bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing microalgal oil production for an outdoor photobioreactor
Authors: Norsker Niels-Henrik , Cuaresma Maria , Uronen Pauliina , Barbosa Maria J. , Wijffels René 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper the preparations are described to develop a production of oil rich microalgal biomass under south European conditions. Ten microalgal species were compared in shake flasks in an incubator for potential for oil production. Potential oil production capacity was assayed as maximum total fatty acid (TFA) concentration and volumetric TFA productivity. TFA concentration ranged from 5 to 40% DW while TFA productivity rate ranged from 0 to 204 mg TFA L−1 day−1. To control the oil enrichment process in the outdoor microalgal batch culture, a quadratic equation was proposed, predicting the TFA concentration based on biomass inverse nitrogen quota. A concentrated substrate was developed to add to sea water, made from natural sea-salt and tap water.
Largest Family Without a Pair of Posets on Consecutive Levels of the Boolean Lattice
Authors: Katona Gyula O. H. , Xiao Jimeng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSuppose k ≥ 2 is an integer. Let Yk be the poset with elements x1,x2,y1,y2,…,yk− 1 such that y1 < y2 < ⋯ < yk− 1 < x1,x2 and let $Y_{k}^{\prime }$

Y

k

′

be the same poset but all relations reversed. We say that a family of subsets of [n] contains a copy of Yk on consecutive levels if it contains k + 1 subsets F1,F2,G1,G2,…,Gk− 1 such that G1 ⊂ G2 ⊂⋯ ⊂ Gk− 1 ⊂ F1,F2 and |F1| = |F2| = |Gk− 1| + 1 = |Gk− 2| + 2 = ⋯ = |G1| + k − 1. If both Yk and $Y^{\prime }_{k}$

Y

k

′

on consecutive levels are forbidden, the size of the largest such family is denoted by $\text {La}_{\mathrm {c}}\left (n, Y_{k}, Y^{\prime }_{k}\right )$

La

c

n
,

Y

k

,

Y

k

′

. In this paper, we will determine the exact value of $\text {La}_{\mathrm {c}}\left (n, Y_{k}, Y^{\prime }_{k}\right )$

La

c

n
,

Y

k

,

Y

k

′

.
How does tautomerization affect the excited-state dynamics of an amino acid-derivatized corrole?
Authors: Clark John A. , Orłowski Rafał , Derr James B. , Espinoza Eli M. , Gryko Daniel T. , Vullev Valentine I. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the first two decades of the XXI century, corroles have emerged as an important class of porphyrinoids for photonics and biomedical photonics. In comparison with porphyrins, corroles have lower molecular symmetry and higher electron density, which leads to uniquely complementary properties. In macrocycles of free-base corroles, for example, three protons are distributed among four pyrrole nitrogens. It results in distinct tautomers that have different thermodynamic energies. Herein, we focus on the excited-state dynamics of a corrole modified with l-phenylalanine. The tautomerization in the singlet-excited state occurs in the timescales of about 10–100 picoseconds and exhibits substantial kinetic isotope effects. It, however, does not discernably affect nanosecond deactivation of the photoexcited corrole and its basic photophysics. Nevertheless, this excited-state tautomerization dynamics can strongly affect photoinduced processes with comparable or shorter timescales, considering the 100-meV energy differences between the tautomers in the excited state. The effects on the kinetics of charge transfer and energy transfer, initiated prior to reaching the equilibrium thermalization of the excited-state tautomer population, can be indeed substantial. Such considerations are crucially important in the design of systems for artificial photosynthesis and other forms of energy conversion and charge transduction.
A puzzle about laws and explanation
Authors: Jaag Siegfried 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we argue that the popular claim that laws of nature explain their instances (explanatory laws) creates a philosophical puzzle when it is combined with the widely held requirement that explanations need to be underpinned by ‘wordly’ relations (explanatory realism). We argue that a “direct solution” to the puzzle that accounts for bothexplanatory lawsandexplanatory realismrequires endorsing at least a radical metaphysics. Then, we examine the ramifications of a “skeptical solution”, i.e., dissolving it by giving up at least one of these two claims, and argue that adopting it is more favorable to Humean reductionists than to anti-reductionists about laws of nature.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Asthma: More Than Chance?
Authors: Pepito Donna L. , Mohammed Jamal M. , Hardin Kimberly A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To discuss the current evidence regarding the association and mechanistic interaction between asthma and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Recent Findings
The co-existence of OSA is highly prevalent in asthmatics and significantly associated with increased severity, decreased control, more frequent exacerbations, and hospitalizations despite medical management. Pre-existing asthma may also be a risk factor for new onset OSA. Rhinitis, obesity, and gastro-esophageal reflux are risk factors in both conditions. The obese asthmatic with OSA may present a unique phenotype. Positive airway pressure in severe asthma improves outcomes.

