bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enantioselective Synthesis of Isoflavanones and Pterocarpans through a RuII‐Catalyzed ATH‐DKR of Isoflavones
Authors: Gaspar Francisco V. , Caleffi Guilherme S. , Costa‐Júnior Paulo C. T. , Costa Paulo R. R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNoyori‐Ikariya RuII complexes promoted the one‐pot C=C/C=O bonds reduction of isoflavones using sodium formate as the hydrogen source through Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation‐Dynamic Kinetic Resolution (ATH‐DKR). Due to the neutral conditions employed, isoflavones with different substituents at the 2’‐position of B‐ring (H, OH, OMe and Br) were successfully reduced. Ten cis‐3‐phenylchroman‐4‐ols were selectively obtained (>20 : 1 dr) in good yields (up to 86 %) and excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99 : 1 er). The synthetic applications of these chiral compounds were also demonstrated. Enantioenriched isoflavanones were obtained under mild metal‐free oxidation of the cis‐3‐phenylchroman‐4‐ols while pterocarpans were synthesized by two strategies: an acid‐catalyzed cyclization and a novel approach based on a Pd‐catalyzed C−O intramolecular cross‐coupling reaction.
Synthesis of ω‐Muricholic Acid by One‐Pot Enzymatic Mitsunobu Inversion using Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases
Authors: Bertuletti Susanna , Ferrandi Erica Elisa , Monti Daniela , Fronza Giovanni , Bassanini Ivan , Riva Sergio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe biocatalyzed conversion of hyocholic acid (3α,6α,7α‐trihydroxy‐5β‐cholan‐24‐oic acid) into ω‐muricholic acid (3α,6α,7β‐trihydroxy‐5β‐cholan‐24‐oic acid) has been obtained exploiting a small library of 7α‐ and 7β‐HSDHs (hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases). The process has been optimized and performed avoiding the isolation of the 7‐oxo intermediate using the appropriate coupled enzymes for the in situ cofactor regeneration. Moreover, the biocatalyzed reduction of 6,7‐dioxolithocholic acid (3α‐hydroxy‐6,7‐dioxo‐5β‐cholan‐24‐oic acid) was also investigated.
An Efficient Approach for the Synthesis of Pd Nanoparticles via Modifying Al2O3 with Cellulose and Its Application for CO Oxidation
Authors: Li Bing , Wang Qiaoying , Zhu Jiaming , Yang Gang , Liu Hualiang , Zhang Qing , Weng Weizheng , Wan Huilin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPd nanoparticles were generated over Al2O3 modified by cellulose allowing a facile crystallization and used for CO oxidation. Smaller particles were prone to be formed over the support with the assistance of cellulose. The enhanced catalytic activity could be ascribed to the positive interaction between Pd particles and the modulated support.
Recent Progresses in Engineering of Ni and Co based Phosphides for Effective Electrocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Kumaravel Sangeetha , Karthick Kannimuthu , Sam Sankar Selvasundarasekar , Karmakar Arun , Madhu Ragunath , Bera Krishnendu , Kundu Subrata 
Published: September 2021

AbstractProducing pure hydrogen (H2) is presumably an alternative way for replacing the fossil fuels. Since the last few decades finding alternatives for state‐of‐the‐art catalysts such as IrO2 and RuO2 for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and platinum for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has been a major challenge in the field of water electrolysis. To replace such precious metals, many efforts have been made to develop transition metal based bifunctional catalyst for alkaline water electrolysis. Among them, transition metal phosphides (TMPs) show superior activity in both OER and HER with varying pH conditions. Moreover, the different phases of phosphides, P‐rich or P deficient metal composites (Ni/Co−P) offer a great opportunity in total water splitting (TWS) applications. There is no detailed review in the literature outlining the possible combinations, synthesis methods and morphologies of Ni and Co based phosphides. Based on the above shortage about TMPs as a bi‐functional catalyst for water electrolysis, this review summarizes the activity and stability Ni and Co phosphides. Furthermore, the review highlights monometallic phosphides such as NiP and CoP, bi‐metallic phosphides such as NiCoP, and the synergistic effect of doping Fe into NiP/CoP or Fe ‐NiCoP systems while detailing their preparation methods. Overall, this review extends the role of designing Ni and Co phosphides for efficient large scale electrocatalysis of hydrogen production.
