bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pelibatan Tuhan dalam Wacana Larangan Membuang Sampah: Antara Doa dan Sumpah Serapah
Authors: Kurniawati Wira 
Published: December 2021

One of the main community problems related to rubbish is disposing of it carelessly. This fact then gave rise to various responses such as placing the no-littering signs conveyed through prayer and swearing. This paper aims to examine the discourse elements, the functions and strategies of speech acts, and the use of discourse context. By qualitatively classifying data obtained from several articles and pictures related to the issue, this paper found that in various no-littering-sign through prayers and/or swearing, the discourse was formed from the core elements of the prohibition and various supporting elements, namely more alert preparation, gounder, imposition, and identity. The speech act is in the form of a forbidden-directive speech act to others, but is conveyed through a request-directive speech act to God in order to get a more substantial perlocutionary effect. This is conveyed by explicit and implicit, direct and indirect strategies, literal and non-literal, and express and implied speech acts. The context used relates to life quality and condition. Thus, the emotive function of language is more dominantly used in this type of no-littering sign than the conative function which is generally found in directive speech acts.
Salah satu masalah utama masyarakat terkait sampah adalah membuangnya secara sembarangan. Sebagai respons, kemudian muncullah berbagai reaksi seperti rambu larangan membuang sampah sembarangan yang disampaikan melalui doa dan sumpah serapah. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji unsur-unsur wacana, fungsi dan strategi tindak tutur, serta pemanfaatan konteks wacana tersebut. Dengan mengklasifikasikan data secara kualitatif melalui beberapa artikel dan gambar yang terkait dengan masalah tersebut, tulisan ini menemukan bahwa dalam berbagai tanda larangan membuang sampah sembarangan melalui doa dan/atau umpatan, wacana terbentuk dari unsur inti larangan dan berbagai unsur pendukung. Tindak tutur tersebut berupa tindak tutur direktif terlarang kepada orang lain, tetapi disampaikan melalui tindak tutur direktif permintaan kepada Tuhan agar memperoleh efek perlokusi yang lebih substansial. Hal ini disampaikan melalui strategi eksplisit dan implisit, strategi langsung dan tidak langsung, literal dan non literal, serta tindak tutur tersurat dan tersirat. Konteks yang digunakan berkaitan dengan kualitas dan kondisi hidup, khususnya yang bersifat celaka dan penderitaan. Dengan demikian, fungsi emotif bahasa lebih dominan digunakan pada jenis tanda larangan membuang sampah sembarangan daripada fungsi konatif yang umumnya terdapat pada tindak tutur direktif.
Gebelerde Toxoplazma, Rubella, Sitomegalovirüs Taraması: Yapalım Mı?
Authors: KULAKSIZ Deniz , ERİN Recep , BAKİ ERİN Kübra , BAYOĞLU TEKİN Yeşim 
Published: December 2021

Perinatal veya konjenital enfeksiyonlar olarak da adlandırılan TORCH (Toksoplazma, Rubella, Sitomegalovirüs) enfeksiyonları fetüse bulaşarak teratojen etki gösterebilir.
Çalışmadaki amaç, Trabzon ilindeki gebelerde TORCH prevalansını saptamak ve maliyet analizi ile testin gerekliliğini araştırmaktır.
Çalışma retrospektif dosya araştırması şeklinde planlanmıştır. Ocak 2014 ve Aralık 2018 yılları arasında Trabzon Kanuni Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Kliniğinde ayaktan ya da yatarak tedavi almış gebe kadınlar dahil edilmiştir. Dosya taramasından yaş, gravida, parite, VKİ (vücut kitle indeksi), gebelik haftası, fetüs sayısı, özgeçmiş elde edilmiştir. Laboratuvar analizinden TOX IgG/IgM, RV IgG/IgM, CMV IgG/IgM pozitifliği ve avidite verileri elde edilmiştir. Yaş gruplarına göre anlamlılık için ki kare test uygulanmıştır.
Toplam 15985 test yapılmıştır. Anti TOX IgM pozitif olanların yaş ortalaması 27,31±3,45, anti rubella IgM pozitif olanların 28,23±4,53, anti CMV IgM pozitif olanların ki ise 29,01±4,76 idi. Verilerin analizinde gruplar arasında fark yoktu (p>0,05). Anti TOX IgG pozitifliği tüm testlerde %25,9 (n=4142), anti TOX IgM %1,53 (n=145), anti TOX IgGM +’lerde düşük avidite %13,87 (n=34), anti RV IgG %94,8 (n=15149), anti RV IgM %1 (n=161), anti RV IgGM +’lerde düşük avidite %14,2 (n=23), anti CMV IgG %76,1 (n=12163), anti CMV IgM %1 (n=165), anti CMV IgGM +’lerde düşük avidite %0,1 (n=19) bulunmuştur. Toplam test maliyetleri 554329 Türk lirası bulunmuştur.
Sonuç olarak, gebelikte ilk trimesterda anti rubella IgG taranmasını önerilmektedir. Hem maliyet hem de IgGM pozitif çıkanlardaki çok düşük doğrulama testi pozitifliği göz önüne alındığında toxoplazma ve CMV taranmasını önerilmemektedir.
Ön Lisans İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Eğitiminin Mevcut Durumunun Analizine Yönelik Bir Araştırma
Authors: TUNA Hasan , KARAÇAM Hikmet 
Published: December 2021

