bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 shedding dynamics across the respiratory tract, sex, and disease severity for adult and pediatric COVID-19
Authors: Chen Paul Z , Bobrovitz Niklas , Premji Zahra A , Koopmans Marion , Fisman David N , Gu Frank X 
Published: August 2021

Background:Previously, we conducted a systematic review and analyzed the respiratory kinetics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (Chen et al., 2021). How age, sex, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity interplay to influence the shedding dynamics of SARS-CoV-2, however, remains poorly understood.Methods:We updated our systematic dataset, collected individual case characteristics, and conducted stratified analyses of SARS-CoV-2 shedding dynamics in the upper (URT) and lower respiratory tract (LRT) across COVID-19 severity, sex, and age groups (aged 0–17 years, 18–59 years, and 60 years or older).Results:The systematic dataset included 1266 adults and 136 children with COVID-19. Our analyses indicated that high, persistent LRT shedding of SARS-CoV-2 characterized severe COVID-19 in adults. Severe cases tended to show slightly higher URT shedding post-symptom onset, but similar rates of viral clearance, when compared to nonsevere infections. After stratifying for disease severity, sex and age (including child vs. adult) were not predictive of respiratory shedding. The estimated accuracy for using LRT shedding as a prognostic indicator for COVID-19 severity was up to 81%, whereas it was up to 65% for URT shedding.Conclusions:Virological factors, especially in the LRT, facilitate the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19. Disease severity, rather than sex or age, predicts SARS-CoV-2 kinetics. LRT viral load may prognosticate COVID-19 severity in patients before the timing of deterioration and should do so more accurately than URT viral load.Funding:Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant, NSERC Senior Industrial Research Chair, and the Toronto COVID-19 Action Fund.
Masteroppgaver som viktige bidrag til kunnskapsbasert helsefremmende arbeid?
Authors: Rønningen Grete Eide , Ausland Liv Hanson , Torp Steffen 
Published: August 2021

I denne kvalitative studien undersøkes hvordan masteroppgavene kan bidra til kunnskapsbasen i helsefremmende arbeid. Studien er basert på en gjennomgang av masteroppgaver i helsefremmende arbeid fra perioden 2008 – 2018 ved ett universitet i Norge, samt et fokusgruppeintervju med den akademiske faggruppen tilknyttet dette masterstudiet. Data er analysert ved hjelp av innholdsanalyse. Analysen viser at masteroppgavene speiler emnet som beskrevet i internasjonale konsensusdokumenter om undervisning og forskning i helsefremmende arbeid, og svarer på forskningsbehov relatert til helsefremmende praksis. For at masteroppgavene skal kunne bidra til fagets forskningsbase, kreves fagfellevurderte publikasjoner. Slike publikasjoner forutsetter innsats fra både studenten og veilederen, noe som kan være en utfordring for begge parter på grunn av mangel på ressurser. Det er behov for organisatorisk tilrettelegging for å skape en kultur for publisering av masteroppgaver i vitenskapelige tidsskrifter.
Abstract
Master’s theses as important contributions to knowledge-based health promotion?
This qualitative study examines how master's theses can contribute to the knowledge base of health promotion. The study is based on a review of master's theses published from 2008 – 2018 in one university in Norway, and a focus group interview with university academics working at the current health promotion program. Data were analyzed using content analysis. The analysis shows that the master's theses mirror the subject matter as described in international consensus documents on teaching and research on health promotion. In addition, they provide new knowledge about local health promotion practice and research needs. For master's theses to be able to contribute to the research base, peer-reviewed publications are required. Such publications require efforts from both the student and the supervisor and can be difficult to achieve due to lack of resources. There is a need for organizational support to create a culture for publishing master’s theses in scientific journals.
Association of serum fetuin-B with insulin resistance and pre-diabetes in young Chinese women: evidence from a cross-sectional study and effect of liraglutide
Authors: Xia Xuyun , Xue Shiyao , Yang Gangyi , Li Yu , Liu Hua , Chen Chen , Li Ling 
Published: August 2021

Background and Aims
Fetuin-B has been reported to be involved in glucose and lipid metabolism and associated with the occurrence of diabetes. The main purpose of this study is to explore the changes of circulating fetuin-B in young women with pre-diabetes and to analyze the relationship between fetuin-B and the occurrence and development of IR.

