bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient, caregiver, and health care provider perspectives on barriers and facilitators to heart failure care in Kerala, India: A qualitative study
Authors: Jose Prinu , Ravindranath Ranjana , Joseph Linju M. , Rhodes Elizabeth C. , Ganapathi Sanjay , Harikrishnan Sivadasanpillai , Jeemon Panniyammakal 
Published: April 2021

Background: Deficits in quality of care for patients with heart failure (HF) contribute to high mortality in this population. This qualitative study aimed to understand the barriers and facilitators to high-quality HF care in Kerala, India. Methods: Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of health care providers (n=13), patients and caregivers (n=14). Additionally, focus group discussions (n=3) were conducted with patients and their caregivers. All interviews and focus group discussions were transcribed verbatim. Textual data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Patients’ motivation to change their lifestyle behaviours after HF diagnosis and active follow-up calls from health care providers to check on patients’ health status were important enablers of high-quality care. Health care providers’ advice on substance use often motivated patients to stop smoking and consuming alcohol. Although patients expected support from their family members, the level of caregiver support for patients varied, with some patients receiving strong support from caregivers and others receiving minimal support. Emotional stress and lack of structured care plans for patients hindered patients’ self-management of their condition. Further, high patient loads often limited the time health care providers had to provide advice on self-management options. Nevertheless, the availability of experienced nursing staff to support patients improved care within health care facilities. Finally, initiation of guideline-directed medical therapy was perceived as complex by health care providers due to multiple coexisting chronic conditions in HF patients. Conclusions: Structured plans for self-management of HF and more time for patients and health care providers to interact during clinical visits may enable better clinical handover with patients and family members, and thereby improve adherence to self-care options. Quality improvement interventions should also address the stress and emotional concerns of HF patients.
Use of Strategic Tools in Farm Management: Evidences From The Brazilian Countryside
Authors: Todescato Cavalheiro Rafael , Kremer Andréia Maria , Toesca Gimenes Regio Márcio , Baratelli Márcio , Braga Pitteri Luciano 
Published: April 2021

Este estudo buscou identificar as características associadas ao uso das ferramentas estratégicas no contexto das propriedades rurais. Para tanto, foi realizado um survey, com uma amostra de 181 produtores rurais da microrregião de Dourados, no Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Testou-se a associação das variáveis por meio da estatística , Coeficiente e Coeficiente de Cramer. Os resultados revelam que o uso das ferramentas estratégicas está associado ao nível de conhecimento sobre gestão estratégica, grau de escolaridade, tamanho da fazenda, uso de sistemas de controle, separação de gastos da fazenda dos gastos pessoais da família e nível de conhecimento sobre gestão de custos. Verificou-se que houve avanços em termos de adoção de práticas de gerenciamento estratégico, porém ainda predomina a gestão informal ou pouco desenvolvida nas fazendas investigadas.
Approximate Voigt function formula for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy fitting
Authors: Chen Siying , Jia Yiwen , Chen He , Guo Pan , Xu Qixiang , Wang Lifu , Zhang Yinchao 
Published: April 2021

Accurate and rapid spectrum fitting is very important for quantitatively analyzing laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The Voigt function is often used to fit LIBS spectral lines. We propose a new approximate Voigt function formula. Based on the classic Lorentz–Gauss linear combination formula, a summation term was added that contained a specific convolution operation to improve the Voigt function’s calculation and fitting accuracy. This formula can be used for the approximate calculation of the Voigt function with an overall accuracy of 0.31% and a full width at half-maximum internal accuracy of 0.25% when the ratio of Lorentzian linewidth to Gaussian linewidth is 1:1. The formula was then applied to LIBS data processing to fit four element spectral lines of calcium (Ca-393.37, 396.85, and 422.67 nm) and potassium (K-766.49 nm). The fitting results showed that this new approximate formula could fit at least seven data points, and compared with the complex plane partition method and the classic linear combination formula, the new formula had better fitting speed and accuracy.
Reconfigurable carbon quantum emitters from CO2 gas reduced via surface plasmons
Authors: Walia Jaspreet , Rashid Sabaa , Killaire Graham , Variola Fabio , Weck Arnaud , Berini Pierre 
Published: April 2021

Silver gratings supporting surface plasmons at 532 nm catalyze the formation of light-emitting solid carbon from

C
O

2

gas, revealing a low-energy

C
O

2

reduction pathway involving hot electrons. Reversibility and spatial control over the formation of carbon quantum emitters are achieved.
Stillbirth rates, service outcomes and costs of implementing NHS England’s Saving Babies’ Lives care bundle in maternity units in England: A cohort study
Authors: Widdows Kate , Roberts Stephen A. , Camacho Elizabeth M. , Heazell Alexander E. P. 
Published: April 2021

Objective
To assess implementation of the Saving Babies Lives (SBL) Care Bundle, a collection of practice recommendations in four key areas, to reduce stillbirth in England.

Design
A retrospective cohort study of 463,630 births in 19 NHS Trusts in England using routinely collected electronic data supplemented with case note audit (n = 1,658), and surveys of service users (n = 2,085) and health care professionals (n = 1,064). The primary outcome was stillbirth rate. Outcome rates two years before and after the nominal SBL implementation date were derived as a measure of change over the implementation period. Data were collected on secondary outcomes and process outcomes which reflected implementation of the SBL care bundle.

Results
The total stillbirth rate, declined from 4.2 to 3.4 per 1,000 births between the two time points (adjusted Relative Risk (aRR) 0.80, 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) 0.70 to 0.91, P<0.001). There was a contemporaneous increase in induction of labour (aRR 1.20 (95%CI 1.18–1.21), p<0.001) and emergency Caesarean section (aRR 1.10 (95%CI 1.07–1.12), p<0.001). The number of ultrasound scans performed (aRR 1.25 (95%CI 1.21–1.28), p<0.001) and the proportion of small for gestational age infants detected (aRR 1.59 (95%CI 1.32–1.92), p<0.001) also increased. Organisations reporting higher levels of implementation had improvements in process measures in all elements of the care bundle. An economic analysis estimated the cost of implementing the care bundle at ~£140 per birth. However, neither the costs nor changes in outcomes could be definitively attributed to implementation of the SBL care bundle.

Conclusions
Implementation of the SBL care bundle increased over time in the majority of sites. Implementation was associated with improvements in process outcomes. The reduction in stillbirth rates in participating sites exceeded that reported nationally in the same timeframe. The intervention should be refined to identify women who are most likely to benefit and minimise unwarranted intervention.

Trial registration
The study was registered on (NCT03231007); www.clinicaltrials.gov.
Verification of the accommodative responses in viewing an on-axis analog reflection hologram
Authors: Lee Seunghyun , Gentet Philippe , Kim Jungho , Ha Sungjae , Kwon Soonchul 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Vergence and accommodation responses of human vision are very important factors when a 3D image is observed, and a vergence-accommodation conflict (VAC) causes perceptual distortion, visual discomfort, and fatigue for an observer. Theoretically, a hologram is expected to provide a 3D image without such a conflict. In this article, natural focusing was verified by human accommodation response (A-R) measurement during on-axis analog reflection Denisyuk hologram observation. The A-R of a group of participants were measured for a real marker and its Denisyuk hologram at various visualization distances using an Nvision K5001 autorefractor. The experimental results statistically confirmed the equivalence of the responses to the Denisyuk hologram and its real counterpart, as well as the absence of a VAC.
Gaussian radial basis functions method for linear and nonlinear convection–diffusion models in physical phenomena
Authors: Wang Fuzhang , Zheng Kehong , Ahmad Imtiaz , Ahmad Hijaz 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, we propose a simple direct meshless scheme based on the Gaussian radial basis function for the one-dimensional linear and nonlinear convection–diffusion problems, which frequently occur in physical phenomena. This is fulfilled by constructing a simple ‘anisotropic’ space–time Gaussian radial basis function. According to the proposed scheme, there is no need to remove time-dependent variables during the whole solution process, which leads it to a really meshless method. The suggested meshless method is implemented to the challenging convection–diffusion problems in a direct way with ease. Numerical results show that the proposed meshless method is simple, accurate, stable, easy-to-program and efficient for both linear and nonlinear convection–diffusion equation with different values of Péclet number. To assess the accuracy absolute error, average absolute error and root-mean-square error are used.
On the optical solutions to nonlinear Schrödinger equation with second-order spatiotemporal dispersion
Authors: Rezazadeh Hadi , Adel Waleed , Eslami Mostafa , Tariq Kalim U. , Mirhosseini-Alizamini Seyed Mehdi , Bekir Ahmet , Chu Yu-Ming 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this article, the sine-Gordon expansion method is employed to find some new traveling wave solutions to the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with the coefficients of both group velocity dispersion and second-order spatiotemporal dispersion. The nonlinear model is reduced to an ordinary differential equation by introducing an intelligible wave transformation. A set of new exact solutions are observed corresponding to various parameters. These novel soliton solutions are depicted in figures, revealing the new physical behavior of the acquired solutions. The method proves its ability to provide good new approximate solutions with some applications in science. Moreover, the associated solution of the presented method can be extended to solve more complex models.
Irreversibility as thermodynamic time
Authors: Hwang Charles C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn Newtonian mechanics, time and space are perceived as absolute entities. In Einstein’s relativity theory, time is frame dependent. Time is also affected by gravitational field and as the field varies in space, time also varies throughout space. In the present article, the thermodynamic-based time is investigated. In macroscopic view of thermodynamics, energy is conserved in every system or process. On the other hand, exergy (availability) is not conserved and can be destroyed, and “irreversibility” is generated. Since each thermodynamic system may generate different amounts of irreversibility, this quantity is system dependent. The present article investigates the characteristics of entity irreversibility. (1) It is found that the entity behaves in the similar manner as the clock time in the standard configuration of inertial frames under Lorentz transformation. (2) It is also found that the entity is affected by gravity fields in the similar manner as the clock time. We have demonstrated that, like clock time, irreversibility is frame dependent, and affected by gravity in the similar manner as the clock time. For these reasons, we propose to call theirreversibilityof the system as the thermodynamic time. The time’s arrow is automatically satisfied, since irreversibility generation always proceeds in one direction (toward future). Based on the strength of the findings (1) and (2), a possible application of the irreversibility is an interpretation and management of the aging of biological systems. It is shown by other authors that entropy generation (equivalent to irreversibility) is a parameter for the human life span. Our sensation of time flow may be attributed to the flow of availability and destruction of it through the living system.
Algebraic computational methods for solving three nonlinear vital models fractional in mathematical physics
Authors: Gepreel Khaled A. , Mahdy Amr M. S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This research paper uses a direct algebraic computational scheme to construct the Jacobi elliptic solutions based on the conformal fractional derivatives for nonlinear partial fractional differential equations (NPFDEs). Three vital models in mathematical physics [the space-time fractional coupled Hirota Satsuma KdV equations, the space-time fractional symmetric regularized long wave (SRLW equation), and the space-time fractional coupled Sakharov–Kuznetsov (S–K) equations] are investigated through the direct algebraic method for more explanation of their novel characterizes. This approach is an easy and powerful way to find elliptical Jacobi solutions to NPFDEs. The hyperbolic function solutions and trigonometric functions where the modulus and, respectively, are degenerated by Jacobi elliptic solutions. In this style, we get many different kinds of traveling wave solutions such as rational wave traveling solutions, periodic, soliton solutions, and Jacobi elliptic solutions to nonlinear evolution equations in mathematical physics. With the suggested method, we were fit to find much explicit wave solutions of nonlinear integral differential equations next converting them into a differential equation. We do the 3D and 2D figures to define the kinds of outcome solutions. This style is moving, reliable, powerful, and easy for solving more difficult nonlinear physics mathematically.
Is There a Limit to Human Life Expectancy?
Authors: Levesque Alexander Ryan 
Published: April 2021

The analysis and prediction of life expectancy trends hold an important role in many aspects of our society. On a macro level, governments rely on life expectancy data to make decisions about public welfare programs, health care, retirement age, and pension programs. On an individual level, many people take life expectancy data into account when planning their retirements and making decisions about their future. Currently, two main schools of thought dominate the debate on the trajectory of life expectancy trends. The Olshansky School argues that global human life expectancy is reaching its absolute limit and predicts that a worldwide plateau in life expectancy will soon be reached. The Vaupel School, however, believes that such a plateau is nowhere in sight, and that humans possess no biological barrier that will prevent life expectancy from increasing indefinitely. In this commentary, I build upon the evidence generated by the Vaupel School by introducing socioeconomic factors into the debate and I argue that with consistent improvements to medical technology and general prosperity we will not encounter a biological limit to human life expectancy in our lifetimes.
Variable Branching Characteristics of Peripheral Taste Neurons Indicates Differential Convergence
Authors: Huang Tao , Ohman Lisa C. , Clements Anna V. , Whiddon Zachary D. , Krimm Robin F. 
Published: April 2021

Taste neurons are functionally and molecularly diverse, but their morphologic diversity remains completely unexplored. Using sparse cell genetic labeling, we provide the first reconstructions of peripheral taste neurons. The branching characteristics across 96 taste neurons show surprising diversity in their complexities. Individual neurons had 1–17 separate arbors entering between one and seven taste buds, 18 of these neurons also innervated non-taste epithelia. Axon branching characteristics are similar in gustatory neurons from male and female mice. Cluster analysis separated the neurons into four groups according to branch complexity. The primary difference between clusters was the amount of the nerve fiber within the taste bud available to contact taste-transducing cells. Consistently, we found that the maximum number of taste-transducing cells capable of providing convergent input onto individual gustatory neurons varied with a range of 1–22 taste-transducing cells. Differences in branching characteristics across neurons indicate that some neurons likely receive input from a larger number of taste-transducing cells than other neurons (differential convergence). By dividing neurons into two groups based on the type of taste-transducing cell most contacted, we found that neurons contacting primarily sour transducing cells were more heavily branched than those contacting primarily sweet/bitter/umami transducing cells. This suggests that neuron morphologies may differ across functional taste quality. However, the considerable remaining variability within each group also suggests differential convergence within each functional taste quality. Each possibility has functional implications for the system.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTaste neurons are considered relay cells, communicating information from taste-transducing cells to the brain, without variation in morphology. By reconstructing peripheral taste neuron morphologies for the first time, we found that some peripheral gustatory neurons are simply branched, and can receive input from only a few taste-transducing cells. Other taste neurons are heavily branched, contacting many more taste-transducing cells than simply branched neurons. Based on the type of taste-transducing cell contacted, branching characteristics are predicted to differ across (and within) quality types (sweet/bitter/umami vs sour). Therefore, functional differences between neurons likely depends on the number of taste-transducing cells providing input and not just the type of cell providing input.
A preliminary investigation of the molten salt mediated synthesis of Gd2TiO5 ‘stuffed’ pyrochlore
Authors: Austin D. A. , Cole M. , Stennett M. C. , Corkhill C. L. , Hyatt N. C. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Refractory ‘stuffed’ pyrochlores such as Gd2TiO5 are of interest for nuclear applications, including as matrices for actinide disposition and as neutron absorbers in control rods. Here, we report the results of a preliminary comparative investigation of the synthesis of Gd2TiO5 by molten salt and conventional solid-state synthesis. We show that synthesis of Gd2TiO5 proceeds from the pyrochlore phase Gd2Ti2O7 which is first formed as a kinetic product. Molten salt synthesis afforded single phase Gd2TiO5 at 1300 °C in 2 h, via a template growth mechanism, and is effective for the synthesis of these refractory materials. This work demonstrates molten salt mediated synthesis of ‘stuffed’ pyrochlore for the first time.

Graphic abstract
Usefulness of transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions in the assessment of Eustachian tube dysfunction - a case study
Authors: Pastucha Małgorzata , Piłka Edyta , Jędrzejczak Wiesław , Skarżyński Henryk 
Published: April 2021

WstępEmisje otoakustyczne (OAEs) należą do obiektywnych metod badań słuchu. Pozwalają na ocenę stanu ucha wewnętrznego oraz monitorowanie zmian zachodzących na drodze słuchowej.CelCelem pracy była analiza przydatności emisji otoakustycznych wywołanych trzaskiem w ocenie zaburzeń funkcji trąbki słuchowej u osoby dorosłej.Materiał i metodaU 23-letniego pacjenta określono próg słyszenia z wykorzystaniem audiometrii tonalnej. Następnie sprawdzono stan ucha środkowego (audiometria impedancyjna) i oceniono drożność trąbki słuchowej. Do rejestracji emisji otoakustycznych wywołanych trzaskiem (TEOAE) wykorzystano nieliniowy protokół z bodźcem o poziomie 80 dB SPL.Opis przypadkuW standardowo wykonywanych badaniach diagnostycznych – audiometrii tonalnej i impedancyjnej – nie zaobserwowano istotnych różnic pomiędzy wynikami otrzymanymi w momencie wystąpienia zaburzenia funkcji trąbki słuchowej w stosunku do tych sprzed incydentu i po zastosowaniu leczenia. Natomiast zauważono, że w momencie gdy wyniki wskazywały na zaburzenia funkcji trąbki słuchowej, nastąpiło zmniejszenie poziomu odpowiedzi OAE, głównie dla 1 kHz i 1,4 kHz w stosunku do poziomu emisji, który rejestrowano u pacjenta w chwili, gdy trąbka pracowała prawidłowo.WnioskiAudiometria tonalna i impedancyjna to badania, które są mniej czułe na niewielkie zmiany zachodzące w układzie przewodzącym narządu słuchu niż emisje otoakustyczne. Największe zmiany w OAE widoczne były głównie dla częstotliwości średnich – 1 kHz i 1,4 kHz.
Pedagogical conditions for the organization of work with vocationally oriented text in the process of teaching a foreign language
Authors: Pushkareva Irina A. 
Published: April 2021

The author of the paper attempts to develop a set of pedagogical conditions that contribute to the organization of effective work of students with a vocationally oriented text in the process of learning a foreign language in order to form common cultural and professional competencies.
To consider a vocationally oriented text as a means of creating common cultural and professional competencies, it is necessary to create certain pedagogical conditions for students that contribute to the effectiveness of this process. In this regard, the author of the paper tried to identify and substantiate the pedagogical potential of a vocationally oriented text, instructional conditions for organizing work with it and psychological and pedagogical conditions based on the personal characteristics of students, responsible for the perception of information as a fundamental component of the communication process.
The author discloses the concept of pedagogical conditions and creates a set of basic pedagogical conditions for organizing the effective work of students with a vocationally oriented text. The conditions determining the pedagogical potential of the text are discussed, within the framework of which the sequence of the students passing certain stages of work is shown, in order to create their own meaning and counter text. Instructional conditions are analyzed, defining forms, techniques and methods of training, contributing to the effective organization of work with the text, and indicators of formation of declared competencies are highlighted. As part of study of psychological and pedagogical conditions, the possibilities of organizing the educational process are considered, taking into account the psychological and personal characteristics of students.
The paper discloses the need to organize training on the basis of authentic texts, as a means of introducing students to the cultural values of the English-speaking countries, in order to search for their own meanings, form self-consciousness, reflection and skills to interact in intercultural communication.
The introduction of the considered pedagogical conditions into the educational process made it possible to systematize work with a vocationally oriented text and showed its effectiveness in the formation of common cultural and professional competencies.