bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Export adjustment to input trade liberalization: The role of import wholesaling services
Authors: Imbruno Michele 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper studies how input trade liberalization affects export performance, by stressing the important role played by import wholesaling services. Using data from China, we find that input tariff cuts imply a decline in aggregate export revenues in mostly direct‐importing sectors, through the exit of varieties from the export market (extensive margin), and a decrease in the foreign sales of surviving varieties (intensive margin). These effects are due to within‐variety efficiency losses, associated with efficiency gains from market share reallocations across varieties. Opposite results are found in sectors that generally rely on wholesalers when importing intermediate inputs.
Stayers or leavers? Spatial (im)mobility patterns of young university graduates living in rural areas in Poland
Authors: Matysiak Ilona 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article aims to explore the (im)mobility patterns of 92 young university graduates living in 10 selected rural municipalities in Poland interviewed within a qualitative study. This is achieved by dividing them into stayers, returnees and newcomers, and looking at their motivations to live in the countryside, plans about their future places of residence as well as their integration into rural communities where they live by analysing their local socializing practices and community engagement. The results show that in each group, those who plan to stay put outnumber the potential leavers—that is, those who would prefer to live elsewhere. The main motivations to stay include a community and family attachment, as well as an aversion to the city or a lack of interest in an urban lifestyle. Having children, property and a social life in the village also contribute to staying. The findings indicate, however, that a university education may affect the interviewees’ integration into the community in terms of weakening their relationships with peers without a university degree and shaping their aspirations and preferences, which do not always match those dominating a rural community.
Training junior doctors to lead rapid responses
Authors: Cetrone Emily , Rozansky Hallie , Ramani Subha 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundTransitions during medical training are a significant source of stress, and junior doctors (residents) primarily learn new skills through on‐the‐job training. As residents transition from postgraduate year (PGY) 1 to 2, they take on new responsibilities, including the management of clinically unstable patients in rapid response (RR) scenarios.ApproachIn 2018, the internal medicine training programme at Brigham and Women's Hospital implemented a ‘Transitions Retreat’ to prepare PGY‐1s for Year 2. In an informal survey, residents endorsed feeling underprepared to lead RRs. We designed a simulation‐based curriculum to teach these skills. Participants completed a questionnaire pre‐simulation and post‐simulation exploring their perceived preparedness. Volunteer residents assessed performance on the simulation using skills checklists and led structured debriefing sessions. We audiotaped, transcribed and thematically analysed these sessions.EvaluationForty‐eight of 58 (82%) PGY‐1s participated. Pre‐intervention, 12.5% felt ‘well‐prepared’ or ‘very well‐prepared’ to lead RRs, compared with 33% post‐intervention. Through qualitative analysis, we identified four key themes in our post‐simulation debriefing conversations: (1) the chaos of RRs, (2) emotional reactions during RRs, (3) challenges and goals of task management and (4) value of interdisciplinary collaboration.ImplicationsThough the majority of residents indicated that the curriculum enabled their preparedness to lead RRs and allowed them to process complex emotions in a safe space, we do not know how well this experience translates to the clinical setting. Therefore, we aim to collect follow‐up data 6 months into the PGY‐2 to explore residents' reflections on real‐life experiences as well as whether the simulation impacted their preparedness to lead real‐life RRs.
Impact of immunosuppression on the immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A mechanistic study
Authors: Hall Victoria G. , Ferreira Victor , Kumar Deepali , Humar Atul 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe optimal management of immunosuppression in transplant patients infected with COVID‐19 is unknown. We performed an in vitro study to determine the effect of individual immunosuppressive agents on SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T‐cell cytokine expression. Convalescent peripheral blood mononuclear cells from eleven non‐immunosuppressed patients with COVID‐19 were preincubated with clinically relevant concentrations of immunosuppressive drugs (tacrolimus, mycophenolate, sirolimus, prednisone) and then stimulated with a SARS‐CoV‐2 peptide pool. Supernatants were analyzed by 14‐plex high sensitivity T‐cell cytokine array. With increasing concentrations of tacrolimus, there was a trend to reduction in the release of IL‐2 (p = .0137), and IFN‐γ (p = .0147) in response to peptide stimulation. There was also a subsequent trend toward a Th2 phenotype, indicated by lower IFN‐γ:IL‐13 ratio (p = .0663) and IFNγ:IL‐4 ratio (p = .0176). Sirolimus appeared to be associated with a proinflammatory cytokine release, including TNF‐α (p = .0027) and IL‐1β (p = .0016), in response to SARS‐CoV‐2 peptides. In contrast, mycophenolate and prednisone did not influence the SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific cytokine response. These are preliminary findings only, with larger studies required to inform clinical recommendations.
An analysis of the trade policy review of the European Union
Authors: Jackson Karen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper provides an analysis of the latest World Trade Organisation Trade Policy Review of the European Union. The review period was one of heightened trade tensions, where the dynamic between China–US–EU dominated the policy agenda. A number of key findings emerge from the review, broader literature and events after the review period: (i) much remains to be negotiated as part of Brexit, (ii) there has been a change of approach whereby trade and investment agreements tend to be separate; this has important implications for the speed of implementation, (iii) strategic oversight regarding extra‐EU investment inflows hinges on national screening mechanisms, (iv) rival infrastructure development schemes are emerging, suggesting that the EU will struggle to create space for their own initiative, (v) free trade agreements are increasingly covering a broader range of issues such as labour rights and environmental protection and (vi) digitisation and a tax schedule for digital services is still work in progress. Overall, the review is an extremely useful reference document. However, a critical assessment of the factual information is necessary.
Embedding spheres in knot traces
Authors: Feller Peter , Miller Allison N. , Nagel Matthias , Orson Patrick , Powell Mark , Ray Arunima 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe trace of the$n$-framed surgery on a knot in$S^{3}$is a 4-manifold homotopy equivalent to the 2-sphere. We characterise when a generator of the second homotopy group of such a manifold can be realised by a locally flat embedded$2$-sphere whose complement has abelian fundamental group. Our characterisation is in terms of classical and computable$3$-dimensional knot invariants. For each$n$, this provides conditions that imply a knot is topologically$n$-shake slice, directly analogous to the result of Freedman and Quinn that a knot with trivial Alexander polynomial is topologically slice.
Fabrication of Robust Superhydrophobic Nickel Films on Steel Surface With High Corrosion Resistance, Mechanical and Chemical Stability
Authors: Abd-El-Nabey B. A. , Ashour M. , Aly A. M. , Mohamed M. E. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Superhydrophobic films were successfully grafted on a steel substrate using potentiostatic electrodeposition of nickel followed by treatment with myristic acid (MA) as a low surface energy material. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to investigate the surface topography of the prepared superhydrophobic films. The results revealed that the prepared Ni films modified by myristic acid have micro-nano structures. Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements showed that the steel substrate was coated with nickel film modified with myristic acid. Three different nickel films were prepared: the Ni-MA (I) deposited from pure nickel sulfate bath (1.0 M NiSO4), Ni-MA (II) deposited from pure nickel chloride bath (1.0 M NiCl2. 6H2O), and the third Ni-MA (III) film deposited from Watts bath (0.2 M NiCl2. 6H2O and 0.8M NiSO4). The superhydrophobic Ni-MA (I) film has the highest corrosion resistance, chemical stability, and mechanical abrasion resistance, while Ni-MA (II) film has the lowest properties.
Design, Analysis, and Fabrication of Water Turbine for Slow-Moving Water
Authors: Adnan Muaz , Tahir Muhammad Ausaf , Jamal Muhammad Azfar , Aslam Zeshan , Irfan Talha , Umer Muhammad 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The energy crisis of the modern era may be overcome by hydrokinetic energy, the most readily and free source of energy available, to provide basic electricity needs to remote and urban areas at a low cost. The kinetic energy of flowing water at low speed could be extracted effectively by designing an appropriate design of the blade, as the turbine’s performance is dependent upon the shape of its blade. In this study, the wind turbine model with some modifications was used to design a blade for the hydrokinetic turbine. The horizontal axis turbine model with propeller type configuration was selected for obtaining higher efficiency. The optimum hydrofoil was selected and designed with an optimal twist angle for the maximum energy extraction process. The model was designed in three-dimensional (3D) modeling software solidworks, and then the power analysis was carried out through numerical simulations using the commercial computational fluid dynamics package ansys fluent. The power output was analyzed with a different number of blades, and performance curves were generated for the most efficient system. The calculations exhibited that for 1.5 m/s rated speed of water with the rotor diameter of 0.6096 m provides the rated power of approximately 150 W at 110 RPMs. The power curve of the turbine was analyzed for the selection of an efficient Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator, and a direct drive system was preferred to reduce the weight and losses. The turbine model was 3D printed for testing and experimentation. The analytical efficiency calculated was 30.52%, and the experimental efficiency achieved was 28.24%. This study shows that the optimum design of hydrokinetic turbines could be integrated into series to provide energy to remote areas where the construction of dams and other resources are not available.
PEGASOS - A New Linking Mechanism for Modular Osteosynthesis Plates in Minimally Invasive Acetabular Surgery
Authors: Trulson Alexander , Küper Markus A. , Leis Artur , Stöckle Ulrich , Stuby Fabian , Hossfeld Max 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Recently presented minimally invasive endoscopic surgical techniques demonstrated the feasibility of implanting standard osteosynthesis plates for pelvic fractures. The reconstruction and internal fixation of complex acetabular fractures is still challenging. The goal of this study is to introduce a divisible implant, with a positive-locking in situ linking mechanism for plate osteosynthesis, making it possible to stabilize large and complex acetabular fractures with involvement of the quadrilateral surface.
Method: Standard implants were used to recreate a base design. Using computer aided design (CAD), a three-dimensional standard implant was divided into two parts, so they could be re-allocated in situ. A critical objective was to reduce the cross-section of each part (clearance gauge). To connect the separated parts in situ, a new linking mechanism (cone in cone) was created. The new construct also features self-stabilization, self-centering, reinforced positional movement and preloading effects.
Results: A linking system for plate osteosynthesis was developed entitled PEGASOS ("Percutaneous Endoscopic Guided Acetabulum-Stabilizing Osteosynthesis System"). Endoscopic implantation and in-situ-linking could be performed in a human cadaver. Therefore, we could demonstrate, that buttressing the quadrilateral surface of the acetabulum could be performed minimally invasive using a divisible suprapectineal buttress plate.
Conclusion: We created a linking mechanism to couple two plates in situ. This mechanism enables an extremely strong, positive-locking connection, whereas its geometric shape allows for different relative movements during the locking procedure, with a single screw.
Measurement and Analysis of Power Losses in Sintered Cores for Power Electronic Devices in Renewable Energy Systems
Authors: Lasek Pawel , Stepien Mariusz 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Measurement of power losses in inductive devices in highly efficient power electronic systems is crucial for choosing appropriate components. A calorimetric method for measuring power losses below 10 W is presented in the following paper to decompose the inductive devices’ power losses. A fully enclosed double-jacked calorimetric chamber is constructed to measure the temperature with digital temperature sensors TMP275, providing a resolution of 0.1 W/K. The finite element method is used with analytical calculation to estimate core and conduction losses to decompose power losses. Power losses are measured for an inductor with a 3C95 ferrite core and four types of windings, where three were made of wire with a different number of strands, whereas the fourth has been made using copper foil. All windings have similar cross-sectional areas for comparison.
Research of a Fast Sample Preparation Method for Water Radioactivity Measurement
Authors: He Shuijun , Wang Xiangwei , Liang Manchun , Su Guofeng , Chen Anying , Zhang Chao , Li Ke 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Radionuclide activity concentration in drinking water cannot be measured directly at normal conditions. The water samples need to be concentrated under mild boiling conditions according to relevant standards. However, the method takes too long a time that it can hardly handle emergency measurements. A fast concentration method based on vacuum and low temperature is proposed in this study. The method was validated in the gross alpha and gross beta measurement of drinking water samples. The sample preparation time based on liquid scintillation counting (LSC) is only about 80 minutes, and the recovery percent of alpha certified sample is more than 80%, and that of beta certified sample is more than 90%. The experimental results show that the method can be used not only for the preparation of samples of gross alpha and gross beta measurement, but also for the preconcentration of specific nuclides measurement.
Experimental Study on Aerosol Transport Behavior in Multiple Cells With Expandable Connecting Pipe for Safety Assessment of Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactors
Authors: Umeda Ryota , Kondo Toshiki , Kikuchi Shin , Kurihara Akikazu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Sodium fire is one of the accidental events in case of sodium leak of sodium-cooled fast reactor. This event is basically the reaction between liquid sodium and oxygen with exothermic heat. The transport behavior of the aerosol as reaction product (sodium oxide) by sodium fire through the air duct between cells may cause damage and failure of the control devices and harmful effect against human body. Previously, many experimental works on sodium fire have been carried out in single cell. However, the finding on the sodium fire experiments using multiple cells is quite limited. Thus, the elucidation of aerosol transport phenomenon between cells is indispensable for validation of sodium fire analysis code.
In this study, in order to obtain the fundamental information on aerosol transport behavior between cells, the development of Multiple cells with Expandable connecting pipe Test (hereinafter referred to as “MET”) facility and related experimental devices have been carried out since 2016. The MET facility comprises 3 cells and several expandable connecting pipes and has the flexible cells arrangement capability for desired multiple cells layout. Also, the size of the cell was determined on the basis of Grashof number to simulate the condition of natural convection heat transfer in case of sodium fire. Each cell comprises 6 wall panels made of both acryl and matte black coating aluminum. For simulant of sodium fire aerosol, silica particle (approximately 2.2 g/cm3, 1μm) was used to simulate the density of sodium oxide produced by sodium fire and primary particle size of the aerosol based on the results obtained by in-situ measurement using laser diagnostics for sodium-oxygen counter flow in our previous work.
