bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case–control study examining the association of smad7 and TLR single nucleotide polymorphisms on the risk of colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Reilly Frank , Burke John P. , Lennon Grainne , Kay Elaine W. , McNamara Deborah A. , Cullen Garret , Doherty Glen A. , Mulcahy Hugh , Martin Sean , Winter Desmond C. , Sheahan Kieran , O’Connell Patrick Ronan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimUlcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by chronic mucosal inflammation and an increased risk of colorectal cancer. smad7, TLR2 and TLR4 modulate intestinal inflammation and their polymorphisms affect the risk of development of sporadic colorectal cancer. The aim of the current study was to examine the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in smad7, TLR2 and TLR4 and the development of colorectal cancer in patients with UC.MethodDNA was extracted from formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue from 90 patients with UC who had undergone panproctocolectomy between 1985 and 2013 (30 with UC‐associated colorectal cancer and 60 control UC patients). Control cases were matched 2:1 for age at diagnosis of colitis, duration of disease and gender. Genotyping was performed for the smad7 rs4464148, rs11874392, rs12953717 and rs4939827 SNPs, the TLR2 rs5743704 and rs5743708 SNPs and the TLR4 rs4986790 and rs4986791 SNPs.ResultsSixty three of the 90 patients (70%) were men and the mean age at diagnosis of UC was 38.6 ± 1.6 years. The mean time to the diagnosis of UC‐associated colorectal cancer was 13.5 ± 1.9 years. The 5‐year recurrence‐free and cancer‐specific survival rates were 76% and 88%, respectively. All eight SNPs were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. None of the eight SNPs assessed in smad7, TLR2 or TLR4 were associated with the development of UC‐associated colorectal cancer at an allelic or genotypic level.ConclusionsThese data do not support an association between polymorphisms in smad7, TLR2 or TLR4 and the development of UC‐associated colorectal cancer.
Printing the light
Authors: Parraman Carinna , Klein Susanne 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the relationship between additive and subtractive mixing for colour printing. Using Spectraval mica pigments (Merck)—marketed as RGB pigments—colour is generated by selective reflection and prints are based on additive colour mixing principles, that when printed onto black paper, create white and a range of colours. Although currently used mostly for decorative effects, they can be the basis of additive 'process' inks, that present new opportunities for and challenges to traditional print markets. The viewing angle dependency of their selective reflection favours applications in security printing similar to the holograms on bank cards for example. Traditional measurement and modelling methods are difficult to apply due to the layering and irregular dispersion of pigments.
Journal Open Access and Plan S: Solving Problems or Shifting Burdens?
Authors: Kamerlin Shina Caroline Lynn , Allen David J. , de Bruin Bas , Derat Etienne , Urdal Henrik 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTThis academic thought piece provides an overview of the history of, and current trends in, publishing practices in the scientific fields known to the authors (chemical sciences, social sciences and humanities), as well as a discussion of how open access mandates such as Plan S from cOAlition S will affect these practices. It begins by summarizing the evolution of scientific publishing, in particular how it was shaped by the learned societies, and highlights how important quality assurance and scientific management mechanisms are being challenged by the recent introduction of ever more stringent open access mandates. The authors then discuss the various reactions of the researcher community to the introduction of Plan S, and elucidate a number of concerns: that it will push researchers towards a pay‐to‐publish system which will inevitably create new divisions between those who can afford to get their research published and those who cannot; that it will disrupt collaboration between researchers on the different sides of cOAlition S funding; and that it will have an impact on academic freedom of research and publishing. The authors analyse the dissemination of, and responses to, an open letter distributed and signed in reaction to the introduction of Plan S, before concluding with some thoughts on the potential for evolution of open access in scientific publishing.
