bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN PERFORMANCE BONDS AND THE PRINCIPLE OF INDEPENDENCE OF THE BANK'S COMMITMENT IN JORDAN
Authors: Al-Amaren Emad Mohammed , Bt Md. Ismail Che Thalbi , Bin Md. Nor Mohd Zakhiri 
Published: April 2021

As the wide range of international trade out-turn and diversity of the parties, causing banks have to create a new credit service, that is bank guarantees, to enhance the trust between the parties. By providing the security and ease, the beneficiary will obtain a certain amount of money from the bank and being independent from the other party. While the committed party provides insurance to the beneficiary as a guarantee for the implementation or good performance in accordance with agreed terms, in this situation, performance bonds are crucial to be considered as this tool has the principle of independence regarding the bank’s commitment, as such, could clarify one party obligation to provide money, services or goods to another party. Taking performance bonds as solution whereby accompanied the Guaranty (<em>Al Kafala</em>) and subordination imposed by the legal system, the lacunae of legal rules which govern performance bonds has created difficulties and may lead Judges to create the new relevant law. This article is aimed at studying how the Jordanian Judiciary deals with performance bonds, since there is no previous legal rules governing such bank contract.
ROHINGA STATELESS PERSONS: ROLE OF UNHCR IN REFUGEE PROTECTION AND LACK OF ADEQUATE LEGAL PROTECTION IN INDONESIA
Authors: Sutiarnoto Sutiarnoto , Leviza Jelly , Azam Saiful 
Published: April 2021

<table width="583" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td valign="top" width="371"><p><em>This article aimed to study about h</em><em>ow</em><em> </em><em>role of UNHCR in refugee protection</em><em> and </em><em> the legal protection for Rohingya refugees in Medan municipality</em><em>. </em><em>According to data from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (hereinafter abbreviated to UNHCR) </em><em>since</em><em> January 2012, there were 3275 asylum seekers and 1052 refugees</em><em>. </em><em>Most refugees come to Indonesia with the hope of being permanently resettled elsewhere, often in America or Australia, but increasingly stringent immigration policies, massive underfunding and a lack of resources to sustain the influx of newcomers have left them stuck here.</em><em> </em><em>This research uses a sosio-legal research with statute approach, conceptual approach, and case approach. </em><em>There are several provisions regarding refugees, but none have specifically discussed the handling of refugees in Indonesia. The positive law of immigration in Indonesia does not contain any special provisions (lex specialis) for asylum seekers and refugees. Because Indonesia has not ratified the 1951 Convention and 1967 Protocol, the Indonesian government does not have the authority to deal with refugee problems. The authority to handle refugees is given to international organizations such as UNHCR which is a UN organization, IOM, ICRC and various other organizations or NGOs engaged in the humanitarian sector. However, the handling of this international organization has not been implemented optimally due to obstacles</em><em></em></p></td></tr></tbody></table>
Yunpi-Huoxue-Sanjie Formula Alleviates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Inducing Autophagy
Authors: Zhang Xin , Guan Jia-Qi , You Li-Yan , Mao Zhu-Jun , Qin Lu-Ping 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Yunpi-Huoxue-Sanjie (YP-SJ) formula is a Chinese herbal formula with unique advantages for the treatment of diabetic cardiovascular complications, such as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of YP-SJ formula in regulating myocardial autophagy. To determine whether YP-SJ formula can be used as an adjuvant therapy for DCM, its therapeutic effects and mechanism in myocardial injury caused by type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) rats were determined. Methods: A high-fat diet combined with low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) injection was used to induce DCM in rats. Biochemical reagents were used to analyze blood glucose levels, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay determined insulin levels, echocardiography assessed cardiac structure and function, histopathology was used to detect myocardial inflammation and fibrosis, myocardial autophagosomes were observed by transmission electron microscopy, and quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analyses were used to detect the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins. Results: After treatment with YP-SJ formula, DCM rats’ metabolism was abnormal and myocardial inflammation, fibrosis, and cardiac dysfunction were significantly improved. In addition, compared with DCM, YP-SJ formula significantly increased the number of autophagosomes, the expression of forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) and autophagy related 12 (Atg12) ; the expression of phosphorylated FoxO1 and p62 was significantly decreased, and the level of myocardial autophagy was increased. Conclusions: YP-SJ formula can alleviate the myocardial damage caused by T2DM, and thus may serve as an alternative treatment for DCM.
CT-defined Sarcopenia Prevalence in Patients With Metastatic Cancer: A Cross-sectional Multicenter French Study (the SCAN&nbsp;Study)
Authors: Raynard bruno , Pigneur Frédéric , Palma Mario Di , Deluche Elise , Goldwasser François 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Sarcopenia negatively impacts survival outcomes, treatment tolerability and functionality in cancer patients. However, there is a limited appreciation of its true prevalence, due inconsistent diagnostic methods and limited oncologist training. Methods: 29 French healthcare establishments participated in this cross-sectional study, recruiting patients with those metastatic cancers most frequently encountered in routine practice (colon, breast, kidney, lung, prostate). The primary outcome was low muscle mass prevalence, as diagnosed by estimating the skeletal mass index (SMI) at the third-lumbar vertebrae (L3) level via computed tomography (CT). Other objectives included an evaluation of nutritional management, physical activity, and toxicities related to ongoing treatment.Results: 766 patients (49.9% males) were enrolled with a mean age of 65.0 years. Low muscle mass prevalence was 69.1%. Cachexia prevalence among patients was 44.5%, but only one-third of sarcopenic patients benefited from nutritional support. Physicians highly underdiagnosed those patients identified with low muscle mass, as defined by the primary objective, by 74.3% and 44.9% in obese and non-obese patients, respectively. Multivariate analyses revealed a lower risk of low muscle mass for females (OR: 0.22, P<0.01) and those without brain metastasis (OR: 0.34, P<0.01). Low muscle mass patients were more likely to have delayed treatment administration due to toxicity (11.9% versus 6.8%, P=0.04). Conclusions: There is a critical need to raise awareness of low muscle mass diagnosis among oncologists, and for improvements in nutritional management and physical therapies of cancer patients to curb potential sarcopenia. This calls for cross-disciplinary collaborations among oncologists, nutritionists and physiotherapists.
Enhanced Frictional Properties of NiO-based Nanocomposites With the Addition of GDC
Authors: Park Jooho , Ahn Minwoo , Han Seungwoo , Lee Wonyoung , Lee YoungZe 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The tribological performance and friction-induced vibration of Gd0.2-Ce0.8O1.9 (GDC) reinforced nickel oxide (NiO) metal matrix composites prepared via sintering on the tribological performance, as well as friction induced vibration were investigated. Compared to pure NiO, the composites exhibit improved mechanical properties, such as a relatively high dislocation density, hardness and small grain size. The results show that GDC-reinforced NiO nanocomposites feature improved tribological performance and can suppress the occurrence of friction-induced vibration under variable loading conditions. Furthermore, the generated acceleration can be suppressed by wear particles generated during the friction process, acting as the third body at the contact interface. As a result, the addition of GDC reduces the grain size of the composite, increases hardness, and improves tribological properties through the synergetic effect of the solid lubricating action of NiO and the role of the third body of the wear particle.
Mushroom Polysaccharides-Alginate/κ-Carrageenan Microcapsules Trigger NK Cells-Cytotoxic Activity Against Colon Cancer: Induction of Kappa B- Alpha Inflammatory Pathway
Authors: El-Deeb Nehal , El-Aassar M. R. , Farag Mohamed M. S. , Farrag Ayman A. , Mohamed Mahmoud A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
PurposeThe main objective of this study is to explore the effects of the extracted mushroom polysaccharides in the form of polysaccharides-Alginate (Alg.)/kappa carrageenan (El-Aassar MR) microcapsules to activate natural killer cells (NK) against colon cancer. MethodsWater soluble polysaccharides were extracted from nine wild isolates of Egyptian Mushroom, and their safety patterns were checked on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The extracted Agaricus bisporus MH751906 polysaccharide was microcapsulated in Alg/κ-carrageenan microcapsules. The morphology and swelling behavior of Alg/κ-carrageenan microcapsules, Alg/κ-carrageenan*polysaccharide microcapsules was determined. Also, the in vitro release of Polysaccharide from Alg/κ-carrageenan*polysaccharide microcapsules was analyzed. The Effects of Alg/κ-carrageenan*polysaccharide microcapsules on activating NK cells against colon cancer was evaluated at both cellular and molecular levels. ResultsThe results showed that, the extracted polysaccharide from the isolate 8 (submitted to the Gen Bank as Agaricusbisporus MH751906) was the safest sample on PBMCs even at 5mg/ml. The microencapsulated polysaccharides in Alg/κ-carrageenan*polysaccharide formula showed better thermal stability at high temperature with higher hydrogel swelling rates in alkaline pH. Upon NK cells activation with microcapsules (ANK cells), a significant decrease in CD11b and CD16-CD56- and an increase in CD16+CD56+ NK cell populations were recorded. These activated NK cells showed 74.09% cytotoxic effects against CaCO-2cellswith an increase of cancer cell populations in the G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, the ANK cells-CaCo-2treated cells recorded down regulations both Bcl2 and TGF genes and up regulation of IkappaB-α expression.ConclusionA novel polysaccharides-alginate/κ-carrageenan microcapsules preparation to enhance NK cell cytotoxic effects against colon cancer cells and this inhibitory effect is associated with the regulatory effects of inflammatory pathway through the induction of IkappaB- alpha.
Modulation Recognition Based on Denoising Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Network
Authors: Du Ruiyan , Liu Fulai , Xu Jialiang , Gao Fan , Hu Zhongyi , Zhang Aiyi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Modulation recognition is an important research area in wireless communication. It is commonly used in both military and civilian domains, such as spectrum detection and interference identification. Most existing modulation recognition algorithms have a better recognition performance at high signal noise ratio (SNR). However, when SNR decreases to -10 dB or even lower, such as the battlefield and disaster areas and other harsh environment, the recognition rate may decrease dramatically. In order to solve this problem, a modulation recognition algorithm based on denoising bidirectional recurrent neural network (DBRNN) is proposed. Firstly, the state memory ability of the signal reconstruction layer in the network is utilized to learn the temporal correlation of the modulated signal, the reconstruction of the received signal is completed and the noise in the modulated signal is suppressed. Then, the reconstructed signal is encoded and decoded by the feature reconstruction layer, in which the feature of reconstructed signal is compressed and reconstructed, thereby the influence of noise can be further reduced. Finally, the reconstructed features are identified and classified by the fully connected layer. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed network can effectively suppress the noise in the signal. Compared with other existing algorithms, the proposed method has higher recognition accuracy in the low SNR environment.
Pneumatic Artificial Muscle Actuator Under Parametric and Hard Excitations
Authors: KALITA BHABEN , DWIVEDY SANTOSHA K. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this work, a single degree of freedom system consisting of a mass and a Pneumatic Artificial Muscle (PAM) subjected to time varying pressure inside the muscle is considered. The system is subjected to hard excitation and the governing equation of motion is found to be that of a nonlinear forced and parametrically excited system under super- and sub-harmonic resonance conditions. The solution of the nonlinear governing equation of motion is obtained using the method of multiple scales (MMS). The time and frequency response, phase portraits and basin of attraction have been plotted to study the system response along with the stability and bifurcations. Further, the different muscle parameters have been evaluated by performing experiments which are further used for numerically evaluating the system response using the theoretically obtained closed form equations. The responses obtained from the experiments are found to be in good agreement with those obtained from the method of multiple scales. With the help of examples, the procedure to obtain the safe operating range of different system parameters have been illustrated.
Prediction of COVID-19 Wide Spread in India using Time Series Forecasting Techniques
Authors: Shitharth S. , Mohammad Gouse Baig , Ramana Kadiyala , Bhaskar Vidhyacharan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The assets of some of the enormous wealth are strain out due to the massive infectivity of COVID-19. India is a portion of the global wide spread of COVID- 19 engender by dreadful drastic respiratory syndrome corona virus 2. As of 15th July 2020, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has committed a total of 968857 instances, 612768 healings and 24914 demises in the country. Due to the heighten magnitude of number of instances, a professional working in the health departments, some forecasting methods would be required to forecast the number of instances in subsequent days. Due to a towering of uncertainty and lack of crucial information, quality models have shown stubby accuracy for long-term forecast. Among several machine learning models investigated, Time Series Forecasting like Facebook’s Prophet showed promising results. In this paper, we have predicted the number of committed, healed, demise instances of COVID-19 in India 60 days’ forwards, forecasted the Number of Committed instances, healed instances and demise instances of COVID-19 in India 30 days onwards. Relied on the consequences announced here, and due to the mostly composite nature of the COVID-19 eruption and variation in its deportment, this study suggests machine learning as an efficacious contrivance prototype to the eruption.
Identification of Common Oncogenic Genes and Pathways Both in Osteosarcoma and Ewing’s Sarcoma Using Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Zhang Jingwei , Liu Wenjun , Ding Liang , Cheng Dongdong , Xiao Haijun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to explore common oncogenic genes and pathways both in osteosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma. Methods: Microarray data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were respectively identified using the limma package, followed by intersection of common DEGs. Then, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed and hub genes were identified. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis was analyzed. The expression of common oncogenic genes was validated in 38 osteosarcoma and 17 Ewing’s sarcoma tissues by RT-qPCR and western blot. Results: 201 genes were differentially expressed. There were 121 nodes and 232 edges in the PPI network. 12 genes were considered as hub genes. Functional enrichment analysis results showed that hub genes FN1, COL1A1 and COL1A2 were all involved in extracellular matrix, protease binding and ECM-receptor interaction, which could be involved in the development of osteosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma. Among common oncogenic genes, FN1, COL1A1 and COL1A2 were lowly expressed both in osteosarcoma and Ewing’ s sarcoma tissues at mRNA and protein levels. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that common oncogenic genes such as FN1, COL1A1 and COL1A2 and pathways were both in osteosarcoma and Ewing’ s sarcoma.
Application of Transcatheter Arterial Embolization Sequential Surgery in the Treatment of Liver Cancer
Authors: Liu Xin , Liu Feng Yue , Zhu Min , Wang Ya Dong , liu chongzhong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Preoperative transcatheter arterial embolization (TACE) is conducive to improve the surgery rate and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. This study aimed to evaluate the reasons and treatment effects of preoperative TACE as well as its influence on the surgery outcome.Method A total of 22 HCC patients (aged 36–68) undergoing TACE sequential surgery were retrospectively reviewed in our centers between January 2018 and August 2020. The parameters reasons, response of tumor to TACE, objective remission rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR), downstaging rate, abdominal adhesion and arterial injury were statistically analyzed.Results The reasons of preoperative TACE included downstaging (45.5%, 10/22), bridging therapy (22.7%, 5/22), individual choice (13.7%, 3/22), definite diagnosis (9.1%, 2/22), control of liver tumor bleeding (4.5%, 1/22) and patients with cerebral infarction (4.5%,1/22). A total of 6 complete response (CR) cases (27.3%) and 2 pathological CR (PCR) cases (9.1%) were noted. The ORR was 63.6% (14 / 22) and the DCR 90.9 % (20/22). The success rate of downstaging was 50.0% (6/12) in the patients not aiming at downstaging and 10% (1 /10) in the patients aiming at downstaging. The incidences of abdominal adhesion and arterial injury were 90.9% (20/22) and 45.5% (5/11). Conclusion TACE can be used in preoperative conversion therapy for patients who are temporarily unsuitable for surgery and is more suitable for bridging therapy in liver transplantation patients compared with downstaging due to the high DCR. Surgery should be carried out following TACE even in patients with CR.
The deaminase ADAL-pivoted catabolism checkpoint suppresses aberrant DNA N6-methyladenine incorporation
Authors: Chen Shaokun , Lai Weiyi , Zhao Zhiyi , Zhang Ning , Liu Yan , Li Xiangjun , Jiang Guibin , Wang Hailin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Abundant RNA N6-methyladenine (m6A) is degraded in RNA decay and potentially induces aberrant DNA N6-methyladenine (6mA) misincorporation. Biophysically, like truly methylated product DNA 6mA, misincorporated 6mA also destabilizes the DNA double helix and thus ditto affects DNA replication and transcription. By heavy stable isotope tracing, we demonstrate that intracellular degradation of RNA m6A cannot induce any misincorporated DNA 6mA, unveiling the existence of a catabolism checkpoint that blocks DNA 6mA misincorporation. We further show that the deaminase ADAL preferentially catabolizes N6-methyl-2’-deoxyadenosine monophosphate (6mdAMP) in vitro and in vivo, and adenylate kinase 1 restricts the phosphorylation rate of 6mdAMP, together contributing to the identified checkpoint. Noteworthy, low ADAL expression reduces dramatically the patient survival in four cancers. Collectively, our data strongly support a pivotal role of ADAL in the suppression of 6mA misincorporation and implicate that both ADAL and misincorporated 6mA may mark cancer abnormalities.
Using underweight for predicting stunting among children in India: Analysis from the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey
Authors: Ramesh Sowmya , Acharya Rajib , Sarna Avina , Ashraf Sana , Agrawal Praween K. , Porwal Akash , Khan Nizamuddin , Deb Sila , Johnston Robert 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Stunting and underweight are the most commonly used indicators to assess the nutritional status of children. Prior research has highlighted the problems encountered while measuring the height of child. The current paper aims to assess the relationship between stunting and underweight and derive regression equations to predict stunting from underweight prevalence among children under five years of age.Method: Data was drawn from 38,060 and 219,796 nationally representative sample of children aged 0-4 years, from Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS, 2016-18) and National Family Health Survey 4 (NFHS-4, 2015-16), respectively. Anthropometric indicators, stunting and underweight was calculated based on the 2006 WHO Child Growth Standards. Univariate and bivariate analysis was done to obtain estimates for stunting and underweight. A series of regression models were run to obtain an estimate of percent stunted as a function of percent underweight at the national and regional level. Predicted stunting prevalence was estimated from regression equation for selected states and compared with observed prevalence from other studies. Data were analysed using STATA V.16.0. Results: Nearly one out of four children under 5 years of age were stunted and underweight in CNNS and NFHS-4. Out of those stunted, 67% and 65% were underweight in CNNS and NFHS-4, respectively. At the national level, there was high correlation between the two indicators (r > 0.7) in both CNNS and NFHS-4, whereas at the regional level in NFHS-4, the correlation coefficient ranged from 0.32 for central region to 0.86 for southern region. At the national level the slope was 0.557 in CNNS and 0.610 in NFHS-4. At the regional level, it varied from 0.334 in the central region to 0.847 in the western region. Similarly, at the national level, the intercept (α) was almost same when we analyzed CNNS data or NFHS-4 data or both together (~15), however, wide variability was observed between different regions (4.61 in western region to 30.14 in central region).Conclusion: Our analysis shows that regression equations with child underweight prevalence may be used to predict stunting where the quality of length/ height measurement is poor or unavailable, in regions where high correlation between the two indicators was found.
Concentric Catheterization to the Fractional non-Newtonian Hybrid Nano Blood Flow through a Stenosed Aneurysmal Artery
Authors: Mehmood Obaid Ullah , Bibi Sehrish , Jamil Dzuliana F. , Uddin Salah , Roslan Rozaini , Ak Mohd Kamalrulzaman Md 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The main theme of this paper is to analyze the effects of concentric catheterization to the diseased arterial segment having both stenosis and aneurysm along its boundary. Fractional second grade hybrid nanofluid model is under consideration. Governing equations are formulated and further linearized for both cases of mild stenosis and aneurysm. Precise articulations for various important flow characteristics heat transfer, hemodynamic velocity, wall shear stress and resistance impedance are attained. Graphical portrayals for the impact of the significant parameters on the flow attributes have been devised and talked about. The worldwide conduct of blood has been examined using an instantaneous streamlines pattern. The present concept plans to be of use in medical regime for the drug conveyance system and biomedicines.