bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical investigations of vortex formation on a generic multiple-swept-wing configuration
Authors: Sedlacek D. , Biechele S. , Breitsamter C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFor an improvement of the flight stability characteristics of high-agility aircraft, the comprehension of the vortex development, behavior and break down is important. Therefore, numerical investigations on low aspect ratio, multiple-swept-wing configurations are performed in this study to analyze the influence of the numerical method on the vortex formation. The discussed configurations are based on a triple- and double-delta wing planform. Unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) simulations and delayed detached eddy simulations (DDES) are performed for both configurations. The simulations are executed at Re $$= 3.0\times 10^6$$

=
3.0
×

10
6

, symmetric freestream conditions, and an angle of attack of $$\alpha = 16^\circ$$

α
=

16
∘

, for consistency with reference wind tunnel data. For the triple-delta-wing configuration, the results of the DDES show a satisfying accordance to the experiments compared to URANS, especially for the flow field and the pitching moment coefficient. For the double-delta-wing configuration, the URANS simulation provides reliable results with low deviation of the aerodynamic coefficients and high precision for the flow field development with respect to the experimental data.
Hyphenation of aqueous two-phase and microwave extraction of solasonine and solamargine from leaves of Solanum mauritianum characterized by UHPLC-qTOF-MS
Authors: Mokgehle Tebogo Mphatlalala , Madala Ntakadzeni Edwin , Gitari Wilson Mugera , Tavengwa Nikita Tawanda 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe biomass Solanum mauritianum (S. mauritianum) is an invasive weed specie; however, it is a source of medicinally important metabolites, as reported in literature, such as solasonine and solamargine. The study was directed at the optimization of microwave and aqueous two-phase-based extraction techniques which involved microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), aqueous two-phase extraction followed by microwave-assisted extraction (ATPE + MAE), and the “one-pot” microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (MA-ATPE) for extraction of solasonine and solamargine from leaves of S. mauritianum which was evaluated. The microwave-assisted extraction of solasonine and solamargine yielded optimums at 5.00 min, microwave power of 270 W, and solid/liquid of 0.1 g L−1 at an ethanol concentration of 60%. Application of a two-stage extraction (MAE + ATPE) in CaO-dried alcohol resulted in decreased amounts of solasonine and solamargine extracted. The best yields of solasonine and solamargine were achieved in the MA-ATPE method. Extraction of solamargine and solasonine using Na2CO3 in CaO-dried ethanol during MA-ATPE was approximately threefold and twofold greater than that of MAE + ATPE, respectively. Furthermore, extraction of solamargine and solasonine using NaCl in CaO-dried ethanol during MA-ATPE was approximately twofold greater than that of MAE + ATPE. The synergy of microwaves and salting-out in the “one-pot” MA-ATPE technique was shown to be a contributing factor for enhanced extraction of solamargine and solasonine from leaves of S. mauritianum. Application of this time- and energy-efficient extraction method could potentially be expanded for enrichment of medicinally important compounds from biomass of other medicinal plants.
Zwischen neuer Solidarität und Entsolidarisierung – Der Sozialstaat angesichts des digitalen Wandels
Authors: Ellerich-Groppe Niklas 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Solidaritätsbegriff gilt für den deutschen Sozialstaat als essentieller, aber inhaltlich umstrittener normativer Bezugspunkt, der durch Prozesse der Digitalisierung auf den Prüfstand gestellt wird. Der vorliegende Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wie der digitale Wandel sich auf Solidarität als Strukturmerkmal und Praxis im deutschen Sozialstaat auswirkt und wie er so gestaltet werden kann, dass Solidarität dennoch im Sozialstaat in der digitalen Konstellation zur Geltung gebracht werden kann.So wird mit einem Fokus auf die Sozialversicherungen zunächst aufgezeigt, wie Solidarität als Strukturmerkmal und als konkrete Praxis im Sozialstaat Bedeutung erlangt. Sodann wird eine machttheoretische Perspektive eingeführt, auf deren Grundlage sich vier Minimalbedingungen für Solidarität formulieren lassen. Diese müssen erfüllt sein, damit legitimerweise von Solidarität in sozialstaatlichen Strukturen gesprochen werden kann. Sie dienen im Folgenden als kritische Heuristik um aufzuzeigen, wie sich die Solidarität im Sozialstaat angesichts des digitalen Wandels darstellt. Hier werden das Self-Tracking und die Gig Economy als Beispiele genutzt, um paradigmatisch die Veränderungen im Gesundheitswesen und in der Arbeitswelt aufzuzeigen. Dabei werden sowohl Risiken einer Entsolidarisierung wie auch Potenziale für neue Solidaritäten deutlich. In einem letzten Schritt wird skizziert, wie der digitale Wandel gestaltet werden kann, um Solidarität als Strukturmerkmal und als Praxis im Sozialstaat in der digitalen Konstellation zu erhalten.
