bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transition to New Reserves Reporting System in Kazakhstan: Challenges and Benefits
Authors: Mukanov Adil , Zhumadil Asset 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The 74th step of "100 Concrete Step of Nation Plan" initiated by the first president of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RoK) Nursultan Nazarbayev states that Kazakhstani reserves reporting system must be changed to the international standards. One of them actively proposed is the SPE-PRMS. Therefore, the main goal of the paper is to show challenges of the transition, discuss possible problems, their solution and, eventually, advantages for the companies.
In the paper the main aspects of the current State Committee of Reserves (SCR) system or well-known as GKZ system inherited from the Soviet system and used in Kazakhstan are reported. Especially, we try to highlight the reserves categories of A, B, C1 and C2 and their impact on further field development in details. Also SPE-PRMS and SEC rules are shown in terms of differences and similarities with the current system. Importantly, authors demonstrate how the SPE-PRMS standards are wide-spread around the globe. Finally, details of planned shift, some recommendations and simplification of reporting process are exhibited.
As the result of the study the following points are investigated. Firstly, what will be with reports just recently approved by the SCR. Especially, for the big fields whose preparation takes up to several years. Secondly, what the frequency is for the reporting. Thirdly, whether the reports will be handled through several approval stages or just submitted. Moreover, how close to SPE-PRMS the new system should be adopted taking into account Kazahstani realities and if the reports should be composed in English along with Russian, since the main purpose of the transition is to be clear and transparent for the foreign investors. Otherwise, unfamiliar language and big deviation from the well-known standards may ruin the efforts. Despite the complexity of these issues the benefits of the new system are obvious and there are several reasons. The main advantage is that the SPE-PRMS is all about economically recoverable reserves without any ties with fixed recovery factor. In addition, report is done in short time and less volume. Finally, if the norm of the report's submission without going to tedious approval process is accepted, that will ease work of the subsoil users’ because it accelerates further preparation of field development project.
The study is done due to recent changes of the RoK subsoil usage regulations, where the requirement for reserves reporting system's transition to the new international standards is mentioned. However, the issue is not much highlighted in technical publications from the operating companies’ point of view. Thus, having experience with GKZ, SPE-PRMS and SEC systems the authors take this opportunity to show challenges and benefits of the decision.
Holistic Approach in Integrating Passive Acoustic Logs with Static and Dynamic Data Improved Wells Integrity Understanding at Field Scale
Authors: Atakishiyev Fuad , Ramazanov Rizvan , Allan Fergus , Zett Adrian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Proactive well diagnostic surveillance helps with safe delivery of production by effective well management and risk mitigation. The objective of the paper is to demonstrate the data analytics approach utilizing passive acoustic technology in combination with conventional methods of detecting low magnitude dynamic events behind single or multiple casing strings. The results of integrated interpretation of passive acoustic wireline technology with the data from different sources helped to make optimal decision.
Traditional well integrity diagnostic includes temperature and passive acoustic data analysis that are associated with high uncertainty. A newer generation of array passive acoustic technology with enhanced sensitivity capabilities was deployed offshore Azerbaijan. A combination of array passive acoustics data, single point temperature and distributed fiber optic data have been acquired during a multi-well campaign. Extensive review of well integrity history, downhole and surface gauge data incorporated with passive acoustic data from arrays of spectral sensors in time and depth domain helped to refine the process and evolve into a unique interpretation methodology.
The comprehensive interpretation accounted for integration of all available static and dynamic data such as: fluids and formation pressure distribution along the borehole, cement bond logs evaluation, annuli pressure and temperature, production and downhole gauge measurements, fibre optic data, temperature and passive acoustic logs. This helped to understand the low scale dynamic events behind the casing and make an informed decision on safe and reliable well operations. The sensitivity of array passive acoustic technology proved successful in detecting subtle acoustic events where conventional methods failed or had limited success. Successful results have been achieved by customizing the logging program using a multiple well evolutionary approach that improved data quality and saved rig time. Interpretation and decisions derived from each well involved multi-disciplinary well review panel sessions with specialists from subsurface & geohazards, drilling & completions, production & operations departments.
Case studies presented in this paper describe the interpretation approach of highly sensitive array passive acoustic sensors in combination with available static and dynamic point and distributed data. The logging program and interpretation approach used in this article could be considered as a basis for future applications in wells with similar design.
Understanding and Modeling Gas Breakthrough in the Karachaganak Gas Condensate Field
Authors: Ibragimov Abdulmalik , Kan Andrey 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Field production constrained with surface facilities on gas handling have to deal with well rates optimization by reducing gas oil ratio of the field production. This means the best way of reducing gas oil ratio on field level is not by closing wells with the highest gas oil ratio but chocking back wells where gas breakthrough occurred and GOR of a well is rate dependent [1].
