bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyrolysis of Lemon Peel Waste in a Fixed-bed Reactor and Characterization of Innovative Pyrolytic Products
Authors: ABIDI Samira , Trabelsi Aïda Ben Hassen , Mihoubi Nourhène Boudhrioua 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The pyrolysis of LPW was carried out in a laboratory fixed-bed reactor at final temperature of 300°C, 400°C and 500°C with an incremental heating rate of 10°C/min, under N2 atmosphere. The maximum yields of bio-oil, biochar and gas were 16.66 wt.% (at 400°C), 66.89 wt.% (300°C) and 54.6 wt.% (500°C), respectively. The recovered biochar FTIR characterization reveals that it is a promising precursor to produce carbon materials, biofertilizer and for solid fuel applications. The bio-oil chemical characterization (GC-MS and FTIR analyzes) shows its richness with innovative compounds such as squalene, d-limonene, ß-Sitosterol and phenol, suitable for applications agriculture, biochemical and pharmaceutical industries. The pyrolytic oil presents also good properties, suitable for its use as an engine fuel or as a potential source for synthetic fuels. The recovered pyrolytic gas has a maximum calorific value around 12 MJ/kg with an average composition of CO (up to 75.87 vol.%), of CH4 (up to 5.25 vol.%) and of CnHm (up to 1.48 vol.%). The results could be applied by citrus farmers and agri-food industrials for large scale application to ensure a sustainable waste management of their citrus by-products and to guarantee economic benefits.
COVID-VAC: The second global study of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance
Authors: Lazarus Jeffrey , Wyka Katarzyna , White Trenton , Picchio Camila , Rabin Kenneth , Ratzan Scott , Leigh Jeanna Parsons , Hu Jia , El-Mohandes Ayman 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This one-year follow-up study investigated COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in 23 countries. In June 2021, 75.2% of respondents reported to accept the vaccine, of which 49% had received at least one vaccine dose and 51% were willing to get it once available to them. Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance include perceived safety and trust in science, as measured by a novel COVID-VAC score, and personal experience with COVID-19. Males, healthcare workers, well-to-do people, those with university degrees, and those whose physician recommended vaccination were more likely to accept it. Trust in governmental ability to address COVID-19 was weakly associated with vaccine acceptance. Respondents strongly supported vaccination to travel internationally, but weakly supported vaccinating children for school attendance. Hesitancy rates remain high in LMICs. Health policymakers should aggressively communicate vaccination need and inform accurately about efficacy and safety compared to disease risk, and healthcare workers need a greater vaccine communications role.
High individual heterogeneity of neutralizing activities against the original strain and 9 different variants of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Jaafar Rita , Boschi Celine , Aherfi Sarah , Bancod Audrey , Bideau Marion Le , Edouard Sophie , Colson Philippe , Chahinian Henri , Raoult Didier , Yahi Nouara , Fantini Jacques , SCOLA Bernard LA 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, several SARS-CoV-2 variants have sequentially emerged. In France, most cases were due to spike D641G-harbouring viruses that descended initially from the Wuhan strain, then by variant of B.1.160 lineage we called Marseille-4 since the summer of 2020, which was followed by the alpha (UK) and beta (South African) variants in early 2021. We determined the neutralizing antibody (nAb) titres in sera from convalescent individuals previously infected by these 4 major local variants and from vaccine recipients to the original Wuhan strain and 9 variants, including two recent circulating delta (Indian) isolates. The results show high interindividual heterogeneity in nAbs, especially according to the variant tested. Unexpectedly, the major variations among nAbs are based on the genotype responsible for the infection. Patients previously infected with the beta and B.1.160 variants had the lowest nAb titres. The highest titres were observed in patients vaccinated with the Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, even with antibodies against the delta variant.
