bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of different levels of low‐fat dried distillers grains on performance of young Nellore bulls during the finishing phase
Authors: Alhadas Herlon M. , Valadares Filho Sebastião C. , Tedeschi Luis O. , Vilela Rizielly S. R. , Souza Gilyard A. P. , Lage Bruno C. , Silva Breno C. , Rennó Luciana N. , Paulino Mario F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study evaluated the effect of including low‐fat dried distillers grains (DDG) on young Nellore bulls performance, nutritional parameters, and nitrogen metabolism. Thirty‐five Nellore cattle were randomly divided into four diets: without dried distillers grains (D0) or with the inclusion of DDG at 150 g/kg (D150), 300 g/kg (D300), or 450 g/kg (D450). The evaluation period lasted 126 days, and three periods of collection of feces and urine were carried out. Final body weight (P = 0.099) and average daily gain (P = 0.097) tended to decrease linearly; the digestibility of dry matter (P < 0.001), organic matter (P < 0.001), ether extract (P < 0.001) and nonfiber carbohydrates (P < 0.001), and intakes of total digestible nutrients (TDN, P < 0.001) decreased linearly. The increase in crude protein intake (P < 0.001) did not result in an increase in the amount of nitrogen retained (P = 0.540). We concluded that the inclusion of low‐fat DDG in finishing diets up to the level of 450 g/kg tends to reduce animal performance and the intake of TDN.
Concentration‐QT modelling in early clinical oncology settings: Simulation evaluation of performance
Authors: Cantet Gael , Berges Alienor , O'Sullivan Rhianna , Cohen‐Rabbie Sarit , Dota Corina , Dubois Vincent , Benoist Guillemette E. , Tomkinson Helen , Rekić Dinko , Parkinson Joanna , Schalkwijk Stein 
Published: August 2021

AimsConcentration‐QT modelling (C‐QTc) of first‐in‐human data has been rapidly adopted as the primary evaluation of QTc interval prolongation risk. Here, we evaluate the performance of C‐QTc in early oncology settings (i.e., patients, no placebo or supratherapeutic dose, 3 + 3 designs).MethodsC‐QTc performance was evaluated across three oncology scenarios using a simulation‐estimation approach: (scen1) typical dose‐escalation testing six dose levels (n = 21); (scen2) small dose‐escalation testing two dose levels (n = 9); (scen3) expansion cohorts at one dose level (n = 6–140). True ΔΔQTc effects ranged from 3 ms (“no effect”) to 20 ms (“large effect”). Performance was assessed based on the upper limit of the ΔQTc two‐sided 90% CI against a threshold of 10 or 20 ms.ResultsThe performance against the 10 ms threshold was limited based on C‐QTc data from typical dose escalation (scen1) and acceptable performance was observed only for relatively large expansions (n ≥ 45; scen3). Performance against the 20 ms threshold was acceptable based on C‐QTc data from a typical dose escalation (scen1) or dose expansion cohort n > 10 (scen3). In general, pooling C‐QTc data from dose escalation and expansion cohorts substantially improved the performance and reduced the ΔQTc 90% CI width.ConclusionC‐QTc performance appeared limited using a 10 ms threshold, but acceptable against a 20 ms threshold. Selection of threshold may be informed by the benefit–risk balance in a specific disease area. Acceptable precision (i.e., confidence intervals) of the estimated ΔQTc, regardless of its magnitude, can be facilitated by pooling data from dose escalation and expansion cohorts.
