bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency and risk factors for hydroxychloroquine retinopathy among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Abdelbaky Mohammed Salah Eldin , El Mamoun Tarek Ahmad , Mabrouk Fatma Ibrahim , Hassan Rasha Mohamad 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an antimalarial drug, recently used in COVID-19 treatment. Also it is considered over many years the cornerstone in treating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in adults and children. The incidence of retinal affection and retinal toxicity from hydroxychloroquine is rare, but even after the HCQ is stopped, loss of vision may not be reversible and may continue to progress. Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) is one of the screening methods recommended by AAO used for the diagnosis of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy. Our aim is to detect early HCQ-induced retinopathy among SLE patients and the risk factors for its development by using fundus autofluorescence.

Results
In the present study, 11.3% of the studied patients had significant visual field changes upon testing. Of those, 6.3% had abnormal fundus autofluorescence. We found a significant statistical relation between hydroxychloroquine retinopathy and the duration and cumulative dose of hydroxychloroquine therapy (p value = 0.003) and decreased best-corrected visual acuity of both eyes (p value = 0.000). There was no relationship between HCQ retinopathy detected by fundus autofluorescence and daily dose of HCQ/kg, age, sex, and SLEDAI score.

Conclusion
Frequency of SLE patients who had confirmed HCQ-induced retinopathy was 6.3%. Hydroxychloroquine could be safely used in all SLE patients regardless of age, sex, and SLE activity. Routine ophthalmological assessment is recommended for SLE patients who received HCQ especially for those who received HCQ longer than 7 years. Fundus autofluorescence is a modern objective tool which is specific for the early detection of HCQ retinopathy.
Neoliberalism's Frankenstein: Authoritarian Freedom in Twenty-First Century “Democracies”
Authors: Brown Wendy 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
What peculiar form of freedom is cultivated and promised in right-wing political formations today? How does “illiberal democracy” sew together libertarianism and authoritarianism? How is the radical disinhibition and aggressiveness contained in these formations reconciled with their claim to cultivate traditional values and restore order? This paper reflects on the complex recent histories—of neoliberalism, of nihilism, and of what Marcuse termed “repressive desublimation”—that generate the force and legitimacy of this novel development in Euro-Atlantic political life.
Quatitative morphological analysis of the venous bed of the common bile duct in postresection portal hypertension
Authors: Monastyrska N. Ya. 
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Removal of the left and right lateral lobes of the liver in white rats leads to postresection portal hypertension, which is characterized by dilation and plethora of the hepatic portal vein, mesenteric veins, esophageal and gastric veins, veins of the anterior abdominal wall, splenomegaly, ascites.Objective of the research: to study the features of structural reorganization of the venous bed of the common bile duct in postresection portal hypertension morphometrically.Materials of the research and their discussion. The venous bed of the common bile duct was studied by morphometric methods in 32 laboratory white male rats, which were divided into 2 groups: 1-st group included 15 intact animals, 2-nd - 17 rats with postresection portal hypertension, which was modeled by removal of the left and right hepatic lobes. One month after the start of the experiment, rats were euthanized by bloodletting under conditions of thiopental anesthesia. Histological micropreparations were made from the common bile duct, on which the venous bed was mophometrically studied, the outer and inner diameters of veins, wall thickness, height of endotheliocytes, diameter of their nuclei, nuclear-cytoplasmic ratios in these cells, relative volume of damaged endothelial cells were measured. Quantitative indicators were processed statistically.Results of the research and their discussion. Morphometrically it was found that in postresection portal hypertension the outer and inner diameters of veins of the common bile duct markedly increased, their wall is thinned, the height of endothelial cells, the diameters of their nuclei decreased, the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratios in endotheliocytes were disturbed, the relative volume of damaged endothelial cells increased.Conclusions. Resection of the left and right lateral lobes of the liver in white rats leads to postresection portal hypertension and pronounced remodeling of the venous bed of the common bile duct, which was characterized by increase of outer and inner diameters of veins, thinning of their wall, decrease of height of endotheliocytes and diameters of their nuclei, violation of nuclear-cytoplasmic ratios in endothelial cells, increase of relative volume of damaged endothelial cells.
Immunotropic effects of so-called slag metabolites (creatinine, urea, uric acid and bilirubin) at rats
Authors: Popovych Igor , Gozhenko Anatoliy , Kuchma Igor , Zukow Walery , Bilas Volodymyra , Koval’chuk Galyna , Ivasivka Anzhela 
Published: June 2021

Background. The study of the effect of end products of protein and nucleic acid metabolism on the immune system is of interest not only theoretical but also practical in line with the problems of urotoxins and hemodialysis. In previous studies, we found significant links between uricemia and uricosuria, on the one hand, and immune parameters, on the other hand. In this study, the spectrum of nitrogenous metabolites was expanded due to creatinine, urea and bilirubin. Material and methods. Experiment was performed on 60 healthy female Wistar rats. The plasma level and urinary excretion of the nitrogenous metabolites were determined. Immune status was assessed by thymocytogram, splenocytogram, blood leukocytogram and immunocytogram, as well as phagocytosis of blood neutrophils and monocytes. Results. Both negative and positive metabolic-immune correlations were revealed. Calculation of multiple correlation coefficients between individual metabolite parameters and constellations of immune parameters revealed the maximum immunotropic effect of uricosuria (R=0,637). This is followed by excretion of urea (R=0,617) and creatinine (R=0,606), bilirubinemia (R=0,589), creatinineemia (R=0,567), uricemia (R=0,566) and plasma urea level (R=0,500). The canonical correlation between the constellation of nitrogenous metabolites, on the one hand, and the parameters of immunity, on the other hand, was very strong: R=0,921; χ2(154)=282; p<10-6. Conclusion. Nitrogen metabolites exhibit significant immunotropic activity, both suppressor and enhancing.
Organization of preventive medical care for the patients with the diseases of the circulatory system (according to sociological survey)
Authors: Ivanyuk A. V. 
Published: June 2021

Today, when the value of health itself as a category is growing, and at the same time rapidly increase society's costs for social protection, preservation, strengthening, maintenance and restoration of health, the importance of prevention as a universal, affordable and effective way will increase many times. The objective: according to the data of sociological survey to study the state and organization of preventive medical care for the patients with circulatory system diseases. Materials and methods. In 2020 on the basis of specially developed questionnaire sociological survey of 829 patients with the diseases of circulatory system was made. All the patients referred to out-patients clinics of Kiev region. The results obtained were statistically processed. Results. Sociological survey results highlighted a number of organizational problems in preventive medical care, low level of dispensary observation, preventive activity and awareness and knowledge of the patients in prophylaxis of circulatory system diseases, prevalence of harmful habits and set out priorities, forms and problems for hygienic information of the patients under examination. Conclusions. The survey made allowed establish that preventive medical care for the patients with circulatory system diseases should be improved.
Relationships between parameters of nitrogenous metabolites and HRV in humans exposed to the factors of the accident at the Chоrnobyl Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Kuchma Igor , Gozhenko Anatoliy , Bilas Volodymyra , Huchko Bohdan , Ponomarenko Ruslan , Nahurna Yaryna , Zukow Walery , Popovych Igor 
Published: June 2021

