bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study the effect of insertion devices on electron beam properties by envelope method
Authors: Mashal A. , Kashani F.D. , Rahighi J. , Ahmadi E. , Marti Z. , Arranz O.J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The presence of the insertion devices (IDs) in a storage ring impacts the electron beam properties in different ways. Passing the electrons through the ID changes the betatron tunes, betatron amplitude function, and equilibrium parameters like emittance and energy spreads. The expression of equilibrium parameters in terms of radiation integrals is a common method for computing the effect of IDs on beam parameters. The effect of coupling is not included in the radiation integral method, so it is expected that in the case of using elliptically polarized undulators or modeling the real lattice with errors, this method could not express the beam parameters precisely. On the other hand, the equilibrium distribution of the electron beam and its related parameters could be determined directly by the envelope method. The envelope formalism is the most accurate method to compute the beam properties. In this study, we investigated the effect of IDs and lattice errors on beam parameters with both radiation integral and envelope methods. The results show that the envelope method could project the effect of magnetic imperfection and induced coupling from IDs on beam parameters.
An improved trigger for Askaryan radio detectors
Authors: Glaser C. , Barwick S.W. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
High-energy neutrinos with energies above a few 1016 eV can be measured efficiently with in-ice radio detectors which complement optical detectors such as IceCube at higher energies. Several pilot arrays explore the radio technology successfully in Antarctica. Because of the low flux and interaction cross-section of neutrinos it is vital to increase the sensitivity of the radio detector as much as possible. In this manuscript, different approaches to trigger on high-energy neutrinos are systematically studied and optimized. We find that the sensitivity can be improved substantially (by more than 50% between 1017 eV and 1018 eV) by simply restricting the bandwidth in the trigger to frequencies between 80 MHz and 200 MHz instead of the currently used 80 MHz to ∼ 1 GHz bandwidth. We also compare different trigger schemes that are currently being used (a simple amplitude threshold, a high/low threshold trigger and a power-integration trigger) and find that the scheme that performs best depends on the dispersion of the detector. These findings inform the detector design of future Askaryan detectors and can be used to increase the sensitivity to high-energy neutrinos significantly without any additional costs. The findings also apply to the phased array trigger concept.
Near future changes to rain-on-snow events in Norway
Authors: Mooney P A , Li L 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Rain-on-snow (ROS) events occur primarily in cold climates such as high latitudes and high elevations where they pose a considerable threat to nature and society. The frequency and intensity of ROS events are expected to change in the future, but little is known about how they will change in the near future (mid-century) and their link to hydrological extremes (e.g. 95% high flows). Here we use kilometre-scale regional climate simulations over Norway, a ROS ‘hot spot’, to determine potential changes in ROS frequency and intensity in the middle of the century under RCP8.5. Analysis shows that ROS will intensify in the future and ROS frequency will increase at high elevations and occur less frequently at lower elevations. Furthermore, high-flows that coincide with ROS events are expected to increase in winter and autumn. In general, this study shows that ROS changes in winter and autumn are related to changes in rain while ROS changes in spring and summer are related to changes in the snowpack. Since rainfall in Norway is dominated by large scale processes in autumn and winter (e.g. North Atlantic storm tracks), it is likely that future changes in ROS climatology in autumn and winter are related to changes in the large scale atmospheric system. This contrasts with spring and summer when local-scale processes drive snowmelt and hence future changes to ROS in those seasons.
From Imbert–Fedorov shift to topologically spin-dependent walking off for highly confining fiber-guided twisted light
Authors: Fang Liang , Wang Jian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Light–matter interaction at dielectric interfaces usually manifests as spin-dependent correction to light propagation, known as classical Imbert–Fedorov (IF) shift or photonic spin Hall effect, ruled by the general spin–orbit interaction (SOI) of light. Even though vector wave equations and strong SOI-based perturbation theory in a wave picture can offer good solutions to describe the modal dispersion in optical fibers, it is difficult for all these to provide an intuitive insight into the walking off for twisted (or vortex) light beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM). Here we present a new perspective to the topologically spin-dependent modal splitting for the twisted light highly confined in optical fibers based on the classical IF shift on geometric optics. We verify this topologically IF-shift-based walking off by comparing the analytical results of modal splitting degrees with the solutions of eigen equation, and associate the longitudinal projection of IF shift with an interesting resonance of fiber Bragg gratings locked by the signs of SAM or OAM. This interpretation provides an insight supplement to describe light ray propagating in optical fibers together with both longitudinal Goos–Hänchen and transverse IF shift under the total internal reflection, and may benefit the development of nanoscale fiber-based light on optically classical or quantum communication and metrology.
A method for the measurement of mass and number of graphene oxide sheets in suspension based on non-spherical approximations
Authors: Crica Livia Elena , Dennison Thomas James , Guerini Elise Andrea , Kostarelos Kostas 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Currently, particle analysis of 2D materials in suspension is commonly restricted to microscopic techniques in the dry state, and thus does not permit an accurate investigation of colloidal suspensions. Colloids in bulk can be assessed by light scattering and diffraction to investigate features such as their hydrodynamic size, charge and concentration. However, the main drawback of such techniques lies in the application of analytical and computational methods based on models assuming particle sphericity which are not representative for 2D materials. Resonance mass measurement (RMM) is a technique which can enable the analysis of 2D materials in suspension without the assumptions of spherical models. Here, we report the application of RMM to measure particle mass and concentration for three types of graphene oxide (GO) aqueous dispersions. Using micro- and nano-suspended resonating sensors, we were able to decipher gravimetric differences between GO and graphitic materials. Our results support the urge for proper definitions and standardisations of graphene based materials, and offer a new method of characterisation for 2D material colloids in liquid suspension.
