bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biophysical models unravel associations between glucocorticoids and thermoregulatory costs across avian species
Authors: Rubalcaba Juan G. , Jimeno Blanca 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are metabolic hormones that regulate physiological and behavioural responses to environmental change and mediate homeostasis maintenance in vertebrates. Despite the assumption that GCs covary with energy metabolism, we yet lack a mechanistic understanding of how environmental factors such as temperature modulate GC variation through their effect on organismal energy balance. In particular, the mechanisms linking temperature‐dependent metabolic rate and GCs at broad spatial scales and across species remain poorly investigated.

Here we used biophysical models to calculate thermoregulatory costs (i.e. the amount of heat required to keep body temperature in homeostasis) of free‐living birds as a function of environmental conditions, body size, shape and insulating layer of feathers. We then investigated the link between ambient temperature, cost of thermoregulation and baseline plasma GC concentrations in a comparative study including GC data from 94 bird species from HormoneBase.

We found a significant, positive association between thermoregulatory costs and baseline GC concentrations. Interestingly, models including thermoregulatory costs better explained GC variation when compared to those including ambient temperature as a predictor variable. This result suggests that body size and shape fundamentally modulate energy requirements for thermoregulation and thereby GC concentrations in the wild.

By providing a mechanistic description of the link between ambient temperature and thermoregulatory costs, biophysical models provide a tool to predict the impact of environmental conditions on energy metabolism. Our work demonstrates that differences in thermoregulation modulate variation in GC concentrations across a broad climatic gradient.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Making sense of experiences in suicide helpline calls: Offering empathy without endorsing suicidal ideation
Authors: Iversen Clara 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe question of how people make sense of experiences in relation to health is central to medical sociology and lies at the heart of suicide helpline practice. This article draws on a corpus of 900 audio‐recorded suicide helpline calls to examine how call‐takers respond to the challenge of reframing callers' suicidal ideation while still treating their experiences as legitimate. Conversation analysis of a subselection of calls revealed two call‐taker practices, involving the framing of the caller's suicidal ideation as (1) being ambivalent or (2) having legitimate feelings in a difficult situation. While callers resisted the former, ‘feeling formulations’ laid the interactional foundations for exploring alternatives to suicide. This may be because call‐takers' empathy increased their rights to subtly negotiate callers' experiences. By focusing on recipients' contributions in these critical interactional moments, the article widens the sociological approach to examining sense‐making of health experiences as a thoroughly social process.
Stillbirth or neonatal death before 45 post‐menstrual weeks in relation to gestational duration in pregnancies at 39 weeks of gestation or beyond: the impact of parity and body mass index. A national cohort study
Authors: Lindegren L , Stuart A , Herbst A , Källén K 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk of stillbirth or neonatal death before 45 post‐menstrual weeks in relation to gestational duration, stratified by body mass index (BMI) and parity.DesignRetrospective study.SettingData from the Swedish Medical Birth Register.PopulationSingleton, cephalic births at between 39+0 and 42+2 weeks of gestation, 2005–2016 (n = 892 339).MethodsRelative risk ratios for mortality in relation to gestational duration were stratified by parity and BMI, and were adjusted for maternal age, smoking, country of birth and educational level.Main outcome measuresPrimary outcome: stillbirth or neonatal death before 45 post‐menstrual weeks. Secondary outcome: stillbirth.ResultsAmong children of primiparous women, children born at 41+3 weeks of gestation, or later, were at increased risk of stillbirth or neonatal death before 45 post‐menstrual weeks compared with children born between 39+0 and 40+2 weeks of gestation (aRR 1.29, 95% CI 1.10–1.52). For primiparous women with BMIs of <25, 25–29.9 and 30 kg/m2, the corresponding aRRs were: 1.04 (95% CI 0.81–1.34), 1.25 (95% CI 0.94–1.66) and 1.52 (95% CI 1.10–2.10), respectively. No significant increase in risk with gestational age was detected for multiparous women, regardless of BMI class. Among primipara, the risk of stillbirth increased with gestational duration in all BMI classes, with the highest risk increase for BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, from 0.8/1000 at 40+3–40+6 weeks of gestation to 4.0/1000 at 42+0–42+2 weeks of gestation.ConclusionsAt 41+3–42+2 weeks of gestation, pregnancy duration was associated with an increased risk for stillbirth or neonatal death before 45 post‐menstrual weeks among primiparous women, especially among women who were obese. For multiparous women, no significant association between gestational duration and mortality was found.Tweetable abstractIn term pregnancies the risk for stillbirth and neonatal death is affected by gestational age, parity and BMI.
