bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The First Dynamical Mass Determination of a Nitrogen-rich Wolf–Rayet Star Using a Combined Visual and Spectroscopic Orbit
Authors: Richardson Noel D. , Lee Laura , Schaefer Gail , Shenar Tomer , Sander Andreas A. C. , Hill Grant M. , Fullard Andrew G. , Monnier John D. , Anugu Narsireddy , Davies Claire L , Gardner Tyler , Lanthermann Cyprien , Kraus Stefan , Setterholm Benjamin R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present the first visual orbit for the nitrogen-rich Wolf–Rayet binary, WR 133 (WN5o + O9I), based on observations made with the CHARA Array and the MIRC-X combiner. This orbit represents the first visual orbit for a WN star and only the third Wolf–Rayet star with a visual orbit. The orbit has a period of 112.8 days, a moderate eccentricity of 0.36, and a separation of a = 0.79 mas on the sky. We combine the visual orbit with an SB2 orbit and Gaia parallax to find that the derived masses of the component stars are

and

, with the large errors owing to the nearly face-on geometry of the system combined with errors in the spectroscopic parameters. We also derive an orbital parallax that is identical to the Gaia-determined distance. We present a preliminary spectral analysis and atmosphere models of the component stars, and find the mass-loss rate in agreement with polarization variability and our orbit. However, the derived masses are low compared to the spectral types and spectral model. Given the close binary nature, we suspect that WR 133 should have formed through binary interactions, and represents an ideal target for testing evolutionary models given its membership in the cluster NGC 6871.
The Coma Dust of Comet C/2013 US10 (Catalina): A Window into Carbon in the Solar System
Authors: Woodward Charles E. , Wooden Diane H. , Harker David E. , Kelley Michael S. P. , Russell Ray W. , Kim Daryl L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Comet C/2013 US10 (Catalina) was a dynamically new Oort cloud comet whose apparition presented a favorable geometry for observations near close-Earth approach (≃0.93 au) at heliocentric distances ≲2 au when insolation and sublimation of volatiles drive maximum activity. Here we present mid-infrared 6.0 ≲ λ(μm) ≲ 40 spectrophotometric observations at two temporal epochs from NASA’s Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy and the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility that yield an inventory of the refractory materials and their physical characteristics through thermal modeling analysis. The grain composition is dominated by dark dust grains (modeled as amorphous carbon) with a silicate-to-carbon ratio ≲0.9, little crystalline stoichiometry (no distinct 11.2 μm feature attributed to Mg-rich crystalline olivine), and the submicron grain-size distribution peaking at ≃0.6 μm. The 10 μm silicate feature was weak, ≈12.8% ± 0.1% above the local continuum, and the bolometric grain albedo was low (≲14%). Comet C/2013 US10 (Catalina) is a carbon-rich object. This material, which is well represented by the optical constants of amorphous carbon, is similar to the material that darkens and reddens the surface of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. We argue this material is endemic to the nuclei of comets, synthesizing results from the study of Stardust samples, interplanetary dust particle investigations, and micrometeoritic analyses. The atomic carbon-to-silicate ratio of comet C/2013 US10 (Catalina) and other comets joins a growing body of evidence suggesting the existence of a C/Si gradient in the primitive solar system, providing new insight into planetesimal formation and the distribution of isotopic and compositional gradients extant today.
Selection and Characteristics of the Dragonfly Landing Site near Selk Crater, Titan
Authors: Lorenz Ralph D. , MacKenzie Shannon M. , Neish Catherine D. , Gall Alice Le , Turtle Elizabeth P. , Barnes Jason W. , Trainer Melissa G. , Werynski Alyssa , Hedgepeth Joshua , Karkoschka Erich 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The factors contributing to the initial selection of a dune site near the Selk impact structure on Titan as the first landing site for the Dragonfly mission are described. These include arrival geometry and aerodynamic/aerothermodynamic considerations, illumination, and Earth visibility, as well as the likely presence of exposed deposits of water-rich material, potentially including materials where molten ice has interacted with organics. Cassini observations of Selk are summarized and interpreted: near-infrared reflectance and microwave emission data indicate water-rich materials in and around the crater. Radar topography data shows the rim of Selk to have slopes on multi-km scales reaching only ∼2° degrees, an order of magnitude shallower than early photoclinometric estimates.
Heavy Positive Ion Groups in Titan’s Ionosphere from Cassini Plasma Spectrometer IBS Observations
Authors: Haythornthwaite Richard P. , Coates Andrew J. , Jones Geraint H. , Wellbrock Anne , Waite J. Hunter , Vuitton Véronique , Lavvas Panayotis 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Titan’s ionosphere contains a plethora of hydrocarbons and nitrile cations and anions as measured by the Ion Neutral Mass Spectrometer and Cassini Plasma Spectrometer (CAPS) on board the Cassini spacecraft. Data from the CAPS Ion Beam Spectrometer (IBS) sensor have been examined for five close encounters of Titan during 2009. The high relative velocity of Cassini with respect to the cold ions in Titan’s ionosphere allows CAPS IBS to function as a mass spectrometer. Positive ion masses between 170 and 310 u/q are examined with ion mass groups identified between 170 and 275 u/q containing between 14 and 21 heavy (carbon/nitrogen/oxygen) atoms. These groups are the heaviest positive ion groups reported so far from the available in situ ion data at Titan. The ion group peaks are found to be consistent with masses associated with polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC), including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and nitrogen-bearing polycyclic aromatic molecular ions. The ion group peak identifications are compared with previously proposed neutral PAHs and are found to be at similar masses, supporting a PAH interpretation. The spacing between the ion group peaks is also investigated, finding a spacing of 12 or 13 u/q indicating the addition of C or CH. Lastly, the occurrence of several ion groups is seen to vary across the five flybys studied, possibly relating to the varying solar radiation conditions observed across the flybys. These findings further the understanding between the low-mass ions and the high-mass negative ions, as well as with aerosol formation in Titan’s atmosphere.
Canine intestinal parasites as a potential source of soil contamination in the public areas of Kruševac, Serbia
Authors: Raičević Jelena G , Pavlović Ivan N , Galonja-Coghill Tamara A 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Environmental contamination by infected canine faeces presents an indirect source of contamination in people. In this research the presence of parasitic elements in canine faeces found in the public areas of Kruševac was examined.
Methodology: During May and October 2018, 282 samples were collected from different public areas (ten kindergartens, six public squares and four parks). The examination of faeces was performed by means of direct smear and flotation. For statistical testing of the difference between the frequencies of attributes χ2 test was applied.
Results: Out of 282 samples, 221 (78.4%) were positive, of which 17/20 (85.0%) from kindergartens, 125/160 (78.1%) from parks and 79/102 (77.5%) from public squares. The presence of Ancylostomatidae spp. was discovered in 113 (40.1%) samples, Toxocara canis in 82 (29.1%), Dipylidium caninum in 76 (27.0%), Giardia intestinalis in 45 (16.0%), Taenia spp. in 44 (15.6%), Amoeba spp. in 32 (11.3%), Trichuris vulpis in 19 (6.7%), Toxascaris leonina in 18 (6.4%), Strongyloides stercoralis in 17 (6.0%), Isospora spp. in 7 (2.5%) and Cryptosporidium spp. in 3 (1.1%). In May there were 115/141 (81.6%) positive samples, whereas in October there were 106/141 (72.5%) positive ones. No positive sample with three or four parasites was found in October.
Conclusions: This study shows that canine faeces from public areas in Kruševac can be the cause of a significant environmental contamination by eggs of canine intestinal parasites as well as of human infections.
Investigation of heteroresistant vancomycin intermediate Staphylococcus aureus among MRSA isolates
Authors: Gazel Deniz , Erinmez Mehmet , Büyüktaş Manay Ayşe , Zer Yasemin 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Heteroresistant vancomycin intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) testing is recommended when therapeutic failure is suspected in the clinics. In our research, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of hVISA among methicilline-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates in our university hospital and compared three methods for detection of hVISA.
Methodology: One hundred MRSA clinical isolates were collected in our medical microbiology laboratory between 01.04.2018 and 01.10.2019. For screening of hVISA, we used two screening agar plates and used one commercial medium; brain heart infusion agar (BHI) plates containing 4 µg/mL vancomycin and 16 g/Lt casein (BHIA-VC; Satola’s test), BHI agar plates containing 4 µg/mLvancomycin (BHIAV), and commercially obtained vancomycin resistant Enterococci (VRE) agar for detetection of hVISA. Colonies which could grow on plates were counted manually at 24th and 48th hours.
Results: Among 100 MRSA isolates, 43 (43%) were found as hVISA using Satola’s test. BHIAV and VRE agar screening test results were found 70% and 4%, respectively. Finally, at the step, MIC values of 20 (47%) hVISA isolates reduced to 2 µg/mL after sub culturing for the gradient test.
Conclusions: We found higher rates of hVISA comparing other studies in Turkey. Both VRE agar and BHIAV screening test failed to detect hVISA properly. Meropenem in combination with vancomycin inhibited the growth of 90% hVISA isolates in our study.
L’Organisation africaine de la propriété intellectuelle : un organisme de dimension régionale
Authors: Bohoussou Denis L. 
Published: February 2021

Que les jeunes États africains aient souhaité créer, au lendemain des indépendances, un office de propriété intellectuelle régional, témoigne de l’importance des enjeux liés à la matière pour le développement économique. Comment cet Office est-il devenu une organisation régionale à part entière, l’Organisation africaine de la propriété intellectuelle ? Quelles sont ses missions et ses ambitions face aux enjeux contemporains ? Voilà ce que propose d’explorer cet article.
À propos du manuscrit physiocratique commenté par Diderot dans les Observations sur le Nakaz
Authors: Dulac Georges 
Published: February 2021

Dans une publication récente des Classiques Garnier, Serguey Zanin a présenté une étude de L’Esprit de l’Instruction, commentaire très étendu du Nakaz de Catherine II principalement composé d’extraits d’écrits physiocratiques, et en a donné une édition commentée, a priori très utile puisque quelque vingt-huit observations de Diderot, souvent très développées, se rapportent à cet ouvrage. Cependant la réalisation est décevante car la transcription du manuscrit est très fautive, tandis que son attribution au prince D. A. Golitsyn, un ami proche du philosophe, ne repose que sur des argumentsinconsistants. L’article, qui anticipe sur l’édition des Observations sur le Nakaz à paraître dans DPV, XXII, comporte en annexe un tableau des commentaires de Diderot à mettre en rapport avec des passages de L’Esprit de l’Instruction, avec l’indication de leurs sources : le philosophe s’y prononce sur les principaux points de la doctrine des « économistes », et plus rarement réagit à des vues de W. Robertson, W. Blackstone et C. A. Pilati.
Du Dictionnaire universel de commerce à la Cyclopaedia : un nouvel élément de la généalogie du renvoi encyclopédique
Authors: Loveland Jeff 
Published: February 2021

D’où viennent les renvois de l’Encyclopédie ? La réponse habituelle, et sans doute la bonne, est qu’ils viennent de la Cyclopaedia de Chambers. Mais si l’on pose la question de l’origine des renvois chez Chambers, la réponse est moins claire. Il est courant d’évoquer l’existence de dispositifs ressemblant à des renvois dans certaines encyclopédies précédentes, la volonté de Chambers de regrouper des connaissances éparpillées par l’ordre alphabétique, ou la tradition des recueils de « lieux communs ». Ici, sans nier l’importance de ces influences, je soutiendrais qu’en plus, Chambers avait devant lui un modèle concret de l’emploi d’un réseau de renvois pour lier les concepts, celui du Dictionnaire universel de commerce.
The effect of diets supplemented with Coriandrum sativum seeds on carcass performance, immune system, blood metabolites, rumen parameters and meat quality of lambs
Authors: Khamisabadi Hassan , Ahmadpanah Javad 
Published: February 2021

A trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Coriandrum sativum seeds on carcass performance, immune system, blood metabolites, rumen parameters and meat quality of Lambs. 16 Sanjabi lambs of 27 ± 5.1 kg during post-weaning (97 d of age) period were randomly selected. Four diets including 0, 1, 3, and 5% coriander seeds, replaced by Alfa alfa in the diet, were considered. A 30:70 alfalfa hay: concentrate diet for a period of time (97 to 187 d of age) was used. The results showed that feed intake was significantly increased by adding coriander seeds, linearly. There was no significant difference for apparent digestibility of crude protein, crude fat, neutral and acidic detergent fiber, crude ash, rumen fluid pH and ammonia nitrogen at 0, 2 and 4 h after feeding, Meat dry matter, ash, crude protein and fat, and the meat’s fatty acid profile (p > 0.05). Dietary coriander seeds had a significant effect on neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophil’s (in days 7 and 14 of trial) and blood metabolites at the middle of trial. Obtained results suggested that supplementation of coriander seed may have limited effects on nutrient digestibility, ruminal parameters, meat quality, blood cells and metabolites.
A Comparative Randomized Clinical Trial to Assess the Efficacy between Dexmedetomidine and Midazolam Infusions for Procedural Sedation during Septoplasty
Authors: Sundar Siyam , Jahagirdar Sameera M , Kumar VR Hemanth , Krishnaveni N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background:
Septoplasty is often performed under sedation with local anesthesia. Midazolam is one of the commonly used sedative but it lacks analgesic effect. Dexmedetomidine is now preferred, owing to the side effects of midazolam. However, there seems to be addressable literature void in this regard. This study was aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of sedation between midazolam and dexmedetomidine infusions for procedural sedation during septoplasty under local anesthesia

Patients and Methods:
This was a randomized clinical trial involving sixty patients undertaking elective septoplasty under local anesthesia randomized into Group A that received intravenous dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg over 10 min, followed by continuous infusion 0.5 μg/kg/h and Group B receiving intravenous midazolam 50 μg/kg (over 10 min), followed by continuous infusion 50 μg/kg/h. The Ramsay sedation score (RSS) and patient and surgeon satisfaction scores were documented. The analysis was done using the Chi-square test and Student t-test.

Results:
A significant change in the heart rate from 10 to 60 min was observed between the two groups (P < 0.05). The midazolam group showed a significant increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) from baseline to 40 min time interval (P < 0.05). The respiratory rate remained constant in both groups. Patients attaining target RSS of 3–4 were significantly higher in the dexmedetomidine group (P < 0.05). Patient satisfaction score and surgeon satisfaction score were higher in the dexmedetomidine group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Dexmedetomidine for septoplasty under local anesthesia is more effective than midazolam infusion in providing adequate sedation and provides stable hemodynamics and well-preserved respiratory functions.
Early Intensive Inpatient Rehabilitation for Children Undergoing Hemispherotomy
Authors: Matias Ivair , Riberto Marcelo , Caldas Carla Andrea Cardoso Tanuri , Menezes-Reis Rafael , Liporaci Rogério Ferreira , Santos Marcelo Volpon , Silva Lopes Luiza da , Machado Helio Rubens 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Hemispherotomy is the treatment of choice for children with refractory epilepsy. Although hemiplegia, sensory and motor impairments result from this surgical procedure, seizure control is effective as well as anticonvulsant dose reduction. Description of functional gains after rehabilitation of these children are still incomplete.

Aims:
To evaluate the effects of an early intensive rehabilitation program in the gross motor function of lower limbs after 30, 90, 180 and 360 days of surgery for the treatment of epilepsy (hemispherotomy), and compare to historic controls.

Materials and Methods:
prospective and longitudinal case series, with historic controls. Fourteen out of sixteen children who underwent hemispherotomy from January 2012 to February 2013 received an early rehabilitation protocol (ERP). Functional assessment included the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Fugl-Meyer Scale (FMS) lower limb subscale, and Gross Motor Function System of Classification (GMFCS), as well as the need of wheelchairs and walking aids. A historical group of 13 children who received a conventional rehabilitation protocol (CRP) was used as control.

Results:
FMS and BBS improved in ERP subjects until 6 months after surgery and reached a plateau. One year after hemispherotomy, all children in the ERP group could walk independently and had mild limitations to mobility whereas, among those in the CRP subjects, there was a higher prevalence of musculoskeletal deformities and severe gait restrictions.

Conclusions:
ERP promotes rapid functional recovery during one-year follow-up and, as compared to the CRP group, the average functional capacity of the ERP group was considerably higher. These data support the beneficial effects of a specific, individualized and early rehabilitation approach for such patients.
Rights of Non-Muslim and Sanctity of Human Life: In the Light of the Era of Prophet (S.A.W) and the Righteous Caliphate Periods
Authors: Nasir Muhammad Suleman 
Published: February 2021

غیر مسلموں کے حقوق اور انسانی جان کی حرمت : عہدِنبویﷺو خلفائےراشدین کی روشنی میں
Islam guarantees the protection of life, property, honour, and dignity of all the members of society, regardless of their religion, colour, race or ethnicity. Sanctity of human life is the fundamental issue and Islam emphasized on it the most. Holy Quran declared the murder of a single person as the killing of all humanity. Islam always secured the rights of non-Muslims. Protecting the lives, dignity and property of non-Muslim living in an Islamic state is a duty of a Muslims in general and the Islamic State in particular. The manner in which the rights of non-Muslims were protected in the era of the Prophet (S.A.W) and the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs is unprecedented. The Prophet (S.A.W) gave this protection constitutional and legal status through his teachings and practice. Our Holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) declared that “The one who killed any Dhmmī would not get the fragrance of Paradise though its fragrance can be sensed at a distance of forty years journey”. In the era of the righteous caliphs, the rights of non-Muslims were also safeguarded. This article is a description of the rights of non-Muslims with reference to the sanctity of human life in Islam. It also throws light on the unique teachings of Islam regarding the fundamental rights of minorities in the period of the Prophet and the Rightly Guided Caliphs. A descriptive and analytical research methodology will be used in this research to obtain results and recommendations. The expected results and recommendations of the study will guide the Muslims and non-Muslims to harmonize the social set up around the globe.
Поширеність коморбідної патології у військовослужбовців, хворих на ішемічну хворобу серця
Authors: Kuts T. V. , Moroz G. Z. 
Published: February 2021

Мета – визначити поширеність коморбідної патології у військовослужбовців, хворих на ішемічну хворобу серця (ІХС), які проходили лікування в кардіологічному відділенні Національного військово-медичного клінічного центру «Головний військовий клінічний госпіталь» (НВМКЦ «ГВКГ»).
Матеріали і методи. Проведено аналіз 100 історій хвороби випадкової вибірки пацієнтів кардіологічного відділення, які були госпіталізовані в НВМКЦ «ГВКГ» в 2020 році з діагнозом ІХС. Всі хворі були чоловічої статі, віком від 40 до 60 років. Для дослідження вікових особливостей поширеності коморбідної патології хворі на ІХС були розділені на дві групи: 40-50 років (1 група – 45 пацієнтів) та 51-60 років (ІІ група – 55 пацієнтів). Статистична обробка проводилась з використанням програми Microsoft Excel 2007 та стандартного статистичного пакета STATISTICA 6,0.
Результати. Визначено значну поширеність коморбідних захворювань у хворих на ІХС: кількість супутніх захворювань була від 2 до 10. Артеріальна гіпертензія була виявлена у 100% хворих І та ІІ групи. Серед інших коморбідних серцево-судинних захворювань: цереброваскулярні захворювання були діагностовані у хворих І групи у 15,6±5,4% та у 10,9 ±4,2% ІІ групи (р > 0,05); атеросклеротичне ураження артерій нижніх кінцівок – у 51,1±7,5% та у 58,1±6,7%, відповідно (р > 0,05). Найбільш поширеними коморбідними захворюваннями системи органів травлення були: хронічний холецистит (у 26,7±6,6% хворих І групи та у 40,0±6,6% ІІ групи, р > 0,05), неалкогольна жирова хвороба печінки (у 22,2±6,2% та у 20±5,4%, відповідно, р > 0,05), хронічний гастродуоденіт (у 22,2±6,2% та у 18,1±5,2%, відповідно, р > 0,05). Ожиріння було визначено у 22,2±6,2% хворих в І групі, та у 25,5±5,9% в ІІ групі (р > 0,05); цукровий діабет ІІ типу – у 4,4±3,1% в І групі, та у 5,5±3,1% в ІІ групі (р > 0,05); подагра – у 8,9±4,2 % та у 3,6±2,5 %, відповідно; (р > 0,05), остеохондроз хребта – у 40±7,3 % та у 29,1±6,1%, відповідно (р > 0,05).
Висновки. Результати проведеного дослідження засвідчили значне поширення коморбідної патології у хворих на ІХС, які проходили лікування в НВМКЦ «ГВКГ», що має важливе значення для прогнозу та призначення лікування. Найбільш поширеними були артеріальна гіпертензія (100%), атеросклеротичне ураження артерій нижніх кінцівок (51,1±7,5% в 1 групі та у 58,1±6,7% в ІІ групі, р > 0,05); остеохондроз хребта (40±7,3 % та 29,1±6,1 %, відповідно, р > 0,05) та хронічний холецистит (26,7±6,6 % та 40,0±6,6%, р > 0,05). Не визначено статистично достовірних відмінностей щодо поширення коморбідної патології у хворих на ІХС у віковій групі 40-50 років та 51-60 років.