bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life long follow up and management strategies of patients living with native livers after Kasai portoenterostomy
Authors: Chung Patrick Ho Yu , Chan Edwin Kin Wai , Yeung Fanny , Chan Albert Chi Yan , Mou Jennifer Wai Cheung , Lee Kim Hung , Hung Judy Wing Suet , Leung Michael Wai Yip , Tam Paul Kwong Hang , Wong Kenneth Kak Yuen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe present a 37 years’ experience in the management of biliary atresia (BA) and discuss long-term complications after Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE). A retrospective territory-wide study from 1980 to 2017 on 231 patients with open KPE from three tertiary paediatric surgical centres was performed. Outcome parameters were clearance of jaundice (COJ), native liver survival (NLS) and long-term complications. Factors affecting the operative outcomes were analyzed. The median duration of follow up was 17.5 (IQR: 13.5–22) years. Over 66% of patients became jaundice-freed at 1 year after KPE. Seventy patients (30.3%) received liver transplant (LT) at a median age of 6.2 (IQR: 4.3–8.4) years. The NLS rates at 10 and 20 years were 70.7% and 61.5% respectively with no significant change over the study period. The median age at KPE was 59 (IQR: 49–67) days. KPE performed before 70 days was associated with higher odd ratios for successful drainage but the age of KPE did not have an impact on the long-term NLS. Among all native liver survivors (n = 153), the median bilirubin level was 24 (IQR: 16–36) µmol/L. Portal hypertension (PHT) and recurrent cholangitis were found in 51.6% and 27.5% of them respectively. With a vigilant follow up program, more than 60% of BA patients could remain stable with the disease and achieve long-term survival without LT. Although cholestasis, portal hypertension and recurrent cholangitis are common in long-term NLS, with a comprehensive follow management strategy, they do not always necessitate LT. Our study serves as an example for countries where deceased donor organs are scarce due to very low donation rate.
TagSNP approach for HLA risk allele genotyping of Saudi celiac disease patients: effectiveness and pitfalls
Authors: Baaqeel Reham H. , Banaganapalli Babajan , Al Mahdi Hadiah Bassam , Salama Mohammed A. , Alhussaini Bakr H. , Alaifan Meshari A. , Bin-Taleb Yagoub , Shaik Noor Ahmad , Al-Aama Jumana Yousuf , Elango Ramu , Saadah Omar I. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Celiac disease (CD) is a genetically complex autoimmune disease which is triggered by dietary gluten. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genes are known to act as high-risk markers for CD, where &gt;95% of CD patients carry (HLA), DQ2 and/or DQ8 alleles. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the distribution of HLA haplotypes among Saudi CD patients and healthy controls by using the tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP).
Methods: HLA-tag SNPs showing strong linkage value (r2&gt;0.99) were used to predict the HLA DQ2 and DQ8 genotypes in 101 Saudi CD patients and in 103 healthy controls by using real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. Genotype calls were further validated by Sanger sequencing method.
Results: A total of 63.7% of CD cases and of 60.2% of controls were predicted to carry HLA-DQ2 and DQ8 heterodimers, either in the homozygous or heterozygous states. The prevalence of DQ8 in our CD patients was predicted to be higher than the patients from other ethnic populations (35.6%). More than 32% of the CD patients were found to be non-carriers of HLA risk haplotypes as predicted by the tag SNPs.
Conclusion: The present study highlights that the Caucasian specific HLA-tag SNPs would be of limited value to accurately predict CD specific HLA haplotypes in Saudi population, when compared with the Caucasian groups. Prediction of risk haplotypes by tag SNPs in ethnic groups is a good alternate approach as long as the tag SNPs were identified from the local population genetic variant databases.
