bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study of Request Strategies used by EFL Baturaja University Students
Authors: - Mila Arizah 
Published: April 2021

Abstract: The problem in this study contents is about the request strategies used by ESL Baturaja University Students. The aim of this study was to determine the most common request strategies used by EFL Baturaja University students. In this analysis, the descriptive approach was used as the research methodology. The study had 80 student population. The sample of the study was 22 that were taken by cluster random sampling taken from English students of English education study program in academic 2020/2021. For collecting the data writer was used a discourse completion test (DCT). Based on the result of the data showed that in the discourse completion test (DCT) regarding the strategy requests used by students. So the result was as much as 16.55°/c student responses used direct strategies, as many as 8 I .81/c student responses used conventionally indirect, and as many as I .62°/c student responses used Non- conventionally indirect. lt means t hat, the dominant request strategies used by EFL was t he conventionally indirect.
YEDI KULE - MONUMENT ROAD RACE: THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE 3D MAPPING ANIMATION OF THE OLD CITY OF THESSALONIKI, GREECE
Authors: LAMBRINOS NIKOS , Georgiou Efthimios-Spyridon 
Published: April 2021

This project refers to the construction of a 3D map of Thessaloniki’s historical route. The Yedi Kule Conquest – Monument Road Race took place in the old city of Thessaloniki, which was built during the Byzantine and Ottoman period. The purpose of this project is the digital recording of the castles, the monuments, the old churches, the traditional buildings, and the squares which are prime examples of the architectural beauty of the place. The methodology of the project is based on the online software Google Earth Studio and Adobe Premiere Pro. These are the tools of digitization, rendering, and building process of the animation. With this methodology, the authors achieved the documentation of land use and the architectural landscape. The animation is a credible graphic index of the historical background of Thessaloniki. The Yedi Kule area constitutes of a cultural mosaic made from different historic periods. The buildings and the neighbourhoods give the sense of transition of the narrow roads, the old Christian churches, the house of the first Turkish governor, and the byzantine castle to the modern city. In Thessaloniki, three historic periods coexist the Ancient Greek/Roman, the Byzantine, and Ottoman Empire. The responsibility of the governmental politics and of every citizen of Thessaloniki is to promote and preserve the historic background of the city. The final product offers a good opportunity for the digital storage of Thessaloniki’s old city. The animation creates an interactive environment that portrays the current image of the transition from the old to a modern city.
CRITERIA AND TOOLS TO CATALOGUE BRICK-MASONRY VAULTS. THE GIS-DATABASE OF FRAME, A FASCE AND PLANTERIAN VAULTS BETWEEN THE 16TH AND 18TH CENTURY IN NORTHERN ITALY
Authors: Stanga Chiara 
Published: April 2021

The paper describes a proposal for criteria and tools to catalogue brick-masonry vaulted systems in Northern Italy between the 16th and 18thcenturies. Along with the standard geometric typologies, three novel parameters (maîtresses voûtes, voûte sur le plan d'une autre voûte, constructive features) are proposed to include the constructive features in the vault taxonomy. The novel parameters help catalogue three vaulting types that can be considered the metamorphosis of cloister vaults: frame, a fasce, and planterian vaults. The database was realized in MS Access and then imported into QGIS 3.10. Database and GIS have been operative tools to form hypotheses on vault disseminations, highlighting the recurrences and specificities across time and space of some peculiar construction techniques. The database collects the acquired information on each vault (building type, geolocation, building date, vaulting type, vault dimensions and description and, whenever possible, photogrammetric survey, 3D modelling, and thermographic survey). In the future, the database should be published online, making the data available and building a broader dataset to share the information.
AN INTEGRATION OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE TECHNIQUES (SFM–GPR–TLS) AS A VIRTUAL TOOL FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL STRATEGY: THE CASE OF THE ROMAN SITE OF THE PLAZA DE LA MORERÍA IN SAGUNTO (SPAIN)
Authors: Buchón-Moragues Fernando Francisco , Benedito Nuez Josep , García García Francisco , Melchor Monserrat José Manuel 
Published: April 2021

