bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defect-induced ferromagnetism in a S = 1/2 quasi-one-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain compound
Authors: Wang Zhe , Hu Lin , Lin Langsheng , Han Yuyan , Hao Ning , Xu Jingtao , Chen Qianwang , Qu Zhe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe present evidences that defects in the spin S = 1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain (HAFC) compound can lead to ferromagnetism by studying the magnetic and thermal properties of the newly discovered quasi-one-dimensional (1D) metal–organic framework [CH3NH3][Cu(HCOO)3] (MACuF). Our findings suggest that the long-range ferromagnetic order at 3.7 K can be attributed to Cu2+ ions from the 2D networks constructed by the endpoints of the broken chains. In such a case, the intrinsic magnetism can emerge in this quasi-1D Heisenberg chain system at the background of the short-range antiferromagnetism. This unusual ferromagnetism found in HAFC not only enriches magnetic features in the low-dimensional systems, but helps to understand some of the exotic magnetic phenomena in other real quasi-1D magnetic materials.
Prospective, comparative clinical pilot study of cold atmospheric plasma device in the treatment of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Kim Young Jae , Lim Dong Jun , Lee Mi Young , Lee Woo Jin , Chang Sung Eun , Won Chong Hyun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCold atmospheric plasma generates free radicals through the ionization of air at room temperature. Its effect and safety profile as a treatment modality for atopic dermatitis lesions have not been evaluated prospectively enough. We aimed to investigate the effect and safety of cold atmospheric plasma in patients with atopic dermatitis with a prospective pilot study. Cold atmospheric plasma treatment or sham control treatment were applied respectively in randomly assigned and symmetric skin lesions. Three treatment sessions were performed at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Clinical severity indices were assessed at weeks 0, 1, 2, and 4 after treatment. Additionally, the microbial characteristics of the lesions before and after treatments were analyzed. We included 22 patients with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis presented with symmetric lesions. We found that cold atmospheric plasma can alleviate the clinical severity of atopic dermatitis. Modified atopic dermatitis antecubital severity and eczema area and severity index score were significantly decreased in the treated group. Furthermore, scoring of atopic dermatitis score and pruritic visual analog scales significantly improved. Microbiome analysis revealed significantly reduced proportion of Staphylococcus aureus in the treated group. Cold atmospheric plasma can significantly improve mild and moderate atopic dermatitis without safety issues.
Dissipative Kerr solitons in a photonic dimer on both sides of exceptional point
Authors: Komagata K. , Tusnin A. , Riemensberger J. , Churaev M. , Guo H. , Tikan A. , Kippenberg T. J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractExceptional points are a ubiquitous concept widely present in driven-dissipative coupled systems described by a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. To date, exceptional points have been extensively examined in the systems supporting only a few optical modes, thereby leaving the observation of collective (multimode) effects outside of the scope of the study. In the present paper, we analyze the role of exceptional points in nonlinear multimode photonics. Specifically, we provide insights into the complex nonlinear dynamics arising in a continuous wave-driven pair of strongly coupled microresonators. Investigating this system, we demonstrate mechanisms of dissipative Kerr soliton formation in two fundamentally different regimes separated by a line of exceptional points. Highlighting the diversity of emergent nonlinear effects, we describe the on-demand generation of single-solitons, perfect soliton crystals and bright-dark soliton pairs on either side of exceptional points.
Determining breast cancer biomarker status and associated morphological features using deep learning
Authors: Gamble Paul , Jaroensri Ronnachai , Wang Hongwu , Tan Fraser , Moran Melissa , Brown Trissia , Flament-Auvigne Isabelle , Rakha Emad A. , Toss Michael , Dabbs David J. , Regitnig Peter , Olson Niels , Wren James H. , Robinson Carrie , Corrado Greg S. , Peng Lily H. , Liu Yun , Mermel Craig H. , Steiner David F. , Chen Po-Hsuan Cameron 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer management depends on biomarkers including estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ER/PR/HER2). Though existing scoring systems are widely used and well-validated, they can involve costly preparation and variable interpretation. Additionally, discordances between histology and expected biomarker findings can prompt repeat testing to address biological, interpretative, or technical reasons for unexpected results.

Methods
We developed three independent deep learning systems (DLS) to directly predict ER/PR/HER2 status for both focal tissue regions (patches) and slides using hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained (H&E) images as input. Models were trained and evaluated using pathologist annotated slides from three data sources. Areas under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUCs) were calculated for test sets at both a patch-level (>135 million patches, 181 slides) and slide-level (n = 3274 slides, 1249 cases, 37 sites). Interpretability analyses were performed using Testing with Concept Activation Vectors (TCAV), saliency analysis, and pathologist review of clustered patches.