Clonally expanded CD8 T cells characterize Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 4
Authors: Marazzi Ivan , Campisi Laura , Chizari Shahab , Gromova Anastasia , Arnold Frederick , Mosca Lorena , Mei Xueyan , Fstkchyan Yesai , Beharry Cindy , Ho Jessica , Korobeynikov Vlad , Prazich Jack , Bennett Craig L , Ostrow Lyle , Lunetta Christian , Shneider Neil , Jiang Ning , Spada Albert R La 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder that affects motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord, causing progressive loss of voluntary muscle control1,2. ALS heterogeneity includes the age of manifestation, the rate of progression, and the anatomical sites of symptom onset. In addition, disease-causing mutations in specific genes have been identified and are used to catalog different subtypes of ALS3. Interestingly, several ALS-associated genes have been shown to affect immune functions, and a variety of aberrant inflammatory events have been reported in patients and mouse models4-11, suggesting that specific immune features can also account for ALS heterogeneity. ALS4 is characterized by juvenile-onset and slow progression12. After experiencing mild symptoms during their childhood, ALS4 patients show motor difficulties by their 30s, and most of them require walkers or wheelchairs by their 50s. ALS4 is caused by dominant mutations in the gene SETX. Using Setx knock-in (KI) mice carrying the ALS4 causative L389S mutation, we discovered an immunological signature consisting of clonally activated CD8 T cells specifically in the central nervous system and blood of KI animals. Expansion of antigen-specific CD8 T cells mirrors disease progression. Bone marrow transplantation experiments indicate an essential role of the immune system in ALS4 neurodegeneration. Furthermore, we found that clonally expanded CD8 T cells circulate in the peripheral blood of ALS4 patients. Our results provide evidence of an antigen-specific CD8 T cell response linked to ALS4, and can serve not only to unravel specific disease mechanisms, but as a potential biomarker of disease activity.
Diagnostic Value of Magnetic Resonance Elastography Radiomics Analysis for the Assessment of Hepatic Fibrosis in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Sim Ki Choon , Kim Min Ju , Cho Yongwon , Kim Hyun Jin , Park Beom Jin , Sung Deuk Jae , Han Yeo Eun , Han Na Yeon , Kim Tae Hyung , Lee Yoo-jin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: To investigate the diagnostic performance of radiomics analysis using magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) toward assessing hepatic fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: A total of 100 patients with suspected NAFLD were retrospectively enrolled. All patients underwent a liver parenchymal biopsy. MRE was performed using a 3.0-T scanner. Following three-dimensional (3D) segmentation of MRE images, 834 radiomic features were analyzed using a commercial program. Radiologic features, such as median and mean values of two-dimensional (2D) or 3D regions of interest (ROIs) and variable clinical features, were analyzed. A random forest regressor was employed to extract important radiomic, radiological, and clinical features. A random forest classifier model was trained to use these features to classify the fibrosis stage. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was evaluated using a classifier for fibrosis stage diagnosis. Results: The pathological hepatic fibrosis stage was classified as low-grade fibrosis (stages F0–F1, n = 82) or clinically significant fibrosis (stages F2–F4, n = 18). Eight important features were extracted from radiomics analysis, with the two most important being wavelet-HHL gray level dependence matrix (GLDM)-dependence non-uniformity-normalized and wavelet-HHL GLDM-dependence entropy. The median value of the 2D ROI was identified as the most important radiologic feature. Platelet count was identified as an important clinical feature. The AUC of the classifier using radiomics was comparable to that of radiologic measures (0.97 ± 0.07 vs. 0.96 ± 0.06). Conclusions: MRE radiomics analysis provides diagnostic performance comparable to conventional MRE analysis for the assessment of clinically significant hepatic fibrosis in patients with NAFLD.
Polymorphism of Block3 Region of Merozoite Surface Protein-2 Gene and Multiplicity of Infection in Plasmodium Falciparum in Urban and Rural Settings of Adama and Its Surroundings, Oromia, Ethiopia.
Authors: File Temesgen , Dinka Hunduma , Golassa Lemu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Despite significant progress achieved globally in reducing malaria burden, still it is one of the major public health problems in Ethiopia. Furthermore, better understanding of genetic polymorphism of P. falciparum: the most virulent and predominant malaria parasite primarily targeted in malaria control and elimination program is paramount. Analysis of block 3 region of msp-2 gene of P. falciparum provides strong molecular evidence to evaluate the real picture of malaria epidemiology to fine-tune the ongoing control and elimination programs in the region.Thus, this study aimed to examine the status of such polymorphic gene and its implications in Adama and its surrounding.Methods: A total of 171 Dry Blood Spot (DBS) samples were collected from uncomplicated falciparum malaria patients from September 2019 to August 2020. Tween® 20 and Chelex method was employed for parasite DNA extraction. A total of 148 samples were successfully amplified by nested PCR targeting msp-2 alleles (IC/3D7 and FC27) followed by gel electrophoresis for fragment analysis. Results: Seventeen different polymorphic forms of msp-2 allelic fragments were detected in the study area. Moreover, a total of 47 (31.8%) and 41(27.7%) were detected for IC/3D7 and FC27 allelic family, respectively. Furthermore, the multi-clonal allele type accounted for 60(40.5%). The overall MOI was 1.4 and the expected heterozygosity is 0.49 indicating nearly intermediate malaria transmission in the study area.Conclusions: The study revealed nearly intermediate genetic diversity and polyclonal infection of P. falciparum in the study area, demanding further scale up of the ongoing control and elimination efforts.
