bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructure analysis and mechanical properties of dissimilar AA6061-AA7075 laser brazing with prefixed ER5356 filler
Authors: Haneef M S , Aiman M H , Salleh M N M , Quazi M M , Ishak M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Laser brazing uses a filler metal for joining without melting the base material. This process is a versatile joining technique for a wide range of applications including automotive, aerospace, and medical field because of the ability in joining dissimilar metal and resulted good quality in surface’s joint. This study consists of aluminium alloy of AA6061 and AA7075 as a base material with aluminium based ER5356 as a wire filler. Laser brazing was performed using 1.2 kW of laser power, while wire filler was let to be prefixed without using the wire feeder because of using the existing laser welding machine. Microstructure of the joints were studied using 3D measuring laser microscope OLS5000. Besides that, mechanical properties of the joints were evaluated by performing tensile test and hardness test. Microstructures of the brazed joints show the differences in the grain structure followed by the difference’s hardness value on each region. The brazed joint shows the average ultimate tensile strength reached 154.71 MPa which was 50% of joint efficiency. However, there is porosities at the fracture surface of the joint.
Leak diagnosis of pipeline based on empirical mode decomposition and support vector machine
Authors: Faysal A , Adhreena M S N A , Vorathin E , Hafizi Z M , Ngui W K 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The pipeline is used as a medium of transportation in global gas and oil industries, providing the most efficient, convenient and transportation method for natural gas and oil from downstream to upstream production of the economical mode of the power station, refineries, and domestic needs. However, the pipeline leakages become a major concern as their failure may contribute to operational and economic loss as well as environmental pollution. This paper proposed a system to detect pipe fault at different locations. Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) was applied for feature extraction using energy and kurtosis. The one-against-one (OAO) and one-against-all (OAA) multiclass SVM with radial basis function (RBF), polynomial and sigmoid kernel functions were implemented in order to classify the multiple fault locations from the extracted features. RBF kernel function recorded the highest classification accuracy for both OAO and OAA approaches with 97.77% and 96.29%, respectively, followed by slightly reduced accuracy for sigmoid whereas significantly low accuracy for the polynomial kernel. The outputs were further analysed to justify the performance of the classifiers. From all the cases, it was observed that OAO-SVM with RBF kernel performed the best for pipe fault diagnosis.
Investigation of pipe materials and thermal conductivity of soil on the performance of ground heat exchanger operating under Malaysia climate
Authors: Aizzuddin A M , Yusof T M , Azmi W H 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In nature, renewable energy is inherently free and must be implemented. The use of air conditioning and refrigerants that affect global warming is a serious issue. In building applications, renewable energy from the geothermal source, namely ground heat exchanger (GHE), has great potential. The main concept of GHE is utilizing the ground as an infinite thermal reservoir for cooling and heating to the fluid medium. In the GHE system, the air is used as a fluid medium of work. Because of the temperature difference between the air and underground temperature, the air cools in summer and gets heated in winter. In this present work, a study has been conducted to investigate the effect of pipe materials and thermal conductivity of soil on the performance of the GHE. The study acknowledges that the pipe materials do not give a significant effect on the performance of the GHE. Therefore, the lower thermal conductivity of pipe materials with low cost can be used in GHE implementation. The study also revealed that the range of thermal conductivity of soil which gives good ground heat exchanger performance is between 1.5 to 5 W/m·K. Besides, the length of the pipe was reduced from 25 to 10 meters.
Nanoparticles synthesised from Caesalpinia spinosa: assessment of the antifungal effects in protective systems
Authors: Gámez-Espinosa Erasmo , Deyá Cecilia , Cabello Marta , Bellotti Natalia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Green chemistry is the preferred approach for the synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles due to its environmental friendliness, feasibility, and safety to human health when compared with other chemical or physical methods. Caesalpinia spinosa is a promising resource to be applied in the green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles due to the high amount of polyphenols. The aim of the present research was to obtain an antifungal coating functionalised with nanoparticles synthesised from C. spinosa tannin and aqueous solutions of metallic (silver and copper) salts to control biodeterioration of acrylic paints and bricks. Green synthesised NPs were characterised by UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The silver nanoparticles with average size of 12 nm and obtained from a 500 ppm aqueous solution of C. spinosa tannin inhibited the growth of Aspergillus niger, Penicillium commune and Lasiodiplodia theobromae. These strains were previously isolated from a biodeteriorated facade. Functionalised coating obtained with silver nanoparticles synthesised from C. spinosa tannin is reported for the first time as antifungal protective system of acrylic paints and bricks.
