bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying ubiquitous sensing to estimate perceived exertion based on cardiorespiratory features
Authors: de Almeida e Bueno Leonardo , Kwong Man Ting , Milnthorpe William R. F. , Cheng Runbei , Bergmann Jeroen H. M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractReliable monitoring of one’s response to exercise intensity is imperative to effectively plan and manage training, but not always practical in impact sports settings. This study aimed to evaluate if an inexpensive mobile cardio-respiratory monitoring system can achieve similar performance to a metabolic cart in estimating rated perceived exertion. Eight adult men volunteered to perform treadmill tests under different conditions. Cardiorespiratory data were collected using a metabolic cart and an instrumented oral-cavity device, as well as their ratings of perceived exertion. Pearson correlation corrected for repeated measurements and stepwise regression analysis were used to observe the relationship between the cardiorespiratory features and the ratings of perceived exertion and determine the proportion of the variance of exertion that could be explained by the measurements. Minute ventilation was found to be the most associated variable to perceived exertion, closely followed by a novel metric called the audio minute volume, which can be collected by the oral-cavity device. A generalised linear model combining minute ventilation, audio minute volume, heart rate and respiration rate accounted for 64% of the variance in perceived exertion, whilst a model with only audio minute volume accounted for 56%. Our study indicates that minute ventilation is key to estimating perceived exertion during indoor running exercises. Audio minute volume was also observed to perform comparably to a lab-based metabolic cart in estimating perceived exertion. This research indicates that mobile techniques offer the potential for real-world data collection of an athlete’s physiological load and estimation of perceived exertion.
Vaccines After an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA): Modern Evidence Generation Approaches
Authors: Zariffa Névine , Russek-Cohen Estelle 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEvery medical product requires additional study even after regulatory approval. We highlight several lines of enquiry to advance our understanding of COVID19 vaccines post authorization: identifying key population segments warranting more study, assessment of efficacy, and of safety data, harmonization of data relating to immune response and developing mechanisms for data and knowledge sharing across countries. We show how innovative trial designs and sources from real world data play a critical role in generating evidence.
Transdiagnostic Versus Construct-Specific Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Emotional Disorders in Patients with High Anxiety Sensitivity: A Double-Blind Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Ahmadi Reza , Ahmadizadeh Roya , Hasani Mohsen , Saed Omid 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAnxiety sensitivity (AS) is a common vulnerability in emotional disorders. Due to the pathological role of AS, individuals with high AS are faced with emotional problems. Thus, cognitive behavioural interventions try to reduce these problems by targeting AS. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of transdiagnostic cognitive behavioural therapy (T-CBT) and construct-specific CBT (CS-CBT) on AS, anxiety, depression, and positive and negative affect in these patients. To this end, 40 patients with high AS were randomly assigned to one of the three groups of T-CBT, CS-CBT, and wait list. Participants were assessed using the Anxiety and Related Disorders Interview Schedule for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory-II, and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule at baseline, post-treatment, 3-month follow-up, and 6-month follow-up. The findings showed that T-CBT and CS-CBT have a significant effect on AS, anxiety, and negative affect; however, contrary to T-CBT, CS-CBT is not effective for reducing depression and positive affect. T-CBT had a more promising efficacy than CS-CBT in all treatment outcomes. The results show better and more stable efficacy of T-CBT among patients with high AS. It is essential to consider AS as a target for cognitive behavioural intervention for the spectrum of emotional disorders.
Continuity of Hausdorff dimension across generic dynamical Lagrange and Markov spectra II
Authors: CERQUEIRA ALINE , MOREIRA CARLOS G. , ROMAÑA SERGIO 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLet

$g_0$
be a smooth pinched negatively curved Riemannian metric on a complete surface N, and let

$\Lambda _0$
be a basic hyperbolic set of the geodesic flow of

$g_0$
with Hausdorff dimension strictly smaller than two. Given a small smooth perturbation g of

$g_0$
and a smooth real-valued function f on the unit tangent bundle to N with respect to g, let

$L_{g,\Lambda ,f}$
(respectively

$M_{g,\Lambda ,f}$
) be the Lagrange (respectively Markov) spectrum of asymptotic highest (respectively highest) values of f along the geodesics in the hyperbolic continuation

$\Lambda $
of

$\Lambda _0$
. We prove that for generic choices of g and f, the Hausdorff dimensions of the sets

