bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling of the Isomerization and Separation Process of para‐Xylene in a Moving Bed Reactor
Authors: Hatami Mohsen , Fattahi Moslem , Fahim Farshad 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSimulated moving bed reactors (SMBRs) are hybrid reactors that perform reaction and separation processes simultaneously in a single unit. Their high separation performance and ability to overcome equilibrium constraints on the reaction make them effective in a wide range of equilibrium reactions. This study investigated an SMBR for xylene isomerization and separation of p‐xylene from other xylene isomers (free of ethylbenzene) in the liquid phase. The effects of operating variables including temperature, switching time, and columns arrangement on the performance parameters and optimal conditions were determined. Due to the removal of products from the reaction site, the SMBR drives the chemical equilibrium toward producing more product than a conventional reactor under the same conditions.
Production of Vanillin‐Loaded Zein Sub‐micron Electrospun Fibers for Food Packaging Applications
Authors: Campardelli Roberta , Pettinato Margherita , Drago Emanuela , Perego Patrizia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVanillin‐loaded zein electrospun sub‐micron fibers were produced by electrospinning and intended for food packaging applications. The effect of the addition of different vanillin concentrations on the properties of zein nanostructured membranes and the relationship with fiber morphology was studied. Results indicated that vanillin was loaded in sub‐micrometric ribbon‐like fibers with random and isotropic orientation, whose size depended on the zein concentration. Vanillin migration tests were performed in different food simulants. This material shows potential application as active antimicrobial food packaging, e.g., in the form of patches inserted inside the primary packaging in direct contact with food like dried fruit and baked goods.
Transcription start site‐level expression of thyroid transcription factor 1 isoforms in lung adenocarcinoma and its clinicopathological significance
Authors: Sano Kei , Hayashi Takuo , Suehara Yoshiyuki , Hosoya Masaki , Takamochi Kazuya , Kohsaka Shinji , Kishikawa Satsuki , Kishi Monami , Saito Satomi , Takahashi Fumiyuki , Kaneko Kazuo , Suzuki Kenji , Yao Takashi , Ishijima Muneaki , Saito Tsuyoshi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere are multiple transcription start sites (TSSs) in agreement with multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms of NKX2‐1/TTF‐1 (thyroid transcription factor 1); however, the clinicopathological significance of each transcript isoform of NKX2‐1/TTF‐1 in lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) is unknown. Herein, TSS‐level expression of NKX2‐1/TTF‐1 isoforms was evaluated in 71 LADs using bioinformatic analysis of cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE)‐sequencing data, which provides genome‐wide expression levels of the 5′‐untranslated regions and the TSSs of different isoforms. Results of CAGE were further validated in 664 LADs using in situ hybridisation. Fourteen of 17 TSSs in NKX2‐1/TTF‐1 (80% of known TSSs in FANTOM5, an atlas of mammalian promoters) were identified in LADs, including TSSs 1–13 and 15; four isoforms of NKX2‐1/TTF‐1 transcripts (NKX2‐1_001, NKX2‐1_002, NKX2‐1_004, and NKX2‐1_005) were expressed in LADs, although NKX2‐1_005 did not contain a homeodomain. Among those, six TSSs regulated NKX2‐1_004 and NKX2‐1_005, both of which contain exon 1. LADs with low expression of isoforms from TSS region 11 regulating exon 1 were significantly associated with poor prognosis in the CAGE data set. In the validation set, 62 tumours (9.3%) showed no expression of NKX2‐1/TTF‐1 exon 1; such tumours were significantly associated with older age, EGFR wild‐type tumours, and poor prognosis. In contrast, 94 tumours, including 22 of 30 pulmonary invasive mucinous adenocarcinomas (IMAs) exhibited exon 1 expression without immunohistochemical TTF‐1 protein expression. Furthermore, IMAs commonly exhibited higher exon 1 expression relative to that of exon 4/5, which contained a homeodomain in comparison with EGFR‐mutated LADs. These transcriptome and clinicopathological results reveal that LAD use at least 80% of NKX2‐1 TSSs and expression of the NKX2‐1/TTF‐1 transcript isoform without exon 1 (NKX2‐1_004 and NKX2‐1_005) defines a distinct subset of LAD characterised by aggressive behaviour in elder patients. Moreover, usage of alternative TSSs regions regulating NKX2‐1_005 may occur in subsets of LADs.
