bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning to Cycle: from Training Wheels to Balance Bikes
Authors: Mercê Cristiana , Branco Marco , Catela David , Lopes Frederico , Cordovil Rita 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Learning to ride a bicycle is an important milestone in children’s life, so it is important to allow them to explore cycling as soon as possible. The use of a bicycle with training wheels (BTW) for learning to cycling independently is an old approach practiced worldwide. Most recently, a new approach using the balance bike (BB) has increased, and several entities believe that this could be most efficient. Drawing on the work of Bronfenbrenner (1995) and Newel (1986), this study aimed to analyse the effect of BB’s use on the learning process of cycling independently. Data were collected in Portugal from an online structured survey between November 2019 and June 2020. A total of 2005 responses were obtained for adults and children (parental response). Results revealed that when the balance bike’s approach was used, learning age (LA) occurred earlier (M=4.16 ± 1.34 years) than with the bicycle with training wheels’ approach (M=5.97 ± 2.16 years) (p<0,001); or than when there was only the single use of the traditional bicycle (TB) (M=7.27 ± 3.74 years) (p<0,001). Children who used the BB as the first bike had a significant lower LA than children who didn´t use it (p<0.001). To maximize its effects, the BB should be used in the beginning of the learning process.
Anais do XIII Curso de Verão do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia (Reabilitação Oral) Edição Online
Authors: Silva Cláudia Helena Lovato da , Parize Hian Nivaldo , Costa Thiago Naves Queiroz , Silva Allan Oliveira da , Santos Andrezza Cristina Moura dos , Carvalho Brenda Gonçalves de , Maciel Carla Roberta de Oliveira , Fortes Caroline Vieira , Goyeneche Daniel Zuluaga , Pompeo Fernanda Thaís , Mendes Filipe Santos Ferreira , Tardelli Juliana Dias Corpa , Almeida Leonardo de Pádua Andrade , Mendonça Lucas Moreira , Paulini Marina Ribeiro , Campos Murilo Rodrigues de , Oliveira Rebeca Franco de Lima , Vivanco Rocio Geng , Kreve Simone , Poole Stephanie Francoi , Dotta Tatiane Cristina , Mata Victor Barboza da 
Published: February 2021

Editorial
No decorrer da história do Programa de Pós Graduação em Odontologia (Reabilitação Oral), da Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, da Universidade de São Paulo, o Curso de Verão vem divulgando as atividades e linhas de pesquisas desenvolvidas pelo Programa e Departamento com o objetivo de incentivar a docência e pesquisa odontológica Brasileira. Contudo, devido a condição sanitária imposta pela pandemia do SARS-CoV-2, com a necessidade de isolamento social e a característica dos participantes do curso serem de diferentes regiões do Brasil e da América Latina, o curso que vinha sendo preparado com formato presencial, foi replanejado de forma que as atividades propostas pudessem ser realizadas de forma remota, à distância. Graças às tecnologias digitais e empenho da Comissão Organizadora da XIII Edição do Curso de Verão do Programa de Pós Graduação em Reabilitação Oral, o curso pode ser oferecido aos seus 80 participantes, de todos os estados do país e de outros países da américa latina, com uma programação científica que contou com a participação de docentes, pós-graduandos egressos do Programa e pós-graduandos da Unidade. O engajamento da comissão organizadora juntamente com a qualidade de material apresentado pelos palestrantes proporcionou uma experiencia única, concretizando ainda mais a existência do curso dentro do programa e aumentando a abrangência das nossas feitorias para a população. Ainda, graças à possibilidade ofertada aos participantes para apresentação de seus trabalhos e ao alto nível dos trabalhos selecionados, garantindo a troca de experiências entre as diversas universidades, apresentamos a terceira edição dos Anais do Curso de Verão. Certos de que o objetivo do Curso foi alcançado, mesmo frente aos desafios impostos pela Pandemia, agradecermos a participação de todos no evento, com muita responsabilidade, dedicação e carinho.
Comissão Organizadora - XIII Curso de Verão do Programa de Pós Graduação em Reabilitação Oral/Edição Online
Identification of Potential Antimicrobial Compounds from a Marine Streptomyces
sp. SM2.4 Strain (MH752437) Isolated from Rachgoun Island in
Western Algeria
Authors: Boublenza Nesrine , Dergal Nadir Boudjlal , Belyagoubi Larbi , Gabed Noujoud , Abdelouahid Djamel-Eddine , Redissi Alaeddine , Cherif Ameur , Mosbah Amor , Jurado Valme , Saiz-Jimenez Cesareo , Abi-Ayad Sidi-Mohammed El-Amine 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Marine actinobacteria are a potential resource for natural products; their
secondary bioactive metabolites have shown several biological activities. Most of the isolated and
identified actinobacteria in Algeria were usually explored from caves, Saharan soil or palm groves.
The marine ecosystem is poorly explored and documented.

