bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of potassium supply on content of apple leaf phosphorus
Authors: Kuzin A I , Solovchenko A E , Karpukhina S A , Ya Kashirskaya N , Kochkina A M , Artsybasheva N S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Well-balanced mineral nutrition of apple trees is critical for fruit quality and storability. The seasonal changes of phosphorus and potassium leaf content were studied in the pot sand culture during the seasons of 2019 and 2020. The treatments comprised the application of the nutrient solution with different concentrations (0.00; 0.68; 1.36; 1.70; 2.04; 2.72; 3.40 g l-1). Leaves were analyzed on potassium and phosphorus content. The increase in potassium supply led to a striking increase in the content of apple leaf phosphorus above the optimal level. An approach to non-invasive detection of the impact of the nutrient imbalance based on hyperspectral reflectance imaging has been proposed.
Current state and problems of development of organic gardening in Russia
Authors: Sokolov OV , Castornov N P , Zhilyakov D I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Currently, there is a clear overproduction of apples in the world. This dictates to commodity producers the need to use innovative approaches to the development of horticulture in order to increase the competitiveness of their products in the market. Modern approaches to the conduct of world agriculture are based on the principles of the development of organic production. The overseas markets for environmentally friendly products are developing rapidly. Much attention is paid to the promotion of organic fruits on the market. In Russia, organic gardening is just gaining ground. The regulatory and legal framework for organic production is being developed, conversion processes are being carried out at producers of horticultural products, and environmentally friendly production of fruits is created and certified. Currently, only a few horticultural organizations have passed the certification procedure and are engaged in the production of environmentally friendly products. The development of the process of organizing organic fruit production is constrained by a number of factors, the main of which are the lack of domestic experience in organizing and conducting organic gardening, the underdevelopment of the market for organic products, and the lack of state support for the industrial production of organic fruits. The article discusses the importance of organic gardening, the state and problems of the development of environmentally friendly fruit production in Russia, the features of organic gardening, the efficiency of the production of environmentally friendly gardening products. The main directions for the development of organic gardening in the country are proposed, the main of which are technological and technical support for the development of the industry, information support for commodity producers, marketing of organic products, effective government support for organic gardening.
Agrophysical properties of soil and yield of spring barley for various predecessors and mineral fertilizers in the Central Black Earth Region
Authors: Ermolaev S N , Smurov S I , Grigorov O V , Naumkin V N , Naumkina L A , Kryukov A N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The research is devoted to the study of the influence of precursors and mineral fertilizers, applied in various doses, on the agrophysical properties of the soil, the value of the grain yield of spring barley in the soil and climatic conditions of the Central Black Earth region. The field experiment was based on the long-term hospital of Belgorod State Agrarian University named after V. Ya. Gorin. As an object, the variety of spring barley Knyazhich, recommended for the region, was chosen. The soil of the experimental plot is typical chernozem, medium loamy granulometric composition on loess-like loam. The experiment scheme (4×4) provided for the study of four gradations of factor A (predecessors: corn for grain - control, sunflower, sugar beet, soybeans) and factor B (doses of mineral fertilizers: N10P10K10 - control, N30P30K30, N50P50K50, N70P70K70). Growth and development of spring barley plants in 2018-2020 took place in meteorological conditions characterized as arid with a predominance of elevated temperatures and insufficient precipitation during the critical phases of plant vegetation. The results of field experiments established that the water and agrophysical properties (density and structural-aggregate composition) of the soil under the influence of previous crops approached the optimal values and changed insignificantly. Increased doses of mineral fertilizers had a positive effect on the value of the yield of barley grain according to the studied predecessors. The highest grain yield over the years of research was obtained at high N50P50K50 and intensive N70P70K70 backgrounds for the predecessors of soybeans and sugar beets and amounted to 5.48 and 5.03 t/ha and 5.33 and 5.32 t/ha, respectively. This was higher than the control of corn for grain 0.82 and 0.37 t/ha and 0.62 and 0.61 t/ha, while for sunflower it decreased to 4.06 and 4.71 t/ha and was at the level with the control.
