bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chiral oscillations in the non-relativistic regime
Authors: Bittencourt Victor A. S. V. , Bernardini Alex E. , Blasone Massimo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMassive Dirac particles are a superposition of left and right chiral components. Since chirality is not a conserved quantity, the free Dirac Hamiltonian evolution induces chiral quantum oscillations, a phenomenon related to the Zitterbewegung, the trembling motion of free propagating particles. While not observable for particles in relativistic dynamical regimes, chiral oscillations become relevant when the particle’s rest energy is comparable to its momentum. In this paper, we quantify the effect of chiral oscillations on the non-relativistic evolution of a particle state described as a Dirac bispinor and specialize our results to describe the interplay between chiral and flavor oscillations of non-relativistic neutrinos: we compute the time-averaged survival probability and observe an energy-dependent depletion of the quantity when compared to the standard oscillation formula. In the non-relativistic regime, this depletion due to chiral oscillations can be as large as 40$$\%$$
%
. Finally, we discuss the relevance of chiral oscillations in upcoming experiments which will probe the cosmic neutrino background.
Target Lesion Lipid Content Detected by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy After Stenting and the Risk of Subsequent Target Lesion Failure
Authors: Madder Ryan D. , Kubo Takashi , Ino Yasushi , Kameyama Takeyoshi , Terada Kosei , VanOosterhout Stacie , Mulder Abbey , McNamara Michael , Kenaan Mohamad , Samani Soroush , Kassier Adnan , Parker Jessica L. , McNamara Richard , Akasaka Takashi 
Published: May 2021

Objective:
After percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), it is unknown whether retained lipid content in the stented segment increases the risk of target lesion failure (TLF). This study evaluated the association between retained lipid content in the stented segment detected by post-PCI intracoronary near-infrared spectroscopy and TLF.

Approach and Results:

After the performance of PCI, post-PCI near-infrared spectroscopy–intravascular ultrasound images were acquired and analyzed by an independent core laboratory for retained lipid content in the stented segment, quantified by the maximum lipid core burden index in 4 mm (maxLCBI
4mm
). The primary outcome was TLF during follow-up, defined as a composite of cardiovascular death, target vessel myocardial infarction, and clinically driven target lesion revascularization. Among 202 patients with 209 target lesions treated by PCI and followed for 3.5±1.4 years, baseline post-PCI near-infrared spectroscopy–intravascular ultrasound images revealed a significantly greater maxLCBI
4mm
in stented lesions with (297 [211, 401]) versus without (119 [9, 258]) TLF during follow-up (
P
=0.006). By multivariate logistic regression, maxLCBI
4mm
in the stented segment was independently associated with subsequent TLF (odds ratio, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.2–2.1] for every 100-unit increase,
P
=0.004). By receiver-operating characteristic analysis, the optimal residual maxLCBI
4mm
threshold in the stented segment for subsequent TLF was 200. Stented lesions with a residual maxLCBI
4mm
>200 had significantly greater TLF during follow-up than stented lesions with a maxLCBI
4mm
≤200 (15.0% versus 3.1%,
P
=0.002).

