bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superior 125-month outcome through cetuximab in the larynx organ preservation trial DeLOS-II: a single study center’s experience
Authors: Wichmann Gunnar , Wald Theresa , Zebralla Veit , Stoehr Matthaeus , Pirlich Markus , Wiegand Susanne , Kunz Viktor , Dietz Andreas 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionThe larynx organ preservation (LOP) trial DeLOS-II enrolled n = 173 patients with advanced laryngeal/hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LHSCC) amenable (only curatively resectable) through total laryngectomy (TL) to receive induction chemotherapy (IC) with TPF [docetaxel (T), cisplatin (P), and 5-fluorouracil (F)] (arm A, 85 patients) or additional cetuximab (E) weekly (arm B, 88 patients). Responders with endoscopic estimated tumor surface shrinkage (ETSS) ≥30% after 1 cycle IC (IC-1) received a further two cycles of IC followed by radiotherapy (RT), whereas TL was recommended for non-responders. Arm B failed to show superior 24-month laryngectomy-free survival (LFS) and overall survival (OS), the protocol-specified primary and secondary endpoints. Ten years after the last per-protocol visit, we are interested in the long-term outcome of our clinic’s DeLOS-II patients.MethodsOur cohort of 52 DeLOS-II patients accrued between 2007 and 2012 included 27 and 25 patients randomized to arms A and B, respectively. F was omitted because of severe toxicity with amendment 2 of the DeLOS-II protocol, leading to 21 and 31 patients receiving TPF and TP IC backbone, respectively. Follow-up data were collected using electronic health records and information from the German Centre for Cancer Registry Data to evaluate long-term LFS and OS in treatment groups.ResultsAccording to ETSS ≥ 30%, 42 patients (80.8%; 21 and 21 corresponding to 77.8% and 84.0% in arms A and B, respectively) were responders to IC-1 and underwent the LOP attempt. Recommending early TL to non-responders (ETSS &lt; 30%), eight patients (five and three in A and B, respectively) underwent early TL. At 125 months, 22 (eight and 14) patients were alive: 17 (six and 11) with a functioning larynx and five (two and three) without a larynx. Arm B had superior OS (p = 0.023). Disease-specific survival (DSS) and tumor-specific survival were not different, whereas non-cancer-related survival (NCRS) was impaired in arm A (p = 0.018). Receiving TP or TPF IC did not significantly influence survival. Pairwise comparing OS of patients receiving TP, TPF, TPE, and TPFE revealed a benefit from cetuximab in TPE vs. TP (p = 0.020).ConclusionWhile the per-protocol DeLOS-II results earlier reported comparable 24-month LFS and OS in arms A and B, our subcohort’s long-term follow-up data demonstrate a superior 125-month outcome in arm B.
Global, regional, and national burden of cutaneous malignant melanoma from 1990 to 2021 and prediction to 2045
Authors: Liu Chengling , Liu Xingchen , Hu Li , Li Xin , Xin Haiming , Zhu Sailin 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundCutaneous Malignant Melanoma (CMM) is a significant global health challenge. Understanding regional differences in CMM prevalence and trends is crucial for developing targeted strategies. To address this, we analyzed epidemiological patterns and investigated risk factors for CMM-related mortality.MethodsThis study analyzed CMM using data from the 2021 Global Burden of Diseases survey, covering 204 countries and territories. We evaluated the number and age-standardized rates of prevalence (ASPR), mortality (ASMR), disability-adjusted life years (ASDR), and annual percentage changes (EAPCs). Trends were stratified by region, country, age, sex, and Sociodemographic Index (SDI). A Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort model projected future prevalence, mortality, and DALYs, while decomposition analysis identified key drivers of CMM burden. Frontier analysis further associated CMM outcomes with socio-demographic development.ResultsIn 2021, the global prevalence of CMM reached 833,215 cases, a 161.3% increase since 1990. During this period, the ASPR rose from 19.13 to 25.37 per 100,000, while the ASMR declined from 0.84 to 0.73 per 100,000. DALYs increased by 60.5%, from 1,045,777 to 1,678,836. The high SDI region had the highest ASPR, ASMR, and ASDR. Decomposition analysis identified population growth, demographic aging, and epidemiological changes as equal drivers of CMM DALYs globally. Countries like New Zealand and Australia demonstrated the most significant effective differences, indicating potential for improvement in CMM management. By 2045, the global ASPR is projected to rise to 36.61, with ASMR and ASDR expected to decrease to 0.79 and 10.21 per 100,000.ConclusionCMM poses an increasing global health concern, with ASPR steadily rising. While this analysis shows a decline in global ASMR and ASDR overall, these rates are actually increasing in low SDI regions, and projections indicate that this trend will likely continue until 2045.
