bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Node and edge nonlinear eigenvector centrality for hypergraphs
Authors: Tudisco Francesco , Higham Desmond J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNetwork scientists have shown that there is great value in studying pairwise interactions between components in a system. From a linear algebra point of view, this involves defining and evaluating functions of the associated adjacency matrix. Recent work indicates that there are further benefits from accounting directly for higher order interactions, notably through a hypergraph representation where an edge may involve multiple nodes. Building on these ideas, we motivate, define and analyze a class of spectral centrality measures for identifying important nodes and hyperedges in hypergraphs, generalizing existing network science concepts. By exploiting the latest developments in nonlinear Perron−Frobenius theory, we show how the resulting constrained nonlinear eigenvalue problems have unique solutions that can be computed efficiently via a nonlinear power method iteration. We illustrate the measures on realistic data sets.
An efficient treatment of biofilm-induced periodontitis using Pt nanocluster catalysis
Authors: Wu Tao , Sun Jiahui , Lei Jie , Fan Qihang , Tang Xiuyu , Zhu Guixin , Yan Qi , Feng Xiaobo , Shi Bin 
Published: September 2021

A Pt nanocluster modified g-C3N4 ointment was developed, showing oxidase-like and peroxidase-like activity, and used for efficient, non-invasive, and antibiotic-free treatment of periodontitis.
Shape memory-assisted self-healing of dynamic thiol-acrylate networks
Authors: Alabiso Walter , Hron Tiago Manuel , Reisinger David , Bautista-Anguís Daniel , Schlögl Sandra 
Published: September 2021

By following shape-memory assisted self-healing (SMASH), we used the shape-memory properties of thiol-acrylate photopolymers to physically close a scratch, whilst chemical healing was obtained via thermo-activated dynamic exchange reactions.
Glucosinolate biosynthesis: role of MAM synthase and its perspectives
Authors: Das Bidyadhar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Glucosinolates, synthesized by the glucosinolate biosynthesis pathway, are the secondary metabolites used as a defence mechanism in the Brassicaceae plants, including Arabidopsis thaliana. The first committed step in the pathway, catalysed by methylthioalkylmalate (MAM) synthase (EC: 2.3.3.17), is to produce different variants of glucosinolates. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that possibly MAM synthases have been evolved from isopropylmalate synthase (IPMS) by the substitutions of five amino acid residues (L143I, H167L, S216G, N250G and P252G) in the active site of IPMS due to point mutations. Considering the importance of MAM synthase in Brassicaceae plants, Petersen et al. (2019) made an effort to characterise the MAM synthase (15 MAM1 variants) in vitro by single substitution or double substitutions. In their study, the authors have expressed the variants in Escherichia coli and analysed the amino acids in the cultures of E. coli in vivo. Since modifying the MAM synthases by transgenic approaches could increase the resistance of Brassicaceae plants for enhancing the defence effect of glucosinolates and their degraded products; hence, MAM synthases should be characterized in detail in vivo in A. thaliana along with the structural analysis of the enzyme for meaningful impact and for its imminent use in vivo.
Factors Associated With Hearing Aid Wear Time in a Subset of U.S. Military Veterans: Tinnitus, the Presence of One or More Neurologic Conditions, and Unaided Speech Intelligibility Index
Authors: Giuliani Nicholas P. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose:A retrospective analysis was conducted to explore how tinnitus, one or more neurologic conditions, unaided speech intelligibility index, and other comorbidities impact the average number of hours hearing aids are worn each day by U.S. Military Veterans.Method:Medical records and a hearing aid database were queried to obtain information regarding active medical problems and average daily hearing aid wear time. Multiple linear regression was used to explore these relationships for 215 male Veterans whose records were available from 2009 to 2020. To be analyzed, Veterans must have possessed their hearing aid(s) for at least 3 consecutive months.Results:An active problem of subjective tinnitus was associated with increased hearing aid wear time (positive association) and one or more active neurologic conditions were associated with decreased hearing aid wear time (negative association). A high unaided speech intelligibility index (greater access to speech sounds without hearing aids) was also associated with decreased hearing aid wear time (negative association).Conclusions:There are many complex audiologic and medical concerns that may affect hearing aid wear time in U.S. Military Veterans. Therefore, the information from this study should be expanded on prospectively by further exploring these associations, and their severity, on hearing aid wear time. The information from this and future studies may lead to clinical recommendations with the goal of increasing daily hearing aid use in this and other populations.
