bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of Voltage Stability Indices
Authors: Samuel I A , Soyemi A O , Awelewa A A , Olajube A A , Ketande J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Voltage stability indices (VSIs) are very vital to voltage stability assessment; they have several areas of application such as distributed generation (DG) placement and sizing, detection of the critical regions, lines, and buses and contingency ranking and planning. These indices can be used to activate countermeasures against voltage instability. This article examines voltage stability indices with particular focus on line VSIs, and it highlights the classification, accuracy of VSIs, and enumerates for some selected line VSIs drawbacks and advantages as seen in literature.
Numerical Modelling Of The Effect Of Temperature And Thickness On The Electrical Properties Of Polycrystalline Semi-Conductor Solar Cells [CdTe and Cu(In,Ga)Se2(CIGS)] Using One Dimensional Device Simulation
Authors: Isa M.M , Mustapha Ibrahim , Yahaya A.A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A numerical simulation program SCAPS 1D (solar cell and capacitance simulator) was used in the simulation of CdTe and CIGS solar cells. We concentrated on the effect of temperature and thickness on the electrical properties of CdTe and CIGS solar cells and the agreement between the simulations and measurements was shown and discussed using SCAPS 3.3.00. The influences of temperature and thickness on CdTe and CIGS solar cells were investigated by I-V measurements. The simulated efficiencies for CdTe and CIGS solar cells at 300K were observed to be 16.03% and 16.54% which compare very well with the measured efficiencies 10.72% for CdTe and 15.96% for CIGS solar cell at same temperature. It was found out that as temperature and thickness increases from (200 – 400)K and (2 – 6μm, efficiencies decrease from 18% to 10% for CdTe and 20% to 8% for CIGS from (250 – 400)K and (1 – 5μm respectively.
Improving Biogas Yield Using Organic Fraction of Plant and Animal Wastes by Co-Digestion
Authors: Ezekoye Veronica A , Geraldine I Okoro , Anthony Ofomatah , David Ezekoye , Ada Agdaogu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study presented the effects of co-digestion and catalysts on the performance of biogas production. Poultry dropping and walnut waste were used as feedstock materials while clay, KOH and NaOH were used as catalysts. The experiment was divided into five setups. The retention time was 45days. The digester temperature floated around 20-44°C while the PH varies from 5.7-8.7. Gas composition, physicochemical properties, calorific value as well as elemental composition of the organic waste were analyzed. The result revealed that the gas produced has high methane content ranging from 66.52 – 73.44% with low CO2 concentration ranging from 9.97 -16.92%. The total volume of gas was noted to be 135.2l, 115.2l, 82.2l, 162.4l and 115.7l for each sample. The physicochemical properties revealed that the TS varies from 3.04% – 4.15%, while VS varies from 3.27% – 4.49%. The TOC ranges from 3.13% – 3.84% while the nitrogen content ranges within 0.112% – 0.392%, while Crude fibre ranges from 0.70 – 1.79%. Ash content ranges within 1.16 – 2.67% and moisture content varies between 87.77 – 92.34%. The COD and BOD were also obtained. The calorific values of the samples obtained ranges from 15,882 – 22,036KJ/kg. The phosphorus content was between 0.33% and 0.43% while potassium was between 0.29and 0.42% on average.
Design of a STS Electrical Energy Meter with Two-Way Communications Capability over GSM Network
Authors: Diegbegha Tonbra A. , Benjamin Ayibapreye K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A STS (System Transfer Specification) energy meter with an embedded solution for two-way communications over Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), was designed and simulated with Proteus. This meter should be able to report any tampering attempt on the customer’s meter, by sending an SMS (Short Message Service) via Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) as regards energy theft from the point of theft to an automated meter management station. Every meter is part of an automated metering management network, which is a scaled down version of a conventional Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI). This research provides an additional capability to STS energy Meters. The additional two-way communications capability of the Energy Meter is implemented with the addition of a GSM module to a conventional STS meter. The additional functionality to the STS meter real-time reporting was achieved by adding a GSM module to its design.
Global Oil Price Changes, Drivers and Key Indicators With Reference To Africa Energy Security–Outlook for 2025 and Beyond
Authors: Amadi C S , Onuoha K M , Onwuka J O 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Recent collapse in oil prices around the world from 2014–2016 and 2019/2020 has been reported as the most significant downward trend in the history of oil price glut. The COVID 19 pandemic caused additional fall to crude oil price expectedly, given the dynamics of demand and supply. Following world economic shut down, crude oil prices dipped to all time low. Global economies were heavily impacted by the crude oil price drop and Africa, which is known to be at the top of receiving end of fluctuating oil prices historically, once more suffered negative consequences. Africa energy security and sustainability becomes paramount following the continued negative impact of global oil prices change on the continent. Issues with crude oil transportation, storage and accessibility in Africa remains significant. Nigeria, whose economy is predominantly dependent on revenue from crude oil, witnessed another round of devaluation of the naira and with inflation in the negative direction due to the collapse in oil price. This paper focused on global energy security and sustainability in Africa. It explored the windows of opportunities in areas of transportation, storage and distribution of refined petroleum products and in advanced world and how Africa can adopt such methods. It looked at how Africa can take advantage of the advanced technology deployed in conventional petroleum development globally and in unconventional areas like nuclear, solar and wind energy. The results considered how Nigeria can be preserved from negative oil prices and the technologies available to boost her petroleum industry, particularly developments of unconventional resources beyond 2025 and sustainability of energy security within the polity. Suitable alternative and the sustainability of refined petroleum transportation and distribution is critical with reference to energy security in Africa.
The frequency and impact of undiagnosed benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in outpatients with high falls risk
Authors: Hawke Lyndon J , Barr Christopher J , McLoughlin James V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
The frequency and impact of undiagnosed benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) in people identified with high falls risk has not been investigated.

