bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthcare personnel knowledge, motivations, concerns and intentions regarding COVID-19 vaccines: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Jain Vivek , Doernberg Sarah B. , Holubar Marisa , Huang Beatrice , Marquez Carina , Brown Lillian , Rubio Luis , Sample Hannah A. , Bollyky Jenna , Padda Guntas , Valdivieso Daisy , Kempema Amanda , Leung Christopher , Sklar Matthew , Julien Aida , Paoletti Marcus , Jaladanki Sravya , Wan Emerald , Ghahremani Jacob , Chao Jessica , Weng Yingjie , Lu Di , Glidden David , Grumbach Kevin , Maldonado Yvonne , Rutherford George 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundHealthcare personnel (HCP) are prioritized for earliest SARS-CoV-2 vaccine administration, yet relatively few data exist on HCP’s knowledge, motivations, concerns, and intentions regarding COVID-19 vaccines.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey Nov.16-Dec.8, 2020 among HCP enrolled in a cohort study at three Northern California medical centers serving diverse roles including COVID-19 patient care. Eligible HCP were adult (age≥18) on-site employees of the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, and Stanford Healthcare. A one-time electronically-administered survey was sent to cohort HCP on November 16, 2020 and responses analyzed.ResultsOverall, among 2,448 HCP invited, 2,135 completed the COVID-19 vaccine survey (87.2% response rate). HCPs had mean age 41 years, were 73% female, and had diverse jobs including COVID-19 patient contact. Enthusiasm for vaccination was overall strong, and more HCP (1,453, 69%) said they would definitely/likely receive vaccine if formally FDA-approved versus if approved via emergency use authorization only (785, 35%). While 541 (25%) respondents wanted to be among the earliest to receive vaccine, more desired vaccination after the first round (777, 36%) or >2 months after vaccinations began (389, 18%). Top factors increasing motivation for vaccination included perceiving risk from COVID-19 to self (1,382, 65%) or to family/friends (1355, 63%). Top concerns were vaccine side effects, cited by 596 (28%), and concerns about political involvement in FDA’s approval process (249, 12%).ConclusionsHCP were enthusiastic about COVID-19 vaccination for individual protection and protecting others, but harbored concerns about vaccine side effects. Our data may inform emerging vaccine education campaigns.Key PointsAmong 2,135 healthcare personnel surveyed, we found enthusiasm for COVID-19 vaccination both for individual benefit and protecting others. However, healthcare personnel rated their knowledge of COVID-19 vaccines as only moderate and harbored concerns about vaccine side effects. Education raising awareness of vaccine efficacy and side effects may help maximize vaccine uptake.
Association between Intimate Partner Violence and Nutritional Status of Children: A Systematic Review and Mata-Analysis
Authors: Khanna Anoop , Singh J P , Sharma Neeraj 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionIntimate Partner Violence (IPV) against women is a universal problem and an important social determinant of health. Studies indicate a relationship between maternal exposure to IPV and negative pregnancy and child health outcomes. The present review is aimed at doing a comprehensive review to assess the evidence for the association of IPV with the nutritional status of children.MethodologyData on the association between IPV and nutritional outcomes were extracted from 24 studies. Separate sub-group analyses were conducted for studies measuring IPV and different nutritional measures (Stunting, Underweight, and Wasting). A random-effect model was used for analysing the effect-size and the pooled effect for each subgroup.FindingsThe pooled estimates of ‘any violence’ [OR=1.16 (1.08-1.25)], ‘physical violence’ [OR=1.12 (1.07-1.18)] and ‘sexual violence’ [OR=1.21 (1.03-1.43)] indicated significant relationship with nutritional status of children. The relationship was found significant for stunting and underweight, but not for wasting. Values of I2 indicated a high level of heterogeneity across the studies on stunting and underweight.ConclusionThe present review contributes to a better understanding of the nutritional outcomes for children exposed to maternal IPV. It emphasises the need to intervene for improving the well-being of these individuals as children and, subsequently, as adults.
Associations between health literacy and sociodemographic factors: A cross-sectional study in Malaysia utilising the HLS-M-Q18
Authors: Azlan Arina Anis , Hamzah Mohammad Rezal , Sern Tham Jen , Ayub Suffian Hadi , Ahmad Abdul Latiff , Mohamad Emma 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHealth literacy is progressively seen as an indicator to describe a nation’s health status. To improve health literacy, countries need to address health inequalities by examining different social demographic factors across the population. This assessment is crucial to identify and evaluate strengths and limitations of a country in addressing health issues. By addressing these health inequalities, a country would be better informed to take necessary steps to improve the nation’s health literacy. This study examines health literacy levels in Malaysia and analyses socio-demographic factors that are associated with health literacy. A cross-sectional survey was carried out using the HLS-M-Q18 instrument which was validated for the Malaysian population. Multi-stage random sampling strategy was used in this study utilising several sampling techniques including quota sampling, cluster sampling and simple random sampling to allow random data collection. A total of 855 respondents were sampled. Results found significant associations between health literacy and age, health status and health problems. Findings also suggest that lower health literacy levels were found to be associated with the younger generation. The findings of this study have provided baseline data of the health literacy of Malaysians and provide evidence toward potential areas of intervention.
Anti-cardiolipin and other anti-phospholipid antibodies in critically ill COVID-19 positive and negative patients
Authors: Trahtemberg Uriel , Rottapel Robert , Santos Claudia C dos , Slutsky Arthur S. , Baker Andrew J , Fritzler Marvin J 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundReports of severe COVID-19 being associated with thrombosis, anti-phospholipid antibodies (APLA), anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS) have yielded disparate conclusions. Studies comparing COVID-19 patients with contemporaneous controls of similar severity are lacking.Methods22 COVID+ and 20 COVID− patients with respiratory failure admitted to intensive care were studied longitudinally. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from the day of admission. APLA testing included anti-cardiolipin (aCL), anti-β2glycoprotien 1 (β2GP1), anti-domain 1 beta2 glycoprotein 1 (β2GP1) and anti-phosphatidyl serine/prothrombin complex (PS/PT). Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) were detected by immunofluorescence and antibodies to cytokines by a commercially available multiplexed array. ANOVA was used for continuous variables and Fisher’s exact test was used for categorical variables with α=0.05 and the false discovery rate at q=0.05.ResultsAPLA were predominantly IgG aCL (48%) followed by IgM (21%) in all patients, with a tendency toward higher frequency among the COVID+. aCL was not associated with surrogate markers of thrombosis but IgG aCL was strongly associated with worse disease severity and higher ANA titers regardless of COVID-19 status. An association between aCL and anti-cytokine autoantibodies tended to be higher among the COVID+.ConclusionsPositive APLA serology was associated with more severe disease regardless of COVID-19 status.KEY MESSAGESWhat is already known about this subject?COVID-19 is associated with coagulopathy and high morbidity and mortality.COVID-19 shares some of these clinical features with anti-phospholipid syndrome.Reports of an association of anti-phospholipid antibodies with high risk COVID-19 have yielded disparate conclusions, but they lacked longitudinal follow up and control groups of similar severity.What does this study add?Anti-phospholipid syndrome serology assessed longitudinally was predominantly anticardiolipin IgG autoantibodies, in 48% of patients.Anticardiolipin serology was associated with worse disease severity in both COVID-19 positive and negative patients.How might this impact on clinical practice or future developments?The use of anti-phospholipid antibodies tests in the COVID-19 clinical setting needs to be taken in context; whereas they are associated with more serve disease, they do not discriminate between COVID-19 positive and negative patients.