SemRec – An efficient ensemble recommender with sentiment based clustering for social media text corpus
Authors: Renjith Shini , Sreekumar A. , Jathavedan M. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThe frequent user interactions happening in the form of textual contents like reviews, ratings, tags, blogs, testimonials, and so forth transformed the social media platform into a contextualized and personalized data warehouse focusing its users' unique likes and dislikes. The huge volume of social media content makes it difficult for the end users to consume relevant information by themselves. The need of a tool to deal with such scenario leads to the development of recommendation systems. This work proposes an ensemble multi‐stage recommender system with sentiment based clustering to deal with social media text corpus where each stage performing unique functionalities of information retrieval, natural language processing, user segmentation, prediction, and recommendation generation. The proposed system leverages a hybrid approach of content‐based, collaborative, and demographic filtering techniques to predict and recommend contents, products, or services according to user interests. The experimental results gathered using standard datasets are promising and found more efficient than the traditional approaches.
Resource aware scheduler for distributed stream processing in cloud native environments
Authors: Sarathchandra Madushi , Karandana Chulani , Heenatigala Winma , Dayarathna Miyuru , Jayasena Sanath 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecently distributed stream processors are increasingly being deployed in cloud computing infrastructures. In this article, we study performance characteristics of distributed stream processing applications in Google Compute Engine which is based on Kubernetes. We identify performance gaps in terms of throughput which appear in such environments when using a round robin (RR) scheduling algorithm. As a solution, we propose resource aware stream processing scheduler called resource aware scheduler for stream processing applications in cloud native environments (RaspaCN). We implement RaspaCN's job scheduler using two‐step process. First, we use machine learning to identify the optimal number of worker nodes. Second, we use RR and multiple Knapsack algorithms to produce performance optimal stream processing job schedules. With three application benchmarks called HTTP Log Processor, Nexmark, and Email Processor representing real world stream processing scenarios we evaluate the performance benefits obtained via RaspaCN's scheduling algorithm. RaspaCN could produce percentage increase of average throughput values by at least 37%, 38%, and 10%, respectively, for HTTP Log Processor, Nexmark, and Email Processor benchmarks for fixed input data rates. Furthermore, we conduct experiments with varying input data rates as well and show 7% improved average throughput for HTTP Log Processor. These experiments show the effectiveness of our proposed stream processor job scheduler for producing improved performance.
In Situ Growth of Ultrathin Ni(OH)2 Nanosheets as Catalyst for Electrocatalytic Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Zhang Jifang , Gong Wanbing , Yin Huajie , Wang Dongdong , Zhang Yunxia , Zhang Haimin , Wang Guozhong , Zhao Huijun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDevelopment of electrocatalysts that are capable of efficiently oxidizing biomass‐derived 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) into 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is critically important for production of degradable plastics via non‐fossil routes. In this study, a facile and scalable immersion synthetic approach has been developed to grow ultrathin nickel hydroxide nanosheets in situ on commercial nickel foam (Ni(OH)2/NF) as an anode for the electrocatalytic oxidation of HMF to FDCA with complete HMF conversion, 100 % FDCA yield, and >99 % faradaic efficiency at 1.39 V (vs. RHE) within 90 min. Mechanistic studies reveal that the initial oxidation of HMF takes place at the carbonyl group and FDCA is generated through two further oxidation steps. Impressively, the synthesized Ni(OH)2/NF can also be used to electrocatalytically oxidize other alcohol/aldehyde‐containing compounds to the targeted products in alkaline medium with 100 % yield and >94 % faradaic efficiency under a low oxidation potential of 1.39 V (vs. RHE) within short reaction times.
Miniaturized dual band consumer transceiver antenna for 5G‐enabled IoT‐based home applications
Authors: De Arnab , Roy Bappadittya , Bhattacharjee Anup Kumar 
Published: May 2021

SummaryA thriving number of physical objects are being connected to the Internet wirelessly in an unparalleled manner registering the goal for Internet of Things. This paper proposed a cost effective low profile compact dual band resonant consumer monopole antenna of dimensions of 13 mm × 12 mm × 1.6 mm that is less than an area of a thumbnail or more or less similar to a micro‐SD card. The designed transceiver antenna is easy to fabricate and capable of operating at sub C‐band (3.4–3.6 GHz) for possible future fifth generation (5G) applications and 5.8G Wi‐Fi (5.725–5.825 GHz) band enabling home automation facilities. The proposed design accomplishes almost omni‐directional radiation pattern at the duplex bands, and the measured results are being validated with the simulated ones, which shows good agreement.
Investigation of selected parameters of capillary zone electrophoresis method for analysis of isolates of outer membrane vesicles
Authors: Dziomba Szymon , Wysocka Magdalena , Jońca Joanna , Sola Laura , Steć Aleksandra , Waleron Krzysztof , Wielgomas Bartosz 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) has recently been proposed by our group as a novel technique for outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) characterization (J. Chromatography 1621 (2020) 461047). In present work the impact of selected parameters of CZE method on OMVs isolates analysis was assessed. It was shown that the extension of sample injection plug length significantly improves the detectability of macromolecular aggregates in CZE. Moreover, a negligible adsorption of OMVs to both uncoated and polymer‐modified (poly(DMA‐GMA‐MAPS)) capillary walls was proven. Finally, the relaxation effect as well as deformation/polarization of vesicles were demonstrated to affect OMVs electrophoretic mobility. The significance of these findings was discussed.
Factors predictive of 90‐day mortality after surgical resection for oral cavity cancer: Development of a recursive partitioning analysis for risk stratification
Authors: Shinde Ashwin , Jones Bernard , Luu Michael , Li Richard , Glaser Scott , Massarelli Erminia , Freeman Morganna , Gernon Thomas , Maghami Ellie , Kang Robert , Zumsteg Zachary , Karam Sana D. , Amini Arya 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundFactors that influence postoperative mortality (POM) have been identified, but a predictive model to guide clinicians treating oral cavity cancer (OCC) has not been well established.MethodsPatients with OCC undergoing upfront surgical resection were included. Primary outcome was 90‐day POM (90dPOM).Results33 845 were identified using the National Cancer Database. Rate of 90dPOM was 3.2%. Predictors of higher 90dPOM include older age, higher comorbidity scores, nonprivate insurance, lower income, treatment in an academic facility, higher T‐ and N‐classification, radical excision, and presence of positive margins. On RPA, two high‐risk (90dPOM > 10%) patient subsets were identified: patients ≥80 years of age with T3‐4 disease and patients <80 years, with any comorbidity and T3‐4, N2‐3 disease.ConclusionsWe identified a subset of patients in this cohort who are at high risk for 90dPOM. These patients may warrant additional perioperative and postoperative monitoring in addition to better preoperative assessment and screening.
The complex role of AIM2 in autoimmune diseases and cancers
Authors: Zhu Huan , Zhao Ming , Chang Christopher , Chan Vera , Lu Qianjin , Wu Haijing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAbsent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is a novel member of interferon (IFN)‐inducible PYHIN proteins. In innate immune cells, AIM2 servers as a cytoplasmic double‐stranded DNA sensor, playing a crucial role in the initiation of the innate immune response as a component of the inflammasome. AIM2 expression is increased in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), psoriasis, and primary Sjogren's syndrome, indicating that AIM2 might be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Meanwhile, AIM2 also plays an antitumorigenesis role in an inflammasome independent‐manner. In melanoma, AIM2 is initially identified as a tumor suppressor factor. However, AIM2 is also found to contribute to lung tumorigenesis via the inflammasome‐dependent release of interleukin 1β and regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. Additionally, AIM2 reciprocally dampening the cGAS‐STING pathway causes immunosuppression of macrophages and evasion of antitumor immunity during antibody treatment. To summarize the complicated effect and role of AIM2 in autoimmune diseases and cancers, herein, we provide an overview of the emerging research progress on the function and regulatory pathway of AIM2 in innate and adaptive immune cells, as well as tumor cells, and discuss its pathogenic role in autoimmune diseases, such as SLE, psoriasis, primary Sjogren's syndrome, and cancers, such as melanomas, non‐small‐cell lung cancer, colon cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, renal carcinoma, and so on, hopefully providing potential therapeutic and diagnostic strategies for clinical use.
