bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Preliminary Study on the Formation of the General Layouts on the Northern Neighborhood Community Based on GauGAN Diversity Output Generator
Authors: Pan Yuzhe , Qian Jin , Hu Yingdong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecently, the mainstream gradually has become replacing neighborhood-style communities with high-density residences. The original pleasant scale and enclosed residential spaces have been broken, and the traditional neighborhood relations are going away. This research uses machine learning to train the model to generate a new plan, which is used in today’s residential design. First, in order to obtain a better generation effect, this study extracts the transcendental information of the neighborhood community in north of China, using roads, buildings etc. as morphological representations; GauGAN, compared to the pix2pix and pix2pixHD, used by predecessors, can achieve a clearer and a more diversified output and also fit irregular contours more realistically. ANN model trained by 167 general layout samples of a neighborhood community in north of China from 1950s to 1970s can generate various general layouts in different shapes and scales. The experiment proves that GauGAN is more suitable for general layout generation than pix2pix (pix2pixHD); Distributed training can improve the clarity of the generation and allow later vectorization to be more convenient.
Collection to Creation: Playfully Interpreting the Classics with Contemporary Tools
Authors: Herruzo Ana , Pashenkov Nikita 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper details an experimental project developed in an academic and pedagogical environment, aiming to bring together visual arts and computer science coursework in the creation of an interactive installation for a live event at The J. Paul Getty Museum. The result incorporates interactive visuals based on the user’s movements and facial expressions, accompanied by synthetic texts generated using machine learning algorithms trained on the museum’s art collection. Special focus is paid to how advances in computing such as Deep Learning and Natural Language Processing can contribute to deeper engagement with users and add new layers of interactivity.
Pipes of AI – Machine Learning Assisted 3D Modeling Design
Authors: Liu Chuan , Shen Jiaqi , Ren Yue , Zheng Hao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStyle transfer is a design technique that is based on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, which is an innovative way to generate new images with the intervention of style images. The output image will carry the characteristic of style image and maintain the content of the input image. However, the design technique is employed in generating 2D images, which has a limited range in practical use. Thus, the goal of the project is to utilize style transfer as a toolset for architectural design and find out the possibility for a 3D modeling design. To implement style transfer into the research, floor plans of different heights are selected from a given design boundary and set as the content images, while a framework of a truss structure is set as the style image. Transferred images are obtained after processing the style transfer neural network, then the geometric images are translated into floor plans for new structure design. After the selection of the tilt angle and the degree of density, vertical components that connecting two adjacent layers are generated to be the pillars of the structure. At this stage, 2D style transferred images are successfully transformed into 3D geometries, which can be applied to the architectural design processes. Generally speaking, style transfer is an intelligent design tool that provides architects with a variety of choices of idea-generating. It has the potential to inspire architects at an early stage of design with not only 2D but also 3D format.
Optimization and Prediction of Design Variables Driven by Building Energy Performance—A Case Study of Office Building in Wuhan
Authors: Li Jingyi , Chen Hong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis research focuses on the energy performance of office building in Wuhan. The research explored and predicted the optimal solution of design variables by Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm (MIGA) and RBF Artificial neural networks (RBF-ANNs). Research analyzed the cluster centers of design variable by K-means cluster method. In the study, the RBF-ANNs model was established by 1,000 simulation cases. The RMSE (root mean square error) of the RBF-ANNs model in different energy aspects does not exceed 15%. Comparing to the reference case (the largest energy consumption case in the optimization), the 214 elite cases in RBF-ANNs model save at least 37.5% energy. By the cluster centers of the design variables in the elite cases, the study summarized the benchmark of 14 design variables and also suggested a building energy guidance for Wuhan office building design.
Material Disruption
