bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When a rare condition creates a scientific society: The history of the International Society for Placenta Accreta Spectrum (IS‐PAS)
Authors: Chantraine Frederic , Stefanovic Vedran , Braun Thorsten , Calda Pavel , Martinelli Pasquale , Collins Sally L. ,   the IS‐PAS group
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlmost 10 years ago, clinicians at multiple locations all over Europe observed an increased number of antenatally undiagnosed cases of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) resulting in significant morbidity and the occasional maternal death. Even with an improvement in antenatal imaging, the management of severe PAS remains challenging. One solution to improve understanding in rare but potentially lethal conditions is international collaboration. Consequently, a European working group was formed, which over the next few years grew into an international society, the IS‐PAS. The collective goals are to develop a large shared database of cases, generate high‐quality research into all aspects of PAS, and improve education of both healthcare professionals and patients. The first results of this collaboration are presented within this supplement.
In defence of person‐affecting procreative beneficence
Authors: Magni Sergio Filippo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper deals with the proposal of a person‐affecting version of the principle of Procreative Beneficence. Such a principle has been stated by Savulescu & Kahane in an impersonal form and balanced with a person‐affecting principle of harm to address the moral problem of the selection of future children. The paper aims to show some differences between Person‐affecting Procreative Beneficence and Savulescu & Kahane’s hybrid position, and to distinguish the former from other pro‐selection perspectives. Moreover, it explores the extension of such a principle beyond selection to other issues of reproductive ethics.
Budget practices in Canada's K‐12 education sector: Incremental, performance, or productivity budgeting?
Authors: Ortynsky Stephanie , Marshall Jim , Mou Haizhen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article reports on a first‐ever survey of budgeting practices regarding the public K‐12 education sector in Canada. We interviewed budget officers in 12 of the 13 Canadian provinces and territories. It finds that most jurisdictions construct budgets using incremental approaches and are not allowing for a potential of $5.4 billion in annual productivity gains. We discuss three budgeting approaches for governments to consider: incremental budgeting, performance‐based budgeting, and productivity budgeting. We argue for productivity budgeting because it improves cost‐efficiency, allows productivity gains to be captured at the centre, and is more feasible than performance‐based budgeting.
Employee perception of inclusivity and organizational performance: The case of the Ontario public service
Authors: Ohemeng Frank L. K. , McGrandle Jocelyn 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInclusion has moved to the forefront of human resource management in both public and private sector organizations around the world. A fractured research literature has arisen from a succession of diversity policies, contradictory findings, competing goals, contested definitions, and varying institutional factors and organizational cultures. This article seeks to examine the level of inclusion and the connection between inclusion and effort in the Ontario Public Service (OPS). Our findings show that increased feelings of inclusion are positively related with employee efforts in their job.
The roles and regulation of the KLF5 transcription factor in cancers
Authors: Luo Yao , Chen Ceshi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractKrüppel‐like factor 5 (KLF5) is a member of the KLF family. Recent studies have suggested that KLF5 regulates the expression of a large number of new target genes and participates in diverse cellular functions, such as stemness, proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and migration. In response to multiple signaling pathways, various transcriptional modulation and posttranslational modifications affect the expression level and activity of KLF5. Several transgenic mouse models have revealed the physiological and pathological functions of KLF5 in different cancers. Studies of KLF5 will provide prognostic biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and potential drugs for cancers.
Preliminary evaluation of the Chinese version of the Baby Eating Behaviour Questionnaire
Authors: Zhang Hao , Yang Xianjun , Xu Tong , Yuan Jing , Zhang Yuhai , Wan Yi , Jiang Xun , Shang Lei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study was conducted to develop a Chinese version of the Baby Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (BEBQ) and to evaluate its reliability and validity.MethodsThe Chinese version of the BEBQ was developed by translation and back‐translation of the original BEBQ, followed by revision according to experts on the most appropriate item content. Mothers of 300 infants aged <12 months were recruited for survey participation from the paediatric outpatient departments of two large general hospitals in Xi'an, China. Fifty of the mothers were selected randomly for retesting after 2 weeks. Face‐to‐face surveys included explanation of the process, administration of the Chinese version of the BEBQ with regard to the exclusive breast‐feeding period, and demographic data collection. The reliability, validity and discrimination of the questionnaire were evaluated through correlation coefficient calculation, factor analysis, parallel analysis and other methods.ResultsThe Chinese version of the BEBQ consists of 15 items in four dimensions (food responsiveness, enjoyment of food, slowness in eating and satiety responsiveness). The cumulative variance contribution rate was 58.4%, the Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.93, the Guttman split‐half reliability coefficient was 0.87 and the test–retest reliability coefficient was 0.75. The satiety responsiveness and food responsiveness scores differed significantly according to gestational age at birth, infant sex and average monthly weight gain (all P < 0.05). The enjoyment of food score differed significantly according to average monthly weight gain (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe Chinese version of the BEBQ showed good reliability and validity and can be used to evaluate infants' appetite through the assessment of eating behaviour.
A clinical review and history of pubic lice
Authors: Patel P. U. , Tan A. , Levell N. J. 
Published: April 2021

Summary
The ectoparasite Pthirus pubis (PtP), commonly known as the crab or pubic louse, has plagued primates from prehistoric apes to Homo sapiens. We combed the literature from antiquity to the present day, reviewing the pubic louse’s origins, its evolution with mankind, and its presentation and management. MEDLINE and EMBASE provided the greatest yield of literature compared with other databases. Estimates for PtP incidence range from 0.3% to 4.6% and for prevalence around 2% in adults. War, disasters and overcrowding support lice transmission, but modern pubic hair grooming has reduced the incidence of PtP in recent years. PtP, is usually found on pubic hair, but may infest scalp and body hair, eyebrows and eyelashes. Reports suggest the possibility of PtP as a vector for Bartonella spp. and Acinetobacter spp., which require further study. Transmission of PtP is via close contact, so sexual abuse and concomitant sexually transmitted infections should be considered. Symptoms and signs of infestation include pruritus, red papules and rust/brown deposits from feeding or faecal matter. Visualization of live lice confirms the diagnosis. Traditional treatments include hand-picking and combing, but in modern times pediculicidal products may generate faster resolution. Permethrin or pyrethrins are the first-line recommendations. Resistance to pediculicides is common with head lice and is presumed likely with PtP, although data are lacking. Pseudoresistance occurs as a result of poor compliance, incorrect or ineffective dosing, and reinfestation. In true resistance, a different pediculicide class should be used, e.g. second-line agents such as phenothrin, malathion or ivermectin. Lice have existed long before humans and given their adaptability, despite habitat challenges from fashion trends in body hair removal, are likely to continue to survive.
Utility of intraoperative frozen sections of thyroid tissue in the age of molecular testing
Authors: Marshall Ryan , Alexander David , Fleming Jason , Grayson Jessica , Peters Glenn , Buczek Erin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesOur study aims to examine the correlation between preoperative ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration and intraoperative frozen section and examine the clinical benefit of frozen section in the context of the latest national guidelines on the management of differentiated thyroid cancer.Study DesignA retrospective review of thyroid frozen section from 2012 to2017 at one institution.SettingTertiary care centre.Participants/Main OutcomePatient demographics, fine‐needle aspiration results, molecular testing results, frozen section diagnosis (classified as benign, indeterminate, or malignant), final pathologic diagnosis, initial planned surgery, actual surgery performed, need for additional surgery and complications were recorded. Complications included hematoma formation, hypocalcaemia (requiring readmission, symptomatic, or >24‐hour stay post op) and recurrent or superior laryngeal nerve damage.Results728 total patients had an intraoperative frozen section performed. A Thy 4/Bethesda V USGFNA diagnosis (n = 55) significantly correlated with a clinically important intraoperative frozen section (n = 17, P < .01). Intraoperative management was changed by the frozen section 53 times (7.2%). Molecular testing was sent on 92 USGFNA specimens, 80 of which were deemed "suspicious." Of the 49 patients whose management was upstaged intraoperatively, 29 (59%) would not necessitate a completion thyroidectomy under the latest UK and ATA guidelines based on final pathology.ConclusionIntraoperative frozen sections rarely alter the pre‐surgical plan and indeed may result in expanded surgery that could have been avoided based on latest UK and US guidelines. Molecular testing of indeterminate fine‐needle aspiration results does not appear to predict meaningful intraoperative frozen section results.
Intended and unintended consequences of wolf restoration to Yellowstone and Isle Royale National Parks
Authors: Smith Douglas W. , Peterson Rolf O. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWolves (Canis lupus), a once widely distributed species, were systematically removed from many temperate zone ecosystems due to conflicts with humans. A change in human attitudes and cultural norms has brought about a recovery in some suitable areas, yet reintroductions are still controversial. Two notable reintroduction areas in the United States were Yellowstone and Isle Royale National Parks. Both proposals caused polarization and debate. In Yellowstone opposition focused on outside the park effects, mainly wolves killing livestock and wild game also desired by human hunters. At Isle Royale, opposition was mostly about human interventions into nature and impairment of wilderness values contrary to the spirit of 1964 Wilderness Act. Both locations had periods in the 20th century with and without wolves and the presence of wolves had a dampening effect on ungulate population fluctuations. Most outcomes of reintroduction at Yellowstone were predicted as the Environmental Impact Statement written beforehand correctly predicted 78% of the 51 outcomes that were examined. Wolves were too recently reintroduced to Isle Royale to make similar comparisons, but we conclude that intervention is not contrary to the Wilderness Act, nor author Howard Zahniser's vision, partially because wolf reintroduction was a mitigation for human actions. Also, not intervening, or inaction, often perceived as safer, would have had more damaging impacts to ecosystem functioning.
Regional dynamics and the future of Middle East strategic alliance
Authors: Oztig Lacin Idil 
Published: April 2021

AbstractParticularly after the Arab Spring protests, the Middle East has witnessed an escalation of regional rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia perpetuated by a Sunni‐Shiite divide that has manifested itself in political landscapes in Iraq, Bahrain, and proxy wars in Yemen and Syria. When US President Donald Trump visited Saudi Arabia in 2017, he recommended the establishment of the Middle East Strategic Alliance (MESA) that would act as a bulwark against Iran's regional ambitions. Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, Oman, Jordan, and Egypt were designated as prospective MESA member states. This article discusses MESA by evaluating the dynamics that create a permissive environment for its establishment and numerous hurdles to the formation of a new security organization in the region.
Health, time, and space constraints: The drawn‐out story of Syrian transient itinerants seeking asylum in Greece
Authors: Cohen Ronen A. , Piñeiro F. Aitana 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe effective provision of healthcare for asylum seekers is not only a concern for Syrians in Greece but also goes to the heart of European refugee policy. Through secondary data analysis, this article examines how underlying deficiencies in European asylum policies in Greece have translated into challenging life conditions and healthcare barriers for Syrian asylum claimants in Greece. While time and space have been two dimensions that directly constrain the lives of Syrian asylum seekers, the imbalance of care among different healthcare providers has also led to healthcare constraints. The imbalance of care arising from an abundance of uncoordinated functionaries managing the migrants’ healthcare has caused tensions and confusion in healthcare deployment. This article argues that it is more appropriate to refer to Syrian asylum seekers in Greece as Syrian transient itinerants seeking asylum. The aim of the new term is to make the invisible visible—that is, to highlight the fact that the protection of Syrian asylum seekers is not always fully guaranteed in Greece.
The real effects of banks' corporate credit supply: A literature review
Authors: Güler Ozan , Mariathasan Mike , Mulier Klaas , Okatan Nejat G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this article, we review the rapidly growing literature on the real effects of banks' corporate credit supply. We cover recent methodological advances and provide an in‐depth survey of the existing evidence. The literature consistently shows that credit supply contractions lead to adverse real outcomes, but economic magnitudes vary across samples and identification strategies. This variation has become smaller in more recent work, using highly granular data. We further document heterogeneity in firm outcomes and show that the evidence is more ambiguous for expansionary shocks. Our analysis allows us to identify current knowledge gaps and worthwhile avenues for future research.
The identification of predominant auditory steady‐state response brain sources in electroencephalography using denoising source separation
Authors: Granados Barbero Raúl , De Vos Astrid , Wouters Jan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDifferent approaches have been used to extract auditory steady‐state responses (ASSRs) from electroencephalography (EEG) recordings, including region‐related electrode configurations (electrode level) and the manual placement of equivalent current dipoles (source level). Inherent limitations of these approaches are the assumption of the anatomical origin and the omission of activity generated by secondary sources. Data‐driven methods such as independent component analysis (ICA) seem to avoid these limitations but only to face new others such as the presence of ASSRs with similar properties in different components and the manual selection protocol to select and classify the most relevant components carrying ASSRs. We propose the novel approach of applying a spatial filter to these components in order to extract the most relevant information. We aimed to develop a method based on the reproducibility across trials that performs reliably in low‐signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) scenarios using denoising source separation (DSS). DSS combined with ICA successfully reduced the number of components and extracted the most relevant ASSR at 4, 10 and 20 Hz stimulation in group and individual level studies of EEG adolescent data. The anatomical brain location for these low stimulation frequencies showed results in cortical areas with relatively small dispersion. However, for 40 and 80 Hz, results with regard to the number of components and the anatomical origin were less clear. At all stimulation frequencies the outcome measures were consistent with literature, and the partial rejection of inter‐subject variability led to more accurate results and higher SNRs. These findings are promising for future applications in group comparison involving pathologies.
Assessing new sensor‐based volume measurement methods for high‐throughput bulk density estimation in the field under various soil conditions
Authors: Coulouma Guillaume , Feurer Denis , Vinatier Fabrice , Huttel Olivier 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSoil bulk density (BD) is a key soil property in soil science. BD is measured at the scale of the soil horizon with conventional methods: core sampling and rubber balloon. Regardless of the method, BD measurement in the field is cumbersome and time consuming, especially in stony soils, and new, less invasive methods have emerged, but their measurement quality needs to be compared with conventional methods. The photogrammetric technique (SfM) consists of the reconstruction of a given scene in 3D from multi‐view photographs. The aim of the present work is to assess the SfM as a rapid, accurate method of measuring the volume of undisturbed soil for BD measurements, regardless of the soil depth and stone content. Ten soil horizons were investigated from various types of soils with different soil properties, especially texture (10 to 48% of clay) and stone content (0 to 73%). The bulk density of each horizon was measured with a reference method (core sampling), an excavation method (rubber balloon) and two recently developed sensor‐based methods: SfM and a lightweight flash LiDar. For the sensor‐based methods, an automated post‐processing method was developed to reduce the human operating time. The BDs measured from the SfM were significantly similar to those measured from core sampling. At this stage, the lightweight flash LiDar is not sufficient to measure the BD with high accuracy. Finally, we recommend the use of SfM to measure BD regarding its robustness in varying soil conditions, especially stony soils, and we discuss the potential of the method regarding the recent advances in its field use with smartphones.Highlights
Soil bulk density (BD) is a key soil property in soil science
The photogrammetric technique and flash Lidar were applied to measure BD in the field
The photogrammetric technique and flash Lidar were compared to classical methods
The flash lidar is not sufficient to measure the BD with high accuracy
The photogrammetric technique is recommended especially in stony soils
Spatial variability of soil respiration (Rs) and its controls are subjected to strong seasonality in an even‐aged European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stand
Authors: Hereș Ana‐Maria , Bragă Cosmin , Petritan Any Mary , Petritan Ion Catalin , Curiel Yuste Jorge 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUncertainties arising from the so‐far poorly explained spatial variability of soil respiration (Rs) remain large. This is partly due to the limited understanding about how spatially variable Rs actually is, but also on how environmental controls determine Rs's spatial variability and how these controls vary in time (e.g., seasonally). Our study was designed to look more deeply into the complexity of Rs's spatial variability in a European beech even‐aged stand, covering both phenologically and climatically contrasting periods (spring, summer, autumn and winter). Although we studied a relatively homogeneous stand, we found a large spatial variability of Rs (coefficients of variation > 30%) characterized by strong seasonality. This large spatial variability of Rs suggests that even in relatively homogeneous stands there is a large potential source of error when estimating Rs. This was also reflected by the sampling effort needed to obtain seasonally robust estimates of Rs, which may actually require a number of samples above that used in Rs studies. We further postulate that the effect of seasonality on the spatial variability and environmental controls of Rs was determined by the seasonal shifts of its microclimatic controls: during winter, low temperatures constrain plant and soil metabolic activities and hence reduce Rs variability (temperature‐controlled processes), whereas during summer, water demand by vegetation and changes in water availability due to the microtopography of the terrain (i.e., slope) increase Rs variability (water‐controlled processes). This study provides novel information on the spatiotemporal variability of Rs and looks more deeply into the seasonality of its environmental controls and the architecture of their causal‐effect relationships controlling Rs's spatial variability. Our study further shows that improving current estimates of Rs at local and regional levels might be necessary in order to reduce uncertainties and improve CO2 estimates at larger spatial scales.Highlights
The spatial variability of soil respiration (Rs) and its environmental controls vary seasonally.
Seasonal shifts from temperature‐ to water‐controlled processes determine Rs's spatial variability.
Besides microclimate, slope and grass cover explain the spatiotemporal variability of Rs.
An intense sampling effort is needed to obtain robust Rs estimates even in homogeneous forests.
Plasma neurofilament light chain levels predict improvement in late phase after stroke
Authors: Stokowska Anna , Bunketorp Käll Lina , Blomstrand Christian , Simrén Joel , Nilsson Michael , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Pekny Milos , Pekna Marcela 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeAlthough functional recovery is most pronounced in the first 6 months after stroke, improvement is possible also in the late phase. The value of plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL), a biomarker of axonal injury and secondary neurodegeneration, was explored for the prediction of functional improvement in the late phase after stroke.MethodsBaseline plasma NfL levels were measured in 115 participants of a trial on the efficacy of multimodal rehabilitation in the late phase after stroke. The association between NfL levels, impairment in balance, gait and cognitive domains, and improvement 3 and 9 months later was determined.ResultsPlasma NfL levels were associated with the degree of impairment in all three domains. Individuals with meaningful improvement in balance and gait capacity had higher plasma NfL levels compared with non‐improvers (p = 0.001 and p = 0.018, respectively). Higher NfL levels were associated with improvement in balance (odds ratio [OR] 2.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35–4.27, p = 0.004) and gait (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.25–4.32, p = 0.009). Elevated plasma NfL levels showed a positive predictive value for cognitive improvement, and this effect was specific for the intervention targeting the cognitive domain. The association of NfL levels with cognitive improvement withstood correction for baseline impairment, age and total years of schooling (OR 7.54, 95% CI 1.52–45.66, p = 0.018).ConclusionsIn addition to its established role as a biomarker in the acute phase, elevated circulating NfL levels may predict functional improvement in the late phase after stroke. Our results should prompt further studies into the use of plasma NfL as a biomarker in the late phase after stroke.