bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary Hyperparathyroidism During Pregnancy Treated With Parathyroidectomy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sandler Mykayla L. , Ho Rebecca , Xing Monica H. , Gidumal Sunder , Spitzer Hannah , Levy Juliana C. , Chai Raymond L. 
Published: March 2021

Objectives/HypothesisThe primary objective of this study was to assess the safety of parathyroidectomy during pregnancy as treatment for hyperparathyroidism (HPTH) in comparison to nonsurgical management plans. Secondary outcomes involved analyzing the safety of surgery in the third trimester and the benefit of operating on asymptomatic pregnant patients.Study DesignSystematic review.MethodsPRISMA‐guided systematic review of all cases of primary hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy published in peer‐reviewed English journals on PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and SCOPUS from 1980 to 2020.ResultsA total of 75 manuscripts were included in this review describing 382 cases of gestational hyperparathyroidism. The median maternal age was 31 years. Overall, 108 cases (28.3%) underwent parathyroidectomy during pregnancy while 274 cases (71.7%) were treated nonsurgically. The majority of surgeries took place during the second trimester (67.6%). Complications and/or deaths were less likely to occur after surgery in the second trimester (4.48%) as compared to surgery in the third trimester (21.1%). Nine surgically treated cases resulted in infant complications and/or death; however, none of these nine cases had any surgical complications. Despite these complications, the overall infant complication rate for patients who underwent surgical treatment remained lower than that of patients treated with conservative therapy (9.1% vs. 38.9%).ConclusionsThis review suggests that for all pregnant patients with diagnosed HPTH, parathyroidectomy should be considered regardless of symptomatology. Our data suggest that parathyroidectomy is associated with fewer risks than more conservative treatments and results in better fetal outcomes. Surgery during the third trimester is feasible and surgery should be considered in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Laryngoscope, 131:1915–1921, 2021
Increased Stability of Polysaccharide/Silica Hybrid Sub‐Millicarriers for Retarded Release of Hydrophilic Substances
Authors: Elzayat Asmaa , Tolba Emad , Pérez‐Pla Francisco F. , Oraby Ahmed , Muñoz‐Espí Rafael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis work reports an in situ strategy for the synthesis of hybrid sub‐millispheres as carriers for encapsulating and controlling the release of hydrophilic pharmaceutical compounds in both neutral and acidic media. An organic–inorganic hydrogel is prepared by ionotropic gelation, and its efficiency for entrapping hydrophilic molecules is investigated. Two biopolymers, namely chitosan or alginate, are used to generate a scaffold network, in which the formation of silica nanoparticles takes place in situ by a sol–gel process. Model hydrophilic molecules (erioglaucine disodium salt and ephedrine hydrochloride) are encapsulated within polymer matrix, and the subsequent release is controlled by tailoring the hybrid network structure. Kinetic studies demonstrate that the release of the active substance is slower in the presence of silica, which increases as well the structural stability of the carrier in both neutral and acidic media. As a result, by incorporating nanostructured silica into the polymer matrix, the presented system overcomes the limitations of the ionotropic method for entrapping hydrophilic substances.
Utilization of indirect calorimetry to assist in determining undiagnosed hypothyroidism in a patient on mechanical ventilation
Authors: Hahn Michaelann , Brody Rebecca 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPublished predictive equations are required when indirect calorimetry (IC) is unavailable in the clinical setting. Several medical conditions that are not accounted for by published predictive equations can impact a patient's resting energy expenditure, such as adrenal changes or alterations in thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH levels significantly impact a patient's resting energy expenditure, with hypothyroidism decreasing and hyperthyroidism increasing energy requirements. Clinical hypothyroidism has been correlated with increased ventilator dependency in patients with critical illness and malnutrition. The following case study describes the utilization of IC to trigger a full evaluation for the diagnosis of hypothyroidism in an adult patient with multiple myeloma who was mechanically ventilated. IC results for this patient were 39% lower than estimated by predictive energy equations. TSH, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine serum assays were obtained to rule out hypothyroidism. Based on elevated TSH and low thyroxine, the patient was found to have undiagnosed hypothyroidism. Appropriate pharmaceutical and nutrition interventions were made based upon these results. This case demonstrates the impact hormonal changes can have on resting energy expenditure and how the utilization of IC can provide additional information other than energy requirements.
