bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UK and Ireland survey of MPharm student and staff experiences of mental health curricula, with a focus on Mental Health First Aid
Authors: Gorton H. C. , Macfarlane H. , Edwards R. , Farid S. , Garner E. , Mahroof M. , Rasul S. , Keating D. , Zaman H. , Scott J. , Maidment I. , Strawbridge J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
One in four people experience a mental health problem every year and improving mental health care is an international priority. In the course of their work, pharmacists frequently encounter people with mental health problems. The experience of mental health teaching, including Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training, in undergraduate pharmacy (MPharm) students in the UK and Ireland is not well documented. Students’ viewpoints, contextualised with curricular overviews provided by staff, were analysed to understand their experience.

Methods
An anonymous, online questionnaire was distributed to MPharm students and staff in the UK and Ireland. Students were asked closed questions regarding their course and exposure to MHFA, which were analysed using descriptive statistics. Open questions were included to enable explanations and these data were used to contextualise the quantitative findings. One member of staff from each university was invited to answer a modified staff version of the questionnaire, to provide a curriculum overview and staff perspective.

Results
232 students and 13 staff, from 22 universities, responded. Three-quarters of students did not agree with the statement that ‘mental health was embedded throughout the MPharm’. Most students (80.6%) stated that they were taught neuropharmacology whilst 44.8% stated that their course included communicating with people about their mental health. One-third (33.2%) of students stated that their degree ‘adequately prepared them to help people with their mental health’. Twenty-six students (11.6%) had completed MHFA training of which 89% would endorse inclusion of this within the MPharm. Of those who had not completed the training, 81% expressed a desire to do so. Those who completed MHFA training self-reported greater preparedness than those who did not, but student numbers were small.

Conclusions
Mental health teaching for pharmacy undergraduates is more focussed on theoretical aspects rather than applied skills. MHFA was viewed by students as one way to enhance skill application. The association of the increased self-reported preparedness of those who completed MHFA could be confounded by a positive environmental cultural. MPharm programmes need sufficient focus on real-world skills such as communication and crisis response, to complement the fundamental science.
Understanding neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and their implications in clinical practice
Authors: Pang Natalie Yan-Lin , Pang Alexander Shao-Rong , Chow Vincent T. , Wang De-Yun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 is a newly identified member of the coronavirus family that has caused the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This rapidly evolving and unrelenting SARS-CoV-2 has disrupted the lives and livelihoods of millions worldwide. As of 23 August 2021, a total of 211,373,303 COVID-19 cases have been confirmed globally with a death toll of 4,424,341. A strong understanding of the infection pathway of SARS-CoV-2, and how our immune system responds to the virus is highly pertinent for guiding the development and improvement of effective treatments. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of neutralising antibodies (NAbs) and their implications in clinical practice. The aspects include the pathophysiology of the immune response, particularly humoral adaptive immunity and the roles of NAbs from B cells in infection clearance. We summarise the onset and persistence of IgA, IgM and IgG antibodies, and we explore their roles in neutralising SARS-CoV-2, their persistence in convalescent individuals, and in reinfection. Furthermore, we also review the applications of neutralising antibodies in the clinical setting—from predictors of disease severity to serological testing to vaccinations, and finally in therapeutics such as convalescent plasma infusion.
Design and 3D printing of variant pediatric heart models for training based on a single patient scan
Authors: Hopfner Carina , Jakob Andre , Tengler Anja , Grab Maximilian , Thierfelder Nikolaus , Brunner Barbara , Thierij Alisa , Haas Nikolaus A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
3D printed models of pediatric hearts with congenital heart disease have been proven helpful in simulation training of diagnostic and interventional catheterization. However, anatomically accurate 3D printed models are traditionally based on real scans of clinical patients requiring specific imaging techniques, i.e., CT or MRI. In small children both imaging technologies are rare as minimization of radiation and sedation is key. 3D sonography does not (yet) allow adequate imaging of the entire heart for 3D printing. Therefore, an alternative solution to create variant 3D printed heart models for teaching and hands-on training has been established.