Recent amendments to Queensland legislation make mental health presentations to hospital emergency departments more difficult to scrutinise
Authors: Clough Alan R , Evans Angela , Grant Kristy , Graham Veronica , Catterall Janet , Lakeman Richard , Gilroy John , Pratt Gregory , Petrucci Joe , Stone Richard 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Queensland Police Service (QPS) and Queensland Ambulance Service may detain and transport persons experiencing major disturbances in their mental capacity to an ED for urgent care. Queensland's new mental health legislation (March 2017) makes this legal intervention difficult to scrutinise. For a large non‐metropolitan region, QPS records for emergency examination orders (EEOs) and emergency examination authorities (EEAs) were compared with annual reports of Queensland's Director of Mental Health and Chief Psychiatrist. From 2009–2010 to March 2017, QPS‐registered EEOs totalled 12 903 while annual reports attributed 9441 to QPS (27% fewer). From March 2017 to 2019–2020, QPS‐registered EEAs totalled 6887. Annual reports declared 1803 EEAs in total for this period, without distinguishing those registered by QPS from the Queensland Ambulance Service. Past year proportions of EEOs, however, indicate perhaps ~1100 originated with QPS (84% fewer). Information crucial for considered emergency mental healthcare responses for thousands of people is no longer readily available.
Fast and accurate distance‐based phylogenetic placement using divide and conquer
Authors: Balaban Metin , Jiang Yueyu , Roush Daniel , Zhu Qiyun , Mirarab Siavash 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPhylogenetic placement of query samples on an existing phylogeny is increasingly used in molecular ecology, including sample identification and microbiome environmental sampling. As the size of available reference trees used in these analyses continues to grow, there is a growing need for methods that place sequences on ultra‐large trees with high accuracy. Distance‐based placement methods have recently emerged as a path to provide such scalability while allowing flexibility to analyse both assembled and unassembled environmental samples. In this study, we introduce a distance‐based phylogenetic placement method, APPLES‐2, that is more accurate and scalable than existing distance‐based methods and even some of the leading maximum‐likelihood methods. This scalability is owed to a divide‐and‐conquer technique that limits distance calculation and phylogenetic placement to parts of the tree most relevant to each query. The increased scalability and accuracy enables us to study the effectiveness of APPLES‐2 for placing microbial genomes on a data set of 10,575 microbial species using subsets of 381 marker genes. APPLES‐2 has very high accuracy in this setting, placing 97% of query genomes within three branches of the optimal position in the species tree using 50 marker genes. Our proof‐of‐concept results show that APPLES‐2 can quickly place metagenomic scaffolds on ultra‐large backbone trees with high accuracy as long as a scaffold includes tens of marker genes. These results pave the path for a more scalable and widespread use of distance‐based placement in various areas of molecular ecology.
