bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ontogenesis of catabolic abilities and energy metabolism during endogenous nutritional periods of tongue sole,Cynoglossus semilaevis
Authors: Jia Qian , Ni Yuan , Min Shengnan , Ming Liang , Qian Yiwen , Cen Xueyan , Wang Jialian , Tong Xuehong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe ontogenesis of catabolic abilities and energy metabolism during endogenous nutritional periods of tongue sole was investigated. In this work, trypsin‐like proteases (TRY) and triglyceride lipase (LIP) activities were measured to assess the capacities to catabolize proteins and lipids, respectively. Meanwhile, specific enzymes including pyruvate kinase (PK), glutamic oxalo acetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (HOAD) as well as their ratios were assayed to evaluate the abilities to use energy substrates of carbohydrates, amino acids and fatty acids, respectively, for energy production. In addition, activities of citrate synthase (CS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and LDH/CS ratio were calculated to analyse the evolution of aerobic and anaerobic pathways. The study found that hatching occurred at 38.8 h after fertilization (HAF), mouth‐opening day of eleuteroembryo appeared at 3 days after hatching (DAH), and the most rapid embryonic growth was observed in blastula stage before hatching. Enzymatic assay revealed that except for PK which appeared in cleavage stage onwards, all the other enzymes functioned after fertilization, preparing well for the coming embryogenesis of tongue sole. By comparing the average specific activity of enzyme in each period, it can be found that the highest value occurred at 3 DAH (for TRY, LIP, PK and LDH), 2 DAH (for GDH), fertilized egg (for GOT) and segmentation stage (for HOAD and CS), and the lowest value occurred at fertilized egg (for HOAD, CS and GDH), cleavage stage (for TRY, PK and LDH), gastrula stage (for GOT) and hatching day (for LIP). Based on the changeable patterns of metabolic enzymatic activities and ratios, it is concluded that metabolic capacities on three energy substrates displayed stage‐specific traits, and the dominant energy substrate was fatty acids before segmentation stage, amino acids until hatching day and carbohydrate during eleuteroembryo period. As for energy production mode, aerobic pathway appeared to increase greater in fertilized egg and gastrula stage, whereas anaerobic pathway played a predominant role during cleavage stage, blastula stage, segmentation stage and eleuteroembryo stage. These results are valuable to elucidate the nutritional requirements of embryonic stages in tongue sole and to further understand their energy metabolic mechanisms.
The significance of nursing home managers' leadership—longitudinal changes, characteristics and qualifications for perceived leadership, person‐centredness and climate
Authors: Backman Annica , Lövheim Hugo , Lindkvist Marie , Sjögren Karin , Edvardsson David 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesThe aim was to explore changes in nursing home managers’ leadership, person‐centred care and psychosocial climate comparing matched units in a five‐year follow‐up and to explore the significance of managers’ educational qualifications and the ownership of nursing homes for perceived leadership, person‐centred care and psychosocial climate in the follow‐up data.BackgroundLeadership has been described as crucial for person‐centred care and psychosocial climate even though longitudinal data are lacking. The significance of managerial leadership, its characteristics, managerial qualifications and ownership of nursing homes for perceived leadership, person‐centred care and psychosocial climate also needs further exploration.DesignRepeated cross‐sectional study.MethodsThis study used valid and reliable measures of leadership, person‐centred care, psychosocial climate and demographic variables collected from managers and staff n = 3605 in 2014 and n = 2985 in 2019. Descriptive and regression analyses were used. The STROBE checklist was used in reporting this study.ResultsLeadership was still positively significantly associated to person‐centred care in a five‐year follow‐up, but no changes in strength were seen. Leadership was still positively significantly associated with psychosocial climate, with stronger associations at follow‐up. Six leadership characteristics increased over time. It was also shown that a targeted education for nursing home managers was positively associated with person‐centred care.ConclusionsLeadership is still pivotal for person‐centred care and psychosocial climate. Knowledge of nursing home managers’ leadership, characteristics and educational qualifications of significance for person‐centred delivery provides important insights when striving to improve such services.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings can be used for management and clinical practice development initiatives because it was shown that nursing home managers’ leadership is vital to person‐centred care practices and improves the climate for both staff and residents in these environments.
