bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supergiant porphyry Cu deposits are failed large eruptions
Authors: Chiaradia Massimo , Caricchi Luca 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Porphyry copper deposits, the principal natural source of Cu and Mo, form at convergent margins. Copper is precipitated from fluids associated with cooling magmas that have formed in the mantle and evolved at variably deep crustal levels, before raising close to the surface where they exsolve fluids and copper. Despite significant advances in the understanding of their formation, there are still underexplored aspects of the genesis of porphyry copper deposits. Here, we address the role played by magma injection rates into the shallow crust on the formation of porphyry copper deposits with different copper endowments. Using a mass balance approach, we show that supergiant porphyry Cu deposits (>10 Mt Cu) require magma volumes and magma injection rates typical of large volcanic eruptions. Because such volcanic events would destroy magmatic-hydrothermal systems or prevent their formation, the largest porphyry Cu deposits can be considered as failed large eruptions and this may be one of the causes of their rarity.
Strategic autonomy of the European Union: on the way to «European Sovereignty» in defense?
Authors: Яковюк Іван Васильович , Трагнюк Олеся Янівна , Сергійович Бойчук Дмитро 
Published: August 2021

2019 marked 20 years since EU Member States decided to create a joint EU approach to security and defense. The paper raises the question on finding new approaches to provide security and defense in Europe in the current context, as well as the formation of a new paradigm for research on regional security in Europe. Traditional approaches to the study of European integration (neofunctionalism and intergovernmentalism) are of little use for theorizing the development of European defense in conditions of new challenges and threats to national and regional security, as well as transatlantic solidarity violations. The article studies European Strategic Autonomy (ESA), which refers to the ability of the European Union, in conjunction with Member States, to independently determine its own priorities according to which to take decisions and implement them in the fields of foreign policy, security and defense. ESA is not synonymous with independence, nor does it deny membership in military-political alliances, since a more realistic scenario implies positioning itself as a European pillar of NATO. The implementation of the idea of building a "european sovereignty" in the field of security and defense implies that the European Union should take bigger responsibility for its own security, the security of its neighbors, andshould strengthen its role in transatlantic relations without opposing NATO. In order to move from rhetoric to concrete policy steps, the EU needs to develop a plan of measures for political, institutional and industrial action. It means that achieving real autonomy requires time and joint efforts by EU institutions and Member State governments. However, political and institutional autonomy can be built exclusively within the whole Union, while military-industrial autonomy can be initiated and implemented by a group of the most economically and technologically advanced EU Member States.
Customers’ satisfaction assessment in water laboratories
Authors: Fernandes Ana , Figueiredo Margarida , Neves José , Vicente Henrique 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In the literature, several definitions of quality can be found in the context of organizations. However, all of them are related to customer satisfaction with the products or services offered by companies. Thus, organizations are increasingly committed to meet customers’ requests, aiming to promote high levels of satisfaction. This study aims to evaluate the levels of satisfaction of water laboratory customers and to establish a predictive model for customers’ satisfaction assessment. To achieve this goal, artificial intelligence methods have been used. A questionnaire was used to collect data and applied to a cohort including 253 customers. The results showed most of the customers rating the global performance of the laboratory as positive. However, this study revealed that clarity of answers to customers’ questions, reliability of the results, and presentation of analytical results contributed most to customers’ dissatisfaction. The model presented in this study, based on artificial neural networks, exhibited good performance in the prediction of the customers’ satisfaction and contributed to establish improvement measures to promote their satisfaction.
Comparative life cycle assessment of aerobic treatment units and constructed wetlands as onsite wastewater treatment systems in Australia
Authors: Gongora Giovani Rodolfo Alatrista , Lu Ray Hangyong , El Hanandeh Ali 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLife Cycle Assessment was used to evaluate onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTS): aerobic treatment unit (ATU) with reinforced concrete (C.ATU) and HDPE (H.ATU) tank; and constructed wetland (CW) with three biochar concentrations in the substrate (0%; 10, and 20% v:v), dubbed CW.BC0, CW.BC10 and CW.BC20, respectively. CML 2001 in SimaPro® was used to evaluate the impacts of the treatment of 1 m3 wastewater. The OWTS were compared on their overall environmental performance scores (OEP). ATUs have higher impacts on human toxicity, eutrophication, freshwater and marine ecotoxicity. The CW.BC20 has the lowest global warming impact (GWP) while CW.BC0 has the highest. Electricity consumption was the largest contributor to the impacts of the ATUs. PVC pipes, coir peat, geomembrane, and electronic devices were the biggest contributors to the impacts of the CWs. The OEP of the CWs were almost a third of the ATUs’ (6.07E-03). Changes in electricity sources were tested according to the 2030-Australian targets; increasing renewables share improves the OEP of ATUs by 39%; nevertheless, CWs continue to outperform the ATUs. Variations in biochar biodegradation had a small effect on the OEP of CWs; being relevant only to GWP. This study provides a reference to policy makers for better evaluation of OWTS.
Inhibition of Liver Cancer HepG2 Cell Proliferation by Enzymatically
Prepared Low-molecular Citrus Pectin
Authors: Wu Xiao-Qian , Fu Jia-Ying , Mei Ru-Yi , Dai Xian-Jun , Li Jun-Hui , Zhao Xiao-Feng , Liu Ming-Qi 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Low-molecular citrus pectin (LCP) is a pectin polysaccharide with low molec-ular weight, low degree of crux, and no branching. It is obtained by degrading natural citrus pectin (CP) through physical, chemical and enzymatic methods. LCP has received considerable attention in recent years due to its potential applications in the medical and biological fields.

