bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Potential of T Cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin-Domain Containing-3
(Tim-3) in Designing Novel Immunotherapy for Bladder Cancer
Authors: Mohsenzadegan Monireh , Bavandpour Parizad , Nowroozi Mohammad Reza , Amini Erfan , Kourosh-Arami Masoumeh , Momeni Seyed Ali , Bokaie Saied , Sharifi Laleh 
Published: March 2021

:
Targeting inhibitory receptors on T cells in the tumor sites can promote effective anti-tumor immunity in bladder cancer. Unfortunately, the main dilemma is that a large number of patients remain refractory to CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1 blockade therapies. T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (Tim-3) is an inhibitory receptor expressed on T cells and innate immune cells. Both in vivo and in vitro data from patients with advanced cancers support the role of Tim-3 inhibition in satisfactory anti-tumor immunity. In bladder cancer, the expression level of Tim-3 significantly increases with advanced pathological grade and T stage. Therefore, rationality implies that designing novel monoclonal antibodies reactive with Tim-3 alone or in combination with other checkpoint inhibitors may indicate a favorable response in bladder cancer. Here, we aimed to investigate the possibility of targeting Tim-3 as a novel anti-cancer treatment for bladder cancer.
Designing and Formulation Optimization of Hyaluronic Acid Conjugated PLGA Nanoparticles of Tamoxifen for Tumor Targeting
Authors: Paswan Suresh K. , Saini Tulsi R. , Jahan Sarwar , Ganesh Narayanan 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Tamoxifen is widely used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive
breast cancer. However, it is associated with severe side effects of cancerous proliferation on the
uterus endometrium. The tumor-targeting formulation strategies can effectively overcome drug
side effects of tamoxifen and provide safer drug treatment.

Objective:
This study aimed to design tumor-targeted PLGA nanoparticles of tamoxifen by attaching
hyaluronic acid (HA) as a ligand to actively target the CD44 receptors present at breast cancer
cells surface.

Methods:
PLGA-PEG-HA conjugate was synthesized in the laboratory and its tamoxifen loaded nanoparticles were fabricated and characterized by FTIR, NMR, DSC, and XRD analysis. Formulation optimization was done by Box- Behnken design using Design Expert software. The formulations were evaluated for in- vitro drug release and cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cell lines.

Results:
The particle size, PDI, and drug encapsulation efficiency of optimized nanoparticles were 294.8, 0.626, and 65.16% respectively. Optimized formulation showed 9.56 % burst release and sustained drug release for 8 h. The drug release was effected by non-fickian diffusion process supplemented further by erosion of polymeric matrix and followed korsmeyer-Peppas model. MTT cell line assay shows 47.48 % cell mortality when treated with tamoxifen loaded PLGA-PEG-HA nanoparticles.

Conclusion:
Hyaluronic acid conjugated PLGA-PEG nanoparticles of tamoxifen were designed for active targeting to breast cancerous cells. The results of MTT assay showed that tamoxifen nanoparticles formulation was more cytotoxic than tamoxifen drug alone which is attributed to their preferential uptake by cell lines by affinity of CD44 receptors of cell lines to HA ligand present in nanoparticles.
Recent Patents on the Detection Device for Surface Defects on Bearing
Balls
Authors: Pan Chengyi , Tang Junhong , Cao Guanqun , Hu Bingtao 
Published: March 2021

Background:
With the continuous pursuit of high-quality and high-precision bearings
in industrial production, the processing accuracy of bearing balls is increasing, and high surface
quality has become the most basic requirement for high-quality bearing balls. Studying the working
principle of the detection devices for surface defects on bearing balls is beneficial to improve
the surface accuracy of bearing balls and the quality of bearings.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to provide an overview of recent patents and methods
on the detection device for surface defects on bearing balls.

Methods:
This paper reviews various representative patents related to the detection devices for
surface defects on bearing balls. The advantages and disadvantages of the patents are also analyzed.

Results:
By tracing the characteristics of different types of the detection devices for surface defects
on bearing balls, the currently existing problems are concluded and analyzed, such as low detection
accuracy, low detection efficiency, and limited scope of application, etc. The future development
of patents on detection devices for surface defects on bearing balls is discussed.

