bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dianion and Dication of Tetracyclopentatetraphenylene as Decoupled Annulene‐within‐an‐Annulene Models
Authors: Miyoshi Hirokazu , Sugiura Ryosuke , Kishi Ryohei , Spisak Sarah N. , Wei Zheng , Muranaka Atsuya , Uchiyama Masanobu , Kobayashi Nagao , Chatterjee Shreyam , Ie Yutaka , Hisaki Ichiro , Petrukhina Marina A. , Nishinaga Tohru , Nakano Masayoshi , Tobe Yoshito 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe dianion and dication of tetramesityl‐substituted tetracyclopentatetraphenylene, a circulene consisting of alternating five‐ and six‐membered rings, have been generated by reduction with alkali metals and oxidation with antimony(V) halides, respectively. They are theoretically predicted to adopt double annulenoid structures called annulene‐within‐an‐annulene models in which the outer and inner conjugation circuits are significantly decoupled. The theoretical structures were experimentally proven by X‐ray crystallographic analyses and the electronic configurations were supported by MCD spectra. Based on the 13C NMR chemical shifts, negative and positive charges are shown to be located mainly at the outer periphery, indicating that the dianion and dication have delocalized 22‐π and 18‐π electron outer perimeters, respectively, and 8‐π electron structure at the inner ring. Notably, the dianion has an open‐shell character, whereas the dication has a closed‐shell ground state.
Site‐Specific Reduction‐Induced Hydrogenation of a Helical Bilayer Nanographene with K and Rb Metals: Electron Multiaddition and Selective Rb+ Complexation
Authors: Zhou Zheng , Fernández‐García Jesús M. , Zhu Yikun , Evans Paul J. , Rodríguez Rafael , Crassous Jeanne , Wei Zheng , Fernández Israel , Petrukhina Marina A. , Martín Nazario 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe chemical reduction of π‐conjugated bilayer nanographene 1 (C138H120) with K and Rb in the presence of 18‐crown‐6 affords [K+(18‐crown‐6)(THF)2][{K+(18‐crown‐6)}2(THF)0.5][C138H1223−] (2) and [Rb+(18‐crown‐6)2][{Rb+(18‐crown‐6)}2(C138H1223−)] (3). Whereas K+ cations are fully solvent‐separated from the trianionic core thus affording a “naked” 1.3− anion, Rb+ cations are coordinated to the negatively charged layers of 1.3−. According to DFT calculations, the localization of the first two electrons in the helicene moiety leads to an unprecedented site‐specific hydrogenation process at the carbon atoms located on the edge of the helicene backbone. This uncommon reduction‐induced site‐specific hydrogenation provokes dramatic changes in the (electronic) structure of 1 as the helicene backbone becomes more compressed and twisted upon chemical reduction, which results in a clear slippage of the bilayers.
Methodology for the observation of radio sources using Ku‐band compact radio telescopes
Authors: Galeano David , Quintero Edwin A. , Salazar Miguel A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGiven the rise of satellite television, radio telescopes in the Ku‐band (12–18 GHz) constitute a potential alternative to introduce low‐scale astronomical observatories and amateur astronomers to radio astronomy. In this paper, we show a methodology for the calibration of Ku‐band radio telescopes and the evaluation of the techniques used for the observation of celestial bodies in this frequency range. To reduce the pointing error, we present a method of observation through matrix windows around the Sun. By observing the solar transits, our methodology allows to determine the system temperature, the beamwidth, the gain, the effective area, and the efficiency of the radio telescope. In addition, we developed the Compact Radio Telescope (CRT) software, designed to perform the calibration, and carry out observations. We tested our methodology with the Ku‐band radio telescope of the Observatorio Astronómico of the Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira (OAUTP), Colombia. After observing the Sun and the Moon, we obtained a brightness temperature of 8,600 ± 800 K and 240 ± 50 K, and radiation fluxes of 2,970,000 ± 690,000 Jy and 55,000 ± 10,000 Jy, respectively. These observations demonstrated the usefulness of our methodology and CRT software in the calibration of compact Ku‐band radio telescopes for the observation of celestial bodies in radio waves.
Unmasking the history of 3C 293 with LOFAR sub‐arcsecond imaging
Authors: Kukreti Pranav , Morganti Raffaella , Shimwell Timothy W. , Morabito Leah K. , Beswick Robert J. , Brienza Marisa , Hardcastle Martin J. , Sweijen Frits , Jackson Neal , Miley George K. , Moldon Javier , Oosterloo Tom , Gasperin Francesco de 
Published: December 2021

AbstractActive galactic nuclei show episodic activity, which can be evident in galaxies that exhibit restarted radio jets. These restarted jets can interact with their environment, leaving signatures in the radio spectral energy distribution. Tracing these signatures requires resolved spectral index measurements over a broad frequency range. We present such a study for the radio galaxy 3C 293. Using the International Low Frequency Array Telescope (ILT), we probe spatial scales as fine as ∼0.2″ at 144 MHz and to constrain the spectrum, we combine these data with Multi‐Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network and Very Large Array archival data at frequencies up to 8.4 GHz. In the inner lobes (∼2 kpc), we detect the presence of a compact steep spectrum (CSS) source with a spectral turnover at ∼225 MHz, caused by free‐free absorption from the rich surrounding medium. We find evidence of interaction of the lobes with the rich interstellar medium of the host galaxy. The outer lobes (extending up to ∼100 kpc) have a remarkably uniform spatial distribution of spectral index and only mild spectral curvature (of ∼0.2). Overall, it appears that 3C 293 has gone through multiple (two to three) epochs of activity. This study adds 3C 293 to the new sub‐group of restarted galaxies with short interruption time periods (≲1 Myr). This is the first time a spatially resolved study has been performed that simultaneously studies a young CSS source as well as the older outer lobes at such low frequencies.
Energetische Kennzahlen von Theaterbauten im Bestand – Klassifizierung des Energieverbrauchs und Potenzial energetischer Sanierungen
Authors: Paulukat Carolin , Pape Eva‐Maria 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIm Zuge der Klimaziele der Bundesrepublik Deutschland ist der Energieverbrauch von Gebäuden stark in den Fokus gerückt. Der Energieverbrauch sowie die energetischen Einsparpotenziale von Gebäuden differieren in Abhängigkeit von der Gebäudetypologie. Verlässliche Aussagen diesbezüglich können nur durch die sukzessive Analyse der einzelnen Gebäudetypologien getroffen werden. Die komplexe Gebäudetypologie der Theaterspielstätten war bisher noch nicht Gegenstand der Forschung, sodass keine energetischen Kennwerte für den Gebäudebestand vorlagen. Mittels einer Querschnittserhebung wurde in Deutschland durch die Technische Hochschule Köln eine entsprechende Datenbasis geschaffen. Hierbei wurde festgestellt, dass der durchschnittliche Stromverbrauch des Gebäudebestands von Theaterspielstätten bei 60,5 kWh/(m2a) liegt. Der spezifische Verbrauch für Heizung und Warmwasser fällt mit 104,6 kWh/(m2a) höher aus. Die Gegenüberstellung mit normativen Referenzwerten hat gezeigt, dass der durchschnittliche Stromverbrauchskennwert der Stichproben diese um ein Vielfaches übersteigt, während der Verbrauchskennwert für Heizung und Warmwasser leicht darunter liegt. Einzelne Faktoren, die das Energieverbrauchsniveau maßgeblich beeinflussen, konnten auf Basis der Stichproben nicht eindeutig identifiziert werden.
Quantitative Standards of 4‐O‐Acetyl‐ and 9‐O‐Acetyl‐N‐Acetylneuraminic Acid for the Analysis of Plasma and Serum
Authors: Cheeseman Jack , Badia Concepcion , Thomson Rebecca I. , Kuhnle Gunter , Gardner Richard A. , Spencer Daniel I. R. , Osborn Helen M. I. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractN‐Acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid, Neu5Ac) is one of a large, diverse family of nine‐carbon monosaccharides that play roles in many biological functions such as immune response. Neu5Ac has previously been identified as a potential biomarker for the presence and pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes and cancer. More recent research has highlighted acetylated sialic acid derivatives, specifically Neu5,9Ac2, as biomarkers for oral and breast cancers, but advances in analysis have been hampered due to a lack of commercially available quantitative standards. We report here the synthesis of 9‐O‐ and 4‐O‐acetylated sialic acids (Neu5,9Ac2 and Neu4,5Ac2) with optimisation of previously reported synthetic routes. Neu5,9Ac2 was synthesised in 1 step in 68 % yield. Neu4,5Ac2 was synthesised in 4 steps in 39 % overall yield. Synthesis was followed by analysis of these standards via quantitative NMR (qNMR) spectroscopy. Their utilisation for the identification and quantification of specific acetylated sialic acid derivatives in biological samples is also demonstrated.
