bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applications of deep-learning approaches in horticultural research: a review
Authors: Yang Biyun , Xu Yong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDeep learning is known as a promising multifunctional tool for processing images and other big data. By assimilating large amounts of heterogeneous data, deep-learning technology provides reliable prediction results for complex and uncertain phenomena. Recently, it has been increasingly used by horticultural researchers to make sense of the large datasets produced during planting and postharvest processes. In this paper, we provided a brief introduction to deep-learning approaches and reviewed 71 recent research works in which deep-learning technologies were applied in the horticultural domain for variety recognition, yield estimation, quality detection, stress phenotyping detection, growth monitoring, and other tasks. We described in detail the application scenarios reported in the relevant literature, along with the applied models and frameworks, the used data, and the overall performance results. Finally, we discussed the current challenges and future trends of deep learning in horticultural research. The aim of this review is to assist researchers and provide guidance for them to fully understand the strengths and possible weaknesses when applying deep learning in horticultural sectors. We also hope that this review will encourage researchers to explore some significant examples of deep learning in horticultural science and will promote the advancement of intelligent horticulture.
The practical utility of genetic screening in school settings
Authors: Shero J. , van Dijk W. , Edwards A. , Schatschneider C. , Solari E. J. , Hart S. A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCan genetic screening be used to personalize education for students? Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) screen an individual’s DNA for specific variations in their genome, and how said variations relate to specific traits. The variations can then be assigned a corresponding weight and summed to produce polygenic scores (PGS) for given traits. Though first developed for disease risk, PGS is now used to predict educational achievement. Using a novel simulation method, this paper examines if PGS could advance screening in schools, a goal of personalized education. Results show limited potential benefits for using PGS to personalize education for individual students. However, further analysis shows PGS can be effectively used alongside progress monitoring measures to screen for learning disability risk. Altogether, PGS is not useful in personalizing education for every child but has potential utility when used simultaneously with additional screening tools to help determine which children may struggle academically.
An infrared energy harvester based on radar cross-section reduction of chiral metasurfaces through phase cancellation approach
Authors: Amin Muhammad , Siddiqui Omar , Almoneef Thamer S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractConventional metasurface absorbers rely on high dissipation losses by incorporating lossy materials. In this paper, we propose a novel mechanism of absorption based on phase cancellation of polarization states of scattered fields emerging from adjacent L-shaped chiral meta-atoms (unit cells). A linearly polarized wave forms helicoidal currents in each meta-atom leading to diagonally polarized radiated waves. When phase cancellation is employed by reorienting four such meta-atoms in a supercell configuration, contra-directed chiral currents flow in adjacent cells to cancel all the radiated fields in far-field region leading to a minimal broadside radar cross-section. From the reciprocity, the currents that are induced in the meta-atoms produce a null towards the incident direction which can be utilized for infrared energy harvesting. Full wave electromagnetic simulation indicates near perfect resonant absorption around 52.2 THz frequency. Enhanced bandwidth is shown by adding smaller resonators inside the supercell in nested form leading to dual band absorption at 45.2 THz and 53.15 THz.
3-Dimensional ventricular electrical activation pattern assessed from a novel high-frequency electrocardiographic imaging technique: principles and clinical importance
Authors: Jurak Pavel , Bear Laura R. , Nguyên Uyên Châu , Viscor Ivo , Andrla Petr , Plesinger Filip , Halamek Josef , Vondra Vlastimil , Abell Emma , Cluitmans Matthijs J. M. , Dubois Rémi , Curila Karol , Leinveber Pavel , Prinzen Frits W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe study introduces and validates a novel high-frequency (100–400 Hz bandwidth, 2 kHz sampling frequency) electrocardiographic imaging (HFECGI) technique that measures intramural ventricular electrical activation. Ex-vivo experiments and clinical measurements were employed. Ex-vivo, two pig hearts were suspended in a human-torso shaped tank using surface tank electrodes, epicardial electrode sock, and plunge electrodes. We compared conventional epicardial electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI) with intramural activation by HFECGI and verified with sock and plunge electrodes. Clinical importance of HFECGI measurements was performed on 14 patients with variable conduction abnormalities. From 3 × 4 needle and 108 sock electrodes, 256 torso or 184 body surface electrodes records, transmural activation times, sock epicardial activation times, ECGI-derived activation times, and high-frequency activation times were computed. The ex-vivo transmural measurements showed that HFECGI measures intramural electrical activation, and ECGI-HFECGI activation times differences indicate endo-to-epi or epi-to-endo conduction direction. HFECGI-derived volumetric dyssynchrony was significantly lower than epicardial ECGI dyssynchrony. HFECGI dyssynchrony was able to distinguish between intraventricular conduction disturbance and bundle branch block patients.
