bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sun Drying and Far-Infrared Drying Characteristics of Lily
Authors: Yang Pei , Huang Dan , Lv Sisi , Wang Ruiqi , Sherif S. A. , Li Wei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The sun drying and far-infrared drying characteristics of lily were experimentally investigated. Fresh lily was blanched and treated with boiling water at 100 °C before drying. The effects of blanching time, drying method and drying temperature on drying rate, nutrient contents (total phenol, total flavonoid and starch contents), hardness and color were analyzed. The results showed that fresh lily without blanching pretreatment had deep browning color, wrinkled skin and long drying time under any drying temperature and drying method. However, the drying rate of samples with blanching pretreatment was significantly increased and the drying time was shortened. The drying rate of solar drying was much lower than that of infrared drying, however the drying quality is better. With the increase of blanching time, the browning degree and the nutrient contents under both drying methods were reduced, while the foaming rate was increased. The hardness after solar drying was moderate, while the hardness of far-infrared drying gradually increased with the increase of drying temperature. The blanching time of 4–6 min was the ideal pretreatment time. Under this pretreatment time, a sample with fair color and moderate hardness and nutrient contents can be obtained under the far-infrared drying temperature of 60–90 °C. The far-infrared drying was more suitable than the sun drying and the most suitable drying process was as follows: fresh lilies were blanched at 100 °C for 5 minutes, and then dried at 70°C for 7.5 hours.
Condensation Heat Transfer Model: A Comparison Study of Condensation Rate Between a Single Bubble and Multiple Rising Bubbles
Authors: Alnaimat Fadi , Alhammadi Omar , Mathew Bobby 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The main objective of this work is to develop a numerical model to analyze heat transfer and condensation of a rising spherical bubble. The model included the bubble shrinkage during condensation, which can be utilized to analyze the bubble’s total energy loss, raising velocity, and condensation rate of a single bubble compared to multiple bubbles with the same total thermal energy. The equations of motion, heat, and mass transfer were developed. The model results were verified with the bubble condensation experiment data in the literature, in which they exhibited a good agreement.
For the validation, the model results were compared with bubble condensation experiment data in the literature, which showed a good agreement with the experimental results. The dynamic term of the model is developed using the force balance on a gravity-driven bubble, including hydrodynamic drag force and gravity/buoyancy force, which acting with and against the bubble’s motion direction. For the thermal part of the model, a condensation correlation has been adapted to represent the Nusselt number as a function of Reynolds number (Re), Jakob number (Ja), and Prandtl number (Pr). A MATLAB code is developed in order to calculate the instantaneous velocity, the radius, and the mass loss of the vapor bubble in each time step. Moreover, the fundamental behavior for a single bubble and multiple bubbles was investigated in various initial conditions under the same total thermal energy. The effects of the initial bubble radius and the temperature difference between the liquid and vapor phases were analyzed for both scenarios in order to examine the condensation rate. It was found that the thermal behavior of the condensing bubble can be improved by forcing the bubble to collapse into sub bubbles, which will increase the total interfacial area and the rising velocity. Farther, due to generated sub bubbles, the resultant velocity increased the turbulency and the heat transfer rate accordingly. This study can lead to improve the heat transfer rate and allow for more intensive research to enhance the condensation rate.
A Numerical Study on the Thermal Control of Lithium Batteries by Composite Phase Change Materials and Metal Foams
Authors: Buonomo Bernardo , Manca Oronzio , Menale Ferdinando , Moriello Francesco , Mancin Simone 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study attempts to control the temperature peaks due to the operation of the battery itself by examining a two-dimensional model to numerically investigate the thermal control of a lithium battery of a commercial electric car. The battery has the dimensions of 8 cm × 31 cm × 67 cm and its capacity is equal to 232 Ah with 5.3 kWh. Thermal control is achieved by means of an internal layer of copper or aluminum foam and phase change material (paraffin), placed on the top of the battery and the external surfaces are cooled by a convective flow. The governing equations, written assuming the local thermal equilibrium for the metal foam, are solved with the finite volume method using the commercial code Ansys-Fluent. Different cases are simulated for different thicknesses of the thermal control system and external convective heat transfer coefficient. The results are given in terms of temperature fields, liquid fraction, surface temperature profiles as a function of time and temperature distributions along the outer surface of the battery for the different cases. In addition, some comparisons with pure PCM are provided to show the advantages of the composite thermal control system with PCM inside the metal foam.
