bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rolling covenants to protect coastal ecosystems in the face of sea‐level rise
Authors: Bell‐James Justine , Fitzsimons James A. , Gillies Chris L. , Shumway Nicole , Lovelock Catherine E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article considers how “rolling covenants” (i.e., covenants on land title that can operate in a “rolling” geographic area to keep pace with sea‐level rise) can be used to permit productive use of land in the short term, while ensuring land use can shift over time to allow for coastal ecosystem migration in the medium to long term. We use Australia as a case study, and through analysis of legislation and a series of semistructured interviews, we demonstrate how land title‐based covenants can be used to give legal effect to “rolling covenant” arrangements where land is subject to existing use and occupation. We then consider practical issues associated with drafting a rolling covenant arrangement, including an analysis of the types of events or scenarios that could be used as a basis for land use changing (e.g., projected sea‐level rise, actual ecosystem migration), and the advantages and disadvantages of each. We conclude that rolling covenants are a viable option for land management in the coastal zone, especially in circumstances where funding sources are available to incentivize uptake. Rolling covenants may provide opportunities for coastal wetlands to be maintained and even enhanced in cover, thereby delivering important ecosystem services (e.g., blue carbon) into the future.
Who is the expert? Evaluating local ecological knowledge for assessing wildlife presence in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Zayonc Daniel , Coomes Oliver T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAmazonian wildlife population studies often employ conventional biological survey methods to assess species presence but a growing number of studies are making use of local ecological knowledge (LEK) household surveys. Despite concerns in the scientific community over the accuracy and precision of LEK, scant research to date compares data from conventional biological survey methods with data gathered from household surveys. An important question among scientists is who should be approached when collecting household survey data for wildlife inventories, both for accurate data and for ethical concerns. In this article, we report on the accuracy and precision of LEK household surveys for wildlife inventories based on data collected along the Napo River in Peru using 10 land transect surveys, 5 river transect surveys, 487 camera trap days, and 37 LEK household surveys. Our findings indicate that the household surveys for wildlife inventories are accurate in comparison to biological survey methods, and that they may outperform conventional surveys for certain aquatic, ephemeral, and cryptic terrestrial species. We find no statistical differences among households defined by participation in hunting, community leadership, or primary livelihood strategy. Community members recommend that scientists first solicit wildlife data from community leaders and then hunters. Through the use of retrospection, LEK surveys can reveal how wildlife presence changes through time in remote, data‐poor tropical forests. Use of LEK household surveys is recommended as a useful complement to other methods, with attention to collecting data ethically in collaboration with local communities.
Perceived unmet substance use and mental health care needs of acute care patients who use drugs: A cross‐sectional analysis using the Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations
Authors: Kosteniuk Brynn , Salvalaggio Ginetta , Wild T. Cameron , Gelberg Lillian , Hyshka Elaine 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe perceived unmet service needs of acute care‐seeking people who use illegal drugs (PWUD) have been poorly documented, despite evidence of frequent hospital utilisation. This study applies the Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations to investigate correlates of unmet service needs in this subpopulation.MethodsSurvey data from 285 PWUD at three urban Canadian acute care centres were examined. The survey included the Perceived Need for Care Questionnaire, which measured service seeking and care satisfaction for mental health and substance use concerns across seven types of services, as well as barriers to having care needs met. The Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations was applied in hierarchical setwise logistic regression to examine associations between high unmet service need and socio‐structural predictors (i.e. predisposing, enabling and need factors).ResultsAlmost half (46%) of participants reported a high level of unmet service need, despite seeking services during the past year. Participants reporting recent criminal activity, adverse childhood experiences, transitory sleeping, having no community support worker, and meeting screening criteria for depression were more likely to report a high level of unmet service needs. Structural barriers to care (57%) were more commonly reported than motivational barriers (43%).Discussion and ConclusionsAcute care‐seeking PWUD experience high rates of unmet service needs for their mental health and substance use problems. Strategies that can help overcome structural barriers to care are necessary to help address the service needs of this population.
