bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disentangling effects of climate and land use on biodiversity and ecosystem services—A multi‐scale experimental design
Authors: Redlich Sarah , Zhang Jie , Benjamin Caryl , Dhillon Maninder Singh , Englmeier Jana , Ewald Jörg , Fricke Ute , Ganuza Cristina , Haensel Maria , Hovestadt Thomas , Kollmann Johannes , Koellner Thomas , Kübert‐Flock Carina , Kunstmann Harald , Menzel Annette , Moning Christoph , Peters Wibke , Riebl Rebekka , Rummler Thomas , Rojas‐Botero Sandra , Tobisch Cynthia , Uhler Johannes , Uphus Lars , Müller Jörg , Steffan‐Dewenter Ingolf 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Climate and land‐use change are key drivers of environmental degradation in the Anthropocene, but too little is known about their interactive effects on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Long‐term data on biodiversity trends are currently lacking. Furthermore, previous ecological studies have rarely considered climate and land use in a joint design, did not achieve variable independence or lost statistical power by not covering the full range of environmental gradients.

Here, we introduce a multi‐scale space‐for‐time study design to disentangle effects of climate and land use on biodiversity and ecosystem services. The site selection approach coupled extensive GIS‐based exploration (i.e. using a Geographic information system) and correlation heatmaps with a crossed and nested design covering regional, landscape and local scales. Its implementation in Bavaria (Germany) resulted in a set of study plots that maximise the potential range and independence of environmental variables at different spatial scales.

Stratifying the state of Bavaria into five climate zones (reference period 1981–2010) and three prevailing land‐use types, that is, near‐natural, agriculture and urban, resulted in 60 study regions (5.8 × 5.8 km quadrants) covering a mean annual temperature gradient of 5.6–9.8°C and a spatial extent of ~310 × 310 km. Within these regions, we nested 180 study plots located in contrasting local land‐use types, that is, forests, grasslands, arable land or settlement (local climate gradient 4.5–10°C). This approach achieved low correlations between climate and land use (proportional cover) at the regional and landscape scale with |r ≤ 0.33| and |r ≤ 0.29| respectively. Furthermore, using correlation heatmaps for local plot selection reduced potentially confounding relationships between landscape composition and configuration for plots located in forests, arable land and settlements.

The suggested design expands upon previous research in covering a significant range of environmental gradients and including a diversity of dominant land‐use types at different scales within different climatic contexts. It allows independent assessment of the relative contribution of multi‐scale climate and land use on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Understanding potential interdependencies among global change drivers is essential to develop effective restoration and mitigation strategies against biodiversity decline, especially in expectation of future climatic changes. Importantly, this study also provides a baseline for long‐term ecological monitoring programs.
Knowledge and attitudes toward vaccination among nurses and midwives in Cyprus: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Fakonti Georgia , Kyprianidou Maria , Toumbis Giannos , Giannakou Konstantinos 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeTo assess the level of knowledge and attitudes of nurses and midwives in Cyprus toward vaccinations and provide new insights into the determinants that influence them.MethodsAn online cross‐sectional study was carried out during the period between December 08 and 28 2020. Participants included registered nurses and midwives working in public or private service provision. A self‐administered questionnaire was used with questions about sociodemographic characteristics, questions assessing attitudes and beliefs toward vaccination, and participants’ general vaccine knowledge.FindingsA total of 437 responders answered the survey, with 93% being nurses and 7% midwives. Around two‐thirds (67.3%) of the participants had a high vaccination knowledge, while the remaining have moderate (30.7%), and low (2.1%), respectively. Most of the participants agreed that by vaccinating they protect themselves and those around them (80.5%) and that when most people are not vaccinated, epidemics can easily initiate (74%). Oppositely, many participants disagreed with vaccination and avoided it due to a fear of injections (95.4%) or the belief that it is better to get sick rather than be vaccinated (69.1%). Neutral attitudes toward vaccine‐mediated side effects (43.1%) and vaccination safety (41.7%) were observed. Sociodemographic factors such as age, educational status, and work setting significantly affected the nurses’ and midwives’ knowledge and attitudes toward vaccination (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe findings indicate that the overall vaccination knowledge of participants was high, however, gaps in vaccination knowledge were observed. Individuals who adopted a neutral stance toward vaccination can be prone to changes either toward positive or negative attitudes.Implications for nursing practiceThe survey findings suggest implementing educational strategies and targeted interventions in clinical settings to enhance nurses’ and midwives’ vaccination knowledge and awareness.
