bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Accuracy of Novel Protein Biomarkers in Saliva to Detect Periodontitis Using Untargeted ‘SWATH’ Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Blanco‐Pintos T. , Regueira‐Iglesias A. , Relvas M. , Alonso‐Sampedro M. , Bravo S. B. , Balsa‐Castro C. , Tomás I. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo discover new salivary biomarkers to diagnose periodontitis and evaluate the impact of age and smoking on predictive capacity.Material and MethodsSaliva samples were collected from 44 healthy periodontal individuals and 41 with periodontitis. Samples were analysed by sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH‐MS), and proteins were identified by employing the UniProt database. The diagnostic capacity of the molecules was determined with generalized additive models. The models obtained were single‐protein unadjusted and adjusted for age and smoking status, besides two‐protein combinations.ResultsEight single salivary proteins had a bias‐corrected accuracy (bc‐ACC) of 78.8%–86.8% (bc‐sensitivity/bc‐specificity of 62.5%–86.9%/60.9%–98.1%) to diagnose periodontitis. Predictive capacity increased more by adjusting for age (bc‐ACC: 94.1%–98.2%; bc‐sensitivity/bc‐specificity: 90.2%–98.6%/93.6%–97.2%) than smoking (bc‐ACC: 83.9%–90.4%; bc‐sensitivity/bc‐specificity: 73.6%–89.9%/76.2%–96.4%). These proteins were keratin, type II cytoskeletal 1, protein S100‐A8, β‐2‐microglobulin, neutrophil defensin 1, lysozyme C, ubiquitin‐60S ribosomal protein L40, isoform 2 of tropomyosin α‐3 chain and resistin. Two dual combinations showed bc‐sensitivity/bc‐specificity of > 90%: β‐2‐microglobulin with profilin‐1, and lysozyme C with zymogen granule protein 16 homologue B.ConclusionsNew salivary biomarkers show good or excellent ability to diagnose periodontitis. Age has a more significant influence on the accuracy of the single biomarkers than smoking, with results comparable to two‐protein combinations.
First Results About Pollination of Silene migjornensis, an Endemic Plant Species of the Southern Dunes of Mallorca
Authors: Cortés‐Giménez Fernando D. , Far Antoni J. , Cerrato Marcello D. , Pinya Samuel , Cursach Joana 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSilene migjornensis is a plant species restricted to a unique location in the south of Mallorca. Its floral syndrome suggests nocturnal pollination by lepidopterans, but pollinators of this species remain unknown. Several surveys were conducted along the flowering period, and potential pollinators were captured for pollen load analyses. Additionally, pollinator surveys were performed by counting the number and identity of floral visitors in groups of 100 flowers every 2 h at nighttime. A total of 210 specimens were analysed, and the efficacy and fidelity of floral visitors were obtained. Up to 16 taxa were identified as potential pollinators, including moths, spiders, harvestmen, beetles, cockroaches and true bugs, many of which are neglected pollinators. Beetles showed higher efficacy compared with harvestmen and cockroaches, while no statistical differences were found in fidelity among groups. However, the harvestman Phalangium clavipus was the most frequent floral visitor. Overall, the initial hypothesis that S. migjornensis has a pollination specialised towards lepidopterans is not confirmed. Finally, this study describes the first case of an endemic harvestman participating in the pollination of a plant species in Mallorca.
A Transfer Learning Radiomics Nomogram to Predict the Postoperative Recurrence of Advanced Gastric Cancer
Authors: Huang Liebin , Feng Bao , Yang Zhiqi , Feng Shi‐Ting , Liu Yu , Xue Huimin , Shi Jiangfeng , Chen Qinxian , Zhou Tao , Chen Xiangguang , Wan Cuixia , Chen Xiaofeng , Long Wansheng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimIn this study, a transfer learning (TL) algorithm was used to predict postoperative recurrence of advanced gastric cancer (AGC) and to evaluate its value in a small‐sample clinical study.MethodsA total of 431 cases of AGC from three centers were included in this retrospective study. First, TL signatures (TLSs) were constructed based on different source domains, including whole slide images (TLS‐WSIs) and natural images (TLS‐ImageNet). Clinical model and non‐TLS based on CT images were constructed simultaneously. Second, TL radiomic model (TLRM) was constructed by combining optimal TLS and clinical factors. Finally, the performance of the models was evaluated by ROC analysis. The clinical utility of the models was assessed using integrated discriminant improvement (IDI) and decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsTLS‐WSI significantly outperformed TLS‐ImageNet, non‐TLS, and clinical models (p < 0.05). The AUC value of TLS‐WSI in training cohort was 0.9459 (95CI%: 0.9054, 0.9863) and ranged from 0.8050 (95CI%: 0.7130, 0.8969) to 0.8984 (95CI%: 0.8420, 0.9547) in validation cohorts. TLS‐WSI and the nodular or irregular outer layer of gastric wall were screened to construct TLRM. The AUC value of TLRM in training cohort was 0.9643 (95CI%: 0.9349, 0.9936) and ranged from 0.8561 (95CI%: 0.7571, 0.9552) to 0.9195 (95CI%: 0.8670, 0.9721) in validation cohorts. The IDI and DCA showed that the performance of TLRM outperformed the other models.ConclusionTLS‐WSI can be used to predict postoperative recurrence in AGC, whereas TLRM is more effective. TL can effectively improve the performance of clinical research models with a small sample size.
Rural‐urban divide in risk perception of LSD: Implications for psychedelic‐assisted therapy
Authors: Bradley Melissa , Grossman Daniel , Simonsson Otto , Copes Heith , Hendricks Peter S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundRecent legislative initiatives in the United States have focused on the medical and legal status of psychedelics, prompting interest in understanding public perceptions of their risks. This study investigates rural‐urban differences in the perception of LSD and cannabis risks using national survey data.MethodsData from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) between 2015 and 2021 were analyzed. Logistic regression models were used to compare risk perceptions of LSD and cannabis between rural and urban respondents, adjusting for relevant factors.ResultsRural residents were 1.2 to 1.4 times more likely to perceive using LSD once or twice as of great risk compared to urban residents during the survey period. However, the perception of monthly cannabis use as having great risk was slightly higher among rural residents only until 2019, with no significant differences observed in 2020 and 2021.ConclusionThe study highlights a significant rural‐urban divide in the perception of LSD risk, which could impact policymaking on psychedelic therapies. Understanding these differences is crucial for developing effective and equitable policies regarding psychedelic substances and treatments.
A descriptive examination of rurality in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes Cohort: Implications, illustrations, and future directions
Authors: McCormack Lacey A. , MacKenzie Debra A. , Deutsch Arielle , Beene Daniel , Hockett Christine W. , Ziegler Katherine , Knapp Emily A. , Kress Amii M. , Li Zone R. , Bakre Shivani , Habre Rima , Jacobson Lisa , Karagas Margaret R. , LeWinn Kaja , Nozadi Sara S. , Alshawabkeh Akram , Aris Izzuddin M. , Bekelman Traci A. , Bendixsen Casper G. , Camargo Carlos , Cassidy‐Bushrow Andrea E. , Croen Lisa , Assiamira Ferrara , Fry Rebecca , Gebretsadik Tebeb , Hartert Tina , Hirko Kelly A. , Karr Catherine J. , Kloog Itai , Loftus Christine , Magee Kelsey E. , McEvoy Cindy , Neiderhiser Jenae M. , O'Connor Thomas G. , O'Shea Mike , Straughen Jennifer K. , Urquhart Audrey , Wright Rosalind , Elliott Amy J. ,   for the ECHO Cohort Consortium
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeThe Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort has enrolled over 60,000 children to examine how early environmental factors (broadly defined) are associated with key child health outcomes. The ECHO Cohort may be well‐positioned to contribute to our understanding of rural environments and contexts, which has implications for rural health disparities research. The present study examined the outcome of child obesity to not only illustrate the suitability of ECHO Cohort data for these purposes but also determine how various definitions of rural and urban populations impact the presentation of findings and their interpretation.MethodsThis analysis uses data from children in the ECHO Cohort study who had residential address information between January 2010 and October 2023, including a subset who also had height and weight data. Several rural‐urban classification schemes were examined with and without collapsing into binary rural/urban groupings (ie, the Rural‐Urban Continuum Codes, 2010 Rural‐Urban Commuting Area [RUCA] Codes, and Urban Influence Codes).FindingsVarious rural/urban definitions and classification schemes produce similar obesity prevalence (17%) when collapsed into binary categories (rural vs urban) and for urban participants in general. When all categories within a classification scheme are examined, however, the rural child obesity prevalence ranges from 5.8% to 24%.ConclusionsCollapsing rural‐urban classification schemes into binary groupings erases nuance and context needed for interpreting findings, ultimately impacting health disparities research. Future work should leverage both individual‐ and community‐level datasets to provide context, and all categories of classification schemes should be used when examining rural populations.
