bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
microRNA390 modulates Nicotiana attenuata's tolerance response to Manduca sexta herbivory
Authors: Pradhan Maitree , Rocha Catarina , Halitschke Rayko , Baldwin Ian T. , Pandey Shree P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractmiR390 is a highly conserved miRNA in plant lineages known to function in growth and development processes, such as lateral root development, and in responses to salt and metal stress. In the ecological model species, Nicotiana attenuata, miR390's biological function remains unknown, which we explore here with a gain‐of‐function analysis with plants over‐expressing (OE‐) N. attenuata miR390 (Na‐miR390) in glasshouse and natural environments. OEmiR390 plants showed normal developmental processes, including lateral root formation or reproductive output, in plants grown under standard conditions in the glasshouse. OEmiR390 plants did not have dramatically altered interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Fusarium pathogens, or herbivores. However, Na‐miR390 regulated the plant's tolerance of herbivory. Caterpillar feeding elicits the accumulation of a suite of phytohormones, including auxin and jasmonates, which further regulate host‐tolerance. The increase in Na‐miR390 abundance reduces the accumulation of auxin but does not influence levels of other phytohormones including jasmonates (JA, JA‐Ile), salicylic acid (SA), and abscisic acid (ABA). Na‐miR390 overexpression reduces reproductive output, quantified as capsule production, when plants are attacked by herbivores. Exogenous auxin treatments of herbivore‐attacked plants restored capsule production to wild‐type levels. During herbivory, Na‐miR390 transcript abundances are increased; its overexpression reduces the abundances of auxin biosynthesizing YUCCA and ARF (mainly ARF4) transcripts during herbivory. Furthermore, the accumulation of auxin‐regulated phenolamide secondary metabolites (caffeoylputrescine, dicaffeoylspermidine) is also reduced. In N. attenuata, miR390 functions in modulating tolerance responses of herbivore‐attacked plants.
Associations between markers of social functioning and depression and quality of life in survivors of head and neck cancer: Findings from the Head and Neck Cancer 5000 study
Authors: Patterson Joanne M. , Lu Liya , Watson Laura‐Jayne , Harding Sam , Ness Andy R. , Thomas Steve , Waylen Andrea , Pring Miranda , Waterboer Tim , Sharp Linda 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate associations between markers of social functioning (trouble with social eating and social contact), depression and health‐related quality of life (QOL) among head and neck cancer survivors.MethodsThis cross‐sectional analysis included individuals with oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, salivary gland and thyroid cancers from Head and Neck 5000 alive at 12 months. Trouble with social eating and social contact were measured using items from EORTC QLQ‐H&N35 and QOL using EORTC QLQ‐C30; responses were converted into a score of 0–100, with a higher score equalling more trouble or better QOL. A HADS subscale score of ≥8 was considered significant depression. Associations between tertiles of trouble with social eating and social contact and depression and QoL were assessed using multivariable logistic and linear regression (with robust errors), respectively.ResultsOf 2561 survivors, 23% reported significant depression. The median QOL score was 75.0 (interquartile range 58.3–83.3). For trouble with social eating, after confounder adjustment, those in the intermediate and highest tertiles had higher odds of depression (intermediate: OR = 4.5, 95% CI 3.19–6.45; high: OR = 21.8, 15.17–31.18) and lower QOL (intermediate:β = −8.7, 95% CI −10.35 to −7.14; high: β = −24.8, −26.91 to −22.77). Results were similar for trouble with social contact.ConclusionWe found strong clinically important associations between markers of social functioning and depression and QOL. More effective interventions addressing social eating and contact are required. These may help survivors regain their independence, reduce levels of isolation and loneliness, and depression, and improve QOL outcomes generally.
Prescribed performance adaptive fault tolerant control approach for nonlinear large‐scale systems with time delay interconnection and dead zone input
Authors: Gao Zhifeng , Hu Shipeng , Qian Moshu , Bo Cuimei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, a prescribed performance adaptive fault tolerant tracking control scheme is presented for a class of nonlinear large‐scale systems with time delay interconnection, dead zone input, and actuator fault. The radial basis function neural networks are used to approximate unknown nonlinear functions. Different from the barrier Lyapunov functions used to achieve the symmetrical prescribed performance, a new error transformation is introduced in this study to achieve the desired asymmetrical prescribed performance. In addition, Nussbaum function is introduced to solve the difficulties caused by dead zone input and actuator fault. Based on the appropriate Lyapunov–Krasovskii functions, the effect of time delay interconnection could be compensated. By using backstepping procedures, an adaptive fault tolerant tracking control approach is developed for the considered large‐scale systems, and the stability of the closed‐loop systems is analyzed by Lyapunov theory. Meanwhile, the prescribed performance of the tracking error could be guaranteed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control approach is illustrated by two simulation examples.
Conformal electrodes for on‐skin digitalization
Authors: Wang Cong , He Ke , Li Jiaofu , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOn‐skin digitalization, streamlining the concept of the “human to device to cyberspace” platform, has attracted great attention due to its vital function in remote medicine and human–cyber interfaces. Beyond traditional rigid electrodes, soft electrodes with conformal and comfortable interfaces are essential for long‐term and high‐fidelity signal acquisition. In addition, the on‐skin data processing systems will get rid of complex cables toward a vision of fascinating form, being lightweight, skin‐friendly and even imperceptible. Although numerous soft materials and devices with mechanical tolerance have been developed, the study of conformal electrodes and on‐skin digital integrated systems are still in infancy. Here, the requirements and designs of conformal electrodes, the emerging opportunities and challenges from multichannel/multifunctional sensors to a whole new on‐skin sensing platform are highlighted.
Computationally easy, spectrally good multipliers for congruential pseudorandom number generators
Authors: Steele Guy L. , Vigna Sebastiano 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCongruential pseudorandom number generators rely on good multipliers, that is, integers that have good performance with respect to the spectral test. We provide lists of multipliers with a good lattice structure up to dimension eight and up to lag eight for generators with typical power‐of‐two moduli, analyzing in detail multipliers close to the square root of the modulus, whose product can be computed quickly.
The effect of length and inclination of carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminates on shear capacity of near‐surface mounted retrofitted reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Al‐Zu'bi Mohammad , Fan Mizi , Al Rjoub Yousef , Ashteyat Ahmed , Al‐Kheetan Mazen J. , Anguilano Lorna 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study undertakes a comprehensive investigation of the shear behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened by near surface mounted (NSM) carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates. Different strengthening configurations were employed by varying the length and inclination angle of the CFRP laminates. Results indicated that NSM‐CFRP strengthening increased the load‐carrying capacity, ductility, stiffness, and toughness from 8% to 41%, 9% to 78%, 24% to 159%, and 22% to 254%, respectively. Results also confirmed that as the CFRP laminate length decreases, the efficacy of the strengthening process increases, where the load‐carrying capacity, ductility, stiffness, and toughness improved from 8% to 19%, 10% to 21%, 8% to 68%, and 26% to 119%, respectively. Also, the comparative results revealed that specimens strengthened with 45°‐inclined CFRP laminates versus those strengthened with vertical laminates had higher load‐carrying capacity (2%–10%), ductility (1%–35%), stiffness (24%–40%), and toughness (13%–32%). Two analytical formulations to predict the contribution of the possible distinct NSM‐CFRP shear strengthening configurations for the shear resistance of RC beams were considered. Results indicated an agreement between the experimental and the analytical results for both formulas, where the average values for the safety factor, k, were 0.80 and 0.73, with corresponding values of standard deviation of 0.195 and 0.125, respectively.
Typification of Sphaeria sinensis to precisely fix the application of the name of the economically important Chinese caterpillar fungus, Ophiocordyceps sinensis
Authors: Li Yi , Jiang Lan , Hawksworth David L. , Wang Yong‐Hui , Lu Jiao‐Jiao , Yao Yi‐Jian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThere is a long‐standing need to fix the application of the name Sphaeria sinensis, basionym of the economically important Chinese caterpillar fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis, at the molecular level. The fungus was described by Berkeley in 1843, and is now harvested in the Tibetan Plateau (including the Himalayas). This need arises because of the existence of putative later synonyms in need of confirmation, existence of multiple haplotypes, occurrence of diverged ITS paralogs, and need to be confident of the identity of commercially grown cultures of the asexual morph. Here we report the rediscovery of original material in a spirit collection originally held in the Natural History Museum London but now at the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. There are also three undated collections under this name in the Kew Fungarium from Berkeley's herbarium, and another with the name of Reeves, who sent the material to the U.K., but which originated from Hooker's herbarium. There is no proof that any of these four dried collections were used by Berkeley when describing the species. The collection in the spirit jar and the published illustration are the only original materials, and that in the spirit jar is designated as lectotype here; the collection from Hooker's herbarium may be an isolectotype but it was not studied by Berkeley. As no DNA would have been recoverable from the spirit collection, we endeavoured to extract DNA from two of the dried collections. Routine DNA amplification did not yield any ITS fragments, so a metagenomic approach was used and the collection from Hooker's herbarium yielded an entire 3189 bp ITS sequence most similar to those of the haplotype that predominates in the major distributional area of the fungus. A rich modern collection from the core region of the fungus in China, with ample stromata of the fungus on the host, and the ITS sequence matching that obtained from the dried specimen from Hooker's herbarium, is designated as epitype to unequivocally fix the application of the name. Ex‐type living cultures from the epitype were obtained and are also being maintained.
No risk of international water wars: The case of the Jordan River Basin
Authors: Khoshnood Arvin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDespite warnings from scholars and the media about water wars, the case of the Jordan River basin indicates that no wars over transboundary waters will occur in that location or elsewhere. Water will, nonetheless, increase as a source of concern for human welfare because of rising global temperature and climate change. However, several means exist that are more cost‐effective for mitigating water stress than launching war over shared water resources. Alternative means to obtain water (i.e., desalination of saltwater, reuse of treated waste water, and import of virtual water, not least in combination with efficient water governance and water management) cost less than waging wars to secure water sources. Because of constant scientific and technological achievements, the cost of these alternative methods will decrease, and the hindrances to possible water wars will increase. Nevertheless, water will not be a promoter of genuine cooperation as long as water politics is based on geopolitical reasoning. The case of the Jordan River basin indicates that hydro‐cooperation is sometimes used as a tool of dominance, implying that not all types of cooperation are positive.
The Changing Role of Nordic Courts
Authors: Sunnqvist Martin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Supreme Courts in all the Nordic countries reserve, and exercise, the power to set aside unconstitutional laws. In this way, they protect the rule of law and the human rights that are enshrined in their national constitutions. However, they go about this in different ways and treat different constitutional rights in ways distinct from one another. In this chapter, I discuss the development of the diversified judicial review of legislation in the Nordic countries. I also discuss the independence of their judiciaries in the light of the latest developments in Europe. Finally, I discuss the importance of developing standards for the interpretation of case law on these constitutional issues. Recent development brings with it two consequences for Nordic courts: the task of assessing the independence of judiciaries in other EU states, and questions about how the rule of law and the independence of the judiciary can be strengthened at home.
Plea Bargaining Changing Nordic Criminal Procedure: Sweden and Finland as Examples
Authors: Ervo Laura 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA plea bargaining system is a novelty and originally a legal transplant in Northern European countries. It exists—in some form—for instance in Finland, Norway and Denmark, whereas in Sweden only the system of crown witnesses is likely to be introduced. In this chapter plea bargaining is put into the East-Nordic—Finnish and Swedish—contexts. How does plea bargaining fit into the East-Nordic court culture? Which ingredients does the contemporary legal culture consist of? In which way is court culture changing due to the new values in the society? Or are the amendments made primarily to reduce the costs of the state? Fairness, procedural justice, conflict resolution, negotiated law, pragmatically acceptable compromise, procedural truth, court service, communication and interaction are examples of the topics that are currently discussed in Finland and Sweden. At the same time, the use of written proceedings and proceedings in the absence of an accused are increasing. Is the plea bargaining system a step towards a more effective and economic criminal procedural system or is it mirroring new type of thinking concerning criminal proceedings? In this chapter, these elements are discussed. Finland is used as a main example. The Finnish situation is also compared with Sweden.
The Past, Present and Future of Nordic Courts
Authors: Nylund Anna 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBased on the insights from the previous chapters in this volume, this concluding chapter discusses key traits of Nordic courts: colloquial legal language, generalist judges, ‘unrefined’ and fragmentary laws, high trust in the state and judges, and corporatism. The development of these traits over time is explored as well as the emergence of new traits that could be labelled ‘Nordic’. It also discusses how two current trends—Europeanisation and privatisation of dispute resolution processes—influence Nordic courts. The question whether a unified Nordic procedural culture still exists is raised. Finally, the future of Nordic courts is discussed.
Courts, Law, Language and Culture
Authors: Tamm Ditlev 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article deals with some questions of legal language in the Nordic countries. It stresses the fact that, while there is no common legal language among these countries, there is still a strong common understanding even though each language (i.e., Danish, Norwegian and Swedish; Finnish is a different language) has also developed its own terminology. Nordic legal language has its roots in the first written form of the law in the years before and after 1200. Later, legal language was influenced by the German language, and, to some degree, more recently by English. The language of Nordic courts was always the vernacular. At the university, Latin was used until the eighteenth century (in dissertations still in the first part of the nineteenth century), but today studies of law are carried out in Nordic languages. There remains a great need for scholarly works on Nordic law in Nordic languages at a time when the balance between international orientation and the necessity of producing scholarly works in the national language is an issue to be discussed.
AdS3/AdS2 degression of massless particles
Authors: Alkalaev Konstantin , Yan Alexander 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We study a 3d/2d dimensional degression which is a Kaluza-Klein type mechanism in AdS3 space foliated into AdS2 hypersurfaces. It is shown that an AdS3 massless particle of spin s = 1, 2, …, ∞ degresses into a couple of AdS2 particles of equal energies E = s. Note that the Kaluza-Klein spectra in higher dimensions are always infinite. To formulate the AdS3/AdS2 degression we consider branching rules for AdS3 isometry algebra o(2,2) representations decomposed with respect to AdS2 isometry algebra o(1,2). We find that a given o(2,2) higher-spin representation lying on the unitary bound (i.e. massless) decomposes into two equal o(1,2) modules. In the field-theoretical terms, this phenomenon is demonstrated for spin-2 and spin-3 free massless fields. The truncation to a finite spectrum can be seen by using particular mode expansions, (partial) diagonalizations, and identities specific to two dimensions.
Non-invertible global symmetries and completeness of the spectrum
Authors: Heidenreich Ben , McNamara Jacob , Montero Miguel , Reece Matthew , Rudelius Tom , Valenzuela Irene 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
It is widely believed that consistent theories of quantum gravity satisfy two basic kinematic constraints: they are free from any global symmetry, and they contain a complete spectrum of gauge charges. For compact, abelian gauge groups, completeness follows from the absence of a 1-form global symmetry. However, this correspondence breaks down for more general gauge groups, where the breaking of the 1-form symmetry is insufficient to guarantee a complete spectrum. We show that the correspondence may be restored by broadening our notion of symmetry to include non-invertible topological operators, and prove that their absence is sufficient to guarantee a complete spectrum for any compact, possibly disconnected gauge group. In addition, we prove an analogous statement regarding the completeness of twist vortices: codimension-2 objects defined by a discrete holonomy around their worldvolume, such as cosmic strings in four dimensions. We discuss how this correspondence is modified in various, more general contexts, including non-compact gauge groups, Higgsing of gauge theories, and the addition of Chern-Simons terms. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results for the Swampland program, as well as the phenomenological implications of the existence of twist strings.
Probing for new physics with rare charm baryon (Λc, Ξc, Ωc) decays
Authors: Golz Marcel , Hiller Gudrun , Magorsch Tom 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We analyze rare charm baryon decays within the standard model and beyond. We identify all null test observables in unpolarized Λc→ pℓ+ℓ−, ℓ = e, μ decays, and study the new physics sensitivities. We find that the longitudinal dilepton polarization fraction FL is sensitive to electromagnetic dipole couplings $$ {C}_7^{\left(\prime \right)} $$

