bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Anxiety using Hamilton Anxiety Scale in Augmented Reality Head Mounted Display User: A Study Protocol
Authors: Bhamra Manpreet Kaur , Naqvi Waqar M. , Arora Sakshi P. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Anxiety disorders impact a large number of population all over the world, prohibiting them from undertaking everyday tasks such as driving, staying in crowded places, or dealing with strangers. The Hamilton anxiety (HAM-A) scale is the first rating Questionnaire for determining the sign anxiety symptoms. HAM-A is a 14 point scale containing a clinician-based questionnaire that has been utilized as a self-scored survey based on both physical and psychological symptoms. The components of questionnaires for analyzing the depressive or anxious symptoms are developed and tested in medical practice with great success. Virtual Reality (VR) is a computer-simulated world that allows the user to feel as they are physically present in it. Oculus rift is a VR ski-masked shaped goggle having a better and deeper understanding of the range and user experiences that will help to guide future efforts.Method: The cross-sectional observational study will be including 70 participants aged 18 to 32 from Ravi Nair College of Physiotherapy, India for the study. With intervention, the duration of analysis of the study will be of 6 months. HAM-A scale is used to evaluate the symptoms of anxiety in people before they show up on the oculus rift.Discussion: The study will evaluate the severity of anxiety before going to VR surrounding. Virtual reality devices are more popular, many studies have been undertaken on the construction and validation of interfaces, but more research is needed on anxiety before entering a virtual reality environment has been limited; specifically, There are only a few techniques that may be used to measure anxiety in a virtual reality surrounding.The Institutional Ethical Clearance reference number for this study is RNPC/IEC/2020-21/0012.
Catchment natural driving factors and prediction of baseflow index for Continental United States based on Random forest technique
Authors: Huang Shanshan , Dong Qianjin , Zhang Xu , Deng Weishan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Baseflow plays a critical role in maintaining the aquatic environmental health. However, the driving factors and predictions of baseflow have not been rigorously investigated on a large scale, partly preventing hydrologist from deeply understanding runoff generation. To this end, the Lyne–Hollick (LH) digital filter method and the automatic baseflow identification technique (ABIT) were used to estimate the long-term and seasonal baseflow index (BFI) of 619 catchments across Continental United States (CONUS) from 1981 to 2014. Six natural driving factors are selected from the 31 catchment attributes about topography and location, soil, geology, land cover, and climate characteristics. The Random Forest (RF) technique was used to predict the BFI with the selected six driving factors as predictors. Results show that the long-term average BFI was 0.49, and the BFI value was different in four seasons, with the highest value of 0.55 in winter and the lowest value of 0.46 in autumn. The forest fraction, clay proportion and snow fraction were the most powerful factors affecting the long-term average BFI. The RF technique predicts the BFI across the 619 sites in CONUS with a R2 of 0.59 after Leave-One-Location cross-validation, which was more satisfactory than the multiple linear regression method. This study can provide a deep insight into the generation and variation of baseflow and guide the annual baseflow prediction for water resources management.
Improvement of Thermally Durable Soil Material with Perlite Additive
Authors: Guneri Esra , Aksoy Yeliz Yukselen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Thermal changes affect the engineering behavior of surrounding soils at energy geostructures. For that reason, there is a need for durable soils which are not affected from high temperatures or thermal cycles. Such kind of soil mixtures can be developed by adding temperature resistant materials such as perlite to the sand-bentonite mixtures. In this study, 10% and 20% perlite additives were added to 10% and 20% sand-bentonite mixtures, in order to develop the durable soil mixture under high temperatures. Direct shear and hydraulic conductivity tests were performed under room temperature and high temperature. The results of the experiments showed that the perlite additive reduced the unit weight of the sand-bentonite mixtures and had a positive effect on the shear strength of 20B-80S mixtures both under room and high temperature. The perlite addition increased the angle of internal friction of sand-bentonite mixtures under room and high temperature especially for 20B-80S mixtures. The hydraulic conductivity (k) values of both mixtures increased with increasing temperature. As a results of thermal cycles, it was seen that the samples cannot turn back to their initial k values.
