bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adipose tissue macrophages as a therapeutic target in obesity‐associated diseases
Authors: Herrada Andrés A. , Olate‐Briones Alexandra , Rojas Armando , Liu Chaohong , Escobedo Noelia , Piesche Matthias 
Published: January 2021

SummaryObesity is an increasing problem in developed and developing countries. Individuals with obesity have a higher risk of several diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, increased risk of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, infertility, degenerative disorders, and also certain types of cancer. Adipose tissue (AT) is considered an extremely active endocrine organ, and the expansion of AT is accompanied by the infiltration of different types of immune cells, which induces a state of low‐grade, chronic inflammation and metabolic dysregulation. Even though the exact mechanism of this low‐grade inflammation is not fully understood, there is clear evidence that AT‐infiltrating macrophages (ATMs) play a significant role in the pro‐inflammatory state and dysregulated metabolism. ATMs represent the most abundant class of leukocytes in AT, constituting 5% of the cells in AT in individuals with normal weight. However, this percentage dramatically increases up to 50% in individuals with obesity, suggesting an important role of ATMs in obesity and its associated complications. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of the function of ATMs during steady‐state and obesity and analyze its contribution to different obesity‐associated diseases, highlighting the potential therapeutic target of ATMs in these pathological conditions.
Role of long non‐coding RNAs in adipogenesis: State of the art and implications in obesity and obesity‐associated diseases
Authors: Rey Federica , Urrata Valentina , Gilardini Luisa , Bertoli Simona , Calcaterra Valeria , Zuccotti Gian Vincenzo , Cancello Raffaella , Carelli Stephana 
Published: January 2021

SummaryObesity is an evolutionary, chronic, and relapsing disease that consists of a pathological accumulation of adipose tissue able to increase morbidity for high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obstructive sleep apnea in adults, children, and adolescents. Despite intense research over the last 20 years, obesity remains today a disease with a complex and multifactorial etiology. Recently, long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as interesting new regulators as different lncRNAs have been found to play a role in early and late phases of adipogenesis and to be implicated in obesity‐associated complications onset. In this review, we discuss the most recent advances on the role of lncRNAs in adipocyte biology and in obesity‐associated complications. Indeed, more and more researchers are focusing on investigating the underlying roles that these molecular modulators could play. Even if a significant number of evidence is correlation‐based, with lncRNAs being differentially expressed in a specific disease, recent works are now focused on deeply analyzing how lncRNAs can effectively modulate the disease pathogenesis onset and progression. LncRNAs possibly represent new molecular markers useful in the future for both the early diagnosis and a prompt clinical management of patients with obesity.
Prediction of orthognathic surgery need in children with unilateral cleft lip palate: Dental arch relationships and 5‐year‐olds' index
Authors: Heliövaara Arja , Leikola Junnu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether dental arch relationships at 6 years of age can categorize treatment outcome and predict later need for orthognathic surgery in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP).Setting and sample populationA retrospective longitudinal single‐centre study. The study sample comprised 70 consecutive non‐syndromic children (47 boys) with complete UCLP operated on by pushback techniques during 1981‐1989 and followed until early adulthood in the same cleft centre.Materials and methodsDental casts and maxillomandibular relationships were assessed before orthodontic treatment and secondary alveolar bone grafting at mean age 6.1 years (range 5.6‐6.8) using the 5‐year‐olds' index and lateral cephalograms. The need for orthognathic surgery was retrieved from patient files. Student's t test, Pearson's correlation, and Kappa statistics were used in statistical analyses.ResultsOrthognathic surgery frequency was 41% (29/70). Those needing orthognathic surgery comprised all 3 patients with an index score of 5 (very poor), 14 of 17 (82%) scoring 4 (poor), 10 of 26 (38%) scoring 3 (fair), and 2 of 19 (11%) scoring 2 (good). Of the five patients with index score 1 (excellent), none needed osteotomies. The mean index score was 2.9. The score was significantly better in those without orthognathic surgery (2.4 versus 3.6). A significant negative correlation existed between the 5‐year‐olds' index and cephalometric angles ANB and anb.ConclusionThe use of 5‐year‐olds' index may help to predict treatment outcome and the clinical need for orthognathic surgery especially in patients with the lowest and highest index scores.
