bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Caveat to Using Wearable Sensor Data for COVID-19 Detection: The Role of Behavioral Change after Receipt of Test Results
Authors: Cleary Jennifer L. , Fang Yu , Sen Srijan , Wu Zhenke 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRecent studies indicate that wearable sensors have the potential to capture subtle within-person changes that signal SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, it remains unclear the extent to which observed discriminative performance is attributable to behavioral change after receiving test results. We conducted a retrospective study in a sample of medical interns who received COVID-19 test results from March to December 2020. Our data confirmed that sensor data were able to differentiate between symptomatic COVID-19 positive and negative individuals with good accuracy (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.75). However, removing post-result data substantially reduced discriminative capacity (0.75 to 0.63; delta= −0.12, p=0.013). Removing data in the symptomatic period prior to receipt of test results did not produce similar reductions in discriminative capacity. These findings suggest a meaningful proportion of the discriminative capacity of wearable sensor data for SARS-CoV-2 infection may be due to behavior change after receiving test results.
Higher COVID-19 Vaccination Rates among Unemployed in the United States: State Level Study in the First 100 days of Vaccine Initiation
Authors: Roghani Ali , Panahi Samin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundSocioeconomic factors may impact the efficiency of COVID vaccine rollout; however, there are limited studies that examine how state socioeconomic status influences the speed of vaccine distribution. This study aimed to demonstrate how employment rates as one of the main socioeconomic factors affect vaccine coverage in 50 states of the United States.MethodsThis study has obtained vaccine data for the 50 states in the United States, available in the electronic online database ourworldindata.org. In addition to employment rates, other socioeconomic determinants including poverty level, uninsured rates, population density, homeownership, educational level, the percentage of the elderly population, and educational level were obtained from ourworldindata.org data platform. Data from these 50 states were used for regression analyses to examine the relationship between socioeconomic and vaccination rates.ResultsOur study revealed a positive linear association between unemployment and vaccine rates, and states with higher unemployment rates were more likely to have higher vaccination rates. However, other socioeconomic measures do not significantly associate with vaccine coverage.ConclusionDespite other studies showing that vulnerable populations had lower vaccine rates, this study shows that states with higher unemployment rates are more likely to be vaccinated. However, the finding suggests a need for more research for the states with higher than 5% unemployment rates, as they had a lower vaccine coverage than states with a range of 4% to 5% unemployment rates.
Von Meyenburg Complexes and Malignancy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sheikh Abu Baker , Nguyen Anthony , Sheikh Abdul Ahad Ehsan , Javed Nismat , Leyba Katarina , Shekhar Rahul 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTVon Meyenburg Complexes (VMC) are benign lesions secondary to ductal plate malformations. These are relatively rare in adults and are often asymptomatic, with many lesions being diagnosed on imaging. Despite these benign characteristics, VMC have the potential to undergo malignant changes leading to conditions such as cholangiocarcinoma and other cancers. The objective of the review is to report and analyze the cases of biliary hamartomas which were associated with malignancy. We performed a structured systematic review of literature and identified 31 cases of biliary duct hamartomas associated with malignancy. The mean age at onset was 61 years±13 (min 19 to max 88) with the majority of the patients being male (64.5%). Of all cases, 41.9% reported symptoms (13/31 cases) with the most common symptom being abdominal pain (32.3%). Biopsies reported malignancy in 77.4% of cases (24/31 cases) with the most common reported associated malignancy being cholangiocarcinoma 54.8% (17/31). 93.3% of the cases underwent surgical intervention (28/30 cases). VMC are an important entity with malignancy potential which is under-reported. Presence of ‘red flag’ symptoms such as weight loss and obstructive jaundice in patients with diagnosed biliary hamartomas should prompt an evaluation for malignancy.