Geothermal potential, chemical characteristic and utilization of groundwater in Serbia
Authors: Pantić Tanja Petrović , Samolov Katarina Atanasković , Štrbački Jana , Tomić Milan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In order to collect and unify data about all geothermal resources in Serbia, a database is formed. The database allows us to perceive the geothermal resources of Serbia and their potential for utilization. Based on the data available in the geothermal database, the estimated temperatures of reservoirs, heat power, and geothermal energy utilization were calculated. The database contains 293 objects (springs, boreholes) registered at 160 locations with groundwater temperature in the range between 20°C and 111°C. The maximum expected temperature of the reservoir is 146°C (according to the SiO2 geothermometer). Some thermal water is cooled while mixed with cold, shallow water. Geothermal resources are mostly used for balneology and recreation, and less for heating, water supply, bottling, fish and animal farms, agriculture, and technical water. 26% of all geothermal resources is used by the local population or has not been used at all. The annual utilization of geothermal energy for direct heat is 1507 TJ/yr, and the estimated capacity of geothermal energy in Serbia is 111 MWt. The results of analytical work were presented in the form of maps with a geological and hydrogeological background. Thermal waters are mostly registrated in the area of Tertiary magmatism. The three geothermal potential areas are identified: Pannonian basin-Vojvodina Province, Mačva-Srem and area from Jošanička Banja to Vranjska Banja (southern Serbia). Based on chemical analyses, four hydrochemical facies are distinguished. Thermal water mainly belongs to NaHCO3 or CaMgHCO3 hydrochemical facies, usually depending on the primary aquifer: karst, karst-fissured, intergranular or fissured.
Decontamination Assessment of Nanofiber-based N95 Masks
Authors: Faridi-Majidi Raheleh , Norouz Faezeh , Boroumand Safieh , Tabatabaei Seyed Nasrollah , Faridi-Majidi Reza 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
As the world battles with the outbreak of the novel coronavirus, it also prepares for future global pandemics that threaten our health, economy, and survivor. During the outbreak, it became evident that use of personal protective equipment (PPE), specially face masks, can significantly slow the otherwise uncontrolled spread of the virus. Nevertheless, the outbreak has caused shortage of PPE in many regions of the world. Therefore, this study advances the theme of decontaminating used masks. More specifically, the effect of various decontamination techniques on the integrity and functionality of nanofiber-based N95 masks (i.e. capable of at least filtering 95% of 0.3 µm aerosols) were examined. These techniques include 70% ethanol, bleaching, boiling, steaming, ironing as well as placement in autoclave, oven, and exposure to microwave (MW) and ultraviolet (UV) light. Herein, filtration efficiency (by Particle Filtration Efficiency equipment), general morphology, and microstructure of nanofibers (by Field Emission Scanning Electron microscopy) prior and after every decontamination technique were observed. The results suggest that decontamination of masks with 70% ethanol can lead to significant unfavorable changes in the microstructure and filtration efficiency (down to 57.33%) of the masks. In other techniques such as bleaching, boiling, steaming, ironing and placement in the oven, filtration efficiency dropped to only about 80% and in addition, some morphological changes in the nanofiber microstructure were seen. Expectedly, there was no significant reduction in filtration efficiency nor microstructural changes in the case of placement in autoclave and exposure to the UV light. It was concluded that, the latter methods are preferable to decontaminate nanofiber-based N95 masks.
Hydrogeological modelling to support urban planning in harbour areas: A case study from Horsens, Denmark
Authors: Cen Xinyu , Medhus Anna Bondo , Andersen Theis Raaschou , Poulsen Søren Erbs , Xu Mo , Mou Zishen , Du Feng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Historically, industries were in harbour areas of cities for easy access to transportation of resources. Today, transforming former industrial areas into living spaces has become attractive business. However, this transformation has often been challenged by high levels of soil contamination caused by the industrial use. Remediation measures are mandatory to ensure the public safety in the redeveloped areas. Detailed information about the contaminant type, distribution and transport mechanisms is required to address the contamination issues. This paper presents a workflow for investigations assisting decision making for construction work in redeveloped industrial areas. The workflow is applied to Horsens harbour (Denmark). In this area, renovation of the harbour walls introduces the risk of spreading of phenol contamination to planned construction areas. The study demonstrates how detailed information about the geology and hydrology at the site allows for scenario modelling of contaminant transport, guiding remediation efforts and aiding decision makers in developing the harbour area.
Robust Perceptual Wavelet Packet Features for
Recognition of Continuous Kannada Speech
Authors: Swamy Mahadeva , Ravi D J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
An ASR system is built for the Continuous Kannada Speech Recognition. The acoustic and language models are created with the help of the Kaldi toolkit. The speech database is created with the native male and female Kannada speakers. The 75% of collected speech data is used for training the acoustic models and 25% of speech database is used for the system testing. The Performance of the system is presented interms of Word Error Rate (WER). Wavelet Packet Decomposition along with Mel filter bank is used to achieve feature extraction. The proposed feature extraction performs slightly better than the conventional features such as MFCC, PLP interms of WRA and WER under uncontrolled conditions. For the speech corpus collected in Kannada Language, the proposed features shows an improvement in WRA of 1.79% over baseline features.