5‐hydroxytryptamine in migraine: The puzzling role of ionotropic 5‐HT3 receptor in the context of established therapeutic effect of metabotropic 5‐HT1 subtypes
Authors: Giniatullin Rashid 
Published: October 2021

5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT; serotonin) is traditionally considered as a key mediator implicated in migraine. Multiple 5‐HT receptor subtypes contribute to a variety of region‐specific functional effects. The raphé nuclei control nociceptive inputs by releasing 5‐HT in the brainstem, whereas dural mast cells provide the humoral source of 5‐HT in the meninges. Triptans (5‐HT1B/D agonists) and ditans (5‐HT1F agonists) are the best established 5‐HT anti‐migraine agents. However, activation of meningeal afferents via ionotropic 5‐HT3 receptors results in long‐lasting excitatory drive suggesting a pro‐nociceptive role for these receptors in migraine. Nevertheless, clinical data do not clearly support the applicability of currently available 5‐HT3 antagonists to migraine treatment. The reasons for this might be the presence of 5‐HT3 receptors on inhibitory interneurons dampening the excitatory drive, a lack of 5‐HT3A–E subunit‐selective antagonists and gender/age‐dependent effects. This review is focusing on the controversial role of 5‐HT3 receptors in migraine pathology and related pharmacological perspectives of 5‐HT ligands.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Advances in Migraine and Headache Therapy (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.3/issuetoc
Energy‐based time derivative damage accumulation model under uniaxial and multiaxial random loadings
Authors: Tien Shih‐Chuan , Wei Haoyang , Chen Jie , Liu Yongming 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA new fatigue life prediction method using the energy‐based approach under uniaxial and multiaxial random loadings is proposed. The uniqueness of the proposed model is based on a time‐derivative damage accumulation unlike classical cycle‐based damage accumulation models. Thus, damage under arbitrary random loading can be directly obtained using time‐domain integration without cycle counting. First, a brief review of existing models is given focusing on their applicability to uniaxial/multiaxial, constant/random, and high cycle fatigue/low cycle fatigue loading regimes. Next, formulation of time‐derivative damage model is discussed in detail under uniaxial random loadings. Then, an equivalent energy concept for general multiaxial loading conditions is used to convert the random multiaxial loading to an equivalent random uniaxial loading, where the time‐derivative damage model can be used. Finally, the proposed model is validated with extensive experimental data from open literature and in‐house testing under various constant and random spectrum loadings.
EBV+ high‐grade B cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements: a multi‐institutional study
Authors: Liu Hui , Xu‐Monette Zijun Y , Tang Guilin , Wang Wei , Kim Young , Yuan Ji , Li Yu , Chen Weina , Li Yanping , Fedoriw George Y , Zhu Feng , Fang Xiaosheng , Luedke Catherine , Medeiros L Jeffrey , Young Ken H , Hu Shimin 
Published: October 2021

AimsIt is unknown whether Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection can occur in high‐grade B cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements, also known as double‐ or triple‐hit lymphoma (DHL/THL).Methods and resultsHere we report 16 cases of EBV+ DHL/THL from screening 846 cases of DHL/THL and obtaining additional EBV+ cases through multi‐institutional collaboration: eight MYC and BCL2 DHL, six MYC and BCL6 DHL and two THL. There were eight men and eight women, with a median age of 65 years (range = 32–86). Two patients had a history of follicular lymphoma and one had AIDS. Nine of 14 patients had an International Prognostic Index of ≥3. Half of the cases showed high‐grade/Burkitt‐like morphology and the other half diffuse large B cell lymphoma morphology. Using immunohistochemistry, the lymphoma cells were positive for MYC (n = 14 of 16), BCL2 (n = 12 of 16), BCL6 (n = 14 of 16), CD10 (n = 13 of 16) and MUM1 (n = six of 14). Using Hans’ algorithm, 13 cases were classified as germinal centre B cell (GCB) and three as non‐GCB. The lymphomas frequently showed an EBV latency Type I with a median EBV‐encoded small RNAs of 80% positive cells (range = 20–100%). After a median follow‐up of 36.3 months (range = 2.0–41.6), seven patients died, with a median survival of 15.4 months (range = 3.4–47.3) after diagnosis of EBV+ DHL/THL. Five of six patients with MYC and BCL6 DHL were alive, including four in complete remission. In contrast, only four of 10 patients with MYC and BCL2 DHL or THL were alive, including two in complete remission. The median survival in patients with MYC and BCL6 DHL was unreached and was 21.6 months in patients with MYC and BCL2 DHL or THL.ConclusionsEBV infection in DHL/THL is rare (~1.5%). Cases of EBV+ DHL/THL are largely similar to their EBV– counterparts clinicopathologically. Our findings expand the spectrum of EBV+ B cell lymphomas currently recognised in the World Health Organisation classification and suggest differences between EBV+ MYC and BCL2 DHL versus EBV+MYC and BCL6 DHL that may have therapeutic implications.
