bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of the chili technology package for multiple production of red chili in Karo District
Authors: Tobing S , Sipahutar T , Simatupang S , Girsang M A , Nurfaida  
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The latest IAARD’s innovation for stepping up in the productivity of red chilies is called the Double Fold Production (Proliga). Before this program started to be transferred, it was necessary to determine the existing features of the red chili cultivation technology at the study site of the Proliga program. The purpose of this study was to analyze the existing cultivation technology performance, productivity, constraints and to analyze red chili farming, and to formulate a strategy to improve the cultivation technology innovation package. The research was carried out through a structured survey of red chili farmers in Bukit Village, Karo Regency from August 2017 to February 2018. The results of the study found that the productivity of red chili in Karo District was stagnant for a decade, namely 8.28 t/ha. Area per house-hold was 0.060.15 ha. The average B/C value =-0.13. This study concludes that the main strategy to achieve a jump in productivity (from 8.25 t/ha to > 16.5 t/ha) through the application of Proliga technology innovation in Karo District was the use of healthy seeds, site-specific fertilization and Bemisia border installation since the beginning of planting.
Gilgai microtopography of soil from carbonate rocks
Authors: Ahmad A , Lopulisa C , Juita N , Suryani I 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Gilgai microtopography is a characteristic topography of soils that develops from carbonate rocks influenced by smectite clay minerals. The process of forming a gilgai can inhibit the development of plant growth and soil stability. Soil genesis is an interesting topic to study, especially concerning how moving clay forms a gilgai microtopography. The objective was to study forming a gilgai microtopography formed from the parent material of carbonate rock in Mangarabombang District, Takalar Regency. The methods used are survey methods, analysis of soil physical characteristics and soil chemistry, and soil mineral. The results showed an increase in clayeyness at the top horizon in line with decreasing permeability on the top horizon and inversely proportional to soil porosity. The cation exchange capacity is higher at the top horizon, which indicates an increase in clay content. The mineral content of clay is nontronite as a member of the smectite group. Nontronite mineral formation subsidized by calcium and magnesium cations from carbonate rocks. This mineral absorbed more water and caused the saturation conditions triggering lateral pressure and forming a gilgai micro-topography.
The growth performance of dwarf banana Cavendish from SE Sulawesi under natural shading
Authors: Muhidin  , Nurmas A , Sadimantara GR , Leomo S , Yusuf D N 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In Indonesia, bananas are an important crop, and demand tends to increase. On the other hand, due to limited land availability, production capacity is limited. The growth of banana as an interplanting plant under the estate forestry plant was the promising solution. The study aimed to identify the tolerant banana cultivar under natural shading. The research was carried out in a field experiment Faculty of Agriculture, University of Halu Oleo. The study used a randomized block design (RBD) with shade treatment consisting of two levels, namely no shade treatment and using natural shade treatment. Plant height, number of leaves, length of leaves and width of leaves were the parameters observed in vegetative growth. It is concluded that shading treatment has no significant effect on the vegetative growth but tend to increase the plant height, leaf length, number of leaves and leaves width of banana cavendish.
Morphological characteristics and classification of inceptisol in Mamuju regency, West Sulawesi
Authors: Suryani I , Nontji M , Juita N 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Soil morphology provide overview the evolution in the soil body through description and interpretation of soil profile properties as initial information in classifying soil. The research purpose is to determine the morphological characteristics and soil classification of Inceptisols in four study profiles: Kalonding, Batu Papan, Pepalang and Batu Ampat, in Mamuju regency, West Sulawesi. The research method used is descriptive qualitative exploration by survey in the field and soil analysis in the laboratory. The results showed that the dominant texture was clay in all soil profiles with a low silt/clay ratio. This was related to the high intensity of weathering due to high rainfall and easily weathered host rock and relatively high content of resistant minerals. Other chemical properties such as pH, N-total, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, exchangeable bases (Ca, Mg, K, Na) and P-available are generally low with a relatively constant distribution pattern with increasing depth. Soils are classified into the order of inceptisols in all soil profiles because they have a cambic sub-horizon resulting from physical alteration, chemical transformation or a combination of these processes. The hicks humidity regime so that the sub-order category is named udepts. The temperature regime includes Isohipthermic so that it is categorized into the Great Group Dystrudepts and the Typic Dystrudepts sub-group for the Study Profile of Batu Papan, Pepalang and Batu Ampat, while for the Profile of the Kalonding study is Lithic Dystrudepts.
