bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of whale sensory ecology: Frontiers in nondestructive anatomical investigations
Authors: Racicot Rachel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStudies surrounding the evolution of sensory system anatomy in cetaceans over the last ~100 years have shed light on aspects of the early evolution of hearing sensitivities, the small relative size of the organ of balance (semicircular canals and vestibule), brain (endocast) shape and relative volume changes, and ontogenetic development of sensory‐related structures. Here, I review advances in our knowledge of sensory system anatomy as informed by the use of nondestructive imaging techniques, with a focus on applied methods in computed tomography (CT and μCT), and identify the key questions that remain to be addressed. Of these, the most important are: Is lower frequency hearing sensitivity the ancestral condition for whales? Did echolocation evolve more than once in odontocetes; and if so, when and why? How has the structure of the cetacean brain changed, through the evolution of whales, and does this correspond to changes in hearing sensitivities? Finally, what are the general pathways of ontogenetic development of sensory systems in odontocetes and mysticetes? Answering these questions will allow us to understand important macroevolutionary patterns in a fully aquatic mammalian group and provides baseline data on species for which we have limited biological information because of logistical limitations.
Venous networks in the upper airways of bats: A histological and diceCT study
Authors: Smith Timothy D. , DeLeon Valerie B. , Eiting Thomas P. , Corbin Hayley M. , Bhatnagar Kunwar P. , Santana Sharlene E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOur knowledge of nasal cavity anatomy has grown considerably with the advent of micro‐computed tomography (CT). More recently, a technique called diffusible iodine‐based contrast‐enhanced CT (diceCT) has rendered it possible to study nasal soft tissues. Using diceCT and histology, we aim to (a) explore the utility of these techniques for inferring the presence of venous sinuses that typify respiratory mucosa and (b) inquire whether distribution of vascular mucosa may relate to specialization for derived functions of the nasal cavity (i.e., nasal‐emission of echolocation sounds) in bats. Matching histology and diceCT data indicate that diceCT can detect venous sinuses as either darkened, “empty” spaces, or radio‐opaque islands when blood cells are present. Thus, we show that diceCT provides reliable information on vascular distribution in the mucosa of the nasal airways. Among the bats studied, a nonecholocating pteropodid (Cynopterus sphinx) and an oral‐emitter of echolocation sounds (Eptesicus fuscus) possess venous sinus networks that drain into the sphenopalatine vein rostral to the nasopharynx. In contrast, nasopharyngeal passageways of nasal‐emitting hipposiderids are notably packed with venous sinuses. The mucosae of the nasopharyngeal passageways are far less vascular in nasal‐emitting phyllostomids, in which vascular mucosae are more widely distributed in the nasal cavity, and in some nectar‐feeding species, a particularly large venous sinus is adjacent to the vomeronasal organ. Therefore, we do not find a common pattern of venous sinus distribution associated with nasal emission of sounds in phyllostomids and hipposiderids. Instead, vascular mucosa is more likely critical for air‐conditioning and sometimes vomeronasal function in all bats.
Melamine‐Doped Covalent Organic Framework Membranes for Enhanced Hydrogen Purification
Authors: Zheng Wei , Hou Junjun , Liu Cuijing , Liu Pengchao , Li Lianshan , Chen Li , Tang Zhiyong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) are promising materials for membrane separation thanks to their adjustable topological structures and surface properties of nanopores. Herein, a melamine (Me)‐doped COF membrane was fabricated by chemically doping the melamine monomer into TpPa COF, which is formed by the condensation reaction between the 1,3,5‐triformylphloroglucinol (Tp) and p‐phenylenediamine (Pa) monomers via interfacial polymerization. The introduction of melamine monomer allows altering both the pore structure and pore surface of the TpPa COF membrane, leading to enhanced hydrogen purification performance. Specifically, the separation factor of H2/CO2gas mixture by using the melamine doped TpPa COF (TpPaMe COF) membrane reaches 12.7, with a hydrogen permeance of 727 GPU, in sharp contrast to the relatively low separation factor and gas permeance of 7.5 and 618 GPU of the undoped TpPa membrane. Besides, the TpPaMe COF membrane shows good running stability, with H2/CO2separation performance well surpasses the Robeson 2008 upper bound.
Enhanced Zinc Ion Storage Capability of V2O5 Electrode Materials with Hollow Interior Cavities
Authors: Liu Yi , Liu Ying , Yamauchi Yusuke , Alothman Zeid A. , Kaneti Yusuf Valentino , Wu Xiang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52172218) and the JST‐ERATO Materials Space‐Tectonics Project (JPMJER2003). Z.A. is grateful to the Researchers Supporting Project (RSP‐2021/1), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. This work was performed in part at the Queensland node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, a company established under the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy to provide nano and microfabrication facilities for Australia′s researchers.
Extracellular electron transfer via multiple electron shuttles in waterborneAeromonas hydrophilafor bioreduction of pollutants
Authors: Min Di , Liu Dong‐Feng , Wu Jie , Cheng Lei , Zhang Feng , Cheng Zhou‐Hua , Li Wen‐Wei , Yu Han‐Qing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMembers of the genusAeromonasprevail in aquatic habitats and have a great potential in biological wastewater treatment because of their unique extracellular electron transfer (EET) capabilities. However, the mediated EET mechanisms ofAeromonashave not been fully understood yet, hindering their applications in biological wastewater treatment processes. In this study, the electron shuttles inAeromonas hydrophila, a model and widespread strain in aquatic environments and wastewater treatment plants, were explored.A. hydrophilawas found to produce both flavins and 2‐amino‐3‐carboxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone (ACNQ) as electron shuttles and utilize them to accelerate its EET for the bioreduction of various pollutants. The Mtr‐like respiratory pathway was essential for the reduction of flavins, but not involved in the ACNQ reduction. The electron shuttle activity of ACNQ for pollutant bioreduction involved the redox reactions that occurred inside the cell. These findings deepen our understanding about the underlying EET mechanisms in dissimilatory metal reducing bacteria and provide new insights into the roles of the genusAeromonasin biological wastewater treatment.
A mononuclear nonheme manganese(III)‐acylperoxo complex: Synthesis, characterization, and reactivity studies
Authors: Jeon Hyeri , Choi Seoyeon , Hong Seungwoo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA mononuclear nonheme manganese(III)‐acylperoxo complex bearing a simple picolylamine‐based linear ligand was synthesized and characterized by various spectroscopic methods along with theoretical calculations. The reactivity of the manganese(III)‐acylperoxo complex was investigated in the oxygen atom transfer, CH and OH bond activation reactions. The oxidations of organic substrates followed first‐order kinetics with respect to substrates and featured nonradical‐type, suggesting that the manganese(III)‐acylperoxo complex was the reactive oxidant. The CH bond activation of hydrocarbon and the OH bond activation of alcohol proceeded via a rate‐limiting H‐atom abstraction reaction in a concerted manner.
What is the precaecocolic fascia?
Authors: Crabbe Jennifer , Shaw‐Dunn John , MacDonald Angus , McDonald Stuart 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe precaecocolic fascia, previously known as Jackson's membrane, is a variable vascular peritoneal fold between the ascending colon and the right posterolateral abdominal wall. First described in 1913, it was originally thought to be of developmental or inflammatory origin and associated with abdominal pain. This investigation aimed to review its frequency, form and structure and look for evidence of association with malformation of the bowel, or previous inflammation. 26 dissecting room cadavers were studied to identify the precaecocolic fascia, any malrotation of the colon or signs of previous inflammation: adhesions, surgical scars, or absence of the appendix. Its structure was examined histologically and latex injections were used to trace the arteries. Membranes comparable with previous descriptions of the precaecocolic fascia occurred in 12 of 26 abdomens. They varied in form and size from long and translucent to short, thick, and opaque. In structure, the fascia resembled a fold of peritoneum containing a thickened fibrous lamina. Large thin‐walled arteries in the fascia crossed the arteries in the wall of the colon at the point of attachment. No significant association with colonic malrotation or markers of previous inflammation were found. Attention should be paid to the definition of the precaecocolic fascia and “membrane” seems a more appropriate term than “fascia”. It is one of a recognized group of peritoneal folds/bands, doubtful in origin but unlikely to be post‐inflammatory. It may modify colonic mobility or complicate colonic operations.
Treatment resistance analysis reveals GLUT‐1‐mediated glucose uptake as a major target of synthetic rocaglates in cancer cells
Authors: Sieber‐Frank Julia , Stark Hans‐Jürgen , Kalteis Simon , Prigge Elena‐Sophie , Köhler Richard , Andresen Carolin , Henkel Thomas , Casari Georg , Schubert Tobias , Fischl Wolfgang , Li‐Weber Min , Krammer Peter H. , von Knebel Doeberitz Magnus , Kopitz Jürgen , Kloor Matthias , Ahadova Aysel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRocaglates are natural compounds that have been extensively studied for their ability to inhibit translation initiation. Rocaglates represent promising drug candidates for tumor treatment due to their growth‐inhibitory effects on neoplastic cells. In contrast to natural rocaglates, synthetic analogues of rocaglates have been less comprehensively characterized, but were also shown to have similar effects on the process of protein translation. Here, we demonstrate an enhanced growth‐inhibitory effect of synthetic rocaglates when combined with glucose anti‐metabolite 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (2DG) in different cancer cell lines. Moreover, we unravel a new aspect in the mechanism of action of synthetic rocaglates involving reduction of glucose uptake mediated by downregulation or abrogation of glucose transporter GLUT‐1 expression. Importantly, cells with genetically induced resistance to synthetic rocaglates showed substantially less pronounced treatment effect on glucose metabolism and did not demonstrate GLUT‐1 downregulation, pointing at the crucial role of this mechanism for the anti‐tumor activity of the synthetic rocaglates. Transcriptome profiling revealed glycolysis as one of the major pathways differentially regulated in sensitive and resistant cells. Analysis of synthetic rocaglate efficacy in a 3D tissue context with a co‐culture of tumor and normal cells demonstrated a selective effect on tumor cells and substantiated the mechanistic observations obtained in cancer cell lines. Increased glucose uptake and metabolism is a universal feature across different tumor types. Therefore, targeting this feature by synthetic rocaglates could represent a promising direction for exploitation of rocaglates in novel anti‐tumor therapies.
A likely unavoidable clinical scenario during treatment for venous thromboembolism complicated with severe immune thrombocytopenia: A case report
Authors: Takeuchi Takaya , Matsuura Yunosuke , Yamamura Yoshimasa , Ohkusu Momoko , Koyama Shohei , Kawaguchi Takeshi , Akaki Nagayasu Mayumi , Komatsu Hiroyuki , Okayama Akihiko , Ishikawa Tetsunori , Atsumi Tatsuya , Kitamura Kazuo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPatients with immune thrombocytopenia have increased risks of bleeding and thrombosis. The acute‐phase treatment for venous thromboembolism complicated with severe immune thrombocytopenia involves a “platelet dilemma” in therapeutic decision‐making.
Comprehensive Structural Descriptor for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Activities of Iron Oxides
Authors: Sugawara Yuuki , Kamata Keigo , Hayashi Eri , Itoh Mitsuru , Hamasaki Yosuke , Yamaguchi Takeo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo determine the structural descriptor of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in a wide range of Fe‐based oxides, we investigate Fe2O3 polymorphs. Remarkably, the OER activity of the polymorphs strongly depends on the atomic configurations in the crystals, and shorter Fe−O bond lengths are more beneficial for the OER. DFT calculations reveal that the trend of Fe−O bond length on the Fe2O3 polymorphs exhibits a positive correlation with their energy gaps between the occupied oxygen 2p and the unoccupied iron 3d orbitals, i. e., charge‐transfer energy, which promotes the OER activities of metal oxides. Surprisingly, the relationship between the Fe−O bond length and the OER activity can also be applied to a wide range of previously reported Fe‐based multimetal oxide OER catalysts, regardless of their chemical compositions and categories of crystal structures, including perovskite, spinel, brownmillerite, and other types of oxides. The discovered descriptor is an important guideline for the rational design of Fe‐based oxides with excellent catalytic properties for the OER and contributes to the establishment of a hydrogen society.
