bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-Vitro α-amylase, α-glucosidase Inhibitory Activities and In-Vivo Anti-Hyperglycemic Potential of Different Dosage Forms of Guduchi (Tinospora Cordifolia [Willd.] Miers) Prepared With Ayurvedic Bhavana Process
Authors: Sharma Rohit , Bolleddu Rajesh , Maji Jayanta K. , Ruknuddin Galib , Prajapati Pradeep K. 
Published: May 2021

Guduchi(Tinospora cordifolia[Willd.] Miers) is a flagship rejuvenating herb of Ayurveda with reported anti-diabetic potential. In the present study, different dosage forms ofGuduchistem (growing on neem tree) were developed by adopting Ayurvedic pharmaceutical process ofBhavana(levigation).Guduchi Churna(GC) was subjected to 07 timesBhavanaseparately with its own extracted juice, decoction and potable water, and dosage forms namelySvarasa Bhavita Guduchi Churna(SBGC),Kwatha Bhavita Guduchi Churna(KBGC), andJala Bhavita Guduchi Churna(JBGC) were prepared. The present study was aimed to evaluate the role ofBhavanaon the potentiation of therapeutic properties ofGuduchi. Sequential solvent extracts (5, 10, 15 and 25%) of GC, SBGC, KBGC and JBGC were prepared in different solvents [phosphate buffer, hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), chloroform] and screened for theα-amylase andα-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The results revealed that phosphate buffer and DCM extracts of SBGC exhibited strongα-amylase inhibitory potential (&gt;80% inhibition at 25% concentration) followed by KBGC, JBGC and GC with reference to the standard acarbose. Inα-glucosidase inhibitory activity, maximum inhibition was observed in DCM and chloroform extracts of SBGC (&gt;85% inhibition at 25% concentration), followed by KBGC (&gt;80% inhibition at 25% concentration), JBGC and GC.In vivoanti-hyperglycemic studies were carried out by oral glucose tolerance test in Swiss albino mice. Test drugs (JBGC, KBGC, SBGC) treated groups showed marginal decrease of blood glucose levels in normo glycemic mice. However, the blood glucose level in test drug JBGC, KBGC and SBGC treated groups was still within normal range in overnight fasted mice. In oral glucose tolerance test, among all dosage forms SBGC (51.08%) produced pronounced anti-hyperglycemic effect followed by KBGC (42.57%) at a dose of 520 mg/kg. The GC, JBGC, KBGC and SBGC samples were also standardized using berberine (a well established anti-diabetic compound) as a marker compound by HPTLC fingerprint analysis. Findings of the present study indicate that SBGC and KBGC can be used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and gives supporting evidence to Ayurvedic claims that theBhavanaprocess has pharmaceutico-therapeutic significance in Ayurvedic drug development.
A Systematic Review on Comparative Analysis, Toxicology, and Pharmacology of Medicinal Plants Against Haemonchus contortus
Authors: Ali Rehman , Rooman Muhammad , Mussarat Sakina , Norin Sadia , Ali Shandana , Adnan Muhammad , Khan Shahid Niaz 
Published: May 2021

Background:Haemonchus contortus is an important pathogenic nematode parasite and major economic constraint of small ruminants in tropics and subtropics regions. This review is an attempt to systematically address the; (a) efficacy of different plants against H. contortus by in vitro and in vivo proof; (b) toxicology, mechanism of action, and active phyto-compounds involve in anti-haemonchiasis activity; (c) and comparative analysis of plant species evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Online databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect) were searched and published research articles (1980–2020) were gathered and reviewed. Results: A total of 187 plant species were reported belonging to 59 families and 145 genera with Asteraceae and Fabaceae being frequently used. Out of the total plant species, 171 species were found to be evaluated in vitro and only 40 species in vivo. Twenty-four species were commonly evaluated for in vitro and in vivo anti-haemonchiasis activity. Among the reported assays, egg hatching test (EHT) and fecal egg count reduction (FECR) were the most widely used assays in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Moreover, sheep were the frequently used experimental model in vivo. After comparative analysis, Lachesiodendron viridiflorum, Corymbia citriodora, Calotropis procera, and Artemisia herba-alba were found highly effective both in vitro and in vivo. L. viridiflorum inhibited enzymatic activities and metabolic processes of the parasite and was found to be safe without toxic effects. C. citriodora was moderately toxic in vivo, however, the plant extract produced promising nematicidal effects by causing muscular disorganization and changes in the mitochondrial profile. Additionally, C. procera and A. herba-alba despite of their high anti-haemonchiasis activity were found to be highly toxic at the tested concentrations. C. procera caused perforation and tegumental disorganization along with adult worm paralysis. Nineteen compounds were reported, among which anethole and carvone completely inhibited egg hatching in vitro and significantly reduced fecal egg count, decreased male length, and reproductive capacity of female in vivo. Conclusion: This review summarized different medicinal plants owing to nematicidal activities against H. contortus eggs, larvae, and adult worms. Plants like L. viridiflorum, C. citriodora, C. procera, and A. herba-alba, while compounds anethole and carvone having promising nematicidal activities and could be an alternative source for developing novel drugs after further investigation.
Comparative Efficacy of Oral Chinese Patent Medicine for Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome With Sexual Dysfunction: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Zhang Yang , Ma Hongzhao , Nan Tao , Li Yongqiang , Zheng Wei , Zhou Zhihui , Gong Xiaoyong 
Published: May 2021

Background: Oral Chinese patent medicine (OCPM) combined with western medicine (WM) are believed to be effective for the therapy of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) with sexual dysfunction (SD). These western medicines mainly involve antibiotics, phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor (PDE-5i), α-blockers. But there is no randomized controlled trial (RCT) that directly compares the efficacy of different OCPM. Hence, we operated a network meta-analysis (NMA) to contrast the efficacy of different OCPM for CP/CPPS with SD.Methods: Relevant studies were searched in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP), and Wanfang database. All of the RCTs concentrated on the use of OCPM to cure CP/CPPS with SD from the inception of the databases to November 2020. We appraised the risk of bias under the Cochrane Handbook and CONSORT statement. The data were statistically analyzed via STATA 13.0 and WinBUGS 1.4.3 instrument.Results: Altogether, 30 pieces of literature with 2,996 participants containing 11 oral Chinese patent medicine and 11 interventions were included in the NMA. In terms of The National Institutes of Health chronic prostatitis symptom index (NIH-CPSI), Qianlie Shutong Capsules (QLSTC) + WM had the most possible of being the optimal treatment. In the light of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5), Congrong Yishen Granules (CRYSG) + WM had the most possible of being the optimal treatment. Shugan Yiyang Capsules (SGYYC) + WM performed the highest likelihood efficacy under cluster rank graph combined NIH-CPSI and IIEF-5. Liuwei Dihuang Pills/Yougui capsules (LWDHP/YGC) + WM had highly possible to be the optimal treatment not only for the clinical effective rate of CP/CPPS but also for the clinical effective rate of SD. Considering four outcomes, QLSTC, CRYSG, SGYYC, LWDHP/YGC, Qianlie Beixi Capsules (QLBXC) plus WM were the best therapy approach for CP/CPPS with SD, especially LWDHP/YGC + WM and QLBXC + WM.Conclusion: Based on the NMA, QLSTC, CRYSG, SGYYC, LWDHP/YGC, QLBXC plus WM demonstrated the maximum probability of being the optimal therapies. Owing to the limitations of this research, these results should be confirmed by elaborate RCTs.Systematic Review Registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/], identifier [CRD42021224060].
A Systematic Review of Non-pharmacological Strategies to Reduce the Risk of Violence in Patients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders in Forensic Settings
Authors: Slamanig Rudolf , Reisegger Andreas , Winkler Hildegard , de Girolamo Giovanni , Carrà Giuseppe , Crocamo Cristina , Fangerau Heiner , Markiewicz Inga , Heitzman Janusz , Salize Hans Joachim , Picchioni Marco , Wancata Johannes 
Published: May 2021

Background: The purpose of this systematic review is to systematically investigate which non-pharmacological interventions are effective in reducing violence risk among patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) in forensic settings.Methods: Six electronic data bases were searched. Two researchers independently screened 6,003 abstracts resulting in 143 potential papers. These were analyzed in detail by two independent researchers yielding 10 articles that could be used.Results: Of the 10 articles, four were non-randomized controlled trials, three were pre-post studies without controls, and one was observational. Only two studies applied a randomized controlled trial design. Cognitive behavioral treatment programs were investigated in three studies. A broad range of other interventions were studied. Often outcome measures were specific to each study and sample sizes were small. Frequently, important methodological information was missing from the papers. It was not possible to carry out a meta-analysis due to the heterogeneity of the study designs and outcome measures.Conclusion: Because of methodological limitations it is difficult to draw firm conclusions about the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions to reduce the risk of violence in patents with SSD in forensic psychiatry settings. Studies applying better methods in terms of study design, sample sizes and outcome measures are urgently needed.
Couple Relationships Are Associated With Increased REM Sleep—A Proof-of-Concept Analysis of a Large Dataset Using Ambulatory Polysomnography
Authors: Drews Henning Johannes , Drews Annika 
Published: May 2021

Background/Objectives:Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep is associated with memory consolidation and several health effects including stress response, mental health, and longevity. Recently, it has been shown that regularly co-sleeping couples have increased and stabilized REM sleep when co-sleeping as compared to sleeping individually. However, it remained unclear whether this is due to a specific effect of altering the usual sleeping environment by partner deprivation or due to a generalizable REM-sleep promoting effect of couple relationships. The present study aims to clarify this ambiguity.Methods:Married or never married individuals were taken from the Sleep Heart Health Study (n= 5,804) and matched regarding sociodemographic and health parameters. Matching was done using propensity score matching (1:1, nearest neighbor) and resulted in two groups ofn= 69 each (married vs. never married). After confirmation of successful matching, samples were compared regarding REM sleep and other polysomnographic parameters (paired Studentst-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests).Results:Married individuals showed significantly higher levels of total and relative REM sleep as compared to never married individuals (allp's ≤ 0.003). Neither other sleep stages nor REM-sleep fragmentation differed between groups (allp's ≥ 0.29). Results regarding number of sleep cycles were ambiguous.Conclusion:This is the first between-subjects study to show that couple relationships are associated with increased REM sleep. This finding represents a necessary (but not sufficient) condition for the previously hypothesized self-enhancing feedback loop of REM sleep and sociality as well as for REM-sleep promotion as a mechanism through which couple relationships prevent mental illness.
Practicing Social Isolation During a Pandemic in Brazil: A Description of Psychosocial Characteristics and Traits of Personality During COVID-19 Lockout
Authors: Zanini Daniela Sacramento , Peixoto Evandro Morais , Andrade Josemberg Moura de , Tramonte Lucia 
Published: May 2021

The experience of the pandemic caused by the Coronavirus and the consequent disease triggered by it (COVID-19) brought to light fragilities that have been long overlooked by the scientific community and by various political and social institutions. The pandemic also brought to the fore certain social practices resulting from individual behaviors, such as wearing a mask and practicing social isolation. It demonstrated the need for social commitment and pro-social behaviors if societies are to respond successfully. The purpose of this article is to evaluate psychological and sociodemographic characteristics associated with compliance or noncompliance of individuals with these practices in two different phases of the pandemic experience in Brazil: in the first month and after three months. Participants for the first phase of the study were recruited through advertisements in the media and social networks. 1,914 individuals aged between 14 and 81 years agreed to participate, 78.2% of these were women, from 25 Federative Units in Brazil. In the second phase, 761 individuals who participated in the first phase, were reassessed. The authors used the following instruments for data collection: a standardized questionnaire collecting information of sociodemographic characteristics and dynamics of social isolation; the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale; the Life Satisfaction Scale; the Positive and Negative Affections Scale; and the Reduced Personality Markers and Stress Mindset Scale. All instruments used presented evidence of validity and adequate reliability indexes. The comparison of categorical exploratory variables with motives for following social isolation protocols was performed using Pearson’s Chi-square, and the comparison of continuous exploratory variables was performed using the Mann-Whitney test. Covariance Analysis was performed using as covariates those that showed significance/effect on isolation in previous analyses. The results showed that respondents practicing social isolation to comply with governmental recommendations had lower scores on the scales of neuroticism and conscientiousness. They reported also less stress, anxiety, and depression, and less general distress. Overall, these respondents also displayed more positive affect, and tended to reframe stress in a more positive way than others. These preliminary results describe the psychological characteristics of individuals and their associations with social behaviors in a period of collective stress and high social risk.
Hot Deformation Behavior and Processing Maps of a New Ti-6Al-2Nb-2Zr-0.4B Titanium Alloy
Authors: Yang Zhijun , Yu Weixin , Lang Shaoting , Wei Junyi , Wang Guanglong , Ding Peng 
Published: May 2021

The hot deformation behaviors of a new Ti-6Al-2Nb-2Zr-0.4B titanium alloy in the strain rate range 0.01–10.0 s−1 and temperature range 850–1060 °C were evaluated using hot compressing testing on a Gleeble-3800 simulator at 60% of deformation degree. The flow stress characteristics of the alloy were analyzed according to the true stress–strain curve. The constitutive equation was established to describe the change of deformation temperature and flow stress with strain rate. The thermal deformation activation energy Q was equal to 551.7 kJ/mol. The constitutive equation was ε ˙=e54.41[sinh (0.01σ)]2.35exp(−551.7/RT). On the basis of the dynamic material model and the instability criterion, the processing maps were established at the strain of 0.5. The experimental results revealed that in the (α + β) region deformation, the power dissipation rate reached 53% in the range of 0.01–0.05 s−1 and temperature range of 920–980 °C, and the deformation mechanism was dynamic recovery. In the β region deformation, the power dissipation rate reached 48% in the range of 0.01–0.1 s−1 and temperature range of 1010–1040 °C, and the deformation mechanism involved dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization.
In Vitro Activity of Several Essential Oils Extracted from Aromatic Plants against Ascosphaera apis
Authors: Pusceddu Michelina , Floris Ignazio , Mangia Nicoletta P. , Angioni Alberto , Satta Alberto 
Published: May 2021

The use of natural substances such as essentials oils against bee pathogens is of great interest as an alternative to traditional methods based on synthetic compounds like antibiotics and fungicides, in order to minimize the risk of having toxic residues in hive products and to prevent the development of resistance phenomena. This study evaluated the inhibitory, fungicidal and sporicidal activity of ten essential oils extracted from aromatic plants against Ascosphaera apis, the etiological agent of chalkbrood, an invasive honey bee mycosis. The most effective essential oils were Thymus herba-barona, Thymus capitatus and Cinnamomum zeylanicum, which showed values of minimum fungicidal concentration and minimum sporicidal concentration ranging from 200 to 400 ppm. Carvacrol was the main component of Thymus capitatus and Thymus herba-barona oils, whereas cinnamic aldehyde prevailed in Cinnamomum zeylanicum oil. Further in-apiary studies will allow the evaluation of side effects on bees and residues in hive products.
La “excritura” con el cuerpo: el erotismo como transgresión
Authors: Concha López Teresa 
Published: May 2021

La tradición metafísica se caracteriza por otorgarle una primacía a “lo racional” por sobre “lo sensible”. El primer elemento es universal y necesario, mientras que lo sensible es lo contingente y mutable, por tanto perecedero. En este pensamiento erigido a partir de binomios conceptuales tales como naturaleza-cultura, pathos y logos, sensibilidad-entendimiento, cuerpo-alma, mujer-hombre, reina la actividad por sobre la pasividad. A partir de tales escisiones proponemos relacionar dos de esas oposiciones: 1.cuerpo- alma y 2.mujer –hombre con la acción de escribir ¿Está la escritura determinada por el sexo? Si se escribe “con el cuerpo”, ¿es siempre desde un cuerpo sexuado? Por otra parte, nos interesa rescatar algunas ideas del pensamiento de Bataille y de Jean-Luc Nancy a fin de preguntar acerca de lo que Nelly Richard llama la “feminización de la escritura” que estaría dada por cierta fuerza de subjetivación que va más allá de la diferencia sexual. Por último, proponemos que el cuerpo y la escritura formarían una unidad inescindible, si se piensan en los términos de Bataille (Erotismo) o Jean-Luc Nancy (“excritura”).
Analisis Persepsi Keseriusan dan Manfaat Berperilaku dengan Praktik Pencegahan COVID-19
Authors: Rusyani Yelli Yani , Trisnowati Heni , Soekardi Rodiyah , Susanto Nugroho , Agustin Helfi 
Published: May 2021

Corona virus 19 (COVID-19) menjadi permasalahan di semua belahan dunia. Keyakinan individu tentang ancaman COVID-19 dan manfaat berperilaku sehat dapat mempengaruhi praktiknya dalam mencegah COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara persepsi keseriusan dan manfaat berperilaku dengan praktik hidup sehat yang dapat mencegah individu dari infeksi COVID-19. Penelitian dilaksanakan di D.I. Yogyakarta menggunakan rancangan penelitian cross sectional study. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan google form melalui media sosial. Teknik sampel concecutive dan snowball yang diambil dari tanggal 30 Juni – 8 Juli 2020. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 122. Kriteria inklusi yaitu berusia 15-65 tahun, memiliki handphone dengan aplikasi Whatsapp dan bersedia mengisi google form. Analisis data dengan uji chi square pada tingkat kepercayaan penelitian confidence interval 95% (α = 0,05). Lebih dari separuh (62.2%) responden memiliki persepsi keseriusan positif dan sebagian besar (86.1%) memiliki persepsi manfaat positif. Hanya separuh (50.8%) responden memiliki perilaku pencegahan baik. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara persepsi keseriusan pencegahan COVID-19 dengan perilaku pencegahan p = 0.816 (p>0.05). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara persepsi manfaat pencegahan dengan perilaku pencegahan COVID-19 p = 0,049. Penelitian ini tidak dapat membuktikan teori health belief model bahwa individu yang merasa terancam terhadap suatu penyakit, akan mempraktikkan perilaku pencegahan. Hal ini diduga karena adanya faktor x misalnya faktor desakan ekonomi.
Analisis Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Ketepatan Imunisasi Dasar pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19 di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kotabumi II Selatan Kabupaten Lampung Utara Tahun 2020
Authors: Kartini Dwi , Sari Fitri Eka , Aryastuti Nurul 
Published: May 2021

Latar Belakang: Imunisasi adalah cara untuk mencegah agar anak terhindar dari cacat atau penyakit yang mematikan dengan biaya efektif. Data provinsi Lampung menurut Riskesdas Imunisasi HB 0 dengan capaian 84,85%, BCG dengan capaian 90,66%, DPTHB/DPT- HB-Hib 1 72,04%, DPTHB/DPT- HB-Hib 2 71,21%, DPTHB/DPT- HB-Hib 2 70,11%, Campak 82,99%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah diketahui Analisis Faktor Yang Beruhubungan Dengan Ketepatan Imunisasi Dasar Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kotabumi II Selatan Lampung Utara Tahun 2020.Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif, rancangan cross sectional. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu yang memiliki balita di Puskesmas Kotabumi II, dan objek pada penelitian ini adalah ketepatan imunisasi dasar. Penelitian akan dilakukan pada setelah proposal disetujui tempat penelitian dilakukan Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kotabumi II Selatan Lampung Utara Tahun 2020. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan lembar observasi dan kuesioner. analisis data secara univariat dan bivariat (Chi Square)Hasil: Hasil penelitian 73 responden sebagian besar memiliki pengetahuan baik sebanyak 42 (57,5%) responden, sebagian besar responden memiliki sikap positif sebanyak 31 (42,5%), sebagian besar responden dengan norma positif sebanyak 41 (67,5%), sebagian besar responden dengan pengendalian perilaku positif sebanyak 39 (53,4%), sebagian besar responden dengan pelaksanaan imunisasi dengan tepat sebanyak 50 (68,5%). Ada hubungan pengetahuan (p-value 0,016 OR 3,984), sikap (p-value 0,002 OR 6,400), norma (p-value 0,001 OR 6,611), dan pengendalian perilaku (persepsi) ibu dengan ketepatan imunisasi dasar di Puskesmas Kotabumi II Selatan Lampung Utara Tahun 2020 (p-value 0,016 OR 4,063). Saran untuk meningkatkan mutu pelayanan pada ibu untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan secara optimal untuk mengurangi risiko yang disebabkan oleh tidak dilakukannya imunisasi dasar lengkap.
PENGARUH AUDIOVISUAL TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN KEPALA KELUARGA DALAM MELAKSANAKAN CUCI TANGAN PAKAI SABUN (AUDIOVISUAL EFFECT ON KNOWLEDGE IMPROVEMENT OF FAMILY HEADS IN IMPLEMENTING HAND WASHING WITH SOAP)
Authors: Tambunan Yansen parlaungan , Maryen Yehud , Mobalen Oktovina , Situmorang Panel 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Hand washing with soap with running water is the most cost-effective way to protect us from infectious diseases.
Objective: To analyze the effect of the audiovisual method intervention on improvement the knowledge of family heads implementing hand washing with soap in the city of Sorong.
Methods: This type of research is a quantitative study with a quasi experimental design research type with the design used is time series design. There are 30 of family heads in RT 03/RW 05 of Klasaman sub-district, Sorong city as respondent in this research.
Results: The study showed that there was an effect of using the audiovisual method hand washing with soap (CTPS) on knowledge improvement of family heads in the city of Sorong with the sig. value (2 tailed) was 0.000 <0.05, which means there was a difference in the knowledge of the pre-test and post-test of family heads treatment group.
Conclusion: Can be used as learning tools in providing information and education to the community, especially family heads so as to improvement knowledge to carry out hand washing with soap with running water.