Conclusions:
Retained lipid content detected by near-infrared spectroscopy in the stented segment after PCI was associated with an increased risk of subsequent TLF.
Overview of SMP-CAIL2020-Argmine: The Interactive Argument-Pair
Extraction in Judgement Document Challenge
Authors: Yuan Jian , Wei Zhongyu , Gao Yixu , Chen Wei , Song Yun , Zhao Donghua , Ma Jinglei , Hu Zhen , Zou Shaokun , Li Donghai , Huang Xuanjing 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper we present the results of the Interactive Argument-Pair Extraction in Judgement Document Challenge held by both the Chinese AI and Law Challenge (CAIL) and the Chinese National Social Media Processing Conference (SMP), and introduce the related data set - SMP-CAIL2020-Argmine. The task challenged participants to choose the correct argument among five candidates proposed by the defense to refute or acknowledge the given argument made by the plaintiff, providing the full context recorded in the judgement documents of both parties. We received entries from 63 competing teams, 38 of which scored higher than the provided baseline model (BERT) in the first phase and entered the second phase. The best performing system in the two phases achieved accuracy of 0.856 and 0.905, respectively. In this paper, we will present the results of the competition and a summary of the systems, highlighting commonalities and innovations among participating systems. The SMP-CAIL2020-Argmine data set and baseline models① have been already released.
Children and Cheap Print from a Transnational Perspective
Authors: Carnelos Laura , Marazzi Elisa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
From their earliest existence cheap printed texts were intended to be read by a mixed-age audience, young people included. Research on children’s literature has flourished in the last decades, nonetheless the role that cheap and ephemeral print played in early modern children’s lives has been largely overlooked.
Based on both existing literature and new research in various European areas, this article asks how, where, and when a market for a distinctively children’s cheap print took shape and how transnational this phenomenon was. It demonstrates that children were avid consumers of cheap print even before they were openly addressed to in titlepages and paratexts, and that a market for them developed at different paces in early modern European countries. In some areas, books for children were produced even before the so-called birth of modern children’s literature. Furthermore, this essays shows how the evolution of printing techniques and especially the introduction of colour changed this market, making a wider range of printed products more widely affordable by juvenile audiences as well as more appealing to young eyes.
Russia and the Melkites of Syria: Attempts at Reconverting into Orthodoxy in the 1850-s and 1860-s
Authors: Gerd Lora 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Having entered into union with Rome in the 18th century, the Melkite Arab community of Syria preserved their Eastern rites and traditions. The attempts at Latinization in the mid-19th century brought a split in the community and provoked a diplomatic effort by Russia to bring the Melkites back to Eastern Orthodoxy. The raise of Arab nationalism in the 1850-s and traditions of church independence created a fertile soil for separatism. The relative weakness and inconsistency of Russian support, and especially a lack of material resources and strong diplomatic pressure from France, resulted in most of the newly converted Melkites returning to Rome by the early 1860-s. The article argues that Russian church policy in 19th century Middle East, strongly bounded by the limits of Orthodox canon law was largely ineffective. The Melkite affair was the last attempt to integrate the Arab Christians in the traditional system of the “Greek” Patriarchates. Thereafter Russian diplomacy took the course of Arabizing the Patriarchate of Antioch. The episode did, however, contribute to the elaboration of a new Vatican policy towards the Eastern Catholics: respect for their rites and traditions.
New genera and species of Ptiliini (Coleoptera: Ptiliidae) with a tribal revision and key to genera