In this paper, authors modeled and analyzed wells with gas breakthrough in single porosity and dual porosity sector models. The analysis showed single porosity models underestimate severity of gas breakthrough and fail to predict rate dependent GOR of a well in the field.
Also, based on the sector model using machine-learning technique an empirical equation was developed to estimate rate dependent GOR of a well which can be further used in field level production optimization exercise to reach maximum liquid production under gas processing constraints.
A Tool and Mathematical Model for Estimation of Wells Initial Water-Cut and Residual Oil Reserves on Large-Sized Oil Fields
Authors: Berezkin Vladimir , Sharifov Anar , Khatmullina Elena , Yudin Evgeniy , Khatmullin Ildus 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Oil production forecasting and well intervention planning require an accurate estimation of the remaining oil in place (ROIP). The problem of ROIP maps generation can be solved using commercial software; however, in the case of large fields, this requires significant computing resources and takes a big amount of time to prepare and adapt the data. Mathematical models for getting a quick solution to these issues have not been sufficiently elaborated. In this work a physical and mathematical model is proposed for building ROIP, oil saturation and water cut maps. The model was used to develop a tool for well stock managing, new wells drilling planning and detection of behind casing fluid flow by comparing the actual water cut of the well with the calculated water cut map.
Exploring Psychosocial Determinants of Diversity Sensitive Task Perception and Behavioural Intentions in a Health Care Student Population: Recommendations for Diversity Education in Health Care
Authors: Raemdonck Laura Van , Schelfhout Stijn , Vantieghem Wendelien , George Riya , De Maesschalck Stéphanie , Derous Eva , Willems Sara 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Diversity sensitive task perception and diversity sensitive behavioural intentions are strong predictors of diversity sensitive care. Nevertheless, it has been less clear which psychosocial determinants are affecting these concepts in health care providers. This article also explores whether there are differences in relationships between these concepts, and how these concepts are interrelated. The study focussed on the following psychosocial determinants: (a) ethnocentric attitudes and (b) intercultural capabilities. The latter concept is drawn from the four-dimensional construct of intercultural intelligence. Methods: A survey was conducted in a health care student population (N = 364). In addition to classic survey questions, behavioural intentions were measured through the use of eight vignettes comprising situations characterised by diversity in health care. Results: Regression analyses show that ethnocentric attitudes were negatively associated with diversity sensitive task perception and behavioural intentions. Interestingly, we found no significant relationship between cognitive intercultural capabilities (IC) and diversity sensitivity. Motivational- and behavioural intercultural capabilities were significantly associated with diversity sensitive task perception and behavioural intentions. Motivational IC had a stronger relationship with task perception. Behavioural IC had a stronger relationship with behavioural intentions. Adding diversity sensitive task perception in a supplementary regression model as an independent variable on behavioural intentions caused a shift in associations. The significant association between motivational IC and behavioural intentions disappeared, and a significant association between diversity sensitive task perception and diversity sensitive behavioural intention appeared. Conclusion: Diversity education should increasingly focus on diminishing ethnocentric attitudes and encouraging behavioural IC and motivational IC in health care students. The paper also suggests two theoretical hypothesises. Firstly, metacognitive IC is a concept strongly related to two IC: motivational IC and behavioural IC. Secondly, the relationship between motivational IC and behavioural intentions is fully mediated by diversity sensitive task perception. Further research that substantiate these theoretical hypothesises is recommended.
An Analytical Tool for Constructing and Evaluating Testing Strategic for COVID-19
Authors: Kouri Richard , Warsing Donald , Singh Nikhil , Thomas Beena , Handfield Robert B 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

This paper describes the utilization of a mathematical modeling tool for evaluating alternative testing cadences for the SARS-CoV-2 virus that are applicable to any well-contained congregate setting. These settings include long-term care facilities, and public-school systems.
Results

Variables analyzed include population sizes, contagion factor, and unique testing objectives that congregate settings might have (e.g., differing susceptibilities, or varying underlying health conditions). The tool helps evaluate cost vs benefit for a range of testing cadences (e.g., daily, every 2 days, every 3 days, every week, every 2 weeks every 3 weeks and every 4 weeks) based on use of a commercially available antigen testing kit that costs $5 per test.