Assessment of economically valuable traits of apple varieties and features of the main elements of the technology for their cultivation in an arid climate
Authors: Mushinskiy A A , Merezhko O E , Aminova E V , Fomin S D 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The purpose of the research is to create winter-hardy, large-fruited, high-yielding, high-quality varieties of apple trees of different ripening periods and their growing technology (use of a biological product) in the South Urals. The research was carried out on the basis of Orenburg Experimental Station of Horticulture and Viticulture - a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Selection and Technology Center for Horticulture and Nursery ” from 1999 to 2020. Research objects were summer apple varieties – “Orenburgskoe”, “Orenburgskoe krasnoe”, “Solntsedar” (K); winter – “Orenburgskoe pozdnee”, “Zimnee”, “Yuzhnouralskoe” (K). The counts and observations were carried out according to generally accepted methods. As a result of the studies, the data obtained showed that the property of short stature as a genetic trait of resistance is transmitted to the offspring during hybridization. The varieties “Orenburgskoe pozdnee”, “Zimnee” and “Yuzhnouralskoe” showed the greatest increase in productivity embodiment experience “Evrikor Forte + 7” 2.5 l / ha by 25.4%, 24.3% and 22.2% respectively. Thus, the application of “Eurikor-Forte + 7” increased both the number of fruits and their weight, and also increased the yield of the studied varieties.
The influence of agrotechnical methods on the formation of the harvest of potatoes of the early variety
Authors: Dyikanova M E , Gasparyan I N , Levshin A G , Deniskina N F , Gasparyan Sh V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article presents the results of research on agrotechnical methods of growing potatoes of the early Meteor variety in the conditions of the Non-Chernozem zone. To obtain products in the early stages, the following were used: covering materials of various density and light transmission (white and black) 17 g-m-2 and 30 g-m-2, germination of tubers, the influence of the fraction of the planting material on the formation of the crop. The Moscow region is characterized by extreme weather conditions in the early spring period, which often leads to a delay in the development and formation of the harvest of early potato production. For the implementation of research tasks, an early potato variety “Meteor” for table use was used - with good taste and recommended for obtaining ultra-early products. The variety has a high declared yield, resistance to diseases widespread in research conditions. The aim of the research was to obtain an increase in yields without the use of growth stimulants and chemical fertilizers, which is important for the modern buyer. According to the research results, we noted the effect of the covering material in combination with the germination of tubers on the early emergence of seedlings and a long growing season before the first and second harvesting. The maximum difference in yield was noted at 15.07 in relation to the control in variants with a covering material of 17 g-m-2 and 30 g-m -2 in combination with germination, as well as in the variant: tubers of a large fraction in combination with germination that amounted to 27 … 25%. The average increase for the first harvest was noted in variants with a covering material without germination of tubers that amounted to 8 … 11% in relation to the control. When cleaning, the gap between control and options decreased by 2 … 3% compared to the first harvest, and the total yield increased by 5 … 8% in all variants of the experiment in relation to the first harvest.
