bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The current role of NLRP3 inflammasome polymorphism in gout susceptibility
Authors: Clavijo‐Cornejo Denise , Hernández‐González Olivia , Gutierrez Marwin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway has an important role in inflammation mediated by monosodium urate crystals in gout, and the characterization of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have helped to recognize disease susceptibility.ObjectiveThe aim of this review is to provide an overview of the potential role of the inflammasome gene SNPs as a susceptibility factor for gout, discussing the current evidence available.MethodsThis review analyzes the relevant literature in the field of inflammasome SNPs and gout published in the last 10 years. The systematic research was performed in 16 articles, including both the SNPs associated and those not associated with gout, with the goal to have a complete overview.ResultsSixty‐nine SNPs from 10 different genes have been reported in the literature. Of these, 13 SNPs present association with gout susceptibility in different populations, while 56 have been established as not being associated with the disease.ConclusionsThis review is a summary of the potential role of inflammasome gene SNPs and their association with gout risk, all of them related with NLRP3 inflammasome signaling, suggesting these polymorphisms are susceptibility candidates and genetic markers for gout. From the 69 SNPs analyzed in the literature, 13 of them have been associated with gout as follows: NLRP3 (rs3806268 and rs10754558), CARD8 (rs2043211), TLR4 (rs2149356), CD14 (rs2569190), IL‐1β (rs1143623), P2RX7 (rs2230911, rs1653624, rs7958316 and rs17525809) and PPARGC1B (rs45520937, rs10491360 and rs7712296) in different populations.
The Role of Timing and Management's Remediation Actions in Preventing Failed Remediation of Material Weaknesses in Internal Controls*
Authors: Imdieke Andrew J. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTPrior research finds that signals of remediation of internal control weaknesses do not guarantee that all weaknesses are fully resolved. However, why certain remediation strategies fail is unclear. This study examines how remediation timing and actions affect the likelihood of a failed remediation. I predict and find that the likelihood of a failed remediation is decreasing in both the time a company takes to remediate and in the extent of remediation actions employed. Importantly, this study documents that disclosures of material changes in internal control provide information useful in assessing the likelihood of a failed remediation, as well as evidence that prompt remediation does not necessarily result in a successful remediation. Moreover, I find that there are consequences to remediation failures in the form of a higher likelihood of management and board turnover. Finally, I find evidence that economic benefits of remediation found in prior research may be understated. This study can provide stakeholders with insights into how the nature, extent, and timing of a remediation strategy can reduce the likelihood of a failed remediation.
Corporate Integrity Culture and Compliance: A Study of the Pharmaceutical Industry*
Authors: Altamuro Jennifer L. M. , Gray John V. , Zhang Haiwen (Helen) 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTThis study examines corporate integrity culture—that is, a firm's shared values and behaviors related to compliance, trustworthiness, and ethics. Different from prior research that associates culture measures with general firm‐level outcomes, we evaluate the pervasiveness of the integrity culture within an organization across two disparate business functions: operations and financial reporting. We first develop a measure of corporate integrity culture based on firms' internal control environments and show that, as predicted, weak integrity culture contributes to both operational and financial non‐compliance. We next document the predicted positive contemporaneous association between operational and financial non‐compliance, controlling for the integrity culture reflected in the internal control environment. Given the organizational and physical distances and lack of day‐to‐day interactions between the two business functions, we infer that management's “tone at the top” likely affects non‐compliance in both functions. Finally, for firms with existing operational non‐compliance, we find more negative market reactions to accounting restatements and higher CEO turnover propensities following restatements. These results indicate that top management must consistently reinforce a culture of compliance and integrity, lest it decay throughout the organization. Our results also imply that regulators evaluating compliance in specific functions could benefit from reviewing compliance in other functions within the firm.
Bipolar disorder and frontotemporal dementia: A systematic review
Authors: Roman Meller Marina , Patel Swara , Duarte Dante , Kapczinski Flavio , de Azevedo Cardoso Taiane 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo detail the biological, clinical and neurocognitive characteristics differentiating bipolar disorder (BD) from frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and to investigate whether BD is a risk factor for FTD.MethodsA total of 16 studies were included in this systematic review. Five studies described biological and/or neurocognitive characteristics between patients with BD and FTD, and 11 studies investigated whether BD was a risk factor for FTD.ResultsIndividuals with FTD presented higher levels of serum neurofilament light chain, greater grey matter reduction in frontal, parietal and temporal lobes, and increased slow wave oscillations in channels F3, F4, T3, T5, T4 and T6 within an electroencephalogram (EEG), relative to individuals with BD. Patients with FTD presented greater deficits in executive function and theory of mind compared to patients with BD in a euthymic state, and more deficits in verbal fluency compared to patients with BD in a current mood episode. Patients with BD in a current mood episode showed greater impairment in attention, working memory, verbal memory and executive function relative to individuals with FTD. In addition, retrospective studies showed that 10.2%–11.6% of patients with behavioural variant FTD (bvFTD) had a preceding history of BD.ConclusionBiological and neurocognitive characteristics help to distinguish between BD and FTD, and it may help to reach a more precise diagnosis. In addition, individuals with BD are at higher risk of developing FTD. More studies are needed to identify the predictors of the conversion between BD to FTD.
