bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review on Worker Voice in the Platform Economy: The Constitution of a Grassroots Voice Mechanism
Authors: Dasgupta Prakriti , McDonnell Anthony , Carbery Ronan , Jooss Stefan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis systematic review investigates why and how platform workers express voice in a context where institutional and organisational voice mechanisms and representation structures are lacking or absent. Platform workers have been restricted in their ability to formally unionise or collectively bargain, and the presence of a digital intermediary in the form of a platform organisation limits the scope of worker voice. In this paper, we identify and synthesise the motives for voice use by platform workers—namely mutual aid, organising, visibility, and confrontation, and unpack how these are realised through bottom‐up and independent voice channels that may potentially influence multiple stakeholders. The paper's core contribution lies in highlighting how the blurred employment boundaries of platform work structurally render labour power even more indeterminate, informing our conceptualisation of a ‘grassroots voice mechanism’, wherein the social relations of platform work and digital technologies convey worker voice beyond traditional organisational boundaries. We conclude with an agenda to guide future research centred heavily around the dynamics of platform work, the use of novel voice channels, and worker attitudes towards them.
Early Experience of Uniportal Robotic‐Assisted Anatomic Resection in Lung Cancer Patients: Is it Safe and Feasible for Direct Transition From Uniportal Video Thoracoscopic–Assisted Surgery to Uniportal Robotic‐Assisted Surgery?
Authors: Kuo Yung‐Chia , Wu Ching‐Yang , Hsieh Ming‐ Ju , Gonzalez‐Rivas Diego , Yang Tzu ‐Yi , Wu Ching‐Feng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundLung cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with surgery being a primary treatment option for early‐stage cases. Minimally invasive surgery has gained attention due to its potential benefits. Uniportal robotic‐assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) is emerging as a viable option for treating lung cancer patients.MethodsIn this retrospective study, conducted from August 2023 to December 2023, we assessed the feasibility of Uniportal robotic‐assisted thoracic surgery (URATS) in 15 patients with 16 lung cancers. The perioperative and 30‐day short‐term outcome results were collected.ResultsPerioperative outcomes, including length of hospital stay and postoperative complications, were evaluated. No perioperative or 30‐day mortality was observed, and there were no cases requiring conversion to multiport RATS or thoracotomy.ConclusionOur findings suggest that URATS can be successfully performed in lung cancer patients, provided the surgical team possesses excellent communication skills and extensive training in Uniport video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery and comprehensive RATS techniques.
Serum Ethanol Concentrations in Relation to Sex and Age in Patients Admitted to a Large Emergency Department During 2015–2020
Authors: Bratberg Aase , Nygaard Ilah , Løhne Kari , Gustavsen Ingebjørg , Opdal Mimi Stokke 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe examined the number of patients tested for serum ethanol concentration (SEC) at admission to a large Emergency Department (ED) and the relationship of SEC with sex and age. SEC was analysed by enzymatic method. We retrieved SEC in patient samples from the ED during 2015–2020 from the laboratory information system. Altogether, 174 378 patients were admitted, and 7.3% were tested for SEC. Of these, 35.3% had a positive test. The percentage of patients tested increased from 4.8% in 2015 to 14.4% in 2020. A total of 416 patients had more than one positive SEC. For individual data, we included the first positive test per patient, n = 3607. Of these, 73% were men and 27% were women. The median SEC for both men and women was 1.9 g/L. About 4.4% had a SEC ≥ 3.5 g/L. The median SEC in patients aged 30–59 years was 0.2 g/L higher than the 12–29 and ≥ 60 age groups. In conclusion, the increase in the percentage of patients tested did not lead to a corresponding increase in ethanol‐positive tests. There was a large predominance of men, the median SEC was the same for men and women and highest in the 30–59 age group.
