bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Development of Taman Harmoni Tourism Area, Karangasem based on Local Wisdom’s Value
Authors: Salain N R P , Mahastuti N M M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Sustainable development is raised as the theme of the article which is then analyzed based on the value of local wisdom with three main pillars, namely economic, environmental, and social aspects. Manik Ring Cucupu, Tattwa, Susila, Upacara, and Tri Hita Karana are the values of local wisdom used in organizing sustainable development in Taman Harmoni. The purpose of writing this article is to know the existence of economic, environmental, and social aspects that are the pillars of sustainable development in the Taman Harmoni tourist area based on the values of local wisdom. The method used is Qualitative Descriptive with data collection techniques through direct observation, interviews, and literature studies. The result of this writing is sustainable development in the economic aspect prioritizes the natural sustainability of the environment which is assumed to be a “container” as well as the value of local wisdom Manik Ring Cucupu which perceives the built environment with a natural environment such as a fetus in the womb of a mother; Sustainable development in environmental aspects is planned based on the value of local wisdom, namely Tattwa (philosophy), Susila (ethics), and Upacara (religious rituals); Sustainable development in environmental aspects, dividing the area of Taman Harmoni into three areas namely Parahyangan, Pawongan, and Palemahan in accordance with the teaching values of Tri Hita Karana.
Effect of (N.P.K) Nano and Mineral Fertilizer on Some Growth Characteristics of Pinus Brutia Ten. Seedlings by Foliar Application
Authors: Shareef Sahira Saleh , Qasim Haitham Abdul Jabbar , Omar Omar Muzaffar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The study was carried out in the greenhouse of the Department of Forestry/College of Agriculture and Forestry/the University of Mosul for the period from 15/9/2020 to 15/8/2021 to study the effect of spraying with N.P.K nano and mineral fertilizer on some growth characteristics of Pinus brutia seedlings. The spraying process was carried out using two types of N.P.K nano fertilizer, the first is (20: 20: 20) and the second is (12:12:36), and N.P.K mineral fertilizer was used in two types, the first is (20: 20: 20) and the second is (12:12:36) at a concentration of 5 g. L-1 for both nano and mineral, and by four sprays (2 autumns + 2 spring). The results showed the superiority of nano fertilizer (20:20:20) over the rest of the treatments in terms of the increase in longitudinal and diagonal growth, root length and diameter, and the wet and dry weight of the vegetative mass, which amounted to 28.3167 cm, 3.8383 mm, 58.5333 cm, 5.52000 mm, 32.4703 g and 13.9210 g respectively. The mineral fertilizer (20:20:20) also showed significant superiority over all treatments as it gave 27.4833 cm, 3.5939 mm, 57.1778 cm, 5.26278 mm, 29.7901 g and 13.3387 for the studied traits, respectively, an increase in longitudinal and diagonal growth, root length, root diameter and wet and dry weight of the stem. The interaction between the two fertilizers N.P.K nano (20:20:20) and mineral N.P.K (20:20:20) was significantly superior by giving the highest average growth of all studied traits, as it gave 30,717 cm, 4.2680 mm, 61,000 cm, 5.8493 mm, 36.135 g and 15.8160, respectively.
Genetic Variation Among Three Zea Mays L Cultivars In Iraq
Authors: Khaleel Faten , saeed Janan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMaize is a very fertile and widely environmental grown crop and it globally cultivated. The purpose of our research was to determine genetic variation among three Zea mays L. cultivars (Al maha, Drachma and Talar F-1). The primer ITS1 and ITS4 used as a molecular marker in a conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with a 290 bp ampli- fication outcome. The nucleotide sequences of amplification products were analyzed, sequence alignment was significantly revealed which confirming Zea mays diagnosis. Furthermore, analysis of genetic relationship revealed a neighboring relationship between Talar F-1 and Almaha cultivars(93),whereas phylogeny schematic diagram clearly showed presence of Drachma cultivar in other cluster(77).
The Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium in Some Growth Properties of Rosa Damascena Mill L.
Authors: Eedan Razzaq Owayez , Bajlan Sabah Ga. Sh. , Aljeboory Sabbar Rahi Jasim 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The experiment was conducted on cuttings of Rosa damascena mill L. During the period from mid-March of 2014 until the end of 2015 before the period of formation of flowers for picking at the College of Agriculture/University of Karbala According to the design of complete random sectors, The research included a global experiment with three different factors of the first chemical fertilizer nitrogen fertilization and three levels (0, 0.5 and 1 gm N. Kg -1 soil) and fertilization with the element phosphorus with three levels (0, 15 and 30 mg P2O5. Kg -1 soil) and three levels of Potassium (0, 100 and 200 mg K2O. Kg -1 soil). The results showed that the single effect of the fertilization treatment with nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium resulted in a significant increase in the characteristic of plant height and number of leaves, and the fertilization treatment with nitrogen and phosphorus component separately resulted in the production of seedlings that were characterized by a high dry green weight compared to the comparison treatment. The data of the bilateral overlap between nitrogen and phosphorous indicate the presence of significant differences, as the treatment with nitrogen component gave a concentration of (0.5 and 1 g. Kg-1) overlapping with the component of phosphorus concentration (30 mg. Kg-1) with the highest significant rate of (39.66 cm). The treatment of the triple interference between nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium gave a significant effect on all the studied traits.
Response of Yield Components of Some Black Rice Cultivars to Spraying With The Amino Acid Phenylalanin
Authors: Abakah Ahmed Jaafar Sadiq , Al-Mohammad Maher Hamid Salman 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Three rice varieties (Goura, Chakhao and Local) were grown during two seasons 2019-2020, aimed to assessment of different levels of spraying of phenylalanine on performance of the grain yield components in different rice varieties. The selected three varieties (sub plots) were grown under the influence of four levels of phenylalanine spraying (main plots), included amino acid treatments occupied the main plates 50, 100 and 150 mg.L-1 as well as the control treatment (spraying distilled water only), the experiment applied in split plots arrangements in RCBD with three replications. The results showed a significant superiority of the Goura genotype selected by giving the highest averages in plant height, total grains number per panicles, 1000 grains weight, grain yield, Biological yield, percentage of harvest index and tillers number plant, that reached to 118.47 cm, 144.25 grains.panicl-1, 23.44 g, 6.70 tons.hectare-1, 12.06 tons.hectare-1,54.82% and 18.40 tillers.plant-1 respectively, while the genotype significantly superior to Local Selected by giving the highest averages in the leaves content of total chlorophyll pigments SPAD, which amounted to 39.13 SPAD. The spraying of the amino acid phenylalanine at a concentration of 50 mg.l-1 was significantly superior by giving the highest averages in the indicators of vegetative growth, yield and its components.
Effect of Planting Dates and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Safflower
Authors: Al-Zubaidy Zainab N. M. A. , Al-Mohammad Maher H. S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out during winter agricultural season 2020/2021 in Babylon Governorate in at Tajieh region, southeast of Hilla city, to study the effect of planting dates and nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and yield of safflower. The experiment included two factors: planting dates (1 and 15 November and 1 December), and nitrogen fertilizer at levels (0, 90, 120 and 150 kgN.ha-1), the treatments were distributed in a factorial experiment with a randomized completely block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The results showed significant superiority of planting date at December 1 on most growth and yield components parameters, it recorded the highest averages on seed yield, dry matter yield and harvest index amounted to 1576.2, 6126.0 kg.ha-1 and 25.6% respectively. However, nitrogen fertilizer at concentration 150 kg N.ha-1 affected all growth and yield and its components, it gave the highest averages for seed yield, dry matter yield and harvest index amounted to 1762.2, 6626.8 kg.ha-1 and 26.6%, respectively.
Consumers Choice and Preference for Chicken Meat in Sulaymaniyah
Authors: Neima Hemin A. , Sirwan Kawan , Hameed Khansa 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Chicken meat consumption and demand have significantly increased in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) after 2003, which has led to the growth of poultry production and risen import from abroad. Consumer preferences study can be a determinant factor for poultry production development strategies to fill local demand gaps and global market competition. This study aimed to identify the consumer preference of chicken meat regarding the type, size, parts, marketplace, and other vital aspects considered by consumers when buying chicken meat, and the internal and external factors that affect consumer preference in the chicken meat purchasing choice. A descriptive study was conducted in Sulaymaniyah city, and the data were collected through a structured questionnaire form. This study indicated that 47.7% of the respondents prefer local Kurdish chicken (Mrishki Kurdi). 50% of the consumers in the Sulaymaniyah city prefer to buy whole chicken weighed between (2-3 Kg), 35.4% at the nearest or trusted meat shop, 38.5% at the wet markets, and 69.3% alive chicken slaughtered at the wet market at the time of purchase. Additionally, the internal factors (sensory features and perceptual features) were more dominant (sum total=4.084) than External factors (information, social environment, and physical environment) (sum total=3.599). Conclusions derived from the results suggest that the current study can contribute to a better understanding of consumers and improve the agribusiness value chain in KRI. The results from this study are recommended to examine consumer behavior and preference for agri-foods to build an integrated sustainable food production system based on consumers' needs and demands in the KRI and compete with the imported products.
Biological Control of The White Cochineal Parlatoria Blanchardi (Hemiptera - Diaspididae) by Using Coccidiphagous Ladybirds and Biopesticides in Palm Groves of The Region of Ouargla (South-East Algeria)
Authors: Hayet Benameur-Saggou , Chennouf Rekia , Insar Gassou , Noureddine Kirouane , Khaoula Goui , Keltoum Benbrahim 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The white cochineal of the date palm is a very serious pest in the palm groves of the Ouargla region (South-East Algeria). Our attempt at biological control of this pest was based on the use of two coccidiphagous ladybirds Pharoscymnus ovoideus and Pharoscymnus numidicus and aqueous extracts of two Saharan plants Solenostemma argel and Azadirachta indica with two doses in two palm groves in the Ouargla region. The results obtained are very encouraging. White cochineal infestation rates of treated plants decreased considerably especially for the high dose of two treatments. The infestation rate decreased from 52.54% to 35.49% with P.ovoideus (120 ladybirds/tree) and from 54.03% to 18.88% with Neem extract (dose 5%), to 11.01% with Argel extract (dose 7.5%). The two ladybirds and the two extracts used showed highly significant differences (P=0.000), as did the two doses used (P< 0.0001). Our control attempt also showed an efficiency that increased with the increase of the dose used. It is 0.119±0.20 with the low dose of P. ovoideus to reach an efficiency of 0.324±0.23. For the extract-based treatments, the highest efficacy was recorded with the high dose Argel (0.812±0.22). It should be noted that the low doses used for both treatments gave insignificant results compared to their controls with the high doses, which showed very high significant differences with P=0.000 for the ladybird releases and P<0.0001 for the high doses of the water extracts.
Controlling Strategies of Citrus to Increase The Yield in The Country: A step Towards The Fight Against COVID-19
Authors: Abbas Ghulam , Al-Taey Duraid K.A. , Al-Azawi Saad S.M. , Mehdizadeh Mohammad , Qureshi Razia A. M. , Jasman Ammar K , Slomy Ali K , Khan Mumtaz A. , Jabbar Makhdoom Abdul , Iqbal Asif , Arshad Maria , Rehman Jalees Ur , Konca Yusuf , Arshad Muhammad , Ahmad Mehmood 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCitrus (oranges, lemon, mandarin, limes and tangarines) has significant nutritional value in human foods. It is rich source of vitamin C, sugar, organic acids, amino acids, minerals like Ca, Mg and various other phytochemicals (flavonoids, hesperidin etc) compounds that are responsible for good health. Citrus is growing in more than one forty countries of the world including Pakistan, Brazil, China, Mexico, USA, Spain and India.Viral infection and inflammation triggers the production of oxygen free radicals and these radicals severely damage the cells, however hesperidin and vitamin C is reported to counteract these damages. Intake of plentiful citrus fruits is one of amongst the many possible approaches to prevent from COVID-19 role of nutrition. Citrus fruit are very rich in important substances with a potential beneficial for health such as modulating the immunity and in protecting cells from oxidative stress related with infection. Flavonoids and hesperidin two major key compound found in citrus have affinity to treat Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Hesperidin has a low binding energy, both with the coronavirus “spike” protein, and with the fundamental protease that alters the primary proteins of the virus (pp1a and ppa1b) into the complex liable for viral replication hence these compounds could work as an antiviral function. Pakistan is amongst top ten citrus producers in the world. Citrus is one of the best commercial fruits of Pakistan cultivated on a large area, however, in Pakistan yield of citrus has been affected due to attack of insects and pathogens (nematode, fungal, bacterial and viral) which causes heavy losses both in quality and quantity. The purpose of this article is to focusing on the controlling the pathogens of citrus to boost citrus production in country as these beneficial plants are well known for its essential vitamin and flavonoid contents to control COVID-19.
Effect of Adding SAPs Polymers and Spraying With Organic Fertilizer on The Vegetative and Root Growth Characteristics of Lawns
Authors: Al-Assafi Ali Karim Ali , Mahmood Saad A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The experiment was carried out in the fields of the Department of Horticulture and Landscaping, College of Agriculture - Anbar University for the period from 1/4/2020 to 31/1/2021 to experience the effectiveness of adding SAPs, spraying with organic fertilizers and the interaction between them in the vegetative and root growth characteristics of the lawn. The polymers were used in three concentrations (0, 20, 40) g kg-1 soil, while the organic fertilizer was in four concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5) ml.L-1. A factorial experiment was carried out according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results showed that the addition of polymers at the level of 40 g kg-1 soil had significant differences in the average plant density, root length, dry matter percentage and chlorophyll content in the vegetative group was 47.83 plant 100 cm-2, 25.20 cm, 36.85% and 89.36 mg g-1 for hot season and 29.17%, 36.19 m mg-1 for cold season. The high concentration of organic fertilizer 1.5 ml L-1 showed significant differences in plant density, number of branches in the crown area, root length, dry matter percentage and chlorophyll content in the vegetative group was 46.00 plant 100 cm-2, 9.10 branch plant-1, 25.14 cm and 36.41%, 87.80 mg g-1 for hot season and 29.04%, 33.99 mg g-1 for cold season. The interaction treatment between the level of application of polymers 40 g kg-1 soil and the treatment of adding organic fertilizer 1.5 ml L-1 showed significant differences in the number of branches, root length, dry matter percentage and chlorophyll content in the vegetative group was 9.83 branch plant-1, 27.36 cm and 39.65%, 99.31 mg g-1 for hot season and 33.44%, 42.10 mg g-1 for cold season.
Effect of Adding Sulfur and Organic Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Onions (Allium Cepa L.) Under Different Plant Densities
Authors: Al-Amri Basim K. F. , Al-Abdaly Maath M. M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA field experiment was conducted in the Amiriyat al-Fallujah district of the Anbar governorate to know the effect of the combination of sulfur and organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of onion, (a local red type), under different plant densities. The experiment included two factors, first: a combination of fertilizing with decomposing Cow’s manure (20 tons.ha-1) and sulfur (50 kg.ha-1), and this factor was distributed as follows (T0: fertilizer recommendation (NPK 100-100-120 kg.ha-1 It is considered a control). T1: cow waste + half of the chemical fertilizer recommendation and T2: fertilizer recommendation + sulfur addition and T3: Cow’s manure + half of the fertilizer recommendation + sulfur addition and T4: double the recommendation of cow manure (40 t.ha-1 + half of the fertilizer recommendation + adding sulfur). The second factor: planting distances (S1:10×10, S2:10×15, and S3:10×20) cm. The distance between plants was fixed 10 cm and the dimensions changed between one line and another. The study was carried out as a factorial experiment with the randomized complete block design (RCBD). The results showed clear significant differences for the two study factors in characteristics of vegetative growth, yield, and the content of total soluble solids, as the T4S3 treatment exceeded by giving it the highest number of tubular blades, leaf area and the highest percentage of sulfur in the leaves, which was positively reflected on the plant yield and percentage the total soluble solids amounted to (16.57 blades.plant-1, 15.97 dm2, 1.70%, 0.64%, 104.50 g, 15.83%), respectively, The treatment of planting distances S1 achieved significant differences in the total yield (90.39 tons.ha-1 and 8.91 kg) respectively compared to plants of treatment S3, which achieved(74.29 tons.ha-1and 5.39 kg).
