bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gambar Cadas Antropomorfik di Kepulauan Maluku
Authors: Wattimena Lucas , Salhuteru Marlyn J. , Peseletehaha Godlief A. , Surbakti Karyamantha , Al Mujabuddawat Muhammad , Huwae Andrew 
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Anthropomorphic Images of Rock Art In Moluccas Archipelago, Indonesia (Case Study In Kaimear and Kisar Island, Maluku). The Maluku Islands Cluster consists of a group of large and small islands located horizontally and vertically between the equator. These geographical conditions make the Maluku Islands as one of the characters of archipelagic rock image sites in Indonesia. This paper presents the shape and distribution of anthropomorphic rock images in the Maluku Islands in the Wallacea Region. The research location covers the southeastern part of the Maluku Islands, namely Kaimear Island and Kisar Island, Maluku Province. The purpose of this paper is to determine the shape and distribution of anthropomorphic rock images in the Maluku Islands. This study used the descriptive qualitative method. The data used is a combination of data obtained from research in 2014 - 2019. The results show that there are eighty forms of human rock images scattered on sites on Kisar Island, which include the Here Sorot Entapa, Herku, Intutun, Irmula, Kulwasuru, Lenhorhorok, Liotitin, Salpuru,Wakurai, Hersorsorot, and one site on Kaimear Island, the Kel lein Site.

Abstrak. Gugusan Kepulauan Maluku terdiri atas gugusan pulau-pulau besar dan kecil terletak sejajar secara horizontal dan vertikal di antara garis khatulistiwa. Kondisi geografis tersebut menjadikan Kepulauan Maluku sebagai salah satu karakter situs gambar cadas kepulauan di Indonesia. Tulisan ini menyajikan bentuk dan sebaran gambar cadas motif antropomorfik di Kepulauan Maluku yang berada di Kawasan Wallacea. Lokasi penelitian mencakup wilayah gugusan Kepulauan Maluku bagian tenggara, yaitu Pulau Kaimear dan Pulau Kisar, Provinsi Maluku. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui bentuk dan sebaran gambar cadas antropormofik di Kepulauan Maluku. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data yang digunakan merupakan gabungan antara data yang diperoleh dari penelitian tahun 2014 - 2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat delapan puluh bentuk gambar cadas manusia yang tersebar di situs di Pulau Kisar, yang meliputi Situs Here Sorot Entapa, Herku, Intutun, Irmula, Kulwasuru, Lenhorhorok, Liotitin, Salpuru, Wakurai, Hersorsorot, dan satu situs di Pulau Kaimear, yaitu Situs Kel lein.
Discrimination of residents during neurosurgical training in Mexico: Results of a survey prior to SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Sandoval-Bonilla B. A. , Cerda-Vargas María F. De la , Stienen Martin N. , Nettel-Rueda Bárbara , Ramírez-Reyes Alma G. , Soriano-Sánchez José A. , Castillo-Rangel Carlos , Mejia-Pérez Sonia , Chávez-Herrera V. R. , Navarro-Domínguez Pedro , Sánchez-Dueñas J. J. , Ramirez-Cardenas Araceli 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic represents an important negative impact on global training of neurosurgery residents. Even before the pandemic, discrimination is a challenge that neurosurgical residents have consistently faced. In the present study, we evaluated discriminatory conditions experienced by residents during their neurosurgical training in Mexico before the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Methods:
An electronic survey of 18 questions was sent among residents registered in the Mexican Society of Neurological Surgery (MSNS), between October 2019 and July 2020. Statistical analysis was made in IBM SPSS Statistics 25. The survey focused on demographic characteristics, discrimination, personal satisfaction, and expectations of residents.

