bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does international travel cause economic growth? Evidence from China's removal of travel restrictions on foreigners
Authors: Liu Chang , Zhou Li‐An 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInternational travel has been hypothesized to shape large cross‐country differences in productivity and income. However, evidence supporting this hypothesis, especially from developing countries, remains scarce. This paper fills this gap by studying a novel historical natural experiment—China's removal of travel restrictions on foreigners to designated Open‐to‐Foreigners‐Counties (OFCs). Utilizing the county‐by‐county rollout of the OFCs, we find that removing travel restrictions on foreigners led to a 7.4% increase in per capita industrial output for the OFCs in 1985–1991. The positive effects are larger in counties with more foreign equipment and greater industrial human capital. We highlight the role of person‐based international knowledge diffusion in the economic catch‐up of technology recipient countries.
Molecular characterization and aggressiveness of the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex from Eucalyptus spp. in Brazil
Authors: Freitas Rodrigo G. , Hermenegildo Pollyane S. , Guimarães Lúcio M. S. , Zauza Edival A. V. , Badel Jorge L. , Alfenas Acelino C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBacterial wilt, one of the world's most destructive diseases in many crops, including eucalypt, is caused by four distinct phylogenetic lineages of the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex, recently classified in three distinct species: R. solanacearum (phylotype II), R. pseudosolanacearum (phylotype I and III) and R. syzygii (phylotype IV). In this study, we characterized 93 Ralstonia isolates obtained from eucalypt grown in different Brazilian regions using phylotype and sequevar designations and genomic fingerprinting with BOX‐PCR. In addition, we evaluated the aggressiveness of a select group of isolates in two eucalypt clones differing in resistance. We found that 89 isolates belong to R. solanacearum (phylotype II) and four to R. pseudosolanacearum (phylotype I). Unlike R. pseudosolanacearum, R. solanacearum was phylogenetically diverse and no correlation was found between sequevar and geographic origin. Most isolates grouped with reference isolates of phylotype IIA sequevar 41, whereas a few others clustered in phylotype IIB, mainly sequevar 4NPB, which is an emergent variant described affecting eucalypt for the first time. Isolates of R. solanacearum phylotype IIB were less aggressive to clone CLR371 (susceptible) whereas the R. pseudosolanacearum isolate tested was the only one pathogenic to the CLR172 (resistant) clone. Isolate aggressiveness varied between the eucalypt clones tested. The results of this study reinforce the importance of conducting molecular and aggressiveness characterization of the pathogen population to develop management strategies aimed at the deployment of host resistance in eucalypt breeding programmes.
Taller adult height is associated with better performance of cognitive trajectories in Chinese over 45 years old: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: Luo Lan , Xie Fangfei , Wang Yun , Qin Li‐Qiang , Yin Jie‐Yun , Wan Zhongxiao 
Published: June 2021

AimThe association between adult height and follow‐up cognition requires an update in China. We aimed to examine the association between baseline height and follow‐up cognitive trajectories in Chinese subjects from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).MethodsA total of 6508 adults aged 45 years or older from the CHARLS were included for analysis. Latent class growth modeling was used to determine cognitive trajectories of 2011, 2013 and 2015. Multivariable linear regression and logistic regression models were used to examine the association between baseline adult height and cognitive performance and trajectories, respectively.ResultsAt baseline, an increment of 1 SD (8.3 cm) of height was associated with a higher global cognitive score (β = 0.492, 95% CI, 0.348–0.636), verbal episodic memory (β = 0.155, 95% CI, 0.086–0.224) and mental status (β = 0.337, 95% CI, 0.225–0.449). These associations were still observed even when stratified by sex. Prospectively, for females, the third quartile of height level (i.e., 155 to 158 cm) was associated with a better global cognitive function trajectory (OR = 1.627, P = 0.001, P for trend = 0.009) and mental status trajectory (OR = 1.456, P = 0.012, P for trend = 0.047); and the tallest height level (i.e., 159 cm or taller) was related to a better verbal episodic memory trajectory (OR = 1.574, P = 0.017). For males, no associations were observed.ConclusionIncreased stature might be associated with better cognitive trajectories for subjects in China. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 732–740.
