bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
JWST Early Release Science Program TEMPLATES: Targeting Extremely Magnified Panchromatic Lensed Arcs and Their Extended Star Formation
Authors: Rigby Jane R. , Vieira Joaquin D. , Phadke Kedar A. , Hutchison Taylor A. , Welch Brian , Cathey Jared , Spilker Justin S. , Gonzalez Anthony H. , Adhikari Prasanna , Aravena M. , Bayliss Matthew B. , Birkin Jack E. , Bursk Emmy , Chapman Scott C. , Dahle Håkon , Elicker Lauren A. , Fischer Travis C. , Florian Michael K. , Gladders Michael D. , Hayward Christopher C. , Hewald Rose , Kettler Lily A. , Khullar Gourav , Kim Seonwoo , Law David R. , Mahler Guillaume , Malhotra Sangeeta , Murphy Eric J. , Narayanan Desika , Olivier Grace M. , Rhoads James E. , Sharon Keren , Solimano Manuel , Thiruvengadam Athish , Vizgan David , Younker Nikolas ,   TEMPLATES collaboration
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper gives an overview of Targeting Extremely Magnified Panchromatic Lensed Arcs and Their Extended Star formation (TEMPLATES), a JWST Early Release Science program that targeted four extremely bright, gravitationally lensed galaxies, two extremely dusty and two with low attenuation, as templates for galaxy evolution studies with JWST. TEMPLATES obtains a common set of spectral diagnostics for these 1.3 ≤ z ≤ 4.2 galaxies, in particular Hα, Paschen α, and the rest-frame optical and near-infrared continua. In addition, two of the four targets have JWST coverage of [O iii] 5007 Å and Hβ; the other two targets have JWST coverage of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 3.3 μm and complementary Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array data covering the [C ii] 158 μm emission line. The science goals of TEMPLATES are to demonstrate attenuation-robust diagnostics of star formation, map the distribution of star formation, compare the young and old stellar populations, and measure the physical conditions of star formation and their spatial variation across the galaxies. In addition, TEMPLATES has the technical goal to establish best practices for the integral field units within the NIRSpec and MIRI instruments, both in terms of observing strategy and in terms of data reduction. The paper describes TEMPLATES’s observing program, scientific and technical goals, data reduction methods, and deliverables, including high-level data products and data reduction cookbooks.
A Systematic Search for Redback and Black Widow Candidates Based on the 4FGL-DR3 Unassociated Sources and the Zwicky Transient Facility Data
Authors: Lu 卢 Chunyan 春燕 , Ren 任 Liangliang 亮亮 , Lin 林 Jiamao 佳茂 , Huang 黄 Wenjun 文俊 , Yang 杨 Hewen 何文 , Tam P. H. Thomas 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Spider pulsars represent a unique subclass of radio millisecond pulsars in binaries, and are further categorized into black widows and redbacks according to the mass of the low-mass companion. These pulsars, observable across multiple wavelengths, exhibit periodic variability in optical. The discovery and study of additional spider-type pulsars are crucial for a fuller understanding the evolution of binary stars in close orbits and the recycling theory of millisecond pulsars. In this work, we systematically searched for spider pulsar binary systems using time-domain variability data from the Zwicky Transient Facility and unassociated gamma-ray sources from the Fermi 4FGL-DR3 catalog. We developed a time-domain data processing pipeline that employs the Lomb–Scargle periodogram algorithm. As a result, we identified a total of 194 ellipsoidal variables and irradiation-type binary stars. Further refinement using the Gaia Hertzsprung–Russell diagram resulted in a selection of 24 spider pulsar candidates. Incorporating the 4FGL 95% confidence error ellipse reduced the sample to 19 candidates. An additional filter using the Gaia color-reduced proper motion diagram yielded nine “gold sample” candidates. These newly identified spider pulsar candidates will guide future observational campaigns in radio, X-ray, and optical spectroscopy, aiding in the comprehensive validation of their nature.
