bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Cu, Zn and Their Mixtures on Bioaccumulation and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Galleria Mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Mese Yagmur , Tuncsoy Benay , Ozalp Pınar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The effects of Cu, Zn and their mixture on bioaccumulation and antioxidant enzyme activities of midgut and fat body of Galleria mellonella larvae were investigated. The application of metals as a mixture showed a synergistic effect and the accumulation levels were increased in both tissues. Zn accumulation increased in midgut and fat body of G. mellonella larvae exposed to metal singly. On the other hand, Cu accumulation increased in midgut, while a decrease was observed in fat body exposed to Cu singly. Moreover, it was determined that oxidative stress was occured in midgut and fat body of G. mellonella larvae with significant decreases and increases in antioxidant and detoxification enzyme activities when fed singly and in mixture with different concentrations of Cu and Zn. Understanding the reactions of G. mellonella, which is a model organism showing immune system responses similar to vertebrates and bioindicator species, to metals by detoxification systems, which is an important parameter in insect physiology, is thought to contribute to future toxicological, genotoxic, physiological and ecotoxicological studies. G. mellonella larvae, which were used as a model organism, shows a similar reaction to mammals.
A capsid with a twist: Assembly mechanism of the pleomorphic immature poxvirus scaffold
Authors: Wolf Matthias , Hyun Jae-Kyung , Matsunami Hideyuki , Kim Tae Gyun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In Vaccinia virus (VACV), the prototype poxvirus, scaffold protein D13 forms a honeycomb-like lattice on the viral membrane that results in formation of the pleomorphic immature virion (IV). The structure of D13 is similar to those of major capsid proteins that readily form icosahedral capsids in nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs). However, the detailed assembly mechanism of the non-icosahedral poxvirus scaffold has never been understood. Here we show the cryo-EM structures of D13 trimer and scaffold intermediates produced in vitro. The structures reveal that the short N-terminal α-helix is critical for initiation of D13 self-assembly. The continuous curvature of the IV is mediated by electrostatic interactions that induce torsion between trimers. The assembly mechanism explains the semi-ordered capsid-like arrangement of D13 that is distinct from icosahedral NCLDVs. Our structures explain how a single protein can self-assemble into different capsid morphologies, and represents a local exception to the universal Caspar-Klug theory of quasi-equivalence.
Performance and Mechanism of the in-situ Restoration Effect on VHCs in the Polluted River Water Based on the Orthogonal Experiment: Photosynthetic Fluorescence Characteristics and Microbial Community Analysis.
Authors: Wang Jia , Wu Shuangrong , Yang Qi , Gu Yonggang , Wang Peijing , Li Zhaoxin , Li Lei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Volatile halogenated hydrocarbons (VHCs) attracted many attentions due to its toxic and persistent in the environment. In this research, a novel in situ ecological restoration reactor was applied to the degradation of VHCs in polluted river water. The optimized working condition adaptation of the in-situ restoration technique was evaluated through orthogonal tests. The experiments showed that when the water depth was 0.4 m, the HRT was 5d and the current velocity was 1 m/s, VHCs removal efficiencies could achieve favorable value. The CHCl3 CCl4, C2HCl3 and C2Cl4 removal efficiency could reach 70.27%, 70.59%67.74% and 81.82%, respectively. F test results showed that both HRT and water depth were significantly related to the removal efficiency of reactor. Besides, using underwater modulated chlorophyll fluorometer analyzed the rapid light curves (RLC) of plants in the experiment, which showed that the VHCs of damaged river was harmful to the physiological state of the plants. Moreover, the microbial community structures of fillers in the reactor were tested by high-throughput sequencing, the findings supported that the microbial community made a great response to adapt to the changes of environment of the reactor. The relative abundance of Rhodocyclaceae increased slightly, which hinted that it had good adaptability to VHCs in polluted river water. The research results confirmed that in situ ecological restoration reactor was an economical technology for removal VHCs in polluted river water.
