bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic early trauma impairs emotion recognition and executive functions in youth; specifying biobehavioral precursors of risk and resilience
Authors: Motsan Shai , Yirmiya Karen , Feldman Ruth 
Published: March 2021

AbstractExposure to chronic early trauma carries lasting effects on children's well-being and adaptation. Guided by models on resilience, we assessed the interplay of biological, emotional, cognitive, and relational factors in shaping two regulatory outcomes in trauma-exposed youth: emotion recognition (ER) and executive functions (EF). A unique war-exposed cohort was followed from early childhood to early adolescence. At preadolescence (11–13 years), ER and EF were assessed and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), biomarker of parasympathetic regulation, was quantified. Mother–child dyadic reciprocity, child's avoidance symptoms, and cortisol (CT) were measured in early childhood. Trauma-exposed youth displayed impaired ER and EF abilities. Conditional process analysis described two differential indirect paths leading from early trauma to regulatory outcomes. ER was mediated by avoidance symptoms in early childhood and modulated by cortisol, such that this path was evident only for preadolescents with high, but not low, CT. In comparison, EF was mediated by the degree of dyadic reciprocity experienced in early childhood and modulated by RSA, observed only among youth with lower RSA. Findings pinpoint trauma-related disruptions to key regulatory support systems in preadolescence as mediated by early-childhood relational, clinical, and physiological factors and highlight the need to specify biobehavioral precursors of resilience toward targeted early interventions.
Lexical alignment is affected by addressee but not speaker nativeness
Authors: Suffill Ellise , Kutasi Timea , Pickering Martin J. , Branigan Holly P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInterlocutors tend to refer to objects using the same names as each other. We investigated whether native and non-native interlocutors’ tendency to do so is influenced by speakers’ nativeness and by their beliefs about an interlocutor's nativeness. A native or non-native participant and a native or non-native confederate directed each other around a map to deliver objects to locations. We manipulated whether confederates referred to objects using a favored or disfavored name, while controlling for confederates’ language behavior. We found evidence of audience design for native and non-native addressees: participants were more likely to use a disfavored name after a non-native confederate used that name than after a native confederate used that name; this tendency did not differ between native and non-native participants. Results suggest that both native and non-native speakers can adapt to the language of non-native partners through non-automatic, goal-directed mechanisms of alignment during cognitively demanding communicative tasks.
The DIVING3D Survey - Deep IFS View of Nuclei of Galaxies
Authors: Steiner J. E. , Menezes R. B. , Ricci T. V. ,   DIVING3D team
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe DIVING3D Survey (Deep Integral Field Spectrograph View of Nuclei of Galaxies) aims to observe, with high signal/noise and high spatial resolution, a statistically complete sample of southern galaxies brighter than B = 12.0 The main objectives of this survey are to study: 1) the nuclear emission line properties; 2) the circumnuclear emission line properties; 3) the central stellar kinematics and 4) the central stellar archaeology. Preliminary results of individual or small groups of galaxies have been published in 18 papers.
The role of environment on quenching, star formation and AGN activity
Authors: Poggianti Bianca M. , Bellhouse Callum , Deb Tirna , Franchetto Andrea , Fritz Jacopo , George Koshy , Gullieuszik Marco , Jaffé Yara , Moretti Alessia , Mueller Ancla , Radovich Mario , Ramatsoku Mpati , Vulcani Benedetta ,   the rest of the GASP team
Published: March 2021

AbstractGalaxies undergoing ram pressure stripping in clusters are an excellent opportunity to study the effects of environment on both the AGN and the star formation activity. We report here on the most recent results from the GASP survey. We discuss the AGN-ram pressure stripping connection and some evidence for AGN feedback in stripped galaxies. We then focus on the star formation activity, both in the disks and the tails of these galaxies, and conclude drawing a picture of the relation between multi-phase gas and star formation.
Feeding and feedback from little monsters: AGN in dwarf galaxies
Authors: Mezcua Mar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDetecting the seed black holes from which quasars formed is extremely challenging; however, those seeds that did not grow into supermassive should be found as intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) of 100 – 105M⊙in local dwarf galaxies. The use of deep multiwavelength surveys has revealed that a population of actively accreting IMBHs (low-mass AGN) exists in dwarf galaxies at least out toz˜3. The black hole occupation fraction of these galaxies suggests that the early Universe seed black holes formed from direct collapse of gas, which is reinforced by the possible flattening of the black hole-galaxy scaling relations at the low-mass end. This scenario is however challenged by the finding that AGN feedback can have a strong impact on dwarf galaxies, which implies that low-mass AGN in dwarf galaxies might not be the untouched relics of the early seed black holes. This has important implications for seed black hole formation models.
Happiness Inequality Among a Sample of Iranian Older Population
Authors: Harandi Tayebeh Fasihi , Rastad Hadith , Mahmoodi Zohreh , Rostami Mahnoosh , Ghavidel Nooshin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract. This study evaluates the happiness inequality among older Iranians using concentration index analysis. A total of 739 people aged 60–90 years completed the Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI) questionnaire. The SES variables were constructed using nonlinear principal component analysis (NLPCA) based on all related variables. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that persons in the SES quintiles 3–4, urban dwellers, literate, and with no underlying disease had higher odds of happiness than others. Based on the estimated concentration indices, there was inequality in happiness based on SES levels (concentration index [95% confidence Interval]: 0.14 [0.10, 0.19]; p < .05). Our results revealed that happiness in the older population was probably more prevalent among people with higher SES levels.
Source Mechanisms of Laboratory Earthquakes During Fault Nucleation and Formation
Authors: King Thomas , Vinciguerra Sergio , Burgess Jodi , Benson Philip , De Siena Luca 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIdentifying deformation and pre‐failure mechanisms preceding faulting is key for fault mechanics and for interpreting precursors to fault rupture. This study presents the results of a new and robust derivation of first motion polarity focal mechanism solutions (FMS) applied to acoustic emission (AE). FMS are solved using a least squares minimization of the fit between projected polarity measurements and the deviatoric stress field induced by dilatational (T‐type), shearing (S‐type), and compressional (C‐type) sources. 4 × 10 cm cylindrical samples of Alzo Granite (AG, porosity <1%) and Darley Dale Sandstone (DDS, porosity ≈14%) underwent conventional triaxial tests in order to investigate the relationships between increasing confining pressure (5, 10, 20, and 40 MPa), deformation and failure mode, and role of microstructural features. Results highlight that S‐type events occur in very low numbers with poor spatial correlation to fault structure. Instead, deformation is driven by a complex interplay between compactant (C‐type) and dilatant (T‐type) regions of deformation. C‐type events are the earliest precursor related to crack nucleation and T‐type events mark new cracks opening, with the onset of fracture growth characterized by periodic cycles of coalescence. For AG a single sequence is able to lead to dynamic failure, while for DDS several cycles are needed for coalescence to take place due to the competition between dilatant and compactant deforming regions induced by multiple fracture nucleation sites. The occurrence of C‐ and S‐type events is also consistent with a quasi‐static premonitory phase, or foreshock, before a critical nucleation length allows the development of a planar localization.
Year‐Round and Long‐Term Phytoplankton Dynamics in Lake Bonney, a Permanently Ice‐Covered Antarctic Lake
Authors: Patriarche J. D. , Priscu J. C. , Takacs‐Vesbach C. , Winslow L. , Myers K. F. , Buelow H. , Morgan‐Kiss R. M. , Doran P. T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLake Bonney (McMurdo Dry Valleys, east Antarctica) represents a year‐round refugium for life adapted to permanent extreme conditions. Despite intensive research since the 1960s, due to the logistical constraints posed by 4‐months of 24‐h darkness, knowledge of how the resident photosynthetic microorganisms respond to the polar winter is limited. In addition, the lake level has risen by more than 3 m since 2004: impacts of rapid lake level rise on phytoplankton community structure is also poorly understood. From 2004 to 2015 an in situ submersible spectrofluorometer (bbe FluoroProbe) was deployed in Lake Bonney during the austral summer to quantify the vertical structure of four functional algal groups (green algae, mixed algae, and cryptophytes, cyanobacteria). During the 2013–2014 field season the Fluoroprobe was mounted on autonomous cable‐crawling profilers deployed in both the east and west lobes of Lake Bonney, obtaining the first daily phytoplankton profiles through the polar night. Our findings showed that phytoplankton communities were differentially impacted by physical and chemical factors over long‐term versus seasonal time scales. Following a summer of rapid lake level rise (2010–2011), an increase in depth integrated chlorophyll a (chl‐a) occurred in Lake Bonney caused by stimulation of photoautotrophic green algae. Conversely, peaks in chl‐a during the polar night were associated with an increase in mixotrophic haptophytes and cryptophytes. Collectively our data reveal that phytoplankton groups possessing variable trophic abilities are differentially competitive during seasonal and long‐term time scales owing to periods of higher nutrients (photoautotrophs) versus light/energy limitation (mixotrophs).
Strengthening Atlantic Inflow Across the Mid‐Pleistocene Transition
Authors: Barker Stephen , Zhang Xu , Jonkers Lukas , Lordsmith Sian , Conn Stephen , Knorr Gregor 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe development of larger and longer lasting northern hemisphere ice sheets during the mid‐Pleistocene Transition (MPT) coincided with global cooling. Here, we show that surface waters of the north‐eastern Atlantic actually warmed across this interval (∼1.2–0.8 Ma), which we argue reflects an increase in the north‐eastward transport of heat and moisture via the North Atlantic Current (NAC) into the Nordic Seas (the Atlantic Inflow). We suggest that simultaneous cooling and warming along the north‐western and south‐eastern margins (respectively) of the NAC during Marine Isotope Stage 28 (∼995 ka) reflected the increasing persistence of northern ice sheets as Atlantic Inflow increased. This resulted in a diachronous shift from ∼40 to ∼100 kyr cyclicity across the North East (NE) Atlantic as the growing influence of northern ice sheets spread southwards; to the north‐west of the NAC the first “100 kyr” cycle preceded Termination 12 (∼960 ka), while on the south‐eastern margin of the NAC the transition occurred ∼100 kyr later. Exploratory climate model simulations suggest that increasing Atlantic Inflow at this time could have accelerated ice sheet growth because pre‐existing moderately sized ice sheets allowed the positive effect of increasing precipitation to outpace melting. In addition, we propose that the dependence of post‐MPT ice sheets on moisture transport via the Atlantic Inflow may ultimately contribute to their apparent vulnerability to insolation forcing once a critical size threshold is crossed and high latitude ice sheets become starved of a vital moisture source.
Molecular bridge-mediated ultralow-power gas sensing
Authors: Banerjee Aishwaryadev , Khan Shakir-Ul Haque , Broadbent Samuel , Bulbul Ashrafuzzaman , Kim Kyeong Heon , Noh Seungbeom , Looper R. , Mastrangelo C. H. , Kim H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe report the electrical detection of captured gases through measurement of the quantum tunneling characteristics of gas-mediated molecular junctions formed across nanogaps. The gas-sensing nanogap device consists of a pair of vertically stacked gold electrodes separated by an insulating 6 nm spacer (~1.5 nm of sputtered α-Si and ~4.5 nm ALD SiO2), which is notched ~10 nm into the stack between the gold electrodes. The exposed gold surface is functionalized with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of conjugated thiol linker molecules. When the device is exposed to a target gas (1,5-diaminopentane), the SAM layer electrostatically captures the target gas molecules, forming a molecular bridge across the nanogap. The gas capture lowers the barrier potential for electron tunneling across the notched edge region, from ~5 eV to ~0.9 eV and establishes additional conducting paths for charge transport between the gold electrodes, leading to a substantial decrease in junction resistance. We demonstrated an output resistance change of >108 times upon exposure to 80 ppm diamine target gas as well as ultralow standby power consumption of <15 pW, confirming electron tunneling through molecular bridges for ultralow-power gas sensing.