Methods:
Five Streptomyces strains producing bioactive compounds were isolated from Rachgoun
Island located in Western Algeria and characterised phenotypically and genotypically using microbiological
and 16S rRNA sequencing methods, respectively. The crude extract of the most representative
strain “Streptomyces sp. strain SM2.4” and its seven active fractions were characterised by
GC/MS analysis.

Results:
Streptomyces sp. strain SM2.4 revealed the strongest activity against the Gram-positive
bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, the fungus Aspergillus niger and was inactive
against Gram-negative bacteria.

:
GC/MS analysis of the methylated crude extract of Streptomyces sp. strain SM2.4 revealed the presence
of 11 major compounds, including fatty acids methyl ester (12-methyltridecanoic acid methyl
ester, 9-hexadecenoic acid methyl ester, hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, 14-methylhexadecanoic
acid methyl ester and 16-methylheptadecanoic acid methyl ester), 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol,
(4S,4aS,8aR)-4,8a-dimethyloctahydro-4a(2H)-naphthalenol (geosmin), 2,4-dimethylbenzaldehyde,
3,4-difluorobenzaldehyde, dimethylfuran-2,4-dicarboxylate and pyrrolo(1,2-a)pyrazine-1,4-dione,
hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl)-. Partial purification of the crude extract by Thin-layer chromatography
provided seven active fractions, which were tested by radial diffusion assay. GC/MS analysis
of the active TLC-fractions revealed the presence of a mixture of active compounds from which 2-
(bromomethyl)-2-(2-methylphenyl)-1,3-dioxolane was found to be a new 1,3 dioxolane derivative.
Furthermore, 3,4-dimethylbenzamide and pyrido[2,3-d] pyridazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-
3-(2-methylpropyl)-, were extracted for the first time from a natural source.

Conclusion:
Our study reveals that marine Streptomyces sp. strain SM2.4 has an interesting antimicrobial
potential due to its panel of bioactive compounds.
Effect of Solvent on Antioxidant Activity of Zanthoxylum oxyphyllum Edgew and its DFT Study
Authors: Chelleng Nilamoni , Hazarika Moushumi , Kalita Amlan J. , Guha Ankur K. , Tamuly Chandan 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Free radicals can easily damage DNA, proteins and lipids within the tissue.
Anti-oxidants from natural sources can diminish the actions of free radicals. The current study
deals with the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the leaves of Zanthoxylum oxyphyllum
Edgew.

Methods:
The antioxidant activities for DPPH, FRAP, ABTS radicals, phosphomolybdate assay, reducing
power, and chelating power assay were evaluated of ethanol (ET), methanol (ME), chloroform
(CH), ethyl acetate (EA), and petroleum ether (PE) extracts of the leaves. The Density Functional
Theory (DFT) study was carried out on major identified phytochemicals to evaluate bioactive
molecules responsible for the antioxidant activity.

Results:
It was observed that the ME extract showed the most potent scavenging activity in DPPH,
FRAP, ABTS radicals, phosphomolybdate assay, reducing power, and chelating power assay. The
phenolic acids and flavonoids like quercetin, gallic acid, sinapic acid, etc. were identified. The
DFT study was done for major phytochemicals of ME extract to evaluate the most responsible
bioactive molecule for antioxidant activity. The Gallic acid exhibited the lowest bond dissociation
energy (BDE) of 314.9 kcal/mol in gas, 309.2 kcal/mol in methanol, respectively, along with the
highest value of radical stabilization energy (RSE), 29.5 kcal/mol.

