bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of fat distribution with changes in bone outcomes in young girls
Authors: Laddu Deepika , Lee Vinson R , Blew Robert M , Going Scott B 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundChildhood obesity may impair bone growth but the relationship remains unclear.ObjectiveExamine longitudinal associations between total body fat (TBF), android fat (AF), and skeletal muscle fat (SMF) content, with bone outcomes in 260 girls aged 8–13y.MethodsPeripheral quantitative computed tomography measured changes in bone strength index (BSI, mg2/mm4), strength‐strain index (SSI, mm3) and volumetric bone density (vBMD, mg/cm3) at distal metaphyseal and diaphyseal regions of the femur (fem) and tibia (tib), and baseline calf (CMD) and thigh (TMD) muscle density (mg/cm3), an index of SMF content. Baseline TBF and AF were assessed by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry.ResultsTBF and AF were positively associated with fem BSI (r=0.193; r=0.174), tib SSI (r=0.184; r=0.142), and fem trabecular vBMD (r=0.196; r=0.203), and inversely associated with tib cortical vBMD (r= −0.146; r= −0.172). Lower CMD and TMD was associated with fem BSI (r= −0.222; r= −0.145), tib BSI (r= −0.193; r= −0.128), fem tot vBMD (r= −0.208; r= −0.168), and trabecular vBMD (fem: r= −0.263; r= −0.192, tib: r= −0.215; r= − 0.161). CMD was significantly associated with tib SSI (r= −0.141) and tot vBMD (r= −0.130). ANCOVA showed that girls in the middle thirds of TBF and AF had higher fem and tib cortical vBMD than girls with greater TBF and AF. Greater changes in fem BSI, tot fem vBMD and fem and tib trabecular vBMD were observed in the lowest vs. highest thirds of CMD and TMD. All results were significant at p<0.05.ConclusionsGains in TBF or AF may negatively impact tib bone development, while increases in CMD or TMD predict greater gains in various bone outcomes.Grant Funding Source: NIH/NICHD #HD‐050775
Relationships between body roundness with body fat and visceral adipose tissue emerging from a new geometrical model
Authors: Thomas Diana Maria , Bredlau Carl , Bosy‐Westphal Anja , Müller Manfred , Shen Wei , Gallagher Dympna , Maeda Yuna , McDougall Andrew , Peterson Courtney , Ravussin Eric , Heymsfield Steven B. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo develop a new geometrically meaningful index that combines height, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) and relate this index to total and visceral body fat.Design and MethodsSubject data were pooled from three databases that contained demographic, anthropometric, dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) measured fat mass, and magnetic resonance imaging measured visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume. Two elliptical models of the human body were developed. Body roundness was calculated from the model using eccentricity.ResultsA body roundness index (BRI) was derived to quantify the roundness of an individual's body shape in a height‐independent manner. Body roundness slightly improved predictions of % body fat and % VAT compared to the traditional metrics of body mass index (BMI), WC, or HC. On this basis, ranges of healthy body roundness were determined based on previously established age‐dependent population ranges of % body fat.ConclusionsBody roundness index, a new shape measure, is a predictor of % body fat and % VAT and can be applied as a visual tool for health status evaluations.
Activation of RelA (p65), but not of p50 dimers of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) is decreased in impaired renal function
Authors: Faustmann Gernot , Roob Johannes M. , Gruber Hans‐Jürgen , Hafner‐Giessauf Hildegard , Grabher Johanna , Tiran Beate , Winklhofer‐Roob Brigitte M. 
Published: June 2021

The NF‐κB signaling pathway plays a central role in chronic inflammation and is an important interface between inflammation and oxidative stress. The heterodimer RelA (p65) ‐ p50 is the most abundant transcription factor of the NF‐κB family. Decreased activation of RelA has been found in different pathologies. The purpose of this study of the BIOCLAIMS project was to investigate the activation of both the RelA and p50 dimers in individuals with different stages of renal function. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were collected from 362 study subjects with glomerular filtration rate (GFR, MDRD) of 18–123 mL/min/1.73 m2. Activation of NF‐κB dimers containing RelA and p50 was determined using an ELISA‐based assay (TransAM, Active Motif). Linear regression analysis showed that activation of RelA‐containing NF‐κB dimers decreased significantly with decreasing GFR (r = 0.171, P = 0.001), while activation of p50‐containing NF‐κB dimers increased significantly with decreasing GFR (r = − 0.148, P = 0.005). Antioxidant status, including plasma concentrations of vitamin C, α‐ and γ‐tocopherol and β‐carotene did not explain NF‐κB activation beyond kidney function. To our knowledge this is the first report on differential effects of impaired renal function on RelA and p50 activation. The underlying mechanisms of these findings need to be further elucidated.Grant Funding Source: Supported by European Commission, FP7, contract 244995, and Austrian Government (bmwf).
Development of model systems for analysis of effects of cell‐cell and cell‐microenvironment interactions on pH regulatory proteins in breast cancer
Authors: Andersen Anne Poder , Ronnov‐Jessen Lone , Hulikova Alzbeta , Swietach Pawel , Pedersen Stine Falsig 
Published: June 2021

When studying cancer development it is essential to employ models that recapitulate the tumor microenvironment (TME). We recently showed that truncated ErbB2 (ΔNErbB2) increases acid extrusion via the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1 and the Na+,HCO3− cotransporter NBCn1 and increases NBCn1 expression in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells. Further, NHE1 inhibition strongly sensitized ΔNErbB2‐expressing MCF‐7 cells to chemotherapy‐induced death. Here, we explore the impact of specific aspects of the TME on pH‐regulatory and survival/motility signaling. Employing MCF‐7 cells +/− inducible ΔNErbB2 expression we show that: (i) TME simulation (pHe 6.5, 1% O2, 7.5 mM lactate) strongly increases Akt‐ and ERK1/2 phosphorylation/activity; TME mimicking conditions has no additional effect on NBCn1 expression but further increases ERK1/2 activity in ΔNErbB2+ cells (ii) in 2D coculture with primary human breast fibroblasts, MCF‐7 cells upregulate the lactate‐H+ cotransporter MCT1 and the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker α‐smooth muscle actin; (iii) in MCF‐7 spheroids NHE1 expression and ERM‐ and Akt (S473) phosphorylation are greatly reduced compared to 2D monoculture, and pERM and apparently also NBCn1 localize to the spheroid periphery. In conclusion, the TME profoundly impacts on pH regulatory ion transporters and survival/motility signaling in MCF‐7 breast cancer cell models.Funding: Danish Cancer Society, Danish Research Council
Fine tuning of the inflammaotry response by human deneddylase‐1/SENP8
Authors: Ehrentraut Stefan Felix , Campbell Eric L , Glover Louise E , Bowers Brittelle , Bayless Amanda J , Kelly Caleb J , Kominsky Douglas J , Colgan Sean P 
Published: June 2021

Recent work has revealed a central role for neddylation (conjugation of a Nedd8 moiety) to Cullin‐proteins in the induction of NFκB (via Cullin‐1) and HIF (via Cullin‐2). Here, we elucidate the role of the human deneddylase‐1 (also called SENP8) in inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo. Human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC‐1) and HMEC‐1 lacking SENP8 (via lentiviral knockdown) were exposed to LPS or TNF and harvested for analysis of Cullin neddylation, NFκB activation and HIF‐1α stabilization. HMEC‐1 exposure to LPS significantly induced the neddylation of Cullin‐1 and increased NFκB transactivation. These responses were lost in cells lacking SENP8. Further analysis revealed that HIF‐1α protein was stabilized by LPS exposure in wild‐type cells but not in SENP8 knockdown cells. HIF promoter activity was increased following LPS compared to untreated controls. Pharmacological targeting of neddylation (MLN4924) abrogated NF‐κB responses, induced HIF‐1α promoter activity and reduced secretion of TNF‐α‐elicited pro‐inflammatory cytokines. The neddylation inhibitor MLN4924 stabilized HIF and abrogated pro‐inflammatory responses to LPS exposure in vivo. In conclusion, SENP8 is a proximal regulator of Cullin neddylation and fine‐tunes the inflammatory response. Pharmacological inhibition of Cullin neddylation may provide a viable therapeutic opportunity.Funding: German Research Fund (EH 371/1–1), NIH grants DK50189, DK96491 and HL60569.
Cryptosporidium spp. infection in breastfeeding mothers and their HIV‐exposed or unexposed infants in a peri‐urban community in northwestern Tanzania
Authors: Pedersen Sarah H , Wilkinson Amanda L , Andreasen Aura , Kinung'hi Safari M , Urassa Mark , Mkwashapi Denna M , Todd Jim , Changalucha John , McDermid Joann M 
Published: June 2021

Globally, Cryptosporidium spp. is the most common diarrhea‐causing protozoan infection among children at health facilities. Infection may be asymptomatic or may manifest as severe, chronic diarrhea especially in malnourished or HIV‐positive individuals. Long‐term physical and cognitive impairment has been associated with infection. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. infection among mothers and children from birth to 6 months, and to understand how breastfeeding practices relate to infection. This prospective cohort of 100 mother/infant pairs was conducted at a peri‐urban health clinic in northwestern Tanzania and 38% of infants were HIV‐exposed. Feeding/health questionnaires, anthropometrics and stool samples were obtained at Month 1, 2, 3 after birth. Approximately 1/3 of mothers had evidence of Cryptosporidium spp. at each visit; while infant infections did not appear until Month 3 when 11% were positive. These results indicate that mothers and infants are living in a Cryptosporidium spp. environment; however, infants remain uninfected until at least 3 months. Infection timing may be due to maternal immunological protection provided in utero, in breast milk and/or because exclusive breastfeeding eliminates the opportunity for exposure to contaminated food or water. Our ongoing research is focused on identifying mechanisms of protection and risk.Grant Funding Source: Cornell University Unrestricted Grant
Breathlessness descriptors differ during constant load cycling in obese women with vs. without dyspnea on exertion
Authors: Bernhardt Vipa , Lorenzo Santiago , Moran Raksa B. , Bassett J. Todd , Haller Sarah F. , Pineda Jessica N. , Babb Tony G. 
Published: June 2021

During constant load exercise, some otherwise healthy obese women experience dyspnea on exertion (+DOE), while others do not (−DOE). We investigated how the subjective quality of respiratory sensations differed between these groups. 80 women were categorized based on their Ratings of Perceived Breathlessness (RPB, Borg 0–10 scale) after 6 minutes of 60 W cycling. 34 women rated RPB ≥ 4 (+DOE) (34 ± 7 yr, 36 ± 5 BMI) and 24 women rated RPB ≤ 2 (−DOE) (33 ± 8 yr, 37 ± 4 BMI). 22 women with RPB = 3 were excluded to better delineate the groups. After exercise, subjects were asked to pick three of fifteen statements that best described their respiratory sensations. Descriptor data were analyzed as frequency statistics and compared using Fisher's exact test. The top descriptors chosen by +DOE women were “Breathing is heavy” (53%, p < 0.05), ”Breathing requires work” (50%), and “Breathing requires effort” (38%); −DOE women selected “I am breathing more” (82%, p < 0.05), “Breathing is rapid” (38%), and “Breathing is shallow” (38%, p < 0.05) most often (p values depict those descriptors that were different between groups). Not only is the intensity of breathlessness significantly different between these groups, but also the qualitative aspects of their breathlessness. +DOE women may have an increased sensation of the work of breathing than − DOE women, which may be related to the elevated RPB.NIH HL096782, King Charitable Foundation Trust.
The anatomy of popliteomeniscal fascicles by dissections and MRI studies and their clinical significance
Authors: Ghosh Tamojit 
Published: June 2021

Summary of resultsPMFs or popliteomeniscal fibres attach the popliteal tendon to the lateral meniscus of the knee around its posterior horn. Popliteomeniscal fascicles (PMFs) were examined in 16 human knees by MRI scans and by arthroscopy and were found to be oriented superoposteriorly ( sPMFs) and and anteroinferiorly ( iPMFs) forming 2 distinct types of PMFs. MRI found sPMFs ( iPMFs) to be of three distinct patterns – Type 1 – attached to the superior part of the lateral meniscus as a clear band, Type 2 – unclear band of fibres much as in Type 1, Type 3 ‐ no band seen. In dissections the sPMF pass from the superomedial aspect of the popliteal tendon to the posterolateral corner of the lateral meniscus while the iPMF connect the anterior edge of the popliteal tendon to the lateral edge of the lateral meniscus. Using MRI scan orientations and grossly coordinating them with dissections, sPMF form the roof of the popliteal hiatus while the iPMFs form the floor. The popliteofibular ligament is attached more distally than the PMFs to the musculotendinous junction of the popliteal tendon and posteriorly to the head of the fibular behind the attachment of the arcuate popliteal and fabellofibular ligamentsSummary of conclusionsMost cases studied were clinical and came to orthopedic OPDs with snapping or locking of the knee as complaints. Arthroscopy and MRI scans of these knees found mostly Type 2 and Type 3 PMFs. These thus are the abnormal PMFs contributing to lateral compartment knee pain, snapping knee or locking knee scenarios. The evolution of the popliteal tendon also explains the orientations of the PMFs, popliteofibular ligament, cyamella (popliteal sesamoid) and the arcuate and fabellopopliteal ligamentsGrant Funding Source: Ministry of Health
Comparison of the effects of Chemical Composition, Processing and Food Form on the Satiety of Barley
Authors: Aldughpassi Ahmed , Wolever Thomas , Elsayed Abdelaal 
Published: June 2021

