bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of 2nd Wave of COVID-19 Related Lockdown on Coastal Water Quality at Diu, Western Coast of India and Role of Total Alkalinity on Bacterial Loads
Authors: Panja Atanu Kumar , Vasavdutta Sonpal , Sahoo Tarini Prasad , Shinde Ambika Hemant , Thorat Ravikumar Bhagawan , Chatterjee Shruti , Ray Sanak , Madhava Anil Kumar , Haldar Soumya 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A detailed coastal water monitoring near Diu coast, western part of India was performed from October, 2020 to May, 2021 covering the 2nd lockdown time. Average monthly fluctuation from 7 different sampling stations of total 9 physico-chemical parameters such as pH, salinity, turbidity, nitrite (NO2), nitrate (NO3), ammonia (NH3), phosphate (PO4), total alkalinity and silicate were recorded. Initially, Mann-Kendall trend test for all the 9 parameters showed non-zero trend, which may be either linear or non-linear. During 2nd lockdown period, there was a fluctuation of value for parameters like pH, salinity, nitrate, nitrite and phosphate. Average total bacterial count and differential bacterial count also gradually decreased from March, 2021 sampling. Principal component analysis (PCA) plot covering all the physico-chemical parameters as well as the differential bacterial count showed a distinct cluster of all bacterial count with total alkalinity value. Subsequently, mathematical equation was formulated between total alkalinity value and all differential bacterial count. Upto our knowledge this is the first report where mathematical equation was formulated to obtain value of different bacterial load based on the derived total alkalinity value of the coastal water samples near Diu, India.
Periodic Sea-Level Oscillation in Tokyo Bay Detected with the Tokyo-Bay Seafloor Hyper-Kilometric Submarine Deep Detector (TS-HKMSDD)
Authors: Tanaka Hiroyuki K. M. , Aichi Masaatsu , Balogh Szabolcs József , Bozza Cristiano , Coniglione Rosa , Gluyas Jon , Hayashi Naoto , Holma Marko , Joutsenvaara Jari , Kamoshida Osamu , Kato Yasuhiro , Kin Tadahiro , Kuusiniemi Pasi , Leone Giovanni , Presti Domenico Lo , Matsushima Jun , Miyamoto Hideaki , Mori Hirohisa , Nomura Yukihiro , Okamoto Naoya , Oláh László , Steigerwald Sara , Shimazoe Kenji , Sumiya Kenji , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Thompson Lee F. , Tokunaga Tomochika , Yokota Yusuke , Paling Sean , Varga Dezső 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Meteorological-tsunami-like (or meteotsunami-like) periodic oscillation was muographically detected with the Tokyo-Bay Seafloor Hyper-Kilometric Submarine Deep Detector (TS-HKMSDD) deployed in the underwater highway called the Trans-Tokyo Bay Expressway or Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line (TBAL). It was detected right after the arrival of the 2021 Typhoon-16 that passed through the region 400 km south of the bay. The measured oscillation period and decay time were respectively 3 hours and 10 hours. These measurements were found to be consistent with previous tide gauge measurements. Meteotsunamis are known to take place in bays and lakes, and the temporal and spatial characteristics of meteotsunamis are similar to seismic tsunamis. However, their generation and propagation mechanisms are not well understood. The current result indicates that a combination of muography and trans-bay or trans-lake underwater tunnels will offer an additional tool to measure meteotsunamis at locations where tide gauges are unavailable.