Prolonged activation of nasal immune cell populations and development of tissue-resident SARS-CoV-2 specific CD8 T cell responses following COVID-19
Authors: Roukens Anna H.E. , König Marion , Dalebout Tim , Tak Tamar , Azimi Shohreh , Kruize Yvonne , Pothast Cilia R. , Hagedoorn Renate S. , Arbous Sesmu M. , Zhang Jaimie L. H. , Verheij Maaike , Prins Corine , van der Does Anne M. , Hiemstra Pieter S. , de Vries Jutte J.C. , Janse Jacqueline J. , Roestenberg Meta , Myeni Sebenzile K. , Kikkert Marjolein , Heemskerk Mirjam H.M. , Yazdanbakhsh Maria , Smits Hermelijn H. , Jochems Simon P. ,   BEAT-COVID group
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe immune system plays a major role in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathogenesis, viral clearance and protection against re-infection. Immune cell dynamics during COVID-19 have been extensively documented in peripheral blood, but remain elusive in the respiratory tract. We performed minimally-invasive nasal curettage and mass cytometry to characterize nasal immune cells of COVID-19 patients during and 5-6 weeks after hospitalization. Contrary to observations in blood, no general T cell depletion at the nasal mucosa could be detected. Instead, we observed increased numbers of nasal granulocytes, monocytes, CD11c+ NK cells and exhausted CD4+ T effector memory cells during acute COVID-19 compared to age-matched healthy controls. These pro-inflammatory responses were found associated with viral load, while neutrophils also negatively correlated with oxygen saturation levels. Cell numbers mostly normalized following convalescence, except for persisting CD127+ granulocytes and activated T cells, including CD38+ CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells. Moreover, we identified SARS-CoV-2 specific CD8+ T cells in the nasal mucosa in convalescent patients. Thus, COVID-19 has both transient and long-term effects on the immune system in the upper airway.
Live-cell micromanipulation of a genomic locus reveals interphase chromatin mechanics
Authors: Keizer Veer I. P. , Grosse-Holz Simon , Woringer Maxime , Zambon Laura , Aizel Koceila , Bongaerts Maud , Kolar-Znika Lorena , Scolari Vittore F. , Hoffmann Sebastian , Banigan Edward J. , Mirny Leonid A. , Dahan Maxime , Fachinetti Daniele , Coulon Antoine 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOur understanding of the physical principles organizing the genome in the nucleus is limited by the lack of tools to directly exert and measure forces on interphase chromosomesin vivoand probe their material nature. Here, we present a novel approach to actively manipulate a genomic locus using controlled magnetic forces inside the nucleus of a living human cell. We observe viscoelastic displacements over microns within minutes in response to near-picoNewton forces, which are well captured by a Rouse polymer model. Our results highlight the fluidity of chromatin, with a moderate contribution of the surrounding material, revealing the minor role of crosslinks and topological effects and challenging the view that interphase chromatin is a gel-like material. Our new technology opens avenues for future research, from chromosome mechanics to genome functions.
Hot, unpredictable weather interacts with land use to restrict the distribution of the Yellow-tailed Black-Cockatoo
Authors: Amin Rahil J. , Buettel Jessie C. , Vaughan Peter M. , Fielding Matthew W. , Brook Barry W. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractConserving nomadic species is challenging due to the difficulty in monitoring their characteristically transient populations, and thereby detecting range-wide declines. An example is the Yellow-tailed Black-Cockatoo (YTBC;Zanda funerea), which disperses widely in search of food and is regularly—but sporadically—observed across eastern Australia. Under climate warming, a general southward shift in species distributions is expected in the southern hemisphere, with the extreme southern margins being truncated by an ocean barrier. Given these constraints, we ask whether sufficient refugia will exist for the YTBC in the future, by: (i) modelling habitat relationships within current geographic range of the YTBC based on weather, climate, vegetation, and land use, and (ii) using this framework, coupled with climate-model projections, to forecast 21stcentury impacts. Intensive land use and high variability in temperature and rainfall seem to most limit YTBC occurrence. In contrast, areas with a cooler, stable climate, and a network of old-growth forests, such as occurs in parts of south-eastern Australia and Tasmania, are most suitable for the species. As Australia becomes progressively hotter under climate change, the preferred bioclimatic envelope of the YTBC is forecast to contract poleward (as a general pattern) and to fragment within the existing range. However, despite an extensive loss of climatically suitable regions, the YTBC might find stable refugia at the southern margins of its geographic range, although continued loss of old-growth forests undermines their nesting potential. Therefore, beyond habitat conservation, creating nesting opportunities within plantation forests would likely be an effective conservation strategy to preserve habitat quality in climate refugia.