A Qualitative Systematic Review of Barriers and Facilitators to Hepatitis B and C Programmes in Prisons
Authors: Emery Heidi , Evans Catrin , Jack Kathryn , Martello Elisa , Seripenah Princella , Aiyelabegan Fatima , Dhungana Surakshya , Joseph Titus , Koboto Dirontsho , Morling Joanne R. , Stewart‐Evans James , Wilson Emma , Leonardi‐Bee Jo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe prevalence of viral hepatitis among people in prisons is higher than in the general population. Screening, treatment and vaccination programmes exist within prisons to reduce the incidence of hepatitis, although lower uptake has often been reported compared to similar programmes outside of prisons. We conducted a systematic review of qualitative evidence to explore the barriers and facilitators to hepatitis B and C reduction programmes in prisons from the perspectives of people in prison, custodial staff and prison healthcare staff. Comprehensive searches of five databases (to November 2023) yielded 28 studies for review inclusion. Four synthesised findings were identified: (i) accurate, up‐to‐date knowledge of viral hepatitis disease and treatment among people in prison and staff is a facilitator to programme uptake, particularly when imparted by a trusted source; (ii) personal subjective and relative views have a bearing on participation with the programme; (iii) social interactions and relationships both within the community of people in prison and between them and staff groups influence participation in the programmes; and (iv) the organisational structure of the prison and healthcare services within it affect programme participation. Based on these findings, we make recommendations for the adaptation of viral hepatitis programmes to individual custodial settings thereby improving equitable programme access and hepatitis B and C reduction in this complex environment.
Clinical Efficacy of Nasoalveolar Moulding Using Aligner NAM During Presurgical Infant Orthopaedics (PSIO) in Infants With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate (UCLP): A Retrospective Study
Authors: Puneet Batra , Gribel Bruno Frazao , Aditya Talwar , Garima Arora 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe study compares and evaluates planned virtual outcomes with actual post‐treatment outcomes to assess the accuracy and predictability of clinical results during presurgical infant orthopaedics (PSIO) with AlignerNAM in infants with unilateral cleft lip and palate.SettingInstitutional study. Participants: 14 UCLP patients.Materials and MethodsDigital models for infants with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) who had undergone PSIO with AlignerNAM between 1 and 6 weeks were obtained at three stages—pretreatment (To), planned (Tp) and post‐treatment (T1). Linear and angular measurements were made on these using the OrthoAnalyser software (3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark). A paired t‐test and Bland–Altman analysis assessed the accuracy between predicted and achieved movements, while inter‐ and intra‐rater reliabilities were also calculated using digital records of seven patients.ResultsThe study found no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the clinical outcome (post‐treatment) values and the predicted values (obtained from the virtual post‐treatment simulation/planned movement). The sagittal reduction in the cleft defect demonstrated the highest accuracy (97.71%), followed by the transverse reduction (95.1%). Overall, linear measurements achieved an accuracy of 94.57% and angular measurements an accuracy of 93.64%. All measurements were within the limits of agreement based on the Bland–Altman plots. The widths of limits of agreement were narrow and similar for both linear and angular measurements showing high levels of agreement.ConclusionAlignerNAM showed high accuracy in reducing cleft size and aligning alveolar segments in UCLP patients, achieving accuracy rates above 90% in both linear and angular dimensions. AlignerNAM appliance is a suitable alternative to conventional PSIO techniques.