Variable influences of soil and seed-associated bacterial communities on the assembly of seedling microbiomes
Authors: Walsh Corinne M , Becker-Uncapher Isadore , Carlson Madeline , Fierer Noah 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Plants grown in distinct soils typically harbor distinct microbial communities, but the degree of the soil microbiome influence on plant microbiome assembly remains largely undetermined. We also know that the microbes associated with seeds can contribute to the plant microbiome, but the magnitude of this contribution is likely variable. We quantified the influence of soil and seed microbiomes on the bacterial community composition of seedlings by independently inoculating seeds from a single cultivar of wheat (Triticum aestivum) with 219 unique soil slurries while holding other environmental factors constant, determining the composition of the seed, soil, and seedling bacterial communities via cultivation-independent methods. Soil bacterial communities exert a strong, but variable, influence on seedling bacterial community structure, with the extent of the soil bacterial contribution dependent on the soil in question. By testing a wide range of soils, we were able to show that the specific composition of the seedling microbiome is predictable from knowing which bacterial taxa are found in soil. Although the most ubiquitous taxa associated with the seedlings were seed derived, the contributions of the seed microbiome to the seedling microbiome were variable and dependent on soil bacterial community composition. Together this work improves our predictive understanding of how the plant microbiome assembles and how the seedling microbiome could be directly or indirectly manipulated to improve plant health.
GABA signalling modulates stomatal opening to enhance plant water use efficiency and drought resilience
Authors: Xu Bo , Long Yu , Feng Xueying , Zhu Xujun , Sai Na , Chirkova Larissa , Betts Annette , Herrmann Johannes , Edwards Everard J. , Okamoto Mamoru , Hedrich Rainer , Gilliham Matthew 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe non-protein amino acid γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been proposed to be an ancient messenger for cellular communication conserved across biological kingdoms. GABA has well-defined signalling roles in animals; however, whilst GABA accumulates in plants under stress it has not been determined if, how, where and when GABA acts as an endogenous plant signalling molecule. Here, we establish endogenous GABA as a bona fide plant signal, acting via a mechanism not found in animals. Using Arabidopsis thaliana, we show guard cell GABA production is necessary and sufficient to reduce stomatal opening and transpirational water loss, which improves water use efficiency and drought tolerance, via negative regulation of a stomatal guard cell tonoplast-localised anion transporter. We find GABA modulation of stomata occurs in multiple plants, including dicot and monocot crops. This study highlights a role for GABA metabolism in fine tuning physiology and opens alternative avenues for improving plant stress resilience.
The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein is dynamic, disordered, and phase separates with RNA
Authors: Cubuk Jasmine , Alston Jhullian J. , Incicco J. Jeremías , Singh Sukrit , Stuchell-Brereton Melissa D. , Ward Michael D. , Zimmerman Maxwell I. , Vithani Neha , Griffith Daniel , Wagoner Jason A. , Bowman Gregory R. , Hall Kathleen B. , Soranno Andrea , Holehouse Alex S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein is an abundant RNA-binding protein critical for viral genome packaging, yet the molecular details that underlie this process are poorly understood. Here we combine single-molecule spectroscopy with all-atom simulations to uncover the molecular details that contribute to N protein function. N protein contains three dynamic disordered regions that house putative transiently-helical binding motifs. The two folded domains interact minimally such that full-length N protein is a flexible and multivalent RNA-binding protein. N protein also undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation when mixed with RNA, and polymer theory predicts that the same multivalent interactions that drive phase separation also engender RNA compaction. We offer a simple symmetry-breaking model that provides a plausible route through which single-genome condensation preferentially occurs over phase separation, suggesting that phase separation offers a convenient macroscopic readout of a key nanoscopic interaction.
