bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitude of Health Care Professionals Toward Patients With Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Mahmoud Dalia A.M. , El Shiekh Mona M. , Kirolos Amira R. , El Hawary Yomna A. 
Published: May 2021

Objectives:
Substance use disorder (SUD) is a chronic relapsing disease with multiple general health and behavior deterioration making it vulnerable to discrimination. As health care professionals play a crucial role in the identification and feasibility of access to treatment of such patients, negative attitudes can reduce the quality of the medical service provided. The purpose of our study is to measure and compare stigma variables toward SUDs among different professions of the health care staff.

Patients and Methods:
In all, 300 participants were enrolled in the study distributed equally into physicians from different specialties, nurses, clerical work employees, manual workers, and early career medical interns. A predesigned semistructured sheet was used to screen the occupation, previous contact SUD cases, family history of substance use problems; they also answered the general health questionnaire, and 4 scales concerning the attitude toward addicts including the level of familiarity, perceived dangerousness, and fear, social distance scales.

Results:
Women showed higher perceived dangerousness and desired social distance from polysubstance use disorder than men. Social distance was significantly more away from polysubstance in staff below the age of 30 years, and from alcohol in the group above 30 years. The level of familiarity with and a desired social distance away from polysubstance abuse among physicians were significant. There was a highly significant fear of benzodiazepine, tramadol, and polysubstance among physicians. Perceived dangerousness for polysubstance among physicians was significantly evident as well as for alcohol among manual workers, for benzodiazepine among house officers, and for heroin among clerical workers.

Conclusion:
Stigma of medical field professionals toward patients with SUDs is common and may contribute to underqualified health care service for these patients, which mandates dissemination of model educational programs starting from college medical curricula to postgraduate ones.
Out of the shadow of interleukin-17A: the role of interleukin-17F and other interleukin-17 family cytokines in spondyloarthritis
Authors: Yeremenko Nataliya 
Published: May 2021

Purpose of review
The last decade has witnessed tremendous advances in revealing an important role for the interleukin (IL)-17 cytokine family in the pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis (SpA). Although most attention has been focused on IL-17A, a potential role of other IL-17 family members in inflammation and tissue remodelling is emerging. Herein, I review recent studies covering the role of IL-17B-F cytokines in the pathogenesis of SpA.

Recent findings
Several recent studies provided new insights into the cellular source, regulation and function of IL-17F. IL-17F/IL-17A expression ratio is higher in psoriatic skin compared to SpA synovitis. IL-17F-expressing T cells produce different proinflammatory mediators than IL-17A-expressing cells, and IL-17F and IL-17A signal through different receptor complex. Dual IL-17A and IL-17F neutralization resulted in greater suppression of downstream inflammatory and tissue remodelling responses. Furthermore, there is additional evidence of IL-23-independent IL-17 production. In contrast to IL-17A, IL-17F and IL-17C, which play proinflammatory roles in skin and joint inflammation, an anti-inflammatory function is proposed for IL-17D. An increase in IL-17E is associated with subclinical gut microbiome alterations after anti-IL-17A therapy in SpA patients.

Summary
IL-17 family cytokines may act as agonists or antagonists to IL-17A contributing in concert to local inflammatory responses. Understanding their function and identifying their cellular sources, and molecular mechanisms driving their expression will be the key to designing rational therapies in SpA.
A Novel Fluoroscopic Method for Assessing Rotational Malalignment of the Tibia
Authors: Roberts Michael S. , Haimes Mark A. , Vacek Pamela , Blankstein Michael , Schottel Patrick C. 
Published: May 2021

Objective:
To evaluate the accuracy and reliability of a novel fluoroscopic technique for assessing tibial rotation and compare it with a previously described fluoroscopic method.

