bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rotating a Segmental Maxilla to Close a Serious Vertically Displaced Alveolar Cleft
Authors: Liu Weilong , Li Yuanyuan , Tsauo Chialing , Shi Bing , Li Chenghao 
Published: March 2021

Summary:
In recent years, alveolar bone grafting has emerged as the first treatment choice for space closure in the secondary dentition. Despite this, a high possibility of failure still exists for patients with a vertical discrepancy of cleft segments. This is attributed to the absence of valid contact between the grafted bone and the surfaces of bone segments in the cleft region. In cases of minor discrepancies, the vertical distance can be reduced orthodontically, allowing for subsequent alveolar bone grafting.
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However, in severe cases, isolated orthodontic treatment is not viable due to a high risk of periodontal problems and increased tooth mobility. Under the circumstances, surgical intervention is essential. Herein, we report a case in which the alveolar segment is aligned using a novel application of segmental maxillary osteotomy to rotate the segment with a subperiosteal tunnel. Rigid fixation of the segment in the desired position is then performed with concurrent bone grafting. Therefore, performing segmental maxillary osteotomy before bone grafting could be an alternative to correcting the vertical discrepancy encountered in cleft patients.
Increasing Perfusion Pressure Does Not Distend Perforators or Anastomoses but Reveals Arteriovenous Shuntings
Authors: Gascoigne Adam C. , Taylor G. Ian , Corlett Russell J. , Briggs Chris , Ashton Mark W. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
It has been proposed that hyperperfusion of perforators and distension of anastomotic vessels may be a mechanism by which large perforator flaps are perfused. This study investigates whether increasing perfusion pressure of radiographic contrast in cadaveric studies altered the radiographic appearance of vessels, particularly by distending their anastomotic connections.

Methods:
From 10 fresh cadavers, bilateral upper limbs above the elbow were removed. Three cadavers were excluded. Seven pairs of limbs were injected with lead oxide solutions via the brachial artery while distally monitoring intravascular pressure in the radial artery using a pressure transducer. One limb was injected slowly (0.5 mL/s) and the other rapidly (1.5 mL/s) to produce low and high perfusion pressures, respectively. Skin and subcutaneous tissue were then removed and radiographed.

Results:
The filling of perforators and their larger caliber branches appeared unchanged between low- and high-pressure injections, with no significant increase in true anastomoses (P = 0.32) and no association between maximum perfusion pressure and number (P = 0.94) or caliber (P = 0.10). However, high-pressure injections revealed arteriovenous shunting with filling of the tributaries of the major veins.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated that increased perfusion pressure of the cutaneous arteries (1) did not change the caliber of vessels; (2) did not convert choke to true anastomoses; and (3) revealed arteriovenous shunting between major vessels with retrograde filling of venous tributaries as pressure increased. This suggests that it is not possible to distend anastomotic connections between vascular territories by increasing perfusion alone.
Site V Surgery for Temporal Migraine Headaches
Authors: Baldelli Ilaria , Mangialardi Maria Lucia , Raposio Edoardo 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Auriculotemporal nerve is demonstrated to contribute to migraine pain in temporal area. In particular, its relationship with the superficial temporal artery in the soft tissues superficial to the temporal parietal fascia has attracted researchers’ attention for many decades. The objective of this review was to explore whether site V nerve surgical decompression is effective for pain relief in temporal area.

Methods:
A literature search, according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, was conducted to evaluate the surgical treatment of auriculotemporal migraine. Inclusion was based on studies written in English, published between 2000 and February 2020, containing a diagnosis of migraine in compliance with the classification of the International Headache Society. The treatment must consist of surgical procedures involving the auriculotemporal nerve and/or arteries in site V, with outcome data available for at least 3 months.

