bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
APEC: INDONESIA AS A BALANCER AMONG US-CHINA
Authors: Monika Adellia 
Published: December 2021

APEC is an international organization located in the Asia Pacific region. Its member countries are affiliated with the intention of not only developing the regional economy but also making the region stable, because the Asia Pacific region is a busy area visited by international community entities, from developed to developing countries. This research will discuss the role of Indonesia as a counterweight to the interests of the United States and the People's Republic of China, especially in the economic fields of which each country is incorporated in APEC. Because, we know the dominance of the policies issued by the United States and the People's Republic of China in recent years has been very influential both in the international and regional order. The method used is qualitative by conducting a literature study. The approach or theory used in analyzing the discussion is the Concept of Interdependence and Neoliberal Institutionalism. The purpose of this study is to examine the extent of Indonesia's role in efforts to create regional stability between two countries that have more power such as the United States and the People's Republic of China. The results of this study will outline the benefits, opportunities and challenges of Indonesia in APEC membership and its impact on its relationship with the United States and the People's Republic of China.
Keywords: APEC, Interdependence, Neoliberal Institutionalism, Indonesia, United States, China

Abstrak
APEC adalah salah satu organisasi internasional yang berada di kawasan Asia Pasifik. Negara-negara anggotanya tergabung dengan maksud tidak hanya mengembangkan ekonomi kawasan tapi juga menjadikan kawasan tersebut stabil, sebab kawasan Asia Pasifik merupakan kawasan yang ramai disinggahi para entitas masyarakat internasional, dari negara-negara maju hingga berkembang. Penelitian ini akan membahas mengenai peran Indonesia sebagai penyeimbang kepentingan Amerika Serikat dan Republik Rakyat Tiongkok, terutama di bidang ekonomi yang masing-masing negara tersebut tergabung dalam APEC. Sebab, kita ketahui dominasi dari adanya kebijakan yang dikeluarkan oleh Amerika Serikat dan Republik Rakyat Tiongkok beberapa tahun terakhir ini sangat berpengaruh baik di tatanan internasional maupun kawasan. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan melakukan studi literatur. Pendekatan atau teori yang digunakan dalam menganalisa pembahasan adalah Konsep Interdependensi dan Neoliberal Institusionalisme. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah meninjau sejauh mana peran Indonesia dalam upaya menciptakan stabilitas kawasan di antara dua negara yang memiliki power lebih seperti Amerika Serikat dan Republik Rakyat Tiongkok. Hasil penelitian ini akan menguraikan manfaat, peluang dan tantangan Indonesia dalam keanggotaan APEC serta dampaknya terhadap hubungannya dengan Amerika Serikat dan Republik Rakyat Tiongkok.
Kata Kunci: APEC, Interdependensi, Neoliberal Instutisionalisme, Indonesia, Amerika Serikat, Tiongkok
PERSAINGAN CHINA-AUSTRALIA DALAM PEREBUTAN PENGARUH DI KAWASAN PASIFIK
Authors: Hariri Siti Nadjiha 
Published: December 2021

The rise of China in the Pacific region is a threat to Australia as a traditional actor who has an important influence and role in the region. The rise of China pushed Australia to increase its role in the region. The Australian Government responded by channeling funds to Pacific countries to build infrastructure, a step taken by the Australian government is considered to counteract China's influence in the Pacific. With a series of major investment funds and development assistance projects, Australia and China are trying to compete with each other to create a network of their power and influence in the Pacific countries. This journal discusses the role of China-Australia in the competition for influence in the Pacific Region, using qualitative methods aimed at describing and analyzing a phenomenon systematically. This method will explain how China's role in the Pacific region increases and Australia's response as one of the traditional actors in the region. The discussion in this journal is the influence of Australia in the Pacific, the increasing role of China and Australia's response to China's rise in the Pacific Region.
