bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anterior-posterior view by full-body digital X-ray to rule out severe spinal injuries in Polytraumatized patients
Authors: Häckel Sonja , Hofmann Elena , Anwander Helen , Albers Christoph E. , Basedow Jasmin , Bigdon Sebastian F. , Exadaktylos Aristomenis K. , Keel Marius J. B. , Dunn Robert N. , Maqungo Sithombo , Benneker Lorin M. , Held Michael , Hoppe Sven 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Spinal injuries are present in 16–31% of polytraumatized patients. Rapid identification of spinal injuries requiring immobilization or operative treatment is essential. The Lodox-Statscan (LS) has evolved into a promising time-saving diagnostic tool to diagnose life-threatening injuries with an anterior-posterior (AP)-full-body digital X-ray.

Methods
We aimed to analyze the diagnostic accuracy and the interrater reliability of AP-LS to detect spinal injuries in polytraumatized patients. Therefore, within 3 years, AP-LS of polytraumatized patients (ISS ≥ 16) were retrospectively analyzed by three independent observers. The sensitivity and specificity of correct diagnosis with AP-LS compared to CT scan were calculated. The diagnostic accuracy was evaluated by using the area under the ROC (receiver operating characteristic curve) for sensitivity and specificity. Interrater reliability between the three observers was calculated using Fleiss’ Kappa. The sensitivity of AP-LS was further analyzed by the severity of spinal injuries.

Results
The study group included 320 patients (48.5 years ±19.5, 89 women). On CT scan, 207 patients presented with a spinal injury (65%, total of 332 injuries). AP-LS had a low sensitivity of 9% (31 of 332, range 0–24%) and high specificity of 99% (range 98–100%). The sensitivity was highest for thoracic spinal injuries (14%). The interrater reliability was slight (κ = 0.02; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.03). Potentially unstable spinal injuries were more likely to be detected than stable injuries (sensitivity 18 and 6%, respectively).

Conclusion
This study demonstrated high specificity with low sensitivity of AP-LS in detecting spinal injuries compared to CT scan. In polytraumatized patients, AP-LS, implemented in the Advanced Trauma Life Support-algorithm, is a helpful tool to diagnose life-threatening injuries. However, if spinal injuries are suspected, performing a full-body CT scan is necessary for correct diagnosis.
The predictive value of serial serum estradiol and serial endometrial volume on endometrial receptivity on assisted reproductive technology cycles
Authors: Silva Martins R. , Helio Oliani A. , Vaz Oliani D. , Martinez de Oliveira J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Diagnosis of endometrial receptivity is still unclear and conflicting. Despite advances in embryo development during assisted reproductive technologies (ART) cycles, the intricate process of implantation is still matter for debate and research.

Materials and methods
Prospective case control of 169 subjects during ovarian controlled stimulation for ART. Endometrial receptivity assessment to predict clinical pregnancy with serial continuous biochemical (serum estradiol) and biophysical (endometrial volume and adjusted endometrial volume) parameters were used. Both parameters were compared between negative and positive outcome in terms of clinical pregnancy.

Results
No statistical difference was noted between the two groups in terms of demographics and ART procedures and scores. Serum estradiol was significantly higher in the positive group from day 8 after ovarian controlled stimulation. Endometrial volume and adjusted endometrial volume were significantly higher in the positive group as soon as day 6 of ovarian controlled stimulation.

