bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cultivating Empowerment in Nursing Today for a Strong Profession Tomorrow
Authors: Campbell Sara L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The ongoing nursing shortage requires careful consideration by those in nursing education to determine causes of the shortage and best approaches to countering the supply issue predicted to last far into the future. A grounded theory approach was used to conduct a pilot study to explore processes related to empowerment and disempowerment among 16 participants from a baccalaureate nursing program. Participants included nursing school administrators, faculty, and students. Cultivating was the basic core process constructed that appeared to influence empowering and disempowering experiences in nursing education. Findings suggest collaborative efforts between nursing education and clinical practice are necessary.
Traumatized Eye With Retinal Damage From Amniocentesis
Authors: Isenberg Sherwin J , Heckenlively John R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Amniocentesis has been previously reported to cause damage to the anterior segment of the eye with subsequent loss of vision. We report the first case of amniocentesis in which the needle penetrated the globe and punctured the retina and the first case in which vision was retained. At four months of age the injured eye was found to have a perilimbal conjunctival bleb, a scarred retinal hole, unilateral myopia, and mild amblyopia. At evaluation under anesthesia, a scleral perforation with exposed uvea was repaired.
Extended Wear Contact Lenses in Pediatric Aphakia
Authors: Cutler Shelley I , Nelson Leonard B , Calhoun Joseph H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A 100% silicone polymer contact lens can be used successfully for extended wear in pediatric aphakia. Compared to a hydrogel extended wear contact lens, the silicone lens has several advantages. These include easier handling, a less traumatic fitting procedure for the child, fluorescein use for evaluation of the lens-cornea relationship and a lower loss rate. Bacterial and preservative contamination are minimized due to the lower water content.
The silicone lens appears to be safe, having no permanent adverse effects on the cornea. It would be more advantageous if the lens could be obtained in higher plus powers; however, the available power (up to +32.00D) is appropriate in almost all cases.
Epikeratophakia in Children With Corneal Lacerations
Authors: Morgan Keith S , Stephenson Gary S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Epikeratophakia grafts were used to optically correct aphakia in six children who suffered traumatic cataracts and corneal lacerations which were greater than 3 mm in length. The ages of the patients at the time of corneal laceration ranged from nine months to 3 3/12 years. Five of the six grafts were successful. The average increase in corneal curvature was 16.11 diopters with an average overrefraction of -0.73 diopters. The deprivation interval in the five children with successful grafts ranged from two months to two years, and the average visual acuity for the four verbal patients with successful grafts was 20/60. This series demonstrates that epikeratophakia grafts can be successfully applied to scarred and irregular corneas and may be superior to penetrating keratoplasty in some cases, because epikeratophakia allows for a prompt restoration of visual function.
Congenital Glaucoma and Retinal Dysplasia
Authors: Preslan Mark W , Beauchamp George R , Zakov Z Nicholas 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The differential diagnosis of leukocoria (pseudoglioma) in the neonate includes multiple conditions, including malformations with retinal dysplasia as a component. Typically bilateral, retinal dysplasia is characteristically seen in microphthalmic eyes. Certain chromosomal defects have been described.
The case reported herein presented in the first month of life with an enlarged eye, elevated intraocular pressure, prominent iris vasculature, and leukocoria. Family history was positive in one respect: this is the second child of a Viet Nam veteran exposed to Agent Orange. The first child, from a different mother, also had birth defects. Other than his left eye, the child is completely normal. Ultrasonography showed posterior vitreous opacities of indeterminate configuration. CT scan suggested a posterior intraocular mass.
Histologically, the principal features were an anomalous, largely unformed corneoscleral angle, intraocular hemorrhage, and retinal dysplasia. Light microscopic studies were performed. The corneoscleral angle revealed an anteriorly inserted iris with an absence of trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal.
This case is considered unique on the basis of the association of retinal dysplasia with congenital glaucoma and larger-than-normal eye. The significance of reported paternal exposure to Agent Orange in this instance is unknown.
