bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of PmBN418, a wheat powdery mildew resistance gene on the rye 1RS chromosome arm
Authors: Xu Xiangyang , Bai Guihua , Li Genqiao , Cowger Christina , Bernardo Amy , Carver Brett F. , Amand Paul St , Bian Ruolin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPowdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is a disease of global importance, and new powdery mildew resistance genes that can be directly used in cultivar development are urgently needed. A recombinant inbred line population from ‘CI 17884’ × ‘Bainong 418’ was genotyped using single nucleotide polymorphism markers generated from genotyping‐by‐sequencing, and evaluated for responses to Great Plains Bgt isolates OKS(14)‐B‐3‐1 and NEI‐1‐3. Genetic mapping identified a powdery mildew resistance gene, designated PmBN418, on a 1BL.1RS translocation segment in Bainong 418. Given that PmBN418 conferred resistance to Bgt isolates virulent to Pm8 that resides on the chromosome arm 1RS translocated from rye (Secale cereale L.) cv. ‘Petkus’, PmBN418 is either a new gene or a new allele of Pm8. Phenotypic and genomic data analyses indicated segregation distortion of the powdery mildew resistance gene due to reduced transmission of the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–rye 1BL.1RS translocation segment from Bainong 418, while the wheat–Triticum speltoides translocation segment 7S#1 in CI 17884 was preferentially transmitted. Bainong 418, a high‐yielding cultivar with good resistance to several U.S. Bgt isolates, is a useful resistance source for wheat breeding, and the availability of the Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) marker KASP‐1RS‐1 makes marker‐assisted introgression of PmBN418 into locally adapted cultivars feasible.
Evaluation of Manganese Catalysts for the Hydrogenative Deconstruction of Commercial and End‐of‐Life Polyurethane Samples
Authors: Gausas Laurynas , Donslund Bjarke S. , Kristensen Steffan K. , Skrydstrup Troels 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPolyurethane (PU) is a thermoset plastic that is found in everyday objects, such as mattresses and shoes, but also in more sophisticated materials, including windmills and airplanes, and as insulation materials in refrigerators and buildings. Because of extensive inter‐cross linkages in PU, current recycling methods are somewhat lacking. In this work, the effective catalytic hydrogenation of PU materials is carried out by applying a catalyst based on the earth‐abundant metal manganese, to give amine and polyol fractions, which represent the original monomeric composition. In particular, Mn‐PhMACHO is found to catalytically deconstruct flexible foam, molded foams, insulation, and end‐of‐life materials at 1 wt.% catalyst loading by applying a reaction temperature of 180 °C, 50 bar of H2, and 0.9 wt.% of KOH in isopropyl alcohol. The protocol is showcased in the catalytic deconstruction of 2 g of mattress foam using only 0.13 wt.% catalyst, resulting in 90 % weight recovery and a turnover number of 905.
Tumor‐derived exosomal miR‐19b‐3p facilitates M2 macrophage polarization and exosomal LINC00273 secretion to promote lung adenocarcinoma metastasis via Hippo pathway
Authors: Chen Jing , Zhang Kai , Zhi Yingru , Wu Yin , Chen Baoan , Bai Jinyu , Wang Xuerong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNumerous reports have elucidated the important participation of exosomes in the communication between tumor cells and other cancer‐related cells including tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) in microenvironment. However, the interchange of exosomes between tumor cells and TAMs in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains largely enigmatic. Herein, we discovered that LUAD cells induced the M2 polarization of TAMs and the M2‐polarized macrophages facilitated LUAD cell invasion and migration and tumor metastasis in vivo. In detail, LUAD cells secreted exosomes to transport miR‐19b‐3p into TAMs so that miR‐19b‐3p targeted PTPRD and inhibited the PTPRD‐mediated dephosphorylation of STAT3 in TAMs, leading to STAT3 activation and M2 polarization. Also, the activated STAT3 transcriptionally induced LINC00273 in M2 macrophages and exosomal LINC00273 was transferred into LUAD cells. In LUAD cells, LINC00273 recruited NEDD4 to facilitate LATS2 ubiquitination and degradation, so that the Hippo pathway was inactivated and YAP induced the transcription of RBMX. RBMX bound to miR‐19b‐3p to facilitate the packaging of miR‐19b‐3p into LUAD cell‐derived exosomes. Collectively, our results revealed the mechanism underlying the interactive communication between LUAD cells and TAMs through elucidating the exchange of exosomal miR‐19b‐3p and LINC00273 and proved the prometastatic effect of the interchange between two cells. These discoveries opened a new vision for developing LUAD treatment.
