bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling the applicability of Low Impact Development (LID) technologies in a university campus in the Philippines using Storm Water Management Model (SWMM)
Authors: Frias R A , Maniquiz-Redillas M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Progressive land development increases the imperviousness of an area which disrupts the water balance and results to the degradation of water quality, high peak flow, and excessive volume of surface runoff. One efficient approach to address this issue on water is the application of Low impact development (LID) technologies. LID helps improve the water quality and water quantity of an area to maximize its land-use. In this study, the eight LID technologies available in SWMM namely, bio retention cell, infiltration trench, rain garden, green roof, permeable pavement, rain barrel, rooftop disconnection, and vegetative swale were applied in simulating the area of the De La Salle University - Laguna Campus, a pre-developed area in Binan, Laguna which currently undergoes land-use change. This study area was simulated without the use of LID, with the use of varying LID, and capturing the 80, 90, and 95 percent of all the rainfall from 1989-2018. Digital elevation model and disaggregated rainfall data were used as input in SWMM. The ArcMap 10.4 was utilized to delineate and produce the three sub catchments with an area of 24.13 ha., 10.18 ha., and 4.34 ha., respectively while Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) software was used in analyzing these sub catchments to produce water balance values. Results showed that more than 60 percent of the disaggregated rainfall was under the one-year return period. Also, bioretention cell with 80th percentile rainfall maximizes the reduction of runoff while infiltration trenches with 95th percentile rainfall were the most effective in increasing the infiltration among the eight LID technologies. It was also indicated that the surface runoff in first sub catchment was reduced to more than 80% using bioretention cell, infiltration trench, rain garden, or rooftop disconnection. Finally, the area of a sub catchment has a positive correlation in its reduced runoff while a negative correlation in its infiltration when integrating the LID technologies. This research can be a resource for further studies and in to support SDGs 6, 9, and 11 to have a better water management, resilient infrastructures, and attain sustainable cities and communities.
Optimization of deep soil mixing mass for construction of tunnel cross-passage in Bangkok
Authors: Seng Mengly , Boonyatee Tirawat 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A cross-passage from a tunnel to an intervention shaft in Bangkok subsoils was modelled using three-dimensional finite element analysis. The optimization was performed for reducing the volume of soil-cement mass while maintaining ground stability. The result showed that the factor of safety increases linearly with the thickness of improved ground. The relationship between the improved groundmass and ground surface settlement curve was made. It was found that the predicted settlement profile can be captured by the formula proposed by Peck and O’Reilly, providing that the empirical coefficient of 0.6 is fit well with the results from the 3D simulation. This value was obtained from the average of empirical coefficient value 0.4 and 0.7, which are the empirical coefficient values of stiff clay and soft clay, respectively based on the overburden thickness.
Calibration and Validation of Lane Changing Following Gap Distance in VISSIM
