bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soft Biomorph Actuators Enabled by Wafer‐Scale Ultrathin 2D PtTe2Layers
Authors: Okogbue Emmanuel , Mofid Sohrab Alex , Yoo Changhyeon , Han Sang Sub , Jung Yeonwoong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBiomorph actuators composed of two layers with asymmetric thermal expansion properties are widely explored owing to their high mechanical adaptability. Electrothermal nanomaterials are employed as the Joule heating components in them for controlled thermal expansion, while their large integration thickness often limits resulting actuation performances. This study reports high‐performance ultrathin soft biomorph actuators enabled by near atom‐thickness 2D platinum ditelluride (PtTe2) layers—a new class of emergent metallic 2D transition metal dichalcogenides. The actuators employ wafer‐scale 2D PtTe2layers sandwiched in between two polymer films of largely mismatched thermal expansion coefficients, which are electrically biased to generate Joule heating. This electrical‐to‐thermal conversion causes the asymmetric expansion of the polymers achieving outstanding actuation motions; i.e., large bending curvature, fast responsiveness, as well as high reversibility and endurance, which surpass the performances of previously explored graphene‐based actuators with much smaller dimensions. Furthermore, the 2D PtTe2layers‐enabled actuators are demonstrated to function as soft grippers in lifting and relocating heavier objects, implying the great potential of near atom‐thickness materials in biomimetic devices.
Highly Durable and Stretchable Ti3C2Tx/PPy‐Fabric‐Based Strain Sensor for Human‐Motion Detection
Authors: Yang Kun , Cheng Haonan , Wang Bo , Tan Yongsong , Ye Ting , Yang Yongqiang , Wang Chaoxia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFlexible, stretchable, and wearable fabric strain sensors can easily detect human motions and monitor human health, but their utility is limited by poor stability and sensing performance. The stability and sensing performances of the fabric strain sensors are invariably determined by the fabric and conductive materials. Here, a Ti3C2Tx/polypyrrole (PPy) nylon strain sensor is fabricated using a facile one‐step polymerization of pyrrole (Py) monomers in the presence of Ti3C2Txsuspension at 0 °C. The Ti3C2Txnanosheets/PPy nanospheres heterostructure adhered to the nylon substrate inhibits mutual agglomeration and stacking, which provides more electron transfer pathways. The nylon substrate and two conductive materials endow the sensor with excellent stretchability (50%), low resistance (80 Ω cm−1), fast response (40 ms), and recovery (70 ms), a wide sensing range (0–50%), and long‐term sensing function (2000 cycles). With these virtues, the prepared Ti3C2Tx/PPy nylon sensor can monitor human activities effectively, including joint bending (finger, elbow, and knee) and subtle motions (carotid pulse, slight pressing, and speaking vibrations). The flexible and highly conductive Ti3C2Tx/PPy strain sensor exhibits a promising sensing performance against the external strain, allowing it to be used in health‐care monitoring.
Photopolymerization of Zeolite Filler‐Based Composites for Potential 3D Printing Application and Gas Adsorption Applications
Authors: Zhang Yijun , Gao Yuanyuan , Josien Ludovic , Nouali Habiba , Vaulot Cyril , Simon‐Masseron Angélique , Lalevée Jacques 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn recent years, photopolymerization has been found wide applications in industry and daily life, while many defective properties of polymers limit their development, including compressive strength, mechanical properties, and functions. Furthermore, zeolites are microporous solids with many industrial applications. As fillers they can improve mechanical properties of zeolite/polymer composite and transfer their properties to composites. Here the fabrication is reported of composites with very high filler contents (80–95 wt%) under mild photopolymerization conditions (visible LED light irradiation, room temperature, under air). Compared to pure poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) polymer, mechanical properties have been greatly improved, and the storage modulus increased by nearly 20‐fold compared to that of pure polymer. After debinding/sintering of composites by high temperature treatment, zeolite porosity is preserved with good adsorption capacities. Some step‐like object with 3D structure is also obtained by an original 3D printing technique noted “layer by layer molding/curing.” Hence, as a great breakthrough, this work is expected to lead to a valuable development in the field of photopolymerization in quite highly filled composites. This also will expand their potential applications for 3D printing in the fields of high‐performance lightweight materials and adsorption, and opens the door to a new process of zeolite shaping.
