bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fault diagnosis method of rolling bearing based on EMD-Hilbert envelope spectrum and BPNN
Authors: Wu Tao 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Rolling bearings are an important component of rotating machinery, and accurate diagnosis of their faults is also very important. This paper proposes a rolling bearing fault diagnosis method combining empirical mode decomposition (EMD)-Hilbert envelope spectrum analysis and BP neural network (BPNN). First, EMD is used to decompose the intrinsic modal function (IMF) component containing the bearing fault feature information from the original vibration signal data of the rolling bearing, and then the IMF component is processed in combination with the Hilbert envelope analysis method to obtain a clear fault feature frequency. The processed fault characteristic frequency is subjected to dimensionality reduction by principal component analysis (PCA) to propose redundant data. Finally, the dimensionality-reduced feature data is input into B PNN to establish a fault diagnosis model. The results show that the rolling bearing fault diagnosis method based on EMD-Hilbert envelope spectrum analysis and BPNN can effectively identify different fault states of rolling bearings.
Research on Building Measurement Accuracy Verification Based on Terrestrial 3D Laser Scanner
Authors: Ling Xiaochun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The accuracy of terrestrial 3D laser scanners is mainly determined by the accuracy of ranging and angle measurement. Therefore, the research of horizontal angle accuracy is very important. The current construction industry can develop at the fastest speed because of the advent of many advanced science and technology research and development. The rational application of these science and technology to the construction industry can intuitively display the internal structure and external shape of the building. In front of people, it effectively guarantees the country's economic benefits and the people's property safety. The article studies the influence of distance, incident angle and target color on the accuracy of the scanner during measurement. Using the plane fitting method to analyse the accuracy, a qualitative analysis conclusion is drawn that as t he distance increases, the angle of incidence increases, which will cause the measurement accuracy of the ground 3D laser scanner to decrease.
Preparation and application of oil emulsion adjuvant of animal vaccines containing flavonoid saponins
Authors: Zhang Fen , Zhou Mengmeng , Liu Hongwei , Bi Yutong , Duan Pufan , Zhou Haijun , Chen Xiaoqi , Li Yantao , Qu Xiongwei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
With the development of immunology, the application of vaccines plays an important role in controlling the epidemic of animal diseases, and the development of adjuvants is particularly important. Immune adjuvant is a kind of non-specific immune enhancer. It can effectively induce long-term and high-efficiency specific immune response and improve the self-protection ability of the body when injected with antigen or in advance. In this paper, a flavonoid saponin extracted from persimmon leaves was added on the basis of traditional oil adjuvant. The animal potency test showed that the oil emulsion adjuvant containing flavonoid saponin was more effective than single use, and could be widely used in the development of animal vaccine.
Design of a filtering car air purifier
Authors: Dong Xue 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Aiming at serious air pollution in the passenger car, in this paper, a filtering car air purifier is designed. This paper mainly consists of selection of the fan, design of the filter, design of the shell, processing of all parts, assembly of the complete machine, usage, operation process, and usage. Finally, through the detection of the filtering car air purifier designed in this paper, the test shows that this filtering air purifier can remove harmful substances, such as formaldehyde, in the car.
Analysis of the current situation and development direction of Zhengzhou’s planning and construction
Authors: Li Yunfen , Yang Shuai 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article analyzes and studies the current status and development direction of Zhengzhou City by using urban management theory, comparative methods and on-the-spot investigation methods. Close to the conclusion. As a new first-tier city, Zhengzhou's development level and planning and construction are not yet mature, and there are still many problems that need to be solved urgently. The results of the study show that the overall provision of public goods in Zhengzhou is uneven and inadequate. Public goods are an obvious material manifestation of whether cities are developed or not. Infrastructure is a major component of public goods. Housing construction is the top priority of the people's livelihood. In response to the housing planning and environmental protection issues in Zhengzhou City, this article puts forward several suggestions: to expand the investment of funds to build affordable housing; to resolve the garbage classification and land layout Environmental issues in Zhengzhou. Environmental protection has always been a key issue in China. Both cities and residents should raise their awareness of environmental protection in order for cities to develop healthily and sustainably. This article has a certain reference role for the urban planning and construction of Zhengzhou City.
