bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coombs‐negative hemolytic anemia in a male with COVID‐19
Authors: Bae Ju Young , Jeon June Evelyn , Hussein Khalil Ian , Lee Merlin Sung 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis case illustrates the need to consider SARS‐CoV‐2 infection as a catalyst for Coombs‐negative hemolytic anemia as well as the potential for IVIG to serve as an effective treatment for the condition.
3D reconstruction based on photoelastic fringes
Authors: Tao Bo , Liu Yao , Huang Licheng , Chen Guanjun , Chen Baojia 
Published: July 2021

SummaryA three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction method of structured light based on photoelastic fringes was proposed in this research. The photoelastic fringes are produced by both simulation and a polycarbonate disk under diametric compression load. Six fringes are projected onto an object by using the six‐step phase shifting technique. Therefore, the isochromatic phase image is calculated. After phase unwrapping, the isochromatic phase image can be used for 3D reconstruction. In order to verify the effectiveness of this method, two experiment devices were built by using projector and photoelastic instrument, respectively. The results show that the fringe pattern based on photoelasticity can be used for 3D reconstruction as a structured light pattern. Compared to the simulation results, the fringes produced by load are more blurred. In order to obtain a better reconstruction result, a large load should be applied to produce dense fringes.
Improving Water Quality Impacts from Agriculture
Authors: Coronel Eric , Young Kelly 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article is brought to you by the SPARC Initiative created in partnership between the American Society for Agronomy, the Agricultural Retailers Association, Environmental Defense Fund, and Field to Market: The Alliance for Sustainable Agriculture to empower trusted advisers to deliver services that drive continuous improvement in the productivity, profitability, and environmental outcomes of farmers’ operations. Learn more about the SPARC Initiative and access additional resources, including the six‐module series on sustainability at https://www.fieldtomarket.org/SPARC. Earn 1 CEU in Sustainability by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/1002.
Regenerative Agriculture: What Every CCA Needs to Know
Authors: Green Thomas , van den Brink Rozemarijn , Talbert Josie , Sarode Shruti 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRegenerative agriculture is more than a buzzword. A growing number of food and fiber companies have regenerative ag initiatives underway, and CCAs should be prepared to answer questions from clients and others about regenerative ag and have a plan for accessing expertise, pursuing professional development, and minimizing client risk if called on to help a client implement such systems. The business models of CCAs and their employers may need to be adjusted to ensure healthy revenue from expertise and services to replace reduced input sales revenue. This is the final article in the three‐part series in Crops & Soils magazine. It is part of an American Society of Agronomy training series sponsored by the Kellogg Company. Earn 1 CEU in Integrated Pest Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/998.
An efficient on‐demand charging scheduling scheme for mobile charging vehicle
Authors: Zhong Ping , Xu Aikun , Gao Jianliang , Zhang Yiming , Chen Yingwen 
Published: July 2021

SummaryShared transportation is a new way of traveling generated by the rapid development of the “Internet +” and the sharing economy. Due to the limited energy carried by shared e‐bikes, the energy problem becomes the primary obstacle restricting its development. At present, one way to solve the energy problem is to use mobile charging vehicles (MCVs). However, how to schedule MCVs to achieve fast response, reduce energy consumption, and improve charging efficiency is crucial. In this paper, we propose a Charging Scheduling scheme based on Dynamic Characteristic of shared e‐bike in Obstacle Space (CSDC‐OS). Firstly, we design two MCV departure mechanisms to solve the problems of low utilization of MCVs and long waiting time for shared e‐bikes. Then, we design the schedulability conditions based on the A‐star algorithm and the dynamic change of e‐bikes to ensure that MCVs can return to the service station in time. Finally, we propose a charging sequence algorithm based on linear skyline query and a selective insertion algorithm to improve the charging efficiency of MCVs. Simulation results show that the CSDC‐OS can improve the response time, mobile consumption, and charging efficiency by more than 8% on average.
Chordacentrum mineralization is delayed in zebrafish betaglycan‐null mutants
Authors: Molina‐Villa Tonatiuh , Ramírez‐Vidal Lizbeth , Mendoza Valentín , Escalante‐Alcalde Diana , López‐Casillas Fernando 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ) family is a group of related proteins that signal through a type I and type II receptors. Betaglycan, also known as the type III receptor (Tgfbr3), is a coreceptor for various ligands of the TGFβ family that participates in heart, liver and kidney development as revealed by the tgfbr3‐null mouse, as well as in angiogenesis as revealed by Tgfbr3 downregulation in morphant zebrafish.ResultsHere, we present CRISPR/Cas9‐derived zebrafish Tgfbr3‐null mutants, which exhibited unaltered embryonic angiogenesis and developed into fertile adults. One reproducible phenotype displayed by these Tgfbr3‐null mutants is delayed chordacentra mineralization, which nonetheless does not result in vertebral abnormalities in the adult fishes. We also report that the canonical TGFβ signaling pathway is needed for proper chordacentra mineralization and that Tgfbr3 absence decreases this signal in the notochordal cells responsible for this process.ConclusionBetaglycan's “ligand presentation” function contributes to the optimal TGFβ signaling required for zebrafish chordacentra mineralization.
