bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systems-based Strategies Improve Positive Screening Fecal Immunochemical Testing Follow-up and Reduce Time to Diagnostic Colonoscopy
Authors: Sadowski Brett W , Bush Allison M , Humes Ross , Cullen Priscilla , Hopkins Ida , Chen Yen-Ju , McCarthy John , Tritsch Adam M , Laczek Jeffrey T 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) is the most commonly used colorectal cancer (CRC) screening tool worldwide and accounts for 10% of all CRC screening in the United States. Potential vulnerabilities for patients enrolled to facilities within the military health system have recently come to light requiring reassessment of best practices. We studied the impact of a process improvement initiative designed to improve the safety and quality of care for patients after a positive screening FIT given previously published reports of poor organization performance.

Methods
During a time of increased utilization of nonendoscopic means of screening, we assessed rates of colonoscopy completion and time to colonoscopy after positive FIT after a multi-faceted process improvement initiative was implemented, compared against an institutional control period. The interventions included mandatory indication labeling at the time of order entry, as well as utilization of subspecialty nurse navigators to facilitate rapid follow-up even the absence of a referral from primary care.

Results
Preintervention, 34.8% of patients did not have appropriate follow-up of a positive FIT. Those that did had a variable and prolonged wait time of 140.1 ± 115.9 days. Postintervention, a standardized order mandating test indication labeling allowed for proactive gastroenterology involvement. Colonoscopy follow-up rate increased to 91.9% with an average interval of 21.9 ± 12.3 days.

Conclusion
The addition of indication labels and patient navigation after positive screening FIT was associated with 57.1% absolute increase in timely diagnostic colonoscopy. Similar highly reliable systems-based solutions should be adopted for CRC screening, and further implementation for other preventative screening interventions should be pursued.
Magnetic field geometry and magnetospheric environment of the strongly magnetic Of?p star NGC 1624-2
Authors: Järvinen S P , Hubrig S , Schöller M , Küker M , Ilyin I , Chojnowski S D 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
NGC 1624-2 is an O7f?p star with a reported probable polar magnetic field strength ≥20 kG, which is the strongest magnetic field ever measured in an O-type star. We study the variability of the mean longitudinal magnetic field 〈Bz〉 and the mean field modulus 〈B〉 to obtain constraints on its field geometry. Only one magnetic pole is observable over the rotation cycle. The approximately sinusoidal variation of 〈Bz〉 and the ratio of the values of the extrema of 〈B〉 indicate that there is an important component of the field that is dipolar. The 〈Bz〉 values measured over the rotation cycle are in the range from −0.2 to 4.5 kG, whereas the values for 〈B〉 vary between 9 and 12 kG. The 〈Bz〉 values obtained using the O iii λ7455 emission line are in the range from 0.4 to 2.3 kG and show a variability pattern similar to that detected for the absorption lines. The fact that the phase of the 〈Bz〉 minimum coincides with the phase of the 〈B〉 maximum, indicates that the field structure must significantly depart from a centred dipole. Further, we discuss the nature of the observed variable Stokes V profiles corresponding to a longitudinal field of negative polarity detected in the emission He i lines and present the first magnetohydrodynamical numerical simulations of the gas flow in the magnetosphere of this star.
Mapping the tilt of the Milky Way bulge velocity ellipsoids with ARGOS and Gaia DR2
Authors: Simion Iulia T , Shen Juntai , Koposov Sergey E , Ness Melissa , Freeman Kenneth , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Lewis Geraint F 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Until the recent advent of Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) and deep multi-object spectroscopy, it has been difficult to obtain 6D phase space information for large numbers of stars beyond 4 kpc, in particular towards the Galactic Centre, where dust and crowding are significant. We combine line-of-sight velocities from the Abundances and Radial velocity Galactic Origins Survey (ARGOS) with proper motions from Gaia DR2 to obtain a sample of ∼7000 red clump stars with 3D velocities. We perform a large-scale stellar kinematics study of the Milky Way bulge to characterize the bulge velocity ellipsoids in 20 fields. The tilt of the major-axis of the velocity ellipsoid in the radial-longitudinal velocity plane, or vertex deviation, is characteristic of non-axisymmetric systems and a significant tilt is a robust indicator of non-axisymmetry or bar presence. We compare the observations to the predicted kinematics of an N-body boxy-bulge model formed from dynamical instabilities. In the model, the lv values are strongly correlated with the angle (α) between the bulge major-axis and the Sun-Galactic centre line of sight. We use a maximum likelihood method to obtain an independent measurement of α, from bulge stellar kinematics alone, performing a robust error analysis. The most likely value of α given our model is α = (29 ± 3)○, with an additional systematic uncertainty due to comparison with one specific model. In Baade’s window, the metal-rich stars display a larger vertex deviation (lv = −40○) than the metal-poor stars (lv = 10○) but we do not detect significant lv−metallicity trends in the other fields.