Data Analytics Approach for Understanding the Relationship Between the Thermal and Energy Performance in Ferronickel Large Industrial Rotary Kilns
Authors: Ardila Antonio , Rueda Bernardo , Sánchez Iván , Parra Maricel , Corredor Lesme , González Arturo , Romero Johanna 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The ferronickel production process closely resembles that of cement and steel. Published studies typically take the developments of the latter and adapt them to ferronickel. However, few open publications allow for a proper understanding of the calcination and reduction of lateritic nickel minerals. This research analyzes the operation of a rotary kiln calciner of 135 m length, a diameter of 6 m, and a mass flow rate between 170 and 180 t/h of partially dry mineral. The calciner uses coal as a reducing agent and natural gas as a thermal energy source. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used in a large industrial dataset to determine the variables with a greater influence on the process performance. Also, k-means clustering is used to locate operation points favorable to calcined mineral production. Results show that the most relevant variables are mineral and gas temperatures and the mass flow rates of air, mineral, natural gas, and coal.
Use of Machine Learning Tools to Assess Surface Dryout During Nucleate and Transition Boiling on Surfaces With Different Wetting and Substrate Properties
Authors: Njike Ursan Tchouteng , Cabrera Samuel , McClure Emma R. , Carey Van P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The work reported in this paper explored the use of machine learning tools to analyze quenching pool boiling data in the nucleate boiling range, near maximum heat flux range, and through the transition boiling range towards the Leidenfrost (minimum heat flux) point. It specifically explores the hypothesis that this sequence is a consequence of progressive dryout of the surface as the wall superheat increases. Machine learning tools are used with a heuristic model of the dryout parametric dependence to extract information about the magnitude of surface dryout as the superheat increases. From experimental data, the machine learning analysis provides an indication of how the dryout transition differs for different surface wetting characteristics and substrate materials. The wetting variations considered ranged from moderately wetted plain aluminum and copper surfaces to highly wetted nanostructured superhydrophilic surfaces. The data examined included aluminum and copper substrates. The results of the machine learning analysis indicate that the properties of the surface substrate can have a significant effect on the progressive surface dryout. In contrast, the surface wetting characteristics had a more limited effect for the surfaces tested. The paper concludes with an assessment of the implications of the findings for developing enhanced surfaces for boiling heat transfer performance.
Pipeline Geohazard Target Susceptibility Threshold – A Reliability-Based Rationalization
Authors: Read Rodney S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Pipeline geohazard assessment involves the delineation and quantification of threat severity associated with a suite of geohazard mechanisms deemed credible for a specific setting or project. The context for a typical assessment is loss of containment from the pipeline — an ultimate limit state (ULS) — considering individual geohazard mechanisms (e.g., landslide, fault displacement, rockfall, subsidence, etc.). To estimate the probability of loss of containment associated with a particular geohazard mechanism at a given location, the evaluation process can be partitioned into an estimate of the probability of occurrence of the geohazard mechanism at that location, and the conditional probability of loss of pipe integrity should the event occur. The product of these two probabilities is termed “susceptibility” expressed as loss of containment events per year at a given location. A typical approach to manage geohazards assessed in this way is to set a target susceptibility threshold to determine mitigation requirements to reduce the estimated susceptibility value for individual geohazards. The rationale for selecting a target susceptibility threshold value has been a topic of interest in recent pipeline projects in Canada. This paper demonstrates a reliability-based approach in rationalizing the selected pipeline geohazard target susceptibility threshold and linking geohazard assessment results to Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) of all threat categories in ASME B31-8S.
