bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 silencing by a novel microRNA microRNA-4523 protects human osteoblasts from dexamethasone through activation of Nrf2 signaling cascade
Authors: Liang Jin-qian , Zhou Zhen-tao , Bo Lin , Tan Hai-ning , Hu Jian-hua , Tan Ming-sheng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNuclear-factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) cascade activation can ameliorate dexamethasone (DEX)-induced oxidative injury and death in human osteoblasts. Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) depletion is shown to efficiently activate Nrf2 signaling by inducing methylglyoxal modification of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). We here identified a novel PGK1-targeting microRNA: microRNA-4523 (miR-4523). RNA fluorescent in situ hybridization, RNA pull-down, and Argonaute-2 RNA immunoprecipitation results confirmed a direct binding between miR-4523 and PGK1 mRNA in primary human osteoblasts and hFOB1.19 osteoblastic cells. Forced overexpression of miR-4523, using a lentiviral construct, robustly decreased PGK1 3′-UTR (untranslated region) luciferase activity and downregulated its expression in human osteoblasts and hFOB1.19 cells. Furthermore, miR-4523 overexpression activated the Nrf2 signaling cascade, causing Keap1–Nrf2 disassociation, Nrf2 protein stabilization, and its nuclear translocation as well as transcription activation of Nrf2-dependent genes (NQO1, GCLC, and HO1) in human osteoblasts. By expressing a UTR-null PGK1 construct, miR-4523 overexpression-induced Nrf2 cascade activation was however largely inhibited. Importantly, DEX-induced reactive oxygen species production, oxidative injury, and cell apoptosis were significantly attenuated by miR-4523 overexpression in human osteoblasts and hFOB1.19 cells. Such actions by miR-4523 were abolished by Nrf2 shRNA or knockout, but mimicked by PGK1 knockout (using CRISPR/Cas9 method). In PGK1 knockout human osteoblasts, miR-4523 overexpression failed to further increase Nrf2 cascade activation and offer osteoblast cytoprotection against DEX. Significantly, miR-4523 is downregulated in human necrotic femoral head tissues of DEX-taking patients. Together, PGK1 silencing by miR-4523 protected human osteoblasts from DEX through activation of the Nrf2 signaling cascade.
Cryo-EM structure of human Pol κ bound to DNA and mono-ubiquitylated PCNA
Authors: Lancey Claudia , Tehseen Muhammad , Bakshi Souvika , Percival Matthew , Takahashi Masateru , Sobhy Mohamed A. , Raducanu Vlad S. , Blair Kerry , Muskett Frederick W. , Ragan Timothy J. , Crehuet Ramon , Hamdan Samir M. , De Biasio Alfredo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractY-family DNA polymerase κ (Pol κ) can replicate damaged DNA templates to rescue stalled replication forks. Access of Pol κ to DNA damage sites is facilitated by its interaction with the processivity clamp PCNA and is regulated by PCNA mono-ubiquitylation. Here, we present cryo-EM reconstructions of human Pol κ bound to DNA, an incoming nucleotide, and wild type or mono-ubiquitylated PCNA (Ub-PCNA). In both reconstructions, the internal PIP-box adjacent to the Pol κ Polymerase-Associated Domain (PAD) docks the catalytic core to one PCNA protomer in an angled orientation, bending the DNA exiting the Pol κ active site through PCNA, while Pol κ C-terminal domain containing two Ubiquitin Binding Zinc Fingers (UBZs) is invisible, in agreement with disorder predictions. The ubiquitin moieties are partly flexible and extend radially away from PCNA, with the ubiquitin at the Pol κ-bound protomer appearing more rigid. Activity assays suggest that, when the internal PIP-box interaction is lost, Pol κ is retained on DNA by a secondary interaction between the UBZs and the ubiquitins flexibly conjugated to PCNA. Our data provide a structural basis for the recruitment of a Y-family TLS polymerase to sites of DNA damage.
Boride-derived oxygen-evolution catalysts
Authors: Wang Ning , Xu Aoni , Ou Pengfei , Hung Sung-Fu , Ozden Adnan , Lu Ying-Rui , Abed Jehad , Wang Ziyun , Yan Yu , Sun Meng-Jia , Xia Yujian , Han Mei , Han Jingrui , Yao Kaili , Wu Feng-Yi , Chen Pei-Hsuan , Vomiero Alberto , Seifitokaldani Ali , Sun Xuhui , Sinton David , Liu Yongchang , Sargent Edward H. , Liang Hongyan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMetal borides/borates have been considered promising as oxygen evolution reaction catalysts; however, to date, there is a dearth of evidence of long-term stability at practical current densities. Here we report a phase composition modulation approach to fabricate effective borides/borates-based catalysts. We find that metal borides in-situ formed metal borates are responsible for their high activity. This knowledge prompts us to synthesize NiFe-Boride, and to use it as a templating precursor to form an active NiFe-Borate catalyst. This boride-derived oxide catalyzes oxygen evolution with an overpotential of 167 mV at 10 mA/cm2 in 1 M KOH electrolyte and requires a record-low overpotential of 460 mV to maintain water splitting performance for over 400 h at current density of 1 A/cm2. We couple the catalyst with CO reduction in an alkaline membrane electrode assembly electrolyser, reporting stable C2H4 electrosynthesis at current density 200 mA/cm2 for over 80 h.
MCAs in Arabidopsis are Ca2+-permeable mechanosensitive channels inherently sensitive to membrane tension
Authors: Yoshimura Kenjiro , Iida Kazuko , Iida Hidetoshi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMechanosensitive (MS) ion channels respond to mechanical stress and convert it into intracellular electric and ionic signals. Five MS channel families have been identified in plants, including the Mid1-Complementing Activity (MCA) channel; however, its activation mechanisms have not been elucidated in detail. We herein demonstrate that the MCA2 channel is a Ca2+-permeable MS channel that is directly activated by membrane tension. The N-terminal 173 residues of MCA1 and MCA2 were synthesized in vitro, purified, and reconstituted into artificial liposomal membranes. Liposomes reconstituted with MCA1(1-173) or MCA2(1-173) mediate Ca2+ influx and the application of pressure to the membrane reconstituted with MCA2(1-173) elicits channel currents. This channel is also activated by voltage. Blockers for MS channels inhibit activation by stretch, but not by voltage. Since MCA proteins are found exclusively in plants, these results suggest that MCA represent plant-specific MS channels that open directly with membrane tension.
Non-KREEP origin for Chang’e-5 basalts in the Procellarum KREEP Terrane
Authors: Tian Heng-Ci , Wang Hao , Chen Yi , Yang Wei , Zhou Qin , Zhang Chi , Lin Hong-Lei , Huang Chao , Wu Shi-Tou , Jia Li-Hui , Xu Lei , Zhang Di , Li Xiao-Guang , Chang Rui , Yang Yue-Heng , Xie Lie-Wen , Zhang Dan-Ping , Zhang Guang-Liang , Yang Sai-Hong , Wu Fu-Yuan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMare volcanics on the Moon are the key record of thermo-chemical evolution throughout most of lunar history1–3. Young mare basalts—mainly distributed in a region rich in potassium, rare-earth elements and phosphorus (KREEP) in Oceanus Procellarum, called the Procellarum KREEP Terrane (PKT)4—were thought to be formed from KREEP-rich sources at depth5–7. However, this hypothesis has not been tested with young basalts from the PKT. Here we present a petrological and geochemical study of the basalt clasts from the PKT returned by the Chang’e-5 mission8. These two-billion-year-old basalts are the youngest lunar samples reported so far9. Bulk rock compositions have moderate titanium and high iron contents with KREEP-like rare-earth-element and high thorium concentrations. However, strontium–neodymium isotopes indicate that these basalts were derived from a non-KREEP mantle source. To produce the high abundances of rare-earth elements and thorium, low-degree partial melting and extensive fractional crystallization are required. Our results indicate that the KREEP association may not be a prerequisite for young mare volcanism. Absolving the need to invoke heat-producing elements in their source implies a more sustained cooling history of the lunar interior to generate the Moon’s youngest melts.
Nondetrimental impact of two concomitant entomopathogenic fungi on life history parameters of a generalist predator, Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Rizwan Muhammad , Atta Bilal , Arshad Muhammad , Khan Rashad Rasool , Dageri Asli , Rizwan Misbah , Ullah Muhammad Irfan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe non-persistent impact of biocontrol agents can be revealed for pest control when associated entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs) negatively affect the natural enemies. In this assay, impacts ofBeauvaria bassiana(Balsamo) Vuillemin, andMetarhizium anisopliae(Metschnikoff) Sorokin were studied for their compatibility or side effects on life table parameters of an important generalist predator,Coccinella septempunctataL. The results indicated non-significant impacts of both EPFs on life table parameters ofC. septempunctata. The development time (egg-adult) was not significantly different in control (69.79 days) and EPFs treatedC. septempunctata(69.35–80.07 days). Both fungi did not induce any significant changes in the fecundity, adult pre-oviposition period (APOP), total preoviposition period (TPOP), and mean generation time (T) as compared to control treatment. Similarly, no difference in fecundity rate ofC. septempunctatawas observed after EPFs treatment (287.7–288.5) compared to control (290.0). The highest net reproductive rate (R0) occurred in control (87.05 offspring individual−1) andM. anisopliae(86.31 offspring individual−1) as compared toB. bassianatreated beetles (76.97 offspring individual−1). The age-specific fecundity curves indicated that theC. septempunctatahad a similar fecundity rate in both EPFs treatments and control. This study demonstrates no significant side effects ofB. bassianaandM. anispoliaeon the performance and biology ofC. septempunctata. Considering the compatibility of both EPFs withC. septempunctata, their combinations can be recommended in various integrated pest management programs.
Optimizing the use of acoustic materials in office buildings
Authors: AlOmani Abdullah , El-Rayes Khaled , Altuwaim Ayman 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOffice space designers encounter a challenge in identifying the optimal set of noise control materials to improve the acoustic quality while keeping the cost of selected acoustic materials to a minimum. To address this challenge, this paper presents a novel optimization model that provides the capability of minimizing the cost of acoustic materials while satisfying all designer-specified acoustic quality requirements. The model is developed in five main stages that focus on (1) identifying the correlated designer decisions that influence the model objective function; (2) formulating an optimization objective function; (3) identifying the model constraints that are organized into acoustic quality and materials selection constraints; (4) implementing the model using genetic algorithms (GA); and (5) evaluating the performance of the model using an office space design that is under construction to assess and improve the model feasibility and performance. The outcome of the performance evaluation stage illustrates the novel capabilities of the developed model in identifying the optimal selections for the type and area of acoustic material for each surface in the office space that achieve the desired acoustic quality while keeping the cost of selected acoustic materials to a minimum.
Gastric cancer stem cells survive in stress environments via their autophagy system
Authors: Togano Shingo , Yashiro Masakazu , Masuda Go , Sugimoto Atsushi , Miki Yuichiro , Yamamoto Yurie , Sera Tomohiro , Kushiyama Shuhei , Nishimura Sadaaki , Kuroda Kenji , Okuno Tomohisa , Ohira Masaichi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in the progression of carcinoma and have a high potential for survival in stress environments. However, the mechanisms of survival potential of CSCs have been unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the significance of autophagy systems of CSCs under stress environments. Four gastric cancer cell line were used. Side population (SP) cells were sorted from the parent cells, as CSC rich cells. The expression of stem cell markers was examined by RT-PCR. The viability of cancer cells under starvation and hypoxia was evaluated. The expression level of the autophagy molecule LC3B-II was examined by western blot. The numbers of autophagosomes and autolysosomes were counted by electron microscope. SP cells of OCUM-12 showed a higher expression of stem cell markers and higher viability in starvation and hypoxia. Western blot and electron microscope examinations indicated that the autophagy was more induced in SP cells than in parent cells. The autophagy inhibitor significantly decreased the viability under the stress environments. These findings suggested that Cancer stem cells of gastric cancer might maintain their viability via the autophagy system. Autophagy inhibitors might be a promising therapeutic agent for gastric cancer.
Upregulation of CD22 by Chidamide promotes CAR T cells functionality
Authors: Yang Xin , Yu Qiuxia , Xu Hao , Zhou Jianfeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTreatment failure or relapse due to tumor escape caused by reduction in target antigen expression has become a challenge in the field of CART therapy. Target antigen density is closely related to the effectiveness of CART therapy, and reduced or lost target antigen expression limits the efficacy of CART therapy and hinders the durability of CAR T cells. Epigenetic drugs can regulate histones for molecular modifications to regulate the transcriptional, translational and post-translational modification processes of target agents, and we demonstrated for the first time the role in regulating CD22 expression and its effect on the efficacy of CD22 CART. In this paper, we found that Chidamide promoted the expression of CD22 on the surface of B-cell tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, and enhanced the function of CD22 CART. As for mechanisms, we demonstrated that Chidamide did not affect CD22 mRNA transcription, but significantly increased the expression of total CD22 protein, indicating that Chidamide may upregulate cell surface CD22 expression by affecting the distribution of CD22 protein. In summary, our results suggest that Chidamide may enhance the efficacy of CD22 CART by inhibiting histone deacetylases to regulate post-transcriptional modifications that affect protein distribution to increase the expression of CD22 on the cell surface.
Heritability and genetic correlations of plasma metabolites of pigs with production, resilience and carcass traits under natural polymicrobial disease challenge
Authors: Dervishi E. , Yang T. , Dyck M. K. , Harding J. C. S. , Fortin F. ,   PigGen Canada,    Fast Genetics ,   Genesus Genetics ,   Hypor Canada,    Topigs Canada,    DNA Genetics,    ALPHAGENE ,   Alliance Genetics, Cheng J. , Dekkers J. C. M. , Plastow G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMetabolites in plasma of healthy nursery pigs were quantified using nuclear magnetic resonance. Heritabilities of metabolite concentration were estimated along with their phenotypic and genetic correlations with performance, resilience, and carcass traits in growing pigs exposed to a natural polymicrobial disease challenge. Variance components were estimated by GBLUP. Heritability estimates were low to moderate (0.11 ± 0.08 to 0.19 ± 0.08) for 14 metabolites, moderate to high (0.22 ± 0.09 to 0.39 ± 0.08) for 17 metabolites, and highest for l-glutamic acid (0.41 ± 0.09) and hypoxanthine (0.42 ± 0.08). Phenotypic correlation estimates of plasma metabolites with performance and carcass traits were generally very low. Significant genetic correlation estimates with performance and carcass traits were found for several measures of growth and feed intake. Interestingly the plasma concentration of oxoglutarate was genetically negatively correlated with treatments received across the challenge nursery and finisher (− 0.49 ± 0.28; P < 0.05) and creatinine was positively correlated with mortality in the challenge nursery (0.85 ± 0.76; P < 0.05). These results suggest that some plasma metabolite phenotypes collected from healthy nursery pigs are moderately heritable and genetic correlations with measures of performance and resilience after disease challenge suggest they may be potential genetic indicators of disease resilience.
Novel implications of a strictly monomorphic (GCC) repeat in the human PRKACB gene
Authors: Khamse Safoura , Jafarian Zahra , Bozorgmehr Ali , Tavakoli Mostafa , Afshar Hossein , Keshavarz Maryam , Moayedi Razieh , Ohadi Mina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPRKACB(Protein Kinase CAMP-Activated Catalytic Subunit Beta) is predominantly expressed in the brain, and regulation of this gene links to neuroprotective effects against tau and Aβ-induced toxicity. Here we studied a (GCC)-repeat spanning the core promoter and 5′ UTR of this gene in 300 human subjects, consisting of late-onset neurocognitive disorder (NCD) (N = 150) and controls (N = 150). We also implemented several models to study the impact of this repeat on the three-dimensional (3D) structure of DNA. While thePRKACB(GCC)-repeat was strictly monomorphic at 7-repeats, we detected two 7/8 genotypes only in the NCD group. In all examined models, the (GCC)7 and its periodicals had the least range of divergence variation on the 3D structure of DNA in comparison to the 8-repeat periodicals and several hypothetical repeat lengths. A similar inert effect on the 3D structure was not detected in other classes of short tandem repeats (STRs) such as GA and CA repeats. In conclusion, we report monomorphism of a long (GCC)-repeat in thePRKACBgene in human, its inert effect on DNA structure, and enriched divergence in late-onset NCD. This is the first indication of natural selection for a monomorphic (GCC)-repeat, which probably evolved to function as an “epigenetic knob”, without changing the regional DNA structure.
Molecular recognition of sialoglycans by streptococcal Siglec-like adhesins: toward the shape of specific inhibitors
Authors: Di Carluccio Cristina , Forgione Rosa Ester , Bosso Andrea , Yokoyama Shinji , Manabe Yoshiyuki , Pizzo Elio , Molinaro Antonio , Fukase Koichi , Fragai Marco , Bensing Barbara A. , Marchetti Roberta , Silipo Alba 
Published: October 2021

We here present a detailed molecular description of sialoglycans recognition by Siglec-like adhesins from S. gordonii opening the venue for the design of specific inhibitors to influence the propensity of streptococci to cause infective endocarditis.
