bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aqueous Microlenses for Localized Collection and Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Gaseous Molecules
Authors: Kim Yun‐Tae , Kim Daeik , Park Sanghwan , Zhexembekova Anar , Byeon Mirang , Hong Tae Eun , Lee Jongwon , Lee Chang Young 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRaman spectroscopy of gaseous molecules has been challenging, requiring complicated experimental procedures and peripheral devices for concentrating the analytes. Here, Raman spectroscopy of gaseous molecules at parts‐per‐billion (ppb) levels is demonstrated using aqueous microlenses of LiCl solution that spontaneously absorb water‐soluble gas molecules from the environment. The lenses are easily formed by filling the microwells of an elastomeric stamp with an aqueous solution of LiCl and stamping onto a substrate. Because LiCl is hygroscopic, the aqueous lenses maintain their liquid states under various ambient conditions. Gaseous molecules in the air dissolve in the aqueous microlens and can be identified based on their Raman fingerprints. Lowering the humidity causes the aqueous lens to transition into a salt crystal, while preserving the dissolved molecules within the crystal and facilitating the long‐term storage and analysis of gaseous analytes. By forming the aqueous microlenses on a surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate, 800 ppb dimethyl methylphosphonate, a nerve agent simulant, is detected in a collection time of only 5 s. Aqueous microlenses that are responsive to the chemical environment are useful for analyzing various water‐soluble gaseous molecules and therefore have broad implications for healthcare, food safety, and environmental‐monitoring applications.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Fused Indolin‐3‐Ones via a [3+3] Cycloaddition Reaction
Authors: Huang Lang , Yao Zhenyu , Huang Guanghua , Ao Yaqi , Zhu Bin , Li Sanshu , Cui Xiuling 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA formal [3+3] cycloaddition reaction of azaoxyallyl cations and isatogens generated in situ from α‐halo hydroxamates and o‐nitroalkynes, respectively, was developed. The cycloisomerization of the o‐nitroalkynes, followed by base‐mediated elimination of hydrogen halide and 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of the azaoxyallyl cations with the isatogen intermediates, were hallmarks of this one‐pot tandem reaction. A series of tricyclic fused indolin‐3‐ones were obtained under very mild reaction conditions with high atom economy, and the reaction exhibited excellent functional group tolerance. In addition, the reaction was highly scalable to multigram quantities. The obtained indolin‐3‐ones exhibited robust DNA staining patterns in agarose gel electrophoresis. Coupled with the fluorescence properties of the products, these results highlight the potential utility of tricyclic fused indolin‐3‐ones in various fluorescence and cell‐staining applications.magnified image
Polymersome Nanoreactor‐Mediated Combination Chemodynamic‐Immunotherapy via ROS Production and Enhanced STING Activation
Authors: Zhou Qinghao , Wang Yuheng , Li Xiang , Lu Nannan , Ge Zhishen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStimulator of interferon genes (STING) activation by STING agonists has been recognized as one of important immunotherapy strategies. However, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment always hinders the therapeutic efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Herein, ferrocene‐containing polymersome nanoreactors are engineered by co‐loading glucose oxidase (GOD) and STING agonist, symmetry‐linked amidobenzimidazole (DiABZI), for enhanced STING activation and combination chemodynamic‐immunotherapy. After intravenous injection, the polymersomes can accumulate in tumor tissues. The tumor acidity‐triggered polymersome membrane permeability allows the entrance of tumoral glucose and oxygen for H2O2 production by GOD, which is further transformed into hydroxyl radicals (•OH) under the catalysis of ferrocene moieties. Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) based on •OH can induce efficient cellular apoptosis and release of fragmented DNA and tumor‐associated antigens to promote endogenous STING activation and reverse immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Simultaneously, pH‐responsive release of DiABZI activates STING pathway to elicit antitumor immune responses. Therefore, DiABZI and CDT synergistically enhance the antitumor immunity via combination chemodynamic‐immunotherapy. The primary tumors are completely ablated and the growth of distant tumors that are established after treatment is also suppressed efficiently. The polymersome nanoreactor‐mediated chemodynamic‐immunotherapy represents a promising treatment strategy toward primary solid and metastatic tumors.