Keywords: Australia, China, Pacific Islands
Abstrak
Kebangkitan Cina di kawasan Pasifik menjadi khusus bagi Australia sebagai aktor tradisional yang memiliki kepentingan dan peran penting dikawasan. Kebangkitan China mendorong Australia untuk meningkatkan kembali perannya dikawasan. Pemerintah Australia merespons dengan akan menyalurkan dana ke negara-negara Pasifik untuk membangun infrastruktur, langkah yang diambil oleh pemerintah Australia ini guna untuk menangkal pengaruh Cina di Pasifik. Dengan bantuan dana investasi utama dan proyek-proyek bantuan pembangunan, Australia dan Cina berusaha saling berlomba-lomba untuk menciptakan jaringan koordinasi dan memfasilitasi mereka di negara-negara Pasifik. Jurnal ini membahas tentang Peran Cina-Australia dalam Persaingan pengaruh di Kawasan Pasifik, dengan mengunakan metode kualitatif yang membahas dan menganalisa fenomena yang sistematis. Metode ini akan menjelaskan cara meningkatkan peran Cina dikawasan Pasifik serta respons Australia sebagai salah satu aktor tradisional di kawasan. Terkait pembahasan dalam jurnal ini yaitu Australia di Pasifik, Peran Cina juga respons Australia terhadap China di Kawasan Pasifik.
Kata Kunci: Australia, China, Kepulauan Pasifik
Quantified CIN Score From Cell-free DNA as a Novel Noninvasive Predictor of Survival in Patients With Spinal Metastasis
Authors: Chen Su , Yang Minglei , Zhong Nanzhe , Yu Dong , Jian Jiao , Jiang Dongjie , Xiao Yasong , Wei Wei , Wang Tianzhen , Lou Yan , Zhou Zhenhua , Xu Wei , Wan Wan , Wu Zhipeng , Wei Haifeng , Liu Tielong , Zhao Jian , Yang Xinghai , Xiao Jianru 
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Most currently available scores for survival prediction of patients with bone metastasis lack accuracy. In this study, we present a novel quantified CIN (Chromosome Instability) score modeled from cfDNA copy number variation (CNV) for survival prediction.Experimental Design: Plasma samples collected from 67 patients with bone metastases from 11 different cancer types between November 2015 and May 2016 were sent through low-coverage whole genome sequencing followed by CIN computation to make a correlation analysis between the CIN score and survival prognosis. The results were validated in an independent cohort of 213 patients.Results: During the median follow-up period of 598 (95% CI 364–832) days until December 25, 2018, 124 (44.3%) of the total 280 patients died. Analysis of the discovery dataset showed that CIN score = 12 was the optimal CIN cutoff. Validation dataset showed that CIN was elevated (score ≥12) in 87 (40.8%) patients, including 5 (5.75%) with head and neck cancer, 11 (12.6%) with liver and gallbladder cancer, 11 (12.6%) with cancer from unidentified sites, 21 (24.1%) with lung cancer, 7 (8.05%) with breast cancer, 4 (4.60%) with thyroid cancer, 6 (6.90%) with colorectal cancer, 4 (4.60%) with kidney cancer, 2 (2.30%) with prostate cancer, and 16 (18.4%) with other types of cancer. Further analysis showed that patients with elevated CIN were associated with worse survival (p &lt; 0.001). For patients with low Tokuhashi score (≤8) who had predictive survival of less than 6 months, the CIN score was able to distinguish patients with a median overall survival (OS) of 443 days (95% CI 301–585) from those with a median OS of 258 days (95% CI 184–332).Conclusion: CNV examination in bone metastatic cancer from cfDNA is superior to the traditional predictive model in that it provides a noninvasive and objective method of monitoring the survival of patients with spine metastasis.