Conclusion:
The optimization and development of detection devices for surface defects on
bearing balls are beneficial to improve the detection accuracy and efficiency of surface defects
on bearing balls, and are conducive to expanding the scope of application of the detection devices.
More related patents on detection devices of surface defects on bearing balls will be invented.
Applying A/B Testing to Clinical Decision Support: Rapid Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Austrian Jonathan , Mendoza Felicia , Szerencsy Adam , Fenelon Lucille , Horwitz Leora I , Jones Simon , Kuznetsova Masha , Mann Devin M 
Published: March 2021

Background
Clinical decision support (CDS) is a valuable feature of electronic health records (EHRs) designed to improve quality and safety. However, due to the complexities of system design and inconsistent results, CDS tools may inadvertently increase alert fatigue and contribute to physician burnout. A/B testing, or rapid-cycle randomized tests, is a useful method that can be applied to the EHR in order to rapidly understand and iteratively improve design choices embedded within CDS tools.

Objective
This paper describes how rapid randomized controlled trials (RCTs) embedded within EHRs can be used to quickly ascertain the superiority of potential CDS design changes to improve their usability, reduce alert fatigue, and promote quality of care.

Methods
A multistep process combining tools from user-centered design, A/B testing, and implementation science was used to understand, ideate, prototype, test, analyze, and improve each candidate CDS. CDS engagement metrics (alert views, acceptance rates) were used to evaluate which CDS version is superior.

Results
To demonstrate the impact of the process, 2 experiments are highlighted. First, after multiple rounds of usability testing, a revised CDS influenza alert was tested against usual care CDS in a rapid (~6 weeks) RCT. The new alert text resulted in minimal impact on reducing firings per patients per day, but this failure triggered another round of review that identified key technical improvements (ie, removal of dismissal button and firings in procedural areas) that led to a dramatic decrease in firings per patient per day (23.1 to 7.3). In the second experiment, the process was used to test 3 versions (financial, quality, regulatory) of text supporting tobacco cessation alerts as well as 3 supporting images. Based on 3 rounds of RCTs, there was no significant difference in acceptance rates based on the framing of the messages or addition of images.

Conclusions
These experiments support the potential for this new process to rapidly develop, deploy, and rigorously evaluate CDS within an EHR. We also identified important considerations in applying these methods. This approach may be an important tool for improving the impact of and experience with CDS.

Trial Registration
Flu alert trial: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03415425; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03415425. Tobacco alert trial: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03714191; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03714191
Twelve-Lead Electrocardiogram Acquisition With a Patchy-Type Wireless Device in Ambulance Transport: Simulation-Based Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yoon Sunyoung , Kim Taerim , Roh Taehwan , Chang Hansol , Hwang Sung Yeon , Yoon Hee , Shin Tae Gun , Sim Min Seob , Jo Ik Joon , Cha Won Chul 
Published: March 2021

Background
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Early recognition, diagnosis, and reperfusion are the key elements of treatment for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. The absence of a prehospital 12-lead electrocardiogram (P12ECG) can cause definitive treatment delay and repeated transfer. Although guidelines highly recommend the measurement and transmission of P12ECG data, P12ECG use has not been widely established.

Objective
The aim of this study was to verify the time-efficiency and feasibility of the use of a patchy-type 12-lead ECG measuring and transmitting device (P-ECG) by an emergency medical technician (EMT) in an ambulance during patient transport.

Methods
This was a simulation-based prospective randomized crossover-controlled study that included EMTs. The participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Group A began the experiment with a conventional 12-lead ECG (C-ECG) device and then switched to the intervention device (P-ECG), whereas group B began the experiment with the P-ECG and then switched to the C-ECG. All simulations were performed inside an ambulance driving at 30 km/h. The time interval was measured from the beginning of ECG application to completion of sending the results. After the simulation, participants were administered the System Usability Scale questionnaire about usability of the P-ECG.