Demographic history shapes genomic ancestry in hybrid zones
Authors: Frayer Megan E. , Payseur Bret A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDemographic factors such as migration rate and population size can impede or facilitate speciation. In hybrid zones, reproductive boundaries between species are tested and demography mediates the opportunity for admixture between lineages that are partially isolated. Genomic ancestry is a powerful tool for revealing the history of admixed populations, but models and methods based on local ancestry are rarely applied to structured hybrid zones. To understand the effects of demography on ancestry in hybrids zones, we performed individual‐based simulations under a stepping‐stone model, treating migration rate, deme size, and hybrid zone age as parameters. We find that the number of ancestry junctions (the transition points between genomic regions with different ancestries) and heterogenicity (the genomic proportion heterozygous for ancestry) are often closely connected to demographic history. Reducing deme size reduces junction number and heterogenicity. Elevating migration rate increases heterogenicity, but migration affects junction number in more complex ways. We highlight the junction frequency spectrum as a novel and informative summary of ancestry that responds to demographic history. A substantial proportion of junctions are expected to fix when migration is limited or deme size is small, changing the shape of the spectrum. Our findings suggest that genomic patterns of ancestry could be used to infer demographic history in hybrid zones.
Dominance determines fish community biomass in a temperate seagrass ecosystem
Authors: Eger Aaron M. , Best Rebecca J. , Baum Julia K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBiodiversity and ecosystem function are often correlated, but there are multiple hypotheses about the mechanisms underlying this relationship. Ecosystem functions such as primary or secondary production may be maximized by species richness, evenness in species abundances, or the presence or dominance of species with certain traits. Here, we combine surveys of natural fish communities (conducted in July and August 2016) with morphological trait data to examine relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem function (quantified as fish community biomass) across 14 subtidal eelgrass meadows in the Northeast Pacific (54°N, 130°W). We employ both taxonomic and functional trait measures of diversity to investigate whether ecosystem function is best predicted by species diversity (complementarity hypothesis) or by the presence or dominance of species with particular trait values (selection or dominance hypotheses). After controlling for environmental variation, we find that fish community biomass is maximized when taxonomic richness and functional evenness are low, and in communities dominated by species with particular trait values, specifically those associated with benthic habitats and prey capture. While previous work on fish communities has found that species richness is often positively correlated with ecosystem function, our results instead highlight the capacity for regionally prevalent and locally dominant species to drive ecosystem function in moderately diverse communities. We discuss these alternate links between community composition and ecosystem function and consider their divergent implications for ecosystem valuation and conservation prioritization.
Conservation planning for pollinators in the U.S. Great Plains: considerations of context, treatments, and scale
Authors: Niemuth Neal D. , Wangler Brian , LeBrun Jaymi J. , Dewald David , Larson Scott , Schwagler Todd , Bradbury Curtis W. , Pritchert Ronald D. , Iovanna Rich 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPopulations of many species of grassland‐associated butterflies, moths, and bumblebees in the Great Plains of North America are experiencing steep declines due to habitat loss and degradation—primarily conversion of grasslands to row‐crop agriculture and invasion of woody plants and exotic cool‐season grasses—and insecticide use. These declines are exacerbated by the generally limited dispersal ability of insects, which make local populations susceptible to extirpation following habitat fragmentation. Interest in pollinator conservation has grown substantially in recent years, but information to guide pollinator conservation across the region is limited. We used pollinator biology along with principles of landscape ecology and metapopulation dynamics to develop a simple decision matrix based on patch size and inter‐patch distances to guide landscape‐scale grassland conservation efforts in the U.S. northern Great Plains. When applied to spatial land cover data depicting potential pollinator habitat, the matrix uses landscape characteristics to guide placement of conservation treatments to help ensure persistence of target pollinator populations. Patch size and connectivity thresholds can be set to match characteristics of target species, but in all cases, local management will be necessary to ensure that fine‐grained features such as nectar sources and host plants are present. Applying the matrix to habitat layers for a nine‐state analysis region showed substantial geographic variation in conservation needs, opportunities, and potential treatments. We also demonstrate that non‐native planted cover such as alfalfa and certain grasslands enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program can substantially enhance landscape structure by increasing grassland patch size and core area while decreasing distance between patches. Pollinators dependent on native prairie will also benefit from planted cover that provides nectar sources and serves as a buffer from pesticides associated with croplands. Consistent with the principles of strategic habitat conservation, targeted monitoring and research will be necessary to validate and adapt the model to meet local conditions.
Evidence‐based conservation in a changing world: lessons from waterbird individual‐based models
Authors: Brown Sally , Stillman Richard A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDrivers of environmental change are causing novel combinations of pressures on ecological systems. Prediction in ecology often uses understanding of past conditions to make predictions to the future, but such an approach can breakdown when future conditions have not previously been encountered. Individual‐based models (IBMs) consider ecological systems as arising from the adaptive behavior and fates of individuals and have potential to provide more reliable predictions. To demonstrate potential, we review a lineage of related IBMs addressing the effects of environmental change on waterbirds, comprising 53 case studies of 28 species in 32 sites in 9 countries, using the Drivers‐Pressures‐State‐Impact‐Response (DPSIR) environmental management framework. Each case study comprises the predictions of an IBM on the effects of one or more drivers of environmental change on one or more bird species. Drivers exert a pressure on the environment which is represented in the IBMs as changes in either area or time available for feeding, the quality of habitat, or the energetic cost of living within an environment. Birds in the IBMs adapt to increased pressure by altering their behavioral state, defined as their location, diet, and the proportion of time spent feeding. If the birds are not able to compensate behaviorally, they suffer a physiological impact, determined by a decrease in body energy reserves, increased mortality, or decreased ability to migrate. Each case study assesses the impact of alternative drivers and potential ways to mitigate impacts to advise appropriate conservation management responses. We overview the lessons learned from the case studies and highlight the opportunities of using IBMs to inform conservation management for other species. Key findings indicate that understanding the behavioral and physiological processes that determine whether or not birds survive following a change in their environment is vital, so that mitigation measures can be better targeted. This is especially important where multiple hazards exist so that sensitivities and worse‐case scenarios can be better understood. Increasing the involvement of stakeholders to help inform and shape model development is encouraged and can lead to better representation of the modeled system and wider understanding and support for the final model.
Cetacean conservation planning in a global diversity hotspot: dealing with uncertainty and data deficiencies
Authors: Stephenson Fabrice , Hewitt Judi E. , Torres Leigh G. , Mouton Théophile L. , Brough Tom , Goetz Kimberly T. , Lundquist Carolyn J. , MacDiarmid Alison B. , Ellis Joanne , Constantine Rochelle 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMany cetacean species are at risk from anthropogenic disturbances including climate change, pollution, and habitat degradation. Identifying cetacean hotspots for conservation management is therefore required. Aotearoa–New Zealand waters are used by 53% of the world’s cetacean species and are a global cetacean diversity hotspot. Using geographic predictions of cetacean taxa, we aimed to identify important areas within New Zealand waters using two methods: estimates of cetacean richness and a spatial prioritization analysis. For both methods, we investigated how varying levels of uncertainty in predictions of the taxa’ occurrence layers would affect our interpretation of cetacean hotspots. Despite some marked spatial differences in distribution of important areas for cetacean diversity, both methods, across all uncertainty scenarios, highlighted six distinct deep offshore regions as important habitat. Generally, inshore areas had lower richness estimates than offshore areas, but these remain important for conservation for species with limited ranges (e.g., the endemic Māui and Hector’s dolphins), and in some places had similar richness values to offshore hotspots. Furthermore, inshore hotspots had lower uncertainty in predicted taxa distribution and richness estimates. The use of two different uncertainty estimates allows the integration of distributional information from differing sources (different modeling methods with varying numbers of cetacean records) to be integrated in a robust and conservative way. Identification of cetacean hotspots with varying levels of uncertainty provides a robust and efficient step toward prioritizing areas for conservation management in a participatory process.
Innovations to expand drone data collection and analysis for rangeland monitoring
Authors: Gillan Jeffrey K. , Ponce‐Campos Guillermo E. , Swetnam Tyson L. , Gorlier Alessandra , Heilman Philip , McClaran Mitchel P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn adaptive management of rangelands, monitoring is the vital link that connects management actions with on‐the‐ground changes. Traditional field monitoring methods can provide detailed information for assessing the health of rangelands, but cost often limits monitoring locations to a few key areas or random plots. Remotely sensed imagery, and drone‐based imagery in particular, can observe larger areas than field methods while retaining high enough spatial resolution to estimate many rangeland indicators of interest. However, the geographic extent of drone imagery products is often limited to a few hectares (for resolution ≤1 cm) due to image collection and processing constraints. Overcoming these limitations would allow for more extensive observations and more frequent monitoring. We developed a workflow to increase the extent and speed of acquiring, processing, and analyzing drone imagery for repeated monitoring of two common indicators of interest to rangeland managers: vegetation cover and vegetation heights. By incorporating a suite of existing technologies in drones (real‐time kinematic GPS), data processing (automation with Python scripts, high performance computing), and cloud‐based analysis (Google Earth Engine), we greatly increased the efficiency of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting high volumes of drone imagery for rangeland monitoring. End‐to‐end, our workflow took 30 d, while a workflow without these innovations was estimated to require 141 d to complete. The technology around drones and image analysis is rapidly advancing which is making high volume workflows easier to implement. Larger quantities of monitoring data will significantly improve our understanding of the impact management actions have on land processes and ecosystem traits.
Comparing the performance of 12S mitochondrial primers for fish environmental DNA across ecosystems
Authors: Polanco F. Andrea , Richards Eilísh , Flück Benjamin , Valentini Alice , Altermatt Florian , Brosse Sébastien , Walser Jean‐Claude , Eme David , Marques Virginie , Manel Stéphanie , Albouy Camille , Dejean Tony , Pellissier Loïc 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThrough the development of environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding, in situ monitoring of organisms is becoming easier and promises a revolution in our approaches to detect changes in biodiversity over space and time. A cornerstone of eDNA approach is the development of primer pairs that allow amplifying the DNA of specific taxonomic groups, which is then used to link the DNA sequence to taxonomic identification. Here, we propose a framework for comparing primer pairs regarding (a) their capacity to bind and amplify a broad coverage of species within the target clade using in silico PCR, (b) their capacity to not only discriminate between species but also genera or families, and (c) their in situ specificity and efficiency across a variety of environments. As a case study, we focus on two mitochondrial 12S primer pairs, MiFish‐U and teleo, which were designed to amplify fishes. We found that the performance of in silico PCRs were high for both primer pairs, but teleo amplified more genera across Actinopterygii, Chondrichthyes, and Petromyzontomorphi than MiFish‐U. In contrast, the discriminatory power for species, genera, and families were higher for MiFish‐U than teleo, likely associated with the greater length of the amplified DNA fragments. The evaluation of their in situ efficiency showed a higher recovered species richness of teleo compared to MiFish‐U in tropical and temperate freshwater environments, but that generally both teleo and MiFish‐U primers pairs perform well to monitor fish species. Since more species were detected when used together, those primer pairs are best used in combination to increase the ability of species detection.
Seismic response evaluation of a five‐story buckling‐restrained braced frame using multi‐element pseudo‐dynamic hybrid simulations
Authors: Mojiri Saeid , Mortazavi Pedram , Kwon Oh‐Sung , Christopoulos Constantin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNonlinear time history analysis relies on accurate modeling of the critical structural components and their complex interaction with the structure. Previous research indicates that calibration of numerical models can be affected by several factors, including the loading protocols. It is, therefore, critical to study previously developed and calibrated numerical models under more realistic loading histories, and determine whether the calibration process, loading protocols, and the numerical model themselves are adequate for achieving the desired level of accuracy. High fidelity benchmark system‐level experimental‐based simulation results could allow for a more holistic assessment of such questions. The University of Toronto Ten Element Hybrid Simulation Platform (UT10) was developed to produce such benchmark test results using hybrid simulations with multiple experimental elements subjected to realistic earthquake loads. This paper presents the first such experiment in the UT10 with multi‐element and single‐element experimental hybrid simulations on a five‐story steel structure with buckling‐restrained braces, representative of systems with a stable yielding hysteretic response. An adjustable yielding brace system was developed to capture the response of buckling‐restrained braces’ yielding core. The implications of modeling choices, such as using commonly available models in BRBFs, are studied. The experimental results are then presented and compared with numerical results. The limitations of existing models are identified. Such experimental results can be used by subsequent studies to improve the calibration of numerical models and allow for the development of more robust models, while also justifying the need for new loading protocols that could be used in the calibration process.
Biodegradable carboxymethyl cellulose–polyvinyl alcohol composite incorporated with GlycyrrhizaGlabra L. essential oil: Physicochemical and antibacterial features
Authors: Bahrami Arash , Fattahi Reza 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGlycyrrhiza glabra L. root essential oil (GGEO) has well‐known antimicrobial and therapeutic features. In this study, a new antimicrobial carboxymethyl cellulose–polyvinyl alcohol (CMC‐PVA) binary film was developed using GGEO as an active compound. The effects of various concentrations of GGEO (0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75%) were scrutinized on the physicochemical and antibacterial properties of composites. It was discovered that GGEO significantly reduced the composite ultimate tensile strength from 17.01 to 3.86 MPa. Further, by increasing the concentration of GGEO to 0.75%, the water vapor permeability and moisture content increased to 13.61 × 10−9 g/m s−1 Pa−1 and 41.06%, respectively. The results indicated that the active films possessed good inhibitory effects against the gram‐positive bacteria (L. monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus) and were less powerful against gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and S. typhimurium). Finally, the results highlighted that GGEO can act as an excellent antimicrobial agent in combination with CMC‐PVA composite.