bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
There's Something Wrong with Michael: A Pediatrician-Mother's Perspective
Authors: Butler Adrienne B. 
Published: December 2021

Pediatric education strongly emphasizes the psychosocial aspects of diseases of children. The pediatric literature, replete with articles about evaluation and treatment of children with developmental disabilities,1-6 rarely addresses adaptation of the family to the child with a major congenital malformation or mental retardation.7-10 The dearth of such articles in general pediatric journals in recent years is inconsistent with the stated emphasis on developmental pediatrics in our training programs.11
How does one teach pediatric house officers to deal with handicapped children and their families? The emotions unleashed by the day-to-day needs of a handicapped child are uncomfortable, and are, to a large extent, defended against, if not denied, by the medical caretaker. Although necessary for one's own emotional survival, and for the delivery of objective pediatric care, such defenses may, in fact, interfere with one's ability to deal optimally with such a child and his or her family.12 Being Michael's mother has changed all of that for me.
I can remember vividly the date and time we first recognized that Michael had a problem. His placid disposition, coupled with a hectic household and our delight in having an "easy" baby for a third child, had combined into at most a vague sense of unease at his delay in motor activity. The realization that all was not well came to me suddenly and with urgency one night when Michael was nearly 7 months old.
"I don't know why I keep fooling myself," I told my husband that night. "He should be rolling over.
Aspirin and Reye Syndrome—Statement Challenged
Authors: BURKE BRYAN L. 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
The controversery regarding aspirin and Reye syndrome will surely swirl to new heights with your publication of the latest recommendations of the Committee on Infectious Diseases in your June 1982 issue.1 I understand their concern, but overall I feel their statement tends to throw the baby out with the bath water. Reye syndrome is a disease process that occurs in approximately one or two children out of 100,000 cases of influenza or varicella in an epidemic situation.
New hosts and morphological data for the Star pearlfish Carapus mourlani (Ophidiiformes: Carapidae) from collections made in the North Pacific coast of Costa Rica
Authors: Chacón-Monge José-Leonardo , Angulo Arturo , Cortés Jorge 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The family Carapidae includes about 40 species of marine fishes distributed in coastal habitats worldwide. The family includes some free-living species, however, most of them are found as commensal inquilines or parasites of marine invertebrates, including several echinoderm species. In the Eastern Tropical Pacific, the biology and host use of the representatives of the Carapidae is relatively poorly known.
Objective: The present study reports the occurrence of the Star pearlfish Carapus mourlani within three previously unknown hosts in the region: the sea stars Nidorellia armata, Phataria unifascialis, and the sea cucumber Stichopus horrens. Some ecological implications and considerations regarding such symbiotic relationships are raised and discussed. Additional morphometric and meristic data for the fish and the echinoderms are also provided and discussed.
Methods: Echinoderms were collected, from 25 localities along the North Pacific coast of Costa Rica, and were carefully examined searching for commensal/parasitic fishes. Echinoderms and fishes were identified and characterized in accordance with the specialized literature.
Results: A total of 497 echinoderms, including about 60 species, were collected and examined. Commensal/parasitic fish (a single species represented by 13 specimens) were found in three echinoderm specimens/species.
Conclusions: The list of echinoderm hosts for this carapid fish, through its whole distribution range, rises to 12 species (six sea stars and six sea cucumbers) and that could be a consequence of its wide geographic distribution, its generalist feeding habits and opportunistic commensal behavior.
Residency of bull sharks, Carcharhinus leucas (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae), at San Pedrillo Islet in Islas Murciélago, North Pacific of Costa Rica
Authors: López-Garro Andrés , Zanella Ilena 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas, is particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic actions because of its permanence in coastal ecosystems; populations depletion is registered in different places around the world. Aggregations of bull sharks have been reported in the North Pacific of Costa Rica, at Islas Murciélago, within the Guanacaste Conservation Area.
Objective: To study the residency of bull sharks at San Pedrillo islet, Islas Murciélago.
