bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of differentiating costs of capital by country and technology on the European energy transition
Authors: Polzin Friedemann , Sanders Mark , Steffen Bjarne , Egli Florian , Schmidt Tobias S. , Karkatsoulis Panagiotis , Fragkos Panagiotis , Paroussos Leonidas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCost of capital is an important driver of investment decisions, including the large investments needed to execute the low-carbon energy transition. Most models, however, abstract from country or technology differences in cost of capital and use uniform assumptions. These might lead to biased results regarding the transition of certain countries towards renewables in the power mix and potentially to a sub-optimal use of public resources. In this paper, we differentiate the cost of capital per country and technology for European Union (EU) countries to more accurately reflect real-world market conditions. Using empirical data from the EU, we find significant differences in the cost of capital across countries and energy technologies. Implementing these differentiated costs of capital in an energy model, we show large implications for the technology mix, deployment, carbon emissions and electricity system costs. Cost-reducing effects stemming from financing experience are observed in all EU countries and their impact is larger in the presence of high carbon prices. In sum, we contribute to the development of energy system models with a method to differentiate the cost of capital for incumbent fossil fuel technologies as well as novel renewable technologies. The increasingly accurate projections of such models can help policymakers engineer a more effective and efficient energy transition.
Using Cognitive Bias Modification-Appraisal Training to Manipulate Appraisals about the Self and the World in Analog Trauma
Authors: Würtz Felix , Krans Julie , Blackwell Simon E. , Cwik Jan C. , Margraf Jürgen , Woud Marcella L. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Dysfunctional appraisals are a key mechanism in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Experimental manipulations of appraisals via Cognitive Bias Modification-Appraisal (CBM-App) training targeting cognitions related to the ‘self’ has shown to affect analog trauma symptoms. The present study aimed to conceptually replicate and extend previous findings by comparing a newly developed ‘world’ to the original ‘self’ training, and investigate the moderating role of locus of control (LOC) on intrusions.

Methods
Healthy participants (N = 173) were exposed to distressing films as an analog trauma induction. Next, participants received positive or negative CBM-App, targeting either self- or world-relevant appraisals. Dysfunctional appraisals and LOC were assessed pre- and post-training. During the week after the laboratory session, participants recorded their intrusions and associated distress in a diary. One week later, trauma-relevant symptomatology was assessed.

Results
Positive compared to negative CBM-App induced training-congruent appraisals, independent of the trained cognition (self vs. world). However, there was no effect on analog trauma symptoms and LOC did not moderate the training’s effect.

Conclusions
Our results underline the validity of CBM-App as a method to experimentally manipulate appraisals. However, since we did not fully replicate previous findings further research on mechanisms associated with transfer effects is warranted.
Portfolio Correlations in the Bank-Firm Credit Market of Japan
Authors: Luu Duc Thi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe recent global financial crisis has shown portfolio correlations between agents as one of the major channels of risk contagion and amplification. In this work, we analyse the structure and dynamics of the cross-correlation matrix of banks’ loan portfolios in the yearly bank-firm credit network of Japan during the period from 1980 to 2012. Using the methods of Random Matrix Theory (RMT), Principal Component Analysis and complex networks, we aim to detect non-random patterns in the empirical cross-correlations as well as to identify different states of such correlations over time. Our findings suggest that although a majority of portfolio correlations between banks in lending relations to firms are contributed by noise, the top largest eigenvalues always deviate from the random bulk explained by RMT, indicating the presence of non-random patterns governing the correlation dynamics. In particular, we show that this dynamics is mainly driven by a global common factor and a couple of “groups” factors. Furthermore, different states in the credit market can be identified based on the evolution of eigenvalues and associated eigenvectors. For example, during the asset price bubble period in Japan from 1986 to 1991, we find that banks’ loan portfolios tend to be more correlated, showing a significant increase in the level of systemic risk in the credit market. In addition, building Planar Maximally Filtered Graphs from the correlations of different eigenmodes, notably, we observe that the local interaction structure between banks changes in different periods. Typically, when the dominance of a group of banks in one period gradually vanishes, the credit market starts to build-up a different structure in the next period in which another group of banks will become the main actors in the backbone of the cross-correlations.
Behaviour equivalent max-plus automata for timed petri nets under open-loop race-policy semantics
Authors: Triska Lukas , Moor Thomas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTimed Petri nets and max-plus automata are well known modelling frameworks for timed discrete-event systems. In this paper we present an iterative procedure that constructs a max-plus automaton from a timed Petri net while retaining the timed behaviour. Regarding the Petri net, we essentially impose three assumptions: (a) the Petri net must be bounded, i.e, the reachability graph must be finite; (b) we interpret the Petri net with single server semantics; and (c) the Petri net operates according to the race policy, i.e., the earliest possible transition will fire and thereby possibly consume tokens required by other competing transitions. Under these assumptions we show that the proposed procedure terminates with a finite deterministic max-plus automaton that realises the same timed behaviour as the Petri net. As a variation of the plain race policy, we also consider that a subsequently designed supervisor may temporarily disable distinguished transitions. Again, we present a terminating procedure that constructs a behaviour equivalent deterministic max-plus automaton. We demonstrate by example how the latter automaton can be utilised as an open-loop model in the context of supervisor control.
Moral Appraisal for Everyone: Neurodiversity, Epistemic Limitations, and Responding to the Right Reasons
Authors: Field Claire 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDe Re Significance accounts of moral appraisal consider an agent’s responsiveness to a particular kind of reason, normative moral reasonsde re, to be of central significance for moral appraisal. Here, I argue that such accounts find it difficult to accommodate some neuroatypical agents. I offer an alternative account of how an agent’s responsiveness to normative moral reasons affects moral appraisal – the Reasonable Expectations Account. According to this account, what is significant for appraisal is not the content of the reasons an agent is responsive to (de reorde dicto), but rather whether she is responsive to the reasons it is reasonable to expect her to be responsive to, irrespective of their content. I argue that this account does a better job of dealing with neuroatypical agents, while agreeing with the De Re Significance accounts on more ordinary cases.
Chronos - take the pulse of our galactic neighbourhood
Authors: Michel Eric , Haywood Misha , Famaey Benoit , Mosser Benoit , Samadi Reza , Monteiro Mario J.P.F.G. , Kjeldsen Hans , Belkacem Kevin , Miglio Andréa , Garcia Rafael , Katz David , Suarez Juan Carlos , Deheuvels Sébastien , Campante Tiago , Cunha Margarida , Aguirre Victor Silva , Ballot Jerôme , Moya Andy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnderstanding our Galaxy’s structure, formation, and evolution will, over the next decades, continue to benefit from the wonderful large survey byGaia, for astrometric, kinematic, and spectroscopic characterization, and by large spectroscopic surveys for chemical characterization. The weak link for full exploitation of these data is age characterization, and stellar age estimation relies predominantly on mass estimates. The ideas presented in this White Paper shows that a seismology survey is the way out of this situation and a natural complement to existing and planned surveys. These ideas are strongly rooted in the past decade’s experience of the so-called Seismology revolution, initiated with CoRoT andKepler. The case of red giant stars is used here as the best current illustration of what we can expect from seismology for large samples, but premises for similar developments exist in various other classes of stars covering other ranges of age or mass. Whatever the star considered, the first information provided by stellar pulsations is always related to the mean density and thus to the mass (and age). In order to satisfy the need for long-duration and all-sky coverage, we rely on a new instrumental concept which decouples integration time and sampling time. We thus propose a long (~1 year) all-sky survey which would perfectly fit between TESS, PLATO, and the Rubin Observatory (previously known as LSST) surveys to offer a time domain complement to the current and planned astrometric and spectroscopic surveys. The fine characterization of host stars is also a key aspect for the interpretation and exploitation of the various projects -- anticipated in the framework of the Voyage 2050 programme -- searching for atmospheric characterization of terrestrial planets or, more specifically, looking for a signature of life, in distant planets.
A journey of exploration to the polar regions of a star: probing the solar poles and the heliosphere from high helio-latitude
Authors: Harra Louise , Andretta Vincenzo , Appourchaux Thierry , Baudin Frédéric , Bellot-Rubio Luis , Birch Aaron C. , Boumier Patrick , Cameron Robert H. , Carlsson Matts , Corbard Thierry , Davies Jackie , Fazakerley Andrew , Fineschi Silvano , Finsterle Wolfgang , Gizon Laurent , Harrison Richard , Hassler Donald M. , Leibacher John , Liewer Paulett , Macdonald Malcolm , Maksimovic Milan , Murphy Neil , Naletto Giampiero , Nigro Giuseppina , Owen Christopher , Martínez-Pillet Valentín , Rochus Pierre , Romoli Marco , Sekii Takashi , Spadaro Daniele , Veronig Astrid , Schmutz W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA mission to view the solar poles from high helio-latitudes (above 60°) will build on the experience of Solar Orbiter as well as a long heritage of successful solar missions and instrumentation (e.g. SOHO Domingo et al. (Solar Phys. 162(1-2), 1–37 1995), STEREO Howard et al. (Space Sci. Rev. 136(1-4), 67–115 2008), Hinode Kosugi et al. (Solar Phys. 243(1), 3–17 2007), Pesnell et al. Solar Phys. 275(1–2), 3–15 2012), but will focus for the first time on the solar poles, enabling scientific investigations that cannot be done by any other mission. One of the major mysteries of the Sun is the solar cycle. The activity cycle of the Sun drives the structure and behaviour of the heliosphere and of course, the driver of space weather. In addition, solar activity and variability provides fluctuating input into the Earth climate models, and these same physical processes are applicable to stellar systems hosting exoplanets. One of the main obstructions to understanding the solar cycle, and hence all solar activity, is our current lack of understanding of the polar regions. In this White Paper, submitted to the European Space Agency in response to the Voyage 2050 call, we describe a mission concept that aims to address this fundamental issue. In parallel, we recognise that viewing the Sun from above the polar regions enables further scientific advantages, beyond those related to the solar cycle, such as unique and powerful studies of coronal mass ejection processes, from a global perspective, and studies of coronal structure and activity in polar regions. Not only will these provide important scientific advances for fundamental stellar physics research, they will feed into our understanding of impacts on the Earth and other planets’ space environment.
Relational Quantum Mechanics and the PBR Theorem: A Peaceful Coexistence
Authors: Oldofredi Andrea , Calosi Caludio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAccording to Relational Quantum Mechanics (RQM) the wave function $$\psi$$
ψ
is considered neither a concrete physical item evolving in spacetime, nor an object representing the absolute state of a certain quantum system. In this interpretative framework, $$\psi$$
ψ
is defined as a computational device encoding observers’ information; hence, RQM offers a somewhat epistemic view of the wave function. This perspective seems to be at odds with the PBR theorem, a formal result excluding that wave functions represent knowledge of an underlying reality described by some ontic state. In this paper we argue that RQM is not affected by the conclusions of PBR’s argument; consequently, the alleged inconsistency can be dissolved. To do that, we will thoroughly discuss the very foundations of the PBR theorem, i.e. Harrigan and Spekkens’ categorization of ontological models, showing that their implicit assumptions about the nature of the ontic state are incompatible with the main tenets of RQM. Then, we will ask whether it is possible to derive a relational PBR-type result, answering in the negative. This conclusion shows some limitations of this theorem not yet discussed in the literature.
Brief Report: Specificity of Interpersonal Synchrony Deficits to Autism Spectrum Disorder and Its Potential for Digitally Assisted Diagnostics
Authors: Koehler Jana Christina , Georgescu Alexandra Livia , Weiske Johanna , Spangemacher Moritz , Burghof Lana , Falkai Peter , Koutsouleris Nikolaos , Tschacher Wolfgang , Vogeley Kai , Falter-Wagner Christine M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractReliably diagnosing autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in adulthood poses a challenge to clinicians due to the absence of specific diagnostic markers. This study investigated the potential of interpersonal synchrony (IPS), which has been found to be reduced in ASD, to augment the diagnostic process. IPS was objectively assessed in videos of diagnostic interviews in a representative referral population from two specialized autism outpatient clinics. In contrast to the current screening tools that could not reliably differentiate, we found a significant reduction of IPS in interactions with individuals later diagnosed with ASD (n = 16) as opposed to those not receiving a diagnosis (n = 23). While these findings need to be validated in larger samples, they nevertheless underline the potential of digitally-enhanced diagnostic processes for ASD.
Post-process optimization of 3D printed poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) dental implant scaffold for enhanced structure and mechanical properties: effects of sonication duration and power
Authors: Virinthorn R. N. V. C. , Chandrasekaran M. , Wang K. , Goh K. L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe described a technique of a post-process stage to partially remove the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) binder in Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) dental scaffolds. The scaffolds were exposed to ultrasonic waves while immersed in an ethanol/acetone solvent mixture that possessed both polar and nonpolar properties. A factorial experiment was conducted in which the scaffolds were treated to three levels of sonication power (pW): 0, 20% (22 W) and 40% (44 W), and soaking duration (t): 5, 15, and 30 min. The treated scaffolds were characterized by FT-IR, optical microscopy, and mechanical (compressive) testing. FT-IR revealed that the amount of PVA decreased with increasing pW and t. Two-way ANOVA revealed that increasing pW and t, respectively, resulted in increasing scaffold surface area to volume (SVR). Sonication and solvent caused structural damage (i.e., unevenness) on the scaffold surface, but the damage was minimal at 20% pW and 30 min. The optimal values of pW and t resulting in enhanced fracture strength, strain and toughness were 20% and 30 min, respectively, which corroborated the findings of minimal structural damage. However, sonication had no significant effects on the scaffold stiffness. Mechanistic analysis of the effects of sonication predicted that the ultrasonic energy absorbed by the scaffold was sufficient to disrupt the van Der Waals bonds between the PVA and PLGA but not high enough to disrupt the covalent bonds within the PLGA. This technique is promising as it can partially remove the PVA from the scaffold, and mitigate problematic issues down the line, such as thermal degradation during sterilization, and undue delay/variability in biodegradation.
High-Throughput Feeding Bioassay for Lepidoptera Larvae
Authors: Sanané Inoussa , Legrand Judith , Dillmann Christine , Marion-Poll Frédéric 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFinding plant cultivars that are resistant or tolerant against lepidopteran pests, takes time, effort and is costly. We present here a high throughput leaf-disk consumption assay system, to screen plants for resistance or chemicals for their deterrence. A webcam capturing images at regular intervals can follow the feeding activities of 150 larvae placed into individual cages. We developed a computer program running under an open source image analysis program to analyze and measure the surface of each leaf disk over time. We further developed new statistical procedures to analyze the time course of the feeding activities of the larvae and to compare them between treatments. As a test case, we compared how European corn borer larvae respond to a commercial antifeedant containing azadirachtin, and to quinine, which is a bitter alkaloid for many organisms. As expected, increasing doses of azadirachtin reduced and delayed feeding. However, quinine was poorly effective at the range of concentrations tested (10–5 M to 10–2 M). The model cage, the camera holder, the plugins, and the R scripts are freely available, and can be modified according to the users’ needs.
The measurement of health inequalities: does status matter?
Authors: Costa-Font Joan , Cowell Frank A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractApproaches to measuring health inequalities are often problematic because they use methods that are inappropriate for categorical data. In this paper we focus on “pure” or univariate health inequality (rather than income-related or bivariate health inequality) and use a concept of individual status that allows a consistent treatment of such data. We take alternative versions of the status concept and apply methods for treating categorical data to examine self-assessed health inequality for the countries included in the World Health Survey. We also use regression analysis on the apparent determinants of these health inequality estimates. We show that the status concept that is used will affect health-inequality rankings across countries and the way health inequality is related to countries’ median health, income, demographics and governance.
Intergenerational transmission of lockdown consequences: prognosis of the longer-run persistence of COVID-19 in Latin America
Authors: Neidhöfer Guido , Lustig Nora , Tommasi Mariano 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe shock on human capital caused by COVID-19 is likely to have long lasting consequences, especially for children of low-educated families. Applying a counterfactual exercise we project the effects of school closures and other lockdown policies on the intergenerational persistence of education in 17 Latin American countries. First, we retrieve detailed information on school lockdowns and on the policies enacted to support education from home in each country. Then, we use these information to estimate the potential impact of the pandemic on schooling, high school completion, and intergenerational associations. In addition, we account for educational disruptions related to household income shocks. Our findings show that, despite that mitigation policies were able to partly reduce instructional losses in some countries, the educational attainment of the most vulnerable could be seriously affected. In particular, the likelihood of children from low educated families to attain a secondary schooling degree could fall substantially.
Locating Defects in Conductive Materials Using the Eddy Current Model of the Filamentary Coil
Authors: Tytko Grzegorz 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article presents an innovative technique for detecting flaws in conductive materials by using an ideal filamentary coil. To characterize such a coil accurately and explicitly, it is sufficient to be in possession of merely two parameters: the radius of the circle within which all the turns are located and the distance of the coil from the tested surface. The mathematical model derived using the truncated region eigenfunction expansion method enables the calculation of the changes in the components of the filamentary coil impedance that are the result of positioning the coil close to the conductive material with a hole. Because of this, the air-cored coil model can be replaced with a much simpler filamentary coil model. This solution makes it is possible to detect various types of holes (internal, surface, subsurface or through) occurring in both multilayer magnetic and non-magnetic materials. The derived results were verified by means of measurements and numerical calculations based on the finite element method. Very good agreement was observed in both cases. The paper contains the source code implemented in Matlab, which is used to for calculations.
Religion and Spirituality in Oncology: An Exploratory Study of the Communication Experiences of Clinicians in Poland
Authors: Kowalczyk Oliwia , Roszkowski Krzysztof , Pawliszak Wojciech , Rypel Agnieszka , Roszkowski Szymon , Kowalska Jolanta , Tylkowski Bartosz , Bajek Anna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCommunication with patients regarding oncology-related aspects is a challenging experience and requires a high level of skill from the interlocutors. The aim of this study was to verify the influence of religion/spirituality in oncological settings from the health professionals’ perspectives in Poland. It assessed the role of religion/spirituality in patient-clinician communication, death or stress self-management, empathy, and breaking bad news skills. Data collection was carried out through a standardized self-administered questionnaire with varying scales. The study cohort consisted of 60 medical practitioners specializing in oncological radiotherapy treatments. It was observed that strategies used for coping with patients’ death, stress reduction, empathy, communication with patients and/or their relatives, or breaking bad news skills, may be gender-specific or may depend on the length of time employed, as well as experience in a cancer-related work environment. This study shows that spirituality and religiousness can support clinicians in managing challenging or negative emotions related to their work in cancer settings. Religiousness and spirituality can also serve as a potential therapeutic strategies for those exposed to patient suffering and death.