bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical forces switch blood vessel subtypes to arrest adolescent bone growth
Authors: Löhning Max , Dzamukova Maria , Brunner Tobias , Miotla-Zarebska Jadwiga , Heinrich Frederik , Brylka Laura , Mashreghi Mir-Farzin , Kusumbe Anjali , Kuehn Ralf , Schinke Thorsten , Vincent Tonia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Bone growth requires a specialised, highly angiogenic blood vessel subtype, so-called type H vessels1,2, which pave the way for osteoblasts surrounding these vessels3. At the end of adolescence, type H endothelial cells differentiate into quiescent type L endothelium lacking the capacity to promote bone growth. Until now, the signals that switch off type H vessel identity and thus arrest adolescent bone growth have remained ill defined. Here we show that mechanical forces, associated with increased body weight at the end of adolescence, trigger the mechanoreceptor PIEZO1 and thereby mediate enhanced production of the kinase FAM20C in osteoblasts. FAM20C phosphorylates dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1)4, previously identified as a key factor in bone mineralization5. This phosphorylation elicits a burst in DMP1 secretion from osteoblasts. Extracellular DMP1 inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signalling by preventing VEGFR2 phosphorylation and VEGFR3 expression on the tip cells of type H endothelium. DMP1-mediated VEGF inhibition transforms bone growth-promoting type H vessels into quiescent type L vasculature to arrest bone growth and enhance bone mineralization. This molecular mechanism links mechanical forces and the termination of bone growth via accumulation of an extracellular matrix protein and its regulation of vascular subtypes. It suggests new options for the treatment of diseases characterised by inappropriate turnover or invasion of bone such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and osteosarcoma.
Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia Due to Central Venous Catheter Infection: A Clinical Comparison of Infections Caused by Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible Strains
Authors: Ishikawa Kazuhiro , Furukawa Keichi , Hoshino Eri 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) bacteremia has a mortality rate ranging from 20-40%. Central venous catheter (CVC) infection is the leading cause of S.aureus bacteremia. We investigated the differences in background characteristics, complications, and prognosis between patients with methicillin resistant S.aureus (MRSA) and methicillin sensitive S.aureus (MSSA) bacteremia due to CVC infection.Methods: We retrospectively investigated patients who had positive peripheral blood cultures versus positive semi-quantitative cultures for MRSA or MSSA from the CVC tip. We compared the clinical background characteristics, complications, and 60-day mortality rates between both groups. We analyzed our data using Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, and Fisher’s exact test.Results: This study had 17 (47%) and 19 (53%) MRSA and MSSA bacteremia patients, respectively. The median ages for MRSA and MSSA patients were 72 ± 27 and 55 ± 33 years, respectively (P<0.01). Comparison between baseline disease occurrence (MRSA vs. MSSA) was 10(59%) patients vs. 3(16%) patients (P=0.01), while complications included septic shock were 8(48%) vs. 3(16%) (P=0.07), respectively. The duration of catheter placement, time lag from onset of fever to CVC removal, and time lag from onset of fever to starting antimicrobial therapy were similar in both groups. Sixty-day mortality rates were 35%(6/17) vs. 5.3%(1/19), (P=0.04), in MRSA vs. MSSA groups, respectively. Conclusions: MRSA carriers and older patients were at a higher risk of MRSA CVC infection compared to MSSA bacteremia patients. MRSA bacteremia patients showed relatively higher rate of septic shock, and had significantly higher 60-day mortality rate despite appropriate antimicrobial therapy.
Electronic Patient-Reported Outcomes and Machine Learning in Predicting Immune-Related Adverse Events of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapies
Authors: Iivanainen Sanna , Ekstrom Jussi , Virtanen Henri , Kataja Vesa , Koivunen Jussi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have introduced novel immune-related adverse events (irAEs), arising from various organ systems without strong timely dependency on therapy dosing. Early detection of irAEs could result in improved toxicity profile and quality of life (QoL). Symptom data collected by electronic (e) patient-reported outcomes (PRO) could be used as an input for machine learning (ML) based prediction models for early detection of irAEs.Methods: The utilized dataset consisted of two data sources. The first dataset (n=16540) comprised symptoms from 34 ICI-treated cancer patients, including 18 monitored symptoms collected using the Kaiku Health digital platform. The second dataset included prospectively collected irAE data, Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) class, and severity of 26 irAEs. The ML models were built using extreme gradient boosting algorithms. The first model was trained to detect the presence and the second model the onset of irAEs. Results: The model trained to predict the presence of irAEs had an excellent performance based on four metrics: accuracy score 0.97, Area Under the Curve (AUC) value 0.99, F1-score 0.94 and Matthew´s correlation coefficient (MCC) 0.92. The prediction of the irAE onset was more difficult with accuracy score 0.96, AUC value 0.93, F1-score 0.66 and MCC 0.64 but the model performance was still at a good level.Conclusion: Current study suggests that ML based prediction models, using ePRO data as an input, can predict the presence and onset of irAEs with high accuracy, indicating that ePRO follow-up with ML algorithms could facilitate the detection of irAEs in ICI-treated cancer patients. The results should be validated with a larger dataset.
