bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing network dynamics of online hate communities around the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Uyheng Joshua , Carley Kathleen M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHate speech has long posed a serious problem for the integrity of digital platforms. Although significant progress has been made in identifying hate speech in its various forms, prevailing computational approaches have tended to consider it in isolation from the community-based contexts in which it spreads. In this paper, we propose a dynamic network framework to characterize hate communities, focusing on Twitter conversations related to COVID-19 in the United States and the Philippines. While average hate scores remain fairly consistent over time, hate communities grow increasingly organized in March, then slowly disperse in the succeeding months. This pattern is robust to fluctuations in the number of network clusters and average cluster size. Infodemiological analysis demonstrates that in both countries, the spread of hate speech around COVID-19 features similar reproduction rates as other COVID-19 information on Twitter, with spikes in hate speech generation at time points with highest community-level organization of hate speech. Identity analysis further reveals that hate in the US initially targets political figures, then grows predominantly racially charged; in the Philippines, targets of hate consistently remain political over time. Finally, we demonstrate that higher levels of community hate are consistently associated with smaller, more isolated, and highly hierarchical network clusters across both contexts. This suggests potentially shared structural conditions for the effective spread of hate speech in online communities even when functionally targeting distinct identity groups. Our findings bear theoretical and methodological implications for the scientific study of hate speech and understanding the pandemic’s broader societal impacts both online and offline.
Generic non-singular Poisson suspension is of type III1
Authors: DANILENKO ALEXANDRE I. , KOSLOFF ZEMER , ROY EMMANUEL 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIt is shown that for a dense$G_\delta $-subset of the subgroup of non-singular transformations (of a standard infinite$\sigma $-finite measure space) whose Poisson suspensions are non-singular, the corresponding Poisson suspensions are ergodic and of Krieger’s type III1.
Using10Be dating to determine when the Cordilleran Ice Sheet stopped flowing over the Canadian Rocky Mountains
Authors: Dulfer Helen E. , Margold Martin , Engel Zbynĕk , Braucher Régis , Team Aster 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDuring the last glacial maximum the Cordilleran and Laurentide ice sheets coalesced east of the Rocky Mountains and geomorphological evidence indicates ice flowed over the main ridge of the Rocky Mountains between ~54–56°N. However, this ice flow has thus far remained unconstrained in time. Here we use in situ produced cosmogenic10Be dating to determine when Cordilleran ice stopped flowing over the mountain range. We dated eight samples from two sites: one on the western side (Mount Morfee) and one on the eastern side (Mount Spieker) of the Rocky Mountains. At Mount Spieker, one sample is rejected as an outlier and the remaining three give an apparent weighted mean exposure age of 15.6 ± 0.6 ka. The four samples at Mount Morfee are well clustered in time and give an apparent weighted mean exposure age of 12.2 ± 0.4 ka. These ages indicate that Mount Spieker became ice free before the Bølling warming and that the western front of the Rocky Mountains (Mount Morfee) remained in contact with the Cordilleran Ice Sheet until the Younger Dryas.
Ciclopirox and bortezomib synergistically inhibits glioblastoma multiforme growth via simultaneously enhancing JNK/p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling
Authors: Su Zhipeng , Han Shengnan , Jin Qiumei , Zhou Ningning , Lu Junwan , Shangguan Fugen , Yu Shiyi , Liu Yongzhang , Wang Lu , Lu Jianglong , Li Qun , Cai Lin , Wang Chengde , Tian Xiaohe , Chen Lingyan , Zheng Weiming , Lu Bin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCiclopirox (CPX) is an antifungal drug that has recently been reported to act as a potential anticancer drug. However, the effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of CPX on glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remain unknown. Bortezomib (BTZ) is the first proteasome inhibitor-based anticancer drug approved to treat multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma, as BTZ exhibits toxic effects on diverse tumor cells. Herein, we show that CPX displays strong anti-tumorigenic activity on GBM. Mechanistically, CPX inhibits GBM cellular migration and invasion by reducing N-Cadherin, MMP9 and Snail expression. Further analysis revealed that CPX suppresses the expression of several key subunits of mitochondrial enzyme complex, thus leading to the disruption of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in GBM cells. In combination with BTZ, CPX promotes apoptosis in GBM cells through the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Moreover, CPX and BTZ synergistically activates nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling and induces cellular senescence. Our findings suggest that a combination of CPX and BTZ may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy to enhance the anticancer activity of CPX against GBM.
A molecular architectural design that promises potent antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant pathogens
Authors: Yuan Bing , Liu Jiaojiao , Deng Zhixiong , Wei Lin , Li Wenwen , Dou Yujiang , Chen Zhonglan , Zhang Che , Xia Yu , Wang Jing , Zhang Mengling , Yang Kai , Ma Yuqiang , Kang Zhenhui 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAddressing the devastating threat of drug-resistant pathogens requires the discovery of new antibiotics with advanced action mechanisms and/or novel strategies for drug design. Herein, from a biophysical perspective, we design a class of synthetic antibacterial complexes with specialized architectures based on melittin (Mel), a natural antimicrobial peptide, and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), a clinically available agent, as building blocks that show potent and architecture-modulated antibacterial activity. Among the complexes, the flexibly linear complex consisting of one Mel terminally connected with a long-chained PEG (e.g., PEG12k–1*Mel) shows the most pronounced improvement in performance compared with pristine Mel, with up to 500% improvement in antimicrobial efficiency, excellent in vitro activity against multidrug-resistant pathogens (over a range of minimal inhibitory concentrations of 2–32 µg mL−1), a 68% decrease in in vitro cytotoxicity, and a 57% decrease in in vivo acute toxicity. A lipid-specific mode of action in membrane recognition and an accelerated “channel” effect in perforating the bacterial membrane of the complex are described. Our results introduce a new way to design highly efficient and low-toxicity antimicrobial drugs based on architectural modulations with clinically available agents.
Correlation holes and slow dynamics induced by fractional statistics in gapped quantum spin liquids
Authors: Hart Oliver , Wan Yuan , Castelnovo Claudio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRealistic model Hamiltonians for quantum spin liquids frequently exhibit a large separation of energy scales between their elementary excitations. At intermediate, experimentally relevant temperatures, some excitations are sparse and hop coherently, whereas others are thermally incoherent and dense. Here, we study the interplay of two such species of quasiparticle, dubbed spinons and visons, which are subject to nontrivial mutual statistics – one of the hallmarks of quantum spin liquid behaviour. Our results for $${{\mathbb{Z}}}_{2}$$

Z

2

quantum spin liquids show an intriguing feedback mechanism, akin to the Nagaoka effect, whereby spinons become localised on temperature-dependent patches of expelled visons. This phenomenon has important consequences for the thermodynamic and transport properties of the system, as well as for its response to quenches in temperature. We argue that these effects can be measured in experiments and may provide viable avenues for obtaining signatures of quantum spin liquid behaviour.
Exploring the roles of roughness, friction and adhesion in discontinuous shear thickening by means of thermo-responsive particles
Authors: Hsu Chiao-Peng , Mandal Joydeb , Ramakrishna Shivaprakash N. , Spencer Nicholas D. , Isa Lucio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDense suspensions of colloidal or granular particles can display pronounced non-Newtonian behaviour, such as discontinuous shear thickening and shear jamming. The essential contribution of particle surface roughness and adhesive forces confirms that stress-activated frictional contacts can play a key role in these phenomena. Here, by employing a system of microparticles coated by responsive polymers, we report experimental evidence that the relative contributions of friction, adhesion, and surface roughness can be tuned in situ as a function of temperature. Modifying temperature during shear therefore allows contact conditions to be regulated, and discontinuous shear thickening to be switched on and off on demand. The macroscopic rheological response follows the dictates of independent single-particle characterization of adhesive and tribological properties, obtained by colloidal-probe atomic force microscopy. Our findings identify additional routes for the design of smart non-Newtonian fluids and open a way to more directly connect experiments to computational models of sheared suspensions.