Conclusion:
Gallic acid was found to be the most responsible antioxidant among the other compounds,
and ME the best solvent system for extraction, followed by CH.
Controlling Coronavirus Infection: ‘Plan B’ Based on Non-vaccine / Drug Interventions
Authors: Dhaked Ram Kumar 
Published: February 2021

:
COVID-19 pandemic affected over 227 countries with more than 147 million infections
that claimed 31.22 lacs lives. The first case of the pandemic was reported from China in Dec, 2019
showing pneumonia like symptoms that turned out to be the novel strain of coronavirus (2019-n-
CoV). The WHO declared 2019-nCoV infection as the Public Health Emergency of International
Concern and the disease named coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The infection curve of the pandemic
has been flattened in many countries around the world, but the effective new antiviral drugs
or vaccine has not yet developed. So far, we are saved by non-pharmaceutical interventions like
handwashing, social distancing, quarantine, masks and health-care workers by personal protective
equipments. Now the question arises that what we do if no effective drug or vaccine emerges? In
the absence of effective drug/vaccines, pandemic has to be fought at community level not at hospitals.
For such emergent situations, we need a ‘Plan B’ based non-vaccine/drug interventions.
World’s proposed safeguard against COVID-19 – A brief review
Authors: Dey Sumanta , Dey Anindita , Chatterjee Shreyans , Nandy Papiya , Nandy Ashesh 
Published: February 2021

:
From December 2019 till now, the coronavirus disease pandemic has exposed the whole world to a new challenge where the survival of human beings faces an alarming phase. The human with its utmost intelligence is trying to find out the key to unlock the lock made by SARS-CoV-2, the causative virus of COVID-19. We, here briefly summarize the possible remedies so far introduced worldwide to combat the deadly pathogenic virus. The article includes the information of varieties of drugs applied globally: allopathic, homeopathic, Ayurveda, nanoparticle implicated protections and vaccinations trials along with other biotechnical applications in different countries. Our review work may be useful to scientists involved in researches in this field to know the global remedial aspects so far developed and also to create awareness among people to the present pandemic preventive mechanisms.
Allostatic Stress and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Transgender and Gender Expansive Youth: Protocol for a Pilot Cohort Study
Authors: Cohen Mara , Karrington Baer , Trachtman Howard , Salas-Humara Caroline 
Published: February 2021

Background
A growing number of adolescents are coming out as transgender and gender expansive (TGE). These teenagers have been shown to have significantly worse health outcomes than their cisgender peers. Hypotheses to explain this discrepancy are based on increased stress levels surrounding the societal acceptance of gender identity. In this context, elevated allostatic load (AL), which describes the wear and tear sustained by the body in response to repeated exposure to stress, has been associated with adverse long-term health outcomes.

Objective
This protocol aims to measure AL among TGE adolescents compared with their cisgender peers and assess how AL varies depending on psychological stress and perceived societal acceptance.

Methods
This is an observational proof-of-concept pilot study in which AL will be measured by assaying an array of inflammatory cytokines and cortisol in urine, saliva, and hair samples of TGE youth, and these parameters will be compared with those of age-matched control participants. A questionnaire will assess 4 aspects of psychosocial well-being: presence and management of depression and anxiety, gender identity support by family members, gender minority stress, and degree of perceived safety in the surrounding community. Samples and surveys will be collected at 3 visits (baseline, 6 months, and 12 months). This study will incorporate TGE coinvestigators to inform all aspects of design, data collection, and analysis and ensure that practices are carried out in a respectful and sensitive manner.

Results
As of May 2021, the start of data collection for this project has continued to be postponed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has both impacted the functioning of the clinic and funding requests. We hope to begin participant recruitment and interviews with coinvestigators soon.

Conclusions
We hypothesize that AL will be primarily influenced by psychological well-being and perceived support and that it will be similar in TGE adolescents and in age-matched cisgender control participants when acceptance and perceived support are high. The results of this study have the potential to increase our understanding of the health challenges faced by TGE individuals during adolescence as well as to show that low levels of acceptance may have detrimental health outcomes secondary to elevated ALs; this may lead to the development of a biomarker profile to assess allostatic stress in TGE patients that can be used to guide management.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/24100
DEVELOPMENT OF ASYNCHRONOUS BLENDED LEARNING (ABLE) SKILLS LAB WITH PEER EVALUATION IN MIDWIFERY STUDENTS
Authors: Mardiani Dita Eka , Rachmadi Dedi , Sunjaya Deni Kurniadi , Husen Ike R 
Published: February 2021

Background: Innovations in midwifery education is needed to strengthen students' skills. The Asynchronous Blended Learning (ABLE) Skills Lab model can improve student motivation, retention and skills, but the evaluation is still not optimal. One solution to overcome it by developing of the ABLE Skills Lab with Peer Evaluation model. This study aims to analyze the differences in the improvement of newborn resuscitation skills between the application of the ABLE Skills Lab model with Trainer Evaluation and Peer Evaluation.Methods: This study used a quasy experimental two group pre-post test design. The participants involved in this research were 40 students of the fourth semester students of Diploma III Poltekkes Kemenkes Tasikmalaya who met the inclusion criteria. Subjects were divided into 4 learning groups that randomized into 2 research groups. Data were analyzed using inferential statistics and Rasch modelling. Results: There is no difference in the improvement of newborn resuscitation skills between the application of the ABLE Skills Lab with Trainer Evaluation model and ABLE Skills Lab with Peer Evaluation model (p=0,344). Conclusion: ABLE Skills Lab with Peer Evaluation model has the same ability with Trainer Evaluation model in improving newborn resuscitation skills.ABLE Skills Lab with Peer Evaluation can be an alternative method when there are limited staff / instructors during the learning process without reducing the output produced. Keywords: ABLE skills lab, neonatal resuscitation skills, peer evaluation, trainer evaluation
STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT IN A PHARMACOTHERAPY PRACTICE COURSE: A CASE STUDY AT AN INDONESIAN PHARMACY SCHOOL
Authors: Lailaturrahmi Lailaturrahmi , Badriyya Elsa 
Published: February 2021

Background: Indonesian pharmacy schools are expected to meet required clinical pharmacy components and the proportion of practical courses according to nationally established standards. This is essential to produce competent Indonesian pharmacists. The implementation of Pharmacotherapy of Gastrointestinal, Respiratory Tract Diseases, and Special Conditions Practice was one of the measures taken to meet this requirement. This case study aims to explore obstacles in Pharmacotherapy of Gastrointestinal, Respiratory Tract Diseases, and Special Conditions Practice.Case discussion: Pharmacotherapy of Gastrointestinal, Respiratory Tract Diseases, and Special Conditions (FAF 314) Practice was conducted using group case study with SOAP (subjective, objective, assessment, plan) worksheet. During the sixth week of practice, a modified OSCE was conducted to assess the learning process. The skills that were assessed included problem identification, problem-solving, drug information service, effective communication, as well as attitude and professionalism. However, the students’ average score in this assessment was about 1-2 of maximum score 3, and the required passing score was 2. Conclusion: The sub-optimal students’ achievement in the mid-term assessment of Pharmacotherapy of Gastrointestinal, Respiratory Tract Diseases, and Special Conditions Practice may be due to the students’ obstacles in understanding the information from literature and showing effective communication skills and professional attitude in drug information provision. To address these issues, further measures such as constructive alignment analysis of this practice, revising practice activities design and allocating adequate time to practice effective communication skills and professional attitude in drug information provision. Keywords: constructive alignment, communication, pharmacotherapy practice, OSCE, SOAP
BLENDED LEARNING AS A METHOD FOR IMPROVING STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN DERMATOTHERAPY: A PRELIMINARY STUDY
Authors: Menaldi Sri Linuwih , Nilasari Hanny , Rahmayunita Githa , Farida Siti , Prasetya Nanda L. 
Published: February 2021

Background: Dermatotherapy is an important topic in Dermatology and Venereology module. The time allocated for dermatotherapy topic is limited, so that the development of learning method is needed to achieve the learning objectives. Blended learning is a combination of e-learning and face to face lecture session. This method is often used when there is less time available for lecturing and limited number of teachers. This learning method is expected to be more effective and efficient for the students and also the teachers. This study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of blended learning method used in dermatotherapy topic, and to identify the obstacle of using this method. Methods: This study is a cross sectional study, using quantitative and qualitative approach, involving 22 fifth-year medical students of Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia who enrolled in dermatology and venereology module. We collected data from questionnaire, pre and post-test, and feedback from the students. Comparison of pre-test and post-test results were analysed using paired T test, and followed by bivariate test of students’ characteristic, gadget usage and e-learning activities associated with the increased post-test score.Results: An increased in post-test score was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Approximately 95,4% of students passed the final exam on the dermatotherapy subject. Bivariate analysis revealed that the number of gadgets owned, digital usage and e- learning activities did not have a significant effect on the post-test score. Based on the students’ feedback, blended learning had a positive impact on helping their learning process; however, the materials of e-learning must be interactive, informative and comprehensive. Face-to-face lecture is still an important component in learning hence it is irreplaceable. Conclusion: Blended learning is an effective method of learning and should be considered if there is limitation of lecture time and number of teachers available. By using this method, medical students are more flexible in their study and it can be adjusted to their own learning style hence heling them understand better. Further development and improvement are needed for this method as to achieve the learning objectives. Keywords: blended learning, dermatotherapy, medical students
Association of Implementation of a Comprehensive Preconception-to-Pregnancy Management Plan With Pregnancy Outcomes Among Chinese Pregnant Women With Type 1 Diabetes: The CARNATION Study
Authors: Zheng Xueying , Yang Daizhi , Luo Sihui , Yan Jinhua , Guo Xiaohui , Yang Huixia , Bao Wei , Groop Leif , Dornhorst Anne , Weng Jianping ,   CARNATION Study Group, Zheng Xueying , Yang Daizhi , Luo Sihui , Yan Jinhua , Yang Huixia , Guo Xiaohui , Liu Fang , Xiao Xingwu Ran Xinhua , Zhu Dalong , Hu Ji , Zhou Zhiguang , Yang Tao , Zhao Jiajun , Huang Qin , Kuang Hongyu , Liang Zhen , Qin Guijun , Chen Danqing , Ye Shandong , Wu Yan , Niu Jianmin , Pan Tianrong , Zhang Qiu , Shen Yunfeng , Lei Minxiang , Zhang Yan , Yao Bin , Bao Wei , Groop Leif , Dornhorst Anne , Weng Jianping 
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect on pregnancy outcome of integrating a comprehensive management plan for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) into the World Health Organization universal maternal care infrastructure.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A comprehensive preconception-to-pregnancy management plan for women with T1D was implemented in 11 centers from 8 Chinese cities from 2015 to 2017. Sequential eligible pregnant women (n = 133 out of 137 initially enrolled) with T1D and singleton pregnancies attending these management centers formed the prospective cohort. The main outcome was severe adverse pregnancy outcome comprising maternal mortality, neonatal death, congenital malformations, miscarriage in the second trimester, and stillbirth. We compared pregnancy outcomes in this prospective cohort with two control groups with the same inclusion and exclusion criteria: a retrospective cohort (n = 153) of all eligible pregnant women with T1D attending the same management centers from 2012 to 2014 and a comparison cohort (n = 116) of all eligible pregnant women with T1D receiving routine care from 2015 to 2017 in 11 different centers from 7 cities.

RESULTS
The rate of severe adverse pregnancy outcome was lower in the prospective cohort (6.02%) than in either the retrospective cohort (18.30%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.31 [95% CI 0.13–0.74]) or the contemporaneous comparison cohort (25.00%; aOR 0.22 [95% CI 0.09–0.52]).

CONCLUSIONS
The substantial improvements in the prospective cohort are evidence of a potentially clinically important effect of the comprehensive management plan on pregnancy outcomes among Chinese pregnant women with pregestational T1D. This supports the development of similar approaches in other countries.