bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics and multi‐annual fate of atmospherically deposited nitrogen in montane tropical forests
Authors: Wang Ang , Chen Dexiang , Phillips Oliver L. , Gundersen Per , Zhou Xulun , Gurmesa Geshere A. , Li Shanlong , Zhu Weixing , Hobbie Erik A. , Wang Xueyan , Fang Yunting 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe effects of nitrogen (N) deposition on forests largely depend on its fate after entering the ecosystem. While several studies have addressed the forest fate of N deposition using 15N tracers, the long‐term fate and redistribution of deposited N in tropical forests remains unknown. Here, we applied 15N tracers to examine the fates of deposited ammonium () and nitrate () separately over 3 years in a primary and a secondary tropical montane forest in southern China. Three months after 15N tracer addition, over 60% of 15N was retained in the forests studied. Total ecosystem retention did not change over the study period, but between 3 months and 3 years following deposition 15N recovery in plants increased from 10% to 19% and 13% to 22% in the primary and secondary forests, respectively, while 15N recovery in the organic soil declined from 16% to 2% and 9% to 2%. Mineral soil retained 50% and 35% of 15N in the primary and secondary forests, with retention being stable over time. The total ecosystem retention of the two N forms did not differ significantly, but plants retained more than and the organic soil more than . Mineral soil did not differ in and retention. Compared to temperate forests, proportionally more 15N was distributed to mineral soil and plants in these tropical forests. Overall, our results suggest that atmospherically deposited and is rapidly lost in the short term (months) but thereafter securely retained within the ecosystem, with retained N becoming redistributed to plants and mineral soil from the organic soil. This long‐term N retention may benefit tropical montane forest growth and enhance ecosystem carbon sequestration.
Improving lignocellulosic biofuel production by CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated lignin modification in barley
Authors: Lee Jae Hoon , Won Hyo Jun , Hoang Nguyen Tran Phuong , Lee Sun‐mi , Kim Ho‐Youn , Jung Je Hyeong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBarley is a major cereal crop with a wide ecological range, and its lignocellulosic residues have the potential to be used as a feedstock for various purposes, including biofuel production. Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant renewable source of carbon energy. However, its heterogeneous properties and intrinsic recalcitrance caused by cell wall lignification have lowered the biorefinery efficiency. The reduced lignin content and/or altered lignin structure have been desirable traits for lignocellulosic feedstock. We report the reduction of lignin content in barley by CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated mutagenesis of caffeic acid O‐methyltransferase 1 (HvCOMT1), the lignin biosynthetic gene responsible for lignin syringyl unit formation. The transgene‐free, homozygous HvCOMT1 mutant was generated and analyzed for its cell wall composition, saccharification efficiency, and bioethanol production performance. The mutant had 14% lower total lignin content and 34% higher fermentable glucose recovery rate, compared to the wild‐type (WT). The bioethanol concentration and yield from the hydrolysates of the mutant biomass were 14.3 g/L and 0.46 g/g total sugar, respectively. This result was 34% and 12% higher than those obtained from WT (10.7 g/L and 0.41 g/g total sugar). Under controlled environmental conditions, the overall growth performance of the HvCOMT1 mutant was similar to WT, with no distinct morphological variations between them. The HvCOMT1 mutant barley could offer improved quality lignocellulosic feedstock for efficient lignocellulosic biofuel production.
Tempered disruption: Gender and agricultural professional services
Authors: Sheridan Alison , Newsome Lucie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAgriculture has traditionally been framed as men's work, while women's contributions to the sector have largely been rendered invisible. This article examines the emerging agricultural professional services sector, asking how a changing environment for agriculture may be disrupting traditional gender norms framing agricultural employment. Drawing together the literature in gender and agriculture, professional services and entrepreneurship and interviews with 22 women who have built businesses in agricultural professional services in Australia, our analysis identifies that a confluence of macro and micro activities are shaping new opportunities for women in agricultural employment. Through leveraging a changing industry environment, exercising agency, (valuing) local matters and communion, participants are disturbing traditional gendered patterns of agricultural employment. Our analysis highlights how, as participants build their businesses and demonstrate agency in a dynamic environment, they value the integrating, reconciling, and synthesizing they experience from supporting the flow of activities in their communities. In claiming their space in the changing landscape of agricultural professional services, they exemplify communion enriched by agency, and we see a tempered disruption of the gendered norms in agricultural employment. The article contributes to scholarship on agricultural professional work and identifies how historical patterns of employment and masculine privilege are being disrupted.