A hybrid switched inductor with flexible high voltage gain boost converter for DC micro‐grid application
Authors: Al‐Hitmi Mohammed , Maroti Pandav Kiran , Iqbal Atif 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA hybrid switched inductor with flexible high voltage gain boost converter for 400 V DC microgrid application is presented in the paper. The three operating modes of the converter are controlled using three switches by two‐duty ratios. The proposed converter provides flexibility in the selection of the duty cycle to achieve desired output voltage. Moreover, with two duty ratio, high gain with a wide duty range is accomplished in the proposed converter while an individual switch does not need to operate at a very large duty ratio. The power circuit analysis, operating principles, steady‐state voltage gain analysis during continuous conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous continuous mode (DCM), boundary condition, efficiency analysis, comparison, and circuit parameter design of the proposed are presented. A closed‐loop controller design and small‐signal modeling are discussed. The dynamic behavior of the proposed converter is validated with a change in duty ratio, input voltage, and load power. A laboratory prototype converter is designed and developed to verify the model, and feasibility of different operation modes. The prototype is tested for a power range of 100 W–500 W for different duty cycles.
High-resolution LAsMA 12CO and 13CO observation of the G305 giant molecular cloud complex
Authors: Mazumdar P. , Wyrowski F. , Colombo D. , Urquhart J. S. , Thompson M. A. , Menten K. M. 
Published: May 2021

Context. Understanding the effect of feedback, interaction of young massive stars with their parental giant molecular clouds, is of central importance for studies of the interstellar medium and star formation.
Aims. We observed the G305 star-forming complex in the J = 3–2 lines of 12CO and 13CO to investigate how molecular gas surrounding the central stellar clusters is being impacted by feedback.
Methods. The Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) telescope’s Large APEX sub-Millimeter Array (LAsMA) multibeam receiver was used to observe the region. Excitation temperatures and column density maps were produced. Combining our data with data from the structure, excitation, and dynamics of the inner Galactic interstellar medium survey resulted in a 13CO J = 3−2∕2−1 excitation map. To verify whether feedback from stellar clusters is responsible for exciting the gas, the distribution of CO excitation was compared with that of 8 μm emission imaged with Spitzer, which is dominated by UV-excited emission from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Line centroid velocities, as well as stacked line profiles were examined to investigate the effect of feedback on the gas dynamics.
Results. Line profiles along radially outward directions demonstrate that the excitation temperature and 13CO J = 3−2∕2−1 ratio increase steeply by factors of ~2–3 at the edge of the denser gas traced by 13CO that faces the hot stars at the center of the complex and steadily decreases away from it. The column density also increases at the leading edge, but it does not always decrease steadily outward. Regions with a higher 8 μm flux have higher median excitation temperatures, column densities, and 13CO J = 3−2∕2−1 ratio. The centroid velocity probability distribution function of the region shows exponential wings, indicative of turbulence driven by strong stellar winds. Stacked spectra in regions with stronger feedback have higher skewness and narrower peaks with pronounced wings compared to regions with weaker feedback.
Conclusions. Feedback from the stellar cluster in G305 has demonstrable effects on the excitation as well as on the dynamics of the giant molecular cloud.
COVID-19 und Rauchen
Authors: Raspe Matthias , Bals Robert , Hering Thomas , Pankow Wulf , Rupp Alexander , Rustler Christa , Urlbauer Matthias , Andreas Stefan 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungTabakrauchen geht mit einem erheblichen Gesundheitsrisiko einher. Die Mortalität durch Tabak-assoziierte Erkrankungen wird durch die WHO für das Jahr 2020 auf über 8 Millionen Menschen weltweit geschätzt. Tabakrauchen ist auch ein seit langem gut belegter Risikofaktor für unterschiedliche pulmonale Infektionserkrankungen. Somit stellt sich die Frage, ob Rauchen das Auftreten und schwere Verläufe einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion begünstigt.Um diese Frage zu beantworten, haben wir einen narrativen Review durchgeführt. Insbesondere haben wir systematisch nach Metaanalysen zum Thema gesucht, die im Jahr 2021 publiziert