Reactivation of herpes zoster after vaccination with an inactivated vaccine: A case report from Nepal
Authors: Shah Sangam , Baral Bikash , Chamlagain Rajan , Murarka Hritik , Raj Adhikari Yagya , Sharma Paudel Basanta 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCOVID‐19 has been linked to a number of cutaneous symptoms in COVID‐19 patients. Although herpes zoster (HZ) was the first sign of COVID‐19 infection in several patients, cases of HZ after COVID‐19 vaccination are rare. Here, we report a case of 51‐year‐old male patient with herpes zoster after Sinopharm (Vero cell) vaccination.
Predicting mortality from credit reports
Authors: De Giorgi Giacomo , Harding Matthew , Vasconcelos Gabriel F. R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractData on hundreds of variables related to individual consumer finance behavior (such as credit card and loan activity) is routinely collected in many countries and plays an important role in lending decisions. We postulate that the detailed nature of this data may be used to predict outcomes in seemingly unrelated domains such as individual health. We build a series of machine learning models to demonstrate that credit report data can be used to predict individual mortality. Variable groups related to credit cards and various loans, mostly unsecured loans, are shown to carry significant predictive power. Lags of these variables are also significant thus indicating that dynamics also matters. Improved mortality predictions based on consumer finance data can have important economic implications in insurance markets but may also raise privacy concerns.
Novel ideas to further expand the applicability of rhythm analysis
Authors: Burchardt Lara S. , Briefer Elodie F. , Knörnschild Mirjam 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe temporal structure of animals’ acoustic signals can inform about context, urgency, species, individual identity, or geographical origin. We present three independent ideas to further expand the applicability of rhythm analysis for isochronous, that is, metronome‐like, rhythms. A description of a rhythm or beat needs to include a description of its goodness of fit, meaning how well the rhythm describes a sequence. Existing goodness‐of‐fit values are not comparable between methods and datasets. Furthermore, they are strongly correlated with certain parameters of the described sequence, for example, the number of elements in the sequence. We introduce a new universal goodness‐of‐fit value, ugof, comparable across methods and datasets, which illustrates how well a certain beat frequency in Hz describes the temporal structure of a sequence of elements. We then describe two additional approaches to adapt already existing methods to analyze the rhythm of acoustic sequences of animals. The new additions, a slightly modified way to use the already established Fourier analysis and concrete examples on how to use the visualization with recurrence plots, enable the analysis of more variable data, while giving more details than previously proposed measures. New methods are tested on 6 datasets including the very complex flight songs of male skylarks. The ugof is the first goodness‐of‐fit value capable of giving the information per element, instead of only per sequence. Advantages and possible interpretations of the new approaches are discussed. The new methods enable the analysis of more variable and complex communication signals. They give indications on which levels and structures to analyze and enable to track changes and differences in individuals or populations, for instance, during ontogeny or across regions. Especially, the ugof is not restricted to the analysis of acoustic signals but could for example also be applied on heartbeat measurements. Taken together, the ugof and proposed method additions greatly broaden the scope of rhythm analysis methods.
Current nest box designs may not be optimal for the larger forest dormice: Pre‐hibernation increase in body mass might lead to sampling bias in ecological data
Authors: Farhadi Hesamaddin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Biologists commonly use nest boxes to study small arboreal mammals, including the forest dormouse (Dryomys nitedula). Hibernating dormouse species often experience pronounced seasonal variations in body mass, which might lead to sampling biases if it is not taken into account when designing nest boxes. In my study of the forest dormouse, I noticed that the entrance hole of nest boxes had been gnawed. I hypothesized that this behavior was exhibited by the individual dormice of higher body mass, who were unable to pass through the entrance holes.

To test my hypothesis, I categorized the individual dormice present inside nest boxes based on their body mass and then compared the seasonal body mass dynamics with the timing of the gnawing behavior. I also compared nest box occupancy by the forest dormouse before and after the gnawing behavior.