Summary
Pathophysiologic mechanisms and co-morbidities overlap between OSA and asthma, but the exact link has yet to be confirmed. Screening for OSA is recommended in those with severe asthma. Further investigations are needed to delineate the cellular processes with therapeutic targets. Similarly, prospective investigations are needed to evaluate the longitudinal relationship in pre-existing asthma and the development of OSA.
Dynamic friction energy dissipation and enhanced contrast in high frequency bimodal atomic force microscopy
Authors: Tan Xinfeng , Guo Dan , Luo Jianbin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDynamic friction occurs not only between two contact objects sliding against each other, but also between two relative sliding surfaces several nanometres apart. Many emerging micro- and nano-mechanical systems that promise new applications in sensors or information technology may suffer or benefit from noncontact friction. Herein we demonstrate the distance-dependent friction energy dissipation between the tip and the heterogeneous polymers by the bimodal atomic force microscopy (AFM) method driving the second order flexural and the first order torsional vibration simultaneously. The pull-in problem caused by the attractive force is avoided, and the friction dissipation can be imaged near the surface. The friction dissipation coefficient concept is proposed and three different contact states are determined from phase and energy dissipation curves. Image contrast is enhanced in the intermediate setpoint region. The work offers an effective method for directly detecting the friction dissipation and high resolution images, which overcomes the disadvantages of existing methods such as contact mode AFM or other contact friction and wear measuring instruments.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Radial Ray Defect Associated with Fanconi Anemia: a Case Report
Authors: Bhatt Reema Kumar , Dwivedi Aradhana , Dua Ratna Puri , Singh L. B. , Kulshrestha Samarth 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder with multisystem involvement. Confirmatory genetic testing is possible by diagnostic clues on examination of the proband within the differential diagnosis. We describe a fetus with radial ray defect in a primigravida. Cytogenetic testing for breakages confirmed Fanconi anemia as the etiology. Molecular testing by next generation sequencing did not reveal a point change in any of the twenty-one genes known to be associated with FA. A confirmed fetal autopsy phenotype and the cytogenetic report allowed for the identification of a homozygous deletion of exon 4–6 in the FANCC gene on re-analysis of the molecular dataset. This case exemplifies the utility of a step wise approach to the diagnosis of prenatally diagnosed radial ray defects and the importance of genetic counseling and prenatal testing.
Generative adversarial network guided mutual learning based synchronization of cluster of neural networks
Authors: Sarkar Arindam 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNeural synchronization is a technique for establishing the cryptographic key exchange protocol over a public channel. Two neural networks receive common inputs and exchange their outputs. In some steps, it leads to full synchronization by setting the discrete weights according to the specific rule of learning. This synchronized weight is used as a common secret session key. But there are seldom research is done to investigate the synchronization of a cluster of neural networks. In this paper, a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)-based synchronization of a cluster of neural networks with three hidden layers is proposed for the development of the public-key exchange protocol. This paper highlights a variety of interesting improvements to traditional GAN architecture. Here GAN is used for Pseudo-Random Number Generators (PRNG) for neural synchronization. Each neural network is considered as a node of a binary tree framework. When bothi-th andj-th nodes of the binary tree are synchronized then one of these two nodes is elected as a leader. Now, this leader node will synchronize with the leader of the other branch. After completion of this process synchronized weight becomes the session key for the whole cluster. This proposed technique has several advantages like (1) There is no need to synchronize one neural network to every other in the cluster instead of that entire cluster can be able to share the same secret key by synchronizing between the elected leader nodes with only logarithmic synchronization steps. (2) This proposed technology provides GAN-based PRNG which is very sensitive to the initial seed value. (3) Three hidden layers leads to the complex internal architecture of the Tree Parity Machine (TPM). So, it will be difficult for the attacker to guess the internal architecture. (4) An increase in the weight range of the neural network increases the complexity of a successful attack exponentially but the effort to build the neural key decreases over the polynomial time. (5) The proposed technique also offers synchronization and authentication steps in parallel. It is difficult for the attacker to distinguish between synchronization and authentication steps. This proposed technique has been passed through different parametric tests. Simulations of the process show effectiveness in terms of cited results in the paper.
A new approach for automated measuring of the melt pool geometry in laser-powder bed fusion
Authors: Schmid Simon , Krabusch Johannes , Schromm Thomas , Jieqing Shi , Ziegelmeier Stefan , Grosse Christian Ulrich , Schleifenbaum Johannes Henrich 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) offers unique possibilities in comparison to conventional manufacturing processes. For example, complex parts can be manufactured without tools. For metals, the most commonly used AM process is laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF). The L-PBF process is prone to process disturbances, hence maintaining a consistent part quality remains an important subject within current research. An established indicator for quantifying process changes is the dimension of melt pools, which depends on the energy input and the cooling conditions. The melt pool geometry is normally measured manually in cross sections of solidified welding seams. This paper introduces a new approach for the automated visual measuring of melt pools in cross-sections of parts manufactured by L-PBF. The melt pools are first segmented in the images and are then measured. Since the melt pools have a heterogeneous appearance, segmentation with common digital image processing is difficult, deep learning was applied in this project. With the presented approach, the melt pools can be measured over the whole cross section of the specimen. Furthermore, remelted melt pools, which are only partly visible, are evaluated. With this automated approach, a high number of melt pools in each cross-section can be measured, which allows the examination of trends over the build direction in a specimen and results in better statistics. Furthermore, deviations in the energy input can be estimated via the measured melt pool dimensions.
Association of Nonmedical Switches in Inhaled Respiratory Medications with Disruptions in Care: A Retrospective Prescription Claims Database Analysis
Authors: Gilbert Ileen , Aslam Mahmood Aanam , Devane Katie , Tan Laren 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction
There are limited data on the effects of forced medication switching for a nonmedical reason in patients with obstructive airway conditions. This study evaluated disruption in care resulting from a nonmedical medication switch for patients with asthma and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who previously received the inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β2-agonist budesonide/formoterol.