Performance of Two Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes Under Modern and Conventional Farming Methods in Three Locations in Iraq
Authors: Musa Abdulkadhim Jawad , Abbas Saddam Hussein , Hameed Khidhir Abbas 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The conservation of natural resources like soil and water and reduces chemical pollution in the environment is the desired goal of the directions of improving the performance of important crops for meeting the global food demand. However,System of Rice Intensification (SRI), is a rice cropping system that is consistent with Conservation Agricultural (CA) and Sustainable Agriculture (SA). The current study was aimed to investigate the effects of SRI method on grain yield and its components in two rice varieties compared with conventional practice in farmers' fields (CFM) in different environmental conditions in Iraq. The study was conducted in the fields during the rice season 2019 in three provinces in the south of Iraq (Najaf, Diwaniya and Muthanna). Anber33 and Jasmine rice varieties were grown in each location and the traits were conducted at sites having 2 donum of land (5,000 m2).The trial was performed as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) having three blocks. The results showed superior significant of SRI method compared to CFM method in traits (plant height and panicle length, number per panicle, and percentage of unfilled grains). Furthermore, SRI method gave higher grain yield as a percentage with both varieties in each province (25.6% in Muthanna, 24.5% in Najaf, and 13.2% in Diwaniya province) compared to CFM. However, grain yield in Jasmine variety was higher than on Anber33 approximately 50% in three locations in this study. Overall, our results suggest that SRI method is the most convenient method in Iraq conditions due to the increased grain yield in rice compared to the CFM method.
Effect Of Organic Fertilizer and Emitter Type on The Growth and Yield of Broccoli (Brassica Oleracea Var Italica)With Evaluation of The Drip Irrigation System
Authors: Mohammed Hayat I. , Abdul Rahman Harith B. , Tahir Hussain T. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in field during the season 2020-2021 at The Al-sayade Research Station of the College of Agriculture/University of Kirkuk, and aimed to study the impact of three types of organic fertilization (without fertilization, sheep fertilizer, organic fertilizer), and three types of Emitter (GR, Turbo, Spiral ) and the interaction between them in the growth and yield of Broccoli ( Brassica oleracea Var.italica ) and the evaluation of the Drip Irrigation System. A factorial experiment was carried out according split split – plot design of the Random Complete Block Design R.C.B.D and obtained data was statistical analyzed by using SAS system and Duncan multi –Range test at the probability level of %5 used to compared among the mean of treatment. The results showed that organic fertilization of sheep fertilizer gave a significant increase in the height of the plant 66.27 cm. The H (250g.d-1 in four stages) fertilizer adding showed a significantly Superiority for traits of the yield of plant and total yield of plant (902.84 g plant-1 and 45.142 ton ha-1, respectively). However, the treatment without fertilization has given a significant increase of total chlorophyll ratio to 25.44 mg. g-1.Turboemitter recorded a significant increase in the height of the plant 67.233cm. whereas, the GR emitter showed a significant increase the total chlorophyll ratio by 25.830mg g-1and superior in percentage of dry material in main head recorded by %12.694. The interaction between H fertilizer and Turbo emitter, had significantly differences of the most of the qualities traits were studied. When evaluating the drip irrigation system, it noted the superiority of the GR emitter treatement was gave the lowest plants the Coefficient of Variation 0.051 % with the highest absolute field emission uniformity reach to 98.84%, the highest efficient water distribution with 98.08% and the lowest water consumption 43.17mm.