bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hadron production in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions and finite baryon-size effects
Authors: Mir Sameer Ahmad , Rather Nasir Ahmad , Mohi Ud Din Iqbal , Uddin Saeed 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We investigate the relative yields of various like and unlike mass hadrons in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions (URHIC). In the framework of thermal model a strong evidence of strangeness imbalance is observed in the experiments at lower collision energies relative to non-strange particles, particularly pions. The study indicates that like mass particle ratios in the system at the chemical freeze-out in URHIC can be described effectively by considering baryons (antibaryons) as point like as well as finite size particles which imitates hard-core repulsive interactions leading to an excluded volume type effect. In this analysis, we employ the statistical Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) model for both cases. A comparison between the two cases is provided. However, the importance of considering baryons (antibaryons) as finite size particles is revealed in the description of baryon to meson ratios. Best fits to particle ratios are obtained using $\chi^{2}$-minimization procedure. For the case of finite-size baryons (antibaryons), we find that considering their hard-core radii allows us to fit the available antibaryon-to-baryon and baryon (antibaryon)-to-pion ratio experimental data simultaneously quite well with the same model parameter values. Moreover, our results align well with the proton radius puzzle observed in the muonic hydrogen measurement data. Furthermore, the study reveals two distinct chemical freeze-out stages in both cases, where the earlier one corresponds to baryonic (hyperonic) and antibaryonic (antihyperonic) states and a later one to mesonic degrees of freedom. A comparison of freeze-out lines obtained from both the cases is made along with the results of some earlier studies.
Extended Haldane model- a modern gateway to topological insulators
Authors: Nag Tanay , Mandal Saptarshi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The seminal Haldane model brings up a paradigm beyond the quantum Hall effect to look for a plethora of topological phases in the honeycomb and other lattices. Here we dwell into this model considering a full parameter space in the presence of spin–orbit interaction as well as Zeeman field such that the flavour of Kane-Mele model is invoked. Adopting this extended Haldane model as an example, we elucidate, in a transparent manner, a number of topological features in a pedagogical manner. First, we describe various first order topological insulator phases and their characterizations while explaining various anomalous quantum Hall effects and quantum spin Hall effects in the extended Haldane model. Second, we demonstrate the concepts of higher order topological insulator phases along with the topological invariants in the anisotropic limit of the extended Haldane model. At the end, we discuss various open issues involving emergent or extended symmetries that might lead to a broader understanding of various topological phases and the associated criteria behind their emergence.
RNAF-YOLO: a model for highlighting difficult-to-detect targets in remote sensing images
Authors: Wang Manyi , Gao Weiwei , Fang Yu , Liu Xintian , Jin Xiaoyi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Challenges like scale variations, shape diversity, complex backgrounds, and sample imbalance in remote sensing images make some targets difficult to detect. Consequently, a model called RNAF-You Only Look Once (YOLO) is proposed, combining a composite convolution module with an Intersection over Union (IoU)-based weighted loss function for remote sensing object detection. A composite convolution module, RepFocalNet, is designed and incorporated into the backbone network to replace the original C2f layer, enhancing multi-scale modeling and feature extraction capabilities in complex backgrounds. Adaptive spatial correlation pyramid attention is introduced after the ninth layer, enhancing sensitivity to subtle features and improving small object detection. Furthermore, Focal Inner Soft IoU is designed to replace the original loss function. Ablation experiments were conducted on the DIOR dataset to verify the effectiveness of each module. Following this, the proposed method was compared with several leading methods to further evaluate its performance. Compared to the YOLOv8 model, RNAF-YOLO improved mAP@50 by 1.5% and increased recall by 3%. Additionally, the classification accuracy for the bridge and vehicle categories increased by 4.2% and 8.9%. Compared to other methods, RNAF-YOLO demonstrates superior performance across multiple classification accuracy metrics. As a consequence, the proposed method demonstrates superior performance in remote sensing object detection, effectively highlighting difficult-to-detect targets.