The gut hormone Allatostatin C/Somatostatin regulates food intake and metabolic homeostasis under nutrient stress
Authors: Kubrak Olga , Jensen Line , Ahrentloev Nadja , Koyama Takashi , Malita Alina , Naseem Muhammad Tayyib , Lassen Mette , Nagy Stanislav , Texada Michael , Halberg Kenneth , Rewitz Kim 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The intestine is a central regulator of metabolic homeostasis. Dietary inputs are absorbed through the gut, which senses their nutritional value and relays hormonal information to other organs to coordinate systemic energy balance. However, the specific gut hormones that communicate energy availability to target organs to induce appropriate metabolic and behavioral responses are poorly defined. Here we show that the enteroendocrine cells (EECs) of the Drosophila gut sense nutrient stress via the intracellular TOR pathway, and in response secrete the peptide hormone allatostatin C (AstC), a Drosophila Somatostatin homolog. Gut-derived AstC induces secretion of glucagon-like adipokinetic hormone (AKH) via its receptor AstC-R2, a homolog of mammalian somatostatin receptors, to coordinate food intake and energy mobilization. Loss of gut AstC or its receptor in the AKH-producing cells impairs lipid and sugar mobilization during fasting, leading to hypoglycemia. Our findings illustrate a nutrient-responsive endocrine mechanism that maintains energy homeostasis under nutrient-stress conditions, a function that is essential to health and whose failure can lead to metabolic disorders.
MicroRNAs Expression Profiles in Platelet-Derived Exosomes From Coronary In-Stent Restenosis and the Potential Markers
Authors: Hua Lingdi , Qiao Yong , Li Linqing , Qin Yuhan , Wang Dong , Yan Gaoliang , Tang Chengchun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: We conducted this study was to identify any difference in platelet-derived exosome micro-RNA (microRNA) profile between patients with in-stent restenosis and patients without restenosis using gene sequencing.Method: Platelet-derived exosomes(PDEs) were isolated through ultracentrifugation and validated by Western blotting, transmission electron microscope and NanoSight analysis. The platelet-derived exosome microRNA expression profile was identified by Illumina Hiseq2000/2500 sequencing, and validated by qRT-PCR. Finally, the potential functions of microRNAs were predicted using miRNA-gene-GO network and miRNA-gene-KEGG network. Result: We identified several differentially expressed platelet-derived exosome microRNAs. In particular, we found that the microRNA PC-3p-75179_24 was up-regulated, while hsa-miR-133a-3p_R+1 and hsa-miR-589-5p_R-1 were down-regulated in patients with in-stent restenosis which were further validated by qRT-PCR results. Our results also showed their potential miRNA-gene-GO and miRNA-gene-KEGG interaction.Conclusion: In summary, our study reveals for the first time microRNA expression is altered, in platelet-derived exosomes in patients with in-stent restenosis, with specific up-regulation of microRNA PC-3p-75179_24 and down-regulation of hsa-miR-133a-3p_R+1 and hsa-miR-589-5p_R-1. Our findings supports the need to explore the potential of these microRNAs as biomarkers and the pathological effects on in-stent restenosis.
Genome-Wide Identification of Cellulose-Like Synthase D Gene Family in Dendrobium Catenatum
Authors: Xi Hangxian , Li Qing , Chen Xueliang , Liu Chen , Zhao Yuxue , Yao Jinbo , Chen Donghong , Liu Jingjing , Si Jinping , Zhang Lei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Dendrobium catenatum, which grows on the semi humid rocks in the mountains, has been at the top of the "Nine Immortals of China" since ancient times. It is a kind of yin tonic medicine and its main active component is polysaccharide. Cellulose synthase-like D(CslD) genes were predicted to catalyse the biosynthesis of 1,4-β-d-glycan backbone of hemicelluloses, which plays fundamental roles in plant development. Results: To investigate the role of CslD in the development of Dendrobium catenatum, eight CslD genes (DcCslD1,2a,2b,3a,3b,4a,4b,5) were identified. The results of protein prediction and analysis showed that CslD2a/2b/4a/4b proteins were acidic proteins, the rest were basic proteins; Leu, Ser, Ala, Gly, Arg, Pro and Asp were the main amino acids. All the proteins had obvious hydrophobic or hydrophilic regions, and had transmembrane structure. The main elements of protein secondary structure were α-helix, random coil and extended chain. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the DcCslD family could be divided into Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ groups. DcCslD proteins had typical Cellulose synthase domain and similar protein structures to the CslDs of other plants. Their promoter regions contain cis regulatory elements related to stress and hormone. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the identified DcCslDs were differentially expressed in roots, stems and leaves. Most of them hightly expressed in stems and leaves. What’s more, the environmental stress1es examination showed that the expressions of DcCslD5 were closely associated with drought-recovery treatment, the expression of DcCslD1, DcCslD2a, DcCslD2b, DcCslD3a, and DcCslD5 were significantly influenced by low temperature. Conclusions: This study systematically analyzed the sequence characteristics of CslD protein of D. catenatum, which can provide reference for further study on the function of CslD protein in polysaccharide metabolism of D. catenatum.
Global hotspots of recent and ancestral turnover in birds
Authors: McFadden Ian R. , Coelho Marco Túlio P. , Wüest Rafael O. , Cassemiro Fernanda A. S. , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Pellissier Loïc , Rangel Thiago F. , Graham Catherine H. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A primary goal of biodiversity research is to uncover the processes acting in space and time to create the global distribution of species richness. However, we currently lack an understanding of how recent versus ancient biodiversity dynamics shape patterns of diversity for most groups. Here, we introduce a method to partition lineage turnover into recent and ancestral components, and use it to identify hotspots of turnover at the global scale for 8,296 bird species. Counter to the tropical niche conservatism hypothesis, we find extra-tropical regions such as Greenland and the Sahara are hotspots of ancestral turnover, while areas with high climatic variation such as (sub)tropical mountains and biome transitions are recent turnover hotspots. We can now quantify the relative contribution of contemporary and ancient lineage dynamics to assemblage structure, which enables future research to explore the processes generating earth’s diversity in a more temporally-explicit framework.
Development and Implementation of A LIS-Based Validation System for Autoverification Toward Zero Defects in The Automated Reporting of Laboratory Test Results
Authors: Jin Di , Wang Qing , Peng Dezhi , Wang Jiajia , Cheng Yating , Mo Nanxun , Deng Xiaoyan , Li Bijuan , Tao Ran 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundValidation of the autoverification function is the most critical step to confirm its effectiveness before use. It is crucial to verify whether the programmed algorithm follows the expected logic and produces the expected results. In recent years, this process has always been centered on the assessment of human-machine consistency and mostly takes the form of manual recording, which is a time-consuming activity with inherent subjectivity and arbitrariness, and cannot guarantee a comprehensive, timely and continuous effectiveness evaluation of the autoverification function. To overcome these inherent limitations, we independently developed and implemented a laboratory information system (LIS)-based validation system for autoverification.MethodsWe developed a correctness verification and integrity validation method (hereinafter referred to as the "new method") in the form of a human-machine dialogue. The system records the personnel’s review steps and determines if the human-machine review results are consistent. If they are inconsistent, the laboratory personnel analyze the reasons for the inconsistency according to the system prompts, add to or modify the rules, reverify, and finally improve the accuracy of autoverification.ResultsThe validation system was successfully established and implemented. For a dataset consisting of 833 rules for 30 assays, 782 rules (93.87%) were successfully verified in the correctness verification phase, and 51 rules were deleted due to execution errors. In the integrity validation phase, 24 projects were easily verified, while the other 6 projects still required the addition of new rules or changes to the rule settings. From setting the rules to the automated reportion, the time difference between manual validation and the new method, was statistically significant (χ2=11.06, p=0.0009), with the new method greatly reducing validation time. Since 2017, the new method has been used in 32 laboratories, and 15.8 million reports have been automatically reviewed and issued without a single clinical complaint.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to realize autoverification validation in the form of a human-machine interaction.The new method can effectively control the risks of autoverification, shorten time consumption, and improve the efficiency of laboratory verification.
Resilience of food sufficiency to future climate and societal changes
Authors: Weil Charlotte , Johnson Justin , Caristan Romain , Brauman Kate , Bodirsky Benjamin , Jalava Mika , Kummu Matti , Queiroz Cibele , Monier Louis , Popp Alexander , Ray Deepak , Chaplin-Kramer Rebecca 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Producing sufficient food to meet rising demand is a precondition for resilience of the global food system in the face of climate and societal changes. Leveraging machine learning techniques, we project total caloric yields, aggregating 100 crops and assuming crop mix adaptation to climate, soil and management conditions. We then estimate terrestrial caloric sufficiency considering population growth, diets, and production driven by climate, agricultural management, and cropland expansion under five climate change and socio-economic scenarios (SSPs). We show that global caloric sufficiency is likely to decrease, despite increased food production, because those gains are outweighed by population growth and higher animal products consumption. Caloric sufficiency decreases for most countries. Among countries facing hunger today, most remain vulnerable, and around 25 countries, mostly in Africa, become more vulnerable. Our results suggest that adapting crop mixes to new climate conditions will likely be insufficient to cope with global changes by 2050.
