bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance-based publisher ratings and the visibility/impact of books: Small fish in a big pond, or big fish in a small pond?
Authors: Zuccala Alesia A. , Pölönen Janne , Guns Raf , Røeggen Vidar , Kulczycki Emanuel , Bruun Kasper , Savolainen Eeva 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study compares publisher ratings to the visibility and impact of individual books, based on a 2017 data set from three Nordic performance-based research funding systems (PRFS) (Denmark, Norway, and Finland). Although there are Journal Impact Factors (JIFs) for journals, there is no similar indicator for book publishers. National publisher lists are used instead to account for the general “quality” of books, leading to institutional rewards. But, just as the JIF is not recommended as a proxy for the “citedness” of a paper, a publisher rating is also not recommended as a proxy for the impact of an individual book. We introduce a small fish in a big pond versus big fish in a small pond metaphor, where a “fish” is a book and “the pond” represents its publishing house. We investigate how books fit on this metaphorical fish and pond continuum, using WorldCat holdings (visibility) and Google Scholar citations (impact), and test other variables to determine their predictive value with respect to these two indicators. Our statistics show that publisher levels do not have predictive value when other variables are held constant. This has implications for PRFS and book evaluations in general, as well as ongoing developments related to a newly proposed international publisher registry.
Comprehensive mapping of local and diaspora scientists: A database and analysis of 63,951 Greek scientists
Authors: Ioannidis John P.A. , Koutsioumpa Chara , Vakka Angeliki , Agoranos Georgios , Mantsiou Chrysanthi , Drekolia Maria Kyriaki , Avramidis Nikos , Contopoulos-Ioannidis Despina G. , Drosatos Konstantinos , Baas Jeroen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Research policy and planning for a given country may benefit from reliable data on both its scientific workforce as well as the diaspora of scientists for countries with a substantial brain drain. Here we use a systematic approach using Scopus to generate a comprehensive country-level database of all scientists in Greece. Moreover, we expand that database to include also Greek diaspora scientists. The database that we have compiled includes 63,951 scientists who have published at least five papers indexed in Scopus. Of those, 35,116 have an affiliation in Greece. We validate the sensitivity and specificity of the database against different control sets of scientists. We also analyze the scientific disciplines of these scientists according to the Science Metrix classification (174 subfield disciplines) and provide detailed data on each of the 63,951 scientists using multiple citation indicators and a composite thereof. These analyses demonstrate differential concentrations in specific subfields for the local versus the diaspora cohorts, as well as an advantage of the diaspora cohort in terms of citation indicators, especially among top-impact researchers. The approach that we have taken can also be applied to map the scientific workforce of other countries and nations for evaluation, planning, and policy purposes.
App-Generated Evidence: A Promising Tool for International Criminal Justice?
Authors: Aboueldahab Susann , Freixo Inês 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The present article explores and discusses the increasing use of mobile phone applications (apps) for the purpose of evidence collection in the context of international criminal trials. It sheds light on the numerous initiatives that have surfaced recently and critically addresses their potential, limitations and pitfalls on a normative, factual and epistemological level. We argue that apps could be a useful means, capable of solving some of the recurrent problems in the evidence collection process, provided that the rights of the persons involved are respected, certain safeguards are taken, and that this new development is critically monitored.
Reflections on Editing Kitāb al-Jihād of ʿAlī ibn Ṭāhir al-Sulamī (d. 500/1106)
Authors: Christie Niall 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article presents some reflections on the author’s experience of editing the manuscript of Kitāb al-Jihād, by the Damascene religious scholar and preacher ʿAlī ibn Ṭāhir al-Sulamī (d. 500/1106). This includes consideration of the history of the manuscript, the challenges that it presented to the editor, features of the manuscript, and some resources that proved to be helpful for the author’s work with it. It is the hope of the author that these reflections will be helpful to others who may be embarking on similar projects.
Slavery, human dignity and human rights
Authors: Montgomery John Warwick 
Published: May 2021

