bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the effect of filtered ultrafine particulate matter on bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in a rat model using computed tomography, histopathologic analysis, and RNA sequencing
Authors: Kim Cherry , Jeong Sang Hoon , Kim Jaeyoung , Kang Ja Young , Nam Yoon Jeong , Togloom Ariunaa , Cha Jaehyung , Lee Ki Yeol , Lee Chang Hyun , Park Eun-Kee , Lee Ju-Han 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the effect of chronic particulate matter (PM) exposure on bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in a rat model using chest CT, histopathologic evaluation, and RNA-sequencing. A bleomycin solution was intratracheally administrated to 20 male rats. For chronic PM exposure, after four weeks of bleomycin treatment to induce lung fibrosis, PM suspension (experimental group) or normal saline (control group) was intratracheally administrated for 10 weeks. Chest CT was carried out in all rats, and then both lungs were extracted for histopathologic evaluation. One lobe from three rats in each group underwent RNA sequencing, and one lobe from five rats in each group was evaluated by western blotting. Inflammation and fibrosis scores in both chest CT and pathologic analysis were significantly more aggravated in rats with chronic PM exposure than in the control group. Several genes associated with inflammation and immunity were also upregulated with chronic PM exposure. Our study revealed that chronic PM exposure in a bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis rat model aggravated pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation, proven by chest CT, pathologic analysis, and RNA sequencing.
Pairing symmetries in the Zeeman-coupled extended attractive Hubbard model
Authors: Nayak Swagatam , Batra Navketan , Kumar Sanjeev 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBy introducing the possibility of equal- and opposite-spin pairings concurrently, we show that the ground state of the extended attractive Hubbard model (EAHM) exhibits rich phase diagrams with a variety of singlet, triplet, and mixed parity superconducting orders. We study the competition between these superconducting pairing symmetries invoking an unrestricted Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov–de Gennes (HFBdG) mean-field approach, and we use the d-vector formalism to characterize the nature of the stabilized superconducting orders. We discover that, while all other types of orders are suppressed, a non-unitary triplet order dominates the phase space in the presence of an in-plane external magnetic field. We also find a transition between a non-unitary to unitary superconducting phase driven by the change in average electron density. Our results serve as a reference for identifying and understanding the nature of superconductivity based on the symmetries of the pairing correlations. The results further highlight that EAHM is a suitable effective model for describing most of the pairing symmetries discovered in different materials.
Facet-selective morphology-controlled remote epitaxy of ZnO microcrystals via wet chemical synthesis
Authors: Choi Joonghoon , Jin Dae Kwon , Jeong Junseok , Kang Bong Kyun , Yang Woo Seok , Ali Asad , Yoo Jinkyoung , Kim Moon J. , Yi Gyu-Chul , Hong Young Joon 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe report on morphology-controlled remote epitaxy via hydrothermal growth of ZnO micro- and nanostructure crystals on graphene-coated GaN substrate. The morphology control is achieved to grow diverse morphologies of ZnO from nanowire to microdisk by changing additives of wet chemical solution at a fixed nutrient concentration. Although the growth of ZnO is carried out on poly-domain graphene-coated GaN substrate, the direction of hexagonal sidewall facet of ZnO is homogeneous over the whole ZnO-grown area on graphene/GaN because of strong remote epitaxial relation between ZnO and GaN across graphene. Atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy corroborates the remote epitaxial relation. The non-covalent interface is applied to mechanically lift off the overlayer of ZnO crystals via a thermal release tape. The mechanism of facet-selective morphology control of ZnO is discussed in terms of electrostatic interaction between nutrient solution and facet surface passivated with functional groups derived from the chemical additives.
Inferring functional traits in a deep-sea wood-boring bivalve using dynamic energy budget theory
Authors: Gaudron S. M. , Lefebvre S. , Marques G. M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFor species in the deep sea, there is a knowledge gap related to their functional traits at all stages of their life cycles. Dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory has been proven to be an efficient framework for estimating functional traits throughout a life cycle using simulation modelling. An abj-DEB model, which compared with the standard DEB model includes an extra juvenile stage between the embryo and the usual juvenile stages, has been successfully implemented for the deep-sea Atlantic woodeaterXylonora atlantica. Most of the core and primary parameter values of the model were in the range of those found for shallow marine bivalve species; however, in comparison to shallow marine bivalves,X. atlanticarequired less energy conductance and energy to reach the puberty stage for the same range of body sizes, and its maximum reserve capacity was higher. Consequently, its size at first reproduction was small, and better survival under starvation conditions was expected. A series of functional traits were simulated according to different scenarios of food density and temperature. The results showed a weak cumulative number of oocytes, a low growth rate and a small maximum body size but an extended pelagic larval duration under deep-sea environmental conditions. Moreover, DEB modelling helped explain that some maleX. atlanticaindividuals remain dwarfs while still reproducing by changing their energy allocation during their ontogenetic development in favour of reproduction. The estimation of functional traits using DEB modelling will be useful in further deep-sea studies on the connectivity and resilience of populations.