Integrated source rock evaluation along the maturation gradient. Application to the Vaca Muerta Formation, Neuquén Basin of Argentina
Authors: Spacapan J. B. , Comerio M. , Brisson I. , Rocha E. , Cipollone M. , Hidalgo J. C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Vaca Muerta Formation (Tithonian–early Valanginian) is the main source rock in the Neuquén Basin and the most important unconventional shale resource in South America. In the present study, organic geochemistry, electron microscopy and basin and petroleum system modelling (BPSM) were combined to evaluate source rock properties and related processes along a transect from the early oil (east) to the dry gas (west) window. The unit is characterized by high present‐day (1%–8% average) and original (2%–16% average) total organic carbon contents, which increase towards the base of the unit and basinal (west) settings. Scanning electron microscopy shows that organic pores derived from the transformation of type II kerogen. Isolated bubble pores are typical of the oil window, whereas bubble and densely distributed spongy pores occur in the gas stage, indicating that the maturity gradient exerts strong control on organic porosity. Organic geochemistry, pressure and porosity data were incorporated into a 2D basin petroleum system model that includes the sequential restoration of tectonic events and calculation of compaction trends, kerogen transformation, hydrocarbon generation and estimation of pore pressure through geologic time. The W–E regional model extends from the Agrio Fold and Thrust Belts to the basin border and allows us to evaluate the relationship between thermal maturity and timing of hydrocarbon generation from highly deformed (west) to undeformed (east) regions. Modelling results show a clear decrease in maturity and organic matter (OM) transformation towards the eastern basin margin. Maximum hydrocarbon generation occurred in the inner sectors of the belt, at ca. 120 Ma; long before the first Andean compression phase, which started during the Late Cretaceous (ca. 70 Ma). Miocene compression (15–7 Ma) promoted tectonic uplift of the inner and outer sectors of the belt associated with a reduction in thermal stress and kerogen cracking, as well as massive loss of retained fluids and a decrease in pore pressure. The OM transformation impacted (a) the magnitude of effective porosity associated with organic porosity development, and (b) the magnitude and distribution of pore pressure within the unit controlled by hydrocarbon generation and compaction disequilibrium. BPSM shows a progressive increase in effective porosity from the top to the base and towards the west region related to the original organic carbon content and maturity increasing along the same trend. Overpressure intervals with high organic carbon contents are the most prone to develop organic pores. The latter represent favourable sites for the storage of hydrocarbons in the Vaca Muerta Formation.
Supporting preschoolers’ cognitive development: Short‐ and mid‐term effects of fluid reasoning, visuospatial, and motor training
Authors: Gizzonio Valentina , Bazzini Maria Chiara , Marsella Cosima , Papangelo Pamela , Rizzolatti Giacomo , Fabbri‐Destro Maddalena 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCognitive abilities are essential to children's overall growth; thus, the implementation of early and effective training interventions is a major challenge for developmental psychologists and teachers. This study explores whether an intervention simultaneously operating on fluid reasoning (FR), visuospatial, narrative, and motor abilities could boost these competencies in a group of Italian preschoolers (N = 108, 54 males 54 females, Agemean = 4.04). FR and visuospatial abilities showed training‐related increases at the end of the training and 1‐year follow‐up (moderate effect size). Interestingly, positive correlations with working memory and mathematical abilities were found. Beyond their scientific relevance, the short‐ and long‐term effects provide fundamental indications for designing and implementing educational programs dedicated to preschoolers.
Strontium‐incorporated titanium implant surfaces treated by hydrothermal treatment enhance rapid osseointegration in diabetes: A preclinical vivo experimental study
Authors: Xu Yangbo , Zhang Liefen , Xu Jiangang , Li Jia , Wang Hui , He Fuming 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the current study was to explore effects of strontium‐incorporated titanium implant surfaces by hydrothermal treatment on osseointegration in diabetic rats.Materials and MethodsThe surface characteristics of SLA and SLA‐Sr surfaces were detected by related instruments. Thirty‐six male Sprague‐Dawley rats were induced into diabetes, and thirty‐six rats were normal. SLA and SLA‐Sr implants were, respectively, inserted into bilateral tibial metaphysis of each rat. Percentage of bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC%) and percentage of bone area (BA%) were analyzed at 4 and 8 weeks after implantation. Immunohistochemistry of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and Wnt5a were conducted at 1 and 4 weeks. Gene expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and related signaling molecules in peri‐implant bone tissue were detected at 3 and 7 days.ResultsStrontium was uniformly distributed on SLA‐Sr surfaces, and it was released in an effective concentration range. SLA‐Sr surfaces showed significantly higher BIC% in diabetic rats at 4 (p < .05) and 8 weeks (p < .05). Besides, it displayed higher BIC% at 4 weeks (p < .05) in normal rats. Also, SLA‐Sr surfaces upregulated expression of OPG at 4 weeks (p < .05) in diabetic rats. What's more, SLA‐Sr surfaces downregulated inflammation (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6; p < .01) in diabetic rats at 3 days. In addition, expression of Wnt5a and ROR2 was upregulated (p < .05) at 7 days after implantation under diabetes.ConclusionIt is suggested that strontium‐incorporated titanium implant surfaces by hydrothermal treatment could enhance implant osseointegration as compared with SLA implant surfaces in diabetic rats.
