bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ACCOUNTABILITY FOR HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN NIGERIA’S COUNTERINSURGENCY AGAINST BOKO HARAM: PROBLEMATISING THE OPTIONAL PROTOCOL TO THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS
Authors: Babatunde Adegbite Olusola 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe major objective of this Article is to examine the extent to which the accountability mechanism under international law is sensitive, and responsive to the challenges of accessing domestic remedies by victims of human rights violations in Nigeria’s counterinsurgency against Boko Haram. It explores the extent to which the current framework has enabled and facilitated efforts of victims in this wise especially those of poor, weak and defenceless victims. In this article, we make a case that the inability of international law under the auspices of the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), to bring the perpetrators of heinous abuses in the counterinsurgency operations to book, is as a result of the deficiency in the complaint procedure, which is largely state-centred and a gap in the current framework. This article therefore proposes the view that remedies for victims in this conflict can be better realised, not just by viewing them as obligations that States are encouraged to fulfil within the confines of their sovereign status, but more importantly by crafting them within a framework of supranational legitimacy in which States can indeed be held accountable and compelled to meet their obligations.
Keywords: Accountability, Human Rights, Boko Haram, Counterinsurgency, Optional Protocol.

AbstrakTujuan utama dari artikel ini adalah untuk mengkaji sejauh mana mekanisme pertanggungjawaban dalam hukum pidana internasional dapat mengakomodasi tantangan dalam mengakses sistem kompensasi domestik bagi korban pelanggaran HAM dalam konflik pemberontakan Boko Haram di Nigeria. Tulisan ini menyelidiki bagaimana kerangka kerja yang ada saat ini memberikan ruang dan memfasilitasi korban dalam aspek tersebut, terutama mereka yang miskin dan rentan. Tulisan ini berargumen bahwa ketidakmampuan hukum internasional untuk membawa para pelaku kejahatan HAM berat dalam pemberontakan tersebut untuk bertanggung jawab atas kejahatan mereka terhadap korban adalah hasil dari kecacatan dalam prosedur pengaduan hukum pidana internasional, yang memang terfokus pada negara dan kurang mengakomodasi jenis-jenis konflik modern. Maka dari itu, tulisan ini mengusulkan perspektif dimana kompensasi kepada korban dari konflik pemberontakan ini dapat direalisasikan dengan lebih baik, dengan cara memasukkan pertanggungjawaban ini ke dalam legitimasi supranasional sehingga negara dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban dan diwajibkan untuk memenuhi kewajiban mereka. Kata Kunci: Pertanggungjawaban, Hak Asasi Manusia, Boko Haram, Pemberontakan, Protokol Pilihan
Biogas Production in Laboratory Scale from Different Organic Wastes Using Primary Sludge as Co-substrate
Authors: Prifti Holta , Floqi Tania 
Published: April 2021

Biogas production technology not only constitutes a biofuel source, but also can be a mitigation measure for the various environmental pollutants. This technology, i.e., anaerobic digestion is a biological process that takes place naturally when microorganisms break down organic matter in the absence of oxygen. In an enclosed chamber, controlled anaerobic digestion of organic matter produces biogas which is predominantly methane. The produced methane then can be directly used; or after certain conditioning, can be used in onsite power generation, heating homes or as vehicular fuel. Besides, organic waste is increasingly becoming a major problem in every society imposing serious economic and environmental concerns. For this reason, many contemporary researches are emphasizing in finding sustainable solutions to recycle and produce energy from such waste. In this context, this paper aims to investigate the potential of cow and chicken manure, and olive waste for biogas production obtained through the anaerobic digestion process.
The substrates were placed in laboratory scale digesters without pretreatment. The retention time in the digesters was 30 days. The samples of the tested substrates were collected and analyzed for pH, total solids, ash, and the content of volatile solids (VS). Under mesophilic conditions, all combinations of cow and chicken manure, and olive waste with sludge by an anaerobic pond of a trickling filter treatment plant, as co-substrate, significantly improved biogas, and methane yields. The experimental results showed that chicken manure (CM) is the most suitable for anaerobic digestion (AD).
The next step of the study will consist in implementing a large scale of biogas production plants and we will estimate the national potential of green energy produced by this technology and map the areas that need digesters.
As escolas com localização diferenciada e o direito à educação
Authors: Barbosa Lima Márcio Alexandre , Dos Santos Robson , Ramos de Azevedo Alexandre 
Published: April 2021

