bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Properties of and Ionospheric Conditions Associated With a Mid‐Latitude Scintillation Event Observed Over Southern United States
Authors: Rodrigues F. S. , Socola J. G. , Moraes A. O. , Martinis C. , Hickey D. A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhile low and high‐latitude ionospheric scintillation have been extensively reported, significantly less information is available about the properties of and conditions leading to mid‐latitude scintillations. Here, we report and discuss scintillation observations made in the Southern United States (UT Dallas, 32.99°N, 96.76°W, 43.2°N dip latitude) on June 1st, 2013. The measurements were made by a specialized dual‐frequency GPS‐based scintillation monitor which allowed us to determine main properties of this mid‐latitude scintillation event. Additionally, simultaneous airglow observations and ionospheric total electron content (TEC) maps provided insight on the conditions leading to observed scintillations. Moderate amplitude scintillations (S4>∼0.4) occurred in both L1 and L2C signals, and severe (S4 > ∼0.8) events occurred in L2C signals at low (<30°) elevation angles. Phase scintillation accompanied amplitude fadings, with maximum σϕ values exceeding 0.5 radians in L2C. We also show that the observed phase scintillation magnitudes increased with amplitude scintillation severity. Decorrelation times were mostly between 0.25 and 1.25 s, with mean value around 0.65 s for both L1 and L2C. Frequency scaling of S4 matched fairly well the predictions of weak scattering theory but held for observations of moderate and strong amplitude scintillation as well. Scintillation occurred during the main phase of a modest magnetic storm that, nevertheless, prompted an extreme equatorward movement of the mid‐latitude trough and large background TEC enhancements over the US. Scintillations, however, occurred within TEC and airglow depletions observed over Texas. Finally, scintillation properties including severity and rapidity, and associated TEC signatures are comparable to those associated with equatorial spread F.
Ethical Challenges in Providing Psychological Care to a Pregnant Adolescent With Cancer
Authors: Schneider Nicole M. , Karfunkle Benjamin L. 
Published: June 2021

Objective: There are numerous psychosocial and ethical complexities in the medical and psychological care of an adolescent with cancer and a concurrent pregnancy. The article aims to discuss specific ethical dilemmas in a case, proposed frameworks for managing these complexities, and a summary of how the psychologist navigated these difficulties. It is notable that many states in the United States allow minors to legally consent for care related to their pregnancy but not their own psychological or oncological care. Methods: This article discusses a unique and complex case encountered by a pediatric psychologist specializing in psycho-oncology, including a discussion of the numerous challenges faced. Relevant cultural considerations are also discussed. Results: The case is further complicated when the patient experiences a spontaneous abortion and disagreements arise between the parents and the psychologist about how to acknowledge the loss. In addition, there is a lack of legal and ethical clarity related to an adolescent’s ability to consent to therapy addressing a pregnancy-related loss. Specific ethical issues that arose in this case pertain to beneficence, nonmaleficence, and respect for rights and dignity for both the patient and for her parents. Considerations for resolving ethical dilemmas are presented, including the use of an ethical framework. Conclusions: There is limited research and discussion in the literature about how to manage psychological goals of care disagreements. It would be beneficial to have additional research, case reports, and clearer laws and ethical guidelines related to the parameters of adolescent pregnancy consent. Implications for Impact Statement This article discusses complex legal and ethical ambiguities that arise when providing psychological care to a pregnant teenager receiving cancer treatment. The case demonstrates the importance of a pediatric psychologist being able to evaluate and attempt to resolve complex ethical dilemmas, particularly in the context of a family’s culture and values.
