bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No effect of very brief exposure to masked food pictures on fear of food in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Palmer Simon , Gronemann Jana , Mattler Uwe , Febry Hagen , Wünsch‐Leiteritz Wally , Leiteritz Andreas , Brockmeyer Timo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveVery brief exposure to masked images of spider stimuli can facilitate approach behaviour towards spiders in fearful subjects. We hypothesized that a similar effect might occur for fear of food in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), possibly offering a new treatment approach, with advantages over other methods of food exposure.MethodsPatients with AN (n = 60) were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions and received a single session of exposure to either masked and very briefly presented food images, clearly visible food images, or masked non‐food images (i.e. household items). Effects of the three exposure conditions on fear of food and food avoidance were examined.ResultsContrary to our expectations, very brief food cue exposure was not superior to the control conditions regarding fear of food and approach behaviour towards food immediately after the intervention and body mass index four weeks later.ConclusionThis finding suggests important differences between fear of food in AN and specific phobias such as fear of spiders. The absence of an effect reveals limitations of the very brief exposure method, which might be better suited for evolutionarily relevant threat stimuli.
Comparative analysis of thermal runaway characteristics of lithium‐ion battery under oven test and local high temperature
Authors: Zhu Lei , Xu Xiaoming , Zhao Lei , Yuan Qiuqi 
Published: May 2021

SummaryLithium‐ion batteries are increasingly used in the field of new energy vehicles. Thermal runaway is the biggest potential safety hazard. In order to achieve safer battery and battery design, it is necessary to fully understand thermal runaway. In this paper, the thermal abuse model of lithium‐ion battery is established, and the accuracy of the model simulation is verified through experiments. The thermal runaway characteristics of the battery under the oven test and local heating conditions are compared and analyzed. The results show that under the condition of 200°C oven test in more than 10 000 seconds to thermal runaway, the local heating under the condition of the thermal runaway in more than 500 seconds, and the oven temperature distribution more uniform on the surface of the test under the condition of the battery, the temperature distribution is almost consistent when thermal runaway. According to the characteristics of local heating mode, the small heating area cannot occur thermal runaway, and found that in the process of thermal runaway battery anode and electrolyte reaction to generate heat is the main cause of thermal runaway battery. This result can be used to guide the effective prevention of thermal runaway of lithium‐ion batteries and prevent spreading.
Transcriptional Analysis of Liver Tissue Identifies Distinct Phenotypes of Indeterminate Pediatric Acute Liver Failure
Authors: Chapin Catherine A , Taylor Sarah A , Malladi Padmini , Neighbors Katie , Melin‐Aldana Hector , Kreiger Portia A , Bowsher Nina , Schipma Matthew J , Loomes Kathleen M , Behrens Edward M , Alonso Estella M 
Published: May 2021

Many patients with indeterminate pediatric acute liver failure (PALF) have evidence of T‐cell driven immune injury; however, the precise inflammatory pathways are not well defined. We have characterized the hepatic cytokine and transcriptional signatures of patients with PALF. A retrospective review was performed on 22 children presenting with indeterminate (IND‐PALF; n = 17) or other known diagnoses (DX‐PALF; n = 6) with available archived liver tissue. Specimens were stained for clusters of differentiation 8 (CD8) T cells and scored as dense, moderate, or minimal. Measurement of immune analytes and RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) was performed on whole‐liver tissue. Immune analyte data were analyzed by principal component analysis, and RNA‐seq was analyzed by unsupervised hierarchical clustering, differential gene expression, and gene‐set enrichment analysis. Most patients with IND‐PALF (94%) had dense/moderate CD8 staining and were characterized by Th1 immune analytes including tumor necrosis factor α, interferon γ (IFN‐γ), interleukin (IL) 1β, IL‐12, C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL) 9, and CXCL12. Transcriptional analyses identified two transcriptional PALF phenotypes. Most patients in group 1 (91%) had IND‐PALF and dense/moderate CD8 staining. This group was characterized by increased expression of genes and cell subset–specific signatures related to innate inflammation, T‐cell activation, and antigen stimulation. Group 1 expressed significantly higher levels of gene signatures for regulatory T cells, macrophages, Th1 cells, T effector memory cells, cytotoxic T cells, and activated dendritic cells (adjusted P < 0.05). In contrast, patients in group 2 exhibited increased expression for genes involved in metabolic processes. Conclusion: Patients with IND‐PALF have evidence of a Th1‐mediated inflammatory response driven by IFN‐γ. Transcriptional analyses suggest that a complex immune network may regulate an immune‐driven PALF phenotype with less evidence of metabolic processes. These findings provide insight into mechanisms of hepatic injury in PALF, areas for future research, and potential therapeutic targets.
