bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative Mapping Angiograms of the Parathyroid Glands Using Indocyanine Green During Thyroid Surgery: Results of the Fluogreen Study
Authors: Benmiloud Fares , Penaranda Guillaume , Chiche Laurent , Rebaudet Stanislas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundDuring thyroid surgery, preservation of parathyroid gland (PG) feeding vessels is often impossible. The aim of the Fluogreen study was to determine the feasibility of using indocyanine green (ICG)‐based intraoperative mapping angiograms of the PG (iMAP) to improve vascular preservation.Study designThis prospective study enrolled all patients undergoing thyroid lobectomy or total thyroidectomy at the Hôpital Européen Marseille between September and December 2018. After exploring the thyroid lobe by autofluorescence to locate the PGs, ICG solution was injected intravenously to locate the PG feeding vessels and guide dissection. A second ICG injection was administered at the end of the lobectomy to assess perfusion of the PGs. The primary outcome was the quality of the angiogram, scaled as iMAP 0 (not informative), iMAP 1 (general vascular pattern visible but no clear vascular pedicle flowing into the PG), or iMAP 2 (clear vascular pedicle flowing into the PG). The secondary outcome was the PG perfusion score at the end of surgery, scaled from ICG 0 (no perfusion) to ICG 2 (intense uptake).ResultsA total of 47 adult patients were analyzed, including 34 total thyroidectomies and 13 lobectomies. ICG angiography assessed 76 PGs, which were scored as iMAP 2 in 24 cases (31.6%), iMAP 1 in 46 (60.5%) and iMAP 0 in six (7.9%). At the end of dissection, the ICG perfusion score was significantly better for the PGs with informative angiography (iMAP 1 or 2), than for the PGs with uninformative angiography (iMAP 0), or the PGs not evaluated by vascular angiography (p < 0.05).ConclusioniMAP is feasible and provides direct vascular information in one‐third of the cases. Further improvements to this technology are necessary, and the influence of this technique on patient outcomes during thyroidectomy will need to be further evaluated.
Quantifying the impact of heat on human physical work capacity; part II: the observed interaction of air velocity with temperature, humidity, sweat rate, and clothing is not captured by most heat stress indices
Authors: Foster Josh , Smallcombe James W. , Hodder Simon , Jay Ollie , Flouris Andreas D. , Havenith George 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Increasing air movement can alleviate or exacerbate occupational heat strain, but the impact is not well defined across a wide range of hot environments, with different clothing levels. Therefore, we combined a large empirical study with a physical model of human heat transfer to determine the climates where increased air movement (with electric fans) provides effective body cooling. The model allowed us to generate practical advice using a high-resolution matrix of temperature and humidity. The empirical study involved a total of 300 1-h work trials in a variety of environments (35, 40, 45, and 50 °C, with 20 up to 80% relative humidity) with and without simulated wind (3.5 vs 0.2 m∙s−1), and wearing either minimal clothing or a full body work coverall. Our data provides compelling evidence that the impact of fans is strongly determined by air temperature and humidity. When air temperature is ≥ 35 °C, fans are ineffective and potentially harmful when relative humidity is below 50%. Our simulated data also show the climates where high wind/fans are beneficial or harmful, considering heat acclimation, age, and wind speed. Using unified weather indices, the impact of air movement is well captured by the universal thermal climate index, but not by wet-bulb globe temperature and aspirated wet-bulb temperature. Overall, the data from this study can inform new guidance for major public and occupational health agencies, potentially maintaining health and productivity in a warming climate.
Intracranial aneurysm wall (in)stability–current state of knowledge and clinical perspectives