Methods:
In our previous study, LCP was prepared from CP by using recombinant Bacillus subtilis pectate lyase B. Monosaccharide comparative analysis revealed that the galacturonic acid content of LCP was higher than that of CP. The cell viability effect of LCP was elucidated by using HepG2 cells and the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining, Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, and flow cytometer propidium iodide stain-ing were performed to detect the effects of LCP on apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in HepG2 cells. Mi-tochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was observed through 5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethyl-imidacarbocyanine assay.

Results & discussion:
The Mw of the prepared LCP was 7.6 kDa, which was significantly lower than that of CP (140 kDa). Cell viability decreased with the increase in the concentration of LCP. The half-inhibitory concentration of 1.46 ± 0.02 mg/mL was determined. Treatment with 1.6 mg/mL LCP in-duced the apoptosis of HepG2 cells with the inhibition rate of 83.10% ± 4.72%, and the cell cycle was arrested in the S phase. Furthermore, the MMP of HepG2 cells decreased with the increase in LCP concentration.

Conclusion:
The enzymatically prepared LCP could inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells. This study provided a partial experimental basis and reference for LCP to become a potential functional food for anti-liver cancer.
Evaluation of the Antidepressant-like Effect of Total Sterols Fraction and
Stigmasterol Isolated from Leaves of Aegle marmelos and Possible Mechanism(
s) of Action Involved
Authors: Ghosh Sourav , Kumar Arvind , Sachan Neetu , Chandra Phool 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Aegle marmelos Corr. (Rutaceae) commonly known as ‘Indian Bael’ has
been used as a brain tonic traditionally. However, despite this traditional use, not enough scientific report
is present that can confirm the use of this plant in neurological disorders. Thus, the total sterols
fraction and stigmasterol from the leaves of Aegle marmelos were investigated for antidepressant-like
effect along with their possible mechanism(s) of action by primarily performing acute toxicity study of
total sterols.

Methods:
An acute toxicological study was carried out at a single oral dose of 2000 mg/kg. Sign of
toxicity was observed by estimating biochemical and performing histopathological analysis. For the
antidepressant-like effect, different doses of total sterols (50-200 mg/kg, p.o. for seven days) and
stigmasterol (5- 20 mg/kg, i.p. acute) were administered in mice using TST and FST models. To evaluate
the mechanism of action, mice were pretreated with GABA, 5-HT, DA, adrenergic antagonists,
and glutamate agonists. Furthermore, a neurochemical study was performed following TST and molecular
docking study was also performed to determine the binding affinity of stigmasterol.

Results:
Total sterols fraction presents no sign of toxicity up to the oral dose of 2000 mg/kg. Oral
treatment of total sterols and acute intraperitoneal treatment of stigmasterol (except 5 mg/kg) reduced
the immobility time significantly. Pretreatment with pCPA (5-HT synthesis inhibitor) and NMDA (an
agonist of the glutamate site) effectively reversed the immobility time of total sterols and stigmasterol
(except pCPA) in TST. However, bicuculline (competitive GABA antagonist), haloperidol (D2 dopaminergic
antagonist) and prazosin (α1 adrenergic antagonist) could not reverse the immobility time.
Meanwhile, total sterols also effectively altered the hippocampus 5-HT and Glu levels. Also, the result
of the molecular docking study depicted that stigmasterol has an affinity to the NMDA receptor.

