bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Politics of Gay Reparations
Authors: Encarnación Omar G. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter cites books and articles that have appeared in recent years chronicling gay rights advances in the United States, including Linda Hirshman’s Victory: The Triumphant Gay Revolution and its declaration that America has become a “post-gay country.” It also points out how America’s gay rights revolution seems unfinished or incomplete in the absence of a national reckoning with the country’s history of systemic anti-gay discrimination. This chapter explains how gay reparations serve to enhance citizenship by acting as an antidote to the toxic legacy that the history of anti-gay discrimination has left in its wake. It reviews laws that allow discrimination rooted from religious beliefs held against LGBT people.
Voter Responses to Black Women Candidates
Authors: Brown Nadia E. , Lemi Danielle Casarez 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter presents findings from two survey experiments on Black voters. As many Black candidates run in majority-minority districts, the chapter’s focus on Black voters approximates realistic scenarios. Experiment 1 focuses on Black voters’ evaluations of a single candidate as her skin tone and hairstyle are varied, and Experiment 2 focuses on Black Democratic voters’ evaluations of two Black women candidates to determine whether appearances have the potential to split Black Democrats’ votes. Experiment 2 approximates real-world scenarios like the 2019 mayoral election in Chicago between Lori Lightfoot and Toni Preckwinkle. This chapter speaks to how Black voters evaluate Black women candidates who vary in phenotype.
Do Special Elections Tell Anything about Upcoming General Elections?
Authors: Bullock Charles S. , Owen Karen L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chapter 6 presents quantitative analyses on 298 special election contests held since World War II. The authors model two features associated with special elections. The first analysis seeks to understand the correlates of winning a special election. The second set of models explores whether results of special elections shed light on which party will excel in the next general election.
Vocal Virtuosity
Authors: Parr Sean M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Vocal Virtuosity is a book about the apex of operatic vocalism. Nothing strikes the ear quite like a soprano singing in the sonic stratosphere. Whether thrilling, chilling, or repellent to the listener, the reaction to cascades of coloratura with climaxing high notes is strong. Coloratura—agile, rapid-fire singing—was originally essential for all singers, but its function changed greatly when it became the specialty of particular sopranos over the course of the nineteenth century. The central argument of Vocal Virtuosity runs counter to the historical commonplace that coloratura became an anachronism in nineteenth-century opera. Instead, the book demonstrates that melismas at mid-century were made modern. Coloratura became an increasingly marked musical gesture during the century with a correspondingly more specific dramaturgical function. In exploring this transformation, Parr’s research reveals the instigators of this change in vocal practice and the perpetuators of the art of coloratura. Vocal Virtuosity examines the historical traces of Parisian singers who were the period’s greatest exponents of vertiginous vocality as archetypes of the modern coloratura soprano. The book also explores what melismas can signify in operatic performance while constructing the historical trajectory of coloratura as it became gendered the provenance of the female singer. In arguing that vocal virtuosity was a source of power for women, generating space for female authorship and creativity, the book reclaims a place in history for the coloratura soprano.
Science Denial in Crisis
Authors: Gorman Sara E. , Gorman Jack M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In 2019, a historic pandemic erupted due to a disease we would later know as COVID-19. Millions of people around the world quarantined in their homes as healthcare systems became quickly overwhelmed and death tolls rose. At the same time, the World Health Organization (WHO) proclaimed that we were facing another simultaneous crisis: a crisis of misinformation, which the WHO called an “infodemic.” Unfortunately, this dual crisis was not specific to the coronavirus pandemic but is something that can be seen across history in other epidemics. This chapter explores the question of what happens to our now familiar notion of science denial during a crisis, arguing that many of the same principles that we discuss throughout this book are at play in a more heightened manner. We will end by proposing some possible solutions to the misinformation crisis that so often coincides with times of public health crisis.
The Other Indians in Town
Authors: Calloway Colin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter shows that tribal delegates were not the only Indian people to be found in the cites of early America. Indian people included cities in their trade networks and they lived and worked in and around town in various capacities as both free and unfree labor. They went to cities and stayed there for many reasons and cities became centers of cultural mixing as well as economic exchange. Colonial laws designed to regulate Indian people reveal how much they were part of the fabric of urban life. Some Indians sought refuge in cities during times of war; others were taken there as prisoners of war. Increasing racial violence rendered Indian people in and around town vulnerable.
The Things They Saw
Authors: Calloway Colin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter follows Indian delegates as they explored the city during their extended stay, identifying the sights they would have seen, as well as what they would have heard and smelled. Since the Indian delegates did not leave written accounts, the chapter draws on descriptions provided by non-Indian travelers and contemporary images to show how city streets, buildings, markets, wharves, prisons, and churches would have looked to visitors. It provides examples and anecdotes of Indian experiences and suggests how Indian people would have reacted to some of the more unsavory aspects of urban life and facets of so-called civil society that ran counter to the values and practices that sustained Indigenous communities.
Nasty as I Wanna Be
Authors: Sher George 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter introduces the book’s guiding question: Is thought ever subject to moral regulation? Some examples of the sorts of beliefs, attitudes, and fantasies that many regard as morally impermissible are provided, and the conception of morality that will inform the discussion is specified. The chapter advances a number of reasons for asking whether thoughts can be morally wrong, some theoretical and some practical, and anticipates its later argument that internalized restrictions on thought would have a significant adverse effect on mental freedom. Some bad arguments, both for and against moralism about the mental, are mentioned in order to be set aside, and the chapter ends with brief summaries of the chapters to come.
Harmful Thoughts
Authors: Sher George 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Private thoughts can lead to public harms in a variety of ways. They can do so by motivating those who harbor them to perform harmful acts, by motivating their own hurtful or destructive communication, and by being unintentionally disclosed by persons who don’t mean to communicate them. In addition, although mind-reading is presently impossible, that may change in the future, and if it does, it will be a further source of mischief. The questions that this chapter addresses are, first, whether a thought’s actually causing harm in one of these ways can make its previous occurrence morally wrong, and, second, whether a thought’s posing the risk of causing harm in one of these ways can make having it now morally wrong. Of these questions, the current chapter answers all versions of the first, and some versions of the second, in the negative. The remaining versions of the second question are carried over to the following chapter.
Peter Martyr Vermigli and the extra Calvinisticum
Authors: Drake K.J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter expounds the extra Calvinisticum in Peter Martyr Vermigli during the second eucharistic controversy and in polemical dialectic with the Lutheran doctrine of ubiquity. The chapter expounds Vermigli’s mature christological work, The Dialogue on the Two Natures of Christ, written against Lutheran theologian Johannes Brenz. Vermigli brought together various aspects of theological and philosophical argumentation to produce a coherent account of the extra. He continued the trajectory of the extra found in previous works by prioritizing Christ as Mediator, deploying a sophisticated doctrine of the hypostatic union, and articulating a doctrine of the communicatio idiomatum precluding a sharing between the natures themselves. Vermigli contributes to the doctrine in two main ways, corresponding to his training in humanism and scholasticism. He broadened the sources for the doctrine by attending to conciliar christology and patristic testimony, and he incorporated certain aspects of Aristotelian philosophy into his defense of the extra.
Introduction
Authors: Heft James L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter introduces the importance of a continuing substantive conversation on the identity and mission of Catholic higher education. It reviews some of the debates before and after Vatican II (1962–1965) and explains the metaphor of the “open circle,” the danger of mission slippage, and the profound cultural changes over the past seventy-five years. It also offers a diagnosis of the current state of Catholic higher education and describes the Institute for Advanced Catholic Studies (ifacs.com).
Liberal Education
Authors: Heft James L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The sleepy liberal arts colleges that upperclassmen attended went through dramatic changes by the twenty-first century, both in the growth of numbers of students and in the focus of study: mainly technical, scientific, and commercial education. The liberal arts play a key role in Catholic education. The purposes of liberal education are discussed. One way to describe that purpose is not only to learn about history and literature but also, even more importantly, to learn from history and literature. In the Catholic intellectual tradition, moral formation, abandoned at most secular universities, remains important and strengthens virtuous habits, both intellectual and moral. Liberal education liberates the “fly in the bottle,” gives perspective through the study of history, and deepens human sensibility through literature and theological studies. In that tradition, the transcendent dimension expands the horizons of relevance and deepens sympathy for the human condition. In an age of social media, the relevance of liberal education becomes ever more obvious.
The Bible Told Them So
Authors: Hawkins J. Russell 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Bible Told Them So explains why southern white evangelical Christians in South Carolina resisted the civil rights movement in the 1950s and 1960s. Simply put, they believed the Bible told them so. Interpreting the Bible in such a way, these white Christians entered the battle against the civil rights movement certain that God was on their side. Ultimately, the civil rights movement triumphed in the 1960s and, with its success, fundamentally transformed American society. But such a victory did little to change southern white evangelicals’ theological commitment to segregation and white supremacy. Rather than abandoning their segregationist theology in the second half of the 1960s, white evangelicals turned their focus on institutions they still controlled—churches, homes, denominations, and private colleges and secondary schools—and fought on. Despite suffering defeat in the public sphere, white evangelicals continued to battle for their own institutions, preaching and practicing a segregationist Christianity they continued to believe reflected God’s will. Increasingly caught in the tension between their sincere beliefs that God desired segregation and their reticence to vocalize such ideas for fear of seeming bigoted or intolerant by the late 1960s, southern white evangelicals eventually embraced rhetoric of colorblindness and protection of the family as measures to maintain both segregation and respectable social standing. Such a strategy spread throughout the evangelical subculture and set southern white evangelicals on a detrimental path for race relations in the decades ahead.
Jim Crow on Christian Campuses
Authors: Hawkins J. Russell 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chapter 3 highlights the continued influence of segregationist theology in evangelical circles even as explicit segregationist rhetoric began losing purchase outside that sphere in the mid-1960s. The centerpieces of this chapter are parallel narratives detailing the desegregation of Wofford College and Furman University, the respective flagship institutions of the Methodist and Baptist denominations in South Carolina. In describing the battles between school administrators who sought to desegregate their institutions and the laity of the state’s two largest denominations who resisted such measures, this chapter emphasizes white evangelicals’ continued opposition to black civil rights even as the broader southern culture was forced by the federal government to acquiesce on integration in institutions of higher education. Segregationist theology remained influential for a majority of white Baptists and Methodists who voted against desegregating the church schools in the mid-1960s and who withdrew their support when the colleges integrated against these Christians’ desires.
Focusing on the Family
Authors: Hawkins J. Russell 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chapter 5 examines how by the early 1970s white evangelicals utilized the emerging rhetoric of colorblindness in service to the defense of their households. When the Supreme Court forced South Carolina to enact substantive desegregation of the state’s public schools in the closing years of the 1960s, white Christian parents interpreted the move as a threat to their children’s well-being. In response, these parents helped create private religious schools that functioned as havens, they believed, for keeping their children safe. White Christian parents rarely discussed race, maintaining instead that they were merely following God’s mandate to shepherd their children by creating schools with stricter behavioral standards and higher educational expectations than the integrated public schools. But this chapter documents how these private schools, in actuality, represented another bastion of religiously motivated resistance to racial equality and helped extend the legacy of segregationist Christianity into the twenty-first century.
Shared Devotion, Shared Food
Authors: Keune Jon 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This book is about a deceptively simple question: when Hindu devotional or bhakti traditions welcomed marginalized people—women, low castes, and Dalits—were they promoting social equality? This is the modern formulation of the bhakti-caste question. It is what Dalit leader B. R. Ambedkar had in mind when he concluded that the saints promoted spiritual equality but did not transform society. While taking Ambedkar’s judgment seriously, when viewed in the context of intellectual history and social practice, the bhakti-caste question is more complex. This book dives deeply into Marathi sources to explore how one tradition in western India worked out the relationship between bhakti and caste on its own terms. Food and eating together were central to this. As stories about saints and food changed while moving across manuscripts, theatrical plays, and films, the bhakti-caste relationship went from being a strategically ambiguous riddle to a question that expected—and received—answers. Shared Devotion, Shared Food demonstrates the value of critical commensality to understand how people carefully negotiate their ethical ideals with social practices. Food’s capacity to symbolize many things made it made an ideal site for debating bhakti’s implications about caste differences. In the Vārkarī tradition, strategically deployed ambiguity and the resonating of stories across media over time developed an ideology of inclusive difference—not social equality in the modern sense, but an alternative holistic view of society.
The Role of Children in the Revival of Hebrew
Authors: Reshef Yael 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter discusses the role played by the first generation of Hebrew-speaking children in the emergence processes of Modern Hebrew. As the education system was a major agent in the dissemination of Hebrew speech, the first section is dedicated to a detailed survey of the development of Hebrew education in Palestine in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Next, the sociolinguistic aspects of speech revival are discussed, with particular reference to the crucial contribution of the introduction of preschool education in Hebrew. Finally, the chapter analyzes linguistic aspects of the process; it is suggested that insights gained from some well-studied cases of language emergence presented in the linguistic literature may be used to explain how a distinct, relatively uniform native variety emerged in Hebrew within a very short time span.
Performing Music Research
Authors: Williamon Aaron , Ginsborg Jane , Perkins Rosie , Waddell George 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Performing Music Research is a comprehensive guide to research in music performance. It reviews the knowledge and skills needed to critique existing studies in music education, psychology, and performance science, and to design and carry out new investigations. Methodological approaches are highlighted across the book in ways that help aspiring researchers bring precision to their research questions, select methods that are appropriate for addressing their questions, and apply those methods systematically and rigorously. Each chapter contains a study guide, comprising a chapter summary, a list of keywords, and suggestions for further discussion. The book concludes with a resources section, including a glossary and supplementary material to support advanced statistical analysis. The book’s companion website provides information designed to facilitate access to original research and to test knowledge and understanding.
Research ethics
Authors: Williamon Aaron , Ginsborg Jane , Perkins Rosie , Waddell George 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chapter 3 of Performing Music Research explores the guiding principles on which ethical codes are based. These can be summarized as follows: people should not be harmed, nor their rights and dignity compromised, and research must be of scientific value and carried out with integrity. These issues must be considered and addressed in the earliest stages of research and in light of the potential benefits of the findings of the research to society. The chapter reflects on the philosophical underpinnings of ethical research and outlines the process whereby ethical approval is typically sought and obtained, with reference to a selection of codes of research ethics published by professional associations and regulatory bodies that guide and inform research activity.
Observations
Authors: Williamon Aaron , Ginsborg Jane , Perkins Rosie , Waddell George 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chapter 4 of Performing Music Research examines three different types of observation: (1) participant observation, in which the investigator has a dual role, acting as both participant and researcher, thereby placing value on the insights gained through an “insider” perspective on the phenomenon under observation; (2) semi-structured observational methods, typically used when a researcher wants to observe specific behaviors as more of an “outsider” but also wishes to retain an element of open-ended enquiry; and (3) quantitative, structured observational research, which relies on a more objective and detached observation of predetermined categories. Throughout, the chapter considers the advantages of each of these methods and the challenges they pose.
Surveys
Authors: Williamon Aaron , Ginsborg Jane , Perkins Rosie , Waddell George 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chapter 7 of Performing Music Research describes the main features of surveys and discusses when it is appropriate to use them. It considers the key decisions that must be taken when designing a survey, when and how to choose a questionnaire that has already been validated, and how to adapt or construct a new questionnaire. It highlights different types of data, and the different types of questions that are available to researchers, including open and closed questions, rating and measurement scales, and ranking systems. The chapter outlines the overall structure of an effective questionnaire and discusses the relative advantages of paper-based (print) and electronic delivery. It also considers the pros and cons of surveys and describes how to report their results.
Experiments
Authors: Williamon Aaron , Ginsborg Jane , Perkins Rosie , Waddell George 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chapter 8 of Performing Music Research examines the experiment as a means of assessing new ideas and initiatives, producing evidence that can support crucial developments in the lives and education of musicians. It outlines several key types of experiment, defined by how people are divided into groups, what those groups do, and how those groups are compared; it also considers how experimental strategies can be used to examine changes in an individual over a period of time. The chapter discusses guidelines for the effective design and conduct of experiments. Finally, it describes how to document the method and how to achieve rigor and validity in experimental research.
Qualitative analysis
Authors: Williamon Aaron , Ginsborg Jane , Perkins Rosie , Waddell George 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chapter 9 of Performing Music Research introduces the characteristics of qualitative analysis, focusing on the interpretative role of the researcher. Given that large volumes of information are typically collected in qualitative enquiry, the chapter presents ways of organizing and storing data and discusses the strengths and limitations of computer-assisted analysis. It goes on to discuss three types of qualitative analysis: thematic analysis, suitable for identifying patterns of meaning across data collected from multiple participants; interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), suitable for understanding the lived experience of individual participants; and qualitative synthesis, suitable for developing a holistic account based on a synthesis of the data. Throughout, the chapter explains how to report qualitative results efficiently and effectively.
Inferential statistics
Authors: Williamon Aaron , Ginsborg Jane , Perkins Rosie , Waddell George 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chapter 11 of Performing Music Research considers the main features of inferential statistics. Statistics describe the characteristics of particular samples and guide the inferences that may be drawn from those characteristics not only to the sample but also the wider population. The use of inferential statistical tests thus enables researchers to make comparisons between studies and draw generalizable conclusions. The chapter begins by showing how the probability that a finding is the result of chance, or random “noise” (fluctuation) in the data, can be quantified. It then considers how to judge the relative size of the finding and the general properties of data.