Bilateral force sensorless control based on finite‐time adaptive sliding‐mode‐assisted disturbance observer
Authors: Tian Dapeng , Ni Shiquan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBilateral teleoperation systems are widely used to compensate for image spin and in many other applications. Good transparency (position tracking and force feedback) is an important performance index in the control design of bilateral teleoperation systems. This study aims to achieve good transparency for teleoperation systems using force sensorless by proposing an alternative to direct force measurement. Our proposed method is a finite‐time adaptive sliding‐mode‐assisted disturbance observer, which combines disturbance observer with adaptive sliding mode control. The finite‐time stability of adaptive sliding‐mode‐assisted disturbance observer is analysed using the Lyapunov theory. Moreover, a bilateral control law based on adaptive sliding‐mode‐assisted disturbance observer is designed. The proposed method not only improves the system transparency with both force feedback and position tracking, but is also chatter‐free. Experiments are conducted using bilateral brushless DC motors in an experimental setup to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A new method to perform data-model comparison in Fermi-LAT analysis
Authors: Bruel P. 
Published: September 2021

Context. The analysis of Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) gamma-ray data in a given Region of Interest (RoI) usually consists of performing a binned log-likelihood fit in order to determine the sky model that after convolution with the instrument response best accounts for the distribution of observed counts.
Aims. While tools are available to perform such a fit, it is not easy to check the goodness-of-fit. The difficulty of the assessment of the data-model agreement is twofold. First of all, the observed and predicted counts are binned in three dimensions (two spatial dimensions and one energy dimension) and comparing two 3D maps is not straightforward. Secondly, gamma-ray source spectra generally decrease with energy as the inverse of the energy square. As a consequence, the number of counts above several GeV generally falls into the Poisson regime, which precludes performing a simple χ2 test.
Methods. We propose a method that overcomes these two obstacles by producing and comparing, at each pixel of the analyzed RoI, spatially integrated count spectra for data and model. The comparison follows a log-likelihood approach that extends the χ2 test to histograms with low statistics. This method can take into account likelihood weights that are used to account for systematic uncertainties.
Results. We optimize the new method so that it provides a fast and reliable tool to assess the goodness-of-fit of Fermi-LAT data and we use it to check the latest gamma-ray source catalog on 10 years of data.
The cosmic-ray ionisation rate in the pre-stellar core L1544
Authors: Redaelli E. , Sipilä O. , Padovani M. , Caselli P. , Galli D. , Ivlev A. V. 
Published: September 2021

Context. Cosmic rays (CRs), which are energetic particles mainly composed of protons and electrons, play an important role in the chemistry and dynamics of the interstellar medium. In dense environments, they represent the main ionising agent, hence driving the rich chemistry of molecular ions. Furthermore, they determine the ionisation fraction, which regulates the degree of coupling between the gas and the interstellar magnetic fields, and the heating of the gas. Estimates of the CR ionisation rate of molecular hydrogen (ζ2) span several orders of magnitude, depending on the targeted sources and on the method used.
Aims. Recent theoretical models have characterised the CR attenuation with increasing density. We aim to test these models for the attenuation of CRs in the low-mass pre-stellar core L1544.
Methods. We used a state-of-the-art gas-grain chemical model, which accepts the CR ionisation rate profile as input, to predict the abundance profiles of four ions: N2H+, N2D+, HC18O+, and DCO+. Non-local thermodynamic equilibrium radiative transfer simulations were run to produce synthetic spectra based on the derived abundances. These were compared with observations obtained with the Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique 30 m telescope.
