bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Connecting resilience concepts to operational behaviour: A disaster exercise case study
Authors: Pettersson Jenny , Jonson Carl‐Oscar , Berggren Peter , Hermelin Jonas , Trnka Jiri , Woltjer Rogier , Prytz Erik 
Published: July 2021

AbstractContemporary crisis management studies often make use of the concept of resilience. However, resilience as a term has a wide variety of meanings and has been criticized as lacking operationalization and empirical validation. The current study aimed to link resilience concepts to observable behaviour within a disaster medicine management system. Resilience concepts, captured in so‐called capability cards and further operationalized into six resilience prerequisites, were used in the study. An experienced crisis management team participated in a large‐scale crisis management exercise and behaviours were captured through observations, video and audio recordings. Using a markers and strategies analytical framework, two blinded raters classified observable behaviours that exemplified resilient practice. The analysis showed a high degree of agreement (79%) between the combined operationalized capability cards and resilience prerequisites and the empirical classification of behaviours. The current study shows an empirical link from resilience concepts to observable behaviours during an exercise. Observed episodic narratives exemplify empirically connected specific strategies to specific resilience markers. These results demonstrate a method with observed narratives for analyzing resilience in crisis management teams using a markers and strategies approach. Future studies can use the results to create structured observation protocols to evaluate resilient behaviours in crisis management teams.
Progress in micellar casein concentrate: Production and applications
Authors: Hammam Ahmed R. A. , Martínez‐Monteagudo Sergio I. , Metzger Lloyd E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMicellar casein concentrate (MCC) is a novel ingredient with high casein content. Over the past decade, MCC has emerged as one of the most promising dairy ingredients having applications in beverages, yogurt, cheese, and process cheese products. Industrially, MCC is manufactured by microfiltration (MF) of skim milk and is commercially available as a liquid, concentrated, or dried containing ≥9, ≥22, and ≥80% total protein, respectively. As an ingredient, MCC not only imparts a bland flavor but also offers unique functionalities such as foaming, emulsifying, wetting, dispersibility, heat stability, and water‐binding ability. The high protein content of MCC represents a valuable source of fortification in a number of food formulations. For the last 20 years, MCC is utilized in many applications due to the unique physiochemical and functional characteristics. It also has promising applications to eliminate the cost of drying by producing concentrated MCC. This work aims at providing a succinct overview of the historical progress of the MCC, a review on the manufacturing methods, a discussion of MCC properties, varieties, and applications.
Nanocarrier‐delivered dsRNA suppresses wing development of green peach aphids
Authors: Zhang Yun‐Hui , Ma Zhong‐Zheng , Zhou Hang , Chao Zi‐Jian , Yan Shuo , Shen Jie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRNA interference (RNAi) has developed rapidly as a potential “green” pest management strategy. At present, most studies have focused on the screening of aphid lethal genes, whereas only a few studies have been conducted on wing development, which is crucial for aphid migration and plant‐virus dissemination. Here, the Myzus persicae genes vestigial (vg) and Ultrabithorax (Ubx) related to wing development, were cloned. These two genes were expressed in various tissues of 3rd‐instar winged aphids. The mRNA level of vg was high in 3rd‐instar nymphs, whereas the expression level of Ubx was high in adults. The nanocarrier‐mediated delivery system delivered double‐stranded RNAs for aphid RNAi using topical and root applications. The expression levels of vg and Ubx were downregulated by 44.0% and 36.5%, respectively, using the topical application. The simultaneous RNAi of the two target genes caused 63.3% and 32.2% wing aberration rates using topical and root applications, respectively. The current study provided a promising method for controlling aphid migration to alleviate the spread of insect transmitted plant diseases.
