bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a DNA demethylating agent in combination with all-trans retinoic acid for IDH1-mutant gliomas
Authors: da Costa Rosa Marina , Yamashita Alex Shimura , Riggins Gregory J 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH1/2) mutations are diagnostic for Astrocytoma or Oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant. In these IDH-mutant gliomas, retinoic acid-related gene expression is commonly silenced by DNA hypermethylation. DNA demethylating agents can epigenetically reprogram IDH-mutant cells and reduce proliferation, likely by re-expression of silenced tumor suppressor pathways. We hypothesized that DNA demethylation might restore the retinoic acid pathway and slow tumor growth. This was the rationale for a preclinical evaluation combining the DNA demethylating agent, 5-Azacytidine (5-Aza), and retinoic acid pathway activation with all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) in IDH-mutant glioma.

Methods
In this study, we evaluated the effect of 5-Aza and atRA combination on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and gene expression in human glioma cells. In addition, the efficacy of this combination was tested in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) bearing the IDH1R132H mutation, utilizing subcutaneous and orthotopic models.

Results
5-Aza reduced the DNA methylation profile and increased the gene expression of retinoic acid-related genes. Combination of 5-Aza and atRA reduced cell growth, increased differentiation marker expression, and apoptosis in IDH1R132H glioma cells. Mechanistically, 5-Aza sensitized IDHIR132H glioma cells to atRA via upregulation of the retinoic acid pathway. Importantly, the drug combination reduced significantly the growth rate of subcutaneous tumors, but in an orthotopic mouse model, the combination did not improve survival and 5-Aza alone provided the best survival benefit.

Conclusion
Use of DNA demethylating agent in combination with retinoids shows promise, but further optimization and preclinical studies are required for treatment of intracranial IDH-mutant gliomas.
Effects of Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis supplementation on gastrointestinal symptoms: systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Araújo Maísa Miranda , Vogado Carolina de Oliveira , Mendes Marcela Moraes , Gonçalves Vivian Siqueira Santos , Botelho Patrícia Borges 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Context
The effects of probiotics on gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms have been increasingly investigated, particularly that of Bifidobacterium animalis. Clinical trials so far have shown differing evidence regarding these effects in healthy adults.

Objective
To synthesize the published evidence on the effects of B. animalis subspecies lactis on GI symptoms (GIS) in healthy adults.

Data Source
A search of the Medline, Embase, Lilacs, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases was conducted for reports on randomized controlled trials published up to October 2021.

Data Extraction
Population characteristics and data on colonic transit time (CTT), stool consistency, defecation frequency, abdominal pain, bloating, flatulence, volunteer compliance, and adverse events were extracted. A random-effects model was used to estimate the effect of probiotic treatment on these variables.

Data Synthesis
In total, 1551 studies were identified, of which 14 were included in the qualitative synthesis and 13 in the meta-analysis. Overall, probiotic supplementation increased defecation frequency (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.26; 95%CI, 0.13–0.39). Subgroup analysis revealed a decrease in CTT (SMD, −0.34; 95%CI, −0.62 to −0.07) in short-term treatment (≤14 d) and an improvement in stool consistency (SMD, 0.76; 95%CI, 0.44–1.08) in individuals without GIS. No improvement in abdominal pain and bloating was found.

Conclusions
B. animalis subspecies lactis supplementation may increase defecation frequency and, in short-term treatment, may reduce CTT in healthy adults and improve stool consistency in individuals without GIS. More high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to develop a clinical protocol for the use of this strain to improve these symptoms.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020154060.
Chronic fatigue syndrome and occupational status: a retrospective longitudinal study
Authors: Stevelink S A M , Mark K M , Fear N T , Hotopf M , Chalder T 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Few studies into chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) have emphasized work-related consequences, including return to work after illness.

Aims
This paper explores socio-demographic, work and clinical characteristics that are associated with occupational status among patients who were assessed at baseline and a follow-up point.

Methods
Longitudinal data were assessed from patients affected by CFS who attended an outpatient CFS treatment service between 2007 and 2014. Employment status at baseline and follow-up was available for 316 patients. Data were also included on gender, age, duration of CFS, fatigue severity, type and number of treatment sessions, coping strategies, functional impairment, common mental disorders and physical functioning.

Results
Most patients were female (73%) and had been affected by CFS for longer than 2 years (66%). Patients were followed up for an average of 285 days and over this period 53% of patients who were working remained in employment. Of the patients who were not working at baseline, 9% had returned to work at follow-up. However, of those working at baseline, 6% were unable to continue to work at follow-up. Age, fatigue severity, functional impairment, cognitive and behavioural responses, and depressive symptoms impacted on a patients’ work status at follow-up.

