bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The interrogative intonation in the Kunigami dialect of Okinoerabu, Ryukyu
Authors: Yokoyama Akiko 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCross-linguistically, intonation patterns for yes/no questions rise in many languages. However, there are multiple reports of interrogative sentences with falling intonation in Japanese dialects. It is said that five types of interrogative intonation exist in Japanese dialects: rising, where the end of the sentence always rises; falling 1, where the end of the sentence always falls; falling 2, where the interrogative appears morphologically in the sentence, and the sentence falls; complement, where tone in the sentence falls if the interrogative morphologically appears and rises if it does not; and gradual rise, where the tone gradually rises until the end of the sentence. However, the Kunigami dialect does not adhere to these patterns. In Kunigami yes/no questions, the tone falls if an interrogative morphologically appears but reveals a distinctive intonation from a declarative sentence if it does not. Therefore, in the case of Kunigami, the interrogative intonation typology should not be reconstructed on the basis of absolute rise or fall but on the basis of contrast with a declarative sentence.
Barbatoriam facere. Distinktion und Transgression in der römischen Kaiserzeit
Authors: Degelmann Christopher 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhile clothing issues of the Romans have been researched in recent years, the examination of facial hair has so far been rather unexplored. Therefore, little attention has been paid to the ceremonial first shave of young Romans (barbatoria), although beard growth, shaving and care provided information about hierarchies and identity, alleged sexual practices or periods of life cycle. The ritual of barbatoria was hence accompanied by assumptions about the character of a person.The article shows these dimensions of barbatoria using the examples of Octavian/Augustus, Caligula, Nero and Elagabalus. In doing so, it aims at pointing to the possibilities of distinction as well as transgression for staging the status as a young, wealthy Roman citizen that is becoming a ‘real man’.
The Emperor at the Council. Imperial Interventions in Late Antique Church Councils in Literary Sources and Documentary Records
Authors: Andriollo Luisa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper examines the modes of imperial interactions with Church councils, focusing on the emperor’s participation in episcopal meetings and its representation in late antique sources, both literary and documentary. The author argues that the availability and strategic dissemination of conciliar records could affect, for better or worse, the understanding of the imperial religious policy and attitude towards Church institutions. This is most clearly illustrated by Marcian’s behaviour at Chalcedon, and by the active steps he took to produce an official and imperially endorsed edition of the conciliar acts. The significance of Marcian’s initiatives emerges more clearly when placed in the context of developing practices with respect to conciliar procedure (and the imperial role therein) and the circulation of conciliar information. After considering possible precedents in both these fields, the article reconstructs the early circulation and reception of the Chalcedonian acts, focusing particularly on the records of the sixth session, which was presided by the emperor himself. The author discusses the role played by the imperial initiative at the council and in its aftermath, and how it contributed to shape the reception of Marcian’s image as a Christian ruler.
Grayscale-patterned metal-hydrogel-metal microscavity for dynamic multi-color display
Authors: Zhang Jian , Wang Dandan , Ying Yunbin , Zhou Hao , Liu Xiaokai , Hu Xin , Chen Yingxin , Li Qiang , Zhang Xuefeng , Qiu Min 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Dynamic structural color based on tunable optical resonance plays a key role in applications including encryption visualization, camouflage and colorimetric sensing. However, the current design requires either complex growth processes of the high-quality tunable materials or complicated circuit designs. This work makes a humidity-swelling hydrogel layer for metal–insulator–metal (MIM) structure in the dynamic multi-color display. Here, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel structure is patterned through grayscale e-beam lithography and the controlled PVA thickness leads the programmable reflective resonance covering the entire visible range. By varying the ambient humidity between 9.8 and 90.1% RH, the reflective resonance of the structure is tailored across a wavelength range over 100 nm. Our materials platform of humidity-sensitive hydrogel resist presents a novel approach of the stepwise and reversible optical tunability for photonic devices.