Classification of arteriovenous fistula sounds using a convolutional block attention module and long short-term memory neural network
Authors: Zhang Jun , Zhang Rongxi , Shu Xinming , Zhang Hongtao 
Published: December 2024

The assessment of vascular accessibility in patients undergoing hemodialysis is predominantly reliant on manual inspection, a method that is associated with several limitations. In this study, we propose an alternative approach by recording the acoustic signals produced by the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and employing deep learning techniques to analyze these sounds as an objective complement to traditional AVF evaluation methods. Auscultation sounds were collected from 800 patients, with each recording lasting between 24 and 30 s. Features were extracted by combining Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients with Mel-Spectrogram data, generating a novel set of feature parameters. These parameters were subsequently used as input to a model that integrates the Convolutional Block Attention Module and a Long Short-Term Memory neural network, designed to classify the severity of AVF stenosis based on two sound categories (normal and abnormal). The experimental results demonstrate that the CBAM-LSTM model achieves an Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve of 99%, Precision of 99%, Recall of 97%, and F1 Score of 98%. Comparative analysis with other models, including VGG, Bi-LSTM, DenseNet121, and ResNet50, indicates that the proposed CBAM-LSTM model outperforms these alternatives in classifying AVF stenosis severity. These findings suggest the potential of the CBAM-LSTM model as a reliable tool for monitoring AVF maturation.
A novel lightweight YOLOv8-PSS model for obstacle detection on the path of unmanned agricultural vehicles
Authors: Chen Zhijian , Fang Yijun , Yin Jianjun , Lv Shiyu , Sheikh Muhammad Farhan , Liu Lu 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionThe rapid urbanization of rural regions, along with an aging population, has resulted in a substantial manpower scarcity for agricultural output, necessitating the urgent development of highly intelligent and accurate agricultural equipment technologies.MethodsThis research introduces YOLOv8-PSS, an enhanced lightweight obstacle detection model, to increase the effectiveness and safety of unmanned agricultural robots in intricate field situations. This YOLOv8-based model incorporates a depth camera to precisely identify and locate impediments in the way of autonomous agricultural equipment. Firstly, this work integrates partial convolution (PConv) into the C2f module of the backbone network to improve inference performance and minimize computing load. PConv significantly reduces processing load during convolution operations, enhancing the model's real-time detection performance. Second, a Slim-neck lightweight neck network is introduced, replacing the original neck network's conventional convolution with GSConv, to further improve detection efficiency and accuracy. This adjustment preserves accuracy while reducing the complexity of the model. After optimization, the bounding box loss function is finally upgraded to Shape-IoU (Shape Intersection over Union), which improves both model accuracy and generalization.ResultsThe experimental results demonstrate that the improved YOLOv8_PSS model achieves a precision of 85.3%, a recall of 88.4%, and an average accuracy of 90.6%. Compared to the original base network, it reduces the number of parameters by 55.8%, decreases the model size by 59.5%, and lowers computational cost by 51.2%. When compared with other algorithms, such as Faster RCNN, SSD, YOLOv3-tiny, and YOLOv5, the improved model strikes an optimal balance between parameter count, computational efficiency, detection speed, and accuracy, yielding superior results. In positioning accuracy tests, the, average and maximum errors in the measured distances between the camera and typical obstacles (within a range of 2-15 meters) were 2.73% and 4.44%, respectively.DiscussionThe model performed effectively under real-world conditions, providing robust technical support for future research on autonomous obstacle avoidance in unmanned agricultural machinery.