Olfactory impact of guaiacol, ortho‐vanillin, 5‐methyl, and 5‐formyl‐vanillin as byproducts in synthetic vanillin
Authors: Yu Hai‐Yan , Shi Qi‐Xuan , Mao Hai‐Fang , Chen Chen , Tian Huai‐Xiang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo better control the quality of synthetic vanillin obtained by using the guaiacol synthesis method, the olfactory impacts of byproducts on the aroma of the synthetic vanillin samples were evaluated and their optimum concentration ranges were determined. Four byproducts (guaiacol, ortho‐vanillin, 5‐methyl‐vanillin, and 5‐formyl‐vanillin) were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and quantified by gas chromatography–flame ionization detection (GC–FID) in the synthetic vanillin samples with different degrees of purity. The aroma intensities (AIs) of the four byproducts obtained by gas chromatography–olfactometry (GC–O) were: guaiacol (AI: 3.5–4.0, smoke), ortho‐vanillin (AI: 1.6–2.5, almond), 5‐methyl‐vanillin (AI: 2.5–3.3, aldehyde), and 5‐formyl‐vanillin (AI: 3.2–3.8, green). The aroma perceptual interactions of the four byproducts and the vanillin in the synthetic vanillin samples were determined by S‐curve analysis. Guaiacol and 5‐methyl‐vanillin showed synergistic effects by Feller's additive model. Combined with the results of an addition experiment, when the contents of guaiacol, ortho‐vanillin, 5‐methyl‐vanillin, and 5‐formyl‐vanillin were within 50, 10, 400, and 1,000 mg/kg respectively, the byproducts had no effects on the aroma quality of the synthetic vanillin samples.Practical ApplicationSynthetic vanillin is one of the most commonly used food additives. Currently, the purity of synthetic vanillin can reach 99.9%, but trace byproducts are still present. Continuing to improve the purity of synthetic vanillin will significantly increase its production costs. Therefore, it is necessary to determine whether the presence of these byproducts affects the aroma quality of the synthetic vanillin samples or not. If they have a negative effect on its aroma, it will be important to reduce their content. If they have no influence or positive role, there is no need to control the content of these byproducts to very low levels. This study determined the content of the byproducts produced during the synthesis of vanillin by guaiacol glyoxylic acid method, judged the perceptual interaction between the byproducts and the vanillin in the synthetic vanillin samples, and determined the optimum range within which the byproducts had no effects on the aroma quality. This study provides a theoretical basis for improving the aroma quality of synthetic vanillin while controlling the production costs.
Penicillin biosensor based on rhombus‐shaped porous carbon/hematoxylin/penicillinase
Authors: Wang Hongsu , Wang Li , Xiu Yi , Zhang Shaoqi , Wang Song , Niu Xiaodi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this experiment, we designed an electrochemical sensor using penicillinase (Pen X)‐rhombus porous carbon (RPC) as the detection element and hematoxylin as the indicator to detect low concentrations of penicillin sodium (Pen G). A differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) method was used to detect Pen G in the concentration range of 10–8–10–5 mg·mL–1 under optimal experimental conditions. The results showed that the peak current value and the logarithm of Pen G concentration showed a good linear relationship (R2 = 0.9915), and the LOD was 2.68 × 10–7 mg·mL–1 (S/N = 3). The actual milk samples were detected by the addition method and compared with the high‐performance liquid phase method; no significant difference was found in the detection results. The working electrode prepared by cross‐linking method not only extends the service life of the sensor, but also improves the sensitivity and reproducibility of the sensor. It can also be used to detect the Pen G residue in the actual milk samples repeatedly.Practical ApplicationIn this study, an electrochemical sensor for the rapid detection of penicillin sodium in milk was prepared, which has good sensitivity and fast detection speed.
A review of artificial intelligence applications for motion tracking in radiotherapy
Authors: Mylonas Adam , Booth Jeremy , Nguyen Doan Trang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDuring radiotherapy, the organs and tumour move as a result of the dynamic nature of the body; this is known as intrafraction motion. Intrafraction motion can result in tumour underdose and healthy tissue overdose, thereby reducing the effectiveness of the treatment while increasing toxicity to the patients. There is a growing appreciation of intrafraction target motion management by the radiation oncology community. Real‐time image‐guided radiation therapy (IGRT) can track the target and account for the motion, improving the radiation dose to the tumour and reducing the dose to healthy tissue. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI)‐based approaches have been applied to motion management and have shown great potential. In this review, four main categories of motion management using AI are summarised: marker‐based tracking, markerless tracking, full anatomy monitoring and motion prediction. Marker‐based and markerless tracking approaches focus on tracking the individual target throughout the treatment. Full anatomy algorithms monitor for intrafraction changes in the full anatomy within the field of view. Motion prediction algorithms can be used to account for the latencies due to the time for the system to localise, process and act.
SPART: A versatile and standardized data exchange format for species partition information
Authors: Miralles Aurélien , Ducasse Jacques , Brouillet Sophie , Flouri Tomas , Fujisawa Tomochika , Kapli Paschalia , Knowles L. Lacey , Kumari Sangeeta , Stamatakis Alexandros , Sukumaran Jeet , Lutteropp Sarah , Vences Miguel , Puillandre Nicolas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA wide range of data types can be used to delimit species and various computer‐based tools dedicated to this task are now available. Although these formalized approaches have significantly contributed to increase the objectivity of species delimitation (SD) under different assumptions, they are not routinely used by alpha‐taxonomists. One obvious shortcoming is the lack of interoperability among the various independently developed SD programs. Given the frequent incongruences between species partitions inferred by different SD approaches, researchers applying these methods often seek to compare these alternative species partitions to evaluate the robustness of the species boundaries. This procedure is excessively time consuming at present, and the lack of a standard format for species partitions is a major obstacle. Here, we propose a standardized format, SPART, to enable compatibility between different SD tools exporting or importing partitions. This format reports the partitions and describes, for each of them, the assignment of individuals to the “inferred species”. The syntax also allows support values to be optionally reported, as well as original trees and the full command lines used in the respective SD analyses. Two variants of this format are proposed, overall using the same terminology but presenting the data either optimized for human readability (matricial SPART) or in a format in which each partition forms a separate block (SPART.XML). ABGD, DELINEATE, GMYC, PTP and TR2 have already been adapted to output SPART files and a new version of LIMES has been developed to import, export, merge and split them.
Chromosome‐level genome assembly of Welwitschia mirabilis, a unique Namib Desert species
Authors: Han Yuwei , Zhang Weixiong , Zhou Botong , Zeng Peng , Tian Zunzhe , Cai Jing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWelwitschia mirabilis, which is endemic to the Namib Desert, is the only living species within the family Welwitschiaceae. This species has an extremely long lifespan of up to 2,000 years and bears a single pair of opposite leaves that persist whilst alive. However, the underlying genetic mechanisms and evolution of the species remain poorly elucidated. Here, we report on a chromosome‐level genome assembly for W. mirabilis, with a 6.30‐Gb genome sequence and contig N50 of 27.50 Mb. In total, 39,019 protein‐coding genes were predicted from the genome. Two brassinosteroid‐related genes (BRI1 and CYCD3), key regulators of cell division and elongation, were strongly selected in W. mirabilis and may contribute to their long ever‐growing leaves. Furthermore, 29 gene families in the mitogen‐activated protein kinase signalling pathway showed significant expansion, which may contribute to the desert adaptations of the plant. Three positively selected genes (EHMT1, EIF4E, SOD2) may be involved in the mechanisms leading to long lifespan. Based on molecular clock dating and fossil calibrations, the divergence time of W. mirabilis and Gnetum montanum was estimated at ~123.5 million years ago. Reconstruction of population dynamics from genome data coincided well with the aridification of the Namib Desert. The genome sequence detailed in the current study provides insight into the evolution of W. mirabilis and should be an important resource for further study on gnetophyte and gymnosperm evolution.
Development and validation of a Behçet's Disease Damage Index for adults with BD: An Explicit, Composite and Rated (ECR) tool
Authors: Gheita Tamer A. , Hammam Nevin , Fawzy Samar M. , Abd El‐Latif Eiman , El‐Gazzar Iman I. , Samy Nermeen , El‐Hammady Dina H. , Abdel Noor Rasha , El‐Shebini Emad , El‐Najjar Amany R. , Eesa Nahla N. , Salem Mohamed N. , Ibrahim Soha E. , El‐Essawi Dina F. , Elsaman Ahmed M. , Senara Soha , Fathi Hanan M. , Sallam Rehab A. , El Shereef Rawhya R. , Abd Elazeem Mervat I. , Fawzy Rasha M. , Khalil Noha M. , Shahin Dina , El‐Saadany Hanan M. , ElKhalifa Marwa , Nasef Samah I. , Abdalla Ahmed M. , Noshy Nermeen , Said Emtethal A. , Saad Ehab , Moshrif Abdel Hafeez , El‐Shanawany Amira T. , Abdel‐Fattah Yousra H. , Raafat Hala A. , Khalil Hossam M. ,   the Egyptian College of Rheumatology‐Behçet's Disease Study Group (ECR‐BDSG)
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundBehçet's disease (BD) is a chronic multisystem variable vessel vasculitis. Disease damage is irreversible and permanent. Validated tools evaluating damage are limited. Enhancements in the clinical treatment of vasculitis will take place from the development of refined and exclusive indices for individual vasculitic syndromes including BD and attempting their international validation.ObjectivesThis aim was to develop and validate a simple BD Damage Index (BDI).MethodsThis was a nationwide study including 1252 BD patients. The work consisted of 3 stages. Stage 1: items generation for score content. Stage 2: items selection for the draft score was performed by an expert rheumatologist. Stage 3: the content validity of the draft score was assessed and BDI, Vasculitis Damage Index (VDI), Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐associated Vasculitis Index of Damage (AVID) and Combined Damage Assessment Index (CDAI) were calculated and compared.ResultsThe mean age of the BD patients was 36.1 ± 9.9 years. Stages 1 and 2 resulted in a BDI instrument containing 73 items with a maximum score of 100. Stage 3, the VDI, CDAI, AVID, and BDI were 2.9 ± 2.2, 3.1 ± 2.3, 3.1 ± 2.3 and 5.1 ± 2.9, respectively. High correlations (r = .9) between comparable damage scores assured acceptable concurrent validity.ConclusionThe proposed BDI represents a new robust and potentially useful tool when dealing with BD chronic status.
Epicardial carvernous hemangioma: The diagnostic challenge of a middle mediastinal mass
Authors: Drevet Gabrielle , Chalabreysse Lara , Gamondes Delphine , Tronc François , Maury Jean‐Michel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrimary tumors in the middle mediastinum are rare and pose diagnostic challenges. Lymphomas, mediastinal cysts and thymomas most frequently affect this anatomic area. Primary cardiac tumors are rare and constitute a differential diagnosis for the inferior middle mediastinum. Surgical exploration and resection is often mandatory in order to make a definitive diagnosis. Here, we report the case of a 69 year‐old women who presented with persistent dyspnea. A complete preoperative workup revealed a large tissular mass adjacent to the right atrium. A diagnosis of a typical epicardial cavernous hemangioma was made following surgical resection.
