bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using social network analysis to examine inter-governmental relations in the implementation of the Ideal Clinic Realisation and Maintenance programme in two South African provinces
Authors: Muthathi Immaculate Sabelile , Kawonga Mary , Rispel Laetitia Charmaine 
Published: May 2021

Background
Within the context of universal health coverage (UHC), South Africa has embarked on a series of health sector reforms. The implementation of the Ideal Clinic Realisation and Maintenance (ICRM) programme is a major UHC reform. Cooperative governance is enshrined in South Africa’s Constitution, with health a concurrent competency of national and provincial government. Hence, effective inter-governmental relations (IGR) are essential for the ICRM programme implementation.

Aim
The aim of the study was to measure the cohesion of IGR, specifically consultation, support and information sharing, across national, provincial and local government health departments in the ICRM programme implementation.

Materials and methods
Using Provan and Milward’s theory on network effectiveness, this study was a whole network design social network analysis (SNA). The study was conducted in two districts in Gauteng (GP) and Mpumalanga (MP) provinces of South Africa. Following informed consent, we used both an interview schedule and a network matrix to collect the social network data from health policy actors in national, provincial and local government. We used UCINET version 6.619 to analyse the SNA data for the overall network cohesion and cohesion within and between the government spheres.

Results
The social network analysis revealed non-cohesive relationships between the different spheres of government. In both provinces, there was poor consultation in the ICRM programme implementation, illustrated by the low densities of seeking advice (GP = 15.6%; MP = 24.4%) and providing advice (GP = 14.1%; MP = 25.1%). The most cohesive relationships existed within the National Department of Health (density = 66.7%), suggesting that national policy actors sought advice from one another, rather than from the provincial health departments. A density of 2.1% in GP, and 12.5% in MP illustrated the latter.

Conclusion
The non-cohesive relationships amongst policy actors across government spheres should be addressed in order to realise the benefits of cooperative governance in implementing the ICRM programme.
COVID-19 vaccine rumors and conspiracy theories: The need for cognitive inoculation against misinformation to improve vaccine adherence
Authors: Islam Md Saiful , Kamal Abu-Hena Mostofa , Kabir Alamgir , Southern Dorothy L. , Khan Sazzad Hossain , Hasan S. M. Murshid , Sarkar Tonmoy , Sharmin Shayla , Das Shiuli , Roy Tuhin , Harun Md Golam Dostogir , Chughtai Abrar Ahmad , Homaira Nusrat , Seale Holly 
Published: May 2021

Introduction
Rumors and conspiracy theories, can contribute to vaccine hesitancy. Monitoring online data related to COVID-19 vaccine candidates can track vaccine misinformation in real-time and assist in negating its impact. This study aimed to examine COVID-19 vaccine rumors and conspiracy theories circulating on online platforms, understand their context, and then review interventions to manage this misinformation and increase vaccine acceptance.

Method
In June 2020, a multi-disciplinary team was formed to review and collect online rumors and conspiracy theories between 31 December 2019–30 November 2020. Sources included Google, Google Fact Check, Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, fact-checking agency websites, and television and newspaper websites. Quantitative data were extracted, entered in an Excel spreadsheet, and analyzed descriptively using the statistical package R version 4.0.3. We conducted a content analysis of the qualitative information from news articles, online reports and blogs and compared with findings from quantitative data. Based on the fact-checking agency ratings, information was categorized as true, false, misleading, or exaggerated.

Results
We identified 637 COVID-19 vaccine-related items: 91% were rumors and 9% were conspiracy theories from 52 countries. Of the 578 rumors, 36% were related to vaccine development, availability, and access, 20% related to morbidity and mortality, 8% to safety, efficacy, and acceptance, and the rest were other categories. Of the 637 items, 5% (30/) were true, 83% (528/637) were false, 10% (66/637) were misleading, and 2% (13/637) were exaggerated.

Conclusions
Rumors and conspiracy theories may lead to mistrust contributing to vaccine hesitancy. Tracking COVID-19 vaccine misinformation in real-time and engaging with social media to disseminate correct information could help safeguard the public against misinformation.
Liquid Biopsy for Colorectal Adenoma: Is the Exosomal miRNA Derived From Organoid a Potential Diagnostic Biomarker?
Authors: Handa Tomoyuki , Kuroha Masatake , Nagai Hiroshi , Shimoyama Yusuke , Naito Takeo , Moroi Rintaro , Kanazawa Yoshitake , Shiga Hisashi , Kakuta Yoichi , Kinouchi Yoshitaka , Masamune Atsushi 
Published: May 2021

INTRODUCTION:
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can serve as tumor biomarkers; however, their role in evaluating colorectal adenoma (CRA) is unclear. Recently, the organoid culture system enabled long-term expansion of human colon epithelium. This study aimed to examine the potential of exosomal miRNAs extracted from CRA organoids as biomarkers in the clinical liquid biopsy CRA test.

METHODS:
We established organoid cultures from normal colon and CRA using resected specimens. Exosomes were isolated from the conditioned medium organoids. MiRNAs were isolated from the exosomes, and their expression profiles were compared using microarray analysis. To identify miRNA candidates for liquid biopsy, we prospectively compared changes in their expression in serum and exosomes before and after endoscopic resection in 26 patients with CRA.

RESULTS:
Seven exosomal miRNAs were overexpressed in CRA organoids: miR-4323, miR-4284, miR-1268a, miR-1290, miR-6766-3p, miR-21-5p, and miR-1246. The expression levels of 4 exosomal miRNAs (miR-4323, miR-4284, miR-1290, and miR-1246) and 2 serum miRNAs (miR-1290 and miR-1246) were significantly lower in posttreatment sera. The combined expression of 4 exosomal miRNAs could identify both CRA and large-size (>12.6 cm2) CRA with respective areas under the curve of 0.698 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.536–0.823) and 0.834 (95% CI = 0.660–0.929). Combinations of 2-serum miRNA expression values could identify both CRA and large-size CRA with respective area under the curves of 0.691 (95% CI = 0.528–0.817) and 0.834 (95% CI = 0.628–0.938).

DISCUSSION:
We found that exosomal miRNAs derived from the CRA organoid culture could be potential diagnostic biomarkers for CRA.
Fractional Hardy-Sobolev equations with nonhomogeneous terms
Authors: Bhakta Mousomi , Chakraborty Souptik , Pucci Patrizia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with existence and multiplicity of positive solutions to the following class of nonlocal equations with critical nonlinearity:

(
−

Δ

)
s

u
−
γ

u

|

x

|

2
s

=
K
(
x
)

|

u

|

2
s
∗

(
t
)
−
2

u

|

x

|

t

+
f
(
x
)

in

R

N

,

u
∈

H
˙

s

(

R

N

)
,

$$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
\begin{cases}
(-{\it\Delta})^s u -\gamma\dfrac{u}{|x|^{2s}}=K(x)\dfrac{|u|^{2^*_s(t)-2}u}{|x|^t}+f(x) \quad\mbox{in}\quad\mathbb R^N,\\
\qquad\qquad\qquad\quad u\in \dot{H}^s(\mathbb R^N),
\end{cases}
\end{array}$$

where N > 2s, s ∈ (0, 1), 0 ≤ t < 2s < N and

2
s
∗

(
t
)
:=

2
(
N
−
t
)

N
−
2
s

$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
2^*_s(t):=\frac{2(N-t)}{N-2s}
\end{array}$

. Here 0 < γ < γ

N,s
and γ

N,s
is the best Hardy constant in the fractional Hardy inequality. The coefficient K is a positive continuous function on ℝ
N
, with K(0) = 1 = lim|x|→∞
K(x). The perturbation f is a nonnegative nontrivial functional in the dual space Ḣs
(ℝ
N
)′ of Ḣs
(ℝ
N
). We establish the profile decomposition of the Palais-Smale sequence associated with the functional. Further, if K ≥ 1 and ∥f∥(Ḣs
)′ is small enough (but f ≢ 0), we establish existence of at least two positive solutions to the above equation.
Kinetic modeling of biosurfactant production by Bacillus subtilis N3-1P using brewery waste
Authors: Moshtagh Bahareh , Hawboldt Kelly , Zhang Baiyu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Costs associated with production of favorable biologically produced surfactants continue to be a significant obstacle to large scale application. Using industrial wastes and by-products as substrate and optimization of cultural conditions are two strategies of producing biosurfactants with a reasonable price. Also, modeling the biosurfactant production bioprocess improves the commercial design and monitoring of biomass growth, biosurfactant production, and substrate utilization. In this study, the indigenous Bacillus subtilis N3-1P strain and a local brewery waste as the carbon source were used to produce a biosurfactant. The batch cultivation was performed under the optimum conditions. Models describing the biomass growth, biosurfactant production, and substrate utilization were developed by fitting the experimental data to the logistic, Contois and Luedeking-Piret models using MATLAB software and regression analysis. The kinetic parameters including the maximum specific growth rates (µ
max), the Contois constant (K), parameters of the Luedeking-Piret modelswere calculated. Yields including Y

X/S
, and Y

P/X
were found to be 0.143 gX/gS, and 0.188 gP/gX, respectively. The experimental and predicted model showed good agreement. The developed models are a key step in designing reactors for scale up of biosurfactant production.
Investigation of corrosion and thermal behavior of PU–PDMS-coated AISI 316L
Authors: Taşdemir Muharrem , Şenaslan Fatih , Çelik Ayhan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is widely used from biomedical to industrial applications due to its nontoxic, hydrophobic, and transparent characteristics. PDMS has good thermal and adhesion properties; however, its mechanical properties are comparatively weak. Therefore, PDMS is blended with various polymers to effectively improve its mechanical properties. In this study, polyurethane (PU)–polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) blended coatings of different concentrations were applied on the AISI 316L stainless steel surface. Their effects on corrosion and tribocorrosion properties were investigated in Ringer’s solutions. The blended polymer coatings were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The thermal properties of samples were examined by TGA and DSC. The surface images and cross-sectional were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Tribocorrosion tests were carried out at open circuit potential (OCP). It was determined that hydrophobicity and thermal stability of polymer coating increased, while corrosion resistance slightly decreased with the increasing PDMS concentration in the polymer blended. The friction coefficient of blends decreased as the PU concentration increased. As a result, it was determined that the polymer-coated samples containing up to 50% PDMS prevented corrosive wear under the OCP wear test in Ringer’s solutions.
Increased coercivity in recalcined barium ferrite–magnetite nanocomposites
Authors: Jafar Molaei Mohammad , Ataie Abolghasem , Raygan Shahram 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this research, mixtures of barium ferrite and graphite were milled in a high-energy mechanical milling machine. The effect of recalcination on the magnetic properties of the milled samples was studied. Phase analysis, phase transformations at high temperatures, particle size distribution, magnetic properties, and particle morphology were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, hot stage X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, vibrating sample magnetometry, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. A magnetic nanocomposite of BaFe12O19/Fe3O4 formed after 20 and 40 h milling. The average particle size for the 20 and 40 h milled samples reached 106 and 68 nm, respectively. Recalcination of the milled samples resulted in barium ferrite structure recovery. The decreased particle size due to the milling and subsequent recalcination results in increased coercivity values. The coercivity for the milled and calcined sample could increase more than 40% compared to as-received barium ferrite and reaches 3935 Oe for the sample calcined at 1050 °C.
Simulation-based ventilatory training for the caregivers at primary and rural health care workers in Central India for dealing with COVID-19 pandemic: recommendations
Authors: Patel Shraddha Aditya , Chavan Gajanan , Gudhe Mahendra , Upadhye Aparna , Lohana Vandana , Patel Aditya , Anjankar Vaibhav 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In 2020 COVID-19 made a major burden on health care system. The capacity of the healthcare system particularly emergency departments, ICU, hospital beds are insufficient to manage the increasing number of patients in cities and rural areas too. The primary health care centers and rural hospitals need preparedness for such disasters conditions. Novel and future oriented solutions are needed to effectively address the unprecedented pressure on the healthcare systems created by the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the lacunae in healthcare system at primary level, various challenges encountered during pandemic has been identified and training session in consortia with simulation based training program for the training of the doctors, nurses, attendants and other related healthcare staff of Primary Health Center and Rural Hospitals intending to prepare them for future challenges in ventilatory care of COVID-19 has been carried out. After these training session certain conclusions and recommendations were drawn which could be able our health care system to be prepared for more critical situations and we can take our primary health care system at new horizon.
Lie groups of 𝐶𝑘-maps on non-compact manifolds and the fundamental theorem for Lie group-valued mappings
Authors: Alzaareer Hamza 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We study the existence of Lie group structures on groups of the form

C
k

⁢

(
M
,
K
)

C^{k}(M,K)

, where 𝑀 is a non-compact smooth manifold with rough boundary and 𝐾 is a, possibly infinite-dimensional, Lie group.
Motivated by introducing this new class of infinite-dimensional Lie groups, we obtain a new version of the fundamental theorem for Lie algebra-valued functions.
Nanosecond-order long–short fluorescence lifetime switchable encryption with enlarged coding capacity
Authors: Luo Teng , Zhao Yihua , Zhou Ting , Qu Junle 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The turn-off fluorescent photoswitches for information encryption are constantly being developed. However, there are no reports about time-switchable (fluorescence lifetime-switchable) encryption to overcome the limitations of tunable encoding numbers in spectrally and temporally encoded libraries. Based on the double-exponential fitting of fluorescence lifetime, we propose, a fatigue-free and highly flexible switch between the amplitude-weighted average fluorescence lifetime (τm) and the intensity-weighted average fluorescence lifetime (τi), which will realize the supermultiplexed fluorescence lifetime switchable encryption. The potentially enormous library of different fluorescent lifetime combinations would facilitate the development of information security.
A Soundwalk in the heart of Poblenou superblock in Barcelona: Preliminary study of the acoustic events
Authors: Alsina-Pagès Rosa Ma , Ginovart-Panisello Gerardo José , Freixes Marc , Radicchi Antonella 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Poblenou Superblock, in Barcelona, is a crucial element in the development of the new city-planning within the framework of the Superblock (Superilles) concept, whose principal aim is to recover the cultural, economic and social exchanges once produced in streets and squares. People living in urban areas need a lower traffic density, more green spaces and cleaner air in order to restore the previous uses of public spaces in their day-today lives. The urban actions conducted at this Superblock to change its uses were completed about 3 years ago, and neighbours and workers have already taken over the new spaces. In an interdisciplinary work on urban planning and acoustics, we detail the preliminary results of the acoustic events found in the recordings in a soundwalk in the heart of the Poblenou Superblock. Fifteen people evaluate and record sound fragments with the Hush City App application, in order to establish comparisons between the different points of the route, observe the spaces arranged for people and perceive the soundscape. Meanwhile, several acoustic technicians record 5-min long audios in the different stops designed for the soundwalk. The points chosen to make the recordings are very different from each other, some of them in the middle of gardens and others are on pacific streets and finally, we also wanted to include Superblock borders where the traffic is still very present. The results of our study were promising and have encouraged us to further investigate acoustics events in superblocks and include all the perceptual information provided by the Hush City App.
Effect of polysulfide pulping process on the energy balance of softwood and hardwood kraft pulp mills
Authors: Lipiäinen Satu , Kuparinen Katja , Vakkilainen Esa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Polysulfide pulping is a method to increase the pulp yield in a kraft pulp mill. Higher production is in the core of pulp mill process development, but modifications in cooking raise questions on their effects on the other parts of the process. This study focuses on the impacts of polysulfide pulping on the energy use and production of kraft pulp mills. The impacts are estimated by calculating and analyzing the steam and electricity balances of reference softwood and hardwood mills. Energy generation using residual biomass is an essential part of the operation of a kraft pulp mill, and often a notable source of income. The results show that implementation of polysulfide cooking affects both energy consumption and production. Higher hemicelluloses content of pulp cooked using polysulfide liquor means that less organic material ends up in the black liquor. Subsequently, the recovery boiler energy production suffers. The reduced steam production together with increased steam consumption decreased electricity production, corresponding to a decline in sellable electricity of 22.4 % in the hardwood mill and 28.4 % in the softwood mill. The study shows that increasing the pulp production by investing in polysulfide cooking in stand-alone kraft pulp mills can be economically feasible.
Optimal 18F-fluorination conditions for the high radiochemical yield of [18F]AlF-NOTA-NHS complexes
Authors: Hassan Hishar , Othman Muhammad Faiz , Abdul Razak Hairil Rashmizal 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

18F-fluorination using aluminum-fluoride ([18F]AlF) chelate technique has been reported to give a low-to-moderate radiochemical yield, between 5 and 20%. Therefore, the work described here outlines the optimum 18F-fluorination condition for the formation of [18F]AlF2+ and [18F]AlF-NOTA-NHS complex with the radiochemical yield (RCY) and purity (RCP) of more than 90% as a prerequisite step before proceeding with the radiopharmaceutical preparation using the [18F]AlF-bifunctional chelator technique. As well as being simple, the suggested method is practical and relevant for beginners interested in 18F-fluorination with [18F]AlF-chelate complex technique or also for a researcher who aims to proceed on an extensive scale.
Influence of Disinfectants on Natural Textile Fibres
Authors: Drábková Klára , Krejčí Jan , Škrdlantová Markéta , Ďurovič Michal , Bacílková Bronislava 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Textiles are frequently used in bookbinding or for attaching pendent seals and thus they are an integral part of archival and library items. Any part of these items can be contaminated by various microorganisms. Consequently, it is often necessary to include disinfection procedures in the initial stages of the conservation process. Primarily, the agents employed in conservation must not harm the treated material. This work was concerned with monitoring the effect of selected disinfectant agents (ethylene oxide, Septonex®, glutaraldehyde, Bacillol® AF, butanol vapours, Acticide® MV, silver nanoparticles, Chiroseptol®) on the properties and long-term stability of natural textile fibres (cotton and silk). The disinfected textiles were subjected to three kinds of artificial ageing (dry heat, moist heat, and light) and their properties were determined by means of the total colour difference, thread tensile strength and the limiting viscosity number.
Experimental research on effect of opening configuration and reinforcement method on buckling and strength analyses of spar web made of composite material
Authors: Sen Lin , Chenxi Li , Ying Hu , Hao Cong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study experimentally investigates the effect of the opening configuration on the buckling stability and bearing performance of a structural beam web used in a commercial aircraft made of composite materials. The buckling and strength analyses on three opening configurations (circular, oblong, and rhombic) were carried out using test samples with identical web surface size. It is found that the rhombic opening has the minimum effect on the buckling stability and strength of the structure. To compensate for the effect of the opening, two reinforcement methods, using reinforcement rib and thickening the sample, were also investigated in this study. It is concluded that thickening the sample can more effectively improve the buckling stability and strength performance of beam web structure and hence has relatively higher structural reinforcement efficiency.
Interkulturelle Öffnung von Sportvereinen – Theoretische Überlegungen und empirische Ergebnisse
Authors: Borggrefe Carmen , Cachay Klaus 
Published: May 2021

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag analysiert auf der Basis theoretischer Überlegungen sowie empirischer Ergebnisse Möglichkeiten und Grenzen einer „interkulturellen Öffnung“ von Sportvereinen, worunter Strukturanpassungen verstanden werden, die auf die Inklusion und Integration von Personen mit Migrationshintergrund zielen. Es wird gezeigt, inwiefern eine nachhaltige interkulturelle Öffnung der Vereine von der programmatischen Anbindung an den Vereinszweck, von der kontinuierlichen Behandlung in den Kommunikationswegen, von spezifischen Personalentscheidungen und der Kompatibilität mit der Organisationskultur abhängig ist.
Auf dem Weg zum bewussteren Management heiliger Stätten: Balinesische Tempel als touristische Attraktion
Authors: Küblböck Stefan 
Published: May 2021

Zusammenfassung
Das touristische Management heiliger Kulturerbestätten kommt der Quadratur des Kreises gleich. Heiliger Orte verschiedener Religionen wurden zu umkämpften Zonen: Gläubige, die aus dem Umfeld stammen sowie Pilger treffen auf säkulare Touristen. Der Fokus der vorliegenden Untersuchung liegt auf der Insel Bali. Jedes Jahr besuchen hunderttausende internationale Touristen und ungleich mehr Binnentouristen aus anderen indonesischen Inseln die hinduistischen Tempelanlagen. Diese – bekannt für ihre Pagodentürme und Tore – können als Verdinglichung der ‚Insel der Götter‘ gesehen werden. Das Hauptziel der Untersuchung ist es, unterschiedliche Perspektiven wichtiger Anspruchsgruppen herauszuarbeiten und gegenüber zu stellen. Das Projekt will sowohl den Diskurs über die touristische Nutzung heiliger Stätten bereichern, als auch Impulse für ein bewussteres Tourismusmanagement setzen, das die spirituellen und feinstofflichen Aspekte der ‚Attraktionen‘ stärker als bisher berücksichtigt.