bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary study of canker disease for development of urban tree health standard in Malaysia
Authors: Terhem R , Alias N I M , Kamarudzaman K A 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCanker disease (CD) mainly infected trees planted in urban areas in Malaysia. This disease is caused by several plant pathogens and may cause tree death and tree failure. The aims of this study are to identify tree species which are susceptible to canker diseases and to identify the causal agents especially plant pathogens of the disease. To perform the study, a survey on planted trees in several urban parks and sites in Malaysia were conducted. In this study, the Canker Disease (CD) assessment procedure was developed and modified from Thousand Cankers Disease Survey Guidelines by the United State Department of Agriculture (USDA). Later, the assessment procedure was improved based on surveys in the ground to fit and get the best quality of data from the observations. As a result, several canker diseases were identified on twenty-three (23) trees, the species were,Acacia sp, Bucida molineti, Cinnamomum iners, Citrus sp, Eucalyptus urograndis, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus sp, Khaya grandifoliola, Mangifera indica, Manilkara zapota, Mimusops elengi, Peltophorum indicus, Samanea saman, Swietenia macrophylla, Swietenia spicifera, Tabebuia argentea, Terminalia catappa, Terminalia mantaly, Araucaria heterophylla, Casuarina equisetifolia, Gymnostoma sumatranaandPolyalthia longifolia. Based on symptom development the canker diseases known as Sphaeropsis canker, Cryphonectria canker, Chrysoporthe canker, Biscogniauxia canker, Hypoxylon canker, Cypress canker, Nectria canker, Ceratocystis Wilt, Pink disease, and Slime flux disease. This study can be the starting point in developing the Canker Disease (CD) Assessment Standard in Malaysia. It is important for Malaysia to have a Canker Disease (CD) Assessment Standard in order to become a guideline for future study or research that specifies canker disease towards common trees planted in Malaysia especially the urban areas.
Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King.) as urban tree: tree growth and wood quality variation in a progeny test
Authors: Sudrajat D J , Ayyasy Y , Siregar I Z , Karlinasari L 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) is a tree species widely planted not only for timber production but also as a shade tree in urban areas both on the side of the highway (green belt) and other green open areas. The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic variation of growth and wood quality of a mahogany progeny test at the Parung Panjang, Bogor, which will be converted into a seedling seed orchard for high quality seed production. The progeny test was established using a randomized complete block design involving 96 families originating from seven populations (land races) in Java Island, i.e., Cianjur, Sumedang, Tasikmalaya, Magelang, Gundih, Madiun, and Jember. The results showed that the family had a significant effect on all the growth and wood quality parameters. Individual and family heritability for all growth and wood quality traits were categorized into the high, i.e., 0.33 - 0.96 and 0.35 - 0.56, respectively. The selection simulation showed that the selection percentage of 44.68% (45 best families) gave the optimum genetic gain based on growth and wood quality traits.
Health identification of Shorea javanica Koord. and valeton in nursery
Authors: Damayanti I , Rezinda C F G , Ridjayanti S M , Bantara I 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Shorea javanica Koord. and Valeton is an identity tree of Lampung Province. The dammar of this species, locally known as damar mata kucing (cat-eye resin). The population of S. javanica is mostly in Repong Damar and grows naturally in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park. Within a decade, the damar mata kucing production was decreased. The threat of deforestation, land degradation, and the scarcity of regeneration were some of the causes. One of the important efforts that could be done was to procure quality seedlings in the nursery. Knowledge of the health condition of seedlings in a nursery is very important in supporting plant cultivation success. Plant insects and diseases were one of the determining factors. This study aims to determine the health of S. javanica seedlings in South Lampung Permanent Nursery, which Way Seputih Way Sekampung Watershed Management Center and Protected Forest manage. This seed health identification activity used the Systematic Random Sampling method with a sampling intensity of 10%. The samples obtained were carried out by identifying the type of damage, location of damage, and severity of all S. javanica seeds sampled using criteria and standards for crop assessment results according to the International Center’s Environmental Monitoring standards Assessment Program (EMAP). Based on the result of the research, from 100 seedlings of S. javanica that was observed 75% of seedlings are unhealth, and 25% of seedlings are healthy. Among the 75% unhealthy seedling, 2% were dead. The intensity of total attack is about 73%, the intensity of insect attack is about 41%, and disease attack intensity is 32%, with the highest attack severity 30-39%. The results showed that the live percentage of S. javanica seedlings was 98% which was in the very good category.