Carcass Traits, Meat Characteristics, and Economic Viability of Grazing Nellore Cattle Produced Under Different Supplementation Strategies in the Tropics
Authors: Ramos Jenifer Maira Lima , Vargas Julián Andrés Castillo , Diniz Evellyn Aryane Lopes , Lacerda Natália Gomes , Mezzomo Rafael , Alves Kaliandra Souza , Oliveira Luis Rennan Sampaio , de Loureiro João Paulo Borges , Silva Poliana Ramos da , Gomes Daiany Iris 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study explored the effects of different supplementation strategies in the dry and rainy seasons in the tropics on the carcass traits, meat quality, and economic viability of Nellore cattle produced under grazing conditions. For this purpose, twenty-eight non-castrated male animals (18 months) with an initial body weight of 327.93 ± 4.22 kg were used. The animals were equitably distributed in a randomized complete design thorough four supplementation strategies as follows: i) mineral supplementation (MS) in both dry and rainy seasons (MS/MS), ii) MS in the dry season and concentrate supplementation (CS) in the rainy season (MS/CS), iii) CS in the dry season and MS in the rainy season (CS/MS), and iv) CS in both dry and rainy seasons (CS/CS). Thereafter, carcass traits, primary carcass cut yields, meat quality traits, chemical composition of meat, and economic viability of cattle production across different supplementation strategies were determined. Data revealed that animals under CS/CS showed the greatest (P < 0.01) hot carcass weights among the other supplementation strategies evaluated. Conversely, supplementation strategy did not affect (P > 0.05) carcass traits (the ribeye area, final pH, and forequarter), meat quality traits (shear force, myofibrillar fragment index, sarcomere length, and color), and meat chemical composition (crude protein, fat, and moisture) of the animals. The effective operational cost, total cost, gross revenue, and profit of animals under CS/CS showed the greatest values, whereas the lowest ones were obtained for the animals under MS/MS. In conclusion, data suggest that concentrate supplementation during at least one season (dry or rainy) produces similar meat quality traits and chemical composition of meat, but different hot carcass weight, backfat thickness and hindquarter proportion to those observed when animals were supplemented with concentrate in both seasons. Additionally, CS/CS animals, despite having a higher total cost, have greater profitability when raised in tropical pasture.
Azithromycin as Macrolide of Choice in Patients with Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes in Expectant Management: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Castilhos Fernanda Oliveira , Müller Gabriel Cardozo , Vettorazzi Janete , Vettori Daniela Vanessa , Costa Maria Carolina Bittencourt , Sbaraini Mariana , Scherer Mariana Ongaratto , Valério Edimárlei Gonsales 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Preterm premature rupture of amniotic membranes (PPROM) is responsible for about 30% of premature births, being associated with great neonatal morbidity and mortality. The use of antibiotics in expectant management seems to increase the latency period between PPROM and birth, as well as improving maternal and neonatal outcomes. However, short and long term benefits, and the ideal antibiotics regimen remains controversial. Objective: This study seeks to demonstrate that the use of antibiotics, with azithromycin as macrolide of choice, in expectant management reduces the birth rate in the first 48 hours after PPROM, increasing the latency period between PPROM and birth. Methods: Observational, retrospective cohort study in pregnant women with PPROM treated conservatively at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), from January 2012 to December 2019. For the group that used antibiotics, the scheme was Azithromycin and Ampicillin for 48 hours, followed by Amoxicillin for 5 days, completing 7 days of treatment. Qualitative data was analyzed by Fisher exact test, and time to event analysis using Kaplan Meier estimator were used to evaluate latency to birth and Cox regression to estimate Hazard Rate. Results: 145 participants, of which 107 did not use antibiotics (group 1) and 38 used antibiotics (group 2). The 48-hour birth rate was significantly lower in the antibiotics group (33.6% in group 1 vs. 16% in group 2, p=0.04). The birth rate on patients presenting outcomes before 15 days presented a significant reduction (HR 0.6 [95% ICI 0.39 - 0.92]), as well median time to birth as seen in Kaplan Meier estimator by log-rank test. Conclusion: The use of this antibiotics regimen, with azithromicyn as macrolide of choice, reduced the birth rate in the first 48 hours, with potential clinical benefits due to the increase in the pharmacological window for corticosteroid action, among others, and increased median time to birth in first 15 days between PPROM and birth.
