bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial discrimination, racial identity affiliation, and heavy alcohol use among multiracial individuals
Authors: Nalven Tessa , Spillane Nichea S. , Rossi Joseph S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol use is disproportionately higher among multiracial than monoracial adults; yet, associated risk and protective factors are underexplored. The present study compared levels of experienced racial discrimination, racial identity affiliation, and heavy alcohol use among multiracial and monoracial adults and tested whether racial identity affiliation, experienced racial discrimination, and their interaction were significantly associated with heavy alcohol use among multiracial individuals.MethodsWe conducted secondary analyses of data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions‐III. Participants are a nationally representative sample of all U.S. adults (N = 29,026; 56.4% female) and were interviewed for the study from 2012 to 2013. The sample includes 598multiracial individuals.ResultsLinear regression analyses showed that multiracial individuals experienced significantly greater racial discrimination than White (b = −1.26, 95% CI [−1.47, −1.05], p < 0.001) or Asian individuals (b = −0.30, 95% CI [−0.53, −0.06], p = 0.013) but less than Black individuals (b = 0.29, 95% CI [0.08, 0.50], p = 0.007). Furthermore, multiracial individuals reported less affiliation with their racial identity than Black (b = 4.92, 95% CI [4.23, 5.62], p < 0.001) or Asian individuals (b = 3.86, 95% CI [3.09, 4.63], p < 0.001) but did not differ significantly from White individuals. Logistic regression analysis showed that multiracial individuals were significantly more likely to report heavy drinking than Asian individuals (OR = 0.53, 95% CI [0.36, 0.78], p = 0.001) but did not differ significantly from White or Black individuals. Finally, experienced racial discrimination was significantly related to heavy alcohol use in multiracial adults (b = 0.11, 95% CI [0.01, 0.20], p = 0.031), though neither racial identity affiliation nor the interaction of racial identity affiliation with experienced racial discrimination were significantly related to heavy alcohol use.ConclusionsOur results suggest that multiracial individuals, as compared to other minoritized individuals who are monoracial, report high levels of experienced racial discrimination and heavy alcohol use and low levels of racial identity affiliation. Further understanding of the effects of racial identity affiliation and experienced racial discrimination on the risk for heavy alcohol use could help in the development of interventions aimed at reducing alcohol use disparities among multiracial individuals.
Oxytocin: at birth and beyond. A systematic review of the long‐term effects of peripartum oxytocin
Authors: Monks D. T. , Palanisamy A. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryOxytocin is one of the most commonly used medications during labour and delivery. Recent insights from basic neuroscience research suggest that the uterotonic effects of oxytocin may arguably be trivial when compared with its profound effects on higher‐order human behaviour. The purpose of this review is to highlight the potential consequences of manipulating oxytocinergic signalling during the peripartum period and its long‐term impact on the maternal‐infant dyad. We identified four domains where modulation of oxytocinergic signalling might be consequential: postpartum depression; breastfeeding; neurodevelopment; and chronic pain, and performed a literature search to address the impact of peripartum oxytocin administration. We have shown modest, but inconsistent, evidence linking peripartum oxytocin administration with postpartum depression. Breastfeeding success appeared to be negatively correlated with peripartum oxytocin exposure, perhaps secondary to impaired primitive neonatal reflexes and maternal‐infant bonding. The association between perinatal oxytocin exposure and subsequent development of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism in the offspring was weak, but these studies were limited by the lack of information on the cumulative dose. Finally, we identified substantial evidence for analgesic and anti‐hypersensitivity effects of oxytocin which might partly explain the low incidence of chronic pain after caesarean birth. Although most data presented here are observational, our review points to a compelling need for robust clinical studies to better dissect the impact of peripartum oxytocin administration, and as stewards of its use, increase the precision with which we administer oxytocin to prevent overuse of the drug.
