bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Oral Nicorandil Intake on Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury in Diabetic Patients with Renal dysfunction Undergoing Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Rabea Mahmoud , Salem Ashraf , Shehata Mohamed , Adel Walaa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Nicorandil is a nicotinamide ester commonly prescribed for treatment of patients with chronic coronary syndrome, there is an ongoing controversy about its effectiveness in prevention of contrast induced acute kidney injury.

Aim of the Work
The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of pretreatment with oral nicorandil 40 mg/day on the incidence of contrast-induced acute kidney injury in type II diabetic patients with renal dysfunction (mild- moderate CKD) undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention.

Patients and Methods
This prospective, randomized, controlled study included 100 consecutive diabetic patients, carrying the diagnosis of chronic coronary syndrome and suffering from mild or moderate CKD, their age ranged between 39 and 81 years. They were referred to the catheterization laboratory for planned PCI in the period between January 2018 and August 2018. Mild-to-moderate CKD was defined by means of estimated glomerular filtration rate (e GFR) of 30 to &lt; 90 mL/min/1.73 m.. Results There was statistically significant increase in control group in comparison to nicorandil group regarding serum creatinine 72 hours after the procedure(p &lt; 0.05), the incidence of contrast induced acute kidney injury was 12% (6/50) in the nicorandil group vs. 24% (12/50) in the control group.

Conclusion
Nicorandil dose of 40 mg per day for 7 days before PCI, And for 48 hours after PCI is associated with decreased incidence of CI- AKI in diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease compared to the conventional treatment.

Abbreviations
CI-AKI: contrast induced acute idney injury; PCI: percutaneous coronary angiography; CKD: chronic kidney disease; GFR: glomerular filtration rate; CAD: Coronary artery disease.
Impact of the Severity of Mitral Stenosis on the LV Systolic function as assessed by 2D Strain using Speckle tracking
Authors: Adel Mohamed , Mosa Tarek K , Yehia Ahmed , Shawqi Ahmed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Rheumatic heart disease remains a considerable cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in developing countries and mitral stenosis is the most common valve affection of rheumatic heart disease worldwide.The left ventricular ejection fraction is the most widely used index of contractile function, but due to the visual component, assessment of endocardial excursion is subjective leading to inter-observer variability.Speckle-tracking echocardiography is an imaging technique developed as a method to objectively quantify myocardial function and analyzes cardiac motion and deformation by tracking naturally occurring speckle patterns in the myocardium.

Objective
To evaluate the effect of the severity of mitral stenosis on LV systolic function as assessed by speckle tracking.

Patients and Methods
This study was a case-control study involving 80 individuals which included 60 patients having mitral stenosis who presented to the outpatient clinics of Ain Shams University Hospitals and 20 healthy volunteers, The patients suffering from mitral stenosis were subdivided into 3 sub-groups: GROUP(1) 20 Patients having severe mitral stenosis (MV Area less than 1 cm²) GROUP (2) 20 Patients having moderate mitral stenosis (MV Area more than 1 cm² and less than 1.5 cm²) GROUP(3) 20 Patients having mild mitral stenosis (MV Area more than 1.5 cm²) A Control group involved 20 healthy volunteers recruited from health care workers in Ain Shams University hospitals.

Results
Study included 60 patients,16 males (26.7%) and 44 females (73.3%), with mean age of 41.30 ± 8.64 years. Patients living in rural Areas were 34 (57.7%) while those in urban areas were 26 (43.3%).Which was significant.There was no significant difference between gender or habitat and the severity of mitral Stenosis.There was a strong significance between the duration of the disease and its severity. The more the duration of mitral Stenosis, the more severe the mitral stenosis.A strong positive relation was noticed between the severity of mitral stenosis and both RVSP and LA diameter, while a strong negative relation between severity of mitral stenosis and GLPS. GLPS was affected in severe mitral stenosis only.

Conclusion
Subtle LV systolic dysfunction is present in large number of patients with severe mitral stenosis even in patients with normal ejection fraction by conventional 2D echocardiography.There was a significant relationship between the duration of mitral stenosis and its severity. The longer the duration of mitral stenosis, the more severe the mitral stenosis.Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) can play a great role in identification of higher risk subgroups in whom earlier and more aggressive intervention could have a significant impact on their prognosis.
Short and intermediate term outcome post right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit surgery
Authors: Hegab Mohammed Abdullah Mohammed Mustafa , Mohammed Amr Mansour , Elrazek Ismail Yasmine Abd , Roshdy Alaa Mahmoud 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Surgery for congenital heart disease has progressed by leaps and bounds in the last few decades, but the right ventricular outflow tract continues to pose a challenge to the congenital heart surgeon.

Objective
To describe short and intermediate term outcome in congenital heart disease patients undergoing surgical repair using right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduits.

