bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deficiency of Procollagen C-Proteinase Enhancer 1 in Mice has No Major Impact on Cardiac Collagen and Function Under Basal Conditions
Authors: Sansilvestri-Morel Patricia , Harouki-Crochemore Najah , Bertin Florence , Bertheux Hélène , Vermeil de Conchard Guy , Diguet Nicolas , Desfosses Emilie , Lecomte Mathilde , Gonzalez Arantxa , Diez Javier , Tupinon-Mathieu Isabelle , Delerive Philippe 
Published: August 2021

Abstract:
Maturation of fibrillar collagen is known to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of myocardial fibrosis. Procollagen C-proteinase enhancer 1 (PCPE1) has a key role in procollagen maturation and collagen fibril formation. The phenotype of both male and female PCPE1 knock-out mice was investigated under basal conditions to explore the potential of PCPE1 as a therapeutic target in heart failure. Global constitutive PCPE1−/− mice were generated. Serum procollagen I C-terminal propeptide, organ histology, and cutaneous wound healing were assessed in both wild type (WT) and PCPE1−/− mice. In addition, the cardiac expression of genes involved in collagen metabolism was investigated and the total and insoluble cardiac collagen contents determined. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. No differences in survival, clinical chemistry, or organ histology were observed in PCPE1−/− mice compared with WT. Serum procollagen I C-terminal propeptide was lower in PCPE1−/− mice. Cardiac mRNA expression of Bmp1, Col1a1, Col3a1, and Loxl2 was similar, whereas Tgfb and Loxl1 mRNA levels were decreased in PCPE1−/− mice compared with sex-matched WT. No modification of total or insoluble cardiac collagen content was observed between the 2 strains. Ejection fraction was slightly decreased in PCPE1−/− male mice, but not in females. Finally, wound healing was not altered in PCPE1−/− mice. PCPE1 deficiency does not trigger any major liabilities and does not affect cardiac collagen content nor its function under basal conditions. Further studies are required to evaluate its role under stressed conditions and determine its suitability as a therapeutic target for heart failure.
Association of proteinuria and hypertension with incident atrial fibrillation in an elderly population: nationwide data from a community-based elderly cohort
Authors: Park Yoon Jung , Yang Pil-Sung , Yu Hee Tae , Kim Tae-Hoon , Jang Eunsun , Uhm Jae-Sun , Pak Hui-Nam , Lee Moon-Hyoung , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Joung Boyoung 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
The excess risk of atrial fibrillation in relation to the presence of proteinuria associated with hypertension has not been well elucidated. We aimed to determine the effect of hypertension and/or proteinuria on the incidence of atrial fibrillation. Second, we evaluated whether the associations with temporal changes in proteinuria status on the incidence of atrial fibrillation.

Methods and results:
A total of 85 434 participants with hypertension and 125 912 participants without hypertension with age at least 60 years from the Korea National Health Insurance Service-Senior cohort were included. Amongst controls (participants without proteinuria and hypertension), hypertension only, proteinuria only, and hypertension with proteinuria groups, the adjusted incidences of atrial fibrillation were 0.51, 0.69. 0.78 and 0.99 per 100 person-years, respectively after inverse probability of treatment weighting. Compared with controls, the weighted risks of atrial fibrillation in the hypertension only, proteinuria only and hypertension with proteinuria groups were increased by 37% (hazard ratio 1.37, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.30–1.44, P = 0.001), 55% (hazard ratio 1.55, 95% CI 1.28–1.88, P < 0.001), and 98% (hazard ratio 1.98, 95% CI 1.62–2.43, P < 0.001), respectively. Populations who had proteinuria in the first examination had an increased risk of atrial fibrillation even in the group whereby the proteinuria was resolved on the second examination (hazard ratio 1.36, 95% CI 1.12–2.31, P < 0.001). The presence of proteinuria in first and second analysis had the highest risk of incident atrial fibrillation (hazard ratio 1.61, 95% CI 1.12–2.31).

Conclusion:
In conclusion, hypertension and/or proteinuria were associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation, with the greatest risks when both are present. Proteinuria could be a useful factor for predicting atrial fibrillation development.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FOVEAL MICROVASCULATURE IN CHILDREN WITH MARFAN SYNDROME
Authors: Chen Hui , Ng Kit Yee , Li Songshan , Jin Guangming , Cao Qianzhong , Lian Zhangkai , Luo Xiaoling , Ding Xiaoyan , Zheng Danying 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
To investigate the characteristics of foveal microvasculature in children with Marfan syndrome (MFS).

Methods:
Ninety eyes from 45 MFS patients and 76 eyes from 38 healthy individuals of age-matched, sex-matched, and axial length-matched were enrolled. Characteristics of the superficial capillary plexus including the vessel density, perfusion density, and foveal avascular zone were analyzed by optical coherence tomography angiography.

Results:
The vessel density and the circularity index of the foveal avascular zone were significantly decreased in the MFS group compared with the controls (P = 0.017 and P = 0.004 respectively). In MFS group, the central vessel density (P = 0.003) and perfusion density (P = 0.001) were negatively correlated with the best-corrected visual acuity. The foveal avascular zone area was correlated with the aortic diameters (P = 0.001) and the paratemporal perfusion density was correlated with the ejection fraction (P = 0.003). Moreover, the paratemporal perfusion density and the circularity index of foveal avascular zone were found to be correlated with the aortic Z-score (P < 0.001 and P = 0.003 respectively).

Conclusion:
Retinal microvascular decrease and its correlation with best-corrected visual acuity and cardiac functions were observed in the MFS group. The optical coherence tomography angiography may help to characterize the underlying pathophysiology features of MFS and enable early detection and prevention of vascular changes in MFS.
A Novel Surgical Approach for Big Sheet Allogenic Retinal Pigment Epithelium–Bruch Membrane Complex Transplantation Into the Subretinal Space
Authors: Hu Yuntao , Du Yu , Jin Ying , Feng Kang , Chen Huijin , Han Liang , Qu Hongqiang , Ma Zhizhong 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
Allogenic transplantation of retinal pigmented epithelium monolayer sheet has experienced bottlenecks due to imperfect surgical techniques. In this study, we developed a novel approach for allogenic transplantation of big sheets of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)–Bruch membrane complex.

Methods:
RPE–Bruch membrane complex sheets of 5 × 6 mm2 to 10 × 10 mm2 were taken from donated eyes. Through a novel approach, the sheets of RPE–Bruch membrane complex were transplanted into the subretinal space of eight eyes (8 patients) with late-stage retinitis pigmentosa. The patients were followed up for 5 ± 2 months.

Results:
All RPE–Bruch membrane complexes were successfully inserted into the subretinal space during the surgery. Follow-up examinations also showed that the grafts attached well to the transplantation site. No rejection or retinal detachment was found.

Conclusion:
Through our technique, big sheets of allogenic RPE–Bruch membrane complexes could be implanted into the subretinal space smoothly. This novel approach may be useful for big sheet of allogenic RPE-derived or stem cells-derived RPE transplantation in the treatment of RP and other retinal dystrophic diseases.
Enhancing Scleral Buckling Surgery Using an Illuminated Scleral Depressor
Authors: Mariacher Siegfried , Khalil Haidar , Bolz Matthias 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
To report a technique for scleral buckling surgery under the operating microscope with wide-field viewing.

Methods:
The identification and reliable marking of retinal breaks is one of the key steps for successful surgery in scleral buckling. For sufficient visualization of retinal breaks, some kind of indentation and illumination is necessary. In this technique, one instrument (Visible Periphery illuminated scleral indentor; Oertli Instrumente AG, Switzerland) combines scleral depression, illumination, and color marking (using a surgical marking pen) of the corresponding sclera above the retinal break.

Results:
The illuminated scleral depressor enables the surgeon to safely and precisely mark the retinal break while stabilizing and rotating the eye with the other hand. This technique simplifies scleral buckling surgery by improving the handling and visualization of marking retinal breaks at the corresponding scleral. Neither intraoperative indirect ophthalmoscopy nor sclerotomies for chandelier light systems or any intraocular instrument are necessary.

