bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Every protagonist has a sidekick: Structural aspects of human xeroderma pigmentosum‐binding proteins in nucleotide excision repair
Authors: Feltes Bruno César 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe seven xeroderma pigmentosum proteins (XPps), XPA–XPG, coordinate the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway, promoting the excision of DNA lesions caused by exposition to ionizing radiation, majorly from ultraviolet light. Significant efforts are made to investigate NER since mutations in any of the seven XPps may cause the xeroderma pigmentosum and trichothiodystrophy diseases. However, these proteins collaborate with other pivotal players in all known NER steps to accurately exert their purposes. Therefore, in the old and ever‐evolving field of DNA repair, it is imperative to reexamine and describe their structures to understand NER properly. This work provides an up‐to‐date review of the protein structural aspects of the closest partners that directly interact and influence XPps: RAD23B, CETN2, DDB1, RPA (RPA70, 32, and 14), p8 (GTF2H5), and ERCC1. Structurally and functionally vital domains, regions, and critical residues are reexamined, providing structural lessons and perspectives about these indispensable proteins in the NER and other DNA repair pathways. By gathering all data related to the major human xeroderma pigmentosum‐interacting proteins, this review will aid newcomers on the subject and guide structural and functional future studies.
Double Copy from Homotopy Algebras
Authors: Borsten Leron , Kim Hyungrok , Jurčo Branislav , Macrelli Tommaso , Saemann Christian , Wolf Martin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe show that the BRST Lagrangian double copy construction of supergravity as the ‘square’ of Yang–Mills theory finds a natural interpretation in terms of homotopy algebras. We significantly expand on our previous work arguing the validity of the double copy at the loop level, and we give a detailed derivation of the double‐copied Lagrangian and BRST operator. Our constructions are very general and can be applied to a vast set of examples.
20E and MAPK signal pathway involved in the effect of reproduction caused by cyantraniliprole in Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Li Jianying , Liu Jin , Chi Baojie , Chen Peng , Liu Yongjie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDIt is a common phenomenon that insecticides affect insect reproduction and insect hormones. After cyantraniliprole treatment, the egg production and remating behavior of female Bactrocera dorsalis were affected, a phenomenon of ‘hormesis’ appeared, but the change at the molecular level was unknown. Therefore, we investigated the fertility, insect hormone titers and transcription levels and used RNAi to prove the function of genes, to explore the molecular mechanism of cyantraniliprole causing reproductive changes in female B. dorsalis.RESULTSLC20 treatment promoted egg production, while LC50 treatment inhibited it. Both high and low concentrations inhibited female ovaries' development and reduced the length of the ovarian tubes. Among insect hormones, only the titer of 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) changed significantly. According to the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of RNA‐seq, there are significant differences in insect hormone synthesis and MAPK signal pathways between treatments. Furthermore, 20E biosynthetic genes, BdVgs and BdVgR were all down‐regulated, and multiple MAPK signaling pathway genes were up‐regulated. Based on qRT‐PCR, the expression of BdCyp307A1, BdCyp302A1, BdMEKK4 and BdMAP2K6 within 1–11 days after treatment were consistent with the change of 20E titer. The BdVg1 and BdVg2 in LC50 were still suppressed, while the LC20 returned to normal in 9–11 days. RNAi indicated that BdMEKK4 and BdMAP2K6 participated in the transcriptional regulation of BdCyp307A1 and BdCyp302A1, then affected the levels of BdVgs.CONCLUSIONCyantraniliprole affected 20E through MAPK signal pathway, causing many genes to be down‐regulated during the early period but up‐regulated during the late period, ultimately affecting the reproduction of B. dorsalis. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
The fire extinguishing mechanism of ultrafine composite dry powder agent containing Mg(OH)2
Authors: Hu Wenhao , Yu Rourou , Chang Zhenxiang , Tan Zhaoyang , Liu Xiuwu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCompound dry powder agent containing Mg(OH)2 is an efficient substitute for halon. Magnesium hydroxide and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate play an important role in chemical fire extinguishing substances. The reaction mechanism and thermal decomposition products of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesium hydroxide simulated by both molecule and cluster model were theoretically studied. Dense functional theory (DFT) was used to optimize the structure of the samples, and the reaction of the samples with free radicals H·, OH· and CH3· was calculated to prevent the combustion process. A fire extinguishing reaction mechanism that consisted of 13 elementary reactions were proposed. The most kinetically favorable mechanistic pathways in extinguishing reactions were identified. The direct reaction of Mg(OH)2 with H· free radical is the main pathway. Similarly, in the H3PO4 phase, the energy barrier of H3PO4 reacting with free radicals is smaller than that of self‐decomposition and the thermal decomposition of intermediates, indicating that the reaction of H3PO4 with free radicals is also the main route. In addition, the intermediate produced by the reaction will also combine with each other to form new fire extinguishing substances, which accelerates the fire extinguishing process. Therefore, the fire extinguishing effect of composite dry powder containing magnesium hydroxide is higher than the single powder extinguishing agent.