In Silico Studies and Design of Scrupulous Novel Sensor for Nitro Aromatics Compounds and Metal Ions Detection
Authors: Desai Ajay L , Patel Nihal P , Parikh Jaymin H , Modi Krunal M , Bhatt Keyur D 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A Novel Calix[4]pyrrole system bearing carboxylic acid functionality [ABuCP] has been synthesized and its interaction towards various nitroaromatics compounds [NACs] were investigated. ABuCP showed significant color change with 1,3-dinitro benzene (1,3-DNB) in comparison to the solution of other nitroaromatic compounds such as 2,3-dinitro toluene (2,3-DNT), 2,4-dinitro toluene (2,4-DNT), 2,6-dinitro toluene (2,6-DNT), 4-NBB (4-nitrobenzyl bromide) and 4-nitro toluene (4-NT). The ABuCP-1,3-DNB complex produces a red shift in absorption spectra based on charge transfer mediated recognition. Additionally, the density functional theory calculation confirmed the possible mechanism for the binding of 1,3-DNB as a guest is well supported by the calculation of other parameters such as hardness, stabilization energy, softness, electrophilicity index and chemical potential. The TDDFT calculation facilitates the understanding of the proper binding mechanism in reference to experimental results. Additionally we have also developed its derivative which acts as a new fluorescent sensor which can selectively recognize Sr(II) ion. In this view its aminoanthraquinone derivative of calix[4]pyrrole i.e. ABuCPTAA is synthesized which also results in generation of high fluorescence capability sensor.
Energetic Metabolic Reprogramming in Jurkat DFF40 Deficient Cancer Cells
Authors: Kulbay Merve , Johnson Bruno , Ricaud Guillaume , Séguin-Grignon Marie-Noëlle , Bernier Jacques 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
DNA fragmentation factor 40 (DFF40), or the caspase-activated DNase (CAD), is an endonuclease specific for double-stranded DNA. Alterations in its function and expression have been linked to apoptosis resistance, a mechanism likely used by cancer cells. Although, how the DFF40-related apoptosis resistance pathway occurs remains unclear. Here we sought to determine if DFF40 expression could be linked to cell metabolism through the regulation of mitochondrial integrity and function. We demonstrated that DFF40 deficient cells are more resistant to staurosporine (STS) and tributyltin (TBT)induced apoptosis, and express higher levels of Mcl-1 at basal state. Treatment with TBT induces higher Bcl-2 and caspase-9 mRNA transcripts in DFF40 KO Jurkat cells, as well as enhanced Bcl-2 phosphorylation. A loss of DFF40 expression induces a higher mitochondrial mass, mtDNA copy number, mitochondrial membrane potential and glycolysis rates in resting T cells. DFF40 deficient cells exhibit the Warburg effect phenotype, where they rely significantly more on glycolysis and have a higher proliferative state, demonstrated by a higher Ki-67 transcription factor expression and AKT phosphorylation. Finally, we demonstrated with cell fractioning that DFF40 can translocate to the mitochondria following apoptosis induction. Our study reveals that DFF40 may act as a regulator of mitochondria during cell death, and its loss could compromise mitochondrial integrity and cause an energetic reprogramming in pathologies such as cancer.
Vector Analysis of High Astigmatism (≥2.0 Diopters) Correction after Small-Incision Lenticule Extraction with Stringent Head Positioning and Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Laser in Situ Keratomileusis with Compensation of Cyclotorsion
Authors: Zhou Jihong , Gu Wei , Gao Yan , He Guoli , Zhang Fengju 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
PURPOSE： To compare the astigmatic correction by vector analysis in the high myopic astigmatism between femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis with compensation of cyclotorsion (FS-LASIK) and small-incision lenticule extraction(SMILE) with stringent head positioning.SETTING: Beijing Aier-Intech Eye Hospital, Beijing, China.DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHOD: Patients who had correction of myopic astigmatism of 2 diopters (D) or more had either FS-LASIK with compensation of cyclotorsion or SMILE with stringently control the head position were included. Results of vision and refraction were analyzed and compared between groups with the right eye.RESULT: The study enrolled 94 patients (41eye in the FS-LASIK with compensation of cyclotorsion and 53 eyes in SMILE with stringently control the head position). The mean preoperative manifest cylinder was -2.65±0.77D in FS-LASIK and 2.51±0.56D in SMILE group. (P=0.302). At 12-month, there was no significant difference between the two groups in uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA, P = 0.274) and postoperative spherical equivalent (P=0.107). 46.3% and 24.5% of eyes were within 0.25D post-op cylinder, 78% and 66% of eyes were within 0.5 D post-op cylinder for FS-LASIK group and SMILE group, respectively (P=0.027, P = 0.202). Vector analysis showed comparable target-induced astigmatism (TIA, P=0.114), surgically induced astigmatism vector (SIA, P=0.057), difference vector (DV, P=0.069) and the angle of error (AE, P=0 .213) between groups. Index of success (IOS) was 0.18 in the FS-LASIK and 0.24 in the SMILE (P=0.024), and significant difference for two groups.CONCLUSION: FS-LASIK with compensation of cyclotorsion had favorable correction in high myopic astigmatism (≥2.0 diopters) compared to SMILE with stringent head positioning at 12-month.
