bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three steps approach for preoperative evaluation of tetralogy of Fallot patients: role of 128 MDCT
Authors: Moustafa Sherif Abd El Fattah , Hussein Manar Mansour , Sultan Amina Ahmed , Bilal Maha Mohamed Zaki , El Gamal Mohamed Adel Fetoh , Sobh Donia Mohamed 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common congenital cyanotic heart disease. Advances in surgical repair recently facilitate survival of the affected patients into adulthood with good quality of life. Despite imaging plays crucial role in diagnosis of TOF patients, no single diagnostic modality suffices for complete evaluation of TOF. Thus, different diagnostic tools should be used alone or in combination according to patient’s clinical question. This study aims to find out the agreement between the echocardiography and MDCT in evaluation of TOF patients prior to surgical repair.

Results
Three-step approach used in scanning TOF patients. Firstly, classic TOF findings, MDCT was comparable to echocardiography in overriding aorta (k = 0.6), VSD (k = 0.8), RVH (k = 0.4), and sub valvular pulmonary stenosis (k = 0.6). Echocardiography is superior to MDCT in evaluation of valvular stenosis (k = 0.4). MDCT was superior to echocardiography in supravalvular pulmonary stenosis. Secondary, surgical relevant findings, McGoon ratio calculated in 94.2%, small and major APCs in 45.5% and 28.5% respectively, PDA in 35% and anomalous coronary artery in 5.1%. Thirdly, other TOF-associated anomalies, common: ASD (34.3%) and RAA (28.3%), and persistent LSVC (10.3%). Uncommon: situs ambiguous (2.5 %), PAPVR (1.2%), and IVC anomalies (3.8%). MDCT was superior to echocardiography in surgical relevant findings and other TOF-associated anomalies.

Conclusion
MDCT is a crucial imaging tool for extra cardiac evaluation of TOF patients prior to surgical repair.
Cytotoxic lesion of corpus callosum in cerebral venous thrombosis—a case report
Authors: Ghosh Tamaghna , Tanwar Simran , Chumber Shishir , Vani Kavita 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Veiled by a myriad of monikers, there has been a growing recognition of cytotoxic lesions in the splenium of the corpus callosum as a distinct clinical entity. Despite the varied nomenclature, they all describe restricting callosal lesions on diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging with near-complete reversibility on therapy. The currently accepted terminology for these lesions is cytotoxic lesions of the corpus callosum (CLOCC). Only one case of CLOCC associated with cerebral venous Thrombosis has been reported in literature to date.

Case presentation
While these lesions have most commonly been linked to antiepileptic drug therapy, we describe a case of a young adult who developed CLOCC in the background of cerebral venous thrombosis. We hypothesize that occlusion of the posterior pericallosal vein led to the lesion in the splenium. Early institution of anticoagulation therapy resulted in complete reversal of the abnormality, leading to full clinical recovery.

Conclusion
Cytotoxic lesions of the corpus callosum may rarely be associated with cerebral venous thrombosis. We emphasize the need for greater awareness, early imaging and aggressive therapy of this potentially curable entity. We further highlight cerebral venous thrombosis as a cause for CLOCC.
Determinants for the use and de-implementation of low-value care in health care: a scoping review
Authors: Augustsson Hanna , Ingvarsson Sara , Nilsen Per , von Thiele Schwarz Ulrica , Muli Irene , Dervish Jessica , Hasson Henna 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
A considerable proportion of interventions provided to patients lack evidence of their effectiveness. This implies that patients may receive ineffective, unnecessary or even harmful care. However, despite some empirical studies in the field, there has been no synthesis of determinants impacting the use of low-value care (LVC) and the process of de-implementing LVC.

Aim
The aim was to identify determinants influencing the use of LVC, as well as determinants for de-implementation of LVC practices in health care.

Methods
A scoping review was performed based on the framework by Arksey and O’Malley. We searched four scientific databases, conducted snowball searches of relevant articles and hand searched the journal Implementation Science for peer-reviewed journal articles in English. Articles were included if they were empirical studies reporting on determinants for the use of LVC or de-implementation of LVC. The abstract review and the full-text review were conducted in duplicate and conflicting decisions were discussed until consensus was reached. Data were charted using a piloted data charting form and the determinants were inductively coded and categorised in an iterative process conducted by the project group.