CXCL3 overexpression affects the malignant behavior of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells via the MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Weng Jinru , Ren Qiaosheng , Li Zhehao , Wang Weiqun , Guan Jian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveCXCL3, a member of the chemokine family, plays a key role in angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and cell invasion and migration. However, the role of CXCL3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore the expression of CXCL3 in OSCC and to explore the role of CXCL3 in human OSCC HSC‐4 cells and its molecular mechanism.MethodsThe expression of CXCL3 in human OSCC tissues was assessed using immunohistochemistry and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. In vivo and in vitro experiments investigated the effects of CXCL3 on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells.ResultsThe expression of CXCL3 in tumors is higher than that in normal tissues and is closely related to stage and lymph node metastasis. In vitro experiments showed that the proliferation and migration ability of HSC‐4 cells treated with exogenous recombinant human CXCL3 and HSC‐4 cells overexpressing CXCL3 were enhanced. Experiments on xenografts in nude mice showed that overexpression of CXCL3 promotes tumor growth in vivo. GSEA showed that patients with high expression of CXCL3 have varying degrees of enrichment in cytokine‐cytokine receptor interaction, apoptosis, Jak‐STAT signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway. Subsequent mechanism studies showed that the use of ERK1/2 blocker PD98059 can attenuate the proliferation and migration effects induced by CXCL3.ConclusionCXCL3 is involved in the occurrence of OSCC and may become a potential therapeutic target.
Prognostic assessment of different methods for eosinophils detection in oral tongue cancer
Authors: Caponio Vito Carlo Alberto , Togni Lucrezia , Zhurakivska Khrystyna , Santarelli Andrea , Arena Claudia , Rubini Corrado , Lo Muzio Lorenzo , Troiano Giuseppe , Mascitti Marco 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundTATE has been proposed as a prognostic factor in oral cancer staging; however, the controversial literature data limit its application in the routine diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of TATE in patients with oral tongue cancer. The second aim was to identify any difference in the methods of eosinophil quantification or in the cutoff values reported in literature.MethodsClinic‐pathological data of 204 patients treated at “Ospedali Riuniti” Hospital, Ancona, Italy, were collected. Evaluation of TATE was performed on hematoxylin‐and‐eosin‐stained slides and correlation with survival outcomes was evaluated. The number of eosinophils per square millimeter was evaluated by using two methods, namely density (TATE‐1) and classical (TATE‐2) methods. For each of the 2 methods tested, patients were stratified into two or three groups, according to the most used cutoff values reported in literature.ResultsRegardless of the method of eosinophil quantification or the cutoff values used, patients with high TATE had a significantly better disease‐specific survival. The density method (TATE‐1) showed a better predictive performance, in particular when applying a single cutoff of 67 eosinophils/mm2, two cutoffs of 10 and 100 eosinophils/mm2, or two cutoffs of 50 and 120 eosinophils/mm2.ConclusionThe evaluation of TATE is simple, cost‐effective, and easy to implement in daily practice with the aim of improving risk stratification of patients affected by oral tongue cancer. Results of prognostic performance analysis suggest using density (TATE‐1) method as the standard approach to evaluate TATE in future studies, enhancing replicability.
LISTENING TO WOMEN
Authors: Peters Rebecca Todd 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe current abortion conversation is disordered by a justification framework rooted in patriarchal and misogynist assumptions about women, pregnancy, childbearing, and mothering. This traditionalist framing of the abortion conversation relies heavily on misleading and damaging stereotypes about women who have abortions that have functioned to stigmatize abortion and the women who have them. This stigmatization has contributed to the effective erasure of women’s voices and experiences in discussions about abortion. Recognizing the value of the feminist methodological claim for situated knowledge, this paper examines the moral wisdom of women who have terminated pregnancies for fetal anomalies, in order to explore how their experiences might contribute to a more morally robust framework for understanding the moral complexity of abortion decisions and theorizing new ways of understanding the ontological meaning of gestation.
Treatment induced clearance of hepatitis E viruses by interferon‐lambda in liver‐humanized mice
Authors: Sari Gulce , Mulders Claudia E. , Zhu Jingting , van Oord Gertine W. , Feng Zongdi , Kreeft‐Voermans Jolanda J.C. , Boonstra Andre , Vanwolleghem Thomas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis E viruses (HEV) are an underestimated global cause of enterically transmitted viral hepatitis, which may persist in immunocompromised hosts, posing a risk for progressive liver fibrosis with limited treatment options. We previously established liver‐humanized mice as a model for chronic HEV infections, which can be cleared by a 2‐week pegylated (peg)‐Interferon(IFN)α treatment course. However, severe side effects may hamper the use of IFNα in immunocompromised transplant recipient patients. IFNλ may be a valuable alternative, as its receptor is less ubiquitously expressed.AimsIn this study, we assess the in vitro and in vivo potency of pegIFNλ to induce innate immune signalling in liver cells and to clear a persistent HEV infection in liver‐humanized mice.Methods & ResultsWe found that human liver cells expressed the IFNλ receptor (IFNLR1) and are responsive to pegIFNλ. Treatment with pegIFNλ of liver‐humanized mice persistently infected with HEV genotype 3 showed that pegIFNλ was well tolerated. Dose escalation studies showed that although HEV was not cleared at pegIFNλ doses up to 0.12 mg/kg for a maximum of 8 weeks, a dose of 0.3 mg/kg pegIFNλ treatment resulted in complete clearance of HEV antigen and HEV RNA from the liver in 8 out of 9 liver‐humanized mice.ConclusionsPegIFNλ is well tolerated in mice and leads to clearance of a persistent HEV infection in liver‐humanized mice.
A population‐based study of pyogenic liver abscess in Korea: Incidence, mortality and temporal trends during 2007‐2017
Authors: Yoo Jeong‐Ju , Lee Tae Kyu , Kyoung Dae‐Sung , Park Min‐Ae , Kim Sang Gyune , Kim Young Seok 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground/AimsAlthough the epidemiology of pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) continues to change, only a few population‐based studies have been conducted in Korea. This study investigated the epidemiology and clinical outcomes of PLA patients during a period of 10 years.MethodsWe analysed the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service data between 2007 and 2017. The data included annual incidence rates, demographic data, underlying diseases, complications and mortality of PLA patients.ResultsThe annual incidence of PLA for all age groups was 10.9 per 100 000 population. The incidence was gradually increased from 5.7 per 100 000 in 2007 to 14.4 per 100 000 in 2017. In patients with liver abscess, the prevalence of diabetes and malignancy were 37.24% and 26.5% respectively. Metastatic infection was reported in 1.74% of the patients, and endophthalmitis was most common. The mean in‐hospital mortality was 9.6%, and there was no significant difference in mortality by year during the observation period. Mortality increased with age and was greatly affected by the underlying diseases, especially cancer. Based on the multivariate analysis results, the mortality of PLA patients was associated with older age, female sex, diabetes, malignancy and chronic kidney disease.ConclusionThe PLA incidence is rapidly increasing in Korea, especially in people with comorbidities. In addition, the causes and risk factors of PLA infections are changing and thus further research on epidemiology, different diagnosis and management approaches is required.
Carbon and nitrogen dynamics in a tropical mangrove along the southwestern coast of India
Authors: Regina Hershey Neduvelil , Bijoy Nandan Sivasankaran , Schwing Patrick T. , Neelima Vasu Kanikulath 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIt is imperative to understand the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools in tropical mangrove systems considering the diminished C storage potential and increasing nutrient loading in a global context due to rising anthropogenic disturbances. Here, we report that the Mangalavanam Coastal Wetland (MCW), a tropical mangrove stand, is a C‐rich environment, with high sediment total organic carbon (70.35 ± 23.84 mg/g) and the δ13C (−26.56 ± 0.65‰) signatures indicate that the major source of carbon in the study area is from mangrove litter. The total nitrogen concentration in the sediment (3.78 ± 0.18 mg/g) was high despite the low N environment of mangrove ecosystems where the mangrove leaf litter was a major contributor to C. The sediment δ15 N (7.70 ± 0.23‰) signatures indicated that the influence of anthropogenic N discharges and the contribution of marine algae were the primary cause of N enrichment. The mean δ13C and δ15N signatures of the mature mangrove leaves of the MCW were −28.66 ± 1.04‰ and 5.93 ± 0.65‰, respectively. The mangrove dweller crab Parasesarma plicatum was observed to have enriched δ13C (−23.78 ± 0.33‰) and δ15N (6.54 ± 0.35‰) signatures, indicative of a mixed dietary source. This study provides the impetus for ongoing conservation efforts to limit the loss of carbon storage and protect against the impact of anthropogenic nitrogen loadings on lowering the carbon and nitrogen emission potential for this system, which can have implications for other tropical mangrove systems as well.
Gait trajectory‐based interactive controller for lower limb exoskeletons for construction workers
Authors: Ren Bin , Luo Xurong , Li Heng , Chen Jiayu , Wang Yao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLower limb exoskeletons (LLEs) are sets of mechanical devices used to support the action of human lower limbs. This recently developed technology has unprecedented potential in the construction industry by increasing the strength, endurance, and other physical capabilities of construction workers. For safety considerations, LLEs need reliable and responsive controllers to closely match their mechanical operation with human gait in a synchronous manner. This research proposes the use of physical human–robot interactive (pHRI) controllers that are suitable for construction tasks. The proposed pHRI integrates a gait trajectory‐based musculoskeletal model with iterative control algorithms. To minimize the trajectory tracking error between LLEs and human lower limbs, the gait dynamic was modeled as a spring damping and impedance model for supporting and swing phases. An iterative adaptive controller was developed for trajectory tracking and predication. To validate the proposed model, an in‐lab experiment to simulate typical construction activities was conducted, allowing us to assess tracking error. The experiment results suggest that the proposed model can minimize the trajectory tracking error to a level acceptable for safe operation. The iterative controllers allow fast error convergence for different construction scenarios with proper calibration. Therefore, the proposed pHRI iterative controllers are reliable and suitable for complicated activities within the dynamic working conditions intrinsic to construction sites.
Incremental peritoneal dialysis is a safe and feasible prescription in incident patients with preserved residual kidney function
Authors: Huang Louis L. , Mah Jia Y. , Howard Jennifer , Roberts Matthew A. , McMahon Lawrence P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundIncremental peritoneal dialysis (PD) is recommended as a component of high‐quality care by the international society for PD; however, its feasibility and clinical outcomes have not been widely reported. The aim of this study is to describe our experience with incremental PD.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of incident PD patients at Eastern Health between 2015 and 2019. Patients who stopped PD within 30 days were excluded. Incremental PD was defined in CAPD as using <8 L/day of exchange volume and in automated PD as dialysing without a last fill. Dialysis modality accorded with patient and physician preferences.ResultsThe 96 patients were included in this study; 54 with incremental PD. Compared to full‐dose PD, incremental PD patients were more likely to be female, had less comorbid diabetes (28% vs. 52%) and higher residual kidney function (RKF) (Kt/V 2.0 ± 0.7 vs. 1.4 ± 0.7). Age, BMI and starting eGFR did not differ between groups. Incremental PD exposed patients to lower exchange volumes (4.4 ± 2.1 vs. 8.5 ± 1.1 L/day), glucose load (46 ± 41 g/day vs. 119 ± 46) and was associated with a longer peritonitis‐free survival. PD technique survival, rates of peritonitis or hospitalization were comparable between groups. Predictors for longer incremental PD use included older age and higher starting eGFR.ConclusionsIncremental PD is a feasible, goal‐directed initial prescription in patients with RKF with comparable peritonitis rates and technique survival. Validation of this prescription in prospective studies is warranted.
Humean nomic essentialism
Authors: Bhogal Harjit , Perry Zee R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHumeanism – the idea that there are no necessary connections between distinct existences – and Nomic Essentialism – the idea that properties essentially play the nomic roles that they do – are two of the most important and influential positions in the metaphysics of science. Traditionally, it has been thought that these positions were incompatible competitors. We disagree. We argue that there is an attractive version of Humeanism that captures the idea that, for example, mass essentially plays the role that it actually does in the laws of nature. In this paper we consider the arguments that have lead many to conclude that Humeanism cannot be combined with Nomic Essentialism; we identify the weaknesses in these arguments; and we argue in detail that a version of Humeanism based on a variant of the Best System account of laws captures the key intuitions behind nomic essentialism.
Trophic state alters the mechanism whereby energetic coupling between photosynthesis and respiration occurs in Euglena gracilis
Authors: Gain Gwenaëlle , Vega de Luna Félix , Cordoba Javier , Perez Emilie , Degand Hervé , Morsomme Pierre , Thiry Marc , Baurain Denis , Pierangelini Mattia , Cardol Pierre 
Published: August 2021

Summary

The coupling between mitochondrial respiration and photosynthesis plays an important role in the energetic physiology of green plants and some secondary‐red photosynthetic eukaryotes (diatoms), allowing an efficient CO2 assimilation and optimal growth.

Using the flagellate Euglena gracilis, we first tested if photosynthesis–respiration coupling occurs in this species harbouring secondary green plastids (i.e. originated from an endosymbiosis between a green alga and a phagotrophic euglenozoan). Second, we tested how the trophic state (mixotrophy and photoautotrophy) of the cell alters the mechanisms involved in the photosynthesis–respiration coupling.

Energetic coupling between photosynthesis and respiration was determined by testing the effect of respiratory inhibitors on photosynthesis, and measuring the simultaneous variation of photosynthesis and respiration rates as a function of temperature (i.e. thermal response curves). The mechanism involved in the photosynthesis–respiration coupling was assessed by combining proteomics, biophysical and cytological analyses.

Our work shows that there is photosynthesis–respiration coupling and membrane contacts between mitochondria and chloroplasts in E. gracilis. However, whereas in mixotrophy adjustment of the chloroplast ATP/NADPH ratio drives the interaction, in photoautotrophy the coupling is conditioned by CO2 limitation and photorespiration. This indicates that maintenance of photosynthesis–respiration coupling, through plastic metabolic responses, is key to E. gracilis functioning under changing environmental conditions.
Three polarly localized ammonium transporter 1 members are cooperatively responsible for ammonium uptake in rice under low ammonium condition
Authors: Konishi Noriyuki , Ma Jian Feng 
Published: August 2021

SummaryAmmonium is a preferential nitrogen form for rice (Oryza sativa) grown in paddy field, but the molecular mechanisms for ammonium uptake have not been well understood.We functionally characterized three members belonging to ammonium transporter 1 (AMT1) and investigated their contributions to ammonium uptake.Spatial expression analysis showed that the upregulated expression ofOsAMT1;1andOsAMT1;2and downregulated expression ofOsAMT1;3by ammonium were higher in the root mature region than in the root tips. All OsAMT1 members were polarly localized at the distal side of exodermis in the mature region of crown roots and lateral roots. Upon exposure to ammonium, localization of OsAMT1;1 and OsAMT1;2 was also observed in the endoplasmic reticulum, but their abundance in the plasma membrane was not changed. Single knockout of either gene did not affect ammonium uptake, but knockout of all three genes resulted in 95% reduction of ammonium uptake. However, the nitrogen uptake did not differ between the wild‐type rice and triple mutants at high ammonium and nitrate supply.Our results indicate that three OsAMT1 members are cooperatively required for uptake of low ammonium in rice roots and that they undergo a distinct regulatory mechanism in response to ammonium.