Slavery continues to be practiced in many parts of the world: not only chattel slavery but also indirect varieties (enforced child labour, prostitution, debt enslavement, etc.). Secular organisations opposed to these practices seek to provide a suitable philosophical counter to those supporting or tolerating the evils.
The present paper considers natural law and neo-Kantian arguments and finds them wanting. It then looks at biblical principles and the history of the abolition of the slave trade in England and the emancipation movement in the United States (eighteenth and nineteenth centuries). From this ideological and historical survey, an attempt is made to discover why Enlightenment principles, as exemplified by the French philosophes, Thomas Jefferson, and other Revolutionaries, failed to impact, whilst evangelical Christians (Granville Sharp, John Newton, Wilberforce, et al.) succeeded in their hard-won crusade to outlaw slavery.
By way of conclusion, a parallel is drawn with the contemporary right-to-life movement and jurisprudent Ronald Dworkin’s position on abortion.
Is the truth out there? Creatures, cosmos and new creation (Part two)
Authors: Lane Anthony N. S. 
Published: May 2021

Part 2
The age and size of the universe pose no threat to Christian faith. There is nothing in Scripture to affirm or deny that there is life on other worlds and Christian theology has been considering this issue since the fourteenth century. Human significance is based upon our creation in God’s image, not on our physical location in the universe or on our uniqueness. If extraterrestrial intelligence exists, it may or may not be fallen. Should such a fall have taken place, we cannot be dogmatic about how God might save such fallen creatures, but it is unlikely that Christ’s death on earth would apply to them. While God’s saving purposes extend to the whole universe, we cannot assume that it will effect all galaxies at the same time. The parousia and the ensuing ‘new earth and new heavens’ may relate to our corner of the universe only.
Psalms 1 and 2 as a hermeneutical lens for reading the Psalter
Authors: Whiting Mark J. 
Published: May 2021

Psalms 1 and 2 are considered unimportant in many interpretative paradigms. It is argued that this is due, in part, to the canonisation of the presupposition that there is no coherent determinable literary structure in the Psalter. This presupposition is challenged by noting the evidence that exists of literary intentionality at the micro-, meso- and macro-structural levels within the Psalter.
The content of Psalms 1 and 2 is identified and the use of these themes and motifs within the Psalter is explored. A unifying overarching concern with Zion Theology is tentatively considered. The hermeneutical and theological potential of Psalms 1 and 2 as an intentional introduction are explored. Such an editorial agenda indicates that the collected Psalter is a deliberate rereading of its individual compositions. We conclude with the suggestion that this rereading might usefully be seen as a step in the direction of the more radical rereading demanded by NT faith.
Tornado Climatology and Risk Perception in Central Oklahoma
Authors: Johnson Victoria A. , Klockow-McClain Kimberly E. , Peppler Randy A. , Person Angela M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResidents of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area are frequently threatened by tornadoes. Previous research indicates that perceptions of tornado threat affect behavioral choices when severe weather threatens, and as such are important to study. In this paper, we examine the potential influence of tornado climatology on risk perception. Residents across central Oklahoma were surveyed about their perceptions of tornado proneness for their home location, and this was compared to the local tornado climatology. Mapping and programming tools were then used to identify relationships between respondents’ perceptions and actual tornado events. Research found that some dimensions of the climatology, such as tornado frequency, nearness, and intensity have complex effects on risk perception. In particular, tornadoes that were intense, close, and recent had the strongest positive influence on risk perception, but weaker tornadoes appeared to produce an “inoculating” effect. Additional factors were influential, including sharp spatial discontinuities between neighboring places that were not tied to any obvious physical feature or the tornado climatology. Respondents holding lower perceptions of risk also reported lower rates of intention to prepare during tornado watches. By studying place-based perceptions, this research aims to provide a scientific basis for improved communication efforts before and during tornado events, and for identifying vulnerable populations.
SPLUNC1: a novel marker of cystic fibrosis exacerbations
Authors: Khanal Sara , Webster Megan , Niu Naiqian , Zielonka Jana , Nunez Myra , Chupp Geoffrey , Slade Martin D. , Cohn Lauren , Sauler Maor , Gomez Jose L. , Tarran Robert , Sharma Lokesh , Dela Cruz Charles S. , Egan Marie , Laguna Theresa , Britto Clemente J. 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundAcute pulmonary exacerbations (AE) are episodes of clinical worsening in cystic fibrosis (CF), often precipitated by infection. Timely detection is critical to minimise morbidity and lung function declines associated with acute inflammation during AE. Based on our previous observations that airway protein short palate lung nasal epithelium clone 1 (SPLUNC1) is regulated by inflammatory signals, we investigated the use of SPLUNC1 fluctuations to diagnose and predict AE in CF.MethodsWe enrolled CF participants from two independent cohorts to measure AE markers of inflammation in sputum and recorded clinical outcomes for a 1-year follow-up period.ResultsSPLUNC1 levels were high in healthy controls (n=9, 10.7 μg·mL–1), and significantly decreased in CF participants without AE (n=30, 5.7 μg·mL–1; p=0.016). SPLUNC1 levels were 71.9% lower during AE (n=14, 1.6 μg·mL–1; p=0.0034) regardless of age, sex, CF-causing mutation or microbiology findings. Cytokines interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α were also increased in AE, whereas lung function did not decrease consistently. Stable CF participants with lower SPLUNC1 levels were much more likely to have an AE at 60 days (hazard ratio (HR)±se11.49±0.83; p=0.0033). Low-SPLUNC1 stable participants remained at higher AE risk even 1 year after sputum collection (HR±se3.21±0.47; p=0.0125). SPLUNC1 was downregulated by inflammatory cytokines and proteases increased in sputum during AE.ConclusionIn acute CF care, low SPLUNC1 levels could support a decision to increase airway clearance or to initiate pharmacological interventions. In asymptomatic, stable patients, low SPLUNC1 levels could inform changes in clinical management to improve long-term disease control and clinical outcomes in CF.
Behavioural synchrony between fallow deer Dama dama is related to spatial proximity
Authors: Hoyle Zoe E. , Miller Rosie A. , Rands Sean A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAnimals living in social groups can benefit from conducting the same behaviour as other group members. If this synchronisation is achieved by copying the behaviour of other individuals, we would expect synchrony to be more likely when pairs of individuals are close together.ResultsBy comparing the behaviour of a focal individual with its nearest, second nearest and third nearest neighbour and a control individual, we show that pairings of fallow deerDama damaare more likely to be active or inactive at the same moment in time if they are closer together. We also demonstrate that synchronisation in the group happens more often than would be expected by chance.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that there is a relationship between the synchronisation of behaviour and the spatial proximity of individuals. Spatial proximity is likely to be an important influence on how likely individuals are to be synchronised, although care needs to be taken to separate social and environmental influences on individual behaviour.
Dealing with missing delirium assessments in prospective clinical studies of the critically ill: a simulation study and reanalysis of two delirium studies
Authors: Raman Rameela , Chen Wencong , Harhay Michael O. , Thompson Jennifer L. , Ely E. Wesley , Pandharipande Pratik P. , Patel Mayur B. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
In longitudinal critical care studies, researchers may be interested in summarizing an exposure over time and evaluating its association with a long-term outcome. For example, the number of days a patient has delirium (i.e., brain dysfunction) during their critical care stay is associated with the presence and severity of long-term cognitive problems. In large pragmatic trials and multicenter observational studies, particularly when electronic medical record data is used, the information on daily exposure status may be available at some time points and not at others. Model-based multiple imputation is a well-established, widely adopted method to deal with missing data. But the uncertainty around multiple imputation for summary exposure variables is whether the imputation is to be performed at the summary level or at the daily assessment level.

Methods
We compare the following approaches to imputing and summarizing partially missing longitudinal data: 1) active imputation, where we impute the summary; 2) passive imputation, where we impute the daily missing data, and then compute the summary; 3) ad hoc methods where we assume all missing time points have the a) most or the b) least extreme value; and 4) complete case analysis where only participants with complete data are analyzed. These methods were applied under different missingness mechanisms, varying proportions of missingness, and association of missingness with an auxiliary variable using simulations that closely mirrors real-life critical care data to be relevant to real-world clinical practice. The performance of the approaches were compared using bias of the estimated coefficients, standard error of the estimate and coverage. We also apply these imputation strategies to two datasets in critical care.

Results
Simulations show that all methods performed comparably when the proportion of missingness was small, indicating that in such instances, the gain over using any imputation model is minimal. But as the proportion of missingness increases, the passive imputation approach provides efficient and less biased estimates under the missingness at random and missingness completely at random mechanism.

Conclusions
For longitudinal data where a summary exposure is of interest, we recommend practitioners adopting the passive imputation strategy.
The incidence, risk factors and maternal and foetal outcomes of uterine rupture during different birth policy periods: an observational study in China
Authors: Zhou Yangwen , Mu Yi , Chen Peiran , Xie Yanxia , Zhu Jun , Liang Juan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Currently, there are no studies on changes in the incidence of uterine rupture or maternal and foetal outcomes in women with uterine rupture during different birth policy periods in China. Moreover, the results of association studies of maternal age, parity and previous caesarean section number with the risk of maternal and foetal outcomes in women with uterine rupture have not been consistent. This research aims to conduct and discuss the above two aspects.

Methods
We included singleton pregnant women with no maternal complications other than uterine rupture from January 2012 to June 2019 in China’s National Maternal Near Miss Surveillance System. The data in this study did not differentiate between complete and partial uterine rupture and uterine dehiscence. Through Poisson regression analysis with a robust variance estimator, we compared the incidences of uterine rupture and maternal and foetal outcomes in women with uterine rupture during different birth policy periods in China and determined the relationship between maternal age, parity or previous caesarean section number and uterine rupture or maternal and foetal outcomes in women with uterine rupture.

Results
This study included 8,637,723 pregnant women. The total incidences of uterine rupture were 0.13% (12,934) overall, 0.05% during the one-child policy, 0.12% during the partial two-child policy (aRR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.53–2.52) and 0.22% (aRR = 2.89; 95% CI: 1.94 4.29) during the universal two-child policy. The maternal near miss and stillbirth rates in women with uterine rupture were respectively 2.35% (aRR = 17.90; 95% CI: 11.81–27.13) and 2.12% (aRR = 4.10; 95% CI: 3.19 5.26) overall, 5.46 and 8.18% during the first policy, 1.72% (aRR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.32–1.17) and 2.02% (aRR = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.37–0.83) during the second policy, and 1.99% (aRR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.52–1.53) and 1.04% (aRR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.24–0.54) during the third policy. The risk of uterine rupture increased with parity and previous caesarean section number.

Conclusion
The uterine rupture rate in China continues to increase among different birth policy periods, and the risk of maternal near miss among women with uterine rupture has not significantly improved. The Chinese government, obstetricians, and scholars should work together to reverse the rising rate of uterine rupture and improve the pregnancy outcomes in women with uterine rupture.
Clinical teachers’ perceptions of role modeling: a qualitative study
Authors: Mohammadi Elaheh , Mirzazadeh Azim , Shahsavari Hooman , Sohrabpour Amir Ali 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Role modeling has been significantly considered in medical education in recent decades. In the clinical course, students learn necessary skills and accordingly their professional identity is formed by observing and working among clinical educators. Given the importance of the role modeling in medical education, in the present study, it was attempted to explore the clinical teachers’ perceptions of being a role model for medical students using a qualitative method.

Methods
A qualitative design, based on the content analysis approach, was used to analyze the perspectives of 15 clinical teachers. Participants were chosen by purposeful sampling. Data were collected using reflection paper writing.

Results
During the data analysis, five main categories emerged: influencing others, developing different dimensions of student, situational self-awareness, feedback and continuous effort.

Conclusions
This study will be useful to form role modeling educational programs. Encouraging clinical teachers to make continuous efforts to improve role modeling and educating time management and self-control skills can help reduce the challenges of role modeling for clinical teachers.
Description of pharmacists’ reported interventions to prevent prescribing errors among in hospital inpatients: a cross sectional retrospective study
Authors: Alzahrani Abdulhakim A. , Alwhaibi Monira M. , Asiri Yousif A. , Kamal Khalid M. , Alhawassi Tariq M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrescribing errors (PEs) are a common cause of morbidity and mortality, both in community practice and in hospitals. Pharmacists have an essential role in minimizing and preventing PEs, thus, there is a need to document the nature of pharmacists’ interventions to prevent PEs. The purpose of this study was to describe reported interventions conducted by pharmacists to prevent or minimize PEs in a tertiary care hospital.MethodsA retrospective analysis of the electronic medical records data was conducted to identify pharmacists’ interventions related to reported PEs. The PE-related data was extracted for a period of six-month (April to September 2017) and comprised of patient demographics, medication-related information, and the different interventions conducted by the pharmacists. The study was carried in a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh region. The study was ethically reviewed and approved by the hospital IRB committee. Descriptive analyses were appropriately conducted using the IBM SPSS Statistics.ResultsA total of 2,564 pharmacists’ interventions related to PEs were recorded. These interventions were reported in 1,565 patients. Wrong dose (54.3 %) and unauthorized prescription (21.9 %) were the most commonly encountered PEs. Anti-infectives for systemic use (49.2 %) and alimentary tract and metabolism medications (18.2 %) were the most common classes involved with PEs. The most commonly reported pharmacists’ interventions were dose adjustments (44.0 %), restricted medication approvals (21.9 %), and therapeutic duplications (11 %).ConclusionsIn this study, PEs occurred commonly and pharmacists’ interventions were critical in preventing possible medication related harm to patients. Care coordination and prioritizing patient safety through quality improvement initiatives at all levels of the health care system can play a key role in this quality improvement drive. Future studies should evaluate the impact of pharmacists’ interventions on patient outcomes.
Canadian national electrophysiology ablation registry report 2011–2016
Authors: Kaoutskaia Anna , Shurrab Mohammed , Amit Guy , Parkash Ratika , Exner Derek , Toal Satish , Sterns Laurence , Sarrazin Jean-Francois , Chauhan Vijay , Sultan Omar , Nair Girish , Deyell Marc , Macle Laurent , Klassen Steve , Glover Benedict , Crystal Eugene 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground/purpose: Interventional cardiac electrophysiology (EP) is a rapidly evolving field in Canada; a nationwide registry was established in 2011 to conduct a periodic review of resource allocation.MethodsThe registry collects annual data on EP lab infrastructure, imaging, tools, human resources, procedural volumes, success rates, and wait times. Leading physicians from each EP lab were contacted electronically; participation was voluntary.ResultsAll Canadian EP centres were identified (n = 30); 50 and 45 % of active centres participated in the last 2 instalments of the registry. A mean of 508 ± 270 standard and complex catheter ablation procedures were reported annually for 2015–2016 by all responding centres. The most frequently performed ablation targets atrial fibrillation (PVI) arrhythmia accounting for 36 % of all procedures (mean = 164 ± 85). The number of full time physicians ranges between 1 and 7 per centre, (mean = 4). The mean wait time to see an electrophysiologist for an initial non-urgent consult is 23 weeks. The wait time between an EP consult and ablation date is 17.8 weeks for simple ablation, and 30.1 weeks for AF ablation. On average centres have 2 (range: 1–4) rooms equipped for ablations; each centre uses the EP lab an average of 7 shifts per week. While diagnostic studies and radiofrequency ablations are performed in all centres, point-by-point cryoablation is available in 85 % centres; 38 % of the respondents use circular ablation techniques.ConclusionsThis initiative provides contemporary data on invasive electrophysiology lab practices. The EP registry provides activity benchmarks on national trends and practices.