Conclusions:
The present study suggests that the total sterols fraction did not produce any acute toxicity
in rats. Also, we reported that total sterols, stigmasterol and sub-effective stigmasterol coadministration
with fluoxetine significantly reduced the time of immobility in TST and FST confirmed
the antidepressant-like effect of total sterols fraction and stigmasterol. Moreover, further findings suggest
that the antidepressant-like effect of total sterols might be mediated by the serotonergic and glutamatergic
systems. Whereas only the glutamatergic system was involved in the antidepressant activity
of stigmasterol.
An Integrated Strategy for Rapid Screening of Multi-target Lead Compounds
for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease from Traditional Chinese
Medicines by UHPLC Combined with High-throughput Screening:
A Case Study on Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma
Authors: Zhao Heng-qiang , Zhang Minmin , Zhou Siduo , Liu Wei , Yan Huijiao , Wang Xiao 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Red Sage root) is widely used
in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with
demonstrated curative effects, based on the concept of "one drug with multiple therapeutic targets,"
which appears to be a good strategy for AD treatment.

Objective:
This study aimed to develop of high-throughput screening (HTS) method for multitherapeutic
target components found in complex TCMs, which are active against AD, using Red
Sage root as the case study.

Method:
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors (AChEIs) from Red Sage root extracts were
pre-screened by ultrafiltration-HPLC (UF-HPLC) analysis, in which AChE was added to the extract
and then ultrafiltered to remove non-binding compounds. Potential AChEIs were identified
by HPLC analysis of compounds bound to AChE. A microplate-based HTS was then used to
quantify the AChE inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity of the pre-screened compounds.

Results:
Pre-screening found ten potential inhibitors, which were identified by ESI-TOF/MS; six
of these were purified by semi-preparative HPLC: Oleoyl neocryptotanshinone (1), Dihydrotanshinone
Ⅰ (2), Cryptotanshinone (3), Tanshinone Ⅰ (4), Tanshinone ⅡA (5) and Miltirone (6).
All six compounds had good AChE inhibitory activity and weak DPPH scavenging capacity.

Conclusion:
This study provides a platform and technology support for the rapid discovery of
multi-target components, potentially active against AD, from complex TCMs and with strong potential
for adaptation to the discovery of treatments for other diseases.
Circular RNA NF1-419 Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis by
Regulating Lipid Metabolism in Astroglioma Cells
Authors: Jie Wu , Chen Diling , Li Ran , Tang Xiaocui , Xu Changqiong , Guo Yinrui , Qi Longkai , Li Shan , Ren Qiuyun 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Astroglioma is the most common primary tumor of the central nervous
system. Currently, there is no effective treatment for astroglioma. In the present study, the extract
(L3) from Ganoderma Lucidum (G. lucidum) was found to inhibit the growth of astroglioma U87
cells and change the expression of circular RNAs (circRNAs). One of these, including the circular
NF1-419 (circNF1-419), was of interest because NF1 gene is a classic tumor suppressor gene.

Objective:
The functional role of circ-NF1-419 in the inhibition of astroglioma cells remains unknown.
This study focuses on the role of circNF1-419 in functional abnormalities of U87 astroglioma
cells and aims to elaborate on its regulatory mechanism.

Methods:
The circNF1-419 overexpressing U87 (U87-NF1-419) cells were constructed. We generated
U87-NF1-419 to evaluate the role of circNF1-419 on cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, tumor
growth and metabolic regulation. Finally, we used docking screening to identify compounds in
G. lucidum extracts that target circ-419.

Results:
U87-NF1-419 can promote cell apoptosis and regulate lipid metabolism through
glycerophospholipid metabolism and retrograde endocannabinoid signaling. Further examinations
revealed that the expression of metabolic regulators, such as L-type voltage-operated calcium channels
(L-VOCC), phospholipase C-β3 (PLCβ3), Mucin1, cationic amino acid transporter 4 (CAT4),
cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT1) and a kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 4 (AKAP4) was inhibited,
while phosphatidylserine synthase 1 (PTDSS1) was enhanced in U87-NF1-419 cells. In
vivo experiments showed that circNF1-419 inhibits tumor growth in BALB/C nude mice, and enhanced
AKAP4 and PTDSS1 in tumor tissues. The virtual docking screening results supported that
ganosporeric acid A, ganodermatriol, ganoderic acid B and α-D-Arabinofuranosyladenine in L3
could activate circNF1-419 in astroglioma treatment.