Developing and testing a Korean patient classification system for general wards based on nursing intensity
Authors: Ko Yukyung , Park Bohyun , Lee Hanju , Kim Donghwan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo develop a new general wards patient classification tool based on the nursing intensity level that reflects patients’ clinical characteristics and indirect nursing activities.DesignA cross‐sectional design was adopted. This methodological study developed a patient classification system to sort general ward patients based on the intensity of their nursing needs and verified the validity and reliability of this classification system.MethodsThirteen experts verified the tools’ content validity. Data collectors and head nurses classified 150 patients from two hospitals with four general wards and various nurse staffing levels. Inter‐rater reliability was analysed. Staff nurses classified 846 patients following the Korean patient classification system on nursing intensity scores that reflected patients’ clinical status. Content validity was verified based on the classification results. Using K‐group cluster analysis, score ranges for four groups were identified.ResultsThe developed tool includes 8 domains, (symptom management, infection control, nutrition and medication, personal hygiene and secretion, activity, sleep and rest, guidance in nursing/emotional support, nursing activity planning and coordination, indirect activity), 24 subdomains, 66 nursing activities and 124 criteria. Inter‐rater reliability showed high agreement.
Machine Learning Algorithms for Learning Nonlinear Terms of Reduced Mechanical Models in Explicit Structural Dynamics
Authors: Kneifl Jonas , Fehr Jörg 
Published: March 2021

AbstractModeling and simulations are a pillar in the development of complex technical systems. However, for time‐critical applications a conduction of high‐fidelity simulations is not always feasible. To mitigate this computational bottleneck model order reduction (MOR) can be applied. For nonlinear models, linear MOR approaches are only practicable to a limited extend. Nonlinear approaches, on the contrary, often require deep interventions in the used simulation code. If access is not possible, non‐intrusive nonlinear model order reduction can be the key to success. The goal of this work is to implement a non‐intrusive approach using classical model order reduction along with machine learning algorithms. It relies on the idea to learn the dynamics in the reduced space. The approach aims to learn the temporal evolution of the reduced dynamics of a system. By applying the method to a problem arising from the field of structural dynamics, accurate surrogate models are received. They can speed up the simulation time significantly, while still providing high‐quality state approximations.
Cardiac tissue engineering, biomaterial scaffolds, and their fabrication techniques
Authors: Roshandel Marjan , Dorkoosh Farid 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCardiovascular diseases are the first cause of mortality around the globe. One of the promising treatment procedures is regenerating or repairing the heart tissues. Regarding this, in tissue engineering, there are variety of methods that researchers could use for scaffolds fabrication. In this review paper, some of the biomaterials and techniques, by means of which biomaterial scaffolds can be generated, are explained. Furthermore, some recent studies, in which scaffolds have been used for the cardiac tissues, have been presented, which can lead researchers to pursue more precise studies.
Multimodality treatment including whole pleura radiation therapy for DICER1‐associated pediatric pleuropulmonary blastoma
Authors: Hui Caressa , Shin Danielle H. , Wakeling Adrienne , Donaldson Sarah S. , Hazard Florette K. , Rangaswami Arun , Hiniker Susan M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLimited data are available regarding radiation therapy in pediatric pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB). We report the case of a 3‐year‐old girl with type II PPB successfully treated with trimodality therapy including multiagent chemotherapy, resection, and whole pleura radiation therapy. While longer follow‐up is required to confirm ultimate local tumor control and long‐term post‐treatment sequelae, currently 3.5 years following therapy, she is well, without recurrent disease or observable toxicity. The goal of this report is to add our experience to the literature regarding PPB, its management, and treatment, as prospective randomized controlled trials are not feasible due to the rarity of this disease.