Response of Melon (Cucumis melo L.) to the application of Bio-slurry fertilizer and Trichoderma harzianum
Authors: Ulfa F , Mustari K , Rifai S N A , Syam’un E , Dungga N E , Widiayani N 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study aims to determine the best combination of bio-slurry and Trichoderma harzianum on melon production. The research was conducted in Lassang Village, North Polombangkeng District, Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi from June to August 2020. The experiment was set using a randomized block design with the application of bio-slurry fertilizer as the first factor consisted of control, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mL/L bio-slurry. The second factor was Trichoderma harzianum dose consisted of 0,100, 200, and 300 g/L. The results show that the application of 75 mL/L bio-slurry and 200 g/L Trichoderma harzianum resulted in thickest fruit meat (26.47 mm). Melon treated with Bio-slurry of 100 mL/L and 200 g/L Trichoderma harzianum produced the highest number of seeds (285.2 seeds) and higher concentration of the microbes of 300 g/L resulted in the highest Brix content (6.0% Brix) and the highest organoleptic test (2.90). The singe effect of Bio-slurry treatment of 100 mL/L also produced the earliest flowering age (14.40 days), the highest number of fruits (4.10 pieces), the heaviest fruit weight (205.20 g), and the highest average of fruit diameter (24.22 mm).
Development of System of Rice Intensification and Legowo planting systems on ‘Rendengan’ planting season using various rice varieties in different equatorial rainfall types in South Sulawesi
Authors: Yassi A , Mustari K , Dariati T 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study is expected to address the water shortage in irrigated land with the use of adaptive varieties. The purpose of the study is to obtain a model of water management with System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method of planting systems combined with Legowo and the use of appropriate rice varieties for the equatorial rain-type region. The experiment was conducted in Sidrap Regency on sand textured soil, in the form of experimental research using Split Plot Design. The treatment of the water management of the wet-dry method, water saturated condition and intermittent as the main plot and varieties consist of Mekongga, Inpari-4 and Inpari-30 as a subplot. The results show that water management with the wet-dry method gives a better effect on plant height at 30 days after planting (DAP) (44.74 cm), 60 DAP (84.74 cm), the time of harvest (101.62 cm), panicle length (27.87 cm) and plots (per hectare) which was 223.75 kg (6.78 t), while the number of tillers 30 DAP (20.80 tillers), productive tillers (21.20 tillers) obtained in the discontinuous method. Development of varieties in paddy fields textured sand should use Inpari-4 in combination with water management in wet-dry method.
Growth and production of Toraja Arabica coffee on different types of planting management
Authors: Padjung R , Ala A , Allo A M T , Musa Y , Bahrun A H , Rafiuddin  
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the growth and productivity of Arabica coffee plants due to different plant maintenance. The research was conducted from November to December 2019 in Lembang Kayuosing, Rembon District, Tana Toraja Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The study used survey and observation methods with questionnaire/interview techniques. Data was analysed based on multiple linear regression using SPSS software. The analysis was used to determine the effect of plant maintenance and different types of shading trees. The maintenance techniques that significantly affect the productivity of Arabica coffee plants in Lembang Kayuosing, Rembon District, Tana Toraja Regency were fertilization methods, fertilization time, shape pruning, and pests and plant diseases control. As for the best type of shade tree that significantly affected coffee plant height and stem diameter was Sengon (Albizia chinensis) plant. The productivity of Arabica coffee plants in Lembang Kayuosing, Rembon District, Tana Toraja Regency was 0.47 kg/tree.
Application of Trichoderma on single bud Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L) seedlings originated from different stems
Authors: Musa Yunus , Bahrun Abdul Haris , Kardina  
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the growth of sugarcane seeds using Trichoderma application and different parts of the stems using the single bud method. The research was conducted at the Experimental Garden at the Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Tamalanrea, Makassar. The research took place from July to November 2018. This research was conducted in the form of a two-factor factorial experiment which was arranged based on a randomized block design. The first factor is Trichoderma with 3 levels of doses, namely without Trichoderma, 15 g/polybag and 30 g/polybag, while the second factor is the stem which consists of the upper stem, middle stem and lower stem which consists of 9 treatment combinations, respectively. -Each treatment was repeated 3 times (3 polybags/treatment) so that the total poly bag used was 81. The results showed that treatment without Trichoderma gave the best results on plant height, namely 13.91 cm at 2 WAP. While the treatment of the middle stem gave the best results on the number of tillers, namely 10.71.
Propagation of valuable tree of eha (Castanopsis buruana Miq.) using stem cutting
Authors: Arif A , Husna  , Tuheteru F D , Basrudin  , Albasri  , Mansur I , Nasir H , Asniah  
Published: July 2021

AbstractEha (Castanopsis buruanaMiq.) is an endemic and valuable species of the Castanopsis genus that can produce wood and the source of food. However, C. buruana has many constraints in its growth and development, such as limited seed production due to the plants are producing seeds very rarely, just one time in every two or three years. Another thing isC. buruanaalso has low seeds germination because of the hard and thick seeds coat. In order to increase the plant population, it is very important to do species propagation with vegetative propagation methods by using stem cuttings. Therefore, this study aimed to get information about vegetative propagation ofC. buruanaand determine the success of vegetative propagationC. buruanausing stem cuttings influenced by the application of rootone-F. The research was designed using a completely randomized design consisting of 5 (five) treatments, namely no rootone-F (control), rootone F 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm, and 400 ppm. Each treatment was repeated 4 (four) times, and each replication consisted of 5 (five) plants so that there was a total of 100 experimental units. The media used was a combination of sand: soil: rice husk charcoal (1: 1: 1 v/v/v). Thus, the variables used to determineC. buruanastem cuttings success were live percentage, sprouting percentage, number of leaves, rooted cuttings, number of roots, length of roots, and rooted days. The data were analyzed using the F test (Analysis of Variance). If the treatments had a significant effect, then it would be followed by the Duncan test with the 95% confidence level. The results showed that the application of rootone F had no significant effect on all tested variables. Nevertheless, the graph trend showed that some variables gave the differences between rootone F treatments and control. At the end of the research, the stem cuttings had not produced roots yet.
Effectivity of Pseudomonas fluorescens TBT214 in increasing soybean seed quality in different seed vigor
Authors: Mudi L , Muhidin  , Rakian T C , Sutariati G A K , Leomo S , Yusuf D N 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The research aims to assess P. fluorescens TBT214 as biopriming to increase seeds quality. Research conducted in Field Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University. Research arranged in randomized block designs. The first factor is the level of seed vigor consisting of 2 levels: V1= low vigor seeds (60-65% germination rate), and V2= high vigor seeds (86-100% germination rate). The second factor is the seed bio-invigoration technique which consists of 6 levels: B0=without seed bio-invigoration (control), B1=KNO3 1%, B2= KNO3 1% + P. fluorescens TBT214, B3= P. fluorescens TBT214, B4= P. fluorescens TBT214 + red brick powder, B5= P. fluorescens TBT214 + husk charcoal powder. (B5). So that obtained 12 treatment combinations. The variables observed in this study were (1) The total number of pods, (2) The number of filled pods, (3) the weight of 1,000 grains (g), and (4) Grain production (ton ha-1). The results showed that biopriming treatment could improve seed quality in seeds with low vigor levels or seeds with high vigor. Increasing seed quality resulted in the high potential of pod production, the weight of 1,000 grain seed, and yield. It can conclude that the biopriming treatment can improve the quality of seeds, both seeds with low vigor and seeds with high vigor.
