bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of an autoinflation device does not lead to a clinically meaningful change in hearing thresholds in children with otitis media with effusion
Authors: Cooper Hannah E. , Grifa Ilaria , Bryant Catriona 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDesignThe objective of this study was to establish whether autoinflation was an effective intervention in a paediatric audiology service. This was a pragmatic retrospective study with historical controls using a paired availability design.SettingThe study took place at a single paediatric audiology service in England.ParticipantsAll children seen in the clinic over a two‐year period who were aged between 3 and 11 years and who had a type B tympanogram in at least one ear were included. The Otovent autoinflation device was available as a treatment option over the second year (Cohort B) but not the first (Cohort A). There were 976 children included in the study: Cohort A comprised 513 children, Cohort B comprised 463 children.Main outcome measuresThe aims were to evaluate whether there was improvement in hearing thresholds following introduction of an autoinflation device, and whether there was a reduction in further audiology follow‐ups, and in referrals to an ear, nose and throat specialist for consideration of ventilation tube insertion.Results and conclusionsThere was a statistically significant improvement in hearing thresholds in Cohort B compared to Cohort A, however the improvements were clinically minimal with small effect sizes. There was no significant difference in improvement of tympanometry results between the two cohorts. Significantly more children in Cohort B (autoinflation group) were referred to an ear, nose and throat specialist after their second appointment compared to Cohort A.It was feasible to introduce autoinflation into the care pathway, however there was no evidence of clinically meaningful improved outcomes for patients.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of interventions to preserve insulin‐secreting β‐cell function in people newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes: Results from intervention studies aimed at improving glucose control
Authors: Narendran Parth , Tomlinson Claire , Beese Sophie , Sharma Pawana , Harris Isobel , Adriano Ada , Maggs Fiona , Burrows Martin , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah , Thomas Neil , Price Malcolm J. , Andrews Robert C. , Moore David J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsType 1 diabetes is characterised by the destruction of pancreatic β‐cells. Significant levels of β‐cells remain at diagnosis. Preserving these cells improves glucose control and protects from long‐term complications. We undertook a systematic review and meta‐analyses of all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions to preserve β‐cell function in people newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. This paper reports the results of interventions for improving glucose control to assess whether they preserve β‐cell function.MethodsSearches for RCTs in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry. Eligible studies included newly diagnosed patients with type 1 diabetes, any intervention to improve glucose control and at least 1 month of follow‐up. Data were extracted using a pre‐defined data‐extraction sheet with 10% of extractions checked by a second reviewer.ResultsTwenty‐eight studies with 1662 participants were grouped by intervention into six subgroups (alternative insulins, subcutaneous and intravenous insulin delivery, intensive therapy, glucose sensing, adjuncts). Only three studies demonstrated an improvement in glucose control as well as β‐cell function. These interventions included intensive insulin therapy and use of an alternative insulin.ConclusionsThis is the largest comprehensive review of RCTs in this area. It demonstrates a lack of robust evidence that interventions to improve glucose control preserve β‐cell function in new onset type 1 diabetes, although analysis was hampered by low‐quality evidence and inconsistent reporting of studies. Development of guidelines to support the design of trials in this field is a priority.
The evaluation of efficacy of atmospheric pressure plasma in diabetic ulcers healing: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Samsavar Shirin , Mahmoudi HamidReza , Shakouri Reza , Khani Mohammad Reza , Molavi Behnam , Moosavi Jamal , Daneshpazhooh Maryam , Etesami Ifa , Shokri Babak 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) as a novel therapy for diabetic foot ulcers. This was an investigator‐blinded, randomized controlled trial of 14 weeks (6 weeks of treatment and 8 weeks of follow‐up). Twenty patients with diabetic foot ulcers were divided into two groups: the control group receiving standard wound care and the plasma group, which received CAP twice a week for six consecutive weeks in addition to standard wound care. The ulcer size, amount of exudate, and wound grading were determined weekly. Cold plasma was produced by applying a high voltage (4.5 kV) and a high frequency (22 kHz) to helium gas. Exudate from wounds treated with CAP showed a significant reduction in the third week after complete treatment (p = 0.039). The wound grading of the ulcers improved by the sixth week (p = 0.019), and the sizes of ulcers significantly decreased in the plasma group at the end of the treatment period (p = 0.007). In this randomized clinical trial, CAP was an effective treatment option for diabetic foot ulcers in terms of wound surface reduction and antibacterial effects.
