bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mekanisme Pembebasan Lahan Berdasarkan Hukum Agraria Indonesia (Studi Kasus Ibu Kota Nusantara)
Authors: Amalia choirinnisa Shafa 
Published: December 2024

Lahan yang dibutuhkan untuk pembangunan semakin lama semakin meningkat. Perolehan lahan dari pemegang hak atas tanah dilaksanakan sebagaimana Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1960. Penyediaan tanah tidak terlepas dari mekanisme pembebasan lahan karena terdapat wilayah-wilayah yang mulanya tidak langsung tersedia sebagai wilayah yang akan dilakukan pembangunan. Pembebasan dan pencabutan hak atas tanah merupakan suatu sarana yang diselenggarakan oleh pemerintah untuk mengambil hak atas tanah warga negara demi kepentingan umum, yang di dalamnya terdapat kepentingan bersama rakyat, kepentingan bangsa dan negara, serta kepentingan pembangunan. Pelepasan kawasan hutan untuk kepentingan umum termasuk IKN berdasarkan ketentuan Peraturan Presiden Nomor 65 Tahun 2022 yang dikelola oleh Badan Otorita IKN. Penulis menggunakan bentuk penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan.
Chapter 15: Learning, relearning and unlearning
Authors: Menya-Olendo Rosemary Akinyi , Mawang Lucy 
Published: December 2024

Chapter 15, "Learning, Unlearning, and Relearning (LUR)," explores these three interconnected concepts as essential for adapting to the rapid changes of the 21st century. Learning is defined as the continuous acquisition of skills relevant to personal and professional growth. Unlearning involves discarding outdated knowledge and assumptions to make way for new insights while relearning builds upon previous experiences, updating understanding as situations evolve. The chapter highlights LUR as a strategy for addressing knowledge gaps and fostering lifelong learning. It discusses principles for creating a productive LUR environment, emphasising engagement, reflection, and feedback. Techniques such as self-directed learning, critical questioning, and collaborative experiences encourage adaptability. Advantages include enhanced critical thinking, resilience, and professional development, although challenges, such as attachment to old knowledge and time constraints, are noted. Case studies illustrate practical applications, demonstrating LUR’s impact on personal growth and professional adaptation. The chapter concludes by advocating LUR as a vital tool for educators and learners to remain relevant and effective in a dynamic world.
UNCOVER: Candidate Red Active Galactic Nuclei at 3 < z < 7 with JWST and ALMA
Authors: Labbe Ivo , Greene Jenny E. , Bezanson Rachel , Fujimoto Seiji , Furtak Lukas J. , Goulding Andy D. , Matthee Jorryt , Naidu Rohan P. , Oesch Pascal A. , Atek Hakim , Brammer Gabriel , Chemerynska Iryna , Coe Dan , Cutler Sam E. , Dayal Pratika , Feldmann Robert , Franx Marijn , Glazebrook Karl , Leja Joel , Maseda Michael , Marchesini Danilo , Nanayakkara Themiya , Nelson Erica J. , Pan Richard , Papovich Casey , Price Sedona H. , Suess Katherine A. , Wang 王 Bingjie 冰洁 , Weaver John R. , Whitaker Katherine E. , Williams Christina C. , Zitrin Adi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is revolutionizing our knowledge of z > 5 galaxies and their actively accreting black holes. Using the JWST Cycle 1 Treasury program Ultradeep NIRSpec and NIRCam Observations before the Epoch of Reionization (UNCOVER) in the lensing field A2744, we report the identification of a sample of little red dots at 3 < z
phot < 7 that likely contain highly reddened accreting supermassive black holes. Using a NIRCam-only selection to F444W < 27.7 mag, we find 26 sources over the ∼45 arcmin2 field that are blue in F115W − F200W ∼ 0 (or β
UV ∼ –2.0 for f

λ
∝ λ

β
), red in F200W − F444W = 1−4 (β
opt ∼ +2.0), and are dominated by a point-source-like central component. Of the 20 sources with deep Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) 1.2 mm coverage, none are detected individually or in a stack. For the majority of the sample, spectral energy distribution fits to the JWST+ALMA observations prefer models with hot dust rather than obscured star formation to reproduce the red NIRCam colors and ALMA 1.2 mm nondetections. While compact dusty star formation cannot be ruled out, the combination of extremely small sizes (〈r

e
〉 ≈ 50 pc after correction for magnification), red rest-frame optical slopes, and hot dust can be explained by reddened broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Our targets have faint M
1450 ≈ −14 to −18 mag but inferred bolometric luminosities of L
bol = 1043–1046 erg s−1, reflecting their obscured nature. If the candidates are confirmed as AGNs with upcoming UNCOVER spectroscopy, then we have found an abundant population of reddened luminous AGNs that are at least ten times more numerous than UV-luminous AGNs at the same intrinsic bolometric luminosity.
Warped Accretion Disks and Quasars with Episodic Periodicity of Long-term Variations
Authors: Peng Yue-Chang , Wang Jian-Min , Du Pu , Zhai Shuo , Li Yan-Rong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
It has been found from long-term monitoring campaigns that some quasars are undergoing quasiperiodic variations (most of them with damped amplitudes) in optical bands, but how to explain the origin of such light-curve variations still remains an open question. In this paper, we use the warped accretion disks model to explain the quasiperiodical variations. This model employs a free-bending wave traveling in an accretion disk, which causes the orientation of the central part of the disk to oscillate from the line of sight, resulting in a quasiperiodical variation. We numerically solve the governing equation of warp propagation and calculate the simulated R-band light curves, finding that the periodical light curves generated by this model have damped amplitudes. To compare with observations, we select SDSSJ134820.42+194831.5 as a preliminary example from a sample of periodic quasar candidates by combining CRTS with other public survey data and fitting its light curve with different observational angles. Our result gives a reduced χ
2 ≃ 2.4, implying that the model might give insights into the future application of the warped disk model.
First Calculations of Starspot Spectra Based on 3D Radiative Magnetohydrodynamics Simulations
Authors: Smitha H. N. , Shapiro Alexander I. , Witzke Veronika , Kostogryz Nadiia M. , Unruh Yvonne C. , Bhatia Tanayveer S. , Cameron Robert , Seager Sara , Solanki Sami K. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Accurate calculations of starspot spectra are essential for multiple applications in astronomy. The current standard is to represent starspot spectra by spectra of stars that are cooler than the quiet star regions. This implies approximating a starspot as a nonmagnetic 1D structure in radiative–convective equilibrium, parametrizing convective energy transport by mixing-length theory. It is the inhibition of convection by the starspot magnetic field that is emulated by using a lower spot temperature relative to the quiet stellar regions. Here, we take a different approach, avoiding the approximate treatment of convection and instead self-consistently accounting for the interaction between matter, radiation, and the magnetic field. We simulate spots on G2V, K0V, and M0V stars with the 3D radiative magnetohydrodynamics code MURaM and calculate spectra (R ≈ 500 from 250 to 6000 nm) using ray-by-ray radiative transfer with the MPS-ATLAS code. We find that the 1D models fail to return accurate umbral and penumbral spectra on K0V and M0V stars, where convective and radiative transfer of energy is simultaneously important over a broad range of atmospheric heights, rendering mixing-length theory inaccurate. However, 1D models work well for G2V stars, where both radiation and convection significantly contribute to energy transfer only in a narrow region near the stellar surface. Quantitatively, the 1D approximation leads to errors longward of 500 nm of about 50% for both umbral and penumbral flux contrast relative to quiet star regions on M0V stars and less than 2% (for umbrae) and 10% (for penumbrae) for G2V stars.
The CIViL* Survey: The Discovery of a C iv Dichotomy in the Circumgalactic Medium of L* Galaxies
Authors: Garza Samantha L. , Werk Jessica K. , Berg Trystyn A. M. , Faerman Yakov , Oppenheimer Benjamin D. , Bordoloi Rongmon , Ellison Sara L. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates C iv absorption in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of L⋆ galaxies and its relationship with galaxy star formation rates. We present new observations from the C iv in L⋆ galaxies survey (PID#17076) using the Hubble Space Telescope/Cosmic Origins Spectrograph. By combining these measurements with archival C iv data (46 observations total), we estimate detection fractions for star-forming (sSFR > 10−11 yr−1) and passive galaxies (sSFR ≤ 10−11 yr−1 ) to be 72

