bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Descriptions of Attack Angle and Ideal Lift Coefficient for Various Airfoil Profiles in Wind Turbine Blade
Authors: Go Jaegwi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The angle of attack is highly sensitive to pitch point in the airfoil shape and the decline of pitch point value induces smaller angle of attack, which implies that airfoil profile possessing closer pitch point to the airfoil tip reacts more sensitively to upcoming wind. The method of conformal transformation functions is employed for airfoil profiles and airfoil surfaces are expressed with a trigonometric series form. Attack angle and ideal lift coefficient distributions are investigated for various airfoil profiles in wind turbine blade regarding conformal transformation and pitch point. The conformed angle function representing the surface angle of airfoil shape generate various attack angle distributions depending on the choice of surface angle function. Moreover, ideal attack angle and ideal lift coefficient are susceptible to the choice of airfoil profiles and uniform loading area. High ideal attack angle signifies high pliability to upcoming wind, and high ideal lift coefficient involves high possibility to generate larger electric energy. According to results obtained pitch point, airfoil shape, uniform loading area, and the conformed airfoil surface angle function are crucial factors in the determination of angle of attack.
Development of a List of Competencies and Entrustable Professional Activities for Resident Physicians During Death Pronouncement: A Modified Delphi Study
Authors: Kessoku Takaomi , Uneno Yu , Urushibara-Miyach Yuka , Oya Kiyofumi , Kusakabe Akihiko , Nakajima Atsushi , Kobayashi Noritoshi , Ichikawa Yasushi , Miyashita Mitsunori , Muto Manabu , Mori Masanori , Morita Tatsuya 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Appropriate delivery of death pronouncements potentially affects bereaved families’ wellbeing positively. Younger physicians need to learn death pronouncement skills; currently, the competencies and entrustable professional activities (EPAs) in death pronouncement practice have not been clarified.Therefore, this study aimed to develop a list of competencies and EPAs necessary for death pronouncement practice, which resident physicians need to acquire by the end of their residency training (postgraduate year 2).Methods: An anonymous modified Delphi study was conducted with a panel of 31 experts. The experts were invited online from general wards in hospitals with resident physicians across Japan to participate in the study using the purposive and snowball sampling method. A non-anonymous web conference was held with three additional external evaluators to finalize the item list. The consensus criterion was defined as a mean response of at least 4 points on a 5-point Likert scale for each competency and EPA item and a rating of 4 or 5 points by at least 80% of the participants.Results: Consensus was achieved, with consistently high levels of agreement across panel members, on 11 competencies and 9 EPA items. Additionally, a correspondence matrix table between competencies and EPAs was developed.Conclusions: This study clarified the standardized educational outcomes for knowledge, skills, and attitudes in death pronouncement practice and the level of physicians who can perform this practice independently, serving as a blueprint to aid the development of an educational model and evaluation method for clinical educational institutions and developers of medical school curriculums.
“I’d Like to Let People Know What We Did:” Values of Fukushima Medical Students Following the Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Stacy Anna , Lange Marcia , Katz Craig L. , Waguri Satoshi , Yanagisawa Robert 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The Great East Japan Earthquake and the resulting tsunami and nuclear disaster on March 11, 2011 have had a profound and lasting effect on residents of Japan’s Fukushima Prefecture, particularly among evacuees. While there continues to be extensive news coverage and academic study of Fukushima Prefecture’s recovery, there has been little exploration of individual narratives. This study aims to illuminate some individual stories of medical students at Fukushima Medical University (FMU) who lived in the Prefecture at the time of the Earthquake.Methods: 10 open-ended ethnographic interviews were conducted with medical students at FMU in years 1-5 who lived in Fukushima Prefecture at the time of the Great East Japan Earthquake. All interviews were recorded and transcribed; the transcriptions served as the basis for thematic analysis under the lens of ethnographic anthropology.Results: Three major topics emerged from these interviews: first, that the events following the Earthquake influenced not only these students’ decisions to become doctors, but the ways in which they hope to practice medicine in the future. Second, that these students were motivated to share their experiences by a want to change Fukushima Prefecture’s public image. And lastly, that the students viewed the opportunity to discuss their experiences through these interviews as healing, both for themselves and for the future.Conclusions: While multiple factors undoubtably contributed these students’ medical education, they cite the Earthquake as essential to their approach to their medical careers. Additionally, opportunities for the participants to discuss their experiences following the Earthquake appear to be rare but valued, as the students view their stories as their “legacies.” The enduring, burdening effects of the Earthquake appear to have galvanized the participating students to act on behalf of their communities and their Prefecture.