Coarse root distribution of Vatica pauciflora (Korth.) Blume in different soil slopes as revealed by root detector
Authors: Rahman M M , Adzkia U , Rachmadiyanto A N , Dwiyanti F G , Nandika D , Nugroho N , Siregar I Z , Karlinasari L 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Tree roots have an essential role in absorbing water and nutrients from the soil and supporting tree stability. As an anchor for the tree, the environment can significantly affect root structure but it is rarely investigated due to below ground distribution. The study was aimed to determine the distribution of coarse roots of Vatica trees (Vatica pauciflora) which grows in different soil slopes. Six mature Vatica trees at Bogor Botanical Garden were selected in this study. Root detector as the main tool based on acoustic method was used to evaluate the root distribution. Analysis photogrammetry was carried out to complement the root detector results. The results found that the root detector only can evaluate the radial distribution of coarse root, while root distribution on downward soil cannot be detected. The condition of the site with different slope categories (e.g., flat to steep) affected root distribution patterns. A study on root distribution was useful to assist the evaluation of tree stability and to support arboriculture study.
The influence of fast-growing species composition on natural regeneration of coal mine reclamation
Authors: Yunanto T , Amanah F , Siregar I Z 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Natural regeneration on mine reclamation can be an indicator of reclamation success. Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Samanea saman, Senna siamea, and Paraserianthes falcataria are mostly planted fast-growing species at the beginning of reclamation. Those species bind and enrich nitrogen to improve the natural regeneration of ex-mined land. This research aims to determine fast-growing species and the growth rate of natural regeneration development in the ex-mined site. The research was conducted in mine reclamation areas with different ages: 1 (125.14 ha), 4 (323.76 ha), 6 (199.44 ha), 9 (285.18 ha), and 11-year-old plantation (75.39 ha). The statistical analysis of Multivariate Analysis showed that biological species were mostly grouped with P. falcataria than E. cyclocarpum and S. siamea in the 11-year-old plantation area as well as in the 9-year-old plantation area. Most natural species were grouped with C. cyclocarpum rather than S. saman and S. siamea in a 6-year-old plantation area. In contrast, the biological species had no groups with E. cyclocarpum and S. siamea as fast-growing species in the 1-year-old plantation area. Generally, the most dominant planted fast-growing species were E. cyclocarpum (with the mean total number ± standard deviation, (35 ± 17.1)) and P. falcataria (28 ± 8.3). The number of natural regeneration species and individuals in areas dominated by P. falcataria (5 ± 1.7 and 25 ± 10.5) was greater than in areas with predominance of E. cyclocarpum (4 ± 2.6 and 11 ± 4.8). Thus, species selection is necessary to increase natural regeneration. However, further research is required to measure the tolerability of fast-growing species on other natural regeneration species.
Agricultural soil fertility properties in the near infrared spectrum
Authors: Munawar A A , Devianti D , Satriyo P , Zainabun  
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Soil spectrum in the near infrared (NIR) wavelength region can be used to reveal fertility properties which is related to plant cultivations. The main purpose of this presented paper is to study the soil spectrum in the NIR region and its related to the fertility properties in form of heavy metals like Fe and Cu. Soil samples were obtain from several land-use including agriculture, mining and ground field. Near infrared spectrum of soil samples were acquired in wavelength range from 1000 to 2500 nm. Prediction models used to determine Fe and Cu were built by means of partial least squares regression (PLSR) followed by leverage cross validation. Prediction performance was evaluated using coefficient of determination (r2) and ratio of prediction to deviation (RPD). The results showed that both Fe and Cu can be revealed simultaneously using the NIR spectrum with maximum r2 and RPD indexes were 0.93 and 3.86 for Fe and 0.71 and 1.88 for Cu prediction respectively. Based on the achieved results, it may conclude that soil fertility properties can be revealed simultaneously and rapidly using mear infrared spectral data.