Concluding essay: imperial humanism and challenge of defining the nature of the state
Authors: McManus Stuart M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis concluding essay reflects on the relationship between intellectual life and state building as elucidated by the essays in this special issue on Humanism in Greater Venice. Drawing comparisons with Asian empires and the Hispanic Monarchy (often called the ‘Spanish Empire’) in the Americas and elsewhere, it argues that we must be alive to the precise nature of the state championed by humanist writers and to eschew value‐laden terms that are not actor’s categories, e.g. commonwealth. It ends with a call to avoid either whitewashing the actions of states or creating new Black Legends, in the Renaissance or any other period.
Does Increasing Ethnic Diversity Challenge the Rural Idyll? An Analysis of Frames on Ethnic Diversity in Relation to Rurality in the Flemish Written Press (Belgium)*
Authors: Van Damme Willemien , De Decker Pascal , Leinfelder Hans 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe social construction of rurality remains a collective fantasy of a safe, green, ethnically homogeneous environment. This fantasy, called “the rural idyll,” still dominates the way in which people give meaning to their lives, the lives of others, and the places where they live. This idyll is based on an interrelated urban/ethnic diverse versus rural/white dichotomy, even as rural areas are in fact becoming more ethnically diverse. The question of how ethnic diversity is understood, in traditional media, through the fantasy of the rural idyll is central to this paper. Drawing on recurring stories in 450 newspaper articles in the Flemish written press covering rural ethnic diversity, we identify four different ideal‐type frames: growing ethnic diversity as a (1) threat to the rural idyll, (2) confirmation of the rural idyll, (3) the consequence of rural deprivation, and (4) the solution to rural deprivation. Our analysis shows that a large proportion of the newspaper articles use “ethnic diversity as a threat to the rural idyll.” This connects with the long‐standing anti‐urban discourse in Flanders (Belgium). Nevertheless, the presence and emergence of other frames indicate that this discourse does not remain not unchallenged.
A Deccan Large Igneous Province related Maastrichtian regolith of Lameta Formation, Central India: Insights into the genesis and development of calcrete profiles and implications for palaeoclimate variability
Authors: Kumari Vandana , Tandon Sampat Kumar , Ghatak Arundhuti , Srivastava Pankaj , Bera Melinda Kumar , Chakrabarti Ramananda 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTEmplacement of volcanics of the Deccan Large Igneous Province in the late‐Maastrichtian to early‐Danian has been linked to global climatic perturbations and the related biotic crisis. Sedimentary sequences associated with these lavas, known as infra‐trappean and inter‐trappean successions, preserve records of this Large Igneous Province induced climatic and biotic changes. The Lameta Formation of Jabalpur is the type section for the infra‐trappean succession; it preserves a unique stack of 13 calcrete profiles and one calcic‐vertisol, which together constitute the Mottled Nodular Beds. This stratigraphic unit evolved over a significant time period, most likely a few hundred thousand years in Chron C29R, making it a unique section suitable for obtaining insights on terminal Cretaceous palaeoclimatic variability. Micromorphological, clay‐mineralogical, geochemical and stable carbon‐isotopic (organic matter) data of calcretes of the Mottled Nodular Beds have been used to understand their genesis and obtain insights on climatic variability during their formation. These calcretes/calcareous palaeosol profiles are largely characterized by alpha‐fabric with the development of some biogenic features indicating predominantly evaporation/evapotranspiration driven carbonate precipitation with minor biochemically induced precipitation, respectively. Strontium isotopic compositions of the carbonate fraction of these calcretes indicate derivation of calcium from the Precambrian Mahakoshal Group marbles. On the basis of multiple datasets, these calcretes are interpreted to be pedogenic having formed in the soil‐vadose zone following the per descensum model. Based on a multiproxy approach that includes micromorphology, clay‐mineralogy, geochemistry (Mean Annual Precipitation and salinization) and stable carbon isotope ratio (organic matter), the conditions of formation of the Mottled Nodular Beds in C29R are interpreted to have varied mostly from semi‐arid to sub‐humid, with two intervening shorter arid episodes in the middle and upper parts of this succession. This climatic variability broadly aligns with the recently suggested changes in eruptive dynamics in the neighbouring Malwa Plateau of the Deccan volcanic province.
