bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rising Rates and Widening Socioeconomic Disparities in Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Type 1 Diabetes in Scotland: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Observational Study
Authors: O’Reilly Joseph E. , Jeyam Anita , Caparrotta Thomas M. , Mellor Joseph , Hohn Andreas , McKeigue Paul M. , McGurnaghan Stuart J. , Blackbourn Luke A.K. , McCrimmon Rory , Wild Sarah H. , Petrie John R. , McKnight John A. , Kennon Brian , Chalmers John , Phillip Sam , Leese Graham , Lindsay Robert S. , Sattar Naveed , Gibb Fraser W. , Colhoun Helen M. 
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE
Whether advances in the management of type 1 diabetes are reducing rates of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is unclear. We investigated time trends in DKA rates in a national cohort of individuals with type 1 diabetes monitored for 14 years, overall and by socioeconomic characteristics.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
All individuals in Scotland with type 1 diabetes who were alive and at least 1 year old between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2018 were identified using the national register (N = 37,939). DKA deaths and hospital admissions were obtained through linkage to Scottish national death and morbidity records. Bayesian regression was used to test for DKA time trends and association with risk markers, including socioeconomic deprivation.

RESULTS
There were 30,427 DKA admissions and 472 DKA deaths observed over 393,223 person-years at risk. DKA event rates increased over the study period (incidence rate ratio [IRR] per year 1.058 [95% credibility interval 1.054–1.061]). Males had lower rates than females (IRR male-to-female 0.814 [0.776–0.855]). DKA incidence rose in all age-groups other than 10- to 19-year-olds, in whom rates were the highest, but fell over the study. There was a large socioeconomic differential (IRR least-to-most deprived quintile 0.446 [0.406–0.490]), which increased during follow-up. Insulin pump use or completion of structured education were associated with lower DKA rates, and antidepressant and methadone prescription were associated with higher DKA rates.

CONCLUSIONS
DKA incidence has risen since 2004, except in 10- to 19-year-olds. Of particular concern are the strong and widening socioeconomic disparities in DKA outcomes. Efforts to prevent DKA, especially in vulnerable groups, require strengthening.
Circulating Free Fatty Acid and Phospholipid Signature Predicts Early Rapid Kidney Function Decline in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Afshinnia Farsad , Rajendiran Thekkelnaycke M. , He Chenchen , Byun Jaeman , Montemayor Daniel , Darshi Manjula , Tumova Jana , Kim Jiwan , Limonte Christine P. , Miller Rachel G. , Costacou Tina , Orchard Trevor J. , Ahluwalia Tarunveer S. , Rossing Peter , Snell-Bergeon Janet K. , de Boer Ian H. , Natarajan Loki , Michailidis George , Sharma Kumar , Pennathur Subramaniam 
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVESPatients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) exhibit modest lipid abnormalities as measured by traditional metrics. This study aimed to identify lipidomic predictors of rapid decline of kidney function in T1D.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSIn a case-control study, 817 patients with T1D from three large cohorts were randomly split into training and validation subsets. Case was defined as &gt;3 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), while control was defined as &lt;1 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year decline over a minimum 4-year follow-up. Lipids were quantified in baseline serum samples using a targeted mass spectrometry lipidomic platform.RESULTSAt individual lipids, free fatty acid (FFA)20:2 was directly and phosphatidylcholine (PC)16:0/22:6 was inversely and independently associated with rapid eGFR decline. When examined by lipid class, rapid eGFR decline was characterized by higher abundance of unsaturated FFAs, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)-Ps, and PCs with an unsaturated acyl chain at the sn1 carbon, and by lower abundance of saturated FFAs, longer triacylglycerols, and PCs, PEs, PE-Ps, and PE-Os with an unsaturated acyl chain at the sn1 carbon at eGFR ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2. A multilipid panel consisting of unsaturated FFAs and saturated PE-Ps predicted rapid eGFR decline better than individual lipids (C-statistic, 0.71) and improved the C-statistic of the clinical model from 0.816 to 0.841 (P = 0.039). Observations were confirmed in the validation subset.CONCLUSIONSDistinct from previously reported predictors of GFR decline in type 2 diabetes, these findings suggest differential incorporation of FFAs at the sn1 carbon of the phospholipids’ glycerol backbone as an independent predictor of rapid GFR decline in T1D.
Sengketa Sertifikat Hak Guna Bangunan Di Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara Makassar Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam
Authors: Amriani Amriani , M. Sewang Ahmad 
Published: July 2021

