bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracking the recruitment and evolution of snake toxins using the evolutionary context provided by the
Bothrops jararaca
genome
Authors: Almeida Diego Dantas , Viala Vincent Louis , Nachtigall Pedro Gabriel , Broe Michael , Gibbs H. Lisle , Serrano Solange Maria de Toledo , Moura-da-Silva Ana Maria , Ho Paulo Lee , Nishiyama-Jr Milton Yutaka , Junqueira-de-Azevedo Inácio L. M. 
Published: May 2021

Significance
The jararaca lancehead genome provides a comprehensive road map of the genomic context of pitviper toxin genes. Comparisons of these genomic segments across the phylogeny revealed an unexpectedly high number of toxin families that originated via the direct co-option of preexisting nontoxin genes, indicating that the snake toxin arsenal was mostly assembled from local elements of the ancestral genome. These results support a new perspective in venom evolution in which gene duplications in most toxin families occurred after, rather than before, initial toxin recruitment from nontoxin genes, contributing to the evolutionary optimization of snake venoms. They also emphasize the importance of correctly identifying orthologous loci to accurately trace the genomic pathways that lead to the evolutionary origination of new traits.
Responsive manipulation of neural circuit pathology by fully implantable, front-end multiplexed embedded neuroelectronics
Authors: Zhao Zifang , Cea Claudia , Gelinas Jennifer N. , Khodagholy Dion 
Published: May 2021

Significance
We introduce a multiplex-then-amplify (MTA) scheme that requires only one amplifier per multiplexer, significantly reducing the number of components in multichannel acquisition systems while enabling arbitrary waveform stimulation independently on all channels. Based on this scheme, we developed a fully implantable, miniaturized, responsive embedded system that can acquire neural oscillations and action potentials using conformable conducting polymer-based electrodes as well as perform real-time onboard processing, low-latency arbitrary waveform stimulation, and local data storage. MTA devices enabled development of a protocol for suppression of pathologic coupling within an epileptic network. These devices will allow application of targeted high-spatiotemporal resolution responsive neurostimulation approaches to a variety of brain functions, broadening our ability to chronically modify neural networks in health and disease.
A modular computational framework for medical digital twins
Authors: Masison J. , Beezley J. , Mei Y. , Ribeiro HAL , Knapp A. C. , Sordo Vieira L. , Adhikari B. , Scindia Y. , Grauer M. , Helba B. , Schroeder W. , Mehrad B. , Laubenbacher R. 
Published: May 2021