RUNX inhibitor suppresses graft‐versus‐host disease through targeting RUNX‐NFATC2 axis
Authors: Kubota Hirohito , Masuda Tatsuya , Noura Mina , Furuichi Kana , Matsuo Hidemasa , Hirata Masahiro , Kataoka Tatsuki R. , Hiramatsu Hidefumi , Yasumi Takahiro , Nakahata Tatsutoshi , Imai Yoichi , Takita Junko , Adachi Souichi , Sugiyama Hiroshi , Kamikubo Yasuhiko 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPatients with refractory graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) have a dismal prognosis. Therefore, novel therapeutic targets are still needed to be identified. Runt‐related transcriptional factor (RUNX) family transcription factors are essential transcription factors that mediate the essential roles in effector T cells. However, whether RUNX targeting can suppress, and GVHD is yet unknown. Here, we showed that RUNX family members have a redundant role in directly transactivating NFATC2 expression in T cells. We also found that our novel RUNX inhibitor, Chb‐M’, which is the inhibitor that switches off the entire RUNX family by alkylating agent–conjugated pyrrole‐imidazole (PI) polyamides, inhibited T‐cell receptor mediated T cell proliferation and allogenic T cell response. These were designed to specifically bind to consensus RUNX‐binding sequences (TGTGGT). Chb‐M’ also suppressed the expression of NFATC2 and pro‐inflammatory cytokine genes in vitro. Using xenogeneic GVHD model, mice injected by Chb‐M’ showed almost no sign of GVHD. Especially, the CD4 T cell was decreased and GVHD‐associated cytokines including tissue necrosis factor‐α and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor were reduced in the peripheral blood of Chb‐M’ injected mice. Taken together, our data demonstrates that RUNX family transcriptionally upregulates NFATC2 in T cells, and RUNX‐NFATC2 axis can be a novel therapeutic target against GVHD.
Universal and simple MoO3 substrate for identification of SERS enhancement mechanism
Authors: Yang Yanqiu , Li Jia , Zhang Meixia , Song Peng , Lu Xuemei , Ding Yong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe electromagnetic mechanism (EM) induced by localised surface plasma resonance (LSPR) and the charge transfer mechanism (CT) between adsorbed molecules and the substrate is generally believed to explain the overall effect of surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). In some cases, the high complexity of the SERS system makes it difficult to identify the enhancement mechanism. In this paper, the synthesised MoO3 with excellent stability, uniformity and versatility is used to study the SERS of several dye molecules and fully clarify the mechanism. The SERS enhancement mechanism is explained mainly by the SERS behaviour of molecules at different wavelengths. This discovery is very helpful for future SERS substrate and mechanism research.
Diaspora tourists' emotional experience
Authors: Otoo Felix Elvis , Kim Seongseop Sam , Stylidis Dimitrios 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article attempts to empirically test a model to explain the hypothesized relationships between important constructs such as emotional experience, personal involvement, destination image, destination satisfaction, and place attachment as antecedents of the future intentions of mature/senior diaspora tourists. The hypothesized relationships were explored using a sample of 419 mature/senior diaspora tourists visiting Ghana. A three‐step process was used to explore, confirm and test the interrelationships between the constructs. The results showed that emotional experiences related to joy and love influenced personal involvement. While other hypothesized relationships were supported, unpleasantness and positive surprise did not have a direct effect on personal involvement. Future studies can apply this model to understand other types of tourism.
