bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐potandtwo‐potmethods for chalcone derived pyrimidines synthesis and applications
Authors: Farooq Saba , Ngaini Zainab 
Published: January 2021

AbstractChalcone‐derived pyrimidine is a well‐known heterocyclic compound that is commonly present in ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) bio‐isosteres. Pyrimidine derivatives are effective in both the electronic industry and drug industries. This review highlights the synthesis of pyrimidines, namely mono‐pyrimidine, bis‐pyrimidine, fused pyrimidine, symmetric, and asymmetric pyrimidine via one‐pot and two‐pot methods. The one‐pot method is the direct reaction of amino derivatives with aldehydes and acetophenones, whereas the two‐pot method is frequently reported for the synthesis of chalcone before the cyclization to a pyrimidine. This review is important in organic synthesis, particularly in the heterocyclic field, regarding pyrimidines and their significance in therapeutic and electronic industries.
Mesenchymal stromal cells expressing a dominant-negative high mobility group A1 transgene exhibit improved function during sepsis
Authors: Kwon Min-Young , Ghanta Sailaja , Ng Julie , Castano Ana P , Han Junwen , Ith Bonna , Lederer James A , El-Chemaly Souheil , Chung Su Wol , Liu Xiaoli , Perrella Mark A 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHigh mobility group (HMG)A proteins are nonhistone chromatin proteins that bind to the minor groove of DNA, interact with transcriptional machinery, and facilitate DNA-directed nuclear processes. HMGA1 has been shown to regulate genes involved with systemic inflammatory processes. We hypothesized that HMGA1 is important in the function of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which are known to modulate inflammatory responses due to sepsis. To study this process, we harvested MSCs from transgenic (Tg) mice expressing a dominant-negative (dn) form of HMGA1 in mesenchymal cells. MSCs harvested from Tg mice contained the dnHMGA1 transgene, and transgene expression did not change endogenous HMGA1 levels. Immunophenotyping of the cells, along with trilineage differentiation revealed no striking differences between Tg and wild-type (WT) MSCs. However, Tg MSCs growth was decreased compared with WT MSCs, although Tg MSCs were more resistant to oxidative stress-induced death and expressed less IL-6. Tg MSCs administered after the onset of Escherichia coli-induced sepsis maintained their ability to improve survival when given in a single dose, in contrast with WT MSCs. This survival benefit of Tg MSCs was associated with less tissue cell death, and also a reduction in tissue neutrophil infiltration and expression of neutrophil chemokines. Finally, Tg MSCs promoted bacterial clearance and enhanced neutrophil phagocytosis, in part through their increased expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 compared with WT MSCs. Taken together, these data demonstrate that expression of dnHMGA1 in MSCs provides a functional advantage of the cells when administered during bacterial sepsis.
Enzyme replacement therapy interruption in mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA patients and its impact in different clinical outcomes
Authors: Politei Juan , Porras‐Hurtado Gloria Liliana , Guelbert Norberto , Fainboim Alejandro , Horovitz Dafne Dain Gandelman , Satizábal José María 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMucopolysaccharidosis type IVA (MPS IVA) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the GALNS gene, which leads to deficient activity of N‐acetylglucosamine‐6‐sulfate sulfatase. MPS IVA patients usually present skeletal dysplasia, coarse features, short stature, airway obstruction, cervical spinal cord compression, dental abnormalities, and cardiac valvular alterations. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with elosulfase alfa is the only disease‐specific treatment available for MPS IVA patients and has been shown to improve important clinical and biochemical parameters; however, little is known about the effects of ERT interruption on these patients. In this article, we report the impact of different periods of treatment interruption on clinical outcomes of 18 MPS IVA patients. All MPS IVA patients included in this case series were treated and followed up in Latin American centers and had been receiving elosulfase alfa intravenously for at least 8 months before ERT was interrupted. Different clinical parameters and assessments were evaluated at variable timepoints following therapy interruption. Altogether, our report indicates that some beneficial ERT effects in MPS IVA patients may last after different periods of treatment interruption, as cardiac and respiratory function improvements. However, worsening of important disease parameters after ERT interruption, such as the increase in uGAGs, pain, joint and skeletal aspects, and surgery indications suggests that treatment discontinuation should be avoided in order to maintain the disease as stable as possible, aiming to optimize these patients' life expectancy and quality of life.
