bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Problem of Lingering Sentiment: Is Donald Trump Still the Nation's CEO?
Authors: Hart Roderick P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis essay distinguishes the chronology of a presidency—how long it lasts in months and years—from the phenomenology of a presidency, what it comes to mean in the eyes of the American people. The case in point is the presidency of Donald Trump, an administration that has somehow “continued” since the time he left office because of the active rhetorical work performed not only by Trump and his supporters but also by the nation's journalists, who have found it wise to keep Trump in the headlines. Phenomenologically, that is, the nation now has two presidents, one statutory and the other stipulative, a condition that preserves a sharp dialectic between past and present. Depending on one's partisan outlook, this double presidency can be seen as reinforcing, annoying, or frightening, but it is nonetheless rhetorically compelling.
Old wine in a new bottle? Impact of the ISPAAD input subsidy program on the subsistence economy in Botswana
Authors: Seleka Tebogo B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInput subsidy programs (ISPs) are an important part of agricultural development strategy in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). Yet impact assessments of ISPs in SSA have been dominated by Malawi and Zambia programs. This article adds to the growing literature by estimating the impact of the Integrated Support Program for Arable Agriculture Development (ISPAAD) on crop production in Botswana's subsistence economy, using panel data for five agricultural regions and the period of 1978/1979 to 2013/2014. The article also assesses program benefits (relative to public costs) and sustainability. Results show that the program has induced increases of 78%, 87%, 40%, 168%, and 46% in total acreage, cereal acreage, non‐cereal acreage, cereal output, and cereal yields, respectively. However, the value of crops produced was equivalent to only 51% of public expenditure on land cultivation and seasonal inputs. Moreover, the ratio of the value of incremental cereals produced to program expenditure on cereals was estimated at 26%. Therefore, ISPAAD’s positive impacts on crop production cannot be sustained beyond the program implementation period. Some farmers would exit if they were to directly bear the costs of land preparation, let alone seasonal inputs.
Impact of broad‐spectrum antibiotic exposures and multidrug‐resistant gram‐negative bacteremia on hematopoietic cell transplantation outcomes
Authors: Kaundal Shaweta , Jandial Aditya , Singh Harmandeep , Chopra Madhu , Kasudhan Kripa Shanker , Khaire Niranjan , Khadwal Alka , Prakash Gaurav , Jain Arihant , Suri Vikas , Patil Amol , Arora Amit , Sharma Vishal , Ray Pallab , Malhotra Pankaj , Lad Deepesh P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionThere is a close association between the use of broad‐spectrum antibiotics, gut microbiome alteration, multidrug resistant (MDR) gram‐negative bacilli (GNB) bacteremia, graft versus host disease (GVHD), and mortality post‐allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo‐HCT). This study reports the impact of the high use of carbapenems and colistin and MDR bacteremia pre‐ and post‐HCT on HCT outcomes.MethodsThis was a single‐center, partial retrospective, and prospective study from 2016 to 2020. Both pre‐ and post‐HCT antibiotic exposures and blood culture/sensitivity were recorded. MDR GNB was defined as either non‐susceptibility to third‐generation cephalosporin or carbapenems. In the absence of positive cultures, the treating physician escalated antibiotics from third‐generation cephalosporins to carbapenem and/or colistin as per clinical discretion. De‐escalation policy was not strictly enforced.ResultsMDR GNB bacteremia was seen in 29 of 76 (38%) of patients peri‐HCT. The utilization rates for carbapenems and colistin was significantly higher in the cohort with MDR GNB bacteremia pre‐HCT (70% vs. 32%, p = 0.002 and 31% vs. 6.4%, p = 0.007, respectively) and post‐HCT (100% vs. 74.5%, p = 0.002, and 55.2% vs. 8.5%, p < 0.0001, respectively). The cohort with MDR GNB bacteremia had significantly more severe acute GVHD at day+100 (45% vs. 17.5%, p = 0.009). The median survival was 204 days compared to not reached in the cohort without any MDR GNB bacteremia (p = 0.005).ConclusionThis study shows pre‐ and post‐HCT MDR GNB bacteremia is associated with an increased risk of severe acute GVHD and mortality. Patients with MDR GNB bacteremia had higher exposure to pre‐ and post‐HCT carbapenems and colistin.
Phosphatidic acid‐PKA signaling regulates p38 and ERK1/2 functions in ligand‐independent EGFR endocytosis
Authors: Metz Claudia , Oyanadel Claudia , Jung Juan , Retamal Claudio , Cancino Jorge , Barra Jonathan , Venegas Jaime , Du Guangwei , Soza Andrea , González Alfonso 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLigand‐independent epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) endocytosis is inducible by a variety of stress conditions converging upon p38 kinase. A less known pathway involves phosphatidic acid (PA) signaling toward the activation of type 4 phosphodiesterases (PDE4) that decrease cAMP levels and protein kinase A (PKA) activity. This PA/PDE4/PKA pathway is triggered with propranolol used to inhibit PA hydrolysis and induces clathrin‐dependent and clathrin‐independent endocytosis, followed by reversible accumulation of EGFR in recycling endosomes. Here we give further evidence of this signaling pathway using biosensors of PA, cAMP, and PKA in live cells and then show that it activates p38 and ERK1/2 downstream the PKA inhibition. Clathrin‐silencing and IN/SUR experiments involved the activity of p38 in the clathrin‐dependent route, while ERK1/2 mediates clathrin‐independent EGFR endocytosis. The PA/PDE4/PKA pathway selectively increases the EGFR endocytic rate without affecting LDLR and TfR constitute endocytosis. This selectiveness is probably because of EGFR phosphorylation, as detected in Th1046/1047 and Ser669 residues. The EGFR accumulates at perinuclear recycling endosomes colocalizing with TfR, fluorescent transferrin, and Rab11, while a small proportion distributes to Alix‐endosomes. A non‐selective recycling arrest includes LDLR and TfR in a reversible manner. The PA/PDE4/PKA pathway involving both p38 and ERK1/2 expands the possibilities of EGFR transmodulation and interference in cancer.
Alopecias in humans: biology, pathomechanisms and emerging therapies
Authors: Willems Anneliese , Sinclair Rodney 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundThe hair follicle is a complete mini‐organ with a complex biology. Recent discoveries have shed light on the pathogenesis and genetic basis of a number of hair loss conditions, offering novel treatment alternatives.ObjectiveTo explore the biology and physiology of hair growth, the pathomechanism behind alopecias and emerging therapies.Conclusion and clinical importanceHair growth is influenced by numerous physiological moderators. Greater understanding of the biology and physiology of the hair follicle and the pathomechanisms of hair disease facilitates development of targeted treatments. Sublingual minoxidil is a promising therapy in humans where optimised drug delivery enhances efficacy and reduces systemic adverse effects. Janice kinase inhibitors, which disrupt the inflammatory cascade, help maintain the hair follicle, preserve immune privilege, and regrow hair in alopecia areata. As the pathomechanisms of other forms of alopecia become better understood, new targeted therapies with greater efficacy will emerge.
Use of the SpineJack direct reduction for treating type A2, A3 and A4 fractures of the thoracolumbar spine: a retrospective case series
Authors: Lofrese Giorgio , Ricciardi Luca , De Bonis Pasquale , Cultrera Francesco , Cappuccio Michele , Scerrati Alba , Martucci Antonio , Musio Antonio , Tosatto Luigino , De Iure Federico 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundCompression injuries of the thoracolumbar spine without neurological impairment are usually treated with minimally invasive procedures. Intravertebral expandable implants represent an alternative strategy in fractures with low fragments’ displacement.MethodsPatients with A2, A3 and A4 fractures of the T10–L2 spinal segment without neurological impairment, fracture gap >2 mm, vertebra plana, pedicle rupture, pedicle diameter <6 mm, spinal canal encroachment ≥50%, and vertebral body spread >30% were treated with the SpineJack device. Patients with pathological/osteoporotic fractures were excluded. Demographic and fracture-related data were assessed together with vertebral kyphosis correction, vertebral height restoration/loss of correction and final kyphosis. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Smiley–Webster Pain Scale (SWPS) and EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) were evaluated at 1 (-post), 6 and 12 months (-fup) after surgery. Statistical analysis was performed and p values ≤0.05 were considered significant.ResultsFifty-seven patients were included in the study. Patients aged >60 years reported worse kyphosis correction (<4°) with more postoperative complications, while vertebral plasticity in younger patients, fragmentation-related greater remodeling in A3/A4 fractures, and treatments within 7 days of trauma determined superior wedging corrections, with better EQ-5D-post and mRS-fup. Cement leakages did not affect functional outcome, while female gender and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score of 3–4 were associated with worse ODI-fup and VAS-fup. Although fracture characteristics and radiological outcome did not negatively influence the clinical outcome, A2 fracture was a risk factor for complications, thus indirectly compromising both the functional and radiological outcome.ConclusionWith spread of <30%, the SpineJack is an alternative to minimally invasive fixations for treating A3/A4 thoracolumbar fractures, being able to preserve healthy motion segments in younger patients and provide an ultra-conservative procedure for elderly and fragile patients.
Extracting complements and substitutes from sales data: a network perspective
Authors: Tian Yu , Lautz Sebastian , Wallis Alisdair O. G. , Lambiotte Renaud 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe complementarity and substitutability between products are essential concepts in retail and marketing. Qualitatively, two products are said to be substitutable if a customer can replace one product by the other, while they are complementary if they tend to be bought together. In this article, we take a network perspective to help automatically identify complements and substitutes from sales transaction data. Starting from a bipartite product-purchase network representation, with both transaction nodes and product nodes, we develop appropriate null models to infer significant relations, either complements or substitutes, between products, and design measures based on random walks to quantify their importance. The resulting unipartite networks between products are then analysed with community detection methods, in order to find groups of similar products for the different types of relationships. The results are validated by combining observations from a real-world basket dataset with the existing product hierarchy, as well as a large-scale flavour compound and recipe dataset.
Assessment of Pharmacy Students’ Satisfaction towards Pharmacotherapy Lectures Delivered at the University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
Authors: Yismaw Malede Berihun , Tesfaye Zelalem Tilahun , Bhagavathula Akshaya Srikanth 
Published: August 2021

Background. Quality healthcare can be assured by fostering quality teaching-learning process. Students are well-equipped to judge the quality of the teaching-learning process. Consequently, students’ satisfaction should be considered for the improvement of quality teaching. Objective. The study aimed to explore how far the University of Gondar (UoG) provides quality pharmacy education based on the perspective of students using the validated Instructional Skills Questionnaire (ISQ). Methods. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on May 2018 GC on 105 pharmacy students at the University of Gondar, Northern Ethiopia. Data were collected using the suspected demographic information and the validated Instructional Skills Questionnaire (ISQ). Data were entered into IBM SPSS Statistics® version 25, and the results of the analysis were described using descriptive and inferential statistics. A letter of ethical approval was obtained from the ethical review board of the University of Gondar prior to data collection. Results. More than half (58.6%) of the participants were female, and 85.1% of the subjects aged between 21 and 25 years. The highest students’ satisfaction was in the ISQ dimension of explication (58.03%) followed by instruction (56.13%) and comprehension (52.78). Student’s T-test showed that extension (night-shift) students have a higher average satisfaction score (3.54

±

0.34) compared to regular (day-shift) students (3.31

±

0.41) (t (103) = 2.422,

p
=
0.017

). Similarly, fourth-year students showed higher average satisfaction (3.54

±

0.33) as compared to fifth-year students (3.28

±

0.42) (t (103) = 3.41,

p
=
0.002

). Conclusion. In the present study, a higher students’ satisfaction was obtained about explication (58.03%) among seven ISQ dimensions, while students’ satisfaction related to activation was minimal (49%). Students’ satisfaction related to the learning outcome was found to be relatively high (67.23%). The study also showed that there is a significant difference in students’ satisfaction within the different study programs and years of study. Hence, the instructors should work to improve students’ satisfaction, thereby increasing the number of qualified professionals in the market.
Racial, Ethnic, and Geographic Disparities in Cardiovascular Health Among Women of Childbearing Age in the United States
Authors: Zheng Yi , Wen Xiaoxiao , Bian Jiang , Zhao Jinying , Lipkind Heather S. , Hu Hui 
Published: August 2021

Background
In the United States, large disparities in cardiovascular health (CVH) exist in the general population, but little is known about the CVH status and its disparities among women of childbearing age (ie, 18–49 years).

Methods and Results
In this cross‐sectional study, we examined racial, ethnic, and geographic disparities in CVH among all women of childbearing age in the United States, using the 2011 to 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Life's Simple 7 (ie, blood pressure, glucose, total cholesterol, smoking, body mass index, physical activity, and diet) was used to examine CVH. Women with 7 ideal CVH metrics were determined to have ideal CVH. Among the 269 564 women of childbearing age, 13 800 (4.84%) had ideal CVH. After adjusting for potential confounders, non‐Hispanic Black women were less likely to have ideal CVH (odds ratio, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.46–0.63) compared with non‐Hispanic White women, and with significantly lower odds of having ideal metrics of blood pressure, blood glucose, body mass index, and physical activity. No significant difference in CVH was found between non‐Hispanic White and Hispanic women. Large geographic disparities with temporal variations were observed, with the age‐ and race‐adjusted ideal CVH prevalence ranging from 4.05% in the District of Columbia (2011) to 5.55% in Maine and Montana (2019). States with low ideal CVH prevalence and average CVH score were mostly clustered in the southern United States.

Conclusions
Large racial, ethnic, and geographic disparities in CVH exist among women of childbearing age. More efforts are warranted to understand and address these disparities.
Exodus in Matthew’s Looking Glass: Jesus’s Flight to Egypt (Matt 2:13–18) as a Reflection Story
Authors: Stargel Linda 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Matthew’s placement of Hosea 11:1 – “Out of Egypt I called my son” – following the arrival of Jesus in Egypt has been largely misinterpreted by scholars as a “premature quotation.” The Old Testament’s expanded portrayal of a symbolic Egypt, the interpretative framework of the Social Identity Approach, and the recognition of Matthew 2:13–18 as a “reflection story” add the necessary keys for understanding Hosea 11:1’s placement. Old Testament exodus stories not only advance the possibility of a symbolic interpretation of Egypt in the citation, but they favor such an interpretation. The exodus allusions in Matthew’s story endorse this symbolic interpretation of Israel as the Egyptian Other. In the looking glass of the exodus, Matthew’s Flight to Egypt story reveals both the character of the Other and that of the story’s hero.
Trading Freedoms for Protection: Gender and Localised Protection in Libya
Authors: Donovan Outi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Much has been written on the 2011 intervention in Libya and its implications to the R2P principle, but we know less about the lived experience of protection in a context where the post-intervention responsibility for protecting civilians was quickly transferred to the interim authorities who had limited governance capacity. This has resulted in ‘localised protection’ where militias, tribal elders, and family members constitute the main actors providing protection to their respective communities. Although this is in line with the growing emphasis on local ownership underwriting UN and donor discourse, a troubling upshot of the localised protection is that it often disempowers, and at times subjects the protected to further insecurity and violence. The aim of this analysis is to explore this dynamic of protection and insecurity. I draw on feminist theorising of the masculine protection logic and argue that civilians in Libya negotiate multiple, gendered protection bargains that often produce perverse outcomes, by subjecting the ‘protected’ to renewed or increased insecurities, rather than reducing them.
Ancient Models for the New Musicians
Authors: Ercoles Marco 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
On the symbolic role assumed by mythical musicians (e.g. Marsyas, Olympus, Orpheus, Thamyris) in the debate on music in the second half of the fifth century BC, with particular attention to them in the fragments of New Musicians (Melanipp. PMG 758 and 766, Tim. PMG 791.221–4, Telest. PMG 805 and 806). Timotheus and the other exponents of the New Music tried to construct distant and authoritative models for their way of making music by projecting back onto those ancient ‘colleagues’ key features of their style, namely poikilia, inventiveness and virtuosity.
Estimation of water origins within an explosive cyclone over the Sea of Japan using an isotopic regional spectral model
Authors: Li Xiaoyang , Kawamura Ryuichi , Sugimoto Atsuko , Yoshimura Kei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMoisture sources and their corresponding temperature and humidity are important for explosive extratropical cyclones’ development regarding latent heating. To clarify the water origins and moisture-transport processes within an explosive cyclone, we simulated an explosive cyclone migrating poleward across the Sea of Japan on November 30, 2014, by using an isotopic regional spectral model. In the cyclone’s center area, a replacement of water origins occurred during the cyclone’s development. During the early stage, the warm conveyor belt (WCB) transported large amounts of moisture from the East China Sea and Kuroshio into the cyclone’s inner region. While in the deepening stage, the cold conveyor belt (CCB) and dry intrusion (DI) conveyed more moisture from the Northwest Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan, respectively. Compared with the contribution of local moisture, that of remote moisture was dominant in the cyclone’s center area. Regarding the water origins of condensation within the frontal system in the deepening stage, the Northwest Pacific Ocean vapors, principally transported by the CCB, contributed 35.5% of the condensation in the western warm front. The East China Sea and Kuroshio moisture, conveyed by the WCB, accounted for 32.4% of the condensation in the cold and eastern warm fronts. In addition, condensation from the Sea of Japan, which was mainly triggered by the DI and induced by the topography, occurred on the west coast of the mainland of Japan and near the cyclone center. The spatial distribution of the isotopic composition in condensation and water vapor also supports the water-origin results.
Outcomes and postoperative complications after transpelvic urethrostomy used as first-line surgery in 38 male cats with obstructive lower urinary tract disease
Authors: Dumartinet Caroline , Bernard Fabrice , Bernardé Antoine 
Published: August 2021

Objectives This article aimed to report on the short- and long-term outcomes after transpelvic urethrostomy (TPU) as a first-line surgery to treat obstructive lower urinary tract disease (OLUTD) in male cats. Methods A retrospective review and follow-up owner telephone questionnaire for cats with OLUTD undergoing TPU as a first-line surgery between 2013 and 2019, at a single referral hospital, were performed. A minimum follow-up period of 1 year was required to be included in the study. Short- and long-term complications were defined as those that occurred, respectively, within or after the first 4 weeks postoperatively. Results Thirty-eight male cats were included. The short-term complication rate was 18%. Idiopathic lower urinary tract disease (ILUTD) and stomal stenosis (SS) were the two most frequent short-term complications. Long-term complications were reported in 34% of the cats and included ILUTD, urinary tract infection and SS. The mortality rate was 5%. Eighty-two percent of the owners were satisfied with the postoperative outcome. The most common reason for owner dissatisfaction was the occurrence of SS, especially because these complications required multiple surgical revisions to be definitively managed. The long-term quality of life was considered to be good to very good by 89% of the owners. Ninety-one percent of the cats were free of clinical urinary signs at the time of the questionnaire completion. Conclusions and relevance TPU can be an acceptable first-line surgical technique to treat cats with OLUTD. Most cats experienced a good to very good quality of life after TPU. Most complications were transient or manageable medically. Most of the major complications were SS, which can be technically challenging to address and may require multiple revision surgeries.