Methods
This retrospective pharmacy benefit prescription claims analysis evaluated Medicare Part D patients who filled a prescription for budesonide/formoterol as their last inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β2-agonist in 2016 and were affected by a formulary block of budesonide/formoterol in 2017. Changes to respiratory maintenance therapy, length of gaps in care during which a patient was not in possession of a respiratory controller medication, acute medication use indicative of disease exacerbations, and medication adherence were assessed.

Results
A total of 42,553 patients were included in the analysis. Following the formulary block, 30,016 patients (71%) switched to another controller; 20,628 of these patients (69%) switched to a new inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β2-agonist, 7081 (23%) stepped down to a monotherapy, and 2307 (8%) switched to a non-inhaled corticosteroid-containing controller. Despite the formulary block, 22,903 patients (54%) attempted to fill budesonide/formoterol as their first postblock controller, and 6624 patients (16%) attempted to return to budesonide/formoterol after switching to another controller. On average, patients experienced a gap in care of approximately 4 months without a controller medication. Also, 9674 (23%) did not fill any controller over the 1-year postblock period. Of those patients who experienced a gap in care, 14,926 (47%) filled a prescription indicative of a possible exacerbation during the gap period (i.e., oral corticosteroids for patients with asthma and oral corticosteroids and/or antibiotics for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease).

Conclusions
The Medicare Part D formulary block was associated with disruption in the management of patients’ respiratory conditions and may have adversely impacted disease control.
COVID-19 Pandemic, Transparency, and “Polidemic” in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Kang Cheol , Lee Ilhak 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article examines the development of the Republic of Korea’s strategy to prevent the spread of COVID-19 with particular focus on ethical issues and the problem of politicization of public communication. Using prominent examples of stakeholders who have acted and expressed themselves in highly contradictory ways on the topic of the pandemic, we provide an analysis of how the public health policy discourse has entered into the realm of politicization and elaborate on the danger that this phenomenon poses in terms of rational debate and appropriate policy measures geared toward the public’s safety. Considering the role that the Republic of Korea have had in global media coverage of quarantine policies and epidemic prevention, we believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because it provides a new perspective and insights into the forces at work within and around a prevention strategy that has both been lauded and seen as highly controversial.
VC: a method for estimating time-varying coefficients in linear models
Authors: Schlicht Ekkehart 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper describes a moments estimator for a standard state-space model with coefficients generated by a random walk. The method calculates the conditional expectations of the coefficients, given the observations. A penalized least squares estimation is linked to the GLS (Aitken) estimates of the corresponding linear model with time-invariant parameters. The estimates are moments estimates. They do not require the disturbances to be Gaussian, but if they are, the estimates are asymptotically equivalent to maximum likelihood estimates. In contrast to Kalman filtering, no specification of an initial state or an initial covariance matrix is required. While the Kalman filter is one sided, the filter proposed here is two sided and therefore uses more of the available information for estimating intermediate states. Further, the proposed filter has a clear descriptive interpretation.
Estimating the potential impact of climate change on sunflower yield in the Konya province of Turkey
Authors: Gurkan Hudaverdi , Shelia Vakhtang , Bayraktar Nilgun , Ersoy Yildirim Y. , Yesilekin Nebi , Gunduz Arzu , Boote Kenneth , Porter Cheryl , Hoogenboom Gerrit 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe impact of climate change on agricultural productivity is difficult to assess. However, determining the possible effects of climate change is an absolute necessity for planning by decision-makers. The aim of the study was the evaluation of the CSM-CROPGRO-Sunflower model of DSSAT4.7 and the assessment of impact of climate change on sunflower yield under future climate projections. For this purpose, a 2-year sunflower field experiment was conducted under semi-arid conditions in the Konya province of Turkey. Rainfed and irrigated treatments were used for model analysis. For the assessment of impact of climate change, three global climate models and two representative concentration pathways, i.e. 4.5 and 8.5 were selected. The evaluation of the model showed that the model was able to simulate yield reasonably well, with normalized root mean square error of 1.3% for the irrigated treatment and 17.7% for the rainfed treatment, a d-index of 0.98 and a modelling efficiency of 0.93 for the overall model performance. For the climate change scenarios, the model predicted that yield will decrease in a range of 2.9–39.6% under rainfed conditions and will increase in a range of 7.4–38.5% under irrigated conditions. Results suggest that temperature increases due to climate change will cause a shortening of plant growth cycles. Projection results also confirmed that increasing temperatures due to climate change will cause an increase in sunflower water requirements in the future. Thus, the results reveal the necessity to apply adequate water management strategies for adaptation to climate change for sunflower production.
Long-pulse plasma source for SMOLA helical mirror
Authors: Ivanov Ivan A. , Ustyuzhanin V. O. , Sudnikov A. V. , Inzhevatkina A. 
Published: March 2021

