bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facial asymmetry in a newborn
Authors: Madipelli Sheela 
Published: January 2021

Facial asymmetry especially Neonatal asymmetric crying facies (NACF) is not an uncommon diagnosis. Many cases are undiagnosed or underreported. Early determination of the etiology is important for better cosmetic outcome. Newborn infant presents at birth with asymmetry of the right side of the face every time he cried. Infant's face is symmetric when he is calm and not crying. Infant is born at full term by elective cesarean section. Pregnancy was uncomplicated and the infant had normal APGARS. No forceps, vacuum or other instruments were used to facilitate the delivery. No family history of similar asymmetry of face, cardiac defects or neurological problems. Infant is both breastfeeding and bottle feeding with normal sucking and no drooling. On examination, vitals are within normal limits. Infant has asymmetry of the lower face when crying with no asymmetry of the upper face. He had no lagophthalmos and nasolabial folds were intact. Infant had no asymmetry of the face when he was not crying or quiet. A harsh systolic murmur is noted at the left lower sternal border. Infant has good peripheral pulses, good perfusion and no cyanosis. Infant is moving all extremities and has no neurological deficits. Rest of the physical examination is within normal limits. NACF is not uncommon and the actual incidence may be higher, as milder cases are either undiagnosed or underreported. A thorough birth history and careful physical exam are important as well as looking for associated anomalies like cardiac defects. Early determination of etiology is important as cosmetic outcome is better in the nerve compression group than the muscle hypoplasia group.
Analytical method development and validation studies for the estimation of H2 receptor antagonist drug (Ranitidine)
Authors: Manjunath Renuka , Jha Deepak Kumar 
Published: January 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> An analytical science in the development, finding a new molecules and procreation of pharmaceuticals has been an extensive approached. From the evaluation over small quantities of complex biological substances to the quality monitoring of the finished dosage form, the use on analytical technology know- how covers an ample thoroughness over techniques or disciplines.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) approach has been promoted for the discernment over Ranitidine (RAN) within pharmaceutical dosage form split of RAN was accomplished inside a unaccompanied chromatographic run of an Phenomenix column size 5 μm 4.6x250 mm along with UV analysis at 227 nm wavelength, below isocratic conditions, using Ammonium acetate and Methanol (pH 6.0) in 80:20 ratio. Validation parameters had been observed in accordance with exhibit linearity, accuracy, precision, Limit of Quantitation and Limit of detection in conformity in imitation of ICH guidelines. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The contemporary approached demonstrates significant linearity upon the range concerning 50-202.5 μg/ml for RAN followed by intra-day and inter-day precision, expressed so the relative standard deviation (RSD), on replicates is &lt;2.0 and accuracy among the range over 98-102%.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The flourished RP-HPLC technique was once innovative, suitable for detecting RAN in pure form and in pharmaceutical preparation.</p>
Evaluation of the relationship between adolescents’ nutritional habits and school achievements
Authors: Aylaz Rukuye , Akturk Ummuhan , Isik Kevser , Aslan Sinan , Yildirim Hilal 
Published: January 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> This research was performed for the purpose of evaluating the relationship between adolescents’ nutritional habits and school achievements.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a cross-sectional study and it was performed with the participation of adolescents. Research sample was composed of a total of 1,651 students selected via cluster sampling method from six high-schools and their equivalents chosen through simple random sampling in a manner to ensure that each high school type was represented in the sample from 46 high-schools. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The mean of students’ school achievement scores is 72.95±12.28. As per analysis of the correlation between means of scores obtained by students from nutrition exercise behavior scale (NEBS) sub-scales and means of students’ school achievement scores, it was found that students’ school achievement was positively correlated with sub-scales of healthy nutrition-exercise behavior and regularity of meal patterns.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> It was ascertained that, as scores obtained by students from NEBS increased, students’ school achievement scores went up. It is recommended that, through the cooperation to be established between health professionals, school staff and family, adolescents should be enticed to acquire the healthy food selection autonomy and to make it a part of their lifestyles as of early age.</p>
