bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERCUTANEOUS BLADDER ASPIRATION AND OTHER METHODS OF URINE COLLECTION FOR BACTERIOLOGIC STUDY
Authors: Pryles Charles V. 
Published: December 2021

IN THE PAST FEW YEARS, a great deal of interest has been focused on the problem of distinguishing true bacteriuria from contamination. The normal urethra is known to harbor bacteria which may contaminate specimens obtained either by voiding or by catheterization. The latter method of obtaining samples may well be the means of introducing organisms that might not have been present before or of replacing sensitive with resistant organisms. Moreover the risk of producing such an infection is greater with the incompletely emptying bladder of lower urinary tract obstruction It has been suggested that percutaneous needle aspiration of the bladder urine may not only be safer than catheterization in some circumstances, but would also obviate contamination of samples during voiding or catheterization.
Elsewhere in this issue, Nelson and Peters relate their experience with suprapubic percutaneous aspiration of the urinary bladder in premature and full-term neonates. Aspiration of bladder urine for bacteriologic purposes was first reported in 1956 by Guze and Beeson, who compared colony counts in urine samples obtained both by bladder aspiration and catheter in a small group of women free from urinary tract infection. The following year a comparison of bacterial counts of the urine obtained by needle aspiration of the bladder, catheterization, and midstream collection was described by Manzon and her associates. In 1959 we obtained samples of urine by percutaneous needle aspiration of the bladder and compared the quantitative cultures with those obtained immediately thereafter by catheterization; all these samples were from infants and children prior to elective laparotomies.
Red Urine: The Monday Morning Disorder of Children
Authors: LEVIN S. 
Published: December 2021

It is passing strange that probably the commonest urinary disorder in children gets scant mention in some of the largest standard textbooks on pediatrics or urology. Over the past 20 years the Index Medicus does not list the phenomenon of red urine as a consequence of the ingestion of colored food.
A frequent telephone complaint on a Monday morning concerns the distressing observatio that a 2-or 3-year-old child is passing red urine. Commonly there has been a children's party on the preceding Saturday afternoon or Sunday and in addition to red sweets there have been available red cool drinks and jellies,pink wafer biscuits, red icing sugar, and cakes.
Adrenal Cortical Adenoma Arising in a Girl with Congenital Adrenogenital Syndrome
Authors: DAESCHNER GEORGE L. 
Published: December 2021

The following report concerns au adrenal cortical adenoma in a girl of 13 years in whom the diagnosis of virilizing adrenal hyperplasia was made shortly after birth. An explanation of the etiology of the tumor is suggested by the unusual clinical course.
Past History
A. A., a Caucasian infant was born September 8, 1950, to a 31-year-old mother. Birth weight was 8 lb 12 oz (3.8 kg) and the immediate neonatal course was uncomplicated. The house physician recorded the child as a male with hypospadias and discharged it at the age of 3 days without further studies. Eleven days later the infant began to have episodes of vomiting with mild diarrhea.
COMPARATIVE INCIDENCE OF BIRTH DEFECTS IN NEGRO AND WHITE CHILDREN
Authors: Altemus Leonard A. , Ferguson Angella D. 
Published: December 2021

Studies made during the last 20 years indicate that in mixed, but predominantly [SEE TABLE VI IN PDF SOURCE] Caucasian, racial groups, birth defect occurs in approximately 1 to 4% of all live births. To supplement the scanty information on the incidence of birth defects among North American Negro children the birth records were reviewed for a ten-year period at two hospitals in the District of Columbia. Approximately 60% of all Negro children born in the District of Columbia are delivered in these hospitals. Among these children representing a cross section of the socioeconomic groups of the Negro community, the incidence of birth defects was approximately 6%. There were significant differences in the frequencies at the two hospitals, the hospital with the largest number of births from mothers in the lower socioeconomic group had approximately three times as many defects as the hospital utilized by the higher socioeconomic group.
The ten congenital malformations occurring most frequently in a group of predominantly Caucasian Boston children were compared with the ten commonest defects in the District of Columbia group. Six defects, namely, polydactyly, clubfoot, hypospadias, congenital heart disease, mongolism, and cleft palate were among the commonest ten in both groups; the frequencies of these varied. The five congenital malformations occurring most frequently at the two hospitals in the District of Columbia were similar in type and in incidence. Multiple defects were rare in both racial groups and no grouping of defects seemed to occur together more frequently than others.
RADIOISOTOPE RENOGRAPHY IN CHILDREN
Authors: Wenzl James E. , Tauxe W. Newlon , Burke Edmund C. , Hunt James C. , Stickler Gunnar B. 
Published: December 2021