Plasmonic nanocrystals on polycarbonate substrates for direct and label-free biodetection of Interleukin-6 in bioengineered 3D skeletal muscles
Authors: Lopez-Muñoz Gerardo A , Fernández-Costa Juan M , Ortega Maria Alejandra , Balaguer-Trias Jordina , Martin-Lasierra Eduard , Ramón-Azcón Javier 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The development of nanostructured plasmonic biosensors has been widely widespread in the last years, motivated by the potential benefits they can offer in integration, miniaturization, multiplexing opportunities, and enhanced performance label-free biodetection in a wide field of applications. Between them, engineering tissues represent a novel, challenging, and prolific application field for nanostructured plasmonic biosensors considering the previously described benefits and the low levels of secreted biomarkers (≈pM–nM) to detect. Here, we present an integrated plasmonic nanocrystals-based biosensor using high throughput nanostructured polycarbonate substrates. Metallic film thickness and incident angle of light for reflectance measurements were optimized to enhance the detection of antibody–antigen biorecognition events using numerical simulations. We achieved an enhancement in biodetection up to 3× as the incident angle of light decreases, which can be related to shorter evanescent decay lengths. We achieved a high reproducibility between channels with a coefficient of variation below 2% in bulk refractive index measurements, demonstrating a high potential for multiplexed sensing. Finally, biosensing potential was demonstrated by the direct and label-free detection of interleukin-6 biomarker in undiluted cell culture media supernatants from bioengineered 3D skeletal muscle tissues stimulated with different concentrations of endotoxins achieving a limit of detection (LOD) of ≈ 0.03 ng/mL (1.4 pM).
Recent developments and future perspectives on neuroelectronic devices
Authors: Rinklin Philipp , Wolfrum Bernhard 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Neuroscientific discoveries and the development of recording and stimulation tools are deeply connected. Over the past decades, the progress in seamlessly integrating such tools in the form of neuroelectronic devices has been tremendous. Here, we review recent advances and key aspects of this goal. Firstly, we illustrate improvements with respect to the coupling between cells/tissue and recording/stimulation electrodes. Thereafter, we cover attempts to mitigate the foreign body response by reducing the devices’ invasiveness. We follow up with a description of specialized electronic hardware aimed at the needs of bioelectronic applications. Lastly, we outline how additional modalities such as optical techniques or ultrasound could in the future be integrated into neuroelectronic implants.
Computational and traveling wave analysis of Tzitzéica and Dodd-Bullough-Mikhailov equations: An exact and analytical study
Authors: Durur Hülya , Yokuş Asıf , Abro Kashif Ali 
Published: October 2021

AbstractComputational and travelling wave solutions provide significant improvements in accuracy and characterize novelty of imposed techniques. In this context, computational and travelling wave solutions have been traced out for Tzitzéica and Dodd-Bullough-Mikhailov equations by means of (1/G′)-expansion method. The different types of solutions have constructed for Tzitzéica and Dodd-Bullough-Mikhailov equations in hyperbolic form. Moreover, solution function of Tzitzéica and Dodd-Bullough-Mikhailov equations has been derived in the format of logarithmic nature. Since both equations contain exponential terms so the solutions produced are expected to be in logarithmic form. Traveling wave solutions are presented in different formats from the solutions introduced in the literature. The reliability, effectiveness and applicability of the (1/G′)-expansion method produced hyperbolic type solutions. For the sake of physical significance, contour graphs, two dimensional and three dimensional graphs have been depicted for stationary wave. Such graphical illustration has been contrasted for stationary wave verses traveling wave solutions. Our graphical comparative analysis suggests that imposed method is reliable and powerful method for obtaining exact solutions of nonlinear evolution equations.