Optimal Pump Shaping for Entanglement Control in Any Countable Basis
Authors: Bornman Nicholas , Tavares Buono Wagner , Lovemore Michael , Forbes Andrew 
Published: August 2021

AbstractControlling spatial mode entanglement of bi‐photon states has become paramount in quantum optics experiments, where a spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) state is tailored into a desired state through control of the SPDC pump light. Particular pump shaping solutions exist but have been shown for only special cases, such as orbital angular momentum, and always at the expense of noise. Here, a basis‐independent approach to the pump shaping problem that crafts the problem in terms of an invertible tensor equation is presented, making it possible to determine the requisite pump profile for any desired downconversion joint probability spectrum, often analytically. It is first shown that this approach reproduces a number of prior results exactly and then go on to demonstrate results not possible with existing techniques, such as shaping quantum states in new bases and controlling the signal‐to‐noise ratio. It is believed that this approach is optimal as the solvable tensor equation can be tailored to focus on any desired state (sub)space and can be optimized with respect to a chosen norm. This work provides a universal approach to quantum state engineering through deterministic shaping of the SPDC pump light, making it a highly suitable workhorse of quantum optics experiments.
Characterization of the metabolites of dichotomitin in rat, monkey and human by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Kai‐Xuan , Dong Na , Guo Le 
Published: August 2021

RationaleDichotomitin is one of the bioactive constituents isolated from Belamcanda chinensis. The goal of this study was to identify the metabolites of dichotomitin produced by liver microsomes and hepatocytes.MethodsUsing ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC/HRMS), the metabolites were profiled and identified. The exact masses, elemental compositions and product ions of the metabolites were used to characterize their structures.ResultsA total of ten metabolites were found and identified. The main metabolites identified in the incubation samples were M6 (3′,5,6,7‐tetrahydroxy‐4′,5′‐dimethoxyisoflavone) and M8 (8‐hydroxydichotomitin). Opening of 1,3‐benzodioxole, demethylation, hydroxylation, glucuronidation and sulfation were among the metabolic modifications for dichotomitin. A human recombinant cytochrome P450 enzyme study revealed that CYP 1A2, 2C19, and 2D6 facilitated the formation of M6, whereas CYP 1A2 catalyzed the formation of M8 exclusively.ConclusionsFor the first time, data on the in vitro metabolic fates of dichotomitin were revealed in this work which would be helpful for us to understand the disposition of this bioactive constituent.
