bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Harmonic pada Peralatan Tegangan Satu Phasa di Ruangan Administrasi Bandara
Authors: Cahyadi Catra Indra , Oka I Gusti Agung Ayu Mas , Daryanti Yanti 
Published: May 2021

Beban non linier yang belum berbentuk gelombang sinusoidal telah terdistorsi oleh distorsi harmonisa arus. Beban non linier merupakan salah satu penyebab timbulnya distorsi yang dapat mengakibatkan kualitas daya listrik semakin buruk. Paper ini membahas hasil simulasi penggunaan filter tunggal yang disetel untuk mengurangi distorsi yang disebabkan oleh beban non linier akibat personal computer dan printer untuk pencetakan. Pengukuran menggunakan alat power quality analyzer fluke. Hasil pengukuran terhadap 4 merk PC yang berbeda menunjukan bahwa nilai beban non linier yang dihasilkan mengalami penurunan. Beban personal komputer merk A dari THDi sebesar 120,7 % menurun menjadi 110,8% , merk B dari THDi sebesar 121,9% menjadi 109,9 %, merk C dari THDi sebesar 150,1% menurun menjadi 100,2 %, merk D dari THDi sebesar 176,2% menurun menjadi 104,1 %. Penurunan total harmonic distorsion arus setelah direduksi sebesar 0,8 – 1 %. Penggunaan filter berhasil menurunkan nilai THDi. Non-linear loads that have not been in the form of sinusoidal waves have been distorted by current harmonic distortion. Non-linear loads, one of the causes of distortion can cause the quality of electric power to get worse. Research on the simulation method uses a single filter as a filter that is adjusted to reduce distortion caused by non-linear loads using personal computers and printers for printing machines. Where the measurement uses a Fluke Power quality analyzer, the resulting non-linear load value is obtained on non-linear loads with personal computer loads brand A has a THDi of 120.7% decreasing to 110.8%, brand B THDi of 121.9% becomes 109.9%, the C THDi brand by 150.1% decreased to 100.2%, the D THDi brand by 176.2% decreased to 104.1% where the decrease in the total harmonic current distortion after reduction was 0.8 - 1%. The use of a filter was successful in lowering the THDi value.
The Sacred in the Spatial Arrangements of Chartered Cities in Małopolska in 13th–15th Centuries
Authors: Krasnowolski Bogusław 
Published: May 2021

The sacred space may be analysed in terms of function (parish, monastic and ‘other’ compounds) and origins (pre-incorporation compounds, from compounds from the incorporation and post-incorporation period). The Krakow from the incorporation period of 1257 together with the lower outer settlement – Okół and the suburbs; the sacrum related to the oldest Jewish community occupies a separate space. The sacrum made a considerable contribution to the urban landscape of one of the larger Krakow satellites, i.e. Kazimierz; it was rather modestly demonstrated in Kleparz. Significant differentiation can be observed in the pre-incorporation, during-incorporation period and post-incorporation Sandomierz. Mining towns such as Bochnia, Wieliczka and Olkusz were rather unique. The peregrination of Sącz is another, separate subject: it concerns the pre-incorporation Sącz associated with what later became Podgrodzie, St Kinga’s Sącz (Stary Sącz) and Nowy Sącz. In most small Lesser Poland towns, the sacrum was limited to a parish church compound (founded together with incorporation, sometimes preceding – less often following – incorporation), occasionally to a medicant monastic compound and a hospital (with a chapel).
Forms of piety among members of religious confraternities in Krakow in the early modern period
Authors: Bruździński Andrzej 
Published: May 2021