Conclusions
The findings indicated that it is possible for people with CFS to remain in work or return to work, despite having had a disabling illness. Work-related outcomes should be targeted in all people of working age.
Glitching the Gendered Voice
Authors: Geffen Sasha 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Since recording technology first severed the human voice from its originating body, the uncanniness of the sourceless voice has coincided with theoreticizations of queerness. The concept of homosexuality and the proliferation of home phonographs emerged at around the same point in history, and both interventions confounded traditional imaginings of domesticity, intimacy, and communion. As playback technology has grown more responsive and complex, so have defections from normative gender and heterosexuality. Electronic voice processing furthers the confusion of source presented by playback, making electronic music an especially rich field of expression for queer and transgender musicians in particular. This chapter traces the technologically mutated voice through the past century of recording, focusing on its relationship to unruly expressions of gender from electronic music’s origins to its present iterations. Though not only queer artists have participated in this evolutionary process, this chapter highlights the ways trans musicians in particular have used glitch and distortion to rupture the habit of listening for normative gender, sounding new ways of moving and being in their wake.
Why Is(n’t) Ambient so White?
Authors: Szabo Victor 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter investigates why white and light-skinned artists have long dominated representations of ambient music, a popular (sub)genre of electronic music and style of EDM, within anglophone EDM scenes and media discourses. It explores how early discourses on ambient implicitly shaped the genre’s aesthetics around idealizations of hip highbrow and high-middlebrow white masculinity. Starting in the 1970s and 80s, these discourses tacitly disregarded the relevance of genres racialized as non-white to ambient’s ideals of aesthetic experimentation, affective detachment, cerebral introspection, and physical ease. EDM-oriented discourses reified the putative whiteness of this formation in the early 1990s by repeatedly attaching the ambient label to the expressions of white men while describing the music, by way of a racialized and gendered mind-body binary, as the “beatless” emanation of disembodied mind(s), rather than of individuals. This history illuminates how popular genres become racialized through feedback loops of musical production and discursive categorization. In the course of tracing this history, the author proposes that a discursive framework of “strategic anti-genre-essentialism,” which positions genres as processes rather than categories, may help to undermine essentialist assumptions about music and race without dismissing them.
Vocal music in medieval Ireland
Authors: Kelly Fergus 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter considers the evidence of medieval Irish vocal music which can be found in surviving Old and Middle Irish texts. The texts contain many references to public singing in secular contexts and indicate that the normal practice was for songs to be sung by a single man or woman or by groups of either men or women. A prestigious type of chant or song called aidbsiu ‘poetic recitation’ is distinguished from a martial singing mode described as dord (or andord), the basic meaning of which is ‘humming, buzzing’ and which has the capacity to mesmerize those who hear it. In the Fenian tales, the phrase dord fiansa ‘the hum of the war-band’ is used of a type of singing practised by young warriors, accompanied by the rhythmic banging of the shafts of their spears. Extempore group-singing by women is described as cepóc; another category of singing is coíniud ‘keening of the dead’, which regularly incurred the disapproval of the Church, but continued to be practised into modern times.
Fearless song
Authors: Ní Shíocháin Tríona 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Máire Bhuí Ní Laeire, a farmer’s wife who could neither read nor write, gained great acclaim in the oral tradition from the late eighteenth century due to her exceptional abilities at song making and the uncompromising disdain for the colonial establishment expressed therein. Her compositions are most closely associated with the period from the 1820s onward when the Rockite agrarian movement was at its strongest, and when millenarian belief was widespread among members of that agrarian secret society. Her songs represent an alternative tradition of thought that lived in the elusive moment of performance itself, fostered by a rich oral culture that existed parallel to official written accounts. In this unofficial, though highly influential, sphere of idea-making, the illiterate female song poet would engage with the most pressing political concerns of her community and society, demonstrating the sheer power of song for political engagement and thought formation. Three key elements of Ní Laeire’s work and legacy will be considered herein: oral aesthetics, oral composition, and training; representations of prophecy and parrhesia in the songs themselves; and a re-appraisal of the role of the illiterate Irish-speaking female song poet in the history of anti-colonial thought and activism.
Aspects of Irish-language song transmission in Munster, 1700–1850
Authors: Ó Gealbháin Ciarán 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter looks at Irish-language song transmission in the Munster region in the eighteenth and the first half of the nineteenth century. As musical airs were ascribed to written poetry with greater and greater frequency in manuscript sources throughout the eighteenth century, the suggested airs to which this sung poetry circulated will be discussed, and reference made to the oeuvre of the most prominent of the eighteenth-century Munster poets, who often set their poetry to the popular tunes of their day. Aspects of oral and literary transmission of song will be given consideration, before focusing on two important collections of Irish song, taken from the field in the mid-nineteenth century.