Results
A total of 18 EMTs were recruited for this study with a median age of 35 years. The overall interval time for the C-ECG was 254 seconds (IQR 247-270), whereas the overall interval time for the P-ECG was 130 seconds (IQR 112-150), with a significant difference (P<.001). Significant differences between the C-ECG and P-ECG were identified at all time intervals, in which the P-ECG device was significantly faster in all intervals, except for the preparation interval in which the C-ECG was faster (P=.03).

Conclusions
Performance of 12-lead ECG examination and transmission of the results using P-ECG are faster than those of C-ECG during ambulance transport. With the additional time afforded, EMTs can provide more care to patients and transport patients more rapidly, which may help reduce the symptoms-to-balloon time for patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04114760; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04114760
Do Your Students Know What They Don't Know? An Accounting Competencies Strategy
Authors: Butler Maureen G. , Church Kimberly Swanson , King Gail Hoover , Spencer Angela Wheeler 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
This experiential learning strategy engages students to increase awareness of professional core competencies recommended by professional organizations. This activity allows students across the accounting curriculum to explore competencies to bridge the professional skills gap and develop a plan to acquire these necessary skills. The strategy activities include (1) initial class discussion; (2) personal SWOT analysis; (3) research of a professional competency framework; (4) personal assessment of competencies, including demonstrative examples, analysis of personal skill development experiences and self-rating of skills; (5) reflective group discussion to identify gaps in individual student's skills assessment; (6) individual competency development plan for underrated skills; and (7) summary discussion of strategies for how to acquire/improve skills for career success. The result of this activity is that students are introduced to a process they can use throughout their academic and professional careers to facilitate the acquisition of necessary skills for success as an accounting professional.
The Role of Subjectivity in Mitigating Incentive Contracting Risks
Authors: Lillis Anne M. , Malina Mary A. , Mundy Julia 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
We examine how subjectivity in performance measurement and reward systems (PMRS) is used to mitigate incentive contracting risks. Drawing on data from 38 interviews with supervisory and subordinate managers in four firms, we provide a more comprehensive explanation of the role of subjectivity in risk mitigation than is evident in the prior literature. We provide empirical evidence of the importance firms place on the use of subjectivity to mitigate the risk of incentive misalignment and employee sorting errors relative to its well-documented role in mitigating employee compensation risk. We find that incentive misalignment arising from unanticipated behavioral responses to performance measures is a particularly important risk, managed through subjective performance assessments. The extent of subjectivity we observe poses a significant risk of errors and bias. We observe that both vertical and horizontal information gathering and review by calibration panels are key strategies to mitigate the downside risk of subjectivity.
JEL Classifications: M49; M55; M52; M51.
From Accounting to Economics: The Role of Aggregate Special Items in Gauging the State of the Economy
Authors: Abdalla Ahmed M. , Carabias Jose M. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
We propose and find that aggregate special items conveys more information about future real GDP growth than aggregate earnings before special items because the former contains advance news about future economic outcomes. A two-stage rational expectations test reveals that professional forecasters fully understand the information content of aggregate earnings before special items, but underestimate that of aggregate special items when revising their GDP forecasts. Using vector autoregressions, we show that aggregate earnings before special items has predictive ability for GDP because, as suggested by previous literature, it acts as a proxy for corporate profits included in national income. In contrast, aggregate special items captures changes in the behavior of economic agents on a timely basis, which, in turn, have real effects on firms' investment and hiring, as well as consumers' wealth and spending. Consistent with news-driven business cycles, we find that aggregate special items produces synchronized movements across macroeconomic aggregates.
JEL Classifications: E01; E32; E60; M41.
Effective Tax Planning
Authors: Schwab Casey M. , Stomberg Bridget , Williams Brian M. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
We use data envelopment analysis (DEA) to develop a measure of effective tax planning that is theoretically aligned with the Scholes-Wolfson paradigm and captures how efficiently firms maximize after-tax returns given their operating, investing, and financing decisions. We then (1) document that the measure is associated with higher after-tax returns to provide assurance DEA achieves its objective in our setting, (2) demonstrate that the measure is incremental to cash ETRs in predicting after-tax returns, (3) validate the measure by showing its association with lower tax and non-tax costs, and (4) provide evidence that the measure captures something about taxes distinct from overall firm performance. This measure is useful to researchers given the known limitations of ETRs as a measure of tax planning.
Data Availability: Tax Effectiveness values are available on the authors' websites.
Type 2 Diabetes Subgroups, Risk for Complications, and Differential Effects Due to an Intensive Lifestyle Intervention
Authors: Bancks Michael P. , Chen Haiying , Balasubramanyam Ashok , Bertoni Alain G. , Espeland Mark A. , Kahn Steven E. , Pilla Scott , Vaughan Elizabeth , Wagenknecht Lynne E. ,   the Look AHEAD Research Group
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVE
We reevaluated the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) intervention, incorporating diabetes subgroups, to identify whether intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) is associated with differential risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) by diabetes subgroup.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In the Look AHEAD trial, 5,145 participants, aged 45–76 years, with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and overweight or obesity were randomly assigned to 10 years of ILI or a control condition of diabetes support and education. The ILI focused on weight loss through decreased caloric intake and increased physical activity. To characterize diabetes subgroups, we applied k-means clustering to data on age of diabetes diagnosis, BMI, waist circumference, and glycated hemoglobin. We examined whether relative intervention effects on the trial’s prespecified CVD outcomes varied among diabetes subgroups.