Intersecção entre educação física e a filosofia: ensaio para o ensino do esporte e igualdade de gênero no ensino médio
Authors: Lucca Mateus Henrique Servilha de , Marcomini Roberson Augusto 
Published: July 2021

O processo de ensino e aprendizagem dos esportes na Educação Física escolar tem ocupado grande espaço nas práticas pedagógicas dos docentes nos diversos níveis de ensino. Existe a preocupação pedagógica na quebra de paradigmas do ensino reducionista do esporte, exacerbando a necessidade de priorizar não apenas aspectos técnico-táticos, mas também socioeducativos e histórico-cultural. Uma vivência e apresentação esportiva que não contemple esses referenciais, corre riscos de desmotivar o processo de aprendizagem dos esportes. Sendo assim, a filosofia abre caminhos para a reflexão democrática no esporte e a igualdade de direitos. Pensando em diálogos interdisciplinares e tendo como base estrutural a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) e as tendências emergentes da Pedagogia do Esporte, espera-se apresentar e discutir possibilidades pedagógicas interdisciplinares dentro da escola, da Educação Física escolar e Filosofia, consolidando perspectivas que desenvolvam o fenômeno em sua totalidade e de forma democrática. Para isso, organizou-se uma unidade didática em quatro encontros entre as aulas de Filosofia e Educação Física, para identificar, dialogar e discutir a importância da igualdade de gênero no esporte. Em suma, espera-se apresentar possibilidades pedagógicas para abordar o tema dentro do ambiente escolar, e a partir de, motivar novas intervenções que sejam capazes de mobilizar não apenas o conhecimento para as aulas, mas também para além dos muros da escola.
The Essential Frailty Toolset in Older Adults Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Solomon Joshua , Moss Emmanuel , Morin Jean‐Francois , Langlois Yves , Cecere Renzo , de Varennes Benoit , Lachapelle Kevin , Piazza Nicolo , Martucci Giuseppe , Bendayan Melissa , Piankova Palina , Hayman Victoria , Ouimet Marie‐Claude , Rudski Lawrence G. , Afilalo Jonathan 
Published: July 2021

Background
The Essential Frailty Toolset (EFT) was shown to be easy to use and predictive of adverse events in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement procedures. The objective of this study was to evaluate the EFT in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting procedures.

Methods and Results

The McGill Frailty Registry prospectively included patients ≥60 years of age undergoing urgent or elective isolated coronary artery bypass grafting between 2011 and 2018 at 2 hospitals. The preoperative EFT was scored 0 to 5 points as a function of timed chair rises, Mini‐Mental Status Examination, serum albumin, and hemoglobin. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality assessed by Cox proportional hazards regression. The cohort consisted of 500 patients with a mean age of 71.4 ± 6.4 years, of which 27% presented with acute coronary syndromes requiring urgent surgery. The mean EFT was 1.3 ± 1.1 points, 132 (26%) were nonfrail, 298 (60%) were prefrail, and 70 (14%) were frail. Over a median follow‐up of 4.0 years, 78 deaths were observed. In nonfrail, prefrail, and frail patients, survival at 1 year was 98%, 95%, and 91%, and at 5 years was 89%, 83%, and 63% (
P
<0.001). After adjustment, each incremental EFT point was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.28 (95% CI, 1.05–1.56) and frail patients had a 3‐fold increase in all‐cause mortality.

Conclusions
The EFT is a pragmatic and highly prognostic tool to assess frailty and guide decisions for coronary artery bypass grafting in older adults. Furthermore, the EFT may be actionable through targeted interventions such as cardiac rehabilitation and nutritional optimization.