Effect of addition of distraction to cryotherapy on arteriovenous cannulation‐associated pain: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Abunab Hamzeh Y. , Alzaatreh Mohammad Y. , Abdalrahim Maysoon S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionPain associated with the arteriovenous fistula needle is considered one of the major challenges faced by nurses and patients. This study evaluates the effectiveness of using two different approaches in combination to alleviate pain associated with arteriovenous fistula needle cannulation, and patients' satisfaction level with this method.MethodsA randomized clinical trial was conducted on hemodialysis patients who were allocated to one to two groups: intervention (distraction plus cryotherapy) (n = 25) or control group (receiving cryotherapy alone) (n = 25). The pain level was assessed before and at the end of applying cryotherapy and distraction techniques. Patients' satisfaction level was assessed at the end of the trial.FindingsAfter the application of cryotherapy and distraction techniques for the intervention group, the mean value of pain level was 2.12 (0.9) compared with 3.92 (0.16) for the control group. Independent t tests showed a significant difference between groups regarding the pain level with p value less than 0.05. The mean satisfaction level for the participants receiving only cryotherapy was 4.6 out of 10, compared with 5.9 for the patients who received cryotherapy and distraction techniques.DiscussionThe findings revealed that using two different approaches in combination to control pain associated with AV fistula cannulation was more effective than using a single strategy. The technique can be used in clinical settings to reduce pain and improve patients' satisfaction level.
Ultrafast synthesis and densification of ZrO2 doped KNN ceramics by reactive flash sintering
Authors: Su Xinghua , Jiao Zhihua , Fu Mengying , An Gai , Wu Yajuan , Tian Qiang , Xu Pan , Wu Weiwei , Chang Xuwen , Liu Jiarui 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFabrication of dense KNN‐based lead‐free piezoelectric ceramics at low temperatures in short time through a cost‐effective way remains a challenge. Herein, this challenge could be addressed by using reactive flash sintering. It is demonstrated that the phase transformation of KNbO3‐NaNbO3 into (K,Na)NbO3 and densification occur simultaneously during the flash event. Most importantly, ZrO2 doping can greatly decrease the onset flash temperature, which is ascribed to the increased conductivity of sample. In addition, the current limit has a significant effect on the phase transformation and densification. The flash‐sintered KNN ceramics exhibit the good ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties. Furthermore, the ZrO2 doped and undoped KNN ceramics show a comparable coercive field Ec, which may be related to the residual point defects after the flash. Besides the Joule heating, the avalanche generation of point defects is suggested to be responsible for the ultrafast solid‐state reaction and densification rates.
Intercultural and linguistic competences for engineering ESP classes: A didactic framework proposal through problem‐based learning
Authors: Fielden Burns Laura Victoria , Rico García Mercedes 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGlobal competencies are crucial for societies to progress in a changing world. Beyond the specific language skills needed to be integrated into an international workforce, individuals should also develop the capacity to analyze and understand intercultural issues in their fields. In light of this, our paper firstly aims to pilot a problem‐based learning (PBL) proposal around a cultural critical incident for design engineers to develop intercultural and linguistic competences in an ESP engineering course. A secondary objective investigates how the project raises students’ awareness about cultural factors in product design. The results point to PBL as a method which enables instructors to integrate intercultural and linguistic skills in engineering programs, where students’ awareness of cultural factors can be increased through problem‐solving teamwork on critical incidents.