Kyoto classification risk scoring system and endoscopic grading of gastric intestinal metaplasia for gastric cancer: Multicenter observation study in Japan
Authors: Kawamura Masashi , Uedo Noriya , Koike Tomoyuki , Kanesaka Takashi , Hatta Waku , Ogata Yohei , Oikawa Tomoyuki , Iwai Wataru , Yokosawa Satoshi , Honda Junya , Asonuma Sho , Okata Hideki , Ohyauchi Motoki , Ito Hirotaka , Abe Yasuhiko , Ara Nobuyuki , Kayaba Shoichi , Shinkai Hirohiko , Shimokawa Toshio 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesThe usefulness of endoscopic and histological risk assessment for gastric cancer (GC) has not been fully investigated in Japanese clinical practice.MethodsIn this multicenter observation study, GC and non‐GC patients were prospectively enrolled in 10 Japanese facilities. The Kyoto classification risk scoring system, the Kimura–Takemoto endoscopic atrophy classification, the endoscopic grading of gastric intestinal metaplasia (EGGIM), the operative link on gastritis assessment (OLGA) and the operative link on gastric intestinal metaplasia assessment (OLGIM) were applied to all patients. The strength of an association with GC risk was compared. In addition, important endoscopic findings in the Kyoto classification were identified.ResultsOverall, 115 GC and 265 non‐GC patients were analyzed. Each risk stratification method had a significant association with GC risk in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, OLGIM stage III/IV (odds ratio [OR] 2.8 [95% CI 1.5–5.3]), high EGGIM score (OR 1.8 [1.0–3.1]) and opened‐type Kimura–Takemoto (OR 2.5 [1.4–4.5]) had significant associations with GC risk. In the Kyoto classification, opened‐type endoscopic atrophy, invisible regular arrangement of collecting venules (RAC), extensive (>30%) intestinal metaplasia in the corpus in image‐enhanced endoscopy, and map‐like redness in the corpus were independent high‐risk endoscopic findings. The modified Kyoto classification risk scoring system using these four findings demonstrated a better area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value (0.750, P = 0.052) than that of the original Kyoto classification (0.706).ConclusionsThe OLGIM stage III/IV, high EGGIM score and open‐typed Kimura–Takemoto had strong association with GC risk in Japanese patients. The modified Kyoto classification risk scoring system may be useful for GC risk assessment, which warrants further validation. (UMIN000027023).
The relationship between meal carbohydrate quantity and the insulin to carbohydrate ratio required to maintain glycaemia is non‐linear in young people with type 1 diabetes: A randomized crossover trial
Authors: Cordon Natalie M. , Smart Carmel E. M. , Smith Grant J. , Davis Elizabeth A. , Jones Timothy W. , Seckold Rowen , Burckhardt Marie‐ Anne , King Bruce R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if the relationship between meal carbohydrate quantity and the insulin to carbohydrate ratio (ICR) required to maintain glycaemia is linear in people with type 1 diabetes.MethodsWe used an open labelled randomized four‐arm cross‐over study design. Participants (N = 31) aged 12–27 years, HbA1c ≤ 64 mmol/mol (8.0%) received insulin doses based on the individual's ICR and the study breakfast carbohydrate quantity and then consumed four breakfasts containing 20, 50, 100 and 150 g of carbohydrate over four consecutive days in randomized order. The breakfast fat and protein percentages were standardized. Postprandial glycaemia was assessed by 5 h continuous glucose monitoring.The primary outcome was percent time in range (TIR) and secondary outcomes included hypoglycaemia, glucose excursion and incremental area under the curve. Statistical analysis included linear mixed modelling and Wilcoxon signed rank tests.ResultsThe 20 g carbohydrate breakfast had the largest proportion of TIR (0.74 ± 0.29 p < 0.04). Hypoglycaemia was more frequent in the 50 g (n = 13, 42%) and 100 g (n = 15, 50%) breakfasts compared to the 20 g (n = 6, 20%) and 150 g (n = 7, 26%) breakfasts (p < 0.029). The 150 g breakfast glucose excursion pattern was different from the smaller breakfasts with the lowest glucose excursion 0–2 h and the highest excursion from 3.5 to 5 h.ConclusionsA non‐linear relationship between insulin requirement and breakfast carbohydrate content was observed, suggesting that strengthened ICRs are needed for meals with ≤20 and ≥150 g of carbohydrate. Meals with ≥150 g of carbohydrate may benefit from dual wave bolusing.