Effect of the maximum furnace temperature on the THM growth process of GaInSb crystals with the mushy zone
Authors: Wang Bowen , Liu Ming , Xing Weirong , Nie Lifang , Kang Chuangang , Liu Juncheng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The temperature control is crucial for the crystal growth, and has varying degrees of impact on different crystal growth methods. To study the effect of the maximum furnace temperature T
MAX on GaInSb crystal growth, we simulated the GaInSb crystal growth processes with the traveling heater method (THM), in which the mushy zone was carefully considered. The results indicate that the T
MAX significantly affects the growth interface curvature δR
, the axial temperature gradient within the crystal, the melt flow velocity, and the melting zone height HM
for THM growth. The HM
and the axial temperature gradients at the front of the growth interface gradually increase as the T
MAX increases, while the δR
decreases. As the T
MAX increases from 1031 K to 1034 K, the HM
increases by 45.68% from 41.16 mm to 59.96 mm; the δR
decreases by 269.14% from −1.62% to −5.98%, that is, the interface concavity significantly increases. The axial temperature gradient at the growth interface front increases by 29.55% from 4.23 K cm−1 to 5.48 K cm−1 ; the maximum velocity in the melting zone increases by 82.21% from 2.81 × 10−3 m s−1 to 5.12 × 10−3 m s−1 when the T
MAX increases from 1031 K to 1034 K. Therefore, the smaller the T
MAX, the smaller the interface concavity during the crystal growth, and the smaller the temperature gradient at the growth interface, which would be more conducive to the growth of high-quality crystals.
Recent advances in localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensing technologies
Authors: Lin Xunjie , Luo Yunfei , Li Dongxian , Li Yue , Gong Tiancheng , Zhao Chengwei , Duan Ruiqi , Yue Weisheng , Wang Changtao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is an optical phenomenon associated with noble metal nanostructures. The resonances result in sharp spectral absorption peaks as well as enhanced local electromagnetic fields, which have been widely used in chemical and biological sensing. Over the past decade, as label-free analytical method, LSPR sensors have gained considerable interest and undergone rapid development. In addition to conventional refractive-index sensing through resonant wavelength shift, molecular sensing by colorimetry and imaging techniques have also been developed. Moreover, the LSPR sensors have been integrated with other techniques such as micro/nano fluidics and artificial intelligence to enhance their functionality and performances. In this work, we provide an overview of the recent advancement in LSPR sensors technology, including refractive-index, colorimetric, and imaging-based sensors., as well as the incorporation of new technologies like artificial intelligence.&#xD;
Regulating the hierarchical distribution of oxygen vacancies through Ce doping and NaBH4 reduction to enhance Co2NiO4 supercapacitor performance
Authors: Zhang Jialu , Wang Yan , Cai Wangfeng , Wang Zheng , Li Tong , Chen Peng , Lu Zhiyong , Li Haoze , Zhao Hui , Yue Youbin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this study, Co2NiO4 with a tunable and hierarchical distribution of oxygen vacancies was synthesized via Ce doping and NaBH4 reduction to enhance its electrochemical performance. Ce doping through a hydrothermal method gave rise to lattice distortions and uniform oxygen vacancies at asymmetric sites, thereby improving the mobility and concentration of carriers within Co2NiO4. Moreover, the NaBH4 reduction process brought about a considerable number of oxygen vacancies and surface-active sites, both of which contributed to the increased conductivity and specific capacitance. Characterization results indicated that the Ce/Co2NiO4-Vo nanosheets with surface burrs exhibited an abundant distribution of oxygen vacancies, resulting in a boost of the material’s specific capacitance while ensuring stability. At a 1 A g−1 current density, these nanosheets achieved a maximum specific capacitance of 1493.6 F g−1. When tested at 10 A g−1, Ce/Co2NiO4-Vo retained 88.47% of its initial capacitance after undergoing 5000 cycles. The synthesized Ce/Co2NiO4-Vo was further combined with activated carbon (AC) to form an asymmetric supercapacitor configuration known as Ce/Co2NiO4-Vo//AC, attaining an 80.51 Wh kg−1 energy density at 800 W kg−1 power density. This study provides innovative strategies and highlights advancements in the high-performance supercapacitors and energy storage solutions.
