bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Does It Take to Complete the Cape Epic?
Authors: Reinpõld Karmen , Bossi Arthur H. , Hopker James G. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Reinpõld, K, Bossi, AH, and Hopker, JG. What does it take to complete the cape epic? J Strength Cond Res 36(12): 3513–3520, 2022—This study aimed to describe the racing and training demands of the Cape Epic. Six male mountain bike riders (age: 39 ± 7 years, height: 181 ± 3 cm, and body mass: 78.7 ± 8.1 kg) trained for 4.5 months and took part in the Cape Epic. Training and racing data (prologue, stage 1, and 2) were analyzed, and riders were tested in the laboratory on 3 distinct occasions for maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), maximal work rate (Ẇmax), and power output associated with the respiratory compensation point (RCPPO). Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. With race durations of 1.5 ± 0.2, 6.5 ± 1.2, and 6.4 ± 1.4 hours for, respectively, prologue, stage 1, and 2, normalized power was higher in prologue (3.73 ± 0.72 W·kg−1) compared with stages 1 (3.06 ± 0.59 W·kg−1, p < 0.001) and 2 (2.94 ± 0.69 W·kg−1, p < 0.001). Riders spent more time in power zones 1 and 2 (as %RCPPO) and less time in zones 4 and 5, during stage 2 compared with prologue (all zones p ≤ 0.028). Despite no changes in V̇O2max or Ẇmax, RCPPO increased from midtraining (3.89 ± 0.61 W·kg−1) to prerace testing (4.08 ± 0.64 W·kg−1, p = 0.048). No differences were found between base and build training phases for time in power zones. In conclusion, the Cape Epic requires an ability to sustain high submaximal power outputs for several hours as well as an ability to repeat high-intensity efforts throughout the race. A well-balanced program, incorporating a pyramidal intensity distribution, may be used as a starting point for the design of optimal training approaches.
A Three-dimensional, Systemic Functional Analysis of Tense Usage in Gregory of Tours’ Decem libri Historiarum
Authors: Aerts Simon 
Published: August 2021

Summary:The current paper investigates the three-dimensional meaning potential of the Late Latin narrative tenses. The grammatical categories ‘tense’ and ‘aspect’ are hypothesized to express meaning on the three metafunctional levels posited by Systemic Functional Linguistics. Combinations of their ideational and textual dimensions can be used to classify the various ‘traditional labels’ proposed in the literature on the Latin tenses. Interpersonal meaning, however, gives rise to an extra possibility to account for tense usage by referring to a number of perspectives from which the author invites his audience to experience the narrated events. An author like Gregory of Tours may avail himself of these perspectives to influence his audience in taking a stance on the events. The ultimate tense selection depends on a hierarchy of metafunctional considerations the author may have. The current paper also briefly discusses some of the morphological developments reported in the literature on the Latin tense system.
Neuritogenic Activities of Various Kappaphycus alvarezii Extracts in Hippocampal Neurons
Authors: Tirtawijaya Gabriel , Meinita Maria Dyah Nur , Haque Md. Nazmul , Moon Il So 
Published: August 2021

The carrageenophyte Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed is known to have neuritogenic activities. Post-harvest treatment of seaweed affects its biological activities. Five drying treatments of K. alvarezii, including oven-drying, sun-drying, freeze-drying, shade-drying, and salting followed by shade-drying, were evaluated for their effects on neuritogenic activities. We also evaluated the neuritogenic activity of different parts of K. alvarezii thalli and its carrageenan waste. Neuron cells of the 19th day pregnant rat fetuses were collected from the hippocampus by brain dissection. Neuron cells were isolated by dissociation of the hippocampal tissue. Cells were plated onto poly-DL-lysine-coated glass coverslips in 24-well plates and treated with extracts. All tested extracts were obtained from maceration using 95% ethanol. Freeze and shade-drying extracts exhibited significantly higher neuritogenic activities (p 0.05) compared to that of the vehicle control. Carrageenan waste also significantly promoted the neuritogenic activities (p 0.05) with an optimal dose at 1 µg mL-1. Old and young thalli showed insignificant differences in neuritogenic activities. The carrageenan waste extract retained neuritogenic activities. Thus, the utilization of carrageenan waste for neuritogenic material provides added value to the waste in the carrageenan industry. Freeze and shade dried K. alvarezii can be used as a neuritogenic agent to provide optimum biological activity.
THE CONNECTION BETWEEN DIGITAL DIVIDE AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION: IMPLICATIONS FOR SOCIAL WORK
Authors: Molala Thommy Sebatana , Makhubele Jabulani Calvin 
Published: August 2021