Liming of acid soil and the interaction with soil pH and corn productivity
Authors: Chairiyah R R , Ramija K E , Batubara S F 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Liming is the dominant technology to treat acidic soils, which is indicated by low soil pH. Improvement of soil pH can be made using dolomite application to overcome aluminum (Al) toxicity and release phosphate and potassium nutrients to become available for plants. This study aims to test the effectiveness of dolomite in improving soil pH, corn productivity, and dolomite dose. Field testing was done in Pasar VI Kwala Mencirim Village, Sei Bingai District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra from April to August 2020 using a non-factorial randomized block design with seven treatments and four replications: Dolomite 0 X (D0) 0 ton ha−1, Dolomite 0.5 X (D1) 1 ton ha−1, Dolomite 1.0 X (D2) 2 ton ha−1, Dolomite 1.5 X (D3) 3 ton ha−1, Dolomite 2.0 X (D4) 4 ton ha−1, Dolomite 2.5 X (D5) 5 ton ha−1, and Standard Dolomite (DS) 2 ton ha−1. Dolomite treatment was given one week before planting by sowing evenly on the experimental plot. They showed that dolomite application to D1, D2, D3, and D4 could increase soil pH, resulting in higher plant height and corn production than D0 and DS. The optimum dose of dolomite is 2 ton ha−1 on acid soils. Liming acid soil can increase soil pH from acid to neutral and increase corn production by 1.91 times compared to without dolomite application.
Ice cream products made from processed purple sweet potatoes: a product organoleptic study
Authors: Wijaya Hengki , Slay Agsanto , Abdullah N 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The use of purple sweet potato in food processing is an effort to diversify food, one of which is ice cream processing. Ice cream is dominated by cornstarch (corn flour). The main ingredient for this ice cream is steamed sweet potato. The research method was an organoleptic test on aroma, taste, texture, and colour. The results showed that the acceptance of 26 panellists stated that the ice cream batata product was acceptable by evaluating the raw material by noting that the purple sweet potato colour remained consistent. The steaming process of purple sweet potato is carried out to maintain the high anthocyanin compounds in purple sweet potatoes.
Characterization of Cocoa Butter Equivalent from Formulated Hard Palm Oil Mid-fraction and Canola Oil Blend
Authors: Mutia R , Zaidel D N A , Muhamad II 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A search for an alternative to cocoa butter (CB) has increased due to premium price, uncertainty in supply and variability in quality problems. The study to find cocoa butter equivalent (CBE) as an alternative to CB from available and high nutritional oils or fats was carried out using enzymatic interesterification method. The objective of this study was to characterize the CBE obtained from hard palm oil mid-fraction (PMF) and canola oil blend using immobilized lipase from Rhizomucor miehei. The experiment was performed at hard PMF concentration of 50%, lipase load of 7.2% (based on weight of substrate) and reaction time of 2 hours. The characteristics observed were fatty acid profiles, triacylglycerol (TAG) composition, slip melting point (SMP) and solid fat content (SFC). CBE obtained exhibit higher percentage of linoleic acid (omega 6, 7.98%) and linolenic acid (omega 3, 2.47%) than CB (3.40% of linoleic acid) due to the addition of canola oil. TAG composition was 28.65% of palmitic-oleic-palmitic (POP), 19.52% of palmitic-oleic-stearic (POS), and 3.57% of stearic-oleic-stearic (SOS). SMP value of CBE (46.25°C) was higher than CB (32 – 35°C). The SFC value of CBE was different to CB. It was due to high amount of POP TAG, free fatty acid (FFA) or saturated saturated saturated (StStSt) TAGs in CBE produced and also lack amount of TAGs which has oleic acid at sn 2 position.
Characterization of mango (Mangifera indica L.) blungko from Rembang, Central Java
Authors: Cempaka Intan Gilang , Malik Afrizal , Susila Arif , Dirpan Andi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The study was conducted in October 2018 in the village of Kebloran, Kragan district, Rembang. The purpose of this study was to obtain information on the morphology and conservation methods of Mango Blungko. The research was directly forward evaluating the morphological characters of such mango from Rembang. In this study, the characterization of Mango Blungko was based on the description books of horticultural crops in 2017 published by the Directorate General of Horticulture. The results showed that Mango Blungko had a yellowish red flower, white petal (N 144 D), a red crown (58 B) and a red flower (59 A). It was also determined that Mango Blungko had an oblong of fruit shape, yellowish-red edible fruit (32 B), Sweet soury flavour and a pungent scent.