A Wide and Deep Exploration of Radio Galaxies with Subaru HSC (WERGS). X. The Massive and Passive Nature of Radio Galaxies at z ∼ 4
Authors: Yamamoto Yuta , Nagao Tohru , Yamashita Takuji , Uchiyama Hisakazu , Kubo Mariko , Toba Yoshiki , Harikane Yuichi , Ichikawa Kohei , Kajisawa Masaru , Noboriguchi Akatoki , Ono Yoshiaki , Kawaguchi Toshihiro 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
High-z radio galaxies (HzRGs) are considered important objects for understanding the formation and evolution of massive galaxies in the early Universe. However, until to date, detailed studies of the stellar population of HzRGs, such as the star formation history, have been scarce. Therefore, this study conducted a new survey to establish a less-biased sample of HzRGs and consequently investigate their properties. We utilized a sample of g-dropout Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) obtained from an optical wide and deep imaging survey made by Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam. Based on the cross matching of this LBG sample with the Very Large Array Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty cm radio survey data, we constructed a photometric sample of HzRGs at z ∼ 4 for a ∼560 deg2 survey field. Consequently, we identified 146 HzRG candidates. To analyze the characteristics of these candidates, we focus on objects exhibiting the near-infrared photometry of VIKING or UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey and the mid-infrared photometry of unWISE (28 objects). The results indicate that seven objects exhibit spectral energy distributions (SEDs) consistent with galaxies at z ∼ 4. The HzRG candidates have very large stellar masses with ∼4.2 × 1011
M
⊙ on average. This stellar mass is similar to that of previously discovered ultra-steep-spectrum HzRGs at z ∼ 4, though our sample is affected by a sample selection bias that selects only HzRGs with M
⋆ > 1011
M
⊙. Further, the SEDs of those HzRG candidates suggest a past fast quenching with a rough timescale of ∼0.1 Gyr, as evidenced from the rest-frame UVJ diagram.
HETDEX-LOFAR Spectroscopic Redshift Catalog∗
Authors: Debski Maya H. , Zeimann Gregory R. , Hill Gary J. , Schneider Donald P. , Morabito Leah , Dalton Gavin , Jarvis Matt J. , Mentuch Cooper Erin , Ciardullo Robin , Gawiser Eric , Jurlin Nika 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We combine the power of blind integral field spectroscopy from the Hobby–Eberly Telescope (HET) Dark Energy Experiment (HETDEX) with sources detected by the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) to construct the HETDEX-LOFAR Spectroscopic Redshift Catalog. Starting from the first data release of the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey, including a value-added catalog with photometric redshifts, we extracted 28,705 HETDEX spectra. Using an automatic classifying algorithm, we assigned each object a star, galaxy, or quasar label along with a velocity/redshift, with supplemental classifications coming from the continuum and emission-line catalogs of the internal, fourth data release from HETDEX (HDR4). We measured 9087 new redshifts; in combination with the value-added catalog, our final spectroscopic redshift sample is 9710 sources. This new catalog contains the highest substantial fraction of LOFAR galaxies with spectroscopic redshift information; it improves archival spectroscopic redshifts and facilitates research to determine the [O ii] emission properties of radio galaxies from 0.0 < z < 0.5, and the Lyα emission characteristics of both radio galaxies and quasars from 1.9 < z < 3.5. Additionally, by combining the unique properties of LOFAR and HETDEX, we are able to measure star formation rates (SFRs) and stellar masses. Using the Visible Integral-field Replicable Unit Spectrograph, we measure the emission lines of [O iii], [Ne iii], and [O ii] and evaluate line-ratio diagnostics to determine whether the emission from these galaxies is dominated by active galactic nuclei or star formation and fit a new SFR–L
150MHz relationship.
Multiwavelength Properties of Infrared-faint Radio Sources Based on Analysis of Their Spectral Energy Distribution
Authors: Zhang 张 Yihang 迤航 , Fan 范 Lulu 璐璐 , An 安 Tao 涛 , Yang 杨 Jun 军 , Sun 孙 Weibin 卫斌 , Yu 于 Haoran 浩然 , Han 韩 Yunkun 云坤 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Infrared-faint radio sources (IFRSs) are believed to be a rare class of radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) characterized by their high radio-to-infrared flux density ratios of up to several thousand. Previous studies have shown that a fraction of IFRSs are likely to be hosted in dust-obscured galaxies. In this paper, our aim is to probe the dust properties, star formation rate (SFR), and AGN activity of IFRSs by modeling the UV-to-infrared spectral energy distribution (SED) of 20 IFRSs with spectroscopic redshifts ranging from 1.2 to 3.7. We compare the Bayesian evidence of a three-component model (stellar, AGN, and cold dust) with that of a two-component model (stellar and cold dust) for six IFRSs in our sample with far-infrared photometry and find that the three-component model has significantly higher Bayesian evidence, suggesting that IFRSs are most likely to be AGNs. The median SED of our IFRS sample shows similarities to an AGN–starburst composite in the IR regime. The derived IR luminosities of IFRSs indicate that they are low-luminosity counterparts of high-redshift radio galaxies. We disentangle the contributions of AGN-heated and star formation-heated dust to the IR luminosity of IFRSs and find that our sample is likely AGN-dominated. However, despite the evidence for significant impact of an AGN on the host galaxy, the AGN luminosity of our sample does not show correlation with the SFR of the sources.
Thorium in Kilonova Spectra: Exploring the Heaviest Detectable Element
Authors: Domoto Nanae , Wanajo Shinya , Tanaka Masaomi , Kato Daiji , Hotokezaka Kenta 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Kilonova spectra provide us with direct information about rapid neutron-capture nucleosynthesis (r-process) in neutron star (NS) mergers. In this paper, we study the signatures of elements beyond the third r-process peak expected to be produced in neutron-rich ejecta in the photospheric spectra of kilonova. We select Ra ii, Ac iii, and Th iii as our candidates because they have a small number of valence electrons and low-lying energy levels, which tend to result in strong absorption features. We systematically calculate the strength of bound–bound transitions of these candidates by constructing a line list based on the available atomic database. We find that Th iii is the most promising species, showing strong transitions at near-infrared wavelengths. By performing radiative transfer simulations, we find that Th iii produces broad absorption features at ∼18000 Å in the spectra when the mass ratio of actinides to lanthanides is larger than the solar r-process ratio and the mass fraction of lanthanides is ≲6 × 10−4. Our models demonstrate that the Th feature may be detectable if the bulk of the ejecta in the line-forming region is dominated by relatively light r-process elements with the mixture of a small fraction of very neutron-rich material. Such conditions may be realized in the mergers of unequal-mass NSs or black hole–NS binaries. To detect the Th absorption features, observations from space (such as with the JWST) or high-altitude sites are important as the wavelength region of the Th features overlaps with that affected by strong telluric absorption.
No Evidence for a Significant Evolution of M•–M. Relation in Massive Galaxies up to z ∼ 4
Authors: Sun Yang , Lyu 吕 Jianwei 建伟 , Rieke George H. , Ji Zhiyuan , Sun Fengwu , Zhu Yongda , Bunker Andrew J. , Cargile Phillip A. , Circosta Chiara , D’Eugenio Francesco , Egami Eiichi , Hainline Kevin , Helton Jakob M. , Rinaldi Pierluigi , Robertson Brant E. , Scholtz Jan , Shivaei Irene , Stone Meredith A. , Tacchella Sandro , Williams Christina C. , Willmer Christopher N. A. , Willott Chris 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Over the past two decades, tight correlations between black hole masses (M
•) and their host galaxy properties have been firmly established for massive galaxies (with stellar mass