Results
The patch-level AUCs are 0.939 (95%CI 0.936–0.941), 0.938 (0.936–0.940), and 0.808 (0.802–0.813) for ER/PR/HER2, respectively. At the slide level, AUCs are 0.86 (95%CI 0.84–0.87), 0.75 (0.73–0.77), and 0.60 (0.56–0.64) for ER/PR/HER2, respectively. Interpretability analyses show known biomarker-histomorphology associations including associations of low-grade and lobular histology with ER/PR positivity, and increased inflammatory infiltrates with triple-negative staining.

Conclusions
This study presents rapid breast cancer biomarker estimation from routine H&E slides and builds on prior advances by prioritizing interpretability of computationally learned features in the context of existing pathological knowledge.
Bending characteristics of radio frequency microelectromechanical system low‐pass filter based on flexible substrate
Authors: Han Lei , Wang Rui , Chen Lijun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to investigate the bending characteristics of a low‐pass RF MEMS (radio frequency microelectromechanical system) filter based on a flexible substrate. The proposed filter is achieved by complementary split ring resonator and MEMS bridge which are fabricated on a flexible LCP (liquid crystal polymer) substrate. The bending characteristics of the filter are revealed by theory, simulation and measurement. The experimental results demonstrate that the return loss of the filter deteriorates and the cut‐off frequency of the filter decreases with the curvature of the flexible substrate increasing. The cut‐off frequency is 38.5 GHz and the return loss is −22.7 dB at 10 GHz with the flat substrate. When the curvature of the substrate increases to 28.57 m–1, the cut‐off frequency decreases to 14.8 GHz, and the return loss deteriorates to −5.7 dB at 10 GHz.
Design and analysis of a novel spoke‐type motor to reduce the use of rare‐earth magnet materials
Authors: Seok Chang‐Hoon , Choi Hong‐Soon , Seo Jangho 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, a novel design for a tilted spoke‐type hybrid permanent magnet synchronous motor (TH‐PMSM) that uses two types of permanent magnet (PM) materials is proposed to reduce the consumption of rare‐earth PM materials. The key feature of this motor is securing space by tilting the permanent magnet, so that more PMs can be used in the limited rotor space. In addition, based on the centre axis of the rotor, the rare‐earth magnets are positioned deeper inside than ferrite PMs to maximise the torque density and reduce the leakage magnetic flux that occurs around the centre of the rotor. Moreover, unlike ordinary spoke‐type rotors, it is designed with an integral core like the rotor of the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM), so it is structurally safe even at high speeds. To ensure that the proposed motor is efficiently designed, the output torque, PM cost, cogging torque, and torque ripple were compared with those of the conventional rare‐earth PM motors with the same overall dimensions. The validity of the proposed motor was verified by the results of a finite element method simulation and experiments on the fabricated motor.
An improved self‐interference canceller for X‐band radar transceivers
Authors: Mahdi Mohammed , Darwish Mohammad , Tork Hossam , El‐Tager Ayman 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA study and analysis of an X‐band transceiver self‐interference cancelation system based on wideband 90° phase‐shifters are presented. The analysis introduces the conditions for perfect isolation and imbalance mitigation in the system. A high isolation, low path‐loss transmitter leakage canceller for single antenna frequency‐modulated continuous wave radar applications is developed and fabricated to validate the provided analysis. The canceller consists of two circulators, three Wilkinson combiners/dividers and three phase‐shifters. Practically, similar circulators have certain performance mismatches, which degrades conventional canceller performance. The proposed system uses a 90° phase‐shifter along with the Wilkinson to allow the tuning of the phase difference for each branch to compensate for circulators' mismatches. The proposed canceller is designed at a 10 GHz centre frequency. The measurement results show more than 40 dB isolation for 600 MHz bandwidth (9.6–10.2 GHz) with less than 1.7 and 1.4 dB transmitter and receiver path‐losses, respectively. The good agreement between measurements and simulations verifies the proposed system as well as the proposed analysis.
Microgrid‐based resilient distribution network planning for a new town
Authors: Mojtahedzadeh Shahram , Najafi Ravadanegh Sajad , Haghifam Mahmoud‐Reza 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNowadays, the deployment of micro‐grids (MGs) is one of the important trends in modern distribution network planning. Implementing this strategy aims to improve the ability of the distribution network to withstand extreme weather conditions and supplying critical loads. While the literature has focused chiefly on operating distribution systems and partitioning them into MGs, in this work, the idea of planning a new low voltage (LV) radial distribution system based on multi MGs for a greenfield is proposed. The main contribution is providing a framework to plan a resilient LV distribution system step by step for a new town without any operating grid. In the planning process, some MGs are formed and their service area and technical specifications like the number of MGs and their sizes are determined by a multi‐objective optimization algorithm considering hardening and resiliency issues. The planning is done in a way that all predefined critical loads will be supplied. To consider the effects of extreme weather conditions, failure rates of poles and conductors due to thunderstorms are considered as a function of wind speed, and their appropriate models are used. The provided method is implemented in a test case with three major scenarios. Accordingly, planning in normal conditions considering hardening options and resilient network planning cases are evaluated. Simulation results and resiliency metrics are compared in detail.