A plasma gun for forming a plasma stream in the open magnetic mirror trap with additional helicoidal field SMOLA is described. The plasma gun is an axisymmetric system with a planar circular hot cathode based on lanthanum hexaboride and a hollow copper anode. The two planar coils are located around the plasma source and create a magnetic field of up to 200 mT. The magnetic field forms the magnetron configuration of the discharge and provides a radial electric insulation. The source typically operates with a discharge current of up to 350 A in hydrogen. Plasma parameters in the SMOLA device are Ti ~ 5 eV, Te ~ 5–40 eV and ni ~ (0.1–1) × 1019 m−3. Helium plasma can also be created. The plasma properties depend on the whole group of initial technical parameters: the cathode temperature, the feeding gas flow, the anode-cathode supply voltage and the magnitude of the cathode magnetic insulation.
Climate change refugia: landscape, stand and tree-scale microclimates in epiphyte community composition
Authors: Ellis Christopher J. , Eaton Sally 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere is growing evidence that species and communities are responding to, and will continue to be affected by, climate change. For species at risk, vulnerability can be reduced by ensuring that their habitat is extensive, connected and provides opportunities for dispersal and/or gene flow, facilitating a biological response through migration or adaptation. For woodland epiphytes, vulnerability might also be reduced by ensuring sufficient habitat heterogeneity, so that microhabitats provide suitable local microclimates, even as the larger scale climate continues to change (i.e. microrefugia). This study used fuzzy set ordination to compare bryophyte and lichen epiphyte community composition to a large-scale gradient from an oceanic to a relatively more continental macroclimate. The residuals from this relationship identified microhabitats in which species composition reflected a climate that was more oceanic or more continental than would be expected given the prevailing macroclimate. Comparing these residuals to features that operate at different scales to create the microclimate (landscape, stand and tree-scale), it was possible to identify how one might engineer microrefugia into existing or new woodland, in order to reduce epiphyte vulnerability to climate change. Multimodel inference was used to identify the most important features for consideration, which included local effects such as height on the bole, angle of bole lean and bark water holding capacity, as well as tree species and tree age, and within the landscape, topographic wetness and physical exposure.
Self-reported and mother-rated personality traits at age 16 are associated with cognitive function measured concurrently and 30 years later
Authors: Sutin Angelina R. , Stephan Yannick , Luchetti Martina , Aschwanden Damaris , Sesker Amanda A. , O'Súilleabháin Páraic S. , Terracciano Antonio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundModels of personality and health suggest that personality contributes to health outcomes across adulthood. Personality traits, such as neuroticism and conscientiousness, have long-term predictive power for cognitive impairment in older adulthood, a critical health outcome. Less is known about whether personality measured earlier in life is also associated with cognition across adulthood prior to dementia.MethodsUsing data from the British Cohort Study 1970 (N = 4218; 58% female), the current research examined the relation between self-reported and mother-rated personality at age 16 and cognitive function concurrently at age 16 and cognitive function measured 30 years later at age 46, and whether these traits mediate the relation between childhood social class and midlife cognition.ResultsSelf-reported and mother-rated conscientiousness at age 16 were each associated with every cognitive measure at age 16 and most measures at age 46. Self-reported openness was likewise associated with better cognitive performance on all tasks at age 16 and prospectively predicted age 46 performance (mothers did not rate openness). Mother-rated agreeableness, but not self-reported, was associated with better cognitive performance at both time points. Adolescent personality mediated the relation between childhood social class and midlife cognitive function.ConclusionsThe current study advances personality and cognition by showing that (1) adolescent personality predicts midlife cognition 30 years later, (2) both self-reports and mother-ratings are important sources of information on personality associated with midlife cognition, and (3) adolescent personality may be one pathway through which the early life socioeconomic environment is associated with midlife cognition.