bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profiling cocoa‐derived flavanols and their metabolites in serum, urine, liver, and intestinal contents of pigs fed flavanol‐enriched cocoa powder (LB420)
Authors: Jang Saebyeol , Sun Jianghao , Chen Pei , Molokin Aleksey , Lakshman Sukla , Harnly James , Urban Joseph , Davis Cindy , Solano‐Aguilar Gloria 
Published: June 2021

The polyphenol content of cocoa is high and consumption is associated with benefits to human health. To determine the metabolites of cocoa derived flavanols after consumption, five months old conventional crossbred pigs were fed 5, 10, and 20 g of flavanol‐enriched cocoa powder per day for 26 days. The total flavanol content in the cocoa powder was 20.5 mg/g and the major flavanols detected were epicatechin, (+) catechin, and procyanidin C1. Serum, urine, liver tissue, and proximal colon contents were collected 14 hour after the final consumption of cocoa powder. Metabolite analysis was conducted using High‐performance liquid chromatography tandem with accurate mass spectrometry (HPLC‐HRM) on a Q‐Exactive high resolution mass spectrometer. Epicatechin or catechin‐glucuronide conjugates were the major metabolites found in the serum, urine, and liver. Urine had more diverse metabolites than serum and liver whereas proximal colon contents had fewer metabolites. The concentration of total epicatechin‐glucronide in serum and urine was higher than in liver. Products of microbial metabolism such as vanillic acid and 3‐hydroxyphenylpropionic acid were also detected. This study showed that flavanol metabolites were detectable in serum, urine, liver, and proximal colon content after consumption of cocoa powder for 26 days, and the concentration of flavanol metabolites was dependent on the dose of cocoa powder ingested.Grant Funding Source: ODS/NIH‐ARS/USDA
Prevalence of inadequate and suboptimal serum ascorbic acid concentrations among children and adolescents in the United States (2003‐2006) (LB422)
Authors: Ciappio Eric , Yu Elaine , McBurney Michael , Mehta Saurabh 
Published: June 2021

Background: Despite the well‐established need of vitamin C for optimal health, achieving adequate dietary intake based on government recommendations remains a challenge in the United States.Objective: To examine serum ascorbic acid concentrations among a sample of non pregnant/lactating children and adolescents (<20y) with available blood samples and sociodemographic data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2003‐2006).Methods: Ascorbic acid concentrations were assayed by isocratic reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography method with electrochemical detection. Inadequate (<50 µmol/L) and suboptimal (<70 µmol/L) serum ascorbic acid concentrations were defined according to recommendations from the Institute of Medicine and Linus Pauling Institute investigators, respectively. Reported values accounted for complex survey design (sampling weights, cluster, strata).Results: Among children and adolescents (4‐19y; n=5576), 28.6% had inadequate serum concentrations of ascorbic acid. Compared to individuals with no reported supplement use (32.5%; n=4376), a lower prevalence of inadequate serum concentrations of ascorbic acid was observed among those using supplements (19.1%; n=1200; p<0.01). 59.4% of individuals had suboptimal serum concentrations of ascorbic acid. A greater proportion of individuals with no supplement use (64.1%) had suboptimal serum concentrations, relative to those using supplements (48.0%; p<0.01).Conclusions: Lower prevalences of inadequate and suboptimal serum concentrations of ascorbic acid were observed among children and adolescents reporting any dietary supplement use.
Walking for exercise brings acute decreasing effects on urinary C‐peptide immunoreactivity (CPR) excretion (LB436)
Authors: Yamada Tetsuo , Matsuzaki Masami , Tanaka Akira 
Published: June 2021

Although it is well known that hyperinsulinemia is improved by exercise, insulin secretion volume has not been examined in detail. We investigated the effects of walking exercise on urinary C‐peptide immunoreactivity (CPR) excretion levels. Methods: In trial 1, six adult female volunteers participated in four experiments over 24 hours. The participants performed either only normal daily activities or walking programs at the speed of 6 km/h for 60 or 120 or 180 min/day. Total urine samples for 12 hours were collected during day (8am to 8pm) and night (8pm to 8am) after the second morning (6am to 8am) urine collection. In trial 2, similar experiments were carried out and urine samples after 8am were collected every four hours until 8pm. Results: In trial 1, urinary CPR excretion levels during day were significantly lower in 120 and 180 min walking than in non‐walking experiment. Similarly in trial 2, urinary CPR excretion levels were significantly lower in 120 and 180 min walking experiment at all times between 8am and 8 pm. Urinary adrenaline, noradrenaline and free cortisol excretion levels during 4 experiments did not significantly differ. In both trials, further effects of 180 min walking on urinary CPR excretion levels were not obtained. Conclusions: Walking at 6 km/h for more than 2 hours decreases urinary CPR excretion levels without increasing physical stress.Grant Funding Source: a grant from Kanto Gakuin University
Effects of whey protein concentrate and hydrolyzed whey/egg protein blends on post‐prandial markers of adipose tissue lipolysis in rats (LB440)
Authors: Roberts Michael , Mobley C. Brooks , Fox Carlton , Ferguson Brian , Pascoe Corrie , Healy James , Lockwood Christopher 
Published: June 2021

We examined how gavage‐feeding the following dietary proteins (10 human eq. g dissolved in 1 ml of water) acutely affected omental (OMAT) and inguinal/subcutaneous (SQ) adipose tissue lipolysis markers: a) 80% whey protein concentrate (WPC, n = 15); b) 70% hydrolyzed whey + 30% hydrolyzed egg albumin (70W/30E, n = 15); c) 50W/50E (n = 15); d) 30W/70E (n = 15); and e) 1 ml of water with no protein (fasted, n = 14). 70W/30W feeding increased SQ fat phosphorylated hormone‐sensitive lipase (p‐HSL) 3.1‐fold compared to fasting and 1.9‐4.4‐fold compared to all other test proteins 180 min post feeding (p < 0.05). WPC, 70W/30E and 50W/50E feedings increased OMAT p‐HSL 3.8‐6.5‐fold 180 min post‐feeding compared to fasted rats (p < 0.05). WPC and 70W/30E feedings depressed serum free fatty acids 90 min post‐feeding compared to fasting and other test proteins (p < 0.05), but this was normalized by 180 min post‐feeding. Interestingly, 70W/30E and 50W/50E feedings tended to increase SQ fat PGC1‐α mRNA 180 min post‐feeding compared to fasting rats (2.3‐2.4‐fold, p < 0.10), and 50W/50E significantly increased Ucp3 mRNA 180 min post‐feeding compared to all other test proteins as well as fasting (~2.0 fold, p < 0.05). In summary, despite a transient 90‐min post feeding depression in serum FFAs with 70W/30E feeding, solutions with 50% and 70% hydrolyzed whey increased select tissue markers of lipolysis and thermogenesis 180 min post‐feeding.Source of Research Support: 4LIFE Research, Inc.
Oxidized cholesterol is a potent inducer of hypertension and endothelial dysfunction (LB445)
Authors: Fungwe Thomas , Hajri Tahar 
Published: June 2021

This study examined how hypertension related genes respond to dietary stress in the spontaneously hypertensive stroke prone rat (SHRSP) model. Weanling male SHRSP rats (n = 62) were fed a normo‐caloric diet supplemented with either 2% cholesterol (CHOL, wt/wt) or 0.2% oxidized cholesterol (oxCHOL, wt/wt) for 90 days. Blood pressure was recorded on days 30, 60, and 90 by femoral artery cannulation. RNA from hepatic and cardiac tissue were subjected to global gene expression using the oligonucleotide GeneChip microarray expression analysis. Selected inflammatory related genes were confirmed by Real Time‐PCR. Hepatic C‐reactive protein (CRP) mRNA levels increased by approximately 25% as a function of time and cholesterol in the diet. Pulse pressure increased, but did not differ with type of cholesterol consumed (CHOL, 47.2±3.2 and oxCHOL, 46.9±3.2 compared to control 34.03±3.2 mg/ml). This increase persisted through 90 days. Increase in vessel tone correlated (p蠄0.05) with a decline in HDL‐C by day 30. Moreover, the consumption of CHOL and oxCHOL markedly increased the expression of inflammation markers (vascular adhesion cell molecule 1 and chemokine receptors) in the aorta and heart. These data suggest that hypercholesterolemia precipitates inflammatory events leading to elevation in CRP, rise in pulse pressure, decrease in HDL‐C, and increase in vessel tone, leading to endothelial dysfunction.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH HL03389
Leucine metabolism is not altered with improved insulin sensitivity following a 6‐month exercise program in pre‐diabetics (LB447)
Authors: Glynn Erin , Piner Lucy , Slentz Cris , Huffman Kim , Elliot‐Penry Lorraine , AbouAssi Hiba , Bain James , Muehlbauer Michael , Ilkayeva Olga , Stevens Robert , Brosnan M. Julia , Trimmer Jeff , Newgard Christopher , Kraus William 
Published: June 2021

Obesity is associated with decreased insulin sensitivity (IS), elevated plasma levels of branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs), and accumulation of medium to long even‐chain acylcarnitines (AC; products of β‐oxidation). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between BCAA metabolism and IS in overweight individuals. Whole‐body leucine turnover, IS and metabolic profiles were assessed from blood, muscle and breath samples at baseline in 10 healthy controls (CTRL: 5M, 5F; age 50 ± 3) and 9 overweight pre‐diabetic individuals (PD‐Pre: 5M, 4F; age 51 ± 2) using stable isotope tracers, hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp and metabolomics methods, respectively. PD then underwent a 6 month aerobic + resistance exercise program and repeated tests (PD‐Post). IS was higher in CTRL vs PD‐Pre, increased in PD‐Post, but remained lower than CTRL. Relative to lean mass, leucine breakdown, oxidation and synthesis were higher in PD‐Pre and PD‐Post vs CTRL, with no effect of exercise. Plasma leucine and valine were elevated in PD‐Pre vs CTRL and were not altered with exercise, while glycine was decreased in PD‐Pre vs CTRL, and increased in PD‐Post. Muscle AC were globally elevated in PD‐Pre vs CTRL and decreased in PD‐Post. We conclude exercise‐induced improvements in IS occur independent of changes in BCAA levels or metabolism, but are linked to decreased muscle AC levels, consistent with improved mitochondrial efficiency.Grant Funding Source: Supported by CV and Metabolic, a Pfizer research unit and NIH grant P01‐DK58398
Mechanical Strain induced Osteopontin Expression in the Aorta (LB45)
Authors: Caesar Christa , Lyle Alicia , Weiss Daiana , Joseph Giji , Taylor W 
Published: June 2021

We have previously shown that elevated mechanical strain in disease states, such as hypertension, leads to vascular inflammation. However the underlying mechanisms modulating this process are still largely unknown. In this study, we used in‐vivo and in‐vitro approaches to determine if mechanical strain increases osteopontin (OPN), a pro‐inflammatory protein, in a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and NADPH oxidase dependent manner.Utilizing two mouse models of hypertension, induced by angiotensin‐II (AngII) or norepinephrine (NE) infusion, we found blood pressure was increased 1.5 and 1.3 fold, respectively. Aortic OPN mRNA was increased 7 and 2.5 fold (p<0.05) in the AngII and NE treated groups, respectively. OPN protein was also increased in both models. In AngII treated aortas of transgenic mice that overexpress catalase, a H2O2 scavenger, in vascular smooth muscle cells, we found a decrease in hypertension‐induced OPN mRNA expression compared to wild type littermate controls.In‐vitro studies using rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMs) that were cyclically strained showed a 3 fold (p<0.001) increase in OPN mRNA and 5 fold (p<0.001) increase in OPN protein. H2O2 levels were also increased 4 fold (p<0.05). RASMs strained in the presence of catalase exhibited blunted OPN protein compared to untreated, strained RASMs (72.6% decrease, p<0.05). Finally, RASMs strained in the presence of NADPH oxidase inhibitors, DPI and apocynin, showed a significant decrease in strain‐induced OPN protein compared to untreated, strained RASMs (77.6% decrease, p<0.01 and 43.8% decrease, p<0.05, respectively).These results suggest that mechanical strain, as experienced by the vascular wall under hypertensive conditions, leads to increases in osteopontin via an NADPH oxidase and H2O2‐dependent pathway.Grant Funding Source: American Heart Association, Predoctoral Fellowship
Diet Quality of Farm to School Implementation by using Healthy Eating Index (LB457)
Authors: Young Taylor , Ptomey Lauren , Craven Tara , Swanson Ann , Gibson Cheryl 
Published: June 2021

Background. Nutrition not only plays an important role in the growth and development of preschool‐aged children, it also has a long‐lasting impact on health status, disease prevention and body composition. Schools and childcare centers have been targeted to increase diet quality and nutrition education to preschool aged children. Recently, these programs have attempted to provide locally grown produce to further enhance diet quality, but few studies examine nutritional content of meals provided. Methods. We analyzed intake and diet quality of farm to school (FTS) meals versus standard meals among preschoolers in a Head Start program. Direct observations, using plate waste, along with Nutrition Data System (NDSR) analysis determined intake and nutritional content of foods consumed. Data was analyzed using the Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI 2010) to depict diet quality between FTS and standard meals. Results. Average HEI 2010 scores indicate a higher score among FTS meals (63±10.4) compared to standard meals (53±12.3), (p<0.001). The energy intake was similar between the two groups (311 ± 214 vs 334 ± 161 kcal/meal). Change in HEI scores was accounted for by whole grains, refined grains and sodium. Discussion. Results indicate overall improvement in nutritional intake from FTS meals when compared to standard meals. Several factors may be responsible for this improvement including specific food items provided and nutritional education. Longer term studies are needed.Grant Funding Source: Supported by KC Healthy Kids
Association between obesity and asthma in US adults: Findings from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey (LB459)
Authors: Wang Liang , Wang Kesheng , Wang Youfa 
Published: June 2021

Objectives: Asthma and obesity are prevalent in the United States. We studied prevalence of asthma and the association between obesity and asthma using nationally representative data.Methods: Data (n=34505; 4387 had asthma) was used from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), an annual cross‐sectional survey sponsored by the US National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Asthma was determined by responding positive to the question “Had ever been told you had asthma?” Obesity was determined as a Body Mass Index (BMI)>=30. BMI was calculated using self‐reported weight and height. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between obesity and asthma controlling for covariates.Results: Prevalence of asthma was 12.7% (10.6% in males, 14.4% in females) and was higher in obese than non‐obese individuals (16.7% vs. 11.0%, p<0.0001). Univariate analysis showed an association between asthma and obesity (OR=1.60, 95% CI=1.46‐1.74). After controlling for potential confounders, asthma remained associated with obesity (OR=1.42, 95% CI=1.30‐1.56). Being female, older age, African American, “devoiced” or “never married” marital status, past smoking, hay fever, stress, respiratory allergy, skin allergy, depression, and insomnia were all positively associated with asthma. The association between obesity and asthma seemed stronger in those with respiratory allergy than those without it (1.73 (1.43‐2.10) vs. 1.34 (1.21‐1.48)).Conclusion: Obesity is associated with asthma, and the association is stronger among those with respiratory allergy. The causality needs be tested using prospective cohort studies.
iCook 4‐H: Report of the correlation between the Block Kids Physical Activity Screener and accelerometer‐derived physical activity in 9‐10 year old children (LB460)
Authors: Kabala Celine , Kattelmann Kendra , Meendering Jessica , Mathews Douglas , Olfert Melissa , White Jade , Colby Sarah , Meade Randa , Franzen‐Castle Lisa , Aguirre Trina , White Adrienne 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between the Block Kids Physical Activity Screener ( BKPAS) and accelerometer derived physical activity in 9‐10 year old children participating in iCook 4‐H, a 5‐state, family‐centered, childhood obesity intervention.METHODS: A cross‐sectional study was conducted in 116 children who met accelerometer compliance standards and completed the BKPAS. Moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time (ST) were measured by accelerometry and the BKPAS. Children wore an accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X+) for 7 consecutive days and completed a computerized parent‐assisted BKPAS. Mean daily minutes of accelerometer derived MVPA and ST were evaluated during waking hours (7a‐9p). In the BKPAS, average MVPA and screen time minutes per day were calculated from questions that queried frequency and duration from the previous 7 days. Relationships between accelerometry and the BKPAS were assessed via Spearman Correlation Coefficient. Statistical significance was set at p 蠄 0.05. RESULTS: Accelerometer derived MVPA was significantly correlated with the BKPAS (r= 0.26, P = 0.01), but no association was found for ST (r = 0.13, P = 0.16). CONCLUSIONS: Results are positive for the self‐reported BKPAS and validation work is continuing, specifically for ST.Grant Funding Source: USDA‐AFRI grant #2012‐68001‐19605 and respective state Agricultural Experiment Stations.
Development of fatty acids database for a national nutrition survey in Korea (LB461)
Authors: Yoon Mi‐Ock , Shim Jae Eun , Kim Kirang , Hwang Ji‐Yun , Lee Hyun Sook , Son Tae‐Young , Moon Hyun‐Kyung 
Published: June 2021

This study was performed to construct a fatty acids database (DB) for use with a nationally representative population survey, the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES). The DB was designed as multi level from 0 to 3. Level 0 DBs were food composition data sources, which were graded according to the reliability and validity of the data sources and compiled to level 1 DB. The coverage of individual fatty acids of level 1 DB was C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 n‐6, C18:3n‐3(α), C20:5 n‐3(EPA), C22:6 n‐3(DHA), SFA, MUFA, and PUFA (n‐3, n‐6, n‐9). Food list of level 2 DB consisted of 5,144 foods used for dietary analysis in KNHANES. The fatty acid composition of level 2 DB was filled with analytical values of food items from level 1 DB. One analytical value for each food item was selected according to quality of data sources and priority guideline in data selection. Missing values were replaced with calculated or imputed values based on the analytical values of similar food items from level 1 DB. Level 2 DB comprised of 1,543 analytical values, 2,589 calculated values and 1,012 imputed values. Fatty acid intake was calculated with food consumption data in 2010 and 2011 KNHANES and level 3 DB was compiled with fatty acids composition of 2,112 food items used in the calculation. Mean intake levels of total fatty acid and saturated fatty acid were 38.3g/day and 12.7g/day, respectively. SFA: MUFA: PUFA was 1.1: 1.2: 1. Estimation of fatty acid intakes with newly developed fatty acids DB based on national survey data will shed light on the establishment of nutrition policy solving related public health concerns.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Research Program funded by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (fund code 2013E3501200)
Dietary supplement use of early childhood population in Korea: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV (2007‐2009) (LB468)
Authors: Kang Minji , Shim Jae Eun , Kim Kijoon , Paik Hee Young 
Published: June 2021

Relative to the increasing trend of dietary supplement intake in Korea and many other countries, few studies have been conducted in Korea, especially studies targeting early childhood population. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of dietary supplement use in accordance with the demographic and dietary characteristics using data from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV (2007‐2009). The study included 1,608 subjects aged 1‐5 years who responded to 24h diet recall. The most frequently consumed type of dietary supplement was multi‐vitamin and mineral products. The prevalence of taking dietary supplement was 41.7% and the supplement users distributed more in higher level of household income. There were no significant differences in the distribution of genders and residential areas according to the dietary supplement use. Nutrients obtained from dietary intake alone were higher in dietary supplement users than non‐users in macronutrients, several vitamins and minerals. However, the differences were disappeared after controlling for household income and energy intakes. Therefore, nutrition and health effect of additional nutrients from dietary supplement were expected. Further studies are needed to assess the dietary supplement use on the growth and health in Korean early childhood population.Grant Funding Source: supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning(grant no. 2013R1A1A2057600)
Daily intake of dairy products in Brazil does not meet national dietary guidelines (LB470)
Authors: Murphy Mary , Barraj Leila , Toth Lindsey , Harkness Laura , Bolster Douglas 
Published: June 2021

Dairy products, including milk and milk‐derived foods, are naturally rich sources of protein and micronutrients which are important for ensuring a healthy diet. Brazilian dietary guidelines recommend intake of three portions of milk and dairy products daily. Using one‐day dietary records collected from 34,003 participants 蠅10 y in the first Brazilian National Dietary Survey (2008‐2009), intake of dairy products and percent contributions of dairy products to daily nutrient intakes were assessed. Dairy products were defined as plain and flavored milk, milk drinks, milk‐based preparations (excluding desserts), cheese, and yogurt. Per capita intake of dairy products in the population 蠅10 y was 142 g/day, or 0.9 portions. Mean intakes of dairy portions were 1.0, 0.9, and 1.1 by age group (10‐18 y, 19‐59 y, 蠅60 y), and 1.0 and 0.7 in urban and rural subpopulations. In the population 蠅10 y, dairy products accounted for 6.1% of total energy, 7.3% of protein, 4.0% of carbohydrate, 4.3% of added sugars, 10% of total fat, and 16.9% of saturated fat intake. Dairy products were significant contributors to dietary calcium (37.9%), vitamin D (35.9%), phosphorus (17%) and vitamin A (11.1%), all of which are nutrients of concern in Brazil. Overall, consumption of dairy products was low. Education efforts to raise awareness about dairy recommendations may serve to improve diet adequacy in the Brazilian population.Grant Funding Source: Supported by PepsiCo, Inc.