Methods
In this study different methods utilizing image processing and computer aided design software have been established to overcome this shortage and to allow unlimited variations of 3D heart models based on single patient scans. Patient-specific models based on a CT or MRI image stack were digitally modified to alter the original shape and structure of the heart. Thereby, 3D hearts showing various pathologies were created. Training models were adapted to training level and aims of hands-on workshops, particularly for interventional cardiology.

Results
By changing the shape and structure of the original anatomy, various training models were created of which four examples are presented in this paper: 1. Design of perimembranous and muscular ventricular septal defect on a heart model with patent ductus arteriosus, 2. Series of heart models with atrial septal defect showing the long-term hemodynamic effect of the congenital heart defect on the right atrial and ventricular wall, 3. Implementation of simplified heart valves and addition of the myocardium to a right heart model with pulmonary valve stenosis, 4. Integration of a constructed 3D model of the aortic valve into a pulsatile left heart model with coarctation of the aorta. All presented models have been successfully utilized and evaluated in teaching or hands-on training courses.

Conclusions
It has been demonstrated that non-patient-specific anatomical variants can be created by modifying existing patient-specific 3D heart models. This way, a range of pathologies can be modeled based on a single CT or MRI dataset. Benefits of designed 3D models for education and training purposes have been successfully applied in pediatric cardiology but can potentially be transferred to simulation training in other medical fields as well.
Dilemma of migraine diagnosis and management among non-neurologists
Authors: Fathy Mai , ElSadek Ahmed , Farag Sherien , Helmy Shahinaz , AbdElMoneim Amr 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Migraine is a common and debilitating disorder however there is a wide gap in its diagnosis and management. Many migraine patients present to non-neurologists, so it is of utmost importance that non neurologists become well oriented with the diagnostic criteria and different lines of management. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of non-neurologists towards migraine.

Results
About 45% of physicians in our study refer migraine patients to non-neurologists, only 20.96% are aware of both classic and novel treatments, 43% had poor knowledge of migraine symptoms and management, 32.34% recommended using medical tailored programs to increase the awareness of non-neurologists regarding migraine.

Conclusions
There is a wide gap of knowledge concerning migraine among non-neurologists.
The technical and the social: challenges in the conservation of earthen vernacular architecture in a changing world (Jujuy, Argentina)
Authors: Tomasi Jorge , Barada Julieta 
Published: August 2021

AbstractVernacular earthen architecture presents a series of relevant conservation challenges that involve designing solutions for different kinds of alterations and degradations. Other challenges of a social nature simultaneously arise and are related, among other factors, to the participation of local communities and the actions of different institutional actors. Understanding these phenomena has generally been approached from perspectives that take technical considerations and social dynamics as separate fields. The current global context has resulted in an acceleration of changes in these dynamics, in terms of both techniques and management models, giving rise to the need to develop comprehensive conceptual and methodological approaches through which these challenges should be addressed jointly by recombining the technical and the social.This paper will analyse the main problems affecting vernacular architectures in three communities in northern Argentina, where earthen techniques have been very relevant. We will reflect on various potentially useful theoretical frameworks, incorporating concepts from the anthropology of technology and methodological approaches from an ethnography of conservation as a way to work with multiple ontologies.
Rising co-payments and continuity of healthcare for Dutch patients with bipolar disorder: retrospective longitudinal cohort study
Authors: van der Lee Arnold P. M. , Kupka Ralph , de Haan Lieuwe , Beekman Aartjan T. F. 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundThe Netherlands has few financial barriers to access mental healthcare. However, in 2012, a sharp rise in co-payments was introduced.AimsWe tested whether these increased co-payments coincided with less guideline-recommended continuous out-patient psychiatric care and more crisis interventions for patients with bipolar disorder.MethodA retrospective longitudinal cohort study on a health insurance registry was performed to examine trends, and deviations from these trends, in the healthcare received by patients with bipolar disorder. Deviations of trends were tested by time-series analyses (autoregressive integrated moving average). Subsequently, the relationship between significant deviations of trends and rise in co-payments was examined. Outcome measures were the level of standard out-patient care (out-patient psychiatric care and/or medication), crisis psychiatric care and somatic care.ResultsThe cohort comprised 3210 patients. During follow-up, the use of psychiatric care decreased and somatic care increased. The high rise in co-payments from 2012 onward coincided with decreases in standard out-patient care and increases in medication-only treatment, crisis psychiatric care and somatic care. Crisis intervention was highest when patients received only bipolar disorder medication. Patients receiving continuous standard out-patient care (62%) had less crisis intervention compared with the other patients.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the rise of co-payments decreased guideline-recommended continuous out-patient psychiatric care among patients with bipolar disorder, and increased crisis psychiatric care.
Interactive Data Visualization Tool for Patient-Centered Decision Making in Kidney Cancer
Authors: Shee Kevin , Pal Sumanta K. , Wells J. Connor , Ruiz-Morales Jose Manuel , Russell Kenton , Dudani Shaan , Choueiri Toni K. , Heng Daniel Y. , Gore John L. , Odisho Anobel Y. 
Published: August 2021

