bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh lama pengeringan terhadap kualitas butter cake mangga kweni kering
Authors: Safitri Febby , Ridawati  , Cucu Cahyana  
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh lama pengeringan terhadap kualitas butter cake mangga kweni kering pada aspek warna, aroma, rasa, dan tekstur. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Pastry dan Bakery Program Studi Pendidikan Tata Boga Fakultas Teknik Universitas Negeri Jakarta dan dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2019 – Januari 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan perlakuan lama waktu pengeringan yang berbeda yaitu 60 menit, 90 menit, dan 120 menit kemudian dilakukan uji organoleptik kepada 45 panelis agak terlatih. Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukan rata-rata tertinggi pada aspek warna yaitu 4,7 mendekati kuning tua dengan waktu pengeringan selama 120 menit, aspek aroma dengan nilai tertinggi 3,4 yaitu agak beraroma mangga kweni dengan waktu pengeringan selama 60 menit, pada aspek rasa mangga kweni nilai tertinggi 3,3 yaitu rasa agak terasa mangga kweni dengan waktu pengeringan selama 60 dan 90 menit, pada aspek rasa manis nilai tertinggi 3,7 mendekati terasa manis dengan waktu pengeringan selama 90 menit, dan pada aspek tekstur nilai tertinggi 4,3 yaitu tekstur agak renyah. Berdasarkan uji hipotesis menggunakan Uji Kruskal Wallis menyatakan bahwa aspek warna dilanjutkan Uji Tuckey’s dan hasil terbaik yang didapatkan adalah pada lama waktu pengeringan 120 menit menunjukan aspek warna mendekati kuning tua. Hasil uji kadar untuk lama waktu pengeringan 60 menit 2,97%, 90 menit 1,44%, dan 120 menit 0,46% sudah sesuai dengan SNI 01-2973-2011 yaitu maximum kadar air 5%, kemudian hasil uji kadar abu untuk lama waktu pengeringan 60 menit 1,5%, 90 menit 1,46%, dan 120 menit 1,41% sudah sesuai dengan SNI 01-2973-2009 maximum kadar abu 1,5%.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Ammonia with Titania Nanoparticles under UV Light Irradiation
Authors: Hashemi Seyedehfatemeh , Sabbaghi Samad , Saboori Rahmatallah , Zarenezhad Bahman 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Ammonia is one of the most significant contaminants of water resources which make perilous and dire environmental detriment for human life. In this investigation, the photocatalytic degradation of ammonia from an aqueous solution was evaluated with the help of titania nanoparticles. Titania nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by sol-gel procedure and also the surface morphology and chemical structure of them was carried out by XRD(X-ray powder diffraction), FTIR(Fourier transform infrared), DLS(Dynamic light scattering), EDX( Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), FE-SEM(field emission scanning electron microscope), and TEM(Transmission electron microscope) analyses. To elaborate the effect of some parameters including pH, initial concentration of pollutant, catalyst dosage and contact time, Design Expert Software (I optimal technique) was employed. Results demonstrated that titania NPs have a high photocatalytic activity for ammonia removal. Moreover, the pH parameter had the greatest effect on the degradation performance. The optimum amounts of NPs concentration, initial concentration of contaminant, contact time and pH obtained 0.3 g/l, 1500 mg/l, 120 min and 12. NPs were used four times and results showed that the removal efficiency of the NPs decrease from 96.96 % to 65%.
Tracking of General and Abdominal Obesity in Children Between 4 and 9 Years of Age: The Longitudinal Childhood Obesity Study (ELOIN)
Authors: Ortiz-Marrón Honorato , Ortiz-Pinto Maira Alejandra , Martínez-Mosquera José Galo , Miñarro Marien Lorente , Pinos Francisca Menchero , Gavín María Ordobás , Galán Iñaki 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

A relationship between obesity early life has been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the variations in general (GO) and abdominal (AO) obesity between 4 and 9 years of age.
Methods

Children who participated in all three follow-ups at 4, 6 and 9 years participating in ELOIN study (N = 1902). Measurements of BMI and waist circumference were taken by physical examination. Prevalence ratios (PRs) were estimated by sex and family affluence by generalized estimation equation models, and the relative risks (RRs) of obesity by Poisson regression.
Results

