit te voeren, terwijl dat tot hun taak behoorde. Op basis van een oriënterend onderzoek van de procureur-generaal bij de Hoge Raad heeft minister Grapperhaus beslist dat geen strafvervolging zal worden ingesteld. De aangifte roept vele interessante vragen op over de strafrechtelijke ministeriële verantwoordelijkheid, de daarbij toepasselijke bijzondere procedure van artikel 119 Grondwet en de wenselijkheid van een (fundamentele) herziening van het bestaande stelsel.
Diabetes mellitus in patients using psychotropic medications: How does it work?*
Authors: Kosmalski Marcin , Różycka-Kosmalska Monika , Sikora Joanna , Pietras Tadeusz 
Published: June 2021

Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is not a single disease, but a group of diseases that are characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and risk of damage to tissues and organs. The mechanisms of its development are different and due mainly to disorders of insulin secretion or its effects. For this reason, 4 types of DM have been distinguished. One of them is a specific type of DM, determined, inter alia, by the use of certain psychotropic medications. Chronic hyperglycemia often occurs in association with some of these drugs, but in many cases it is categorized erroneously as type 2 (T2DM) or 1 (T1DM). The relationship between DM and psychiatric disorders is bi-directional, involving two mutually independent risk factors for the development of the disease. However, not all patients with a mental illness develop carbohydrate metabolism disorders, which is due to a varied diabetogenic potential and mechanisms of action of psychotropic medications. In clinical practice, questions concerning the frequency of this type of DM, risk factors of its development and hyperglycemic mechanism of psychotropic medications arise. Therefore, the aim of this article is to attempt to answer these questions. From a practical point of view, obtaining such information should allow for the development of appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
Post Neonatal Tetanus as Seen in Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria: Prevalence, Clinical Profile and Outcome
Authors: Okari Tamunoiyowuna Grace , West Boma Awoala 
Published: June 2021

Background: Post neonatal tetanus, a vaccine preventable disease is a cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in many developing countries including Nigeria. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence, clinical profile and outcome of children with post-neonatal tetanus.
Methods: This prospective observational study carried out over 3years in the Paediatric ward of the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, was among children older than 28days and up to 16years.
Result: Of 966 children admitted during the period of study, 12 had post-neonatal tetanus giving a prevalence of 1.2%. Six (50%) were > 10years old with a M:F ratio of 5:1, 5(41.7%) resided in rural areas and all (100%) were of low socioeconomic status. Six (50%) did not receive tetanus toxoid vaccine and no child had booster doses. Portal of entry for the infection was majorly via injuries on their limbs, 7(58.3%). The mean incubation period was 10.58±7.39 days while the mean onset interval was 31.58±27.85 hours. Three (25%) children had severe tetanus using Ablett’s classification with spasm 11(91.7%) documented as the commonest symptom. Half, 6(50%) of the children had autonomic complications and an overall case fatality rate of 25%.
Conclusion: The prevalence of post-neonatal tetanus in the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital was low being 1.2%, although unacceptable. The mortality rate of post-neonatal tetanus of 25% was high. Thus, there is a need to strengthen existing immunization program and immediately adopt the commencement of booster doses of tetanus toxoid vaccines for eligible children in Nigeria.
Physico-Chemical, Functional and Proximate Properties of Standardised Millet Flakes
Authors: Sohan S. Zubeda , Kumari B. Anila , Suneetha W. Jessie , Gayatri Biradar 
Published: June 2021

Millets are the 5th most important cereals in the world after wheat, maize, rice and barley. It is a minor cereal containing abundant of nutrients but its consumption is lacking to a certain extent mainly due to the lack of ready-to-cook or ready-to-eat products and processing of millet to prepare ready to cook (RTC) foods can increase its economic and nutritional value. The processing, physical, chemical and nutritional aspects were analysed against the commercially available foxtail and proso flakes to standardise. The decorticated grains were steeped in 5 L of potable water at ambient conditions (30 ± 2ºC) for 10 hr, autoclaved at 180ºC under the pressure of 20 to 24 lbs/psi for 10 min dried at 50ºC in a mechanical dryer to 18 ± 1% moisture content. The processed grains were rolled to flakes in a heavy-duty roller ﬂakes machine with an aperture size of 0.25 mm. The commercial foxtail and proso flakes had higher values for all physical parameters than standardised ones.
Socioeconomic Profile of Farm Based Agripreneurs in Sanga Reddy District of Telangana State, India
Authors: Srishailam B. , Jirli Basava Prabhu , Priyanka Vavilala , Manasa Keesam 
Published: June 2021

Socioeconomic status is measurement of economic and social position of an individual in the society. It influences the accessibility to the resources, livelihood pattern, food and nutritional security. The research investigation was conducted in Zahirabad, Narayanakhed and Sanga reddy. Revenue divisions purposively based on the highest number of agripreneurs. Nine blocks were selected from each revenue division purposively, thus making up a total of 27 blocks with the objective to know the profile of agri-input based Agripreneurs. Sample size constituted 200 Agripreneurs. The respondents were interviewed with the help of a schedule designed for the study. The exploratory survey design was used for the present study. The analysis of data revealed that majority of the respondents were ‘middle age’ with ‘Graduation level’ education (40.05%), majority of the Farm based agripreneurs with ‘medium’ Socioeconomic status (80.00%), Source of information utilization(53.50%) and Extension agency contact (69.00%), had ‘medium’ value orientation(49.00%) and had ‘high coordinate ability (64.50%) and medium achievement motivation (71.00%) and medium risk taking behavior (74.00%) and medium innovativeness(57.50%) were observed. Hence these independent variables should be taken care of by the implementing agencies while selecting the beneficiaries for entrepreneurship development programmes and farmer-friendly policies.
In Vitro Effects of Vitamin and Mineral Supplements on Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Some ESKAPE Pathogens
Authors: Ekwebelem Osmond C. , Ekwe David C. , Eze Emmanuel A. 
Published: June 2021

Background: Antibiotics once seen as miracle drugs are now becoming inefficient in treating various bacterial diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of vitamin and mineral supplements on the antibiogram profile of some of the multidrug-resistant bacteria, which the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) has dubbed ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp), the predominant cause of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs).
Methodology: The in vitro effects were evaluated using the disc diffusion (Kirby-Bauer) technique. All test bacteria were inoculated onto Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA), supplemented with varying concentrations (2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 25 mg/ml) of vitamin (A, C, or E) and mineral (calcium or iron). Agar without supplements served as the control. The effects of vitamin and mineral supplements were determined by measuring the zones of inhibition to the nearest millimeter as compared to the control.
Result: Zones of inhibition for nalidixic acid and ampicillin on P. aeruginosa significantly increased from 5mm to 32mm and 0mm to 18mm respectively, with increasing concentration of vitamin C. Similarly, nalidixic acid and ampicillin zones of inhibition on P. aeruginosa increased from 5mm to 12mm and 0mm to 18mm respectively, with increasing concentration of vitamin A. Vitamin C resulted in significant decreases in all of the zones of inhibition for all antibiotics against E. coli, except reflacine and ciproflox. Varying concentrations of iron led to a sharp decrease in the zones of inhibition for all antibiotics against S. aureus and K. pneumonia. Significant changes were also observed in all zones of inhibitions for all antibiotics studied under varying concentrations of calcium.
Conclusion: The effects of vitamin and mineral supplements appear to be important but concentration-dependent. However, there is a need to evaluate the in vivo effects of these vitamin and mineral supplements.
Clinical Characteristics of Urogenital Fistulas in PMCH Nawabshah: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Tehzeen Aneela , Lakhan Hazooran , Awan Shazia , Rani Mona , Baloch Shahida , Suhail Muhammad Ali , Ahmer Arslan 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of urogenital fistulas reported at PMCH Nawabshah.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study, concluded in three years from January 2018 to December, 2020 in all ages patients with urogenital fistulas (UGF). The referred cases of UGF to gynecology and Urology Departments of the PMCH Nawabshah. The females with UGF results after elective caesarean section and gynecologic surgery including hysterectomy, prolapse repair and myomectomy were included whereas patients with UGF results due to other operative measures which includes emergency caesarian section, traumatic and congenital were excluded from this study. The data were analyzed thru SPSS version 22.0.
Results: Total 247 patients were included in present study. The age of patients were 20 years to 66 years with mean age 38.99+SD7.992. Frequency and percentages of different variables that were included in this study were for the demographic and co morbidities. Majority of patients were from rural setup, house wives having low education profile, belonging to low socioeconomically and educational status. DM and HTN were the common co-morbidities observed in study population. The different frequencies and percentages were calculated for the different surgical procedure adopted before the development of fistulas, UVF and OF was assessed in different procedures. Hysterectomies was most common surgical procedure than C/S and others. P value was statistically insignificant here 0.696. Wound infections were also seen in post operated cases with high ratios due to contaminations; wound infection was present in 20.6% cases, which was very high.
Conclusion: Present study revealed that the many of urogenital fistulas treated and repaired patients at our hospital setup, associated with iatrogenic obstetric origin and no any patients of UGF associated with obstructed laboras it is contrasting with other developing countries. Recorded fistulas were cured after the first surgical repair.
Pharmaceutico-Analytical Study of Muktashukti Pishti and Muktashukti bhasma and Comparative Evaluation of their Relative Oral Bioavailability
Authors: Kamble Shweta , Wanjari Anita , Rathi Bharat , Rajput D. 
Published: June 2021

Background: Shukti (Oyster) is a very commonly occurring calcium form. It is rich source of calcium & minerals. As per text it can be converted into two forms which are bhasma (calcinated ash) and pishti (powdered form without agni).These forms may have different rate of absorption. This needs to be studied.
Aim: To study Pharmaceutico-analytical study of Muktashukti pishti & Muktashukti bhasma and comparative evaluation of their relative oral bioavailability.
Materials and methods: The two formulations will be prepared from shukti (oyster). By triturating with Gulabjala Muktashukti pishti will be prepared and by traditional puta method Muktashukti bhasma will be prepared. The prepared formulations will be assessed for Bhasma Pariksha mentioned in Ayurveda. Organoleptic characters, physicochemical parameters and Particle size distribution analysis, SEM-EDX (Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis), FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy), XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), GCMS (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry) will be evaluated. To assess the relative oral bioavailability of Muktashukti pishti & Muktashukti bhasma study will be conducted in healthy volunteers and will be compared with the standard calcium supplement. The study will be conducted in between two test groups and standard group.
Observation and results: The analytical parameters will be assessed and compared in Muktashukti bhasma and Muktashukti pishti. For relative oral bioavailability Blood serum calcium will be assessed in all three groups. By applying unpaired “t” Test, One-way ANOVA the statistical significance can be measured.
Conclusion: The pharmaceutical & analytical study of Muktashukti pishti and Muktashukti bhasma will provide the standard parameters and clinical comparative evaluation with standard will generate evidence for better bioavailability.
Semibarbula orientalis (Web.) Wijk. and Marg: A Potential Source of Bioactive and High Value Phytochemicals
Authors: Deora Vinod , Deora G. S. 
Published: June 2021

Aims: Present study aims to evaluate the presence of bioactive compounds of Semibarbula orientalis (Pottiales: Pottiaceae), a bryophyte whole plant methanolic extract by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) which are important medicinally as well flavouring and colouring agents.
Study design: Qualitative preliminary phytochemical and GC-MS analysis.
Place and duration of study: The study was carried out at Department of Botany, Center of Advanced Study, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur-Rajasthan (India) from January 2017 to December 2020.
Methodology: The Preliminary phytochemical screening of S.orientalis was carried out qualitatively following the standard methods of Harbourne, Trease and Evans. GC-MS analysis was performed by GC-MS-QP 2010 Shimadzu, Japan equipped with thermal desorption system TD 20.
Results: Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, phenols, sterols, flavonoids and terpenoids. GC-MS analysis of methanolic extract of whole plant revealed the presence of 49 bioactive phytoconstituents which include mainly n-Hexadecanoic acid, Cis-vaccenic acid, Azulene, Hexadecanoic acid metyl ester, 1,3-Propanediol, 2-(hydroxyl methyl)-2-nitro, 9-12 Octadecadienol chloride (z,z), Octadecanoic acid etc.
Conclusion: Preliminary phytochemical and GC-MS profiling of methanolic extract Semibarbula orientalis whole plant showed the presence of high value bioactive compounds with important medicinal properties and other uses in food industries as flavouring and colouring agents.