$L_{g,\Lambda , f}\cap (-\infty , t)$
vary continuously with

$t\in \mathbb {R}$
and, moreover,

$M_{g,\Lambda , f}\cap (-\infty , t)$
has the same Hausdorff dimension as

$L_{g,\Lambda , f}\cap (-\infty , t)$
for all

$t\in \mathbb {R}$
.
Mass of prominences experiencing failed eruptions
Authors: Filippov B. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A number of solar filaments/prominences demonstrate failed eruptions, when a filament at first suddenly starts to ascend and then decelerates and stops at some greater height in the corona. The mechanism of the termination of eruptions is not clear yet. One of the confining forces able to stop the eruption is the gravity force. Using a simple model of a partial current-carrying torus loop anchored to the photosphere and photospheric magnetic field measurements as the boundary condition for the potential magnetic field extrapolation into the corona, we estimated masses of 15 eruptive filaments. The values of the filament mass show rather wide distribution in the range of

$4\times10^{15}$

–

$270\times10^{16}$

g. Masses of the most of filaments, laying in the middle of the range, are in accordance with estimations made earlier on the basis of spectroscopic and white-light observations.
Genetic and environmental sources of familial resemblance in anxiety: a nuclear twin family design
Authors: Ding Qingwen , Bi Dandan , Zhou Yueyue , Bai Xiaoyu , Li Xinying 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundA dominant feature of anxiety disorders is familial aggregation. However, the underlying mechanisms of between- and within-generational anxiety resemblance remain poorly understood. By disentangling the genetic v. environmental sources of familial resemblance in anxiety, we can help prevent within-family transmission of anxiety disorders. Therefore, data from both parents and twins are needed to obtain unbiased and detailed estimations of genetic and environmental sources of similarity between family members.MethodsWe examined data from 991 families with same-sex twins. Trait anxiety in twins was assessed via self-report and parent report, while parental trait anxiety was assessed via self-report. We established a nuclear twin family model and estimated genetic and environmental variances using two survey waves.ResultsThe results suggested that additive genetic (A), dominant genetic (D), and non-shared environmental (E) influences significantly contributed to trait anxiety, whereas familial environmental influences (F) and passive gene–environment correlations (rGE) did not. Sibling environmental influences (S) were only found in self-report data, and increased when genetic influences decreased from Wave 1 to Wave 2.ConclusionsOur study highlights the important role of broad heritability in intrafamilial trait anxiety similarity. Parent–child resemblance occurred primarily due to shared genetic makeup rather than direct environmental transmission. Sibling-specific environments, as the only source of shared environments, need further investigation. These findings have both theoretical and practical significance for anxiety disorders. Future research can expand our understanding by examining the gene–environment interplay and sex differences.
(Northwest) Semitic sg. *CVCC-, pl. *CVCaC-ū-: Broken plural or regular reflex?
Authors: Suchard Benjamin D. , Groen Jorik (F.J.) 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper provides a new explanation for the insertion of *ain plural forms of *CVCC-nouns also formed with an external plural suffix, e.g. *ʕabd-: *ʕabad-ū-‘servant(s)’, in various Semitic languages. This *CVCaC-ū-pattern is usually considered to be a remnant of the Proto-Semitic broken plural system in Northwest Semitic, but we show that it goes back to Proto-Semitic in this form. Internal evidence from Semitic as well as comparative evidence from Afroasiatic points towards a pre-Proto-Semitic plural suffix *-w-underlying the external plural suffixes. This suffix created a consonant cluster in the plural of *CVCC-nouns, triggering epenthesis of *a. As the prime example of broken plural formation in Northwest Semitic thus seems to be purely suffixal in origin, we conclude by briefly considering the implications for the history of nominal pluralization in Semitic.
Running or crossing? Children's expression of voluntary motion in English, German, and French
Authors: HENDRIKS Henriëtte , HICKMANN Maya , PASTORINO-CAMPOS Carla 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMuch research has focused on the expression of voluntary motion (Slobin, 2004; Talmy, 2000). The present study contributes to this body of research by comparing how children (three to ten years) and adults narrated short, animated cartoons in English and German (satellite-framedlanguages) vs. French (verb-framed). The cartoons showed agents displacing themselves in variable Manners along different Paths (Path saliency and variance were specifically manipulated in four item types). Results show an increase with age across languages in how much information participants expressed. However, at all ages, more motion information was encoded in English and German than in French. Furthermore, language-specific features impacted the content and its organization within utterances in discourse, showing more variation within and across Path types in French than in the satellite-framed languages, resulting in later achievement of adult-like descriptions in this language. The discussion highlights the joint impact of cognitive and typological features on language development.
Explicit methods for the Hasse norm principle and applications toAnandSnextensions
Authors: MACEDO ANDRÉ , NEWTON RACHEL 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLetK/kbe an extension of number fields. We describe theoretical results and computational methods for calculating the obstruction to the Hasse norm principle forK/kand the defect of weak approximation for the norm one torus\[R_{K/k}^1{\mathbb{G}_m}\]. We apply our techniques to give explicit and computable formulae for the obstruction to the Hasse norm principle and the defect of weak approximation when the normal closure ofK/khas symmetric or alternating Galois group.