Analysis of food samples made easy by microextraction technologies directly coupled to mass spectrometry
Authors: Gionfriddo Emanuela , Gómez‐Ríos German Augusto 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBecause of the complexity and diversity of food matrices, their chemical analysis often entails several analytical challenges to attain accurate and reliable results, especially for multiresidue analysis and ultratrace quantification. Nonetheless, microextraction technology, such as solid‐phase microextraction (SPME), has revolutionized the concept of sample preparation for complex matrices because of its nonexhaustive, yet quantitative extraction approach and its amenability to coupling to multiple analytical platforms. In recent years, microextraction devices directly interfaced with mass spectrometry (MS) have redefined the analytical workflow by providing faster screening and quantitative methods for complex matrices. This review will discuss the latest developments in the field of food analysis by means of microextraction approaches directly coupled to MS. One key feature that differentiates SPME‐MS approaches from other ambient MS techniques is the use of matrix compatible extraction phases that prevent biofouling, which could drastically affect the ionization process and are still capable of selective extraction of the targeted analytes from the food matrix. Furthermore, the review examines the most significant applications of SPME‐MS for various ionization techniques such as direct analysis in real time, dielectric barrier desorption ionization, and some unique SPME geometries, for example, transmission mode SPME and coated blade spray, that facilitate the interface to MS instrumentation.
Trust and energy aware routing algorithm for Internet of Things networks
Authors: Mujeeb Shaik Mohammed , Sam Rachapudy Praveen , Madhavi Kasa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe expansion in the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to a shift towards smart technologies. IoT focuses on integrating networks to facilitate smooth services to humans. The interface between the mobility patterns and the routing protocols is considered to increase the performance of the network. However, incorporating security in the IoT network has been a major issue that continues to nurture with increasing IoT devices. This article addresses this issue by developing a novel technique, namely energy harvesting trust aware routing algorithm (EHTARA) for initiating a trust‐based routing model in the IoT network in the presence of ambient energy sources. The cost metric is newly devised by considering energy, distance, and trust parameters for determining the best path. At the base station, big data classification is performed using the adaptive exponential‐Bat (adaptive E‐Bat) algorithm based deep belief network (DBN). The training of DBN is performed using the adaptive E‐Bat algorithm, which is the combination of adaptive concept, exponential weighted moving average (EWMA), and Bat algorithm (BA). Here, the optimization‐based map‐reduce framework helps to deal with the imbalanced data by adapting the deep learning in classification. The proposed EHTARA outperformed other methods with a maximal energy of 0.927.
Numeric‐analytical solution of an LC circuit with nonlinear capacitor based on the symplectic conservative perturbation method
Authors: Yang Hongwei , Wang Yingying , Wang Yuqi , Lv Fandi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe LC circuit with a nonlinear capacitor is analyzed using the symplectic conservative perturbation method based on the symplectic matrix. By treating the electric charge and the flux linkage as dual variables, the LC circuit system can be transformed into a Hamiltonian system. Then we solve the nonlinear Hamiltonian matrix equation by the perturbation method. The Hamiltonian matrix can be cast into linear and nonlinear parts. Based on the exact solution of the linear part, the nonlinear part is solved perturbatively by a canonical transformation. Since the coefficient matrix of the obtained equation is still a Hamiltonian matrix, symplectic conservation is guaranteed. The validity of the method is demonstrated, and the stability, precision, and the efficiency of the method are discussed by comparing it with the fourth‐order Runge–Kutta method (RK4), the ordinary perturbation method, the small‐parameter perturbation method based on displacement (SPPD), and the harmonic balance (HB) method. Numerical results show that the proposed method has better stability, precision, and efficiency compared with the other methods and thus has great advantages in long‐term simulations.
