bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical investigation of inter-linked parallel micro-channel heat sinks
Authors: Ansari Munib Qasim , Zhou Guobing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Parallel micro-channel heat sinks linked with a joint are investigated in this paper. Channels are analyzed for laminar flow (water) under constant heat flux. The considered channels with same hydraulic diameter (776 ) are investigated for two different dimensional variations of connecting link with parallel flow and the comparison of parallel and counter flow in the channels. It is found that the varying dimension of joining link has a little influence on the over-all thermal hydraulic performance. Performance index decreases in the cases of either increasing the height (J) or width (W) of the joint at higher Reynolds number (1000 and 1200). Convective heat transfer (Nu) marginally improves with the increasing J. Inter-linked micro-channels with counter flow has given improved convective heat transfer but with an increase in frictional factor. The Nu with counter flow is found almost 15% higher than that with parallel flow at Re = 1200. The design can be further explored based on present calculations for a positive addition of designing micro-channel heat sinks.
The Influence of Waste Tire Powder on the Properties of Waste Tire Powder/Polypropylene Plastic Composite
Authors: Ruey Ong Huei , Mohd Eqhwan Iskandar Wan , Ezzaty Masiren Emyra , Rahman Khan Md. Maksudur , Ramli Ridzuan , Mohamed Halim Rohaya , Khairul Anuar Mohamed Muhammad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The use of waste tire powder (WTP) as a polypropylene (PP) property enhancer in plastic composite has been prepared. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and mechanical testing have been used to measure the properties of PP/WTP. Sample morphology shows that there are no impurities in post-fracture images on both PP and PP/WTP. Apart from that, it can be seen that the surface of PP / WTP is slightly smooth. PP and PP/WTP are nearly similar in the FTIR spectrum. During tensile and flexural tests, the PP/WTP value drops as the WTP amount increases. For elongation break and impact testing, PP/WTP at 40% WTP exhibits highest strength value compare to other samples. In all cases, WTP with smallest range of size (250–500 µm) shows better mechanical performance compare to other sizes. PP/WTP plastic composite has a highly great potential to be used in most plastic manufacturing industry and sustain the green environment by taking the advantage of waste tire powder.
Improvement of Health Care System by Using Lean Tools: A Case Study
Authors: Hasan M , Sakib M N , Rafiquzzaman M , Uddin M J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Densely populated countries like Bangladesh are facing challenges in the health care system with overcrowding, cost containment, and inadequate arrangement of the health care center in terms of increasing demand from patients. Running health care systems all over the country both private and public are unable to satisfy patients because of miss management, waste of time, and the lack of service. To identify and reduce the problem in the health care system, lean management plays an important role all over the world. Value stream mapping (VSM) is one of the proven widely used Lean techniques, to identify the flow of work, information, and structure for reducing waste of time and service stress which helps to make a good relationship between administration and service holder. VSM is a very primary stage in the Bangladesh health care system. This research aims to improve the health care system in Bangladesh and the study focuses on applying VSM at the cardiology department in Khulna Medical College Hospital, Khulna, Bangladesh. A patient survey is done for comparison of numerical results to real-life data in the cardiology department of Khulna Medical College hospital. In this study it could be shown that after implementing the VSM technique, the patient capacity increased by 39%, Ideal time improve 9.62% as well as utilizing time increase by 38.46%. This result inspires large scale implementation of the lean tool in the health care sector of a country like Bangladesh.
