bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perforation Due to Biliary Stent: Case Report and Review
Authors: Tirelli Flavio , Mirco Paolo , Fransvea Pietro , Pepe Gilda , Tringali Andrea , Grezia Marta di , Lodoli Claudio , Cozza Valerio , Greca Antonio La , Sganga Gabriele 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEndoscopic retrograde cholangiopacreatography (ERCP) has a pivotal role for the management of various malignant and benign pancreatico-biliary disorders. Biliary stents migration is reported in 5 to 10% of the cases and can be responsible for bowel perforation. An 80-year-old Caucasian man was referred to our hospital for an attempt at endoscopic extraction of massive intrahepatic lithiasis; during ERCP, complete stone extraction in a single session was not achievable and three plastic biliary stents were inserted to promote stone size reduction and perform a delayed cholangioscopy-assisted lithotripsy. During the next 2 days, the patient developed worsening abdominal pain with no fever, nausea, and vomiting. An emergency computed tomography showed a duodenal perforation due to biliary stent migration. Upon laparotomy, a direct suture of the duodenal lesion was performed. The patient died 3 days later because of a multiorgan failure. ERCP-related complications may occur in 5 to 15% of the cases and biliary stent migration accounts for 5 to 10% of these cases; less than 1% of stents migration determines bowel perforation, most commonly in the duodenum. Stent-related bowel perforation can be clinically misleading and early diagnosis and treatment are sometimes challenging. Whether the duodenal perforation is intra- or retroperitoneal should be taken into account to choose the best therapeutic approach.
Agroforestry, Indigenous Tree Cover and Biodiversity Conservation: A Case Study of Mount Elgon in Uganda
Authors: Graham Stephen , Ihli Hanna Julia , Gassner Anja 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAddressing interconnected social and environmental issues, including poverty, food security, climate change, and biodiversity loss, requires integrated solutions. Agroforestry is a sustainable land use approach with the potential to address multiple issues. This study examined the tree cultivation behavior of smallholder farmers in the Mt. Elgon region of Uganda. We examined the proportion of indigenous tree species added to or removed from agricultural land and the reasons for farmers’ decisions in this regard. We found that farmers overwhelmingly planted exotic species, limiting the possible benefits for the conservation of biodiversity from a suggested re-greening of the region. Indigenous trees were cultivated in low numbers and dominated by a handful of species. Opportunities to help farmers increase the number and variety of indigenous trees on their land were found among smaller-scale coffee farmers and in the protection of natural forests from which indigenous trees propagate into the wider landscape.
Hearing sensitivity: An underlying mechanism for niche differentiation in gleaning bats
Authors: Geipel Inga , Lattenkamp Ella Z. , Dixon M. May , Wiegrebe Lutz , Page Rachel A. 
Published: August 2021

SignificanceWhile numerous studies have focused on the ecological factors allowing for niche differentiation and thus species coexistence, the role of differentiation in species’ sensory abilities has received less attention. We measured auditory brainstem responses from 12 bat species that make their living gleaning prey off surfaces in the rainforest understory. In the lower-frequency ranges, auditory sensitivity reflected the foraging demands of each species, many of which find prey by attending to prey-produced noises such as prey mating calls and prey locomotion sounds. Our results suggest that interspecific differences in hearing abilities and thus the differential ability to hear prey-produced sounds could be an important mechanism contributing to niche differentiation.
Pericentromeric noncoding RNA changes DNA binding of CTCF and inflammatory gene expression in senescence and cancer
Authors: Miyata Kenichi , Imai Yoshinori , Hori Satoshi , Nishio Mika , Loo Tze Mun , Okada Ryo , Yang Liying , Nakadai Tomoyoshi , Maruyama Reo , Fujii Risa , Ueda Koji , Jiang Li , Zheng Hao , Toyokuni Shinya , Sakata Toyonori , Shirahige Katsuhiko , Kojima Ryosuke , Nakayama Mizuho , Oshima Masanobu , Nagayama Satoshi , Seimiya Hiroyuki , Hirota Toru , Saya Hideyuki , Hara Eiji , Takahashi Akiko 
Published: August 2021

Significance
During the aging process, senescent cells secrete inflammatory factors, causing various age-related pathologies. Thus, controlling the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) can tremendously benefit human health. Although SASP seems to be induced by the alteration of chromosomal organization, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, it has been revealed that noncoding RNA (ncRNA) transcribed from pericentromeric repetitive elements impairs the DNA binding of CCCTC-binding factor, resulting in the alteration of chromosomal accessibility and the activation of SASP-like inflammatory genes. Notably, the ncRNA was transferred into surrounding cells via small extracellular vesicles, acting as a tumorigenic SASP factor. Our study highlights a novel mechanism regulating chromatin interaction and inflammatory gene expression in senescence and cancer.
Unnuclear physics: Conformal symmetry in nuclear reactions
Authors: Hammer Hans-Werner , Son Dam Thanh 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Symmetry plays a key role in modern physics as a guiding principle for fundamental theories of nature. We use the nonrelativistic conformal symmetry to predict universal energy spectra of final states in reactions of quantum particles at vastly different length scales. Our work extends Georgi’s “unparticle” proposal to nonrelativistic spin-1/2 fermions in the unitary regime of strong interactions. These systems form so-called unparticles, which behave characteristically different from normal particles. They can be engineered with ultracold atoms and occur naturally in nuclear reactions with multiple neutrons—a situation we dub “unnuclear physics.” We present the general scenario of unnuclear physics, apply it to identify unnuclei in nuclear reactions, and highlight the opportunity to measure unnuclei at radioactive beam facilities.
Minutes of action! A contrastive analysis of time expressions in English
and Norwegian football match reports
Authors: Ebeling Signe Oksefjell 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This contrastive study examines the use of two time expressions – on # minutes and
etter # minutes (‘after # minutes’) – in football match reports with the aim of
shedding light on their conditions of use in English and Norwegian. The cross-linguistic findings suggest that the patterns
are typically used to report on the achievements of players. With regard to syntax, the English pattern is clearly preferred
in final position, while the Norwegian pattern is found in either initial or final position, with a slight preference for
initial position. A more inconclusive difference can be noted regarding the patterns’ distribution across the 90 minutes; the
English pattern is more evenly distributed across the two halves of the match than the Norwegian one.
The expression of time in English and Czech children’s
literature
Authors: Malá Markéta , Šebestová Denisa , Milička Jiří 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores the expression of the concept of time in children’s narrative fiction cross-linguistically,
comparing Czech and English. Specifically, it analyses multi-word units and patterns which the respective languages employ
when referring to time. The new Engrammer software was developed to facilitate the extraction of n-grams with lemmatised cores
and positional mobility, making it possible to compare temporal patterns in English with those used in highly inflectional
Czech with variable word-order. The results of the study suggest that in children’s fiction in both languages, time
plays an important role in structuring the text, frequently creating dramatic effects. Even though the formal means of
expressing time may differ between English and Czech (e.g. diminutives in Czech vs. phrasal description in English), register
appears to substantially influence the way time is framed in children’s literature in both languages.
Effect of graphene oxide on mechanical properties of UHPC and analysis of micro-control mechanism
Authors: Yeke Luo , Yu Zhouping 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Recently, graphene oxide (GO) is one of the nanomaterials that enhance the performance of cement-based materials. In this paper, the effects of different mass of GO on the workability and mechanical properties of UHPC is studied, and its mechanism is explored by micro-nano analysis methods such as XRD, SEM, MIP and nano indentation. The results show that, compared with the reference group, the 0.04% GO addition reduces the fluidity of UHPC, reduces the initial and final setting time of slurry, and enhance the compressive strength, flexural strength and tensile strength of the sample at 28d by 15.8%, 14% and 15.3%, respectively. Micro-nano analysis results show that GO promotes cement hydration, reduces the porosity of UHPC, improves the microstructure of the interface transition zone between steel fiber and matrix, and improves the nano-mechanical properties. This is mainly attributed to the nucleation effect of GO and interfacial bonding with C-S-H gel.
A screen-printing method for manufacturing of current collectors for structural batteries
Authors: Johannisson Wilhelm , Carlstedt David , Nasiri Awista , Buggisch Christina , Linde Peter , Zenkert Dan , Asp Leif E , Lindbergh Göran , Fiedler Bodo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Structural carbon fibre composite batteries are a type of multifunctional batteries that combine the energy storage capability of a battery with the load-carrying ability of a structural material. To extract the current from the structural battery cell, current collectors are needed. However, current collectors are expensive, hard to connect to the electrode material and add mass to the system. Further, attaching the current collector to the carbon fibre electrode must not affect the electrochemical properties negatively or requires time-consuming, manual steps. This paper presents a proof-of-concept method for screen-printing of current collectors for structural carbon fibre composite batteries using silver conductive paste. Current collectors are screen-printed directly on spread carbon fibre tows and a polycarbonate carrier film. Experimental results show that the electrochemical performance of carbon fibre vs lithium metal half-cells with the screen-printed collectors is similar to reference half-cells using metal foil and silver adhered metal-foil collectors. The screen-printed current collectors fulfil the requirements for electrical conductivity, adhesion to the fibres and flexible handling of the fibre electrode. The screen-printing process is highly automatable and allows for cost-efficient upscaling to large scale manufacturing of arbitrary and complex current collector shapes. Hence, the screen-printing process shows a promising route to realization of high performing current collectors in structural batteries and potentially in other types of energy storage solutions.
Genome description of Nostoc ellipsosporum strain NOK (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria) isolated from an arsenic contaminated paddy field of the Bengal Delta Plains
Authors: Ghosh Anwesha , Bhadury Punyasloke 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A diazotrophic cyanobacterium, Nostoc ellipsosporum strain NOK, was isolated from an arsenic contaminated paddy field of the Bengal Delta Plains (BDP). Located across India and Bangladesh, BDP, is one of the worst arsenic (As)-affected regions of the world. Previous studies have shown this isolate to be tolerant to high concentration of arsenic (≦400 μM). The genome of this isolate was sequenced to identify the genes involved in various metabolic pathways including arsenic resistance and biofilm formation. Whole genome analyses showed Nostoc ellipsosporum strain NOK to be closely related to N. punctiforme strain PCC73102. The genome is about 10.9 Mbp which assembled into 694 contigs. Genome annotation identified 10120 genes out of which 10000 were CDSs. There are a total of 9927 protein coding genes in addition to 120 RNA coding genes. The genome codes three 5S rRNA, four 16S rRNA and three 23S rRNA genes along with 103 tRNAs, 7 ncRNAs and 73 pseudo-genes. The G + C% of the genome is 54.28. The genome codes for crucial genes involved in biofilm formation in response to stress conditions including arsenic stress. The arsBHC operon is present within the genome which makes this tolerant to high concentration of arsenic which might lead to biofilm formation. A number of ABC transporters including cysUW and sbp (sulfate/thiosulfate), nrtABC (nitrate/nitrite/cyanate), cmpABCD (bicarbonate), ssuABC (alkane sulfonate), modABCF (molybdate; 2 copies), afuAC (iron), pstA (phosphate; 2 copies), pstBC, pstS (4 copies), cbiOQ (cobalt and nickel) and opuBC, opuBB and opuBA (osmoprotectants) were identified.
The pivotal role of PFO in paradoxical embolism following venous sclerotherapy: a unique case report with pathological correlations
Authors: Gajo Eileen C , Kavinsky Clifford J , Murphy Joshua , Suradi Hussam S 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Vein sclerosing therapy for varicose veins remains an extremely popular procedure. Cerebrovascular accidents can be a serious complication. A patent foramen ovale (PFO) can act as a conduit to the arterial circulation, which could explain the adverse neurologic consequence of this procedure. This case provides pathologic evidence of this concept.

Case summary
A 66-year-old female presented with syncope after undergoing varicose vein sclerotherapy. A computed tomography angiography of the head and neck in the emergency room revealed an occluded right distal M1 middle cerebral artery. Clot retrieval was performed with final pathology revealing amorphous material consistent with an exogenous agent, polidocanol foam, which was used for the patient’s vein sclerotherapy. A transthoracic echocardiogram and transoesophageal echocardiogram showed a PFO, which was ultimately closed percutaneously.

Discussion
In a quarter of the population, lack of closure of the intrauterine interatrial shunt leads to the existence of a PFO. This direct communication between the atria provides an anatomical conduit for paradoxical emboli and eventually infarction of affected tissues. While a paradoxical embolism is an uncommon cause of acute arterial occlusion, it can have catastrophic sequelae. Historically, the presence of an arterial thrombus from the venous circulation has been difficult to establish unless the thrombus is visualized in transit through a PFO. Complications from vein sclerotherapy have been reported in the literature and include transient ischaemic attacks and strokes, however, this is the first case to provide pathological proof of a paradoxical embolism, which ultimately resulted in percutaneous closure of the PFO.
The influence of a Sprint optimization and training intervention on time spent in the electronic health record (EHR)
Authors: Sieja Amber , Whittington Melanie D , Patterson Vanessa Paul , Markley Katie , Holmstrom Heather , Rotholz Stephen , Gonzalez Christine , Carpenter Michael Scott , Lin Chen-Tan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
We report the influence of Sprint electronic health record (EHR) training and optimization on clinician time spent in the EHR.

Materials and Methods
We studied the Sprint process in one academic internal medicine practice with 26 providers. Program offerings included individualized training sessions, and the ability to clean up, fix, or build new EHR tools during the 2-week intervention. EHR usage log data were available for 24 clinicians, and the average clinical full-time equivalent was 0.44. We used a quasi-experimental study design with an interrupted time series specification, with 8 months of pre- and 12 months of post-intervention data to evaluate clinician time spent in the EHR.

Results
We discovered a greater than 6 h per day reduction in clinician time spent in the EHR at the clinic level. At the individual clinician level, we demonstrated a time savings of 20 min per clinician per day among those who attended at least 2 training sessions.

Discussion
We can promote EHR time savings for clinicians who engage in robust EHR training and optimization programs. To date, programs have shown a positive correlation between participation and subjective EHR satisfaction, efficiency, or time saved. The impact of EHR training and optimization on objective time savings remains elusive. By measuring time in the EHR, this study contributes to an ongoing conversation about the resources and programs needed to decrease clinician EHR time.

Conclusions
We have demonstrated that Sprint is associated with time savings for clinicians for up to 6 months. We suggest that an investment in EHR optimization and training can pay dividends in clinician time saved.
Consensus decision-making and democratic discourse in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1947 and World Trade Organisation
Authors: O’Hara Claerwen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper provides a genealogy of consensus decision-making and democratic discourse in the multilateral trade regime. It argues that the contemporary link between the World Trade Organisation’s consensus procedure and ideas of ‘international democracy’ has its roots in a struggle that took place over the international economic order in the 1960s and 1970s.
Department of Defense Global Health Engagement and the Women, Peace, and Security Agenda Can Serve as Mutually Reinforcing Security Cooperation Capabilities to Support U.S. National Security Objectives
Authors: Kumpf Josh , Currie Carolyn , Shinwari Sayed , Francis Yara 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
The DoD Global Health Engagement community of policymakers, planners, and implementers—to include Combatant Command Surgeons’ offices, humanitarian/civic assistance program managers, and tactical units—is uniquely positioned to be a leader within the wider security cooperation community for integrating Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) principles into existing programming and planning, and for executing WPS activities with partner nations in support of U.S. national security goals. Global Health Engagement and the WPS Agenda together can serve as mutually reinforcing, valuable capabilities to support U.S. security cooperation goals.
Qualitative Evaluation of the Africa Malaria Task Force Symposia Effectiveness on African Partner Nations’ Malaria Vector Management Capacity
Authors: Gebreyesus Tsega , Lantry F Julian , Reed Eva 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionCreating health alliances to build meaningful networks is critical to combating regional and global burdens of disease. These alliances work by uniting support for elimination efforts through cooperative engagement at the national and international levels. The reduction in malaria-related morbidity and mortality in Africa since 2001 is in part because of investments of international organizations and governments in national level malaria control and prevention-related programs and research. Investment in malaria reduction networks has contributed to this success by strengthening support to overcome the conditions that restrict or prevent change through local laboratory and epidemiological capacity building, thereby resulting in a decrease in burden of disease, increase in economic prosperity, and improvements in stability worldwide.The reformation of local military efforts to combat disease through incorporation into health security alliance networks by the provision of training and financial support is key to reinforcing this success at the national level. One such example of this is the U.S. Africa Command (USAFRICOM) established and partner nation (PN) led Africa Malaria Task Force (AMTF) program. USAFRICOM’s mission for AMTF as a health security alliance was to develop sustainable African-led malaria diagnostic, vector surveillance and control capabilities, and to increase collaborations among AMTF military PNs by enabling national and international-level network capacity.Materials and MethodsThe overall objective of this evaluation of the AMTF program was to assess the implementation effectiveness of two AMTF supported symposia in improving the individual, organizational, and institutional diagnostic capacity of the Ghanaian, Ivorian, and Senegalese armed forces. The specific aims of this process evaluation were to identify procedural, contextual, and capacity-related factors that influence the effect of the symposia events on laboratory capabilities at the individual, organizational, and institutional levels through a two-phased formative evaluation approach utilizing qualitative methodologies.Results and ConclusionsFindings indicate that the AMTF program symposia positively encouraged malaria prevention and control efforts in all three countries included in the evaluation. Conclusions suggest that learning about the different types of malaria prevention and control efforts underway in other countries helped to contextualize the burden of malaria-related morbidity and mortality not only within their respective countries, but also across the African continent. Participation in the AMTF Symposia and Key Leader Events helped military leadership clarify the purpose and intention of their military objectives related to systemic malaria prevention and control while purposefully contributing to national land international-level malaria reduction capacity.
COVID-19 and autoinflammatory diseases: prevalence and outcomes of infection and early experience of vaccination in patients on biologics
Authors: Peet Claire J , Papadopoulou Charalampia , Sombrito Bella Ruth M , Wood Michael R , Lachmann Helen J 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The systemic autoinflammatory diseases are rare conditions; to date, data on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and vaccination safety are scarce. Agents targeting innate immune pathways have transformed the management of affected patients, and their outcomes are of wider interest given the role of inflammation in both viral clearance and severe COVID-19 disease. We surveyed patients with systemic autoinflammatory disease on biologic therapy to determine the prevalence and outcomes of COVID-19 infection and to gather early safety data on vaccination.

Methods
Electronic medical records of 248 patients with systemic autoinflammatory disease on biologic therapy at a national centre were reviewed. Patients were then surveyed in clinic or using a Web-based survey.

Results
In the cohort of 248 patients, no deaths were recorded. One hundred and seventy-five survey responses were received. Among the respondents, 27 reported suspected COVID-19 infection, of which 14 were confirmed by testing (8.0%). Two patients required hospital admission owing to dehydration. No patient required respiratory support or intensive care. One hundred and thirty-eight doses of COVID-19 vaccine had been administered to 130 patients. Side effects were reported after 71 of 138 (51.4%) administrations and were consistent with a flare of the underlying disease in 26 of 138 (18.8%) instances. No serious adverse events or hospital admissions were reported after vaccination.

Conclusion
These data, including the largest published series of patients on anti-IL-1/6 biologics to receive any adenoviral vector or messenger RNA vaccine, show no serious early concerns regarding vaccination and will provide an urgently needed resource to inform decision-making of these patients and their clinicians.