A more just union: Euro‐dividend or reinsurance?
Authors: Sangiovanni Andrea 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhat principles of social justice apply to the European Union? This paper has three parts that together challenge Philippe Van Parijs's most recent proposals for how to think about justice in Europe. For Van Parijs, the EU represents an opportunity to begin globalizing a universal basic income that should, in time, be extended to the whole planet. In the first part of this paper, I recapitulate Van Parijs's main line of argument. In the second, I query the philosophical grounds for Van Parijs's argument that the EU must become a fully‐fledged federal transfer union—a union, that is, that aims to attain an egalitarian distribution across all European citizens taken as individuals (rather than as members of nation‐states). In the third, I challenge whether a European Basic Income—the euro‐dividend—would work, as a policy, in quite the way envisaged by Van Parijs. I then conclude with some implications for how to think about justice for the EU.
Use of real‐world evidence in translational pharmacology research
Authors: Charvériat Mathieu , Darmoni Stephan J. , Lafon Vincent , Moore Nicholas , Bordet Régis , Veys Julien , Mouthon Franck ,   SFPT Translational Research in Pharmacology group
Published: October 2021

AbstractReal‐world evidence (RWE) refers to observational data gathered outside the formalism of randomized controlled trials, in real life situations, on marketed drugs. While clinical trials are the gold standards to demonstrate the efficacy and tolerability of a medicinal product, the generalizability of their results to actual use in real‐life is limited by the biases induced by the very nature of clinical trials; indeed, the patients included in the trials may differ from actual users because of their concomitant diseases or treatments, or other factors excluding them from the trials. Clinical researchers and pharmaceutical industries have hence become increasingly interested in expanding and integrating RWE into clinical research, by capitalizing on the exponential growth in access to data from electronic health records, claims databases, electronic devices, software or mobile applications, registries embedded in clinical practice and social media. Meanwhile, applications of RWE may also be used for drug discovery and repurposing, for clinical developments and post‐marketing studies. The aim of this review is to provide our opinion regarding the use of RWE in translational research, including non‐clinical and clinical pharmacology research, at the different step of drugs development use.
Development of spark plasma sintered conductive SiC–TiB2 composites for electrical discharge machining applications
Authors: Chodisetti Surya Prakasarao , Malik V. K. , Kumar B. Venkata Manoj 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHighly dense electrically conductive silicon carbide (SiC)–(0, 10, 20, and 30 vol%) titanium boride (TiB2) composites with 10 vol% of Y2O3–AlN additives were fabricated at a relatively low temperature of 1800°C by spark plasma sintering in nitrogen atmosphere. Phase analysis of sintered composites reveals suppressed β→α phase transformation due to low sintering temperature, nitride additives, and nitrogen sintering atmosphere. With increase in TiB2 content, hardness increased from 20.6 to 23.7 GPa and fracture toughness increased from 3.6 to 5.5 MPa m1/2. The electrical conductivity increased to a remarkable 2.72 × 103 (Ω cm)–1 for SiC–30 vol% TiB2 composites due to large amount of conductive reinforcement, additive composition, and sintering in nitrogen atmosphere. The successful electrical discharge machining illustrates potential of the sintered SiC–TiB2 composites toward extending the application regime of conventional SiC‐based ceramics.