Garcinia Camobogia Extract Alters Anxiety, Sociability, and Dopamine Turnover in Male Swiss Albino Mice
Authors: Ibrahim Michael K. , Aboelsaad Marina , Tony Fatma , Sayed Moustafa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Obesity is a global concern, closely allied with somatic and psychosomatic disorders. Herbal drugs are available in modern medicine to treat obesity. Garcinia camobogia being used by so many people trying to lose weight produces various systemic side effects. The study was conducted to assess its effect on anxiety, sociability, and dopamine turnover in male mice. Methodology: Male Swiss albino mice of either were divided into three groups with seven mice in each group. Different groups were given distilled water (0.5ml p.o.) and Garcinia cambogia extract at two different doses (100mg/kg and 500 mg/kg p.o.). Effect of test drugs on anxiety was evaluated using open field test. Sociability and social novelty were evaluated using three chambers test. Results (mean ± standard deviation) were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey’s test. Result: Garcinia cambogia extract significantly increased the time spent in the corners in the open field test, significantly reduced sociability and social novelty in the three chamber test, significantly reduced dopamine turnover and increased D2 receptor expression in ventral tegmental area. Conclusion: Garcinia cambogia extract have significant anxiogenic effect along with reduced sociability and social novelty in male mice. Moreover, these effects could be related to the altered dopamine turnover and D2 receptor expression in mice brain.
Rice, Carbon Dioxide, Climate Change, And Feeding The Future
Authors: Huang Yu-Kai , Piriyathanasak Phatchaya , Attavanich Witsanu , Fei Chengcheng J. , Han Doo Bong , Jithitikulchai Theepakorn , McCarl Bruce A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between rice yields, climate change, and carbon dioxide (CO2). We integrate gridded climate data in the growing seasons and Asian rice yield data reported by the Food and Agriculture Organization with free air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experimental data. Using those data, we estimate prediction models of rice yields that evolve over time and decompose effects of climate, CO2, and technological progress. The results show that atmospheric CO2 has significantly increased rice yields, with the contribution accounting for 29% to 33% of the observed yield growth. The results also reveal that increases in temperature decrease rice yields in parts of Asia, implying that both CO2 mitigation and climate change are yield growth depressing factors. The finding suggests a potential need for more agricultural research and development investment to offset CO2 mitigation and climate change effects.
Information-Seeking Under Threat: How the Characteristics of Web Searches Changed During the Pandemic
Authors: Kelly Christopher , Blain Bastien , Sharot Tali 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To adjust to novel and threatening environments people seek information. Here, we examine whether and how a threatening global event -–the pandemic– altered the characteristics of the information people sought out online. An analysis of queries submitted to Google search engine revealed that people were more likely to submit queries for information that could guide action (i.e., “How to” and “How do” searches) during the pandemic relative to before, controlling for total search volume. This tendency may have contributed to the rapid adaptation observed in response to the pandemic. Indeed, stress levels reported weekly by 17K individuals predicted the proportion of “How to” and “How do” searches, controlling for COVID-19 related confinement. Markedly, population stress levels were more strongly associated with this high-level feature of web searches than they were with searches for specific terms such as “anxiety” or “stress”. In contrast, COVID-19 related confinement, but not stress levels, was associated with the proportion of “What” and “Why” questions submitted to Google, suggesting that the confinement was related to increased desire for general knowledge. Key results were replicated across two countries (UK and US). The study suggests that in situations of high stress people ask questions that can guide action. An intriguing possibility is that tracking of this feature could be used to monitor population stress levels beyond the pandemic.
The Impact of Financial Development On The Clean Energy Transition In MENA Region: The Role of Institutional And Political Factors.
Authors: Saadaoui Haifa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study focuses on the role of institutional factors as well as financial development in renewable energy transition in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region over the period 1990-2018 using the ARDL PMG method. The investigation of long-run and short-run analysis confirms that institutional and political factors play a key role in promoting the transition to renewable energy, and shows that improving these factors can lead to decarbonization of the energy sector in the long run. Another important finding is that global financial development does not have a significant effect on the transition process in the long run, implying that the whole financial system needs a fundamental structural change to accelerate the substitution between polluting and clean energies. However, in the short term, the impact appears to be negative and significant, highlighting the inadequacy of financial institutions and financial markets in promoting the region’s sustainable path. Moreover, income drives the transition to renewable energy in both short and long term. The causality results show that both financial development and institutional quality lead to renewable energy transition, while there is a bidirectional link between income and renewable energy.This study can provide a very useful recommendation to promote a clean transition in the MENA region.
