bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corn distillers dried grains with solubles: Production, properties, and potential uses
Authors: Mohammadi Shad Zeinab , Venkitasamy Chandrasekar , Wen Zhiyou 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe grain‐based ethanol production has been increasing as the demand for biofuel additives increased, and the fossil fuel sources decreased. Distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) are a primary coproduct of bioethanol plants of the conventional corn dry‐grind process. With increasing corn‐based ethanol production, DDGS production is increased, and it has become a global commodity. Despite the high nutritional value of DDGS, however, its uses are still not fully explored. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the DDGS production process, chemical and physical properties, nutritional value, and the potential of using DDGS in cattle, fish, poultry feed, and human foods. The challenges of using DDGS in animal feed and human food are discussed.FindingsDistillers dried grains with solubles has been identified as a protein substitute that is both readily available and competitively priced (per unit protein) compared to other conventional alternative protein sources. Researchers have discovered measures to boost DDGS quality and safety. Several approaches have been proposed to improve the DDGS digestibility and nutritional value. Although the benefits and risks associated with the DDGS uses are identified, more research is required to regulate the quality and safety standards for DDGS.ConclusionsVersatile applications of DDGS will valorize this coproduct. The development of DDGS utilization enhances health and functional benefits to animals and humans; it also assists bioethanol plants economically.Significance and noveltyThe information will not only provide knowledge of DDGS in terms of its production process, nutritional value, and applications but, more importantly, explore the opportunities of developing new uses of this under‐utilized commodity.
Coexistence of myelodysplastic syndrome and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia: An aggressive disease
Authors: Kasinathan Ganesh , Lee Bee Sun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCoexistent myelodysplastic syndrome and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia is an aggressive disease which often do not respond to standard chemotherapy due to the various molecular and cytogenetic abnormalities. Understanding of the molecular pathogenesis may lead to better therapeutic modalities as current conventional therapies are largely ineffective.
Effect of different beverages on color stability and surface properties of composite resin materials
Authors: Özyurt Esra , Kurt Ayşegül 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of frequently consumed beverages on the color stability and surface properties of direct and indirect dental composite materials. The two dental composite materials (direct and indirect) and four beverages (distilled water, tea, coffee, cola) were assessed. The specimens were prepared for evaluating monomer conversion, water sorption, and color stability (n = 10) and taking scanning electron and atomic force microscopy images (n = 3). The data were analyzed using independent t‐test, Mann‐Whitney U test, two‐way analysis of variance, and Spearman's correlation (P < .05). Indirect dental composite materials had better monomer conversion, color stability, and surface roughness value when compared to direct dental composite materials (P < .001, P = .002, P = .002, respectively). The control group had lower ΔE00 values when compared to the tea (P < .001) and coffee (P < .001) groups. There was a negative correlation between monomer conversion and surface roughness (r = −0.481, P = .032). Color stability and surface roughness value of direct dental composite materials differed from indirect dental composite materials after immersed in different beverages. The tested beverages significantly influenced color stability.