Optimizing the MFlex monitoring system using Mahalanobis-Taguchi system
Authors: Saad S K M , Razali M H M , Abu M Y , Ramlie F , Harudin N , Muhamad W Z A W , Dolah R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Methadone Flexi Dispensing Service (MFlex) has been officially re-branded from Methadone 1Malaysia Service (M1M) since 2nd January 2019. Patients under MFlex are frequently taking their methadone according to a plan provided by pharmacist at public clinic. From the dose monitoring taken annually, pharmacists can predict critical patients based on high monthly dose increases. However, the current monitoring system is written documentation with total doses that cannot accurately measure addiction levels and slow down the distribution process to appropriate incentives as provided by the government. The main objective of this work is to develop a new data monitoring system by evaluating all factors contributed to the addiction level. Mahalanobis-Taguchi System (MTS) is a method of predicting and diagnosing system performance using multivariate data in order to make quantitative decisions with the construction of a multivariate measurement scale using an analytical method. The results show that the minimum Mahalanobis Distance (MD) for healthy data is 0.2245 while the maximum is 2.3380. The minimum and maximum MD of unhealthy data is 0.6077 and 24.5719 respectively. Thus, parameters of blood, bilirubin, nitrite, specific gravity, leukocytes are considered as significant parameters by considering positive value signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain. Graphical user interface (GUI) has been developed for analyzing the normal and abnormal patients in detail. Meanwhile, mobile application has been developed as a decision-making tool to classify that the patients is either normal or abnormal.
Static and dynamic mathematical modeling of an USM rack
Authors: Ghorbani Siamak , Veliz Aguayo Crisóstomo Alejandro , Aleksandrovich Rogov Vladimir , Pavlovna Kupriyanova Olga 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Ultrasonic machines (USM) are increasingly used in the technology of processing products made from composite and especially hard and brittle materials. The study of the static and dynamic of USM is essential. The high dynamic quality and precision of machine tools is largely determined by their rigidity. Rigidity determines the vibration resistance of the tool head, which affects the stability of the process and the accuracy of processing. In the present paper, dynamic and static model of the USM is used and a mathematical model of the USM has been developed, which makes it possible to identify parameters in computer experiments that increase the accuracy of hole processing by improving the dynamic quality of the structure using a material with high damping capability such as synthetic granite. As a result, the mathematical relationship between the parameters of stiffness and damping and the vibration amplitude of the working tool is developed, which allows to assess constructive solutions in terms of achieving minimize frequency oscillations of the working tool. It was found that, using synthetic granite decreased the maximum value of the amplitude of the rack oscillations from 77 μm to 13 μm.
An overview of the spark plug engine profile in a spark ignition engine
Authors: Azrin A A , Yusri I M , Sudhakar K , Mohd Nor C W , Zainal A , Majeed A P P A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The main concern regarding on the spark plug usage is their ignition efficiency and lifetime capabilities. This article reviews on the spark plug engine profile in a spark ignition. An intelligent practical approach needs to be developed to be the indicator to know when the spark plug should be changed. Due to its promising effect on the spark ignition engine, the study of spark plugs profile is increasing day by day. For safety, mechanical vibration of a vehicle is a very important phenomenon. Moreover, it specifically affects passenger comfort in some applications. Due to the effects on vehicle structure components and passenger comfort as well as safety, the mechanical vibration through the spark ignition engine has acquired great significance. However, there are many problems in researching existing running engines with a spark ignition system, such as slower ignition, increased cyclic variance and possible misfire. The higher spark energy will improve the ignitibility, but due to electrode corrosion, the life of the spark plug will decrease, and electrodes serve as a sink of thermal energy that will affect the spark plug’s health. For instance, the conditions such as the spark plug gap, the plug thickness and the carbon dissipated on the spark plug that influences the output of a spark ignition, are highlighted in this article.
