bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Considering multiple process observables to determine material model parameters for FE-cutting simulations
Authors: Hardt Marvin , Bergs Thomas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAnalyzing the chip formation process by means of the finite element method (FEM) is an established procedure to understand the cutting process. For a realistic simulation, different input models are required, among which the material model is crucial. To determine the underlying material model parameters, inverse methods have found an increasing acceptance within the last decade. The calculated model parameters exhibit good validity within the domain of investigation, but suffer from their non-uniqueness. To overcome the drawback of the non-uniqueness, the literature suggests either to enlarge the domain of experimental investigations or to use more process observables as validation parameters. This paper presents a novel approach merging both suggestions: a fully automatized procedure in conjunction with the use of multiple process observables is utilized to investigate the non-uniqueness of material model parameters for the domain of cutting simulations. The underlying approach is two-fold: Firstly, the accuracy of the evaluated process observables from FE simulations is enhanced by establishing an automatized routine. Secondly, the number of process observables that are considered in the inverse approach is increased. For this purpose, the cutting force, cutting normal force, chip temperature, chip thickness, and chip radius are taken into account. It was shown that multiple parameter sets of the material model can result in almost identical simulation results in terms of the simulated process observables and the local material loads.
Integration of transcriptome analysis with pathophysiological endpoints to evaluate cigarette smoke toxicity in an in vitro human airway tissue model
Authors: Xiong Rui , Wu Yue , Wu Qiangen , Muskhelishvili Levan , Davis Kelly , Tripathi Priya , Chen Ying , Chen Tao , Bryant Matthew , Rosenfeldt Hans , Healy Sheila M. , Cao Xuefei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractExposure to cigarette smoke (CS) is a known risk factor in the pathogenesis of smoking-caused diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) and lung cancer. To assess the effects of CS on the function and phenotype of airway epithelial cells, we developed a novel repeated treatment protocol and comprehensively evaluated the progression of key molecular, functional, and structural abnormalities induced by CS in a human in vitro air–liquid-interface (ALI) airway tissue model. Cultures were exposed to CS (diluted with 0.5 L/min, 1.0 L/min, and 4.0 L/min clean air) generated from smoking five 3R4F University of Kentucky reference cigarettes under the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) machine smoking regimen, every other day for 4 weeks (3 days per week, 40 min/day). By integrating the transcriptomics-based approach with the in vitro pathophysiological measurements, we demonstrated CS-mediated effects on oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), ciliary function, expression and secretion of mucins, and squamous cell differentiation that are highly consistent with abnormalities observed in airways of smokers. Enrichment analysis on the transcriptomic profiles of the ALI cultures revealed key molecular pathways, such as xenobiotic metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses that were perturbed in response to CS exposure. These responses, in turn, may trigger aberrant tissue remodeling, eventually leading to the onset of respiratory diseases. Furthermore, changes of a panel of genes known to be disturbed in smokers with COPD were successfully reproduced in the ALI cultures exposed to CS. In summary, findings from this study suggest that such an integrative approach may be a useful tool for identifying genes and adverse cellular events caused by inhaled toxicants, like CS.
Long‐Term Trends and Predictors of Medical Resource Utilization and Medical Outcomes in Inguinal Hernia Repair: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Kuo Yi‐Hung , Chiu Chong‐Chi , Tseng Li‐Ya , Wu Chien‐Hung , Chen Min Hui , Fang Yu‐Chao , Tseng Wei‐Chi , Chen Chun‐Hsiang , Yeh Shu‐Chuan Jennifer , Shi Hon‐Yi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have comprehensively and systematically analyzed nationwide samples. This study purposed to explore temporal trends and predictors of medical resource utilization and medical outcomes in these patients to obtain data that can be used to improve healthcare policies and to support clinical and administrative decision‐making.MethodsThis study used nationwide population data contained in the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database of Taiwan. The 14,970 inguinal hernia repair patients were enrolled in this study (age range, 18–100 years) from 1997 to 2013 in Taiwan. After temporal trends analysis of demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and institutional characteristics, predictors of postoperative medical resource utilization and medical outcomes were evaluated through multiple linear regression analysis and Cox regression analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of inguinal hernia repair per 100,000 population significantly decreased from 195.38 in 1997 to 39.66 in 2013 (p < 0.05). Demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and institutional characteristics were significantly associated with postoperative medical resource utilization and medical outcomes (p < 0.05). Of these characteristics, both surgeon volume and hospital volume had the strongest association.ConclusionsThe inguinal hernia repair prevalence rate gradually decreased during the study period. Demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and institutional characteristics had strong associations with postoperative medical resource utilization and medical outcomes. Furthermore, hospital volume and surgeon volume had the strongest associations with postoperative medical resource utilization and medical outcomes. Additionally, providing the education needed to make the most advantageous medical decisions would be a great service not only to patients and their families, but also to the general population.
Lithium enhances exercise-induced glycogen breakdown and insulin-induced AKT activation to facilitate glucose uptake in rodent skeletal muscle
Authors: Jung Su-Ryun , Park Sol-Yi , Koh Jin-Ho , Kim Jong-Yeon 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of lithium on glucose disposal in a high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) animal model along with low-volume exercise and low-dose insulin. Lithium decreased body weight, fasting plasma glucose, and insulin levels when to treat with low-volume exercise training; however, there were no adaptive responses like an increase in GLUT4 content and translocation factor levels. We discovered that lithium enhanced glucose uptake by acute low-volume exercise-induced glycogen breakdown, which was facilitated by the dephosphorylation of serine 473-AKT (Ser473-AKT) and serine 9-GSK3β. In streptozotocin-induced T1DM mice, Li/low-dose insulin facilitates glucose uptake through increase the level of exocyst complex component 7 (Exoc7) and Ser473-AKT. Thus, lithium enhances acute exercise-induced glycogen breakdown and insulin-induced AKT activation and could serve as a candidate therapeutic target to regulate glucose level of DM patients.
Sphingosine-kinase-1 expression is associated with improved overall survival in high-grade serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Hanker L. C. , El-Balat A. , Drosos Z. , Kommoss S. , Karn T. , Holtrich U. , Gitas G. , Graeser-Mayer M. , Anglesio M. , Huntsman D. , Rody A. , Gevensleben H. , Hoellen F. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Sphingosine-kinase-1 (SPHK1) is a key enzyme of sphingolipid metabolism which is involved in ovarian cancer pathogenesis, progression and mechanisms of drug resistance. It is overexpressed in a variety of cancer subtypes. We investigated SPHK1 expression as a prognostic factor in epithelial ovarian cancer patients.