CompVision: An open-source five-compartmental software for biokinetic simulations
Authors: Beni Mehrdad Shahmohammadi , Watabe Hiroshi , Yu Kwan Ngok 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Simulations and numerical analysis of physical problems are important steps toward understanding underlying mechanisms of the processes. Important examples would be medical physics and medical imaging. Compartmental modeling has been found useful for estimating the transport and temporal variations of drugs/contaminants (commonly used in medical physics and medical imaging) in different organs, given that different organs would be modeled as compartments. Recycling among these modeled compartments (i.e., organs) was allowed through defining sets of constant transfer rates. In order to mathematically define these systems, one needs to use sets of differential equations (depending on the number of compartments) which would in fact be time-consuming and prone to mathematical error. Considering these issues, there is a need for a versatile computer program that is accurate, robust, and user-friendly to perform the required computations automatically. In the present work, we developed and benchmarked an open-source computer program entitled CompVision that was able to simulate five-compartmental systems. The present software had an easy-to-use graphical user interface (GUI) for the users. The executable program and the source codes were made available publicly under GPLv3 license, which would allow everyone to use, modify, and distribute without any restriction. The present program would be useful in a variety of research fields and applications.
An electrically switchable wideband metamaterial absorber based on graphene at P band
Authors: Wang Liansheng , Xia Dongyan , Fu Quanhong , Ding Xueyong , Wang Yuan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Graphene has the capability of dynamically tuning its conductivity through gate voltage. Based on this fact, an electrically switchable wideband metamaterial absorber at low frequencies is presented and investigated in this paper. Our calculated results show that its absorption is over 90% from 400 to 1,000 MHz with the Fermi level of graphene being at 0 eV and the absorption band can be switched by adjusting the Fermi level of graphene without changing its physical structure. Moreover, the surface current distribution enables us to reveal the switchable wideband absorption characteristics of our designed metamaterial absorber. At last, we prove that its absorption property is polarization-insensitive due to the rotational symmetry of the structural unit. This work may provide a further step in the development of switchable sensors and absorbers at low frequencies.
Study on the adaptability of binary flooding in a certain oil field
Authors: Ma Liping , Liu Xiaochun , Yang Qing , Lu Wei , Wang Shitou , Ren Jianke , Fan Zhenzhong , Wang Biao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
To explore the synergistic mechanism of polymer and surfactant in the binary combination flooding of low-permeability reservoirs, the adaptability experiment of polymer salt-resistant partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide and nonionic surfactant was carried out in the indoor system. Experiments at different ratios are also performed. The results show that the selected poly/surface binary flooding system increases with the concentration of polymer or surfactant, the viscosity of the poly/surface binary system also increases and, at the same time, has better temperature and salt resistance. The viscosity of the binary system will decrease when the salinity increases. When the surfactant concentration CS = 0.2% and the polymer concentration CP = 0.2%, the viscosity of the system is the highest. The viscosity of the poly/table binary system at different concentrations decreases when the temperature rises: pure polymer (CP = 0.2%), poly/table binary system displacement fluid CP = 0.1% + CS = 0.2% and CP = 0.2% + CS = 0.2%; and the injection pressure first rises and then drops. The final recovery rate is 51.8%, which meets the development of most oil reservoirs.
Numerical investigation of tubular expansion and swelling elastomers in oil wells
Authors: Qamar Sayyad Zahid 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Solid expandable tubular technology and swelling elastomer seals find extensive use in the repair of aging reservoirs. To improve productivity and cost-effectiveness, they have also become an integral part of new developments such as slim wells and completions with reduced or no cementing. This work reports the use of numerical simulation to investigate the joint use of expandable tubulars and swell packers in various petroleum drilling applications. Material properties of steel tubular and five different swelling elastomers are obtained through mechanical testing. Simulations are performed to study the sealing pressure at the elastomer-formation boundary. Different parameters are studied, such as elastomer material, expansion or compression ratio, seal length, seal thickness, tubular end condition, and formation type. Higher values of rubber elasticity, tubular expansion (expansion ratio), and elastomer compression result in higher seal contact pressure. Contact pressure is higher when the elastomer is pressing against wellbore formation as compared to steel outer casing (zero friction vs. friction), and when the formation is assumed to be rigid as compared to elastic or elastic-plastic. Results of this investigation can be used both for performance evaluation and design enhancement of coupled solid-expandable-tubular and swellable-packer applications.
