bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Student Exchange Program With Siemens-Westinghouse
Authors: Rogers Hugh K. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A Student Exchange Program began with four students from Germany visiting Siemens-Westinghouse and the University of Central Florida in Summer, 1999, as an initiative from Siemens training officials in Muelheim, Germany. In Summer 2000, a program with four German apprentices coming to the U.S. and four U.S. interns working and studying in Germany was very successful. The initial UCF students continued part-time work at Siemens during their senior year and were offered full-time employment upon graduation. Not only did the German students complete their work, but some of them returned for employment in the U.S.
Siemens, as a multinational enterprise, is preparing technologists and engineers to understand product design and manufacturing for integrated systems in international markets. Students will benefit from an understanding of the systems, standards, and cultures involved. The internship model being developed uses the best from the German and U.S. systems and merits further study and implementation.
The Use of Spreadsheets for Significant Engineering Analysis in Engineering Technology and Physical (and Natural) Science Courses: The Development of an Instructional Primer of Spreadsheet Solution Techniques in Applied Mechanical Engineering Technology Subjects
Authors: Di Bella Francis A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The course work in any engineering discipline is necessarily based on an assumption that the student has a good foundation of fundamental engineering mathematics. Yet, many Engineering Technology courses have been born out of the desire to provide the student with the more straightforward and practical application of the art and science of engineering to realistic engineering problems while minimizing the need for sophisticated mathematical solutions.
This dilemma can be resolved by utilizing an inexpensive mathematical tool that is virtually omnipresent in even the least expensive PC: the spreadsheet. It is a software package that even the most mathematically challenged student is well aware and is comfortable in using for routine mathematical if not specifically, engineering applications: data reduction, curve-fitting, plug-in iterative solutions, etc.
This paper will describe the author’s effort, with the support from Northeastern University’s Provost Office and The Center for Effective University Teaching (CEUT), in providing the ET student (and in the future, the physical science student) with a powerful tool for solving non-trivial engineering and physical science problems while also helping the student understand the engineering and scientific fundamentals behind the solutions. This effort will hopefully culminate in the development of an instructional Primer that can be used by engineering and Arts and Science students when studying engineering and physical (and natural) sciences.
Using Discrete Event Simulation Software in a MET Program
Authors: Verma Alok K. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Discrete event simulation software can be an effective tool for teaching comparative analysis of manufacturing systems for improving performance. ProModel software is used in a computer integrated manufacturing course in the Mechanical Engineering Technology Program for this purpose. Use of this tool allows an instructor to demonstrate the pros and cons of various manufacturing scenarios and recommend a solution. Student interest is enhanced by assigning simulation of real life problems from local industries.
The Development of an Inexpensive and Easy Natural Convection Experiment
Authors: Vlcek Brian L. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
With a simple, inexpensive apparatus natural convective heat transfer is determined experimentally and compared to theoretical values as part of an undergraduate laboratory. A cylindrical heating cartridge is placed horizontally through the wall of a clear plastic tank. The tank contains water. Surface temperature is measured along the axis of the heating cartridge, and bulk water temperature is determined. Power input to the cartridge heater is known, and no losses are assumed. Theoretical convective heat transfer from the cartridge heaters is determined by finding the Nusselt number using conventional relationships in the literature, calculating the convective heat transfer coefficient, and solving for heat transfer. Agreement between experimental and theoretical heat transfer values is good, and a basic concept in heat transfer is thus demonstrated in the classroom. Comparisons are made between different Nusselt correlations, students gain an appreciation for the range of acceptable answers, and a simple, calculus-based analytical correction is applied to the result.
Co-Simulation of Power Steering Control and Vehicle Dynamic Responses
Authors: Liao Gene Y. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Many general-purpose and specialized simulation codes are becoming more flexible which allows analyses to be carried out simultaneously in a coupled manner called co-simulation. Using co-simulation technique, this paper develops an integrated simulation of an Electric Power Steering (EPS) control system with a full vehicle dynamic model. A full vehicle dynamic model interacting with EPS control algorithm is concurrently simulated on a single bump road condition. The effects of EPS on the vehicle dynamic behavior and handling responses resulting from steer and road input are analyzed and compared with proving ground experimental data. The comparisons show reasonable agreement on tie-rod load, rack displacement, steering wheel torque and tire center acceleration. This developed co-simulation capability may be useful for EPS performance evaluation and calibration as well as for vehicle handling performance integration.
