bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Effectiveness of a Pneumatic Compression Device Combined with Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin for the Prevention of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Trauma Patients: a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Guo Peng-chao , Li Nan , Zhong Hui-ming , Zhao Guang-feng , Zhang Mao 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the clinical effectiveness of a pneumatic compression device (PCD) combined with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for the prevention and treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in trauma patients.Materials and Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed 286 patients with mild craniocerebral injury and clavicular fractures admitted to our department from January 2016 to February 2020. Patients treated with only LMWH were used as the control group, and patients treated with a PCD combined with LMWH were used as the observation group. The incidence of DVT, the postoperative change in the visual analog scale (VAS) score and coagulation function were observed and compared between the two groups. Excluding the influence of other single factors, binary logistic regression analysis can indicate whether the use of a PCD effectively improves the patient's postoperative coagulation function.Result: The incidence of DVT in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (7.1% vs. 16.7%, respectively, χ2=4.605, P<0.05). The postoperative VAS scores of the two groups were lower than those before surgery (P<0.05). The coagulation function of the LMWH+PCD group was significantly higher than that of the LMWH group, and the combined anticoagulant effect was better (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of preoperative and postoperative Glasgow coma scores, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative infection rate, or length of hospital stay (P>0.05). According to binary logistic regression analysis, the postoperative risk of DVT in patients with LMWH alone was 1.764 times that with the combination of LMWH+PCD (P <0.05). The incidence of DVT with LMWH alone was 1.37 times that with the combined application. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), platelet (PLT) count, and DVT are independent risk factors that indicate the need for a PCD (P <0.05). Excluding the influence of other variables, LMWH+PCD can effectively improve the coagulation function of patients. The area under the curve data indicate that APTT and PLT are sensitive indicators of anticoagulant efficacy (Z inspection, inspection level α = 0.05). Conclusion: Compared with LMWH alone, PCD combined with LMWH can improve blood rheology and coagulation function in patients with traumatic brain injury and clavicular fracture, significantly reduce the incidence of DVT, shorten the hospital stay and improve the clinical effectiveness of treatment.
An Application of Quantitative Geomorphometric Indicators in identifying ‘[Susceptible Zones by Using SVM Model (Case study: Khorramabad- Pol Zal Freeway)
Authors: Ahmadabadi Ali , Saberi Mitra 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Geomorphomety is the quantitative measurement of landforms based on height changes influenced by distance function. Geomorphomety indices express the characteristics of the terrain quantitatively. The present study emphasizes the use of geo-morphometric parameters and SVM algorithm to identify areas prone to landslide in Khorramabad- Paul Zal freeway as one of the important roads in the country. Other indices include slope, aspect, lithology, fault condition, drainage and land use which are applied together with the geometric indices such as profile curvature, plan curvature and total curvature use, artificial intelligence approach and linear functions and polynomial SVM algorithm to identify areas prone to landslides. The results show using Geomorphometric indices play an important role in increasing accuracy of assessing and identifying areas with an increasing the risk of landslides and assessing the accuracy through using land survey data shows that polynomial functions are more accurate in identifying areas prone to landslides than SVM algorithm linear function.
