bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutrinoastronomie in der Antarktis
Authors: Ackermann Markus 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungFast hundert Jahre nach der Vorhersage von Neutrinos sind wir heute in der Lage, diese faszinierenden Elementarteilchen als Boten aus dem All zu nutzen. Sie helfen uns, die extremsten Phänomene im Universum zu verstehen. IceCube ist das erste Neutrinoteleskop, das die kritische Größe erreicht hat, um Neutrinosignale aus dem All zu messen. Damit lassen sich erste Schlüsse über ihre Herkunft und die Eigenschaften ihrer Quellen ziehen. Die nächste Generation von Neutrinoteleskopen wird uns darauf aufbauend erlauben, den Neutrinohimmel präzise zu vermessen und ein neues tieferes Verständnis für Sternenexplosionen, aktive Galaxien und andere energiereiche Vorgänge zu entwickeln. Zusätzlich ermöglichen die riesigen Detektoren einzigartige Suchen nach neuen physikalischen Phänomenen und Teilchen. Nach zehn Jahren IceCube könnte die große Zeit der Neutrinoastronomie noch vor uns liegen.
Positive airway pressure for the treatment of the childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Xanthopoulos Melissa S. , Williamson Ariel A. , Tapia Ignacio E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this review, we have summarized the benefits of treatment with positive airway pressure for the childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and presented a socio‐ecological framework to enhance our understanding of positive airway pressure adherence predictors and important targets of comprehensive positive airway pressure treatment models across different pediatric populations. Although positive airway pressure is clearly a beneficial treatment for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, additional research is needed to evaluate how socio‐ecological factors may interact to predict positive airway pressure adherence, with more attention to the impact of the broader healthcare setting and on treatment approaches and outcomes in special pediatric populations.
Density functional theory calculations on the adsorption and degradation characteristics of ronidazole on the TiO2 surface
Authors: Chen Yang , Xu Donghui , Zhang Shuang , Tan Ruolan , Li Laicai , Liu Xiang‐Yang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, density functional theory (DFT) is used to study the adsorption characteristics and degradation mechanisms of ronidazole (RNZ) on different surfaces of TiO2. The stable adsorption configurations of RNZ on different surfaces of TiO2 are obtained. The structural changes of the stable adsorption structures are carefully analyzed. It is found that the adsorption of RNZ on surfaces of TiO2 is chemical adsorption, and there is hydrogen bond interaction between RNZ and different surfaces of TiO2 during the adsorption process. This study reveals that all the adsorption processes of RNZ on different surfaces of TiO2 activate the C‐N bond of the imidazole ring, which is beneficial to the photocatalytic reaction. We also studied the degradation reaction mechanisms of RNZ on different surfaces of hydroxylated TiO2, and studied two different degradation reaction channels of RNZ on different surfaces of TiO2. From the results of the energy barrier study of the degradation reaction, RNZ proceeds along the reaction path (RR1 → RTS1 → RM1 → RTS2 → RP1), and the main ring‐opening product of the degradation is the formation of the C‐N bond breaking of the imidazole ring of the RNZ, which is consistent with the results reported in previous experiment.
Variation in macroinvertebrate community structure of functional process zones along the river continuum: New elements for the interpretation of the river ecosystem synthesis
Authors: Maasri Alain , Thorp James H. , Kotlinski Nicholas , Kiesel Jens , Erdenee Bolortsetseg , Jähnig Sonja C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe examined how communities of macroinvertebrates occurring in functional process zones (FPZs) are affected by the location of FPZs in the river continuum. We delineated FPZs for three rivers displaying significant disparities in elevation, annual precipitation, valley shape, and other valley‐scale hydrogeomorphic variables. We extracted corresponding macroinvertebrate community data from the US National Water Quality Monitoring Council database and matched it to the stream order (SO) and FPZ delineations. We examined community structure in the three rivers by partitioning the variances associated with the FPZ and SO delineations. Then, we examined community variation as patterns of beta‐diversity for communities of FPZs in different SOs. In total, 23 FPZ‐SO configurations were examined. SO and FPZ delineations contributed similarly to the variance in the structure of macroinvertebrate communities. Taxa turnover accounted for the majority of the compositional change in communities of FPZs along the river continuum, while the functional composition showed primarily a nested structure. Pairwise comparison of communities for each FPZ along the river continuum showed that significant differences in community composition occurred at high SO in the three examined rivers. In this manuscript, we show that communities of FPZs are only partially comparable along the river continuum as significant compositional changes occur when comparing communities of FPZs in distant SOs. We bring, therefore, new elements to improve the interpretation of the River Ecosystem Synthesis concept that can have wider implications for understanding the biocomplexity of hydrogeomorphic patchiness in river networks.
