bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, Trend And Determinants of Adolescent Childbearing In Burundi: A Multilevel Analysis of The 1987 To 2016-17 Burundi Demographic And Health Surveys Data.
Authors: NIBARUTA Jean Claude , ELKHOUDRI Noureddine , TURMAN Jack Edward , GUENNOUNI Morad , ELMADANI Saad 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Very little is known about factors influencing adolescent childbearing despite an upward trend in adolescent childbearing prevalence in Burundi, and its perceived implications on the rapid population growth and ill-health of young mothers and their babies. To adress this gap, this study aimed to examine the prevalence, trends and determinants of adolescent childbearing in Burundi.Methods Secondary analyses of the 1987, 2010 and 2016-17 Burundi Demographic and Health Surveys (BDHS) data were conducted using STATA. Weighted samples of 731 (1987 BDHS), 2359 (2010 BDHS) and 3859 (2016-17BDHS) adolescent girls aged 15-19 years old were used for descriptive and trend analyses. Both bivariable and multivariable two-level logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the main factors associated with adolescent childbearing using only the 2016-17 BDHS data.Results The prevalence of adolescent childbearing increased from 5.9 % in 1987 to 8.3% in 2016/17. Factors such as adolescent girls aged 18-19 years old (aOR =5.85, 95% CI: 3.54 - 9.65, p<0.001), adolescent illiteracy (aOR=4.18, 95% CI: 1.88 - 9.30, p<0.001), living in poor communities (aOR=2.19, 95% CI: 1.03 - 4.64, p= 0.042), early marriage (aOR = 9.28, 95% CI: 3.11 - 27.65, p< 0.001), lack of knowledge of any contraceptive methods (aOR = 5.33, 95% CI: 1.48 - 19.16, p= 0.010), and non-use of modern contraceptive methods (aOR = 24.48, 95% CI: 9.80 - 61.14), p< 0.001) were associated with higher odds of adolescent childbearing. While factors such as living in the richest household index (aOR= 0.52, 95% IC: 0.45 - 0.87, p=0.00), living in West region (aOR= 0.26, 95%CI: 0.08 - 0.86, p= 0.027) or in South region (aOR= 0.31, 95% CI: 0.10 - 0.96, p= 0.041) were associated with lower odds of adolescent childbearing.Conclusion Our study found an upward trend in adolescent childbearing prevalence and there were significant variations in the odds of adolescent childbearing by some individual and community-level factors. School-and community-based intervention programs aimed at promoting girls’ education, improving socioeconomic status, knowledge and utilization of contraceptives and prevention of early marriage among adolescent girls is crucial to reduce adolescent childbearing in Burundi.
Life Expectancy at Birth in Iran and Asia: A Six-Decade Comparative Trend Analysis
Authors: Salehi Masoud , Aziz-Mohammdlooha Mehdi , Masaebi Fatemeh , Zayeri Farid 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Life expectancy is one the key indicators for investigating the overall health status of a population. Thus, analyzing the trend of this demographic summary measure is of great importance for planning health and social services in different societies. In this study, we aimed to model the long-term trend of life expectancy at birth in Iran and also compare the pattern of life expectancy in Iran with the whole population across Asia over the past six decades.Methods: The annual life expectancy at birth data sets were extracted for Iran and total Asia between 1960 and 2020 from the database provided by the Our World in Data website. The trend analysis was performed using the joinpoint regression model. Results: During the study period, Iranians and Asians have, respectively, experienced about 32 and 28.6 year increase in life expectancy. In addition, the obtained results from the joinpoint analysis showed that, despite the noticeable decline in life expectancy during the Iran-Iraq war, the average annual percent change of life expectancy in Iranian people was about 0.1 higher than total Asian population (0.9% vs. 0.8%).Conclusions: Despite protracted wars, poverty and social inequality in some parts of Asia, life expectancy has drastically increased in this continent during the last decades. However, life expectancy in Iranians and Asians is still much lower than those who live in wealthier parts of the world. To elevate life expectancy to a higher level, the policy makers in Asian countries should put more efforts into improving the standards of living and access to health facilities in their societies.