Bioinformatics analysis of tumor-educated platelet microRNAs in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Beibei , Gu Shanshan , Wu Xiaoting , He Wenyong , Zhou Hongke 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies that seriously threaten global health. The primary reason for its grim prognosis is the lack of sensitive tools for early diagnosis. The purpose of the present study was to apply bioinformatics analysis to explore tumor-educated platelet (TEP) microRNA (miRNA) expression and its potential diagnostic utility in HCC.
Methods: Twenty-five HCC patients and 25 healthy controls were included. RNA sequencing was utilized to screen miRNA alterations in platelets derived from HCC patients (n=5) and controls (n=5). Gene set enrichment analysis was performed to analyze the targeted mRNAs of differentially expressed miRNAs by using the Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases, aiming at main functions and pathways, respectively. We then verified the selected platelet miRNAs in another cohort by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) amplification.
Results: A total of 250 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, among which 111 were down-regulated and 139 were up-regulated. The functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed miRNAs suggested that their target genes were involved primarily in pathways related to HCC. Expression levels of miR-495-3p and miR-1293 were further validated by qRT-PCR, which yielded results consistent with the sequencing analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of miR-495-3p and miR-1293 as diagnostic tests for HCC were 0.76 and 0.78, respectively.
Conclusion: TEP miRNAs such as miR-495-3p and miR-1293 were differentially expressed in HCC patients, and may be involved in the pathophysiology of HCC.
OGLE-2019-BLG-0468Lb,c: Two microlensing giant planets around a G-type star
Authors: Han Cheongho , Udalski Andrzej , Lee Chung-Uk , Kim Doeon , Zhu Wei , Albrow Michael D. , Chung Sun-Ju , Gould Andrew , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Jung Youn Kil , Kim Hyoun-Woo , Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Shin In-Gu , Shvartzvald Yossi , Yee Jennifer C. , Zang Weicheng , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Seung-Lee , Lee Dong-Joo , Lee Yongseok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W. , Kim Chun-Hwey , Kim Woong-Tae , Mróz Przemek , Szymański Michał K. , Skowron Jan , Poleski Radosław , Soszyński Igor , Pietrukowicz Paweł , Kozłowski Szymon , Rybicki Krzysztof A. , Iwanek Patryk , Ulaczyk Krzysztof , Wrona Marcin , Gromadzki Mariusz , Buckley David , Dong Subo , Luo Ali 
Published: November 2021

Aims. With the aim of interpreting anomalous lensing events with no suggested models, we conducted a project of reinvestigating microlensing data collected in and before the 2019 season. In this work, we report a multi-planet system, OGLE-2019-BLG-0468L, that was found as a result of this project.
Methods. The light curve of the lensing event OGLE-2019-BLG-0468, which consists of three distinctive anomaly features, could not be explained by the usual binary-lens or binary-source interpretations. We find a solution that explains all anomaly features with a triple-lens interpretation, in which the lens is composed of two planets and their host, making the lens the fourth multi-planet system securely found by microlensing.
Results. The two planets have masses of ~3.4 MJ and ~10.2 MJ, and they are orbiting around a G-type star with a mass of ~0.9 M⊙ and a distance of ~4.4 kpc. The host of the planets is most likely responsible for the light of the baseline object, although the possibility of the host being a companion to the baseline object cannot be ruled out.
A new climatological electron density model for supporting space weather services
Authors: Hoque Mohammed Mainul , Jakowski Norbert , Prol Fabricio S. 
Published: November 2021

The ionosphere is the ionized part of the Earth’s atmosphere, ranging from about 60 km up to several Earth radii, whereas the upper part above about 1000 km height up to the plasmapause is usually called the plasmasphere. We present a new three-dimensional electron density model to support space weather services and mitigate propagation errors for trans-ionospheric signals. The model is developed by superposing the Neustrelitz Plasmasphere Model (NPSM) to an ionosphere model composed of separate F and E-layer distributions. It uses the Neustrelitz TEC model (NTCM), Neustrelitz Peak Density Model (NPDM), and the Neustrelitz Peak Height Model (NPHM) for the total electron content (TEC), peak ionization, and peak height information. These models describe the spatial and temporal variability of the key parameters as a function of local time, geographic/geomagnetic location, solar irradiation, and activity. The model is developed to calculate the electron concentration at any given location and time in the ionosphere for trans-ionospheric applications and named the Neustrelitz Electron Density Model (NEDM2020). A comprehensive validation study is conducted against electron density in-situ data from DMSP and Swarm, Van Allen Probes and ICON missions, and topside TEC data from COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 mission, bottom side TEC data from TOPEX/Poseidon mission, and ground-based TEC data from International GNSS Service (IGS) covering both high and low solar activity conditions. Additionally, the model performance is compared with the 3D electron density model NeQuick2. Our investigation shows that the NEDM2020 performs better than the NeQuick2 compared with the in-situ data from Van Allen Probes and ICON satellites and TEC data from COSMIC and TOPEX/Poseidon missions. When compared with DMSP and IGS TEC data, both NEDM2020 and NeQuick2 perform very similarly.
Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist in Very Prematurely Born Infants with Evolving/Established Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Shetty Sandeep , Evans Katie , Cornuaud Peter , Kulkarni Anay , Duffy Donovan , Greenough Anne 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background During neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA)/noninvasive (NIV) NAVA, a modified nasogastric feeding tube with electrodes monitors the electrical activity of the diaphragm (Edi). The Edi waveform determines the delivered pressure from the ventilator.
Objective Our objective was to determine whether NAVA/NIV-NAVA has advantages in infants with evolving/established bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).
Methods Each infant who received NAVA/NIV-NAVA and conventional invasive and NIV was matched with two historical controls. Eighteen NAVA/NIV-NAVA infants’ median gestational age, 25.3 (23.6–28.1) weeks, was compared with 36 historical controls’ median gestational age 25.2 (23.1–29.1) weeks.
Results Infants on NAVA/NIV-NAVA had lower extubation failure rates (median: 0 [0–2] vs. 1 [0–6] p = 0.002), shorter durations of invasive ventilation (median: 30.5, [1–90] vs. 40.5 [11–199] days, p = 0.046), and total duration of invasive and NIV to the point of discharge to the local hospital (median: 80 [57–140] vs. 103.5 [60–246] days, p = 0.026). The overall length of stay (LOS) was lower in NAVA/NIVNAVA group (111.5 [78–183] vs. 140 [82–266] days, p = 0.019). There were no significant differences in BPD (17/18 [94%] vs. 32/36 [89%] p = 0.511) or home oxygen rates (14/18 [78%] vs. 23/36 [64%] p = 0.305).
Conclusion The combination of NAVA/NIV-NAVA compared with conventional invasive and NIV modes may be advantageous for preterm infants with evolving/established BPD.
More than sample providers: how genetic researchers in Pakistan mobilized a prenatal diagnostic service for thalassemia
Authors: Sheikh Zainab Afshan , Wahlberg Ayo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhile unequally resourced partners from the so-called global South are often considered ‘mere sample providers’ in larger international genomics collaborations, in this paper, we show how they strategically work to mobilize their role in a global system of tissue exchange to deliver services for local communities. We unpack how a prenatal diagnostic service for thalassemia in Pakistan emerged out of the maneuvering efforts of internationally connected Pakistani researchers. By tracing the distributed capacities that emerged and circulated as they set about improving medical genetics in Pakistan, we outline some key conditions that led to the establishment of the service: first, the scale of unmet needs that geneticists faced when collecting data as part of their research that made medical genomics a relevant field; secondly, joint efforts between researchers and physicians that were engaged with the challenge of decreasing disease prevalence through diagnostics and abortion; and finally, the ways in which international research collaborations helped generate resources to improve medical genetics in Pakistan. To understand how genetic research and medicine is currently being developed in Pakistan, we need to ethnographically re-center our analyses in ways that allow us to identify the resourceful ways in which researchers maneuvre to secure locally relevant outcomes.
Rational regulation of water-seeking effort in rodents
Authors: Reinagel Pamela 
Published: November 2021

Significance
We confirm that rats can act as rational economic agents, making choices about how much work to do to obtain a reward in a way that optimally trades off the value of the reward against the cost of the effort. Contrary to the notion that bigger rewards are more motivating, rats worked harder in economies where rewards were small, ensuring a sufficient minimum income of water. But they chose to earn and consume more water per day when water was “cheap” (available for little work). We present a mathematical model explaining why rats work when they do (surprisingly, not just when they are thirsty) and suggesting where in the brain animals might compute the current value of working for water.
