bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical techniques for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachments between surgeons with high versus low single surgery success rates
Authors: Starr Matthew R. , Hsu Jason , Yonekawa Yoshihiro , Mittra Robert A. , Ryan Claire , Forbes Nora J. , Ammar Michael , Patel Luv G. , Obeid Anthony , Capone Antonio , Emerson Geoffrey G. , Joseph Daniel P. , Eliott Dean , Gupta Omesh P. , Regillo Carl D. , Ryan Edwin H. ,   the Primary Retinal Detachment Outcomes (PRO) Study Group
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground/AimsTo identify differences in preoperative characteristics and intraoperative approaches between surgeons with higher versus lower single surgery success rates (SSSR) for repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRDs).MethodsThis study is a sub‐analysis of subjects who underwent RRD repair in the Primary Retinal Detachment Outcomes (PRO) study, a multi‐institutional, retrospective comparative interventional study. The PRO study examined consecutive primary RRD surgeries from January 1, 2015 through December 31, 2015. The primary outcome was variations in surgical approach to different types of RRDs with secondary analyses of pre and intraoperative metrics for surgeons with SSSR > 90% compared to those <80% who performed at least 40 operations during the study period.ResultsA total of 689 surgeries were included in the analysis. The mean SSSR was 94% for the higher tier and 75% for the lower tier (p < 0.0001). Surgeons with >90% SSSR were more likely to have graduated fellowship more recently (p = 0.0025), use less perfluorocarbon liquid (p < 0.0001), perform less 360 degree laser retinopexy (p < 0.0001), and perform a higher percentage of primary buckles and combined PPV/SB (p < 0.0001). For pseudophakic eyes there was no difference between PPV and PPV/SB use (p = 0.6211).ConclusionSurgeons with high SSSR typically performed SB as well as combination PPV/SB for more RRDs. Similar numbers of PPV and PPV/SB were performed for pseudophakic eyes, suggesting that the difference in SSSR between the two groups may be related to a combination of preoperative and intraoperative decisions as well as differences in technique.
Genotype–phenotype correlation in von Hippel‐Lindau disease
Authors: Reich Michael , Jaegle Sabine , Neumann‐Haefelin Elke , Klingler Jan‐Helge , Evers Charlotte , Daniel Moritz , Bucher Felicitas , Ludwig Franziska , Nuessle Simone , Kopp Julia , Boehringer Daniel , Reinhard Thomas , Lagrèze Wolf A. , Lange Clemens , Agostini Hansjuergen , Lang Stefan J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground/AimsRetinal haemangioblastomas (RH) remain a major cause of visual impairment in patients with von Hippel‐Lindau (VHL) disease. Identification of genotype–phenotype correlation is an important prerequisite for better management, treatment and prognosis.MethodsRetrospective, single‐centre cohort study of 200 VHL patients. Genetic data and date of onset of RH, central nervous system haemangioblastomas (CNSH), pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL), clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (PNEN) were collected. The number and locations of RH were recorded.ResultsThe first clinical finding occurred at an age of 26 ± 14 years (y) [mean ± SD]. In 91 ± 3% (95% CI 88–94) of the patients, at least one RH occur until the age of 60y. A total of 42 different rare VHL gene variants in 166 patients were detected. A higher age‐related incidence of RH, CNSH, ccRCC and PNEN was detected in patients with a truncating variant (TV) compared to patients with a single amino‐acid substitution/deletion (AASD) (all p < 0.01), while it is reverse for PPGL (p < 0.01). Patients with a TV showed 0.10 ± 0.15 RH per y during their lifetime compared to 0.05 ± 0.07 in patients with AASD (p < 0.02). The median enucleation/phthisis‐free survival time in patients with a TV was 56y (95% CI 50–62) compared to 78y (95% CI 75–81) in patients with AASD (p < 0.02).ConclusionCompared to patients with AASD, patients with a TV develop RH, CNSH, ccRCC and PNEN earlier. They experience a higher number of RH and bear a higher risk of enucleation/phthisis. Thus, patients with a TV might be considered for a more intensive ophthalmological monitoring.
The future is old – Patients with topical ocular hypotensive treatment in the Nordic region between 2008 and 2017 with projections for 2040
Authors: Bro Tomas , Wickström Kerstin , Lindén Christina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeThe primary objective was to evaluate prescribing trends for topical ocular hypotensive treatment in the Nordic region during the last decade and, by population projections, estimate the glaucoma burden in 2040. A secondary objective was to analyse national variations in prescription patterns across the Nordic region.MethodsA retrospective analysis of national pharmacy data between 2008 and 2017 on the dispensation of topical ocular hypotensive treatment in the Nordic region was performed. Predictions of the glaucoma burden in 2040 were calculated from official population projections.ResultsThe total number of patients with ocular hypotensive treatment in the Nordic region increased from 346 000 to 418 000 (21%) between 2008 and 2017. The number of patients with ocular hypotensive treatment in the age group of 50 years and older increased from 3.6% to 3.9%. The daily defined dose (DDD) per patient and day during the study period increased from 1.22 to 1.26. Adjusted for beta‐blocker combinations, the same value increased from 1.49 to 1.67. Across the Nordic countries, Finland had almost twice as many DDD per patient and day in 2017 (2.1) compared with Iceland (1.1). Between 2008 and 2017, the annual treatment cost for ocular hypotensive treatment in the Nordic region decreased from 96 million to 87 million Euro (−9%). In 2040, the number of patients with ocular hypotensive treatment in the Nordic region is estimated to 633 000 individuals (+51% compared with 2017).ConclusionsThe study revealed an increased use of glaucoma medications in the Nordic region the last decade. This was mainly caused by an increased number of patients with ocular hypotensive treatment, but also because of a more intensive treatment. Marked national differences were detected. Due to the introduction of generic medications, the total cost for ocular hypotensive treatment did however decrease during the last decade. In 2040, the current number of individuals with ocular hypotensive treatment is estimated to have increased with an additional 50% due to a growing number of ageing individuals. This will lead to higher costs, not only for medications but also for diagnosing, monitoring and other aspects of glaucoma care.
