bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry lipidomics analysis of macaque heart tissue flash‐frozen or embedded in optimal cutting temperature polymer (OCT): Practical considerations
Authors: Vaswani Ashish , Alcazar Magana Armando , Zimmermann Eric , Hasan Wohaib , Raman Jaishankar , Maier Claudia S. 
Published: June 2021

RationaleBiobanks of patient tissues have emerged as essential resources in biomedical research. Optimal cutting temperature compound (OCT) blends have shown to provide stability to the embedded tissue and are compatible with spectroscopic methods, such as infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy. Data derived from omics‐methods are only useful if tissue damage caused by storage in OCT blends is minimal and well understood. In this context, we investigated the suitability of OCT storage for heart tissue destined for liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) lipidomic studies.MethodsTo determine the compatibility of OCT storage with LC/MS/MS lipidomics studies. The lipid profiles of macaque heart tissue snap‐frozen in liquid nitrogen or stored in an OCT blend were evaluated.ResultsWe have evaluated a lipid extraction protocol suitable for OCT‐embedded tissue that is compatible with LC/MS/MS. We annotated and evaluated the profiles of 306 lipid species from tissues stored in OCT or liquid nitrogen. For most of the lipid species (95.4%), the profiles were independent of the storage conditions. However, 4.6% of the lipid species; mainly plasmalogens, were affected by the storage method.ConclusionsThis study shows that OCT storage is compatible with LC–MS/MS lipidomics of heart tissue, facilitating the use of biobanked tissue samples for future studies.
Rational design of allosteric modulators: Challenges and successes
Authors: Chatzigoulas Alexios , Cournia Zoe 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecent advances in structural biology and computational techniques have revealed allosteric mechanisms for an abundance of targets leading to the establishment of rational design of allosteric modulators as a new avenue for drug discovery. Considering that allostery is an intrinsic property of the protein conformational ensemble, allosteric drug design has the potential to develop into an innovative approach to modulate the dysregulation of therapeutic targets that are considered to be undruggable at their orthosteric site, explore strategic design opportunities to tackle new chemical space, or develop mutant‐specific therapies to target mutations occurring far from the enzyme active site. Traditionally, allosteric drug discovery has been performed through high‐throughput screening or through serendipitous discoveries; however, recent developments in structure‐based and ligand‐based methods have led to exciting advancements of designing bioactive allosteric ligands rationally. In this review article, we highlight the advantages and disadvantages of allosteric modulators and present structure‐based and ligand‐based drug design methodologies for the identification of allosteric binding sites and allosteric modulators. We also illustrate representative studies for the design allosteric modulators for proteins belonging to a wide range of protein families, also considering irreversible binding with covalent allosteric modulators. Additionally, we analyze challenges and successes in the rational design of allosteric inhibitors and activators. Finally, we present the future of rational allosteric ligand design with newly built computational tools that we expect to be applied in future studies, concluding to theoretical and practical guidelines for allosteric ligand design strategies and identify knowledge gaps that need to be addressed to improve efficiency in allosteric drug design.This article is categorized under:
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics
Structure and Mechanism > Molecular Structures
Gauging the higher-spin-like symmetries by the Moyal product
Authors: Cvitan M. , Dominis Prester P. , Giaccari S. , Paulišić M. , Vuković I. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We analyze a novel approach to gauging rigid higher derivative (higher spin) symmetries of free relativistic actions defined on flat spacetime, building on the formalism originally developed by Bonora et al. and Bekaert et al. in their studies of linear coupling of matter fields to an infinite tower of higher spin fields. The off-shell definition is based on fields defined on a 2d-dimensional master space equipped with a symplectic structure, where the infinite dimensional Lie algebra of gauge transformations is given by the Moyal commutator. Using this algebra we construct well-defined weakly non-local actions, both in the gauge and the matter sector, by mimicking the Yang-Mills procedure. The theory allows for a description in terms of an infinite tower of higher spin spacetime fields only on-shell. Interestingly, Euclidean theory allows for such a description also off-shell. Owing to its formal similarity to non-commutative field theories, the formalism allows for the introduction of a covariant potential which plays the role of the generalised vielbein. This covariant formulation uncovers the existence of other phases and shows that the theory can be written in a matrix model form. The symmetries of the theory are analyzed and conserved currents are explicitly constructed. By studying the spin-2 sector we show that the emergent geometry is closely related to teleparallel geometry, in the sense that the induced linear connection is opposite to Weitzenböck’s.