High harmonic generation driven by two-color relativistic circularly polarized laser pulses at various frequency ratios
Authors: XIE Duan , YIN Yan , YU Tongpu , ZHOU Hongyu , CHEN Ziyu , ZHUO Hongbin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
High harmonic generation (HHG) by two-color counter-rotating relativistic laser pulses with arbitrary frequency ratio is investigated through particle-in-cell simulations. It is shown that the dichromatic laser driver at various frequency ratios can effectively produce high-order harmonics with different spectral features. A general selection rule of this extended scheme can be obtained and the corresponding harmonic helicity can be identified through a simple analytical model based on a relativistic oscillating mirror. Thus, the results in this paper may offer new opportunities for arbitrary spectral control of generated harmonics, which is of significance for diverse potential applications in practice.
Hybrid coffee cultivars may enhance agroecosystem resilience to climate change
Authors: Pappo Emily , Wilson Chris , Flory S Luke 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change is predicted to cause shifts in temperature and precipitation patterns that will be detrimental for global agriculture. Developing comprehensive strategies for building climate resilient agroecosystems is critical for maintaining future crop production. Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) is highly sensitive to the quantity and timing of precipitation, so alterations in precipitation patterns that are predicted under climate change are likely to be a major challenge for maintaining coffee agroecosystems. We assessed cultivar selection as a potential component of more resilient coffee agroecosystems by evaluating water stress responses among five Arabica coffee cultivars (clonal hybrids H10 and H1 and seedling lines Catuai 44, Catuai, and Villa Sarchi) using a precipitation reduction experiment in the highlands of Tarrazú, Costa Rica. During the first harvest (eighteen months after planting), plants under the rainout treatment had 211 % greater total fruit weight and over 50 % greater biomass than under the control treatment, potentially due to protection from unusually high rainfall during this period of our experiment. At the second harvest (30 months after planting), after a year of more typical rainfall, plants under rainout still produced 66 % more fruit by weight than under control. The magnitude of the responses varied among cultivars where, at the first harvest, H10 and H1 had approximately 92 % and 81 % greater fruit production and 18 % and 22 % greater biomass, respectively, and at the second harvest H10 had 60 % more fruit production than the overall average. Thus, our findings suggest that the hybrid lines H10 and H1 are more resilient than the other cultivars to the stress of high soil moisture. Overall, our results indicate that stress due to higher than average rainfall could impair coffee plant growth and production, and that cultivar selection is likely to be an important tool for maintaining the viability of coffee production, and the resilience of global agroecosystems more generally, under climate change.
A novel route for aspartame production by combining enzymatic and chemical reactions for industrial use
Authors: Yokozeki Kenzo , Abe Isao 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Here, we report a novel industrial aspartame production route, involving the enzymatic production of α-l-aspartyl-l-phenylalanine β-methylester from l-aspartic acid dimethylester and l-phenylalanine by α-amino acid ester acyl transferase. The route also involves the chemical transformation of α-l-aspartyl-l-phenylalanine β-methylester to α-l-aspartyl-l-phenylalanine methylester hydrochloride (aspartame hydrochloride) in an aqueous solution with methanol and HCl, followed by HCl removal to form aspartame.
ESCO: single cell expression simulation incorporating gene co-expression
Authors: Tian Jinjin , Wang Jiebiao , Roeder Kathryn 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Gene-gene co-expression networks (GCN) are of biological interest for the useful information they provide for understanding gene-gene interactions. The advent of single cell RNA-sequencing allows us to examine more subtle gene co-expression occurring within a cell type. Many imputation and denoising methods have been developed to deal with the technical challenges observed in single cell data; meanwhile, several simulators have been developed for benchmarking and assessing these methods. Most of these simulators, however, either do not incorporate gene co-expression or generate co-expression in an inconvenient manner.

Results
Therefore, with the focus on gene co-expression, we propose a new simulator, ESCO, which adopts the idea of the copula to impose gene co-expression, while preserving the highlights of available simulators, which perform well for simulation of gene expression marginally. Using ESCO, we assess the performance of imputation methods on GCN recovery and find that imputation generally helps GCN recovery when the data are not too sparse, and the ensemble imputation method works best among leading methods. In contrast, imputation fails to help in the presence of an excessive fraction of zero counts, where simple data aggregating methods are a better choice. These findings are further verified with mouse and human brain cell data.

Availability and implementation
The ESCO implementation is available as R package ESCO. Users can either download the development version via github (https://github.com/JINJINT/ESCO) or the archived version via Zenodo (https://zenodo.org/record/4455890).