An Adverse Outcome Pathway for food nanomaterial-induced intestinal barrier disruption
Authors: Stanco Deborah , Lipsa Dorelia , Bogni Alessia , Bremer-Hoffmann Susanne , Clerbaux Laure-Alix 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionThe ingestion of nanomaterials (NMs) may impair the intestinal barrier, but the underlying mechanisms remain evasive, and evidence has not been systematically gathered or produced. A mechanistic-based approach would be instrumental in assessing whether relevant NMs disrupt the intestinal barrier, thereby supporting the NM risk assessment in the food sector.MethodsIn this study, we developed an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) based on biological plausibility and by leveraging information from an existing NM-relevant AOP that leads to hepatic outcomes. We then extracted the current evidence from the literature for a targeted selection of NMs with high relevance to the food sector, namely, ZnO, CuO, FeO, SiO2, and Ag NMs and nanocellulose.ResultsWe propose a new AOP (AOP 530) that starts with endocytic lysosomal uptake, leading to lysosomal disruption inducing mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial impairments can lead to cell injury/death and disrupt the intestinal barrier. The evidence collected supports that these food-related NMs can be taken up by intestinal cells and indicates that intestinal barrier disruption may occur due to Ag, CuO, and SiO2 NMs, while only few studies support this outcome for FeO and ZnO. Lysosomal disruption and mitochondrial dysfunction are rarely evaluated. For nanocellulose, none of the studies report toxicity-related events.ConclusionThe collection of existing scientific evidence supporting our AOP linking NM uptake to intestinal barrier impairments allowed us to highlight current evidence gaps and data inconsistencies. These inconsistencies could be associated with the variety of stressors, biological systems, and key event (KE)-related assays used in different studies. This underscores the need for further harmonized methodologies and the production of mechanistic evidence for the safety regulatory assessment of NMs in the food sector.
Impact of Addition of a Newtonian Solvent to a Giesekus Fluid: Analytical Determination of Flow Rate in Plane Laminar Motion
Authors: Daprà Irene , Scarpi Giambattista , Di Federico Vittorio 
Published: December 2024

In this study, the influence of the presence of a Newtonian solvent on the flow of a Giesekus fluid in a plane channel or fracture is investigated with a focus on the determination of the flow rate for an assigned external pressure gradient. The pressure field is nonlinear due to the presence of the normal transverse stress component. As expected, the flow rate per unit width Q′ is larger than for a Newtonian fluid and decreases as the solvent increases. It is strongly dependent on the viscosity ratio ε (0≤ε≤1), the dimensionless mobility parameter β (0≤β≤1) and the Deborah number De, the dimensionless driving pressure gradient. The degree of dependency is notably strong in the low range of ε. Furthermore, Q′ increases with De and tends to a constant asymptotic value for large De, subject to the limitation of laminar flow. When the mobility factor β is in the range 0.5÷1, there is a minimum value of ε to obtain an assigned value of De. The ratio UN/U between Newtonian and actual mean velocity depends only on the product βDe, as for other non-Newtonian fluids.
Improvement of device performance of solution-processed multilayered LEDs with QD/polymer blend as the emission layer
Authors: Itoh Eiji , Sekino Taisuke 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We fabricated the solution-processed multilayered light-emitting diodes having the colloidal quantum dots/ polymer blend as an emitting layer (QD-LEDs) with the inverted organic LED structure. We proposed the multilayered electron injection layers consisting of 4,7-Dimethoxy-1,10-phenanthroline (p-MeO-Phen) on ZnO nanoparticles, and the multilayers of ZnO:p-MeO-Phen blend (1st EIL) and the heat-treated Zr (IV) acetylacetonate (Zr(acac)4) as a 2nd EIL. We achieved a higher material utilization rate and multilayered structure by combining the meniscus coating and transfer printing techniques. We then fabricated the QD-LEDs consisting of ITO/ZnO or ZnO:p-MeO-Phen blend (1st EIL)/2nd EIL/QD: polymer blend/polyvinylcarbazole (PVCz)/Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-N-(4-sec-butylphenyl)-diphenylamine) (TFB)/hole injection layer/Anode (Al or Ag). We compared the device performance of QD blended with PVCz and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). The thickness of the QD layer was controlled between 1 and 3 QD layers by repeating the meniscus coating and transfer printing. The work function of ZnO was reduced by p-MeO-Phen and the threshold voltage was reduced from 4.9 V to 2.95 V. The peak value of EQE was improved from 1.14% to 3.1% by insertion of Zr(acac)4 probably owing to the reduction of leakage current and exciton quenching.
Endoparasite of pupae of the chestnut transient moth
Authors: Borzykh O. , Bashchenko M. , Fedorenko A. , Fedorenko V. , Shita O. , Chaika V. 
Published: December 2024

Goal. To conduct a search for endoparasites of pupae of the chestnut transient moth in natural conditions, to determine their species composition, biological and ecological features.
Methods. Laboratories. Research was carried out during 2022—2023 in the pesticide application laboratory of the Institute of Plant Protection of the National Academy of Sciences. Collection of leaves was carried out in the Kyiv region (Obuhiv district) and the city of Kyiv (Gryshka botanical garden).
Results. In the course of the study, it was established that from 1.0 kg of collected fallen leaves of common bitter chestnut at the first location (Kyiv region, Obukhivskyi district), 1.676 chestnut moth pupae were removed, of which 57.8% were females, and 42.2% were males. A total of 1.544 butterflies flew out (92.2% of the total number). As for the pupae from which the imagos of the chestnut transient moth did not emerge, 3.4% were infected with the entopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiona V. (which usually affects the plants in which the pupae are located), and from the rest (4.4%) the imagoes of the endoparasite Pediobius saulius W. (females — 2.6%, males — 1.8%). At the second location (Gryshko Botanical Garden), 1.569 pupae were selected (females — 56.2%, males — 43.8%), from which 1.498 butterflies (95.5%) fledged as a result, and the remaining 1.7% are infected with the entopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiona V. — 2.8% are infected with the endoparasite Pediobius saulius W. (females — 1.5%, males — 1.3%). Therefore, Pediobius saulius W. is a natural regulator of chestnut transient moth populations.
Conclusions. According to the results of the calculations, per 1.0 kg of fallen leaves of common bitter chestnut, the average number of pupae of the chestnut transient moth was 1622.0 individuals, of which 57% were females and 43% were males. Infection of pupae with the entopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiona V. — 2.55%, and infection with the endoparasite Pediobius saulius W. — 3.6%. The edoparosite belonged to the species Pediobius saulius (Walker, 1839), and its emergence in laboratory conditions was 10 days ahead of the emergence of the imago of the chestnut transient moth.
مستـوى ممارسة القيـادة الابتكارية لدى مديـري مدارس التعليم الثانوي بمدينة بنغازي
Authors: السيد جاد المولى علي الفايديي إيمان , صالح سليمان المسماري دارين 
Published: December 2024

هدفت الدراسة الحالية التعرف على مستوى ممارسة القيادة الابتكارية لدى مديري المدارس الثانوية بمدينة بنغازي من وجهة نظر المعلمين والمعلمات، بالإضافة إلى التعرف على ما إذا كانت هناك فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في مستوى ممارسة القيادة الابتكارية لدى مديري المدارس الثانوية بمدينة بنغازي تُعزي متغيري (النوع الاجتماعي، والمؤهل العلمي)، والتعرف على ما إذا كانت هناك علاقة ارتباطية ذات دلالة إحصائية بين مستوى القيادة الابتكارية لدى مديري المدارس الثانوية بمدينة بنغازي من وجهة نظر المعلمين والمعلمات وسنوات خبرتهم المهنية، وتكًون مجتمع الدراسة من معلمين ومعلمات المدارس الثانوية بمدينة بنغازي البالغ عددهم (1400) معلم ومعلمة خلال العام الدراسي 2022 -2023، اختيرت منهم عينة عشوائية بسيطة بلغ حجمها (200) معلم ومعلمة. ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة استخدمت الباحثتان الاستبيان كوسيلة لجمع البيانات بعد أن تم التأكد من صدقه وثباته. ولتحليل البيانات اُستخدم برنامج (SPSS)، حيث استخدمت المتوسطات الحسابية والانحرافات المعيارية، والاختبار التائي (test-t)، وتحليل التباين الأحادي. وتوصلت الدراسة إلى أن: مستوى ممارسة القيادة الابتكارية لدى مديري المدارس الثانوية بمدينة بنغازي مرتفع، كما بينت النتائج عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية تعزى لمتغيري الدراسة (النوع الاجتماعي، والمؤهل العلمي)، فضلاً عن ذلك كشفت النتائج وجود علاقة ارتباطيه موجبه متوسطة بين مستوى القيادة الابتكارية وسنوات الخبرة المهنية لدى المعلمين والمعلمات في المدارس الثانوية بمدينة بنغازي.
Diversity in Hydrogen-rich Envelope Mass of Type II Supernovae. I. Plateau Phase Light-curve Modeling
Authors: Fang Qiliang , Maeda Keiichi , Ye Haonan , Moriya Takashi J. , Matsumoto Tatsuya 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We present a systematic study of Type II supernovae (SNe II) originating from progenitors with effective temperatures (T
eff) and luminosities closely resembling red supergiants (RSGs) observed in pre-supernova (SN) images and in the Galaxy. Using Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics, we compute a large grid of massive stars with T
eff ranging from 3200 to 3800 K at their RSG phases, with hydrogen envelopes artificially stripped to varying extents (3–10 M
⊙). The light curves of SNe IIP resulting from the explosions of these Galactic-RSG–like progenitors are modeled using STELLA. Our survey of the light curves reveals that partial stripping of the hydrogen envelope creates diversity in the magnitude and duration of SNe IIP light curves, without affecting the position of the RSG progenitor on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram. For these Galactic-RSG-like progenitor models, we establish an indicator based on the light-curve properties to estimate the hydrogen envelope mass. Additionally, we discuss the effects of material mixing and 56Ni heating. Applying our model grid to a large sample of approximately 100 observed SNe IIP reveals a considerably broader range of hydrogen-rich envelope masses than predicted by standard stellar wind models. This finding suggests that if SNe IIP are explosions of Galactic-like RSGs to explain the diversity in the observed light curves, a significant fraction of them must have experienced substantial mass loss beyond the standard mass-loss prescription prior to their explosions. This finding highlights the uncertainties involved in massive star evolution and the pre-SN mass-loss mechanism.