Elucidating Inner Workings of Naturally Sourced Organic Optoelectronic Materials with Ultrafast Spectroscopy
Authors: Krueger Taylor D. , Fang Chong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRecent advances in sustainable optoelectronics including photovoltaics, light‐emitting diodes, transistors, and semiconductors have been enabled by π‐conjugated organic molecules. A fundamental understanding of light‐matter interactions involving these materials can be realized by time‐resolved electronic and vibrational spectroscopies. In this Minireview, the photoinduced mechanisms including charge/energy transfer, electronic (de)localization, and excited‐state proton transfer are correlated with functional properties encompassing optical absorption, fluorescence quantum yield, conductivity, and photostability. Four naturally derived molecules (xylindein, dimethylxylindein, alizarin, indigo) with ultrafast spectral insights showcase efficient energy dissipation involving H‐bonding networks and proton motions, which yield high photostability. Rational design principles derived from such investigations could increase the efficiency for light harvesting, triplet formation, and photosensitivity for improved and versatile optoelectronic performance.
Risk stratification of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients receiving insulin therapy: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Lee Sharen , Jeevaratnam Kamalan , Liu Tong , Chang Dong , Chang Carlin , Wong Wing Tak , Wong Ian Chi Kei , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Tse Gary 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionMetabolic abnormalities may exacerbate the risk of adverse outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present study aims to assess the predictive value of HbA1c and lipid variability on the risks of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and incident atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsThe retrospective observational study consists of type 2 diabetic patients prescribed with insulin, who went to publicly funded clinics and hospitals in Hong Kong between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2009. Variability in total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C), high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL‐C), triglyceride, and HbA1c were assessed through their SD and coefficient of variation. The primary outcomes were incident (1) ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation, actual or aborted SCD and (2) AF.ResultsA total of 23 329 patients (mean ± SD age: 64 ± 14 years old; 51% male; mean HbA1c 8.6 ± 1.3%) were included. On multivariable analysis, HbA1c, total cholesterol, LDL‐C and triglyceride variability were found to be predictors of SCD (p < .05).ConclusionHbA1c and lipid variability were predictive of SCD. Therefore, poor glucose control and variability in lipid parameters in diabetic patients are associated with aborted or actual SCD. These observations suggest the need to re‐evaluate the extent of glycemic control required for outcome optimization.
Radical Scavenging Potential of the Phenothiazine Scaffold: A Computational Analysis
Authors: Dalla Tiezza Marco , Hamlin Trevor A. , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias , Orian Laura 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe reactivity of phenothiazine (PS), phenoselenazine (PSE), and phenotellurazine (PTE) with different reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been studied using density functional theory (DFT) in combination with the QM‐ORSA (Quantum Mechanics‐based Test for Overall Free Radical Scavenging Activity) protocol for an accurate kinetic rate calculation. Four radical scavenging mechanisms have been screened, namely hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), radical adduct formation (RAF), single electron transfer (SET), and the direct oxidation of the chalcogen atom. The chosen ROS are HO., HOO., and CH3OO.. PS, PSE, and PTE exhibit an excellent antioxidant activity in water regardless of the ROS due to their characteristic diffusion‐controlled regime processes. For the HO. radical, the primary active reaction mechanism is, for all antioxidants, RAF. But, for HOO. and CH3OO., the dominant mechanism strongly depends on the antioxidant: HAT for PS and PSE, and SET for PTE. The scavenging efficiency decreases dramatically in lipid environment and remains only significant (via RAF) for the most reactive radical (HO.). Therefore, PS, PSE, and PTE are excellent antioxidant molecules, especially in aqueous, physiological environments where they are active against a broad spectrum of harmful radicals. There is no advantage or significant difference in the scavenging efficiency when changing the chalcogen since the reactivity mainly derives from the amino hydrogen and the aromatic sites.
