bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review on security requirements specification by formal methods
Authors: Mishra Aditya Dev , Mustafa Khurram 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSecurity is an afterthought process for the development of software in earlier days but now the time has been changed. Now, security is on top priority and involved from the beginning of software development. Security requirements are the prime concern for the development and quality of any software product. The specification and verification of security requirements need a lot of attention from the computer science community in the process of the software development life cycle. Formal Methods are a widely used and well‐recognized approach for the specification and verification of any safety‐critical system. Formal methods play an important role in the requirement phase to the design phase of software development. In this study, we summarized the outcomes of related papers to find out the current state of the art in the proposed area. In this manuscript, three research questions are frame and we try to find the answer to these research questions to the best of our effort and knowledge. The objective of this research paper is to find out the gap analysis, state of art, and trends in the proposed area. The academician needs to pursue more effort toward the formal specification of security requirements, providing a deeper understanding to help security experts in the development of systems.
Recent Advances in Reductive Upgrading of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural via Heterogeneous Thermocatalysis
Authors: Wan Yan , Lee Jong‐Min 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe catalytic conversion of 5‐hydroxymethylfufural (HMF), one of the vital platform chemicals in biomass upgrading, holds great promise for producing highly valuable chemicals through sustainable routes, thereby alleviating the dependence on fossil feedstocks and reducing CO2 emissions. The reductive upgrading (hydrogenation, hydrogenolysis, ring‐opening, ring‐rearrangement, amination, etc.) of HMF has exhibited great potential to produce monomers, liquid fuel additives, and other valuable chemicals. Thermocatalytic conversion has a significant advantage over photocatalysis and electrocatalysis in productivity. In this Review, the recent achievements of thermo‐reductive transformation of HMF to various chemicals using heterogeneous catalytic systems are presented, including the catalytic systems (catalyst and solvent), reaction conditions, (reaction temperature, pressure, etc.), and reaction mechanisms. The current challenges and future opportunities are discussed as well, aiming at guiding the catalyst design and practical scalable productions.
A study on combined multi‐resonance converter for on‐board charging of electric vehicles
Authors: Zhao Qinglin , Song Lu , Luo Zhuangqi , Wang Deyu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a combined multi‐resonant converter for electric vehicle (EV) charging is proposed. The primary side of the converter is composed of dual LCLCL five‐element multi‐resonant tanks which are placed in parallel, and they share the primary side‐switches. Further, it comprises two rectifier bridges on the secondary side that act as the output in series. By combining the two constant voltage (CV) frequencies of the multi‐resonant tanks with the CV frequency and the constant current (CC) frequency of the other multi‐resonant tank respectively, the converter can achieve the CC and the CV output respectively at fixed frequency in order to meet the EV charging requirements. Theoretically, the open‐loop control can achieve the CC and CV modes of the converter. In the entire load range, the zero voltage turn‐on (ZVS) of the primary‐side switches and the zero current turn‐off (ZCS) of the secondary‐side rectifier diodes are realized. In order to verify the feasibility and the reliability of the converter, a 3.3‐kW experimental prototype was built and experimental analysis was carried out. From the results, it is found that the maximum efficiency of the prototype is 97.29% and the overall efficiency is above 95%.
GRAMD4 inhibits tumour metastasis by recruiting the E3 ligase ITCH to target TAK1 for degradation in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ge Qian yun , Chen Jin , Li Gan xun , Tan Xiao long , Song Jia , Ning Deng , Mo Jie , Du Peng cheng , Liu Qiu meng , Liang Hui fang , Ding Ze yang , Zhang Xue wu , Zhang Bi xiang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAberrant TAK1 (transforming growth factor β‐activated kinase 1) activity is known to be involved in a variety of malignancies, but the regulatory mechanisms of TAK1 remain poorly understood. GRAMD4 (glucosyltransferase Rab‐like GTPase activator and myotubularin domain containing 4) is a newly discovered p53‐independent proapoptotic protein with an unclear role in HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma).ResultsIn this research, we found that GRAMD4 expression was lower in HCC samples, and its downregulation predicted worse prognosis for patients after surgical resection. Functionally, GRAMD4 inhibited HCC migration, invasion and metastasis. Mechanistically, GRAMD4 interacted with TAK1 to promote its protein degradation, thus, resulting in the inactivation of MAPK (Mitogen‐activated protein kinase) and NF‐κB pathways. Furthermore, GRAMD4 was proved to recruit ITCH (itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase) to promote the ubiquitination of TAK1. Moreover, high expression of TAK1 was correlated with low expression of GRAMD4 in HCC patients.ConclusionsGRAMD4 inhibits the migration and metastasis of HCC, mainly by recruiting ITCH to promote the degradation of TAK1, which leads to the inactivation of MAPK and NF‐κB signalling pathways.