HGK promotes metastatic dissemination in prostate cancer
Authors: Garcia-Garcia Sara , Rodrigo-Faus Maria , Fonseca Noelia , Manzano Sara , Győrffy Balázs , Ocaña Alberto , Bragado Paloma , Porras Almudena , Gutierrez-Uzquiza Alvaro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMetastasis is the process of cancer cell dissemination from primary tumors to different organs being the bone the preferred site for metastatic homing of prostate cancer (PCa) cells. Prostate tumorigenesis is a multi-stage process that ultimately tends to advance to become metastatic PCa. Once PCa patients develop skeletal metastases, they eventually succumb to the disease. Therefore, it is imperative to identify essential molecular drivers of this process to develop new therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of this devastating disease. Here, we have identified MAP4K4 as a relevant gene for metastasis in PCa. Our work shows that genetic deletion of MAP4K4 or pharmacological inhibition of its encoded kinase, HGK, inhibits metastatic PCa cells migration and clonogenic properties. Hence, MAP4K4 might promote metastasis and tumor growth. Mechanistically, our results indicate that HGK depleted cells exhibit profound differences in F-actin organization, increasing cell spreading and focal adhesion stability. Additionally, HGK depleted cells fails to respond to TNF-α stimulation and chemoattractant action. Moreover, here we show that HGK upregulation in PCa samples from TCGA and other databases correlates with a poor prognosis of the disease. Hence, we suggest that it could be used as prognostic biomarker to predict the appearance of an aggressive phenotype of PCa tumors and ultimately, the appearance of metastasis. In summary, our results highlight an essential role for HGK in the dissemination of PCa cells and its potential use as prognostic biomarker.
Mangrove selective logging sustains biomass carbon recovery, soil carbon, and sediment
Authors: Murdiyarso Daniel , Sasmito Sigit D. , Sillanpää Mériadec , MacKenzie Richard , Gaveau David 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWest Papua’s Bintuni Bay is Indonesia’s largest contiguous mangrove block, only second to the world’s largest mangrove in the Sundarbans, Bangladesh. As almost 40% of these mangroves are designated production forest, we assessed the effects of commercial logging on forest structure, biomass recovery, and soil carbon stocks and burial in five-year intervals, up to 25 years post-harvest. Through remote sensing and field surveys, we found that canopy structure and species diversity were gradually enhanced following biomass recovery. Carbon pools preserved in soil were supported by similar rates of carbon burial before and after logging. Our results show that mangrove forest management maintained between 70 and 75% of the total ecosystem carbon stocks, and 15–20% returned to the ecosystem after 15–25 years. This analysis suggests that mangroves managed through selective logging provide an opportunity for coastal nature-based climate solutions, while provisioning other ecosystem services, including wood and wood products.
A hidden Markov model for lymphatic tumor progression in the head and neck
Authors: Ludwig Roman , Pouymayou Bertrand , Balermpas Panagiotis , Unkelbach Jan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCurrently, elective clinical target volume (CTV-N) definition for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is mostly based on the prevalence of nodal involvement for a given tumor location. In this work, we propose a probabilistic model for lymphatic metastatic spread that can quantify the risk of microscopic involvement in lymph node levels (LNL) given the location of macroscopic metastases and T-category. This may allow for further personalized CTV-N definition based on an individual patient’s state of disease. We model the patient's state of metastatic lymphatic progression as a collection of hidden binary random variables that indicate the involvement of LNLs. In addition, each LNL is associated with observed binary random variables that indicate whether macroscopic metastases are detected. A hidden Markov model (HMM) is used to compute the probabilities of transitions between states over time. The underlying graph of the HMM represents the anatomy of the lymphatic drainage system. Learning of the transition probabilities is done via Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling and is based on a dataset of HNSCC patients in whom involvement of individual LNLs was reported. The model is demonstrated for ipsilateral metastatic spread in oropharyngeal HNSCC patients. We demonstrate the model's capability to quantify the risk of microscopic involvement in levels III and IV, depending on whether macroscopic metastases are observed in the upstream levels II and III, and depending on T-category. In conclusion, the statistical model of lymphatic progression may inform future, more personalized, guidelines on which LNL to include in the elective CTV. However, larger multi-institutional datasets for model parameter learning are required for that.
Genome-wide characterization of peptidyl-prolyl cis–trans isomerases in Penicillium and their regulation by salt stress in a halotolerant P. oxalicum
Authors: Singh Mangaljeet , Kaur Kirandeep , Sharma Avinash , Kaur Rajvir , Joshi Dimple , Chatterjee Megha , Dandapath Iman , Kaur Amarjeet , Singh Harpreet , Singh Prabhjeet 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPeptidyl-prolyl cis–trans isomerases (PPIases) are the only class of enzymes capable of cis–trans isomerization of the prolyl peptide bond. The PPIases, comprising of different families viz., cyclophilins, FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs), parvulins and protein phosphatase 2A phosphatase activators (PTPAs), play essential roles in different cellular processes. Though PPIase gene families have been characterized in different organisms, information regarding these proteins is lacking in Penicillium species, which are commercially an important fungi group. In this study, we carried out genome-wide analysis of PPIases in different Penicillium spp. and investigated their regulation by salt stress in a halotolerant strain of Penicillium oxalicum. These analyses revealed that the number of genes encoding cyclophilins, FKBPs, parvulins and PTPAs in Penicillium spp. varies between 7–11, 2–5, 1–2, and 1–2, respectively. The halotolerant P. oxalicum depicted significant enhancement in the mycelial PPIase activity in the presence of 15% NaCl, thus, highlighting the role of these enzymes in salt stress adaptation. The stress-induced increase in PPIase activity at 4 and 10 DAI in P. oxalicum was associated with higher expression of PoxCYP18. Characterization of PPIases in Penicillium spp. will provide an important database for understanding their cellular functions and might facilitate their applications in industrial processes through biotechnological interventions.