Severe aortic stenosis echocardiographic thresholds revisited
Authors: Schwartzenberg Shmuel , Vatury Mordehay , Wiessman Maya , Shechter Alon , Morelli Olga , Ofek Hadas , Kazum Shirit , Kornowski Ran , Sagie Alexander , Shapira Yaron 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn view of inconsistencies in threshold values of severe aortic stenosis (AS) hemodynamic indices, it is unclear what is the relative contribution of each variable in a binary classification of AS based on aortic valve replacement (AVR) indication. We aimed to assess relative discriminative value and optimal threshold of each constituent hemodynamic parameter for this classification and confirm additional prognostic value.MethodsEchocardiography studies of 168 patients with ≥ moderate AS were included. AS types were dichotomized into Group‐A, comprising moderate and Normal‐Flow Low‐Gradient (NFLG), and Group‐B, comprising High‐Gradient(HG), Low Ejection Fraction Low‐Flow Low‐Gradient(Low EF‐LFLG), and Paradoxical Low‐Flow Low‐Gradient(PLFLG) AS. Aortic valve area (AVA), Doppler velocity index (DVI), peak aortic velocity, mean gradient, stroke volume index and transaortic flow rate(TFR) were assessed for A/B Group discrimination value and optimal thresholds were determined. Dichotomized values were assessed for predictive value for AVR or death.ResultsC‐statistic values for binary AS classification was .74–.9 for the tested variables. AVA and DVI featured the highest score, and SVI the lowest one. AVA≤.81 cm2 and DVI≤.249 had 87.6% and 86% respective sensitivity for Group B patients, and a similar specificity of 80.9%. During a mean follow‐up of 9.1±10.1 months, each of the tested dichotomized variables except for SVI predicted AVR or death on multivariate analysis.ConclusionAn AVA value ≤.81 cm2 or a DVI ≤ .249 threshold carry the highest discriminative value for severe AS in patients with aortic stenosis, translating into an independent prognostic value, and can be helpful in making clinical decisions.
A comparison of low‐cost behavioral observation software applications for handheld computers and recommendations for use
Authors: van der Marel Annemarie , O’Connell Claire L. , Prasher Sanjay , Carminito Chelsea , Francis Xavier , Hobson Elizabeth A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the field of animal behavior and behavioral ecology, many standardized methods to observe animal behavior were established in the last decades. While the protocols remained similar, behavioral researchers can take advantage of technological advancements to enter observations directly onto a handheld computer (phone, tablet, etc.), saving time and potentially increasing fidelity of recordings. However, we now have the choice between many different platforms for recording behavioral observations. Our challenge is choosing the most appropriate platform that fits a particular study question, research design, budget, and desired amount of preparatory time. Here, we review six low‐cost software applications for handheld computers that are available for real‐time entry of behavioral observations: Animal Behaviour Pro, Animal Observer, BORIS, CyberTracker, Prim8, and ZooMonitor. We discuss the preliminary decisions that have to be made about the study design, and we assess the six applications by providing the advantages and disadvantages of each platform and an overall application comparison. In our supplemental material, we illustrate the setup and data collection routines, and how to customize certain platforms so they will work more effectively for particular study aims or sampling methods. Our goal is to help researchers make calculated decisions about what behavioral observation platform is best for their study system and question.
Mask‐Wearing Behavior During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Cross‐Cultural Comparison Between the United States and South Korea
Authors: Chang Hyo Jung (Julie) , Min Seoha , Woo Hongjoo , Yurchisin Jennifer 
Published: December 2021

This study identified and compared factors that directly and indirectly influenced face mask‐wearing in the United States and South Korea during the COVID‐19 pandemic by applying the theory of reasoned action. The overall levels of attitudes and future mask‐wearing behavioral intention were lower for United States than Korean participants (NUS = 150 and NSouth Korea = 150). Differences between the groups were noted in the impact of norms and background characteristics on attitudes and behavioral intention. Messages communicating the importance of wearing masks should be tailored to different cultures. Americans should be encouraged to try wearing masks on their own while Koreans should hear about the social benefits of mask‐wearing.
Adaptive strategies of sponges to deoxygenated oceans
Authors: Micaroni Valerio , Strano Francesca , McAllen Rob , Woods Lisa , Turner John , Harman Luke , Bell James J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOcean deoxygenation is one of the major consequences of climate change. In coastal waters, this process can be exacerbated by eutrophication, which is contributing to an alarming increase in the so‐called ‘dead zones’ globally. Despite its severity, the effect of reduced dissolved oxygen has only been studied for a very limited number of organisms, compared to other climate change impacts such as ocean acidification and warming. Here, we experimentally assessed the response of sponges to moderate and severe simulated hypoxic events. We ran three laboratory experiments on four species from two different temperate oceans (NE Atlantic and SW Pacific). Sponges were exposed to a total of five hypoxic treatments, with increasing severity (3.3, 1.6, 0.5, 0.4 and 0.13 mg O2 L−1, over 7–12‐days). We found that sponges are generally very tolerant of hypoxia. All the sponges survived in the experimental conditions, except Polymastia crocea, which showed significant mortality at the lowest oxygen concentration (0.13 mg O2 L−1, lethal median time: 286 h). In all species except Suberites carnosus, hypoxic conditions do not significantly affect respiration rate down to 0.4 mg O2 L−1, showing that sponges can uptake oxygen at very low concentrations in the surrounding environment. Importantly, sponges displayed species‐specific phenotypic modifications in response to the hypoxic treatments, including physiological, morphological and behavioural changes. This phenotypic plasticity likely represents an adaptive strategy to live in reduced or low oxygen water. Our results also show that a single sponge species (i.e., Suberites australiensis) can display different strategies at different oxygen concentrations. Compared to other sessile organisms, sponges generally showed higher tolerance to hypoxia, suggesting that sponges could be favoured and survive in future deoxygenated oceans.
Aquatic invasion patterns across the North Atlantic
Authors: Cuthbert Ross N. , Kotronaki Syrmalenia G. , Carlton James T. , Ruiz Gregory M. , Fofonoff Paul , Briski Elizabeta 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBiological invasions are a major driver of biodiversity loss and socioeconomic burden globally. As invasion rates accelerate worldwide, understanding past invasion dynamics is essential to inform predictions of future invaders and impacts. Owing to a high diversity of pathways and current biosecurity gaps, aquatic systems near urban centres are especially susceptible to alien species establishments. Here, we compiled and compared alien species lists for three different aquatic recipient regions spanning the North Atlantic: Chesapeake Bay, Great Lakes‐St. Lawrence River and North and Baltic Seas. Each system is a major trade centre, with a history of invasions, and characterized by a strong natural salinity gradient. Our goal was to compare the alien species across systems, to test for similarities in the taxonomic composition and geographic origin as well as species overlap among the three regions. We selected specific macroinvertebrate, algal and fish taxa for analysis, to control for uneven taxonomic and biogeographic resolution across regions. Cumulatively, we identified 326 individual alien species established in these aquatic systems, with the North and Baltic Seas most invaded overall (163), followed by Great Lakes‐St. Lawrence River (84) and Chesapeake Bay (79). Most invasions were from Ponto‐Caspian, Eurasian, Northwest Pacific, Northwest Atlantic and North American origins, and mostly comprised Arthropoda, Chordata, Mollusca and Annelida. However, origins and taxonomies differed significantly among destinations, with Ponto‐Caspian species particularly successful invaders to the North and Baltic Seas then Great Lakes‐St. Lawrence River, but less so to Chesapeake Bay. Nevertheless, approximately eight‐tenths of invaders established in only one region, indicating disparate invasion patterns and a high potential for future aliens to accrue from increasingly diverse source pools and pathways. These results support biosecurity strategies that consider a broad range of geographic origins and taxonomic groups to limit the translocation, arrival and spread of alien species worldwide.
Tropical tall forests are more sensitive and vulnerable to drought than short forests
Authors: Liu Liyang , Chen Xiuzhi , Ciais Philippe , Yuan Wenping , Maignan Fabienne , Wu Jin , Piao Shilong , Wang Ying‐Ping , Wigneron Jean‐Pierre , Fan Lei , Gentine Pierre , Yang Xueqin , Gong Fanxi , Liu Hui , Wang Chen , Tang Xuli , Yang Hui , Ye Qing , He Bin , Shang Jiali , Su Yongxian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOur limited understanding of the impacts of drought on tropical forests significantly impedes our ability in accurately predicting the impacts of climate change on this biome. Here, we investigated the impact of drought on the dynamics of forest canopies with different heights using time‐series records of remotely sensed Ku‐band vegetation optical depth (Ku‐VOD), a proxy of top‐canopy foliar mass and water content, and separated the signal of Ku‐VOD changes into drought‐induced reductions and subsequent non‐drought gains. Both drought‐induced reductions and non‐drought increases in Ku‐VOD varied significantly with canopy height. Taller tropical forests experienced greater relative Ku‐VOD reductions during drought and larger non‐drought increases than shorter forests, but the net effect of drought was more negative in the taller forests. Meta‐analysis of in situ hydraulic traits supports the hypothesis that taller tropical forests are more vulnerable to drought stress due to smaller xylem‐transport safety margins. Additionally, Ku‐VOD of taller forests showed larger reductions due to increased atmospheric dryness, as assessed by vapor pressure deficit, and showed larger gains in response to enhanced water supply than shorter forests. Including the height‐dependent variation of hydraulic transport in ecosystem models will improve the simulated response of tropical forests to drought.
Development and field testing of a decision aid to facilitate shared decision making for adults newly diagnosed with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Aoki Yumi , Tsuboi Takashi , Takaesu Yoshikazu , Watanabe Koichiro , Nakayama Kazuhiro , Kinoshita Yasuhito , Kayama Mami 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe number of individuals who are diagnosed with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) during adulthood has increased in recent years. However, there is still no decision aid (DA) to help adults newly diagnosed with ADHD make decisions regarding further treatments.ObjectiveThis study aimed to describe the development process of a DA for adults newly diagnosed with ADHD and its field testing during the shared decision‐making (SDM) process in a clinical setting.MethodsThe development process involved the creation of a DA prototype using the International Patient Decision Aid Standards criteria and revision of the prototype through the stakeholders' reviews. The field testing of the DA compared scores before and after the SDM process on the service users' knowledge scale, decisional conflict scale and the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scales.ResultsThe developed DA contained options of watchful waiting with own coping skills and pharmacological treatment, which consisted of several kinds of drug options. Fifteen adults newly diagnosed with ADHD participated in the field testing. The participant decision‐making quality outcomes such as their knowledge and decisional conflict improved after the SDM process. ADHD severity did not change.ConclusionA DA for adults with ADHD was systematically developed following the international criteria. Field testing indicated that the DA could serve as a tool to facilitate the SDM process. Further research on this DA is necessary before its routine implementation.Patient or Public ContributionDuring the development process of the DA, the service users who had already been diagnosed with ADHD reviewed the DA prototype and provided feedback, which improved the final version of the DA.
