bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WHO public health research agenda for managing infodemics
Authors: Mahajan A , Czerniak C , Lamichhane J , Phuong L , Purnat T , Nguyen T , Briand S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Following the World Health Organization's initial infodemic consultation in April 2020, a major infodemic conference was organised virtually in June-July 2020. Hundreds of experts participated to define science of infodemiology and build a public health research agenda that serves as a playbook for conducting relevant researches. Research Agenda provides guidance to invest in research and innovation so that we have better interventions and tools to understand, measure and respond to infodemics, and steer people towards timely, accessible, understandable information for good health choices.

Methods
The research agenda was developed during a virtual meeting, followed by research question prioritization exercise. It consisted of eight days spread out over four weeks. These were made up of: public preconference meeting; scientific conference, consisting of opening/closing plenary meetings either side of four separate “topic sprint” days; final public meeting to present the meeting outcomes.
After the meeting, a process took place to gather and rank research questions based on the research agenda created during the meeting.

Results
The following five streams and 65 research questions were developed. Measuring and monitoring the impact of infodemics during health emergencies Detecting and understanding the spread and impact of infodemics Responding and deploying interventions that protect against the infodemic and mitigate its harmful effects Evaluating infodemic interventions and strengthening resilience of individuals and communities to infodemics Promoting the development, adaptation and application of tools for managing infodemics.

Conclusions
Five streams with 65 research questions were developed and prioritized to structuralise infodemic management based on evidence. The conference yielded on the development of an infodemiology glossary, which can be used by the community of research.

Key messages
Discuss investments in research and innovation to enable a whole-of-society response to infodemics. Explain the practice of infodemic management as a discipline.
COVID-HL: A cross-sectional study on digital health literacy in university students in Germany
Authors: Dadazcynski K , Rathmann K , Messer M , Okan O 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Digital communication technologies are playing an important role in the health communication strategies of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The internet and social media have become important sources of health-related information on COVID-19 and digital health literacy is a key competence to navigate web-based COVID-19 information. This study aimed to investigate university students' digital health literacy during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany.

Methods
A cross-sectional study among 14,916 university students from 130 universities in Germany was conducted using a web-based survey. Along with sociodemographics, the measures included five subscales from the Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI), which was adapted to the specific context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses.

Results
Across DHL dimensions, the greatest difficulty was assessing the reliability of information and to determine whether it had commercial interest. Students indicated that they have problems finding the information they are looking for. Females achieved significant lower scores for information searching and evaluating reliability. Search engines, news portals, and websites of public bodies were most often used by the respondents to inform about COVID-19. Females were found to use social media and health portals more frequently, while male students used Wikipedia as well as YouTube more often. Social media use was associated with a low ability to critically evaluate information.

Conclusions
Although digital health literacy is well developed in university students, a significant proportion of students still face difficulties with certain abilities to evaluate information. There is a need to strengthen the digital health literacy capacities of university students using tailored interventions. Improving the quality of health-related information on the internet is also key.
Using the vignette methodology to measure access
Authors: Van Ginneken E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
A vignette is a short description of a person or situation designed to simulate key features of a real- world scenario. Usually this vignette is then presented to relevant professionals to solicit their hypothetical response or behaviour. In medical literature, vignettes are mostly used to study clinical judgments, compare hospital prices, self-assess health or examine how age, sex, socioeconomic or insurance status affects chosen treatment.

Methods
We aimed to develop a method to utilize case vignettes to gain a better understanding of health access challenges. To this end, we studied available access indicators and frameworks and vignette applications as well as possible ways to include internationally recommended care plans to increase comparability of results across countries.

Results
We developed a five-step approach consisting of (1) selection of vignettes, (2) drafting of vignettes and a questionnaire based on available access framework and best practice guidelines for treatment, (3) expert validation, (4) application of vignette in country context, and (5) systematic analysis of country feedback. Four detailed pilots were carried out for dental care, stroke, depression and palliative care, in up to 12 European countries.