Preoperative Differences in Intracranial Facial Versus Vestibular Schwannomas: A Four Nerve Assessment
Authors: Erbele Isaac D. , Klumpp Micah L. , Arriaga Moisés A. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesAssesses whether preoperative functional testing can distinguish vestibular schwannomas from facial nerve schwannomas medial to the labyrinthine segment.Study DesignRetrospective cohort.MethodsRetrospectively review surgically managed intracranial facial and vestibular schwannomas between January 2015 and December 2019 at two tertiary care centers. Patients with neurofibromatosis 2 and surgery for recurrence were excluded. Preoperative functional testing to include House‐Brackmann scores, electroneuronography (ENoG), cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP), caloric testing, acoustic brainstem responses (ABRs), acoustic reflexes, and audiograms was compared between the two groups of schwannomas.ResultsTwelve facial and 128 vestibular schwannomas met inclusion criteria. In only one case was a facial schwannoma diagnosed preoperatively from imaging. No statistically significant difference was found in preoperative House‐Brackmann scores, ENoG, cVEMP, caloric testing, ABRs, or acoustic reflexes. Pure tone average was worse in the vestibular schwannoma group (63 dB [95% CI: 58–68 dB] vs. 46 dB [95% CI: 34–58 dB],P = .01), and the difference was more apparent in the lower frequencies. Word recognition score was better in the facial schwannoma group (66% [95% CI: 45–86%] vs. 41% [95% CI: 34–47%],P = .02).ConclusionSpecialized preoperative functional evaluation of the nerves of the internal auditory canal cannot reliably predict the presence of an intracranial facial schwannoma. Hearing is better in facial schwannomas, particularly in the lower frequencies. This should raise the index of suspicion for an intracranial facial schwannoma, especially in candidates for hearing preservation vestibular schwannoma surgery.Level of Evidence3Laryngoscope, 131:2098–2105, 2021
Uncertainty range of projected soil carbon responses to climate warming in China
Authors: Sun Guodong , Mu Mu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSoil carbon is becoming increasingly difficult to predict due to uncertainties in climate warming. The main objective of this research is to estimate the scope of uncertainties in soil carbon, which is the difference between maximal and minimal estimations of soil carbon, caused by uncertainties in climate change in China, by applying the Lund–Potsdam–Jena (LPJ) model and an improved optimization method. Based on an original optimization method (conditional nonlinear optimal parameter perturbation, CNOP‐P), a cost function is revised to evaluate the scope of uncertainties in predicting soil carbon sequestration, avoiding the overestimation of uncertainties. Two types of climate change projections are obtained from 10 global circulation models (GCMs) under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 scenario using two methods. For the first type of climate change projection, the upper and lower limits of estimated future soil carbon sequestration are 102.7 and 65.5 Gt, respectively, whereas the reference soil carbon sequestration driven by an ensemble of 10 GCMs is 79.6 Gt. The estimated future soil carbon sequestration ranges from 79.4 to 91.6 Gt for the second type of climate change. The numerical results imply that these two types of climate change, constrained by the projection of 10 GCMs, are the main factors affecting the uncertainty range of estimated soil carbon.
Adult stem cells in endometrial regeneration: Molecular insights and clinical applications
Authors: Lv Qiaoying , Wang Lulu , Luo Xuezhen , Chen Xiaojun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEndometrial damage is an important cause of female reproductive problems, manifested as menstrual abnormalities, infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, and other complications. These conditions are collectively termed “Asherman syndrome” (AS) and are typically associated with recurrent induced pregnancy terminations, repeated diagnostic curettage and intrauterine infections. Cancer treatment also has unexpected detrimental side effects on endometrial function in survivors independently of ovarian effects. Endometrial stem cells act in the regeneration of the endometrium and in repair through direct differentiation or paracrine effects. Nonendometrial adult stem cells, such as bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells and umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem cells, with autologous and allogenic applications, can also repair injured endometrial tissue in animal models of AS and in human studies. However, there remains a lack of research on the repair of the damaged endometrium after the reversal of tumors, especially endometrial cancers. Here, we review the biological mechanisms of endometrial regeneration, and research progress and challenges for adult stem cell therapy for damaged endometrium, and discuss the potential applications of their use for endometrial repair after cancer remission, especially in endometrial cancers. Successful application of such cells will improve reproductive parameters in patients with AS or cancer. Significance: The endometrium is the fertile ground for embryos, but damage to the endometrium will greatly impair female fertility. Adult stem cells combined with tissue engineering scaffold materials or not have made great progress in repairing the injured endometrium due to benign lesions. However, due to the lack of research on the repair of the damaged endometrium caused by malignant tumors or tumor therapies, the safety and effectiveness of such stem cell‐based therapies need to be further explored. This review focuses on the molecular insights and clinical application potential of adult stem cells in endometrial regeneration and discusses the possible challenges or difficulties that need to be overcome in stem cell‐based therapies for tumor survivors. The development of adult stem cell‐related new programs will help repair damaged endometrium safely and effectively and meet fertility needs in tumor survivors.