Application of Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) to Improve Medication Safety in the Dispensing Process – A Study at A Teaching Hospital, Sri Lanka
Authors: Anjalee J.A.Lakshika , Rutter Victoria , Samaranayake Nithushi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) is a prospective, team based, structured process used to identify system failures of high risk processes before they occur. Medication dispensing is a risky process that should be analysed for its inherent risks using FMEA. Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify possible failure modes, their effects and causes in the dispensing process of a selected tertiary care hospital using FMEA. Methods: Two independent teams (Team A and Team B) of pharmacists conducted the FMEA for two months in the Department of Pharmacy of a selected teaching hospital, Colombo, Sri Lanka. Each team had five meetings of two hours each, where the dispensing process and sub processes were mapped, and possible failure modes, their effects, and causes, were identified. A score for potential severity (S), frequency (F) and detectability (D) was assigned for each failure mode. Risk Priority Numbers (RPNs) were calculated (RPN=SxFxD) to prioritise identified failure modes. Results: Team A identified 48 failure modes while Team B identified 42. Among all 90 failure modes, 69 were common to both teams. Using the RPN, Team A prioritised one failure mode, while Team B prioritised three (having identical RPNs). Both teams identified overcrowded dispensing counters as a cause for 57 failure modes. Redesigning of, dispensing tables, dispensing labels, the dispensing and medication re-packing processes, and establishing a patient counseling unit were the major suggestions for correction.Conclusion: FMEA was successfully used to identify and prioritise possible failure modes of the dispensing process through active involvement of pharmacists.
Experiences of Persons in COVID-19 Institutional Quarantine in Uganda: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Ndejjo Rawlance , Naggayi Gloria , Tibiita Ronald , Mugahi Richard , Kibira Simon 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Quarantine has been adopted as a key public health measure to support the control of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in many countries including Uganda. Uganda adopted institutional quarantine for individuals suspected of exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to be placed in institutions like hotels and/or hostels of institutions for at least 14 days. This study explored experiences of individuals who underwent institutional quarantine in Uganda to inform measures to increase its effectiveness and reduce its associated negative impact.Methods We conducted a qualitative description using in-depth interviews with 20 purposively selected individuals who had spent time in institutional quarantine facilities. These were mainly phone-based interviews that were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Electronic data coding was conducted using Atlas.ti 7 software. Thematic content analysis was used to synthesize the findings with similar codes grouped to form sub-themes and ultimately study themes. The findings are presented thematically with typical participant quotes.Results Study participants spent between 14 to 25 days in institutional quarantine. Four themes emerged describing the experiences of study participants during institutional quarantine, which determined whether participants’ experiences were positive or negative. These themes were: quarantine environment including facility related factors, compliance with COVID-19 measures; quarantine management factors of entity paying the costs, communication, days spent in quarantine; individual factors including attitude towards quarantine, fears during and post-quarantine and coping mechanisms; and linkage to other services such as health care and post-quarantine follow-up. Conclusion The planning, management and implementation of the quarantine process is a key determinant of the experiences of individuals who undergo the measure. To improve the experience of quarantined individuals and reduce its associated negative impact, the pre-quarantine process should be better managed to comply with standards, quarantined persons should be provided as much information as possible, their quarantine duration should kept short and costs of the process ought to be minimized. Furthermore, quarantine facilities should be assessed for suitability and monitored to comply with guidelines while avenues for access to healthcare for the quarantined need to be established and any potential stigma addressed.
Entropic Measures of Complexity in a New Medical Coding System
Authors: Niyirora Jerome 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTransitioning from an old medical coding system to a new one can be challenging, especially when thetwo coding systems are signiﬁcantly diﬀerent. The US experienced such a transition in 2015.ObjectiveThis research aims to introduce entropic measures to help users prepare for the migration to a newmedical coding system by identifying and focusing preparation initiatives on clinical concepts with morelikelihood of adoption challenges.MethodsTwo entropic measures of coding complexity are introduced. The ﬁrst measure is a function of thevariation in the alphabets of new codes. The second measure is based on the possible number of validrepresentations of an old code.ResultsA demonstration of how to implement the proposed techniques is carried out using the 2015 mappingsbetween ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM/PCS. The signiﬁcance of the resulting entropic measures is discussed inthe context of clinical concepts that were likely to pose challenges regarding documentation, coding errors,and longitudinal data comparisons.ConclusionThe proposed entropic techniques are suitable to assess the complexity between any two medical coding systems where mappings or crosswalks exist. The more the entropy, the more likelihood of adoptionchallenges. Users can utilize the suggested techniques as a guide to prioritize training eﬀorts to improve documentation and increase the chances of accurate coding, code validity, and longitudinal data comparisons.