Methods
A total of 304 women were enrolled in this study and subjected to both OGTT and EHC. A subgroup of 26 overweight/obese womenwas treated with Lira for 24 weeks. serum fetuin-B concentrations were measured by ELISA.

Results
In IGT and IR-NG groups, serum fetuin-B levels were higher than those in the NGT group. The serum fetuin-B levels in the IGT group were higher than those in the IR-NG group. serum fetuin-B was positively correlated with BMI, WHR, 2h-BG, FIns, HbA1c, and HOMA2-IR, but negatively correlated with the M-value in all study populations. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the M-value was independently and inversely associated with serum fetuin-B. Logistic regression analysis showed that serum fetuin-B was independently associated with IGT and significantly increased the risk of IGT. During the OGTT, serum fetuin-B increased significantly in the NGT group, but there were no significant changes in other groups. During the EHC, serum fetuin-B increased in the IGT group, but there was no change in other groups. After Lira intervention, serum fetuin-B decreased significantly in IGT women.

Conclusions
serum fetuin-B levels are elevated in young women with IR or IGT and may be associated with IR.
Assessment of Genetic Variability and Transmissibility Index in Rice Genotypes (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Sheera Ashish , Aftab Nashra , Rout Sandeep , Mishra Udit Nandan , Sharma Bupesh , Sivasankar R. 
Published: August 2021

Aim: To assess the Genetic Variability among the accession/ genotype and its contributing traits.
Methodology: A field experiment was conducted using 35 genotypes including 2 checks of rice during the season of kharif, 2017, at the Field Experimental Centre, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, SHUATS, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh to evaluate genetic variation and heritability of yield and related traits. The experiment was designed with a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed significant difference among the genotypes for all traits indicating existence of genetic variability among the accessions.
Results: Highest genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were recorded for Spikelet’s per panicle, tillers per hill, panicle per hill and grain filling. High heritability in broad sense was obtained for days to 50% flowering (99.6%), days to maturity (98.7%), test weight (97.9%), harvest index (96.9%) and grain yield per hill (96.6%) which is indicating the high heritable portion of variation. High to medium estimate of heritability in genetic advance were obtained for grain yield (38.51), spikelet’s/ panicle (37.94), panicle/ hill (36.97) were indicating the roles of additive gene action and good scope of selection using their phenotype performance.
Interpretation: Considering, all of these characters, spikelet’s per panicle, days to 50% flowering and days to maturity were important yield related traits and could be used for selection in future rice breeding programme.
Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Salvia hispanica
Authors: Dib Hanane , Seladji Meryem , Bencheikh Fatima Zohra , Faradji Meriem , Benammar Chahid , Belarbi Meriem 
Published: August 2021

Background: There is a growing interest worldwide to identify novel functional foods able to exert important biochemical activities with low or without toxic effect. Accordingly, the use of Salvia hispanica L. (chia) a Mexican herb, has tremendously grown as an agriculture crop owing to the nutritional and medicinal values. The objective of this study was to evaluate phytochemical composition of chia seeds and prove their claim for functional properties.
Materials and Methods: The determination of total phenolic, flavonoid and condensed tannin contents of chia seeds were carried out by the Folin-Ciocalteu, the aluminum trichloride and the vanilline acid spectrometric methods. Antioxidant activities of chia seeds extracts were assessed using free radical scavenging assay DPPH, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Potential FRAP and β-Carotene bleaching assay.
Results: Chia seeds contain high levels of total phenolic and flavonoid contents 19.06±0.14 mg GAE/ g DW and 12.3±0.04 mg CE/g DW, respectively. The content of condensed tannins was estimated at 8.32±0.01 mg CE/g DW. The flavonoid extract showed a higher antioxidant potential against DPPH, FRAP and the bleaching of β-Carotene (0.27±0.00, 0.06±0.03 and 0.39±0.01 mg/mL, respectively).
Conclusion: Following the obtained results, we should explore the use of this seeds in food products due its nutritional and chemical composition, possible human health benefits and role as a functional food.
