bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Jauhiainen Jussi S. , Tedeschi Miriam 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUndocumented Migrants and their Everyday Lives: The Case of Finlanddiscusses the processes and practices through which migrants become undocumented; what their everyday lives consist of; which local, national, and international policies and practices affect them; and how they deal with them. In addition, the book reflects on how research on undocumented migrants can best be conducted using quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods, and reflects on research ethics and methodologies. The empirical focus of the book is Finland and, more broadly, the European Union (EU), but the themes connect to a broader geographical scope.The topic of irregular migration and undocumented migrants is becoming increasingly important in Europe. The book asks who these undocumented migrants are; what their everyday lives are like, what key issues concern them; and how the society regards them—particularly in Finland. Among the key themes addressed are the asylum processes and their failures; the housing, employment, and social networks of undocumented migrants; their migration journeys to, within, and beyond Finland; their healthcare; and their uses of the internet and social media. This introductory chapter outlines the book, describes the Finnish context, and reviews the literature concerning the emergence of the undocumented migrant phenomenon.
Conducting Research About Undocumented Migrants
Authors: Jauhiainen Jussi S. , Tedeschi Miriam 
Published: April 2021

AbstractConducting research about undocumented migrants is, for various reasons, always challenging. Very seldom are available accurate information and comprehensive statistical data on their demographic, economic, and social situations. Furthermore, there are many kinds of undocumented migrants, and it is often difficult for researchers to contact them.This chapter discusses the methodological challenges of conducting research about undocumented migrants, especially in situations in which no previous data is available and undocumented migrants are wary of attempts to study them. The chapter explains in detail how to design research using triangulated quantitative survey data and qualitative ethnographic data on undocumented migrants; how to analyse and reflect upon them in ways that avoid biased results as far as possible; and the common challenges and opportunities of this kind of research. Finally, the chapter posits solutions, paying extensive attention to research ethics, and especially to the power imbalance between researchers and the researched, and the precautions that need to be taken and ensured in order to avoid data leakage and/or wrongful exposure—which are topics of the utmost importance when conducting research about undocumented migrants.
Undocumented Migrants’ Everyday Lives in Finland
Authors: Jauhiainen Jussi S. , Tedeschi Miriam 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe everyday lives of undocumented migrants are littered with challenges, such as constantly having to find new places in which to live and sleep; seeking employment and a livelihood, even in the grey market; contacting families and friends, to overcome feelings of loneliness and despair; maintaining hope for the future, despite living in a country that is rejecting them; and escaping the police. Living without legal permission in a country makes them wear a variety of identities and masks, and continually devise new survival strategies and practices in order to survive and make ends meet.The chapter illustrates how undocumented migrants in Finland manage to find more or less secure accommodation, and how some of them even find jobs despite the law forbidding them to work in Finland. The chapter also explores in detail their everyday social lives, who they turn to when they need something, and their aspirations and hopes for the future. We also pay attention to their migrations to Finland, within Finland, and their potential on-migration from Finland, including return migration.
Climate Change Resiliency Through Mangrove Conservation: The Case of Alitas Farmers of Infanta, Philippines
Authors: Gevaña Dixon T. , Garcia Josephine E. , Ruzol Clarissa D. , Malabayabas Felisa L. , Grefalda Liezl B. , O’Brien Elizabeth , Santos Elsa P. , Camacho Leni D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTransformation, transition, and paradigm shift are increasingly applied concepts in literature on climate resiliency to describe changes in society and the environment. Here, we considered mangroves to be dynamic socio-ecological systems, subject to increasing anthropogenic pressures that present complex challenges for the design of effective coastal governance. Analysing these systems through a participatory approach, we consulted a community who lives in close relationship with mangroves, the Alitas farmers of Infanta, Quezon Province, Philippines. This community has improved decision-making processes for the development of adaptation strategies to climate change. In turn, a sustainably managed and conserved mangrove forest promotes human well-being and resilience, particularly for those households whose livelihoods are dependent on the resources that mangroves provide. This paper examined the importance of mangrove land management that addresses climate change hazards. We synthesised various perspectives on the importance of mangrove conservation for enhancing climate resiliency by: (1) describing the climate-related hazards that affect local communities and mangroves; (2) describing socio-institutional structures influencing effective mangrove conservation and local resilience; and (3) identifying climate change adaptation strategies that promote local development and mangrove conservation. This paper establishes a collaborative management framework for future risk-resilience management that operates alongside coastal communities within the Philippines and across the global stage.
