bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antifungal prophylaxis for prevention of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients: an observational study
Authors: Hatzl Stefan , Reisinger Alexander C. , Posch Florian , Prattes Juergen , Stradner Martin , Pilz Stefan , Eller Philipp , Schoerghuber Michael , Toller Wolfgang , Gorkiewicz Gregor , Metnitz Philipp , Rief Martin , Prüller Florian , Rosenkranz Alexander R. , Valentin Thomas , Krause Robert , Hoenigl Martin , Schilcher Gernot 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) emerged as important fungal complications in patients with COVID-19-associated severe acute respiratory failure (ARF). Whether mould active antifungal prophylaxis (MAFP) can prevent CAPA remains elusive so far.MethodsIn this observational study, we included all consecutive patients admitted to intensive care units with COVID-19-associated ARF between September 1, 2020, and May 1, 2021. We compared patients with versus without antifungal prophylaxis with respect to CAPA incidence (primary outcome) and mortality (secondary outcome). Propensity score adjustment was performed to account for any imbalances in baseline characteristics. CAPA cases were classified according to European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)/International Society of Human and Animal Mycoses (ISHAM) consensus criteria.ResultsWe included 132 patients, of whom 75 (57%) received antifungal prophylaxis (98% posaconazole). Ten CAPA cases were diagnosed, after a median of 6 days following ICU admission. Of those, 9 CAPA cases were recorded in the non-prophylaxis group and one in the prophylaxis group, respectively. However, no difference in 30-day ICU mortality could be observed. Thirty-day CAPA incidence estimates were 1.4% (95% CI 0.2–9.7) in the MAFP group and 17.5% (95% CI 9.6–31.4) in the group without MAFP (p = 0.002). The respective subdistributional hazard ratio (sHR) for CAPA incidence comparing the MAFP versus no MAFP group was of 0.08 (95% CI 0.01–0.63;p = 0.017).ConclusionIn ICU patients with COVID-19 ARF, antifungal prophylaxis was associated with significantly reduced CAPA incidence, but this did not translate into improved survival. Randomized controlled trials are warranted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MAFP with respect to CAPA incidence and clinical outcomes.
Electro-acupuncture for irritable bowel syndrome patients: study protocol for a single-blinded randomized sham-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Zhong Linda L. D. , Lam Tsz Fung , Yang Wei , Zheng Ya , Lyu Zipan , Bian Zhaoxiang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders in clinical practice. IBS diagnosis is based on symptoms defined by abdominal pain or discomfort associated with defecation or changes in bowel habits. Gut-brain interaction caused by stress or depressive emotion is one of the essential pathologies. Acupuncture has been used for the treatment of internal medicine, including digestive disorders and depressive disorders in Chinese medicine. This study aims to determine whether electro-acupuncture could have significant benefits than sham acupuncture for IBS.

Methods/design
This is a single-blinded randomized sham-controlled clinical trial with two arms. A total of 120 IBS patients will be recruited. After a 2-week run-in period, eligible subjects will be randomly assigned to one of two arms, acupuncture (AC) arm and sham acupuncture (SAC) arm. Each eligible subject will go through a 2-week run-in-period, 6-week treatment period, and 6-week follow-up period. Five visits in total were scheduled for each subject in week 0, week 2, week 5, week 8, and week 14. The outcomes would be measured with (1) IBS-SSS, (2) Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), (3) Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S), (4) Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and (5) IBS Quality of Life (IBS-QoL).

Discussion
The study will compare electro-acupuncture with sham acupuncture to explore the feasibility of electro-acupuncture in improving IBS symptoms.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.govNCT04387383. Registered on 13 May 2020
Optimizing nutrition and oral health for caregivers—intervention protocol
Authors: Nykänen Irma , Välimäki Tarja , Suominen Liisa , Schwab Ursula 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The focus of care has shifted from institutional care to home care. Family caregivers provide the majority of home care that allows an opportunity for their care recipients to live at home and avoid costly institutional care. The aim of this study is to describe the nutritional status, oral health, and quality of life of family caregivers over the age of 65 and their care recipients, and to evaluate the impact of individually tailored diet and oral health advice to their nutritional status and oral health.

Methods/design
Altogether, 250 family caregivers aged 65 or over, and their care recipients are studied in this prospective randomized population-based multidisciplinary 6-month intervention study. Participants are randomly allocated to the intervention groups or the control group. Data collection is performed at three time-points: at baseline and 6 months and after a 6-month follow-up at 12 months. Caregivers’ and their care recipients’ nutritional and oral health status as a primary outcome, and functional ability, cognitive status, quality of life, depression symptoms, sense of coherence, morbidity, and medication of family caregivers as secondary outcomes will be measured using validated self-administered questionnaires and clinical examinations.

Discussion
To our knowledge, this is the first experiment to determine whether caregivers and their care recipients benefit from individual nutritional intervention and oral health intervention in terms of nutrition status, oral health status, and quality of life.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04003493. Registered on June 28, 2019
Multi-centre, randomised non-inferiority trial of early treatment versus expectant management of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants (the BeNeDuctus trial): statistical analysis plan
Authors: Hundscheid Tim , Donders Rogier , Onland Wes , Kooi Elisabeth M. W. , Vijlbrief Daniel C. , de Vries Willem B. , Nuytemans Debbie H. G. M. , van Overmeire Bart , Mulder Antonius L. , de Boode Willem P. ,   on behalf of the BeNeDuctus trial study group, Dijk Peter H. , van Kaam Anton H. L. C. , de Baat Tessa , Dijkman Koen P. , Villamor Eduardo , Kroon André A. , Visser Remco , de Tollenaer Susanne M. , Cools Filip , Meeus Marisse , Johansson Anne-Britt , Derriks Frank , Hocq Catheline , Zecic Alexandra , Henriksen Tine Brink , Kyng Kasper Jacobsen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Controversy exists about the optimal management of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants. A persistent PDA is associated with neonatal mortality and morbidity, but causality remains unproven. Although both pharmacological and/or surgical treatment are effective in PDA closure, this has not resulted in an improved neonatal outcome. In most preterm infants, a PDA will eventually close spontaneously, hence PDA treatment potentially increases the risk of iatrogenic adverse effects. Therefore, expectant management is gaining interest, even in the absence of convincing evidence to support this strategy.

Methods/design
The BeNeDuctus trial is a multicentre, randomised, non-inferiority trial assessing early pharmacological treatment (24–72 h postnatal age) with ibuprofen versus expectant management of PDA in preterm infants in Europe. Preterm infants with a gestational age of less than 28 weeks and an echocardiographic-confirmed PDA with a transductal diameter of > 1.5 mm are randomly allocated to early pharmacological treatment with ibuprofen or expectant management after parental informed consent.
The primary outcome measure is the composite outcome of mortality, and/or necrotizing enterocolitis Bell stage ≥ IIa, and/or bronchopulmonary dysplasia, all established at a postmenstrual age of 36 weeks. Secondary short-term outcomes are comorbidity and adverse events assessed during hospitalization and long-term neurodevelopmental outcome assessed at a corrected age of 2 years. This statistical analysis plan focusses on the short-term outcome and is written and submitted without knowledge of the data.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NTR5479. Registered on October 19, 2015, with the Dutch Trial Registry, sponsored by the United States National Library of Medicine Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02884219 (registered May 2016) and the European Clinical Trials Database EudraCT 2017-001376-28.
Kinetic analysis of pathogenicity and tissue tropism of gyrovirus 3 in experimentally infected chickens
Authors: Li Gen , Zhou Defang , Zhao Manda , Liu Qing , Hao Xiaojing , Yan Tianxing , Yuan Shiyu , Zhang Shicheng , Cheng Ziqiang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGyrovirus 3 (GyV3), the third novel emerging species of the genus Gyrovirus of the Anelloviridae family, has been described in multiple hosts. Epidemiologically, there are suggestions that GyV3 is associated with diarrhea/proventriculitis, however, no direct causal evidence exists between GyV3 infection and specific clinical diseases. Herein, we infected special pathogen-free (SPF) chickens with GyV3, and then assessed the pathogenicity and tissue tropism. The results revealed that GyV3 induced persistent infection characterized by diarrhea, aplastic anemia, immunosuppression, and persistent systemic lymphocytic inflammation. Clinically, the infected chickens presented ruffled feathers, diarrhea, anemia, and weight loss. Aplastic anemia was characterized by progressive depletion of hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow, immunosuppression was associated with atrophy of the thymus, spleen, and bursa of Fabricious, progressive lymphocytic inflammations were characterized by proventriculitis, adrenalitis, pancreatitis, hepatitis, nephritis, and bronchitis. Viral loads of GyV3 in tissues exhibited “M”, “N”, “W” or “V” type dynamic changes. The highest level of viral loads was reported in bone marrow at 7dpi, followed by the adrenal gland at 2 dpi, the sciatic nerve at 7 dpi, and bile at 35 dpi. The bone marrow and kidney demonstrate the strongest immunostaining of GyV3-VP1 antigen and were suggested as the target tissues of GyV3. Collectively, GyV3 is an immunosuppressive pathogenic virus that targets the bone marrow and kidney in chickens. Exploring the pathogenicity and tissue tropism of GyV3 will guide the basic understanding of the biology of GyV3 and its pathogenesis in chickens.
Multiple solutions for a quasilinear Schrödinger–Poisson system
Authors: Zhang Jing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this article, we consider the following quasilinear Schrödinger–Poisson system
$$ \textstyle\begin{cases} -\Delta u+V(x)u-u\Delta (u^{2})+K(x)\phi (x)u=g(x,u), \quad x\in \mathbb{R}^{3}, \\ -\Delta \phi =K(x)u^{2}, \quad x\in \mathbb{R}^{3}, \end{cases} $$