Proteomic analysis of urinary and tissue‐exudative extracellular vesicles to discover novel bladder cancer biomarkers
Authors: Tomiyama Eisuke , Matsuzaki Kyosuke , Fujita Kazutoshi , Shiromizu Takashi , Narumi Ryohei , Jingushi Kentaro , Koh Yoko , Matsushita Makoto , Nakano Kosuke , Hayashi Yujiro , Wang Cong , Ishizuya Yu , Kato Taigo , Hatano Koji , Kawashima Atsunari , Ujike Takeshi , Uemura Motohide , Takao Tetsuya , Adachi Jun , Tomonaga Takeshi , Nonomura Norio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractProteomic analysis of urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a powerful approach to discover potential bladder cancer (BCa) biomarkers, however urine contains numerous EVs derived from the kidney and normal urothelial epithelium, which can obfuscate information related to BCa cell‐derived EVs. In this study, we combined proteomic analysis of urinary EVs and tissue‐exudative EVs (Te‐EVs), which were isolated from culture medium of freshly resected viable BCa tissues. Urinary EVs were isolated from urine samples of 11 individuals (7 BCa patients and 4 healthy individuals), and Te‐EVs were isolated from 7 BCa tissues. We performed tandem mass tag (TMT)‐labeling liquid chromatography (LC‐MS/MS) analysis for both urinary EVs and Te‐EVs and identified 1960 proteins in urinary EVs and 1538 proteins in Te‐EVs. Most of the proteins identified in Te‐EVs were also present in urinary EVs (82.4%), with 55 of these proteins showing upregulated levels in the urine of BCa patients (fold change > 2.0; P < .1). Among them, we selected 22 membrane proteins as BCa biomarker candidates for validation using selected reaction monitoring/multiple reaction monitoring (SRM/MRM) analysis on urine samples from 70 individuals (40 BCa patients and 30 healthy individuals). Six urinary EV proteins (heat‐shock protein 90, syndecan‐1, myristoylated alanine‐rich C‐kinase substrate (MARCKS), MARCKS‐related protein, tight junction protein ZO‐2, and complement decay‐accelerating factor) were quantified using SRM/MRM analysis and validated as significantly upregulated in BCa patients (P < .05). In conclusion, the novel strategy that combined proteomic analysis of urinary EVs and Te‐EVs enabled selective detection of urinary BCa biomarkers.
Paraneoplastic pemphigus: Revised diagnostic criteria based on literature analysis
Authors: Svoboda Steven A. , Huang Simo , Liu Xinyang , Hsu Sylvia , Motaparthi Kiran 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundParaneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) is a rare autoimmune bullous disease classically associated with an underlying neoplasm. The heterogeneous clinical and histopathologic features of the disease make diagnosis challenging for clinicians. There are no formally accepted diagnostic criteria, and newer techniques for identifying antibodies directed against plakin proteins have largely replaced immunoprecipitation, the historic gold standard.MethodsAn analysis of 265 published cases of PNP was performed. The clinical, histopathologic, and immunologic features of PNP were assessed.ResultsBased on this review, we modified previous diagnostic criteria to capture 89.4% of PNP cases compared to 71.2% of cases captured by the most commonly referenced criteria devised by Camisa and Helm (p‐value < 0.01, z‐test; 95% CI [10.2, 33.6]).ConclusionThese revised diagnostic criteria address the variable clinical, histopathologic, and biochemical features of PNP, allowing physicians to have greater confidence in diagnosis of this rare and often fatal disease. The revised criteria include three major criteria and two minor criteria, whereby meeting either all three major criteria or two major and both minor criteria would fulfill a diagnosis of paraneoplastic pemphigus. The major criteria include (a) mucous membrane lesions with or without cutaneous involvement, (b) concomitant internal neoplasm, and (b) serologic evidence of anti‐plakin antibodies. The minor criteria include (a) acantholysis and/or lichenoid interface dermatitis on histopathology and (b) direct immunofluorescence staining showing intercellular and/or basement membrane staining.
Measuring demand chasing behavior
Authors: Kirshner Samuel N. , Moritz Brent B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractChasing behavior is an example of the anchoring and adjustment heuristic that occurs in many business contexts. In inventory management settings, decision makers often engage in demand chasing by adjusting order quantities toward recent demand observations. This can result in lower profit for the firm and increased variability across the supply chain. Prior research suggests that demand chasing can be measured by regression or correlation. Using two empirical datasets, we show that the observed costs associated with chasing are better captured using regression. We complement our empirical findings through comprehensive simulations across a range of order generating functions, supporting the robustness of regression models. Finally, we discuss behavioral differences between approaches and explain why certain models are better equipped for measuring demand chasing.
Tyneside Pegboard Test for unimanual and bimanual dexterity in unilateral cerebral palsy: association with sensorimotor impairment
Authors: Decraene Lisa , Feys Hilde , Klingels Katrijn , Basu Anna , Ortibus Els , Simon‐Martinez Cristina , Mailleux Lisa 
Published: March 2021