Considerations for user consultation in a flow cytometry shared resource laboratory
Authors: Graham Amy , Korecky Jena , Schultz Eric , Gregory Michael , Asosingh Kewal 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUser consultation is an essential first step in assuring high‐quality flow cytometric data. A central challenge to shared resource laboratory (SRL) staff is how to best guide new and current users to meet each projects' needs. One solution to this challenge is to follow a standard user consultation platform addressing all critical steps between the conception of the experiment and the actual acquisition of samples. Here we describe considerations to help an SRL understand the researcher's goals and how best the SRL staff can provide expert advice in a structured manner. User consultation has an educational nature, informing users about current best practices in cytometry that apply to their specific utilization. A consultation report also improves communication between the SRL, principal investigator, and lab members of the collaborating researcher. Development of best SRL practices is spearheaded by the ISAC SRL committee and this communication sets the foundation to initiate such report for user consultation. Implementation of best practices during user consultation will improve rigor and reproducibility in cytometry.
Annual banned‐substance review: Analytical approaches in human sports drug testing 2020/2021
Authors: Thevis Mario , Kuuranne Tiia , Geyer Hans 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMost core areas of anti‐doping research exploit and rely on analytical chemistry, applied to studies aiming at further improving the test methods' analytical sensitivity, the assays' comprehensiveness, the interpretation of metabolic profiles and patterns, but also at facilitating the differentiation of natural/endogenous substances from structurally identical but synthetically derived compounds and comprehending the athlete's exposome. Further, a continuously growing number of advantages of complementary matrices such as dried blood spots have been identified and transferred from research to sports drug testing routine applications, with an overall gain of valuable additions to the anti‐doping field. In this edition of the annual banned‐substance review, literature on recent developments in anti‐doping published between October 2020 and September 2021 is summarized and discussed, particularly focusing on human doping controls and potential applications of new testing strategies to substances and methods of doping specified in the World Anti‐Doping Agency's 2021 Prohibited List.
Exogenous d‐β‐hydroxybutyrate lowers blood glucose in part by decreasing the availability of L‐alanine for gluconeogenesis
Authors: Soto‐Mota Adrian , Norwitz Nicholas G. , Evans Rhys D. , Clarke Kieran 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundInterventions that induce ketosis simultaneously lower blood glucose and the explanation for this phenomenon is unknown. Additionally, the glucose‐lowering effect of acute ketosis is greater in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). On the contrary, L‐alanine is a gluconeogenic substrate secreted by skeletal muscle at higher levels in people with T2D and infusing of ketones lower circulating L‐alanine blood levels. In this study, we sought to determine whether supplementation with L‐alanine would attenuate the glucose‐lowering effect of exogenous ketosis using a ketone ester (KE).MethodsThis crossover study involved 10 healthy human volunteers who fasted for 24 h prior to the ingestion of 25 g of d‐β‐hydroxybutyrate (βHB) in the form of a KE drink (ΔG®) on two separate visits. During one of the visits, participants additionally ingested 2 g of L‐alanine to see whether L‐alanine supplementation would attenuate the glucose‐lowering effect of the KE drink. Blood L‐alanine, L‐glutamine, glucose, βHB, free fatty acids (FFA), lactate and C‐peptide were measured for 120 min after ingestion of the KE, with or without L‐alanine.FindingsThe KE drinks elevated blood βHB concentrations from negligible levels to 4.52 ± 1.23 mmol/L, lowered glucose from 4.97 ± SD 0.39 to 3.77 ± SD 0.40 mmol/L, and lowered and L‐alanine from 0.56 ± SD 0.88 to 0.41 ± SD 0.91 mmol/L. L‐alanine in the KE drink elevated blood L‐Alanine by 0.68 ± SD 0.15 mmol/L, but had no significant effect on blood βHB, L‐glutamine, FFA, lactate, nor C‐peptide concentrations. By contrast, L‐alanine supplementation significantly attenuated the ketosis‐induced drop in glucose from 28% ± SD 8% to 16% ± SD 7% (p < .01).ConclusionsThe glucose‐lowering effect of acutely elevated βHB is partially due to βHB decreasing L‐alanine availability as a substrate for gluconeogenesis.
Interconversion of tetrahedral [(M)4∩{Mg4(L1)6}]/[In4(L2)4] and cyclic [In6Cl6(L3)6]. Enantiotopization of diastereotopic protons monitored by means of VT 1H NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Bauer Walter , Maid Harald , Saalfrank Rolf W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this review we report on the enantiomerization of tetrahedral racemic‐[(NH4)4∩{Mg4(L1)6}] monitored by means of variable temperature (VT) 1H NMR spectroscopy. The enantiotopization of the diastereotopic protons is due to simultaneous Bailar twists at the four octahedrally coordinated magnesium centres, synchronized with atropisomerization of the six edge‐bridging ligands (L1)2‐.The VT 1H NMR spectrum of tetrahedral meso‐[In4(L2)4] is coined through the helicity of the four face‐centred tripodal hexadentate ligands (L2)3‐ and can, alike the 1H NMR of cyclic meso‐[In6Cl6(L3)6], be explained by the enantiotopization of the diastereotopic protons via mesomerization.
The potential role of hsa_circ_0001079 in androgenetic alopecia via sponging hsa‐miR‐136‐5p
Authors: Wei Hanxiao , Xu Xiaoyu , Yang Shuai , Liu Chang , Li Qiang , Jin Peisheng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAndrogenetic alopecia (AGA) is an androgen‐dependent polygenic hereditary disease.MethodsDiseased hair follicles from 5 AGA patients and normal hair follicles from 5 healthy individuals were selected as specimens to carry out whole transcriptome sequencing. Multiple high‐expression circular RNAs (circRNAs) were screened from the diseased group. We further verified the presence of the circRNAs in the clinical specimens by real‐time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT‐PCR).ResultsIn total, 100 circRNAs were significantly upregulated, and 184 circRNAs were significantly downregulated. The top 10 upregulated circRNAs were hsa_circ_0101041, hsa_circ_0001578, hsa_circ_0135062, hsa_circ_0002980, hsa_circ_0005062, hsa_circ_0072688, hsa_circ_0133954, hsa_circ_0001079, hsa_circ_0005974, hsa_circ_0000489. The top 10 downregulated circRNAs were hsa_circ_0001278, hsa_circ_0031482, hsa_circ_0008285, hsa_circ_0003784, hsa_circ_0077096, hsa_circ_0001148, hsa_circ_0006886, hsa_circ_0000638, hsa_circ_0084521, and hsa_circ_0101074. Among top 10 upregulated circRNAs, hsa_circ_0001079 showed significantly high expression via large‐sample verification and clinical application potential. Based on a database comparison and base pairing analysis, we found that has‐miR‐136‐5p bound to hsa_circ_0001079 and that hsa‐miR‐136‐5p had potential binding sites with Wnt5A.ConclusionIn summary, through high‐throughput sequencing and bioinformatic analysis, a potential diagnostic marker for alopecia and a key circRNA that might adsorb microRNA (miRNA) through a sponging mechanism, thus mediating alopecia, were discovered in this study.
Alexithymia disrupts emotion regulation processes and is associated with greater negative affect and alcohol problems
Authors: Linn Braden K. , Zhao Junru , Bradizza Clara M. , Lucke Joseph F. , Ruszczyk Melanie U. , Stasiewicz Paul R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveAlexithymia is common among people who abuse alcohol, yet the mechanisms by which alexithymia exerts its influence remain unclear. This analysis tested a model whereby the three subscales of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale exert an indirect effect on alcohol problems through difficulties with emotion regulation and psychological distress.MethodMen and women (n = 141) seeking alcohol use disorder (AUD) treatment completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, the Difficulties with Emotion Regulation Scale, the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Short Inventory of Problems, and the Alcohol Dependence Scale.ResultsThe Difficulty Identifying Feelings subscale of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale was positively associated with alcohol problems through emotion dysregulation and psychological distress. The other two subscales, Difficulty Describing Feelings and Externally oriented Thinking, were not associated with any other variables.ConclusionPeople with alexithymia may consume alcohol to help regulate undifferentiated states of emotional arousal. Given the prevalence of alexithymia among people who abuse alcohol, treatment supplements that enhance the identification of emotions are needed.
Assessing the acceptability, feasibility, and usefulness of a psychosocial screening tool to patients and clinicians in a clinical genetics service in Australia
Authors: Monohan Katrina , Purvis Rebecca , Sexton Adrienne , Kentwell Maira , Thet Monica , Stafford Lesley , Forrest Laura 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIncreasing demand for clinical genetic services may impact the resources and quality of genetic counseling, potentially impacting patient outcomes. Using a psychosocial screening tool may aid the provision of genetic counseling by reliably identifying patients’ psychosocial needs. The Genetic Psychosocial Risk Instrument (GPRI) is a validated genetic‐specific screening tool designed to identify psychological risk factors that predict distress in patients having genetic testing. This questionnaire‐based study investigated the perceived acceptability, feasibility, and usefulness of the GPRI in patients and clinicians in routine clinical genetic practice. From December 2018 to January 2019, 154 patients attending an Australian clinical genetic service were invited to complete a paper‐based survey that included the GPRI. The GPRI was scored and provided to the clinician for use in the appointment. In February 2019, clinicians completed an anonymous online survey regarding acceptability, feasibility, and usefulness of the GPRI. Descriptive statistics, chi‐squared, t tests, and regression analyses were used to analyze the patient data, and descriptive statistics were employed for clinician surveys. A total of 145 patients participated (94% response rate). The average GPRI score was 46.3 (95% CI 43.6—49.0) with 41% of patients meeting the 50‐point threshold indicating high risk for psychological distress. The GPRI was highly acceptable to patients, regardless of their level of psychosocial risk. Fourteen clinicians participated (54% response rate): 85% found the GPRI not too time consuming, and 86% believed it improved patient care by identifying patient needs. All were willing to use the GPRI routinely. The use of the GPRI is highly acceptable to patients and clinicians in this setting, assisting in identifying patients at risk for distress, prompting clinicians to address concerns, provide psychosocial support, and consider ongoing referral. As 41% of patients’ scores indicated a high risk of distress, the GPRI is an important tool for potentially enhancing overall patient outcomes.
Treatment outcomes and predictive factors in patients ≥70 years old with advanced ovarian cancer
Authors: Piedimonte Sabrina , Bernardini Marcus Q. , May Taymaa , Cybulska Paulina , Ferguson Sarah E. , Laframboise Stephane , Bouchard‐Fortier Geneviève , Avery Lisa , Hogen Liat 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate treatment outcomes, survival, and predictive factors in patients ≥70 with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (AEOC).MethodsA retrospective single institution cohort study of women ≥70 with Stage III–IV AEOC between 2010 and 2018. Patients had either primary cytoreductive surgery (PCS), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) with interval cytoreductive surgery (ICS), chemotherapy alone, or no treatment. Demographics, surgical outcome, complications, and survival outcome were compared between groups.ResultsAmong 248 patients, 69 (27.7%) underwent PCS, 99 (39.9%) had ICS, 56 (22.5%) had chemotherapy alone. Twenty‐four (9.6%) remained untreated. Optimal cytoreduction (≤1 cm) was achieved in 72.4% of PCS and 77.8% of NACT/ICS (p = 0.34), without difference in grade ≥3 postoperative complications (15.9% vs. 9.1%, p = 0.37). Progression‐free survival (PFS) was 23.5 months in PCS and 15.0 months in ICS patients (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.4, p = 0.041). Patients in the surgical arms, PCS or ICS, had better 2‐year overall survival (OS) compared to chemotherapy alone (79%, 68%, 41%, respectively, HR: 3.58, p < 0.001). In a subgroup analysis, patients ≥80 had improved 2‐year OS when treated with NACT compared to PCS (82% vs. 57%) and a trend toward improved PFS. Age, stage, and CA‐125 were determinants of undergoing PCS.ConclusionIn patients ≥70 with AEOC, surgery should not be deferred based on age alone. Fit, well selected patients ≥70 can benefit from PCS, while patients ≥80 might benefit from NACT over PCS.
How much time is enough? Sentinel lymph node mapping time depends on the radiotracer agent
Authors: Eckhoff Austin , Farrow Norma E. , Silvestri Caitlin , Stroobant Emily , Intenzo Charles , Leddy Margaret , Tyler Douglas S. , Berger Adam , Beasley Georgia M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn 2014, technetium‐99m tilmanocept (TcTM) replaced technetium‐99m sulfur colloid (TcSC) as the standard lymphoscintigraphy (LS) mapping agent in melanoma patients undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). The aim of this study was to examine differences in mapping time, intra‐operative identification of sentinel lymph node (SLN), and false negative rate (FNR) between patients who underwent SLNB with TcTM compared to TcSC.MethodsPatients who underwent SLNB between 2010 and 2018 were retrospectively identified. Patient demographic, tumor, and imaging data was stratified by receipt of TcSC (n = 258) or TcTM (n = 133). Student's t test and χ2 test were used to compare characteristics and outcomes.ResultsBoth cohorts were similar in demographic, primary tumor characteristics, and total number of SLN identified (TcTM 3.56 vs. TcSC 3.28, p = 0.244). TcTM was associated with significantly shorter LS mapping times (51.8 vs. 195.1 min, p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the number of patients with positive SLN (TcTM 11.3 vs. TcSC 17.4%, p = 0.109) and the FNR was similar between both groups (TcTM 25% vs. TcSC 22%).ConclusionTcTM was associated with significantly shorter LS mapping time while identifying similar numbers of SLN. Our results support further study to ensure similar FNR and oncologic outcomes between agents.
Treatment of periorbital wrinkles using thermo‐mechanical fractional injury therapy versus fractional non‐ablative 1565 nm laser: A comparative prospective, randomized, double‐arm, controlled study
Authors: Salameh Fares , Daniely Danny , Kauvar Arielle , Carasso Rafael L. , Mehrabi Joseph N. , Artzi Ofir 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundNon‐ablative fractional laser is an effective modality for the treatment of periorbital wrinkling, one of the earliest signs of skin aging. Thermo‐mechanical fractional injury (TMFI) therapy (Tixel®, Novoxel®, Israel) is an innovative technology that is now being used for facial skin rejuvenation. Our study compares the clinical results, side effects, and downtime profile between TMFI treatment and non‐ablative fractional 1565 nm laser (ResurFX®, Lumenis, Israel).METHODSThis was a prospective study of 68 patients (64 women, 4 men) with skin types I–VI in two medical centers (34 from Israel, 34 from the USA) that were randomized to receive either TMFI or NAFL treatment for periorbital wrinkling. Patients received 3–5 treatments, 3–5 weeks apart. Six months after the last treatment, the change in Fitzpatrick Wrinkling Classification System (FWCS) was calculated by three non‐involved physicians and compared to pretreatment results. Side effects and downtime profiles were assessed in each group (including VAS pain assessment, time required to refrain from work and social activity, and time required for the resolution of redness, edema, and crusts.)RESULTSA moderate improvement in periorbital wrinkling was demonstrated in both groups, with an average improvement of 1.6 ± 0.6 in FWCS in the TMFI group and an average improvement of 1.7 ± 0.8 in the NAFL group (p < 0.001). Postprocedural VAS score was 5.86 ± 2.3 in the NAFL group and 4.01 ± 2.6 in the Tixel® group. Approximately 80% of subjects returned to both work and social activities two days postprocedure. Crusts were reported by 52% of patients in the TMFI group, compared to 16% of patients in the NAFL group more than 48 hours postprocedure (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the other parameters between the two groups.CONCLUSIONTMFI is an effective and safe modality for the treatment of periorbital wrinkling, with comparable results to the 1565 nm NAFL.
Chemically Activated SS Metathesis for Adhesive‐Free Bonding of Polysulfide Surfaces
Authors: Mann Maximilian , Pauling Paris J. , Tonkin Samuel J. , Campbell Jonathan A. , Chalker Justin M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA polysulfide terpolymer made from canola oil, dicyclopentadiene, and elemental sulfur is synthesized and evaluated as bulk structural material. The unique polysulfide structure in this material allows the two polymer blocks to be bonded together through amine‐catalyzed SS metathesis. No exogenous adhesive is required: the polysulfide is both the bulk material and the mortar. The strength of the joined polymers is evaluated by a series of shear tests and compared to the bond strength obtained with commercially available superglue. The adhesion obtained via the SS metathesis is stronger in all tests. To improve the mechanical properties of the terpolymer, carbon nanorods and carbon fibers are embedded in the polymer, with the latter leading to nearly a 16‐fold increase in flexural strength. Prospects in sustainable construction are discussed.