TRACKING EXCESS OF MATERNAL DEATHS DIRECTLY AND INDIRECTLY ASSOCIATED WITH COVID-19 IN BRAZIL: A NATIONWIDE DATABASE ANALYSIS
Authors: Guimarães Raphael , Reis Lenice , Gomes Maria Auxiliadora , Magluta Cynthia , de Freitas Carlos , Portela Margareth 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic brought a new challenge to maternal mortality in Brazil. Throughout 2020, Brazil registered 549 maternal deaths, mainly concentrated in second and third-trimester pregnant women. We estimate the excess of maternal mortality for Brazil in 2020. Assuming the average number of previous years as expected, or even correcting the expectation for excess female mortality due to COVID-19, we found that maternal mortality was more penalized. We also observed that the difference between the odds of occurrence of symptoms and comorbidities among COVID-19 maternal and female deaths was marginal. Differences between the two groups of deaths are significantly associated with social determination and (in)adequate obstetric care. 2021 has been more severe for maternal mortality. We need to increase immunization and monitoring among pregnant women immediately.
Sensitivity of pregnancy field on the COVID-19 case report form among pregnancies completed through December 31, 2020 — Illinois and Tennessee
Authors: Manning Susan E. , Bennett Amanda , Ellington Sascha , Goyal Sonal , Harvey Elizabeth , Sizemore Lindsey , Wingate Heather 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction: The considerable volume of infections from SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has made it challenging for health departments to collect complete data for national disease reporting. We sought to examine sensitivity of the COVID-19 case report form (CRF) pregnancy field by comparing CRF data to the gold standard of CRF data linked to birth and fetal death certificates. Methods: CRFs for women aged 15–44 years with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were linked to birth and fetal death certificates for pregnancies completed during January 1–December 31, 2020 in Illinois and Tennessee. Among linked records, pregnancy was considered confirmed for women with a SARS-CoV-2 specimen collection date on or prior to the delivery date. Sensitivity of the COVID-19 CRF pregnancy field was calculated by dividing the number of confirmed pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection with pregnancy indicated on the CRF by the number of confirmed pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results: Among 4,276 (Illinois) and 2,070 (Tennessee) CRFs that linked with a birth or fetal death certificate, CRF pregnancy field sensitivity was 45.3% and 42.1%, respectively. In both states, sensitivity varied significantly by maternal race/ethnicity, insurance, trimester of prenatal care entry, month of specimen collection, and trimester of specimen collection. Sensitivity also varied by maternal education in Illinois but not in Tennessee. Discussion: Sensitivity of the COVID-19 CRF pregnancy field varied by state and demographic factors. To more accurately assess outcomes for pregnant women, jurisdictions might consider utilizing additional data sources and linkages to obtain pregnancy status.