Landscape connectivity and population density of snow leopards across a multi‐use landscape in Western Himalaya
Authors: Pal R. , Sutherland C. , Qureshi Q. , Sathyakumar S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHuman modification and habitat fragmentation significantly impact large carnivores requiring large, connected habitats to persist in a landscape. Understanding species responses to such change and the protection of critical areas and connectivity they provide is essential when planning effective conservation strategies. Our study examines the spatial distribution of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) across a gradient of protection status, anthropogenic pressures and habitat types in the Gangotri landscape (~4600 km2), Western Himalaya. Using spatial capture‐recapture modeling, we analyzed a 4‐year camera trapping dataset (2015–2019) to assess the relationship between snow leopard movement and topography and identified the conducible areas for facilitating movement across the landscape. Snow leopard density was positively associated with elevation and slope, and was higher in protected areas (summer: 1.42 SE 0.02/100km2; winter 2.15 SE 0.03 vs. summer: 0.4 SE 0.01; winter: 0.6 SE 0.01 for unprotected areas). Precipitous terrain and several prominent mountain peaks were found to be resistant to snow leopard movement. Even with a range of human activities inside protected areas, the higher density suggests a positive impact of protection. Density‐weighted connectivity showed that conducible areas are available between the Gangotri landscape and the adjacent protected areas. However, compared to protected area, these areas are relatively less used and require attention for management. We recommend regulating human activities and co‐managing pastures with local communities to revive prey base outside protected areas, especially in corridors, to ensure such areas are functionally conducive. Our study provides a framework to collectively quantitate the spatial pattern of abundance, distribution and connectivity. Our approach has broad applicability for policymakers to develop strategic plans for balancing the conservation of species, and other land uses in a multiuse landscape.
Recommended testing algorithms for NTRK gene fusions in pediatric and selected adult cancers: Consensus of a Singapore Task Force
Authors: Lim Kiat Hon Tony , Kong Hwai Loong , Chang Kenneth Tou En , Tan Daniel Shao Weng , Tan Iain Bee Huat , Mohamad Farid , Soh Shui Yen , Pang Brendan Nghee‐Kheem , Soo Ross Andrew , Choo Su Pin , Hsieh Wen‐Son , Aung LeLe 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe occurrence of neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) gene fusions in a wide range of tumor types presents an attractive opportunity for using a tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) inhibitor as cancer therapy. Recent clinical studies have demonstrated highly efficacious outcomes associated with the use of TRK inhibitors, such as larotrectinib and entrectinib in NTRK fusion‐bearing cancers, in both adult and pediatric populations. While NTRK gene fusions are commonly found in some uncommon adult and pediatric malignancies, they are also found, albeit rarely, in a wide range of more common malignancies. The potential value of testing for NTRK gene fusions in practically all advanced malignancies is underpinned by the remarkable therapeutic outcomes that TRK inhibitors offer. This requirement presents practical and financial challenges in real‐world oncological practice. Furthermore, different testing platforms exist to detect NTRK gene fusions, each with its advantages and disadvantages. It is, therefore, imperative to develop strategies for NTRK gene fusion testing in an attempt to optimize the use of limited tissue specimen and financial resources, and to minimize the turnaround time. A multidisciplinary task force of Singapore medical experts in both public and private sectors was convened in late 2020 to propose testing algorithms for adult colorectal tumors, sarcomas, non‐small cell lung cancer, and pediatric cancers, with particular adaptation to the Singapore oncological practice. The recommendations presented here highlight the heterogeneity of NTRK‐fusion positive cancers, and emphasize the need to customize the testing methods to each tumor type to optimize the workflow.
Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of arteriovenous dialysis access flow using ultrasound
Authors: Yii Erwin , Yii Ming Kon , Thwaites Stephen , Zhu John , Chong Timothy , Tong Lauren , Nair Sachin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundsDespite numerous studies investigating the use of ultrasound (US) in assessing arteriovenous fistulas (AVF), there are no universally agreed threshold flow velocities in diagnosing significantly abnormal flow that are useful in predicting thrombotic flow‐related dysfunction. This study evaluates a predictive model using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses to establish threshold velocities.MethodsFive hundred and eleven US scans were analysed. ROC curves were used to determine the optimal threshold time average mean velocity (TAMV), peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end diastolic velocity (EDV) of the brachial artery supplying the AVF in determining the need for intervention or thrombosis within 3 months of the scans. Estimated flow volume (FV) ROC was used as an evaluative comparison.ResultsThere were 356 negative and 155 positive scan results in relation to the need for intervention or thrombosis. Empirical flow velocity parameters of TAMV, EDV and PSV were analysed using ROC curves, yielding an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.95, 0.92 and 0.86, respectively. FV ROC analysis yields a comparative AUC of 0.90. A TAMV cut‐off at 48.6 cm/s yielded the highest AUC. Subgroup analysis yielded an optimal TAMV cut‐off of 45 cm/s for forearm and 49 cm/s for arm AVF. The EDV was also highly predictive of outcomes. PSV has the lowest accuracy.ConclusionThe TAMV of inflow brachial artery to AVF is highly predictive of outcomes of thrombotic flow‐related dysfunction. Our study confirms TAMV cut‐offs of 45 cm/s for forearm and 49 cm/s for arm AVF. These results require prospective validation.
Why do or don't older employees seek knowledge from younger colleagues? A relation–opportunity model to explain how age‐inclusive human resources practices foster older employees' knowledge seeking from younger colleagues
Authors: Fasbender Ulrike , Gerpott Fabiola H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractKnowledge‐related interactions between older and younger employees are crucial for business success. Although research has contributed much to understanding why older employees share knowledge with younger colleagues, little is known about older employees' motivation to seek knowledge. In this study, we answer the question of how age‐inclusive human resources (HR) practices can foster older employees' knowledge seeking from younger colleagues. Drawing on social learning theory that conceptualises learning‐oriented behaviour (i.e. knowledge seeking) as being inextricably linked to social context and person‐related factors, we develop a dual pathway relation–opportunity model outlining how age‐inclusive HR practices foster older employees' development striving, which, in turn, promotes knowledge seeking from younger colleagues. On the one hand, we propose a relation‐based pathway that identifies contact quality with younger colleagues as a socio‐emotional mechanism linking age‐inclusive HR practices with knowledge seeking via development striving. On the other hand, we suggest an opportunity‐based pathway that identifies older employees' future time perspective as a person‐related mechanism. We find support for our hypotheses in a sample of 502 older employees who participated in a three‐wave survey. We discuss theoretical implications and encourage scholars to further shift the conversation towards an inclusive perspective that overcomes stereotypical views of older employees.
Recognizing racism in George Floyd's death
Authors: Toosi Negin R. , Layous Kristin , Reevy Gretchen M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe first formal statements made by members of the US Congress relating to the murder of George Floyd and subsequent protests were coded on whether racism was identified as a cause. We also coded the number of victims of police or racial violence mentioned, and word usage relating to historical and systemic discrimination. We tested the predictive effect of congressperson's race, gender, US geographic region, political party, percentage of the congressperson's jurisdiction that was African American, and state support for the Black Lives Matter movement. Democratic politicians were more likely than Republicans to identify racism as a causal factor, to name more victims of police or racial violence, and to mention systemic discrimination in their statements. Region and constituent demographics also predicted mentions of systemic discrimination, but the model did not predict mentions of historical discrimination. Findings are interpreted in light of the Marley Hypothesis, motivation to identify racism, and consequences of political discourse.
The relationship between rumination and NSSI: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Coleman Sophie E. , Dunlop Brendan J. , Hartley Samantha , Taylor Peter J. 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundRumination is a cognitive process that has been implicated in the onset and maintenance of a variety of psychological difficulties. The purpose of this review and meta‐analysis was to examine the nature and strength of the relationship between rumination and non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI).MethodsThe protocol for this review was pre‐registered (CRD42019148186). A literature search of electronic databases PsycINFO, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Web of Science was performed from the earliest date available to March 2020. Thirty‐nine eligible papers were identified. An additional seven papers were identified from a search conducted in September 2021, resulting in a total of 46 papers. Separate meta‐analyses were undertaken for NSSI frequency and NSSI history, with studies grouped by rumination type (depressive, transdiagnostic, anger, brooding, reflection, catastrophising, overall). Moderator analyses were also conducted along with a narrative synthesis of adjusted associations and longitudinal studies.ResultsRumination had a positive small association with NSSI frequency and a positive moderate association with NSSI history. The adjusted associations yielded mixed findings and most longitudinal research found rumination to be associated with prospective NSSI.LimitationsMost included studies had a moderate risk of bias and used a student sample. A limitation of this review was that only English language papers were included.ConclusionsFindings indicate that rumination is associated with NSSI, but more so the likelihood of engaging in NSSI overall than the frequency. Rumination‐focused techniques for NSSI may therefore be of benefit. Further research is needed to understand this association, particularly with longitudinal studies that focus on state rumination rather than stable trait rumination.Practitioner pointsRumination was found to have a small to moderate association with NSSI.Some individuals who engage in NSSI may benefit from psychological techniques that target rumination.Most of the studies included had a moderate risk of bias.
Emergency department visits for radiation cystitis among patients with a prostate cancer history
Authors: Lee Victor , An Yi , Park Henry S. , Yu James B. , Kim Simon P. , Jairam Vikram 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesTo elucidate the national burden of emergency department (ED) visits for radiation cystitis (RC), a known complication of radiation therapy (RT) to the pelvic area, among patients with a prostate cancer history, and identify those who are at increased risk of requiring invasive measures.Patients and methodsThis study queried the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample for all ED visits from January 2006 to December 2015 with a primary diagnosis of RC and secondary diagnosis of prostate cancer. ED visits were characterised by demographic factors, socioeconomic factors, and hospital characteristics. Weighted frequencies were used to create national estimates for all data analysis.ResultsA weighted total of 17 382 ED visits occurred for RC among patients with a prostate cancer history, of which 9655 (55.5%) were treated with an invasive procedure. Notable factors associated with undergoing an invasive procedure included having a prior prostatectomy (odds ratio [OR] 5.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.62–11.46), urinary retention (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.12–1.64), haematuria (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.01–1.42), and undergoing a blood transfusion (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.72–2.62). ED visits that were associated with invasive procedures had a higher median total charge ($34 707.53 vs $15 632.53) and an increased median length of stay (5 vs 3 days) compared to visits without an invasive procedure.ConclusionsAmong ED visits for RC in prostate cancer, approximately one half required an invasive procedure for treatment. While RT remains an effective modality for patients with prostate cancer, providers should be mindful of RC as a potential complication.
Impact of α‐synuclein spreading on the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway depends on the onset of the pathology
Authors: Sun Fanfan , Salinas Armando G. , Filser Severin , Blumenstock Sonja , Medina‐Luque Jose , Herms Jochen , Sgobio Carmelo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMisfolded α‐synuclein spreads along anatomically connected areas through the brain, prompting progressive neurodegeneration of the nigrostriatal pathway in Parkinson's disease. To investigate the impact of early stage seeding and spreading of misfolded α‐synuclein along with the nigrostriatal pathway, we studied the pathophysiologic effect induced by a single acute α‐synuclein preformed fibrils (PFFs) inoculation into the midbrain. Further, to model the progressive vulnerability that characterizes the dopamine (DA) neuron life span, we used two cohorts of mice with different ages: 2‐month‐old (young) and 5‐month‐old (adult) mice. Two months after α‐synuclein PFFs injection, we found that striatal DA release decreased exclusively in adult mice. Adult DA neurons showed an increased level of pathology spreading along with the nigrostriatal pathway accompanied with a lower volume of α‐synuclein deposition in the midbrain, impaired neurotransmission, rigid DA terminal composition, and less microglial reactivity compared with young neurons. Notably, preserved DA release and increased microglial coverage in the PFFs‐seeded hemisphere coexist with decreased large‐sized terminal density in young DA neurons. This suggests the presence of a targeted pruning mechanism that limits the detrimental effect of α‐synuclein early spreading. This study suggests that the impact of the pathophysiology caused by misfolded α‐synuclein spreading along the nigrostriatal pathway depends on the age of the DA network, reducing striatal DA release specifically in adult mice.
Glycosylation of MUC6 by α1,4‐linked N‐acetylglucosamine enhances suppression of pancreatic cancer malignancy
Authors: Yuki Atsuko , Fujii Chifumi , Yamanoi Kazuhiro , Matoba Hisanori , Harumiya Satoru , Kawakubo Masatomo , Nakayama Jun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBiomarkers for early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer are greatly needed, as the high fatality of this cancer is in part due to delayed detection. α1,4‐linked N‐acetylglucosamine (αGlcNAc), a unique O‐glycan specific to gastric gland mucus, is biosynthesized by α1,4‐N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase (α4GnT) and primarily bound at the terminal glycosylated residue to scaffold protein MUC6. We previously reported that αGlcNAc expression decreases at early stages of neoplastic pancreatic lesions, followed by decreased MUC6 expression, although functional effects of these outcomes were unknown. Here, we ectopically expressed α4GnT, the αGlcNAc biosynthetic enzyme, together with MUC6 in the human pancreatic cancer cell lines MIA PaCa‐2 and PANC‐1, neither of which expresses α4GnT and MUC6. We observed significantly suppressed proliferation in both lines following coexpression of α4GnT and MUC6. Moreover, cellular motility decreased following MUC6 ectopic expression, an effect enhanced by cotransduction with α4GnT. MUC6 expression also attenuated invasiveness of both lines relative to controls, and this effect was also enhanced by additional α4GnT expression. We found αGlcNAc‐bound MUC6 formed a complex with trefoil factor 2. Furthermore, analysis of survival curves of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using a gene expression database showed that samples marked by higher A4GNT or MUC6 mRNA levels were associated with relatively favorable prognosis. These results strongly suggest that αGlcNAc and MUC6 function as tumor suppressors in pancreatic cancer and that decreased expression of both may serve as a biomarker of tumor progression to pancreatic cancer.