Evaluation of safety of using incompatible plasma for therapeutic plasma exchange during shortage of AB plasma
Authors: Yang John Jeongseok , Ryu Kyong‐Suk , Kim Jin Seok , Chung Yousun , Kim Hyungsuk , Hwang Sang‐Hyun , Oh Heung‐Bum , Ko Dae‐Hyun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundCriteria for selection of FFP blood type has not been clearly established and use of group AB plasma is preferred by numerous transplantation protocols.AimsThis study assesses the safety and efficacy of alternative group A or B plasma in ABO incompatible solid organ transplantation.Materials & MethodsAlternative use of group A or B plasma (incompatible plasma) was inevitable during the shortage of group AB plasma. Experience from select number of patients during the period of extreme group AB plasma shortage is described.ResultsThe result of alternative use of group A or B plasma was within expectation, showing effective reduction of isoagglutinin titers for pre‐operative desensitization and efficacy for treatment of post‐operative patients. No immediate hemolytic transfusion reaction was reported.DiscussionWhile validation in a larger cohort of patients is necessary, our limited experience have shown satisfactory clinical outcomes without adverse events.ConclusionsUse of incompatible group A or B plasma is a viable option when group AB plasma is limited.
On the use of multiple‐time‐step algorithms to save computing effort in molecular dynamics simulations of proteins
Authors: Pechlaner Maria , Oostenbrink Chris , van Gunsteren Wilfred F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractComputer simulation of proteins in aqueous solution at the atomic level of resolution is still limited in time span and system size due to limited computing power available and thus employs a variety of time‐saving techniques that trade some accuracy against computational effort. Examples of such time‐saving techniques are the application of constraints to particular degrees of freedom or the use of a multiple‐time‐step (MTS) algorithm distinguishing between particular forces when integrating Newton's equations of motion. The application of two types of MTS algorithms to bond‐stretching forces versus the remaining forces in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of a protein in aqueous solution or of liquid water is investigated and the results in terms of total energy conservation and the influence on various other properties are compared to those of MD simulations of the same systems using bond‐length, and for water bond‐angle, constraints. At comparable computational effort, the use of bond‐length constraints in proteins leads to better energy conservation and less distorted properties than the two MTS algorithms investigated.
Serum potassium levels and prognosis in HBV‐associated decompensated cirrhosis
Authors: Huang JianJiang , Cai Ming , He Xia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundSerum potassium disorders are commonly seen in patients with advanced cirrhosis and have a detrimental effect on clinical outcome, but its role in HBV‐related decompensated cirrhosis (DeCi) is remained to be illustrated. We aim to assess the effects of serum potassium on outcomes in HBV‐DeCi patients.MethodsRetrospective study included 155 subjects. Multivariate analysis was used to determine the independent prognostic factor. Predictive ability of mortality for variables was determined using the receiver operating characteristics curves.ResultsThe 30‐day in‐hospital mortality was 12.9%. Serum potassium levels differed markedly between survivors and non‐survivors. On multivariate analysis, Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score and serum potassium level were identified as independent predictors of outcomes in HBV‐DeCi patients. The combination of serum potassium and MELD score could improve prognostic accuracy in these patients.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that serum potassium is an effective predictor for poor outcomes in HBV‐DeCi patients.