Predicting insect outbreaks using machine learning: A mountain pine beetle case study
Authors: Ramazi Pouria , Kunegel‐Lion Mélodie , Greiner Russell , Lewis Mark A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPlanning forest management relies on predicting insect outbreaks such as mountain pine beetle, particularly in the intermediate‐term future, e.g., 5‐year. Machine‐learning algorithms are potential solutions to this challenging problem due to their many successes across a variety of prediction tasks. However, there are many subtle challenges in applying them: identifying the best learning models and the best subset of available covariates (including time lags) and properly evaluating the models to avoid misleading performance‐measures. We systematically address these issues in predicting the chance of a mountain pine beetle outbreak in the Cypress Hills area and seek models with the best performance at predicting future 1‐, 3‐, 5‐ and 7‐year infestations. We train nine machine‐learning models, including two generalized boosted regression trees (GBM) that predict future 1‐ and 3‐year infestations with 92% and 88% AUC, and two novel mixed models that predict future 5‐ and 7‐year infestations with 86% and 84% AUC, respectively. We also consider forming the train and test datasets by splitting the original dataset randomly rather than using the appropriate year‐based approach and show that this may obtain models that score high on the test dataset but low in practice, resulting in inaccurate performance evaluations. For example, a k‐nearest neighbor model with the actual performance of 68% AUC, scores the misleadingly high 78% on a test dataset obtained from a random split, but the more accurate 66% on a year‐based split. We then investigate how the prediction accuracy varies with respect to the provided history length of the covariates and find that neural network and naive Bayes, predict more accurately as history‐length increases, particularly for future 1‐ and 3‐year predictions, and roughly the same holds with GBM. Our approach is applicable to other invasive species. The resulting predictors can be used in planning forest and pest management and planning sampling locations in field studies.
Heart failure in COVID‐19: the multicentre, multinational PCHF‐COVICAV registry
Authors: Sokolski Mateusz , Trenson Sander , Sokolska Justyna M. , D'Amario Domenico , Meyer Philippe , Poku Nana K. , Biering‐Sørensen Tor , Højbjerg Lassen Mats C. , Skaarup Kristoffer G. , Barge‐Caballero Eduardo , Pouleur Anne‐Catherine , Stolfo Davide , Sinagra Gianfranco , Ablasser Klemens , Muster Viktoria , Rainer Peter P. , Wallner Markus , Chiodini Alessandra , Heiniger Pascal S. , Mikulicic Fran , Schwaiger Judith , Winnik Stephan , Cakmak Huseyin A. , Gaudenzi Margherita , Mapelli Massimo , Mattavelli Irene , Paul Matthias , Cabac‐Pogorevici Irina , Bouleti Claire , Lilliu Marzia , Minoia Chiara , Dauw Jeroen , Costa Jérôme , Celik Ahmet , Mewton Nathan , Montenegro Carlos E.L. , Matsue Yuya , Loncar Goran , Marchel Michal , Bechlioulis Aris , Michalis Lampros , Dörr Marcus , Prihadi Edgard , Schoenrath Felix , Messroghli Daniel R. , Mullens Wilfried , Lund Lars H. , Rosano Giuseppe M.C. , Ponikowski Piotr , Ruschitzka Frank , Flammer Andreas J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsWe assessed the outcome of hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients with heart failure (HF) compared with patients with other cardiovascular disease and/or risk factors (arterial hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidaemia). We further wanted to determine the incidence of HF events and its consequences in these patient populations.Methods and resultsInternational retrospective Postgraduate Course in Heart Failure registry for patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 and CArdioVascular disease and/or risk factors (arterial hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidaemia) was performed in 28 centres from 15 countries (PCHF‐COVICAV). The primary endpoint was in‐hospital mortality. Of 1974 patients hospitalized with COVID‐19, 1282 had cardiovascular disease and/or risk factors (median age: 72 [interquartile range: 62–81] years, 58% male), with HF being present in 256 [20%] patients. Overall in‐hospital mortality was 25% (n = 323/1282 deaths). In‐hospital mortality was higher in patients with a history of HF (36%, n = 92) compared with non‐HF patients (23%, n = 231, odds ratio [OR] 1.93 [95% confidence interval: 1.44–2.59], P < 0.001). After adjusting, HF remained associated with in‐hospital mortality (OR 1.45 [95% confidence interval: 1.01–2.06], P = 0.041). Importantly, 186 of 1282 [15%] patients had an acute HF event during hospitalization (76 [40%] with de novo HF), which was associated with higher in‐hospital mortality (89 [48%] vs. 220 [23%]) than in patients without HF event (OR 3.10 [2.24–4.29], P < 0.001).ConclusionsHospitalized COVID‐19 patients with HF are at increased risk for in‐hospital death. In‐hospital worsening of HF or acute HF de novo are common and associated with a further increase in in‐hospital mortality.
