bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le bien de l’homme chez Spinoza : vers un existentialisme positif
Authors: Renz Ursula 
Published: January 2021

Comment la conception de l’homme impliquée dans les notions et principes métaphysiques de la première et de la deuxième partie de l’Éthique peut-elle être conciliée avec le rôle que l’orientation vers le bien de l’homme joue dans la pensée éthique et politique de Spinoza ? L’article suivant propose de dissoudre cette tension en attribuant à Spinoza une sorte d’existentialisme. Or, cet existentialisme n’est caractérisé ni par une réflexion sur la mortalité humaine, ni par l’invocation de la notion des possibilités humaines. En revanche, l’existentialisme spinoziste fait usage d’une notion tout à fait positive de la finitude humaine, et c’est de cette dernière idée que dérive la notion d’humanité. Cette lecture existentialiste du spinozisme exige que nous renoncions à toute interprétation de la doctrine du conatus dans des termes essentialistes. Mais elle ne conteste pas que la notion de conatus soit utilisée par Spinoza pour défendre son naturalisme. Contrairement aux approches existentialistes de Jean-Paul Sartre ou Martin Heidegger, l’existentialisme spinoziste ne s’oppose pas au naturalisme. L’article énonce finalement la double thèse que (1) le rationalisme spinoziste implique l’affirmation que l’homme peut accéder aux propriétés fondamentales de l’être, à savoir l’intelligibilité et la perfection de tout étant, et que (2) cela peut être éprouvé dans des expériences humaines affectives communes.
Incidence rate and time to serious adverse events among rifampicin resistant tuberculosis patients in Georgia treated with new and repurposed anti-tuberculosis drugs, 2016-2018
Authors: Buziashvili Mariana , Davtyan Hayk , Sereda Yuliia , Denisiuk Olga , Gozalov Ogtay , Lomtadze Nino , Hovhannesyan Arax 
Published: January 2021

Considering the complexity of second-line anti-tuberculosis (TB) treatment regimens, the management of drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) in Georgia remains a major challenge. Since the introduction of new and repurposed anti-TB medications, the implementation of active TB Drug Safety Monitoring (aDSM) was a critical program component to help establish safety and manage all treatment related Serious Adverse Events (SAEs). In our study, we aimed to describe the occurrence, characteristics and timing of SAE among patients with Rifampicin Resistant and Multi-Drug Resistant TB (RR/MDR-TB) receiving new and/or repurposed anti-TB medications (bedaquiline, delamanid, linezolid, clofazimine, imipenem) during the period of 2016-2018 in Georgia and identify predictors of SAE. The data were obtained from the medical charts, electronic database and standardized aDSM reports During 2016-2018 period in total 970 people with RR/MDR-TB were notified in Georgia and 388 of them received new and/or repurposed TB drugs as part of their treatment regimen and all were included into the study. The results showed a total of 73 SAEs registered among 49 (12.6%) patients receiving new and/or repurposed drugs. The overall SAE incidence rate per 100 person-months was 1.16. The severity of the majority of the SAEs (46.6%) was grade III and 21.9% were grade IV. The most common SAE reported was hepatotoxicity, with an incidence of 0.26 per 100 person-month (n=16, 21.9%) followed by cardiotoxicity with an incidence of 0.16 per 100 person-month (n=10, 13.7%). Median time to SAE occurrence was 183 days (IQR 84 – 334) after treatment initiation. Resistance profile was the only predictor associated with occurrence of a SAEs. There was increased hazard of SAEs among patients with XDR-TB (adjusted HR=2.18, 95% CI: 1.12-4.23). Our findings on SAEs among patients treated with new or repurposed anti-TB drugs are echoing the findings available in the literature. They highlight the need for close monitoring of patients and underlines the importance of the aDSM during the whole treatment. Safety profile of the medications and combinations used are yet to be established and larger datasets comprised of patients receiving same treatment regimens need to be utilized.
Performance of semi-quantitative lung ultrasound in the assessment of disease severity in interstitial lung disease
Authors: Kumar Ishan , Siddiqui Zeeshan , Verma Ashish , Chokhani Aarushi , Srivastava Govind Narayan , Shukla Ram C. 
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND:
Accurate staging of disease severity and its serial monitoring thus is central to the effective management protocols of interstitial lung disease (ILD).

PURPOSE:
The aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of semi-quantitative parameters of lung ultrasound (LUS) in patients of ILD as a means of staging disease severity.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
LUS of 47 patients of ILD and 20 age-matched controls was performed, and findings such as B-line distance, pleural thickening, subpleural changes, decreased lung sliding, and fragmented pleural lining were charted, and an LUS score was done using these parameters. Findings were compared with the Modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) dyspnea grade and spirometry parameters.