Results:
Three hundred twenty-four records were identified after duplicates were removed, 31 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 2 records were selected for inclusion. A total of 77 patients were included in the review. A direct approach at the anatomical site identified with careful physical examination and confirmed with a handheld Doppler probe is generally performed under local anesthesia. Blunt dissection to the superficial temporal fascia to expose the auriculotemporal nerve and the superficial temporal artery is followed by artery cauterization/ligament and eventual nerve transection/avulsion. Site V surgery results in a success rate from 79% to 97%.

Conclusions:
Despite the recent advances in extracranial trigger site surgery and a success rate (>50% improvement) from 79% to 97%, site V decompression is still poorly described. Elaborate randomized trials are needed with accurate reporting of patient selection, surgical procedure, adverse events, recurrencies or appearance of new trigger points, quality of life outcome, and longer follow-up times.
Robot-assisted Intercostal Nerve Harvesting: A Technical Note about the First Case in Japan
Authors: Naito Kiyohito , Imashimizu Kota , Nagura Nana , Goto Kenji , Obata Hiroyuki , Kaneko Ayaka , Sugiyama Yoichi , Kaneko Kazuo 
Published: March 2021

Summary:
Recently, surgical robotic systems have been used to perform microsurgery. Surgical robots have certain properties that make them well suited to microsurgery; for example, they possess 3-dimensional vision, which can be magnified up to 25 times; their movements are up to 5 times more precise than those of surgeons; they possess 7 degrees of wrist articulation; they do not suffer from physiologic tremors; and they can achieve ergonomic surgical positions. The purpose of this study was to report the feasibility of robot-assisted intercostal nerve harvesting in a clinical case. A healthy 57-year-old man suffered a left plexus injury. On diagnosis of clavicular brachial plexus injury, the intercostal nerve transfer to the muscular cutaneous nerve to restore elbow flexion was performed with Da Vinci Xi robot. The harvesting of intercostal nerves using the conventional open approach involves significant surgical exposure, which can lead to perioperative complications. Robot-assisted intercostal nerve harvesting might reduce postoperative pain, shorten patients’ hospital stays, lower complication rates, and produce better quality-of-life outcomes. There are many issues to be solved when performing robotic surgery on peripheral nerves in Japan. However, robot-assisted intercostal nerve harvesting was a feasible surgical procedure, and patient satisfaction was high.
Analysis of Allergan’s Biocell Implant Recall in a Major University Breast Center
Authors: Danino Michel A. , Dao Lan , Retchkiman Meir , Matetsa Edwige , Iezzoni Jessica , Bou-Merhi Joseph S. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
In May 2019, Health Canada released a national recall of all macrotextured breast implants that later became international in July 2019 regarding increasing accounts of suspected breast implant–associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma. In Canada, this recall targeted Allergan’s Biocell implants. This report presents the postmortem of this comprehensive single-center recall, which had to be undertaken in a limited time.

Methods:
Four months after the beginning of the recall, the authors analyzed the transcript of meetings to characterize the team assembled during the recall. Then, to reconstruct the systemic work plan as well as the crucial steps and actors of the recall process, a chronologic table of the 5 meetings held during the recall, agendas and transcripts of every meeting, electronic correspondences, and other documents created during the recall were consulted.

Results:
Between 1996 and 2018, 1260 women were affected by the recall, meaning that they received Allergan’s macrotextured implants. Ninety-two patients underwent explantation of the device or will undergo implant explantation. To this day, no patient was diagnosed with breast implant–associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma.

Conclusions:
Our center’s experience highlights the utmost importance of building a national breast implants registry. We recommend breast centers to develop preestablished crisis centers and train staff to better prepare for future device recalls and minimize waste of time. Finally, we believe that implants should be identified based on the characteristics rather than their brand name.
Two-stage Reconstruction of the Scalp with Facial AV Loop
Authors: Clegg Devin J. , Winstead Michael L. , Herbig Kathleen S. 
Published: March 2021

