bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving waste activated sludge dewaterability with sodium periodate pre‐oxidation on extracellular polymeric substances
Authors: Lan Bingbing , Jin Ruofei , Liu Guangfei , Dong Bin , Zhou Jiti , Xing Defeng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe efficiency of sludge dewatering is affected by the structure and composition of hydrated extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Degrading EPS can improve the sludge dewatering performance. As an oxidizing agent, sodium periodate (NaIO4) has ability to oxidize organics, which is expected to decompose the protein and polysaccharide in EPS and improve the efficiency of sludge dewaterability. This study adopted NaIO4, for the first time, as an advanced oxidation agent to regulate EPS of waste activated sludge and was combined with anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) as a flocculant to subsequently enhance sludge dewatering. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optimal conditions of pH, NaIO4, and APAM. The results showed that the composite conditioner's specific resistance of filtration (SRF) and the water content of the vacuum‐filtered cake (Wc) were highly enhanced compared with those of the raw sludge (RS) under pH 6.5, a NaIO4 concentration of 50 mg/g dry solids (DS), and an APAM concentration of 5 mg/g DS. Owing to the pre‐oxidation achieved by NaIO4 under a mildly acid environment, sludge flocs were broken. Subsequently, chemical coagulation (APAM) agglomerated the smaller particles into larger flocs of sludge by adsorption and bridging, thus improving sludge dewaterability.Practitioner points