Differential Expression of Desmocollin2, Desmoglein2, and Plakophilin2 in the Progression of Esophagitis to Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wu Yun , Liu Nannan , Bo Wanlan , Zhuang Liwei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDesmosomes play a key role in intercellular adhesive, but also contribute to tumorigenesis. This study aimed to examine the differential expression of desmocollin2 (DSC2), desmoglein2 (DSG2), and plakophilin2 (PKP2) in the progression of reflux esophagitis to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) in the rat model of reflux disease established by esophagogastroduodenal anastomosis (EGDA).MethodsEGDA was performed on rats to induce gastroesophageal reflux leading to the development of EAC. All rats were randomly divided into four groups: group A rats received EGDA only (n=27); group B rats received EGDA and iron supplementation (n=28); group C received pseudo surgery only (n=20); group D received pseudo surgery and iron supplementation (n=20). Animals were randomly selected from each group and euthanized at 8 weeks and 32 weeks following EGDA. Esophageal tissues were harvested and divided into 4 types (normal esophagus, esophagitis, dysplasia, and EAC). On these tissue types, immunohistochemistry was performed to characterize the localization and distribution of DSC2, DSG2, and PKP2, while qRT-PCR and western blot were performed to detect the expression of DSC2, DSG2, and PKP2 at the gene and protein levels.ResultsAt 8 weeks after surgery, 80% of rats in group A and 100% in group B had esophagitis. At 32 weeks, 29.41% and 17.65% of rats in group A developed dysplasia and EAC, respectively, while in group B, dysplasia and EAC accounted for 44.44% and 38.89%, respectively. The expression of DSC2, DSG2, and PKP2 at both the gene and protein levels increased progressively from esophagitis to dysplasia, and EAC. Of note, all of the three genes were significantly upregulated in EAC tissues compared with tissues of esophagitis.ConclusionDSC2, DSG2, and PKP2 may play an important role in the progression of esophagitis to EAC. Their expression levels may therefore be utilized as molecular biomarkers for early diagnosis and targeted therapy for EAC.
Investigation of Stress Situation of Pediatric Nurses and Corresponding Changes of Intestinal Flora
Authors: Wu Zhixiang , JIANG Boyue , ZHANG Xueyan , HAO Jingyue , WANG Qingxuan , SHAO Rubing , CUI Zengzhen , ZHU Zhiyuan , SHEN Jie , ZHAO Mingyi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Sequencing the stool samples to explore the relationship between intestinal flora and the stressor of nurses. METHODS: The research take the pediatric nurses in the Third Xiangya Hospital as the research group and the internal medicine nurses as the control group. Use the "Chinese Nurse Stressor Scale"(CNSS) for general investigation and stress-related assessment. 6 in internal medicine group and 7 in pediatric group to conduct cell sequencing of intestinal flora. Gut microbiome was profiled by 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS: The work stressors of internal medicine and pediatric nurses includes nursing specialty and work (10.94±3.17 vs 12.25±2.78), work environment and resources (4.91±1.63 vs 5.66±2.03), patient care (15.86±4.30 vs 18.95±5.12) and management and interpersonal relationship (8.83±4.94 vs 10.86±5.01). The results were statistically different (P < 0.05). The abundance of Clostridia in internal medicine group is higher, while the abundance of Bacteroidia in pediatric group is higher. The abundance of γ-proteobacteria and β-proteobacteria also have obvious differences between two groups.CONCLUSIONS: The overall stress score of the pediatric nurse group was higher, with their stool samples having more abundance of Bacteroidia, but Clostridia, γ-Proteobacteria and β-Proteobacteria are fewer than that in internal medicine nurses.
Increased myofilament calcium sensitivity is associated with decreased cardiac troponin I phosphorylation in the diabetic rat heart
Authors: Greenman Angela , Diffee Gary M. , Power Amelia , Wilkins Gerard T. , Gold Olivia M. S. , Erickson Jeff R. , Baldi James C. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background