Influence of elemental sulfur on cadmium bioavailability, microbial community in paddy soil and Cd accumulation in rice plants
Authors: Sun Lijuan , Song Ke , Shi Lizheng , Duan Dechao , Zhang Hong , Sun Yafei , Qin Qin , Xue Yong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCadmium (Cd) is highly toxic to living organisms and the contamination of Cd in paddy soil in China has received much attention. In the present study, by conducting pot experiment, the influence of S fertilizer (S0) on rice growth, iron plaque formation, Cd accumulation in rice plants and bacterial community in rice rhizosphere soil was investigated. The biomass of rice plants was significantly increased by S0 addition (19.5–73.6%). The addition of S0 increased the formation of iron plaque by 24.3–45.8%, meanwhile the amount of Cd sequestered on iron plaque increased. In soil treated with 5 mg/kg Cd, addition of 0.2 g/kg S0 decreased the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) extractable Cd by 60.0%. The application of S0 significantly decreased the concentration of Cd in rice grain by 12.1% (0.1 g/kg) and 36.6% (0.2 g/kg) respectively. The addition of S0 significantly increased the ratio of Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes in rice rhizosphere soil. Meanwhile, the ratio of Planctomycetes and Chloroflexi decreased. The results indicated that promoting Fe- and S-reducing and residue decomposition bacterial in the rhizosphere by S0 may be one biological reason for reducing Cd risk in the soil-rice system.
Variability of the response of human vaginal Lactobacillus crispatus to 17β-estradiol
Authors: Clabaut Maximilien , Boukerb Amine M. , Mlouka Amine Ben , Suet Amandine , Tahrioui Ali , Verdon Julien , Barreau Magalie , Maillot Olivier , Le Tirant Agathe , Karsybayeva Madina , Kremser Coralie , Redziniak Gérard , Duclairoir-Poc Cécile , Pichon Chantal , Hardouin Julie , Cosette Pascal , Chevalier Sylvie , Feuilloley Marc G. J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe previously showed that the physiological concentration of 17β-estradiol in the vaginal environment is sufficient to affect the membrane dynamics and adhesion phenotype of the Lactobacillus crispatus strain CIP104459. However, L. crispatus is a heterogeneous species. Here, we investigated the effect of 17β-estradiol on the recently isolated L. crispatus vaginal strain V4, related to a cluster distant from CIP104459 and at the limit of being a different subspecies. Grown in the same medium, the two strains expressed a highly similar pool of proteins. However, in contrast to CIP104459, L. crispatus V4 showed high aggregation potential and 17β-estradiol promoted this phenotype. This effect was associated with large changes in cell-surface polarity and Lewis acid/base properties. In addition, we observed no effect on the membrane dynamics, contrary to CIP104459. These results can be explained by differences in the properties and organization of the S layer between the two strains. However, as for CIP104459, 17β-estradiol increased biosurfactant production of L. crispatus V4 and their adhesion to vaginal cells. This suggests that 17β-estradiol agonists would be valuable tools to favor a stable re-implantation of L. crispatus in the vaginal mucosa.
Predictive value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and red cell distribution width on death for ST segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Lin Guoli , Dai Caizhi , Xu Kaizu , Wu Meifang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere are many clinical scoring criteria for predicting the risk of death in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), but most of the indicators are complex to calculate and are not suitable for use in primary hospitals. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and red cell distribution width (RDW) are blood routine indicators that are easy to obtain and may help primary hospitals to evaluate the risk of death in patients with STEMI. Our aim was to explore the predictive value of NLR combined with RDW in the long-term prognosis of patients with STEMI after emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A total of 181 patients with STEMI who underwent emergency PCI in the Affiliated Hospital of Pu-tian University from January 2017 to August 2018 were selected. Clinical profile, prognosis of all patients were collected. P value < 0.05 was considered significant. In all patients, cardiovascular death during the follow-up period was defined as cardiovascular death group, and surviving during the follow-up period was defined as survival group. There were no significant differences in demography and comorbidities between the two groups. The differences between the two groups in NLR, RDW, C-reactive protein, N-terminal-pro B type natriuretic peptide were statistically significant (P < 0.01). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that NLR (OR = 1.122, 95% CI 1.041 ~ 1.210, P = 0.003) and RDW (OR = 1.288, 95% CI 1.126 ~ 1.472, P = 0.0005) were important predictors of mortality in patients with STEMI (P < 0.05). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that as the NLR increased, the risk of death increased (P < 0.001). In conclusion, NLR and RDW are independent predictors of cardiovascular death in patients with STEMI, and they have a certain predictive value.
Multi-annual prediction of drought and heat stress to support decision making in the wheat sector
Authors: Solaraju-Murali Balakrishnan , Gonzalez-Reviriego Nube , Caron Louis-Philippe , Ceglar Andrej , Toreti Andrea , Zampieri Matteo , Bretonnière Pierre-Antoine , Samsó Cabré Margarita , Doblas-Reyes Francisco J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDrought and heat stress affect global wheat production and food security. Since these climate hazards are expected to increase in frequency and intensity due to anthropogenic climate change, there is a growing need for effective planning and adaptive actions at all timescales relevant to the stakeholders and users in this sector. This work aims at assessing the forecast quality in predicting the evolution of drought and heat stress by using user-relevant agro-climatic indices such as Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and Heat Magnitude Day Index (HMDI) on a multi-annual timescale, as this time horizon coincides with the long-term strategic planning of stakeholders in the wheat sector. We present the probabilistic skill and reliability of initialized decadal forecast to predict these indices for the months preceding the wheat harvest on a global spatial scale. The results reveal the usefulness of the study in a climate services context while showing that decadal climate forecasts are skillful and reliable over several wheat harvesting regions.
Undergraduate Student Success Initiatives in Communication Sciences and Disorders
Authors: Matthews Jairus-Joaquin , Perryman Twyla , Kneiss Dena 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
Undergraduate students are faced with an extremely competitive application process when applying for graduate studies in communication sciences and disorders (CSD). This clinical focus article describes initiatives created by faculty within a CSD program at a medium-sized public university, with the goals of helping undergraduate students engage in high-impact practices and increase their competitiveness when applying for graduate school.

Conclusions
This clinical focus article describes a framework for four initiatives geared toward undergraduate student success in CSD, as follows: (a) self-actualization, (b) leadership development, (c) increased student–faculty interaction, and (d) collaboration. To achieve the goals of these initiatives, an undergraduate orientation, a peer-mentoring program, faculty-led research opportunities, and leadership development were implemented. After the implementation of the framework, we observed that the number of students entering the graduate program at the University of West Georgia and in other institutions increased over the past 3 years.
Flow‐based intrusion detection algorithm for supervisory control and data acquisition systems: A real‐time approach
Authors: Teixeira Marcio Andrey , Zolanvari Maede , Khan Khaled M. , Jain Raj , Meskin Nader 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntrusion detection in supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems is integral because of the critical roles of these systems in industries. However, available approaches in the literature lack representative flow‐based datasets and reliable real‐time adaption and evaluation. A publicly available labelled dataset to support flow‐based intrusion detection research specific to SCADA systems is presented. Cyberattacks were carried out against our SCADA system test bed to generate this flow‐based dataset. Moreover, a flow‐based intrusion detection system (IDS) is developed for SCADA systems using a deep learning algorithm. We used the dataset to develop this IDS model for real‐time operations of SCADA systems to detect attacks momentarily after they happen. The results show empirical proof of the model’s adequacy when deployed online to detect cyberattacks in real time.
Integral backstepping improvement versus classical and multiscalar backstepping controllers for water IM‐pump fed by backstepping MPPT PV source based on solar measurements in a tropical insular region
Authors: Mehazzem Fateh , Reama Abdellatif , Charles Paul , Soubdhan Ted 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe work presented here deals with a comparison between integral, classical and multiscalar backstepping controllers applied for a PV water pumping system. The solar pumping system is controlled in its first part by a backstepping maximum power point tracking approach in order to extract a maximum power from solar panels. The second part, composed mainly by induction motor–pump is controlled by backstepping structures. The integral backstepping control structure gives interesting features in terms of stability using recursive Lyapunov design, increases robustness despite parameters variation, and provides good tracking and optimization performance. In order to validate the study with a real solar data, a measured irradiance profile is used to fed the PV system, based on solar measurements in tropical insular context. The measurements are collected at Sonapi site located in Haiti country. The fast variability of the tropical irradiance profile will allow to test the robustness of the used control algorithms and determine their limits. Simulation of the proposed solution is validated under Matlab/Simulink. Results demonstrate clearly that integral backstepping provides the best solution with a good tracking, and optimization performance: fast dynamic response and stable static power output, even when weather conditions (irradiation) are rapidly changing.
An adaptive real‐time energy management system for a renewable energy‐based microgrid
Authors: Zeinal‐Kheiri Sevda , Mohammadpour Shotorbani Amin , Khardenavis Amaiya , Mohammadi‐Ivatloo Behnam , Sadiq Rehan , Hewage Kasun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes an adaptive real‐time energy scheduling method (RT‐EMS) for a microgrid, using a Lyapunov optimization‐based real‐time approach. Inaccuracy in day‐ahead predictions can result in non‐optimal solutions to the energy scheduling problem. Although the real‐time optimization method eliminates the need to deal with the prediction uncertainties, it ignores the valuable statistical information used in day‐ahead stochastic approaches and provides suboptimal solutions to the problem. The proposed adaptive approach combines the advantages of both the stochastic day‐ahead and the RT‐EMS and reduces the real‐time operational cost of the microgrid. The proposed method moves the RT‐EMS solution towards the optimal solution, by adding a penalty term to the objective function. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the improved performance of the proposed adaptive method.
Catalog-free modeling of galaxy types in deep images
Authors: Livet F. , Charnock T. , Le Borgne D. , de Lapparent V. 
Published: June 2021

Context.Current models of galaxy evolution are constrained by the analysis of catalogs containing the flux and size of galaxies extracted from multiband deep fields. However, these catalogs contain inevitable observational and extraction-related biases that can be highly correlated. In practice, taking all of these effects simultaneously into account is difficult, and therefore the derived models are inevitably biased as well.Aims.To address this issue, we use robust likelihood-free methods to infer luminosity function parameters, which is made possible by the massive compression of multiband images using artificial neural networks. This technique makes the use of catalogs unnecessary when observed and simulated multiband deep fields are compared and model parameters are constrained. Because of the efficient data compression, the method is not affected by the required binning of the observables inherent to the use of catalogs.Methods.A forward-modeling approach generates galaxies of multiple types depending on luminosity function parameters rendered on photometric multiband deep fields that include instrumental and observational characteristics. The simulated and the observed images present the same selection effects and can therefore be properly compared. We trained a fully convolutional neural network to extract the most model-parameter-sensitive summary statistics out of these realistic simulations, shrinking the dimensionality of the summary space to the number of parameters in the model. Finally, using the trained network to compress both observed and simulated deep fields, the model parameter values were constrained through population Monte Carlo likelihood-free inference.Results.Using synthetic photometric multiband deep fields similar to previously reported CFHTLS and WIRDS D1/D2 deep fields and massively compressing them through the convolutional neural network, we demonstrate the robustness, accuracy, and consistency of this new catalog-free inference method. We are able to constrain the parameters of luminosity functions of different types of galaxies, and our results are fully compatible with the classic catalog-extraction approaches.
Bestrahlung zellulärer Blutprodukte – Änderungen in den neuen Querschnitts-Leitlinien
Authors: Ziemann Malte 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDie transfusionsassoziierte Graft-versus-Host-Erkrankung (ta-GvHD) ist eine seltene, aber lebensbedrohliche Nebenwirkung der Transfusion zellulärer Blutprodukte, die durch restliche Lymphozyten des Blutspenders hervorgerufen wird. Risikofaktoren für eine ta-GvHD sind eine geschwächte T-zelluläre Abwehr des Patienten, eine hohe Zahl residueller Lymphozyten im Blutprodukt und eine einseitige HLA-Inkompatibilität zwischen Spender und Empfänger. Durch eine Bestrahlung zellulärer Blutkomponenten mit mindestens 25 Gray lässt sich eine ta-GvHD sicher verhindern. In der gerade erschienenen 5. Auflage der Querschnitts-Leitlinien der Bundesärztekammer zur Therapie mit Blutkomponenten und Plasmaderivaten wurden einige Indikationen zur Bestrahlung gelockert, da Erfahrungen aus Großbritannien zeigen, dass hier auch nach Transfusion unbestrahlter Blutprodukte kein Risiko für eine ta-GvHD besteht. So stellen lymphatische Neoplasien nicht mehr generell eine Bestrahlungsindikation dar,
sondern nur, wenn ein Hodgkin-Lymphom oder ein schwerer T-Zell-Defekt vorliegt oder wenn bestimmte Therapien durchgeführt werden bzw. wurden (z. B. Gabe von Purinanaloga). Zu anderen Indikationen finden sich in den revidierten Querschnitts-Leitlinien erstmals Empfehlungen zur Verwendung bestrahlter Blutkomponenten: Dies betrifft z. B. hämatoonkologische Patienten unter Therapie mit ATG oder Alemtuzumab. Der Artikel fasst den aktuellen Erkenntnisstand zur ta-GvHD kurz zusammen und erläutert die Änderungen der revidierten Querschnitts-Leitlinien.
Fetale und neonatale Alloimmunthrombozytopenie, Teil 1
Authors: Sachs Ulrich J. , Bedei Ivonne , Wienzek-Lischka Sandra , Cooper Nina , Ehrhardt Harald , Axt-Fliedner Roland , Bein Gregor 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDie fetale und neonatale Alloimmunthrombozytopenie (FNAIT) wird durch mütterliche Antikörper hervorgerufen, die gegen ein vom Vater ererbtes Blutgruppenmerkmal an fetalen Thrombozyten gerichtet sind. Teil 1 des Beitrags stellt die Ätiologie, die Pathogenese und die Diagnostik der FNAIT dar, während Teil 2 die Risikostratifizierung und Behandlung der FNAIT thematisiert 1.
Tabakentwöhnung – wirksam und kosteneffektiv
Authors: Andreas Stefan , Pankow Wulf 
Published: June 2021

Was ist neu?
Tabakentwöhnung in der Klinik – OPS 9–501 Tabakentwöhnung Im Krankenhaus kann durch Gespräche, pharmakologische Hilfen und vor allem eine Weiterbetreuung in ambulanten Strukturen eine effektive Entwöhnung organisiert werden. Medizinische Fachgesellschaften bemühen sich um eine adäquate Finanzierung im DRG-System.
Pharmakologische Unterstützung Eine pharmakologische Unterstützung auch mit Vareniclin ist effektiv und sicher.
Goldstandard: Gespräche plus Pharmakotherapie Gespräche plus Pharmakotherapie sind wirksamer als jede Therapie für sich allein.
Tabakentwöhnung bei manifesten Erkrankungen Für die wesentlichen tabakassoziierten Erkrankungen wie die koronare Herzerkrankung oder die chronisch-obstruktive Lungenerkrankung sind positive Effekte auf Morbidität und Mortalität durch hochwertige Metaanalysen abgesichert.
Schwere Verläufe von COVID-19 bei Rauchern Rauchen ist ein erheblicher Risikofaktor für eine Coronavirus-Infektion und einen schweren Krankheitsverlauf.
E-Zigarette zur Tabakentwöhnung? Die Daten zu toxischen Langzeitfolgen wie zur langfristigen Effektivität der E-Zigaretten in der Tabakentwöhnung sind noch unklar. Dual use ist häufig. Die E-Zigarette kann daher weiterhin nicht zur Tabakentwöhnung empfohlen werden.