The effect of liquid organic fertilizer and phosphate solubilising bacteria Bacillus sp on potato growth (Solanum tuberosum) in andisol soil
Authors: Marpaung A E , Hanum H , Sembiring M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Andisol is a soil type which has very strong characteristic of binding phosphate nutrients, because bound by allophone clay minerals which can retain P up to 97.8%. Therefore, P in the soil not available for plants, while the total P in the soil is high. The availability of P for plants can be done by giving organic material and phosphate solubilising microbes. The aim of study is to determine the effect of using liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) and phosphate solubilising bacteria (PSB) Bacillus sp on potato growth in andisol soil. The design used was a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The treatments are first factor the LOF concentration {0 (control), 40.80 and 120 ml L−1 water} and the second factor the PSB Bacillus sp type {without bacteria (control), Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pseudomycoides and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens}. The results showed that the application of LOF with dose 40-120 ml L−1 water could not increase the potatoes growth compared to control. Application of PSB can increase the height and diameter (1.00 - 6.35%) wet and dry weight (1.57 - 27.28%) of potatoes plants compared to control. The application of 40 ml L−1 water LOF and PSB Bacillus amyloliquefaciens increased the number of potato tillers 41.36% from the control.
Plankton community of the lower course of the Kama River in the late autumn period
Authors: Bykova S V , Umanskaya M V , Tarasova N G , Krasnova E S , Mukhortova O V , Mikhailov R A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The features of the plankton community structure and transformation have been investigated in the lower course of the Kama River in the late autumn 2020. The transformation of organic matter and seston composition of the Kama River was affected by the inflow of the largest tributary (the Vyatka River) and by the operating mode of the Nizhnekamsk hydroelectric power station. Three structural groups of plankton have been defined: the Kama River community (upstream the confluence with the Vyatka River), the Vyatka River community, and the transformed community downstream of the Vyatka River confluence. The waters of the Vyatka River were characterized by the highest plankton biomass, which affected the quantitative indicators of the Kama River community downstream the tributary inflow. The transformation of the planktonic community under the influence of the Vyatka River inflow was manifested in the change of one dominant group (heterotrophic bacteria) to another (diatoms). In general, despite the lower volume of Vyatka runoff compared to the Kama River, 81% of the total organic carbon of plankton on weekends, and 61% on working days, was formed due to runoff from Vyatka. On the contrary, detritus mainly came directly from the Kama River waters (more than 97%). The influence of the Vyatka River on the Kama River ecosystem in its lower course and further on the Volga River was large, increasing even more on weekends as the amount of runoff through the hydroelectric power station reduced.
Impact Assessment of the Amur Sleeper Perccottus glenii Dybowski, 1877 on Amphibians in Samara Oblast
Authors: Fayzulin A I 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The author found that in the study area, an invasive alien species of fish, the Amur sleeper Perccottus glenii, lives in 35 amphibian habitats. Of these, 14 are large water bodies, coastal areas and bays of watercourses, 21 are small water bodies. Larval development is completed by 8 species of tailless amphibians when they have the same habitats with the Amur sleeper. In 4 out of 17 examined populations of the European fire-bellied toad Bombina bombina, the cessation of larval development is noted in syntopic habitats with the Amur sleeper. The author assumes that the distribution of this invasive species is one of the factors in the disappearance of the common newt Lissotriton vulgaris and the European fire-bellied toad Bombina bombina populations in the reservoirs of Samara and Samarskaya Luka National Park. In the natural biotopes the distribution of the Amur sleeper is slower due to the presence of predators-fish and fish-eating reptiles. The marsh frog and the pool frog co-exist with the Amur sleeper; the green toad successfully spawns and undergoes larval development. The absence of common species of helminths confirms the absence of trophic links between the populations of the Amur sleeper and Amphibians in natural habitats of the study area