bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety climate, leadership and patient views associated with hip fracture care quality and clinician perceptions of hip fracture care performance
Authors: Do Vu Quang , Mitchell Rebecca , Clay-Williams Robyn , Taylor Natalie , Ting Hsuen Pei , Arnolda Gaston , Braithwaite Jeffrey 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Hip fracture is a major public health concern for older adults, requiring surgical treatment for patients presenting at hospitals across Australia. Although guidelines have been developed to drive appropriate care of hip fracture patients in hospitals, data on health outcomes suggest these are not well-followed.

Objective
This study aims to examine whether clinician measures of safety, teamwork and leadership, and patient perceptions of care are associated with key indicators of hip fracture care and the extent to which there is agreement between clinician perceptions of hip fracture care performance and actual hospital performance of hip fracture care.

Methods
Retrospective analysis was performed on a series of questionnaires used to assess hospital department- and patient-level measures from the Deepening our Understanding of Quality in Australia study. Data were analysed from 32 public hospitals that encompassed 23 leading hip fracture clinicians, 716 patient medical records and 857 patients from orthopaedic public hospital wards.

Results
Aggregated across all hospitals, only 5 of 12 of the key hip fracture indicators had ≥50% adherence. Adherence to indicators requiring actions to be performed within a recommended time period was poor (7.2–25.6%). No Patient Measure of Safety or clinician-based measures of teamwork, safety climate or leadership were associated with adherence to key indicators of hip fracture care. Simple proportionate agreement between clinician perceptions and actual hospital performance was generally strong, but few agreement coefficients were compelling.

Conclusion
The development of strong quality management processes requires ongoing effort. The findings of this study provide important insights into the relationship between hospital care and outcomes for hip fracture patients and could drive the design of targeted interventions for improved quality assurance of hip fracture care.
An architecture for research computing in health to support clinical and translational investigators with electronic patient data
Authors: Campion Thomas R , Sholle Evan T , Pathak Jyotishman , Johnson Stephen B , Leonard John P , Cole Curtis L 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objective
Obtaining electronic patient data, especially from electronic health record (EHR) systems, for clinical and translational research is difficult. Multiple research informatics systems exist but navigating the numerous applications can be challenging for scientists. This article describes Architecture for Research Computing in Health (ARCH), our institution’s approach for matching investigators with tools and services for obtaining electronic patient data.

Materials and Methods
Supporting the spectrum of studies from populations to individuals, ARCH delivers a breadth of scientific functions—including but not limited to cohort discovery, electronic data capture, and multi-institutional data sharing—that manifest in specific systems—such as i2b2, REDCap, and PCORnet. Through a consultative process, ARCH staff align investigators with tools with respect to study design, data sources, and cost. Although most ARCH services are available free of charge, advanced engagements require fee for service.

Results
Since 2016 at Weill Cornell Medicine, ARCH has supported over 1200 unique investigators through more than 4177 consultations. Notably, ARCH infrastructure enabled critical coronavirus disease 2019 response activities for research and patient care.

Discussion
ARCH has provided a technical, regulatory, financial, and educational framework to support the biomedical research enterprise with electronic patient data. Collaboration among informaticians, biostatisticians, and clinicians has been critical to rapid generation and analysis of EHR data.

Conclusion
A suite of tools and services, ARCH helps match investigators with informatics systems to reduce time to science. ARCH has facilitated research at Weill Cornell Medicine and may provide a model for informatics and research leaders to support scientists elsewhere.
The Myth of Mayoral Leadership in Local Government Resource Allocation: A Multilevel Analysis with Brazilian Municipalities
Authors: Gomes Ricardo C , Osborne Stephen P , Lisboa Erika 
Published: November 2021