Results
In total, 101 citations were included in the review. Of these, 92 reported on determinants for the use of LVC and nine on determinants for de-implementation. The studies were conducted in a range of health care settings and investigated a variety of LVC practices with LVC medication prescriptions, imaging and screening procedures being the most common. The identified determinants for the use of LVC as well as for de-implementation of LVC practices broadly concerned: patients, professionals, outer context, inner context, process and evidence and LVC practice. The results were discussed in relation to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

Conclusion
The identified determinants largely overlap with existing implementation frameworks, although patient expectations and professionals’ fear of malpractice appear to be more prominent determinants for the use and de-implementation of LVC. Thus, existing implementation determinant frameworks may require adaptation to be transferable to de-implementation. Strategies to reduce the use of LVC should specifically consider determinants for the use and de-implementation of LVC.

Registration
The review has not been registered.
Mutational hotspots and conserved domains of SARS-CoV-2 genome in African population
Authors: Omotoso Olabode E. , Babalola Ayoade D. , Matareek Amira 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Since outbreak in December 2019, the highly infectious and pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused over a million deaths globally. With increasing burden, the novel coronavirus has posed a dire threat to public health, social interaction, and global economy. Mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome are moderately evolving which might have contributed to its genome variability, transmission, replication efficiency, and virulence in different regions of the world.

Results
The present study elucidated the mutational landscape in the SARS-CoV-2 genome among the African populace, which may have contributed to the virulence, spread, and pathogenicity observed in the region. A total of 3045 SARS-CoV-2 complete protein sequences with the reference viral sequence (EPI_ISL_402124) were mined and analyzed. SARS-CoV-2 ORF1ab, spike, ORF3, ORF8, and nucleocapsid proteins were observed as mutational hotspots in the African population and may be of keen interest in understanding the viral host relationship, while there is conservation in the ORF6, ORF7a, ORF7b, ORF10, envelope, and membrane proteins.

Conclusions
The accumulation of moderate mutations (though slowly), in the SARS-CoV-2 genome as seen in this present study, could be a promising strategy to develop antiviral drugs or vaccines. These antiviral interventions should target viral conserved domains and host cellular proteins and/or receptors involved in viral invasion and replication to avoid a new viral wave due to drug resistance and vaccine evasion.
Biochemical and histological effects of ethanolic extracts of fruits of Xylopia aethiopica and seeds and leaves of Piper guineense on liver and kidney function in male albino rats
Authors: Imo Chinedu , Arowora Kayode Adebisi , Ezeonu Chukwuma Stephen , Ikwebe Joseph , Yakubu Ojochenemi Ejeh , Imo Nkeiruka Glory , Danlami Godswill Collins 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
The fruits of Xylopia aethiopica and seeds and leaves of Piper guineense are commonly used as spices. Due to their wide use in nutrition and traditional medicine, there is need to examine the biochemical and histological effects of ethanolic extracts of fruits of Xylopia aethiopica and seeds and leaves of Piper guineense on liver and kidney function in male albino rats. The test animals (groups 2, 3 and 4) received 100 mg/kg each of the corresponding extract for 21 days. Group 1 served as normal control and received a placebo of normal saline. The animals were later fasted overnight, sacrificed and their blood collected through cardiac puncture for biochemical indices.

Results
AST activity decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in rats of group 2 compared to the normal control; ALP decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in animals of group 3; while ALT increased significantly (p < 0.05) in group 4. The concentrations of urea and potassium showed significant decrease (p < 0.05) in animals of group 3. Creatinine increased significantly (p < 0.05) in group 2. Concentrations of total protein, albumin, globulin, sodium and chlorides in the test animals did not show any significant alteration. WBC count increased significantly (p < 0.05) in rats of group 3 and non-significantly (p > 0.05) in groups 2 and 4. PCV increased significantly in rats of group 4 and non-significantly in groups 2 and 3. RBC count and Hb levels increased non-significantly (p > 0.05) in all the test groups compared to group 1. The histoarchitectural states of the liver and kidneys showed no apparent alteration by the different extracts.