My child's future mental health: Carer's engagement with risk identification in an intervention study for youth with at‐risk mental states
Authors: Tham Michael , Bendall Sarah , Carlyon‐Stewart Thomas , Polari Andrea , Hartmann Jessica , Kerr Melissa , Amminger Paul , McGorry Patrick , Nelson Barnaby , Ratheesh Aswin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimPrevention and early intervention efforts of serious mental illnesses has yielded promising results. However, alongside benefits, several ethical concerns have been raised, including the effects of being identified as being at‐risk. In these debates, the voice of parents or carers is conspicuously absent. This is especially concerning as several at‐risk interventions are trialled in under‐age youth where parents consent on behalf of young people. Therefore, this study aimed to understand carer's experiences of their teenager being identified as at risk for psychosis.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with seven carers who had provided consent for their teenager to participate in a stepped intervention study for youth at‐risk for psychosis. Questions explored their experiences regarding having their teenager being identified as at‐risk. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsWe identified five main themes from seven female carers' experiences of risk identification including: (a) recall of risk information was limited, or variable, (b) goal of risk disclosure was perceived to be positive, (c) negative emotions were associated with knowledge of risk, (d) relief from uncertainty and helplessness and (e) effects of risk disclosure were mediated by individual circumstance.ConclusionOverall, the results demonstrate that carers' experience of risk disclosure varied with factors surrounding their individual circumstances, and the process of disclosure. Whilst participants acknowledged potential adverse effects associated with risk disclosure, many still adopted a positive outlook. Tailoring safe and effective disclosure of risk to suit the needs of youth and carers could outweigh the potential risks.
Volume of hippocampal subfields and cognitive deficits in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
Authors: Cacciaguerra Laura , Valsasina Paola , Meani Alessandro , Riccitelli Gianna C. , Radaelli Marta , Rocca Maria A. , Filippi Massimo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAquaporin‐4 (AQP4) water channel is involved in hippocampal plasticity and is the target of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) autoimmunity. We measured volumes of hippocampal subfields and their association with cognitive performance in AQP4‐seropositive NMOSD patients.MethodsGlobal and regional hippocampal volumes were derived from 28 AQP4‐seropositive NMOSD patients and 101 healthy controls (HC) from 3D‐T1‐weighted images. Normalized brain volumes were also calculated. A neuropsychological evaluation, including the Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests, was performed in patients. Based on HC data, we estimated mean z‐scores of volumes in the whole NMOSD group and compared them according to the status of global and domain‐selective cognitive impairment.ResultsGlobal cognitive impairment was detected in 46.4% of NMOSD patients, with attentive (60.7%) and executive (21.4%) domains being the most affected. NMOSD patients had left hippocampal atrophy at global (p = 0.012) and regional level (fimbria, Cornu Ammonis [CA] 3, molecular layer, dentate gyrus [DG], and subicular complex, p values ranging between 0.033 and <0.001). On the right side the fimbria and hippocampal tail were atrophic (p = 0.024 for both). Cognitively impaired patients showed atrophy in the left CA3 and CA4 (p = 0.025–0.028), while patients presenting verbal and visual memory impairment had significant CA3 and DG atrophy. Those patients with attentive or executive impairment had preserved brain and hippocampal volumes.ConclusionsNMOSD patients showed hippocampal atrophy associated with verbal and visual memory impairment. Such damage did not explain attention and executive function alterations, which were the most common cognitive deficits in this population.