Results. Our results indicate that a model with high ζ2 (>10−16 s−1) is excluded by the observations. Also the model with the standard ζ2 = 1.3 × 10−17 s−1 produces a worse agreement with respect to the attenuation model based on Voyager observations, which is characterised by an average ⟨ ζ2 ⟩ = 3 × 10−17 s−1 at the column densities typical of L1544. The single-dish data, however, are not sensitive to the attenuation of the CR profile, which changes only by a factor of two in the range of column densities spanned by the core model (N = 2−50 × 1021 cm−2). Interferometric observations at higher spatial resolution, combined with observations of transitions with lower critical density – hence tracing the low-density envelope – are needed to observe a decrease in the CR ionisation rate with density.
The impact of massive stars and black holes on the fate of open star clusters and their tidal streams
Authors: Wang Long , Jerabkova Tereza 
Published: September 2021

Context. We use present-day observations to investigate how the content of massive OB stars affects the long-term evolution of young open clusters and their tidal streams, and how such an effect influences the constraint of initial conditions.
Aims. OB stars are typically found in binaries. They have a strong wind mass loss during the first few million years and many become black holes. These affect the dynamical evolution of an open star cluster and impact its dissolution in a given Galactic potential. We investigate the correlation between the mass of OB stars and the observational properties of open clusters. Hyades-like star clusters are well represented in the solar neighborhood and thus allow comparisons with observational data.
Methods. We perform a large number of star-by-star numerical N-body simulations of Hyades-like star clusters using the high-performance N-body code PETAR combined with GALPY.
Results. We find that OB stars and black holes have a major effect on star cluster evolution. Star clusters with the same initial conditions but a different initial content of OB stars follow very different evolutionary paths. Thus, the initial total mass and radius of an observed star cluster cannot be unambiguously determined unless the initial content of OB stars is known. We show that the stellar counts in the corresponding tidal tails, which can be identified in the Gaia data, help to resolve this issues. We thus emphasize the importance of exploring not only star clusters but also their corresponding tidal tails. These findings are relevant for studies of the formation of massive stars.
Enantioselective Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Dearomative Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Benzofurans: Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of Flavaglines
Authors: Lu Hai-Hua , Cao Meng-Yue 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWith the introduction of new Trost-type bisphosphine ligands bearing a chiral cycloalkane framework, the highly efficient and enantioselective palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative dearomative asymmetric allylic alkylation (AAA) of benzofurans was achieved. This enabled a diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) of previously unreachable flavaglines, which features two diversification stages. A new avenue for developing flavagline-based drugs was thus established.1	Introduction2	The Dearomative Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Benzofurans3	Synthesis of Flavaglines4	Conclusion and Outlook
Synthetic Study on Carthamin, Part 4. Improved Synthesis of a C-Glycosyl Quinochalcone by Installation of a Side Chain through Regioselective De-O-methylation and Acyl Rearrangement
Authors: Ohmori Ken , Suzuki Keisuke , Matsuoka Seiya , Azami Kohei , Fujiki Yusuke , Dohi Reina , Yasuike Tomokazu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe report an improved synthesis of a C-Glycosyl quinochalcone that is a key intermediate in our total synthesis of carthamin, a natural red pigment of traditional heritage. The C-glycosyl quinochalcone is prepared by regioselective de-O-methylation of a C-glycosyl bromodienone, and installation of a p-coumaroyl side chain through an O→C acyl rearrangement.
3D Whole-Body MRI of the Musculoskeletal System
Authors: Pasoglou Vassiliki , Van Nieuwenhove Sandy , Peeters Frank , Duchêne Gaetan , Kirchgesner Thomas , Lecouvet Frederic E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWith its outstanding soft tissue contrast, spatial resolution, and multiplanar capacities, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a widely used technique. Whole-body MRI (WB-MRI) has been introduced among diagnostic methods for the staging and follow-up assessment in oncologic patients, and international guidelines recommend its use. In nononcologic applications, WB-MRI is as a promising imaging tool in inflammatory diseases, such as seronegative arthritis and inflammatory myopathies. Technological advances have facilitated the introduction of three-dimensional (3D) almost isotropic sequences in MRI examinations covering the whole body. The possibility to reformat 3D images in any plane with equal or almost equal resolution offers comprehensive understanding of the anatomy, easier disease detection and characterization, and finally contributes to correct treatment planning. This article illustrates the basic principles, advantages, and limitations of the 3D approach in WB-MRI examinations and provides a short review of the literature.
