bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NORDHAUS – GADDUM TYPE RESULTS FOR WIENER LIKE INDICES OF GRAPHS
Authors: V. KALADEVI R. BHUVANESHWARI, 
Published: February 2021

A Nordhaus - Gaddum type result is a lower or upper bound on sum or product of a parameter of a graph and its complement. This concept was introduced in 1956 by Nordhaus E. A., Gaddum J. W. Generalized Wiener like indices such as wiener index, Detour index, Reciprocal- wiener index, Harary- wiener index, Hyper- wiener index, Reciprocal- Detour index, Harary- Detour index and Hyper- Detour index have been studied in graph theory. In this paper, Nordhaus – Gaddum type results of these indices for k-Sun graph and four regular graph are presented.
Quality Assessment of Indian Universities: An Analytical Study of NAAC Accreditation Scores
Authors: S Srinivasaragavan Ravikumar K, Sasmitarani Samanta, Amiya Kumar Rath, 
Published: February 2021

This paper reveals that the performance and quality enhancement initiatives of Indian Universities based on the accreditation scores attained through the NAAC assessment process in terms of Criteria wise analysis, Region wise analysis and State wise analysis of Universities have been made. It is observed that average CGPA for the five regions of the country, Southern region is dominant with 3.07, which is followed by North Eastern region Universities with average CGPA of 3.04. Analysis through region wise, the performance of Universities is in the Eastern region is low as per the RAF of NAAC accreditation. Analysis through region wise, It would reveal that among the State Universities, Northern region have got higher score of CGPA (2.94), which is followed by Western region (2.93) and Southern region (2.90).In general observation is that the accredited State Universities are didn’t performing well. Since no region would acquire the CGPA of 3.0 and all India CGPA is 2.85, it shows the dissimilarities among the Universities in terms of performance quality with regard to all criterion. It is quiet surprise to know that the average CGPA of Research, Consultancy, and Extensions (3) is very much low with 2.65 compare with other criterions. Being the Universities, they need to make emphasize on enhancing the quality of research. The largest share of accredited institutions are from Western and Northeastern region. In general, the response from the university sector is better compared to that from the college sector.
THE WORLDVIEW OF THE CHARACTERS AND UPDATING OF METAPHORS IN THE TEXT
Authors: Shokhrukhovna Ulugova Shohida 
Published: February 2021

This article examines the use of metaphors in the text of works of art. In particular, based on the material of the novel by Charlotte Bronte “Jane Eyre”, using conceptual metaphors that reflect the mental state of a person, the inner world, worldview, and attitude to life of the main characters of the work, such as Jane, Rochester and John, are revealed, and the similarities and differences of their character are shown.
In the article, the main position is taken by the question of the degree of representation of persons-conceptualizers who perceive the world picture in metaphors. This makes it possible to study the problem and collect information about the characters in the work, including the cognitive activity of Jane Eyre.
Ultimately, the analysis of metaphor, actualized in the speech of the main characters of the novel, it became apparent that these expressions, along with a reflection of the attitude to life characters, give impetus to the formation of metaphors. In particular, the expansion of the semantic scope of metaphorical expressions used by Jane is a product of the development of her cognitive abilities and capabilities based on increasing life experience.
A Review of Importance of Premarital Checkup and Counselling among Young Adults
Authors: More Pratik 
Published: February 2021

Premarital screening includes performing tests on the couples who are planning to get married soon,to identify common inherited disorders, infectious diseases, fertility issues, cancers etc. in them to help them identify potential health risks for themselves. It also aims at providing medical consultation to the couples on the probabilities of transmitting these risks to their children.
This study is aimed at understanding the awareness and importance of premarital screening among young adults (age 21-30 years) based out of Maharashtra state, India. This paper will also give insights about the preference for types of tests that are included in premarital screening, need for premarital counselling and the time duration for undertaking premarital screening and counselling
Dispositional Factors Among Youth: An Examination of their Relationship to Academic Achievement in a Collectivistic Tight Culture
Authors: Rim Chakraoui Ramzi Nasser, Lakshmi Narayanan, 
Published: February 2021

With globalization and increasing interdependence between countries, cross-cultural differences between collectivistic and individualistic cultures have become a topic of increasing interest. In this study we examine the predictive validity of dispositional factors in a cross-cultural context. Three dispositional factors: Emotional Intelligence, Locus of Control and Self-Esteem were examined in the collectivistic and socially oriented culture of Oman. This study statistically assessed the prediction power of the three dispositional factors on academic achievement. A sample of 545 university students from a private university in Oman were surveyed. The findings show a strong correlation between Self-Esteem variables and grade point average. A significant finding in our study was that Self-Esteem was negatively related to achievement. The interpretation of the negative relation suggests that in tight cultures, individuals may negatively self-rate their Self-Esteem to compensate for the high achievement in their collective social context. This study has several important implications for future research in understanding the dynamics and predictability of personality and disposition in a collectivistic culture
Analysis Of Constructive Learning Models In Forming Religious Characters Of Early Childhood
Authors: Elindra Yetti Mulyati, Tjipto Sumadi, 
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the development of learning models that can stimulate students to interpret every learning activity in shaping the character of early childhood. The research method is a qualitative method in which the researcher captures the phenomenon of the development of religious and moral values of early childhood is only limited to habituation and the discovery of data that the teacher does not compile a special program of character development in learning. The study was conducted in Jakarta with 60 samples consisting of University students Open early childhood education programs majors who are early childhood education programs teachers in DKI Jakarta. Data analysis techniques from interviews, observation and questionnaire distribution and also documentation. The results of the study stated that a constructive learning model is needed that is able to give meaning to the learning process in character development
The Impact of Distance Learning Requirements in Achieving Learning Outcomes During COVID- 19 Pandemic A study at Private Jordanian universities
Authors: Dr.  Sahar Abu Bakir Dr.  Basem Barqawi, 
Published: February 2021

Despite that the system of higher education has been greatly affecting during the crisis of COVID-19, the Higher Education institutions forced to adapt to the new situation quickly and change the models of education from traditional system to distance learning system because of the increasing of student enrollments. Although there are different systems of Distance Learning which helps students get their education, still doubts of achieving the planed learning outcomes.
The aim of this paper is to try understand the most requirements needed to build a good distance learning system, and to know the impact of distance learning requirements in achieving learning outcomes during COVID-19 at the private Jordanian universities.
The results revealed that the Jordanian Private Universities operating at Amman are aware of the importance of distance learning requirements (The Human Resources, the Infrastructure, the Academic, the Financial, and the Managerial). And the learning outcomes (the knowledge, skills and competencies) were achieved by using distance learning as a substitute of face to face education.
For this purposes a purposive sample was selected consisted of (11) Universities that are operating at AmmanGovernorate, and the sampling unit was consisted of those who occupied the positions of dean and head of academic department in the (11) universities, and their number reached (235).
The most important recommendation of this paper is to strengthen the human resources, the infrastructure and the academic requirements, and to get attention more to the financial and the managerial requirements on achieving leaning outcomes.
Validation of Family Functioning Questionnaire (FFQ) with a Sample of Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Addis Ababa
Authors: Bhatara Mohit Tadele Zebrea, Belay Tefera, 
Published: February 2021

Contextually validated measures of family functioning of parents with special needs are unavailable in Ethiopia. This study was aimed to validate the Amharic version of the Family Functioning Questionnaire (FFQ) with evidence from community samples of families of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (n=72). Having translated the FFQ into Amharic, then the validation processes of assessing the psychometric properties (validity and reliability) of the instrument were conducted using experts’ judgments, factor analysis, and internal consistency measures. The face and content validity assessments resulted in a measure that lends itself to the construct it intends to measure. The principal component factor analysis brought out two factors ( problem-solving and personal goal) with the majority of items demonstrated a factor loading above 0.5. The convergent validity of the FFQ was demonstrated via the Dyadic Adjustment Scale in which the observed significant intercorrelations suggested a strong construct validity of the Amharic FFQ. The internal consistency of the scale was also good, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.82 for the whole scale and 0.91 and 0.82 for the problem-solving and personal goal sub-scales respectively. Hence, the Amharic version of the FFQ can be used for measuring the quality of family functioning in families of children with developmental disorders in the Ethiopian context.
Issues concerning Romanian demographic school population
Authors: Pet Elena , MILIN Ioana Anda , Merce Iuliana Ioana , Brad Ioan , Petroman Cornelia 
Published: February 2021

The evolution of demographic phenomena of the last two decades is characterised by the need to maintain low fertility, the slight increase in life expectancy at birth, high percentage of infant mortality and negative balance of external migration, all of which have led to the decrease in the population of our country Romania. Between the two censuses (2002 and 2011), Romania’s stable population decreased by 1.6 million. The population of students in all levels of the educational system has been reduced as a result. This paper analyses the main demographic issues facing Romania, its effect on the current school population and its long-term perspective. Using quantitative data that were derived from certified institutions and national documents, this study made a review of the literature of student population between the years 2002 and 2011 and a forecast for the following decades. One of the findings is that there is an increase in the ageing population. Recommendations are made at the end of the study.

Keywords: Demography, education, school age.
Empowering business education students for decent work and productive employment: Nigeria example
Authors: Alao Olusegun Ezekiel , Afuape Ismaheel  Haruna , Taiwo Alimot , Muraina Quadri Olamilekan 
Published: February 2021

The prevailing occurrences of social, economic and environmental challenges have created enormous responsibility for the education sector towards achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs 2030) in developing nations. Therefore, this study was carried out to examine the extent students of business education have been empowered for decent work and productive employment for all through proper awareness and innovative instructional strategies. The study adopts a descriptive survey design and formulated relevant research questions and hypotheses. A sample of 159 final-year students of Business Education at federal and state colleges of education in Lagos, Nigeria, were selected from the population using random, purposive and stratified sampling techniques. The research instrument used was a structured questionnaire. The internal consistency of the research instrument using Cronbach’s alpha correlation coefficient yielded an average index of 0.76. The statistical tools used for analysing the data for research questions and hypotheses are mean and t-test, respectively, at a 0.05 level of significance. The study found that innovative instructional strategies for decent work and productive employment for all were not practically employed. In addition, students lacked proper orientation about the SDGs 2030. Review of curriculum content and the instructional strategies are parts of the recommendations.

Keywords: Business education students, instructional strategies, decent work, productive employment, orientation.
‘STORY PYRAMID’: AN INOVATION OF ENGLISH TEACHING STRATEGY IN PROMOTING STUDENTS’ READING SKILL
Authors: Rahmawati Eulis 
Published: February 2021

Some problems are faced by students in reading of English text. The interesting strategy is needed to teach them. Story Pyramid Strategyis one of strategies to teach reading comprehension. This strategy forces students to review and summarize the main points of a story. The research aimed at knowing the effectiveness of using story pyramid strategy in teaching narrative text toward students’ reading comprehension was conducted in SMAN 1 Serang. The research design of this reseacrh was quasi experimental research with quantitative approach. The research finding showed that Story Pyramid Strategy is effective in teaching narrative text toward students’ reading comprehension to Senior High School.
Pengendalian Waktu Produksi Balok Girder Dengan Menggunakan Metode CPM dan LoB
Authors: Christofer Christofer , Anisah Anisah , Purnomo Adhi 
Published: February 2021