İş sağlığı ve güvenliği çok disiplinli (mühendislik, kimya, fizik, hukuk, tıp vb.) bir bilim dalıdır. İş sağlığı ve güvenliği alanında farklı görevlerde ve farklı bilgi, beceri, yetenek düzeylerinde çalışacak nitelikli eleman eksikliği bulunmaktadır. Bu ihtiyacın büyüklüğünden kaynaklı birçok vakıf ve devlet üniversitesinde iş sağlığı ve güvenliği ön lisans programları açılmıştır. Ön lisans program sayısındaki bu artış bazı sıkıntıları da beraberinde getirmiştir.
Bu araştırmada, Türkiye’deki ön lisans iş sağlığı ve güvenliği programları incelenerek çeşitlilik gösteren programlar arasında bir birlikteliğin var olup olmadığı ve ön lisans eğitiminin mevcut durumunun belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla Türkiye’deki 78 iş sağlığı ve güvenliği ön lisans programının ders planı ve ders içeriği, internet verilerine dayanılarak incelenmiştir.
İş sağlığı ve güvenliği ön lisans programları değerlendirildiğinde standart bir uygulama bulunmadığı saptanmıştır. Araştırmada farklı ders adları, farklı krediler ve farklı dönemlerde okutulan derslerle karşılaşılmıştır. Programlar arası bir birliktelik değil dağınıklık ve kopukluk olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, ön lisans iş sağlığı ve güvenliği eğitiminde bir standart olması gerekliliği ortaya çıkmıştır.
Massive Star Cluster Formation and Destruction in Luminous Infrared Galaxies in GOALS. II. An ACS/WFC3 Survey of Nearby LIRGs
Authors: Linden S. T. , Evans A. S. , Larson K. , Privon G. C. , Armus L. , Rich J. , Díaz-Santos T. , Murphy E. J. , Song Y. , Barcos-Muñoz L. , Howell J. , Charmandaris V. , Inami H. , U V. , Surace J. A. , Mazzarella J. M. , Calzetti D. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We present the results of a Hubble Space Telescope WFC3 near-UV and Advanced Camera for Surveys Wide Field Channel optical study into the star cluster populations of a sample of 10 luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs) in the Great Observatories All-Sky LIRG Survey. Through integrated broadband photometry we have derived ages, masses, and extinctions for a total of 1027 star clusters in galaxies with d

L
< 110 Mpc in order to avoid issues related to cluster bending. The measured cluster age distribution slope of

dN

/

d
τ
∝

τ

−
0.5
+

/

−
0.12

is steeper than what has been observed in lower-luminosity star-forming galaxies. Further, differences in the slope of the observed cluster age distribution between inner- (

dN

/

d
τ
∝

τ

−
1.07
+

/

−
0.12

) and outer-disk (

dN

/

d
τ
∝

τ

−
0.37
+

/

−
0.09

) star clusters provide evidence of mass-dependent cluster destruction in the central regions of LIRGs driven primarily by the combined effect of strong tidal shocks and encounters with massive giant molecular clouds. Excluding the nuclear ring surrounding the Seyfert 1 nucleus in NGC 7469, the derived cluster mass function (CMF;

dN

/

dM
∝

M

α

) offers marginal evidence for a truncation in the power law at M

t
∼ 2×106
M
⊙ for our three most cluster-rich sources, which are all classified as early stage mergers. Finally, we find evidence of a flattening of the CMF slope of