Implications of COVID‐19 Regulations for People With Visual and Intellectual Disabilities: Lessons to Learn From Visiting Restrictions
Authors: Honingh Aline K. , Koelewijn Angelique , Veneberg Bert , ter Horst Francis , Sterkenburg Paula S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundDue to the COVID‐19 pandemic, governments of many countries announced regulations to prevent the virus from spreading. For people with a disability living in a sheltered care facility in the Netherlands, this meant that they were not able to receive any visitors for almost 3 months.AimThis study examines how people with an intellectual and visual disability and their families experienced the period in which it was mandated not to have any physical contact. The aim is to examine the experiences of this target group and gain insight in the way measures were taken in order to be able to advise care organizations about adequate care with respect to possible restrictive measures in the future.MethodsIn‐depth interviews were conducted with two groups of people: (1) fourteen people with an intellectual and visual disability, living in sheltered care facilities and (2) twelve people being relatives of residents of these same sheltered care facilities. In the interviews, the participants were questioned about their experiences with respect to the adjusted visiting regulations and with respect to the relation with their family during this period. A thematic analysis was performed first separately and then combined.Results and DiscussionA number of themes resulted from the analysis that were related to (1) the instructed regulations of the sheltered care facilities and the government; (2) the relation with family and friends; and (3) the consequences of COVID‐19 and the regulations. Both relatives and residents were understanding of the difficult situation, but also expressed criticism about the chosen regulations, the communication thereof, and the practical implementation. Both groups have experienced the interruption of close contact as emotional and difficult. However, also positive consequences of the restrictions due to COVID‐19 were mentioned. The results provide a list of recommendations for sheltered care facilities.
A German online survey of people who have experienced sleep paralysis
Authors: Mayer Gerhard , Fuhrmann Max 
Published: October 2021

SummaryWe present some key findings from an online survey on isolated sleep paralysis. The aim of our study was to get a differentiated picture of the correlation between the frequency of sleep paralysis and several phenomena (symptoms, experiences) as well as factors correlated with these phenomena. We also investigated the role of gender in relation to the experience of sleep paralysis. We used a selected sample of subjects who had had at least one sleep paralysis experience, with a total of 380 subjects. On average, the participants experienced 10–20 sleep paralysis episodes. We found high and expected positive correlations between the frequency of sleep paralysis experiences and the amount of phenomena, emotions, and perceived shapes and forms experienced during sleep paralysis. An increased frequency of sleep paralysis also appears to lead to habituation and de‐dramatization in some affected individuals. Interestingly, significant correlations are missing where one would have suspected them based on the previous hypotheses. Neither self‐perceived general stress nor poor sleep hygiene appeared to influence the frequency of sleep paralysis. We found highly significant gender differences in some items. Women reported more experienced phenomena and emotions overall, had more frequent sleep paralysis experiences of theintruderandincubustype, and were significantly more likely to perceive concrete forms such as human figures or people they know. They were also more likely than men to report experiencing fearful emotions, especially the fear of going crazy. Most of these findings were based on exploratory questions; they require replication for validation.
Dynamic Effects of the Third Generation Bisphosphonate of Risedronate on Rat Osteoporotic Fractures for Clinical Usage Guidance
Authors: Ke Cheng‐hui , Li Hong‐yun , Yang Dan , Ying Hao , Xu Jun , Wang Jian , Zhu Hong‐wen , Wang Lin 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo better understand the risks of bisphosphonates in order to develop guidance for appropriate clinical usage, to compared femoral fracture healing at different time points and to explore the effects of Residronate on fracture healing.MethodsOsteoporosis model was achieved by ovariectomy surgery, followed by surgical incision of left femoral shaft 4 weeks after ovariectomy surgery. Three days after fracture surgery, risedronateor saline was fed by intragastric administration. X ray examination was used to check the callus formation, Bone Mineral Density (BMD), Bone Mineral Content (BMC), biomechanical, imaging and micromorphological of bone tissue as well as the trabecular bone parameters were all examined. The femoral pathology tissue of each rat was used to analyze trabecular