Die Bedeutung der Lieferkette für den Klimafußabdruck von Unternehmen
Authors: Schmidt Mario , Nill Moritz , Scholz Johannes 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBei der Klimabilanz von Staaten, aber auch von Unternehmen, liefert der Einsatz von Gütern, die von außen kommen, einen beträchtlichen Beitrag. Für Unternehmen ist die Erfassung dieser Treibhausgas‐Emissionen schwierig, da sie in der Lieferkette erfolgen, die meistens nur bis zum ersten Lieferanten verfolgt werden kann. Mit Methoden der Input‐Output‐Analyse können die Emissionen in Lieferketten abgeschätzt werden. Sie liefern Anhaltspunkte für die Herkunft der Emissionen nach Ländern und Wirtschaftszweigen bzw. Produktgruppen. Mit rekursiven Methoden in der Lieferkette können diese Berechnungen kontinuierlich verbessert werden.
Evaluation and consistency calibration of hyperspectral imaging system based on liquid crystal tunable filter for fabric color measurement
Authors: Zhang Jianxin , Liu Yue , Zhang Xinen , Hu Xudong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Hyperspectral Imaging System can obtain the spectral response value of each pixel in a fabric sample image while being applied to fabric color measurement. Compared with the common grating Hyperspectral Imaging System, the Hyperspectral Imaging System based on Liquid Crystal Tunable Filter (LCTF) has the advantages of small size, high spatial resolution, and easy integration, which has potential application prospects in textile industry. In this article, the performance of the LCTF Hyperspectral Imaging System for fabric color measurement was evaluated, and an improved model for calibrating the consistency between it and Datacolor 650 was proposed. First, the 210 Pantone cotton color cards were used as samples to study the color repeatability and reproducibility of the LCTF Hyperspectral Imaging System. For evaluation its color measurement ability, the measured reflectance values were converted to the CIELAB color space and compared with those of Datacolor 650. Then, a Radial Basis Function neural network model was proposed to calibrate the color consistency between LCTF Hyperspectral Imaging System and Datacolor 650 which can fully use the reflectance information of the whole band instead of only adjacent wavelengths. Experimental results show that the LCTF Hyperspectral Imaging System can accurately measure the fabric color with good repeatability and reproducibility, and the consistency between the two instruments was significantly improved based on the Radial Basis Function neural network model compared with the R model.
A survey on parallel computing for traditional computer vision
Authors: Jaiswal Deepak , Kumar Praveen 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe applications of computer vision (CV) are continuously increasing along with the enormous demand for real‐time data processing. This visual data processing is done with various compute‐intensive image/video processing algorithms that may belong to traditional approaches or deep learning approaches. This article aims to provide a survey of state‐of‐the‐art hardware platforms and software frameworks for parallel implementation of traditional CV applications. The article discusses various options for hardware platforms for centralized‐computing architecture and edge‐computing architecture, and various software frameworks that can be used to leverage the hardware. This discussion is based on a systematic survey of studies/works that show the use of various hardware platforms and software frameworks in order to achieve real‐time processing for CV algorithms. Based on the survey, some possible future directions are also discussed.