Literalization in the self-revision process of novice and experienced biomedical translators
Authors: Valdez Susana 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper explores decision-making in translation focusing on the self-revision process of novice and experienced
translators of biomedical content in the English to European Portuguese language pair. Adopting process- and product-oriented
methods, an experiment was designed to study thirty translations of a 244-word instructional text about a medical device intended
for health professionals. The data elicited from fifteen novice translators and fifteen experienced translators included
keylogging and screen-recording data. These data were triangulated and analyzed to describe the translation solutions in the
interim and final versions in response to problematic translation units and to test if, during the self-revision process, novice
and experienced translators tend to proceed from more literal versions to less literal ones, or vice versa, in biomedical
translation. Contrary to expectations, the analysis points towards a literalization phenomenon in the translators’ processes. The
data also indicates that the tendency to proceed from less literal versions to more literal ones is more pronounced in novice
translators than in experienced translators. The findings reported here shed new light on the self-revision processes of novice
and experienced translators and their relationship with prevailing translation norms, and enable us to better understand the
practices in place in professional biomedical translation.
Rethinking the ‘patron–client’ politics of oil block allocation, development and remittances in Nigeria
Authors: Iwuoha Victor Chidubem 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
This research adopts qualitative method and patron–client analysis to underscore the political economy of oil block allocation, development and receipts/remittances in Nigeria. It contests Wilson’s (1961) and Scott’s (1972) claims on the superiority of the patron over clients, and argues that ‘clients’ in Nigeria (indigenous oil block awardees) maintain some degree of control over the patron (ruling elite), enjoy more economic returns/oil rents, and possess some leverage over the patrons’ decision-making power. The ruling elite’s personalisation of oil block allocation/rents results in poor development of the upstream oil sector by ‘clients’, defaults in oil remittances and a consistent decline in oil production. The author recommends that the bidding process for oil block allocation be carried out in a more transparent and competitive manner.
Dirac procedure and the Hamiltonian formalism for cosmological perturbations in a Bianchi I universe
Authors: Boldrin Alice , Małkiewicz Przemysław 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We apply the Dirac procedure for constrained systems to the Arnowitt–Deser–Misner formalism linearized around the Bianchi I universe. We discuss and employ basic concepts such as Dirac observables, Dirac brackets, gauge-fixing conditions, reduced phase space, physical Hamiltonian, canonical isomorphism between different gauge-fixing surfaces and spacetime reconstruction. We relate this approach to the gauge-fixing procedure for non-perturbative canonical relativity. We discuss the issue of propagating a basis for the scalar-vector-tensor decomposition as, in an anisotropic universe, the wavefronts of plane waves undergo a nontrivial evolution. We show that the definition of a gravitational wave as a traceless-transverse mode of the metric perturbation needs to be revised. Moreover there exist coordinate systems in which a polarization mode of the gravitational wave is given entirely in terms of a scalar metric perturbation. We first develop the formalism for the universe with a single minimally coupled scalar field and then extend it to the multi-field case. The obtained fully canonical formalism will serve as a starting point for a complete quantization of the cosmological perturbations and the cosmological background.
Why do we choose the fastest point as a reference to measure the simple pendulum period by a stopwatch?
Authors: Kim Soyeon , Lee Soyeon , Moon Su Jin , Kim Kyuhwan , Kim Jung Bog 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Since the vibration of a single pendulum is very periodic, measuring its period is a very interesting topic. When students are asked to measure the period of a single vibration, they start and stop the stopwatch when the pendulum reaches the top point as a reference point. In this paper, we try to show that the error can be reduced more by using the equilibrium point, that is, the bottom position as the reference rather than the top position. We think it would be beneficial for students to measure the period in both cases, compare the errors, and think about the reasons for error differences. Students believe that the moment the pendulum moved slowly and nearly stopped at the top was more likely to measure the time to be more accurate. The reason for this is that they think the pendulum will move so fast when it passes the bottom point that they will not be able to start or stop the stopwatch accurately at the instant passing the lowest point. We are also able to obtain the error of the position measurement by using the recorded video of a simple pendulum.
Simple device for spectroscopy laboratory exercises
Authors: Bušovský Damián , Křížová Michaela , Kříž Jan , Loskot Jan , Studnička Filip , Šlégrová Leontýna , Šlégr Jan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUndergraduate physics laboratory exercises are very important in shaping students’ attitude to science, especially for future teachers. Recently, it is necessary to look for ways to easily create large quantities of experimental sets, not only for institutional use, but also for sets that can be produced in large quantities and distributed for use in distance learning. In this paper, we briefly describe the various ways to support the teaching of wave optics, and then describe one of the possible methods for performing undergraduate spectroscopic measurements using a 3D printed spectroscope and light source.
Normal light dispersion in laboratory experiments
Authors: Mayer V V , Varaksina E I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We propose a laboratory experiment on the quantitative study of the normal dispersion of light. A triangular isosceles prism made of flint glass TF3 is used as the object of study, and we describe a simple and affordable device for observing and photographing the dispersion spectrum on a smartphone. A possibility of the quantitative investigation of light dispersion is provided by using a modern miniature mercury lamp emitting a line spectrum of mercury vapour against the background of a solid spectrum of white light. The method of processing experimental results is stated.