bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic Resistance Profile and Resistance Determination of Bacteria Isolated from Water in Southern Benin
Authors: Koudokpon Hornel , Dougnon Victorien , Lougbegnon Christelle , Deguenon Esther , Mousse Wassiyath , Agbankpe Alidehou Jerrold , Avodagbe Gérardine , Saidou Souad , Bankole Honoré , Baba-Moussa Lamine 
Published: May 2021

Background: The environment plays an important role in the dissemination of multidrug resistant bacteria, especially through the aquatic ecosystem, including hospital effluents, rivers, but also spring water and drinking water. This study aims to determine selected antimicrobial resistance genes in some aquatic matrices in southern Benin.
Methods: Collected water samples were filtered through a membrane 0.22 µm thick. After filtration, the membrane was deposited on Muëller Hinton agar. Then the colonies resulting from this subculture were subjected to a microbiological examination by the conventional method. The antibiotic sensitivity test was carried out by the Kirby Bauer method according to the recommendations of the French Society of Microbiology. Resistance genes were looked for by PCR.
Results: Of the 222 water samples collected, 265 bacterial strains were isolated, the majority of which were strains of Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (CNS) with 37.74% (n = 100), followed by strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae (21.89%; n = 58), Escherichia coli (10.57%; n = 28). All isolated gram-negative bacilli strains are multidrug resistant with resistance of all strains to amoxicillin, ampicillin and amoxicillin + clavulanic acid. Of the 15 resistance genes searched in the genome of Gram-negative bacilli strains, 8 were detected, namely the TEM, SHV, CTX-M15, VIM, NDM, SUL1, SUL2 and AADA genes. Resistance of CNS strains to amoxicillin, oxacillin and cefoxitin was observed. The meca gene was detected in all CNS strains. The vanA and VanB genes were only detected in strains isolated from drinking water in sachets collected from producers and street sellers.
Conclusion: These results show the dissemination of resistance genes in Benin and once again confirms the urgency of a global fight against antimicrobial resistance.
Olfactory Function Assessment: Standardization of a New Quantitative Technique for the Indian Population
Authors: Jacob Navya Jith , Rajkumar D. , Sudha M. , Varghese Varsha , Mukkadan J. K. 
Published: May 2021

Aim: Olfactory function assessment is often neglected in clinical settings due to a lack of appropriate cost effective techniques. We therefore aimed to develop a cost effective, reliable and culturally appropriate tool for olfactory function assessment among the Indian population and to compare olfactory functions among 63 healthy controls and 32 idiopathic Parkinson’s disease patients.
Materials and Methods: Olfactory stimuli were applied to the nostrils of the participants using an olfactometer. Five different odoriferous substances common to Indian culture were used for the study in three different concentrations: ginger (1%, 2%, 3%), cardamom (0.4%, 2%, 3%), garlic (0.8%, 1.4%, 2%), coffee (1.6%, 2%, 4%), vanilla (2%, 3%, 4%). Olfactory recognition threshold, olfactory identification score and olfactory discrimination score were observed among the control population and Parkinson’s disease population.
Results: The olfactory recognition threshold was significantly high among the Parkinson’s disease group compared to controls (Mann Whitney U test, p<0.001). Reliability was tested using the test-retest method among the control group and all olfactory variables in three different concentrations had either r value closer to 1 or 1, which shows an acceptable level of reliability. The correlation was found to be significant (p<0.001). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve drawn for olfactory recognition thresholds at different concentrations for the five odouriferous substances and the area was determined to classify cases and controls (Determined areas: ginger = 0.928, cardamom = 0.955, garlic = 0.921, Coffee = 0.950, vanilla = 0.950). The area under the curve was found to be significant in classifying the cases and the control.
Conclusion: The newly developed olfactory assessment tool was found to be reliable and effective in assessing olfactory parameters like recognition threshold, identification score and discrimination score among the Indian population.