Basal protein synthesis rates differ between vastus lateralis and rectus abdominis muscle
Authors: Smeets Joey S.J. , Horstman Astrid M.H. , van Dijk David P.J. , van Boxtel Astrid G.M. , ter Woorst Joost F. , Damink Steven W.M. Olde , Schijns Olaf E.M.G. , van Loon Luc J.C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn vivo muscle protein synthesis rates are typically assessed by measuring the incorporation rate of stable isotope labelled amino acids in skeletal muscle tissue collected from vastus lateralis muscle. It remains to be established whether muscle protein synthesis rates in the vastus lateralis are representative of muscle protein synthesis rates of other muscle groups. We hypothesized that post‐absorptive muscle protein synthesis rates differ between vastus lateralis and rectus abdominis, pectoralis major, or temporalis muscle in vivo in humans.MethodsTwenty‐four patients (62 ± 3 years, 42% female), scheduled to undergo surgery, participated in this study and underwent primed continuous intravenous infusions with l‐[ring‐13C6]‐phenylalanine. During the surgical procedures, serum samples were collected, and muscle tissue was obtained from the vastus lateralis as well as from the rectus abdominis, pectoralis major, or temporalis muscle. Fractional mixed muscle protein synthesis rates (%/h) were assessed by measuring the incorporation of l‐[ring‐13C6]‐phenylalanine into muscle tissue protein.ResultsSerum l‐[ring‐13C6]‐phenylalanine enrichments did not change throughout the infusion period. Post‐absorptive muscle protein synthesis rates calculated based upon serum l‐[ring‐13C6]‐phenylalanine enrichments did not differ between vastus lateralis and rectus abdominis (0.032 ± 0.004 vs. 0.038 ± 0.003%/h), vastus lateralis and pectoralis major, (0.025 ± 0.003 vs. 0.022 ± 0.005%/h) or vastus lateralis and temporalis (0.047 ± 0.005 vs. 0.043 ± 0.005%/h) muscle, respectively (P > 0.05). When fractional muscle protein synthesis rates were calculated based upon tissue‐free l‐[ring‐13C6]‐phenylalanine enrichments as the preferred precursor pool, muscle protein synthesis rates were significantly higher in rectus abdominis (0.089 ± 0.008%/h) compared with vastus lateralis (0.054 ± 0.005%/h) muscle (P < 0.01). No differences were observed between fractional muscle protein synthesis rates in vastus lateralis and pectoralis major (0.046 ± 0.003 vs. 0.041 ± 0.008%/h) or vastus lateralis and temporalis (0.073 ± 0.008 vs. 0.083 ± 0.011%/h) muscle, respectively.ConclusionsPost‐absorptive muscle protein synthesis rates are higher in rectus abdominis when compared with vastus lateralis muscle. Post‐absorptive muscle protein synthesis rates do not differ between vastus lateralis and pectoralis major or temporalis muscle. Protein synthesis rates in muscle tissue samples obtained during surgery do not necessarily represent a good proxy for appendicular skeletal muscle protein synthesis rates.
Egypt's second wave of coronavirus disease of 2019 pandemic and its impact on patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Askar Safaa R , Sakr Mohamed A , Alaty Waleed H A , Sherief Ahmed F , Rashad Heba , Eltabbakh Mohamed 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and AimAfter a decrease of COVID‐19 cases in summer, Europe faced the appearance of a COVID‐19 second wave. IBD patients are more vulnerable to various emotional and psychological stresses than normal individuals. The aim of this study explored the emotional state, perception, and coping strategies of patients with IBD during the COVID 19 pandemic period.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted between 15 November and 15 December 2020. Patients presented to IBD Study Group Clinic, Department of Tropical Medicine, Ain Shams University Hospitals. The study included 105 IBD patients. A predesigned questionnaire was used that focused on patients’ knowledge of the COVID‐19 pandemic, and how it influenced patient care. Patient demographics, disease characteristics, and medication type were analyzed.ResultsWe found 10.5% of patients stopped or delayed their medications owing to the COVID‐19 pandemic second wave and 61% reported that their clinic visits were affected. Seven patients were tested, and two patients reported having been diagnosed with COVID‐19, and 18 patients reported having relatives diagnosed with COVID‐19.ConclusionA considerable number of patients with IBD had an interruption to their care because of the second wave COVID‐19 pandemic. So, patients with IBD should take attention before, during, and after such pandemics to avoid undesirable disease‐related outcomes.
