bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of different side effects between PARP inhibitors and their polypharmacological multi‐target rationale
Authors: Sandhu Daranjit , Antolin Albert A. , Cox Anthony R. , Jones Alan M. 
Published: July 2021

AimsThe aim of this study was to determine the differences and potential mechanistic rationale for observed adverse drug reactions (ADRs) between four approved PARP inhibitors (PARPi).MethodsThe Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Authority (MHRA) Yellow Card drug analysis profiles and NHS secondary care medicines database enabled the identification of suspected ADRs associated with the PARPi in the UK from launch to 2020. The polypharmacology of the PARPi were data‐mined from several public data sources.ResultsThe overall ADRs per 100 000 Rx identified across the four PARPi are statistically significant (χ2 test, P < .001). Rucaparib has the greatest relative suspected ADRs, which can be explained by its least clean kinome and physicochemical properties. The suspected gastrointestinal ADRs of rucaparib and niraparib can be ascribed to their kinase polypharmacology. Suspected blood and lymphatic system ADRs of PARPi can be linked to their high volume of distribution (Vd). The thrombocytopenia rate of niraparib > rucaparib > olaparib tracked with the Vd trend.Hypertension is only associated with niraparib and could be explained by the therapeutically achievable inhibition of DYRK1A and/or transporters. Arrhythmia cases are potentially linked to the structural features of hERG ion‐channel inhibition found in rucaparib and niraparib. Enhanced psychiatric/nervous disorders associated with niraparib can be interpreted from the diverse neurotransporter off‐targets reported.ConclusionsDespite their similar mode of action, the differential polypharmacology of PARP inhibitors influences their ADR profile.
Impact ofUGT1A1genotype on the efficacy and safety of irinotecan‐based chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Iwasa Satoru , Muro Kei , Morita Satoshi , Park Young Suk , Nakamura Masato , Kotaka Masahito , Nishina Tomohiro , Matsuoka Hiroshi , Ahn Joong Bae , Lee Keun‐Wook , Hong Yong Sang , Han Sae Won , Cho Sang‐Hee , Zhang Dong‐Sheng , Fang Wei‐Jia , Bai Li , Yuan Xiang‐Lin , Yuan Ying , Yamada Yasuhide , Sakamoto Junichi , Kim Tae Won 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe phase III AXEPT study showed the noninferiority of modified capecitabine plus irinotecan (mXELIRI) with or without bevacizumab relative to fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) with or without bevacizumab as a second‐line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer. We evaluated the associations between theUGT1A1genotype linked to adverse events—caused by irinotecan—and the efficacy and safety of mXELIRI and FOLFIRI. TheUGT1A1genotype was prospectively determined and patients were categorized into three groups according to WT (*1/*1), single heterozygous (SH; *28/*1 or *6/*1), and double heterozygous or homozygous (DHH; *28/*28, *6/*6, or *28/*6). Overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival, response rate, and safety were assessed. TheUGT1A1genotype was available in all 650 randomized patients (WT, 309 [47.5%]; SH, 291 [44.8%]; DHH, 50 [7.7%]). The median OS was 15.9, 17.7, and 10.6 months in the WT, SH, and DHH groups, respectively, with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.53 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12‐2.09;P = .008) for DHH vs WT or SH. The median OS in the mXELIRI and FOLFIRI arms was 18.1 vs 14.3 months (HR 0.80; 95% CI, 0.62‐1.03) in the WT group, 16.3 vs 18.3 months (HR 1.04; 95% CI, 0.79‐1.36) in the SH group, and 13.0 vs 9.1 months (HR 0.71; 95% CI, 0.39‐1.31) in the DHH group, respectively. Modified capecitabine plus irinotecan with or without bevacizumab could be a standard second‐line chemotherapy in terms of efficacy and safety regardless of theUGT1A1genotype.