Usage of Non-chemical Methods to Counter the Damages Caused by Tomato Mosaic Virus
Authors: Saleem Suleman , Zeshan Muhammad Ahmad , Iftikhar Yasir , Shabbir Muhammad Asif , Sajid Ashara , Bashir Sonum , Ghani Muhammad Usman 
Published: January 2021

Background: Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) is the most common and important pathogen of tomato crop. The infected plants show mosaic, mottle, wrinkling, reduced leaf size and uneven ripening of fruits. ToMV is transmitted mechanically, by cultural operations, farm implements and also through seed. Methods: The present study was planned to evaluate environment friendly strategies for the management of ToMV disease. Different non-chemical means viz., Elephant Ear plant extract, Eucalyptus extract, Zinc and Boron solution, NPK solution, Milk and Urea were used on four tomato varieties (Tanja, Chico, Manik and Sahil). All the treatments were used at three different concentrations (1%, 2% and 3%) and replicated three times. Result: The maximum disease reduction was recorded in plants treated with NPK solution (16.35%) and minimum in plants treated with Elephant Ear plant extract (29.65%). The maximum mean disease severity was recorded at 1 percent concentration of all the treatments (32.46%) which was statistically significant from that of 2 and 3% (24.74% and 19.23%), respectively. Among the varieties, minimum disease severity was recorded in Manik (24.64%) variety and maximum in Chico (31.27%) variety. All the treatments contributed towards reduction in disease severity of which NPK solution being most efficient.
A Working Condition Diagnosis Model of Sucker Rod Pumping Wells Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Wang Xiang , He Yanfeng , Li Fajun , Wang Zhen , Dou Xiangji , Xu Hui , Fu Lipei 
Published: January 2021

Summary
Monitoring the working conditions of sucker rod pumping wells in a timely and accurate manner is important for oil production. With the development of smart oil fields, more and more sensors are installed on the well, and the monitored data are continuously transmitted to the data center to form big data. In this work, we aim to utilize the big data collected during oil well production and a deep learning technique to build a new generation of intelligent diagnosis model to monitor working condition of sucker rod pumping wells. More than 5×106 of well monitoring records, which covers information from about 1 year for more than 300 wells in an oilfield block, are collected and preprocessed. To show the dynamic changes of the working conditions for the wells, the overlay dynamometer card is proposed and plotted for each data record. The working conditions are divided into 30 types, and the corresponding data set is created. An intelligent diagnosis model using the convolutional neural network (CNN), one of the deep learning frameworks, is proposed. By the convolution and pooling operation, the CNN can extract features of an image implicitly without human effort and prior knowledge. That makes a CNN very suitable for the recognition of the overlay dynamometer cards. The architecture for a working condition diagnosis CNN model is designed. The CNN model consists of 14 layers with six convolutional layers, three pooling layers, and three fully connected layers. The total number of neurons is more than 1.7×106. The overlay dynamometer card data set is used to train and validate the CNN model. The accuracy and efficiency of the model are evaluated. Both the training and validation accuracies of the CNN model are greater than 99% after 10 training epochs. The average training elapsed time for an epoch is 8909.5 seconds, and the average time to diagnosis a sample is 1.3 milliseconds. Based on the trained CNN model, a working condition monitoring software for a sucker rod pumping well is developed. The software runs 7 × 24 hours to diagnosis the working conditions of wells and post a warning to users. It also has a feedback learning workflow to update the CNN model regularly to improve its performance. The on-site run shows that the actual accuracy of the CNN model is greater than 90%.