Critique of Flowers: The Exigency of Life in the Era of Its Technical Reproducibility
Authors: Guan Cassandra Xin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Need, as an epigenetic concept, originated with Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, for whom it referred to the pressure of circumstances that compel animals to develop new organs in the course of evolution. It reappeared in twentieth-century science as the somatic disequilibrium that Sigmund Freud, following Psycho-Lamarckian biologists, first called “the need of life” (die Not des Lebens) and then “the drives” (Trieb). The invention of time-lapse cinematography around 1900, initially as an optical instrument in the experimental study of plant physiology, visibly enlarged the epigenetic paradigm: Plants were suddenly perceived as agential beings, attached to the physical environment not by their roots, but rather by their needs and activities. The disquieting impression of responsive behavior became the selling point of the BASF-commissioned nitrogen-fertilizer commercial Miracle of Flowers (1926), a film celebrated by Rudolf Arnheim as “the most fantastic, thrilling, and beautiful picture ever made.” This article interrogates the sovereignty of need in epigenesis, using Miracle of Flowers as a case study. Through a close reading of the animal-like organisms in this film and the emotional reactions they elicited, need is reimagined as a maladaptive force embodied in technical media that tethers unhappy individuals to punishing environments.
Rest Notes: On Black Sleep Aesthetics
Authors: Hodson Josie Roland 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Science has shown that Black people in the United States sleep more poorly than any other racial group. Relatedly, contradictory racial myths that depict Black people as simultaneously indolent and super-industrious persist in contemporary discourse. Confronting a culture that celebrates endurance over rest, this paper attends to works of art that visualize or create conditions for Black sleep, thereby resisting its biopolitical regulation and the lethal expectation of perpetual industry. This essay speculates about how visual representations of Black sleep can constitute quiet gestures that enact fugitivity and provide reparation for racial time—in part through the reclamation of interiority. Although sleep is a decidedly solitary act, this paper highlights artistic projects bound by an ethos of collectivity, arguing that the project of transforming the social and political conditions that reproduce Black sleeplessness cannot be pursued in isolation.
Lying in the Gallery
Authors: Lee Pamela L. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This essay addresses a recent exhibition phenomenon associated with time-based art: the striking preponderance of beds, beanbag chairs, and other horizontal viewing platforms in the staging of such work. Indeed, in black-box galleries around the world, viewers have been increasingly solicited to go horizontal. What might these new modes of display tell us about contemporary cultures of work when compared to historical examples from the 1960s, particularly in regard to the mass phenomenon known as “burnout” in the present? Might such novel conditions of reception shed light on the shifting interactions between humans and computers in what the ethnographer Marcel Mauss called nearly one hundred years ago, the “civilization of latitude”? Departing from Niki de Saint Phalle's She (1966)—an immersive media environment presented as a recumbent female figure—the essay argues that lying in the gallery chimes with technologies of work post-Internet, our incorporation of its media platforms, and the generalization of the network as a ubiquitous and ambient resource.
Primal or Indigenous?
Authors: Balcomb Anthony Oswald 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Indigenous religions have been demonised, eclipsed or ignored ever since the advent of modernity. However, in the wake of the decolonial turn they are enjoying a revival of interest and restoration. In Africa this has led to a renewed interest in African Religion. Five approaches are made to the topic by its non-practitioners – that it does not exist, that it is evil, that it is inadequate, that it is preparation for the Christian gospel, or that it is a form of indigenous religion and has integrity in its own right. A particular debate has emerged over the past twenty years concerning nomenclature. How should African Religion be understood and what should it be called? Two possibilities have emerged, the primal and the indigenous. The primal discourse emphasises the role that African Religion plays in the shaping of religion generally and Christianity particularly. The indigenous discourse has developed in opposition to this and emphasises the particularity and uniqueness of African Religion as a species of indigenous religion to be understood in its own right.