Dependence of the content of microbial biomass in typical black soil on agrogenic factors and year season
Authors: Kaluzhskikh A G , Belyaev A G , Dolgopolova N V , Timofeeva N M , Malysheva E V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The authors of the paper found that the nature and direction of the seasonal dynamics of the content of microbial biomass in typical black soil in grain-fallow crop rotation differ depending on the slope direction, the cultivation system and the soil layer. The characteristics of the dynamics of the content of microbial biomass in typical black soil in the agroecosystem of grain-fallow crop rotation, depending on the slope direction and the type of soil cultivation are revealed. The influence of the slope direction on the dynamics of the microbial biomass in the soil is more pronounced in the layer of 10-20 cm. The need to ensure the supply of a sufficient amount of post-harvest residues and organic fertilizers to the soil is shown. The increase in the uniformity of the upper layer of typical black soil is associated with the constant mechanical man-made impact on it. The obtained results about the nature of the impact of the studied factors on the seasonal and spatial variability of microbial biomass can be used in the development of systems for the management of the biological activity and reproduction of organic matter in black soils in order to improve their ecological state. The results of studies of the ecologically and agronomically important soil component i.e. microbial biomass are necessary for the development of systems for the regulation of soil fertility in order to increase their productivity, as well as for the development of a control system for the content of microbial biomass in black soils. The experimental data can serve as the basis for a database on the microbial pool of various soils and ecosystems, which is advisable to use for model predictive calculations, including in different ecological scenarios. The assessment of the state of organisms living in the soil and their biodiversity are important in the solution of the problems of environmental practice: identification of zones of ecological disadvantage, calculation of damage caused by man-made activities, determination of the stability of the ecosystem and the impact of certain anthropogenic factors.
Influence of technology on the quality indicators of the composition of drone brood and royal jelly
Authors: Mitrofanov D V , Budnikova N V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Drone brood homogenate and compositions based on it are gaining popularity as functional food products and biologically active food additives. It has antioxidant, androgenic, anabolic, sedative, antidepressant, immunotropic, cosmetic and other properties. Royal jelly and drone brood have a pronounced biological activity, as they contain a large amount of decenoic acids, sulfhydryl groups, proteins, peptides and other biologically active substances. The possibility of expanding the spectrum of biological activity determines the relevance of developing a product containing a composition of drone brood and royal jelly. A significant superiority of the safety of biologically active substances in adsorbed drone brood and royal jelly in comparison with lyophilized ones was shown, which indicates the preferred method of stabilizing the combined product. The purpose of the work was to compare two technological methods for preparing a combined product. The first method consisted in the joint adsorption of royal jelly and drone brood, and the second - in separate adsorption and drying, followed by joint dry granulation of the components. It is shown that the differences in the physicochemical characteristics of products obtained by different methods are insignificant. The composition has intermediate values of physicochemical indicators between drone brood and royal jelly.
Screening economically important features of spring common wheat varieties of CIMMYT breeding in the central Russia
Authors: Rubets V S , Pylnev V V , Voronchihina I N , Kotenko Yu N , Taranova D D 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Creating of populations with wide genotypic diversity is the basis of successful selection of promising lines. This can be achieved by involving breeding material from various ecological and geographical origins, as well as interspecific hybrids, in crossing. 14 spring common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties of CIMMYT breeding (Mexico) were researched to identify the genetic sources of economically important features. A number of these varieties proved to be the sources of adaptability to biotic and abiotic stresses and high grain quality. The yield properties of the Mexican varieties in the central Russia were at or below the standard – the ‘Zlata ’ wheat variety.
Justification of the need to protect wheat crops against disease agents in the North–Eastern part of the Central Chernozem region
Authors: Zeleneva Yu V , Sudnikova V P , Lavrinova V A , Polunina T S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
To develop and optimize protective measures in the CCR conditions, an analysis of the epidemic resistance of zoned varieties and hybrid lines of spring wheat to the causative agents of septoria, brown and yellow rust was carried out; the effect of fungicides, biological agents, their binary mixtures was studied for wheat crops. Among the selection material of spring wheat, lines and numbers were identified and selected as potential genetic sources and donors, combining resistance to environmental stress factors (brown and yellow rust, septoria blight) with productivity and adaptability to the conditions of the Central Black Earth Region. Using DNA markers, Lr genes in the lines selected as potential donors of leaf rust resistance were identified. In the genotypes of selection lines, the Lr19 gene dominance was revealed in combination with the weakly effective genes Lr10, Lr 20, and Lr 26. It was observed that the combination of Lr19 + Lr26 increases the level of resistance. All zoned varieties were affected by diseases, which indicates the need for protective measures. The biological effectiveness of chemical and biological agents against aerogenic diseases was established in the range of 82.1-100%. Amistar Extra was effective against septoria, perenophorosis and leaf rust, Rex Duo was effective against leaf rust, Title Duo was effective against powdery mildew. Amist Extra 0.7 l / ha + Biostim 2.0 l / ha was effective against leaf rust (99.4%) and powdery mildew (98.9%). A mixture of Amistar Extra 0.7 l / ha and Alfastim 30 ml / ha was effective against septoria (93.0%) and pyrenoforosis (100%). Mixed forms of Amistar Extra 0.7 l / ha + Alfastim 30 ml / ha (91.3-95.7%) and Amistar Extra 0.7 l / ha + Healthy yield 0.9 l / ha (91.0-95.7%) were effective against septoria spot and brown rust.