Familial Simple Ectopia Lentis: A Case Study
Authors: Casper D S , Simon J W , Nelson L B , Porter I H , Lichtenstein S B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Hereditary simple ectopia lentis affected nine patients in three generations of a family. Inheritance appeared to be autosomal dominant. Examination of 12 family members, employing body proportion measurements, chest x-ray, echocardiogram, and urinary cystine or blood methionine levels, revealed no evidence of any systemic disease. In all cases except two, lenses were bilaterally and superiorly dislocated. The degree of dislocation varied considerably among those affected, causing no visual disturbance in some and severely limiting visual acuity in others. Visual deficits were greatest in patients with intermediate degrees of dislocation. To date, the only known complications related to the dislocations have been two cases of bilateral cataracts. The indications for lensectomy in patients with ectopia lentis are reviewed.
Duane's Syndrome Electro-Oculography Pattern
Authors: Prieto-Diaz Julio 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Horizontal ocular saccadic positions were analyzed in 11 Type I and 3 Type II Duane's syndrome. In all 14 patients, a weakness of adduction was found. This finding, and extreme 40° adduction, small corrective saccades were made probably due to co-contraction of the lateral rectus muscle, helping to make the diagnoses. The present paper would indicate that the Duane's syndrome has a pathognomonic eye position and movement tracing.
Traumatic Total Hyphema in a Patient With Severe Hemophilia
Authors: Lifshitz T , Yermiahu T , Biedner B , Yassur Y 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A 12-year-old hemophilic boy suffered from secondary glaucoma in his right eye due to total hyphema following trauma. An emergency operation was performed to evacuate the hyphema under a tight anti-hemophilic treatment. A careful postoperative treatment with factor VIII concentrate, antiglaucomatous drugs and aminocaproic acid was administered.
Intraocular pressure returned to normal and remained so during the four months follow-up period. Visual acuity returned to 6/9 and there was no rebleeding into the anterior chamber.
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of traumatic hyphema and of an operation to wash this hyphema in a hemophiliac. The dilemma of management of such a case is discussed.
Think Superior Oblique Palsy
Authors: Metz Henry S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Superior oblique palsy is thought to be the most frequent cause of acquired vertical diplopia. It is often the result of blunt head trauma but may also be caused by brain tumor, meningitis, diabetes, lesions of the cavernous sinus, and superior orbital fissure as well as arteriosclerosis.
The characteristics frequently include a small vertical strabismus in primary gaze, ipsilateral inferior oblique overaction with an increased hypertropia to the contralateral side, a "V" pattern, excyclotorsion, and a positive Bielschowsky head tilt test to the ipsilateral side. In a typical case, it is not difficult to make the proper diagnosis.
Several patients will be described whose superior oblique palsy was marked by an association with another motility disturbance.
Pseudo Oculomotor Palsy as the Presenting Sign of Linear Scleroderma
Authors: Tang Rosa A , Mewis-Christmann Linda , Wolf John , Wilkins Robert B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A case of linear scleroderma presenting as a pseudo oculomotor palsy is reviewed. The patient's facial skin abnormalities suggested the underlying etiology. This case illustrates a previously unreported finding in linear scleroderma, mydriasis without atrophy, reminding the clinician to look at the skin in patients with unexplained unilateral pupillary disturbances.
The Variable Clinical Characteristics and Course of Early Infantile Esotropia
Authors: Robb Richard M , Rodier Dorothy W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A study of 75 patients with early infantile esotropia treated by one of the authors (RMR) between 1965 and 1980 revealed a broad range of clinical findings and treatment modalities. The study group included nine children born prematurely and 16 with neurologic impairment; the balance had no apparent illness other than strabismus. Only 21 patients had spontaneously alternating fixation; the rest required some form of occlusion therapy. Glasses were prescribed for 75% of the patients sometime during their management, and changes in refractive error were common. One or more operations were performed on 56 patients, but 19 patients required no surgical intervention because of a spontaneous decrease in their deviation. Binocularity was found more frequently in patients straightened surgically before 2 years (50%) than in those straightened after that time (14%), but it was also present in five of the 19 patients who required no surgery. The presence of binocularity during the course of treatment did not insure stability of alignment.
