bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Compact Wideband CSRR Near Zero Refractive Index and Epsilon Negative Metamaterial for Wearable Microwave Applications
Authors: Hossain Kabir , Sabapathy Thennarasan , Jusoh Muzammil , Soh Ping Jack , Osman Mohamed Nasrun , Al-Bawri Samir Salem 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) decagonal shaped textile-based single-negative metamaterial (MTM), considering a frequency range from 1 to 15 GHz, is presented in this paper. Seven different unit cell arrays (i.e., 1×1, 1×2, 1×3, 2×1, 2×2, 1×3 and 3×3) are analysed to evaluate the effects of the unit-cell arrays on the resonance frequencies of the MTM. The designed unit cell arrays exhibit average negative permittivity bandwidth of 12.87 GHz (from 1 to 12.87 GHz) and an average near-zero-refractive-index (NZRI) bandwidth of 11.98 GHz (from 1.015 to 12.995 GHz). Simultaneous negative permittivity and NZRI results at L, S, C, X and Ku frequency bands indicate the proposed MTM is suitable for various wearable applications in these frequency regimes.
Performance Analysis of 5G Millimeter Waves over Free Space Optics System
Authors: Aldhaibani A O , Bin Sahaq K S , Binajjaj S A , Bakarman H A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In recent year the free-space optical communication (FSO) has become more interesting as its alternative to radio frequency communication. The links of Free-space optical (FSO) communication very sensitive for a lot of variability which make a real challenge for efficient, robust system design. In free space optic the information sends through the optical fiber as pluses, so a large dynamic range will provide, from designed systems in most cases. The FSO is a line-of-sight (LOS) technology that transmits a modulated beam of visible or infrared light through the atmosphere for broadband communications. The focus of this work is to investigate the feasibility and design of free-space optical (FSO) with millimeter waves for 5th generation. Consequently, the conducted analysis done by using optisystem software. As a result, the analysis generated based on Eye diagram, transmitted power, Q factor and distance.
An Impedance Matching Network towards Amplifier Design from Conceptual to Practical: Simulation Study
Authors: Yob R C , Ramli N H , Bahari N , Zahid L , Nasrudin M W 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In many systems, the impedance matching networks are vital to ensure their having good performances, especially in such systems performances that related to the gain, linearity, and quality factors. This article mainly focuses on the simulation study of the impedance matching network from conceptual to practical on amplifier design. This simulation study from the conceptual of the ideal transmission-line based design to the practical of the microstrip-line based circuit implemented by using LineCalc of the ADS tool. The gallium nitride high electron mobility (GaN-HEMT) transistor by Cree is being one of the key components in understanding the importance of the impedance matching networks on the amplifier design a t the operating frequency of 5 GHz. The Agilent’s Advance Design Systems (ADS) is used to perform this research. The obtained voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) are approximately to 1 for both conceptual and practical of the impedance matching towards the amplifier design a t5 GHz. Thus, it is showing the maximum power transfer was occurring from the power stages to the load.
A RFID Tag Antenna for Wearable Application System in Microwave Frequency Band
Authors: Abdullah N. A. S. , Ramli N.H. , Yob R.C 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A RFID tag antenna for wearable application system in microwave frequency band is proposed and presented. The proposed RFID tag antenna is operated in the microwave frequency band of 1 to 12 GHz. Several numbers of the slot resonator are introduced that attached on jeans fabric as substrate material. The presence of the slot resonator also will be used to generate the unique identification or spectral signature of the RFID tag antenna. In real life, the monostatic radar system, which consists of the Vector Network Analyzer and a horn antenna is configured to test the RFID tag antenna. The performances of the proposed RFID tag antenna are evaluated based on their reflection coefficient, operating frequency, and surface current. The obtained results give a good agreement between the measurements and simulation.
