bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Clinical and Tumor Factors on Interfraction Setup Errors With Rotation Correction for Vacuum Cushion in Lung Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy
Authors: Chen Hua , Liu Lingxiang , Wang Hao , Shao Yan , Gu Hengle , Duan Yanhua , Feng Aihui , Huang Ying , Xu Zhiyong 
Published: October 2021

PurposeTo explore the influence of clinical and tumor factors over interfraction setup errors with rotation correction for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) patients immobilized in vacuum cushion (VC) to better understand whether patient re-setup could further be optimized with these parameters.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted on 142 NSCLC patients treated with SBRT between November 2017 to July 2019 in the local institute. Translation and rotation setup errors were analyzed in 732 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans before treatment. Differences between groups were analyzed using independent sample t-test. Logistic regression test was used to analyze possible correlations between patient re-setup and clinical and tumor factors.ResultsMean setup errors were the largest in anterior–posterior (AP) direction (3.2 ± 2.4 mm) compared with superior–inferior (SI) (2.8 ± 2.1 mm) and left–right (LR) (2.5 ± 2.0 mm) directions. The mean values were similar in pitch, roll, and rtn directions. Of the fractions, 83.7%, 90.3%, and 86.6% satisfied setup error tolerance limits in AP, SI, and LR directions, whereas 95% had rotation setup errors of &lt;2° in the pitch, roll, or rtn directions. Setup errors were significantly different in the LR direction when age, body mass index (BMI), and “right vs. left” location parameters were divided into groups. Both univariate and multivariable model analyses showed that age (p = 0.006) and BMI (p = 0.002) were associated with patient re-setup.ConclusionsAge and BMI, as clinical factors, significantly influenced patient re-setup in the current study, whereas all other clinical and tumor factors were not correlated with patient re-setup. The current study recommends that more attention be paid to setup for elderly patients and patients with larger BMI when immobilized using VC, especially in the left–right direction.
The Role of Radiotherapy in Soft Tissue Sarcoma on Extremities With Lymph Nodes Metastasis: An IPTW Propensity Score Analysis of the SEER Database
Authors: Qiu Xinzhu , He Hongbo , Zeng Hao , Tong Xiaopeng , Liu Qing 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundSoft tissue sarcomas on extremities with regional lymph nodes metastasis (STSE-RLNM) is a devastating situation. Optimizing therapeutic approaches is vital but hampered by a shortage of randomized trials. We used a population-level database to evaluate radiotherapy’s impact on sarcoma-specific survival (SSS) and overall survival (OS) for surgery for STSE-RLNM.MethodsWe retrospectively screened data from the SEER database (2004–2015), and 265 patients with STSE-RLNM who received surgery, with (134) or without (131) radiotherapy, were enrolled in this study. A propensity-score-matched analysis with the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) Kaplan–Meier curve was created. The log-rank test and Cox regression analysis were performed to compare SSS and OS in patients with and without radiotherapy. Further analysis of radiotherapy time was conducted, and the Kaplan–Meier curve and the log-rank test were done. Landmark analysis was introduced to attenuate the immortal bias.ResultsIn the original unadjusted cohort, the radiotherapy + surgery group is associated with improved SSS [hazard ratio (HR), 0.66; 95% CI, 0.47–0.91; p = 0.011] and OS (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.47–0.88; p = 0.006). This significant treatment effect was also noted in IPTW-adjusted Cox regression either on SSS (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.45–0.93; p = 0.020) or on OS (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.46–0.91; p = 0.013). The Kaplan–Meier curve and log-rank test showed that pre- and postoperative radiotherapy was not related to SSS (p = 0.980 or OS (p = 0.890).ConclusionRadiotherapy and surgery has a significant benefit on the prognosis of patients with STSE-RLNM compared to surgery alone. These findings should be considered when making treatment decisions for them.
Acute Mountain Sickness Following Incremental Trekking to High Altitude: Correlation With Plasma Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Levels and the Possible Effects of Dexamethasone and Acclimatization Following Re-exposure
Authors: Winter Craig , Bjorkman Tracy , Miller Stephanie , Nichols Paul , Cardinal John , O’Rourke Peter , Ballard Emma , Nasrallah Fatima , Vegh Viktor 
Published: October 2021

