bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prophesying Women and the Gifts of the Spirit
Authors: Westerkamp Marilyn J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter delineates in greater detail the radical potential of this Puritan spirituality and the profound appeal of radical sectaries to women. This includes the deep respect earned by female partisans, from the Henrician martyr Anne Askew to the centrality of women in the Quaker movement. Along this same trajectory, the mystical side of this spirituality is tracked from the followers of Henrik Niclaes through to the sectarians of the 1640s and 1650s. Data for this chapter comes from material produced by both proponents and detractors of the sectaries. The chapter includes the stories of many individual women and their theologies as well as sectarian communities, essentially fleshing out the promise of the final pages of chapter four.
A Froward Woman Beloved of God
Authors: Westerkamp Marilyn J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter argues the importance of gender culture in seventeenth-century spirituality and gender politics in the response of the magistrates to Hutchinson in particular, and strong religious women in general. The chapter begins with a reconsideration of the patriarchal nature of this society and the political and social threats represented by nonconforming women. The chapter returns to witchcraft and midwifery in connection with conversion mysticism: three female identities very similar in themselves and, apparently, equally threatening. Finally, the chapter returns to the beginning point: the growing Puritan concentration upon rational religion in comparison with the experiential, spirit mysticism that characterized the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In its reconstruction of a female religiosity, the argument connects the historically constructed nature of women with the Puritan construction of a masculine God and a feminine soul, and the sexual nature of Puritan spirituality.
Epilogue
Authors: Westerkamp Marilyn J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter briefly considers the persistence of Anne Hutchinson as a historical figure, remembered but frequently misunderstood, across the centuries. Notes the limited sources and chronicles the changing perceptions of her that accompanied the changing viewpoints of Puritan New England. For many, the treatment of Hutchinson became a marker for society’s understanding of the character of Puritans. After changing perceptions of her as heretic and egotistical sinner, nuisance, brilliant woman oppressed and misunderstood, transformative philosopher, and advocate for women’s rights that accompanied.
Machiavelli and the Bar: Ethical Limitations on Lying in Negotiation
Authors: White James J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article addresses the general question of truthfulness in the process of negotiation, as that question is faced in Rule 4.2 of the Model Rules of Professional Conduct. The obligation to behave truthfully in negotiation is embodied in the requirement of Rule 4.2(a) that directs the lawyer to “be fair in dealing with other participants.” The article then presents five cases which show that one does not and cannot intend that a negotiator be “truthful” in the broadest sense of that term. It would be unfortunate, therefore, for the rule that requires “fairness” to be interpreted to require that a negotiator be truthful in every respect and in all of his dealings. It should be read to allow at least those kinds of untruthfulness that are implicitly and explicitly recognized as acceptable in his forum, a forum defined both by the subject matter and by the participants.
The Strangers in Our Midst
Authors: Stockhausen Ulrike Elisabeth 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Strangers in Our Midst tells the story of how American evangelicals have responded to refugees and immigrants—ranging from the Cuban refugee influx in the 1960s, to Southeast Asian refugees in the 1980s, to undocumented immigrants from Latin America in the 1990s and 2000s. Evangelical Christians have been a pillar of US immigration and refugee policy since the end of World War II in two key ways: by acting as refugee sponsors and by offering legalization assistance to undocumented immigrants. They developed an elaborate evangelical theology of hospitality, which emphasized scriptural commands to “welcome the stranger.” Initially, evangelicals did not distinguish between legal immigrants and refugees and “illegal,” undocumented immigrants. However, a growing anti-immigrant consensus in American society at large and their political alignment with the Republican Party caused them to shed their welcoming approach to immigrants in the 1990s. Evangelicals were now divided in their stances on immigration, as conservative evangelicals viewed only legal immigrants as deserving of their aid, while progressive evangelicals—led by their Latinx coreligionists—emphasized the need for Christians to help all immigrants. In the twenty-first century, a group of Latinx evangelical leaders resurrected and reshaped the evangelical theology of hospitality in an effort to turn the tide in the evangelical debate on immigration. The results are mixed: unprecedented numbers of evangelicals favor a pathway to citizenship for undocumented immigrants. Yet as the 2016 presidential election showed, this preference had no impact on their political choices.