Adjustments to pharmacologic therapies for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis while on extracorporeal support
Authors: Weyand Angela C. , Barbaro Ryan P. , Walkovich Kelly J. , Frame David G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an immune dysregulatory syndrome characterized by severe inflammation and end‐organ damage. Due to significant organ dysfunction, patients often require extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). In this report, we describe consideration for adjusting treatment in the context of extracorporeal organ support. We describe agents commonly used and dosing adjustments made in light of extracorporeal organ support. We report six cases that illustrate the feasibility of initiating standard HLH therapies in patients requiring these modalities.
Bonsai as a group art therapy intervention among traumatized youth in KwaZulu‐Natal
Authors: Hermann Caroll 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBonsai can be used as an art therapy tool during psychodynamic therapeutic interventions maintenance of good mental health. Bonsai is generally considered to be relaxing and is practiced by many to relieve stress and as an expression of art. The aim was to establish bonsai as an art therapy tool to overcome trauma. Fifteen isiZulu‐speaking traumatized youths in a remote area in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa participated in a qualitative study that investigated their narratives around experienced trauma and sense of hopelessness. Materials in the form of bonsai, tools, wire, and pots were supplied, and six sessions were held. Results indicated that the participants experienced an improvement in their mental state, which was attributed by them to the practice of the art of bonsai. Bonsai can be beneficial as a healing medium mental health tool when employed as art therapy and can be promoted in a group setting in potential rehabilitation situations.
Vulcanization kinetics of styrene butadiene rubber reinforced by graphenic particles
Authors: Raef Mohammad , Hosseini Seyed Mostaffa , Nabavian Kalat Mana , Razzaghi‐Kashani Mehdi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe present study discusses the effects of graphenic particles on the kinetics of sulfur vulcanization in styrene butadiene rubber composites. Using data obtained from a cure rheometer and fitted by an autocatalytic model, it was verified that graphenic particles follow our recently established catalytic‐networking model for the effect of particles on the sulfur vulcanization of rubber, regardless of the type of particles. The magnitude of the catalytic and networking effects depends on surface chemistry and interfacial interactions of particles with rubber that can be tailored by the chemical reduction of graphene oxide. Accordingly, the reduction process decreased the catalytic effect due to the elimination of surface functional groups and increased the networking effect due to the enhancement of filler–rubber interactions and immobilization of rubber. The latter was verified by differential scanning calorimetry and bound rubber measurements.
Resilience patterns and transitions in the Be Resilient To Breast Cancer trial: an exploratory latent profile transition analysis
Authors: Ye Zeng Jie , Zhang Zhang , Tang Ying , Liang Jian , Sun Zhe , Hu Guang Yun , Liang Mu Zi , Yu Yuan Liang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveBe Resilient to Breast Cancer (BRBC), a theoretically‐derived, resilience‐based, culturally‐tailored, supportive‐expressive group therapy (SEGT), has been developed to help promote patients' resilience in breast cancer. Data from patients receiving BRBC intervention was utilized to explore and define characteristics of resilience patterns and their transitions over time.MethodsResilience was used as a primary outcome and 391 patients completed Resilience Scale Specific to Cancer at enrollment (T0), 2 months (T1), 6 months(T2), and 12 months (T3) after intervention. latent profile transition analysis was performed to model the change in resilience and predict positive transitioning probabilities between resilience patterns (from one pattern to another pattern with a higher level) over time.ResultsOne hundred and forty four resilience patterns were identified after BRBC intervention. 33.1%, 50.3%, and 40.5% of patients experienced positive resilience transitions from T0 to T1, T1 to T2, and T2 to T3, respectively. Patients with middle age, unmarried status, higher education level, and less advanced tumor stage were more likely to experience positive resilience transitions.ConclusionDifferent transitions of resilience patterns are observed after BRBC intervention. Age, marital status, education, and tumor stage may be four factors affecting the efficacy of SEGT intervention in breast cancer.