School Outcomes of Students with and At Risk for Disabilities in Poverty: An Evaluation of School-Based Interventions in the U.S.
Authors: Kim Sunyoung , Yan Min-Chi , Wang Jing , Lequia Jenna 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPoverty as a cultural factor affects students' school success and outcomes. In the current literature review, we aimed at providing a comprehensive analysis of intervention research designed to support school outcomes of students aged 3 to 21 years with disabilities or at risk for developing disabilities in high-poverty contexts. Eighteen studies were included in this review (16 group designs, 1 single case design, and 1 group design with embedded single case), with a total of 1782 student participants. Results indicated that most of the research studies designed for students in poverty focused on their language skills (e.g., reading, vocabulary, literacy) with various interventions. Most of the group design studies met the quality indicators (Gersten et al., 2009) with a low standard, although all single case studies met the quality indicators by higher than 80% (Kratochwill et al., 2013). As for the analysis of cultural responsiveness, we found that most studies provided limited information reflecting culturally responsive research (Trainor & Bal, 2014). Discussion and implication for practice and research are provided.
Manganese Ferrite Nanoparticles Encapsulated into Vitamin E/Sphingomyelin Nanoemulsions as Contrast Agents for High‐Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Díez‐Villares Sandra , Ramos‐Docampo Miguel A. , da Silva‐Candal Andrés , Hervella Pablo , Vázquez‐Ríos Abi J. , Dávila‐Ibáñez Ana B. , López‐López Rafael , Iglesias‐Rey Ramón , Salgueiriño Verónica , Fuente María de la 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most powerful non‐invasive imaging modalities used in clinics due to its great spatial resolution and excellent soft‐tissue contrast, though still less sensitive than other techniques such as the nuclear imaging modalities. This lack of sensitivity can be improved with the use of contrast agents based on nanomaterials. In recent years, researchers have focused on the development of magnetic nanoparticles, given their role as enhancers of the contrast signal based on the magnetic resonance. Manganese ferrite nanoparticles stand out, given their high magnetic susceptibility and magnetic soft nature. Herein, 10 nm MnFe2O4 nanoparticles, functionalized with the natural antioxidant vitamin E (VitE‐MFO) are encapsulated into simple, biodegradable and non‐toxic nanoemulsions (NEs), by a reproducible one‐step method obtaining stable 150 nm‐sized magnetic nanoemulsions (VitE‐MFO‐NEs). After encapsulation, the superparamagnetic properties of VitE‐MFO are maintained and MR imaging studies reveal an extremely high transverse relaxivity for VitE‐MFO‐NEs (652.9 × 10−3 m−1 s−1), twofold higher than VitE‐MFO value. Moreover, VitE‐MFO‐NEs show great in vivo biocompatibility and good signal in in vivo and ex vivo MRI, which indicates their great potential for biomedical imaging enhancing the negative MR contrast and significantly improving the sensitivity of MRI.
PEG‐Polymer Encapsulated Aggregation‐Induced Emission Nanoparticles for Tumor Theranostics
Authors: Dai Jun , Dong Xiaoqi , Wang Quan , Lou Xiaoding , Xia Fan , Wang Shixuan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the field of tumor imaging and therapy, the aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) effect of fluorescent dyes at high concentration is a great challenge. In this regard, the aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) show great potential, since AIEgens effectively overcome the ACQ effect and have better fluorescence quantum yield, photobleaching resistance, and photosensitivity. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐polymer is the most commonly used carrier to prepare nanoparticles (NPs). The advantage of PEGylation is that it can greatly prolong the metabolic half‐life and reduce immunogenicity and toxicity. Considering that the hydrophobicity of most AIEgens hinders their application in organisms, the use of PEG‐polymer encapsulation is an effective strategy to overcome this obstacle. Importantly, bioactive functional groups can be modified on PEG‐polymers to enhance the biological effect of NPs. The combination of powerful AIEgens and PEG‐polymers provides a new strategy for tumor imaging and therapy, which is promising for clinical application.
Full‐Color Electrophoretic Display Using Charged Colloidal Arrays of Core–Shell Microspheres with Enhanced Color Tunability in Non‐Polar Medium
Authors: Park Eunseon , Lee Seungju , Lee Hyunjung , Lee Wonmok 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, core–shell microspheres of poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(t‐butylmethacrylate) (PtBMA) are synthesized and dispersed in a non‐polar medium exhibiting a structural color in the visible range. The charge stabilization of the PMMA–PtBMA microsphere is achieved because of preferential adsorption of the charged inverse micelles of aerosol‐OT (AOT) on the microsphere surface. While the PtBMA shell enables the dispersion of the microspheres in isoparaffinic fluid, the PMMA core provides an enhanced refractive index contrast with the medium. In comparison to PtBMA‐only microsphere, incorporation of PMMA core not only increases the average refractive index but also increases the surface charge density of the microsphere, which is attributed to strong attraction between the inverse micelles and the microsphere. The optimized crystalline colloidal array (CCA) of the PMMA–PtBMA microsphere shows stronger structural colors than those of the PtBMA‐only spheres because of an enhanced index contrast with the liquid medium, and an improved color tunability is also achieved. A CCA exhibits approximately 50% light transmittance, demonstrating a semi‐transparent display. The repeated voltage biases proved that a CCA has excellent stability. Finally, a low‐angular dependency of the PMMA–PtBMA CCA is confirmed, which is an advantageous feature as an electrophoretic display.
Bipolar Molecules with Hybridized Local and Charge‐Transfer State for Highly Efficient Deep‐Blue Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with EQE of 7.4% and CIEy ∼ 0.05
Authors: Zheng Yu , Zhu Xiangyu , Ni Zhigang , Wang Xianhui , Zhong Ziting , Feng Xin Jiang , Zhao Zujin , Lu Hua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDonor−acceptor molecules with hybridized local and charge transfer (HLCT) excited state have been demonstrated to be an efficient strategy for achieving high performance electroluminescence by harvesting both singlet and triplet excitons. In this study, a series of bipolar D−A molecules with twisted bridge are synthesized and these chromophores exhibit good thermal, morphological and photophysical properties, electrochemical stabilities as well as HLCT excited state features. Excellent deep‐blue electroluminescence (EL) performances are achieved using CSiTPI (external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 7.1% and CIEx,y coordinates of (0.16, 0.06) in a nondoped OLED) and DSiTPI (EQE of 7.4% and CIEx,y of (0.16, 0.05) in a doped OLED) as emitters with small full width at half maxima (FWHM, 45−48 nm). Devices using DSiTPI and CSiTPI as hosts are also fabricated and all the devices show high EL performances and small efficiency roll‐offs. A green device with DSiTPI acquires maximum current, power, and EQE of 78.5 cd A−1, 72.5 lm W−1, and 20.8%. The research demonstrates that excellent deep‐blue EL performances with good color purity can be achieved using D−A emitters with highly twisted bridge in HLCT OLEDs.
Enhancing the Switching Performance of CH3NH3PbI3 Memristors by the Control of Size and Characterization Parameters
Authors: Gogoi Himangshu Jyoti , Mallajosyula Arun Tej 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper analyzes the effects of scaling and measurement conditions on the performance of hybrid organic inorganic perovskite (HOIP) devices having bipolar resistive switching characteristics. Electroforming voltage, SET current, and ON/OFF ratios are found to be area dependent. Linear voltage sweep and pulse voltage characterization showed that parameters such as compliance current, voltage scan rate, pulse width, amplitude, and frequency significantly alter the device switching parameters. The CH3NH3PbI3 memristors fabricated has FORMING, SET, and RESET voltages of 1.18, 0.17, and −0.13 V, respectively, along with an ON/OFF ratio of 1.3 × 103. It has been found that, both the RESET voltage and current significantly increase with scan rate, whereas the ON/OFF ratio increases significantly with compliance current. In case of voltage pulse characterization, the ON/OFF ratio can be enhanced by increasing the pulse amplitude and width. Additionally, the experimental data fitting to a SPICE based analytical model establishes that the HOIP memristor current conduction is dominated by tunneling process in the OFF state and is ohmic in the ON state. Based on the results, the authors arrive at a general protocol that can be used to characterize memristors made of HOIPs and other related materials such that they can operate optimally.
Episodic defoliation rapidly reduces starch but not soluble sugars in an invasive shrub, Tamarix spp.