AimWe explored the psychometric properties of the recently developed Tyneside Pegboard Test (TPT) for unimanual and bimanual dexterity in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP) and investigated the impact of sensorimotor impairments on manual dexterity.MethodIn this cross‐sectional study, the TPT was assessed in 49 children with unilateral CP (mean age 9y 8mo, SD 1y 11mo, range 6–15y; 30 males, 19 females; 23 with right unilateral CP). All participants additionally underwent a standardized upper limb evaluation at body function and activity level. We investigated: (1) known‐group, concurrent, and construct validity and (2) impact of sensorimotor impairments including spasticity, grip force, stereognosis, and mirror movements using analysis of covariance, Spearman’s rank correlation (r), and multiple linear regression (R2) respectively.ResultsTPT outcomes significantly differed according to the Manual Ability Classification System (p<0.001, known‐group validity). Relationships were found between the unimanual TPT tasks and the Jebsen‐Taylor Hand Function Test (r=0.86–0.88, concurrent validity). Bimanual TPT tasks were negatively correlated with the Assisting Hand Assessment, ABILHAND‐Kids, and Children’s Hand‐use Experience Questionnaire (r=−0.38 to −0.78, construct validity). Stereognosis was the main determinant influencing all tasks (p<0.001, R2=37–50%). Unimanual dexterity was additionally determined by grip strength (p<0.05, R2=8–9%) and mirror movements in the more impaired hand (p<0.05, R2=4–8%). Bimanual dexterity was also explained by mirror movements in the more impaired hand (p<0.01, R2=10–16%) and spasticity (p=0.04, R2=5%).InterpretationThe TPT is a valid test to measure unimanual and bimanual dexterity in unilateral CP. The results further emphasize the importance of somatosensory impairments in children with unilateral CP.
What this paper adds