An asymmetric random Rado theorem for single equations: The 0‐statement
Authors: Hancock Robert , Treglown Andrew 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA famous result of Rado characterizes those integer matrices A which are partition regular, that is, for which any finite coloring of the positive integers gives rise to a monochromatic solution to the equation . Aigner‐Horev and Person recently stated a conjecture on the probability threshold for the binomial random set having the asymmetric random Rado property: given partition regular matrices (for a fixed ), however one r‐colors , there is always a color such that there is an i‐colored solution to . This generalizes the symmetric case, which was resolved by Rödl and Ruciński, and Friedgut, Rödl and Schacht. Aigner‐Horev and Person proved the 1‐statement of their asymmetric conjecture. In this paper, we resolve the 0‐statement in the case where the correspond to single linear equations. Additionally we close a gap in the original proof of the 0‐statement of the (symmetric) random Rado theorem.
Soil nitrification response to dairy digestate and inorganic ammonium sources depends on soil pH and nitrifier abundances
Authors: Waggoner Ashley L. , Bottomley Peter J. , Taylor Anne E. , Myrold David D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo reduce CH4 emissions, some dairy operations use manure as feedstock for anaerobic digesters, after which the nonvolatilized portion forms a digestate effluent with high NH4+ content that is used as fertilizer. When applied to soil, N fertilizers are subject to nitrification, where NH3–oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) oxidize NH3 to NO2–, NO2––oxidizing bacteria (NOB) oxidize NO2– to NO3−, and N oxides are produced from biotic and abiotic reactions. This study used soil microcosms to evaluate the properties of nitrification in response to the addition of N as digestate vs. NH4Cl in soils from the different climatic regions of the western Oregon coastal plain (CP) and eastern Oregon Columbia River basin (CRB). In each soil, properties of NH3 oxidation or N oxide accumulation did not differ when N was provided via digestate or NH4Cl over the normal temperature range; however, nitrification rates, communities, and products differed between soils. The average nitrification rate in CP soil was almost twofold higher than in CRB soil (P ≤ .001), despite no significant differences in AOB activity or AOB amoA copy numbers. With N addition, AOA activity also increased in CP soil, where AOA amoA copy numbers were fivefold higher than CRB soil (P < .002). Accumulation of NO2– only in CRB soil was likely due to NOB inhibition by high NH3 concentrations (∼560 μM) present at the high pH of CRB soil (8.5). Overall, nitrification was dictated by differences in edaphic properties, temperature, and nitrifier communities more than N source.
Fiber Surface/Interfacial Engineering on Wearable Electronics
Authors: Xiao Ruimin , Yu Guiqin , Xu Ben Bin , Wang Nan , Liu Xuqing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSurface/interfacial engineering is an essential technique to explore the fiber materials properties and fulfil new functionalities. An extensive scope of current physical and chemical treating methods is reviewed here together with a variety of real‐world applications. Moreover, a new surface/interface engineering approach is also introduced: self‐assembly via π–π stacking, which has great potential for the surface modification of fiber materials due to its nondestructive working principle. A new fiber family member, metal‐oxide framework (MOF) fiber shows promising candidacy for fiber based wearable electronics. The understanding of surface/interfacial engineering techniques on fiber materials is advanced here and it is expected to guide the rational design of future fiber based wearable electronics.
Mixed Halide Perovskite Films by Vapor Anion Exchange for Spectrally Stable Blue Stimulated Emission
Authors: Lu Guochao , Chen Zhanhang , Fang Zhishan , Li Hongjin , Gao Yun , Lin Chen , Dai Xingliang , Ye Zhizhen , He Haiping 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSolution‐processed all‐inorganic CsPbX3 perovskites exhibit outstanding optoelectronic properties and are being considered as a promising optical gain medium, with impressive performance in the green and red region. However, the development of CsPbX3 for blue emission is still lagging far behind, owing to difficulties in thin films synthesis and spectral instability subject to light irradiation. Here, a facile vapor anion exchange (VAE) method that enables preparation of blue‐emitting perovskite films with both excellent surface morphology and good photo‐stability is reported. The mixed‐Br/Cl quasi‐2D perovskite films show spectrally stable pure blue emission (471 nm) under continuous‐wave laser irradiation with power density as high as 81 W cm−2. Furthermore, optically pumped blue amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) is realized based on the mixed‐Br/Cl perovskite films. By changing the duration of VAE treatment, the ASE peak can be tuned from 537 nm down to 475 nm. This work not only presents a facile method to prepare high quality mixed halide Cs‐based perovskite films, but also pave the way for further exploration of stable blue perovskite lasing.
Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalysis‐Enhanced Nanozyme of TiO2 Nanotubes@MoS2 Nanoflowers for Efficient Wound Healing Infected with Multidrug‐Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Lin Yu , Liu Xiangyong , Liu Zengxu , Xu Yuanhong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo enhance the catalytic activity of the nanozymes for efficient wound healing infected with multidrug‐resistant bacteria, photo‐based motivations have been suggested, but attention is mainly focused on the external stimulus of near‐infrared light, while the inexhaustible visible one is promising but lack of study. Herein, an efficient visible light‐stimulated peroxidase‐like nanozyme system, TiO2 nanotubes coated with MoS2 nanoflowers (TiO2NTs@MoS2), is discovered for efficient bacterial treatment. Based on the synergetic effects between the two components, the bandgap of the TiO2NTs can be narrowed from 3.2 to 2.97 eV due to the MoS2 loading, which extended the light response of TiO2 to visible‐light range and enhanced the photocatalytic activity accordingly. Meanwhile, the peroxidase‐like activity of MoS2 can be significantly enhanced due to the combination with TiO2NTs in return. Especially, the peroxidase‐like activity of the TiO2NTs@MoS2 nanocomposite can be further improved under the sunlight irradiation, rendering much more hydroxyl radical (•OH) generation. Accordingly, the as‐obtained TiO2NTs@MoS2 shows an outstanding antibacterial effect against drug‐resistance extended spectrum β‐lactamases producing Escherichia coli and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus under the visible light. In vivo wound healing test further confirms the high antimicrobial efficiency and good biocompatibility of the synergistic antimicrobial system.
Degradation of Layered Oxide Cathode in a Sodium Battery: A Detailed Investigation by X‐Ray Tomography at the Nanoscale
Authors: DiLecce Daniele , Marangon Vittorio , Isaacs Mark , Palgrave Robert , Shearing Paul R. , Hassoun Jusef 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe degradation mechanism in a sodium cell of a layered Na0.48Al0.03Co0.18Ni0.18Mn0.47O2 (NCAM) cathode with P3/P2 structure is investigated by revealing the changes in microstructure and composition upon cycling. The work aims to rationalize the gradual performance decay and the alteration of the electrochemical response in terms of polarization, voltage signature, and capacity loss. Spatial reconstructions of the electrode by X‐ray computed tomography at the nanoscale supported by quantitative and qualitative analyses show fractures and deformations in the cycled layered metal‐oxide particles, as well as inorganic side compounds deposited on the material. These irreversible morphological modifications reflect structural heterogeneities across the cathode particles due to formation of various domains with different Na+ intercalation degrees. Besides, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy data suggest that the latter inorganic species in the cycled electrode are mainly composed of NaF, Na2O, and NaCO3 formed by parasitic electrolyte decomposition. The precipitation of these insulating compounds at the electrode/electrolyte interphase and the related structural stresses induced in the material lead to a decrease in cathode particle size and partial loss of electrochemical activity. The retention of the NCAM phase after cycling suggests that electrolyte upgrade may improve the performance of the cathode to achieve practical application for sustainable energy storage.
