bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The first reported case of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia due to low‐frequency human platelet antigen‐6b antibodies in the United Kingdom
Authors: Hopkins Matthew , Brookes Jessica , Watson David , Wroe Elizabeth , Guthrie Pamela , Horler Jane , Anayattil Kurian , Calvert Anthony , Poles Anthony 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundNeonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT) is a potentially serious clinical condition caused by maternal alloantibodies directed to human platelet antigens (HPA), inherited from the father and expressed on fetal/neonatal platelets. We report a case of an otherwise well, full term child, with a profound thrombocytopenia (33 x 109/L). There was no bleeding or obvious explanation for the low platelet count. Samples were sent for the investigation of NAIT.MethodSerological investigations were performed on maternal serum taken at day (D)+4 and D+78. The platelet immunofluorescence test (PIFT) and monoclonal antibody immobilization of platelet antigens (MAIPA) assays were performed with a panel of HPA typed donor platelets and against paternal platelets in a crossmatch. HPA 1‐6, ‐9 and ‐15 and HLA genotyping was performed by in‐house PCR‐sequence based typing (SBT) and next generation sequencing (NGS).ResultsHPA antibody screening of D+4 maternal serum indicated that platelet‐specific antibodies were absent. HPA genotyping of the father and child revealed the presence of the low frequency HPA antigen (LFHPA), HPA‐6b, which was absent in the mother. Maternal samples were crossmatched against paternal platelets and were positive by PIFT and glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa and HLA class I in the MAIPA assay. The infant required no platelet transfusion support as the thrombocytopenia resolved spontaneously.DiscussionWe conclude that the positive crossmatch reaction was due to anti‐HPA‐6b alloantibodies. This case further emphasizes the importance of platelet crossmatching and HPA genotyping of LFHPA in cases where there is a high clinical suspicion of NAIT but initial screening is negative.
Fiscal incentives and land finance cycles of prefectures in China
Authors: Chiang Tsun‐Feng , Hou Jack , Tsai Pi‐Han 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLand finance has become one of the important major sources of fiscal revenue for Chinese local governments. The spatial allocation of land use constitutes a land‐leasing policy operation of local officials, contributing to local economic development and fluctuation. Applying data from 283 prefectural units from 2003 to 2012, this paper explores the existence of land finance cycles, focussing on the changes of the amount (as in ‘area’) of land‐leasing by negotiation or by auction. The empirical results suggest that land finance cycles synchronise with the PCCP (Provincial Congress of the Communist Party) cycles, in which a prefectural leader decreases the amount of land leased through negotiation and increases that of land leased through auction prior to the year of the PCCP. The findings of empirical results are consistent with the prediction of our theoretical model. Additionally, due to the existence of high uncertainty of prefectural leaders’ tenure and political turnover, the effect of prefectural leaders’ tenure on land finance cycles is more apparent in the early years of their tenure. The results indicate that Chinese leaders’ fiscal strategies are likely to be driven by career concerns for the purpose of maximising a measured economic performance and fiscal rents.
más temido de la migraña: el infarto migrañoso
Authors: Cardenas Cruz Andres Felipe , Coral Elza Juliana , Aguilera Peña Maria Paula , Santana Julian 
Published: June 2021

El infarto migrañoso se define como el ataque cerebro vascular (ACV) que ocurre durante un episodio de migraña con aura, cuyos síntomas se prolongan por más de 60 minutos tornándose persistentes y relacionándose con isquemia cerebral en neuroimágenes. A pesar de que la fisiopatología subyacente a la migraña como posible causa o factor de riesgo para presentar un ACV no está clara, el vasoespasmo y los cambios en el flujo sanguíneo son mecanismos que pueden explicar este fenómeno. La evidencia acumulada sugiere una asociación entre la migraña con aura y el riesgo de ACV, ataque isquémico transitorio (AIT) e incluso enfermedad coronaria, sin embargo, el aumento absoluto de riesgo es bajo.
Se presenta el caso de dos mujeres que consultaron al servicio de urgencias, con migraña con aura asociado a defectos campimétricos prolongados, en ambos casos se documentó mediante resonancia magnética lesiones isquémicas en el lóbulo occipital.
Síndrome de tuberías oxidadas y su implicación en la lactancia: presentación de caso y revisión narrativa de literatura
Authors: Villanueva Congote Juliana , Jaramillo Bernal Maria Camila , Sanabria Diana Catalina , Aljure Vicente De Jesús , Chala Saad Emilio 
Published: June 2021