Perceptions of the appropriate response to norm violation in 57 societies
Authors: Eriksson Kimmo , Strimling Pontus , Gelfand Michele , Wu Junhui , Abernathy Jered , Akotia Charity S. , Aldashev Alisher , Andersson Per A. , Andrighetto Giulia , Anum Adote , Arikan Gizem , Aycan Zeynep , Bagherian Fatemeh , Barrera Davide , Basnight-Brown Dana , Batkeyev Birzhan , Belaus Anabel , Berezina Elizaveta , Björnstjerna Marie , Blumen Sheyla , Boski Paweł , Bou Zeineddine Fouad , Bovina Inna , Huyen Bui Thi Thu , Cardenas Juan-Camilo , Čekrlija Đorđe , Choi Hoon-Seok , Contreras-Ibáñez Carlos C. , Costa-Lopes Rui , de Barra Mícheál , de Zoysa Piyanjali , Dorrough Angela , Dvoryanchikov Nikolay , Eller Anja , Engelmann Jan B. , Euh Hyun , Fang Xia , Fiedler Susann , Foster-Gimbel Olivia A. , Fülöp Márta , Gardarsdottir Ragna B. , Gill C. M. Hew D. , Glöckner Andreas , Graf Sylvie , Grigoryan Ani , Gritskov Vladimir , Growiec Katarzyna , Halama Peter , Hartanto Andree , Hopthrow Tim , Hřebíčková Martina , Iliško Dzintra , Imada Hirotaka , Kapoor Hansika , Kawakami Kerry , Khachatryan Narine , Kharchenko Natalia , Khoury Ninetta , Kiyonari Toko , Kohút Michal , Linh Lê Thuỳ , Leslie Lisa M. , Li Yang , Li Norman P. , Li Zhuo , Liik Kadi , Maitner Angela T. , Manhique Bernardo , Manley Harry , Medhioub Imed , Mentser Sari , Mohammed Linda , Nejat Pegah , Nipassa Orlando , Nussinson Ravit , Onyedire Nneoma G. , Onyishi Ike E. , Özden Seniha , Panagiotopoulou Penny , Perez-Floriano Lorena R. , Persson Minna S. , Pheko Mpho , Pirttilä-Backman Anna-Maija , Pogosyan Marianna , Raver Jana , Reyna Cecilia , Rodrigues Ricardo Borges , Romanò Sara , Romero Pedro P. , Sakki Inari , San Martin Alvaro , Sherbaji Sara , Shimizu Hiroshi , Simpson Brent , Szabo Erna , Takemura Kosuke , Tieffi Hassan , Mendes Teixeira Maria Luisa , Thanomkul Napoj , Tiliouine Habib , Travaglino Giovanni A. , Tsirbas Yannis , Wan Richard , Widodo Sita , Zein Rizqy , Zhang Qing-peng , Zirganou-Kazolea Lina , Van Lange Paul A. M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNorm enforcement may be important for resolving conflicts and promoting cooperation. However, little is known about how preferred responses to norm violations vary across cultures and across domains. In a preregistered study of 57 countries (using convenience samples of 22,863 students and non-students), we measured perceptions of the appropriateness of various responses to a violation of a cooperative norm and to atypical social behaviors. Our findings highlight both cultural universals and cultural variation. We find a universal negative relation between appropriateness ratings of norm violations and appropriateness ratings of responses in the form of confrontation, social ostracism and gossip. Moreover, we find the country variation in the appropriateness of sanctions to be consistent across different norm violations but not across different sanctions. Specifically, in those countries where use of physical confrontation and social ostracism is rated as less appropriate, gossip is rated as more appropriate.
Mitochondrial arginase-2 is essential for IL-10 metabolic reprogramming of inflammatory macrophages
Authors: Dowling Jennifer K. , Afzal Remsha , Gearing Linden J. , Cervantes-Silva Mariana P. , Annett Stephanie , Davis Gavin M. , De Santi Chiara , Assmann Nadine , Dettmer Katja , Gough Daniel J. , Bantug Glenn R. , Hamid Fidinny I. , Nally Frances K. , Duffy Conor P. , Gorman Aoife L. , Liddicoat Alex M. , Lavelle Ed C. , Hess Christoph , Oefner Peter J. , Finlay David K. , Davey Gavin P. , Robson Tracy , Curtis Annie M. , Hertzog Paul J. , Williams Bryan R. G. , McCoy Claire E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMitochondria are important regulators of macrophage polarisation. Here, we show that arginase-2 (Arg2) is a microRNA-155 (miR-155) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) regulated protein localized at the mitochondria in inflammatory macrophages, and is critical for IL-10-induced modulation of mitochondrial dynamics and oxidative respiration. Mechanistically, the catalytic activity and presence of Arg2 at the mitochondria is crucial for oxidative phosphorylation. We further show that Arg2 mediates this process by increasing the activity of complex II (succinate dehydrogenase). Moreover, Arg2 is essential for IL-10-mediated downregulation of the inflammatory mediators succinate, hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and IL-1β in vitro. Accordingly, HIF-1α and IL-1β are highly expressed in an LPS-induced in vivo model of acute inflammation using Arg2−/− mice. These findings shed light on a new arm of IL-10-mediated metabolic regulation, working to resolve the inflammatory status of the cell.