Purpose: The recognition and treatment of high-altitude illness (HAI) is increasingly important in global emergency medicine. High altitude related hypobaric hypoxia can lead to acute mountain sickness (AMS), which may relate to increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and subsequent blood-brain barrier (BBB) compromise. This study aimed to establish the relationship between AMS and changes in plasma VEGF levels during a high-altitude ascent. VEGF level changes with dexamethasone, a commonly used AMS medication, may provide additional insight into AMS.Methods: Twelve healthy volunteers ascended Mt Fuji (3,700 m) and blood samples were obtained at distinct altitudes for VEGF analysis. Oxygen saturation (SPO2) measurements were also documented at the same time-point. Six out of the 12 study participants were prescribed dexamethasone for a second ascent performed 48 h later, and blood was again collected to establish VEGF levels.Results: Four key VEGF observations could be made based on the data collected: (i) the baseline VEGF levels between the two ascents trended upwards; (ii) those deemed to have AMS in the first ascent had increased VEGF levels (23.8–30.3 pg/ml), which decreased otherwise (23.8–30.3 pg/ml); (iii) first ascent AMS participants had higher VEGF level variability for the second ascent, and similar to those not treated with dexamethasone; and (iv) for the second ascent dexamethasone participants had similar VEGF levels to non-AMS first ascent participants, and the variability was lower than for first ascent AMS and non-dexamethasone participants. SPO2 changes were unremarkable, other than reducing by around 5% irrespective of whether measurement was taken for the first or second ascent.Conclusion: First ascent findings suggest a hallmark of AMS could be elevated VEGF levels. The lack of an exercise-induced VEGF level change strengthened the notion that elevated plasma VEGF was brain-derived, and related to AMS.
Risk Factors for Delirium in the Palliative Care Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Guo Duan , Lin Taiping , Deng Chuanyao , Zheng Yuxia , Gao Langli , Yue Jirong 
Published: October 2021

Objective: Delirium is common and highly distressing for the palliative care population. Until now, no study has systematically reviewed the risk factors of delirium in the palliative care population. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate delirium risk factors among individuals receiving palliative care.Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane database to identify relevant observational studies from database inception to June 2021. The methodological quality of the eligible studies was assessed by the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. We estimated the pooled adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for individual risk factors using the inverse variance method.Results: Nine studies were included in the review (five prospective cohort studies, three retrospective case-control studies and one retrospective cross-section study). In pooled analyses, older age (aOR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01–1.04, I2 = 37%), male sex (aOR:1.80, 95% CI: 1.37–2.36, I2 = 7%), hypoxia (aOR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.77–0.99, I2 = 0%), dehydration (aOR: 3.22, 95%CI: 1.75–5.94, I2 = 18%), cachexia (aOR:3.40, 95% CI: 1.69–6.85, I2 = 0%), opioid use (aOR: 2.49, 95%CI: 1.39–4.44, I2 = 0%), anticholinergic burden (aOR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.07–1.30, I2 = 9%) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (aOR: 2.54, 95% CI: 1.56–4.14, I2 = 21%) were statistically significantly associated with delirium.Conclusion: The risk factors identified in our review can help to highlight the palliative care population at high risk of delirium. Appropriate strategies should be implemented to prevent delirium and improve the quality of palliative care services.
Expression of TSP50, SERCA2 and IL-8 in Colorectal Adenoma and Carcinoma: Correlation to Clinicopathological Factors
Authors: Youssef Heba M. K. , Radi Dina A. , Abd El-Azeem Marwa A. 
Published: October 2021