The author analyses forms of piety among Krakow religious confraternities, both those which originated already in the Middle Ages and those from the post-Trent epoch. There were dozens of confraternities in the early modern Krakow. The author was able to trace back 36 religious confraternities, active in as many as 51 communities. The article shows that almost every member of each stratum of the urban community, from the patriciate to the commoners, belonged to a religious confraternity of sorts. Confraternities had many functions, but the religious education of Krakow inhabitants was the most significant. In each subsection the author presents various forms of fraternal piety, namely: Christ-centric piety, pneumahagic piety, Marian piety, the worship of angles and saints, as well as the eschatological dimension. Towards the end, the article contains briefly characterises the charitable activities of religious confraternities. The author concludes that religious confraternities played an important role in building the Catholic awareness of the society, and the fraternal piety was indeed a basis and a catalyst of the growth of the city of Krakow.
Vice-regents of the Dominican studium generale in Krakow in the modern period – selected aspects
Authors: Szymborski Wiktor 
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the study is to present selected aspects of the work of bachelors (vice-regents) of Krakow’s studium generale in modern period, especially in XVII century. One of the aspects shown in the text was the importance of studying outside the province in Italy, France and Spain for the intellectual formation of the bachelors of the studium generale. Next attention has been given particularly to the fraternal movement as bachelors were involved in promoting this form of piety especially membership in rosary confraternities.
Przyczynek do historii nauki i kultury polskiej, czyli o odnalezionych archiwaliach Józefa Rostafińskiego (1850-1928)
Authors: Duda Krzysztof 
Published: May 2021

Józef Rostafiński w 1883 r. wystosował ankietę, zwaną Odezwą, której celem było zbadanie tradycji używania roślin wśród ludu żyjącego na terytorium trzech zaborów Pierwszej Rzeczpospolitej. Rostafiński chciał uzyskać dzięki temu materiał źródłowy dotyczący zwyczajów stosowania ziół w kuchni, obrzędach i medycynie ludowej. Na podstawie uzyskanych danych wydawał publikacje naukowe. Archiwalne odpowiedzi na Odezwę Rostafińskiego w dużej części zostały zachowane w zbiorze Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. Natomiast część uznawano za zaginioną. W 2014 r. zostały one odnalezione w dokumentach po prof. Tadeuszu Wilczyńskim ze Lwowa. W odnalezionych archiwaliach Rostafińskiego znajdują się odpowiedzi związane z Odezwą oraz inne dokumenty np.: listy: ks. Pawła Smolikowskiego CR, Jana Karłowicza, które zostaną zasygnalizowane w artykule.
Duties and Required Competencies of a Management Contractor
Authors: Ayegba Calistus 
Published: May 2021

One of the responses to the critical failings of separation of design and construction processes of traditional procurement system is the development of management contracting (MC) procurement system. Several studies have indicated MC procurement system to be most suitable for large and complex projects, when on-time project delivery is required, and when flexibility during construction is desired. Owing to the involvement of the Management contractor at both design and construction stage of projects, the management contractors play more significant role in the benefits that MC system has shown to deliver. This study aims to investigate the duties performed by the management contractor and the required competencies for a management contractor, to provide knowledge and understanding on important considerations for the selection of a management contractor. Empirical data was collected using documentary analysis of three management contracts tender documents and a semi-structured interview with a key role player of two of the management contracts in South Africa. Findings revealed the duties performed by management contractors to be multitasking, covering both the pre-construction and construction stage of building projects. Also, owing to the increased responsibilities of management contractors, the competencies required to perform as a management contractor are distinguishable when compared to competencies needed of contractors to perform in other procurement systems. The knowledge and understanding of the duties and required competencies to perform as management contractors provided in this study will help construction clients and the construction industry in the selection process, performance management and evaluation of management contractors.
Keywords: Construction procurement, Management and relationship formation duties, Management contracting procurement system, Management contractor.
Subcontracting Systems and Social Protection in the Informal Building Construction Industry in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Olusanya Olasunmbo Ayanfeoluwa 
Published: May 2021

Subcontracting systems are entrenched in the building construction process in Nigeria. However, the implications for informal building construction industry workers' access to social protection measures are a cause for concern. This study examined the influence of subcontracting systems on access to social protection measures by workers in the informal building construction industry in Lagos, Nigeria, based on a cross-sectional research design, agency theory and the general theory of employment. The secondary and primary data used for the study were derived from a systematic review of relevant literature, a questionnaire administered to 908 respondents and 50 key informant interviews among informal building construction workers and subcontractors. The structured questionnaire was subjected to internal and external validity; the Cronbach's Alpha reliability test of the survey stood at 0.722. Data extracted from the structured questionnaire and interviews were analysed through the use of descriptive statistics, correlational analysis and narrative analysis. Findings revealed that workers got financial and health assistance from employers and government respectively. Results also show that informal building construction workers perceived provision of social protection as inadequate. The results of Pearson Correlation indicate that subcontracting systems have an inverse and statistically significant relationship with access to free or subsidised medical care, the remedy to accident on site and pattern of savings. Therefore, subcontracting systems influenced the availability of social protection measures significantly. Based on the findings and the important roles of subcontractors in the building construction industry, it is recommended that appropriate legislative instrument should be developed to address the challenges posed by subcontracting concerning access to social protection measures in the informal building construction industry. It is also suggested that steps should be taken by the government to promote formalisation of employment in the informal sector and support community-based social insurance schemes in Nigeria.
Keywords: Building construction, Informal economy, Lagos, Social protection, Subcontracting systems.
Assessment of the Use of Locally Available Materials for Building Construction in Ado-Ekiti Nigeria
Authors: Alade Kehinde , Oyebade Adedeji , Nzewi Nnamaka 
Published: May 2021

The potentials and benefits of local building materials (LBM) remain untapped and seem to progress at a slow rate in the Nigerian building industry. This research examined the availability and level of usage of LBM in Ado-Ekiti, South-Western Nigeria. Further, it considered hindering and helpful factors for the use of LBM in the study area. Based on the extensive review of literatures, ten (10) LBM were identified and examined in the study area. One hundred and fifty (150) professionals closely involved with building construction in Construction companies that are fully operational in Ado-Ekiti were investigated for this study. The Relative index analysis of the frequency in the use of LBM available for building construction in Ado Ekiti revealed that the following LBM are available and in the following order, in the study area: Stone(1) with RII 0.95 , timber(2) RII 0.93, laterite(3) RII 0.92, clay and mud(4) RII 0.91, bamboo(5) RII 0.90, leaves and barks of trees(6) RII 0.88, Palm kernel shells (7) RII 0.85, wild coconut trees(8) RII 0.79, animal wastes (9) RII 0.76 and dung(10) RII 0.74. However, the level of usage of these materials is still very low. Considering the economic, socio-cultural and environmental benefits of LBM, this study recommended more awareness campaign and sensitization of the public on LBM in order to promote its social acceptability. In addition, it recommended that Federal and State governments should facilitate more research in the use of the available local materials for building construction. Availing funds specifically for research and development of LBM will also promote its use.Keywords: Affordable Housing, Building Materials, Construction, Local knowledge, Nigeria.
Influence of Subcontracting Processes on Wages and Workloads in the Building Construction Industry in Nigeria
Authors: Akinwale A. A. , Olusanya O. A. 
Published: May 2021

There is a paucity of information on the experience of subcontracted work despite the widespread use of subcontracting in the building construction industry. This study examined the influence of subcontracting processes on wages and workloads in the building construction industry in Nigeria. Data collection for the study was based on a cross-sectional research design with a survey research strategy, including a structured questionnaire and some key informant interviews. A sample of 908 subcontracted workers was randomly selected from 388 building construction sites in Lagos State, Nigeria. Data obtained from the structured questionnaire were subjected to descriptive statistics and regression analysis, while an ethnographic technique was used to analyze the data from the interviews. The regression results (β = –0.046; p < 0.05) showed that to some extent subcontracting processes significantly influenced workers’ participation in wage determination; and that the regression results (β = –0.040; p < 0.05) revealed that to some extent subcontracting processes significantly influenced workers’ participation in the determination of workloads in the building construction industry in Nigeria. Wages and workloads are inappropriate when the degree of influence of the subcontracting process on workers' participation in the determination of wages and workloads in the building construction industry is considered. These findings imply that working in a subcontracting system could promote the alienation of subcontracted workers from the determination of wages and workloads, thereby showing the need for adequate protection for the affected workers. Therefore, the subcontracted workers in Lagos state should strengthen their associations to achieve justice and decent work in the building construction industry.
Keywords: Building Construction; Subcontracted Workers; Wages; Workload.
Construction quality process implementation as a source of competitive advantage in small and medium-sized construction projects
Authors: Nyakala S , Pretorius J , Vermeulen A 
Published: May 2021