Preclinical Evidence for a Drug–Drug Interaction Between Cannabinol and Melatonin
Authors: Anderson Lyndsey L. , Hawkins Nicole A. , Yip Ka Lai , Udoh Michael , Kearney Jennifer A. , Arnold Jonathon C. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe worldwide legalization of medicinal cannabis has led to an increased use of products made by commercial operators. These products often contain minor cannabinoids such as cannabinol (CBN) which are advertised to improve sleep. Products are also available in which CBN is combined with conventional therapies, with a common product containing both CBN and the widely used sleep‐aid melatonin. The combination of CBN and melatonin provides potential for a pharmacokinetic drug–drug interaction (DDI) given that cannabinoids are known to inhibit drug‐metabolizing enzymes. Indeed, we recently reported that CBN potently inhibited the CYP1A2‐mediated metabolism of caffeine. CYP1A2 is the major hepatic enzyme involved in the metabolism of melatonin; thus, in this study, we aimed to examine whether CBN inhibited CYP1A2‐mediated metabolism of melatonin in vitro and in vivo. We found CBN potently inhibited CYP1A2‐mediated metabolism of melatonin and increased the apparent oral bioavailability of melatonin in mice with a four‐fold increase in the plasma melatonin exposure. Our results provide an additional example of a potential DDI involving melatonin.
‘We Are Students: Experiences From Our Student Lives at a University in Norway’
Authors: Brynildsen Tone , Jacobsen Ingrid Eid , Chalachanová Anna , Lid Inger Marie 
Published: December 2024

Summary

Adults with intellectual disabilities in Norway lack opportunities for higher education.
A pilot project at one university college seeks to develop higher education courses accommodating students with intellectual disabilities.
Two of the students, Tone and Ingrid, wrote accounts of their educational journeys.
They wrote about their experiences in kindergarten, primary school, secondary school, and their experiences as students at a university college.
This retrospective of their educational journeys is essential for a better understanding of persons with intellectual disabilities as learners.
Two researchers, who are also project leaders and teachers at the pilot project supported Tone and Ingrid in their writing. They asked questions, translated the stories to English and helped with the structure of the stories.
In the end, we summed up the students’ learning experiences.
Pheochromocytoma in von Hippel‐Lindau Disease: Clinical Features and Comparison With Sporadic Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Li Tianyi , Cui Yunying , Zhou Yue , Zhou Ting , Chen Shi , Lu Lin , Zhang Yushi , Tong Anli 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesPheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are manifestations of von Hippel‐Lindau (VHL) disease. This study aims to describe the clinical features of PPGLs in VHL patients and the distinctions between VHL disease‐related PPGLs and sporadic PPGLs.Design, Patients and MeasurementsThe study included all patients with VHL disease and PPGLs treated in a single centre from 2007 to 2023. A total of 145 patients were included in the sporadic PPGLs group. Their clinical data were retrospectively reviewed. Genetic testing for VHL mutation was conducted using Sanger sequencing. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.ResultsFifty‐nine (65.6%) of the 90 VHL disease patients had PPGLs (male: female, 38:21; age at diagnosis, 25.0 ± 13.3 years). 42 (71.2%) patients had lesions only in the adrenal gland, and 16 (27.1%) patients had lesions both in and out of the adrenal gland. 45 (76.3%) patients had multiple lesions. Eighteen (45.0%) patients developed recurrence after surgery. Fifty‐eight patients with PPGLs underwent genetic testing and had pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations in the VHL gene. Fifty‐three (91.4%) patients had missense mutations, 34 of which were located in the Elongin‐C binding domain. The hotspot mutation sites were codon 161 and codon 167. Five novel mutations were identified. The clinical characteristics showed no significant differences between groups with different mutation sites. Compared to sporadic PPGLs, VHL disease‐related PPGLs were more frequently located in the adrenal gland (71.2% vs. 49.0%, p < 0.001), had a higher prevalence of multiple lesions (76.3% vs. 11.0%, p < 0.001), and secreted noradrenaline (80.4% vs. 43.2%, p < 0.001). They were also more likely to relapse after surgery (45.0% vs. 15.3%, p < 0.001).ConclusionVHL disease‐related PPGLs were often multifocal and noradrenergic, and more likely to relapse compared with sporadic PPGLs. No relationships were identified between the mutation sites and the clinical characteristics of PPGLs.