3D MRI of the Spine
Authors: Sahr Meghan , Tan Ek Tsoon , Sneag Darryl B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance imaging of the spine is now clinically feasible due to technological advancements. Its advantages over two-dimensional imaging include higher in-plane spatial resolution and the ability for reformation in any plane that enables time savings in image acquisition and aids more accurate interpretation. Multispectral 3D techniques for imaging around metal are sometimes useful for evaluating anatomy adjacent to spinal fixation hardware. 3D gradient-recalled echo sequences, including ultrashort or zero time to echo sequences, can provide osseous detail similar to conventional computed tomography.
3D MRI of the Ankle: A Concise State-of-the-Art Review
Authors: Fritz Benjamin , Fritz Jan , Sutter Reto 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful imaging modality for visualizing a wide range of ankle disorders that affect ligaments, tendons, and articular cartilage. Standard two-dimensional (2D) fast spin-echo (FSE) and turbo spin-echo (TSE) pulse sequences offer high signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios, but slice thickness limitations create partial volume effects. Modern three-dimensional (3D) FSE/TSE pulse sequences with isotropic voxel dimensions can achieve higher spatial resolution and similar contrast resolutions in ≤ 5 minutes of acquisition time. Advanced acceleration schemes have reduced the blurring effects of 3D FSE/TSE pulse sequences by affording shorter echo train lengths. The ability for thin-slice partitions and multiplanar reformation capabilities eliminate relevant partial volume effects and render modern 3D FSE/TSE pulse sequences excellently suited for MRI visualization of several oblique and curved structures around the ankle. Clinical efficiency gains can be achieved by replacing two or three 2D FSE/TSE sequences within an ankle protocol with a single isotropic 3D FSE/TSE pulse sequence. In this article, we review technical pulse sequence properties for 3D MRI of the ankle, discuss practical considerations for clinical implementation and achieving the highest image quality, compare diagnostic performance metrics of 2D and 3D MRI for major ankle structures, and illustrate a broad spectrum of ankle abnormalities.
3D MRI of the Hand and Wrist: Technical Considerations and Clinical Applications
Authors: Dalili Danoob , Fritz Jan , Isaac Amanda 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the last few years, major developments have been observed in the field of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Advances in both scanner hardware and software technologies have witnessed great leaps, enhancing the diagnostic quality and, therefore, the value of MRI. In musculoskeletal radiology, three-dimensional (3D) MRI has become an integral component of the diagnostic pathway at our institutions. This technique is particularly relevant in patients with hand and wrist symptoms, due to the intricate nature of the anatomical structures and the wide range of differential diagnoses for most presentations. We review the benefits of 3D MRI of the hand and wrist, commonly used pulse sequences, clinical applications, limitations, and future directions. We offer guidance for enhancing the image quality and tips for image interpretation of 3D MRI of the hand and wrist.
Perineal Lacerations: A Retrospective Study in a Habitual-Risk Public Maternity
Authors: Domenighi Lauro Henrique Heinsch , Weinmann Angela Regina Maciel , Haeffner Leris Salete Bonfanti , Feltrin Marcelo Lorensi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective In around 85% of vaginal births, the parturients undergo perineal lacerations and/or episiotomy. The present study aimed to determine the incidence of lacerations and episiotomies among parturients in 2018 in a habitual-risk public maternity hospital in southern Brazil, and to determine the risk and protective factors for such events.
Methodology A retrospective cross-sectional study. Data were obtained from medical records and analyzed using the Stata software. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed. Values of p < 0.05 were considered significant.