The prevalence of GO was 5.1%, 9.1%, and 15.6% at 4, 6, and 9 years, yielding a PR between 9 − 4 years of 3.05 (95%CI: 2.58–3.60). The prevalence of AO was 6.8%, 8.4%, 14.5%, and the PR (9 vs 4y) was 2.14 (95%CI: 1.85–2.48). GO and AO presented an inverse correlation with family affluence. Among participants who were in GO or AO at 4 years, 77.3% and 63.6% remained in obesity after 5 years. The RRs of GO and AO at 9 years were 4.6 and 4.1 if they were obese at 4 years (p < 0.001), which increased to 9.4 and 9.5 in children obese at 6 years (p < 0.001), and those with obesity at both 4–6 years had RRs of 10.3 and 9.9 (p < 0.001).
Conclusions

GO and AO begin at early age, persist with age and linked with low socioeconomic status. Obesity at 9 years is associated with early obesity, either stably or intermittently, so preventive interventions should be established very early.
Noble Metal Doped TiO2 Thin Films In The Efficient Removal of Mordant Orange-1: Insights of Degradation Process
Authors: Vanlalhmingmawia Chhakchhuak , Lalhriatpuia Chhakchhuak , Tiwari Diwakar , Kim Dong-Jin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Nanocomposite Ag0(NPs)/TiO2 is synthesized in a facile template method enabling fine particles of reduced Ag evenly distributed within the titania network. The morphological studies of nanocomposite were extensively performed employing SEM/EDX (Scanning Electron Spectroscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray), TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) and AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy). The newer insights in the photocatalytic elimination of Mordant Orange-1 (MO1) was obtained using the nanocomposite thin film for various parametric studies utilizing the UV-A and LED illuminations. The kinetics of degradation of MO1 was performed and the rate constant was favoured at lower concentrations of MO1. However, the elimination efficiency of MO1 was favoured with decrease in solution pH. The NPOC results inferred that fairly good extent of MO1 was mineralized using thin film catalyst for both the UV-A and LED illuminations. The minimal effect of several co-ions demonstrated applicability of thin films in the elimination of MO1 and the stability of the thin film has shown the potential applicability of thin film catalyst. Further, mechanism of photocatalytic degradation was demonstrated with the radical scavengers studies and ascertained the reaction pathways.
Are children on track with their routine immunisation schedule in a fragile and protracted conflict state of South Sudan?
Authors: Idris Israel Oluwaseyidayo , Tapkigen Janet , Kabutaulaka Germaine , Ayeni Gabriel Omoniyi , Ayomoh Francis Ifeanyi , Obwoya Justin Geno 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objectives

The objective of this study was to assess if children aged 0–23 months in a conflict-affected state of South Sudan were on track with their immunisation schedule and to identify predisposing factors that affected this study population from being on track with their routine immunisation schedule.
Design

Community-based cross-sectional study using a semi-structured questionnaire. The binary outcome of interest was defined as being on or off track with routine vaccination schedule. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyse for the association between the predisposing factors surveyed and being off track with one’s routine immunisation schedule.
Setting

Rural communities in four counties (Rumbek Centre, Rumbek North, Rumbek East and Wulu) of the Western Lakes state in South Sudan during January 10, 2020 to June 10, 2020.
Participants

We surveyed 428 children aged 0–23 months and their mothers/caregivers who lived in either of the four counties in the Western Lakes State. Participants were selected using random ballot sampling.
Results

More than three-quarters of the children surveyed (75.5%) were off track with their vaccination schedule. Children with an immunisation card had 71% reduced odds of being off track with their immunisation (AOR = 0.29; 95% CI 0.10–0.83, p-value = 0.021) compared to children without immunisation cards. Children who reside near health facilities and do not require transportation to facilities had 87% reduced odds of being off track with their immunisation compared to those who lived far and required transport to facilities. Giving an adequate immunisation notice before conducting immunisation outreach visits to communities was also associated with reduced odds (AOR = 0.27; 95% CI 0.09–0.78. p-value = 0.016) of children being off track with their immunisation.
Conclusion