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
HIR V2: a human interactome resource for the biological interpretation of differentially expressed genes via gene set linkage analysis
Authors: Guo Wen-Ping , Ding Xiao-Bao , Jin Jie , Zhang Hai-bo , Yang Qiao-lei , Chen Peng-Cheng , Yao Heng , Ruan L i , Tao Yu-Tian , Chen Xin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
To facilitate biomedical studies of disease mechanisms, a high-quality interactome that connects functionally related genes is needed to help investigators formulate pathway hypotheses and to interpret the biological logic of a phenotype at the biological process level. Interactions in the updated version of the human interactome resource (HIR V2) were inferred from 36 mathematical characterizations of six types of data that suggest functional associations between genes. This update of the HIR consists of 88 069 pairs of genes (23.2% functional interactions of HIR V2 are in common with the previous version of HIR), representing functional associations that are of strengths similar to those between well-studied protein interactions. Among these functional interactions, 57% may represent protein interactions, which are expected to cover 32% of the true human protein interactome. The gene set linkage analysis (GSLA) tool is developed based on the high-quality HIR V2 to identify the potential functional impacts of the observed transcriptomic changes, helping to elucidate their biological significance and complementing the currently widely used enrichment-based gene set interpretation tools. A case study shows that the annotations reported by the HIR V2/GSLA system are more comprehensive and concise compared to those obtained by the widely used gene set annotation tools such as PANTHER and DAVID. The HIR V2 and GSLA are available at http://human.biomedtzc.cn.
Haemodynamic benefit of bridging use of bosentan prior to pulmonary endarterectomy
Authors: Kunihara Takashi , Wilkens Heinrike , Halank Michael , Held Matthias , Nomura Ryota , Igarashi Takashi , Sata Fumihiro , Schäfers Hans-Joachim 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Some patients present with excessive pulmonary hypertension (PH) prior to pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). This study was performed to evaluate the clinical role of pretreatment before PEA in CTEPH patients.

METHODS
A total of 370 patients with CTEPH undergoing first PEA between 2003 and 2017 were divided into those receiving pretreatment with bosentan (group B: n = 119) and those without targeted pretreatment for PH (group C: n = 251). After selecting patients given bosentan (2–8 months) and using propensity score matching, comparable patient cohorts (n = 23 each) were created from both groups. PEA was performed in the standard manner, and the median number of extracted segments was 14.

RESULTS
There were no significant differences in perioperative demographic characteristics or 30-day mortality (overall 5.7%) between the groups before and after matching. In patients with preoperative pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) ≥800 dynes s/cm5, a significantly larger decrease in PVR was found in group B (78%) compared to group C (68%) (P = 0.033). There was no significant difference in late survival between the groups after matching. The frequency of residual/persistent PH (mean pulmonary artery pressure &gt;25 mmHg) was lower in group B than in group C, although the difference was not significant (22% vs 39%, respectively, P = 0.200). Advanced age and longer cardiopulmonary bypass time were independent predictors of both 30-day mortality and residual/persistent PH (odds ratio: age, 1.053, 1.013, cardiopulmonary bypass time, 1.065, 1.010, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
Preoperative treatment of CTEPH patients with bosentan for 2–8 months can improve post-PEA PVR without adverse clinical events in patients with a high preoperative PVR. A temporary bridging regime appears beneficial in selected patients prior to PEA.
Twitter for professional use in electrophysiology: practical guide for #EPeeps
Authors: Linz Dominik , Garcia Rodrigue , Guerra Federico , Kommata Varvara , Bollmann Andreas , Duncker David 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Social media (SoMe) becomes more and more popular in the cardiological community. Among them, Twitter is an emerging and dynamic medium to connect, communicate and educate academic and clinical cardiologists. However, in contrast to traditional scientific communications, the content provided through SoMe is not peer-reviewed and may not necessarily always represent scientific evidence or may even be used to unjustifiably promote therapies for commercial purposes. For the unintended, this means of communication might be appear difficult to handle. This article aims to provide a practical guide on how to use Twitter efficiently for professional use to keep yourself up-to-date about new techniques, the latest study results and news presented at national or international conferences. Additionally, important limitations will be discussed.
Similar solutions to a common challenge: regulation of genes encoding Ralstonia solanacearum xanthine dehydrogenase
Authors: Sivapragasam Smitha , Ghosh Arpita , Kumar Sanjay , Johnson Danté T , Grove Anne 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
The stringent response involves accumulation of (p)ppGpp, and it ensures that survival is prioritized. Production of (p)ppGpp requires purine synthesis, and upregulation of an operon that encodes the purine salvage enzyme xanthine dehydrogenase (Xdh) has been observed during stringent response in some bacterial species, where direct binding of ppGpp to a TetR-family transcription factor is responsible for increased xdh gene expression. We show here that the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum has a regulatory system in which the LysR-family transcription factor XanR controls expression of the xan operon; this operon encodes Xdh as well as other enzymes involved in purine salvage, which favor accumulation of xanthine. XanR bound upstream of the xan operon, a binding that was attenuated on addition of either ppGpp or cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP). Using a reporter in which enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) is expressed under control of a modified xan promoter, XanR was shown to repress EGFP production. Our data suggest that R. solanacearum features a regulatory mechanism in which expression of genes encoding purine salvage enzymes is controlled by a transcription factor that belongs to a different protein family, yet performs similar regulatory functions.
Microbial analyses of blood spot surfaces collected from a laboratory and the bathroom of a female single-person household under different environmental conditions
Authors: You Hee Sang , Lee Song Hee , Lee Young Ju , Sung Ho Joong , Kang Hee-Gyoo , Hyun Sung Hee 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Many people spend most of their time indoors, thereby exposing themselves to indoor environmental microbial communities that might interact with the human microbiota. These potential interactions have only been considered for personal identification; however, accumulating evidence indicates that these microbial interactions are potentially implicated with the identification of human interactions and location-specific factors including time and seasonal variations in the microbial community. To augment the potential of metagenomics-based forensic tools, we compared the composition of microbial communities in blood spot surfaces from healthy adults placed in different environments, such as in the bathroom of a female single-person household and on a laboratory, which were sampled across seasons and time points. The laboratory samples showed more changes in the bacterial community over time owing to the higher number of individuals using the laboratory, whereas the microbial communities in the bathroom samples remained relatively stable over time. Moreover, the two locations could be distinguished according to their specific bacterial community compositions. Variations were also observed related to changes in temperature and humidity, allowing for prediction of season-based microbial community. These findings offer a new perspective regarding the use of microbial community analysis in forensic science.
Common genetic polymorphisms contribute to the association between chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and non-melanoma skin cancer
Authors: Besson Caroline , Moore Amy , Wu Wenting , Vajdic Claire M , de Sanjose Silvia , Camp Nicola J , Smedby Karin E , Shanafelt Tait D , Morton Lindsay M , Brewer Jerry D , Zablotska Lydia , Engels Eric A , Cerhan James R , Slager Susan L , Han Jiali , Berndt Sonja I ,   the InterLymph Consortium. Full authors list is given at the end of the manuscript
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological studies have demonstrated a positive association between chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). We hypothesized that shared genetic risk factors between CLL and NMSC could contribute to the association observed between these diseases.MethodsWe examined the association between (i) established NMSC susceptibility loci and CLL risk in a meta-analysis including 3100 CLL cases and 7667 controls and (ii) established CLL loci and NMSC risk in a study of 4242 basal cell carcinoma (BCC) cases, 825 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases and 12802 controls. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for CLL, BCC and SCC were constructed using established loci. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsHigher CLL-PRS was associated with increased BCC risk (OR4th-quartile-vs-1st-quartile = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.02–1.24, Ptrend = 0.009), even after removing the shared 6p25.3 locus. No association was observed with BCC-PRS and CLL risk (Ptrend = 0.68). These findings support a contributory role for CLL in BCC risk, but not for BCC in CLL risk. Increased CLL risk was observed with higher SCC-PRS (OR4th-quartile-vs-1st-quartile = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.08–1.38, Ptrend = 1.36 × 10–5), which was driven by shared genetic susceptibility at the 6p25.3 locus.ConclusionThese findings highlight the role of pleiotropy regarding the pathogenesis of CLL and NMSC and shows that a single pleiotropic locus, 6p25.3, drives the observed association between genetic susceptibility to SCC and increased CLL risk. The study also provides evidence that genetic susceptibility for CLL increases BCC risk.
Host apoplastic cysteine protease activity is suppressed during the mutualistic association ofLolium perenneandEpichloë festucae
Authors: Passarge Andrea , Demir Fatih , Green Kimberly , Depotter Jasper R L , Scott Barry , Huesgen Pitter F , Doehlemann Gunther , Misas Villamil Johana C 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPlants secrete various defence-related proteins into the apoplast, including proteases. Papain-like cysteine proteases (PLCPs) are central components of the plant immune system. To overcome plant immunity and successfully colonize their hosts, several plant pathogens secrete effector proteins inhibiting plant PLCPs. We hypothesized that not only pathogens, but also mutualistic microorganisms interfere with PLCP-meditated plant defences to maintain endophytic colonization with their hosts. Epichloë festucae forms mutualistic associations with cool season grasses and produces a range of secondary metabolites that protect the host against herbivores. In this study, we performed a genome-wide identification of Lolium perenne PLCPs, analysed their evolutionary relationship, and classified them into nine PLCP subfamilies. Using activity-based protein profiling, we identified four active PLCPs in the apoplast of L. perenne leaves that are inhibited during endophyte interactions. We characterized the L. perenne cystatin LpCys1 for its inhibitory capacity against ryegrass PLCPs. LpCys1 abundance is not altered during the mutualistic interaction and it mainly inhibits LpCP2. However, since the activity of other L. perenne PLCPs is not sensitive to LpCys1, we propose that additional inhibitors, likely of fungal origin, are involved in the suppression of apoplastic PLCPs during E. festucae infection.