bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and Practice of Childhood Immunization among Men with Infants in Enugu Metropolis
Authors: Agu Chekwube Catherine , Onwasigwe C. N. , Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi , Vincent C. C. N. , Chijioke Udunma Olive , Adike Calista Ndidi , Okafor Chukwum J. , Ibekwe Adaobi Maryann , Agunwah Lizzy , Anyanwu Confidence Ogechi 
Published: August 2021

Background: Immunization is the process by which a person’s immune system is fortified and made resistant to an infectious disease/ agent. Immunization saves millions of lives. It is the most important means of preventing childhood morbidity and mortality. This study investigated the knowledge and practice of childhood immunization among men with infants in Enugu Metropolis.
Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study using multi stage sampling involving 81 men with infants in Ogbete Main Market Enugu. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 22 adopting descriptive statistics and chi square to test difference and relationship between variables. P-values <0.05 were taken to be level of significance.
Results: Findings indicated that median, mean ± standard deviation of the men’s age are 35, 35.8 ± 3.5 respectively. Men’s total knowledge level was significantly associated with their level of education (P<0.05) and their level of practice was significantly associated with their religion (????2 =35.7, df = 8, P=0.000).
Conclusion: This study concludes that the men studied had good knowledge and poor practices of immunization.
The Development of Extradosed Bridge Concept from a Vision to a Reality
Authors: Theryo Teddy S. 
Published: August 2021

The development of Extradosed bridge from a vision to a real project is presented in this paper. Mathivat of France who is recognized as the inventor of this bridge type, envisioned a new bridge type suitable for medium span ranges in 1979. He suggested that some of the cantilever tendons in balanced cantilever bridge can be deviated to the top deck supported by short tower resemble stay cables. The structural benefit of this idea is increasing positive moment capacity by increasing eccentricity over the pier and enhanced shear capacity. Therefore, with the same conditions, longer span can be designed. Due to small angle of stay cables, the cable allowable stress at serviceability is about the same level with balanced cantilever bridge and no significant penalty on fatigue resistance unlike stay cables for conventional cable stayed bridges. The Extradosed bridge offers economic benefit for medium span range and aesthetically pleasing.
Characterization and Ex Vivo evaluation of an extracorporeal high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) system
Authors: Zhou Yufeng , Cunitz Bryan W. , Dunmire Barbrina , Wang Yak‐Nam , Karl Steven G. , Warren Cinderella , Mitchell Stuart , Hwang Joo Ha 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been in clinical use for a variety of solid tumors and cancers. Accurate and reliable calibration is in a great need for clinical applications. An extracorporeal clinical HIFU system applied for the investigational device exemption (IDE) to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) so that evaluation of its characteristics, performance, and safety was required.MethodsThe acoustic pressure and power output was characterized by a fiber optic probe and a radiation force balance, respectively, with the electrical power up to 2000 W. An in situ acoustic energy was established as the clinical protocol at the electrical power up to 500 W. Temperature elevation inside the tissue sample was measured by a thermocouple array. Generated lesion volume at different in situ acoustic energies and pathological examination of the lesions was evaluated ex vivo.ResultsAcoustic pressure mapping showed the insignificant presence of side/grating lobes and pre‐ or post‐focal peaks (≤−12 dB). Although distorted acoustic pressure waveform was found in the free field, the nonlinearity was reduced significantly after the beam propagating through tissue samples (i.e., the second harmonic of −11.8 dB at 500 W). Temperature elevation was <10°C at a distance of 10 mm away from a 20‐mm target, which suggests the well‐controlled HIFU energy deposition and no damage to the surrounding tissue. An acoustic energy in the range of 750–1250 J resulted in discrete lesions with an interval space of 5 mm between the treatment spots. Histology confirmed that the lesions represented a region of permanently damaged cells by heat fixation, without causing cell lysis by either cavitation or boiling.ConclusionsOur characterization and ex vivo evaluation protocol met the IDE requirement. The in‐situ acoustic energy model will be used in clinical trials to deliver almost consistent energy to the various targets.