Conclusions

Critical parameters derived as output of the model include total persons tested, average number in quarantine, average percent positives in quarantine, total testing cost, total infections allowed, cases averted, and cost per case averted. These parameters allow public health officials, site managers and/or on-site healthcare workers to optimize testing plans to align with available resources and support fact-based decision making. We also discuss how this tool can work with vaccine roll-out both in the United States and elsewhere.
Interaction Between Self-Perceived Disease Control and Self-Management Behaviors: The Role of Subjective Life Expectancy
Authors: Lu Jiao , Liu Linhui , Zheng Jiaming , Zhou Zhongliang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Backgrounds: One of the effective ways to control chronic diseases is long-term self-management, but it is difficult to adhere to. Therefore, the understanding of how people engage in the process of self-management behavior change is necessary. In this study, we aimed to examine the dynamic relationship between self-perceived disease control and self-management behaviors in Chinese older adults with hypertension, namely, medication use, self-monitoring, physical activity, tobacco and alcohol avoidance; and to explore the mediating role of subjective life expectancy (SLE) on this relationship. Methods: Data came from a nationally representative sample of 508 older hypertensive patients (aged 45+) from 2013, 2015, and 2018 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. A cross-lagged panel model combined with mediation analysis was used to determine the dynamic relationship between self-perceived disease control and self-management behaviors, and also clarify the mediating effect of SLE on this ascertained relationship.Results: Good self-perceived disease control predicted subsequently well medication use, self-monitoring and physical activity, and vice versa. The subjective life expectancy (SLE) partially mediated the prospective reciprocal relationships between self-perceived disease control and these self-management behaviors, accounting for 37.11%, 25.88%, 19.39% of the total effect of self-perceived disease control on medication use, self-monitoring and physical activity, respectively. These self-management behaviors further had significantly and positively feedback effect on self-perceived disease control. However, both direct and indirect effects (via SLE) of self-perceived disease control on tobacco and alcohol avoidance were not revealed.Conclusions: Positive feedback loops of present self-perceived disease control, future SLE and self-management behaviors (medication use, self-monitoring, and physical activity) help older hypertensive patients adhere to these behaviors, but useless for their addictive behaviors’ avoidance. Interventions aimed at enhancing effect perception of general self-management behaviors (e.g., medication use, self-monitoring and physical activity) on present disease control perspective and future lifespan perspective would be beneficial for consistent these self-management behaviors of older hypertensive patients. The utility of present disease control perception to these self-management behaviors was much higher than the utility of future expectations. While alternative stress relief strategies may be conducive to the long-term change of their addictive behaviors.
Encephalopathy as a prognostic factor in adults with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following COVID-19
Authors: Gelibter Stefano , Bellavia Gabriele , Arbasino Carla , Arnò Natale , Glorioso Margaret , Mazza Sara , Murelli Rosanna , Sciarretta Massimo , Dallocchio Carlo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Numerous reports support the possible occurrence of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) following COVID-19. Herein, we report a case of ADEM in a 53 years-old man two weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection. We reviewed the reports of adult cases of ADEM and its variant acute necrotizing hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (ANHLE) to check for possible prognostic factors and clinical/epidemiological peculiarities. We performed a descriptive analysis of clinical and cerebrospinal fluid data. Ordinal logistic regressions were performed to check the effect of clinical variables and treatments on ADEM/ANHLE outcomes. We also compared ADEM and ANHLE patients. We identified a total of 20 ADEM (9 females, median age 53.5 years) and 23 ANHLE (11 females, median age 55 years). Encephalopathy was present in 80% of ADEM and 91.3% of ANHLE patients. We found that the absence of encephalopathy predicts a better clinical outcome in ADEM (OR = 0.027, 95%CI 0.001–0.611, p = 0.023), also when correcting for the other variables (OR = 0.032, 95%CI 0.001–0.995, p = 0.05). Conversely, we identified no significant prognostic factor in ANHLE patients. ANHLE patients showed a trend towards a worse clinical outcome (lower proportion of good/complete recovery, 4.5% vs 16.7%) and higher mortality (36.4% vs 11.1%) as compared to ADEM. Compared to pre-pandemic ADEM, we observed a higher median age of people with post-COVID-19 ADEM and ANHLE, a shorter interval between infection and neurological symptoms, and a worse prognosis both in terms of high morbidity and mortality. Despite being affected by the retrospective nature of the study, these observations provide new insights into ADEM/ANHLE following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Crucial Candidate Genes and Pathways in The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis During External Genitalia Development of Male Geese
Authors: Tang Bincheng , Hu Shenqiang , Ouyang Qingyuan , Wu Tianhao , Lu Yao , Hu Jiwei , Hu Bo , Li Liang , Wang Jiwen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

All birds reproduce via internal fertilization, but only ~ 3% of male birds possess the external genitalia that allows for intromission. Waterfowl (e.g., duck and goose) are representatives of them, and the external genitalia development of male geese is directly related to mating ability. Notably, some male geese show abnormal external genitalia development during ontogenesis. However, until now little is known about the molecular mechanisms of the external genitalia development in goose. In the present study, comparative transcriptomic analyses were performed on the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, testis, and external genitalia isolated from the 245-day-old male Tianfu meat geese showing normal (NEGG, n = 3) and abnormal (AEGG, n = 3) external genitals in order to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms controlling the development of the external genitalia in aquatic bird species.
Results

There were 107, 284, 2192, and 1005 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, testis and external genitalia between NEGG and AEGG. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that the DEGs identified in the hypothalamus were mainly enriched in the ECM-receptor interaction pathway. The ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathways were significantly enriched by the DEGs in the pituitary gland. In the testis, the DEGs were involved in the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, cell cycle, oocyte meiosis and purine metabolism. In the external genitalia, the DEGs were mainly involved in the metabolic, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and WNT signaling pathways. Additionally, through protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and co-expression network integrated analysis, fifteen genes involved in the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and WNT signaling pathways were identified, including KNG1, LPAR2, LPAR3, NPY, PLCB1, AVPR1B, GHSR, GRM3, HTR5A, FSHB, FSHR, WNT11, WNT5A, WIF1, and WNT7B, which are potentially crucial for the development of goose external genitalia.
Conclusions

To our knowledge, this study is the first comparing the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, testis, and external genitalia transcriptomes of male geese exhibiting normal and abnormal external genitals. Significantly, we identified the key DEGs involved in the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway which regulates the WNT signaling pathway through PLCB1 to control the development of male goose external genitalia.
Optical singular and dark solitons to the nonlinear Schrodinger equation in magneto-optic waveguides with anti-cubic nonlinearity.
Authors: Mathanaranjan Thilagarajah , Rezazadeh Hadi , Senol Mehmet , Akinyemi Lanre 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The present paper aims to investigate the coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE) in magneto-optic waveguides having anti-cubic (AC) law nonlinearity. The solitons secured to magneto-optic waveguides with AC law nonlinearity are extremely useful to fiber-optic transmission technology. Three constructive techniques, namely, the (G'/G)-expansion method, the modified simple equation method (MSEM), and the extended tanh-function method are utilized to find the exact soliton solutions of this model. Consequently, dark, singular and combined dark-singular soliton solutions are obtained. The behaviours of soliton solutions are presented by 3D and 2D plots.
The Pharmacokinetics of Buserelin after Intramuscular Administration in Pigs and Cows
Authors: Gao Zhengrong , Liu Yu , Yang Yuxin , Cao Yuying , Qiu Jicheng , Zhang Lu , Guo Yanying , Wang Yue , Zhang Mingchuan , Kong Jingyuan , Cao Xingyuan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Buserelin is a LHRH agonist used for the treatment of hormone-dependent diseases in males and females. However, the pharmacokinetics of buserelin in pigs and cows are not clearly understood. This study was designed to develop a sensitive method to determine the concentration of buserelin and to investigate the pharmacokinetic parameters after intramuscular (i.m.) administration in pigs and cows. Results: A sensitive and rapid stability method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed. The pharmacokinetic parameters of buserelin after i.m. administration were studies in five pigs and five cows at a single dose of 1 mg per pig and 3 mg per cow. The plasma kinetics were analyzed by WinNonlin 8.1.0 software using a non-compartmental model. The mean concentration area under the curve (AUC0-t) was 25.02 ± 6.93 h·ng/mL for pigs and 5.63 ±1.86 h·ng/mL for cows. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and time to reach the maximum concentration (tmax) were 10.99 ± 2.04 ng/mL and 0.57 ± 0.18 h for pigs and 2.68 ± 0.36 ng/mL and 1.05 ±0.27 h for cows, respectively. The apparent volume of distribution (Vz) in pigs and cows was 80.49 ± 43.88 L and 839.88 ± 174.77 L, respectively. The elimination half-time (t1/2λz), and clearance (CL) were 1.29 ± 0.40 h and 41.15 ± 11.18 L/h for pigs and 1.13 ± 0.3 h and 545.04 ± 166.40 L/h for cows, respectively. No adverse effects were observed in any of the animals. Conclusion: This study extends previous studies describing the pharmacokinetics of buserelin following i.m. administration in pigs and cows. Further studies investigating other factors were needed to establish therapeutic protocol in pigs and cows and to extrapolate these parameters to others economic animals.