bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La sélectivité spatiale de l’élite politique locale: Une analyse exploratoire du lieu de résidence des élus communaux de Zurich et Lausanne (1980‐2016)
Authors: Di Capua Roberto 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article studies the spatial dimension of the social selection of local elected officials that takes shape through the geographical selectivity of the elected officials’ places of residence. Based on data on the places of residence of local elected officials in Zurich and Lausanne (1980‐2016), we show that the residential dispersion of local elected officials is not random but driven by a logic of class socio‐spatial selectivity. We also show that this spatial selectivity varies according to the partisan affiliation of elected officials and the existence or not of electoral districts at the municipal level. By analysing the concentration or absence of elected officials according to the socio‐economic level of the neighbourhoods of Lausanne and Zurich, this article explores a new approach to the sociology of political elites: by adding a spatial dimension – the place of residence – we thus refine the study of the profile of elected officials and their representativeness.
Reduced ability to produce reflex‐evoked neurogenic inflammation, a sign of decreased defense against COVID‐19 infection?
Authors: Malm Lars 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundA histamine skin prick test (SPT) generally evokes a wheal and a flare. The present study was initiated by an observation that histamine did not evoke a flare around a wheal in the skin of an 86‐year‐old man. Could that be of relevance to the findings that old men are prone to a more severe COVD‐19 infection with a higher mortality than young ones?Materials and methodsHistamine SPT was performed on the forearm of six old men, all above the age of 80. The skin reactions were photographed from above and from the side. The photographs taken from above were treated in a computer with LYYN, a program that increases color differences. With the help of ImageJ (NIH), the size relation between flare and wheal was calculated. On the photographs, taken as side views, areas, heights, and diameters of wheals were measured. Controls consisted of three groups of younger people.ResultsAmong the old men, no or only a small flare was seen. All the controls had prominent flares. Histamine SPT evoked small wheals in the group of old men as compared to young men.ConclusionReduced neurogenic inflammation evoked by histamine from mast cells in blood and tissue may reduce the defense against COVID‐19 infection.
Perfusion measured by laser speckle contrast imaging as a predictor for expansion of psoriasis lesions
Authors: Schaap Mirjam J. , Chizari Ata , Knop Tom , Groenewoud Hans M. M. , van Erp Piet E. J. , de Jong Elke M. G. J. , Steenbergen Wiendelt , Seyger Marieke M. B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundSkin microvasculature changes are crucial in psoriasis development and correlate with perfusion. The noninvasive Handheld Perfusion Imager (HAPI) examines microvascular skin perfusion in large body areas using laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI).ObjectivesTo (i) assess whether increased perilesional perfusion and perfusion inhomogeneity are predictors for expansion of psoriasis lesions and (ii) assess feasibility of the HAPI system in a mounted modality.MethodsIn this interventional pilot study in adults with unstable plaque psoriasis, HAPI measurements and color photographs were performed for lesions present on one body region at week 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8. The presence of increased perilesional perfusion and perfusion inhomogeneity was determined. Clinical outcome was categorized as increased, stable or decreased lesion surface between visits. Patient feedback was collected on a 10‐point scale.ResultsIn total, 110 lesions with a median follow‐up of 6 (IQR 6.0) weeks were assessed in 6 patients with unstable plaque psoriasis. Perfusion data was matched to 281 clinical outcomes after two weeks. A mixed multinomial logistic regression model revealed a predictive value of perilesional increased perfusion (OR 9.90; p < 0.001) and perfusion inhomogeneity (OR 2.39; p = 0.027) on lesion expansion after two weeks compared to lesion stability. HAPI measurements were considered fast, patient‐friendly and important by patients.ConclusionVisualization of increased perilesional perfusion and perfusion inhomogeneity by noninvasive whole field LSCI holds potential for prediction of psoriatic lesion expansion. Furthermore, the HAPI is a feasible and patient‐friendly tool.
Antibody incidence and red blood cell transfusions in patients on daratumumab
Authors: Tauscher Craig , Moldenhauer Sheila , Bryant Sandra , DiGuardo Margaret , Jacob Eapen K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundDaratumumab (Dara), an anti‐CD38 monoclonal antibody for hematologic malignancies, interferes with routine blood bank testing, specifically affecting the antibody screen and identification panels. In 2016, the AABB recommended performing a baseline phenotype or genotype before a patient (Pt) begins taking anti‐CD38 to avoid this interference and potential problems with transfusion. The objective of this study was to assess red blood cell (RBC) utilization and subsequent incidence of alloimmunization to the transfused RBCs in patients receiving Dara.Methods and MaterialsWe monitored 244 patients taking Dara to determine their red blood cell transfusions and incidence of clinically significant antibody formation before and following administration of Dara. Poisson generalized estimating equations with log link were used comparing the post‐Dara incidence and prevalence to those prior, with significance defined as p < .05.ResultsFrom September 1, 2015 to December 22, 2018, 244 patients on Dara were identified, of which 145 patients (59.4%) received a red blood cell transfusion. Antibody screens were performed on 97 of the 145 patients at least 2 weeks following RBC transfusion. Four of the total transfused patients (2.8% total, 4.1% patients with follow‐up antibody screen testing) formed new clinically significant alloantibodies, which was not significantly different from Asare's hematologic incidence (p = .98/p = .49).ConclusionsThis study showed our patients on Dara did not form alloantibodies following RBC transfusion at a higher incidence than similar patient populations.
Evidence for enhanced fluvial channel mobility and fine sediment export due to precipitation seasonality during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum
Authors: Barefoot Eric A. , Nittrouer Jeffrey A. , Foreman Brady Z. , Hajek Elizabeth A. , Dickens Gerald R. , Baisden Tramond , Toms Leah 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) was the most extreme example of an abrupt global warming event in the Cenozoic, and it is widely discussed as a past analog for contemporary climate change. Anomalous accumulation of terrigenous mud in marginal shelf environments and concentration of sand in terrestrial deposits during the PETM have both been inferred to represent an increase in fluvial sediment flux. A corresponding increase in water discharge or river slope would have been required to transport this additional sediment. However, in many locations, evidence for changes in fluvial slope is weak, and geochemical proxies and climate models indicate that while runoff variability may have increased, mean annual precipitation was unaffected or potentially decreased. Here, we explored whether changes in river morphodynamics under variable-discharge conditions could have contributed to increased fluvial sand concentration during the PETM. Using field observations, we reconstructed channel paleohydraulics, mobility, and avulsion behavior for the Wasatch Formation (Piceance Basin, Colorado, USA). Our data provide no evidence for changes in fluvial slope during the PETM, and thus no evidence for enhanced sediment discharge. However, our data do show evidence of increased fluvial bar reworking and advection of sediment to floodplains during channel avulsion, consistent with experimental studies of alluvial systems subjected to variable discharge. High discharge variability increases channel mobility and floodplain reworking, which retains coarse sediment while remobilizing and exporting fine sediment through the alluvial system. This mechanism can explain anomalous fine sediment accumulation on continental shelves without invoking sustained increases in fluvial sediment and water discharge.
Spatio-temporal evolution of the Christiana-Santorini-Kolumbo volcanic field, Aegean Sea
Authors: Preine J. , Karstens J. , Hübscher C. , Nomikou P. , Schmid F. , Crutchley G.J. , Druitt T.H. , Papanikolaou D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Christiana-Santorini-Kolumbo volcanic field (CSKVF) in the Aegean Sea is one of the most active volcano-tectonic lineaments in Europe. Santorini has been an iconic site in volcanology and archaeology since the 19th century, and the onshore volcanic products of Santorini are one of the best-studied volcanic sequences worldwide. However, little is known about the chronology of volcanic activity of the adjacent submarine Kolumbo volcano, and even less is known about the Christiana volcanic island. In this study, we exploit a dense array of high-resolution marine seismic reflection profiles to link the marine stratigraphy to onshore volcanic sequences and present the first consistent chronological framework for the CSKVF, enabling a detailed reconstruction of the evolution of the volcanic rift system in time and space. We identify four main phases of volcanic activity, which initiated in the Pliocene with the formation of the Christiana volcano (phase 1). The formation of the current southwest-northeast–trending rift system (phase 2) was associated with the evolution of two distinct volcanic centers, the newly discovered Poseidon center and the early Kolumbo volcano. Phase 3 saw a period of widespread volcanic activity throughout the entire rift. The ongoing phase 4 is confined to the Santorini caldera and Kolumbo volcano. Our study highlights the fundamental tectonic control on magma emplacement and shows that the CSKVF evolved from a volcanic field with local centers that matured only recently to form the vast Santorini edifice.
