bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GISAXS: A versatile tool to assess structure and self‐assembly kinetics in block copolymer thin films
Authors: Smilgies Detlef‐M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOver the past two decades grazing incidence small‐angle scattering (GISAXS) has morphed into a powerful tool for the determination of the structure and self‐assembly kinetics of block copolymer thin films. An overview of the scattering process and the interpretation of GISAXS data is given and experimental requirements are discussed. The application of the technique for the characterization of block copolymer thin films is illustrated with selected examples.
Nanotube‐Boramidic Acid Derivative for Dopamine Sensing
Authors: Yigit Aybek , Pınar Pınar Talay , Akinay Yüksel , Alma Mehmet Hakkı , Menges Nurettin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA new sensor, based on boramidic acid‐bounded MWCNTs (Multi‐walled carbon nanotubes), was synthesized in three simple steps. Modification of the sensor surface was accomplished using boric acid in which the boron atom is adjacent to the NH group. Characterization, electrochemical behaviors, and stability of newly modified nanosensor were completed using SEM (scanning electron microscope), TEM (Transmission electron microscope), CV (cyclic voltammetry), EIS (electron impedance), DTA (Differential thermal analysis), and XPS (X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy). SEM and TEM analysis were confirmed the modified surface of the nanosensor. The stability of the newly synthesized sensor was also designated that the initial weight loss occurred between 50–145 °C was corresponded to the degradation of both ethylene diamine and boric acid. According to the EIS study, the Nyquist plot of the MWCNTs‐NH‐B (OH)2/GC electrode displayed a 0.435 kΩ Rct with a smaller semicircle than the bare GC (6.57 kΩ). The electrochemical behavior of dopamine was investigated using cyclic and square wave voltammetry (0.1 M phosphate buffer solution‐pH 7.4). The diffusion‐controlled process was determined when the oxidation of dopamine was studied. The detection limit of dopamine was found to be 5.1 nM. An actual sample study was done using the developed analytical method, and the detection of dopamine in urine was successfully performed. This study is the first example of boramidic acid‐modified multi‐walled carbon nanotubes
The Influence of Anomeric Configuration and Aglycone Structure on the Outcome of Acid‐Promoted Ring Contraction in 2,3‐Di‐O‐Silylated S‐Galactopyranosides
Authors: Abronina Polina I. , Zinin Alexander I. , Malysheva Nelly N. , Karpenko Maxim Y. , Kolotyrkina Natalya G. , Kononov Leonid O. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAcid‐promoted rearrangement of a series of 1‐thio‐α/β‐d‐galactopyranosides with bulky triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) or tert‐butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS) groups at both O‐2 and O‐3 and bearing various substituents at the S atom in anomeric position leading to ring contraction has been studied. The reaction rates of pyranose ring contraction in S‐galactopyranosides were found to be strongly influenced by anomeric configuration and aglycone structure. Ethyl 1‐thio‐β‐d‐galactopyranosides underwent ring contraction faster than ethyl 1‐thio‐α‐d‐thiogalactopyranosides. 1‐Thio‐β‐d‐galactopyranosides with TIPS groups bearing electron‐donating 5‐tert‐butyl‐2‐methylphenyl group in aglycone could be involved into rearrangement to furanosides under milder acidic conditions (aq TFA in CH2Cl2) than the corresponding 1‐thio‐β‐d‐galactopyranosides with phenyl or 4‐chlorophenyl groups in aglycone (anhydrous TFA in CH2Cl2). On the contrary, 1‐thio‐β‐d‐thiogalactopyranoside bearing electron‐withdrawing 4‐nitrophenyl group in aglycone did not undergo ring contraction under identical conditions.
Tunable and Nacre‐Mimetic Multifunctional Electronic Skins for Highly Stretchable Contact‐Noncontact Sensing
Authors: Zhou Kangkang , Xu Wangjiehao , Yu Yunfei , Zhai Wei , Yuan Zuqing , Dai Kun , Zheng Guoqiang , Mi Liwei , Pan Caofeng , Liu Chuntai , Shen Changyu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractElectronic skins (e‐skins) have attracted great attention for their applications in disease diagnostics, soft robots, and human–machine interaction. The integration of high sensitivity, low detection limit, large stretchability, and multiple stimulus response capacity into a single e‐skin remains an enormous challenge. Herein, inspired by the structure of nacre, an ultra‐stretchable and multifunctional e‐skin with tunable strain detection range based on nacre‐mimetic multi‐layered silver nanowires /reduced graphene oxide /thermoplastic polyurethane mats is fabricated. The e‐skin possesses extraordinary strain response performance with a tunable detection range (50 to 200% strain), an ultralow response limit (0.1% strain), a high sensitivity (gauge factor up to 1902.5), a fast response time (20 ms), and an excellent stability (stretching/releasing test of 11 000 cycles). These excellent response behaviors enable the e‐skin to accurately monitor full‐range human body motions. Additionally, the e‐skin can detect relative humidity quickly and sensitively through a reversible physical adsorption/desorption of water vapor, and the assembled e‐skin array exhibits excellent performance in noncontact sensing. The tunable and multifunctional e‐skins show promising applications in motion monitoring and contact‐noncontact human machine interaction.
