bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary, Lifestyle, Medical, and Stress‐Relief Choices in Promoting Health
Authors: Wimalawansa Sunil J. 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionLifestyle medicine applies lifestyle interventions such as environmental, behavioral, medical, and motivational principles in the treatment and management of chronic diseases. Physical inactivity and unhealthy eating are major drivers of disease, death, and escalating healthcare costs. Behavioral modification is an important part of preventative medicine & management of chronic diseases, including diabetes, obesity, hypertension, osteoporosis, heart disease, and some cancers. Such diseases can be treated with lifestyle medicine as effectively or more effectively than with medications; but without risks of unwanted effects.Methods & InsightHormones produced by endocrine glands influence every cell, organ, and function of the body. They regulate mood, growth, metabolism, sexual and reproductive processes. Sustained elevation of stress‐hormones such as glucocorticoid and adrenaline has marked negative effects on human health. Sustained and unmanaged stress adversely affects not only the endocrine functions, but also the nervous system, which could result in depression, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and the like. Such diseases can be effectively treated with lifestyle medicine, by changing dietary and a multitude of personal habits. A key part of lifestyle medicine is to learn and apply, and teach ability of coping with day‐to‐day stresses and means of adapting to rapidly changing circumstances. Such education should be routine parts of medical and nursing educational curricula.ConclusionsMost human disorders are initiated after maladaptation to stress. Thus, learning and practicing various stress‐reducing methods, such as meditation, Tai‐chi, yoga, exercises, or relaxation methods such as a listening to music or playing a musical instrument can be helpful in alleviating excess stress. A balanced diet and regular exercise together with relaxation of the mind and body can turn the negative spiral of mental and physical imbalance and stresses into a positive impact, ensuring optimum health.Grant Funding Source: ASN
Food sources of energy and key micronutrients in diets of the Bangladeshi population
Authors: Bermudez Odilia , Lividini Keith , Smitz Marc-Francois , Fiedler John L. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo estimate food sources of energy and key micronutrients (MN), and assess intakes and risk for inadequate intakes of vitamin A (VA), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in the Bangladeshi population.MethodsFood acquisition data from the Bangladesh 2005 Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) were used to estimate food sources and intakes of energy (E), VA, Fe and Zn by applying adult equivalents (AEq) for food consumption. Intakes of Fe and Zn were adjusted by bioavailability.ResultsThe Bangladeshi population got their energy mainly from rice (71%), soybean oil (5%) and wheat (2%). VA came from spinach (32%), perbol (20%) and gourds (11%); Fe from spinach (28%), rice (23%) and wheat (7%); and Zn from rice (52%), wheat (12%) and spinach (7%). National intake of energy was 2,239 Kcal/AEq, while, for VA, Fe and Zn, intakes were: VA: 306 ug, Fe 0.75 mg and Zn 2.14 per AEq. And proportions of population at risk of inadequate intakes reached 83% for VA, 81% for Fe and 39% for Zn.ConclusionsUsing a national survey (Bangladesh 2005) with data on food acquisition, we estimated apparent food consumption and MN intakes that enabled us to estimate MN intakes, compare them to MN recommendations, and estimate the prevalence of inadequate intakes.Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Grand Challenge 9 grant
Food‐waste study in 10 classes of first grade students to examine the proposed USDA guidelines for the School Breakfast Program 2011
Authors: Carr Noelle , Kranz Sibylle 
Published: June 2021

In January of 2011, the USDA the proposed changes to the current regulations of the National School Lunch Program and School Breakfast Program. The changes include an increase the amount of foods that the schools are required to offer on a daily basis, a change that could have a significant effect on the schools. To examine the effect of increased food amount at breakfast on food consumption and food waste, this study was designed to compare two groups of first grade students: One group received the food based on the current regulations (control) while the other received the food based on the proposed regulations (test). Attendance data, solid food waste weights, and fluid waste were directly measured daily after breakfast for one week in a total of ten different classrooms. Results indicate that the test group wasted significantly more food than the control group. The students in the test group consumed on average 53.5% of the solid food served; the students in the control group consumed 70.7%. In the school district in which the study was conducted, the test breakfast menu resulted an 38.6% increase in cost/week compared to the control breakfast menu. This data indicate that children do not consume all of the currently offered foods at breakfast and that the proposed regulations may impose a significant increase in both food cost and food waste.Grant Funding Source: none
Variations in Diet Intake Across Sociodemographic Characteristics and Lifestyles in an Adult Population in San Juan, Puerto Rico (PR)
Authors: colon-ramos uriyoan , Perez-Cardona Cynthia 
Published: June 2021