N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)retinamide suppresses SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-mediated cell-cell fusion and viral infection in vitro&nbsp;
Authors: Hayashi Yasuhiro , Tsuchiya Kiyoto , Yamamoto Mizuki , Nemoto-Sasaki Yoko , Tanigawa Kazunari , Hama Kotaro , Tanikawa Takashi , Gohda Jin , Maeda Kenji , Inoue Jun-ichiro , Yamashita Atsushi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), persists worldwide with limited therapeutic options. Since membrane fusion between SARS-CoV-2 and host cells is essential for the early step of the infection, the membrane compositions, including sphingolipids, in host cells are considered to affect the viral infection. However, the role of sphingolipids in the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2 remains unclear. Here, we assessed several inhibitors of sphingolipid metabolism enzymes against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-mediated cell-cell fusion and viral infection in vitro. Among the compounds tested, only N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR, also known as fenretinide), an inhibitor of dihydroceramide Δ4-desaturase 1 (DES1) and well known for having antitumour activity, suppressed cell-cell fusion (50% effective concentration [EC50] = 4.1 mM) and viral infection ([EC50] = 4.4 mM), wherein the EC50 values are below its plasma concentration in previous clinical trials on tumours. DES1 catalyses the introduction of a double bond in dihydroceramide, and the inhibition efficiencies observed were consistent with an increased ratio of saturated sphinganine-based lipids to total sphingolipids and the decreased cellular membrane fluidity. These findings, together with the accumulated clinical data regarding the safety of 4-HPR, make it a likely candidate drug to treat COVID-19.
Increased Duration of Pollen and Mold Exposure are Linked to Climate Change
Authors: Paudel Bibek , Chu Theodore , Chen Meng , Sampath Vanitha , Prunicki Mary , Nadeau Kari 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Pollen and molds are environmental allergens that are affected by climate change. As pollen and molds exhibit geographical variations, we sought to understand the impact of climate change (temperature, carbon dioxide, precipitation, smoke exposure) on common pollen and molds in the San Francisco Bay Area, one of the largest urban areas in the United States. When using time-series regression models between 2002 and 2019, the annual average number of weeks with pollen concentrations higher than zero increased over time. For tree pollens, the average increase in this duration was 0.47 weeks and 0.51 weeks for mold spores. Associations between mold, pollen and meteorological data (e.g. precipitation, temperature, atmospheric carbon dioxide level, and area covered by wildfire smoke plumes) were analyzed using the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, which found that the peak concentrations of tree and grass pollens are associated with seasonal patterns of maximum temperature and precipitation. In addition, the peak concentrations of weed pollens are associated with seasonal temperature changes. We did not find clear associations of pollen and spore concentrations with carbon dioxide levels and wildfire smoke exposure. This study’s findings suggest that spore and pollen activities are related to changes in observed climate change variables.
The Flipped Classroom Approach to Improve Fundus Examination Skills for Medical Students: a Mixed-methods Study
Authors: Shikino Kiyoshi , Rosu Claudia A , Yokokawa Daiki , Suzuki Shingo , Hirota Yusuke , Nishiya Katsumi , Ikusaka Masatomi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Training for the fundus examination using traditional teaching is challenging, resulting in low generalist physicians’ confidence in performing the funduscopic exam. At the same time, there is growing evidence suggesting flipped classrooms’ value in teaching physical examination procedures. However, whether the flipped classroom is superior to the traditional, lecture-based teaching for the funduscopic exam and the cognitive processes supporting its effectiveness has not yet been determined. METHODS: We conducted a sequential explanatory mixed-method study to compare the flipped classroom approach’s effectiveness versus the traditional lecture-based classroom for teaching the funduscopic exam to the medical students at Chiba University in Japan. Medical students were randomly assigned to either a flipped classroom group or a traditional teaching group. We then quantitatively measured the diagnostic accuracy of funduscopic findings, the length of time to perform the fundus examination, and students’ confidence in performing funduscopic examinations, before and after attending the specific classrooms. Next, we conducted student focus groups to explore the students’ thinking processes in the flipped classroom and traditional teaching of fundus examination, respectively. The qualitative data were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method.RESULTS: Diagnostic accuracy was significantly higher using the flipped classroom method (flipped: 36.6% to 63.4%, traditional: 28.3% to 34.6%, F (1,310) = 11.0, p = .001). The total examination time was significantly shorter using the flipped classroom teaching (flipped: 85.4s to 66.9s, traditional: 85.3s to 76.3s, F (1,310) = 14.7, p <.001). Six semi-structured focused group interviews were conducted (n=36). In the flipped classroom group, we identified 12 categories corresponding to five levels of the revised Bloom’s taxonomy: remember, understand, apply, analyze, evaluate. Five categories were identified in the traditional classroom group corresponding only to three levels of the revised Bloom’s taxonomy: understand, apply, analyze. Interrater reliability was substantial (Cohen’s kappa = 0.81). CONCLUSIONS: Teaching medical students funduscopic examination using the flipped classroom methodology leads to improved diagnostic accuracy, confidence, and motivation for funduscopic examinations, while reducing total examination time. The flipped classroom teaching method enabled higher levels of cognitive activity than the traditional, lecture-based classroom, as assessed using the revised Bloom’s taxonomy.
