bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A granular perspective on inclusion: Objectively measured interactions of preschoolers with and without autism
Authors: Fasano Regina M. , Perry Lynn K. , Zhang Yi , Vitale Laura , Wang Jue , Song Chaoming , Messinger Daniel S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChildren's preschool experiences have consequences for development. However, it is not clear how children's real‐time interactions with peers affect their language development; nor is it clear whether these processes differ between children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and two other groups of children, those with general developmental delays (DD) and typically developing (TD) children. We used objective measures of movement and vocalizations to quantify children's real‐time dyadic vocal interactions and quantify classroom social networks. Participants included 56 preschoolers (22 female; M = 50.14 months) in five inclusive classrooms for children with ASD or DD and their TD peers. Each class was observed monthly on two to five occasions. Overall, children vocalized more to peers who had vocalized more to them in the previous observation. These dyadic vocalization patterns were associated with group differences in social network analyses. Modularity, the cohesiveness of group ties, was lower among children with ASD than it was among TD children or children with DD. Individually, children with ASD exhibited lower total levels of vocalizations with peers (lower degree centrality) than TD children and children with DD. In an exploratory analysis with a subset of the participants, children's degree centrality was strongly associated with their end‐of‐year assessed language abilities, even when accounting for mean differences between groups. Findings highlight the impact peers and social networks play in real‐time language use and in the developing language abilities of children with ASD in inclusion classrooms.Lay SummaryThis study objectively measured associations between children's peer vocal interactions and assessed language abilities in inclusion classrooms for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their peers. All children benefited from peers talking to them, but children with ASD were less central to classroom speech networks than were typically developing children. Children's centrality to social speech networks, regardless of ASD status, was associated with assessed language abilities.
Early Battery Performance Prediction for Mixed Use Charging Profiles Using Hierarchal Machine Learning
Authors: Kunz M. Ross , Dufek Eric J. , Yi Zonggen , Gering Kevin L. , Shirk Matthew G. , Smith Kandler , Chen Bor‐Rong , Wang Qiang , Gasper Paul , Bewley Randy L. , Tanim Tanvir R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA key step limiting how fast batteries can be deployed is the time necessary to provide evaluation and validation of performance. Using data analysis approaches, such as machine learning, the validation process can be accelerated. However, questions on the validity of projecting models trained on limited data or simple cycling profiles, such as constant current cycling, to real‐world scenarios with complex loads remains. Here, we present the ability to predict performance with less than 1.2 % mean absolute percent error when trained on cells aged using complex electric vehicle discharge profiles, and either AC Level 2 charge or DC Fast charge profiles, using only the first 45 cycles, namely 5 % of the total testing time. While error is low across the projections, this study also highlights that battery lifetime analysis using only cycling data may not extrapolate safely to certain real‐world conditions due to the impact of calendar degradation.
LINE‐1 vectors mediate recombinant antibody gene transfer by retrotransposition in Chinese hamster ovary cells
Authors: Zheng Feiyang , Kawabe Yoshinori , Murakami Mai , Takahashi Mamika , Nishihata Kyoka , Yoshida Souichiro , Ito Akira , Kamihira Masamichi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRetrotransposons, such as long interspersed element‐1 (LINE‐1), can copy themselves to other genomic loci via a transposition event (termed retrotransposition). Retrotransposons, therefore, have potential use as an efficient gene delivery tool to integrate multiple copies of a target gene into a host genome. Here, we developed a retrotransposon vector based on LINE‐1 that achieves target gene integration of multiple transgene copies.The retrotransposon vector contains a neomycin resistance gene split by an intron as a marker gene, and a gene encoding an antibody single‐chain variable fragment (Fv) fused with the constant antibody region (Fc) (scFv‐Fc) as a model target gene. G418‐resistant Chinese hamster ovary cells were generated using this retrotransposon vector, and scFv‐Fc was produced in the culture medium.To regulate retrotransposition, we developed a retrotransposon vector system that separately expressed the two open reading frames (ORF1 and ORF2) of LINE‐1. Genomic PCR analysis detected the transgene sequence in almost all tested clones. Compared with clones established using the intact LINE‐1 vector, clones generated with the split ORF1 and ORF2 system showed similar specific scFv‐Fc productivity and retrotransposition efficiency.This approach of using a retrotransposon‐based vector system has the potential to provide a new gene delivery tool for mammalian cells.