Significance
The digital twin paradigm holds great promise for medicine, even though many technical and scientific challenges remain to be overcome, most importantly the efficient integration of many heterogeneous component models. This is an unsolved problem even in industry. It has long been understood that such models need to be built in a modular fashion, connecting together component models of individual biological processes. In conventional implementations, however, the dependency structure of the modules reflects the dependencies among these processes, making it all but impossible to modify or expand the digital twin without breaking it. This paper presents a fundamental reorganization of the internal digital twin architecture into a hub-and-spokes design that completely circumvents this dependency problem.
Structural basis of the protochromic green/red photocycle of the chromatic acclimation sensor RcaE
Authors: Nagae Takayuki , Unno Masashi , Koizumi Taiki , Miyanoiri Yohei , Fujisawa Tomotsumi , Masui Kento , Kamo Takanari , Wada Kei , Eki Toshihiko , Ito Yutaka , Hirose Yuu , Mishima Masaki 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Green/red CBCRs are one of the most important CBCR subfamilies owing to their physiological roles in cyanobacteria phylum and optogenetic applications. They are known to utilize a change in the bilin protonation state to cause the marked change in green/red absorption, but the structural bases of the protochromic photocycle are not well understood. Here, we have determined the crystal structure of the chromatic acclimation sensor RcaE of this subfamily in the Pr photoproduct state, identifying a unique conformation of the bilin and its interacting residues. In addition, we provide direct evidence of the protonation state of the bilin via NMR analysis. These findings bring insight to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the spectral diversity of CBCRs.
Low-temperature sintering to fabricate MgB2 by using Mg(BH4)2 as precursor
Authors: Huang Zigeng , Cai Xinwei , Xi Dan , Luo Wenhao , Guo Chen , Feng Qingrong , Nie Ruijuan , Wang Furen , Gan Zizhao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Low-temperature sintering to fabricate MgB2 is considered a promising method because it reduces the formation of MgO and reduces the grain size, thereby increasing the critical current density. Chemical doping, ball milling of precursor and modifying the Mg source in precursor for low-temperature sintering have all been carefully investigated. However, the threshold of sintering temperature have been kept near 500 °C. A new in-situ method to low-temperature sintering using Mg(BH4)2 as a precursor is presented in this paper. Mg(BH4)2 decomposes into highly reactive nanoscale Mg and B in a molar ratio of 1:2 without impurities. In this method, only 2 h of sintering at 400 °C is required to completely react Mg with B to produce MgB2, and after 54 h sintering, the sample has comparable J
C to the normal MgB2 from solid-state reaction method sintered at 800 °C. The sample sintered at 500 °C give better J
C than normal MgB2 under both high and low magnetic field.
Slow Control System for PandaX-III experiment
Authors: Yan X. , Chen X. , Chen Y. , Dai B. , Lin H. , Li T. , Han K. , Ni K. , Wang F. , Wang S. , Zheng Q. , Zeng X. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The PandaX-III experiment uses high pressure gaseous time projection chamber to search for the neutrinoless double beta decay of 136Xe. A modular slow control system (SCS) has been designed to monitor all the critical parameters of the experiment.
It ensures the proper operation of the experiment and provides necessary information for data corrections. The main subsystems of the experiment will be constantly monitored by the data collection module of the SCS,
which collects data from sensors and sends them to the centralized database.
When an alarm message is generated by the anomaly detection module,
it will be sent to an alert website and related on-call experts immediately.
A demonstrator of the SCS has been built for the PandaX-III prototype detector.
The long-term test of it provided valuable experience for the final design of the SCS for PandaX-III.
Mitigating a century of European renewable variability with transmission and informed siting
Authors: Wohland Jan , Brayshaw David , Pfenninger Stefan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
To reach its goal of net greenhouse gas neutrality by 2050, the European Union seeks to massively expand wind and solar power. Relying on weather-dependent power generation, however, poses substantial risks if climate variability is not adequately understood and accounted for in energy system design. Here we quantify European wind and solar generation variability over the last century, finding that both vary on a multidecadal scale, but wind more strongly. We identify hotspots and study dominant patterns of (co-)variability, finding that solar generation varies mostly uniformly across Europe while the leading wind variability modes reveal cross-border balancing potential. Combined wind and solar power generation in the current European system exhibits multidecadal variability of around 5% and can be further reduced through European cooperation or locally optimized wind shares, albeit the latter comes at the expense of significantly enhancing seasonal to interannual variability. Improved spatial planning therefore offers multiple options to mitigate long-term renewable generation variability but requires careful assessments of the trade-offs between climate-induced variations on different timescales.
Multiparameter universality and conformal field theory for anisotropic confined systems: test by Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Dohm Volker , Wessel Stefan , Kalthoff Benedikt , Selke Walter 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Analytic predictions have been derived recently by Dohm and Wessel (2021 Phys. Rev. Lett.
126 060601) from anisotropic φ
4 theory and conformal field theory for the amplitude

F

c

of the critical free energy of finite anisotropic systems in the two-dimensional Ising universality class. These predictions employ the hypothesis of multiparameter universality. We test these predictions by means of high-precision Monte Carlo (MC) simulations for

F

c

of the Ising model on a square lattice with isotropic ferromagnetic couplings between nearest neighbors and with an anisotropic coupling between next-nearest neighbors along one diagonal. We find remarkable agreement between the MC data and the analytical prediction. This agreement supports the validity of multiparameter universality and invalidates two-scale-factor universality as