Background. We have previously shown that nitrogenous metabolites have immunomodulatory effects, both suppressor and enhancing, both in healthy rats and in humans exposed to pathogenic influences. The immunomodulatory effect of bilirubin is probably mediated through aryl hydrocarbon receptors, and uric acid through TL- and adenosine receptors of immune cells. The question of mediators of the immunomodulatory action of urea and creatinine remains open. We hypothesized the mediating role of mediators of the autonomic nervous system and adaptation hormones. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationships between the parameters of nitrogenous metabolites, on the one hand, and HRV markers of the parameters of the autonomic nervous system - on the other hand. Material and methods. The object of observation in 1997 were 19 men and 3 women who were exposed to pathogenic factors of the accident at the Chоrnobyl nuclear power plant during the liquidation of its consequences in 1986-87. The survey was conducted twice - on admission and after two weeks of rehabilitation at the Truskavets’ Spa. The plasma and urinary concentration of the nitrogenous metabolites were determined. The state of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) was judged by the HRV parameters recorded before and after submaximal bicycle ergometric loading. Results. Both negative and positive metabolic-ANS correlations were revealed. Calculation of multiple correlation coefficients between individual metabolite parameters and constellations of HRV parameters revealed the maximum vegetotropic effect of Urea plasma (R=0,700) and Uric acid urine (R=0,623). This is followed by Urea urine (R=0,531) and Creatinine plasma (R=0,457). No significant correlations were found for Creatinine urine, Uric acid plasma and Bilirubinemia. The canonical correlation between the constellation of nitrogenous metabolites, on the one hand, and the HRV markers of ANS, on the other hand, was strong: R=0,747; χ2(28)=63; p<10-3. Conclusion. Previously identified immunomodulatory effects of urea and creatinine are realized, possibly through cholinergic and adrenergic mechanisms.
Association of glycation markers with the progression of the initial stages of diabetic non-proliferative retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Korobov Konstantin 
Published: June 2021

Relevance. In the development and progression of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), an important role belongs to the activity of the protein glycation process and the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE).Objective: To link glycation markers carboxymethyl lysine (AGE-CML) and circulating AGE receptor (sRAGE) to the progression of early-stage of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.Material and methods. 91 patients (182 eyes) with diabetes mellitus aged 42 to 80 years were examined. The control group included 25 people of the appropriate age. At the time of the initial examination and 1 year later, the NPDR stage was established according to the modified ETDRS system of clinical signs Airlie House. The content of glycation markers was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in blood plasma. MedStat and MedCalc v.15.1 (MedCalc Software bvba) software packages were used for statistical research.Results. The initial manifestations of diabetic retinal lesions occurred in 27.5% of patients, began after 7.16 ± 1.11 years and were accompanied by higher glycemia. The content of AGE-CML in diabetes mellitus was significantly increased compared to the control, which was more pronounced in the presence of initial retinal changes - was 1.3 times higher than in patients without such changes (p = 0.015). The content of sRAGE decreased several times, which was also associated with the presence of diabetic retinal changes - in their presence it was 2.2 times lower (p <0.001). The content of AGE-CML was significantly higher (1.5 times; p <0.001) in the presence of NPDR progression during 1 year of observation than without it. The content of sRAGE in the presence of progression was 1.6 times (p <0.001) lower. Conclusion. Thus, accumulation of blood AGE-CML and sRAGE reduction is connected with the occurrence and progression of NPDR.Key words: nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, type 2 diabetes mellitus, Advanced Glicated End Products, AGE-CML, sRAGE
Role of the lipid peroxidation in immunomodulating effects of the nitrogenous metabolites in rats
Authors: Gozhenko Anatoliy , Kuchma Igor , Ruzhylo Sofiya , Kovalchuk Galyna , Zukow Walery , Popovych Igor 
Published: June 2021

Background. We have previously shown that nitrogenous metabolites have immunomodulatory effects, but the question of mediators of the immunomodulation remains open. We hypothesized the mediating role of mediators of the autonomic nervous system and adaptation hormones as well as reactive oxygen species. Mediating role in the immunomodulation of neuroendocrine factors is analyzed in a previous article. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationships between the parameters of nitrogenous metabolites and lipid peroxidation as well as between latter and immune parameters subordinate modulations by nitrogenous metabolites. Material and methods. Experiment was performed on 60 healthy female Wistar rats. The plasma level and urinary excretion of the nitrogenous metabolites as well as parameters of lipid peroxidation (diene conjugates, malonic dyaldehid, superoxide dismutase, catalase) and neuroendocrine-immune complex were determined. Results. According to the canonical correlation analysis, the constellation of nitrogenous metabolites determines the state of lipid peroxidation by 38,8%. The latter, in turn, determines the constellation of immune parameters (subject to modulation by nitrogenous metabolites) by 61,4%. On the other hand, the coefficient of determination between nitrogenous metabolites and neuroendocrine parameters is 71,5%, and between the latter and immune status – 89,6%. Taken together, neuroendocrine parameters and lipid peroxidation parameters determine the pool of immune parameters subject to modulation by nitrogenous metabolites by 96,7%. It was previously shown that the coefficient of determination between nitrogenous metabolites and a number of immune parameters is 95,8%. Conclusion. The obtained results, taken together with the previous ones, prove that uric acid, bilirubin, urea and creatinine realize their immunomodulatory effects both directly through receptors of immunocytes (aryl hydrocarbon, adenosine and TL) and with the participation of mediators of autonomic nervous and endocrine systems and lipid peroxidation.
Ocrelizumab as a breakthrogh in multiple sclerosis treatment
Authors: Zaniuk Marcin , Kozłowska Marta , Gorecka Adrianna , Zawiślak Magdalena , Zimnicki Patryk 
Published: June 2021

Multiple sclerosis is the most commonly occurring inflammatory disease of the nervous system. It is estimated that over 2 million people suffer from this disease. Currently SM is untreatable, one can only try to stop the progression of the disease or reduce severity of the symptoms. There have been numerous studies on the effectiveness of other monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. A drug that offers a chance for a breakthrough in the treatment of multiple sclerosis is ocrelizumab. It is a monoclonal antibody directed against B lymphocytes expressing the CD20 antigen. Results of the studie confirm the efficacy of ocrelizumab in inhibiting ongoing nerve fiber degeneration and reducing the inflammation associated with it, as well as the near complete depletion of CD20+ B lymphocytes and partial depletion of CD20+ T lymphocytes. They also suggest that ocrelizumab is a safe and effective treatment for multiple sclerosis.Studies conducted on the therapeutic efficacy of ocrelizumab show that its effect on disease progression is superior compared to some current drugs. Ocrelizumab also has a similar safety profile to the currently used interferon β-1a. An important feature of ocrelizumab is its efficacy in the treatment of the primary progressive form of MS, where significant therapeutic efficacy with other drugs has not been seen to date.
Impact of some anthropometric characteristics on 400 meters
Authors: Rashiti N , Maliqi A , Ramadani L , Ramabaja Q , Bekolli L 
Published: June 2021

The aim of this paper was to prove the relationship between motor skills and anthropometric characteristics as a predictive system with effectiveness and results in running the discipline at 400 meters as situational-motor variables of the criteria system. The research was done by testing 60 samples of men 18 years old, ± 6 months, of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports in Prishtina. Regarding the anthropometric variable, bigger correlation has been shown by the variable dermal tipple of the arm (AMTP) which correlate positively with running in 400 meter, from which we can conclude that the fullest in the upper limbs are students, the more slowly realize running in the 400 meters and conversely. The measurements were executed during September in the hall of the Faculty, in 400 meter runs in the stadium "FadilVokrri" Prishtina. The only condition that was used during the determination of the sample was: that the students are involved in regular physical education classes (and on the day of the measurement be healthy, without the flu, cold or other symptoms). The variables which are applied in this research have been 8 anthropometric variables and 1 motor-specific variables. The results obtained after their processing indicate that the impact of anthropometric variables is higher in running 400 meters. Short distance running and long distance running reduces the impact of anthropometric parameters whereas the influence of metabolic factors of energy production is increased. These results were also confirmed using regression analysis, so that groups of predictors of anthropometric characteristics, specific motor skills that statistically significantly influenced each variable of individual criteria. The results obtained from regression analysis indicate that in the variable 400 m running from low start (MV400MU) does not affect any anthropometric variables applied.We can emphasize that the test (F-test) is more valuable if the multiple correlation is greater, in the concrete case of this paper is significant (Sig = 0.645), because the value of the F-test is = 0.753.
Focused ultrasound in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest by advanced paramedics
Authors: Brown Nick , Fothergill Rachael , McIntyre Ian , Faulkner Mark , Quinn Tom 
Published: June 2021