Preparation and Microstructural Characterization of Five-layered Aluminium-Aluminium Oxide Functionally Graded Material
Authors: Marzuki Maziyana , Mazni Ismail Noor , Ihsan Abdul Latiff Muhammad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this research, the metallic phase Aluminium (Al) and the ceramic phase Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3) were combined in different proportions for the preparation of five-layered Al-Al2O3 functionally graded material. Delamination or crack is the common problem at the metal-ceramic interface because of the large difference in material properties. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to investigate the defects within the layer during processing of the graded structure. The compositions of different weight percentages of five-layered structure are 100%Al+0%Al2O3, 95%Al+5%Al2O3, 90%Al+10%Al2O3, 85%Al+15%Al2O3 and 80%Al+20%Al2O3. During preparation of the graded composite structure, conventional two-step sintering cycle was followed. Heating rate 2°C/min, sintering temperature 630°C and sintering time 3 hours were maintained. It was observed that there was uniform distribution of Al2O3 ceramic particle in the Al matrix with the minimum of agglomeration, all interfaces were almost parallel with layers boundary and gradual transition occurred from first layer to fifth layer which confirmed the proper preparation processes of the five-layered graded composite structure. In addition, it was evident that there was no existence of crack within any layer or interface of the prepared composite structure.
Development of xylanase as detergent additive to improve laundry application
Authors: Md Moid M , Idris N , Othman R , Wahid D A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The development of kitchen waste from UNISEL’s cafeteria as a substrate in the production of xylanase is an alternative way of converting waste to wealth. The production of xylanase as a detergent or detergent additive capable of removing plant stains compared to limited detergent applications that are unable to remove plant stains. Aspergillus niger was used in this study to degrade hemicellulose in kitchen waste and to secrete xylanase by solid state fermentation (SSF). Optimization of SSF parameters including substrate moisture content, inoculum size and incubation temperature were determined to optimize xylanase production. The finding of maximum activity of xylanase was identified at 80% of the moisture content, 8.0 mL of inoculum size and 30°C of the incubation temperature. The efficacy of xylanase (from optimized SSF parameters) as a plant stain remover is significantly effective compared to the commercial detergent used in this research. However, the mixture of detergent and xylanase can cause the chemical content of the detergent to interfere with the action of the enzyme and its efficacy in the removal of plant stains is less effective. It is also easier to use xylanase with water due to it is capable of producing excellent performance. This study demonstrated the high efficiency of the washing process using xylanase from kitchen waste and can be suggested for the laundry industry.
Oil palm frond juice and coconut water as alternative fermentation substrate for bacterial cellulose production
Authors: Sharifah Fathiyah S M , Shahril M , Junaidi Z 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) has emerged as an alternative and sustainable biomaterial due to its remarkable structural and mechanical properties, which can be used in various applications. BC is a form of biopolymer which far superior to its plants equivalent because of its high purity, high strength construction material, good mechanical strength, elasticity and high crystallinity. The research aims to produce BC using biological process synthesis of A. xylinum in oil palm frond juice (OPFJ) based medium. Oil palm frond (OPF) is Malaysia’s largest biomass produced from the oil palm plantation industry in Malaysia and contain fermentable sugar required to grow BC, glucose, sucrose and fructose. The experiment was conducted under optimum temperature 30 °C in static culture condition which were applied with different ratio of medium (Coconut water, OPFJ and distilled water). Our findings revealed that highest BC yield (4.50 g/L) was obtained in the mixture medium of OPFJ: Coconut water (60:40). FTIR analysis confirmed the pellicles as cellulosic material. FE-SEM analysis showed the ribbon network consisting of nanosize fibrils with diameter ranging from 50 to 60 nm. Overall, the work demonstrated the potential of producing high value-added polymer from OPFJ-based medium.
Influence of Cutting Parameter and Multi-Objective Optimization on Turning Titanium Alloy
Authors: Saedon J B , Othman M F , Meon M S , Mohamad Nor N. H. , Husain H. , Shawal S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Turning is one of the conventional material removal processes and it is essential in today’s manufacturing industry. Nowadays, titanium alloys are favorable and widely used material due to its superior material properties. However, despite having superior material properties, titanium alloys are hard to machine and will result in shortened tool life. Hence it is important to determine the suitable turning parameter to prolong tool life with best surface roughness. This work focused on investigating the influence of machining parameters in machining titanium alloy under dry cutting condition. The influence of three machining parameters namely feeds rate, cutting speed and depth of cut are investigated using a full factorial design. Surface roughness and tool wear were the responses variables. Analysis of variance was utilized in the analysis to determine their contribution ratio and interaction on each response. The experimental results showed that the feed rate was identified as the most influential factor on surface roughness and tool wear at 54% and 33% contribution ratio respectively. Further multi-response objective optimization was adopted through the desirability function analysis method. For the titanium turning operation, the minimal surface roughness and tool wear were significantly obtained through the specified machining parameters at cutting speed of 44 m/min, feed rate of 0.05 mm/rev and depth of cut of 0.5 mm. The results showed that the single objective response successfully converted into multi-objective optimization through the desirability function analysis method.