Controlled Growth of Hierarchical Bi2Se3/CdSe‐Au Nanorods with Optimized Photothermal Conversion and Demonstrations in Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Dan , Chen Bei , Wang Gang‐Gang , Ma Song , Cheng Li , Liu Wei , Zhou Li , Wang Qu‐Quan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntegrating multiple mechanisms to maximize photothermal conversion efficiency is a significant strategy but remains challenging to construct therapeutic agents toward photothermal tumor treatment. Here, an approach to synthesize asymmetric Bi2Se3/CdSe‐Au hierarchical nanorods with excellent photothermal conversion is reported. Ag wetting‐layer is firstly grown to help overcome the interfacial lattice mismatch and promote the site‐selective growth of AgCdSe onto one end or side surface of Au nanorods. Subsequently, extraction of Ag+ ions out of lattice is observed during cation exchange reaction and epitaxial growth of Bi2Se3 shell. Bi2Se3/CdSe heterojunction with type‐II band alignment is formed and located at the plasmonic hotspots of Au nanorods, which experiences enhanced light absorption and accelerates the charge separation of photo‐excited carriers. Under excitation of near‐infrared 808 nm laser, the matchstick‐like Bi2Se3/CdSe‐Au nanorods show an excellent photothermal conversion, with 4.3 times temperature increment (ΔT) than that of bare Au nanorods. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo experiments verify them as excellent photothermal therapeutic agents.
Construction of a Porous Metal–Organic Framework with a High Density of Open Cr Sites for Record N2/O2 Separation
Authors: Zhang Feifei , Shang Hua , Wang Li , Wang Yong , Yang Jiangfeng , Xia Yuanhua , Li Hao , Li Libo , Li Jinping 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe removal of low concentration N2 is of great significance and challenging in the industrial production of high‐purity O2. Herein, a chromium‐based metal–organic framework, namely, TYUT‐96Cr, is reported, which has an unprecedented N2 capture capacity of 37.46 cm3 cm−3 and N2/O2 (5:95, v/v) selectivity up to 26.95 (298 K and 1 bar), thus setting new benchmarks for all reported metal–organic frameworks and commercially used ones (Li‐LSX and 13X). Breakthrough experiments reveal that N2 can be directly extracted from various N2/O2 (79:21, 50:50, 5:95, and 1:99, v/v) mixtures by this material, affording a record‐high O2‐production scale with 99.99% purity. Density functional theory calculations and in situ infrared spectroscopy studies demonstrate that the high‐density open Cr (III) sites in TYUT‐96Cr can behave as effective Lewis acidic sites, thus resulting in a strong affinity toward N2. The high N2 adsorption selectivity, exceptional separation performance, and ultrahigh structural stability render this porous material with great potential for this important industrial application.
Yield and economic performance of crop rotation systems in South Dakota
Authors: Feng Hanxiao , Wang Tong , Osborne Shannon L. , Kumar Sandeep 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCrop yield and economic profitability, both highly dependent on local crop management, soil characteristics, and weather conditions, are among the most influential factors to consider when considering a cropping system. The objective of this study was to compare the economic returns of three different 4‐yr diverse crop rotations with that of a 2‐yr traditional crop rotation in eastern South Dakota. The rotations included were (a) corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]–spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–pea (Pisum sativum L.) (CSSwP), (b) corn–pea–winter wheat–soybean (CPWwS), (c) corn–oat (Avena sativa L.)–winter wheat–soybean (COWwS), and (d) corn–soybean (CS). Results showed that total cost for the CS rotation was 7.2, 14.9, and 18.2% greater than the COWwS, CSSwP, and CPWwS rotations, respectively. Whereas CS rotation had comparable corn yield with CSSwP and COWwS rotations, its soybean yield ranked the lowest among all the rotations. When N fertilizer application fell below the level necessary to achieve for yield maximization, the CS rotation demonstrated a lack of resilience as indicated by a continual decline in economic returns over time. In comparison, the CSSwP rotation demonstrated high resilience to reduced N fertilizer application rate, and its net revenue was the highest among all rotations and surpassed the CS. Our results suggest that extending the traditional CS rotation to the more diversified CSSwP rotation could simultaneously reduce input costs and overreliance on N fertilizer.