RESULTS
We characterized four subgroups related to older age at diabetes onset (42% of sample), poor glucose control (14%), severe obesity (24%), and younger age at diabetes onset (20%). We observed interactions (all P &lt; 0.05) between intervention and diabetes subgroups for three separate composite cardiovascular outcomes. Randomization to ILI was associated with increased risk for each cardiovascular outcome only among the poor-glucose-control subgroup (hazard ratio &gt;1.32). Among the three other diabetes subgroups, ILI was not associated with increased risk for CVD.

CONCLUSIONS
Among overweight and obese adults with T2D, a lifestyle intervention was associated with differential risk for CVD that was dependent on diabetes subgroup. Diabetes subgroups may be important to identify the patients who would achieve benefit and avoid harm from an ILI.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN VARIASI Azolla microphylla PADA PAKAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN IKAN BAUNG SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR BIOLOGI
Authors: Rahayu Untung Tri , Santoso Handoko , Achyani Achyani 
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian variasi Azolla microphylla pada pakan terhadap pertumbuhan ikan baung. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini adalah pemberian variasi Azolla pada pakan. Pakan dengan Variasi Azolla 1000g, Azolla 2000g dan Azolla 3000g. Parameter yang diukur dalam penelitian ini meliputi laju pertumbuhan bobot ikan, panjang ikan, dengan data pendukung berupa kelulushidupan ikan, dan kualitas air pada media pemeliharaan. Data utama kemuadian ditabulasi dan dianalisis menggunakan aplikasi SPSS yang meliputi Analisis Ragam One Way Anava. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan uji laboratorium berupa uji kandungan protein pada pakan ikan baung yang di gunakan selama pengamatan. Pengujian kandungan protein pada pakan dilakukan di Laboratorium Analisis Politeknik Negeri Lampung. Berdasarkan Hasil analisis ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa pemberian variasi Azolla microphylla pada pakan memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan bobot dan pertumbuhan panjang ikan baung (P<0,05). Persentase kelangsungan hidup ikan baung selama penelitian mencapai 64,4-66,6%. Suhu yang didapat selama penelitian berkisar 28,65-29,50C. Sedangkan pH yang didapat selama penelitian berkisar 6,9-7,2.
UJI SINERGIS KONSORSIA BAKTERI INDIGEN LCN DENGAN KONSORSIA BAKTERI TANAH DI KEBUN PERCOBAAN UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH METRO SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR BIOLOGI
Authors: Rifai M Rustam - , Widowati Hening , Sutanto Agus 
Published: March 2021