Immune‐related adverse events are associated with improved response, progression‐free survival, and overall survival for patients with head and neck cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Foster Corey C. , Couey Marcus A. , Kochanny Sara E. , Khattri Arun , Acharya Rajesh K. , Tan Yi‐Hung Carol , Brisson Ryan J. , Leidner Rom S. , Seiwert Tanguy Y. 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundThe authors hypothesized that patients developing immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) while receiving immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) for recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancer (HNC) would have improved oncologic outcomes.MethodsPatients with recurrent/metastatic HNC received ICI at 2 centers. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression, Kaplan‐Meier methods, and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to associate the irAE status with the overall response rate (ORR), progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) in cohort 1 (n = 108). These outcomes were also analyzed in an independent cohort of patients receiving ICI (cohort 2; 47 evaluable for irAEs).ResultsThe median follow‐up was 8.4 months for patients treated in cohort 1. Sixty irAEs occurred in 49 of 108 patients with 5 grade 3 or higher irAEs (10.2%). ORR was higher for irAE+ patients (30.6%) in comparison with irAE− patients (12.3%; P = .02). The median PFS was 6.9 months for irAE+ patients and 2.1 months for irAE− patients (P = .0004), and the median OS was 12.5 and 6.8 months, respectively (P = .007). Experiencing 1 or more irAEs remained associated with ORR (P = .03), PFS (P = .003), and OS (P = .004) in multivariate analyses. The association between development of irAEs and prolonged OS persisted in a 22‐week landmark analysis (P = .049). The association between development of irAEs and favorable outcomes was verified in cohort 2.ConclusionSThe development of irAEs was strongly associated with an ICI benefit, including overall response, PFS, and OS, in 2 separate cohorts of patients with recurrent/metastatic HNC.
Comparative neuroanatomical distribution and expression levels of neuropeptide F in the central nervous system of the female freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, during the ovarian cycle
Authors: Tinikul Yotsawan , Kruangkum Thanapong , Tinikul Ruchanok , Sobhon Prasert 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNeuropeptide F (NPF) plays critical roles in controlling the feeding and reproduction of prawns. In the present study, we investigated changes in the expression levels of Macrobrachium rosenbergii neuropeptide F (MrNPF), and its neuroanatomical distribution in eyestalk (ES), brain (BR), subesophageal ganglion (SEG), thoracic ganglia (TG), and abdominal ganglia (AG), during the ovarian cycle of female prawn. By qRT‐PCR, the amount of MrNPF transcripts exhibited a gradual increase in the ES, BR, and combined SEG and TG from stages I and II, to reach a maximum level at stage III, and slightly declined at stage IV, respectively. The highest to lowest expression levels were detected in combined SEG and TG, BR, ES, and AG, respectively. MrNPF immunolabeling was observed in several neuronal clusters, associated fibers, and neuropils of these central nervous system (CNS) tissues. MrNPF‐ir was more intense in neurons and neuropils of SEG and TG than those found in other parts of the CNS. The number of MrNPF‐ir neurons and intensity of MrNPF‐ir were higher in the ES, BR, SEG, and TG at the late stages than those at the early stages of the ovarian cycle, while those in AG exhibited insignificant change. Taken together, there is a correlation between changes in the neuroanatomical distribution of MrNPF and stages of the ovarian cycle, implying that MrNPF may be an important neuropeptide that integrates sensory stimuli, including photo‐, chemo‐, and gustatory receptions, to control feeding and reproduction, particularly ovarian development, of this female prawn, M. rosenbergii.
Pap smear based cervical cancer detection using residual neural networks deep learning architecture
Authors: Sellamuthu Palanisamy Vijayanand , Athiappan Rajiv Kannan , Nagalingam Thirugnanasambandan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDetecting and classifying the Pap smear cell images is important task for cervical cancer identification. In this article, dual tree complex wavelet transform (DTCWT) based modified deep learning algorithm is proposed for classifying the Pap smear cell images into four different cases normal, carcinoma in situ, dysplastic, and superficial. This proposed work consists of data augmentation module, DTCWT module and convolutional neural networks (CNN) module for the automatic classification of Pap smear cell images. The CNN module required huge number of cell images for obtaining high classification rate. Hence, the shearing and flipping functions are used in the data augmentation process to improve the dataset samples for further CNN classification module. Then, the spatial pixel behavior of data augmented images is transferred into multimodal pixels using DTCWT, which creates the sub band coefficients in matrix format. This matrix is trained and classified using ResNet 18 which classifies the source Pap smear cell image into four classes. This developed method is tested on the Pap smear cell images available in open access dataset. The average Pap smear detection index (PDI) of the automatic Pap smear cell image classification system is about 99%.