Authors: Morel Sandrine , Bijlenga Philippe , Kwak Brenda R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Intracranial aneurysm (IA), a local outpouching of cerebral arteries, is present in 3 to 5% of the population. Once formed, an IA can remain stable, grow, or rupture. Determining the evolution of IAs is almost impossible. Rupture of an IA leads to subarachnoid hemorrhage and affects mostly young people with heavy consequences in terms of death, disabilities, and socioeconomic burden. Even if the large majority of IAs will never rupture, it is critical to determine which IA might be at risk of rupture. IA (in)stability is dependent on the composition of its wall and on its ability to repair. The biology of the IA wall is complex and not completely understood. Nowadays, the risk of rupture of an IA is estimated in clinics by using scores based on the characteristics of the IA itself and on the anamnesis of the patient. Classification and prediction using these scores are not satisfying and decisions whether a patient should be observed or treated need to be better informed by more reliable biomarkers. In the present review, the effects of known risk factors for rupture, as well as the effects of biomechanical forces on the IA wall composition, will be summarized. Moreover, recent advances in high-resolution vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging, which are promising tools to discriminate between stable and unstable IAs, will be described. Common data elements recently defined to improve IA disease knowledge and disease management will be presented. Finally, recent findings in genetics will be introduced and future directions in the field of IA will be exposed.
Glycosphingolipid metabolism and its role in ageing and Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Wallom Kerri-Lee , Fernández-Suárez María E. , Priestman David A. , te Vruchte Danielle , Huebecker Mylene , Hallett Penelope J. , Isacson Ole , Platt Frances M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIt is well established that lysosomal glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA) variants are a risk factor for Parkinson’s disease (PD), with increasing evidence suggesting a loss of function mechanism. One question raised by this genetic association is whether variants of genes involved in other aspects of sphingolipid metabolism are also associated with PD. Recent studies in sporadic PD have identified variants in multiple genes linked to diseases of glycosphingolipid (GSL) metabolism to be associated with PD. GSL biosynthesis is a complex pathway involving the coordinated action of multiple enzymes in the Golgi apparatus. GSL catabolism takes place in the lysosome and is dependent on the action of multiple acid hydrolases specific for certain substrates and glycan linkages. The finding that variants in multiple GSL catabolic genes are over-represented in PD in a heterozygous state highlights the importance of GSLs in the healthy brain and how lipid imbalances and lysosomal dysfunction are associated with normal ageing and neurodegenerative diseases. In this article we will explore the link between lysosomal storage disorders and PD, the GSL changes seen in both normal ageing, lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) and PD and the mechanisms by which these changes can affect neurodegeneration.
Online convex combination of ranking models
Authors: Frigó Erzsébet , Kocsis Levente 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs a task of high importance for recommender systems, we consider the problem of learning the convex combination of ranking algorithms by online machine learning. First, we propose a stochastic optimization algorithm that uses finite differences. Our new algorithm achieves close to optimal empirical performance for two base rankers, while scaling well with an increased number of models. In our experiments with five real-world recommendation data sets, we show that the combination offers significant improvement over previously known stochastic optimization techniques. The proposed algorithm is the first effective stochastic optimization method for combining ranked recommendation lists by online machine learning. Secondly, we propose an exponentially weighted algorithm based on a grid over the space of combination weights. We show that the algorithm has near-optimal worst-case performance bound. The bound provides the first theoretical guarantee for non-convex bandits using limited number of evaluations under very general conditions.
Sulphate reduction determines the long-term effect of iron amendments on phosphorus retention in lake sediments
Authors: Heinrich Lena , Dietel Jan , Hupfer Michael 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This field study aimed to guide the planning of iron amendments for phosphorus retention by investigating the long-term fate of iron added to two urban lakes (Plötzensee and Groß Glienicker See) in Berlin, Germany. The contributions of iron dosing to improve lake status as well as the relevance of competing processes for management success were evaluated.