This research is purpose to control time in Girder beam production using CPM (Criticial Paht Method) and LoB (Line of Balance) to get maximum productions amount with time adaptability precisely. This research is using count method and management of secondary and primary data that illustrated to graphic and diagram. Case study at project of building the overpass LRT (Light Rail Transit), to productions girder beam at PT. Adhi Karya Factory Precast Sentul. The result of this research shows that productions capability girder beam increase as much 21 unit girder beam per mount with speed track 59,4268 unit per hour, balance delay 42,3678 %, line efficiency 42,267 with time cycle that using is 68,5 hour in first cycle, 69 hours in second cycle, 69 hours in third cycle, 69 hours in fourth cycle and having waiting time that happen to every trun of cycle is one hour. So that the result of research can declare is happen productions acceleration with using CPM (Criticial Paht Method) and LoB (Line of Balance) is 10 hour per mount.
En Bloc Resection for a Malignant Spine Tumor After Balloon Kyphoplasty: Histological Findings of a Retrieved Vertebral Body
Authors: Toda Yu , Matsumoto Yoshihiro , Morimoto Tadatsugu , Mawatari Masaaki , Oda Yoshinao , Nakashima Yasuharu 
Published: February 2021

Case:
A 45-year-old woman with severe back pain underwent percutaneous curettage and balloon kyphoplasty (BKP) of a lesion believed to be aneurysmal bone cyst. Three months after BKP, local recurrence was observed, and the histological diagnosis was revised to malignant tumor. Thus, we performed a total en bloc spondylectomy, and the L3 vertebral body was resected. She was reconstructed by titanium expandable cage, rod, and pedicle screws. We observed viable tumor cells and foreign body reaction adjacent to the polymethylmethacrylate cement, carrying no bone necrosis.

Conclusions:
The long-term durability and safety of BKP for metastatic spine disease should be further clarified.
Personal Finance Primer for the Future Orthopaedic Surgeon: A Starting Point
Authors: Ramme Austin J. , Patel Milan , Patel Karan A. , Montag William H. , Schau Anthony J. , Sabo Stephan I. , Bedi Asheesh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The level of financial literacy varies among orthopaedic trainees. Personal finance ideally should be taught before accepting student loans; however, when this has not happened, it is imperative that trainees start taking their personal finances seriously. Many trainees are faced with large amounts of student debt and struggle with how to manage a large salary increase in their first job. This can lead to poor financial decisions including insufficient savings. The authors provide a comprehensive viewpoint on personal finance for the orthopaedic trainee. In this article, we provide future orthopaedic surgeons with a framework for personal financial management as a starting point to understanding the financial concepts of budgeting, investment, debt management, mortgage, disability insurance, and life insurance.
Do Resident Surgical Volumes and Level of Training Correlate with Improved Performance on Psychomotor Skills Tasks: Construct Validity Testing of an ASSH Training Platform (STEP)?
Authors: Olson Jeffrey J. , Zhang Bo , Zhu Diana , Zheng Evan T. , Dyer George S.M. , Rozental Tamara D. , LaPorte Dawn M. 
Published: February 2021

Background:
The Surgical Training and Educational Platform (STEP) was developed by the American Society for Surgery of the Hand (ASSH) as a cost-effective set of surgical simulation modules designed to assess critical skills in hand surgery. Previous study demonstrated that STEP can differentiate between novice trainees and board-certified, certificate of added qualification hand surgeons. The purpose of this study was to assess construct validity of STEP by testing its ability to differentiate psychomotor skill level among intermediate trainees.

Methods:
We evaluated 30 residents from 2 orthopaedic residency programs on 8 modules: (1) lag screw fixation, (2) depth of plunge during bicortical drilling, (3) flexor tendon repair, (4) phalangeal fracture pinning, (5) central axis scaphoid fixation, (6) full-thickness skin graft harvest, (7) microsurgery, and (8) wrist arthroscopy. Spearman correlation was used to correlate total and task-specific scores to case log numbers, months in training, and number of hand surgery rotations.

Results:
Senior residents had significantly higher mean number of total cases in their total case log (mean difference 96.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 67.5-124.8, p < 0.01) and number of task-specific cases. Moderate correlation was observed between case log numbers and scaphoid fixation score (rs = 0.423, 95% CI 0.07-0.69) and total score (rs = 0.584, 95% CI 0.25-0.79). Moderate correlation was observed between months in training with: scaphoid fixation (rs = 0.377, 95% CI 0.01-0.66) and microsurgery (rs = 0.483, 95% CI 0.13-0.73); strong correlation was seen with total score (rs = 0.656, 95% CI 0.35-0.83). Moderate correlation with number of hand surgery rotations was observed with tendon repair (rs = 0.362, 95% CI −0.01 to 0.65), skin graft (rs = 0.385, 95% CI 0.01-0.66), wrist arthroscopy (rs = 0.391, 95% CI 0.02-0.67), microsurgery (rs = 0.461, 95% CI 0.10-0.71), and scaphoid fixation (rs = 0.578, 95% CI 0.25-0.79); and strong correlation was seen with total score (rs = 0.670, 95% CI 0.37-0.84).

Discussion/Conclusion:
The STEP is a validated ASSH education tool that provides a cost-effective simulation for the assessment of fundamental psychomotor skills in hand surgery. Total STEP score correlated with total task-related case volumes as well as months in training and number of hand rotations. Scoring could be modified to improve the fidelity of assessing surgical performance. And, while both time and human resource consuming to perform, administer, and score, this study demonstrates construct validity of STEP in assessing the progression of surgical skill through residency.
Pemanfaatan Metode Association Rules dan Holt-Winter Multiplicative untuk Meningkatkan Peluang Penjualan Obat Pertanian
Authors: Setiawan Dwi , Sediyono Eko , Sembiring Irwan 
Published: February 2021

The competition level between companies on executing product marketing is rapidly increasing, so the companies have to understand the importance of correlation between external environments of company with consumer’s needs. One of the efforts that can be done is by utilizing data warehouse and the application of infrastructure in information and technology field. This research combined Association Rules method to extracting pattern and finding every possibility that potential to increase sales and Holt-Winter Multiplicative method to estimate the alteration of trend on the seasonal data. After passed through data processing process by using RapidMiner tools, information that consists of correlation pattern between rule that describe the comparison of product and the sales working area and season that affects the product sale. The pattern used by company to know which product is often purchased by customer. Besides that, this research produces changing trend data of PT ABC’s product that generated by result of previous data comparison with forecast data. Based on value of error rate Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) in estimating forecast result on the PT ABC’s sales transaction data during 3 years, it shows good level of accuracy. Result of data test, by considering rule that formed and forecast result so the company can control and manage product in order to avoid incorrect sales. This thing will effect on repression of operational cost and PT ABC can identify available opportunities to increase sale of agricultural medicine.
The Potential Threat of The Sinaloa Cartel to Canada
Authors: Tung Gurpreet 
Published: February 2021

Since the first police bust of fentanyl in Canada in 2013, fentanyl may have become a more powerful and deadly drug than ever before (Howlett & Woo, n.d.). The Canadian healthcare system is likely impacted, with the likelihood of the situation worsening because of COVID-19. One of the possible reasons for this could be Canada’s role as a consumer in the supply chain of fentanyl. Accessibility to fentanyl is becoming easier with online purchases and delivery services, such as Canada Post (Brownell, 2019; Howlett & Woo, n.d.). This threat may continue as long as there is financial motivation for drug cartels, such as the Sinaloa cartel to transport fentanyl across borders with the assistance of China. Additionally, the success could potentially incite the production of more man-made synthetic drugs. Hence, in order to minimize this potential risk to Canadian communities, the direct impact Canada is facing must be addressed first.
APA Citation
Tung, G. (2020). The potential threat of the Sinaloa cartel to Canada: production and transportation of fentanyl. The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare, 3(2), 46-53. https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/2373/1811.