bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global simulations of tidal disruption event disc formation via stream injection in GRRMHD
Authors: Curd Brandon 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
We use the general relativistic radiation magnetohydrodynamics code KORAL to simulate the accretion disc formation resulting from the tidal disruption of a solar mass star around a supermassive black hole (BH) of mass 106 M⊙. We simulate the disruption of artificially more bound stars with orbital eccentricity e ≤ 0.99 (compared to the more realistic case of parabolic orbits with e = 1) on close orbits with impact parameter β ≥ 3. We use a novel method of injecting the tidal stream into the domain, and we begin the stream injection at the peak fallback rate in this study. For two simulations, we choose e = 0.99 and inject mass at a rate that is similar to parabolic TDEs. We find that the disc only becomes mildly circularized with eccentricity e ≈ 0.6 within the 3.5 d that we simulate. The rate of circularization is faster for pericenter radii that come closer to the BH. The emitted radiation is mildly super-Eddington with $L_{\rm {bol}}\approx 3{-}5\, L_{\rm {Edd}}$ and the photosphere is highly asymmetric with the photosphere being significantly closer to the inner accretion disc for viewing angles near pericenter. We find that soft X-ray radiation with Trad ≈ 3–5 × 105 K may be visible for chance viewing angles. Our simulations suggest that TDEs should be radiatively inefficient with η ≈ 0.009–0.014.
Circumbinary and circumstellar discs around the eccentric binary IRAS 04158+2805 — a testbed for binary–disc interaction
Authors: Ragusa Enrico , Fasano Daniele , Toci Claudia , Duchêne Gaspard , Cuello Nicolás , Villenave Marion , van der Plas Gerrit , Lodato Giuseppe , Ménard François , Price Daniel J , Pinte Christophe , Stapelfeldt Karl , Wolff Schuyler 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
IRAS 04158+2805 has long been thought to be a very low mass T-Tauri star (VLMS) surrounded by a nearly edge-on, extremely large disc. Recent observations revealed that this source hosts a binary surrounded by an extended circumbinary disc with a central dust cavity. In this paper, we combine ALMA multiwavelength observations of continuum and 12CO line emission, with H α imaging and Keck astrometric measures of the binary to develop a coherent dynamical model of this system. The system features an azimuthal asymmetry detected at the western edge of the cavity in Band 7 observations and a wiggling outflow. Dust emission in ALMA Band 4 from the proximity of the individual stars suggests the presence of marginally resolved circumstellar discs. We estimate the binary orbital parameters from the measured arc of the orbit from Keck and ALMA astrometry. We further constrain these estimates using considerations from binary–disc interaction theory. We finally perform three SPH gas+dust simulations based on the theoretical constraints; we post-process the hydrodynamic output using radiative transfer Monte Carlo methods and directly compare the models with observations. Our results suggest that a highly eccentric e ∼ 0.5–0.7 equal mass binary, with a semimajor axis of ∼55 au, and small/moderate orbital plane versus circumbinary disc inclination θ ≲ 30° provides a good match with observations. A dust mass of ${\sim}1.5\times 10^{-4} \, {\rm M_\odot }$ best reproduces the flux in Band 7 continuum observations. Synthetic CO line emission maps qualitatively capture both the emission from the central region and the non-Keplerian nature of the gas motion in the binary proximity.
Orientation effect on the light-curve shape of periodic methanol maser sources
Authors: Morgan J , van der Walt D J , Chibueze J O , Zhang Q 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
We report the results of our pilot millimeter observations of periodic maser sources. Using SMA, we carried out 1.3-mm observations of G22.357+0.066 and G25.411+0.105, while ALMA 1.3-mm archival data were used in the case of G9.62+0.19E. Two continuum cores (MM1 and MM2) were detected in G22.357+0.066, while three cores (MM1 – MM3) detected in G25.411 + 0.105. Assuming dust-to-gas ratio of 100, we derived the masses of the detected cores. Using the 12CO (2–1) and 13CO (2–1) line emission, we observed gas kinematics tracing the presence of bipolar outflows in all three star-forming regions. In the cases of G22.357+0.066 and G9.62+0.19E, both with similar periodic maser light-curve profiles, the outflowing gas is seen in the north-west south-east direction. This suggest edge-on view of the two sources. G25.411+0.105, with a contrasting light-curve profile, show a spatially collocated blue and red outflow lobes, suggesting a face-on view. Our results suggest that orientation effects may play a role in determining the characteristics of the light curves of periodic methanol masers.
The evolving radio jet from the neutron star X-ray binary 4U 1820−30
Authors: Russell T D , Degenaar N , den Eijnden J van , Del Santo M , Segreto A , Altamirano D , Beri A , Díaz Trigo M , Miller-Jones J C A 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
The persistently bright ultracompact neutron star low-mass X-ray binary 4U 1820−30 displays an ∼170 d accretion cycle, evolving between phases of high and low X-ray modes, where the 3–10 keV X-ray flux changes by a factor of up to ≈8. The source is generally in a soft X-ray spectral state, but may transition to a harder state in the low X-ray mode. Here, we present new and archival radio observations of 4U 1820−30 during its high and low X-ray modes. For radio observations taken within a low mode, we observed a flat radio spectrum consistent with 4U 1820−30 launching a compact radio jet. However, during the high X-ray modes the compact jet was quenched and the radio spectrum was steep, consistent with optically thin synchrotron emission. The jet emission appeared to transition at an X-ray luminosity of $L_{\rm X (3-10\, keV)} \sim 3.5 \times 10^{37} (D/\rm {7.6\, kpc})^{2}$ erg s−1. We also find that the low-state radio spectrum appeared consistent regardless of X-ray hardness, implying a connection between jet quenching and mass accretion rate in 4U 1820−30, possibly related to the properties of the inner accretion disc or boundary layer.
Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guidelines for Perioperative Spine: Preoperative Surgical Risk Assessment
Authors: Harrop James S , Mohamed Basma , Bisson Erica F , Dhall Sanjay , Dimar John , Mummaneni Praveen V , Wang Marjorie C , Hoh Daniel J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Patient factors (increased body mass index [BMI], smoking, and diabetes) may impact outcomes after spine surgery. There is a lack of consensus regarding which factors should be screened for and potentially modified preoperatively to optimize outcome.