NDEx: Accessing Network Models and Streamlining Network Biology Workflows
Authors: Pillich Rudolf T. , Chen Jing , Churas Christopher , Liu Sophie , Ono Keiichiro , Otasek David , Pratt Dexter 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNDEx, the Network Data Exchange (https://www.ndexbio.org) is a web‐based resource where users can find, store, share and publish network models of any type and size. NDEx is integrated with Cytoscape, the widely used desktop application for network analysis and visualization. NDEx and Cytoscape are the pillars of the Cytoscape Ecosystem, a diverse environment of resources, tools, applications and services for network biology workflows. In this article, we introduce researchers to NDEx and highlight how it can simplify common tasks in network biology workflows as well as streamline publication and access to data. Finally, we show how NDEx can be used programmatically via Python with the ‘ndex2’ client library, and point readers to additional examples for other popular programming languages such as JavaScript and R. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Getting started with NDExBasic Protocol 2: Using NDEx and Cytoscape in a publication‐oriented workflowBasic Protocol 3: Manipulating networks in NDEx via Python
Crosslinking Nanoarchitectonics of Nitrogen‐doped Carbon/MoS2 Nanosheets/Ti3C2Tx MXene Hybrids for Highly Reversible Sodium Storage
Authors: Li Jiabao , Tang Shaocong , Li Ziqian , Wang Chengyin , Li Jinliang , Li Xiaodan , Ding Zibiao , Pan Likun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlthough it is a promising sodium storage material due to its excellent electrochemical activity, small bandgap, and large interlayer spacing, layered molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) suffers from poor rate capability and degraded cycling life, resulting from its serious aggregation upon preparation, sluggish reaction kinetics, and structure expansion during cycling. To address these issues, a polyethyleneimine (PEI)‐assisted fabrication approach was developed for the rational synthesis of an interconnected framework with nitrogen‐doped carbon‐confined MoS2 nanosheets/Ti3C2Tx MXene (MoS2/Ti3C2Tx@NC), where the PEI could guide the uniform growth of MoS2 on Ti3C2Tx and the self‐generated NC simultaneously enhanced its synergistic coupling with MoS2/Ti3C2Tx, thus contributing to the improvement of charge transfer, diffusion kinetics, and structural integrity of the hybrid electrode. Consequently, the desired MoS2/Ti3C2Tx@NC delivered impressive sodium storage performance, demonstrating high reversible capacities of 397.3 and 206.8 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 100 cycles and 0.5 A g−1 after 500 cycles, respectively. Moreover, electrochemical kinetics analysis and charge storage mechanism manifested that high capacitive contribution, facilitated Na+ transport pathways, and synergistic electronic coupling between MoS2/Ti3C2Tx and NC contributed to the superior sodium storage performance.
Optimal selection based K‐mean clustering technique to improve the energy efficiency in cognitive radio networks for 6G applications
Authors: Rajavel S. Esakki , Aruna T. , Rajakumar G. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe main objective of the cognitive radio sensor network (CRSN) is to minimize the energy consumption in channel sensing and switching when sensor nodes sense and switch to a licensed channel for improving the energy efficiency for 6G applications. The drawback in CRSN is that the sensor network uses a higher amount of energy by intrabunch and interbunch of data emission energetic medium ingression assignment problem when the sensor nodes sense the channel. In this brief, a K‐mean clustering technique (KMCT) is proposed for CRSN to minimize the energy used by the sensor nodes in CRSN for 6G applications. The KMCT‐based joint power medium ingression technique (JPMIT) is introduced for enhancing the energy efficiency in a bunch of interdata emissions, and the KMCT‐based energetic medium ingression technique (EMIT) is introduced for minimizing the energy utilization in a bunch of intradata emissions. Simulation results show that the proposed KMCT for CRSN provides a better result compared with existing techniques. The performance parameters such as medium available duration, data loss rate, quantity of data, number of authorized mediums, and probability of false alarm have been analyzed using MATLAB R2012a.
Exploration of novel TOSMIC tethered imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine compounds for the development of potential antifungal drug candidate
Authors: Shukla Pratibha , Deswal Deepa , Pandit Mansi , Latha Narayanan , Mahajan Divyank , Srivastava Tapasya , Narula Anudeep Kumar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNew candidates of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine were designed by combining 2‐amino pyridine, TOSMIC and various assorted aldehydes to explore their antioxidant and antifungal potential. The design of these derivatives was based on utilizing the antifungal potential of azoles and TOSMIC moiety. These derivatives were synthesized by adopting multi‐component reaction methodology, as it serves as a rapid and efficient tool to target structurally diverse heterocyclic compounds in quantitative yield. The resulting imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine derivatives were structurally verified by 1HNMR, 13CNMR, HRMS, and HPLC. The compounds were analyzed for their antioxidant and fluorescent properties and it was observed that compound 15 depicted highest potential. The compounds were evaluated for their antifungal potential to highlight their medical application in the area of Invasive Fungal Infections (IFI). Compound 12 gave the highest antifungal inhibition against Aspergillus fumigatus 3007 and Candida albicans 3018. To elucidate the antifungal mechanism, confocal images of treated fungi were analyzed, which depicted porous nature of fungal membrane. Estimation of fungal membrane sterols by UPLC indicated decrease in ergosterol component of fungal membrane. In silico studies further corroborated with the in vitro results as docking studies depicted interaction of synthesized heterocyclic compounds with amino acids present in the active site of target enzyme (lanosterol 14 alpha demethylase). Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) analysis was indicative of drug‐likeliness of the synthesized compounds.