South Tarim tied to north India on the periphery of Rodinia and Gondwana and implications for the evolution of two supercontinents
Authors: Wang Peng , Zhao Guochun , Cawood Peter A. , Han Yigui , Yu Shan , Liu Qian , Yao Jinlong , Zhang Donghai 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Constraining the positions of, and interrelationships between, Earth's major continental blocks has played a major role in validating the concept of the supercontinent cycle. Minor continental fragments can provide additional key constraints on modes of supercontinent assembly and dispersal. The Tarim craton has been placed both at the core of Rodinia or on its periphery, and differentiating between the two scenarios has widespread implications for the breakup of Rodinia and subsequent assembly of Gondwana. In the South Tarim terrane, detrital zircon grains from Neoproterozoic–Silurian strata display two dominant populations at 950–750 and 550–450 Ma. Similarly, two main peaks at 1000–800 and 600–490 Ma characterize Neoproterozoic–Ordovician strata in northern India. Moreover, the two dominant peaks of South Tarim and north India lag two global peaks at 1200–1000 and 650–500 Ma, which reflect Rodinia and Gondwana assembly, arguing against a position within the heart of the two supercontinents. Ages and Hf isotopes of Tarim's detrital zircons argue for a position on the margin of both supercontinents adjacent to north India with periodic dispersal through opening and closing of small ocean basins (e.g., the Proto-Tethys). Alternating tectonic transitions between advancing and retreating subduction in North Tarim coincide with periodic drift of South Tarim from north India in Rodinia and Gondwana, emphasizing the importance of retreating subduction in supercontinent dispersal. Moreover, the Rodinia-related orogenic belts spatially overlap the Gondwana-related orogenic belts in the two blocks, indicating no significant relative rotation of India and Tarim during the evolution from Rodinia to Gondwana.
The role of phyllosilicate partial melting in segregating tungsten and tin deposits in W-Sn metallogenic provinces
Authors: Zhao Panlao , Chu Xu , Williams-Jones Anthony E. , Mao Jingwen , Yuan Shunda 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMost tungsten (W) and tin (Sn) deposits are associated with highly evolved granites derived from the anatexis of metasedimentary rocks. They are commonly separated in both space and time, and in the rare cases where the W and Sn mineralization are part of a single deposit, the two metals are temporally separate. The factors controlling this behavior, however, are not well understood. Our compilation of whole-rock geochemical data for W- and Sn-related granites in major W-Sn metallogenic belts shows that the Sn-related granites are generally the products of higher-temperature partial melting (~800 °C) than the W-related granites (~750 °C). Thermodynamic modeling of partial melting and metal partitioning shows that W is incorporated into the magma formed during low-temperature muscovite-dehydration melting, whereas most of the Sn is released into the magma at a higher temperature during biotite-dehydration melting; the Sn of the magma may be increased significantly if melt is extracted prior to biotite melting. At the same degree of partial melting, the concentrations of the two metals in the partial melt are controlled by their concentration in the protolith. Thus, the nature of the protolith and the melting temperature and subsequent evolution of the magma all influence the metallogenic potential of a magma and, in combination, helped control the spatial and temporal segregation of W and Sn deposits in all major W-Sn metallogenic belts.