Background:Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer, it is considered a genetically heterogeneous disease with different molecular pathways being involved in its initiation and progression. Testes-specific protease 50 (TSP50) gene is a member of cancer/testis antigens that encodes for threonine protease enzyme. Overexpression of TSP50 was found to enhance the progression and invasion of breast cancer and other malignant tumors. SERCA2 is widely expressed in several body tissues; its aberrant expression has been involved in many cancers. IL-8 is an inflammatory cytokine. Alongside its role in inflammation, its expression was reported to induce the migration of tumor cells.Aim:Study the expression of TSP50, SERCA2 and IL-8 in colorectal adenoma (CRA), CRC and normal colonic tissues to compare the expression of these biomarkers in relation to clinicopathological parameters and prognostic factors.Results:TSP50, SERCA2 and IL-8 expression varied between normal colonic tissues, CRA and CRC. Significant statistical association was detected between the three biomarkers’ overexpression and degree of dysplasia in CRA. Also, significant statistical relation was found between the three biomarkers’ overexpression and presence of lympho-vascular invasion, advanced TNM staging and high intra-tumoral inflammatory infiltrate. Multivariable analysis showed that the overexpression of the three biomarkers is significantly associated with worse prognosis.Conclusion:The expression of TSP50, SERCA2 and IL-8 was different between the normal tissue and neoplastic colorectal tissue on one hand and between CRA and CRC on the other. Increased expression of these biomarkers in neoplastic epithelial cells of colorectal carcinoma is associated with adverse prognostic factors and could be considered as independent prognostic factors.
Control of an Electric Vehicle Hybrid Energy Storage System
Authors: Ferencz János , Kelemen András , Imecs Mária 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In electric vehicles battery life can be prolonged by using hybrid energy storage systems (HESS ), which combine high energy density batteries with supercapacitors, characterized by high power density. This paper deals with the control of electronic power converters from an active parallel HESS. The load of the HESS is the electrical motor drive of an electric vehicle. The interfaces between the DC-link and the power sources are four-phase bidirectional DC-DC converters driven in current control mode, based on the current references supplied by an active parallel HESS power distribution algorithm. We present a rule-based fuzzy energy management algorithm for a HESS powered electric vehicle and its simulation in MATLAB/Simulink® environment using the Quasi-Static Simulation (QSS ) and Fuzzy Logic toolboxes. Also, simulation results in driving and regenerative braking operation modes of the electric vehicle are presented.
Pilot RNAi Screen in Drosophila Neural Stem Cell Lineages to Identify Novel Tumor Suppressor Genes Involved in Asymmetric Cell Division
Authors: Manzanero-Ortiz Sandra , de Torres-Jurado Ana , Hernández-Rojas Rubí , Carmena Ana 
Published: October 2021

A connection between compromised asymmetric cell division (ACD) and tumorigenesis was proven some years ago using Drosophila larval brain neural stem cells, called neuroblasts (NBs), as a model system. Since then, we have learned that compromised ACD does not always promote tumorigenesis, as ACD is an extremely well-regulated process in which redundancy substantially overcomes potential ACD failures. Considering this, we have performed a pilot RNAi screen in Drosophila larval brain NB lineages using RasV12 scribble (scrib) mutant clones as a sensitized genetic background, in which ACD is affected but does not cause tumoral growth. First, as a proof of concept, we have tested known ACD regulators in this sensitized background, such as lethal (2) giant larvae and warts. Although the downregulation of these ACD modulators in NB clones does not induce tumorigenesis, their downregulation along with RasV12 scrib does cause tumor-like overgrowth. Based on these results, we have randomly screened 79 RNAi lines detecting 15 potential novel ACD regulators/tumor suppressor genes. We conclude that RasV12 scrib is a good sensitized genetic background in which to identify tumor suppressor genes involved in NB ACD, whose function could otherwise be masked by the high redundancy of the ACD process.
RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PENDETEKSI TEGANGAN LISTRIK UNTUK TEKNISI INDIHOME DI PT. TELKOM AKSES WITEL MAKASSAR
Authors: Bijaksana Andi Muhammad Arif , Ardyansah Ardyansah , Farida Farida , NH Masfuad Muttaqin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract—The development of internet network infrastructure in Indonesia is inseparable from the presence of technicians to turn on or distribute internet services to the customer's home. Not infrequently the technicians experience work accidents due to electric shock. The number of work accidents due to electric shock pushed us to design a device that is able to detect electricity early or remotely and easy to use independent technicians so as to minimize work accidents due to electric shock. The objectives of this study are: 1) Designing a voltage detector located around the location of the indihome technician's work. 2) Implement an electric voltage detector on indihome technicians. By using a tool design method designed using applications such as Electronics Workbench (EWB), PCB Express (Printed Circuit Board), Sketchup. And also assembled using tools materials that are easily found in electronic stores. LED (Light Emitting Diode Buzzer serves as an indicator of the presence of electrical hazards around the technician's work location. The results of this study are: 1) This tool is able to detect electrical voltages from a minimum distance of 0 mm to 400 mm. 2) This tool is shaped like a watch so that it is easy to use indihome technicians in working and does not interfere with the work process. Intisari—Pembangunan infrastruktur jaringan internet di Indonesia tidak terlepas dari keberadaan teknisi untuk mendistribusikan layanan internet sampai ke rumah pelanggan. Tidak jarang para teknisi mengalami kecelakaan kerja akibat tersengat listrik. Banyaknya kecelakaan kerja akibat tersengat listrik mendorong untuk merancang sebuah alat yang mampu mendeteksi listrik secara dini atau dari jarak jauh sehingga mampu meminimalisir kecelakaan kerja akibat tersengat listrik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merancang dan mengimplemntasikan alat pendeteksi tegangan listrik yang berada disekitar lokasi kerja teknisi indihome. Dengan menggunakan metode perancangan alat yang dirancang menggunakan aplikasi seperti Electronics Workbench (EWB), Express PCB (Printed Circuit Board), Sketchup. Dan juga dirakit menggunakan alat bahan yang mudah ditemukan di toko-toko elektronik. LED (Light Emitting Diode dan Buzzer berfungsi sebagai indikator akan adanya bahaya listrik yang ada disekitar lokasi kerja teknisi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: 1) Alat ini mampu mendeteksi tegangan listrik dari jarak minimal 0 mm sampai dengan 400 mm. 2) Alat ini berbentuk seperti jam tangan sehingga mudah digunakan teknisi indihome dalam bekerja dan tidak mengganggu proses kerja.
SISTEM KRAN AIR OTOMATIS MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR INFRARED AJDUSTABLE
Authors: Faisal Muhammad , Arsianti Rika Wahyuni 
Published: October 2021

