bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caldono, territorio para la paz. Tensiones en el primer año de implementación del acuerdo final en los resguardos indígenas que acogieron excombatientes de las FARC
Authors: Erazo Gómez Alejandra , Espitia Perez Luisa 
Published: September 2021

El artículo presenta un análisis sobre las tensiones surgidas en el municipio de Caldono (Cauca) durante el primer año de implementación del acuerdo entre el Gobierno nacional y las FARC-EP. Este municipio tiene la particularidad de ser el único donde se estableció una Zona Veredal Transitoria de Normalización en territorio étnico, en las jurisdicciones de los resguardos indígenas de Pueblo Nuevo y San Lorenzo de Caldono. Las tensiones identificadas por el Instituto de Estudios Interculturales de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Cali en ambos resguardos están relacionadas con el territorio, la dinámica económica y los procesos de reincorporación de excombatientes de las FARC-EP en el municipio. Su identificación genera reflexiones importantes para el proceso de implementación del acuerdo.

Caldono, Peace Territory. Tensions in the Indigenous Reservations Hosting former FARC members during the First Year of Implementation of the Final Agreement
Abstract: The article presents an analysis of the tensions that arose in the municipality of Caldono (Cauca, Colombia) during the first year of implementation of the Peace Agreement between the national government and the FARC-EP guerrilla. This municipality is the only one in Colombia where a Transitory Normalization Zone was established in ethnic territory, property of two indigenous reserves: Pueblo Nuevo and San Lorenzo of Caldono. The tensions, identified by the Institute of Intercultural Studies, are associated to land property, economic issues and the reincorporation process into civilian lives of farc-ep ex-combatants in the municipality. The identification of the aforementioned tensions enables important insights for the ongoing implementation process of the Peace Agreement in Colombia.
Keywords: FARC-EP; reincorporation process; indigenous reserves; social tensions associated to land.
Una aproximación a territorios en situación de conflicto armado: perspectivas desde la Economía Solidaria con un enfoque triangulado en dos municipios del Cauca (Colombia)
Authors: Solís Montenegro Malen Yudeli , Ibarra Bermúdez Miguel Andrés , Salazar Villano Fabián Enrique 
Published: September 2021

El auge de los procesos de negociación en Colombia entre el Gobierno y grupos insurgentes ha generado un amplio panorama tanto de investigación académica como de acción pública, que conlleva a la reflexión sobre las condiciones necesarias para la construcción de paz territorial en las zonas rurales del país. En tal dirección, en este documento se propone una lectura del conflicto armado desde los fundamentos y prácticas de la Economía Solidaria, y la utilización de una metodología triangulada o mixta, que incorpore las voces de los actores locales con el fin de identificar iniciativas sociales construidas de “Abajo-hacia-Arriba”, para así configurar nuevas agendas temáticas en zonas rurales como las del departamento del Cauca en Colombia, tal como se realiza aquí para dos municipios de referencia.

An approach to territories with armed conflict condition: perspectives since Solidarity Economics and triangulated approach in two municipalities of Cauca (Colombia)
Abstract: The height of negotiation processes in Colombia between the Government and insurgent groups has generated a broad outlook for academic research as well as public intervention, which lead to reflect on the needed conditions for territorial peace construction in the rural areas of the country. In this regard, the document proposes an interpretation for the armed conflict since the foundations and practices of Solidarity Economics. In addition, a triangulated methodology is applied (that incorporates voices of local actors in order to identify “Bottom-up” social initiatives), in order to set up new thematic agendas in rural areas such as those of the department of Cauca in Colombia, in the way as it is done here for two reference municipalities.
Keywords: Armed Conflict, Solidarity Economics, Territory, Rural Sector.
Etnoeducación para la autonomía: reflexión político-pedagógica sobre un proceso de formación con comunidades negras en el Cauca
Authors: Solarte Bolaños Ana María , Rentería Agustín 
Published: September 2021