Integrating citizen nature photography to natural history science: New record of bird‐lizard predation
Authors: Messas Yuri Fanchini , D’Angelo Giulia Bagarolli , Guedes Thaís Barreto , Vasconcellos‐Neto João 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUnderstanding high biodiverse areas and interactions among organisms requires reciprocal action between scientists and community through citizen science. This paper results from the joint efforts of an amateur nature photographer and scientists to describe the predation behaviour of the heronArdea cocoiupon the lizardAmeiva ameiva. We also discuss the importance of citizen science and digital photography for natural history studies.
Host plant choice and effect of temperature on feeding behaviour ofPerzelia arda(Lepidoptera: Depressariidae), a leaf‐tying larva, on Nothofagaceae from the Andean Patagonian forest
Authors: Capobianco Julio Nahuel , Pietrantuono Ana Laura , Aparicio Alejandro Gabriel , Fernández‐Arhex Valeria 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEnvironmental temperature may cause changes in the physiology and feeding behaviour of herbivorous insects and, consequently, in the damage they can cause. In the Andean Patagonian forest, an eco‐region dominated by trees of the Nothofagaceae family, it is common to find the leaf‐tying larvaePerzelia ardaconsuming seeds and leaves of several species ofNothofagusgenus. The pattern of damage caused byP. ardain these forests varies from year to year and even within seasons. We hypothesise that this phenomenon may be related to an increase in the ambient temperature of this region. The purpose of this work was to determine the host plant preferences ofP. ardaamong four species ofNothofagusgenus and to evaluate whether temperature influences the feeding behaviour of the larvae. We first evaluated the food preferences ofP. ardaby means of two‐choice tests, using leaves ofN. alpina,N. obliqua,N. antarcticaandN. pumilioas stimuli. Secondly, we evaluated the effect of three levels of temperature on herbivory. Our results demonstrated thatP. ardafeed on and equally choose the four species of host plants studied. Temperature influenced the feeding behaviour of the larvae; high levels of consumption ofN. obliquaoccurred at 6°C and differed for the other host plant suggesting that consumption also depends on the type of food resource. In conclusion, the feeding behaviour ofP. ardadepends on a complex interaction between host plant and abiotic conditions. Further studies are required for a better understanding about the use of resources by this native insect, as well as the ecological consequences.
Influence of anticancer agents on sexual function: An in vivo study based on the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System
Authors: Kataoka Tomoya , Sanagawa Akimasa , Suzuki Jun , Muto Tatsuya , Hotta Yuji , Kawade Yoshihiro , Maeda Yasuhiro , Tohkin Masahiro , Kimura Kazunori 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with cancer are treated with chemotherapeutics that cause adverse effects, including erectile dysfunction (ED).ObjectivesWe investigated erectile function in rats after the administration of anticancer agents based on data retrieved through mining of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) database.Materials and methodsThe statistical signal strength for the association between anticancer drugs and ED was calculated using the reporting odds ratio (ROR). A drug–event combination was detected when the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the ROR exceeded 1.00. Rats were administered anticancer agents detected in the FDA AERS analysis. Erectile function was assessed using intracavernous pressure (ICP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) analysis after electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve. Statistical significance was determined using Welch's t‐test or two‐way ANOVA.ResultsMelphalan (L‐PAM; ROR = 4.72, 95% CI = 2.78–8.00), vincristine (VCR; ROR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.54–3.97), docetaxel (DTX; ROR = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.28–3.95), methotrexate (MTX; ROR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.39–2.75), and doxorubicin (DOX; ROR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.07–3.19) enhanced ED risk. L‐PAM and MTX decreased the ICP/MAP ratio 1 week after administration. VCR and DOX decreased erectile function 4 weeks after administration. DTX decreased erectile function at all assessed time points.Discussion and conclusionCertain anticancer agents should be considered risk factors for ED.Our results provide possible treatment strategies for maintaining erectile function in cancer survivors, including careful erectile function monitoring after treatment.