Conclusions
The vignette approach has the potential to identify gaps in coverage and access as well as differences in treatment and quality. Four detailed pilots have provided valuable insights in the challenges and limitations of the method that can be addressed in future applications. These include suggestions to improve user friendliness, scope, expert selection and complementing the survey with more specific and quantitative questions.
The effect of nutrients on telomere length of fetal DNA: findings from the Mamma & Bambino cohort
Authors: Magnano San Lio R , Barchitta M , Maugeri A , La Rosa MC , Caruso M , Giunta G , Panella M , Cianci A , Agodi A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
In the first 1,000 days of life, from conception to two years of age, a variety of exposures could shape children's health. Identifying what maternal factors early affect biological aging in children represents a major public health mission. The present study aims to assess the relationship between maternal intake of nutrients in early pregnancy and telomere length of cell-free circulating fetal DNA (cffDNA) from amniotic fluid.

Methods
We used data and samples from the ongoing prospective “Mamma & Bambino” study, which recruits mother-child pairs from Catania (Italy) at the first prenatal visit. Maternal nutrient intakes were assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire referred to one-month prior the recruitment. Relative telomere length of cffDNA was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, among those women who underwent amniocentesis.

Results
The study included 174 mother-child pairs (mean maternal age = 35.7 years) recruited from 4th to 20th gestational week. The intakes of iron, vitamin B1, and magnesium were positively correlated with relative telomere length (p-values based on Spearman's test = 0.05). However, only the intake of magnesium was positively associated with relative telomere length (β = 0.002; SE = 0.001; p = 0.024), after applying a linear regression model which included maternal age, smoking, pregestational body mass index, and total energy intake. Magnesium deficiency was negatively associated with relative telomere length after adjusting for the same covariates (β = -0.467; SE = 0.176; p = 0.009).

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of a relationship between maternal nutrient intake and telomere length of cffDNA. The positive effect observed for magnesium is consistent with previous studies conducted in other settings. However, further efforts are needed to translate the transgenerational effect of maternal behaviors to effective public health strategies.

Key messages
It is crucial to understand the early effect of maternal diet on biological aging in children. The intake of magnesium positively modulates telomere length, a promising marker of aging before birth.
1.P. Workshop: European Public Mental Health Responses to COVID-19
Authors:   Organised by: EUPHA-PMH,   Chair persons: Jutta Lindert (EUPHA-PMH), Shari McDaid (UK)
Published: October 2021

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an increase in multiple known risk factors for mental health problems globally. As such, evidence-based, intersectoral public mental health responses to reduce and mitigate the pandemic-related consequences are critical. However, studies exploring variations in public mental health responses to the pandemic from across Europe are limited. In order to shape and inform future public mental health responses to the crisis, there would be great value in knowing how mental health support systems have adapted to date. To fill the gap in knowledge of Public Mental Health responses, we organized this workshop in three parts: First, Naomi Wilson will give an overview on Public Mental Health service responses in the European region, second Shari McDaid will provide insights on the structure of Public Mental Health in Scotland and third Frank Wieber will give an overview on structures of Public Mental Health responses in Switzerland.

Key messages
Evidence-based, intersectoral public mental health responses to reduce and mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic-related consequences are critical given the increased risk factors for mental health problems. The workshop will provide an overview how mental health support systems in Europe have adapted to date.
Public engagement in the management of the COVID-19 pandemic: Views & expectations of the publics
Authors: Kemper S , Kupper JFH , Kangne Kamga LS , Brabers AEM , De Jong JD , Bongers MEJ , Timen A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
During an epidemic, like COVID-19, trade-offs have to be made between measures to reduce mortality and morbidity and associated social, economic and political consequences. Traditionally, epidemic management (EM) has been guided by experts and policymakers, and is executed most attentively. It can however still be controversial in the public sphere. The question arises if public engagement (PE) could be a means to improve the quality and effectiveness of EM, as it has proven to be for other domains of healthcare policy.

Methods
From June to October 2020, seven Deliberative Discussion Focus Groups were executed with 35 Dutch citizens between 19 and 84 years old, to discuss their views on PE in COVID-19 management. Timeline Interviews were conducted to elucidate meaningful experiences during the epidemic. Next, benefits, barriers, timing and possible forms of PE in EM were discussed.

Results
Almost all participants supported PE in EM, as the integration of experiences and ideas of the public would benefit the quality of EM, and PE would increase awareness and acceptance of measures. Also, participants emphasized the importance of receiving information on the process of EM, to overcome the perceived lack of transparency herein. Consultation was seen as a fitting form for PE since the public could share ideas and feedback on EM, particularly on communication campaigns and control measures, however final authority stayed with experts. PE could be executed after the first acute phase of the epidemic, but also during evaluations. Moreover, barriers for PE were identified such as time constraints and the lack of knowledge of the public.