dN

/

dM
∝

M

−
1.42
±
0.1

for clusters in late-stage mergers relative to early stage (α = −1.65 ± 0.02), which we attribute to an increase in the formation of massive clusters over the course of the interaction.
Thomson Scattering in the Lower Corona in the Presence of Sunspots
Authors: Saint-Hilaire Pascal , Martínez Oliveros Juan Carlos , Hudson Hugh S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Polarized scattered light from low (few tens of megameter altitudes) coronal transients has been recently reported in Solar Dynamics Observatory/Helioseismic and Magnetic Image (HMI) observations. In a classic paper, Minnaert (1930) provided an analytic theory of polarization via electron scattering in the corona. His work assumed axisymmetric input from the photosphere with a single-parameter limb-darkening function. This diagnostic has recently been used to estimate the free-electron number and mass of HMI transients near the solar limb, but it applies equally well to any coronal material, at any height. Here we extend his work numerically to incorporate sunspots, which can strongly effect the polarization properties of the scattered light in the low corona. Sunspot effects are explored first for axisymmetric model cases, and then applied to the full description of two sunspot groups as observed by HMI. We find that (1) as previously reported by Minnaert, limb darkening has a strong influence, usually increasing the level of linear polarization tangential to the limb; (2) unsurprisingly, the effects of the sunspot generally increase at the lower scatterer altitudes, and increase the larger the sunspot is and the closer to their center the scatterer subpoint is; (3) assuming the Stokes Q > 0 basis to be tangential to the limb, sunspots typically decrease the Stokes Q/I polarization and the perceived electron densities below the spotless case, sometimes dramatically; and (4) typically, a sizeable non-zero Stokes U/I polarization component will appear when a sunspot’s influence becomes non-negligible. However, that is not true in rare cases of extreme symmetry (e.g., scattering mass at the center of an axisymmetric sunspot). The tools developed here are generally applicable to an arbitrary image input.
L’incendie de Notre-Dame, une émotion patrimoniale
Authors: Cuchet Guillaume 
Published: December 2021

L’incendie de Notre-Dame de Paris a suscité en France et dans le monde une émotion dont on a bien senti, sur le moment, qu’elle venait de loin. Forgée dans les entrailles d’une mémoire profonde, elle a trouvé dans l’événement l’occasion de remonter à la surface en amalgamant des choses différentes. Qu’est-ce que l’historien peut en dire ? D’où venait cette émotion ? De quoi était-elle constituée ? Comment rendre compte de son intensité, par-delà le côté visuellement très spectaculaire de l’événement ? De quoi était-elle l’indice ou le symptôme ? Et de quel avenir, peut-être, est-elle grosse ?
Comparison of 1550-nm nonablative fractional laser versus 755-nm picosecond laser with diffractive lens array for atrophic facial acne scars in asian skin
Authors: Lin Mao-Ying , Hu Sindy , Lin Chrang-Shi , Chung Wen-Hung 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Nonablative lasers are popular alternatives for atrophic acne scar treatment in Asia.

Objectives:
We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety between 1550-nm nonablative fractional laser (NAFL) and 755-nm picosecond laser with diffractive lens array (DLA) in Asian patients.

Methods:
Twenty-three patients with atrophic acne scars received three sessions of split-face treatment with 1550-nm NAFL on one side and 755-nm picosecond laser with DLA on the other side. Sessions were applied at 8-week interval. Blinded dermatologists assessed efficacy through baseline and follow-up photographs.

Results:
A greater improvement in atrophic facial acne scars was observed on the 1550-nm NAFL side than on the 755-nm picosecond laser side (P < 0.05). Pain was significantly more severe on the 1550-nm NAFL side than the 755-nm picosecond laser side (P < 0.05). Adverse effects on the 1550-nm NAFL side included prolonged erythema, acneiform eruptions, superficial crusting, and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. Only transient erythema was observed on the 755-nm picosecond laser side.

Conclusion:
Although the 1550-nm NAFL showed superior efficacy to the 755-nm picosecond laser with DLA for the treatment of atrophic facial acne scars, the latter was associated with fewer adverse effects and may be the best choice for those who request “little-to-no down-time” treatments.
Impact of articulation therapy on perceptual characteristics of bilabials in children with repaired cleft lip and palate
Authors: Manjunath Sushma , Pushpavathi M. , Sankar R. Gop 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
The study's objectives were to assess the effect of articulation therapy for bilabials on SODA errors, cleft type errors (CTEs), and percentage of correct consonants-revised (PCC-R) in children with repaired cleft lip and palate.

Methods:
Single-subject with multiple baselines research design was used to investigate the changes in bilabials across four-time points. Four participants with repaired cleft lip and palate (RCLP) between 4 and 7.11 years were considered. For the assessment, pictures of six words were visually presented, and the participants were asked to name them. Three speech-language pathologists identified SODA errors and cleft type errors (CTE), based on which PCC-R was calculated. Participants underwent ten intensive articulation therapy sessions: phase I focused on auditory discrimination training and phase II on production training. The production training mainly focused on the phonetic placement approach, shaping the target sound, and improving the oral airflow.

Results:
Overall, SODA error analysis revealed substitution and distortion errors during the baseline assessment. CTE analysis indicated weak oral pressure consonant followed by a glottal stop, nasalization of voiced pressure, nasal consonants for oral pressure consonants, and voicing errors. PCC-R scores ranged from 0% to 83.33%. Assessment 4 indicated only distortion errors during SODA error analysis, weak oral pressure consonants during CTE analysis PCC-R was 100%. The obtained results indicate an improvement in the articulation placement and oral airflow; thus, the participants benefited from the intervention program.
Efficacy of palliative herbal decoction (Darvyadi Kwatha) with lifestyle modification in the management of prediabetes (Prameha)
Authors: Yadav Uttamram , Bhatted Santosh K. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Prediabetes is a pathological condition that is characterized by an increase in sugar level within the normal limit and a diagnostic range of diabetes mellitus (DM). Timely untreated prediabetes turns into DM within a year and systemic complications occur, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, etc. During later stages of the disease, all systems of the body are affected. The management of prediabetes includes oral hypoglycemic drugs. Based on signs and symptoms, prediabetes can be correlated to the disease Prameha.

Aim and Objectives:
Evaluate the efficacy of oral administration of Darvyadi Kwatha (~herbal decoction) with lifestyle modification in prediabetes (Prameha).

Materials and Methods:
After the approval of Institutional Review Board, Independent Ethics Committee, and clinical trial registration in CTRI, 20 patients suffering with Prameha (~prediabetes) were registered in the clinical trial. Assessment criteria were: reduction in glycated hemoglobin (HBA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FBS), postprandial plasma glucose (PPBS), improvement in Agnibala (~strength of digestion and metabolism), Dehabala (~physical strength), and Satvabala (~mental strength), relief in signs and symptoms of prediabetes, and improvement in quality of life (SF-36 Score). Oral administration of Darvyadi Kwatha and lifestyle modification was given. Assessment was done on the 46th, 76th, 107th, and 120th day and Student paired t-test was used for analysis of data.

Results:
The outcomes showed a statistically highly significant reduction in assessment parameters (HBA1c [mean ± standard deviation [SD] before treatment [BT] 6.07 ± 0.26 and after treatment [AT] 5.78 ± 0.22] [<0.001], FBS [mean ± SD BT 116.6 ± 12.5 and AT 102.0 ± 0.8.1] [<0.001], and PPBS [mean ± SD BT 168.7 ± 19.7 and AT 118.6 ± 12.0] [<0.001]).

Conclusion:
This clinical study concludes that Ayurveda medicine (Darvyadi Kwatha and lifestyle modification) is effective in the treatment and prevention of prediabetes turning into DM.
Anatomical and genetic identification of two Euphorbia species
Authors: Acharya Rabinarayan , Roy Sudipta , Harisha Channappa R. , Hegde Satisha , Ranade Anagha 
Published: December 2021

Background:

Euphorbia antiquorum L. and Euphorbia neriifolia L. belong to the family Euphorbiaceae. E. antiquorum and E. neriifolia are considered as botanical source of Tridhara Snuhi and Snuhi, respectively. E. antiquorum has been reported for its anticancer effect in different cancer cell lines and E. neriifolia is traditionally used in the management of digestive problem, respiratory problem, etc. The present study was designed to evaluate anatomical and genetic characterization of E. antiquorum and E. neriifolia.

Material and Methods:
Anatomical evaluation was assessed through macroscopic and microsopic evaluation of stem and leaf of both the plants, whereas genetic characterization was examined through DNA barcoding analysis of leaf sample of both the plants.

Result:
Both plants are xerophytic in nature and bear a good amount of milky white latex, and shrub to small tree in nature. Microscopically, stem and leaf of both the plants contain latex duct in transverse section. All these characters highlights the key characters of family Euphorbiaceae. DNA barcoding confirms the molecular identity of both the plants.

Conclusion:
Data specified in the present study regarding anatomical and genetic characters will help for easy identification of both the plants, that is, Euphorbia antiquorum L. and Euphorbia neriifolia L.
Skin Prick Test in Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria
Authors: Arora Sandeep , Chand Satish , Bhatnagar Anuj , Dabas Rajeshwari , Suhag Devinder Kumar , Pal Reetika , Sandhu Sunmeet , Patil Chetan C. , Paul Debatraya , Rout Aradhana 
Published: December 2021

Context:
Chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) is a common clinical condition with a significant impact on the quality of life of its sufferies. Skin prick test (SPT) is a reliable method to detect the allergens and thereby contributing to diagnose of this Type I hypersensitivity.

Aims:
The aim of this study is to retrospectively analyze the incidence of positive SPT to various allergens in patients with CIU.

Subjects and Methods:
The data of patients of CIU who had undergone SPT in the dermatology department of a tertiary hospital during the period from July 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019 were reviewed. Evaluation of their history was done with respect to the possible causes and investigations excluding those with a documented history of anaphylaxis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, and dermographism. The results of SPT performed with a battery of 40 allergens (22 aeroallergens and 18 food allergens) obtained from Allergo SPT (Merck specialty Pvt. Ltd., Allergopharma, Darmstadt, Germany), were retrieved and analyzed.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The data of the 38 patients with CIU who had undergone SPT was entered in Microsoft Excel (MS Office 2016) and then analyzed with descriptive statistics.

Results:
Overall SPT positivity of these 38 patients was 73.68% and that to food allergens (10.53%), aeroallergens (26.31%), and both aero and food allergens (36.84%).

Conclusions:
Our study unlike earlier reports in literature ruled out those with clinical as well as laboratory evidence of a topic, disorders which secondarily cause urticaria, thus emphasizing SPT to be an important add-on diagnostic tool even in those cases of CIU which have no obvious exacerbating factors. A significant number of CIU patients of our study showed sensitivity to house dust mite, molds, pollen, food items, and animal epithelia on SPT.
Critical appraisal study skills among dental students in Kanpur rural region
Authors: Garg Kriti , Sachdev Rohan , Shwetam Samiksha , Singh Praveen K. , Srivastava Akash , Srivastava Aaryan Raj 
Published: December 2021

Context:
Critical appraisal (CA) is a way of determining and interpreting information by objectively considering its significance, results, and importance to an individual's work, and it is based on careful empirical assessment.

Aims:
The aim of the study was to assess the effect of CA exercises on the quality of preclinical tooth preparation skills and the confidence level of undergraduate dental students.

Settings and Design:
This was a randomized control study conducted at a private dental college in Kanpur rural region, Uttar Pradesh.

Subjects and Methods:
One hundred and forty-three student volunteers were randomly divided into CA (CA; n = 78) and control (C; n = 65) groups. Both groups were given a conventional lecture and video demonstrations; the CA group also gave CA exercises. Six evaluators assessed the incisor, canine, premolar, and molar preparations made by all students.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Descriptive statistics were used to describe the groups across all parameters. An independent samples t-test was conducted to compare the eight parameters of the two groups.

Results:
The mean overall scores assigned to the CA group by all evaluators were significantly higher (independent t-test, P < 0.05) than the C group for incisor (CA: 6.19 ± 1.28, C: 5.34 ± 1.86), canine (CA: 5.88 ± 1.37, C: 4.94 ± 1.68), premolar (CA: 5.88 ± 1.09, C: 4.73 ± 1.19), and molar (CA: 5.94 ± 1.63, C: 5.39 ± 0.04) teeth. The CA group also demonstrated a significant increase in self-confidence over that of the C group (repeated measures general linear model F = 7.886, P = 0.0421).

Conclusions:
Critical assessment activities greatly enhanced undergraduate dental students' preclinical tooth preparation abilities, as well as their confidence level.
Role of internet on overall development of knowledge and attitude among undergraduate, postgraduate students, and staff members in a dental institution – A questionnaire-based study
Authors: Daga Apoorva Bhargava , Nahar Prashant , Singh Mohit Pal , Daga Deeptanshu , Sharma Pallavi , Fanda Komal 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Everyone nowadays needs access to the Internet for recreational and educational purposes. The goal of this study was to find out how undergraduate, postgraduate, and college faculty members use the Internet for various purposes.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted by preparing 18 questions in 240 participants with the help of a semi-structured, pretested questionnaire, 7 closed-ended and the rest multiple-choice questionnaire containing demographic information, information related to Internet addiction test questions, undergraduate, postgraduate, and faculty members of the college were selected and evaluated.

Results and Observations:
This study revealed that the Internet was used as a source of learning for all the groups. Mainly undergraduates use the Internet for entertainment and educational purposes both. Postgraduates, apart from these, also used the Internet for their research work. Staff members used it for all the reasons mentioned above and used email, learning exercises, and teaching purposes.

Conclusion:
The Internet not only provides a great source of entertainment and information, but it is also essential for the exchange of information, social communication, education, banking, business, shopping, administration, and proper evaluation of data sources. It is a constantly changing phenomenon that is getting more and more ingrained into our daily life.