‘Out of a reverie, and as if giving unconscious expression to a deep internal feeling’
Authors: Nic Lochlainn Sorcha 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter discusses the songs which were performed to accompany the labour of clothmaking in Gaelic-speaking areas of Ireland and Scotland. Clothmaking was predominantly women’s work, and these songs provide us with an insight into the preoccupations of song-poets whose compositions are unlikely to have been preserved elsewhere in the tradition. There are deep underlying similarities between the Irish and Scottish clothmaking corpora which have not been discussed in any detail to date; there are also indications that the liminal context of clothmaking songs demonstrates a degree of overlap with other elements of Gaelic tradition, particularly in the contexts of matchmaking and fertility and in the reassertion of physical boundaries seen, for example, in traditional May Day celebrations.
‘Their lamentable hone’
Authors: Coolahan Marie-Louise , Hamrick Wes 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines the sounds and voices of caoineadh (keen), an Irish Gaelic form of lament, associated with performance by women as part of the burial process and with the female expression of political protest. It opens with a study of the sounds of caoineadh, setting non-Gaelic, often travellers’ accounts, from the 1570s through to the 1770s, in context with the genre’s long-established formal conventions of metre, rhyme, and theme. This is grounded in a critical history of the genre and illustrated with examples from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Questions of oral transmission, performance, textual authority, and authenticity are crucial to the history of the surviving texts and, therefore, central to the discussion.
The Bible and American Empire
Authors: Newman Judith H. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The influence of the Bible in the shaping of American empire is rooted in the colonial era but is most clearly in evidence in the nineteenth century. In the spirit of postcolonial frameworks, this chapter seeks to lay bare some of the ways in which scriptural discourse undergirded the religious, political, and cultural power of Anglo-American settlers that legitimated the land dispossession of Native Americans and enslavement of African Americans. The first part of the chapter contrasts some alternative epistemologies about mapping land by colonial settlers, Native Americans, and Mormons. The second half of the chapter evaluates the racialized interpretations of the myth of Ham that supported the southern plantation “slaveocracy” and some alternative scriptural interpretations offered by African Americans in their aspirations for liberation from slavery and equal treatment in society.
Theoretical Problems of Soviet Underground Culture
Authors: Lipovetsky Mark , Glanc Tomáš , Engström Maria , Kukuj Ilja , Smola Klavdia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article presents a spectrum of theoretical problems associated with the Soviet artistic underground as a historical and cultural phenomenon. The central focus is on constellating issues of terminology and definition around the borders of underground culture in the USSR, within scholarship about it. As a theoretical hypothesis of the handbook, the chapter introduces the concept of the lifeworld, which the volume editors and contributors interpret as a synthetic multimedia nexus of a given nonconformist circle’s activities, both artistic and cultural. The underground lifeworld manifests the aesthetic discourse idiosyncratic for each artistic circle and serves as the source of semi-spontaneous “relational art” that absorbs and generates artworks, along with performative and communicative practices. Through the concept of the aestheticized lifeworld, the authors of this article define the historical specificity of the Soviet artistic underground in relation to the Russian historical avant-garde and Western neo-avant-garde.
OBERIU and the Conversations of the Lipavsky Circle
Authors: Ostashevsky Eugene 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article distinguishes the avant-garde group OBERIU and its predecessors, led by the poets Daniil Kharms, Alexander Vvedensky, and Nikolai Zabolotsky and performing openly in Leningrad between 1925 and 1930, from the informal circle of the 1930s, which also included the poet Nikolai Oleinikov and the philosophers Leonid Lipavsky and Yakov Druskin. Prevented from making their writings public, in 1933–1934 members of this underground circle of friends documented their interactions in Lipavsky’s Conversations. A history of the two overlapping groups, emphasizing their social aspects, is followed by a synopsis of the philosophy of the circle. The article argues that the montage-based composition paradigms of the avant-garde, replacing determinism, causality, and rationality with contiguity and the non sequitur, are reflected in Kharmsian play with numbers and in his concept of the “real,” as well as in the phenomenological methods of Druskin and Lipavsky, which seek perspectival, qualitative, and embodied knowledge that science cannot grant.
Mikhail Kuzmin and the Underground
Authors: Bogomolov Nikolai 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article focuses on the role of the poet, playwright, and novelist Mikhail Kuzmin as one of the first underground authors, whose circle in the 1920s–1930s became a prototype for analogous communities in the 1960s–1970s. Kuzmin had been associated with OBERIU and Nikolai Kliuev during his lifetime. The posthumous influences of Kuzmin’s poetry and drama are detected and discussed in the works of such underground authors as Vsevolod Petrov, Andrei Egunov, Joseph Brodsky, and Evgenii Rein, as well as such “in-betweeners” as Aleksandr Kushner and Oleg Chukhontsev.
The Urbanites and the New Existentialism