Este artículo expone la caracterización de una experiencia de formación política y describe los componentes centrales de dicho proceso desde el punto de vista del contexto geográfico cultural y político, ejes temáticos, metodología y herramientas para el hacer y la transformación. El campo y lugar de ubicación fue el norte del Cauca y sur del Valle del Cauca, una región cultural compuesta por población afrocolombiana interesada en la defensa del territorio. También se construyó una reflexión político pedagógica que mostró los elementos del proceso de fortalecimiento y que giraron en torno a la autonomía territorial, a la discusión de una ruta de vida o un plan de vida como herramienta fundamental para construir un proyecto organizativo, comunitario y político autónomo, acorde a las necesidades particulares y regionales y su relación con los temas del etnodesarrollo y la pedagogía crítica.
Abstract: This articles characterizes a training experience and describes its core components, as for its cultural and geographical context, topic axes, methodology, and tools to make and transform.
Its application field was northern Cauca Department and southern Valle del Cauca Department in Colombia, which is a cultural region inhabited by Afro-Colombian people concerned about their territory and eager to defend it. This article also does some political and pedagogical reflection on the topic and shows the elements of a strengthening process carried out around territorial autonomy, discussion and planning of a way to construct an organizational, communal and politically autonomous project appropriate to particular and regional needs, and its connection to ethnodevelopment and critical pedagogy.
Keywords: afrocolombians, territorial autonomy, ethnoeducation, critical pedagogy, ethnodevelopment.
Silicon-Silver Dendritic Nanostructures Enabled Photoelectrochemical Solar Water Splitting for Energy Applications
Authors: Dadwal Uday , Singh Rajendra 
Published: September 2021

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) splitting of natural water was studied using silicon nanowires decorated with silver dendrites (dendritic nanostructures) as working electrode. A metal assisted wet chemical etching method has been used for the synthesis of dendritic heteronanostructures. Measured photocurrent density 1.7 mA/cm2 under white light illumination exhibits the efficient decomposition of natural water. The decomposition of water is primarily ascribed to the enhancement in the working electrode surface and water effective interface and the decrease in the recombination of light induced (photoexcited) carriers in the existence of silver dendritic nanostructures. Enhancement in photoinduced charge carriers separation caused due to the existence of Schottky barrier between the silicon and silver dendritic nanostructures. The light induced carriers (holes) in silicon are transferred to the metal (Ag) dendritic nanostructures that work as a charge basin to effectively carry out the oxidation reaction of water during PEC measurement. The solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency of about 4.5% was reported, indicating the efficient PEC solar water (pH 7) splitting. A cost-effective and efficient method for the PEC solar water splitting is presented in order to enhance the STH efficiency for the production of clean and renewable fuel.
Biomechanics of the Canine Elbow Joint
Authors: Rohwedder Thomas 
Published: September 2021

The canine elbow joint is a complex joint, whose musculoskeletal anatomy is well investigated. During the last 30 years kinematic analysis has gained importance in veterinary research and kinematics of the healthy and medial coronoid disease affected canine elbow joint are progressively investigated. Video-kinematographic analysis represents the most commonly used technique and multiple studies have investigated the range of motion, angular velocity, duration of swing and stance phase, stride length and other kinematic parameters, mostly in the sagittal plane only. However, this technique is more error-prone and data gained by video-kinematography represent the kinematics of the whole limb including the soft tissue envelope. A more precise evaluation of the in vivo bone and joint movement can only been achieved using fluoroscopic kinematography. Based on recent studies significant differences in the motion pattern between healthy joints and elbows with medial coronoid disease could be detected. Thereby not only adaptive changes, caused by pain and lameness, could be described, but primary changes in the micromotion of the joint forming bones could be found, which potentially represent new factors in the pathogenesis of medial coronoid disease. This chapter gives a review of current literature on elbow joint kinematics, with particular focus onto pathologic biomechanics in dysplastic canine elbows.
A contribution to the genus Afronurus Lestage, 1924 in China (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae, Ecdyonurinae)
Authors: Zhang Wei , Lei Zhi-Ming , Li Wen-Juan , Zhou Chang-Fa 
Published: September 2021