Radioisotope renograms with orthoiodohippurate-I131 were obtained for 41 children who had known renal or renovascular disorders. (Two patients had hypertension but no evidence of renal disease.) Values determined for various components of the renogram curves were considered abnormal when they exceeded two standard deviations from the mean values for normal children of similar body surface area or when time B (from injection to the point of maximal radioactivity) exceeded 6.5 minutes or differed from the contralateral kidney by more than 1 minute.
The renogram was clearly abnormal in all 17 patients who had unilateral or predominantly unilateral renal disorders. Abnormalities associated with bilateral renal disorders varied with the disease and its severity. The clinical severity of impairment of renal function could be estimated from the renogram.
The isotope renogram proved to be a simple, reproducible technique for determination of function of the separate kidneys.
HYPERMETHIONINEMIA: A METABOLIC DISORDER ASSOCIATED WITH CIRRHOSIS, ISLET CELL HYPERPLASIA, AND RENAL TUBULAR DEGENERATION
Authors: Perry Thomas L. , Hardwick David F. , Dixon Gordon H. , Dolman Clarisse L. , Hansen Shirley 
Published: December 2021

Three infants in one sibship are described, each of whom died during the third month of life after illnesses characterized by irritability and progressive somnolence, and terminally by a tendency to bleed and hypoglycemia. Each infant had a very peculiar odor for several weeks before death. Autopsy disclosed almost identical pathological changes in each infant, consisting of hepatic cirrhosis, renal tubular dilatation, and pancreatic islet hypertrophy.
Biochemical investigation of the third infant demonstrated, besides a generalized aminoaciduria, a very marked elevation of methionine in serum, and a disproportionately high excretion of this amino acid in urine. Normal brain cystathionine concentration, and absence of excessive amounts of homocystine and cystathionine from urine, indicated that the major known pathway of methionine degradation was intact. α-Keto-γ-methiolbutyric acid was found in the infant's urine and may have been responsible for the patient's odor.
It is suggested that an alternative pathway of methionine breakdown, in addition to that leading through cystathionine, exists in man, and that an enzymatic block, possibly in the oxidative decarboxylation of the alpha keto acid of methionine, might conceivably have accounted for the disease found in these infants.
STUDIES IN ACUTE IRON POISONING. I. DESFERRIOXAMINE IN THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE IRON POISONING: CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS, EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES, AND THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Authors: Whitten Charles F. , Gibson George W. , Good Mary H. , Goodwin Jesse F. , Brough A. Joseph 
Published: December 2021

1. Thirteen children who had ingested iron salts were treated with a combination of enteral and parenteral Desferrioxamine. Although all recovered, a review of the literature indicates that criteria are not available to determine whether the treatment was responsible for their survival.
2. Three of 9 dogs recovered when treated with enteral and intravenous [See Table XII. in Source Pdf.] Desferrioxamine, which was started 1 hour after the administration of a L D.100 dose of ferrous sulfate.
3. Desferrioxamine does not prevent the absorption of the quantities of iron involved in acute iron poisoning.
4. Further studies are essential to: (a) establish criteria for determining the quantity of Desferrioxamine to use in individual cases so that maximum effectiveness will be achieved without producing serious toxicity, and (b) to determine whether toxicity from the iron-desferrioxamine complex can be prevented.
Review of Child Development Research, Volume I
Authors: VALADIAN ISABELLE 
Published: December 2021