Authors: Spyropoulos Mary , Andrasek Alisa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the role of computational simulation of material processes with robotics fabrication, with the intent of examining its implications for architectural design and construction. Simulation techniques have been adopted in the automotive industry amongst others, advancing their design and manufacturing outputs. At present, architecture is yet to explore the full potential of this technology and their techniques. The need for simulation is evident in exploring the behaviours of materials and their relative properties. Currently, there is a distinct disconnect between the virtual model and its fabricated counterpart. Through research in simulation, we can begin to understand and clearly visualize the relationship between material behaviours and properties that can lead to a closer correlation between the digital design and its fabricated outcome. As the first phase of investigation, the material of clay is used due to its volatile qualities embedded within the material behaviour. The input geometry is constrained to rudimentary extruded forms in order to not obscure the behaviour of the material, but rather allow for it to drive the machine-making process.
Cyborgian Approach of Eco-interaction Design Based on Machine Intelligence and Embodied Experience
Authors: Yi Guyi , Di Carlo Ilaria 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe proliferation of digital technology has swelled the amount of time people spent in cyberspace and weakened our sensibility of the physical world. Human beings in this digital era are already cyborgs as the smart devices have become an integral part of our life. Imagining a future where human totally give up mobile phones and embrace nature is neither realistic nor reasonable. What we should aim to explore is the opportunities and capabilities of digital technology in terms of fighting against its own negative effect - cyber addiction, and working as a catalyst that re-embeds human into outdoor world.Cyborgian systems behave through embedded intelligence in the environment and discrete wearable devices for human. In this way, cyborgian approach enables designers to take advantages of digital technologies to achieve two objectives: one is to improve the quality of environment by enhancing our understanding of non-human creatures; the other is to encourage a proper level of human participation without disturbing eco-balance.Finally, this paper proposed a cyborgian eco-interaction design model which combines top-down and bottom-up logics and is organized by the Internet of Things, so as to provide a possible solution to the concern that technologies are isolating human and nature.
Demonstration of background rejection using deep convolutional neural networks in the NEXT experiment
Authors:   The NEXT collaboration, Kekic M. , Adams C. , Woodruff K. , Renner J. , Church E. , Del Tutto M. , Hernando Morata J. A. , Gómez-Cadenas J. J. , Álvarez V. , Arazi L. , Arnquist I. J. , Azevedo C. D. R. , Bailey K. , Ballester F. , Benlloch-Rodríguez J. M. , Borges F. I. G. M. , Byrnes N. , Cárcel S. , Carrión J. V. , Cebrián S. , Conde C. A. N. , Contreras T. , Díaz G. , Díaz J. , Diesburg M. , Escada J. , Esteve R. , Felkai R. , Fernandes A. F. M. , Fernandes L. M. P. , Ferrario P. , Ferreira A. L. , Freitas E. D. C. , Generowicz J. , Ghosh S. , Goldschmidt A. , González-Díaz D. , Guenette R. , Gutiérrez R. M. , Haefner J. , Hafidi K. , Hauptman J. , Henriques C. A. O. , Herrero P. , Herrero V. , Ifergan Y. , Jones B. J. P. , Labarga L. , Laing A. , Lebrun P. , López-March N. , Losada M. , Mano R. D. P. , Martín-Albo J. , Martínez A. , Martínez-Lema G. , Martínez-Vara M. , McDonald A. D. , Meziani Z.-E. , Monrabal F. , Monteiro C. M. B. , Mora F. J. , Muñoz Vidal J. , Novella P. , Nygren D. R. , Palmeiro B. , Para A. , Pérez J. , Querol M. , Redwine A. B. , Ripoll L. , Rodríguez García Y. , Rodríguez J. , Rogers L. , Romeo B. , Romo-Luque C. , Santos F. P. , dos Santos J. M. F. , Simón A. , Sofka C. , Sorel M. , Stiegler T. , Toledo J. F. , Torrent J. , Usón A. , Veloso J. F. C. A. , Webb R. , Weiss-Babai R. , White J. T. , Yahlali N. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are widely used state-of-the-art computer vision tools that are becoming increasingly popular in high-energy physics. In this paper, we attempt to understand the potential of CNNs for event classification in the NEXT experiment, which will search for neutrinoless double-beta decay in 136Xe. To do so, we demonstrate the usage of CNNs for the identification of electron-positron pair production events, which exhibit a topology similar to that of a neutrinoless double-beta decay event. These events were produced in the NEXT-White high-pressure xenon TPC using 2.6 MeV gamma rays from a 228Th calibration source. We train a network on Monte Carlo-simulated events and show that, by applying on-the-fly data augmentation, the network can be made robust against differences between simulation and data. The use of CNNs offers significant improvement in signal efficiency and background rejection when compared to previous non-CNN-based analyses.
Vertrauen der Bevölkerung in staatliche Institutionen im ersten Halbjahr der Coronapandemie: Erkenntnisse aus dem Projekt COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring (COSMO)
Authors: Eitze Sarah , Felgendreff Lisa , Korn Lars , Sprengholz Philipp , Allen Jennifer , Jenny Miriam A. , Wieler Lothar H. , Thaiss Heidrun , De Bock Freia , Betsch Cornelia 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In der Coronaviruspandemie nehmen 2 Institutionen eine zentrale Rolle in der evidenzbasierten Einordnung des Geschehens für Politik und Bevölkerung ein. Das Robert Koch-Institut (RKI) koordiniert die Pandemiebekämpfung, erstellt fundierte Empfehlungen für medizinisches Fachpersonal, die Medien sowie die Bevölkerung und berät die Politik. Die Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (BZgA) informiert die Bevölkerung und Institutionen.

Ziel der Arbeit
Mit dem COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring (COSMO) wird beobachtet, ob und wie sich das Vertrauen in Institutionen über die Pandemie verändert. Es wird untersucht, welche Bevölkerungsgruppen Vertrauen zeigen und wie dies mit Einstellungen, Risikowahrnehmung und Verhaltensweisen zusammenhängt.

Material und Methoden
In Querschnittstudien werden seit März 2020 die Risikowahrnehmung, das Verhalten und die Akzeptanz von Maßnahmen sowie das Vertrauen in Institutionen mit etwa N = 1000 Befragten pro Erhebung untersucht.

Ergebnisse
Das Vertrauen in RKI und BZgA war generell hoch, sank aber über den Verlauf der Pandemie. Höheres Vertrauen ging für beide Institutionen mit höherem Alter der Befragten, höherer Bildung, höherer Risikowahrnehmung und höherer Akzeptanz von Maßnahmen einher.
Verhaltensweisen wie Abstandhalten und Händewaschen wurden häufiger gezeigt. Männer und chronisch Erkrankte zeigten geringeres Vertrauen.

Diskussion
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Vertrauen weiter gefördert werden sollte. Dies könnte u. a. erreicht werden, indem in der Entwicklung und Begründung von Strategien und Maßnahmen auch die Sichtweise der Bevölkerung (z. B. durch COSMO) berücksichtigt wird. Kommunikationsstrategien und Handlungsempfehlungen sollten darauf abzielen, Personen mit hoher Risikowahrnehmung zu unterstützen und zu entlasten.
Ultra-low radiation dose protocol for CT-guided intrathecal nusinersen injections for patients with spinal muscular atrophy and severe scoliosis
Authors: Rosiak Grzegorz , Lusakowska Anna , Milczarek Krzysztof , Konecki Dariusz , Fraczek Anna , Rowinski Olgierd , Kostera-Pruszczyk Anna 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Intrathecal injection of nusinersen is an approved treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). CT-guided injection is a method of nusinersen administration in patients with severe scoliosis, in whom standard lumbar puncture is not feasible. The injections are repeated every 4 months for life, and accumulated radiation doses absorbed by the patient can increase the risk of cancer. In this study, we present the results of CT-guided intrathecal nusinersen injections with an ultra-low radiation dose protocol.

Methods
Eighteen patients (15 adults and three children) in whom standard lumbar puncture was not feasible due to severe scoliosis or spinal stabilization were included in this retrospective study. The first 23 injections were performed with a standard radiation dose protocol and the next 42 injections with an ultra-low-dose protocol. The radiation doses, measured as total dose length product (DLP), were acquired and compared between the protocols.

Results
Injections were successful in 100% of patients with both ultra-low-dose and standard protocols. The radiation dose, measured as DLP, was 111.2–1100.7 (Me = 248.1) mGy*cm for the standard protocol. For the ultra-low-dose protocol, the dose range was 5.0–54.4 (Me = 26.7) mGy*cm, which was significantly lower than with the standard protocol (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.67).

Conclusion
Radiation doses can be significantly decreased in the CT-guided injection of nusinersen. The proposed protocol allows for effective CT-guided intrathecal nusinersen administration in patients with SMA and severe scoliosis.
Activity of tumor-associated macrophage depletion by CSF1R blockade is highly dependent on the tumor model and timing of treatment
Authors: O’Brien Sarah A. , Orf Jessica , Skrzypczynska Katarzyna M. , Tan Hong , Kim Jennie , DeVoss Jason , Belmontes Brian , Egen Jackson G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are abundant in solid tumors where they exhibit immunosuppressive and pro-tumorigenic functions. Inhibition of TAM proliferation and survival through CSF1R blockade has been widely explored as a cancer immunotherapy. To further define mechanisms regulating CSF1R-targeted therapies, we systematically evaluated the effect of anti-CSF1R treatment on tumor growth and tumor microenvironment (TME) inflammation across multiple murine models. Despite substantial macrophage depletion, anti-CSF1R had minimal effects on the anti-tumor immune response in mice bearing established tumors. In contrast, anti-CSF1R treatment concurrent with tumor implantation resulted in more robust tumor growth inhibition and evidence of enhanced anti-tumor immunity. Our findings suggest only minor contributions of CSF1R-dependent TAMs to the inflammatory state of the TME in established tumors, that immune landscape heterogeneity across different tumor models can influence anti-CSF1R activity, and that alternative treatment schedules and/or TAM depletion strategies may be needed to maximize the clinical benefit of this approach.
Molecular Lymph Node Staging with One‐Step Nucleic Acid Amplification and its Prognostic Value for Patients with Colon Cancer: The First Follow‐up Study
Authors: Weixler Benjamin , Teixeira da Cunha Sofia , Warschkow René , Demartines Nicolas , Güller Ulrich , Zettl Andreas , Vahrmeijer Alexander , van de Velde Cornelis J. H. , Viehl Carsten T. , Zuber Markus 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundMolecular lymph node workup with one‐step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) is a validated diagnostic adjunct in breast cancer and also appealing for colon cancer (CC) staging. This study, for the first time, evaluates the prognostic value of OSNA in CC.Patients and methodsThe retrospective study includes patients with stage I‐III CC from three centres. Lymph nodes were investigated with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and with OSNA, applying a 250 copies/μL threshold of CK19 mRNA. Diagnostic value of H&E and OSNA was assessed by survival analysis, sensitivity, specificity and time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curves.ResultsEighty‐seven patients were included [mean follow‐up 53.4 months (± 24.9)]. Disease recurrence occurred in 16.1% after 19.8 months (± 12.3). Staging with H&E independently predicted worse cancer‐specific survival in multivariate analysis (HR = 10.77, 95% CI 1.07–108.7, p = 0.019) but not OSNA (HR = 3.08, 95% CI 0.26–36.07, p = 0.197). With cancer‐specific death or recurrence as gold standard, H&E sensitivity was 46.7% (95% CI 21.3–73.4%) and specificity 84.7% (95% CI 74.3–92.1%). OSNA sensitivity and specificity were 60.0% (95% CI 32.3–83.7%) and 75.0% (95% CI 63.4–84.5%), respectively.ConclusionsIn patients with CC, OSNA does not add relevant prognostic value to conventional H&E contrasting findings in other cancers. Further studies should assess lower thresholds for OSNA (< 250 copies/μL).
Summer circumpolar acoustic occurrence and call rates of Ross, Ommatophoca rossii, and leopard, Hydrurga leptonyx, seals in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Shabangu Fannie W. , Rogers Tracey L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTwo of the Antarctic pack ice seals, Ross,Ommatophoca rossii, and leopard,Hydrurga leptonyx,seals, are extremely difficult to study via traditional visual survey techniques, yet are ideal for an acoustic survey as they are highly vociferous and produce an array of underwater sounds during the austral summer. To determine their acoustic occurrence in the Antarctic pack ice, we use their calls, detected within 680 acoustic recordings made between 1999 and 2009 as part of two multinational programmes. Siren calls of Ross seals were detected mainly in January, and 9.88 calls per minute from low siren calls was the highest call rate for this species. High numbers of Ross seal calls were detected close to the ice edge in areas between 0° and 20° E and 60° and 130° E, suggesting these are important summer habitats. Leopard seal calls were detected mainly in December and January, and December had the highest percentage of calls. Call rate of 11.93 calls per minute from low double trills was the highest call rate for leopard seals. Leopard seal calls were detected throughout the Southern Ocean with more calls detected throughout the pack ice. There was little spatio-temporal overlap in call occurrence of Ross and leopard seals, but both species were more vocally active during the day. Longitude and latitude were the most important predictors of Ross seal occurrence, and month of the year highly predicted leopard seal occurrence. This is the first study to examine the circumpolar acoustic occurrence of Ross and leopard seals in the Southern Ocean pack ice.
Reliability of the MOCART (Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue) 2.0 knee score for different cartilage repair techniques—a retrospective observational study
Authors: Schreiner Markus M. , Raudner Marcus , Röhrich Sebastian , Zalaudek Martin , Weber Michael , Kaiser Georg , Aldrian Silke , Chiari Catharina , Windhager Reinhard , Trattnig Siegfried 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the reliability of the MOCART 2.0 knee score in the radiological assessment of repair tissue after different cartilage repair procedures.

