bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of M-resin-based Stabilizer on the Performance of SBS Modified Asphalt
Authors: LEI Zhen , JIA Zhirong , LIN Xuefeng , LI Chaoyu , LIU Heng , ZHANG Jing 
Published: October 2021

Industrial solid waste M-resin (MR) contains high sulfur content which was difficult to be comprehensively utilized. According to the vulcanization reaction mechanism, MR was used as vulcanizing agent, nano zinc oxide (ZnO) as an activator, tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (TMTD) as an accelerator to produce M-resin-based stabilizer. MR (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5), ZnO (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) and TMTD (0.06, 0.08, 0.1, 0.12, 0.14) were mixed with different contents, a three-factor and five-level orthogonal experiment was designed to test the penetration, ductility, softening point and 48 h softening point difference of SBS modified asphalt. Based on the four indexes, the basic formula of the stabilizer was obtained. The influence of kaolin, an auxiliary material, on the thermal stability was compared, and the formula were optimized, the appropriate dosage was determined. The microscopic morphology of the modified asphalt and SBS developmental fineness was analyzed with the fluorescent microscopy technology, and the SBS developmental fineness was studied with the generated binary graph and skeleton graph. DSR test was carried out to detect rheological properties of modified asphalt with different dosages of MR-based stabilizes. The results show that MR can significantly improve the thermal storage stability of modified asphalt. The ratio of MR:TMTD:ZnO:Kaolin is 1.5:0.5:0.08:12, and the appropriate dosage is 1.02 %. The stabilizer can reduce the 48 h softening point difference 33.6 ℃, increase the softening point 13.6 ℃, decrease the penetration degree 9.7 mm, but it has little effect on 5 ℃ ductility index. The microscopic images show that a cavity two-phase continuous network structure is formed inside the modified asphalt under the appropriate dosage of M-resin-based stabilizer. The SBS developmental fineness is 2.36 μm, and the uniformity is good. DSR test also shows that stabilizer can effectively improve the high temperature performance of SBS modified asphalt.
De protagonista histórico a personaje de novela:
Authors: Illades Lilián 
Published: October 2021

En la cuarta década del siglo XIX se enjuició y sentenció por diversos crímenes al coronel Juan Yáñez, alias Relumbrón; a la sazón subordinado cercano a un presidente de México. El militar encabezó a un grupo de bandidos que asaltaron las propiedades de personas prominentes, adineradas, templos, conventos y comercios de la capital del país, así como a viajeros que transitaban por los caminos, principalmente el derrotero de la Ciudad de México al puerto de Veracruz. Este cabecilla ocupa un papel central en una de las memorables piezas literarias de Manuel Payno: Los Bandidos de Río Frío. Propio de la pluma del escritor, la novela constituye una invaluable fuente para la historia social y cultural de los mexicanos. El propósito del presente artículo es develar el perfil histórico del coronel, mediante la reconstrucción de su entorno familiar y el extracto del proceso judicial al que fue sometido, mismo al que no tuvo acceso el novelista. La infausta figura de Relumbrón sólo pudo ser preservada a través de la literatura, de lo contrario se habría sumergido en los anales criminales.
In the fourth decade of the 19th century, Colonel Juan Yáñez, alias Relumbrón (the one who shines), then a close subordinate of a Mexican president, was tried and sentenced for various crimes. Then officer headed a group of bandits who robbed the properties of prominent and wealthy people, churches, convents and businesses in the capital of the country, as well as travelers on the roads, mainly the route from Mexico City to the port of Veracruz. This ringleader occupies a central role in one of Manuel Payno´s memorable novels, Los Bandidos de Río Frío (The bandits of Río Frío). Typical of the writer´s pen, the novel is an invaluable source for the social and cultural history of Mexicans. The purpose of this article is to unveil the historical profile of the colonel, through the reconstruction of his family environment and the excerpt of the judicial process to which he has subjected, to which the novelist did not have access. The infamous figure of Relumbrón could only be preserved through literature, otherwise he would have been submerged in the annals of crime.
Revolucionarios, internacionalistas y sobrevivientes. Una historia oral de la Revolución cubana.
Authors: López-Acón Óscar 
Published: October 2021