Integration of non-destructive techniques (NDTs) and archaeological documentation offers a high potential for contributing in archaeological research strategies. NDTs, in addition to mapping and accurately detecting a site, can be an important factor that influence decision making in archaeological strategies. This integration helps to understand spatial organisation and stratigraphic potential in order to make decisions about which levels to excavate and which to remove, especially when archaeological horizons are overlapping. This methodology is demonstrated through a study of the Roman site Plaza de la Morería located in the urban area of Sagunto (Spain). The main task was to design a suitable archaeological strategy to recover the Roman funerary space prior to the first century AD by deciding whether or not to remove the pavement of a domus from a third century AD that covered the burial remains. This article describes the methodology carried out through the combined use of NTDs based on the documented archaeological findings. The integration of the methods structure from motion (SFM), ground penetrating radar (GPR) and laser scanner (TLS), georeferenced on the same reference frame defined by topographic methods, was proposed. The high resolution of 2D and 3D virtual visalitation features of GPR technique made it possible to pinpoint and map the existence of Roman overlapped horizons and buried structures in study zone. The multidisciplinary study configured a flexible design that was crucial for adapting the strategies to each proposed phase to recover the Roman funerary space prior to the first century AD. This integration of NDTs and documented archaeological data can impact decision making process and decision made in archaeological strategies, opening new perspectives in interventions of location, study, management, conservation and planning in archaeological heritage research.
MENSIOCHRONOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES FOR TIMBER ELEMENTS: LIMITS AND SPECIFICITIES THROUGH A CASE STUDY
Authors: Zamperini Emanuele , Landi Angelo Giuseppe , Grimoldi Alberto 
Published: April 2021

In Italy, studies on wooden structural elements in masonry buildings, from the Middle Ages throughout the Modern Age to the twentieth century, are few in number compared to other European countries and present no systematic approach. It is necessary to carry out progressively, but systematically, high-detailed surveys and to correlate them with the existing discontinuous documentation. Diachronic comparisons – referring to significant geographical areas in which evident constructive constants are recognizable – would highlight the variation over time of the models and their diffusion, while the comparison, especially synchronic, between solutions evidently different or apparently similar, would allow to better understand both the constructive choices and their static behaviour. A series of models – including the structural ones – should be elaborated, for directing design in a sector, often seriously flawed, prone to simplification and the introduction of high safety factors essentially motivated by summary and inadequate surveys of the actual situation. It is also interesting to evaluate the application of mensiochronological techniques to the analysis of timber structures, especially floors. The significant measures for dating are various: dimensions and centre distances of beams and joists, width and thickness of the boards, dimension of the accessory elements (e.g. joint laths), but the working processes and tree species have a decisive impact on the measures of the artefacts. Mensiochronological techniques usually detect slow but evident variations; however, a centuries-old constancy is equally significant. More general information about the context is useful, in particular which choices are not determined by mere technical reasons. A better historical knowledge serves to understand the qualities and limitations of existing structures, and the features – including decay – in which they appear. The floors of Palazzo Magio in Cremona, dating from the fifteenth century to the end of the eighteenth century, allow to reflect on how and what to examine.
COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION OF THE 3D REPRESENTATIONS OF THE HOLY AEDICULE OF THE TOMB OF CHRIST
Authors: Tentoma Nefeli , Georgopoulos Andreas , Tucci Gracia 
Published: April 2021

The significance of preservation of cultural heritage is undeniable, which is why both their geometric documentation and the creation of their digital “twins”, i.e. reconstructions and replicas at any scale, are essential procedures. A special category of cultural heritage is sacred sites which combine historical, spiritual and religious values. The most sacred monument of Christianity is the Holy Aedicule covering the Tomb of Christ in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. This paper aims to investigate and compare the various three-dimensional representations of the Holy Aedicule of the Tomb of Christ, which exist both in physical and in digital form. Initially, the main structural phases of the Aedicule are presented, including its destructions and restorations. Moreover, the different categories of the three-dimensional representations of the monument are defined. With reference to the replicas, both the reasons of their construction and their list in the form of a dataset table are presented. More specifically, in the context of this research, the three-dimensional representations of the Aedicule are divided into two major categories: the replicas constructed worldwide and the geometric documentations of the monument's condition through the years. Regarding the replicas, a list of the discovered representations is created and this database is visualized and depicted in an online web map along with essential information with the use of an open-source Geographic Information System (GIS). Based on this visualization an online web map has been created. Furthermore, the previous geometric documentations and surveys of the Holy Aedicule of the Tomb of Christ are presented. A comparison is conducted between the 3D models of the Aedicule, which were created by the University of Florence in 2007-8 and the National Technical University of Athens in 2015-17. The impact of the Holy Aedicule across the world is examined through statistics based on the type, date of construction and location of the replicas. The possible deformations of the monument's structure are detected from the assessment of the results from both the processing and the comparison of the 3D models. In conclusion, future works are suggested focusing on the discovery of the total number of replicas worldwide and the monitoring of the condition of the Aedicule. Cultural
Hatha Yoga: efeito da prática nos níveis de ansiedade e depressão em estudantes universitários
Authors: Rodrigues Josiane , Lunardi Morgana , Bertoli Josefina , Biduski Grazieli Maria , Freitas Cintia de la Rocha 
Published: April 2021

O Hatha Yoga consiste em posturas psicofísicas junto com o controle da respiração de uma maneira consciente, e parece promover vários benefícios físicos e psíquicos. Objetivo: avaliar o efeito de uma intervenção de 16 semanas com Hatha Yoga nos níveis de ansiedade e depressão em estudantes universitários. Métodos: Participaram deste estudo 17 indivíduos, com média de idade de 26,2 (±5,08) anos. Foi realizada uma intervenção de 16 semanas, duas vezes por semana com duração de 75 minutos. Uma anamnese foi aplicada e a Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão foi utilizada para a avaliação dos sintomas pré e pós-intervenção. Resultados: Houve melhora nos níveis de ansiedade (p<0,001) e depressão (p=0,008) quando comparados os escores antes e após 16 semanas de intervenção com Hatha Yoga. Ao final da intervenção, o nível de ansiedade reduziu nas turmas de manhã e noite (p<0,02), mas os níveis de depressão reduziram apenas para a turma da manhã (p=0,050). Conclusão: A intervenção com Hatha Yoga foi eficaz na redução dos níveis de ansiedade e depressão em estudantes universitários.
Performance of an open-path near-infrared measurement system for measurements of CO2 and CH4 during extended field trials
Authors: Deutscher Nicholas M. , Naylor Travis A. , Caldow Christopher G. R. , McDougall Hamish L. , Carter Alex G. , Griffith David W. T. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Open-path measurements of atmospheric composition provide spatial averages of trace gases that are less sensitive to small-scale variations and the effects of meteorology. In this study we introduce improvements to open-path near-infrared (OP-NIR) Fourier transform spectrometer measurements of CO2 and CH4. In an extended field trial, the OP-NIR achieved measurement repeatability 6 times better for CO2 (0.28 ppm) and 10 times better for CH4 (2.1 ppb) over a 1.55 km one-way path than its predecessor. The measurement repeatability was independent of path length up to 1.55 km, the longest distance tested. Comparisons to co-located in situ measurements under well-mixed conditions characterise biases of 1.41 % for CO2 and 1.61 % for CH4 relative to in situ measurements calibrated to World Meteorological Organisation – Global Atmosphere Watch (WMO-GAW) scales. The OP-NIR measurements can detect signals due to local photosynthesis and respiration, and local point sources of CH4. The OP-NIR is well-suited for deployment in urban or rural settings to quantify atmospheric composition on kilometre scales.
Benefits from high-density rain gauge observations for hydrological response analysis in a small alpine catchment
Authors: Michelon Anthony , Benoit Lionel , Beria Harsh , Ceperley Natalie , Schaefli Bettina 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Spatial rainfall patterns exert a key control on the catchment-scale hydrologic response. Despite recent advances in radar-based rainfall sensing, rainfall observation remains a challenge, particularly in
mountain environments. This paper analyzes the importance of high-density
rainfall observations for a 13.4 km2 catchment located in the Swiss
Alps, where rainfall events were monitored during 3 summer months using a
network of 12 low-cost, drop-counting rain gauges. We developed a data-based analysis framework to assess the importance of high-density rainfall
observations to help predict the hydrological response. The framework
involves the definition of spatial rainfall distribution metrics based on
hydrological and geomorphological considerations and a regression analysis
of how these metrics explain the hydrologic response in terms of runoff
coefficient and lag time. The gained insights on dominant predictors are
then used to investigate the optimal rain gauge network density for
predicting the streamflow response metrics, including an extensive test of
the effect of down-sampled rain gauge networks and an event-based
rainfall–runoff model to evaluate the resulting optimal rain gauge network
configuration. The analysis unravels that, besides rainfall amount and
intensity, the rainfall distance from the outlet along the stream network is
a key spatial rainfall metric. This result calls for more detailed
observations of stream network expansions and the parameterization
of along-stream processes in rainfall–runoff models. In addition, despite
the small spatial scale of this case study, the results show that an
accurate representation of the rainfall field (with at least three rain
gauges) is of prime importance for capturing the key characteristics of the
hydrologic response in terms of generated runoff volumes and delay for the
studied catchment (0.22 rain gauges per square kilometer). The potential of
the developed rainfall monitoring and analysis framework for rainfall–runoff analysis in small catchments remains to be fully unraveled in future studies, potentially also including urban catchments.
PERSEKONGKOLAN TENDER DALAM PERSAINGAN USAHA MENURUT UU NO. 5 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG LARANGAN PRAKTIK MONOPOLI DAN PERSAINGAN USAHA TIDAK SEHAT
Authors: Wulan Dewi Nawang , Masruroh Ainul , Rusydi Rusydi 
Published: April 2021