Analysis of galaxy kinematics based on Cepheids from the Gaia DR2 Catalogue
Authors: Bobylev V V , Bajkova A T , Rastorguev A S , Zabolotskikh M V 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
To construct the rotation curve of the Galaxy, classical Cepheids with proper motions, parallaxes and line-of-sight velocities from the Gaia DR2 Catalogue are used in large part. Our working sample formed from literature data contains about 800 Cepheids with estimates of their age. We determined that the linear rotation velocity of the Galaxy at the solar distance is V0 = 240 ± 3 km s−1. In this case, the distance from the Sun to the axis of rotation of the Galaxy is found to be R0 = 8.27 ± 0.10 kpc. A spectral analysis of radial and residual tangential velocities of Cepheids younger than 120 Myr showed close estimates of the parameters of the spiral density wave obtained from data both at the present time and in the past. Therefore, the value of the wavelength λR, θ is in the range [2.4–3.0] kpc, the pitch angle iR, θ is in the range [−13○, −10○] for a four-arm pattern model, and the amplitudes of the radial and tangential perturbations are fR ∼ 12 km s−1 and fθ ∼ 9 km s−1, respectively. Velocities of Cepheids older than 120 Myr currently give a wavelength λR, θ ∼ 5 kpc. This value differs significantly from the one we obtained from samples of young Cepheids. An analysis of the positions and velocities of old Cepheids, calculated by integrating their orbits backward in time, made it possible to determine significantly more reliable values of the parameters of the spiral density wave: wavelength λR, θ = 2.7 kpc and amplitudes of radial and tangential perturbations fR = 7.9 km s−1 and fθ = 5 km s−1, respectively.
The effects of drift and winds on the propagation of Galactic cosmic rays
Authors: AL-Zetoun A , Achterberg A 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
We study the effects of drift motions and the advection by a Galactic wind on the propagation of cosmic rays in the Galaxy. We employ a simplified magnetic field model, based on (and similar to) the Jansson–Farrar model for the Galactic magnetic field. Diffusion is allowed to be anisotropic. The relevant equations are solved numerically, using a set of stochastic differential equations. Inclusion of drift and a Galactic wind significantly shortens the residence time of cosmic rays, even for moderate wind speeds.
Phylogenomics of the Maverick Virus-Like Mobile Genetic Elements of Vertebrates
Authors: Barreat Jose Gabriel Nino , Katzourakis Aris 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Mavericks are virus-like mobile genetic elements found in the genomes of eukaryotes. Although Mavericks encode capsid morphogenesis homologs, their viral particles have not been observed. Here, we provide new evidence supporting the viral nature of Mavericks and the potential existence of virions. To this end, we conducted a phylogenomic analysis of Mavericks in hundreds of vertebrate genomes, discovering 134 elements with an intact coding capacity in 17 host species. We reveal an extensive genomic fossil record in 143 species and date three groups of elements to the Late Cretaceous. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis using genomic fossil orthologs suggests that Mavericks have infected osteichthyans for ∼419 My. They have undergone frequent cross-species transmissions in cyprinid fish and all core genes are subject to strong purifying selection. We conclude that vertebrate Mavericks form an ancient lineage of aquatic dsDNA viruses which are probably still functional in some vertebrate lineages.