F

c

is found to exhibit a nonuniversal dependence on the microscopic couplings of the scalar φ
4 model and the Ising model. Our results are compared with the exact result for

F

c

in the three-dimensional φ
4 model with a planar anisotropy in the spherical limit. The critical Casimir amplitude is briefly discussed.
Preliminary evaluation of intra-crosses MPOB-Cameroon and their inter-crosses with MPOB-Zaire breeding population (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)
Authors: Abu-Bakar N A , Amiruddin M D , Nookiah R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Broadening the genetic base of oil palm was as a key action for the improvement of the crop. In this study, fourteen tenera progenies from MPOB-CMR x MPOB-CMR and MPOB-CMR x MPOB-ZRE (T x T), crossed according to bi-parental mating design (BIP) were assessed in their fresh fruit bunch (FFB), bunch number (BNO) and average bunch weight (ABWT). The progenies were planted following a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in two replicates. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the variability among progenies, for FFB, BNO and ABWT, were highly significant. The contribution of the environmental effects is relatively high for BNO, and this is shown by the low heritability estimated on this character. On the other hand, ABW character showed a high heritability (h2
B > 50%) at 67.31%. Progenies deriving from MPOB-CMR x MPOB-ZRE crosses have shown a significantly higher performance compared to those from MPOB-CMR x MPOB-CMR x MPOB-CMR for FFB. Progeny PK1943 (MPOB-CMR x MPOB-ZRE) is the best performer with an average bunch yield of 175.29 kg palm−1 yr−1.
Integrating walking and cycling facilities towards green mobility in Bandar Penggaram Batu Pahat
Authors: Ahadi A I , Fahmy-Abdullah M , Rasi R Z R M , Masrom M A N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Walking and cycling facilities have huge potential in contributing to green mobility in the cities. It is important to reduce transportation emissions, such as enhancing bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure networks and encouraging users to use public transportation. The main problem in Bandar Penggaram, Batu Pahat is high carbon emissions that came from motorised transportations. The objective of this research is to identify the existing condition of walking and cycling facilities and to propose ways to improve the existing condition of walking and cycling facilities towards green mobility in Bandar Penggaram, Batu Pahat. The analysis of this research involved areas around Dataran Penggaram, Batu Pahat which focuses on the main roads that tend to produce high carbon emissions. The method that is used in this research is the mixed methods which consist of quantitative and qualitative method. The first finding of the observation shows that the focused site or development integrates pedestrian and cycling networks with other road activities. There are also bicycle parking facilities, separate bike paths parallel to major roads and dedicated lanes for walking and cycling. Secondly, the weather and distance are the limitations of residents who walk and cycle. Next, the best criteria to overcome the limitations when integrating pedestrian and cycling networks with other road activities are planting shaded trees and build roofs over dedicated lanes for walking and cycling. So, the facilities need to be maintained at this level and improve or implemented to reduce the number of private vehicles on the road. Hence, less carbon emission from motorised transportations is achieved when more private vehicles are off the road.
Spray Drying Microencapsulation of Kantan Extract (Etlingera Elatior) with Various Wall Materials
Authors: Anuar N H S , Kormin F , Isa N L M , Iwansyah A C , Abu Bakar M F , Mohamad Fuzi S F Z , Sabran F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The aim of this research was to study the effect of spray drying condition on quality of kantan (Etlingera elatior) powder and their characteristics. Effects of Hanjeli Flour and Modified Cassava Flour (MOCAF) concentration at 5 % (wt/v) and Maltodextrin concentrations at 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 % and 2 5% (w/v), on physical properties and antioxidant properties of spray dried kantan powder were investigated. Agridon mini spray dryer, model AG-1-06, was used in this research which an inlet and outlet air temperature, feed flow rate and air spray pressure control range was standardize at 180°C, 80°C, 3.0 Lh−1 and 0.7-1.4 kgcm−2, respectively. The result of this study resulted 5 % MOCAF were showed the higher in physical and antioxidant properties such as process yield (31.82 %), flowability (30°) and ABTS (50.50%) of spray-dried kantan powder compared to 5 % Hanjeli flour and 5 % maltodextrin. Next, increased maltodextrin concentrations resulted in increased process yield (31.04 %-36.03 %), bulk density (0.33 g/ml-0.48 g/ml) and flowability (37°-57°), while the solubility (50.50-133.30 sec), wettability (14.90-45.20 sec), moisture content (5.24 %-5.83 %) and absorbance (2.44-0.99) decreased. However, there were no significant changes in the water activity (0.22-0.37) and soluble solid (15.16 %-16.80 %) of the kantan powder at all maltodextrin concentrations. The degradation percentage of antioxidant contents ranged in 36 %-66 % in DPPH, ABTS, TPC and TFC after spray drying process at higher temperature. The results from this study can be used to develop instant beverages, cube production as a ready-cook product and several food formulations such as ice-cream, desserts, bakery products.
The effect of light stress and water stress on growth rate in Mentha arvensis
Authors: Fazil N F , Pa’ee F , Manan N A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The effect of environmental stresses on growth rate was tested for Mentha arvensis (Mint). The plant was planted under different light intensity and watered either within 2 days interval, 4 days interval or 6 days interval. The stresses were monitored to see the significant effect on its physiological parameters and to test the adaptability of Mentha arvensis toward those stresses. The aim of this study is to measure the growth rate of Mentha arvensis affected by the combination of light and water stress. The findings of this study showed that plant that received less amount of nutrient and sources will try to develop self-mechanism, such plant tends to elongate its roots searching for water access. Through self-mechanism development, plant was able to absorb more nutrient effectively as both light and water act as a main source in providing morphological adaptive strategy for environmental stresses.
Physicochemical properties and characterization of fermented cassava flour by lactic acid bacteria
Authors: Isa N L M , Kormin F , Iwansyah A C , Desnilasari D , Hesan A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cassava tuber was used to produce fermented cassava flour with aid of lactic acid bacteria which is Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Pediococcus pentosaceus. This study aimed to determine effect different starter culture on physicochemical properties and characterization of cassava flour by lactic acid bacteria. Various type of cassava flour (L. plantarum, L. bulgaricus, P. pentosaceus and mixed starter culture) were made as the variable in determining their effect on physicochemical properties and characterization of the fermented cassava flour. The physicochemical properties that conducted on fermented cassava flour was protein content, moisture content and water activity analysis, pH and total titratable acidity analysis. Highest protein content with value (45.49%) was found in fermented cassava flour with L. bulgaricus. It was found that fermentation cassava with microbial starter culture shown the increasing amount of the protein content of the flour. This is due to the action of enzymes produced by the microbial starter culture. The fermented cassava flour also been characterized by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In conclusion, this study shows that protein content of cassava flour increases due to the fermentation by microbial starter culture.
Effects of nitrogen rate and harvesting age on herbage and essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus
Authors: Ismail A A , Pa’ee F , Abd Rani MNF , Mohd Noh A A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This research is about herbage and essential oil yield (EOY) of Cymbopogon citratus subjected to multiple harvesting period and nitrogen rate. This study was carried out in Ladang 1, MARDI Kluang between June 2018 to February 2019. The experimental design used for this study was Randomized Complete Block Design with Factorial under 3 replications. The aims of this study are to evaluate effect of nitrogen rate, harvesting age and the interaction between nitrogen rate and harvesting age on C. citratus herbage yield and EOY. Some of the parameters evaluated in this study include herbage yield, EOY, height and girth. The study discovered that, girth and height show a significant positive linear response towards harvesting age while EOY shows significant negative linear response. Herbage yield was significantly affected by both nitrogen rate and harvesting age but with no significant interaction between the two. Present finding may give rise to improvement on C.citratus production SOP.
Development of herbal bag for herbal bath during postnatal care from Temuan traditional knowledge
Authors: Jahiman N A , Pa’ee F , Manan N A , Md Salleh N A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study is about the development of the herbal bath bag during postpartum care. Herbal bathing important for mother because it can fresh mother’s body and gave a therapy during that period. Lack of knowledge about the herbal bathing is the main factor on why this study was conducted. The objectives for this study are to formulate the plant remedies to be used in the 2 in1 mini pocket herbal bath bag production, to investigate the phytochemical that presence in the formulation and determine the presence of anti-bacterial properties in the plant extract based on the formulation and to develop 2 in 1 mini pocket herbal bath bag for traditional herbal bath based on traditional knowledge from the Temuan community in Taman Negara Gunung Ledang. This study focused on two different plant which are Annona muricata (durian belanda) and Psidium guajava (jambu batu). Both plants were used during postpartum care for herbal bathing by indigenous people. Moreover, the plant part used was the leaves. There are five formulation of the plant that a based on the Design Expert software. Basically, this study consists of two tests which are phytochemical screening and antibacterial testing. Phytochemical screening included terpenoids, steroid, flavonoid, quinone and alkaloids test. The result showed that formulation 3 has higher numbers of phytochemical presence which are flavonoid, terpenoid and quinone. In addition, formulation 3 also have higher number of means ± std for result anti-bacterial activity. As a conclusion, the three objectives were successful achieved and formulation 3 was chosen to develop the herbal bath bag.
Effect of Malaysian durian rind varieties on the yield and degree of esterification of the pectin extracted
Authors: Jong S H , Abdullah N , Muhammad N 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDurian rind which composed more than half of the total weight of durian had produced massive waste to the environment, especially during the peak season. Durian rind was found to be a potential source of pectin. The yield and characteristic of pectin present at different varieties of durian rinds could differ. Thus, the objective of this study is to examine the yield and degree of esterification (DE) of pectin extracted from Musang King (D197), D24, Hajjah Hasmah (D168) and mixed varieties of durian rinds. The pectin was extracted from different varieties of durian rinds in pH 2 citric acid solution (solid to liquid 1:30) at 90°C for 2 hours. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to examine the chemical structure and DE of the pectin. The results showed that the pectin extracted from D168 has the least amount (5.6%) while the pectin yield of other varieties does not differ distinctly (7.1 – 7.73%). All the pectin isolated with DE range 60.79 – 76.71% is high methoxyl pectin with DE > 50%. This study shows that different varieties of durian rinds produce pectin with varying yield, gelling and structural properties which could provide a new alternative of pectin for various industries such as the pharmaceutical and food industries.
Comparison of Damselfly (Odanata: Zygoptera) diversity in wet dune slack habitat with canopied and non-canopied areas of Gumuk Pasir Parangkusumo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Nicolla A C , Irsyad A N , Firdasia W , Sarifah Z , Nilamsari E I , Umah N , Daradwinta R , Sukirno S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Gumuk Pasir Parangkusumo is one of the unique eolian ecosystem in Yogyakarta. This place which mostly formed by dune which in the rainy season is flooded by water, thus forming a pool called wet dune slack. Damselflies (Odonata: Zygoptera) are closely related to the occurrence of water. The aim of this research is to compare the diversity of damselflies in canopied and non-canopied areas on Gumuk Pasir Parangkusumo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The method which used in this research was the descriptive method with active exploration techniques around the wet dune slack to the vegetation formation. The result showed that there are 4 species of damselflies in canopied area and 5 species of damselflies in non-canopied area. The diversity index (H’) is 1.18 in canopied area and 1.01 in non-canopied area. The highest relative abundance of the species in canopied area is Ischnura senegalensis (45,65%) whereas in non-canopied area is Agriocnemis pygmaea (62,34%). The non-canopied areas has conditions more suitable for damselflies’s life.