Clinical Efficacy of Vertical or Parallel Technique of a Micro‐Locking Plate for Treatment of Dubberley B‐Type Capitellar Fractures
Authors: Lu Yao , Fu Lei , Ma Teng , Xu Yi‐bo , Xu Li‐ping , Song Zhe , Fan Shan , Wang Qian , Sun Liang , Xue Han‐zhong , Li Zhong , Zhang Kun , Liu De‐yin , Ren Cheng 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of micro‐locking plate through vertical or parallel technique for treatment of Dubberley B‐type capitellar fractures.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed in 24 patients (17 males and seven females, with an average age of 44.9 years, range from 19 to 75 years) with capitellar fractures that were treated with micro‐locking plate using vertical or parallel technique between January 2016 to January 2019. The inclusion criteria include closed capitellar fracture, normal anterior elbow joint movement before injury, and recent capitellar fracture with injury within past 3 weeks. Fractures classified according to Dubberley included four cases of type IB, eight cases of type IIB, and 12 cases of type IIIB. Radiographic evaluation was performed. Surgery time, blood loss, range of motion of the elbow, forearm rotation, and complications were recorded. Elbow joint function was evaluated by Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS).ResultsThe mean follow‐up period was 19.6 months (range, 12–36 months). The average clinical healing time for fractures was 11.2 ± 3.2 weeks (range, 8–20 weeks). Fracture united in all patients. Two patients showed slight delayed union, but union was achieved eventually. The mean time from injury to surgery was 6.3 ± 3.1 days (range, 2–15 days). The average surgical time was 68.1 ± 11.5 min (range, 50–90 min), and the mean blood loss was 75.2 ± 26.5 mL (range, 40–120 mL). The mean range of flexion was 122.5° ± 10.5°(range, 95°–140°). The mean range of extension was 8.5° ± 5.8°(range, 0°–20°). The mean range of pronation was 79.7° ± 8.0°(range, 65°–90°). The mean range of supination was 80.5° ± 7.1°(range, 60°–90°). The mean MEPS at final follow‐up was 89.8 ± 9.0 (range, 60–100). Based on the MEPS, 18 (75%) patients had excellent, five (20.8%) patients had good, and one (4.2%) patient had fair. None of the 24 patients suffered vascular or nerve injury. One patient showed superficial infection, which was treated with surgical dressing.ConclusionsThe vertical or parallel technique of the micro‐locking plate is an excellent method for treating Dubberley B‐type capitellar fractures.
“Apical sparing” T‐wave inversion in a case of mid‐ventricular takotsubo syndrome
Authors: Giannattasio Alessia , Baritussio Anna , Gallucci Marco , Migliore Federico , Corrado Domenico , Zorzi Alessandro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPrevious studies showed that myocardial edema correlates with dynamic T‐wave inversion and QTc prolongation in a variety of acute cardiovascular diseases including takotsubo syndrome (TTS). We reported the case of a patient with “atypical” (mid‐ventricular) TTS showing a unique pattern of diffuse T‐wave inversion that spared only the apical precordial leads V3–V4. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) showed myocardial edema involving all mid‐ventricular segments but not the apex. Both ECG and CMR normalized at follow‐up evaluation. This case further reinforces the theory of an association between presence and regional distribution of acute myocardial inflammation and dynamic repolarization changes.
