bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of obesity with serum free fatty acid levels in individuals at different stages of prediabetes
Authors: Sasaki Nobuo , Maeda Ryo , Ozono Ryoji , Nakano Yukiko , Higashi Yukihito 
Published: November 2021

SummaryWe investigated the associations of prediabetes categories and obesity with serum free fatty acid (FFA) levels and adipose tissue insulin resistance. This study included 5006 male participants (1779, 1025, 629, 874, and 699 with normal fasting glucose/normal glucose tolerance, isolated impaired fasting glucose [IFG], isolated impaired glucose tolerance [IGT], IFG plus IGT, and diabetes, respectively). Serum FFA levels were assessed before and 30, 60, and 120 min after glucose ingestion, and the total area under the FFA curve (AUCFFA) was calculated. Adipose insulin resistance index (adipo‐IR) was assessed based on fasting FFA and insulin concentrations. Isolated IFG was associated with high fasting FFA levels (OR, 1.35; p < 0.001) and high adipo‐IR (OR, 1.82; p < 0.001) only in the nonobesity group. Isolated IGT, IFG plus IGT, and diabetes were associated with high fasting FFA levels, regardless of obesity. Obesity was significantly associated with AUCFFA, and the duration of obesity‐related impairment in lipolysis inhibition after glucose ingestion was prolonged in IFG plus IGT and diabetes. These results suggest that IFG and obesity may overlap in their effects on FFA metabolism whereas IGT has significant effects on FFA independent of obesity. Obesity impact on lipolysis may be involved in worsening glucose metabolism.
Investigating personal and clinical recovery processes in people with first episode psychosis
Authors: Austin Stephen F. , Hjorthøj Carsten , Baagland Helle , Simonsen Erik , Dam Jesper 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionSchizophrenia is a serious mental illness characterized by a range of symptoms such as distortions in reality, emotional abnormalities and deficits in cognition. Recovery from severe mental illness can be conceptualized in a number of ways. Clinical recovery has a focus on symptoms and functioning whilst personal recovery describes the process of developing new meaning and purpose in life beyond mental illness.ObjectiveThis longitudinal study examined the relationship between clinical and personal recovery processes within a group of people with first episode psychosis (FEP) receiving early intervention treatment over a period of up to 2 years.MethodsThe study sequentially recruited people with FEP that accepted into early intervention treatment. Participants were evaluated at baseline, 12 months and completion of treatment for clinical and personal recovery.ResultsA total of 51 participants were recruited, completed treatment and assessments. Modest but significant correlations (r = 0.38–0.51) were found between personal recovery and certain aspects of clinical recovery (negative symptoms and functioning). Improvements in functioning (vocational and social activities) predicted both personal and clinical recovery whilst negative symptoms predicted attaining clinical recovery. Reductions in negative symptoms (global, apathy and anhedonia) during treatment were associated with moving towards personal recovery. Psychotic symptoms were not significantly associated with the attainment of clinical or personal recovery.ConclusionsResults indicated that clinical and personal recovery are interdependent and complementary processes. Mental health services may need implement interventions that simultaneously target clinical and personal recovery processes in order to meet the treatment needs of people with psychosis.
Undergraduate Dental Education in Gerodontology in Germany between 2004 and 2019—A case for compulsory teaching?
Authors: Nitschke Siri , Hahnel Sebastian , Sobotta Bernhard A. J. , Jockusch Julia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe study surveys the present state of undergraduate dental education in gerodontology in Germany and highlights changes between 2004 and 2019.Materials and MethodsIn 2019, questionnaires were emailed to the department heads of all German dental schools. Data were analysed descriptively and compared to existing data from 2004, 2009 and 2014.ResultsThirty‐nine (86.7%) out of forty‐five responding department heads stated to teach aspects of gerodontology in traditional core subject lecture series. Overall, 15 (55.6%) out of 27 responding dental university schools are offering special education in gerodontology (dedicated lecture series and/or practical training). A stronger focus on non‐dental topics has been observed over the years.DiscussionThe 15‐year observation period in Germany shows that teaching gerodontology should be mandatory. There is a lack of specialists in gerodontology at the dental schools, although specialisation has been possible for many years in the German professional association. Students should be sure that, as in other subjects, they are well trained for the very heterogeneous patient group of seniors. The financial and personnel prerequisites for the universities need to be established.ConclusionInclusion of gerodontology in the national syllabus is a decisive factor for the integration of the subject into undergraduate courses. The recommendations of the European College of Gerodontology (2009) and of the German Association of Gerodontology (DGAZ) regarding didactical and practical teaching should be implemented in the respective compulsory syllabus to prepare current undergraduate dental students for the demographic challenges of tomorrow.