log
(

M

*

/

M

⊙

)
≳
10

) at low-z (z < 1), indicating coevolution of supermassive black holes and galaxies. However, the situation at high-z, especially beyond cosmic noon (z ≳ 2.5), is controversial. With a combination of JWST Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam)/wide field slitless spectroscopy (WFSS) from FRESCO, CONGRESS and deep multiband NIRCam/image data from JADES in the GOODS fields, we study the black-hole-to-galaxy mass relation at z ∼ 1–4. After identifying 18 broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at 1 < z < 4 (with 8 at z > 2.5) from the WFSS data, we measure their black hole masses based on broad near-infrared lines (Paα, Paβ, and He i
λ10833 Å), and constrain their stellar masses from AGN-galaxy image decomposition or spectral energy distribution decomposition. Taking account of the observational biases, the intrinsic scatter of the M
•−M
* relation, and the errors in mass measurements, we find no significant difference in the M
•/M
* ratio for 2.5 < z < 4 compared to that at lower redshifts (1 < z < 2.5), suggesting no evolution of the M
•−M
* relation at

log
(

M

*

/

M

⊙

)
≳
10

up to z ∼ 4.
RAMSES-yOMP: Performance Optimizations for the Astrophysical Hydrodynamic Simulation Code RAMSES
Authors: Han San , Dubois Yohan , Lee Jaehyun , Kim Juhan , Cadiou Corentin , Yi Sukyoung K. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Developing an efficient code for large, multiscale astrophysical simulations is crucial in preparing for the upcoming era of exascale computing. RAMSES is an astrophysical simulation code that employs parallel processing based on the message-passing interface (MPI). However, it has limitations in computational and memory efficiency when using a large number of CPU cores. The problem stems from inefficiencies in workload distribution and memory allocation that inevitably occur when a volume is simply decomposed into domains equal to the number of working processors. We present RAMSES-yOMP, which is a modified version of RAMSES designed to improve parallel scalability. Major updates include the incorporation of open multiprocessing into the MPI parallelization to take advantage of both the shared and distributed memory models. Utilizing this hybrid parallelism in high-resolution benchmark simulations with full prescriptions for baryonic physics, we achieved an increase in performance by a factor of 2 in the total run-time, while using 75% less memory and 30% less storage than the original code, when using the same number of processors. These improvements allow us to perform larger or higher-resolution simulations than what was feasible previously.
Conditions for Solar Prominence Formation Triggered by Single Localized Heating
Authors: Yoshihisa Takero , Yokoyama Takaaki , Kaneko Takafumi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We performed numerical simulations to study mechanisms of solar prominence formation triggered by a single heating event. In the widely accepted “chromospheric-evaporation condensation” model, localized heating at footpoints of a coronal loop drives plasma evaporation and eventually triggers condensation. The occurrence of condensation is strongly influenced by the characteristics of the heating. Various theoretical studies have been conducted along one-dimensional field lines with quasi-steady localized heating. The quasi-steady heating is regarded as the collection of multiple heating events among multiple strands constituting a coronal loop. However, it is reasonable to consider a single heating event along a single field line as an elemental unit. We investigated the condensation phenomenon triggered by a single heating event using 1.5-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations. By varying the magnitude of the localized heating rate, we explored the conditions necessary for condensation. We found that, when a heating rate approximately ~104 times greater than that of steady heating was applied, condensation occurred. Condensation was observed when the thermal conduction efficiency in the loop became lower than the cooling efficiency, with the cooling rate significantly exceeding the heating rate. Using the loop length L and the Field length λ
F, the condition for condensation is expressed as λ
F ≲ L/2 under conditions where cooling exceeds heating. We extended the analytically derived condition for thermal nonequilibrium to a formulation based on heating amount.
The Extreme Activity in Comet Hale–Bopp (C/1995 O1): Investigations of Extensive Narrowband Photoelectric Photometry
Authors: Schleicher David G. , Birch Peter V. , Farnham Tony L. , Bair Allison N. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Conventional narrowband photoelectric photometry of Comet Hale–Bopp (1995 O1) was obtained on 99 nights from mid-1995 to early-2000, yielding gas and dust production rates over an unprecedented range of time and distance. The appearance of Hale–Bopp (H-B) presented a prime opportunity for active comet studies, and its inherent brightness and orbital geometry allowed the characterization of its long-term activity. Throughout the apparition, H-B released, by far, more gas and dust than any other comet ever measured. As a very high dust-to-gas ratio object, dust production was successfully measured throughout the apparition, with the dust consistently slightly red in color. All five gas species including OH and NH were detected just inside of 5 au inbound, while C2 and C3 were detected to just past 5 au outbound, and CN was followed until nearly 7.7 au. Heliocentric distance dependencies ranged between −1.2 and −2.7 in log–log space, with the extremes magnified by the large extrapolations in Haser model parameters at large distances. H-B’s enormous size and associated extremely high outgassing resulted in a much larger collisional zone, which in turn yielded outflow velocities more than 2× higher than ever previously measured at comparable distances. Even so, volatile composition remained within the “typical” classification, consistent with most Oort Cloud comets, and water production follows the expected curve based on a standard water vaporization model. However, seasonal effects provided evidence for inhomogeneities among the major source regions on the surface of the nucleus. Preliminary modeling of the nucleus and coma successfully matches this seasonal behavior.
Vascular plant diversity of the high mountains of Fereydunshahr, Central Zagros, Iran
Authors: Yaselyani Mohsen , Bagheri Ali , Saeidi Hojjatollah , Noroozi Jalil 
Published: December 2024