Best of both worlds: digital health and nursing together for healthier communities
Authors: Troncoso Erica Lorrie , Breads Jennifer 
Published: June 2021

AimThis manuscript offers a set of practical recommendations to the nursing and digital health communities in order to achieve a common vision of nurses fully engaged with and leading digital health solutions for universal health coverage.BackgroundNurses comprise the largest occupation of health workers in the world and play a central role in efforts to achieve Sustainable Development Goals. Nevertheless, though they are essential to delivering health care, nursing voices are too often absent in the design and implementation of new technology and digital health advances. The World Health Organization recognizes digital health as a critical catalyst for advancing universal health coverage and the aims of the Sustainable Development Goals. Therefore, the use of digital health by nurses is globally recommended as a channel of practice to strengthen nursing services and allow practitioners to significantly improve health outcomes.Sources of EvidenceWebsites of the World Health Organization, United Nations, peer‐reviewed research search engines, as well as the experiences of both authors.DiscussionDigital health is transforming the entirety of the healthcare provision system and these systemic changes require engagement, leadership and championing from nurses.Conclusion and Implications for Nursing Practice and PolicyBoth the nursing and digital health communities have much to gain from each other and can be stronger together. The authors offer a set of practical recommendations for both the nursing and digital health communities to implement to optimize mutual efforts towards achieving universal health coverage.
How do nurses spend their time? A time and motion analysis of nursing activities in an internal medicine unit
Authors: Michel Olivia , Garcia Manjon Alberto‐José , Pasquier Jérôme , Ortoleva Bucher Claudia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo describe the nature and duration of nursing activities and how much time registered nurses allocate to the different dimensions of their scope of practice in a Swiss university hospital internal medicine ward.DesignA single‐centre observational descriptive study.MethodUsing a time and motion study, two researchers shadowed healthcare workers (N = 21) during 46 complete work shifts in 2018. They recorded each activity observed in real time using a tablet computer with a pre‐registered list of 42 activities classified into 13 dimensions.ResultsA total of 507.5 work hours were observed. Less than one third of registered nurses’ work time was spent with patients. They allocated the most time to the dimensions of ‘communication and care coordination’ and ‘care planning’, whereas ‘optimizing the quality and safety of care’, ‘integrating and supervising staff’ and ‘client education’ were allocated the least time.ConclusionThis study provided a reliable description of nurses’ time use at work. It highlighted suboptimal use of the full scope of nursing practice.ImpactBoth work organization and culture should be reconsidered to promote better use of nursing skills. Practice optimization should focus on the following three main areas: (1) greater involvement of registered nurses in building relationships and directly caring for patients and their families; (2) better use of registered nurses’ skills in the activities required of their proper roles, including nursing clinical assessments and patient education and (3) more systematically updating registered nurses’ knowledge.
Ontogeny, phylogeny and mechanisms of adaptive changes in evaporative water loss in geckos
Authors: Hlubeň Martin , Kratochvíl Lukáš , Gvoždík Lumír , Starostová Zuzana 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBody size dependence of metabolic rate, body surface and scale morphology complicate disentangling the contribution of these characteristics to adaptive changes in total evaporative water loss (TEWL) of reptiles. To separate adaptive changes from size‐related dependence, we compared intra‐ and interspecific scaling of several candidate traits in eyelid geckos (Eublepharidae), a group exhibiting large variation in body size and TEWL. The intraspecific allometry of TEWL of a eublepharid species fits the geometric surface–mass relationship. However, evolutionary shifts to both higher and lower evaporation were strongly correlated with habitat aridity and cannot be explained by shifts in body size alone. The intraspecific allometry of standard metabolic rate is nearly the same as the interspecific allometry. Unlike for mammals and birds, this pattern rules out respiratory water loss as a driver of the adaptive changes in TEWL among eublepharids. Scale morphology was independent of TEWL variation as well, but the correlation between cutaneous water loss and TEWL suggests a crucial role of skin permeability in adaptation to habitat aridity. Our analyses demonstrate how powerful a comparison between intra‐ and interspecific allometries can be for detecting body size‐dependent mechanisms of adaptive changes in ecophysiological traits correlated with body size.