Beyond Black and White: race and sexual identity as contributors to healthcare system distrust after breast cancer screening among US women
Authors: Dean Lorraine T. , Greene Naomi , Adams Mary Anne , Geffen Sophia R. , Malone Jowanna , Tredway Kristi , Poteat Tonia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveHealthcare system distrust (HCSD) has been linked to poor breast cancer outcomes. Previous HSCD analyses have focused on Black‐White disparities; however, focusing only on race ignores the complex set of factors that form identity. We quantified the contributions of race and sexual minority (SM) identity to HCSD among US women who had received breast cancer screening.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study used intersectionality decomposition methods to assess the degree to which racial and SM identity contributed to disparate responses to the validated 9‐item HCSD Scale. The sample included online survey participants identifying as a Black or White woman living in the US, with a self‐reported abnormal breast cancer screening result in the past 24 months and/or breast cancer diagnosis since 2011.ResultsOf 649 participants, 49.4% of Black SM women (n = 85) were in the highest HCSD tertile, followed by 37.4% of White SM women (n = 123), 24.4% of Black heterosexual women (n = 156), and 19% of White heterosexual women. Controlling for age, 72% of the disparity in HCSD between Black SM women and White heterosexual women was due to SM status, 23% was due to racial identity, and 3% was due to both racial and SM identity.ConclusionsSM identity emerged as the largest driver of HCSD disparities; however, the combined racial and SM disparity persisted. Excluding sexual identity in HCSD studies may miss an important contributor. Interventions designed to increase the HCS's trustworthiness at the provider and system levels should address both racism and homophobia.
Rare and novel GNAS gene mutations in Chinese patients with thyroid cancer
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Jing Changwen , Cao Haixia , Wu Jianzhong , Ma Rong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundA large number of novel, rare, and uncharacterized mutations in Tumors including thyroid cancer (TC) have been discovered. In this study, we reported two GNAS mutations in Chinese TC patients, and assessed the functional impact.MethodsTwo hundred and twenty five formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens from Chinese TC patients were tested by NGS. The functional impact of GNAS mutations was assessed using sorting intolerant from tolerant tools (SIFT), polymorphism phenotyping v2 (POLYPHEN‐2) and the mutation assessor. The GNAS protein structure was modeled by Iterative Threading ASSEmbly Refinement (I‐TASSER), and modeling of mutations was performed and visualised by PyMOL.ResultsTwo somatic missense GNAS gene mutations including a rare c.956A>G(p.D319G) and a novel c.1399G>T(p.A467S) were detected in 225 TC tissues (2/225, 0.89%). The novel GNAS mutation c.1399G>T(p.A467S) was predicted to benign and low impact on the protein. SIFT and Mutation Assessor predicted c.956A>G(p.D319G) will be neutral and have low impact, while Polyphen‐2 indicated the mutation may be probably damaging. c.1399G>T(p.A467S) and c.956A>G(p.D319G) molecular modeling data showed two mutations not changed in Gsα, and showed little predicted effect on protein structure.ConclusionsA rare somatic GNAS gene mutations c.956A>G(p.D319G) and a novel somatic GNAS mutation c.1399G>T(p.A467S) were found in the present study, which appeared to be associated with low impact on the protein.
CSC coupled Graham Kenney source term for hybrid models of BLEVE events: Formulation, implementation and validation
Authors: Abdel‐Jawad Madhat 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBoiling liquid expanding vapor BLEVE events are notoriously difficult to model. Recently a new approach has been suggested and implemented within the code exploCFD which employs a hybrid approach for the modeling of multiple types of explosions including BLEVEs. The general approach is that the results from an analytical model are fed as a source term into a CFD calculation to model the wider domain. Here we propose a new analytical model for the modeling of BLEVE events to be used within the framework of a hybrid approach. The base Graham Kenney source term model, which predicts the source maximum pressure, is modified and also coupled with the CSC gas explosion model to incorporate the capability to model the subsequent ignition of the fuel in a complex congested and/or confined environment. We test the model against several experiments and compare the key parameters of BLEVE events which are: the maximum overpressure, and the impulse and the time history of the first peak. The simulated predictions of these key parameters using this method are shown to far outperform previous CFD, analytical and hybrid models.