Environmental influence on reproductive health
Authors: Bhatt R.V 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA rise in industrialization and the consequent environmental pollution, an increase in the use of synthetic chemicals and repeated exposure to hazardous compounds at the workplace and at home adversely affects reproductive health. Biohazardous compounds, some of which act as endocrine disrupters, are being increasingly implicated in infertility, menstrual irregularities, spontaneous abortions, birth defects, endometriosis and breast cancer. In some cases, women are at a greater risk than men, especially with the rise in environmental estrogens. Only a fraction of these chemicals have been adequately examined for toxicity and for synergistic effects due to multiple exposures. There is a need for a greater awareness and vigilance of the effects of environmental pollution on reproductive health.
Pregnancy complicated by pre‐eclampsia–eclampsia with HELLP syndrome
Authors: Vigil‐De Gracia P. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To determine the incidence of, and assess the relationship between liver enzymes and platelet counts with the severity of HELLP (hemolysis elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count) syndrome, and describe incidences of serious maternal complications. Materials and methods: Retrospective descriptive study of patients with pre‐eclampsia–eclampsia complicated by HELLP syndrome that occurred over a 3‐year period in Panama. The primary outcome included: platelet count; serum aspartate aminotransferase; serum alanine aminotransferase; symptoms and complications among class 1, 2, and 3 HELLP. Results: There were 558 pregnancies complicated by severe pre‐eclampsia and 26 by eclampsia. The incidence of HELLP syndrome among women with severe pre‐eclampsia in our population was 12% and among women with eclampsia was 34.6%, (P<0.0008); with a total incidence of 16%. Epigastric pain, visual symptoms and hematuria increased with the severity of HELLP syndrome. Hematuria was the fourth symptom, but was significantly (P=0.002) associated with class 1 HELLP. There were significant differences in the platelet count, and liver enzymes among the classes of HELLP syndrome. Abruptio placentae, acute renal failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation were the most frequent maternal complications. There were two maternal deaths. Conclusions: This study supports the theory that HELLP syndrome is associated with increased maternal morbidity and mortality. Our data suggest that certain subgroups of patients with class 1 HELLP syndrome (‘classic or true HELLP’) are at increased risk for serious maternal complications, including those with: platelet counts below 50 000/μl; lactic dehydrogenase≥2000 IU/l; aspartate aminotranferase≥500 IU/l; alanine aminotransferase≥300 IU/l; and hematuria.
Nerve growth factor brain concentration and stress: changes depend on type of stressor and age
Authors: Scaccianoce Sergio , Lombardo Katia , Angelucci Luciano 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn the relationship between the hippocampus and the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenocortical axis, trophic and tropic actions of nerve growth factor are involved in parallel with those on the cholinergic nuclei of the basal forebrain. Here, we report the changes produced by stress activation of the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenocortical axis on hippocampal and basal forebrain nerve growth factor concentrations in 3‐month‐old male Wistar rats. The stressors used were: restraint; cold exposure; foot‐shock; and rotatory platform. Restraint stress tended to reduce nerve growth factor in the hippocampus and reduced it significantly in the basal forebrain. Nerve growth factor levels in the hippocampus were not modified by cold exposure. However, a single unrepeated exposure significantly increased nerve growth factor in the basal forebrain. Both acute and chronic foot‐shock reduced nerve growth factor in the hippocampus, leaving the levels in the basal forebrain unmodified. Acute but not chronic rotatory platform reduced nerve growth factor in the hippocampus, while showing a tendency, more pronounced after chronic application, toward an increase in the basal forebrain. Since with aging both activity of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis and nerve growth factor trophic and tropic functions change, we studied the effect of restraint and cold stress in the 24‐month‐old male rat. The variations in nerve growth factor concentrations in the basal forebrain following stress activation are no longer present in the aged rat. The picture that emerges is indicative of a complex relationship between stress and nerve growth factor which is influenced by the kind of stressor and by age. Lack of uniformity in the effects produced by different stressors might reside in different qualitative and/or quantitative degree of involvement of neurotransmitters and/or neurohormones for each of them.
Effects of theft stereotype on bystander recall, interpretation, and punishment for male and female juvenile thieves
Authors: Shapiro Lauren R. 