Questions: The mountains of Fereydunshahr County are one of the centers of plant endemism within the Zagros, however, its flora and vegetation remain relatively understudied. In this study we undertook research on the plant species diversity of the subalpine and alpine zones of this area, their life forms, chorology, and vegetation types. Study area: Mountains of Fereydunshahr County, Central Zagros, West Iran. Methods: Plant specimens were collected during the growing seasons of 2018 to 2020. A complete species list was prepared including their life forms, chorotypes, elevation range, and major vegetation types. Results: A total of 308 vascular plant species have been identified belonging to 185 genera and 47 families. The largest plant families recorded during the study are Asteraceae with 44 species, Fabaceae 32, Brassicaceae 29, and Lamiaceae 27. At genus level Astragalus with 23 species is the richest. Hemicryptophyte with 162 (53%) species is the major life form. Most of the species are Irano-Turanian elements (52%). A total of 57 species (19%) are endemic to Iran and 23 species (7%) are endemic to Zagros. Most species belong to the montane-subalpine zone (33%), followed by subalpine (20%), montane (15%), lowland-montane (10%), alpine (9%), and lowland-subalpine (5%). In the alpine zone a high proportion of the species are endemic, while the montane zone has a very low proportion of endemics. From the identified species, 24% belong to subalpine and alpine thorn-cushion grasslands, 19% to montane steppe shrublands, 5% to subalpine tall-umbelliferous vegetation types, 5% to wetlands, and 5% to chasmophyte vegetation. Conclusions: The area has a rich flora, but at the same time is under high pressure from anthropogenic activities, especially a very high level of overgrazing. The region is not a protected area, therefore, establishment of a protected area and efficient conservation planning for the region is highly recommended.
Taxonomic reference: Flora of Iran (Assadi et al. 1989–2021) and, for families not yet covered in the previous source, Flora Iranica (Rechinger 1963–2015).
Abbreviations: ES = Euro-Siberian; IT = Irano-Turanian; M = Mediterranean; SS = Saharo-Sindian.
Klasicistična arhitektura za mariborske proizvajalce rozolije, vinskega kamna in kavnih nadomestkov
Authors: Vidmar Polona 
Published: December 2024

V prispevku je obravnavana mariborska arhitektura z elementi neoklasicizma in bidermajerja v kontekstu gospodarskega razvoja mesta, saj so bili v prvi polovici 19. stoletja za novogradnje najzaslužnejši podjetniki, ki so se ukvarjali z živilsko proizvodnjo ali pa so bili lastniki pohorskih steklarn. Stavbna zgodovina Gasteigerjevih destilarn rozolije in vinskega kamna ter Gerdesove in Gerekejeve pražarne kavnih nadomestkov je slabo raziskana, saj so bile prve tovarniške stavbe porušene ali prezidane. V prispevku je na podlagi še neobjavljenih načrtov, fotografij in pisnih virov dopolnjeno dosedanje vedenje o zgodnji mariborski industrijski arhitekturi, stanovanjskih stavbah prvih mariborskih podjetnikov ter o stavbnih mojstrih in arhitektih, ki so delovali po njihovem naročilu (Michael Mareck, Johann Georg Nafz, Anton Wagner, Johann Nusshold, Ferdinand Brodbeck, Joseph Hasslinger). Obravnavane so tudi reklamne tiskovine, na katerih so dali podjetniki upodobiti svoje tovarne.
Trije politiki in umetnost
Authors: Rahten Andrej 
Published: December 2024

Namen prispevka je ovrednotiti poglede slovenskih politikov na umetnost, pri čemer je v prvi vrsti opisana njihova zbirateljska in donatorska dejavnost. Predstavljeni so trije politiki slovenskega rodu, ki so delovali v prvi polovici 20. stoletja, a so bili različnih svetovnonazorskih prepričanj in strankarskih opredelitev: Josef Schwegel (1836–1914), Ivan Švegel (1875–1962) in Anton Korošec (1872–1940). Evalvacija temelji na arhivskih virih in biografski literaturi.
The cellular distribution of P2X7, P2Y6, and P2Y12 during or after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus and literature review
Authors: Li Yue , Tang Fengru , Luo Yumin 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
When a seizure occurs, the distribution of purine receptors in different cell types at various time points remains poorly understood. Our literature review revealed that P2X7, P2Y6, and P2Y12 are expressed in different cells during epilepsy pathogenesis. Therefore, we studied the protein expression patterns of the purinergic receptors P2X7, P2Y6, and P2Y12 in the normal mice hippocampus, as well as during or after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (DPISE or APISE).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Immunohistochemical staining and double-labeling immunofluorescence staining were used to study the cellular distribution of various purinergic receptors across several groups: control, 2-hour DPISE, 1-day APISE, 2-day APISE, 3-day APISE, and 1-week APISE.

RESULTS:
In the normal mouse brain, P2X7, P2Y6, and P2Y12 were predominantly expressed in the neurons. Microglia and astrocytes were found to express these receptors at the onset of seizures. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that P2X7 and P2Y12 are expressed in microglia, whereas P2Y6 is mainly expressed in astrocytes.

CONCLUSION:
Different purinergic receptors are expressed in neurons, microglia, and astrocytes, mediate their interactions, and are involved in epileptogenesis.