Dimsyl Anion Enables Visible‐Light‐Promoted Charge Transfer in Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Aryl Halides
Authors: Pan Lei , Cooke Maria Victoria , Spencer Amara , Laulhé Sébastien 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA methodology is reported for visible‐light‐promoted synthesis of unsymmetrical chalcogenides enabled by dimsyl anion in the absence of transition‐metals or photoredox catalysts. The cross‐coupling reaction between aryl halides and diaryl dichalcogenides proceeds with electron‐rich, electron‐poor, and heteroaromatic moieties. Mechanistic investigations using UV‐Vis spectroscopy, time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) calculations, and control reactions suggest that dimsyl anion forms an electron‐donor‐acceptor (EDA) complex capable of absorbing blue light, leading to a charge transfer responsible for generation of aryl radicals from aryl halides. This previously unreported mechanistic pathway may be applied to other light‐induced transformations performed in DMSO in the presence of bases and aryl halides.magnified image
Recent Progress in Skin‐on‐a‐Chip Platforms
Authors: Cui Mingyue , Wiraja Christian , Zheng Mengjia , Singh Gurvinder , Yong Ken‐Tye , Xu Chenjie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs the largest organ of the body, the skin acts as a physical barrier for preventing excessive water loss and infection, and the host of many cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. Currently, two‐dimensional (2D) cell culture and animal models are extensively used as mainstream platforms to understand skin biology and assess therapeutic drug efficacy. However, 2D cell culture model fails to recapitulate the intricate interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix. The metabolic state of 2D‐cultured cells is typically similar, unlike the physiological condition in the body. Also, there is a growing ethical concern over the use of animal studies. Significant advances in microfluidics and tissue engineering have led to the development of three‐dimensional (3D) skin‐on‐a‐chip (SOC) technology, which offers a cost‐effective alternative to conventional preclinical models for the validation and testing of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. This review discusses the recent developments in the design of various SOCs, their fabrication strategies and methods for introducing skill cells to the chip, and their respective biomedical applications. Finally, an outlook on current applications, challenges, and future research direction in this field is provided.
Magnetic Driven Double Curved Conical Microhelical Robot
Authors: Lin Jieqiong , Zhu Zhenyan , Jing Xian , Lu Mingming , Gu Yan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe swimming performance of the magnetic driven microhelical robot is mainly determined by its geometric structure. In this research, the existing swimming mathematical model of the microhelical robot is extended by the microelement method, so that it can be used to calculate the swimming speed of the double curved conical microhelical robot (DCCMHR) below the step‐out frequency. Then, the swimming performance of the microhelical robot with different geometric characteristics is explored through simulation experiments, and the structure of DCCMHR is further optimized by analyzing the influence of geometric parameters such as helix angle, helical length, helical wire diameter, cone angle, and the number of thread on the swimming performance of the robot. Compared with the traditional microhelical robot, the swimming speed of the improved microhelical robot can be increased by about 1.2 times, and the stability can be increased by about 25%, which provides a good foundation for the future application of microhelical robot in complex environment, such as minimally invasive surgery, drug delivery, cell transportation, living detection and so on.