Authors: Mohamed H A , Puan O C , Hassan S A , Azhari S F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Lane change (LC) is an essential feature of expressway driving behavior that affects traffic efficiency and safety. Thus, a wrongful execution of LC, could be due to the wrong choice of gap distance before the LC manoeuvre. This might lead to road crashes, mostly in form rear-end, sideswipe, or angled collision. This research evaluates the characteristics of drivers’ Following Gap Distance (FGD) during LC using VISSIM traffic simulation program. Data were collected along a representative segment along with Kuala Lumpur – Seremban expressway for two days using an instrumented vehicle approach. A passenger car was instrumented with a Video Velocity Box (VBox), an on-board data acquisition system used for video recording of the road’s traffic event. A total of 75 and 20 following incidences of lane changing were observed in first and second day, respectively. Standstill Distance (CC0), Gap Time (CC1) and Following Distance Oscillation (CC2) were used as calibration parameters in VISSIM model. FGD was used as a measure of performance for the model. The data from second day was used for model validation. The findings indicate that the model was well calibrated and validated. Therefore, it can be used for modelling various scenarios involving LC on the expressway.
Investigation of Pile Behaviour using Rotary-Jacking Method
Authors: Hassan N S , Ibrahim A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This research investigates the installation of a new pile using the rotary and jacking method. The use of hydraulic ram to apply static jacking force does not produce the noise and ground vibration produced by the traditional percussion and vibro-hammer methods. The pile jacking process can increase the bearing capacity and stiff base response but may occasionally cause excessive installation resistance. An innovative rotary jacking method can overcome these problems and enhance pile performance. The research seeks to determine the effect of pile loading and the pile response under axial loading. The laboratory experiment uses a 25-mm circular pile and a screw pile together with a large container filled with silica sand attached to a rotary jacking machine. The installed piles are subjected to the installation and static load tests. The results show that the rotary jacking method successfully installed the pile with less resistance between the sand and pile surface, which allows the piles to penetrate the required depth with less loading. The experimental results proved that the rotary jacking method reduced soil settlement and the time taken to drive the pile into the soil. This new innovative method will enhance pile installation in the construction industry.
Critical micelle concentration, interfacial tension and wettability alteration study on the surface of paraffin oil-wet sandstone using saponin
Authors: Alpandi A H , Inasyah F A , Sidek A , Husin H , Junin R , Jaafar M Z 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, the implementation of chemical enhanced oil recovery (CEOR) techniques improves the oil recovery by injecting synthetic surfactants in reservoir. However, the recent use of this synthetic surfactant is quite expensive and possesses toxicity problems when exposed to the environment. This issue has forced the search for alternative, cheaper and natural synthetic surfactant to enhance oil recovery. Hence, this study aims to provide some insights into the effect of saponin as natural plant-based non-ionic surfactant on the surface of paraffin oil-wet sandstone. The effectiveness of saponin depends on the critical micelle concentration (CMC), interfacial tension (IFT) and wettability alteration. The surfactant concentration containing saponin was varying from 0.005wt% to 0.07wt% to determine CMC value using surface tension measurement, meanwhile for IFT measurement was conducted at 0.5wt% to 8wt% concentration using Krus Tensiometer K6. The experiments were conducted at standard condition with 25°C and 14.7psia. The findings showed that surface tension for CMC value of saponin is 0.05wt%. Approximately 27% reduction from initial IFT was achieved with 8wt% of saponin concentration. The saponin successfully alter the wetting state of oil-wet sandstone to intermediate-wet through quantitatively measurement of contact angle. Saponin with low CMC value is favourable to become a reference concentration as natural surfactant, effective to alter of reservoir rock properties, facilitate oil mobilization, increase oil recovery and suggested as an additive for mitigating wax deposition.