Sponsored by the Russell Sage Foundation, the Society of Research in Child Health and Development has undertaken the much needed task of presenting to the professional persons of various disciplines working with children a selective and interpretive review of child development research.
The present volume, which is the first of an announced series, deals predominantly with the social and psychologic aspects of child development. It covers a great variety of topics from infant care, parental separation, parental discipline, early group experience, effects of mass media, acquisition of sex typing and sex role identity, and development of moral character, to the genetic and neurophysiologic aspects of behavior.
Prenatal Treatment of Erythroblastosis
Authors: REWALD ENRIQUE 
Published: December 2021

I was most interested in the papers published from the International Conference of Intrauterine Fetal Surgery held in Stowe, Vermont, November 9-1l, 1964 (Pediatrics 35: 813, 1965).
The current interest in this subject induced me to request publication of the following commentary: I think that intrauterine exchange transfusion, as performed by Karlis Adamsons, Jr., et at., where the femoral artery was cannulated in order that the arterial pressure should permit the withdrawal of blood, seems to be an unnecessary risk since, until birth, the mother is perfectly able to withdraw the excess of fetal bilirubin.
Adopting A Child Today
Authors: WESSEL MORRIS A. 
Published: December 2021

The author of this book possesses strong motivation to improve circumstances surrounding the creation of families through the adoptive process. This aim is praiseworthy for there is great need for better understanding of the various professional responsibilities which the law, social work, and medicine should offer in this area.
The initial chapter, entitled "Agency Adoption," states that couples seeking to adopt should gain through their contacts with a caseworker "new insights into themselves, their feelings about adoption, and the ways in which they will handle the special problems of adoption with the child in the years ahead."
ANNUAL SUMMARY OF VITAL STATISTICS—1964
Authors: Wegman Myron E. 
Published: December 2021

Each year as the vital statistics of the United States are reviewed,* the key question asked by pediatricians is "What has happened to infant mortality?" This year, in 1964, it is gratifying to note that a new low was achieved. While preliminary results for 1965 suggest that a retrogression may be in store, the 1964 record is the best the country has yet seen.
The year 1964 was also characterized by continuation of the downward trend in births, a tendency of the marriage rate, which had been climbing over the previous two years, to level off, and a slight over-all decline from the preceding year in general mortality.
Group Therapy in Childhood Psychosis
Authors: BULLARD D. M. 
Published: December 2021

Clinical research in childhood psychosis is one of the most difficult tasks facing child psychiatry today. The unstable nature of the clinical observations is matched by the ambiguities of the available theoretical models. Of all the aspects of this complex disorder the effectiveness of psychotherapy is singular in its importance and elusive in its demonstration.
This monograph describes a research study of the response of a small group of psychotic children to group psychotherapy over a period of four years.
THE EFFECT OF ACTIVITY ON THE CONCENTRATION OF BLOOD LACTATE IN NEWBORN INFANTS
Authors: Graven Stanley N. , Criscuolo Dominic , Holcomb Thomas M. 
Published: December 2021

The effect of 5 to 20 minutes of mild to moderate activity on the concentration of blood lactate in 9 infants was measured. During activity the concentration of blood lactate increased 0.4 to 1.8 mM/L. The maximum increase in the concentration of blood lactate after vigorous activity was 2.9 mM/L.
Based on the results of these studies, the following conclusions are drawn:
1. Activity, even if mild, can increase significantly the concentration of blood lactate in the neonate.
2. During vigorous activity, lactate can accumulate at rates (0.14-0.34 mM/L/min) approaching those observed during total asphyxia.
3. Following activity, neonates may metabolize lactate at a slower rate than human adults.
4. The effect of activity must be considered in the interpretation of any studies which involve the concentration of blood lactate in the neonate.
Thrombocytopenia in Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Authors: STRYKER WINIFIELD 
Published: December 2021

The case of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever with multiple coagulation disturbances reported in Pediatrics (36:627, 1965) was similar to a recent patient's.
This was a 2½ year old girl with a 9 day history of fever and rash. She was comatose and had papular lesions, many of which were hemorrhagic, involving the whole body (including palms and soles) plus many small flat petechiae. A sibling had died 2 days before with an identical history.
HEART FAILURE IN CONGENITAL THYROTOXICOSIS
Authors: Farrehi Cyrus , Mitchell Marvin , Fawcett David M. 
Published: December 2021

Congenital thyrotoxicosis, or Graves' disease of the newborn, may be complicated by cardiac decompensation. Both the disease and its complication are self-limited, but they may become severe and endanger the life in the neonatal period.
Failure of the heart may be related to interference with formation of high-energy phosphate bonds in the myocardial mitochondria by high levels of thyroid hormone. This phenomenon depletes the source of energy for myocardial contraction.
The treatment should be primarily directed toward the hyperthyroidism.
The enhanced rate of growth of the hyperthyroid fetus may lead to a developmental state where a small, apparently premature infant has well-formed and well-functioning organs, some aged far in advance of the relatively short intrauterine life. The term "accelerated maturity" is suggested to describe this state.
Management of Juvenile Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: GROSSMAN ELMER R. 
Published: December 2021

Doctors Traisman and Newcomb cover the usual subjects of the cause, diagnosis and treatment of juvenile diabetes, leaving about one-third of the text for a detailed description of diet therapy. The book is designed as a how-to-do-it guide, and should be judged accordingly.
In these modest terms, it is a reasonably useful book. A few omissions, however, are worthy of note. For example: the four-page discussion of differential diagnosis omits postconvulsive and acute febrile glycosuria—two well-known though uncommon entities.
CONGENITAL NONSPHEROCYTIC HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA ASSOCIATED WITH ERYTHROCYTE GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY IN A NEGRO FAMILY
Authors: Grossman Aaron , Ramanathan K. , Justice Parvin , Gordon Joan , Shahidi Nasrollah T. , Hsia David YI-Yung 
Published: December 2021

This paper describes a Negro family with congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia associated with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.
All four affected males in this family showed a hemolytic anemia characterized by low hemoglobin, reticulocytosis, and jaundice. There was no detectable G-6-P D in the red cells and about a tenth of normal enzyme activity in the white cells. By starch gel electrophoresis, the G-6-P D was present as a single band which migrated at the rate of 104% of normal. Physico-chemical studies revealed a marked increase of the Michaelis constant for both G-6-P and TPN, a marked lability of the enzyme upon heating at 40°C and 48°C, and a single narrow peak at pH 9.0. Most of these features were similar to those seen in the Oklahoma I variant.
Four of the females in the family were studied (two sisters, the mother, and a maternal aunt of the propositus); all showed a lesser degree of anemia and reticulocytosis but no jaundice, except in the mother. There was a decrease of haptoglobins and both the mother and one sister showed a decrease of erythrocyte survival time as measured by chromium-51. The female members had between 11 and 26% of normal G-6-P D activity in the red cells and between 35 and 63% of normal enzyme activity in the white cells. Starch gel electrophoresis in the mother and aunt showed a single band which migrated at 110% of normal with a trail at the position of the affected males.
The presence of a milder degree of hemolysis in the heterozygous carriers of the gene for G-6-P D deficiency associated with congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia provides further support for the Lyon hypothesis in man.
Congespirin: Distribution, Composition, Advertising
Authors: ALPERT JOEL J. 
Published: December 2021

An advertisement in the November, 1965, Pediatrics (page cix) advertises "The First and Only Pediatric Cold Tablet Recommended Even for Three Year OldsmNew Congespirin." This product has been extensively advertised on television. In addition, it has been distributed through the mails and sample packets containing tablets distributed in residential areas so that one 3-year-old collected for his mother, but fortunately did not ingest, some 20 packages containing 80 tablets.
I wish to protest not only this method of advertising, which is a potential source of accidental ingestion, but also the product itself.
HUMAN IMMUNOGLOBULINS—A GUIDE TO NOMENCLATURE AND CLINICAL APPLICATION
Authors: Smith Richard T. 
Published: December 2021

THE MULTIFOLD character of the human immune response has been recognized for many years by the variety of antibodies which result from infection or immunization. Until recently, the basis for such discrimination has been limited to the electrophoretic mobility or biologic effects of antibody in vitro. Biophysical tools which permit the isolation and structural investigation of proteins and other macromolecules have been applied to antibody molecules with such effectiveness that it is now possible to describe the heterogeneity of the human immune response in exquisite detail. These major advances in knowledge require and justify an updated nomenclature.
THE NOMENCLATURE
A group of leaders in this field met in 1964 at Geneva under the auspices of WHO and recommended international adoption of the terms shown in Table I A-1.
The preexisting confusion over nomenclature appears to have been resolved by nearly unanimous adoption of their recommendations by workers in the field with the result that it is standard in most current technical literature on the subject. Popular usage to date appears to favor the notation employing the Greek letter gamma: γG, γM, γA, and γD for the major classes of immunoglobulins, rather than the equally acceptable, but phonetically clumsy Ig-G, Ig-M, Ig-A, and Ig-D notation. Because the data involved, as well as the nomenclature, are too new to have appeared in textbooks or review journals usually read by those interested in child health, it is appropriate to review briefly the structure and functions of the immunoglobulin molecules as currently understood, and to suggest some actual and potentially important applications of this information in diagnosis and therapy.
Recognition of the Clinical Teacher
Authors: PRYLES CHARLES V. 
Published: December 2021

For some time others as well as I have been concerned with the fact that there are no rewards for excellence in teaching and that in order to achieve advancement in academic medicine one must do basic laboratory research, and perhaps the more basic the research, the better the chances for recognition and promotion.
A recent Special Article by Dr. Samuel Proger in the September 9, 1965, issue of the New England Journal of Medicine and an editorial in the November 1 issue of the New York Times deplore the emphasis on research to the neglect of teaching, both in undergraduate and postgraduate years.
Department of Deteriorating Relations to the North
Authors: COODIN FISCHEL J. 
Published: December 2021

I am provoked to write this letter after perusing the recently-arrived January 1966 number of Pediatrics. Just because you Americans were plunged into blackness as the result of a minor electrical switch failure NORTH of Niagara Falls is no reason to darken Canadian-American relations as well as the affairs of the American Academy of Pediatrics.
Quebec is the largest province of Canada, covering an area of 594,860 square miles (larger than a combination of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Maryland, Delaware, Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, with the District of Columbia thrown in for good measure).
"Society" or "Genetic Inferiority"
Authors: Mason Alfred B. 
Published: December 2021

I found both your February articles on "Reading Retardation" quite interesting. However, this letter is a mild protest against some of the sentiments in Dr. Eisenberg's article.
I've followed public controversies for a number of decades in my life, long enough to recognize the rise and fall of "fads" in public opinion. When I was in my teens, there was a growing self-consciousness in the United States about race, as there had always been about sex.
LACTATE AND PYRUVATE AS AN INDEX OF PRENATAL OXYGEN DEPRIVATION
Authors: Daniel Salha S. , Adamsons Karlis , James L. Stanley 
Published: December 2021

The concentrations of lactate and hydrogen ions in maternal and fetal blood indicate that their net movement is from fetus to mother. Since these ions can cross the placenta in either direction, maternal acidosis will be reflected in the fetus.
Low absolute values for lactate in both umbilical vein and artery of vigorous infants at birth indicate that under optimal conditions the fetus derives only a small proportion of energy from anaerobic glycolysis.
Infants born following prolonged or complicated labors during which oxygen supply to the fetus is likely to be impaired are more acidotic and have significantly higher lactate levels.
The concentration of pyruvate at birth shows no consistent relationship to the clinical condition of the infant, and neither the ratio of lactate to pyruvate nor excess lactate appears to be a better index of prenatal oxygen deprivation than the concentration of lactate.
The acid-based components of amniotic fluid do not correlate either with the lactate concentration in fetal blood nor with the clinical condition of the infant at birth. In the minutes following birth, there is a further fall in blood pH, presumably due to a delayed influx of hydrogen ion from tissues. Thus, the composition of cord blood does not fully reflect the degree of fetal asphyxia during labor and delivery.