Expression analysis and tissue localization of IgZ in the grouper Epinephelus coioides after Vibrio alginolyticus infection and vaccination
Authors: Fu Yao‐Wu , Yao Zhan‐Juan , He Meng‐Han , Wang Zuo‐Pei , Chen Wei‐Feng , Cui Miao , Zhang Qi‐Zhong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe orange‐spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) is an important marine farmed fish in China. It is affected by the bacterial pathogen Vibrio alginolyticus, which causes high mortality and substantial economic losses. We studied the transcriptional changes of the IgZ gene in E. coioides following V. alginolyticus stimulation and investigated the distribution of IgZ in different tissues. The highest expression level of IgZ occurred in the head kidney. When fish were stimulated with live and inactivated V. alginolyticus, the expression levels of IgZ in the head kidney, spleen, intestine, gills and blood cells were significantly upregulated. In an in situ hybridization study, IgZ mRNA‐positive cells were detected in the head kidney, spleen and gill, but positive signals were not detected in the liver and intestine. IgZ‐labelled cells increased in the head kidney, spleen and gills post‐infection with V. alginolyticus for 21 days. The present study provides additional evidence that IgZ is involved in mucosal immune responses and helps explain the role of IgZ in E. coioides defence against V. alginolyticus infection.
Pulsed electric field of goat milk: Impact on Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 and vitamin constituents
Authors: Mohamad Azizah , Abdul Karim Shah Nor Nadiah , Sulaiman Alifdalino , Mohd Adzahan Noranizan , Aadil Rana Muhammad 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere is a dire need to produce shelf‐stable and safe goat milk with minimal effects on its nutritive quality. In this study, raw goat milk was processed with a continuous pulsed electric field (PEF) system, at various electric field strength (EFS: 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 kV/cm) and processing time (5, 7, 10, and 13 μs). The maximum log reduction of Escherichia coli was 3.87 log CFU/ml, achieved at 40 kV/cm for 13 μs. Weibull and Peleg models were better fitted to the inactivation kinetics of E.coli ATCC 8739 as a function of processing time and EFS, respectively. The mean concentration of vitamin A (as β‐carotene) and B‐group vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin) were nonsignificantly (p > .05) decreased compared to the unprocessed sample. Since the inactivation level did not reach the minimum log reduction recommended by USFDA, PEF is recommended as a complementary method to mild thermal pasteurization.Practical ApplicationsPEF processing has gained recognition in food processing through halting an adverse issue of thermal processing. Although PEF is drifting toward industrial practice, it is essential to verify the efficiency of PEF in a complex matrix like goat milk to assure PEF can be utilized for industrial use. The results of this study show that the PEF can be recommended as a complementary method to mild thermal pasteurization as a hurdle processing technique to ensure the safety and nutritive qualities of goat milk at the industry level.
Small body size of pseudoscorpions and a distinct architecture of the ovary: A step to miniaturization?
Authors: Jędrzejowska Izabela , Christophoryová Jana , Garbiec Arnold 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChelicerata, the second largest subphylum of Arthropoda, includes invertebrates with a wide range of body size. Pseudoscorpions are among small or miniature chelicerates which exhibit several morphological, anatomical, and developmental features related to miniaturization, e.g., replacement of book lungs by tracheae, unpaired gonads, and matrotrophic development of the embryos outside the female body, in the brood sac. In this paper, we show the ovary structure of two pseudoscorpion species, Cheiridium museorum and Apocheiridium ferum (Cheiridiidae). Both cheiridiids are one of the smallest pseudoscorpions. The results of our observations conducted in light, transmission electron, and confocal microscopy demonstrate that the ovary of C. museorum and A. ferum, displays a significant structural difference that is unusual for chelicerates. The difference concerns the spatially restricted position of the germarium. We show that such ovary architecture results in a significantly reduced number of growing oocytes and in consequence a reduced number of deposited eggs. A centrally located germarium implies also a modified pattern of ovary development during oocyte growth due to long distance migration of the germline and the accompanying somatic cells. Herein, we postulate that such an ovary structure is related to the pseudoscorpion's small body size and it is a step towards miniaturization in the smaller pseudoscorpions species.