Release of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory peptides from salmon (Salmosalar) skin collagen based on digestion–intestinal absorption invitro
Authors: Ritian Jin , Teng Xiangyu , Liao Minhe , Zhang Ligang , Wei Zikai , Meng Ran , Liu Ning 
Published: January 2021

SummaryInhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP‐IV) was considered to be a crucial target for type 2 diabetes, and food‐derived peptides were superior source of DPP‐IV inhibitory peptides. The purpose of this investigation was to identify inhibitory peptides from salmon skin collagen using simulated digestion combined with Caco‐2 cell monolayer membrane model. The analysis in silico showed that TKLPAVF and YLNF were potential inhibitory peptides. Determination of the inhibition activity showed that the IC50 values of TKLPVAF and YLNF were 242.10 ± 3.40 and 146.90 ± 4.40 µm, respectively. Molecular docking results showed that seven hydrogen bonds were formed between YLNF and key residues of DPP‐IV. YLNF may be considered a novel DPP‐IV inhibitory peptide. In addition, YLNF could be transported by Caco‐2 cell monolayer membrane in intact, and the apparent permeability coefficient value was (3.54 ± 0.34) × 10‐6 cm s−1 at 5 mm.
Heparin versus 0.9% saline solution to maintain patency of totally implanted venous access ports in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Xiao‐Hong , Chen Li‐Chan , Liu Gen‐Li , Zhang Tian‐Tian , Chen Xi‐Sui 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimThe use of heparin and 0.9% saline solution is always controversial for central venous catheters. However, there is no systematic review or guideline about whether saline solution can replace heparin solution in adult cancer patients with totally implantable venous access ports (TIVAPs). The purpose of this review is to evaluate whether saline solution can replace heparin saline to lock TIVAPs.MethodsThe following databases were searched: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL and Ovid (January 1, 1982, and February 21, 2020). All statistical analyses of the meta‐analysis were completed using the Review Manager 5.3.ResultsA total of 201 studies were identified from these databases after initial review, and four studies met inclusion criteria, including 2652 cases. There was little heterogeneity among the included studies (I2 < 30%), and all analyses were conducted by the fixed‐effects model. The total complications, catheter occlusions, catheter‐related bloodstream infections and other complication rates in the heparin solution group were higher than in the saline solution group. In the subgroup analysis of heparin concentration, total complication rates in the saline solution group were higher than with 50 U of heparin and lower than with 100 U of heparin. However, the differences in these complications were small, and no significant difference was observed (all P > 0.05).ConclusionsBased on existing clinical studies, we recommend that saline solution can replace 50 or 100 U/ml of heparin as a safe and effective flush solution for TIVAPs.
Ventral onlay buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty for female urethral stricture
Authors: Coguplugil Adem Emrah , Ebiloglu Turgay , Sarikaya Selcuk , Yilmaz Sercan , Topuz Bahadir , Gurdal Mesut 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesFemale urethral stricture is a rare disease. Urethroplasty with different techniques using grafts or flaps are successful treatment options. The objective of this study was to present our experience with ventral onlay buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty for the treatment of female urethral stricture disease.MethodsEight female patients treated with ventral onlay buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty were identified retrospectively. Patient evaluation included physical examination, uroflowmetry with postvoid residual urine measurement, videourodynamics and urethrocystoscopy. Stricture was identified by videourethrography and/or urethrocystoscopy. Urodynamic evidence of stricture was considered as a persistent low maximum flow rate of <12 mL/s combined with detrusor pressure at maximum measured flow rate of >20 cmH2O in the pressure flow study.ResultsThe mean age was 50.5 ± 4.14 years. Stricture etiology was idiopathic (62.5%) or iatrogenic (37.5%). Two patients (25%) had undergone prior urethral dilations before buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty. Mean stricture length was 1.62 ± 0.44 cm. Stricture location was as follows: four distal urethra (50%), two mid‐distal (25%) and two mid‐urethra (25%). The mean postoperative follow‐up period was 16.37 ± 5.75 months, and the during follow‐up success rate was 100%. No complication, such as incontinence or vaginal fistula, was noted, except dyspareunia developed in one patient (12.5%).ConclusionsVentral onlay buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty is a safe and effective treatment option for female urethral stricture. Unnecessary dilation should not be carried out and buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty in expert centers should be recommended to these patients.