Air merupakan sumber daya alam yang harus dijaga. Kebutuhan air semakin meningkat seiring dengan jumlah penduduk yang semakin besar. Sehingga ketika musim kemarau tiba cadangan air menjadi tidak sesuai dengan jumlah kebutuhan air. Oleh karena itu salah satu cara untuk mengatasi keadaan tersebut adalah mengoptimalkan pemakaian air. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat kran otomatis untuk menghemat pemakaian air. Penelitian ini menggunakan sensor infrared adjustable untuk mendeteksi objek untuk mengatur kran air. Sistem kran air otomatis ini akan diujicobakan pada pengambilan air wudhu untuk diketahui jumlah penghematan air yang dapat dicapai. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 10 orang dimana tiap sampel akan melakukan intervensi wudhu dengan kran biasa dan wudhu menggunakan kran air otomatis untuk dilihat efisiensi penggunaan air. Dari hasil penelitian rata-rata penggunaan air untuk berwudhu adalah 2 liter air. Sedangkan rata-rata penggunaan air untuk 10 sample adalah 7.2 liter air. Sistem kran air otomatis dapat menghemat penggunaan air sebesar 30%. Ini menunjukkan penggunaan sistem bekerja dengan baik untuk menghemat penggunaan air. Jika penggunaan sistem kran air otomatis dilakukan dalam skala yang lebih besar tentu dapat menghemat kebutuhan air yang semakin besar. Sistem kran airotomatis mampu menjadi salah satu solusi pemerintah daerah dalam upaya pemenuhan kebutuhan air masyarakat.
KAJIAN PENGHEMATAN ENERGI LISTRIK UNTUK MEREDUKSI KONSUMSI BAHAN BAKAR SPESIFIK(SFC) GENERATOR SET CADANGAN PADA GEDUNG POLITEKNIK MUARA TEWEH
Authors: Teruna Juli Chandra 
Published: October 2021

Sistem kelistrikan di wilayah Muara Teweh merupakan sistem kelistrikan yang tidak terinterkoneksi dengan sistem kelistrikan Kalimantan Selatan dan Tengah, dimana sampai tahun 2015 kapasitas terpasang diproyeksikan belum dapat memenuhi kebutuhan beban puncak sehingga mengalami defisit 1 MW yang mengakibatkan sering terjadi pemadaman bergilir. Hal ini berimbas kepada pelanggan sehingga untuk mengatasinya Politeknik Muara Teweh mengoperasikan generator set berkapasitas 140 kVA sebagai pembangkit listrik cadangan dengan bahan bakar jenis solar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, kebutuhan daya listrik pada saat beban puncak di gedung Politeknik Muara Teweh sebesar 94,168 kW dengan konsumsi bahan bakar spesifik sebanyak 28,16 liter dalam 1 (satu) jam pengoperasiannya. Dengan manajemen energi yang baik, gedung Politeknik Muara Teweh dapat melakukan penghematan samapai 50% dari beban puncak dengan penghematan konsumsi bahan bakar spesifik dalam pengoperasiannya sebesar 14,08 liter setiap jam.Keywords— Generator set, kapasitas terpasang, beban puncak, konsumsi bahan bakar spesifik/Break Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) dan Break Horse Power (BHP).
La guerra biológica y química en la Grecia antigua (Siglox VIII - IV A. C.)
Authors: Blanco Rodríguez Susana 
Published: October 2021

Cuando escuchamos la expresión "guerra biológica o bacteriológica" pensamos en un tipo de ofensiva en la que se utilizan armas que contienen virus o bacterias capaces de infligir un daño masivo sobre el ejército o la población civil y que su invención es algo más o menos reciente Sin embargo, los griegos de la antigüedad ya conocían los efectos de determinados venenos y sustancias, ya fuesen de origen vegetal o animal, producían en el cuerpo humano. Utilizarlos en el terreno militar fue cuestión de tiempo. En contra de lo que se podría pensar, construir armas químicas y biológicas no era algo muy complicado ni exigía grandes conocimientos: la mayoría de estas armas tenían una tecnología sencilla, lo que no les restaba eficacia.
Las fuentes griegas apenas mencionan este tipo de armas que no sólo fueran utilizadas por los humanos; en la esfera mítica también encontramos ejemplos de su empleo. Este recelo podría deberse a que se consideraban armas crueles y deshonrosas, que simbolizaban la guerra despiadada , astuta, secreta y al margen de todo precepto moral; además solían provocar heridas dolorosas e incurablesy, en el peor de los casos, una muerte angustiosa.
En definitiva, este tipo de armas contradecían el ideal griego de guerra justa, respetuosa y sujeta a unos principios éticos aprobados por la sociedad. Sin embargo, en la Grecia Antigua, el principio del orden y justicia de la guerra, era frágil y recurrir a tretas inteligentes que sorpendieran al enemigo, en el fondo, estaba bien visto. Por lo tanto, establecer dónde estaba el límite entre lo aceptable y lo reprobable era difícil de precisar y es justamente en este contexto donde se encuadrarían las armas biológicas, cuyo uso en Grecia se remotaría a fechas tempranas y a los relatos míticos.
TOXOPATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF PHENYLMETHANE ON MALE ALBINO MICE INTERNAL ORGANS
Authors: Alkaisie B. I. , Hassan S. L. , Radam S. A. 
Published: October 2021

This study was aimed to evaluate the toxic properties of phenylmethane on internal organs and liver enzymes (Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alkaline serum transaminase (AST)changes in mice. Thirty albino mice randomly divided equally into 2 groups, each group contains (15) animals as following: 1st group was administrated orally (0.2 mg / kg B.w) of Phenylmethane daily for (8)weeks, 2nd group was considered as negative control group. Finally all animals euthanized and sample of blood were taken for biochemical examination and histopathological specimens were taken from liver, kidney and brain. Results revealed that phenylmethane pointedly enlarged in the level of liver enzyme after 8 weeks that ALP (88.50 ± 1.01), AST (250.20 ± 0.92) compare with control(50.00 ± 0.85), (231.80 ± 1.40). The histopathological lesions showed that the animals exposed to toxic dose of phenylmethane was characterized by inflammatory reaction, hemorrhage, congested blood vessels, necrosis, fibrosis and granuloma in internal organs. In conclusion, phenylmethane had possess toxic effects for internal organs in mice. To avoid its harm on human, the use of phenylmethane should be expertise.
The Investigation of Using Out-Classroom Experiences to Enhance Indonesian EFL Learners’ Speaking Performance
Authors: Sidik Ezis Japar , Utomo Dhafid Wahyu , Juniardi Yudi 
Published: October 2021

The role of English in Indonesia can be said quite special because English is the only compulsory foreign language included in secondary curriculums. However, the special status of English in national education is not accompanied by satisfactory results. Out-classroom experience (OCE) is believed to overcome this issue and has been applied successfully. Therefore, this study investigates the use of out-classroom experience in enhancing Indonesian EFL learners’ ability in speaking English. By conducting a case study approach, the research used triangulation data collection techniques consisting of classroom observation, interview, and speaking performance test. The study involved 40 undergraduate students from one of the public universities in Banten province as its subjects. The result showed that the use of OCE positively contributes to the development of students’ speaking development. Out-classroom activities can facilitate the learners to access or even create language exposures by themselves. This study provided some implications about using OCE for language teachers and educational practitioners.
Keywords: Out-Classroom experiences, speaking, college students, EFL context