Study of the Hydroamination Reaction of Methyl Acetylenedicarboxylate with Aromatic Amines and its Heterocyclization Products
Authors: Sol Shmidt Maria , Florencia Martini Maria , Oppezzo Guido A. , Mercedes Blanco Maria , Moglioni Albertina G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHere we describe the reaction of dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate with aniline, N‐ethylaniline or diphenylamine. The diasteromeric enamines obtained in each case are inequivocally characterized by 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR spectra and computational methods. The heterocyclization reaction of each isolated diasteromeric enamines, leads to different products depending on the reaction conditions and the stereoelectronic characteristics of the substrate. Thus, we were able to obtain 1‐phenyl‐2‐methoxycarbonyl‐4‐quinolinone, and to find a new route for obtaining 1‐phenyl‐3‐oxo‐1,3‐dihydro‐2‐indoliliden‐acetic acid derivatives.
Large‐scale Synthesis of Porous Pt Nanospheres /Three‐dimensional Graphene Hybrid Materials as a Highly Active and Stable Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Hu Shuqi , Li Xiaolan , Ali Asad , Zhang Xinyi , Kang Shen Pei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn order to facilitate widespread commercialization of proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), the synthesis of advanced catalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction with high activity and stability is essential. Here, we report the synthesis of strongly coupled porous Pt nanospheres /three‐dimensional graphene (P−Pt @3DG) hybrid materials through a facile strategy. The P−Pt @3DG displays an excellent oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance with the mass activity of 0.542 A/mgPt and specific activity of 0.976 mA/cm2 at 0.9 V vs. RHE, respectively, which are 4.0‐ and 3.7‐ times higher than those of commercial Pt/C catalysts. More importantly, high stability with only 5.35 % loss after 10,000 cycles is achieved. The superior performance of P−Pt @3DG is mainly attributed to the open structure of porous Pt spheres, which exposes the internal Pt atoms with an ultrahigh Pt utilization. Moreover, the 3D graphenes possess an open and interconnected porous structure and allow efficient charge and mass transfer. Besides, this synthetic method is suitable for large scale production, which is highly applicable to the commercialization of PEMFCs.
Oxygen‐Vacancy Abundant NiCo2O4 on the N‐Doped Carbon Nanosheets as Anode for High Performance Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Jin Rencheng , Yue Hailong , Xia Juan , Ren Congying , Gao Shanming 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAbstract: In this work, the oxygen‐vacancy abundant NiCo2O4 grown on the N‐doped carbon nanosheets are designed and fabricated through a facile procedure. The obtained special structure combined with the oxygen vacancies effectively enhance the contact area, keep the structural integrity as well as accelerate the electron and lithium ion transfer. As an anode for lithium ion batteries, the special architecture exhibits good cycle stability (1096 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at current density of 200 mA g−1) and long cycle capability at high current rate (398 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 5000 mA g−1). The advantageous features by constructing oxygen‐vacancy abundant transition metal oxides with the conductive N‐doped carbon nanosheets may pave the way for improving the electrochemical performance.