Foundations for a decolonial big data psychology
Authors: Montiel Cristina Jayme , Uyheng Joshua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe accelerated datafication of social life has led to increased interest in advancing the use of big data in psychology. However, prevailing methodological preoccupations in big data psychology elide foundational issues which amplify the problems of modernity/coloniality, including the suppression of marginalized psychologies and the widened gap between researchers and their subjects. We propose decolonial foundations for utilizing big data in psychological scholarship. We move beyond prevailing technical concerns with data processing, to engage situated practices of knowledge production. The ontological object of computing shifts from a universal psychology of numerous individuals, to a localized psychology of collectives. Epistemological priorities shift from context‐free definition and control, to prioritizing temporal responsiveness and linguistic fidelity to emergent psychological phenomena. Ethical guidelines extend beyond issues of personal privacy, and address sociopolitical concerns in fragile democracies. Finally, reflexivities from the margins account for unequal systems that situate psychologists, big data, and the phenomena they study within the plurality of Global Souths. Two Philippine case studies operationalize these principles through localized data collection practices, participatory algorithmic design, interrogation of bias, and wrestling with state encroachments. We conclude with decolonial directions for advancing equitable practices of knowledge production within the computational and psychological sciences.
Tebuconazole resistance of Fusarium graminearum field populations from wheat in Henan Province
Authors: Chen Jinpeng , Wei Jiangqiao , Fu Liuyuan , Wang Shuan , Liu Jinliang , Guo Qianwen , Jiang Jia , Tian Yuee , Che Zhiping , Chen Genqiang , Liu Shengming 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFusarium head blight (FHB) is caused by Fusarium graminearum, which contributes serious economic losses to crop yields, and is an epidemic disease of wheat. The resistance to tebuconazole of 1,118 F. graminearum strains obtained from different areas of Henan Province in 2018–2020 was determined by the discriminatory doses of 5.0 μg/ml. A total of 362 F. graminearum strains resistant to tebuconazole were detected, and the frequency of resistance of F. graminearum strains to tebuconazole was 30.7%. The EC50 and EC90 values of F. graminearum strains to tebuconazole were calculated according to the mycelial growth inhibition of the Henan F. graminearum population. The range of EC50 values of 756 sensitive strains and 362 resistant strains were 0.01–0.69 and 0.02–3.31 μg/ml, and the average ± SD EC50 of sensitive and resistant strains were 0.13 ± 0.01 and 0.40 ± 0.13 μg/ml. The range of EC90 values of 756 sensitive strains and 362 resistant strains were 0.31–4.89 and 0.65–18.69 μg/ml, and the average ± SD EC90 values were 1.13 ± 0.05 and 2.98 ± 0.09 μg/ml. The CYP51A and CYP51B genes of the sensitive and resistant strains were amplified separately by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analysed. The results showed that among the 150 resistant strains, only six resistant strains had amino acid mutation, which changed from serine to tyrosine (TCA‐TAT, Ser‐Tyr) at position 169 of CYP51B gene, and no amino acid mutation was found in CYP51B of the other 144 resistant strains. No amino acid mutation was found in the CYP51A gene of 150 resistant strains. These results provide important information to growers for monitoring tebuconazole resistance in F. graminearum field populations from wheat in Henan Province.
Discovery and Revitalization of “Feeling of Hometown” from a Disaster Site Inhabitant's Continuous Engagement in Reconstruction Work: Ethnographic Interviews with a Radiation Decontamination Worker Over 5 Years Following the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Accident1
Authors: Hidaka Tomoo , Kasuga Hideaki , Kakamu Takeyasu , Fukushima Tetsuhito 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAfter hometown loss due to the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant accident, many radiation decontamination workers started to engage in the reconstruction of their hometown. However, little is known regarding the meaning of experience of engaging in such work. We describe the process of such experience through a series of ethnographic interviews over 5 years with a radiation decontamination worker. The process was classified into the following three periods: “recovery of lost land by inhabitants' own hands,” “goal loss and semiotic trap in pursuit of recovery,” and “revitalization of feeling of hometown.” Consequently, the informant overcame the contradiction theorized as a “semiotic trap” that radiation decontamination for physical recovery would make his return to home impossible, and updated his narrative to the revitalization of “feeling of hometown” through continuous engagement in the work by creating a sense for transplacement, in which the individual focuses on the psychological aspects of his/her hometown instead of the physical aspects. Psychological reconstruction for disaster victims requires the discovery and revitalization of feeling of hometown rather than the completion of physical reconstruction.