bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the influence of stress wave disturbance on ultra-low friction effect of broken blocks
Authors: Li liping , Zhang haitao , Pan yishan , Ju xiangyu , Tang lei , Li minghui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
With the increase of mine mining depth, deep rock mass tends to be broken into block medium. The roof-rock layer-floor can be regarded as block system fractured rock mass. Under the condition of high ground stress and mining disturbance, the ultra-low friction effect of block system fractured rock mass is easy to occur, and then induce rock burst and other disasters. Taking the block rock mass as the research object, the self-developed ultra-low friction test system is used to carry out the experimental research on the ultra-low friction effect of the broken block under the condition of stress wave disturbance. Taking the horizontal displacement of the working block as the characteristic parameter reflecting the ultra-low friction effect, by changing the stress wave disturbance frequency and amplitude, the characteristic law of the horizontal displacement, acceleration and energy of the working block during the occurrence of the ultra-low friction effect is analyzed. The research results show that the stress wave disturbance frequency is related to the generation of ultra-low friction of the broken block. The disturbance frequency of the stress wave is within 1 ~ 3Hz, and the maximum acceleration and horizontal displacement of different broken degree blocks increase significantly. This frequency range is prone to ultra-low friction effect. The greater the intensity of the stress wave disturbance, the higher the degree of block fragmentation, and the more likely to have ultra-low friction effects between the blocks. The greater the intensity of the horizontal impact load, the higher the degree of rock mass fragmentation, the easier it is for ultra-low friction effects to occur. Stress wave disturbance and horizontal impact are the main reasons for the sliding instability of broken blocks. When the dominant frequency of the kinetic energy of the broken block is within 20 Hz, the ultra-low friction effect is more likely to occur.
Cancer survivors post-chemotherapy exhibit unique proprioceptive deficits in proximal limbs
Authors: Wang Allison B. , Housley Stephen N. , Flores Ann Marie , Cope Timothy C. , Perreault Eric J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Oxaliplatin (OX) chemotherapy for colorectal cancer is associated with adverse neurotoxic effects that can contribute to long-term sensorimotor impairments in cancer survivors. It is often thought that the sensorimotor impairments are dominated by OX-induced sensory neuropathy that primarily affects the distal regions of the limb. Recent preclinical studies have identified encoding dysfunction of muscle proprioceptors as an alternative mechanism. Unlike the sensory neuropathy affecting distal limbs, dysfunction of muscle proprioceptors could have more widespread effects. Most investigations of chemotherapy-induced sensorimotor impairments have considered only the effects of distal changes in sensory processing; none have evaluated proximal changes or their influence on function. Our study fills this gap by evaluating the functional use of proprioception in the shoulder and elbow joints of cancer survivors post OX chemotherapy. Methods: We implemented three multidirectional sensorimotor tasks: force matching, target reaching, and postural stability tasks to evaluate various aspects of proprioception and their use. Force and kinematic data of the sensorimotor tasks were collected in 13 cancer survivors treated with OX and 13 age-matched healthy controls. Results: Cancer survivors exhibited less accuracy and precision than an age-matched control group when they had to rely only on proprioceptive information to match force, even for forces that required only torques about the shoulder. There were also small differences in the ability to maintain arm posture but no significant differences in reaching. The force deficits in cancer survivors were significantly correlated with self-reported motor dysfunction. Conclusions: These results suggest that cancer survivors post OX chemotherapy exhibit proximal proprioceptive deficits, and that the deficits in producing accurate and precise forces are larger than those for producing unloaded movements. Current clinical assessments of chemotherapy-related sensorimotor dysfunction are largely limited to distal symptoms. Our study suggests that we also need to consider changes in proximal function. Force matching tasks similar to those used here could provide a clinically meaningful approach to quantifying OX-related movement dysfunction during and after chemotherapy.
Application of PCT, CRP and WBC levels in the differential diagnosis of acute bacterial, viral, and mycoplasmal respiratory tract infections
Authors: Li Yang , Min Lanfang , Zhang Xin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

There is a lack of studies comparing PCT, CRP and WBC levels in the differential diagnosis of acute bacterial, viral, and mycoplasmal respiratory infections. It is necessary to explore the correlation between above markers and different types of ARTI.
Methods

108 children with confirmed bacterial infection were regarded as group A, 116 children with virus infection were regarded as group B, and 122 children with mycoplasma infection were regarded as group C. The levels of PCT, CRP and WBC of the three groups were detected and compared.
Results

The levels of PCT, CRP and WBC in group A were significantly higher than those in groups B and C (P < 0.05). The positive rate of combined detection of PCT, CRP and WBC was significantly higher than that of single detection. There was no significant difference of PCT, CRP and WBC levels between the group of Gram-positive bacteria infection and Gram-negative bacteria infection (P > 0.05). ROC curve results showed that the AUC of PCT, CRP and WBC for the diagnosis of bacterial respiratory infections were 0.65, 0.55, and 0.58, respectively.
Conclusions

PCT, CRP and WBC can be used as effective indicators for the identification of acute bacterial or no-bacterial infections in children. The levels of PCT and CRP have higher differential diagnostic value than that of WBC in infection, and the combined examination of the three is more valuable in clinic.
Impact of patient-specific factors and spinopelvic alignment on the development of adjacent segment degeneration after short-segment lumbar fusion
Authors: Kiss László , Szövérfi Zsolt , Bereczki Ferenc , Éltes Péter Endre , Szöllösi Balázs , Szita Júlia , Lazáry Áron 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objectives: The main purpose of the study was to analyse the different demographical, morphological, and surgery-related parameters influencing the development or progress of degeneration in adjacent segments after routine, short-segment lumbar fusions.Summary of Background data: Adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) considered as a major long-term complication after lumbar fusions. Possible risk factors are related to the patients’ demographics, spinopelvic anatomy or preoperative lumbar intervertebral disc conditions. The current literature lacks of well-designed prospective studies focusing on the multidimensional nature of the condition.Methods: A prospective cohort of 100 patients who underwent one- or two-level lumbar transforaminal interbody fusions due to lumbar degenerative pathology was conducted. Demographical, radiological findings (spinopelvic parameters, adjacent segmental radiological as well as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features) and long-term outcome data (5-year) were analysed to identify factors associated with ASD. Results: ASD patients showed higher level of pain (p=0.004) and disability (p=0.020) at follow-up. In univariate analysis, older age, upper-level lumbar fusion (p=0.007), lower L4-S1 lordosis (p=0.039), PI-LL mismatch (p=0.021), Pfirrmann grade III or higher disc degeneration (p=0.002) and the presence of disc bulge/herniation were (p=0.007) associated with ASD. Final result of multivariate analysis showed major degenerative sign (disc degeneration and/or disc bulge) as a risk factor (OR 3.85, CI 1.43-10.37, p=0.006).Conclusion: By examining the role of different patient- and procedure-specific factors, we found that preoperative major degenerative signs at the adjacent segment increase the risk of ASD causing significantly worse outcome after short-segment lumbar fusion. Adjacent disc conditions should be considered carefully during surgical planning.
CRISPR/Cas9 mediated editing of the Quorn fungus Fusarium venenatum A3/5 by transient expression of Cas9 and sgRNAs targeting endogenous marker gene PKS12
Authors: Wilson Fiona , Harrison Richard J 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Gene editing using CRISPR/Cas9 is a widely used tool for precise gene modification, modulating gene expression and introducing novel proteins, and its use has been reported in a number of filamentous fungi including the genus Fusarium. The aim of this study was to optimise gene editing efficiency using AMA1 replicator vectors for transient expression of CRISPR constituents in Fusarium venenatum (A3/5), used commercially in the production of mycoprotein (Quorn™).
Results
We present evidence of CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene editing in Fusarium venenatum, by targeting the endogenous visible marker gene PKS12, which encodes a polyketide synthase responsible for the synthesis of the pigment aurofusarin. Constructs for expression of single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) were cloned into an AMA1 replicator vector incorporating a construct for constitutive expression of cas9 codon-optimised for Aspergillus niger or F. venenatum. Vectors were maintained under selection for transient expression of sgRNAs and cas9 in transformed protoplasts. 100% gene editing efficiency of protoplast-derived isolates was obtained using A. niger cas9 when sgRNA transcription was regulated by the F. venenatum 5SrRNA promoter. In comparison, expression of sgRNAs using a PgdpA-ribozyme construct was much less effective, generating mutant phenotypes in 0–40% of isolates, with evidence of off-target editing. Viable isolates were not obtained from protoplasts transformed with an AMA1 vector expressing cas9 codon-optimised for F. venenatum.
Conclusions
Using an AMA1 replicator vector for transient expression of A. niger cas9 and sgRNAs transcribed from the native 5SrRNA promoter, we demonstrate efficient gene editing of an endogenous marker gene in F. venenatum, resulting in knockout of gene function and a visible mutant phenotype in 100% of isolates. This establishes a platform for further development of CRISPR/Cas technology in F. venenatum, such as modulation of gene expression, gene insertion, base editing and prime editing. These tools will facilitate an understanding of the controls of secondary metabolism and hyphal development during fermentation of F. venenatum for mycoprotein production and may be used to validate prototypes of strains for improvement using classical means, enabling more cost-effective and sustainable production of this industrially important fungus.
Undernutrition among Pregnant Adolescent, A scoping Review
Authors: Tesfaye Adane , Gerbaba Mulusew , Tamiru Desalegn , Belachew Tefera 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

In pregnant adolescents, it is hypothesized that there is ‘nutrient partitioning’, a competition for nutrients between the still growing adolescent mother and her rapidly developing fetus resulting in a compromised nutrition status of both. This scoping review examined the prevalence of undernutrition, associated factors and outcomes of adolescent pregnancy.
Methods

We used a five stages framework suggested by Arksey & O`Male (2005) to carry out this scoping review. Published articles, reviews and reports were identified through a complete search. We included articles published in English language from 2000 to 2020. We summarized prevalence, associated factors and health outcomes of pregnancy during adolescence.
Results

25 studies met the inclusion criteria. 32% of the studies are on dietary intake, 20% of them reported nutritional status and associated factors and 48% studies discussed effect of poor nutrition on outcome of Pregnancy during adolescence. Only 4 of the studies are community based and 21 are facility based. Magnitude of undernutrition among pregnant adolescent girls ranged from 23.5–34%; Social determinants of health such as poor access to antenatal care visits, low educational status of partners, poor dietary intake, early marriage, rural residency, young age and having multiple pregnancies are associated with poor nutritional status. Pregnant adolescents have also more risks of poor pregnancy outcomes compared with pregnant adults’ women. These include fetal complications like prematurity, low or very low birth weight, and perinatal mortality, major congenital defects; hypertensive pregnancy disorders, abortion, urinary infections, and premature rupture of the fetal membranes,.
Conclusion

A higher magnitude of undernutrition, less dietary intake and more risks of poor pregnancy outcomes were observed from reviewed studies. This review demonstrated absence of comprehensive literature which might be explored through a population-based prospective study.
Protocol-Based Control for Cyber-Physical Systems with Environment-Dependent Energy Harvesting Sensors
Authors: Li Jiajia , Tian Xin , Wei Guoliang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a protocol-based controller is designed for Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) with multiple sensors, which are powered by environment-dependent energy harvesting (EDEH) devices, respectively. The Round-Robin (RR) protocol is adopted to coordinate the data transmission of sensors. The protocol-based transmission can be realized only when the energy harvested by EDEH devices is sufficient. The aim of this paper is to design the protocol-based controller to ensure the stochastic finite-time boundedness (FTB) with EDEH and RR protocol. Firstly, modeling the EDEH by a switching sequence with varying sojourn probabilities, assuming a finite battery capacity constraint, and associating protocol-based transmission with a given energy cost, we propose a new recursive model to depict the dynamic of energy levels for each sensor. Then, combining with stochastic analysis and the dynamic of energy levels, the explicit expressions of the controller for each environment with average dwell time (ADT) are obtained. Finally, an example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed controllers.
Multivariate Fire Risk Models Using Sample-Size Reduction and Copula Regression in Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Najib Mohamad Khoirun , Nurdiati Sri , Sopaheluwakan Ardhasena 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Forest fires have become a national issue every year and get serious attention from the government and researchers, especially in Kalimantan. The copula-based joint distribution can construct a fire risk model to improve the early warning system of forest fires. This study aims to model and analyze the copula-based joint distribution between climate conditions and hotspots in Kalimantan. We constructed the bivariate joint distributions between climate conditions, either total precipitation or dry spells, and hotspots with sample size reduced by ENSO conditions, i.e., La Nina, normal, and El Nino. From the joint distribution, fire risk models are calculated using conditional probability and copula regression. The results show that the relationship between climate conditions and hotspots in La Nina and normal ENSO conditions have an upper tail dependence but no lower tail dependence. Meanwhile, the relationship has both upper and lower tail dependences during El Nino. There is an outlier in normal ENSO conditions with more hotspots than normally, i.e., in September 2019. The probability is very low during normal ENSO conditions, i.e., less than 2%. The only relatively high probability is during El Nino, i.e., more than 10%. Moreover, the copula regression models show that the model given specific dry spells is better than that given specific total precipitation as climate condition. The copula regression for hotspots given specific total precipitation and ENSO conditions has the RMSE value of 1339 hotspots and the R2 value of 60.70%. Meanwhile, the copula regression for hotspots given specific dry spells and ENSO conditions has the RMSE value of 1185 hotspots and the R2 value of 69.21%.
An evaluation of different provision strategies for scaled-up container-based sanitation
Authors: Ferguson Charlie , Mallory Adrian , Hutchings Paul , Remington Claire , Lloyd Erica , Kiogora Domenic , Anciano Fiona , Parker Alison 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Container-based sanitation (CBS) is increasingly used to provide safely managed sanitation in low-income urban settlements. However, questions remain around the viability of scaling up the technology, partly because it relies on regular emptying and servicing of containers by a CBS provider. This paper investigates mechanisms by which this process can be achieved efficiently. Three separate collection strategies are evaluated for their routing efficiencies as CBS goes to scale. An open-source route optimisation solver determines the constituent driving and walking distances necessary for each strategy and has been applied in areas of Cape Town, Cap-Haïtien, Lima and Nairobi. The results indicate that with fewer users (e.g. 50) transfer station models offer the shortest driving routes. However, these do require users to carry their containers (e.g. up to 170 m when stations are 100 m apart). As the number of users increases (e.g. to 5,000), visiting individual houses from a neighbourhood depot offers increasingly efficient driving distances. Overall, however, the results suggest that economies in collection distances for scaled CBS will be largely conditional on greater vehicle capacity (rather than any particular provision strategy). This highlights the importance of road access throughout low-income urban settlements in providing a viable CBS service at scale.
Evaluating the impact of rainfall–runoff model structural uncertainty on the hydrological rating of regional climate model simulations
Authors: Dakhlaoui Hamouda , Djebbi Khalil 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We propose to evaluate the impact of rainfall–runoff model (RRM) structural uncertainty on climate model evaluation, performed within a process-oriented framework using the RRM. Structural uncertainty is assessed with an ensemble approach using three conceptual RRMs (HBV, IHACRES and GR4J). We evaluate daily precipitation and temperature from 11 regional climate models forced by five general circulation models (GCM–RCMs), issued from EURO-CORDEX. The assessment was performed over the reference period (1970–2000) for five catchments situated in northern Tunisia. Seventeen discharge performance indexes were used to explore the representation of hydrological processes. The three RRMs performed well over the reference period, with Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency values ranging from 0.70 to 0.90 and bias close to 0%. The ranking of GCM–RCMs according to hydrological performance indexes is more meaningful before the bias correction, which considerably reduces the differences between GCM- and RCM-driven hydrological simulations. Our results illustrate a strong similarity between the different RRMs in terms of raw GCM–RCM performances over the reference period for the majority of performance indexes, in spite of their different model structures. This proves that the structural uncertainty induced by RRMs does not affect GCM–RCM evaluation and ranking, which contributes to consolidate the RRM as a standard tool for climate model evaluation.
Influence of the hydrodynamic efforts on the efficiency of the regeneration of the granular filtering material in a water treatment plant
Authors: Bacharou Taofic , Worou Chabi Noël , Kanho Jesugnon Ezéchias , Guene Razack L. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article aims to study the hydrodynamic conditions of the parameters that influence the removal of dirt particles and aggregates by the drainage of wash water into filter materials for better regeneration efficiency. The water treatment plant with a nominal capacity of 600 m3·h−1 is located in the city of Parakou in Benin. It appears that one of the causes of the poor performance of the methods used for water treatment is the insufficient value of the shear stresses of the movement created by the flow of washing water in the filter bed. The use of hydro-elevators and hydrocyclones for the removal of particles from the surface of the grains of the filtering material under hydraulic load makes it possible to reduce the quantity of remaining pollution respectively by 1.5 to 2.5 times compared with the combined washing of water and air. To this end, the performance of grain washing in the hydrocyclone is explained by the presence of centrifugal field, self-separation and the friction of the particles between themselves and on the wall of the apparatus. The regeneration of the filter material under the action of ultrasonic waves reduces the remainder of particles compared to washing with water and air about 6 times.
Insight into Recent Drug Discoveries against Trypanosomatids and
Plasmodium spp Parasites: New Metal-based Compounds
Authors: Scarim Cauê Benito , de Farias Renan Lira , Chiba Diego Eidy , Chin Chung Man 
Published: September 2021