Impact of coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) on HIV testing and care provision across four continents
Authors: Rick Fernanda , Odoke Wilfred , van den Hombergh Jan , Benzaken Adele S. , Avelino‐Silva Vivian I. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic has been associated with severe disruptions in health care services, and nonpharmacological measures such as social distancing also have an impact on access to screening tests and on the long‐term care of patients with chronic conditions globally. We aimed to describe the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on HIV testing and treatment and to describe strategies employed to mitigate the impact of COVID‐19 on HIV care.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we used secondary data from the AIDS Healthcare Foundation (AHF) Global Quality Program from 44 countries in four continents (Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, Europe and Africa), and compared information on HIV testing, percentage of positive results, number of in‐person appointments, and number of new enrolments in HIV care from 1 January 2020 to 31 August 2020 with the equivalent period in 2019.ResultsDespite marked inter‐country heterogeneities, we found that COVID‐19 was associated with a significant reduction in HIV testing, an increase in the percentage of positive tests, a reduction in the number of in‐person consultations and a reduction in the number of new enrolments in care, despite the implementation of several mitigation strategies. The impact of COVID‐19 differed across continents and key populations.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that, in the years to come, health care services must be prepared to respond to the impact of COVID‐19 on HIV testing and care. Providers and facilities should build on the lessons learned so far to further improve mitigation strategies and establish care priorities for both the pandemic and the post‐pandemic periods.
Assessment of physiological responses of bacteria to chlorine and UV disinfection using a plate count method, flow cytometry and viability PCR
Authors: Chiang Elaine L. C. , Lee Seunguk , Medriano Carl A. , Li Liyan , Bae Sungwoo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aims
This study aimed to investigate the physiological responses of two gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two gram-positive bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus sphaericus) to ultraviolet (UV) and chlorine disinfection.

Methods and Results
Bacterial inactivation by UV and chlorine disinfection were evaluated with a plate count method for culturability, FCM and PMA-qPCR for membrane integrity and DyeTox13-qPCR for enzymatic activity, respectively. Both UV and chorine disinfection caused complete loss of culturability while membrane integrity remained intact after UV disinfection. Both DyeTox13-qPCR and PMA-qPCR showed high ΔCt values up to 8.9 after chlorine disinfection, indicating that both methods were able to distinguish non-treated from chlorine-treated cells. Although PMA-qPCR could not differentiate membrane integrity of cells on UV exposure, DyeTox13-qPCR showed significant differences in ΔCt values of 5.05 and 10.4 for gram-negative (E. coli) and gram-positive (Enterococcus) bacteria, respectively. However, DyeTox13-qPCR for gram-negative bacteria displayed relatively small differences in ΔCt values compared with gram-positive bacteria.

Conclusion
UV and chlorine disinfection led to changes in physiological state of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Particularly, UV disinfection could induce active but non-culturable (ABNC) for gram-negative bacteria and dormant cell for gram-positive bacteria where intact cells no longer showed the enzymatic activity.

Significance and Impact of the Study
UV and chlorine are commonly used to disinfect water, food and fomites to inactivate pathogenic bacteria. However, a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state of bacteria induced by disinfection may underestimate the health risks because of the potential resuscitation of VBNC cells. This study highlighted that bacteria could undergo different physiological (ABNC or dormant) states during UV and chlorine disinfection. In addition, viability PCR techniques could provide insight into the changes in physiological states during disinfection processes.
“I just didn't want to trust it at all”: Atrial fibrillation patient's treatment experience of rivaroxaban and warfarin
Authors: Sly Dan , Husted Margaret , McKeague Lynn , Everington Tamara 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF), anticoagulant medications such as warfarin and rivaroxaban are commonly prescribed to reduce the risk of ischaemic strokes, and other thromboembolic events. Research has highlighted advantages and disadvantages of each of these medications, but there remains an absence of qualitative evidence regarding the lived experiences of AF patients. The present study helps address this gap and obtain a greater understanding of the patient experience and beliefs surrounding their anticoagulant medication.MethodSemi‐structured qualitative interviews with a purposive sample of 20 participants (10 warfarin, 10 rivaroxaban). Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed.ResultsData analysis led to the generation of three key themes: positive perceptions of medication, distrust of alternatives, and inconsistencies in support experiences.ConclusionsPositive perceptions of one anticoagulant medication (ACM) and distrust of alternatives may influence patients' confidence in switching medications. This is potentially problematic where there is a lack of patient engagement in medication changes, as seen during the COVID pandemic. Gaps in patient understanding of anticoagulation, including lack of clarity around medications selection and misconceptions about treatment, were evident. By addressing these misconceptions, clinicians may be better positioned to support people with AF in self‐management of their ACM.