Conclusions
Continuous serum estradiol and 3D endometrial volume and adjusted endometrial volumes may reflect endometrial changes during ART procedures and provide a useful real time tool for clinicians in predicting endometrial receptivity.
Single cell eQTL analysis identifies cell type-specific genetic control of gene expression in fibroblasts and reprogrammed induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Neavin Drew , Nguyen Quan , Daniszewski Maciej S. , Liang Helena H. , Chiu Han Sheng , Wee Yong Kiat , Senabouth Anne , Lukowski Samuel W. , Crombie Duncan E. , Lidgerwood Grace E. , Hernández Damián , Vickers James C. , Cook Anthony L. , Palpant Nathan J. , Pébay Alice , Hewitt Alex W. , Powell Joseph E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe discovery that somatic cells can be reprogrammed to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has provided a foundation for in vitro human disease modelling, drug development and population genetics studies. Gene expression plays a critical role in complex disease risk and therapeutic response. However, while the genetic background of reprogrammed cell lines has been shown to strongly influence gene expression, the effect has not been evaluated at the level of individual cells which would provide significant resolution. By integrating single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and population genetics, we apply a framework in which to evaluate cell type-specific effects of genetic variation on gene expression.ResultsHere, we perform scRNA-seq on 64,018 fibroblasts from 79 donors and map expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) at the level of individual cell types. We demonstrate that the majority of eQTLs detected in fibroblasts are specific to an individual cell subtype. To address if the allelic effects on gene expression are maintained following cell reprogramming, we generate scRNA-seq data in 19,967 iPSCs from 31 reprogramed donor lines. We again identify highly cell type-specific eQTLs in iPSCs and show that the eQTLs in fibroblasts almost entirely disappear during reprogramming.ConclusionsThis work provides an atlas of how genetic variation influences gene expression across cell subtypes and provides evidence for patterns of genetic architecture that lead to cell type-specific eQTL effects.
Operational solar flare prediction model using Deep Flare Net
Authors: Nishizuka Naoto , Kubo Yûki , Sugiura Komei , Den Mitsue , Ishii Mamoru 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe developed an operational solar flare prediction model using deep neural networks, named Deep Flare Net (DeFN). DeFN can issue probabilistic forecasts of solar flares in two categories, such as ≥ M-class and < M-class events or ≥  C-class and < C-class events, occurring in the next 24 h after observations and the maximum class of flares occurring in the next 24 h. DeFN is set to run every 6 h and has been operated since January 2019. The input database of solar observation images taken by the Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO) is downloaded from the data archive operated by the Joint Science Operations Center (JSOC) of Stanford University. Active regions are automatically detected from magnetograms, and 79 features are extracted from each region nearly in real time using multiwavelength observation data. Flare labels are attached to the feature database, and then, the database is standardized and input into DeFN for prediction. DeFN was pretrained using the datasets obtained from 2010 to 2015. The model was evaluated with the skill score of the true skill statistics (TSS) and achieved predictions with TSS = 0.80 for ≥  M-class flares and TSS = 0.63 for ≥  C-class flares. For comparison, we evaluated the operationally forecast results from January 2019 to June 2020. We found that operational DeFN forecasts achieved TSS = 0.70 (0.84) for ≥  C-class flares with the probability threshold of 50 (40)%, although there were very few M-class flares during this period and we should continue monitoring the results for a longer time. Here, we adopted a chronological split to divide the database into two for training and testing. The chronological split appears suitable for evaluating operational models. Furthermore, we proposed the use of time-series cross-validation. The procedure achieved TSS = 0.70 for ≥  M-class flares and 0.59 for ≥  C-class flares using the datasets obtained from 2010 to 2017. Finally, we discuss the standard evaluation methods for operational forecasting models, such as the preparation of observation, training, and testing datasets, and the selection of verification metrics.
Educational Collaboration Between Russian-Born US Physicians and Russian Oncology Trainees in Evidence-Based Medicine: The Higher School of Oncology
Authors: Baron Ekaterina , Sittig Michelle , Kotov Maxim , Fomintsev Ilya , Gushchin Vadim 
Published: March 2021

PURPOSE The 2-year Russian oncology residency focuses on diagnosis and treatment of malignancies but lacks evidence-based medicine (EBM) and patient communication skills (PCS) training. To overcome these educational disparities, the 5-year national program, the Higher School of Oncology (HSO), involving Russian expatriate physicians trained in the United States was established. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted. Highly motivated oncology residents were enrolled in the program through the three-step selection process. US-trained Russian expatriate physicians acted as mentors. EBM skills were taught through weekly online journal clubs and clinical case presentations. PCS training included live seminars and simulations after journal clubs. EBM knowledge was assessed using Fresno test among newly enrolled and postgraduate year (PGY) 2-5 HSO residents. PCS were evaluated via simulation exam including two clinical scenarios (maximum score 100 each) among 17 PGY2 HSO residents and seven non-HSO trainees. RESULTS Overall, 54 residents were enrolled over 5 years (8-13 annually); four were released from the program. The mean age was 24 ± 1 years, and 56% were females. Median scores of Fresno test were significantly higher among PGY 2-4 HSO residents compared with newly enrolled participants: 111 (IQR, 71-128) versus 68 (IQR, 42-84), P = .042; moreover, performance correlated with year of program participation (rs = 0.5; P < .0001). PCS assessment score was significantly higher among HSO residents than non-HSO trainees: 71 (IQR, 58-84) versus 15 (IQR, 10-30) for scenario number 1 ( P < .0001) and 78 (IQR, 71-85) versus 22 (IQR, 4-58) for scenario number 2 ( P = .005), respectively. CONCLUSION The involvement of Western-trained expatriates in remote education improves EBM and PCS among oncology trainees from their home country. This strategy can be useful in overcoming global medical education disparities in other specialties and in countries facing similar challenges.
Revealing the Concealed Effect of Top Earnings on the Gender Gap in the Economic Value of Higher Education in the United States, 1980–2017
Authors: Mandel Hadas , Rotman Assaf 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe expansion of women's educational attainment may seem to be a promising path toward achieving economic equality between men and women, given the consistent rise in the economic value of higher education. Using yearly data from 1980 to 2017, we provide an updated and comprehensive examination of the gender gap in education premiums, showing that it is not as promising as it could and should be. Women receive lower rewards to their higher education across the entire wage distribution, and this gender gap increases at the very top education premiums—the top quarter and, even more so, the top decile. Moreover, insufficient theoretical and methodological attention to this top premium effect has left gender inequality concealed in the extensive empirical studies on the topic. Specifically, when we artificially censor the top at the 80th wage percentile, the gender gaps in education premium reverse. Lastly, the growth in earnings inequality in the United States, which is greatly affected by the expansion of top earnings, is associated with the growing gender gap in education premiums over time. We discuss the meaning and implications of this structural disadvantage at a time when women's educational advantage keeps growing and higher education remains the most important factor for economic attainment.
Prevalence, awareness and control of hypertension in Ghana: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bosu William Kofi , Bosu Dary Kojo 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundHypertension is a major health problem in Ghana, being a leading cause of admissions and deaths in the country. In the context of a changing food and health policy environment, we undertook a systematic review (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020177174) and a meta-analysis of the prevalence of adult hypertension, and its awareness and control in Ghana.MethodsWe searched major databases including PubMed, Embase as well as Google Scholar and online digital collections of public universities of Ghana to locate relevant published and unpublished community-based articles up till April 2020.FindingsEighty-five articles involving 82,045 apparently-healthy subjects aged 15–100 years were analyzed. In individual studies, the prevalence of hypertension, defined in most cases as blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg, ranged from 2.8% to 67.5%. The pooled prevalence from the meta-analysis was 27.0% (95% CI 24.0%-30.0%), being twice as high in the coastal (28%, 95% CI: 24.0%-31.0%) and middle geo-ecological belts (29%, 95% CI: 25.0%-33.0%) as in the northern belt (13%, 95% CI: 7.0%-21.0%). The prevalence was similar by sex, urban-rural residence or peer-review status of the included studies. It did not appear to vary over the study year period 1976–2019. Of the subjects with hypertension, only 35% (95% CI: 29.0%-41.0%) were aware of it, 22% (95% CI: 16.0%-29.0%) were on treatment and 6.0% (95% CI: 3.0%-10.0%) had their blood pressure controlled. Sensitivity analyses corroborated the robust estimates. There was, however, high heterogeneity (I2= 98.7%) across the studies which was partly explained by prevalent obesity in the subjects.ConclusionMore than one in four adults in Ghana have hypertension. This high prevalence has persisted for decades and is similar in rural and urban populations. With the low awareness and poor control of hypertension, greater investments in cardiovascular health are required if Ghana is to meet the global target for hypertension.
Alkaloids Production and Cell Growth of Cinchona ledgeriana Moens: Effects of Fungal Filtrate and Methyl Jasmonate Elicitors
Authors: Hasibuan Yustiny Andaliza , Ratnadewi Diah , Mas’ud Zainal Alim 
Published: March 2021

Cinchona alkaloids are known as antimalaria and anti-arrhythmic. Due to the long waiting time to harvest, cell culture technology is a challenge. This study aimed to determine the effects of elicitors, filtrate of two strains of endophytic fungi and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), in cell suspension culture of Cinchona ledgeriana on quinine and quinidine production. The cells were cultured for seven weeks in woody plant (WP) media treated with either of those elicitors in various concentrations. The cells growth was observed and the alkaloids were analyzed by HPLC. Cells treated with MeJA failed to grow that led to the cell biomass insufficiency for alkaloids determination. It indicates that the cells are quite sensitive to even low concentration of MeJA that hampered the growth. Cells treated with the filtrate of Diaporthe sp. M13-Millipore filtered (S2M) gave the least cell biomass but presented the highest content of both alkaloids. Diaporthe sp. strain M-13 is stronger as elicitor than M-23 for this plant species. Filtrate of non-virulent fungi can elevate the biosynthesis of alkaloids. This reconfirms that cultured cells are capable to produce secondary metabolites and the productivity can be increased by using an appropriate elicitor.
EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL: LEVANTAMENTO DAS PRÁTICAS SUSTENTÁVEIS APLICADAS AO SETOR PESQUEIRO (PESCA E AQUICULTURA) COMO FERRAMENTA DE REFLEXÃO
Authors: Brito da Silva Medeiros Thatiane , Gabriel da Silva Santana Vinícius , Adlany Dias da Silva Raimunda , Bezerra dos Santos Daniele , Soares Pontes Cibele 
Published: March 2021

Diante do agravamento da crise ambiental global é indispensável um esforço para a educação em questões ambientais, na finalidade de fundamentar a conduta dos indivíduos, das empresas e das coletividades inspirada no sentido de sua responsabilização sobre a proteção e conservação do meio ambiente. O estudo teve por intuito realizar um levantamento das práticas sustentáveis aplicadas aos segmentos da atividade pesqueira, bem como analisar alternativas que favoreçam o desenvolvimento sustentável do setor, apresentando sugestões descritas na literatura, para os problemas que afetam a atividade, integrando benefícios ecológicos, econômicos e sociais. Para a realização deste estudo foi realizada a seguinte pergunta investigativa “Quais estudos da literatura apresentam práticas sustentáveis na área de recursos pesqueiros (pesca e aquicultura)?”. Assim, a escolha pelo levantamento bibliográfico ocorreu pela adequação da metodologia de estudo ao objetivo da pesquisa. Para este levantamento identificou-se que a maioria das práticas ambientais implementadas ou ações sugeridas se relacionou com pesquisas científicas ligadas à indústria, instituições, ou aspectos etnológicos e poucos estudos estiveram relacionadas à área educacional disciplinar. Considerou-se que os estudos acerca das práticas de sustentabilidade direcionadas ao setor pesqueiro são incipientes, com produção muito exígua quando comparados com a mesma temática para outras áreas.
The Concept Of Nurayn in Learning: A Theological Basis Of Teacher–Student Relationship In Education
Authors: Atmaja Dwi Surya , Prasojo Zaenuddin Hudi , Towpek Hadenan 
Published: March 2021

Abstrak: Terdapat dua isu yang saling berlawanan pada dominasi domain kognitif, yaitu pertama, lebih diutamakan untuk mendahulukan nilai-nilai afektif sebelum kognitif, dan kedua, narasi-narasi Emotional Quotient (EQ) dan Spiritual Quotient (SQ) dipromosikan untuk mendorong pentingnya Intelectual Quotient (IQ) dalam sistem pendidikan. Setelah melalui proses yang dinamis, usulan muncul untuk meningkatkan Kurikulum Berbasis Sekolah (KBS) menjadi Kurikulum2013 (K13). Dalam K13, domain afektif dimunculan dalam bentuk Kompentensi Spiritual dan Kompetensi Sosial sementara domain kognitif dan psikomotorik dipertahankan. Secara teologis konsep yang ditawarkan ini sesuai dengan apa yang disebut Insan Kamil dan usaha untuk membangun tujuan-tujuan yang diharapkan tersebut terletak pada transformasi dari pengetahuan yang profan menuju perspektif teologi Islam yang dianggap suci. Ilmu pengetahun sebagai Cahaya Ilahi hanya dapat ditransformasikan oleh orang yang berhati suci (guru). ملخص: هناك مسألتان متعارضتان في هيمنة المجال المعرفي. أولا ، تقديم القيم العاطفية قبل الإدراك. ثانياً ، ترقية السرد العاطفي(EQ)والسرد الروحي(SQ)لتشجيع أهمية "الحكمة الفكرية" (IQ)في نظام التعليم. بعد اجتياز العملية الديناميكية ، ظهرت اقتراحات لتحسين المنهج الدراسي المدرسي(KBS)إلى المنهج الدراسي 2013.(K13)في المنهج الدراسي 13(K13)، يظهر المجال العاطفي في صورة الكفاءة الروحية والكفاءة الاجتماعية بينما بقاء الحفاظ على المجالات المعرفية والحركية. إن المفهوم المقدم من الناحية اللاهوتية يتماشى مع ما يطلق عليه إنسان كامل، والجهد الرامي إلى بناء الأهداف المرجوة يكمن في تحويل المعرفة المهينة إلى منظور اللاهوت الإسلامي الذي يعتبر مقدسًا. العلم كالنورالإلهي ولا يمكن توصيله إلا من قبلالمعلم الطاهر القلب.
Piperine Attenuates the Inflammatory Response, Oxidative Stress and Pyroptosis to Facilitate Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury via Autophagy Enhancement
Authors: Zhang Haojie , Wu Chenyu , Huang Jin-Feng , Chen Yanlin , Ni Wen-Fei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious injury that can lead to irreversible motor dysfunction and subsequently result in disability and even death. Due to its complicated pathogenic mechanism, there are no effective drug treatments. Piperine, a natural active alkaloid extracted from black pepper, suppressed inflammation in a previous study. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of piperine in a spinal cord injury model.Methods: Spinal cord injury was induced in C57BL/6 mice by clamping the spinal cord with a vascular clip (15 g force; Oscar) for 1 min. Eighty mice were divided randomly into the following four groups: The Sham group (n = 20), the SCI+Vehicle group (n = 20), the SCI+ Piperine group (n = 20), and the SCI+ Piperine+3MA group (n = 20). Before SCI and every 2 days post-SCI, evaluations of the Basso mouse scale (BMS) were performed. On day 14 after SCI, inclined plane tests and footprint analyses were performed. On postoperative day 3, the spinal cord was harvested to assess pyroptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation, and autophagy. Qualitative or quantitative analysis of the components of these potential mechanisms was performed by Western blotting (WB), immunofluorescence (IF), quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: Piperine enhanced the functional recovery of spinal cord injury. Additionally, piperine inhibited inflammation, attenuated oxidative stress and pyroptosis, and activated autophagy. However, the effects of piperine on the functional recovery of SCI, ROS-mediated autophagy, inflammation and pyroptosis were reversed by the inhibition of autophagy.Conclusions: Our experiments demonstrated that piperine facilitated the functional recovery of spinal cord injury by inhibiting the inflammatory response, oxidative stress and pyroptosis, which are mediated by the activation of autophagy.
Patient Perspectives of Target Weight Management and Ultrafiltration in Haemodialysis: A Multi-Center Survey
Authors: Keane David Francis , Glyde Megan , Dasgupta Indranil , Gardiner Claire , Lindley Elizabeth , Mitra Sandip , Palmer Nicholas , Dye Louise , Wright Mark , Sutherland Ed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Decisions around planned ultrafiltration volumes are the only part of the haemodialysis prescription decided upon at every session. Removing too much fluid or too little is associated with both acute symptoms and long-term outcomes. The degree to which patients engage with or influence decision-making is not clear. We explored patient perspectives of prescribing ultrafiltration volumes, their understanding of the process and engagement with it.Methods: A questionnaire developed for this study was administered to 1077 patients across 10 UK Renal Units. Factor analysis reduced the dataset into factors representing common themes. Relationships between survey results and factors were investigated using regression models. ANCOVA was used to explore differences between Renal Units.Results: Patients generally felt in control of their fluid management and that they were given the final say on planned ultrafiltration volumes. Around half of the respondents reported they take an active role in their treatment. However, respondents were largely unable to relate signs and symptoms to fluid management practice and a third said they would not report common signs and symptoms to clinicians. A fifth of patients reported not to know how ultrafiltration volumes were calculated. Patients responded positively to questions relating to healthcare staff, though with significant variation between units, highlighting differences in perception of care.Conclusions: Despite a lack of formal acknowledgement in fluid management protocols, patients have significant involvement in decisions regarding fluid removal during dialysis. Furthermore, substantial gaps remain in patient knowledge and engagement. Formalizing the role of patients in these decisions, including patient education, may improve prescription and achievement of target weights.