Trajectories of alcohol misuse among the UK Armed Forces over a 12‐year period
Authors: Palmer Laura , Norton Sam , Jones Margaret , Rona Roberto J. , Goodwin Laura , Fear Nicola T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo identify the main trajectories of alcohol misuse among UK military personnel from 12 years after the start of the Iraq war (2003) and the factors associated with each trajectory.DesignLongitudinal cohort study with three phases of data collection (2004–06, 2007–09 and 2014–16).SettingUnited Kingdom.ParticipantsServing and ex‐serving personnel of the UK Armed Forces (n = 7111) participating at Phase 1 and at least one follow‐up phase of the King's Centre for Military Health Research (KCMHR) cohort study.MeasurementsTrajectories of alcohol misuse were derived from scores using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT‐10) over three data collection phases. Demographic and military characteristics were collected and, among the key covariates, post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was measured using the PTSD checklist (PCL‐C) and childhood interpersonal stress and violence was measured using items from the Adverse Childhood Experiences questionnaire.FindingsFive trajectories of alcohol misuse were identified, including ‘no misuse’ (n = 2249, 31.6%) and ‘hazardous’ (n = 3398, 47.8%), ‘harmful’ (n = 832, 11.7%), ‘severe‐to‐hazardous’ (n = 258, 5.3%) and ‘severe’ (n = 374, 3.6%) drinking. Substantial changes were evident only among severe drinkers, where more than half reduced over the study period. The factors most strongly associated with belonging to harmful/severe drinking classes were young age, male gender and childhood adversities and antisocial behaviour. Severe drinkers at Phase 1 were more likely to report probable PTSD and shorter military careers and were less likely to serve as Officers. Persistent severe drinkers were less likely to serve in the RAF compared to the Army and were more likely to be reserves. Not misusing alcohol was also associated with reserve status and having left service.ConclusionsIn a cohort of approximately 7000 UK military personnel, trajectories of alcohol misuse appeared stable between 2004 and 2016. More than half of severe drinkers made substantial improvements over the period, but 68% of the cohort continued to drink hazardously or harmfully. Lack of change for the majority of the sample signals the need for strategies to address alcohol misuse and its cultural and psychosocial drivers.
Comparison of the effects from coronal pre‐flaring and glide‐path preparation on torque generation during root canal shaping procedure
Authors: Kwak Sang Won , Ha Jung‐Hong , Shen Ya , Haapasalo Markus , Kim Hyeon‐Cheol 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of glide‐path preparation and coronal pre‐flaring on torque generation of rotary nickel–titanium files. Sixty mesiobuccal root canals of 3D printed resin teeth (Dentalike) were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 15) according to the preparation method; Group 1: OneCurve only; Group 2: OneG and OneCurve; Group 3: OneFlare and OneCurve; Group 4: OneFlare, OneG, and OneCurve. During the final canal preparation procedure, the torque generated was recorded. The sum of generated torque and maximum torque were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed with one‐way ANOVA and Duncan’s post hoc comparison. The summed torque was reduced by glide‐path preparation and coronal pre‐flaring (P < 0.05), whereas the maximum torque was not reduced by the glide‐path preparation (P > 0.05). It will be advantageous to create a glide‐path with coronal pre‐flaring to reduce the stress and reactive forces to the NiTi file and root dentin.
Forest insects and the binary power law
Authors: Taylor R. A. J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHughes and Madden's binary power law was used to analyse sample data of three life stages of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) and adult emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis), both important invasive forest pests in North America.Tally thresholds were used to convert quantitative gypsy moth data to binomial, presence–absence data for binary power law analysis.Presence–absence data from two emerald ash borer surveys were analysed, an initial highly intensive and expensive survey expanding out from the point of introduction in Michigan and a second extensive survey designed to detect and track the leading edge of the beetle's expanding range.Emerald ash borer was found to be moderately aggregated in the initial survey data, but very near to random in the leading edge survey. The latter result is consistent with other findings that spatial distribution is less aggregated at range edges than near the centre of the range.Estimates of the proportion of positive observations in the initial intensive survey were found to be more precise than those obtained in the leading edge survey.Comparisons of binomial power law estimates and Taylor's power law estimates of the gypsy moth data suggest the possibility of a fundamental connection between the two power laws. A possible connection, the effect of tally thresholds and their relationship with sampling efficiency are discussed.