Temporal and spatial assessment of gaseous elemental mercury concentrations and emissions at contaminated sites using active and passive measurements
Authors: McLagan David S , Osterwalder Stefan , Biester Harald 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) concentrations and emissions at legacy contaminated sites represent poorly characterised components of global mercury (Hg) inventories. Here we apply both active (Tekran 2537A) and passive (MerPAS) sampling methods to comprehensively assess GEM concentrations and emissions across four dimensions (three spatial, one temporal) at a legacy contaminated site with elevated soil Hg. Concentrations are measured up to 37.4 (active) and 10.8 (passive) ng m−3, which represents enhancements of 23× and 7× above background (1.62 ng m−3), respectively. Temporal resolution of the sampling methods defines this difference (active: 5-min; passive: 44 days). Diurnal (active) GEM concentration patterns were highest in contaminated areas at night when low wind speeds compress the boundary layer. Passive sampling substantially improves the spatial characterisation of GEM concentrations both horizontally (highest GEM concentration in areas with elevated soil Hg) and vertically (improved vertical concentration gradient using telescopic sampling towers). Passive sampler deployments were used to generate a GEM emissions estimate (landfill-to-atmosphere) of 1.2 ± 0.6 kg yr−1 (or 310 ± 150 ng m−2 h−1). This study demonstrates how combining active (strength: temporal assessment) and passive (strength: spatial assessments) sampling improves the evaluation of GEM concentrations and emissions to the atmosphere at Hg contaminated sites across four dimensions.
Religiosity and Mental Wellbeing Among Members of Majority and Minority Religions: Findings From Understanding Society: the UK Household Longitudinal Study
Authors: Aksoy Ozan , Bann David , Fluharty Meg E , Nandi Alita 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
It is unclear whether links between religiosity and mental health are found in contexts outside the United States or are causal. We examined differences in mental wellbeing and associations between mental wellbeing and religiosity among the religiously unaffiliated, White and non-White Christians, Muslims of Pakistani, Bangladeshi, and other ethnicities, and other minority ethnoreligious groups. We used 4 waves of Understanding Society: the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2009–2013; n = 50,922). We adjusted for potential confounders (including socioeconomic factors and personality) and for household fixed effects to account for household-level unobserved confounding factors. Compared with those with no religious affiliation, Pakistani and Bangladeshi Muslims and members of other minority religions had worse wellbeing (as measured using the Shortened Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale and General Health Questionnaire). Higher subjective importance of religion was associated with lower wellbeing according to the General Health Questionnaire; associations were not found with the Shortened Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale. More frequent religious service attendance was associated with higher wellbeing; effect sizes were larger for those with religious affiliations. These associations were only partially attenuated by adjustment for potential confounding factors, including household fixed effects. Religious service attendance and/or its secular alternatives may have a role in improving population-wide mental wellbeing.
The Separation of Powers in The Principles of Constitutionalism
Authors: Sales Philip 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Focusing on Barber’s account of the separation of powers, this essay questions the solidity of the foundations for the constitutional principles he articulates. It argues that his attempt at universalism and his account of the substantive content of the principles come apart. Barber’s attempt to ground universal principles in an account of the nature of the state is questionable, because that account is too thin. In making the conception of the state thick enough to ground the substantive content of his principles, Barber implicitly draws upon particularistic aspects of western liberal constitutional culture. Specific constitutional principles are inevitably grounded in particular legal and constitutional cultures. A primary object of a state is to maintain legitimacy as regards its citizens and an object of the institutions which comprise the state is to maintain legitimacy in the eyes of each other. In a complex and changing world there is no simple or single recipe for this.
Screening and characterization of a novel reversible 4-hydroxyisophthalic acid decarboxylase from Cystobasidium slooffiae HTK3
Authors: Aono Riku , Yoshihara Tomoya , Nishida Hotaka , Kino Kuniki 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Owing to carboxylation activity, reversible decarboxylases can use CO2 as a C1-building block to produce useful carboxylic acids. Although many reversible decarboxylases can synthesize aromatic monocarboxylic acids, only a few reversible decarboxylases have been reported to date that catalyze the synthesis of aromatic dicarboxylic acids. In the present study, a reversible 4-hydroxyisophthalic acid decarboxylase was identified in Cystobasidium slooffiae HTK3. Furthermore, recombinant 4-hydroxyisophthalic acid decarboxylase was prepared, characterized, and used for 4-hydroxyisophthalic acid production from 4-hydroxybenzoic acid.
TieBrush: an efficient method for aggregating and summarizing mapped reads across large datasets
Authors: Varabyou Ales , Pertea Geo , Pockrandt Christopher , Pertea Mihaela 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Summary
Although the ability to programmatically summarize and visually inspect sequencing data is an integral part of genome analysis, currently available methods are not capable of handling large numbers of samples. In particular, making a visual comparison of transcriptional landscapes between two sets of thousands of RNA-seq samples is limited by available computational resources, which can be overwhelmed due to the sheer size of the data. In this work, we present TieBrush, a software package designed to process very large sequencing datasets (RNA, whole-genome, exome, etc.) into a form that enables quick visual and computational inspection. TieBrush can also be used as a method for aggregating data for downstream computational analysis, and is compatible with most software tools that take aligned reads as input.

Availability and implementation
TieBrush is provided as a C++ package under the MIT License. Precompiled binaries, source code and example data are available on GitHub (https://github.com/alevar/tiebrush).

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Initial Validation of a Brief Attachment Measure in a Sample of High School Students
Authors: Yampolskaya Svetlana , Massey Oliver Tom , Walker-Egea Connie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Attachment to a caregiver is considered a major component of youth well-being, but currently few measures are available to assess attachment in youths. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Connection to Caregiver (CtC) instrument, a measure of connection to a caregiver similar to the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA). The study was driven by a need to assess connection to a caregiver and the appeal of creating a scale from an existing survey that allows a great deal of longitudinal research on already existing data. The psychometric properties of the new measure, which consists of a set of items used in the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being study, were examined among high school students. Confirmatory factor analysis of the three-factor model showed excellent fit. Concurrent validity of the CtC with the equivalent subscales of the IPPA and convergent validity of each of the scales with the depressive symptoms were good. The results suggest that the CtC instrument is a valid tool for use in research with adolescents.
Real-world performance and accuracy of stress echocardiography: the EVAREST observational multi-centre study
Authors: Woodward William , Dockerill Cameron , McCourt Annabelle , Upton Ross , O'Driscoll Jamie , Balkhausen Katrin , Chandrasekaran Badrinathan , Firoozan Soroosh , Kardos Attila , Wong Kenneth , Woodward Gary , Sarwar Rizwan , Sabharwal Nikant , Benedetto Elena , Spagou Nancy , Sharma Rajan , Augustine Daniel , Tsiachristas Apostolos , Senior Roxy , Leeson Paul ,   the EVAREST Investigators,   EVAREST Investigators, Boardman Henry , d’Arcy Joanna , Abraheem Abraheem , Banypersad Sanjay , Boos Christopher , Bulugahapitiya Sudantha , Butts Jeremy , Coles Duncan , Easaw Jacob , Hamdan Haytham , Jamil-Copley Shahnaz , Kanaganayagam Gajen , Mwambingu Tom , Pantazis Antonis , Papachristidis Alexandros , Rajani Ronak , Rasheed Muhammad Amer , Razvi Naveed A , Rekhraj Sushma , Ripley David P , Rose Kathleen , Scheuermann-Freestone Michaela , Schofield Rebecca , Sultan Ayyaz 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Aims
Stress echocardiography is widely used to identify obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). High accuracy is reported in expert hands but is dependent on operator training and image quality. The EVAREST study provides UK-wide data to evaluate real-world performance and accuracy of stress echocardiography.