Conservation implications of revised genetic structure resulting from new population discovery: the threatened eastern sand darter (Ammocrypta pellucida) in Canada
Authors: Walter Ryan P. , Venney Clare J. , Mandrak Nicholas E. , Heath Daniel D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHuman activity can put non‐game fishes at higher risk of extinction because of inappropriate management action. Eastern sand darter (Ammocrypta pellucida), a small benthic fish classified as threatened across much of its northern range, inhabits increasingly fragmented sandy habitats and, as a non‐game fish, may be easily overlooked in conservation efforts. In this study, the authors use genotype data from nine microsatellite loci and cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequencing data across its northern native range to re‐assess genetic structure and to characterize a newly discovered, geographically disjunct population. Previous microsatellite marker analyses had identified seven distinct population genetic clusters across the region sampled; the analysis of this study showed that the newly discovered population (West Lake, Ontario) exhibits a divergent structure. COI haplotype analysis suggests that a single haplotype recolonized the Great Lakes and surrounding water bodies after the Wisconsinan glacial period, and subsequent fluctuation in water levels and habitat fragmentation resulted in divergence of genetic clusters. Although the novel West Lake population has a common ancestral source with other populations in the broader region, its divergent genetic signature merits its consideration as a separate conservation unit. The analyses of this study highlight the potential conservation implications of the discovery of new populations, particularly those of at‐risk species, even within a region that has been genetically well characterized.
An approach to assessing immunoglobulin dependence in chronic inflammatory demyelinating inflammatory polyneuropathy
Authors: Kapoor Mahima , Compton Laura , Rossor Alex , Hutton Elsbeth , Manji Hadi , Lunn Mike , Reilly Mary , Carr Aisling 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRegular immunoglobulin treatment maintains strength and prevents disability in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). Discrimination between active disease, with optimum symptom control on treatment, and disease in remission not requiring treatment is essential for therapeutic decision‐making and clinical trial design. To compare treatment cessation versus gradual dose reduction in assessment of disease activity (immunoglobulin dependence) in a cohort of stable CIDP patients on maintenance immunoglobulin treatment. An approach to restabilization of immunoglobulin‐dependent individuals is also described. Retrospective review of IVIg cessation or gradual reduction in 33 patients with stable CIDP on maintenance IVIg. Demographic, clinical and treatment data were collected; clinical monitoring data were recorded prospectively as part of routine clinical practice. A total of 21/33 patients (62.6%) were immunoglobulin dependent, (gradual dose reduction:11, cessation:10). Mean change in Inflammatory Rasch‐built Overall Disability Scale (I‐RODS) (−15, standard deviation [SD] 16) and Medical Research Council Sum Score (MRC‐SS) (−4, SD: 4) was clinically and statistically meaningful (>75% exceeded minimum clinically important differences). Mean time to deterioration was 5.0 (SD: 4.6) months, shorter in cessation group (3.5 months) than gradual reduction group (8.8 months). All patients were restabilized to previous baseline (M: 2.3, SD: 4.3 months), half within 1 week of retreatment. A total of 12 patients (37.4%) remained stable without treatment for ≥2 years (remission). A total of 50% were identified rapidly by cessation and 50% by gradual dose reduction requiring mean 4.8 (SD: 2.8) years follow‐up and costing £113 623 per person Ig spend. No predictors of disease activity were identified. A treatment cessation trial with close clinical monitoring is an efficient, cost‐effective and safe approach to assessing disease activity in CIDP.