L‐Carnitine‐Based Bio‐Ionic Liquids as Antioxidants
Authors: Czerniak Kamil , Pernak Juliusz 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this research was to determine the antioxidant properties of ionic liquids containing an anion showing antioxidant activity and a cation of natural origin derived from L‐carnitine. Formation methods of ionic liquids based on direct protonation of an L‐carnitine zwitterion form were evaluated with the selected phenolic acids and L‐ascorbic acid. All received compounds were characterized, and the physicochemical properties significant to ionic liquid uses were measured (thermal stability and phase transitions). All research on antioxidant activity was conducted using commonly applied spectrophotometric methods, allowing for assessment of the neutralization ability of compounds regarding various radicals. The ferrous and cupric ion reduction ability and ferrous ion chelation of the ionic liquids were also examined. Furthermore, ionic liquid activity toward the enzyme xanthine oxidase responsible for the formation of reactive oxygen species in the body was determined.
Laryngeal perforation in a cat due to a fish bone foreign body
Authors: Chatzimisios Kyriakos , Angelou Vasileia , Anagnostou Tilemachos , Anastasiou Spiros , Papazoglou Lysimachos G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA two‐year‐old domestic shorthair (DSH) cat was presented with a three‐day history of anorexia and cough after having a meal of raw fish. Clinical examination revealed stridorous breathing and excessive salivation. On external examination, the area surround the larynx appeared oedematous, palpation of this area seemed painful and elicited a dry cough. Laryngoscopy examination revealed laryngeal oedema, normal laryngeal function and an intralaryngeal foreign body. The foreign body was protruding from the ventral larynx, and 5 mm was visible. Lateral radiography of the cervical region depicted subcutaneous emphysema and a foreign body, which was bone opacity, in the larynx. Surgical exploration of the ventral larynx revealed perforation of the thyroid cartilage due to a fish bone that was removed, and the laryngeal wound was closed with sutures. After a follow‐up of 1.5 years, the cat was reported to be free of clinical signs.
Urinary bladder torsion in a dog with an extraluminal tumor of the bladder apex
Authors: Bourbos Alexandros , Liotta Annalisa Pia , Piola Valentina , Cinti Filippo , Pisani Guido 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA 12‐year‐old, spayed female, Lagotto Romagnolo dog is referred because of acute onset of stranguria, dysuria and abdominal discomfort after jumping from a height. Clinical examination reveals mild abdominal pain with enlargement of the urinary bladder and no hematological abnormalities. Computer tomographic examination identifies a large eccentric soft tissue mass with smooth margins, which contacts the serosal layer of the urinary bladder apex. The urinary bladder is pear‐shaped, displaced laterally, and has a longitudinal spiral pattern (whirlpool sign) in the bladder neck area. Celiotomy reveals a mass attached to the apex of the urinary bladder, which has a clockwise 180° torsion with no signs of necrosis. Partial cystectomy, after detorsion, is performed, and bladder incision is closed routinely. Histopathologic evaluation reveals a grade 1 leiomyosarcoma. Although urinary bladder torsion has been reported in five dogs, neoplastic lesions have not previously described as a cause of torsion and should be included in the differential diagnosis.
Überversorgung in der Intensivmedizin: erkennen, benennen, vermeiden
Authors: Michalsen Andrej , Neitzke Gerald , Dutzmann Jochen , Rogge Annette , Seidlein Anna-Henrikje , Jöbges Susanne , Burchardi Hilmar , Hartog Christiane , Nauck Friedemann , Salomon Fred , Duttge Gunnar , Michels Guido , Knochel Kathrin , Meier Stefan , Gretenkort Peter , Janssens Uwe 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungUngeachtet der sozialgesetzlichen Vorgaben existieren im deutschen Gesundheitssystem in der Patientenversorgung nebeneinander Unter‑, Fehl- und Überversorgung. Überversorgung bezeichnet diagnostische und therapeutische Maßnahmen, die nicht angemessen sind, da sie die Lebensdauer oder Lebensqualität der Patienten nicht verbessern, mehr Schaden als Nutzen verursachen und/oder von den Patienten nicht gewollt werden. Daraus können hohe Belastungen für die Patienten, deren Familien, die Behandlungsteams und die Gesellschaft resultieren. Dieses Positionspapier erläutert Ursachen von Überversorgung in der Intensivmedizin und gibt differenzierte Empfehlungen zu ihrer Erkennung und Vermeidung. Zur Erkennung und Vermeidung von Überversorgung in der Intensivmedizin erfordert es Maßnahmen auf der Mikro‑, Meso- und Makroebene, insbesondere die folgenden: 1) regelmäßige Evaluierung des Therapieziels im Behandlungsteam unter Berücksichtigung des Patientenwillens und unter Begleitung von Patienten und Angehörigen; 2) Förderung einer patientenzentrierten Unternehmenskultur im Krankenhaus mit Vorrang einer qualitativ hochwertigen Patientenversorgung; 3) Minimierung von Fehlanreizen im Krankenhausfinanzierungssystem gestützt auf die notwendige Reformierung des fallpauschalbasierten Vergütungssystems; 4) Stärkung der interdisziplinären/interprofessionellen Zusammenarbeit in Aus‑, Fort- und Weiterbildung; 5) Initiierung und Begleitung eines gesellschaftlichen Diskurses zur Überversorgung.