Purpose of the study: This paper aims to ascertain the nexus between the digital divide and social exclusion (inequalities) - directly and indirectly, as digital technology enables people to socialise, communicate, work, study, and conduct business.
Methodology: To do this, the literature review is employed as a methodology. Specifically, the narrative or semi-systematic literature review was conducted on all sources germane to the topic under investigation.
Main findings: The paper has found that the digital divide has adverse effects on the employment, education, health, social services, and socio-economic development of digitally excluded people. In addition, it has emerged that the digital divide exacerbates social exclusion.
Applications of this study: To this end, Social Workers and associated professionals are empowered with knowledge about the role of the digital divide in social exclusion, thus they are expected to play active assume advocacy roles as far as Information Communication Policies are concerned.
Novelty/Originality of this study: Digitalisation has embedded factors inducing poverty, inequity, and discrimination unintentionally; thereby this paper replenishes literature in Social Science to enable Social Scientists to utilise relevant information –in their research, intervention, and commentary.
THE IMPACT OF THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS ON THE POLAND
Authors: Korczyc Aleksandra 
Published: August 2021

Purpose of the study: This study aims to present the specifics of the global financial crisis, the threats it brings for Poland in the legal sphere, and possible actions to be taken in this area, particularly at the European Union and Poland level.
Methodology: The article uses the historical method and the analysis of documents both at the Polish and European Union levels, including laws, regulations, and decisions.
Main Findings: The scope of the financial crisis in question and its relatively easy transfer between markets entails the necessity to apply extraordinary remedial actions. Poland, through its participation in the European Union, seems to be relatively well protected against the effects of the financial crisis. However, it needs to undertake further structural reforms, in particular reforms of public finances.
Applications of this study: The current study is highly significant for the government of the day in this modern world; the study could be quite effective and meaningful for Higher Education Institutions, government, banks, financial institutions.
Novelty/Originality of this study: Description of the essence of the financial crisis, possibilities of its prevention - earlier possibilities of remedial actions at the institutional and legal level, possibilities of obtaining financial support, global analysis of the problem, including its causes.
Identification of lncRNAs Differentially Expressed during Natural and Induced Estrus in Sheep
Authors: Mei Bujun , Liu Rong 
Published: August 2021

Background: The manipulation of the estrous cycle or induction of estrus is a commonly used technique in sheep industry. The goal of this study was to identify and characterize differences of non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) expression between induced estrus and natural estrus using the BGISEQ-500 plat form in 7 Mongolian sheep, which will provide insights into the regulation mechanisms of lncRNAs in different reproduction mode of sheep. Methods: During the late spring, ovarian, pituitary, hypothalamic, pineal and uterine tissue samples were collected from four artificially induced estrus and three naturally estrus Mongolian sheep. Total RNA was extracted from the five tissues using TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen) and treated with DNase I following the manufacturer’s instructions. A total of 35 sheep samples were sequenced using the BGISEQ-500 plat form. Bioinformatics methods were used to analysis expression difference analysis between groups, SNP and InDel, alternative splicing, lncRNA’s miRNA precursor prediction, lncRNA target gene and family prediction. Result: 211 novel lncRNAs were systematically identified using RNA-Seq technology. Meanwhile, we found that there are diversifications of lncRNAs in induced estrus vs. nature estrus of ewes. Therefore, we predict that, under the action of exogenous hormones, many physiological processes of ewes may be affected to varying degrees through the change of LncRNA to a variety of pathways.
Therapeutic Response of Mifepristone with Dinoprost and Misoprostol for Management of Canine Pyometra
Authors: Kumar Pratyush , Shukla S.N. , Kumar Krishna , Thakre Tushar , Shrivastava O.P. 
Published: August 2021

Background: Canine pyometra (chronic purulent endometritis) is one of the most important uterine disorder of bitches seeks medical treatment. The hormonal therapies are not much popular among the veterinarians thus needs to exploit some hormonal protocols for this condition. Therefore, the experiment was carried out to study the therapeutic response of antiprogestin and prostaglandin in canine pyometra. Methods: The experiment was carried out in total 21 bitches affected with pyometra were selected and divided randomly into 3 groups. Animals of control group (TC) were treated with non-hormonal supportive treatment for 7 days. Animals of T1 were received non-hormonal supportive treatment for 7 days similar to TC along with mifepristone @ 3 mg/kg orally BID on day 1, 2 and 8 and Dinoprost in @ 50-200 mcg/kg S/C day 3 to 7. Animals of T2 were treated similar to TC plus mifepristone @ 3 mg/kg orally BID on day 1, 2 and 8 and Misoprostol @ 3 mcg/kg intravaginally twice daily on day 3 to 7. Result: Therapeutic responses was recorded better in T1 group (100%), followed by T2 (71.43%) and TC (42.86%). The mean TLC values after completion of treatment (day 8) were significantly decreased in T1 and T2. The neutrophil count in different groups T1, T2 and TC was reduced significantly. There was significant decrease in mean concentration of BUN and creatinine on day 8 after treatment in T1 and T2 groups. The mean ALT values decreased significantly in T1 group. However, ALP values decreased significantly in T1 and T2 groups. The mean serum progesterone declined significantly in both the hormone treated groups (T1 and T2). The study can be concluded that therapeutic response of mifepristone with dinoprost tromethamine was found most effective for the treatment of canine pyometra than mifepristone with misoprostol protocol.
Tuber Yield and Stability Assessment of Potato Genotypes in Bangladesh
Authors: Amin M.N. , Rahman M.M. , Naznin S. , Alam M.K. , Tipu M.M.H. , Prodhan M.Z.H. , Islam M.M. , Kundu B.C. 
Published: August 2021

Background: Scarcity of improved cultivars with wide adaptability and stability in tuber yield is one of the most important reasons for poor yield of potato in Bangladesh. The stable cultivars which perform well over a wide range of environments become very important for farmers and processors because they require reliable production and quality. The current study was aimed to evaluate 10 potato genotypes (eight BARI released cultivars and two advanced clones) grown in six regions to find high yielding and stable performing genotypes. Methods: Ten potato genotypes were evaluated at six locations of Bangladesh during season 2017-2018 following a randomized complete block design with three replications. The potato genotypes were sown on 15th November 2017. Fertilizer doses, irrigation, plant protection, weeding, earthing up and other agronomic practices were applied according to Tuber Crops Research Center (TCRC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) recommendation. Plant height, canopy coverage, stems per hill, tubers per hill, marketable and non-marketable tuber yield at 65 days and at 90 days, tuber weight and dry matter (%) were recorded respectively. Result: Additive Main effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI), genotype and genotype x environment interaction (GGE) bi-plot analysis revealed that environment and genotype effects were highly significant. AMMI and GGE bi-plot illustrated that environments were diverse and variation among genotypes were found. Considering yield and yield contributing characters, BARI Alu-91 (Carolus) and BARI Alu-25 (Asterix) showed higher yield without further influenced by environment. BARI Alu-89 (Fortus), Clone 12.2 and Colomba had better mean performance with more adaptability and stability.
​​The Effects of Gibberellic Acid (GA3) Applications on the Physiological Features of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under Different Salt (NaCI) Stress Conditions
Authors: Erbil E. 
Published: August 2021