Wastewater Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 from Acute Care Hospitals Identifies Nosocomial Transmission and Outbreaks
Authors: Acosta Nicole , A. Bautista María , Hollman Jordan , McCalder Janine , Beaudet Alexander Buchner , Man Lawrence , Waddell Barbara J. , Chen Jianwei , Li Carmen , Kuzma Darina , Bhatnagar Srijak , Leal Jenine , Meddings Jon , Hu Jia , Cabaj Jason L. , Ruecker Norma J. , Naugler Christopher , Pillai Dylan R. , Achari Gopal , Ryan M. Cathryn , Conly John M. , Frankowski Kevin , Hubert Casey RJ , Parkins Michael D. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundSARS-CoV-2 has been detected in wastewater and its abundance correlated with community COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations and deaths. We sought to use wastewater-based detection of SARS-CoV-2 to assess the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in hospitals.MethodsBetween August and December 2020, twice-weekly wastewater samples from three tertiary-care hospitals (totaling >2100 dedicated inpatient beds) were collected. Wastewater samples were concentrated and cleaned using the 4S-silica column method and assessed for SARS-CoV-2 gene-targets (N1, N2 and E) and controls using RT-qPCR. Wastewater SARS-CoV-2 as measured by quantification cycle (Cq), genome copies and genomes normalized to the fecal biomarker PMMoV were compared to the total daily number of patients hospitalized with active COVID-19, confirmed cases of hospital-acquired infection, and the occurrence of unit-specific outbreaks.ResultsOf 165 wastewater samples collected, 159 (96%) were assayable. The N1-gene from SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 64.1% of samples, N2 in 49.7% and E in 10%. N1 and N2 in wastewater increased over time both in terms of amount of detectable virus and the proportion of samples that were positive, consistent with increasing hospitalizations (Pearson’s r=0.679, P<0.0001, Pearson’s r=0.728, P<0.0001, respectively). Despite increasing hospitalizations through the study period, wastewater analysis was able to identify incident nosocomial-acquired cases of COVID-19 (Pearson’s r =0.389, P<0.001) and unit-specific outbreaks by increases in detectable SARS-CoV-2 N1-RNA (median 112 copies/ml) versus outbreak-free periods (0 copies/ml; P<0.0001).ConclusionsWastewater-based monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 represents a promising tool for SARS-CoV-2 passive surveillance and case identification, containment, and mitigation in acute-care medical facilities.Supplemental Material includedKey-points summarySAS-CoV-2 RNA is detectable in hospital wastewater. Wastewater SARS-CoV-2 RNA increases in conjunction with COVID-19-related hospitalizations. Spikes in SARS-CoV-2 wastewater signal correspond to incident hospital-acquired cases and outbreaks, suggesting passive surveillance via wastewater has great promise for COVID-19 monitoring.
Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Considering Shared Chairs in Outpatient Dialysis: A Real-World Case-Control Study
Authors: Thadhani Ravi , Willetts Joanna , Wang Catherine , Larkin John , Zhang Hanjie , Fuentes Lemuel Rivera , Usvyat Len , Belmonte Kathleen , Wang Yuedong , Kossmann Robert , Hymes Jeffrey , Kotanko Peter , Maddux Franklin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundSARS-CoV-2 is primarily transmitted through aerosolized droplets; however, the virus can remain transiently viable on surfaces.ObjectiveWe examined transmission within hemodialysis facilities, with a specific focus on the possibility of indirect patient-to-patient transmission through shared dialysis chairs.DesignWe used real-world data from hemodialysis patients treated between February 1stand June 8th, 2020 to perform a case-control study matching each SARS-CoV-2 positive patient (case) to a non-SARS-CoV-2 patient (control) in the same dialysis shift and traced back 14 days to capture possible exposure from chairs sat in by SARS-CoV-2 patients. Cases and controls were matched on age, sex, race, facility, shift date, and treatment count.Setting2,600 hemodialysis facilities in the United States.PatientsAdult (age ≥18 years) hemodialysis patients.MeasurementsConditional logistic regression models tested whether chair exposure after a positive patient conferred a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection to the immediate subsequent patient.ResultsAmong 170,234 hemodialysis patients, 4,782 (2.8%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (mean age 64 years, 44% female). Most facilities (68.5%) had 0 to 1 positive SARS-CoV-2 patient. We matched 2,379 SARS-CoV-2 positive cases to 2,379 non-SARS-CoV-2 controls; 1.30% (95%CI 0.90%, 1.87%) of cases and 1.39% (95%CI 0.97%, 1.97%) of controls were exposed to a chair previously sat in by a shedding SARS-CoV-2 patient. Transmission risk among cases was not significantly different from controls (OR=0.94; 95%CI 0.57 to 1.54; p=0.80). Results remained consistent in adjusted and sensitivity analyses.LimitationAnalysis used real-world data that could contain errors and only considered vertical transmission associated with shared use of dialysis chairs by symptomatic patients.ConclusionsThe risk of indirect patient-to-patient transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection from dialysis chairs appears to be low.Primary Funding SourceFresenius Medical Care North America; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK130067)
Opioid distribution trends in California post recreational marijuana legalization