wurden. Sieben Meta-Analysen wurden identifiziert. Tabakrauchen war dabei mit einem erhöhten Risiko schwerer Krankheitsverläufe (Bereich des Odds Ratios/ORs von aktiven Rauchern vs. Nierauchern 1,55–2,19 und von ehemaligen Rauchern vs. Nierauchern 1,20–2,48) und einer erhöhten Krankenhaussterblichkeit (Bereich der ORs von aktiven Rauchern vs. Nierauchern 1,35–1,51 und ehemaligen Rauchern vs. Nierauchern 1,26–2,58) an COVID-19 assoziiert. Dabei sind offenbar neben einer direkten pulmonalen Schädigung durch das Rauchen v. a. Tabak-assoziierte Begleiterkrankungen und damit die kumulative Tabakexposition für schwere Verläufe verantwortlich. Für das Infektionsrisiko ist die Datenlage nicht eindeutig, auch wenn eine britische Studie mit über 2,4 Millionen Personen eine Assoziation von Tabakrauchen und COVID-19-typischen Symptomen beschreibt. Für die E-Zigarette und Tabakerhitzer stehen weniger Daten zur Verfügung. Laborexperimentelle und erste klinische Daten legen aber auch für diese Nikotinprodukte einen ungünstigen Einfluss auf SARS-CoV-2-Infektionen nahe.Gerade während der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie mit stark begrenzten therapeutischen Möglichkeiten für COVID-19 ist es wichtig, aktive Raucher auf die Gefahren des Konsums hinzuweisen und eine Entwöhnungsbehandlung zu ermöglichen, die auf einer breiten Evidenz und Erfahrung fußt. In Deutschland gibt es dabei erheblichen Nachholbedarf. Erforderlich ist daher eine Regelung, die die Kostenübernahme für wissenschaftlich gesicherte Methoden der Tabakentwöhnung durch die gesetzliche Krankenversicherung ermöglicht.
Association of VEGF and p53 Polymorphisms and Spiral Artery Remodeling in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Subi Tamil Mani , Krishnakumar Vinodhini , Kataru Chandreswara Raju , Panigrahi Inusha , Kannan Meganathan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMany studies have reported the association of VEGF-1154G/A, VEGF 936C/T, and p53 Arg72Pro polymorphisms with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), but the outcomes are inconsistent. We have used a meta-analysis to associate these polymorphisms with RPL, having the spiral artery remodeling as a major risk factor. The studies were identified from three different reputed databases, namely ScienceDirect, PubMed/Medline, and Scopus. The eligible studies of VEGF-1154G/A, VEGF 936C/T, and p53Arg72Pro polymorphisms associated with the RPL were selected for the analysis. They were segregated into three different ethnic groups as Asians, Caucasians, and mixed population. For the analysis, the overall prevalence, odds ratio, risk ratio, relative risk ratio, and p-values were calculated. A total of 3,241 RPL cases and 3,205 healthy controls from 21 different case–control studies were analyzed. RPL was highly prevalent in the mixed population with VEGF-1154G/A and p53 Arg72Pro polymorphisms (70.04 and 66.46%, respectively) and in the Asian population with VEGF 936C/T polymorphism (53.58%). The homozygous recessive genotypes of VEGF and p53 exhibited significant association between the respective polymorphisms and RPL along with the increased risk of outcome. The current analysis conclusively reports the geographic distribution of the different genetic polymorphisms which shows high association with the progression of RPL. Understanding the spectrum of polymorphisms on different populations with the spiral artery remodeling as a risk factor encloses the importance of the vasculature during the pregnancy.
Evaluation of a Sepsis Alert in the Pediatric Acute Care Setting
Authors: Gibbs Karen DiValerio , Shi Yan , Sanders Nicole , Bodnar Anthony , Brown Terri , Shah Mona D. , Hess Lauren M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background Severe sepsis can cause significant morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients. Early recognition and treatment are vital to improving patient outcomes.
Objective The study aimed to evaluate the impact of a best practice alert in improving recognition of sepsis and timely treatment to improve mortality in the pediatric acute care setting.
Methods A multidisciplinary team adapted a sepsis alert from the emergency room setting to facilitate identification of sepsis in acute care pediatric inpatient areas. The sepsis alert included clinical decision support to aid in timely treatment, prompting the use of intravenous fluid boluses, and antibiotic administration. We compared sepsis-attributable mortality, time to fluid and antibiotic administration, proportion of patients who required transfer to a higher level of care, and antibiotic days for the year prior to the sepsis alert (2017) to the postimplementation phase (2019).