Prognostic nutritional index as the predictor of long‐term mortality among HFrEF patients with ICD
Authors: Çinier Göksel , Hayıroğlu Mert İlker , Pay Levent , Yumurtaş Ahmet Çağdaş , Tezen Ozan , Eren Semih , Kolak Zeynep , Çetin Tuğba , Özcan Serhan , Türkkan Ceyhan , Özbilgin Nazmiye , Tekkeşin Ahmet İlker , Alper Ahmet Taha , Gürkan Kadir 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe benefit of implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) could be limited in a particular group of patients. Low prognostic nutritional index (PNI) indicates malnutrition and proinflammatory condition. We sought to investigate the value of PNI in predicting long‐term mortality among HFrEF patients with ICD.MethodsElectronic database was searched for identifying patients with HFrEF who were implanted ICD in our institution between 2009 and 2019. Demographic and clinical characteristics of included patients were recorded. PNI was calculated according to the formula: 10 × serum albumin (g/dL) + 0.005 × total lymphocyte count (per mm3). Patients were divided into the quartiles according to PNI values. Differences between the groups were analyzed by the log‐rank test. A forward Cox proportional regression model was used for multivariable analysis.ResultsOne thousand and hundred patients were included to the study. The underlying heart failure etiology was ischemic and nonischemic in 77.3% and 22.7% of patients, respectively. Mortality rate in Q1 (5.1%) was considered as the reference. In the unadjusted model the mortality rate was 9.5% (hazard ratio [HR] 1.76, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] [0.92‐3.38]) in Q2, 10.2% (HR 1.88, 95% CI 0.99‐3.58) in Q3, and 39.6% (HR 8.12, 95% CI 4.65‐14.17) in Q4. The same trend was consistent in the age‐ and sex‐adjusted, comorbidities‐adjusted, and covariates‐adjusted models.ConclusionAmong patients who were implanted with ICD secondary to HFrEF, lower PNI value predicted all‐cause mortality during long‐term follow‐up. This is the first study demonstrating the value of PNI in this population.
Feasibility of effectiveness trials in pediatric anesthesia
Authors: Morton William J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundEffectiveness studies aim to investigate whether an intervention does more good than harm in normal clinical practice.DiscussionHistorically, research in pediatric anesthesia has appropriately concentrated on efficacy studies which even if of excellent design, tell us little about how generalizable or applicable the findings are to routine clinical practice. Simultaneously effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness research has been limited due to systematic and cultural factors. To understand the challenges of effectiveness research in children, it is necessary to examine the overlapping relationship between efficacy, effectiveness, and cost‐effectiveness studies. This can be illuminated with Cochrane´s hierarchy of investigation and the disease, illness, and sickness modelfrom the philosophy of science. Effectiveness (illness perspective) studies form the middle rung of Cochrane´s research hierarchy, between efficacy (disease perspective) and cost‐effectiveness (sickness perspective) research. Effectiveness studies aim to be generalizable and determine whether interventions work in routine clinical practice. Since outcomes that reflect patient priorities offer the most generalizability these are encouraged in effectiveness studies. Due to developing consciousness and communication in young children, identifying and measuring patient‐centered outcomes has challenges. These challenges are not insurmountable and with appropriate communication and research techniques the subjective nature of the experience of illness in the young may be elucidated and should direct research goals where possible. Sickness perspective research, in terms of cost‐effectiveness, remains underdeveloped in pediatric anesthesia.SummaryPediatric anesthesia has a strong base in efficacy research, but the need to expand research to include effectiveness and eventually cost‐effectiveness studies should not be ignored.
Bare‐bulb Upper‐Room Germicidal Ultraviolet‐C (GUV) Indoor Air Disinfection for COVID‐19†
Authors: Davidson Bruce L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractReliable indoor air disinfection could make clinical and other necessary indoor spaces safer during epidemics with airborne transmission like COVID‐19. Low‐dose upper‐room germicidal ultraviolet‐C (GUV 254 nm) is well suited for this because of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus' sensitivity to GUV inactivation and GUV's relatively easy adaptability to many types of indoor spaces without respect to outside weather conditions. However, most existing upper‐room GUV fixtures are relatively expensive and inefficient at creating an upper‐room disinfection zone due to loss of disinfecting UV‐C photons caused by the casing and louvers designed to protect persons in the occupied space. Presented herein are two moderate‐size restaurant spaces, 900 ft2 (83.6 m2) and 630 ft2 (58.5 m2), respectively, in which low‐cost bare‐bulb GUV fixtures, without exterior casing, were installed with upward‐pulling ceiling fans to provide upper‐room disinfection and lower‐room safety. Proper safety‐tested installations like these are adaptable to hospital emergency department waiting rooms, clinics, nursing home and prison common areas, public libraries, schools and restaurants.