Description of antibiotic use variability among US nursing homes using electronic health record data
Authors: Kabbani Sarah , Wang Stanley W. , Ditz Laura L. , Gouin Katryna A. , Palms Danielle , Rowe Theresa A. , Hyun David Y. , Chi Nancy W. , Stone Nimalie D. , Hicks Lauri A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Antibiotics are frequently prescribed in nursing homes; national data describing facility-level antibiotic use are lacking. The objective of this analysis was to describe variability in antibiotic use in nursing homes across the United States using electronic health record orders.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study of antibiotic orders for 309,884 residents in 1,664 US nursing homes in 2016 were included in the analysis. Antibiotic use rates were calculated as antibiotic days of therapy (DOT) per 1,000 resident days and were compared by type of stay (short stay ≤100 days vs long stay >100 days). Prescribing indications and the duration of nursing home-initiated antibiotic orders were described. Facility-level correlations of antibiotic use, adjusting for resident health and facility characteristics, were assessed using multivariate linear regression models.

Results:
In 2016, 54% of residents received at least 1 systemic antibiotic. The overall rate of antibiotic use was 88 DOT per 1,000 resident days. The 3 most common antibiotic classes prescribed were fluoroquinolones (18%), cephalosporins (18%), and urinary anti-infectives (9%). Antibiotics were most frequently prescribed for urinary tract infections, and the median duration of an antibiotic course was 7 days (interquartile range, 5–10). Higher facility antibiotic use rates correlated positively with higher proportions of short-stay residents, for-profit ownership, residents with low cognitive performance, and having at least 1 resident on a ventilator. Available facility-level characteristics only predicted a small proportion of variability observed (Model R2 version 0.24 software).

Conclusions:
Using electronic health record orders, variability was found among US nursing-home antibiotic prescribing practices, highlighting potential opportunities for targeted improvement of prescribing practices.
“We Go on Our Own Boats!”: Korean Migrants and the Politics of Transportation Infrastructure in the Japanese Empire
Authors: Kramer Derek 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper examines transportation infrastructure in the Japanese empire and its role in positioning Korean migrants in the labor markets of the metropole. To do so, it focuses on the Pusan–Shimonoseki ferry which, between 1905 and 1945, transferred over 30 million people between Japan and Korea. During this time, the ships that comprised this ferry line helped articulate new borders between the metropole and its annexed colony. In this capacity, the vessels helped constitute and control the flow of a new class of colonial migrants as they entered the labor markets of Japan. Historically, transportation networks have been looked on as modes of conveyance or as symbols of political amalgamation. Colonial era descriptions of the Pusan-Shimonoseki ferry commonly maintained this view. However, rather than stress the spatial integration brought by the line, this paper highlights its function as a source of delineation. The ferries connecting Japan to its closest colony not only served as a conduit for Korean workers, but also introduced forms of constraint and contingency that shaped their ability to sell their labor in Japan. Transportation thus became an issue of political contestation and resistance. Korean workers and union activists employed an array of tactics to undermine the borders imposed through the regulation of transportation. Doing so was part of an attempt to assert greater control over the migrant's position in regional markets and mitigate the unevenness of the colonial system.