Evaluation of different turbulence models in simulating the subsonic flow through a turbine blade cascade
Authors: Mesbah Mohsen , Georgievich Gribin Vladimir , Souri Kambiz 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Numerical simulations of the 2D turbulent flow of a viscous compressible gas through a turbine cascade were carried out. The main objective of this work is to evaluate the capability of different turbulence models in predicting the aerodynamic characteristics of a steady flow. Four turbulence models were considered; Spalart-Allmaras, realizable k-epsilon, k-omega SST, and SST transition model. The numerical results of the profile loss coefficient were compared with the available experimental data. The profile loss coefficient calculated using the SST transition model showed the most accurate agreement with the experimental data.
Dielectric Study of Gel Polymer Electrolyte Based on PVA-K2CO3-SiO2
Authors: Abdulkadir B A , Dennis J O , Abd. Shukur M F Bin , Nasef M M E , Usman F , Adam A A , Adamu U A 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, effect of filler (SiO2) on dielectric and electrical properties of gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) based on PVA-K2CO3has been investigated and reported. The electrolyte were prepared by incorporating silica particle as a filler into the un-plasticized electrolyte (PVA-K2CO3). The prepared electrolyte were characterized physicochemically (FTIR) and electrochemically based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Based on the impedance spectroscopy, complex permittivity (ε*) (dielectric constant and loss) and complex electrical modulus (M*) (real and imaginary modulus) were calculated. Characterization result indicate that SiO2particles has successfully interacts with PVA-K2CO3in the form of a three dimensional polymeric network. At low frequencies, high values of complex permittivity (dielectric constant and dielectric loss) were observed, which increased with increasing temperature, signifying an increase in ionic conductivity of the electrolyte. With the incorporation of filler, the peaks of both ε* and M* shifts towards higher frequency side suggesting the speed up the relaxation time. From the electrical modulus, the developed electrolyte is shown to be highly capacitive in nature. Based on the peak shape of the imaginary part of electric modulus, the non-Debye type relaxation predicted. Analysis of both dielectric permittivity and electrical modulus suggest that ionic and polymer segmental motions are strongly coupled. An optimum ionic conductivity of 3.25 × 104mScm1was achieved at ambient temperature at a composition of 15 wt.% SiO2(PKS15).
Performance of Ni/Al2O3-MgO catalyst for Dry Reforming of Methane: Effect of preparation routes
Authors: Yusuf Mohammad , Salaam Farooqi Ahmad , Azad Alam Mohammad , Kok Keong Lau , Hellgardt Klaus , Abdullah Bawadi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Nickel based nano-catalysts, supported on bimetallic oxide support (i.e. Ni/Al2O3-MgO) were prepared by the co-precipitation (one step, Catalyst-A) and co-precipitation followed by impregnation (two steps, Catalyst-B) techniques separately. The catalysts were then tested for the dry reforming of methane (DRM) reaction. The effect of catalyst synthesis technique on their performance has been analysed. The Ni/Al2O3-MgO nano-catalyst prepared by co-precipitation followed by impregnation method (two steps) technique was found to be superior to the one synthesized by co-precipitation (one step) method. The elevated CO2 and CH4 conversions and stable H2/CO ratio have been observed throughout the DRM reaction at atmospheric pressure (i.e., 1atm), 800°C for Catalyst-B. Catalyst-B was better in terms of activity, conversion to syngas, stability, and reduced coke formation comparatively.
Comparison of volatile compounds and antibacterial activity of Citrus aurantifolia, Citrus latifolia, and Citrus hystrix shell essential oils by pilot extraction
Authors: Tran T K N , Ngo T C Q , Tran T H , Bach L G , Tran T T , Huynh X P 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Citrus peel essential oil has considerable potential to be used as a direct agent against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The three citrus peel species used in this study included Citrus aurantifolia, Citrus latifolia, and Citrus hystrix. Essential oils were extracted on a pilot model and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subilits, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Samonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were used to counteract the antibacterial effects of the samples. The yield of hydrodistillation distilled essential oil is C aurantifolia (1.15%), C latifolia (1.32%), and C hystrix (3.18%). The essential oil contains the main ingredient D-Limonene. The highest antibacterial activity against L. monocytogenes is Citrus latifolia essential oil. The main chemical composition of essential oils are β-pinene, D-limonene, γ-terpinene, terpinolene, α-terpineol, … and the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil is affected by the variation of D-limonene. and β-pinene in essential oils.
Effect of Time and Temperature on the Extraction of Cordyceps militaris in Pilot Scale
Authors: Ngoc Quy Nguyen , Tri Nhut Pham , Thi Yen Nhi Tran , Minh Tien Nguyen , Dinh Chung Duong , Thanh Le Van , Thi Minh Phuong Than 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Cordyceps militaris is a valuable medicinal mushroom that has been interested in research by scientists around the world, which has high value in promoting health, immunoregulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cancer prevention. Following our previous research, the extraction process in pilot scales was built on the results of the project Nguyen Tat Thanh University “Research and propose the process of extracting extracts from Cordyceps militaris in Kon Tum province”, which was deployed and accepted in 2020. After evaluating the quality characteristics of raw powder materials, the condition of concentration and preservation of Cordyceps militaris extract was conducted. To achieve the required moisture (<20%), it was necessary to concentrate Cordyceps militaris extract at three standards: 60°C, 70°C and 80°C in 150 minutes, 120 minutes and 105 minutes, respectively. Considering the three standards, it was found that the cordycepin content at 80°C was statistically significantly lower than the remaining two temperature landmarks. Concentrate the extract at 70°C for 120 minutes to obtain a concentrated extract with cordycepin content of 2938.97 ± 94.66 (µg / g DW) with the moisture content of 8.78 ± 1.95 (%).
Analysis of CO2 Emissions from Industrial Parks: A Case Study in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Authors: LVan T , Ho V T T , Thanh H D T , Thong N T , Huynh Q , Nguyen Q L B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Every day industrial production emissions accounts for a significant share of overall greenhouse gas emissions, in particular carbon dioxide (CO2). The issue of CO2 emissions management has always been of particular interest in the context of the industrialization process and urbanization taking place more and more complex. Ho Chi Minh is a large city in Vietnam, where many industrial parks (IPs) and export processing zones (EPZs) are located. In Vietnam, there are not many assessments of CO2 emissions from industrial processes with unrealistically and seriously surveyed data. This paper aims to evaluate and estimate CO2 emissions of the industrial and export processing zones based on the fuel consumption and power consumption surveyed in industrial / processing zones in order that proposing the long-term solutions for low-carbon metropolis. The results show that the CO2 emissions of 13 HCMC IPs / EPZs in the atmosphere is 227214.1869 tons CO2/year. This is the annual CO2 emissions calculated from the emissions of facilities in Ho Chi Minh industrial / export processing zones. Tan Phu Trung industrial park had the highest emissions (133010.7499 tons CO2/year) and Linh Trung 2 export processing zones is the lowest with 1745.817984 tons CO2/year. Evaluating and calculating the CO2 emissions of individual sources makes it possible for experts to adopt appropriate and effective policies to reduce national emissions and easily reach the goal of building a low carbon city.