Development of a Prehospital Care Rotation for Emergency Medicine Residents in Haiti
Authors: Kivlehan Sean M. , Colinet Lourdes Rachelle Faikha , Edmond Cassandre , Song Hank , Wei Chen , Rimpel Linda , Rouhani Shada A. , Checkett Keegan A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground:Prehospital care is a key component of an emergency care system. Prehospital providers initiate patient care in the field and transition it to the emergency department. Emergency Medicine (EM) specialist training programs are growing rapidly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and future emergency physicians will oversee emergency care systems. Despite this, no standardized prehospital care curriculum exists for physicians in these settings. This report describes the development of a prehospital rotation for an EM residency program in Central Haiti.Methods:Using a conceptual framework, existing prehospital curricula from high-income countries (HICs) were reviewed and adapted to the Haitian context. Didactics covering prehospital care from LMICs were also reviewed and adapted. Regional stakeholders were identified and engaged in the curriculum development.Results:A one-week long, 40-hour curriculum was developed which included didactic, clinical, evaluation, and assessment components. All senior residents completed the rotation in the first year. Feedback was positive from residents, field sites, and students.Conclusions:A standardized prehospital rotation for EM residents in Haiti was successfully implemented and well-received. This model of adaptation and local engagement can be applied to other residency programs in low-income countries to increase physician engagement in prehospital care.
Risk-based diabetes screening in a Hungarian general practice: comparison of laboratory methods and diagnostic criteria
Authors: Galvács Henrietta , Szabó János , Balogh Zoltán 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAim:Aim of cross-sectional study was to survey the risk of diabetes mellitus in a severely disadvantaged Hungarian community and then to use laboratory tests to screen for potential carbohydrate metabolism disorders among those in the moderate- and high-risk groups.Background:The prevalence of diabetes mellitus shows a worrisome trend worldwide. Low socio-economic status significantly affects the development of diabetes, healthy life years and life expectancy.Method:Diabetes risk of the population was surveyed with the FINDRISC (Finnish Diabetes Risk Score) questionnaire, followed by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and glycated haemoglobin test of moderate- and high-risk patients.Findings:In sample of 551 subjects, moderate or high risk for diabetes was confirmed in 147 patients (26.68%). There was significant correlation between increased risk and age (P< 0.001) and between increased risk and body mass index (P< 0.001). Significant difference was confirmed between incidences for disease based on the results of OGTT and glycated haemoglobin test when two different criteria systems were used. Age was the strongest predictor of pre-diabetes/diabetes (P= 0.016). The presence of metabolic syndrome increased the level of glycated haemoglobin by an average of 0.2% in normal glycemic status.
American Indians and the Right to Vote: United States v. Elm (1877), Its Origins, and Its Impact
Authors: Hauptman Laurence M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn November 1876, two Oneida Indians, Abram Elm and Lewis Doxtator, were arrested for voting illegally in the twenty-third congressional district election in New York. Their trial was held the next year in a federal court in the Northern District of New York, the same venue where Susan B. Anthony had been tried and convicted on a similar charge four years earlier. This essay focuses on the significance of the historically neglected United States v. Elm case, its origins, why the decision was rendered, and its short-term and long-term impact. Importantly, United States v. Elm has cast a long shadow over Supreme Court decisions—from the time of Elk v. Wilkins in 1884 right up to City of Sherrill v. Oneida Indian Nation in New York in 2005. In going to the polls, the two Native Americans were not trying to deny their Oneida identity; they saw themselves as dual citizens advocating a different course of resistance.
Backscattering cross-section from a metamaterial coated sphere covered with a metasurface
Authors: Abbasi Farah R. , Awan Z. A. , Hussain Arshad 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAn analysis about the backscattering characteristics of a metamaterial coated magnetodielectric sphere covered with a metasurface has been presented. The effects of various types of metamaterial coatings and surface reactances of lossless metasurface upon the backscattering cross-section of a metamaterial coated magnetodielectric sphere covered with a metasurface have been studied. It is shown that the negligible backscattering cross-section from a double near-zero metamaterial coated magnetodielectric sphere can be enhanced significantly by using specific types of lossless metasurfaces. These types of enhanced backscattering cross-section find applications in the radar detection problems. The proposed theory is also extended to the lossy double negative metamaterial coated magnetodielectric sphere covered with a lossless metasurface. During the study, it is found that for a specific part of the lossy double negative metamaterial bandwidth, two specific types of lossless metasurfaces can be used to reduce the backscattering cross-section as compared to the backscattering cross-section of a lossy double negative metamaterial coated magnetodielectric sphere without metasurface.
Wildfire Smoke Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Cardiorespiratory Emergency Department Visits in Alaska