The Oxygenation Module - The Missing Link in Using Sleep Apnea Devices to Treat COVID-19 Pneumonia at Home
Authors: Bliznuks Dmitrijs , Kistkins Svjatoslavs , Teličko Jevgēnijs , Geža Vadims , Zāģeris Ģirts , Svaža Artis , Syundyukov Emil , Purenkovs Mārtiņš , Zeme Dana , Jēkabsone Solveiga , Žentiņa Dace , Pīrāgs Valdis , Taivans Immanuels 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: The study aims at solving the problem with the limitations of the homecare CPAP equipment such as sleep apnea devices in the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia. By adding an advanced, rapid-to-produce oxygenation module to CPAP device we allow distributing healthcare at all levels, reducing the load on intensive care units, promoting treatment in the early stages at homecare. A significant part of the COVID-19 pneumonia patients requires not only an oxygen supply but also additional air pressure. Existing home care devices are able to create precise positive airway pressure but cannot precisely measure supplied oxygen concentration. Either uses uncertified and potentially unsafe mechanisms.Results: The developed system allows using certified and widely available CPAP (constant positive airway pressure) devices to perform the critical function of delivering pressure and oxygen to airways. CPAP device is connected to the designed add-on module that can provide predefined oxygen concentration in a precise and stable manner. Clinical test results include data from 12 COVID-19 positive patients. The device has been compared against certified NIV (non-invasive) equipment under 6-20 hPa pressure and 30-70% FiO2. Tests have proved that the developed system can achieve the same SaO2 (p=0.93) and PaO2 (p=0.80) levels as NIV with clinically insignificant differences. Test results show that the designed system can substitute NIV equipment for a significant part of COVID-19 patients while leaving existing NIV devices for unstable and critical patients. The system has been designed to be mass-produced while having medically certified critical components.Conclusion: The clinical testing of the new device for oxygen supplementation of patients treated using simple CPAP devices looks promising and could be used for the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia.
Norepinephrine Versus Phenylephrine Infusion for Preventing Postspinal Hypotension During Cesarean Section for Twin Pregnancy: A Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Chen Zijun , Zhou Jieshu , Wan Li , Huang Han 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCompared with singleton pregnancy, twin gestation is featured by a greater increase in cardiac output. Therefore, norepinephrine might be more suitable than phenylephrine for maintaining blood pressure during cesarean section for twins, as phenylephrine causes reflex bradycardia and resultant a decrease in cardiac output. This study was to determine whether norepinephrine was superior to phenylephrine in maintaining maternal hemodynamics during cesarean section for twins.MethodsInformed consent was obtained from all the patients before enrollment. In this double-blinded, randomized clinical trial, 100 parturients with twin gestation undergoing cesarean section with spinal anesthesia were randomized to receive prophylactic norepinephrine (3.2 μg/min) or phenylephrine infusion (40 μg/min). The primary outcome was the change of heart rate and blood pressure during the study period. The secondary outcomes were to compare maternal complications, neonatal outcomes, Apgar scores and umbilical blood acid-base status between the two vasopressors.Results: There was no significant difference was observed for the change of heart rate between two vasopressors. The mean standardized area under the curve of heart rate was 78 ± 12 with norepinephrine vs. 74 ± 11 beats/min with phenylephrine (mean difference 4.4, 95%CI -0.1 to 9.0; P =.0567). The mean standardized area under the curve of systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly lower in parturients with norepinephrine, as the mean of differences in standardized AUC of SBP is 6 mmHg, with a 95% CI from 2 to 9 mmHg (P = .0013). However, requirements of physician interventions for correcting maternal hemodynamical abnormalities (temporary cessation of vasopressor infusion for reactive hypertension, rescuing vasopressor bolus for hypotension and atropine for heart rate less < 50 beats/min) and neonatal outcomes were also not significantly different between two vasopressors.Conclusion: Infusion of norepinephrine was not associated with less decrease in heart rate during cesarean section for twins, compared with phenylephrine. Clinical trial number: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1900021281) Clinical trial registry URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=35234
Prognostic Value of BTNL9 Combined with Genes of Proteasome and Ubiquitin System in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Xu Ke , Mo Qingfan , Liu Bo , Huang Rongfei , Zhou Wei , Ren Tao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: An accurate prognostic prediction can improve the individualized management of patients with pancreatic cancer (PC), and the exploration of biomarkers with prognostic value for clinical practice is the prerequisite of the work. Butyrophilin-Like 9 (BTNL9) has recently been found to function as a tumor suppressor gene in a variety of malignancies and has the potency to serve as a prognostic biomarker. Our aim was to explore the relationship between BTNL9 expression and the prognosis of PC, and to unearth its upstream and downstream molecular mechanisms. Methods: The RNA expression of BTNL9 was analyzed in 5 datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The protein expression of BTNL9 was detected by immunohistochemistry in a cohort including 42 PC patients. The relationship between BTNL9 expression and prognosis was analyzed by survival and prognostic factors analysis. Online database and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were used to explore the upstream and downstream molecular mechanisms of BTNL9. Correlation analysis and CIBERSORT were applied to investigate the relationship between BTNL9 and tumor immunology.Results: In multiple datasets and our cohort, BTNL9 expression was decreased in PC tissues. Patients with high expression of BTNL9 had a better prognosis. BTNL9, age and N stage were identified as the independent prognostic factors of PC. BTNL9 was predicted to be down-regulated by hsa-miR-1910-5p, and it may be involved in the proteasome and PC signaling pathway. Interestingly, genes of proteasome (PSMD2, PSMD7 and PMSD14) and deubiquitin system (USP20, USP27X and USP30) combined BTNL9 could improve the prognostic prediction of PC. In addition, the expression of BTNL9 correlates with the expression of immune checkpoints and influences the infiltration of tumor immune cells. Conclusions: BTNL9 can serve as a prognostic marker of PC, and high expression of BTNL9 was generally associated with better prognosis. Combined the expression of BTNL9 and the expression of PSMD2, PSMD7, PMSD14, USP20, USP27X and USP30 can more accurately analyze the prognosis of patients with PC.
Hospitalized Prognosis of Ischemic Stroke with COPD: A Propensity Score Matching Study
Authors: Zhang Siyan , Zeng Qiong , Wei Liling , Lin Kun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and hospitalized prognosis, in ischemic stroke patients, as well as complications is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the influence of COPD on inpatient outcomes among ischemic stroke patients.Methods: A retrospective investigation was conducted in 9260 patients with confirmed ischemic stroke, in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, from 2013 to 2020. After excluding patients with missing data or hospital discharge within 24 hours, we divided the eligible 9021 patients into two groups based on whether or not they had been diagnosed with COPD. After a 1:3 ratio propensity score matching (PSM) (n=290, COPD group vs n=856, non-COPD group), we compared hospitalized prognosis and complications between two groups.Results: Stroke patients with COPD had a significantly higher rate of non-recovered and deceased patients at discharge (4.1% vs 2.1%, OR=1.972, P=0.023), and a higher risk of infection (66.2% vs 48.3%, OR=2.10, P<0.001), especially pulmonary infection (48.1% vs 32.3%, OR=1.944, P<0.001), compared to stroke patients without COPD. After propensity score matching analysis, the differences were still statistically significant concerning inpatient non-recovery and death (4.1% vs 1.9%; OR=2.266, P=0.031), infection (66.2% vs 52.9%, OR=1.743, P<0.001) and pulmonary infection (48.3% vs 36.6%, OR=1.619, P<0.001).Conclusion: Stroke patients with COPD have poorer hospitalized prognosis, with a higher rate of non-recovered and deceased patients, as well as higher incidence of infection, compared with those without COPD.
