bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cation-exchange resins as heterogeneous catalysts for the synthesis of 1,3-butadiene from propylene and formaldehyde
Authors: Kutuzova T. M. , Kuznetzova O. M. , Akhmedyanova R. A. 
Published: May 2021

The possibility of using the cation-exchange resin Lewatit K2420 as a catalyst for the synthesis of 1,3-butadiene from isopropyl alcohol and formaldehyde solution in one technological stage has been shown. The regularities of the process have been established and the influence of the formaldehyde form (a cyclic trimer 1,3,5-trioxane and a 37% solution in water) on the composition of the reaction mass and the yield of the main and by-products has been assessed. It has been shown that the Lewatit K2420 heterogeneous catalyst showed catalytic activity in all reactions occurring in the synthesis of 1,3-butadiene, including the decomposition of 1,3,5-trioxane, dehydration of isopropyl alcohol into propylene, condensation of propylene and formaldehyde, dehydration of 3-butene-1-ol, decomposition of 4-methyl-1,3-dioxane, etc.
Self-centering walls strengthening by high-performance concrete: a feasibility study
Authors: Jafari Abouzar , Preti Marco , Beheshti Meysam , Dugnani Roberto 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this research, the feasibility of strengthening self-centering walls by high-performance concrete was investigated through an experimentally validated finite element model. The effects of the wall’s axial stress and tendons’ prestressing ratios on the wall’s damage, and the effectiveness of potential strengthening approaches were studied through 40 independent scenarios, and 360 different cases. Using the estimated damage from numerical results at the compression zone near the bottom corners, the maximum compressive strain of the concrete at the walls’ toe regions was estimated. Using the calibrated concrete strain, a practical approach was proposed to delimit both the walls’ damaged height and the crushed height. The heights’ information was used to investigate two potential strengthening approaches by either retrofitting (for damaged walls) or rehabilitating (for newly constructed walls). Increasing the axial stress ratio decreased the maximum developed compressive strain in the toe region, whereas the tendons’ prestressing ratio did not show significant effects. Moreover, by increasing substantially the axial stress ratio, the damaged region increased, whereas by increasing the tendons’ prestressing ratio the opposite effect was produced. Based on the findings of this research, it was concluded that for walls with lower axial stress ratio (< 0.095), both the proposed strengthening approaches resulted in similar outcomes, while for walls with higher axial stress ratio, casting the bottom portion with HPFRC led to sounder/safer designs.
Pattern of WhatsApp and Facebook usage and its impact on sleep quality among nursing students in Pondicherry
Authors: Chandramoorthy Karthikraja , Rajendran Prahankumar , Newtonraj Ariarathinam , Rajamanickam Rajalakshmi , Purty Anil J. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Usage of social networking sites like WhatsApp and Facebook in smartphones has become a basic necessity in today’s life, especially among college students. However, the excess usage of mobile phone affects sleep quality and attention span. Nursing students are prone to sleep disturbance due to their academics and work pattern. The aim of the study was to assess the pattern of WhatsApp and Facebook usage among nursing students and its impact on their sleep quality.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 168 nursing students of a nursing college in Puducherry. Participants were explained about the purpose of study and written informed consent was obtained. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Sleep quality was assessed using PSQI scale. Institutional ethics committee approval was obtained for the study. The data was entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using STATA 14.Results: Among the study participants, most of them prefer WhatsApp over Facebook. Almost 40% of the students had poor quality of sleep. There was statistically significant association between usage of WhatsApp while feeling sleepy, while having food and poor quality of sleep. However, the adjusted prevalence ratio of poor sleep quality did not show statistical significance. Conclusions: The current study showed statistical significance between certain pattern of WhatsApp usage leading to poor sleep quality among nursing students. Thus, corrective measures have to be implemented to moderate the mobile phone usage and improve the sleep quality of nursing students.