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this evidence-based clinical practice guideline is to determine if preoperative patient factors of diabetes, smoking, and increased BMI impact surgical outcomes.

METHODS
A systematic review of the literature for studies relevant to spine surgery was performed using the National Library of Medicine PubMed database and the Cochrane Library. Clinical studies evaluating the impact of diabetes or increased BMI with reoperation and/or surgical site infection (SSI) were selected for review. In addition, the impact of preoperative smoking on patients undergoing spinal fusion was reviewed.

RESULTS
A total of 699 articles met inclusion criteria and 64 were included in the systematic review. In patients with diabetes, a preoperative hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) >7.5 mg/dL is associated with an increased risk of reoperation or infection after spine surgery. The review noted conflicting studies regarding the relationship between increased BMI and SSI or reoperation. Preoperative smoking is associated with increased risk of reoperation (Grade B). There is insufficient evidence that cessation of smoking before spine surgery decreases the risk of reoperation.

CONCLUSION
This evidence-based guideline provides a Grade B recommendation that diabetic individuals undergoing spine surgery should have a preoperative HbA1c test before surgery and should be counseled regarding the increased risk of reoperation or infection if the level is >7.5 mg/dL. There is conflicting evidence that BMI correlates with greater SSI rate or reoperation rate (Grade I). Smoking is associated with increased risk of reoperation (Grade B) in patients undergoing spinal fusion.
The full guidelines can be accessed at https://www.cns.org/guidelines/browse-guidelines-detail/2-preoperative-surgical-risk-assessement
Assessment of neurological function using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale in patients with gliomas
Authors: Zeitlberger Anna Maria , Flynn Marie-Claire , Hollenstein Monika , Hundsberger Thomas 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
The evaluation of treatment response in patients with gliomas is performed using the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria. These criteria are based on cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), steroid use, and neurological function. However, a standardized tool for evaluating neurological function was lacking. We compared changes in the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) to changes in the RANO categories to determine the relationship between clinical and neuroradiological findings.