PURPOSE Patients and providers often lack clinical decision tools to enable effective shared decision making. This is especially true in the rapidly changing therapeutic landscape of metastatic kidney cancer. Using the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC) criteria, a validated risk prediction tool for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, we created and user-tested a novel interactive visualization for clinical use. METHODS An interactive visualization depicting IMDC criteria was created, with the final version including data for more than 4,500 patients. Usability testing was performed with nonmedical lay-users and medical oncology fellow physicians. Subjects used the tool to calculate median survival times based on IMDC criteria. User confidence was surveyed. An iterative user feedback implementation cycle was completed and informed revision of the tool. RESULTS The tool is available at CloViz—IMDC. Initially, 400 lay-users and 15 physicians completed clinical scenarios and surveys. Cumulative accuracy across scenarios was higher for physicians than lay-users (84% v 74%; P = .03). Eighty-three percent of lay-users and 87% of physicians thought the tool became intuitive with use. Sixty-eight percent of lay-users wanted to use the tool clinically compared with 87% of physicians. After revisions, the updated tool was user-tested with 100 lay-users and 15 physicians. Physicians, but not lay-users, showed significant improvement in accuracy in the updated version of the tool (90% v 67%; P = .008). Seventy-two percent of lay-users and 93% of physicians wanted to use the updated tool in a clinical setting. CONCLUSION A graphical method of interacting with a validated nomogram provides prognosis results that can be used by nonmedical lay-users and physicians, and has the potential for expanded use across many clinical conditions.
Gastrointestinal Hormones and β-Cell Function After Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial (Oseberg)
Authors: Fatima Farhat , Hjelmesæth Jøran , Birkeland Kåre Inge , Gulseth Hanne Løvdal , Hertel Jens Kristoffer , Svanevik Marius , Sandbu Rune , Småstuen Milada Cvancarova , Hartmann Bolette , Holst Jens Juul , Hofsø Dag 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Context
Whether Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) differentially affect postprandial gastrointestinal hormones and β-cell function in type 2 diabetes remains unclear.

Objective
We aimed to compare gastrointestinal hormones and β-cell function, assessed by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 5 weeks and 1 year after surgery, hypothesizing higher glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels and greater β-cell response to glucose after RYGB than after SG.

Methods
This study was a randomized, triple-blind, single-center trial at a tertiary care center in Norway. The primary outcomes were diabetes remission and IVGTT-derived β-cell function. Participants with obesity and type 2 diabetes were allocated (1:1) to RYGB or SG. We measured gastrointestinal hormone profiles and insulin secretion as β-cell glucose sensitivity (β-GS) derived from 180-minute OGTTs.

Results
Participants were 106 patients (67% women), mean (SD) age 48 (10) years. Diabetes remission rates at 1 year were higher after RYGB than after SG (77% vs 48%; P = 0.002). Incremental area under the curve (iAUC0-180) GLP-1 and β-GS increased more after RYGB than after SG, with 1-year between-group difference 1173 pmol/L*min (95% CI, 569-1776; P = 0.0010) and 0.45 pmol/kg/min/mmol (95% CI, 0.15-0.75; P = 0.0032), respectively. After surgery, fasting and postprandial ghrelin levels were higher and decremental AUC0-180 ghrelin, iAUC0-180 glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, and iAUC0-60 glucagon were greater after RYGB than after SG. Diabetes remission at 1 year was associated with higher β-GS and higher GLP-1 secretion.

Conclusion
RYGB was associated with greater improvement in β-cell function and higher postprandial GLP-1 levels than SG.
Mechanisms of OCT4 on 3,5,3’-Tri-iodothyronine and FSH-induced Granulosa Cell Development in Female Mice
Authors: Wang Qiaozhi , Yao Yilin , Ma Xiaoshu , Fu Baoqiang , Li Ningxin , Zhang Cheng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) regulates the pluripotency of stem cells and also plays important roles in granulosa cells growth, which is regulated by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Thyroid hormone (TH) is important for the development and maturation of follicles and the maintenance of various endocrine functions. Although 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) enhances the effects of FSH on the regulation of the growth of granulosa cells and development of follicles, it is unclear whether and, if so, how TH combines with FSH to regulate OCT4 expression in granulosa cells during the preantral to early antral transition stage. Our results showed that T3 enhanced FSH-induced OCT4 expression. However, T3/FSH-induced cellular growth was reduced by OCT4 small interfering RNA. OCT4 knockdown significantly increased the number of apoptotic cell. Moreover, T3 combined with FSH to increase estrogen receptor β (ERβ) expression but did not significantly affect estrogen receptor α expression. ERβ knockdown dramatically decreased T3/FSH-induced OCT4 expression and cell development and increased cell apoptosis. The phosphoinositide 3-kinases/protein kinase B pathway was involved in hormones inducing OCT4 and ERβ expressions. Furthermore, the hormones regulating OCT4 and ERβ expressions were regulated by cytochrome P450 lanosterol 14a-demethylase (CYP51), a key enzyme in sterol and steroid biosynthesis. T3 and FSH cotreatment potentiated cellular development by upregulating OCT4 expression, which is mediated by CYP51 and ERβ. These regulatory processes are mediated by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway. These findings suggest that OCT4 mediates the T3 and FSH-induced development of follicles.
Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) in preclinical research: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Carroll Pádraig , Dervan Adrian , Maher Anthony , McCarthy Ciarán , Woods Ian , Kavanagh Rachel , Beirne Cliff , Harte Geoff , O'Flynn Dónal , Murphy Paul , Quinlan John , Holton Alice , Casey Sarah , Moriarty Frank , Smith Éimear , O'Brien Fergal J. , Flood Michelle 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Patient and public involvement (PPI) aims to improve the quality, relevance, and appropriateness of research and ensure that it meets the needs and expectations of those affected by particular conditions to the greatest possible degree. The evidence base for the positive impact of PPI on clinical research continues to grow, but the role of PPI in preclinical research (an umbrella term encompassing ‘basic’, ‘fundamental’, ‘translational’ or ‘lab-based’ research) remains limited. As funding bodies and policymakers continue to increase emphasis on the relevance of PPI to preclinical research, it is timely to map the PPI literature to support preclinical researchers involving the public, patients, or other service users in their research. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review is to explore the literature on patient and public involvement in preclinical research from any discipline. Methods: This scoping review will search the literature in Medline (PubMed), Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and OpenGrey.net to explore the application of PPI in preclinical research. This review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines for scoping reviews. It will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Two reviewers will independently review articles for inclusion in the final review. Data extraction will be guided by the research questions. The PPI advisory panel will then collaboratively identify themes in the extracted data. Discussion: This scoping review will provide a map of current evidence surrounding preclinical PPI, and identify the body of literature on this topic, which has not been comprehensively reviewed to date. Findings will inform ongoing work of the research team, support the work of other preclinical researchers aiming to include PPI in their own research, and identify knowledge and practice gaps. Areas for future research will be identified.
Representações do feminino nas “artes da cal” do sul de Portugal
Authors: Monteiro Patrícia Alexandra Rodrigues 
Published: August 2021

