bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the methods of recognition and classification of laser reflection points based on the Terrasolid software module on the Bentley Microstation platform
Authors: Dyachenko R , Gura D , Kiryunikova N , Lesovaya E , Khusht N , Akopyan G 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, the use of the three-dimensional laser scanning technique in performing various scientific research comes to the fore, since this technology is one of the most developed and effective methods for analyzing the state of transport infrastructure objects and geodetic monitoring. The purpose of this paper is to develop an author’s algorithm for the classification of laser reflection points, based on the specialized Terrasolid software on the Bentley Microstation platform. The object of the research is the campus of the territory of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kuban State Technological University”. The subject of the research is the possibility of optimizing the process of classification of laser reflection points on the campus of the university territory. The result of the study is the author’s algorithm for the classification of laser reflection points.
Massive crop expansion threatens agriculture and water sustainability in northwestern China
Authors: Lai Jiameng , Li Yanan , Chen Jianli , Niu Guo-Yue , Lin Peirong , Li Qi , Wang Lixin , Han Jimei , Luo Zhenqi , Sun Ying 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Northwestern China (NWC) is among the major global hotspots undergoing massive terrestrial water storage (TWS) depletion. Yet driver(s) underlying such region-wide depletion remain controversial, i.e. warming-induced glaciermelting versus anthropogenic activities. Reconciling this controversy is the core initial step to guide policymaking to combat the dual challenges in agriculture production and water scarcity in the vastly dry NWC toward sustainable development. Utilizing diverse observations, we found persistent cropland expansion by >1.2 × 104 km2 since 2003, leading to growth of 59.9% in irrigated area and 19.5% in agricultural water use, despite a steady enhancement in irrigation efficiency. Correspondingly, a substantially faster evapotranspiration (ET) increase occurred in crop expansion areas, whereas precipitation exhibited no long-term trend. Counterfactual analyses suggest that the region-wide TWS depletion is unlikely to have occurred without an increase in crop expansion-driven ET even in the presence of glaciermelting. These findings imply that sustainable water management is critically needed to ensure agriculture and water security in NWC.
Last glacial maximum hydro-climate and cyclone characteristics in the Levant: a regional modelling perspective
Authors: Ludwig Patrick , Hochman Assaf 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Proxy-based hydro-climate reconstructions in the Levant suggest enhanced water availability during the last glacial maximum (LGM) compared to present-day conditions. To date, the governing hypothesis is that additional water availability may be directly linked to increased Cyprus Low frequency and intensity in the region. However, this paradigm has not been tested in a modelling framework. With this aim, we analysed results from a weather type classification algorithm and regional climate simulations. The weather type classification is applied to ERA5 reanalysis data for present-day (1979–2018) and two Paleoclimate Modelling Inter-comparison Project PMIP3/PMIP4 pre-industrial and LGM model runs. Dynamical downscaling of the two models with the regional Weather Research and Forecast model shows that the present hydro-climate can largely be reproduced. Our simulations suggest that both evaporation and precipitation were lower in the LGM compared to pre-industrial conditions, and that their relative changes can thus most likely explain the additional water availability during that time. Indeed, evaporation in the eastern Mediterranean is reduced to a higher degree (∼−33%) as compared to precipitation (∼−20%) during the LGM. Particularly, lower evaporation during LGM summer may have sustained the year-round wetter conditions in the Levant. In addition, we find significant changes in Cyprus Low characteristics for the LGM. The simulated daily precipitation associated with Cyprus Lows is significantly lower than pre-industrial values (reduction of 26%–29%), whereas the wind intensity is stronger (increase of 7%–8%). Finally, a significant increase in Cyprus Low frequency during LGM winter is likely (+22%). Indeed, our findings are in line with a plethora of proxy-based reconstructions, and provide a reinterpretation of the driving mechanism of water availability, i.e. strong changes in evaporation rather than precipitation. This study places projected hydro-climatic drying of the Levant in a long timescale perspective. As such, it improves our understanding of the physical processes influencing the hydrological cycle in this vulnerable region, situated on the border between sub-tropical and mid-latitude climate zones.
Spaceborne evidence for significant anthropogenic VOC trends in Asian cities over 2005–2019
Authors: Bauwens M , Verreyken B , Stavrakou T , Müller J-F , Smedt I De 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Trends of formaldehyde (HCHO) linked to anthropogenic activity over large cities located in the Asian continent are calculated for the period 2005–2019 using the Quality Assurance for Essential Climate Variables dataset from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument aboard the Aura satellite. Contributions due to anthropogenic emissions are isolated by applying a correction based on near-surface temperature in order to account for interference from local biogenic emissions. Strong positive trends are derived over the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent (up to 3.6% yr−1 and 2.4% yr−1 respectively) where regulations of anthropogenic non-methane volatile organic compound (NMVOC) emissions are currently limited. Weaker trends are observed over cities located in China, where the air pollution action plan (2013) may have mitigated NMVOC trends early on, but targeted legislature concerning VOC emissions was only recently introduced. HCHO trends for cities located in South and Equatorial Asia are mostly not significant or very uncertain. Cities located in Taiwan and Japan (regions in Asia where legislation has been in place since the early 2000s) display mostly negative trends.
Chemical etching manipulated local electronic structure upheaval of graphdiyne for efficient hydrogen evolution
Authors: Ma Kaikai , Zhao Yunqi , Liao Qingliang , Xiong Zhaozhao , Li Xinting , Du Wenlong , Sun Yu , Zhang Zheng , Kang Zhuo , Zhang Yue 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Graphdiyne (GDY), featured with unique sp2, sp-hybridized form and inherent inhomogeneous electron distribution, retains great expectation to be developed into highly efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, the state-of-the-art GDY-based electrocatalysts still suffer from weak catalytic activity and sluggish reaction kinetics originating from the severe scarcity of in-plane active sites and insufficient electrical conductivity. Targeted at this bottleneck issue, electronic structure regulation, recognized as an extremely precise technical route, is promising to improve HER performances of carbon-based electrocatalysts. Herein, a facile controllable chemical etching strategy is well leveraged to introduce sp2-hybridized carbon–oxygen bonds (Csp2–O) into GDY for precise manipulation both of its electronic and spatial structures. Experimental results and theoretical calculations coherently manifest that Csp2–O introduction into GDY can not only induce its electronic structure upheaval to strengthen surface electron transport capability, but also trigger intensive carbon–oxygen p–p orbital hybridization to enhance the catalytic activity of acetylenic bond sites. As a result, the optimal GDY sample after etching delivers excellent HER performance with an overpotential of only 101 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a low Tafel slope of 54 mV dec−1, which surpasses most of reported metal-free based electrocatalysts. This work provides a universal route for precise modulation of inherent electronic structure in GDY, and can be further extended to boost the overall performances of other carbon-based catalysts.