Summary:
We present the case of a 65-year-old woman with extensive osteoradionecrosis of the scalp and calvaria after external beam radiation therapy for follicular lymphoma. Due to the compromise of her adjacent vasculature including the superficial temporal vessels, she underwent two-stage reconstruction with the creation of an AVL (arteriovenous loop) graft utilizing her great saphenous vein. This was anastomosed to her right facial artery and vein, which was then matured. She underwent resection of the necrotic portions of calvaria and soft tissue of approximately 180 cm2, and a vascularized free latissimus dorsi muscle flap was harvested and anastomosed to her new conduit. This free muscle flap was then covered with a split-thickness skin graft harvested from her thigh. She achieved satisfactory functional and cosmetic results with minimal morbidity and without complication despite her age, multiple co-morbidities, and extensive and complex disease process.
Regret after Gender-affirmation Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prevalence
Authors: Bustos Valeria P. , Bustos Samyd S. , Mascaro Andres , Del Corral Gabriel , Forte Antonio J. , Ciudad Pedro , Kim Esther A. , Langstein Howard N. , Manrique Oscar J. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
There is an unknown percentage of transgender and gender non-confirming individuals who undergo gender-affirmation surgeries (GAS) that experiences regret. Regret could lead to physical and mental morbidity and questions the appropriateness of these procedures in selected patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of regret in transgender individuals who underwent GAS and evaluate associated factors.

Methods:
A systematic review of several databases was conducted. Random-effects meta-analysis, meta-regression, and subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed.

Results:
A total of 27 studies, pooling 7928 transgender patients who underwent any type of GAS, were included. The pooled prevalence of regret after GAS was 1% (95% CI <1%–2%). Overall, 33% underwent transmasculine procedures and 67% transfemenine procedures. The prevalence of regret among patients undergoing transmasculine and transfemenine surgeries was <1% (IC <1%–<1%) and 1% (CI <1%–2%), respectively. A total of 77 patients regretted having had GAS. Twenty-eight had minor and 34 had major regret based on Pfäfflin’s regret classification. The majority had clear regret based on Kuiper and Cohen-Kettenis classification.

Conclusions:
Based on this review, there is an extremely low prevalence of regret in transgender patients after GAS. We believe this study corroborates the improvements made in regard to selection criteria for GAS. However, there is high subjectivity in the assessment of regret and lack of standardized questionnaires, which highlight the importance of developing validated questionnaires in this population.
The sounds of prehistoric speech
Authors: Everett Caleb 
Published: March 2021

Evidence is reviewed for widespread phonological and phonetic tendencies in contemporary languages. The evidence is based largely on the frequency of sound types in word lists and in phoneme inventories across the world's languages. The data reviewed point to likely tendencies in the languages of the Upper Palaeolithic. These tendencies include the reliance on specific nasal and voiceless stop consonants, the relative dispreference for posterior voiced consonants and the use of peripheral vowels. More tenuous hypotheses related to prehistoric languages are also reviewed. These include the propositions that such languages lacked labiodental consonants and relied more heavily on vowels, when contrasted to many contemporary languages. Such hypotheses suggest speech has adapted to subtle pressures that may in some cases vary across populations.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Reconstructing prehistoric languages’.
T-cell receptor sequencing identifies prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and correlates with neutralizing antibody titers and disease severity
Authors: Elyanow Rebecca , Snyder Thomas M. , Dalai Sudeb C. , Gittelman Rachel M. , Boonyaratanakornkit Jim , Wald Anna , Selke Stacy , Wener Mark H. , Morishima Chihiro , Greninger Alex L. , Holbrook Michael R. , Kaplan Ian M. , Zahid H. Jabran , Carlson Jonathan M. , Baldo Lance , Manley Thomas , Robins Harlan S. , Koelle David M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMeasuring the adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2 can enable the assessment of past infection as well as protective immunity and the risk of reinfection. While neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers are one measure of protection, such assays are challenging to perform at a large scale and the longevity of the SARS-CoV-2 nAb response is not fully understood. Here, we apply a T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing assay that can be performed on a small volume standard blood sample to assess the adaptive T-cell response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Samples were collected from a cohort of 302 individuals recovered from COVID-19 up to 6 months after infection. Previously published findings in this cohort showed that two commercially available SARS-CoV-2 serologic assays correlate well with nAb testing. We demonstrate that the magnitude of the SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell response strongly correlates with nAb titer, as well as clinical indicators of disease severity including hospitalization, fever, or difficulty breathing. While the depth and breadth of the T-cell response declines during convalescence, the T-cell signal remains well above background with high sensitivity up to at least 6 months following initial infection. Compared to serology tests detecting binding antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleoprotein, the overall sensitivity of the TCR-based assay across the entire cohort and all timepoints was approximately 5% greater for identifying prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Notably, the improved performance of T-cell testing compared to serology was most apparent in recovered individuals who were not hospitalized and were sampled beyond 150 days of their initial illness, suggesting that antibody testing may have reduced sensitivity in individuals who experienced less severe COVID-19 illness and at later timepoints. Finally, T-cell testing was able to identify SARS-CoV-2 infection in 68% (55/81) of convalescent samples having nAb titers below the lower limit of detection, as well as 37% (13/35) of samples testing negative by all three antibody assays. These results demonstrate the utility of a TCR-based assay as a scalable, reliable measure of past SARS-CoV-2 infection across a spectrum of disease severity. Additionally, the TCR repertoire may be useful as a surrogate for protective immunity with additive clinical value beyond serologic or nAb testing methods.
Distinct transcriptomic signature of mRNA and microRNA in ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Luo Hanqing , Dai Jiacheng , Liu Chunyu , Lee Yue , Lv Hong , Qian Jiaming 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundUlcerative colitis (UC) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are both chronic bowel diseases involving stress. To identify genes differentially expressed in UC and IBS, and to determine whether psychological stress can influence those gene expressions, we conducted this pilot study.MethodsPatients of UC, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and normal controls (NC) (n=5 in each group) were recruited. Perceived stress scale (PSS) was adopted to assess psychological stress level. Sigmoid mucosa samples were collected during colonoscopy. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of both mRNA and microRNA (DEG-mRNA and DEG-miRNA) were identified by RNA-Seq and microarray, respectively. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), gene ontology, and microRNA target analysis were performed to identify regulatory relationships and pathways involved. Pearson correlation was performed to identify the relationship between DEGs and PSS score.ResultsIn total, 1,770 and 938 DEG-mRNAs, 107 and 3 DEG-miRNAs were identified in UC and IBS (nominal P<0.05), respectively. The transcriptome changes in UC and IBS were highly correlated but transcriptome severity was larger in UC. There were 268 overlapped DEG-mRNAs and 3 overlapped DEG-miRNAs between UC and IBS. Median PSS score was 27.5 (24.7, 40.0) in UC, 27.0 (17.5, 32.5) in IBS and 22.0 (12.0, 28.5) in NC. Five of the UC’s DEG-mRNAs were significantly correlated to PSS scores, including SLC4A7, PLCB1, SPATA33, DECR2, RP11-792A8.4. There were no DEGs correlate with PSS scores in IBS. One module enriched for immunological pathways was upregulated in UC. Metabolic pathways were enriched in IBS. Within the UC-related co-expression module, we identified 18 DEG-mRNAs that were also targets of DEG-miRNA.ConclusionsIntegration of microRNA and mRNA expression profiles identified changes of gene expression in both UC and IBS. Although the two diseases have significant overlapped transcriptomic changes, they have distinct signature. Immunological pathways are involved prominently in UC while metabolic pathways in IBS. Psychological stress is uniquely associated with the transcriptome changes of UC.
Polygenic risk scores lack prognostic value for adults with severe mental illness
Authors: Landi Isotta , Kaji Deepak , Cotter Liam , Vleck Tielman Van , Belbin Gillian , Preuss Michael , Loos Ruth , Kenny Eimear , Glicksberg Benjamin S , Beckmann Noam , O’Reilly Paul , Schadt Eric E. , Achtyes Eric D. , Buckley Peter F. , Lehrer Douglas , Malaspina Dolores P. , McCarroll Steven A. , Rapaport Mark H. , Fanous Ayman H. , Pato Michele T. , Pato Carlos N. ,   Genomic Psychiatry Cohort (GPC) Investigators, Bigdeli Tim B. , Nadkarni Girish N , Charney Alexander W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSchizophrenia (SCZ) is the archetypal severe mental illness and one of the most deeply characterized human genetic traits. Like most common diseases SCZ is highly polygenic, and as such its genetic liability can be summarized at the individual level by a polygenic risk score (PRS). Polygenic risk scores are a cornerstone of the precision medicine vision, as it is widely anticipated they will come to serve as biomarkers of disease and poor outcomes in real-world clinical practice. However, to date, few studies have assessed their actual prognostic value relative to current standards-of-care. SCZ is an ideal test case towards this end because the predictive power of the SCZ PRS exceeds that of most other common diseases. Here, we analyzed clinical and genetic data from two multi-ethnic cohorts totaling 8,541 adults with SCZ and related psychotic disorders, assessing whether the SCZ PRS improves poor outcome prediction relative to clinical features captured in a standard psychiatric interview. For all outcomes investigated, the SCZ PRS did not improve the performance of predictive models, an observation that was generally robust to divergent case definitions and ancestral backgrounds of study participants. These findings demonstrate the limited potential of even the most powerful contemporary polygenic risk scores as a tool for individualized outcome prediction.
Developing Machine Learning Models for Predicting Intensive Care Unit Resource Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lorenzen Stephan Sloth , Nielsen Mads , Jimenez-Solem Espen , Petersen Tonny Studsgaard , Perner Anders , Thorsen-Meyer Hans-Christian , Igel Christian , Sillesen Martin 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTImportanceThe COVID-19 pandemic has put massive strains on hospitals, and tools to guide hospital planners in resource allocation during the ebbs and flows of the pandemic are urgently needed.ObjectiveWe investigate whether Machine Learning (ML) can be used for predictions of intensive care requirements 5 and 10 days into the future.DesignRetrospective design where health Records from 34,012 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients was extracted. Random Forest (RF) models were trained to predict risk of ICU admission and use of mechanical ventilation after n days (n = 5, 10).SettingTwo Danish regions, encompassing approx. 2.5 million citizens.ParticipantsAll patients from the bi-regional area with a registered positive SARS-CoV-2 test from March 2020 to January 2021.Main outcomesPrediction of future 5- and 10-day requirements of ICU admission and ventilator use. Mortality was also predicted.ResultsModels predicted 5-day risk of ICU admission with an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) of 0.986 and 5-day risk of use of ventilation with an ROC-AUC of 0.995. The corresponding 5-day forecasting models predicted the needed ICU capacity with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.930 and use of ventilation with an R2 of 0.934. Performance was comparable but slightly reduced for 10-day forecasting models.ConclusionsRandom Forest-based modelling can be used for accurate 5- and 10-day forecasting predictions of ICU resource requirements.FundingThe study was funded by grants from the Novo Nordisk Foundation to MS (#NNF20SA0062879 and #NNF19OC0055183) and MN (#NNF20SA0062879).The foundation took no part in project design, data handling and manuscript preparation.KEY POINTSQuestionCan machine learning models (ML) be used for predicting hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) resource requirements, and thus assist in logistics crisis management during the COVID-19 pandemic?FindingsRetrospective study of the resource use of 34.012 COVID-19 patients during the first and second COVID-19 wave in Denmark. ML models were trained for the purpose of predicting the number of patients needing ICU admission and ventilators 5 and 10 day after their first positive SARS-CoV-2 test. The study demonstrates that ML models can accurately predict intensive care admission requirements with 5-day area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) of 0.986 and need for ventilator support with a ROC-AUC of 0.995. 10-day predictions were comparable.MeaningThe study demonstrates that ML modelled could be a useful tool for hospital planners during crisis management, including the current COVID-19 pandemic.