Methods
Sediment stratigraphy, as well as occurrence of iron minerals, and fluxes between water and sediment were examined using geochemical analyses (i.e. element composition, sequential extraction, X-ray diffraction, and pore water analyses). A one-box lake model was used to relate these fluxes to monitoring data from the water column and to sediment inventories.

Results
In both lakes, the added iron was preserved in the sediment. Whereas phosphorus retention increased following the addition of iron to Groß Glienicker See, sulphur was retained by the excess iron in Plötzensee. This contrasting effect is attributed to significantly different sulphate reduction rates in two lakes (Wilcoxon rank sum test: W = 25, p = 0.008). According to the one-box model, sulphate reduction explained both the decrease in measured sulphate concentrations after iron application as well as the observed increase in sulphur deposition in the sediments.

Conclusion
Management interventions involving iron amendments to enhance phosphorus retention must consider the competing process of iron sulphide formation during the entire management plan period, and additional iron may need to be applied to account for this effect.
Mind the (IT-)System – Ein Vorschlag zur Gestaltung einer IT Due Diligence von Versicherungsunternehmen
Authors: Wrede Dirk 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt den strukturellen Aufbau und Untersuchungsumfang einer eigenständigen Due Diligence der IT von Versicherungsunternehmen. Hierzu werden auf Basis einer umfassenden Aufarbeitung der akademischen als auch praxisorientierten Literatur die einzelnen Teilbereiche und Schwerpunktsetzungen bei der Untersuchung der Versicherungs-IT segmentiert sowie ein Ordnungsrahmen für den strukturellen Aufbau einer IT Due Diligence vorgestellt. Ebenfalls wird der idealtypische Ablauf des Analyseprozesses dargestellt und diskutiert, wie sich die Erkenntnisse einer Due Diligence der IT in der sich anschließenden Unternehmensbewertung und den Vertragsverhandlungen berücksichtigen lassen. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die Analyse der Versicherungs-IT im Rahmen einer Due Diligence-Prüfung organisatorische, technische und rechtliche Aspekte umfasst, welche in Form eigenständiger Analysefelder strukturiert werden. Die mit der Informationsverarbeitung des zu akquirierenden Unternehmens in Zusammenhang stehenden Chancen- und Risikoaspekte lassen sich entweder als IT-Integrationskosten und Synergien bei der Unternehmenswertermittlung berücksichtigen oder durch die Ausarbeitung umfangreicher Garantie- und Haftungsvereinbarungen absichern.
How to use Google street view for a time-lapse data collection methodology: potential uses for retailing
Authors: Uribe-Toril Juan , Ruiz-Real José Luis , Galindo Durán Alejandro , De Pablo Valenciano Jaime 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFinding the optimal location is a relevant strategic decision for retailers. The classic theories of retail location offer complementary perspectives, and later models include new variables, although they present methodological problems, these methodologies are static in time. Google Street View (GSV) allows extending the analysis of predictive models to different fields by a time-lapse collection data offering new opportunities to research and providing dynamic information. The development of a customized methodology, incorporating the time-lapse technique for practical applications, is the main contribution of this research, since there is almost no research on this topic.
A direct method to detect and localise damage using longitudinal data of ends-of-span rotations under live traffic loading
Authors: Ferguson Alan J. , Hester David , Woods Roger 
Published: November 2021

AbstractExisting work on rotation-based bridge monitoring has focused on indirect methods, such as bridge weigh-in-motion or influence line approaches. However, these approaches require increased instrumentation complexity, and require calibration, necessitating bridge closures. In this paper, we explore the potential of using rotation measurements to create a more practical and cost-effective monitoring system. To this end, we present a damage detection method which directly analyses bridge rotation data measured under live, free-flow traffic loading. We show how the Earth Mover’s Distance, typically used in statistics and image processing, can be applied directly on end-of-span rotation measurement data to achieve effective damage detection and localisation. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the approach’s robustness to the confounding effects of temperature variation and traffic diversity (vehicle type, loading, and velocity). The direct rotation measurement approach is applied to data from an in-service short-span bridge to demonstrate the technique’s capability with free-flow traffic loading.
Auxetic Expansion of the Tunica Albuginea for Penile Length and Girth Restoration Without a Graft: A Translational Study
Authors: Miranda Alexandre 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Several conditions can cause penile length and girth loss. Surgical techniques have been used to restore these penile alterations in patients with severe erectile dysfunction during penile prosthesis implantation. One technique uses multiple small incisions in a mesh pattern (similar to a skin mesh) with satisfactory curvature correction without using a graft, however, this technique does not allow simultaneous increase in penile length and girth.

Aim
To identify a new surgical technique that increases both the length and girth at the same place on the corpora cavernosa (CC), allowing a simultaneously longitudinal and transverse increase of the tunica albuginea.

Methods
A sheet with a star-shaped perforation was created using a mathematical model to allow a longitudinal and transversal increase in the material. Two previously published penile model simulators, with and without deformity, were used to test the mechanical modification of this incision pattern in the CC.

Main Outcome Measure
The effect of the incisions pattern on the geometry of the CC simulator.

Results
The star-shaped incision (auxetic) simultaneously increased the length, girth, and volume of the CC simulator. This auxetic technique could correct any penile deformity, re-establishing the original penile anatomy. The new auxetic incision is only a conceptual and experimental technique awaiting clinical evidence.

Conclusion
The data presented here show that the auxetic technique successfully increases both the length and girth at the same place on the CC simulators, opening a new potential solution to correct challenging cases of complex penile deformities and to restore volume loss.
Plication for Correction of Congenital Penile Curvature: With or Without Degloving?
Authors: Kusin Samuel B. , Khouri Roger K. , Dropkin Benjamin M. , Dietrich Peter N. , Ward Ellen E. , Baumgarten Adam S. , Kansal Jagan K. , Guise Amy I. , Morey Allen F. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionPreviously, incisionless plication (IP) for correction of congenital penile curvature (CPC) has been performed after penile degloving via a circumscribing incision.AimTo describe our experience with non-degloving incisionless penile plication (NDIP) for correction of CPC and compare these outcomes with those of men who underwent degloving incisionless penile plication (DIP).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of men ≤ 45 years of age who underwent incisionless penile plication for correction of CPC between 2008 and 2020 at two adult tertiary hospitals. Patients underwent either NDIP, performed through a 2-3 cm longitudinal incision along the proximal-to-mid shaft opposite the point of maximum penile curvature, or DIP via a sub-coronal circumscribing incision.Main Outcome MeasuresSurgical and patient-reported outcomes were compared between the non-degloving and degloving groups.ResultsAmong the 38 men (mean age, 26 years) who met the inclusion criteria, 25 underwent NDIP, including 6 patients with biplanar curvature (2 Ventral, 4 Dorsal, 6 Lateral). Thirteen patients underwent DIP, including 1 patient with biplanar curvature (1 ventral, 1 lateral). Curvature reduction was 50 ± 23 degrees for the NDIP group and 36 ± 10 degrees for the DIP group (P = .04). Five (20%) patients in the NDIP group and nine (69%) patients in the DIP group experienced a reduction in stretched penile length following plication (SPL) (P = .01). One patient in the NDIP group underwent an additional plication for recurrent curvature.ConclusionBoth NDIP and DIP are safe and highly efficacious techniques for the correction of CPC.
How Fault Rocks Form and Evolve in the Shallow San Andreas Fault
Authors: Williams Randolph T. , Rowe Christie D. , Okamoto Kristina , Savage Heather M. , Eves Erin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe document the mechanical and geochemical processes of fault rock development in the shallow San Andreas fault (Mojave segment), and quantify their importance in shaping the mineralogy, grain size, fabric, and frictional characteristics of gouge. Through a combination of field and laboratory analysis of an extensive suite of shallow (<150 m) drill cores, we show that fault rocks evolved from a granodiorite protolith via three main processes: distributed microfracturing/pulverization; cataclastic flow and incipient fabric development; and production of authigenic illite/smectite during fluid‐rock interaction. The interdependence of these mechanical and geochemical processes results in a diverse suite of fault rocks, and causes significant changes in frictional strength. Spatial variations in the effects of these mechanisms, as manifested in fault‐rock mineralogy and geochemistry, indicate marked variations in their relative contribution to fault‐rock evolution. These data reveal a complex San Andreas fault with multiple principal slip zones and damaged and altered rock hosting numerous interconnected secondary slip surfaces. The resulting picture of the San Andreas Fault zone suggests a substantial departure from the simple structures envisioned for near‐surface seismogenenic faults in numerical models is required, and may inform future efforts to forecast peak ground accelerations during southern California earthquakes.
Olivine Dissolution in Simulated Lung and Gastric Fluid as an Analog to the Behavior of Lunar Particulate Matter Inside the Human Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Systems