Back to the Basics: Two Approaches for the Identification and Extraction of Lipid Droplets from Malassezia pachydermatis CBS1879 and Malassezia globosa CBS7966
Authors: Mantilla Maria Juliana , Cabrera Díaz Catherine Eliana , Ariza‐Aranguren Gabriela , de Cock Hans , Helms J. Bernd , Restrepo Silvia , Jiménez Elizabeth , Celis Ramírez Adriana Marcela 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMalassezia spp. are lipid‐dependent yeasts that have been related to skin mycobiota and dermatological and systemic diseases. Study of lipid droplets (LDs) is relevant to elucidate the unknown role of these organelles in Malassezia and to gain a broader overview of lipid metabolism in Malassezia. Here, we standardized two protocols for the analysis of LDs in M. pachydermatis and M. globosa. The first describes co‐staining for confocal laser‐scanning fluorescence microscopy, and the second details extraction and purification of LDs. The double stain is achieved with three different neutral lipid fluorophores, namely Nile Red, BODIPY™ 493/503, and HCS LipidTOX™ Deep Red Neutral, in combination with Calcofluor White. For LD extraction, cell wall rupture is conducted using Trichoderma harzianum enzymes and cycles of vortexing with zirconium beads. LD purification is performed in a three‐step ultracentrifugation process. These standardizations will contribute to the study of the dynamics, morphology, and composition of LDs in Malassezia. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Lipid droplet fluorescence stainingBasic Protocol 2: Lipid droplet extraction and purificationSupport Protocol: Malassezia spp. culture conditions
Emerging Strategies in Polyethylene Terephthalate Hydrolase Research for Biorecycling
Authors: Kawai Fusako 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe research on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) hydrolyzing enzymes started in 2005; several studies are now nearing the objective of their application in biorecycling of PET, which is an urgent environmental issue. The thermostability of PET hydrolases must be higher than 70 °C, which has already been established by several thermophilic cutinases, as higher thermostability results in higher activity. Additionally, pretreatment of waste PET to more enzyme‐attackable forms is necessary for PET biorecycling. This Minireview summarizes research on enzymatic PET hydrolysis from two viewpoints: 1) improvement of PET hydrolases by focusing on their thermostabilities by mutation of enzyme genes, their expression in several hosts, and their modifications; and 2) processing of waste PET to readily biodegradable forms. Finally, the outlook of PET biorecycling is described.
A reconfigurable flexible fractal‐based monopole antenna for portable applications
Authors: Al‐Adhami Ammar , Erçelebi Ergun 
Published: May 2021

SummaryDesign of a fractal printed circuit antenna structure for portable applications is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna consisted of a modified Hilbert patch printed on a flexible polyamide substrate. The antenna is surrounded with a defected electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) open loop. A parametric study based a numerical analysis is invoked to refine the proposed antenna performance. The proposed antenna is fabricated on polymer substrate with dimensions of 50 × 60 × 0.3 mm3. The proposed antenna performance is tested experimentally and compared to the simulated results from a commercial software package based on Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio (CST MW). The experimental results are found to agree well with simulated results. It is found that the proposed antenna design suites the applications of the frequency bands of UHF and ISM portable systems. The antenna shows two bandwidths from 0.8 to 1 GHz and from 2.3 to 2.6 GHz with average gain of around 3.1 and 7 dBi, respectively. The antenna performances are conducted based on analytical and numerical simulations. The fabricated prototype performances are measured experimentally to show excellent agreement with the simulated results. Finally, it is found that the proposed antenna frequency resonance and bandwidth are insignificantly affected when mounted in close to the human body; therefore, it would be excellent candidate to be in use with biomedical applications.
Diet pill and laxative use for weight control predicts first‐time receipt of an eating disorder diagnosis within the next 5 years among female adolescents and young adults
Authors: Hazzard Vivienne M. , Simone Melissa , Austin S. Bryn , Larson Nicole , Neumark‐Sztainer Dianne 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo replicate findings from a prior study which identified prospective associations between use of products for weight control and subsequent receipt of a first‐time eating disorder (ED) diagnosis among female adolescents and young adults.MethodData from a prospective cohort study, Project EAT (Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults), were used to examine prospective associations between self‐reported past‐year diet pill and laxative use for weight control and self‐reported receipt of an ED diagnosis among females without prior receipt of an ED diagnosis (N = 1,015). Participants were followed from early/middle adolescence (EAT‐I; Mage = 14.9 years) into late adolescence/emerging adulthood (EAT‐II; Mage = 19.5 years) and young adulthood (EAT‐III; Mage = 24.8 years).ResultsFirst‐time receipt of an ED diagnosis was reported by 2.4% of participants at EAT‐II and 4.0% at EAT‐III. After adjusting for demographics and weight status, participants using diet pills (risk ratio [RR] = 3.58, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.96–6.54) and laxatives (RR = 2.77, 95% CI: 1.01–7.64) had greater risk of receiving a first‐time ED diagnosis within 5 years than those not using these products.DiscussionThe present study replicated prior findings, providing further evidence for a prospective link between use of products for weight control and subsequent receipt of an ED diagnosis.
The Latent Dirichlet Allocation model with covariates (LDAcov): A case study on the effect of fire on species composition in Amazonian forests
Authors: Valle Denis , Shimizu Gilson , Izbicki Rafael , Maracahipes Leandro , Silverio Divino Vicente , Paolucci Lucas N. , Jameel Yusuf , Brando Paulo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUnderstanding and predicting the effect of global change phenomena on biodiversity is challenging given that biodiversity data are highly multivariate, containing information from tens to hundreds of species in any given location and time. The Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model has been recently proposed to decompose biodiversity data into latent communities. While LDA is a very useful exploratory tool and overcomes several limitations of earlier methods, it has limited inferential and predictive skill given that covariates cannot be included in the model. We introduce a modified LDA model (called LDAcov) which allows the incorporation of covariates, enabling inference on the drivers of change of latent communities, spatial interpolation of results, and prediction based on future environmental change scenarios. We show with simulated data that our approach to fitting LDAcov is able to estimate well the number of groups and all model parameters. We illustrate LDAcov using data from two experimental studies on the long‐term effects of fire on southeastern Amazonian forests in Brazil. Our results reveal that repeated fires can have a strong impact on plant assemblages, particularly if fuel is allowed to build up between consecutive fires. The effect of fire is exacerbated as distance to the edge of the forest decreases, with small‐sized species and species with thin bark being impacted the most. These results highlight the compounding impacts of multiple fire events and fragmentation, a scenario commonly found across the southern edge of Amazon. We believe that LDAcov will be of wide interest to scientists studying the effect of global change phenomena on biodiversity using high‐dimensional datasets. Thus, we developed the R package LDAcov to enable the straightforward use of this model.
Lewis Acidic Cationic Strontium and Barium Complexes
Authors: Thum Katharina , Martin Johannes , Elsen Holger , Eyselein Jonathan , Stiegler Lena , Langer Jens , Harder Sjoerd 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLewis acidic (BDI)Ae+ cations of the heavier metals Sr and Ba, which are not stabilized by polar solvents, have been obtained by double deprotonation of (BDI)H2+ with either SrN’’2 or BaN’’2; BDI = HC[C(Me)N(DIPP)]2, DIPP = 2,6‐diisopropylphenyl, Ae = alkaline earth, N’’ = N(SiMe3)2. Due to clathrate formation [(BDI)Ae+][B(C6F5)4−] could not be crystallized, but pyrene addition gave crystalline [(BDI)Ae+ ⋅ pyrene][B(C6F5)4−] which was structurally characterized for Ae = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba. (R2N)Ae+ cations of the heavier metals Sr and Ba were obtained by reaction of Ae(NR2)2 with [Ph3C+][B(C6F5)4−] or [PhNMe2H+][B(C6F5)4−]. Following complexes were structurally characterized: [N’’Ba+ ⋅ (tol)2][B(C6F5)4−], [N*Sr+ ⋅ PhNMe2][B(C6F5)4−], [N*Ba+ ⋅ tol][B(C6F5)4−] and [N*Ba+ ⋅ C6H6][B(C6F5)4−]; tol = toluene and N* = N(SiiPr3)2. DFT calculations show that Sr⋅⋅⋅PhNMe2 coordination is preferred over Sr⋅⋅⋅toluene bonding. The (R2N)Ae+ cations can be used as Brønsted bases (reaction with (BDI)H gave (BDI)Ae+) and may be useful precursors for a variety of Lewis base‐free RAe+ cations. DFT calculations, limited to monomeric model systems including B(C6F5)4− (ωB97XD/def2tzvpp//ωB97XD/def2svp), show that there is negligible electron transfer from the pyrene or toluene ligands to the Ae2+ cation. Electrostatic attraction originates from charge‐induced polarization of the
‐electron density in the toluene and pyrene ligands.
A privacy‐preserving mobile location‐based advertising system for small businesses
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed Abdelmoamen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSmall‐to‐medium businesses are always seeking affordable ways to advertise their products and services securely. With the emergence of mobile technology, it is possible than ever to implement innovative Location‐Based Advertising (LBS) systems using smartphones that preserve the privacy of mobile users. In this paper, we present a prototype implementation of such systems by developing a distributed privacy‐preserving system, which has parts executing on smartphones as a mobile app, as well as a web‐based application hosted on the cloud. The mobile app leverages Google Maps libraries to enhance the user experience in using the app. Mobile users can use the app to commute to their daily destinations while viewing relevant ads such as job openings in their neighborhood, discounts on favorite meals, etc. We developed a client‐server privacy architecture that anonymizes the mobile user trajectories using a bounded perturbation strategy. A multi‐modal sensing approach is proposed for modeling the context switching of the developed LBS system, which we represent as a Finite State Machine model. The multi‐modal sensing approach can reduce the power consumed by mobile devices by automatically detecting sensing mode changes to avoid unnecessary sensing. The developed LBS system is organized into two parts: the business side and the user side. First, the business side allows business owners to create new ads by providing the ad details, Geo‐location, photos, and any other instructions. Second, the user side allows mobile users to navigate through the map to see ads while walking, driving, bicycling, or quietly sitting in their offices. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the scalability and performance of the mobile side. Our experimental evaluation demonstrates that the mobile app incurs low processing overhead and consequently has a small energy footprint.
Consistent safety and tolerability of Valtoco® (diazepam nasal spray) in relationship to usage frequency in patients with seizure clusters: Interim results from a phase 3, long‐term, open‐label, repeat‐dose safety study
Authors: Miller Ian , Wheless James W. , Hogan Robert E. , Dlugos Dennis , Biton Victor , Cascino Gregory D. , Sperling Michael R. , Liow Kore , Vazquez Blanca , Segal Eric B. , Tarquinio Daniel , Mauney Weldon , Desai Jay , Rabinowicz Adrian L. , Carrazana Enrique ,   The DIAZ.001.05 Study Group
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveNeed for rescue therapy differs among patients with seizure clusters. Diazepam nasal spray is approved to treat seizure clusters in patients with epilepsy ≥6 years of age. This analysis used interim data from a phase 3 safety study to assess safety profile and effectiveness of diazepam nasal spray using average number of doses/month as a proxy measurement.MethodsThis phase 3, open‐label, repeat‐dose, safety study of diazepam nasal spray enrolled patients (6‐65 years) with epilepsy and need of benzodiazepine rescue. Patients were stratified by average number of doses/month (<2, moderate frequency; 2‐5, high frequency; >5, very‐high frequency). Safety was evaluated based on treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs), assessed nasal irritation, and olfaction. The proportion of treatments given as a second dose was used as an exploratory proxy for effectiveness.ResultsOf 175 enrolled patients (data cutoff, October 31, 2019), 158 received ≥1 dose of diazepam nasal spray. Frequency of use was moderate in 43.7% of patients, high in 50.6% of patients, and very high in 5.7% of patients. Patients treated 3397 seizure episodes (moderate frequency, 14.2%; high frequency, 59.9%; very high frequency, 25.8%). Nasal discomfort was the most common treatment‐related TEAE in all groups. No notable changes in nasal irritation or olfaction were observed. Second doses represented only 2.5%, 7.5%, and 17.2% of all doses in the moderate‐, high‐, and very‐high‐frequency groups, respectively. Overall retention rate was 82.9%, without an observed relationship to frequency of use.SignificanceFrequency of dosing diazepam nasal spray had little impact on the safety/tolerability profile across a range of <2 to >5 doses/month. Effectiveness was suggested for all dosing frequencies by the high proportion of seizure clusters not treated with a second dose. These results support the utility, safety profile, and effectiveness of diazepam nasal spray across frequencies of seizure cluster burden.