Low glycemic index (GI) diets have been promoted for weight maintenance due to their effect on satiety. Barley, a low‐GI cereal has been suggested as a satiety inducing food. Recently a number of barley cultivars have been developed for consumer uses and it has been shown that differences in chemical composition, food processing and food‐form affect glycemic responses, but the effect on satiety is not known. To investigate these factors nine cultivars varying in the nature of starch and β‐glucan were studied in two experiments in separate groups of 10 subjects. Satiety was measured by visual analog scales over two hours, satiety area under curve (AUC) and satiety index (SI) were calculated. Experiment 1: seven cultivars were tested with one undergoing four levels of pearling ranging from Whole Grain (WG) to White Pearled (WP). There were no differences in satiety AUC among cultivars or compared to white bread (WB) (AUC WB = 4774 ± 478 mm vs. AUC highest cultivar = 7518 ± 564 mm, P = 0.45) nor differences in SI (P = 0.77). Similarly pearling did not have an effect on satiety (P = 0.99). Experiment 2: WG and WP of 2 cultivars varying in total fiber were made into wet pasta. Compared to WB, high fiber barley pasta had a higher satiety AUC (P = 0.007) but not the low fiber barley pasta (P = 0.33). In conclusion, Food form may affect satiety; however these results do not support the hypothesis that inducing satiety is part of glycemic‐index mechanism.Grant Funding Source: CHIR
Association of Apop gene polymorphism with obesity related phenotypes in Japanese population
Authors: Okuno kumiko , Tsuji Kumiko , Yasuda Osamu , Masaki Shiho , Tanino Norikazu , Katsuya Tomohiro , Akasaka Hiroshi , Rakugi Hiromi , Fukuo Keisuke 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundPrevious gene polymorphism studies have suggested that proteins modulating mitochondrial function are implicated as diabetogenic candidates. Here, we show that the gene polymorphism of apoptogenic protein (Apop), a novel mitochondrial protein which nuclear‐encoded gene was up‐regulated in atherosclerotic lesions (J Biol Chem. 2006;281(33):23899–907), is associated with phenotypes related with obesity in Japanese population.Methods1,517 Japanese subjects (60.8% women) were genotyped using TaqMan PCR method for the rs12889403 SNP in the Apop gene. We measured anthropometric indexes such as blood pressure, waist circumference and BMI in these subjects and the association between the rs12889403 SNP and these measurements was analyzed in the cross‐sectional analysis.ResultsWe found that subjects with carriers of the T allele had significantly higher BMI (p=0.004), waist circumference (p=0.016) and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.020) compared with subjects with non‐T carriers. Additionally, subjects with the T allele younger than 65 years‐old had significantly higher serum insulin levels (p=0.040) as well as BMI (<0.001) and waist circumference (p=0.020) compared with subjects with non‐T carriers.ConclusionsWe suggest that a SNP (rs12889403) within the Apop gene is associated with obesity‐related phenotypes in Japanese subjects.
Effects of cayenne pepper on antioxidant enzyme activity in DSS treated rats fed an atherogenic diet
Authors: Baca Kyrie Lyle , Plumlee Deva , Hong Mee Young 
Published: June 2021

There is a need in nutritional research to discover functional foods that may help to reduce the risk of chronic diseases, such as CVD, the number one cause of morbidity and mortality among all adults in the United States. We have previously shown that a cayenne pepper diet improves the lipid profile in atherogenic diet fed rats. The goal of this study is to determine the underlying mechanism of cayenne pepper on antioxidant enzyme activity in DSS treated rats fed an atherogenic diet.Forty male weanling (21 days old) Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided evenly into four groups (10/group, total N=40) in a 2 (diet) × 2 (treatment) factorial design using an atherogenic diet with or without cayenne pepper (2.9%) for 30 days, and with or without 3% Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) inflammation inducing agent for 24 hours. Cayenne pepper‐fed rats had significantly increased serum Superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P<0.001), CAT (P=0.034), GST (P<0.001), and GPX (P<0.001) activities. Total antioxidant capacity was greater in cayenne pepper groups (P=0.011). These findings support the use of cayenne pepper in increasing antioxidant enzyme activity to reduce the risk factors of CVD and associated comorbidities.Supported by SDSU UGP and NUTR 302L class.
Development of a multimodal technology‐based coaching program for use in the GOG national diet and activity trial of ovarian cancer survivors
Authors: Marshel Larissa J. , Crane Tracy E. , Scott‐Fleming Colin A , Merchant Nirav C , Alberts David S , Thomson Cynthia A 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundAn estimated 22,420 women are diagnosed with ovarian cancer in the U.S. annually; survival after diagnosis is poor. Epidemiological association studies suggest that a plant‐rich, low‐fat diet and moderate physical activity may enhance survival. Previously, telephone‐based interventions have proven successful for health behavior change in breast cancer survivors. Efforts to design similar platforms with expanded technological approaches are needed to target cancer survivors.MethodsA web‐based coaching and coordinating platform was developed for the trial to facilitate telephone‐based coaching for 1,070 participants and communication with their respective clinic sites (n=133+ nationally).ResultsThe program uses Drupal software and interface with Twilio, email and forums. In addition to coaching capacity, the software hosts videos, call scheduling, coaching reference material access, and web‐forms. An estimated 400 participants are expected to enroll annually; survivors will complete a 24 month period of trial participation.ConclusionsThe LIvES web‐based coaching intervention represents a novel product for delivery and case management of a large‐scale technology based behavioral intervention.Funding:GOG, NOCC, Up the Volume and the U of A Canyon Ranch Center for Prevention & Health Promotion
Improvement of p‐cymene antinociceptive effect by inclusion in beta‐cyclodextrin
Authors: Junior Lucindo Jose Quintans , Quintans Jullyana SS , Menezes Paula P , Santos Marcio RV , Bonjardim Leonardo R , Araujo Adriano AS 
Published: June 2021

We demonstrate analgesic‐like property of p‐cymene (PC), a monoterpene. However, short half‐life is a limitation for PC application. Several approaches have been used to improve monoterpenes pharmaceutical properties, including the employment of drug‐delivery systems. Here we used p‐cymene/β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) complex and p‐cymene (PC) isolated to evaluated if the complex formulation is able to improve the antinociceptive activity of this monoterpene. Experimental protocols were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee at UFS/Brazil (CEPA#19/11). Male mice (26–30g) were pretreated with PC/β‐CD (40 mg/kg, p.o.), PC (40 mg/kg, p.o.) or vehicle (distilled water), 0.5h before acetic acid induced abdominal writhing test and antinociceptive effect was evaluated at time: 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 h after treatment. We evaluated analgesic‐like effect of PC/β‐CD and PC in hot‐plate test at the same time of writhing test. The data were analyzed by ANOVA (two‐way) followed by Tukey's test (p<0.05). Our results demonstrated that acute treatment with complex PC/β‐CD produced an antinocicepitve effect (p<0.01 or p<0.001) for 8 h followed while isolated PC produced same effect for 2h. Similar results was obtained in hot‐plate test, PC/β‐CD, all doses, significantly reduces (p<0.01 or p<0.001) nociceptive behavior for 8 h while isolated PC for 1h, only higher dose. Such results were unlikely to be provoked by motor abnormality. Our results provide evidence to propose that complex with β‐CD improved analgesic effect of p‐cymene.Financial support:FAPITEC/SE/Brazil and CNPq/Brazil.
Dissociation of vascular and natriuretic Ang1–7 actions in AngII hypertensive and normotensive rats
Authors: Kuczeriszka Marta , Prieto Minolfa C , Kompanowska‐Jezierska Elzbieta , Navar L Gabriel 
Published: June 2021

Studies in models of Angiotensin II‐dependent hypertension have shown that kidney medullary ACE2 activity and Ang1–7 levels are reduced, suggesting there are reduced compensatory vasodilator and natriuretic Ang1–7 effects available to counterbalance the hypertension and reduced sodium excretion. To assess the possible contribution of the reduced Ang1–7 levels, Ang1–7 was administered i.v. to anaesthetized normal and chronic AngII‐infused rats (80ng/min) at doses estimated to re‐establish Ang1–7 levels. Ang1–7(110fmol/min)led to small but significant increases in arterial pressure in both groups(114±3 to 123±5 and 140±5 to 149±5 mmHg), and to decreases in total renal blood flow (7.5±0.9 to 6.4±1 and 9.5 ±1.3 to 8.4±1 ml/min, p<0.05), medullary blood flow decreased only in control rats (124±22 to 113±19 PU, p<0.05). Acute Ang1–7 infusions also caused significant increases in urine flow (5.1±1.1 to 10±1.6 and 5.2±0.9 to 15.6±9 μl/min) and sodium excretion (0.05±0.03 to 0.96±0.35 and 0.04±0.02 to 0.42±0.14 μmol/min) in both groups indicating a dissociation between the hemodynamic and excretory effects and supporting a direct action of Ang1–7 to inhibit tubular sodium reabsorption to the same extent in the normotensive and hypertensive rats.Supported by Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education and the Tulane COBRE P20RR17659