bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of adenomyosis on IVF outcomes: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Higgins Chloe , Fernandes Hugo , Da Silva Costa Fabricio , Martins Wellington P , Vollenhoven Beverley , Healey Martin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

STUDY QUESTION
Does the presence of adenomyosis in women treated with IVF alter IVF outcomes?

SUMMARY ANSWER
Adenomyosis does not significantly alter IVF outcomes when adjusted for confounding factors including maternal age and smoking status.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
Studies evaluating adenomyosis and its impact on infertility, particularly when focusing on IVF, remain controversial. Many studies report that adenomyosis has a detrimental effect on IVF outcomes, however age is strongly related with both the prevalence of adenomyosis and worse reproductive outcomes.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
A prospective cohort study of women undergoing 4002 IVF cycles who had undergone a screening ultrasound assessing features of adenomyosis from 1 January 2016 to 31 March 2018 at a multi-site private fertility clinic. Of these women, 1228 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and commenced an IVF cycle, with a subset of 715 women undergoing an embryo transfer (ET). Women were defined as having adenomyosis if there was sonographic evidence of adenomyosis on ultrasound as per the Morphological Uterus Sonographic Assessment criteria, and were then compared to women without.

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
All women at a private multi-site IVF clinic who underwent a standardised ultrasound to identify features of adenomyosis and also commenced an IVF cycle were assessed for their outcomes. These included clinical pregnancy (defined as the presence of a gestational sac on ultrasound at 7 weeks’ gestation), clinical pregnancy loss, number of cancelled cycles, number of useful embryos for transfer or freezing and live birth rates. As a secondary aim, initiated stimulation cycles and those that had an ET were analysed separately to determine when an effect of adenomyosis on IVF might occur: during stimulation or transfer.

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
When adjusting for confounders, women with and without sonographic features of adenomyosis had no significant differences in most of their IVF outcomes including live birth rates.

LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
Adenomyosis had a detrimental impact on IVF outcomes prior to adjusting for confounding factors. No allowance was made for the possibility that confounding factors may merely reduce the effect size of adenomyosis on IVF outcomes. Second, despite a power calculation, the study was underpowered as not all fresh cycles led to an ET.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
This is one of the largest studies to evaluate adenomyosis and IVF outcomes, while also importantly adjusting for confounding factors. The results suggest that adenomyosis does not have the detrimental impact on IVF that has previously been suggested, possibly reducing the importance of screening for and treating this entity.

STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)
The study received no external funding. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
ACTRN12617000796381.
Skippers’ preferred adaptation and transformation responses to catch declines in a large-scale tuna fishery
Authors: Rubio Iratxe , Hobday Alistair J , Ojea Elena 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
At first glance, large-scale fisheries may seem adaptable to climate change. Adaptation takes place from the governance to the individual level of fishers. At the individual level, skippers make day-to-day decisions on where to fish and are at the forefront of the response to changes at sea. We seek to understand such individual adaptation in large-scale fisheries, using the case of the Spanish tropical tuna fishery. We surveyed 22% of Spanish freezer purse seine skippers operating in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. In the last 10 years, more than half of skippers used new technology to search for tunas and expanded their fishing area as adaptation actions. Using cluster analysis, we identified two skipper groups—based on stated behaviours to confront different hypothetical scenarios of catch decline—that would follow adaptation or transformation strategies. The majority of skippers would follow adaptation strategies until a hypothetical 30% catch decrease and then choices diverge. Skipper characteristics, such as importance given to intergenerational knowledge, perceptions of change in tropical tuna abundance, and years working in the current job, can explain the adaptation and transformation choices. These findings help understand the potential for adaptation behaviour by skippers involved in fisheries confronting catch declines.
Adult exposure to ocean acidification and warming remains beneficial for oyster larvae following starvation
Authors: Gibbs Mitchell C , Parker Laura M , Scanes Elliot , Byrne Maria , O’Connor Wayne A , Ross Pauline M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Climate change is expected to warm and acidify oceans and alter the phenology of phytoplankton, creating a mismatch between larvae and their food. Transgenerational plasticity (TGP) may allow marine species to acclimate to climate change; however, it is expected that this may come with elevated energetic demands. This study used the oysters, Saccostrea glomerata and Crassostrea gigas, to test the effects of adult parental exposure to elevated pCO2 and temperature on larvae during starvation and recovery. It was anticipated that beneficial effects of TGP will be limited when larvae oyster are starved. Transgenerational responses and lipid reserves of larvae were measured for 2 weeks. Larvae of C. gigas and S. glomerata from parents exposed to elevated pCO2 had greater survival when exposed to elevated CO2, but this differed between species and temperature. For S. glomerata, survival of larvae was greatest when the conditions experienced by larvae matched the condition of their parents. For C. gigas, survival of larvae was greater when parents and larvae were exposed to elevated pCO2. Larvae of both species used lipids when starved. The total lipid content was dependent on parental exposure and temperature. Against expectations, the beneficial TGP responses of larvae remained, despite starvation.
Sublobar resection with intraoperative brachytherapy versus sublobar resection alone for early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Enli , Wang Juan , Jia Chenfei , Min Xueya , Zhang Hongtao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes for sublobar resection (SR) or SR plus intraoperative brachytherapy (SRB) for clinical stage I non-small-cell lung cancer.

METHODS
A systematic search was performed in the EMBASE, PubMed and Cochrane Library databases to identify related studies comparing SR to SRB. Data were collected on local recurrence (LR) as a primary outcome and regional or distant recurrence, overall survival and disease-free survival (DFS) as secondary outcomes. Meta-analysis was carried out using Stata 12.0.

RESULTS
A total of 476 patients received SRB, and 617 received SR across 5 studies. Meta-analysis of LR, regional or distant recurrence, overall survival and disease-free survival rates showed no significant difference between SRB and SR groups. However, when biologically effective dose (BED) was &gt;100 Gy, LR rate was lower in the SRB group than in the SR group (Relative risk [RR] = 0.143, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.051-0.397) (p &lt; 0.001). When BED was &lt;100 Gy, no significant difference was found in LR rate between SRB and SR groups (SRB versus SR: RR = 1.132, 95%CI: 0.704-1.821) (p = 0.608).

CONCLUSIONS
Intraoperative brachytherapy was not associated with reduced risk of regional or distant metastasis or improved outcomes for patients with clinical stage I non-small-cell lung cancer; however, it might reduce the LR rate when BED was &gt;100 Gy.
Duals of Semisimple Poisson–Lie Groups and Cluster Theory of Moduli Spaces of G-local Systems
Authors: Shen Linhui 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We study the dual $\textrm{G}^{\ast }$ of a standard semisimple Poisson–Lie group $\textrm{G}$ from a perspective of cluster theory. We show that the coordinate ring $\mathcal{O}(\textrm{G}^{\ast })$ can be naturally embedded into a quotient algebra of a cluster Poisson algebra with a Weyl group action. The coordinate ring $\mathcal{O}(\textrm{G}^{\ast })$ admits a natural basis, which has positive integer structure coefficients and satisfies an invariance property under a braid group action. We continue the study of the moduli space $\mathscr{P}_{\textrm{G},{{\mathbb{S}}}}$ of $\textrm{G}$-local systems introduced in [ 16] and prove that the coordinate ring of $\mathscr{P}_{\textrm{G}, {{\mathbb{S}}}}$ coincides with its underlying cluster Poisson algebra.
Uniform Rectifiability, Elliptic Measure, Square Functions, and ε-Approximability Via an ACF Monotonicity Formula
Authors: Azzam Jonas , Garnett John , Mourgoglou Mihalis , Tolsa Xavier 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Let $\Omega \subset{{\mathbb{R}}}^{n+1}$, $n\geq 2$, be an open set with Ahlfors regular boundary that satisfies the corkscrew condition. We consider a uniformly elliptic operator $L$ in divergence form associated with a matrix $A$ with real, merely bounded and possibly nonsymmetric coefficients, which are also locally Lipschitz and satisfy suitable Carleson type estimates. In this paper we show that if $L^*$ is the operator in divergence form associated with the transpose matrix of $A$, then $\partial \Omega $ is uniformly $n$-rectifiable if and only if every bounded solution of $Lu=0$ and every bounded solution of $L^*v=0$ in $\Omega $ is $\varepsilon $-approximable if and only if every bounded solution of $Lu=0$ and every bounded solution of $L^*v=0$ in $\Omega $ satisfies a suitable square-function Carleson measure estimate. Moreover, we obtain two additional criteria for uniform rectifiability. One is given in terms of the so-called “$S&lt;N$” estimates, and another in terms of a suitable corona decomposition involving $L$-harmonic and $L^*$-harmonic measures. We also prove that if $L$-harmonic measure and $L^*$-harmonic measure satisfy a weak $A_\infty $-type condition, then $\partial \Omega $ is $n$-uniformly rectifiable. In the process we obtain a version of the Alt-Caffarelli-Friedman monotonicity formula for a fairly wide class of elliptic operators which is of independent interest and plays a fundamental role in our arguments.
Modeling Optimal Laboratory Testing Strategies for Bacterial Meningitis Surveillance in Africa
Authors: Walker Joseph , Soeters Heidi M , Novak Ryan , Diallo Alpha Oumar , Vuong Jeni , Bicaba Brice Wilfried , Medah Isaie , Yaméogo Issaka , Ouédraogo-Traoré Rasmata , Gamougame Kadidja , Moto Daugla Doumagoum , Dembélé Assétou Y , Guindo Ibrehima , Coulibaly Souleymane , Issifou Djibo , Zaneidou Maman , Assane Hamadi , Nikiema Christelle , Sadji Adodo , Fernandez Katya , Mwenda Jason M , Bita Andre , Lingani Clément , Tall Haoua , Tarbangdo Félix , Sawadogo Guetwende , Paye Marietou F , Wang Xin , McNamara Lucy A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Since 2010, the introduction of an effective serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccine has led to the near-elimination of invasive Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A disease in Africa’s meningitis belt. However, a significant burden of disease and epidemics due to other bacterial meningitis pathogens remain in the region. High-quality surveillance data with laboratory confirmation is important to monitor circulating bacterial meningitis pathogens and design appropriate interventions, but complete testing of all reported cases is often infeasible. Here, we use case-based surveillance data from 5 countries in the meningitis belt to determine how accurately estimates of the distribution of causative pathogens would represent the true distribution under different laboratory testing strategies. Detailed case-based surveillance data was collected by the MenAfriNet surveillance consortium in up to 3 seasons from participating districts in 5 countries. For each unique country-season pair, we simulated the accuracy of laboratory surveillance by repeatedly drawing subsets of tested cases and calculating the margin of error of the estimated proportion of cases caused by each pathogen (the greatest pathogen-specific absolute error in proportions between the subset and the full set of cases). Across the 12 country-season pairs analyzed, the 95% credible intervals around estimates of the proportion of cases caused by each pathogen had median widths of ±0.13, ±0.07, and ±0.05, respectively, when random samples of 25%, 50%, and 75% of cases were selected for testing. The level of geographic stratification in the sampling process did not meaningfully affect accuracy estimates. These findings can inform testing thresholds for laboratory surveillance programs in the meningitis belt.
Real communities of virtual plants explain biodiversity on just three assumptions
Authors: Hunt Roderick , Colasanti Ric L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To illuminate mechanisms supporting diversity in plant communities, we construct 2D cellular automata and ‘grow’ virtual plants in real experiments. The plants are 19 different, fully validated functional types drawn from universal adaptive strategy theory. The scale of approach is far beyond that of even the most ambitious investigations in the physical world. By simulating 496 billion plant–environment interactions, we succeed in creating conditions that sustain high diversity realistically and indefinitely. Our simulations manipulate the levels of, and degree of heterogeneity in the supply of, resources, external disturbances and invading propagules. We fail to reproduce this outcome when we adopt the assumptions of unified neutral theory. The 19 functional types in our experiments respond in complete accordance with universal adaptive strategy theory. We find that spatial heterogeneity is a strong contributor to long-term diversity, but temporal heterogeneity is less so. The strongest support of all comes when an incursion of propagules is simulated. We enter caveats and suggest further directions for working with cellular automata in plant science. We conclude that although (i) the differentiation of plant life into distinct functional types, (ii) the presence of environmental heterogeneity and (iii) the opportunity for invasion by propagules can all individually promote plant biodiversity, all three appear to be necessary simultaneously for its long-term maintenance. Though further, and possibly more complex, sets of processes could additionally be involved, we consider it unlikely that any set of conditions more minimal than those described here would be sufficient to deliver the same outcome.
Ancient grains as novel dietary carbohydrate sources in canine diets
Authors: Traughber Zachary T , He Fei , Hoke Jolene M , Davenport Gary M , Rodriguez-Zas Sandra L , Southey Bruce R , de Godoy Maria R C 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Ancient grains are becoming an increasingly abundant carbohydrate source in the pet food market as a result of their popularity and novelty in the human market. Thus, it is imperative to evaluate the characteristics of these ingredients in vivo. Ten adult intact female beagles were used in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design. Five dietary treatments were evaluated containing either: rice (CON), amaranth (AM), white proso millet (WPM), quinoa (QU), or oat groats (OG). All diets were formulated to include 40% of the test grain and to be isonitrogenous, isocaloric, and nutritionally complete and balanced for adult dogs at maintenance. The objectives were 1) to evaluate the effects of the novel carbohydrate sources on total apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), fecal microbiota, and fermentative end-product concentrations and 2) to evaluate the effects of novel carbohydrate sources on the postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses in healthy adult dogs. All diets were well accepted by the dogs and fecal scores remained within the ideal range for all treatments. In terms of ATTD, all diets were well digested by the dogs; WPM had the highest digestibility of dry and organic matter in contrast with dogs fed the other treatments (P &lt; 0.05). Additionally, ATTD of total dietary fiber was highest for WPM (72.6%) in contrast with QU (63.5%) and CON (50.8%) but did not differ from AM (65.7%) and OG (66.6%). Dogs fed AM or OG had greater (P &lt; 0.05) fecal concentrations of total short-chain fatty acids, as well as propionate and butyrate concentrations, than CON. Ancient grain inclusion appears to beneficially shift fecal microbial populations, with increases in relative abundances of butyrogenic bacteria (i.e., members of the Lachnospiraceae family) observed for OG and reductions in Fusobacteriaceae for both AM and OG when compared with CON. Postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses did not differ among treatments. Together, these data suggest that ancient grains can be included up to 40% of the diet while eliciting beneficial effects on the overall host health without detrimentally affecting nutrient digestibility.
Regulation of HP1 protein by phosphorylation during transcriptional repression and cell cycle
Authors: Oki Masaya , Masai Hisao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
HP1 (heterochromatin protein 1), a key factor for the formation of heterochromatin, binds to the methylated lysine 9 of histone H3 (H3K9me) and represses transcription. While the H3K9me mark and HP1 binding are thought to be faithfully propagated to daughter cells, the heterochromatin structure could be dynamically regulated during cell cycle. As evidenced by the well-known phenomenon called position effect variegation (PEV), heterochromatin structure is dynamically and stochastically altered during developmental processes, and thus the expression of genes within or in the vicinity of heterochromatin could be affected by mutations in factors regulating DNA replication as well as by other epigenetic factors. Recent reports show that HP1 also plays an important role in the maintenance and transmission of chromosomes. Like many other factors ensuring faithful chromosome segregation, HP1 family proteins are subjected to posttranslational modifications, most notably phosphorylation, in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Recent studies identified a conserved phosphorylation site that profoundly affects the functions of HP1 during mitotic phase. In this commentary, we discuss dynamic regulation of HP1 protein by phosphorylation during transcriptional repression and cell cycle.
Adjuvant radiotherapy for cervical cancer in South Korea: a radiation oncology survey of the Korean Radiation Oncology Group (KROG 20-06)
Authors: Kim Nalee , Park Won 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective
Radiation therapy plays an important role in adjuvant treatment for surgically treated cervical cancer with adverse pathological findings. This was the first study to evaluate current practices of adjuvant radiation therapy among centres affiliated with the Korean Radiation Oncology Group.