The Linguistic Turn and the Expanding Horizons of Early Christian Martyrdom
Authors: Eastman David L. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article examines the impact of martyrdom literature on the formation of Christian identity in the earliest centuries. Taking a cue from insights from the “linguistic turn” in scholarship, the article examines the function of martyr traditions in identifying suffering as the evidence of true Christian identity, in transforming the martyrs into a perceived elite class of Christians to be emulated, and in promoting a strong, anti-imperial rhetoric. Questions of historical veracity in these texts therefore give way to an analysis of the rhetorical and ideological impact of these stories.
Envisioning a Dystopian, Post-Christian Society in P. Anderson Graham’s The Collapse of Homo Sapiens
Authors: Hale Frederick 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
As one of many contemporary British dystopian novels, P. Anderson Graham’s 1923 The Collapse of Homo Sapiens envisaged Britain in the twenty-second century as a devastated society that has largely reverted to a primitive, non-Christian state. However, a remnant of the surviving population has memories of the religious dimensions of national life, helping them to cope with the exigencies of their meagre existence. A modest revival of the faith of their forebears ensues, which in turn triggers a reaction against the re-assertion of Christianity by nationalistic elements that regard it as too charitable a social force to fortify their efforts to revitalise British culture in a hostile geopolitical setting. The narrative perspective of the novel is critical of the truncated state of that religion in Britain in the 1920s and how this was failing to guide and inspire peoples’ lives at that time.
Transmission and Transformation of Kabbalistic Knowledge in Italy at the End of the Fifteenth Century
Authors: Buzzetta Flavia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The article looks at the transfer of knowledge between Judaism and Christianity in the Renaissance, a period characterized by the encounter of different cultures and belief systems. In particular, it will focus on the Christian Kabbalah, which channels various philosophical and sapiential traditions into a universal, and at the same time, plural vision of wisdom. This convergence of ideas resulted, on the one hand, in the elaboration of translations, adaptations, and vulgarization of Jewish texts and, on the other, in the development of new interpretations. This is a characteristic of the collected writings of Pierleone of Spoleto, which involved the transformative communication of Jewish translators and the creative reception of Christian humanists. Of these manuscripts, we will examine the annotations concerning the sefirot, which are an excellent example of the reinterpretation of Jewish thought through a typically humanistic perspective.
Roots of Modern Environmental Law in Europe
Authors: Jendrośka Jerzy 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The article provides a concise overview of the origins of modern environmental law in Europe based on general historical studies or the legal studies dealing with the history of environmental law in particular European regions or countries. It presents historical development of the two fundamental branches of environmental law, namely nature conservation and pollution control, first at the medieval times and then as a consequence of Industrial Revolution. The article presents the legal instruments and concepts invented in the past in the light of the instruments and concepts used in the current European legislation. In this context it attempts to show that some of the contemporary concepts and many of currently used legal instruments of environmental policy are not the modern invention and have the roots in some older concepts and instruments invented already long time ago in some national legislations in Europe. In conclusion the article claims that while the global challenges brought about by the climate change require politicians to seek a new, more comprehensive, approach to environmental policy and law – some lessons learned from the past experience may be useful.
Achieving Blue Growth Post-Weser: a Study of Aquaculture Regulation in the Nordic Region
Authors: Kyrönviita Jonas , Langlet David , Soininen Niko , Belinskij Antti , Kymenvaara Sara , Basse Ellen Margrethe 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article explores how the conflict between the interests of protecting water quality in the coastal waters of the Baltic Sea from nutrient emissions on one hand, and supporting blue growth in the aquaculture sector on the other, has played out in the Nordic legal systems and industry practice. It does so by reviewing the legal and industrial developments in Sweden, Denmark, Finland and the Åland Islands with a focus on interpretation and application of the common EU regulatory framework, mainly the Water Framework Directive and the ecj Weser ruling, and the response from the aquaculture sector. The study shows that the four studied jurisdictions have taken disparate regulatory approaches in balancing ecological status of waters and blue growth. As a consequence of these legal developments, the aquaculture industry faces difficulty in attaining required permits for their operations in all four jurisdictions and significant uncertainty on how to develop the sector to meet the set growth objectives has arisen.