bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer: A Focus on Non-invasive Biomarkers
Authors: El Kadmiri Nadia 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer
worldwide. Currently, colonoscopy remains the gold standard diagnostic test for CRC detection.
Nonetheless, this technique is invasive and expensive. Remarkable ongoing strategies are focusing
on the development of affordable methods to diagnose CRC at earlier stages. The introduction of
suitable noninvasive, sensitive and specified diagnostic tests for early CRC detection by employing
biomarker analysis seems to be a fundamental need to reduce the numbers of unnecessary colonoscopies.
In this review, we provide an overview of single- and multi-panel biomarkers (Genomic
markers, transcriptome markers, proteomic markers, inflammatory markers, and microbiome markers)
encompassing noninvasive tests in blood and stool for early CRC detection.

Methods:
A bibliographic search using PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost
databases was performed to find relevant published studies over the last 6 years. Forty-three pertinent
studies were included in this review.

Results:
The primary outcome highlights the sensitivity and specificity of single diagnostic biomarkers
studied in blood or stool. The secondary outcome reveals the sensitivity and specificity of
the biomarkers panel (combinations) in blood or stool. While some markers show better performance,
others are not suitable for screening purposes.

Conclusion:
There is a need to adjust experimental and analytical tests that can interfere with a robust
result to replace or supplement those markers that are currently in use. Nevertheless, robust
verification and validation with large clinical cohorts are needed for successful noninvasive tests
that can fulfill the role of colonoscopy.
NF-κB1 Intronic Region Polymorphisms as Risk Factor for Head and Neck Cancer in HPV-Infected Population from Pakistan
Authors: Sarwar Sumaira , Tareen Muammad Usman , Sabir Maimoona , Sultan Aneesa , Malik Salman A. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Head and neck cancer (HNC) develops due to a number of risk
factors, including infection of Human Papillomavirus (HPV). The genetic predisposition
also plays an important role in deregulating different signaling pathways including the
NF-KB pathway. Certain polymorphisms are reported to affect the NF-kB pathway
genes.

Objectives:
The present research was conducted to study the association of HPV with
NF-KB1 (p50) gene polymorphisms in HNC patients of the Pakistani population.

Methods:
Genomic DNA from HNC tumors samples was extracted using the Exgene
SV DNA extraction Kit. Allele-specific PCR and direct sequencing were done for analysis
of NF-κB1 SNPs 94ins/del (rs28362491), rs1598858 and rs4648068.

Results:
The genotypes AGrs1598858, AGrs4648068 and GGrs4648068 were associated with
significantly increased risk of head and neck cancer in studied population. Furthermore
the HNC cases with genotypes AGrs1598858 and GGrs4648068 displayed growing risk of HPV
related cancers. Promotor region SNP 94ins/del (rs28362491) was not detected in
studied population. Tobacco use, lymph nodes involvement and poorly differentiated
tumors were positively associated with HPV induced cancers.

Conclusion:
It is the first comprehensive study from Pakistan, to evaluate the
polymorphic variants of NF-κB1. Genotypes AGrs4648068, GGrs4648068, and AGrs1598858 of
NF-κB1 gene are associated with increased risk of head and neck cancers in the studied
HPV infected Pakistani population. It can be concluded that HPV infection, involvement
of lymph nodes and tobacco use can act synergetic and add up in modulating HPV
induced HNC with intronic SNPs of NF-κB1 gene in Pakistani population.
Uses and Applications of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) in Pediatric Gastroenterology: Current Evidence and New Perspective
Authors: Jiménez David González , García Carlos Bousoño , Martín Juan Jose Diaz 
Published: March 2021

:
In this paper, we will review the dietary allowances of these fatty acids in the paediatric
population, and also the indications in different pathologies within the field of pediatric gastroenterology.
Finally, we will try to explain the reasons that may justify the difficulty in translating
good results in experimental studies to the usual clinical practice. This “good results” may be too
little to be detected or there may be other causes but misinterpreted as effects of DHA.
Edema-mass Ratio Based On Magnetic Resonance Imaging As A Preoperative Diagnostic Factor For Posterior Fossa Metastasis
Authors: Kaya Ismail , Cingoz Ilker Deniz , Gursoy Merve , Atar Murat , Guvenc Gonul , Uzunoglu Inan , Sahin Meryem Cansu , Yuceer Nurullah 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Peritumoral edema of primary brain tumors is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The number of studies currently available on the prognostic role of peritumoral brain edema in the posterior fossa is extremely limited.

Objective:
Based on the known importance of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosing supratentorial metastases, this study aimed to investigate the effects of peritumoral edema on survival of patients with posterior fossa metastases and the preoperative diagnostic value of MRI.

Methods:
Edema and mass volumes of 49 patients with posterior fossa metastasis, who underwent surgery during 2012–2016, were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. The edema/mass indices were retrospectively calculated and interpreted by evaluating the demographic, clinical, and survival data.

Results:
The study consisted of 32 (65.3%) male and 17 (34.7%) female participants, with the mean age ± standard deviation of 47.25±29.25 (17–81) years. Among the 49 patients with posterior fossa metastases, 34 (69.4%) had carcinoma, while 15 (30.6%) had non-carcinoma metastases. The edema/mass indices of patients with carcinoma and non-carcinoma metastases were found to be 14.55±9.64 and 1.34±1.08, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). The mean survival of patients with carcinoma and non-carcinoma metastases was found to be 642±11.52 days and 726±9.32 days, respectively; however, this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.787).

Conclusion:
The edema/mass ratio was found to be a significant diagnostic factor for the prediction
of posterior fossa metastases. Further detailed studies are warranted to investigate the effect of
edema/mass ratio on survival rate.
Diagnosis Model of Paraquat Poisoning Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Wang Xianchuan , Wang Hongzhe , Yu Shuaishuai , Wang Xianqin 
Published: March 2021

Background :
The objective of this research was to screen metabolites with specificity differences in the lung
tissue of paraquat-poisoned rats by metabolomics technology and chi-square test method, to provide a theoretical
basis for the study of the mechanisms of paraquat poisoning, and to use machine learning technology to construct
a paraquat poisoning diagnosis model. This provided an intelligent decision-making method for the diagnosis
of paraquat poisoning.

Methods:
18 paraquat-poisoned rats (36 mg/kg) and 16 positive control rats were selected. Lung tissue
from each rat from both groups was extracted and analyzed by GC-MS. The chi-square test for
feature evaluation was used to screen the difference in specific metabolites in the lung tissue between
the paraquat-poisoned rats and the control group, and the SVM classification machine learning
algorithm was used to construct an intelligent diagnosis model.

Results:
In the end, a total of 14 significant metabolic differences were identified between the two
groups (P < 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the constructed SVM paraquat poisoning
diagnostic model reached 95%, 95% and 96.67%, respectively.

Conclusion:
Based on metabolomics technology, the chi-square test for feature evaluation was
used to successfully screen the changes of specific metabolites produced in the lungs after paraquat-
poisoning, and the diagnosis model based on SVM was constructed to provide an intelligent decision
for the diagnosis of paraquat poisoning.
A Magnetic Sensor Based on Poly(γ-Glutamic Acid)-Functionalized Iron
Oxide Nanoparticles for Cr3+ Detection
Authors: Yu Zhibo , Jia Liang , Zhu Jianzhi , Shen Mingwu , Li Jingchao , Jiu Jinting , Li Maoquan , Shi Xiangyang 
Published: March 2021

Background:
The highly sensitive and selective detection of Cr3+ is critical.

Objective:
We report the development of poly(γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA)-functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles (γ-PGA-Fe3O4 NPs) as a magnetic nanosensor for magnetic resonance (MR) detection of trivalent chromium (Cr3+) in aqueous solution.

Methods:
The γ-PGA-Fe3O4 NPs with a mean particle size of 7.3 nm, good colloidal stability and ultrahigh r2 relaxivity (326.8 mM−1s−1) were synthesized via a facile mild reduction approach in the presence of γ-PGA, and used for MR detection of Cr3+.

Results:
Upon exposure to Cr3+, the γ-PGA-Fe3O4 NPs aggregated into nanoclusters as verified by dynamic light scattering due to the coordination of Cr3+ with γ-PGA side chain carboxyl groups, resulting in the decrease in their transverse relaxation time. This MR signal change enables detection of Cr3+ in a concentration range of 0.4-1 nM. We also show that the γ-PGA-Fe3O4 NPs have an excellent selectivity toward Cr3+ and a high recovery percentage of 83.8% or above.

Conclusion:
This study thus demonstrates that the developed γ-PGA-Fe3O4 NPs may be used as a nanoprobe for MR sensing of Cr3+ in water environment.
Phytochemical Investigation of the Antisalmonellal Effect of Cyperus sphacelatus Rottb. (Cyperaceae)
Authors: Mfonku Napoleon A. , Kamsu Gabriel T. , Kodjio Norbert , Ren Jie , Mbah James A. , Gatsing Donatien , Zhan Jixun 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Typhoid fever is a major health burden in Sub-Saharan Africa. Conventional
anti-typhoid drugs are becoming more and more unavailable to most patients in Africa due to
the increased costs and emerging drug resistance. Therefore, there is a need for the discovery of new
antimicrobial agents to combat typhoid fever.

Objective:
This work aimed to investigate the bioactive components in Cyperus sphacelatus Rottb.
(Cyperaceae) and test the antisalmonellal activity of the isolated compounds.

Methods:
Compound purification was done through column chromatography. Structure elucidation
was accomplished based on the 1D and 2D NMR, IR and mass spectra. The biological assay was
done using five bacterial strains, including Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica sérovars Typhi
ATCC 6539 (STS), S. enterica subsp. enterica sérovars Typhi (ST), S. enteritidis (STE), S. enterica
subsp. enterica sérovars Typhimurim (STM), and a resistant isolate of S. enterica subsp. enterica
sérovars Typhi (ST566).

Results:
Three natural products were isolated from the methylene chloride extract of the rhizomes
of C. sphacelatus, including a new furanoquinone, scabequinon-6(14)-ene (1) and two known compounds,
cyperotundone (2) and vanillin (3). Compound 1 showed moderate antisalmonellal activity,
with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 32 μg/mL against STM and STS. The best inhibitory
result was obtained with compound 2 on STM with a MIC of 8 μg/mL. Compound 2 also gave
the best minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 32 μg/mL on the STM strain.

Conclusion:
The discovery of the three antisalmonellal compounds from C. sphacelatus supports
the addition of this plant to typhoid fever preparations.
PEMINJAMAN KEBIJAKAN (POLICY BORROWING) UNTUK PERENCANAAN PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Sholikhah Ebni 
Published: March 2021

Peminjaman kebijakan merupakan bagian dari studi komparasi pendidikan. Meminjam kebijakan dari negara lain menjadi hal biasa di era globalisasi untuk merencanakan pendidikan di suatu negara. Hanya saja, tidak semua ekspektasi atas keberhasilan kebijakan yang diadopsi dari negara lain mampu di capai negara peminjam. Kebijakan baru yang disusun mungkin malah mengandung dan mengundang masalah baru. Artikel ini menggambarkan tentang peminjaman kebijakan dalam perencanaan pendidikan. Beberapa hal yang tercakup antara lain sejarah peminjaman kebijakan, peminjaman kebijakan dalam konteks perencanaan pendidikan, dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan peminjaman kebijakan. Kata Kunci: Peminjaman Kebijakan (Policy Borrowing), Pendidikan Komparatif, Perencanaan Pendidikan
Point-of-Care Quantification of Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein for Screening Birth Defects in Resource-Limited Settings: Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Srinivasan Balaji , Finkelstein Julia L , Erickson David , Mehta Saurabh 
Published: March 2021

Background
Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) concentration typically increases during pregnancy and is routinely measured during the second trimester as a part of screening for fetal neural tube defects and Down syndrome. However, most pregnancy screening tests are not available in the settings they are needed the most. A mobile device–enabled technology based on MSAFP for screening birth defects could enable the rapid screening and triage of high-risk pregnancies, especially where maternal serum screening and fetal ultrasound scan facilities are not easily accessible. Shifting the approach from clinic- and laboratory-dependent care to a mobile platform based on our point-of-care approach will enable translation to resource-limited settings and the global health care market.

Objective
The objective of this study is to develop and perform proof-of-concept testing of a lateral flow immunoassay on a mobile platform for rapid, point-of-care quantification of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, from a drop of human serum, within a few minutes.

Methods
The development of the immunoassay involved the selection of commercially available antibodies and optimization of their concentrations by an iterative method to achieve the required detection limits. We compared the performance of our method with that of commercially obtained human serum samples, with known AFP concentrations quantified by the Abbott ARCHITECT chemiluminescent magnetic microparticle immunoassay (CMIA).

Results
We tested commercially obtained serum samples (N=20) with concentrations ranging from 2.2 to 446 ng/mL to compare the results of our point-of-care assay with results from the Abbott ARCHITECT CMIA. A correlation of 0.98 (P<.001) was observed on preliminary testing and comparison with the CMIA. The detection range of our point-of-care assay covers the range of maternal serum AFP levels observed during pregnancy.

Conclusions
The preliminary test results from the AFP test on the mobile platform performed in this study represent a proof of concept that will pave the way for our future work focused on developing a mobile device–enabled quad-screen point-of-care testing with the potential to enable the screening of high-risk pregnancies in various settings. The AFP test on the mobile platform can be applied to enable screening for high-risk pregnancies, within a few minutes, at the point of care even in remote areas where maternal serum tests and fetal ultrasound scans are not easily accessible; assessment of whether clinical follow-up and diagnostic testing may be needed after a positive initial screening evaluation; and development of surveillance tools for birth defects.
The Hittite Notion of Border. A practical view
Authors: Kryszeń Adam 
Published: March 2021

The Hittite cuneiform texts (16th-12th cent. BCE) contain a number of detailed descriptions of borders of various countries and territories. Such fragments, mainly found in the international treaties as well as the annals of the kings, clearly reflect the particular formal interest on the part of the Hittite rulers in specific delimitation of political territories.
Although the Hittite listings of the topographical points, which make up a frontier can extend over many lines of texts, one never finds any use of cardinal directions which would indicate the position of these points. Instead, the Hittite scribes applied a peculiar internal reference system that combines the position of the speaker and another point of reference in order to locate a specific part of the border.
The talk will briefly review the corpus of the Hittite border descriptions and discuss how such fragments were conceptualized. It will also tackle the question, whether they reflect a ‘bird’s eye’, cartographic view of the land, or rather a ground-level, hodological perspective.
Deteksi Motif Batik Menggunakan Ekstraksi Tekstur dan Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan
Authors: Amanullah Raynaldi Fatih , Pujianto Ade , Pratama Bayu Trisna , Kusrini Kusrini 
Published: March 2021

<p>Penelitian ini mengajukan sebuah metode klasifikasi batik menggunakan ekstraksi fitur tekstur serta klasifikasi menggunakan jaringan syaraf tiruan (artificial neural network). Metode ekstraksi fitur tekstur yang digunakan adalah DWT, GLCM dan Local Binary Pattern (LBP). Ekstraksi fitur dengan GLCM dan DWT menghasilkan 24 fitur yang terdiri dari 5 fitur GLCM dan koefisien energi dalam 4 sub-band channel hasil dekomposisi. Sementara ekstraksi fitur dengan LBP dilakukan dengan membangun histogram dari matriks hasil LBP. Fitur-fitur tersebut kemudian menjadi masukan bagi jaringan syaraf tiruan untuk kemudian diklasifikasi dalam 5 jenis batik: buketan, ceplok, kawung, parang dan truntum. Dataset yang digunakan adalah 50 gambar batik (10 untuk setiap motif) yang diambil secara acak di internet. Pengujian dilakukan dengan membandingkan dua kelompok fitur: DWT-GLCM dan DWT-GLCM-LBP untuk mengetahui metode ekstraksi fitur yang lebih baik dalam deteksi motif batik. Metode pengujian yang digunakan adalah K-Fold Cross Validation dengan hasil berupa confusion matriks untuk kemudian dihitung nilai akurasi dan F-Measure-nya. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan ekstraksi fitur tekstur DWT-GLCM-LBP mampu mencapai akurasi 74% dengan jenis dekomposisi Daubechies 4 level 3.</p>
Perancangan Perizinan Santri Menggunakan Bahasa Pemograman PHP/MySQL Di SMP Nurul Ikhlas
Authors: Fadila Riri Ratna , Aprison Wedra , Musril Hari Antoni 
Published: March 2021

<p><em>Perizinan siswa adalah proses siswa mendapatkan izin dari petugas piket untuk tidak mengikuti pembelajaran dikarenakan suatu hal yang mendesak. Perizinan ini membutuhkan suatu pencatatan yang digunakan sebagai arsip. Perizinan ini membutuhkan suatu pencatatan yang digunakan sebagai arsip. Petugas piket sering mendapatkan kendala ketika memberikan izin siswa, yaitu dalam rekap data, dan data izin yang valid. Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi dengan pengurusan perizinan </em><em>yang </em><em>masih manual atau belum terkomputerisasi yaitu dengan cara mengisi blangko yang telah disediakan pada masing-masing pihak yang berwenang memberikan izin sesuai dengan alur perizinan yang telah ditetapkan dan permasalahan yang timbul adalah banyaknya berkas yang hilang dan data perizinan santri tidak valid. Dan untuk mengatasi itu maka di rancanglah seuah program khusus untuk perizinan santri yang ingin meninggalkan lokasi asrama. Program ini dibuat dengan menggunakan PHP murni. Program ini dibuat dengan menggunakan PHP murni. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian Reseacrh and Development (R&amp;D. Produk yang dihasilkan dalam penelitian ini bisa digunakan oleh staf asrama (wali kamar), staf sekolah (kesiswaan), staf disiplin kegiatan (disgiat/pusat pemberian izin) , serta staf kesehatan (poliklinik). Disgiat (admin) dan wali kamar, wakil kesiswaan. Poliklinik (user.</em> <em>Produk yang dihasilkan dalam penelitian ini bisa digunakan oleh staf asrama (wali kamar), staf sekolah (kesiswaan), staf disiplin kegiatan (disgiat/pusat pemberian izin) , serta staf kesehatan (poliklinik). Disgiat (admin) dan wali kamar, wakil kesiswaan. Poliklinik (user). Sedangkan uji validitas dari 3 orang expert diperoleh nilai 0,83 yang dinyatakan valid, sedangkan untuk uji praktikalitas dari 3 orang praktisi diperoleh nilai 87 yang dinyatakan Sangat praktis. dan untuk uji efektifitas dari 15 wali kamar diperoleh nilai 0,90 yang dinyatakan sangat efektif.</em><em></em></p>
ANALISIS GAP TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI MENGGUNAKAN ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE BERBASIS TOGAF PADA POLITEKNIK NEGERI PONTIANAK
Authors: Widayanti Tri 
Published: March 2021

<em>Pengolahan data mahasiswa antara bagian BAAK dengan tiap-tiap Prodi di Politeknik Negeri Pontianak (POLNEP) selama ini belum memaksimalkan teknologi informasi yang dimiliki. Oleh karena itu, agar proses pengolahan data mahasiswa lebih baik lagi maka diperlukan Enterprise Architecture untuk pengelolaan teknologi informasi yang baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang rencana teknologi informasi dengan Enterprise Arcitechture menggunakan The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) di BAAK Politeknik Negeri Pontianak (POLNEP), untuk meningkatkan pengolahan data dan menyelaraskan antara bisnis dan fungsi teknologi. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi literature, survei dan wawancara. Model TOGAF digunakan untuk menganalisis gap atau kesenjangan antara arsitektur target dan arsitektur saat ini. Untuk menyelaraskan fungsi bisnis dan teknologi informasi, Politeknik Negeri Pontianak memerlukan proses bisnis, sistem informasi dan arsitektur teknologi. Hasil penelitian berupa perencanaan teknologi informasi dengan Enterprise Architecture menggunakan TOGAF untuk meningkatkan proses pengolahan data yang terintegrasi antara BAAK dengan tiap-tiap Prodi sehingga lebih efektif dan efisien.</em>
Analisis Quality Of Service (QoS) Pada Laboratorium Komputer MAN 3 Karawang
Authors: Lesmana Rudi Wildantoro , Hannie Hannie , Sulistiyowati Nina 
Published: March 2021

<p>MAN 3 Karawang saat ini telah menggunakan jaringan internet dan telah menerapkan sistem UNBK. Menurut Kepala Laboratorium Komputer (LabKomp), Bapak Suryadi menyebut bahwa sistem UNBK mulai diterapkan di MAN 3 Karawang yaitu pada tahun 2017 untuk tingkat SLTP dan SLTA. Namun pada tahun 2019 bertepatan dengan pelaksanaan try out Ujian Nasional (UN) tingkat SLTP, di sekolah tersebut pernah mengalami gangguan jaringan internet yang berdampak pada pemberhentiannya kegiatan tersebut untuk tahun 2019. Try out tersebut hanya terlaksana 1 hari dari waktu yang seharusnya yaitu 3 hari, yang berarti hanya terlaksana untuk satu mata pelajaran. Setelah dilakukan wawacara kepada 10 pengguna internet pada MAN 3 Karawang diketahui bahwa pada jaringan internet MAN 3 Karawang sering terjadi gangguan konektivitas dan jaringan internet lambat. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut dilakukan penelitian yaitu menganalisis kinerja lalu lintas jaringan internet pada MAN 3 Karawang menggunakan teknik QoS (Quality Of Service) dengan parameter yang dijadikan acuan untuk QoS yaitu bandwith, delay, jitter, throughput, dan packet loss. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu metode Action Research. Berdasarkan hasil pada penelitian ini diketahui bahwa kualitas jaringan internet pada MAN 3 Karawang kurang layak untuk melaksanakan UNBK.</p>
MUDANÇAS NO CLIMA E A DISTRIBUIÇÃO POTENCIAL FUTURA DE Mimosa scabrella BENTH
Authors: Da Silva Mariéle Alves Ferrer , Higuchi Pedro , Da Silva Ana Carolina 
Published: March 2021

Objetivou-se predizer como a distribuição potencial de Mimosa scabrella Benth. será impactada por mudanças no clima. Para as coordenadas geográficas da espécie, foram consideradas 19 variáveis bioclimáticas e a altitude. O nicho bioclimático foi modelado por intermédio do algoritmo de Máxima Entropia (Maxent). A qualidade dos ajustes foi verificada por meio dos valores de TSS. Foram realizadas projeções para o ano de 2070, utilizando-se o consenso dos ajustes com TSS > 0,85, considerando um cenário otimista (RCP4.5) e um pessimista (RCP8.5), conforme o quinto relatório do IPCC. M. scabrella apresenta distribuição fitogeográfica de caráter subtropical, sendo influenciada principalmente pela quantidade de chuva no verão e isotermalidade. Nos cenários mais e menos otimistas estima-se que haverá uma redução de, respectivamente, 21,7 e 48,9% em sua área de ocorrência potencial. Em se tratando de áreas estratégicas para a conservação da espécie, se destacaram as áreas planálticas e serranas na região Sul e Sudeste.