Degraded Landscape Transformed into Foodland and Woodland by Village Agroforestry
Authors: Raharilaza Nathalie Viviane 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis case study shares the results and lessons learned from agroforestry practices to restore a degraded and abandoned landscape, the production of seedlings of native and endemic tree species for forest restoration, and a trial of autochthones species transplantation at the village level in Madagascar. Awareness-raising and facilitation carried out by the NGO team on landscape changes and their effects on local people’s lives, food and natural resources, were the initial drivers of this process. A farmer led the landscape restoration experimentation by taking part of his poor, degraded land that had been long abandoned, and giving the green light to use it as a ‘farmer field school’. The community decided to keep the other side of the field untouched to enable comparison. Community members learned from each other by periodically sharing experiences. Community capacity-building on family accounting, production and harvest management helped community members to make decisions regarding the choice of crops and landscaping types suited to their needs. The community started to see results from the third year and increased the landscaped areas to boost future production. Some native trees like Harina (Bridelia tuleasneana), a highly preferred tree usually harvested from the rainforest for building materials, adapted very well to the village. The villagers learned to plant them rather than harvest them from the natural forest. The commitment, patience and courage of the community, and their immense pride in what they have achieved, created a cascading effect leading to sustainability.
Social-Ecological Transformation Through Planting Mixed Tree Species on Abandoned Agricultural Land in the Hills of Nepal
Authors: Pandit Bishnu Hari , Kumari Aryal Netra , Schmidt Hans-Peter 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA project entitled, “Building village economies through climate farming & forest gardening” (BeChange) was implemented in four municipality areas of the Tanahun and Lamjung districts of Nepal from May 2015. In order to assess changes in the social-ecological system that result from this project targeting abandoned agricultural lands, this case study was conducted using various methods: triad grouping, GPS point surveys, household surveys, focus group discussions (FGDs), field observation and reports. A participatory approach in reforestation on abandoned agricultural land with introduction of carbon credits has become a new livelihood strategy for local communities. It has not only attracted domestic and international tourists, but also helped to conserve biodiversity and local ecology. This activity also united village women and indigenous communities as triad groups for collaborative outcomes. A total of 42,138 seedlings of mixed tree species such as Michelia champaca, Elaeocarpus ganitrus, Bassia butyraceae, Bauhinia purpurea, and Cinnamon tamala were planted by 276 families on abandoned agricultural land between May 2015 and July 2018. However, as of 2020, this range has expanded to include 635 families with plantations of more than 65,000 seedlings. The set-up and maintenance of these forest gardens were financed with advanced payments for the carbon sink services of the planted trees. Farmers who succeeded with tree survival rates above 80% received an additional yearly carbon sink payment. The outcomes of the project show significant improvements in food security and tree biodiversity in the project villages. Of the total sampled households, almost half (45%) were under extreme poverty and had food sufficiency for only 3 months/year before the project. With the project, this percentage dropped to 22%, signals the emergence of seeds for transformative change.
Transformative Change Through Ecological Consumption and Production of Ancient Wheat Varieties in Tuscany, Italy
Authors: Gualandi Guido , Williams-Gualandi D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the 2016 Volume 2 of the Satoyama Initiative Thematic Review (SITR), a summary of the activities of the Grani Antichi Association in Montespertoli, Tuscany, was introduced with a roll out plan for transformative change of the supply chain and possible replication of the project in other regions. The main goal of the project has been to restore and preserve ancient varieties of wheat, cultivate them sustainably and include a form of payment for the least compensated members of the production chain. The aims of the Association are to reduce the carbon footprint of modern agricultural practices and the landslides and soil erosion caused by them, to preserve biodiversity and most importantly, to improve farmers’ revenue, enabling them to safeguard the environment and improve health by cultivating healthy food. The preservation of social ties and local knowledge is an additional result. Markers of the project’s success include benefits that are equally distributed across the production chain, farmers who are motivated to cultivate ancient wheat varieties and the conversion of 500 ha of abandoned or conventionally cultivated land to a more sustainable and biodiverse system. The market economy system in place was dismantled, and farmers now have access to more economic benefits, which must be distributed fairly. Because the project provides a transformative model of production and consumption outside the traditional market economy system, it appears to function with a complete multi-sectoral chain, where producers, food processors and consumers agree on a set price for a defined product. This chapter provides a preliminary analysis of the successes and challenges related to the main project and to upscaling in different areas.