Flexible Phase Change Materials for Electrically‐Tuned Active Absorbers
Authors: Wang Jia‐Nan , Xiong Bo , Peng Ru‐Wen , Li Cheng‐Yao , Hou Ben‐Qi , Chen Chao‐Wei , Liu Yu , Wang Mu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhase change materials (PCMs), such as GeSbTe (GST) alloys and vanadium dioxide (VO2), play an important role in dynamically tunable optical metadevices. However, the PCMs usually require high thermal annealing temperatures above 700 K, but most flexible metadevices can only work below 500 K owing to the thermal instability of polymer substrates. This contradiction limits the integration of PCMs into flexible metadevices. Here, a mica sheet is chosen as the chemosynthetic support for VO2 and a smooth and uniformly flexible phase change material (FPCM) is realized. Such FPCMs can withstand high temperatures while remaining mechanically flexible. As an example, a metal‐FPCM‐metal infrared meta‐absorber with mechanical flexibility and electrical tunability is demonstrated. Based on the electrically‐tuned phase transition of FPCMs, the infrared absorption of the metadevice is continuously tuned from 20% to 90% as the applied current changes, and it remains quite stable at bending states. The metadevice is bent up to 1500 times, while no visible deterioration is detected. For the first time, the FPCM metastructures are significantly added to the flexible material family, and the FPCM‐based metadevices show various application prospects in electrically‐tunable conformal metadevices, dynamic flexible photodetectors, and active wearable devices.
A Green and Scalable Synthesis of Na3Fe2(PO4)P2O7/rGO Cathode for High‐Rate and Long‐Life Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Huiming , Pan Zibing , Zhang Haotian , Dong Chongrui , Ding Yan , Cao Yuliang , Chen Zhongxue 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSodium‐ion battery has been considered as one of the most promising power sources for large‐scale energy storage systems due to its similar electrochemistry to the lithium‐ion battery and the crust abundance of Na resources. Essentially, developing low‐cost electrode materials along with a facile and economical synthesis procedure is critically important to promote the commercialization of sodium‐ion batteries. However, applicable cathode materials capable of being massively produced are still scarcely reported to date. Herein, a green and scalable synthesis approach is developed to obtain Na3Fe2(PO4)P2O7 (NFPP)/rGO composite by using FePO4 and Na3PO4 as the resources, during which all the atoms present in the starting materials end up in the product. The prepared Na3Fe2(PO4)P2O7/rGO cathode exhibits an ultralong cycle life (capacity retention of 72.4% after 8000 cycles at 20 C) and outstanding rate capability (42.4 mAh g−1 at 100 C). In particular, the NFPP/rGO‐HC full battery assembled by the Na3Fe2(PO4)P2O7/rGO cathode and hard carbon anode demonstrates an energy density of 192 Wh kg−1 and superior cycling performance (capacity retention of 85.2% after 500 cycles). These results will contribute to the development of sodium‐ion batteries from applicable Na3Fe2(PO4)P2O7/rGO cathode material.
Building clinically relevant outcomes across the Alzheimer's disease spectrum
Authors: Rentz Dorene M. , Wessels Alette M. , Annapragada Ananth V. , Berger Anna‐Karin , Edgar Chris J. , Gold Michael , Miller David S. , Randolph Christopher , Ryan J. Michael , Wunderlich Glen , Zoschg Megan Canniere , Trépel Dominic , Knopman David S. , Staffaroni Adam M. , Bain Lisa J. , Carrillo Maria C. , Weber Christopher J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDemonstrating that treatments are clinically meaningful across the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum is critical for meeting our goals of accelerating a cure by 2025. While this topic has been a focus of several Alzheimer's Association Research Roundtable (AARR) meetings, there remains no consensus as to what constitutes a “clinically meaningful outcome” in the eyes of patients, clinicians, care partners, policymakers, payers, and regulatory bodies. Furthermore, the field has not come to agreement as to what constitutes a clinically meaningful treatment effect at each stage of disease severity. The AARR meeting on November 19–20, 2019, reviewed current approaches to defining clinical meaningfulness from various perspectives including those of patients and care partners, clinicians, regulators, health economists, and public policymakers. Participants discussed approaches that may confer clinical relevance at each stage of the disease continuum and fostered discussion about what should guide us in the future.