Compact Meandered Monopole Antenna for Dual-Bands WLAN Application
Authors: Bohari Syahirah , Faudzi Najwa Mohd , Razali Ahmad Rashidy , Mozi Aiza Mahyuni , Zakaria Fazrul Faiz , Ilyas Mohd Zaizu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A compact meandered dual-bands monopole antenna for the application of a wireless local area network (WLAN) is proposed. This antenna has two operating frequency bands which are 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz and denoted as lower and upper operating bands respectively. In the antenna design, a meandered arms structure has been proposed to obtain a compact size monopole antenna with an overall dimension of 30 mm x 21 mm. Furthermore, the dual-bands operating frequency is achieved with the contribution of two meandered arms structure as well as a partial ground plane proposed in the antenna design. The copper layer traces with the thickness of 0.035 mm has been used as the radiating patch and the partial ground plane has been printed at the back side of the FR-4 substrate with the permittivity, ε_r of 4.5 and the thickness of 1.6 mm. The proposed antenna has a simple design, small size, easy to fabricate and low cost. The measured and simulated results were compared to analyse the performance of the designed antenna. From the simulation, the operating frequencies achieved are at 2.44 GHz and 5.23 GHz, while from the measurement at 2.50 GHz and 4.44 GHz. Other antenna parameter such as radiation pattern and gain has also been evaluated and analysed.
Warranty Claim Quantity Forecasting via Multiple Linear Regressions
Authors: Haris N , Junoh A K , Wan Muhamad W Z A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A concrete justification unavailability of the roughly estimated warranty claim quantity is leading to also inability to understand defect trend behavior and its effect upcoming warranty claim quantity. This is where an equation model is derived by considering the previous actual warranty data, to represent warranty claim defect quantity impact. Taking into consideration, identified parameters which link with pricing and cost, it also includes the observation and monitoring of warranty trend from the existing actual warranty data, by plotting cumulative defect quantity over Vehicle Line-off Date, as well as plotting cumulative defect quantity over Vehicle Submission Date. Multiple Linear Regression is deployed to define the best Multiple Regression Equation. Predictors, response and predictors’ validations defined by using normality and probability test. The successfully developed equation model, takes into account the existing warranty data and trend, As a result, the equation model managed to provide forecasted warranty claim quantity, based on a complete 36-month warranty period cycle, which has a significant impact on a reliable and convincing figure – a key factor in warranty budgeting and accrual task.
Mobile-based Speech Recognition for Early Reading Assistant
Authors: Faisol Muhammad Adlan Mohd , Ramlan Siti Azura , Saod Aini Hafizah Mohd , Mozi Aiza Mahyuni , Zakaria Fazrul Faiz 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In Malaysia, English language is the secondary language for most of the people and they usually rely on the education system to learn the language especially in learning how to read and pronounce the words correctly. As a multiracial country, Malaysians have many dialects according to the different states, which can affect the children’s pronunciation of the language. Consequently, their own style of dialect causes the children to struggle in developing the right pronunciation during the early years of school. The children will be exposed to the proper language at school but limited to the weekdays and school hours. Therefore, the technology of computerized applications has a high potential to help young kids in reading with the correct pronunciation. This paper presents the development of a mobile application with speech implementation based on Flutter framework for early reader assistant. The project is evaluated based on the subjective satisfaction towards the application in terms of overall system and functionality of the application, ease of login into the application and the difficulty of the words provided in the application. Based on the study, an average mean score of 3.36 is obtained in which most of the users feel that the application can deliver its function and purpose to the users. In conclusion, the mobile application should be able to aid the users in improving their reading skills and pronunciation.
Synthesizable Verilog Code Generator for Variable-Width Tree Multipliers
Authors: Fun Chuah Ching , Thulasiraman Nandha Kumar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Tree multipliers are fast multipliers which are important for timing-critical applications. However, due to the irregular multiplier structure, the process of coding a tree multiplier is often very time-consuming. In addition, it is difficult to generalize the multiplier codes for variable-width inputs. In this paper, the authors used Python scripts to generate Verilog codes for tree multipliers automatically in a very short amount of time, by specifying only the required data width. The generated tree multiplier designs are synthesized and implemented using TSMC 180nm technology as well as Artix-7 FPGA. Through analysis, it is observed that modified Booth multiplier designed with Dadda tree reduction algorithm has up to 47% smaller area and up to 71% shorter delay compared to array multiplier. All multiplier designs are thoroughly simulated and functionally verified.
Deep-Learning Assisting Cerebral Palsy Patient Handgrip Task Translation
Authors: Zakaria Fazrul Faiz , Warip Mohd Nazri Mohd , Ehkan Phaklen , Mustapa Muslim , Ilyas Mohd Zaizu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
An electro-encephalography (EEG) brain-computer interface (BCI) can provide the brain and external environment with separate information sharing and control networks. EEG impulses, though, come from many electrodes, which produce different characteristics, and how the electrodes and features to enhance classification efficiency have been chosen has become an urgent concern. This paper explores the deep convolutional neural network architecture (CNN) hyper-parameters with separating temporal and spatial filters without any pre-processing or artificial extraction processes. It selects the raw EEG signal of electrode pairs over the cortical area as hybrid samples. Our proposed deep-learning model outperforms other neural network models previously applied to this dataset in training time (∼40%) and accuracy (∼6%). Besides, considerations such as optimum order for EEG channels do not limit our model, and it is patient-invariant. The impact of network architecture on decoder output and training time is further discussed.
Communicating with the Deaf and Hard of Hearing through Automatic Arabic Sign Language Translator
Authors: Latif Ghazanfar , Alghazo Jaafar , Mohammad Nazeeruddin , Alghazo Runna 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The needs of persons with disabilities are still being undermined even though persons with disabilities have proven to be productive members of the community when given the right education, support, and tools. Assistive devices are being designed, developed, and sold to provide persons with disabilities the tools to be able to become productive members. With the advent of new technologies, software development has also concentrated on the needs of persons with disabilities. With the widespread of software’s especially on mobile devices, researchers can now develop tools for the community to communicate, work, collaborate and deal normally with persons with disabilities. In this paper, an automatic Artificial Intelligence (AI) based Arabic Sign Language Translator is proposed. The system is able to capture the picture of the sign language performed by a person who is deaf or hard of hearing and provide real-time translation of the hand gestures. Novel features are proposed to be extracted from the images to be input to the four different classifiers namely; Random Forest (RF), Bagging classifier, Regression, and Random Tree (RT). The result shows that the Random Forest classifier with proposed extract features performs better by achieving 92.15% accuracy as compared using input image directly with classifiers.
GPSR Routing Performances Enhancement for VANET networks with Taguchi Optimization Mechanism
Authors: Elobaid Mohamed Elshaikh , Dafhalla Alaa K. Y. , Yaakob Naimah , Ali Hasimah 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Routing mechanism plays an important role in the performances of Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET). Hence, various routing mechanisms are proposed to enhance VANET performances, however few researches are dedicated to optimize these routing mechanisms. In this paper an optimization mechanism is proposed to improve the performances of Greedy Perimeter stateless Routing (GPSR) protocol. Design of Experiments is used along with Taguchi Optimization method to fine tune GPSR internal routing parameters against VANET network scenarios. The target of optimization in this work is set to network performances including network throughput, delay and packet delivery ration (PDR). These targets are mathematically combined to form a single optimization target. A simulation experiments are performed to evaluate VANET performances. Obtained results showed that the proposed optimization improves the VANET performances in terms of throughput, PDR and delay. Further real-time integration of Optimization and routing mechanism can improve network performances.
Implementation of Simon’s Algorithm in the Encryption Process of Publish-Subscribe Data Sending in the MQTT Protocol using the Raspberry
Authors: Nurwarsito H , Yapputra S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the development of IoT there is a higher risk of security because the device can be used as a Botnet and can harm many parties. The use of the MQTT communication protocol on the Internet of Things devices is massive. Otherwise, the MQTT protocol does not have a security side that can secure data exchange in this protocol. In information security, it is explained that data must have a security side in terms of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. One solution to address the problems that have been described is the addition of an encryption algorithm to the MQTT communication protocol so the data that moved remains safe. The SIMON algorithm is an algorithm released by the National Security Agency (NSA) in 2013 in the selection of the best lightweight cipher at that time. The selection of this secalgorithm is based on the efficiency, speed, and use of small power in carrying out the process. The encryption method will be implemented at the publisher node where the node will encrypt data first before sending it to the broker node. The decryption method will be implemented on the subscriber node where the node will perform subscribe function and decrypt function to get the plaintext. The SIMON algorithm that is used is SIMON 128/128 because it has been proven that this SIMON type has the fastest time in the encryption and decryption process. Functional testing shows that all nodes in the system can work properly according to their respective functions. On the attack test, two active attack methods are used, namely Ciphertext Only Attack and Known Plaintext Attack. Both attacks were unable to get the plaintext after several attempts. So it can be concluded that the SIMON algorithm has succeeded in securing the system using the MQTT communication protocol.