Results:
A response rate of 50% (132 of 264 residents’ members of MSNS) was obtained and considered for analysis. Median age was 30.06 ± 2.48 years, 5.3% (n = 7) were female and 16.7% (n = 22) were foreigners undergoing neurosurgical training in Mexico. Approximately 27% of respondents suffered any form of discrimination, mainly by place of origin (9.1%), by gender (8.3%) or by physical appearance (6.1%). About 42.9% (n = 3) of female residents were discriminated by gender versus 6.4% (n = 8) of male residents (P = 0.001); while foreign residents mentioned having suffered 10 times more an event of discrimination by place of origin compared to native Mexican residents (36.4% vs. 3.6%, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
This manuscript represents the first approximation to determine the impact of discrimination suffered by residents undergoing neurosurgical training in Mexico before the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
Hypoplasia of C1’s posterior arch: Is there an ideal anatomical classification?
Authors: Junior Messias Gonçalves Pacheco , dos Santos Nicoly Augusta da Silva Quezada , Ribeiro Raphael Tavares , Landeiro Jose Alberto , Pessoa Bruno Lima 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Congenital anomalies of the atlas are rare and usually occur in conjunction with other congenital variants. They include a wide spectrum of anomalies ranging from clefts to hypoplasia or aplasia of its arches that may contribute to spinal cord compressive syndrome.

Case Description:
A 54-year-old male presented with the sudden onset of a severe quadriparesis and loss of proprioception after a minor fall. The magnetic resonance (MR) scan showed cord compression at the C1 level attributed to C1 arch hypoplasia. Two months following a decompressive C1 laminectomy without fusion, and the patient was symptom free.

Conclusion:
Posterior C1 arch hypoplasia is a rare anomaly that can contribute to cervical cord compression and myelopathy. The optimal surgical management may include, as in this case, a posterior decompression without fusion.
Atypical pituitary abscess lacking rim enhancement and diffusion restriction with an unusual organism, Moraxella catarrhalis: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Kawano Tatsuya , Shinojima Naoki , Hanatani Satoko , Araki Eiichi , Mikami Yoshiki , Mukasa Akitake 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Pituitary abscess (PA) can be fatal if diagnosed late. Rim enhancement is a typical radiological finding of PA on postgadolinium T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Diffusion-weighted imaging is helpful in distinguishing PA from other sellar cystic lesions. Herein, we report the first atypical case of PA showing neither rim enhancement nor diffusion restriction with an unusual organism, Moraxella catarrhalis.

Case Description:
A 77-year-old woman presented with headache, polyuria, polydipsia, and fatigue for a month before presenting to a local hospital. MRI showed pituitary enlargement with contrast enhancement. She had neither fever nor visual deficits and was followed up with hormonal replacement. Six months later, she complained of visual impairment, and MRI showed further pituitary enlargement with a thickened stalk compressing the optic chiasma. Neither rim enhancement nor diffusion restriction was observed. Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery was performed based on the radiological diagnosis of lymphocytic hypophysitis or pituitary tumors. A thick, creamy yellow pus was drained from the sellar lesion. Intraoperative rapid histopathological findings revealed polymorphonuclear leukocytes infiltrating the pituitary gland. PA was diagnosed, and irrigation and open drainage of the abscess was performed. Bacterial culture of the pus detected M. catarrhalis by mass spectrometer, confirming the diagnosis. She underwent appropriate antibiotic administration, and her visual deficits improved.

Conclusion:
We report the first atypical case of PA showing neither rim enhancement nor diffusion restriction with M. catarrhalis. Even if preoperative findings are not suggestive of PA, it should be considered as a differential diagnosis. Intraoperative rapid histopathological findings are useful for accurately diagnosing PA and initiating appropriate surgical treatment.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Membaca Ordinal Number dengan Menggunakan Bola-Bola Hypnotist dalam 5M
Authors: Zaimatun Zaimatun 
Published: December 2021

Tujuan penggunaan bola-bola hypnotist dalam 5M adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan membaca ordinal number dan keaktifan peserta didik dalam pembelajaran. Bola-bola hypnotist adalah media komunikasi dalam penerapan hypnoteaching. Sedangkan, 5M adalah pendekatan saintifik, yang melipuiti mengamati, menanya, mengumpulkan data, mengasosiasi, dan mengomunikasi. Metode penelitian ini adalah PTK model Stephen Kemmis dan Robyn Mc. Taggart yang meliputi dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri atas perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dengan bola-bola hypnotist dalam 5M kemampuan membaca ordinal number peserta didik mengalami peningkatan sebesar 38,35%. Keaktifan belajar peserta didik juga meningkat 17,24%. Bola-bola hypnotist dalam 5M sangat membantu peserta didik dalam pembelajaran.
Persepsi Tokoh Ulama dan Adat Melayu Jambi Sekitar Kontroversi Penafsiran Kata Awliyâ’ dalam QS. Al-Ma’idah: 51
Authors: Saleh Ahmad Syukri 
Published: December 2021