Rapid sensitive bioscreening of remdesivir in COVID-19 medication: Selective drug determination in the presence of six co-administered therapeutics
Authors: Abdel Moneim Mona M. , Kamal Miranda F. , Hamdy Mohamed M. A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The widespread coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, attributed to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, has resulted in global lockdowns and excess mortality. Remdesivir (RM) is the first and only antiviral drug that the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved so far for COVID-19. The treatment protocol involves multidrug combinations, basically depending on RM, in addition to antimicrobials, antipyretics, corticosteroids, and anticoagulants. This study develops and validates sensitive and selective RM screening in spiked human plasma in the presence of commonly co-administered drugs. Hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, paracetamol, dexamethasone, and anticoagulants (rivaroxaban and edoxaban) have been detected simultaneously with RM in the same biological matrix. Separation has been efficiently achieved by simple reversed phase HPLC with dual detectors. Diode array detector and fluorimetric detection have been used to compare their sensitivity and selectivity. Both assays have been validated according to bioanalytical FDA validation parameters. Chromatographic separation and quantitation of RM along with concomitant drugs instantly bioscreen COVID-19 multiple therapy medication in 10 min run time. Furthermore, the proposed in vitro study takes the lead for prospective testing of possible drug–drug interactions that alter the pharmacokinetic profiles of drugs.
Comment, Rating, Opinion, Review – the Preliminary Research
Authors: Jaworska Monika 
Published: October 2021

The article focuses on functional speech genres used on the Internet to assess the level of customer satisfaction after purchasing goods and services on portals with various offers. It attempts to define what genre is used in the texts called commentaries, evaluations, opinions and consumer reviews. Both Internet users and providers of goods and services use these terms interchangeably. The situation may result from the fact that in the ordinary mind, they constitute one genre. The text introduces the research on the statements of internet users expressing their opinion on the transaction, the purchased products, and the service provided. Nowadays, the Internet has such a large social impact that it is important to examine the changes in speech genres existing in the Internet space in relation to their prototypes derived from the literary tradition.
The Concept of “Thrownness” in Algis Budrys's Short Story “Wall of Crystal, Eye of Night”
Authors: Poštič Svetozar 
Published: October 2021

This paper analyses the concept of thrownness and the related notions of immediacy and actuality in a 1961 short science fiction story “Wall of Crystal, Eye of Night” by Algis Budrys. It first defines the concept of thrownness (Geworfenheit), created and coined by the German philosopher Martin Heidegger in his classic book Being and Time, and it explains how this notion can be employed in literary analysis in general and applied to this work in particular. The article then analyses how certain stylistic devices in the short story, namely similes, change of pace and the presentation of an inner conflict in the main character, contribute to the feeling of authenticity. In other words, it attempts to exhibit the means used in a prose work to make it seem more realistic and immediate. Finally, the work also argues that science fiction is in many ways more real than other fictional works. Although it belongs to the genre that has traditionally been denied serious literary merit, the novel view and interpretation of this story aims to disclose new horizons of artistic expression that illuminate human mental and physical frailty and stimulate a valuable inquiry into the meaning of life.
Michał Kaziów: the Way to Independence of the Blind Writer in the Context of Selected Issues of Narrative Medicine and Human Rights
Authors: Bolińska Marta , Zieliński Patryk 
Published: October 2021

The article undertakes constructive reflection on the loss of human health in the context of the issue of disability, with an indication that it is a state of mind rather than actual, physical impotence. The main subject of considerations is the attitude of the writer, Michał Kaziów, perceived as a way to independence and creativity developed as a result of his health condition in the light of selected issues of narrative medicine and human rights. The paper presents the difficult fate of Kaziów after a permanent loss of fitness (L. Kowalewski, M. Czerwińska) under the model of social disability (P. Hunt, M. Oliver) and an autobiographical attitude (M. Czermińska). The views of R. Charon (a doctor and a literary scholar) and her co-workers were also taken into account, according to which narrative medicine is a specific, well thought and described in the literature on the subject form of clinical (and didactic) practice that supports the process of diagnosis and treatment. Simultaneously, a review of laws and regulations on the creation of legal norms that supported people with disabilities and their evolution was undertaken. The whole text correlates with the thesis that the change in approach to disability is a living testimony to overcoming difficulties and their consequences, both in an individual and collective experience.
