bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on Influence of Branch Connection That Affects to Design Length of Pressure Design Under External Pressure
Authors: Lee Kyoung-hun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Pressure design of straight pipe under external pressure is performed in accordance with ASME B31.3 and Section VIII, Division 1 of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. And design length of straight pipe shall be defined in accordance with UG-28 and UG-29.
However, there is no specific guideline about the design length which includes branch connection in piping system. Even though the branch connection is not a stiffening component, calculated result shows that increased design length can be considered for piping including the branch connection compared to straight pipe.
This paper presents the study result that shows a tendency depending on several geometry parameters (e.g. Ratio of a diameter of header pipe to a thickness of header pipe.) using elastic buckling analysis performed in accordance with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 2. In addition to the result, this paper compares the design length of straight pipe with that of piping system including the branch connection under about the same eigenvalue condition which is called as a “Buckling load multiplier”. Shell element is enough to check the tendency and compare various results by comparison with solid model, because the result is related to overall structural integrity rather than local stress. Shell element is used in the elastic buckling analysis.
Vibration Attenuation of Periodic Composite Pipeline Considering Fluid Structure Interaction
Authors: Zeng Qingna , Wang Donghui , Zang Fenggang , Zhang Yixiong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper, vibration attenuation characteristic of periodic composite pipeline is studied, focusing on the fluid structure interaction (FSI). Besides fluid velocity and pressure, Poisson coupling and friction coupling are also taken into consideration. A novel modified transfer matrix method (TMM) is proposed to investigate the distribution of band gap structures (BGs), and attenuation intensity within stop band frequency is also accurately predicted. BGs and Frequency response function for axial, transverse, torsional and their coupled modes are calculated and validated with each condition, and display excellent consistency with Shen’s results. In order to explore FSI effect of different models, pipe without fluid loading, with inner fluid taken as additional mass and pipe considering FSI effect are all presented. It is found that BGs with Bragg scattering mechanism are generated in all three models, but the distribution differs greatly, thus the FSI effect could not be ignored in practical engineering applications. The work in this paper provides novel method and useful reference for noise and vibration reduction of pipeline system conveying fluid.
Two Way Coupled Fields Multi-Physics Modeling Is Investigated as an Additional Approach to Address Fluid Elastic Instability
Authors: Breach Michael 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Two way coupled fields multi-physics modeling is investigated as an additional approach to address out-of-plane FEI. It is established in the literature that to model the damping-controlled fluid elastic instability, a finite time delay between tube vibration and fluid perturbation must be realized. The phase lag between tube vibration and flow perturbation due to damping must be adequately captured by the model. The effects of tube frequency, turbulence level, location, and mean gap velocity on the relative phase values must also be captured. This approach will allow the time delay between tube vibration and flow perturbation due to damping, as well as turbulence, and stiffness to be intrinsically modeled. We will introduce the applicability of the method to in-plane FEI in a future paper once we have based lined it against out of plane FEI empirical results.
In-Service Inspection of Extended Dry Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel, Part I: Crawler Technology Development
Authors: Meyer Ryan M. , Renshaw Jeremy , Beard Jamie , Tatman Jon , Keene Matt , Plante Paul , Fales Neil , Grant Gabriel , Wolf Uwe , Mauskar Karan , Dunn Darrell , Lin Bruce 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper describes development and demonstration of remote crawling systems to support periodic examinations of interim dry storage system (DSS) canisters for spent nuclear fuel in the USA. Specifically, this work relates to robotic crawler developments for “canister” based DSS systems, which form the majority population of DSSs in the USA for interim storage of spent nuclear fuel. Consideration of potential degradation of the welded stainless-steel canister in these systems is required for continued usage in the period of extended operation (PEO) beyond their initial licensed or certified terms. Challenges with performing the periodic examinations are associated with physical access to the canister surface, which is constrained due to narrow annulus spaces between the canister and the overpack, tortuous entry pathways, and high temperatures and radiation doses that can be damaging to materials and electronics. Motivations for performing periodic examinations and developing robotic crawlers for performing those examinations remotely will be presented, and several activities to demonstrate robotic crawlers for different DSS systems are summarized.
Transient Thermal Modeling of the High Burnup Demonstration Research Project Cask Using STAR-CCM+ and COBRA-SFS
Authors: Richmond D. J. , Fort J. A. , Suffield S. R. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The Department of Energy in collaboration with the Electric Power Research Institute is in the process of conducting the High Burnup Demonstration Project, where the objective is to characterize the performance of high-burnup fuel in long term storage. As part of this demonstration, a TN-32B dry storage cask was instrumented and loaded with spent nuclear fuel at North Anna Nuclear Generating Station in November 2017. The project cask provides a unique opportunity to gain information on spent fuel and cask performance from an in-service operational system. The cask was instrumented with thermocouples inside of the fuel assemblies, then loaded and dried using normal procedures. After the drying process a thermal soak period where the cask was left indoors was used to obtain steady temperatures for model comparison along with surface temperatures. This paper details thermal modeling validation work that was done to model both the steady state and transient cases. Two modeling tools were used to predict temperatures in the cask. The general purpose CFD and heat transfer code STAR-CCM+ was used with both a detailed pin-by-pin model along with a more efficient k-effective simplification. The other code is COBRA-SFS, a purpose-built detailed thermal modeling tool developed and maintained at PNNL. Results from all the modeling tools were compared blind to the test data. Each model utilized general design information and compared reasonably well to the blind steady state data using convection and surface temperature boundary conditions. Post-test adjustments were later made to better reflect the “as built” conditions of the cask. Based on lessons learned from the steady state analysis the vacuum drying process was modeled in both codes. Utilizing the measured loading conditions the transient models were able to compare very well with the measured data. Overall the project showed an ability to model spent fuel storage conditions very well and future work is planned to generalize the methodology used for vacuum drying.
Design and Test of Pressure Vessels for Contained Blast and Fragment Impact
Authors: Wattis Greg , Mathis James , Hunt Laura , Mullin Scott , Beissel Steven 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A special subset of pressures vessels are required to fully contain internal explosive blasts for commercial and government agencies conducting blast-related research and testing. In some cases these blast chambers must also safely contain the impact of high-speed fragments that may be created from cased munitions and devices. Both of these loading conditions require specific analysis methods, for example penetration mechanics and specialized dynamic finite element simulation. Careful attention must also be paid to the construction of these blast chambers, which typically utilize very thick steel plate, large forgings and pressings, and thorough weld procedure and inspection development. Beside the typical steel pressure vessel body, many ports are needed in such vessels, including those that house thick windows. These elements are typically the areas of highest stress concentration. Fatigue analysis is also conducted, using the predicted stress states, to ensure the pressure vessel will survive the required number of tests. Due to the potentially hazardous operation of the vessel, they must also undergo extensive post-construction proof testing to verify their safety and to validate the design/analysis approach. Methods to address the repetitive impulsive loading and fatigue failure are described in ASME BPVC Code Case 2564-5 Impulsively Loaded Pressure Vessels. An approach taken to satisfy those guidelines is described in this paper.
Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) has designed, constructed, and tested many blast chambers in the last 30 years. This paper discusses the specialized work needed for this class of vessel, including dynamic finite element analysis that accounts for shock pressure and quasi-static pressure. To illustrate the different steps specific examples are provided for key areas such as entry doorways and the viewports. Evaluation of internal shielding and transparency materials that must withstand impact are described. Example proof test methods are described and data obtained during recent projects will be included to demonstrate results.