Vortex dynamics study on an uniaxially textured YBCO/MgO superconducting film from magnetic measurements
Authors: Sanchez Cornejo H. , Bustamante Domínguez A. , Holmes Stuart Nicholas , Seo Jiwon , Albino Aguiar J. , Silva V.A.J. , Barnes Crispin HW , de los Santos Valladares Luis 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The vortex dynamics of an undoped uniaxially textured YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) superconducting film grown onto a MgO (100) substrate was inspected by applying the vortex glass and collective-pinning models. The texture and structural characterization studied by XRD revealed a uniaxially (00l) YBCO layer, which coexists with minor Y2BaCuO5 and CuO phases. The temperature dependence of the magnetization in the superconducting state reveals a critical temperature TC = 88 K. By measuring the hysteresis loops (M(H)) at 10 - 70 K, the critical fields HC1, HC2, HP and Hirr were estimated and a vortex matter diagram is sketched. By using the Bean model, the critical current density values JC(T,H) are obtained and the typical peak effect is observed. The vortex dynamics mechanism is discussed taking into account four vortex feature regimes in the double-logarithmical JC(H) curves. The vortex pinning mechanism is discussed by obtaining the pining force, FP, its normalization, f(h), and magnetic relaxation M(t) measurements taken in field cooling (FC) mode at 10 – 60 K. The glassy exponent μ and the characteristic energy U(J, T) in the vortex glass model were estimated following the Maley method. The collective-pinning model is used to discuss the possible vortex regimes mechanism (individual flux lines, small bundles and large bundles of pinned flux). Eventually, the E(J) curves, expressed from the swept field and creep measurements, show a power-law behaviour, in agreement with the vortex matter.&#xD;
In-situ synchronous measurement of deformation and temperature during quenching of HTS CC via digital image correlation-aided fluorescent thermometry
Authors: Li Yihao , Deng Jihua , Mu Nana , Zhou Jun , Zhang Xingyi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Second-generation high-temperature superconducting coated conductors (CCs) have excellent properties such as high irreversibility magnetic field, high critical current, and high critical temperature, which offer an extensive potential application. These conductors are typically employed in extremely complex environments characterized by low temperatures, high magnetic fields, and large current-carrying capacities, which lead to a pronounced coupling of mechanical, thermal, electrical, and magnetic fields. Currently, quenching represents a critical challenge limiting their application. To investigate the quenching mechanism and failure modes of superconducting CCs, this study has developed a method called digital image correlation-aided fluorescent thermometry (FT). Based on the different channels of a single color camera, this method facilitates in-situ, simultaneous measurement of deformation and temperature fields, while significantly minimizing the errors associated with positional changes that plague conventional FT. Through non-contact, comprehensive field measurements of the quenching process, triggered by uniaxial stretching of a superconducting CC at 77 K, it unveils the patterns of temperature and deformation during the propagation of quenching in superconducting CCs. This investigation lays the groundwork for future efforts in quench protection and design optimization.