Recycling von Lithium-Ionen-Batterien: Herausforderungen und aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse
Authors: Windisch-Kern Stefan , Holzer Alexandra , Ponak Christoph , Nagovnak Peter , Raupenstrauch Harald 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Einsatz von wertvollen und teilweise kritischen Rohstoffen wie Kobalt, Nickel, Mangan und Lithium in Kathodenmaterialien sowie die prognostizierten Marktentwicklungen machen das Recycling von Lithium-Ionen-Batterien zu einem abfallwirtschaftlich relevanten Thema. Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet die Entwicklung und Vielfalt dieser Kathodenmaterialien und leitet daraus Anforderungen an zukünftige Aufbereitungs- bzw. Recyclingverfahren ab. Die schnelle Weiterentwicklung der Zellchemismen hin zu nickelreichen Kathodenmaterialien stellt bestehende Verfahren vor wirtschaftliche Probleme und unterstreicht zusätzlich die Notwendigkeit eines flexiblen Prozesses, welcher mit einer variierenden chemischen Zusammensetzung des Abfallstromes zurechtkommen muss. Zusätzlich wird ein umfassender Einblick in die diesbezüglichen Forschungsbestrebungen des Lehrstuhls für Thermoprozesstechnik gegeben. Die präsentierten Ergebnisse des eingesetzten Verfahrenskonzepts attestieren dem Ansatz ein großes Potenzial. Beispielsweise gelang es, die als Bottleneck der Pyrometallurgie eingestufte Verschlackung von Lithium, großteils zu unterbinden und über 90 % des Elements aus dem experimentellen Reaktor zu entfernen.
A novel semi-implicit scheme for elastodynamics and wave propagation in nearly and truly incompressible solids
Authors: Kadapa Chennakesava 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a novel semi-implicit scheme for elastodynamics and wave propagation problems in nearly and truly incompressible material models. The proposed methodology is based on the efficient computation of the Schur complement for the mixed displacement-pressure formulation using a lumped mass matrix for the displacement field. By treating the deviatoric stress explicitly and the pressure field implicitly, the critical time step is made to be limited by shear wave speed rather than the bulk wave speed. The convergence of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by computing error norms for the recently proposed LBB-stable BT2/BT1 element. Using the numerical examples modelled with nearly and truly incompressible Neo-Hookean and Ogden material models, it is demonstrated that the proposed semi-implicit scheme yields significant computational benefits over the fully explicit and the fully implicit schemes for finite strain elastodynamics simulations involving incompressible materials. Finally, the applicability of the proposed scheme for wave propagation problems in nearly and truly incompressible material models is illustrated.