The genus Afronurus has several very common mayfly species in China and they are widely distributed in this country. Some of them are quite similar to each other in both imaginal and nymphal stages. However, these species have not been systematically compared and reviewed so far. In this study, six species are recognized. All nymphs of them share the following characters: gills V–VI with additional arrow-like accessory lobes, branched dentisetae, two rows of bristles and setae on hindtibiae and spotted abdominal terga. The males have divergent penes and clearly expressed titillators. The nymphs of the new species A. drepanophyllus sp. nov. have sickle-like gills I, spotted and striped body color, and males have unique genitalia. The nymphal stages of A. furcatus and A. hunanensis, which are associated and described for the first time, have similar body color to A. drepanophyllus sp. nov., but their pale dots on the head capsules and the shape of the hypopharynx are different. Keys to males and nymphs of the six species are provided.
CIC-NUTM1 Sarcomas Affecting the Spine
Authors: Yang Shaomin , Liu LiLi , Yan Yu , Jiang Liang , Han Songbo , Shen Danhua , Zhang Bo 
Published: September 2021

Context.—
Tumors harboring CIC-NUTM1 fusion are a newly recognized rare sarcoma, but the documented cases are still limited. It is unclear whether it is the same as classic CIC-DUX4 sarcoma in terms of its clinical, pathologic, and behavioral aspects.

Objective.—
To further explore the clinicopathologic characteristics of CIC-NUTM1 sarcoma.

Design.—
The cases were diagnosed based on immunophenotype, next-generation sequencing, and fluorescence in situ hybridization tests and compared with the reported CIC-NUTM1 sarcomas in the literature.

Results.—
Three cases of CIC-NUTM1 sarcomas involving the spine in adults were described. The tumors occurred in 2 men and 1 woman, aged 38 to 61 years. Two tumors were located in thoracic vertebrae and 1 in a cervical vertebra. All were locally advanced lesions destroying the bone and soft tissues without spinal cord involvement or metastasis. The tumors were composed of monomorphic small to medium-sized cells with round to epithelioid appearance. The architecture was lobulated and solid with diffuse or multifocal myxoid stroma. Next-generation sequencing revealed an in-frame fusion between CIC (exon 16 or 17) and NUTM1 (exon 5 or 6) in 3 cases. Fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed CIC and NUTM1 breaks, and immunohistochemistry showed NUT staining in the nucleus. The patients died of disease 8 to 15 months (mean, 10.7 months) after presentation. Of the CIC-NUTM1 sarcomas reported in the literature along with our cases (n = 11), 8 cases developed in axial bone (5 spine, 3 skull base).

Conclusions.—
CIC-NUTM1 sarcomas demonstrate distinct anatomic tropism for the axial skeleton and unfavorable behavior compared with classic CIC sarcoma.
O patriarcado como barreira no desenvolvimento do empreendedorismo feminino
Authors: Sueiro Simone Grecco Sanches 
Published: September 2021

Este artigo teve como objetivo apresentar como o patriarcado tem sido discutido na literatura de administração. Para tanto, optou-se pela realização de uma revisão sistemática da literatura com técnicas de análise de conteúdo e classificação hierárquica descendente. No total foram estudados 79 artigos provenientes da base Web Of Science, no período de 1987 a 2020. Os resultados demonstram que os artigos foram agrupados de acordo com as seguintes categorias: a) as questões do feminismo e a injustiça dos direitos das mulheres; b) as questões associadas à contextos em que evidenciam a desigualdade social e econômica, cultural e religiosa; c) as questões que abordam o conceito do feminismo e que as questões de desigualdade de gênero e d) as questões do equilíbrio da vida familiar, doméstica, religiosa e a vida profissional da mulher. Percebe-se o patriarcado como barreira no desenvolvimento da vida profissional das mulheres.
Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Activity of Commercially Important Ceylon Black Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) Grades Belonging to Different Elevations: Potential Natural Product for Type 3 Diabetes Management?
Authors: Abeysekera Walimuni Kanchana Subhashini Mendis , Ratnasooriya Wanigasekara Daya , Abeysekera Walimuni Prabhashini Kaushalya Mendis , Premakumara Galbada Arachchige Sirimal 
Published: September 2021