Genetically Engineered Cellular Membrane Vesicles as Tailorable Shells for Therapeutics
Authors: Ren En , Liu Chao , Lv Peng , Wang Junqing , Liu Gang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBenefiting from the blooming interaction of nanotechnology and biotechnology, biosynthetic cellular membrane vesicles (Bio‐MVs) have shown superior characteristics for therapeutic transportation because of their hydrophilic cavity and hydrophobic bilayer structure, as well as their inherent biocompatibility and negligible immunogenicity. These excellent cell‐like features with specific functional protein expression on the surface can invoke their remarkable ability for Bio‐MVs based recombinant protein therapy to facilitate the advanced synergy in poly‐therapy. To date, various tactics have been developed for Bio‐MVs surface modification with functional proteins through hydrophobic insertion or multivalent electrostatic interactions. While the Bio‐MVs grow through genetically engineering strategies can maintain binding specificity, sort orders, and lead to strict information about artificial proteins in a facile and sustainable way. In this progress report, the most current technology of Bio‐MVs is discussed, with an emphasis on their multi‐functionalities as “tailorable shells” for delivering bio‐functional moieties and therapeutic entities. The most notable success and challenges via genetically engineered tactics to achieve the new generation of Bio‐MVs are highlighted. Besides, future perspectives of Bio‐MVs in novel bio‐nanotherapy are provided.
Women agricultural economists in federal agencies: Making a difference
Authors: Evans Katherine Smith , Bohman Mary 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article summarizes the substantial contribution of federal women agricultural economists in producing unique research reliant on restricted federal data; the female economist‐led expansion of Economic Research Service (ERS) and other research programs into new, contemporary areas beyond production agriculture; the development of data on contemporary issues; and the widely distributed explosion of new work in those new areas enabled by access to ERS data and resources to researchers outside the agency. Important facilitation by ascendant female leadership in ERS and other government agencies is emphasized.
Near‐surface soil property changes affected by management practices in a long‐term, wheat–soybean, double‐crop system
Authors: Morrison Machaela , Brye Kristofor 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLong‐term agricultural sustainability and productivity are controlled by the integrative effects of different management practices on the soil. Many Arkansas producers use the double‐crop system to grow soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr] and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of agricultural management practices (including residue level, tillage, irrigation, and burning) and soil depth on the change in various soil properties from 2010 to 2020 in a long‐term, wheat–soybean, double‐crop system on a silt‐loam soil (Glossaquic Fraglossudalfs) in eastern Arkansas. Soil nutrients tended to accumulate over time, the most in the top 10 cm, whereas soil nutrient contents in the 10‐to‐20‐cm depth interval tended to not significantly change over time. Soil bulk density (BD) generally decreased across all treatments over time. Soil organic matter (SOM) content increased under all treatment combinations by 0.097 kg ha−1. Soil BD decreased and SOM numerically increased the most in the no‐tillage/no‐burn treatment in the top 10 cm of the soil. Total C was 9.2 times greater, whereas total N was 48 times greater in the top 10 cm of the soil. Soil pH was 1.9 times greater under irrigation than under nonirrigated treatments. Quantifying changes in soil‐properties over time will help producers to better understand the long‐term effects of various residue and water management practices and to find reasonable, more sustainable alternative practices.
Paleohistology of the Cretaceous resin‐producing conifer Geinitzia reichenbachii using X‐ray synchrotron microtomography
Authors: Moreau Jean‐David , Philippe Marc , Néraudeau Didier , Dépré Eric , Le Couls Matthieu , Fernandez Vincent , Beurel Simon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPremiseThe conifer Geinitzia reichenbachii was a common member of the Cretaceous Laurasian floras. However, the histology of G. reichenbachii leafy axes was never described in detail, and our knowledge of its paleoecology remains very limited. Using new and exquisitely preserved silicified material from the Upper Cretaceous of western France, we describe G. reichenbachii from the gross morphology to the cellular scale, then discuss paleoecological and taphonomical implications.MethodsWe examined specimens from two localities in western France (Claix and Moragne) using propagation phase‐contrast X‐ray synchrotron microtomography.ResultsThe cuticle and the inner tissues of leafy axes are preserved in three dimensions. Epidermis, hypodermis, palisade parenchyma, spongy parenchyma, transfusion tracheids, and most of tissues of the vascular cylinder are clearly discernible. The numerous resin ducts are sometimes filled by persisting resin. Additionally, surfaces of some leaves preserved drops and flows of resin.ConclusionsDepositional environmental context combined with histological features of G. reichenbachii suggest that this conifer was adapted to a range of marginal‐littoral ecosystems including those open to the sea paleoenvironments and innermost ones influenced by strong continental inputs. Geinitzia reichenbachii was adapted to withstand intense sunlight, hot temperatures coupled with salty sea wind, and dry conditions. The frequent amber‐bearing beds in the Cretaceous from western France with Geinitzia as a main component of the associated floras raises the possibility of a role for Geinitzia in the production of the “Charentese amber”.