C
7

′

, and to the right-handed 4-fermion vector coupling $$ {C}_9^{\left(\prime \right)} $$

C
9

′

. The forward-backward asymmetry, AFB, due to the GIM-suppression a standard model null test already, probes the left-handed axialvector 4-fermion coupling C10; its CP–asymmetry, $$ {A}_{\mathrm{FB}}^{\mathrm{CP}} $$

A
FB
CP

probes CP-violating phases in C10. Physics beyond the standard model can induce branching ratios of dineutrino modes Λc→ pν$$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

up to a few times 10−5, and one order of magnitude smaller if lepton flavor universality is assumed, while standard model rates are negligible. Charged lepton flavor violation allows for striking signals into e±μ∓ final states, up to 10−6 branching ratios model-independently, and up to order 10−8 in leptoquark models. Related three-body baryon decays Ξc→ Σℓℓ, Ξc→ Λℓℓ and Ωc→ Ξℓℓ offer similar opportunities to test the standard model with |∆c| = |∆u| = 1 transitions.
DIAGRAMMATIC CONSTRUCTION OF REPRESENTATIONS OF SMALL QUANTUM $$ \mathfrak{sl} $$2
Authors: BLANCHET C. , RENZI M. DE , MURAKAMI J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe provide a combinatorial description of the monoidal category generated by the fundamental representation of the small quantum group of $$ \mathfrak{sl} $$
sl
2 at a root of unity q of odd order. Our approach is diagrammatic, and it relies on an extension of the Temperley–Lieb category specialized at δ = −q − q−1.
Analyse von 6581 Fuß- und Sprunggelenkverletzungen einer Notaufnahme im Zeitraum von 2010–2017
Authors: Pflüger Patrick , Wurm Markus , Biberthaler Peter , Pförringer Dominik , Crönlein Moritz 
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Sprunggelenk- und Fußverletzungen gehören zu den häufigsten Krankheitsbildern in der Traumatologie. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die demografischen Veränderungen von Patienten mit Fuß- und Sprunggelenkverletzungen, das zeitliche Auftreten und die Entwicklung über die Jahre in einer Notaufnahme zu untersuchen.

Material und Methoden
Retrospektive Datenauswertung von Patienten, welche aufgrund einer Fuß- und Sprunggelenkverletzung in der Notaufnahme im Zeitraum von 2010 bis 2017 behandelt wurden. Die Patienten wurden mittels ICD-Codes identifiziert und die demografischen Veränderungen, das zeitliche Auftreten und die Entwicklung über die Jahre analysiert. Mittels Quantil-Quantil-Diagramm wurden kontinuierliche Variablen auf Normalverteilung getestet und, falls zutreffend, mittels t‑Test oder nichtparametrischem Mann-Whitney-U-Test auf Signifikanz überprüft.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt wurden 6581 Fuß- und Sprunggelenkverletzungen in die Analyse eingeschlossen. Das mittlere Alter von Patienten mit einer Fußfraktur war 39 ± 17,4 Jahre und mit einer Sprunggelenkfraktur 47 ± 19,2 Jahre (p < 0,001). Ligamentäre Verletzungen des Sprunggelenks traten insbesondere bei jüngeren Patienten in den Sommermonaten auf. Die Altersverteilung bei Sprunggelenkfrakturen zeigte für Männer einen Häufigkeitsgipfel zwischen dem 30. und 39. Lebensjahr und bei Frauen ein vermehrtes Auftreten ab dem 50. Lebensjahr. In der Altersgruppe zwischen 65 und 75 Jahren stellten Trimalleolarfrakturen die zweithäufigste Sprunggelenkfraktur dar. Frakturen des Fußes betrafen am häufigsten Patienten im Alter von 20 bis 29 Jahren, wobei bei Frauen ein 2. Häufigkeitsgipfel zwischen dem 50. und 59. Lebensjahr zu beobachten war.

Schlussfolgerung
Ligamentäre Verletzungen des Sprunggelenks sind häufige Krankheitsbilder in der Notaufnahme und betreffen v. a. jüngere Patienten. Sprunggelenkfrakturen zeigten für Frauen eine bimodale Altersverteilung, und insbesondere Bi- und Trimalleolarfrakturen waren vermehrt bei Frauen ab dem 65. Lebensjahr zu beobachten. Aufgrund der erhöhten Prävalenz von Fuß- und Sprunggelenkfrakturen bei älteren Frauen sollte in diesem Patientenkollektiv eine weitere Osteoporoseabklärung veranlasst werden.