Authors: Darby Michael 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The list of genera in the polyphyletic tribe Ptiliini, used as a dumping ground for difficult genera of Ptiliidae by several generations of Coleopterists, is brought up to date with recent additions and omissions, and figures and a key to the genera are provided to aid their determination. 29 new species and 3 new genera are added. It was hoped to be able to determine some generic groups within the tribe but that work must depend on further cladistical and DNA research in the future. The new genera are Cingulum gen.n., Iloptila gen.n. and Numa gen.n. and the new species are Actidium cooteri sp.n., A. minimum sp.n., A. nigrum sp.n., Cingulum orsippus gen.n. sp.n., Dipentium bicolor sp.n., D. punctissimum sp.n., D. spinosum sp.n., Gomyella intricata sp.n., G. nicoya sp.n., G. profunda sp.n., G. tripla sp.n., Greensladella cicra sp.n., G. similata sp.n., Iloptila modica gen.n. sp.n., Micridium circulatum sp.n., M. dembickyi sp.n., M. hirsutum sp.n., M. juara sp.n., M. novum sp.n., Millidium karnatakense sp.n., Numa carmen gen.n. sp.n., Ptiliodes kanchiporam sp.n., Ptiliola bennetti sp.n., P. nigra sp.n., P. peruviensis sp.n., Ptilium lisae sp.n., P. longum sp.n., P. pallidulum sp.n. and P. piceum sp.n.
“Chinese Perception of U.S. Presidential Candidates”
Authors: Hughes Jeremy M. , Swanson Brian A. , Swanson Mary K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Little is known about the perceptions of Chinese citizens regarding U.S. domestic politics, particularly among university students in the People’s Republic of China. During their time at institutions of higher learning, U.S. students often experience heightened political awareness and increased engagement with political issues. Scholars have conducted minimal research, however, among their Chinese counterparts. Given the current political climate, as the United States and the prc have an exceptionally contentious relationship, the opinions of Chinese students regarding the most recent U.S. presidential candidates have particular interest. This case study examines 506 Chinese university students’ perspectives on U.S. 2020 presidential election candidates Donald J. Trump and Joseph R. Biden Jr. Findings indicate that there is a negative perception of Trump, a great deal of uncertainty regarding Biden, and considerable diversity among opinions overall.
Out of Place
Authors: Altink Henrice 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Because hotels are a microcosm of society, they offer a useful case study to explore social inequalities, including racial divisions. This article examines the experiences of African-Jamaican hotel workers and guests from independence in 1962 till the present to demonstrate the salience of Jamaica’s race and color relations. It argues that hotel workers and guests at times challenged the racialized practices that they experienced but more often refrained from doing so because of their socialization into a long-standing ethos of “Black is nuh good” and exposure to a nationalist ideology that projected a vision of racial harmony. The article also shows that through their responses to claims of racial discrimination in hotels, a variety of stakeholders, including tourist organizations, failed to challenge the island’s racial hierarchy which placed Whites on top, light-skinned Jamaicans in the middle, and dark-skinned Jamaicans at the bottom.
“The Greek Crisis Ends here Tonight”: A Qualitative Study of Labor Market Deregulation in Greece Beyond the “Crisis” Paradigm
Authors: Poulimenakos Giorgos , Della Puppa Anna Giulia , Alexandridis Antonios , Pavlopoulos Dimitris , Dalakoglou Dimitris 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The concept of crisis has frequently been used to characterize seismic historical events of the 21st century, and many scholars have interpreted it according to Agamben’s elaboration of the state of exception. Following this paradigm, the crisis period in Greece is often perceived as a violent rupture from the previous state of relative stability that spanned the whole social spectrum. We argue, however, that although the idea of exceptions and rupture may be valid for phenomena such as urban policies or social control, it does not apply in the context of the labor market. Attempting to go beyond the idea of crisis as a rupture, in this article we will illustrate how the current crisis instead masks a number of pre-existing phenomena. We do so through qualitative empirical data and analysis of workers’ perceptions regarding one of the most emblematic phenomena of the so-called Greek crisis: labor market deregulation.
Best Practices for Modeling Egocentric Social Network Data and Health Outcomes
Authors: Burgette Jacqueline M. , Rankine Jacquelin , Culyba Alison J. , Chu Kar-Hai , Carley Kathleen M. 
Published: May 2021

Objective/Aim: We describe best practices for modeling egocentric networks and health outcomes using a five-step guide. Background: Social network analysis (SNA) is common in social science fields and has more recently been used to study health-related topics including obesity, violence, substance use, health organizational behavior, and healthcare utilization. SNA, alone or in conjunction with spatial analysis, can be used to uniquely evaluate the impact of the physical or built environment on health. The environment can shape the presence, quality, and function of social relationships with spatial and network processes interacting to affect health outcomes. While there are some common measures frequently used in modeling the impact of social networks on health outcomes, there is no standard approach to social network modeling in health research, which impacts rigor and reproducibility. Methods: We provide an overview of social network concepts and terminology focused on egocentric network data. Egocentric, or personal networks, take the perspective of an individual who identifies their own connections (alters) and also the relationships between alters. Results: We describe best practices for modeling egocentric networks and health outcomes according to the following five-step guide: (1) model selection, (2) social network exposure variable and selection considerations, (3) covariate selection related to sociodemographic and health characteristics, (4) covariate selection related to social network characteristics, and (5) analytic considerations. We also present an example of SNA. Conclusions: SNA provides a powerful repertoire of techniques to examine how relationships impact attitudes, experiences, and behaviors—and subsequently health.
Exploring genetic resistance to infectious salmon anaemia virus in Atlantic salmon by genome-wide association and RNA sequencing
Authors: Gervais O. , Barria A. , Papadopoulou A. , Gratacap R. L. , Hillestad B. , Tinch A. E. , Martin S. A. M. , Robledo D. , Houston R. D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundInfectious Salmonid Anaemia Virus (ISAV) causes a notifiable disease that poses a large threat for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture worldwide. There is no fully effective treatment or vaccine, and therefore selective breeding to increase resistance to ISAV is a promising avenue for disease prevention. Genomic selection and potentially genome editing can be applied to enhance host resistance, and these approaches benefit from improved knowledge of the genetic and functional basis of the target trait. The aim of this study was to characterise the genetic architecture of resistance to ISAV in a commercial Atlantic salmon population and study its underlying functional genomic basis using RNA Sequencing.ResultsA total of 2833 Atlantic salmon parr belonging to 194 families were exposed to ISAV in a cohabitation challenge in which cumulative mortality reached 63% over 55 days. A total of 1353 animals were genotyped using a 55 K SNP array, and the estimate of heritability for the trait of binary survival was 0.13–0.33 (pedigree-genomic). A genome-wide association analysis confirmed that resistance to ISAV was a polygenic trait, albeit a genomic region in chromosome Ssa13 was significantly associated with resistance and explained 3% of the genetic variance. RNA sequencing of the heart of 16 infected (7 and 14 days post infection) and 8 control fish highlighted 4927 and 2437 differentially expressed genes at 7 and 14 days post infection respectively. The complement and coagulation pathway was down-regulated in infected fish, while several metabolic pathways were up-regulated. The interferon pathway showed little evidence of up-regulation at 7 days post infection but was mildly activated at 14 days, suggesting a potential crosstalk between host and virus. Comparison of the transcriptomic response of fish with high and low breeding values for resistance highlighted TRIM25 as being up-regulated in resistant fish.ConclusionsISAV resistance shows moderate heritability with a polygenic architecture, but a significant QTL was detected on chromosome 13. A mild up-regulation of the interferon pathway characterises the response to the virus in heart samples from this population of Atlantic salmon, and candidate genes showing differential expression between samples with high and low breeding values for resistance were identified.
Genetic control of iron bioavailability is independent from iron concentration in a diverse winter wheat mapping population
Authors: Wright Tally I.C. , Gardner Keith A. , Glahn Raymond P. , Milner Matthew J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAnemia is thought to affect up to 1.6 billion people worldwide. One of the major contributors to low iron (Fe) absorption is a higher proportion of cereals compared to meats and pulse crops in people’s diets. This has now become a problem in both the developed and developing world, as a result of both modern food choice and food availability. Bread wheat accounts for 20 % of the calories consumed by humans and is an important source of protein, vitamins and minerals meaning it could be a major vehicle for bringing more bioavailable Fe into the diet.ResultsTo investigate whether breeding for higher concentrations of Fe in wheat grains could help increase Fe absorption, a multiparent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) population, encompassing more than 80 % of UK wheat polymorphism, was grown over two seasons in the UK. The population was phenotyped for both Fe concentration and Fe bioavailability using an established Caco-2 cell bioassay. It was found that increasing Fe concentrations in the grains was not correlated with higher Fe bioavailability and that the underlying genetic regions controlling grain Fe concentrations do not co-localise with increased Fe absorption. Furthermore, we show that phytate concentrations do not correlate with Fe bioavailability in our wheat population and thus phytate-binding is insufficient to explain the lack of correlation between Fe bioavailability and Fe concentrations in the wheat grain. Finally, we observed no (Fe bioavailability) or low (Fe concentration) correlation between years for these traits, confirming that both are under strong environmental influence.ConclusionsThis suggests that breeders will have to select not only for Fe concentrations directly in grains, but also increased bioavailability. However the use of numerous controls and replicated trials limits the practicality of adoption of screening by Caco-2 cells by many breeders.
Optimal margins for early stage peripheral lung adenocarcinoma resection
Authors: Yin Pan , Yue Bingqing , Zhang Ji , Liu Dong , Bai Dongyu , Zhao Guang , Huang Chutong , Geng Guojun , Jiang Jie , Su Yongxiang , Yu Xiuyi , Chen Jingyu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
A pathologically confirmed negative margin is required when performing sublobar resection in patients with early stage peripheral lung adenocarcinoma. However, the optimal margin distance to ensure complete tumor resection while preserving healthy lung tissue remains unknown. We aimed to establish a reliable distance range for negative margins.

Methods
A total of 52 intraoperative para-cancer tissue specimens from patients with peripheral lung adenocarcinoma with pathological tumors ≤2 cm in size were examined. Depending on the distance from the tumor edge (D), the para-cancer tissues were divided into the following five groups: D < 0.5 cm (group I); 0.5 cm ≤ D < 1.0 cm (group II); 1.0 cm ≤ D < 1.5 cm (group III); 1.5 cm ≤ D < 2.0 cm (group IV); and D ≥ 2.0 cm (group V). During pathological examination of the specimens under a microscope, the presence of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia or more severe lesions was considered unsafe, whereas the presence of normal lung tissue or benign hyperplasia was considered safe.

Results
Group V, in which the margin was the farthest from the tumor edge, was the safest. There were significant safety differences in between groups I and V (χ2 = 26.217, P < 0.001). Significant safety differences also existed between groups II and V (χ2 = 9.420, P < 0.005). There were no significant safety differences between group III or IV and group V (P = 0.207; P = 0.610).

Conclusions
We suggest that when performing sublobar resection in patients with early stage peripheral lung adenocarcinoma with pathological tumor sizes ≤2 cm, the resection margin distance should be ≥1 cm to ensure a negative margin.
Postoperative urinary retention after pelvic organ prolapse surgery: influence of peri-operative factors and trial of void protocol
Authors:   for the Calgary Women’s Pelvic Health Research Group, Anglim B. C. , Ramage K. , Sandwith E. , Brennand E. A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Transient postoperative urinary retention (POUR) is common after pelvic floor surgery. We aimed to determine the association between peri-operative variables and POUR and to determine the number of voids required for post-void residuals (PVRs) to normalize postoperatively.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 992 patients undergoing pelvic floor surgery at a tertiary referral centre from January 2015 to October 2017. Variables assessed included: age, BMI, ASA score, anaesthesia type, type of surgery, length of postoperative stay, surgeon, bladder protocol used, and number of PVRs required to “pass” the protocol.

Results
Significant risk factors for POUR included: placement of MUS during POP surgery, anterior repair and hysterectomy with concomitant sacrospinous vault suspension. A total of 25.1% were discharged requiring catheterization. Patients receiving a concomitant mid-urethral sling (MUS) were 2.2 (95% CI1.6–2.9) and 2.3 (95% CI 1.8–3.1) times more likely to have elevated PVR after their second TOV and third TOV (p < 0.0001), respectively, compared with those without concomitant MUS. Permitting a third TOV allowed an additional 10% of women to pass the voiding protocol before discharge. The median number of voids to pass protocol was 2. An ASA > 2 and placement of MUS were associated with increasing number of voids needed to pass protocol.

Conclusions
While many women passed protocol by the second void, using the 3rd void as a cut point to determine success would result in fewer women requiring catheterization after discharge. Prior to pelvic floor surgery, women should be counselled regarding POUR probability to allow for management of postoperative expectations.
Lethal infection caused by Tetratrichomonas gallinarum in black swans (Cygnus atratus)
Authors: Feng Shengyong , Chang Han , Wang Yutian , Luo Fubing , Wu Qiaoxing , Han Shuyi , He Hongxuan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Tetratrichomonas gallinarum is parasitic protozoa with a wide host range. However, its lethal infection is rare reported.

Case presentation
Here, we described the first lethal cases of T. gallinarum infection in black swans in China. Five black swans died within a week in succession without obvious symptoms except mild diarrhea. At necropsy, severe lesions were observed in caeca with thickened caecal walls and hemorrhages in the mucosa. A large number of moving trophozoites were found in the contents of the cecum by microscopic examination. The livers were enlarged with multiple bleeding spots on the surface. Histopathology of the livers showed mononuclear cell infiltration and moderate hyperplasia of fibrous tissue. The histopathology of the cecum showed that the villi of the cecum were edematous. Finally, the presence of T. gallinarum was determined by specific PCR andin-situ hybridization assay. Additionally, common pathogens that can cause similar symptoms were excluded.

Conclusions
The death of the black swan was caused by T. gallinarum, suggesting that the parasite might be a new threat to the Cygnus birds.