bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic impact according to the proportion of the lepidic subtype in stage IA acinar‐predominant lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jeon Hyun Woo , Kim Young‐Du , Sim Sung Bo , Moon Mi Hyoung 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer and most adenocarcinomas have heterogeneous subtypes. Acinar‐predominant adenocarcinoma is the most common. This study aimed to identify the prognostic impact of other mixed histological subtypes in acinar‐predominant lung adenocarcinoma.MethodsThe medical records of patients with pathological stage IA acinar‐predominant lung adenocarcinoma between January 2010 and April 2016 were reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups according to the proportion of the lepidic subtype, with a cutoff value of 20%, and prognostic factors were analyzed.ResultsA total of 215 patients with stage IA acinar‐predominant adenocarcinoma were reviewed. The 20% or more lepidic subtype group had a low value of SUVmax (p = 0.001), good differentiation (p < 0.001) and a low incidence of the solid histological subtype (p = 0.016). Recurrence was significantly lower in the 20% or more lepidic subtype group (p = 0.008). The disease‐free survival (p = 0.007) and overall survival (p = 0.046) were significantly different between the two groups. Multivariate analysis showed that lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.006) and no or less than 20% lepidic subtype (p = 0.036) were significant prognostic factors for disease‐free survival.ConclusionsThe lepidic proportion may be useful to predict recurrence in acinar‐predominant stage IA lung adenocarcinoma.
Neuronal loss and microgliosis are restricted to the core of Aβ deposits in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Zhang Jing , Wu Na , Wang Shubo , Yao Zitong , Xiao Fuchuan , Lu Jing , Chen Baian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAmyloid‐β (Aβ) deposits, pathologic tau, and neurodegeneration are major pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The relationship between neuronal loss and Aβ deposits is one of the fundamental questions in the pathogenesis of AD. However, this relationship is controversial. One main reason for the conflicting results may be the confounding effects of pathologic tau, which often coexists with Aβ deposits in the brains of AD patients. To clarify the relationship between neuronal loss and Aβ deposits, mouse models of AD, which develop abundant Aβ deposits in the aged brain without pathologic tau, were used to examine the co‐localization of NeuN‐positive neurons, NF‐H‐positive axons, MBP‐positive myelin sheaths, and Aβ deposits. Neuronal loss, as measured by decreased staining of the neuronal cell body, axon, and myelin sheath, as well as the IBA‐1‐positive microglia, was significantly increased in the core area of cerebral Aβ deposits, but not in adjacent areas. Furthermore, neuronal loss in the core area of cerebral Aβ deposits was correlated with Aβ deposit size. These results clearly indicate that neuronal loss is restricted to the core of Aβ deposits, and this restricted loss probably occurs because the Aβ deposit attracts microglia, which cluster in the core area where Aβ toxicity and neuroinflammation toxicity are restrained. These findings may contribute to our understanding of the relationship between neuronal loss and Aβ deposits in the absence of pathologic tau.
Relapse following bitemporal and high‐dose right unilateral electroconvulsive therapy for major depression
Authors: Jelovac Ana , Kolshus Erik , McLoughlin Declan M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective acute treatment for severe and/or medication‐resistant depression but maintaining remission following completion of a course remains a clinical challenge.MethodsEFFECT‐Dep Trial (ISRCTN23577151) participants with a DSM‐IV major depressive episode who met remission criteria after a randomly assigned course of twice‐weekly brief‐pulse bitemporal (1.5 × seizure threshold) or high‐dose (6 × seizure threshold) right unilateral ECT were monitored for relapse for 12 months. In line with the pragmatic trial design, all patients received treatment‐as‐usual individualised pharmacotherapy during and after ECT; no remitter received continuation ECT.ResultsOf 61 remitters, 24 (39.3%) relapsed, one (1.6%) withdrew from the study while in remission and the remaining 36 (59.0%) stayed well for a year. Most relapses occurred within the first six months, resulting in a cumulative six‐month relapse rate of 31.1%. In a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model, older age (p = 0.039) and psychotic features at pre‐ECT baseline (p = 0.037) were associated with a more favourable long‐term prognosis while a greater number of previous depressive episodes (p = 0.028) and bipolar II (but not bipolar I) diagnosis (p = 0.030) were associated with a worse long‐term outcome. Electrode placement and medication resistance prior to ECT had no effect on relapse. Adjusting for covariates, fewer patients treated with lithium relapsed in the overall group (p = 0.008) and in the unipolar depression subgroup (p = 0.027).ConclusionLong‐term outcome following high‐dose right unilateral ECT does not differ from bitemporal ECT. Prognosis is particularly favourable in older adults, psychotic depression and patients maintained on lithium.