Methods: During the study period (June 2013 to February 2015) we used passive telemetry to tag 10 bull sharks.
Results: All the sharks tagged were females, they were detected on 59 798 occasions by the acoustic receiver deployed in San Pedrillo. Acoustic signals from tagged sharks were received for a total period of 1 to 229 days (mean = 73.9 ± 71.3 days), with the last detections occurring on 9 January 2015. The Residency Index for each tagged shark across the entire monitoring period ranged from 0.41 to 1.00. The bull shark activity showed a significant pattern throughout the day at the receiver that specifically corresponded with the daily light cycle.
Conclusions: This study concludes that San Pedrillo is an aggregation site (cleaning station) for bull sharks (C. leucas), possibly related to reproduction and not feeding behaviors.
Avaliação dos impactos causados pelas enchentes em regiões ribeirinhas na cidade de Boa Vista/RR
Authors: Silva Ofélia Carneiro , Gomes Leonardo Soligo , Ribeiro Silva Luiz Gustavo Hilário , Matos Alex Bortolon , Silva Filho Pedro Alves 
Published: December 2021

Resumo: As populações das regiões às margens do Rio Branco sofrem anualmente no período de chuva com as enchentes, as quais são inevitáveis por ser um fenômeno natural dos rios, mas é possível diminuir os impactos causados pelas inundações, com medidas estruturais e não estruturais, e para recomendar a melhor solução é necessário avaliar os impactos causados nas regiões ribeirinhas atingidas. O principal objetivo deste estudo é levantar as causas das inundações e avaliar seus efeitos causados pela ocupação da margem do Rio Branco, e recomendar ações de controle para minimizar os prejuízos sociais, econômicos e ambientais. Inicialmente fez-se necessário um estudo bibliográfico e visitas em campo. A partir de um mapeamento, delimitou-se as áreas ribeirinhas, com o intuito de conhecer a região afetada pela inundação. Foi feito ainda um levantamento de dados de registro histórico, junto à Defesa Civil Municipal, para obtenção do perfil sócio-economico da população atingida. Com o intuito de conhecer o período crítico de eventos buscou-se dados de registro histórico hidrológicos nos órgãos competentes. Para quantificar e qualificar o impactos potenciais utilizou-se métodos de avaliação de impactos ambientais ontendo-se um grau de 50% de risco. Os impactos indicaram que o problema na região não é apenas um problema estrutural, é também social, pois as famílias que ali residem são de baixa renda e vivem basicamente da pesca no Rio Branco.
A study of variations in branching pattern of axillary artery in cadavers
Authors: Ovhal Anjalee G , Ravikumar K , Sachdev Devender 
Published: December 2021

The knowledge of variable branching pattern of Axillary artery is needed for vascular surgeons, onco surgeons, anaesthesiologists, orthopedic surgeons and radiologists due to increased use of invasive diagnostic, interventional procedures. The aim was to study the variable branching pattern of Axillary artey in cadavers. 15 cadavers (30 upper limbs) - 12 male and 3 female embalmed with 10% formalin were dissected for this study. Variable branching pattern was observed in 6.6% of the cases on right side and 6.6% of the cases on left side in first part of axillary artery, 40% of the cases on right side and 53.3% of the cases on left side in second part and 53.3% of the cases on right side and 26.6% of the cases on left side in third part. The anatomical knowledge of the normal and variant anatomy of the Axillary artery is of importance for anatomists, surgeons, radiologists and clinicians during various interventional, diagnostic, therapeutic and surgical procedures on pectoral and axillary regions.
Flipped learning – Pedagogic dilemmas
Authors: Klasnic Irena , Duranovic Marina , Vidic Tomislava 
Published: December 2021

Scientific and practical examinations of pedagogues, educators and teachers are directed to finding the approach, methods and strategies which would motivate students and make them more active in the learning process. One of the ways to achieve this is flipped learning. This article aims to describe some characteristics of flipped learning, and also questions the pedagogic foundation, justification and limits of the usage possibilities and the potential challenges in the implementation of this model into the educational system. The research reports findings based on the trends in flipped learning. By replacing activities carried out in the classroom and at home, students are put into a new situation. A student independently realises the initial contact with the teaching content at home, whereas in the classroom, the activities (with the teacher and other students) that provide understanding and application of the learned are implemented.