Authors: Hultine Kevin R. , Dehn Donna , Bush Susan E. , Acharya Kumud , D'Antonio Carla , Dudley Tom L. , Healey John , Hull Julia B. , Koepke Dan F. , Long Randall W. , Potts Dan L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPremisePlants rely on pools of internal nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs: soluble sugars plus starch) to support metabolism, growth, and regrowth of tissues damaged from disturbance such as foliage herbivory. However, impacts of foliage herbivory on the quantity and composition of NSC pools in long‐lived woody plants are currently unclear. We implemented a controlled defoliation experiment on mature Tamarix spp.—a dominant riparian woody shrub/tree that has evolved with intense herbivory pressure—to test two interrelated hypotheses: (1) Repeated defoliation disproportionately impacts aboveground versus belowground NSC storage. (2) Defoliation disproportionately impacts starch versus soluble sugar storage.MethodsHypotheses were tested by transplanting six Tamarix seedlings into each of eight cylinder mesocosms (2 m diameter, 1 m in depth). After 2.5 years, plants in four of the eight mesocosms were mechanically defoliated repeatedly over a single growing season, and all plants were harvested in the following spring.ResultsDefoliation had no impact on either above‐ or belowground soluble sugar pools. However, starch in defoliated plants dropped to 55% and 26% in stems and roots, respectively, relative to control plants, resulting in an over 2‐fold higher soluble sugar to starch ratio in defoliated plants.ConclusionsThe results suggest that defoliation occurring over a single growing season does not impact immediate plant functions such as osmoregulation, but depleted starch could limit future fitness, particularly where defoliation occurs over multiple years. These results improve our understanding of how woody plants cope with episodic defoliation caused by foliage herbivory and other disturbances.
The phenotypic spectrum of AMER1‐related osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis: The first Canadian cohort
Authors: Heikoop David , Brick Lauren , Chitayat David , Colaiacovo Samantha , Dupuis Lucie , Faghfoury Hanna , Goobie Sharan , Mendoza Roberto , Napier Melanie , Nowaczyk Margaret , Oh Rachel , Silver Josh , Prasad Chitra , Saleh Maha 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOsteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis (OSCS; OMIM# 300373) is a rare X‐linked disorder caused by mutations of the AMER1 gene. OSCS is traditionally considered a skeletal dysplasia, characterized by cranial sclerosis and longitudinal striations in the long bone metaphyses. However, OSCS affects many body systems and varies significantly in phenotypic severity between individuals. This case series focuses on the phenotypic presentation and development of individuals with OSCS. We provide an account of 12 patients with OSCS, ranging from 5 months to 38 years of age. These patients were diagnosed with OSCS after genetic testing confirmed pathogenic mutations in AMER1. Patient consent was obtained for photos and participation. Data were collected regarding perinatal history, dysmorphic features, and review of systems. This case series documents common facial dysmorphology, as well as rare extraskeletal features of OSCS, including two patients with intestinal malrotation and two patients with pyloric stenosis. We share four apparently nonmosaic males with OSCS (one de novo and three maternal variants). We also provide a clinical update on a patient who was previously published by Chénier et al. (2012). American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, 158, 2946–2952. More research is needed to investigate the links between genotype and phenotype and assess the long‐term comorbidities and overall quality of life of individuals with OSCS.
Thermally stable poly (acrylic acid‐acrylamide‐biomass‐fly ash) composites with improved temperature resistance and salt resistance
Authors: Liu Yanxia , Yan Yangtian , Zhao Lin , Zhang Yagang , Zhang Letao , Zan Xingjie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEngineering functional materials from biomass and industrial waste is of great significance for sustainable chemistry and engineering. Bio‐based poly (acrylic acid‐acrylamide‐biomass‐fly ash) (PAABF) composites with appropriate densities were designed. Graft copolymer composites were prepared for the first time by combining biomass and fly ash as graft materials with acrylic acid and acrylamide as monomers. The results showed that PAABF composites have a three‐dimensional network structure. Cellulosic biomass (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, cattail cellulose) and fly ash improved the thermal stability, water absorption, water retention, temperature resistance, and salt resistance of the composites. PAABF composites can be used as water plugging profile control agent for oilfield with high‐salinity and deep burial.