{

−
Δ
u
+
V
(
x
)
u
−
u
Δ
(

u
2

)
+
K
(
x
)
ϕ
(
x
)
u
=
g
(
x
,
u
)
,

x
∈

R
3

,

−
Δ
ϕ
=
K
(
x
)

u
2

,

x
∈

R
3

,

where $V,K:\mathbb{R}^{3}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$
V
,
K
:

R
3

→
R
and $g:\mathbb{R}^{3}\times \mathbb{R}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$
g
:

R
3

×
R
→
R
are continuous functions; g is of subcritical growth and has some monotonicity properties. The purpose of this paper is to find the ground state solution of (0.1), i.e., a nontrivial solution with the least possible energy by taking advantage of the generalized Nehari manifold approach, which was proposed by Szulkin and Weth. Furthermore, infinitely many geometrically distinct solutions are gained while g is odd in u.
Asymptotic behavior for a viscoelastic Kirchhoff equation with distributed delay and Balakrishnan–Taylor damping
Authors: Choucha Abdelbaki , Boulaaras Salah 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA nonlinear viscoelastic Kirchhoff-type equation with Balakrishnan–Taylor damping and distributed delay is studied. By the energy method we establish the general decay rate under suitable hypothesis.
Effect of diabetes self-management education program on glycemic control in diabetic patients attending the family medicine outpatient clinic, Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia, Egypt
Authors: Emara Reham Abo , Hamed Madeha , Awad Mohamed , Zeid Wael 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease with debilitating complications. Patients with diabetes are recommended to take various self-management decisions and carry out complex care activities. Diabetes self-management education (DSME) and support help people with diabetes to take these decisions and activities to improve health outcomes. DSME may serve as the basis to minimize and avoid catastrophic diabetes-related complications and the resulting financial and personal costs associated with this disorder. We aimed to assess the effect of diabetes self-management education program on glycemic control on patients with diabetes. A quasi-experimental pre-post study was conducted at the family medicine clinic in Suez Canal University hospital, Ismailia, Egypt. A total of 116 patients with uncontrolled DM were recruited by a simple random technique after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants were subjected to a 12-week health education program (1 session/week). The sessions focused on areas of diabetes self-management based on the American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines. The glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was assessed at baseline and again at the end of the program. Also, self-care activities were evaluated pre-post intervention using the Arabic version of the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) instrument which measured the activities related to diet, exercise, blood sugar testing, foot care, and medications.

Results
The mean age of participants was 47 years (± 11.54), male patients represented 54%. About two-thirds (67%) were from urban areas and came from a middle socioeconomic level. About half of the participants (51.7%) were diagnosed as diabetics for 5–10 years duration. More than half (52.7%) were on combination therapy of insulin and oral antidiabetic drugs. After the intervention program, there was a statistically significant decrease in HbA1c level (p value < 0.001), and 21% of the participants reached the ADA treatment goal for HbA1c below 7.