Bar Formation and Destruction in the FIRE-2 Simulations
Authors: Ansar Sioree , Pearson Sarah , Sanderson Robyn E. , Arora Arpit , Hopkins Philip F. , Wetzel Andrew , Cunningham Emily C. , Quinn Jamie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The physical mechanisms responsible for bar formation and destruction in galaxies remain a subject of debate. While we have gained valuable insight into how bars form and evolve from isolated idealized simulations, in the cosmological domain, galactic bars evolve in complex environments, with mergers and gas accretion events occurring in the presence of the turbulent interstellar medium with multiple star formation episodes, in addition to coupling with their host galaxies’ dark matter halos. We investigate the bar formation in 13 Milky Way–mass galaxies from the Feedback in Realistic Environments (FIRE-2) cosmological zoom-in simulations. 8 of the 13 simulated galaxies form bars at some point during their history: three from tidal interactions and five from internal evolution of the disk. The bars in FIRE-2 are generally shorter than the corotation radius (mean bar radius ∼1.53 kpc), have a wide range of pattern speeds (36–97 km s−1 kpc−1), and live for a wide range of dynamical times (2–160 bar rotations). We find that the bar formation in FIRE-2 galaxies is influenced by satellite interactions and the stellar-to-dark-matter mass ratio in the inner galaxy, but neither is a sufficient condition for bar formation. Bar formation is more likely to occur, with the bars formed being stronger and longer-lived, if the disks are kinematically cold; galaxies with high central gas fractions and/or vigorous star formation, on the other hand, tend to form weaker bars. In the case of the FIRE-2 galaxies, these properties combine to produce ellipsoidal bars with strengths A
2/A
0 ∼ 0.1–0.2.
Diffusion-HMC: Parameter Inference with Diffusion-model-driven Hamiltonian Monte Carlo
Authors: Mudur Nayantara , Cuesta-Lazaro Carolina , Finkbeiner Douglas P. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Diffusion generative models have excelled at diverse image generation and reconstruction tasks across fields. A less explored avenue is their application to discriminative tasks involving regression or classification problems. The cornerstone of modern cosmology is the ability to generate predictions for observed astrophysical fields from theory and constrain physical models from observations using these predictions. This work uses a single diffusion generative model to address these interlinked objectives—as a surrogate model or emulator for cold dark matter density fields conditional on input cosmological parameters, and as a parameter inference model that solves the inverse problem of constraining the cosmological parameters of an input field. The model is able to emulate fields with summary statistics consistent with those of the simulated target distribution. We then leverage the approximate likelihood of the diffusion generative model to derive tight constraints on cosmology by using the Hamiltonian Monte Carlo method to sample the posterior on cosmological parameters for a given test image. Finally, we demonstrate that this parameter inference approach is more robust to small perturbations of noise to the field than baseline parameter inference networks.
Instabilities along the Axis of the Heliospheric Jets
Authors: Ma Xiaohan , Opher Merav , Kornbleuth Marc , Toth Gabor 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The heliosphere is influenced by the interaction of neutral hydrogen atoms from the interstellar medium with protons in the heliosheath (HS). The confinement by the solar magnetic field of the HS plasma forms distinct north and south heliospheric jets. Previous global MHD simulations of the heliosphere reveal that instabilities can develop in the heliospheric jets and make them become unstable, giving rise to large-scale turbulence. In this study, we show that there is a low-speed region of solar wind in the HS that provides a precondition for instabilities to develop. The low-speed region is formed due to charge exchange and magnetic tension. This region allows sufficient time for the instabilities to develop and induces a shear flow inside the HS leading to the development of a Kelvin–Helmholtz (K-H) instability. The estimated growth timescale of the K-H instability based on the simulation results is around 5–7 yr. Understanding the development of the instabilities in the HS is crucial for comprehending the dynamic processes within the HS and the structure of the heliosphere.