The diabetic heart has impaired systolic and diastolic function independent of other comorbidities. The availability of calcium is altered, but does not fully explain the cardiac dysfunction seen in the diabetic heart. Thus, we explored if myofilament protein regulation of contraction is altered.

Methods

Calcium sensitivity (pCa50) was measured in Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rat hearts at the initial stage of diabetes (12-week-old) and after 8 weeks of uncontrolled hyperglycaemia (20-week-old) and in non-diabetic (nDM) littermates. Skinned cardiomyocytes were connected to a capacitance-gauge transducer and a torque motor to measure force as a function of pCa (-log[Ca2+]). Fluorescent gel stain (ProQ Diamond) was used to measure total protein phosphorylation. Specific phospho-sites on cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and total cTnI O-GlcNAcylation were quantified using immunoblot.

Results

pCa50 was greater in both 12- and 20-week-old diabetic (DM) rats compared to nDM littermates (p = 0.0005). Total cTnI and cTnI serine 23/24 phosphorylation were lower in DM rats (p = 0.003 & p = 0.01, respectively), but cTnI O-GlcNAc protein expression was not different. pCa50 is greater in DM rats and corresponds with an overall reduction in cTnI phosphorylation.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that myofilament calcium sensitivity is increased and cTnI phosphorylation is reduced in ZDF DM rats, which suggests an important role for cTnI phosphorylation in the DM heart.
Association between serum chemokine CC-motif ligand 17 and prognosis of patients at risk for coronary heart disease
Authors: Feng Siqin , Wang Lei , Wang Yifei , Wang Yiyang , Chen Yuxiong , Tian Ran , Wang Hui , Liu Honghong , Zhang Shuyang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background

It has been reported chemokine CC-motif ligand 17 (CCL17), an inflammatory mediator modulating T cells function to affect formation and stableness of atherosclerotic plaque and is associated with the severity of coronary heart disease (CHD). This research aims to further explore the relationship between serum CCL17 and the prognosis of patients at risk for CHD.

Method

This study retrospectively enrolled 495 patients receiving coronary angiogram at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2012 to December 2013. Serum CCL17 was measured on admission and annual routine telephone follow-up was carried out till December 2020. The prognosis of patients was evaluated by the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Cox survival analysis have been applied for univariate and multivariate models setting., Machine learning and data imbalance methods were also added to improve the model performance.

Results

Compared with patients with low serum CCL17 level, patients with medium and high serum CCL17 demonstrated elevated risk to develop MACE, with the hazard ratio (HR) being 4.53 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.08-9.88] and 6.38 (95% CI 3.07-13.28) respectively. CCL17 served as an independent risk factor to predict the incidence of MACE and the addition of CCL17 to the baseline risk model significantly increase the predictive ability for MACE (Area under curve: baseline risk model 0.803±0.021 vs baseline risk model+CCL17 0.836±0.021, p for comparison<0.001).

Conclusions

Elevated CCL17 functions as an independent predictor for MACE in patients at risk for CHD and the potential mechanisms deserved more exploration in the future.
Significance of day-to-day glucose variability in heart failure patients after acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Miyoshi Machiko , Uzui Hiroyasu , Shimizu Tomohiro , Aiki Takayoshi , Shiomi Yuichiro , Nodera Minoru , Ikeda Hiroyuki , Tama Naoto , Hasegawa Kanae , Morishita Tetsuji , Ishida Kentaro , Miyazaki Shinsuke , Tada Hiroshi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Several studies have recently addressed the importance of glycemic variability (GV) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Although daily GV measures, such as mean amplitude of glycemic excursions, are established predictors of poor prognosis in patients with ACS, the clinical significance of day-to-day GV remains to be fully elucidated. We therefore monitored day-to-day GV in patients with ACS to examine its significance. Methods: In 25 patients with ACS, glucose levels were monitored for 14 days using a flash continuous glucose monitoring system. Mean of daily differences (MODD) was calculated as a marker of day-to-day GV. N-terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) was evaluated within 4 days after hospitalization. Cardiac function (left ventricular end-diastolic volume, left ventricular ejection fraction, stroke volume) was assessed by echocardiography in the acute and chronic phases. Results: Of the 25 patients, 8 (32%) were diagnosed with diabetes, and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-based MODD was high (10.3 to 42.3) in 24 patients (96%). Although MODD did not correlate with max CK, there was a positive correlation between J-index, high blood glucose index, and NT-proBNP ( r =0.83, p <0.001; r =0.85, p <0.001; r =0.41, p =0.042, respectively). Conclusion: In patients with ACS, MODD was associated with NT-proBNP. These results suggest that monitoring day-to-day GV in ACS patients may be useful for evaluating worsening cardiac function independent of myocardial infarction after ACS.
An Open Source Toolkit to Parse and Analyze Online Crowdsourced Portals
Authors: Verma Amit Arjun , Iyengar S.R.S , Setia Simran , Dubey Neeru 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
With the success of crowdsourced portals, such as Wikipedia, Stack Overflow, Quora, and GitHub, a class of researchers is driven towards understanding the dynamics of knowledge building on these portals. Even though collaborative knowledge building portals are known to be better than expert-driven knowledge repositories, limited research has been performed to understand the knowledge building dynamics in the former. This is mainly due to two reasons; first, unavailability of the standard data representation format, second, lack of proper tools and libraries to analyze the knowledge building dynamics. We describe Knowledge Data Analysis and Processing Platform (KDAP), a programming toolkit that is easy to use and provides high-level operations for analysis of knowledge data. We propose Knowledge Markup Language (Knol-ML), a generic representation format for the data of collaborative knowledge building portals. KDAP can process the massive data of crowdsourced portals like Wikipedia and Stack Overflow efficiently. As a part of this toolkit, a data-dump of various collaborative knowledge building portals is published in Knol-ML format. The combination of Knol-ML and the proposed open-source library will help the knowledge building community to perform benchmark analysis.
Determinants of dental caries in children in the Middle East and North Africa region: A systematic review based on literature published from 2000 to 2019
Authors: Elamin Amal , Garemo Malin , Mulder Anzelle 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background