Challenges associated with retrospective analysis of left ventricular function using clinical echocardiograms from a multicenter research study
Authors: Sachdeva Ritu , Stratton Kayla L. , Cox David E. , Armenian Saro H. , Bhat Aarti , Border William L. , Leger Kasey J. , Leisenring Wendy M. , Meacham Lillian R. , Sadak Karim T. , Narasimhan Shanti , Chow Eric J. , Nathan Paul C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundRetrospective multicenter research using echocardiograms obtained for routine clinical care can be hampered by issues of individual center quality. We sought to evaluate imaging and patient characteristics associated with poorer quality of archived echocardiograms from a cohort of childhood cancer survivors.MethodsA single blinded reviewer at a central core laboratory graded quality of clinical echocardiograms from five centers focusing on images to derive 2D and M‐mode fractional shortening (FS), biplane Simpson's ejection fraction (EF), myocardial performance index (MPI), tissue Doppler imaging (TDI)–derived velocities, and global longitudinal strain (GLS).ResultsOf 535 studies analyzed in 102 subjects from 2004 to 2017, all measures of cardiac function could be assessed in only 7%. While FS by 2D or M‐mode, MPI, and septal E/E′ could be measured in >80% studies, mitral E/E′ was less consistent (69%), but better than EF (52%) and GLS (10%). 66% of studies had ≥1 issue, with technical issues (eg, lung artifact, poor endocardial definition) being the most common (33%). Lack of 2‐ and 3‐chamber views was associated with the performing center. Patient age <5 years had a higher chance of apex cutoff in 4‐chamber views compared with 16‐35 years old. Overall, for any quality issue, earlier era of echo and center were the only significant risk factors.ConclusionAssessment of cardiac function using pooled multicenter archived echocardiograms was significantly limited. Efforts to standardize clinical echocardiographic protocols to include apical 2‐ and 3‐chamber views and TDI will improve the ability to quantitate LV function.
Script concordance tests: A call for action in dental education
Authors: Vital Sibylle , Wulfman Claudine , Girard Félix , Tamimi Faleh , Charlin Bernard , Ducret Maxime 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Script Concordance Test (SCT) is an educational tool that aims to assess the ability to interpret medical information under conditions of uncertainty. It is widely used and validated in health education, but almost unknown in dentistry. Based on authentic clinical problem‐solving situations, it allows to assess clinical reasoning that experienced health workers develop over the years. A specific scoring system, dedicated to SCT, considers the variability of responses of practitioners in the same clinical situations. Finally, the scores generated by SCT reflect the respondents’ ability to interpret clinical data compared to experienced clinicians. This article aims to familiarise the dental educators’ community with SCT construction, optimisation and its possible applications.
Attenuated cytarabine, etoposide, dexamethasone plus rituximab (R‐Mini‐CYVE) regimen for patients with relapsed or refractory B‐cell non–Hodgkin’s lymphoma not eligible for intensive chemotherapy
Authors: Abdayem Pamela , Ibrahim Nathalie , El Dakdouki Yolla , Willekens Christophe , Ghez David , A. Rouche Julia , Dartigues Peggy , Desmaris Romain , Danu Alina , Rossignol Julien , Lazarovici Julien , Fermé Christophe , Ribrag Vincent , Michot Jean M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of an attenuated immunochemotherapy regimen based on cytarabine, etoposide and dexamethasone plus rituximab (R‐mini‐CYVE) in patients with relapsed or refractory B‐cell non–Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).MethodsWe included pretreated adult patients with B‐cell NHL who were ineligible for high‐dose immunochemotherapy (HDT). Cytarabine and etoposide were given at four different dose levels, depending on the patient's frailty. Up to 8 cycles were administered.ResultsBetween 2013 and 2019, 56 patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (n = 45, 80%) and indolent B‐cell lymphoma (n = 11, 20%) were included. Median age was 75 (range: 36‐88). Nineteen patients (35%) had a performance status ≥2. Patients received a median of 4 cycles of R‐mini‐CYVE. The objective response and the complete response rates were 50% and 33%, respectively. Median progression‐free survival and overall survival times were 5.7 (95% CI: 0.5‐10.9) and 14.7 (95% CI: 3.5‐25.9) months, respectively. Grade ≥3 anaemia, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia occurred in 44%, 55% and 60% of the patients, respectively. The most frequent non‐haematological grade ≥3 adverse events were sepsis (21%), fatigue (13%) and cytarabine‐related neurotoxicity (5%).ConclusionR‐mini‐CYVE demonstrated a meaningful antitumour efficacy and an acceptable safety profile in patients with relapsed/refractory B‐cell NHL who were ineligible for HDT.
Slow oscillation‐spindle coupling is negatively associated with emotional memory formation following stress
Authors: Denis Dan , Kim Sara Y. , Kark Sarah M. , Daley Ryan T. , Kensinger Elizabeth A. , Payne Jessica D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBoth stress and sleep enhance emotional memory. They also interact, with the largest effect of sleep on emotional memory being seen when stress occurs shortly before or after encoding. Slow wave sleep (SWS) is critical for long‐term episodic memory, facilitated by the temporal coupling of slow oscillations and sleep spindles. Prior work in humans has shown these associations for neutral information in non‐stressed participants. Whether coupling interacts with stress to facilitate emotional memory formation is unknown. Here, we addressed this question by reanalyzing an existing dataset of 64 individuals. Participants underwent a psychosocial stressor (32) or comparable control (32) prior to the encoding of 150‐line drawings of neutral, positive, and negative images. All participants slept overnight with polysomnography, before being given a surprise memory test the following day. In the stress group, time spent in SWS was positively correlated with memory for images of all valences. Results were driven by those who showed a high cortisol response to the stressor, compared to low responders. The amount of slow oscillation‐spindle coupling during SWS was negatively associated with neutral and emotional memory in the stress group only. The association with emotional memory was significantly stronger than for neutral memory within the stress group. These results suggest that stress around the time of initial memory formation impacts the relationship between slow wave sleep and memory.
Can yield, soil C and aggregation be improved under long‐term conservation agriculture in the eastern Indo‐Gangetic plain of India?
Authors: Mondal Surajit , Mishra Janki Sharan , Poonia Shish Pal , Kumar Rakesh , Dubey Rachana , Kumar Santosh , Verma Mausam , Rao Karnena K. , Ahmed Akram , Dwivedi Sharad , Bhatt Bhagwati Prasad , Malik Ram Kanwar , Kumar Virender , McDonald Andrew 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDeteriorating soil health, diminishing soil organic carbon (SOC), development of subsurface hard compact layer and declining system productivity are barriers to achieving sustainable production in the traditional rice–wheat cropping system (TA) in the eastern Indo‐Gangetic Plain of India. Conservation agriculture (CA), which favours minimum soil disturbance, crop residue retention and crop diversification could be a viable alternative to the TA to address most of those major problems. With that in mind, a long‐term experiment is being implemented at ICAR‐RCER, Patna, Bihar, India, with four treatments: (a) TA, (b) full CA (fCA) and (c and d) partial CA (pCA1 and pCA2), differing in crop establishment methods, cropping system and crop residue management in a randomized complete block design. Measurement of soil health parameters was carried out in the 11th year of the experiment. The results revealed a beneficial effect of CA and 46 and 40% increase in SOC concentration and stock, respectively, under fCA over TA in the 0–7.5‐cm soil layer. The effect of partial CA (pCA1 and pCA2) was variable, but an increasing trend was always observed under pCA compared to TA. There was an enrichment in SOC content of aggregates under CA irrespective of size class; however, no relation was found between SOC content and aggregate diameter. The contribution of macroaggregates to SOC stock was larger (36–66%) under CA in the 0–7.5‐cm soil layer. Adoption of CA improved the macroaggregate content, MWD and GMD of aggregates, and aggregation ratio. Soil macropore content was greater under fCA, whereas other parameters were similar among treatments. The impact of CA was mostly limited to 0–7.5 cm soil layer and a maximum up to 15 cm soil depth while evaluation until 60 cm soil depth was realized. The yield of rice in CA was comparable to or higher than in TA, whereas the system rice equivalent yield was always higher (38–53%) under CA than under the conventional practices. Therefore, a CA‐based cropping system must be encouraged, to increase SOC status, improve aggregation stability and, consequently, sustain or increase system productivity, in order to achieve food and nutritional security in the eastern Indo‐Gangetic Plain of India.Highlights
Effects of long‐term conservation agriculture (CA) on soil C, aggregation and yield were evaluated.
