bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signal‐to‐noise ratio enhancement for Raman spectra based on optimized Raman spectrometer and convolutional denoising autoencoder
Authors: Fan Xian‐guang , Zeng Yingjie , Zhi Yu‐Liang , Nie Ting , Xu Ying‐jie , Wang Xin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe signal‐noise ratio plays a key role in acquiring plentiful chemical structural information in the Raman spectrometer. The miniature spectrometer is generally compact at the expense of performance. In this work, we proposed a compact, signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) enhancement of the Raman spectrometer by the optimization of optical structure and a noise reduction method. Concerning its optical structure, the Raman spectrometer is increasing the intensity by adding an off‐the‐shelf cylindrical lens. On the other side of the algorithm, a relevant automatic denoising method of convolutional denoising autoencoder (CDAE) is proposed to further advance the SNR in Raman spectra without manual intervention. The results indicate the performance of the compact Raman spectrometer could increase to a certain extent by testing with 785 nm laser and Ne/Ar source. Besides, by using CDAE to deal with contaminated Raman spectra, a higher SNR is obtained. The results demonstrate that the improvement of the hardware and algorithm is effective for removing the noisy Raman signal and achieving higher SNR. This result may be helpful in further improving the performance of integrated Raman spectrometers and research on miniaturized instruments.
Normal‐phase chromatographic separation of pigmented wine tannin by nano‐HPLC quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry and identification of candidate molecular features
Authors: Cave Jonathan R , Parker Evan , Lebrilla Carlito , Waterhouse Andrew L 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDAs a wine ages, altered sensory properties lead to changes in perceived quality and value. Concurrent modifications of anthocyanin and tannin occur forming pigmented tannin, softening astringency and retaining persistent color. Wine tannin extracts of 1990 and 2010 vintages of Oakville Station Cabernet Sauvignon have been analyzed using normal‐phase chromatography with tandem quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (QToF) to investigate the compositional differences in their pigmented tannin fractions.RESULTSThe older wine demonstrates much greater structural diversity and a range of more polar compounds, while the younger wine contains fewer observed ion peaks. Several hundred molecular features are observable, and, as expected, there is progression to higher molecular weights after long aging. Between 7% and 16% of molecular features could be matched to a database of anticipated pigmented tannin compounds. Many signals had multiple possible isomeric identities, but fragmentation to resolve their identity was stymied by low sensitivity of the tandem mass spectrometric capability provided by QToF, so isomeric disambiguation is incomplete.CONCLUSIONSThe chromatography displayed a high degree of resolution in aged wines, separating many of the known pigment types, including aldehyde bridged compounds, pyranoanthocyanins and direct condensation products among others, as well as resolving a great number of unknown compounds. Expanding our understanding of red wine pigments will lead to better wines as winemakers will be able to associate quality with particular wine pigment profiles once we can distinguish the relevant patterns in those pigments. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Prediction of specialty coffee flavors based on near‐infrared spectra using machine‑ and deep‐learning methods
Authors: Chang Yu‐Tang , Hsueh Meng‐Chien , Hung Shu‐Pin , Lu Juin‐Ming , Peng Jia‐Hung , Chen Shih‐Fang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDSpecialty coffee fascinates people with its bountiful flavors. Currently, flavor descriptions of specialty coffee beans are only offered by certified coffee cuppers. However, such professionals are rare, and the market demand is tremendous. The hypothesis of this study was to investigate the feasibility to train machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models for predicting the flavors of specialty coffee using near‐infrared spectra of ground coffee as the input. Successful model development would provide a new and objective framework to predict complex flavors in food and beverage products.ResultsIn predicting seven categories of coffee flavors, the models developed using the ML method (i.e. support vector machine) and the deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) achieved similar performance, with the recall and accuracy being 70–73% and 75–77% respectively. Through the proposed visualization method – a focusing plot – the potential correlation among the highly weighted spectral region of the DCNN model, the predicted flavor categories, and the corresponding chemical composition are presented.ConclusionThis study has proven the feasibility of applying ML and DL methods on the near‐infrared spectra of ground coffee to predict specialty coffee flavors. The effective models provided moderate prediction for seven flavor categories based on 266 samples. The results of classification and visualization indicate that the DCNN model developed is a promising and explainable method for coffee flavor prediction. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Oncogenic miRNA‐1908 targets HDAC10 and promotes the aggressive phenotype of cervical cancer cell
Authors: Yu Dong‐Sheng , Song Xiao‐Lei , Yan Chao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) have vital functions in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. The significance of miR‐1908 in cervical cancer has not been determined. We revealed that miR‐1908 was notably upregulated in cervical cancer. Upregulation of miR‐1908 increased cervical carcinoma cell growth and invasion. Downregulation of miR‐1908 caused the opposite effects. We confirmed that histone deacetylase 10 (HDAC10) was a potential target of miR‐1908 using bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter gene assays. Western blot analysis showed that miR‐1908 regulated the expression of HDAC10 by binding its 3′‐UTR. In addition, ectopic expression of HDAC10 partially reversed the promoting effects of miR‐1908. In conclusion, our findings indicated that miR‐1908 targets HDAC10 in cervical cancer and regulates aggressive cervical cancer cell phenotypes.
Extensive impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on pelvic floor dysfunctions care: A nationwide interdisciplinary survey
Authors: Sacco Emilio , Gandi Carlo , Li Marzi Vincenzo , Lamberti Gianfranco , Serati Maurizio , Agro' Enrico Finazzi , Soligo Marco ,   the Italian Society of Urodynamics (SIUD)
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsTo investigate the impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on health‐care provision to patients suffering from pelvic floor dysfunctions in Italy.MethodsA retrospective web‐based interdisciplinary survey was mailed by the Italian Society of Urodynamics to members involved in pelvic floor dysfunctions management from June 22, 2020 to July 17, 2020. The 84‐item questionnaire investigated the period March–June 2020 (first epidemic wave) and showed high content validity. The primary outcome was the mean rate of cancellation for health‐care services. Secondary outcomes included estimation of the accumulated surgeries backload until return to baseline activity and of the recovery pattern, using linear regression and scenario‐based forecasting.ResultsA total of 85 participants provided complete responses. Respondents were mostly urologists (47%), followed by gynecologists (29.5%) and physiatrists (17.6%). On average, 78.4% of outpatient services and 82.7% of functional surgeries were canceled, without significant differences by geographical distribution. An impact on patients' quality of life was anticipated by most of the respondents (87%) and 48.2% also reported potentially serious health risks for patients. Thirty‐three percent of the respondents reported the use of telemedicine. If the nation‐wide surgical activity increases by 20% postpandemic, it would take 37 months to clear the backlog of functional surgeries. We acknowledge the inherent limitations of the survey methodology and retrospective design.ConclusionsAccess to care for patients suffering from pelvic floor dysfunctions has been dramatically affected by the COVID‐19 outbreak. The indirect effects of this unprecedented disruption on pelvic floor dysfunctions care may last for several months.
Braess' paradox: A cooperative game‐theoretic point of view
Authors: Passacantando Mauro , Gnecco Giorgio , Hadas Yuval , Sanguineti Marcello 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBraess' paradox is a classical result in the theory of congestion games. It motivates theoretically why adding a resource (e.g., an arc) to a network may sometimes worsen, rather than improve, the overall network performance. Differently from previous literature, which studies Braess' paradox in a non‐cooperative game‐theoretic setting, in this work, a framework is proposed to investigate its occurrence by exploiting cooperative games with transferable utility (TU games) on networks. In this way, instead of focusing on the marginal contribution to the network utility provided by the insertion of an arc when a single initial scenario is considered, the arc average marginal utility with respect to various initial scenarios, that is, its Shapley value in a suitably‐defined TU game, is evaluated. It is shown that, for choices of the utility function of the TU game modeling congestion, there are cases for which the Shapley value associated with an arc is negative, meaning that its average marginal contribution to the network utility is negative.
Weighted integral solvers for elastic scattering by open arcs in two dimensions
Authors: Bruno Oscar P. , Xu Liwei , Yin Tao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe present new methodologies for the numerical solution of problems of elastic scattering by open arcs in two dimensions. The algorithms utilize weighted versions of the classical elastic integral operators associated with Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions, where the integral weight accounts for (and regularizes) the singularity of the integral‐equation solutions at the open‐arc endpoints. Crucially, the method also incorporates a certain “open‐arc elastic Calderón relation” introduced in this article, whose validity is demonstrated on the basis of numerical experiments, but whose rigorous mathematical proof is left for future work. (In fact, the aforementioned open‐arc elastic Calderón relation generalizes a corresponding elastic Calderón relation for closed surfaces, which is also introduced in this article, and for which a rigorous proof is included.) Using the open‐surface Calderón relation in conjunction with spectrally accurate quadrature rules and the Krylov‐subspace linear algebra solver GMRES, the proposed overall open‐arc elastic solver produces results of high accuracy in small number of iterations, for both low and high frequencies. A variety of numerical examples in this article demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed methodology.
Al2O3‐47 nm and Al2O3‐36 nm characterizations of nonlinear differential equations for biomedical applications: Magnetized peristaltic transport
Authors: Farooq Shahid , Khan Muhammad Ijaz , Alzahrani Faris , Hobiny Aatef 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCurrent research models the Al2O3 47nm and Al2O3 36nm nanoparticles transportation through peristalsis with entropy optimization. Conservation laws for mass, momentum and energy are used to model the present flow situation. These equations elaborates the magnetohydrodynamics, Hall, thermal radiation, Joule heating, heat generation and absorption. Convective heat transfer impacts are studied at channel walls. Entropy is modeled in view of thermodynamics second law. Two different expressions for effective viscosity are accounted. Simplification of the modeled equations is done through lubrication assumptions. Solution for momentum equation is obtained analytically and for numerically for temperature equation. Built‐in shooting procedure is utilized to obtain the desired numerical results. Later on these obtained results are used to sketch and discussed the flow quantities of interest for the influential parameters accounted in the problem.
A Genome‐Wide Association Study of Childhood Body Fatness
Authors: Warner Erica T. , Jiang Lai , Adjei David Nana , Turman Constance , Gordon William , Wang Lu , Tamimi Rulla , Kraft Peter , Lindström Sara 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveThis study aimed to uncover genetic contributors to adiposity in early life.MethodsA genome‐wide association study of childhood body fatness in 34,401 individuals within the Nurses’ Health Studies and the Health Professionals Follow‐up Study was conducted. Data were imputed to the 1000 Genomes Phase 3 version 5 reference panel.ResultsA total of 1,354 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (P < 10−4) were selected for replication in a previously published genome‐wide association study of childhood BMI. Nineteen significant genome‐wide (P < 5 × 10−8) regions were observed, fourteen of which were previously associated with childhood obesity and five were novel: BNDF (P = 7.58 × 10−13), PRKD1 (P = 1.43 × 10−10), 20p13 (P = 2.05 × 10−10), FHIT (P = 1.77 × 10−8), and LOC101927575 (P = 3.22 × 10−8). The BNDF, FHIT, and PRKD1 regions were previously associated with adult BMI. LOC101927575 and 20p13 regions have not previously been associated with adiposity phenotypes. In a transcriptome‐wide analysis, associations for POMC at 2p23.3 (P = 3.36 × 10−6) and with TMEM18 at 2p25.3 (P = 3.53 × 10−7) were observed. Childhood body fatness was genetically correlated with hip (rg = 0.42, P = 4.44 × 10−16) and waist circumference (rg = 0.39, P = 5.56 × 10−16), as well as age at menarche (rg = −0.37, P = 7.96 × 10−19).ConclusionsAdditional loci that contribute to childhood adiposity were identified, further explicating its genetic architecture.