Capture efficiency of four chamber designs for measuring ammonia emissions
Authors: Alexander Jonathan R. , Spackman Jared A. , Wilson Melissa L. , Fernández Fabián G. , Venterea Rodney T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAmmonia (NH3) emissions are an economically and environmentally significant loss pathway of fertilizer and soil‐derived N. Chambers are a commonly used method to quantify NH3 emissions in plot‐scale agricultural research. Although this method is widely used, its accuracy may be influenced by the overall design of the chamber, its components, and its interaction with the environment. Four NH3 chamber designs, including open, open + polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), semi‐open, and closed, were deployed over a dilute NH3 solution for 6 h on four dates to determine the effect of chamber design on NH3 capture efficiency. The solution volume and concentration were measured before and after acid trap deployment, and total volatile NH3 emission was assumed to be equal to the mass N loss. The NH3 capture efficiency relative to the estimated total emissions was greatest for the open design (12.9%), whereas the semi‐open chamber was the least efficient (3.5%). The closed chamber reduced NH3 emissions relative to the open and semi‐open designs by inhibiting convective gas transport beneath the chamber footprint.
Characterization of a source of resistance to aflatoxin accumulation in maize
Authors: Ogunola Oluwaseun , Smith J. Spencer , Xu Wenwei , Bhattramakki Dinakar , Jeffers Daniel , Williams W. Paul , Warburton Marilyn L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAflatoxinproduced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus (Link:Fr) can accumulate in maize (Zea mays L.) and poses serious human health and economic concerns, especially in sub‐Saharan Africa. Genetic resistance against A. flavus infection and spread, and subsequent production of aflatoxin, is a key tool for reducing the problem. Some resistant inbred donor lines carry quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance that have a sufficiently large phenotypic effect to be used for marker assisted introgression. New sources of resistance, unrelated to previously characterized resistant lines, could carry unique QTL with large phenotypic effect on resistance to complement the previously identified QTL. To this end, CML69, derived from Caribbean Composite germplasm unrelated to previously released resistant lines, was used in QTL mapping to identify and characterize new resistance QTL. Seventeen QTL were identified, although some may be the same genetic region causing QTL identified in more than one environment, indicating that these QTL are stably expressed across environments. These QTL explained 1.8–12.6% each and jointly up to 55% of the phenotypic variation. The largest effect QTL, in particular the QTL in bin 4.08, are most likely the same as has been reported in QTL mapping studies of other resistant maize lines, suggesting both environmental and genetic stability. This stability will be very useful when these QTL are used in maize improvement programs, and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers linked to these QTL were identified to facilitate this use. CML69, and other lines related to it by pedigree, may make good parents for new aflatoxin resistant hybrids.
2021 update on clinical trials in β‐thalassemia
Authors: Musallam Khaled M. , Bou‐Fakhredin Rayan , Cappellini Maria Domenica , Taher Ali T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe treatment landscape for patients with β‐thalassemia is witnessing a swift evolution, yet several unmet needs continue to persist. Patients with transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassemia (TDT) primarily rely on regular transfusion and iron chelation therapy, which can be associated with considerable treatment burden and cost. Patients with non‐transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassemia (NTDT) are also at risk of significant morbidity due to the underlying anemia and iron overload, but treatment options in this patient subgroup are limited. In this review, we provide updates on clinical trials of novel therapies targeting the underlying pathology in β‐thalassemia, including the α/non‐α‐globin chain imbalance, ineffective erythropoiesis, and iron dysregulation.
Body structural and cellular aging of women with low socioeconomic status in Hungary: A pilot study
Authors: Annar Dorina , Feher Piroska , Madarasi Anna , Mascie‐Taylor Nicholas , Kekesi Anna , Kalabiska Irina , Muzsnai Agota , Zsakai Annamaria 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe health status of an individual is determined not only by their genetic background but also by their physical environment, social environment and access and use of the health care system. The Roma are one of the largest ethnic minority groups in Hungary. The majority of the Roma population live in poor conditions in segregated settlements in Hungary, with most experiencing higher exposure to environmental health hazards. The main aim of this study was to examine the biological health and aging status of Roma women living in low socioeconomic conditions in Hungary.MethodsLow SES Roma (n: 20) and high SES non‐Roma women (n: 30) aged between 35 and 65 years were enrolled to the present analysis. Body mass components were estimated by body impedance analysis, bone structure was estimated by quantitative ultrasound technique. Cellular aging was assessed by X chromosome loss estimation. Data on health status, lifestyle and socioeconomic factors were collected by questionnaires.ResultsThe results revealed that low SES women are prone to be more obese, have a higher amount of abdominal body fat, and have worse bone structure than the national reference values. A positive relationship was found between aging and the rate of X chromosome loss was detected only in women with low SES. Waist to hip ratio, existence of cardiovascular diseases and the number of gravidities were predictors of the rate of X chromosome loss in women.ConclusionsThe results suggested that age‐adjusted rate of X chromosome loss could be related to the socioeconomic status.
Metabolic health measurements of shift workers in a national cross‐sectional study: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey
Authors: Harris M. Anne , Kim Joanne , Demers Paul 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundShift work exposure may be a concern for a range of health effects, including metabolic health outcomes such as insulin resistance, high body weight, and abdominal obesity.MethodsWe analyzed shift work and indicators of metabolic health (overweight/obesity defined by body mass index, self‐reported changes in body mass index (BMI) in previous 1 and 10 years, waist circumference, waist‐to‐hip ratio, and insulin resistance assessed by the homeostasis model assessment 2 (HOMA‐2‐IR)) in the cross‐sectional Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS). We analyzed descriptive characteristics of shift workers (regular night, evening, and rotating shift) and used multivariable linear regression to examine the association between two definitions of shift work exposure and measures of metabolic health, adjusted for age, sex, daily energy expenditure, sleep, and poor dietary quality.Results5470 anthropometry (2637 fasting) participants in CHMS Cycles 1 and 2 were included, of whom 16.5% worked regular evening, night, or rotating shifts. Shift workers were younger and slept longer hours than non‐shift workers. Bivariate associations showed inverse relationships between shift work and BMI, waist circumference, waist‐to‐hip ratio, and HOMA‐2‐IR. In adjusted analyses, BMI was inversely related to shift work, and other metabolic health outcomes showed no significant associations.ConclusionsHealthy worker effects (including self‐selection of exposure) could explain inverse relationships, particularly as the cross‐sectional design only allowed assessment of current exposure. Key strengths include the population‐based design and measurement of metabolic health indicators. Results underscore the importance of consideration of the health of shift workers following departure from the exposed population.
Expanding the KIF4A‐associated phenotype
Authors: Kalantari Silvia , Carlston Colleen , Alsaleh Norah , Abdel‐Salam Ghada M. H. , Alkuraya Fowzan , Kato Mitsuhiro , Matsumoto Naomichi , Miyatake Satoko , Yamamoto Tatsuya , Fares‐Taie Lucas , Rozet Jean‐Michel , Chassaing Nicolas , Vincent‐Delorme Catherine , Kang‐Bellin Anjeung , McWalter Kirsty , Bupp Caleb , Palen Emily , Wagner Monisa D. , Niceta Marcello , Cesario Claudia , Milone Roberta , Kaplan Julie , Wadman Erin , Dobyns William B. , Filges Isabel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractKinesin super family (KIF) genes encode motor kinesins, a family of evolutionary conserved proteins, involved in intracellular trafficking of various cargoes. These proteins are critical for various physiological processes including neuron function and survival, ciliary function and ciliogenesis, and cell‐cycle progression. Recent evidence suggests that alterations in motor kinesin genes can lead to a variety of human diseases, including monogenic disorders. Neuropathies, impaired higher brain functions, structural brain abnormalities and multiple congenital anomalies (i.e., renal, urogenital, and limb anomalies) can result from pathogenic variants in many KIF genes. We expand the phenotype associated with KIF4A variants from developmental delay and intellectual disability with or without epilepsy to a congenital anomaly phenotype with hydrocephalus and various brain anomalies at the more severe end of phenotypic manifestations. Additional anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract, congenital lymphedema, eye, and dental anomalies seem to be variably associated and overlap with clinical signs observed in other kinesinopathies. Caution still applies to missense variants, but hopefully, future work will further establish genotype–phenotype correlations in a larger number of patients and functional studies may give further insights into the complex function of KIF4A.
Tertiary Chiral Nanostructures from C−H⋅⋅⋅F Directed Assembly of Chiroptical Superatoms
Authors: Shen Hui , Xu Zhen , Wang Lingzheng , Han Ying‐Zi , Liu Xianhu , Malola Sami , Teo Boon K. , Häkkinen Hannu , Zheng Nanfeng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe report the synthesis and structure of tertiary chiral nanostructures with 100 % optical purity. A novel synthetic strategy, using chiral reducing agent, R and S‐BINAPCuBH4 (BINAP is 2,2′‐Bis(diphenylphosphino)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl), is developed to access to atomically precise, intrinsically chiral [Au7Ag6Cu2(R‐ or S‐BINAP)3(SCH2Ph)6]SbF6 nanoclusters in one‐pot synthesis. The clusters represent the first tri‐metallic superatoms with inherent chirality and fair stability. Both metal distribution (primary) and ligand arrangement (secondary) of the enantiomers exhibited perfect mirror images, and unprecedentedly, the self‐assembly driven by the C−H⋅⋅⋅F interaction between the phenyl groups of the superatom moieties and SbF6− anions induced the formation of bio‐mimic left‐ and right‐handed helices, achieving the tertiary chiral nanostructures. DFT calculations revealed the connections between the molecular details and chiral optical activity.
Electrochemical Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane to Ethylene in a Solid Oxide Electrolyzer
Authors: Ye Lingting , Duan Xiuyun , Xie Kui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene is an important process in light olefin industry; however, the over‐oxidation of ethane leads to low ethylene selectivity. Here, we report a novel approach to electrochemical oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane in anode in conjunction with CO2reduction at cathode in a solid oxide electrolyser using a porous single‐crystalline CeO2electrode at 600 °C. We identify and engineer the flux and chemical states of active oxygen species that evolve from the lattice at anode surface to activate and dehydrogenate ethane to ethylene via the reaction of epoxy species. Active oxygen species (O2−, O22−and O2−) at the anode surface effectively dehydrogenate ethane to ethylene, but O−species tend to induce deep oxidation. We demonstrate exceptionally high ethylene selectivity of 95 % and an ethane conversion of 10 % with a durable operation of 300 h.
Highly Efficient CO2 Electroreduction to Methanol through Atomically Dispersed Sn Coupled with Defective CuO Catalysts
Authors: Guo Weiwei , Liu Shoujie , Tan Xingxing , Wu Ruizhi , Yan Xupeng , Chen Chunjun , Zhu Qinggong , Zheng Lirong , Ma Jingyuan , Zhang Jing , Huang Yuying , Sun Xiaofu , Han Buxing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUsing renewable electricity to drive CO2 electroreduction is an attractive way to achieve carbon‐neutral energy cycle and produce value‐added chemicals and fuels. As an important platform molecule and clean fuel, methanol requires 6‐electron transfer in the process of CO2 reduction. Currently, CO2 electroreduction to methanol suffers from poor efficiency and low selectivity. Herein, we report the first work to design atomically dispersed Sn site anchored on defective CuO catalysts for CO2 electroreduction to methanol. It exhibits high methanol Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 88.6 % with a current density of 67.0 mA cm−2 and remarkable stability in a H‐cell, which is the highest FE(methanol) with such high current density compared with the results reported to date. The atomic Sn site, adjacent oxygen vacancy and CuO support cooperate very well, leading to higher double‐layer capacitance, larger CO2 adsorption capacity and lower interfacial charge transfer resistance. Operando experiments and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the catalyst is beneficial for CO2 activation via decreasing the energy barrier of *COOH dissociation to form *CO. The obtained key intermediate *CO is then bound to the Cu species for further reduction, leading to high selectivity toward methanol.