Clinical Experiences of People With a Laryngectomy During the SARS COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Searl Jeff , Kearney Ann , Genoa Kathryn , Doyle Philip C. 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
This study described the clinical experiences of patients with a total laryngectomy (TL) during the COVID-19 pandemic and identified changes in communication, tracheostoma care, and heat–moisture exchange (HME) use that were recommended or self-implemented.

Method
An online survey addressing the study aims was completed by 173 people with a TL who live in the United States. The survey was open from July 5 to August 10, 2020.

Results
In-person clinic visits, appointment cancellations, and contact from their speech-language pathologists (SLPs) were reported by 42%, 19%, and 54% of the TL respondents, respectively. At clinic visits, 78% were required to wear a mask over their nose/mouth, and 73% were required to wear a mask over their tracheostoma. Masks, gloves, and face shields worn by the SLP at these visits were reported by 84%, 82%, and 70% of the TL patients, respectively. Alaryngeal communication changes were recommended by the SLP for 7%–18% of TL patients, depending on their method of communication, whereas 43%–45% implemented changes on their own. Changes in tracheostoma care and HME use were recommended by the SLP for 27% and 21% of the TL respondents, respectively, whereas 54% and 47% made changes on their own.

Conclusions
Individuals with a TL will require in-person care even during a pandemic, as reflected in this study. Many had not been contacted by their SLP or otolaryngologist about TL guidelines that were becoming available. Notably, larger percentages of TL patients reported self-initiated changes to their communication, tracheostoma care, and HME use because of the pandemic than their SLP had advised. The types of communication changes varied in part, depending on the method of alaryngeal speech a respondent used.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16807270
Parker Solar Probe detects solar radio bursts related with a behind–the–limb active region
Authors: Stanislavsky Aleksander A. , Bubnov Igor N. , Koval Artem A. , Yerin Serge N. 
Published: October 2021

Context.The interpretation of solar radio bursts observed by Parker Solar Probe (PSP) in the encounter phase plays a key role in understanding intrinsic properties of the emission mechanism in the solar corona. Lower time–frequency resolution of the PSP receiver can be overcome by simultaneous ground–based observations using more advanced antennas and receivers.Aims.In this paper we present such observations for which the active active region 12 765, begetter of type III, J, and U solar bursts, was within sight of ground–based instruments and behind the solar limb of the PSP spacecraft.Methods.We used a subarray of the Giant Ukrainian Radio Telescope to get the spectral properties of radio bursts at the frequency range of 8–80 MHz, as well as the PSP radio instruments with a bandwidth of 10.5 kHz–19.2 MHz, during solar observations on June 5, 2020.Results.We directly detected the radio events initiated by the active region behind the solar limb of the PSP spacecraft, using special conditions in the solar corona, due to the absence of active regions from the PSP side. Following the generation mechanism of solar radio emission, we refined the density model for the solar corona above the active region 12765 responsible for the radio bursts. Based on the PSP spacecraft position near the Sun and delays of radio waves between space– and ground–based records, we found the corresponding radio responses on the PSP spectrogram.Conclusions.The absence of sunspots from the PSP side contributes to the propagation of radio waves from a dense loop of the Sun to quiet regions with low densities, through which PSP instruments can detect the radiation.
Ecological and radiation safety of Central Asia
Authors: Yurov Victor , Eremin Evgeniy , Guchenko Sergey 
Published: October 2021

Previous calculations showed that in the Kyrgyz Republic 7.2% of the total population are exposed to the “radiation risk”, in the Republic of Kazakhstan - about 3%, in the Republic of Tajikistan - 1.7% and in the Republic of Uzbekistan - 0.3%. The number of radiation-contaminated territories in the Republics of Central Asia is equal: the Kyrgyz Republic contains about 132 million m3 of waste, the Republic of Tajikistan contains about 180 million m3 of waste, the Republic of Uzbekistan contains 640 million m3 of waste, and the Republic of Kazakhstan contains approximately 10,000 million m3 of waste. Total: in the four Republics of Central Asia, the total amount of radioactive waste is 10952 million m3.	Taking as a basis the limited liability company “Vismut GmbH” from Germany, which carried out the reclamation of uranium tailings with a volume of 160 million m3 of tailings at a cost of about 8 billion euros for about 37 years. Using a thermodynamic approach, it is shown that the costs of reclamation of uranium tailings for the four Central Asian Republics will be 548 billion euros, and the duration will be about 40 years.