bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global, regional and national incidence, mortality and disability‐adjusted life‐years of skin cancers and trend analysis from 1990 to 2019: An analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zeng Wen , Jiang Aofei , He Zhi , Shen Xiaoping , Dong Xian , Feng Jianglong , Lu Hongguang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundInformation about global and local epidemiology and trends of skin cancers is limited, which increases the difficulty of cutaneous cancer control.MethodsTo estimate the global spatial patterns and temporal trends of skin cancer burden. Based on the GBD 2019, we collected and analyzed numbers and age‐standardized rates (ASR) of skin cancer incidence, disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) and mortality (ASIR, ASDR, and ASMR) in 204 countries from 1990 through 2019 were estimated by age, sex, subtype (malignant skin melanoma [MSM], squamous‐cell carcinoma [SCC], and basal‐cell carcinoma [BCC]), Socio‐demographic Index (SDI), region, and country. Temporal trends in ASR were also analyzed using estimated annual percentage change.ResultsGlobally, in 2019, there were 4.0 million BCC, 2.4 million SCC, and 0.3 million MSM. There were approximately 62.8 thousand deaths and 1.7 million DALYs due to MSM, and 56.1 thousand deaths and 1.2 million DALYs were attributed to SCC, respectively. The men had higher ASR of skin cancer burden than women. The age‐specific rates of global skin cancer burden were higher in the older adults, increasing trends observed from 55 years old. Geographically, the numbers and ASR of skin cancers varied greatly across countries, with the largest burden of ASIR in high SDI regions. However, an unexpected increase was observed in some regions from 1990 to 2019, such as East Asia, and Sub‐Saharan Africa. Although there was a slight decrease of the ASMR and ASDR, the global ASIR of MSM dramatically increased, 1990–2019. Also, there was a remarkable increase in ASR of BCC and SCC burden.ConclusionsSkin cancer remains a major global public health threat. Reducing morbidity and mortality strategies such as primary and secondary prevention should be reconsidered, especially in the most prevalent and unexpected increased regions, especially for those areas with the greatest proportions of their population over age 55.
Benefits of employment in people with mental illness: Differential mediating effects of internalized stigma on self‐esteem
Authors: Silván‐Ferrero Prado , Holgado Pablo F. , Jiménez José , Pérez‐Garín Daniel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrevious research shows a negative relationship between the stigmatization of people with mental illness and self‐esteem. Through path analysis, the present study examines the extent to which both perceived individual discrimination and perceived group discrimination predict self‐esteem and the extent to which internalized stigma and concealment mediate these relationships. We also test whether this mediation is moderated by the amount of time worked. The participants were 110 Spanish people with mental illness (67 men and 43 women) recruited from Spanish nongovernmental organizations. The sample was divided into two groups according to whether they had a permanent employment contract (which occurs when a person has worked for over 5 months). The results confirmed the mediating role of internalized stigma between individual perceived discrimination and self‐esteem in the group with permanent employment contracts. Group discrimination had an indirect positive association with self‐esteem through reduced internalized stigma in the whole sample. In sum, our results show that being employed for longer may strengthen the relationship between perceived individual discrimination and self‐esteem via internalized stigma and that perceived group discrimination may buffer the negative relationship between internalized stigma and self‐esteem in people with mental illness.
Photothermal Responsive Singlet Oxygen Nanocarriers for Hypoxic Cancer Cell Ablation
Authors: Zhu Ting , Yu Qi , Feng Zheng , Zhao Weili , Liu Shujuan , Huang Wei , Zhao Qiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHypoxia in aggressively proliferating tumor cells has been demonstrated to restrict the efficiency of photodynamic therapy owing to its oxygen (O2)‐dependent generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) from photosensitizers under light irradiation. To address this problem, we propose a small‐molecule dye‐based 1O2 capturing agent, B1. B1 not only bears a near‐infrared absorbing azo‐boron dipyrromethene backbone, but also has 1,4‐dimethylnaphthalene, which facilitates the capture of 1O2 to form endoperoxide (B1‐SO). B1‐SO undergoes a reversible reaction via near‐infrared photothermal stimulation, thus allowing 1O2 release. Based on this mechanism, stable B1‐SO containing micelles (B1‐SO NPs) were prepared and employed as 1O2 nanocarriers to ablate cancer cells in vitro. Taking advantage of this O2‐independent 1O2 releasing ability, B1‐SO NPs were demonstrated to have efficient cytotoxicity under near‐infrared irradiation, especially in a hypoxic environment. The unique O2‐independent 1O2 generation process of B1‐SO NPs suggests they can be used as novel cancer phototherapy agents.