The preliminary experiments using 2 cells connected with horizontal or vertical pipe were performed to observe the particle diffusion and transport behavior. The stable particle supply was confirmed in the particle supply cell, and the basic feature on transport behavior between 2 cells was observed by using video camera. After experiment, the particle settled in the floor of each cell was collected and weighed. As a result, certain amount of particle sedimentation was detected in the adjacent cell, which is evident from observation of the particle diffusion and transport behavior. Thus, the basic feature on transport behavior and sedimentation of the particles in the MET facility were confirmed.
Experimental Study on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Water Injection on Molten Pool With Low Mass Fraction of Zirconium
Authors: Li Zongyang , Chang Huajian , Fang Fangfang , Han Kun , Hao Botao , Chen Lian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In-Vessel Retention (IVR) strategy with water injection on the molten pool can ensure the nuclear safety and reduce the possibility of vessel failure. The wATer injectiOn on molten Zirconium-Stainless steel Metallic pool experiment (ATOM) has been performed to investigate the effect of water injection on the heat transfer of the molten pool. The simulant of the molten pool contains the low mass fraction of Zirconium (13%). Two water injections are carried out with the same mass flow. When water is injected on the melt surface, the heat flux transferred to water of the first and the second water injection are about 1.3 MW/m2 and 1.7 MW/m2, respectively. The heat flux in ATOM test is larger than that of the calculated result of Berenson film boiling correlation by 5.3 times for the first water injection and 8.0 times for the second water injection. When water is injected, the melt temperature could be cooled effectively and the heat flux to the sidewall is reduced too. The results indicated that water injection on the surface of the light metallic layer could effectively cool the molten pool and reduce the thermal focusing on the RPV. Neither vapor explosion nor melt ejection is found for the low mass fraction of the Zirconium test.
Steady-State Performance Analysis of a Dual-Cladding Design for Accident Tolerance Fuel
Authors: Deng Qianliang , Li Songyang , Wang Dingqu , Jiang Yueyuan , Liu Zhihong , Xiong Wei , Tian Yalin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The 2011 Fukushima Daiichi accident has highlighted the fatal weaknesses of the currently using fuel system, global interest has expanded in exploring an alternative accident-tolerance fuel (ATF) with enhanced performance during not only accident conditions but also normal operation. Therefore, this paper proposed a novel Dual-Cladding design concept to decrease the probability of cladding failure and increase the accident-tolerance ability of fuel rods in 200MW Nuclear Heating Reactor II (NHR200-II). Compared to the single cladding of conventional PWR fuel, the Dual-Cladding rod has bilayer zirconium-based alloy cladding, which means that an extra zircalloy cladding is added outside the inner zircalloy cladding and the total diameter of the rod is unchanged. This concept can directly decrease the probability of cladding failure to 10% of typical value under normal operation according to relevant probabilistic risk assessment theory and increase fuel coping time during accident conditions in NHR200-II. On the other hand, enrichment of the pellet will be adjusted in this design. And there are also some challenges needed to be addressed, such as heat transfer between the two layers of cladding and fabrication of the rod. This paper showed the basic design of the Dual-Cladding fuel rod and analyzed thermal behavior under normal operation. This concept provides a fresh and economical way to improve the accident-tolerance ability of currently using fuel in NHR200-II.
Study on the Applicability of Typical Valve Failure Data to Non-Reactor Nuclear Fuel Cycle Front-End Facilities
Authors: Lyu Dan , Yang Xiao-wei , Lu Yan , Wang Shi-jun , Xu Chun-yan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Probabilistic safety analysis (PSA) has played an important role in the safety analysis in the field of nuclear power plant, and it could be the development direction of future safety analysis in the field of non-reactor nuclear fuel cycle front-end facilities. In order to promote the PSA in the field of non-reactor nuclear fuel cycle front-end facilities in China, it is necessary to carry out study on the failure frequency of some common equipment used in the non-reactor nuclear fuel cycle front-end facilities. The valve is a kind of quite common equipment used in the non-reactor nuclear fuel cycle front-end facilities to control the transport of various kinds of materials. Based on the failure frequency of the valve collected and calculated in the field of nuclear power plants in the United States of America, the field of the chemical industry in the United States of America and the field of nuclear power plants in China as well, comparison and assessment of the failure modes and failure frequencies of different types of the valve were carried out, and suggestions for the assignment of the failure frequency of the valve in the field of non-reactor nuclear fuel cycle front-end facilities in China were proposed. The study results show that, the failure frequency of the valve in the field of nuclear power plants in the United States of America, the field of the chemical industry in the United States of America and the field of nuclear power plants in China has a high consistency, and the data of the failure frequency of the valve in these three fields could be used as reference for the PSA work in the field of non-reactor nuclear fuel cycle front-end facilities in China; besides, it is necessary to start the raw data sampling and statistical work for the failure frequency calculation of the valve as early as possible in Chinese non-reactor nuclear fuel cycle front-end facilities, so as to obtain the failure frequency and confidence interval of the valve which is suitable for Chinese nuclear chemical engineering practice.