Objetivos: Realizar el primer reporte de caso de Síndrome de Tuberías Oxidadas en Colombia, buscando brindar herramientas al personal de salud que permitan plantearse diagnósticos diferenciales en pacientes con telorrea sanguinolenta.
Reporte de caso: Paciente puerperal de 33 años en post parto vaginal eutócico quien presentó telorragia bilateral indolora en las primeras horas posteriores al parto. Se realizó coloración gram de la secreción, la cual mostro escasa reacción leucocitaria y cocos gram positivos. El ultrasonido mostró un BIRADS I. La telorrea resolvió espontáneamente. Se consideró que la paciente cursaba con un Síndrome de Tuberías Oxidadas.
Conclusiones: El Síndrome de tuberías oxidadas es una condición clínica poco conocida, que no suele estar dentro de los diagnósticos diferenciales en los casos de telorragia asociada a la lactancia. Las publicaciones a nivel latinoamericano son muy limitadas.
Palabras clave: Lactancia materna, leche humana, período posparto, trastornos puerperales (DeCs).
Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra innovación en el diagnóstico de la tuberculosis
Authors: Rodríguez Lugo Diego Andrés , Villamil Castañeda Lina Paola , Lasso Apraez Javier Iv´án , Garzón Herazo Javier Ricardo , Celis Preciado Carlos 
Published: June 2021

La tuberculosis es una enfermedad infecciosa con alta mortalidad a nivel global, considerándose un problema de salud pública. La dificultad para su diagnóstico, sobre todo en países de bajos y medianos ingresos limitan su erradicación. El Xpert MTB/RIF es una herramienta molecular que provee un diagnóstico rápido e informa sobre la presencia de cepas resistentes a la rifampicina, permitiendo iniciar un tratamiento de forma rápida y eficaz. Sin embargo, tiene problemas para el diagnóstico de casos paucibacilares y se han reportado falsos positivos respecto a la resistencia a rifampicina y en pacientes con antecedente de tuberculosis. Por esto, aparece el Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra, mostrando mejor sensibilidad para el diagnóstico de la tuberculosis, sobre todo en casos paucibacilares, y disminución de falsos positivos para resistencia a rifampicina; siendo la prueba molecular más recomendada por la OMS. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, se espera que mejore el diagnóstico de la enfermedad, dando la oportunidad de iniciar el tratamiento de forma oportuna. En este artículo de revisión se evaluarán retos por mejorar en el diagnóstico de la tuberculosis, características y rendimiento del Xpert MTB/RIF y Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra para formas pulmonares y extrapulmonares y para la detección de la resistencia a la rifampicina.
Disertación sobre la estimulación cordonal posterior para el tratamiento del dolor: revisión no sistemática de la literatura
Authors: Acevedo González Juan Carlos 
Published: June 2021