The influence of fencing on seedling establishment during reforestation of oak stands: a comparison of artificial and natural regeneration techniques including costs
Authors: Löf Magnus , Barrere Julien , Engman Mattias , Petersson Linda K. , Villalobos Adrian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn temperate Europe, oak-dominated forests are widespread, supporting high biodiversity and providing important ecosystem services. Insufficient natural regeneration has, however, been a concern for over a century. The objective of this study was to gain insights into differences in regeneration success using artificial and natural regeneration techniques for reforestation of oak (Quercus roburL.) stands. We monitored seedlings following planting, direct seeding and natural regeneration over five years in a randomized block experiment in southern Sweden with fenced and non-fenced plots. Fencing had a strong positive effect on height growth, especially for planted seedlings that were taller than the other seedlings and more frequently browsed in non-fenced plots. In contrast, there was little effect of fencing on survival, establishment rate and recruitment rate of seedlings. Due to aboveground damage on seedlings from voles, protection of acorns did not improve establishment rate following direct seeding. Under current circumstances at the site with a sparse shelterwood of old oaks, we conclude that natural regeneration was the most cost-efficient regeneration method. It resulted in the most seedlings at the lowest cost. However, regeneration success was heavily influenced by interference from herbaceous vegetation. With a small additional investment in vegetation control, the results might have been improved for planting and direct seeding.
Out of our skull, in our skin: the Microbiota-Gut-Brain axis and the Extended Cognition Thesis
Authors: Boem Federico , Ferretti Gabriele , Zipoli Caiani Silvano 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAccording to a shared functionalist view in philosophy of mind, a cognitive system, and cognitive function thereof, is based on the components of the organism it is realized by which, indeed, play a causal role in regulating our cognitive processes. This led philosophers to suggest also that, thus, cognition could be seen as an extended process, whose vehicle can extend not only outside the brain but also beyond bodily boundaries, on different kinds of devices. This is what we call the ‘Externally Extended Cognition Thesis.’ This notion has generated a lively debate. Here, we offer a novel notion of extended cognition, according to which cognition can be seen as being realized (and expanded) outside the brain, but still inside the body. This is what we call the ‘Internally Extended Cognition Thesis’. Not only our thesis but also our approach while defending it is innovative. The argument we offer is supported by recent empirical findings in the life sciences and biomedicine, which suggest that the gut microbiota’s activity has a functional role in regulating our cognitive processes and behaviors. In doing so, we embrace theholobiont-perspective, according to which it is possible to claim that what we call biological individuals are not autonomous entities with clear boundaries, but should rather be seen as networks of multiple interactions among species. Thus, by analyzing different sets of evidence in light of theholobiont-perspective, we argue that the gut microbiota could be seen as a component of our organism. On the basis of the philosophical interpretation of this evidence, however, we also suggest that there are no impediments standing the way of considering the gut microbiota also as a functional extension of our cognitive system. If so, this amounts to extending cognition out of ‘our skull’, though still confining it within ‘our body’: to ‘our gut’. This is an instance of the ‘Internally Extended Cognition Thesis,’ whose benefits for an original (biologically informed) theory ofextended cognitionare discussed.
Barriers, emotions, and motivational levers for lifestyle transformation in Norwegian household decarbonization pathways
Authors: Moberg Karen Richardsen , Sovacool Benjamin K. , Goritz Alexandra , Hinojosa Gaëtan M. , Aall Carlo , Nilsson Maria 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMeeting the Paris Agreement targets requires strong near-term climate change mitigation in all sectors of the economy. Increasing demand-side emission abatement efforts is one important area to pursue, yet there are significant barriers that must be overcome in order to realize its potential. We ask: What barriers may be hindering deep emissions reduction at the household level? What kinds of levers are available to achieve emission reductions? Based on an original and extensive qualitative dataset, our in-depth study of households in Bergen, Norway, shows that individuals perceive they are confronted with considerable individual, economic, and infrastructural barriers that prevent them from taking deep mitigation actions. Our results however also suggest that some barriers can be overcome with motivational levers such as the availability of more sustainable alternatives, support networks and by the positive emotions felt when having a positive impact on the environment. Other barriers are more difficult to overcome, pointing to the overarching lesson from our study that households will need to be forced or incentivized beyond voluntary efforts to achieve rapid and comprehensive decarbonization. The current policy approach, aimed mostly at nudging for voluntary mitigation actions, is wholly inadequate to achieve significant emission reductions. Our study indicates that households are open for increasingly including more “sticks” into climate policymaking. While there are significant challenges to individuals taking stronger mitigation action, these can be overcome by strengthening government policies targeting the patterns and, importantly, volumes of household consumption.