bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of interventions with exercise according to the adherence of adults with obesity: A systematic review
Authors: Streb Anne Ribeiro , Tozetto Willen Remon , da Silva Caroline Soares , Bertuol Cecília , Minatto Giseli , Del Duca Giovani Firpo 
Published: December 2024

SummaryThe aim was to summarize the characteristics of exercise interventions based on the adherence of adults with obesity. Studies were identified through a systematic review of the literature conducted in databases in June 2022. The articles selected were from clinical trials involving adults with obesity. The total number of prescribed sessions and the mean or percentage of sessions attended by participants who completed the intervention were identified, along with details of the exercise prescription, including duration, attendance, and intensity control. A total of 21 studies were included in the synthesis. The adherence percentage ranged from 18% to 99% of the prescribed exercise sessions. Interventions that provided only guidance meetings for physical activities without supervising the training—allowing participants to choose the modality and loads—resulted in adherence to less than half of the prescribed sessions. The session duration and weekly attendance varied between 30–60 min and 2–3 times per week across the studies synthesized. These variables did not appear to significantly affect adherence percentages in this population. It was possible to conclude that supervised interventions, with combined training, which include moderate to high‐intensity physical exercises and/or interval training and with some social support, resulted in greater adherence to sessions in adults with obesity.
Conservation Biogeography of Mountain Vipers: A Phylogenetic Niche Modelling Approach
Authors: Ahmadi Mohsen , Hemami Mahmoud‐Reza , Kaboli Mohammad , Ghane‐Ameleh Somayeh , Malekian Mansoureh 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimMountain vipers belonging to the Montivipera genus represent a fascinating example of neo‐endemism found in the high plateaus of Iran, Anatolia and the Caucasus. Given the conservation challenges faced by these species, it is crucial to understand their phylogenetic relationships and suitable habitats in order to implement effective conservation strategies. In this study, we integrated phylogeny and Ecological Niche Modelling (ENM) techniques to investigate the conservation biogeography of mountain vipers.LocationIrano‐Anatolian, Caucasus and Levant.MethodsWe first reconstructed phylogenetic tree of the species, and then, by using a set of occurrence records of the identified clades and environmental variables we modelled ecological niche of the species using the MaxEnt model and PCA‐env analysis. Finally, we conducted a gap analysis to assess the conservation status of the species, taking into account their representation within Protected Areas (PAs) in the region.ResultsThe results revealed a well‐resolved phylogenetic divergence of the species into three main clades and 12 lineages, which corresponded to their geographic distribution. Results of the MaxEnt model showed excellent predictive performance (AUC > 0.9 and TSS > 0.8) for all species. Both ENM analyses demonstrated varying levels of ecological niche conservatism, divergence and convergence across environmental gradients. The gap analysis showed a better representation of mountain vipers within Iran's PAs (20.3% overlap), particularly compared to those in Turkey (2.9%).Main ConclusionsWe designate mountain vipers as phylogeographic focal species due to their isolated distribution in the region's mountains and the significant overlap of their suitable habitats with paleontological refugia. We emphasise their significance in promoting PAs and prioritising conservation efforts for the region's biota.
When One Global Invasion Hides Another—Cryptic Interspecific Invasion in Freshwater Gastropods
Authors: Albrecht Christian , Clewing Catharina , Seebens Hanno , Chibwana Fred D. , Da Silva Edson Lourenço , Leal Manuella F. , Lingofo Bolaya Roger , Marwoto Ristiyanti M. , Odaibo Alexander , Pinheiro Tamaris G. , Popoola Michael O. , Riedel Frank , Stelbrink Björn 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimCryptic invasions are an understudied phenomenon among species invasions, especially in freshwater invertebrates. We study the gastropod family Physidae, including the global invaders Physella acuta and several enigmatic Stenophysa species, their phylogenetic relationships and the presence of native species among African Physidae. We infer distribution pattern, colonisation history and invasion ecology across Africa. Finally, we reconstruct the colonisation pathways and their timing into, across (and out of) Africa and model future dispersal.LocationGlobal, with a focus on Africa and Indian Ocean islands.MethodsBased on extensive sampling, multi‐gene phylogenetic, phylogeographic and ecological analyses, including species distribution modelling, we here examine Physidae globally.ResultsThe Physidae probably originated in the Lower Cretaceous. A robust phylogeny showed four strongly supported genus‐level clades corresponding to Physella, Physa, Stenophysa and Aplexa. Physella acuta thrives in continental African countries and Indian Ocean islands. The African continent was colonised at least six times independently.For Stenophysa, the phylogeny suggests two independent transoceanic dispersal events into Africa and the Indian Ocean islands. Physella acuta occurs not only in artificial or highly disturbed habitats but also in large natural lakes. Stenophysa marmorata is ecologically flexible. The SDM for S. marmorata based on the selected climate variables predicted high probabilities of future occurrence in equatorial Africa and regions in the Indo‐Malayan Archipelago, New Guinea and eastern Australia.Main ConclusionsPhysidae contains examples of both intraspecific cryptic and interspecific cryptic invasions, with an intraspecific invasion of Physella acuta and a prime example of an interspecific cryptic invasion of Stenophysa spp. This study highlights the importance of cryptic invasions in freshwaters and also calls for their management. Stenophysa is likely to become pan‐tropical in the future. Physidae are an excellent model to study differential patterns and processes of intra‐ versus interspecific invasions at global and regional scales.
Trait‐Based Indicators of Marine Communities' Sensitivity to Climate Change and Fishing
Authors: Polo Julia , López‐López Lucía , Engelhard Georg H. , Punzón Antonio , Hidalgo Manuel , Rutterford Louise A. , Bariáin Marta Sainz , González‐Irusta José Manuel , Esteban Antonio , García Encarnación , Vivas Miguel , Pecuchet Laurene 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimOverexploitation of wildlife and anthropogenic climate change are key drivers of global biodiversity loss. Investigating how these stressors interact and affect ecosystems is critical for conservation efforts. Following trait‐based vulnerability assessments, we propose two community‐level sensitivity indicators: climate change (SCC) and fishing pressure (SFP).LocationCantabrian and Spanish Mediterranean Sea.MethodsBoth indicators were calculated for 246 fish and megabenthos species, sampled during 1994–2019 in two areas with contrasting levels of warming and fishing pressure. Indicator calculation was based on traits that, according to existing evidence, can be linked to (1) sensitivity to climate change (scored as SCC) and (2) sensitivity to fishing pressure (SFP). Using each species' sensitivity scores, and abundance data from the surveys, we explored whether these areas' community‐level sensitivity has changed spatiotemporally in line with the expected functional responses to these predominant pressures.ResultsAlthough both regions have warmed, the Spanish Mediterranean is far more so. Its community‐level SCC has decreased, reflecting a shift in composition from warm‐sensitive to warm‐affinity species. In contrast, sensitivity dynamics in the Cantabrian Sea varied, with warm‐sensitive species increasing in deeper areas and decreasing towards the inner Bay of Biscay. Decreasing fishing pressure in both regions paralleled an increase in sensitivity in the Cantabrian Sea, particularly among slow‐reproducing, longer‐lived species. The Spanish Mediterranean, however, showed a relative loss of fishing‐sensitive, long‐lived species and both cases showed spatial heterogeneity.Main ConclusionsAssociations are revealed between SCC and SFP, and climate change and fishing, respectively. We conclude that SCC and SFP are valuable indicators of the community‐level sensitivities to these two pressures, and we discuss the limitations and assumptions that underly this and other trait‐based approaches. We recommend wider usage of this kind of indicators, which could be applied globally to understand risks of marine communities to climate change and fishing.
The effect of automated insulin delivery system use on diabetes distress in people with type 1 diabetes and their caregivers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Canha Dulce , McMahon Virginia , Schmitz Susanne , De Beaufort Carine , Alzaid Fawaz , Reznik Yves , Riveline Jean‐Pierre , Fagherazzi Guy , Aguayo Gloria A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimsDiabetes distress (DD) is prevalent among people with diabetes. While automated insulin delivery systems (AIDs) improve glycaemic control, their impact on DD is unclear. We aimed to investigate the effect of AIDs on DD in people with diabetes and their caregivers.MethodsWe focused on people with diabetes using AIDs versus other insulin delivery systems, with DD as the outcome. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), before‐after studies (BAS) and observational studies until 4 April 2024. After screening, 40 studies were included in the systematic review, comprising 5426 participants (3210 adults, 1131 paediatric and 1085 caregivers). Twenty‐seven studies were selected for the meta‐analysis (focusing solely on type 1 diabetes). We used random effects models by population and study design. We also conducted a subgroup analysis by age group (children vs. teenagers).ResultsIn adults, eight BAS and five RCTs indicated a significant small DD reduction post‐AID initiation (standardised mean difference [95% confidence intervals] −0.32 [95% CI: −0.40, −0.24] and [−0.19 (−0.27, −0.11)]). No significant changes were observed in the paediatric population. In caregivers, eleven BAS and five RCTs indicated a significant moderate DD reduction (−0.48 [95% CI: −0.78, −0.18] and (−0.22 [−0.38, −0.06])). Subgroup analysis revealed an increased benefit in parents of children compared to parents of teenagers.ConclusionsThis work suggests that AIDs is associated with a DD reduction in adults and caregivers but not in children/teenagers with type 1 diabetes. More longitudinal studies and better systematic DD assessments are needed.
Aerobic exercise improves energy and glucose homeostasis through hypothalamic Mitofusion 2‐rescued endoplasmic reticulum stress in diet‐induced obese mice
Authors: Zhang Siyan , Chen Yi , Yang Ruiyu , Ye Liu , Chen Hong , Jiang Li , Bai Dingqun , Wu Dandong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimsHypothalamic endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and mitochondrial dysfunction are two important mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of obesity, which can be reversed by aerobic exercise to improve organ function. Mitofusion 2 (Mfn2), a mitochondrial membrane protein, affects both mitochondrial dynamics and ER morphology. This study explored the contribution of hypothalamic Mfn2 to exercise‐induced improvements in energy homeostasis and peripheral metabolism and the underlying mechanisms involved.Materials and MethodsWe determined the effects of aerobic exercise on energy metabolism and the expression of Mfn2 and α‐MSH in the hypothalamus of diet‐induced obesity (DIO) model mice. In addition, hypothalamic ER signalling and insulin signalling in both the hypothalamus and the liver were evaluated following 4 weeks of aerobic exercise. By using an adenovirus carrying shRNA‐Mfn2, we further explored the effects of hypothalamic Mfn2 on exercise‐induced improvements in energy metabolism, ER signalling and insulin signalling.ResultsEnergy metabolism was obviously improved following 4 weeks of aerobic exercise in DIO model mice. However, after hypothalamic Mfn2 knockdown, the effects of exercise on food intake and peripheral metabolism were significantly suppressed. Hypothalamic ER signalling was attenuated significantly, whereas both hypothalamic and hepatic insulin signalling were obviously activated following aerobic exercise. Nevertheless, exercise‐induced improvements in ER signalling and insulin signalling were attenuated significantly after Mfn2 knockdown.ConclusionThese data indicate that aerobic exercise improves whole‐body metabolism in DIO mice, probably via increased hypothalamic Mfn2, which could be further mediated by attenuated HFD‐induced ER stress in the hypothalamus.
Efficacy of imeglimin treatment versus metformin dose escalation on glycemic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes treated with a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor plus low‐dose metformin: A multicenter, prospective, randomized, open‐label, parallel‐group comparison study (MEGMI study)
Authors: Takahashi Akihiro , Nomoto Hiroshi , Yokoyama Hiroki , Yokozeki Kei , Furusawa Sho , Oe Yuki , Kameda Reina , Kawata Shinichiro , Miyoshi Arina , Nagai So , Miya Aika , Kameda Hiraku , Nakamura Akinobu , Atsumi Tatsuya ,   the MEGMI study group
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimsTo compare the efficacy of adding imeglimin versus that of metformin dose escalation on glycemic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes treated with a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor plus low‐dose metformin (500–1000 mg/day).Materials and MethodsIn this multicentre, open‐labelled, prospective, randomized, parallel‐group comparison study, the addition of imeglimin (2000 mg/day) or metformin escalation was applied for 24 weeks in eligible subjects. The primary endpoint was the mean change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) over 24 weeks. As the secondary endpoints, the occurrence of adverse events, changes in metabolic parameters, biomarkers and factors associated with HbA1c improvement were analysed.ResultsSeventy‐three eligible subjects were enrolled. Of them, 65 participants comprised the full analysis set. At 24 weeks, the addition of imeglimin (n = 33) resulted in greater improvement in HbA1c compared with metformin dose escalation (n = 32) (from 7.61 ± 0.48% to 6.93 ± 0.49% in imeglimin and from 7.56 ± 0.61% to 7.09 ± 0.56% in metformin escalation; change difference: −0.21% [95% confidence interval: −0.41%, −0.01%] [p = 0.038]); however, seven subjects in the imeglimin group discontinued imeglimin because of serious adverse events on gastrointestinal tract. In intra‐group pre/post comparisons, imeglimin treatment significantly reduced body weight and improved liver enzyme elevation. There was a significant correlation between improvement levels of HbA1c and indicators of fatty liver disease in the imeglimin group.ConclusionsImeglimin in combination with a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor and low‐dose metformin improved HbA1c compared with metformin dose escalation.
Hitting and Unhitting the Pause Button: Variable Hatching Patterns of Annual Killifish Embryos Over a Wetland Wet–Dry Cycle
Authors: Weber Vinicius , Alonso Felipe , Godoy Robson Souza , Lanés Luis Esteban Krause , Pires Mateus Marques , Stenert Cristina , Gava Adriana , Maltchik Leonardo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTHatching dynamics is key to population structure of annual fishes in temporary wetlands. Given the risk of false starts due to unpredictable hydroperiods, annual fish may employ risk‐spreading strategies in their hatching patterns consistent with bet hedging (such as the partial hatching of their egg bank and variable number of hatching cues) after being exposed to floods. However, the extent to which annual fish resort to bet hedging (as well as their potential drivers) over a wet–dry cycle is poorly understood. We assessed the hatching patterns of a South American killifish (Matilebias cyaneus; Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) collected at different hydrological phases of a temporary wetland to test for variation in bet hedging over a wet–dry cycle. We incubated wild eggs of M. cyaneus obtained from male–female pairings separately reared in tanks originating in the ‘early‐wet’, ‘drying’ and ‘late‐wet’ phases of a temporary wetland and examined hatching patterns across a sequence of hydration trials under common‐garden conditions. We found variation in (i) the number of hatched and unhatched eggs and (ii) the number of hatched eggs across hydration trials among clutches from each phase (while controlling for parentage). Our results show that M. cyaneus variably commit to bet‐hedging hatching strategies over a wet–dry cycle, and suggest that the environmental conditions at specific periods of the year and the parental age at which eggs are produced drive annual fish hatching patterns.
What Deserve Studying the Most? A Q‐Methodology Approach to Explore Stakeholders' Perspectives on Research Priorities in GenAI‐Supported Second Language Education
Authors: Wu Hanwei , Pan Ziwen 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTRecently, there has been a significant increase in research on Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) in the domain of second language (L2) education. Given the limited resources, it is essential for GenAI research to focus on key areas. However, there is still uncertainty about which topics should be prioritised. Research priorities are often shaped by individual researchers' personal interests, which can skew the focus of many studies. Additionally, stakeholder perspectives on these topics can vary widely. Therefore, this study employs the Q methodology to reveal the consensus among different stakeholder groups. To this end, a total of 19 participants, including six researchers, six teachers and seven students, engaged in a Q‐sort exercise involving 34 statements. Through KADE software, the subsequent Centroid Factor Analysis and varimax rotation were used to extract patterns. The analysis revealed three common perspectives across stakeholder groups: psychological factors of teachers and students, multiple scenarios of measurement and the improvement of L2 competence. These findings provide valuable insights that can inform and refine research agendas in GenAI for L2 education, optimising the allocation of resources.
Urgent, but How? Developing English Foreign Language Teachers' Digital Literacy in a Professional Learning Community Focusing on Large Language Models
Authors: Xue Lina 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWith the advent of chatGPT, burgeoning research have been conducted to explore AI technologies' impact on the EFL teaching and learning. However, little is known about how language teachers navigate the shifting education landscape and develop the digital literacy in the AI era. This preliminary qualitative study aims to investigate the processes of how 9 Chinese EFL teachers in a university‐based professional learning community improve their digital literacy, and reveal the factors influencing their digital literacy improvement. To achieve the research objectives, triangle data have been collected including the community meeting records, interviews of participants, class observations, and the participants' reflective journals. In the data analysis section, thematic analysis method has been employed. The findings indicate three distinct types of digital literacy improving processes for the novice teachers, the veteran teachers, and the lead teachers in the heterogeneous and interactive community. Meanwhile, these processes were influenced by the community factors such as artefacts, mediated activities, and social interactions, and the individual factors such as years of teaching experience, teaching subjects, teachers' belief about AI, teachers' theoretical base and research experience. Accordingly, implications are presented to EFL teachers, teacher educators and administrators.
Comparison of HiDAC Versus FLAG‐IDA in the Treatment of Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia and High‐Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: Tang Man Wai , Van der Tuin Deborah , Aydin Mesire , Heijmans Jarom , Van de Loosdrecht Arjan A. , Meijer Ellen , Rutten Caroline E. , Wondergem Mariëlle , Janssen Jeroen J. W. M. , Donker Marjolein L. , Hazenberg Mette D. , Zweegman Sonja , Biemond Bart J. , De Leeuw David C. , Nur Erfan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundRelapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and high‐risk myelodysplastic syndrome (HR‐MDS) are associated with a poor prognosis. It is unknown which re‐induction therapy provides the highest chance of durable remission. Commonly used therapies are high dose cytarabine (HiDAC) and triple therapy consisting of fludarabine, cytarabine, and idarubicin combined with granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (FLAG‐IDA).MethodsTwo patient cohorts with relapsed AML or HR‐MDS treated with HiDAC or FLAG‐IDA between October 2015 and December 2021 in two academic hospitals in the Netherlands were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsPatients were treated with either HiDAC (n=22) or FLAG‐IDA (n=25). Rates of CR (71% vs. 74%, P=0.85), 1‐year OS (47% vs. 51%, P=0.99) and EFS (38% vs. 35%, P=0.71) were comparable between HiDAC and FLAG‐IDA. Durations of neutropenia (median 24 days (IQR 20‐26) vs. 30 days (IQR 22‐39), P=0.014) and thrombocytopenia (22 days (IQR 17‐26) vs. 36 days (IQR 26‐53)) were significantly shorter in the HiDAC group than in the FLAG‐IDA group.ConclusionWhile remission rates and survival outcomes were similar, FLAG‐IDA was associated with longer periods of myelosuppression and transfusion dependency compared to HiDAC in these two cohorts. HiDAC can be considered as a salvage chemotherapyfor relapsed AML/HR‐MDS based on our study.
Still Functional but Limited Postural Adaptation for Individuals With Parkinson's Disease in Goal‐Directed Visual Tasks
Authors: Kechabia Yann‐Romain , Defebvre Luc , Delval Arnaud , Bonnet Cédrick T. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPatients with Parkinson's disease (PD) notably exhibit impairments in posture and visual attention. The objective of the present study was to determine whether PD patients were able to exhibit adaptive postural control in a goal‐directed visual task. We hypothesized that the patients would reduce their centre of pressure (COP) movement and/or postural sway to a lesser extent than age‐matched controls in the goal‐directed visual (search) task, compared with the control free‐viewing task (i.e., a lower degree of relative postural adaptation). We also expected the PD patients to sway more than controls in the goal‐directed task (i.e., a lower degree of absolute adaptive postural control). The study included 39 PD patients (mean age: 59; mean Hoehn and Yahr stage: 2.1; mean Movement Disorder Society‐Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale score: 22; mean Montreal Cognitive Assessment score: 28 (on‐drug)) and 40 age‐matched adults (mean age: 62 years). The participants gazed at domestic ecological images (visual angle: 100°). Movements of the COP, head, upper back and lower back and variations in pupil dilatation were analysed. As expected, PD patients exhibited greater COP and body sway than controls in both tasks (p < 0.05). Unexpectedly, the difference in COP and/or body sway between the two tasks was greater in PD patients than in controls (p < 0.05). Our results showed that PD patients are able to exhibit adaptive postural control for goal‐directed visual tasks. On a practical level and at a more general level, our findings emphasize the likely benefits of rehabilitation with goal‐directed tasks requiring a visual attentional focus (walking on footprints on the ground, etc.).