Methods
A survey containing specific questions on the demographics in 2019, indications of adjuvant treatment, radiation therapy field, prescription radiation therapy dose, boost radiation therapy and chemotherapy was sent out by e-mail to 93 centres.

Results
The overall response rate was 62.4%. Regarding radiation therapy techniques, intensity-modulated radiation therapy was adopted in most institutions (41/58, 70.7%). Various risk group criteria were selected for adjuvant radiation therapy and concurrent chemoradiation therapy. One or two risk factors among tumour size, depth of invasion and lymphovascular invasion were considered for adjuvant radiation therapy by 20.7 and 60.3% of the respondents, respectively. The following criteria for concurrent chemoradiation therapy were considered by 60.3% of the respondents: parametrial extension, positive resection margin or lymph node metastasis. Various upper borders were preferred for pelvic radiation therapy by the institutions, and a total dose of 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions was the most prescribed dose scheme (37/58, 63.8%). Lymph node bed boost radiation therapy and vaginal cuff brachytherapy were considered for selected patients by 22.4% (13/58) and 60.3% (35/58) of the institutions.

Conclusion
This survey demonstrated the practice patterns of adjuvant treatment that are prevalent in the field of radiation oncology among members of the Korean Radiation Oncology Group. These findings warrant further consensus on radiation therapy guidelines in the context of adjuvant treatment for cervical cancer.
Nongenetic Determinants of Risk for Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Archambault Alexi N , Lin Yi , Jeon Jihyoun , Harrison Tabitha A , Bishop D Timothy , Brenner Hermann , Casey Graham , Chan Andrew T , Chang-Claude Jenny , Figueiredo Jane C , Gallinger Steven , Gruber Stephen B , Gunter Marc J , Hoffmeister Michael , Jenkins Mark A , Keku Temitope O , Marchand Loïc Le , Li Li , Moreno Victor , Newcomb Polly A , Pai Rish , Parfrey Patrick S , Rennert Gad , Sakoda Lori C , Sandler Robert S , Slattery Martha L , Song Mingyang , Win Aung Ko , Woods Michael O , Murphy Neil , Campbell Peter T , Su Yu-Ru , Zeleniuch-Jacquotte Anne , Liang Peter S , Du Mengmeng , Hsu Li , Peters Ulrike , Hayes Richard B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Incidence of early-onset (younger than 50 years of age) colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing in many countries. Thus, elucidating the role of traditional CRC risk factors in early-onset CRC is a high priority. We sought to determine whether risk factors associated with late-onset CRC were also linked to early-onset CRC and whether association patterns differed by anatomic subsite.

Methods
Using data pooled from 13 population-based studies, we studied 3767 CRC cases and 4049 controls aged younger than 50 years and 23 437 CRC cases and 35 311 controls aged 50 years and older. Using multivariable and multinomial logistic regression, we estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the association between risk factors and early-onset CRC and by anatomic subsite.

Results
Early-onset CRC was associated with not regularly using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.21 to 1.68), greater red meat intake (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.16), lower educational attainment (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.16), alcohol abstinence (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.08 to 1.39), and heavier alcohol use (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.50). No factors exhibited a greater excess in early-onset compared with late-onset CRC. Evaluating risks by anatomic subsite, we found that lower total fiber intake was linked more strongly to rectal (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.14 to 1.48) than colon cancer (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.27; P = .04).

Conclusion
In this large study, we identified several nongenetic risk factors associated with early-onset CRC, providing a basis for targeted identification of those most at risk, which is imperative in mitigating the rising burden of this disease.