Conclusion:
The illuminated scleral depressor facilitates scleral buckling surgery in a convenient way for easy and precise scleral marking of the retinal breaks even in challenging situations and positions of retinal breaks under the operating microscope with wide-field viewing. Indirect ophthalmology or other illumination sources are no longer needed.
PERIPAPILLARY PACHYCHOROID SYNDROME
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Azad Shorya V. , Verma Saurabh , Surve Abhidnya , Vohra Rajpal , Venkatesh Pradeep 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
Available literature on peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome (PPS) is very limited. The purpose of this study is to evaluate features of PPS using multimodal imaging and shed further light on this entity.

Methods:
This is a retrospective case series at a tertiary eye-care center. Patients with features of pachychoroid with preferential choroidal thickening in nasal macula along with pachyvessels were identified and included for analysis. The patients underwent fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography, fundus fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine angiography. Images were separately analyzed by two different retina specialists.

Results:
A total of 27 eyes of 14 patients with mean age of 52.2 years were included. Seven patients had bilateral PPS, whereas six had unilateral; one patient had only one seeing eye. A total of 21 eyes with PPS were studied. 52.4% of the eyes revealed retinal pigment epithelium gravitational tracks, outer retinal atrophy, and serous PEDs. None of the eyes showed choroidal folds. Fundus fluorescein angiography showed late leakage at macula in 33% eyes. Fundus autofluorescence showed features of PPS to be similar to central serous chorioretinopathy in most cases.

Conclusion:
Peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome shares common findings with central serous chorioretinopathy and seems to be a subset of central serous chorioretinopathy than a separate entity in pachychoroid disease spectrum.
UVEITIS AFTER THE BNT162b2 mRNA VACCINATION AGAINST SARS-CoV-2 INFECTION
Authors: Rabinovitch Tamar , Ben-Arie-Weintrob Yael , Hareuveni-Blum Tamar , Shaer Boaz , Vishnevskia-Dai Vicktoria , Shulman Shiri , Newman Hadas , Biadsy Muhammad , Masarwa Dua , Fischer Naomi , Yovel Oren , Goldfeather-Ben Zaken Shalhevet , Habot-Wilner Zohar 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
To describe uveitis cases after the BNT162b2 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

Methods:
This is a multicenter, retrospective study. Vaccine-related uveitis diagnosis was supported by the classification of the World Health Organization Adverse Drug Terminology and the Naranjo criteria.

Results:
Twenty-one patients (23 eyes) with a mean age of 51.3 years (23–78 years) were included. Eight of the 21 patients had a known history of uveitis. The median time from previous to current attack was 1 year (0.5–15 years). There were 21 anterior uveitis cases, two with bilateral inflammation. Eight cases occurred after the first vaccination and 13 after the second vaccination. All but three presented as mild to moderate disease. Two patients developed multiple evanescent white dot syndrome after the second vaccination. The mean time from vaccination to uveitis onset was 7.5 ± 7.3 days (1–30 days). At final follow-up, complete resolution was achieved in all but two eyes, which showed significant improvement. One case of severe anterior uveitis developed vitritis and macular edema after the second vaccination, which completely resolved after an intravitreal dexamethasone injection.

Conclusion:
Uveitis may develop after the administration of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. The most common complication was mild to moderate anterior uveitis, while multiple evanescent white dot syndrome can also occur less frequently.
INTRAOCULAR LENS MALPOSITION AFTER SUTURELESS INTRASCLERAL FIXATION OF INTRAOCULAR LENS
Authors: Byun Zeeyoon , Kong Mingui , Son Gisung 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
To introduce cases of intraocular lens (IOL) malposition after sutureless intrascleral fixation.

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients who underwent sutureless intrascleral fixation. Cases with postoperative IOL requiring reoperation were analyzed further.

Results:
Of the 48 eyes that underwent sutureless intrascleral fixation of their IOL, seven eyes had postoperative IOL malposition and underwent reoperation (14.6%). There was no difference in the clinical results between the intravitreal (33 eyes) and intracameral (15 eyes) techniques, but IOL malposition requiring reoperation was more frequent in the latter (2 cases [6.1%] vs. 5 cases [33.3%], P = 0.024). In the 7 eyes that required reoperation, the visual acuity before reoperation was 0.9 ± 0.6 logMAR (20/159), whereas astigmatism was −4.8 ± 3.2 diopters. The visual acuity and cylindrical error improved to 0.1 ± 0.2 logMAR (20/25) and −2.4 ± 2.3 diopters, respectively, at 6 months after the secondary operation.

Conclusion:
In 14.6% of the patients who underwent sutureless intrascleral fixation of the IOL, IOL malposition developed and reoperation was performed. With the intravitreal technique, which uses a wider space than the intracameral technique, the frequency of postoperative IOL malposition could be reduced.
The Profile of Secondary Glaucoma in China: A Study of Over 10,000 Patients
Authors: Gong Haijun , Ren Jiawei , Zheng Bingru , Huang Xiuyi , Liao Yunru , Zhou Yuying , Lin Mingkai 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Few studies have investigated the epidemiology of secondary glaucoma (SG) in China. This study analyzed the current profile of admitted patients with SG at the largest ophthalmic center in China.

Methods:
SG cases were retrieved retrospectively by International Classification of Disease-10 clinical coding data from January 2010 to December 2019. Demographic data, etiologies, and the management of SG were analyzed. The ratios of the etiologies were compared with previously reported data from other regions. The etiologies and management between the 2010 to 2014 group and the 2015 to 2019 group were compared.

Results:
A total of 11,730 cases were enrolled. The mean age of the patients with SG was 44.45±19.45 years old. Men (66.94%) were more vulnerable than women (33.06%). The etiologies of SG in 2010 to 2019 were trauma (28%), vascular disease (18%), lens-induced (9%), inflammation (11%), drug-induced (2%), anterior segment surgery (7%), posterior segment surgery (11%), syndrome-associated (4%), and tumors (1%). Compared with other regions, our data have a higher proportion of trauma and vascular disease-associated SG. Compared with 2010 to 2014, trauma-induced SG declined, and drug-induced SG, anterior segment surgery, and syndrome-associated SG increased in 2015 to 2019 (P<0.001). Vascular disease-associated SG cases were older than trauma-induced SCs and had a higher percentage in retired patients (P<0.001), whereas trauma-induced SGs were more prevalent in pediatric patients than vascular disease-related SGs (P<0.001). In addition, the application of drainage device implantation, cataract surgery, and cyclophotocoagulation increased, whereas trabeculectomy and anterior chamber paracentesis and cyclocryotherapy decreased in 2015 to 2019 (P<0.005).

Conclusion:
Although the etiology spectrum has changed during the last 10 years, trauma and vascular disease are still common causes of SG in southern China. Traditional antiglaucoma surgery decreased gradually, and more advanced treatments emerged for its treatment. Up-to-date knowledge of SGs reflects the impact of economic development and ophthalmic service improvement on SGs and is of great value for ophthalmologists to detect SGs early and manage them in a timely manner.
Conditioned pain modulation is more efficient in patients with painful diabetic polyneuropathy than those with nonpainful diabetic polyneuropathy
Authors: Granovsky Yelena , Shafran Topaz Leah , Laycock Helen , Zubiedat Rabab , Crystal Shoshana , Buxbaum Chen , Bosak Noam , Hadad Rafi , Domany Erel , Khamaisi Mogher , Sprecher Elliot , Bennett David L. , Rice Andrew , Yarnitsky David 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Endogenous pain modulation, as tested by the conditioned pain modulation (CPM) protocol, is typically less efficient in patients with chronic pain compared with healthy controls. We aimed to assess whether CPM is less efficient in patients with painful diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) compared with those with nonpainful DPN. Characterization of the differences in central pain processing between these 2 groups might provide a central nervous system explanation to the presence or absence of pain in diabetic neuropathy in addition to the peripheral one. Two hundred seventy-one patients with DPN underwent CPM testing and clinical assessment, including quantitative sensory testing. Two modalities of the test stimuli (heat and pressure) conditioned to cold noxious water were assessed and compared between patients with painful and nonpainful DPN. No significant difference was found between the groups for pressure pain CPM; however, patients with painful DPN demonstrated unexpectedly more efficient CPMHEAT (−7.4 ± 1.0 vs −2.3 ± 1.6; P = 0.008). Efficient CPMHEAT was associated with higher clinical pain experienced in the 24 hours before testing (r = −0.15; P = 0.029) and greater loss of mechanical sensation (r = −0.135; P = 0.042). Moreover, patients who had mechanical hypoesthesia demonstrated more efficient CPMHEAT (P = 0.005). More efficient CPM among patients with painful DPN might result from not only central changes in pain modulation but also from altered sensory messages coming from tested affected body sites. This calls for the use of intact sites for proper assessment of pain modulation in patients with neuropathy.
Combination of Tranylcypromine and Mirtazapine in Difficult-to-Treat Depression
Authors: Kavakbasi Erhan , Baune Bernhard T. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
About one third of depression patients do not respond to the first antidepressant trial. Difficult-to-treat depression was suggested to characterize the often chronic and severe course of disease. Previous data indicate that tranylcypromine is effective in case of treatment-refractory depression. Many antidepressants are contraindicated in combination with tranylcypromine and other monoamine-oxidase inhibitors because of the risk of serotonin syndrome. The combination of tranylcypromine and amitriptyline was reported to be efficacious and safe in patients with electroconvulsive therapy–resistant major depression.

Methods
In this retrospective chart review, we report a series of 3 cases, in which patients with electroconvulsive therapy–resistant depression were treated with the combination of tranylcypromine and mirtazapine. There are no published clinical data on this combination yet. Disease severity and treatment response were retrospectively assessed with the Clinical Global Impression—Severity and Improvement Scales.

Results
All 3 patients had severe difficult-to-treat depression with chronic course of disease and several times of inpatient treatment without achieving remission. The combination treatment was tolerated well, although the patients had somatic comorbidities. One patient developed mild and self-limiting neuroleptic malignant syndrome in the long-term course after dose increase of concomitant aripiprazole. All 3 patients showed either much or very much improvement.

Conclusions
Under tight clinical controls in inpatient setting and after exhausting of alternatives, the combination of tranylcypromine and mirtazapine could be considered in patients, who do not achieve adequate improvement through common treatment options recommended in the guidelines. The combination has to be ceased, if symptoms of possible serotonin syndrome occur.
Head-to-head comparison between 68Ga-PSMA and 18F-FDG-PET/CT in lymphomas: a preliminary analysis
Authors: de Souza Stephan Pinheiro Macedo , Tobar Natalia , Frasson Fernanda , Perini Efrain Araujo , de Souza Carmino A. , Delamain Marcia T. , Ramos Celso Dario 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
Isolated case reports mention the uptake of radiolabeled PSMA in lymphoma. However, it is not clear if the intensity of 68Ga-PSMA expression varies among different histological subtypes or if it correlates with 18F-FDG uptake. This study compared both tracers in patients with diverse lymphoma subtypes.

Methods
Ten patients with biopsy-proven-lymphoma underwent 18F-FDG and 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT (maximum time interval: 6 days). Lymphoma subtypes included Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL, three patients) and aggressive and indolent non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL, seven patients). The intensity of PSMA uptake was classified visually as low, intermediate, or high, using blood pool, liver and parotid gland uptake as references. Maximum standardized-uptake value (SUVmax) of each affected site was measured in both sets of images.

Results
FDG detected 59/59 involved sites in 10 patients and PSMA 47/59 sites in nine patients. PSMA uptake was generally low, regardless of the intensity of FDG uptake, but it was classified as intermediate in two patients. The median SUVmax varied from 2.0 (2.0–8.2) to 30.9 for FDG and from 1.7 (1.7–1.7) to 4.4 for PSMA, P < 0.0001. The primary lesion of one patient had a marked intralesional mismatch uptake pattern of the tracers, with areas of higher PSMA expression than FDG uptake, and vice-versa. A brain lesion was more easily identified with PSMA than with FDG images.

Conclusion
HL and several NHL subtypes may present PSMA uptake. The intensity of PSMA expression is generally lower than that of FDG uptake and seems to present less variation among the different histological subtypes of lymphomas.