Background: This study describes and evaluates advanced paramedic practitioner (APP) use of focused cardiac ultrasound (FoCUS) in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), and relates ultrasound findings with decisions to terminate resuscitation. The authors report characteristics of patients who do/do not undergo a FoCUS examination by APPs, ultrasound probe positions used and whether FoCUS findings were associated with decisions to terminate resuscitation or to convey patients to an emergency department (ED) with ongoing resuscitation. Method: A retrospective, observational cohort study of all adult medical OHCA patients attended by APPs in Greater London during 2018 was carried out using data from emergency medical services (EMS) and APP databases. Results: Twenty-eight APPs attended 1444 OHCA patients in 2018, of whom 744 underwent FoCUS. The subcostal probe position was used most frequently (74%), followed by the parasternal long axis (19%), with significantly smaller use of the parasternal short axis and apical windows. Absence of spontaneous cardiac motion (SCM) was associated with resuscitation being terminated (333 out of 391; 85%) and the presence of SCM was associated with conveyance to the emergency department (213 out of 264 patients; 80%). All decisions to terminate resuscitation were within the APP scope of practice. Conclusion: The authors believe this is the largest prehospital study involving FoCUS in OHCA. An association between FoCUS findings and decisions made to either convey patients to hospital or terminate resuscitation was found. The SC window was most used and ROLE decisions were deemed to be in accordance with local guidance and practice.
Community paramedicine home visits: patient perceptions and experiences
Authors: Hughes Stephen , Seenan Christopher 
Published: June 2021

Background:Community paramedicine (CP) is an emerging model of community-based healthcare delivered around the world by paramedics with additional skills, education and training. There is a lack of qualitative research on patient perceptions and experiences of this phenomenon.Aims:The study aimed to explore patient perceptions and experiences of CP home visits delivered by specialist paramedics (SPs) in a Scottish urban general practice home-visit setting. Patient acceptance and CP primary-care strategic value were examined.Methods:An explorative qualitative study using purposive sampling, semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis.Findings:Five main themes were identified: provide a well-communicated, professional, knowledgeable and comprehensive home visit consultation; SP-patient relationship and continuity of care; acceptance of SP home visits in place of GP home visits; quicker response and an increased possibility of a home visit; and limitations of the SP role.Conclusion:Patient perceptions and experience of CP were positive, with patients accepting this model of care. Opportunities to improve healthcare, including better continuity or care and health monitoring, were found.
Frequency-angular distribution for terahertz emission of single-color laser filament plasma under an electrostatic field
Authors: Seleznev Leonid V. , Rizaev Georgy E. , Pushkarev Dmitrii V. , Koribut Andrey V. , Gerasimova Yulia A. , Grudtsyn Yakov V. , Savinov Sergey A. , Mityagin Yury A. , Mokrousova Daria V. , Ionin Andrey A. 
Published: June 2021

Frequency-angular distributions for THz emission in the range of 0.1–3 THz generated in a single-color laser filament plasma both under an electrostatic field and without one are experimentally studied for what we believe is the first time. The angular distribution for various spectral components of this THz emission is demonstrated to differ significantly. The maximal propagation angles for these components increase under the electric field. The angular distribution for the low-frequency THz emission depends significantly on the laser pulse energy in contrast to the case of no electric field. An increase in the laser pulse energy leads to a decrease of the propagation angles for low-frequency THz emission and to disappearance of the local minimum in the angular distribution on the propagation axis.