−
18

+
14

% [21/29] and 23

−
15

+
27

% [3/13], respectively. This indicates a significant dichotomy in C iv presence between L⋆ star-forming and passive galaxies, with over 99% confidence. This finding aligns with J. Tumlinson et al., which noted a similar dichotomy in O vi absorption. Our results imply a substantial carbon reservoir in the CGM of L⋆ galaxies, suggesting a minimum carbon mass of ≳3.03 × 106
M
⊙ out to 120 kpc. Together, these findings highlight a strong connection between star formation in galaxies and the state of their CGM, providing insight into the mechanisms governing galaxy evolution.
Termination Shock Particle Streaming Upstream at New Horizons
Authors: Powell Erick , Opher Merav , Bair Ethan , Hill Matthew , Nikoukar Romina , Giacalone Joe , Dialynas Konstantinos , Richardson John D. , Brandt Pontus C. , Singer Kelsi N. , Stern S. Alan , Provornikova Elena , Verbiscer Anne J. , Poppe Andrew R. , Parker Joel Wm. ,   New Horizons Heliospheric Team
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A couple years before Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 (V2) crossed the termination shock (TS), instruments on board both spacecraft observed high intensities of accelerated termination shock particles (TSPs) beaming in opposite directions. This phenomenon was explained by magnetic field lines connecting the spacecraft to the TS prior to the crossings. The opposite streaming of TSPs is due to an east–west asymmetry of the TS caused by the interstellar magnetic field building up on the outside of the heliopause. Here, we examine the magnetic connectivity for New Horizons (NH) ahead of the TS with a global MHD model with steady solar wind conditions. Our model predicts that NH will observe particles streaming in the same direction as V2 (+T direction in the RTN coordinate system), 1.0 ± 0.7 au from the TS. We then estimate the average speed of the TS during the V2 TS crossing to be 2.5 au yr−1 outward, based on the timing and distance of the TS at the onset of the TSP observations and the crossing itself. Using this speed, we find that NH will have a 0.2 yr warning prior to crossing the TS if the TS is moving inward at the time of the crossing and a 2.4 yr warning if the TS is moving outward.
Three-dimensional Global Hybrid Simulation of Magnetosheath Jets at Mercury
Authors: Guo Jin , Lu San , Lu Quanming , Ren Junyi , Ma Jiuqi , Slavin James A. , Sun Weijie , Zhong Jun , Gao Xinliang , Hajra Rajkumar , Wang Rongsheng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Plasma high-speed jets are common in Earth’s magnetosheath, and they significantly perturb the magnetosheath and affect the magnetosphere. The space environment of Mercury, characterized by the bow shock, magnetosheath, and magnetosphere, shares many similarities with that of Earth, so high-speed jets may also be formed in Mercury’s magnetosheath. Here we examine the formation of magnetosheath jets using a three-dimensional global hybrid simulation. The simulation results demonstrate that magnetosheath jets may be formed by the passage of upstream compressive structures through the bow shock. The number and size of the jets are significantly smaller than those at Earth because of Mercury’s smaller magnetosphere size. Under the impact of magnetosheath jets, Mercury’s magnetopause undergoes significant deformation up to

0.19

R

M

(

R

M

is Mercury’s radius). These simulation results are expected to be tested by the BepiColombo mission.
Limiting Rotation Rate of Neutron Stars from Crust Breaking and Gravitational Waves
Authors: Morales J. A. , Horowitz C. J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Neutron stars are not observed to spin faster than about half their breakup rate. This limiting rotational frequency may be related to the strength of their crusts. As a star spins up from accretion, centrifugal forces stress the crust. We perform finite-element simulations of rotating neutron stars and find that the crust fails at rotation rates about half the breakup rate. Given uncertainties in microphysics, we have not determined the crust configuration after this failure. Instead, we argue that the crust may fail in an asymmetric way and could produce a configuration with a significant ellipticity (fractional difference in moments of inertia). If the ellipticity is large, a rotating star will radiate gravitational waves that may limit further spin-up. These stars may be promising sources for LIGO/VIRGO and next-generation gravitational-wave detectors.
Arhitektura kranjskih in štajerskih »Nemcev« v luči umetnostnih povezav s češkimi deželami
Authors: Lazarini Franci 
Published: December 2024

Prispevek obravnava izbrana arhitekturna naročila nemško govoreče skupnosti na Kranjskem in Štajerskem na prehodu 19. v 20. stoletje. Osredotoča se na izbrane primere javnih stavb, in sicer nemške hiše (družabna središča nemške skupnosti), gledališča in evangeličanske verske objekte, pri čemer je izpostavljena tudi propagandna vloga omenjenih objektov. Poseben poudarek pa je namenjen umetnostnim povezavam z nemško skupnostjo v čeških deželah (zlasti na Moravskem in v Sudetih), ki se kaže tako v zgledovanju po tamkajšnjih zgradbah kot v delovanju istih arhitektov.
Utrjevanje meščanstva na Slovenskem konec 19. in v začetku 20. stoletja ob primeru družine Oblak z Vrhnike
Authors: Vodopivec Barbara 
Published: December 2024

Prispevek na primeru družine Oblak z Vrhnike osvetljuje določene elemente utrjevanja meščanstva na Slovenskem konec 19. in v začetku 20. stoletja, kot so gimnazijska in univerzitetna izobrazba, ustrezna zaposlitev, življenjski slog in medsebojne sorodstvene povezave. Pri tem še posebej izpostavlja življenjsko pot sodnika Augustina Oblaka (1867–1935). Na ta način prispevek poglablja razumevanje sloja, ki je sooblikoval urbanistično, arhitekturno in umetnostno podobo takratnega prostora. Družina Oblak je bila sorodstveno povezana z močnimi družinami na Vrhniki, v Logatcu in Škofji Loki, kar omogoča vpogled v življenje meščanstva na prelomu stoletja ne le v središčih, kot je bila Ljubljana, ampak tudi v manjših krajih na Slovenskem. Vidne osebnosti gospodarskega, intelektualnega, kulturnega in družbenopolitičnega življenja iz teh družin so prispevale tudi k umetnostnemu naročništvu, kar je v prispevku, v katerem se prepletata pristopa biografskega raziskovanja in zgodovinopisja, ilustrirano z izbranimi primeri.
Impact of Sleep Loss in Residency – A Reflection
Authors: Kim Grace E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Sleep is one of the most fundamental aspects of human life, attributed as one of the most vital aspects for the overall fitness, including cell repair, thermoregulation, immune function, energy conservation, and memory. Moreover, yet millions of people worldwide are increasingly getting less than the recommended 7–9 h of sleep every night, which in effect results in detrimental effects in one’s memory, physical health, and emotional stability. Healthcare workers have the second highest percentage of sleep deprivation at 45% while the importance of sleep is heavily emphasized during medical training, there still seems to be a gap with the way residents’ duty hours are allocated given the work hour limit goes up to 28 h per shift. This paper discusses resident duty hours from a perspective from a former resident.
Cataract surgical coverage in Indian population aged 50 years and above
Authors: Vashist Praveen , Sarath S , Gupta Vivek , Gupta Noopur , Senjam Suraj S , Shukla Pallavi , Grover Sumit , Shamanna B R , Vemparala Rajshekhar , Wadhwani Meenakshi , Bhardwaj Amit , Titiyal Jeewan S 
Published: December 2024

Objectives:
The objectives of the study were to obtain the current estimates of cataract surgical coverage (CSC) at varying thresholds of vision and gender variations across districts in diverse Indian populations aged ≥50 years.

Methods:
Data collected from the national blindness survey from 31 Indian districts between 2015 and 2019 were analyzed. CSC at varying thresholds of presenting visual acuity <3/60, <6/60, and <6/18 were estimated along with gender variations across districts in population ≥50 years of age.

Results:
The survey coverage was 93.5%, with 85,135 participants examined. The overall CSC at best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) <3/60, <6/60, and <6/18 in the Indian population was 93.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 91.5–94.7), 88.9% (95% CI: 86.5–90.9), and 72.6% (95% CI: 69.1–75.9), respectively. CSC was highest in the north and lowest in the northeast administrative zone at all BCVA cut-offs. Khera district had the highest CSC at BCVA <3/60 (99.1%) and <6/60 (97.9%), whereas Kapurthala district had the highest CSC at <6/18 (88%). Nalbari district had the lowest CSC at BCVA <3/60 (78%) and <6/60 (70.2%), and Nayagarh had the lowest CSC at <6/18 (45.6%). Overall, males had higher CSC than females. Gender variation was highest in Thoubal at BCVA <3/60 (18.7%) and <6/60 (19.2%). At BCVA <6/18, gender variation was highest in Thrissur (15.9%), with males (85.5%) found to have 15.9% higher CSC than females (69.6%).

Conclusions:
CSC improved for 3/60 and 6/60 cut-offs, but remained low for 6/18 BCVA cut-off in India, with district- and gender-based inequities that need health system interventions.
Postoperative corneal remodeling after corneal allograft intrastromal ring segment (CAIRS) implantation for keratoconus: An OCT study
Authors: Yakut Burcu , Tanriverdi Cafer , Keskin Perk Fatma Feyza Nur , Nacaroglu Senay Asik , Altinbas Munise , Kilic Aylin 
Published: December 2024

Objectives:
To demonstrate corneal remodeling after corneal allograft intrastromal ring segment (CAIRS) with an anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

Design:
A prospective observational single-center study.

Methods:
This observational study included keratoconus patients who underwent CAIRS implantation into a stromal tunnel. Topographical, refractive, and visual changes were obtained from the patient records. Epithelial thickness (ET), anterior stromal thickness (AST), allograft corneal ring thickness (ACRT), and posterior stromal thickness (PST) were measured on the first day and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively using AS-OCT.

Results:
The study included 35 eyes of 27 patients with advanced keratoconus. The mean keratometry decreased from 48.26 ± 4.78 D to 44.50 ± 4.42 D at 1-year postoperatively (P = 0.004), mean corrected distance visual acuity increased from 0.29 ± 0.18 to 0.70 ± 0.24 (P < 0.001), and spherical equivalent (SE) decreased from −6.94 ± 4.32 D to −1.44 ± 4.44 D (P < 0.001). The mean AST decreased by 17.39 ± 5.78 µm in the postoperative 1st month compared to 1st day after surgery (P = 0.040). No statistically significant variations were observed in AST after the first month. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean ET, ACRT, and PST measurements between follow-up times. Significant negative correlations were found between SE change and ET (r = −0.543, P = 0.023) and between K1 change and ACRT (r = −0.548, P = 0.008).

Conclusion:
CAIRS is an effective treatment method to improve visual acuity and keratometry measurements and does not cause significant changes in graft thickness or recipient corneal epithelial and stromal thicknesses during the 1-year follow-up period. The observed correlations between SE, keratometry, and corneal thickness suggest that epithelial and stromal remodeling play crucial roles in postoperative outcomes of CAIRS.
Comparison of peripapillary and macular Optical Coherence Tomography parameters between children and young adults
Authors: Warjri Gazella B , Rao Harsha L , Sachdeva Virender , Senthil Sirisha 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
To compare the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness, central subfield thickness (CSFT), and parafoveal and perifoveal thickness in children of different age groups with young adult controls by using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study included children aged 6–17 years and adult controls (18–22 years) – group 1: 6–9 years (57 eyes), group 2: 10–13 years (116 eyes), group 3: 14–17 years (66 eyes), and group 4 (controls): 18–22 years (61 eyes). A mixed-effects model was used to compare the OCT parameters among the groups, along with multivariable analysis.

Results:
Analysis of 300 eyes of 152 patients was done. Group 2 (99.7 ± 1.1 μm, P = 0.03) and group 3 (100.4 ± 1.5 μm, P = 0.03) had thicker RNFL on average as compared to group 4 (95.6 ± 1.6 μm) on multivariable analysis. In pairwise comparison, group 2 (129.8 ± 2.5 μm, P = 0.02) and group 3 (132.6 ± 2.4 μm, P = 0.004) had thicker inferior RNFL compared to adult controls (122.4 ± 2.5 μm); superior RNFL was thicker in group 2 (129.6 ± 2.0 μm, P = 0.01) and group 3 (131.2 ± 2.6 μm, P = 0.008) compared to group 1 (120.9 ± 2.8 μm). On multivariable analysis, adult controls had thicker CSFT (236.5 ± 2.6 μm) than group 1 (222.7 ± 3.1 μm) and group 2 (229.6 ± 2.3 μm). Similarly, on pairwise comparison, adult controls had thicker parafoveal superior quadrants (320.5 ± 2.5 μm) and inferior quadrants (317.5 ± 2.3 μm) when compared with groups 1 and 2.

Conclusion:
RNFL thickness seems to increase up to 17 years and then starts reducing, unlike CSFT, which increases with age from 6 to 22 years. A differential growth occurs in the different quadrants of RNFL and macula with age with some quadrants increasing in thickness as compared to the others.
Neonatal Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score (nSOFA) as a mortality predictor in late-onset neonatal sepsis
Authors: Mohamed Maha Hassan , Mohamed Fatma Thabet , Shinkar Dina Mohamed 
Published: December 2024

Background
Neonatal sepsis is a main challenge that neonatologists usually face in the neonatal intensive care unit. We aimed to investigate the ability of the Neonatal Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (nSOFA) score to predict mortality in neonates admitted with late-onset sepsis (LOS).

Methods
Seventy neonates with LOS were included in the study. A complete blood count, C-reactive protein test, blood culture, and sensitivity were conducted on all babies. All neonates were monitored for their need for mechanical ventilation, oxygen requirements, the need for inotropics and corticosteroids, as well as thrombocytopenia and its degree. All neonates were followed up by the application of the nSOFA score. The nSOFA score was recorded at the onset of signs of sepsis and after 24, 48, and 72 hours.

Results
The study included 70 infants with LOS, with a median gestational age of 35.5 weeks and a median birth weight of 2.6 kg; 19 infants (27.1%) died. The median total nSOFA score was significantly higher in nonsurvivors compared to survivors on all evaluation days (P < 0.001). Each of the three components of the nSOFA score was individually higher in nonsurvivors on all days of evaluation, with a progressive increase over time. There was no significant difference in nSOFA scores between neonates with gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. The receiver operating characteristic curve shows that the nSOFA score at presentation has a sensitivity of 84.21 and a specificity of 80.39 for predicting mortality in neonates with LOS at a cutoff point of >6.

Conclusion
We concluded that nSOFA can be a feasible tool that can help in predicting mortality in neonates with LOS. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate the use of nSOFA in predicting mortality and other adverse outcomes.