The memory of airway epithelium damage in smokers and COPD patients
Authors: Carlier François M. , Detry Bruno , Lecocq Marylène , Collin Amandine M. , Planté-Bordeneuve Thomas , Verleden Stijn E. , Delos Monique , Rondelet Benoît , Janssens Wim , Ambroise Jérôme , Vanaudenaerde Bart M. , Gohy Sophie , Pilette Charles 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRationaleChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a devastating and mostly irreversible lung disease. In COPD, the bronchial epithelium displays several structural and functional abnormalities affecting barrier integrity, cell polarity, and differentiation, as well as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and inflammation. Although COPD displays mostly irreversible changes, the (ir)reversible nature of epithelium pathologyex vivoremains poorly known and was the aim of this study.MethodsThe persistence of COPD epithelium abnormalities was addressed in long-term (10 weeks) primary cultures of air/liquid interface-reconstituted airway epithelium from non-smoker controls, smoker controls, and COPD patients. Barrier function, epithelial polarity, cell commitment, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and inflammation were assessedin vitro, and certain features were comparedin situto the native epithelium. The role of inflammation was explored by stimulating cultures with a cytokine mix consisting of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β.Measurements and main resultsAlmost all epithelial defects (barrier dysfunction, impaired polarity, lineage abnormalities) observed in cells from smokers and COPD patients persistedin vitroup to week 10, except IL-8/CXCL-8 release and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition which declined over time. Cell lineage and polarity impairments matched abnormalities observedin situin the surgical samples from which thein vitroepithelium was derived. Cytokine treatment induced COPD-like changes and, in COPD cells, reactivated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.ConclusionsThe airway epithelium from smokers and COPD patients displays a memory of its native state and previous injuries by cigarette smoking, which is multidimensional and sustained for extended periods of time.
The coiled-coil domain ofE. coliFtsLB is a structurally detuned element critical for modulating its activation in bacterial cell division
Authors: Craven Samuel J. , Condon Samson G.F. , Diaz-Vazquez Gladys , Cui Qiang , Senes Alessandro 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe FtsLB complex is a key regulator of bacterial cell division, existing in either anofforonstate which supports the activation of septal peptidoglycan synthesis. InEscherichia coli, residues known to be critical for this activation are located in a region near the C-terminal end of the periplasmic coiled-coil domain of FtsLB, raising questions about the precise role of this conserved domain in the activation mechanism. Here, we investigate an unusual cluster of polar amino acids found within the core of the FtsLB coiled coil. We hypothesized that these amino acids likely reduce the structural stability of the domain and thus may be important for governing conformational changes. We found that mutating these positions to hydrophobic residues increased the thermal stability of FtsLB but caused cell division defects, suggesting that the coiled-coil domain is a “detuned” structural element. In addition, we identified suppressor mutations within the polar cluster, indicating that the precise identity of the polar amino acids is important for fine-tuning the structural balance between theoffandonstates. We propose a revised structural model of the tetrameric FtsLB (named the “Y-model”) in which the periplasmic domain splits into a pair of coiled-coil branches. In this configuration, the hydrophilic terminal moieties of the polar amino acids remain more favorably exposed to water than in the original four-helix bundle model (“I-model”). We propose that a shift in this architecture, dependent on its marginal stability, is involved in activating the FtsLB complex and triggering septal cell wall reconstruction.