Conclusion:
This study indicated that circNF1-419 could be a therapeutic target for the clinical
treatment of astroglioma. L3 from Ganoderma Lucidum (G. lucidum) could inhibit astroglioma
growth by activating circNF1-419.
Can Antimalarial Phytochemicals be a Possible Cure for COVID-19? Molecular Docking Studies of Some Phytochemicals to SARS-CoV-2 3C-like Protease
Authors: Hasan Anamul , Jannat Khoshnur , Bondhon Tohmina Afroze , Jahan Rownak , Hossan Md Shahadat , de Lourdes Pereira Maria , Nissapatorn Veeranoot , Wiart Christophe , Rahmatullah Mohammed 
Published: August 2021

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of reported anti-malarial phytochemicals as lead compounds for possible drug development against COVID-19.Methods:An in silico approach was used in this study to determine through molecular docking the binding affinities and site of binding of these phytochemicals to the 3C-like protease of COVID-19 which is considered as the main protease of the virus.Results:A number of anti-malarial phytochemicals like apigenin-7-O-glucoside, decurvisine, luteolin- 7-O-glucoside, sargabolide J, and shizukaols A, B, F, and G showed predicted high binding energies with ΔG values of -8.0 kcal/mol or higher. Shizukaols F and B demonstrated the best binding energies of -9.5 and -9.8, respectively. The acridone alkaloid 5-hydroxynoracronycine also gave a predicted high binding energy of -7.9 kcal/mol.Conclusion:This is for the first time that decursivine and several shizukaols were reported as potential anti-viral agents. These compounds merit further studies to determine whether they can be effective drug candidates against COVID-19.
Proactivity among Academicians in Malaysian Private Universities
Authors: Cheah Chew Sze , Tan Cheng Ling , Yeo Sook Fern 
Published: August 2021

The study examines demographic variables' role in academicians' proactive work behaviour (PWB) in private universities. Independent sample t-test and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were performed using self-reported data from 287 academicians. Results show that academicians demonstrated moderate proactivity level. Male demonstrate higher proactiveness compared to females. Married workers score higher on PWB. An academician who holds a managerial position tends to be more proactive compared to others. Furthermore, Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) holder displays a higher level of productivity. The findings offer practical suggestions to the university to address the situation and delegate job assignments based on individual differences.
Keywords: proactive work behaviour; academicians; demographic variables; private university
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI4.2907
Correlation Analysis on the Effects of Wearing Compression Socks and Smooth Socks on Running Kinematics among Runners
Authors: Mohd Jefry Muhammad Hanis , Hasan Hosni , Raja Azidin Raja Mohammed Firhad , Nural Azhan Mohd Azim 
Published: August 2021

This study was conducted to determine running kinematics while using compression socks (CS) and smooth socks (SS) among 16 recreational runners. They were required to complete a maximal treadmill test with two different running sock conditions (smooth and compression). All kinematic parameters (ground contact time, heel strike, stride length and swing time) were reported in an average of the four stages of Bruce protocol. Results showed more significant correlations (p<0.05) among the kinematic variables in the compression socks condition as compared to the smooth socks. In conclusion, wearing compression socks improves movement kinematics while running may be due to the enriched somatosensory information received by the foot.
Keywords: Running; Compression socks; Movement kinematics; Somatosensory feedback
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI4.2915
Benefits and Challenges of Heritage Building Information Modelling Application in Malaysia
Authors: Ismail Elma Dewiyana , Said Shahrul Yani , Jalil Mohd Khairul Anuar , Ismail Noor Akmal Adillah 
Published: August 2021

Studies revealed that most heritage buildings in Malaysia are deteriorating due to poor maintenance of recorded documentation. Unfortunately, conserving heritage buildings is a complex and multi-layered process that requires collaboration between different stakeholders. Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM) is seen as an opportunity to establish a well-managed data collection. This paper attempts to examine the awareness, benefits and challenges of the implementation of BIM among stakeholders. Sixty-nine respondents with BIM knowledge and skills answered the questionnaire. Findings show significant attributes that could improve building conservation project performance, delivery and management, hence several challenges that need further improvement.
Keywords: Building Information Modeling, Conservation, Heritage building information modelling
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI4).2917