A printed millimetre-wave modulator and antenna array for backscatter communications at gigabit data rates
Authors: Kimionis John , Georgiadis Apostolos , Daskalakis Spyridon Nektarios , Tentzeris Manos M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFuture devices for the Internet of Things will require communication systems that can deliver higher data rates at low power. Backscatter radio—in which wireless communication is achieved via reflection rather than radiation—is a low-complexity approach that requires a minimal number of active elements. However, it is typically limited to data rates of hundreds of megabits per second because of the low frequency bands used and the modulation techniques involved. Here we report a millimetre-wave modulator and antenna array for backscatter communications at gigabit data rates. This radiofrequency front-end consists of a microstrip patch antenna array and a single pseudomorphic high-electron-mobility transistor that supports a range of modulation formats including binary phase shift keying, quadrature phase shift keying and quadrature amplitude modulation. The circuit is additively manufactured with inkjet printing using silver nanoparticle inks on a flexible liquid-crystal polymer substrate. A millimetre-wave transceiver is also designed to capture and downconvert the backscattered signals and route them for digital signal processing. With the system, we demonstrate a bit rate of two gigabits per second of backscatter transmission at millimetre-wave frequencies of 24–28 GHz, and with a front-end energy consumption of 0.17 pJ per bit.
Macropinocytosis requires Gal-3 in a subset of patient-derived glioblastoma stem cells
Authors: Seguin Laetitia , Odouard Soline , Corlazzoli Francesca , Haddad Sarah Al , Moindrot Laurine , Calvo Tardón Marta , Yebra Mayra , Koval Alexey , Marinari Eliana , Bes Viviane , Guérin Alexandre , Allard Mathilde , Ilmjärv Sten , Katanaev Vladimir L. , Walker Paul R. , Krause Karl-Heinz , Dutoit Valérie , Sarkaria Jann N. , Dietrich Pierre-Yves , Cosset Érika 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecently, we involved the carbohydrate-binding protein Galectin-3 (Gal-3) as a druggable target for KRAS-mutant-addicted lung and pancreatic cancers. Here, using glioblastoma patient-derived stem cells (GSCs), we identify and characterize a subset of Gal-3high glioblastoma (GBM) tumors mainly within the mesenchymal subtype that are addicted to Gal-3-mediated macropinocytosis. Using both genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of Gal-3, we showed a significant decrease of GSC macropinocytosis activity, cell survival and invasion, in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that Gal-3 binds to RAB10, a member of the RAS superfamily of small GTPases, and β1 integrin, which are both required for macropinocytosis activity and cell survival. Finally, by defining a Gal-3/macropinocytosis molecular signature, we could predict sensitivity to this dependency pathway and provide proof-of-principle for innovative therapeutic strategies to exploit this Achilles’ heel for a significant and unique subset of GBM patients.
Chiroptical activity of hydroxycarboxylic acids with implications for the origin of biological homochirality
Authors: Bocková Jana , Jones Nykola C. , Meierhenrich Uwe J. , Hoffmann Søren V. , Meinert Cornelia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCircularly polarised light (CPL) interacting with interstellar organic molecules might have imparted chiral bias and hence preluded prebiotic evolution of biomolecular homochirality. The l-enrichment of extra-terrestrial amino acids in meteorites, as opposed to no detectable excess in monocarboxylic acids and amines, has previously been attributed to their intrinsic interaction with stellar CPL revealed by substantial differences in their chiroptical signals. Recent analyses of meteoritic hydroxycarboxylic acids (HCAs) – potential co-building blocks of ancestral proto-peptides – indicated a chiral bias toward the l-enantiomer of lactic acid. Here we report on novel anisotropy spectra of several HCAs using a synchrotron radiation electronic circular dichroism spectrophotometer to support the re-evaluation of chiral biomarkers of extra-terrestrial origin in the context of absolute photochirogenesis. We found that irradiation by CPL which would yield l-excess in amino acids would also yield l-excess in aliphatic chain HCAs, including lactic acid and mandelic acid, in the examined conditions. Only tartaric acid would show “unnatural” d-enrichment, which makes it a suitable target compound for further assessing the relevance of the CPL scenario.
Charge density waves and their transitions in anisotropic quantum Hall systems
Authors: He Yuchi , Yang Kang , Goerbig Mark Oliver , Mong Roger S. K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn recent experiments, external anisotropy has been a useful tool to tune different phases and study their competitions. In this paper, we look at the quantum Hall charge density wave states in the N = 2 Landau level. Without anisotropy, there are two first-order phase transitions between the Wigner crystal, the 2-electron bubble phase, and the stripe phase. By adding mass anisotropy, our analytical and numerical studies show that the 2-electron bubble phase disappears and the stripe phase significantly enlarges its domain in the phase diagram. Meanwhile, a regime of stripe crystals that may be observed experimentally is unveiled after the bubble phase gets out. Upon increase of the anisotropy, the energy of the phases at the transitions becomes progressively smooth as a function of the filling. We conclude that all first-order phase transitions are replaced by continuous phase transitions, providing a possible realisation of continuous quantum crystalline phase transitions.
Coherently amplifying photon production from vacuum with a dense cloud of accelerating photodetectors
Authors: Wang Hui , Blencowe Miles 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn accelerating photodetector is predicted to see photons in the electromagnetic vacuum. However, the extreme accelerations required have prevented the direct experimental verification of this quantum vacuum effect. In this work, we consider many accelerating photodetectors that are contained within an electromagnetic cavity. We show that the resulting photon production from the cavity vacuum can be collectively enhanced such as to be measurable. The combined cavity-photodetectors system maps onto a parametrically driven Dicke-type model; when the detector number exceeds a certain critical value, the vacuum photon production undergoes a phase transition from a normal phase to an enhanced superradiant-like, inverted lasing phase. Such a model may be realized as a mechanical membrane with a dense concentration of optically active defects undergoing gigahertz flexural motion within a superconducting microwave cavity. We provide estimates suggesting that recent related experimental devices are close to demonstrating this inverted, vacuum photon lasing phase.
Physically motivated X-ray obscurer models
Authors: Buchner Johannes , Brightman Murray , Baloković Mislav , Wada Keiichi , Bauer Franz E. , Nandra Kirpal 
Published: June 2021

Context. The nuclear obscurer of active galactic nuclei (AGN) is poorly understood in terms of its origin, geometry, and dynamics.
Aims. We investigate whether physically motivated geometries emerging from hydro-radiative simulations can be differentiated with X-ray reflection spectroscopy.
Methods. For two new geometries, the radiative fountain model and a warped disk, we release spectral models produced with the ray tracing code XARS. We contrast these models with spectra of three nearby AGN taken by NuSTAR and Swift/BAT.
Results. Along heavily obscured sightlines, the models present different 4−20 keV continuum spectra. These can be differentiated by current observations. Spectral fits of the Circinus Galaxy favour the warped disk model over the radiative fountain, and clumpy or smooth torus models.
Conclusions. The necessary reflector (NH ≥ 1025 cm2) suggests a hidden population of heavily Compton-thick AGN amongst local galaxies. X-ray reflection spectroscopy is a promising pathway to understand the nuclear obscurer in AGN.
TOPoS
Authors: Bonifacio P. , Monaco L. , Salvadori S. , Caffau E. , Spite M. , Sbordone L. , Spite F. , Ludwig H.-G. , Di Matteo P. , Haywood M. , François P. , Koch-Hansen A. J. , Christlieb N. , Zaggia S. 
Published: June 2021

Context. The goal of the Turn-Off Primordial Stars survey (TOPoS) project is to find and analyse turn-off (TO) stars of extremely low metallicity. To select the targets for spectroscopic follow-up at high spectral resolution, we relied on low-resolution spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS).