Effects of Ni doping on vortex pinning in RbCa2(Fe1−x
Ni
x
)4As4F2 single crystals
Authors: Yi Xiaolei , Li Yigang , Meng Yan , Xing Xiangzhuo , Wang Chunlei , Shi Zhixiang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We investigate the correlation between chemical composition and vortex dynamics in Ni-doped RbCa2(Fe1−x
Ni
x
)4As4F2 (x = 0, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07) single crystals using electrical transport and magnetization measurements. In the mixed state, the vortex slush phase, typically observed in a system with moderate disorder, gradually disappears as the Ni doping concentration increases. The activation energy U
0, derived from Arrhenius plots of resistivity, exhibits an H
−α
dependence and decreases progressively. Magnetic hysteresis loops measurements reveal the second magnetization peaks and its evolution from non-monotonic to monotonic behavior with temperature. A peak in critical current density J
c with Ni doping is observed, and the maximum J
c occurs at x = 0.03, with an estimated value of 1.7 × 106 A cm−2. The monotonic decline in T
c and non-monotonic variation in J
c suggest that the partial substitution of Fe by Ni increases the lattice disorder and improves the pinning performance. Referring to the Dew-Hughes model, the fitting results of vortex pinning force density against the reduced magnetic fields (h= H/H
irr and H/H
max) manifest that both normal point pinning and surface pinning contribute to the pinning effect on the critical current, with normal point pinning gaining prominence at higher Ni doping concentrations. The findings offer valuable insights into the role of chemical doping in vortex pinning and critical current density enhancement, deepening our understanding of the pinning mechanisms in iron-based superconductors with intergrowth structures.
Levitation force study of multi-degree-of-freedom HTS maglev crossing electromagnetic turnout
Authors: Peng Can , He Bin , Yang Bo , Yin Peiyu , Lei Wuyang , Deng Zigang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
High-temperature superconducting (HTS) maglev technology has gained significant attention for its self-stabilizing levitation and guidance properties. However, the development of electromagnetic turnouts for HTS maglev systems remains underexplored, limiting their application in complex rail networks. This study processed an electromagnetic turnout with trapezoidal switch pole based on the evaluation that incorporates magnetic field and gradients. The levitation force characteristics of HTS maglev during multiple turnout crossings are analyzed with released both lateral and yaw (BLY) degrees of freedom. Furthermore, three constraint states of the levitation system are examined and found that the BLY constraint significantly reduces levitation force fluctuations and ensures smoother turnout transitions. The findings provide critical insights for designing electromagnetic turnouts and optimizing constraint conditions for HTS maglev systems, offering potential for improved performance in turnout and complex curve crossings.
Path integral formulation in the central potential of Wigner-Dunkl quantum mechanics
Authors: Benzair Hadjira , Boudjedaa Tahar , Merad Mahmoud 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A central coordinate system is investigated within the framework of the Wigner-Dunkl deformation of quantum mechanics, treated using Feynman’s path integral approach. This approach involves performing path integration of a Lagrangian in polar coordinates, with an effective potential term that depends on both radial and angular coordinates. The success in separating variables within the two-dimensional Dunkl system facilitated obtaining exact expressions for the propagators associated with the free particle, inverse square potential, harmonic oscillator, and Coulomb potential. The energy eigenvalues and their corresponding wave functions are also determined.
Physicochemical properties of sesame oil blending with sunflower oil
Authors: Viraneva A. , Marudova M. , Antova G. , Nikolova K. , Romova M. , Petkova Z. , Teneva O. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Vegetable oils can be adjusted by different methods to enhance their commercial applications. One of the easiest ways of creating new innovative products with desirable textured and oxidative properties is the mixing of vegetable oils of various concentrations. Vegetable oil blends are gaining popularity worldwide due to their advantages. Some oils have limited applications in their original form due to their chemical composition. Blending is one way to widen their commercial use. In the present paper blends (5:95, 10:90, 30:70, 50:50 70:30 and 90:10 w/w) of sesame oil with less stable edible oils like sunflower were investigated. Thus, the objective was to exploit the effect of the more potent antioxidant properties of oil blends to achieve longer shelf-life. The physicochemical properties of the blends as the fatty acid composition, thermal behavior differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), refractive indices and UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy were investigated. The blending of sesame oils with other vegetable oils would enable the initial properties of the oils to be modified or altered and provide functional and nutritional attributes for usage in various food applications, increasing the possibilities for the commercial use of these oils.