Prevalence of co‐occurring mental illness and substance use disorder and association with overdose: a linked data cohort study among residents of British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Keen Claire , Kinner Stuart A. , Young Jesse T. , Jang Kerry , Gan Wenqi , Samji Hasina , Zhao Bin , Krausz Michael , Slaunwhite Amanda 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsTo estimate the treated prevalence of mental illness, substance use disorder (SUD) and dual diagnosis and the association between dual diagnosis and fatal and non‐fatal overdose among residents of British Columbia (BC), Canada.DesignA retrospective cohort study using linked health, income assistance, corrections and death records.SettingBritish Columbia (BC), Canada.ParticipantsA total of 921 346 BC residents (455 549 males and 465 797 females) aged 10 years and older.MeasurementsHospital and primary‐care administrative data were used to identify a history of mental illness only, SUD only, dual diagnosis or no history of SUD or mental illness (2010–14) and overdoses resulting in medical care (2015–17). We calculated crude incidence rates of non‐fatal and fatal overdose by dual diagnosis history. Andersen–Gill and competing risks regression were used to examine the association between dual diagnosis and non‐fatal and fatal overdose, respectively, adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, incarceration history, social assistance, history of prescription opioid and benzodiazepine dispensing and region of residence.FindingsOf the 921 346 people in the cohort, 176 780 (19.2%), 6147 (0.7%) and 15 269 (1.7%) had a history of mental illness only, SUD only and dual diagnosis, respectively; 4696 (0.5%) people experienced 688 fatal and 6938 non‐fatal overdoses. In multivariable analyses, mental illness only, SUD only and dual diagnosis were associated with increased rate of non‐fatal [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.6–2.1; HR = 9.0, 95% CI = 7.0–11.5, HR = 8.7, 95% CI = 6.9–10.9, respectively] and fatal overdose (HR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.3–2.0, HR = 4.3, 95% CI = 2.8–6.5, HR = 4.1, 95% CI = 2.8–6.0, respectively) compared with no history.ConclusionsIn a large sample of residents of British Columbia (Canada), approximately one in five people had sought care for a substance use disorder or mental illness in the past 5 years. The rate of overdose was elevated in people with a mental illness alone, higher again in people with a substance use disorder alone and highest in people with a dual diagnosis. The adjusted hazard rates were similar for people with substance use disorder only and people with a dual diagnosis.
‘A man can only be truly known in drunkenness and war.’ An anthropological perspective on alcohol use during the Portuguese Colonial War
Authors: Gil Calado Vasco 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and aimTo understand the use of psychoactive substances, one must consider the context and the social circumstances in which the substance use occurs. This paper discusses alcohol use from a socio‐cultural perspective, based on the use of alcoholic beverages among the Portuguese servicemen who fought in the Portuguese Colonial War (1961–74).MethodIn‐depth interviews were carried out with 17 former Portuguese soldiers. Simultaneously, extensive bibliographic and documentary research was carried out based on a broad set of biographical and autobiographical texts by former military personnel. Finally, an on‐line survey (n = 210) was conducted among ex‐combatants of the Portuguese Colonial War.ResultsAlcohol drinking among Portuguese servicemen was high during the Portuguese Colonial War. Socio‐cultural factors (such as regarding alcohol consumption as therapeutic and affirming masculinity) explain why alcohol drinking was so intense and frequent, and why repeated drunken behaviour was tolerated and undervalued by the military authorities, who considered it normal and not a health problem or disorder.ConclusionThe use of alcohol in the Portuguese Colonial War is an empirical example of how what is considered ‘acceptable’, ‘normal’ or ‘pathological’ may depend more on socio‐cultural norms than on objective and measurable criteria, including clinical criteria.
Community‐based smoking cessation treatment for adults with high anxiety sensitivity: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Smits Jasper A. J. , Zvolensky Michael J. , Rosenfield David , Brown Richard A. , Otto Michael W. , Dutcher Christina D. , Papini Santiago , Freeman Slaton Z. , DiVita Annabelle , Perrone Alex , Garey Lorra 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsPeople with anxiety disorders are more likely to smoke and less likely to succeed when they try to quit. Anxiety sensitivity may underlie both phenomena, such that people with high anxiety sensitivity react to interoceptive distress by avoidance. This study aimed to test the efficacy of an exercise program that induced interoceptive distress and thereby created tolerance to this distress in a safe environment.Design, Setting and ParticipantsRandomized clinical trial at four YMCA branches in Austin, Texas, USA. Participants [n = 150; 130 (86.7%) white; 101 (67.3%) female; meanage = 38.6, standard deviation (SD)age = 10.4] were adult, daily smokers with high anxiety sensitivity motivated to quit smoking, who reported no regular moderate‐intensity exercise.InterventionsParticipants were assigned a YMCA personal trainer who guided them through a 15‐week intervention aerobic exercise program. Participants assigned to the personalized intervention trained at 60–85% of their heart rate reserve (HRR), whereas participants assigned to the control intervention trained at 20–40% of their HRR. Participants in both groups received standard behavioral support and nicotine replacement therapy.MeasurementsThe primary outcome was biologically verified 7‐day point prevalence abstinence (PPA) at 6‐month follow‐up.FindingsSixty‐one per cent of participants were available at the 6‐month follow‐up. PPA at 6 months was higher in the personalized intervention than the control intervention [27.6 versus 14.8%; odds ratio (OR) = 2.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.28, 3.80, P = 0.005], assuming missing at random. Anxiety sensitivity declined in both groups with no evidence that this differed between groups.ConclusionsAn exercise program of high intensity increased abstinence from smoking in people with high anxiety sensitivity, but may not have done so by reducing anxiety sensitivity.
Do Female Officers Police Differently? Evidence from Traffic Stops
Authors: Shoub Kelsey , Stauffer Katelyn E. , Song Miyeon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPolitical scientists have increasingly begun to study how citizen characteristics shape whether—and how—they interact with the police. Less is known about how officer characteristics shape these interactions. In this article, we examine how one officer characteristic—officer sex—shapes the nature of police‐initiated contact with citizens. Drawing on literature from multiple fields, we develop and test a set of competing expectations. Using over four million traffic stops made by the Florida State Highway Patrol and Charlotte (North Carolina) Police Department, we find that female officers are less likely to search drivers than men on the force. Despite these lower search rates, when female officers do conduct a search, they are more likely to find contraband and they confiscate the same net amount of contraband as male officers. These results indicate that female officers are able to minimize the number of negative interactions with citizens without losses in effectiveness.
Association between number of replacements and readmissions following total knee and total hip replacements in New South Wales' public hospitals
Authors: Marashi‐Pour Sadaf , Watson Diane E. , Harris Ian A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundTotal knee and total hip replacement are common and resource‐intensive procedures. Complications are associated with worse outcomes and can add to the health care costs, particularly if associated with readmission. The aims of this study were to inform quality improvement by reporting on the extent of variation in readmissions across public hospitals and investigating the association between hospital volume and readmissions.MethodsThis retrospective population‐based cohort study used linked, admitted patient data for a census of all admissions to public and private hospitals. Adults who had an acute hospitalization for total knee or total hip replacement elective surgery and were discharged alive between 1 July 2015 and 30 June 2018 were included. Hospital volumes and risk standardized readmission ratios were calculated, and readmissions included acute hospitalizations following discharge and returns to acute care from non‐acute settings within 60 days.ResultsIn 2015–2018, one in 10 patients were readmitted following total knee or total hip replacement (11.9 and 10.6 per 100 hospitalizations) an increase of 4.9% and 13.1% respectively, compared to 2012–2015. The majority of hospitals had risk standardized readmission ratios no different than expected. The median annual hospital volume was 170 total knee (interquartile range 116–247) and 93 total hip (interquartile range 61–141) procedures with no evidence of a meaningful association between hospital volume and readmissions.ConclusionReadmissions rates for total knee and total hip replacements are increasing. While hospital volume varies, it was not associated with readmission after adjusting for risk factors and any non‐linear association.
Umbilical fissure vein, anatomical variation and potential surgical application
Authors: Idrees Marwan , Zhang Leon , Al‐Ogaili Zeyad , Yau Ho‐Cing V. , Zhu Shaun , Jaques Bryon , Foo Jonathan , Mou Lingjun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe umbilical fissure vein (UFV) is a hepatic vein that travels within the umbilical fissure (or its proximity), providing venous drainage for hepatic segments 3 and 4. Its preservation carries a potential importance in extended right hemi‐hepatectomy, left lateral segmentectomy and extended segment 2 resections.MethodsConsecutive 1‐mm slice thickness portovenous phase intravenous contrast computed tomography (CT) scans of the abdomen performed were retrospectively reviewed during the period of June 2019 to July 2019, with two independent investigators investigating the presence of UFV, its course, insertion and relation to the umbilical fissure.ResultsA total of 244 CTs were identified and 186 included. The UFV was identified on 72.8% of participants, 109 (81.4%) drained into the main left hepatic vein, while the remaining ones drained either from the main middle hepatic vein (16.4%) or the bifurcation between main left and middle hepatic vein (2.2%). The veins course lay 2 mm or less along the length of umbilical fissure in 39.5%, while 57.5% ran within 1 cm along the length of the umbilical fissure.ConclusionPre‐operative identification of UFV could assist in operative planning. The vein can be used as a landmark in surgery and should be preserved in left lateral segmentectomy and extended right hepatectomy to avoid parenchymal congestion of remnant segments.
Diet plays a central role in parental self‐treatment of children with Hirschsprung’s disease—a qualitative study
Authors: Telborn Lovisa , Tofft Louise , Kristensson Hallström Inger , Waldenvik Frida , Axelsson Irene , Stenström Pernilla 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimHirschsprung's disease is a congenital disorder requiring surgery. Most children operated on for Hirschsprung's disease experience postoperative bowel dysmotility. Although various food is known to influence bowel motility, evidence of diet's role and dietary guidelines in treatment of bowel dysfunction in Hirschsprung's disease is lacking. The aim was to explore parental experiences of dietary effects on bowel function in children with Hirschsprung's disease.MethodsA qualitative study including three focus groups with ten parents of children with Hirschsprung's disease at a national Hirschsprung's disease centre. Data were analysed through content analysis.ResultsParents emphasised diet as a strong influencer on their child's bowel function in Hirschsprung's disease. They expressed great concerns about their responsibility and strived hard to explore and adjust dietary habits to control the child's bowel function. Families’ daily and social lives were influenced by the child's diet and bowel function. The parents desired dietary support and guidelines to improve their confidence in self‐treatment of Hirschsprung's disease.ConclusionDietary habits play a key role in parental self‐treatment of bowel function in their children with Hirschsprung's disease. Dietary guidelines for patients with Hirschsprung's disease are anticipated.
The impact of rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics of fuzuloparib in healthy Chinese male volunteers
Authors: Zhang Qiao , Kai Jiejing , Zhai You , Xu Nana , Shentu Jianzhong , Zhang Yanyan , Liang Yanjuan , Wang Yuya , Wu Lihua 
Published: May 2021

AimsThis clinical study was conducted to evaluate the impact of rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics of fuzuloparib.MethodsIn this single‐centre, single‐arm, open‐label, fixed‐sequence study, healthy male subjects took a single 50 mg dose of fuzuloparib on two separate occasions: the first was on Day 1 as monotherapy, and the second was on Day 12 after oral administration of rifampicin 600 mg once daily for 8 days. Series of blood samples were obtained before and after fuzuloparib administration at different time points: pre‐dose, and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours post‐dose. All samples were examined using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. PK parameters were estimated by using a non‐compartmental method with Phoenix WinNonlin software. Safety was assessed by monitoring for changes in vital signs and laboratory tests, physical examinations, and incidences of adverse events (AEs).ResultsA total of 16 Chinese male subjects were enrolled. Of these, 16 and 15 cases were evaluable for PK analysis following administration with fuzuloparib alone and pretreatment with rifampicin, respectively. Pretreatment with rifampicin resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the systemic exposure to fuzuloparib. The treatment ratio and 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for AUC0‐∞ and Cmax were 0.10 (0.095–0.115) and 0.32 (0.281–0.365), respectively. A single administration of fuzuloparib after multiple oral dosing of rifampicin was well‐tolerated, without severe AEs.ConclusionThe exposure of fuzuloparib was dramatically decreased when pretreated with rifampicin. Strong CYP3A4 inducers should be avoided during fuzuloparib treatment.
Society for Endocrinology UK Guidance on the initial evaluation of a suspected difference or disorder of sex development (Revised 2021)
Authors: Ahmed S. Faisal , Achermann John , Alderson Julie , Crouch Naomi S. , Elford Sue , Hughes Ieuan A. , Krone Nils , McGowan Ruth , Mushtaq Talat , O’Toole Stuart , Perry Leslie , Rodie Martina E. , Skae Mars , Turner Helen E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIt is paramount that any child or adolescent with a suspected difference or disorder of sex development (DSD) is assessed by an experienced clinician with adequate knowledge about the range of conditions associated with DSD and is discussed with the regional DSD service. In most cases, the paediatric endocrinologist within this service acts as the first point of contact but involvement of the regional multidisciplinary service will also ensure prompt access to specialist psychology and nursing care. The underlying pathophysiology of DSD and the process of delineating this should be discussed with the parents and affected young person with all diagnostic tests undertaken in a timely fashion. Finally, for rare conditions such as these, it is imperative that clinical experience is shared through national and international clinical and research collaborations.
Comparison of complications and visual outcomes between big‐bubble deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty and penetrating keratoplasty for fungal keratitis
Authors: Chen Xiunian , Li Xiaofeng , Zhang Xiaoyu , Guo Xiaoting , Qi Xiaolin , Li Suxia , Shi Weiyun , Gao Hua 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo compare the postoperative complications and visual outcomes of big‐bubble deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (BB‐DALK) and penetrating keratoplasty (PK) for fungal keratitis (FK).MethodsThis retrospective study included 94 cases of BB‐DALK for FK and 161 cases of PK for FK from a tertiary ophthalmology care centre.ResultsThe most common FK pathogens were Fusarium (n = 84, 32.9%) and Aspergillus (n = 67, 26.3%). The recurrence rates after BB‐DALK and PK were 3.2 and 5%, respectively (p = 0.723). The follow‐up duration was 31.9 ± 15.8 months in the BB‐DALK group and 33.9 ± 15.0 months in the PK group. The immune rejection rate was significantly lower in the BB‐DALK group than in the PK group (1.1 vs. 18.6%, p < 0.001), as was the incidence of secondary glaucoma (p = 0.018). Endothelial cell density in the BB‐DALK group tended to be stable at postoperative month 6, whereas the PK group still attenuated at a hyper‐physiological rate. Postoperative best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) significantly improved in both groups (p < 0.001). No significant difference between‐group was observed in BCVA, refractive cylinder, and spherical equivalent postoperatively.ConclusionBig‐bubble DALK is a useful and safe alternative to PK for medically uncontrolled FK.