El dolor es uno de los síntomas (dolor agudo) y patologías (dolor crónico) que afectan más desde todo punto de vista a la población general y a la sociedad. Desde cualquier aspecto analizado los gastos emocionales y monetarios son inmensos. Cuando el dolor se convierte en crónico requiere tratamientos excepcionales que permiten un control adecuado de los síntomas. Entre los procedimientos utilizados para el control del dolor crónico en neurocirugía se encuentra la estimulación eléctrica continua de los cordones posteriores de la medula en el segmento en el cual se origina la sintomatología. Es un procedimiento estandarizado que se usa desde mitad de los años setenta y que ha demostrado una gran utilidad.
En este artículo buscamos presentar una narrativa realizada a partir de una revisión no sistemática de la literatura, en donde ilustramos el desarrollo histórico del concepto y los parámetros básicos para su realización.
Change in Abundance and Activity of Microbocenoses in the Area of Influence of a Large Landslide at the Bureya Reservoir
Authors: Kondratyeva L. M. , Litvinenko Z. N. , Andreeva D. V. , Bashkurova A. S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The results of field and experimental microbiological studies of water, soil, and rock samples in the influence zone of large landslide are presented. The landslide occurred in December 2018 and blocked the Bureya Reservoir from coast to coast. An artificial channel was created to restore the hydrological regime with the use of TNT (trinitrotoluene) and RDX (hexogen). A comparative analysis of the abundance of cultivated heterotrophic bacteria around the landslide body and in the artificial channel is carried out. The activity of microbial communities in relation to easily available (peptone, lactate, and starch) and difficult-to-mineralize humic compounds is also determined. With the use of spectrometry and gas chromatography, it is shown that an increase in the diversity of aromatic compounds in water is accompanied by an increase in the abundance of heterotrophic bacteria. A number of toxic substances, including methanol and methylated benzene derivatives, are found among the dominant components in the water. Its concentrations increased after the water drained through the landslide body and after imploding works. Many of the volatile organic compounds may have been products of microbial metabolism when water interacts with rocks. A hypothesis on the role of methanotrophic and methylotrophic bacteria in the genesis of methanol and toluene is discussed.
Estimations of overdiagnosis in breast cancer screening vary between 0% and over 50%: why?
Authors: Chaltiel Dan , Hill Catherine 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundPublished estimations of the extent of breast cancer overdiagnosis vary widely, and there have been heated debates around these estimations. Some high estimates have even been the basis of campaigns against national breast cancer screening programmes. Identifying some of the sources of heterogeneity between different estimates would help to clarify the issue.MethodsThe simple case of neuroblastoma—a childhood cancer—screening is used to describe the basic principle of overdiagnosis estimation. The more complicated mechanism of breast cancer overdiagnosis is described based on data from Denmark, taking into account the type of data used, individual or aggregated.FindingsThe type of data used in overdiagnosis studies has a meaningful effect on the estimation: no study based on individual data provides an estimate higher than 17%, while studies based on aggregated data often provide estimates higher than 40%. This is too systematic to be random. The analysis of two Danish studies, one of each kind, highlights the biases that come with the use of aggregated data and shows how they can lead to overdiagnosis.InterpretationMany estimates of overdiagnosis associated with breast cancer screening programmes are serious overestimations.
Use of connected digital products in clinical research following the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive analysis of clinical trials
Authors: Marra Caroline , Gordon William J , Stern Ariel Dora 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesIn an effort to mitigate COVID-19 related challenges for clinical research, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued new guidance for the conduct of ‘virtual’ clinical trials in late March 2020. This study documents trends in the use of connected digital products (CDPs), tools that enable remote patient monitoring and telehealth consultation, in clinical trials both before and after the onset of the pandemic.DesignWe applied a comprehensive text search algorithm to clinical trial registry data to identify trials that use CDPs for remote monitoring or telehealth. We compared CDP use in the months before and after the issuance of FDA guidance facilitating virtual clinical trials.SettingAll trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with start dates from May 2019 through February 2021.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure was the overall percentage of CDP use in clinical trials started in the 10 months prior to the pandemic onset (May 2019–February 2020) compared with the 10 months following (May 2020–February 2021). Secondary outcome measures included CDP usage by trial type (interventional, observational), funder type (industry, non-industry) and diagnoses (COVID-19 or non-COVID-19 participants).ResultsCDP usage in clinical trials increased by only 1.65 percentage points, from 14.19% (n=23 473) of all trials initiated in the 10 months prior to the pandemic onset to 15.84% (n=26 009) of those started in the 10 months following (p<0.01). The increase occurred primarily in observational studies and non-industry funded trials and was driven entirely by CDP usage in trials for COVID-19.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that in the short-term, new options created by regulatory guidance to stimulate telehealth and remote monitoring were not widely incorporated into clinical research. In the months immediately following the pandemic onset, CDP adoption increased primarily in observational and non-industry funded studies where virtual protocols are likely medically necessary due to the participants’ COVID-19 diagnosis.
Spanish adaptation and validation of the Pain Assessment Scale in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) in patients with dementia and impaired verbal communication: cross-sectional study
Authors: Cantón-Habas Vanesa , Carrera-González María del Pilar , Moreno-Casbas María Teresa , Rich-Ruiz Manuel 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to adapt and validate the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) scale in Spanish.DesignCross-sectional observational study.SettingTwo health districts of Andalusian provinces, located in the south of Spain, through the Andalusian network of Primary Healthcare centres and four institutions dedicated to the care of patients with dementia.ParticipantsA total of 100 older people, with a medical diagnosis of dementia and a score on the Global Deterioration Scale between 5 and 7 were assessed using the PAINAD scale.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPsychometric properties including content validity, construct validity and reliability of the scale have been tested.ResultsThe overall Item Content Validity Index was excellent (0.95). Regarding construct validity, it was confirmed that a lower use of analgesics implied a lower score on the PAINAD scale (p<0.05). The internal consistency of the scale was 0.76 and it increases to 0.81 if we remove the breathing item. Furthermore, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) used to assess interobserver reliability was 0.94, whereas the ICC used to assess temporary stability was 0.55.ConclusionsThe Spanish version of the PAINAD scale is a valid tool to assess pain in patients with dementia and inability to communicate verbally.
Quality of acute myocardial infarction care in England and Wales during the COVID-19 pandemic: linked nationwide cohort study
Authors: Aktaa Suleman , Yadegarfar Mohammad E , Wu Jianhua , Rashid Muhammad , de Belder Mark , Deanfield John , Schiele Francois , Minchin Mark , Mamas Mamas , Gale Chris P 
Published: June 2021

Background and objectiveThe impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of care for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is uncertain. We aimed to compare quality of AMI care in England and Wales during and before the COVID-19 pandemic using the 2020 European Society of Cardiology Association for Acute Cardiovascular Care quality indicators (QIs) for AMI.MethodsCohort study of linked data from the AMI and the percutaneous coronary intervention registries in England and Wales between 1 January 2017 and 27 May 2020 (representing 236 743 patients from 186 hospitals). At the patient level, the likelihood of attainment for each QI compared with pre COVID-19 was calculated using logistic regression. The date of the first national lockdown in England and Wales (23 March 2020) was chosen for time series comparisons.ResultsThere were 10 749 admissions with AMI after 23 March 2020. Compared with before the lockdown, patients admitted with AMI during the first wave had similar age (mean 68.0 vs 69.0 years), with no major differences in baseline characteristics (history of diabetes (25% vs 26%), renal failure (6.4% vs 6.9%), heart failure (5.8% vs 6.4%) and previous myocardial infarction (22.9% vs 23.7%)), and less frequently had high Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events risk scores (43.6% vs 48.6%). There was an improvement in attainment for 10 (62.5%) of the 16 measured QIs including a composite QI (43.8% to 45.2%, OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.10) during, compared with before, the lockdown.ConclusionDuring the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in England and Wales, quality of care for AMI as measured against international standards did not worsen, but improved modestly.
Gravitational lens time-delay as a probe of a possible time variation of the fine-structure constant
Authors: Colaço L. R. , Gonzalez J. E. , Holanda R. F. L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA new method based on large scale structure observations is proposed to probe a possible temporal variation of the fine-structure constant ($$\alpha $$
α
). Our analyses are based on time-delay of Strong Gravitational Lensing and Type Ia Supernovae observations. By considering the runaway dilaton scenario, where the cosmological temporal evolution of the fine-structure constant is given by $$\frac{\Delta \alpha }{\alpha } \approx -\gamma \ln {(1+z)}$$

Δ
α

α

≈
-
γ
ln

(
1
+
z
)

, we obtain limits on the physical properties parameter of the model ($$\gamma $$
γ
) at the level $$10^{-2}$$

10

-
2

($$1\sigma $$

1
σ

). Although our limits are less restrictive than those obtained by quasar spectroscopy, the approach presented here provides new bounds on the possibility of $$\frac{\Delta \alpha }{\alpha } \ne 0$$

Δ
α

α

≠
0

at a different range of redshifts.
Code Clone Detection with Hierarchical Attentive Graph Embedding
Authors: Ji Xiujuan , Liu Lei , Zhu Jingwen 
Published: June 2021