Conclusions
A foundation of values and conditions for PE in EM from the perspective of the public was laid. Support for PE was identified and considered valuable for quality and effectiveness of EM. Next, the results should be confirmed within a broader audience and the views of experts and policymakers on PE in EM should be elucidated.

Key messages
According to participants, public engagement can increase quality and effectiveness of outbreak management, by sharing knowledge, experiences and ideas between the public, experts and policymakers. The focus groups in this study were executed whilst the COVID-19 pandemic unfolded, which yielded very relevant outcomes of current interest.
How to promote experiential knowledge in public health: a new training for French practitioners
Authors: Georgelin B , Porcherie M , Soudier B , Le Grand E , Gaspard S , Ferron C , Berdougo F , Rush E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
In France, Health Promotion (HP) practitioners lack tools to document and share how their interventions work. To bridge this gap, a national committee of HP practitioners, policymakers and researchers designed a new method to Capitalize, i.e. collect, analyse and share through summaries, Experiential Knowledge (EK) in HP (CEKHP). A training program was created in 2020 to disseminate CEKHP process and tools.

Objectives
After undertaking CEKHP training, participants shall be able to design and promote their own CEKHP projects. Each training session (30 hours in total) alternates short theoretical courses, workshops and the completion of a capitalization in real professional situation. Expert members of the committee designed the training following a skills-based approach. They sequentially identified: targeted occupations, competencies, how to assess them, then designed the curriculum. Two core competencies are built up: 1/ valuing EKHP, through advocacy and project design; 2/ guiding with CEKHP the collection of EK on HP interventions and its circulation. The training covers 11 competencies of the WHO-ASPHER Competency Framework. In 2021, 2 sessions were organised to test its relevance in an adult learning situation (group of 12 professionals) and in a master's degree program (group of 9 students).

Results
The learning-by-doing method was fruitful: all participants, in both settings, completed their capitalization. A few trainees chose to document interventions or organisational adaptations linked with the Covid-19 crisis, for which EK is especially valuable. They also reported added benefits: self-reinforcement, rare in-depth exchanges with fellow HP practitioners, etc.

Conclusions
A training strategy combining adult learning and student teaching can be effective to disseminate CEKHP. All trainees are now invited to join a community of practice, which will provide them with additional tools and network resources, through a national EKHP resource center.

Key messages
A training program focused on building up experiential knowledge capacities is a lever for disseminating experiential knowledge in France, among both current and future health promotion practitioners. The real-life case study, i.e. the completion under supervision of the capitalization of a health promotion intervention, is an essential component of the new experiential knowledge training program.
Survey of risk factors in coronary heart disease: novel recruitment strategy and preliminary results
Authors: Marza Florensa A , Vaartjes I , Klipstein-Grobusch K , Zhao M , Cooney MT , Graham I , Grobbee D 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
SURF CHD (Survey of Risk Factors in Coronary Heart Disease) is a clinical audit on secondary prevention among CHD patients aiming to simplify recording and assessment of risk factors and medication. The second wave of the study (SURF CHD II) uses a novel recruitment strategy that provides a wider and more representative picture of CHD secondary prevention.

Methods
The survey is conducted during outpatient visits and collects data on demographics, risk factor history and measurements, and medications. The novel recruitment strategy is based on the network of European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC). National Cardiovascular disease Prevention Coordinators (NCPC) appointed by the EAPC were invited; national cardiac societies (NCS) were invited in countries without NCPCs; and interested clinicians may also participate. SURF researchers discussed tailor-made approaches to implement the audit with national representatives.

Results
48 NCPCs, 11 NCS and 9 individual contacts were invited. 95 centres in 31 countries are participating and have enrolled 6966 participants in 5 regions: 109 in Eastern Mediterranean, 5170 in Europe, 108 in Americas, 1563 in South East Asia and 16 in Western Pacific. 24.4% of participants were female and mean age was 63.8±18 years. 75.3% of the study population had BMI≥25kg/m2 and 20.0% were smokers. Blood pressure &lt;140/90mmHg was recorded in 61.8% of participants, 26.4% had LDL &lt;1.8 mmol/l and 40,1% had HbA1c&lt;7%. South East Asia recorded the lowest prevalence of BMI≥25kg/m2 and LDL levels. Lowest use of statins was recorded in Europe and of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in Americas.