Results In 2018, there were 525 vaginal births, 27.8% of which were attended by obstetricians, 70.7% by obstetric nurses, and 1.5% evolved without assistance. Overall, 55.2% of the parturients had some degree of laceration. The professional who attended the birth was a significant variable: a greater number of first- and second-degree lacerations, as well as more severe cases, occurred in births attended by nurses (odds ratio [OR]: 2,95; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1,74 to 5,03). Positions at birth that did not enable perineal protection techniques (expulsive period with the “hands-off” method), when analyzed in isolation, determined the risk; however, in the final regression model, this relationship was not confirmed. Although reported in the literature, there were no associations between the occurrence of laceration and age, skin color, or birth weight. In 24% of the births, episiotomy was performed, and doctors performed 63.5% of them.
Conclusion Births attended by nurses resulted in an increased risk of perineal lacerations, of varying degrees. In turn, those assisted by physicians had a higher occurrence of episiotomy.
Laser Doppler Measurements of Systolic Blood Pressure on the First and Second Toe in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Rosfors Stefan , Modin Agnes , Petrini Johan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLaser Doppler was used to measure toe blood pressure (TBP) in 40 consecutive patients with various degree of peripheral arterial disease. The aim of this methodological study was to increase the usefulness of TBP by exploring the interchangeability between TBP from the first and second toe and by investigating daily routine reproducibility and measurement variability. According to our study design pressure values were based on three measurements that were averaged. At simultaneous measurements, TBP of the first toe was 71 mm Hg (standard deviation [SD] 25) compared with 70 mm Hg (SD 25) on the second toe. The correlation (r) between first and second toe pressure measurements was 0.84 and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.84. The difference between TBP on the first and second toe was not related to gender, diabetes, or magnitude of the pressures. Repeated TBP measurements of the right first toe after disconnection of cuffs, 5 to 10 minutes rest, and reconnection of cuffs had a coefficient of variation (CV) of 9% and an ICC of 0.93. CV for toe-brachial index (TBI) was 8%. Our results show that measurements of TBP from the second toe to a large extent are interchangeable with those assessed from the first toe and can be used in clinical situations where measurements from the first toe are not feasible. Flow detection with three averaged laser Doppler measurements generates TBP and TBI with low variability.
Concordance Between Clinical and Laboratory Diagnosis of Abnormal Vaginal Discharge in Chilean Women
Authors: Melo Angélica , Ossa Ximena , Fetis Giselle , Lazo Lorena , Bustos Luis , Fonseca-Salamanca Flery 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective To determine the concordance between the clinical diagnosis of women with abnormal vaginal discharge (AVD) and laboratory results using molecular detection and observation of the vaginal microbiota.
Methods Cross-sectional study conducted in 2018 in Temuco, Chile. A total of 25 midwives from 12 health centers participated. A total of 125 women > 18 years old, volunteers, were recruited. The sample of the posterior vaginal fornix was obtained by speculoscopy. Characteristics of the discharge and of the external and internal genitalia were observed. Gram staining was used to observe vaginal microbiota, blastoconidia and pseudohyphae, and polymerase chain reaction was used for the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida albicans. The Cohen kappa coefficient was used in the concordance analysis.
Results Out of a total of 125 women with AVD, 85.6% consulted spontaneously and 14.4% were diagnosed clinically during a routine check-up. Absolute concordance was significant (p = 0.0012), with an agreement of 13.6%. The relative concordance was significant, but fair for bacterial vaginosis (Kappa = 0.21; p = 0.003) and candidiasis (Kappa = 0.22; p = 0.001), and slight for trichomoniasis (Kappa = 0.14; p = 0.009). The percentage of coincidence of the diagnoses (single or mixed) by laboratory and midwives was: bacterial vaginosis 63.2% (12/19), candidiasis 36.5% (27/74), and trichomoniasis 12.5% (4/32). There was 20% coinfection. A total of 36% of the clinical diagnoses of AVD had negative laboratory tests.
Conclusion The vulvovaginitis conditions candidiasis and trichomoniasis appear to be overdiagnosed, and bacterial vaginosis appears to be underdiagnosed by the clinical diagnosis when compared with the laboratory diagnosis. The low concordance obtained shows the importance of complementing the clinical diagnosis with a laboratory study of AVD, particularly in women with failed treatments and/or coinfections with unspecific and varying signs and symptoms.