A closer look at pathogenesis of cerebral mucormycosis in diabetic condition: A mini review
Authors: Khoshbayan Amin , Didehdar Mojtaba , Chegini Zahra , Taheri Fateme , Shariati Aref 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPatients with diabetes are considered a high‐risk group involved with cerebral mucormycosis (CM). Due to the potential of Mucorales to invade sinuses and its rapid progression into orbit and retro‐orbital areas and even brain, in most cases, CM is fatal in patients with diabetes. In the last few decades, mucormycosis and background conditions responsible for the development of its infections have received a great deal of attention. Dysfunction of innate and adaptive immune system, the increased amount of available nutrition, expression of host factors, and free iron level in plasma in diabetic ketoacidosis are among the topics that have been mostly taken into account so far. Therefore, it is important to clarify the molecular mechanisms that let the Mucorales to involve the patients with diabetes, which even at early stages of diagnosis and treatment, there is minimum chance to control the disease.
Seasonal temperature trends on the Spanish mainland: A secular study (1916–2015)
Authors: Peña‐Angulo Dhais , Gonzalez‐Hidalgo José Carlos , Sandonís Leire , Beguería Santiago , Tomas‐Burguera Miquel , López‐Bustins Joan Albert , Lemus‐Canovas Marc , Martin‐Vide Javier 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTrends in seasonal mean values of maximum and minimum temperature are analysed in the Spanish mainland from the new MOTEDAS_century database. This new data set has been developed combining the digitalized archives from the Spanish Meteorological Agency (AEMET) with information retrieved from Annual Books published by the former Meteorological Agency dating back to 1916, and covers the period 1916–2015. In all four seasons, mean seasonal temperature of maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) increased. The raising occurred in two main pulses separated by a first pause around the middle of the 20th century, but differed among seasons and also between maximum and minimum temperature. Analysis of the percentage of land affected by significant trends in maximum temperature reveals two increasing phases in spring and summer for Tmax, and in spring, summer, and autumn for Tmin. However, winter Tmax only rose during the recent decades, and autumn Tmax in the first decades. Negative significant trends were found in extended areas in spring Tmax, and in spring, autumn, and summer Tmin, confirming the first pause around the 1940's–1960's. Trends of seasonal mean values of Tmax and Tmin are not significant for at least the last 25–35 years of the study period, depending on the season. The areas under significant positive trend are usually more extended for Tmin than Tmax at any season and period. Areas with significant trend expand and contract in time according to two spatial gradients: south‐east to north‐west (east‐west) for Tmax, and west to east for Tmin. We hypothesize a relationship between atmospheric prevalent advection and relief as triggering factors to understand spatial and temporal differences in seasonal temperatures at regional scale during the 20th century in the Iberian Peninsula.
Functionality and consumer acceptability of low‐fat breakfast sausages processed with non‐meat ingredients of pulse derivatives
Authors: Pietrasik Zeb , Soladoye Olugbenga P 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDOwing to recent changes in consumer eating behaviours as well as potential cost savings for processors, pulse ingredients are finding more application in the meat processing industry. In this study, pea ingredients (pea fibre, FB; pea starch, ST; pea flour, PF) and chickpea flour (CF) were used, at 4% addition level, as fat replacers in low‐fat breakfast sausages. The impact of these substitutions on processing and sensory characteristics of breakfast sausage was evaluated.RESULTSWhile reduction in fat content in breakfast sausage resulted in some detrimental changes in cooking as well as textural characteristics of the product, addition of binders significantly improved these attributes in low‐fat breakfast sausages. Overall, treatment formulation did not significantly affect the pH and the instrumental colour attributes of cooked breakfast sausage. Addition of all binders resulted in reduced cooking loss and increased moisture retention in low‐fat breakfast sausage (P < 0.05), whereas, FB and ST were significantly more effective in improving water holding capacity of low‐fat breakfast sausage. Furthermore, while both FB and ST increased the hardness, cohesiveness and chewiness parameters of low‐fat breakfast sausage (P < 0.05), PF and CF had no impact. Generally, the consumer overall liking and flavour acceptability of FB and ST in low‐fat breakfast sausage were significantly higher than those of PF and CF.CONCLUSIONThe use of ST or FB as a fat replacer in breakfast sausages offers processors improved cook yield without negatively impacting the important sensory attributes of breakfast sausages. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of lipase incorporation on gelling properties of catfish (Clarias lazera) surimi and its mechanism
Authors: Jiao Xidong , Su Ruihua , Zhu Huaping , Yan Bowen , Wang Qian , Cao Hongwei , Huang Jianlian , Zhao Jianxin , Zhang Hao , Fan Daming 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecently, fatty fish have been utilized as a potential approach for the fabrication of surimi products, with the yield of fatty fish surimi being > 10 000 tons in 2019. However, the gelling properties of catfish surimi can be influenced by intermuscular lipid. Lipase could effectively enhance the gel quality of catfish surimi gels, although the chemical forces involved in gel formation and alteration in lipid and protein oxidation status are not well understood. The present study investigated the gelation‐enhancing effects of lipase on catfish surimi based on changes in chemical oxidation interactions.RESULTSThe addition of 7.5 g kg−1 lipase significantly increased the hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bond contents, both of which facilitated gel formation, in surimi gels. The 2‐thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and carbonyl concentrations demonstrated that lipase promoted lipid and protein oxidations. Furthermore, an appropriate dose of malondialdehyde accelerated protein oxidation, thereby resulting in the covalent cross‐linking of proteins. Consequently, the gel strength increased from 55.72 to 127.71 g × cm with lipase contents of up to 7.5 g kg−1, and strong chemical cross‐linking and a compact network were observed via sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and scanning electron microscopy. However, excessive oxidation led to the degeneration of the gel matrix. A schematic mechanism, mainly based on the chemical changes, is proposed.CONCLUSIONThe present study revealed the gelation mechanism of catfish surimi gels with lipase, and suggested that lipase treatments may be an effective approach for improving the textural properties of fatty fish surimi gels. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Protein films from black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens, Diptera: Stratiomyidae) prepupae: effect of protein solubility and mild crosslinking
Authors: Nuvoli Daniele , Montevecchi Giuseppe , Lovato Francesca , Masino Francesca , Van Der Borght Mik , Messori Massimo , Antonelli Andrea 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis work evaluated the performances of protein‐based bioplastics obtained from black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) prepupae. Protein films were synthesized by film casting, using both the whole proteins and their soluble fraction at pH = 10. The effects of glycerol as a plasticizer and of citric acid as a mild crosslinker on film properties were also evaluated.RESULTSFilms obtained using the soluble protein fraction were the strongest, as well as the most homogeneous and transparent ones. Protein mild crosslinking improved film tensile properties, especially in films obtained with the whole protein fraction. Non‐crosslinked samples had a high affinity with water while crosslinking almost eliminated the ability of films to absorb water. All protein‐based films proved to be effective barriers to red light (transmittance less than 2%).CONCLUSIONSBioplastics derived from black soldier fly prepupae may find applications in the agricultural sector (biodegradable pots, mulching films, utensils) and deserve to be tested for food and non‐food packaging. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Preparation, evaluation, and application of dummy molecularly imprinted polymer for analysis of hesperidin in lime juice
Authors: Mohammadinejad Arash , Kamrani Rad Seyedeh Zohreh , Karimi Gholamreza , Motamedshariaty Vahideh Sadat , Mohajeri Seyed Ahmad 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLime juice as the most commonly used natural source production can be characterized using determination of flavonoids contents such as hesperidin. So, development of analyzing methods for checking the quality and healthiness of lime juices is necessary. In this study, we aimed to set up a selective solid phase extraction method using dummy molecularly imprinting approach for extraction and separation of hesperidin in lime juice to check the quality of commercial lime juice products of Mashhad city market. The imprinted polymers were synthesized by hesperitin as dummy template due to the hesperitin solubility in the wide range of porogenic solvents. The specificity extent of synthesized polymers toward hesperidin was tested and optimum one was used as adsorbent in solid‐phase extraction cartridge. The dummy molecularly imprinted polymer with high adsorption capacity for hesperidin (dissociation constant 0.12 μM) was successfully used for extraction and clean‐up of hesperidin in the lime juice matrix prior to analysis by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The analysis of hesperidin was done in the range of 0.312–50 μg/mL with detection limit of 0.05 μg/mL. This technique was successfully set up to remove the interfering compounds for analysis of hesperidin in commercial lime juice products.
Interobserver Agreement of Lung Ultrasound Findings of COVID‐19
Authors: Kumar Andre , Weng Yingjie , Graglia Sally , Chung Sukyung , Duanmu Youyou , Lalani Farhan , Gandhi Kavita , Lobo Viveta , Jensen Trevor , Nahn Jeffrey , Kugler John 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundLung ultrasound (LUS) has received considerable interest in the clinical evaluation of patients with COVID‐19. Previously described LUS manifestations for COVID‐19 include B‐lines, consolidations, and pleural thickening. The interrater reliability (IRR) of these findings for COVID‐19 is unknown.MethodsThis study was conducted between March and June 2020. Nine physicians (hospitalists: n = 4; emergency medicine: n = 5) from 3 medical centers independently evaluated n = 20 LUS scans (n = 180 independent observations) collected from patients with COVID‐19, diagnosed via RT‐PCR. These studies were randomly selected from an image database consisting of COVID‐19 patients evaluated in the emergency department with portable ultrasound devices. Physicians were blinded to any patient information or previous LUS interpretation. Kappa values (κ) were used to calculate IRR.ResultsThere was substantial IRR on the following items: normal LUS scan (κ = 0.79 [95% CI: 0.72–0.87]), presence of B‐lines (κ = 0.79 [95% CI: 0.72–0.87]), ≥3 B‐lines observed (κ = 0.72 [95% CI: 0.64–0.79]). Moderate IRR was observed for the presence of any consolidation (κ = 0.57 [95% CI: 0.50–0.64]), subpleural consolidation (κ = 0.49 [95% CI: 0.42–0.56]), and presence of effusion (κ = 0.49 [95% CI: 0.41–0.56]). Fair IRR was observed for pleural thickening (κ = 0.23 [95% CI: 0.15–0.30]).DiscussionMany LUS manifestations for COVID‐19 appear to have moderate to substantial IRR across providers from multiple specialties utilizing differing portable devices.The most reliable LUS findings with COVID‐19 may include the presence/count of B‐lines or determining if a scan is normal. Clinical protocols for LUS with COVID‐19 may require additional observers for the confirmation of less reliable findings such as consolidations.
The Value of Shear Wave Elastography in Predicting the Risk of Endometrial Cancer and Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia
Authors: Ma Hui , Yang Zongli , Wang Yinhong , Song Haibo , Zhang Fengming , Yang Li , Yan Na , Zhang Shuai , Cai Yueru , Li Jiguang 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate shear wave elastography (SWE) technology diagnosis value of endometrial cancer (EC) and atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH), and to establish predictive logistic regression models for the diagnosis of EC and AEH.MethodsClinical information collection, transvaginal conventional ultrasonography, and SWE check were performed on 122 patients, who were perimenopausal or postmenopausal vaginal bleeding with ≥4.5 mm thick endometrium. The maximal (Emax) and mean (Emean) of Young's modulus for the endometrium were obtained. Using pathology as the gold standard, ROC curves were plotted to evaluate Young's modulus on the diagnostic effectiveness of EC and AEH. Single‐factor analysis and bivariate logistic regression methods were applied to assess the clinical variables, transuaginal conventional ultrasonography variables, and Young's modulus on the identification of EC and AEH.ResultsOut of 122 cases of endometrial lesions, 85 cases were benign lesions, and the remaining 37 cases were EC and AEH. The Emax and Emean for the benign group were 29.80 ± 11.40 and 17.96 ± 8.05 kPa, respectively. The Emax and Emean values for EC and AEH group were 59.49 ± 16.95 and 38.46 ± 17.10 kPa, respectively. Emax and Emean for both groups were statistically significant, with p <.001. In the logistical regression analysis, endometrial thickness, Color score, and Young's modulus were identified as independent risk factors for EC and AEH.ConclusionsSWE technology plays an important role in the diagnosis of EC and AEH, and the diagnostic effectiveness would be higher when combined with conventional ultrasonography.