Interaction of cutting disc with heterogeneous ground
Authors: Butt Sahir , Meschke Günther 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this contribution, the peridynamic theory [1] is utilized to analyze the interaction of cutting disc of a Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) with mixed (heterogeneous) ground conditions. Peridynamic formulations, in contrast to classical continuum theory, do not contain spatial derivatives [1,2], which makes it a preferable tool for modeling phenomena involving discontinuities, such as complex fracture and fragmentation processes [3]. The model was initially used to simulate a full‐scale Linear Cutting Machine (LCM) test for various penetration levels [4]. The cutting forces obtained were in agreement with the experiment [5]. Excavation process in mixed ground conditions is analyzed using simulations in which a cutting disc moves from a soft ground (soil, weathered rock or soft rock) region into a hard rock region. There is a sudden increase in the force on the cutting disc as it moves from a soft to hard ground, this abnormal peak in force is further investigated with respect to various tool penetrations.
Damage Optimisation for Air Bending
Authors: Guhr Fabian , Barthold Franz-Joseph 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLoad and shape optimisation are applied to the process of air bending to optimise the damage state in the formed component. The enhanced process of elastomer bending is optimised, which yields a reduced damage state due to the superimposed radial stresses in the critical area of the forming process. The optimisation presented here is twofold. First, the elastomer is replaced by nodal loads to generate optimised loads for a reduced damage state. Second, the elastomer itself is optimised via shape optimisation by adjusting the layer for two kinds of elastomer of varying stiffness. The optimisation is accomplished with the commercial FEM software Abaqus as the solver for the mechanical problem and Matlab is used for optimisation.
Simulation of a tool shank for HSC‐milling under the influence of an unbalance
Authors: Schmidt Rico , Ams Alfons 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHSC (High Speed Cutting) milling is one of the most common production processes in tool‐making and mold‐making industries. One aim of current investigations is a better understanding of the dynamics of a tool shank with high slenderness. Often the revolution speed is higher than the lowest eigenfrequencies of the tool shank, so that resonance can appear during run‐up or run‐out.The focus will be placed on the influence of an unbalance. Starting with the geometrical nonlinear kinematics for the strains, the Hamilton's principle is evaluated to obtain the variational formulation of the tool shank. The unbalance is implemented with a stochastic WEDIG‐DIMENTBERG model. In the following‐up RITZ approach is used for discretization and the eigenfrequencies are computed. Afterwards the results are discussed for certain examples.
Numerical modelling of electro‐viscoelasticity for fibre reinforced electro‐active polymers
Authors: Kanan Anas , Kaliske Michael 
Published: January 2021

AbstractElectro‐active polymers (EAP) are smart materials that can deform dramatically and quasi‐instantaneously in response to an applied electric field. These properties make them suitable to be used as soft robotic actuators. As any passive rubber‐like material, those electro‐sensitive components are quasi‐incompressible and may show pronounced time‐dependent hysteresis behaviour. The direction of the electric field induced deformation can be tuned by incorporating stiff fibres in a relatively soft EAP, which renders an anisotropic mechanical response of the whole composite. The contribution at hand presents a constitutive model which is suitable for the simulation of an electro‐viscoelastic behaviour of transversely isotropic EAP. The material model is based on an additive split of the total energy function into purely mechanical, electrical and coupled electro‐mechanical contributions. The mechanical part of the energy is further decomposed into isotropic and anisotropic parts. For the electrical and the coupled contributions, formulations for both the perfectly linear dielectric and the nonlinear (deformation dependent) electrical response are presented. Regarding the numerical implementation, a mixed quasi‐incompressible and quasi‐inextensible electro‐mechanical finite element is developed. In addition to the displacement and electric potential, four additional field variables are introduced. The capabilities of the proposed theory and its numerical treatment are demonstrated through simulations of several electro‐mechanical actuator structures. The utilization of a quasi‐inextensible finite element is shown to improve the convergence behaviour of the numerical solution, allowing for the simulation of complex loading scenarios of fibre reinforced EAP in an efficient manner.
Flow instability in high‐Prandtl‐number thermocapillary liquid bridges exposed to a coaxial ambient gas stream
Authors: Stojanovic Mario , Kuhlmann Hendrik C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNumerical studies have been conducted in order to investigate the linear stability of thermocapillary flow in a liquid bridge suspended between two coaxial, solid rods of different temperatures. We address the full two‐phase flow problem in which both the rods and the liquid bridge are placed in a concentric cylinder and exposed to a nominally axial flow field. Two features distinguish our linear stability analysis from earlier investigations. Firstly, our computational model allows the liquid–gas interface of the basic flow to be dynamically deformable, being affected by the basic temperature and velocity fields. Beyond that, our model accounts for the full temperature dependence of all thermophysical properties of the fluids. Since the problem involves many parameters, we consider a liquid bridge of 5 cSt silicone oil (Pr = 68) and focus on the effect of the ambient gas (Argon) on the flow instability that leads to the onset of three‐dimensional flow. Critical modes are analyzed for a length‐to‐radius aspect ratio of Γ = 1.
Seismic exploration in tunneling using full waveform inversion with a frequency domain model
Authors: Riedel Christopher , Musayev Khayal , Baitsch Matthias , Hackl Klaus 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWith the knowledge of the geology in front of a tunnel, the excavation process can be optimized to avoid damage at the tunnel boring machine and settlements on the surface. Therefore, dwell times can be decreased and additional expenses can be avoided. Transmitted seismic waves will be spread, reflected and refracted due to geological changes. By utilizing geophones, the seismic waves will be captured and information about the geological structure in front of the tunnel can be extracted from the measured seismograms using e.g. the concept of full waveform inversion. A frequency domain model has been employed to demonstrate the potential of full waveform inversion for seismic reconnaissance in a tunnel environment. The success of the inversion procedure depends strongly on the positions of the utilized sender and receiver stations, the chosen initial material parameter distribution, and on the selected frequency groups for the inversion. Further challenges are an accurate representation of the reflecting surfaces and the application of absorbing borders to oppress reflections from the artificial boundaries, which delimit the analyzed domain. The results of the performed full waveform inversion for synthetic models of a 3D tunnel configuration with different disturbances ahead of the front tunnel face will be discussed. Additionally, the influence of different locations of the sender and receiver stations will be analyzed.
The differentiation index of nonlinear differential‐algebraic equations versus the relative degree of nonlinear control systems
Authors: Chen Yahao , Trenn Stephan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIt is claimed in [1] that the notion of the relative degree in nonlinear control theory is closely related to that of the differentiation index for nonlinear differential‐algebraic equations (DAEs). In this paper, we give more insights on this claim via a recent proposed concept (see [2]) called the explicitation of DAEs. The explicitation attaches a class of control systems to a given DAE, we show that the relative degree of the systems in the explicitation class is invariant in some sense and that the differentiation index of the original DAE coincides with the maximum of the relative degree of the explicitation systems.
Biopolymer segmentation from CLSM microscopy images using a convolutional neural network
Authors: Asgharzadeh Pouyan , Birkhold Annette I. , Özdemir Bugra , Reski Ralf , Röhrle Oliver 
Published: January 2021

AbstractConfocal microscopy allows visualization of biopolymer networks at the nano scale. Analyzing the structure and assembly of protein networks from images requires a segmentation process. This has proven to be challenging due to multiple possible sources of noise in images as well as exhibition of out‐of‐focus planes. Here, we present a deep learning‐based segmentation procedure for confocal laser scanning microscopy images of biopolymer networks. Utilizing an encoder‐decoder network architecture, our deep neural network achieved a dice score of 0.88 in segmenting images of filamentous temperature sensitive Z proteins from chloroplasts of Physcomitrella patens, a moss.
The moving particles method for reliability estimation: recent advances
Authors: Proppe Carsten 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the following, recent advances of the moving particles method are highlighted. A multi level version of the estimator is introduced that balances the statistical error and the numerical approximation error by computing a telescoping sum of estimates for the number of moves. An extension to general model classes in the sense of a multi fidelity method is obtained based on the estimation of bivariate Poisson distributions for censored data. Finally, the local sensitivity of the reliability estimate with respect to the parameters of the probability characteristics of the model input is considered. It is shown how to obtain estimates of the local sensitivity without any additional function evaluations.