bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Upside-Down Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Bardan Ahmed Shalaby , Goweida Mohamed B , El Goweini Hesham F , Liu Christopher SC 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To present the management of upside-down Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) following combined phacoemulsification with DMEK (phaco-DMEK) in cases of Fuchs endothelial dystrophy (FED).

Methods:
This is a comparative interventional case series extracted from a prospective interventional case series (clinical outcome of DMEK combined with phacoemulsification for FED). We report five cases of upside-down DMEK. Two cases of upside-down DMEK were managed with re-orientation and the other two with repeat DMEK. The 5th case underwent an initial re-orientation and then a subsequent repeat graft. Graft re-orientation and repeat surgery were performed 9–20 days after initial phaco-DMEK. All the five cases were followed up over a 6-month period, and the following outcomes were assessed: best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity (CS), central corneal thickness, endothelial cell density (ECD), and central macular thickness.

Results:
At the final 6-month postoperative follow-up, all the five cases achieved good outcomes in terms of BCVA and CS. Overall, the results were comparable to 32 control cases. One case of re-orientation and the case of re-orientation with subsequent repeat DMEK performed slightly less well than control cases in terms of postoperative ECD.

Conclusions:
Re-orientation of the original DMEK scroll in cases of upside-down DMEK can be a safe and cost-effective alternative to repeat DMEK. If re-orientation does not result in corneal deturgescence, a repeat DMEK may be done subsequently.
A Drop in Hemoglobin as An Association with Pegylated Interferon Retinopathy
Authors: Berkenstock Meghan , Patel Shaivi , Ackert Jessica 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To describe the association of change in the baseline hemoglobin levels with the development of interferon (INF) retinopathy after the start of pegylated INF (PEG INF) and ribavirin for hepatitis C virus treatment.

Methods:
This was a retrospective chart review conducted on 12 patients on PEG INF and ribavirin with baseline examination and follow-up during the treatment regimen: 6 developed INF-induced retinopathy and 6 patients were without retinopathy. Serial hemoglobin values for both the groups were recorded at the time of the retinopathy diagnosis in affected patients and the nadir in those without retinopathy. The total percent reduction of hemoglobin was calculated for both the groups.

Results:
Hemoglobin concentration levels between control and INF retinopathy patients tended to be slightly lower in the group that developed retinopathy. There was no threshold hemoglobin concentration under which the rate of developing retinopathy significantly increased. Greater than 25% drop in hemoglobin conferred a statistically significant risk in the development of INF-associated retinopathy.

Conclusion:
Patients starting PEG INF and ribavirin require baseline testing and subsequent follow-up based on the rapidity of the decrease in hemoglobin levels to identify the development of retinopathy with treatment.
The Effect of Topical Bromfenac on Intraretinal and Subretinal Fluid in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Abdolrahimzadeh Solmaz , Fameli Valeria , Tizio Federico Di , Staso Federico Di , Fenicia Vito , Scuderi Gianluca 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To report the effect of topical bromfenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), in a case of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods:
An 85-year-old woman presented with a complaint of visual acuity reduction in the right eye. Comprehensive ophthalmological examination and retinal imaging were performed.

Results:
Best corrected visual acuity was 2/100. Fundus examination showed reticular pseudodrusen and a small hemorrhage in the fovea. Fluorescein angiography showed an active neovascular membrane. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) confirmed diagnosis and revealed subretinal and intraretinal fluid. The patient refused recommended intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment and received topical bromfenac 0.09% twice daily. Follow-up with SD-OCT showed subretinal followed by intraretinal fluid reduction at 16 weeks after treatment.

Conclusion:
Short-term reduction of subretinal and intraretinal fluid was observed with topical bromfenac monotherapy in neovascular AMD.
Presumed Intraocular Lymphoma Masquerading as Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Riazi-Esfahani Hamid , Hassanpoor Narges , Ghassemi Fariba , Zarei Mohammad 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To describe a case of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) that initially presented and managed as dry type age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods:
A 69-year-old male was referred to us by decreased vision.

Results:
On funduscopy, a few small hard drusen at the posterior pole of the right eye and many large confluent drusen in the left eye were observed. Optical coherence tomography findings included the hyperreflective drusenoid materials in the subretinal pigment epithelium (sub- RPE) space which was similar to previous imaging records except for decreased area and height of pigment epithelial detachments and RPE and ellipsoid zone attenuation in some areas appeared. The thickness of the retina was normal, but the choroid appeared to be slightly decreased compared to the left eye. Patient has been followed up with the diagnosis of AMD for 1 year. After the right hemiparesis presentation, he underwent craniotomy and biopsy that made the diagnosis evident.

Conclusion:
PVRL/primary central nervous system lymphoma may be one of the most important masquerades of AMD, but a significantly waxing and waning course may help to make correct diagnosis.
Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Shows Choriocapillaris Flow Reduction in Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome
Authors: Khochtali Sana , Dridi Tarek , Abroug Nesrine , Ksiaa Imen , Lupidi Marco , Khairallah Moncef 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To report two cases of typical multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS), in which swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) revealed transient areas of flow deficit at the level of the choriocapillaris.

Methods:
The SS-OCTA images of two female patients with typical MEWDS were analyzed at the onset of the disease and during follow-up.

Results:
The patients were aged 24 and 25 years, respectively. Previous medical history was unremarkable in both cases. The diagnosis of MEWDS was made on the basis of typical clinical findings and results of fundus autofluorescence, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography. At presentation, SS-OCTA showed a few small hypointense areas of flow deficit at the level of the choriocapillaris in both cases. During follow-up, SS-OCTA showed complete resolution of choriocapillaris flow voids.

Conclusion:
Both our patients with typical acute MEWDS showed SS-OCTA multifocal small areas of flow reduction at the level of the choriocapillaris, with full recovery during the follow-up. This finding supports the hypothesis of transient, primary, or secondary choriocapillaris hypoperfusion in typical MEWDS.
Characteristics and Recurrence of Primary Eyelid Basal Cell Carcinoma in Central Spain
Authors: Galindo-Ferreiro Alicia , Sanchez-Tocino Hortensia , Diez-Montero Cecilia , Belani-Raju Minal , Garcia-Sanz Raquel , Diego-Alonso Miguel , Llorente-Gonzalez Ines , Perez Patricia Callejo , Khandekar Rajiv , Schellini Silvana 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To define the incidence, characteristics, and management of eyelid basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in Central Spain.

Methods:
This retrospective study investigates the characteristics and the outcome of eyelid BCC from 2000 to 2016 in a central region of Spain. Data were collected on demographics, skin phenotype, location of the eyelid lesion, clinical and histological diagnosis, surgery, commitment of surgical margins, and recurrence rate.

Results:
Primary eyelid BCC occurred in a mean of 20.6 lesions a year or 9.4/100,000 inhabitants/year. The mean age of BCC carriers was 69.4 ± 16.2 years, with no gender difference (P = 0.479), predominantly affecting Fitzpatrick II–III skin (81.3%) (P < 0.001). The most common location was the inner canthus (154/45.7%) (P < 0.001) and type nodular (215 cases/63.8%) (P < 0.001). The surgical margins were affected in 69 (20.5%) individuals, and the recurrence rate was 5.6 (95% confidence interval, 3.2–8.3) significantly higher in affected margins (P < 0.001). The most common location for recurrence was the inner canthus (P = 0.003), and the most common histological type for recurrence was sclerosing (16.7%), then multinodular (12.5%), and infiltrating (10.4%) with no significant difference (P = 0.27).

Conclusions:
The frequency of occurrence of eyelid BCC is much less than the estimated crude incidence for skin tumors involving all areas of the body in the Spanish population. Eyelid BCC is more common in the seventh decade of life, with no predilection for gender. Nodular histological type is the most common. The recurrence rate is 5.6%, depending on site and affected margins, even though clear free margins also can present with recurrence.
The Short-Term Effects of Intravitreal Injection of Bevacizumab on the Plasma Levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1, and Growth Parameters in Infants with Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Sedaghat Ahad , Abdolalizadeh Parya , Parvaresh Mohammad Mehdi , Ghorbanizadeh Sajad , Mohagheghi Parisa , Aghdam Kaveh Abri 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To determine the changes in serum levels of free vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and growth parameters in infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) who received intravitreal injection of the bevacizumab (IVB).

Methods:
A prospective interventional case series study, including 10 infants with Type 1 ROP was conducted. Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, serum levels of VEGF and IGF-1 were measured before, 1 month and 2 months after treatment with IVB in both eyes. Growth parameters, including weight, length, and head circumference and their Fenton's z-score, were also measured.

Results:
Serum VEGF levels were suppressed 1 month after IVB (P = 0.007) and then increased between 1 and 2 months (P = 0.064). Z-scores of all growth parameters except weight z-score decreased in the 1st and 2nd months.

Conclusion:
Serum VEGF levels showed a transient reduction after IVB which lasted at least 2 months. Growth velocity of premature infants may be affected by anti-VEGF therapy and should be followed with particular attention.
The Surgical Outcomes of Limbal Allograft Transplantation in Eyes Having Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency
Authors: Ozer Muhammet Derda , Altınkurt Emre , Yilmaz Yusuf Cem , Gedik Ali Ceyhun , Alparslan Nilufer 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To report the limbal allograft transplantation and penetrating keratoplasty (PK) results in limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD)-developed eyes because of chemical or thermal injury.

Methods:
Medical records of 18 eyes of 14 patients who had undergone keratolimbal allograft (KLAL) or living-related conjunctival limbal allograft (lr-CLAL) with or without PK and followed up at least 1 year postoperatively were evaluated retrospectively. The preoperative LSCD grade was noted in all patients. Rejection incidents, recurrence of LSCD, and corneal graft clarity along with a visual improvement during the follow-up were noted. The complications rate due to surgery or injury itself, for instance, glaucoma and cataract, were evaluated. The limbal allograft tissue survival analysis and corneal allograft survival analysis were done to reveal the differences in both the procedures. The existence of normal corneal epithelium and improvement in visual acuity were accepted as the surgical success criteria.

Results:
In the limbal allograft transplantation group, the survival rates of the allograft tissue were 65 ± 10.7% at 1 year and 36.6 ± 11.4% at 3 years in lr-CLAL and 66.7 ± 15.7% at 12 months and 53.3 ± 17.3% at 18 months in KLAL-transplanted eyes. The survival rate of corneal allograft at the 5th postoperative year was lower in the simultaneous procedure compared to the staged procedure, but it was not statistically significant (25.7 ± 25.8% vs. 62.5 ± 17.1%, P = 0.75). The ambulatory vision was achieved in 10 eyes (56%) after a mean follow-up time of 93.8 ± 37.8 months. The visual acuity level has increased in 12 eyes (67%) in which the limbal allograft transplantation was applied. The ambulatory visual acuity level was achieved (≤1.0 logMar [20/200]) in 10 eyes (56%). In addition, two or more Snellen lines' gain in the best corrected visual acuity was observed in 12 eyes of 18 (67%) at the last follow-up, and there was not any significant difference between the KLAL and lr-CLAL.

Conclusions:
Ocular surface integrity was longer in KLAL than in lr-CLAL transplantation, but it was not statistically significant. The staged procedure was more convenient than the simultaneous procedure in terms of corneal allograft clarity maintenance in limbal allograft-employed eyes.
Surgical Outcomes of Retropupillary-Fixated Iris-Claw Intraocular Lens
Authors: Mansoori Tarannum , Gooty Agraharam Satish , Sannapuri Sravanthi , Manwani Sunny , Balakrishna Nagalla 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To assess the visual outcome and complications following retropupillary-fixated iris-claw intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.

Methods:
For this retrospective, non-comparative study, chart review of patients who underwent retropupillary iris-claw IOL implantation for the correction of aphakia from July 2014 to October 2018 and had a minimum postoperative follow-up of 2 months was carried out. Postoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and complications were noted.

Results:
One hundred and twenty-two eyes of 122 patients (mean follow-up: 7.48 ± 5.2 months, range, 2 months-3.5 years) were enrolled in the study. The mean logMAR CDVA improved from 1.36 ± 0.52 preoperatively to 0.5 ± 0.42 postoperatively, at the last follow-up visit (P < 0.0001). The final CDVA improved in 110 eyes (90.2%), remained unchanged in 8 eyes (6.6%), and worsened in 4 eyes (3.3%). In cases of pre-existing cystoid macular edema (CME) or excessive intraoperative manipulations, 0.05 ml of 4 mg intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) was injected at the end of the surgery. Twenty eyes (16.4%) had transient ocular hypertension (OHT), 6 eyes (4.9%) had persistent OHT, and 2 eyes (1.6%) progressed to glaucoma. Choroidal detachment was noted in 2 eyes (1.6%), CME in 6 eyes (4.9%), 2 eyes (1.6%) had retinal detachment, 20 eyes (16.4%) had significant ovalization of pupil, 8 eyes (6.6%) had one haptic disenclavation, 1 eye (0.8%) had corneal decompensation, and 1 eye (0.8%) had endophthalmitis.

Conclusions:
Retropupillary iris-claw IOL provides good visual rehabilitation with a few complications. Its ease of insertion and short surgical time makes it a good option to correct aphakia in patients with an inadequate capsular support.
Vision-Related Quality of Life after Corneal Transplantation
Authors: Amiri Fardin , Ghiyasvandian Shahrzad , Haghani Hamid 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To determine the vision-related quality of life (VR-QoL) and its dimensions in corneal transplant recipients.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was carried out on 100 patients who underwent penetrating keratoplasty. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire, satisfaction questionnaire, and Persian version of the 39-item National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ 39).

Results:
The composite score of VR-QoL in corneal transplant recipients was 54.39 ± 9.22 (32.9–71.01). The highest mean score among subscales was related to color vision (74.75 ± 27.63) and the lowest related to dependency (31.06 ± 31.02). The results showed that there is a reverse correlation between VR-QoL with both age (r = −0.364;P < 0.001) and the numbers of years after the transplantation (r = −0.362;P < 0.001). However, there was a correlation between satisfaction and VR-QoL (r = 0.679;P < 0.001). Furthermore, the results showed that there is a significant difference in VR-QoL between men and women (P < 0.001) and also a significant difference in VR-QoL between unilateral and bilateral graft recipients (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The corneal transplant has the highest impact on color vision and the lowest on dependency. Moreover, the results of this study provide a comprehensive picture for the state of vision and overall health status of patients for health-care providers to enhance the patient care.
Multimodal Imaging in Retinitis Pigmentosa
Authors: Falfoul Yousra , Elleuch Issam , El Matri Khaled , Ghali Hela , Hassairi Asma , Chebil Ahmed , Chaker Nibrass , El Matri Leila 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To analyze microvascular changes in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) with relatively preserved visual acuity (VA), using swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) angiography to correlate results to macular function and structure.

Methods:
This was a case–control study conducted over 70 eyes of 35 RP patients with relatively preserved VA. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmic examination, including SS-OCT, OCT angiography (OCT-A), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), and multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG). Thirty-four eyes of 34 healthy controls of age-, sex-, and axial length-matched (control group), were also analyzed. The main outcome measures were foveal and parafoveal vascular densities (FVDs and PFVDs) in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP), foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and its enlargement coefficient and their correlation with macular function (by means of VA and mfERG), and structure (by means of FAF and SS-OCT).

Results:
In the RP group, PFVD was 25.99 ± 5.2% in the SCP and 34.47 ± 2.37% in the DCP and were significantly lower as compared to control group (P < 0.0001; P = 0.0026, respectively). Enlargement coefficient of FAZ was 1.78 ± 0.79. We found a statistically significant correlation between VA and PFVD in the DCP (P < 0.0001), FAZ disruption in the SCP (P = 0.006) and enlargement coefficient of FAZ (P = 0.01). The parafoveal DCP density was significantly correlated with P1 amplitude (P = 0.005) in rings 2, 3, 4, and 5 of the mfERG. We found a statistically significant correlation between parafoveal density in the DCP, thickness of ganglion cell complex (GCC) (P = 0.001), and the width of ellipsoid band (P = 0.041). Parafoveal SCP density was also correlated to GCC (P = 0.033).

Conclusions:
We showed that vascular alteration in RP begins at the level of the DCP, which affects the outer retina and leads to a narrowing of the ellipsoid. The alteration of the SCP would occur later in the evolution of the disease. Vascular changes occur early during RP and were highly correlated to retinal function and structure. OCT-A seems to be a good tool to quantify vascular network loss and could play a central role in staging, prognosis, and monitoring disease progression.
Synthesis, characterization, structure determination from powder X-ray diffraction data, and biological activity of azo dye of 3-aminopyridine and its complexes of Ni(II) and Cu(II)
Authors: S. Mohammed H. 
Published: January 2021

In the present work azo dye ligand of 3-aminopyridine (L) and its complexes of NiII and CuII were synthesized, characterized and evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal activities in vitro. The L ligand was synthesized by reacting diazonium ion of 3-aminopyridine with 1-naphthole in presence of sodium acetate. The ligand (L) and its complexes were characterized by elemental analysis (CHN), magnetic susceptibility, molar conductivity, UV-Vis spectra, and infrared technique. The (L) azo dye exhibited high sensing for the pH changes. The color of L dye changed from red in basic medium to yellow color in acidic medium. The data of CHN, UV-Vis and magnetic susceptibility indicate that the complexes [Ni(L)2Cl2] and [Cu(L)2Cl2] are tetrahedral. The complexes of Ni(II) and Cu(II) exhibited potent activity against growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia Coli as well as against Penicillium Sp. And Aspergillus niger. Under visible irradiation (395 nm), the (L) azo dye of pyridine exhibited a significant change in the spectra under irradiation.

KEY WORDS: Pyridine, Photoisomerization, Pyridylazo, Biological activity, pH sensor

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2020, 34(3), 523-532.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v34i3.8
Pengembangan Watak Kristen Melalui Pengampunan
Authors: Siregar Jundo Parasian 
Published: January 2021

The character of forgiveness is the struggle of the lives of believers who must always be present in every believer's life. Forgiveness is the essence of the faithful, where forgiveness shows that Christians have truly felt and are grateful for the forgiveness given by God. True forgiveness changes the lives of believers and impacts themselves and others. This paper describes forgiveness as a basis or reference for believers in the development of life character.

Abstrak
Karakter pengampunan merupakan pergumulan hidup orang beriman yang senantiasa harus ada dalam setiap kehidupan orang percaya. Mengampuni adalah hakikat orang beriman, dimana pengampunan menunjukkan bahwa orang Kristen sudah benar-benar merasakan dan mensyukuri pengampunan yang diberikan oleh Allah. Pengampunan yang sejati mengubahkan kehidupan orang percaya dan memberi dampak bagi diri sendiri dan orang lain. Tulisan ini menguraikan pengampunan sebagai dasar atau acuan orang percaya dalam pengembangan watak atau karakter hidup.
Kunci Keberhasilan Seorang Anak Dalam Pemaparan Alkitab
Authors: Nainupu Astrid Maryam Yvonny , Emiyati Ayang 
Published: January 2021

Every parent definitely wants the children to succeed in their life. However, most parents do not understand the true key of success. On the other hand, they are not able to accompany and educate their children to be success. The purpose of this study is to search the exposure of the Bible about the concept of success, the way a child raised by the parent or adults based on the examples from the Bible. The method used in this study is a literature review research and the exegesis of Bible. Based on the Bible success promised by God is a success in wealth and an ability to have wisdom needed to manage the daily problems. Besides, the important thing for a child to be success based on the exposure of the Holy Bible, is by reading, meditating and being careful to do everything written in the Scripture. AbstrakSetiap orang tua pasti ingin agar anak – anaknya berhasil di dalam hidupnya. Tetapi belum tentu semua orang tua memahami kunci keberhasilan yang sejati. Di sisi lain, belum tentu juga semua orang tua dapat mendampingi anak – anak mereka dan mendidik mereka sehingga menjadi berhasil. Penelitian ini bertujuan meneliti pemaparan Alkitab tentang konsep keberhasilan, bagaimana seorang anak dapat berhasil dalam didikan orang tua atau orang dewasa lainnya berdasarkan contoh – contoh dari Alkitab. Metode yang dipakai dalam penulisan ini adalah penelitian studi pustaka dan eksegese Alkitab. Berdasarkan pemaparan Alkitab ditemukan bahwa keberhasilan yang dijanjikan Allah bagi umat-Nya adalah keberhasilan yang meliputi kesuksesan secara materi dan kemampuan untuk mendapatkan hikmat yang dibutuhkan dalam menangani masalah – masalah kehidupan. Selain itu kunci agar seorang anak dapat mencapai keberhasilan dalam pemaparan Alkitab adalah dengan membaca, merenungkan dan bertindak hati – hati sesuai yang dituliskan di dalam Firman Tuhan.