Engineering the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica for β‐farnesene overproduction
Authors: Shi Tianqiong , Li Yawen , Zhu Li , Tong Yangyang , Yang Junjie , Fang Yunming , Wang Meng , Zhang Jieze , Jiang Yu , Yang Sheng 
Published: May 2021

Abstractβ‐farnesene is a sesquiterpenoid with various industrial applications which is now commercially produced by a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain obtained by random mutagenesis and genetic engineering. We rationally designed a genetically defined Yarrowia lipolytica through recovery of L‐leucine biosynthetic route, gene dosage optimization of β‐farnesene synthase and disruption of the competition pathway. The resulting β‐farnesene titer was improved from 8 to 345 mg L‐1. Finally, the strategy for decreasing the lipid accumulation by individually and iteratively knocking out four acyltransferases encoding genes was adopted. The result displayed that β‐farnesene titer in the engineered strain CIBT6304 in which acyltransferases (DGA1 and DGA2) were deleted increased by 45% and reached 539 mg L‐1 (88 mg g‐1 DCW). Using fed‐batch fermentation, CIBT6304 could produce the highest β‐farnesene titer (22.8 g L‐1) among the genetically defined strains. This study will provide the foundation of engineering Y. lipolytica to produce other terpenoids more cost‐efficiently.
Recent improvement in survival outcomes and reappraisal of prognostic factors in hepatoblastoma
Authors: Koh Kyung‐Nam , Namgoong Jung‐Man , Yoon Hee Mang , Cho Young Ah , Choi Se Hoon , Shin Juhee , Kang Sung Han , Suh Jin Kyung , Kim Hyery , Oh Seak Hee , Kim Kyung Mo , Kim Dae Yeon , Im Ho Joon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrognostic factors in hepatoblastoma need to be reevaluated considering the advances in treatment modalities. The study aimed to evaluate current outcomes of hepatoblastoma and reappraise the association of prognostic factors, including pre‐treatment extent of tumor (PRETEXT) stage with annotation factors and Children's Hepatic tumors International Collaboration‐Hepatoblastoma Stratification (CHIC‐HS) system, with survival outcomes.MethodsWe evaluated 103 consecutive patients with hepatoblastoma retrospectively according to the treatment period based on the introduction of a liver transplantation program.ResultsThe 5‐year overall survival (OS), event‐free survival (EFS), and transplant‐free survival rates were 80.2%, 74.2%, and 61.8%, respectively. EFS and OS were improved significantly from 58.6% to 81.6% (P = 0.024) and from 58.6% to 90.8% (P < 0.001), respectively, in the late period (N = 74) compared with the early period (N = 29). The PRETEXT stage was significant or marginally significant for EFS and OS in the early period but not in the late period. The P, F, R, and C factors were significant for OS and EFS in the early period. However, in the late period, only the P factor was significant for OS, and the F and M factors were significant for EFS. The CHIC‐HS system was significant or marginally significant for EFS in both the early and late periods; however, it was significant for OS only in the early period.ConclusionSurvival rates were significantly improved in children with hepatoblastoma, especially in those with advanced PRETEXT stages with positive annotation factors and in a high‐risk CHIC‐HS group. Prognostic factors had different clinical implications with evolved treatment modalities.
Influence of Spray Drying Parameters on the Formation of β‐Phase Poly(vinylidene fluoride)
Authors: Wiegmann Jens , Beuermann Sabine , Weber Alfred P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA simple one‐step spraying method to produce poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) in the desired conformation is presented. The content of the piezoelectric β‐phase is measured at different spray drying conditions and during electrospray. The influence of a strong electrical field and charges on the droplet are investigated separately from the electrospray setup with a pneumatic atomizer. For this purpose, the electric field is integrated into a pneumatic atomization process by a plate capacitor and the charge of the droplets by corona discharge. To investigate the drying properties, the drying temperature and the flow rate of dry air are examined. The presented process offers the possibility to deposit PVDF films or to produce PVDF powders, in their piezoelectric β‐ and γ‐phases or in the nonpolar α‐phase.