Enhanced Light Extraction Efficiency (LEE) of GaN-based LED Die through Substrate Side Surface Grooving
Authors: Chandran H. , Poopalan P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
High refractive index difference between GaN-based light-emitting diode (LED) die material and surrounding medium causes low light extraction efficiency. Introduction of surface grooves to sapphire substrate side surfaces improves the light extraction efficiency of GaN-based LED die6 by altering the normal for the impinging light rays inside the substrate layer. Comparison of light output power given out by GaN-based LED die with grooved sapphire substrate and un-grooved sapphire substrate were studied using ray-tracing simulation. Three types of surface grooves at different aspect ratios were simulated which includes elliptical groove, triangular groove and rectangular groove. Based on the results obtained, GaN-based LED die with elliptically grooved sapphire substrate gives the best enhancement in light output power by 121.2426% compared to an un-grooved GaN-based LED die at an aspect ratio of 0.05. Surface grooves with curvature or angled plane gives a better enhancement in light extraction efficiency compared to a flat surface.
Watermarking Scheme for using YCbCr Based On 2-Level DWT
Authors: Adnan Myasar Mundher , Mashagba Hamza A. , Alfilh Raed , Aljawaheri Karrar , Jaafarz Alaa , Hammood Dalal Abdulmohsin , Alkhayyat Ahmed , Rahim Hasliza A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Multimedia data for both personal and commercial purposes is now accessible to everyone due to the rapid development of the Internet. Consequently, the issue of copyright protection has surfaced and has triggered the development of several techniques for multimedia copyright protection. Such techniques include digital watermarking in which the important information contained in the host media is concealed by embedment in carriers such as images, videos, or audios. In this paper, the adaptive color image watermarking technique is proposed for the satisfaction of both imperceptibility and robustness demands. There are two main stages involved in this technique – coding/embedding and decoding/extraction. Prior to the coding stage, imperceptibility and robustness are preserved by first converting the host image from RGB to YCbCr color space before selecting the Cb component to apply the DWT embedding technique. Once more, the selected quadrant of the hosted image is decomposed using DWT before extracting the watermarked image. The robustness and efficiency of this technique were proved by exposing the watermarked image to six types of attacks, namely Median filter, Gaussian noise, Sharpening filter, Salt & Pepper Noise, JPEG Compression, and Rotation. The results of the study were benchmarked against other methods that deploy DST on the same images. From the benchmarking process, the proposed algorithm was found to withstand the six types of attacks earlier mentioned and achieved a better performance compared to the DST approach. The quality of the watermarked image was also preserved in the proposed method.
Design and Performance Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier in Optical Telecommunication Networks
Authors: Lateef Zina Abdul , al-azzwi Fatima faydhe , Saud Ibrahim Majida 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Thulium-doped optical Fiber enhancers (TDFA) are advanced to cover the optical media transmission Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) information transmission in the envisioned the band (800-1800 nm) with up to 6.5dB increment and noise figure as low as 2.6 dB. We existing the first in-band diode-siphoned thulium-doped fiber amplifier (TDFAs) operational in the wavelength locale and test their appropriateness as high request enhancers in possible coming media transmission frameworks.
Study the Effect of Concentration on the Evolution of Far-Field Diffraction Patterns of Bromocresol Purple and Congo Red Solution
Authors: Badran Hussain Ali , Abbas Abu Talib Y. , Fakher Alfahed R. K. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Experimental evolution of the diffraction pattern of Bromocresol Purple (BCP) and Congo Red (COGR) Solutions, by diffraction ring technique under CW laser illumination is present. The two azo dyes, COGR dye and COGR dye, were studied for their absorbance spectra, as well as the diffraction rings experimental. The measurement rings were performed when the incident beam propagates through a quartz cell containing dye. Many diffraction rings were observed on the sensitive screen. Among the results we obtained are the diffraction rings at 0.07mM concentration, where the number of rings was 4 at the power of the 50 mW laser beam for the Bromocresol dye and three rings in the congo red dye. The nonlinear refractive index for the Bromocresol dye and congo red dye are found to be in the order of 0.11×10−8 cm2/Watt, 3.093×10−8 cm2/Watt, respectively.The efficiency of the ring pattern was found to depend on the concentration of the dye and the power of the laser.
Entropy and Stress-Strength Model of Lower Order Statistic of Doubly Truncated Inverted Gamma Distribution
Authors: Abid Salah H. , Kadhim Fadhl J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Interest in phenomena is one of the most prominent scientific concerns of humans in general, and researchers and scientists in particular. From this standpoint came the interest to derive new probability distributions for representing the actual data taken from those phenomena more flexibly. In this paper, we present the distribution of lower order statistic from doubly truncated Inverted Gamma distribution (LOSDTIGD). The rth raw moments function form derives for new density. Stress-strength reliability, Shannon and relative entropies have also been discussed.