Keywords: Education, flipped learning, students, teacher, pedagogic.
Qualidade da educação na perspectiva da pedagogia histórico-crítica
Authors: Silva João Carlos da , Niesvald Kerlyn Tatiana Schulz 
Published: December 2021

Esse artigo discute o tema da qualidade da educação, na perspectiva da Pedagogia Histórico-Critica (PHC), no sentido de construção de alguns referenciais analíticos presentes nesta teoria pedagogia. Aborda sua concepção de mundo, de sociedade e de educação, evidenciando aqueles elementos que poderiam qualificar a natureza, as propriedades e os atributos desejáveis de um processo educativo de qualidade. A apropriação do conhecimento científico, artístico e filosófico ocorre através de uma prática pedagógica sistemática, desenvolvida a partir da realidade concreta e do compromisso político. A Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica consiste em uma teoria político-pedagógica contra hegemônica que defende o acesso da classe trabalhadora ao saber historicamente produzido pela humanidade. Nesta perspectiva, o que se entende por uma educação de qualidade difere do padrão imposto pela sociedade capitalista. Neste sentido, a PHC posiciona-se em defesa da escola pública de qualidade e sua importância no seio da sociedade por meio da reorganização do trabalho educativo, tendo como eixo primordial o saber sistematizado sob o qual se define a especificidade da educação escolar.
The Carrier Rate of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Bacteria in Cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) in Hospital and Community
Authors: Puspita Ardhiya , Arizandy Radita Yuniar , Wasito Eddy Bagus , Kuntaman Kuntaman 
Published: December 2021

Highlight :Bacteriologically for colonization of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae in cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) were analyzed.The prevalence of ESBL producing bacteria among cockroaches in hospitals is bigger than in households.Abstract: Cockroach (Periplaneta americana) is one of the vectors in the environment that can transmit disease. Cockroaches can act as potential mechanical vectors of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Enterobacteriaceae is a gram-negative bacteria that has natural habitats in the digestive tract of humans and animals. Enterobacteriaceae that produce Extended Spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) have emerged as major pathogens in hospitals. The study analyzed the prevalence of ESBL producing bacteria in cockroaches that lived in hospitals and residential homes. In this study, a total of 200 cockroaches consisting of 100 cockroaches from the hospital environment and 100 cockroaches from the residential environment were analyzed bacteriologically for colonization of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae. The specimen of the alimentary tract was taken and sub-cultured in MacConkey agar supplemented with cefotaxime 2 ug/ml. Growth colonies were suggested as an ESBL-producing bacteria, then were confirmed as ESBL producers by the Double Disk Synergy Test (DDST). The ESBL gene was detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Among 100 household cockroach samples, 14 (14%) were identified as ESBL producers, while 100 hospital cockroaches were 26 (26%) positive ESBL. The ESBL gene, in hospital cockroach were identified of CTXM 19 (19%), SHV 7 (7%), and not any TEM gene, while among household cockroaches were identified CTXM 2 (2%), SHV 11 (11%), and also not detected TEM ESBL gene. Among ESBL genes, only the CTXM gene was significantly different between household and hospital cockroaches.
Holotomographic imaging of eukaryotic cells
Authors: Jo YoungJu , Park Wei Sun , Park YongKeun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Holotomography measures 3D refractive index (RI) distribution in cells and tissues without exogenous labeling. Here we describe a protocol for holotomographic imaging of generic eukaryotic cells using a standardized Tomocube holotomographic microscope. Combined with the recent advances in machine learning, holotomographic imaging enables a broad range of new biological and medical applications.
Relationship of Sphaeroma Quoianum to Sediment Characteristics and Invertebrate Community
Authors: Brown Morgan , Keller Jason K , Whitcraft Christine R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Many important wetland functions are tied to sediment dynamics, which are largely governed by infaunal invertebrate communities. These communities are sensitive to changes in sediment structure and to colonization by non-native species. In a southern California salt marsh, the non-native Australian isopod Sphaeroma quoianum has created dense networks of burrows within the marsh banks. Since this isopod increases erosion in many areas and can change local invertebrate communities, its possible contribution to habitat loss in this already-scarce southern California ecosystem is an important question. This study connected S. quoianum burrows to increased proportions of crustaceans, decreased carbon content, and steep marsh bluffs. These results highlight the potential susceptibility of salt marsh habitat with steep edges to invasion by non-native species and demonstrate that such invasion can correlate to key changes in ecosystem function. These results also suggest that S. quoianum invasion of salt marsh habitats can alter native communities and ecosystem functions, thus incipient invasions should be of concern to managers and ecologists alike.
Immunological Profiles of The Breast Cancer Microenvironment Represented by Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and PD-L1 Expression
Authors: Hanamura Toru , Kitano Shigehisa , Kagamu Hiroshi , Yamashita Makiko , Terao Mayako , Tsuda Banri , Okamura Takuho , Kumaki Nobue , Hozumi Katsuto , Harada Naoki , Iwamoto Takayuki , Honda Chikako , Kurozumi Sasagu , Niikura Naoki 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Histologically assessed tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (hPD-L1) are established prognostic or predictive biomarkers in certain subsets of breast cancer. However, the association with immune response complexity is not fully understood. In this study, the immune cell fractions in breast cancer tissue and blood were evaluated to analyze their association with histologically assessed tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and PD-L1. Methods: Forty-five tumor and 18 blood samples were collected from patients with breast cancer. Total leukocyte counts, proportions of 11 types of immune cells, and PD-L1 expression in each cell fraction were evaluated using multicolor flow cytometry. Histologically assessed tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and PD-L1 were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results: The immune cell composition of blood was partly correlated with that of tumor tissue but the abundance ratio of each fraction was different between them. A higher histologically assessed tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte proportion was associated with increased leukocyte infiltration, a higher proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and a lower proportion of natural killer cells and natural killer T cells. PD-L1 was highly expressed in the non-B-cell antigen-presenting cell fractions (monocyte/macrophage, nonclassical monocyte, myeloid-derived suppressor, dendritic, and myeloid dendritic cell) in tumors. Histologically assessed PD-L1 positivity reflected PD-L1 expression well in these fractions, as well as increased leukocyte infiltration in tumors. Conclusion: Our results indicate that histologically assessed tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes reflect differences in immune responses in the tumor microenvironment. Non-B-cell antigen-presenting cell fractions are primarily involved in the PD-L1 pathway in breast cancer microenvironments.
Does the Use of Use of Continuous or Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation Protocols Improve the Removal of Smear Layer? A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: Miguéns-Vila Ramón , Castelo-Baz Pablo , Aboy-Pazos Saleta , Uroz-Torres David , Álvarez-Nóvoa Pablo , Dablanca-Blanco Ana Belén , Varela-Aneiros Iván , Martín-Biedma Benjamín 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of smear layer removal after the use of different irrigation methods (passive ultrasonic irrigation [PUI], continuous ultrasonic irrigation [CUI], apical negative pressure irrigation and conventional irrigation) using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as an analytical tool. A total of 100 single-canal teeth were decoronated and randomly divided into five groups (n = 20) according to the irrigation method used: conventional irrigation with front outlet syringe, conventional irrigation with lateral outlet syringe, apical negative pressure irrigation (EndoVac), PUI with Irrisafe, and CUI with ProUltra PiezoFlow ultrasonic irrigation needle. Root canal preparation was performed with the ProTaper Gold system up to the F4 instrument and 5.25% NaOCl was used as an irrigant. After chemical-mechanical preparation, the roots were split longitudinally, and the coronal, middle and apical thirds examined. SEM digital photomicrographs were taken at ×1000 magnification to evaluate the amount of smear layer in each root canal third. CUI was more effective in removing the smear layer than the other irrigation protocols. However, none of the irrigation protocols were able to produce root canals completely free from smear layer.