Neuropsychological intervention of dyslexia has a positive effect on aspects of psychological well‐being in young adults – a randomized controlled study
Authors: Nukari Johanna M. , Laasonen Marja R. , Arkkila Eva P. , Haapanen Marja‐Leena , Lipsanen Jari O. , Poutiainen Erja T. 
Published: September 2021

Effectiveness of individual‐ and group‐based neuropsychological intervention on aspects of psychological well‐being of dyslexic adults was evaluated. Dyslexic young adults (n = 120) were randomly assigned into individual intervention, group intervention or wait‐list control group. Both interventions focussed on cognitive strategy learning, supporting self‐esteem, and using psychoeducation. In group format peer support was also utilized. Cognitive and behavioural strategies, mood states, quality of life and self‐esteem were assessed via self‐report questionnaires at baseline, after the intervention/wait‐list control time at 5 months and 10 months. Results indicated that the neuropsychological interventions had a positive effect on self‐evaluated cognitive and behavioural strategies, especially in increasing success expectations and to a lesser degree in diminishing task‐avoidance and in group intervention in diminishing social pessimism. The interventions also improved cognition‐related quality of life and, to a lesser degree, self‐esteem. These results indicate that structured neuropsychological interventions can positively affect self‐evaluated psychological well‐being, especially on cognitive and behavioural strategies. Considering the secondary consequences of dyslexia, support among young adults is often needed beyond the cognitive and reading‐based challenges dyslexia poses.
An insight into molecular taxonomy of bufonids, microhylids, and dicroglossid frogs: First genetic records from Pakistan
Authors: Akram Ayesha , Rais Muhammad , Lopez‐Hervas Karem , Tarvin Rebecca D. , Saeed Muhammad , Bolnick Daniel I. , Cannatella David C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe current study was focused on documentation of amphibian assemblage in North Punjab and Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan, by using mitochondrial gene sequences of 16S rRNA. Our study entailed 37% of the known amphibian species of the country. We provided a phylogenetic analysis based on 74 newly generated mitochondrial 16S rRNAs from nine species of genus Microlyla, Duttaphrynus, Allopaa, Nanorana, Sphaerotheca, Minervarya, Hoplobatrachus, and Euphlyctis. We employed the maximum‐likelihood inference and Bayesian analysis to assess the taxonomic status of the samples obtained from Pakistan, with respect to other congeneric species from surrounding regions. Our findings confirmed the taxonomic status of South Asian anuran species Duttaphrynus stomaticus, Duttaphrynus melanostictus, Microhyla nilphamariensis, Allopaa hazarensis, Nanorana vicina, Sphaerotheca maskeyi (synonym: S. pashchima), Minervarya pierrei, Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, and Euphlyctis kalasgramensis in Pakistan. We have reported new country records of genus Minervarya (M. pierrei). Minervarya pierrei was previously misidentified as Fejervarya limnocharis, due to dearth of genetic information. We provided the first genetic records of our endemic species N. vicina. The results revealed the taxonomic placement of N. vicina with respect to its congeners and validated the taxonomic status of N. vicina from its type locality (Murree) for the first time. The findings of the present study also indicated the paraphyletic relationship of A.‐ hazarensis with Nanorana species. So, based on our phylogenetic inferences, morphological characters, and habitat preferences, validity of generic status of A. hazarensis is undecided. As our data were not enough to resolve this issue, we suggest sequencing of additional mitochondrial and nuclear genes in the future studies to get a better resolution. We recommend carrying out extensive surveys throughout the country for proper scientific documentation of amphibians of Pakistan. Many new species, some of them might be endemic to Pakistan, are expected to be discovered, and taxonomic status of other species would be resolved.