Cyclotorsional Diplopia Following Retinal Detachment Surgery
Authors: Metz Henry S , Norris Andrew 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Four patients reporting symptoms of torsional diplopia following retinal detachment repair were seen. One patient most likely had a pre-existing, partially compensated superior oblique palsy as the cause of her vertical deviation and excyciotorsion. A second was found to have the superior oblique tendon adherent anteriorly to the encircling band and buckle just behind the superior rectus insertion, resulting in incyclotorsion. Release of these restrictions reduced the torsion to a small, asymptomatic degree. The third and fourth patients had excyciotorsion for unexplained reasons. Removing the scleral exoplant and Harada-Ito type surgery on the superior oblique tendon did not relieve the symptoms and only minimally reduced the excyciotorsion in one patient. A second procedure, with advancement of the anterior portion of the superior oblique tendon, successfully eliminated cyclotorsional symptoms.
Retinoblastoma
Authors: Helveston Eugene M , Knuth Keith R , Ellis Forrest D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Retinoblastoma was diagnosed in 74 patients between July 1967 and February 1987. Thirty cases (40%) were bilateral; 39 were female and 35 were male. Treatment in bilateral cases consisted of enucleation of the more involved eye and a combined approach of supervoltage irradiation, cryocoagulation, and photocoagulation to the remaining eye. In unilateral cases the involved eye was enucleated and the uninvolved eye observed. Four patients had bilateral enucleation at their initial presentation and four others had the second eye enucleated after unsuccessful tumor treatment. One patient died from metastatic retinoblastoma, one patient died after intrathecal chemotherapy without the evidence of tumor, and one patient died with trilateral retinoblastoma. Seventy-one of 74 patients (96%) currently survive with a follow-up of 1 month to 19 years. Two-year survival is 65 of 68 (95.5%).
Congenital Iris Ectropion and a New Classification for Anterior Segment Dysgenesis
Authors: Wilson M Edward 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Congenital iris ectropion has recently been added to the spectrum of neural-crest-derived anterior segment dysgenesis syndromes. Major features include a nonprogressive ectropion of the iris pigment epithelium, a glassy smooth cryptless iris surface, a high iris insertion, dysgenesis of the drainage angle, glaucoma, and in many cases, ipsilateral ptosis. Anterior segment dysgenesis syndromes have been subdivided into disorders of neural crest cell migration, proliferation, or differentiation. The congenital iris ectropion syndrome does not clearly fit into this classification. A new classification based on a theory of developmental arrest is presented which is more consistent with current knowledge of embryologie development and with recent clinical and histopathologic findings. The new classification links the congenital iris ectropion syndrome with the Axenfeld-Rieger spectrum but separates it from classic congenital glaucoma and the irido-corneal endothelial (ICE) syndromes. In addition, a histopathologically-supported etiologic theory for congenital iris ectropion is presented that supports the new classification.
Response of Coexisting Underacting Superior Oblique and Overacting Inferior Oblique Muscles to Inferior Oblique Weakening
Authors: Hunter Lee R , Parks Marshall M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
One hundred twenty-six eyes with inferior oblique overaction and coexisting superior oblique underaction were retrospectively studied pre- and postoperatively. The data show that weakening the inferior oblique corrected the underaction of the superior oblique, and that overcorrection of the underacting superior oblique was unusual. Eyes were selected for study if superior oblique underaction coexisted with inferior oblique overaction preoperatively. The operation chosen for the inferior oblique in every case was determined by the quantity of inferior oblique overaction and whether prior surgery on the inferior oblique had been performed. A denervation and extirpation was the final inferior oblique weakening procedure in all except three of these eyes. Congenital or acquired superior oblique palsy cases were not included in this study. To eliminate eyes with superior oblique palsy, we excluded any patient with a history of serious head trauma; a vertical deviation in the primary position greater than 5 prism diopters except if caused by dissociated vertical deviation; the complaint of torsional diplopia controlled by an anomalous head posture; or a positive Bielschowsky head tilt test. The mean preoperative superior oblique action was - 2.4 on a scale of 0 to 4, and this corrected to a mean postoperative action of -0.2, (P < .001). This was accompanied by a change in the mean inferior oblique action of +3.8 to -0.2, (P < .001). These same results were found regardless of the preoperative action of either the inferior or superior oblique. With regard to the postoperative superior oblique action, 22 cases were undercorrected, 2 were overcorrected, and 102 were normal.