DOUBLE-NUMBER MARKING MATTERS FOR BOTH L1 AND L2 PROCESSING OF NONLOCAL AGREEMENT SIMILARLY
Authors: Cheng Yesi , Cunnings Ian , Miller David , Rothman Jason 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe present study uses event-related potentials (ERPs) to examine nonlocal agreement processing between native (L1) English speakers and Chinese–English second language (L2) learners, whose L1 lacks number agreement. We manipulated number marking with determiners (the vs. that/these) to see how determiner-specification influences both native and nonnative processing downstream for verbal number agreement. Behavioral and ERP results suggest both groups detected nonlocal agreement violations, indexed by a P600 effect. Moreover, the manipulation of determiner-number specification revealed a facilitation effect across the board in both grammaticality judgment and ERP responses for both groups: increased judgment accuracy and a larger P600 effect amplitude for sentences containing violations with demonstratives rather than bare determiners. Contrary to some claims regarding the potential for nonnative processing, the present data suggest that L1 and L2 speakers show similar ERP responses when processing agreement, even when the L1 lacks the relevant distinction.
When Saturday comes: football, public disorder and Liverpool's urban crisis, c. 1965–1985
Authors: Warner Daniel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article uses oral histories, media representations and local archives to examine how football-related disorder in Liverpool impacted the lived experiences of local communities and informed perceptions, reactions and solutions to the city's unfolding urban crisis. It traces how the aggressive architectural transformation of the city's stadiums wrought significant and unintended consequences upon supporters and inner-city communities alike. By conceptualizing the stadium as a succinct example through which to view the anxieties that surrounded problematic urban spaces, it examines the relationship between the governance, materiality and use of the inner city during the urban crisis.
Less is not more: 401(k) plan information and retirement planning choices
Authors: Cardella Eric , Kalenkoski Charlene M. , Parent Michael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a choice experiment that is designed to examine whether changing how plan information is presented affects planned retirement-savings behavior. The main hypothesis is that providing plan information in a more concise format with helpful recommendations, rather than providing lengthy and detailed information, will alter retirement-planning choices. The specific choices examined include: whether to enroll, how much to contribute, and how to structure (broadly) the asset allocation. The choice experiment is conducted on three different samples: (i) a Qualtrics panel of new employees, (ii) a Qualtrics panel of job seekers, and (iii) a sample of business-school students. Our results suggest that, controlling for demographic and other factors, our main hypothesis was not supported by the data in any of the samples. Thus, the data cast some doubt on the notion that simplifying and condensing the retirement-plan information presented to employees will result in vastly different retirement-planning choices.
Ibrutinib as a potential therapeutic for cocaine use disorder
Authors: Huggett Spencer B. , Hatfield Jeffrey S. , Walters Joshua D. , McGeary John E. , Welsh Justine W. , Mackay Trudy F. C. , Anholt Robert R. H. , Palmer Rohan H. C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCocaine use presents a worldwide public health problem with high socioeconomic cost. No current pharmacologic treatments are available for cocaine use disorder (CUD) or cocaine toxicity. To explore pharmaceutical treatments for tthis disorder and its sequelae we analyzed gene expression data from post-mortem brain tissue of individuals with CUD who died from cocaine-related causes with matched cocaine-free controls (n = 71, Mage = 39.9, 100% male, 49% with CUD, 3 samples/brain regions). To match molecular signatures from brain pathology with potential therapeutics, we leveraged the L1000 database honing in on neuronal mRNA profiles of 825 repurposable compounds (e.g., FDA approved). We identified 16 compounds that were negatively associated with CUD gene expression patterns across all brain regions (padj < 0.05), all of which outperformed current targets undergoing clinical trials for CUD (all padj > 0.05). An additional 43 compounds were positively associated with CUD expression. We performed an in silico follow-up potential therapeutics using independent transcriptome-wide in vitro (neuronal cocaine exposure; n = 18) and in vivo (mouse cocaine self-administration; n = 12–15) datasets to prioritize candidates for experimental validation. Among these medications, ibrutinib was consistently linked with the molecular profiles of both neuronal cocaine exposure and mouse cocaine self-administration. We assessed the therapeutic efficacy of ibrutinib using the Drosophila melanogaster model. Ibrutinib reduced cocaine-induced startle response and cocaine-induced seizures (n = 61–142 per group; sex: 51% female), despite increasing cocaine consumption. Our results suggest that ibrutinib could be used for the treatment of cocaine use disorder.
Neurocognition and social cognition in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders with and without a history of violence: results of a multinational European study
Authors: Iozzino Laura , Harvey Philip D. , Canessa Nicola , Gosek Pawel , Heitzman Janusz , Macis Ambra , Picchioni Marco , Salize Hans Joachim , Wancata Johannes , Koch Marlene , Ferrari Clarissa , de Girolamo Giovanni 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveNeurocognitive impairment has been extensively studied in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and seems to be one of the major determinants of functional outcome in this clinical population. Data exploring the link between neuropsychological deficits and the risk of violence in schizophrenia has been more inconsistent. In this study, we analyse the differential predictive potential of neurocognition and social cognition to discriminate patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders with and without a history of severe violence.MethodsOverall, 398 (221 cases and 177 controls) patients were recruited in forensic and general psychiatric settings across five European countries and assessed using a standardized battery.ResultsEducation and processing speed were the strongest discriminators between forensic and non-forensic patients, followed by emotion recognition. In particular, increased accuracy for anger recognition was the most distinctive feature of the forensic group.ConclusionsThese results may have important clinical implications, suggesting potential enhancements of the assessment and treatment of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders with a history of violence, who may benefit from consideration of socio-cognitive skills commonly neglected in ordinary clinical practice.
Minimalist module analysis for fault detection and localization
Authors: Lou Zhijiang , Wang Youqing , Lu Shan , Sun Pei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTraditional multivariate statistical-based process monitoring (MSPM) methods are effective data-driven approaches for monitoring large-scale industrial processes, but have a shortcoming in handling the redundant correlations between process variables. To address this shortcoming, this study proposes a new MSPM method called minimalist module analysis (MMA). MMA divides process data into several different minimalist modules and one more independent module. All variables in the minimalist module are strongly correlated, and no redundant variables exist; therefore, the extracted feature components in one minimalist module will not be disturbed by noise from the other modules. This study also proposes new monitoring indices and a fault localization strategy for MMA, and simulation tests demonstrate that MMA achieves superior performance in fault detection and localization.
The evolution of moral rules in a model of indirect reciprocity with private assessment
Authors: Perret Cedric , Krellner Marcus , Han The Anh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMoral rules allow humans to cooperate by indirect reciprocity. Yet, it is not clear which moral rules best implement indirect reciprocity and are favoured by natural selection. Previous studies either considered only public assessment, where individuals are deemed good or bad by all others, or compared a subset of possible strategies. Here we fill this gap by identifying which rules are evolutionary stable strategies (ESS) among all possible moral rules while considering private assessment. We develop an analytical model describing the frequency of long-term cooperation, determining when a strategy can be invaded by another. We show that there are numerous ESSs in absence of errors, which however cease to exist when errors are present. We identify the underlying properties of cooperative ESSs. Overall, this paper provides a first exhaustive evolutionary invasion analysis of moral rules considering private assessment. Moreover, this model is extendable to incorporate higher-order rules and other processes.
The improved thermal efficiency of Prandtl–Eyring hybrid nanofluid via classical Keller box technique
Authors: Jamshed Wasim , Baleanu Dumitru , Nasir Nor Ain Azeany Moh , Shahzad Faisal , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Shoaib Muhammad , Ahmad Sohail , Ismail Khadiga Ahmed 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrandtl–Eyring hybrid nanofluid (P-EHNF) heat transfer and entropy generation were studied in this article. A slippery heated surface is used to test the flow and thermal transport properties of P-EHNF nanofluid. This investigation will also examine the effects of nano solid tubes morphologies, porosity materials, Cattaneo–Christov heat flow, and radiative flux. Predominant flow equations are written as partial differential equations (PDE). To find the solution, the PDEs were transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs), then the Keller box numerical approach was used to solve the ODEs. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) using Engine Oil (EO) as a base fluid are studied in this work. The flow, temperature, drag force, Nusselt amount, and entropy measurement visually show significant findings for various variables. Notably, the comparison of P-EHNF's (MWCNT-SWCNT/EO) heat transfer rate with conventional nanofluid (SWCNT-EO) results in ever more significant upsurges. Spherical-shaped nano solid particles have the highest heat transport, whereas lamina-shaped nano solid particles exhibit the lowest heat transport. The model's entropy increases as the size of the nanoparticles get larger. A similar effect is seen when the radiative flow and the Prandtl–Eyring variable-II are improved.
Quantitative proteomic screen identifies annexin A2 as a host target for Salmonella pathogenicity island-2 effectors SopD2 and PipB2
Authors: Knuff-Janzen Katelyn , Serapio-Palacios Antonio , McCoy James , Krekhno Zakhar , Moon Kyung-Mee , Deng Wanyin , Foster Leonard J. , Finlay B. Brett 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntracellular pathogens need to establish an intracellular replicative niche to promote survival and replication within the hostile environment inside the host cell. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) initiates formation of the unique Salmonella-containing vacuole and an extensive network of Salmonella-induced tubules in order to survive and thrive within host cells. At least six effectors secreted by the type III secretion system encoded within Salmonella pathogenicity island-2 (SPI-2), namely SifA, SopD2, PipB2, SteA, SseJ, and SseF, purportedly manipulate host cell intracellular trafficking and establish the intracellular replicative niche for S. Typhimurium. The phenotypes of these effectors are both subtle and complex, complicating elucidation of the mechanism underpinning host cell manipulation by S. Typhimurium. In this work we used stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) and a S. Typhimurium mutant that secretes increased amounts of effectors to identify cognate effector binding partners during infection. Using this method, we identified the host protein annexin A2 (AnxA2) as a binding partner for both SopD2 and PipB2 and were able to confirm its binding to SopD2 and PipB2 by reciprocal pull down, although there was a low level of non-specific binding of SopD2-2HA and PipB2-2HA to the Ni-Sepharose beads present. We further showed that knockdown of AnxA2 altered the intracellular positioning of the Salmonella containing vacuole (SCV). This suggests that AnxA2 plays a role in the subcellular positioning of the SCV which could potentially be mediated through protein–protein interactions with either SopD2 or PipB2. This demonstrates the value of studying effector interactions using proteomic techniques and natural effector delivery during infection rather than transfection.
Nuclear Transport Factor 2 (NTF2) suppresses WM983B metastatic melanoma by modifying cell migration, metastasis, and gene expression
Authors: Vuković Lidija D. , Chen Pan , Mishra Sampada , White Karen H. , Gigley Jason P. , Levy Daniel L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhile changes in nuclear structure and organization are frequently observed in cancer cells, relatively little is known about how nuclear architecture impacts cancer progression and pathology. To begin to address this question, we studied Nuclear Transport Factor 2 (NTF2) because its levels decrease during melanoma progression. We show that increasing NTF2 expression in WM983B metastatic melanoma cells reduces cell proliferation and motility while increasing apoptosis. We also demonstrate that increasing NTF2 expression in these cells significantly inhibits metastasis and prolongs survival of mice. NTF2 levels affect the expression and nuclear positioning of a number of genes associated with cell proliferation and migration, and increasing NTF2 expression leads to changes in nuclear size, nuclear lamin A levels, and chromatin organization. Thus, ectopic expression of NTF2 in WM983B metastatic melanoma abrogates phenotypes associated with advanced stage cancer both in vitro and in vivo, concomitantly altering nuclear and chromatin structure and generating a gene expression profile with characteristics of primary melanoma. We propose that NTF2 is a melanoma tumor suppressor and could be a novel therapeutic target to improve health outcomes of melanoma patients.