Methods
We reviewed data on all adult patients with supratentorial gliomas WHO grade II-IV who were treated at the Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen from 2008 to 2015. The NIHSS was performed prospectively at baseline and at 3-month intervals simultaneously to MRI. Associations between changes in the NIHSS and RANO categories were assessed using the Stuart-Maxwell test.

Results
Our cohort consisted of 61 patients from which 471 observations were analyzed. The most common histological diagnosis was glioblastoma (49.2%). In total, 74% of RANO categories and 81% of the NIHSS scores remained stable on follow-up. Statistically, contemporaneous changes in the RANO category did not correlate with changes in the NIHSS (P &lt; .0001).

Conclusion
The application of the NIHSS is easy and feasible in the heterogeneous population of glioma patients. In our cohort, the RANO categories did not reflect contemporaneous changes in the NIHSS. A validated clinical outcome measure with a well-defined minimal clinically important difference is warranted in neuro-oncological research and clinical practice.
Insights Into the Mini-BESTest Scoring System: Comparison of 6 Different Structural Models
Authors: Godi Marco , Arcolin Ilaria , Leavy Breiffni , Giardini Marica , Corna Stefano , Franzén Erika 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective
The Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest) is a balance scale common to clinical practice, but different scoring has been proposed, that is, total score and/or subsections. This study aimed to investigate Mini-BESTest validity by comparing 6 structural models and to establish the best model for discriminating fallers from nonfallers, that is, those who did or did not report at least 2 falls in the 6 months before evaluation.

Methods
In this cross-sectional validation study, data from 709 individuals with idiopathic Parkinson disease (Hoehn and Yahr stages 1–3) were analyzed. Individuals were evaluated with the Mini-BESTest, and fall history was recorded. Construct, convergent, and discriminant validity and reliability of the 6 models were analyzed. The ability of the models to adequately identify individuals with or without a history of falls was tested with receiving operating characteristic curves.

Results
Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the unidimensional models and the 4-factor solutions showed the best fit indexes. Conversely, second-order models, which allowed reporting of both total and subsections, did not converge. Most models and factors showed a low convergent validity (average variance extracted values &lt;0.5). Correlations among the anticipatory postural adjustments factor with both the sensory orientation and the dynamic gait factors of multidimensional models were high (r ≥ 0.85). Unidimensional model reliability was good, whereas low values were found in one-half of the subsections. Finally, both unidimensional models showed a large area under the receiving operating characteristic curve (0.81).

Conclusion
The original unidimensional Mini-BESTest model—with a total score of 28—showed the highest validity and reliability and was best at discriminating fallers from nonfallers. Conversely, its 4 subsections should not be reported separately, because they were highly correlated and had low reliability; therefore, they are not actually capable of measuring different aspects of balance.

Impact
This study shows that the Mini-BESTest should be used only with the original unidimensional scoring system in people with Parkinson disease.
Short- and longer-term cancer risks with biologic and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs as used against rheumatoid arthritis in clinical practice
Authors: Huss Viking , Bower Hannah , Wadström Hjalmar , Frisell Thomas , Askling Johan ,   the ARTIS group, Ahlenius Gerd-Marie , Baecklund Eva , Chatzidionysiou Katerina , Feltelius Nils , Forsblad-d’Elia Helena , Kastbom Alf , Klareskog Lars , Lindqvist Elisabet , Lindström Ulf , Turesson Carl , Sjöwall Christopher , Askling Johan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective
To estimate the occurrence and relative risks of first-ever-incident non-cutaneous cancer overall and for 16 sites in patients with RA treated with biologic and targeted synthetic DMARDs (b/tsDMARDs), by time since treatment start, attained age, and duration of active treatment.