Aims. In this paper, we use the metallicity estimates we obtained from our analysis of the SDSS spectra to construct the metallicity distribution function (MDF) of the Milky Way, with special emphasis on its metal-weak tail. The goal is to provide the underlying distribution out of which the TOPoS sample was extracted.
Methods. We made use of SDSS photometry, Gaia photometry, and distance estimates derived from the Gaia parallaxes to derive a metallicity estimate for a large sample of over 24 million TO stars. This sample was used to derive the metallicity bias of the sample for which SDSS spectra are available.
Results. We determined that the spectroscopic sample is strongly biased in favour of metal-poor stars, as intended. A comparison with the unbiased photometric sample allows us to correct for the selection bias. We selected a sub-sample of stars with reliable parallaxes for which we combined the SDSS radial velocities with Gaia proper motions and parallaxes to compute actions and orbital parameters in the Galactic potential. This allowed us to characterise the stars dynamically, and in particular to select a sub-sample that belongs to the Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus (GSE) accretion event. We are thus also able to provide the MDF of GSE.
Conclusions. The metal-weak tail derived in our study is very similar to that derived in the H3 survey and in the Hamburg/ESO Survey. This allows us to average the three MDFs and provide an error bar for each metallicity bin. Inasmuch as the GSE structure is representative of the progenitor galaxy that collided with the Milky Way, that galaxy appears to be strongly deficient in metal-poor stars compared to the Milky Way, suggesting that the metal-weak tail of the latter has been largely formed by accretion of low-mass galaxies rather than massive galaxies, such as the GSE progenitor.
68Ga-NeoB: Präklinische Ergebnisse zur Bildgebung gastrointestinaler Stromatumoren und zur Bestimmung der Zielrezeptordichte im Gastrointestinaltrakt
Authors: Pretze Marc , Wängler Carmen , Schönberg Stefan O. , Wängler Björn 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
68Ga-NeoB (früher bekannt als NeoBOMB1) ist ein neuartiger DOTA-gekoppelter Gastrin-Releasing-Peptid-Rezeptor(GRPR)-Antagonist mit hoher Bindungsaffinität zum GRPR und ausgezeichneter In-vivo-Stabilität. Ziel dieser präklinischen Studie war es, die Verwendung von 68Ga-NeoB zur Bestimmung der GRPR-Expression im Pankreasgewebe weiter zu erforschen, indem der GRPR-Sättigungsgrad im Pankreas bei der Verwendung verschiedener molarer Stoffmengen von 68Ga-NeoB geschätzt wurde. Darüber hinaus wurde 68Ga-NeoB als Tracer für gastrointestinale Stromatumoren (GIST) in 2 verschiedenen Mausstämmen untersucht. Anschließende Ex-vivo-Biodistributionsstudien mit verschiedenen Stoffmengen des antagonistischen Tracers 68Ga-NeoB mit hoher Bindungsaffinität zu GRPR wurden zur Abschätzung der Rezeptordichte in Organen oder Geweben mit hoher Expression dieses Rezeptors genutzt. Die Kombination von PET/CT und MRT-Datensätzen unterstützte die Ermittlung von Organanreicherungen auch bei Erreichen des Sättigungsgrades des Radiotracers in gastrointestinalen Organen.
Die Bedeutung des Elementes Barium in der Nuklearmedizin
Authors: Reissig Falco , Kopka Klaus , Mamat Constantin 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungVon Erdalkalimetallionen außer Beryllium ist bekannt, dass sie ein calcimimetisches Verhalten zeigen. Damit ist ihr Schicksal in vivo vorgezeichnet, das in einem beträchtlichen Maße durch den Einbau in Knochengewebe, welches zum Hauptteil aus Hydroxylapatit besteht, charakterisiert ist. In diesem Sinne wurde auch die Verwendung von Radionukliden dieser Elemente als Knochensucher forciert. Mit Ausnahme von Beryllium und Magnesium wurden Tierexperimente und Humananwendungen mit Radionukliden von Calcium, Strontium, Barium und Radium durchgeführt, wobei bis heute lediglich Strontium und Radium, in der Hauptsache als Therapienuklide zur palliativen Behandlung von Knochenmetastasen, Eingang in nuklearmedizinische Routineanwendungen gefunden haben. In diesem Übersichtsartikel werden die Radionuklide des Bariums vorgestellt, sowie deren Herstellung und Verwendung. Aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse mit Radionukliden des Bariums in Radiopharmazie und Nuklearmedizin werden präsentiert.