Dry wear behavior and mild-to-severe wear transition in an Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy
Authors: Wang Y B , Li Liang , An J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper describes the wear behavior, mild-to-severe wear transition (MSWT), analysis of microstructure and property underneath the wear surface for an Mg-10.1Gd-1.4Y-0.4Zr alloy within 0.2–4.0 m s−1 under dry sliding condition. The volumetric wear rate was plotted against applied load at each experimental speed. The worn surfaces were examined by SEM and EDS techniques, from which the wear mechanisms were identified, and they were used to draw a wear mechanism transition map with mild and severe wear regions. The results reveal that there exists a turning point on the wear rate-load curve under each sliding speed, which actually corresponds to MSWT. Two different types of MSWT are found in different speed ranges. The first one is controlled by a severe oxidation wear, and it operates within 0.2–0.5 m s−1, while the second one is controlled by a severe plastic deformation (SPD) wear, and it works within 0.8–4.0 m s−1. An analysis of microstructure and property underneath the worn surface proves that the mechanism for the second type of MSWT is the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) induced softening of surface material. With the help of DRX dynamics theory of metals, the critical surface DRX temperatures for MSWTs within 0.8–4.0 m s−1 are estimated, and from which the transition loads are evaluated according to a simplified modeling for MSWT load. There is a good agreement between the calculated and measured transition loads, indicating that SPD-controlled MSWT follows contact surface DRX temperature criterion.
Design and analysis of biodegradable buttress threaded screws for fracture fixation in orthopedics: a finite element analysis
Authors: Chandra Girish , Pandey Ajay 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Screws made up of non-biodegradable materials (Ti-alloy, etc.) have been used since long for temporary joining/fixation in applications involving skeleton damage or bone fracture. These screws need to be removed after complete healing as their sustained presence results in many complications, such as - micro-fracturing, stress shielding, etc. The removal of these screws is a little difficult too as it may result in the healed bone getting broken/damaged again. These problems can be overcome by employing metallic implants (plate, screws, etc.) made up of biodegradable metallic materials (Mg-alloy, etc.). Such implants exhibit optimal mechanical performance, are biocompatible, have adequate biodegradation rates, and rely on a unique design. Internal fracture fixation makes usage of screws with or without an accompanying plate. Buttress-threaded screws are the most frequently used ones. These screws must have the capacity to bear usually occurring loads and hold fractured segments of bone all through the process of healing. Finite element analysis (FEA) is an effective technique used for testing and validation of desired characteristics for Mg-based biodegradable buttress-threaded screw (BBTS). The characteristics of interest include maximum possible pullout resistance to tightly hold segments of bone, torsional ability for tightening or tapping, bending ability during providing plate support by screw head, and resistance to combined loading (tensile/compressive and bending) during the self-support stage using merely the screw(s). According to test results and subsequent validation through discretization error and convergence plot, BBTS made up of Mg-alloy are found safe for regular applications under usually encountered impact loads. Topological optimization and vibration analysis are also performed wherein it is observed that design of BBTS is good enough for possible usage in fracture fixation in orthopaedics.
Off-axis magnetic fields of a circular loop and a solenoid for the electromagnetic induction of a magnetic pendulum
Authors: Jang Taehun , Ha Hye Jin , Seo Yun Kyung , Sohn Sang Ho 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this study, two types of approximate analytic functions for the off-axis magnetic field

B
⃗

r
,
θ

of a circular loop and a finite-length solenoid are presented. The derived analytic functions reduce to a well-known magnetic field formula with respect to the vertical axis of the circular loop and the solenoid when

θ
=
0
.

In addition, we investigated two types of

B
⃗

r
,
θ

within the approximate conditions through a simulation performed using Wolfram Mathematica. The derived analytic functions can be used to determine the magnetic field

B
⃗

r
,
θ

at arbitrary points with large r and small θ around a circular loop and a solenoid. They are helpful for investigating the electromagnetic induction that can be attributed to a magnet swinging over a coil or a solenoid.
Ceria nanoparticle theranostics: harnessing antioxidant properties in biomedicine and beyond
Authors: Banavar Shubha , Deshpande Aaditya , Sur Shantanu , Andreescu Silvana 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTheranostic nanoparticles (NPs) which provide both therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities have potential to fundamentally change biomedical sciences and improve disease diagnostics and therapy. This review summarizes the recent advances in the development of ceria NPs (CeNPs) therapeutics with combined free radical scavenging activity and biosensing functions as a promising class of theranostic probes in biomedicine. The unique physicochemical properties of CeNPs including the antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties are discussed in relation to their therapeutic efficacy in disease models including neurodegenerative diseases, anti-inflammatory, hypoxic damage, ischemia-reperfusion. The potential to combine the antioxidant properties with sensing functions to achieve synergistic therapeutic and biosensing functions is highlighted with a focus on personalized medicine and next generation therapy. The current state-of-the-art, challenges and opportunities for future development of CeNPs as active theranostic probes in biomedicine are also discussed.
V-FROG—single-scan vectorial FROG
Authors: Ilan Haham Gil , Levin Alexander , Sidorenko Pavel , Lerner Gavriel , Cohen Oren 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We propose and experimentally demonstrate single-scan vectorial frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) which characterizes the amplitude, phase and polarization of ultrashort laser pulses using a single measured spectrogram. It is carried out by rotating the polarization of the incoming pulse (using a half-wavelength waveplate), in parallel to scanning the delay between the pulse and its replica in an otherwise ordinary FROG apparatus. A ptychography-based phase retrieval algorithm extracts the full pulse information from the recorded spectrogram. We numerically show that this method is reliable and use it to experimentally reconstruct a pulse with intricate time-dependent polarization. We also show that this method can be used to remove time-reversal ambiguity of second harmonic generation FROG.
Who are refugees and other forced migrants?
Authors: Loescher Gil 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter defines who refugees are. Persons recognized as refugees are individuals who have fled persecution and conflict in their home country and no longer enjoy the legal protections afforded to citizens of a state. As a consequence, the 1951 Refugee Convention stipulates that refugees should be protected and should have access to national courts, the right to employment and education, and a host of other social, economic, and civil rights on a par with nationals of the host country. The chapter then looks at the differences between refugees, asylum seekers, and internally displaced persons (IDPs), and why they leave their home countries. Together, they are referred to as forced migrants.
Refugees
Authors: Loescher Gil 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter traces the history of refugees. Throughout all periods of human history, people have been forcibly displaced and have fled their homes as a consequence of political, ethnic, and religious persecution, and wars. The practice of receiving societies and religious institutions offering some form of protection, political belonging, and rights for the displaced has an equally long history. By the late 1940s, the newly created United Nations recognized the need to extend the existing international treaties and organizations regarding refugees particularly to meet the growing post-war refugee problem in Europe. The result was a process that established the contemporary global refugee regime.
Causes of refugee movements
Authors: Loescher Gil 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines the causes of refugee movements. The majority of mass movements today are caused by internal conflicts, and ethnic cleansing, genocide, and politicide; religious, cultural, and ethnic intolerance; socio-economic inequalities; and increasingly by conflict-induced famine, mass starvation, and climate change. As a consequence, there has been a proliferation of complex emergencies that combine internal conflicts with large-scale displacement of people. Until the international community is able to effectively address these root causes, forced displacement will remain a common feature of world affairs. It is thus critical to ensure that international responses to forced migration also lay the foundation for refugees to find a solution to their plight.
Perceptions and misperceptions about refugees
Authors: Loescher Gil 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter looks at perceptions and misperceptions about refugees, considering anti-refugee and anti-migrant rhetoric. The lived experiences of refugees and asylum seekers are often far removed from how they are represented in the media and public discourse. While it would be hard to generalize from these diverse experiences, the responses of states, the lack of international cooperation, and the limits of the global refugee system have fuelled many misperceptions about refugees. The chapter then discusses how restrictive policies affect all refugees. They can compound the challenges faced by particular categories of vulnerable refugees, such as women, children and adolescents, the elderly, refugees with disabilities, and members of the LGBTQ community.
Asymptomatic bacteriuria: Impact of an antimicrobial stewardship bundle to reduce unnecessary antibiotics in patients without urinary catheters
Authors: Rico Matthew , Sulaiman Rand , MacLeod Rachel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of an antimicrobial stewardship bundle on the management of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB).MethodsIn this quasi-experimental study, patients were selected by retrospective, consecutive sampling of patients with a positive urine culture report in 3 separate groups: preintervention, postdiagnostic intervention, and posteducation. Patients met the prespecified criteria for non–catheter-associated ASB. The diagnostic intervention involved a new urinalysis/urine culture ordering process in place of urinalysis with reflex to urine culture. Additionally, an educational intervention involved pharmacist-led sessions to educate providers with patient cases and guideline-based recommendations. The primary outcome of this study was the difference in the rate of inappropriate management of ASB, defined as the use of antimicrobial agents intended to treat ASB. Secondary outcomes included length of antimicrobial therapy, length of stay, and change in urine culture orders per 1,000 patient-days.ResultsA total of 120 patients were included. There was a significant reduction in the inappropriate management of ASB between the preintervention and postdiagnostic intervention groups (P = 0.0349). This was not seen when comparing the postdiagnostic intervention and posteducation groups (P = 0.93). Additionally, there was a significant difference in urinalysis/urine culture ordering between the preintervention and postdiagnostic intervention groups (370 vs 224 urinalysis orders per 1,000 days present, P &lt; 0.0001; 131 vs 54 urine culture orders per 1,000 days present, P &lt; 0.0001).ConclusionAn antimicrobial stewardship bundle involving a diagnostic stewardship intervention and pharmacist-led education reduced treatment of ASB in patients without urinary catheters.
Fermented date residue extract mix containing gamma-aminobutyric acid augments the immune function of mouse splenocytes
Authors: Hattori Keiyu , Yamamoto Yoshinari , Fujii Sotaro , Kumrungsee Thanutchaporn , Hasegawa Momoko , Yoshida Atsushi , Suzuki Takuya , Sambongi Yoshihiro 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
An extract of date (fruit of a palm tree) residue plus food-grade glutamate, acetic acid, and yeast extract (date residue extract mix, DREM) has been successfully fermented with using Lactobacillus brevis JCM 1059T to produce gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Here, mouse splenocytes were found to be viable when supplemented with DREM and fermented DREM containing GABA (fDREM). The addition of DREM and fDREM resulted in the secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α from the splenocytes, fDREM being more effective than DREM. The TNF-α secretion with DREM was elevated by exogenous addition of GABA and that with fDREM was in part mediated via A-type GABA receptors. Contrary to general understanding of the suppressive effects of GABA on various biological functions, our findings suggest that GABA-containing fDREM arguments the immune function as a food and pharmaceutical material.
Housing, Homelessness and Children’s Social Care: Towards an Urgent Research Agenda
Authors: Cross Sally , Bywaters Paul , Brown Philip , Featherstone Brid 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHaving a secure, safe and affordable home is an essential element in the experience of a ‘good enough’ childhood. This is not available to a large and growing number of children and parents in the UK because of a structural housing crisis affecting the availability, quality, affordability and regulation of accommodation. There is a clear body of evidence which demonstrates the negative effects of poor housing and homelessness on children’s health and development. A much smaller body of work implicates housing policies and conditions in child abuse and neglect, but there is a profound lack of good quality data or research about the role which housing and homelessness play in shaping demand for social care in the UK. This article reviews the available evidence, identifying limitations and gaps. Its aim is to open up policy and practice conversations about the increasing significance of housing and homelessness as a critical issue for children’s social care in the UK whilst making the case for an urgent research agenda.
On Your Marx…? A World to Win or the Dismantlement of a Profession? On Why We Need a Reckoning
Authors: Whelan Joe 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis essay adds to the debate started by Chris Maylea, who called for ‘an end to social work’, and subsequently joined by Paul Michael Garrett, who offered a riposte to Maylea’s call, whilst also illustrating the possibility of ‘dissenting social work’. Whilst not constructed as a direct response to either, this essay does engage with each and enters similar territory in the hope of extending the debate. The main thrust of what is presented here then suggests that rather than dismantling the profession and before imagining a new social work paradigm, we would do well to examine how social work is currently defined and whether or not this definition is reflective of contemporary social work practice, particularly in the liberal welfare states of the anglosphere. Effectively, I argue that it is not and that this is evident through what I term ‘the unfulfilled promise of social justice’. On this basis, I want to argue for a more expansive understanding of social work as an act of reclamation that challenges how social work has become ensconced within repressive state apparatuses. In doing so, I suggest that we should move to ‘reclaim’ our radical roots by turning to ‘ideas lying around’.