Methods
This is an observational nationwide and population-based cohort study of patients with RA (n = 69 308), treated with TNF inhibitors (TNFi; adalimumab, certolizumab, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab) or other b/tsDMARDs (abatacept, rituximab, baricitinib, tofacitinib and tocilizumab) compared with RA patients not treated with b/tsDMARDs, and matched general population referents (n = 109 532), 2001–2018. The study was based on prospectively collected data from the Swedish Rheumatology Quality Register and from other registers, linked to the national Swedish Cancer Register. Incidence rates and hazard ratios were estimated via Cox regression adjusted for co-morbidities and other health characteristics.

Results
Based on 8633 incident cancers among RA patients, the overall relative risk of cancer with TNFi [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.0] was neither increased nor did it change with time since treatment start, duration of active treatment, or attained age, when compared with b/tsDMARD-naïve RA. For other b/tsDMARDs, we noted no consistent signal of increased overall risks (HRs ranged from 1.0 to 1.2), but there were statistically significant estimates above 1 for abatacept with 2–5 years of active treatment, for older age groups, and between several of the bDMARDs and urinary tract cancer.

Conclusion
TNFis, as used long term in clinical practice against RA, are not linked to increased risks for cancer overall. For other b/tsDMARDs, and for site-specific risks, our results are generally reassuring but contain signals that call for replication.
“The Squeaky Wheel Gets the Grease”: Rental Assistance Applicants’ Quests for a Rationed and Scarce Resource
Authors: Keene Danya E , Rosenberg Alana , Schlesinger Penelope , Whittaker Shannon , Niccolai Linda , Blankenship Kim M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In 2016, only one in five eligible U.S. households received rental assistance and waiting lists averaged two years nationally. The gap between available rental assistance and need requires systems to allocate this scarce resource. The way potential rental assistance recipients experience and navigate these systems is likely to shape who ultimately receives assistance. We draw on repeated qualitative interviews (N=238) with low-income New Haven residents (N=54) to examine how participants understand and navigate rental assistance applications and waiting lists. Participants encountered multiple challenges in their search for rental assistance. They described an opaque and complex application and waiting process requiring significant knowledge to navigate. They also described considerable labor associated with monitoring waiting lists, a challenge made more difficult for some by their lack of a stable address. Additionally, participants described significant labor and knowledge required to strategically navigate prioritization systems that often required them to advocate for their deservingness of scarce housing resources. Our findings suggest that the allocation of rental assistance through complex processes that depend on applicant knowledge, labor, and advocacy may create barriers to housing, particularly for more vulnerable and marginalized housing seekers.
14-Day Nose-Only Inhalation Toxicity and Haber’s Rule Study of NNK in Sprague-Dawley Rats
Authors: Hu Shu-Chieh , Min Seonggi , Kang Hyun-Ki , Yang Dong-Jin , Lewis Sherry M , Davis Kelly J , Patton Ralph E , Bryant Matthew S , Sepehr Estatira , Trbojevich Raul , Pearce Mason G , Bishop Michelle E , Heflich Robert H , Maisha MacKean P , Felton Robert , Chemerynski Susan , Yee Steven B , Coraggio Melis , Rosenfeldt Hans , Yeager R Philip , Howard Paul C , Tang Yunan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is one of the key tobacco-specific nitrosamines that plays an important role in human lung carcinogenesis. However, repeated inhalation toxicity data on NNK, which is more directly relevant to cigarette smoking, are currently limited. In the present study, the subacute inhalation toxicity of NNK was evaluated in Sprague Dawley rats. Both sexes (9–10 weeks age; 16 rats/sex/group) were exposed by nose-only inhalation to air, vehicle control (75% propylene glycol), or 0.8, 3.2, 12.5, or 50 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day of NNK (NNK aerosol concentrations: 0, 0, 0.03, 0.11, 0.41, or 1.65 mg/L air) for 1 h/day for 14 consecutive days. Toxicity was evaluated by assessing body and organ weights; food consumption; clinical pathology; histopathology observations; blood, urine, and tissue levels of NNK, its major metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), and their glucuronides (reported as total NNK, tNNK, and total NNAL, tNNAL, respectively); O6-methylguanine DNA adduct formation; and blood and bone marrow micronucleus frequency. Whether the subacute inhalation toxicity of NNK followed Haber’s Rule was also determined using additional animals exposed 4 h/day. The results showed that NNK exposure caused multiple significant adverse effects, with the most sensitive endpoint being non-neoplastic histopathological lesions in the nose. The lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) was 0.8 mg/kg BW/day or 0.03 mg/L air for 1 h/day for both sexes. An assessment of Haber’s Rule indicated that 14-day inhalation exposure to the same dose at a lower concentration of NNK aerosol for a longer time (4 h daily) resulted in greater adverse effects than exposure to a higher concentration of NNK aerosol for a shorter time (1 h daily).
The Macroeconomy After Tariffs
Authors: Furceri Davide , Hannan Swarnali A , Ostry Jonathan D , Rose Andrew K 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhat does the macroeconomy look like in the aftermath of tariff changes? This study estimates impulse response functions from local projections using a panel of annual data that spans 151 countries from 1963 to 2014. Tariff increases are associated with persistent, economically and statistically significant declines in domestic output and productivity, as well as higher unemployment and inequality, real exchange rate appreciation, and insignificant changes to the trade balance. Output and productivity impacts are magnified when tariffs rise during expansions and when they are imposed by more advanced or smaller (as opposed to developing or larger) economies; effects are asymmetric, being larger when tariffs go up than when they fall. While firmly establishing causality is always a challenge, the results are robust to a large number of perturbations to the baseline methodology, and they hold using both macroeconomic and industry-level data.
Dual Transcriptional Profiling of Carrot and ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ at Different Stages of Infection Suggests Complex Host-Pathogen Interaction
Authors: Wang Jinhui , Haapalainen Minna , Nissinen Anne I. , Pirhonen Minna 
Published: July 2021

The interactions between the phloem-limited pathogen ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ haplotype C and carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) were studied at 4, 5, and 9 weeks postinoculation (wpi), by combining dual RNA-Seq results with data on bacterial colonization and observations of the plant phenotype. In the infected plants, genes involved in jasmonate biosynthesis, salicylate signaling, pathogen-associated molecular pattern- and effector-triggered immunity, and production of pathogenesis-related proteins were up-regulated. At 4 wpi, terpenoid synthesis-related genes were up-regulated, presumably as a response to the psyllid feeding, whereas at 5 and 9 wpi, genes involved in both the terpenoid and flavonoid production were down-regulated and phenylpropanoid genes were up-regulated. Chloroplast-related gene expression was down-regulated, in concordance with the observed yellowing of the infected plant leaves. Both the RNA-Seq data and electron microscopy suggested callose accumulation in the infected phloem vessels, likely to impair the transport of photosynthates, while phloem regeneration was suggested by the formation of new sieve cells and the upregulation of cell wall–related gene expression. The ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ genes involved in replication, transcription, and translation were expressed at high levels at 4 and 5 wpi, whereas, at 9 wpi, the Flp pilus genes were highly expressed, suggesting adherence and reduced mobility of the bacteria. The ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ genes encoding ATP and C4-dicarboxylate uptake were differentially expressed between the early and late infection stages, suggesting a change in the dependence on different host-derived energy sources. HPE1 effector and salicylate hydroxylase were expressed, presumably to suppress host cell death and salicylic acid-dependent defenses during the infection. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .