bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the Activities of Protective Enzymes Induced by Mepiquat Chloride (DPC) in Cotton to Defend Against Aphids
Authors: Zhang Quancheng , Deng Xiaoxia , Wang Jungang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Mepiquat chloride (DPC) enhances the resistance of cotton plants, and it is widely used as a growth regulator. DPC can stimulate photosynthesis, stabilize the structure of cotton leaves, and affect population reproduction and energy substances in cotton aphids, but interactions between DPC and cotton aphids remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed the physiological responses of cotton to DPC, and the toxicity of DPC toward cotton aphids, before and after feeding, to explore the DPC-induced defense mechanism against cotton aphids.Results: Measurements of protective enzyme activity in cotton showed that the soluble protein contents, peroxidase (POD) activity, and catalase (CAT) activity in cotton treated with different concentrations of DPC were higher than in the control. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was higher than that of controls when the concentration of DPC was <0.1 g/L. Under aphid stress, POD activity of cotton treated with a low insect population density was significantly lower than that of controls, but the reverse was true for cotton treated with a high insect population density, and SOD activity was positively correlated with population density. The activities of detoxification enzymes in field and laboratory experiments showed that DPC promoted the specific activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) in cotton aphids, while the specific activities of carboxylesterase and acetylcholinesterase were decreased.Conclusions: DPC enhanced the resistance of cotton by increasing the activity of protective enzymes. It also had a toxic effect on cotton aphids by increasing GST activity (the main DPC target) and lowering carboxylesterase and acetylcholinesterase activities. DPC increased the soluble protein content and SOD activity in cotton under aphid stress, and thereby enhanced tolerance to cotton aphids.
Occurrence of Diarrheal diseases among under-five children and associated socio-demographic and household environmental factors: An Investigation Based on National Family Health Survey-4 in Rural India
Authors: Saha Jay , Mondal Sabbir , Chouhan Pradip 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Diarrheal disease is a major population health problem that is the leading reason for mortality and morbidity among children aged 0-59 months in rural India. Therefore, the rationale of this study was to identify the socio-demographic, environmental predictors associated with diarrhea among under-five children in rural India.
Methods: A total of 188,521 living children (0-59 months) were utilized from the National Family Health Survey-4, 2015–2016. Bivariate and binary logistic regression analysis was carried out from the available NFHS-4 data for selected socio-demographic and environmental predictors to identify the relationship of occurrence of diarrhea using STATA 13.1.
Results: In rural India, children aged 12-23 months [AOR: 0.897, 95% CI (0.876, 0.983)], 24-35 months [AOR: 0.579, 95% CI (0.543, 0.617)], 36-47 months [AOR: 0.394, 95% CI (0.367, 0.424)], 48-59 months [AOR: 0.313, 95% CI (0.289, 0.339)] were significantly less likely to suffer diarrheal disease. Female children [AOR: 0.897, 95% CI (0.859, 0.937)], children belonged to Scheduled Tribe [AOR: 0.811, 95% CI (0.755, 0.872)], Other Backward Classes [AOR: 0.902, 95% CI (0.851, 0.956)] were less likelihood to experience diarrhea significantly. Diarrhea disease was also significantly more likely to occur among Muslim children [AOR: 1.217, 95% CI (1.128, 1.313)], other religion [AOR: 1.163, 95% CI (1.062, 1.272)] children in central region [AOR: 1.510, 95% CI (1.410, 1.617)], east region [AOR: 1.077, 95% CI (1.002, 1.157)], and west region [AOR: 1.201, 95% CI (1.095, 1.317)], children with low birth weight [AOR: 1.135, 95% CI (1.074, 1.149)], undernourished [AOR: 1.097, 95% CI (1.038, 1.197)], improper stool disposal [AOR: 1.061, 95% CI (1.002, 1.124)], and rudimentary roof materials [AOR: 1.113, 95% CI (1.048, 1.182)].
Conclusions: In the rural part of India, diarrhea has occurred frequently now. The different socio-demographic and environmental factors are influencing this disease. For reducing the vulnerability of diarrhea the socio-demographic and environmental factors should be improved or monitoring by effective community education. The government and different NGOs should focus on improved drinking water sources, sanitation facility which may reduce the vulnerability of the disease.
Demand Allocation and Profit Sharing to Improve Salt Farmer’s Revenue: A Cooperative Game Approach
Authors: Maflahah Iffan , Wirjodirdjo Budi Santoso , Karningsih Putu Dana 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The main problem of the salt supply chain system is the oligopoly market structure dominated by middlemen which reduces the bargaining power of farmers. It has, however, been discovered that vertical collaboration (farmers to cooperatives) and horizontal collaboration (farmers to farmers) models have the ability to increase farmers' revenue. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the effect of both horizontal and vertical collaboration models on the salt supply chain system with the expectation to increase farmers' revenue. This involved the application of the cooperative game theory with Shapley's value used as the basis for decision making. The result showed that the collaboration of stakeholders in the salt supply chain system has the ability to increase farmers' revenue, especially when they sell a maximum of 20% of their products through cooperatives and the rest through middlemen. This means the existence of farmers as cooperative members has a positive impact as observed in the revenue increment. Therefore, it is recommended that cooperatives improve their functions and roles as providers of savings and loans and market seekers, determine the appropriate prices for salt, and improve the quality of the products produced by their members. Moreover, a collaboration between farmers is mutually beneficial and this means efforts should be made to ensure cooperation, especially for small farmers.
RNA-Seq Analysis of Activated PBMC Treated With LMWF5A Predicts an Anti-Inflammatory Mode of Action and Similar Drug Targets to Dexamethasone
Authors: Frederick Elizabeth D. , Hausburg Melissa A. , Thomas Gregory W. , Bar-Or David 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: The low molecular weight fraction of human serum albumin (LMWF5A) has immunomodulatory activity via its effects on multiple inflammatory mediators and is currently being evaluated for the treatment of hyperactive or persistent inflammatory conditions. To gain further insight into the mechanism of action (MOA) of LMWF5A, an investigation of its effects on activated immune cells was performed. Methods and Results: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were treated with vehicle control or LMWF5A and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS/interferon γ, or interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13, and RNAseq was performed to determine differentially expressed genes (DEGs) within each condition. Unbiased Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) of DEGs revealed anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving activities for LMWF5A. Moreover, comparison to all IPA upstream regulators predicted that the LMWF5A MOA is opposite to pro-inflammatory regulators and significantly matches the activity of several anti-inflammatory molecules. These analyses identified the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX) as the most significantly similar regulator to LMWF5A. To further explore similarities to DEX, LMWF5A DEGs were compared to two publicly available datasets of activated, DEX-treated PBMC. These comparisons showed continuity between predicted upstream regulators, affording further support to the hypothesis that LMWF5A acts in a manner like DEX. Nevertheless, not all LMWF5A-targeted DEGs showed directional regulation identical to DEX. Conclusions: This study further defines the MOA of LMWF5A and provides hypotheses for future investigations. Because of its predicted similar biological effects and known safety profile, LMWF5A could potentially be used to treat conditions that are supported for DEX with fewer or less harmful side effects.
Expression of Ethylene Biosynthetic Genes in the Gynoecium and Receptacle Associated With Sepal Abscission During Senescence in Delphinium Grandiflorum
Authors: Okamoto Mitsutoshi , Niki Tomoko , Azuma Mirai , Shibuya Kenichi , Ichimura Kazuo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Delphinium flowers are highly sensitive to ethylene and its sepals abscise during senescence, which is associated with increases in 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO) activities and ethylene production in gynoecium and receptacle. Three ACS genes (DgACS1, DgACS2, and DgACS3) and three ACO genes (DgACO1, DgACO2, and DgACO3) were cloned from Delphinium grandiflorum cv. Super Grand Blue. To investigate the contribution of these genes to ethylene production, their expression was analyzed in these genes in the gynoecium and receptacle during natural senescence and following ethylene exposure and pollination. Ethylene production in the gynoecium and receptacle increased during natural flower senescence. The transcript levels of the ACS and ACO genes in these organs, excluding DgACS2 in the receptacle, increased during senescence. Exposure to ethylene accelerated sepal abscission and more strongly increased ethylene production in the receptacle than in the gynoecium. DgACS1 transcript levels in the gynoecium and DgACS2 and DgACO3 transcript levels in the receptacle were increased by ethylene exposure. Pollination accelerated sepal abscission and increased ethylene production in the gynoecium and receptacle. Pollination slightly affected ACS and ACO transcript levels in the gynoecium, whereas DgACO3 transcript level in the receptacle were markedly increased. These results reveal that ACS and ACO gene expression is differently regulated in the gynoecium and receptacle, and some of these genes are more strongly upregulated by ethylene exposure and pollination in the receptacle than in the gynoecium, suggesting the significance of the receptacle to sepal abscission.
Key Gene Network Related to Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia in Hippocampus of Patients with Alzheimer’S Disease Revealed by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis
Authors: Xia Pengcheng , Chen Jing , Bai Xiaohui , Li Ming , Wang Le , Lu Zhiming 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is closely related to aging, showing an increasing incidence rate for years. As one of the main organs involved in AD, hippocampus has been extensively studied due to its association with many human diseases. However, little knowledge is known on its association with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). Material and Methods. The microarray data of hippocampus on AD were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to construct the co-expression network by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The gene network modules associated with AD screened with the common genes were further annotated based on Gene Ontology (GO) database and enriched based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed based on STRING database to identify the hub genes in the network. Results. Genes involved in PCD were identified in the hippocampus of AD patients. Functional analysis revealed that these genes were mainly enriched in ciliary tissue, ciliary assembly, axoneme assembly, ciliary movement, microtubule based process, microtubule based movement, organelle assembly, axoneme dynamin complex, cell projection tissue, and microtubule cytoskeleton tissue. A total of 20 central genes, e.g., DYNLRB2, ZMYND10, DRC1, DNAH5, WDR16, TTC25, and ARMC4 were identified as hub genes related to PCD in hippocampus of AD patients. Conclusion. Our study demonstrated that AD and PCD have shared metabolic pathways. These common pathways provide novel evidence for further investigation of the pathophysiological mechanism and the hub genes suggest new therapeutic targets for the diagnosis and treatment of AD and PCD. Subjects Bioinformatics, Cell Biology, Molecular Biology, Neurology
Violence against the person - criminal offenses against human dignity
Authors: Savinova Nataliia Andriivna 
Published: December 2021

The article proves the need to determine human dignity as a generic object of violence against a person. The article describes the state of the description of criminal offenses against human dignity under the Criminal Code of 2001 (as of 2021). According to the author, the author considers the presence of violence against a person to be an act of "crime against dignity" in the actions of the group "crime against dignity".
The article proves the need to determine human dignity as a generic object of violence against a person. The article describes the state of the description of criminal offenses against human dignity under the Criminal Code of 2001 (as of 2021). According to the author, the author considers the presence of violence against a person to be an act of "crime against dignity" in the actions of the group "crime against dignity".
In the content of the article, the author argues that crimes against human dignity include: all forms of domestic violence, discrimination, bullying and stalking. Under these conditions, the main unprecedented objects of these acts is the dignity of man in its psychological sense. It is this dignity that suffers in the case of abusive actions against the individual.
The author, however, does not combine the understanding of mental safety and human dignity, because he considers these phenomena not identical. This approach is due to the understanding of the understanding of human dignity as a unity of components: self-assessment of their own qualities, abilities, worldview, their behavior and social significance.
The text of the article provides proposals for the prospects of correct inclusion of such acts in the draft Criminal Code in the process of developing Section 4.5. "Crimes against personal freedom and human dignity."
β-Dihydroagarofuran-type Sesquiterpenoids from the Stems of Celastrus
orbiculatus with their Cytotoxic Activities
Authors: Hua Lin Yong , Zhang Bao Yan , Chen Zhi Chao , Wei Jian Feng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract:
A new β-dihydroagarofuran-type sesquiterpenoid named 1α,2α,5α,11-tetraacetoxy-8α-
(trans-p-coumaroyl)-β-dihydroagarofuran (1), together with five known compounds (2-6), was
isolated from the CHCl3-soluble extract of the stems of Celastrus orbiculatus. The structure of the
new compound was elucidated with spectroscopic physicochemical analyses. All isolates were
evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic activity against four human cancer lines, including HepG2, MCF-7,
A549, and HCT-116 cells. Among them, compounds 1 and 6 showed potent cytotoxic activities
against HepG2 cells with IC50 values of 8.78 ± 2.31 and 10.28 ± 1.15 μM, respectively. In addition,
compound 6 exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against HCT-116 cells with an IC50 value of
6.37 ± 2.52 μM.
Nucleophilic Approach to Cyanide Sensing by Chemosensors
Authors: Aydıner Burcu , Keleş Ergin , Seferoğlu Zeynel 
Published: December 2021

:
Cyanide anion has wide use in industrial areas; however, it has a high toxic effect on the environment as waste. Moreover, plant seeds contain cyanide that is often consumed by human be-ings. Therefore, many studies are carried out to determine cyanide. Especially, optical sensors show-ing colorimetric and fluorimetric changes have been of considerable interest due to their easy, cheap, and fast responses. This review discusses recent developments in the colorimetric and fluorimetric detection of cyanide by nucleophilic addition to different types of receptors via the chemodosimeter approach. The sensitivity and selectivity of the sensors have been reviewed for changes in absorp-tion and fluorescence, naked-eye detection, real sample application, and detection limits when inter-acting with cyanide.
Using Social Media to Engage Knowledge Users in Health Research Priority Setting: Scoping Review
Authors: Sivaratnam Surabhi , Hwang Kyobin , Chee-A-Tow Alyssandra , Ren Lily , Fang Geoffrey , Jibb Lindsay 
Published: December 2021

Background
The need to include individuals with lived experience (ie, patients, family members, caregivers, researchers, and clinicians) in health research priority setting is becoming increasingly recognized. Social media–based methods represent a means to elicit and prioritize the research interests of such individuals, but there remains sparse methodological guidance on how best to conduct these social media efforts and assess their effectiveness.

Objective
This review aims to identify social media strategies that enhance participation in priority-setting research, collate metrics assessing the effectiveness of social media campaigns, and summarize the benefits and limitations of social media–based research approaches, as well as recommendations for prospective campaigns.

Methods
We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science from database inception until September 2021. Two reviewers independently screened all titles and abstracts, as well as full texts for studies that implemented and evaluated social media strategies aimed at engaging knowledge users in research priority setting. We subsequently conducted a thematic analysis to aggregate study data by related codes and themes.

Results
A total of 23 papers reporting on 22 unique studies were included. These studies used Facebook, Twitter, Reddit, websites, video-calling platforms, emails, blogs, e-newsletters, and web-based forums to engage with health research stakeholders. Priority-setting engagement strategies included paid platform–based advertisements, email-embedded survey links, and question-and-answer forums. Dissemination techniques for priority-setting surveys included snowball sampling and the circulation of participation opportunities via internal members’ and external organizations’ social media platforms. Social media campaign effectiveness was directly assessed as number of clicks and impressions on posts, frequency of viewed posts, volume of comments and replies, number of times individuals searched for a campaign page, and number of times a hashtag was used. Campaign effectiveness was indirectly assessed as numbers of priority-setting survey responses and visits to external survey administration sites. Recommendations to enhance engagement included the use of social media group moderators, opportunities for peer-to-peer interaction, and the establishment of a consistent tone and brand.