Maternal risk factors for congenital limb deficiencies: A population‐based case–control study
Authors: Syvänen Johanna , Nietosvaara Yrjänä , Hurme Saija , Perheentupa Antti , Gissler Mika , Raitio Arimatias , Helenius Ilkka 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundRisk factors for congenital limb deficiencies are poorly understood.ObjectiveTo investigate risk factors for congenital limb deficiencies.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide population‐based case–control (1:5) study in Finland, using national registers on congenital anomalies, births, and induced abortions, cross‐linked with data on maternal prescription medicine use obtained from the registers on Reimbursed Drug Purchases and Medical Special Reimbursements. Five hundred and four children with limb deficiencies (241 isolated, 181 syndromic, and 82 other associated anomalies) were identified, and 2,520 controls were matched to cases on residence and year of pregnancy. Non‐syndromic cases (n = 323) were subdivided into longitudinal (n = 120), transverse (n = 123), intercalary (n = 24), mixed (n = 18), and unknown (n = 38) deficiencies.ResultsPregestational diabetes was associated with all limb deficiencies (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 12.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.37, 68.25) and with isolated (OR 11.42, 95% CI 2.00, 64.60) deficiencies. Primiparity was associated with increased risk of congenital limb deficiencies among all cases (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.15, 1.93), isolated cases (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.09, 1.96), and among cases with longitudinal (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.24, 2.90) and transverse deficiencies (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.13, 2.70). Young maternal age (<25 years) was associated with all congenital limb deficiencies (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.02, 1.90) and transverse deficiencies (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.05, 2.96). Advanced maternal age (≥35 years) was associated with syndromic (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.19, 2.78) and transverse deficiencies (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.06, 3.57). Maternal antiepileptic medication was associated with all (OR 5.77, 95% CI 1.75, 19.04) and with isolated cases (OR 3.83, 95% CI 1.02, 14.34).ConclusionsIt is important that pregnant women taking medications, especially antiepileptics, or women with pregestational diabetes are carefully monitored with regard to the occurrence and risk of limb deficiencies in the fetus.
The interplay of hydraulic failure and cell vitality explains tree capacity to recover from drought
Authors: Mantova Marylou , Menezes‐Silva Paulo E. , Badel Eric , Cochard Hervé , Torres‐Ruiz José M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGlobal climatic models predict an increment in the frequency and intensity of drought events, which have important consequences on forest dieback. However, the mechanisms leading to tree mortality under drought conditions and the physiological thresholds for recovery are not totally understood yet. This study aimed to identify what are the key physiological traits that determine the tree capacity to recover from drought. Individuals of a conifer (Pseudotsuga menziesii M.) and an angiosperm (Prunus lusitanica L.) species were exposed to drought and their ability to recover after rehydration monitored. Results showed that the actual thresholds used for recovery from drought based on percentage loss of conductance (PLC) (i.e., 50% for conifers, 88% for angiosperms) do not provide accurate insights about the tree capacity for surviving extreme drought events. On the contrary, differences in stem relative water content (RWCStem) and the level of electrolytes leakage (EL) were directly related to the capacity of the trees to recover from drought. This was the case for the conifer species, P. menziesii, for which higher RWCStem and lower EL values were related to the recovery capacity. Even if results showed a similar trend for the angiosperm P. lusitanica as for the conifers, differences between the two traits were much more subtle and did not allow an accurate differentiation between trees able to recover and those that were not. RWCStem and EL could work as indicators of tree capacity to recover from drought for conifers but more studies are required to confirm this observation for angiosperms.