The Perception of Jambi Malay Cleric and Traditional Leaders about the Controversy on the Interpretation of the Word Awliya' in QS. Al-Ma'idah: 51This article aims at uncovering the background behind controversy around Qur’anic interpretation of al-Ma’idah/5: 51 and how Muslim scholars and Malay traditional leaders of Jambi respond and view that issue. The interpretation on word awliyâ’ became viral in social media a few years ago, particularly when it related to prohibiton to elect public leader whose religion differed from his/her majority constituents. This research was conducted through qualitative method by using sociological approach in the frame of transformative Islam. Data were collected through observation, interview dan documentation. This research found that the controversy happened due to different interpretation and perception among Muslim scholars on the word awliyâ’. Such different interpretation and perception subsequently brought about a variety of responses and perpectives among Muslim scholars and traditional leaders of Jambi. Shortly, interpretation of a word in Qur’anic verse through textual and contextual method becomes a dominant trigger for the existence of such different interpretation and perception. Besides, a traditional root which is sociologically inherent in Malay community of Jambi takes part in determining attitude to which direction their tendencies on this controversy are
Resistance of modern spring barley cultivars to harmful organisms
Authors: Semenova A. G. , Anisimova A. V. , Kovaleva O. N. 
Published: December 2021

Background. Diseases and pests cause great damage to barley stands and harvests. Harvest losses from harmful organisms reach 25–30%.Materials and methods. During 2017–2020, 46 spring barley cultivars from the VIR collection, listed in the State Register for Selection Achievements, were studied for their resistance to fritfly, net and spot blotches, brown rust, and powdery mildew. The tests were carried out in the field with provocative colonization by fritfly and under natural infection pressure of leaf pathogens.Results and conclusions. In 2017, net blotch predominated over other diseases. In 2018, there was an epyphytotic outburst of spot blotch, and cultivars with weak development of this disease were identified. In 2019 and 2020, the incidence of brown rust and powdery mildew was significant, and the virulence of fritfly increased greatly in the same years. Field tests resulted in identification of 3 barley accessions resistant to fritfly: ‘Odon’ (k-31118, Buryatia), ‘Miar’ (k-31203, Orenburg Province), and ‘Omsky 99’ (k-31230, Omsk Province). Cv. ‘Posada’ (k-31245, Germany) was weakly affected by fritfly, brown rust and powdery mildew. Cultivars were selected for their low susceptibility to powdery mildew (up to 5%): ‘Chiraz’ (k-31131, Denmark), ‘Cheerio’ (k-31297, Denmark), and ‘Odyssey’ (k-31333, England), and brown rust: ‘Chiraz’ (k-31131, Denmark), ‘Eifel’ (k-31249, France), ‘Ursa’ (k-31339), and ‘Sunshine’ (k-31129, Germany). Such long-term assessment results can be used in breeding programs to develop cultivars with group or complex resistance to harmful organisms.
Accumulation of cadmium and zinc in barley regenerants on a provocative soil background with cadmium
Authors: Shupletsova O. N. , Tovstik E. V. 
Published: December 2021

Background. An effective way to obtain barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes stress-tolerant to cadmium, with a low level of toxic ion accumulation in grain, is the selection of cells in selective in vitro systems, based on somaclonal variability, which promotes the formation of specific and nonspecific adaptive mechanisms.Materials and methods. The object of the study was cv. ‘999-93’, developed by selection from a hybrid combination of spring barley (Luly × Conrad) × 2867-80, and its regenerated forms in seed reproductions of the 3–5th generation, induced in the process of cell selection on media with cadmium, aluminum and polyethylene glycol. The plants were grown under normal soil conditions and against a provocative background for cadmium.Results. The contribution of the environment-forming activity in the roots of the studied genotypes to inactivation of toxic ions appeared insignificant. The total removal of cadmium by plants against a provocative background increased 22.5 times, reaching 5.8–10.3 mg/kg of dry phytomass when distributed among organs: roots (91.9–93.4%) > stems (5.9–7.8%) > grain (0.5–0.8%). The amount of toxic metal in grain increased 11 times in the original form and 2.8–6.8 times in regenerants. The negative effect of excess cadmium in the soil on the accumulation of zinc in barley was shown. There was no gradation in the importance of organs for zinc accumulation or any presence of functional barriers preventing this. Regenerants induced on selective media with cadmium had the greatest adaptive advantages to stress: pronounced barrier functions of roots, minimal accumulation of toxic ions in aerial organs, and high seed productivity (they exceeded the original genotype by 35.5%). Adaptive reactions associated with the limitation of cadmium accumulation in plant tissues of regenerants, obtained by in vitro selections with aluminum and an osmotic, were shown to be weak.
Studying agronomic characters in new millet accessions from the VIR collection at Yekaterinino Experiment Station of VIR
Authors: Kulemina T. V. 
Published: December 2021

