bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Connected Algebraic Groups Acting on three-dimensional Mori Fibrations
Authors: Blanc Jérémy , Fanelli Andrea , Terpereau Ronan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe study the connected algebraic groups acting on Mori fibrations $X \to Y$ with $X$ a rational threefold and $\textrm{dim}(Y) \geq 1$. More precisely, for these fibre spaces, we consider the neutral component of their automorphism groups and study their equivariant birational geometry. This is done using, inter alia, minimal model program and Sarkisov program and allows us to determine the maximal connected algebraic subgroups of $\textrm{Bir}(\mathbb{P}^3)$, recovering most of the classification results of Hiroshi Umemura in the complex case.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 RNAemia and Clinical Outcomes in Children With Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Mertz Cameron , Glowinski Rebecca , Cohen Shira H , Mertz Sara , Ye Fang , Hall Mark W , Peeples Mark E , King Tiffany , Wang Huanyu , Leber Amy L , Sanchez Pablo J , Ramilo Octavio , Mejias Asuncion 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The burden of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children represents a fraction of cases worldwide, yet a subset of those infected are at risk for severe disease. We measured plasma severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in a cohort of 103 children hospitalized with COVID-19 with diverse clinical manifestations. SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia was detected in 27 (26%) of these children, lasted for a median of 6 (interquartile range, 2–9) days, and was associated with higher rates of oxygen administration, admission to the intensive care unit, and longer hospitalization.
Manifestation of lattice topology data model for indoor navigation path based on the 3D building environment
Authors: Rahman Syed Ahmad Fadhli Syed Abdul , Maulud Khairul Nizam Abdul , Pradhan Biswajeet , Mustorpha Sharifah Nurul Ain Syed 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Navigation, also known as discovering one’s direction, is a complex human activity. To produce effective routes, it relies on knowledge of the surroundings’ precise geometry and semantic information. Complex geometrical data can be precisely delineated with the improvement of 3D geometric models. A precise 3D geometric model containing a specifically built-in Building Information Modelling (BIM) environment can be integrated into the Geographical Information System platform for indoor path generation to satisfy the requirements of indoor location-based services. Therefore, this paper proposes an approach to evaluate a 3D indoor topology network called a lattice topology data model (LTDM) for the floor-level paths in a 3D multipatch-based model. The LTDM requires the geometric information of the integrated BIM model to identify the indoor space and bounding lines for indoor network generation. The novelty of this study is in the application of the replacement of cell values into vector length for pathfinding through a combination of the Poincaré duality theorem and Dijkstra’s algorithm. The Campus Infrastructure Building model was chosen to validate the proposed method. Multiple space centroid pairs within the floor level were randomly selected to identify the shortest path using the LTDM principle. Paths drawn from the Medial Axis Transformation were compared with LTDM-generated paths for availability testing. The average floor-level path availability was 112% due to the generation of extra paths reflecting real-life situations. The LTDM paths were compared with on-site measurements for accuracy tests, and the average error rate was 3.18%. The results show that the implementation of the LTDM generates an excellent topology data network.
Metastases to the Pituitary Gland: Histological Patterns of Spread and Review of the Literature
Authors: Kleinschmidt-DeMasters B K 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Few studies have focused on histological patterns of metastatic spread to the pituitary gland. We review our experience and that in the literature, 1970–present. Departmental cases, 1998–2021, were assessed for anterior versus posterior gland and/or capsular involvement and cohesive tumor obliterating underlying pituitary architecture versus metastatic cells filling pituitary acini with relative acinar preservation. Eleven autopsy/15 surgical cases, including 2 metastases to pituitary adenomas, were identified. Cohesive/obliterative patterns predominated histologically in both surgical and autopsy cases, but acinar filling by metastatic cells was extensive in 3/26 cases, focal in 5/26, and had resulted in initial erroneous impressions of atypical pituitary adenoma/pituitary carcinoma in 1 case and pituitary adenoma with apoplexy in another, likely due to focusing on necrotic areas in the specimen where the acinar pattern had been broken down and not appreciating nearby areas with acinar filling by metastatic cells. Although most pituitary metastases produce readily identifiable cohesive/obliterative patterns, diagnostic challenges remain with the less frequently seen “acinar filling” pattern. A dichotomy exists between patients with symptomatic pituitary metastases occurring early in the disease course and requiring surgical excision versus patients in whom asymptomatic small pituitary metastases are found incidentally at autopsy, the latter almost invariably in late disease stages, with widely disseminated metastatic disease.
Prediction of liver Dmean for proton beam therapy using deep learning and contour-based data augmentation
Authors: Jampa-ngern Sira , Kobashi Keiji , Shimizu Shinichi , Takao Seishin , Nakazato Keiji , Shirato Hiroki 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The prediction of liver Dmean with 3-dimensional radiation treatment planning (3DRTP) is time consuming in the selection of proton beam therapy (PBT), and deep learning prediction generally requires large and tumor-specific databases. We developed a simple dose prediction tool (SDP) using deep learning and a novel contour-based data augmentation (CDA) approach and assessed its usability. We trained the SDP to predict the liver Dmean immediately. Five and two computed tomography (CT) data sets of actual patients with liver cancer were used for the training and validation. Data augmentation was performed by artificially embedding 199 contours of virtual clinical target volume (CTV) into CT images for each patient. The data sets of the CTVs and OARs are labeled with liver Dmean for six different treatment plans using two-dimensional calculations assuming all tissue densities as 1.0. The test of the validated model was performed using 10 unlabeled CT data sets of actual patients. Contouring only of the liver and CTV was required as input. The mean relative error (MRE), the mean percentage error (MPE) and regression coefficient between the planned and predicted Dmean was 0.1637, 6.6%, and 0.9455, respectively. The mean time required for the inference of liver Dmean of the six different treatment plans for a patient was 4.47±0.13 seconds. We conclude that the SDP is cost-effective and usable for gross estimation of liver Dmean in the clinic although the accuracy should be improved further if we need the accuracy of liver Dmean to be compatible with 3DRTP.
Optimizing Performance and Mental Skills With Mindfulness-Based Attention Training: Two Field Studies With Operational Units
Authors: Nassif Thomas H , Adrian Amanda L , Gutierrez Ian A , Dixon Alexis C , Rogers Scott L , Jha Amishi P , Adler Amy B 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionMental skills such as focusing attention and managing emotions are essential for optimal performance in high-stress occupations. Studies with military samples have demonstrated that mindfulness training (MT) led to improved computer-based cognitive performance.Materials and MethodsTo examine the impact of MT on operational performance, mental skills, and psychological health, a short-form program, Mindfulness-Based Attention Training (MBAT), was delivered to active duty soldiers as part of two randomized trials. Participants in study 1 (n = 121) and study 2 (n = 77) were randomized to one of three conditions: MT with proctored practice, MT with unproctored practice, or a waitlist control. Weekly 2-hour MBAT sessions were offered to participants in both MT conditions for 4 weeks. Beyond these sessions, participants also engaged in mindfulness practice that was proctored (within the occupational context) or unproctored (left up to the individual) for four subsequent weeks.ResultsOverall, the frequency of mindfulness practice was generally associated with better performance and improvements in mental skills. In study 1, those who practiced 3 or more days per week performed better on marksmanship under physical stress and reported fewer attentional lapses, less emotion regulation difficulties, greater mental toughness, and higher self-reported mindfulness compared to those who did not practice. In study 2, the frequency of mindfulness practice was associated with fewer attentional lapses and emotion regulation difficulties.ConclusionsConsistent with prior findings, results suggest that regular engagement in MT practice may help to optimize operational performance and improve mental skills in military cohorts.
Oral Health Status of New Zealand Defence Force Recruits
Authors: Naysmith k E , Foster Page L A , Tong D C , Thomson W M 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe demands of operational deployment mean that defense force personnel must be dentally fit. Although medical evacuation for dental causes should be avoided, dental emergencies are a major non-combat-related contributor to withdrawal from deployment. Information on the oral health status of recruits and officer cadets entering the New Zealand Defence Force (NZDF) is scarce, yet it is useful for service and workforce planning. We investigated oral health status and its associations in new recruits and officer cadets entering the NZDF over a 13-month period.Materials and MethodsThis study used data from recruits’ initial dental examination (including baseline forensic charting), posterior bitewing radiographs, orthopantomograph radiograph, and a socio-dental questionnaire. The impaction status of third molar teeth was evaluated. Ethical approval was obtained from the University of Otago Ethics Committee (reference number D18/200) and the NZDF Organisational Research Committee.ResultsOf the 874 (83%) of the 1,053 recruits (age range 17-59 years) who participated, one in five were Māori. Nearly two-thirds were Army recruits. Caries prevalence was almost 70%. Mean Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) (3.0 overall) was higher among females and Māori. Few teeth were missing due to caries. Third molars were common, seen in 745 (88.3%). One in four maxillary third molars (but only one in six mandibular ones) had fully erupted. The most common type of impaction among mandibular third molars was the mesioangular type, followed by vertical, horizontal, and distoangular. Almost 60% of recruits had one or more potentially problematic third molars. The prevalence was highest in the youngest age groups, those of medium or low socioeconomic status and in Army or Navy recruits.ConclusionsRecruits’ oral health was acceptable, but potentially problematic third molars were common, indicating a need for careful assessment (and their possible removal) before operational deployment.
DecoPath: a web application for decoding pathway enrichment analysis
Authors: Mubeen Sarah , Bharadhwaj Vinay S , Gadiya Yojana , Hofmann-Apitius Martin , Kodamullil Alpha T , Domingo-Fernández Daniel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe past decades have brought a steady growth of pathway databases and enrichment methods. However, the advent of pathway data has not been accompanied by an improvement in interoperability across databases, hampering the use of pathway knowledge from multiple databases for enrichment analysis. While integrative databases have attempted to address this issue, they often do not account for redundant information across resources. Furthermore, the majority of studies that employ pathway enrichment analysis still rely upon a single database or enrichment method, though the use of another could yield differing results. These shortcomings call for approaches that investigate the differences and agreements across databases and methods as their selection in the design of a pathway analysis can be a crucial step in ensuring the results of such an analysis are meaningful. Here we present DecoPath, a web application to assist in the interpretation of the results of pathway enrichment analysis. DecoPath provides an ecosystem to run enrichment analysis or directly upload results and facilitate the interpretation of results with custom visualizations that highlight the consensus and/or discrepancies at the pathway- and gene-levels. DecoPath is available at https://decopath.scai.fraunhofer.de, and its source code and documentation can be found on GitHub at https://github.com/DecoPath/DecoPath.
RapGreen, an interactive software and web package to explore and analyze phylogenetic trees
Authors: Dufayard Jean-François , Bocs Stéphanie , Guignon Valentin , Larivière Delphine , Louis Alexandra , Oubda Nicolas , Rouard Mathieu , Ruiz Manuel , de Lamotte Frédéric 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
RapGreen is a modular software package targeted at scientists handling large datasets for phylogenetic analysis. Its primary function is the graphical visualization and exploration of large trees. In addition, RapGreen offers a tree pattern search function to seek evolutionary scenarios among large collections of phylogenetic trees. Other functionalities include tree reconciliation with a given species tree: the detection of duplication or loss events during evolution and tree rooting. Last but not least, RapGreen features the ability to integrate heterogeneous data while visualizing and otherwise analyzing phylogenetic trees.
Safeguard measures and fresh produce trade: The case of US blueberry imports
Authors: Muhammad Andrew , Countryman Amanda M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Safeguard measures are used to limit excessive import growth and protect domestic producers from unfair import competition. The global safeguard investigation for blueberries highlights these concerns and raises questions about the relationship between imports, prices, and the well-being of US producers. Although the US International Trade Commission (USITC) ruled that imports have not caused serious injury to US blueberry producers, it was important to further examine this issue. In this study, we employ an inverse demand model and dynamic vector autoregressive procedure linking source-specific fresh blueberry imports from countries like Mexico and Chile to US blueberry prices. Our results mostly support the USITC ruling. Results indicate that declines in US prices are small when compared to the level of import growth. Impulse response functions indicate that import price shocks are not long-lasting.
Validity of the Alarm Point in Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring of the Spinal Cord by the Monitoring Working Group of the Japanese Society for Spine Surgery and Related Research
Authors: Takahashi Masahito , Imagama Shiro , Kobayashi Kazuyoshi , Yamada Kei , Yoshida Go , Yamamoto Naoya , Ando Muneharu , Kawabata Shigenori , Kanchiku Tsukasa , Fujiwara Yasushi , Taniguchi Shinichirou , Iwasaki Hiroshi , Wada Kanichiro , Shigematsu Hideki , Tadokoro Nobuaki , Ushirozako Hiroki , Funaba Masahiro , Yasuda Akimasa , Ando Kei , Hashimoto Jun , Morito Shinji , Takatani Tsunenori , Tani Toshikazu , Matsuyama Yukihiro 
Published: September 2021

Study Design.
Prospective multicenter cohort study.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to validate an alarm point of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring () formulated by the Monitoring Working Group (WG) of the Japanese Society for Spine Surgery and Related Research (JSSR).

Summary of Background Data.
The Monitoring WG of the JSSR formulated an alarm point of IONM using transcranial electrical stimulation-muscle motor evoked potentials (Tc(E)-MEPs) and has conducted a prospective multicenter study. The validity of the JSSR alarm point of ≥ 70% decreased in Tc(E)-MEPs for each high-risk surgery and any other spine surgeries has not been verified.

Methods.
Patients who underwent spine and spinal cord surgery with IONM in 16 Japanese spine centers in the Monitoring WG of the JSSR from 2017 to 2018 were enrolled. The patients were divided into the high-risk surgery group (Group HR) and the common surgery group (Group C). Group HR was defined by ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), spinal deformity, and spinal cord tumor. Group C was classified as other spine surgeries. The alarm point was defined as a ≥70% decrease in the Tc(E)-MEPs.

Results.
In Group HR, the sensitivity and specificity were 94.4% and 87.0%, respectively. In Group C, the sensitivity and specificity were 63.6% and 91.9%. The sensitivity in Group C was statistically lower than that in Group HR (P < 0.05). In Group HR, the sensitivity and specificity in OPLL were 100% and 86.9%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity in spinal deformity were 87.5% and 84.8%, respectively, and the sensitivity and specificity in spinal cord tumors were 92.9% and 89.9%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity in each high-risk surgery showed no significant difference.

Conclusion.
The alarm point of IONM by the Monitoring WG of the JSSR appeared to be valid for each disease in Group HR. Meanwhile, applying the JSSR alarm point for Group C potentially needed attention.

Level of Evidence: 3
Videolaryngoscopy vs. Direct Laryngoscopy for Elective Airway Management in Paediatric Anaesthesia
Authors: Klabusayová Eva , Klučka Jozef , Kosinová Martina , Ťoukálková Michaela , Štoudek Roman , Kratochvíl Milan , Mareček Lukáš , Svoboda Michal , Jabandžiev Petr , Urík Milan , Štourač Petr 
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND
The indirect visualisation of the glottic area with a videolaryngoscope could improve intubation conditions which may possibly lead to a higher success rate of the first intubation attempt.

OBJECTIVE
Comparison of videolaryngoscopy and direct laryngoscopy for elective airway management in paediatric patients.

DESIGN
Prospective randomised controlled trial.

SETTINGS
Operating room.

PARTICIPANTS
535 paediatric patients undergoing elective anaesthesia with tracheal intubation. 501 patients were included in the final analysis.

INTERVENTIONS
Patients were randomly allocated to the videolaryngoscopy group (n
= 265) and to the direct laryngoscopy group (n
= 269) for the primary airway management.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The first attempt intubation success rate was assessed as the primary outcome. The secondary outcomes were defined as: the time to successful intubation (time to the first EtCO2 wave), the overall intubation success rate, the number of intubation attempts, the incidence of complications, and the impact of the length of the operator's clinical practice.

RESULTS
The study was terminated after the planned interim analysis for futility. There were no significant demographic differences between the two groups. The first attempt intubation success rate was lower in the videolaryngoscopy group; 86.8% (n
= 211) vs. 92.6% (n
= 239), P = 0.046. The mean time to the first EtCO2 wave was longer in the videolaryngoscopy group at 39.0 s ± 36.7 compared to the direct laryngoscopy group, 23.6 s ± 24.7 (P < 0.001). There was no difference in the overall intubation success rate, in the incidence of complications nor significant difference based on the length of the clinical practice of the operator.

CONCLUSIONS
The first attempt intubation success rate was lower in the videolaryngoscopy group in comparison to the direct laryngoscopy group. The time needed for successful intubation with videolaryngoscopy was longer compared with direct laryngoscopy.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03747250
Agreement Analysis on Angle Characteristics With Automated Gonioscopy
Authors: Correia Barão Rafael , Cutolo Carlo , Tanito Masaki , Hommer Anton , Faschinger Christoph , Abegão Pinto Luís , Traverso Carlo 
Published: September 2021

Précis:
Automated gonioscopy is a recent method of recording angle pictures. Our study shows that agreement between observers is moderate in most categories used in clinical practice, underlying its clinical usefulness but also room for improvement.

Introduction:
Iridocorneal angle (ICA) imaging methods have been recently developed to record gonioscopic images. The purpose of this study was to perform an interrater agreement analysis of ICA photographs.

Methods:
Multicentric cross-sectional observational study. Consecutive patients in 2 ophthalmology departments underwent automated gonioscopy. One picture per quadrant from each eye was selected for randomization. Pictures were graded and analyzed by 4 masked glaucoma specialists regarding angle opening, width, Shaffer and Spaeth gradings and other findings. Fleiss’ κ statistics was performed to assess interrater agreement.

Results:
A total of 50 patients were recruited, with the sample containing a variety of diagnosis including pseudoexfoliation (22%), angle-closure suspect (12%), and pigmentary glaucoma (4%). The sample included phakic (68%) and pseudophakic patients, as well as cases with gonio-implanted surgical devices (10%). There was moderate agreement on angle opening, angle width, presence of angle vessels, and peripheral anterior synechiae (κ=0.435, 0.511, 0.558, 0.488, respectively; P<0.01). Fair agreement was observed regarding Shaffer grading, site of iris root insertion, angle pigmentation features, and the presence of iris processes. Expectedly from a 2-dimensional picture, the configuration of peripheral iris was found to have a poor agreement. Subset analysis on higher quality pictures seemed to improve agreement on pigment but did not further improve on the overall good agreement on angle opening status.

Conclusions:
Our study shows that automated gonioscopy provides moderate agreement on most clinically relevant features. Binary characteristics such as angle opening or PAS seem to be more robust than more complex angle classification parameters.
Olanzapine Reduction From High Dose to Standard Dose
Authors: Okeya Komugi , Misawa Fuminari , Fujii Yasuo , Takeuchi Hiroyoshi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Purpose/Background
Although high-dose olanzapine might be a treatment option in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia, it can be reduced to the standard dose after symptoms are stabilized. We examined the rate of olanzapine reduction from high to standard dose and whether this change was successful.

Methods/Procedures
We included patients who received high-dose olanzapine (>20 mg/d) for 4 weeks or longer at our hospital. First, we retrospectively followed the patients for 6 years and estimated the percentage of those whose olanzapine was reduced from high to standard dose. Second, we followed patients who received olanzapine reduction for 1 year and estimated the rate of success based on the study-defined criteria for unsuccessful reduction. We also explored factors associated with the dose reduction and successful results.

Findings/Results
Among 110 patients who received high-dose olanzapine treatment, 72 had their olanzapine dose reduced to the standard dose for 6 years; the duration of high-dose olanzapine treatment was significantly and negatively associated with a reduction in olanzapine (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.98–0.99). Among the patients whose olanzapine was reduced, 50 achieved successful reduction for 1 year. Among the reasons for the reduction, an unknown reason was significantly associated with successful reduction (hazard ratio, 4.93; 95% confidence interval, 1.55–22.8).

Implications/Conclusions
The findings suggest that high-dose olanzapine can be reduced to the standard dose after stabilization of symptoms in most patients with schizophrenia.