Introduction of a standardised maternity early warning system: indicative data from a before‐and‐after study at a large pilot site before national rollout in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Drake M. , Austin G. , Dann L. , Li Y. , Shuker C. , Psirides A. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryStrong evidence now demonstrates that recognition and response systems using standardised early warning scores can help prevent harm associated with in‐hospital clinical deterioration in non‐pregnant adult patients. However, a standardised maternity‐specific early warning system has not yet been agreed in the UK. In Aotearoa New Zealand, following the nationwide implementation of the standardised New Zealand Early Warning Score (NZEWS) for adult inpatients, a modified maternity‐specific variation (NZMEWS) was piloted in a major tertiary hospital in Auckland, before national rollout. Following implementation in July 2018, we observed a significant and sustained reduction in severe maternal morbidity as measured by emergency response calls to women who were very unwell (emergency response team call), and a non‐significant reduction in cardiorespiratory arrest team calls. Emergency response team calls to maternity wards fell from a median of 0.8 per 100 births at baseline (January 2017–May 2018) to 0.6 per 100 births monthly (from March 2019 to December 2020) (p < 0.0001). Cardiorespiratory arrest team calls to maternity wards fell from 0.14 per 100 births per quarter (quarter 1 2017–quarter 2 2018) to 0.09 calls per 100 births per quarter after NZMEWS was introduced (quarter 3 2018–quarter 4 2020) (p = 0.2593). These early results provide evidence that NZMEWS can detect and prevent deterioration of pregnant women, although there are multiple factors that may have contributed to the reduction in emergency response calls noted.
Vasectomy utilization in men aged 18–45 declined between 2002 and 2017: Results from the United States National Survey for Family Growth data
Authors: Zhang Xinyuan , Eisenberg Michael L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundVasectomy remains a safe, simple, and effective contraceptive option. Conflicting data on the trend of vasectomy use among men have been described previously at various snapshots in time over the last two decades.ObjectivesThis paper seeks to describe the trend of vasectomy utilization in the last 15 years using a nationally representative US survey.Materials and methodsWe analyzed data from male respondents aged 18 to 45 years of the Cycle 6 (2002), 2006–2010, 2011–2013, 2013–2015, and 2015–2017 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) surveys. Population estimates are calculated based on the official NSFG instructions, accounting for the complex survey design. Multivariate logistic regression models are used to study demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with vasectomy use in men.ResultsBaseline characteristics for men undergoing vasectomy do not differ significantly across survey years. Increased age, White race, marital status, higher education level, birthplace within the United States, higher household income, non‐Catholic affiliation, and higher number of biological kids have significant positive associations with vasectomy use. After accounting for factors associated with vasectomy utilization, there was a significant temporal decline in vasectomy utilization rates in all age groups across survey years which remained in subgroup analyses of all men greater than 25, 30, and 35 years of age.DiscussionThis is the first population‐based analysis of US data to observe a decline in vasectomy utilization over the past two decades. The decline was statistically significant after accounting for all demographic and socioeconomic factors.ConclusionThere is a steady decline in the prevalence of vasectomy use in men from 2002 to 2017. Given the limited contraceptive options for men and the importance of contraception and family planning in the United States, further research is needed to understand the temporal decline.
Progression from intermediate to neovascular age‐related macular degeneration according to drusen subtypes: Bundang AMD cohort study report 3
Authors: Kim Kyoung Lae , Joo Kwangsic , Park Sang Jun , Park Kyu Hyung , Woo Se Joon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the ophthalmic risk factors related to neovascular change and the subtype‐wise incidence of progression from intermediate to neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (AMD).MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, 632 eyes with intermediate AMD from 418 patients (older than 50 years) were enrolled. The systemic factors and ophthalmic factors were statistically analysed with respect to neovascular change.ResultsThe 5‐year cumulative incidence of progression to neovascular AMD (nAMD) from intermediate AMD was 17.8% and 17.0% in eyes with soft drusen and pachydrusen (p = 0.316). Older age (p = 0.025), preexisting nAMD in the fellow eye (p < 0.001), and reticular pseudodrusen (RPD; p = 0.007) were associated with the risk of progression to nAMD. In reference to soft drusen, pachydrusen was associated with progression to polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV; p < 0.001) and not to typical nAMD (p = 0.064).ConclusionsThe ophthalmic risk factors related to the progression of nAMD from intermediate AMD were found to be preexisting nAMD in the fellow eye and RPD. Pachydrusen showed a similar incidence of neovascular change with soft drusen, and was associated with the progression to PCV but not to typical nAMD.