Linguistic and content validity of the Swedish version of the PedsQL™ gastrointestinal symptoms scales and symptoms module for paediatric patients
Authors: Bräutigam Matilda , Dellenmark‐Blom Michaela , Gatzinsky Vladimir , Bergström Jenny , Abrahamsson Kate 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo describe the process of linguistic and content validity of the Swedish version of the PedsQL™ Gastrointestinal Symptoms Scales and Symptoms Module, measuring health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in children with gastrointestinal (GI) disorders.MethodsThe establishment of linguistic and content validity was carried out in compliance with international standards on patient‐reported outcome measurements. The process included forward translation, expert review and reconciliation, backward translation, backward translation review and interviews with 15 children aged 5–18 years with GI tract symptoms and 20 parents of children with GI tract symptoms aged 2–18 years.ResultsThe Swedish version of the PedsQL™ Gastrointestinal Symptoms Scales and Symptoms Module (child report 5–18 years, parent report for children 2–18 years) was achieved without major difficulties. Eight issues needed discussion after forward translation, and there was one change after backward translation and three revisions following patient and parent testing.ConclusionA conceptually equivalent Swedish language version of PedsQL™ Gastrointestinal Symptoms Scale and Symptoms Module for children aged 2–18 years old was developed. This enables improved HRQOL evaluations in children with GI disorders in Sweden. Future research using a larger sample is recommended to evaluate validity and reliability of the Swedish language version of the module.
Physiological and electroencephalographic changes in goats subjected to transportation, lairage, and slaughter
Authors: Othman Azalea‐Hani , Goh Yong Meng , Mohamed Mustapha Noordin , Raghazli Razlina , Kaka Ubedullah , Imlan Jurhamid Columbres , Abubakar Ahmed Abubakar , Abdullah Rasedee 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis preliminary trial investigated the effect of transportation and lairage periods on physiological parameters of goats subjected to slaughter. Nine male Boer cross goats aged 8–12 months were transported for 6 h and kept at lairage for 3, 6, or 16 h (n = 3). Blood samples were collected at pre‐ (pre‐T) and post‐transportation (post‐T), and post‐slaughter (post‐S) for determination of hematological parameters, serum enzyme, protein, and cortisol concentrations. Electroencephalogram readings were taken at pre‐T, post‐T, pre‐slaughter (pre‐S), and post‐S to determine the median frequency (F50) and total power (Ptot) values. At post‐T, there were manifestations of stress leukogram; increase in hematocrit, total protein, and muscle enzyme concentrations; and decrease in Ptot (p < 0.05). The high pre‐T cortisol concentration suggests that the goats were already under stress before transportation. Stress leukogram became less evident after lairage, indicating that the goats had recovered from the stress of transportation. Although the Ptot increased at post‐S especially following 3 h of lairage, F50 values at post‐S did not differ from pre‐L, suggesting that the pre‐slaughter stress may have affected the pain threshold. It is suggested that after 6 h of transportation, goats should ideally be placed in lairage for a minimum period of 3 h before slaughter.
When innovation outpaces regulations: The legal challenges for direct‐to‐patient supply of investigational medicinal products
Authors: Malone Maeve , Ferguson Pamela , Rogers Amy , Mackenzie Isla S. , Rorie David A. , MacDonald Thomas M. 
Published: August 2021

AimsWe profile the lack of specific regulation for direct‐to‐patient postal supply (DTP) of clinical trial medications (investigational medicinal products, IMPs) calling for increased efficiency of patient‐centred multi‐country remote clinical trials.MethodsQuestionnaires emailed to 28 European Economic Area (EEA) Medical Product Licensing Authorities (MPLAs) and Swissmedic MPLA were analysed in 2019/2020. The questionnaire asked whether DTP of IMPs was legal, followed by comparative legal analysis profiling relevant national civil and criminal liability provisions in 30 European jurisdictions (including The Netherlands), finally summarising accessible COVID‐19‐related guidance in searches of 30 official MPLA websites in January 2021.ResultsTwenty MPLAs responded. Twelve consented to response publication in 2021. DTP was not widely authorised, though different phrases were used to explain this. Our legal review of national laws in 29 EEA jurisdictions and Switzerland did not identify any specific sanctions for DTP of IMPs; however, we identified potential national civil and criminal liability provisions. Switzerland provides legal clarity where DTP of IMPs is conditionally legal. MPLA webpage searches for COVID‐19 guidance noted conditional acceptance by 19 MPLAs.ConclusionsSpecific national legislation authorising DTP of IMPs, defining IMP categories, and conditions permitting the postage and delivery by courier in an EEA‐wide clinical trial, would support innovative patient‐centred research for multi‐country remote clinical trials. Despite it appearing more acceptable to do this between EU Member States, provided each EU MPLA and ethics board authorises it, temporary Covid‐19 restrictions in national Good Clinical Practice (GCP) guidance discourages innovative research into the safety and effectiveness of clinical trial medications.
