bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of plant biostimulants on seedling root and shoot growth of three cool‐season turfgrass species in a controlled environment
Authors: Acuña Alejandra , Gardner David , Villalobos Luis , Danneberger Karl 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA plant biostimulant is a natural substance or microorganism applied to plants or soil to enhance growth and stress tolerance. The objective of this study was to measure the effect of six commercial plant biostimulants on root and shoot production in seedlings of three cool‐season turf species grown in a controlled environment. Lolium perenne L., Agrostis palustris Huds., and Schedonorus arundinaceus Schreb. were seeded into tobacco float trays and, after germination, were installed in a hydroponic system receiving a half‐dose Hoagland solution. Fifteen days after seeding, seedlings were treated with six different plant biostimulants applied within each float tray and then grown in a greenhouse for 25 d, following a split‐plot design. Photosynthetically active radiation, air temperature, and humidity were monitored for the duration of the study. The experiment was conducted twice. Fresh weight, dry weight, and total nonstructural carbohydrates were measured. The study showed that humic substances and complex organic materials had a positive effect on turfgrass performance, and there are species differences in the responses of turfgrass.
A phenomenological study of perseverance and resilience through the migration journey
Authors: Cigrand Dawnette L. , Fawcett Mary , Miyakuni Rieko , Arredondo Patricia , Onderak Gail 
Published: November 2021

AbstractResearchers in this study used a phenomenological approach (Moustakas, 1994) to conduct and analyze interviews of 15 Latinx and Asian immigrants and refugees who shared their pre‐migration, migration, and post‐migration experiences. The participants were also asked to describe their perceived counseling needs at each stage of their journey. Four themes were identified: dire decisions, resilience and perseverance, trauma and loss, and human rights violations. Implications include the need for counselors to understand the journey experiences of immigrants and refugees, recognize their resilience and perseverance, and engage in advocacy‐based counseling approaches that are essential when supporting clients who identify as immigrants or refugees during their resettlement and post‐immigration period.
Understanding the impact of missense mutations on the structure and function of the EDA gene in X‐linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: A bioinformatics approach
Authors: Ranjan Prashant , Das Parimal 
Published: November 2021

AbstractX‐linked hypohidrotic dysplasia (XLHED), caused by mutations in the EDA gene, is a rare genetic disease that affects the development and function of the teeth, hair, nails, and sweat glands. The structural and functional consequences of caused by an ectodysplasin‐A (EDA) mutations on protein phenotype, stability, and posttranslational modifications (PTMs) have not been well investigated. The present investigation involves five missense mutations that cause XLHED (L56P, R155C, P220L, V251M, and V322A) in different domains of EDA (TM, furin, collagen, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]) from previously published papers. The deleterious nature of EDA mutant variants was identified using several computational algorithm tools. The point mutations induce major drifts in the structural flexibility of EDA mutant variants and have a negative impact on their stability, according to the 3D protein modeling tool assay. Using the molecular docking technique, EDA/EDA variants were docked to 10 EDA interacting partners, retrieved from the STRING database. We found a novel biomarker CD68 by molecular docking analysis, suggesting all five EDA variants had lower affinity for EDAR, EDA2R, and CD68, implying that they would affect embryonic signaling between the ectodermal and mesodermal cell layers. In silico research such as gene ontology, subcellular localization, protein–protein interaction, and PTMs investigations indicates major functional alterations would occur in EDA variants. According to molecular simulations, EDA variants influence the structural conformation, compactness, stiffness, and function of the EDA protein. Further studies on cell line and animal models might be useful in determining their specific roles in functional annotations.
Solvent free synthesis of amidoalkyl derivatives under green and convenient conditions
Authors: Sadeghi Seyyed Hojjat , Moradi Leila 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAmidoalkyl derivatives are significant compounds due to their application in the preparation of potent drugs and important biological compounds. In this context, we presented a new method for the synthesis of amido alkyl β‐naphthol and amidoalky naphthoquinones using ascorbic acid (vitamin C) as a natural and water‐soluble catalyst under solvent‐free conditions. Short reaction time, high yield of product, easy workup and low cost of catalyst are some of the advantages of this method. All the products were obtained in high to excellent yields and characterized by 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and FT‐IR methods.
Establishing reference sequences for each clade of SARS‐CoV‐2 to provide a basis for virus variation and function research
Authors: Yu Jian , Sun Shanshan , Tang Qianqian , Wang Chengzhuo , Yu Liangchen , Ren Lulu , Li Jun , Zhang Zhenhua 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a severe respiratory disease caused by the highly infectious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). As the COVID‐19 pandemic continues, mutations of SARS‐CoV‐2 accumulate. These mutations may not only make the virus spread faster, but also render current vaccines less effective. In this study, we established a reference sequence for each clade defined using the GISAID typing method. Homology analysis of each reference sequence confirmed a low mutation rate for SARS‐CoV‐2, with the latest clade GRY having the lowest homology with other clades (99.89%–99.93%), and the homology between other clade being greater than or equal to 99.95%. Variation analyses showed that the earliest genotypes S, V, and G had 2, 3, and 3 characterizing mutations in the genome respectively. The G‐derived clades GR, GH, and GV had 5, 6, and 13 characterizing mutations in the genome respectively. A total of 28 characterizing mutations existed in the genome of the latest clades GRY. In addition, we found differences in the geographic distribution of different clades. G, GH, and GR are popular in the USA, while GV and GRY are common in the UK. Our work may facilitate the custom design of antiviral strategies depending on the molecular characteristics of SARS‐CoV‐2.
Association of polymorphisms in tumor necrosis factors with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and mortality rate: A case‐control study and in silico analyses
Authors: Heidari Nia Milad , Rokni Mohsen , Mirinejad Shekoufeh , Kargar Maryam , Rahdar Sara , Sargazi Saman , Sarhadi Mohammad , Saravani Ramin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe present coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is spreading rapidly and existing data has suggested a number of susceptibility factors for developing a severe course of the disease. The current case‐control experiment is aimed to study the associations of genetic polymorphisms in tumor necrosis factors (TNFs) with COVID‐19 and its mortality rate. A total of 550 participants (275 subjects and 275 controls) were enrolled. The tetra‐amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction technique was recruited to detect −308G>A TNFα and +252A>G TNFβ polymorphisms among the Iranian subjects. We demonstrated that carriers of the G allele of TNFβ‐252A/G, rs909253 A>G were more frequent in COVID‐19 subjects compared to the healthy group and this allele statistically increased the disease risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.23–1.96, p < 0.0001). At the same time, the A allele of TNFα‐311A/G, rs1800629 G>A moderately decreased the risk of COVID‐19 (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.53–0.86, p < 0.002). Also, we analyzed the various genotypes regarding the para‐clinical and disorder severity; we found that in the AA genotype of TNFβ‐252A/G (rs909253 A>G), the computed tomography scan pattern was different in comparison to cases carrying the AG genotype with p1 < 0.001. In addition, in the severe cases of COVID‐19, leukocyte and neutrophil count and duration of intensive care unit hospitalization in the deceased patients were significantly increased (p < 0.001). Moreover, the TNFα‐311A/G (rs1800629 G>A) variant is likely to change the pattern of splicing factor sites. Our findings provided deep insights into the relationship between TNFα/TNFβ polymorphisms and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Replicated studies may give scientific evidence for exploring molecular mechanisms of COVID‐19 in other ethnicities.
Impact of the COVID‐19 lockdown in urgent pacemaker implantations: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: de Almeida Fernandes Diogo , Cadete Rúben , António Natália , Ventura Miguel , Cristóvão João , Elvas Luís , Gonçalves Lino 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsThe COVID‐19 pandemic resulted in a decrease in patients' follow‐up and interventions with cardiovascular disease. In Portugal, the consequences on emergent pacemaker implantation rates are largely unknown. We sought to analyze the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on emergent pacemaker implantation rate and patient profile.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the clinical profile of the 180 patients who had pacemakers implanted in our hospital in an emergent setting from March 18, 2020, to May 17, 2020 (“lockdown”) and May 19 to July 17, 2020 (“postlockdown”). This data was then directly compared to the homologous periods from the year before.ResultsUrgent pacemaker implantation rates during "lockdown" was lower than its homologous period (−23.7%), and cases in "postlockdown" were significantly increased (+106.9% vs. "lockdown"; +13.2% vs. May–July 2019).When comparing “lockdown” and “postlockdown,” there was a tendency for a higher number of temporary pacemaker use (p = .076). Patients during “lockdown” were 7.57 times more likely to present with hypotension/shock (odds ratio 7.57; p = .013). We also noted a higher tendency for hypotension on presentation during “lockdown” (p = .054) in comparison to 2019. In comparison to its homologous 2019 period, “postlockdown” saw more patients presenting with bradycardia (p = .026). No patients were admitted to the emergency department during "lockdown" for anomalies detected on ambulatory tests.ConclusionOur data show that the COVID‐19 pandemic had a real impact on urgent pacemaker implantation. Patients with bradyarrhythmias are at particular risk for severe complications and should seek medical care regardless of the pandemic.
Bottom‐up redistribution of biomass optimizes energy allocation, water use and yield formation in dryland wheat improvement
Authors: Li Pu‐Fang , Ma Bao‐Luo , Guo Sha , Ding Tong‐Tong , Xiong You‐Cai 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDModern wheat cultivars have been developed having distinct advantages in many aspects under drought stress, such as plasticity in biomass allocation and root system architecture. A better understanding of the biomass allocation mechanisms that enable modern wheat to achieve higher yields and yield‐based water use efficiency (WUEg) is essential for implementing best management strategies and identifying phenotypic traits for cultivar improvement. We systematically investigated the biomass allocation, morphological and physiological characteristics of three ploidy wheat genotypes under 80% and 50% field water‐holding capacity (FC) conditions. Some crucial traits were also assessed in a complementary field experiment.RESULTSThe diploid and tetraploid genotypes were found to allocate more biomass to the root system, especially roots in the topsoil under drought stress. Our data illustrated that lower WUEg and yield of these old genotypes were due to excessive investment in the root system, which was associated with severely restricted canopy development. Modern hexaploid genotypes were found to allocate smaller biomass to roots and larger biomass to shoots. This not only ensured the necessary water uptake, but also allowed the plant to distribute more assimilates and limited water to the shoots. Therefore, the hexaploid genotypes have evolved a stable plant canopy structure to optimize WUEg and grain yield.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated that the biomass shift from below ground to above ground or a more balanced root:shoot ratio tended to optimize water use and yield of the modern cultivars. This discovery provides potential guidance for future dryland wheat breeding and sustainable management strategies. © 2021 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada.
Simultaneous determination of isoxaflutole and its two metabolites in corn under field conditions by LC–MS/MS
Authors: Lan Feng , Li Qingyu , Sun Lin , Yu Weizhong , Jiang Wei , Wang Zhixin , Liu Chuande 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOBJECTIVEAn improved QuEChERS method was established and verified for simultaneous determination of isoxaflutole and its metabolites diketonitrile and benzoic acid analogue residues in corn and plants. This method was mainly used to study the digestion rule and final residue level of isoxaflutole and its metabolites in corn and plants. It was hoped that the safe use of isoxaflutole in corn can be achieved eventually.METHODThe method was completed by means of ultra‐performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The extraction of the target substance was through acetonitrile solution containing 1% acetic acid, and the purification was through primary secondary amine, octadecylsilane and graphitized carbon black sorbent.RESULTSIn the method, the quantitative limits and detection limits of the three analytes were 0.005–0.01 and 0.001–0.003 mg kg−1 respectively. The half‐life of isoxaflutole in the plants in Shandong and Anhui was 36.4 and 42.1 days respectively, and the digestion dynamics all conformed to the first‐order kinetics. The final residues of isoxaflutole in green corn and mature corn were less than 0.02 mg kg−1 of the maximum residue limit set by the Codex Alimentarius Commission.CONCLUSIONSThe residual amount of isoxaflutole in corn and plants at harvest time was acceptable when isoxaflutole was applied once at a dose of 121.5 g a.i. ha−1. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effective extraction of tylosin and spiramycin from fermentation broth using thermo‐responsive ethylene oxide/propylene oxide aqueous two‐phase systems
Authors: Yang Ting , Zheng Ting , Wang Yan , Zhang Yan , He Dong , Zeng Hainan , Wei Yanli , Chen Xi , Wan Junfen , Cao Xuejun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecyclable aqueous two‐phase systems with thermo‐responsive phase‐forming materials have been employed to separate macromolecules; however, these systems have achieved very limited separation efficiency for small molecules, such as antibiotics. In this study, aqueous two‐phase systems composed of the ethylene oxide/propylene oxide copolymer and water were developed to extract alkaline antibiotics from the fermentation broth. In the aqueous two‐phase systems with an ethylene oxide ratio of 20 and propylene oxide ratio of 80, the partition coefficients of tylosin and spiramycin reached 16.87 and 20.39, respectively, while the extraction recoveries were 70.67 and 86.70%, respectively. Coupled with mechanism analysis, we demonstrated the feasibility of extracting alkaline antibiotics using this aqueous two‐phase system, especially for 16‐membered macrolide antibiotics. The molecular dynamic simulation was employed to visualize the process of dual‐phase formation and the partition behavior of antibiotics in an aqueous two‐phase system. The dynamic simulation revealed the binding energy between the antibiotic and ethylene oxide/propylene oxide copolymers, which provides a simple indicator for screening suitable antibiotics in aqueous two‐phase systems. Our recyclable aqueous two‐phase systems provide a robust approach for the extraction of 16‐membered macrolide antibiotics with ease of operation and high recovery rates, which is appropriate for large‐scale extraction in the fermentation industry.
Rapid characterization of the constituents in Jigucao capsule using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Taiping , Zhang Mengli , Tan Zhien , Miao Jianhua , He Yanmei , Zhang Aihua , Ou Min , Huang Danna , Wu Fangfang , Wang Xijun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractJigucao capsule is a well‐known Chinese patent medicine for the treatment of acute and chronic hepatitis and cholecystitis. The chemical components of Jigucao capsule were not clear resulting from the paucity of relevant studies, which hindered the research of the pharmacological mechanism, the comprehensive development, and utilization of Jigucao capsule in clinical studies. By establishing a high‐throughput ultra‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry in combination with intelligent UNIFI software data processing platform to automatically characterize and identify the chemical profile of Jigucao capsule, 144 compounds were determined rapidly, including 34 terpenoids, 25 flavonoids, 22 steroids, 21 phenylpropanoids, 10 glycosides, six alkaloids, 13 organic acids, and other 13 components. These compounds may be the active components of Jigucao capsule. In this study, a rapid and robust method for comprehensively analyzing the chemical composition of Jigucao capsule was described and established for the first time. The results will provide a reference for the quality control of Jigucao capsule and the establishment of a higher quality standard, as well as for the pharmacodynamic material basis research.
Extraction of parabens by melamine sponge with determination by high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Li Jingkang , Jiang Yanxiao , Sun Ying , Wang Xinghua , Ma Pinyi , Song Daqian , Fei Qiang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the present study, we propose a novel method for the extraction of parabens in personal care products. A new, simple adsorptive material was obtained by combining metal‐organic frameworks and melamine sponges using the adhesive property of polyvinylidene fluoride. This new material, metal‐organic frameworks/melamine sponges, was found to be particularly suitable for solid‐phase extraction. The structural characteristics of metal‐organic frameworks/melamine sponges were first analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Subsequently, solid‐phase extraction was performed on sample solutions, and the extracted substances were then analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Following optimization of important experimental conditions, excellent recovery rates were obtained. Our novel method was then applied to the extraction of four parabens (methylparahydroxybenzoates, ethylparahydroxybenzoates, propylparahydroxybenzoates, and butylparahydroxybenzoates) from real samples. The results yielded limits of detection of 0.26–0.41 ng/mL. The inter‐ and intra‐day recoveries were 104.0–109.7% and 91.2–98.1%, respectively (relative standard deviation, <13.8%).
Preliminary Clinical Outcomes of VOIS‐Implant in Patients With Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis
Authors: Hsieh Li‐Chun , Chen Chin‐Kuo , Chang Chin‐Wen , Leu Yi‐Shing , Ho Guan‐Min 
Published: November 2021

Objectives/HypothesisEvaluation of the clinical outcomes after 6 months of treatment with a novel adjustable implant, the APrevent® Vocal‐Implant‐System (VOIS), in conjunction with medialization thyroplasty (MT) in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis.Study DesignProspective case series study at single tertiary referral center.MethodsPreoperative and 1 week, 7 weeks, and 6 months postoperative glottal efficiency (maximum phonation time [MPT]), voice quality (including GRBAS‐scores and acoustic parameters) and self‐perceived voice‐related handicap (voice handicap index [VHI‐30]) were measured and analyzed, whereas type of vocal fold closure was evaluated and determined by flexible videolaryngoscopy based on Södersten and Lindestad classification (Wilcoxon signed‐rank test).ResultsThirteen patients underwent MT with VOIS under local anesthesia. Six months after surgery, the VHI‐30 and MPT had improved from a preoperative mean of 75.0 ± 22.9 and 2.7 ± 2.1 s to a postoperative mean of 20.6 ± 19.7 and 6.3 ± 4.0 s, respectively. The mean GRBAS score improved from preoperative scores of Gpreop = 2.7, Rpreop = 2.6, Bpreop = 2.6, Apreop = 2.2, and Spreop = 2.0 to Gpostop = 0.3, Rpostop = 0.3, Bpostop = 0.2, Apostop = 0.2, and Spostop = 0.3 at 6 months postoperatively. Improved glottal closure was achieved in all patients (n = 13). Five patients received postoperative adjustment for the optimization of voice quality and glottal closure. No intra‐ or postoperative complications were observed. Significant improvements in acoustic parameters, including percentage jitter, percentage shimmer, and signal‐to‐noise ratio, were also observed after MT. All results were statistically significant (P < .05, Cohen's d > .8).ConclusionsAPrevent® VOIS‐Implantation is a safe procedure with good voice outcomes. Postoperative adjustments can be performed smoothly to optimize voice quality and glottal closure.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:1622–1629, 2022
Enabling Technologies for Obtaining Desired Stiffness Gradients in GelMA Hydrogels Constructs
Authors: Sauty Bastien , Santesarti Gianluca , Fleischhammer Tabea , Lindner Patrick , Lavrentieva Antonina , Pepelanova Iliyana , Marino Michele 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis work presents enabling technologies for the optimization of the manufacturing of GelMA‐based hydrogels constructs with desired stiffness gradients. The manufacturing technique combines dynamic mixing for gradient generation and a passive micromixer for efficient hydrogel blending. A digital replica of the fabrication process is developed, integrating theoretical and computational models, as well as experimental data, in order to predict and control the stiffness profile obtained within the constructs. The workflow for the development of the in silico framework, based on rigorous verification, validation, and uncertainty quantification steps, is presented. The validation of the digital replica is based on reference settings of process variables, which result in constructs with an exponential stiffness profile. The developed in silico model has been employed for optimizing process variables in order to obtain a linear stiffness profile in the extruded construct without the need of expensive and time‐consuming trial‐and‐error procedures. The developed digital replica is now a powerful tool for the creation of hydrogel gradient constructs for tissue engineering applications or for the screening of optimal 3D cell culture conditions.