Significantly suppressing ion migration in metal halide perovskites via trace of multivalent interstitial doping
Authors: Zhao Yepin , Yavuz Ilhan , Wang Minhuan , Weber Marc , Lee Ju-Hong , Tan Shaun , Huang Tianyi , Meng Dong , Wang Rui , Xue Jingjing , Lee Sung-Joon , Bae Sang-Hoon , Zhang Anni , Han Tae-Hee , Zhou Yifang , Bian Jiming , Park Nam-Gyu , Lee Jin-Wook , Yang Yang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Cations with suitable sizes to occupy an interstitial site of perovskite crystals have been widely used to inhibit ion migration and promote performance and stability of perovskite optoelectronics. However, the interstitial doping accompanies inevitable lattice strain to impair long-range ordering and stability of the crystals to cause a sacrificial trade-off. Here, we unravel the evident influence of the valence states of the interstitial cations on their efficacy to suppress the ion migration. Incorporation of a trivalent neodymium cation (Nd3+) effectively mitigates the ion migration in the perovskite lattice with significantly reduced dosage (0.08%) compared to a widely used monovalent cation dopant (Na+, 0.45%). Less but better, the prototypical perovskite solar cells incorporated with Nd3+ exhibits significantly enhanced photovoltaic performance and operational stability.
Diagnosis and Management of Primary Prostatic Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma: Single Center Experience
Authors: Tang Min , Li Pu , Zhou Zihan , Bao Meiling , Li Jie , Meng Xiaoxin , Liu Bianjiang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Primary prostatic signet ring cell carcinoma (PPSRCC) is an extremely rare malignant tumor without definitive treatment approach. Herein, we retrospectively summarized the experience of diagnosis and management of ten PPSRCC cases. Methods: A total of ten PPSRCC patients were included in this study definitely diagnosed by postoperative pathology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from November 2001 to December 2020. Clinical characteristics, image features, therapeutic procedures, histological diagnosis and outcomes of them were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Characteristics of the patient population were ten males with age of 67.8±7.2 years. Among them, five cases were asymptomatic and five were manifested as dysuria. All ten patients received PSA examination preoperatively. Nine patients of ten accepted multiparametric MRI due to elevated PSA value, and further adopted prostatic biopsy. Among them, five patients were diagnosed as prostatic adenocarcinoma, and the other four cases were found a mixture of SRCC and adenocarcinoma. The above nine patients accepted laparoscopic or robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Only one patient with normal PSA value adopted TURP. Postoperatively pathological results confirmed SRCC mixed with prostatic adenocarcinoma in nine cases, and only one patient with pure SRCC. After surgery, nine patients received adjuvant hormone therapy, one of which accepted radiotherapy simultaneously. The other one patient with pure SRCC didn’t accept any adjuvant therapy. None of the ten cases had gastrointestinal tumor history. During a mean follow-up of 43.6 months, eight patients were alive without obvious disease progression. Conclusions : In summary, PPSRCC is a rare malignant tumor with few early symptoms, highly malignancy, rapid disease progression and poor prognosis. PPSRCC is frequently accompanied by high grade prostate adenocarcinoma patterns. Early diagnosis and timely radical resection of prostate cancer, endocrine therapy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy may improve the prognosis.
The Relationship between Iranian EFL Teachers’ Emotional Intelligence and their Teaching Style
Authors: Ayatollahi Mohammad Ali , Ferdosi Fatemeh 
Published: August 2021

The present study aimed to detect and compare the most preferred teaching styles by Iranian English teachers in public schools and private language institutes and investigate the possible relationship between EFL teachers’ teaching styles and aspects of their emotional intelligence. The participants were 100 EFL teachers from public schools and private language institutes in Iran, Shiraz. The Persian version of the Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory and Grasha’s Style Inventory (TSI) was used to measure the teachers’ emotional intelligence and teaching styles, respectively. Concerning teaching style preference, formal authority style for EFL teachers of schools and facilitator style for teachers of the private institute was the most preferred styles. In addition, the least preferred styles were ‘delegator’ and ‘formal authority’ styles for public school teachers and private institute teachers, respectively. Regarding emotional intelligence, the lowest mean scores were observed in the Stress Management dimension, and the highest was related to the General Mood dimension. Furthermore, ‘general mood’, as a dimension of emotional intelligence, was highly correlated with ‘formal authority’ and ‘expert style’, both of which were public school teachers’ preferred styles. Public School teachers were relatively weak at using ‘personal model’, ‘facilitator’, and ‘delegator’ teaching styles. Thus, it is recommended that they adapt themselves to these styles.