Composite porous biopolymer multilayer films as potential controlled delivery systems for tolfenamic acid
Authors: Grigorov A , Viraneva A , Marudova M , Zsivanovits G , Yovcheva T 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate the potential of composite porous biopolymer films, created by lyophilization of solutions of two different biopolymers (Poly-D-lactic acid/PLA and Poly-ɛ-caprolactone/PEC) at different mass ratios (pure PLA, 3-to-1, 1-to-1, 1-to-3 and pure PEC), for controlled release of a chosen bioactive substance (tolfenamic acid). For this purpose, the prepared porous films were charged under corona discharge in a standard triode system (consisting of a charging electrode/needle supplied with 5 kV of a chosen polarity, a grid supplied with 1 kV with the same polarity as the charging electrode/needle and a grounded electrode) with positive charges. A set number of chitosan and casein multilayers were deposited on the surface of the charged porous films using a standard layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition technique, with the bioactive material being loaded in the casein layers. The drug release kinetics and the total amount of released drug in a standard dissolution medium were determined with the use of a spectrometer.
Three-stage bias compensation method for target localization with inaccurate sensor locations
Authors: Li Liangdong , Xu Ziqi , Liu Wenru , Tang Xiafei , Zou Yiqun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper proposes a new bearing-only three-stage bias compensation method (BWIVBC) for inaccurate sensor locations. In the first stage, the proposed method (BBC) estimates the target position consistently after compensating for the sensor measurement errors. In the second stage, based on the target estimate of the first stage, the Weighted instrumental variables (WIV) method is used to refine the target location estimation. In the third stage, the bias of the WIV method is further compensated, and the final target location estimate is obtained. The performance advantage of the proposed method is verified by numerical simulation.
A non-homogeneous, non-stationary and path-dependent Markov anomalous diffusion model
Authors: Barraza Nestor R , Pena Gabriel , Gambini Juliana , Florencia Carusela M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A novel probabilistic framework for modelling anomalous diffusion is presented. The resulting process is Markovian, non-homogeneous, non-stationary, non-ergodic, and state-dependent. The fundamental law governing this process is driven by two opposing forces: one proportional to the current state, representing the intensity of autocorrelation or contagion, and another inversely proportional to the elapsed time, acting as a damping function. The interplay between these forces determines the diffusion regime, characterized by the ratio of their proportionality coefficients. This framework encompasses various regimes, including subdiffusion, Brownian non-Gaussian, superdiffusion, ballistic, and hyperballistic behaviours. The hyperballistic regime emerges when the correlation force dominates over damping, whereas a balance between these mechanisms results in a ballistic regime, which is also stationary. Crucially, non-stationarity is shown to be necessary for regimes other than ballistic. The model’s ability to describe hyperballistic phenomena has been demonstrated in applications such as epidemics, software reliability, and network traffic. Furthermore, deviations from Gaussianity are explored and violations of the central limit theorem are highlighted, supported by theoretical analysis and simulations. It will also be shown that the model exhibits a strong autocorrelation structure due to a position dependent jump probability.
“Virtual sensor” approach for damage localization in mechanical structures – methodology and experimental validation.
Authors: Merzak Leila , Saoutieff Elise , Ott Célestin , Boisseau Sebastien 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper presents a refined framework for the development of digital twins in subsystem-level applications, leveraging a virtual sensor approach. To validate the proposed framework, a case study was conducted focusing on damage localization within a mechanical structure. By integrating physics-based models with data-driven techniques, the digital twin enables real-time monitoring and accurate damage localization using a reduced number of strain sensors. The digital twin developed operates in two phases: an offline phase for modeling and simulating virtual sensors, and an online phase that processes real-time strain data from the physical system. The results demonstrate that the digital twin accurately localizes damage in real-world mechanical structures, highlighting its potential for broad application in structural health monitoring.