RESULTS:
The presence of B-lines and fragmented pleural lining were the most common findings observed in patients of ILD. Predicted forced vital capacity (FVC) and predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) showed a good correlation with all the LUS parameters. B-line distance was the most significant LUS parameter to predict the variability in predicted FEVI, FVC, and MMRC dyspnea score. LUS severity score also showed good negative correlation with predicted FEV1 (r = −0.674, P < 0.001) and predicted FVC (r = −0.65, P < 0.001). LUS severity score of 4 or more predicted MMRC dyspnea score of > 3 with 82% sensitivity and 70% specificity.

CONCLUSION:
Semi-quantitative LUS score and B-line distance can provide a simple but effective estimate of disease severity in ILD.
Comparison of typical and atypical computed tomography patterns regarding reversibility and fibrosis in pulmonary sarcoidosis
Authors: Susam Seher , Ucsular Fatma Demirci , Yalniz Enver , Cinkooglu Akin , Polat Gulru , Komurcuoglu Berna Eren , Anar Ceyda , Karadeniz Gulistan , Cirak Ali Kadri , Tellioglu Emel , Guldaval Filiz , Gayaf Mine , Aksel Nimet , Batum Ozgur , Alizoroglu Dursun , Bilaceroglu Semra 
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE:
This study aims to investigate whether there is a significant difference between typical and atypical parenchymal patterns in the development of fibrosis, which is the most crucial factor affecting morbidity in pulmonary sarcoidosis.

METHODS:
In our hospital, 145 cases with Siltzbach Types 2 and 3 sarcoidoses diagnosed by clinical, radiological, and histopathologic were retrospectively investigated. Perilymphatic nodules, accompanying mosaic attenuation, and interlobular septal thickening and central peribronchovascular bunch-like thickening on high-resolution computed tomography were assessed as typical. Solid nodules, galaxy finding, consolidation, ground-glass opacity, isolated mosaic attenuation, and interlobular septal thickening, and pleural fluid were accepted as atypical findings. Findings indicating fibrosis were fine and rough reticular opacity, traction bronchiectasis, volume loss, and cystic changes. For the analysis of variables, SPSS 25.0 program was used.

RESULTS:
Ten (16%) of the 61 cases with typical findings and 16 (19%) of the 84 with atypical findings developed fibrosis (P = 0.827). The mean age of cases with fibrosis was higher. With the cut-off of 50 years, sensitivity was 61.5%, and specificity was 68.9%. The highest fibrosis rate was in cases with ground glass pattern (n = 7/17), whereas higher reversibility rates were in those with miliary pattern (n = 9/12) and galaxy sign (n = 5/6).

CONCLUSION:
The incidence of fibrosis is higher in the atypical group with no significant difference. The incidence of fibrosis differs in each atypical pattern, being highest in ground-glass opacity and lowest in the miliary pattern.
Obstetric Outcome in Pregnancies Complicated with Fibroids
Authors: Posh Sheema , Rafiq Suhail , Nisa Quraishi Azhar Un , Wani Saima 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Fibroid is the most frequently recorded benign, monoclonal smooth muscle tumor of the uterus, affecting 20%–60% women of reproductive age. Being remarkably common, fibroids are an important health concern. Fibroids are the most frequent indication for the performance of hysterectomy. The health-care consequences of these tumors are substantial both for the mother as well as the fetus.

Objective:
The objective is to study the obstetric outcome in pregnancies complicated with uterine fibroids.

Materials and Methods:
This is an observational study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SKIMS, Soura, Srinagar, from May 2019 to February 2020. A prospective evaluation of a series of 28 antenatal patients presenting with fibroids (>1 cm), who delivered in our hospital was done. Maternal age, parity, size of fibroid, type of fibroid, complications during pregnancy, and mode of delivery were noted. Ultrasonogram was done at booking visit and during subsequent visits to assess the size of the fibroid and degeneration. Obstetric outcome was assessed in terms of abortion, premature delivery, malpresentation, abruption, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), subinvolution, and puerperal pyrexia. Fetal outcome was assessed in terms of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), low-birth weight, and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions.

Results:
Majority of the patients belonged to the age group of 25–29 years (35.7%), majority 19 (67.9%) were multigravida, most 17 (60.7%) of the fibroids were >3 cm in size. There were 2 (7.1%) cases of miscarriage, 6 (21.4%) cases of malpresentation, abruption in 2 (7.1%) cases, 3 (10.7%) had PPH and only 1 (3.6%) needed blood transfusion. A total of 18 (69.2%) patients delivered by lower segment caesarean section and 8 (30.7%) had vaginal delivery. Of 26 babies, 6 (23.1%) had low-birthweight, 2 (7.7%) were IUGR and there were 2 (7.7%) NICU admissions.

Conclusion:
Even though most of the fibroids in pregnancy are asymptomatic but such pregnancies should be considered as high risk pregnancies. Hence, pregnancy has to be cautiously screened in the antenatal period, through regular follow-up, to detect any adverse obstetric complications thereby improving fetomaternal outcome. Our study also suggests that reduction in fibroid size pre-pregnancy may play a vital role in preventing maternal and fetal complications which became inevitable once pregnancy reaches advanced gestation.
Study of Inﬂuence of Vaginal Ph on the eﬃcacy of Dinoprostone gel for Induction of Labor
Authors: J Sowmya  , T Vijaya Krishna  
Published: January 2021

Background: Inducing labor is a procedure intended to trigger artificial contractions of the uterus that generally involve progressive erasure and dilation of the cervix. This will hopefully lead to the birth of a baby through the vaginal route. To assess the efficacy of dinoprostone gel in cervical maturation and its effect on vaginal pH. Subjects and Methods: The participants were grouped by their vaginal pH into two groups. Group, I included patients with vaginal pH 4.5 and Group II included vaginal pH >4.5 and the differences between the groups with respect to maternal age, parity, gestational age. Those women with minimal change in Bishop Score, received up to 3 doses of dinoprostone gel intracervically, 6 hours apart. Women, who had no change in Bishop Score at the end of induction with 3 doses of dinoprostone, were further reassessed. Results: There was no statistically pertinent relationship between the two groups in regard to maternal age, gestational age, parity, and initial Bishop Score. The mean maternal age in Group I was 25.9 years and Group II was 26.9 years. The mean gestational age was 39.5 weeks in group I and 38.9 weeks in group II. The majority of subjects were primigravidas (70 percent in group I and 63 percent in group II). The mean Bishop score before labor induction was 3.6 0.9 in Group I and 4 1.0 in Group II. Out of 200 cases, 33 (23.3 percent) needed an improvement in Oxytocin, 33 (33.3 percent) in Group I and 4 (13.3 percent) in Group II. The vaginal delivery rate was 90% in Group I and 87% in Group II. The Caesarean section was marginally higher in Group II (10 percent) compared with Group I (13 percent). Conclusion: Parity has a major impact on the pre-induction of the Bishop Score and the pH itself has a vaginal influence. Knowing the pre-induction vaginal pH may also be a helpful method for determining the outcome of PGE2 induction.
Удосконалення методу розрахунку міцності корпусу підводного апарату тороїдальної форми, виготовленого намотуванням
Authors: Burdun Е. , Prystash S. 
Published: January 2021

В статті досліджується задача напружено-деформованого стану і оцінки міцності порожнистої замкненої тороїдальної оболонки, яка виконана з полімерного композиційного матеріалу способом намотування. Удосконалено метод розрахунку напружено-деформованого стану і оцінки міцності при гідростатичному стисканні міцного корпусу підводного апарату тороїдальної форми з урахуванням конструктивно-технологічних факторів виготовлення способом намотування волокном (стрічкою) із полімерних композиційних матеріалі та рекомендацій класифікаційного товариства Bureau Veritas, щодо оцінки пружних характеристик композиційного матеріалу по властивостям його компонентів. Отримано закономірності впливу на напружено-деформований стан намотаного тороїдального міцного корпусу схем армування, геометричних параметрів корпусу, перспективних типів армуючих наповнювачів та сполучників, змінної товщини та її осереднення. Встановлено, що не врахування конструктивно-технологічних факторів виготовлення способом намотування та особливостей розрахунку композиційних матеріалів і використання спрощених методів розрахунку призводить до зменшення напружень в два рази та виникненню помилки в небезпечну сторону. Обмеження по міцності прийняті у вигляді комбінованого критерія Цая-Ву-Гофмана. Проведено оцінку техніко-економічної ефективності використання високоміцних волокнистих матеріалів для тороїдальних міцних корпусів при обмеженні по міцності з метою створення раціональних в ваговому та технологічному відношенні корпусів в залежності від глибини експлуатації на початковій стадії проектування апаратів. Встановлено, що для міцних кор-пусів підводних апаратів тороїдальної форми найбільше підходять епоксипластики на основі середніх по модулю та високоміцних вуглецевих волокон.
Peningkatan Keterampilan Membaca Cerpen dengan Metode P2R dan Model Berpikir-Berbasangan-Berbagi pada Siswa Kelas IX SMP Negeri 1 Poto Tano Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020
Authors: Seni Hadiawati  
Published: January 2021

Keterampilan membaca cerpen siswa kelas IX SMP Negeri 1 Poto Tano masih rendah. Hal tersebut disebabkan siswa merasa kesulitan dalam menceritakan kembali isi cerpen dan menemukan unsur-unsur intrinsik dalam cerpen. Hal ini disebabkan penggunaan pendekatan dan media pembelajaran kurang menarik dan membosankan. Selain itu, guru belum secara intensif untuk membimbing siswa dalam pembelajaran membaca cerpen. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tindakan ini menunjukan bahwa menggunakan metode P2R dan model berpikir-berpasangan-berbagi dalam membaca cerpen pada siswa kelas IX dengan ketuntasan mencapai 100%, dengan demikian membaca cerpen dengan metode P2R dan model berpikir-berpasangan-berbagi pada siswa kelas IX SMP Negeri 1 Poto Tano dangan baik.
Efektivitas Pembelajaran Konstruktivis dengan Model Siklus Belajar Terhadap Aktivitas dan Ketercapaian KKM Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris Siswa Kelas XI ATPH SMK Negeri 1 Woja
Authors: Nurdewiyati  
Published: January 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui efektifitas pembelajaran konstruktivis dengan model siklus belajar terhadap aktifitas siswa pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris siswa kelas XI ATPH SMK Negeri 1 Woja tahun pelajaran 2018/2019. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI ATPH SMK Negeri 1 Woja tahun ajaran 2018/2019. Data yang digunakan hasil hasil tes, dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa menunjukan bahwa aktivitas curah pendapat dapat meningkatkan keterampilan siswa di dalam menggunakan bahasa Inggris lisan yang berterima khususnya untuk mengungkapkan monolog descriptive. Terbukti dari analisis data secara kuantitatif menunjukkan bahwa nilai hasil belajar siswa pada umumnya diatas Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM) bahasa Inggris yaitu 70.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa Konsep Aritmatika Sosial Dengan Praktek Jual Beli Melalui Pendekatan Saintific di Kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Sekongkang
Authors: Ekowati Endah 
Published: January 2021

Hasil pengamatan selama melaksanakan kegiatan Ulangan Harian di SMP Negeri 1 Sekongkang menunjukkan bahwa hasil pembelajaran materi Aritmatika Sosial di sekolah tersebut belum optimal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar dengan praktek Jual Beli melalui pendekatan Saintific yang didalamnya terdapat kerampilan 4C yang meliputi Communication, Collaboration, Critical thinking, Creative and innovation pada kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Sekongkang;Penelitian Tindakan Kelas sebagai subjeck siswa kelas VII dan teman guru sebagai observer.Penelitian tindakan kelas ini menggunakan dua siklus. Hasil penelitian terdapat peningkatan Hasil Belajar siswa dengan Praktek Jual Beli melalui pendekatan Saintific yang diadalam mengandung 4C pada siswa Kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Sekongkang. Hal ini dapat dilihat adanya peningkatan nilai rata–rata dalam perolehan hasil belajar siswa dari Tes tertulis yang semula rata-rata pada Pra Siklus 68,55 menjadi 72,05 pada Siklus I dan pada siklus II mengalami kenaikan yang signifikan yaitu 10,22 dari rata-rata hasil siklus I karena pada siklus kedua nilai rata-rata menjadi 82,27.
Penerapan Strategi Problem Based Instruction untuk Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Siswa Kelas V pada Mata Pelajaran IPA Sains di MIS Al-Yaminy Dompu Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020
Authors: Runa  
Published: January 2021

Proses pembelajaran selalu dituntut bagaimana bahan pengajaran yang disampaikan guru dapat dikuasai oleh siswa secara tuntus sehingga dalam mengajarkan terutama pada mata pelajaran IPA Sains dibutuhkan strategi pembelajaran yang sesuai. Guru hendaknya memilih strategi yang tepat guna mempermudah pencapaian tujuan pembelajaran yang efektif dan efisien sehingga hasil belajar siswa tercapai baik dari aspek pengetahuan, keterampilan dan sikap. Adapun penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan Strategi Problem Based Instruction untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa kelas V pada mata pelajaran IPA Sains di MIS Al-Yaminy Dompu tahun pelajaran 2019/2020. Penelitian tindakaln kelas ini dilakukan dalam 2 siklus, dari hasil tindakan yang dilakukan terbukti dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar kelas V. Pada siklus I daya serap siswa sebesar 62,71% dan secara klasikal 47,06% (kategori cukup). Presentase ketuntasan dan daya serap ini belum mencapai taraf ketuntasan belajar secara klasikal yaitu minimal 85 % dan untuk daya serapnya > 65%. Setelah tindakan siklus II, ada peningkatan daya serap siswa sebesar 78,53% dan secara klasikal 88,24% (kategori sangat baik). Hasil penelitian tindakan ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan Strategi Problem Based Instruction adalah efektif untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPA Sains kelas V di MIS Al-Yaminy Dompu tahun pelajaran 2019/2020
Rheumatoid Arthritis Versus Osteoarthritis in Patients Receiving Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty in the United States: Increased Perioperative Risks? A National Database-Based Propensity Score–Matching Study
Authors: Pan Xin , Wang Jian , Shi Zhe , Cheng Hao , Lin Zeming , Wu Xuanping , Shi Zhanjun 
Published: January 2021

Background:
The impacts of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on perioperative risks among patients undergoing revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) have not been investigated yet. Thus, we hypothesized that patients with RA sustained increased perioperative risks and higher resource consumption burdens as compared to patients with osteoarthritis (OA) during the perioperative period.

Patients and Methods:
The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was used to compare the demographic characteristics, major in-hospital complications, resource consumptions, and in-hospitalization mortality between patients with RA and OA after rTKA. A 1:1 propensity score–matching, χ2 test, independence-sample T-test, and logistic regression analysis were done in statistical analyses to answer our hypotheses.

Results:
4.3% (6363/132,405) of rTKA patients were diagnosed with RA. They tended to be women and received revision for infection but with similar ages as compared to patients with OA. Except for acute postoperative anemia (odds ratio [OR] = 1.196), blood transfusion (OR = 1.179), prolonged hospitalization (OR = 1.049), and higher total cost (OR = 1.145), patients with RA sustained decreased odds of acute renal failure (OR = 0.804) and urinary complications (OR = 0.467). Besides, the other observed in-hospital complications showed no differences between patients with RA and OA.

Conclusion:
Despite consuming greater in-hospital resources, patients with RA did not suffer increased odds of most in-hospital complications and in-hospital mortality for a revision TKA during the perioperative period. Compared with patients with OA, patients with RA sustained equivalent perioperative risks in the United States between 2002 and 2014.
Perceptions and Preferences Regarding Multiple Sclerosis Research Among Racial and Ethnic Groups
Authors: Pimentel Maldonado Daniela A. , Moreno April , Williams Mitzi J. , Amezcua Lilyana , Feliciano Shawn , Williams Anita , Machemer Daniel , Livingston Terrie , LaRocque Monique , Glim Melissa , Schmidt Hollie 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background:
For unclear reasons, minorities have been historically underrepresented in multiple sclerosis (MS) clinical trials. We hypothesized that different perceptions and preferences about research participation among racial and ethnic groups contribute to this imbalance.

Methods:
Members of the MS Minority Research Engagement Partnership Network developed a Web-based survey in English and Spanish on research impressions, concerns, and preferences regarding study attributes among people with MS. Invitations to take the survey were distributed by network members and partner organizations.

Results:
We included 2599 participants with MS (2111 White, 215 African American; 188 Hispanic). Consistently disliked study attributes included potential harms to health and confusing study information. Compared with White and non-Hispanic participants, respectively, African American (odds ratio [OR] = 2.05, P ≤ .001) and Hispanic (OR = 1.79, P = .003) participants were more concerned about being used by the research team. Hispanic participants were more concerned about research participation carrying risks to their legal status (OR = 1.70, P = .001). Hispanic (OR = 3.18, P ≤ .001) and African American (OR = 5.51, P ≤ .001) participants were more likely to prefer for the study to benefit their own racial/ethnic group. A top concern across all groups was not being fully informed about the research.

Conclusions:
We found strong support for research across racial and ethnic groups; however, minority groups have specific concerns regarding mistrust, receiving poor-quality care, unemployment, health insurance, and legal status. Investigators wanting to recruit a diverse study population are advised to show how they have addressed these concerns and to communicate how the research will advance the science and literature and result in better care and/or other benefits to underrepresented communities.