A novel conditioner, pH/NaIO4/APAM, was explored for sludge dewatering.
IO3• and HO• oxidized extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).
Degradation of the protein content of EPS released bound water.
Highly enhanced sludge dewaterability was achieved under optimal conditions.
Tracing the Jahn‐Teller Distortion of C60n− in Isostructural Fullerides [M(NH3)7]C60 ⋅ NH3, M=Ba, Sr, K
Authors: Daniels Jörg , Weigend Florian , Jansen Martin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSingle crystals of new [Sr(NH3)7]C60 ⋅ NH3 (compound 1) and [K(NH3)7]C60 ⋅ NH3 (compound 2) were prepared by extracting mixtures of potassium and C60 with liquid ammonia, where for the synthesis of 1 solid strontium chloride was added to the extraction mixture. The procedure applied relies on self‐contained continuous evaporation and condensation of ammonia at subcritical conditions in a special, sealed glass vessel, at room temperature (RT). According to single crystal structure analyses on data collected at 123 K, both, 1 and 2, are isostructural with [Ba(NH3)7]C60 ⋅ NH3 (compound 3). The structure determinations suffer either from systematic twinning (3), or positional disorder for 1 and 2. Crystals of 3, grown and handled throughout at low temperature (123 K), developed large enough twin domains such that an inversion twin type refinement in space group R3m converged properly. For 1 and 2, the crystals of which were grown at RT and subsequently cooled for data collection, refinements of the same structure model were only possible in R‐3m while applying split atom positions. For 1 and 3 the accuracy achieved was sufficient to extract a particular bonding distortion pattern for (C60)2−, which is lifting the degeneracy of the HOMO according to the Jahn‐Teller theorem. Independent quantum chemical calculations are lending convincing support to the experimental findings.
A dynamical mechanism for the Page curve from quantum chaos
Authors: Liu Hong , Vardhan Shreya 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
If the evaporation of a black hole formed from a pure state is unitary, the entanglement entropy of the Hawking radiation should follow the Page curve, increasing from zero until near the halfway point of the evaporation, and then decreasing back to zero. The general argument for the Page curve is based on the assumption that the quantum state of the black hole plus radiation during the evaporation process is typical. In this paper, we show that the Page curve can result from a simple dynamical input in the evolution of the black hole, based on a recently proposed signature of quantum chaos, without resorting to typicality. Our argument is based on what we refer to as the “operator gas” approach, which allows one to understand the evolution of the microstate of the black hole from generic features of the Heisenberg evolution of operators. One key feature which leads to the Page curve is the possibility of dynamical processes where operators in the “gas” can “jump” outside the black hole, which we refer to as void formation processes. Such processes are initially exponentially suppressed, but dominate after a certain time scale, which can be used as a dynamical definition of the Page time. In the Hayden-Preskill protocol for young and old black holes, we show that void formation is also responsible for the transfer of information from the black hole to the radiation. We conjecture that void formation may provide a microscopic explanation for the recent semi-classical prescription of including islands in the calculation of the entanglement entropy of the radiation.
Minimal Froggatt-Nielsen textures
Authors: Fedele Marco , Mastroddi Alessio , Valli Mauro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe flavour problem of the Standard Model can be addressed through the Froggatt-Nielsen (FN) mechanism. In this work, we develop an approach to the study of FN textures building a direct link between FN-charge assignments and the measured masses and mixing angles via unitary transformations in flavour space. We specifically focus on the quark sector to identify the most economic FN models able to provide a dynamical and natural understanding of the flavour puzzle. Remarkably, we find viable FN textures, involving charges under the horizontal symmetry that do not exceed one in absolute value (in units of the flavon charge). Within our approach, we also explore the degree of tuning of FN models in solving the flavour problem via a measure analogous to the Barbieri-Giudice one. We find that most of the solutions do not involve peculiar cancellations in flavour space.
Breeding progress of disease resistance and impact of disease severity under natural infections in winter wheat variety trials