Thermal order in large N conformal gauge theories
Authors: Chaudhuri Soumyadeep , Choi Changha , Rabinovici Eliezer 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this work we explore the possibility of spontaneous breaking of global symmetries at all nonzero temperatures for conformal field theories (CFTs) in D = 4 space-time dimensions. We show that such a symmetry-breaking indeed occurs in certain families of non-supersymmetric large N gauge theories at a planar limit. We also show that this phenomenon is accompanied by the system remaining in a persistent Brout-Englert-Higgs (BEH) phase at any temperature. These analyses are motivated by the work done in [1, 2] where symmetry-breaking was observed in all thermal states for certain CFTs in fractional dimensions.In our case, the theories demonstrating the above features have gauge groups which are specific products of SO(N) in one family and SU(N) in the other. Working in a perturbative regime at the N → ∞ limit, we show that the beta functions in these theories yield circles of fixed points in the space of couplings. We explicitly check this structure up to two loops and then present a proof of its survival under all loop corrections. We show that under certain conditions, an interval on this circle of fixed points demonstrates both the spontaneous breaking of a global symmetry as well as a persistent BEH phase at all nonzero temperatures. The broken global symmetry is ℤ2 in one family of theories and U(1) in the other. The corresponding order parameters are expectation values of the determinants of bifundamental scalar fields in these theories. We characterize these symmetries as baryon-like symmetries in the respective models.
Jet radiation in a longitudinally expanding medium
Authors: Caucal P. , Iancu E. , Soyez G. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In a series of previous papers, we have presented a new approach, based on perturbative QCD, for the evolution of a jet in a dense quark-gluon plasma. In the original formulation, the plasma was assumed to be homogeneous and static. In this work, we extend our description and its Monte Carlo implementation to a plasma obeying Bjorken longitudinal expansion. Our key observation is that the factorisation between vacuum-like and medium-induced emissions, derived in the static case, still holds for an expanding medium, albeit with modified rates for medium-induced emissions and transverse momentum broadening, and with a modified phase-space for vacuum-like emissions. We highlight a scaling relation valid for the energy spectrum of medium-induced emissions, through which the case of an expanding medium is mapped onto an effective static medium. We find that scaling violations due to vacuum-like emissions and transverse momentum broadening are numerically small. Our new predictions for the nuclear modification factor for jets RAA, the in-medium fragmentation functions, and substructure distributions are very similar to our previous estimates for a static medium, maintaining the overall good qualitative agreement with existing LHC measurements. In the case of RAA, we find that the agreement with the data is significantly improved at large transverse momenta pT ≳ 500 GeV after including the effects of the nuclear parton distribution functions.
Bi- or multiparametric MRI in a sequential screening program for prostate cancer with PSA followed by MRI? Results from the Göteborg prostate cancer screening 2 trial
Authors: Wallström Jonas , Geterud Kjell , Kohestani Kimia , Maier Stephan E. , Månsson Marianne , Pihl Carl-Gustaf , Socratous Andreas , Arnsrud Godtman Rebecka , Hellström Mikael , Hugosson Jonas 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objectives
The PIRADS Steering Committee has called for “higher quality data before making evidence-based recommendations on MRI without contrast enhancement as an initial diagnostic work up,” however, recognizing biparametric (bp) MRI as a reasonable option in a low-risk setting such as screening. With bpMRI, more men can undergo MRI at a lower cost and they can be spared the invasiveness of intravenous access. The aim of this study was to assess cancer detection in bpMRI vs mpMRI in sequential screening for prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods
Within the ongoing Göteborg PCa screening 2 trial, we assessed cancer detection in 551 consecutive participants undergoing prostate MRI. In the same session, readers first assessed bpMRI and then mpMRI. Four targeted biopsies were performed for lesions scored PIRADS 3–5 with bpMRI and/or mpMRI.

Results
Cancer was detected in 84/551 cases (15.2%; 95% CI: 12.4–18.4) with mpMRI and in 83/551 cases (15.1%; 95% CI: 12.3–18.2%) with bpMRI. The relative risk (RR) for cancer detection with bpMRI compared to mpMRI was 0.99 (95% one-sided CI: > 94.8); bpMRI was non-inferior to mpMRI (10% non-inferiority margin). bpMRI resulted in fewer false positives, 45/128 (35.2%), compared to mpMRI, 52/136 (38.2%), RR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.84–0.98. Of 8 lesions scored positive only with mpMRI, 7 were false positives. The PPV for MRI and targeted biopsy was 83/128 (64.8%) for bpMRI and 84/136 (61.8%) for mpMRI, RR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01–1.10.

Conclusions
In a PSA-screened population, bpMRI was non-inferior to mpMRI for cancer detection and resulted in fewer false positives.

Key Points
• In screening for prostate cancer with PSA followed by MRI, biparametric MRI allows radiologists to detect an almost similar number of prostate cancers and score fewer false positive lesions compared to multiparametric MRI.