Generation of Coumarin‐3‐Carboxamides From Coumarin‐3‐Carboxylic Acids and Tetraalkylthiuram Disulfides Catalyzed by Copper Salts
Authors: Wang Longfei , Ding SongShuang , Shen Hongtao , Wang Yiying , Hao Shuai , Yin Guangting , Qiu Jianhua , Lin Beisen , Wu Zhiyong , Zhao Mingqin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAmidation reactions of coumarin‐3‐carboxylic acids under mild conditions have been demonstrated in this work. Tetraalkylthiuram disulfides are utilized as the amidation reagents. This protocol is compatible with a variety of electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing functional groups and provides an attractive strategy for the preparation of coumarin‐3‐carboxamides in moderate to good yields.
The impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on Australian domestic and family violence services and their clients
Authors: Carrington Kerry , Morley Christine , Warren Shane , Ryan Vanessa , Ball Matthew , Clarke Jo , Vitis Laura 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDuring the early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic, reports emerged that lockdowns were increasing the prevalence of domestic and family violence (DFV) in Australia and across the world. The lockdowns and restrictions were necessary to contain the pandemic. However, leaders in the domestic family violence sector expressed concerns early during 2020 that these lockdowns would lead to the escalation of domestic and family violence. Calling it a shadow pandemic, the United Nations Secretary‐General urged all governments to prioritise the prevention of violence against women in their national response plan for COVID‐19. To gain some insight into the Australian context, a Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Centre for Justice research team conducted a nationwide survey to assess the impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on DFV services and their clients. Findings based on survey data from 362 participants from the DFV sector, including 1,507 qualitative responses, confirm the concerns raised early in the COVID‐19 pandemic. This article provides an overview of the survey results, discusses the findings in the light of national international research and highlights the resources needed to strengthen the DFV sector in the future.
Siloxy Esters as Traceless Activators of Carboxylic Acids: Boron‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Asymmetric Aldol Reaction**
Authors: Fujita Taiki , Yamane Mina , Sameera W. M. C. , Mitsunuma Harunobu , Kanai Motomu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe catalytic asymmetric aldol reaction is among the most useful reactions in organic synthesis. Despite the existence of many prominent reports, however, the late‐stage, chemoselective, catalytic, asymmetric aldol reaction of multifunctional substrates is still difficult to achieve. Herein, we identified that in situ pre‐conversion of carboxylic acids to siloxy esters facilitated the boron‐catalyzed direct aldol reaction, leading to the development of carboxylic acid‐selective, catalytic, asymmetric aldol reaction applicable to multifunctional substrates. Combining experimental and computational studies rationalized the reaction mechanism and led to the proposal of Si/B enediolates as the active species. The silyl ester formation facilitated both enolization and catalyst turnover by acidifying the α‐proton of substrates and attenuating poisonous Lewis bases to the boron catalyst.
Printed Nanochain‐Based Colorimetric Assay for Quantitative Virus Detection
Authors: Zhang Zeying , Wang Huadong , Su Meng , Sun Yali , Tan Shuang‐Jie , Ponkratova Ekaterina , Zhao Maoxiong , Wu Dongdong , Wang Keyu , Pan Qi , Chen Bingda , Zuev Dmitry , Song Yanlin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFast and ultrasensitive detection of pathogens is very important for efficient monitoring and prevention of viral infections. Here, we demonstrate a label‐free optical detection approach that uses a printed nanochain assay for colorimetric quantitative testing of viruses. The antibody‐modified nanochains have high activity and specificity which can rapidly identify target viruses directly from biofluids in 15 min, as well as differentiate their subtypes. Arising from the resonance induced near‐field enhancement, the color of nanochains changes with the binding of viruses that are easily observed by a smartphone. We achieve the detection limit of 1 PFU μL−1 through optimizing the optical response of nanochains in visible region. Besides, it allows for real‐time response to virus concentrations ranging from 0 to 1.0×105 PFU mL−1. This low‐cost and portable platform is also applicable to rapid detection of other biomarkers, making it attractive for many clinical applications.
Functional Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Framework as a New Class of Heterogeneous Halogen‐Bond‐Donor Catalyst
Authors: Zhang Weijie , Nafady Ayman , Shan Chuan , Wojtas Lukasz , Chen Yu‐Sheng , Cheng Qigan , Zhang X. Peter , Ma Shengqian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBiomimetic metal‐organic frameworks have attracted great attention as they can be used as bio‐inspired models, allowing us to gain important insights into how large biological molecules function as catalysts. In this work, we report the synthesis and utilization of such a metal‐metalloporphyrin framework (MMPF) that is constructed from a custom‐designed ligand as an efficient halogen bond donor catalyst for Diels–Alder reactions under ambient conditions. The implementation of fabricated halogen bonding capsule as binding pocket with high‐density C−Br bonds enabled the use of halogen bonding to facilitate organic transformations in their three‐dimensional cavities. Through combined experimental and computational studies, we showed that the substrate molecules diffuse through the pores of the MMPF, establishing a host‐guest system via the C−Br⋅⋅⋅π interaction. The formation of halogen bonds is a plausible explanation for the observed boosted catalytic efficiency in Diels–Alder reactions. Moreover, the unique capability of MMPF highlights new opportunities in using artificial non‐covalent binding pockets as highly tunable and selective catalytic materials.
Chiral Selectivity of Secondary Nucleation in Amyloid Fibril Propagation
Authors: Törnquist Mattias , Linse Sara 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChirality is a fundamental feature of asymmetric molecules and of critical importance for intermolecular interactions. The growth of amyloid fibrils displays a strong enantioselectivity, which is manifested as elongation through the addition of monomers of the same, but not opposite, chirality as the parent aggregate. Here we ask whether also secondary nucleation on the surface of amyloid fibrils, of relevance for toxicity, is governed by the chirality of the nucleating monomers. We use short amyloid peptides (Aβ20‐34 and IAPP20‐29) with all residues as L‐ or all D‐enantiomer in self and cross‐seeding experiments with low enough seed concentration that any acceleration of fibril formation is dominated by secondary nucleation. We find a strong enantio‐specificity of this auto‐catalytic process with secondary nucleation being observed in the self‐seeding experiments only. The results highlight a role of secondary nucleation in strain propagation.
Partitioning, solubility and solubilization of limonene into water or short‐chain phosphatidylcholine solutions
Authors: Karman Andrew P. , Ebeler Susan E. , Nitin Nitin , Dungan Stephanie R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUsing headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS–SPME), equilibrium distributions could be determined for hydrophobic solutes in closed systems containing vapor and aqueous solution, either in the absence or presence of two short‐chain phospholipids, dihexanoyl‐phosphatidylcholine (diC6PC) and diheptanoyl‐phosphatidylcholine (diC7PC). Without phospholipid, HS–SPME with short extraction times was used to measure water–vapor partition coefficients for d‐limonene at five temperatures within 15–40°C, with results in good agreement with existing literature. The temperature dependence of yielded the enthalpy of volatilization 34.5 kJ/mol for limonene. At 25°C, solubility values for d‐limonene, 1‐octanol, and n‐decane were obtained using similar measurements above aqueous solutions of various solute concentrations. Short‐time HS–SPME extraction of limonene in closed vials containing diC6PC or diC7PC micelles was also used to evaluate distributions of solute between vapor, aqueous dissolution, and micelles, for various surfactant concentrations at 15–40°C. Resulting vapor phase concentrations were analyzed using a mass balance and measured values, to obtain micelle–water partition coefficients and critical micelle concentrations. in diC6PC solutions (1–2 mM−1) weakly increased with temperature, but decreased significantly with increased temperature for diC7PC micelles (2–4 mM−1). Solubilization in short‐chain PC micelles has previously received little attention, and our results show that the extent of partitioning into these diacyl (i.e., two‐tailed) lipids is comparable to that for single‐tailed anionic or nonionic surfactants.