Dealuminated Y Zeolite for Water‐Driven Adsorption Heat Pumps: Hydrothermal Stability
Authors: Buhl Josef‐Christian , Lutz Wolfgang , Herzog Thomas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSilica gel or zeolites AlPO‐5 and SAPO‐34 are recommended as adsorbents in water‐driven heat pumps because of their selective water uptake. Secondary energy, like solar energy, can be used for regeneration of loaded adsorbers. In case of the availability of only low energy levels, the use of dealuminated Y zeolite (DAY) is the better choice because of the infinitely variation of its hydrophilic properties by tailoring of the framework Si/Al ratio. Actual data on the hydrothermal stability of DAY are lacking. Thus, we report on the long‐term behavior of DAY zeolites with different Si/Al ratios.
Prevalance and clinical characteristics of gingival recession in Greek young adults: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Fragkioudakis Ioannis , Tassou Dimitra , Sideri Maria , Vouros Ioannis 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe current cross‐sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence of gingival recession (REC) in a sample of young individuals. In addition, the association with several risk factors was examined.Materials & methodsA 104 subjects, aged 18–30 years old, were randomly enrolled in the study. Participants were requested to fill in a simple structured questionnaire in order to provide information on dental hygiene habits, educational level, smoking and history of orthodontic treatment. Afterwards, all the included individuals were subjected to a thorough clinical periodontal examination including gingival recession (REC), gingival biotype, plaque levels and gingival bleeding index (GBI) assessment.ResultsThe mean prevalence of REC in the studied population surpassed 50% with an equal distribution among females and males. The most common teeth associated with REC were the lower left canine and left 1st premolar. Among the examined variables, only the bleeding index was found to be associated with the presence of REC.ConclusionsGingival recession was a prevalent condition among young individuals. Gingival inflammation was found to be the most significant factor affecting the incidence of REC.
A survey of traditional and advanced automatic modulation classification techniques, challenges, and some novel trends
Authors: Abdel‐Moneim Mohamed A. , El‐Shafai Walid , Abdel‐Salam Nariman , El‐Rabaie El‐Sayed M. , Abd El‐Samie Fathi E. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryAutomatic modulation classification (AMC) is an important stage in intelligent wireless communication receivers. It is a necessary process after signal detection, and before demodulation. It plays a vital role in various applications. Blind modulation classification is a very difficult task without information about the transmitted signal and the receiver parameters like carrier frequency, signal power, timing information, phase offset, existence of frequency‐selective multipath fading, and time‐varying channels in real‐world applications. The AMC methods are divided into traditional and advanced methods. Traditional methods include likelihood‐based (LB) and feature‐based (FB) methods. The advanced methods include deep learning (DL) methods. In addition, the AMC methods are used to classify different modulation schemes such as ASK, PSK, FSK, PAM, and QAM with different orders and different signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs). This paper focuses on summarizing the AMC methoods, comparing between them, presenting the commercial software packages for AMC, and finally considering the new challenges in the implementation of AMC.
Enhanced moth flame optimization based Supervision Kernel Entropy Component Analysis for high‐speed encrypted transmission model
Authors: M Babu , Sathish Kumar G A 
Published: May 2021

SummaryRecently, encryption technology plays a vital role in providing secure information. In the multimedia sector, several images and posts are broadcasted via the internet on a daily basis; in which the images are transmitted on social media and are subjected to several security attacks. As a result, it is essential to secure the images from illegal or forbidden accessing. This paper aims to develop a novel Supervision Kernel Entropy Component Analysis‐enhanced moth flame optimization (SKECA‐EMFO)‐based encrypted transmission system. Here, an effective encryption transmission system is designed using a Bayes minimum risk classifier to secure sensitive information during the transmission processes. Furthermore, the SM4 encryption algorithm performs high‐speed encrypted transmission speed and achieves intelligent recognition performance. The novel SKECA‐EMFO approach is employed in demonstrating facial expression recognition thereby obtaining an optimal feature set. Finally, seven benchmark functions are utilized to examine and calculate the efficiency of the newly established proposed approach. The comparative analysis is carried out with a few approaches, and the results reveal that the proposed approach provides superior performances than other existing techniques.