Intensification of lamb salting process with low frequency ultrasound
Authors: Krasnikova E S , Morgunova N L , Krasnikov A V , Rykhlov A S , Babushkin V A , Sukharev M I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Young lamb has high nutritional properties due to its high protein, amino acids, vitamins and microelements content. However, the specific odor and the high fat pour point are the main obstacles to the industrial use of lamb. The purpose of our research was to study the physical and chemical characteristics of raw lamb after ultrasonic salting and to select the optimal processing conditions and their economic justification. Experimental samples were salted in the devices UOM - 2 and PSB - Gals at 35 kHz ultrasound frequency, as well as using an ultrasonic submersible emitter at 26 kHz. Ultrasonic treatment has led to an increase in the pH and moisture content of the raw material, as well as in product yield. With an increase in the salting time, the water activity (Aw) decreased. Based on the results of physicochemical samples studies and comparative analysis of the economic efficiency, a submersible ultrasonic emitter with an ultrasonic frequency of 26 kHz and a salting duration of 12 hours was recommended for lamb delicacies salting.
Application of air ionization in refrigerant storage of grapes refuse, boiled with starch syrup, in marshmallow technology
Authors: Akishin D V , Maslova M V , Grosheva E V , Krivolapov I P , Tugaryova V V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Experimental data on the change in the number and species composition of microorganisms in the atmosphere have been provided. These includes the changes on the walls of refrigeration chambers and on the surface of berries of the grape varieties Preobrazhenie and Livia when stored in a refrigerating chamber with a normal and ionized atmosphere. It was shown that the use of an ionized atmosphere with a concentration of positive aeroions of 0.25… 0.48 × 1 × 103 cm3 and negative aeroions of 0.11… 0.25 × 1 × 103 cm3 helped to reduce the overall microbiota contamination in a storage atmosphere by 94.7%. This happened on the surface of the walls and structures of the refrigerating chamber by 100% and on the surface of berries of the grape varieties Preobrazhenie and Livia by 95.6% and 97.1%, respectively.
Optimal composition of poultry balls based on natural brown flax bran
Authors: Suhareva T N , Babushkin V A , Ratushny A S , Toporkova K I , Tolstova N Yu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The paper established that depending on the number of natural brown flax bran and squash the prefabricated poultry meat does not significantly change its indicators, but the most optimal is sample No. 2 – with the replacement of the wheat bread norm with 50% natural brown flax bran; with the replacement of the water norm with 50% squash – Kurazh. The content of amino acids in Kurazh balls was higher than in the control sample, which indicates their biological value and quality. The study of the content of such acute deficient amino acids as lysine, methionine and tryptophan showed that the Kurage balls exceed the control sample in amino acids: lysine – by 77.6%, methionine – by 125.5%, tryptophane – by 78.1, respectively. A new kind of balls with functional ingredients has a number of useful properties for the human body and may be recommended for gerodietetic nutrition.