Research on Numerical Calculation Model of Impact Load on Reef in Deep Sea
Authors: Liu Shuai , Huang Xuan , Feng Zhipeng , Jiang Xiaozhou , Wang Bihao , Wu Wanjun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the deep sea, one of the main threats to the structural safety of ships is the impact load caused by reef. This paper established a numerical calculation model which is suitable for simulating the impact load on reef in the deep sea. The model considers the coupling effects of large deformation, fluid-structure interaction, and material plastic deformation. The mesh size, material constitutive model and fluid structure coupling method are studied. The explicit dynamic analysis method is verified by the AISI experiment which there is little difference between the numerical simulation results and the experimental results. Based on the method, the model considering the effect of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) is established and the effectiveness of the FSI is verified by the theoretical results of the national military standard. Then, fluid structure interaction algorithm is studied. Finally, the model which is suitable for simulating the collision between ship and reef in deep sea is established. The effect of reef size and shape on the impact load was studied. It can be seen that the shape and size of the reef mainly affect the contact area and contact stiffness and have a great impact on the impact load. It can provide load input for the structural design of ship and ship equipments. In addition, the model has strong applicability and can be used to calculate the impact load in deep sea. However, the impact load caused by reef also depends on the material property of the ship and reefs condition of the navigation area.
Simulations of Crack Extensions in Small Arc-Shaped Tension Specimens of Uncharged and Hydrogen-Charged 21-6-9 Austenitic Stainless Steels Using Nodal Release Method
Authors: Sung Shin-Jang , Wu Shengjia , Pan Jwo , Korinko Paul S. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Crack extensions in small side-grooved arc-shaped tension specimens of uncharged and hydrogen-charged conventionally forged 21-6-9 stainless steels are simulated using two-dimensional plane strain finite element analyses with the nodal release method. The finite element analyses are conducted with the input crack extension-displacement curves from the experiments. The crack extensions are simulated by releasing the nodal points ahead of the initial crack tips. The crack extensions follow the experimental results based on the electric potential drop method. The maximum opening stresses and the separation work rates as functions of the crack extension are then determined for determination of the cohesive strength and cohesive energy for a two-dimensional cohesive zone modeling approach. With the nodal release method for crack extensions, the experimental J-R curves are shown to be significantly higher than the separation work rates and therefore the use of the experimental J-integral values as guides for the selections of the cohesive energies should be careful for small fracture specimens. The computational results are useful for identification of the varying cohesive strengths and cohesive energies for the two-dimensional cohesive zone modeling of crack extensions in small fracture specimens.
Single-Phase Elastic Metamaterials for Wave Filtering
Authors: Vasconcelos Ana C. A. , Schott Dingena , Aragón Alejandro M. , Jovanova Jovana 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses an elastic metamaterial for filtering energy from certain frequencies of an incoming wave. The unit cell, which is composed by a single material, is built to obtain a local resonance band gap. Since Bloch-Floquet’s periodic condition is enforced to the unit cell, the dynamic characteristics of the metamaterial is obtained by only evaluating such structure. The attenuation mechanism is guaranteed by visualizing bandwidths in which the wave propagation is prohibited. Such bandwidths, denoted as band gaps, are observed in the band structure diagram of the unit cell and in the transmissibility loss over the metamaterial. The assemble of unit cells with different internal geometries results in a filtering mechanism. The proposed single-phase metamaterial could be applied in structures requiring vibration control for selective frequencies.
Generalisability and performance of an OCT-based deep learning classifier for community-based and hospital-based detection of gonioscopic angle closure
Authors: Randhawa Jasmeen , Chiang Michael , Porporato Natalia , Pardeshi Anmol A , Dredge Justin , Apolo Aroca Galo , Tun Tin A , Quah Joanne HuiMin , Tan Marcus , Higashita Risa , Aung Tin , Varma Rohit , Xu Benjamin Y 
Published: October 2021

PurposeTo assess the generalisability and performance of a deep learning classifier for automated detection of gonioscopic angle closure in anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) images.MethodsA convolutional neural network (CNN) model developed using data from the Chinese American Eye Study (CHES) was used to detect gonioscopic angle closure in AS-OCT images with reference gonioscopy grades provided by trained ophthalmologists. Independent test data were derived from the population-based CHES, a community-based clinic in Singapore, and a hospital-based clinic at the University of Southern California (USC). Classifier performance was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) metrics. Interexaminer agreement between the classifier and two human examiners at USC was calculated using Cohen’s kappa coefficients.ResultsThe classifier was tested using 640 images (311 open and 329 closed) from 127 Chinese Americans, 10 165 images (9595 open and 570 closed) from 1318 predominantly Chinese Singaporeans and 300 images (234 open and 66 closed) from 40 multiethnic USC patients. The classifier achieved similar performance in the CHES (AUC=0.917), Singapore (AUC=0.894) and USC (AUC=0.922) cohorts. Standardising the distribution of gonioscopy grades across cohorts produced similar AUC metrics (range 0.890–0.932). The agreement between the CNN classifier and two human examiners (Ҡ=0.700 and 0.704) approximated interexaminer agreement (Ҡ=0.693) in the USC cohort.ConclusionAn OCT-based deep learning classifier demonstrated consistent performance detecting gonioscopic angle closure across three independent patient populations. This automated method could aid ophthalmologists in the assessment of angle status in diverse patient populations.
Changes in self-reported sexually transmitted infections and symptoms among married couples in India from 2006 to 2016: a repeated cross-sectional multivariate analysis from nationally representative data
Authors: Choi Jasmin , Bahl Deepika , Arora Monika , Xuan Ziming 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the changes in prevalence of past-year self-reported sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and its symptoms among married couples between 2006 and 2016 in India, overall and by socioeconomic status.DesignThis cross-sectional study uses the two most recent waves (2005–2006 vs 2015–2016) of nationally representative health surveys in India. We examined the changes of self-reported STI and symptoms among married couples aged 15–54 by overall and by socioeconomic status. Adjusted logistic regression was used to assess the changes, accounting for covariates and the complex survey design.SettingCross-sectional, nationally representative population-based survey in 2005–2006 and 2015–2016 from National Family Health Survey data from Demographic and Health Survey.Participants39 257 married couples aged 15–49 years for the 2005–2006 survey wave and 63 696 married couples aged 15–49 years for the 2015–2016 wave.Outcome measureSelf-reported STI was used as a primary outcome measure.ResultsIn 2016, 2.5% of married women reported having had an STI in the past year, a significant increase from 1.6% in 2006 (p<0.001). The past-year self-reported STI prevalence among married men significantly increased from 0.5% in 2006 to 1.1% in 2016 (p<0.001). Adjusted results showed that the uptrend of couples’ self-reported STI was more significant among those whose husbands are currently employed and those families in middle or higher wealth quintiles. Alarmingly, among couples who reported STI or symptoms, they were less likely to seek advice or treatment in 2016 as compared with 2006 (adjusted OR=0.50, p<0.001, 95% CI=0.40 to 0.61).ConclusionThe study identifies a substantial increase in self-reported STI prevalence with a notable treatment seeking gap among married couples in India over the past decade.
Cross-sectional study to develop and describe psychometric characteristics of a patient-reported instrument (PROFFIT) for measuring financial toxicity of cancer within a public healthcare system
Authors: Riva Silvia , Arenare Laura , Di Maio Massimo , Efficace Fabio , Montesarchio Vincenzo , Frontini Luciano , Giannarelli Diana , Bryce Jane , Del Campo Laura , De Lorenzo Francesco , Iannelli Elisabetta , Traclò Francesca , Gitto Lara , Jommi Claudio , Vaccaro Concetta Maria , Barberio Daniela , Cinieri Saverio , Porta Camillo , Del Mastro Lucia , Zagonel Vittorina , Cogoni Alessio Aligi , Bordonaro Roberto , Gimigliano Anna , Piccirillo Maria Carmela , Guizzaro Lorenzo , Gallo Ciro , Perrone Francesco 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesTo measure and explain financial toxicity (FT) of cancer in Italy, where a public healthcare system exists and patients with cancer are not expected (or only marginally) to pay out-of-pocket for healthcare.SettingTen clinical oncological centres, distributed across Italian macroregions (North, Centre, South and Islands), including hospitals, university hospitals and national research institutes.ParticipantsFrom 8 October 2019 to 11 December 2019, 184 patients, aged 18 or more, who were receiving or had received within the previous 3 months active anticancer treatment were enrolled, 108 (59%) females and 76 (41%) males.InterventionA 30-item prefinal questionnaire, previously developed within the qualitative tasks of the project, was administered, either electronically (n=115) or by paper sheet (n=69).Primary and secondary outcome measuresAccording to the protocol and the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research methodology, the final questionnaire was developed by mean of explanatory factor analysis and tested for reliability, internal consistency (Cronbach’s α test and item-total correlation) and stability of measurements over time (test–retest reliability by intraclass correlation coefficient and weighted Cohen’s kappa coefficient).ResultsAfter exploratory factor analysis, a score measuring FT (FT score) was identified, made by seven items dealing with outcomes of FT. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the FT score was 0.87 and the item-total correlation coefficients ranged from 0.53 to 0.74. Further, nine single items representing possible determinants of FT were also retained in the final instrument. Test–retest analysis revealed a good internal validity of the FT score and of the 16 items retained in the final questionnaire.ConclusionsThe Patient-Reported Outcome for Fighting FInancial Toxicity (PROFFIT) instrument consists of 16 items and is the first reported instrument to assess FT of cancer developed in a country with a fully public healthcare system.Trial registration numberNCT03473379.
Prevalence and factors associated with multimorbidity among older adults in Malaysia: a population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Shariff Ghazali Sazlina , Seman Zamtira , Zainuddin Nabilah Hanis , Omar Mohd. Azahadi , Sooryanarayana Rajini , Ariaratnam Suthahar , Mohd Tohit Noorlaili , Ho Bee Kiau , Krishnapillai Ambigga Devi , Zainal Abidin Sheleaswani Inche 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence and factors associated with multimorbidity among community-dwelling older adults in Malaysia.DesignA population-based cross-sectional study.Setting13 states and 3 Federal Territories in Malaysia.ParticipantsA total of 3966 adults aged 60 years and above were extracted from the nationwide National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2018 data set.Primary outcome measuresMultimorbidity was defined as co-occurrence of at least two known chronic non-communicable diseases in the same individual. The chronic diseases included hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and cancer.ResultsThe prevalence of multimorbidity among Malaysian older adults was 40.6% (95% CI: 37.9 to 43.3). The factors associated with multimorbidity were those aged 70–79 years (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.30; 95% CI=1.04 to 1.63; p=0.019), of Indian (AOR=1.69; 95% CI=1.14 to 2.52; p=0.010) and Bumiputera Sarawak ethnicities (AOR=1.81; 95% CI=1.14 to 2.89; p=0.013), unemployed (AOR=1.53; 95% CI=1.20 to 1.95; p=0.001), with functional limitation from activities of daily livings (AOR=1.66; 95% CI=1.17 to 2.37; p=0.005), physically inactive (AOR=1.28; 95% CI=1.03 to 1.60; p=0.026), being overweight (AOR=1.62; 95% CI=1.11 to 2.36; p=0.014), obese (AOR=1.88; 95% CI=1.27 to 2.77; p=0.002) and with abdominal obesity (AOR=1.52; 95% CI=1.11 to 2.07; p=0.009).ConclusionThis study highlighted that multimorbidity was prevalent among older adults in the community. Thus, there is a need for future studies to evaluate preventive strategies to prevent or delay multimorbidity among older adults in order to promote healthy and productive ageing.