Revision for Cage Migration After Transforaminal/Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion; How to Perform Revision Surgery?
Authors: Tanaka Masato , Wei Zhang , Kanamaru Akihiro , Masuda Shin , Uotani Koji , Oda Yoshiaki , Fujiwara Yoshihiro , Arataki Shinya , Yamauchi Taro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSymptomatic pseudarthrosis and cage migration/protrusion are difficult complications of transforaminal or posterior lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF/PLIF). If the patient experiences severe radicular symptoms due to cage protrusion, removal of the migrated cage is necessary. However, this procedure is sometimes very challenging because epidural adhesions and fibrous union can be present between the cage and vertebrae. We describe a novel classification and technique utilizing a navigated osteotome and the oblique lumbar interbody fusion at L5/S1 (OLIF51) technique to address this problem.MethodsThis retrospective study investigated consecutive patients with degenerative lumbar diseases who underwent TLIF/PLIF. Symptomatic cage migration was evaluated by direct examination, radiography, and/or computed tomography (CT) at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months of follow-up. Cage migration/protrusion was defined as symptomatic cage protrusion >5 mm from the posterior border of the over and underlying vertebral body compared with initial CT. We evaluated patient characteristics including body mass index, smoking history, fusion level, and cage type. A total of 113 patients underwent PLIF/TLIF (PLIF n=30, TLIF n=83), with a mean age of 71.1 years (range, 28–87 years). Mean duration of follow-up was 25 months (range, 12-47 months). ResultsCage migration was identified in 5 of 113 patients (4.4%). All cases of symptomatic cage migration involved the L5/S1 level and the TLIF procedure. Risk factors for cage protrusion were age (younger), sex (male), and level (L5/S1). The mean duration to onset of cage protrusion was 3.2 months (range, 2–6 months). We applied a new classification for cage protrusion: type 1, only low back pain without new radicular symptoms; type 2, low back pain with minor radicular symptoms; or type 3, cauda equina syndrome and/or severe radicular symptoms. According to our classification, one patient was in type 1, three patients were in type 2, and one patient was in type 3. For all cases of cage migration, revision surgery was performed using a navigated high-speed burr and osteotome, and the patient in group 1 underwent additional PLIF without removal of the protruding cage. Three revision surgeries (group 2) involved removal of the protruding cage and PLIF, and one revision surgery (group 3) involved anterior removal of the cage and OLIF51 fusion.ConclusionsThe navigated high-speed burr, navigated osteotome, and OLIF51 technique appear very useful for removing a cage with fibrous union from the disc in patients with pseudarthrosis. This new technique makes revision surgery after cage migration much safer, and more effective. This technique also reduces the need for fluoroscopy.
Association of Depressive Symptoms with Cancer Risk in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Sheng Chao , Liu Luyang , Song Fengju , Dai Hongji , Chen Kexin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Aims. Although, the association between depression and cancer has already been very well studied, but studies about depressive symptoms and cancer development are scarce and inconclusive among Chinese adults. We aimed to investigate whether the severity of depressive symptoms is associated with total and site-specific cancer risk in a nationally representative sample of middle-aged and older Chinese adults. Methods. This study was based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), which was initiated in 2011 and followed up to 2018. We included 11,974 individuals aged 45 years or older with complete information about depressive symptoms and no history of cancer at baseline. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the validated 10-item of Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Incident cancer cases were documented in the biennial self-reported questionnaires. The multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results. Of 11,794 individuals included in the analysis, 51.72% were women. After a median follow-up of 7.0 years, 265 incident cancer cases were identified. Overall, there was a significant positive association between CES-D score and cancer risk (HR 1.02, 95%CI 1.00-1.05, P=0.03). Severe depressive symptoms were associated with a 75% increased cancer risk (HR 1.75, 95%CI 1.10-2.78). Such associations were evident among women rather than men. In the cancer-specific analysis, the association of severe depressive symptoms and cancer risk was more pronounced for female hormone-related cancers (HR 5.58; 95% CI 2.70-11.54). Conclusions. The findings imply that individuals with severe depressive symptoms could be considered as high-risk population in cancer screening programs.