Lateral variation in slab window viscosity inferred from global navigation satellite system (GNSS)–observed uplift due to recent mass loss at Patagonia ice fields
Authors: Russo Raymond M. , Luo Haipeng , Wang Kelin , Ambrosius Boudewijn , Mocanu Victor , He Jiangheng , James Thomas , Bevis Michael , Fernandes Rui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe geographic coincidence of the Chile Ridge slab window and the Patagonia ice fields offers a unique opportunity for assessing the effects of slab window rheology on glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA). Mass loss of these ice fields since the Little Ice Age causes rapid but variable crustal uplift, 12–24 mm/yr around the North Patagonia ice field, increasing to a maximum of 41 mm/yr around the South Patagonia ice field, as determined from newly collected or processed geodetic data. We used these observational constraints in a three-dimensional Maxwell viscoelastic finite element model of GIA response above both the subducting slab and slab window in which the upper-mantle viscosity was parameterized to be uniform with depth. We found that the viscosity of the northern part of the slab window, ~2 × 1018 Pa·s, is lower than that of the southern part by approximately an order of magnitude. We propose that this along-strike viscosity contrast is due to late Cenozoic ridge subduction beneath the northern part of the slab window, which increases asthenospheric temperature and reduces viscosity.
Multifaceted antibiotic stewardship intervention using a participatory-action-research approach to improve antibiotic prescribing for urinary tract infections in frail elderly (ImpresU): study protocol for a European qualitative study followed by a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hartman Esther A R , Groen Wim G , Heltveit-Olsen Silje Rebekka , Lindbaek Morten , Hoye Sigurd , Sundvall Pär-Daniel , Gunnarsson Ronny , Skoglund Ingmarie , Snaebjörnsson Arnljots Egill , Godycki-Cwirko Maciej , Kowalczyk Anna , Platteel Tamara N , Zuithoff Nicolaas P A , Monnier Annelie A , Verheij Theo J M , Hertogh Cees M P M , van de Pol Alma C 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionAlmost 60% of antibiotics in frail elderly are prescribed for alleged urinary tract infections (UTIs). A substantial part of this comprises prescriptions in case of non-specific symptoms or asymptomatic bacteriuria, for which the latest guidelines promote restrictiveness with antibiotics. We aim to reduce inappropriate antibiotic use for UTIs through an antibiotic stewardship intervention (ASI) that encourages to prescribe according to these guidelines. To develop an effective ASI, we first need a better understanding of the complex decision-making process concerning suspected UTIs in frail elderly. Moreover, the implementation approach requires tailoring to the heterogeneous elderly care setting.Methods and analysisFirst, we conduct a qualitative study to explore factors contributing to antibiotic prescribing for UTIs in frail elderly, using semi-structured interviews with general practitioners, nursing staff, patients and informal caregivers. Next, we perform a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial in elderly care organisations. A multifaceted ASI is implemented in the intervention group; the control group receives care as usual. The ASI is centred around a decision tool that promotes restrictive antibiotic use, supported by a toolbox with educational materials. For the implementation, we use a modified participatory-action-research approach, guided by the results of the qualitative study. The primary outcome is the number of antibiotic prescriptions for suspected UTIs. We aim to recruit 34 clusters with in total 680 frail elderly residents ≥70 years. Data collection takes place during a 5-month baseline period and a 7-month follow-up period. Finally, we perform a process evaluation. The study has been delayed for 6 months due to COVID-19 and is expected to end in July 2021.Ethics and disseminationEthical approvals and/or waivers were obtained from the ethical committees in Poland, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. The results will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.Trial registration numberNCT03970356.
Potential effect of antiseptic mouthwash on the incidence ofNeisseria gonorrhoeaeamong men who have sex with men: a mathematical modelling study
Authors: Xu Xianglong , Chow Eric P F , Shen Mingwang , Zou Zhuoru , Wang Chongjian , Ong Jason J , Fairley Christopher K , Zhang Lei 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesThe incidence ofNeisseria gonorrhoeaeand its antimicrobial resistance is increasing in many countries. Antibacterial mouthwash may reduce gonorrhoea transmission without using antibiotics. We modelled the effect that antiseptic mouthwash may have on the incidence of gonorrhoea.DesignWe developed a mathematical model of the transmission of gonorrhoea between each anatomical site (oropharynx, urethra and anorectum) in men who have sex with men (MSM). We constructed four scenarios: (1) mouthwash had no effect; (2) mouthwash increased the susceptibility of the oropharynx; (3) mouthwash reduced the transmissibility from the oropharynx; (4) the combined effect of mouthwash from scenarios 2 and 3.SettingWe used data at three anatomical sites from 4873 MSM attending Melbourne Sexual Health Centre in 2018 and 2019 to calibrate our models and data from the USA, Netherlands and Thailand for sensitivity analyses.ParticipantsPublished available data on MSM with multisite infections of gonorrhoea.Primary and secondary outcome measuresIncidence of gonorrhoea.ResultsThe overall incidence of gonorrhoea was 44 (95% CI 37 to 50)/100 person-years (PY) in scenario 1. Under scenario 2 (20%–80% mouthwash coverage), the total incidence increased (47–60/100 PY) and at all three anatomical sites by between 7.4% (5.9%–60.8%) and 136.6% (108.1%–177.5%). Under scenario 3, with the same coverage, the total incidence decreased (20–39/100 PY) and at all anatomical sites by between 11.6% (10.2%–13.5%) and 99.8% (99.2%–100%). Under scenario 4, changes in the incidence depended on the efficacy of mouthwash on the susceptibility or transmissibility. The effect on the total incidence varied (22–55/100 PY), and at all anatomical sites, there were increases of nearly 130% and large declines of almost 100%.ConclusionsThe effect of mouthwash on gonorrhoea incidence is largely predictable depending on whether it increases susceptibility to or reduces the transmissibility of gonorrhoea.
Space use in free-ranging canids: are gonadal hormones required for territory maintenance?
Authors: Gese Eric M. , Terletzky Patricia A. 
Published: October 2021

Fertility control among carnivores has been used to reduce depredations on livestock and wild neonates, population control, modify behavior, inhibit genetic introgression, and reduce human–wildlife conflicts. Although there is considerable knowledge on techniques to sterilize carnivores, there is little information concerning how the absence of gonadal hormones influences behavior, space use, and survival of wild canids. We examined territorial fidelity, home-range size and overlap, and survival of 179 surgically sterilized free-ranging canids (124 coyotes (Canis latrans Say, 1823), 55 coyote – red wolf (Canis rufus Audubon and Bachman, 1851) hybrids) with gonadal hormones present (tubal-ligated females (n = 70), vasectomized males (n = 73)) versus absent (spayed females (n = 22), neutered males (n = 14)). The absence of gonadal hormones did not influence annual home-range size and home-range overlap, territory fidelity, and annual survival rates. Additionally, no differences were detected across sexes and hormonal treatments in annual home-range size, percent home-range overlap, annual home-range residency rates, and annual survival rates. Methods of fertility control that do not keep gonadal organs intact may prove useful for management without concern for changes in behavior, mainly territoriality, space use, and survival.
Removal of a Giant Parapharyngeal Space Oncocytoma Without Osteotomy
Authors: Matsuki Takashi , Tsutsumi Shohei , Miyamoto Shunsuke , Kano Koichi , Momiyama Kaho , Asako Yukiko , Yamashita Taku 
Published: October 2021

Oncocytoma arising from the parotid gland and extending into the parapharyngeal space (PPS) has not been previously reported. A 64-year-old woman presented with a large slowly growing mass extending from the parotid to the submandibular area, expanding medially to displace the pharynx across the midline. Core-needle biopsy revealed an oncocytoma in the PPS measuring 120 × 88 × 60 mm in size. Although the tumor was of an unprecedentedly large size and extended into multiple spaces, it could be removed via a cervical–parotid approach without osteotomy. The resected tumor was again diagnosed as oncocytoma. A postoperative complication was weakness of the ipsilateral facial nerve, which almost completely resolved in 6 months. No recurrence has been noted on 1 y follow-up. We were able to resect an extremely large oncocytoma arising from the parotid gland without osteotomy.