bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocular parameters alterations after hemodialysis in patients with chronic kidney diseases
Authors: Almaznai Abdullah , Alsaud Sarah , Fahmy Rania 
Published: October 2021

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the effects of hemodialysis (HD) on visual acuity (VA), central corneal thickness (CCT), intraocular pressure (IOP), and macular thickness (MT) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and also to investigate the relationship between the ocular parameters and blood biochemical parameters such as serum albumin, creatinine, sodium, and urea levels.

METHODS:
A prospective cohort study including a total of 24 CKD patients of both genders (above 18 years old) undergoing HD in XXX was conducted. The participants were divided into three sub-groups based on the primary cause of renal failure, group 1: Hypertensive kidney disease, group 2: Diabetic kidney disease, group 3: Other causes. All subjects underwent full ophthalmological examinations including measurement of VA using LogMAR, IOP, CCT, and CMT. Comparisons between different ocular parameters during pre- and post-HD sessions were done using the paired t-test. The relationship between changes in ophthalmologic and blood biochemical parameters was calculated using Pearson correlation coefficient.

RESULTS:
HD did not significantly alter any ocular parameter within and between CKD groups. Spherical equivalent changes were found to be significantly correlated with serum K (r = −0.315; P = 0.038), and IOP results were positively correlated with serum creatinine (r = 0.330; P = 0.029) and negatively correlated with hemoglobin (r = −0.349; P = 0.020). Bodyweight alterations were significantly correlated with CCT (r = −0.03; P = 0.0001). However, no correlation between ocular parameters and duration of HD was detected.

CONCLUSION:
Following a single HD session, ocular parameters did not alter significantly.
Agreement between three methods for measuring near point of convergence among patients with different refractive errors
Authors: Baskaran Antony A. , Britto Tanuja , Sowndher Raja T. , Thomas Philip A. 
Published: October 2021

PURPOSE:
To describe the agreement of three methods of Near Point of Convergence (NPC) measurement among patients with different refractive errors.

METHODS:
60 asymptomatic subjects, 18 – 25 yrs old, were included in 3 groups: emmetropes, myopes and hypermetropes. All subjects underwent NPC break point and recovery point measurement by Royal Air Force (RAF) rule, Pencil Rule (PR) and penlight with red green glasses (RG) using standard techniques. The values obtained were compared within each group by Friedman test. Bland Altman plots were constructed and Limits of Agreement calculated.

RESULTS:
Hypermetropes performed poorly in RG test with significantly receded break point and recovery point values (10.30 ± 1.45cm, 13.13± 1.20cm) compared to RAF test (7.18 ± 1.86 cm, 10.15 ± 2.11cm) and PR test (7.78 ± 1.75 cm, 10.75 ± 1.44cm). The recovery point values of the emmetropes with RG test (10.15 ± 2.32cm) was significantly receded compared to PR (9.30 ± 1.72 cm) and RAF test (Emm: 9.08 ± 2.30cm). The myopes performed better with PR test with significantly better recovery point values with PR test (8.70 ± 1.97 cm) compared to RAF (9.68 ± 2.08) and RG (9.45 ± 1.73) tests. The limits of agreement were wide suggesting disagreement between the tests.

CONCLUSION:
The RG test yields more receded results in hypermetropes compared to the RAF and PR tests, and the PR test yields better results than the RAF test in myopes. Thus, the results obtained by these different methods show a lack of agreement. The variability is not uniform in patients with different refractive errors.
Community ophthalmology clinic utilization and morbidities results from a private primary healthcare center in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Khathlan Afaf A. Bin 
Published: October 2021

PURPOSE:
To study the utilization of the ophthalmology clinic in a primary care setting through number and type of ophthalmic cases that were managed.

METHODS:
This retrospective descriptive study included all ophthalmic cases treated during a 6-month period in a private sector primary healthcare center ophthalmology clinic in 2018. We measured clinic utilization by recording the proportion of patients treated among the total number of patients treated in the center, the number of visits during different times of day, and the most common diagnoses encountered.

RESULTS:
Among 32,518 visits to the health center during the study period, we recorded 422 (1%) visits to the ophthalmic clinic. First visits were 406 cases, and 16 were the follow-up visits. Patients tended to utilize the evening sessions more than morning sessions, with a median of 23 patients per month. Refractive errors in 89 cases (22%) and blepharitis in 88 cases (22%) were the most common diagnoses encountered. Visually significant cataract was not recorded in this study with a prevalence of 31% (14/45) in the >50 years of age group. Seven cases (2%) required referral to hospital during the study period for secondary eye care.