Patients and Methods
Our study included 33 patients that were operated upon by putting a conduit between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery in a single center (Al Agouza police hospital) between 2015 and 2019.

Results
This study was done in order to follow up patients who underwent surgery for conduit placement between the right ventricle (RV) and the pulmonary artery (PA), to observe the reintervention rates and to determine the most important determinants of re-operation. 33 patients were included in this study, with age range 1.5-17 years and mean age of 8.29 +/- 4.7 years. The mean age at placement of the first conduit was 3.57 +/- 3.18 years. The youngest patient at time of conduit placement for the first time was 0.2 years old and the oldest had 12.5 years.

Conclusion
The use of conduits to treat the RV to PA discontinuity is a cornerstone in the treatment of some congenital heart diseases requiring construction of the right ventricle outflow tract (RVOT). Nevertheless, conduit failure and replacement is inevitable, and depends on many factors: as age at first operation, type of conduit, mean and peak pressure gradient across the conduit. The higher the age at first conduit, the bigger the event / re-intervention free survival period.
The Role of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Assessment of Myocardial Contractile Function After Exercise Training Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Program in Anterior ST-Elevated Myocardial Infarction Patients Treated with Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Hasan Rana Lateef , Ibrahim Mohamed Ayman Abdel Wahab Saleh Ahmed Samir , Elshazly Hazem Reda Khorshid Ahmed Mohamed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Back ground
Regular exercise training program has been shown to reduce mortality, improve functional capacity and control risk factors in myocardial infarcted patients. Wall motion score index (WMSI) is a strong independent mortality predicator in patient with previous MI

AIM
The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of exercise training on regional left ventricular systolic function, in patients post anterior myocardial infarction. using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging

Methods
We recruited twenty-six adult patients on optimal medical therapy one month after an anterior myocardial infarction underwent successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were assigned to a three-month exercise training program group or to a control group, (control group: n = 10, training group: n = 16). Symptom limited treadmill exercise (Modified Bruce Protocol) test was done to exercise training group before and repeated after finishing the CR program. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) was performed for all patients 4 weeks after PCI and was repeated after completion of the study period that was lasted for 12 weeks.

Results
A total number of patients, included 26 (100%) males, assigned to control group n:10 without an exercise mean age 50± 8 years, weigh 84 ±17 kg, height 175±7.7 cm and EF was 36.62 ±14.23 and to training group n:16 with 3-months exercise training program, the mean age, weight, height and EF were 50.19±8.68 years, 82.69±16 kg, 172.81±7.74 cm, 36.62±14.32% respectively While there was significant improvement in EF (P &lt; 0.0008), WMSI (P &lt; 0.00003) without significant change in LVESV and LVEDV in exercise training group, there was no significant change in EF, WMSI, LVESV and LVEDV in control group.

Conclusion
CMR revealed that exercise training in post-myocardial infarction patients could have beneficial effects on LV global and regional function without adversely affecting LV remodeling or causing serious cardiac complications with significant improvement in exercise capacity after 3 months of exercise training program.
Comparison between preoperative loading dose with Ticagrelor and Clopidogrel on myocardial perfusion during intervention in patients with STsegment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Sallam T , Fakhry E , El Mahmoudy A , El Etriby A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aim and Objectives
The aim of this study is to compare between clopidogrel and ticagrelor loading doses used prior to primary PCI in patients presenting with acute STEMI (ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction) on myocardial perfusion and in-hospital MACE (major adverse cardiac events).

Patients and Methods
The study included 170 patients who presented with acute STEMI to the cardiology department of Ain Shams university hospitals and underwent primary PCI. They were divided into 2 groups where the1st group 85 patients received clopidogrel loading dose (600mg) and the 2nd group 85 patients received ticagrelor loading dose (180mg). Post interventional thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade and myocardial blush grade (MBG) were recorded.

Results
The majority of patients in both groups had the LAD as the culprit vessel for their presentation (71.8% in the clopidogrel group and 50.6% in ticagrelor group). In the clopidogrel group there were 4 patients with TIMI I flow and MBG I, 13 with TIMI II flow and MBG II and 68 with TIMI III flow and MBG III. Meanwhile in the ticagrelor group there was 2 patients with TIMI I flow and MBG I, s with TIMI II flow and MBG II and 81 with TIMI III flow and MBG III. There was no statistical significance between the two groups regarding in-hospital death of all causes and stroke after primary PCI.

Conclusion
Ticagrelor loading before primary PCI resulted in improved TIMI flow, MBG but did not decrease incidence of in-hospital MACE.
Impact of high doses of Statins on testosterone level in males with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease
Authors: Ibrahim Walid Said , Farouk Mohamed Moustafa , Tawfik Mazen , Elzahwy Sherif Samir 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Concern has always existed that statins might impair testosterone production either by reducing availability of its preferred substrate, that is, locally produced de novo cholesterol in the gonads and elsewhere, or by inhibiting steps in the steroidogenesis process, but this concern has been considered of little clinical significance.

Objective
To demonstrate the impact of high doses of statins on testosterone level in ischemic heart disease patients and to compare it with the impact of low doses of statins.

Patients and Methods
This study was approved by Ain Shams University. 90 candidates were randomly enrolled in the study divided into two groups, high dose group consisting of 45 patients and Low dose group including 45 patients. All patients were recruited from International Medical Center in Cairo, they were selected randomly from the outpatient clinic from the cardiology department.

Results
In our study there were a significant reduction in total cholesterol, LDL and TGs in both low dose and high dose groups, but the effect on testosterone was quite different between them, the reduction in testosterone was about 33% from the baseline in the high dose group while in the low dose there was no significant reduction in the testosterone level.

Conclusion
This study shows that statins reduce testosterone level. This finding does not demonstrate that androgens mediate any health effect of statins, but raises the question as to whether testosterone modulation plays a role in statins' effects on health, particularly among men where testosterone is an important hormone.
Interleukin 37 Levels in Relation to Serum Vitamin D Levels Among Ain Shams University Medical Students
Authors: Mabrouk Randa Reda , Mostafa Afaf Abdelalim , Ragab Dina Aly Mohamed Aly , zaki Fouad Mohamed Fouad 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
The extraskeletal role of vitamin D is being increasingly recognized. This has important clinical implications, as vitamin D deficiency has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. Vitamin D has proposed anti-inflammatory properties as recent data suggests that low vitamin D concentrations are associated with increased levels of inflammatory markers. Interleukin-37(IL-37) is an IL1 family cytokine discovered in recent years and has 5 different isoforms. As an immunosuppressive factor, IL-37 can suppress excessive immune response .IL37 plays a role in protecting the body against endotoxin shock, ischemia reperfusion injury, autoimmune diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, IL-37 has a potential antitumor effect. IL-37 and its receptors may serve as novel targets for the study, diagnosis, and treatment of immune-related diseases and tumors.

Aim of the Work
The aim of this study is to determine the relation between the level of interleukin-37 and 25-hydroxy Vitamin D among Ain Shams University medical students.

Subjects and Methods
The study was conducted at Clinical Pathology Department, Ain Shams University Hospitals. Ninety individuals, from medical students of Ain Shams University who participated in the Nutritional Assessment of Ain Shams University Medical Students (NAMESASU) Project, were selected to be in the study. The study included 2 groups: Group I: included 45 subjects selected from the NAMES-ASU project with deficient vitamin D serum levels. Group II: included 45 subjects selected from the NAMES-ASU project with sufficient vitamin D serum levels.

Results
There was a highly significant difference between the two groups regarding vitamin D levels. Serum IL-37 levels were significantly higher in group I subjects compared to group II subjects. No significant difference was observed between group I and group II regarding BMI, BFM, PBF and hsCRP. No significant difference was observed between the two subgroups regarding IL-37 levels and hsCRP levels. A highly significant negative correlation was observed between vitamin D levels and IL-37. A significant negative correlation was observed between hsCRP and vitamin D levels. However, no correlation was observed between hsCRP and IL-37 levels.

Conclusion
Data from our study showed that present study denote that in case of vitamin D deficiency, irrespective of BMI, a subclinical state of inflammation may be present as reflected by the increased hsCRP levels and this state of inflammation might induce an increase in IL-37, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, in an attempt to reduce the inflammation.
Screening of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Sickle Cell Pediatric Patients
Authors: Kader Nouran Osama Abdel , Hamid Dalia Hosni Abdel , El-Ashry Marwa Abdel Rasoul , Makkeyah Sara Moustafa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) refers to two consecutive urine cultures growing more than 100,000 colony forming units (CFU)/ml of a bacterial species in a patient with no symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI). In sickle cell disease (SCD) patients, the anatomical and physiological defects associated with the disease make ASB more prone to worsen the sickle nephropathy and cause more kidney damage. Also, the urine concentration and acidification defects associated with SCD enhance urinary bacterial formation and proliferation. In resource poor settings where renal replacement therapy is limited, early detection and management of ASB in SCD children may retard this progression.

Aim of the Work
The current study aims to investigate the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria, its major determinants and its effect on kidney functions in SCD patients for early detection and treatment.

Patients and Methods
The study was conducted at Ain Shams University Children's Hospital and the Main Microbiology Laboratory at Clinical Pathology Department during the period between June 2019 and February 2020.The study included 30 children previously diagnosed as SCD by HB electrophoresis. A fresh voided mid-stream urine samples were collected once from all patients and subjected to urinalysis and culture on chromogenic media. Patients with positive culture results were asked to get another sample to confirm their culture results, while those with contaminated results were re-Instructed with precautions to get another fresh voided mid-stream urine samples. Only significant isolates were identified and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using disk diffusion method according to CLSI 2017. Patients were divided either into ASB or sterile urine groups according to their culture results. All SCD Patients were subjected to complete blood picture (CBC), reticulocytic count, markers of haemolysis (total, indirect bilirubin and LDH) and serum creatinine.

Results
The prevalence of confirmed ASB was 16.7% (5/30).All children in ASB group had pyuria(100%). Staph.saprophyticus (60%) (3/5)was the commonest organism isolated from the urine of these patients, followed by E.coli (20%)(1/5) & Klebsiella pnuemoniae (20%)(1/5).Sulfamethoxazole +Trimethoprim (Sutrim) was the most sensitive antibiotic among all isolated microorganisms.The difference in kidney funtion results among the two groups were statistically insignificant.

Conclusion
Asymptomatic bacteriuria was of high prevalence in SCD pediatric patients in Egypt at Ain Shams University Hospitals. Pyuria was the only major determinant of ASB in this study.Staph.saprophyticus was the predominant organism isolated from ASB group. Sulfamethoxazole +Trimethoprim (Sutrim) was the drug of choice for empirical treatment of UTI.
Serum creatinine was a non-sensitive marker to monitor any minor impairment in kidney functions.
Effect of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids on Semen Parameters and Serum Sex Hormonal Levels in Egyptian Male Bodybuilders
Authors: El-Naeem Sallam Mohamed Abd , Hassan Samah Ibrahim , Abdelfattah Ahmed Mohamed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
First identified in 1935, testosterone is the principal hormone controlling the development of androgenic-masculinizing effects in the male body, along with its anabolic properties that increase lean muscle mass.

Objectives
We aim at studying the influence of anabolic androgenic steroids on the semen parameters and serum sex hormonal levels in Egyptian male bodybuilders.

Patients and Methods
The type of study was cross sectional study. Study setting was conducted in Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Department, Ain Shams University Hospitals. The study included 20 male body builders using AAS as the study group and 20 body builders who exercise only and not using AAS. 20 subjects who exercise only without androgenic anabolic steroids use.

Results
In the present study, there were statistical significant differences between ASS group and control group as regard semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count, sperm agglutination and rounded cells. Bodybuilders in ASS group had significantly lower semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count; and higher liquefaction, sperm agglutination, and rounded cells.

Conclusion
AAS has a negative impact on semen quality and sex hormone levels among male bodybuilders. In the present study, AAS users exhibited significantly lower plasma testosterone levels and increase FSH and decrease LH hormone higher frequencies of abnormal semen parameters than healthy control participants. These results should provoke concern, particularly because the use of anabolic steroids by exercising men for muscle building is based on self-designed personal schemes or is suggested by a partner, by field magazines, or by trainers at the gyms. Further, large-scale, studies are still needed to confirm our findings.
Evaluation of E- cadherin and Hydrogen Peroxide in Skin of Patients with Vitiligo
Authors: Abdel-Rahim Abdallah Marwa M , Raafat Ahmed Mona Hussien , Louka Manal Louis , Gobrial Christine Kamal Thabet , Abdel-Magid Alaa Abdel-Hakim 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Vitiligo is acquired depigmentary disorder characterized by destruction of the epidermal melanocytes leading to the loss of the skin color. Oxidative stress has a major role in the aetiopathogenesis and in melanocytic destruction due to its accumulation in the melanocytes and the hazardous effects to all compartments of the cell.

Objective
The aim of the work was to evaluate the level of E-cadherin and H2O2 level in vitiligo versus controls.

Subjects
This is a case control study which was carried out at Department of
Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology,New Cairo Police Academy Hospital on 20 Subjects were divided into two groups, Group I included 10 patients having non segemental vitiligo. Group II included 10 non vitilignous controls were included in the study.

Results
We found that H2O2 level is increased in NSV patients when compared with healthy individuals. While E-cadherin level is significantly decreased in vitiligo skin compared to normal skin.

Conclusion
As compared to controls, increased H2O2 levels levels were suggestive of oxidative stress in patients of vitiligo in our study. From our results we can conclude that vitiligo is not a disease confined to melanocytes only, keratinocytes also showed certain pathological changes in vitiliginous lesions. As functional and structural units with melanocytes, keratinocytes in depigmented epidermis may constitute a different microenvironment compared to those in normally pigmented epidermis. These differences include obvious loss of cell to cell adhesion between keratinocytes and melanocytes and between keratinocytes and each other, which in turn may affect the pigmentary system of the skin.