Authors: Hendrix Donald A. , Hurowitz Joel A. , Glotch Timothy D. , Schoonen Martin A. A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWith the Artemis III mission scheduled to land humans on the Moon in 2025, work must be done to understand the hazards lunar dust inhalation would pose to humans. In this study, San Carlos olivine was used as an analog of lunar olivine, a common component of lunar dust. Olivine was dissolved in a flow‐through apparatus in both simulated lung fluid and 0.1 M HCl (simulated gastric fluid) over a period of approximately 2 weeks at physiological temperature, 37°C. Effluent samples were collected periodically and analyzed for pH, iron, silicon, and magnesium ion concentrations. The dissolution rate data derived from our measurements allow us to estimate that an inhaled 1.0 μm diameter olivine particle would take approximately 24 years to dissolve in the human lungs and approximately 3 weeks to dissolve in gastric fluid. Results revealed that inhaled olivine particles may generate the toxic chemical, hydroxyl radical, for up to 5–6 days in lung fluid. Olivine dissolved in 0.1 M HCl for 2 weeks transformed to an amorphous silica‐rich solid plus the ferric iron oxy‐hydroxide ferrihydrite. Olivine dissolved in simulated lung fluid shows no detectable change in composition or crystallinity. Equilibrium thermodynamic models indicate that olivine in the human lungs can precipitate secondary minerals with fibrous crystal structures that have the potential to induce detrimental health effects similar to asbestos exposure. Our work indicates that inhaled lunar dust containing olivine can settle in the human lungs for years and could induce long‐term potential health effects like that of silicosis.
Temperature‐Dependence of the Clear‐Sky Feedback in Radiative‐Convective Equilibrium
Authors: Kluft Lukas , Dacie Sally , Brath Manfred , Buehler Stefan A. , Stevens Bjorn 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe quantify the temperature‐dependence of the clear‐sky climate sensitivity in a one‐dimensional radiative‐convective equilibrium model. The atmosphere is adjusted to fixed surface temperatures between 280 and 330 K while preserving other boundary conditions in particular the relative humidity and the CO2 concentration. We show that an out‐of‐bounds usage of the radiation scheme rapid radiative transfer model for GCMs (RRTMG) can lead to an erroneous decrease of the feedback parameter and an associated “bump” in climate sensitivity as found in other modeling studies. Using a line‐by‐line radiative transfer model, we find no evidence for a strengthening of the longwave radiative feedback for surface temperatures between 305 and 320 K. However, the line‐by‐line simulations also show a slight decrease in climate sensitivity when surface temperatures exceed 310 K. This decrease is caused by water‐vapor masking the radiative forcing at the flanks of the CO2 absorption band, which reduces the total radiative forcing by about 18%.
A New Technique to Diagnose the Geomagnetic Field Based on a Single Circular Current Loop Model
Authors: Rong Z. J. , Wei Y. , Klinger Lucy , Yamauchi M. , Xu W. Y. , Kong D. L. , Cui J. , Shen C. , Yang Y. Y. , Zhu R. X. , Zhong J. , Chai L. H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe geomagnetic field originates from interior dynamo currents and can be approximated well by a simple dipolar field in the vicinity of Earth's surface. Given that the dipolar field is induced by a current loop, it is possible to invert the loop parameters by tracing the sampled magnetic field geometry. Drawing on the analysis of field geometric structure with sampled field dataset, we develop, in this study, a new technique to invert the interior current source, which is based on a single circular current loop model. Unlike previous studies, this technique has the ability to separate and solve the optimal loop parameters successively, including the location of the loop center, the loop axis, the radius, and the carried electric current. Applications to the International Geomagnetic Reference Field and the sampled magnetic field dataset by the spacecraft of the Swarm mission demonstrate that our technique‐derived loop center, loop axis, and magnetic moment are consistent with previous estimations by the eccentric dipole model, which shows the reasonability and effectiveness of this technique. Moreover, our technique can be reduced to fit an eccentric dipole model and is particularly useful for inversions of the geometry of interior current sources. Thus, it could be applied widely in the fields of planetary magnetism and palaeomagnetism. Further applications and constraints are discussed, with some cautions given.