In‐hospital mortality in SARS‐CoV‐2 stratified by hemoglobin levels: A retrospective study
Authors: Al‐Jarallah Mohammed , Rajan Rajesh , Saber Ahmad Al , Pan Jiazhu , Al‐Sultan Ahmad T. , Abdelnaby Hassan , Alroomi Moudhi , Dashti Raja , Aboelhassan Wael , Almutairi Farah , Abdullah Mohammed , Alotaibi Naser , Saleh Mohammad Al , AlNasrallah Noor , Al‐Bader Bader , Malhas Haya , Ramadhan Maryam , Hamza Mahdy , Zhanna Kobalava D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study is to estimate in‐hospital mortality in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) patients stratified by hemoglobin (Hb) level. Patients were stratified according to hemoglobin level into two groups, that is, Hb <100 g/L and Hb >100 g/L. A total of 6931 patients were included. Of these, 6377 (92%) patients had hemoglobin levels >100 g/L. The mean age was 44 ± 17 years, and 66% of the patients were males. The median length of overall hospital stay was 13 days [2; 31]. The remaining 554 (8%) patients had a hemoglobin level <100 g/L. Overall mortality was 176 patients (2.54%) but was significantly higher in the group with hemoglobin levels <100 g/L (124, 22.4%) than in the group with hemoglobin levels >100 g/L (52, 0.82%). Risk factors associated with increased mortality were determined by multivariate analysis. The Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis showed hemoglobin as a predictor of mortality. Cox proportional hazards regression coefficients for hemoglobin for the HB ≤ 100 category of hemoglobin were significant, B = 2.79, SE = 0.17, and HR = 16.34, p < 0.001. Multivariate logistic regression showed Hb < 100 g/L had a higher cumulative all‐cause in‐hospital mortality (22.4% vs. 0.8%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.33; 95% [CI]: [0.20–0.55]; p < 0.001). In this study, hemoglobin levels <100 g/L were found to be an independent predictor of in‐hospital mortality.
Individualized left anterior oblique projection based on pigtail catheter visualization facilitates leadless pacemaker implantation
Authors: Yamao Kazuya , Hachiya Hitoshi , Kusa Shigeki , Miwa Naoyuki , Sato Yoshikazu , Hara Satoshi , Ohya Hiroaki , Iesaka Yoshito , Sasano Tetsuo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPacemaker positioning on the right ventricular (RV) septum during implantation is conventionally conducted utilizing two fixed fluoroscopy angles, a 45° left anterior oblique (LAO) and 35° right anterior oblique projection. However, placement location can be suboptimal, especially for leadless pacemakers (LPMs).ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and ease of LPM implantation using individualized LAO projection.MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing LPM implantation were prospectively included. The angle of the RV septum was recorded for each patient by studying the angle at which an RV pigtail catheter (RV‐PC) could be seen edge on. This was then used as the preferred LAO projection angle for that patient. We evaluated the success rate and safety of this method. We also compared the RV septum angle as measured by this method versus that measured by chest CT.ResultsOf the 31 patients (mean age 80.6 ± 7.0 years, 15 females), LPM implantation was successful in 30. The pacemaker was implanted on the RV septum in 29 and on the free wall in one. LPM implantation was abandoned for anatomical reasons in one. Complications were limited to a groin arteriovenous fistula and one deep vein thrombosis. The angle of RV septum as measured by pigtail catheter and chest CT was not significantly different (CT: 54.8 ± 6.0°, RV pigtail catheter: 52.9 ± 6.1°, P = .07).ConclusionsUsing an RV‐PC to determine the preferred angle of LAO projection facilitates differentiation between the RV septum and free wall, which in turn facilitates optimal LPM placement.