Metabotropic group II glutamate receptors in the basolateral amygdala mediate cue-triggered increases in incentive motivation
Authors: Garceau Caroline , Samaha Anne-Noël , Cordahi Thomas , Servonnet Alice , Khoo Shaun Yon-Seng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRationaleReward-associated cues can trigger incentive motivation for reward and invigorate reward-seeking behaviour via Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT). Glutamate signaling within the basolateral amygdala (BLA) modulates cue-triggered increases in incentive motivation. However, the role of BLA metabotropic group II glutamate (mGlu2/3) receptors is largely unknown.ObjectivesIn Experiment 1, we characterized cue-triggered increases in incentive motivation for water reward using the PIT paradigm. In Experiment 2, we assessed the influence of intra-BLA microinjections of the mGlu2/3receptor agonist LY379268 on this effect.MethodsWater-restricted male Sprague-Dawley rats learned to press a lever for water. Separately, they learned to associate one of two auditory cues with free water. On test days, rats could lever press under extinction conditions (no water), with intermittent, non-contingent CS+ and CS- presentations. In Experiment 1, rats were tested under baseline conditions. In Experiment 2, rats received intra-BLA microinjections of LY379268 (0, 3 and 6 μg/hemisphere) before testing.ResultsAcross experiments, CS+, but not CS- presentations increased water-associated lever pressing during testing, even though responding was reinforced neither by water nor the CS+. Intra-BLA LY379268 abolished both CS+ potentiated pressing on the water-associated lever and CS+ evoked conditioned approach to the site of water delivery. LY379268 did not influence locomotion or instrumental and Pavlovian response rates during intervals between CS presentations or during the CS-, indicating no motor effects.ConclusionsmGlu2/3receptor activity in the BLA mediates CS-triggered potentiation of incentive motivation for reward, suppressing both CS-induced increases in instrumental pursuit of the reward and anticipatory approach behaviour.
Widespread multi-targeted therapy resistance via drug-induced secretome fucosylation
Authors: Aldonza Mark Borris D. , Cha Junghwa , Yong Insung , Ku Jayoung , Lee Dabin , Sinitcyn Pavel , Cho Ryeong-Eun , Delos Reyes Roben D. , Kim Dongwook , Sung Hye-Jin , Kim Soyeon , Kang Minjeong , Ku Yongsuk , Park Geonho , Ryu Han Suk , Cho Sukki , Kim Tae Min , Kim Pilnam , Cho Je-Yoel , Kim Yoosik 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCancer secretome is a reservoir for aberrant glycosylation. How therapies alter this post-translational cancer hallmark and the consequences thereof remain elusive. Here we show that an elevated secretome fucosylation is a pan-cancer signature of both response and resistance to multiple targeted therapies. Large-scale pharmacogenomics revealed that fucosylation genes display widespread association with resistance to these therapies. In both cancer cell cultures and patients, targeted kinase inhibitors distinctively induced core fucosylation of secreted proteins less than 60 kDa. Label-free proteomics of N-glycoproteomes revealed that fucosylation of the antioxidant PON1 is a critical component of the therapy-induced secretome. Core fucosylation in the Golgi impacts PON1 stability and folding prior to secretion, promoting a more degradation-resistant PON1. Non-specific and PON1-specific secretome de-N-glycosylation both limited the expansion of resistant clones in a tumor regression model. Our findings demonstrate that core fucosylation is a common modification indirectly induced by targeted therapies that paradoxically promotes resistance.
Suppression of Fatty Acid Oxidation by Thioesterase Superfamily Member 2 in Skeletal Muscle Promotes Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Imai Norihiro , Nicholls Hayley T. , Alves-Bezerra Michele , Li Yingxia , Ivanova Anna A. , Ortlund Eric A. , Cohen David E. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTThioesterase superfamily member 2 (Them2) is highly expressed in oxidative tissues where it hydrolyzes long chain fatty acyl-CoA esters to free fatty acids and CoA. Although mice globally lacking Them2 (Them2-/-) are protected against diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis, liver-specificThem2-/-mice remain susceptible. To explore the contribution of Them2 in extrahepatic tissues, we created mice with Them2 deleted in skeletal muscle (S-Them2-/-), cardiac muscle (C-Them2-/-) or adipose tissue (A-Them2-/-). When fed a high-fat diet,S-Them2-/-but notC-Them2-/-orA-Them2-/-mice exhibited reduced weight gain. OnlyS-Them2-/-mice exhibited improved glucose homeostasis together with improved insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle. Increased rates of fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle ofS-Them2-/-mice were reflected in alterations in skeletal muscle metabolites, including short chain fatty acids, branched chain amino acids and the pentose phosphate pathway. Protection from diet-induced hepatic steatosis inS-Them2-/-mice was attributable to increased VLDL triglyceride secretion rates in support of demands of increased muscle fatty acid utilization. These results reveal a key role for skeletal muscle Them2 in the pathogenesis of diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis.