Através da arte a mulher conheceu diferentes formas de representação, as quais obedeceram a contextos históricos específicos e imposições sociais ou culturais. Essa extraordinária diversidade de morfologias e de significados perdurou durante séculos, alcançando novas vias de expressão através de técnicas tradicionais decorativas (como a pintura mural ou o stucco). Neste texto analisaremos algumas das principais morfologias da representação feminina através das “artes da cal”, no sul de Portugal.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Pintura Mural. Stucco. Sul. Portugal.
A assinatura de Maria Francisca de Freitas (Capitania de Sergipe de El-Rei,1796)
Authors: Santos Vera Maria dos 
Published: August 2021

Neste artigo, proponho-me, inicialmente, traçar o perfil de Maria Francisca de Freitas e, em seguida, compreender o seu nível de alfabetização, por meio dos indícios encontrados no inventário de 1796. A análise se desenvolve de modo a descortinar o véu que cobriu a face da mulher sergipana no século XVIII.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Assinatura. Capitania de Sergipe de El-Rei. Século XVIII.
Dentro da memória e das águas das identidades: a construção da personagem Rosa Cabral em Dentro de ti ver o mar
Authors: Santos Amanda Gomes dos , Pinheiro Vanessa Riambau 
Published: August 2021

O propósito desta pesquisa é abordar a personagem Rosa Cabral, que protagoniza o romance português Dentro de ti ver o mar (2013) de Inês Pedrosa. A análise parte da construção dessa personagem feminina por meio das memórias e das identidades que se intercambiam como elementos norteadores da fadista na narrativa.
Palavras-chave:InêsPedrosa. Memória. Identidades.
Heloísa e Abelardo
Authors: Guimarães Ged , Pinheiro Veralucia , Oliveira Maria Regina de Lima Gonçalves 
Published: August 2021

Neste artigo a questão central é debater os aspectos subjacentes ao tórrido romance vivido por Abelardo e Heloísa, transcorrido no final do século XII em Paris, período de extrema valorização espiritual e vigilância do corpo, no qual a mulher era vista como um ser fraco, carente e de natureza obediente; enquanto o homem, aquele que comanda.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Corpo Cristão. Corpo herético. Insubordinação.
Existe uma Cultura Literária Lésbica?
Authors: Gomyde Monalisa Almeida Cesetti 
Published: August 2021

O intuito deste artigo é questionar a existência de uma cultura literária lésbica, desde a abordagem materialista de Monique Wittig (1992) acerca da categoria lésbica. A situação das mulheres no patriarcado será caracterizada por meio dos conceitos de colonização oferecidos por Alfredo Bosi (1992) e Claudia Von Werlhof (2015). Posteriormente, lésbicas serão posicionadas como fugitivas do regime colonizador heterossexual do patriarcado e sua criação literária como proveniente de uma cultura resistente à colonização masculina.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Literatura Lésbica. Cultura Lésbica. Estudos Feministas.
“Escravas da Mãy Santíssima”
Authors: Pardal Francisco José Pegacha 
Published: August 2021

Este artigo aborda a devoção das religiosas dos conventos das Chagas, de Santa Cruz e da Esperança a Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Vila Viçosa, padroeira de Portugal. Inscritas na Irmandade dos Escravos, fizeram a ponte entre a igreja matriz e os meios claustrais mais nobres da localidade.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Nossa Senhora da Conceição. Conventos. Irmandade.
A 𝑃1 Finite Element Method for a Distributed Elliptic Optimal Control Problem with a General State Equation and Pointwise State Constraints
Authors: Brenner Susanne C. , Liu Sijing , Sung Li-Yeng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We investigate a

P
1

P_{1}

finite element method for an elliptic distributed optimal control problem with pointwise state constraints and a state equation that includes advective/convective and reactive terms.
The convergence of this method can be established for general polygonal/polyhedral domains that are not necessarily convex.
The discrete problem is a strictly convex quadratic program with box constraints that can be solved efficiently by a primal-dual active set algorithm.