Icy Walls Appear
Authors: Stockhausen Ulrike Elisabeth 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis chapter explores evangelical responses to undocumented immigrants from the 1990s to the first decade of the twenty-first century. It argues that most mainstream evangelicals adopted the Republican Party’s hard-line stances on immigration (as exemplified by California’s Proposition 187) and introduced them into their theology by emphasizing biblical passages like Romans 13, which underlines the need to obey the government. Reflecting their strengthening ties to the GOP, evangelical leaders brought their theology in line with their politics. They argued that the Bible verses about welcoming the “stranger” were only applicable to legal immigrants, not to undocumented immigrants. This new differentiation between legal and undocumented immigrants marked much of the evangelical discourse on immigration in the next two decades. The competing interpretations of the biblical record translated into deep divisions within the evangelical movement, as Latinx and progressive evangelical leaders urged their evangelical coreligionists to speak out for undocumented immigrants.
Korea
Authors: Doner Richard F. , Noble Gregory W , Ravenhill John 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The rise of Korea provides robust support for the proposition that strong institutions are necessary for intensive automotive development. By 2017, Korea had become the world’s sixth largest producer of passenger cars, and Korean components producers were among the few companies from outside Europe, Japan, and North America to feature in the world’s top 100 producers. Korea’s success built on a highly -educated workforce and the creation of automotive testing and research institutions. The origins of these institutions can be traced to the external threat faced by the country, and to its inability to earn revenue through exports of agricultural products or raw materials. As Hyundai-Kia grew into a global corporation, the research institutions became more important for medium-sized companies, and in promoting basic research. Hyundai-Kia’s success stands in marked contrast to the three subsidiaries of foreign automakers, which all struggled as Korean labor costs rose substantially above those of developing economies.
Malaysia
Authors: Doner Richard F. , Noble Gregory W , Ravenhill John 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Malaysia presents a key test of seeking to promote intensive growth without crafting the necessary institutions. Prime Minister Mahathir’s “Look East” policy of the 1980s sought to emulate Japan and Korea by building an integrated automotive industry—that is, it embarked on a quest for intensive development. Although the quality of Malaysia’s governance institutions is often praised, Mahathir and his successors granted the national champion auto assembler Proton unconditional protection to enable it to sustain an inefficient supply chain that favored ethnic Malay producers. The country failed to build in a timely manner appropriate industry-specific institutions such as university courses in automotive engineering, and an automotive research institute. Exports—both of assembled vehicles and of components—were minuscule. Malaysia’s exports of oil and agricultural products long enabled the state to subsidize the industry. With trade liberalization, continued underwriting of Proton became unsustainable, leading to its sale in 2017.
China
Authors: Doner Richard F. , Noble Gregory W , Ravenhill John 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Institutional development supporting China’s intensive development was Janus-faced: both Beijing and local governments engaged in extremely early development of institutions to support industrial cooperation and diffusion, including an elaborate national training system and a gigantic automotive research and testing center, but put them to work serving a socialist planned economy and control by the Communist Party. Creation of institutions for industrial diffusion reflected acute Chinese perceptions of external threat and a relative dearth of natural resources. China has emerged as the world’s largest producer and consumer of automobiles, but most are assembled by foreign-dominated joint ventures. However, around 40% are designed and assembled by Chinese firms, both private and state-owned, and even many of the Sino-foreign joint ventures have developed the capacity to design, engineer, and export their own cars. China is struggling to loosen the fetters of state -ownership and to reform institutions and practices to better suit a market economy.
Taiwan
Authors: Doner Richard F. , Noble Gregory W , Ravenhill John 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
iTaiwan’s automotive development strongly supports the proposition that capable institutions are crucial to helping firms in developing countries undertake industrial upgrading. Research institutes, testing and certification centers, training programs, industry associations, and government-supported corporate alliances have flourished for decades. Though modest in size and little known abroad, Taiwan’s leading auto companies export high-quality cars, design and engineer their own models, invest abroad, and export a wide variety of auto parts and car electronics. The success of Taiwanese firms is all the more striking in light of Taiwan’s small and stagnant domestic market. The government embarked on a course of gradual liberalization in the 1980s. Yet it never relinquished the goal of fostering domestically -owned companies capable of making their own vehicles, and simultaneously supported the activities of small and medium-sized firms that have achieved striking success in exporting automotive parts, especially bumpers, body panels, and other accessories for the after-sales market.