Quasistatic and fatigue behavior of an AISI H13 steel obtained by additive manufacturing and conventional method
Authors: Garcias José F. , Martins Rui F. , Branco Ricardo , Marciniak Zbigniew , Macek Wojciech , Pereira Cândida , Santos Cyril 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis work aims to compare the mechanical behavior of an AISI H13 steel obtained by additive manufacturing with that obtained by conventional manufacturing methods. The average values of the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and ductility obtained for the specimens produced by the conventional method were equal to 658 MPa and 18%, respectively, which compares with 503 MPa and 0.75% registered for the selective laser melting (SLM) specimens. Inversely, the average hardness value determined for the SLM specimens was higher, 450 HV, than the observed for the conventional, 200 HV. In addition, the maximum applied stress corresponding to a fatigue limit's endurance of 2 × 106 cycles was equal to 340 and 85 MPa for conventional and SLM specimens, respectively. Therefore, from a fatigue design point of view, it was possible to infer that σmax/UTS = 0.17 for the SLM specimens tested. Porosity and lack of fusion influenced the static and the fatigue strength negatively in the SLM specimens.
Effects of greenhouse gas emissions timing on alternative biomass and fossil energy sources for district heating
Authors: Kar Saurajyoti , Billen Pieter , Björnebo Lars , Katz Beth , Yang Sheng , Volk Timothy A. , Spatari Sabrina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDistrict heating (DH) systems can improve energy efficiency, reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and be a cost‐effective residential space heating alternative over conventional decentralized heating. This study uses radiative forcing (RF), a time‐sensitive life cycle assessment metric, to evaluate space heating alternatives. We compare forest residue and willow biomass resources and natural gas as fuel sources against decentralized heating using heating oil. The comparison is performed for selected locations in the Northeastern United States over a 30‐year production timeline and 100 observation years. The natural gas and willow scenarios are compared with scenarios where available forest residue is unused and adds a penalty of GHG emissions due to microbial decay. When forest residues are available, their use is recommended before considering willow production. Investment in bioenergy‐based DH with carbon capture and storage and natural‐gas‐based DH with carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology is considered to assess their influence on RF. Its implementation further improves the net carbon mitigation potential of DH despite the carbon and energy cost of CCS infrastructure. Soil carbon sequestration from willow production reduces RF overall, specifically when grown on land converted from cropland to pasture, hay, and grassland. The study places initial GHG emissions spikes from infrastructure and land‐use change into a temporal framework and shows a payback within the first 5 years of operation for DH with forest residues and willow.
Infiltrative tumor interface with normal renal parenchyma in locally advanced renal cell carcinoma: Clinical relevance and pathological implications
Authors: Shimada Wataru , Tanaka Hajime , Fukawa Yuki , Kimura Koichiro , Yamamoto Kouhei , Fukuda Shohei , Fukushima Hiroshi , Yasuda Yosuke , Uehara Sho , Yoshida Soichiro , Yokoyama Minato , Matsuoka Yoh , Tateishi Ukihide , Campbell Steven C , Fujii Yasuhisa 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesLocally advanced renal cell carcinoma is considered clinically aggressive, despite heterogeneity in survival outcomes. We investigated the clinical relevance and pathological implications of infiltrative tumor interface with normal renal parenchyma on preoperative imaging in locally advanced renal cell carcinoma.MethodsA total of 77 patients with locally advanced renal cell carcinoma (≥pT3a Nany M0) who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy (2008–2018) were analyzed. Preoperative dynamic computed tomography images were reviewed to assess radiological infiltrative features. A radiological infiltrative feature was defined as an ill‐defined tumor interface with normal renal parenchyma. The tumor interfaces were analyzed histologically and compared with radiological findings.ResultsThe median tumor size was 6.4 cm. Lymphadenopathy was observed in four patients (5.2%). Clear cell renal cell carcinoma was diagnosed in 66 patients (86%) and Fuhrman grade was 3–4 in 38 patients (49%). A total of 30 patients (39%) showed radiological infiltrative features, which were significantly associated with larger tumor size and higher clinical T stage. The specificity and sensitivity of radiological infiltrative features in predicting pathological renal parenchymal infiltration were 90 and 64%, respectively. During a median follow‐up period of 3.8 years, 27 patients (35%) developed cancer recurrences, and six patients (7.8%) died of renal cell carcinoma. Multivariable analysis showed that the presence of radiological infiltrative features was an independent risk factor for cancer recurrence. Cancer recurrence and cancer‐specific mortality were significantly stratified by the presence or absence of radiological infiltrative features (P < 0.001 and P = 0.02, respectively).ConclusionsLocally advanced renal cell carcinoma can show radiological infiltrative features preoperatively, which are significantly associated with unfavorable prognosis. Radiological infiltrative features on preoperative imaging correspond with a high specificity to pathological renal parenchymal infiltration.