The miR528-D3 module regulates plant height in rice by modulating the gibberellin and abscisic acid metabolisms
Authors: Liu Xing , Zhao Juan , Wang Mei , Xie Lingjuan , Wu Zhengxin , Yu Jiuming , Wang Yuchen , Zhang Zhiqiao , Jia Yufang , Liu Qingpo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

Plant height, as one of the important agronomic traits of rice, is closely related to yield. In recent years, plant height-related genes have been characterized and identified, among which the D3 gene is one of the target genes of miR528, and regulates rice plant height and tillering mainly by affecting strigolactone (SL) signal transduction. However, it remains unknown whether the miR528 and D3 interaction functions in controlling plant height, and the underlying regulatory mechanism in rice.
Results

In this study, we found that the plant height, internode length, and cell length of internodes of d3 mutants and miR528-overexpressing (OE-miR528) lines were greatly shorter than WT, D3-overexpressing (OE-D3), and miR528 target mimicry (OE-MIM528) transgenic plants. Knockout of D3 gene (d3 mutants) or miR528-overexpressing (OE-miR528) triggers a substantial reduction of gibberellin (GA) content, but a significant increase of abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation than in WT. The d3 and OE-miR528 transgenic plants were much more sensitive to GA, but less sensitive to ABA than WT. Moreover, the expression level of GA biosynthesis-related key genes, including OsCPS1, OsCPS2, OsKO2 and OsKAO was remarkably higher in OE-D3 plants, while the NECD2 expression, a key gene involved in ABA biosynthesis, was significantly higher in d3 mutants than in WT and OE-D3 plants.
Conclusion

The results indicate that the miR528-D3 module negatively regulates plant height in rice by modulating the GA and ABA homeostasis, thereby further affecting the elongation of internodes, and resulting in lower plant height, which adds a new regulatory role to the D3-mediated plant height controlling in rice.
Mutational Landscape of Paired Primary and Synchronous Metastatic Lymph Node in Chemotherapy Naive Gallbladder Cancer
Authors: Fan Boqiang , Xu Xianfeng , Wang Xuehao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Comprehensive genomic analysis of paired primary tumors and their metastatic lesions may provide new insights into the biology of metastatic processes and therefore guide the development of novel strategies for intervention. To date, our knowledge of the genetic divergence and phylogenetic relationships in gallbladder cancer (GBC) is limited.Methods:We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) for 5 patients with primary tumor, metastatic lymph node (LNM) and corresponding normal tissue. Mutations, mutation signatures and copy number variations were analyzed with state-of-art bioinformatics methods. Phylogenetic tree was also generated to infer metastatic pattern. Results:Five driver mutations were detected in these patients. Among which, TP53 was the only shared mutation between primary tumor and LNM. Although tumor mutational burden was comparable between primary tumor and LNM, higher mutation burden was observed in LNM of one patient. Copy number variations (CNVs) burden was higher in LNM than their primary tumor. Phylogenetic analysis indicated both linear and parallel progression of metastasis exist in these patients. TP53 mutation and CNVs were homogenously between primary tumor and LNM.Conclusions:High consistence of genetic landscape were shown between primary tumor and LNM in GBC. However, heterogenicity still exist between primary tumor and LNM in particular patients in term of driver mutation, TMB and CNV burden. Phylogenetic analysis indicated both Linear and parallel progression of metastasis were exist among these patients.
Propagation of Vortex Hermite-Cosh-Gaussian Beams in a Gradient-Index Medium
Authors: Lazrek M. , Hricha Z. , Belafhal A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Based on the Huygens–Fresnel integral, the propagation equation for a vortex Hermite-cosh-Gaussian beams (vHChGB) in gradient-index medium (GIM) is derived. From the obtained expression, the evolution of the intensity and the phase distributions of a vHChGB through a GIM are numerically demonstrated as a function of the gradient-index parameter β under the change of incident beam parameters. The results show that the characteristics of the output beam evolve periodically versus the propagation distance, and the period of evolution slows down when β is increased. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the self-repeating properties of the intensity pattern and the phase distribution for the propagated vHChGB are altered by the incident beam parameters. The results obtained may be beneficial for applications in fiber communications and beam shaping.
Synthesis and characterization of novel porous La2Zr2O7 ceramic with ultralow thermal conductivity and excellent photocatalytic property
Authors: Xu Baosehng , LIU Debao , GENG Liyan , ZHOU Feifei , QU Lijie , WANG Yiguang , XU Baosheng , AI Shigang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A novel porous La2Zr2O7 ceramic prepared by combining a sol-gel template method and high-temperature calcination process. The structural evolution and crystallisation behaviour of the samples were systematically characterized using SEM, XRD, TEM and Raman spectroscopy. The results indicated that the as-prepared porous La2Zr2O7 ceramic had a typical nanoparticles assembling and mesoporous structure with single-phase pyrochlore crystal structure. Meanwhile, the as-prepared porous La2Zr2O7 ceramic presented an ultralow room temperature thermal conductivity of 0.07 W/(m·K), high specific surface areas of 325.17 m2/g and a relatively high compressive strength of 11.95 MPa. What’s more, the as-prepared porous La2Zr2O7 ceramic possessed ideal photocatalytic activity owing to the unique 3-D porous structure, high crystallinity and large surface area. These reported studies are proposing some new insight to improve porous rare-earth zirconates ceramic for thermal insulation and dye degradation applications.
Effects of Change in 6-Minute Walking Distance on Hospital Readmissions and Emergency Department Visits in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Seo Yong-Gon , Oh SuKi , Jang MiJa , Kim Ho-Young , Chang Sung-A , Park In-Kyung , Sung Jidong , Jeong Dong-Seop 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease and its prognostic factor includes reduction of 6-min walking distance (6MWD). Thus, the study aimed to confirm the correlation between different change rate of 6MWD and hospital readmission and emergency department (ED) visits in patients with PAH. 139 patients were divided into three groups according to change rate of 6MWD; group 1 (≥15%, n = 54), group 2 (15%<change≥0%, n = 47)), group 3 (<0%, n = 38). The hospital readmission, ED visits, and hospital visits were compared between the three groups. A significant difference in hospital readmission was observed between the groups (P = 0.0113), with group 1 showing higher frequency of hospital readmissions than group 2 (P = 0.0261). A significant difference in the hospital visits was observed between the three groups (P = 0.0024). A positive correlation was observed between hospital readmission (r = 0.21861, P = 0.0097) and hospital visit (r = 0.35877, P < 0.0001). A weak negative correlation was observed between the ED visit and change rate in 6MWD (r = −0.25299, P = 0.0027).This study showed that the positive change rate in 6MWD may relate to the reduction in the ED visits in patients with PAH.
Prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence gene profiles of Arcobacter species isolated from human stool samples, foods of animal origin, ready-to-eat salad mixes and environmental water
Authors: Uljanovas Dainius , Gölz Greta , Brückner Vanessa , Grineviciene Audrone , Tamuleviciene Egle , Alter Thomas , Malakauskas Mindaugas 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Members of the genus Arcobacter are considered as emerging zoonotic food and waterborne pathogens that cause gastroenteritis and bacteremia in humans. However, the potential risk that Arcobacter species pose to public health remains unassessed in various countries, including Baltic states. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility and presence of putative virulence genes of Arcobacter isolates recovered from humans, food products and environmental water in Lithuania.