A Phaseolus vulgaris Leukoagglutinin Biosensor as a Selective Device for the Detection of Cancer‐associated N‐glycans with Increased β1→6 Branching
Authors: Silva M. Luísa S. , Ramírez Martínez Cinthia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA Phaseolus vulgaris leukoagglutinin (PHA−L) impedimetric biosensor was developed for the selective detection of cancer‐associated N‐glycans presenting increased β1→6 GlcNAc branching. The increase in the biosensor‘s impedance after sample incubation was indicative of lectin recognition and complex formation between PHA−L and N‐glycans with increased β1→6 GlcNAc branching, present in serum glycoproteins. Bovine thyroglobulin was used as a model glycoprotein and a linear correlation was found between glycoprotein concentration and analytical signal from 0.05 to 2.0 mg ml−1. The biosensor was validated by analyzing serum samples from patients with diverse types of carcinomas.
Hydrogen Peroxide Detection Using Prussian Blue‐modified 3D Pyrolytic Carbon Microelectrodes
Authors: Esmail Tehrani Sheida , Quang Nguyen Long , Garelli Giulia , Jensen Bettina M. , Ruzgas Tautgirdas , Emnéus Jenny , Sylvest Keller Stephan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA highly sensitive amperometric Prussian blue‐based hydrogen peroxide sensor was developed using 3D pyrolytic carbon microelectrodes. A 3D printed multielectrode electrochemical cell enabled simultaneous highly reproducible Prussian blue modification on multiple carbon electrodes. The effect of oxygen plasma pre‐treatment and deposition time on Prussian blue electrodeposition was studied. The amperometric response of 2D and 3D sensors to the addition of hydrogen peroxide in μM and sub‐μM concentrations in phosphate buffer was investigated. A high sensitivity comparable to flow injection systems and a detection limit of 0.16 μM was demonstrated with 3D pyrolytic carbon microelectrodes at stirred batch condition
Overview of in‐capillary enzymatic reactions using capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Rozenski Jef , Asfaw Adissu Alemayehu , Van Schepdael Ann 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis review summarizes the research that has recently been performed on in‐capillary enzymatic reactions integrated with capillary electrophoresis. The manuscript is subdivided in homogeneous and heterogeneous approaches. The main homogeneous techniques are Electrophoretically Mediated Microanalysis, At‐inlet and Transverse Diffusion of Laminar Flow Profiles. The main heterogeneous ones are Immobilized MicroEnzyme Reactors with enzymes grafted on either non‐magnetic or magnetic particles. The overview covers the period from 2018 to early 2021. The applications range from drug discovery over natural products to food, beverage and pesticide analysis.
Using capillary electrophoresis to characterize the hydrodynamic and electrostatic properties of DNA in solutions containing various monovalent cations
Authors: Stellwagen Nancy C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis review describes the results obtained by using free‐solution capillary electrophoresis to probe the electrostatic and hydrodynamic properties of DNA in solutions containing various monovalent cations. In brief, we found that the mobilities of double‐stranded DNAs (dsDNAs) increase with increasing molecular weight before leveling off and becoming constant at molecular weights ≥400 bp. The mobilities of single‐stranded DNAs (ssDNAs) go through a maximum at ∼10–20 nucleotides before decreasing and becoming constant for oligomers larger than ∼30–50 bases. The mobilities of both ss‐ and dsDNAs increase linearly with the logarithm of increasing charge per unit length and decrease linearly with the logarithm of increasing ionic strength. Surprisingly, ss‐ and dsDNA mobilities level off and become nearly constant at ionic strengths ≥0.6 M. The thermal stabilities of dsDNAs decrease linearly with increasing solution viscosity. The diffusion coefficients of dsDNA are modulated by the diffusion coefficients of their counterions because of electrostatic DNA‐cation coupling interactions. Finally, the anomalously slow mobilities observed for A‐tract‐containing DNAs can be attributed both to differences in shape and to the preferential localization of small cations in the A‐tract minor groove. Since many of these results are mirrored in other polyion‐counterion systems, free‐solution electrophoresis can be viewed as a reporter of the electrostatics and hydrodynamics of highly charged polyions. New results describing the mobilities of dsDNA analogues of a microRNA‐messenger RNA complex are also presented.
Method development for mono‐ and disaccharides monitoring in cell culture medium by capillary and microchip electrophoresis
Authors: van der Burg Debbie , Josefsson Leila , Mikkonen Saara , Chotteau Véronique , Emmer Åsa , Wätzig Hermann , Sänger‐van de Griend Cari E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe rapidly growing, competitive biopharmaceutical market requires tight bioprocess monitoring. An integrated, automated platform for the routine online/at‐line monitoring of key factors in the cell culture medium could greatly improve process monitoring. Mono‐ and disaccharides, as the main energy and carbon source, are one of these key factors. A CE‐LIF method was developed for the analysis of several mono‐ and disaccharides, considering requirements and restrictions for analysis in an integrated, automated monitoring platform, such as the possibility for miniaturization to microchip electrophoresis. Analysis was performed after fluorescent derivatization with 8‐aminopyrene‐1,3,6‐trisulfonic acid. The derivatisation reaction and the separation BGE were optimized using design of experiments. The developed method is applicable to the complex matrix of cell culture medium and proved transferable to microchip electrophoresis.
Characterization of an aerated submerged hollow fiber ultrafiltration device for efficient microalgae harvesting
Authors: Ortiz Tena Franziska , Ranglová Karolína , Kubač David , Steinweg Christian , Thomson Claudia , Masojidek Jiří , Posten Clemens 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe present work characterizes a submerged aerated hollow fiber polyvinylidene fluorid (PVDF) membrane (0.03 μm) device (Harvester) designed for the ultrafiltration (UF) of microalgae suspensions. Commercial baker's yeast served as model suspension to investigate the influence of the aeration rate of the hollow fibers on the critical flux (CF, Jc) for different cell concentrations. An optimal aeration rate of 1.25 vvm was determined. Moreover, the CF was evaluated using two different Chlorella cultures (axenic and non‐axenic) of various biomass densities (0.8–17.5 g DW/L). Comparably high CFs of 15.57 and 10.08 L/m/2/h were measured for microalgae concentrations of 4.8 and 10.0 g DW/L, respectively, applying very strict CF criteria. Furthermore, the Jc‐values correlated (negative) linearly with the biomass concentration (0.8–10.0 g DW/L). Concentration factors between 2.8 and 12.4 and volumetric reduction factors varying from 3.5 to 11.5 could be achieved in short‐term filtration, whereat a stable filtration handling biomass concentrations up to 40.0 g DW/L was feasible. Measures for fouling control (aeration of membrane fibers, periodic backflushing) have thus been proven to be successful. Estimations on energy consumption revealed very low energy demand of 17.97 kJ/m3 treated microalgae feed suspension (4.99 × 10−3 kWh/m3) and 37.83 kJ/kg treated biomass (1.05 × 10−2 kWh/kg), respectively, for an up‐concentration from 2 to 40 g DW/L of a microalgae suspension.
Development of fragility surfaces for reinforced concrete buildings under mainshock‐aftershock sequences
Authors: Yu Xiaohui , Zhou Zhou , Du Wenqi , Lu Dagang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA single intensity measure (IM) is commonly used to develop fragility curves for structures subjected to mainshock‐aftershock (MS‐AS) scenarios. This study aims to propose a framework to develop MS‐AS fragility surfaces by characterizing the MS‐AS sequences with two IMs. To do this, the well‐known Park & Ang damage index, which increases monotonically with the ground motion duration, is adopted to represent the accumulative structural damage during sequential excitations. The MS‐AS accumulative damage of structures is thus represented by the combination of the initial damage caused by MS and the incremental damage caused by AS. Based on total probability theorem, the process of assessing MS‐AS fragility is consequently divided into two parts, namely the MS fragility assessment and the AS fragility assessment, respectively, where the cases of dynamic instability are considered. The proposed framework is illustrated using a typical four‐story reinforced concrete frame building. The peak ground velocity values of both MS and AS are taken as the representative IMs for the MS‐AS sequences. The fragility results for MS only and MS‐AS sequences are compared to scrutinize the effects of AS on structural damage. It is found that the MS‐AS sequence can cause significantly larger exceedance probabilities of limit states compared to the MS only. The MS‐AS sequence also leads to a reduction of the MS‐AS fragility median conditioned on a given AS intensity. Such reduction increases with the increase of the AS intensity.
Internationalizing the curriculum: The power of agency and authenticity
Authors: Marantz‐Gal Amit , Leask Betty 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInternationalization is a core activity of universities today, and one in which academic staff play a crucial role. A decade of research into academic staff engagement in internationalization of the curriculum (IoC) has highlighted the importance of in‐depth qualitative case studies in which researchers collect detailed information over a sustained period of time in different institutions, programs, and contexts. This article analyses the results of multiple IoC case studies conducted in universities in Australia and Israel at different times over a 10‐year period. Academic staff in six different discipline areas and four institutions were engaged in IoC. Taken together, the results of these studies provide insight into the process of IoC and key engagement points in it. It is concluded that IoC is best facilitated when the authentic perspectives, experiences, and motivations of faculty are respected and institutions recognize their agency, leadership, and differentiated needs in the process.
Integrated approaches to the assessment of internationalization
Authors: Merrill Martha C. , Kretovics Mark A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAssessment has become an important aspect of almost every academic or extracurricular program within institutions of higher education in the United States. This article defines internationalization and its related activities while discussing educational outcomes and offering a model for developing assessment strategies for said activities. Assessment should not be episodic but rather needs to be systematic and ongoing, as well as comprehensive and integrated.
Research in U.S.‐based strategies for education abroad and international student experiences
Authors: Liebschutz‐Roettger Elizabeth K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInternational education is a content area with a rich history and yet within the lens of higher education research, is relatively new to the field. While seminal works have historically informed the field, emerging research and scrutiny have led to a better understanding of the overall student experience for international students and education abroad for degree‐seeking students. In addition to learning about incoming and out‐going student experience, research is also focusing more on the abroad experience as it pertains to student identity, self‐efficacy, long‐term outcomes, and the necessity for changing historical trends. For international students, the impact of foreign policies continues to influence their experiences as they navigate their education outside of their home country. But even more than their efforts to get to the United States, developing research highlights that international students have a differentiated experience once they arrive on campus from their domestic counterparts. Emerging and future areas of research are also discussed.
Preparing faculty for internationalization: Opportunities through teaching, research, and service
Authors: Witkowsky Patricia , Gibbes Cerian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article overviews efforts, outcomes, and theoretical foundations that prepare faculty members with the knowledge, experiences, and dispositions necessary to promote internationalization and global learning in higher education. The article addresses inequities in faculty development for internationalization and provides recommendations for both faculty and institutions of higher education to promote faculty learning and development. The article focuses on faculty learning and development as it relates to internationalizing teaching, research, and service. Finally, considerations for institutional support of faculty development around internationalization are presented as well as how faculty development is impacted by a pandemic.