Meta‐analysis of time to extrusion of tympanostomy tubes by tympanic membrane quadrant
Authors: Ungar Omer J. , Baris Harel , Oron Yahav , Shilo Shahaf , Handzel Ophir , Warshavsky Anton , Horowitz Gilad , Abu Eta Rani , Muhanna Nidal , Carmel Neiderman Narin N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the published time to extrusion of tympanostomy tubes inserted in the various quadrants of the tympanic membrane.MethodsPublications were selected by a search with ‘PubMed’, ‘Embase’ and ‘Web of Science’. A meta‐analysis of time to extrusion as a function of tympanic membrane quadrant intubation was performed.Design, Setting, Participant‐Not relevant Main Outcome MeasuredExtrusion rate of tympanostomy tubes inserted in the various quadrants of the tympanic membrane.ResultsEleven studies describing 2232 tympanostomy tubes were enrolled into the quantitative meta‐analysis. The extrusion rate was evaluated at 3‐month intervals up to 24 months post‐intubation, and it did not differ significantly at any of the time points tested for the superior and inferior anterior quadrants. The cumulative extrusion rates were as follows: 11 and 9%, 32 and 23%, 59 and 36%, 80 and 67%, 87 and 70%, 88 and 82%, and 96 and 89% in the superior and anterior quadrants, respectively, at 3, 6, 9, 15, 18, 21 and 24 months post‐intubation, respectively.ConclusionTime to extrusion of tympanostomy tubes are similar for all 3 tympanic membrane quadrants. The anterior superior quadrant intubation has no superiority in terms of intubation time.
Children's long‐term retention is directly constrained by their working memory capacity limitations
Authors: Forsberg Alicia , Guitard Dominic , Adams Eryn J. , Pattanakul Duangporn , Cowan Nelson 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe explored the causal role of individual and age‐related differences in working memory (WM) capacity in long‐term memory (LTM) retrieval. Our sample of 160 participants included 120 children (6–13‐years old) and 40 young adults (18–24 years). Participants performed a WM task with images of unique everyday items, presented at varying set sizes. Subsequently, we tested participants' LTM for items from the WM task. Using these measures, we estimated the ratio at which items successfully held in WM were recognized in LTM. While WM and LTM generally improved with age, the ability to transfer information from WM to LTM appeared consistent between age groups. Moreover, individual differences in WM capacity appeared to predict LTM encoding. Overall, these results suggested that LTM performance was constrained by experimental, individual, and age‐related WM limitations. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of this WM‐to‐LTM bottleneck.
Relationship between cool and hot executive function in young children: A near‐infrared spectroscopy study
Authors: Moriguchi Yusuke 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA theoretical distinction exists between the cool and hot aspects of executive function (EF). At the neural level, cool EF may be associated with activation in the lateral prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex, whereas the orbitofrontal cortex may play a key role in hot EF. However, some recent studies have shown that young children show activity in the lateral prefrontal regions during hot EF tasks, suggesting that the distinction between hot and cool EF may not be as marked. Nevertheless, few neuroimaging studies have directly examined the relationship between cool and hot EF. In this study, preschool children (N = 46, mean age = 66.1 months) were given both cool (Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS) and Stroop‐like tasks) and hot (delay of gratification) EF tasks, and neural activation during these tasks was measured using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Correlational analyses and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were conducted to assess the relationship between cool and hot EF. At the behavioral level, a moderate correlation was found between DCCS and Stroop‐like tasks, but no correlation emerged between cool and hot EF tasks. At the neural level, prefrontal activations during the cool EF tasks did not correlate with those during the hot EF task. Further, children showed stronger prefrontal activations during the DCCS tasks compared to the delay of gratification tasks. The results suggest that the neural basis of hot and cool EF may differ during early childhood.
What people with diabetes in Denmark worry about during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A longitudinal study of the first 3 months of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Joensen Lene Eide , Steenberg Josephine Lyngh , Madsen Kristoffer Panduro , Willaing Ingrid 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo investigate and characterise general and diabetes‐specific worries related to COVID‐19 among people with diabetes in Denmark during the first 3 months of the pandemic.In a longitudinal study from March to June 2020, six online questionnaires (Q1–Q6) were distributed to 2430 adult members of two diabetes panels. Worries related to COVID‐19 were measured with closed‐ and open‐ended items. Data from closed‐ended items were analysed descriptively. Open‐ended responses were analysed with systematic text condensation. Using chi‐squared tests, changes in proportions of worries over time were analysed, and differences in diabetes‐specific worries by gender and diabetes diagnosis were explored.At Q1, 1366 individuals returned a response (Q2: 1082, Q3: 992, Q4: 977, Q5: 901, Q6: 816). In the beginning of the pandemic, 2 weeks after the first lockdown in Denmark, the most frequently reported general worries related to someone close becoming seriously ill, changes in daily life such as limitations on social interactions and uncertainty about the duration of those changes. The most frequently reported diabetes‐specific worries were about severity of illness with COVID‐19 due to diabetes, being identified as a member of a group at risk for COVID‐19 and being unable to manage diabetes if ill with COVID‐19. All concerns decreased over 3 months, as the society gradually reopened, except for persistent worries about being able to manage diabetes if ill with COVID‐19. More women and people with type 1 diabetes reported worries, compared with men and people with type 2 diabetes.Our study highlights the diversity of worries related to the COVID‐19 pandemic among people with diabetes and changing patterns of worry over time and across subgroups as the society reopened in Denmark. These insights can be helpful when providing support for people with diabetes during health crises.
Unraveling the etiology of myelin disorders: the P2 case in Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
Authors: Pusterla Julio , Montich Guillermo G. , Oliveira Rafael G. 
Published: July 2021

There are several examples of single mutations that lead to a well‐defined disease through a well‐known mechanism. In other cases, a collection of mutations of the same protein produces a pathology with different degrees of severity. The accompanying work by Uusitalo et al. studies several mutants of the fatty acid binding protein P2 of the peripheral nervous system myelin. They conserve the native tertiary structure but a remarkable difference in the capacity to interact with lipids. This could be a clue to unravel the complex way in which these mutations affect myelin structure and function in a variant of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease.Comment on: https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.16079
“Story time is my duty”: Expatriate academic fathers' experiences of balancing their work and home lives
Authors: Dickson Martina , Dickson James 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn academic's life is acknowledged to be the one with constant pressure to publish, as well as fulfilling teaching and other tasks. Much has been written about the academic mother's experience, where professional gain is often reported to be at personal expense. Academic fathers' experiences are less explored, and usually situated within their own home countries. This article presents a qualitative narrative research of male faculty parents working in the United Arab Emirates in the Arabian Gulf. The ways in which the academic fathers “perform” fatherhood, strive to find balance in their lives, and create space for the necessary work of academic research are explored. The findings indicate that where work pressures are experienced, their home support systems (namely spousal support, but also paid domestic help) compensated for this in a way which does not appear to incur self‐sacrifice or career impact. The academic fathers generally reported feeling supported and validated by their organizations and host country.
Gelatin extraction from fish waste and potential applications in food sector
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Sahar Amna , Inam‐Ur‐Raheem Muhammad , Rahman Ubaid ur , Sameen Aysha , Aadil Rana Muhammad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFish solid wastes include different by‐products such as bones, scales and hides that are high in collagen content and account for up to 75% of the total body weight. These wastes can be utilised for the extraction of different products such as gelatin that can be used in different food and pharmaceutical industries. Fish gelatin can be used as a replacement for mammalian gelatin due to its nutritional profile as it contains all the amino acids: essential and non‐essential. Fish gelatin cannot only be used as a replacement for bovine and porcine gelatin but it also increases the utilisation of fish waste and reduces pollution. This review summarises the potential utilisation of different fish waste byproducts, extraction techniques and its application in different food products as an alternative to commercially available porcine and bovine gelatin.
Cities’ migration policies in a country with a deficit of migration policy. The case of Poland
Authors: Ślęzak Ewa , Bielewska Agnieszka 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPoland is currently characterized by no migration policy in a form of an officially approved document as well as by the dominating anti‐immigrant rhetoric expressed by the ruling party leaders. The aim of this paper was to show how Polish cities deal with the unprecedented migration influx in the context of lack of officially approved national level strategy. As the cities’ authorities attitudes vary from accepting migration as economically beneficial to treating migrants as part of the urban population, the unclear state policy is recognized by some as a silent permission of the state to incorporate of migrants. Officially it could not be seen a part of state policy as it is contradicting the anti‐immigration rhetoric. Our paper shows also how the cities’ policies clash with the state approach and policies, in particular at the local level, where the state administration may jeopardize the welcoming messages sent by city authorities towards migrants.
Two heuristics for the label printing problem
Authors: Alonso‐Pecina Federico , Arellano‐Verdejo Javier , Diego‐Celis Rocio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe label printing problem (LPP) arises in the printing industry, where we have a set of labels that require printing. Each one has different demands and must be printed using a single template. The number of labels we can allocate in a template is a fixed one, and the number of templates varies in a small range of different sizes. The goal of the LPP is to design templates to meet the demands for the labels while minimizing the percentage of material wasted. In each grid, the need for each printed cover must be met to facilitate label management. To deal with LPP, we used two known metaheuristics: a threshold accepting and a tabu search. These heuristics, with the aid of a Hill climbing double neighborhood, improved the results significantly.
Short‐term heat stress during flowering results in a decline in Canola seed productivity
Authors: Lohani Neeta , Singh Mohan B. , Bhalla Prem L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOilseed rape (Brassica napus) or Canola is an important oilseed crop produced and consumed globally. The predicted increase in the frequency of high‐temperature events associated with climate change poses a threat to Canola productivity. In the present work, we report the impact of short‐term heat stress on the reproductive fitness and yield components of Canola. Short heat stress episodes, especially above 36°C, resulted in diminished reproductive fitness due to reduced pollen viability and germinability. Heat stress exposure led to asynchronous male and female development and suppressed pollen development in developing buds. As the temperature increased above 32°C, the seed production decreased significantly. Temperatures beyond 38°C resulted in >50% reduction in total seed production and seed weight. Short‐term heat stress also reduced yield components, seed vigour and post‐harvest seed characteristics. Biochemical investigations of the seeds harvested from heat‐stressed (40°C for 12 hr) plants showed decreased oil content along with a variable fatty acid composition. The omega‐6/omega‐3 ratios increased in response to heat stress indicated a possible decline in oil nutritional quality. Understanding the impact of short heat stress episodes can provide efficient heat tolerance screening tools and pave the way for developing heat stress‐tolerant B. napus varieties.
Effects of 405 nm light‐emitting diode treatment on microbial community on fresh‐cut pakchoi and antimicrobial action against Pseudomonas reinekei and Pseudomonas palleroniana
Authors: Zhang Yuchen , Xie Jing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPakchoi (Brassica rapa L. Chinensis) is an important cruciferous vegetable crop in East and Southeast Asia. This research aimed to investigate the change of microbial community and antibacterial effect of 405 nm light‐emitting diode (LED405 nm) illumination (15 μ mol/(m2 · s)) against spoilage bacteria on the surface of agar media and fresh‐cut pakchoi. High‐throughput community sequencing was used to quantify bacterial abundance and 16S rRNA was used to analyze the bacterial community composition on fresh‐cut pakchoi treated with or without LED405 nm storage at 4°C. And alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity and metabolic inhibition assays were selected to measure the mechanism of bacterial inhibition. The results showed that Pseudomonas spp. were able to multiply and cause spoilage of fresh‐cut pakchoi at 4°C. Nevertheless, the majority of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from spoilage pakchoi were Pseudomonas reinekei and Pseudomonas palleroniana which were considered as representative specific spoilage microorganisms in pakchoi. Furthermore, 405 nm light treatment retarded sensory deterioration, inhibited microbial growth. AKP activity and metabolic inhibition assays confirmed the inhibitory effect of light treatment. In brief, 405 nm LED illumination has potential as a preservative to maintain quality, extend the shelf life for 6 days of fresh‐cut pakchoi and abled to control P. reinekei and P. palleroniana growth on fresh‐cut pakchoi at 4°C.
Allopregnanolone: The missing link to explain the effects of stress on tic exacerbation?
Authors: Bortolato Marco , Coffey Barbara J. , Gabbay Vilma , Scheggi Simona 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe neurosteroid allopregnanolone (3α‐hydroxy‐5α‐pregnan‐20‐one; AP) elicits pleiotropic effects in the central nervous system, ranging from neuroprotective and anti‐inflammatory functions to the regulation of mood and emotional responses. Several lines of research show that the brain rapidly produces AP in response to acute stress to reduce the allostatic load and enhance coping. These effects not only are likely mediated by GABAA receptor activation but also result from the contributions of other mechanisms, such as the stimulation of membrane progesterone receptors. In keeping with this evidence, AP has been shown to exert rapid, potent antidepressant properties and has been recently approved for the therapy of moderate‐to‐severe postpartum depression. In addition to depression, emerging evidence points to the potential of AP as a therapy for other neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety, seizures, post‐traumatic stress disorder and cognitive problems. Although this evidence has spurred interest in further therapeutic applications of AP, some investigations suggest that this neurosteroid may also be associated with adverse events in specific disorders. For example, our group has recently documented that AP increases tic‐like manifestations in several animal models of tic disorders; furthermore, our results indicate that inhibiting AP synthesis and signalling reduces the exacerbation of tic severity associated with acute stress. Although the specific mechanisms of these effects remain partially elusive, our findings point to the possibility that the GABAergic activation by AP may also lead to disinhibitory effects, which could interfere with the ability of patients to suppress their tics. Future studies will be necessary to verify whether these mechanisms may apply to other externalising manifestations, such as impulse‐control problems and manic symptoms.
Aroma analyses of fermented soybean paste (doenjang) using descriptive sensory analysis and μ‐chamber/thermal extractor combined with thermal desorber–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Jang Hae Won , Yu Ja Myung , Kim Mina K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to conduct comprehensive aroma analyses of fermented soybean paste (doenjang) using descriptive sensory analysis and μ‐CTE–TD–GC–MS. Four doenjang samples were analyzed for its aroma using μ‐CTE–TD–GC–MS. Descriptive analysis was carried out with a highly trained panel (n = 6). A total of 38 volatile compounds were identified and significant differences in concentrations were noted especially between traditionally manufactured doenjang (S1) and commercially manufactured doenjang (S2–S4) samples. Authentically produced traditional doenjang samples (S1) characterized with meju, fish sauce, and roasted bean aromatics and these are previously reported as typical aromatics associated with traditional doenjang. Higher concentrations of Streker aldehydes and 3‐hydroxy‐2‐butanone, 2‐hydroxy‐3‐pentanone, and butanoic acid were exclusively found in S1. Commercially manufactured doenjang samples were characterized with high alcohol and fruity aromatics and volatile compounds in alcohol and ester compounds were found in higher concentration than S1. Addition of different flavor enhancer also influenced the aroma characteristics of commercially manufactured doenjang, which seems irrelevant to soybean fermentation.Practical applicationsThis study provides the most abundant list of sensory descriptors for traditional doenjang, which can be used as a baseline for doenjang aroma wheel. In addition, this study confirms the use of μ‐CTE–TD–GC–MS for volatile aroma analysis to provide same or superior extraction efficiency for volatile aroma analysis. Overall, this study confirms the aroma differences between “traditionally made” doenjang and “commercially made” doenjang. Interestingly commercial doenjang advertised as “traditionally made doenjang” had different aroma characteristics than authentic, traditionally made doenjang. Finding from current study can assist the doenjang industry to strategically designing the traditional doenjang aroma development targeting for different consumer segments.