Results
A total of 1862 samples were collected and examined from 2018 to 2020 in the city of Kaunas. Overall, 11.2% (n = 208) of the samples were positive for the presence of Arcobacter spp. The highest prevalence was detected in chicken meat (36%), followed by environmental water (28.1%), raw cow milk (25%), ready-to-eat salad mixes (7.1%) and human stool (1.7%). A. butzleri was the most frequently isolated species (n = 192; 92.3%), followed by A. cryaerophilus (n = 16; 7.7%). Arcobacter spp. antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed unimodally distributed aggregated minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for gentamicin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin and erythromycin. However, a bimodal distribution for azithromycin was found with 96.2% of determined MICs above the epidemiological cut-off value (ECOFF) defined for C. jejuni (0.25 µg/ml). Majority of the Arcobacter isolates (n = 187; 89.9%) showed high susceptibility to ciprofloxacin with MICs below or equal to the ECOFF value of 0.5 µg/ml. The putative virulence genes cadF (100%), ciaB (100%), cj1349 (99%), tlyA (99%), mviN (97.9%) and pldA (95.8%) were the predominant genes detected among A. butzleri isolates. In contrast, the mviN and ciaB genes were present in all, whereas cj1349 (12.5%), tlyA (25%) and hecA (12.5%) were only detected in few A. cryaerophilus isolates.
Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that food products and environmental water in Lithuania are frequently contaminated with Arcobacter spp. that carry multiple putative virulence genes. Furthermore, A. butzleri were isolated from 1.7% of inpatients. Fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides were found to be more effective against Arcobacter in comparison to other antimicrobial agents. However, further studies are needed to determine the pathogenic mechanisms and factors that facilitate the spread of Arcobacter infections.
Achieving Ultrahigh Power Factor In n-type Ag2Se Thin Films By Carrier Engineering
Authors: ZHENG Zhuang-hao , NIU Jun-yu , CHEN Tian-bao , Chen Yuexing , LI Fu , LUO Jing-ting , LIANG Guang-xing , CHEN Shuo , MA Hong-li , ZHANG Xiang-hua , FAN Ping 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Ag2Se is a promising n-type material which has been proposed for thermoelectric (TE) application. Achieving high TE power factor for Ag2Se thin film to use in micro and wearable electronic systems has recently attracted great attention. In present work, Ag2Se thin films were prepared via a simple co-evaporation method, which provides an effective way for adjusting its composition. By selective modification of Ag content, the carrier concentration is optimized, leading to a PF of 6.27 μWcm-1K-2. Furthermore, the carrier mobility increased while carrier concentration is maintained after performing an annealing process, thus contributes to relatively high Seebeck coefficient and decent electrical conductivity for Ag2.05Se film annealed at 423 K. As a result, a record-high power factor of 20.51 μWcm-1K-2 at 393 K is achieved, which is the best result of the Ag2Se thin film prepared by evaporation method. This work has opened the way for environmentally friendly room-temperature thermoelectricity.
Transcriptional profiling of gametogenesis in the green seaweed Ulva mutabilis identifies an RWP‐RK transcription factors linked to reproduction
Authors: Liu Xiaojie , Blomme Jonas , Bogaert Kenny , D’hondt Sofie , Wichard Thomas , De Clerck Olivier 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

The molecular mechanism underlying sexual reproduction in land plants is well understood in model plants and is a target for crop improvement. However, unlike land plants, the genetic basis involved in triggering reproduction and gamete formation remains elusive in most seaweeds, which are increasingly viewed as an alternative source of functional food and feedstock for energy applications.
Results

Gametogenesis of Ulva mutabilis, a model organism for green seaweeds, is studied. We analyze transcriptome dynamics at different time points during gametogenesis following induction of reproduction by fragmentation and removal of sporulation inhibitors. Analyses demonstrate that 45% of the genes in the genome are differentially expressed during gametogenesis. We identified several transcription factors that potentially play a key role in the early gametogenesis of Ulva given the function of their homologs in higher plants and microalgae. In particular, the detailed expression pattern of an evolutionary conserved transcription factor containing an RWP-RK domain suggests a key role during Ulva gametogenesis.
Conclusions

Transcriptomic analyses of gametogenesis in the green seaweed Ulva highlight the importance of a conserved RWP-RK transcription factor in induction of sexual reproduction. The identification of putative master regulators of gametogenesis provides a starting point for further functional characterization.
