bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Mitoxantrone–Melphalan and BEAM Conditioning Regimens in Patients with Lymphoma
Authors: Gunes Ahmet Kursad , Serin Istemi , Demir Ilknur , Sarifakiogullari Serpil , Durusoy Salih Sertac , Akkurt Dervis Murad , Ince Idris , Ozkan Gulkan , Cinli Tahir Alper , Pehlivan Mustafa 
Published: April 2021

Objective/Background:
Lymphoma is seen as a highly treatable and curable malignancy with aggressive treatment methods. Efficacy is often limited by toxicity and many patients need alternative treatment strategies as they cannot tolerate existing high cytotoxic approaches. Our aim is to compare BEAM [carmustine (BCNU), etoposide, cytarabine (ARA-C, cytosine arabinoside), and melphalan] and mitoxantrone–melphalan (Mx-Mel) regimens utilized in our patients with a diagnosis of lymphoma who underwent autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), and to demonstrate that the Mx-Mel regimen has similar but less toxic results than the BEAM regimen we have been using frequently as standard conditioning regimen.

Methods:
A total of 101 patients with lymphoma who underwent ASCT were included in our study. The BEAM regimen included BCNU, etoposide, ARA-C, and melphalan. The Mx-Mel regimen included mitoxantrone and melphalan.

Results:
Of 101 patients included in the study, 60 (59.4%) received BEAM and 41 (40.6%) received Mx-Mel (40.6%) conditioning regimen. The median time to neutrophil engraftment was 10 (range: 9–20) days and 12 (range: 9–12) days in the BEAM and Mx-Mel arms, respectively; it was statistically significantly shorter in the BEAM arm (p = .001).

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates that the Mx-Mel regimen has similar efficacy and toxicity compared with the BEAM regimen. Although time to neutrophil engraftment was shorter in the BEAM arm, it did not result as significant transplant-related complications between the two regimens. The Mx-Mel regimen is seen as a good alternative with low toxicity and high efficacy.
Can we omit surgery in patients with isolated free fluid following blunt abdominal injury? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Promboon Tatchakorn , Krutsri Chonlada , Sumritpradit Preeda , Singhatas Pongsasit , Lertsitthichai Panuwat , Kitgrongpaibul Panjapon , Thongchai Varinthip , Choikrua Pattawia , Phoprom Napaphat 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
Management of isolated free fluid following blunt abdominal injury in hemodynamically stable patients is still controversial with respect to nonoperative management (NOM) versus immediate laparotomy. This meta-analysis was performed to identify significant intra-abdominal injuries that require therapeutic laparotomy, thus helping in decision-making during initial management.

Method:
We systematically reviewed the PubMed and SCOPUS databases from 2000 to 2020. The primary outcome of interest was identification of significant intra-abdominal injuries requiring therapeutic laparotomy. We performed the meta-analysis using a random-effects model.

Results:
Eight studies involving 7763 patients were evaluated. Isolated free fluid was present in 722 (9.3%) patients. Their median age was 35.82 years, and their average Injury Severity Score was 17.1. The major mechanism of injury was motor vehicle accidents (31.2%). Of 722 patients, 490 underwent initial NOM and 232 underwent immediate laparotomy. The success rate of initial NOM was 98% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.959–1.002]. The failure rate of initial NOM was 7.4% (95% CI, 0.023–0.126). Significant intra-abdominal injuries were identified in 39.2% of patients (95% CI, 0.127–0.657). Most of the significant intra-abdominal organ injuries were mesenteric injury in 23% of patients (95% CI, −0.004–0.463) and bowel injury in 18.4% (95% CI, 0.098–0.271). A moderate to large amount of fluid on computed tomography and abdominal tenderness were associated with laparotomy (p = 0.000 and 0.040, respectively), but neither was a significant risk factor for therapeutic laparotomy or significant intra-abdominal injury.

Conclusions:
Isolated free fluid following blunt abdominal injury in hemodynamically stable patients does not mandate immediate or delayed laparotomy. Initial NOM can be considered with hemodynamic monitoring of early warning signs of sepsis (e.g., using the Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment), and serial abdominal examination might help to detect significant intra-abdominal injury requiring therapeutic laparotomy. In patients suspected to have injury after initial NOM and in patients who cannot cooperate, diagnostic laparoscopy will play an important role in minimally invasive diagnosis.
Sludge and transaction costs
Authors: Shahab Sina , Lades Leonhard K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBehavioral scientists have begun to research ‘sludge,’ excessive frictions that make it harder for people to do what they want to do. Friction is also an important concept in transaction-cost economics. Nevertheless, sludge has been discussed without explicit referral to transaction costs. Several questions arise from this observation. Is the analogy to friction used differently in both literatures? If so, what are the key differences? If not, should we develop the concept of sludge when the well-established literature on transaction costs already exists? This conceptual article shows that sludge and transaction costs are related, but distinct, concepts, and that the literature on sludge can benefit from incorporating elements from transaction-cost research. For example, we suggest defining sludge as aspects of the choice architecture that lead to the experience of costs, organize sludges using a typology inspired by the transaction-cost literature, highlight specificity, uncertainty, and frequency as important determinants of the ‘sludginess’ of choice architecture, and show that sludge audits can be conducted using methods developed in the transaction-cost literature.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination preparedness policies in US hospitals
Authors: Beekmann Susan E. , Babcock Hilary M. , Rasnake Mark S. , Talbot Thomas R. , Polgreen Philip M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe surveyed infectious disease specialists about early coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination preparedness. Almost all responding institutions rated their facility’s preparedness plan as either excellent or adequate. Vaccine hesitancy and concern about adverse reactions were the most commonly anticipated barriers to COVID-19 vaccination. Only 60% believed that COVID-19 vaccination should be mandatory.
Validation of an interviewer-administered seven-day semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire for the dietary assessment of preschool children in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Sabuktagin , Lee Patricia , Ireen Santhia , Khan Moudud ur-Rahman , Ahmed Faruk 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA validation study of an interviewer-administered, seven-day semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (7-d SQFFQ) was conducted in Bangladeshi rural preschool age children. Using a cross-sectional study design, 105 children from 103 households were randomly selected. For the SQFFQ, a list of commonly consumed foods was adapted from the Bangladesh national micronutrient survey 2011–12. The data on the actual number of times and the amount of the children's consumption of the foods in the preceding 1 week were collected by interviewing the mothers. The intake was compared with two non-consecutive days 24-h dietary recalls conducted within 2 weeks after the SQFFQ. Validity was assessed by the standard statistical tests. After adjusting for the energy intake and de-attenuation for within-subject variation, the food groups (cereals, animal source foods, milk and the processed foods) had ‘good’ correlations between the methods (rho 0⋅65–0⋅93;P< 0⋅001). Similarly, the macronutrients (carbohydrate, protein and fats) had ‘good’ correlations (rho 0⋅50–0⋅75;P< 0⋅001) and the key micronutrients (iron, zinc, calcium, vitamin A, etc.) demonstrated ‘good’ correlations (rho 0⋅46–0⋅85;P< 0⋅001). The variation in classifying the two extreme quintiles by the SQFFQ and the 24-h recalls was <10 %. The results from Lin's concordance coefficients showed a ‘moderate’ to ‘excellent’ absolute agreement between the two methods for food groups, and nutrients (0⋅21–0⋅90;P< 0⋅001). This interviewer-administered, 7-d SQFFQ with an open-ended intake frequency demonstrated adequate validity to assess the dietary intake for most nutrients and suitable for dietary assessments of young children in Bangladesh.
Micromammals from the late early Miocene of Çapak (western Anatolia) herald a time of change
Authors: Bilgin Melike , Joniak Peter , Mayda Serdar , Göktaş Fikret , Peláez-Campomanes Pablo , van den Hoek Ostende Lars W. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe new fossil micromammal assemblage of Çapak represents a mixture of both Anatolian and European faunal elements. The locality is very important for understanding faunal evolution in the less well-known time interval at the end of the early Miocene of western Anatolia. In Çapak, nine species of rodents and one species of ochotonid were encountered: the hamstersDemocricetodon gracilis,Megacricetodon primitivus,Eumyarionaff.E.montanus,Cricetodoncf.C.aliveriensis,Cricetodonsp., andKarydomyscf.K.strati, the mole-ratDebruijniasp., the squirrelAliveria luteyni, the dormouseMyomimus tanjuaen. sp., and the pikaAlbertona balkanica. The assemblage is referable to Anatolian local zone E or MN unit 4. The relative abundance of the various genera is markedly different from that of the older early Miocene assemblages, suggesting that the environment in Anatolia became drier and had a more open landscape.UUID:http://zoobank.org/75f3276c-dcd8-4090-b2f6-d8fc8d3c3f7c
Greater public confidence in the US Supreme Court predicts more jurisdiction stripping
Authors: Ura Joseph Daniel , Wohlfarth Patrick C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA growing body of empirical research shows an association between public support for the US Supreme Court and both judicial independence and congressional court curbing activity. At the same time, studies of jurisdiction stripping show Congress’ efforts to limit federal courts’ jurisdiction are principally related to courts’ workloads rather than ideological differences between courts and Congress. Here, the authors connect these streams of inquiry by testing the hypothesis of a negative relationship between public support for the Supreme Court and jurisdiction-stripping legislation. Contrary to prior studies, the authors find a positive relationship between Americans’ confidence in the Supreme Court and jurisdiction stripping. This result indicates the need for additional research on the interactions among public opinion, federal courts, and Congress.
Multi-objective optimal design of a novel 6-DOF spray-painting robot
Authors: Wu Jun , Wang Xiaojian , Zhang Binbin , Huang Tian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper deals with the multi-objective optimal design of a novel 6-degree of freedom (DOF) hybrid spray-painting robot. Its kinematic model is obtained by dividing it into serial and parallel parts. The dynamic equation is formulated by virtual work principle. A performance index for evaluating the compactness of robot is presented. Taking compactness, motion/force transmissibility, and energy consumption as performance indices, the optimal geometric parameters of the robot are selected in the Pareto-optimal set by constructing a comprehensive performance index. This paper is very useful for the development of the spray-painting robot.
Global inverse optimal exponential path-tracking control of mobile robots driven by Lévy processes
Authors: Do K. D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper formulates and solves a new problem of global practical inverse optimal exponential path-tracking control of mobile robots driven by Lévy processes with unknown characteristics. The control design is based on a new inverse optimal control design for nonlinear systems driven by Lévy processes and ensures global practical exponential stability almost surely and in the pth moment for the path-tracking errors. Moreover, it minimizes cost function that penalizes tracking errors and control torques without having to solve a Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman or Hamilton–Jaccobi–Isaacs equation.
Redei reciprocity, governing fields and negative Pell
Authors: STEVENHAGEN PETER 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe discuss the origin, an improved definition and the key reciprocity property of the trilinear symbol introduced by Rédei [16] in the study of 8-ranks of narrow class groups of quadratic number fields. It can be used to show that such 8-ranks are ‘governed’ by Frobenius conditions on the primes dividing the discriminant, a fact used in the recent work of A. Smith [18, 19]. In addition, we explain its impact in the progress towards proving my conjectural density for solvability of the negative Pell equation
$x^2-dy^2=-1$
.