The many faces of islet antigen‐specific CD8 T cells: clues to clinical outcome in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Wiedeman Alice E , Speake Cate , Long Sarah Alice 
Published: January 2021

AbstractImmune monitoring enables a better understanding of disease processes and response to therapy, but has been challenging in the setting of chronic autoimmunity because of unknown etiology, variable and protracted kinetics of the disease process, heterogeneity across patients and the complexity of immune interactions. To begin to parse this complexity, we focus here on type 1 diabetes (T1D) and CD8 T cells as a cell type that has features that are associated with different stages of disease, rates of progression and response to therapy. Specifically, we discuss the current understanding of the role of autoreactive CD8 T cells in disease outcome, which implicates particular CD8 functional subsets, rather than unique antigens or total number of autoreactive T cells. Next, we discuss how autoreactive CD8 T‐cell features can be reflected in measures of global CD8 T cells, and then pull these concepts together by highlighting immune therapies recently shown to modulate both CD8 T cells and disease progression. We end by discussing outstanding questions about the role of specific subsets of autoreactive CD8 T cells in disease progression and how they may be optimally modulated to treat and prevent T1D.
Systematic review: An exploration of core componentry characterizing effective sustained nurse home visiting programs
Authors: Beatson Ruth , Molloy Carly , Perini Nicholas , Harrop Christopher , Goldfeld Sharon 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsTo identify the core components or potential ‘active ingredients’ of sustained nurse home visiting (SNHV) programs that have demonstrated positive effects on maternal or child health, psychosocial development, or self‐sufficiency outcomes among disadvantaged families in high‐income countries.DesignSystematic review with narrative summary.Data sourcesPrograms were identified from searches of several reputable evidence clearing houses and the following bibliographic databases: Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Year of publication was originally restricted from 2008 ‐2018, with additional searches conducted up to 2019.Review methodsThis review of SNHV program componentry builds on a previous evaluation of program effectiveness. Programs were selected for inclusion if they had been tested in a randomized or cluster‐randomized controlled trial (RCT/CRCT). Componentry characteristics related to program delivery, nurse provider, and outcome‐specific intervention content were then extracted.ResultsComparison of the seven eligible programs showed seven common core components: antenatal commencement, support to child age 2 years, at least 19 scheduled visits and experienced or highly qualified nurses with program‐specific training, caseloads of approximately 25 families, regular supervision, and multidisciplinary supports. Outcome‐specific program content was generally not well reported.ConclusionThe findings from this review have utility in guiding the development of minimum standard benchmarks and best‐practice recommendations for SNHV programs and call for more detailed publication of core content componentry in the SNHV literature.ImpactIdentification of the core componentry underpinning program effectiveness should inform policy decisions on program selection, adaptation for specific populations, and quality control. Such evidence‐based decision‐making should in turn lead to better maternal and child outcomes among disadvantaged families in high‐income countries, reducing societal and economic burdens of inequity.
The effect of posterior wall isolation for persistent atrial fibrillation on recurrent arrhythmia
Authors: Tokioka Sayuri , Fukamizu Seiji , Kimura Takashi , Takahashi Masao , Kitamura Takeshi , Hojo Rintaro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionIt is important to consider recurrent arrhythmia after catheter ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) for planning an ablation strategy. However, the studies are limited to pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) plus posterior wall isolation (PWI), which were reported to improve procedural outcomes. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of PWI on recurrent arrhythmia.MethodsThis is an observational study on patients with persistent AF comparing PVI plus PWI and PVI only strategies. In PVI plus PWI group, linear ablation of the left atrium roofline and bottom line were performed to achieve PWI after PVI. Some patients with AF recurrence underwent the second procedure. The presence of recurrent arrhythmia and results of the second procedures were evaluated.ResultsA total of 181 patients (mean age, 66.9 ± 10.2 years; male, 76.8%) were included. PVI plus PWI group and PVI only group consisted of 90 and 91 patients, respectively. AF recurrence was observed in 28 of 90 (31.1%) patients with PVI plus PWI and in 43 of 91 (47.3%) with PVI only, and log‐rank test did not show any significant difference (p = .35). The occurrence of recurrent persistent AF was significantly lower in PVI plus PWI group than in PVI only group (5/90; 5.6% vs. 18/91; 20.9%, p = .002). There was no significant difference between the two groups in recurrent paroxysmal AF and atrial tachycardia (AT).ConclusionPWI, in addition to PVI, for persistent AF was significantly related to fewer episodes of recurrent persistent AF, and it did not increase recurrent AT.
Comparison of burst versus ramp antitachycardia pacing therapy for ventricular tachycardia: A meta‐analysis
Authors: de Sousa Marcos R. , Cota Gláucia F. , Burger Achim L. , Pezawas Thomas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCurrent guidelines recommend at least one attempt of defibrillator antitachycardia pacing (ATP) therapy, showing preference for burst therapy. The objective of this study is to compare ramp versus burst ATP therapy proportion of success and acceleration in treating spontaneous or induced ventricular tachycardia (VT). The review protocol was previously published in PROSPERO. Data synthesis and measures of heterogeneity (I2) was performed by CMA® software v.3 comparing proportions in both groups. Sensitivity analysis was performed as subgroup or meta‐regression according to quality, clinical characteristics, and differences in design. Thirteen studies including 30,117 VT episodes in 1672 patients were analyzed. There was no significant difference in the proportion of success between burst and ramp therapy in spontaneous VT (odds ratio = 1.116; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.788–1.579; I2 = 89%). There was no significant difference in the proportion of success between burst and ramp therapy in induced VT (odds ratio = 0.820; 95% CI = 0.468–1.437; I2 = 93%). No significant difference was found in the proportion of acceleration between burst and ramp in spontaneous VT (odds ratio = 0.792; 95% CI = 0.476–1.317; I2 = 83%). No significant difference was found in the proportion of acceleration between burst and ramp in induced VT (odds ratio = 1.234; 95% CI = 0.802–1.898; I2 = 55%). Sensitivity analysis did not change main results. There is no difference in success or in acceleration proportion between burst or ramp ATP therapy irrespective if the VT was spontaneous or induced. Future implantable cardioverter defibrillator programming guidelines should offer both ATP therapies without preference in one of them.
Analysis of changes in circular RNA expression and construction of ceRNA networks in human dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Lin Zhenhao , Zhao Yongchao , Dai Fangjie , Su Enyong , Li Fuhai , Yan Yan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a severe life‐threatening disease worldwide, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to play important roles in various cardiovascular diseases and can function as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). However, their role in human DCM has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, heart samples from DCM patients and healthy controls were used to identify circRNAs by RNA sequencing. Real‐time quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was conducted to validate differentially expressed circRNAs and mRNAs. A total of 9585 circRNAs and 22050 mRNAs were detected in the two groups. Overall, 213 circRNAs and 617 mRNAs were significantly up‐regulated in the DCM group compared with the control group. Similarly, 85 circRNAs and 1125 mRNAs were significantly down‐regulated. According to the ceRNA theory, circRNAs can indirectly interact with mRNAs by directly binding to microRNAs (miRNAs), and circRNAs and mRNAs should be concurrently either up‐regulated or down‐regulated. Based on this theory, we constructed two circRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA networks by using the RNA sequencing data and prediction by proprietary software. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed to probe the potential functions of differentially expressed circRNAs. In conclusion, this study revealed that the expression of cardiac circRNAs was altered in human DCM and explored the potential functions of circRNAs by constructing ceRNA networks. These findings provide a foundation for future studies of circRNAs in DCM.
CircCAMSAP1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression through miR‐1294/GRAMD1A pathway
Authors: Luo Zongjiang , Lu Libai , Tang Qianli , Wei Wang , Chen Pengyu , Chen Yichen , Pu Jian , Wang Jianchu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers with high prevalence and mortality, and it has brought huge economic and health burden for the world. It is urgent to found novel targets for HCC diagnosis and clinical intervention. Circular RNA (circRNA) has been reported to participate in many cancer progressions including HCC, suggesting that circRNA might paly essential role in HCC initiation and progression. Our study aims to found that potential circRNA participates in HCC development and its underlying molecular mechanisms. We obtained three pairs of HCC tissues and its adjacent normal tissues data from GEO DataSets. MTT, cell colony, EdU, wound‐healing, transwell invasion and mouse xenograft model assays were used to demonstrate the biological functions of circCAMSAP1 in HCC progression. Furthermore, we conducted bioinformatics analysis, AGO2‐RIP, RNA pull‐down and luciferase reporter assays to assess the association of circCAMSAP1‐miR‐1294‐GRAMD1A axis in HCC cells. The expression of circCAMSAP1 was up‐regulated in HCC tissues compared with its adjacent normal tissues. Up‐regulation of circCAMSAP1 promoted HCC biological functions both in vitro and in vivo. The promotive effects of circCAMSAP1 on HCC progression function through miR‐1294/GRAMD1A pathway. CircCAMSAP1 was up‐regulated in HCC tissues, and circCAMSAP1 up‐regulated GRAMD1A expression to promote HCC proliferation, migration and invasion through miR‐1294. CircCAMSAP1 might be a potential prognosis and therapeutic target for HCC.
The Impact of Cohesion Policy on Regional Differences in Support for the European Union*
Authors: López‐Bazo Enrique 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCohesion Policy is a core policy of the European Union, the main objective of which is to address uneven economic growth across the EU by promoting balanced and sustainable development. Given its characteristics, it certainly has a great impact on the daily life of European citizens and can compensate population groups and places less favoured by the implementation of the internal market and economic and monetary union. As a result, Cohesion Policy is expected to shape regional support for European integration. This study tests this assumption using regional data for the EU‐28 in a period that includes the recent phases of expansion and recession, in a scenario characterized by growing anti‐EU rhetoric. The results suggest that a greater amount of EU funds spent in the region does not stimulate support for the Union. However, an appropriate temporal distribution of the resources allocated to the region could have a positive effect.
Love at first flight: wing interference patterns are species‐specific and sexually dimorphic in blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
Authors: Butterworth Nathan J. , White Thomas E. , Byrne Phillip G. , Wallman James F. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWing interference patterns (WIPs) are stable structural colours displayed on insect wings which are only visible at specific viewing geometries and against certain backgrounds. These patterns are widespread among flies and wasps, and growing evidence suggests that they may function as species‐ and sex‐specific mating cues in a range of taxa. As such, it is expected that WIPs should differ between species and show clear sexual dimorphisms. However, the true extent to which WIPs vary between species, sexes and individuals is currently unclear, as previous studies have only taken a qualitative approach, without considering how WIPs might be perceived by the insect. Here, we perform the first quantitative analysis of inter‐ and intra‐specific variation in WIPs across seven Australian species of the blowfly genus Chrysomya. Using multispectral digital imaging and a tentative model of blowfly colour vision, we provide quantitative evidence that WIPs are species‐specific, highlight that the extent of divergence is greater in males than in females and demonstrate sexual dimorphisms in several species. These data suggest that WIPs have diversified substantially in blowflies as a result of either sexual or ecological selection.