Single cell analysis of early metastasis identifies targetable tumor subpopulation and mechanisms of immune evasion in squamous cell cancers
Authors: Quah Hong Sheng , Cao Elaine Yiqun , Suteja Lisda , Leong Hui , Chong Fui , Li Constance , Gupta Shilpi , Arcinas Camille , Ouyang John , Ang Vivian , Tan Daniel , BISWAS Subhra , Rackham Owen , Iyer N. Gopalakrishna 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Profiling tumors at single-cell resolution provides an opportunity to understand complexities underpinning lymph-node metastases in head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma. Single-cell RNAseq (scRNAseq) analysis of cancer-cell trajectories identified a sub-population of pre-metastatic cells, driven by actionable pathways including AXL and AURK. Blocking these two proteins blunted tumor invasion in patient-derived cultures. Furthermore, scRNAseq analyses of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T-lymphocytes showed two distinct trajectories to T-cell dysfunction, corroborated by their clonal architecture based on single-cell T-cell receptor sequencing. By determining key modulators of these trajectories, followed by validation using external datasets and functional experiments, we uncovered a novel role for SOX4 in mediating T-cell exhaustion. Finally, interactome-analyses between pre-metastatic tumor-cells and CD8+ T-lymphocytes uncovered a putative role for the Midkine pathway in immune-modulation; this was confirmed by scRNAseq of tumors from humanized mice. Aside from specific findings, this study demonstrates the importance of tumor heterogeneity analyses in identifying key vulnerabilities during early metastasis
Transition from sub-Rayleigh anticrack to supershear crack propagation in snow avalanches
Authors: Trottet Bertil , Simenhois Ron , Bobillier Grégoire , Herwijnen Alec van , Jiang Chenfanfu , Gaume Johan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Snow slab avalanches are released following anticrack propagation in highly porous weak snow layers buried below cohesive slabs. The volumetric collapse of the weak layer leads to the closure of crack faces followed by the onset of frictional contact. Here on the basis of snow fracture experiments, full-scale avalanche measurements, and numerical simulations, we report the existence of a transition from sub-Rayleigh anticrack to supershear crack propagation involving the Burridge-Andrews mechanism. Remarkably, this transition occurs even if the shear-to-normal stress ratio is lower than the static friction coefficient as a result of the loss of frictional resistance during collapse. This finding represents a new paradigm in our understanding of snow slab avalanches presenting fundamental similarities with strike-slip earthquakes.
Physically Active Primary Care Doctors are More Likely to Offer Exercise Counselling to Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Selvaraj Christine , Abdullah Nurdiana 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Chronic diseases, particularly non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a major cause of death globally and in Malaysia. Exercise has been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality from NCDs. Research shows that physically active primary care doctors (PCDs) offer exercise counselling more often to patients with chronic diseases. This study aims to see if there is indeed an association between physically active primary care doctors offering exercise counselling more often to patients with chronic diseases. Specifically, to determine the association between physical activity (PA) intensity of primary care doctors in private practice from 3 urban states and the initiation of exercise counselling to patients with five chronic diseases (cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity/metabolic syndrome and dyslipidaemia).Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study involving PCDs in private practice in 3 states. Participants from two states were recruited via postal surveys distributed by the Malaysian Academy of Family Physicians. Participants from another state were recruited at a teaching conference for PCDs. A self-administered questionnaire obtained sociodemographic information, initiation of exercise counselling to patients with chronic diseases as well as PA intensity using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).Results: The response rate was 32.3% (272/842). Of 272 respondents, the mean age was 34(11) of which 66.5% of participants were female and 33.5% were male. 52.9% of participants had undergraduate qualifications and 47.1% were post-graduate holders. 59.6% were overweight/obese (BMI > 23). PA of 50% of participants was at a moderate level and 24.3% at a high level. For initiation of exercise counselling, most respondents answered ‘always’ or ‘often’ to patients with cardiovascular diseases (59.9%), hypertension (72.8%), type 2 diabetes mellitus (78.6%), obesity/metabolic syndrome (86.4%) and dyslipidaemia (81.6%). PCDs being physically active and non-smokers were associated with a higher initiation of exercise counselling to patients with cardiovascular diseases. Doctors with post-graduate degrees were more likely to offer exercise counselling to hypertensive patients.Conclusion: Primary care doctors with higher physical activity intensity levels were more likely to proactively initiate exercise counselling in patients with cardiovascular diseases during chronic disease follow up visits.