Code clone serves as a typical programming manner that reuses the existing code to solve similar programming problems, which greatly facilitates software development but recurs program bugs and maintenance costs. Recently, deep learning-based detection approaches gradually present their effectiveness on feature representation and detection performance. Among them, deep learning approaches based on abstract syntax tree (AST) construct models relying on the node embedding technique. In AST, the semantic of nodes is obviously hierarchical, and the importance of nodes is quite different to determine whether the two code fragments are cloned or not. However, some approaches do not fully consider the hierarchical structure information of source code. Some approaches ignore the different importance of nodes when generating the features of source code. Thirdly, when the tree is very large and deep, many approaches are vulnerable to the gradient vanishing problem during training. In order to properly address these challenges, we propose a hierarchical attentive graph neural network embedding model-HAG for the code clone detection. Firstly, the attention mechanism is applied on nodes in AST to distinguish the importance of different nodes during the model training. In addition, the HAG adopts graph convolutional network (GCN) to propagate the code message on AST graph and then exploits a hierarchical differential pooling GCN to sufficiently capture the code semantics at different structure level. To evaluate the effectiveness of HAG, we conducted extensive experiments on public clone dataset and compared it with seven state-of-the-art clone detection models. The experimental results demonstrate that the HAG achieves superior detection performance compared with baseline models. Especially, in the detection of moderately Type-3 or Type-4 clones, the HAG particularly outperforms baselines, indicating the strong detection capability of HAG for semantic clones. Apart from that, the impacts of the hierarchical pooling, attention mechanism and critical model parameters are systematically discussed.
Noncanonical Functions of C1s Complement Its Canonical Functions in Renal Cancer
Authors: Magrini Elena , Garlanda Cecilia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Complement activation contributes to tumor progression in several cancer types. In this issue, Daugan and colleagues propose complement component C1s and C4d as new markers of prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. The mechanism of action of C1s involves both canonical and intracellular, noncanonical functions. The results provide new molecular targets to prevent tumor escape from immune surveillance, which leads to tumor progression.
See related article by Daugan et al., p. 891 (2).
Sex Differences in Prehospital Delays in Patients With ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Stehli Julia , Dinh Diem , Dagan Misha , Duffy Stephen J. , Brennan Angela , Smith Karen , Andrew Emily , Nehme Ziad , Reid Christopher M. , Lefkovits Jeffrey , Stub Dion , Zaman Sarah 
Published: June 2021

Background
Women with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction experience delays in reperfusion compared with men with little data on each time component from symptom onset to reperfusion. This study analyzed sex discrepancies in patient delays, prehospital system delays, and hospital delays.

Methods and Results

Consecutive patients with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention across 30 hospitals in the Victorian Cardiac Outcomes Registry (2013–2018) were analyzed. Data from the Ambulance Victoria Data warehouse were used to perform linkage to the Victorian Cardiac Outcomes Registry for all patients transported via emergency medical services (EMS). The primary end point was EMS call‐to‐door time (prehospital system delay). Secondary end points included symptom‐to‐EMS call time (patient delay), door‐to‐device time (hospital delay), 30‐day mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events, and major bleeding. End points were analyzed according to sex and adjusted for age, comorbidities, cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, and symptom onset time. A total of 6330 (21% women) patients with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction were transported by EMS. Compared with men, women had longer adjusted geometric mean symptom‐to‐EMS call times (47.0 versus 44.0 minutes;
P
<0.001), EMS call‐to‐door times (58.1 versus 55.7 minutes;
P
<0.001), and door‐to‐device times (58.5 versus 54.9 minutes;
P
=0.006). Compared with men, women had higher 30‐day mortality (odds ratio [OR], 1.38; 95% CI, 1.06–1.79;
P
=0.02) and major bleeding (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.08–2.20;
P
=0.02).

Conclusions
Female patients with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction experienced excess delays in patient delays, prehospital system delays, and hospital delays, even after adjustment for confounders. Prehospital system and hospital delays resulted in an adjusted excess delay of 10 minutes compared with men.