Single-molecule imaging of chromatin remodelers reveals role of ATPase in promoting fast kinetics of target search and dissociation from chromatin
Authors: Kim Jee Min , Visanpattanasin Pat , Jou Vivian , Liu Sheng , Tang Xiaona , Zheng Qinsi , Li Kai Yu , Snedeker Jonathan , Lavis Luke D. , Lionnet Timothée , Wu Carl 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTConserved ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers establish and maintain genome-wide chromatin architectures of regulatory DNA during cellular lifespan, but the temporal interactions between remodelers and chromatin targets have been obscure. We performed live-cell single-molecule tracking for RSC, SWI/SNF, CHD1, ISW1, ISW2, and INO80 remodeling complexes in budding yeast and detected hyperkinetic behaviors for chromatin-bound molecules that frequently transition to the free state for all complexes. Chromatin-bound remodelers display notably higher diffusion than nucleosomal histones, and strikingly fast dissociation kinetics with 4-7 s mean residence times. These enhanced dynamics require ATP binding or hydrolysis by the catalytic ATPase, uncovering an additional function to its established role in nucleosome remodeling. Kinetic simulations show that multiple remodelers can repeatedly occupy the same promoter region on a timescale of minutes, implicating an unending ‘tug-of-war’ that controls a temporally shifting window of accessibility for the transcription initiation machinery.
Place Cells in the Claustrum Remap Under NMDA Receptor Control
Authors: Rizzello Emanuela , Martin Seán K. , Rouine Jennifer , Callaghan Charlotte K. , O’Mara Shane M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPlace cells are cells exhibiting location-dependent responses; they have mostly been studied in the hippocampus. Place cells have also been reported in the rat claustrum, an underexplored paracortical region with extensive corto-cortical connectivity. It has been hypothesised that claustral neuronal responses are anchored to cortical visual inputs. We show rat claustral place cells remap when visual inputs are eliminated from the environment and that this remapping is NMDA-receptor-dependent. Eliminating visual input enhances delta-band oscillatory activity in the claustrum, without affecting simultaneously-recorded visual cortical activity. We conclude that, like the hippocampus, claustral place field remapping might be mediated by NMDA receptor activity, and is modulated by visual cortical inputs. (106 words)
Costs, Benefits, Parasites and Mutualists: The Use and Abuse of the Mutualism–Parasitism Continuum Concept forEpichloëFungi
Authors: Newman Jonathan A. , Gillis Sierra , Hager Heather A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe species comprising the fungal endophyte genusEpichloëare symbionts of cool season grasses. About half the species in this genus are strictly vertically transmitted, and evolutionary theory suggests that these species must be mutualists. Nevertheless, Faeth and Sullivan (e.g. 2003) have argued that such vertically transmitted endophytes are “usually parasitic,” and Müller and Krauss (2005) have argued that such vertically transmitted endophytes fall along a mutualism–parasitism continuum. These papers (and others) have caused confusion in the field. We used a systematic review to show that close to half of the published papers in this field incorrectly categorize the interaction. Here, we develop the argument that advantages and disadvantages are not the same things as mutualism and parasitism and that experimental evidence must be interpreted in the context of theory. We argue that,contraFaeth and Sullivan, it is highly unlikely that such strictly vertically transmitted endophytes can be parasites, and that,contraMüller and Krauss, it is inappropriate to apply the continuum concept to strictly vertically transmitted endophytes. We develop a mathematical model to support and illustrate our arguments. We use the model to clarify that parasitismrequiressome degree of horizontal transmission, and that while it is appropriate to use the continuum concept when referring to the genus as a whole, or to species that possess horizontal transmission, we argue that it is inappropriate to use the concept when referring to species that are strictly vertically transmitted.