Dental caries risk factors have been expanded to not only emphasize biology and dietary and oral habits but also broader social determinants such as socioeconomic factors and the utilization of health services. The aim was to review sociobehavioural/cultural and socioeconomic determinants of dental caries in children residing in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.
Methods

A search was conducted in the PubMed/Medline database and Google Scholar to identify studies published from 2000–2019 covering children using key search terms. In the initial stages, titles, abstracts and, if needed, full articles were screened for eligibility. In the final stage, all included articles were reassessed and read, and relevant data were extracted.
Results

Out of 600 initial articles, a total of 77 were included in this review, of which 74 were cross-sectional, 2 were longitudinal and one was a case-control study. The studies included a total of 94,491 participants in 14 countries across the MENA region. A majority used the World Health Organization scoring system to assess dental caries. The caries prevalence ranged between 17.2–88.8%, early childhood caries between 3–57% and decayed missing filled teeth (dmft) varied between 0.6–8.5 across the various age groups. Increased age, low maternal education, low overall socioeconomic status, decreased frequency of tooth brushing, low parental involvement, poor oral habits, infant feeding practices and sugar were among the most prevalent determinants for increased risk of caries in the reviewed studies.
Conclusions

Dental caries was found to be high among children in many of the studies published from MENA. The key determinants of dental caries were found to include factors related to child characteristics, family background, oral hygiene and infant feeding and eating habits. The high dental caries prevalence emphasises the need to address the prevailing modifiable sociobehavioural and socioeconomic determinants by translating them into effective oral health prevention policies and programmes.
Incidence and cost of hemolytic uremic syndrome in urban China: a national population-based analysis
Authors: Feng Jingnan , Xu Ke , Shi Xinmiao , Xu Lu , Liu Lili , Wang Fang , Zhong Xuhui , Liu Guozhen , Wang Jinxi , Ding Jie , Wang Shengfeng , Gao Pei , Zhan Siyan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: HUS is a severe syndrome that imposes a substantial burden on patients and their families, furthermore, it’s the leading cause of acute kidney failure in children. However, data on the epidemiology and disease burden of HUS are limited in Asia, including in China. We aimed to estimate the incidence and cost of HUS in China.Methods: Data on HUS from 2012 to 2016 were extracted from the databases of the Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI) and the Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance (URBMI). All cases were identified by the ICD code and Chinese diagnostic terms. The national incidence rates in 2016 were estimated and stratified by sex, age and season; the associated medical costs were also calculated. Results: The crude incidence was 0.66 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI: 0.57 to 1.06), and the standardized incidence was 0.57 (0.19 to 1.18). The highest incidence was observed in patients younger than 1 year old (5.08,95% CI: 0.23 to24.87). Meanwhile, the incidence was 0.38 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI: 0.13 to 0.75) in patients younger than 5 years old, and 0.29 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI: 0.09 to 0.57) in patients younger than 18 years old. The season with the highest incidence was autumn, followed by winter. The average cost was 1.75 thousand US dollars per patient, which was higher than the national average cost for all inpatients in the same period. Conclusions: The incidence of HUS in our study was lower than those in the most developed countries, and with different age and season distribution in incidence, which may suggest that the cause of HUS in China may be different from that elsewhere. Due to insufficient knowledge of physicians and lacking laboratory facilities required for an accurate diagnosis, the incidence rate of HUS may be underestimated. In view of the healthcare economic burden of HUS, further analyses and supports are needed in the future.