Improving Holistic Care Skills for Advanced Practice Registered Nurses: Integration of a Complementary and Alternative Medicine Course Into a Doctor of Nursing Practice Curriculum
Authors: Schramm Jill , Uranga Tiffany , Birkle Amber , Thorp Regina , Taylor Laura 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundComplementary alternative medicine (CAM) is an expanding domain of healing practices harmonized with Western medicine to provide comprehensive treatment of individuals as holistic beings. Patients and healthcare providers worldwide are increasingly inviting and employing CAM practices into healthcare delivery routines. Implementation of courses to introduce CAM into Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) programs exposes future practitioners to current best practices for integrative treatment strategies and encourages consideration when developing a holistic patient-centered care plan.Objective/MethodsA case presentation of an interprofessional CAM course delivered to military graduate nursing students with a pretest posttest course survey to evaluate student's confidence and knowledge of CAM theory and practices. The format included online modules, evidence-based literature critique, knowledge checks, and an immersive hands-on immersion experience.ResultsA total of 240 pre-/postcourse surveys were completed by military graduate nursing students (N = 140) participating in a CAM course. Statistically significant increases in CAM knowledge, communication, and skills confidence levels were found. Following participation in the course, nearly all students (97%) agreed CAM is important and benefits future advanced practice.Conclusion/Nursing ImplicationsCAM is a compendium of holistic healing modalities increasingly being utilized by patients worldwide with similar requests for alternative care techniques from healthcare providers. Military APRN students participating in a CAM course increased knowledge and confidence, and garnered appreciation for an expanded skill set to augment future practice. Case presentation is compelling for standard inclusion of CAM and similar graduate interprofessional courses into all APRN programs.
Rethinking Urbanization: A Transit-Information-Communication –Technology-Oriented Development Path for the Developing Countries and Post-Industrial Towns
Authors: Lam Schuman , Li Heng , Yu Ann T.W. 
Published: May 2021

This study explores a new path of urbanization to enhance the conventional economy-led urban development practice by conducting an urban quality of life (Uqol) survey. It analyzes the Uqol evaluation gap caused by demographic attributes between developing countries, developed countries, and post-industrial town. We adopted a mixed-methods research design, including a literature review and an Uqol survey, to suggest the transit-oriented-development (TOD) and information-communication-technology (ICT) based urban-rural development concept. The finding indicates a disparity of Uqol mean score rankings among the developing countries, developed countries, and the marginalized post-industrial town. It highlights the health, transportation, socio-economic, and technological development in the developing countries strongly desired. Furthermore, Kruskal-Wallis H-test and Mann-Whitney U-test results show significant differences in economy, technology-ICT, smart living, and lifestyle within education, profession, age, and country groups. It clarifies that the well-being gap is shaped by demography and exhibited geographically, which implies TOD-ICT advancement can break down geographical barriers for achieving sustainable growth in remote areas. Supported by the planetary urbanization theory, the human-technology-driven urban development process would facilitate the maturity and implementation of the proposed TOD-ICT-based urban-ruralism (UxR) concept for enhancing the future global urbanization process.
Keywords : Human and Social Geography; Information-Communication-Technology; Urban Policymaking; Transit-Oriented-Development; Urban Quality of Life
Copyright (c) 2021 Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License
THE COMPARISON OF RESIN-BASED COMPOSITES PHYSICAL PROPERTIES BETWEEN BULK-FILL TECHNIQUE AND INCREMENTAL TECHNIQUE
Authors: Aulia Rahmi Khairani 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT:Composite resins are currently the most popular restorative material in dentistry. This is due to good aesthetics and maximum conservation ability. Behind these advantages, there are disbenefits of composite resin materials, such as polymerization shrinkage, which can lead to restoration failure. Various attempts have been investigated to reduce the shrinkage incidence of composite resins, one of which is the technique of placing the restorative material into the cavity. The restoration filling technique is recognized as a significant factor in shrinkage stress. By using a special filling technique, the polymerization shrinkage damage stress can be reduced. There are several techniques in performing composite resin fillings, including bulk and incremental techniques. These techniques have their respective advantages and disadvantages. The aim of this literature review was to compare the physical properties of composite resin restorations with bulk filling and incremental techniques. Physical properties that being studied include polymerization shrinkage, stress shrinkage, degree of conversion, bonding strength, water resorption, color stability, and temperature increase. Comparing the two techniques, composite resin with incremental filling technique has superior physical properties compared to bulk technique. From the comparison of the two techniques, the composite resin with incremental filling technique has superior physical properties compared to the bulk technique, especially in higher conversion which causes lower shrinkage stress. This situation makes the incremental technique provide better bond strength, water resorption, color stability, and lower temperature rise.Keywords: Bulk, Composite Resin, Incremental, Physical Properties, Restoration, Restoration Technique
ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES AND CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES IN ORTHODONTIC ADHESIVE RESIN ON STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS COLONY
Authors: Putri Wulandani Liza , Siregar Erwin , Anggani Haru Setyo 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTBack ground:Strepococcus mutans colonization around orthodontic bracket is the common thing that may commence the development of white spot lesion.Objectives: This research is to analyze antibacterial effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and chitosan nanoparticles in orthodontic adhesive resin toward Streptococcus mutans colony. Methods: This research was conducted at RSKGM University of Indonesia on August 2019. Thirty extracted premolars were randomly allocated into three groups. Bracket was bonded to each specimen using orthodontic adhesive resin (Transbond XT) that was incorporated with titanium dioxide/chitosan nanoparticles. Each sample was submerged in bacterial suspension and was incubated for 24 hours. Streptococcus mutans colony around orthodontic bracket was counted with Total Plate Count methodandthen analyzed using statistical analysis. Results: There is no difference in Streptococcus mutans colony around orthodontic brackets among three treatment groups. Conclusion: Antibacterial effect of orthodontic adhesive resins incorporated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles did not differ from orthodontic adhesive resins incorporated with or without chitosan nanoparticles. This is depicted from the number of Streptococcus mutans colonies around the orthodontic brackets.Keywords: Chitosan nanoparticles, Orthodontic adhesive resin, Streptococcus mutans, Titanium dioxide nanoparticles
PJJ Menggunakan Model Project Based Learning dengan Kolaborasi 11 Mata Pelajaran Untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Siswa Terhadap Wabah Covid 19 di Kelas 8A SMPN 4 Cikalongwetan
Authors: Widiasari Endang Wahyu 
Published: May 2021

PJJ Menggunakan Model Project Based Learning dengan Kolaborasi 11 Mata Pelajaran Untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Siswa Terhadap Wabah Covid 19 di Kelas 8A SMPN 4 Cikalongwetan
The Relationship of Olecranon Apophyseal Ossification and Sanders Hand Scores with the Timing of Peak Height Velocity in Adolescents
Authors: Greene Janelle D. , Yu Kristin , Li Don T. , Furdock Ryan J. , Li Eric , Liu Raymond W. , Cooperman Daniel R. 
Published: May 2021

Background:
The onset of peak height velocity (PHV) guides the timing of interventions in the growing child. The purpose of the present study was to validate the Diméglio olecranon grading system and to compare these scores with the Risser/triradiate closure (TRC), proximal humerus, and Sanders hand scores.

Methods:
Eighty children with annual serial radiographs were selected from the Bolton-Brush collection. The olecranon apophysis was graded with use of lateral radiographs of the elbow. The mean age to PHV was determined for each stage, and reliability was calculated with use of an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Olecranon stage was combined with age, sex, and height in a generalized estimating equation (GEE) model to predict PHV. Predictive performance of this model was evaluated with use of tenfold cross-validation such that the model was trained on 90% of the radiographs and was asked to predict the PHV of the remaining 10%.

Results:
PHV is closely associated with olecranon stage, with stage 1 occurring 3.0 years before PHV and stage 7 occurring 3.4 years after PHV. Stage 5 was found to occur at PHV. Scoring system reliability was high across an array of observers (ICC = 0.85 ± 0.07). The GEE model showed that this olecranon system outperforms the Risser/TRC system in predicting PHV and is comparable with the humerus and Sanders hand systems. When combined with age and sex, the olecranon system successfully predicted PHV such that 62% of PHV predictions were accurate within 6 months and 90% of PHV predictions were accurate within a year.