La Revolución cubana constituye probablemente el hecho más influyente en la historia contemporánea de América Latina por su alcance y significado. Todavía hoy, los ecos de aquel acontecimiento se proyectan sobremanera en el presente y los numerosos interrogantes que sigue generando lo convierten en un terreno extraordinariamente fértil para su estudio. En el presente artículo queremos explorar las potencialidades que ofrece la historia oral para tal fin. Para ello, nos servimos de las historias de vida de algunos sujetos que tuvieron experiencia directa o participaron del acontecer político y social de Cuba desde la década de los cincuenta hasta el presente en distintos escenarios. El rescate de sus voces nos permite acercarnos a la experiencia vivida de la Revolución y nos ayuda a comprender el significado mismo de ese proceso histórico.
The Cuban Revolution constitute probably the most influential event in the contemporary history of Latin America due to its scope and significance. Even today, the echoes of that historical event are projected greatly in the present and the numerous of unanswered questions that still generate turn into extraordinary field to this study. In the present article we want to explore the potentialities what the oral history can offer us to reach that objective. In order to dive into this issue we shall focus in the life stories of some person who had direct experience or taken part in political and social happen in Cuba, from fifties decade to the present in a different scenes. The rescue of their voices allows us to approach the “lived experience” of the Revolution and helps us to know the very meaning of that historical process.
An experimental test of the effects of redacting grant applicant identifiers on peer review outcomes
Authors: Nakamura Richard K , Mann Lee S , Lindner Mark D , Braithwaite Jeremy , Chen Mei-Ching , Vancea Adrian , Byrnes Noni , Durrant Valerie , Reed Bruce 
Published: October 2021

Background:Blinding reviewers to applicant identity has been proposed to reduce bias in peer review.Methods:This experimental test used 1200 NIH grant applications, 400 from Black investigators, 400 matched applications from White investigators, and 400 randomly selected applications from White investigators. Applications were reviewed by mail in standard and redacted formats.Results:Redaction reduced, but did not eliminate, reviewers’ ability to correctly guess features of identity. The primary, preregistered analysis hypothesized a differential effect of redaction according to investigator race in the matched applications. A set of secondary analyses (not preregistered) used the randomly selected applications from White scientists and tested the same interaction. Both analyses revealed similar effects: Standard format applications from White investigators scored better than those from Black investigators. Redaction cut the size of the difference by about half (e.g. from a Cohen’s d of 0.20–0.10 in matched applications); redaction caused applications from White scientists to score worse but had no effect on scores for Black applications.Conclusions:Grant-writing considerations and halo effects are discussed as competing explanations for this pattern. The findings support further evaluation of peer review models that diminish the influence of applicant identity.Funding:Funding was provided by the NIH.
Picking the crucial language technologies and how Wikipedia can help: the Welsh experience
Authors: Morlais Gareth 
Published: October 2021

When you're making plans to get people using your language as much and as often as possible, there's a list of things related to Wikipedia which can really help. I'll share our experience with the Welsh language.
Supporting the Welsh-language Wikipedia community forms Work Package 15 of 27 in the Welsh Government's Welsh Language Technology Action Plan https://gov.wales/sites/default/files/publications/2018-12/welsh-language-technology-and-digital-media-action-plan.pdf. We like supporting Welsh language Wikipedia editing workshops, video workshops and other channels that encourage people to create and publish Welsh-language video, audio, graphic and text content because we're on a mission to try to help double daily use of Welsh by 2050.
I'll share developments we're funding in speech, translation and conversational AI. The partners we're giving grants to publish what they develop under open licence. So we can share what we've funded with many companies. We think Microsoft might have used some to make their new synthetic voices in Welsh.
We're excited by the potential Wikidata offers. We'll look at its potential in populating Welsh maps this year. We've already used Wikipedia search data as a way of prioritising the training of a Welsh virtual assistant.
Welsh may not be spending as much as Icelandic and Estonian do on language technologies, but we'd like to share what we're learning as a smaller language about the important areas to focus on and how Wikipedia can help.
New phiocricetomyine rodents (Hystricognathi) from the Jebel Qatrani Formation, Fayum Depression, Egypt
Authors: Al-Ashqar Shorouq F. , Seiffert Erik R. , de Vries Dorien , El-Sayed Sanaa , Antar Mohamed S. , Sallam Hesham M. 
Published: October 2021

Background
The rich rodent assemblages from the Eocene–Oligocene deposits of the Jebel Qatrani Formation (Fayum Depression, Egypt) have important implications for our understanding of the origin and paleobiogeography of Hystricognathi, a diverse clade that is now represented by the Afro-Asiatic Hystricidae, New World Caviomorpha, and African Phiomorpha.

Methods
Here we present previously undescribed material of the enigmatic hystricognath clade Phiocricetomyinae, from two stratigraphic levels in the lower sequence of the Jebel Qatrani Formation—a new genus and species (Qatranimys safroutus) from the latest Eocene Locality 41 (~34 Ma, the oldest and most productive quarry in the formation) and additional material of Talahphiomys lavocati from that species’ type locality, early Oligocene Quarry E (~31–33.2 Ma).

Results
The multiple specimens of Qatranimys safroutus from L-41 document almost the entire lower and upper dentition, as well as mandibular fragments and the first cranial remains known for a derived phiocricetomyine. Specimens from Quarry E allow us to expand comparisons with specimens from Libya (late Eocene of Dur at-Talah and early Oligocene of Zallah Oasis) that have been placed in T. lavocati, and we show that the Dur at-Talah and Zallah specimens do not pertain to this species. These observations leave the Fayum Quarry E as the only locality where T. lavocati occurs.
Visual assessment of dynamic knee joint alignment in patients with patellofemoral pain: an agreement study
Authors: Hansen Rudi , Lundgaard-Nielsen Mathilde , Henriksen Marius 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundAssessment of knee kinematics plays an important role in the clinical examination of patients with patellofemoral pain (PFP). There is evidence that visual assessments are reliable in healthy subjects, but there is a lack of evidence in injured populations. The purpose of this study was to examine the intra- and interrater agreement in the visual assessment of dynamic knee joint alignment in patients with PFP.MethodsThe study was a cross-sectional agreement study. Sixty participants (42 females) were included. We assessed the intra- and interrater agreement of two functional tests: The single leg squat (SLS) and the forward lunge (FL). One investigator scored the movement according to preset criteria while video recording the movement for retest. Moreover, the performance was scored by another investigator using the video recording. Agreement was assessed using weighted kappa statistics.ResultsThe intrarater agreement ranged from moderate to good (Kappa 0.58 (FL) to 0.70 (SLS)) whereas the interrater agreement ranged from fair to moderate (Kappa 0.22 (SLS) to 0.50 (FL)).ConclusionThe agreement within raters was better than between raters, which suggests that assessments should preferably be performed by the same tester in research and in a clinical setting, e.g., to evaluate any treatment effect. We promote FL as a reliable clinical tool for evaluating dynamic knee alignment, since it shows equally good intra- and interrater agreement, and it is an inexpensive and easy method to use.
Assessing Changes in the Reproduction Number of COVID-19 in Cameroon
Authors: Youdom Solange Whegang , Alain Djam Chefor , Kouanfack Charles 
Published: October 2021

Aim: The purpose of this work is to assess changes that occur on COVID-19 infection in Cameroon since the start of the epidemic.
Study Design: We use a data-based analysis on longitudinal data of reported COVID-19 cases in Cameroon.
Place and Duration: The data for the study were obtained from the reports of confirmed COVID-19 cases from an official website between March 7, 2020 to September 29, 2021.
Methodology: A modified Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Deceased (SIRD) model for the contagion was used to describe the cumulated cases of COVID-19 during different phases of the epidemic that correlated with highest spikes. The approach features several aspects: one is that model parameters can be time-varying, allowing us to capture possible changes of the epidemic behaviour, due for example to containment measures enforced by authorities or modifications of the epidemic characteristics, country events, and COVID-19 vaccine introduction; the second aspect is that the model accounts for a social distancing parameter. The time-varying parameters was handled using a phase-to-phase modelling in which initial parameters were the number of susceptible individuals at the end of each phase. In addition, daily incidence data were used to estimate daily reproduction number. Secondly, we used an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) approach to analyse the dynamic of the effective reproduction number R and forecast the new number of infected contacts.
Results: There was less than 54% compliance of social distancing during all phases. The reproduction number was above 1 during each phase of the analysis. As of September 2021, it was 2.43 suggesting a constant increase of infection. Time-series of the reproduction number was unseasonal and stationary. Forecasting of R gave a value of more than 2, suggesting a continued rise in the number of infected cases in the Country in the next coming months.
Conclusion: It is uncertain when the pandemic will last in the country. While social distancing is in decrease, prevention through vaccination is an option to reach more people and stop the propagation of the disease.
Agronomic and Economic Analysis of Brown top Millet under Varying Sowing Dates and Nitrogen Fertility Levels
Authors: Saikishore A. , Rekha K. Bhanu , Hussain S. A. , Madhavi A. 
Published: October 2021

Aim: The experiment is aimed to identify ideal sowing date and nitrogen level in browntop millet during rainy season on alfisols of Telangana.
Study Design: Randomized Block Design with factorial concept and replicated thrice.
Place and Duration of Study: College Farm, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India during rainy season, 2019.
Methodology: Browntop millet variety VZM-1 was tested under four dates of sowing viz., D1- June 15th, D2- June 30th, D3-July 15th and D4 - 30th July and four N levels viz; N1- 0 kg ha-1 N2 - 20 kg ha-1, N1- 40 kg ha-1 and N4-60 kg ha-1. The growth parameters, yield attributes, yield, nitrogen uptake at different crop growth stages and monetary returns were studied.
Results: The results indicated that plant height, tillers hill-1, leaf area, dry matter accumulation at all crop intervals and yield attributes viz; effective tillers, panicle length, panicle weight, number of grains, grain, straw yield, N uptake at different crop stages and monetary returns were highest with sowing on D1- June 15th.Among the N levels tested, crop fertilized with 40 kg N ha-1 registered higher plant height, tillers hill-1, leaf area, dry matter accumulation at all crop intervals, yield attributes viz; effective tillers, panicle length, panicle weight, number of grains, grain, straw yield N uptake at different crop stages and monetary returns.
Conclusion: On alfisols of Telangana during rainy season, sowing of browntop millet on June 15th fertilized with 40 kg N ha-1 helps to realize higher yield and monetary returns.
Bacterial Profile and Risk Factors Associated with Dental Caries in Enugu Metropolis, Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Maduakor U. C. , Onyemelukwe N. F. , Maduakor S.N. , Udoh I. P. , Chukwubuike M. B. C. 
Published: October 2021

Dental caries is one of the most prevalent and costly diseases that are a challenge to health care providers. There is limited data on the bacterial profile and risks associated with dental caries in Nigeria. The study aimed to isolate and identify bacteria and risk factors associated with dental caries in Enugu. It was a case-controlled study. A total of 336 samples were randomly collected comprising of 125 healthy subjects and 211 patients with dental caries attending various hospitals and dental clinics in Enugu, Nigeria. Samples were subjected to standard microbiological and biochemical techniques. Standardized questionnaires were used to record demographic variables and risk factors. A total of 635 and 254 microorganisms were isolated from carious lesions and healthy subjects respectively. Of these 635 isolates, 218 (34.4%) Gram-positive bacilli, 210 (33.0%) Gram-positive cocci, 46 (7.2%) Gram-negative cocci, and 43 (6.8%) yeasts were recovered. Two hundred and seven samples were (98.1%) polymicrobial while 4 samples (1.9%) were monomicrobial. Among the organisms recovered, anaerobic Lactobacillus spp (141, 66.8%) was the most prevalent followed by Streptococcus mutans (104, 49.2%), and the least were Actinomyces israelii and Capnocytophaga spp (1, 0.05%) respectively. Of the 254 isolates from apparently healthy subjects, Streptococcus sanguis ranked highest and the least was Porphyromonas gingivalis. The factors that were found to be significantly associated with dental caries were level of education P=0.005, feeding habit P= 0.001, Favourite snack P=0.004, sweet consumption P< 0.0001, type of gum P < 0.0001, history of toothache P < 0.0001, visit dentist P< 0.0001, and the bleeding gum P < 0.0001. This research highlighted the polymicrobial nature of carious lesions and associated predictors of dental caries. Hence public enlightenment and the implementation of oral health education in schools are crucial.
Determine the Effectiveness of Anacardic Acid and Stannous Fluoride as an Anti-erosive Agent
Authors: Dahake Sampada , Madhu Priyanka Paul , Reche Amit , Gaurav Chhabra Kumar , Kriplani Simran , Ubhale Rutuja , Adwani Barkha 
Published: October 2021

Background: The key goal of the study is to find out the effectiveness of anacardic acid and the stannous fluoride as an anti erosive agent.
Objectives: To evaluate the erosive effect of Bio vinegar and antierosive effect of Anacardic acid and Stannous Fluoride.
Methodology: The extracted teeth were collected for in vitro study. Three solutions were selected Bio vinegar, Anacardic acid, Fluoride to treat the extracted teeth to study and compare the anti-erosive effect. The sets of extracted teeth of ten each were grouped to be treated with different solutions. The set was immersed in Bio vinegar for 8 hours for erosive action. The second set of ten extracted teeth were immersed in anacardic acid for four days. The same set of teeth were treated with vinegar for 8 hours. The cross sectional view of stained teeth was viewed under Scanning Electron Microscope. The third set of teeth was immersed in stannous fluoride for four days and then treated with Bio vinegar for 8 hours. The cross sectional view of stained teeth was viewed under Scanning Electron Microscope. A comparison of anti-erosive effect of anacardic acid and stannous fluoride were studied under Scanning Electron Microscope.
Expected Results: Determining a better effectiveness of Anacardic acid antierosive agent than stannous fluoride.
Conclusion: Reduction in the level of erosion by the application of anacardic acid and stannous fluoride on extracted teeth exposed to carbonated drinks and assessment of erosive effect of carbonated drink on tooth.
Antibacterial Effect and Factors Influencing the Relationship between Coffee, Tea Consumption and Dental Caries
Authors: Mandorah Ayman O. , Alsunni Hawraa , Jumian Rabab Al , Salman Sarah Al , Faraj Reham Al , Matrook Fatimah Al , Alzahrani Khames T. 
Published: October 2021

Aims: To assess the association between the frequency and quantity of coffee and tea consumption and dental caries severity among adolescents (middle and high schools) in the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.
Study Design: This is an observational cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Conducted in the Eastern Province (Dammam and Al-Khobar), Saudi Arabia, from January to February 2019.
Methodology: A cross-sectional observational survey study that was carried out in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Validated interview-based questionnaires were used to ask about the background information and the frequency and quantity of coffee and tea consumption with two sections of the survey: The first section was about the demographic data and the second section assessed the frequency and quantity of coffee and tea consumption and examination was done during daylight using disposable dental mirror and blunt probe.
Results: A total of 2265 middle school children with a response rate of 77.8%. Out of them, Females accounted for 1288 (56%) and the mean age (±SD) was 14 (±1.322). Regarding parents’ education, 1916 (84.6%) of participants’ fathers and 1836 (81.1%) of their mothers had a high school certificate or higher. There was a significant association between the frequency of coffee and tea consumption and caries (p=0.013).
Conclusion: There was a significant association between the frequency of coffee and tea consumption and caries (p=0.013). The frequency of coffee and tea consumption, the higher the caries. However, there was no association between the quantity of coffee and tea consumption and D nor with the overall DMF score.