Postoperative Outcome in Children aged between 6 and 10 years in Major Abdominal Surgery, Neurosurgery and Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Kumba Claudine 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAnticipating postoperative evolution in surgical patients is an important issue in our daily practice.We have demonstrated in a previous study that predictors of postoperative outcome are multiple including American Society of Anesthesiologists status (ASA), transfusion, emergency, surgery and age. A detailed description of postoperative outcome was undertaken in children aged between 6 and 10 years included in the initial study.ObjectiveTo describe postoperative outcome in children aged between 6 and 10 years included in the initial cohort in abdominal surgery, neurosurgery and orthopedics.MethodsSecondary analysis of postoperative outcome in children aged between 6 and 10 years included retrospectively in the initial study of 594 patients. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee.ResultsThere were 88 patients with a mean age of 98.7±13.8 months.The most common surgical interventions were scoliosis in 23 patients (26.1%), femoral osteotomy 7 patients (7.9%), limb tumor resection 7 patients (7.9%), intracerebral tumor resection 6 patients (6.8%), intestinal resection 5 patients (5.6%), Chiari’s malformation 4 patients (4.5%), pelvic osteotomy 4 patients (4.5%) and renal transplantation 4 patients (4.5%). Most patients (45%) were American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 3 (ASA 3) and 13 (14.8%) were ASA grade 4. 22(25%) patients had intra-operative and or postoperative complications (organ dysfunction or sepsis). 2 patients (2.3%) had intra-operative hemorrhagic, 1 patient (1.1%) had an intra-operative difficult intubation and 1 patient experienced intra-operative anaphylaxis. 9 patients (10.2%) had postoperative neurologic failure and 2 (2.3%) postoperative cardio-circulatory failure. 3 patients (3.4%) had postoperative septicemia, 2 patients (2.3%) had postoperative pulmonary and urinary sepsis and 1 patient (1.1%) had postoperative abdominal sepsis. 3 patients (3.4%) had re-operations. 42(47.7%) patients had intra-operative transfusion. There was 1 in-hospital death (1.1%). Median total length of hospital stay was 9 days [5-16].Conclusion25% of the patients had intra-operative and or postoperative complications and most of them were ASA grade ³3. Integrating goal directed therapies to optimize intra-operative management in these patients is a necessary implementation to improve postoperative outcome in surgical pediatric patients.
Concerned or not? Investigating determinants of climate change concerns among Saudi Arabian farmers and their adaptation behavior
Authors: Alotaibi Bader Alhafi , Abbas Azhar , Ullah Raza , Kassem Hazem S. , Azeem Muhammad Imran , Bagadeem Salim 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Concern for a particular stimulus constitutes a major driver to mitigate its negative effects. This study was undertaken to know the level of concern for climate change among Saudi farmers in Jazan province and to evaluate the role of various socioeconomic indicators in relation to their concern level. Moreover, an account of farmers’ beliefs about climate change and capacity building initiatives needed to address this issue at the community level is also presented. Field level data collected through a face-to-face survey using a structured questionnaire were utilized to draw insights. The ordered logit model was used to find out the determinants for the level of concern for climate change among respondent farmers regarding three top concern categories. Farmers ranked insect infestation, higher incidence of crop diseases, and drought as the first, second and third, respectively, as top climate change concerns in the study area. Results of the ordered logit model showed that higher farmer income significantly reduces their level of concern for the first two categories of concern while it has a positive influence on concern for drought. Access to credit and information has a mixed impact on the farmers’ concern level. Farmer’s age, education, perceived source of climate change, and perceived changes in temperature and rainfall have a mixed impact on the top three climate change-related concerns. The findings support the provision of timely warning, capacity building of the farmers and personnel, credit provision, improvement of rural infrastructure, and creating awareness among farmers to address particular climate change-related concerns.
Comparison of A Tube Core And Magill Forceps For Nasotracheal Intubation: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Hu Rui , Niu Jing-Yi , Wu Li-Ning , Sun Hao , Sun Peng , Huang Jia-Ying , Yu Jun-Ma 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Magill forceps are frequently used to complete nasotracheal intubation (NTI). We aimed to identify a tube core that could conveniently facilitate the NTI process without using Magill forceps. Methods: Sixty patients scheduled for oral and maxillofacial surgeries were enrolled in our study and divided into two groups (30 per group) with no differences with regard to demographic data. In the Magill forceps group (Group M), a wire-reinforced endotracheal catheter was inserted into the trachea using Magill forceps. However, in the tube core group (Group T), a tube core bent to the physiological curve of the nasal cavity and lubricated with aseptic paraffin oil was inserted into the endotracheal catheter and was then withdrawn after the endotracheal catheter was advanced through the glottis under direct vision. Results: All NTIs were completed successfully, and Magill forceps were not used on any patient in Group T. There was a significant difference in total NTI time between the two groups (Group M, 59.7 (5.1) sec vs Group T, 52.4 (3.1) sec). Mild epistaxis was observed in 6 patients in Group M and 5 patients in Group T (6/30 vs 5/30, respectively). No damage to oral tissue or teeth was observed in either group. Conclusions: We conclude that using a tube core, consisting of a disposable sterilised stylet, is a convenient choice for NTI. Trial registration: Patient enrolment was conducted after registration in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( www.Chictr.org.cn , ChiCTR190002 7387). This trial was prospectively registered on 11 November 2019.
ELECTROCHEMICAL LYSIS IN ONCOLOGY: LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Anikanova E. V. , Guens G. P. , Kolontarev K. B. , Muslov S. A. 
Published: June 2021

Recently, minimally invasive treatment modalities based on the application of various physical factors have been widely used in anticancer therapy. Electrochemical lysis is a method in which tumor cells are destroyed by local exposure to a constant low voltage electric current.Purpose:to present the current results of using electrochemical lysis in the treatment of various tumors, to describe the mechanism of tumor destruction and methods of delivering electric current to the tumor, as well as to evaluate the electrical parameters and positioning of the electrodes.Material and Methods.aliterature search included the Medical literatureanalysis and Retrieval system Online (Medline), the excerpta Medica data Base (embase), Web of science, scopus, Russian citation index. All articles were published before december 2019. The review included studies on the investigation electrochemical lysisin vitro, in vivo, as well as clinical observations and clinical studies in which electrochemical lysis has been used as an independent treatment, or in combination with other methods of anticancer treatment since 1984.Results.This review provides information regarding the electrochemical mechanisms of tumor destruction, anti-tumoral effects of electrochemical therapy, methodology for planning and distributing the dose of electrical lysis and positioning of electrodes. We have evaluated complications and oncological results. Electrochemical lysis is a safe, simple, effective, and relatively non-invasive method of antitumor treatment.Conclusion. The electrochemical lysis is a promising minimally invasive method which can be used for the treatment of tumors. However, long-term data are needed to validate this treatment before it can be included into clinical recommendation for the treatment of cancer patients.
DIFFICULTIES IN MORPHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF MELANOCYTIC LESIONS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Artemyeva A. S. , Semiletova Yu. V. 
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Skin cancer is one of the most common malignancies, however melanoma accounts for only 1.8 % of all skin cancers. Melanoma is rare but aggressive tumor. Early detection and appropriate treatment of the tumor are critical and result in improved overall and recurrence-free survival rates. Histopathological reporting plays a critical role in guiding the surgical oncologist’s treatment plan for melanocytic lesions. The experience and knowledge of the pathomorphologist are decisive in the future fate of the patient.Case description. We report a case of a 36-year-old female patient who presented with a pigmented lesion on the skin of the trunk. In the regional cancer center at her place of residence, she underwent surgical removal of this lesion with a surgical margin of about 1 cm. The histological diagnosis was reported as melanoma. Diagnosis of melanoma was also confirmed in another medical center that did not specialize in the treatment of patients with skin tumors, but the tumor thickness was changed to a smaller one. However, in the federal cancer center that specialized in the treatment of patients with skin melanoma, the diagnosis of melanoma was not confirmed. The patient was diagnosed with nevus. The paper discusses in detail the reasons for the erroneous diagnosis of a malignant neoplasm, indicating the stages of differential diagnosis.Conclusion. This clinical case demonstrates that a reference analysis of borderline melanocytic lesions under conditions of specialized cancer centers with experienced pathologists is required. We have described objective difficulties in pathomorphological diagnosis, which can additionally be aggravated by the absence of important clinical and instrumental information, artifacts during excision biopsy, macroscopic examination, and orientation of tissue fragments in the embedding paraffin block.
MODERN APPROACHES TO THE ORBITAL WALL RECONSTRUCTION WITH TITANIUM NICKELIDE IMPLANTS IN PATIENTS WITH NASAL CAVITY AND PARANASAL SINUS CANCER
Authors: Shtin V. I. , Novikov V. A. , Choynzonov E. L. , Shilova O. G. , Nikitchuk A. V. , Frolova I. G. , Surkova P. V. , Kulbakin D. E. 
Published: June 2021

Background. The majority of tumors of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus are diagnosed at an advanced stage, requiring invasive and mutilating surgery, and therefore, the reconstruction of post-surgical craniofacial bone defects using various implants is necessary.Purpose of the study: to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of the thin-profile implants made of titanium nickelide in the surgical treatment of nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancers.Material and Methods. From 2002 to 2020, a total of 60 patients with stage Т3–4n0–1M0 nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer were treated at the Cancer Research institute (tomsk). All patients received radiation therapy followed by surgery with reconstruction of bone structures of the subcranial region and orbital walls. In the study group (n=30), the orbital walls were restored with individual thin-profile shape memory titanium nickelide implants. In the control group (n=30), typical porous and tissue titanium nickelide implants were used. They required adjustment during surgery and complicated reparative processes in the postoperative period due to their thickness. Tissue implants did not allow accurate restoration of the orbital walls due to their structure.Results. Surgical rehabilitation with orbital wall reconstruction using thin-profile titanium nickelide implants makes it possible to shorten the duration of surgery and improve the precision of surgical repair. Features of the architectonics of implants do not interfere with the growth of tissues of the recipient zone, thus preventing the development of inflammation in the implantation site. The technique allows adequate restoration of the natural position and function of the eye.
Outcomes after surgical resection of primary cardiac sarcomas
Authors: Babeshko S.S. , Samurganov Yu.P. , Barbukhatti K.O. , Porkhanov V.A. 
Published: June 2021

Aim. To assess the immediate and long-term results of surgical treatment of patients with primary cardiac sarcomas.Methods. In the period from 2013 to 2020, five patients (two men and three women) of different age groups (from 10 to 54 years old) with primary cardiac sarcomas various localisations had been operated at our hospital. In all the patients, the operation was performed from the median sternotomy with cardiopulmonary bypass, normothermia and crystalloid cardioplegia.Results. The average age of the patients was 32 ± 12 years. Two patients had leiomyosarcoma (of right atrium and pulmonary artery), two had angiosarcoma of the right atrium and one was diagnosed with pleomorphic left atrial sarcoma. Only in two patients, the lesion was limited to one chamber; in other cases, the tumour exhibited aggressive infiltrative growth and invasion into the inferior vena cava, myocardium of the left ventricle, contralateral cardiac chambers, pericardium and parietal pleura. Three patients underwent radical surgery with R0 resection, two others underwent cytoreductive surgery with R2 resection owing to the prevalence of the process and the technical impossibility of radical resection. We did not record any in-hospital mortality. Postoperative chemotherapy was administered to four patients. At follow up, (median 18.8 ± 11.7 month), one patient was alive (follow-up 35 months) and was undergoing chemotherapy owing to local recurrence of the disease. One patient with pulmonary leiomyosarcoma underwent re-operation because of local recurrence 1 year after the primary surgery. All the patients died because of disease progression. The average postoperative survival duration in those who died was 14.8 ± 8.1 month.Conclusion. Despite effective early results, long-term survival and tumour-free course were disappointing owing to the initial prevalence of the disease course, the complexity of surgical procedures and the impossibility of radical resection in two cases. However, a multimodality treatment of this pathology, including radical surgical resection of the tumour (R0) along with the modern neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy, and in some cases, radiotherapy, can improve the survival duration.
Received 18 December 2020. Revised 4 March 2021. Accepted 10 March 2021.
Funding: The study did not have sponsorship.
Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest.