bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of TiO2 from Lampung’s ilmenite using leaching method with variation of time duration
Authors: Marjunus R , Handayani Y N , Stevani A , Febriyanti N , Firdaus I , Manurung P 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Ilmenite is one of the natural materials that are abundant in Lampung province. This research was conducted to determine the content of TiO2 from ilmenite Lampung by the leaching method. Previously, iron sand was mixed with sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) and roasted at 700ºC for an hour. In this research, five samples were used to determine the TiO2 content of ilmenite Lampung, with variations in leaching time of 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 hours at 110ºC. The acid leaching process was carried out using 12 M HCl with a ratio of 1: 4. Then the water leaching process was carried out using 50 ml distilled water. Furthermore, all samples were characterized using XRD and XRF to determine the content in Lampung ilmenite sand. In general, XRD analysis results have succeeded in increasing the rutile phase which is influenced by the heating temperature. The highest TiO2 content of Lampung ilmenite sand was obtained in samples with a leaching time variation of 2 hours at a temperature of 110ºC i.e. 60.701%.
The effect of inquiry learning model based on laboratory and achievement motivation toward students’ physics learning outcomes
Authors: Ernita N , Muin A , Verawati N N S P , Prayogi S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study aims to explore the effect of the inquiry learning model based on laboratory and achievement motivation toward students’ physics learning outcomes. This study is experimental research with a factorial design. The research sample used 2 class groups in one high school in the city of Mataram. The first experimental group used inquiry learning model based on real laboratory and the second experimental group used inquiry learning model based on virtual laboratory. Virtual laboratory using PhET simulation. The questionnaire of achievement motivation scale was used to measure the students’ achievement motivation, and a test was used to measure students’ learning outcomes focusing on cognitive aspects. The analysis of motivation scores and learning outcomes was carried out descriptively. Furthermore, the hypothesis testing use the Anova test where the prerequisite test in the form of normality and homogeneity test is conducted. The research results show that; a) there is no significant difference between the students’ learning outcomes who learn using the inquiry learning model based real laboratory and virtual laboratory; b) there is no significant difference between the students’ learning outcomes who have the high achievement motivation and low achievement motivation; and c) there is no interaction between inquiry learning model based real laboratory and virtual laboratory with the achievement motivation (high and low) on the students’ learning outcomes.
Structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of TiO2/ZnO rods multilayer films as photoanode on dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Himmah S W , Diantoro M , Astarini N A , Tiana S K G , Nasikhudin  , Hidayat A , Taufiq A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
TiO2 nanoparticles have been widely studied as photoanode materials in DSSC due to the high surface area. Still, TiO2 nanoparticles exhibit weak light scattering which limiting red light absorption. On the other hand, one-dimensional structures such as rods demonstrate an increase in the light scattering. ZnO has undergone many structural modifications and exhibits higher mobility than TiO2. The combining characteristics of TiO2 nanoparticles and ZnO rods can improve photoanode performance. Therefore, the efficiency of DSSC can be increased. The TiO2/ZnO rods photoanodes were fabricated in the following steps. First, TiO2 nanoparticles were deposited on the conductive surface of ITO-Glass to form a double layer using the spin-coating method. Meanwhile, we prepare ZnO rods grown on the TiO2 nanoparticles layer using the hydrothermal method by varying Zinc Nitrate Tetrahydrate precursors (20; 30; 50; and 100 mM). Several physical characterizations have been carried out, including XRD, SEM, FTIR, UV-VIS, and Keithley SourceMeter 2400 equipped with a solar simulator 100 mW/cm2. Based on the results, the increasing concentration of Zinc Nitrate Tetrahydrate precursor affects the structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of TiO2/ZnO rods multilayer photoanode and reaches the optimum point at 50 mM.