bone parameters, including trabecular bone volume/tissue volume (Tb. BV/TV), bone surface to tissue volume ratio (BS/TV), trabecular bone mineral density (Tb. BMD), trabecular bone number (Tb. N), trabecular bone thickness (Tb. Th) and small bone Trabecular bone space (Tb. Sp).ResultsVia X‐ray and pathologically, risedronate treatment promoted the callus forming at the fracture site during the following 6 weeks after osteoporotic fracture by X‐ray (P < 0.01), increased the local bone mineral density (P < 0.01), and accelerated the fracture healing during the first 3 weeks (P <0.01), but delayed facture healing in the later 3 weeks (P < 0.01). Risedronate increased the bone continuity of fracture at 7th week, but this phenomenon was not found at the 10th week (P < 0.01). Delayed fracture healing occurred locally at the fracture site. At 7th week, Risedronate may promote cartilage cells proliferating at fracture site, increase the dense of bone trabeculae and the connection of bone trabeculae, thicken the bone cortex showing better fracture healing than OPF‐Saline groups (P < 0.01). However, these parameter did not continue during the 7th and 10th weeks. Comparing the first and the later 3 weeks, the rats in group Osteoporotic Fracture‐Risedronate (OPF‐RD) accelerated the local fracture healing in the first 3 weeks but not in the last 3 weeks, which is consistent for the BMD and BMC among each group (P < 0.05). Through evaluation of bone mineral density and bone mineral content, risedronate dramatically increased the BMD at the fracture site and resulted in reduction of BMC by risedronate at the fracture site (P < 0.05) among each group still exist, indicating dramatic (P < 0.05). Through load testing, Risedronate increased the structural strength and mechanical indexes of the new callus (P < 0.01).ConclusionRisedronate can improve the structural strength and mechanical index of newborn callus. Longer than 7 weeks usage of third generation bisphosphonate of risedronate does not contribute to osteoporotic fracture.
Prevalence of gastric hypomotility after additional cryoballoon ablation of the left atrial roof
Authors: Shigeta Takatoshi , Yamauchi Yasuteru , Oda Atsuhito , Tachibana Shinichi , Hirao Tatsuhiko , Nakamura Rena , Yoshida Hiroshi , Okishige Kaoru , Goya Masahiko , Sasano Tetsuo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionGastric hypomotility (GH) is a major complication of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. We aimed to clarify whether additional cryoballoon ablation (CBA) of the left atrial (LA) roof is associated with GH.Methods and ResultsThis study included 54 patients with non‐paroxysmal AF who underwent CBA for pulmonary vein isolation and of the LA roof line. GH was defined according to the results of esophagogastroscopy performed 2 days after ablation. GH was observed in 10 patients. There were significant differences in LA diameter (LAD), right inferior pulmonary vein (RIPV) diameter, and the height of the LA roof from the point where the LA posterior wall and esophagus make contact between patients with (GH+) and without GH (GH–) (LAD: 41.0 [36.3–41.8] mm vs. 46.5 [42.8–50.0] mm, p < .01; RIPV diameter: 19.7 [19.0–20.5] mm vs. 23.2 [21.2–24.9] mm, p < .01; height of LA roof: 5.7 [5.1–6.1] mm vs. 8.8 [7.1–11.2] mm for, p < .01, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that LA roof height was a predictor of GH. Moreover, Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders‐Symptom Severity Index (PAGI‐SYM) scores increased significantly 1 week after ablation (from 1.0 [0.0–2.8] to 5.0 [3.0–11.0], p = .03) in patients with GH.ConclusionThe height of the LA roof may be a predictor of GH after CBA of the LA roof line. Additionally, GH‐related symptoms may still appear 1 week after ablation.
The m6A reader MhYTP2 regulates MdMLO19 mRNA stability and antioxidant genes translation efficiency conferring powdery mildew resistance in apple
Authors: Guo Tianli , Liu Changhai , Meng Fanxin , Hu Liu , Fu Xiaomin , Yang Zehua , Wang Na , Jiang Qi , Zhang Xiuzhi , Ma Fengwang 
Published: October 2021

SummaryN6‐methyladenosine (m6A) reader protein plays an important role in trichome morphology, developmental timing and morphogenesis in Arabidopsis. However, the function of m6A readers in plant‐microbe interaction remains unclear. Here, a Malus YTH‐domain family protein MhYTP2 was initially characterized as an m6A reader. MhYTP2 overexpression increased mRNA m6A modification level and translation efficiency. The m6A in the exon regions appeared to destabilize the mRNAs, whereas m6A in the untranslated regions positively correlated with the associated mRNA abundance. MhYTP2 overexpression enhanced apple powdery mildew resistance, possibly by rapidly degrading the bound mRNAs of MdMLO19 and MdMLO19‐X1 and improving the translation efficiency of the antioxidant genes. To conclude, the results shed light on the apple m6A profile, the effect of MhYTP2 on m6A profile, and the m6A roles in MdMLO19 and MdMLO19‐X1 mRNAs stability and glutamate dehydrogenase 1‐like MdGDH1L mRNA translation efficiency.
Cover Image
Authors: Nolan Rachael H. , Collins Luke , Leigh Andy , Ooi Mark K.J. , Curran Timothy J. , Fairman Thomas A. , Resco de Dios Víctor , Bradstock Ross 
Published: October 2021

The cover image is based on the Invited Review Limits to post‐fire vegetation recovery under climate change by Rachael H. Nolan et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.14176.
image
Detection and Quantification of UV‐irradiation‐induced DNA Damages by Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry and Immunoassay†
Authors: Lai Weiyi , Wang Hailin 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTSolar ultraviolet (UV)‐induced DNA lesions are associated with skin carcinogenesis. The detection of these DNA lesions is important to understand their genotoxicity and health effects. However, sunlight exposure‐relevant DNA damage measurement is still a challenge. Here, we summarize our recent progresses on the related analytical techniques, including synthesis of dimeric lesions, the optimization of procedures for ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography–coupled mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐MS/MS), and the maturation of anti‐T(6‐4)T photoproduct antibodies and their potential applications for immunoassay.
The value of human values: The importance of government performance towards security
Authors: Patrício Lurdes , Figueiredo Natália , Gouveia Rodrigues Ricardo , Silva Rui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study investigates whether there is an influence of welfare values on the importance of Government being Strong and Ensuring Security (GSES). Based on secondary data obtained from the European Social Survey database, gathered in 2016 (N = 44.387), eighth round, to measure the 10 values from Schwartz's study in 1992, value theory, containing responses from 23 countries. A linear model regression was used to obtain a parsimonious model that could explain the dependent variable GSES by independent variables benevolence, universalism and self‐direction, power and achievement, conformity, tradition and security and hedonism and stimulation. All dimensions were statistically significant to explain the dependent variable. This study contributes to a reconfiguration of values circumplex developed by Schwartz's study in 1992, adding a new layer that reflects each factor's importance weight, centred on explaining the importance of GSES.
Entangled histories of place and reconfigurations of diasporic home: Al‐Andalus history and the Moroccan diaspora in Granada, Spain
Authors: Finlay Robin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, I contribute to scholarship on diasporic geographies of home and develop ideas around “diaspora transregions” and “diaspora cities.” To do this, I examine Moroccan diaspora formations in the city of Granada in the south of Spain. I utilise the spatiality and history of Granada to reveal complex interpretations of diasporic home. In particular, I examine how the Muslim history of Al‐Andalus – which is intimately embedded in the urban landscape of Granada and also entangled into the history of the wider region – impacts on Moroccan diaspora consciousness. This involves examining how histories and geographies of Al‐Andalus are interpreted and experienced by those in the Moroccan diaspora, which in this analysis is a diasporic population primarily from northern Morocco. I analyse four intersecting impacts of history and place, including nostalgia and imagined geographies, religious and genealogical links to Granada and the wider region, identification with culture and the built environment, and finally the ambivalence of history on belonging. What this examination reveals is that the history of Al‐Andalus and an identification with historical circular migrations between northern Morocco and southern Spain can engender a sense of being part of multiple diasporic journeys and settlements, and subsequently a ‘homing desire’ to multiple spaces. A key contribution here is the illustration of how entangled urban and regional histories can reconfigure more normative notions of the diaspora condition. Diasporic connections to deep histories of place and migration can rework senses of home and refute notions of a linear homing desire to a singular nation‐state. This demonstrates that diasporic belongings are not always limited to the parameters of the nation, but rather are informed by the intersections of urban and regional cultures, religions, and histories.