Conclusion
The extracts have no apparent toxic effect on the liver and kidneys of the experimental rats, although fruits’ extract of Xylopia aethiopica showed possibility of exhibiting mild liver toxicity.
Multiple measures of depression to enhance validity of major depressive disorder in the UK Biobank
Authors: Glanville Kylie P. , Coleman Jonathan R. I. , Howard David M. , Pain Oliver , Hanscombe Ken B. , Jermy Bradley , Arathimos Ryan , Hübel Christopher , Breen Gerome , O'Reilly Paul F. , Lewis Cathryn M. 
Published: February 2021

Background
The UK Biobank contains data with varying degrees of reliability and completeness for assessing depression. A third of participants completed a Mental Health Questionnaire (MHQ) containing the gold-standard Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) criteria for assessing mental health disorders.

Aims
To investigate whether multiple observations of depression from sources other than the MHQ can enhance the validity of major depressive disorder (MDD).

Method
In participants who did not complete the MHQ, we calculated the number of other depression measures endorsed, for example from hospital episode statistics and interview data. We compared cases defined this way with CIDI-defined cases for several estimates: the variance explained by polygenic risk scores (PRS), area under the curve attributable to PRS, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)-based heritability and genetic correlations with summary statistics from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium MDD genome-wide association study.

Results
The strength of the genetic contribution increased with the number of measures endorsed. For example, SNP-based heritability increased from 7% in participants who endorsed only one measure of depression, to 21% in those who endorsed four or five measures of depression. The strength of the genetic contribution to cases defined by at least two measures approximated that for CIDI-defined cases. Most genetic correlations between UK Biobank and the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium MDD study exceeded 0.7, but there was variability between pairwise comparisons.

Conclusions
Multiple measures of depression can serve as a reliable approximation for case status where the CIDI measure is not available, indicating sample size can be optimised using the entire suite of UK Biobank data.
Explainable Tree-Based Predictions for Unplanned 30-Day Readmission of Patients With Cancer Using Clinical Embeddings
Authors: Wong Chi Wah , Chen Chen , Rossi Lorenzo A. , Abila Monga , Munu Janet , Nakamura Ryotaro , Eftekhari Zahra 
Published: February 2021

PURPOSE Thirty-day unplanned readmission is one of the key components in measuring quality in patient care. Risk of readmission in oncology patients may be associated with a wide variety of specific factors including laboratory results and diagnoses, and it is hard to include all such features using traditional approaches such as one-hot encoding in predictive models. METHODS We used clinical embeddings to represent complex medical concepts in lower dimensional spaces. For predictive modeling, we used gradient-boosted trees and adopted the shapley additive explanation framework to offer consistent individualized predictions. We used retrospective inpatient data between 2013 and 2018 with temporal split for training and testing. RESULTS Our best performing model predicting readmission at discharge using clinical embeddings showed a testing area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.78 (95% CI, 0.77 to 0.80). Use of clinical embeddings led to up to 23.1% gain in area under precision-recall curve and 6% in area under receiver operating characteristic curve. Hematology models had more performance gain over surgery and medical oncology. Our study was the first to develop (1) explainable predictive models for the hematology population and (2) dynamic models to keep track of readmission risk throughout the duration of patient visit. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, our study was the first to develop (1) explainable predictive models for the hematology population and (2) dynamic models to keep track of readmission risk throughout the duration of patient visit.
Worldviews of science teachers in educational-technological context as a key factor in digitalization of teaching practices
Authors: Tsybulsky Dina , Muchnik-Rozanov Yulia 
Published: February 2021

Background:This research deals with science teachers' worldviews in the educational-technological context. Obtaining a deeper insight into teachers' discourse regarding school digitalization and understanding teachers' worldviews in the educational-technological context may be viewed as crucially important since the latter tends to play a central role in the process of digitalization of teaching practices.Methods:This study addresses the following questions: (1) Was there a difference between the teachers regarding their foci of attention expressed via personal pronouns? (2) Was there a difference between the teachers in terms of the quality and degree of their emotional immersion in the discussed topic expressed through the use of emotion words? (3) What are the semantic fields of the word clusters that include the lexemes technology and digital, and do they implicitly convey differences in teachers' understanding of school digitalization? The data were extracted by means of in-depth interviews with 38 Israeli science teachers. The linguistic analysis was employed to examine teachers' language behavior.Results:The results point out the differences in teachers' worldviews, manifested through language behavior. In particular, the differences between the three groups of teachers (outside observers, circumspect participants, and conscientious participants) were found regarding their foci of attention, the level of emotional immersion, and their implicitly conveyed understanding of the digitalization of teaching practices.Conclusions:The teachers' worldviews are the key element for understanding what it means to be or not to be a teacher in a digital society. In addition, our study demonstrates that linguistic analysis in educational research is a promising methodological approach that can render an in-depth and comprehensive picture of the explored phenomenon.
A PRODUÇÃO DE AUDIOVISUAIS COMO NARRATIVA DE CONSTRUÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E DE EMANCIPAÇÃO SOCIAL: A EXPERIÊNCIA DA TV LEPETE
Authors: Wanzeler Eglê Betânia , Menezes Maria Quitéria Afonso 
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo intitulado “A produção de audiovisuais como narrativa de construção de conhecimento científico e emancipação social: a experiência do canal TV Lepete” tem como finalidade refletir sobre o percurso realizado pelo grupo de pesquisa Lepete (Laboratório de Ensino, Pesquisa e Experiências Transdisciplinares em Educação) da Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, em torno da criação de um canal de TV no YouTube, a TV Lepete. Trata-se de refletir sobre o papel das TICs no processo de divulgação e comunicação científica, bem como enquanto ferramentas capazes de produzir e gerar novos conhecimentos. A criação do canal se circunscreve numa dimensão política, cuja intenção é promover a disseminação científica, visando à sua popularização e à democratização do conhecimento, enquanto ferramenta de emancipação e de cidadania social.
AS PRÁTICAS CIRCENSES E A RELAÇÃO DO CORPO DA CRIANÇA EM SITUAÇÃO DE RUA NO MUNDO
Authors: Cavalari Neto Ranulfo 
Published: February 2021

O artigo tem o objetivo de narrar uma experiência com as práticas corporais e crianças e adolescentes em situação de rua, a partir da ótica do corpo, da corporeidade e dos processos escolares encontrados na leitura da ‘pedagogia da diferença.’ Ao propor a oficina abre-se uma oportunidade de abrir o debate sobre as práticas corporais das crianças e adolescentes, e que nesse caso, alguns se utilizam como forma de trabalho pelas ruas e sinaleiras das cidades. A cultura da rua, ou melhor a cultura de viver na rua faz marcas no corpo e interfere no processo de desenvolvimento do ser humano. A corporeidade de uma criança em situação de rua deve ser observada com um olhar cuidadoso adotando a pedagogia da diferença, de modo que promova corpos potentes, criativos, alegres e livres.
The impact of lived experience on health care workers' knowledge, attitudes and behaviour regarding mental illness
Authors: Sherring Simon 
Published: February 2021

Background/Aims The literature suggests that many health care workers hold stigmatising attitudes towards mental illness. This study aimed to ascertain information regarding the impact of lived experience on health care workers' knowledge about mental illness, attitudes towards mental illness and intended behaviours towards people who experience mental illness. Methods This quantitative study used a questionnaire survey of health care workers employed in four National Health Service Trusts (n=2073). Statistical analyses were conducted. Results Lived experience of a mental illness (self or family member) was associated with more favourable knowledge about mental illness, attitudes towards mental illness and intended behaviours towards those with a mental illness. Conclusions The lived experience of mental illness among health care workers could be harnessed as a resource to improve service delivery. There should be a long-term commitment to capitalising on the benefit to patient care of lived experience among health care workers.
La promoció de la lectura a les biblioteques públiques de Catalunya (2018-2019)
Authors: Ruiz Chacón Gisela , Vazquez Puig Elisabet 
Published: February 2021