Abstract: Antagonistic bacteria in the activities of one organism with other organisms compete with each other in fighting over places, air, water, food (nutrients). If the bacteria do not compete with each other but those bacteria can interact and synergize, and share the same nutritional sources and behave cooperatively between bacteria in their habitat. It is said to be synergisticThe goal is to find out the 15 consortia of LCN indigenous bacteria with soil bacteria can be synergistic so, it can be consortified. To utilize the synergistic test results of the consortia of LCN indigen bacteria with soil bacteria as a source of learning biology. The research design is a quantitative experiment . Synergistic test using Streak Plate Method on Nutrient Agar medium. The test results show that X2value 56.86> X2table 23.68 with α 0.05 in the chi-square table, so it can be concluded that there is a synergy between LCN Indigenous Bacteria and Soil Bacteria. The validation results show that the microbiology practicum guide with 96% results has a very good qualification so, it is suitable as a biology learning source in the form of a microbiology practicum guide based on scientific approach.
PENGARUH PENDEKATAN TERPADU (INTEGRATED APPROACH) DAN BERPIKIR KREATIF TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI ILMIAH PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Kurniawan Kurniawan , Achyani Achyani , Widowati Hening 
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study is to see the effect of an integrated approach and creative thinking on the scientific communication skills of students of class VIII of SMP Negeri 1 Bumi Agung Way Kanan Lampung. The expected benefits of this study are to get creative thinking and have scientific communication skills for students in learning. This research is quantitative with Quasi Experimental type research with 2 x 2 factorial design using Posttest Control Only Group Design research. The results obtained include: The value of scientific communication shows the influence of an integrated approach to the scientific communication skills of students. The results of scientific communication of students who are given action show better than the results of scientific communication of students who are not given action. Through an integrated approach learners are

motivated and enthusiastic about learning. Creative thinking abilities possessed by students can not reflect the ability of scientific communication they have. High or low creative thinking skills possessed by students can not be a determinant or benchmark of written scientific communication skills possessed by students. The scientific communication skills of students are influenced by internal and external factors of students. Both of these affect the results of scientific communication written by students. Thus concluded learning with an integrated approach can affect students' scientific communication skills, there is no influence of creative thinking on students' scientific communication skills, and there is no interaction between integrated approaches and creative thinking on students' written scientific communication skills.
EFEKTIVITAS VARIASI KONSENTRASI EKSTRAK DAGING BUAH BINTARO SEBAGAI INSEKTISIDA LEPIDOPTERA PADA BAWANG DAUN SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Kurniawan Andi , Muhfahroyin Muhfahroyin , Sutanto Agus 
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas variasi konsentrasi ekstrak daging buah bintaro (Carberra odollam) sebagai insektisida ulat grayak (Lepidoptera) pada tanaman bawang daun (Allium fistulosum L) Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian ini jenis eksperimen yang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Dalam rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan 4 taraf yaitu perlakuan dengan,konsentrasi ekstrak 1%, 1,5%, 2% dan kontrol menggunakan insektisida berbahan aktif Tenano, tiap perlakuan dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak 3 kali sehingga jumlah percobaan yang akan dilakukan sebanyak 12 kali. Hasil analisis menunjukkan: (1) Pemberian variasi ekstrak buah bintaro berpengaruh tehadap pertumbuhan mortalias ulat grayak. Berdasarkan hasil analisi nilai sig. 0,000< 0,05 yang berarti pemberian variasi ekstrak buah bintaro dengan dosis berbeda berpengaruh terhadap mortalitas ulat grayak. (2) Variasi penambahan ekstrak buah bintaro menyebabkan mortalitas yang berbeda-beda. Mortalitas terbaik pada perlakuan P0V3 dengan pemberian variasi ekstrak sebanyak 2% dan terendah pada perlakuan P0V1 pemberian ekstrak 1%. (3) Aktivitas bioinsektisida ekstrak metanol buah bintaro terhadap mortalitas ulat grayak rendah. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi yang digunakan maka semakin tinggi pula mortalitas ulat grayak. Aktivitas bioinsektisida ekstrak metanol buah bintaro terhadap mortalitas ulat grayak rendah. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi yang digunakan maka semakin tinggi pula mortalitas ulat grayak.