Authors: Laidig F. , Feike T. , Hadasch S. , Rentel D. , Klocke B. , Miedaner T. , Piepho H. P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractKey messageBreeding progress of resistance to fungal wheat diseases and impact of disease severity on yield reduction in long-term variety trials under natural infection were estimated by mixed linear regression models.AbstractThis study aimed at quantifying breeding progress achieved in resistance breeding towards varieties with higher yield and lower susceptibility for 6 major diseases, as well as estimating decreasing yields and increasing disease susceptibility of varieties due to ageing effects during the period 1983–2019. A further aim was the prediction of disease-related yield reductions during 2005–2019 by mixed linear regression models using disease severity scores as covariates. For yield and all diseases, overall progress of the fully treated intensity (I2) was considerably higher than for the intensity without fungicides and growth regulators (I1). The disease severity level was considerably reduced during the study period for mildew (MLD), tan spot (DTR) and Septoria nodorum blotch (ear) (SNB) and to a lesser extent for brown (leaf) rust (BNR) and Septoria tritici blotch (STB), however, not for yellow/stripe rust (YLR). Ageing effects increased susceptibility of varieties strongly for BNR and MLD, but were comparatively weak for SNB and DTR. Considerable yield reductions under high disease severity were predicted for STB (−6.6%), BNR (−6.5%) and yellow rust (YLR, −5.8%), but lower reductions for the other diseases. The reduction for resistant vs. highly susceptible varieties under high severity conditions was about halved for BNR and YLR, providing evidence of resistance breeding progress. The empirical evidence on the functional relations between disease severity, variety susceptibility and yield reductions based on a large-scale multiple-disease field trial data set in German winter wheat is an important contribution to the ongoing discussion on fungicide use and its environmental impact.
Climate change will influence disease resistance breeding in wheat in Northwestern Europe
Authors: Miedaner Thomas , Juroszek Peter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWheat productivity is threatened by global climate change. In several parts of NW Europe it will get warmer and dryer during the main crop growing period. The resulting likely lower realized on-farm crop yields must be kept by breeding for resistance against already existing and emerging diseases among other measures. Multi-disease resistance will get especially crucial. In this review, we focus on disease resistance breeding approaches in wheat, especially related to rust diseases and Fusarium head blight, because simulation studies of potential future disease risk have shown that these diseases will be increasingly relevant in the future. The long-term changes in disease occurrence must inevitably lead to adjustments of future resistance breeding strategies, whereby stability and durability of disease resistance under heat and water stress will be important in the future. In general, it would be important to focus on non-temperature sensitive resistance genes/QTLs. To conclude, research on the effects of heat and drought stress on disease resistance reactions must be given special attention in the future.
Comparison of geometrical accuracy of active devices for 3D orthopaedic reconstructions
Authors: Redaelli Davide Felice , Barsanti Sara Gonizzi , Biffi Emilia , Storm Fabio Alexander , Colombo Giorgio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe use of 3D digitizing tools is becoming the base for subject-specific products, such as the orthopaedic production process of orthoses and prostheses. This paper aims at comparing the metrological behaviour of low-cost devices (Kinect 1 and 2 by Microsoft, Structure Sensor by Occipital) and high-resolution active sensors (O&P Scan by Rodin4D, NextEngine Ultra HD, Konica Minolta Vivid 9i, GOM ATOS II 400 and Artec Leo) for the survey of human body parts. A calibrated flat plane and a test-field composed of eight calibrated spheres of different radii and placed at different heights were used to evaluate the standard quality parameters (flatness, probing errors in form and size and the standard deviation) for each device as recommended by the VDI/VDE 2634 guidelines. Subsequently, three different parts of a mannequin were surveyed as samples of human body parts. The results demonstrated the higher accuracy of fixed devices with respect to handheld ones, among which Artec Leo and Structure Sensor provided a satisfying level of accuracy for the orthopaedic application. Moreover, the handheld devices enabled performing a fast reconstruction of the mannequin parts in about 20 s, which is acceptable for a person that has to remain as still as possible. For this reason, the Structure Sensor was further tested with five motion approaches which identified that smooth motion provides the lowest deviation and higher reliability. The work demonstrated the appropriateness of handheld devices for the orthopaedic application requirements in terms of speed, accuracy and costs.
Reduced-bias estimation of spatial autoregressive models with incompletely geocoded data
Authors: Santi Flavio , Dickson Maria Michela , Giuliani Diego , Arbia Giuseppe , Espa Giuseppe 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe application of spatial Cliff–Ord models requires information about spatial coordinates of statistical units to be reliable, which is usually the case in the context of areal data. With micro-geographic point-level data, however, such information is inevitably affected by locational errors, that can be generated intentionally by the data producer for privacy protection or can be due to inaccuracy of the geocoding procedures. This unfortunate circumstance can potentially limit the use of the spatial autoregressive modelling framework for the analysis of micro data, as the presence of locational errors may have a non-negligible impact on the estimates of model parameters. This contribution aims at developing a strategy to reduce the bias and produce more reliable inference for spatial models with location errors. The proposed estimation strategy models both the spatial stochastic process and the coarsening mechanism by means of a marked point process. The model is fitted through the maximisation of a doubly-marginalised likelihood function of the marked point process, which cleans out the effects of coarsening. The validity of the proposed approach is assessed by means of a Monte Carlo simulation study under different real-case scenarios, whereas it is applied to real data on house prices.
The effect of enabling versus coercive performance measurement systems on procedural fairness and red tape
Authors: van Veen-Dirks Paula M. G. , Leliveld Marijke C. , Kaufmann Wesley 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the effects of an enabling versus a coercive performance measurement system on how employees perceive the procedural quality of such systems. In particular, we examine the design characteristics and the development process of performance measurement systems. We hypothesize that an enabling design and an enabling development process, as compared to a coercive design and a coercive development process, lead to perceptions of greater procedural fairness and less red tape. To test our hypotheses, we conduct an experiment with two different samples (a student laboratory sample and an online sample). In general, our results indicate that an enabling performance measurement system design and an enabling system development process both independently increase procedural fairness and decrease red tape. These findings imply that organizations interested in improving the procedural quality of their performance measurement system should focus on designing and developing a system that is enabling rather than coercive.
Local flexibility market framework for grid support services to distribution networks
Authors: Bouloumpasis Ioannis , Mirzaei Alavijeh Nima , Steen David , Le Anh Tuan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe increasing volume of distributed resources and user-dependent loads in local networks has increased the concern for congestion and voltage management in distribution networks. To mitigate these issues, the implementation of local flexibility markets has been proposed to assist distribution system operators (DSOs) to manage their networks efficiently. This paper presents the framework of a local flexibility market, including the market participants and their roles. This framework aims to empower DSOs with a market-based instrument for the alleviation of congestion incidents by exploiting the flexibility of local resources.
The proposed market aims to provide a tool for the holistic management of distribution networks by trading both reservation and activation of flexibility services, indifferent of the type and the timeline of the needed service. Three market modes are proposed, i.e., long-term, short-term and real-time market, and the interactions among those modes are shown. The operation of the market is explained in detail, including the identification of the needed services, the activation of the market as well as the proposed bidding, clearing and settlement mechanisms. The modelling of the long-term and real-time markets is also presented, along with some indicative simulation results for long-term and real-time services. Finally, the future developments as well as the major conclusions are discussed.
Development, validation, and application of a multi-method for the determination of mycotoxins, plant growth regulators, tropane alkaloids, and pesticides in cereals by two-dimensional liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Rausch Ann-Kristin , Brockmeyer Robert , Schwerdtle Tanja 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMycotoxins and pesticides regularly co-occur in agricultural products worldwide. Thus, humans can be exposed to both toxic contaminants and pesticides simultaneously, and multi-methods assessing the occurrence of various food contaminants and residues in a single method are necessary. A two-dimensional high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of 40 (modified) mycotoxins, two plant growth regulators, two tropane alkaloids, and 334 pesticides in cereals was developed. After an acetonitrile/water/formic acid (79:20:1, v/v/v) multi-analyte extraction procedure, extracts were injected into the two-dimensional setup, and an online clean-up was performed. The method was validated according to Commission Decision (EC) no. 657/2002 and document N° SANTE/12682/2019. Good linearity (R2 > 0.96), recovery data between 70-120%, repeatability and reproducibility values < 20%, and expanded measurement uncertainties < 50% were obtained for a wide range of analytes, including very polar substances like deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside and methamidophos. However, results for fumonisins, zearalenone-14,16-disulfate, acid-labile pesticides, and carbamates were unsatisfying. Limits of quantification meeting maximum (residue) limits were achieved for most analytes. Matrix effects varied highly (−85 to +1574%) and were mainly observed for analytes eluting in the first dimension and early-eluting analytes in the second dimension. The application of the method demonstrated the co-occurrence of different types of cereals with 28 toxins and pesticides. Overall, 86% of the samples showed positive findings with at least one mycotoxin, plant growth regulator, or pesticide.
Graphical abstract
Classification of Degenerate Verma Modules for E(5, 10)
Authors: Cantarini Nicoletta , Caselli Fabrizio , Kac Victor 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGiven a Lie superalgebra $${\mathfrak {g}}$$
g
with a subalgebra $${\mathfrak {g}}_{\ge 0}$$

g

≥
0

, and a finite-dimensional irreducible $${\mathfrak {g}}_{\ge 0}$$

g

≥
0

-module F, the induced $${\mathfrak {g}}$$
g
-module $$M(F)={\mathcal {U}}({\mathfrak {g}})\otimes _{{\mathcal {U}}({\mathfrak {g}}_{\ge 0})}F$$

M

(
F
)

=
U

(
g
)

⊗

U
(

g

≥
0

)

F

is called a finite Verma module. In the present paper we classify the non-irreducible finite Verma modules over the largest exceptional linearly compact Lie superalgebra $${\mathfrak {g}}=E(5,10)$$

g
=
E
(
5
,
10
)

with the subalgebra $${\mathfrak {g}}_{\ge 0}$$

g

≥
0

of minimal codimension. This is done via classification of all singular vectors in the modules M(F). Besides known singular vectors of degree 1,2,3,4 and 5, we discover two new singular vectors, of degrees 7 and 11. We show that the corresponding morphisms of finite Verma modules of degree 1,4,7, and 11 can be arranged in an infinite number of bilateral infinite complexes, which may be viewed as “exceptional” de Rham complexes for E(5, 10).
On the Expressive Power of Stateless Ordered Restart-Delete Automata
Authors: Otto Friedrich 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStateless ordered restart-delete automata (stl-ORD-automata) are studied. These are obtained from the stateless ordered restarting automata (stl-ORWW-automata) by introducing an additional restart-delete operation, which, based on the surrounding context, deletes a single letter. While the stl-ORWW-automata accept the regular languages, we show that the swift stl-ORD-automata yield a characterization for the class of context-free languages. Here a stl-ORD-automaton is called swift if it can move its window to any position after performing a restart. We also study the descriptional complexity of swift stl-ORD-automata and relate them to limited context restarting automata.
Hydroxyapatite deposition disease of the wrist with intraosseous migration to the lunate bone
Authors: Goller Sophia S. , Hesse Nina , Dürr Hans Roland , Ricke Jens , Schmitt Rainer 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHydroxyapatite deposition disease (HADD) is a mostly uniarticular, self-limiting condition caused by deposition of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals in tendons or in the peritendinous soft tissues. Commonly, the glenohumeral joint is affected. More rarely, the HA depot can be cause of a carpal tunnel syndrome due to an acute inflammatory reaction and space-occupying soft tissue oedema. We report a case of acute HA depot located at the volar site of the right wrist with affection of the deep flexor tendons and intraosseous migration into the lunate bone in a 50-year-old female. There are two main goals of this case report: First, to remind the diagnosis of HADD as a cause of wrist pain and also of carpal tunnel syndrome, as this entity being often misdiagnosed clinically, and second, to report a rare case of intraosseous migration of HA crystals into the lunate bone.
Prospective comparison of 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT, whole-body MRI and CT in primary nodal staging of unfavourable intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer
Authors: Malaspina Simona , Anttinen Mikael , Taimen Pekka , Jambor Ivan , Sandell Minna , Rinta-Kiikka Irina , Kajander Sami , Schildt Jukka , Saukko Ekaterina , Noponen Tommi , Saunavaara Jani , Dean Peter B. , Sequeiros Roberto Blanco , Aronen Hannu J. , Kemppainen Jukka , Seppänen Marko , Boström Peter J. , Ettala Otto 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To prospectively compare 18F-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-1007 positron emission tomography (PET)/CT, whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI) including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and standard computed tomography (CT), in primary nodal staging of prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods
Men with newly diagnosed unfavourable intermediate- or high-risk PCa prospectively underwent 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT, WBMRI with DWI and contrast-enhanced CT within a median of 8 days. Six readers (two for each modality) independently reported pelvic lymph nodes as malignant, equivocal or benign while blinded to the other imaging modalities. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were reported according to optimistic (equivocal lesions interpreted as benign) and pessimistic (equivocal lesions interpreted as malignant) analyses. The reference standard diagnosis was based on multidisciplinary consensus meetings where available histopathology, clinical and follow-up data were used.

Results
Seventy-nine patients completed all the imaging modalities, except for one case of interrupted WBMRI. Thirty-one (39%) patients had pelvic lymph node metastases, which were detected in 27/31 (87%), 14/31 (45%) and 8/31 (26%) patients by 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT, WBMRI with DWI and CT, respectively (optimistic analysis). In 8/31 (26%) patients, only 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT detected malignant lymph nodes, while the other two imaging modalities were reported as negative. At the patient level, sensitivity and specificity values for 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT, WBMRI with DWI and CT in optimistic analysis were 0.87 (95%CI 0.71–0.95) and 0.98 (95%CI 0.89–1.00), 0.37 (95%CI 0.22–0.55) and 0.98 (95%CI 0.89–1.00) and 0.26 (95%CI 0.14–0.43) and 1.00 (95%CI 0.93–1.00), respectively.

Conclusion
18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT showed significantly greater sensitivity in nodal staging of primary PCa than did WBMRI with DWI or CT, while maintaining high specificity.

Clinical trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT03537391