Quantifying geographic heterogeneity in TB incidence and the potential impact of geographically targeted interventions in South and North City Corporations of Dhaka, Bangladesh: a model-based study
Authors: Shrestha Sourya , Reja Mehdi , Gomes Isabella , Baik Yeonsoo , Pennington Jeffrey , Islam Shamiul , Jamil Faisel Abu , Cordon Oscar , Roy Tapash , Suarez Pedro G. , Hussain Hamidah , Dowdy David W. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In rapidly growing and high-burden urban centres, identifying tuberculosis (TB) transmission hotspots and understanding the potential impact of interventions can inform future control and prevention strategies. Using data on local demography, TB reports and patient reporting patterns in Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) and Dhaka North City Corporation (DNCC), Bangladesh, between 2010 and 2017, we developed maps of TB reporting rates across wards in DSCC and DNCC and identified wards with high rates of reported TB (i.e. ‘hotspots’) in DSCC and DNCC. We developed ward-level transmission models and estimated the potential epidemiological impact of three TB interventions: active case finding (ACF), mass preventive therapy (PT) and a combination of ACF and PT, implemented either citywide or targeted to high-incidence hotspots. There was substantial geographic heterogeneity in the estimated TB incidence in both DSCC and DNCC: incidence in the highest-incidence wards was over ten times higher than in the lowest-incidence wards in each city corporation. ACF, PT and combined ACF plus PT delivered to 10% of the population reduced TB incidence by a projected 7%–9%, 13%–15% and 19%–23% over five years, respectively. Targeting TB hotspots increased the projected reduction in TB incidence achieved by each intervention 1.4- to 1.8-fold. The geographical pattern of TB notifications suggests high levels of ongoing TB transmission in DSCC and DNCC, with substantial heterogeneity at the ward level. Interventions that reduce transmission are likely to be highly effective and incorporating notification data at the local level can further improve intervention efficiency.
A large outbreak of measles in the West Midlands, England, 2017–2018: descriptive epidemiology, control measures and lessons learnt
Authors: Mulchandani R. , Sibal B. , Phillips A. , Suleman S. , Banerjee A. , Teagle R. , Foulkes S. , Spence K. , Edeghere O. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In November 2017, eight confirmed measles cases were reported to Public Health England from a hospital in the West Midlands. A multidisciplinary Incident Management Team (IMT) was established to determine the extent of the problem and coordinate an outbreak response. Between 1 November 2017 and 4 June 2018, a total of 116 confirmed and 21 likely measles cases were linked to this outbreak; just under half (43%) were aged over 15 years of age. Fifty-five of the confirmed cases were hospitalised (48%) and no deaths were reported. At the start of the outbreak, cases were mostly individuals of Romanian origin; the outbreak subsequently spread to the wider population. Over the 8-month response, the IMT conducted the following control measures: extensive contact tracing, immediate provision of post-exposure prophylaxis, community engagement amongst specific high-risk groups, MMR awareness raising including catch-up campaigns and enhanced vaccination services at selected GP surgeries. Key challenges to the effective control measures included language difficulties limiting community engagement; delays in diagnosis, notification and appropriate isolation of cases; limited resources for contact tracing across multiple high-risk settings (including GPs and hospitals) and lack of timely data on vaccine coverage in sub-groups of the population to guide public health action.
STOCHASTIC MODEL PREDICTIVE CONTROL FOR SPACECRAFT RENDEZVOUS AND DOCKING VIA A DISTRIBUTIONALLY ROBUST OPTIMIZATION APPROACH
Authors: LI ZUOXUN , ZHANG KAI 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA stochastic model predictive control (SMPC) algorithm is developed to solve the problem of three-dimensional spacecraft rendezvous and docking with unbounded disturbance. In particular, we only assume that the mean and variance information of the disturbance is available. In other words, the probability density function of the disturbance distribution is not fully known. Obstacle avoidance is considered during the rendezvous phase. Line-of-sight cone, attitude control bandwidth, and thrust direction constraints are considered during the docking phase. A distributionally robust optimization based algorithm is then proposed by reformulating the SMPC problem into a convex optimization problem. Numerical examples show that the proposed method improves the existing model predictive control based strategy and the robust model predictive control based strategy in the presence of disturbance.
The Influence of Loading Path on Fault Reactivation: A Laboratory Perspective
Authors: Giorgetti C. , Violay M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe loading path the fault experiences is often neglected when evaluating its potential for reactivation and the related seismic risk. However, stress history affects fault zone compaction and dilation, and thus its mechanics. Therefore, in incohesive fault cores that could dilate or compact, the role of the loading path could not be ruled out. Here we reproduce in the laboratory different tectonic loading paths for reverse (load‐strengthening in the absence of significant fluid pressure increase) and normal gouge‐bearing faults (load‐weakening) to investigate the loading path influence on fault reactivation and seismic potential. We find that, before reactivation, experimental reverse faults undergo compaction, whereas experimental normal faults experience dilation. Additionally, when reactivated at comparable normal stress, normal faults are more prone to slip seismically than reverse faults. We infer that the higher mean stress normal faults experience compacts more efficiently the fault rock, increasing its stiffness and favoring seismic slip.
Interannual Variation in Stable Isotopes in Water Vapor Over the Northern Tibetan Plateau Linked to ENSO
Authors: Jing Zhaowei , Yu Wusheng , Schneider Andreas , Borsdorff Tobias , Landgraf Jochen , Lewis Stephen , Zhang Jingyi , Tang Wenjun , Ma Yaoming , Xu Baiqing , Qu Dongmei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe contrasting responses of ice core δ18O records (δ18Oice) from the northern and southern Tibetan Plateau (TP) to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) complicate δ18Oice‐based temperature reconstructions. These contrasting responses were explored using stable hydrogen isotopes in water vapor (δDv). We found that the interannual variation in δDv from the northern TP is influenced by midtropospheric moisture sources from the Indo‐Pacific Warm Pool, with enriched (depleted) δDv values in La Niña (El Niño) years due to enhanced (weakened) deep convection. In comparison, the interannual δDv variation in the southern TP is mainly influenced by low‐tropospheric moisture from the central Indian Continent, whose δDv is depleted (enriched) in La Niña (El Niño) years. These results demonstrate that moisture transported from different altitudes can lead to opposite isotopic signals of water vapor over the northern and southern TP and can be used to reconcile the contrasting responses of δ18Oice to ENSO.
Open Ocean Particle Flux Variability From Surface to Seafloor
Authors: Cael B. B. , Bisson Kelsey , Conte Maureen , Duret Manon T. , Follett Christopher L. , Henson Stephanie A. , Honda Makio C. , Iversen Morten H. , Karl David M. , Lampitt Richard S. , Mouw Colleen B. , Muller‐Karger Frank , Pebody Corinne A. , Smith Kenneth L. , Talmy David 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe sinking of carbon fixed via net primary production (NPP) into the ocean interior is an important part of marine biogeochemical cycles. NPP measurements follow a log‐normal probability distribution, meaning NPP variations can be simply described by two parameters despite NPP's complexity. By analyzing a global database of open ocean particle fluxes, we show that this log‐normal probability distribution propagates into the variations of near‐seafloor fluxes of particulate organic carbon (POC), calcium carbonate, and opal. Deep‐sea particle fluxes at subtropical and temperate time‐series sites follow the same log‐normal probability distribution, strongly suggesting the log‐normal description is robust and applies on multiple scales. This log‐normality implies that 29% of the highest measurements are responsible for 71% of the total near‐seafloor POC flux. We discuss possible causes for the dampening of variability from NPP to deep‐sea POC flux, and present an updated relationship predicting POC flux from mineral flux and depth.
Thank You to Our 2020 Peer Reviewers
Authors: Montési Laurent G. J. , Määttänen Anni , Rogers A. Deanne , Thomson Bradley J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPeer reviewing is the selfless act of evaluating and providing feedback on scientific papers submitted in journals like JGR: Planets. Every review is written with the objective of clarifying the article and often contains suggestions for additional analyses or topics of discussion. Reviewers often spend hours examining the rigor of the methods, the validity of the results, and the significance of the conclusions in the submitted manuscripts. The extra effort of our pool of reviewers in a year when we all needed to adjust our daily routines in response to a pandemic has not gone unnoticed. In 2020, JGR: Planets benefited from 1,168 reviews provided by 705 unique reviewers. We are particularly grateful to the scientists who remained involved in the review process. We also understand that many of us had to reduce our reviewing commitment this year. Hopefully, the coming year will see a return to normalcy in your lives. To our reviewers, past, present, and future, the entire editorial board of JGR: Planets wishes to express here our most heartfelt gratitude. Thank you!