Results We had 79 cases of severe sepsis in 2017 and 154 cases in 2019. Of these, we found an absolute reduction in both 3-day sepsis-attributable mortality (2.53 vs. 0%) and 30-day mortality (3.8 vs. 1.3%) when comparing the pre- and postintervention groups. Though our analysis was underpowered due to small sample size, we also identified reductions in median time to fluid and antibiotic administration, proportion of patients who were transferred to the intensive care unit, and no observable increase in antibiotic days.
Conclusion Electronic sepsis alerts may assist in improving recognition of sepsis and support timely antibiotic and fluid administration in pediatric acute care settings.
On the conformal transformation between two anisotropic fluid spacetimes
Authors: Kopiński Jarosław 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We investigate the necessary conditions for the two spacetimes, which are solutions to the Einstein field equations with an anisotropic matter source, to be related to each other by means of a conformal transformation. As a result, we obtain that if one of such spacetimes is a generalization of the Robertson–Walker solution with vanishing acceleration and vorticity, then the other one has to be in this class as well, i.e. the conformal factor will be a constant function on the hypersurfaces orthogonal to the fluid flow lines. The evolution equation for this function appears naturally as a direct consequence of the conformal transformation of the Ricci tensor.
Multiple slit interference: a hyperbola based analysis
Authors: Thomas Joseph Ivin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The textbook description of multiple slit interference employs a standard path difference formula that was originally calculated for the purpose of analyzing Young’s double slit experiment. It was arrived at on the basis of a pair of assumptions that help simplify the geometry of the slit-barrier-screen arrangement and the ensuing formalism needed to estimate the positions of interference fringes on the detection screen. According to the conventional approach, convergent rays of light that emanate from different slits can be treated as effectively parallel in the far field limit. Such a parallel ray approximation-based analysis was shown by Thomas (2019; 2020) to be redundant, paradoxical and limited in accuracy. In this paper, the task of reformulation that began previously with the elementary two-slit experiment is now extended to encompass the N-slit scenario, diffraction at a single-slit and the formation of circular fringes. In order to derive one of the key results (the generalized hyperbola theorem for N-point sources), a novel computational technique called analytical induction is introduced. The procedure involves a synthesis of concepts from Cartesian geometry and discrete mathematics, namely coordinate transformation by Euclidean translation and a method of proof called the principle of mathematical induction, respectively. The final goal attained are two distribution functions that succinctly and precisely describe the variation of intensity of interference fringes on the distant screen, when it is oriented parallel and perpendicular relative to the line joining the sources. A comparison is drawn between the predictions of the conventional and the new analyses by means of numerical-graphical simulation with MATLAB. The theoretical methods and results presented herein may have a significant bearing in areas of applied optics like interferometry and diffraction crystallography. On the pedagogic front, it is suggested that the current geometrical program being visually more intuitive, be incorporated into the standard curriculum of an advanced undergraduate/graduate level course in physical optics, to complement the conventional approach.
A review of next generation bifacial solar farms: predictive modeling of energy yield, economics, and reliability
Authors: Khan M Ryyan , Patel M Tahir , Asadpour Reza , Imran Hassan , Butt Nauman Zafar , Alam Muhammad A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Photovoltaic (PV) cell technology has made great progress over the past few decades, bringing the PV energy cost down to a point where it is competitive to conventional electricity prices. While monofacial panels have historically dominated the market, recent developments in the manufacturing of bifacial panels (collecting light from both faces) have made them accessible for commercial applications. It is therefore imperative to define the design principles so that the steeply expanding market of bifacial modules and PV farms stays on an efficient path. In this paper, we will discuss physics-based models for these next-generation bifacial PV farms for analyzing yield and costs. Besides the conventional farm configurations, tracking systems are gaining market shares aiming to enhance the yield at a lower cost. Within

±

30
∘

latitudes, we predict a 20%-30% energy gain for fixed-tilt bifacial over monofacial modules and an additional 20%–40% gain for single-axis bifacial tracking. Compound systems such as agrophotovoltaics and floating PV applications may be the possible future for a sustainable merger of food-water-energy systems. We show a competing relation between active light collection on crops and energy yield in an agrophotovoltaics system vs panel density—the final design will be decided by the crop yield or light usage efficacy constraint. The output reliability in terms of soiling and module degradation is also explained in this paper. Solar farms are expected to see 2%–5% loss in revenue in Asia and the Middle East even after optimal cleaning. Additionally, the bifacial modules degrade ∼0.5%–0.6%/year. While there have been several physics-based degradation analyses, the bifacial technology lacks a large enough data set of long-term degradation studies for accurate predictions. The combined economics of reliability against yield will decide the viability of the next generation bifacial PV industry.