Conclusions:
Our data show that stage 5 occurs at PHV, contrary to previously published data. When combined with age and sex, the olecranon system successfully predicts PHV within a year in 90% of cases, establishing a single lateral view of the olecranon as a simple alternative to more complex grading systems. Last, we describe novel 3 variations in olecranon morphology and provide a guide for accurate olecranon staging.

Clinical Relevance:
Understanding PHV is critical in the treatment of many pediatric orthopaedic disorders. The revised olecranon staging system will allow for more accurate determination of this variable.
Experimental study on high-efficiency DC short electric arc milling of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V
Authors: Zhou Zongjie , Liu Kai , Xu Yan , Zhou Jianping , Wang Lizhong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Short electric arc milling (SEAM) is an efficient electrical discharge machining method, especially for the efficient removal of difficult-to-machine conductive materials with high hardness, high toughness, and wear resistance. In this study, titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V is used as the research object to conduct machining experiments. The material removal mechanism of SEAM technology is studied using a DC power supply and different tool electrode materials (copper, graphite, Q235 steel, and titanium). The energy distribution of the discharge gap is analyzed using a data acquisition system and a high-speed camera. The arc is found to move with the spindle rotation in the process of arc discharge, and multi-point discharge occurs in the process of single-arc discharge. The voltage and current waveforms and the radius of the etched particles during the experiment were counted, the material removal rate (MRR) and relative tool wear rate (RTWR) are calculated, and the surface and cross-section micromorphology and hardness are analyzed. The experimental results show that when the electrode material is graphite, the maximum feed rate is 650 mm/min, the MRR can reach 17268 mm3/min, the ideal maximum MRR is more than 65000 mm3/min, and the RTWR is only 1.27%. When the electrode material is Q235 steel, the minimum surface roughness is 35.04 µm, and this material has good stability under different input voltages. When the electrode material is copper, the hardness of the resolidified layer is close to that of the base material, which is beneficial for further processing. The lowest specific energy consumption is 18.26 kJ/cm3 when titanium is used as the electrode material.
Isotopic Niche Partitioning and Individual Specialization in an Arctic Raptor Guild
Authors: Johnson Devin L. , Henderson Michael T. , Anderson David L. , Booms Travis L. , Williams Cory T. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Intra- and inter-specific resource partitioning within predator communities is a fundamental component of trophic ecology, and one proposed mechanism for how populations partition resources is through individual niche variation. The Niche Variation Hypothesis (NVH) predicts that interindividual trait variation leads to functional trade-offs in foraging efficiency, resulting in populations comprised of individual dietary specialists. A modified version of the NVH [mNVH] predicts niche specialization is plastic and responsive to fluctuating resource availability. We quantified niche overlap and tested the mNVH within an Arctic raptor guild, focusing on three species that employ different foraging strategies: Golden Eagles (generalists); Gyrfalcons (facultative specialists); and Rough-legged Hawks (specialists). Tundra ecosystems exhibit cyclic populations of arvicoline rodents (lemmings and voles), providing a unique system under which to examine interannual fluctuations in predator resource availability. Using blood δ13C & δ15N values from 189 raptor nestlings on Alaska’s Seward Peninsula (2014–2019), we calculated isotopic niche width and used Bayesian stable isotope mixing models (BSIMMs) to characterize individual specialization and test the mNVH. We observed a high degree of isotopic niche overlap between the three species and variable trophic responses to different stages of the arvicoline rodent cycle. Elevated arvicoline rodent abundance corresponded to reduced niche overlap among species and increased individual specialization in Golden Eagles and Gyrfalcons. Further, Gyrfalcons displayed a positive relationship between individual specialization and population niche width on an interannual basis consistent with the mNVH. Our findings suggest plasticity in niche specialization may reduce intra- and inter-specific resource competition under dynamic ecological conditions.