Influence of starch nanocrystals on sisal fiber/starch composites compatibilized by glutaraldehyde
Authors: Chang Yao , Luo Jingqi , Ma Huihuang , Zhou Xiaodong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSisal fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic starch (TPS) composites with excellent properties have been widely used in agriculture, packaging, and other fields. In this work, a new type of sisal/starch composite was prepared by torque rheologic melting and a hot pressing process successively, improving the compatibility between sisal fibers and TPS. The additives of glutaraldehyde and starch nanocrystals played an important role in improving the properties of the composites. They not only improved their surface smoothness, uniformity, compatibility, and interfacial adhesion strength but also promoted the mechanical properties that was because the interaction between the matrix and fibers was formed to effectively promote stress dispersion and share the load to enhance the deformation ability. These additives also promoted the cross‐linking function of the composites and reduced the number of hydroxyl groups on their surface, decreasing the moisture absorption rate. After cross‐linking with these compatibilizers, the hydrophobicity of the composites improved, decreasing their water vapor permeability.
Longitudinal observation of insulin secretory ability before and after the onset of immune checkpoint inhibitor‐induced diabetes mellitus: A report of two cases
Authors: Fujiwara Noriko , Watanabe Mayu , Katayama Akihiro , Noda Yohei , Eguchi Jun , Kataoka Hitomi , Kagawa Shunsuke , Wada Jun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitor‐induced diabetes mellitus is a rare immune‐related adverse event. This report illustrates clinical data and insulin secretory ability before and after the onset of immune checkpoint inhibitor‐induced diabetes.
Fluorimetric Readout of Ion Selective Electrode Signals Operating under Chronopotentiometric Conditions
Authors: Kalisz Justyna , Węgrzyn Katarzyna , Maksymiuk Krzysztof , Michalska Agata 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe applicability of emission readout of ion‐selective electrodes, containing fluorimetrically active polyoctylthiophene in the membrane, operating under chronopotentiometric mode was studied. The electrochemical and optical signals were collected in the same experiment and compared. In both modes a change in recorded signal: potential or emission in time was observed while a constant current was applied to the sensor. The recorded signals (chronopotentiometric, fluoro‐chronopotentiometric curves and calculated transition times) were dependent on the concentration of potassium ions. The transition times calculated from electrochemical signals were linearly dependent on the concentration of potassium ions in solution within the range: 0.1–0.7 mM. Optically read transition times were also linearly dependent on concentration within the same range, however, they were shorter than those recorded electrochemically. This difference is attributed to various effects represented by the transition time: concentration increase of reduced form of the conducting polymer in the optical mode or depletion of potassium ions close to the membrane surface, in the electrochemical mode.
Design and Preparation of Lotus Root Knot Hierarchical Porous Carbon by Highly Efficient Chemistry Activation for Electric Double Layer Capacitors
Authors: Dang Le , Guo Jia‐Kang , Kong Ling‐Bin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this work, utilizing lotus root knot as raw material, nitrogen and oxygen co‐doped hierarchical porous carbon with appropriate heteroatom doping, multi‐connected 3D pore structure and suitable pore size distribution were produced by carbonization and chemical activation step. The maximum specific surface area the biochar material reached was 3659 m2 g−1. These physical properties exhibit ultrahigh specific capacitance of up to 454.3 F g−1 in a supercapacitor of the three‐electrode system under the current density of 1 A g−1 and a capacitance retention rate of 81.5 % within the range of 1∼10 A g−1. Furthermore, the specific capacitance is maintained at 91.5 % of the initial value in a two‐electrode system after 10,000 cycles. In a two‐electrode system with tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TEABF4)/acetonitrile (ACN) solution as the electrolyte. The voltage window attained was 3 V with high energy density of 51.4 Wh kg−1 under the power density of 750 W kg−1. These results show that the assembled supercapacitors provide excellent energy and power density at the same time.