bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Riverine antibacterial resistance gradient determined by environmental factors
Authors: Liu Cheng-Han , Chuang Yi-Lynne , Gurunathan Revathi , Hsieh Chi-Ying , Dahms Hans-Uwe 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Wastewater emission to surface waters is a major pathway for antibacterials and antibacterial-resistant bacteria. Polluted waterbodies such as rivers provide a reservoir for bacterial resistance. We studied water quality and bacterial antibacterial resistance along the subtropical Qishan River in Taiwan as a case study of environmental resistance spread in a pristine to rural area. Human settlement densities increased generally from pristine mountain sites to the more polluted lowlands generally. Accordingly, as a working hypothesis, we expected antibacterial resistance level to increase towards downstream. We collected sediment samples from 8 stations along the Qishan river and where the Qishan river reaches the Kaoping river. The samples were processed in the lab for bacteriological and physicochemical analysis. Antibacterial resistance was tested by disk diffusion and micro-dilution with ten common antibacterials. A comparison was made among the sites where isolates began to occur at the upstream (site 1–6) with the downstream, including site 7 (Qishan town), site 8 (wastewater treatment plant) and site 9 (Kaoping river). The results of multivariate analysis for bacteriological and physicochemical parameters showed increasing water pollution levels downstream of the Qishan river. Ten bacteria including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter sp., Acinetobacter sp., Staphylococcus spp. and Bacillus spp. were analyzed and tested in the study. Their percentage of occurrence varied at each site. The resistance level was determined from the growth inhibition zone diameter (disk diffusion) and the minimum inhibitory concentration (micro-dilution). The results indicated that antibacterial resistance was related to certain environmental factors. Besides, the usage pattern of different classes of antibacterials in different places could alter trends of their resistance. Bacteria were found with increased resistance to antibacterials used in agriculture through the downstream sites according to the results. The WWTP emitting wastewater was demonstrated to be a hotspot of resistance in aquatic environments. In conclusion, bacterial resistance against antibacterials from the Qishan river has become a potential public health threat. This study could assist authorities by providing a reference for water quality risk assessment and management in Kaohsiung city and southern Taiwan.
Satellite-Based Assessment of Hailstorm Affected Potato Crop for Insurance Purpose
Authors: Choudhary Karun Kumar , Chakraborty Abhishek , Murthy CS , Poddar Malay Kumar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Assessing the extent of hailstorm affected crop is one of the thrust areas for quantifying mid-season adversaries under crop insurance values chain. This study evaluated the pre- and post-hailstorm responses on spectral bands and vegetation indices derived from Sentinel-2 data for assessing the severity class of the affected potato crop. The potato crop was mapped using pre-event satellite data with overall accuracy of 88% (k=0.82). Pair-wise Games-Howell t-test showed significant differences among the post-hailstorm potato severity classes in Red, Near Infrared & Short-wave Infra-red (SWIR) bands and Normalized vegetation indices. Percentage change (from pre- to post-event) in band reflectance and vegetation indices showed a better sensitivity in differentiating damage severity. Differential behaviour of SWIR-1 (Band-11) and SWIR-2 (Band-12) were observed within severely affected potato crop under dry and wet soil conditions. Decision matrix based on percentage change in Normalized difference Vegetation Index (DNDVI) and Normalized difference Tillage Index (DNDVI) could able to capture the damage severity classes with an overall accuracy of 86.7%. Higher proportion of affected area were found to be associated with larger percentage of Potato yield reduction based on measured yield data at Insurance unit level. The proposed methodology could be adopted for operational assessment of the impact of hailstorm events on crops.