Methods
Expression analysis of SPHK1 was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue from 1005 ovarian cancer patients with different histological subtypes using immunohistochemistry. Staining intensity of positive tumor cells was assessed semi-quantitatively, and results were correlated with clinicopathological characteristics and survival.

Results
In our ovarian cancer collective, high levels of SPHK1 expression correlated significantly with complete surgical tumor resection (p = 0.002) and lower FIGO stage (p = 0.04). Progression-free and overall survival were further significantly longer in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer and overexpression of SPHK1 (p = 0.002 and p = 0.006, respectively).

Conclusion
Our data identify high levels of SPHK1 expression as a potential favorable prognostic marker in ovarian cancer patients.
Impact of lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic on number of patients and patterns of injuries at a level I trauma center
Authors: Nia Arastoo , Popp Domenik , Diendorfer Cornelia , Apprich Sebastian , Munteanu Alexandru , Hajdu Stefan , Widhalm Harald K. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryObjectiveThe outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) and its associated illness, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has led to a global health crisis burdening frontline emergency departments, including orthopedic and trauma units. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the impact of the lockdown secondary to the pandemic on patient numbers and pattern of injuries at the department of traumatology of the Medical University of Vienna.MethodsThis retrospective, descriptive study identified all patients admitted and enrolled onto the trauma registry at a level I trauma center, between 15 March 2020 and 30 April 2020 (lockdown) and compared them to those between 15 March 2019 and 30 April 2019 (baseline). Variables collected included patient age, sex, reason for hospital admission, place of injury, death, injury severity score (ISS), as well as American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) score.ResultsA total of 10,938 patient visits to the trauma emergency department were analyzed, 8353 presentations during the baseline period and 2585 during lockdown. Only 1869 acutely injured and 716 follow-up patients presented during lockdown, compared to 6178 and 2175, respectively, during baseline. Throughout the COVID-19 lockdown there were significant reductions in both workplace and traffic accidents, sports injuries, number of hospitalized patients, and overall visits to the trauma emergency department; however, the number of major traumas and hip fractures remained similar. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the frequency of injuries at home as well as hospital admissions due to attempted suicide.ConclusionDespite the reduction in total number of patients, trauma departments should continue to provide adequate service during lockdown considering that severe injuries showed no change. Conditions such as breakdown of social networks and limited access to mental health care and support might account for the significant rise in hospital admissions due to suicides. We recommend that more attention and effort should be made to prevent this excess of suicide deaths.
Long-term follow-up of a low profile, coated, press-fit cup: the trabeculae oriented pattern (T.O.P.) acetabular system
Authors: Mosconi L. , Cavagnaro L. , Zanirato A. , Quarto E. , Lontaro Baracchini M. , Formica M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Total hip arthroplasties (THAs) are rising worldwide, as the functional request of patients who undergo this procedure. The trabeculae oriented pattern (TOP) is a modern cup, which follows the philosophy of the tissue sparing surgery (TSS). Focusing on clinical and radiological results and complications, the authors aim to highlight the outcomes of the TOP at a long-term follow-up (FU).

Methods
A retrospective analysis was completed on THA performed with the TOP cup between 1997 and 2015. Five hundred and eighty-eight patients sustained surgery, for a total of 662 cup implanted. Four hundred and sixty patients (524 hips) were examined. Mean FU was 12 ± 4.9 years (range 5–22). Clinical (HHS, OHS and VAS) and radiological data were obtained. Every complication, reoperation or revision was recorded and analyzed.

Results
Clinical evaluation revealed a HHS of 87.1 ± 13.8 an OHS of 41.3 ± 5.4, and a VAS of 1.2 ± 1.1. Acetabular osteolysis was observed in 53 hips. Overall survival rate of the cup was 90.5% (50 revisions), the main causes of cup substitution being aseptic loosening (AL) of the cup combined with the stem (26), of the cup only (13 cases) and periprosthetic joint infection (7 cases).

Conclusion
TOP cup has demonstrated a good overall survivorship at a long-term FU, even compared with other coated cups, providing excellent clinical result with low rate of complications. Its association with a neck sparing stem permits a physiologic load transmission, reducing the stress shielding effect that could cause early implant mobilization.
Preliminary Studies on the Proppant Embedment in Baltic Basin Shale Rock
Authors: Masłowski Mateusz , Labus Małgorzata 
Published: March 2021

AbstractProppant embedment is a serious issue that reduces fracture width and conductivity. The paper presents the results of experiments on embedment phenomena on a shale rock from the region of the Baltic Basin, which is regarded as an unconventional gas deposit. A novel laboratory imaging procedure was implemented to the proppant embedment visualization. The tests were performed for conditions corresponding to the average reservoir conditions occurring in the studied deposit formation. The parameters characterizing damage of the surface of the fracture faces by the grains of proppant material, after the application of axial compressive stress to two shale core samples with proppant placed in between, are presented. The tests were carried out for rock samples pre-saturated with fracturing fluid. The obtained results of relatively low total effective penetration depth of proppant grains into the walls of the fracture (0.293 mm), and high effective width of fracture with proppant material after hydraulic fracturing (87.9%), indicate the proper selection of proppant and fracturing fluid for the properties of the rock and the reservoir conditions. The results of the experiments present a range of embedment parameters, that have not been widely described before. The test procedure presented in the article is a good method for assessing the vulnerability of a deposit rock to embedment phenomenon.
Was ist eine ökologische Schadensschwelle?
Authors: Steinmann Horst-Henning , de Mol Friederike , Kakau Joachim , Gerowitt Bärbel 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungSchwellenwerte im Pflanzenschutz sollen einen Anhaltspunkt geben, bei welcher Schaderregerdichte eine Bekämpfung mit Pflanzenschutzmitteln erfolgen soll bzw. wirtschaftlich sinnvoll ist. Für zahlreiche Ackerbaukulturen sind in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten Schwellenwerte erarbeitet bzw. festgesetzt worden. Wirtschaftliche Schadensschwellen, Bekämpfungsschwellen sowie Bekämpfungsrichtwerte sind Begriffe, die bei diesen Konzepten verwendet werden. Die Begriffe lassen sich per Definition unterscheiden, werden aber manchmal auch synonym verwendet. Seit dem Erscheinen und der Praxiseinführung des Schwellenkonzeptes wird es nicht nur von Unterstützung, sondern auch von Kritik begleitet. Eine Kritik lautet, dass sich ändernde Rahmenbedingungen die einmal festgesetzten Schwellen im Zeitverlauf unbrauchbar machen.Bisher sind die Schwellenkonzepte auf die Ertragsverluste und die mit der Bekämpfung entstehenden direkten Kosten ausgerichtet. Der Fokus liegt damit auf der Betriebswirtschaft. Nebeneffekte der Pflanzenschutzanwendung auf Nicht-Zielorganismen, die Nahrungskette und andere Aspekte der Biodiversität werden nicht berücksichtigt. Auch dies ist Anlass zur Kritik am Schwellenkonzept, da aufgrund dieser Fokussierung der vielfältige Nutzen der Ökosystemleistungen nicht bepreist und nachteilige Auswirkungen des chemischen Pflanzenschutzes nicht bewertet werden.Es ist bisher völlig unklar, wie eine solche, ökologische Sachverhalte berücksichtigende, Schadensschwelle herzuleiten ist und welche Daten dazu erforderlich sind. Weiterhin fehlt es an ersten Vorstellungen, welche Größenordnungen die Schwellen in einem solchen Konzept im Vergleich zu den bisher vorliegenden annehmen würden. Der Beitrag widmet sich daher konzeptionellen Überlegungen über Grundlagen so genannter ökologischer Schwellenkonzepte im Ackerbau und einer möglichen Herangehensweise an die Erarbeitung.Es werden Szenarien diskutiert, die alternative Funktionstypen und Verläufe von Befalls-Verlust-Relationen unter Einbeziehung ökologischer Effekte abbilden. Weiterhin ist denkbar, bisher nicht berücksichtigte Effekte auf die Kostenfunktion zu addieren. Die Überlegungen münden in der These, dass derartige neu berechnete Schadensschwellen oberhalb der bisher verwendeten anzusiedeln sind, während die Anwendungspraxis zu Werten unterhalb der seit Jahrzehnten bekannten Schwellen tendiert. Handlungsbedarf wird aufgezeigt.
Quaternionic contact 4n + 3-manifolds and their 4n-quotients
Authors: Kamishima Yoshinobu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe study some types of qc-Einstein manifolds with zero qc-scalar curvature introduced by S. Ivanov and D. Vassilev. Secondly, we shall construct a family of quaternionic Hermitian metrics $$(g_a,\{J_\alpha \}_{\alpha =1}^3)$$

(

g
a

,

{

J
α

}

α
=
1

3

)

on the domain Y of the standard quaternion space $${\mathbb {H}}^n$$

H

n

one of which, say $$(g_a,J_1)$$

(

g
a

,

J
1

)

is a Bochner flat Kähler metric. To do so, we deform conformally the standard quaternionic contact structure on the domain X of the quaternionic Heisenberg Lie group$${{\mathcal {M}}}$$
M
to obtain quaternionic Hermitian metrics on the quotient Y of X by $${\mathbb {R}}^3$$

R

3

.
Broadening the problem agenda of biological individuality: individual differences, uniqueness and temporality
Authors: Kaiser Marie I. , Trappes Rose 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBiological individuality is a notoriously thorny topic for biologists and philosophers of biology. In this paper we argue that biological individuality presents multiple, interconnected questions for biologists and philosophers that together form a problem agenda. Using a case study of an interdisciplinary research group in ecology, behavioral and evolutionary biology, we claim that a debate on biological individuality that seeks to account for diverse practices in the biological sciences should be broadened to include and give prominence to questions about uniqueness and temporality. We show that broadening the problem agenda of biological individuality draws attention to underrecognized philosophical issues and discussions and thereby organizes and enriches the existing debate.
Temperature and discharge variations in natural mineral water springs due to climate variability: a case study in the Piedmont Alps (NW Italy)
Authors: Bastiancich Leone , Lasagna Manuela , Mancini Susanna , Falco Mauro , De Luca Domenico Antonio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the context of global climate change, understanding the relationships between climate and groundwater is increasingly important. This study in the NW Alps represents the first regional-scale investigation of the groundwater feature variation in mountain aquifers due to climate variability. The analysis of groundwater temperature and discharge in 28 natural mineral water springs and meteorological parameters (rainfall and air temperature) permitted us to evaluate the annual behaviour and possible trends of these parameters during the period from 2001 to 2018. The air temperature showed a positive trend almost everywhere, with a rise of up to 0.03 °C/year. In contrast, only ten springs showed a positive trend for groundwater temperature, but with the smallest rates of increase. Moreover, despite the substantial stability of the rainfall amount, 50% of the analysed springs showed a trend (29 and 21% for positive and negative trends, respectively) with low discharge variations. Finally, cross-correlation analyses proved the close relationship between air and groundwater temperatures, with a time lag between 0 and 3 months, and between spring discharge and air temperature, with a time lag between 1 and 3 months. In particular, spring discharge is closely connected to snow melting in spring and subordinate to rainfall. These results highlight the existing correlations between spring discharge and various meteorological and topographic parameters in the studied mountain area and provide a preliminary framework of the impacts of climatic variability on the availability and temperature of the exploited water resources.
Influence of the anodization conditions and chemical treatment on the formation of alumina membranes with defined pore diameters
Authors: Dobosz Iwona 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPorous anodic aluminum oxide membranes were fabricated via two-step anodization of aluminum in 0.3 M H2C2O4, 0.3 M H2SO4and 0.17 M H3PO4solutions. The parameters of the oxide film such as: pore diameter (Dp), interpore distance (Dc), porosity (P) and pore density (ρ) can be completely controlled by the operating conditions of the anodization. Additionally, the pore diameters and pore density can be controlled via a chemical treatment (pore opening/widening process). The effect of anodizing conditions such as the applied voltage, type of electrolyte and purity of the substrate on the rate of porous oxide growth are discussed. The obtained results were compared with the theoretical predictions and data that has been reported in the literature. The influence of the duration of chemical etching on the structural features of the oxide membranes was studied. On the based on qualitative and quantitative FFT analyzes and circularity maps, it was found that the nanostructures of anodized aluminum have the maximum order under certain specified conditions. The presence of alloying elements affects not only the rate of oxide growth but also the morphology of the anodic aluminum oxide. The rate of oxide growth depends on the electrolyte type and temperature. During chemical treatment of the oxide films pore diameter increases with the pore widening time and the highest pore widening was observed in phosphoric acid solution.
Unbiased estimation of the gradient of the log-likelihood in inverse problems
Authors: Jasra Ajay , Law Kody J. H. , Lu Deng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe consider the problem of estimating a parameter$$\theta \in \Theta \subseteq {\mathbb {R}}^{d_{\theta }}$$θ∈Θ⊆Rdθassociated with a Bayesian inverse problem. Typically one must resort to a numerical approximation of gradient of the log-likelihood and also adopt a discretization of the problem in space and/or time. We develop a new methodology to unbiasedly estimate the gradient of the log-likelihood with respect to the unknown parameter, i.e. the expectation of the estimate has no discretization bias. Such a property is not only useful for estimation in terms of the original stochastic model of interest, but can be used in stochastic gradient algorithms which benefit from unbiased estimates. Under appropriate assumptions, we prove that our estimator is not only unbiased but of finite variance. In addition, when implemented on a single processor, we show that the cost to achieve a given level of error is comparable to multilevel Monte Carlo methods, both practically and theoretically. However, the new algorithm is highly amenable to parallel computation.