Dense false target jamming suppression for airborne superimposed stepped frequency radar
Authors: Chen Wei , Xie Wenchong , Zhang Zhaojian , Zeng Li , Wang Yongliang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTraditional space‐time adaptive processing (STAP) suffers from severe performance degradation in dense false target jamming scenarios, especially mainlobe deceptive jamming. To solve this problem, the superimposed stepped frequency (SSF) radar is explored and its ability in suppressing the mainlobe deceptive jamming is studied in this work. SSF radar can provide a controllable degree of freedom in range domain besides the traditional freedom in angle and Doppler domains, which can be used to distinguish true and false targets. Thus, the range cascaded STAP approach is proposed to suppress the deceptive jamming and the clutter. First, the true target and clutter are blocked in carrier frequency domain. Then, the jamming is attenuated by the adaptive filter in carrier frequency domain with the jamming covariance matrix being constructed by the blocked data. At last, the clutter can be suppressed by the cascaded STAP in the space‐time domain. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed radar framework and the processing approach in suppressing the clutter and jamming.
Characteristics of new permanent magnetic eddy current drive system of the scraper conveyor
Authors: Li Deyong , Wang Shuang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study provides a new permanent magnetic eddy current drive system to solve the energy‐saving drive problem of the scraper conveyor working under bad conditions, including overload startup, severe abrasion and pollution. Considering the practical conveying conditions of the scraper chain on a fully mechanised coal mining face, this study creates a mathematical model for the new permanent magnetic eddy current drive system of the scraper conveyor based on its characteristics and indicates the motion characteristics of the scraper chain driven by two wheels. This study verifies the model accuracy with a pre‐startup technology depending on the scraper conveyor on the No. 12318 working face of the 8th coal mine in the West No. 1 mining area of the Pansan Coal Mine of the Huainan Mining Group. According to the results, the motion acceleration of the scraper chain based on the new permanent magnetic eddy current drive is lower than that of the scraper chain with a hydraulic coupler under the same running and load during startup and acceleration and declines by approximately 14.7%. Consequently, this can decline the startup impact due to the serious abrasion and frequent overload of the scraper chain working under bad conditions.
Faint polarised sources in the Lockman Hole field at 1.4 GHz
Authors: Berger A. , Adebahr B. , Herrera Ruiz N. , Wright A. H. , Prandoni I. , Dettmar R.-J. 
Published: July 2021

Context. In the context of structure formation and galaxy evolution, the contribution of magnetic fields is not well understood. Feedback processes originating from active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity and star formation can be actively influenced by magnetic fields, depending on their strength and morphology. One of the best tracers of magnetic fields is polarised radio emission. Tracing this emission over a broad redshift range therefore allows an investigation of these fields and their evolution.
Aims. We aim to study the nature of the faint, polarised radio source population whose source composition and redshift dependence contain information about the strength, morphology, and evolution of magnetic fields over cosmic timescales.
Methods. We use a 15-pointing radio continuum L-band mosaic of the Lockman Hole, observed in full polarisation, generated from archival data of the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope. The data were analysed using the rotation measure synthesis technique. We achieved a noise of 7 μJy beam−1 in polarised intensity, with a resolution of 15″. Using infrared and optical images and source catalogues, we were able to cross-identify and determine redshifts for one-third of our detected polarised sources.
Results. We detected 150 polarised sources, most of which are weakly polarised with a mean fractional polarisation of 5.4%. No source was found with a fractional polarisation higher than 21%. With a total area of 6.5 deg2 and a detection threshold of 6.25σ, we find 23 polarised sources per deg2. Based on our multi-wavelength analysis, we find that our sample consists of AGN only. We find a discrepancy between archival number counts and those present in our data, which we attribute to sample variance (i.e. large-scale structures). Considering the absolute radio luminosity, we find a general trend of increased probability of detecting weak sources at low redshift and strong sources at high redshift. We attribute this trend to a selection bias. Further, we find an anti-correlation between fractional polarisation and redshift for our strong-source sample at z ≥ 0.6.
Conclusions. A decrease in the fractional polarisation of strong sources with increasing redshift cannot be explained by a constant magnetic field and electron density over cosmic scales; however, the changing properties of cluster environments over cosmic time may play an important role. Disentangling these two effects requires deeper and wider polarisation observations as well as better models of the morphology and strength of cosmic magnetic fields.
Multi-epoch properties of the warm absorber in the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 985
Authors: Ebrero J. , Domček V. , Kriss G. A. , Kaastra J. S. 
Published: July 2021

Context. NGC 985 was observed by XMM-Newton twice in 2015, revealing that the source was coming out from a soft X-ray obscuration event that took place in 2013. These kinds of events are possibly recurrent since a previous XMM-Newton archival observation in 2003 also showed signatures of partial obscuration.
Aims. We have analyzed the high-resolution X-ray spectra of NGC 985 obtained by the Reflection Grating Spectrometer onboard XMM-Newton in 2003, 2013, and 2015 in order to characterize the ionized absorbers superimposed to the continuum and to study their response as the ionizing flux varies.
Methods. The spectra were analyzed with the SPEX fitting package and the photoionization code CLOUDY.
Results. We found that up to four warm absorber (WA) components were present in the grating spectra of NGC 985, plus a mildy ionized (logξ ∼ 0.2−0.5) obscuring (NH ∼ 2 × 1022 cm−2) wind outflowing at ∼ − 6000 km s−1. The absorbers have a column density that ranges from ∼1021 to a few times 1022 cm−2, and ionization parameters ranging from logξ ∼ 1.6 to ∼2.9. The most ionized component is also the fastest, moving away at ∼ − 5100 km s−1, while the others outflow in two kinematic regimes, ∼ − 600 and ∼ − 350 km s−1. These components showed variability at different time scales in response to changes in the ionizing continuum. Assuming that these changes are due to photoionization and recombination mechanisms, we have obtained upper and lower limits on the density of the gas. We used these limits to pinpoint the location of the warm absorbers, finding that the closest two components are at parsec-scale distances, while the rest may extend up to tens of parsecs from the central source. With these constraints on the density and location, we found that the fastest, most ionized WA component accounts for the bulk of the kinetic luminosity injected back into the interstellar medium of the host galaxy, which is on the order of 0.8% of the bolometric luminosity of NGC 985. According to the models, this amount of kinetic energy per unit time would be sufficient to account for cosmic feedback.
Conclusions. Observations of the onset and conclusion of transient obscuring events in active galactic nuclei are a key tool to understand both the dynamics and physics of the gas in their innermost regions, and also to study the response of the surrounding gas as the ionizing continuum varies.
DEATHSTAR: nearby AGB stars with the Atacama Compact Array
Authors: Andriantsaralaza M. , Ramstedt S. , Vlemmings W. H. T. , Danilovich T. , De Beck E. , Groenewegen M. A. T. , Höfner S. , Kerschbaum F. , Khouri T. , Lindqvist M. , Maercker M. , Olofsson H. , Quintana-Lacaci G. , Saberi M. , Sahai R. , Zijlstra A. 
Published: July 2021

Aims. We aim to constrain the sizes of, and investigate deviations from spherical symmetry in, the CO circumstellar envelopes (CSEs) of 16 S-type stars, along with an additional 7 and 4 CSEs of C-type and M-type AGB stars, respectively.
Methods. We map the emission from the CO J = 2–1 and 3–2 lines observed with the Atacama Compact Array (ACA) and its total power (TP) antennas, and fit with a Gaussian distribution in the uv- and image planes for ACA-only and TP observations, respectively. The major axis of the fitted Gaussian for the CO(2–1) line data gives a first estimate of the size of the CO-line-emitting CSE. We investigate possible signs of deviation from spherical symmetry by analysing the line profiles and the minor-to-major axis ratio obtained from visibility fitting, and by investigating the deconvolved images.
Results. The sizes of the CO-line-emitting CSEs of low-mass-loss-rate (low-MLR) S-type stars fall between the sizes of the CSEs of C-stars, which are larger, and those of M-stars, which are smaller, as expected because of the differences in their respective CO abundances and the dependence of the photodissociation rate on this quantity. The sizes of the low-MLR S-type stars show no dependence on circumstellar density, as measured by the ratio of the MLR to terminal outflow velocity, irrespective of variability type. The density dependence steepens for S-stars with higher MLRs. While the CO(2–1) brightness distribution size of the low-density S-stars is in general smaller than the predicted photodissociation radius (assuming the standard interstellar radiation field), the measured size of a few of the high-density sources is of the same order as the expected photodissociation radius. Furthermore, our results show that the CO CSEs of most of the S-stars in our sample are consistent with a spherically symmetric and smooth outflow. For some of the sources, clear and prominent asymmetric features are observed which are indicative of intrinsic circumstellar anisotropy.
Conclusions. As the majority of the S-type CSEs of the stars in our sample are consistent with a spherical geometry, the CO envelope sizes obtained in this paper will be used to constrain detailed radiative transfer modelling to directly determine more accurate MLR estimates for the stars in our sample. For several of our sources that present signs of deviation from spherical symmetry, further high-resolution observations would be necessary to investigate the nature of, and the physical processes behind, these asymmetrical structures. This will provide further insight into the mass-loss process and its related chemistry in S-type AGB stars.