Improved Interface Charge Transfer and Redistribution in CuO‐CoOOH p‐n Heterojunction Nanoarray Electrocatalyst for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Hu Jing , Al‐Salihy Adel , Wang Jing , Li Xue , Fu Yanfei , Li Zhonghua , Han Xijiang , Song Bo , Xu Ping 
Published: October 2021

AbstractElectron density modulation is of great importance in an attempt to achieve highly active electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here, the successful construction of CuO@CoOOH p‐n heterojunction (i.e., p‐type CuO and n‐type CoOOH) nanoarray electrocatalyst through an in situ anodic oxidation of CuO@CoSx on copper foam is reported. The p‐n heterojunction can remarkably modify the electronic properties of the space‐charge region and facilitate the electron transfer. Moreover, in situ Raman study reveals the generation of SO42− from CoSx oxidation, and electron cloud density distribution and density functional theory calculation suggest that surface‐adsorbed SO42− can facilitate the OER process by enhancing the adsorption of OH−. The positively charged CoOOH in the space‐charge region can significantly enhance the OER activity. As a result, the CuO@CoOOH p‐n heterojunction shows significantly enhanced OER performance with a low overpotential of 186 mV to afford a current density of 10 mA cm−2. The successful preparation of a large scale (14 × 25 cm2) sample demonstrates the possibility of promoting the catalyst to industrial‐scale production. This study offers new insights into the design and fabrication of non‐noble metal‐based p‐n heterojunction electrocatalysts as effective catalytic materials for energy storage and conversion.
A Perspective on Collective Properties of Atoms on 2D Materials
Authors: Del Maestro Adrian , Wexler Carlos , Vanegas Juan M. , Lakoba Taras , Kotov Valeri N. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAtoms deposited on 2D electronic materials, such as graphene, can exhibit unconventional many‐body correlations, not accessible in other settings. All of these are driven by van der Waals forces: between the atoms themselves and atom‐material interactions. For example 4He atoms on 2D materials can potentially form a variety of exotic quantum states of matter, such as 2D supersolids and superfluids, in addition to solid phases. For the “most quantum” case of a single helium layer we discuss, from a theoretical perspective, how the effective low‐energy (Bose–Hubbard) description can take advantage of the extreme sensitivity of this unique system to the interplay between the atomic (helium) and solid‐state (graphene) components. Due to the extraordinary variety and tunability of 2D electronic materials, it is envisaged that a wide range of correlated atomic phases can be realized under favorable conditions. Exciting possibilities in the opposite extreme of many atomic layers forming a liquid on top of graphene are also outlined —in this case a so‐called “spinodal dewetting” pattern can form at the liquid–vapor interface which reflects the presence and electronic properties of graphene underneath. Such patterns could be manipulated by choosing different atoms and materials, with potential technological applications.
All‐Soft and Stretchable Thermogalvanic Gel Fabric for Antideformity Body Heat Harvesting Wearable
Authors: Ding Tianpeng , Zhou Yi , Wang Xiao‐Qiao , Zhang Chen , Li Tongtao , Cheng Yin , Lu Wanheng , He Jiaqing , Ho Ghim Wei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCurrently, “wearable thermal‐electric harvester” is a loose term for technology that embraces rigid thermoelectric leg incorporated flexible substrates. In reality, they are not exclusively flexible, much less totally soft and stretchable. Likewise, conventional substrate‐dependent thermogalvanic cells lack the highly sought after mechanical adaptability, and hinder the full exploitation of the inherent merit of their fluidic matrices. The existence of the substrate causes poor air permeability and worse still, leads to low heat transfer efficiency. Here, a soft and stretchable thermogalvanic fabric directly woven out of p/n alternating hydrogel‐based fibers is proposed. In addition to improved wearing comfort, the compliant mechanical properties of the thermogalvanic fabric possess desired adaptability to irregular and continuously deformed skin, so as to realize conformal and efficient body heat harvesting. The scalable and modular, processable soft gel serves as the groundwork to the realization of prototypical arbitrary fabric design and potentially a new battery‐free bodily heat harvesting wearable.
Data‐driven prescriptive maintenance toward fault‐tolerant multiparametric control
Authors: Gordon Christopher A. K. , Pistikopoulos Efstratios N. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPrescriptive maintenance can improve system effectiveness and system safety via integrated production and maintenance optimization. However due to system disruptions there is potential for abnormal operations and an undesirable increased occurrence of process safety incidents. This research provides a multiparametric‐based framework for safety‐aware, maintenance‐aware, and disruption‐aware process control. It leverages ensemble classification via machine learning classifiers for fault detection, mixed‐integer nonlinear programming for integrated safety‐aware production and maintenance scheduling, as well as hybrid multiparametric model predictive control for fault‐tolerant setpoint tracking. The results show that the ensemble classifier outperforms the individual classifiers in terms of fault detection accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Furthermore, it is seen that the developed controllers are able to reconfigure the control actions based on process disruption information. The framework is illustrated with a chemical complex system, and a cooling water system. The approach can be used to help improve the safety and productivity of industrial processes.
Chaotic advection in a twin cam mixer under various operating conditions
Authors: He Yu , Zhan Xiaobin , Shen Baojun , Sun Zhibin , Long Jiecai , Yang Yili , Li Xiwen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA twin cam mixer (TCM) system equipped with two triangular cams is built in this study. The effect of operating conditions on chaotic advection in TCM is investigated. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is employed to investigate the flow characteristics under co‐ and counter‐rotating modes. Based on the good agreement between simulation and experimental results, chaotic advection under various operating conditions is investigated numerically. To evaluate the chaotic advection, time series Poincaré section, recording point density, and combined mixing index are proposed. The results show that counter‐rotating mode is superior to co‐rotating mode regarding chaotic advection. A more global chaotic advection can be obtained with the cams in TCM rotating at a higher average angular velocity, higher disturbance quantity, and lower disturbance frequency. The chaotic advection in TCM under different waveform protocols has no significant difference, but it is all better than that under constant protocol.
Structural gradients and anisotropic hydraulic conductivity in the enigmatic eel traps of carnivorous corkscrew plants (Genlisea spp.)
Authors: Carmesin Cora F. , Fleischmann Andreas S. , Klepsch Matthias M. , Westermeier Anna S. , Speck Thomas , Jansen Steven , Poppinga Simon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPremiseAmong the sophisticated trap types in carnivorous plants, the underground eel traps of corkskrew plants (Genlisea spp., Lentibulariaceae) are probably the least understood in terms of their functional principle. Here, we provide a detailed analysis of structural and hydraulic features of G. hispidula traps, contributing to the ongoing debate on whether these traps can actively generate water streams to promote prey capture.MethodsAnatomical and hydraulic traits of detached traps, including inner trap diameters, chamber line element, hair length, glandular pattern, and hydraulic conductivity, were investigated quantitatively using light and electron microscopy, x‐ray microtomography, and hydraulic measurements.ResultsHydraulic resistivity in the neck of the trap, from the trap mouth toward the vesicle (digestive chamber) was 10 times lower than in the opposite direction. The comparison of measured and theoretical flow rates suggests that the retrorse hairs inside trap necks also provide considerable resistance against movement of matter toward the vesicle. Hairs showed a gradient in length along the neck, with the shortest hairs near the vesicle. Co‐occurrence of quadrifid and bifid glands was limited to a small part of the neck, with quadrifids near the vesicle and bifids toward the trap mouth.ConclusionsThe combination of structural gradients with hydraulic anisotropy suggests the trap is a highly fine‐tuned system based on likely trade‐offs between efficient prey movement in the trap interior toward the vesicle, prey retention, and spatial digestion capacities and is not counter to the generation of water streams.
Spring and autumn phenology in an understory herb are uncorrelated and driven by different factors
Authors: Fogelström Elsa , Zacchello Giulia , Guasconi Daniela , Dahlgren Johan P. , Ehrlén Johan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPremiseClimate warming has altered the start and end of growing seasons in temperate regions. Ultimately, these changes occur at the individual level, but little is known about how previous seasonal life‐history events, temperature, and plant‐resource state simultaneously influence the spring and autumn phenology of plant individuals.MethodsWe studied the relationships between the timing of leaf‐out and shoot senescence over 3 years in a natural population of the long‐lived understory herb Lathyrus vernus and investigated the effects of spring temperature, plant size, reproductive status, and grazing on spring and autumn phenology.ResultsThe timing of leaf‐out and senescence were consistent within individuals among years. Leaf‐out and senescence were not correlated with each other within years. Larger plants leafed out and senesced later, and size had no effect on growing season length. Reproductive plants leafed out earlier and had longer growing seasons than nonreproductive plants. Grazing had no detectable effects on phenology. Colder spring temperatures delayed senescence in two of three study years.ConclusionsThe timing of seasonal events, such as leaf‐out and senescence in plants can be expressed largely independently within and among seasons and are influenced by different factors. Growing season start and length can often be dependent on plant condition and reproductive status. Knowledge about the drivers of growing season length of individuals is essential to more accurately predict species and community responses to environmental variation.
A study of the properties and efficacy of microparticles based on P(3HB) and P(3HB/3HV) loaded with herbicides
Authors: Vijayamma Raji , Maria Hanna J. , Thomas Sabu , Shishatskaya Ekaterina I. , Kiselev Evgeniy G. , Nemtsev Ivan V. , Sukhanova Anna A. , Volova Tatiana G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe wide use of pesticides in agriculture has caused uncontrolled distribution of these chemicals in the environment, calling for the development and investigation of new environmentally friendly formulations, which would reduce human impact on nature. In the present study, the metribuzin (MET), tribenuron‐methyl (TBM), and fenoxaprop‐P‐ethyl (FPE) herbicides were encapsulated in microparticles of degradable microbial polymers – polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) – of two types – poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate [P(3HB)] and poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate [P(3HB/3HV)]. The use of P(3HB) resulted in higher yields of microparticles (63% to 79%) and larger sizes of the particles, whose average diameter was 0.60 ± 0.06–0.75 ± 0.11 μm, while the average diameter of copolymer particles varied between 0.43 ± 0.12 and 0.55 ± 0.05 μm. Encapsulation efficiency was rather determined by the type of herbicide and its solubility, varying from 24.7% to 48.2%. In vitro herbicide release from microparticles to water was affected by herbicide solubility and PHA chemical composition. The readily soluble MET showed the highest release rate, and over 30 days, 64% and 78% of the encapsulated amounts were released from P(3HB) and P(3HB/3HV) microparticles, respectively. High herbicidal activity of microparticles loaded with metribuzin and tribenuron‐methyl was demonstrated in the laboratory stands of the Elsholtzia ciliata weed plant.
Potential therapeutic effect and methods of traditional Chinese medicine on COVID‐19‐induced depression: A review
Authors: Da Xiao‐Li , Yue Li‐Feng , Li Xiao‐Juan , Chen Jian‐Bei , Yuan Nai‐Jun , Chen Jia‐Xu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCOVID‐19 (coronavirus) has spread all over the world with a high infection rate. Currently, there are no targeted therapeutic drugs for COVID‐19 as well as for stress induced by COVID‐19. The unpredictable events of COVID‐19 can trigger feelings of fear, worry, or unease in people, leading to stress‐related disorders such as depression and anxiety. It has been reported that individuals, including COVID‐19 patients, medical staff, and ordinary people, are under both physical and psychological pressure, and many of them have developed depression or anxiety during this pandemic. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used in treating depression with relatively better safety and efficacy and may have an important role in treating stress‐related disorders induced by COVID‐19. In this review, we collected the common TCM treatment methods including Qigong, Acupuncture, Five Elements Musical Therapy, Five Elements Emotional Therapy, and Chinese herbal medicine from the databases of PubMed and the China National Knowledge Internet to illustrate the effect of TCM on depression. The better knowledge of TCM and implementation of TCM in COVID‐19 clinics may help to effectively improve depression induced by COVID‐19, may assist people to maintain a healthy physical and mental quality, and may alleviate the current shortage of medical resources.