Authors: Osipova Anastasiya 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Gorozhane (The Urbanites) was the first independent literary association to seek official recognition since the early 1930s. As such, the group represents the emergence of a transitional social sphere in the Soviet Union. While insisting on their autonomy and non-engagement with Soviet cultural and political life, the Urbanites nevertheless were not content to remain underground and sought recognition from official Soviet institutions. The group is also an example of the simultaneous adaptation and depoliticization of early revolutionary culture in the 1960s. Actively modeling themselves on the literary collectives of the early post-revolutionary period and drawing on the arsenal of literary tools developed by Russian and Soviet modernists (Andrey Platonov, Isaac Babel, Yuri Olesha, and others), the Urbanites nevertheless viewed literature as a radically autonomous sphere, existing outside of politics, history, and ideology, and adopted modernist literary devices without regard for the historical circumstances and ideological conflicts that shaped them.
Tamizdat as a Literary Practice and Political Institution
Authors: Klots Yasha 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article seeks to define tamizdat as a literary practice and political institution of the late Soviet era. Comprising manuscripts rejected, censored, or never submitted for publication at home but smuggled through various channels out of the country and printed elsewhere, with or without their authors’ knowledge or consent, tamizdat contributed to the formation of the twentieth-century Russian literary canon. Tamizdat thus mediated the relationships of authors in Russia with the Soviet literary establishment on the one hand and with the underground on the other, while the very prospect of having their works published abroad, let alone the consequences of such a transgression, affected these authors’ choices and ideological positions in regard to both fields. The article argues, along these lines, that tamizdat was as emblematic of the literary scene after Stalin as its more familiar and better researched domestic counterparts, samizdat and gosizdat, whereby the traditional notion of late Soviet culture as a binary opposition between the official and underground fields is reinvented, instead, as a transnationally dynamic three-dimensional model.
A = 440
Authors: McMakin Patrick , Snodgrass Jennifer 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter discusses the music theory and aural skills practiced daily by an important and influential segment of the public: the session musicians, engineers, songwriters, and producers in the recording studios and publishing houses of Nashville’s Music Row. Through interviews with leading engineers and studio musicians, the chapter reveals that particular kinds of music theoretical knowledge and aural skills are valued in these contexts. Efficiency and accuracy are prized during recording sessions, and there are high expectations for the fluid and immediate application of practical knowledge and skills to writing, recording, producing, and performing music. While some in these situations have had formal, academic training in music theory, that is not true of everyone. Some terminology from academic music theory is valuable, but there is also the need for additional terminology and systems in order to develop a common language for all participants. This chapter provides detailed information about an important aspect of this common language, the Nashville Number System, a musical shorthand developed within the studios of Music Row that now has currency among musicians around the world, bringing music theory to an ever-expanding public.
Hans Keller and the Media of Analysis
Authors: O’Hara William 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Developed in the late 1950s, Hans Keller’s method of “functional analysis” (FA) sought to analyze music in audible form, without verbal argument or conceptual labels. Keller composed analytical interludes which repeated, recontextualized, and recomposed recognizable thematic and rhythmic elements from the compositions he studied, and placed them in between the movements of those works in live performances or radio broadcasts. Drawing on early twentieth-century music analysis, mid-century media theory, and recent studies of analysis for performance, this chapter reads Keller’s early analyses against a series of annual updates he published, chronicling FA’s development from a polemical philosophy of music criticism to a dynamic mode of wordless musical argument.
The Moral Risks of Online Shaming
Authors: Thomason Krista K. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Shaming behaviour on social media has been the cause of concern in recent public discourse. Supporters of online shaming argue that it is an important tool in helping to make social media and online communities safer and more welcoming to traditionally marginalized groups. Objections to shaming often sound like high-minded calls for civility, but this chapter argues that shaming behaviour poses serious risks. It identifies the moral and political risks of online shaming. In particular, shaming threatens to undermine our commitment to the co-deliberative practices of morality. As a result, online shaming can undermine the very goals it is supposed to accomplish.
Newton’s Matter Theory
Authors: Kochiras Hylarie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Newton’s ideas about matter and bodies in connection with traditional questions about nature and structure, also examining an important crossover into his quantitative approach. It begins with his early proclivity for ontologically prior parts and atomism itself, then considering their effect upon his ideas about natural kinds; his composition theory; and his explanatory shift from the aether to forces. His most metaphysical account of body, articulated in De gravitatione and belonging to a broader account of substance, is then examined. Rather than employing a substratum, the account reduces bodies solely to powers and attributes, which themselves establish material dimensionality. The penultimate section examines a crossover of some matter-theoretic ideas into the Principia’s very different theoretical context, where they threaten his argument for universal gravitation. It shows that his unjustified assumption of matter’s inertial homogeneity derives from his old atomist commitments.