Cultural Use of Homegarden Plants in an Indigenous Community in North West Ethiopia
Authors: Yinebeb Metsehet , Lulekal Ermias , Bekele Tamrat 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background; The floristic composition of homegardens in Northwest Ethiopia in general, and the Gozamin district in particular, has received little research attention. The purpose of this research is to better understand the floristic composition and cultural significance of homegardens. Methods; Stratified random sampling procedure was used based on agroecological variation in selected kebeles. The homegarden data were collected by dividing the homegarden into four quadrats, the first quadrat stretched from the farmer’s home to 10m, the second quadrat from10m to 20m, the third quadrat from 20m to 30m and the fourth quadrat from 30m to 40m horizontally using farmer’s house as reference depending on the size of the garden. A semi-structured interview was carried out to document the informant’s knowledge on plant species.Results; A total of 238 culturally important plant species from 81 families were identified. Of these 39% were herbs,29% shrubs, 6% were climbers. Perennials made up the largest part of cultivated species (83%), whereas annuals made up the rest (17%). The Poaceae family had the foremost species, with 22, taken after by the Fabaceae, which had 21, and the Asteraceae which had 15. From these recorded plants,140(58.6%) were species utilized for environmental uses, 84(35%) food crops, 83(34.7%) medicinal plant species, 39(16.3%) fodder species, 57(23.8%) material use plants, 60(25%) fuel wood species, 50(21%) social use plants and 1(0.4%) poisonous. The direct matrix ranking revealed that Cordia Africana was found a versatile culturally important plant in the area which was also extremely threatened, followed by Ficus sur. Cordia africana highest use-value was for Building and the list value was for medicinal. The Sorensen similarity index for 64 percent of the locations investigated was less than 0.5.Conclusion; The result showed that homegardens are multi-functional, long-term production systems. Food security and biodiversity conservation are continuously supported by tribal populations cultural knowledge connected with their homegardens. The less similarity/high species diversity in the area between kebeles indicated that there was high species diversity this was due to different range of agroecological conditions among kebeles.
High-Performance 3D Semiconductor-Based Heterostructure Photocatalyst in Sustained Control of Harmful Gas-Phase Pollutants Under Visible-Light Illumination
Authors: Lee Dong-Eun , Bae Mi Hyang , Jo Wan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Herein, a highly efficient three-dimensional (3D) semiconductor-based heterostructure photocatalyst (i.e., WO3–g-C3N4 monolithic architecture; WOCNM) was developed by immobilizing a WO3–g-C3N4 heterostructure powder on a melamine foam (MF) framework. Subsequently, the sustained control of two harmful model gas-phase pollutants (i.e., n-butanol and o-xylene) over WOCNM and selected monolithic counterparts (i.e., MF-supported WO3 monolith and MF-supported g-C3N4 monolith) was investigated under visible-light irradiation. WOCNM exhibited higher photocatalytic capabilities in the sustained control of the two model pollutants than those of individual WO3 and g-C3N4 monoliths because the WO3–g-C3N4 heterojunction enhanced its charge-separation ability. Notably, WOCNM exhibited highly efficient photocatalytic capabilities in the sustained control of n-butanol (up to 97%) and o-xylene (up to 86%). Moreover, no noticeable changes were observed in the WOCNM photocatalytic capability after the final run of successive applications. The fresh and successively used WOCNMs were nearly identical, and the photocatalyst powder was not observed in the reaction chamber after its successive application. As a result, WOCNM was a highly efficient and stable 3D heterostructure photocatalyst for the sustained control of gas-phase n-butanol and o-xylene, without significant catalyst powder loss. Promisingly, this study will expedite the future development of 3D photocatalysts for the sustained control of harmful gas-phase pollutants.