Nonparametric estimation of the survival distribution under covariate‐induced dependent truncation
Authors: Vakulenko‐Lagun Bella , Qian Jing , Chiou Sy Han , Wang Nancy , Betensky Rebecca A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere is often delayed entry into observational studies, which results in left truncation. In the estimation of the distribution of time‐to‐event from left‐truncated data, standard survival analysis methods require quasi‐independence between the truncation time and event time. Incorrectly assuming quasi‐independence may lead to biased estimation. We address the problem of estimation of the survival distribution when dependence between the event time and its left truncation time is induced by shared covariates. We introduce propensity scores for truncated data and propose two inverse probability weighting methods that adjust for both truncation and dependence, if all of the shared covariates are measured. The proposed methods additionally allow for right censoring. We evaluate the proposed methods in simulations, conduct sensitivity analyses, and provide guidelines for use in practice. We illustrate our approach in application to data from a central nervous system lymphoma study. The proposed methods are implemented in the R package,depLT.
Visualising the choriocapillaris: Histology, imaging modalities and clinical research ‐ A review
Authors: Ng Danny Siu‐Chun , Chan Leo Ka‐Yu , Ng Ching Man , Lai Timothy Y. Y. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe choriocapillaris plays a considerable role in the normal physiology of the eye as well as in various diseases. Assessing the changes in the choriocapillaris can therefore provide important information about normal ageing and pathogenesis of visual impairment, and even some systemic diseases. In vivo imaging of the choriocapillaris has evolved from non‐depth resolved, dye‐based angiography to advanced, high‐resolution optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). However, the intricate microvascular networks within the choriocapillaris are still beyond the resolving limits of most OCTA instruments. Knowledge of histology, meticulous image acquisition methods, recognition of artefact and post‐acquisition processing techniques are necessary for optimising OCTA choriocapillaris images. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the choriocapillaris provide clinical information in age‐related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), pathologic myopia and central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Furthermore, studies have revealed choriocapillaris changes in posterior uveitis that are correlated with treatment outcome and have important prognostic significance. In addition to retinal diseases, choriocapillaris changes have been observed in systemic vascular diseases and complications associated with pregnancy.
Evaluation of the implant disease risk assessment (IDRA) tool: A retrospective study in patients with treated periodontitis and implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses (FDPs)
Authors: De Ry Siro P. , Roccuzzo Andrea , Lang Niklaus P. , Heitz‐Mayfield Lisa J. , Ramseier Christoph A. , Sculean Anton , Salvi Giovanni E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the Implant Disease Risk Assessment (IDRA) tool for the prediction of peri‐implantitis in treated periodontitis patients with implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) after at least 5 years of function.Material and methodsFrom the patient pool of implant patients enrolled in a regular supportive periodontal therapy programme (SPT) for at least 5 years, 239 patients were screened. Eighty patients met the inclusion criteria and underwent evaluation through the criteria of the IDRA tool. Areas under the curve (AUCs) for receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves including 95% confidence intervals were estimated.ResultsSeventy‐nine patients (43 males and 36 females, 8 smokers), aged on average 59.0 years (range: 40–79 years) at baseline (i.e. FDP delivery) were analysed. The calculated IDRA‐risk was in 34 patients (42.5%) a moderate risk, while 45 patients (56.3%) were considered at high IDRA‐risk. One patient categorized at low IDRA‐risk was excluded from the analysis.The AUC was 0.613 (95% CI: 0.464–0.762) if the IDRA‐risk was associated with prevalence of peri‐implantitis at the most recent follow‐up. Peri‐implantitis was diagnosed in 4 patients (12%) at moderate and in 12 patients (27%) at high IDRA‐risk, respectively. The calculated odds ratio for developing peri‐implantitis in patients with high IDRA‐risk compared with patients with moderate IDRA‐risk was 2.727 with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (95% CI: 0.793–9.376).ConclusionWithin the limitations of the present retrospective study, the IDRA algorithm might represent a promising tool to assess patients at moderate or high risk of developing peri‐implantitis.