Methods and results
Participants undergoing stress echocardiography for CAD were recruited from 31 hospitals. Participants were followed up through health records which underwent expert adjudication. Cardiac outcome was defined as anatomically or functionally significant stenosis on angiography, revascularization, medical management of ischaemia, acute coronary syndrome, or cardiac-related death within 6 months. A total of 5131 patients (55% male) participated with a median age of 65 years (interquartile range 57–74). 72.9% of studies used dobutamine and 68.5% were contrast studies. Inducible ischaemia was present in 19.3% of scans. Sensitivity and specificity for prediction of a cardiac outcome were 95.4% and 96.0%, respectively, with an accuracy of 95.9%. Sub-group analysis revealed high levels of predictive accuracy across a wide range of patient and protocol sub-groups, with the presence of a resting regional wall motion abnormalitiy significantly reducing the performance of both dobutamine (P &lt; 0.01) and exercise (P &lt; 0.05) stress echocardiography. Overall accuracy remained consistently high across all participating hospitals.

Conclusion
Stress echocardiography has high accuracy across UK-based hospitals and thus indicates stress echocardiography is being delivered effectively in real-world practice, reinforcing its role as a first-line investigation in the assessment of patients with stable chest pain.
Detection of intracellular histological abnormalities using cardiac magnetic resonance T1 mapping in patients with Danon disease: a case series
Authors: Suzuki Hideaki , Morita Yoshiaki , Saito Ryoko , Tatebe Shunsuke , Niihori Tetsuya , Saiki Yoshikatsu , Yasuda Satoshi , Shimokawa Hiroaki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundDanon disease is an X-linked dominant disorder with defects in the lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2) gene and is characterized histologically by intracellular autophagic vacuoles in skeletal and cardiac muscles. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) T1 mapping potentially allows to differentiate intracellular and extracellular cardiac abnormalities with a combination of native T1 value and extracellular volume (ECV) fraction.Case summaryWe assessed CMR T1 mapping in two Danon disease patients (a 22-year-old man and his 48-year-old mother), who had a LAMP2 c.864G&gt;A p. Val288Val mutation, and two blood relatives without Danon disease (his 47-year-old maternal aunt and 49-year-old father). The male patient underwent a left ventricular (LV) assist device implantation at 15 months after the image acquisition because he was inotrope dependent (INTERMACS profile 3) and had no noticeable psychological or musculoskeletal symptoms. His mother was in New York Heart Association Class II with mildly reduced LV ejection fraction (46%). The Danon group showed late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in the anterior and posterolateral LV walls. In the interventricular wall, where evident LGE was not noted, the Danon group had high native T1 value, compared with the T1 value in the non-Danon group, and normal ECV fraction. Cardiac biopsy from the interventricular wall showed intracytoplasmic autophagic vacuoles, which are characteristics of Danon disease.DiscussionThis characteristic pattern of high native T1 and normal ECV fraction in the areas without LGE, which may reflect the existence of intracytoplasmic autophagic vacuoles, may support the differential diagnosis of Danon disease from other cardiomyopathies.
Superior vena cava prosthetic replacement for non-small cell lung cancer: is it worthwhile?
Authors: Chenesseau Josephine , Mitilian Delphine , Sharma Gaurav , Mussot Sacha , Boulate David , Haulon Stephan , Fabre Dominique , Mercier Olaf , Fadel Elie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Direct involvement of the superior vena cava (SVC) by non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) requires en-bloc tumour resection with complete vascular clamping and prosthetic replacement. We report the outcomes of this highly demanding procedure in the largest patient cohort to date.