Little is known about socio‐demographics of food consumption in PR. We examined differences in dietary intake (median frequency intake of fruits and vegetables (FV), tubers, fried foods and fast foods) across socio‐demographic and health‐behavior characteristics (age (years (y)), self‐reported physical activity, smoking, alcohol intake in the past 30 days, health insurance) in a representative adult population of the metropolitan area of San Juan, PR (n=858). Mann‐Whitney‐Wilcoxon or Kruskal‐Wallis test was used to assess differences in the distribution of dietary intake.Frequency of FV consumption increased significantly (p<0.05) with age and education, among Medicare users and non‐current smokers. Tuber consumption was associated with increasing age, Medicare use, and highest (≥16 y) as well uas lowest education (<12 y). Fried food consumption was highest among younger individuals (21–29 y old), males, and those who reported lower education (≤16 y), being uninsured, smoking and alcohol intake. Fast food intake was associated with young age (21–29 y), higher income (≥$20,000), private health insurance, alcohol consumption, and moderate/vigorous physical activity.Variations in food consumption across socio‐demographic and health‐related characteristics is a first step in suggesting distinctive subpopulations by preference of food, and may help in the design of health promotion messages.
A randomized trial of genetic information for personalized nutrition on behaviour outcomes
Authors: Nielsen Daiva E , El-Sohemy Ahmed 
Published: June 2021

Personal genetic information has become increasingly accessible to the public as a result of direct‐to‐consumer genetic tests, however, concerns have been raised over their value and potential risks. We compared the effects of providing genotype‐based dietary advice with general recommendations on behaviour outcomes using a randomized controlled study. Subjects aged 20–35 years (n=138) were randomized to an intervention (I) or control (C) group and were given a report of either genotype‐based or general dietary advice, respectively. A survey was completed to assess understanding and opinions of the reports. Responses were given on a 5‐point scale ranging from “strongly agree” to “strongly disagree”. Subjects reporting “strongly agree” or “somewhat agree” were grouped and the chi‐square test was used to compare frequency of “agree” to all other responses. Subjects in the intervention group were more likely to agree that they understood the report (93% (I) vs. 78% (C); p=0.009), that the advice would be useful when considering diet (88% (I) vs. 72% (C); p=0.02) and that they would like to know more about the dietary advice (95% (I) vs. 76% (C); p=0.001). Only 9% of subjects in the intervention group reported feeling uneasy about learning their genetic information. These findings suggest that individuals find dietary recommendations based on genetics more understandable and more useful than general dietary advice.Grant Funding Source : Advanced Foods and Materials Network
Evaluation of oxidative stress and energy metabolism in the heart of rats supplemented with different vitamin D doses
Authors: Santos Priscila Portugal , Rafacho Bruna , Ardisson Lidiane , Gonçalves Andrea , Pires Vanessa , Minicucci Marcos , Azevedo Paula , Campana Alvaro , Fernandes Ana Angelica , Zornoff Leonardo , Paiva Sergio 
Published: June 2021

The aim was to evaluate of different vitamin D supplementation doses in the heart of normal rats.Methods86 male rats allocated into 4 groups: control (C, n=21) received standard chow; D3 (n=22), D5 (n=22) and D10 (n=21) received 3000, 5000 and 10000 IU of cholecalciferol/kg chow for 2 monthsResultsLipid hydroperoxide was higher in D10 compared to other groups (C=143.8±13.9; D3=143.8±13.9; D5=176.3±16.1; D10=179.6±11.8 nmol/g tissue; p<0.001); the activity of antioxidants enzymes: superoxide dismutase was lower in the supplemented groups (C=21.6±4.1; D3=12.9±1.2; D5=13.2±1.7; D10=13.1±1.4 nmol/g protein; p<0,001) and glutathione peroxidase was lower in D3 and D10 compared to the C (C=40.4±6.2; D3=31.5±4.6; D5=35.5±5.2; D10=29.7±3.1 ìmol/g tissue; p<0,001). Activity of the enzymes: â‐hydroxyacyl coenzyme‐A dehydrogenase was lower in D5 and D10 compared to C and D3(C=69.9±3.8; D3=65.8±4.6; D5=44.7±3.3; D10=34.4±1.8 nmol/mg; p<0.001); citrate synthase was lower in D10 compared to other groups (C=39.8±3.2; D3=40.4±2.8; D5=39.7±2.7; D10=34.5±4.0; umol/g tissue; p=0.003) and lactate dehydrogenase (C=220±6.4; D3=209±3.6; D%=199±4.1; D10=256±3.4 nmol/mg; p<0.001) was higher in D10 compared to other groups. Vitamin D treatment showed dose‐dependent effect.ConclusionNormal rats supplemented with vitamin D3 presented higher oxidative stress and changes of cardiac energy metabolism.
Intradialytic Protein Supplementation Improves Co‐Morbid Disease Risk in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Tomayko Emily , Yudell Barbara , Jeanes Elizabeth , Kistler Brandon , Fitschen Peter , Jeong Jin Hee , Wu Pei-Tzu , Chung Hae Ryong , Evans Ellen , Wilund Kenneth 
Published: June 2021

Advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive inflammatory disorder associated with co‐morbid conditions that greatly reduce physical function and quality of life. This study investigated the effects of six months of intradialytic protein supplementation on CKD co‐morbidities. Twenty‐eight hemodialysis patients were randomized to receive a beverage of 27g whey protein (WHEY, n=8), 27g soy protein (SOY, n=10), or non‐caloric placebo (CON, n=10) before every dialysis session. At baseline and six months, physical function was measured by shuttle walk test and gait speed, markers of inflammation by ELISA, and bone density by DXA. When protein groups were combined (PRO), walk test distance increased (p<0.05) and gait speed improved (p<0.05) compared to CON. Inflammation was reduced (interleukin‐6, PRO, p<0.05; neutrophil:lymphocyte, SOY, p<0.05; acute phase protein ferritin, WHEY, p<0.05); change in IL‐6 was negatively correlated with change in walk test (r=−0.373, p=0.56). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), a marker of bone and cardiovascular disease risk, was reduced (PRO, p<0.05) and change in ALP was negatively correlated with change in whole body bone density (WbBMD) (r=−0.608, p<0.01). There was a trend for increased WbBMD in SOY (p=0.06). These results suggest benefits of chronic intradialytic protein administration, representing a low‐cost therapeutic approach for a critically ill population.Grant Funding Source : NIH 1 RO1 DK084016‐01
Dose response association of glycemic index with CHD risk: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of prospective cohorts
Authors: Mirrahimi Arash , de Souza Russell J , Chiavaroli Laura , Sievenpiper John L , Beyene Joseph , Hanley Anthony J , Augustin Livia SA , Kendall Cyril WC , Jenkins David JA 
Published: June 2021

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) events are responsible for about a third of all deaths in developed countries. Glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) have been associated with CHD risk in some cohort studies but a dose response has not been established.AimsTo conduct a meta‐analysis of GI and GL dose response association with CHD risk in cohort studies.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL for prospective cohorts of GI and GL associations with primary incidence of CHD events. Measures of risk estimation with their respective GI and GL exposure doses were pooled using random effects generalized least squares linear models and linear spline piecewise regression models to investigate dose response trends. Data were expressed as change in percent risk of CHD per unit GI with 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results9 studies were eligible, 7 had complete data for dose response analyses. No significant linear trends were observed for GI or GL dose, but in female cohorts the gradient of GI versus CHD risk was 0.15% [95%CI; 0.008–0.284] up to a GI of 78 and significantly increased to 3.82% [95%CI; 0.621–7.021] thereafter.ConclusionThese results suggest a threshold effect may exist for the association of GI with CHD events in women.Funding: Canadian Institutes of Health Research.Grant Funding Source : ASN
High‐dose oral vitamin D3 administration increases serum and prostate levels of vitamin D metabolites safely in prostate cancer patients
Authors: Wagner Dennis , Van der Kwast Theodorus , Dias Andre , Klotz Laurence , Fleshner Neil , Finelli Antonio , Vieth Reinhold 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo characterize the effect of high doses of vitamin D (VD) on its metabolite levels in prostate tissue.MethodsVitamin D3 doses (400‐, 10,000‐, or 40,000 IU/d) were randomized equally to 48 prostate cancer patients for 3–8 wk prior to radical prostatectomy. Surgical prostate tissue and serum were assayed for 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3], 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], and VD binding protein (DBP). Free VD metabolite indices were calculated as the ratio between VD metabolite and DBP concentrations. Plasma and urine calcium were monitored for safety.ResultsSerum 25(OH)D3 increased dose‐dependently over time (p<0.01). Serum 1,25(OH)2D increased with 10,000‐and 40,000 IU/d only (p<0.01). Prostate 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D, as well as their free indices, were higher with 40,000 IU/d compared to the other doses (p<0.02). Free 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D indices were significantly higher in prostate than serum (p<0.001). Calcium levels did not increase adversely with dosing.

After dosing (mean ± SD)
400 IU/d
10,000 IU/d
40,000 IU/d
P (ANOVA)

Serum 25(OH)D3 (nmol/L)
69 ± 15
128 ± 30
296 ± 69
<0.001

Serum 1,25(OH)2D (pmol/L)
119 ± 45
143 ± 36
176 ± 40
<0.001

Prostate 25(OH)D3 (nmol/kg)
94 ± 24
116 ± 27
179 ± 72
<0.001

Prostate 1,25(OH)2D (pmol/kg)
29 ± 12
29 ± 10
42 ± 19
0.01

ConclusionHigh vitamin D3 intake produced the elevated levels of VD metabolites within prostate hypothesized to protect against cancer.Grant Funding Source: Canadian Cancer Society
Inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B activation in early stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia by omega 3 fatty acids
Authors: Fahrmann Johannes Francois , Ballester Oscar , Ballester Gabriela , Witte Theodore , Salazar Alexander , Ion Gabriela , Primerano Donald , Boskovic Goran , Denvir James , Hardman Elaine 
Published: June 2021

Targeting the NFκB pathway has been proposed for therapy of various malignancies including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Omega 3 (n‐3) fatty acids consumption reduced NFκB activation in animals. Our pilot study tested the hypothesis that consumption of an n‐3 supplement would suppress NFκB activation in lymphocytes of patients with early stage CLL. The Marshall University Institutional Review Board reviewed and approved the protocol for this study under a Federal Wide Assurance (FWA #00002704) with the Office of Human Research Protections. Following informed consent, participants consumed an n‐3 supplement initially containing 2.4 g n‐3/day gradually increasing to 7.2 g n‐3/day. Blood cell counts and assay for NFκB activation of lymphocytes were performed before n‐3 initiation and monthly afterwards. Lymphocytes from 5 healthy individuals established normal NFκB activation. After n‐3 consumption: (1) n‐3 was increased in both red and white blood cells of all participants; (2) NFκB activation was suppressed in lymphocytes of all patients following consumption of n‐3; (3) expression of 32 genes in lymphocytes was significantly decreased by n‐3 in patients with higher initial NFκB activation. There was no disease progression. Omega 3 consumption suppressed NFκB activation in patients’ lymphocytes and would be expected to slow progression of early stage CLL.Grant Funding Source : Institutional Funds
In vitro models of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE): Xanthophyll uptake, metabolism and pathway‐specific gene expression
Authors: Marisiddaiah Raju , Gong Xiaoming , Wiener Doris , Rubin Lewis P 
Published: June 2021