Large‐ and small‐scale geographic structures affecting genetic patterns across populations of an Alpine butterfly
Authors: Trense Daronja , Hoffmann Ary A. , Fischer Klaus 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUnderstanding factors influencing patterns of genetic diversity and the population genetic structure of species is of particular importance in the current era of global climate change and habitat loss. These factors include the evolutionary history of a species as well as heterogeneity in the environment it occupies, which in turn can change across time. Most studies investigating spatio‐temporal genetic patterns have focused on patterns across wide geographic areas rather than local variation, but the latter can nevertheless be important particularly in topographically complex areas. Here, we consider these issues in the Sooty Copper butterfly (Lycaena tityrus) from the European Alps, using genome‐wide SNPs identified through RADseq. We found strong genetic differentiation within the Alps with four genetic clusters, indicating western, central, and eastern refuges, and a strong reduction of genetic diversity from west to east. This reduction in diversity may suggest that the southwestern refuge was the largest one in comparison to other refuges. Also, the high genetic diversity in the west may result from (a) admixture of different western refuges, (b) more recent demographic changes, or (c) introgression of lowlandL. tityruspopulations. At small spatial scales, populations were structured by several landscape features and especially by high mountain ridges and large river valleys. We detected 36 outlier loci likely under altitudinal selection, including several loci related to membranes and cellular processes. We suggest that efforts to preserve alpineL. tityrusshould focus on the genetically diverse populations in the western Alps, and that the dolomite populations should be treated as genetically distinct management units, since they appear to be currently more threatened than others. This study demonstrates the usefulness of SNP‐based approaches for understanding patterns of genetic diversity, gene flow, and selection in a region that is expected to be particularly vulnerable to climate change.
A visual technique used by citizen scientists shows higher herbivory in understory vs. canopy leaves of a tropical forest
Authors: Frost Christopher J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCitizen science (CS) initiatives can transform how some ecological data are collected. Herbivory is a fundamental ecological interaction, but herbivory rates in many natural systems are unknown due in part to lack of personnel for monitoring efforts. This limits our ability to understand broad ecological patterns relevant to herbivory. Fortunately, accurate and reliable visual estimation techniques for assessing herbivory could be amenable to CS approaches. In 2008, I developed a CS training initiative (the Million Leaf Project, MLP) to measure herbivory based on a seven‐category visual assessment of leaf area removed (LAR). From 2010 to 2018, 394 citizen scientists assessed damage on 175,421 leaves to test the hypothesis that herbivory varies between understory and canopy leaves in a Peruvian tropical forest. In support of this hypothesis, the longitudinal CS data reveal that understory leaves consistently experience more herbivory than do canopy leaves on average (18.3% vs. 12.3%, P < 0.001), a difference that was consistent regardless of CS observer age. Furthermore, data integrity was high, even though younger participants showed some leaf selection bias. The MLP is based on a simple technique, intended to broaden public participation in ecological science, and applicable to any ecological system in which herbivory or leaf damage occurs.
The contributions of lightning to biomass turnover, gap formation and plant mortality in a tropical forest
Authors: Gora Evan M. , Bitzer Phillip M. , Burchfield Jeffrey C. , Gutierrez Cesar , Yanoviak Stephen P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLightning is a common source of disturbance, but its ecological effects in tropical forests are largely undescribed. Here we quantify the contributions of lightning strikes to forest turnover and plant mortality in a lowland Panamanian forest using a real‐time lightning monitoring system. We examined 2,195 lightning‐damaged trees distributed among 93 different strikes. None exhibited scars or fires. On average, each strike disturbed 451 m2(95% CI: 365–545 m2), created a canopy gap of 304 m2(95% CI 198–454 m2), and caused 7.36 Mg of woody biomass turnover (CI: 5.36–9.65 Mg). Cumulatively, we estimate that lightning strikes in this forest create canopy gaps equaling 0.39% of forest canopy area, representing 20.1% of annual gap area formation, and are responsible for 16.1% of total woody biomass turnover. Trees, lianas, herbaceous climbers and epiphytes were killed by lightning at rates 8–29 times greater than their baseline mortality rates in undamaged control sites. The likelihood of lightning‐caused death was higher for trees, lianas, and herbaceous climbers than for epiphytes, and high liana mortality suggests that lightning is an important driver of liana turnover. These results indicate that lightning influences gap dynamics, plant community composition and carbon storage capacity in some tropical forests.