Derivation and validation of Pd/Pa in the assessment of residual ischemia post‐intervention: A prospective all‐comer registry
Authors: Hakeem Abdul , Hou Linle , Shah Kulin , Agarwal Shiv K. , Almomani Ahmed , Edupuganti Mallik , Kasula Sirkanth , Pothineni Naga V. , Al‐Hawwas Malek , Miller Kristin , Zakir Ramzan , Ghosh Bobby , Uretsky Barry F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundMeasurement of post‐percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) fractional flow reserve (FFR) demonstrates residual ischemia in a large percentage of cases deemed angiographically successful which, in turn, has been associated with worse long‐term outcomes. It has recently been shown that a resting pressure index, Pd/Pa, has prognostic value post stenting, however, its diagnostic value relative to FFR post‐PCI has not been evaluated.MethodsThe diagnostic accuracy of Pd/Pa in identifying ischemia (FFR≤0.80) pre‐ and post‐PCI was evaluated. Three patient subsets were analyzed. A reference pre‐PCI cohort of 1,255 patients (1,560 vessels) was used to measure the accuracy of pre‐PCI Pd/Pa vs. FFR. A derivation post‐PCI group of 574 patient (664 vessels) was then used to calculate the diagnostic accuracy of post‐PCI Pd/Pa vs. FFR. A final prospective validation cohort of 230 patients (255 vessels) was used to test and validate the diagnostic performance of post‐PCI Pd/Pa.ResultsMedian Pd/Pa and FFR were 0.90 (IQR 0.90–0.98) and 0.80 (IQR 0.71–0.88) in the reference pre‐PCI model, 0.96 (IQR 0.93–1.00) and 0.87 (IQR 0.77–0.90) in the post‐PCI derivation model, and 0.94 (IQR 0.89–0.97) and 0.84 (IQR 0.77–0.90) in the post‐PCI validation model respectively. There was a strong linear correlation between Pd/Pa and FFR in all three models (p < 0.0001). Using ROC analysis, the optimal Pd/Pa cutoff value to predict a FFR ≤ 0.80 was ≤0.92 (AUC 0.87) in the pre‐PCI model, ≤0.93 (AUC 0.85) in the post‐PCI derivation model, and ≤ 0.90 (AUC 0.91) in the post‐PCI validation model. Using a hybrid strategy of post‐PCI Pd/Pa and post‐PCI FFR when necessary (25% patients), overall diagnostic accuracy was improved to 95%.ConclusionsPd/Pa has excellent diagnostic accuracy for identifying ischemia post‐intervention. Using a hybrid strategy of post‐PCI Pd/Pa first, and FFR afterwards, if required, adenosine administration can be avoided in over 75% of physiologic assessments post intervention.
Molten‐Salt‐Assisted Annealing for Making Colloidal ZnGa2O4:Cr Nanocrystals with High Persistent Luminescence
Authors: Srivastava Bhupendra B. , Gupta Santosh K. , Mohan Swati , Mao Yuanbing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPersistent luminescent nanocrystals (PLNCs) in the sub‐10 nm domain are considered to be the most fascinating inventions in lighting technology owing to their excellent performance in anti‐counterfeiting, luminous paints, bioimaging, security applications, etc. Further improvement of persistent luminescence (PersL) intensity and lifetime is needed to achieve the desired success of PLNCs while keeping the uniform sub‐10 nm size. In this work, the concept of molten salt confinement to thermally anneal as‐synthesized ZnGa2O4:Cr3+ (ZGOC) colloidal NCs (CNCs) in a molten salt medium at 650 °C is introduced. This method led to significantly monodispersed and few agglomerated NCs with a much improved photoluminescence (PL) and PersL intensity without much growth in the size of the pristine CNCs. Other strategies such as i) thermal annealing, ii) overcoating, and iii) the core–shell strategy have also been tried to improve PL and PersL but did not improve them simultaneously. Moreover, directly annealing the CNCs in air without the assistance of molten salt could significantly improve both PL and PersL but led to particle heterogeneity and aggregation, which are highly unsuitable for in vivo imaging. We believe this work provides a novel strategy to design PLNCs with high PL intensity and long PersL duration without losing their nanostructural characteristics, water dispersibility and biocompatibility.
A Novel Reactivity of Phosphanylalumane (>P−Al<): Reversible Addition of a Saturated Interelement Bond to Olefins
Authors: Yanagisawa Tatsuya , Mizuhata Yoshiyuki , Tokitoh Norihiro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe reversible addition of olefins to a phosphanylalumane, P−Al single‐bond species, was investigated. The P−Al bond added to ethylene and relatively small terminal alkenes (propylene and hex‐1‐ene) at room temperature to give the corresponding alkene adducts. Heating the terminal alkene adducts released the corresponding alkenes and regenerated the P−Al bond, but no release of ethylene was observed even under vacuum conditions. The reactivity of ethylene adduct as a new saturated C2 vicinal P/Al‐based FLP was also investigated. The ethylene adduct was found to undergo complexation with nitriles to give the corresponding nitrile adducts to the Al center, which retained the ethylene tether as in the case of the corresponding P/B‐based FLP. However, the reactivity of ethylene toward CO2 and benzaldehyde differed from that of the P/B system giving the corresponding adducts.
Tuning the π‐Accepting Properties of Mesoionic Carbenes: A Combined Computational and Experimental Study
Authors: Dong Zhaowen , Blaskovits J. Terence , Fadaei‐Tirani Farzaneh , Scopelliti Rosario , Sienkiewicz Andrzej , Corminboeuf Clémence , Severin Kay 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMesoionic imidazolylidenes are recognized as excellent electron‐donating ligands in organometallic and main group chemistry. However, these carbene ligands typically show poor π‐accepting properties. A computational analysis of 71 mesoionic imidazolylidenes that bear different aryl or heteroaryl substituents in C2 position was performed. The study has revealed that a diphenyltriazinyl (Dpt) substituent renders the corresponding carbene particularly π‐acidic. The computational results could be corroborated experimentally. A mesoionic imidazolylidene with a Dpt substituent was found to be a better σ‐donor and a better π‐acceptor compared to an Arduengo‐type N‐heterocyclic carbene. To demonstrate the utility of the new carbene, the ligand was used to stabilize a low‐valent paramagnetic tin compound.
Budget‐aware scheduling algorithms for scientific workflows with stochastic task weights on infrastructure as a service Cloud platforms
Authors: Caniou Yves , Caron Eddy , Kong Win Chang Aurélie , Robert Yves 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThis paper introduces several budget‐aware algorithms to deploy scientific workflows on Infrastructure as a Service Cloud platforms, where users can request Virtual Machines (VMs) of different types, each with specific cost and computing resources. We use a realistic application/platform model with stochastic task weights, and VMs communicating through a Cloud storage. We extend two well‐known algorithms, MinMin and HEFT, and make scheduling decisions based upon machine availability and remaining budget. During the mapping process, the budget‐aware algorithms make conservative assumptions to avoid exceeding the initial budget; we further improve the results with refined versions that aim at rescheduling some tasks onto faster VMs, thereby spending any budget fraction leftover by the first allocation. These refined variants are much more time‐consuming than the former algorithms, so there is a trade‐off to find in terms of scalability. We report an extensive set of simulations with workflows from the Pegasus benchmark suite. Most of the time, our budget‐aware algorithms succeed in achieving efficient makespans while enforcing the given budget, and this despite the uncertainty in task weights.