Cyclodesulfurization: An Enabling Protocol for Synthesis of Various Heterocycles
Authors: Kadagathur Manasa , Shaikh Arbaz Sujat , Jadhav Govinda Shivaji , Sigalapalli Dilep Kumar , Shankaraiah Nagula , Tangellamudi Neelima D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHeterocycles closely intertwine chemistry with biology reflecting the presence of nitrogen‐based heterocyclic ring structure in nearly 75 % of small‐molecule drugs. The number of reported strategies for the synthesis of several “privileged scaffolds” has expanded, amongst which, cyclodesulfurization of thioureas offers a quick access to highly substituted heterocycles, thereby playing a role of an excellent tool in organic syntheses of natural products and pharmaceutically active compounds. This comprehensive review emphasizes the applications of cyclodesulfurization as an integral synthetic step in the synthesis of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur‐containing heterocycles. Furthermore, a survey of cyclodesulfurizing agents reported since 2000 is comprehensively reviewed and summarized.
Effect of micro‐structural changes on concrete properties at elevated temperature: Current knowledge and outlook
Authors: Pulkit Umang , Adhikary Satadru Das 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe influence of microstructural changes on concrete properties at elevated temperatures is presented and discussed in this paper, as the exposure to elevated temperatures brings in marked changes in concrete thermal, mechanical and kinematic properties owing to the heat‐induced evolution of material's microstructure. The major microstructural changes consist in increasing pore size, occurrence of microcracking and activation of chemo‐physical processes in the hardened cement‐paste. These processes (like portlandite dissociation and crystalline change in quartzitic aggregate) occur above 400°C and are more pronounced in high‐strength than in normal‐strength concrete. Increasing pore size and microcracking, however, yield the largest contribution to concrete strength‐loss, that occurs mainly between 400 and 800°C, depending on aggregate type and initial moisture content in the mix. On the whole, calcareous (or carbonate) aggregate behaves better than siliceous aggregate face to increasing temperatures. Initial moisture content favors concrete thermal spalling, mostly between 200 and 400°C, but such a complex phenomenon is still open to investigation, as demonstrated by the various theories found in the literature, each with its chemo‐physical mechanisms and limitations. Three theories are discussed in this paper, and these theories together with other critical issues allow to focus on future work.
Genetic assessment of captive red pandas (Ailurus fulgens) in American zoos to address management separation by putative subspecies
Authors: Dueck Lucy A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRed pandas (Ailurus fulgens) are small charismatic mammals native across montane southern Asia, now endangered by human impacts. They are considered “living fossils” as the sole member of a distinct family, warranting higher conservation priority. Therefore, ex situ breeding programs were initiated to prevent extinction and act as genetic reservoirs for reintroduction, although complicated by apparent taxonomic subdivision. This study investigated whether the separation of captive red pandas in the North American Species Survival Plan® by putative subspecies was justified. A 383‐bp segment of mitochondrial DNA control region was therefore sequenced from 67 members representing matriarchal lineages of both groups. A network analysis placed the 11 haplotypes found into separate but closely connected clusters, with one group more strongly related than the other. Statistical analyses and diversity indices corroborated differentiation between the two management units. Phylogenetic analyses employing multiple outgroups confirmed, although not robustly, reciprocal monophyly of the four‐ and seven‐haplotype clades representing putative subspecies Ailurus fulgens fulgens and Ailurus fulgens styani, respectively. These empirical results are adequate to justify continued independent management of these zoo subpopulations, but cannot be definitive for taxonomic classification due to limited sampling from their native range. They will, however, be useful in evaluating long‐term genetic diversity changes, focusing management efforts on newly revealed evolutionary limitations, and comparing with an assessment of wild red pandas to determine how representative zoo populations are for reintroduction purposes. Maintaining genetic diversity and population structure of endangered species is essential to protect evolutionary potential and adaptations for long‐term sustainability.