Com seus direitos à terra, à cultura e à educação reconhecidos na legislação vigente, as populações do campo e os povos tradicionais passaram a ser objeto de atenção diferenciada também de políticas e programas educacionais. Desde a Constituição Federal de 1988, que afirmou que a educação seria “direito de todos e dever do Estado e da família” e que o ensino deveria ser ministrado com “igualdade de condições para o acesso e permanência na escola” (Brasil, 1988), até o Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE) – Lei nº 13.005/2014 –, que dedicou pelo menos 15 estratégias explicitamente voltadas para as crianças, as populações e as escolas do campo e de comunidades indígenas e quilombolas, vários dispositivos legais e/ou normativos visaram especificar a forma como o direito geral à educação deveria ser garantido para essas populações e povos, por meio de uma educação diferenciada desenvolvida em escolas localizadas nos próprios territórios em que estes organizam a reprodução de suas vidas e de suas culturas. Este estudo faz uso das informações presentes no Censo da Educação Básica de 2007 a 2019 para apresentar um panorama que possibilita o conhecimento da realidade de estudantes, docentes e escolas localizadas em terras indígenas, áreas remanescentes de quilombos e assentamentos da reforma agrária – as chamadas escolas com localização diferenciada.
Analisis Break Even Point dan SWOT Pada Usaha Wedang Warok
Authors: Noviani Radita , Santoso Adi 
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perencanaan penjualan pada tingkat suku bunga yang diinginkan oleh usaha Wedang Warok menggunakan Analisis Break Even Point (BEP). Analisis ini merupakan salah satu metode yang digunakan oleh kebanyakan usaha untuk menguji kelayakan usaha dan memperoleh titik impas dimana perusahaan tidak memperoleh laba yang setinggi-tingginya dan perusahaan juga tidak mengalami kebangkrutan. Manajemen membutuhkan analisis titik impas untuk merencanakan laba perusahaan. Dengan mengetahui titik impas produksi dan penjualan Wedang warok makan manajemen dapat merencanakan terget laba yang di inginkan. Untuk menghitung Break Even Point dapat dilakukan dengan mengetahui biaya tetap, biaya variabel, dan harga jual per produk. Analisis Break Even Point bisa menggunakan metode grafik, metode kontribusi unit, dan metode persamaan. Tiga metode tersebut apabila digunakan akan tetap memperoleh hasil yang sama. Dalam Penelitian ini Penulis menggunakan data responden dan menggunakan data deskriptif berupa tabel. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan mengenai Analisis Kelayakan Usaha Wedang Warok melalui Break Even Point (BEP) dan analisis SWOT dapat disimpulkan bahwa usaha Wedang Warok merupakan usaha yang menguntungkan dan layak untuk dikembangkan. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari perbandingan total pendapatan dan total biaya lebih besar dari satu yaitu menunjukan angka 1,7 >1. Kata Kunci : Wedang Warok, Break Even Point, Deskriptif
The Use of Data-Driven Dialogue to teach English
Authors: Farhan Oniel Muhammad 
Published: April 2021

The term data-driven data-driven dialogue (DDD) has emerged recently as a valuable tool for organizing classroom discussion of any predicted lessons and monitoring students' learning process in the classroo O’Brian, Nocon, and Sands (2010). The background of this study is most of the teachers in Indonesia tend to skip the dialogue process when they teach grammar to their students. These conditions impact the use of inappropriate grammar and decreased student interest in learning grammar, especially in English. Thus, this study aims to describe how data-driven dialogue methods can be applied in English classes for Senior High School students. The research was conducted in one of the Senior High Schools in Yogyakarta. The data collected through the DDD method using the four steps include (1) Predict, (2) Explore, (3) Explain, and (4) Take Action.
Healthy Immigrant Effect and Immigrant Women’s Health Issues in Canada: A Scoping Review of Health Measures
Authors: Jung Hyosun 
Published: April 2021

The healthy immigrant effect describes a phenomenon in which immigrants lose health advantage overtime as they reside longer in their migrated country. A scoping review was conducted to observe whether this phenomenon is also observable in the Canadian immigrant demographic specific to women’s health issues. A search strategy was used to collect relevant quantitative studies from MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Healthstar, and CINAHL databases. The studies examined the relationship between duration of residence in Canada and cervical screening rates, intimate partner violence, help seeking rates for intimate partner violence, and a range of obstetrical outcomes including antenatal and postpartum depression, maternal placental syndrome, illness and hospitalization during pregnancy, and preterm birth. The studies reported gradual approximation of immigrant health status and behaviours to long-term resident or Canadian-born patterns. However, the direction of the effect varied for each health measure. Immigrants were less likely to experience intimate partner violence, maternal placental syndrome, illness or hospitalization during pregnancy, and preterm birth, but were more likely to suffer from antenatal and postpartum depression and less cervical screening. Ethnic background and country of origin seem to modulate these effects. Clinical implications of the study encourage the health care system to consider the unique needs and risk factors of the recent immigrant population including economic, language, and social challenges, while discouraging acculturation of immigrants to harmful lifestyles and behaviours. The researchers recommend future studies to account for specific dynamics within ethnic and language groups and to utilize more longitudinal designs.
"Our God, Our Country, and Our Queen" - Orangeism, the Prince of Wales, and the Canadian Popular Political Tradition
Authors: Panneton Daniel 
Published: April 2021

Despite the Royal Visit to Kingston in 1860 being billed as a celebratory event, it would not be remembered as such. The Orange Order, one of the largest fraternal organizations in the Canadas at the time, attended the Royal Arrival, despite receiving explicit instructions not to do so. Loudly protesting what they perceived to be an attempt to convince the Crown that the Canadas were Catholic in nature, the Orangemen pushed a two day standoff with the Royal Party. The Royal representative, the Prince of Wales, never left his boat, and Kingston never saw its Prince. In spite of this, the Orange Order proclaimed a victory. They, like their brothers at the Siege of Derry, had stood firm in the fact of Papism. What may seem today like an overreaction on the part of the Orangemen was actually an illustration of the organized violence that characterized mid-nineteenth century Canadian popular politics. The Orange Order represented the interests of Conservative, Tory Protestants, and their actions that day illustrate the fact that said group had reason to be frustrated at the time. The Orange Order, instead of being a violent and unwanted anomaly, represent but an important aspect of the Canadian popular political tradition.
e Harmful Effects of the Cygnus olor Population on the Biodiversity of the Presqu’ile Provincial Park Wetland Ecosystem
Authors: Surkan Nathan , Scott Caroline , Sjonnesen Kirsten , Toffelmire Benjamin 
Published: April 2021

Presqu’ile Provincial Park in Southeastern Ontario is a major attraction for campers and outdoor enthusiasts year-round. At the forefront of the Park’s popularity is its rich biodiversity, supported by a variety of unique ecosystems. A particular ecosystem of interest, the park’s wetland, is one of the largest along Lake Ontario. However, working with a Biodiversity Specialist from Ontario Parks, we have identified a major issue that has threatened to upset the delicate balance of this ecosystem. Recently, large colonies of Cygnus olor, more commonly known as the mute swan, have begun to nest in the wetland area. This species is extremely territorial and the swans exhibit aggressive behavior towards other species inhabiting the same niche. The main consequence from this territorial behavior is that previously common waterfowl species no longer nest in the wetland. Unfortunately, once C. olor nest in a particular area, dislodging the swan population is very challenging. Using available data from peer-reviewed journals, popular media, Ontario Parks and the Ministry of Natural Resources, our group hopes to analyze the current situation, to identify possible root causes, and to develop viable methods of C. olor population control, in order to restore the wetland’s natural biodiversity. Our seminar will provide a detailed discussion of results from our analysis as well as evaluate potential solutions towards controlling the increasing populations of C. olor. We endeavour to provide future measures that may be implemented to preserve Presqu’ile Provincial Park’s biodiversity and that have potential applications on a global scale.
PELATIHAN ANGKAT BEBAN DAN KEAMANAN, KESEHATAN, DAN KESELAMATAN KERJA (K3) DI PERUM PERHUTANI KESATUAN PEMANGKUAN HUTAN (KPH) TASIKMALAYA
Authors: Herlina Nina , Nasihin Iing , Nurdin Nurdin , Yudayana Bambang , Prianto Agus 
Published: April 2021

The wood harvesting activity is one of the activities that is quite heavy and creates a lot of risk of work accidents. The Tasikmalaya Forest Management Unit seeks to improve the quality of its workers by carrying out weightlifting and K3 training activities with the aim of being able to provide great benefits in understanding how to lift weights and K3. This activity was carried out at the Tasikmalaya KPH Urug TPK which is part of the Tasikmalaya Forest Management Unit . The activity was held on September 1, 2020 with a total of 20 training participants. The method used is to provide training in the form of indoor material on the method of lifting weights and the importance of K3, then continued with the implementation of practice in the field. minimize the risk of work accidents.Kegiatan pemanenan kayu merupakan salah satu kegiatan yang cukup berat dan banyak menimbulkan resiko kecelakaan kerja. Kesatuan Pemangkuan Hutan (KPH) Tasikmalaya berupaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas pekerjanya dengan melaksanakan kegiatan pelatihan angkat beban dan K3 dengan tujuan dapat memberikan manfaat yang besar dalam memahami cara angkat beban dan K3. Kegiatan ini dilakukan di TPK Urug KPH Tasikmalaya merupakan bagian dari Bagian Kesatuan Pemangkuan Hutan (BKPH) Tasikmalaya. Kegiatan dilaksanakan pada Tanggal 1 September 2020 dengan jumlah peserta pelatihan sebanyak 20 orang. Metode yang dilakukan adalah dengan memberikan pelatihan berupa materi dalam ruangan tentang metode angkat beban dan pentingnya K3, kemudian dilanjutkan pelaksanan praktek di lapanganAdanya pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui pelatihan ini mendapat respon yang baik dari peserta sehingga dapat menambah pengetahuan tentang metode angkat beban dan memahami SOP K3 serta dapat meminimalisir resiko kecelakaan kerja.
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT BERBASIS ONE VILLAGE ONE PRODUCT; JASUCI SEBAGAI PRODUK UNGGULAN CISANTANA DALAM MENCIPTAKAN ENTERPRENEUR BERBASIS POTENSI DESA
Authors: Nurhayati Neni 
Published: April 2021

Its strategic location with abundant natural potential and supported by relatively cool temperatures makes Cisantana Village a tourism area that offers natural beauty. This potential should be an opportunity for the local community to obtain economic benefits in the form of a potential source of income for the welfare of the local community. However, unfortunately, this potential has not been optimally empowered by the local community. This is evident from the lack of economy in Cisantana Village in the field of home industry. One Village One Product (OVOP) is here to be able to answer the problems that Cisantana Village and other villages have in order to be able to develop regional potential into a superior regional product while still paying attention to its distinctive characteristics and potential. The purpose of this community service implementation is to provide understanding, knowledge and insight regarding the optimization of superior village products to be used as a source of income for the local community. The service methods used are lectures, workshops, practice, and activity evaluation. The result of this community service is the development of superior village products (OVOP) in the form of processed ginger products called Jasuci (Cisantana milk ginger). This product is expected to become an icon of Cisantana Village and be accepted by the wider community.Letaknya yang sangat strategis dengan potensi alam yang melimpah dan didukung suhunya yang relatif sejuk menjadikan Desa Cisantana menjadi kawasan pariwisata yang menawarkan keindahan alam. Potensi ini seharusnya menjadikan sebuah peluang untuk masyarakat setempat memperoleh manfaat ekonomi berupa potensi sumber pendapatan untuk kesejahteraan masyarakat setempat. Namun sayangnya, potensi-potensi yang dimiliki ini belum optimal diberdayakan masyarakat setempat. Hal tersebut terbukti dari perekonomian Desa Cisantana dalam bidang home industry masih terbilang kurang. One Village One Product (OVOP) hadir untuk dapat menjawab permasalahan yang dimiliki Desa Cisantana juga desa lainnya untuk dapat mengembangkan potensi daerah menjadi sebuah produk unggulan daerahnya dengan tetap memperhatikan ciri khas juga potensi yang dimiliki. Tujuan pelaksanaan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah untuk memberikan pemahaman, pengetahuan dan wawasan mengenai optimalisasi produk unggulan desa untuk dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber pendapatan bagi masyarakat setempat. Metode pengabdian yang digunakan yaitu ceramah, workshop, praktik, dan evaluasi kegiatan. Hasil dari pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini berupa pengembangan produk unggulan desa (OVOP) berupa produk olahan jahe yang disebut dengan Jasuci (jahe susu Cisantana). Produk ini diharapkan bisa menjadi ikon Desa Cisantana dan dapat diterima oleh masyarakat luas.
PELATIHAN PENINGKATAN PENGELOLAAN BADAN USAHA MILIK DESA (BUMDES) DESA CIBINUANG KABUPATEN KUNINGAN
Authors: Nursyamsu Roni , Kurniadi Erik 
Published: April 2021

Community Service (PkM) is a medium to connect higher education/university with the community in order to make community being able to face challenges. In the future, especially in the era of globalization, entrepreneurship in Kuningan Regency is one of the pilot projects that can be used as opportunities to improve community welfare through entrepreneurship opportunities. This service aims at Community Empowerment through improving the management of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) for village officials and BUMDes managers as a basis for increasing capacity both individually and government in Cibinuang Village, Kuningan District, Kuningan Regency. The method used in this activity is the lecture method, question and answer method and discussion method. The core objective of this service is community empowerment through improving the management of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes), so that BUMDes managers have the ability to run programs that are suitable on target so they can be accounted for in accordance with applicable regulations, especially in Cibinuang Village, Kuningan District, Kuningan Regency. It is hoped that further program in the future, it requires follow-up by the Regional Government and all related parties and it is necessary to carry out a closer and more planned collaboration between universities and local governments to explore the potencies that exist in the region.Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) merupakan suatu media untuk menjembatani dunia pendidikan dengan masyarakat dimana Perguruan Tinggi dihadapkan pada masalah bagaimana agar warga masyarakat mampu menghadapi tantangan. Lebih jauh ke depan di era globalisasi dengan berwirausaha di Kabupaten Kuningan menjadi salah satu pilot proyek yang dapat dijadikan peluang untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat melalui peluang berwirausaha. Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk Pemberdayaan Masyarakat melalui peningkatan pengelolaan Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) bagi aparatur desa dan Pengelola BUMDes sebagai dasar untuk meningkatkan kemampuan baik secara individu maupun secara lembaga desa di Desa Cibinuang Kecamatan Kuningan Kabupaten Kuningan. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini yaitu metode ceramah, tanya jawab dan metode diskusi. Adapun tujuan inti dari pengabdian ini adalah pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui peningkatan pengelolaan Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes), sehingga pengelola BUMDes memilki kemampuan dalam menjalankan program yang tepat sasaran agar bisa dipertanggungjawabkan sesuai dengan aturan yang berlaku, khususnya di Desa Cibinuang Kecamatan Kuningan Kabupaten Kuningan. Harapan lebih jauh ke depan tentunya diperlukan tindak lanjut oleh Pemerintah Daerah dan semua pihak yang terkait serta perlu dilakukan kerjasama yang lebih erat dan terencana antara Perguruan Tinggi dengan Pemerintah Daerah untuk menggali potensi-potensi yang ada di wilayah tersebut.