Interestingly, I found that the gnawing behavior was displayed exclusively when part of the dormouse population increased considerably in body mass, which supports my hypothesis. Additionally, nest box occupancy decreased significantly from 20% before to 4.6% after the gnawing behavior.

I suggest that researchers include nest boxes with entrance holes larger than 4 cm in future studies of the forest dormouse to prevent the possible exclusion of the conspecifics that have higher body mass before hibernation. This type of sampling bias might also concern studies of other species, such as the fat dormouse, that similarly show pronounced seasonal variations in body mass. I recommend that biologists consider the seasonal body mass dynamics of the target species when designing nest boxes to minimize bias in ecological data and improve management actions.
Modification of the toxic effects of methylmercury and thimerosal by testosterone and estradiol in SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line
Authors: Erdemli‐Köse Selinay Başak , Yirün Anıl , Balci‐Özyurt Aylin , Erkekoğlu Pınar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractShort‐chained alkyl mercury compounds accumulate in particularly in the brain. Exposure to these compounds is associated with various neurotoxic effects. Gender‐based differences are observed in neurodevelopmental disorders, and testosterone and estradiol may alter the toxic effect of the compounds. The present study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of methylmercury and thimerosal on SH‐SY5Y cells in high testosterone/low estradiol and high estradiol/low testosterone containing cellular environment and estimate whether male and female brains react differently to the toxic effects of methylmercury and thimerosal. Study groups (n = 3) were designed as control: growth medium, thimerosal (T): 1.15‐μM thimerosal, methylmercury (M): 2.93‐μM methylmercury, high testosterone/low estradiol + thimerosal (TT): 1‐μM testosterone + 0.75‐μM estradiol + 1.15‐μM thimerosal, high estradiol/low testosterone + thimerosal (ET): 0.1‐μM testosterone + 7.5‐μM estradiol + 1.15‐μM thimerosal, high testosterone/low estradiol + methylmercury (TM): 1‐μM testosterone + 0.75‐μM estradiol + 2.93‐μM methylmercury and high estradiol/low testosterone + methylmercury (EM): 0.1‐μM testosterone + 7.5‐μM estradiol + 2.93‐μM methylmercury. While a significant decrease in glutathione levels was observed in M group, it was not seen in EM group. A significant increase in the protein carbonyl levels was detected in T group. A similar increase was observed in the TM and TT groups in which testosterone was dominant. It was determined that methylmercury, but not thimerosal, caused significant DNA damage and in TT group. The results showed that both thimerosal and methylmercury are toxic on SH‐SY5Y cells and toxic effects of methylmercury are more severe than thimerosal. It has been determined that testosterone and estradiol alter the toxic effects of thimerosal and methylmercury.
Improving rural hospital clinical pharmacy services through workforce innovation with ward‐based pharmacy technicians
Authors: Hwang Euna , Withers Amelia P. , Gordon Lachlan Andrew Neil 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAustralian regional hospitals regularly face significant challenges in the recruitment and retainment of clinical pharmacists. An audit conducted at a regional hospital in Southern New South Wales (NSW) demonstrated that 79% of patients did not receive clinical pharmacy services during their admission. It was recognised that there was an urgent need for innovation within the current workforce. The ward‐based pharmacy technician (WBPT) model was implemented by establishing a 14‐day training program with subsequent assessment by clinical pharmacists. WBPTs undertook activities including assisting clinical pharmacists in compiling medication histories and participating in ward‐specific medication safety audits. An audit of comparison indicators before and after implementation demonstrated significant improvements in all comparative measures. Implementation of WBPTs in this regional hospital has demonstrated improved workflow for the clinical pharmacist, and contributed to patient and medication safety via increased completion rates of medication reconciliation.