METHODS
We searched our institution’s database for patients who underwent complete en-bloc resection of NSCLC invading the SVC followed by prosthetic SVC replacement, between 1980 and 2018. Patients with cN2, cN3 or distant metastases were not eligible.

RESULTS
We identified 48 patients (38 males, 10 females; mean age of 57 years; tumour size, 1.9–17 cm). Neoadjuvant therapy was administered to 17 and adjuvant therapy to 31 patients. R0 resection was achieved in 41 (85%) patients; lymph node involvement was pN0 in 8, pN1 in 23, pN2 in 14 and pN3 in 3 patients. Five patients died within 30 days of surgery. Right pneumonectomy was significantly associated with postoperative death (P = 0.02). Postoperative complications developed in 13 other patients. No neurologic events related to SVC clamping occurred. Graft thrombosis developed in 2 patients. Median survival was 24 months; 3-, 5- and 10-year survival rates were 45%, 40% and 35%, respectively; and corresponding disease-free survival rates were 37%, 37% and 30%, respectively. By univariable analysis, only margin-free (R0) resection was associated with better survival (P = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS
In highly selected patients with NSCLC involving the SVC, mortality is acceptable after complete en-bloc resection and prosthetic replacement done in an expert centre. SVC involvement should not preclude consideration of curative resection in selected patients.
Early-to-midterm outcomes of aortic balloon occlusion technique versus hybrid procedure for aortic arch diseases
Authors: Liang Shenghua , Liu Yanxiang , Zhang Bowen , Guo Hongwei , Qian Xiangyang , Yu Cuntao , Sun Xiaogang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The goal of this study was to compare the early-to-midterm outcomes of patients treated with the frozen elephant trunk procedure with aortic balloon occlusion (FET-ABO) versus hybrid repair for aortic arch diseases.

METHODS
Patients who underwent the FET-ABO (n = 134) and the hybrid procedure (n = 220) from 2017 to 2020 at our institution were analysed retrospectively. Early-to-midterm outcomes were compared using inverse probability weighting. Low-risk and high-risk subgroup analyses were performed according to the cut-off of the additive European System for Cardiac Operative Evaluation value of 6.

RESULTS
The present study demonstrated similar 30-day mortality (3.7% vs 8.6%; P = 0.118) and adverse events between the FET-ABO and the hybrid groups. Fewer intraoperative red blood cell transfusions (0.54 ± 1.45 vs 1.26 ± 2.47 U; P = 0.001), decreased total hospital costs (P &lt; 0.001) and considerable early-to-midterm survival [crude: hazard ratio (HR) 0.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.17–0.91; P = 0.030; adjusted: HR 0.35, 95% CI 0.13–0.91; P = 0.032) were obtained with the FET-ABO compared to the hybrid procedure. The inverse probability weighting method substantiated the foregoing results. Adjusted subgroup analyses suggested that the FET-ABO procedure had a trend towards improved survival in low-risk patients (HR 0.17, 95% CI 0.03–0.93; P = 0.041) and achieved outcomes comparable to those of the hybrid procedure in high-risk patients (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.15–1.42; P = 0.176).

CONCLUSIONS
The FET-ABO technique could be better promoted in hospitals lacking experience and equipment and could be more viable and cost-effective for selected patients compared with the hybrid procedure.