Ultrasonic Interfacial Waves in a Finitely Strained Elastic Structure
Authors: Sotiropoulos D. A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Ultrasonic interfacial waves in a finitely strained elastic structure are examined. The structure consists of an incompressible surface layer and a compressible half-space both materials being non-linear elastic and isotropic with otherwise general strain energy densities. On the underlying strain which is in general different in the two materials are superposed ultrasonic interfacial waves. The dispersion equation is obtained in explicit form for pre-strain with common principal axes in the two materials. For a small surface layer, the wave speed is derived in explicit form yielding material parameter conditions for the non-existence of interfacial waves.
IR Thermography Scanning Technique in the Assessment of Airport Pavements
Authors: Moropoulou Antonia , Avdelidis Nicolas P. , Koui Maria 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Corrosion of asphalt pavements is a major problem involved with materials engineering and transportation engineering. Asphalt pavements frequently start to deteriorate slowly primarily, gradually progressing to failure. Such failure can be expensive in terms of both money and lives, but can also be prevented. For that reason, intelligent techniques should be suggested, with the intention of examining the condition of such engineering structures. IR thermography is a non-destructive technique that has the ability to inspect effectively substantial areas, such as airport pavements. It has been used successfully in the detection of cracks, voids and other imperfections appearing either from the aging of the materials or due to poor workmanship. Investigation of asphalt overlays by the means of IR thermography is possible, given that subsurface defects in a material influence the heat flow through that material, generating surface temperature alterations. Despite that, other issues such as, environmental conditions and surface temperatures should also be considered, in an attempt to obtain reliable results. In this research work, a selection of asphalt pavements located at the International Airport of Athens, in Greece, are investigated by the use of scanning IR thermography. In conclusion, this paper describes the problem of deteriorated airport pavements, the process and the apparatus used for the in situ tests, whilst the results obtained lead to the suggestion of a predictive monitoring non-destructive technique for the inspection and appropriateness of airport pavements.
On Establishing the Limits of a Virtual Test Rig
Authors: Hill D. Lee , Liu Zheji , Sorokes Jim 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The use of a virtual test rig to numerically test turbomachinery hardware can be extremely cost effective if the results obtained are physically correct and relatively accurate. The literature clearly shows that a lot of emphasis has been placed on single component validation optimized for a single operation point. There are few studies, however, that have clearly documented the numerical issues surrounding the modeling of a complete stage of a centrifugal compressor across its operating range. This effort uses a generic low flow stage design to demonstrate the accuracy to expect from the current state-of-the-art technology found in both commercial and research computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. Even effects stemming from secondary flow paths are considered in this study. For design and off-design operation toward surge, 360-degree transient calculations are compared to those obtained from using the steady state fixed-rotor approximation. Finally, all work is ultimately compared to detailed test data obtained from single stage testing.
Experimental Measurement of the Natural Convection Heat Transfer for Horizontal Helicoidal Pipes
Authors: Kidane Getnet S. , Fakheri Ahmad 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The natural convection heat transfer coefficient for the helicoidal coils are experimentally measured and compared with those for horizontal cylinders. It is found that when the coil pitch to pipe diameter ratio is less than around 1.2, the heat transfer coefficient of the coils approaches that of a horizontal cylinder having a diameter equal to the coil diameter. For the P/d ratio greater than 1.4, the heat transfer coefficient approaches that for horizontal cylinder of diameter d. A modified characteristic, length which incorporates the tube diameter, the coil diameter, and the coil spacing, is used to define Nusselt and Rayleigh numbers. Using the proposed characteristic length, it is shown that the Nusselt number for horizontal helicoidal pipes can be determined using the available Nusselt and Rayleigh number correlation for straight horizontal cylinders in the range of the experimental and available data, Ra ≤ 105, within a maximum deviation of 15.4%.
A New Method to Improve Pyrometry Results
Authors: Haque Zakirul , Huque Ziaul , Jahingir Md. N. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The paper shows how appropriate selection of the expression of sound speed as a function of temperature can improve the results obtained using acoustic pyrometers. Sound propagation within high temperature hydrocarbon combustion products was considered. Three different mathematical models for calculating sound speed were discussed. Results obtained using all three methods were presented. The paper observed that, it is important to consider the effects of chemical kinetics for a certain frequency range to obtain better results.
Evaporation Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of HFC-134a Inside a Plate Heat Exchanger
Authors: Ouazia B. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
An experimental investigation was carried out to provide data on heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop for upward flow of refrigerant 134a in a typical plate heat exchanger. Upflow boiling of R-134a in one channel receives heat from the hot downflow of water in the two adjacent channels. Measurements were conducted on three sets of plates with chevron angles of 0°, 30°, and 60°, and the effects of mean vapor quality, mass flux, and heat flux on the evaporation heat transfer and pressure drop were explored. It was found that the channels with small chevron angle have higher heat transfer than channels with large chevron angle, for both subcooling and vapor quality inlet conditions. It was clear that the heat transfer coefficients were not sensitive to the heat flux but were dependent on the flow conditions (mass velocity and vapour quality). Based on the experimental data, empirical correlations for the evaporation heat transfer enhancement factor and the two-phase pressure drop multipliers were proposed.
Study of Pressure Drop of Refrigerant Mixtures Inside Enhanced Surface Tubing
Authors: Sami S. M. , Grell J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Two phase flow pressure drop characteristics observed during condensation and boiling of azeotropic refrigerant mixtures R-404A (R125/R134a/R143a:44/4/52), R-407B (R32/R125/ R134a:10/70/20), R407C (R32/R125/R134a:23/25/52) and R408A (R22/R125/R143a:46/7/47) are presented in this paper.
Experiments showed that for liquid Reynolds numbers higher than 3.00 E06, R-408A appears to have greater heat transfer rates than the other blends under investigation. Furthermore, it is quite evident from this data that R-407C has the highest specific pressure drop among the refrigerants under investigation.
Novel Lightweight Metal Foam Heat Exchangers
Authors: Haack David P. , Butcher Kenneth R. , Kim T. , Lu T. J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
An overview of open cell metal foam materials with application to advanced heat exchange devices is presented. The metal foam materials considered consist of interconnected cells in a random orientation. Metal foam materials, manufacture and fabrication into complex heat exchange components are described. Experiments with flat foam panels brazed to copper sheets shows increasing heat removal effectiveness with decreasing product pore size at equivalent coolant flow rates. However, the high-pressure drop associated with flow through small pore-size material makes the use of larger pore size material more attractive.
Experimental Results on the Application of a High-Voltage Capacitance-Based Technology to Reduce Biofouling in Reverse Osmosis Systems
Authors: Fiadjoe T. , Chau D. S. , Phelan P. E. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
As the use of reverse osmosis (RO) machines becomes prevalent in our society, more attention is being paid to reducing their operational and maintenance costs. One method of improving efficiency is by adequate pretreatment of the feed water to the RO system. A proposed alternative to current chemical treatment methods is a novel high-voltage, capacitance-based system that utilizes electrostatic dispersion techniques. This alternative method of treatment was experimentally evaluated and was found to be effective in certain aspects of RO pretreatment. An experimental apparatus was designed based on two nominally identical household RO systems. The two systems were subject to identical, but variable, feed conditions. The technology proved effective in reducing the bacterial contamination levels in an RO system, although it did not completely eliminate the formation of biofilm.
Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure on Damage in Particulate Composites
Authors: Kwon Y. W. , Liu C. T. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Hydrostatic pressure affects the damage growth in a particulate composite. As a result, an analytical model was presented to represent the damage growth in a particulate composite under various hydrostatic pressures. The model was based on a multi-level approach with damage description at the micro-level. A damage theory was presented to describe the material behavior under hydrostatic pressure. The effect of hydrostatic pressure was introduced to the damage theory through the damage function that was assumed to be a function of both deviatoric and volumetric strain energy densities. The predicted stress-strain curves with hydrostatic pressure compared well with the experimental data. Furthermore, the initial crack size at a notch tip was studied with and without hydrostatic pressure. The initial crack size determined from the computer modeling and simulation agreed well with the measured data with or without hydrostatic pressure.
Experimental Evaluation of Fatigue Parameters Using Constant K Fracture Specimens
Authors: Cammino R. , Gosz M. , Mostovoy S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We explore the use of constant K fracture specimens for experimental determination of fatigue properties of aluminum alloys. The shape of the contoured portions of the fracture specimens (required to keep the mode I stress intensity factor constant during crack propagation under constant cyclic loading) was obtained by a combined finite element-least squares minimization procedure. After conducting the experiments, the crack growth rate versus ΔK data was observed to exhibit significantly less scatter than fatigue data for the same material taken from the literature. In addition, the experimental procedure is much simpler to carry out than traditional closed-loop computer controlled procedures.
Free-Vibration of Rotating Composite Beams Incorporating Higher-Order Transverse Shear Effects
Authors: Chandiramani N. K. , Librescu L. I. , Shete C. D. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The free vibration behavior of a rotating blade modeled as a laminated composite hollow (single celled) box beam is studied. The geometrically nonlinear structural model developed herein incorporates a number of non-classical effects such as anisotropy, heterogeneity, transverse shear flexibility, and warping inhibition. The centrifugal and Coriolis force field effects are also included. The main focus here being the refinement of the existing model, the traction-free boundary conditions are satisfied here in contrast to the existing model. The resulting linearized equations and numerical results based on them are presented. Results obtained for the present higher-order shearable model are compared with those of the existing first-order shearable and the non-shearable models. Tailoring studies using the present model reveal an enhancement of eigenfrequency characteristics.
Probabilistic HCF Life Estimation of a Mechanical Component
Authors: Singh Murari P. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Goodman Diagram method or similar methods are used to estimate safety of a mechanical structure under high cycle fatigue loading for any combination of alternating and mean stresses. Magnitude of the factor of safety (FS) indicates margin from nominal design capable of desired performance. The value of larger than one of FS is desired to account for uncertainty and variability in loads and material properties. This FS based on stress does not provide any direct knowledge about the life of the mechanical structure. A FS based on life can be derived and used in conjunction with Goodman concept. This method yields an estimate of FS based on life (FN) for a given stress based FS for any combination of alternating and mean stresses.
A procedure is described in this paper that helps in estimating reliability of a mechanical structure. Reliability depends on the magnitude of stresses and material properties. Usually variability in load and in material properties can be quantified by a statistical distribution. Methods of probabilistic theories can be used to determine the influence of these variations on the reliability.
The procedure utilizes established methods and theories to yield practical evaluation of reliability. First, the modified Goodman equation of factor of safety is combined with the life equation proposed by Jo Dean Morrow (Dowling, 1999). This provides a relationship between calculated factor of safeties based on stress and life. Finally, the developed equations are utilized in a probabilistic approach that incorporates statistical distribution of uncertainties. This procedure yields reliability assessment of a mechanical structure to perform an expected task.
Investigation of Nanomechanical Properties of the Interphase in a Fiber Reinforced Plastic Composite
Authors: Khanna Sanjeev K. , Winter Robb M. , Ranganathan P. , Yedla S. B. , Paruchuri K. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Glass fiber reinforced plastic composites are widely used as structural materials. These two phase materials can be tailored to suit a large variety of applications. A better understanding of the properties of the fiber-matrix ‘interphase’ can enable more optimum design of composites. The interphase is a microscopic region around the fiber and hence nano-scale investigation using nano-indentation techniques is appropriate to determine mechanical property variations. In this study the atomic force microscope with the Hysitron indenter has been used to determine the variation of the elastic modulus across the interphase for different silane coated glass fiber reinforced polyester composites. A comparative study of the elastic modulus variation in the interphase is reported. The results are discussed in the light of the current limitations of the instrumentation and analysis.
Eigenvalue Analysis of Oscillatory Variable State Paper Winder
Authors: Launis Sirpa , Keskinen Erno 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Winding is a paper finishing process, in which the full paper web is longitudinally cut and wound in narrower paper rolls to fit later to printing machines. The quality of the paper roll is measured in terms of uniform roundness and axially symmetric internal stress and stiffness distribution. Unfortunately dynamic effects disturb winding process so that out-of-roundness shape error profiles may accumulate to the rolls. The reason for this phenomenon is mechanical oscillation, in which the set of rolls and the three winding drums are in relative motion in normal direction of their rolling contact plane. The time evolution of this process is extremely complicated since the roll size as well as contact conditions and running frequencies are changing during the complete process. To avoid unwanted resonance crossings the system eigenstates have to be as first step analyzed and compared with the roll speed harmonics at each roll diameter. This analysis is carried out using linearized spring-mass model, whose parameters are updated according to the roll growth. The spring elements represent the local stiffnesses of roll-drum contacts in both normal and tangential directions, the effect of latter ones being actually a novel element introduced in this analysis.
Progress in Railroad Freight Car Engineering
Authors: Punwani Swamidas K. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Every year the Rail Transportation Division (RTD), American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) conducts a survey to document progress in the design, construction and use of freight cars and components. The response in 2001 was not overwhelming. New developments were scarce. The industry continued to focus on the evolution of freight equipment in 2001 by adding flexibility and versatility to designs developed in the recent past.