Drug-Coated Balloon vs. Stent for de novo Non-small Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sun Kaiwen , Liu Zhenzhu , Wang Hongyan 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Drug-coated balloon (DCB) has been an attractive option in de novo vessels. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DCB vs. stent for treating de novo lesions in non-small vessels.Methods: Studies in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science were searched (from their commencement to March 2021). This meta-analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.3.Results: A total of 3 random controlled trials (RCTs) with 255 patients and 2 observational studies (OS) with 265 patients were included in this meta-analysis following our inclusion criteria. It could be observed that DCB presented no significant difference in cardiac death (CD) (RR 0.33, 95% CI [0.01, 8.29], p = 0.50 in OS), myocardial infarction (MI) (RR 0.49, 95% CI [0.09, 2.50], p = 0.39 in RCT), target lesion revascularization (TLR) (RR 0.64, 95% CI [0.19, 2.18], p = 0.47 in RCT) (RR 1.72, 95% CI [0.56, 5.26], p = 0.34 in OS), and late lumen loss (LLL) (SMD −0.48, 95% CI [−1.32, 0.36], p = 0.26 in RCT) for de novo non-small coronary artery disease (CAD) compared with stents, whereas minimal lumen diameter (MLD) including MLD1 (SMD −0.67, 95% CI [−0.92 −0.42], p &lt; 0.00001 in RCT) and MLD2 (SMD −0.36, 95% CI [−0.61 −0.11], p = 0.004 in RCT) was smaller in DCB group.Conclusion: This systematic review showed that DCB might provide a promising way on de novo non-small coronary artery disease compared with stents. However, more RCTs are still needed to further prove the benefits of the DCB strategy.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#recordDetails.
Long-Term Stroke Risk in Patients Undergoing Left Atrial Appendage Ablation With and Without Complete Isolation
Authors: Dhorepatil Aneesh , Lang Angela L. , Lang Min , Butt Muhammad , Arbune Amit , Hoffman David , Almahmeed Soufian , Ziv Ohad 
Published: December 2021

Background: Catheter ablation (CA) for atrial fibrillation (AF), may require ablation beyond the pulmonary veins. Prior data suggest that additional LA ablation, particularly left atrial appendage (LAA) ablation, may alter atrial function leading to increased risk of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (IS/TIA). We sought to study the long-term risk of IS/TIA in patients receiving ablation at the LAA compared to those receiving PVI alone and those receiving PVI with additional non-LAA locations.Methods: 350 patients who underwent CA for AF from 2008 to 2018 were included in the study. Locations of ablation in LA evaluated were the posterior wall, anterior wall, inferior wall, inter-atrial septum, lateral wall and the left atrial appendage (LAA). Patients undergoing LAA ablation were further divided as complete isolation (LAAi) and without complete isolation (LAAa).Results: Mean follow up of 4.8 years. In entire cohort, risk of IS/TIA was 1.62/100 patient-years (pys). The risk was highest in patients with LAAi (3.81/100 pys), followed by ablation LAAa (3.74/100 pys). Amongst all LA locations, only LAAi (HR 3.32, p = 0.03) and LAAa (HR 3.18, p = 0.02) were statistically significant predictors of IS/TIA after adjusting for OAC (Oral anticoagulant) use and baseline CHA2DS2VASc score.Conclusions: During long term follow-up, only ablation at the left atrial appendage with and without complete isolation was independently associated with an increased risk of IS/TIA in patients undergoing CA for AF. Potential strategies to reduce stroke risk, such as LAA closure, should be considered in these patients.
Mechanical Stress Stability of Flexible Amorphous Zinc Tin Oxide Thin-Film Transistors
Authors: Lahr Oliver , Steudel Max , von Wenckstern Holger , Grundmann Marius 
Published: December 2021

Due to their low-temperature processing capability and ionic bonding configuration, amorphous oxide semiconductors (AOS) are well suited for applications within future mechanically flexible electronics. Over the past couple of years, amorphous zinc tin oxide (ZTO) has been proposed as indium and gallium-free and thus more sustainable alternative to the widely deployed indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO). The present study specifically focuses on the strain-dependence of elastic and electrical properties of amorphous zinc tin oxide thin-films sputtered at room temperature. Corresponding MESFETs have been compared regarding their operation stability under mechanical bending for radii ranging from 5 to 2 mm. Force-spectroscopic measurements yield a plastic deformation of ZTO as soon as the bending-induced strain exceeds 0.83 %. However, the electrical properties of ZTO determined by Hall effect measurements at room temperature are demonstrated to be unaffected by residual compressive and tensile strain up to 1.24 %. Even for the maximum investigated tensile strain of 1.26 %, the MESFETs exhibit a reasonably consistent performance in terms of current on/off ratios between six and seven orders of magnitude, a subthreshold swing around 350 mV/dec and a field-effect mobility as high as 7.5 cm2V−1s−1. Upon gradually subjecting the transistors to higher tensile strain, the channel conductivity steadily improves and consequently, the field-effect mobility increases by nearly 80 % while bending the devices around a radius of 2 mm. Further, a reversible threshold voltage shift of about −150 mV with increasing strain is observable. Overall, amorphous ZTO provides reasonably stable electrical properties and device performance for bending-induced tensile strain up to at least 1.26 % and thus represent a promising material of choice considering novel bendable and transparent electronics.
Agreement and Repeatability of Central and Peripheral Refraction by One Novel Multispectral-Based Refractor
Authors: Lu Weicong , Ji Rongyuan , Ding Wenzhi , Tian Yuyin , Long Keli , Guo Zhen , Leng Lin 
Published: December 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the repeatability of a multispectral-based refractor in central and peripheral refraction measurement, and to assess the agreement of such measurements with objective refraction (OR) and subjective refraction (SR) in patients with myopia.Methods: A total of 60 subjects were recruited in this prospective research. Patients were divided into three groups according to the refractive error. Next, the central and peripheral refraction parameters were measured using multispectral refractive tomography (MRT) before and after cycloplegia. In addition, OR and SR measurements were also performed. The intraobserver repeatability was analyzed using within-subject standard deviation (Sw), test–retest repeatability (TRT), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Agreement was evaluated using Bland-Altman plot and 95% limits of agreement (LoA).Results: The ICC value of central and peripheral refraction were all higher than 0.97 with or without cycloplegia. The peripheral refraction in the nasal, temporal, superior, and inferior quadrants was slightly worse than other parameters, with the largest error interval being 1.43 D. The 95% LoA of the central refraction and OR or SR ranged from −0.89 to 0.88 D and −1.24 to 1.16 D without cycloplegia, respectively, and from −0.80 to 0.42 D and −1.39 to −0.84 D under cycloplegia, respectively.Conclusions: The novel multispectral refraction topography demonstrated good repeatability in central and peripheral refraction. However, the refraction in the nasal, temporal, superior, and inferior quadrants were not as good as that of central and circle peripheral refraction.
Total Flavonoids of Chuju Decrease Oxidative Stress and Cell Apoptosis in Ischemic Stroke Rats: Network and Experimental Analyses
Authors: Wang Cong , Chen Hao , Jiang Hui-hui , Mao Bin-bin , Yu Hao 
Published: December 2021

Background: Pharmacological research results showed that total flavonoids of Chuju (TFCJ) could be used to treat acute myocardial ischemia and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this study, we explored the protective effect of TFCJ on ischemic stroke (IS) in the IS rat model. We hypothesized that TFCJ might exert its neuroprotective effects by suppressing apoptosis and oxidative stress that are closely related to PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.Method: TFCJ (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) was administered for 7 days. Rats (260 ± 20 g) were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 h and reperfusion for 24 h. The neuroprotective effect of TFCJ was substantiated in terms of neurological deficits, oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and malondialdehyde), pathomorphological changes (HE staining and TUNEL staining), and neurobehavioral functions in the rats. Then, we employed network pharmacology to reveal the potential mechanism of TFCJ against IS. Western blot was used to determine the levels of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway proteins. The expression of BCL-2, BAX, and cleaved-Caspase-3 was also measured by Western blots and RT-PCR.Results: The histopathological assessment showed that TFCJ reduced MCAO-induced brain damage. Besides, TFCJ exerted a protective role in MCAO rats by alleviating cell apoptosis and oxidative stress. Network pharmacology showed that TFCJ might be used against IS through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. TFCJ reduced cell apoptosis and oxidative stress by increasing the level of p-AKT and p-mTOR in MCAO rats, while the effect of TFCJ was significantly reversed when applying LY294002 (PI3k inhibitor).Conclusion: These results indicated that TFCJ might decrease oxidative stress and apoptosis that are closely related to PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in IS. TFCJ is a promising authentic traditional Chinese medicine for the management of IS.
Dexamethasone is Associated With a Lower Risk of the Progression of Thoracic Aortic Calcification in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Lei Juan , Liu Aiting , Ma Yujia , Shi Guangzi , Han Feng , Jiang Wenlong , Zhou Yongqiao , Zhang Chao , Liu Yimin , Huang Xiaobo , Huang Hui , Chen Jie 
Published: December 2021

Background and Purpose: Breast cancer survivors have an increased cardiovascular risk, and vascular calcification is the pathological basis of cardiovascular disease. Some factors that affect the progression of thoracic aortic calcification (TAC) in survivors are unclear, and this study aims to explore the relationship between dexamethasone or radiotherapy and the progression of TAC in survivors.Materials and Methods: This study included 189 female patients with breast cancer, and they were divided into the progression and non-progression TAC groups. Radiation or dexamethasone doses, and related laboratory parameters were collected.Results: The cumulative dose of dexamethasone was higher [40 (10–180) mg versus 180 (80–270) mg, p &lt; 0.001], and the cycle was longer [4 (1–6) cycles versus 6 (4–8) cycles, p &lt; 0.001] in the non-progression TAC group. The cumulative dose (r = −0.303, p &lt; 0.001) and cycle (r = −0.357, p &lt; 0.001) of dexamethasone were negatively correlated with the level of increased TAC Agatston scores in survivors. Logistic regression analysis showed that dexamethasone was a protective factor for the progression of TAC (p = 0.029, odds ratio = 0.263, 95% confidence interval = 0.08–0.872). However, there wasn’t significant relationship between radiotherapy, radiation dose, follow-up time and the progression of TAC (all p &gt; 0.05). In addition, aorta volume was positively correlated with the level of increased TAC Agatston scores in intensity modulated radiation therapy (r = 0.460, p &lt; 0.001).Conclusion: Dexamethasone is associated with a lower risk of the progression of TAC in breast cancer survivors, and there’s no correlation between radiotherapy and progression of TAC, but the aorta volume may be a predictor of the severity of progression of TAC.
Impact of Qi-Invigorating Traditional Chinese Medicines on Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation
Authors: Huang Qian , Lin Jinkun , Huang Surong , Shen Jianzhen 
Published: December 2021

Background: It has been verified that deficiency of Qi, a fundamental substance supporting daily activities according to the Traditional Chinese Medicine theory, is an important symptom of cancer. Qi-invigorating herbs can inhibit cancer development through promoting apoptosis and improving cancer microenvironment. In this study, we explored the potential mechanisms of Qi-invigorating herbs in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) through network pharmacology and in vitro experiment.Methods: Active ingredients of Qi-invigorating herbs were predicted from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database. Potential targets were obtained via the SwissTargetPrediction and STITCH databases. Target genes of DLBCL were obtained through the PubMed, the gene-disease associations and the Malacards databases. Overlapping genes between DLBCL and each Qi-invigorating herb were collected. Hub genes were subsequently screened via Cytoscape. The Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the DAVID database. Molecular docking was performed among active ingredients and hub genes. Hub genes linked with survival and tumor microenvironment were analyzed through the GEPIA 2.0 and TIMER 2.0 databases, respectively. Additionally, in vitro experiment was performed to verify the roles of common hub genes.Results: Through data mining, 14, 4, 22, 22, 35, 2, 36 genes were filtered as targets of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Panacis Quinquefolii Radix, Codonopsis Radix, Pseudostellariae Radix, Astragali Radix, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma for DLBCL treatment, respectively. Then besides Panacis Quinquefolii Radix and Dioscoreae Rhizoma, 1,14, 10, 14,13 hub genes were selected, respectively. Molecular docking studies indicated that active ingredients could stably bind to the pockets of hub proteins. CASP3, CDK1, AKT1 and MAPK3 were predicted as common hub genes. However, through experimental verification, only CASP3 was considered as the common target of Qi-invigorating herbs on DLBCL apoptosis. Furthermore, the TIMER2.0 database showed that Qi-invigorating herbs might act on DLBCL microenvironment through their target genes. Tumor-associated neutrophils may be main target cells of DLBCL treated by Qi-invigorating herbs.Conclusion: Our results support the effects of Qi-invigorating herbs on DLBCL. Hub genes and immune infiltrating cells provided the molecular basis for each Qi-invigorating herb acting on DLBCL.