Authors: Hahn M. B. , Kuiper G. , O'Dell K. , Fischer E. V. , Magzamen S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlaskan wildfires have major ecological, social, and economic consequences, but associated health impacts remain unexplored. We estimated cardiorespiratory morbidity associated with wildfire smoke (WFS) fine particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) in three major population centers (Anchorage, Fairbanks, and the Matanuska‐Susitna Valley) during the 2015–2019 wildfire seasons. To estimate WFS PM2.5, we utilized data from ground‐based monitors and satellite‐based smoke plume estimates. We implemented time‐stratified case‐crossover analyses with single and distributed lag models to estimate the effect of WFS PM2.5on cardiorespiratory emergency department (ED) visits. On the day of exposure to WFS PM2.5, there was an increased odds of asthma‐related ED visits among 15–65 year olds (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.08, 1.16), people >65 years (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.31), among Alaska Native people (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.09, 1.23), and in Anchorage (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.05, 1.15) and Fairbanks (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.07, 1.17). There was an increased risk of heart failure related ED visits for Alaska Native people (Lag Day 5 OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.02, 1.25). We found evidence that rural populations may delay seeking care. As the frequency and magnitude of Alaskan wildfires continue to increase due to climate change, understanding the health impacts will be imperative. A nuanced understanding of the effects of WFS on specific demographic and geographic groups facilitates data‐driven public health interventions and fire management protocols that address these adverse health effects.
Hints on the Multiscale Nature of Geomagnetic Field Fluctuations During Quiet and Disturbed Periods
Authors: Santarelli L. , De Michelis P. , Consolini G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe analyze the geomagnetic data recorded at 78 stations from 13 to 31 March 2015. Using the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method, we focus our attention on geomagnetic signal due to sources which are external to the Earth, that is, due to current systems flowing in the ionosphere and magnetosphere. We analyze the short timescale fluctuations (τ < 200 min) of this magnetic signal, their dependence on magnetic latitude, magnetic local time, and geomagnetic activity. At high geomagnetic latitudes (>|60°|), these short timescale fluctuations constitute more than 30% of the external magnetic field. Their maximum contribution occurs along the auroral oval suggesting that they are mainly triggered by the ionospheric electric current systems active in these regions. A discussion of the relevance of these short timescale magnetic fluctuations to result in a more significant modeling and prediction of geomagnetically induced currents in the auroral zones is also provided.
Electron Energy Interplay in the Geomagnetic Trap Below the Auroral Acceleration Region
Authors: Khazanov George V. , Glocer Alex , Chu Mike 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis publication addresses the collisional superthermal electron dynamics below the auroral acceleration region (AAR). This region is the portion of an auroral field line with a field‐aligned electric field that leads to the formation of precipitating monoenergetic keV electron fluxes that produce the discrete auroral displays observable from the ground. It is assumed that these precipitating electron fluxes are monoenergetic and accelerated through a potential drop, V, such that these electrons are peaked at an energy E0 = eV, where e is the electron charge. Monoenergetic electrons precipitating into the upper atmosphere degrade to lower energies via many different collisional processes and produce the secondary electron population with energies of 10–100s eV which escapes back to magnetospheric altitudes and becomes geomagnetically trapped between the AAR and the upper ionosphere. The secondary electrons in this geomagnetic trap transfer energy via elastic Coulomb collisions to the thermal electrons. That energy is then returned to the topside ionosphere as heat flux carried by the electron thermal conduction which is essential to maintaining the topside electron temperature.
Global Distribution of Nighttime MSTIDs and Its Association With E Region Irregularities Seen by CHAMP Satellite
Authors: Lee Woo Kyoung , Kil Hyosub , Paxton Larry J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe investigate the correlation of sporadic E (Es) with the occurrence of medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) at night in middle latitudes (25°–40°N and 25°–40°S magnetic latitudes) by examining their occurrence climatology. The occurrence climatology of Es and MSTIDs is derived using the Challenging Minisatellite Payload satellite data acquired in 2001–2008 and 2001–2009, respectively. Electron density irregularities and radio scintillations are used as the detection proxies of MSTIDs and Es, respectively. The occurrence rate of MSTIDs shows a semi‐annual variation with the primary peak during June solstices and the secondary peak during December solstices in both hemispheres. However, the occurrence rate of Es shows a seasonal variation with a pronounced peak in summer in both hemispheres. The occurrence of MSTIDs during local summer and equinoxes is correlated with the occurrence of local Es, but the high occurrence rate of MSTIDs in local winter is not correlated with local winter hemisphere Es. MSTIDs in the winter hemisphere are correlated with magnetically conjugate MSTIDs in the summer hemisphere; these summer hemisphere MSTIDs are correlated with the occurrence of Es in the summer hemisphere. The occurrence rate of MSTIDs clearly shows an increase with decreasing solar activity, but the solar cycle dependence of Es is not obvious from the data. This observation suggests that the generation of MSTIDs is significantly affected by factors other than Es such as the growth rate of the Perkins instability, atmospheric gravity waves, and the F region conductance.