• In a screening program, high sensitivity should be weighed against cost and risks for healthy men; a large number of men can be saved the exposure of gadolinium contrast medium by adopting biparametric MRI and at the same time allowing for a higher turnover in the MRI room.
Deep velocimetry: Extracting full velocity distributions from projected images of flowing media
Authors: Baker James Lindsay , Einav Itai 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is a powerful image correlation method for measuring bulk velocity fields of flowing media. It typically uses optical images, representing quasi-two-dimensional experimental slices, to measure a single velocity value at each in-plane position. However, projection-based imaging methods, such as x-ray radiography or shadowgraph imaging, encode additional out-of-plane information that regular PIV is unable to capture. Here, we introduce a new image analysis method, named deep velocimetry, that goes beyond established PIV methods and is capable of extracting full velocity distributions from projected images. The method involves solving a deconvolution inverse problem to recover the distribution at each in-plane position, and is validated using artificial data as well as controlled laboratory x-ray experiments. The additional velocity information delivered by deep velocimetry could provide new insight into a range of fluid and granular flows where out-of-plane variation is significant.

Graphic abstract
Myofasziitis unter Nivolumab-Therapie
Authors: Krusche M. , Schneider U. , Geisler C. , Keller S. , Stenzel W. , Ohrndorf S. 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungWir schildern den Fall einer 73-jährigen Patientin mit malignem Melanom, die eine rasch progrediente Dermatosklerose der Arme und Beine sowie Myalgien und Beugekontrakturen unter der Therapie mit dem Immuncheckpoint-Inhibitor Nivolumab entwickelte. Bildmorphologisch und bioptisch konnte die Diagnose einer Myofasziitis gesichert werden. Nach Rücksprache mit den behandelnden Dermatoonkologen wurde die Nivolumab-Therapie bei gutem Ansprechen des Malignoms pausiert und eine immunmodulierende Therapie mit Methotrexat und Prednisolon eingeleitet. Immuncheckpointinhibitoren können vielfältige immunvermittelte Nebenwirkungen induzieren und auch rheumatologische Krankheitsbilder imitieren. Das Auftreten einer Myofasziitis unter Immuncheckpointinhibition ist nur in wenigen Fällen in der Literatur berichtet. Sinnvoll für die Diagnostik sind insbesondere die Bestimmung der eosinophilen Leukozyten, eine bildgebende Diagnostik mittels Sonographie und/oder MRT sowie die Gewinnung einer Gewebebiopsie. Die weitere onkologische und rheumatologische Therapiesteuerung sollte in enger interdisziplinärer Abstimmung erfolgen.
Using the elastic properties of zircon-garnet host-inclusion pairs for thermobarometry of the ultrahigh-pressure Dora-Maira whiteschists: problems and perspectives
Authors: Campomenosi Nicola , Scambelluri Marco , Angel Ross J. , Hermann Joerg , Mazzucchelli Mattia L. , Mihailova Boriana , Piccoli Francesca , Alvaro Matteo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) whiteschists of the Brossasco-Isasca unit (Dora-Maira Massif, Western Alps) provide a natural laboratory in which to compare results from classical pressure (P)–temperature (T) determinations through thermodynamic modelling with the emerging field of elastic thermobarometry. Phase equilibria and chemical composition of three garnet megablasts coupled with Zr-in-rutile thermometry of inclusions constrain garnet growth within a narrowP–Trange at 3–3.5 GPa and 675–720 °C. On the other hand, the zircon-in-garnet host-inclusion system combined with Zr-in-rutile thermometry would suggest inclusion entrapment conditions below 1.5 GPa and 650 °C that are inconsistent with the thermodynamic modelling and the occurrence of coesite as inclusion in the garnet rims. The observed distribution of inclusion pressures cannot be explained by either zircon metamictization, or by the presence of fluids in the inclusions. Comparison of the measured inclusion strains with numerical simulations shows that post-entrapment plastic relaxation of garnet from metamorphic peak conditions down to 0.5 GPa and 600–650 °C, on the retrograde path, best explains the measured inclusion pressures and their disagreement with the results of phase equilibria modelling. This study suggests that the zircon-garnet couple is more reliable at relatively low temperatures (< 600 °C), where entrapment conditions are well preserved but chemical equilibration might be sluggish. On the other hand, thermodynamic modelling appears to be better suited for higher temperatures where rock-scale equilibrium can be achieved more easily but the local plasticity of the host-inclusion system might prevent the preservation of the signal of peak metamorphic conditions in the stress state of inclusions. Currently, we cannot define a precise threshold temperature for resetting of inclusion pressures. However, the application of both chemical and elastic thermobarometry allows a more detailed interpretation of metamorphicP–Tpaths.