Innovative and mission‐oriented financing of renewable energy in Sub‐Saharan Africa: A review and conceptual framework
Authors: Soumonni Ogundiran , Ojah Kalu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNotwithstanding the high levels of renewable energy resources across Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA), modern energy use based on these abundant natural resources remains negligible. Furthermore, the current electrification rates and reliability of available power supply in the region have consistently remained significantly lower than the global average over the last three decades. And of the reasons advanced for this state of affairs, the lack of appropriate financing is said to be a crucial one. Therefore, focusing on a comparative overview of the dominant approaches to financing electrification, we characterize the persistence of this regional gap as a reflection of relative “policy stasis.” We then problematize this condition of stasis by employing the theoretical perspectives of mission‐oriented finance in conjunction with those of innovative finance and renewable energy innovation. In addition, we review relevant peer‐reviewed articles over the same period, and find evidence that indicates an underappreciation of financing models that stimulate endogenous technological innovation in renewable energy in SSA. Our analysis suggests that the types of innovation, associated configurations of financial actors, levels of capital intensity, and perceived risks in relation to beneficiaries, diverge from those accounted for in the dominant financing models. Consequently, we propose a novel, historically path‐dependent conceptual framework that emerges from the intersection among the concepts of mission‐oriented finance, endogenous innovation, and innovative financing, which we term “endogenous innovative financing.” This framework ultimately guides our recommendations for more promising financing mechanisms for resolving the interwoven challenges of sustainable universal electrification and renewable energy innovation in SSA.This article is categorized under:
Energy Research & Innovation > Economics and Policy
Energy and Development > Economics and Policy
Energy and Climate > Economics and Policy
The two-loop remainder function for eight and nine particles
Authors: Golden John , McLeod Andrew J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Two-loop MHV amplitudes in planar $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetric Yang Mills theory are known to exhibit many intriguing forms of cluster-algebraic structure. We leverage this structure to upgrade the symbols of the eight- and nine-particle amplitudes to complete analytic functions. This is done by systematically projecting onto the components of these amplitudes that take different functional forms, and matching each component to an ansatz of multiple polylogarithms with negative cluster-coordinate arguments. The remaining additive constant can be determined analytically by comparing the collinear limit of each amplitude to known lower-multiplicity results. We also observe that the nonclassical part of each of these amplitudes admits a unique decomposition in terms of a specific A3 cluster polylogarithm, and explore the numerical behavior of the remainder function along lines in the positive region.
Comprehensive studies of ϒ inclusive production in Z boson decay
Authors: Sun Zhan , Zhang Hong Fei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we present a comprehensive study of ϒ inclusive production in Z boson decay, including the first complete next-to-leading-order calculations of the color-octet (CO) contributions. With the inclusion of the newly-calculated remarkable QCD corrections, the CO processes exhibit crucially phenomenological influence on the existing predictions built on the color-singlet mechanism. We also include the exhaustive evaluations of the feed-down contributions, which remained ignored in the literature, and find them to be considerable. Summing up all the contributions, the ℬZ → ϒ(nS) + X still notably undershoot the data released by the L3 Collaboration.
Towards the classification of symplectic linear quotient singularities admitting a symplectic resolution
Authors: Bellamy Gwyn , Schmitt Johannes , Thiel Ulrich 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOver the past 2 decades, there has been much progress on the classification of symplectic linear quotient singularities V/G admitting a symplectic (equivalently, crepant) resolution of singularities. The classification is almost complete but there is an infinite series of groups in dimension 4—the symplectically primitive but complex imprimitive groups—and 10 exceptional groups up to dimension 10, for which it is still open. In this paper, we treat the remaining infinite series and prove that for all but possibly 39 cases there is no symplectic resolution. We thereby reduce the classification problem to finitely many open cases. We furthermore prove non-existence of a symplectic resolution for one exceptional group, leaving $$39+9=48$$

39
+
9
=
48

open cases in total. We do not expect any of the remaining cases to admit a symplectic resolution.
Adenosine A2A receptor in schizophrenia: an in vivo brain PET imaging study
Authors: Marques Tiago Reis , Natesan Sridhar , Rabiner Eugenii A. , Searle Graham E. , Gunn Roger , Howes Oliver D. , Kapur Shitij 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAdenosine A2A receptors are highly enriched in the basal ganglia system, a region that is functionally implicated in schizophrenia. Preclinical evidence suggests a cross-regulation between adenosine A2A and dopamine D2 receptors in this region and that it is linked to the sensitization of the dopamine system. However, the relationship between A2A receptor availability and schizophrenia has not been directly examined in vivo in patients with this disorder. To investigate, using positron emission tomography (PET), the availability of A2A receptors in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia in comparison to matched healthy controls. A2A receptor availability was measured using the PET tracer [11C]SCH442416. Twelve male patients with chronic schizophrenia were compared to 13 matched healthy subjects. All patients were medicated with antipsychotics and none presented with any motor or extrapyramidal symptoms. Binding potential (BPND), a ratio measure between specific and non-specific tracer uptake, were compared between the groups for the caudate, putamen, accumbens and globus pallidum. There was no differences between A2A receptor binding potential (BPND) of schizophrenia patients in the caudate (p = 0.16), putamen (p = 0.86), accumbens (p = 0.44) and globus pallidum (p = 0.09) to that of matched healthy subjects. There was also no significant correlation between [11C]SCH442416 binding and severity of psychotic symptoms (p = 0.2 to 0.82) or antipsychotic dosage (p = 0.13 to 0.34). By showing that A2A receptor availability in medicated patients with chronic male schizophrenia is not different than in healthy controls, this study does not support the primary role of this receptor in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
Three-dimensional maps and subgroup growth
Authors: Bottinelli Rémi , Ciobanu Laura , Kolpakov Alexander 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper we derive a generating series for the number of cellular complexes known as pavings or three-dimensional maps, on n darts, thus solving an analogue of Tutte’s problem in dimension three. The generating series we derive also counts free subgroups of index n in $$\Delta ^+ = {\mathbb {Z}}_2*{\mathbb {Z}}_2*{\mathbb {Z}}_2$$

Δ
+

=

Z
2

∗

Z
2

∗

Z
2

via a simple bijection between pavings and finite index subgroups which can be deduced from the action of $$\Delta ^+$$

Δ
+

on the cosets of a given subgroup. We then show that this generating series is non-holonomic. Furthermore, we provide and study the generating series for isomorphism classes of pavings, which correspond to conjugacy classes of free subgroups of finite index in $$\Delta ^+$$

Δ
+

. Computational experiments performed with software designed by the authors provide some statistics about the topology and combinatorics of pavings on $$n\le 16$$

n
≤
16

darts.
Kinetic models for epidemic dynamics with social heterogeneity
Authors: Dimarco G. , Perthame B. , Toscani G. , Zanella M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe introduce a mathematical description of the impact of the number of daily contacts in the spread of infectious diseases by integrating an epidemiological dynamics with a kinetic modeling of population-based contacts. The kinetic description leads to study the evolution over time of Boltzmann-type equations describing the number densities of social contacts of susceptible, infected and recovered individuals, whose proportions are driven by a classical SIR-type compartmental model in epidemiology. Explicit calculations show that the spread of the disease is closely related to moments of the contact distribution. Furthermore, the kinetic model allows to clarify how a selective control can be assumed to achieve a minimal lockdown strategy by only reducing individuals undergoing a very large number of daily contacts. We conduct numerical simulations which confirm the ability of the model to describe different phenomena characteristic of the rapid spread of an epidemic. Motivated by the COVID-19 pandemic, a last part is dedicated to fit numerical solutions of the proposed model with infection data coming from different European countries.
Retinal nerve fibre layer thickness measurements in childhood glaucoma: the role of scanning laser polarimetry and optical coherence tomography
Authors: Lever Mael , Halfwassen Christian , Unterlauft Jan Darius , Bechrakis Nikolaos E. , Manthey Anke , Böhm Michael R. R. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
A central diagnostic tool in adult glaucoma is the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) thickness. It can be assessed by scanning laser polarimetry (SLP) or optical coherence tomography (OCT). However, studies investigating the relevance of pRNFL measurements in children are rare. This study aims to compare the glaucoma diagnosing ability of SLP and OCT pRNFL thickness measurements in a paediatric population.

Methods
This retrospective study included 105 children (glaucoma: 22 (21.0%); healthy glaucoma suspects: 83 (79.0%)) aged 4–18 years, examined with SLP (GDxPro/ECC, Carl Zeiss Meditec) and spectral-domain OCT (SPECTRALIS®, Heidelberg Engineering). The thickness of pRNFL sectors was compared between diseased and healthy participants. Areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curves (AUC) and logistic regression results were used to compare the glaucoma discriminative capacity between SLP and OCT measurements.

Results
Using OCT, pRNFL thickness was decreased in the superior, nasal, and inferior quadrants of glaucoma patients compared to healthy controls (P < 0.001, each). With SLP, such a difference was only observed in the inferior quadrant (P = 0.011). A correlation between glaucoma diagnosis and OCT-measured pRNFL thickness was found in all quadrants (P < 0.001) other than the temporal. With SLP, a correlation was found for the total average thickness (P = 0.037) and inferior quadrant (P = 0.0019). Finally, the AUCs of OCT measurements were markedly higher than those of SLP (e.g., inferior quadrant: OCT 0.83, SLP 0.68).

Conclusion
pRNFL thickness measurements using both OCT and SLP, correlate notably with the presence of glaucoma. In general, the diagnostic performance of pRNFL thickness measurements seems higher for OCT than for SLP. Thus, pRNFL thickness measurements could provide important information, complementing conventional clinical and functional parameters in the diagnostic process of paediatric glaucoma.
Evolution and diversity of the angiosperm anther: trends in function and development
Authors: Åstrand Johanna , Knight Christopher , Robson Jordan , Talle Behzad , Wilson Zoe A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Key message
Anther development and dehiscence is considered from an evolutionary perspective to identify drivers for differentiation, functional conservation and to identify key questions for future male reproduction research.

Abstract
Development of viable pollen and its timely release from the anther are essential for fertilisation of angiosperm flowers. The formation and subsequent dehiscence of the anther are under tight regulatory control, and these processes are remarkably conserved throughout the diverse families of the angiosperm clade. Anther development is a complex process, which requires timely formation and communication between the multiple somatic anther cell layers (the epidermis, endothecium, middle layer and tapetum) and the developing pollen. These layers go through regulated development and selective degeneration to facilitate the formation and ultimate release of the pollen grains. Insight into the evolution and divergence of anther development and dehiscence, especially between monocots and dicots, is driving greater understanding of the male reproductive process and increased, resilient crop yields. This review focuses on anther structure from an evolutionary perspective by highlighting their diversity across plant species. We summarise new findings that illustrate the complexities of anther development and evaluate how they challenge established models of anther form and function, and how they may help to deliver future sustainable crop yields.