bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photobiomodulation prevents PTSD-like memory impairments in rats
Authors: Li Yong , Dong Yan , Yang Luodan , Tucker Lorelei , Zong Xuemei , Brann Darrell , Hamblin Michael R. , Vazdarjanova Almira , Zhang Quanguang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA precise fear memory encoding a traumatic event enables an individual to avoid danger and identify safety. An impaired fear memory (contextual amnesia), however, puts the individual at risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) due to the inability to identify a safe context when encountering trauma-associated cues later in life. Although it is gaining attention that contextual amnesia is a critical etiologic factor for PTSD, there is no treatment currently available that can reverse contextual amnesia, and whether such treatment can prevent the development of PTSD is unknown. Here, we report that (I) a single dose of transcranial photobiomodulation (PBM) applied immediately after tone fear conditioning can reverse contextual amnesia. PBM treatment preserved an appropriately high level of contextual fear memory in rats revisiting the “dangerous” context, while control rats displayed memory impairment. (II) A single dose of PBM applied after memory recall can reduce contextual fear during both contextual and cued memory testing. (III) In a model of complex PTSD with repeated trauma, rats given early PBM interventions efficiently discriminated safety from danger during cued memory testing and, importantly, these rats did not develop PTSD-like symptoms and comorbidities. (IV) Finally, we report that fear extinction was facilitated when PBM was applied in the early intervention window of memory consolidation. Our results demonstrate that PBM treatment applied immediately after a traumatic event or its memory recall can protect contextual fear memory and prevent the development of PTSD-like psychopathological fear in rats.
Hippocampal PGC-1α-mediated positive effects on parvalbumin interneurons are required for the antidepressant effects of running exercise
Authors: Wang Jin , Tang Jing , Liang Xin , Luo Yanmin , Zhu Peilin , Li Yue , Xiao Kai , Jiang Lin , Yang Hao , Xie Yuhan , Zhang Lei , Deng Yuhui , Li Jing , Tang Yong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRunning exercise was shown to have a positive effect on depressive-like symptoms in many studies, but the underlying mechanism of running exercise in the treatment of depression has not been determined. Parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PV+ interneurons), a main subtype of GABA neurons, were shown to be decreased in the brain during the depression. PGC-1α, a molecule that is strongly related to running exercise, was shown to regulate PV+ interneurons. In the present study, we found that running exercise increased the expression of PGC-1α in the hippocampus of depressed mice. Adult male mice with PGC-1α gene silencing in the hippocampus ran on a treadmill for 4 weeks. Then, depression-like behavior was evaluated by the behavioral tests, and the PV+ interneurons in the hippocampus were investigated. We found that running exercise could not improve depressive-like symptoms or increase the gene expression of PV because of the lack of PGC-1α in the hippocampus. Moreover, a lack of PGC-1α in the hippocampus decreased the number and activity of PV+ interneurons in the CA3 subfield of the hippocampus, and running exercise could not reverse the pathological changes because of the lack of PGC-1α. The present study demonstrated that running exercise regulates PV+ interneurons through PGC-1α in the hippocampus of mice to reverse depressive-like behaviors. These data indicated that hippocampal PGC-1α-mediated positive effects on parvalbumin interneurons are required for the antidepressant actions of running exercise. Our results will help elucidate the antidepressant mechanism of running exercise and identify new targets for antidepressant treatment.
Searching for treatments for non-G12C-KRAS mutant cancers
Authors: Guo Christina , Banerji Udai 
Published: April 2021

SummaryKRAS mutations drive a wide variety of cancers. Drugs targeting the protein product of KRASG12C mutations are currently being evaluated show preliminary efficacy in clinical trials. A clinical trial of VS-6766, a dual RAF–MEK inhibitor, has reported early single agent activity in non-G12C mutated KRAS driven cancers.
Topological phase transition and single/multi anyon dynamics of Z2 spin liquid
Authors: Yan Zheng , Wang Yan-Cheng , Ma Nvsen , Qi Yang , Meng Zi Yang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAmong the quantum many-body models that host anyon excitation and topological orders, quantum dimer models (QDM) provide a suitable playground for studying the relation between single-anyon and multi-anyon continuum spectra. However, as the prototypical correlated system with local constraints, the generic solution of QDM at different lattice geometry and parameter regimes is still missing due to the lack of controlled methodologies. Here we obtain, via sweeping cluster quantum Monte Carlo algorithm, the excitation spectra in different phases of the triangular lattice QDM. Our results reveal the single vison excitations inside the Z2 quantum spin liquid (QSL) and its condensation towards the $$\sqrt{12}\times \sqrt{12}$$

12

×

12

valence bond solid (VBS), and demonstrate the translational symmetry fractionalization and emergent O(4) symmetry at the QSL-VBS transition. We find the single vison excitations, whose convolution qualitatively reproduces the dimer spectra, are not free but subject to interaction effects throughout the transition. The nature of the VBS with its O(4) order parameters are unearthed in full scope. Our approach opens the avenue for generic solution of the static and dynamic properties of QDMs and has relevance towards the realization and detection of fractional excitations in programmable quantum simulators.
Real-life medium term follow-up data for intravitreal dexamethasone implant in retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Wecker Thomas , Grundel Bastian , Grundel Milena , Bründer Marie-Christine , Trick Simon , Lange Clemens , Böhringer Daniel , Agostini Hansjürgen , Stahl Andreas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMacular edema (ME) is the most frequent vision threatening consequence after retinal vein occlusion (RVO). In this study, we evaluate the effect of dexamethasone intravitreal implants (DII, Ozurdex) in a real-life cohort of 99 patients with ME due to RVO. All patients who received DII for ME following RVO between 2011 and 2016 at the University Eye Hospital Freiburg, Germany and who had fully accessible electronic medical records were eligible for this study. Most of the patients included in this study were not treatment-naïve: 61 eyes had received prior anti-VEGF drugs, 6 eyes had received intravitreal corticosteroids (triamcinolone) and 15 had been treated with both; 17 eyes were treatment-naïve. Mean follow-up was 312 ± 310 days. Mean visual acuity (VA) was maintained throughout the observation period (mean VA at baseline: 66.7 ± 23.5 letters; at last observation 64.9 ± 28.3). Central retinal thickness (CRT) decreased from 526 ± 179 µm at baseline to 431 ± 199 µm. Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) increased from 14.4 ± 3.1 mmHg at baseline to 17.1 ± 6.3 mmHg. Cataract surgery was performed in 22% of phakic eyes. DII was used as second-line treatment in the majority of cases in this cohort. The fact that mean VA remained unchanged while mean CRT decreased illustrates that morphologic improvement does not always translate into functional gain. Mean IOP was maintained within normal limits and cataract formation was as expected in this age group.
Effort-dependent effects on uniform and diverse muscle activity features in skilled pitching
Authors: Hashimoto Tsubasa , Takiyama Ken , Miki Takeshi , Kobayashi Hirofumi , Nasu Daiki , Ijiri Tetsuya , Kuwata Masumi , Kashino Makio , Nakazawa Kimitaka 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHow do skilled players change their motion patterns depending on motion effort? Pitchers commonly accelerate wrist and elbow joint rotations via proximal joint motions. Contrastingly, they show individually different pitching motions, such as in wind-up or follow-through. Despite the generality of the uniform and diverse features, effort-dependent effects on these features are unclear. Here, we reveal the effort dependence based on muscle activity data in natural three-dimensional pitching performed by skilled players. We extract motor modules and their effort dependence from the muscle activity data via tensor decomposition. Then, we reveal the unknown relations among motor modules, common features, unique features, and effort dependence. The current study clarifies that common features are obvious in distinguishing between low and high effort and that unique features are evident in differentiating high and highest efforts.
Copper on chitosan-modified cellulose filter paper as an efficient dip catalyst for ATRP of MMA
Authors: Feiz Elham , Mahyari Mojtaba , Ghaieni Hamid Reza , Tavangar Saeed 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAchieving an efficient catalyst in the ATRP system with a simple design, preparation from available materials, and high recyclability is a significant challenging issue. To attain the goal, herein, we used chitosan (CS)-modified cellulose filter paper (FP) as a green support for the synthesis of dip catalyst. The preparation of this catalyst involved surface treatment of the FP strips by CS coating through a dipping method, which increased the affinity of the substrate for adsorbing copper ions in the next step. The Cu@CS-FP catalyst was prepared without the requirement of any ligands. The synthesized dip-catalyst, in the form of the strips, was employed for the first time in the ATRP reaction of methyl methacrylate to assay catalytic activity. Catalytic insertion/ removal (ON/OFF) experiments were carried out during the polymerization. A reasonable control over the molecular weight with high conversion (68%) and polydispersity index of 1.32 under mild reaction conditions were obtained. Significantly, because of the facile separation of the catalyst, the amount of copper that remained in the polymer was very low (2.7 ppm). Also, the recyclability of the catalyst was investigated for five runs. The conversion in the final run was 64% without a loss of catalyst efficiency.
Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)
Authors: Rhim Ha-Young , Won Sae-Yeon , Kashefiolasl Sepide , Brawanski Nina , Hattingen Elke , Berkefeld Joachim , Seifert Volker , Konczalla Juergen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPatient care in a neurointensive care unit (neuro-ICU) is challenging. Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are increasingly common in the routine clinical practice. We evaluated the impact of infection with MDROs on outcomes in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). A single-center retrospective analysis of SAH cases involving patients treated in the neuro-ICU was performed. The outcome was assessed 6 months after SAH using the modified Rankin Scale [mRS, favorable (0–2) and unfavorable (3–6)]. Data were compared by matched-pair analysis. Patient characteristics were well matched in the MDRO (n = 61) and control (n = 61) groups. In this center, one nurse was assigned to a two-bed room. If a MDRO was detected, the patient was isolated, and the nurse was assigned to the patient infected with the MDRO. In the MDRO group, 29 patients (48%) had a favorable outcome, while 25 patients (41%) in the control group had a favorable outcome; the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). Independent prognostic factors for unfavorable outcomes were worse status at admission (OR = 3.1), concomitant intracerebral hematoma (ICH) (OR = 3.7), and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) (OR = 6.8). Infection with MRDOs did not have a negative impact on the outcome in SAH patients. Slightly better outcomes were observed in SAH patients infected with MDROs, suggesting the benefit of individual care.
Plasma fetal bile acids 7α-hydroxy-3-oxochol-4-en-24-oic acid and 3-oxachola-4,6-dien-24-oic acid indicate severity of liver cirrhosis
Authors: Mocan Tudor , Kang Dong Wook , Molloy Billy J. , Jeon Hyeonho , Spârchez Zeno A. , Beyoğlu Diren , Idle Jeffrey R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTwo 3-oxo-Δ4 fetal bile acids, 3-oxachola-4,6-dien-24-oic acid (1) and 7α-hydroxy-3-oxochol-4-en-24-oic acid (2), occur normally in the human fetus but remain elevated in neonates and children with severe cholestatic liver disease due to an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism affecting Δ4-3-oxo-steroid 5β-reductase (AKR1D1). Relatively little is known about 1 and 2 in adult patients with liver disease. The chemical synthesis of 1 and 2 is therefore described and their quantitation in plasma by ultrarapid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Plasma concentrations of 1 and 2 were investigated in 25 adult patients with varying degrees of liver cirrhosis with and without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Highly statistically significant correlations (P < 0.0001) were found between severity of liver cirrhosis, determined by the Child–Pugh and MELD scores, with plasma 1 and 2 concentrations, both alone and combined. The presence of HCC did not influence these correlations. Plasma cholic, chenodeoxycholic, deoxycholic, lithocholic or ursodeoxycholic acids, free and as their glycine or taurine conjugates, did not correlate with Child–Pugh or MELD score when corrected for multiple comparisons. These findings demonstrate that plasma levels of fetal bile acids 3-oxachola-4,6-dien-24-oic acid and 7α-hydroxy-3-oxochol-4-en-24-oic acid and likely deteriorating AKR1D1 activity indicate the severity of liver cirrhosis measured by the Child–Pugh and MELD scores.
Spontaneous PT-symmetry breaking in lasing dynamics
Authors: Yu Deshui , Vollmer Frank 
Published: April 2021

AbstractParity-time (PT) symmetric lasers exploit the modulation of optical gain and loss and have led to important fundamental demonstrations in non-Hermitian physics. The current theoretical analysis of PT-symmetric laser physics is performed on the basis of the adiabatic elimination of the medium polarization. This approximation doesn’t hold true for a more general optical system with strong photon-particle interactions, where the Rabi oscillation of active particles plays a non-negligible role in the lasing action. Here, we propose a model that takes into account the internal dynamics of active particles and numerically investigate the PT symmetry of macroscopic- and microscopic-sized laser systems that operate in the strong-coupling regime. The distinct phase diagrams are drawn according to the features of intracavity photon numbers and emission spectra. Our work extends the PT-symmetric optics from the weak- to the strong-coupling limit, potentially paving the way towards nonclassical PT-symmetric light sources for integrated photonic networks and ultrasensitive sensors.
First-passage times to quantify and compare structural correlations and heterogeneity in complex systems
Authors: Bassolas Aleix , Nicosia Vincenzo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractVirtually all the emergent properties of complex systems are rooted in the non-homogeneous nature of the behaviours of their elements and of the interactions among them. However, heterogeneity and correlations appear simultaneously at multiple relevant scales, making it hard to devise a systematic approach to quantify them. We develop here a scalable and non-parametric framework to characterise the presence of heterogeneity and correlations in a complex system, based on normalised mean first passage times between preassigned classes of nodes. We showcase a variety of concrete applications, including the quantification of polarisation in the UK Brexit referendum and the roll-call votes in the US Congress, the identification of key players in disease spreading, and the comparison of spatial segregation of US cities. These results show that the diffusion structure of a system is indeed a defining aspect of the complexity of its organisation and functioning.
Barrieren der Antragstellung in der Onkologischen Rehabilitation: Eine bundesweite Expertenstudie
Authors: Weis Joachim , Dresch Carolin , Bartsch Hans Helge , Kurlemann Ulrich , Maiwald Phillip , Rademaker Anna Lena , Valentini Jan , Joos Stefanie , Heidt Vitali 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Aus Perspektive verschiedener Expertengruppen, die in der Versorgung onkologisch Erkrankter tätig sind, werden Barrieren bei der Antragstellung zu onkologischen Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen identifiziert. Darauf aufbauend werden Handlungsempfehlungen zur Optimierung abgeleitet. Die Studie wurde von der Deutschen Rentenversicherung Bund (DRV) gefördert.
Methodik Auf Basis einer Interviewstudie (N=61) wurde ein Fragebogeninstrument mit 55 Items zu möglichen Barrieren im Antragstellungsprozess konzipiert und online eingesetzt. Teilnehmer mit mehr als 33% fehlenden Werten wurden von den Analysen ausgeschlossen. Mittelwertanalysen wurden zur Identifikation der bedeutsamsten Relevanz angewendet. Um übergeordnete Dimensionen zu identifizieren, wurde eine exploratorische Faktorenanalyse durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 606 Experten aus dem onkologischen Bereich in die Auswertung eingeschlossen. Darunter waren 249 Ärzte, 194 Sozialarbeiter, 105 Pflegefachkräfte / Medizinische Fachangestellte, 55 Psychologen / Psychoonkologen und 3 sonstige Berufsgruppen. Die befragten Experten waren im Mittel 51 Jahre alt (SD=10,4) und seit 17 Jahren (SD=9,8) im onkologischen Bereich tätig. Die Barrieren konnten folgenden 7 faktoranalytisch bestimmten Inhaltsbereichen zugeordnet werden: Krankheitsverarbeitung, Antragsverfahren, Rehafähigkeit, Koordination, soziale Verpflichtungen, Patientenwünsche und Stellenwert der Reha. Die Experten gaben an, dass insbesondere der Wunsch des Patienten nach Normalität, die zu starre Frist für die Anschlussrehabilitation (AHB) und das für Patienten mit Migrationshintergrund schlecht verständliche Antragsverfahren einer Antragstellung entgegenstehen kann. Außerdem wurde darauf hingewiesen, dass die Vermittlung von multimorbiden Patienten in die Rehabilitationseinrichtungen schwierig sei.
Schlussfolgerung Aus der Expertenstudie können folgende Handlungsempfehlungen für einen erleichterten Rehabilitationszugang abgeleitet werden: Optimierung der Koordination zwischen verschiedenen Expertengruppen; Einrichtungen und mit den Kostenträgern, Flexibilisierung der AHB-Frist, Vereinfachung der Antragstellung, Bereitstellung von Anträgen / Informationsmaterialien in weiteren Sprachen, Ausrichtung der Reha-Kliniken auf spezifische Patientengruppen.
Thoracic Trauma: Aortic Injuries
Authors: Monga Akhil , Patil Santosh B. , Cherian Mathew , Poyyamoli Santhosh , Mehta Pankaj 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThoracic aortic injuries caused by high impact trauma are life-threatening and require emergent diagnosis and management. With improvement in the acute care services, an increasing number of such injuries are being managed such that patients survive to undergo definitive therapies. A high index of clinical suspicion is required to order appropriate imaging. Computed tomography angiography is used to classify the injuries and guide treatment strategy. While low-grade injuries might be managed conservatively, high-grade injuries require urgent surgical or endovascular intervention. Over the past decade, endovascular repair of the thoracic aorta with or without a surgical bypass has become the preferred treatment with reduced mortality and morbidity. Rapid advancements in the stent graft technology have reduced the anatomic barriers to endovascular therapy and increased the confidence of the operators. Detailed planning prior to the procedure, understanding of the anatomy, correct choice of hardware, and adherence to technical protocol are essential for a successful endovascular procedure. These patients are often young and the limited data on the long-term outcome of aortic stent grafts make a case for a robust follow-up protocol.
Splenic Artery Embolization for Patients with High-Grade Splenic Trauma: Indications, Techniques, and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Habash Majd , Ceballos Darrel , Gunn Andrew J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe spleen is the most commonly injured organ in blunt abdominal trauma. Patients who are hemodynamically unstable due to splenic trauma undergo definitive operative management. Interventional radiology plays an important role in the multidisciplinary management of the hemodynamically stable trauma patient with splenic injury. Hemodynamically stable patients selected for nonoperative management have improved clinical outcomes when splenic artery embolization is utilized. The purpose of this article is to review the indications, technical aspects, and clinical outcomes of splenic artery embolization for patients with high-grade splenic injuries.
Embolization in Trauma: Review of Basic Principles and Techniques
Authors: Lopera Jorge E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTrauma is the leading cause of death in patients younger than 45 years. Over the last decade, there has been a progressive paradigm shift toward a nonoperative management of many blunt and penetrating injuries, placing interventional radiology in the forefront in this critical field. Transcatheter embolization is an established technique that plays a significant role in the modern treatment of traumatic injuries of the extremities, pelvis, and solid organs. The purpose of this article is to review the updated principles and techniques used in transcatheter embolization in trauma.
Does the human microbiome tell us something about race?
Authors: Nieves Delgado Abigail , Baedke Jan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper critically discusses the increasing trend in human microbiome research to draw on the concept of race. This refers to the attempt to investigate the microbial profile of certain social and ethnic groups as embodied racial traits. Here, race is treated as a necessary category that helps in identifying and solving health challenges, like obesity and type-2 diabetes, in ‘western’ or indigenous populations with particular microbial characteristics. We are skeptical of this new environmentalist trend to racialize human bodies due to two reasons: (i) These race studies repeat outdated historical narratives, which link especially nutrition and race in ways that are prone to stir stereotypical and exclusionary views on indigenous groups. (ii) The concept of biological race used here is taxonomically problematic and conceptually inconsistent. It leads to a view in which human races are constituted by other non-human species. In addition, this approach cannot group biological individuals into human races and decouples races from ancestry. To support this critique, we draw on case studies of microbiome research on indigenous groups in Latin America.