Early Contributions to the Design and Conduct of Clinical Trials From a Largely Unknown 1960s Pilot Trial of Physical Activity and a Well-Known Diet-Heart Feasibility Study for the Primary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Blackburn Henry 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This historical note focuses on contributions to the concepts, design, methods, and conduct of clinical trials from the 1960s planning and findings of a feasibility study that was little reported and largely unrecognized: the Pilot Study of Prescribed Physical Activity for the Primary Prevention of Ischemic Heart Disease (1963–1968). In contrast, complementary findings from the 1960s National Diet-Heart Feasibility Study (1962–1968) were fully reported, widely recognized, and well-analyzed by historians in context of the rapid evolution in chronic disease epidemiology and clinical trials following World War II. The experience of these thoughtfully planned and rigorously conducted pilot studies changed the career paths of their planners and investigators and shaped the form and direction of subsequent research on the causes, treatment, and prevention of heart attack. The 2 studies were both fruit and seed of a consortium of experts that evolved in reaction to new questions and findings about the midcentury coronary disease epidemic. The contributions of each study, and of this broader academy of pioneer thinkers, are essential elements in the history of cardiovascular disease epidemiology, prevention research, and health policy.
Multidimensional brain-age prediction reveals altered brain developmental trajectory in psychiatric disorders
Authors: Niu Xin , Taylor Alexei , Shinohara Russell T , Kounios John , Zhang Fengqing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBrain-age prediction has emerged as a novel approach for studying brain development. However, brain regions change in different ways and at different rates. Unitary brain-age indices represent developmental status averaged across the whole brain and therefore do not capture the divergent developmental trajectories of various brain structures. This staggered developmental unfolding, determined by genetics and postnatal experience, is implicated in the progression of psychiatric and neurological disorders. We propose a multidimensional brain-age index (MBAI) that provides regional age predictions. Using a database of 556 individuals, we identified clusters of imaging features with distinct developmental trajectories and built machine learning models to obtain brain-age predictions from each of the clusters. Our results show that the MBAI provides a flexible analysis of region-specific brain-age changes that are invisible to unidimensional brain-age. Importantly, brain-ages computed from region-specific feature clusters contain complementary information and demonstrate differential ability to distinguish disorder groups (e.g., depression and oppositional defiant disorder) from healthy controls. In summary, we show that MBAI is sensitive to alterations in brain structures and captures distinct regional change patterns that may serve as biomarkers that contribute to our understanding of healthy and pathological brain development and the characterization and diagnosis of psychiatric disorders.
Dentist’s Visits and Risk of Brain Abscess: A Nationwide, Population-Based Case-Control Study
Authors: Bodilsen Jacob , Helweg Larsen Jannik , Otto Jarløv Jens , Ziebell Morten , Ellermann-Eriksen Svend , Justesen Ulrik S , Frimodt-Møller Niels , Obel Niels , Omland Lars Haukali 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Brain abscesses are frequently caused by oral cavity bacteria, but whether dental status and invasive dental procedures are important risk factors is unknown.

Methods
A nationwide, population-based, case-control study examined the association between dentist’s visits and invasive dental procedures and risk of brain abscess caused by oral cavity bacteria from 1989 through 2016. Date of brain abscess diagnosis was considered the index date. Using risk-set sampling, 10 population controls per case were individually matched by age, sex, and residential area. Conditional logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for comorbidity.

Results
We identified 362 patients with culture-proven brain abscess caused by oral cavity bacteria. The median age was 53 years (interquartile range, 39–65 years) and 220 (61%) were male. Invasive dental procedures within 6 months before the index date was observed in 21 of 362 (6%) patients with brain abscess and 179 of 3257 (5%) population controls (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.07 [95% CI, .67–1.70]). Two hundred thirteen of 362 (59%) patients with brain abscess had visited their dentist within 1 year before the index date compared with 1944 of 3257 (60%) of population controls (aOR, 0.99 [95% CI, .77–1.26]). Using no dentist’s visits as reference, we observed aORs of 0.95 (95% CI, .64–1.40) for 1–2 visits within 3 years of the index date and 1.01 (95% CI, .76–1.35) for 3 or more visits.

Conclusions
Recent invasive dental procedures and number of dentist’s visits were not associated with culture-verified brain abscess caused by oral cavity bacteria.
CATA: a comprehensive chromatin accessibility database for cancer
Authors: Zhou Jianyuan , Li Yanshang , Cao Haotian , Yang Min , Chu Lingyu , Li Taisong , Yu Zhengmin , Yu Rui , Qiu Bo , Wang Qiuyu , Li Xuecang , Xie Jianjun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Accessible chromatin refers to the active regions of a chromosome that are bound by many transcription factors (TFs). Changes in chromatin accessibility play a critical role in tumorigenesis. With the emergence of novel methods like Assay for Transposase-accessible Chromatin Sequencing, a sequencing method that maps chromatin-accessible regions (CARs) and enables the computational analysis of TF binding at chromatin-accessible sites, the regulatory landscape in cancer can be dissected. Herein, we developed a comprehensive cancer chromatin accessibility database named CATA, which aims to provide available resources of cancer CARs and to annotate their potential roles in the regulation of genes in a cancer type-specific manner. In this version, CATA stores 2 991 163 CARs from 23 cancer types, binding information of 1398 TFs within the CARs, and provides multiple annotations about these regions, including common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), risk SNPs, copy number variation, somatic mutations, motif changes, expression quantitative trait loci, methylation and CRISPR/Cas9 target loci. Moreover, CATA supports cancer survival analysis of the CAR-associated genes and provides detailed clinical information of the tumor samples.
Database URL: CATA is available at http://www.xiejjlab.bio/cata/.
Inter operator variability of machine learning researchers predicting all-cause mortality in patients admitted to intensive care unit
Authors: Jones Y , Cleland J , Li C , Pellicori P , Friday J 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
The number of publications using machine learning (ML) to predict cardiovascular outcomes and identify clusters of patients at greater risk has risen dramatically in recent years. However, research papers which use ML often fail to provide sufficient information about their algorithms to enable results to be replicated by others in the same or different datasets.

Aim
To test the reproducibility of results from ML algorithms given three different levels of information commonly found in publications: model type alone, a description of the model, and complete algorithm.

Methods
MIMIC-III is a healthcare dataset comprising detailed information from over 60,000 intensive care unit (ICU) admissions from the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre between 2001 and 2012. Access is available to everyone pending approval and completion of a short training course.
Using this dataset, three models for predicting all-cause in-hospital mortality were created, two from a PhD student working in ML, and one from an existing research paper which used the same dataset and provided complete model information. A second researcher (a PhD student in ML and cardiology) was given the same dataset and was tasked with reproducing their results. Initially, this second researcher was told what type of model was created in each case, followed by a brief description of the algorithms. Finally, the complete algorithms from each participant were provided. In all three scenarios, recreated models were compared to original models using Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC).

Results
After excluding those younger than 18 years and events with missing or invalid entries, 21,139 ICU admissions remained from 18,094 patients between 2001 and 2012, including 2,797 in-hospital deaths. Three models were produced: two Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) which differed significantly in internal weights and variables, and a Boosted Tree Classifier (BTC). The AUC of the first reproduced RNN matched that of the original RNN (Figure 1), however the second RNN and the BTC could not be reproduced given model type alone. As more information was provided about these algorithms, the results from the reproduced models matched the original results more closely.

Conclusions
In order to create clinically useful ML tools with results that are reproducible and consistent, it is vital that researchers share enough detail about their models. Model type alone is not enough to guarantee reproducibility. Although some models can be recreated with limited information, this is not always the case, and the best results are found when the complete algorithm is shared. These findings have huge relevance when trying to apply ML in clinical practice.

Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
Assessment of cognitive dysfunction using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test: rate, severity and comparison with the Clock test alone in a population of patients referred for TAVI
Authors: Monnin C , Besutti M , Ecarnot F , Guillon B , Chatot M , Chopard R , Yahia M , Meneveau N , Schiele F 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Although not recommended in routine practice, the detection and quantification of Cognitive Dysfunction (CD) in older patients might have an impact on clinical decisions. We assessed the rate and severity of CD in an unselected population of patients referred for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and using the Clock Drawing Test (ClockT) alone.

Methods
The MoCA was performed before TAVI by an experienced operator. The ClockT was scored out of 10 points according to the Rouleau rating scale. CD was defined according to the MoCA score: No CD if score ≥26, mild CD if score 18–25, moderate if 10–17 and severe if &lt;10. Inter-observer reliability of scoring on the ClockT was estimated with the Bland-Altman method. Agreement between MoCA scores and the ClockT for ruling out and for detecting CD were measured with the Kappa coefficient.

Results
MoCA was performed in 83 consecutive patients referred for TAVI, median age 85 years. The mean time required for assessment was 11±2 min for the MoCA and 3±2 min for the ClockT. The mean MoCA score was 21±4.5: CD was excluded in 17 (20%) pts, mild CD was found in 50 (60%), moderate in 15 (18%) and severe in one (1%). The median ClockT score was 8 (interquartile 6; 9), with excellent inter-observer concordance (Kappa= 0.84). Overall, 51% of the variance of the MoCA score was explained by the ClockT alone according to multiple regression. A ClockT &lt;7 detected a group with significantly lower MoCA score, compared to pts with higher ClockT scores (figure).

Conclusion
Among patients referred for TAVI, CD can be excluded using the MoCA test in 20%, while moderate or severe CD is observed in 18%. The ClockT alone is faster to implement, reliable to interpret and enabled detection of patients with moderate CD when Rouleau scoring was &lt;7.

Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
An aberrant anterior ascending segmental pulmonary artery (A3aii) in a patient with lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Chenlei , Li Jijia , Sun Haichao , Liu Hongxu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A 60-year-old woman was admitted to our department for a left upper lobe and left lower lobe ground glass nodules. Three-dimensional computed tomography bronchography and angiography showed an aberrant anterior ascending segmental pulmonary artery (A3aii) branching from the lingular artery. We performed left upper division segmentectomy and left lower superior segmentectomy for ground glass opacity lesions, and the A3aii variation artery was safely dissected. The patient received an uneventful recovery, and the final pathologic diagnosis was early-stage multiple primary lung cancers. The A3aii branching of the lingular artery was extremely rare. Preoperative three-dimensional computed tomography bronchography and angiography was important to provide accurate vessel variation information and achieve accurate and safe segmentectomy procedure.
Polypill for prevention of cardiovascular diseases with focus on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: the PolyIran-Liver trial
Authors: Merat Shahin , Jafari Elham , Radmard Amir Reza , Khoshnia Masoud , Sharafkhah Maryam , Nateghi Baygi Alireza , Marshall Tom , Shiravi Khuzani Abolfazl , Cheng Kar Keung , Poustchi Hossein , Malekzadeh Reza 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims
Individuals with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis or elevated liver enzymes have increased cardiovascular mortality but are often excluded from prevention trials. We investigated the effectiveness of fixed-dose combination therapy for the prevention of major cardiovascular events (MCVE) among individuals with and without presumed non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (pNASH).

Methods and results
Two thousand four hundred participants over 50 were randomized into the intervention and control groups. Consent was obtained post-randomization. Consenting participants in the intervention group were given a pill containing aspirin, atorvastatin, hydrochlorothiazide, and valsartan (polypill). Participants were followed for 5 years. Presumed non-alcoholic steatohepatitis was diagnosed by ultrasonography and elevated liver enzymes. The primary outcome was MCVE. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01245608. Among the originally randomized population, 138 of 1249 in the intervention group (11.0%) and 137 of 1017 controls (13.5%) had MCVE during the 5-year follow-up [unadjusted risk ratio (RR) 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66–1.03]. Of the 1508 participants who consented to additional measurements and treatment, 63 of 787 (8.0%) intervention group participants and 86 of 721 (11.9%) controls had MCVE (adjusted RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.44–0.83). Although the adjusted relative risk of MCVE in participants with pNASH (0.35, 95% CI 0.17–0.74) was under half that for participants without pNASH (0.73, 95% CI 0.49–1.00), the difference did not reach statistical significance. There was no change in liver enzymes in participants taking polypill but among those with pNASH, there was a significant decrease after 60 months of follow-up (intragroup −12.0 IU/L, 95% CI −14.2 to −9.6).

Conclusion
Among patients consenting to receive fixed-dose combination therapy, polypill is safe and effective for the prevention of MCVE, even among participants with fatty liver and increased liver enzymes.