Enhancement of the Photocatalytic Activity of ZnO Nanoparticles and the Relationship With Thermal Annealing Temperature
Authors: Aragon F.H. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The present study describes the synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic activity (PCA) evaluation of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) prepared via the polymeric precursor method in a first step, following annealing in the range of 500 to 900 oC in a second step. The formation of the wurtzite crystal structure is confirmed via x-ray diffraction data analysis. Thermal annealing treatments in atmospheric air are carried out to control the crystallite mean size and physical properties. The UV-Vis spectroscopy measurements show a decreasing trend of the optical band gap of the as-fabricated ZnO NPs, from ~3.4 eV to ~3.1 eV, as the annealing temperature increases. The PCA of the ZnO NPs against methylene blue dye revealed an increase in efficiency as the annealing temperature increases, reaching with a maximum performance for the sample annealed at ~700 °C. Our findings suggest that the PCA of the ZnO NPs does not show a straightforward dependence on the NPs’ size, but it seems to be correlated with the density of defects, such as oxygen vacancies, which are modulated by the annealing temperature. In addition, thermoluminescence glow curves exhibit a well-defined peak located at ~622 K for the as-prepared ZnO nanopowder. The peak intensity shows a decreasing trend with the annealing temperature up to ~700 °C. This result is correlated with the modulation of traps as the annealing temperature increases, which seems to be directly related to the amount of trapped charges (electrons and holes), leading to a marked reduction of the PCA.
Priority micronutrient density of foods for complementary feeding of young children (6-23 months) in South and Southeast Asia
Authors: Ortenzi Flaminia , Beal Ty 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Given their high nutrient requirements and limited gastric capacity, young children during the complementary feeding period (6-23 months) should be fed nutrient-dense foods. However, complementary feeding diets in low- and middle-income countries are often inadequate in one or more essential micronutrients. In South and Southeast Asia infants’ and young children’s diets are commonly lacking in iron, zinc, vitamin A, folate, vitamin B12 and calcium, hereafter referred to as priority micronutrients.
Objective
This study aimed to identify the top food sources of priority micronutrients, among minimally processed, locally available foods, for complementary feeding of children (6-23 months) in South and Southeast Asia.
Methods
An aggregated regional food composition database for South and Southeast Asia was built, and recommended nutrient intakes (RNIs) from complementary foods were calculated for children aged 6-23 months. An approach was developed to classify foods into one of four levels of priority micronutrient density based on the calories and grams required to provide one-third (for individual micronutrients) or an average of one-third (for the aggregate score) of RNIs from complementary foods.
Results
We found that the top food sources of multiple priority micronutrients are organs, bivalves, crustaceans, fresh fish, goat, canned fish with bones, and eggs, closely followed by beef, lamb/mutton, dark green leafy vegetables, cow milk, yoghurt, and cheese, and to a lesser extent, canned fish without bones.
Conclusions
This analysis provided insights into which foods to prioritize to fill common micronutrient gaps and reduce undernutrition in children aged 6-23 months in South and Southeast Asia.
Light acclimation interacts with thylakoid ion transport to govern the dynamics of photosynthesis
Authors: von Bismarck Thekla , Korkmaz Kübra , Ruß Jeremy , Skurk Kira , Kaiser Elias , Galvis Viviana Correa , Cruz Jeff , Strand Deserah , Köhl Karin , Eirich Jürgen , Finkemeier Iris , Jahns Peter , Kramer David , Armbruster Ute 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Understanding photosynthesis in natural, dynamic light environments requires knowledge of long-term acclimation, short-term responses, and their mechanistic interactions. However, the latter is poorly understood. We systematically determined light-environment effects on the thylakoid ion transport-mediated responses of photosynthesis during light fluctuations. Our analyses reveal daily light intensity as the main acclimatory driver that sculps photosynthetic capacity and thereby governs the activities of the thylakoid Cl- channel VCCN1 and the H+/K+ exchanger KEA3 during high light phases. We uncover high zeaxanthin accumulation as a response to fluctuating light environments, which delays the relaxation of energy dependent quenching (qE). KEA3 partly suppresses zeaxanthin accumulation over the day and thereby further accelerates the response of photosynthesis to low light periods. In summary, both light-environment factors, intensity and variability, modulate the function of thylakoid ion transport in dynamic photosynthesis with distinct effects on lumen pH, zeaxanthin accumulation, qE and photosynthetic light use efficiency.
Association between dietary salt and plasma glucose, insulin and hemoglobin A1C levels among type 2 diabetes patients in Eastern China
Authors: Lin Yi , Chattopadhyay Kaushik , Yang Xi , Li Jia-Lin , Chen Yan-Shu , Zhou Ye , Li Li 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the major public health concerns in China. Studies on the association between dietary salt intake and the glycaemia response of T2D are lacking in China. The aim was to investigate the association between the levels of dietary salt intake and the plasma glucose, insulin and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in T2D patients.Methods: Patients with T2D, who accepted management and treatment by the National Standardized Metabolic Disease Management Center at Ningbo First Hospital from March 2018 to January 2020, were included in this study. Dietary salt was collected through a standardized food frequent questionnaire. Anthropometry, blood pressure and biomarkers were measured by well-trained endocrinology nurses. Generalized linear models (GLM) were used to examine the association.Results: A total of 1145 eligible T2D patients with the mean age of 51.4 years were included in the study. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2h postprandial plasma glucose and 2h postprandial insulin, were significantly increased across dietary salt categories. Generalized linear models further showed that dietary salt >8g/d were positively associated with FPG and HbA1c.Conclusion: Higher daily salt intake was found to be associated with FPG and HbA1c in T2D patients. Lifestyle education and promotion on salt reduction should be provided to T2D patients.
»Werke, die sich als Geschenke für die Jugend ganz besonders eignen«
Authors: Schmideler Sebastian 
Published: September 2021

Artikelbeginn:[English title and abstract below]
Die Verlags- und Buchhandelsgeschichte des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts ist sowohl »faszinierende Blütezeit des Buchhandels in Deutschland« (Raabe 1984, S. IX) als auch reich an Innovationen des Kinder- und Jugendbuchmarkts im Prozess der Institutionalisierung und der Modernisierung (vgl. Schmid 2018, S. 22 ff.; Ewers 1982, S. 13 u. a.). Zu Recht wurde betont, dass sich Verlage als »eigentlich bestimmende und dynamische« Instanz der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur herausstellten, weil sie »als erste die enorm gestiegenen Lese- und Bildungsbedürfnisse immer breiterer Schichten wahrnahmen« und darauf strategisch geschickt reagierten (vgl. Dettmar u. a. 2003, S. 128).

»Books Particularly Suitable as Gifts for the Young«Books for Children and Youths by the Berlin Publishing House Carl Friedrich Amelang in the Early Nineteenth Century
This article, a contribution to the history of the book, presents the publishing house Carl Friedrich Amelang as an important example of specialised children’s book production in early nineteenth-century Berlin and Germany. The focus is on strategies of production, distribution, the materiality of books and their reception with special attention paid to the importance of illustrations, specific book styles and authors such as Johann Heinrich Meynier and Amalia Schoppe. It shows how this publishing house continued the tradition of eighteenth-century children’s literature, while modernising it with new genres such as adventure novels and information books.
Doing Age
Authors: Benner Julia , Ullmann Anika 
Published: September 2021

Artikelbeginn:[English title and abstract below]
Wer sich mit Kinderliteratur aus wissenschaftlicher Perspektive befasst, kommt nicht umhin, über age nachzudenken. Age spielt in seinen vielen Formen und Facetten im gesamten System Kinderliteratur eine entscheidende Rolle. In Fundamental Concepts of Children’s Literature Research beschreibt Hans-Heino Ewers den Beginn der Kinderliteratur als den Moment, in dem Kinder als die Adressaten eines Textes benannt werden (vgl. Ewers 2009, S. 10). Perry Nodelman geht in seinem Buch The Hidden Adult der Frage nach, warum Texte an Kinder adressiert werden und rückt Konstruktionen von Kindern als besonderer, literarischer Nachrichten bedürfend in den Fokus.

Doing AgeOn the Relevance of Age Studies for Children's Literature Studies
The act of addressing a literary message to children is often regarded as the genesis of children’s literature. Consequently, age concepts play a role in how children’s literature criticism constructs the recipients of this specific literary communication and assesses its literary messages. Additionally, age constructions shape the characterisation of literary characters and narrative structures of children’s literature. Therefore, this article posits that findings of Age Studies and Childhood Studies should be integrated into children’s literature theory. Recognising the importance of age for the analysis of children’s literature demands an understanding of age as an identity category (comparable to the categories of race, class and gender). In the vein of Judith Butler’s discussion of gender, this article claims that age identity is a form of performativity, which naturalises concepts of age via the repetition of age acts. Correspondingly, children must perform their childhood and make themselves intelligible as children. Children’s literature, in this conceptualisation, is at the forefront as a repository for and discursive producer of socially and culturally sanctioned ways ›to do‹ childhood (and other age roles). The act of buying or reading a children’s book can be defined as a way of ›doing‹ young age. Reading children’s literature thus makes the child intelligible as child.
»Hab ich jetzt nur geträumt oder ist das wirklich passiert?«
Authors: Gschwind Christoph 
Published: September 2021

Artikelbeginn:[English title and abstract below]
Traumdarstellungen in Büchern und Filmen mit ›ambiguem‹ Ende sind in der Populärkultur seit den 1990er-Jahren beliebt. (Kuhn 2009, S. 141 f.) Man kann die Popularität solcher plot-Strukturen durchaus plausibel als Reaktion der Kunst auf die zunehmende Komplexität der Gesellschaft (Berndt / Koepnick 2018, S. 7) deuten. Diese Komplexitätssteigerung ergibt sich beispielsweise durch die Möglichkeiten digitaler Technologien, neben der wirklichen Welt auch virtuelle Welten, eine virtual, mixed oder augmented reality, zu kreieren, in denen sich die Grenze zwischen Realität und Fiktion verschiebt.

»Did I Dream That or Did It Really Happen?«How Dream Images in Picturebooks Can Promote ›Ambiguity Skills‹
Ambiguity is a key aesthetic and cultural cornerstone reflected in the multiple examples in literature, history and analysis that make the connection between the ambiguity of works of art and dream representations. This is particularly true in children's literature, in which children’s dreams are presented in pictures. This article focusses on picturebooks that question various interpretations of reality, whose ontology, in other words, is open to interpretation: Are the worlds represented through imagery fictionally true or imagined as a dream? It also aims to show that the ultimate openness of images to interpretation results from an indiscernible oscillation between ambiguation and disambiguation. The central hypothesis of the article states that these images have the potential to sensitise their audiences to ambiguity and thus promote its tolerance – even outside of literature. It posits that these images can support the development of ›ambiguity skills‹, understood here to refer to a child’s ability to handle perceived ambiguities productively, for instance by using them to examine basic anthropological questions, and is one means to prepare children for complex social ambiguities in real-life situations.
Raman scattering and Cr3+ luminescence study on the structural behavior of δ-AlOOH at high pressures
Authors: Wang Baoyun , Tan Dayong , Xiao Wansheng , Ding Xing , Li Li , Song Maoshuang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
δ-AlOOH is regarded as a potential water carrier that is stable in the Earth’s lower mantle down to the core-mantle boundary along the cold slab geotherm; thus, knowledge of its structural evolution under high pressure is very important for understanding water transport in the Earth’s interior. In this work, we conducted Raman scattering and luminescence spectroscopic experiments on δ-AlOOH at pressures up to 34.6 and 22.1 GPa, respectively. From the collected Raman spectra, significant changes in the pressure dependence of the frequencies of Raman-active modes were observed at ~8 GPa, with several modes displaying softening behavior. In particular, the soft A1 mode, which corresponds to a lattice vibration of the AlO6 octahedron correlated to OH stretching vibrations, decreases rapidly with increasing pressure and shows a trend of approaching 0 cm−1 at ~9 GPa according to a quadratic polynomial extrapolation. These results provide clear Raman-scattering spectroscopic evidence for the P21nm-to-Pnnm structural transition. Similarly, the phase transition was also observed in the luminescence spectra of Cr3+ in both powder and single-crystal δ-AlOOH samples, characterized by abrupt changes in the pressure dependences of the wavelength of the R-lines and sidebands across the P21nm-to-Pnnm transition. The continuous decrease in R2-R1 splitting with pressure indicated that the distortion of the AlO6 octahedron was suppressed under compression. No abnormal features were clearly observed in our Raman or luminescence spectra at ~18 GPa, where the ordered symmetrization or fully centered state with hydrogen located at the midpoint of the hydrogen bond was observed by a previous neutron diffraction study. However, some subtle changes in Raman and luminescence spectra indicated that the ordered symmetrization state might form at around 16 GPa.
Spectroscopic study on the local structure of sulfate (SO42−) incorporated in scorodite (FeAsO4·2H2O) lattice: Implications for understanding the Fe(III)-As(V)-SO42−-bearing minerals formation
Authors: Ma Xu , Qi Fengdai , Gomez Mario Alberto , Su Rui , Yan Zelong , Yao Shuhua , Wang Shaofeng , Jia Yongfeng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe incorporation of sulfate (SO42−) into the scorodite (FeAsO4·2H2O) lattice is an important mechanism during arsenic (As) fixation in natural and engineered settings. However, spectroscopic evidence of SO42− speciation and local structure in scorodite lattice is still lacking. In this study, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopic analyses in combination with density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to determine the local coordination environment of SO42− in the naturally and hydrothermally synthesized scorodite. The SO42− retention in natural scorodite and the effect of pH value and initial Na+ concentration on the incorporation of SO42− in synthetic scorodite were investigated. The results showed that trace amounts of SO42− were incorporated in natural scorodite samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results revealed that SO42− was homogeneously distributed inside the natural and synthetic scorodite particles, and its content in the synthetic scorodite increased slightly with the initial Na+ concentration at pH of 1.2 and 1.8. The FTIR features and XANES results indicated that the coordination number (CN) of FeO6 octahedra around SO42− in scorodite lattice is four. The DFT calculation optimized interatomic distances of S-O were 1.45, 1.46, 1.48, and 1.48 Å with an average of ~1.47 Å, and the interatomic distances of S-Fe were 3.29, 3.29, 3.33, and 3.41 Å with an average of ~3.33 Å. EXAFS analysis gave an average S-O bond length of 1.47(1) and S-Fe bond length of 3.33(1) Å with a CNS-Fe = 4 for SO42− in the scorodite structure, in good agreement with the DFT optimized structure. The results conclusively showed that SO42− in the scorodite lattice may be in the form of a Fe2(SO4)3-like local structure. The present study is significant for understanding the formation mechanism of scorodite in natural environments and hydrometallurgical unit operations for waste sulfuric acid treatment.
Jadeite and related species in shocked meteorites: Limitations on inference of shock conditions
Authors: Baziotis Ioannis , Xydous Stamatios , Papoutsa Angeliki , Hu Jinping , Ma Chi , Klemme Stephan , Berndt Jasper , Ferrière Ludovic , Caracas Razvan , Asimow Paul D. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Jadeite is frequently reported in shocked meteorites, displaying a variety of textures and grain sizes that suggest formation by either solid-state transformation or by crystallization from a melt. Some-times, jadeite has been identified solely on the basis of Raman spectra. Here we argue that additional characterization is needed to confidently identify jadeite and distinguish it from related species. Based on chemical and spectral analysis of three new occurrences, complemented by first-principles calculations, we show that related pyroxenes in the chemical space (Na)M2(Al)M1(Si2)TO6–(Ca)M2(Al)M1(AlSi) TO6–(☐)M2(Si)M1(Si2)TO6 with up to 2.25 atoms Si per formula unit have spectral features similar to jadeite. However, their distinct stability fields (if any) and synthesis pathways, considered together with textural constraints, have different implications for precursor phases and estimates of impactor size, encounter velocity, and crater diameter. A reassessment of reported jadeite occurrences casts a new light on many previous conclusions about the shock histories preserved in particular meteorites.