Comparative analysis production of fruit and sunti acid using the Hayami method
Authors: Hartuti S , Agustina R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Agroindustry sector has a role important to improve the economic society level of Aceh, Indonesian. The opportunities in business to develop agroindustry from Averrhoa bilimbi L. was a relative major potential included the fruit candy and sunti acid. This study aims to calculated added value of fruit candy and sunti acid using the hayami method. The result was obtained primary and secondary data. The primary data were obtained directly results of interviews with business actors using questionnaires. Furthermore, the secondary data were obtained from literature review studies. The data was collected using the observation, interviews, and documentation. The average added value obtained by fruit candy of each kilogram was found the output value in Rp.150,000 Whereas, the sunti acid was a lower value in Rp. 65,000 This means that a kilogram was used can provide added value of Rp. 11,250 from fruit candy and Rp. 15,625 from sunti acid. The added value ratio was used to quantify the advancement achieved for productivity from A. bilimbi in agroindustry to involve the additional value from local products. Then, the highest profit until 60% in sunti acid product, and 44.44% in fruit candy. The retribution for the owner of the production factor was found the value the entrepreneur profit to 9.76% (Rp. 51,250/kg) for fruit candy and 26.37% (Rp.35,625/kg) for sunti acid. The descriptive data analysis method was expected to suggest the development of agroindustry based on the local commodity product, mainly the fruit candy and sunti acid to supported the food security.
Rapid quantification of rice (Oryza sativa) qualities based on adaptive near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Hayati R , Munawar A A , Marliah A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Determination of rice quality parameters is the key factor affecting sustainable agriculture practices. The main purpose of this present study is to develop prediction models based on adaptive near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for rapid quantification of rice qualities in form of protein content. Rice samples were obtained from several paddy field in Aceh province with different cultivars. Near infrared spectral data of rice samples were acquired and in wavelength range from 1000 to 2500 nm and recorded as diffuse reflectance spectrum. Prediction models were established using principal component analysis (PCA), principal component analysis (PCR) and partial least square regression (PLSR). The results showed that NIRS combined with PCA can classify rice samples based on their cultivars. Moreover, this approach with PCR and PLSR can also predicted and determined protein contents with satisfactory performance achieving maximum correlation coefficient (r) of 0.81 and ratio prediction to deviation (RPD) index of 2.84 for PCR and r of 0.90 and RPD of 3.19 for PLSR respectively. Based on achieved results, it may conclude that adaptive NIRS approach can be used to quantify rice qualities rapidly and non-destructively.
Rapid determination of patchouli oil quality as a tropical plant using infrared technology
Authors: Zulfahrizal  , Muhammad Syaifullah , Munawar A A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Patchouli alcohol (PA) content is an important indication in the world patchouli oil trade. Testing the PA content of patchouli oil usually takes a long time and expensive, so that it greatly inhibits the activity of buying and selling patchouli oil in the community. Therefore the main objective of this study is to develop NIRS technology to estimate the PA content in Aceh patchouli oil purified rapidly and appropriately using PLSR and PCR methods. The sample in this study was patchouli oil which was purified into 20 types based on PA content. Laboratory test using GC-MS. Near infrared (NIR) spectrum of Patchouli oil samples were acquired and recorded using self-developed FT-IRIPTEK T-1516. The results showed that NIRS technology with PLSR and PCR methods provides a solution to solve the problem of PA content prediction in Aceh’s patchouli oil. SNV pretreatment is proven to improve prediction accuracy and robustness of the prediction model that built. The PLSR-SNV method succeeded in obtaining a prediction model that was categorized as very good model performance, while PCR-SNV method succeeded in obtaining a prediction model that was categorized as good model performance.
Interaction between mycorrhizal fertilizers and varieties to increase organic patchouli production in the Entisol soil of Aceh Besar
Authors: Syafruddin S , Syakur S , Saiful  , Safrida  , Sulaiman I , Munandar F A , Herlina C N 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the interaction effect of the use of mycorrhizal biofertilizers and varieties to increase the production of organic patchouli on the Entisol soil of Aceh Besar. This study used a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The first factor observed was mycorrhizal biofertilizer from the various genus, namely Glomus mosseae, Gigaspora sp. and the mixed genus of Glomus mosseae and Gigaspora sp. While the second factor is the use of varieties, namely Tapak Tuan and the Lhokseumawe variety. The results showed that the best interactions on the growth and production, P205 uptake, and oil content were found in the mixed mycorrhizal genus (Glomus mosseae + Gigaspora sp.) with the Tapak Tuan variety. From the patchouli alcohol content test results, the best results were obtained in a combination of mixed mycorrhizal biofertilizers and the Tapak Tuan variety by 30%.
The landscape concept of environment in Taman Gajah Mada Medan
Authors: Abus A F , Lubis T , Abus N A A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Taman Gajah Mada is an outdoor recreation landscape located on Jalan Gajah Mada Medan, North Sumatra. Residents around Medan use this landscape to carry out sports activities. Usually, Taman Gajah Mada is visited by visitors in the morning and evening. Visitors who come in the morning usually come to just exercise. Meanwhile, visitors who come in the afternoon typically sit around enjoying the afternoon atmosphere in this beautiful and clean garden. This study was qualitative, and the ethnography method was applied to collect and analyze the data. The analysis also deliberated the unity of multidiscipline landscape architects and landscape anthropology to explain the use of outdoor recreation in Taman Gajah Mada. This literature becomes a reference for research on the concept of public open space at Taman Gajah Mada to maintain cultural originality in the use of roars in the landscape. This study indicates three public open spaces, namely the buffer zone, transition zone, andcore zone. These three public open spaces can be grouped into two based on their function and purpose: general and special public open spaces. The general public open spaces such as transition zoneand core zonecan be utilized and used by the entire community, while special ones such as the Buffer Zone are buffer areas.
Water quality index and the sediment criteria due to anthropogenic activity in West Aceh District, Indonesia
Authors: Rahmatillah  , Meilina H , Ramli I 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The existence of river environmental components or sediment and river pollutions are influenced by domestic, industrial, and agricultural waste, it will reduce water quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the index of water quality and sedimentation due to anthropogenic activities. Pollution Index (PI) method for water quality and Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs) method for sedimentation. The Krueng Woyla and Krueng Meuruebo watersheds include have the highest intensity of anthropogenic activity at West Aceh District. Surrounding the Krueng Woyla watershed has illegal mining such as class C minerals like sand and stone and gold mining. In the Krueng Meureubo watershed, there are mining activities to dispose of company waste flowing through the Meureubo tributary accompanied by sand mining activities. These activities result in the pollution index (PI) calculation. It shows that there has been a decrease in the water quality of the Meuruebo and Woyla rivers with 1.0 <PI< 5.0 classified as lightly polluted river water quality conditions. The highest pollution index value is in the Krueng Meruebo downstream watershed which is 2.41 classified as “Slightly Polluted”. Based on the Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs) and equations for a mercury concentration of 0.915, it is found that sediment has medium a negative effect index of heavy metals on river biota.
Distance transform-watershed segmentation and multi-layer perceptron algorithm to separate touching orange fruit in digital images
Authors: Nasution I S , Keke C 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
An algorithm to separate touching oranges using a distance transform-watershed segmentation is presented. In this study, there are four classes of oranges, such as class A, B, C, and D, respectively. The size of each class is based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI), the sample used is 168 oranges of which 140 are for training and 28 oranges are for testing. The image of citrus fruits was captured using Kinect v2 camera with a camera resolution of 1920 × 1080 pixels, the distance from the camera to the background is 23 cm. The images were captured in PNG format. The watersheds were computed based on the distance transformed by orange regions. The corresponding basins were finally used to split the falsely connected corn kernel by intersecting the basins with the corn kernel regions. Experimental results show that the multi-layer perceptrons have classification accuracy rates of 92.85%. The algorithm appears to be robust enough to separate most of the multiple touching scenarios.
Dissemination of portable combining machine as appropriate technological adoption for corn farming in sloping region Study case: Gorontalo Province, Indonesia
Authors: Hariadi  , Djafar R , Staddal I , Liputo B 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Corn is vital crop cultivation in Gorontalo Province and becomes major export comodity from the agricultural sector. Most of corn farms are located in hilly and mountainous area known as sloping agriculture. The main aim of this study was to analyze the advantages of portable combine machine, peeling-thresher corn as appropriate technology, to support sloping agriculture, reduce cost production, and generate farmers income. This research was conducted in Tutuwoto village that involves two farmers group association (POKTAN) namely POKTAN Dusun Beringin and POKTAN Dusun Puncak. The POKTAN members stated that labour budget is the most expensive for corn production in their region. Dissemination of peeling-thresher machine is proven shorten of harvest and post-harvest steps in the current pattern. Results revealed that the technological input decreased 34.50% operational cost of harvest and post-harvest from Rp8,520,000 to Rp2,940,000. Furthermore, its application improved the farmers net profit 51.67% ha−1 and 85.01% ha−1 for own and loan capital respectively, in one growing season about 4 month. It is concluded that the proper equipment implemented in hilly farming reduces cost production and its implication redoubles revenue of the corn farmers.
Characterization of tannin based colorimetric indicator and its application on fish packaging
Authors: Erfiza N M , Purba N R , Ahda K , Sulaiman I , Rohaya S , Razi F 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study aims to determine characteristics of the gel-type colorimetric indicator at various pH and under different storage conditions, then determine the indicator characteristic in the packaging of fish fillets during storage. The gel-type color indicator was synthesized with a concentration of 1%, 3%, and 5% gambir powder. The FT-IR spectra of the color indicator showed the presence of tannin functional groups, namely C=C aromatic rings, C-C phenolic, and C-H groups, respectively at wavenumbers 1517-1519, 1440-1475, and 752-761 1/cm. Moreover, the coefficient value of the Red-Green-Blue (RGB) of the indicator was changed over pH and did not appear to be consistent. Based on the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test, the concentration of gambir powder and duration of color indicator storage, respectively, had a significant effect (P <0.05) on the value of the RGB coefficient. The color indicator exposed to sunlight had a smaller RGB coefficient value than the RGB coefficient value of the indicator stored at room temperature and 5-7°C. The application of color indicators with a 1% Gambir powder concentration in fish fillet storage has been tested for 5 days at a temperature of 5-7°C. They showed that the RGB coefficient value of the indicator was proportional to changes in the pH value of fish fillets but not in line with changes in Total Volatile Based Nitrogen (TVBN) of fish fillets.
Update on waste reduction performance by waste-to-energy incineration pilot plant PLTSa Bantargebang operations
Authors: Kristyawan I P A , Wiharja  , Shoiful A , Hendrayanto P A , Santoso A D 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Many big cities in Indonesia are facing the problem of municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal. PLTSa Merah Putih, a waste-to-energy incineration pilot plant, was built as an alternative solution to reduce waste. This study aims to evaluate the performance of PLTSa Merah Putih Bantargebang in reducing volume of waste. During the first semester of 2021, the pilot plant has been running for 174 days and a total of 5647.1 ton of waste was burned generating around 1000 ton of ash. Based on the feeding waste and generated ash, the pilot plant can reduce over 79% of waste, even with high moisture content. The furnace and grate temperature can be maintained at 800°C and 1000°C, respectively, to minimize harmful gases generation. This study showed that the waste reduction of PLTSa was comparable with the performance of other waste-to-energy pilot plants, which is in the range of 70-90%.