Mutant Huntingtin stalls ribosomes and represses protein synthesis in a cellular model of Huntington disease
Authors: Eshraghi Mehdi , Karunadharma Pabalu P. , Blin Juliana , Shahani Neelam , Ricci Emiliano P. , Michel Audrey , Urban Nicolai T. , Galli Nicole , Sharma Manish , Ramírez-Jarquín Uri Nimrod , Florescu Katie , Hernandez Jennifer , Subramaniam Srinivasa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe polyglutamine expansion of huntingtin (mHTT) causes Huntington disease (HD) and neurodegeneration, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we found that mHtt promotes ribosome stalling and suppresses protein synthesis in mouse HD striatal neuronal cells. Depletion of mHtt enhances protein synthesis and increases the speed of ribosomal translocation, while mHtt directly inhibits protein synthesis in vitro. Fmrp, a known regulator of ribosome stalling, is upregulated in HD, but its depletion has no discernible effect on protein synthesis or ribosome stalling in HD cells. We found interactions of ribosomal proteins and translating ribosomes with mHtt. High-resolution global ribosome footprint profiling (Ribo-Seq) and mRNA-Seq indicates a widespread shift in ribosome occupancy toward the 5′ and 3′ end and unique single-codon pauses on selected mRNA targets in HD cells, compared to controls. Thus, mHtt impedes ribosomal translocation during translation elongation, a mechanistic defect that can be exploited for HD therapeutics.
Atomic-layer Rashba-type superconductor protected by dynamic spin-momentum locking
Authors: Yoshizawa Shunsuke , Kobayashi Takahiro , Nakata Yoshitaka , Yaji Koichiro , Yokota Kenta , Komori Fumio , Shin Shik , Sakamoto Kazuyuki , Uchihashi Takashi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSpin-momentum locking is essential to the spin-split Fermi surfaces of inversion-symmetry broken materials, which are caused by either Rashba-type or Zeeman-type spin-orbit coupling (SOC). While the effect of Zeeman-type SOC on superconductivity has experimentally been shown recently, that of Rashba-type SOC remains elusive. Here we report on convincing evidence for the critical role of the spin-momentum locking on crystalline atomic-layer superconductors on surfaces, for which the presence of the Rashba-type SOC is demonstrated. In-situ electron transport measurements reveal that in-plane upper critical magnetic field is anomalously enhanced, reaching approximately three times the Pauli limit at T = 0. Our quantitative analysis clarifies that dynamic spin-momentum locking, a mechanism where spin is forced to flip at every elastic electron scattering, suppresses the Cooper pair-breaking parameter by orders of magnitude and thereby protects superconductivity. The present result provides a new insight into how superconductivity can survive the detrimental effects of strong magnetic fields and exchange interactions.
Productive Ecosystems and the arrow of development
Authors: O’Clery Neave , Yıldırım Muhammed Ali , Hausmann Ricardo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEconomic growth is associated with the diversification of economic activities, which can be observed via the evolution of product export baskets. Exporting a new product is dependent on having, and acquiring, a specific set of capabilities, making the diversification process path-dependent. Taking an agnostic view on the identity of the capabilities, here we derive a probabilistic model for the directed dynamical process of capability accumulation and product diversification of countries. Using international trade data, we identify the set of pre-existing products, the product Ecosystem, that enables a product to be exported competitively. We construct a directed network of products, the Eco Space, where the edge weight corresponds to capability overlap. We uncover a modular structure, and show that low- and middle-income countries move from product communities dominated by small Ecosystem products to advanced (large Ecosystem) product clusters over time. Finally, we show that our network model is predictive of product appearances.
KRAS drives immune evasion in a genetic model of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Ischenko Irene , D’Amico Stephen , Rao Manisha , Li Jinyu , Hayman Michael J. , Powers Scott , Petrenko Oleksi , Reich Nancy C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractImmune evasion is a hallmark of KRAS-driven cancers, but the underlying causes remain unresolved. Here, we use a mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma to inactivate KRAS by CRISPR-mediated genome editing. We demonstrate that at an advanced tumor stage, dependence on KRAS for tumor growth is reduced and is manifested in the suppression of antitumor immunity. KRAS-deficient cells retain the ability to form tumors in immunodeficient mice. However, they fail to evade the host immune system in syngeneic wild-type mice, triggering strong antitumor response. We uncover changes both in tumor cells and host immune cells attributable to oncogenic KRAS expression. We identify BRAF and MYC as key mediators of KRAS-driven tumor immune suppression and show that loss of BRAF effectively blocks tumor growth in mice. Applying our results to human PDAC we show that lowering KRAS activity is likewise associated with a more vigorous immune environment.
Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells promote granzyme B-dependent adverse post-ischemic cardiac remodeling
Authors: Santos-Zas Icia , Lemarié Jeremie , Zlatanova Ivana , Cachanado Marine , Seghezzi Jean-Christophe , Benamer Hakim , Goube Pascal , Vandestienne Marie , Cohen Raphael , Ezzo Maya , Duval Vincent , Zhang Yujiao , Su Jin-Bo , Bizé Alain , Sambin Lucien , Bonnin Philippe , Branchereau Maxime , Heymes Christophe , Tanchot Corinne , Vilar José , Delacroix Clement , Hulot Jean-Sebastien , Cochain Clement , Bruneval Patrick , Danchin Nicolas , Tedgui Alain , Mallat Ziad , Simon Tabassome , Ghaleh Bijan , Silvestre Jean-Sébastien , Ait-Oufella Hafid 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAcute myocardial infarction is a common condition responsible for heart failure and sudden death. Here, we show that following acute myocardial infarction in mice, CD8+T lymphocytes are recruited and activated in the ischemic heart tissue and release Granzyme B, leading to cardiomyocyte apoptosis, adverse ventricular remodeling and deterioration of myocardial function. Depletion of CD8+T lymphocytes decreases apoptosis within the ischemic myocardium, hampers inflammatory response, limits myocardial injury and improves heart function. These effects are recapitulated in mice withGranzyme B-deficient CD8+T cells. The protective effect of CD8 depletion on heart function is confirmed by using a model of ischemia/reperfusion in pigs. Finally, we reveal that elevated circulating levels of GRANZYME B in patients with acute myocardial infarction predict increased risk of death at 1-year follow-up. Our work unravels a deleterious role of CD8+T lymphocytes following acute ischemia, and suggests potential therapeutic strategies targeting pathogenic CD8+T lymphocytes in the setting of acute myocardial infarction.
Large optical nonlinearity enhancement under electronic strong coupling
Authors: Wang Kuidong , Seidel Marcus , Nagarajan Kalaivanan , Chervy Thibault , Genet Cyriaque , Ebbesen Thomas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNonlinear optical responses provide a powerful way to understand the microscopic interactions between laser fields and matter. They are critical for plenty of applications, such as in lasers, integrated photonic circuits, biosensing and medical tools. However, most materials exhibit weak optical nonlinearities or long response times when they interact with intense optical fields. Here, we strongly couple the exciton of cyanine dye J-aggregates to an optical mode of a Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity, and achieve an enhancement of the complex nonlinear refractive index by two orders of magnitude compared with that of the uncoupled condition. Moreover, the coupled system shows an ultrafast response of ~120 fs that we extract from optical cross-correlation measurements. The ultrafast and large enhancement of the optical nonlinar coefficients in this work paves the way for exploring strong coupling effects on various third-order nonlinear optical phenomena and for technological applications.
An incandescent metasurface for quasimonochromatic polarized mid-wave infrared emission modulated beyond 10 MHz
Authors: Wojszvzyk Léo , Nguyen Anne , Coutrot Anne-Lise , Zhang Cheng , Vest Benjamin , Greffet Jean-Jacques 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIncandescent sources such as hot membranes and globars are widely used for mid-infrared spectroscopic applications. The emission properties of these sources can be tailored by means of resonant metasurfaces: control of the spectrum, polarization, and directivity have been reported. For detection or communication applications, fast temperature modulation is desirable but is still a challenge due to thermal inertia. Reducing thermal inertia can be achieved using nanoscale structures at the expense of a low absorption and emission cross-section. Here, we introduce a metasurface that combines nanoscale heaters to ensure fast thermal response and nanophotonic resonances to provide large monochromatic and polarized emissivity. The metasurface is based on platinum and silicon nitride and can sustain high temperatures. We report a peak emissivity of 0.8 and an operation up to 20 MHz, six orders of magnitude faster than commercially available hot membranes.