CA improved SOC concentration and stock by 46 and 40%, as well as macroaggregate SOC stock by 36–66%.
Macro‐aggregation and mean weight diameter improved in CA but was mostly limited to a shallow soil depth.
CA can be promoted for sustainability of a rice–wheat system due to higher productivity (38–53%).
Adaption and preliminary validation of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination‐III as a screening test for mild cognitive impairment and dementia in hearing‐impaired individuals
Authors: North Courtney , Heatley Mary H. , Utoomprurkporn Nattawan , Bamiou Doris Eva , Costafreda Sergi G. , Stott Joshua 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundA large proportion of older adults assessed for cognitive impairment likely have hearing loss, potentially affecting accuracy of cognitive performance estimations. This study aimed to develop a hearing‐impaired version of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination‐III (HI‐ACE‐III) and to assess whether the HI‐ACE‐III can accurately distinguish people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia from cognitively intact controls.MethodsThe HI‐ACE‐III was developed by converting verbal instructions into a visual, timed PowerPoint presentation. Seventy‐four participants over the age of 60 years were classified into three groups: 29 had MCI, 15 had mild to moderate dementia and 30 were cognitively intact controls. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were graphed to test screening accuracy. Concurrent validity was examined through correlations between HI‐ACE‐III domain scores and relevant, visually presented standardized neuropsychological measures.ResultsROC analysis for dementia revealed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.99, achieving excellent sensitivity (100%) and good specificity (93.3%) at an optimum cut‐off of <87. The AUC for MCI was 0.86, achieving reasonable sensitivity (75.9%) and good specificity (86.7%) at an optimum cut‐off of <92. HI‐ACE‐III subtests shared anticipated and statistically significant correlations with established measures of cognitive functioning. Internal consistency of the HI‐ACE‐III was excellent as verified with Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.904).ConclusionsPreliminarily, the HI‐ACE‐III showed good reliability, validity and screening utility for MCI and dementia in older adults in a hearing‐impairment context. The adapted HI‐ACE‐III may offer accurate and reliable indication of cognitive performance, supporting timely diagnosis and research examining links between hearing loss and cognitive decline.
Metacognitive instruction in L2 French: An analysis of listening performance and automaticity
Authors: Becker Shannon R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe goal of the present study was to investigate the instructional potential of metacognitive strategies to improve listening comprehension and the automaticity of listening processes. A pretest—treatment—posttest design was adopted and used in seven sections of second‐semester French. Differences were found based on initial listening proficiency and metacognitive awareness: low proficiency learners in both conditions outperformed all high‐proficiency learners in listening gains over time. Initial level of metacognitive awareness had a significant impact on gains in listening performance: learners in the experimental group who began the study with low metacognitive awareness achieved higher gains in listening. These results indicate that the initial level of metacognitive awareness has a differential impact on listening comprehension gains, supporting the idea that increasing metacognition can help learners to improve listening skills.
Greening of the earth does not compensate for rising soil heterotrophic respiration under climate change
Authors: Naidu Dilip G. T. , Bagchi Sumanta 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStability of the soil carbon (C) pool under decadal scale variability in temperature and precipitation is an important source of uncertainty in our understanding of land–atmosphere climate feedbacks. This depends on how two opposing C‐fluxes—influx from net primary production (NPP) and efflux from heterotrophic soil respiration (Rh)—respond to covariation in temperature and precipitation. There is scant evidence to judge whether field experiments which manipulate both temperature and precipitation align with Earth System Models, or not. As a result, even though the world is generally greening, whether the resultant gains in NPP can offset climate change impacts on Rh, where, and by how much, remains uncertain. Here, we use decadal‐scale global time‐series datasets on NPP, Rh, temperature, and precipitation to estimate the two opposing C‐fluxes and address whether one can outpace the other. We implement machine‐learning tools on recent (2001–2019) and near‐future climate scenarios (2020–2040) to assess the response of both C‐fluxes to temperature and precipitation variation. We find that changes in C‐influx may not compensate for C‐efflux, particularly in wetter and warmer conditions. Soil‐C loss can occur in both tropics and at high latitudes since C‐influx from NPP can fall behind C‐efflux from Rh. Precipitation emerges as the key determinant of soil‐C vulnerability in a warmer world, implying that hotspots for soil‐C loss/gain can shift rapidly and highlighting that soil‐C is vulnerable to climate change despite widespread greening of the world. The direction of covariation between change in temperature and precipitation, rather than their magnitude, can help conceptualize highly variable patterns in C‐fluxes to guide soil‐C stewardship.
Cabinet size and governance in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Wehner Joachim , Mills Linnea 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere is frequent public and media concern over the cost of bloated cabinets in many Sub‐Saharan African countries. Scholarship on elite clientelism links cabinet positions with corruption and practices that undermine sound policymaking. This article presents new data on the number of ministers in African governments and documents a robust negative association with several measures of governance, both across countries and in a regression framework that exploits within‐country variation over time and accounts for various potential confounders. This suggests policymakers, donors, investors, and citizens should pay close attention to the number of ministers appointed to the cabinet. Although the article cautions against simplistic policy prescriptions, a sizable increase in the number of ministers is likely bad news for governance.
How can I turn my feminist ethnographic engagement into words? A perspective on knowledge production inspired by Audre Lorde
Authors: Dorion Léa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe article explores the topic of turning a feminist activist ethnographic “fieldwork” into words, that is, of writing an ethnographic account in a feminist way. It builds on the work of Audre Lorde to underline the role of emotions in a feminist writing process producing emancipatory knowledge. First, the article contributes to the topic of emotions in feminist writing, by redefining induction as an emotional rather than a rational process. Second, I show how the contribution of Audre Lorde to rethinking writing as an emancipatory process helped me come out of silence and gain empowerment, and hence how writing can be a feminist empowering action. Finally, displaying a story about my experience of writing can hopefully resonates with the ones of others and challenge dominant accounts of writing as a linear process.
Static postural balance evaluation and an investigation of the relationship with joint health in children with severe haemophilia: a controlled cross‐sectional study
Authors: Tat Necati M. , Tat Ayse M. , Oner Ahmet F. , Karaman Kamuran , Kaplan Seyhmus , Can Filiz 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionRecurrent hemarthroses disturbing force/movement control are likely to impair postural balance.AimTo investigate the possible changes in static postural balance parameters in children with haemophilia (CwH) and to reveal its relationship with Haemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS).MethodsTwenty‐one CwH aged 6–18 who had haemophilic arthropathy in at least one lower limb joint and 21 healthy peers were evaluated by using a force platform. Centre of pressure (CoP) signals were displayed as a map in both anteroposterior direction (APD) and mediolateral direction (MLD) by statokinesigram. Accordingly, the amplitude, velocity and standard deviation of CoP displacements along with the perimeter and ellipse area were measured. Assessments were made under eyes opened and eyes closed in bipedal stance for 60 s. Joint health and muscle strength were evaluated with HJHS and digital dynamometer, respectively.ResultsVelocity and amplitude of CoP displacements in MLD were increased in CwH (p˂0.05). It was also found that these parameters were moderate correlated with the clinical score of the lower limb joints (p˂0.05). In CwH, standard deviation of CoP displacements in the APD was significantly higher in eyes closed, while standard deviation in MLD was significantly higher in eyes opened (p˂0.05).ConclusionDisturbances during bipedal stance reveal the need for balance evaluation in CwH. Increased mediolateral oscillations may be an early sign of disorders of the musculoskeletal system in CwH. In addition to improving joint health, postural balance exercises that increase MLD stability have to be included in the rehabilitation programme of CwH.