Abstract:
Scaffolds of metal-based compounds can act as pharmacophore groups in several
ligands to treat various diseases, including tropical infectious diseases (TID). In this
review article, we investigate the contribution of these moieties to medicinal inorganic
chemistry in the last seven years against TID, including American trypanosomiasis (Chagas
disease), human African trypanosomiasis (HAT, sleeping sickness), leishmania, and
malaria. The most potent metal-based complexes are displayed and highlighted in figures,
tables and graphics; according to their pharmacological activities (IC50 > 10μM) against
Trypanosomatids and Plasmodium spp parasites. We highlight the current progresses and
viewpoints of these metal-based complexes, with a specific focus on drug discovery.
Research Progress in Predicting DNA Methylation Modifications and the Relation with Human Diseases
Authors: Ao Chunyan , Gao Lin , Yu Liang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract:DNA methylation is an important mode of regulation in epigenetic mechanisms, and it is one of the research foci in the field of epigenetics. DNA methylation modification affects a series of biological processes, such as eukaryotic cell growth, differentiation and transformation mechanisms, by regulating gene expression. In this review, we systematically summarized the DNA methylation databases, prediction tools for DNA methylation modification, machine learning algorithms for predicting DNA methylation modification, and the relationship between DNA methylation modification and diseases such as hypertension, Alzheimer's disease, diabetic nephropathy, and cancer. An in-depth understanding of DNA methylation mechanisms can promote accurate prediction of DNA methylation modifications and the treatment and diagnosis of related diseases.