Background. Adding new plant varieties to the VIR collection is an important effort to preserve the diversity of worldwide bioresources. The millet collection at VIR is formed through the study of acquired accessions, aimed at identification of biological features that have emerged under certain conditions. Such germplasm may be recommended for use in breeding practice. Studying new accessions makes it possible to predict long-term development of the collection.Materials and methods. The study was carried out at Yekaterinino Experiment Station of VIR, Tambov Province, in 2017–2019. New millet accessions added to the VIR collection served as the research material. The study was based on the descriptors and guidelines for Panicum miliaceum L. developed at VIR.Results and conclusions. An assessment was made for such agronomic characters as the growing season, plant height, grain size, grain yield, and resistance to bacteria. The identified accessions exceeded the reference (cv. ‘Gorlinka’) in a number of traits. Earliness was observed in k-10479 (‘Dozh’), k-10481 (‘Zapadnoye’), k-10324, k-10325, k-10478 (‘Nizhnevolzhskoye’), k-10275 (‘Kvartet’), k-10306 (‘Volga 59’), k-10322 (‘Soyuz’), k-10473 (‘Yarkoye 120’), and k-10474 (‘Kavkazskiye zori’). Low plant height was recorded for k-888, k-10324, k-10306, k-10474, k-10479, k-10326, k-10481, and k-10480 (‘Kamyshenskoye’). Large grain size was shown by k-888, k-10325, k-10306, k-10324, k-10479, k-10475 (local), k-10322, k-10473, k-10480, and k-10481. High grain yields under the conditions of the Central Black Earth Region of Russia were demonstrated by the accessions from Belarus (cv. ‘Zapadnoye’, k-10481) and from Chelyabinsk Province (local cultivar, k-888). Medium and strong resistance to bacterial pathogens was observed in k-888, k-10275, k-10473, k-10474, k-10324, and k-10325. The selected accessions can serve as source material for the development of new millet cultivars.
Description of buckwheat cultivars from Belarus and Ukraine in the environments of Leningrad Province
Authors: Romanova O. I. 
Published: December 2021

Background. Buckwheat is an extremely valuable groat crop in demand both in Russia and abroad. The buckwheat collection held by VIR is the largest in the world. Studying and systematizing knowledge about the conserved diversity of the genus Fagopyrum Mill. representatives cannot be efficient without switching to the use of the most detailed descriptors containing plant characters least dependent on differences in growing conditions.Materials and methods. Seventeen buckwheat cultivars from Ukraine and Belarus and two references from Russia were studied in Leningrad Province. The methodological basis of the study included the IPGRI buckwheat descriptors and personal recommendations of N. V. Fesenko. Statistical data processing was performed according to P. F. Rokitsky.Results. The cultivars formed their typical plant habitus and demonstrated good fruit setting − an average score was 3.3–4.9 out of five. The determinant stem growth was observed in 10 cultivars. The stem developed 2.7−6.7 generative nodes and 4–6 vegetative ones, while 1.9–4.7 generative and 0.8−2.3 vegetative nodes were formed on the two upper branches.Conclusion. The study confirmed that medium-ripening buckwheat can be grown in Leningrad Province. The modal value of the number of vegetative nodes for the studied cultivars was 4−5, which is an indicator of intermediate ripening. The results of studying the metamerism of the stem and the two upper branches, expressed by modal values, were recorded in the “agricultural fitness” passport for the tested cultivars as follows: determinant stem; branching zone 4+1+2; fruit-forming zone 3+3+3; average score of fruit formation 4.8. The presented data format most fully characterizes a cultivar in terms of the potential of its earliness and productivity. Depending on the task, indicators for the main stem or for the two upper branches can be used. Recording values in the form of a formula is convenient and does not imply any other meanings.
The efficacy of the drug Solycox combined with Chiktonik against eimeriosis of broiler chickens
Authors: Makhieva B. M. , Ozdemirova J. M. , Dagayeva A. B. , Bakrieva R. M. 
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the research is efficacy evaluation of the anticoccidial drug Solycox combined with the feed additive Chiktonik against avian eimeriosis.Materials and methods. The experiments were carried out on the Makhachkalinskaya poultry farm, which was contaminated with eimeriosis, on healthy 1 day old Ross-308 broilers. Two groups were formed from the selected chickens, test and control, 50 birds each. From the first day of life, broiler chickens from the test group were administered Solycox at a dose of 2 ml per 1 liter of drinking water combined with the feed additive Chiktonik at the rate of 1 ml per 1 liter of drinking water. The control chickens were not prescribed any anticoccidial drug or feed additive.Results and discussion. We established high efficacy of Solycox combined with Chiktonik against eimeriosis of broiler chickens (96%). Solycox combined with Chiktonik contributes to the poultry viability and resistance to the disease, and has a positive effect on productivity. The results of the studies allow us to recommend Solycox and Chiktonik to prevent and treat eimeriosis of broiler chickens.
Loimologically significant pinniped helminths in Chukotka
Authors: Davydova O. E. , Esaulova N. V. , Kryukova N. V. 
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the researchis study of pinniped helminth fauna in Chukotka, and the analysis of the fish of the main commercial families infected with pathogens of helminthozoonoses based on modern literature.Materials and methods. The helminths were collected in autumn of 2019 from pinnipeds caught in the Mechigmenskaya Guba of the Bering Sea in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug by the method of partial helminthological dissection per Skryabin (gastrointestinal tract). Samples were examined from 6 walruses and 26 seals (13 spotted seals and 13 ringed seals). The helminths found were fixed in 70% alcohol. The helminth species were identified at the Department of Parasitology and Veterinary and Sanitary Examination of the MVA named after K. I. Skryabin using reference literature.Results and discussion. All pinnipeds were infected with nematodes of the family Anisakidae. Mature Pseudoterranova desipiens were found in the walrus (Infection Prevalence = 16.7% with Infection Intensity = 3 specimens/animal), mature Ps. desipiens, as well as Contracoecum osculatum and Anisakis simplex larvae (IP = 30.8% with II from 5 to 57 specimens) were found in the spotted seal, and Ps. desipiens larvae and mature Ps. desipiens were found in the ringed seal (IP = 15.4% with II from 1 to 4 specimens). Thus, only Ps. desipiens were represented by mature stages (females and males), and two other species of anisakids, C. osculatum and A. simplex, were found in the seals in the larval stage.
Studies of ticks of the genus Dermacentor (Acari; Ixodidae) on the natural occurrence of tularemia pathogen in the conditions of the Central Pre-Caucasian region
Authors: Lazarenko E. V. , Gnusareva O. A. , Shaposhnikova L. I. , Dubyansky V. M. 
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the research is the assessment of the Francisella tularensis occurrence in nature in ticks of the genus Dermacentor; understanding the physiological age in terms of tick infection with tularemia pathogen.Materials and methods. For the period from 2015 to 2019, we examined 8449 specimens of Dermacentor marginatus (916 pools), 8674 specimens of D. reticulatus (705 pools), and 109 specimens of D. niveus (40 pools) for tularemia infection. To assess the dependence of tularemia pathogen found in ticks of different physiological ages, we examined 2440 specimens of D. marginatus (360 pools), and 3349 specimens of D. reticulatus (412 pools) for the period from 2016 to 2019. Studies of ixodid ticks infected with tularemia pathogen were performed by the Natural Focal Infection Laboratory of the Stavropol Anti-Plague Institute. Pools of ixodid ticks were examined for the pathogen DNA of tularemia using reagent kits for identifying Francisella tularensis DNA by polymerase chain reaction with fluorescence hybridization of results recorded in real time.Results and discussion. The infection rate of the tularemia pathogen in ticks in the Central Pre-Caucasian region ranged from 0.044–1.127% in D. marginatus and 0.035–1.455% in D. reticulatus in different years. The greatest number of F. tularensis was isolated from the III physiological age ticks. For D. reticulatus ticks, no statistically significant dependence of the detected tularemia pathogen on physiological age was found.