bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Antiemetic Potential of Caffeic Acid: A Combined In Vivo and Computational Approach
Authors: Bhuia Md. Shimul , Ferdous Jannatul , Chowdhury Raihan , Ansari Siddique Akber , Ansari Irfan Aamer , Al Hasan Md. Sakib , Sheikh Salehin , Islam Muhammad Torequl 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study emphasizes evaluating the antiemetic efficacy of the natural food component caffeic acid (CAF) using a copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4.5H2O)‐induced emetic model on chicks, and an in silico approach was also adopted to estimate the possible underlying mechanisms.MethodsTwo doses (25 and 50 mg/kg b.w.) of CAF and several referral drugs considered positive controls (PCs), including domperidone (6 mg/kg), hyoscine (21 mg/kg), aprepitant (16 mg/kg), diphenhydramine (10 mg/kg), and ondansetron (5 mg/kg), were orally administered to chicks. The vehicle served as the control group. Co‐treatments of CAF with referral drugs were also provided to chicks to evaluate the modulatory action of the test compound.ResultsAccording to the results, CAF delayed the emetic onset and decreased the frequency of retches in a dose‐dependent manner compared to the vehicle group. CAF (40 mg/kg) represented a notable delayed latency period (60.17 ± 3.16 s) and a diminished number of retchings (18.33 ± 1.74 times) compared to the control group. Further, in the co‐treatments, CAF increased the latency period and reduced the number of retches, except for domperidone. In the in silico investigation, CAF showed notable binding affinity toward the D2 (−7.3 kcal/mol), 5HT3 (−7.1 kcal/mol), and M5 (−7 kcal/mol) receptors in the same binding site as the referral ligand.ConclusionThis research indicated that CAF has mild antiemetic properties by interacting with the D2, 5TH3, and M5 receptors. Therefore, several preclinical and clinical studies are necessary to assess the effectiveness and safety profile of this food ingredient.
Botulinum Toxin Improves Quality of Life and Clinical Outcomes in Pediatric Defecation Disorders
Authors: Davis Trevor A. , Turner Ashlyn , Wilson Carrie , Wang Jinli , Joerger Shannon , Utterson Elizabeth C. , Shakhsheer Baddr A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo elucidate the effect of internal anal sphincter (IAS) botox as an adjunct to standard treatment for disordered defecation (DD), defined by the inability to effectively evacuate stool from the rectum resulting in constipation, on patient/caregiver quality of life (QoL) metrics in association with corresponding clinical outcomes.MethodsConsecutive children undergoing IAS botox for DD completed surveys at baseline, two weeks, and three months post‐procedure. Time points included assessment of clinical symptoms (Rome IV Questionnaire), QoL (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory [PedsQL]), and caregiver well‐being/family functioning (PedsQL‐Family Impact Module [PedsQL‐FIM]).ResultsOf 60 participants, the median age was 7 years (IQR 4–10), with 34 (56.7%) males and 32 (53.3%) first‐time Botox recipients. The median onset of positive effect after Botox was 6 days (IQR 3–14), while the median loss of effect was 70 days (IQR 39–83). Compared to baseline, by 3 months there was a lower chance of meeting Rome IV criteria for functional constipation in first‐time recipients (RR 0.73, 95% CI: 0.58–0.91; p = 0.005). This remained significant after adjusting for any bowel regimen change during the 3‐month period following Botox (OR 0.33, 95% CI: 0.13–0.74; p = 0.012). Regarding QoL, there was significant improvement in total PedsQL score at both 2‐weeks (11.79 point improvement, 95% CI: 6.36–17.22; p < 0.0001) and 3 months (13.97 point improvement, 95% CI: 8.47–19.47; p < 0.0001) from baseline for first‐time recipients, while improvement was only observed at 2 weeks for prior recipients (6.67 point improvement, 95% CI: 0.65–12.69; p = 0.030). First‐time recipients demonstrated significant improvements in total PedsQL‐FIM score at both 2 weeks (9.33 point improvement, 95% CI: 3.77–14.89; p = 0.001) and 3 months (11.57 point improvement, 95% CI: 5.94–17.20; p < 0.0001) from baseline.ConclusionOur findings establish far‐reaching benefits of IAS botox primarily for first‐time recipients, both clinically and psychosocially, suggesting that appropriate incorporation into the treatment paradigm may globally enhance outcomes in children with DD.
Medical Spanish Vital Signs Educational Module for Healthcare Students
Authors: Essex David , Murphy Trevor , Penaloza Natalia , Cayenne Samir , Raifaisen Norma Perez 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundWith a growing number of Spanish‐speaking patients in the United States, it is crucial for clinicians to communicate effectively with their patients. However, the number of Spanish‐speaking clinicians is disproportionately low. Our module aims to provide healthcare students with a practical foundation of basic Spanish for taking vital signs. We evaluated this module's impact on student knowledge acquisition and self‐perceived confidence in taking vitals in Spanish through pre‐ and post‐module assessments.ApproachOur 7‐h hybrid educational module comprised two in‐person sessions with pre‐ and post‐session assignments. Through the module, students learned grammar, vocabulary and cultural principles before practising speaking skills through team‐based learning in small groups led by bilingual facilitators.EvaluationSeventy‐nine of the 98 originally enrolled students completed the module. Students completed pre‐ and post‐module surveys to gauge knowledge of grammar, vocabulary, comprehension and cultural understanding in addition to measuring self‐reported confidence levels using a 5‐point Likert scale. A Wilcoxon rank‐sum test was used to analyse the difference between the tests with p < 0.05 representing statistical significance. Students showed statistically significant improvement in all tested domains as well as in self‐confidence reporting even after controlling for prior Spanish exposure and Hispanic ethnicity. Students who had prior exposure to Spanish showed a greater increase in confidence reporting vital signs in Spanish.ImplicationsWith a need for more Spanish‐proficient clinicians, medical education institutions in the United States will seek to augment trainee exposure to and competence in Spanish. This module provided an effective environment for healthcare students to learn and practice medical Spanish.
Molecular chaperon HSP70‐9 is required for clathrin‐mediated endocytosis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Shen Tingting , Liu Zimeng , Bai Jiaoteng , Zhai Xiaoting , Wei Shanshan , Xu Wenyan , Jia Ning , Li Bing 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARYClathrin‐mediated endocytosis (CME) plays a key role in the internalization of plasma membrane‐localized proteins, lipids and extracellular substances; however, the regulatory mechanism of CME in plants is unclear. In this work, we demonstrated that molecular chaperon HSP70‐9 is required for CME in Arabidopsis thaliana. Knocking out the HSP70‐9 gene led to auxin‐related phenotypes and the accumulation of auxin efflux carrier PINs in root cells, indicating that HSP70‐9 is involved in the PIN trafficking process. Immunolocalization studies showed that the HSP70‐9 was localized in mitochondria, vesicles and cytoplasm. Next, we found that HSP70‐9 and clathrin light chain 1 (CLC1) were co‐localized in cells, and there was a strong interaction between the two. HSP70‐9 knockout led to an increase in CLC1‐related vesicle number in root cells, and the application of protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide did not significantly inhibit the increase in the hsp70‐9a mutant. HSP70‐9 knockout did not significantly affect the level of CLC1 mRNA, but reduced the abundance of free CLC1 protein in root cells, indicating that HSP70‐9 might be involved in the stability of CLC1‐related vesicles. Moreover, our data indicated that the introduction of the exogenous CLC1 gene rescued the hsp70‐9a seedlings likely through promoting PIN trafficking. Furthermore, the role of HSP70‐9 in the depolymerization of clathrin‐coated vesicles (CCVs) was investigated in vitro. The result indicated that the addition of HSP70‐9 promoted the release of CLC1 from the CCVs. Taken together, our data suggest that HSP70‐9 affects PIN trafficking likely through facilitating the release of CLC1 from the CCVs.
Split red blood cell units contain defined extracellular K+ levels, which are improved by a washing procedure
Authors: Hoppe Fabiola , Maier Jacqueline , Kirsten Holger , Federbusch Martin , Henschler Reinhard 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWe should control free K+ during massive transfusion (>80 mL/kg) of red blood cells (RBCs) in small children. To manage this, several national and international guidelines recommend using RBCs stored only up to 7 days. We tested a washing step for RBCs in saline‐adenine‐glucose‐mannitol (SAGM) with or without irradiation to reduce supernatant K+ levels, improve quality and potentially extend the shelf life of stored RBCs.Materials and MethodsRBCs of 240–330 mL were prepared from whole blood donations, then split into halves and stored in SAGM solution at 4 ± 2°C for 21 days. RBCs were split and washed on Days 1 and 8, and some were gamma‐irradiated on Day 8. Glucose, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), K+ and haemolysis were determined over 21 days.ResultsAfter washing on Day 1, only glucose and lactate improved, whereas after washing on Day 8, LDH and K+ also improved. Irradiation resulted in accelerated K+ accumulation and increased haemolysis. Mean extracellular K+ concentrations were 21.2 ± 1.03 mM after irradiation on Day 8 versus 1.12 ± 0.05 mM after irradiation plus wash on Day 8, and 38.80 ± 2.13 mM on Day 10 after irradiation on Day 8 and 16.6 ± 0.05 mM on Day 10 after irradiation plus wash on Day 8.ConclusionK+ concentrations remained <25 mM within 8 days of storage. We recommend irradiation by Day 8 at the latest for neonatal transfusion. The shelf life may be extended by another 48 h if the RBCs are also washed.
Consonant clusters in Nigerian English
Authors: Gut Ulrike , Meer Philipp 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study explores consonant cluster production and its influencing factors in Nigerian English using a corpus‐based approach. More than 4000 onset and coda consonant clusters produced in the broadcast talks, broadcast discussions and broadcast news from ICE‐Nigeria by a total of 44 speakers were analysed with reference to cluster position, the number of consonants, their position in the word, the preceding/following phonetic environment, voicing and stress. In addition, the speakers’ ethnic background and gender were included in the analysis. Generalised linear (logistic) mixed‐effects models (with random effects for speaker, word and cluster type) were employed for statistical modelling. The results show that, overall, cluster reduction in Nigerian English is low, especially in onset clusters. There is no evidence of first language influence, rather the factors stress, consonant position and following phonetic environment influence reduction rates. Social factors and registers were not found to systematically constrain cluster reduction.
Heart rate response to transient hypoxia in patients with heart failure and Cheyne–Stokes respiration
Authors: Pinna Gian Domenico , Robbi Elena , La Rovere Maria Teresa , Maestri Roberto 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCheyne–Stokes respiration (CSR), a rhythmic rise and fall in ventilation often experienced by patients with heart failure during sleep, is typically accompanied by an oscillation in heart rate (HR) at the same frequency. The mechanisms responsible for this oscillation are still debated. In this study, we used the experimental model of the transient hypoxia test (i.e., a laboratory test that mimics the transient nature of the cyclic desaturations that occur during hyperpnoeic phases of CSR) to assess accurately the temporal relationship between the HR response to transient hypoxia and the tidal volume response in six heart failure patients. The same relationship was assessed during CSR using polysomnographic signals. We hypothesized that this relationship would provide important insights into the key mechanisms contributing to the HR response. During transient hypoxia, HR started to increase around the onset of tidal volume increase but continued to increase after the peak of the latter had been reached. The time delay between the two peaks (HR vs. tidal volume) was 7.9 ± 4.8 s. The same delay during hyperpnoeic phases of CSR was 1.0 ± 0.9 s. In addition, the increases in lung volume were much greater than those found in the laboratory tests. Based on the known dynamics of vagal and sympathetic control of HR, we speculate that the HR response to transient hypoxia might be attributable predominantly to the sympathetically mediated tachycardic effect of the increased central inspiratory drive, whereas the fast, vagally mediated pulmonary inflation reflex might be the predominant mechanism during CSR.
Necessary and Sufficient Design Conditions for Over-Constrained Cam Mechanisms with Flat-Faced and Roller Follower
Authors: Chen Yen-Nien , Hsu Kuan-Lun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cam, a mechanism usually used to transform a rotary motion into the desired output motion, has been commonly used in modern industry. In practice, various practical methods have been discussed to analyze and synthesize the cam mechanism. However, the mobility of the cam mechanism is seldom mathematically addressed. This paper mathematically discusses the necessary and sufficient design conditions for four kinds of over-constrained cam mechanisms (the one with a translating flat-faced follower, a translating roller follower, an oscillating flat-faced follower, and an oscillating roller follower) to be mobile. For the first two over-constrained cam mechanisms, the relation between the design conditions and the mobility of the cam mechanism is derived by proving that the identical cam contour can be enveloped by the top and bottom follower faces. For the third over-constrained cam mechanism, the relation is derived by transforming the cam contour into a geometric layout associated with an orthoptic curve. For the fourth over-constrained cam mechanism, it is shown that the cam mechanism cannot be theoretically designed due to the variable length of the follower's arm, which does not obey the rigid body assumption. In conclusion, by means of these geometric methods, the first three kinds of cam mechanisms are proved to be mobile if and only if they satisfy the design conditions, and the last cam mechanism is proved to be theoretically infeasible.
Efficacy, safety, and anti-inflammatory properties of the switch to a doravirine-based regimen among antiretroviral-experienced elderly people living with HIV-1: the DORAGE cohort
Authors: Lazzaro Alessandro , Recchia Gregorio Egidio , Alessi Federica , Santinelli Letizia , Battistini Luigi , Morcos Julieta , Romano Francesco , Bugani Ginevra , Maddaloni Luca , Caruso Sara , D'Amico Marta , Mezzaroma Ivano , Falciano Mario , Fimiani Caterina , Sfara Germana , Leone Maria Gemma , Turriziani Ombretta , Mastroianni Claudio Maria , d’Ettorre Gabriella 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Doravirine (DOR) is a novel antiretroviral agent with a favorable resistance profile and high tolerability. However, evidence is limited on DOR among elderly people living with HIV (PLWH) and whether it might modulate chronic inflammation. We aimed to investigate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of DOR as a switching strategy among elderly PLWH and its impact on chronic inflammation in a real-life setting. We recruited a cohort of ART-experienced PLWH undergoing a therapeutic switch to a DOR-based regimen under virologic control (defined as HIV-RNA <200 copies/mL), regardless of the previous ART regimen. The primary objective was the evaluation of the rate of virologic control at 48 weeks post-switch. Secondary objectives included analyzing immune and metabolic outcomes. Plasmatic hs-CRP, IL-6, and D-dimer levels were measured as chronic inflammation markers. Overall, 150 PLWH were screened, and 147 were enrolled into the study. A total of 134 PLWH completed the follow-up. The rate of virological control was 96.1% (122/134;
CIs
: 91.0%–98.7%) in the per-protocol analysis. After 48 weeks from the switch, we recorded significant reductions in serum fasting glycemia (
P
0.019), triglycerides (
P
0.024), and total cholesterol/HDL ratio (
P
0.017); no clinically significant differences were detected in the body weight and BMI, as long as in immune, hepatic, and renal profiles. A significant reduction in IL-6 (
P
0.019) and hs-CRP (
P
0.019) was observed. DOR is an effective and safe treatment choice for elderly PLWH. The intriguing modulatory effect of DOR-based regimens on chronic systemic inflammation deserves further investigation.
The Na
+
-K
+
-ATPase alpha subunit is an entry receptor for white spot syndrome virus
Authors: Zhou Junyi , Zhang Huimin , Wu Gaochun , Zhang Yinghao , Aweya Jude Juventus , Tayyab Muhammad , Zhu Jinghua , Zhang Yueling , Yao Defu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a debilitating viral pathogen that poses a significant threat to the global crustacean farming industry. It has a wide host tropism because it uses several receptors to facilitate its attachment and entry. Thus far, not all the receptors have been identified. Here, we employed a BioID-based screening method to identify the Na
+
-K
+
-ATPase alpha subunit (
Pv
ATP1A) as a potential receptor in
Penaeus vannamei
. Although during the early stages of WSSV infection
, Pv
ATP1A was induced and underwent oligomerization, clustering, and internalization, knockdown of
Pv
ATP1A inhibited viral entry and replication.
Pv
ATP1A interacted with the WSSV envelope protein VP28 through its multiple extracellular regions, whereas synthetic
Pv
ATP1A extracellular region peptides blocked WSSV entry and replication. We showed that
Pv
ATP1A did not affect WSSV attachment but facilitated internalization via caveolin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis. These findings provide a robust receptor screening approach that identified
Pv
ATP1A as an entry receptor for WSSV, presenting a novel target for the development of anti-WSSV therapeutics.

IMPORTANCE

Cell surface receptors are crucial for mediating virus entry into host cells. Identification and characterization of virus receptors are fundamental yet challenging aspects of virology research. In this study, a BioID-based screening method was employed to identify the Na
+
-K
+
-ATPase alpha subunit (
Pv
ATP1A) as a potential receptor for white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in the shrimp
Penaeus vannamei
. We demonstrated that
Pv
ATP1A interacted with the WSSV envelope protein VP28 via its multiple extracellular regions, thereby promoting viral internalization through caveolin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis. Importantly, compared with previously identified WSSV receptors such as β-integrin, glucose transporter 1 (Glut1), and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR),
Pv
ATP1A demonstrated significantly enhanced viral entry, indicating that
Pv
ATP1A is a crucial entry receptor of WSSV. This study not only presents a robust approach for screening virus receptors but also identifies
Pv
ATP1A as a promising target for the development of anti-WSSV therapeutics.
The genome of
Aspergillus niger
strain melanoliber
Authors: Pradeep Pushya , Kolipakala Rakshita Sukruth , Nagarajan Deepesh 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Aspergillus niger
strain melanoliber was isolated from the coastal region of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. This strain secretes water-soluble melanin attached to peptides possessing metal-chelation properties. Here, we report the whole-genome sequence of
Aspergillus niger
strain melanoliber. The genome was sequenced using Illumina Novaseq6000 giving a total size of 3.86 Mb.
Draft genome sequencing of a multidrug-resistant and virulent
Escherichia coli
strain isolated from milk of a cow with clinical mastitis
Authors: Arafat Kh. Yeashir , Hasnat Soharth , Siddique Naim , Rahman Md. Morshedur , Homa Syeda Fowzia , Hoque M. Nazmul 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

We present the draft genome of
Escherichia coli
strain MBBL3, a virulent and antimicrobial-resistant pathogen isolated from the milk of a cow suffering from clinical mastitis. The assembled genome spans 4,713,190 base pairs, organized into 115 contigs, and harbors 52 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) alongside 25 virulence factor genes (VFGs).
Isolation and characterization of a protective monoclonal antibody targeting outer membrane protein (OmpA) against tuberculosis
Authors: Li Huoming , Ji Jiahong , Qu Mengjin , Ma Xiuling , Zuo You , Tang Minghui , Zeng Lingyuan , Li Hao 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis (TB) caused by
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(Mtb) complex is an important zoonotic infectious disease around the world, and the One Health approach is an essential strategy for TB prevention and control. The abundant surface antigens present on the cell wall of Mtb can induce protective antibodies; however, its full characterization remains incomplete. Previous research has shown that antibodies targeting surface proteins can enhance host defense mechanisms. Therefore, identifying antigens that stimulate the production of protective antibodies is essential. In this study, we focused on a select antigen, outer membrane protein (OmpA), located on the outer membrane of Mtb. By screening for antibodies with protective effects in phagocytosis and intracellular killing
in vitro
, we identified a protective antibody targeting OmpA. We prepared an antibody, designated as 1E1, belonging to the IgG2b isotype, which exhibited high titers of 1:2,048,000. Further research demonstrated that antibody-induced protection was achieved by promoting opsonophagocytosis in a dose-dependent manner, enhancing phagosome-lysosome fusion, and inhibiting mycobacterial intracellular growth. These findings were corroborated
in vivo
, with a reduction in bacterial loads of approximately 0.7 log observed in the preventive group and almost 1.0 log in the therapeutic group of mice treated with the antibodies, compared to the negative control group. Cytotoxicity assays, animal toxicity analyses, and pharmacokinetic evaluations confirmed the safety and sustained effectiveness of the antibody
in vivo
. These findings indicate that OmpA can elicit protective antibodies and may serve as a treatment strategy for drug-resistant TB and a promising antigen for TB vaccine development.

IMPORTANCE

In this study, we identified a protective antibody targeting the outer membrane protein (OmpA) of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
. This monoclonal antibody (MAb) belongs to the IgG2b isotype and exhibits high titers of 1:2,048,000 to the antigen. The cell infection assays demonstrated that antibody protection was achieved by promoting opsonophagocytosis in a dose-dependent manner, enhancing phagosome-lysosome fusion, and inhibiting mycobacterial intracellular growth
in vitro
and
ex vivo
. Cytotoxicity assays, animal toxicity analyses, and pharmacokinetic evaluations confirmed the safety and sustained effectiveness of the antibody
in vivo
. Furthermore, the mAb 1E1 can reduce the organs' bacterial burdens and pathological damages in the prevention mouse model as well as the treatment models. Above all, in this study, we found a novel mAb named 1E1 with IgG2b isotype targeting OmpA can have protection against tuberculosis (TB) in mice, which may serve as a treatment strategy for drug-resistant TB and a promising antigen for TB vaccine development.