Adolescents From Wealthier Families are More Prosocial? A Caregiver–Child Paired Survey
Authors: Xie Zhongju , Liu Chuanjun 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWhether higher family socio‐economic status (SES) drives adolescents to engage in more prosocial behaviours is a topic of debate. Previous research has typically concentrated on the association between self‐reported subjective SES and their prosocial behaviours. Drawing from the Ecological Systems Theory, this study incorporates two proximal factors—parental educational expectations (PEE) and adolescent's self‐esteem—into a chained mediation model to explore the mechanisms of the distal factor, family SES, links to adolescents' prosocial behaviour. An analysis of 600 caregiver–child pairs (with children ranging from Grades 3 to 12, comprising 64.3% boys) supports the negative link between family SES and prosocial behaviour and unexpectedly indicates the suppressing mediating effect of PEE and self‐esteem. Results suggest that prosocial motivation is not solely linked with material resources; it also intertwines with family educational perspectives and the development of individual self‐worth. These findings provide implications in cultivating prosocial behaviours among adolescents from different SES.
Young People's Experiences of Citizenship in Relation to Place: A Case Study of Three Rural Communities in Germany
Authors: Suppers Janina , Vajen Bastian 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTYoung people's experiences of citizenship play a significant part in shaping their citizenship norms and practices. While young people's experiences as citizens have been explored in the literature, the places they inhabit, which shape their experiences, are often not considered. Using qualitative case study evidence in the form of 13 focus groups (n = 35) and 21 interviews with secondary school students aged 13–17 from three rural communities in Germany, this research contributes to our understanding of how place is related to young people's experiences of citizenship. Findings suggest that place acted as a reference point when participants discussed their citizenship practices. Furthermore, place determined the citizenship spaces participants encountered and acted as a lens through which current citizenship issues were interpreted.
Gray Matter Asymmetry Alterations in Patients With Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3: A Voxel‐Based Morphometric Comparison Study
Authors: Shi Linfeng , Ou Lan , Ou Peiling , Deng Lihua , Huang Yonghua , Wang Xingang , Gui Li , Wang Bijia , Dai Limeng , Ma Guolin , Wang Jian , Liu Chen 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimsThe aim of this study was to investigate the whole‐brain asymmetry changes in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) and their association with movement disorders.MethodsVoxel‐based morphometry (VBM) was used to assess asymmetry in gray matter (GM) volume in 83 genetically confirmed SCA3 patients and 83 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy controls (HCs). The asymmetry index (AI) was analyzed for partial correlation with disease severity, as measured by the Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) and International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS). Age, sex, and total intracranial volume (TIV) were included as covariates in the analysis.ResultsAsymmetry in GM analysis with SCA3 patients showed decreased leftward asymmetry in cerebellar lobules VIII and IX, the visual cortex, and the putamen, as well as decreased rightward asymmetry in the ventral lateral thalamus, as analyzed by VBM. The AI in the cerebellum, the visual cortex, and the putamen was positively correlated with SARA and ICARS scores, whereas the AI in the thalamus was negatively correlated with these scales.ConclusionSCA3 patients exhibit distinct patterns of asymmetrical changes in GM volume, which correlates with motor dysfunction. These changes in asymmetry may serve as potential biomarkers for early intervention in SCA3.Trial RegistrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR): 1800019901, 2000039434
Structural and Functional Projections of the Nucleus Basalis of Meynert and Their Changes After Cognitive Training in Individuals With Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Lu Qingzheng , Wang Yu , Qu Bingqian , Wang Caixia , Su Xiao , Wang Siqi , Xing Yi , Qin Wen , Tang Yi , Zhang Nan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimsThe nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) is a major source of cholinergic innervation in the central nervous system. We aimed to investigate the characteristics of structural and functional alterations in the NBM and its projections in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and the effects of computerized cognitive training (CCT).MethodsForty‐five patients with MCI and 45 cognitively unimpaired controls (CUCs) were recruited. NBM volume, mean diffusivity (MD) of NBM white matter (WM) projections, and functional connectivity (FC) of projections of the NBM were measured with T1‐weighted imaging, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI). Thirty‐six MCI patients were randomly assigned to receive CCT or control training. The effects of CCT on the neuropsychological measures and MRI properties were analyzed with a linear mixed model (LMM).ResultsWe detected that compared with the CUCs, the MCI patients had a reduced volume of the NBM and a greater MD of both cholinergic pathways. Increased MD values of both pathways were related to lower scores of global cognition, processing speed and attention in all participants. After CCT intervention, significant group × timepoint effects on score of the Backward Digit Span and the FC between NBM and right putamen were observed in the CCT group compared to the control group.ConclusionNBM atrophy and WM pathway disruption occurred in MCI patients and were correlated with cognitive impairment. Working memory and the FC between NBM and right putamen could be improved by cognitive training.