Design of controlled temperature test in biochar production furnace automation
Authors: Nurhidayah  , Peslinof M , Afrianto M F , Deswardani F , Restianingsih T , Pebralia J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study aims to test the temperature sensor that will be used in the biochar production furnace. Temperature testing is carried out to determine the ability of the sensor to respond to temperature changes that will be applied to the furnace. The sensors used in this system are the K-type thermocouple and the MAX6675 module. Testing is done by forming a control system. The system will be installed in the furnace by providing heating with fire in the furnace. The result of the maximum temperature was 574.25 °C at 575 seconds of heating for 1110 seconds. The test of corelation between the sensor output voltage to temperature when the temperature is raised from the beginning to the maximum, the sensor sensitivity is obtained at 5.1762 mV / °C and the slope of the graph is close to 1. Testing the relationship of the sensor output voltage to temperature when the temperature is lowered from the maximum point, the sensor sensitivity is obtained at 4.878 mV / °C and an offset voltage of 25 mV. The voltage-to-time correlation of the two tests is close to the value of 1, which means that the sensor linearity is very good so that it can be used as a temperature measurement tool.
Identification of the constraints of physical properties on fluid flow rate (as a preliminary study for analysis of changes in subsurface conditions in the KEK Mandalika Lombok)
Authors: Alaydrus A T , Susilo A , Naba A , Minardi S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The KEK Mandalika area, the southern coast of Lombok Island, is an area that is growing up in the tourism sector. The main need for tourist areas is the availability of clean water. The problem that occurs in coastal areas is seawater intrusion. The seawater intrusion can cause the changes in subsurface conditions, especially in groundwater. These changes have an impact on changes in subsurface physical properties, which can be detected by geophysical measurements and modeling based on geoelectric and gravity data. In monitoring the changes of subsurface conditions, it is necessary to observe the constraints based on the value of conductivity, density, viscosity, and fluid flow rate so that physical modeling can be carried out. The method used was an experiment with 11 mixed solutions of groundwater and seawater with different concentrations. The results show that the salinity, conductivity and density have a proportional relationship with viscosity. The higher the viscosity, the lower the groundwater flow rate, and vice versa. Based on these results, the value of the constraints for each variable is obtained, which is conductivity (1.930- 38) mS; density (0.995-1.021) kgm−3
; salinity (1.06-25.1) ppt; viscosity (0.835-0.876) x10−3
kgm−1s−1
; fluid flow rate (1292-1388) ms−1
.
Development of a set of props for collision based on Arduino Uno Microcontroller
Authors: Indrasari W , Budi A S , Fadilla D P 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This research aims to produce physics teaching props for senior high school in the collision topic. The props developed to consist of Arduino as the central controller, photodiode sensor, and infrared sensor as a ball motion detector attached to the tube’s side as high as 100 cm. In its use, this teaching prop is also accompanied by student worksheets. The research design uses the Research and Development (R&D) method by using the 4D model, which includes: (1) define, (2) design, (3) develop, and (4) disseminate. Based on the media expert’s validation results, the score was 80% for concept suitability, 81% for design suitability, and 83% for effectiveness and efficiency. Therefore, the product worthy of use as a learning media.
Optimization of the Database Function Transactions by using the Fireworks Algorithm
Authors: Faisal Ammar , Hassan Rehab 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Inspired by the fireworks flare-up at night, the old algorithm of fireworks (FWA) developed during 2010. Since then there have been some changes or unfinished programs intended to enhance FWAS affectivity. The conventional fireworks algorithm is a forward summary and reviewed in this article, or is presented below three elevated fireworks algorithms. By swapping the methods for numbers measured and instead of the amplitudes of the sparks between the Outbreak of fireworks, the high FWA algorithms turn out to be more lifelike or explainable. The multi-purpose fireworks algorithm, although the image processing (GPU) designed fireworks algorithm is provided as well, the GPU mostly based the algorithm of fireworks is capable of speeding up the optimization. Large experiments on thirteen benchmark services show that the sum of the 3 algorithms multiplied by fireworks dramatically increases the propriety of found solutions but strongly decreases the walking time. Lastly, the fireworks algorithm’s limited capabilities are concisely defined, while its inadequacies are acknowledged, then future lookup advices.
Seismic Images Interpretation to Discover Salt Domes Using Deep Fully Convolutional Network
Authors: Al-Duri Shms Aldeen S. , Abbas Amel H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Interpretation of seismic data of seismic information available in the seismic image is an important process for oil exploration. By using computer vision and semantic segmentation techniques, defined the goal to extract salt domes, Which is a trap created due to the penetration of rock layers from below by the inelastic boulders of salt. The steps of this research explain the proposed model based on the semantic segmentation technique using the Fully Convolution Network as a U-net, one of the deep learning techniques. To discover salt domes to assist geophysicists in interpretation and detect oil in seismic sections. This model is designed to interact with the TGS dataset. Presented the research steps using the Python programming language. From the proposed U-net Model, we got a value of 97.50 as a result of training accuracy and 94.80 as a result of testing accuracy. The testing accuracy result of the proposed method was compared with other methods in the field of computer vision techniques used in interpreting seismic data, and the comparison result showed that the proposed U-net Model gives better results.
Structural Characterization of NiO Nanoparticles Prepared by Green Chemistry Synthesis Using Arundo donaxi Leaves Extract
Authors: Jawad N. A. , Hassan K. H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The present work includes nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO) synthesis via a green route using its salt and Arundo donaxi leaves extracts solution. Thus prepared particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), spectrum of Fourier transform infrared, (FTIR) and then atomic force microscope (AFM) techniques. XRD data indicated that the particle size was in a nanoscale region and around 30 nm which seem to be agreed well with the one estimated from AFM. The surface of the nanoparticles studies using AFM demonstrated that the average particle size is 41.13 nm and also indicated that 10%, 50% and 90% of the prepared samples have a particle size being less than 34 nm, 44 nm and 48 nm respectively.
Spectroscopic Study of Copper Plasma Produced by Nd: YAG Laser from The Nano and Bulk Copper Targets
Authors: Ali Yasir A. , Khamis Raad A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, plasma is generated from the nano and bulk copper targets by using Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm, frequency of 6 Hz and pulse duration 9 ns at atmospheric pressure. The Boltzmann plot method was used to calculate the temperature of electrons and the Stark broadening method to calculate the density of electrons in a laser-generated plasma. It was observed that increased in the laser energy from 500 to 800 mJ leads to increased the temperature of electrons from 1.8 to 2.5eV and increased the electrons density from 3.65×1016 to 4.29×1016 cm−3 for nano copper plasma while increased the temperature of electrons from 1.2 to 2 eV and increased the electrons density from 2.28×1016 to 3.24×1016 cm−3 for the bulk copper plasma.
Study of Cellular Immune Response and Some of the Blood Variables in Children with Celiac Disease
Authors: Ibrahim Reem K. , Abdullah Qasim Khlaif , Muhaidi M. J. , Khammas Raghed Khaled , Hussein Najeeb Mohammed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
All The study presents the effect of the disease celiac in children on cellular immunity. Some of the variables used for this analysis were neutrophil WBC (PMN) rate PMN phagocytosis factor, size granules and movement control factor (MIF) at different ages of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. No significant differences in celiac disease in children on PMNs. Effect celiac disease in children on phagocytosis of Candida1albicans killed by the heat that there were significant differences between the first and second treatments in children infected compared with control agree with this study.
IR Spectroscopic Study of Triiodosilane (SiHI3) by Using Semi-empirical Quantum Program
Authors: Hussein Orass Abdulhadi , Khudhair Dawood M. , Aljbar Alyaa A. Alrazaq A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this research, the more important spectral properties of vibration HSiI3 molecule have been studied and calculated by using the semi-empirical theoretical program (HyperChem) method (MNDO-PM3) (Use the RHF wave function for close - shell systems, the spins are paired). The calculated vibration modes for Triiodosilane (SiHI3) were nine modes in the region (63-1815) cm−1, which is located in the far and middle infrared region.
Total energy, dipole moment, energy gap, Core-core repulsion, Ionization potential and electron affinity (E.A.) have been calculated. Other properties are also plotted in two and three dimensions, such as electrostatic potential and charge density. In addition, the values of the occupied and unoccupied molecular orbitals were calculated.
Convergence and its Properties on Soft

Sb^

-Metric Spaces
Authors: Kadhim Dhuha A. , Abd Al-Rahem Mushtaq K. , Abood Zainab H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The primary motivation behind this article is to consider an alternative type of speculation of metric space is named a soft -metric space. The definition of a soft -metric space presented. Cauchy sequence, convergent sequence, and contractive sequence in soft -metric space with providing a few outcomes on it given. Examples are given to delineate soft -metric space.
Two Numerical ways RO (SuMM) and RO (MSuSu)) to Evaluate triple integrals
Authors: Aljassas Safaa M. , Hanoon Wafaa H. , Showq Mohammed E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The main goal of this research to calculate the triple integrals which has continuous functions numerically by two methods are RO(SuMM) and RO(SuMM)that obtained by Romberg acceleration with two composite rules. The first rule is the Mid-point method on the first dimension X and the second dimension Y with a suggested method on the third dimension Z and, which is denoted by SuMM. The second rule is a suggested method on the first dimension X and the second dimension Y with the Mid-point method on the third dimension Z and, which is denoted by MSuSu. Where the number of divisions on these three dimensions is exactly the Sam. We represented two theorems with their proofs to find such rules and the correction terms (the error terms) for each of rule Therefore, we obtained high accuracy results in a relatively few sub intervals and short time.

Subject Classification: 65XX
Applying Non-Homogeneity of Variance in The Error to The Investment Function in Iraq
Authors: Talib Hayder Raaid , Abdul-Husain Mahdi Ali , Naeem Ahmed Abd 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The present study aims at studying the problem of variance in the random error in the multiple linear regression sample by using investment function in Iraq from 1980 to 2015 and testing it by using standard methods by comparing the weighted least squares method, which is considered to be one of the ways to treat the problem, with the ordinary least squares method, (WLS) using the efficiency scale. As a result, it has been shown that the weighted least squares method is better than the ordinary least squares method (OLS).The major hypothesis of the present study is that random error does not have the problem of variance in the error. To achieve the aims of the present study, to validate the hypotheses, and to interpret the results, a sophisticated statistical package in this area has been used; (E views 9 program) in which chart plot test, Breusch Pajan, weighted least squares method have been used. The problem is that the dependent variable is limited because of the nature of the phenomenon, which may not lead to the validation of those assumptions. The study has adopted the standard quant itative analysis method with data time series for a random sample whose size is 36 from the Iraqi economy which has shown that there is a variance in the random error in the investment function; i.e. the variance is not equal in the investment function. That has led to some recommendations that may be useful to those concerned with the present study.
Fractional Order Modification of Tuckwell and Wan Medical Model
Authors: Ati Rana Rajib , Al-Azzawi Saad Naji 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA fractional order modification of Tuckwell and Wan for HIV-1 model is given. Tuckwell and Wan gave a model for HIV-1 infection of CD4+T-cells and solving. The number of CD4+T-cellsgained by the solution of the tth equation decreases with time which is a main weak point in this model. So we give a modification for their model in a fractional differential from. The results of solution are compared with the results of the other solutions methods.
Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics Associated with Blastocystis Hominis in More Than Ten Years Infections in Wasit Province / Iraq
Authors: Abdul Ridha Algorany Asmaa Fadhil , Faieq Zahraa Ali 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To assess the prevalence of bowel parasites in patients in Wasit City, Iraq. Already Blastocystis hominis is gaining recognition as an agent of intestinal disease in humans. A cases study was conducted regarding the cause of gastroenteritis in humans. Wet mount preparation and formalin-ether concentration, examination of a total of 300 specimens of stools.(146) persons infected with gastrointestinal parasites infection percentage (48.67 %). 103 (70.55%) these specimens from patients with gastrointestinal infection contained B. hominis Parasite alone, the appearance of severe symptoms has been associated with increased parasite numbers in diarrheal specimens (more than five parasites per field with x400), magnification) included (Cryptosporidium, Entamoeba. histolytica, Giardia intestinalis, Entamoeba coli. Enterobius vermicularis, Hymenlepis nana). 43 (29.45%) had other pathogenic parasites, in addition to B. hominis in the same specimen. monthly rate of infection (24.33 %), the highest rate on infection with gastrointestinal parasites in May was (57.42%) and the lowest rate percentage of infection was in January (28.76%); Infection percentage in dependence on Sexes of patients representation in positive sample stool with gastrointestinal parasites, the highest parasite infections were 87 (59.59 %); cases in male, the parasite infection were 59(40.41) cases in female. Infection percentage according of age groups, rate of ages of patients’ representation in positive sample stool with gastrointestinal parasites, the highest rate of ages in patients group were (15-24), Percentage of infection 44 (30.14 % ). And the lowest rate percentage included the age group were (55-65) Percentage of infection 18 (12.33%).The purpose of the research is to determine the B. hominis frequency among Gastrointestinal and B hominis Symptomatic Diarrhea Infections.
Face identification in a video file based on hybrid intelligence technique-review
Authors: Alkahla Lubna Thanoon , Alneamy Jamal Salahaldeen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
With the advancement in technology, the importance of facial recognition in the video camera or in the images has increased due to its effectiveness in criminal identification and the identification of wanted people by using different algorithms and theories, where different hybrid and non-hybrid techniques have been developed to recognize the face through its features. In this paper, the most important technologies that have been developed in the field of face detection are revealed, as the paper provides a detailed explanation of the most prominent systems that have been developed in this field in terms of time, accuracy, results and databases used for this purpose.
Structural, Vibrational and Thermodynamic Characteristics of Nacl Single-Molecule Dissolution in Water: A DFT Study
Authors: Abdulsattar Mudar Ahmed , Khalid Abeer H , Abdul-Hussein Yahya M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The solvation of a single NaCl molecule in water molecules is discussed using density functional theory. As we add H2O molecules, the distance between Na and Cl ions increases. Six H2O molecules are enough to make both the distances between Na and Cl ions with nearest O atoms (in H2O molecule) less than Na-Cl distance. Natural bond analysis (NBO) shows that absolute charges on Na and Cl ions decrease as we add H2O molecules with the absolute charge on Na ion slightly less than Cl ion. The energy gap increases and approaches the experimental energy gap of liquid water at 6.9 eV. Both Gibbs free energy and enthalpy are negative indicating that the reaction is spontaneous and exothermic. The enthalpy converges to the value of the solvation of both Na and Cl ions in water. The negative sign of the entropy indicates order reaction. The Raman vibrational spectra changes from the single vibrational mode at 341.93 cm−1 of NaCl molecule and three H2O molecule vibrational modes at 1584, 3863.9, and 3778 cm−1 to three multi bands centred at 500, 1600 and 3400 cm−1 for NaCl with 9 H2O molecules with the diminishing of Na-Cl vibration intensity.
Lab-Made Semi-Automated Microfluidic Flow Injection Spectrophotometric System for Determination of Nitrite in Natural Water
Authors: Al-Jorani Yousif Sh. J. , Al-Sowdani K. H. , Saleh Salah M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A lab-made semi-automated microfluidic flow injection spectrophotometric system for the determination of nitrite in natural water was constructed and designed. It has consist of double line microfluidic chip with dimensions (40µl×5cm), each one 20 µl volume aims to allow very small volume from reagent and sample to be used. The microfluidic system also, consists of two Arduino microcontroller programs. The first one was UNO used to dominance mini peristaltic pump and the other one was a mega type which was records the results as peaks using Microsoft Excel 2010 program. The linearity was ranged (0.025-0.15) μg/ml with regression coefficient of six points 0.9997, r.s.d% for ten replicates of 0.1 μg/ml. The detection limit was 1.75 ng/ml and the samples throughput was 150 samples per hour and one sample required 55.7µl of chemical reagents therefore, 150 samples consumed 8.355 ml of chemical reagents which clearly indicated that the consumed reagent and waste were very low.So, the method of determination of nitrite in this system is Eco-friendly. The concentrations of nitrite in the natural water were in the range (0.025-0.4) μg/ml.