Free boundary problem for the role of planktonic cells in biofilm formation and development
Authors: D’Acunto B. , Frunzo L. , Luongo V. , Mattei M. R. , Tenore A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe dynamics of biofilm lifecycle are deeply influenced by the surrounding environment and the interactions between sessile and planktonic phenotypes. Bacterial biofilms typically develop in three distinct stages: attachment of cells to a surface, growth of cells into colonies, and detachment of cells from the colony into the surrounding medium. The attachment of planktonic cells from the surrounding environment plays a prominent role in the initial phase of biofilm lifecycle as it initiates the colony formation. During the maturation stage, biofilms harbor numerous microenvironments which lead to metabolic heterogeneity. Such microniches provide conditions suitable for the growth of new species, which are present in the bulk liquid as planktonic cells and can penetrate the porous biofilm matrix. We present a 1D continuum model on the interaction of sessile and planktonic phenotypes in biofilm lifestyle. Such a model is able to reproduce the key role of planktonic cells in the formation and development of biofilms by considering the initial attachment and colonization phenomena. The model is formulated as a hyperbolic–elliptic free boundary value problem with vanishing initial value which considers the concentrations of planktonic and sessile cells as state variables. Hyperbolic equations reproduce the transport and growth of sessile species, while elliptic equations model the diffusion and conversion of planktonic cells and dissolved substrates. The attachment is modeled as a continuous, deterministic process which depends on the concentrations of the attaching species. The growth of new species is modeled through a reaction term in the hyperbolic equations which depends on the concentration of planktonic species within the biofilm. Existence and uniqueness of solutions are discussed and proved for the attachment regime. Finally, some numerical examples show that the proposed model correctly reproduces the growth of new species within the biofilm and overcomes the ecological restrictions characterizing the Wanner–Gujer-type models.
Initiated and received task interdependence and distributed team performance: the mediating roles of different forms of role clarity
Authors: Wong Sut I , van Gils Suzanne 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDistributed agile teams are increasingly employed in organizations, partly due to the increased focus on digital transformation. However, research findings about the performance of such teams appear to be inconsistent, calling for more research to investigate the conditions under which distributed agile teams may thrive. Given that task coordination is particularly challenging when team members are not co-located, the present study investigates the roles of the two types of task interdependence, i.e., initiated versus received task interdependence. Survey results from 191 participants working in distributed agile teams within three companies in Norway confirm our hypotheses. Specifically, we show that high initiated task interdependence is associated with higher role clarity of others, while received task interdependence is associated with higher role clarity of self, and that both subsequently result in higher team performance in distributed agile teams. Thus, we argue that each type of task interdependence contributes in a unique way to team performance in distributed agile teams.
Regimes reloaded! A reappraisal of Schumpeterian patterns of innovation, 1977–2011
Authors: Fontana Roberto , Martinelli Arianna , Nuvolari Alessandro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOne of the most significant results of the empirical literature on innovation studies of the 1980s and 1990s was that innovation patterns were characterized by important inter-sectoral differences. This finding prompted a lively research agenda that: i) provided empirical characterizations of sectoral patterns of innovation by means of taxonomic exercises; ii) sought to interpret sectoral patterns of innovation as emerging properties of underlying selection and learning processes reflecting the structural properties of technical change at sectoral level (“technological regimes”). In this paper, we reconsider one of the landmark works on technological regimes (e.g., Breschi et al. 2000), reassess its findings, and perform a quasi-replication of their its exercise. Our conclusion is that the proposed distinction between Schumpeterian patterns of innovation (Mark I vs. Mark II) and their interpretation in terms of technological regimes has still the promise of yielding important insights concerning on the connection between inventive activities and industrial dynamics.
Applications of analytic newvectors for $$\mathrm {GL}(n)$$
Authors: Jana Subhajit 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe provide a few natural applications of the analytic newvectors, initiated in Jana and Nelson (Analytic newvectors for $$\text {GL}_n(\mathbb {R})$$

GL
n

(
R
)

, arXiv:1911.01880 [math.NT], 2019), to some analytic questions in automorphic forms for $$\mathrm {PGL}_n(\mathbb {Z})$$

PGL
n

(
Z
)

with $$n\ge 2$$

n
≥
2

, in the archimedean analytic conductor aspect. We prove an orthogonality result of the Fourier coefficients, a density estimate of the non-tempered forms, an equidistribution result of the Satake parameters with respect to the Sato–Tate measure, and a second moment estimate of the central L-values as strong as Lindelöf on average. We also prove the random matrix prediction about the distribution of the low-lying zeros of automorphic L-function in the analytic conductor aspect. The new ideas of the proofs include the use of analytic newvectors to construct an approximate projector on the automorphic spectrum with bounded conductors and a soft local (both at finite and infinite places) analysis of the geometric side of the Kuznetsov trace formula.
The PI3Kδ inhibitor idelalisib impairs the function of human dendritic cells
Authors: Braun Christiane , Schlaweck Sebastian , Daecke Solveig Nora , Brossart Peter , Heine Annkristin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe PI3Kδ-inhibitor Idelalisib is approved for the treatment of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. However, its use has been decreased within the last years due to deleterious infections such as cytomegalovirus and pneumocystis jirovecii. Here, we have investigated the effect of Idelalisib on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) as important players in the induction of immune responses. We found that Idelalisib-treated DCs displayed impaired T cell stimulatory function. PI3Kδ inhibition during differentiation resulted in decreased Interleukin-12, Interleukin-13 and TNFα production by DCs after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Moreover, DCs showed decreased expression of the activation marker CD83 after Idelalisib treatment. Further, in line with this was the failure of Idelalisib-treated DCs to properly induce allogeneic T cells in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, activation of the NFκB pathway was also ablated in Idelalisib-treated DCs. Our results implicate that severe infectious complications may not only result from direct PI3Kδ-inhibition in T cells, but also from impaired DC function in Idelalisib-treated patients. Here, we provide new insight into the pathogenesis of Idelalisib-associated infectious complications. Our study may further provide a rationale for the use of Idelalisib as a novel therapeutic option in inflammatory diseases.
Routine chest X-rays after pigtail chest tube removal rarely change management in children
Authors: Theodorou Christina M. , Hegazi Mennatalla S. , Moore Hope Nicole , Beres Alana L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The need for chest X-rays (CXR) following large-bore chest tube removal has been questioned; however, the utility of CXRs following removal of small-bore pigtail chest tubes is unknown. We hypothesized that CXRs obtained following removal of pigtail chest tubes would not change management.

Methods
Patients < 18 years old with pigtail chest tubes placed 2014–2019 at a tertiary children’s hospital were reviewed. Exclusion criteria were age < 1 month, death or transfer with a chest tube in place, or pigtail chest tube replacement by large-bore chest tube. The primary outcome was chest tube reinsertion.

Results
111 patients underwent 123 pigtail chest tube insertions; 12 patients had bilateral chest tubes. The median age was 5.8 years old. Indications were pneumothorax (n = 53), pleural effusion (n = 54), chylothorax (n = 6), empyema (n = 5), and hemothorax (n = 3). Post-pull CXRs were obtained in 121/123 cases (98.4%). The two children without post-pull CXRs did not require chest tube reinsertion. Two patients required chest tube reinsertion (1.6%), both for re-accumulation of their chylothorax.

Conclusions
Post-pull chest X-rays are done nearly universally following pigtail chest tube removal but rarely change management. Providers should obtain post-pull imaging based on symptoms and underlying diagnosis, with higher suspicion for recurrence in children with chylothorax.
Das Potenzial von Instant Messaging für soziale Beziehungen von Menschen 65+
Authors: Pauli Cora , Braunwalder Rhea , Hämmerle Veronika , Reiner Julia , Misoch Sabina 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung
Aktuelle Daten aus der Schweiz zeigen, dass zunehmend auch ältere Personen (65+) Instant-Messaging-Dienste nutzen. Am Beispiel von WhatsApp soll untersucht werden, ob und wie sich die Nutzung von WhatsApp auf unterschiedliche Formen des sozialen Kapitals älterer Menschen auswirkt, und ob die sozioemotionale Selektivitätstheorie auch im digitalen Raum angewendet werden kann.

Untersuchungsmethoden
Es wurde eine qualitative Studie mit 30 WhatsApp-Nutzer(innen) der Altersgruppe 65+ durchgeführt. Die Befragung fußte auf der Erstellung von egozentrierten Netzwerkkarten und der Durchführung von Interviews anhand eines semistrukturierten Leitfadens.

Ergebnisse
WhatsApp wird v. a. für die Kommunikation mit nahestehenden Personen genutzt. Die Nutzung von WhatsApp vereinfacht die Beziehungspflege, erhöht die Kontakthäufigkeit und kann zur Intensivierung von Beziehungen führen. Die Nutzung von WhatsApp kann zudem das Zugehörigkeitsgefühl zu Gruppen stärken. Das Medium wird als sehr niederschwellig beschrieben und erlaubt Spontaneität.

Diskussion
Die sozioemotionale Selektivitätstheorie ist auch im digitalen Raum anwendbar. Via WhatsApp wurden tendenziell positive Inhalte mit emotional bedeutsamen Personen des Netzwerks geteilt. Die Nutzung von WhatsApp erhöht sowohl das „bonding social capital“, da Beziehungen vertieft und verstärkt werden, als auch das „maintaining social capital“, da geografische Distanzen überbrückt werden können.
Impact of dietary supplementation with resistant dextrin (NUTRIOSE®) on satiety, glycaemia, and related endpoints, in healthy adults
Authors: Hobden Mark R. , Commane Daniel M. , Guérin-Deremaux Laetitia , Wils Daniel , Thabuis Clementine , Martin-Morales Agustin , Wolfram Saskia , Dìaz Antonio , Collins Sineaid , Morais Ines , Rowland Ian R. , Gibson Glenn R. , Kennedy Orla B. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Resistant dextrin (RD) supplementation has been shown to alter satiety, glycaemia, and body weight, in overweight Chinese men; however, there are limited data on its effects in other demographic groups. Here, we investigated the effects of RD on satiety in healthy adults living in the United Kingdom.

Methods
20 normal weight and 16 overweight adults completed this randomised controlled cross-over study. Either RD (14 g/day NUTRIOSE® FB06) or maltodextrin control was consumed in mid-morning and mid-afternoon preload beverages over a 28-day treatment period with crossover after a 28-day washout. During 10-h study visits (on days 1, 14, and 28 of each treatment period), satietogenic, glycaemic and anorectic hormonal responses to provided meals were assessed.

Results
Chronic supplementation with RD was associated with higher fasted satiety scores at day 14 (P = 0.006) and day 28 (P = 0.040), compared to control. RD also increased satiety after the mid-morning intervention drink, but it was associated with a reduction in post-meal satiety following both the lunch and evening meals (P < 0.01). The glycaemic response to the mid-morning intervention drink (0–30 min) was attenuated following RD supplementation (P < 0.01). Whilst not a primary endpoint we also observed lower systolic blood pressure at day 14 (P = 0.035) and 28 (P = 0.030), compared to day 1, following RD supplementation in the normal weight group. Energy intake and anthropometrics were unaffected.

Conclusions
RD supplementation modified satiety and glycaemic responses in this cohort, further studies are required to determine longer-term effects on body weight control and metabolic markers.

Clinicaltrials.gov registration
NCT02041975 (22/01/2014)
Exercise-induced peptide TAG-23 protects cardiomyocytes from reperfusion injury through regulating PKG–cCbl interaction
Authors: Cheng Zijie , Zhang Hao , Zhang Li , Wang Xuejun , Zhang Qijun , Feng Mengwen , Hu Deliang , Li Hua , Qian Lingmei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecent studies have revealed that proper exercise can reduce the risk of chronic disease and is beneficial to the body. Peptides have been shown to play an important role in various pathological processes, including cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known about the role of exercise-induced peptides in cardiovascular disease. We aimed to explore the function and mechanism of TAG-23 peptide in reperfusion injury and oxidative stress. Treatment with TAG-23 peptide significantly improved cell viability, the mitochondrial membrane potential, and ROS levels and reduced LDH release, the apoptosis rate and caspase 3 activation in vitro. In vivo, TAG-23 ameliorated MI and heart failure induced by I/R or DOX treatment. Pull-down assays showed that TAG-23 can bind to PKG . The TAG-23-PKG complex inhibited PKG degradation through the UPS. We also identified cCbl as the E3 ligase of PKG and found that the interaction between these proteins was impaired by TAG-23 treatment. In addition, we provided evidence that TAG-23 mediated Lys48-linked polyubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Our results reveal that a novel exercise-induced peptide, TAG-23, can inhibit PKG degradation by serving as a competitive binding peptide to attenuate the formation of the PKG–cCbl complex. Treatment with TAG-23 may be a new therapeutic approach for reperfusion injury.
Complement-associated loss of CA2 inhibitory synapses in the demyelinated hippocampus impairs memory
Authors: Ramaglia Valeria , Dubey Mohit , Malpede M. Alfonso , Petersen Naomi , de Vries Sharon I. , Ahmed Shanzeh M. , Lee Dennis S. W. , Schenk Geert J. , Gold Stefan M. , Huitinga Inge , Gommerman Jennifer L. , Geurts Jeroen J. G. , Kole Maarten H. P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe complement system is implicated in synapse loss in the MS hippocampus, but the functional consequences of synapse loss remain poorly understood. Here, in post-mortem MS hippocampi with demyelination we find that deposits of the complement component C1q are enriched in the CA2 subfield, are linked to loss of inhibitory synapses and are significantly higher in MS patients with cognitive impairments compared to those with preserved cognitive functions. Using the cuprizone mouse model of demyelination, we corroborated that C1q deposits are highest within the demyelinated dorsal hippocampal CA2 pyramidal layer and co-localized with inhibitory synapses engulfed by microglia/macrophages. In agreement with the loss of inhibitory perisomatic synapses, we found that Schaffer collateral feedforward inhibition but not excitation was impaired in CA2 pyramidal neurons and accompanied by intrinsic changes and a reduced spike output. Finally, consistent with excitability deficits, we show that cuprizone-treated mice exhibit impaired encoding of social memories. Together, our findings identify CA2 as a critical circuit in demyelinated intrahippocampal lesions and memory dysfunctions in MS.
Self-other distinction modulates the social softness illusion
Authors: Pyasik Maria , Fortunato Elisabetta , Dal Monte Olga , Schintu Selene , Garbarini Francesca , Ciorli Tommaso , Pia Lorenzo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe social softness illusion (i.e., the tendency to perceive another person's skin as softer than our own) is thought to promote the sharing of social-emotional experiences because of the rewarding properties of receiving and giving social affective touch. Here we investigated whether the ability to distinguish someone else’s body from our own modulates the social softness illusion. In particular, we tested whether the spatial perspective taken by the participants and seeing or not the touched arms could alter this illusion. Pairs of female participants were assigned the roles of either the giver (i.e., delivering the touches) or the receiver (i.e., being touched). We manipulated the location of the touch (palm or forearm), the spatial perspective of the receiver’s body with respect to the giver’s body (egocentric or allocentric perspective), and the vision of the touched body part (the giver could either see both her own and the receiver’s body part, or she was blindfolded). Consistently with previous findings, the skin of another person was perceived as softer than the own one. Additionally, the illusion was present for both the forearm and the palm, and it was stronger in allocentric compared to the egocentric perspective (i.e., when the self-other distinction was clearer). These findings show that the mechanisms underpinning the ability to represent another person’s body as distinct from our own modulates the social softness illusion, and thus support the role of the social softness illusion in fostering social relationships.