Value of Two-Dimensional Speckle Tracking at Rest and During Dobutmaine Stress Echocardiography in Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Saleh Ahmed M. , Zintl Konstantin , Mohrez Yamen , Brachmann Johannes 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
IntroductionCAD (coronary artery disease) is a major cause of death and disability in developed countries. Exercise testing is recommended as a first-line diagnostic test in patients with stable angina pectoris. However, the limited sensitivity and specificity have been criticized. Myocardial strain can predict the presence of significant coronary artery disease.Aim of workto assess the utility of myocardial strain obtained by 2D-speckle tracking at rest and under stress for the detection of CAD in patients referred to chest pain unit with stable and low risk unstable angina pectoris.Methods108 individuals matched the inclusion criteria and gave their written consent to be enrolled in this study. Coronary angiography was performed within 48 hours from admission to the chest pain unit. Myocardial strain by 2D-speckle tracking was obtained at rest and under dobutamine stress.ResultsGlobal longitudinal strain at stress revealed a moderate correlation with the presence of significant CAD; r= 0.41, p <0.0001. While a moderate correlation was established between global strain under stress with the severity of coronary occlusion, r= 0.62, p <0.0001. Global longitudinal strain under stress showed a sensitivity of 74.1% and a specificity of 76.7% in detecting significant CAD at a cut-off value of -19.1.ConclusionLongitudinal strain parameters at rest and under stress could predict the presence of coronary artery disease in patients with stable angina pectoris. The obtained strain data could add value in detecting the severity of CAD.
The Psychometric Properties of Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale in Tic Disorders
Authors: Yan Junjuan , Gu Yi , Wen Fang , Yu Liping , Wang Fang , Liu Jingran , Wang Mengyu , Chu Jiahui , Li Yanlin , Cui Yonghua , Li Ying 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Patients with Tic Disorders (TD) usually comorbid with Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) in TD is widely evaluated via the Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS). However, the reliability and validity of CY-BOCS in TD patients are still unclear. Methods: In this study, we examined the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the CY-BOCS in patients with tic disorders. Results: We examined the psychometric properties of the CY-BOCS in 367 patients with TD in China. We performed reliability and validity analyses on the CY-BOCS and found that the Cronbach’s Alpha and the test-retest reliability of CY-BOCS were 0.809 and 0.821 respectively. The CY-BOCS showed good consistency in the two-factor structure, namely the “obsession” and the “compulsive” factors (the comparative fit index was 0.84). Conclusion: The CY-BOCS has good psychometric properties in children and adolescents with TD. It suggests that the CY-BOCS could be widely used in Chinese children and adolescents with TD, especially for the TS patients.
Activity Level and Patient Outcome After Liver Surgery – A Prospective Study
Authors: Valdimarsson Valentinus , Holka Peter , Radberg John , Mania Jonathan , Sturesson Christian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Perioperative measurement to enhance recovery after surgery has been introduced as a prognostic factor. The effect of surgery on activity level during and after hospital discharge has been relatively under-explored. The present study aims to measure perioperative activity for patients undergoing liver surgery as a 23 benchmark for further interventional studies on the relationship between postoperative mobilization and outcome.Methods: In this prospective cohort study we measured activity levels for patients selected for liver surgery at a single liver surgical center. The activity level was measured before, during hospital admission, and after discharge with patients wearing pedometers. Clinical parameters and outcomes were documented.Results: Thirty-three patients were included. Median activity level was 4303 (2381- 6912), 293 (170-665), and 1250 (613-3300) steps per day preoperatively, perioperatively, and postoperatively after discharge, respectively. The activity level decreased to 38 (22-62) % after discharge compared to preoperative levels. Conclusion: This study quantified the decrease in activity level after liver surgery. Future studies could further evaluate the intervention effect of perioperative care on postoperative outcome measures.
Optimizing SARS-CoV-2 vaccination strategies in France: Results from a stochastic agent-based model
Authors: Hoertel Nicolas , Blachier Martin , Limosin Frédéric , Rico Marina Sánchez , Blanco Carlos , Olfson Mark , Luchini Stéphane , Schwarzinger Michaël , Leleu Henri 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a major global societal, economic and health threat. The availability of COVID-19 vaccines has raised hopes for a decline in the pandemic. We built upon a stochastic agent-based microsimulation model of the COVID-19 epidemic in France. We examined the potential impact of different vaccination strategies, defined according to the age, medical conditions, and expected vaccination acceptance of the target non-immunized adult population, on disease cumulative incidence, mortality, and number of hospital admissions. Specifically, we examined whether these vaccination strategies would allow to lift all non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs), based on a sufficiently low cumulative mortality and number of hospital admissions. While vaccinating the full adult non-immunized population, if performed immediately, would be highly effective in reducing incidence, mortality and hospital-bed occupancy, and would allow discontinuing all NPIs, this strategy would require a large number of vaccine doses. Vaccinating only adults at higher risk for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, i.e. those aged over 65 years or with medical conditions, would be insufficient to lift NPIs. Immediately vaccinating only adults aged over 45 years, or only adults aged over 55 years with mandatory vaccination of those aged over 65 years, would enable lifting all NPIs with a substantially lower number of vaccine doses, particularly with the latter vaccination strategy. Benefits of these strategies would be markedly reduced if the vaccination was delayed, was less effective than expected on virus transmission or in preventing COVID-19 among older adults, or was not widely accepted.
The Influential Associating Factors for Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Propensity Score-matched Analysis
Authors: Chang Yung-Hsin , Hsu Chih-Yu , Lee Tse-Han , Chuang Yun-Shiuan , Wu Ming-Tsang , Lee Chun-Ying 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Dysmenorrhea is a common painful nuisance for reproductive women. This study was to investigate the influential and modifiable factors, regarding health behaviors, lifestyles and dietary habits, for primary dysmenorrhea in a Taiwanese population.Methods:This cross-sectional study retrieved data from 5,000 individuals in the Taiwan Biobank. After excluding men, menopausal and cigarette smoke women and missing values, the 1,325 individuals aged 30 to 56 were analyzed. We used propensity score-matching (PSM) at 1:3 ratio, and the final sample size was 824. The data were analyzed in SPSS 22.0 using Chi-square test, Fisher’s test, Student’s t-test and conditional logistic regression method.Results:After PSM, univariable analysis showed that the higher incidence rates of dysmenorrhea were in exposure to tobacco smoke (P=0.007), less likely to cook at home (P=0.01) and more tendency of tea consumption (P=0.036). On multivariable analysis, compared with non-dysmenorrhea group, the risk of exposure to tobacco smoke was 1.42 times with AOR (CI) = 1.42(1.00, 2.02), P=0.048 and of having the habit of home-cooking was 0.74 times with AOR (CI) = 0.74(0.56, 0.98), P=0.034.Conclusion:The findings implied that exposure to tobacco smoke and no habit of home-cooking habit were the potential risk factors for developing primary dysmenorrhea.