Methods:
A multiplanar circular ring external fixator was secured to the tibial diaphysis of 5 cadaveric lower extremity specimens. Using deformity correction software, the frame and tibia were programed to randomly rotate 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 degrees of internal and external rotation. After each rotation, 2 blinded, independent observers measured the degree of tibial rotation using 2 different fluoroscopic methods: the previously described “mortise” method and the novel “intermalleolar” method. A total of 65 measurements were made by each observer. Accuracy and interobserver reliability were calculated.

Results:
Both intermalleolar and mortise methods had a mean absolute rotational difference from the true torsion of 3 degrees (standard error 1; range, 0–10 degrees intermalleolar vs. 0–18 degrees mortise). We found that 98.5% (128/130) of measurements using the intermalleolar method were less than 10 degrees from the true rotation compared with 93.8% (122/130) using the mortise method. Both the intermalleolar and the mortise methods had excellent interobserver reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.99 and 0.96, respectively).

Conclusion:
Measuring tibial rotation fluoroscopically using the intermalleolar method is both accurate and reliable. Compared with the previously described mortise method, it has similar accuracy and provides a value that approximates the true tibial rotation. Also, it can be used reliably and effectively intraoperatively to identify tibial malrotation and assist in intraoperative rotational corrections.
Term Birth Weight and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes
Authors: Cortese Marianna , Moster Dag , Wilcox Allen J. 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Preterm birth is an important risk factor for neurodevelopmental disabilities. The vast majority of these disabilities occur, however, among term births. The role of fetal growth restriction specifically among term babies has been incompletely described.

Methods:
We conducted a population-based study of term birth weight and its link to a range of neurodevelopmental outcomes using Norwegian health registries. To remove the influence of preterm birth, we restricted our analyses to 1.8 million singleton babies born during a narrow range of term gestational age (39–41 weeks). Babies with malformations were excluded. We adjusted analyses simply for year of birth, as further adjustments for sex, parity, maternal age, smoking, marital status, immigrant status, and parental education had trivial influence. An additional sibling analysis controlled for unmeasured family-based confounding.

Results:
The risk of neurodevelopmental disabilities at term steadily increased at birth weights lower than 3.5 kg. Using the category of 3.5–3.9 kg as the reference, the odds reached 25-fold for cerebral palsy at the smallest weights (95% confidence interval 8.0, 79), 16-fold for vision/hearing disability (4.0, 65), 11-fold for intellectual impairment (6.9, 17), 7-fold for schizophrenia (1.0, 50), 5.4-fold for epilepsy (2.6, 12), and 3.5-fold for autism spectrum (1.3, 9.4) and behavioral disorders including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (2.1, 5.4). Associations remained robust with sibling controls.

Conclusions:
Reduced fetal growth is a powerful predictor of a wide variety of neurodevelopmental disabilities independent of preterm delivery.
Efficacy and airway complications of Parker Flex-Tip tubes and standard endotracheal tubes during airway manipulation
Authors: Hung Kuo-Chuan , Chen Jen-Yin , Feng I-Jung , Chiang Min-Hsien , Wu Shao-Chun , Chen I-Wen , Lin Yao-Tsung , Chang Ying-Jen , Wu Zhi-Fu , Lu Hsiao-Feng , Sun Cheuk-Kwan 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND
Despite reported superior intubation outcomes associated with Parker Flex-Tip (PFT) tubes compared with those associated with standard polyvinylchloride tubes, the efficacy and safety of PFT tubes remain uncertain.

OBJECTIVES
To compare the intubation outcomes between PFT and conventional standard polyvinylchloride tubes.

DESIGN
Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

DATA SOURCES
Embase, Medline, Google Scholar, PubMed and the Cochrane controlled trials register from inception until 3 January 2021.

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
All randomised trials comparing intubation outcomes between PFT (PFT group) and standard polyvinylchloride (standard polyvinylchloride group) tubes.

RESULTS
Analysis of the 13 eligible trials showed no significant difference in successful first-attempt intubation rate [risk ratio (RR) 1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.99 to 1.44] (6 trials, 568 participants), trauma risk (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.03) (5 trials, 501 participants) as well as the overall risks of epistaxis (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.26 to 1.31) (3 trials, 262 participants), sore throat (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.17) (4 trials, 451 participants) and hoarseness (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.44 to 1.14) (4 trials, 451 participants) between the two groups. However, the intubation time was slightly shorter (weighted mean difference −4.2 s, 95% CI −7.4 to −1.0 s) (8 trials, 759 participants) and the risks of severe epistaxis (RR 0.15, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.84) (3 trials, 262 participants) and overall difficulty in airway manipulation (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.80) (8 trials, 647 participants) were lower in the PFT group than those in the standard polyvinylchloride group. Trial sequential analysis conclusively confirmed a shorter intubation time with PFT tubes than with standard polyvinylchloride tubes, whereas other intubation outcomes were inconclusive.

CONCLUSION
The use of PFT tubes for airway manipulation was associated with a shorter intubation time compared with the standard polyvinylchloride tubes. The results of trial sequential analysis suggest the need for further trials and meta-analysis to compare other intubation outcomes associated with the two devices.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO CRD42020197670.
Submuscular Gluteal Augmentation and Lipoplasty for Buttock Beautification
Authors: Aytaç Selçuk 
Published: May 2021

Background:
The number of gluteal augmentation procedures with implants has increased in the last years. However, due to high complication rates related to the placement of the implants, surgeons have started to avoid using implants. The objective of the present study was to describe the details of the submuscular gluteal augmentation technique together with lipoplasty techniques and to increase the prevalence of its use.

Methods:
All methods are complementary to each other rather than being superior to each other. That is why the author has used submuscular gluteal augmentation with implant technique and lipoplasty together during the surgeries. The complication rates are lower with this easy-to-learn technique described in this article. Eighty-six patients aged 20–46 underwent surgery. The follow-up period was 6–24 months. The implants used consisted of round cohesive silicone, with the most commonly used size being 330 cm3. The average volume of infiltrated fat was 514 cm3.

Results:
The sciatic nerve is well protected by the surrounding anatomical structures, indicating that submuscular technique can be used safely. Partial wound dehiscence was noted in 1 patient, implant malposition in 5 patients, and seroma in 2 patients. All patients reported that they are highly satisfied with the results of the procedure.

Conclusions:
The author advocates that the combination of lipoplasty with the submuscular technique described is safe, easy to perform, has a short operative time and low complication rates. It can be preferred in buttock beautification as a simple and safe technique.
A Case of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome after Liposuction-assisted Abdominoplasty
Authors: Riesmeijer Sophie A. , van der Lei Berend 
Published: May 2021

Summary
A 51-year-old woman underwent liposuction-abdominoplasty. After surgery, she developed hypotension and bradycardia, attributed to iatrogenic opioid-intoxication. After discontinuing opioids, the patient had several episodes of hypotension and tachycardia, responding well to fluid resuscitation. The initial differential diagnosis of postoperative bleeding was ruled out with a CT-scan. Other potential causes of hemodynamic instability, such as pulmonary embolism and fat embolism, were considered unlikely in absence of corresponding symptoms. Based on leukocytosis and tachycardia, the patient was diagnosed with systemic inflammatory response syndrome, a disproportional inflammatory reaction to surgery. The patient was managed expectantly with intravenous fluid administration and recovered without further treatment or complications.
Association of central arterial stiffness with hippocampal blood flow and N-acetyl aspartate concentration in hypertensive adult Dahl salt sensitive rats
Authors: Ajamu Samuel O. , Fenner Rachel C. , Grigorova Yulia N. , Cezayirli Defne , Morrell Christopher H. , Lakatta Edward G. , Bouhrara Mustapha , Spencer Richard G. , Fedorova Olga V. , Fishbein Kenneth W. 
Published: May 2021

Background:Central arterial stiffness (CAS) is associated with elevated arterial blood pressure (BP) and is likely associated with stiffening of cerebral artery walls, with attendant cerebral hypoperfusion, neuronal density loss and cognitive decline. Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl-S) rats exhibit age-associated hypertension and memory loss, even on a normal salt intake.Method:We sought to explore whether central arterial pulse wave velocity (PWV), a marker of CAS, is associated with hippocampal cerebral blood flow (CBF) and neuronal density in hypertensive Dahl-S rats. We measured systolic BP (by tail-cuff plethysmography), aortic PWV (by echocardiography) and CBF andN-acetyl aspartate (NAA) (by magnetic resonance imaging) in 6 month-old male Dahl-S rats (n = 12).Results:Greater PWV was significantly associated with lower CBF and lower NAA concentration in the hippocampus, supporting a role of CAS in cerebrovascular dysfunction and decline in cognitive performance with aging.Conclusion:These findings implicate increased CAS in cerebral hypoperfusion and loss of neuronal density and function in the Dahl-S model of age-associated cardiovascular dysfunction.
SURGICAL FAILURES AFTER PRIMARY SCLERAL BUCKLING FOR RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT
Authors: Patel Samir N. , Salabati Mirataollah , Mahmoudzadeh Raziyeh , Obeid Anthony , Kuriyan Ajay E. , Yonekawa Yoshihiro , Klufas Michael A. , Garg Sunir J. , Hsu Jason , Khan M. Ali 
Published: May 2021

Purpose:
To compare proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR)-related surgical failure and non-PVR–associated failure after scleral buckling for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Methods:
In this single-center, retrospective, consecutive case series, eyes with surgical failure after scleral buckling for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment were identified. Eyes with surgical failure were categorized as PVR-associated and non-PVR–associated failure, and these groups were compared.

Results:
Of the 530 scleral buckling procedures performed, 69 were surgical failures (13%), of which 27 of the 530 (5%) were due to PVR and 42 of the 530 (8%) were from non-PVR causes. Patients with PVR-associated failure were more likely to be smokers (P < 0.001), have a delayed presentation after symptoms (P = 0.011), have preoperative vitreous hemorrhage (P = 0.004), and have preoperative PVR (P = 0.002). Multivariate logistic regression models showed that the odds of PVR-associated failure were greater in eyes with preoperative vitreous hemorrhage (odds ratio, 8.2; P = 0.048), preoperative PVR (odds ratio, 22.7; P = 0.023), and among previous smokers (odds ratio, 28.8; P < 0.001). Thirty-two of 69 patients (46%) required one additional surgical intervention, and 37 of the 69 patients (53%) required two or more additional interventions to achieve final reattachment.

Conclusion:
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy–related surgical failure after primary scleral buckling was 5%. Risk factors for PVR-associated failure parallel those commonly referenced for pars plan vitrectomy, including smoking history, preoperative vitreous hemorrhage, and preoperative PVR.
TWENTY-THREE–GAUGE HYPERSONIC VITRECTOMY
Authors: Romano Mario R. , Caretti Luigi , Ferrara Mariantonia , La Gloria Valerio Alvise , Fallico Matteo , Repetto Rodolfo , Avitabile Teresio 
Published: May 2021

Purpose:
To evaluate the safety, effectiveness, and the best parameters setup of hypersonic vitrectomy.

Methods:
A prospective, multicentric, interventional study on 50 eyes that had undergone hypersonic vitrectomy because of various vitreoretinal diseases. We primarily assessed the effectiveness of vitreous removal, intraoperative complications, and surgical setup. Secondarily, we evaluated single-surgery anatomical success and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity.

Results:
Intraoperative complications occurred in 5 eyes (10%), whereas technical problems were detected in 23 eyes (46%), resulting in conversion to guillotine vitrectomy in 15 cases. The most common finding related to the technical problems was an inadequate vitreous liquefaction with the formation of vitreous strands and consequent inadequate vitreous outflow, sometimes complicated by vitreous incarceration in the vitrectomy probe. The best settings were considered a stroke of 60 µm and vacuum of 40 mmHg for both core and peripheral vitrectomy. At 3-month follow-up, primary anatomical success was achieved in 49 eyes (98%) and the mean best-corrected visual acuity overall improved.

Conclusion:
The availability of hypersonic vitrectomy in the current surgical practice opens a new era in vitreoretinal surgery. Despite the potential advantages in fluidics, the performance of hypersonic vitrectomy system needs to be further optimized, mainly for the occurrence of inadequate vitreous liquefaction and vitreous strands formation.
CHORIORETINITIS SCLOPETARIA AND ORBITAL EMPHYSEMA CAUSED BY A HIGH-VELOCITY LIQUID MISSILE
Authors: Kamboj Alisha , Hwang Christopher J. , Kulenkamp J. Erik , Mundae Rusdeep S. , Mokhtarzadeh Ali , Harrison Andrew R. , Montezuma Sandra R. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose:
To highlight a case of chorioretinitis sclopetaria, with concomitant macular hole formation and orbital emphysema, caused by a commercial-grade pressure washer.

Methods:
This is a retrospective case report.

Results:
A 19-year-old man presented to the emergency department with a left eye injury, incurred after being sprayed with a commercial-grade pressure washer. He endorsed ipsilateral blurred vision, pain, and linear floaters. Left eye visual acuity was 20/40. Dilated fundus examination showed inferior vitreous hemorrhage, retinal whitening, and preretinal, intraretinal, and subretinal hemorrhages, consistent with chorioretinitis sclopetaria. Optical coherence tomography revealed a full-thickness macular hole. Computed tomography scan of the orbits showed subcutaneous and postseptal orbital emphysema. Two months after injury, vitreous and retinal hemorrhages and macular hole resolved. Five months after injury, visual acuity improved to 20/20.

Conclusion:
Chorioretinitis sclopetaria is defined as a full-thickness chorioretinal disruption resulting from a high-velocity projectile passing adjacent to or into the orbit without penetrating the globe. Chorioretinal deformation and ocular comorbidities are influenced by the velocity of the missile and its spatial relationship to the orbit. Although this pattern of injury is typically associated with indirect trauma to the globe by a BB or a bullet, this is the first report of chorioretinitis sclopetaria precipitated by a high-velocity liquid missile.
Sex differences in the antihypertensive treatment and risk of uncontrolled hypertension in 5308 hypertensive patients in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Shehab Abdulla , Bhagavathula Akshaya Srikanth , AlHajri Noora 
Published: May 2021

Background
Sex differences in the antihypertensive medications used to control blood pressure and risk factor control in hypertensive patients is poorly understood.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective review of the patients newly diagnosed with hypertension registered for treatment in 52 outpatient settings across Abu Dhabi province between 1 January and 31 December 2017. We explored sex differences in risk factors and treatment management over 6 months of the follow-up period of each patient. Multiple logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with poor BP control.

Results
A total of 5308 patients (2559 men and 2849 women) were identified. We observed an increase in SBP and DBP levels in men (1.72/1.13 mmHg) and only SBP in women (0.87/-0.021 mmHg) with increased incidence of comorbidities overtime. The overall BP control was suboptimal (65%) (<140/90 mmHg) with no significant difference between women (65.3%) and men (64.2%). In men with dyslipidemia, use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker with diuretics and in women, only calcium channel blockers showed higher for BP control. Factors significantly associated with poor BP control in men are being overweight and obese, and dyslipidemia in men. After the age of 50, women in contrast to men, with dyslipidemia and heart rate >80 beats per minute are less likely to maintain hypertension control.

Conclusion
Sex-specific analysis indicated that BP control among United Arab Emirates men and women was suboptimal (65%). Interventions aiming to achieve better control of BP in hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome should be emphasized.