Authors: Anyaehie Michelle N. , Pardo Christian , Johnson Elijah J , Anachebe Chucks , Piper Brian J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe opioid epidemic has risen to an all-time high. Harm reduction and prevention policies have not alleviated this crisis. Recent investigations have highlighted the efficacy and safety of marijuana-based products for pain management. Providing alternative pain treatment options may help mitigate the opioid epidemic. The distribution of codeine, fentanyl, hydrocodone, morphine, and oxycodone per 100K people and by 3-digit zip codes and overdose rates from 2014 to 2018 in California, which legalized recreational marijuana in 2016, were compared to Texas, where marijuana is functionally prohibited. Drug weights were obtained from the Automation of Reports and Consolidated Orders System and converted to oral morphine milligram equivalents. Overdose data was retrieved from the Centers for Disease Control’s WONDER database. California (−43.7%) and Texas (−27.3%) showed significant reductions in cumulative opioid distribution from 2014 to 2018. Opioid distribution per 100K people decreased −38.9% in California relative to −26.4% in Texas. Opioid and heroin overdoses increased between 1999 and 2019 by +11.6% in California but +272.7% in Texas. This evidence supports marijuana legalization as a mitigating factor to the opioid epidemic. Continued studies on safer pain management alternatives and policies will help identify measures that help combat the opioid epidemic.
Impact of exposures to persistent endocrine disrupting compounds on the sperm methylome in regions associated with neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Maggio Angela G. , Shu Henry T. , Laufer Benjamin I. , Hwang Hyeyeon , Bi Chongfeng , Lai Yinglei , LaSalle Janine M. , Hu Valerie W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is among the most heritable of neurodevelopmental disorders, the rapidly rising prevalence of ASD suggests that environmental factors may interact with genetic risk for ASD. Environmental factors may impact both gene expression and phenotypes in ASD through epigenetic modifications that, in turn, could lead to intergenerational effects influencing risk for ASDs. Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), such as the long-lived organochlorines, are of particular interest with respect to risk for autism because of their ability to interfere with sex hormones that have been implicated in the regulation ofRORA, a dysregulated gene in ASD that is a master regulator of many other ASD risk genes.ObjectivesThe specific aims of this study are to: 1) investigate whether high versus low exposures to the persistent organochlorine 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) are associated with differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in sperm from a Faroese cohort whose natural diet of pilot whale meat and blubber exposes them to higher than average levels of organic pollutants; 2) determine if genes associated with DDE DMRs are enriched for ASD risk genes; 3) identify pathways and functions over-represented among genes associated with DMRs.MethodsWhole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) was used to identify genome-wide DMRs in sperm from individuals divided by high and low exposure levels. Gene ontology and pathway analyses were used to determine enrichment in functional relationships to ASD.ResultsGenes in DMRs not only could discriminate between high and low exposures to DDE, but also were enriched in autism risk genes. Gene ontology and pathway analyses of these genes show significant enrichment for neurodevelopmental processes frequently impacted by ASD.ConclusionResults of this study show that elevated exposure to certain organochlorines is associated with genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in sperm affecting genes involved in neurological functions and developmental disorders, including ASD.
Prevalence of cancer susceptibility variants in patients with multiple Lynch syndrome related cancers
Authors: Choi Yoon Young , Shin Su-Jin , Lee Jae Eun , Madlensky Lisa , Lee Seung-Tae , Park Ji Soo , Jo Jeong-Hyeon , Kim Hyunki , Nachmanson Daniela , Xu Xiaojun , Noh Sung Hoon , Cheong Jae-Ho , Harismendy Olivier 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlong with early onset cancers, multiple primary cancers (MPCs) are likely resulting from increased genetic susceptibility; however, the associated predisposition genes or prevalence of the pathogenic variants genes in MPC patients are often unknown.MethodsWe screened 71 patients with MPC of the stomach, colorectal, and endometrium, sequencing 65 cancer predisposition genes. A subset of 19 patients with early onset MPC of stomach and colorectum were further evaluated for at DNA repair and cancer related genes using both normal (germline) and tumor (somatic) whole exome sequencing.ResultsAmong 71 patients with MPCs, variants predicted to be pathogenic were observed in 15 (21.1%) patients and affected Lynch Syndrome (LS) genes:MLH1(n=10),MSH6(n=2),PMS2(n=2), andMSH2(n=1). All carriers had tumors with high microsatellite instability and 13 of them (86.7%) were early-onset, consistent with LS. In 19 patients with early-onset MPCs, loss of function (LoF) variants inRECQL5, including a rare East-Asian specific variant, were more prevalent in non-LS MPC than in matched sporadic cancer patients (OR=31.6, p=0.001). Additional evaluation of bi-allelic alterations in the tumor correctly identified LS genes in LS patients and candidates genes in non-LS patients including high-confidence LoF variants in 2 patients,FANCG(c.307+1G>C) andCASP8(p.R221Sfs*17) both accompanied by somatic loss of heterozygosity in a gastric and a colorectal tumor, respectively.ConclusionsThe results suggest that genetic screening should be considered for synchronous cancers and metachronous MPCs of the LS tumor spectrum, particularly in early-onset patients. Susceptibility variants in non-LS genes for MPC patients may exist, but evidence for their role is more elusive than for LS patients.