Studi Evaluasi Kebutuhan Air Irigasi dan Penyusunan Jadwal Pembagian Air pada Daerah Irigasi Nglirip Kabupaten Tuban
Authors: Farid Mochammad Nur Fahrudin , Sayekti Rini Wahyu , Ismoyo M. Janu 
Published: August 2021

The Nglirip Irrigation Area has a raw rice field area of 1292 hectares. The problems that occur in the Nglirip irrigation area are lack of water in the dry season and excessive river discharge during the rainy season. This study aims to evaluate irrigation water requirements using the Water Balance method, then plan a cropping pattern to increase cropping intensity when the water discharge is excessive and plan a rotational water distribution schedule using the K factor. From this study, it was found that the maximum mainstay discharge was 2695.57 liters. /sec and a minimum of 485.64 lt/sec, the existing planting intensity area is 274.94% and the plan is 275%, from the existing water balance there is a water deficit of 19 times and a water surplus of 17 times while from the planned water balance there is a deficit of 19 times and 17 times surplus water from 36 planting periods, rotational water distribution with K factor (0.25-0.5) 9 times, K factor (0.5â€“0.75) 7 times, and K factor > 0.75 20 times.Â Daerah Irigasi Nglirip memiliki luas baku sawah sebesar 1292 hektar. Permasalah yang terjadi pada Daerah irigasi Nglirip adalah kekurangan air pada musim kemarau dan debit sungai berlebih ketika musim penghujan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kebutuhan air irigasi menggunakan metode Water Balance, kemudian direncanakan pola tata tanam rencana untuk meningkatkan intensitas tanam ketika debit air berlebih dan merencanakan jadwal pembagian air rotasi menggunakan faktor K. Dari studi ini didapatkan besarnya debit andalan maksimum sebesar 2695,57 lt/dt dan minimum 485,64 lt/dt, Luas intensitas tanam eksisting sebesar 274,94% dan rencana 275%, dari neraca air eksisting terjadi defisit air sebanyak 19 kali dan surplus air 17 kali sedangkan dari neraca air rencana terjadi 19 kali defisit dan 17 kali surplus air dari 36 kali periode tanam, pembagian air rotasi dengan faktor K(0,25-0,5) sebanyak 9 kali, faktor K (0,5â€“0,75) 7 kali, dan Faktor K > 0,75 20 kali.
Analisa Kualitas Air Sungai Tukad Badung, Denpasar, Bali Menggunakan Program QUAL2Kw
Authors: Nur A. A Richarta Vichotama , Haribowo Riyanto , Prayogo Tri Budi 
Published: August 2021

Sungai Tukad Badung secara fisik terbilang baik, namun memiliki kualitas air yang buruk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi eksisting kualitas air Tukad Badung dan mengetahui kondisi daya tampung pencemaran berdasarkan analisa program QUAL2Kw. Dari hasil analisa, kondisi kualitas air pada daerah studi menunjukkan dua dari delapan parameter (Fosfat dan BOD) tidak memenuhi baku mutu kelas II. Sedangkan Daya Tampung Pencemaran sungai Tukad Badung pada TSS yakni 17,77 ton/hari, pada BOD 27,49 ton/hari, pada COD 93,63 ton/hari, dan pada Fosfat 7,65 ton/hari. Pada prediksi kualitas air Tukad Badung tahun 2024, terjadi penurunan kualitas air pada sungai Tukad Badung, hal ini dapat diprediksi dari trend penurunan kualitas air yang dihitung grafik penurunanya secara polinomial. Beberapa parameter diprediksi tidak memenuhi baku mutu kelas II yakni pada parameter BOD danÂ Fosfat, sama seperti pada tahun-tahun sebelumnya. BOD memiliki penurunan sebesar -8,93% (konsentrasi BOD naik 8,93%) dan Fosfat memiliki penurunan sebesar -16,67% (konsentrasi fosfat naik 16,67%).