Objective
To determine the frequency and impact on key psychosocial measures of undiagnosed BPPV in adult community rehabilitation outpatients identified with a high falls risk.

Design
A frequency study with cross-sectional design.

Setting
A Community Rehabilitation Program in Melbourne, Australia.

Subjects
Adult community rehabilitation outpatients with a Falls Risk for Older People in the Community Screen score of four or higher.

Methods
BPPV was assessed in 34 consecutive high falls risk rehabilitation outpatients using the Dix–Hallpike test and supine roll test. Participants were assessed for anxiety, depression, fear of falls, social isolation and loneliness using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Falls Efficacy Scale-International and De Jong Gierveld 6-Item Loneliness Scale.

Results
A total of 18 (53%; 95% confidence interval: 36, 70) participants tested positive for BPPV. There was no significant difference between those who tested positive for BPPV and those who did not for Falls Risk for Older People in the Community Screen scores (P = 0.555), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Anxiety) scores (P = 0.627), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Depression) scores (P = 0.368) or Falls Efficacy Scale-International scores (P = 0.481). Higher scores for the De Jong Gierveld 6-Item Loneliness Scale in participants with BPPV did not reach significance (P = 0.056).

Conclusions
Undiagnosed BPPV is very common and associated with a trend towards increased loneliness in adult rehabilitation outpatients identified as having a high falls risk.
Comparison of Anti–SARS-CoV-2 S1 Receptor-Binding Domain Antibody Immunoassays in Health Care Workers Before and After the BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine
Authors: Carta Mariarosa , Marinello Irene , Cappelletti Anna , Rodolfi Alessandra , Cerrito Erica , Bernasconi Camilla , Gottardo Marlene , Dal Lago Francesca , Rizzetto Daniele , Barzon Elena , Giavarina Davide 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection is now available. This vaccine induces antibody production against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike glycoprotein S1 (S1-RBD). This study evaluated the performance of new immunoassays to measure this type of antibody.

Methods
Blood samples were collected at t0 (prime dose), after 21 days (t1, booster dose), and then after another 15 days (t2) from 70 health care professionals who had tested negative for previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and underwent vaccination with BNT162b2.

Results
Antibodies against S1-RBD were measured using 4 commercial assays. At t0, t1, and t2, the median antibody concentrations (interquartile range) were, respectively, 0.2 (0.1-0.4), 49.5 (19.1-95.7), and 888.0 (603.6-1,345.8) U/mL by Maglumi SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD immunoglobulin G (IgG) (Shenzen New Industries Biomedical Engineering, Snibe Diagnostics); 0.0 (0.0-0.0), 7.9 (4.2-15.6), and 112.3 (76.4-205.6) U/mL by Atellica IM SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay (Siemens Healthineers); 0.0 (0.0-0.0), 59.9 (18.3-122.0), and 2,646.0 (1,351.2-4,124.0) U/mL by Elecsys Anti–SARS-CoV-2 S assay (Roche Diagnostics); and 1.8 (1.8-1.8), 184 (94-294), and 1,841.0 (1,080.0-2,900.0) AU/mL by LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG assay (DiaSorin). The differences between medians at t0, t1, and t2 were all statistically significant (P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Antibodies against nucleocapsid proteins (N) were also measured using Maglumi 2019-nCoV IgG assay, which showed all negative results. All the considered anti-RBD methods detected response to the vaccine, while the method directed against anti-N failed to show response.
Effect of the local wind reduction zone on seed dispersal from a single shrub element on sparsely vegetated land
Authors: Fu Lin-Tao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Accurate predictions of seed dispersal kernels are crucial for understanding both vegetation communities and landscape dynamics. The influences of many factors, including the physical properties of seeds, the time-averaged wind speed and the wind turbulence, on seed dispersal have been studied. However, the influence of local wind speed reduction around a single shrub element (e.g. a small patch of scrub) on seed dispersal is still not well understood. Here, the spatial distribution of the wind intensity (represented by the wind friction speed u*) around a single shrub element is described, with an emphasis on the variation in the streamwise direction, and assuming that the time-averaged lateral and vertical speeds are equal to zero. The trajectories of the seeds were numerically simulated using a Lagrangian stochastic model that includes the effects of wind turbulence and particle inertia. The patterns of seed deposition with and without the effect of local wind reduction were compared. The variation in seed deposition with changing wind intensity, release height and shrub porosity were also simulated. The simulation results revealed that the local wind reduction increased seed deposition in nearby regions and therefore decreased seed deposition in the regions farther away. Local wind reduction had a greater impact on short-distance dispersal than on long-distance dispersal. Moreover, the dispersal in the circumferential direction decreased once the motion of a seed moving in the streamwise direction was reduced due to the local wind reduction. As the wind intensity and release height increased, the effect of local wind reduction on seed dispersal weakened. Seed dispersal was both wider and farther as the shrub porosity increased. These results may help explain the disagreement between the mechanistic models and the fitting curves in real cases. In addition, the results of this study may improve the currently used mechanistic models by either increasing their flexibility in case studies or by helping explain the variations in the observed distributions.
Cryopreservation of clonal and polyclonal populations of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Boswell Jacob , Lindsey Charles Ross , Cook Emily , Rosenzweig Frank , Herron Matthew 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Long-term preservation of laboratory strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has historically involved either liquid nitrogen cryopreservation, which is expensive and labor intensive, or storage on agar plates, which requires frequent transfer to new plates, and which may leave samples susceptible to contamination as well as genetic drift and/or selection. The emergence of C. reinhardtii as a model organism for genetic analysis and experimental evolution has produced an increasing demand for an efficient method to cryopreserve C. reinhardtii populations. The GeneArt™ Cryopreservation Kit for Algae provides the first method for algal storage at −80°C; however, little is known about how this method affects recovery of different clones, much less polyclonal populations. Here, we compare postfreeze viability of clonal and genetically mixed samples frozen at −80°C using GeneArt™ or cryopreserved using liquid nitrogen. We find that the GeneArt™ protocol yields similar percent recoveries for some but not all clonal cultures, when compared to archiving via liquid N2. We also find that relative frequency of different strains recovered from genetically mixed populations can be significantly altered by cryopreservation. Thus, while cryopreservation using GeneArt™ is an effective means for archiving certain clonal populations, it is not universally so. Strain-specific differences in freeze–thaw tolerance complicate the storage of different clones, and may also bias the recovery of different genotypes from polyclonal populations.
Top bunk, bottom bunk: cellsharing in prisons
Authors: Schliehe Anna , Crewe Ben 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe politics involved in cell-sharing reach into the most personal parts of prisoners’ lives and are highly determinate of their experiences of imprisonment. While there is a small amount of research on the impact of cell-sharing on personal wellbeing and prison quality, much less has been written about the daily dynamics and significance of negotiating shared space under conditions of coercion. In this paper, based on in-depth research undertaken in England & Wales, we explore the experience of cell-sharing and how dynamics in the cell matter both intimately and socially. Essentially, we locate the cell as one of the primary sites of ‘where the action is’ in prisons, and where matters of safety, dignity and abjection are of particular relevance.
Barriers and Facilitators of Mental Health Service Utilisation among Bhutanese Refugees in the USA: Findings from a Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Soukenik Eliza , Haran Hanna , Kirsch Jaclyn , Pyakurel Sudarshan , Maleku Arati 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlthough discussions regarding the need to develop culturally responsive mental health services for resettled refugee populations in the USA have been burgeoning, efforts to comprehensively understand the unique barriers and facilitators of mental health services across refugee subpopulations remain fragmented. Our study explored the barriers and facilitators of mental health services experienced by the resettled Bhutanese refugee population in a Midwestern city in the USA using a two-phased sequential explanatory mixed-methods study (N = 46). Study findings draw much needed attention to culturally grounded solutions generated by the community to reduce barriers and increase facilitators of mental health engagement. Building on community-generated solutions and expanding the capacity of local community-based ethnic organisations will be the first step in providing services that are truly responsive to the cultural needs of the Bhutanese refugee population. Recognition of refugee communities’ unique collective strengths will be much needed to holistically collaborate with these new members of the society to promote mental well-being and foster a sense of inclusion and belonging, especially in the post-coronavirus pandemic context. Our study also contributes to emerging knowledge on methodological rigor in research amongst understudied, hard-to-reach populations.
Awkward Encounters with Sarah Waters: Shame, Reading, and Queer Subjectivity
Authors: Zhang Muren 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFocusing on Sarah Waters’s Tipping the Velvet (1998) and Affinity (1999), this article examines how the reader-pleasure afforded by contemporary reimaginings of Victorian lesbianism accommodates the complicated emotional response of shame. Through an investigation of how both texts relate queer experience to shame and what narrative strategies facilitate or induce shame in the reader during their reading experience, this article argues that Waters’s work invites a more sophisticated analysis of shame: one that relates to, and arguably reproduces, the empathetic engagement between the text and the reader. In so doing, this article demonstrates the importance of affect and narrative studies in unpacking the complicated reading pleasure afforded by Waters’s writings and its political potentials.
Political economy and the pursuit of universal health coverage in Ghana: a case study of the National Health Insurance Scheme
Authors: Novignon Jacob , Lanko Charles , Arthur Eric 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The road to universal health coverage depends on resources committed to the health sector. In many cases, the political structure and strength of advocacy play an important role in setting budgets for health. However, this has, until recently, not been of interest to health system researchers and policymakers. In this study, we document the political path to the establishment of the Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) as well as continuous political interest in the scheme. To achieve our objectives, we used qualitative data from interviews with key stakeholders. These include stakeholders instrumental in the design and establishment of the NHIS. We also reviewed party manifestoes from the two main political parties in the country. Promises relating to the NHIS were extracted from the various manifestos and analysed. Other documents that account for the design and implementation of the scheme were reviewed. We found that the establishment of the NHIS was down to political commitment and effective engagement with relevant stakeholders. It was considered a solution to the political promise to remove user fees and make healthcare accessible to all. A review of the manifestos shows that in almost every election year after the NHIS was established, there has been some promise related to improving the scheme. There were several policy propositions repeated in different election years. The findings imply that advocacy to get health financing on the political agenda is crucial. This should start from the development of party manifestos. It is important to also ensure that proposed party policies are consistent with national priorities in the medium to long term.
Policy processes leading to the adoption of ‘Jamie’s Ministry of Food’ programme in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Clarke Brydie , Kwon Janelle , Swinburn Boyd , Sacks Gary 
Published: May 2021

Summary
This study investigated the policy processes related to the 2012 adoption of the Jamie’s Ministry of Food programme by the Victorian Government in Australia. The aim was to provide insight into obesity prevention policy change processes to help strengthen future health promotion action. State-level government policy processes were examined through key informant interviews and a review of relevant documentation. Data were analysed using the Multiple Streams Theory and the Advocacy Coalition Framework in order to understand influences on relevant policy processes and strategies used by policy advocates to facilitate policy adoption. We found that policy adoption was facilitated by dedicated national funding for preventive health at that time, the relatively small number of stakeholders involved in the policy development process and the anticipated support for the programme by the general public due to the association with celebrity chef, Jamie Oliver. We identified that policy brokers aligned the policy with decision-maker ideologies and broader government objectives, and proactively managed potential criticisms. Evidence of intervention effectiveness was not a major driver of policy adoption. We conclude that, iven the complexity of policy processes for obesity prevention, multiple, reinforcing strategies are likely to be needed to facilitate policy change. Support for the adoption of obesity prevention policies is likely to increase when framing of policy options aligns with decision-maker values and has broad public appeal.
Combining acoustic tracking and hydrodynamic modelling to study migratory behaviour of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts on entry into high-energy coastal waters
Authors: Mcilvenny J , Youngson A , Williamson B J , Gauld N R , Goddijn- Murphy L , Del Villar-Guerra D 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMigration from fresh water to the marine environment is a crucial, transitional stage in the development of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). This study used a combination of acoustic tracking, instrument data, and hydrodynamic modelling to examine behaviour of juvenile salmon (smolts) during their transition from fresh water to the marine environment. The study focuses on a high-energy coastal environment in northern Scotland, which is currently being developed for renewable energy extraction and where there is potential for negative impacts on salmon with energy extraction devices and structures. Thirty-four smolts were captured in the River Wick in Caithness and tagged with acoustic tags transmitting at 69 kHz. The Telemac–Mascaret modelling suite was utilized to construct a three-dimensional model of the study area and surrounding waters to estimate smolt-current interactions during detection times. Timing of migration was linked to low-light conditions, with smolts mainly exiting the river at night and when the moon was below the horizon. The movement of most of the tags conformed with modelled tidal currents and the tracks matched modelled marine tidal patterns. Smolts were detected only on a single tide suggesting that they rapidly cleared the vicinity of the receiver array.