Increased primary carnitine deficiency detection through second-tier newborn genetic screening
Authors: Lin Yiming , Zhang Weifeng , Huang Chenggang , Lin Chunmei , Lin Weihua , Peng Weilin , Fu Qingliu , Chen Dongmei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Newborn screening for (NBS) for primary carnitine deficiency (PCD) is widely implemented worldwide, however, with poor sensitivity. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of improving the screening using second-tier genetic assay.
Methods
An Agena iPLEX assay was developed to identify 17 SLC22A5 mutations in the Chinese populations, then this assay was applied in NBS for second-tier mutation screening of newborns with low free carnitine (C0) levels.
Results
The Agena iPLEX assay was successfully established and performed in second-tier genetic screening. A total of316 (0.15%) residual NBS-positive specimens were subjected to second-tier genetic screening. Twenty screen-positive newborns harbored biallelic mutations in SLC22A5 gene, 99 screen-carriers with one mutation, and 197 screen-negative newborns with no mutation identified. Among 99 carriers, four newborns were found with a second disease-causing SLC22A5mutation by further genetic analysis. Four newborns were found with persistently low C0 levels among 197 screen-negatives, further genetic analysis revealed that one newborn with two novel SLC22A5 pathogenic variants. In total, 25 newborns were diagnosed with PCD, for a positive predictive value of 7.91% (25/316). The incidence of PCD in Quanzhou was estimated at 1:8191.
Conclusion
Data from this study revealed that 24% (6/25) of PCD cases would have been missed by conventional NBS. The high throughput iPLEX assay is a powerful tool for PCD genotyping. The incorporation of second-tier genetic screening into NBS program could increase PCD detection, however, further studies are needed to optimize the workflow of new screening algorithm.
Novel method of transpulmonary pressure measurement with an air-filled esophageal catheter
Authors: Massion Paul B , Berg J , Samalea N , Parzibut G , Lambermont B , Ledoux D , Massion Pierre P 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background

There is a strong rationale for proposing transpulmonary pressure-guided protective ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The reference esophageal balloon catheter method requires complex in vivo calibration and dedicated ventilator with auxiliary pressure port. A simple, inexpensive, accurate and reproducible method of measuring esophageal pressure would greatly facilitate the measure of transpulmonary pressure to individualize protective ventilation in the intensive care unit.
Results

We propose an air-filled esophageal catheter method without balloon, using disposable catheter and transducer that allows reproducible esophageal pressure measurements, and that does not require any specific ventilator equipment. We use a 49 cm-long thin low compliance polyvinyl 10 Fr suction catheter, positioned in the lower third of the esophagus and connected to an air-filled disposable blood pressure transducer bound to the monitor. To guarantee air transmission, the transducer is pressurized by an air-filled infusion bag allowing its integrated flush device to deliver continuous air flow and to obtain a stable esophageal waveform. Calibration requires simple zeroing the transducer open to atmospheric pressure. Esophageal pressures recorded on the monitoring are expressed in mmHg and need to be converted in cmH2O. We tested our novel method in 10 consecutive intubated patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We calculated the target transpulmonary pressures for protective lung and diaphragm ventilation, both in passive and spontaneously breathing conditions. Esophageal to airway pressure change ratio was close to one in both conditions (median [P25;P75] = 0.94 [0.92;1.00] and 0.98 [0.96;1.01]). We adjusted ventilator settings towards recommended pressure targets to limit atelectrauma, barotrauma, inspiratory effort and lung stress, by modifying positive end-expiratory pressure, tidal volume, or inspiratory pressure accordingly.
Conclusions

We propose a simple, inexpensive and reproducible method for esophageal pressure monitoring with an air-filled esophageal catheter without balloon. It holds the promise of widespread bedside use of transpulmonary pressure-guided protective ventilation in patients with ARDS.