Aims: Sri Lankan tea which is known as the Ceylon tea is the world’s finest tea. Currently Sri Lanka remains as the second main black tea (BT) exporter and the main orthodox BT exporter in the world. Although several pharmacological activities of Ceylon tea have been reported, its anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity which has a direct relationship with the management of Alzheimer's disease or type 3 diabetes has not reported to date. Further, there are no comprehensive studies on anti-AChE activity of tea world over. Present study evaluated anti-AChE activity of commercially important Ceylon BT grades belonging to different elevations.
Methodology: Freeze dried hot water extracts of Broken Orange Pekoe Fannings (BOPF), Orange Pekoe (OP) and Dust No.1 BT grades from low, mid and high grown elevations and a Ceylon green tea sample collected from the local market were studied for anti-AChE activity using 96 well micro plate-based assay (n=3 each).
Results: Results showed that all tested Ceylon tea had anti-AChE activity with varying degrees of potentials in a dose dependent manner. The mean IC50 values of BOPF, OP and Dust No. 1 tea grades at different elevations varied from 499.61±10.95 - 569.19±5.78, 598.80±24.95 - 677.81±6.61 and 509.44±3.81 - 621.39±3.29 µg/mL respectively. Interestingly, observed anti-AChE activity of black tea showed significant differences (P< 0.05) among elevations. The order of potency of BOPF, OP and Dust No:1 BT for anti-AChE activity at different elevations was low grown>high grown=mid grown, high grown=low grown>mid grown and mid grown>low grown>high grown respectively. Anti-AChE activity of Ceylon green (433.96 ± 5.95 µg/mL) tea was significantly high (P<0.05) compared to the tested BT and activities of all Ceylon tea were moderate compared to the reference standard Galantamine (IC50:2.52±0.17 µg/mL).
Conclusion: It is concluded that selected Ceylon BT grades had varying levels of anti-AChE activity and it varied with the elevations.
Optimization of Hormone for Artificial Breeding and Seed Production of Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758) Under Captive Condition
Authors: Khan Abu Bakker Siddique , Akhter Mousumi , Bosu Aovijite , Ahmmed Shawon , Ali Md. Mohsin 
Published: September 2021

Aims: The study aimed to develop brood stock of Magur (Clarias batrachus), artificial breeding and seed production under captive condition using growth hormones in north-eastern Bangladesh.
Study Design: Fifteen pairs of brood Clarias batrachus were used in this experiment. Brood fishes were reared up to maturation for spawning operation in the farm by providing artificial diet for 4-5 months before onset of breeding season. In the present experiment, the brood fishes were induced with three growth hormones viz., Ovupin (100 mg dompridone and 0.2 mg S-GnRHa) at the rate of 1 ml.kg-1 body weight, Flash (20 mg S-GnRHa, 10 mg dompridone IP and propylene glycol) at the rate of 1 ml.kg-1 body weight and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) hormone at the rate of 2272 IU.kg-1 body weight; respectively. The broods were injected with single injection in all treatments.
Place and Duration of Study: The present study was conducted on induced spawning of Magur (Clarias batrachus) at the Reliance Aqua Farm, Boilor, Trisal of Mymensingh district from March to August, 2016.
Methodology: Sexually mature healthy, uninjured male and female fishes were collected from the broodstock ponds for induced breeding. The fishes were transferred in the clean and germ free conditioning tanks for about 6-7 hours. During conditioning, continuous splash of water was given by keeping the male and female separate. The fishes were then weighed individually and injected intramuscularly with Ovupin, Flash and HCG hormone respectively. Only females were injected at 45° angle of the caudal peduncle. About 23-24 hours of post-injection the testes from males were dissected and mixed with stripping eggs for fertilization.
Results: The incubation period for fertilized eggs were 23-24 hours for all the treatments. Fertilization rates were 78.20±0.52, 93.09±0.61 and 81.60±0.97 % and hatching rates were 54.93±0.61, 75.77±0.47 and 64.41±0.71 % in Ovupin, Flash and HCG treatments, respectively.
Conclusion: This study revealed higher fertilization (93.09 %) and hatching (75.77 %) rate was achieved with Flash hormone. Therefore, Flash hormone could be effective for the artificial breeding and seed production of Magur (Clarias batrachus).
3D Ordered Porous Hybrid of ZnSe/N‐doped Carbon with Anomalously High Na+ Mobility and Ultrathin Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Xueying , Han Zhiyuan , Yang Wenhua , Li Qiang , Li Hongsen , Xu Jie , Li Hongliang , Liu Bing , Zhao Haiguang , Li Shandong , Wang Xia , Wu Xing‐Long 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTransition metal selenides have been widely used in alkali metal ion batteries owing to their high specific capacities and low cost. However, their reaction kinetics and structural stability are usually poor during cycling, along with ambiguous differences in Li/Na/K‐storage behaviors. Herein, it is revealed that ZnSe possesses better Na+‐diffusion kinetics (including lower diffusion barrier, smaller activation energy, and higher diffusion coefficients) in comparison with Li+ and K+, as evidenced by theoretical calculations and electrochemical studies. The architectural designs of ZnSe‐based anode, including nitrogen‐doped carbon (N,C) and 3D ordered hierarchical pores (3DOHP) to form a 3DOHP ZnSe@N,C hybrid combined with regulating solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), significantly enhance Na+ reaction kinetics and accommodate volume changes. The resulting 3DOHP ZnSe@N,C electrodes exhibit outstanding rate capability and good cycling stability (241.6 mAh g−1 in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) at 10 A g−1 after 800 cycles), originating from improved electrical conductivity and shortened ion diffusion paths, accompanied by ultrathin and stable SEI with less Na2CO3/NaF in organic components and boosted Na2Se adsorption as sodiation. Moreover, the Na‐storage mechanism in 3DOHP ZnSe@N,C hybrid is further revealed by in situ studies. Accordingly, this study provides a new perspective for designing high‐performance electrode materials for SIBs.
A Dynamically Hybrid Crosslinked Elastomer for Room‐Temperature Recyclable Flexible Electronic Devices
Authors: Guo Yifan , Yang Lei , Zhang Luzhi , Chen Shuo , Sun Lijie , Gu Shijia , You Zhengwei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe rapid development of flexible electronics has resulted in serious pollution in the form of electronic waste. Accordingly, recyclability is highly desirable for these devices, but this remains a significant challenge. A dynamically hybrid crosslinked polyurethane (FPU) elastomer is designed in this study to address this challenge. Distinctive Diels–Alder adducts with suitable dissociation and reassociation dynamics are designed as crosslinking units to provide an efficient time frame for recycling. FPU is maintained in a state with a low crosslinking density after heating at 120 °C for 5 min. FPU‐based electronics can therefore be dissolved in chloroform under ambient conditions to separate the electronic components and polymers for the refabrication of new electronic devices. This is the first reported thermoset elastomer that can be completely recycled at room temperature without chemical treatment to decompose the polymer chain. The design concept is applied by demonstrating the fabrication by recycling of different FPU‐based flexible electronic devices: position sensor, flexible keyboard, and motion sensor. Furthermore, the FPU has many advantages as a material for flexible electronics in terms of its biomimetic mechanical properties, room‐temperature self‐healing, and facile processability. This study provides promising new design principles to develop materials for promoting sustainable flexible electronics.
Simultaneous Manipulation of Interfacial and Defects Polarization toward Zn/Co Phase and Ion Hybrids for Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Gao Zhenguo , Lan Di , Zhang Limin , Wu Hongjing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRational manipulation of multimetal hybrid materials (HMs) with tunable substitution or phases is evolving as an effective strategy to meet the controllable electromagnetic (EM) properties and EM wave (EMW) absorption. Herein, a new thermodynamic and kinetic cocontrol strategy is proposed to construct Zn/Co bimetal HMs with tuning ion and phase hybridization for synergistic effect on EM properties for the first time. Auxiliary chelating agent triethanolamine (TEA) dominates the phase separation by stepwise Zn/Co deposition in metal–organic frameworks, then the pyrolysis process under gradient temperature give rise to controllable ion hybridization products due to thermal motion. Benefiting from the tunable collaboration between defects polarization and interfacial polarization, the 700 °C HMs exhibit ultrahigh EM parameters and EMW absorption, of which products with no TEA deliver the effective absorbing bandwidth of 4.80 GHz (1.6 mm) and minimum reflection loss of −45.85 dB. The results indicated that synergistic effect of ion and phase hybridization can improve the defects induced “polarization centers” and coherent interfaces induced interfacial polarization. Furthermore, the comprehensive research and deep understanding on respective contribution of hybridization forms provide a precise inspiration in developing bimetal and even multimetal ferrite with tunable hybridization structure.