Detachment of Intact Posterior Lens Capsule: Secondary to Contusion in Penetrating Ocular Trauma
Authors: Wolter J Reimer 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Severe contusion of the lens in a penetrating scleral injury of the eye of a young patient resulted in separation and bleb-like detachment of the posterior lens capsule with subcapsular accumulation of a fibrin-containing exudate. This separation of the posterior lens capsule resulting from increase of permeability with subcapsular fluid accumulation is believed to represent a possible basic mechanism of posterior lens involvement without capsule rupture secondary to ocular trauma.
An Unusual Case of Cellulitis Associated With a Molteno Implant in a 1-Year-Old Child
Authors: Karr Daniel J , Weinberger Edward , Mills Richard P 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The Molteno seton implant has recently been used in pediatric patients with advanced childhood glaucoma, who would otherwise have been treated with cyclodestructive surgery. We report a case of Molteno implant (first stage) associated with orbital cellulitis in a 1-year-old child. The presence of the implant was initially unrecognized until, in the course of evaluation for orbital cellulitis, computerized tomography of the orbit suggested a foreign body. We believe this is the first report of a complication associated with the first stage of this procedure.
A Diagnostic Ruler for Strabismus and Amblyopia
Authors: Wang Guang-Ji , Pomerantzeff Oleg 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We designed a diagnostic slide ruler for easier detection of strabismus and amblyopia, both of which begin in childhood. This new instrument makes the Parks threestep test easier to use and faster than other methods in diagnosing isolated cyclovertical muscle paralysis. Furthermore, the slide ruler tests visual acuity with both series letters and single letters. Incorporated into the instrument are Laurence's strabismometer, Haab's pupillometer, occluder, pinhole, and millimeter ruler. A laboratory model is now available, and this slide ruler can assist the ophthalmological practitioner in analyzing three-step test data more rapidly than graphs and computer programs can. This instrument can also diagnose pediatric patients in the early stages of microstrabismus and amblyopia to obtain the best therapeutic results.
Postoperative Endophthalmitis in Children Following Cataract Surgery
Authors: Good William V , Hing Stephen , Irvine Alexander R , Hoyt Creig S , Taylor David S I 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Three children developed endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. Each had signs and symptoms of either nasolacrimal duct obstruction or upper respiratory infection at the time of surgery. The causative organisms were Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Final visual acuities were 6/24, LP, and NLP, respectively.
Endophthalmitis after cataract surgery in intents has never been reported. These three cases drawn from two pediatrie ophthalmology practices represent an incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis of 0.45%. Although this incidence report is potentially spurious, it indicates that postoperative endophthalmitis is a very real threat in infants. We recommend a thorough systems review and exam of upper airways and lacrimal system before undertaking intraocular surgery in young children. We also caution against simultaneous bilateral surgery.
Visual Acuity in Monocular Pediatric Aphakia: Does Epikeratophakia Facilitate Occlusion Therapy in Children Intolerant of Contact Lens or Spectacle Wear?
Authors: Elsas Frederick J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Twenty-two children had a monocular cataract extracted between 1981 and 1986. Twelve of these patients eventually tolerated a monocular contact lens or anisometropic spectacle wear. Eleven patients initially would not tolerate conventional therapy, and epikeratophakia was performed. Of the 12 patients tolerating a contact lens or spectacles, eight (67%) now see 20/60 or better, and six (50%) see 20/40 or better. Only one (10%) of the patients maintaining the epikeratophakia graft developed vision as good as 20/70. Epikeratophakia did not facilitate occlusion therapy for amblyopia. The critical factor in the development of good vision following monocular cataract extraction was the patient's willingness to patch the better eye, not the method of correcting the refractive error.
Excessive Single Lateral Rectus Muscle Recession in the Treatment of Intermittent Exotropia
Authors: Feretis D , Mela K , Vasilopoulos G 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Ten patients with small angle intermittent exotropia of 14 to 16 prism diopters were treated by unilateral lateral rectus muscle recession of 11.5 to 12 mm on the nondominant eye.
In the immediate postoperative phase, overcorrection of 4 to 6 Δ gave a very good functional result. Abduction deficiency was minimal for recession up to 12 mm.
This procedure should be considered as an alternative approach in the treatment of small angle intermittent exotropia showing a "basic" pattern.
Changing Trends in the Management of Retinoblastoma: 1951-1965 vs 1966-1980
Authors: Abramson David H , Niksarli Kevork , Ellsworth Robert M , Servodidio Camille A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A retrospective analysis of the records of 1253 retinoblastoma patients (567 females, 665 males, and sex of one unknown) seen in the years 1951-1965 (575 patients, Interval I) and 1966-1980 (678 patients, Interval II) was conducted to determine changes in the manner of presentation of the disease, the treatment modalities employed, and their subsequent outcomes following treatment. There was no significant difference between the two 15-year time intervals in the age at presentation (mean, range), laterality, gender, family history, laterality vs gender distribution, family history vs laterality, employment of chemotherapy in unilateral cases or the use of external beam radiation (EBR) in bilateral cases. Changing trends in the management of retinoblastoma were observed as a result of the introduction of new treatment modalities, such as cryotherapy, light coagulation, and radioactive plaque therapy. Bilateral patients have received chemotherapy less frequently in Interval II. The use of photocoagulation, cryotherapy, and brachytherapy for bilaterals, and cryotherapy for unilaterals increased significantly during Interval II. During both time intervals, a significantly higher percentage of unilaterally affected eyes were enucleated compared with bilaterally affected eyes; in addition, there was a decrease in the percentage of enucleations performed on both unilaterally and bilaterally affected eyes. In Interval II, 87% of unilateral patients and 91% of the bilateral patients had an enucleation performed.
Delayed Consecutive Exotropia Following 7-Millimeter Bilateral Medial Rectus Recession for Congenital Esotropia
Authors: Stager David R , Weakley David R , Everett Mary , Birch Eileen E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The rate of delayed consecutive exotropia after bilateral 7-millimeter medial rectus recession for large angle congenital esotropia in 88 patients was 27% (24/88), larger than previously reported. The rate was 38% (8/21) in infants having surgery prior to 7 months of age, 20% (1 0/49) In infants undergoing surgery at 7 to 1 2 months of age, and 33% (6/18) in patients undergoing surgery at 13 months of age or later. The onset of consecutive exotropia averaged 26.8 months postoperatively, allowing a long period of good alignment for binocular vision to develop before exotropia surgery was required.
Physicians and parents should be aware that delayed consecutive exotropia may develop several years postoperatively. Since delayed consecutive exotropia may be characteristic of the 7-millimeter recession procedure or characteristic ol all patients who have had surgery lor congenital esotropia, a prospective long-term study to compare the 7-millimeter procedure with the three- and four-muscle procedure would be helpful.
Bovine Surfactant Therapy and Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: McGinnity F Gerry , Girschek Peter K , Morin J Donald , O'Donoghue Eamon P , Dunn Michael S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We reviewed the results of three randomized clinical trials of prophylactic bovine surfactant therapy on babies under 30 weeks gestational age to assess the effects of this treatment on the frequency and severity of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Of the 119 babies who received surfactant treatment, 54 (45.4%) had ROP compared to 33 (47.1%) of the 70 babies in the control group. Stage 2 ROP or greater was noted in 10 (8.4%) babies in the treatment group and in 10 (14.3%) of the untreated group. Prophylactic bovine surfactant replacement therapy does not have a significant effect on the frequency of ROP in preterm babies. The severity of ROP also appears to be unaffected by surfactant.