Sensory profiling and consumer evaluation of solar dried tomato powder in Ghana
Authors: Owureku‐Asare Mavis , Oduro Ibok , Agyei‐Amponsah Joyce , Saalia Firibu K , Tortoe Charles , Ambrose Rose Prabin Kingsly , Adjei Maame Yaa Blay 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDTomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is an important vegetable in Ghana, with high post‐harvest losses due to absence of facilities to store, process and extend the shelf life of fresh tomatoes. Solar drying has been proven to be a more efficient and low‐cost method of enhancing quality and adding value to tomato and other vegetables. However, there are concerns about sensory appeal of the dried products. In this study a natural mixed mode solar dryer was developed to dry pre‐treated fresh Roma tomatoes. The sensory characteristics of the solar dried product was profiled and compared to the sensory properties of similar commercial dried tomato on the market using quantitative descriptive analysis methodology. Consumer testing using qualitative methods provided consumer feedback on the appeal of the solar dried tomatoes.RESULTSResults showed that the solar dried tomato powder had a stronger tomato aroma intensity (scoring 127 on a 150 mm intensity scale) than the market products (0.7 on the same 150 mm intensity scale). When reconstituted, the solar dried tomato powder had a coarse appearance and texture, and a strong cooked tomato aroma compared to tomato paste. Consumers indicated that tomato powder was used as a thickener because it was highly viscous and when reconstituted imparted a desirable cooked tomato aroma and flavor.CONCLUSIONConsidering the positions of the tomato products in the sensory space, although tomato powder had its own unique sensory properties, it also exhibited some sensory characteristics found in tomato paste. From this study, high‐quality tomato powder has great potential for commercialization. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Performance and self‐perceived hearing impairment after cochlear implantation in Menière's disease
Authors: Wrobel Christian , Bevis Nicholas F. , Klinge‐Strahl Astrid , Strenzke Nicola , Beutner Dirk 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveEvaluation of the self‐perceived hearing impairment and performance after cochlear implantation in patients with definite Menière's disease (MD).Patients and MethodsSeventeen unilaterally or bilaterally profoundly hearing‐impaired patients suffering from MD who received a cochlear implantat (CI) were eligible for inclusion in this study. Their self‐perceived hearing impairment using the short Speech Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ12) as well as their performance in speech perception (German language Freiburger mono‐ and multisyllable test, Oldenburger sentence test) were compared with a best‐matched control group of non‐MD patients up to 24 months of follow‐up.ResultsMD patients improved significantly in perception of monosyllables presented at 65 dBSPL, from preoperatively best aided 18.2% [2.4, 34.0] to 51.7% [39.4, 63.9] 1 year after cochlear implantation (mean [95% confidence interval]). Their performance approached the matched controls with 63.2% [55.7, 70.8]. Monosyllables presented at a lower intensity of 55 dBSPL revealed a significant underperformance of the MD patients (21.1% [12.6, 29.6]) in contrast to the non‐MD controls (39.1% [30.9, 47.4]) 12 months post‐CI. Self‐assessed hearing disability was significantly more pronounced in MD patients with a mean total SSQ12 score of 3.6 [2.4, 4.9] in comparison to 6.1 [5.4, 6.8] of the matched non‐MD controls after 12 months of cochlear implantation.ConclusionCochlear implantation substantially improves hearing capabilities in profoundly hearing‐impaired patients with MD, but they tend to underperform in comparison to non‐MD patients at least at lower sound pressure levels. This is likely one reason for the poorer self‐assessed hearing function of cochlear implanted MD patients.Level of Evidence3, retrospective, nonrandomized follow‐up study.
THE IMPACT PLAYERS OF THE WORKPLACE
Authors: Wiseman Liz , Hancock Lauren 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe authors explain what separates “impact players” in workplaces from other individuals who, while smart and capable, are less impactful to organizational success. They talked to 170 leaders at Adobe, Google, LinkedIn, NASA, Salesforce, SAP, Splunk, Stanford Health, and Target. A major differentiator is how impact players approach problems and challenges, categorized in their words as: Messy Problems, Unclear Roles, Unforeseen Obstacles, Moving Targets, and Unrelenting Demands. The authors contend that “these challenges don’t typically amount to major crises, but they are all situations fraught with ambiguity and uncertainty, scenarios where people can easily feel out of control.” Impact Players tend to see these situations and take action through an Opportunity Lens, while others use a Threat Lens. The authors identify five practices (identified in depth in the article), which in their words are (1) Do the Job That’s Needed; (2) Step Up, then Step Back; (3) Finish Stronger; (4) Ask and Adjust; (5) Make Work Light. In order to wear opportunity goggles, four techniques are explained: (1) Recognize Ambiguous Situations; (2) Check Your Lens; (3) Reframe the Situation; (4) Replace with an Opportunity Lens. Recognize also that that “one’s impact level is not necessarily static throughout their career: growth is possible.”