Effects of polycrystalline GeO2 substrates on the structural, optical and electrical properties of ZnSe thin films
Authors: Algarni Sabah E , Qasrawi A F , Khusayfan Najla M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Herein, the effects of polycrystalline germanium dioxide substrates on the structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of zinc selenide thin films are reported. Thin films of ZnSe coated onto GeO2 are prepared by the thermal evaporation technique under vacuum pressure of 10–5 mbar. Compared to films grown onto glass substrates, ZnSe films deposited onto GeO2 exhibited narrower band gap and improved light absorbability. When ZnSe films are recoated onto gold substrates, the insertion of GeO2 layers between Au and ZnSe shifted the resonance peaks of the capacitance spectra from 527 to 711 MHz and formed new peak at 1000 MHz making the Au/ZnSe interfaces more appropriate for use as microwave cavities and as negative capacitance sources. Analysis of the conductivity spectra in the frequency domain of 10–1800 MHz revealed the domination of quantum mechanical tunneling and correlated barriers hoping of charge carriers in the samples. The fitting of the conductivity spectra assuming combined current conduction by these two mechanisms has shown that GeO2 layers increased the density of state near the Fermi level and shortened the scattering time of charge carriers. The designed Au/GeO2/ZnSe/C devices are also found to be suitable as band pass/stop filters. The notch frequency of these filters is shifted from 1420 MHz to 1050 MHz as a result of GeO2 participation in the structure of the Au/ZnSe devices.
The Hubble tension in light of the Full-Shape analysis of Large-Scale Structure data
Authors: D'Amico Guido , Senatore Leonardo , Zhang Pierre , Zheng Henry 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The disagreement between direct late-time measurements of the Hubble constant from the SH0ES collaboration, and early-universe measurements based on the ΛCDM model from the Planck collaboration might, at least in principle, be explained by new physics in the early universe. Recently, the application of the Effective Field Theory of Large-Scale Structure to the full shape of the power spectrum of the SDSS/BOSS data has revealed a new, rather powerful, way to measure the Hubble constant and the other cosmological parameters from Large-Scale Structure surveys. In light of this, we analyze two models for early universe physics, Early Dark Energy and Rock 'n' Roll, that were designed to significantly ameliorate the Hubble tension. Upon including the information from the full shape to the Planck, BAO, and Supernovae measurements, we find that the degeneracies in the cosmological parameters that were introduced by these models are well broken by the data, so that these two models do not significantly ameliorate the tension.
Modeling and character analyzing of multiple fractional-order memcapacitors in parallel connection
Authors: Xu Xiang , Si Gangquan , Guo Zhang , Oresanya Babajide Oluwatosin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Recently, the memory elements-based circuits have been addressed frequently in the nonlinear circuit theory due to their unique behaviors. Thus, the modeling and characterizing of the mem-elements become essential. In this paper, the analysis of the multiple fractional-order voltage-controlled memcapacitors model in parallel connection is studied. Firstly, two fractional-order memcapacitors are connected in parallel, the equivalent model is derived, and the characteristic of the equivalent memcapacitor is analyzed in positive or negative connection. Then a new understanding manner according to different rate factor K and fractional order α is derived to explain the equivalent modeling structure conveniently. Additionally, the negative order appears, which is a consequence of the combination of memcapacitors in different directions. Meanwhile, the equivalent parallel memcapacitance has been drawn to determine that multiple fractional-order memcapacitors could be calculated as one composite memcapacitor. Thus, an arbitrary fractional-order equivalent memcapacitor could be constructed by multiple fractional-order memcapacitors.