This study revealed that most children were off track with their vaccination schedule in South Sudan, which is not only influenced by maternal characteristics but mainly by community- and state-level immunisation service delivery mechanisms. Interventions to improve child immunisation uptake should put these contextual characteristics into high health agenda consideration.
Survey of the Demand for Care Services for the Elderly and the Training Needs of their Care Workers: A Case Study in Northeast China
Authors: Li Shuqin , Zhang Jun , Liu Yan , Wang Ai-ping , Qiu Guixing 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The elderly are increasingly pursuing professional healthcare services,paying attention to the training of their workers is necessary to satisfying the growing needs of them. This study aimed to investigate the care service needs for the elderly and the training needs of their care workers. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire was conducted of 589 elderly people from 6 nursing institutions and 2 geriatric hospitals, 415 medical staff from 7 geriatric hospitals, 5 nursing homes, and 1 community institution, and 372 nursing assistants from 21 nursing institutions in northeast China.Results: The service with the greatest demand and that with which users were most satisfied was regular visits by medical personnel, which was the case for 87.27% of the elderly subjects. Of the medical staff, 75.42% had training needs related to healthcare for the elderly, while the most requested training content was of comprehensive assessment of the elderly. The most requested method for the delivery of training was by self-study online video courses. Of nursing assistants, only 53.4% had obtained the relevant practicing certificate. While 83.6% participated in relevant training, 86% expressed the need for additional training. The majority of these personnel wished to receive training in everyday care routines, and the majority wanted to learn by way of practical training.Conclusions: The care needs of the elderly are diverse, and the work performed by elderly care practitioners is increasing in scope. The existing training system for elderly care personnel is not perfect, and the demand for the training of relevant personnel is high. Existing training methods and content require improvement.
The study of the pathogenesis of idiopathic central precocious puberty based on gut microbiota
Authors: Huang Congfu , Wu Bin , Yang Wei , Chen Junru , Yang Zhenyu , Li Yinhu , Chen Shufen , Wu Xiangling , Wu Liping , Liu Haiying 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Object

To analyze the correlation between gut microbiota (GM) and hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance, carbohydrate metabolism, and explore whether the pathogenesis of idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is consistent based on GM.
Methods

In this study, we have recruited 27 ICPP (ICPP group) and 23 healthy children (healthy group), and collected the blood and fecal samples from the participants. Blood samples were tested for hormones, including the follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, prolactin, and testosterone. DNA was extracted from fecal samples, and amplified and sequenced with 16S rDNA V3-V4 region. Finally, we annotated the sequencing results, counted the differences in hormone indicators and GM composition between the two groups, and analyzed the correlation with clinical indicators. At the same time, we reviewed the literature on GM and PCOS.
Results

Compared with the healthy group, the ICPP group exhibited significantly higher levels of the hormone and other indicators (P < 0.05). At the phylum level, the ICPP group showed significantly enriched Proteobacteria than the healthy group (4.85% vs 2.92%). At the genus level, the abundances of Roseburia and Prevotella were significantly higher in the ICPP group than those in the healthy group (7.55% vs 2.01%, 3.95% vs 0.19%), but Bacteroides were obviously decreased in the ICPP group (29.96% vs 44.91%). In addition, the potential associations underlying the sex hormonal secretion and the carbohydrate metabolism pathways of GM increased significantly in the ICPP group.
Conclusion