CONCLUSION:
Since most cases in this study were managed in the clinic with good utilization of the services offered, we concluded that a community ophthalmology clinic as a first contact would be useful in some primary healthcare centers. More studies are needed in different regions/settings before widely establishing the service in Saudi Arabia.
Effect of intraoperative optical coherence tomography on anatomic and cosmetic results of intrastromal tattooing
Authors: Agarwal Rinky , Urkude Jayanand , Nair Sridevi , Asif Md. Ibrahime , Sinha Rajesh , Sharma Namrata 
Published: October 2021

PURPOSE:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of intraoperative optical coherence tomography (i-OCT) on anatomic and cosmetic outcomes of intrastromal keratopigmentation (i-KTP) performed by novice lamellar corneal surgeons.

METHODS:
Thirty patients presenting with unilaterally disfiguring corneal scar and nil visual prognosis were subjected to i-OCT-guided intrastromal tattooing with rotring ink, by ophthalmology residents undergoing training in corneal surgeries at our center, who were later asked for a subjective feedback and mean stromal depth dissected was measured objectively. All patients were followed up for 9 months after surgery, and the subjective satisfaction of the patient, an independent observer, and surgeon was graded as poor, good, and excellent.

RESULTS:
The mean age of the patients was 29.53 ± 13.82 years (8–56 years). The most common cause of corneal opacity was healed keratitis with (6/30) or without (3/30) adherent leukoma, trauma-induced ocular disfigurement (7/30), and bullous keratopathy (6/30). All residents reported that feed-back images on i-OCT were “helpful” in all eyes and “very helpful” in eyes with corneal thinning, stromal scarring, adherent leukoma, bullous keratopathy, and hypotony. The mean depth of lamellar dissection was 51.16% ±4.62% of preoperative corneal thickness. The cosmetic results as perceived by the patient, an independent observer, and the surgeon were excellent and good in 23 and 7, 26 and 4, and 20 and 10 patients, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
I-KTP may be employed as a primary method of cosmetic correction of unsightly corneal scars. Centers equipped with i-OCT may employ this tool for teaching i-KTP to their ophthalmology residents for better surgical results with minimal complications.
Electron microscopic comparison of the donor cut edges using femtosecond laser-assisted keratoplasty versus conventional keratoplasty
Authors: Tolba Mohamed Y. , Zaki Iman M. A. , Raafat Karim A. , Dib Amr A. Al , Eleiwa Taher , Chase Collin , Taher Ibrahim M. 
Published: October 2021

PURPOSE:
To describe and compare the histological changes in the cut edges of the remaining donor corneal rim using femtosecond laser-assisted keratoplasty (FAK) versus conventional penetrating keratoplasty (PK) via light and transmission electron microscopic examination.

METHODS:
This was a prospective observational study of 10 eyes; 5 FAK (top-hat technique) and 5 conventional PK. Main outcomes were histological findings at the cut edge of the donor corneal rim (at 3, 6, 9, and 12 o'clock).

RESULTS:
Cellular and ultra-cellular changes in the form of stromal edema, disorganized collagen fibers, and nuclear changes were more prominent in the FAK eyes as compared to the conventional PK ones.

CONCLUSION:
FAK induces more collateral damage in the cut edge of corneal donor graft at cellular and ultra-cellular levels, compared to conventional trephination. Further studies are required to investigate the clinical ramifications of this observation.
Evaluation and comparison number of gingival fibroblast and osteosarcoma cell (MG-63 cell line) adhesive to mocugraft, alloderm, and collagen membrane with or without advanced platelet-rich fibrin
Authors: Reisie Bentol Hoda , Farhad Shirin Zahra , Sadeh Shirin Amini 
Published: October 2021

Background:
The tissue engineering has recently shown a significant progress in the fields of membranes and biosynthetic materials. Advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) contains functional molecules that have newly shown great interest in regenerative therapies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of A-PRF on the adhesion of gingival fibroblast cells and osteosarcoma cells to different membranes.

Materials and Methods:
In this experimental in vitro study, three collagen, alloderm, and mucograft membranes were studied, which were cut into four 5 mm × 5 mm pieces and placed in the bottom of a 24-well culture medium. One milliliter of A-PRF was added to two wells from each group and the other two wells remained without A-PRF. The gingival fibroblasts and osteosarcoma cells were individually added to each well. The cell adhesion was studied using an electron microscope after 24 h. The data were analyzed by independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and least significant difference test.

Results:
In the presence of A-PRF, there was a significant higher osteoblast adhesion to collagen membrane compared to alloderm and mucograft membranes (P < 0.001). In the absence of A-PRF, adhesion of osteoblasts to collagen membrane was significantly higher than alloderm and mucograft (P = 0.019). Moreover, in the presence of A-PRF, fibroblast adhesion to collagen membrane was significantly higher than alloderm and mucograft membranes (P < 0.001). Furthermore, in the absence of A-PRF, no significant difference was found among the study groups (P = 0.830).

Conclusion:
A-PRF was effective on fibroblast adhesion to the collagen membrane, which is similar to its absence. A-PRF was also found to be very effective on the adhesion of fibroblast cells to the collagen membrane, and in its absence, even less adhesion was observed compared to the other membranes. The presence or absence of A-PRF showed no significant differences in both cells' adhesion for alloderm and mucograft membranes.
Knowledge, attitude, and expertise of nurses in intensive care unit regarding oral and dental care in hospitalized patients.
Authors: Haghighat Abbas , Mohammadi Iman , Tahani Bahareh , Teimoori Farshad 
Published: October 2021

Background:
The purpose of this study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of intensive care unit (ICU) nurses about oral and dental care in hospitalized patients.

Materials and Methods:
In this descriptive-analytic study, the statistical population included 214 nurses working in the ICU of the affiliated hospitals of Isfahan University in 1394. The level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of ICU nurses was assessed using questionnaires whose justifiability and stability were verified at the beginning of the study with a pilot study. Data were entered into SPSS software and tested by t-test, Spearman, one-way variance, and least significant difference test. The significance level was < 0.05.

Results:
The data of this study showed that the score of knowledge and performance in male nurses was significantly different from female nurses. There was a significant relationship between nurse's education and their knowledge score (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the performance score of nurses working in different parts was different too (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The findings showed that the knowledge and performance of female nurses about oral care were higher than men, but the attitude of the two sexes is almost the same. Nurses with lower educational degree had less knowledge, but their attitude and performance did not differ. The performance score of nurses working in ICU was different, but they had similar knowledge and attitudes.
The effect of silane-containing universal adhesives on the immediate and delayed bond strength of repaired composite restorations
Authors: Hoseinifar Razieh , Shadman Niloofar , Mirrashidi Farnaz , Gholami Sajad 
Published: October 2021

Background:
The repair of composite restorations is considered as a conservative treatment for avoiding the risk of pulp injury, the enlargement of cavity preparation, and excess removal of sound dental structure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of silane-containing adhesives on immediate and delayed shear bond strength (SBS) of repaired composite restorations.

Materials and Methods:
In this in vitro study, 132 discs of Z350 composite were fabricated and divided into fresh (10 min water storage) and aged (6-month water storage + 2000 thermal cycling). All composite surfaces were roughened and etched, and each group was divided equally into six subgroups: 1 (Single Bond 2), 2 (Single Bond Universal), 3 (Clearfil Universal Bond), 4 (silane + Single Bond 2), 5 (silane + Single Bond Universal), and 6 (silane + Clearfil Universal Bond). The specimens were restored with the same composite, thermocycled, and tested for SBS in a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using one- and two-way ANOVA, t-test, and post hoc Tukey's tests. P < 0.05 was set as the level of significant.

Results:
The highest and lowest SBS (in both fresh and aged groups) were related to Single Bond 2 with silane and Clearfil Universal Bond with silane, respectively. The delayed SBS of Single Bond 2 was significantly higher than universal adhesives (in both with and without silane application) (P < 0.05). Silane had no significant effect on the repair bond strength of Single Bond 2 and Single Bond Universal (P > 0.05), while silane application significantly decreased the delayed SBS of Clearfil Universal Bond.

Conclusion:
The SBS of Single Bond 2 was significantly better than two other universal adhesives. The SBS of Single Bond Universal was not affected by silane application, while silane had a negative effect on delayed SBS of Clearfil Universal Bond.
Screening of oral squamous cell carcinoma by serum changes
Authors: Keshani Forooz , Khalesi Saeedeh , Aghaz Alireza , Farhang Mohammadreza , Akbari Nabiollah 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the sixth common cancer in the world and 90% of oral malignant tumors. The aim of this study was the investigation of changes in some metabolic elements of OSCC patients' serum.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, international databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and National (Magiran, IranMedex) were searched from 1980 to 2019. To analyze the data, a random-effects model was used to combine the differences in the mean of studies in STATA Software (version 12).

Results:
A total of 724 articles were found with initial searching that 474 duplicate articles, 228 articles were excluded by reviewing the title and abstracts, and 17 articles were excluded from the study due to lack of inclusion criteria. Finally, five articles entered the meta-analysis phase. The mean difference value for zinc concentration of blood serum was 2.01 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.36–3.66) and for copper was 1.04 (95% CI: 0.01–2.07). In both populations, the heterogeneity was found between studies (I
2 = 97.4, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Probably higher serum levels of copper and zinc could be one way to help to do a primary screening of OSCC in suspected patients.
Evaluation of role of interferon gamma release assays in the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients
Authors: Singh Rajender , Fatima Nazish , Shukla Indu , Shameem Mohammed 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common opportunistic infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. The risk of eventually developing active TB from latent TB infection (LTBI) is about 10% per year in HIV-positive patients in contrast to 10% lifetime risk in HIV-negative patients. Until recently, the tuberculin skin test (TST) was the only tool available for diagnosing LTBI. Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) were recently developed and address many of the limitations of TST test, especially in immunocompromised state.

Aims and Objectives:
(1) To determine the prevalence of latent, active pulmonary, and multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB among HIV-positive patients in and around Aligarh region; (2) sensitivity and specificity of TST and IGRAs for diagnosis of LTBI in HIV positive patients; and (3) to assess drug resistance and mutational patterns of the clinical isolates of MDR-TB in HIV-TB co-infection.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was done on all the patients attended the ICTC centre, JNMC, AMU Aligarh, seropositive for HIV, i.e. 469 (sample size) for the study period of 2 years from October 2015 to October 2017. All 469 HIV-positive patients were screened for latent and active pulmonary TB. Diagnosis of TB (active and latent) was made using clinical, radiological, and microbiological tests. TST and IGRA testing along with CD4 cell counts were also determined. Line probe assay was also done to assess drug resistance and mutational patterns of MDR-TB in HIV patients.

Results:
In our study, prevalence of HIV infection was 5.04%. Sixty-seven (14.28%) patients were as active TB (HIV-TB co-infection), out of which only one patient (1.49%) was confirmed as MDR-TB, 117 (24.94%) were diagnosed as LTBI. It was also evaluated that IGRA has more sensitivity (75%) and specificity (76%) than TST with sensitivity of 71.7% and specificity 66%.

Conclusion:
As there is no gold standard test for latent TB, longitudinal follow-up is needed to interpret discordant test results. There is a need to interpret negative QFT results with caution and to test for latent TB at higher CD4 counts, if possible. Interferon gamma assays can become better tool for diagnosis of especially for latent TB. However, more research study required for establish their relevance, especially in immunocompromised states.
Spectrum of malignancies among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients at a tertiary level human immunodeficiency virus-anti-retroviral therapy center in a North Indian hospital
Authors: Arora Sumit , Mahesh Ashwin , Mahesh Nalin Kumar , Verma Niket 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals have a higher risk of some types of cancer. A chronic immunodeficiency state, increased survival in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era and predisposition to certain oncogenic viral infections have been postulated as the main reasons. While, the incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) defining cancers (ADCs) is declining in the post-HAART era, non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs) are becoming an important cause of mortality in these patients.

Materials and Methods:
Analysis of the data of HIV-infected patients registered at an apex centre was done for 7 years. All patients were subjected to routine investigations on presentation (baseline) and during follow-up for the occurrence of any malignant disease. CD4 cell counts before starting anti-retroviral therapy and before the diagnosis of malignancy were noted. The date of the last review and the current status/outcome were recorded.

Results:
Out of 1258, 17 patients were diagnosed with various malignancies. Seven patients (41.2%) had ADCs and the remaining 10 (58.8%) had NADCs. The mean duration between diagnosis of HIV infection and diagnosis of malignancy was 59.53 months. The mean survival duration from the diagnosis of malignancy for all cases was 21 months. The mean survival duration was 29 months and 15 months for ADC and NADC group respectively.

Conclusions:
NADCs are on the rise in the era of effective use of HAART and increasing life span of HIV patients. The index of suspicion for cancer should be higher in such patients, especially compared to opportunistic infections in view of good immunovirologic status.
Psychological health and well-being in patients with sexually transmitted infections
Authors: Singh Swati , Singh Satyendra Kumar 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Patients with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) suffer not only with the physical problems but also with various psychological problems. Majority of bacterial STIs are treatable in a short period, while viral STIs may persist for longer duration or have frequent recurrences.

Aims and Objectives:
The aim of the study was To study different aspects of psychological health and well-being in patients with STIs.

Materials and Methods:
Study design was a prospective cross-sectional hospital-based study. Data were collected during July 2016–April 2018. STIs were divided into four groups (genital herpes, genital warts, and genital discharge and syphilis). One way analysis of variance and Scheffe Test were used for analysis of the data.

Results:
A total of 410 patients were included in the study. Majority of patients were suffering with genital herpes (139), followed by warts (104), discharge (92), and syphilis (75). Genital herpes and genital warts indicated significantly more cognitive affective (CA) depression as compared to the patients suffering with syphilis. Satisfaction with life was more with genital discharge and syphilis in comparison to the patients with genital warts and genital herpes. Genital herpes showed more perceived stress in comparison to genital discharge. Genital warts indicated more somatic depression as compared to syphilis and genital discharge patients while genital herpes showed more somatic depression than in patients suffering with genital discharge. Genital warts and genital herpes indicated significantly more overall depression as compared to the patients suffering with syphilis.

Conclusion:
Overall depression was more in patients with genital herpes and warts. The findings provide empirical bases for extended studies on behavioral intervention programs.