An efficient algorithm for link prediction based on local information: Considering the effect of node degree
Authors: Mumin Diyawu , Shi Lei‐Lei , Liu Lu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere has been much interest in link prediction research with significant studies on how to predict missing links or future links in a network based on observed information. However, the key solution to tackle the link prediction problem is how to measure the similarity between the nodes in a network with higher accuracy. Several techniques have been proposed that utilize the similarity between nodes to estimate their proximity in the network. In this paper, an efficient link prediction algorithm that predicts relationships between links using the network structure is proposed. This algorithm uses common neighbors in addition to the degree distribution of the nodes to estimate the possibility of the presence of a link between two nodes in a network based on local information. Extensive experiments are carried out and compared with 12 standard similarity‐based methods using seven real‐world datasets. The experimental results show that our method has higher prediction accuracy compared with most of the local information based methods like the Common Neighbor and Preferential Attachment. It is also competitive with the quasi‐local indicators such as LP and global indicators like Katz, with a lower computational complexity than the two.
A lightweight model of wheel‐rail force inversion for railway vehicles
Authors: Teng Fei , Zhu Rui , Zhou Yabo , Chi Maoru , Zhang Haibo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe dynamical performance of vehicles on railway tracks is significantly influenced by wheel‐rail interactions, which makes the wheel‐rail force be a safety indicator of vehicle systems. Owing to the high cost of direct measurement, inversion models are widely used to measure the wheel‐rail force. This study proposes a model called the Lightweight Wheel‐Rail Force Inversion Model (LFIM) to calculate the wheel‐rail force by using vibration signals collected from the vehicle system. The model can extract the relevant features, and outperforms prevalent models. It is also resource efficient and small in size, which makes it suitable for edge computing environment. The basic LFIM yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.99 in experiments, significantly higher than the value recorded by the traditional dynamic methods. The compressed LFIM yielded a 91% reduction in floating‐point operations (FLOPs) and had an R2 score of 90%, which satisfies the demands for vehicle monitoring. By balancing accuracy and size, LFIM is a feasible model to deploy on edge devices to monitor the wheel‐rail force in real‐time and assess the safety of railway vehicles.
Reaction Behaviors of S‐, O‐, and N‐containing Aliphatic Molecules with a Propyl Moiety on Ge(100) Surface
Authors: Park Sangjune , Kim Ki‐jeong , Nam Jeong‐Woo , Youn Young‐Sang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe reaction pathways of 1‐propanethiol, 1‐propanol, and propylamine molecules, containing a propyl moiety, on a Ge(100) surface were investigated using high‐resolution photoemission spectroscopy (HRPES) experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Upon analysis of the HRPES data, the adsorption of 1‐propanethiol and 1‐propanol was found to occur through a dissociation reaction, whereas that of propylamine took place via N dative bonding at room temperature. On the basis of our DFT results, adsorption geometries and transition states for each of these molecules on the Ge(100) surface were confirmed. Systematic studies of S‐, O‐, and N‐containing molecules, composed of an identical propyl moiety, on the Ge(100) surface provide insight into the adsorption mechanism of aliphatic molecules containing alkyl chains on the Ge(100) surface.
An input controlled leakage restrainer transistor‐based technique for leakage and short‐circuit power reduction of 1‐bit hybrid full adders
Authors: Moradinezhad Maryan Mohammad , Amini‐Valashani Majid , Azhari Seyed Javad 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe sharp increase in the leakage part of the total power of the very large scale integration (VLSI) circuits is a significant concern in the deep submicron CMOS process. The NOT gates, Gate Diffusion Input (GDI) cells, restorer NMOS–PMOS transistors for full‐swing operation, and any path from the power voltage to the ground are the main sources of leakage power dissipation as well as short‐circuit in the VLSI CMOS circuits/chips. The input controlled leakage restrainer transistor (ICLRT) is a new circuit‐level method that is proposed in this paper. The ICLRTs can be deliberately added to any VLSI CMOS circuit to largely diminish the total power dissipation especially by the reduction of its leakage and short‐circuit parts. The full adders are vital parts in various VLSI circuits/systems, especially in circuits used for fulfilling arithmetic operations. Those are often placed in the critical paths for multiplication and division, so influence the throughout the efficiency of the system. To test the proposed technique, ICLRTs added to five best 1‐bit hybrid full adders in the deep submicron process to fit the needs of the day. The efficiency of the proposed method is evaluated using SPICE simulations in 22‐nm CMOS BSIM4 process. Evaluation outcomes with 1‐V power supply verified that the power dissipation and power‐delay product (PDP) of the hybrid full adders based on ICLRT technique relative to corresponding original designs are reduced 65.67–95.7% and 35.85–87.37%, respectively. Mismatch analysis and Monte Carlo simulations prove the robustness and stability of the presented circuits in the presence of the process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations.