The alternations of GM in ICPP patients are closely related to carbohydrate metabolism, hyperandrogenism, and insulin resistance, indicating similar pathogenesis with polycystic ovary syndrome.
A Stochastic Modelling Approach to Forecast Real-time Ice Jam Flood Severity Along the Transborder (New Brunswick/Maine) Saint John River of North America
Authors: Das Apurba , Budhathoki Sujata , Lindenschmidt Karl-Erich 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Ice jam floods (IJF) are a major concern for many riverine communities, government and non-government authorities and companies in the higher latitudes of the northern hemisphere. Ice jam related flooding can result in millions of dollars of property damages, loss of human life and adverse impacts on ecology. Ice jam flood forecasting is challenging as its formation mechanism is chaotic and depends on numerous unpredictable hydraulic and river ice factors. In this study, Modélisation environnementale communautaire – surface hydrology (MESH), a semi-distributed physically-based land-surface hydrological modelling system was used to acquire a 10-day flow forecast, an important boundary condition for any modelling of river ice-jam flood forecasting. A stochastic modelling approach was then applied to simulate hundreds of possible ice-jam scenarios using the hydrodynamic river ice model RIVICE within a Monte-Carlo Analysis (MOCA) framework for the Saint John River from Fort Kent to Grand Falls. First, a 10-day outlook was simulated to provide insight on the severity of ice jam flooding during spring breakup. Then, 3-day forecasts were modelled to provide longitudinal profiles of exceedance probabilities of ice jam flood staging along the river during the ice-cover breakup. Overall, results show that the stochastic approach performed well to estimate maximum probable ice-jam backwater level elevations for the spring 2021 breakup season.
Modified Catalytic Performance of Lactobacillus Fermentum L-lactate Dehydrogenase by Rational Design
Authors: Wu Aiai , cai Yujie , Bai Yajun , Fan Tai-Ping , Zheng Xiaohui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
L-lactate dehydrogenases can reduce alpha-keto carboxylic acids asymmetrically and generally have a broad substrate spectrum. L-lactate dehydrogenase gene (LF-L-LDH0845) with reducing activity towards 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpyruvate and phenylpyruvate was obtained from Lactobacillus fermentum JN248. To change the substrate specificity of LDH0845 and improve its catalytic activity towards large substrates, site-directed mutation of Tyr221 was performed by analyzing the amino acids in active center. Kinetic parameters show that the k cat values of Y221F mutant on 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpyruvate, 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate, and glyoxylate are 1.21 s -1 , 1.35 s -1 , and 0.72 s -1 , respectively, which are 420%, 150% and 130% of the wild-type LDH0845. This study shows that the mutations of Y221 can significantly change the substrate specificity of LDH0845, making it become a potential tool enzyme for the reduction of alpha-keto carboxylic acids with large functional groups.
Self-collected gargle specimen as a patient-friendly sample collection method for COVID-19 diagnosis in a population context
Authors: Utama Revata , Hapsari Rebriarina , Puspitasari Iva , Sari Desvita , Hendrianingtyas Meita , Nurainy Neni 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Scaling up SARS-CoV-2 testing and tracing continues to be plagued with the limitation of the sample collection method, which requires trained healthcare workers to perform and causes discomfort to the patients. In response, we assessed the performance and user preference of gargle specimens for qRT-PCR-based detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Indonesia. Inpatients who had recently been diagnosed with COVID-19 and outpatients who were about to perform qRT-PCR testing were asked to provide nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal (NPOP) swabs and self-collected gargle specimens. We demonstrated that self-collected gargle specimens can be an alternative specimen to detect SARS-CoV-2 and the viral RNA remained stable for 31 days at room temperature storage. The developed method was validated for use on multiple RNA extraction kits and commercially available COVID-19 RT-PCR kits. Our developed method achieved a sensitivity of 91.38% when compared to paired NPOP swab specimens (Ct < 35), with 97.10% of patients preferring the self-collected gargle method.
A Novel Rat Model of Interbody Fusion based on Anterior Lumbar Corpectomy and Fusion (ALCF)
Authors: Kang Yu , Liu Chao , Wang Ming , Wang Cheng , Yan Yi-Guo , Wang Wen-Jun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Rats have been widely used as experimental animals when performing fundamental research because they are economical, rapidly reproducing, and heal quickly. While the rat interbody fusion model has been applied in basic studies, existing rat models generally have shortcomings, such as insufficiently simulating clinical surgery. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel rat model of interbody fusion which more closely represents clinical surgery.Methods: The internal fixation was designed based on physical measurements of the rats’ lumbar spine. Then, ten rats divided into two groups (A and B) underwent anterior lumbar corpectomy and fusion of the L5 vertebrae. Groups A and B were sacrificed four and eight weeks post-surgery, respectively. Micro-CT and histological examination were used to evaluate the model. Fusion rate, bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular bone number (Tb.N), trabecular bone thickness (Tb.Th), and the area ratio of newly formed bone (NB) were calculated for quantitative analysis.Results: Based on the L5 body dimensions of individual rats, 3D-printed titanium cage of the appropriate size were printed. The operations were successfully completed in all ten rats, and X-ray confirmed that internal fixation was good without migration. Micro-CT suggested that fusion rates in group B (100%) were greater than group A (40%, P<0.05). The BV/TV (B: 42.20±10.50 vs. A: 29.02±3.25, P<0.05) and Tb.N (B: 4.66±1.23 vs. A: 1.97±0.40, P<0.05) were greater in group B than A, and the Tb.Th in group B was lower than group A (B: 0.10±0.04 vs. A: 0.15±0.02, P<0.05). Histomorphometry results demonstrated that the area ratio of NB in group B were greater than group A (B: 35.72±12.80 vs. A: 12.36±16.93, P<0.05).Conclusion: A rat interbody fusion model based on anterior lumbar corpectomy and fusion has successfully been constructed and verified. It could provide a new choice for fundamental research using animal models of spinal fusion.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Management of Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Choudhary Abha , Adhikari Soumya , White Perrin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background. The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had widespread impacts on the lives of parents and children. We determined how the pandemic affected Type 1 diabetes patients at a large urban pediatric teaching hospital.Methods. We compared patient characteristics, glycemic control, PHQ9 depression screen, in person and virtual outpatient encounters, hospitalizations and continuous glucose monitor (CGM) utilization in approximately 1600 patients in one -year periods preceding and following the local imposition of COVID-related restrictions on 3/15/2020 (“2019” and “2020” groups, respectively) Results. In a generalized linear model, increasing age, non-commercial insurance, Black and Hispanic race/ethnicity, and non-utilization of CGMs were all associated with higher hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), but there was no difference between the 2019 and 2020 groups. The time in range in CGM users was lower with non-commercial insurance and in Black and Hispanic patients; it improved slightly from 2019 to 2020. CGM utilization by patients with non-commercial insurance increased markedly. In 2020, patients with commercial insurance had fewer office visits, but insurance status did not influence utilization of the virtual visit platform. There was no change in hospitalization rates from 2019 to 2020 in either commercially or non-commercially insured patients, but patients with non-commercial insurance were hospitalized at markedly higher rates in both years. PHQ9 scores were unchanged.Conclusions. Hospitalization rates, glycemic control and depression screening were unchanged in our large urban pediatric teaching hospital during the COVID pandemic. Increased utilization of CGM and rapid adoption of telemedicine may have ameliorated the impact of the pandemic on disease management.
High individual heterogeneity of neutralizing activities against the original 4 strain and 9 different variants of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Jaafar Rita , Boschi Celine , Aherfi Sarah , Bancod Audrey , Bideau Marion Le , Edouard Sophie , Colson Philippe , Chahinian Henri , Raoult Didier , Yahi Nouara , Fantini Jacques , SCOLA Bernard LA 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, several SARS-CoV-2 variants have sequentially emerged. In France, most cases were due to spike D641G-harbouring viruses that descended initially from the Wuhan strain, then by variant of B.1.160 lineage we called Marseille-4 since the summer of 2020, which was followed by the alpha (UK) and beta (South African) variants in early 2021, then delta (Indian) now.Methods and Findings. We determined the neutralizing antibody (nAb) titres in sera from convalescent individuals previously infected by these 4 major local variants and from vaccine recipients to the original Wuhan strain and 9 variants, including two recent circulating delta (Indian) isolates. The results show high inter-individual heterogeneity in nAbs, especially according to the variant tested. Unexpectedly, the major variations among nAbs are based on the genotype responsible for the infection. Patients previously infected with the beta and B.1.160 variants had the lowest nAb titres. We show that this heterogeneity is well explained by spike protein mutants modelling using in silico approaches. The highest titres were observed in patients vaccinated with the Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, even against the delta variant.Conclusions. Immunity acquired naturally after infection is highly dependent on the infecting variant and unexpectedly mRNA-based vaccine efficacy is shown to be often better than natural immunity in eliciting neutralizing antibodies.