Contact Allergy to Methacrylate Containing Nail Products: Lack of Impact of EU Legislation. An Audit on Behalf of the European Environmental Contact Dermatitis Research Group (EECDRG)
Authors: Wilkinson S. Mark , Aerts Olivier , Agner Tove , Bruze Magnus , Brans Richard , Foti Caterina , Giménez‐Arnau Ana Maria , Stingeni Luca , Svedman Cecilia 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere is a current fashion for the use of methacrylate‐containing nail cosmetics that can induce allergic contact dermatitis. European Union (EU) legislation was introduced in 2021 that had the aim of preventing its development.ObjectivesTo assess prevalence and exposures causing contact allergy to 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) prior to and following implementation of the legislation.MethodsA retrospective audit was conducted by 7 European centres patch testing to HEMA prior to the legislation and for 2 years afterwards.ResultsA total of 26 297 patients were tested to HEMA in the baseline series between 2016 and 2023. The prevalence of contact allergy to HEMA from all sources amongst females was 2.82% compared to 0.34% amongst males.The prevalence of nail related contact allergy rose from 0.91% in 2016 (2 centres) to: 0.99% in 2017 (3 centres); 1.24% in 2018 (5 centres); 1.23% in 2019 (6 centres); 1.36% in 2020 (7 centres); 1.30% in 2021 (7 centres); 1.52% in 2022 (7 centres) and 1.98% in 2023 (7 centres).Contact allergy to HEMA from exposure to nail cosmetics accounted for 3.4% of all occupational skin disease.ConclusionsEU legislation appears not to have had the intended impact on controlling allergic contact dermatitis from methacrylates in nail cosmetics. There is an urgent need to revisit Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) opinion to reconsider exposure to methacrylates and cross‐reactions between them. A strategy needs to be developed and implemented to better control the current outbreak.
Keynote address at the Thirteenth Assembly of the Lutheran World Federation (LWF) “One Body, One Spirit, One Hope” September 14, 2023
Authors: Halík Tomáš 
Published: December 2024

AbstractChristianity stands on the threshold of a new reformation. It will not be the first, nor the second, nor the last. The Church is, in the words of St. Augustine, ever reforming, semper reformanda. But especially in times of great change and crisis in our common world, it is the Church's prophetic task to recognize and respond to God's call in relation to these signs of the times.
Psychoneural reduction revised: The case of suicidality in bipolar disorder
Authors: Carls‐Diamante Sidney , Atanasova Nina 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper uses suicidality in bipolar disorder (BD) to illustrate that multidimensional frameworks account for complex phenomena with cognitive, psychological, socioenvironmental and physiological components better than their reductionist counterparts. We challenge level‐based reductionist models that regard a particular dimension as fundamental. To comprehensively understand complex psychiatric phenomena, multidimensional models that acknowledge the heterogeneity of aetiological factors, rather than homogenising them under a single dimension, must be utilised. Multidimensional models allow a better understanding of the individual context under which a psychiatric phenomenon arises, and the interrelationships between its different aetiological dimensions.Suicidality in BD is used as a case study because it particularly highlights the interplay between biological, psychological, sociocultural and experiential factors. The multidimensional nature of suicidality is reflected by the heterogeneous strategies by which it is managed. Although similar to suicidality in other contexts, in BD suicidality has distinctive structural characteristics that emphasise its multidimensionality. Consequently, investigating suicidality in BD yields claims generalisable to suicidality as a whole alongside novel insights on BD‐specific features. For instance, suicidality in BD has physiological causal factors, e.g., genetic predisposition and aggravation by symptomatic periods. However, its other features underscore the causal roles of cognitions. In persons with BD, suicidality can persist beyond depression and is sometimes experienced during mania, possibly due to suicidal ideation persisting beyond symptomatic periods. This indicates the need to account for cognitive or psychological causal factors.Models of suicidality in BD typically adopt a non‐level‐based, non‐reductionist approach, reflected in the diverse clinical strategies for managing suicidality in BD.
Clinical validity and reproducibility of a visual rating scale for cingulate island sign in a real‐world memory clinic: An FDG‐PET/MRI study
Authors: Zorzi Giovanni , Gazzola Gianmarco , Rossato Francesco , Bussè Cinzia , Camporese Giulia , Cecchin Diego , Cagnin Annachiara 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeBrain [18F]FDG‐PET is a supportive biomarker for cognitive impairment in Lewy bodies disease (LBD) showing reduced occipital metabolism and presence of the cingulate island sign (CIS), a relative preservation of posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) metabolism compared with precuneus and cuneus. We assess validation, clinical utility, and reproducibility of a qualitative visual CIS scale in the differential diagnosis with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a memory clinic setting.MethodsSixty‐seven patients were studied: 36 LBD, of whom 30 with dementia (DLB) and 6 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI‐LB), and 31 AD (20 typical and 11 atypical presentations). They underwent FDG‐PET/MRI scans and were followed for at least 24 months. The visual CIS rating scale was scored by a nuclear medicine physician and a neurologist independently. Qualitative CIS scores were validated with ROI‐based semiquantitative FDG analysis.ResultsMean CIS scores were 1.84 ± 1.69 for LBD and 0.9 ± 1.24 for AD (p = 0.001). With a cutoff CIS score ≥2, sensitivity was 0.56, and specificity 0.81 (accuracy 0.67). Positive CIS in patients with AD was due to atypical presentations. Negative CIS in LBD was due to (i) normal FDG‐PET in MCI‐LB or (ii) marked hypometabolism of both the PCC and cuneus. Visual CIS scores correlated with FDG‐uptake (r = 0.45; p < 0.001) and held a high inter‐specialists concordance.DiscussionThe visual CIS scale can be successfully scored by different specialists. Lower sensitivity is expected in cases of MCI‐LB or dementia due to mixed LBD/AD changes. Specificity may be influenced by the inclusion of atypical AD cases.
Effect of autoimmune comorbidities on multiple sclerosis course: An observational multicenter study
Authors: Nociti Viviana , Romozzi Marina , Prosperini Luca , Clerici Valentina Torri , Ragonese Paolo , Gallo Antonio , Maniscalco Giorgia Teresa , Di Filippo Massimiliano , Buscarinu Maria Chiara , Lorefice Lorena , Pinardi Federica , Gajofatto Alberto , Cavalla Paola , Buttari Fabio , Ferraro Diana , De Luca Giovanna , Solaro Claudio , Gasperini Claudio , Cocco Eleonora ,   RIREMS Study Group
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe study aims to examine the age and disability levels at diagnosis in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), with and without autoimmune comorbidities (AC), and the effect of AC on NEDA‐3 status and to characterize AC associated with MS, comparing also therapeutic approaches between MS patients with and without other AC.MethodsThis population‐based, multicentric study enrolled patients with relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) with AC (AC group) or without AC (reference group) from 14 MS centers. Demographical, clinical features, treatment information, MRI activity, EDSS, and no evidence of disease activity (NEDA‐3) status were assessed at T36 (enrollment time) and T0 (36 months prior).ResultsEight hundred seventy‐three RRMS patients were included; 215 (24.7%) presented with at least one AC. The AC group was characterized by higher proportion of female patients than reference group (p = 0.008). Patients with AC, compared to reference group, exhibited older age at MS onset and MS diagnosis, and higher EDSS score at diagnosis, at T0 (all p < 0.001), and T36 (p = 0.03). The proportion of patients reaching EDSS 4 was higher in reference group than AC group (p = 0.03). People in AC group were more often treated with glatiramer acetate, natalizumab, and rituximab, whereas PwMS from reference group with interferon‐beta and fingolimod at T0 and T36. The risk of losing NEDA‐3 was lower in AC group (OR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.43–0.86, p = 0.005).ConclusionsAC are common in PwMS and can be related to a delay in onset, diagnosis and higher disability at MS presentation. However, the coexistence of AC is not associated with a worse prognosis.