Easily Prepared Mono(N,N‐dialkylamino)phosphine Palladium(II) Complexes: Structural and Catalytic Evaluation
Authors: Lamola Jairus L. , Shilubana Joy C. , Ngodwana Lonwabo , Vatsha Banele , Adeyinka Adedapo S. , Maumela Munaka C. , Holzapfel Cedric W. , Mmutlane Edwin M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe search for efficient, active and universal catalyst systems for transition‐metal catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions, continues to be of interest to researchers world‐wide. Herein, we report two new Pd(II) complexes, effortlessly prepared fromN,N‐dialkylamino‐phosphines for Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions. These sufficiently hindered (%VBur=30.0–31.5 %) and electron rich (vCO=1947.41–1946.29 cm−1) aminophosphines formed active catalysts for Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling of aryl bromides and chlorides.
Electrochemical collision of single graphene oxide sheets at ultramicroelectrodes and its usage as substrate for Pt nanoparticle deposition
Authors: Shen Xiaoyue , Wang Dengchao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRevealing the physiochemical properties of individual graphene oxide (GO) sheets is highly desired for both fundamental research interests and practical applications, especially for their surface functionalization and modification toward hybrid composites with high performance. Herein, we report three different strategies including surface blockage, capacitive charging, and electrochemical reduction to detect and study single GO sheets using single‐entity electrochemical methods. The size, surface charge, dielectric, and electrochemical features of single GO sheets can then be revealed and quantified from the transient current signals. Moreover, the adsorbed GO can confine the electrode surface for metal deposition and produce single Pt nanoparticles, as indicated by the discrete reductive spikes shown in the deposition processes.
Fatality rates implied by the Italian building code
Authors: Iervolino Iunio , Pacifico Adriana 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe project Rischio Implicito – Norme Tecniche per le Costruzioni (RINTC) assessed the seismic structural reliability, in terms of the annual rate of earthquakes causing failure, of a large set of code‐conforming buildings, designed to be located in three different sites, representative of low, mid, and high seismic hazard in Italy. It was found that seismic reliability tends to decrease significantly as the site's hazard increases, despite the design actions having the same return period at all sites. Because this is a consequence of the code's approach, the simple study presented in this paper aims to contribute to the discussion on whether the code‐implied safety is yet acceptable. To this end, the annual fatality rates due to the seismic failure of the buildings from the mentioned project are computed, in a simplified manner, and compared with the annual risk from other common causes of death in Italy; the latter obtained based on data from the Italian Statistical Institute. The results, although subjected to the conventionality of the working assumptions, seem to indicate that seismic fatality risk is generally lower than that of other causes of death, by one or more orders of magnitude at the lower hazard sites. This can contribute to the discussion on seismic structural safety due to the characteristics of the Italian code that are common to state‐of‐the‐art codes internationally.
On the numerical overshoots of shock‐capturing schemes
Authors: Zhang Huaibao , Zhang Fan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis note introduces a simple metric for benchmarking shock‐capturing schemes. This metric is especially focused on the shock‐capturing overshoots, which may undermine the robustness of numerical simulations, as well as the reliability of numerical results. The idea is to numerically solve the model linear advection equation with an initial condition of a square wave characterized with different wavenumbers. After one step of temporal evolution, the exact numerical overshoot error can be easily determined and shown as a function of the CFL number and the reduced wavenumber. With the overshoot error quantified by the present metric, a number of representative shock‐capturing schemes are analyzed accordingly, and several findings including the amplitude of overshoots non‐monotonously varying with the CFL number, and the amplitude of overshoots significantly depending on the reduced wavenumber of the square waves (discontinuities), are newly discovered, which are not before.