REALLOCATION EFFECTS OF MONETARY POLICY
Authors: Miyakawa Daisuke , Oikawa Koki , Ueda Kozo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe construct a model that introduces nominal rigidity into R&D‐driven endogenous growth with heterogeneous firms. The model shows that high nominal growth leads to an increase in the market share of innovative firms as menu‐cost burdens are relatively heavier for less innovative firms. This reallocation effect yields a positive effect of monetary expansion on both real growth and welfare. The optimal nominal growth can be strictly positive even under nominal rigidity. Moreover, menu costs can improve welfare. Japanese firm‐level data are consistent with the model implication in that under higher inflation, large firms grow faster than small firms.
In vitro biological activity of extracts from marine bacteria cultures against Toxoplasma gondii and Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Quintero Marynes , Blandón Lina M. , Vidal Oscar M. , Guzman Juan D. , Gómez-Marín Jorge E. , Patiño Albert D. , Molina Diego A. , Puerto-Castro Gloria M. , Gómez-León Javier 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims
To evaluate the biological activity of extracts from cultures of marine bacteria against Toxoplasma gondii and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Methods and Results
Ethyl acetate extracts obtained from seven marine bacteria were tested against T. gondii GFP-RH and M. tuberculosis H37Rv. The cytotoxicity on HFF-1 cells was measured by a microplate resazurin fluorescent approach, and the haemolytic activity was determined photometrically. The extracts from Bacillus sp. (INV FIR35 and INV FIR48) affected the tachyzoite viability. The extracts from Bacillus, Pseudoalteromonas, Streptomyces and Micromonospora exhibited effects on infection and proliferation processes of parasite. Bacillus sp. INV FIR48 extract showed an minimum inhibitory concentration value of 50 µg ml−1 against M. tuberculosis H37Rv. All the extracts exhibited relatively low toxicity to HFF-1 cells and the primary culture of erythrocytes, except Bacillus sp. INV FIR35, which decreased cell viability under 20%. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry analysis of the most active bacterial extract Bacillus sp. INV FIR48 showed the presence of peptide metabolites related to surfactin.

Conclusions
The extract from culture of deep-sea Bacillus sp. INV FIR48 showed anti-T. gondii and anti-tuberculosis (TB) biological activity with low cytotoxicity. In addition, peptide metabolites were detected in the extract.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Toxoplasmosis and TB are among the most prevalent diseases worldwide, and the current treatment drugs exhibit side effects. This study confirm that marine bacteria are on hand sources of anti-infective natural products.
Novel strategies for inhibition of bacterial biofilm in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Shariati Aref , Vesal Soheil , Khoshbayan Amin , Goudarzi Parnian , Darban-Sarokhalil Davood , Razavi Shabnam , Didehdar Mojtaba , Chegini Zahra 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
An important role has been recently reported for bacterial biofilm in the pathophysiology of chronic diseases, such as chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). CRS, affecting sinonasal mucosa, is a persistent inflammatory condition with a high prevalence around the world. Although the exact pathological mechanism of this disease has not been elicited yet, biofilm formation is known to lead to a more significant symptom burden and major objective clinical indicators. The high prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria has severely restricted the application of antibiotics in recent years. Furthermore, systemic antibiotic therapy, on top of its insufficient concentration to eradicate bacteria in the sinonasal biofilm, often causes toxicity, antibiotic resistance, and an effect on the natural microbiota, in patients. Thus, coming up with alternative therapeutic options instead of systemic antibiotic therapy is emphasized in the treatment of bacterial biofilm in CRS patients. The use of topical antibiotic therapy and antibiotic eluting sinus stents that induce higher antibiotic concentration, and decrease side effects could be helpful. Besides, recent research recognized that various natural products, nitric oxide, and bacteriophage therapy, in addition to the hindered biofilm formation, could degrade the established bacterial biofilm. However, despite these improvements, new antibacterial agents and CRS biofilm interactions are complicated and need extensive research. Finally, most studies were performed in vitro, and more preclinical animal models and human studies are required to confirm the collected data. The present review is specifically discussing potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of bacterial biofilm in CRS patients.