Conclusions
Social media may increase the speed and reach of priority-setting participation opportunities leading to the development of research agendas informed by patients, family caregivers, clinicians, and researchers. Perceived limitations of the approach include underrepresentation of certain demographic groups and addressing such limitations will enhance the inclusion of diverse research priority opinions in future research agendas.
Pengaruh Penerapan Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Pair Checks Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Pertiwi 2 Padang
Authors: Maiendra Windi , Delyana Hafizah , Jufri Lucky Heriyanti 
Published: December 2021

The background of this research is that srudents’ mathematics learning outcomes are still low, students participate less and have not maximized their role in group learning. The purpose of the study was to determine the improvement of students’ mathematics learning outcomes by applying the pair checks type cooperative learning model to the VIII grade students of SMP Pertiwi 2. This type of researchis pre-experimental design research with research design one shoot case study. The population in this study were students class VIII SMP Pertiwi 2 Padang which consists of 2 classes retrieval technique. The sample was taken using purposive sampling, so that class VIII.1 was chosen SMP Pertiwi 2 Padang as a sample. The research instrument is the final test in the form of essays and reliability of questions = 0,86 with reliable criteria. Based on the calculation results, it was obtained that the percentage of learning outcomes obtained by students while using the pair checks type of cooperative learning model obtained t count = -2,5 = 2,5 (absolute value) and t table = 1,79 with the degree of truth (dk) = n-1, n = 12 then (dk) = 11 and a significant rate of 5% = 0,05. So is rejected because t count > t table. So it can be concluded that there is an increase in student learning outcomes by applying the pair checks cooperative learning model to class VIII students SMP Pertiwi 2 Padang.
The queen, but not the brood, drives early changes in brain gene expression in bumble bee workers
Authors: Santos Priscila , Starkey Jesse , Galbraith David , Amsalem Etya 
Published: December 2021

Worker reproduction in social insects is often regulated by the queen,
but can be regulated by the brood and nestmates, who may use different
mechanisms to induce the same outcomes in subordinates. Analysis of
brain gene expression patterns in bumble bee workers (Bombus
impatiens) in response to the presence of the queen, the brood, both or
neither, identified 18 differentially expressed genes, 17 of them are
regulated by the queen and none are regulated by the brood. Overall,
brain gene expression differences in workers were driven by the queen’s
presence, despite recent studies showing that brood reduces worker egg
laying and provides context to the queen pheromones. The queen affected
important regulators of reproduction and brood care across insects, such
as neuroparsin and vitellogenin, and a comparison with
similar datasets in the honey bee and the clonal raider ant revealed
that neuroparsin is differentially expressed in all species.
These data emphasize the prominent role of the queen in regulating
worker physiology and behavior. Genes that serve as key regulators of
workers’ reproduction are likely to play an important role in the
evolution of sociality.
Clinical features of adenocarcinoma of the cervix
Authors: N. V. Zelinska  , O. P. Peresunko  
Published: December 2021

The analysis of the clinical course of adenocarcinoma of the cervix in stages I-IV of 50 patients has been carried out. We have studied clinical symptoms, the nature of comorbidity, the features of anatomical structure, varieties of histological structure and disadvantages in the detection of tumors.
Indicators of the bronchial lability and hyperreactivity in children with bronchial asthma and exercise induced bronchoconstriction
Authors: Koloskova O. K. , Shahova O. O. , Bogutska N. K. 
Published: December 2021

The results of the analysis of the bronchial hyperreactivity indicators in 60 children suffering from asthma with exercise induced bronchoconstriction and without exercise induced bronchospasm are presented in the article. It has been established that higher bronchial lability was typical for children with asthma and exercise induced bronchoconstriction. The bronchial hypersensitivity to inhaled histamine in a concentration less than 0,4 mg/ml with 77 % specificity, 71 % post-test probability and significant odds ratio indicate a phenotype of childhood asthma with exercise induced bronchoconstriction.