Published: May 2021

SummarySex disparities in the incidence‐arrest statistics for juvenile thieves may stem from preconceived stereotypes impacting bystanders' social‐cognitive processing of a bicycle theft. After reading vignettes describing a bicycle theft, bystanders' reliance on male‐as‐juvenile‐thief stereotypes enhanced their recall of crime and appearance features for the male thief and in their interpretation of his intimidation of a child victim. Bystander sex also affected the results by enhancing appearance recall for the same sex thief. Women interpreted the intentions of the adolescent thieves as stealing, whereas men interpreted the intentions as borrowing. Bystanders endorsed the decision for the father to bring the stolen bicycle to the attention of the police, especially when the victim was a girl, and agreed the police should be involved. The bystanders would be credible witnesses as they could provide the actus reus and mens rea to support a case of larceny‐theft and describe the thief.
Lipid Metabolism in Ferroptosis
Authors: Lin Zhi , Liu Jiao , Kang Rui , Yang Minghua , Tang Daolin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLipid metabolism is a complex biochemical process that participates in the regulation of cell survival and death. Ferroptosis is a form of iron‐dependent regulated cell death driven by abnormal lipid metabolism, leading to lipid peroxidation and subsequent plasma membrane rupture. A variety of antioxidant systems and membrane repair pathways can diminish oxidative damage, enabling survival and growth in response to ferroptotic signals. Such impairment of ferroptosis machinery is implicated in various pathological conditions and diseases, especially cancer and tissue damage. It is discussed here how lipid metabolism pathways, including lipid synthesis, degradation, storage, transformation, and utilization, modulate ferroptosis sensitivity or tolerance in different models, especially cancer.
Benzylammonium‐Mediated Formamidinium Lead Iodide Perovskite Phase Stabilization for Photovoltaics
Authors: Alanazi Anwar Q. , Almalki Masaud H. , Mishra Aditya , Kubicki Dominik J. , Wang Zaiwei , Merten Lena , Eickemeyer Felix T. , Zhang Hong , Ren Dan , Alyamani Ahmed Y. , Albrithen Hamad , Albadri Abdulrahman , Alotaibi Mohammad Hayal , Hinderhofer Alexander , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Schreiber Frank , Hagfeldt Anders , Emsley Lyndon , Milić Jovana V. , Graetzel Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere is an ongoing surge of interest in the use of formamidinium (FA) lead iodide perovskites in photovoltaics due to their exceptional optoelectronic properties. However, thermodynamic instability of the desired cubic perovskite (α‐FAPbI3) phase at ambient conditions leads to the formation of a yellow non‐perovskite (δ‐FAPbI3) phase that compromises its utility. A stable α‐FAPbI3 perovskite phase is achieved by employing benzylammonium iodide (BzI) and the microscopic structure is elucidated by using solid‐state NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray scattering measurements. Perovskite solar cells based on the FAPbI3(BzI)0.25 composition achieve power conversion efficiencies exceeding 20%, which is accompanied by enhanced shelf‐life and operational stability, maintaining 80% of the performance after one year at ambient conditions.
Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Therapeutic Electrical Stimulation
Authors: Conta Giorgio , Libanori Alberto , Tat Trinny , Chen Guorui , Chen Jun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCurrent solutions developed for the purpose of in and on body (IOB) electrical stimulation (ES) lack autonomous qualities necessary for comfortable, practical, and self‐dependent use. Consequently, recent focus has been placed on developing self‐powered IOB therapeutic devices capable of generating therapeutic ES for human use. With the recent invention of the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), harnessing passive human biomechanical energy to develop self‐powered systems has allowed for the introduction of novel therapeutic ES solutions. TENGs are especially effective at providing ES for IOB therapeutic systems given their bioconformability, low cost, simple manufacturability, and self‐powering capabilities. Due to the key role of naturally induced electrical signals in many physiological functions, TENG‐induced ES holds promise to provide a novel paradigm in therapeutic interventions. The aim here is to detail research on IOB TENG devices applied for ES‐based therapy in the fields of regenerative medicine, neurology, rehabilitation, and pharmaceutical engineering. Furthermore, considering TENG‐produced ES can be measured for sensing applications, this technology is paving the way to provide a fully autonomous personalized healthcare system, capable of IOB energy generation, sensing, and therapeutic intervention. Considering these grounds, it seems highly relevant to review TENG‐ES research and applications, as they could constitute the foundation and future of personalized healthcare.