The Precision Benefit
Authors: Ben-Shahar Omri , Porat Ariel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter offers the basic justification for personalized law: the precision benefit. Personalized rules could accomplish the underlying goals of any law more effectively. Any goals, of any law. The reason is almost trivial: personalized law accounts for more relevant circumstances and differences in tailoring individual commands. This is the same reason that custom-made shoes fit better than single size, or that medicine based on personalized diagnostics cures better than one-size-fits-all treatments. Uniform rules and commands, even if optimal on average, are a poor fit for people with diverse preferences, characteristics, histories, and means. The chapter begins by demonstrating the value of personalization in other sectors of human activity, like medicine and education, and then uses an example of data protection law to display the benefits of personalized rules. It also discusses the production costs of personalized law, primarily the costs associated with the use of more information in the promulgation of legal commands.
Coordination
Authors: Ben-Shahar Omri , Porat Ariel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines problems of coordination that could arise under personalized law, where different people are subject to different rules guiding their behavior. While earlier chapters of the book focused on individual actors and their personal legal environments, this chapter shifts to look at joint activity—how the interaction between people could be affected by personalized law. Would a personalized law regime that optimizes the atomistic parts result in more social harm, by neglecting the composite whole? It is often noted, correctly, that standardization and uniformity are needed for well-coordinated activity, to help people anticipate what others will do and synchronize their own actions. The chapter argues, however, that personalized law has a surprising potential to advance new forms of coordination. The chapter examines rules of traffic, methods of contracting, procedure in litigation, and the forms of property rights (numerus clausus), and argues that a properly designed personalized law regime could potentially achieve coordination in these spheres despite the greater variation and the non-uniformity of rules and of individual actions.
Governing Through Data
Authors: Ben-Shahar Omri , Porat Ariel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Personalized law requires massive information, and this chapter examines some of the problems relating to the accumulation of personal data in the hands of the government. It first surveys what kinds of information would be needed and how lawmakers might hope to acquire that necessary data. While much information is already available in government databases, is it realistic to expect commercial databases to share the data with the government? The chapter then shifts to asking how the personalized commands would be communicated to actors. It argues, counterintuitively, that in important areas, private actors may often find it easier to know their personalized command than figure out the uniform command. Finally, the chapter examines problems of privacy and data protection, arising from the accumulation of data in the hands of governments. It argues that privacy interests vary across people, and thus privacy protection—like other aspects of personalized law—could itself be personalized, allowing people to opt out of some privacy-sensitive personalized treatments.
Conclusion: Legal Robotics
Authors: Ben-Shahar Omri , Porat Ariel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter concludes the book by offering some preliminary reflections on the robotic aspects of personalized law. It begins by identifying some early experiments with the use of algorithms and machine learning in law, noting the immense potential they unveil. It confronts the “see” versus “scan” methodologies for individualized treatment—judges “looking people in the eye” versus algorithms analyzing the numerous personal aspects they are permitted to scan. The chapter highlights the critical roles of humans in algorithmic personalized law, primarily in setting the goals that the algorithms will be coded to optimize, in choosing the data by which algorithms are trained and people are subsequently screened, and in scrutinizing and repairing undesirable patterns. The chapter argues that the need to set specific goals and priorities for each law would transform the common law method of legal refinements, and would offer greater transparency for legislative accords. The book ends by pointing to areas of the law most ripe for phase-one personalized law.
Testing the Change, Improving the Plan
Authors: Atun Rifat 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Chapter 6 introduces the students to a proprietary framework and tools to test, refine, and prepare each student’s system improvement plan (SIP) for implementation. The students revisit their country SIP to refine its constituent process steps and to produce a process flow map of their plan. The flow map illustrates a logical chain that links the proposed inputs through sequential action steps for implementation of the plan to produce the outputs that enable the SIP to attain the projected goals. The authors introduce the proprietary D3A3 model that consists of six interlinked steps: D1—design the intervention plan; D2—determine the measures of success; D3—deliver; A1—assess; A2—analyze; and A3—act. The D3A3 model is used to guide iterative development and agile implementation of system improvement plans. The students will use the D3A3 model to conduct one or more test runs to improve their SIP and increase their confidence that it will deliver the outputs they need. In complex dynamic systems, it is hard to predict the results of change and plans should be subjected to iterative cycles of testing. For this the authors introduce a process called a model for improvement that helps designers to understand the potential impact, effort, feasibility, and risks of implementing their SIP and to progressively test and strengthen plan design and prepare it for implementation.