Critical COVID-19 represents an endothelial disease with high similarity to kidney disease on the molecular level
Authors: Siwy Justyna , Wendt Ralph , Albalat Amaya , He Tianlin , Mischak Harald , Mullen William , Latosińska Agnieszka , Lübbert Christoph , Kalbitz Sven , Mebazaa Alexandre , Peters Björn , Stegmayr Bernd , Spasovski Goce , Wiech Thorsten , Staessen Jan A. , Wolf Johannes , Beige Joachim 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn patients with critical or mild COVID19 (WHO stages 6-8 [n=53] and stages 1-3 [n=66]), 593 urinary peptides significantly affected by disease severity were identified, reflecting the molecular pathophysiology associated with the course of the infection. The peptide profiles were similar compared with those observed in kidney disease, a prototype of target organ damage with major microvascular involvement, thereby confirming the observation that endothelial damage is a hallmark of COVID19. The clinical corollary is that COVID19 is an indication for anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive treatment modalities protecting the endothelial lining.
Neutralizing antibody responses 10 months after mild and moderately-severe SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Dehgani-Mobaraki Puya , Zaidi Asiya Kamber , Porreca Annamaria , Floridi Alessandro , Floridi Emanuela 
Published: February 2021

AbstractImproved understanding of immunity offered by the antibodies developed against SARS-CoV-2 is critical. Our study aimed at longitudinal analysis of presence and persistence of neutralizing antibodies over ten months in mild and moderately-severe COVID-19 recovered patients using two immunoassays.Article Summary LineNeutralizing IgG antibody persistency was demonstrated in 63.3% of the subjects (19 out of 30) at ten months post-infection with zero re-infections.
TPX2 Amplification-Driven Aberrant Mitosis in Long-Term Cultured Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Jeong Ho-Chang , Go Young-Hyun , Shin Joong-Gon , Kim Yun-Jeong , Cho Min-Guk , Gwon Dasom , Cheong Hyun Sub , Lee Haeseung , Lee Jae-Ho , Jang Chang-Young , Shin Hyoung Doo , Cha Hyuk-Jin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlthough human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are equipped with highly effective machinery for the maintenance of genome integrity, the frequency of genetic aberrations during long-termin vitrohESC culture has been a serious issue that raises concerns over their safety in future clinical applications. By passaging hESCs over a broad range of timepoints, we found that mitotic aberrations, such as the delay of mitosis, multipolar centrosomes, and chromosome mis-segregation, were increased in the late-passaged hESCs (LP-hESCs) in parallel with polyploidy compared to early-passaged hESCs (EP-hESCs). Through high-resolution genome-wide approaches and by following transcriptome analysis, we found that LP-hESCs with a minimal amplicon in chromosome 20q11.21 highly expressedTPX2(targeting protein for Xklp2), a key protein for governing spindle assembly and cancer malignancy. Consistent with these findings, the inducible expression of TPX2 in EP-hESCs reproduced aberrant mitotic events, such as the delay of mitotic progression, spindle stability, misaligned chromosomes, and polyploidy. This data suggests that the amplification and increased transcription of theTPX2gene at 20q11.21 could contribute to an increase in aberrant mitosis due to altered spindle dynamics.