Durant el període 2018-2019, es desenvolupa, progressivament, un canvi de model de biblioteca pública a Catalunya, basat en la creació de coneixements i la innovació ciutadana, en què destaquen les activitats de descoberta i experimentació. En aquest model, la participació ciutadana i el factor tecnològic tenen un paper important. L’article recull una selecció de programes, accions i serveis que han dut a terme les biblioteques públiques catalanes, principalment en l’àmbit de la promoció i el foment de la lectura. També se citen les jornades i trobades professionals més destacades, així com els premis, estudis de recerca i les publicacions principals sobre la matèria que s’han publicat en aquest bienni.
Power scalability of a continuous-wave high-power Er-Yb co-doped fiber amplifier pumped by Yb-doped fiber lasers
Authors: Yu Weilong , Yan Ping , Xiao Qirong , Qi Tiancheng , Li Dan , Gong Mali 
Published: February 2021

The power scaling of Er-Yb co-doped fiber lasers and amplifiers has
been limited by the bottleneck effect of energy-transfer saturation
between Yb ions and Er ions. The emerging method of Er-Yb co-doped
fiber amplifiers pumped by Yb-doped fiber lasers is considered as an
approach to enhance the threshold of the bottleneck effect. In this
paper, we quantitatively characterize the threshold of the bottleneck
effect via the method of extreme value analysis of the second-order
derivative. The method facilitates the optimization of the amplifier
configuration. Afterward, we numerically investigate the bottleneck
effect of various Er-Yb co-doped fiber amplifiers off-peak
cladding-pumped by

10

×

×

n
m

Yb-doped fiber lasers for what we
believe, to the best of our knowledge, is the first time. The result
shows that the most optimal configuration is long gain fiber over 20 m
pumped by a 1020–1025 nm fiber laser, with more than two times the
output limit of a conventional laser diode pumping scheme. The
essential factors of an amplifier are discussed afterward, including
the pump-launching direction, the optimization of large-mode-area
fiber, the core-cladding ratio, the concentration of doping ions, the
nonlinearity limit, and the distribution of the heat load.
10-W-scale Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb:CALYO laser with sub-100-fs pulses
Authors: Tian Wenlong , Xu Rui , Zheng Li , Tian Xuan , Zhang Dacheng , Xu Xiaodong , Zhu Jiangfeng , Xu Jun , Wei Zhiyi 
Published: February 2021

We reported a high-power pure Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb:CALYO laser
based on the dual-confocal cavity delivering sub-100-fs pulses. The
output pulses at 81 MHz have an average power of 10.4 W and the pulse
duration of 98 fs, corresponding to the peak power of 1.14 MW. This
is, to the best of our knowledge, the highest average power ever
reported for a Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb-bulk oscillator. Analysis of
the dual-confocal cavity was also conducted, which indicates a way to
achieve higher average power. We believe the result described in this
Letter may pave a way to develop Kerr-lens mode-locked bulk lasers
with much higher average power.
Factors determining antibiotic use in the general population: A qualitative study in Spain
Authors: Vazquez-Cancela Olalla , Souto-Lopez Laura , Vazquez-Lago Juan M. , Lopez Ana , Figueiras Adolfo 
Published: February 2021

Background
Antibiotic resistance is an important Public Health problem and many studies link it to antibiotic misuse. The population plays a key role in such misuse.

Objective
The aim of this study was thus to explore the factors that might influence antibiotic use and resistance in the general population.

Methods
Qualitative research using the focus group (FG) method. Groups were formed by reference to the following criteria: age (over and under 65 years); place of origin; and educational/professional qualifications. FG sessions were recorded, transcribed and then separately analysed by two researchers working independently. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.

Results
Eleven FGs were formed with a total of 75 participants. The principal factors identified as possible determinants of antibiotic misuse were: (i) lack of knowledge about antibiotics; (ii) doctor-patient relationship problems; (iii) problems of adherence; and, (iv) use without medical prescription. Antibiotic resistance is a phenomenon unknown to the population and is perceived as an individual problem, with the term “resistance” being confused with “tolerance”. None of the groups reported that information about resistance had been disseminated by the health care sector.

Conclusions
The public is unaware of the important role it plays in the advance of antimicrobial resistance. There is evidence of diverse factors, many of them modifiable, which might account for antibiotic misuse. Better understanding these factors could be useful in drawing up specific strategies aimed at improving antibiotic use.