A new rapid titration protocol for lamotrigine that reduces the risk of skin rash
Authors: Jang Yoonhyuk , Moon Jangsup , Kim Narae , Kim Tae‐Joon , Jun Jin‐Sun , Shin Yong‐Won , Chang Hyeyeon , Kang Hye‐Ryun , Lee Soon‐Tae , Jung Keun‐Hwa , Park Kyung‐Il , Jung Ki‐Young , Chu Kon , Lee Sang Kun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveLamotrigine is one of the most widely used antiepileptic drugs, but it has a critical issue of a skin rash if the starting dose is too high or the escalation rate is too rapid. We investigated the efficacy and safety of a novel and rapid titration protocol for lamotrigine that takes only 11 days to reach a daily dose of 200 mg.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 33 adult patients (age 18‐85) who were diagnosed with epilepsy and started lamotrigine administration for the first time at a single tertiary hospital. Our new protocol starts with a subthreshold dose of the drug and then administers a stepwise‐incremental dose until reaching the full therapeutic dose within 11 days.ResultsOf 29 patients analyzed, only two (6.9%) experienced idiosyncratic skin rash before the first follow‐up visit at 2 weeks (±3 days). In addition, a therapeutic concentration was reached in more than 75% of studied patients after 2 weeks of lamotrigine administration.SignificanceThese findings demonstrate the value of the novel tolerance induction protocol for lamotrigine, which could widen the available application of lamotrigine in various situations. However, this study is a preliminary study limited by a small number of patients and its nonrandomized and open‐label design, so the current protocol needs more rigorous clinical evaluations before the application to the real clinical setting.
Structural complexity influences the ecosystem engineering effects of in‐stream large wood
Authors: Cashman Matthew J. , Harvey Gemma L. , Wharton Geraldene 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLarge wood (LW) is an ecosystem engineer and keystone structure in river ecosystems, influencing a range of hydromorphological and ecological processes and contributing to habitat heterogeneity and ecosystem condition. LW is increasingly being used in catchment restoration, but restored LW jams have been observed to differ in physical structure to naturally occurring jams, with potential implications for restoration outcomes. This article examines the structural complexity and ecosystem engineering effects of LW jams at four sites with varying management intensity incorporating natural and restored wood. Our results reveal: (i) structural complexity and volume of jams was highest in the site with natural jams and low intensity riparian management, and lowest in the suburban site with simple restored jams; and (ii) that structural complexity influences the ecosystem engineering role of LW, with more complex jams generating the greatest effects on flow hydraulics (flow concentration, into bed flows) and sediment characteristics (D50, organic content, fine sediment retention) and the simplest flow deflector‐style restored jams having the least pronounced effects. We present a conceptual model describing a continuum of increasing jam structural complexity and associated hydromorphological effects that can be used as a basis for positioning and evaluating other sites along the management intensity spectrum to help inform restoration design and best practice.
Impact of cranberry juice consumption on gut and vaginal microbiota in postmenopausal women
Authors: Al Othaim Ayoub , Marasini Daya , Carbonero Franck 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCranberries have long been purported to provide protection against urinary tract infections. There is a line of evidence suggesting that causal pathogens might be seeded from the bacteria reservoirs in the intestinal and vaginal tracts. We tested the hypothesis whether cranberry intake would reshape bacteria taxa in the gut, as well as the vaginal ecosystem. A total of 25 postmenopausal women were enrolled into a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study. Stool samples and vaginal swabs were collected at baseline and after 15 days of consumption of placebo or cranberry beverages, microbiota analyses were performed by Illumina Miseq sequencing following a double‐index 16S rRNA gene amplicon. All baseline stool samples generally fell in theBacteroidesenterotype. Significant increases ofPrevotella(P = 0.04),ClostridiumXIVa members (P = 0.04),Eggerthella(P = 0.03), andBifidobacterium(P = 0.02) were shown following the cranberry juice intervention; this indicates modulation of the gut microbiota by cranberry components. Baseline vaginal microbiotas fell in three distinct patterns—Lactobacillusdominant, diversified microbiome, andStreptococcusdysbiosis. Compared with the placebo, the cranberry intervention significantly reduced the abundance of pathogenicStreptococcus(P = 0.04) in the dysbiosis group and increased commensal bacteriaAnaerococcus,Finegoldia,Actinomyces, andCorynebacteriumin the diversified microbiome and dysbiosis groups. Overall, these data suggest that cranberry consumption may improve vaginal microbiota composition in individuals with dysbiosis. Gut‐borne taxa stimulation by the combination of cranberry oligosaccharides and polyphenols present in the cranberry product potentially mediates these beneficial properties.