Response of Root Development and Nutrient Uptake of Two Chinese Cultivars of Hybrid Rice to N and P Fertilization in Sichuan Province, China
Authors: Yang Guotao , Nabi Farhan , Sajid Sumbal , Kaleri Abdul Rasheed , Jakhar Ali Murad , Cheng Liang , Raspor Martin , Muhammad Noor , Ahmed Awais , Hakeem Abdul , Ma Jun , Hu Yungao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Chemical fertilization helped modern agriculture in enhancing grain yield to overcome food security. The response of chemical fertilization for higher hybrid rice production is highly dependent on optimal fertilization management in paddy fields. To assess such responses, the current research examined the yield, root growth, and expression of related genes responsible for stress metabolism of N and P in two hybrid-rice cultivars Deyou4727 (D47) and Yixiangyou2115 (Y21). The experiment followed four N (N0, N60, N120, and N180 kg/ha) and P (P0, P60, P90, and P120 kg/ha) fertilizer levels. The D47 was more sensitive toward nitrogen application, which resulted in comparatively higher biomass and yield, while Y21 was more sensitive toward phosphorus application. The grain yield was more sensitive to nitrogen application in D47 but not in Y21. Our findings were corroborated by gene expression studies of glutamine synthetase OsGS1;1 and OsGS1;2 and phosphate starvation-related genes PHR1 and SPX, which also concluded D47 response sensitivity towards N application and Y21 response sensitivity toward P application. In the case of root numbers, D47 was less sensitive in low nitrogen application N0-N60, but the overall nutrient response difference was significantly higher due to the deep rooting system as compare to Y21. The higher yield, low N and P uptake, and versatile root growth of D47 make it suitable to reduce unproductive usage of N and P from paddy fields, improving hybrid rice productivity, and environmental safety in the Sichuan basin area of China.
CircRNA-miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Liu Liyuan , Wu Shan , Jiang Dan , Qu Yuliang , Wang Hongxia , Zhang Yanting , Xie Xiaoliang , Zhou Haijin , Xu Guangxian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Abnormal expression of Circular RNAs (circRNAs) occurs in the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of tumors. We combined bioinformatics and laboratory-validated methods to search for key circRNAs and possible potential mechanisms. Methods: Colorectal cancer tissues and normal paracancerous tissues were detected by microarray analysis and qRT-PCR validation, and differentially expressed circRNAs were screened and identified. The circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network (cirReNET) was constructed, Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were used to ascertain the functions of circRNAs in CRCs. In addition, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of hub genes which acquired by string and plugin app CytoHubba in cytoscape was established. Validation of expression of hub genes was identified by GEPIA database. Results: 564 differentially expressed circRNAs which include 207 up-regulated and 357 down-regulated circRNAs were detected. The top 3 up-regulated circRNAs (hsa_circRNA_100833, hsa_circRNA_103828, hsa_circRNA_103831) and the top 3 down-regulated circRNAs (hsa_circRNA_103752, hsa_circRNA_071106, hsa_circRNA_102293) in chip analysis were chosen to be verified in 33 pairs of CRCs by qRT-PCR. The cirReNET include of 6 circRNAs, 19 miRNAs and 210 mRNA. And the targeted mRNAs were associated with cellular metabolic process, cell cycle and glandular epithelial cell differentiation and so on. 12 and 10 target hub genes were shown separately in upregulated circRNA-downregulated miRNA-upregulated mRNA (UcDiUm-RNA) group and downregulated circRNA-upregulated miRNA-downregulated mRNA (DcUiDm-RNA) group. Finally, we may have predicted and discovered several critical circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory axes (cirReAXEs) which may play important roles in colorectal cancer. Conclusion: We constructed a cirReNET including 6 candidate circRNAs, which were crucial in CRCs, may become potential diagnostic markers and predictive indicators of CRCs, and we may provide a research direction for the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer.