bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Neuroanatomy of Transgender Identity: Mega-Analytic Findings From the ENIGMA Transgender Persons Working Group
Authors: Mueller Sven C. , Guillamon Antonio , Zubiaurre-Elorza Leire , Junque Carme , Gomez-Gil Esther , Uribe Carme , Khorashad Behzad S. , Khazai Behnaz , Talaei Ali , Habel Ute , Votinov Mikhail , Derntl Birgit , Lanzenberger Rupert , Seiger Rene , Kranz Georg S. , Kreukels Baudewijntje P.C. , Kettenis Peggy T. Cohen , Burke Sarah M. , Lambalk Nils B. , Veltman Dick J. , Kennis Mathilde , Sánchez Francisco J. , Vilain Eric , Fisher Alessandra Daphne , Mascalchi Mario , Gavazzi Gioele , Orsolini Stefano , Ristori Jiska , Dannlowski Udo , Grotegerd Dominik , Konrad Carsten , Schneider Maiko Abel , T’Sjoen Guy , Luders Eileen 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn contrast to cisgender persons, transgender persons identify with a different gender than the one assigned at birth. Although research on the underlying neurobiology of transgender persons has been accumulating over the years, neuroimaging studies in this relatively rare population are often based on very small samples resulting in discrepant findings.AimTo examine the neurobiology of transgender persons in a large sample.MethodsUsing a mega-analytic approach, structural MRI data of 803 non-hormonally treated transgender men (TM, n = 214, female assigned at birth with male gender identity), transgender women (TW, n = 172, male assigned at birth with female gender identity), cisgender men (CM, n = 221, male assigned at birth with male gender identity) and cisgender women (CW, n = 196, female assigned at birth with female gender identity) were analyzed.OutcomesStructural brain measures, including grey matter volume, cortical surface area, and cortical thickness.RESULTSTransgender persons differed significantly from cisgender persons with respect to (sub)cortical brain volumes and surface area, but not cortical thickness. Contrasting the 4 groups (TM, TW, CM, and CW), we observed a variety of patterns that not only depended on the direction of gender identity (towards male or towards female) but also on the brain measure as well as the brain region examined.Clinical TranslationThe outcomes of this large-scale study may provide a normative framework that may become useful in clinical studies.Strengths and LimitationsWhile this is the largest study of MRI data in transgender persons to date, the analyses conducted were governed (and restricted) by the type of data collected across all participating sites.CONCLUSIONRather than being merely shifted towards either end of the male-female spectrum, transgender persons seem to present with their own unique brain phenotype.
Hyporheic Exchange Driven by Submerged Rigid Vegetation: A Modeling Study
Authors: Yuan Yue , Chen Xiaobing , Cardenas M. Bayani , Liu Xiaofeng , Chen Li 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFlow‐vegetation interaction affects fluid flow hydraulics and associated material transport in river corridors. Concomitant changes in pressure within the flow field due to the presence of vegetation may act as a driver for the formation of hyporheic flow across the sediment‐water interface. This potentially important process, however, has yet to be studied. In order to investigate vegetation‐induced hyporheic exchange, a series of numerical models of interlinked surface‐subsurface flow modified by plant stems was conducted. Periodically staggered plant stem arrays on a flat sediment bed were considered within a coupled multiphysics computational fluid dynamics approach. Plants were idealized as rigid cylinders and arranged in different streamwise and spanwise spacing distances. Each vegetation array was then subjected to a broad range of flow Reynolds Numbers (Re). The results showed that hyporheic flow occurs in all conditions with the presence of vegetation. The vegetation‐induced hyporheic flux is found to be a function of Re via a power law. The flux increases with interstem space until the space reaches the distance that rigid stems no longer affect the flow structures in the vicinity of each other. Larger intervegetation distances lead to a larger hyporheic zone. A direct comparison with bedform‐induced hyporheic flow showed that vegetation can induce higher hyporheic flux through relatively shallower exchange zones. The results of all the simulations were synthesized into predictive models for hyporheic flux, bulk residence time and exchange depth based on drag coefficient, vegetation density, and Reynolds Number.
Resonance Scattering by a Circular Dielectric Cylinder
Authors: Shestopalov Yury 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA unified approach is developed for the analysis of singularities of the scattered field and vanishing of scattering harmonics. Rigorous proofs are presented of the existence of complex resonance singularities of the solution to the problem of the plane wave scattering by a circular homogeneous dielectric cylinder. The method employs a mathematically correct approach of the spectral theory of open structures involving generalized conditions at infinity when complex resonance frequencies may be considered. The result is obtained by verifying the existence of complex singularities of the series solution coefficients considered as functions of the problem parameters. The recently developed theory of generalized cylindrical polynomials (GCPs) is used that enables one to reduce determination of singularities (resonances) to finding zeros (real or complex) of a particular subfamily of GCPs.
Examining the Tolerance of GNSS Receiver Phase Tracking Loop Under the Effects of Severe Ionospheric Scintillation Conditions Based on Its Bandwidth
Authors: Portella Igor Ponte , de O Moraes Alison , da Silva Pinho Marcelo , Sousasantos Jonas , Rodrigues Fabiano 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the performance of phase‐locked loop (PLL) under the presence of distinct scintillation patterns in the signal. Scintillation is very common in low‐latitude regions due to the ionospheric dynamics. Under strong scintillation scenario the occurrence of deep fading events is usually registered and may cause severe degradation in the communication. The investigation conducted in this study uses the amplitude scintillation index S4, the decorrelation time, and the bandwidthas main parameters. The study evaluates 54 different combinations of these parameters. The results indicate that in order to minimize the occurrence of cycle slips in the output phase of the PLL, the most appropriate tracking loop bandwidthdepends on the values of both S4and, which characterize the scintillation fading pattern. Simulations showed that as the S4index increases, the automatic increment in the PLL bandwidth may not be the best choice as the performance depends on the temporal characteristics of the scintillating signal. The analysis showed that, among the configurations tested, the equivalent noise bandwidth of 10 Hz achieved the best performance overall. The investigation also showed that choosing the wrong parameter regarding the PLL bandwidth may increase the probability of cycle slip by up to 10 times during fading events.
A Multivariate Approach to Generate Synthetic Short‐To‐Medium Range Hydro‐Meteorological Forecasts Across Locations, Variables, and Lead Times
Authors: Brodeur Zachary P. , Steinschneider Scott 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe use of hydro‐meteorological forecasts in water resources management holds great promise as a soft pathway to improve system performance. Methods for generating synthetic forecasts of hydro‐meteorological variables are crucial for robust validation of forecast use, as numerical weather prediction hindcasts are only available for a relatively short period (10–40 years) that is insufficient for assessing risk related to forecast‐informed decision‐making during extreme events. We develop a generalized error model for synthetic forecast generation that is applicable to a range of forecasted variables used in water resources management. The approach samples from the distribution of forecast errors over the available hindcast period and adds them to long records of observed data to generate synthetic forecasts. The approach utilizes the Skew Generalized Error Distribution (SGED) to model marginal distributions of forecast errors that can exhibit heteroskedastic, auto‐correlated, and non‐Gaussian behavior. An empirical copula is used to capture covariance between variables, forecast lead times, and across space. We demonstrate the method for medium‐range forecasts across Northern California in two case studies for (1) streamflow and (2) temperature and precipitation, which are based on hindcasts from the NOAA/NWS Hydrologic Ensemble Forecast System (HEFS) and the NCEP GEFS/R V2 climate model, respectively. The case studies highlight the flexibility of the model and its ability to emulate space‐time structures in forecasts at scales critical for water resources management. The proposed method is generalizable to other locations and computationally efficient, enabling fast generation of long synthetic forecast ensembles that are appropriate for risk analysis.
Late Paleozoic Depositional Environments and Sediment Transport Directions of the Itararé Group Rocks From the State of São Paulo, Brazil, Determined From Rock Magnetism and Magnetic Anisotropy
Authors: Bilardello Dario 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSedimentary rocks of the Itararé Group, deposited during the Late Paleozoic Ice Age in the Paraná Basin of South America, were collected throughout the state of São Paulo, Brazil, for an anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) and rock‐magnetic study. A recent paleomagnetic study conducted on the same samples had determined that these rocks were largely remagnetized during the Cretaceous; however, rock‐magnetic experiments demonstrate that the AMS is dominantly carried by paramagnetic minerals and therefore is unaffected by the secondary magnetic overprints. AMS data are analyzed in terms of their shape and orientation, and according to the relationship between the q‐value (magnetic lineation/foliation) and the imbrication angle (β) of the minimum susceptibility axes with respect to bedding (q–β diagram). Using multiple lines of evidence, we demonstrate that AMS records primary sedimentary fabrics that reflect the depositional environments and paleocurrent conditions in which these rocks were deposited. The magnetic fabrics consistently record a SE‐NW paleocurrent orientation, with dominant direction of transport to the NW throughout the entire state of São Paulo, in agreement with ice flow and sediment transport directions reported from limited numbers of sites possessing sedimentary structures and ice‐kinematic indicators.
Does Organization in Turbulence Influence Ozone Removal by Deciduous Forests?
Authors: Clifton Olivia E. , Patton Edward G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDry deposition is an important sink of tropospheric ozone and influences background and episodic ozone air pollution. Plant canopies remove ozone through uptake by plant stomata, leaf cuticles, and soil. Stomatal uptake of ozone injures vegetation, thereby altering local‐to‐global water and carbon cycling. Observed ozone fluxes are used to inform dry deposition parameterizations in chemical transport models but represent the net influence of several poorly constrained processes. Advancing understanding of the processes controlling dry deposition is key for building predictive ability of the terrestrial ozone sink and plant damage. Here, we constrain the influence of spatial structure in turbulence on ozone dry deposition with large eddy simulation coupled to a multilayer canopy model. We investigate whether organized turbulence separates areas of efficient leaf uptake from areas of high or low ozone mixing ratios. We simulate summertime midday conditions at three homogenous deciduous forests with varying leaf area, soil moisture, and ambient humidity. Sensitivity simulations perturb atmospheric stability, parameters related to ozone dry deposition, how quickly stomata respond to local atmospheric variations, and entrainment of ozone from atmospheric boundary layer growth. Overall, we find a low covariance between ozone and leaf uptake, in part due to counteracting influences from micrometeorological variations on ozone and leaf uptake individually versus the influence of leaf uptake on ozone. The low covariance between ozone and leaf uptake suggests that dry deposition parameterizations and interpretations of ozone flux observations can ignore the influence of organized turbulence on dry deposition.
Volumetric capnography pre- and post-surfactant during initial resuscitation of premature infants
Authors: Williams Emma E. , Dassios Theodore , Hunt Katie A. , Greenough Anne 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Volumetric capnography allows for continuous monitoring of expired tidal volume and carbon dioxide. The slope of the alveolar plateau of the capnogram (SIII) could provide information regarding ventilation homogeneity. We aimed to assess the feasibility of measuring SIII during newborn resuscitation and determine if SIII decreased after surfactant indicating ventilation inhomogeneity improvement.

Methods
Respiratory function traces of preterm infants resuscitated at birth were analysed. Ten capnograms were constructed for each infant: five pre- and post-surfactant. If a plateau was present SIII was calculated by regression analysis.

Results
Thirty-six infants were included, median gestational age of 28.7 weeks and birth weight of 1055 g. Average time between pre- and post-surfactant was 3.2 min. Three hundred and sixty capnograms (180 pre and post) were evaluated. There was adequate slope in 134 (74.4%) capnograms pre and in 100 (55.6%) capnograms post-surfactant (p = 0.004). Normalised for tidal volume SIII pre-surfactant was 18.89 mmHg and post-surfactant was 24.86 mmHg (p = 0.006). An increase in SIII produced an up-slanting appearance to the plateau indicating regional obstruction.

Conclusion
It was feasible to evaluate the alveolar plateau pre-surfactant in preterm infants. Ventilation inhomogeneity increased post-surfactant likely due to airway obstruction caused by liquid surfactant present in the airways.

Impact

Volumetric capnography can be used to assess homogeneity of ventilation by SIII analysis.

Ventilation inhomogeneity increased immediately post-surfactant administration during the resuscitation of preterm infants, producing a characteristic up-slanting appearance to the alveolar plateau.

The best determinant of alveolar plateau presence in preterm infants was the expired tidal volume.
p63 suppresses the ability of pregnancy-identified mammary epithelial cells (PIMECs) to drive HER2-positive breast cancer
Authors: Eyermann Christopher E. , Li Jinyu , Alexandrova Evguenia M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhile pregnancy is known to reduce a woman’s life-long risk of breast cancer, clinical data suggest that it can specifically promote HER2 (human EGF receptor 2)-positive breast cancer subtype (HER2+ BC). HER2+ BC, characterized by amplification of HER2, comprises about 20% of all sporadic breast cancers and is more aggressive than hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (the majority of cases). Consistently with human data, pregnancy strongly promotes HER2+ BC in genetic mouse models. One proposed mechanism of this is post-pregnancy accumulation of PIMECs (pregnancy-identified mammary epithelial cells), tumor-initiating cells for HER2+ BC in mice. We previously showed that p63, a homologue of the tumor suppressor p53, is required to maintain the post-pregnancy number of PIMECs and thereby promotes HER2+ BC. Here we set to test whether p63 also affects the intrinsic tumorigenic properties of PIMECs. To this end, we FACS-sorted YFP-labeled PIMECs from p63+/−;ErbB2 and control p63+/+;ErbB2 females and injected their equal amounts into immunodeficient recipients. To our surprise, p63+/− PIMECs showed increased, rather than decreased, tumorigenic capacity in vivo, i.e., significantly accelerated tumor onset and tumor growth, as well as increased self-renewal in mammosphere assays and proliferation in vitro and in vivo. The underlying mechanism of these phenotypes seems to be a specific reduction of the tumor suppressor TAp63 isoform in p63+/− luminal cells, including PIMECs, with concomitant aberrant upregulation of the oncogenic ΔNp63 isoform, as determined by qRT-PCR and scRNA-seq analyses. In addition, scRNA-seq revealed upregulation of several cancer-associated (Il-4/Il-13, Hsf1/HSP), oncogenic (TGFβ, NGF, FGF, MAPK) and self-renewal (Wnt, Notch) pathways in p63+/−;ErbB2 luminal cells and PIMECs per se. Altogether, these data reveal a complex role of p63 in PIMECs and pregnancy-associated HER2+ BC: maintaining the amount of PIMECs while suppressing their intrinsic tumorigenic capacity.
VSIG4(+) peritoneal macrophages induce apoptosis of double-positive thymocyte via the secretion of TNF-α in a CLP-induced sepsis model resulting in thymic atrophy
Authors: Cho Hae-Yun , Yang Yun Gyeong , Jeon Youkyoung , Lee Chae-Kwan , Choi InHak , Lee Soo-Woong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThymic atrophy in sepsis is a critical disadvantage because it induces immunosuppression and increases the mortality rate as the disease progresses. However, the exact mechanism of thymic atrophy has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we discovered a novel role for VSIG4-positive peritoneal macrophages (V4(+) cells) as the principal cells that induce thymic atrophy and thymocyte apoptosis. In CLP-induced mice, V4(+) cells were activated after ingestion of invading microbes, and the majority of these cells migrated into the thymus. Furthermore, these cells underwent a phenotypic shift from V4(+) to V4(−) and from MHC II(low) to MHC II(+). In coculture with thymocytes, V4(+) cells mainly induced apoptosis in DP thymocytes via the secretion of TNF-α. However, there was little effect on CD4 or CD8 SP and DN thymocytes. V4(−) cells showed low levels of activity compared to V4(+) cells. Thymic atrophy in CLP-induced V4(KO) mice was much less severe than that in CLP-induced wild-type mice. In addition, V4(KO) peritoneal macrophages also showed similar activity to V4(−) cells. Taken together, the current study demonstrates that V4(+) cells play important roles in inducing immunosuppression via thymic atrophy in the context of severe infection. These data also suggest that controlling the function of V4(+) cells may play a crucial role in the development of new therapies to prevent thymocyte apoptosis in sepsis.
Imino(silyl)disilenes: application in versatile bond activation, reversible oxidation and thermal isomerization
Authors: Holzner Richard , Porzelt Amelie , Karaca Uhut S. , Kiefer Fiona , Frisch Philipp , Wendel Daniel , Holthausen Max C. , Inoue Shigeyoshi 
Published: May 2021

Use of the SitBu2Me group in imino(silyl)disilenes is crucial: The highly stable disilene 2 provides access to versatile reactivity with various small molecules, whereas selective thermal isomerization yields A2SiSiB2 type disilene 9.
Distributed gradient descent method with edge‐based event‐driven communication for non‐convex optimization
Authors: Adachi T. , Hayashi N. , Takai S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper considers an event‐driven distributed non‐convex optimization algorithm for a multi‐agent system, where each agent has a non‐convex cost function. The goal of the multi‐agent system is to minimize the global objective function, which is the sum of these local cost functions, in a distributed manner. To this end, each agent updates the own state by a consensus‐based gradient descent algorithm. The local information exchange among neighbor agents is carried out with an event‐triggered scheme to achieve consensus with less inter‐agent communication. Convergence to a critical point of the objective function and the validity of the proposed algorithm in numerical examples are shown.
Gait recognition based on sparse linear subspace
Authors: Wen Junqin , Wang Xiuhui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGait recognition has broad application prospects in intelligent security monitoring. However, due to the variability of human walking states and the complexity of external conditions during sample collection, gait recognition is still facing many challenges. Among them, gait recognition algorithms based on shallow learning are hard to achieve the correct recognition rate required by many applications, while the amount of gait training data cannot meet the needs of model training based on deep learning. To solve the above problem, this paper presents a novel gait recognition scheme based on sparse linear subspace. First, frame‐by‐frame gait energy images (ffGEIs) are extracted as primary gait features and sparse linear subspace technology is used to represent them for dimension reduction. Second, a new gait classification algorithm based on support vector machine is presented, which adopts Gaussian radial basis function (RBF) kernels to achieve cross‐view gait recognition. Finally, the proposed gait recognition approach is evaluated on two open‐accessed gait databases to demonstrate its performance.
Robustly correlated key‐medical image for DNA‐chaos based encryption
Authors: Aouissaoui Ichraf , Bakir Toufik , Sakly Anis 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMedical images include confidential and sensitive information about patients. Hence, ensuring the security of these images is a crucial requirement. This paper proposes an efficient and secure medical image encryption‐decryption scheme based on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), one‐dimensional chaotic maps (tent and logistic maps), and hash functions (SHA‐256 and MD5). The first part of the proposed scheme is the key generation based on the hash functions of the image and its metadata. The key then is highly related and intensely sensitive to the original image. The second part is the rotation and permutation of the first two MSB bit‐plans of the medical image to reduce its black background that produces redundant DNA encoded sequences. The third part is the DNA encoding‐decoding using dynamically chosen DNA rules for every 2‐bit pixel value through the logistic map. Meanwhile, the confusion‐diffusion is performed using the tent map and XOR operation. Simulation results and security analysis prove the good encryption effects of the proposed scheme compared to the state‐of‐art methods with a correlation of 6.66617e‐7 and a very large key space of 2624. Furthermore, the proposed system has a strong ability to resist various common attacks such as chosen/known‐plaintext attacks and cropping/noise attacks.