Introduction
Authors: Scheidt Hannah K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The introduction to Practicing Atheism familiarizes the reader with contemporary atheist culture through a brief description of a billboard campaign sponsored by the Freedom from Religion Foundation. This chapter situates the larger work within a growing body of scholarship on secularism and atheism, suggesting that the cultural studies approach of this book makes a novel contribution to the field of secular studies. The introduction explains the book’s approach to media, both theoretically and methodologically, suggesting that there is no separating culture from media. Finally, the introduction lays out the theoretical argument of the book, which accounts for the central tension of contemporary atheist culture: the fact that organized atheism comes to bear a resemblance to what we (and atheists themselves) think of as religion. Ritual theory is introduced as a tool for explaining this tension.
Autonomy or Authority?
Authors: Scheidt Hannah K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter analyzes samples from atheist visual culture (memes, cartoons, fan art) to explore a complex and divisive discourse on authority. Atheists have long critiqued authority as it appears in religion. Atheist culture has its own authorities, however. Famous figures in contemporary atheist culture (including Richard Dawkins, Sam Harris, and Christopher Hitchens) gain authority largely through their appeals to science and reason, but their influence extends far beyond their respective areas of expertise. The celebrity-scientist-atheist is not an undisputed authority in atheist culture, however, and draws increasing critique from those who identify this type of authority as consistent with established forms (white, male, educated) and ultimately divisive rather than unifying to the movement as a whole. This chapter therefore highlights disagreement within atheist culture regarding the proper location and exercise of authority.
Ritualized Debate
Authors: Scheidt Hannah K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter analyzes moderated debates. The chapter considers both live events and the adaptation of the debate format on online forums, arguing that debate is a central practice in contemporary atheist culture. Many atheists proclaim that debates are pointless, though the events draw large viewership and inspire extensive conversation across atheist culture. This chapter suggests, therefore, that debate is not simply a tool for relaying potentially persuasive information. Debate is a ritualized practice that circulates meanings and produces a shared reality for participants (debaters and audiences alike). This chapter examines debate to observe how communication is often more about participation and fellowship than it is about conveying information.
UDI
Authors: Loxton James 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter discusses the UDI in Chile, arguing that its success was the product of authoritarian inheritance and counterrevolutionary struggle. The first section provides historical background, including on the decline of the country’s traditional conservative parties. The second section discusses the Movimiento Gremial, the precursor of the UDI, and the role that it played in the struggle against the leftist government of Salvador Allende (1970–1973). The third section examines the participation of these gremialistas in the Pinochet regime (1973–1990). The fourth section discusses the UDI’s status as an authoritarian successor party, and the ways that it resembled and differed from its coalition partner, RN. The fifth section discusses how the UDI benefited from its ties to the military regime, inheriting a party brand, clientelistic networks, and territorial organization. The final section discusses how the UDI’s origins in counterrevolutionary struggle served as a powerful source of cohesion.
Welcome to Venus?
Authors: Rowlands Mark 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines the reasons for thinking that anthropogenic climate change—planetary-level warming caused by human activity—is real. The science underlying the idea of anthropogenic global warming is explained. Several different forms of skepticism about climate change are explained and ultimately found to be lacking. The idea of a tipping cascade, and the consequent possibility of runaway warming, is explained. The ability to predict the ultimate severity of global warming relies on knowledge that we do not yet possess. Nevertheless, it is argued that, even if we adopt relatively conservative assumptions, it is very likely that global warming is going to have grave consequences, both for humans and for the rest of the natural world.
The Ramayana Narrative Tradition as a Resource for Performance
Authors: Richman Paula 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines case studies of Ramayana performances from different Indian regions and their relationships to diverse Ramayana texts, and provides a map of the volume. “Orientations and Beginnings” sets out an overview of intersections between Ramayana Studies and Performance Studies. “The Politics of Caste” deals with a Hindi poem and play scripts about the beheading of Shambuk, a Shudra character in the Ramayana tradition, linking them to Dalit demands for equality in 20th- and 21st-century India. “Interrogating the Anti-Hero” examines performances centered on Ravana as anti-hero or as dissident artist. “Performing Gender” analyzes two South Indian performances: a modern Tamil play critiquing patriarchal constructions of the Ramayana, and Nangyarkuttu, a pre-modern solo dance form in Kerala, whose reconstruction is infused with a woman’s contemporary sensibility. “Conversations and Arguments” highlights debates about Ramayana productions in Kutiyattam, Sattriya, and Talamaddale. “Beyond Enactment” examines effects of Ramayana performances on everyday life and society.