PurposeDietary lutein (LUT) & zeaxanthin (ZEA) comprise macular pigment and may decrease risk/severity of retinal diseases through the lifespan. LUT/ZEA accumulate in RPE and protect against oxidant and photo‐damage. We established RPE cell conditions to define LUT/ZEA dynamics and study retinal pathobiologyMethodsPost‐confluent human RPE (ARPE‐19) cells were maintained up to 4–5wks. LUT uptake, metabolism and exchange were determined by HPLC. RPE genes were analyzed by qRT‐PCR and western blotting.ResultsARPE cells adopt different phenotypes depending on culture conditions and duration. We defined ‘early’ (2–5d) and ‘late’ (4–5wk) cells. LUT accumulates in time‐ and dose‐dependent manners; uptake remains unsaturated for ≥72h; cellular LUT also shows a slow, constant exchange. LUT treatment also differently alters gene expression, including receptors, carotenoid cleavage enzymes, metabolic genes, and xanthophyll binding proteins. At both timepoints, ARPE cells express CMO2>>CMO1.ConclusionARPE‐19 cells show LUT uptake, metabolism, transport and downstream gene effects. Our findings support the role of CMO2 in LUT metabolism. ‘Early’ (maturing) ARPE‐19 cells are a useful model to study mechanisms of LUT/ZEA in RPE maturation and stress‐inducible retinal pathologies.Grant Funding Source : NIH, USF, Abbott Nutrition
Intergenerational Transmission of Factors that Determine Infant Feeding Practices: a Qualitative Approach to Examining Guatemalan Maternal Experiences
Authors: Garcia Rosario , Padilla Oscar , Doak Colleen M , Vossenaar Marieke , Solomons Noel W 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesTo explore mothers’ views and behaviors regarding infant feeding practices (IFP) and to determine how grandmothers and other actors’ influences might be leveraged for enforcing appropriate IFP.MethodsMothers of children, aged <24 mo, of both Mayan and mixed‐European ascent, were recruited for qualitative research inquiry in the urban area of Quetzaltenango, Guatemala. Data was collected using semi‐structured informant interviews and reflective dialogues in focus groups. Sessions were recorded and transcribed. Information was synthesized around the concept of “agency.”FindingsThe notion that infants require certain foods to avoid illness and suffering represents a powerful ideology that influential grandmother‐generation females figures (mothers, mothers‐in‐law, aunts) transmit to nursling's mothers through mechanisms such as fear messages. Moreover, both generations share a common belief that infants innately prompt mothers to begin introduction of certain foods; this reveals an infant‐to‐mother‐directed influence on IFP.ConclusionsFuture community education initiatives should consider interpersonal and subjective determinants of IFP to promote maternal agency and the active participation of actors in both bracketing generations who influence the mothers’ IFP.Financed by the Nestlé Foundation and Sight & Life, Switzerland
Giardia duodenalis: A model of pathogen‐mediated disruptions in the human microbiota in leading to the development of chronic gastrointestinal disease
Authors: Beatty Jennifer , Akierman Sarah , Ceri Howard , Rioux Kevin , Beck Paul , Buret Andre 
Published: June 2021

Giardia duodenalis is a key pathogen causing post‐infectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome (PI‐IBS) symptoms. Underlying mechanisms are unknown, but disruptions in species distribution of the intestinal microbiota in IBS patients have been reported. The intestinal microflora exists in biofilm communities, and the effects of enteropathogens on this phenotype, in the context of PI‐IBS, remain obscure.AimTo study effects of Giardia on the structure, species, and pathogenic profile of microflora biofilms.MethodsRepresentative intestinal mucosal biofilms were cultured from human colonic mucosal biospy samples.ResultsGiardia enhances the presence of Clostridiales spp. in microflora biofilms. Giardia promotes planktonic growth in microflora biofilms by disrupting normal polysaccharide production. Giardia‐exposed biofilms induce higher levels of enterocyte apoptosis than ones incubated with control biofilms.ConclusionGiardia exposed biofilms exhibit altered structure and species composition in human microflora biofilms, and promote enterocyte apoptosis, highlighting detrimental effects of a pathogen‐modified microflora in the bowel. Supported by NSERC
Effect of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Genotype on Outcomes after Experimental Thromboembolic Stroke
Authors: Sazonova Irina Y , Hoda Md Nasrul , Zemskova Marina A , Hess David C 
Published: June 2021

Acute ischemic stroke is the one of leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the U.S. African Americans have higher risk of stroke incidence and death that is associated with endothelial dysfunction and reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide. We propose that endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout (eNOS−/−) or heterozygote (eNOS+/−) mice may be a suitable model of African American stroke.MethodsThe eNOS−/− and C57BL/6J mice were crossed to obtain eNOS+/−MAT and eNOS+/−PAT offspring (30±3 weeks; 13 mice/group). Embolic stroke was initiated by injection of a thrombus to the right middle cerebral artery. Cerebral blood flow was recorded to confirm occlusion. At 24 hours, the neurological status and brains were analyzed.ResultseNOS−/− mice were characterized by small litter size and high pup mortality. The final body weight was similar among eNOS+/−MAT, eNOS+/−PAT, and eNOS−/− mice, but significantly lower than in wild type mice (28.0±1.8 vs. 31.4±1.9; p<0.001). Cerebral blood flow, infarct size, and neurological scores were comparable in all groups. However, all nitric oxide knockout mice had markedly increased mortality compared with wild type mice (46% vs. 23%).ConclusioneNOS−/− or eNOS+/− mice may be used as a model of the cerebrovascular complications associated with abnormalities in nitric oxide signaling as seen in African Americans.Research support: NIH‐R21 award and GHSU start‐up to I.Y.S.