Use of remotely sensed derived metrics to assess wetland vegetation responses to climate variability induced drought at the Soetendalsvlei wetland system in the Western Cape province of South Africa
Authors: Ndlala Noluthando Conelia , Dube Timothy 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Wetland areas are the most vital ecosystems and they provide important functions towards stabilizing the environment. Hydrological processes in these wetland systems directly affects the productivity of plants. Therefore, assessing vegetation response to climate variability induced drought is vital in wetlands. In this paper, the subtle changes in vegetation distribution were used as a proxy to examine and quantify the extent of drought impacts on wetland ecosystems within the Heuningnes catchment, South Africa. First, vegetation health information was extracted by calculating the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) during the wet and dry seasons for the period between 2014 and 2018. The derived NDVI results were further statistical linked to the corresponding rainfall and evapotranspiration (ET) observed during the study period. An analysis of NDVI results revealed that gradual vegetation health change occurred across the study area. The highest derived NDVI (0.5) for wetland vegetation was observed during the year 2014 but progressively declined over the years. Change in vegetation health indicated a significant (α = 0.05) and positive correlation to the amount of rainfall received over the same period. The results of this study showed that healthy vegetation deteriorated between the study periods due to the 2015–2017 Western Cape drought.
Presentation of Psychosis Subsequent to Penile Injection of MDMA in a 60-year-old Patient-A Case Report
Authors: Reyes Ana Lilian , Michael Brittany , Korah Tessy 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The street drug Molly, the crystal or powder form of MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethylamphetamine) is commonly ingested via oral or pulmonary routes. Intravenous administration of MDMA is rare and here we report a case of penile dorsal vein injection of Molly, development of penile abscess, and subsequent psychotic symptoms in a patient with a history of polysubstance use. A 60-year-old Caucasian male was presented to the psychiatric hospital with a chief complaint of hallucinations and homicidal and suicidal ideation following reported use of MDMA. Three days into his hospitalization, he began to experience sever penile pain and upon interviewing disclosed penile injection of MDMA prior to admission. Examination revealed a 1.5 X 0.7 cm abscess with minimal drainage and surrounding erythema on the body of the penis. The treatment course consisted of three days of intramuscular ceftriaxone and six days of oral Minocycline. In this case report, we discuss the challenges and importance of obtaining a thorough history for patients presenting with IV drug use as well as considering uncommon routes of administration.
Progressive Volume Atrophy in Hippocampal Subfields and the Correlation with Cognition in Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Kang Guixia , Luo Peiqi , Xu Xin , Han Ying , Li Xuemei , Ling Zhipei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective: To assess the progression of volume changes in hippocampus and its subfields of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and to explore the association of the hippocampus and its subfields volumes with cognitive function.Methods: Five groups of participants including 35 normal controls (NC) persons, 30 MCI patients, 30 Mild AD patients, 30 Moderate AD patients and 8 Severe AD patients received structural MRI brain scans. Freesurfer6.0 was used for automatically segmentation of MRI, and the left and right hippocampus were respectively divided into 12 subfields. By statistical analysis, the volumes of hippocampus and its subfields were compared between the five groups, and the correlation of the volumes with Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) score was analyzed.Result & Conclusion: In the disease, each hippocampal subfield shows an uneven atrophy trajectory; The volumes of the subiculum and presubiculum are significantly different between Mild AD and MCI, which can contribute to the early diagnosis of AD; Parasubiculum is the least sensitive subfield for volume atrophy of AD, while subiculum, presubiculum, CA1, molecular_layer_HP and fimbria show much more significant volume changes. Meanwhile the volumes of these five subfields are positively correlated with MMSE, which may help in stage division of AD; Compared with the right hippocampus, the volume atrophy on the left side is more significantly, and the volumes are more significantly correlated with MMSE, So the left hippocampus and its subfields may provide a higher reference value for the clinical evaluation of AD than the right side.
Experiment Regarding Magnetic Fields with Gravity
Authors: Lee Jong-hoon 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The ground-based device simulates the potential energy (voltages) between gravity and magnetic seas. The magnetic sea generator (MG) generated currents and voltages on the mesoscopic scale in the vacuum. Gravity interacts to generate electricity in the Earth's direction or the opposite direction by the repulsive magnetic force. A trapped gravity was set to behave as free relativistic quantum particles or fluids, making it possible to measure the voltage and current as a function of time according to the particle or fluid interaction and position in the magnetic sea. Our result is grounded on rigorous proof based on numerical and analytic computations, which took it accessible to study the magnetic sea for different initial superposition of positive- negative-gravity spinor state in the space Hieut (H). As evidence, we present the measurement data of gravitational waves (GW20200618), which were impossible to measure during the pandemic at LIGO. If the MG generates negative current and positive voltage in vacuum states, this signifies the gravitomagnetic potentials induced by gravitational fluids or particles in the magnetic sea. The theory of quantum mechanics can be merged with the theory of general relativity or gravitational force at microscopic length scales. Now, we can convert the study of light trapped in a black hole into a study of gravity trapped in space H.