Incidence of testicular cancer in trans women using gender‐affirming hormonal treatment: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: de Nie Iris , Wiepjes Chantal M. , de Blok Christel J.M. , van Moorselaar R. Jeroen A. , Pigot Garry L.S. , van der Sluis Tim M. , Barbé Ellis , van der Voorn Patrick , van Mello Norah M. , Huirne Judith , den Heijer Martin 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the incidence of testicular cancer in trans women (male sex assigned at birth, female gender identity) using gender‐affirming hormonal treatment.Patients and MethodsData of trans women starting hormonal treatment at our gender identity clinic between 1972 and 2017 were linked to the national pathology database to obtain testicular cancer diagnoses. The standardised incidence ratio (SIR) was calculated using the number of observed testicular cancer cases in our cohort and the number of expected cases based on age‐specific Dutch incidence rates. Subgroup analyses were performed in testicular tissues sent for histopathological analysis at the time of bilateral orchidectomy, and when follow‐up exceeded 5 years.ResultsThe cohort consisted of 3026 trans women with a median follow‐up time of 2.3 interquartile range (IQR) (1.6–3.7) years. Two testicular cancer cases were identified whilst 2.4 cases were expected (SIR 0.8, 95% confidence interval 0.1–2.8). In addition, one testicular cancer case was encountered in an orchidectomy specimen (0.1%). In the 523 trans women with a follow‐up time of >5 years (median [IQR] 8.9 [6.4–13.9] years), no testicular cancer was observed.ConclusionTesticular cancer risk in trans women is similar to the risk in cis men. The testicular cancer cases occurred within the first 5 years after commencing hormonal treatment, and the percentage of cases encountered at the time of bilateral orchidectomy was low. As no testicular cancer was observed in trans women with a long follow‐up period, long‐term hormonal treatment does not seem to increase testicular cancer risk.
Concurrent cardiac transthyretin and brain β amyloid accumulation among the older adults: The Hisayama study
Authors: Hamasaki Hideomi , Shijo Masahiro , Nakamura Ayaka , Honda Hiroyuki , Yamada Yuichi , Oda Yoshinao , Ohara Tomoyuki , Ninomiya Toshiharu , Iwaki Toru 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have revealed risk for cognitive impairment in cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the relationship between degenerative changes of the brain and heart, with reference to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathologies, cardiac transthyretin amyloid (ATTR) deposition, and cardiac fibrosis. A total of 240 consecutive autopsy cases of a Japanese population‐based study were examined. β amyloid (Aβ) of senile plaques, phosphorylated tau protein of neurofibrillary tangles, and ATTR in the hearts were immunohistochemically detected and graded according to the NIH‐AA guideline for AD pathology and as Tanskanen reported, respectively. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) was graded according to the Vonsattel scale. Cardiac fibrosis was detected by picrosirius red staining, followed by image analysis. Cardiac ATTR deposition occurred after age 75 years and increased in an age‐dependent manner. ATTR deposition was more common, and of higher grades, in the dementia cases. We subdivided the cases into two age groups: ≤90 years old (n = 173) and >90 years old (n = 67), which was the mean and median age at death of the AD cases. When adjusted for age and sex, TTR deposition grades correlated with Aβ phase score (A2–3), the Consortium to Establish a Registry for AD score (sparse to frequent), and high Braak stage (V–VI) only in those aged ≤90 years at death. No significant correlation was observed between the cardiac ATTR deposition and CAA stages, or between cardiac fibrosis and AD pathologies. Collectively, AD brain pathology correlated with cardiac TTR deposition among the older adults ≤90 years.
Perceptions by early career tropical researchers on the impact of COVID‐19 six months into the pandemic
Authors: Bradham Jennifer Leigh , Umaña Maria Natalia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe impacts of COVID‐19 on early career tropical researchers are diverse and complex, including lack of funding opportunities, limitations to conducting fieldwork in remote places, reduced collaborations and networking, and difficulties when living and collecting data abroad. Here, we examine the current and future impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on this population through a survey of 213 students and early career tropical researchers from around the world. As of September 2020, 55% of participants had already experienced financial repercussions due to the pandemic. Future worries were diverse and included equal concern regarding advancement (collaborations and networking), job uncertainty, fieldwork, and funding, as well as mental health concerns. Successful strategies to support student and early career researchers with regards to the pandemic should include mentoring from those in more advanced career positions on how to reframe research that is no longer feasible to complete as originally intended. Additionally, those responsible for hiring decisions should not penalize applicants for gaps in productivity during this time.