Multi-Step Crystallization and Chemical Evolution of Sodium Yttrium Fluoride
Authors: Pauzauskie Peter , Bard Alexander , Felsted R. Greg , Ganas Abbie , Pant Anupum , Gupta Chaman , Chen Ying , Nakouzi Elias , Jin Biao , Washton Nancy , De Yoreo James , Chun Jaehun , Brush Lucien 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Two-step crystallization mechanisms based on spinodal decomposition followed by nucleation are commonly observed both in the laboratory and in nature. While this pathway may require chemical reactions, subsequent nucleation and growth are often considered as separate, discrete events from the reaction itself. Recent work has also shown a distinct intermediate step involving the formation of an amorphous aggregate. Here we report a novel four-step mechanism in the aqueous synthesis of sodium yttrium fluoride involving 1) the segregation of aqueous ions into a dense liquid phase, 2) the formation of an amorphous aggregate, 3) nucleation of a cubic YF3 phase, and 4) subsequent solid-state diffusion of sodium and fluoride ions to form a final NaYF4 phase. The final step involves a continuous, gradual change of the solid phase’s chemical stoichiometry from YF3 toward NaYF4. Unlike previously studied nucleation and growth mechanisms, the stoichiometry of the final solid phase evolves throughout the crystallization process rather than being determined at nucleation. This novel four-step mechanism provides a new perspective into the nucleation and growth of many other crystalline materials given the ubiquity of nonstoichiometric compounds in nature.
Cloning and Functional Analysis of Expansin TaEXPA9 Homologs in Winter Wheat in Frigid Regions
Authors: Zhao Ziyi , Hu Baozhong , Feng Xu , li Fenglan , He Fumeng , Wu Jiawen , Xu Chongjing , li Li , Xu Yongqing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundLow temperature is an important factor that influences the ability of winter wheat to safely overwinter. Excessive low temperatures restrict the regrowth of winter wheat, thus decreasing agricultural output. Non-enzymatic expansins, which are related to plant growth, have been reported to respond to drought, salinity, and low temperature stress. We obtained an expansin gene, TaEXPA9, that is induced by low temperature from a transcriptome analysis of ‘Dongnong winter wheat no. 2’—a winter wheat with high cold hardiness—but the expression pattern and function of this gene were unknown. We therefore analyzed the expression patterns of TaEXPA9-A/B/D in D2 in response to different abiotic stresses and exogenous phytohormone treatments in different organs. The entire length of TaEXPA9-A/B/D was obtained, and green fluorescent labeling was used for subcellular localization analysis of TaEXPA9-A/B/D on onion epidermis. The 35S::TaEXPA9-A/B/D expression vector was constructed, and an overexpression transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana line was obtained to examine the effects of the homologs of this expansin on plant growth and low temperature stress resistance. ResultsThe results showed that TaEXPA9-A/B/D transcription significantly increased at 4°C low temperature stress, its expression level was higher in the roots, and TaEXPA9-A/B/D was localized to the cell wall. The roots were well-developed in the overexpression A. thaliana, and the growth-related markers and setting rate were better than in the wild-type. Recovery was stronger in the overexpression plants after frost stress. At 4°C low temperature stress, the antioxidant enzyme activity and osmoregulatory substance content in the TaEXPA9-A/B/D-overexpressing A. thaliana plants were significantly higher than in the wild-type plants, and the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation was lower. ConclusionsIn summary, TaEXPA9-A/B/D participates in the low-temperature stress response and may increase the scavenging of reactive oxygen species caused by low temperature stress through the protective enzyme system. Additionally, TaEXPA9-A/B/D can increase the levels of small molecular organic substances to resist osmotic stress caused by low temperature.