Conclusion
Appropriate DSME programs are practical and have a benefit to patients with diabetes.
Four Gestures toward a Trans-Mad Aesthetic of Space
Authors: Crawford Lucas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article argues for what the author calls a trans-mad aesthetic of space, defined as designs or artworks that embark, sense, emote, and collect, in ways that queerly disrupt the norms of the public sphere. These four aesthetic operations resist, in turn, four current affective/spatial norms of mental health treatment: confinement, rationality, repression, and an individualizing model of madness. As part of unfolding this model for a trans-mad aesthetic, the article asserts that the link between transgender and madness (as categories) is not merely one of addition—say, people who are both transgender and mad—but, rather, one of mutual constitution. To make these suggestions, the article engages an eccentric archive that includes posters that advocate transgender depathologization, Greek mythologies of gendered madness, government legislation about sexual sterilization, and psych ward design protocols. Its two key case studies, however, are artistic: Hannah Hull and James Leadbitter's “Madlove: A Designer Asylum” and the oeuvre of Montreal performance artist Coral Short.
On Stalling and Turning
Authors: Stryker Susan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This series of elliptically interrelated autotheoretical vignettes offers a “wayward genealogy” of how the author came to be involved in the Stalled! public toilet redesign project and what that project entails. The article revolves around observations of the actions of stalling and turning and of the spatial imaginaries that make these actions both necessary and legible in a variety of contexts—of watching pelicans dive into the Pacific Ocean, living on the grounds of the Dachau concentration camp, encountering transphobic feminism, researching San Francisco's urban history, and reading psychoanalytic theory, among others. After describing the origins of the Stalled! project in recent public discourse on “transgender toilets,” and its practical designs for abolishing the gender binary in space, the article suggests that concepts of transness make sense only in relation to a spatial configuration on which the logic of the term depends: it requires difference and separation as a precondition of its transversal operations, even as it demonstrates how other arrangements—other floor plans, not just of sex and gender but of space and time and sociality—are possible.
Mexican-Origin Women's Construction and Navigation of Racialized Identities: Implications for Health Amid Restrictive Immigrant Policies
Authors: LeBrón Alana M. W. , Schulz Amy J. , Gamboa Cindy , Reyes Angela , Viruell-Fuentes Edna , Israel Barbara A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study examines how Mexican-origin women construct and navigate racialized identities in a postindustrial northern border community during a period of prolonged restrictive immigration and immigrant policies, and it considers mechanisms by which responses to racialization may shape health. This grounded theory analysis involves interviews with 48 Mexican-origin women in Detroit, Michigan, who identified as being in the first, 1.5, or second immigrant generation. In response to institutions and institutional agents using racializing markers to assess their legal status and policing access to health-promoting resources, women engaged in a range of strategies to resist being constructed as an “other.” Women used the same racializing markers or symbols of (il)legality that had been used against them as a malleable set of resources to resist processes of racialization and to form, preserve, and affirm their identities. These responses include constructing an authorized immigrant identity, engaging in immigration advocacy, and resisting stigmatizing labels. These strategies may have different implications for health over time. Findings indicate the importance of addressing policies that promulgate or exacerbate racialization of Mexican-origin communities and other communities who experience growth through migration. Such policies include creating pathways to legalization and access to resources that have been invoked in racialization processes, such as state-issued driver's licenses.
Darwin's Orchids
Authors: Schaefer Donovan O. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIs there a queer Darwin? It is often assumed that Darwinian biology is an ally of conservative approaches to sexuality and gender. The Christian legal framework known as natural law philosophy, for instance, reads Darwin as a champion of heterosexual coupling, proving the biological imperative of straight sex. Some feminist readings of Darwin (such as that of Elizabeth Grosz) find in Darwin a confirmation of the necessity of sexual difference organized around masculinity and femininity—an approach Myra Hird has called the “ontology of heterosexuality.” But these interpretations are incorrect. Schaefer argues that far from being an advocate for the ontology of heterosexuality, Darwin provides tools to demolish it. Turning to his research on barnacles and orchids and his speculation on the sources of organic variation, this essay highlights the irreducible importance of diversity and change for Darwin's framework. The ongoing ferment of variation that is the guideline of all life on earth extends not only to the morphology of sex organs but to desire itself. Darwin shows that the ontology of heterosexuality is an arbitrary snapshot, a single moment in the fluid trajectory of life, rather than a law that can be arbitrarily cast over the whole arc. In this, Darwin supports Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick's first axiom for queer theory: “People are different from each other.” The essay concludes by connecting a Darwinian approach to sex with José Esteban Muñoz's call for a queer ecstasy that anticipates the futurity of desire.
HiraethiJan Morris
Authors: Gwenffrewi Gina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWithin transgender studies, Jan Morris casts a problematic shadow, with Aren Aizura identifying how “Morris's entire literary and historical oeuvre . . . [is] a tacit articulation of a British colonial ideology.” Yet this position appears to be based on Morris's works between the 1950s and 1970s, up to and including her memoir Conundrum, and represents arguably only the first of three periods in Morris's writing. This essay argues that two subsequent periods diversify our understanding of Morris as a complex, transcultural figure: her broadly leftist, anticolonial writing on Wales and the Welsh language (1980s–90s), and then in the twenty-first century when Morris increasingly appears to question the colonial, nationalist, and cisheteropatriarchal ideologies that have shaped her previous writing. This essay concludes that Morris's body of work provides valuable evidence as to the complex interplay of Welsh, British, and European conceptions of gender that characterize her attitude and writing on transgender identity.
Regulation of hemidesmosome dynamics and cell signaling by integrin α6β4
Authors: te Molder Lisa , de Pereda Jose M. , Sonnenberg Arnoud 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Hemidesmosomes (HDs) are specialized multiprotein complexes that connect the keratin cytoskeleton of epithelial cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM). In the skin, these complexes provide stable adhesion of basal keratinocytes to the underlying basement membrane. Integrin α6β4 is a receptor for laminins and plays a vital role in mediating cell adhesion by initiating the assembly of HDs. In addition, α6β4 has been implicated in signal transduction events that regulate diverse cellular processes, including proliferation and survival. In this Review, we detail the role of α6β4 in HD assembly and beyond, and we discuss the molecular mechanisms that regulate its function.