Measuring 3D orientation of nanocrystals via polarized luminescence of rare-earth dopants
Authors: Kim Jeongmo , Chacón Reinaldo , Wang Zijun , Larquet Eric , Lahlil Khalid , Leray Aymeric , Colas-des-Francs Gérard , Kim Jongwook , Gacoin Thierry 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOrientation of nanoscale objects can be measured by examining the polarized emission of optical probes. To retrieve a three-dimensional (3D) orientation, it has been essential to observe the probe (a dipole) along multiple viewing angles and scan with a rotating analyzer. However, this method requires a sophisticated optical setup and is subject to various external sources of error. Here, we present a fundamentally different approach employing coupled multiple emission dipoles that are inherent in lanthanide-doped phosphors. Simultaneous observation of different dipoles and comparison of their relative intensities allow to determine the 3D orientation from a single viewing angle. Moreover, the distinct natures of electric and magnetic dipoles originating in lanthanide luminescence enable an instant orientation analysis with a single-shot emission spectrum. We demonstrate a straightforward orientation analysis of Eu3+-doped NaYF4 nanocrystals using a conventional fluorescence microscope. Direct imaging of the rod-shaped nanocrystals proved the high accuracy of the measurement. This methodology would provide insights into the mechanical behaviors of various nano- and biomolecular systems.
The folate cycle enzyme MTHFD2 induces cancer immune evasion through PD-L1 up-regulation
Authors: Shang Man , Yang Huijie , Yang Ran , Chen Tao , Fu Yuan , Li Yeyi , Fang Xianlong , Zhang Kangjian , Zhang Jianju , Li Hui , Cao Xueping , Gu Jinfa , Xiao Jianwen , Zhang Qi , Liu Xinyuan , Yu Qiujing , Wang Ting 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMetabolic enzymes and metabolites display non-metabolic functions in immune cell signalling that modulate immune attack ability. However, whether and how a tumour’s metabolic remodelling contributes to its immune resistance remain to be clarified. Here we perform a functional screen of metabolic genes that rescue tumour cells from effector T cell cytotoxicity, and identify the embryo- and tumour-specific folate cycle enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 (MTHFD2). Mechanistically, MTHFD2 promotes basal and IFN-γ-stimulated PD-L1 expression, which is necessary for tumourigenesis in vivo. Moreover, IFN-γ stimulates MTHFD2 through the AKT–mTORC1 pathway. Meanwhile, MTHFD2 drives the folate cycle to sustain sufficient uridine-related metabolites including UDP-GlcNAc, which promotes the global O-GlcNAcylation of proteins including cMYC, resulting in increased cMYC stability and PD-L1 transcription. Consistently, the O-GlcNAcylation level positively correlates with MTHFD2 and PD-L1 in pancreatic cancer patients. These findings uncover a non-metabolic role for MTHFD2 in cell signalling and cancer biology.
An ecological approach to structural flexibility in online communication systems
Authors: Palazzi María J. , Solé-Ribalta Albert , Calleja-Solanas Violeta , Meloni Sandro , Plata Carlos A. , Suweis Samir , Borge-Holthoefer Javier 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHuman cognitive abilities are limited resources. Today, in the age of cheap information—cheap to produce, to manipulate, to disseminate—this cognitive bottleneck translates into hypercompetition for rewarding outcomes among actors. These incentives push actors to mutualistically interact with specific memes, seeking the virality of their messages. In turn, memes’ chances to persist and spread are subject to changes in the communication environment. In spite of all this complexity, here we show that the underlying architecture of empirical actor-meme information ecosystems evolves into recurring emergent patterns. We then propose an ecology-inspired modelling framework, bringing to light the precise mechanisms causing the observed flexible structural reorganisation. The model predicts—and the data confirm—that users’ struggle for visibility induces a re-equilibration of the network’s mesoscale towards self-similar nested arrangements. Our final microscale insights suggest that flexibility at the structural level is not mirrored at the dynamical one.