Arjun Appadurai
Authors: Hancock Mary , Weigler Elizabeth 
Published: January 2021

Arjun Appadurai (b. 1949), currently Goddard Professor of Media, Culture, and Communication at New York University, is an interdisciplinary scholar whose work draws on the methods and theories of anthropology, history, political economy, and cultural studies. His scholarship, while originally rooted in area studies of South Asia, encompasses programmatic work aimed at formulating conceptual rubrics and questions to guide comparative and critical cultural studies of globalization, development, politics, and economy. He writes for audiences of scholars, creative practitioners, and activists, and for a broader public. A central intervention has been his framing of globalization in ways that privilege the work of imagination and futurity in its constituent processes and institutions; to this end, he has emphasized the mobility of ideas, images, finance, and persons and the durable domains of translocal interaction (e.g., ethnoscapes, finanscapes) that such mobility produces, while downplaying the territorial and cultural fixity of nation-states and localities. A signature rubric, “public culture,” advanced in his own work and especially in the journal of that name, co-founded and co-edited with his late wife, Carol Breckenridge, captures the malleable, contested, and multiply mediated notion of culture that underlies this understanding of globalization. This conception of culture is also meant to signal how hope and aspiration may be articulated with everyday worlds of meaning and action. Over the past four decades, his published work has encompassed books and edited collections, journal articles, chapters, and commentaries. Much of that work has derived from collaborative projects involving both original research and editorial activities, several associated with the journal, Public Culture, and with the Cultures of Finance Working Group, based at New York University. Appadurai also co-founded, with Carol Breckenridge, PUKAR (Partners for Urban Knowledge, Action, and Research), a Mumbai-based research collective that works with urban Indian communities who are grappling with local impacts of urbanization and globalization. Appadurai’s ideas about culture, globalization, development, commodification, identity politics, and postcolonialism have influenced scholarship in many fields, from his own core disciplines to media and communications studies, postcolonial studies, architecture, urban studies, and political theory.
John Hardyng
Authors: Peverley Sarah 
Published: January 2021

The English chronicler John Hardyng (b. 1378–d. c. 1465) had a colorful career before settling down to write his two versions of British history in the 1450s and 1460s. Born in Northumberland, he served in the household of Sir Henry Percy (b. 1364–d. 1403) from the age of twelve, where he learnt the art of warfare and fought in numerous battles, including the Battle of Shrewsbury (1403). Later, he served Sir Robert Umfraville, fighting alongside him in Scotland and in the first years of Henry V’s French campaign (1415–1416). In 1418 Henry V sent Hardyng to Scotland to survey the topography of the realm and seek out evidence of English overlordship. Promised a substantial gift for his espionage, Hardyng returned after three and a half years, but Henry V’s untimely death deprived him of his prize. He remained unrewarded until the 1440s, when Henry VI honored the late king’s promise and granted Hardyng an annuity. By this time Hardyng’s patron, Sir Robert, was dead and Hardyng had taken up residence in the Augustinian Priory at Kyme, Lincolnshire. It was here that he began writing his first account of British history in Middle English verse. Surviving in a single manuscript, which was presented to Henry VI and his family in 1457 along with a map of Scotland and several of the Scottish documents recovered for Henry V, Hardyng’s Chronicle draws primarily on Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Historia Regum Britanniae, Robert Mannyng’s Chronicle, and a Latin Prose Brut to give an account of British and English affairs from the mythical founding of Britain by Brutus to 1437. Using the historical issue of English hegemony over Scotland as an ideological touchstone to unite divided Englishmen, the Chronicle sought to promote unity amidst the social, economic, and political instability that precipitated the Wars of the Roses. Within a few years of presenting the work and receiving another reward for his service, Hardyng began revising the text for Henry VI’s political rival, Richard, duke of York. The second Chronicle rewrote history to explain York’s superior claim to the throne, but it retained Hardyng’s call for unity among Englishmen and continued to use the issue of Scottish independence as a means of rallying his peers against a common foreign enemy. When the duke of York died in December 1460, Hardyng continued revising his text for York’s son, Edward IV, who took the throne from Henry VI in March 1461. Though Hardyng died before completing his revised narrative, numerous copies of the near-complete chronicle circulated in and around London in the 1460s and 1470s, helping to explain the Yorkist pedigree. It was the second version of the Chronicle that influenced Sir Thomas Malory’s Morte Darthur and which was later taken up by the Tudor printer Richard Grafton, who issued two prints in 1543 because of its relevance to the Anglo-Scottish wars in his own time. Grafton’s prints ensured the popularity of the Chronicle among Tudor historiographers and its influence on later writers, such as Shakespeare, Spenser, and Milton.
Electronic referrals to the tobacco Quitline: implementation strategies in a large health system to optimize delivery of tobacco cessation to patients
Authors: Khanna Niharika , Klyushnenkova Elena , Rao Vibha , Siegel Neil , Wolfe Sara 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Electronic referrals provide an efficient solution for clinicians to connect patients to free tobacco cessation services, such as the tobacco Quitline. However, strategic planning is necessary for the successful adoption of this method across the health care system. The purpose of this study was to develop an implementation strategy for electronic referrals to the tobacco Quitline in a large health system. A clinical decision support tool created a closed-loop e-referral pathway between the electronic health record system and the Quitline. Multilevel strategies were developed to implement the e-referral process across the entire health system, including leadership buy-in, Epic tip sheets, newsletters, training for practice champions and staff, physician educator, patient-focused advertisements, and video clips distribution by the Maryland Department of Health Center for Tobacco Prevention and Control. The implementation of a system-wide e-referral pathway for tobacco cessation involved continuous clinician education and training, systematic quality control, and engaging “champion” clinicians. Postimplementation data analysis revealed that 1,790 e-referrals were received by the Quitline in 2018–2019, of which 18% accepted follow-up services, 18% declined, and 64% were not reached after multiple attempts. Among 322 patients who accepted Quitline services, 55% requested nicotine replacement therapy. Overall, 282 clinicians referred patients, including 107 primary care physicians and 175 specialists; 62 clinicians e-referred 72% patients, thereby emerging as “tobacco champions.” The e-referral process is an efficient method for tobacco users to receive a cessation referral from clinicians. Sustainability can be achieved through leadership buy-in, physician ease of use, patient motivation, information technology supports, and reminders.
Feasibility of an mHealth self-management intervention for children and adolescents with sickle cell disease and their families
Authors: Phillips Shannon , Kanter Julie , Mueller Martina , Gulledge Amy , Ruggiero Kenneth , Johnson Mary , Kelechi Teresa J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited hemoglobinopathy that leads to blood vessel occlusion and multiorgan complications, including pain, that may be experienced daily. Symptom management often begins at home, and tools are needed to support self-management strategies that can be implemented by children with SCD and families. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of the mHealth self-management intervention (application) Voice Crisis Alert V2 for children with SCD and families. Feasibility assessment was guided by the Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance framework. Data were collected with 60 dyads (children with SCD/caregivers) at four time points. Self-management data were collected via application use, and postintervention interviews were conducted. Analyses included descriptive statistics and constant comparison with directed content analysis. Recruitment was completed in 28 weeks, with 82% retention at end-of-intervention. Mobile Application Rating Scale scores and interview data indicated high satisfaction. From baseline to mid-intervention, 94% of dyads used the application (75% of total use); 45% used the application from mid-intervention to the end-of-intervention. Dyads made 2,384 actions in the application; the most commonly used features were recording health history and recording and tracking symptoms. Few reported issues with the application; most issues occurred early in the study and were corrected. After the intervention period was completed, 37% continued to use the application. Feasibility was confirmed by meeting recruitment and retention goals, high adoption of the application, and high reported satisfaction with the application. Challenges with sustained use were encountered, and areas for improvement were identified.
Physical distancing ≠ physical inactivity
Authors: Meyer Stefanie M , Landry Matthew J , Gustat Jeanette , Lemon Stephenie C , Webster Collin A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
During this time of global health crisis, physical distancing, along with mask wearing, has emerged as the sine qua non social practice to protect ourselves and others from COVID-19. But as physical distancing ensues and all eyes remain fixed on the novel coronavirus, another, albeit careworn, pandemic rages on. Physical inactivity, the world’s fourth leading cause of death, may indeed be exacerbated by physical distancing measures, such as sheltering at home and closing or limiting access to recreation and exercise facilities. The purpose of this paper is to urge public health and medical professionals not to forget the importance of physical activity to whole-person health, recognize the importance of physical activity as a potential COVID-19 mitigation strategy and to serve as advocates for promoting active lifestyles. It is imperative that the national call for physical distancing not be interpreted as a call for physical inactivity.
Behavioral Deficits in Mice with Postnatal Disruption ofNdel1in Forebrain Excitatory Neurons: Implications for Epilepsy and Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Authors: Gavrilovici Cezar , Jiang Yulan , Kiroski Ivana , Sterley Toni-Lee , Vandal Milene , Bains Jaideep , Park Sang Ki , Rho Jong M , Teskey G Campbell , Nguyen Minh Dang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDysfunction of nuclear distribution element-like 1 (Ndel1) is associated with schizophrenia, a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by cognitive impairment and with seizures as comorbidity. The levels of Ndel1 are also altered in human and models with epilepsy, a chronic condition whose hallmark feature is the occurrence of spontaneous recurrent seizures and is typically associated with comorbid conditions including learning and memory deficits, anxiety, and depression. In this study, we analyzed the behaviors of mice postnatally deficient for Ndel1 in forebrain excitatory neurons (Ndel1 CKO) that exhibit spatial learning and memory deficits, seizures, and shortened lifespan. Ndel1 CKO mice underperformed in species-specific tasks, that is, the nest building, open field, Y maze, forced swim, and dry cylinder tasks. We surveyed the expression and/or activity of a dozen molecules related to Ndel1 functions and found changes that may contribute to the abnormal behaviors. Finally, we tested the impact of Reelin glycoprotein that shows protective effects in the hippocampus of Ndel1 CKO, on the performance of the mutant animals in the nest building task. Our study highlights the importance of Ndel1 in the manifestation of species-specific animal behaviors that may be relevant to our understanding of the clinical conditions shared between neuropsychiatric disorders and epilepsy.
Chlorogenic acid abates oxido-inflammatory and apoptotic responses in the liver and kidney of Tamoxifen-treated rats
Authors: E Owumi Solomon , K Olusola Joseph , O Arunsi Uche , K Oyelere Adegboyega 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPlant-derived phenolics are utilized as chemopreventive agents to abate adverse toxic responses associated with drug-induced damages. Tamoxifen (TAM)—a chemotherapeutic agent—is used in managing all stages of hormone-dependent breast cancer. Notwithstanding TAM’s clinical side effect—including hepatic toxicity—its use is commonplace. The present study investigates the effect of Chlorogenic acid (CGA: 25 and 50 mg kg−1; per os (p.o)) reported to exhibit various beneficial properties, including antioxidative effect against TAM (50 mg/kg; p.o.)-induced hepatorenal toxicities in rats treated as follows: Control, CGA, or TAM alone, and rats co-treated with CGA and TAM for 2 weeks. Biomarkers of hepatorenal function, oxido-inflammatory stress, and hepatorenal histopathology were performed. We observed that TAM alone decreased relative organ weights (ROW), marginally impacted rat’s survivability, and significantly (P &lt; 0.05) increased hepatorenal toxicities and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). TAM decreased (P &lt; 0.05) antioxidant, anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10), besides increase in (P &lt; 0.05) lipid peroxidation (LPO), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO), xanthine oxidase (XO), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and apoptotic caspases (Casp-3 and -9) levels. These biochemical alterations were accompanied by morphological lesions in experimental rats’ liver and kidney. Conversely, that CGA dose-dependently relieved TAM-mediated toxic responses, restored antioxidants capacities, reduced oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, and Casp-3 and -9 activities in experimental rats. Furthermore, CGA protected against lesions observed in the liver and kidney of rats treated with TAM alone. Overall, CGA blocked TAM-mediated hepatorenal injuries associated with pro-oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic mechanisms. CGA may serve as a chemoprotective agent boosting patients prognosis undergoing TAM chemotherapy.