Innovative approach to combined healthy food
Authors: Tretyakova E N , Necheporuk A G , Babushkin V A , Kirina I B , Pershikova A G 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The paper analyzes the possibility of not only expanding the range of healthy food products, but also reducing its cost due to the combination of natural animal and plant raw materials. The possibility of introducing an innovative approach to the creation of products aimed at healthy nutrition was considered. It was found that the inclusion of plant additives into traditional meat-containing products will not only contribute to high quality products, but also products with increased nutritional and biological value. It was proved that the inclusion of plant ingredients ensures products with functional properties, high physicochemical and organoleptic indices. It was revealed that the proposed technological scheme and formula of a new type of meat-containing semi-product in dough with the introduction of vegetal raw materials will make the product more functional. The obtained results showed that the inclusion of wheat bran, nettle and onions in minced white meat will make it possible to enrich the product with essential nutrients. The obtained results of the study show that the combination of natural and plant raw materials makes it possible to obtain a product with high quality at a low cost aimed at improving the health of large population groups.
A comparative study of the chemical composition and antioxidant value of fruits and vegetables
Authors: Perfilova OV , Bryksina K V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Natural sources of antioxidants are plant materials, which include dietary fiber, oligosaccharides, vitamins, and minerals. Fruits and vegetables are the main natural sources of dietary fiber, vitamins, macro- and microelements and one of the popular ingredients for creating functional products that have a regulatory effect on many body systems and the body as a whole. The article examines the biochemical characteristics of fresh fruits and vegetables in order to highlight the most promising ones for bakeries. As a result of a comprehensive assessment of the biochemical characteristics of fresh fruits and vegetables, the most promising ones for baking were identified.
Development of technology for cooked smoked lamb products using ultrasonic treatment
Authors: Krasnikova E S , Morgunova N L , Krasnikov A V , Ivanova Z I , Shorina A V , Sukharev M I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Cooked smoked lamb products belong to the category of delicacies with dietary properties. However, they are not widely used in the food market of the Russian Federation due to the complexity and duration of the technological process. In addition, the multi-stage delicacies making process contributes to the contamination of raw materials with microorganisms. The purpose of our research was to develop a technology for cooked smoked lamb products and the study of low-frequency ultrasound effect on microorganisms - possible contaminants of meat raw materials. Exposure to ultrasound at 35 kHz for 2 minutes inhibited the growth of C. albicans by 33.3%, E. coli by 43.8%, B. subbillis by 46.8%, S. aureus - by 80.6% in comparison with the control samples. After sonication at 26 kHz and exposure for 1 minute, the growth rate of C. albicans decreased by 50%, E. coli - by 64.6%, B. subbillis - by 89.1%, S. aureus - by 86.8% in comparison with control samples. With an increase in the treatment time, the growth rate of the studied bacteria decreased up to 90-98%. An organoleptic assessment of cooked smoked lamb delicacy after 6, 8, 10 and 12 hours of ultrasonic salting showed that the sample with a 12-hour salting had the best organoleptic properties. The developed scheme of smoked cooked lamb delicacies helps to improve the sanitary condition of the raw meat salting process, accelerate the product yield and improve the organoleptic properties of lamb delicacies.
Innovations in the production of syrups for healthy diet
Authors: Popova E I , Bryksina K V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Fruits and vegetables are the most popular raw ingredients that act as a source of dietary fiber and other biologically active substances that benefit the human body. The vast majority of nutrients enter the human body with food, so the daily ration of an average person should include those useful products that can provide the body with the necessary amount of biologically active substances. Vegetable-based raw materials containing vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, dietary fibers used in the production of food products are considered a source of functional properties. A priority area of product technologies is the search for technological methods for the production of functional food products with a given biological value (high BAS and antioxidant content). The paper presents recipes and innovative technology for the production of functional syrups based on Viburnum fruits, as well as the evaluation of consumer characteristics, nutritional value and functional orientation of the corresponding products.