bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Utility of Echocardiography in Paediatric Patients with Musculoskeletal Infections and Bacteremia
Authors: Trivellas Andromahi , Brodke Dane , Hu Vivian , de St Maurice Annabelle , Krogstad Paul , Silva Mauricio , Thompson Rachel M. 
Published: November 2021

Purpose The clinical utility of echocardiography in the setting of a positive blood culture in paediatric patients presenting with osteomyelitis (OM) and/or septic arthritis (SA). Methods Retrospective review between 2013 and 2019: Patients < 18 years with OM, SA or combined infection (OM+SA) were included. Patients were excluded for immunodeficiency, loss of follow-up or penetrating infection. Charts with positive blood cultures were reviewed for echocardiography on that admission. Demographic variables were compared utilizing the Student's t-test and Fisher's exact test. A multivariable linear regression model was constructed to examine the association between echocardiography and length of stay, controlling for age, sex, fever, white blood cell (WBC) on admission, antibiotic administration and surgery performed. Results Of 157 patients with OM, SA or combined infection, 44 had a positive blood culture. In all, 26 had an echocardiogram, and none showed endocarditis. Echocardiography was independently associated with a 6.2-day length of stay increase. WBC count and surgical intervention demonstrated a trend toward significance in length of stay, with each WBC unit increase associated with a 0.53-day increase. Surgical intervention was associated with an average 6.3-day length of stay decrease. Conclusion No patient had a positive echocardiogram, and no changes in management were initiated. However, an echocardiogram increased stay by 6.2 days. In addition to costs associated with increased stay, patients were billed between $1460 and $1700 per echocardiogram. The utility of echocardiograms in the setting of bacteremia associated with musculoskeletal infections in the paediatric population should be re-examined, and guidelines should be updated to reflect the cost-benefit analysis. Level of Evidence III
Determinants of late detection and advanced-stage diagnosis of breast cancer in Nigeria
Authors: Agodirin Olayide , Olatoke Samuel , Rahman Ganiyu , Kolawole Oladapo , Oguntola Saliu , Olasehinde Olalekan , Ayandipo Omobolaji , Olaogun Julius , Katung Aba , Etonyeaku Amarachukwu , Habeeb Olufemi , Adeyeye Ademola , Agboola John , Akande Halimat , Akanbi Olusola , Fatudimu Oluwafemi , Ajiboye Anthony 
Published: November 2021

Late detection of Breast cancer(BC) and progressing with advanced-stage diagnosis after early detection contribute differently to the challenges of managing BC in Africa. Understanding the difference may improve cancer education programs and their effectiveness.

Objective
To describe the risk factors for late detection and advanced-stage diagnosis among patients who detected their BC early.

Method
Using secondary data, we analyzed the impact of socio-demographic factors, premorbid experience, BC knowledge, and health-seeking pattern on the risk of late detection and advanced-stage diagnosis after early BC detection. Test of statistical significance in SPSS and EasyR was set at 5% using Sign-test, chi-square tests (of independence and goodness of fit), odds ratio, or risk ratio as appropriate.

Result
Most socio-demographic factors did not affect detection size or risk of disease progression in the 405 records analyzed. High BC knowledge, p-value = 0.001, and practicing breast self-examination (BSE) increased early detection, p-value = 0.04, with a higher probability (OR 1.6 (95% CI 1.1–2.5) of detecting <2cm lesions. Visiting alternative care (RR 1.5(95% CI 1.2–1.9), low BC knowledge (RR 1.3(95% CI 1.1–1.9), and registering concerns for hospital care increased the risk of advanced-stage diagnosis after early detection (64% (95% CI 55–72)). Adhering to the monthly BSE schedule reduced the risk of advanced-stage diagnosis by -25% (95% CI -49, -1.1) in the presence of socioeconomic barriers.

Conclusion
Strategies to increase BC knowledge and BSE may help BC downstaging, especially among women with common barriers to early diagnosis.
Predicting suicidal thoughts and behavior among adolescents using the risk and protective factor framework: A large-scale machine learning approach
Authors: Weller Orion , Sagers Luke , Hanson Carl , Barnes Michael , Snell Quinn , Tass E. Shannon 
Published: November 2021

Introduction
Addressing the problem of suicidal thoughts and behavior (STB) in adolescents requires understanding the associated risk factors. While previous research has identified individual risk and protective factors associated with many adolescent social morbidities, modern machine learning approaches can help identify risk and protective factors that interact (group) to provide predictive power for STB. This study aims to develop a prediction algorithm for STB among adolescents using the risk and protective factor framework and social determinants of health.

Methods
The sample population consisted of more than 179,000 high school students living in Utah and participating in the Communities That Care (CTC) Youth Survey from 2011-2017. The dataset includes responses to 300+ questions from the CTC and 8000+ demographic factors from the American Census Survey for a total of 1.2 billion values. Machine learning techniques were employed to extract the survey questions that were best able to predict answers indicative of STB, using recent work in interpretable machine learning.

Results
Analysis showed strong predictive power, with the ability to predict individuals with STB with 91% accuracy. After extracting the top ten questions that most affected model predictions, questions fell into four main categories: familial life, drug consumption, demographics, and peer acceptance at school.

Conclusions
Modern machine learning approaches provide new methods for understanding the interaction between root causes and outcomes, such as STB. The model developed in this study showed significant improvement in predictive accuracy compared to previous research. Results indicate that certain risk and protective factors, such as adolescents being threatened or harassed through digital media or bullied at school, and exposure or involvement in serious arguments and yelling at home are the leading predictors of STB and can help narrow and reaffirm priority prevention programming and areas of focused policymaking.
Personality impacts fear of childbirth and subjective birth experiences: A prospective-longitudinal study
Authors: Asselmann Eva , Garthus-Niegel Susan , Martini Julia 
Published: November 2021

Background
Previous research suggests that less emotionally stable, less conscientious, less extraverted, and less agreeable women tend to suffer from higher fear of childbirth and experience their delivery as worse. Moreover, there is evidence that birth characteristics and unexpected incidents during delivery may impact women’s birth experiences. However, it remains unknown whether the role of personality in subjective birth experiences varies between women with different birth characteristics.

Methods
We used data from the Maternal Anxiety in Relation to Infant Development (MARI) Study, a regional-epidemiological study among pregnant women, who were prospectively followed up in multiple waves across the peripartum period. During pregnancy, personality was assessed with the short version of the Big Five Inventory. The Wijma Delivery Expectancy/ Experience Questionnaire was used to measure fear of childbirth (version A) during pregnancy and subjective birth experiences (version B) within the first 10 days after delivery.

Results
Linear regressions revealed that lower levels of emotional stability, agreeableness, and extraversion predicted higher fear of childbirth during pregnancy. Moreover, personality affected subjective birth experiences especially in women with specific birth characteristics: Lower emotional stability predicted worse subjective birth experiences in women with (vs. without) a preterm delivery, and higher conscientiousness predicted worse subjective birth experiences in women with an emergency cesarean section (vs. spontaneous delivery). Subjective birth experiences were also worse in less emotionally stable and less open women with (general) anesthesia (vs. no anesthesia) during delivery. Finally, higher emotional stability predicted a subjective birth experience that was worse than expected, particularly in multiparous women and women without anesthesia during delivery.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that less emotionally stable, less conscientious, and less open women tend to experience their delivery as worse particularly in case of unexpected incidents (i.e., preterm delivery, emergency cesarean section, and necessity of anesthetics) and might thus profit from early targeted interventions.
Periodontal diseases and potential risk factors in Egyptian adult population—Results from a national cross-sectional study
Authors: Abou El Fadl Reham Khaled , Abdel Fattah Mona Ahmed , Helmi Muhammad Ahmed , Wassel Mariem Osama , Badran Amira Saad , Elgendi Huda Ahmed Amin , Allam Mona Ezz Eldien , Mokhtar Ahmed Gamal , Saad Eldin Mostafa , Ibrahim Eslam Ahmed Yahia , Elgarba Bahaaeldeen M. , Mehlis Mustafa 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundDespite the interdependence of general and periodontal health, there is paucity of national representative data on the prevalence of periodontal diseases and their associated risk factors in Egyptian population. This cross-sectional study, thus, aimed to assess the prevalence of periodontitis and tooth loss among Egyptian adults and investigate the association between potential risk factors and periodontal diseases.MethodsA total of 5,954 adults aged ≥ 20 years were included in this study as a subsample from Egypt’s national oral health survey. Periodontitis was diagnosed with Community Periodontal Index ‘CPI’ scores ≥3 and tooth loss not due to caries was included in the analysis. Socio-demographic data and information on behavioral factors and history of diabetes were gathered in a face-to-face interview. Logistic regression was done to interpret the impact of potential predictors on the incidence of the two selected outcome variables.ResultsThe overall prevalence of periodontitis was 26% and regression analysis revealed that higher odds of periodontitis existed among illiterate participants (OR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.40–2.17), smokers (OR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.69–2.20) and rural residents (OR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.03–1.30). On the other hand, old age, frequency of dental attendance and history of diabetes were the main predictive factors for tooth loss.ConclusionsAmong Egyptian adults, periodontal diseases were strongly associated with a multitude of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors and inequalities in distribution of periodontal treatment needs were determined mainly by age, gender, level of education and residency location.
Pain as the fifth vital sign—A comparison between public and private healthcare systems
Authors: Pozza Daniel Humberto , Azevedo Luís Filipe , Castro Lopes José Manuel 
Published: November 2021

Background
The assessment of pain as the fifth vital sign (P5VS) is of paramount importance since it leads to the management of undertreated pain, consequently reducing suffering, readmissions and emergency department visits after hospital discharge.

Objective
To evaluate the implementation of P5VS in public and private hospitals.

Methods
Data analysis on validated questionnaires was sent to all 171 Portuguese hospitals via an official letter.

Results
When compared to private hospitals, public hospitals presented a higher adherence to the process related to the P5VS. It has demonstrated superiority in the charts properly placed to record P5VS, in the number of emergency departments recording P5VS, in the regularity of audits, and in the existence of guidelines and staff training on pain assessment and management.

Conclusion
The standardization of both evaluation and recording of pain intensity constitutes a measure of good clinical practice. Public hospitals demonstrated better commitment to these procedures that should be properly carried out in all health care institutions.
Population attributable risk for multimorbidity among adult women in India: Do smoking tobacco, chewing tobacco and consuming alcohol make a difference?
Authors: Mishra Vivek K. , Srivastava Shobhit , T. Muhammad , Murthy P. V. 
Published: November 2021

Background
The present study aims to estimate the prevalence and correlates of multimorbidity among women aged 15–49 years in India. Additionally, the population attributable risk for multi-morbidity in reference to those women who smoke tobacco, chew tobacco, and consume alcohol is estimated.

Methods
The data was derived from the National Family Health Survey which was conducted in 2015–16. The effective sample size for the present paper 699,686 women aged 15–49 years in India. Descriptive statistics along with bivariate analysis were used to do the preliminary analysis. Additionally, binary logistic regression analysis was used to fulfil the objectives.

Results
About 1.6% of women had multimorbidity in India. The prevalence of multimorbidity was high among women from southern region of India. Women who smoke tobacco, chew tobacco and consume alcohol had 87% [AOR: 1.87CI: 1.65, 2.10], 18% [AOR: 1.18; CI: 1.10, 1.26] and 18% [AOR: 1.18; CI: 1.04, 1.33] significantly higher likelihood to suffer from multi-morbidity than their counterparts respectively. Population Attributable Risk for women who smoke tobacco was 1.2% (p<0.001), chew tobacco was 0.2% (p<0.001) and it was 0.2% (p<0.001) among women who consumed alcohol.

Conclusion
The findings indicate the important role of lifestyle and behavioural factors such as smoking and chewing tobacco and consuming alcohol in the prevalence of multimorbidity among adult Indian women. The subgroups identified as at increased risk in the present study can be targeted while making policies and health decisions and appropriate comorbidity management can be implemented.
Case of a Vanishing Colonic Mass
Authors: Barrett Lisa , Goyal Abhinav , Davis Nathan , Govil Yogesh , Zavala Stacey 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Colonic ischemia most often presents with abdominal pain and rectal bleeding. Presentation of colonic ischemia as a prominent mass is exceptionally unique and is not often reported. Concern for neoplasm prompted a repeat scope, which revealed the mass had vanished. We present a case of colonic ischemia, which produced a transient colonic mass formed by inflammatory tissue and clots.
Hepatotoxicity with cholestatic pattern secondary to enoxaparin treatment
Authors: Velasco de Cos Guillermo , Sánchez-Molina Acosta Isabel , Iturralde Ros Marta , Maiztegi Azpitarte Ainhoa , Moyano Martinez Ana 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Treatment with low-molecular-weight heparins is very common in clinical practice. Exceptionally, some patients develop hepatitis within a few days of starting treatment, and rapid discontinuation of the drug is decisive to avoid chronification.

Case presentation
These episodes usually present themselves only with elevated transaminases. We describe the case of a patient who presented a cholestatic pattern, which is very uncommon with this type of drug.

Conclusions
Hepatitis secondary to heparin therapy is an underdiagnosed entity. The laboratory plays a fundamental role in its diagnosis, given that it initially presents itself without a clear clinical profile.
The cognitive-conceptual, planning-organizational, affective-social and linguistic-discursive affordances of translanguaging
Authors: Rajendram Shakina 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The translanguaging turn in language education offers a new perspective on multilingualism by positing that multilingual learners have one linguistic repertoire rather than two or more autonomous language systems (García, O. & L. Wei. 2014. Translanguaging: Language, bilingualism and education. Palgrave MacMillan). When learners engage in translanguaging, they draw on all the features from their repertoire in a flexible and integrated way (Otheguy, R., O. García & W Reid. 2015. Clarifying translanguaging and deconstructing named languages: A perspective from linguistics. Applied Linguistics Review 6(3). 281–307. DOI:10.1515/applirev-2015-0014). While much of the current literature on language teaching advocates teachers’ use of pedagogical translanguaging, less research has focused on the pedagogical affordances of student-led translanguaging, especially in contexts with dominant monolingual norms. This paper presents the results of a case study exploring the affordances of translanguaging in two multilingual Grade 5 English language classrooms in Malaysia where English-only policies and practices were enforced by the teachers, but where translanguaging was used agentively by learners during their peer-to-peer interactions. The primary data sources for this six-month-long study included 100 30–90 min-long video recordings of 55 learners working together in small groups on various collaborative language learning activities, and member-checking interviews with the learners. The study was grounded in sociocultural theory and translanguaging, and employed a methodology of sociocultural discourse analysis. The results of the analysis revealed that in both classrooms, learners resisted the English-only policies and practices by using translanguaging widely and strategically throughout their collaborative peer-to-peer interactions. The use of translanguaging fulfilled 100 important cognitive-conceptual, planning-organizational, affective-social and linguistic-discursive functions that supported their individual and collective learning. The results of this study provide us with a view of translanguaging as collaborative and agentive, socioculturally situated and culturally responsive, and a resource for learning as well as a process of learning. The study makes recommendations for a language learning pedagogy that creates opportunities for learners to move language policies from the ground up through their collaborative use of translanguaging.
Fully Discrete Finite Element Approximation of the MHD Flow
Authors: He Yinnian , Zhang Guo-Dong , Zou Jun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this work, we consider a fully discrete finite element approximation of the 3D incompressible magnetohydrodynamic system.
The velocity and magnetic field are approximated both by piecewise quadratic finite elements, while the pressure is approximated by piecewise linear finite elements.
The time discretization is based on the Crank–Nicolson scheme for the linear terms in the model and the explicit Adams–Bashforth for the nonlinear terms.
We establish the optimal error estimates of both the approximate velocity and magnetic field in

H
1

\mathbf{H}^{1}

-norm and of the approximate pressure in

L
2

L^{2}

-norm.
In order to achieve the optimal

L
2

L^{2}

-norm error estimates of both the approximate velocity and magnetic field, we shall make use of a special negative norm technique.
The intrinsic frame of reference and the Dhivehi ‘FIBO’ system
Authors: Lum Jonathon 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
While geocentric and relative frames of reference have figured prominently in the literature on spatial language and cognition, the intrinsic frame of reference has received less attention, though various subtypes of the intrinsic frame have been proposed. This paper presents a revised classification of the intrinsic frame, distinguishing between three subtypes: a ‘direct’ subtype, an ‘object-centered’ subtype and a ‘figure-anchored’ subtype, with a cross-cutting distinction between ‘function-based’ and ‘shape-based’ systems. In addition, the ‘FIBO’ (front = inner, back = outer) system in Dhivehi is analyzed as an example of a borderline case, with some important features of the intrinsic frame but also some differences, presenting a challenge for existing frame of reference classifications. The rotational properties of these various systems are also considered. The analysis underscores the considerable diversity within intrinsic systems but also points to a closer relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic frames than has previously been appreciated. This may have implications for broader theoretical issues including how frames of reference are acquired, how speech communities come to use different frames and whether patterns of frame use in discourse shape patterns of non-verbal frame use.
Determinants of Japanese Household Saving Behavior in the Low-Interest Rate Environment
Authors: Latsos Sophia , Schnabl Gunther 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper scrutinizes the role of prolonged, expansionary monetary policy on the saving behavior of Japanese households, focusing on the dramatic change of the household savings rate since 1998, from high to low saving. The literature generally attributes this change to the country’s shift from high-growth to low-growth and its demographic change. This paper empirically examines changes in the incentives for saving and the ability to save connected to monetary policy. It finds that monetary policy had a significant impact on Japan’s household saving behavior via the interest rate channel but not the labor income channel. There is also evidence that rising government deficits come along with declining household saving and that rising wealth boosts saving.
Of travels and travails: The role of semantic typology, argument structure constructions, and language contact in semantic change
Authors: Huber Judith 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper is an investigation into the role of argument structure constructions as catalysts or blockers of lexical semantic change. It presents a case study of the divergent semantic development of French travailler ‘work’ and English travel ‘journey’ from their shared earlier meaning ‘labour, toil’. This divergence is shown to not be random: It can be explained as a product of the different intransitive motion constructions (IMCs) and different communicative habits in these two languages. Consequently, the development of travailler ‘journey’ in the Anglo-Norman dialect of French can be understood as the result of contact influence of Middle English. By pointing to similar instances in which verbs meaning ‘labour, toil’ have acquired a polysemous ‘motion’ sense in languages with an IMC that can coerce non-motion verbs into contextual motion readings, the paper argues that this is most probably a regular semantic trajectory in satellite-framing, manner-conflating languages.
The diachronic development of the verbal bracket construction in German
Authors: Smirnova Elena 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This work-in-progress paper reports the first results of a study dedicated to the investigation of the cognitive status of the sentence bracket construction in German. The project aims at a comprehensive corpus analysis of diachronic data from the Early New High German period (ENHG, 1350–1650). The study focuses on the syntactic structures of German main clauses and is guided by two general research questions. First, on the conceptual level, it addresses the question of whether the sentence bracket construction can be considered a construction in its own right. Second, the paper deals with the issue of the diachronic source(s) of the sentence bracket construction. Based on ENHG corpus data, it examines the role of grammaticalization of verbal auxiliaries in the development of the bracket construction. On a more general level, the objective of the paper is to encourage the discussion on the cognitive status of syntactic phenomena which often escape a straightforward modelling in cognitive and constructionist terms, as they do not seem to bear a particular dedicated semantic and/or functional value.