Application and Research Based on Advanced Low-Emission Aero-Engine Combustion Chamber Technology in Domestic Large Aircraft
Authors: Zhang Xu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The international limits on pollution emissions from civil aviation transportation are becoming more and more stringent. Combustion chambers are the only source of pollution emissions from civil aviation engines. Reducing the amount of pollutant e missions is an important task facing the development of combustion chambers. Low-e mission combustion technology as one of the key technologies of civil aviation engines, it is the core technology that supports the development and market entry of civil aviation engines. In order to study the pressure oscillation characteristics of the low-emission combustion chamber under typical working conditions, the self-excited combustion oscillation characteristic test of the model combustion chamber is carried out. The results show that the local equivalent ratio pulsation is one of the factors that cause combustion instability. By calculating the maximum particle size of the fuel droplets in the secondary atomization state of the fuel, it is found that the change of the fuel droplet size has a direct effect on the local equivalent ratio pulsation at the outlet of the main fuel stage, which causes the amplitude and frequency of the combustion chamber pressure oscillation Variety.
Glucose-oxygen biofuel cell based on laccase cathode and gold-modified carbon black anode: experimental research and mathematical modelling
Authors: Arkadeva I , Vasilenko V , Bogdanovskaya V , Sudarev G , Koltsova E 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis research studies processes in membraneless mediatorless biofuel cell (BFC), including the processes of oxygen reduction at the cathode with a laccase-based catalyst and glucose oxidation at gold-modified carbon black (20Au/XC-72R) as an anode catalyst. The influence of the glucose quantity in the nutrient solution on the electrochemical activity of BFC was investigated. At pH=4.7 the highest power density of 2.6 µW/cm2was obtained for a solution containing 0.5 M of glucose. It was found that the concentration of glucose in the range of 0.2-0.5 M does not affect the electrochemical activity of immobilized laccase. The mathematical model of the studied BFC was based on the continuous stirred-tank reactor model, the electrochemical processes occurring on the electrodes were taken into account. The BFC’s output characteristics were calculated, profiles of the concentration of participants of electrode reactions on current density, the discharge curves, profiles of the power density dependence on current density at glucose concentration in the range of 0.1-1.5 M were obtained. The electrodes’ reactions rates dependences on the current density of BFC confirm that the cathodic reaction is limiting. Optimization of the BFC operation modes showed that the optimal glucose content at the nutrition solution is 0.546 M.
A review on Hybrid Electric Vehicle and simulation on Hybrid Electric Vehicle Drivetrain
Authors: Bapodra Yagnesh , Rajamanickam Udayakumar 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses about the Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) and the simulation on the Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle Drivetrain. The concept and the classification of the HEV is discussed here and the simulation and analysis of a drivetrain for Parallel Electric Hybrid Engine (PHEV) was formulated on MATLAB Simulink. The methodology of simulation was to accelerate or decelerate the vehicle independently with the electric motor with engine running at constant speed. And the parameters such as electric motor and engine power were compared and observed. And research on CO2 emission and fuel consumption was made between the PHEV and Conventional Vehicle (ICE Vehicle). And the conclusion was made according to the research and the simulation that the development of HEV will have a great potential in fuel economy improvement.
Simulation and Analysis of glare effect of two lane tunnel lighting under symmetrical lighting arrangement
Authors: Jianyou Yu , shuya Sun , xiaocong Wang , Zhizhong Liu , Jianbo Wu , Yanxin Chen , Shengshen Ge 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Glare seriously affects the quality of tunnel lighting, and also has a negative impact on drivers’ visual recognition in the tunnel. By introducing the calculation method of glare influence level G and relative threshold increment TI, the article uses DIAlux evo lighting simulation analysis software to simulate and analyze the tunnel lighting glare of different installation spacing and angle combinations under the condition of Symmetrical lighting on both sides in the tunnel. The influence range of glare produced by different installation spacing and angle combinations under symmetrical lighting is obtained. The research results show that: in the symmetrical lighting mode on both sides of the tunnel, when the angle between the driver’s sight line and the incident direction of the tunnel lighting is less than 82.38°, the lamps will produce glare to the driver. When the glare influence level of symmetrical bat-wing tunnel lamp is between 1 and 3 at any installation distance and angle under the symmetrical arrangement of lights on both sides, it is a serious glare effect.
Extremely Low Cycle Fatigue Failure Behavior of Box-column to I-beam Welded Joints
Authors: Huang Lizhen , Qu Weilian , Wu Cai 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, cyclic loading tests are carried out to study the extremely-low-cycle fatigue (ELCF) failure behavior of the beam-to-column welded joints of steel structures subjected to severe seismic excitation. Firstly, the fatigue crack evolution and local strain of the weld zone obtained from experiments are adopted to investigate ELCF failure behavior for steel structures. In these experiments, three large scale specimens of box-column to I-beam connection are controlled by different cycle displacement ranges greater than the yield displacement. Secondly, the crack initiation and propagation law as well as the damage and deterioration mechanism are examined; then, the preliminary criterion for crack initiation for the box-column joint is proposed. Finally, failure characteristics and strain distribution of the box-column joint are analyzed. This study shows that the ELCF failure of the box-column to the I-beam joint is multiaxial and nonproportional. Based on the crack initiation and propagation along the thickness direction of the beam flange, the crack macro-penetration mode can be divided into two categories, i.e., standard failure mode and mixed failure mode. Moreover, load drop, change rate of load drop, and loading amplitude are key factors of the damage mechanism.
Energy saving potential analysis of the application of Cooling tower cooling technology in Guiyang
Authors: Su Ying , Hu Cheng , Li Lei , Mao Ruiyong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We conducted research on the development of cooling tower cooling technology and the trend of wet bulb temperature in Guiyang throughout the year. According to the results, we found that the cumulative number of hours in which the wet bulb temperature of Guiyang was ≤14°C totaled 4327 hours, which accounted for 49.39% of the total. On the one hand, in winter, when the wet bulb temperature is 14°C as the switching temperature, the theoretical cooling hours in winter is 2130 hours. On the other hand, in spring and autumn, the theoretical hours of indirect cooling tower “free” cooling totaled 1904 hours. At the same time, it is worth mentioning that in winter and transitional seasons, the theoretical cooling hours account for 94% of the total free cooling hours available for cooling towers throughout the year. Through further analysis, we believe that the application of this technology in Guiyang has good energy-saving potential and application value. It should be noted that in actual engineering applications, the utilization characteristics of natural cold sources also need to be considered. At the same time, we have to combine the terminal form of the air conditioner and the characteristics of the cooling load to give full play to the energy-saving potential of cooling tower cooling technology.
Transient and harmonic analyses of South Memnon Colossus including soil-structure interaction
Authors: Yu Taize , Chen Xiaokun , Liu Siyu , Ling Yijie 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this work, a 3D model of an ancient statue -- the South Memnon Colossus, was built, and its dynamic response to sinusoidal earthquake motion was investigated. In the transient analysis, parametric studies were conducted to better understand the impact of ground motion characteristics (frequency, amplitude, and direction) on the structure’s seismic response. The comparison was made of the dynamic responses with and without soil-structure interaction effects. The analyses were conducted in MSUP (linear) mode of a commercial finite element code ANSYS. The solution was obtained in the frequency domain and showed increasing deformation as the load frequency approaches the natural frequency of the structure (resonance).
Research on probabilistic diagnosis-based structural damage identification using two-phase fusion of multi-source information
Authors: Zhuo Debing , Cao Hui , Liu Aili 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Several de-noising techniques have been proposed previously. However, in structural damage identification, it is still difficult to effectively eliminate the influence of noise by using any de-noising technique due to the complexity of environmental noise. This difficulty leads to the failure of some damage identification indices when used in practical applications, despite their high sensitivity to damage in simulation analyses. This paper proposes a probabilistic diagnosis-based method involving the fusion of two-phase multi-source information. First, local decision results of structural damage were obtained by using the improved element damage variable and the element stiffness reduction factor. Then, the Dempster-Shafer(D-S) evidence theory was used to fuse the local decision results to obtain the final decision results. By performing a simulation analysis and dynamic tests of a reinforced concrete beam and steel beam, it was confirmed that the proposed procedure demonstrated good stability and noise resistance.
Research on Emergency Escape Support System for Operation Risk of Highway Extra-long Tunnel
Authors: Zhang Zhigang , Qu Shangwen , Yang Yang , Zhang Guoxiang , Zhang Xin , Hou Lingchao , Jiang Li 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The special driving environment of highway extra-long tunnels causes high operational risks and difficult escape. The establishment of a sound emergency escape support system is essential for drivers to escape safely in risky accidents. Based on the factors such as the type and severity of tunnel operation risks, this paper studies and puts forward the level of extra-long tunnel operation risk management and the requirements for safe emergency escape of relevant personnel under different levels, and establishes and improves the composition of the extra-long tunnel emergency support system and the function, location and spacing of each facility in the subsystems. Considering the condition of extra-long tunnels, the research conclusions provide a scientific basis for emergency escape management and establishment technology, and proposes a safer support system for emergency escapes.
Fracture of a gas pipeline manufactured by high frequency current welding
Authors: Alexeev A A , Syromyatnikova A S , Bolshakov A M , Ivanov A R 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Fracture of an underground gas main with a diameter of 530 mm during the production of pneumatic tests along a factory longitudinal welded joint made by contact welding using high-frequency currents, is considered. Fracture research was carried out by analysis of the project and technical documentation of the object, visual and measuring control of the object, ultrasonic measurement of pipe wall thickness, fractographic, metallographic and chemical analyses, measurements of hardness and microhardness of pipe metal. It was established that fracture of the gas pipeline occurred as a result of the opening of one pipe along the entire length of the factory-made longitudinal welded joint during the propagation of cracks in the welded joint and the subsequent propagation of the main crack in both directions to adjacent pipes; the centers of fracture were numerous surface crack-like defects of the welded joint. It is shown that a fracture was caused by a violation of the welding technology of a longitudinal welded joint, a violation of heat treatment, an unacceptable thinning of the pipe wall in the weld zone.
The effect of process parameters of gas-dynamic spray on generation of brass-type coating structure
Authors: Arkhipov V E , Moskvitin G V , Pugachev M S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The study results have shown the effect of coating temperature and contact ratio on generation of phase structure of the coating based on the mixture of Cu and Zn particles and Al2O3 applied by cold gas-dynamic spray method. The x-ray diffraction and micro-spectral analyses have shown the presence of copper and zinc in the structure and generation of electronic compound based on CuZn3 (e – phase) and Cu5Zn (γ – phase), which is preconditioned by copper diffusion into zinc. The mass fraction of intermetallic compositions in the coating structure depends on the coating temperature and contact ratio, it reaches 12% and 33%. The analysis of surface processing by solid and plastic particles flow has shown the effect of copper particles deformation on diffusion rate.
Damaged zone thickness estimation method for machined FRP composite specimens
Authors: Vlasov D D , Tatus N A , Polilov A N , Akhmedshin E Kh 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The results of the experimental study of machining effect on the fiberglass specimens’ tensile strength realization are presented. According to the data obtained, the size of the damaged zone, which does not carry applied loads and reduces the actual net cross-section of the specimen, has been estimated.
The role of aluminum and iron hydroxides in the formation of concrete properties
Authors: Ovcharenko G , Ibe E 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Aluminum and iron hydroxides, formed in the stone during the hydration of cement with the addition of special slags, significantly improve the properties of concrete. The addition of low-basic calcium aluminates CA2 and CA6 in the form of high-alumina slag, which releases a large amount of Al(OH)3 during hydration, increases the strength, density, water resistance, frost and corrosion resistance of hydraulic concrete. A compressed mixture of concrete scrap and high-alumina slag based on low-basic aluminates makes it possible to obtain durable and frost-resistant materials and pavement structures. A special nickel slag of increased basicity in a mixture with Portland cement ensures the formation of ferric hydroxide during hydration. Concrete on such Portland slag cement shows frost resistance for more than 500 cycles without special measures.
Calculation of elastic-creeping characteristics of a beam made of a layered composite material
Authors: Bobyleva T N , Shamaev A S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Multilayer composite materials are often used in building structures. The direct calculation of layered structures requires large expenditures of computer time. Therefore, the homogenization method is used. This method reduces the problem of a layered material with isotropic layers to the problem of a homogeneous transversely isotropic medium. The material considered in the article is also elastic-creeping. In the equations of state of such a material, terms of the convolution type with difference creep (relaxation) kernels are added to the terms of the usual theory of elasticity. The creep (relaxation) kernels are represented by decreasing exponential functions depending on two parameters. This problem becomes a problem of the theory of elasticity with a parameter after applying the Laplace transform in time to it. The inverse Laplace transform can be done in a computer algebra package, for example, Wolfram Mathematica, Wolfram-alpha. The obtained characteristics of the material are used to solve the problem of a layered elastic-creeping beam with hinge support. Formulas are given for determining displacements in the case of layers parallel to the beam axis.
Using the method of vertical reinforcement for design of the soil base
Authors: Stepanischev Konstantin , Sidorov Vitalii 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the method of vertical reinforcement of the base with reinforced concrete elements is considered, applied at a real site in Ekaterinburg. The construction site is characterized by difficult engineering and geological conditions due to the uneven occurrence of eluvial and rocky soils of variable thickness, as well as the presence of specific soils within the soil massif. The imperfection of the normative documentation, based on the lack of knowledge of this method, makes it difficult to design these foundations under load. Frequent comparison with structures typical for traditional pile foundations leads to problems when justifying this method in local authorities of state expertise and sometimes does not take into account the uniqueness and economic efficiency of this topic. The advantages and disadvantages of this method are highlighted when using it in the design of a real object.