Virtual otolaryngologic management of sleep apnea patients: Lessons learned from COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Huntley Colin , Boon Maurits , Ishman Stacey , Capasso Robson , Crawford Julia , D'Agostino Mark A. , Hoff Paul 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo discuss the virtual management options and strategies learned during the COVID‐19 pandemic for treatment of patients with sleep complaints and sleep disordered breathing presenting to the otolaryngologist.Methods/ResultsThe addition of a virtual evaluation can be beneficial in assessing the patient presenting to the otolaryngologist with sleep complaints. With the implementation of telemedicine, validated subjective assessment tools, and a limited physical exam, patients can be triaged for the need for treatment implementation, further evaluation or testing, and counseled regarding various management options.In this article, we discuss the lessons learned from the authors' collective experience on how to effectively use telemedicine as a tool in the management repertoire for patients with sleep disorders.ConclusionThe otolaryngologist will commonly see patients with sleep complaints, particularly patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea not able to tolerate conservative therapies. These patients are well suited for virtual evaluation utilizing telemedicine. The technology and workflows which have been developed during the COVID‐19 pandemic can be carried forward for select patients to improve access and efficiency of care.Level of evidence: 5.
Development of a standards‐based phenotype model for gross motor function to support learning health systems in pediatric rehabilitation
Authors: Koscielniak Nikolas , Piatt Gretchen , Friedman Charles , Vinson Alexandra , Richesson Rachel , Tucker Carole 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionResearch and continuous quality improvement in pediatric rehabilitation settings require standardized data and a systematic approach to use these data.MethodsWe systematically examined pediatric data concepts from a pediatric learning network to determine capacity for capturing gross motor function (GMF) for children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) as a demonstration for enabling infrastructure for research and quality improvement activities of an LHS. We used an iterative approach to construct phenotype models of GMF from standardized data element concepts based on case definitions from the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Data concepts were selected using a theory and expert‐informed process and resulted in the construction of four phenotype models of GMF: an overall model and three classes corresponding to deviations in GMF for CP populations.ResultsSixty five data element concepts were identified for the overall GMF phenotype model. The 65 data elements correspond to 20 variables and logic statements that instantiate membership into one of three clinically meaningful classes of GMF. Data element concepts and variables are organized into five domains relevant to modeling GMF: Neurologic Function, Mobility Performance, Activity Performance, Motor Performance, and Device Use.ConclusionOur experience provides an approach for organizations to leverage existing data for care improvement and research in other conditions. This is the first consensus‐based and theory‐driven specification of data elements and logic to support identification and labeling of GMF in patients for measuring improvements in care or the impact of new treatments. More research is needed to validate this phenotype model and the extent that these data differentiate between classes of GMF to support various LHS activities.
Conducting a multi‐country online alcohol survey in the time of the COVID‐19 pandemic: Opportunities and challenges
Authors: Kilian Carolin , Rehm Jürgen , Allebeck Peter , Barták Miroslav , Braddick Fleur , Gual Antoni , Matrai Silvia , Petruželka Benjamin , Rogalewicz Vladimir , Rossow Ingeborg , Schulte Bernd , Štelemėkas Mindaugas , Manthey Jakob 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis contribution provides insights into the methodology of a pan‐European population‐based online survey, performed without external funding during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We present the impact of different dissemination strategies to collect data from a non‐probabilistic convenience sample and outline post‐stratification weighting schemes, to provide guidance for future multi‐country survey studies.MethodsDescription and comparison of dissemination strategies for five exemplary countries (Czechia, Germany, Lithuania, Norway, Spain) participating in the Alcohol Use and COVID‐19 Survey. Comparison of the sample distribution with the country's actual population distribution according to sociodemographics, and development of weighting schemes.ResultsThe dissemination of online surveys through national newspapers, paid social media adverts and dissemination with the support of national health ministries turned out to be the most effective strategies. Monitoring the responses and adapting dissemination strategies to reach under‐represented groups, and the application of sample weights were helpful to achieve an analytic sample matching the respective general population profiles.ConclusionReaching a large pan‐European convenience sample, including most European countries, in a short time was feasible, with the support of a broad scientific network.