Psychosocial status and attitudes of healthcare workers amid the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kurt Ercan , Ovalı İbrahim Ethem , Gulacti Umut , Canpolat Semih , Koparal Mehtap , Kafadar Hüseyin , Kaya Hakan , Yucetas Şeyho Cem 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background/Aim: COVID-19 disease occurs in close contact due to its highly contagious nature. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are in the frontline of struggling with the COVID-19 pandemic. The thoughts, behaviors, attitudes, and psychosocial statuses of healthcare professionals working in this problematic condition have not yet been fully investigated in Turkey. We aimed to evaluate the mental health and psychosocial status, thoughts about the measures taken by the government, attitudes, and behaviors of healthcare workers facing the COVID-19 pandemic, and whether there is a difference between physician and non-physician HCWs. Methods: In this cross-sectional survey, a 56-question multiple-choice test created based on similar surveys and scales was performed by a one-to-one interview with the HCWs in three registered hospitals fighting the COVID-19 pandemic from 20 May to 10 June 2020. Mental health variables were assessed via the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) and the Turkish Beck Depression Scale to specify psychological manifestations. A scoring system was applied using a four-point Likert scale, from no points (“strongly disagree”) to three points (“strongly agree”) to determine the levels of anxiety and depression. Participants were divided into two groups as physician and non-physician HCWs for subgroup analysis. Results: A total of 300 HCWs (45 physicians, 255 non-physician health care workers) enrolled in the survey. Only 0.8% of HCWs received psychological support from a therapist or psychiatrist. The most common concern during the COVID-19 pandemic was about “the elderly and other risky population being infected” (37.9%). Compared with non-physician HCWs, physicians felt more concerned about the spread of COVID-19 (80% vs 47.1%, P=0.006 χ2=12.591) and they agreed at a higher rate that the number of tests performed was sufficient (53.3% vs. 41.2%, P=0.030, OR: 0.29-0.35, χ2=7.047). For all HCWs, the "feeling of being infected with COVID-19” item had the highest mean total score (2.60 (0.97). The mean score of the “feeling nervous/anxious/on edge” item was 2.53 (0.52) for physicians and 2.26 (0.86) for non-physician HCWs. Non- physicians HCWs had a higher mean score for “Feeling of increased body pain and agony” item than physicians 0.27(0.80) vs 0.76 (1.23), mean dif=-0.50, 95% confidence interval=-1.002 to 0.006, P<0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study showed that healthcare professionals were most anxious about “being infected with COVID-19”. Both physician and non-physician HCWs were feeling nervous/anxious/on edge according to anxiety scores.
Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Left Lower Limb Complicated with the Abscess of Retroperitoneal Space: Case Report Presentation and a Retrospective Study
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhang Fan , Hu Zhensheng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Necrotizing fasciitis(NF) is a severe progressive infectious disease where a synergistic action of multiple bacteria results in suppurative necrosis of the skin and soft tissue. Despite being a relatively uncommon infection, its mortality is significantly high. In this case report ,we describe the clinical presentation, management and outcome of a patient with NF of the left lower limb complicated with the abscess of retroperitoneal space and ensuing septic shock and dysfunction of heart and liver. Finally, we analyzed six cases we have treated before including this one and a retrospective study was performed.Case presentation: A 69-year-old male patient, complaining about the pain of left lower limb and high fever due to uncertain reasons, featuring the tenderness of affected limb and left lower abdomen , was diagnosed with the NF complicated with the abscess of retroperitoneal space. The patient then develop septic shock and dysfunction of heart and liver. After repeated debridement of necrosis tissue, in combination with multiple antibiotics, laboratory test methods and the vacuum-assisted closure(VAC) therapy, the patient survived ,gradually improved and finally got a full recovery.Methods: A retrospective study was performed on six patients with NF of unilateral lower limb from March 2018 to October 2019. All patients were given systemic antibiotics and nutrition support. During the first stage, repeated surgical debridement with negative-pressure wound therapy(NPWT) was performed. Direct suture of the wound was performed in the second stage. Results: The incision healed well in all patients, and no infection or necrosis occurred in the wound. During the follow-up of 6.5 months (range, 5-9 months), no recurrence of infection or incision rupture occurred.Discussion: Although prompt diagnosis and adequate antibiotic therapy are basic for the treatment of patients with NF, early and repeated surgical intervention is vital for a favorable outcome. Thus, adjuvant treatment for NF such as negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) using the VAC are very useful to accelerate wound healing.Conclusions: Prompt diagnosis, adequate antibiotic therapy and more crucially, early and repeated surgical debridement of the necrotic tissue combined with VAC therapy play a collaborative role in the successful treatment of NF.