It is generally accepted that construction quality process implementation improves construction project performance through the systematic application of quality practices. It is equally established that current quality management systems, particularly compliance management, are essential for Small and medium-enterprises (SMEs) seeking effective completion of road-building infrastructure. Despite the opportunities offered by these quality practices, there are potential pitfalls. As low-cost economies proliferate, South African construction SMEs are under increasing pressure to be more flexible and innovative. The study examines the factors affecting the quality of work produced by construction SMEs through a regulatory road building procedure, namely design, construction, and execution. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 165 SME contractors, designers, and their experience was recorded of construction quality standards and performance improvement on completed work in the public sector in South Africa. A combination of descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyse the data. The empirical findings established that five construction quality process factors affect the quality of road infrastructure projects undertaken by construction SMEs. These factors comprise construction process and design; construction quality management at the site level; the development and implementation of quality procedures and requirements; quality benchmarking issues; continuous improvement and communication. This study is of value to designers/consultants and managers in the construction SME sector as it helps to establish the factors affecting the quality of road infrastructure projects. Managers in analogous environments may also use the results of this study as a benchmark for competitive advantage. The results also provide a guideline for the successful construction quality implementation in small and medium-sized construction projects.
Keywords: Construction quality; Continuous improvement; Design; Performance; Quality management.
Correlation analysis between risk measurement and project success of small and medium contractors in Gauteng, South Africa
Authors: Renault B. Y. , Agumba J. N. , Ansary N. 
Published: May 2021

Risk measurement (RM) and construction project success (PS) are closely related. Preceding studies highlight the importance of RM in the management of risks without revealing its effect on PS. This study aims to determine the influence of RM on the PS of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). A positivist research design was applied using a survey questionnaire circulated to 181 respondents in Gauteng, South Africa (SA). Raw data analysed using inferential statistics extracted one-component solution and evinced statistical significance (p=0.000<0.05) between RM and PS. In particular, results revealed that RM significantly influences PS of construction SMEs through delimiting the RM criteria to be adopted, establishing the level of acceptable risk and risk timeframe relevant to risk effect and risk likelihood. It is suggested that the management of SMEs and industry professionals involved in risk management should adopt RM for the management of their project risks to accomplish project objectives effectively. The study renders new empirical evidence of risk management factors that influence PS of SMEs in the context of SA. It remains to be seen whether the current finding could be replicated in other datasets. If indeed that is the case, then this article expands to the discourse and literature on RM of SMEs. However, the current findings cannot be generalised due to the restrictions pertaining to the geographical area and respondents.
Keywords: Contractors, Correlation analysis, Factor analysis, Project success, Risk measurement.
MUSIC-INDUCED HEARING LOSS IN SCHOOLAGE CHILDREN: DATA FROM A QUESTIONNAIRE,
OTOLOGICAL EXAMINATION, AND AUDIOMETRY
Authors: Sulkowski Wieslaw , Kochanek Krzysztof , Jalocha-Kaczka Anna , Owczarek Kalina , Olszewski Jurek 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveThe study sought to evaluate the prevalence of hearing disorders in school-age children due to exposure to loud music.Material and MethodsA sample of 700 pupils from grammar and secondary schools in Poland, aged 13–18 years, were given otological and
audiometric examinations. A questionnaire was used to gauge the frequency and duration of visits to discotheques or pop/rock music concerts and the use of personal audio players (PAPs).ResultsThe final sample consisted of 643 subjects, after excluding 57 pupils because of middle ear disease or other auditory pathology. They
were divided into three groups according to the findings of the questionnaire: 131 not exposed (never attended discos/concerts or used PAPs);
169 mildly exposed (visits to discos/concerts once per month, PAPs 1–3 hours per day for 1–3 times per week); and 343 heavily exposed (discos/concerts 1–2 times per week, PAPs 4–7 hours per day for 4–7 times per week). In exposed groups a notched hearing loss of 25–60 dB at
4 or 6 kHz was identified in 18 pupils with mild exposure (10.7%) and in 56 with heavy exposure (16.3%). Of those showing the notch, 24
subjects (32.4%) complained of tinnitus.ConclusionsOur study confirms that the apparently “beautiful noise” of loud music carries with it the risk of hearing loss and tinnitus, and
so hearing screening and the promotion of healthy listening habits in school-age children are recommended.
EXTENSIVE CRANIOFACIAL INJURY CAUSED BY
CIRCULAR SAW
Authors: Kuśmierczyk Krzysztof , Jałocha-Kaczka Anna , Wacławek Magdalena , Mielczarek Marzena , Olszewski Jurek 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionCraniofacial injuries are a complex clinical issue and their treatment requires multi-specialty intervention. We present the case
of a man hospitalized at the Department of Otolaryngology, Laryngological Oncology, Audiology and Phoniatrics, Medical University in Lodz,
Poland, due to extensive craniofacial injury caused by a circular saw.Case reportA 61-year-old male patient (Z.K.) was transported by ambulance to the Emergency Department of the University Clinical Hospital, Military Memorial Medical Academy, Lodz, due to extensive craniofacial injury. The patient was conscious and remembered the course of the event. He exhibited stable respiratory and cardiovascular function and was in logical verbal contact. A CT scan revealed fracture of
the anterior wall of the frontal sinus, with dislocation of fragments to the area of the piriform aperture on the right side, and a hematoma in
the right frontal and maxillary sinus. The diagnostic and therapeutic management was successful, with the patient discharged from hospital
on the 9th day in good general condition. The external appearance after treatment was fully satisfactory for the patient. There were no inflammatory complications in the healing of wounds and no evidence of lagophthalmos, facial nerve paresis, ocular complications, or excessive lacrimation which could result of nosolacrimal duct obstruction. The success of the therapy, both functionally and aesthetically, was achieved
due to quick diagnosis and appropriate surgical and pharmacological treatment, including broad-spectrum antibiotics.ConclusionsIn the case of extensive craniofacial injuries, rapid diagnosis and implementation of appropriate, highly specialized multidisciplinary treatment is needed. Patients such as this should be referred to the highest level centers.
EFFECT OF SOUND INTENSITY ON LEVEL
OF ACTIVATION IN AUDITORY CORTEX AS
MEASURED BY FMRI
Authors: Wolak Tomasz , Ciesla Katarzyna , Wojcik Joanna , Skarzynski Henryk 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundDespite rapid developments in fMRI, there is still ongoing debate on the optimal paradigm for evaluating the level of auditory cortex activation.Material and MethodsA number of modern neuroimaging methods can be used to assess brain responses to acoustic stimulation,
but new paradigms are still needed. Here the sparse fMRI approach is used to examine frequency-specific activation in auditory cortex in 12
normal hearing individuals.ResultsThe size of activation expanded with increasing sound intensity and decreasing sound frequency. At the same time, the main site
of frequency-specific activation remained the same across intensities, indicating fixed tonotopic organization. The findings of the study are
explained in terms of basilar membrane phenomena such as the travelling wave pattern and spread of activation.ConclusionsStimulation levels of at least 60 dB are necessary in order to obtain robust maps of group activation in auditory cortex.