Landscape composition mediates the relationship between predator body size and pest control
Authors: Perez‐Alvarez Ricardo , Grab Heather , Polyakov Anthony , Poveda Katja 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms contributing to positive relationships between predator diversity and natural pest control is fundamental to inform more effective management practices to support sustainable crop production. Predator body size can provide important insights to better understand and predict such predator‐pest interactions. Yet, most studies exploring the link between predator body size and pest control have been conducted in species‐poor communities under controlled environmental conditions, limiting our ability to generalize this relationship across heterogeneous landscapes. Using the community of naturally occurring ground beetles in cabbage fields, we examined how landscape composition (percent cropland) influences the size structure (mean, variance, and skewness of body size distribution) of predator communities and the subsequent effects on pest control. We found that predator communities shifted their size distribution toward larger body sizes in agriculturally dominated landscapes. This pattern arose from increasing numerical dominance of a few large‐bodied species rather than an aggregated response across the community. Such landscape‐driven changes in community size structure led to concomitant impacts on pest control, as the mean body size of predators was positively related to predation rates. Notably, the magnitude of pest control depended not only on the size of the dominant predators but was also strongly determined by the relative proportion of small vs. large‐bodied species (i.e., skewness). Predation rates were higher in predator assemblages with even representation of small and large‐bodied species relative to communities dominated by either large or small‐bodied predators. Landscape composition may therefore modulate the relationship between predator body size and pest control by influencing the body size distribution of co‐occurring species. Our study highlights the need to consider agricultural practices that not only boost effective predators, but also sustain a predator assemblage with a diverse set of traits to maximize overall pest control.
Nitrogen cycling in pastoral livestock systems in Sub‐Saharan Africa: knowns and unknowns
Authors: Carbonell Victoria , Merbold Lutz , Díaz‐Pinés Eugenio , Dowling Thomas P. F. , Butterbach‐Bahl Klaus 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPastoral systems are the dominant livestock production system in arid and semiarid regions of sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). They are often the only form of agriculture that can be practiced due to unfavorable climate and soil fertility levels that prevent crop cultivation. Pastoralism can have negative impacts on the environment, including land degradation, greenhouse gas emissions and other gases to the atmosphere, soil erosion, water pollution and biodiversity loss. Here, we review the current knowledge on nitrogen (N) cycling, storage, and loss pathways, with an emphasis on identification of N emission hotspots. Our review reports a large uncertainty in the amount of N lost as ammonia from excreta and manure storage, as well as N losses via nitrate and DON leaching. We also found that another major N loss pathway (18%), soil N2 emissions, has not yet been measured. In order to summarize the available information, we use a virtual pastoral farm, with characteristics and management practices obtained from a real farm, Kapiti Research Station in Kenya. For outlining N flows at this virtual farm, we used published data, data from global studies, satellite imagery and geographic information system (GIS) tools. Our results show that N inputs in pastoral systems are dominated by atmospheric N deposition (˜80%), while inputs due to biological nitrogen fixation seems to play a smaller role. A major N loss pathway is nitrogen leaching (nitrate > DON) from pastures (33%). Cattle enclosures (bomas), where animals are kept during night, represent N emissions hotspots, representing 16% of the total N losses from the system. N losses via ammonia volatilization and N2O were four and three orders of magnitude higher from bomas than from the pasture, respectively. Based on our results, we further identify future research requirements and highlight the urgent need for experimental data collection to quantify nitrogen losses from manure in animal congregation areas. Such information is needed to improve our understanding on N cycling in pastoral systems in semiarid regions and to provide practical recommendations for managers that can help with decision‐making on management strategies in pastoral systems in semiarid savannas.
Epigenetic effects of parasites and pesticides on captive and wild nestling birds
Authors: McNew Sabrina M. , Boquete M. Teresa , Espinoza‐Ulloa Sebastian , Andres Jose A. , Wagemaker Niels C. A. M. , Knutie Sarah A. , Richards Christina L. , Clayton Dale H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAnthropogenic changes to the environment challenge animal populations to adapt to new conditions and unique threats. While the study of adaptation has focused on genetic variation, epigenetic mechanisms may also be important. DNA methylation is sensitive to environmental stressors, such as parasites and pesticides, which may affect gene expression and phenotype. We studied the effects of an invasive ectoparasite, Philornis downsi, on DNA methylation of Galápagos mockingbirds (Mimus parvulus). We used the insecticide permethrin to manipulate P. downsi presence in nests of free‐living mockingbirds and tested for effects of parasitism on nestling mockingbirds using epiGBS, a reduced‐representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) approach. To distinguish the confounding effects of insecticide exposure, we conducted a matching experiment exposing captive nestling zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) to permethrin. We used zebra finches because they were the closest model organism to mockingbirds that we could breed in controlled conditions. We identified a limited number of differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) in parasitized versus nonparasitized mockingbirds, but the number was not more than expected by chance. In contrast, we saw clear effects of permethrin on methylation in captive zebra finches. DMCs in zebra finches paralleled documented effects of permethrin exposure on vertebrate cellular signaling and endocrine function. Our results from captive birds indicate a role for epigenetic processes in mediating sublethal nontarget effects of pyrethroid exposure in vertebrates. Environmental conditions in the field were more variable than the laboratory, which may have made effects of both parasitism and permethrin harder to detect in mockingbirds. RRBS approaches such as epiGBS may be a cost‐effective way to characterize genome‐wide methylation profiles. However, our results indicate that ecological epigenetic studies in natural populations should consider the number of cytosines interrogated and the depth of sequencing in order to have adequate power to detect small and variable effects.
Combined associations of obesity and metabolic health with subclinical left ventricular dysfunctions: Danyang study
Authors: Wang Ye , Liang Junya , Zheng Shasha , He Anxia , Chen Chao , Zhao Xixuan , Hua Mulian , Xu Junyao , Zheng Ziwen , Liu Ming 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsThe association of strictly defined metabolic healthy obese (MHO) with subclinical cardiac function was unclear. Our study aims to examine the role of MHO in subclinical cardiac dysfunction in a Chinese population.Methods and resultsThe study subjects were recruited from Danyang from 2017 to 2019. Obesity was defined by body mass index (BMI) categories (normal weight, overweight and obesity). Metabolic health was strictly defined as having neither any of the guidelines recommended metabolic syndrome components nor insulin resistance. Thus, subjects were grouped by BMI categories and metabolic health status as six groups. Preclinical systolic (global longitudinal strain [GLS]) and diastolic function were assessed by 2D speckle tracking, and transmitral and tissue Doppler imaging, respectively. The 2757 participants (mean age ± standard deviation, 52.7 ± 11.7 years) included 1613 (58.5%) women, 999 (36.2%) obese, 2080 (75.4%) metabolically unhealthy and 93 (3.4%) MHO participants. After adjustment for covariates, the trend was similar for left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (Ptrend ≥ 0.07) but significantly worse for GLS, e′ and E/e′ (Ptrend ≤ 0.02) across the six groups or passing from normal weight to obese individuals irrespective of metabolic status. MHO participants had lower GLS (20.4 vs. 21.4%) and e′ (9.6 vs. 10.6 cm/s) compared with controls (P < 0.0001) but had similar GLS (P = 0.47) compared with metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). Regardless of obesity status, metabolically unhealthy participants had worse diastolic function compared with their metabolically healthy counterparts (P ≤ 0.0004). Compared with controls, MHO individuals were at higher risk of subclinical LV systolic dysfunction (OR = 3.44, 95% CI = 1.25–9.49, P = 0.02). These results were robust to sensitivity analysis.ConclusionsMHO was substantially associated with worse subclinical systolic function although early diastolic dysfunction seemed to be more accentuated in MUO.