Analisa Keruntuhan Bendungan Batujai dan Pengga dengan Aplikasi HEC-RAS 5.0.7
Authors: Maulida Diah Fitri , Juwono Pitojo Tri , Asmaranto Runi 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT: Batujai and Pengga Dam are cascade dams with homogeneous types, are authorized in 1982 and 1994. These dams are located at the same mainstream that ends at Alas Strait. Batujai and Pengga Dam break may occur due to overtopping and piping. According to HEC-RAS 5.0.7 simulation suggested that the collapsed of each or both dams has the biggest impact when conditioned with design flood of QPMF are due to overtopping, when the peak of discharge are at 2036.151 m3/second and 3204.089 m3/second, which caused 34.127 km2 and 107.025 km2 area to be flooded, with maximum inundation of 19.656 meters and 19.837 meters. According to InaSAFE, if the collapse of these dams were merged, reported that there are 34 villages and 29,100 people are exposed to the risk, classified with high disaster risk. The cost that has to be paid by the damâ€™s owner due to the collapse is estimated to be Â Rp 201,584,808.36/Ha or Rp. 2,845,409,886,907 in total.
Estimasi Tinggi Curah Hujan dari Data Klimatologi Menggunakan Model Artificial Neural Network (ANN) di Kabupaten Badung Bali Selatan
Authors: Juma'a Muhammad Walidi , Limantara Lily Montarcih , Wahyuni Sri 
Published: August 2021

Abstract: The objective of this research was to establish the results of calibration relationship between rainfall and climatology, mathematical equations and the results of the validation Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method from 30 years of climatological data and historical rainfall. The population was taken from the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency at Ngurah Rai Station, Badung Regency, Bali. Climatic data and rainfall data were analyzed the quality of the data, namely the consistency test, stationary test, trend absence test and persistence test. The output of the analysis calculation of rainfall using the (ANN) method of observational data based on the calibration found that in the distribution of data for 25 years epoch 2000 with an indicator value of NSE = 0.83 (Good) and R = 0.91 (Very strong) showed the best results, while for verification on 1 year epoch 2000 data with an indicator value of Â NSE = 0.48 (fulfilled) and R = 0.90 (very strong). The comparison of rainfall data with observational data is almost close if the Nash-Sutchliffe Efficiency (NSE) and Correlation Coefficient (R) values meet the existing categories.Â Abstrak : Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hasil kalibrasi hubungan curah hujan dengan klimatologi, persamaan matematis dan hasil validasi metode Artificial Neural Network (ANN) dari 30 tahun data klimatologi dan curah hujan historis. Populasi diambil dari Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika di Stasiun Ngurah Rai, Kabupaten Badung, Bali. Data iklim dan data curah hujan dilakukan analisis kualitas data, yaitu dengan Uji Konsistensi, Uji Stasioner, Uji Ketidakadaan trend dan Uji Persistensi. Hasil analisis perhitungan curah hujan dengan metode (ANN) terhadap data pengamatan berdasarkan kalibrasi didapatkan bahwa di pembagian data 25 tahun epoch 2000 dengan nilai indikator NSE = 0,83 (Baik) dan R = 0,91 (Sangat kuat) menunjukan hasil terbaik, sedangkan untuk verifikasi pada data 1 tahun epoch 2000 dengan nilai indikator NSE = 0,48 (Memenuhi) dan R = 0,90 (Sangat kuat). Perbandingan data curah hujan dengan data pengamatan hampir mendekati jika nilai Efisiensi Nash-Sutchliffe (ENS) dan Koefisien Korelasi (R) memenuhi kategori yang ada.
Studi Perencanaan Embung Lapangan Jegreg Kecamatan Lengkong Kabupaten Nganjuk Provinsi Jawa Timur
Authors: Al Huda Reja Palevi , Asmaranto Runi , Dermawan Very 
Published: August 2021

The problem in dry season is about water availability, while during wet season there are often several puddles in an area in Jegreg Village in Nganjuk Regency. This is due to the increasing need of the population which is not in line with the development of water supply facilities and infrastructure. In this study, the authors make an analysis related to this problem, by planning a reservoir that can be used to accommodate water during the rainy season so that can be used to reduce floods.Based on the analysis, the dead storage volume (Sediment) are 9,49 m3,Â and the effective storage volume are 68,96 m3and then the total storage volume are Â 78,45 m3 . The height of ponds is 3 meters , with the spillway type is side channel spillway with 0,5 meter of Â height. In elevation +40,50 the width of spillway are 17,15 meters. In stability analysis, the analysis used in the slope stability of the reservoir is the Bishop method withÂ Geostudio2012 application and from the results of the analysis, the safety number meets the requirements. For the analysis of spillway safety against shear and rolling forces, in normal, flood condition, and earthquakes condition, the safety figures meet the requirement.