Evaluating Fish Passage and Tailrace Space Use at a Low‐Use Low‐Head Lock and Dam
Authors: Hershey Henry , DeVries Dennis R. , Wright Russell A. , McKee Dustin , Smith David L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractImpacts of low‐head, run‐of‐the‐river dams on migratory fish movements depend on the structure of the dam, river hydrology, and the ability of fish to navigate the tailrace environment. Here, we present results from a 3‐year movement study in which telemetered Paddlefish Polyodon spathula and Smallmouth Buffalo Ictiobus bubalus were tracked as they approached and sometimes migrated past Claiborne Lock and Dam (CLD), a low‐use low‐head lock‐and‐dam structure on the Alabama River. A spillway portion of the dam is periodically inundated during early spring, dependent on precipitation and releases from the next upstream dam. Our goals were to (1) quantify dam passage rates for both species, (2) assess the importance of factors affecting passage success, and (3) quantify space use patterns in the tailrace. Both species exhibited annual upstream migrations during the study period. Correlation of daily average river position versus the CLD hydrograph showed that movements by both species appeared to be related to flow variation. Passage efficiency (range = 10.7–30.2%) varied between species and among years, with tailrace gauge height being the most important factor affecting passage success for both species. Using an acoustic positioning system in the tailrace, we quantified space use by individuals of both species. Time spent in the tailrace (mean = 3.9 continuous days; range = 0–94 continuous days) did not differ between individuals that passed and those that did not pass. Fine‐scale position estimates showed that space use differed between species, across gauge heights, and between individuals that passed and those that did not pass. Differential space use may be due to the species’ habitat preferences or swimming abilities. Our findings provide information to inform potential design of mitigation structures, and they also identify the need for additional work required to more fully understand the mechanisms of passage success versus failure for these and other native potamodromous species.
Fundamentals of Hysteresis in Perovskite Solar Cells: From Structure‐Property Relationship to Neoteric Breakthroughs
Authors: Wali Qamar , Aamir Muhammad , Ullah Abid , Iftikhar Faiza Jan , Khan Muhammad Ejaz , Akhtar Javeed , Yang Shengyuan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSC) have shown a rapid increase in efficiency than other photovoltaic technology. Despite its success in terms of efficiency, this technology is inundated with numerous challenges hindering the progress towards commercial viability. The crucial one is the anomalous hysteresis observed in the photocurrent density‐voltage (J−V) response in PSC. The hysteresis phenomenon in the solar cell presents a challenge for determining the accurate power conversion efficiency of the device. A detailed investigation of the fundamental origin of hysteresis behavior in the device and its associated mechanisms is highly crucial. Though numerous theories have been proposed to explain the causes of hysteresis, its origin includes slow transient capacitive current, trapping, and de‐trapping process, ion migrations, and ferroelectric polarization. The remaining issues and future research required toward the understanding of hysteresis in PSC device is also discussed.
Considering discussion types to support collective sensemaking during a storyline unit
Authors: Lowell Benjamin R. , Cherbow Kevin , McNeill Katherine L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA key goal of recent reforms in science education has been to support students' collective sensemaking, in which they work together to understand a natural phenomenon. This work is often done during class discussions, but facilitating those discussions is challenging. In this study, we used a framework of three discussion types to investigate how classroom discussions differ throughout a storyline curricular unit: initial ideas discussions aim to surface students' ideas about a phenomenon; building understandings discussions aim to construct claims based on an investigation or data; and consensus discussions aim to bring together multiple claims over time to explain a phenomenon or event. We used this framework to analyze the idea work and turns taken in classroom discussions from one highly skilled middle school teacher. This analysis resulted in three takeaways. First, we found the teacher consistently worked to surface and clarify his students' ideas. This is as an important step in collective sensemaking that comes before the construction and critique of those ideas and can support a sense of belonging for students who typically do not identify with science. Second, we characterized a distinct talk pattern closely associated with surfacing and clarifying ideas across all three discussion types: the Propose–Probe–Clarify–Restate (PPCR) sequence. PPCR is distinct from previously identified talk patterns in the teacher's use of clarifying and restating to honor the ideas students bring to a discussion and to restate them to ensure they are accepted into a public record. Finally, we found that each discussion type required a distinct set of teacher moves to achieve its goal. Surfacing and clarifying ideas is necessary but insufficient to support collective sensemaking. Therefore, different talk moves, such as asking for evidence and evaluating claims for their connection to the phenomenon of interest, are required in building understandings and consensus discussions.