Conclusions
The novel recruitment strategy proved to be practicable. Preliminary results indicate regional variations in risk factors and secondary prevention. SURF will continue to collaborate with NCPCs and NCS to achieve a broader insight on CHD secondary prevention with a simplified tool.

Key messages
Cardiovascular risk factor prevalence in coronary patients is high and presents regional variations. SURF is a simplified clinical auditing tool useful to assess risk factor recording and management. Centre enrolment for the study based on the network of a renowned association of cardiology is practicable and helps to provide a wide picture of secondary prevention of coronary heart disease.
Substance use behaviours and the UK furlough scheme: evidence from eight longitudinal population surveys
Authors: Green M , Di Gessa G , Maddock J , Parsons S , Wielgoszewska B , Stevenson AJ , Griffith GJ , Booth C , Croft J , Ploubidis GB 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Disruptions to economic activity such as job loss can impact substance use behaviours. During the COVID-19 pandemic many countries implemented a furlough scheme to prevent job loss. We examine how furlough was associated with respondents' substance use behaviours in the initial stages of the pandemic in the UK. Data were from over 27,000 participants in eight adult longitudinal surveys. Participants self-reported economic activity (furlough or job loss vs stable employment) and smoking (any current), vaping (any current) and drinking alcohol (&gt;4 days/week or 5+ drinks per typical occasion) both before and during the initial stages of the pandemic. Changes in frequency/quantity of substance use were also examined. Risk ratios were estimated within each study using modified Poisson regression, adjusting for a range of potential confounders, including pre-pandemic behaviour (though this was excluded in analyses of behaviour change). Findings were synthesised using a random effects meta-analysis. Compared to stable employment, participation in the furlough scheme was associated with smoking (risk ratio: 1.24 [95% CI: 1.08-1.42]; I2=0%) while job loss was associated with vaping (1.72 [1.10-2.71]; I2=25%) and heavier drinking (1.21 [1.02-1.43]; I2=2%), but these associations were largely accounted for by confounders (adjusted risk ratios: smoking: 1.06 [0.96-1.16]; I2=8%; vaping: 1.55 [0.93-2.56]; I2=42%; and drinking: 1.03 [0.89-1.20]; I2=35%). Furlough was associated with drinking more than before the pandemic (adjusted risk ratio: 1.15 [1.00-1.33]; I2=70%), and with increases in vaping behaviour (1.54 [1.14-2.07]; I2=0%). Increased drinking associated with furlough is concerning, while increased vaping likely represents moves to reduce smoking and may be positive.
Generic health literacy of adolescents in Germany: Results of a nationwide cross-sectional survey
Authors: Jordan S , Domanska OM , Loer AK 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
For developing effective interventions to promote health literacy in adolescence, differentiated data on the distribution of health literacy levels is required, but still lacking for this age group in many countries. The study aims to measure the distribution of generic health literacy (GHL) among adolescents addressing cognitive, behavioural, communicative and motivational dimensions of GHL.

Methods
We conducted a representative nationwide cross-sectional online survey among 14-17-year-olds living in Germany (n = 1,235). Data on GHL were collected from 09.2019-12.2019 using the “Measurement of Health Literacy Among Adolescents”-Questionnaire (MOHLAA-Q). It was specially developed for this age-group and consists of a total of 29 items in four subscales: A: “Difficulties in Dealing with Health-Related Information”, B: “Health-Related Communication Skills”, C: “Attitudes toward One's Own Health & Health Information” and D: “Health-Related Knowledge”. We also collected data on socio-demographic factors. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were carried out.

Results
About half of the 14-17-year-olds reported many (8.4%) or some difficulties (42.2%) in dealing with health information. We observed low communication-related skills in 28.1% of adolescents. Regarding the attitude towards their own health and health information, 56.8% of respondents had a rather “partly passive/partly active” attitude and 8.8% had a “passive” attitude. 22.7% of the adolescents had a low level of health-related knowledge. All socio-demographic factors apart from age showed significant differences in each of the scales: by family affluence in all scales, by gender and by educational level in 3 scales and by migration background in 1 scale.

Conclusions
The results indicate a need for promoting GHL among adolescents. The differences in the four scales suggest that all dimensions of GHL should be addressed, but also considering socio-demographic factors at the same time.