Methods
A total of 114 patients (34 females) who underwent cartilage repair of a femoral cartilage lesion with at least one postoperative MRI examination were selected, and one random postoperative MRI examination was retrospectively included. Mean age was 32.5 ± 9.6 years at time of surgery. Overall, 66 chondral and 48 osteochondral lesions were included in the study. Forty-eight patients were treated with autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), 27 via osteochondral autologous transplantation, five using an osteochondral scaffold, and 34 underwent microfracture (MFX). The original MOCART and MOCART 2.0 knee scores were assessed by two independent readers. After a minimum 4-week interval, both readers performed a second reading of both scores. Inter- and intrarater reliabilities were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).

Results
The MOCART 2.0 knee score showed higher interrater reliability than the original MOCART score with an ICC of 0.875 versus 0.759, ranging from 0.863 in the MFX group to 0.878 in the ACI group. Intrarater reliability was good with an overall ICC of 0.860 and 0.866, respectively. Overall, interrater reliability was higher for osteochondral lesions than for chondral lesions, with ICCs of 0.906 versus 0.786.

Conclusions
The MOCART 2.0 knee score enables the assessment of cartilage repair tissue after different cartilage repair techniques (ACI, osteochondral repair techniques, MFX), as well as for different lesion types with good intra- and interrater reliability.

Key Points
• The MOCART 2.0 knee score provides improved intra- and interrater reliability when compared to the original MOCART score.
• The MOCART 2.0 knee score enables the assessment of cartilage repair tissue after different cartilage repair techniques (ACI, osteochondral repair techniques, MFX) with similarly good intra- and interrater reliability.
• The assessment of osteochondral lesions demonstrated better intra- and interrater reliability than the assessment of chondral lesions in this study.
Sneddon syndrome: a comprehensive clinical review of 53 patients
Authors: Starmans N. L. P. , van Dijk M. R. , Kappelle L. J. , Frijns C. J. M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The presence of livedo reticularis in patients with ischaemic stroke is associated with Sneddon syndrome (SS). Our objective was to present the clinical features of SS patients and to assess the role of antiphospholipid antibodies (APL).

Methods
Consecutive patients, diagnosed with SS between 1996 and 2017, were retrospectively reviewed for their demographic, neurological, dermatological, cardiac and extracerebral vascular features. Diagnosis of SS was made only if other causes of stroke were excluded. Patients with and without APL were included and compared for their clinical features.

Results
Fifty-three patients (79% female) were included, of whom 14 patients were APL-positive. Median age at diagnosis was 40 years. Approximately 60% of the patients had ≥ 3 cardiovascular risk factors. There were 129 previous vascular events (66 ischaemic strokes, 62 TIAs and 1 amaurosis fugax) during a median period of 2 years between the first event and diagnosis of SS. Skin biopsy was positive for SS in 29 patients (67%), mostly showing a thickened vessel wall with neovascularization in the deep dermis. After a median follow-up of 28 months, 4 patients, either on antiplatelet or oral anticoagulation therapy, had a recurrent stroke. There were few statistically significant differences between APL-negative and APL-positive patients, including the number of vascular events before diagnosis.

Conclusions
SS predominantly affects young women with a relatively large number of cardiovascular risk factors. Clinical features of SS are comparable across different studies. We found no differences in the main clinical features between APL-positive and APL-negative patients.