Background: Salinity is one of the most imperative problems of farmers worldwide. Reports are available that the external application of GA3 can reduce harmful effects of salinity. Low concentration and small quantities of GA3, a phytohormone, is essential to hasten the growth and development of plants. The current study was aimed to test the efficiency of GA3 on the impart of salt tolerance in terms of better nutrient uptake under salt stress situation and to determine the effect of external giberellic acid applications on the physiological properties and proline level of peanuts under different salt (NaCl) stress conditions on the degree of resistance to salt stress in peanuts. Methods: Trial was established as split plot design with 3 replications and NC-7 variety was used as a material. The chlorophyll content in leaves, ion (K, Na, Mg, Ca) content, cell membrane permeability were searched in the research. To determine the physiological responses of groundnut in the conditions of Gibberellic asid (GA3), (0, 5, 15 mM) applications under the different salt (Nacl), (0, 25, 50, 100 mM) stress conditions at the Plant Growth Room in the GAP Agricultural Research Institute in Şanlıurfa, Turkey in 2019. The chlorophyll content in leaves, ion (K, Na, Mg, Ca) content, cell membrane permeability were searched in the research. Result: The increasing salt applications decreases the leaf chlorophyll content and leaf ions (K, Mg, Ca) content, in contrast, increased the cell membrane permeability, proline content and sodium concentration were determined. The gibberallic asid applied externally against salt stress were determined to have the positive effects on traits; leaf chlorophyll content, ion (K, Na, Mg, Ca) content, cell membrane permeability, proline content.
Kitabah Error Analysis Based on Theory of Rusydi Ahmad Thuaimah
Authors: Khizanatul Hikmah  , Anis Farikha  , Muhlasin Amrullah  , Bachtiar Adi Saputra  
Published: August 2021

This research is about writing error analysis based on Rusydi Ahmad Thuaimah's the- ory which aims to analyze writing errors in students of Islamic Education in 3rd semester 2018-2019 UMSIDA. Respondents in this study were students of PAI 3rd semester 2018- 2019. Data collection in this study uses documentation methods, questionnaires, and literature studies. The results of this study are factors in writing (Imlak) of 3rd semester students of islamic studies in 2018-2019 UMSIDA, Factor internal language: Not yet know the writing of harakat hijaiyah properly and correctly, difficulty in distinguishing hijaiyah let- ters with almost the same pronunciation, difficulty in distinguishing letters that are spoken with written ones. The solution to the obstacles faced by students of islamic studies in 3rd semester 2018-2019 UMSIDA in Maharah Kitabah (Imlak) is by building a mindset and easy motivation and being able to write Arabic words or sentences in accordance with the correct rules, making students familiar with imlak by maximizing the lecture time, given concepts related to the absolute rules correctly.
Kyai's Leadership Behavior in Caring for Islamic Boarding Schools
Authors: Muh. Khoirul Rifa'i  
Published: August 2021

The Kiai's behavior in carrying out his leadership prioritizes usefulness and full of affection as well as tolerance to others. The behavior of the next generation of scholars uses deliberation in solving problems. The charism of the Kiai is characteristic and is passed on to his successors. The Kiai's behavior that prioritizes the usefulness is in accordance with the behavior of human relations oriented. To become a leader, preparation is needed starting from yourself later, family and continuing to the community. In essence, a Kiai must be able to show that he has more devotion and is able to implement khoirun nas anfa'uhum linnas. Initially, the cleric was the center of the leadership of the Tebuireng and Hidayatul Mubtadi-ien Islamic boarding schools with charismatic, then the Kiai's leadership in Islamic boarding schools shifted to managerial and situational leadership where the Kiai asked for input from the boarding school officials but the Kiai remained the spiritual leaders of the santri and society.
Evaluation and Analysis of Baitul Arqam on the Morals and Performance of Lecturers and Employees of the University of Muhammadiyah Kotabumi
Authors: Junaidi Junaidi , Dinata Karsoni Berta , Darwanto Darwanto 
Published: August 2021

The aims of this study is as basis for making policies and strategies that need to be taken to improve the quality of Baitul Arqam Program going forward. Baitul Arqam program that has been carried out so far has never been seen in measurable terms. There are three research designs in this study, namely 1) descriptive-qualitative research design, 2) survey research design and 3) CIPP evaluation research design. The result of this study are based on the result of the analysis of the questionnaire and interview, it can be concluded that the lecturers and employees who have participated in Baitul Arqam activities have good morals and high performance. Based on the result of the evaluation it can be concluded that, 1) Baitul arqam material should be made into one book and distributed to participants, 2) The material should also discuss matters related to prayer, organizing bodies, and other worship in accordance with the guidance of HPT, 3) The video interesting learning so that participants are more interested and focused, 4) Every lecturer and employee who has not yet followed the Baitul Arqam must participate in the activity, 5) There is a pre-test and post-test to measure the success of the participants, 6) the mandatory requirements of participants are declared to pass if they take Fathul Quthub and Tahajud Prayers, and follow the material for each session at a minimum 75%.
Implementation Of Children's Special Needs For Religiusity In Specific Training And Development Parks Abk Probolinggo
Authors: Muhammad Devy Habibi , Dheasari Agustiarini Eka 
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine, First, the Implementation of the inculcation of religious values ​​of children with special needs consisting of worship values, moral values ​​and scientific values. Second, the implementation of the inculcation of religious values ​​in supporting social activities of children with special needs with family and community. Third, the problem of inculcating religious values ​​of children with special needs. A teacher must be able and patient in instilling the values ​​of religiosity, especially the faith. The application of the inculcation of religious values, namely faith, morals and worship in children with special needs, teachers uses several different methods that are adapted to the situation and condition of the child, mentl, mood, and physical so that the inculcation of religious values ​​can be accepted and attached to the child. . The activities of children with special needs in supporting children 's socialization activities have been carried out and are well established, children are invited by the teacher to interact both with their peers or with the community by inviting them to walk around in the complex near the school. difficulties experienced in the process of inculcating religious values ​​of children with special needs such as worship, faith, and moral values ​​are caused by communication factors.

Keywords: Implementation of Values ​​of Religiosity, Children with Special Needs
Pancasila as The Code of Conduct Paradigm (Comparative Study of National Education And Islamic Studies)
Authors: Wasehudin Wasehudin 
Published: August 2021

The undermined to Pancasila, as the final basic and the only Indonesia five fillars, always comes on behalf of a certain religious. This legitimates a certain purpose of those who are neither responsible or unappreciated to the independency of Republic of Indonesia lays form Sabang to Marouke. Pancasila as this national basis of Indonesia owns two dimensions; firstly, pancasila must develop mission and values of Godness as it is derived from first pillar. Secondly, Pancasila has its human dimension or human touch at which this dimension derived from second until fifth pillar, at which the national characters runs on and create justice and prosperious of the nation. These constitute the highest value of Pancasila in creating Indoensia human resource. It is the same as how Islamic education values at which ‘akhlak’, good characters (In English) as the basic pillar of Nabi Muhammad SAW as the God messenger that create the justice and social values. It is clear that Pancasila as code of conduct for both national education and Islamic education. Both drive through the same vision and mission to which as believed human being to God and those who have good characters as the main purposes of the both.
The Development of Learning Media of Islamic Education Based on Flipbook in Covid-19 Pandemic at Elementary School
Authors: MZ Ahmad Busthomy , Syafi'i Imam 
Published: August 2021

An Education in the 4.0 era requires teachers and students to be literate in technological developments. Conventional methods that are not relevant to technological advances must be updated. There are many teachers who have not mastered information technology in the learning process. Boredom to do learning activities that emphasize student textbooks and worksheets, ultimately have an impact on students’ enthusiasm for learning that that are less than optimal. In order to achieve the maximum learning process, one of the alternatives offered is to use learning media with the help of the Flipbook application. This study aims to determine the validity of flipbook-based learning media and to measure the practicality of flipbook-assisted learning media in overcoming boredom. This research is a research and development that uses the ADDIE model (analyzing, design, development, implementation, evaluation). Researcher Collected data by means of observations, interviews, and distributing questionnaires, then analyzed descriptively quantitatively and qualitatively. The research subjects were 30 students of grade V SDN Sumput Sidoarjo. Based on the validation test from material experts, the average value is 84% ​​which means very valid, while the media expert test is 80% with the valid category. The practicality test of the development product obtained an average score of 80% in the attractive category. The results of the study showed that the development product is in the valid and attractive category. It can be concluded that the flipbook-based PAI learning media is practical and interesting to use as learning media.
Keywords: Learning Media, PAI, Flipbook