Reproductive benefits associated with dispersal in headwater populations of Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata)
Authors: Borges Isabela L. , Dangerfield Jillian C. , Angeloni Lisa M. , Funk W. Chris , Fitzpatrick Sarah W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTheory suggests that the evolution of dispersal is balanced by its fitness costs and benefits, yet empirical evidence is sparse due to the difficulties of measuring dispersal and fitness in natural populations. Here, we use spatially explicit data from a multi‐generational capture–mark–recapture study of two populations of Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata) along with pedigrees to test whether there are fitness benefits correlated with dispersal. Combining these ecological and molecular data sets allows us to directly measure the relationship between movement and reproduction. Individual dispersal was measured as the total distance moved by a fish during its lifetime. We analysed the effects of dispersal propensity and distance on a variety of reproductive metrics. We found that number of mates and number of offspring were positively correlated to dispersal, especially for males. Our results also reveal individual and environmental variation in dispersal, with sex, size, season, and stream acting as determining factors.
Machine Learning and Small Data
Authors: Cui Zhongmin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCommonly used machine learning applications seem to relate to big data. This article provides a gentle review of machine learning and shows why machine learning can be applied to small data too. An example of applying machine learning to screen irregularity reports is presented. In the example, the support vector machine and multinomial naïve Bayes methods were used and compared. The performance of machine learning was compared to human experts in terms of flagging records to be excluded from equating. The application of machine learning seemed to be successful, although the data only consisted of a couple of thousand records. Recommendations in using machine learning are provided.
Rapid response to galcanezumab and predictive factors in chronic migraine patients: A 3‐month observational, longitudinal, cohort, multicenter, Italian real‐life study
Authors: Vernieri Fabrizio , Altamura Claudia , Brunelli Nicoletta , Costa Carmelina Maria , Aurilia Cinzia , Egeo Gabriella , Fofi Luisa , Favoni Valentina , Lovati Carlo , Bertuzzo Davide , d’Onofrio Florindo , Doretti Alberto , Di Fiore Paola , Finocchi Cinzia , Schiano Di Cola Francesca , Ranieri Angelo , Colombo Bruno , Bono Francesco , Albanese Maria , Cevoli Sabina , Barbanti Piero ,   for the GARLIT Study Group
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeA rapid response to preventive therapy is of pivotal importance in severely disabled patients with chronic migraine (CM) and diverse preventive treatment failures. This prospective, observational, multicenter real‐life study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of galcanezumab in the first 3 months of treatment of CM patients at 14 Italian headache centers.MethodsAll consecutive adult patients with CM diagnosis with the clinical indication for galcanezumab were considered. We collected patients' baseline characteristics, monthly headache days, monthly painkiller intake, migraine clinical characteristics, and disability scale scores during a 1‐month run‐in period (baseline) and the first 3 months of therapy. Possible predictive factors of treatment were considered.ResultsA total of 156 patients (82.4% female, aged 47.3 ± 12.3 years) were enrolled. The 65 (41.7%) patients with a consecutive ≥50% response rate (RR) in the 3 months of therapy presented a lower body mass index (p = 0.004) and more frequently presented unilateral migraine pain (p = 0.002) and good response to triptans (p = 0.003). Persistent conversion from CM to episodic migraine was observed in 55.8% (87/156) of patients. They more frequently presented a good response to triptans (p = 0.003) and unilateral pain (p = 0.046). At baseline, 131 of 156 (83.9%) patients presented medication overuse (MO). Of these, 61.8% (81/131) no longer displayed MO consistently during the 3 months. These patients were more frequently responders to triptans (p = 0.002) and less frequently suffered from gastrointestinal comorbidity (p = 0.007).ConclusionsUnilateral pain, good response to triptans, and normal weight may be associated with a persistent positive response in the first 3 months of therapy with galcanezumab in CM patients.
Population and seascape genomics of a critically endangered benthic elasmobranch, the blue skate Dipturus batis
Authors: Delaval Aurélien , Frost Michelle , Bendall Victoria , Hetherington Stuart J. , Stirling David , Hoarau Galice , Jones Catherine S. , Noble Leslie R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe blue skate (Dipturus batis) has a patchy distribution across the North‐East Atlantic Ocean, largely restricted to occidental seas around the British Isles following fisheries‐induced population declines and extirpations. The viability of remnant populations remains uncertain and could be impacted by continued fishing and by‐catch pressure, and the projected impacts of climate change. We genotyped 503 samples of D. batis, obtained opportunistically from the widest available geographic range, across 6 350 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using a reduced‐representation sequencing approach. Genotypes were used to assess the species’ contemporary population structure, estimate effective population sizes and identify putative signals of selection in relation to environmental variables using a seascape genomics approach. We identified genetic discontinuities between inshore (British Isles) and offshore (Rockall and Faroe Island) populations, with differentiation most pronounced across the deep waters of the Rockall Trough. Effective population sizes were largest in the Celtic Sea and Rockall, but low enough to be of potential conservation concern among Scottish and Faroese sites. Among the 21 candidate SNPs under positive selection was one significantly correlated with environmental variables predicted to be affected by climate change, including bottom temperature, salinity and pH. The paucity of well‐annotated elasmobranch genomes precluded us from identifying a putative function for this SNP. Nevertheless, our findings suggest that climate change could inflict a strong selective force upon remnant populations of D. batis, further constraining its already‐restricted habitat. Furthermore, the results provide fundamental insights on the distribution, behaviour and evolutionary biology of D. batis in the North‐East Atlantic that will be useful for the establishment of conservation actions for this and other critically endangered elasmobranchs.
Tracheal trauma and pneumonia secondary to endotracheal intubation in a horse undergoing general anaesthesia, computerised tomography and myelography
Authors: Díaz M. D. M. , Hewetson M. , Kaartinen J. 
Published: November 2021

Summary
Endotracheal intubation is commonly performed in horses undergoing general anaesthesia to avoid fluid aspiration and provide mechanical ventilation and inhalational anaesthetic agents. Secondary laryngeal and tracheal trauma following intubation is not rare. This case report describes the successful treatment of a horse with laryngeal and tracheal trauma secondary to intubation during myelography. Based on other clinical reports and clinical experience, movement of the endotracheal tube during myelography was considered the most likely cause of the damage. This case underscores the importance of monitoring horses for development of respiratory signs after general anaesthesia for computerised tomography and myelography.
Accessory carpal bone fracture repair by means of computer‐assisted orthopaedic surgery in a Warmblood stallion
Authors: de Preux M. , van der Vekens E. , Racine J. , Sangiorgio D. , Klopfenstein Bregger M. D. , Brünisholz H. P. , Koch C. 
Published: November 2021

SummaryA 10‐year‐old, 595 kg Irish Warmblood stallion used for showjumping was presented with a marked right forelimb lameness at walk. The horse sustained a dorsal plane fracture of the accessory carpal bone (ACB) when falling with both carpi in flexion. The fracture was repaired by means of computer‐assisted orthopaedic surgery (CAOS) using two cortex screws placed in lag fashion. In a second CAOS procedure, a dorsoproximal fragment of the ACB was removed after further proximal displacement had become apparent. Both surgical procedures were facilitated by the application of a fibreglass cast to immobilise the carpus in extension and to allow for the placement of the patient tracker distant from the surgical site. One year after surgery, the horse had returned to full athletic activity. Neither the antebrachiocarpal joint nor the carpal sheath were distended. Control radiographs and standing cone beam computed tomography showed complete osseous union of the fracture and osteophyte formation on the caudal aspect of the radius and the proximal border of the ACB.
Investigation of the bidirectional relations between adolescents' anger at their parents and symptoms of depression
Authors: Parra Gilbert R. , Smith John P. , Mason W. Alex 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the associations between adolescents' anger at their parents and depression over a 1‐year period.BackgroundAnger tends to co‐occur with depression during adolescence. Most research on anger has investigated anger in general and has not focused on specific sources of anger. Anger at parents is likely an important source of adolescents' anger.MethodParticipants were 321 adolescents (Mage at enrollment = 13.41 years [SD = 0.52]; 46.7% male) and one of their parents. Families completed questionnaires at two time points separated by 1 year.ResultsHigh levels of adolescents' anger at their parents were related to increased levels of depression 1 year later (based only on parent‐reported anger at parents). Similarly, high levels of depression were associated with increased levels of adolescents' anger at their parents 1 year later (based on adolescent‐ and parent‐reported anger at parents).ConclusionsThe findings suggest that adolescents' anger at their parents and depression are mutually reinforcing during middle adolescence.ImplicationsThe results highlight the importance of assessing anger at parents when working with adolescents who are experiencing depressive symptoms. Further, adolescents' feelings of anger at their parents when evident should be incorporated into case conceptualizations and treatment plans.
Factors associated with marital readiness among Turkish young adults
Authors: Keldal Gökay , Yıldırım İbrahim 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine common themes for marital readiness, to evaluate the generalization to broader samples consisting of single individuals, and to examine the factors associated with marital readiness.BackgroundReadiness for marriage is essential to the formation of a healthy marital union. Therefore, it is important to conceptualize marital readiness.MethodThis study was designed using the exploratory sequential design, a mixed‐methods research approach. This research was carried out with a total of 1523 (865 female, 658 male) unmarried Turkish young adults in three study groups. In the data analysis, thematic analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and regression analysis were used.ResultsSix themes were determined as the factors to which single young adults attach importance for marital readiness. These themes were financial readiness, emotional readiness, interpersonal relationship readiness, family life and family role readiness, sexual readiness, and social responsibility readiness.ConclusionThe Marital Readiness Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool. The variables of age, ideal marital age, and the ideal amount of time needed to get to know a partner before marriage were revealed to be related to marital readiness.ImplicationsMental health professionals can benefit from the results of this research when designing marriage preparation programs.
Effect of stress ratios on corrosion fatigue life of high‐strength steel wires
Authors: Jie Zhiyu , Chen Chao , Berto Filippo , Wang Kainan , Peng Xi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn order to discuss the influence of the stress ratio on the corrosion fatigue life of high‐strength steel wires, a theoretical and experimental investigation was conducted on corroded steel wires at three different stress ratios (R = 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5) under axial tensile fatigue loading. Different S‐N curves of corroded steel wires were regressed from test data. The stress method based on eight mean stress correction models, the strain energy method, and the facture mechanics method considering environmental corrosion and crack closure were proposed to estimate the fatigue life. Preliminary results show that corrosion can reduce the ultimate strength, the yield strength, and the fatigue life. There is a negative correlation between corrosion fatigue life and stress ratio. WhenR > 0, fatigue life predicted results by using the Morrow and Marin models in the stress method are more efficient and accurate than other models. Likewise, the Zheng model in the fracture mechanics method is in better agreement with test results. The error and scatter of the strain energy method are relatively large. Therefore, the Morrow, Marin, and Zheng models are more suitable to predict the corrosion fatigue life of high‐strength steel wires under different stress ratios.
Off‐label use of emicizumab in persons with acquired haemophilia A and von Willebrand disease: A scoping review of the literature
Authors: Thomas Vinay Mathew , Abou‐Ismail Mouhamed Yazan , Lim Ming Y. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionSince the approval of emicizumab, a bispecific, factor VIII‐mimetic antibody, for use in persons with congenital haemophilia A in 2018, there have been increasing case reports and case series of off‐label use of emicizumab in other bleeding disorders, including acquired haemophilia A (AHA) and von Willebrand disease (VWD).AimWe conducted a scoping review on the use of emicizumab in AHA and VWD, focusing on the clinical presentation and outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, EMBASE and Scopus up to July 15, 2021. The following criteria were applied to the studies identified in the initial search: patients had a diagnosis of AHA or VWD; and the study reported on the clinical outcome of emicizumab use.ResultsSeventeen studies were included in the final review for a total of 41 patients (33 AHA, eight type 3 VWD). The majority of AHA patients and all type 3 VWD patients were started on emicizumab for active/recurrent bleeds. The dosing regimen of emicizumab used varied significantly in AHA patients. All patients had a clinical response to emicizumab use. One AHA patient developed a stroke on emicizumab use in association with concomitant recombinant FVIIa use for surgery. Data on adverse events from emicizumab use were not specifically reported in 24.4% of patients (four AHA, six type 3 VWD).ConclusionBased on published case reports and case series, emicizumab appears to be an effective haemostatic therapy for AHA and VWD. Larger confirmatory clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Aquinas, Joseph Selling, and the Exterior Moral Act
Authors: McWhorter Matthew R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractContemporary Catholic theologian Joseph Selling proposes an interpretation of the moral teaching of Thomas Aquinas that focuses strictly on an agent’s interior intention of a primary goal. As a result, Selling rejects the idea that in some instances a person’s moral act can also be partially specified in light of the kind of voluntary exterior action that is performed. He maintains that, for Aquinas, an exterior act in and of itself has no intrinsic moral character apart from an agent’s intention of a primary goal. I address the key claims that Selling makes about the teaching of Aquinas, and I propose an alternative interpretation. It is not the case that Aquinas teaches that all voluntarily performed exterior acts are morally indifferent (merely physical) acts. Rather, Aquinas teaches that only some kinds of voluntarily performed exterior acts involve moral indifference.
¿Por qué no convence el argumento comercial a favor del cumplimiento social en las cadenas mundiales de valor? Un replanteamiento de costes, precios y beneficios
Authors: ANTOLIN Ana , BABBITT Laura , BROWN Drusilla 
Published: November 2021

ResumenSuele creerse que los fabricantes de las cadenas mundiales de valor ofrecerán condiciones de trabajo humanas cuando se convenzan de que el cumplimiento de las normas sociales mejora la productividad, la calidad del producto y los plazos de entrega. Pese a que esto se ha demostrado empíricamente, persisten condiciones inhumanas de trabajo en estas cadenas. Con datos relativos a fábricas del programa Better Work en Indonesia, Jordania y Viet Nam, las autoras observan que el cumplimiento social puede ser costoso y anular los beneficios de la mayor productividad. La ventaja comercial dependerá pues de las prácticas de aprovisionamiento y fijación de precios de los compradores internacionales. La pandemia de COVID‐19 confirma la enorme influencia de los compradores en las condiciones de trabajo.