The Tyneside Pegboard Test is valid for measuring unimanual and bimanual dexterity in unilateral cerebral palsy.

Children with poorer manual ability show worse unimanual and bimanual dexterity.

Stereognosis is the main predictor of both unimanual and bimanual dexterity.

Stronger mirror movements in the more impaired hand result in worse bimanual dexterity.
Microstructural changes in the spinal cord of adults with cerebral palsy
Authors: Trevarrow Michael P , Baker Sarah E , Wilson Tony W , Kurz Max J 
Published: March 2021

AimTo quantify the microstructural differences in the cervical‐thoracic spinal cord of adults with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodMagnetic resonance imaging of the proximal spinal cord (C6–T3) was conducted on a cohort of adults with CP (n=13; mean age=31y 11mo, standard deviation [SD] 8y 7mo; range=20y 8mo–47y 6mo; eight females, five males) and population norm adult controls (n=16; mean age=31y 4mo, SD 9y 9mo; range=19y 4mo–49y 5mo; seven females, nine males). The cross‐sectional area (CSA) of the spinal cord, gray and white matter, magnetization transfer ratio (MTR), and fractional anisotropy of the cuneatus and corticospinal tracts were calculated.ResultsThe total spinal cord CSA and proportion of the spinal cord gray matter CSA were significantly decreased in the adults with CP. The corticospinal tracts’ MTR was lower in the adults with CP. Individuals that had reduced gray matter also tended to have reduced MTR in their corticospinal tracts (r=0.42, p=0.029) and worse hand dexterity clinical scores (r=0.53, p=0.004).InterpretationThese results show that there are changes in the spinal cord microstructure of adults with CP. Ultimately, these microstructural changes play a role in the extent of the hand sensorimotor deficits seen in adults with CP.
What this paper adds

Adults with cerebral palsy (CP) have a reduced spinal cord cross‐sectional area (CSA).

Spinal cord gray matter is reduced in adults with CP.

Spinal cord CSA is associated with hand dexterity.

Magnetization transfer ratio of corticospinal tracts was lower in adults with CP.
Product–Service Systems Applied to Reusable Packaging Systems: A Strategic Design Tool
Authors: Long Yuan , Ceschin Fabrizio , Mansour Noha , Harrison David 
Published: March 2021

Environmental sustainability is under the threat of excessive single‐use plastic packaging waste, which current waste management fails to address. Therefore, the issue has led to an identification of the solution that can curb packaging waste without sacrificing social needs.Reusable packaging systems (RPSs) represent a circular approach to close the loop of consumption in which packaging can stay longer in the system to satisfy social needs. However, the implementation of reusable packaging is limited. Product–service systems (PSSs) are widely regarded as a sustainable business model innovation for embracing circular consumption. As a result, applying PSSs to RPSs should be promising in addressing the packaging waste issue. Even so, there is limited knowledge regarding adopting this approach to address the packaging crisis. This paper explores how to apply PSSs to RPSs to support professionals in addressing the packaging crisis in the food and household products industry.The methodology of this paper is a combination of case studies and expert interviews. Fifty‐seven case studies are collected, analyzed, and formulated into 15 archetypal models that represent all types of RPSs in the current market. In parallel, a classification is developed to embrace those 15 archetypal models, and a total of 24 experts—packaging consultants, NGO professionals who address plastic waste, and reusable packaging entrepreneurs—were invited for the evaluation of the design tool.This research provides a strategic design tool to support packaging professionals to design RPSs. The application of the tool is to support understanding RPSs, analyzing the markets, and identifying new opportunities, and to generate RPSs. The implication of this research is to provide insights for academics and businesses in terms of tackling single‐use packaging waste and to build a foundation to further develop the design tool for generating RPSs.
Topographical reorganization of brain functional connectivity during an early period of epileptogenesis
Authors: Li Lin , He Lingna , Harris Neil , Zhou Yufeng , Engel Jerome , Bragin Anatol 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe current study aims to investigate functional brain network representations during the early period of epileptogenesis.MethodsEighteen rats with the intrahippocampal kainate model of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy were used for this experiment. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measurements were made 1 week after status epilepticus, followed by 2–4‐month electrophysiological and video monitoring. Animals were identified as having (1) developed epilepsy (E+, n = 9) or (2) not developed epilepsy (E−, n = 6). Nine additional animals served as controls. Graph theory analysis was performed on the fMRI data to quantify the functional brain networks in all animals prior to the development of epilepsy. Spectrum clustering with the network features was performed to estimate their predictability in epileptogenesis.ResultsOur data indicated that E+ animals showed an overall increase in functional connectivity strength compared to E− and control animals. Global network features and small‐worldness of E− rats were similar to controls, whereas E+ rats demonstrated increased small‐worldness, including increased reorganization degree, clustering coefficient, and global efficiency, with reduced shortest pathlength. A notable classification of the combined brain network parameters was found in E+ and E− animals. For the local network parameters, the E− rats showed increased hubs in sensorimotor cortex, and decreased hubness in hippocampus. The E+ rats showed a complete loss of hippocampal hubs, and the appearance of new hubs in the prefrontal cortex. We also observed that lesion severity was not related to epileptogenesis.SignificanceOur data provide a view of the reorganization of topographical functional brain networks in the early period of epileptogenesis and how it can significantly predict the development of epilepsy. The differences from E− animals offer a potential means for applying noninvasive neuroimaging tools for the early prediction of epilepsy.
The Ridden Horse Pain Ethogram
Authors: Dyson S. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryThe Ridden Horse Pain Ethogram (RHpE) comprises 24 behaviours, the majority of which are at least 10 times more likely to be seen in lame horses compared with non‐lame horses. The observation of ≥8/24 behaviours is likely to reflect the presence of musculoskeletal pain, although some lame horses score <8/24 behaviours. A marked reduction in RHpE scores after resolution of lameness using diagnostic anaesthesia proves a causal relationship between pain and RHpE scores. Horses should be assessed for approximately 10 min in walk, trot (including 10 m diameter circles), canter and transitions. The validity of the RHpE has been verified for use in horses which perform dressage‐type movements, and which have been trained to work with the front of the head in a vertical position. It has not, as yet, been used in horses while jumping, racehorses, western performance or endurance horses. The RHpE provides a valuable tool for riders, trainers, veterinarians and other equine professionals to recognise the presence of musculoskeletal pain, even if overt lameness cannot be recognised. Riders with a higher skill‐level may improve gait quality, but cannot obscure behavioural signs of pain, although specific behaviours may change. Tight saddle tree points, the rider sitting on the caudal third of the saddle and rider weight may influence RHpE scores. Accurate application of the RHpE requires training and practice. The RHpE is a powerful tool for the assessment of ridden horses and the identification of likely musculoskeletal pain. Such pain merits further investigation and treatment, to improve equine welfare and performance. The RHpE provides an additional means of evaluating the response to diagnostic anaesthesia. It provides a mechanism for client education and a diplomatic way of communicating with clients about equine discomfort related to saddle‐fit, rider size, their position in the saddle and ability to ride in balance.
Study design synopsis: Observational study design in equine research
Authors: Lawson April , Pinchbeck Gina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhen planning to conduct research, thorough consideration of the study design is essential to enable valid results and purposeful conclusions. A good study design will provide a strong basis for robust conclusions that can contribute to the evidence base. Conversely, a poor study design may unintentionally lead to invalid conclusions with inappropriate claims of the clinical importance. The purpose of this article is to review important aspects of observational study design, with an emphasis on observational clinical research. The value of an observational study can be manifold and the benefit of studying clinical cases can add substantial value to the evidence base and equine health and welfare, however this value will be diminished if study designs are flawed, or are inadequately reported. It is essential that clinicians have the skills to critically appraise observational studies, to determine strengths, limitations and the applicability to their clinical practice.