AbstrakPandangan Hukum Islam tentang sengketa adalah Konflik dan sengketa yang terjadi di kalangan umat manusia merupakan suatu realitas karena manusia dibekali akal dan wahyu serta mampu menemukan pola penyelesaian sengketa sehingga penegakan keadilan dapat terwujud. Sengketa yang di lakukan di Pengadilan tata usaha Negara Makassar adalah lingkungan peradilan dibawa mahkama agung yang melaksanakan kekuasaan kehakiman bagi rakyat pencari keadilan terhadap sengketa Tata Usaha Negara. Jadi dalam penyelesaian sengketa Tata Usaha negara dapat di lakukan dengan tiga cara yaitu prosedur, subtansi dan kepentingan. adapun pertimbangan hukum hakim ada dua yaitu pertimbangan menurut ketentuan hukum Agrariya dan hukum Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara. Pola penyelesaian sengketa dapat dirumuskan manusia dengan merujuk pada sejumlah ayat al-Quran, hadis Nabi, praktek adat dan berbagai kearifan lokal. Kata Kunci : Hak Guna Bangunan, Hukum Islam, Sengketa, Sertifikat. AbstractThe view of Islamic law on disputes is that conflicts and disputes that occur among humanity are a reality because humans are equipped with reason and revelation and are able to find patterns of dispute resolution so that justice can be realized. The dispute carried out in the Makassar State Administrative Court is a judicial environment brought by the Supreme Court which exercises judicial power for the people seeking justice for the State Administration dispute. So in the settlement of a state administration dispute can be done in three ways, namely procedures, substance and interests. As for the legal considerations of judges, there are two, namely considerations according to the provisions of Agrarian law and the law of the State Administrative Court. Patterns of dispute resolution can be formulated by humans by referring to a number of verses of the paper, hadith of the prophet, customary practices and various local wisdoms.Keywords: Building Rights, Certificates, Disputes, Islamic Law.
KEDUDUKAN BARANG LELANG YANG DIGUNAKAN UNTUK MELAKUKAN TINDAK PIDANA PENCURIAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Alfiana Riska , Sinilele Ashar 
Published: July 2021

AbstrakPelaksanaan lelang terhadap barang yang digunakan dalam tindak pidana pencurian yang dilakukan oleh Kejaksaan Negeri Gowa selama ini tidak berjalan efektif. Hal ini disebabkan oleh lamanya waktu yang dibutuhkan oleh pihak Kejaksaan, jurusita dan panitia lelang yang terkait dalam proses penyelesaian suatu lelang terhadap barang rampasan. Dalam pandangan Hukum Islam barang lelang yang di rampas untuk negara yaitu barang yang digunakan dalam tindak pidana, hukumnya boleh karena penyitaan yang dilakukan oleh negara tersebut bisa dibenarkan oleh syariat karena penyitaan tersebut dalam rangka mewujudkan kepentingan bersama seluruh masyarakat serta dalam rangka pengembalian hak. Kata Kunci : Barang Lelang, Tindak Pidana Pencurian, Hukum Islam. AbstractThe auction of goods used in the theft crime carried out by the Gowa District Attorney hasn’t been effective. This is caused by the length of time required by the Prosecutor's Office, the bailiff and the auction committee involved in the process of completing an auction of the spoils. In view of Islamic Law, auctioned goods seized for the state are goods used in criminal acts, the law may be because the confiscation carried out by the state can be justified by the Shari'a because the confiscation is in order to realize the common interests of all people and in the context of returning rights.Keywords: Auction Items, Criminal Crimes, Islamic Law.
TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP SEWA MENYEWA POHON CENGKEH DI KABUPATEN SINJAI
Authors: Hartalena Hartalena , Sanusi Nur Taufiq , Anis Muhammad 
Published: July 2021

AbstrakSewa menyewa (ijarah) merupakan bentuk perjanjian timbal balik yang menimbulkan kewajiban-kewajiban kepada kedua belah pihak dan hak serta kewajibannya itu mempunyai hubungan satu dengan yang lainnya.. Sewa menyewa pohon engkeh di Desa Bonto Sinala merupakan bentuk sewa menyewa dengan mengambil buah dari pohon engkeh dalam satu kali masa panen. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan, dengan pendekatan penelitian adalah: Normatif Yuridis. Sumber data penelitian adalah wawancara dengan masyarakat desa Bonto Sinala. Hasil penelitian ini adalah Mengenai praktek sewa menyewa yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat setempat dan bagaimana pandangan hukum Islam terhadap praktek sewa menyewa tersebut . Implikasi penelitian adalah agar kiranya masyarakat bisa melakukan kegiatan bermuamalah dengan mengedepankan prinsip hukum Islam agar tidak terjadi permasalahan di kemudian hari.Kata Kunci : Hukum Islam, Pohon Cengkeh, Sewa Menyewa. AbstractLeasing (ijarah) is a form of reciprocal agreement that creates obligations to both parties and their rights and obligations have a relationship with one another. Leasing a small tree in the village of Bonto Sinala is a form of leasing by taking fruit from a small tree in one harvest time. The method of this research is field research, the research approach is: Normative Juridical. The source of research data was interviews with the Bonto Sinala villagers. The results of this study are regarding the practice of renting by the local community and how the view of Islamic law towards the practice of renting. The implication of the research is that it is possible for the community to carry out activities with bermuamalah by promoting the principles of Islamic law so that problems do not occur in the future.Keywords: Clove Tree, Islamic Law, Leasing.
TINJAUAN HUKUM TERJADINYA WANPRESTASI GADAI SAWAH
Authors: Sutriani Sutriani , Safriani Andi , Sinilele Ashar 
Published: July 2021

AbstrakWanprestasi gadai sawah di Desa Lambarese terjadi karena salah satu pemicunya adalah si pemilik sawah tidak jujur di awal perjanjian bahwasanya sawah tersebut banyak pihak yang menggadai dan serifikat dari sawah tersebut telah di gadaikan di Bank. Proses dalam pelaksanaan transaksi gadai sawah di desa Lambarese antara penggadai (rahin) dengan pihak penerima gadai (murtahin) dengan kata lain prinsipnya sama dengan gadai sawah pada umumnya yang berlaku dikalangan masyarakat lain. Upaya masyarakat dalam melaksanakan gadai sawah di desa Lambarese yaitu: Musyawarah secara kekeluargaan, ketika tidak menemukan titik temu, maka diadakan musyawarah dengan pemerintah setempat, ketika keduanya tidak menemukan titik temu maka masyarakat yang terlibat dalam gadai sawah tersebut mengajukannya kepengadilan. Di dalam KUHPer, perjanjian hutang piutang di golongkan sebagai perjanjian khusus. Perjanjian yang di lakukan oleh masyarakat Desa Lambarese dalam hal gadai sawah dilakukan secara tertulis.Kata Kunci: Gadai Sawah, Tinjauan Hukum, Wanprestasi. AbstractThe default of the paddy pawning in Lambarese Village occurred because one of the triggers was the dishonest owner of the rice field at the beginning of the agreement that many parties had pawned the rice field and the certificate of the rice field had been mortgaged at the Bank. The process of implementing a rice field pawning transaction in Lambarese village between the pawner (rahin) and the recipient of the pawning (murtahin) in other words, the principle is the same as the paddy pawn transaction in general which applies among other communities. The efforts of the community in implementing rice field pawning in Lambarese village are: Family discussion, when they do not find a common ground, a discussion is held with the local government, when the two do not find common ground, the community involved in the pawnshop submits it to court. In the Criminal Code, accounts payable agreement is classified as a special agreement. The agreement made by the people of Lambarese Village in the case of a rice field pawn is done in writing.Keywords: Default, Legal Review, Pawn of Rice
Tinjauan Hukum Islam Terhadap Pelaksanaan Transaksi Gadai Sawah
Authors: Cahyani Putri Biri Ayu Reski , Safriani Andi 
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk kesepakatan transaksi gadai sawah yang ada di Kabupaten Pinrang, untuk mengetahui bagaimana pandangan masyarakat mengenai bentuk transaksi pelaksanaan gadai tanah di Kabupaten Pinrang terkhusus di Desa Masolo Kecamatan Patampanua Kabupaten Pinrang dan Untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan transaksi gadai sawah di Kabupaten Pinrang sesuai dengan ketentuan Hukum Islam.Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian lapangan (field reserch), jenis penelitian ini tergolong kuantitatif dengan pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah: sosiologis dan budaya Adapun sumber sumber data penelitian ini adalah Sekertaris Desa, Aparat Desa, dan Masyarakat. Selanjutnya metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah: wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan teknik pengelolaan dan analisis data yang dilakukan adalah dengan 2 tahapan, yaitu: 1) pengelolaan data berupa editing dan verifikasi. 2) analisis data dengan reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan.Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kejanggalan dalam melakukan bentuk transaksi gadai tanah di Desa Masolo Kecamatan Patampanua Kabupaten Pinrang, yaitu bentuk transaksi gadai tidak sesuai dengan rukun dan syarat sahnya dalam gadai menurut hukum Islam yaitu adanya beberapa ketidaksahan dalam shigat akad, ketika ijab qabul diucapkan tidak ada batas waktu yang ditetapkan sehingga apa yang disyaratkan tersebut mengandung unsur yang tidak jelas, bahwa terjadinya pemanfaatan barang gadai secara berlebihan yang dilakukan oleh pihak murtahin kepada pihak rahin yang meminta bagi hasil tetapi mematok harga tanpa mengetahui hasil dari jaminan barang gadai tersebut, sehingga membuat salah satu pihak merasa terbebani dikarenakan pihak rahin harus membayar hutang diluar hutang pokoknya sehingga bertentangan dalam syariat Islam, karena rukun dan syarat sahnya akad tidak terpenuhi.Kata Kunci : Tinjauan, Hukum Islam, Transaksi, Gadai
Perjanjian Kerja Laut Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Ketenagakerjaan Di Indonesia
Authors: Djufri Andi Takdir 
Published: July 2021

AbstrakBerdasarkan Pasal 1 ayat 21 Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan, perjanjian buruh dikenal dengan istilah perjanjian kerja bersama yaitu perjanjian yang merupakan hasil perundingan antara seorang pekerja/buruh atau serikat pekerja/buruh yang tercatat pada instansi yang bertanggung jawab di bidang ketenagakerjaan dengan pengusaha atau perkumpulan pengusaha yang memuat syarat-syarat kerja, hak dan kewajiban kedua belah pihak. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian pustaka dengan pertimbangan karena banyaknya masalah tentang awak kapal yang tidak menerima hak sesuai yang diperjanjikan. Dengan adanya landasan perjanjian perburuhan atau kesepakatan kerja bersama merupakan salah satu sarana untuk terciptanya hubungan industrial pancasila yang menciptakan hubungan yang penuh dengan keselarasan, keserasian dan keseimbangan antara keduanya yang kesemuanya itu bisa dipakai sebagai modal untuk meningkatkan produktifitas yang akhirnya diharapkan bisa menjamin kesejahteraan, kesehatan, dan keselamatan kerja. Dalam pengoperasian kapal laut, ditegaskan bahwa kapal harus dalam keadaan laiklaut dan diawaki oleh sejumlah Awak Kapal yang telah memenuhi persyaratan untuk berlayar.Kata Kunci: Tenaga Kerja, Laut, Perjanjian Kerja. AbstractBased on Article 1 paragraph 21 of Law Number 13 Year 2003 concerning Manpower, a labor agreement is known as a collective labor agreement, namely an agreement which is the result of negotiations between a worker/laborer union registered with the agency responsible for the manpower sector with employers' associations which contain the terms of employment, rights and obligations of both parties. This study uses literature research with the consideration that there are many problems about ship crews who do not receive the rights as promised. With the basis of a labor agreement or collective labor agreement is one of the means for the creation of Pancasila industrial relations which creates a relationship that is full of harmony and balance between the two, all of which can be used as capital to increase productivity which is ultimately expected to guarantee welfare, health, and work safety. In the operation of ships, it is emphasized that the ship must be in a seaworthy condition and manned by a number of crew members who have met the requirements to sail.Keywords: Labor, Sea, Work Agreement.
Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Konsumen Terhadap Kosmetik Yang Mengandung Bahan Berbahaya Di Kota Palopo
Authors: Kahman Hisma 
Published: July 2021

AbstrakBentuk perlindungan hukum yang diberikan oleh Dinas Kesehatan Kota Palopo kepada konsumen yang dirugikan akibat pemakaian kosmetik berbahaya adalah perlindungan hukum preventif melalui pembinaan dan pengawasan terhadap peredaran kosmetik berbahaya dan perlindungan hukum represif. Dinas Kesehatan juga melakukan pengawasan dengan beberapa cara atau upaya, yaitu melalui media elektronik dan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat serta bekerja sama dengan Balai Pengawas Obat dan pihak kepolisian. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa Dinas Kesehatan dalam melakukan pengawasan terhadap kosmetik berbahaya yaitu dengan cara sosialisasi ke masyrakat mengenai bahayanya penggunaan kosmetik yang tidak memiliki izin edar dan apabila ada laporan dari masyarakat tentang penemuan kosmetik atau krim wajah berbahaya Dinas Kesehatan Kota Palopo akan menindak dengan cara melaporkannya ke pihak yang berwajib. Tugas Dinas Kesehatan dalam menjalankan tanggung jawabnya tidak jarang menemui hambatan, seperti hambatan internal, yaitu tidak tersedianya lab untuk menguji bahan yng terkandung pada kosmetik, dan dana yang kurang. Hambatan eksternal, yaitu pelaku usaha yang tidak sadar hukum, minimnya pengetahuan dan kesadaran masyarakat atau konsumen untuk melaporkan kerugian yang dialami akibat penggunaan kosmetik berbahaya ke Dinas Kesehatan Kota Palopo, Bentuk penindak lanjutan terhadap pelaku usaha yang melanggar peraturan tidak memiliki efek jera.Kata Kunci: Perlindungan Hukum, Bahan Berhaya, Konsumen. AbstractThe form of legal protection provided by the Palopo City Health Office to consumers who are harmed by the use of dangerous cosmetics is preventive legal protection through guidance and supervision of the distribution of dangerous cosmetics and repressive legal protection. The Health Office also carries out surveillance in several ways or efforts, namely through electronic media and socialization to the public as well as in collaboration with the Drug Control Center and the police. Thus it can be concluded that the Health Office in supervising dangerous cosmetics is by way of socializing to the public about the dangers of using cosmetics that don’t have a distribution permit and if there are reports from the public about the discovery of dangerous cosmetics or face creams, the Palopo City Health Office will take action by reporting it to the public. the authorities. The task of the Health Office in carrying out its responsibilities often encounters obstacles, such as internal obstacles, namely the unavailability of laboratories to test ingredients contained in cosmetics, and insufficient funds. External obstacles, namely business actors who are not aware of the law, lack of knowledge and awareness of the public or consumers to report losses experienced due to the use of dangerous cosmetics to the Palopo City Health Office. The form of follow-up against business actors who violate regulations has no deterrent effect.Keywords: Legal Protection, Hazardous Materials, Consumers.
Analysis of Control Interventions against Malaria in communities with Limited Resources
Authors: Bakare E.A. , Onasanya B.O. , Hoskova-Mayerova S. , Olubosede O. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to analyse the potential impact of multiple current interventions in communities with limited resources in order to obtain optimal control strategies and provide a basis for future predictions of the most effective control measures against the spread of malaria. We developed a population-based model of malaria transmission dynamics to investigate the effectiveness of five different interventions. The model captured both the human and the mosquito compartments. The control interventions considered were: educational campaigns to mobilise people for diagnostic test and treatment and to sleep under bed nets; treatment through mass drug administration; indoor residual spraying(IRS) with insecticide to reduce malaria transmission; insecticide treated net (ITN) to reduce morbidity; and regular destruction of mosquito breeding sites to reduce the number of new mosquito and bites/contact at dusks and dawn. Analysis of the potential impact of the multiple control interventions were carried out and the optimal control strategies that minimized the number of infected human and mosquito and the cost of applying the various control interventions were determined.
A note on the ternary Diophantine equation x
2 − y
2

m
= z
n
Authors: Bérczes Attila , Le Maohua , Pink István , Soydan Gökhan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Let ℕ be the set of all positive integers. In this paper, using some known results on various types of Diophantine equations, we solve a couple of special cases of the ternary equation x2
− y2m
= zn
, x, y, z, m, n ∈ ℕ, gcd(x, y) = 1, m ≥ 2, n ≥ 3.
An assessment of the aviation industry’s impact on air pollution from its emissions: worldwide and the Ukraine
Authors: Ovdiienko Oksana , Hryhorak Mariia , Marchuk Volodymyr , Bugayko Dmytro 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
CO2 emissions are one of the main causes of the global problem of climate change, the solution to which requires the efforts of every country. One of the main polluters is the energy sector, which includes transport. Despite the seemingly small share of aviation in emissions, its role as a polluter and CO2 emitter cannot be underestimated due to calculated specific rate and a number of factors that were researched. The purpose of this study was to analyze the aviation share in the polluters’ structure and to study if Covid-19 restrictions influence on it, to investigate the share of CO2 emissions from air transport in Ukraine and to assess its impact, to forecast CO2 emissions in Ukraine by 2030 and to build scenarios of possible changes in the direction of decarbonization in the aviation industry. Analysis and synthesis, comparison, methods of pairwise regression and modelling scenarios were used for solving these tasks. The results show that the aviation industry could achieve the carbon reduction targets only by applying different types of carbon pricing with conducting the research and development in the sphere. The last significant improvement in aircraft design technologies and flight operations was achieved almost 60 years ago. Economic incentives at the international and local scales should be used to stimulate aviation manufacturers to invest significant money on R&D to find stable solutions to achieve decarbonization. Development of Ukrainian aviation industry should not stand aside from global trends and must meet modern challenges, including environmental issues. The created scenarios show solutions to achieve decarbonization goals that align with EU best practices.