Quantification of endolymphatic hydrops and its correlation with Meniere’s disease clinical features
Authors: Sun Qiyang , Jiang Guangli , Xiong Guanxia , Sun Wei , Wen Weiping , Wei Fanqin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to quantitatively evaluate the degree of endolymphatic hydrops and its correlation with the clinical features of Meniere’s disease.MethodsWe retrospectively collected data from patients with Meniere’s disease who underwent gadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at our department from January 2018 to December 2019. Mimics software was used to perform three‐dimensional modelling of the labyrinth, and volume information was obtained to calculate the endolymphatic hydrops index (EHI). A correlation analysis was conducted with data from pure tone audiometry, electrocochleography (EchoG), vestibular myogenic‐evoked potential (VEMP) testing, caloric testing and video head impulse testing (vHIT). A two‐dimensional method was also employed to calculate the hydrops ratio (HR) of cochlea and vestibule. The test‐retest reliability of EHI/HR from different operators was evaluated.ResultsA total of 23 affected ears were examined, and the EHI was significantly correlated with Meniere’s disease stage, low‐frequency hearing threshold, EchoG summating potential/action potential ratio (−SP/AP) and VEMP binaural asymmetry ratio, but no significant correlation was observed between EHI and the caloric test or vHIT. The Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of EHI data calculated by two otologists was 0.946 (p < .001). And the ICC of cochlea and vestibule HR were 0.844 and 0.832 (p < .001).ConclusionMimics software can be used to quantitatively evaluate the degree of endolymphatic hydrops and have shown higher test‐retest reliability than traditional two‐dimensional evaluation method. Endolymphatic hydrops correlates with clinical data, such as Meniere's disease stage, low‐frequency hearing threshold, EchoG and VEMP asymmetry ratio.
996. NICOTIANA MONOSCHIZOCARPA
Authors: Chase Mark W. , Christenhusz Maarten J. M. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryNicotiana monoschizocarpa is illustrated from plants collected along the banks of the Daly River in the Northern Territory (Australia) and cultivated at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Its taxonomic history, ecology, cytology and cultivation are discussed.
Atypisches Erythema nodosum leprosum: Diagnostische und therapeutische Aspekte
Authors: Alakad Rania , Nofal Ahmad , Assaf Magda 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDas klassische Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) ist klinisch durch plötzliches Auftreten druckempfindlicher erythematöser Knoten, Papeln und Plaques charakterisiert. Daneben wurden verschiedene atypische Muster, wie pustulöses, bullöses, ulzeriertes, nekrotisches und Sweet‐Syndrom‐artiges ENL beschrieben. Wir geben eine Übersicht bisher dokumentierter Fälle atypischer ENL und gehen dabei auf diagnostische und therapeutische Aspekte dieser selteneren Formen ein. Dazu wurde die medizinische Literatur in der Datenbank PubMed nach allen Fällen atypischer ENL bis zum Jahr 2020 durchsucht. Die Daten von Patienten mit atypischem ENL wurden erfasst und hinsichtlich epidemiologischer, klinisch‐histologischer und therapeutischer Aspekte analysiert. Die fünf hauptsächlich beschriebenen klinischen Formen des atypischen ENL sind vesikulär‐bullöse (46 % der Patienten), ulzerös‐nekrotische (41 %), Erythema‐multiforme‐artige (28 %), Sweet‐Syndrom‐artige (11 %) und pustulöse Läsionen (9 %). Bei allen Patienten wurden die Hautveränderungen von Fieber und Allgemeinsymptomen begleitet. Die meisten Patienten wurden oral mit Steroiden und Thalidomid therapiert. Dermatologen und Pathologen sollten die klinische Variabilität des ENL kennen, um Fehldiagnosen und verzögerte Behandlungen zu vermeiden. Die frühzeitige Erkennung kann die Kontrolle der Krankheitsprogression unterstützen und die Patienten vor weiteren Komplikationen schützen.
Psoriasis ist mit Lingua plicata jedoch nicht mit Lingua geographica assoziiert: eine prospektive Fall‐Kontroll‐Studie
Authors: Monshi Babak , Grabovac Sofia , Gulz Lilli , Ellersdorfer Christina , Vujic Marin , Richter Leo , Kivaranovic Danijel , Rappersberger Klemens , Vujic Igor 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZieleEs wurde berichtet, dass Psoriasis mit Zungenläsionen assoziiert ist und dass die Lingua geographica eine Form „oraler Psoriasis“ sein könnte. Allerdings ist die Studienlage unklar, die Prävalenzraten heterogen und aus Europa liegen nur wenige Daten vor. In dieser prospektiven Fall‐Kontroll‐Studie haben wir die Prävalenz von Zungenanomalien an einer österreichischen Kohorte untersucht.Patienten und MethodenPatienten mit Psoriasis und eine gesunde Kontrollgruppe wurden hinsichtlich Zungen‐ und Hautläsionen, Alter, Geschlecht, Rauchgewohnheiten, Allergien, Alter bei Erstmanifestation der Psoriasis, PASI‐Scores und Behandlungsmodalität für die Psoriasis untersucht.ErgebnisseEs wurden 173 Psoriasis‐Patienten (58 Frauen und 115 Männer, medianes Alter 50 [37–60] Jahre) und 173 gesunde Kontrollpersonen (79 Frauen und 94 Männer, medianes Alter 54 [43–64] Jahre) eingeschlossen. Insgesamt berichteten 95 Teilnehmer über bestehende Allergien. 64 Psoriasis‐Patienten und 50 Kontrollpersonen waren Raucher. Das mediane Alter bei Erstmanifestation der Psoriasis war 26 (12–40) Jahre, der mediane PASi‐Score lag bei 2 (0–4,1), und das am häufigsten eingesetzte Therapeutikum war Ustekinumab (n = 47). Lingua plicata war statistisch signifikant mit Psoriasis assoziiert (25 [14,4 %] Psoriatiker, 13 [7,5 %] der gesunden Kontrollpersonen; P = 0,04). Lingua geographica war in jeder der beiden Gruppen bei vier Personen vorhanden (2,3 %) und war signifikant mit Rauchen (P = 0,01), aber nicht mit Psoriasis assoziiert.SchlussfolgerungZusammenfassend fand sich in dieser österreichischen Kohorte eine insgesamt niedrige Punktprävalenz von Zungenveränderungen. Psoriasis war mit Lingua plicata, nicht jedoch mit Lingua geographica assoziiert. Wir konnten daher die Hypothese, dass die Lingua geographica eine orale Manifestation der Psoriasis ist, nicht untermauern.
Hygieneempfehlungen in der ambulanten Dermatochirurgie
Authors: Löser Christoph R. , Dirschka Thomas , Felcht Moritz , Dippel Edgar , Kevekordes Sebastian 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Infektionsschutzgesetz und länderspezifische rechtsverbindliche Vorgaben fordern geeignete Maßnahmen, um nosokomiale Infektionen zu verhüten und die Weiterverbreitung von Krankheitserregern, insbesondere solcher mit Resistenzen, zu vermeiden. Dies betrifft auch das ambulante Operieren an der Haut. Besonderer Fokus liegt dabei auf der Händehygiene, Antiseptik, einer hygienischen Arbeitsweise und der fachgerechten Instrumentenaufbereitung. Jede dermatologische Einrichtung, in der ambulant operiert wird, steht in der Verpflichtung, ihre Hygiene zu organisieren und zu verantworten. Die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen sind in unterschiedlichen Gesetzen und Verordnungen geregelt und müssen eingehalten werden.
Liraglutide reduces cardiac adipose tissue in type 2 diabetes: A secondary analysis of the LIRAFLAME randomized placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Rasmussen Ida K. B. , Zobel Emilie H. , Ripa Rasmus S. , von Scholten Bernt J. , Curovic Viktor R. , Jensen Jacob K. , Kjaer Andreas , Hansen Tine W. , Rossing Peter 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo test the hypothesis that treatment with liraglutide can reduce cardiac adipose tissue.Materials and methodsLIRAFLAME is a randomized placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, parallel clinical study. Participants with type 2 diabetes were randomized to treatment with liraglutide 1.8 mg/d or placebo for 26 weeks. Computed tomography was performed at baseline and at end of treatment to evaluate the cardiac adipose tissue volume, quantified automatically. We report the results of a secondary endpoint evaluating changes in cardiac adipose tissue.ResultsA total of 102 participants were randomly assigned to liraglutide (n = 51) or placebo (n = 51). At baseline, the mean (SD) cardiac adipose tissue volume was comparable between the liraglutide and the placebo group (232.6 [112.8] vs. 227.0 [103.2] mL; P = 0.80). The mean change in body weight was −3.7 (−4.8, −2.6) kg in the liraglutide and −0.18 (−0.76, 0.40) kg in the placebo group. From baseline to end of treatment the mean cardiac adipose tissue change was −11.5 (95% confidence interval −17.6, −5.4) mL in the liraglutide (P < 0.001) and −0.01 (−5.3, 5.3) mL in the placebo (P = 1.00) groups. The reduction in cardiac adipose tissue was significantly greater in the liraglutide compared to the placebo group (mean difference −11.4 [−19.4, −3.3] mL; P = 0.006), but significance was lost after adjustment for changes in body mass index (P = 0.46).ConclusionTreatment with liraglutide for 26 weeks was associated with a reduction in cardiac adipose tissue compared to placebo. The reduction was not independent of weight loss, suggesting that this is not a drug‐specific effect.