Magnetic Properties of Efficient Catalysts Based on La‐Doped Ceria‐Supported Nickel Nanoparticles for rWGS Reaction. Influence of Ni Loading
Authors: Alvarez‐Galvan Consuelo , Martínez Jose Luis , Capel‐Sanchez Maricarmen , Pascual Laura , Alonso Jose Antonio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe influence of Ni loading on Ce0.9La0.1O1.95‐supported Ni catalysts for CO2 reduction with hydrogen (reverse water gas shift reaction) is studied. The samples are prepared by solution combustion synthesis (SCS), leading to materials with high thermal resistance, purity, and crystallinity, consisting of metallic nickel nanoparticles supported on La‐doped ceria. The study of the ferromagnetic Curie temperature (TC) and magnetization cycles suggest that the Ni nanoparticles are superparamagnetic, exhibiting magnetic order at room temperature, with TC strongly dependent on the particle size; this spans from 1.9, up to 80 nm. The structural study from synchrotron X‐ray diffraction data and Raman spectroscopy clearly show the presence of oxygen vacancies in the fluorite crystal structure of the Ce0.9La0.1O2−δ matrix, which increase in the spent catalysts by forming a greater proportion of Ce3+ compared with their fresh counterparts. This is confirmed from the Raman spectra, showing an increase in the relative intensity of the band placed between 520 and 610 cm−1. All the catalysts show very high reaction rate per unit mass of catalyst; the CO2 conversion after 6 h for the catalyst with 10% Ni molar (Ni0.1/Ce0.9La0.1) is 57% (2.4 moles CO·h−1·g catalyst−1), very close to the thermodynamic equilibrium (59.3%).
A New Approach to Stable Cationic and Anionic Redox Activity in O3‐Layered Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Voronina Natalia , Yaqoob Najma , Kim Hee Jae , Lee Kug‐Seung , Lim Hee‐Dae , Jung Hun‐Gi , Guillon Olivier , Kaghazchi Payam , Myung Seung‐Taek 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHerein, stable cationic and anionic redox in an O3‐type layered Na[Ni2/3Ru1/3]O2 cathode for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) is revealed. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation shows that the electron density features change in density of state with mixing of delocalized valence states as well as localized deeper energy states of O(p), Ni(d), and Ru(d) for the highly desodiated Na1−x[Ni2/3Ru1/3]O2 electrode, revealing the covalent characteristic of the transition metal (TM)O and TMTM bonds in the charged system. These properties lead to cycling stability for 200 cycles, with ≈79% of the capacity retained at a rate of 1C (210 mA g−1). Operando X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and DFT calculations reveal the reversible electrochemical activity of the Ni2+/Ni3+ and O2−/O1− redox reactions, which are sustainable throughout the cycles. In addition, no loss of oxygen from the crystal structure of Na[Ni2/3Ru1/3]O2 occurs according to differential electrochemical mass spectrometry. The findings provide additional insight into the complex mechanism of the oxygen redox activity of high‐capacity O3‐type cathode materials for SIBs, encouraging further studies on their development.
Electrospun nanofibers fromferrocene‐containingmultiblock copolymers prepared viaRAFTpolymerization withF127modified precursor
Authors: Zhou Yingxue , Ma Jianhua , Gao Chaofeng , Fan Xiaodong , Lashari Najeeb ur Rehman , Li Junpeng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractElectrospun nanofibers from copolymers composed of ferrocene side chains and PEO100‐PPO65‐PEO100(F127) were fabricated in chloroform andN,N–dimethyl formamide solutions (V/V = 95:5) at room temperature. Ferrocene‐containing multiblock copolymers (PFcMAn‐F127‐PFcMAn) were synthesized through reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization using s‐1‐dodecyl‐s''‐ (α, α'‐dimethyl‐α''‐acetic acid) trithiocarbonate (DDMAT) modified F127 with 2‐ (methacryloyloxy) ethyl ferrocencarboxylate (FcMA). The structures of as‐obtained chemicals were characterized by FTIR,1H NMR, and13C NMR. Additionally, the block copolymers molecular weight and polydispersity were measured using gel permeation chromatography. The electrochemical responsiveness of the polymers was investigated using cyclic voltammetry as well as the thermal stabilities of polymers and precursors were tested through DSC and TGA. The morphologies of electrospun fibers were observed through field emission scanning electronic spectroscopy and a fibrous diameter of 300–1100 nm was obtained. The results indicated that the suitable molecular weight of ferrocene ‐containing polymer would be processed in nanofibrous.