Riders on the Storm
Authors: Cona Andrea , Luppi Mario , Kodiyanplakkal Rosy Priya , Perra Simone , Mularoni Alessandra , Malinis Maricar 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis case involves a 52‐year‐old male, who underwent a deceased donor orthotopic liver transplant 7 months prior, presented with a 2‐week history of persistent fever, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and mild elevation of liver enzymes. Upon hospital admission, the patient was febbrile, alert and oriented, hemodynamically stable. Laboratory exams revealed worsening leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, hyponatremia, and elevated ferritin. On hospital day 5, the general condition of the patient rapidly deteriorated with dyspnea, asthenia, and worsening fever and pancytopenia.Computed tomography revealed splenomegaly and minimal bilateral pleural effusion.
The Effectiveness and Safety of the Short‐Course Therapy in Liver Transplant Recipients With Uncomplicated Gram‐Negative Bacteremia: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Miwa Toshiki , Okamoto Koh , Ishikawa Shotaro , Ikeuchi Kazuhiko , Yamamoto Shinya , Ikeda Mahoko , Okugawa Shu , Ichida Akihiko , Akamatsu Nobuhisa , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Tsutsumi Takeya 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe appropriate duration of therapy for uncomplicated gram‐negative bloodstream infection (GN‐BSI) in liver transplant (LTx) recipients remains unknown. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of a short‐course antimicrobial therapy.MethodsThis retrospective study was performed in a single LTx center in Japan. All LTx recipients with GN‐BSI receiving 6–16 days of therapy with adequate source control between 2010 and 2022 were included. We collected data on demographics, underlying medical conditions, clinical manifestations, laboratory and microbiology data, ID consultation, oral switch therapy, and subsequent clinical course through chart review. We compared the 30‐day composite outcome comprising mortality and recurrence of BSI or local infection between patients receiving a short‐course (6–10 days) therapy and those receiving a long‐course (11–16 days) therapy.ResultsOf 91 study participants, 27 (29.7%) and 64 (70.3%) received short‐course and long‐course antimicrobial therapy, respectively. Cholangitis was the most common source of BSI (57/91 [62.6%]). Overall, the primary composite outcome occurred in 18 patients (19.8%), most of which was the recurrence of local infection (n = 14). The primary composite outcome was numerically compatible between these groups (5/27 [18.5%] vs. 13/64 [20.3%]; p = 0.84).ConclusionsA short‐course therapy may be an effective option in selected LTx recipients with uncomplicated GN‐BSI. Whether a short‐course oral switch therapy is a viable option or not warrants further research.
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Optimization of a solidified floating organic drop microextraction procedure through an experimental design for the simultaneous determination of four non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in river water
Authors: Pinheiro Jeiza F. , Silva Lanna K. , Fonseca Naldirene N. , Sousa Érika M. L. , Lima Diana L. D. , Sousa Eliane R. , Silva Gilmar S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTo simultaneously determine the non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs ketoprofen, nimesulide, diclofenac and ibuprofen in river water, a simple and cost‐effective solidified floating organic drop microextraction method coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography was developed. Through multivariate optimization, the variables extracting volume, dispersive volume, sample pH and ionic strength were optimized by a full factorial design 24 and Doehlert matrix. The optimized experimental conditions were 30 μL of extracting solvent (1‐dodecanol), 300 μL of dispersive solvent (acetonitrile) and sample pH of 2. The optimized method showed low limits of detection (0.05 to 0.09 μg L−1), satisfactory recoveries (up to 118%) and enrichment factors ranging from 67 to 197. The optimized method applied in river water samples showed low matrix effects, making it possible to apply this method successfully for the quantification of four NSAIDs in river water samples.