Conspiracy tender an action collusive which can reduce the transparency and honesty among the participants of the tender. While time is the government is already set on Procurement of Goods and / or Services in electronic form of e-tendering, with the system online are expected to minimize leakage of the tender as well as the level of conspiracy tender there . But in practice leakage tender and conspiracy are still going on between the actors of business , including the Tender Works Revitalization Development Arena Youth / Teens province of West Nusa Tenggara on Year Budget 2011. Setting the tender which already are online should be able to prevent the conspiracy that happen, but in practice conspiracy tender occur with other modes namely with an agreement that is done by the participants of the tender kolusif the form of similarity IP Address, is practices outside the mechanism system of tendering set . Of things that mean conspiracy tender is still going on and still be one of the problems for the world of busines .
Material laws are used as a reference will be analyzed using the technique of analysis of the contents by formulating the analysis of the decision that was decided by the Commission for the Supervision of Competition Usaha (KPPU). Results of the study showed that the system electronics have not fully guarantee the tender free of the conspiracy that carried out by the perpetrators of the business . It is an impact on the budget and the level of competition of business that is healthy , from the system electronics in the form of e- tenderimg the search of a conspiracy can be detected much earlier.
HUBUNGAN PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN DARING DENGAN MINAT BELAJAR SISWA SMP NEGERI 4 COMAL DI MASA PANDEMI
Authors: Soeatini Soeatini 
Published: April 2021

Pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring menjadi salah satu sarana dalam belajar mengajar di masa pandemi sekarang ini. Upaya dalam mengurangi penyebaran virus covid-19 guru di tuntut untuk bisa dalam memberikan materi mata pelajaran nya melalui media elektronik. Adapun hubungan pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring di lihat dari minat belajar siswa terutama siswa SMP Negeri 4 Comal. Penelitian ini dibuat untuk mengetahui bagaimana pelaksanaan pembelajaran dan dampak apa saja yang mempengaruhi minat belajar siswa. Bagaimana hubungan pelaksana pembelajaran daring dengan minat belajar siswa selama masa pandemic. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dalam memahami hubungan antara variabel independen yakni pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring IPS dengan variable dependen yakni minat belajar siswa.

The implementation of online learning is one of the means of teaching and learning in the current pandemic. The teachers are required to be able to provide subject matter through electronic media and this is the efforts to reduce the spread of the Covid-19 virus. The relationship between the implementation of online learning is seen from the students' interest in learning, especially students of SMP Negeri 4 Comal. This research was made to determine how the implementation of learning and what impacts affect student interest in learning. How do online learning implementers relate to student learning interest during a pandemic. This study uses quantitative methods in understanding the relationship between the independent variables, namely the implementation of social studies online learning with the dependent variable, namely students' interest in learning.
Modeller i kjemiundervisning - et eksempel på hvordan de kan bidra til læring og feillæring
Authors: Saure Heidi Iren , Bomark Nils-Erik , Svendsen Monica Lian 
Published: April 2021

We discuss the use of analogical models in science education using examples from online learning resources. We have conducted a teaching program for a group of 7th grade pupils and a group of science teacher students, and the main theme of this program is the use of models in chemistry. Specifically, we study the effect of an analogical model that is designed to promote understanding of the properties of molecules, related to a paper chromatography experiment. Our research indicates that analogical models can be a useful tool to convey understanding of abstract concepts and non-visible phenomena, but they hold serious pitfalls that can lead to misunderstandings amongst students if not used in a proper manner. These findings are in line with other studies. Our data indicate that respondents` knowledge about molecular properties may have increased after participating in this teaching program. However, both groups of respondents consistently used wrong properties to explain the paper chromatography experiment. Conversation transcripts and respondents` models indicate that these misconceptions are enhanced by the analogical model they were given to work with during the teaching program. Based on our findings, we give some advice for how to best present analogies in the classroom.