Effect of the spray drying conditions on the physicochemical and structural characteristics and the stability of chia oil microparticles
Authors: Fernandes Sibele Santos , Greque Leonardo , Santos Maria de Fatima C. , de Novais Leice M. R. , D'Oca Caroline D. R. M. , Prentice Carlos , Salas‐Mellado Myriam de las M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChia oil has a high content of linolenic and linoleic acids, which are essential for the human body. However, their high degree of unsaturation (double bonds) makes the oil very susceptible to oxidation. In this context, the use of spray drying can be useful strategy to minimize the oxidation of this oil. Thus, the aim was to assess the effects of inlet temperature and feed rate conditions involved in the spray drying process on the physicochemical and morphological characteristics, and stability of the chia oil microparticles with maltodextrin and GA. The microparticles were obtained with a yield of 50%, encapsulation efficiency greater than 87%, low‐moisture content, and mean particle sizes ranging from 3.01 to 4.11 μm. The thermal evaluation and storage evidenced an increase in stability. The 1H HR‐MAS NMR technique showed that the microparticles maintained the characteristic fatty acid profile of chia oil and seeds. Results indicate that the microencapsulation methodology was suitable for preparing microparticles containing chia oil.
Synthesis of succinic acid‐based polyamide through direct solid‐state polymerization method: Avoiding cyclization of succinic acid
Authors: Li Haijie , Shang Yuting , Huang Wenrui , Xue Bingfeng , Zhang Xiaomeng , Cui Zhe , Fu Peng , Pang Xinchang , Zhao Qingxiang , Liu Minying 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSuccinic acid is an important synthetic monomer but it is difficult to use it as a precursor for synthesizing high molecular weight polyamide, due to its tendency to perform intra‐cyclization reaction at high temperature. In order to solve this problem, in this paper, the direct solid‐state polymerization (DSSP) method with the initial reactant, nylon salt which was composed of 1, 5‐diaminopentane, succinic acid, and terephthalic acid, was applied to synthesize the bio‐based copolyamide PA 5T/54. In comparison with the conventional melting polymerization method, the DSSP method can prevent the cyclization reaction of succinic acid effectively due to the lower reacting temperature as well as the restriction effect of the nylon salt. As a result, the product fabricated by DSSP method has higher molecular weight and much lighter color from red to white. Therefore, the DSSP method is advantageous for the synthesis of the polymers or copolymers composed of the succinic acid as the monomer. Furthermore, the polymerization mechanism proposed in this work can serve as a guidance for the design of the molecular structure and control of the polymerization process.
Centrifugally spun starch/polyvinyl alcohol ultrafine fibrous membrane as environmentally‐friendly disposable nonwoven
Authors: Li Xianglong , Liu Jing , Lu Yishen , Hou Teng , Zhou Jing , Wang Antuo , Zhang Xianggui , Yang Bin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe developed a new environmentally‐friendly disposable nonwoven based on centrifugally spun ST/PVA ultrafine fibrous membrane in this research. The effects of ST/PVA ratio as well as formic acid post‐treatment on thermal properties, tensile strength, and disposability of fibrous membranes were studied. To observe the morphology and chemical structures changing of fibers during fabrication and post‐treatment, the obtained fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, x‐ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The fibrous membranes with uniform fiber diameters and excellent disposability properties were formed. The ST/PVA ratio of fibers was optimized according to the disposability and tensile strength of the fibrous membranes. Disintegration of untreated and post‐treatment fibrous membrane with ST/PVA ratio of 3/1 was over 80% and 40%, respectively, and the tensile strength was improved over two times comparing with pure starch fibrous membrane.