Polygonal patterns of cyclones on Jupiter:
Convective forcing and anticyclonic shielding
Authors: Ingersoll Andrew , Ewald Shawn P. , Tosi Federico , Adriani Alberto , Mura Alessandro , Grassi Davide , Plainaki Christina , Sindoni Giuseppe , Li Cheng , Siegelman Lia , Klein Patrice , Young William R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
From its unique pole-to-pole orbit, the Juno spacecraft discovered cyclones arranged in polygonal patterns around the poles of Jupiter. In a related modeling study the stability of the pattern depends on shielding -- a ring of anticyclonic vorticity surrounding each cyclone. Without shielding the vortices merge. Here we present high-resolution measurements obtained by tracking clouds in sequences of infrared images. There is vorticity of both signs at 200-km scales. The standard deviation is 0.32 times the vorticity of a large cyclone, whose relative vorticity is 0.46 times the planetary vorticity. Shielding exists at large scales, and it has the magnitude and distance from the vortex center predicted in the model. There is horizontal divergence of both signs at 200-km scales, with standard deviation 0.64 times the vorticity standard deviation. We propose that these intense structures are convection and that convection is the principal energy source for the large vortices.
Study on the Mechanism and Kinetics of Manganese Release from Waste Manganese Ore Waste Rock Under Rainfall Leaching
Authors: Wang Xin , Ren Bozhi , Zhou Yingying , Shi Xiyang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Manganese released from manganese ore wastes under leaching poses a serious threat to the local ecosystem and human health. The mechanism and dynamic characteristics of manganese release under the leaching of manganese ore waste rock are studied based on static and dynamic experiment. The concentration of manganese in the leaching solution under the disturbance state is twice as much as that in the static state; the manganese release from the waste rock increases with the increase of the solid-liquid ratio, and the manganese release is 922.35mg/l when the solid-liquid ratio is 1:5; when the particle size of waste rock is greater than 80 mesh, the precipitation amount of manganese is the largest, and the precipitation concentration is 491.3mg/l; at pH = 7, rainfall intensity is 80 With the increase of leaching time, the amount of manganese released rapidly decreased and gradually reached equilibrium; the cumulative release of manganese increased with the increase of rainfall duration. In the dynamic leaching process, the change of pH and EC of leachate has nothing to do with the initial pH of leachate, but has a close relationship with the hydrolysis of minerals in waste; through the fitting results of kinetic model, it is found that the double constant equation model can better fit the kinetic process of release process. The purpose of this study is to provide a scientific basis for the assessment and control of manganese pollution in soil and groundwater in manganese mining area.
Surface functionalization of natural hydroxyapatite by polymerization of β-cyclodextrin: Application as electrode material for the electrochemical detection of Pb(II)
Authors: Tchoffo Rodrigue , Ngassa Guy B. P. , Doungmo Giscard , Kamdem Arnaud T. , Kenfack Ignas Tonle , Ngameni Emmanuel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A composite material prepared by polymerization of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) on the surface of natural hydroxyapatite using citric acid as cross linker, was employed as electrode material for the detection of Pb(II). Hydroxyapatite was obtained from bovine bones, following a three-step procedure including pre-calcination, chemical treatment with (NH4)2HPO4 and calcination. The structure of the pristine hydroxyapatite (NHAPP0.5) and its functionalized counterpart (NHAPp0.5-CA-β-CD) materials was examined using XRD and FTIR. Upon deposition as thin film on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), the ion exchange ability of NHAPp0.5-CA-β-CD was exploited to elaborate a sensitive sensor for the detection of lead. The electroanalytical procedure was based on the chemical accumulation of lead ions under open-circuit conditions, followed by the detection of the preconcentrated species using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. The reproducibility of the proposed method based on different measurements in a solution containing 2 µM lead gave a coefficient of variation of 1.27%. Significant parameters that can affect the lead stripping response were optimized: a linear calibration curve for lead (II) in the concentration range of 2 × 10− 8 mol L− 1 − 20 × 10− 8 mol L− 1 (R2 = 0.998) was obtained. The detection limit (DL = 3S/M) and the sensitivity of the proposed sensor were 5.06 × 10− 10 mol L− 1 and 100.80 µA.µM− 1, respectively. The interfering effect of several ions expected to affect the stripping determination of lead was evaluated, and the proposed sensor was also successfully applied in the determination of Pb2+ ions in spring water and well water.