Addressing Myths and Vaccine Hesitancy: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Steffens Maryke S. , Dunn Adam G. , Marques Mathew D. , Danchin Margie , Witteman Holly O. , Leask Julie 
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVES
Evidence on repeating vaccination misinformation or "myths" in debunking text is inconclusive; repeating myths may unintentionally increase agreement with myths or help discredit myths. In this study we aimed to compare the effect of repeating vaccination myths and other text-based debunking strategies on parents’ agreement with myths and their intention to vaccinate their children.

METHODS
For this online experiment we recruited 788 parents of children aged 0 to 5 years; 454 (58%) completed the study. We compared 3 text-based debunking strategies (repeating myths, posing questions, or making factual statements) and a control. We measured changes in agreement with myths and intention to vaccinate immediately after the intervention and at least 1 week later. The primary analysis compared the change in agreement with vaccination myths from baseline, between groups, at each time point after the intervention.

RESULTS
There was no evidence that repeating myths increased agreement with myths compared with the other debunking strategies or the control. Posing questions significantly decreased agreement with myths immediately after the intervention compared with the control (difference: −0.30 points, 99.17% confidence interval: −0.58 to −0.02, P = .004, d = 0.39). There was no evidence of a difference between other debunking strategies or the control at either time point, or on intention to vaccinate.

CONCLUSIONS
Debunking strategies that repeat vaccination myths do not appear to be inferior to strategies that do not repeat myths.
Presentación
Authors: Robayo Corredor Alejandro , Escobar Greys 
Published: October 2021

Esta es la primera entrega de dos publicaciones acerca del tema Emociones y Política.
La indignación estuvo por doquier en las calles colombianas durante 2021. El descontento generalizado por la desigualdad estructural y la imposibilidad de realizar una vida digna encontraron en la movilización social del Paro Nacional de 2021 un medio para expresarse por varias vías. Desde el cacerolazo por las ventanas de casas y apartamentos en numerosos barrios del país, hasta los enfrentamientos violentos con la fuerza pública, diversos fueron los medios para manifestar el rechazo al gobierno y la situación actual. Las y los jóvenes fueron protagonistas de este proceso con unos alcances y unas dimensiones nunca vistas. Como el maestro Fals Borda lo planteaba hace varios años, parece que las nuevas generaciones han construido un nuevo entendimiento de la realidad local y nacional, en la que no solamente rechazan un legado de exclusiones y violencias de varias décadas, sino que sentimientos como la frustración y la desesperanza encuentran otras vías de expresión a laacostumbrada resignación o indiferencia.
Storage under combined ultraviolet (UV) and light-emitting diodes (LED) enhances carotenoid concentration in mature green tomatoes
Authors: Cano-Molina C. , López-Fernández A. , Díaz-González N. , González-Barrio R. , Baenas N. , Periago M.J. , García-Alonso F.J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Tomato is rich in different bioactive compounds, especially the carotenoid lycopene, which intake is associated with various health benefits. Post-harvest use of ultraviolet light (UV) and light-emitting diode (LED) has been shown to increase the concentration of tomato bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ultraviolet (A and C) and red-blue LED light on the concentration of carotenoids during a 7-days storage trial of mature green tomatoes. Exposure to combined UV and LED light nearly doubled the total carotenoid concentration and had no negative impact on sensory attributes.