Right unilateral versus bilateral formula‐based electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of major depression in elderly patients: a randomised, open label, pilot controlled trial
Authors: Dominiak Monika , Goetz Zuzanna , Antosik‐Wojcinska Anna Z. , Swiecicki Lukasz 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains the most effective treatment of depression in the elderly population; however, it is still unclear which type of ECT is most beneficial in this population. The aims of this study were: (i) to assess the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial in elderly depressed patients treated with right unilateral (RUL) or fronto‐temporal bilateral (BT) formula‐based ECT; (ii) to compare formula‐based RUL and BT ECT in terms of efficacy, safety and tolerability in this population.MethodsThe study lasted 3 years and managed to randomise 29 patients over 65 years old to receive either BT (n= 14) or RUL (n= 15) ECT. Brief pulse width (0.5 ms) and age‐based dosing method were applied. The clinical efficacy was assessed using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, somatic state was monitored throughout the ECT course. In neuropsychological examination general cognitive performance, executive functions, verbal fluency, memory, autobiographical memory were evaluated.ResultsThe recruitment was poor due to small number of patients able to give informed consent. ECT proved to be a highly effective and safe method of treatment among elders. Formula‐based RUL ECT did not differ from BT in antidepressant efficacy and had cognitive advantages ‐ the indices of general cognitive performance, verbal fluency and memory were significantly better than before the treatment in the RUL group. Decline in retrieval consistency of autobiographical memory was more pronounced in the BT group, although it was observed across both groups.ConclusionsFormula‐based RUL ECT might not differ from BT in antidepressant efficacy and has an advantage in terms of tolerability.
The redclaw crayfish: A prominent aquaculture species with invasive potential in tropical and subtropical biodiversity hotspots
Authors: Haubrock Phillip J. , Oficialdegui Francisco J. , Zeng Yiwen , Patoka Jiří , Yeo Darren C.J. , Kouba Antonín 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe redclaw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus; hereafter redclaw), native to northern Australia and southern New Guinea, is among the largest freshwater decapods. It matures early and is considered highly prolific as females may lay over one thousand eggs in a single clutch. Despite generally preferring slow‐moving streams in its native range, it has a wide environmental tolerance, making it capable of establishing populations when introduced to a wide range of other conditions and habitats. These biological and ecological features render it a highly suitable and popular species for aquaculture worldwide, being the second most important crayfish species economically (after the red swamp crayfishProcambarus clarkii). Adding to that, its unique coloration fuels demand and value among aquarium enthusiasts, making it attractive for the aquarium pet trade. Today, redclaw is widely translocated (67 countries/territories) and various established wild populations (22 countries) have been reported on every continent except Antarctica. Information on its potential or observed impacts, however, is sparse and often anecdotal. To address this gap, this comprehensive review compiles all available information on this species, covering its taxonomy and description, biology and ecology, native and non‐native ranges accompanied with documented introduction pathways. Built upon these, we conducted biological and socio‐economic classification and species distribution modelling. We reveal a lack of thorough impact assessments for this species despite sufficient indications of major observable impacts at local scales. We call attention to the importance of managing the use of this prominent introduced species in aquaculture and aquarium pet trade.
Alpha‐lipoic acid improves the maturation and the developmental potential of goat oocytes in vitro
Authors: He Yuanyuan , Wang Yile , Zhang Hengde , Zhang Yong , Quan Fusheng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOxidative stress inevitably occurs during oocyte maturation in vitro. α‐lipoic acid (α‐LA) has a strong antioxidant capacity, but the effect of α‐LA on parthenogenetic activation of oocytes was rarely reported. This study aims to investigate the effect of supplementing α‐LA to in vitro maturation medium on the subsequent developmental ability of goat parthenogenetic embryos during oocytes maturation. In the study, the goat cumulus‐oocyte complex was divided into the experimental (with 25 μmol/L α‐LA) and the control (without α‐LA) groups. Oxidase expression was measured using RT‐qPCR. After 18–22 hr of maturation, the oocytes were then parthenogenetic activated. The total antioxidant capacity of embryos was measured after 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr of culture. Rates of oocyte maturation and the rates of development for parthenogenetic embryos in the α‐LA group were significantly improved by 7.88% (p < .05) and 5.41% (p < .05) compared with those in the control group, respectively. After 24 hr, the difference in total antioxidant capacity was extremely significant in both groups. An evident decrease in the control group and a minor decrease in the α‐LA group were observed (p < .01). The ratio of inner cell mass cells to the total cell number of blastocysts in the α‐LA group increased compared with that in the control group (p < .05) on day 8. α‐LA significantly promoted the expression of SOD and GPX4 of parthenogenetic blastocysts and maturated oocytes. α‐LA (25 μmol/L) improved the maturation rate and the developmental competence of the parthenogenetic activation of oocytes, which might be mediated by maintaining the total antioxidant ability of oocytes during the culture period.