AbstractResource allocation is paramount to local government strategic planning. There is, however, a gap in studies examining the determining factors of resource allocation decisions in the public sector. This study contributes to the public management literature by providing additional theories for explaining local government resource allocation in a very important sector in the local government context: educational services. Stakeholder theory provides insights into external influences as economic, political, and managerial types. Evidence comes from a panel dataset of large Brazilian municipalities (over 100,000 inhabitants) for the 2009–2016 period. Regression analysis provides empirical evidence that stakeholders can influence decisions about expenditure and investments in infrastructure. The findings challenge the assumption that mayors are at the apex of the local government hierarchy and make solitary decisions. The article also contributes to strategic management theory, indicating that stakeholders are likely to shape local government resource allocation decisions, something that had not been considered as likely hitherto.
Improving the diameters of interferometric calibrators with MATISSE
Authors: Robbe-Dubois S , Cruzalèbes P , Berio Ph , Meilland A , Petrov R-G , Allouche F , Salabert D , Paladini C , Matter A , Millour F , Lagarde S , Lopez B , Burtscher L , Jaffe W , Hron J , Percheron I , van Boekel R , Weigelt G , Stee Ph 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
A good knowledge of the angular diameters of stars used to calibrate the observables in stellar interferometry is fundamental. As the available precision for giant stars is worse than the required per cent level, we aim to improve the knowledge of many diameters using MATISSE (Multiple AperTure mid-Infrared SpectroScopic Experiment) data in its different instrumental configurations. Using the squared visibility MATISSE observable, we compute the angular diameter value, which ensures the best-fitting curves, assuming an intensity distribution of a uniform disc. We take into account that the transfer function varies over the wavelength and is different from one instrumental configuration to another. The uncertainties on the diameters are estimated using the residual bootstrap method. Using the low spectral resolution mode in the Lband, we observed a set of 35 potential calibrators selected in the Mid-infrared stellar Diameter and Flux Compilation Catalogue with diameters ranging from about 1 to 3 mas. We reach a precision on the diameter estimates in the range 0.6 per cent to 4.1 per cent. The study of the stability of the transfer function in visibility over two nights makes us confident in our results. In addition, we identify one star, 75 Vir initially present in the calibrator lists, for which our method does not converge, and prove to be a binary star. This leads us to the conclusion that our method is actually necessary to improve the quality of the astrophysical results obtained with MATISSE, and that it can be used as a useful tool for ‘bad calibrator’ detection.
Hundreds of Out-of-Frame Remodeled Gene Families in theEscherichia coliPangenome
Authors: Watson Andrew K , Lopez Philippe , Bapteste Eric 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAll genomes include gene families with very limited taxonomic distributions that potentially represent new genes and innovations in protein-coding sequence, raising questions on the origins of such genes. Some of these genes are hypothesized to have formed de novo, from noncoding sequences, and recent work has begun to elucidate the processes by which de novo gene formation can occur. A special case of de novo gene formation, overprinting, describes the origin of new genes from noncoding alternative reading frames of existing open reading frames (ORFs). We argue that additionally, out-of-frame gene fission/fusion events of alternative reading frames of ORFs and out-of-frame lateral gene transfers could contribute to the origin of new gene families. To demonstrate this, we developed an original pattern-search in sequence similarity networks, enhancing the use of these graphs, commonly used to detect in-frame remodeled genes. We applied this approach to gene families in 524 complete genomes of Escherichia coli. We identified 767 gene families whose evolutionary history likely included at least one out-of-frame remodeling event. These genes with out-of-frame components represent ∼2.5% of all genes in the E. coli pangenome, suggesting that alternative reading frames of existing ORFs can contribute to a significant proportion of de novo genes in bacteria.
Relaxed 3D genome conformation facilitates the pluripotent to totipotent-like state transition in embryonic stem cells
Authors: Zhu Yezhang , Yu Jiali , Gu Jiahui , Xue Chaoran , Zhang Long , Chen Jiekai , Shen Li 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The 3D genome organization is crucial for gene regulation. Although recent studies have revealed a uniquely relaxed genome conformation in totipotent early blastomeres of both fertilized and cloned embryos, how weakened higher-order chromatin structure is functionally linked to totipotency acquisition remains elusive. Using low-input Hi-C, ATAC-seq and ChIP-seq, we systematically examined the dynamics of 3D genome and epigenome during pluripotent to totipotent-like state transition in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The spontaneously converted 2-cell-embryo-like cells (2CLCs) exhibited more relaxed chromatin architecture compared to ESCs, including global weakening of both enhancer-promoter interactions and TAD insulation. While the former correlated with inactivation of ESC enhancers and down-regulation of pluripotent genes, the latter might facilitate contacts between the putative new enhancers arising in 2CLCs and neighboring 2C genes. Importantly, disruption of chromatin organization by depleting CTCF or the cohesin complex promoted the ESC to 2CLC transition. Our results thus establish a critical role of 3D genome organization in totipotency acquisition.
Diet composition of reintroduced Red-and-Green Macaws reflects gradual adaptation to life in the wild
Authors: Volpe Noelia L , Thalinger Bettina , Vilacoba Elisabet , Braukmann Thomas W A , Di Giacomo Adrián S , Berkunsky Igor , Lijtmaer Darío A , Steinke Dirk , Kopuchian Cecilia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOver the last two centuries, the Red-and-Green Macaw (Ara chloropterus) has become locally extinct in Argentina. In an attempt to restore its key ecosystem functions as both disperser and regulator of large-seeded plants, a reintroduction project was initiated at the Iberá National Park in northeastern Argentina. The ability of released individuals to find food is crucial, especially when working with captive-bred animals, as long-term establishment of a self-sustaining population depends on their short-term ability to exploit wild food sources. Monitoring of feeding habits is usually conducted through behavioral observation, but in recent years DNA metabarcoding has emerged as an alternative for obtaining highly resolved data on diet composition. In this study, we use a combination of both techniques to characterize the breadth and composition of the reintroduced macaws' diet. In addition, we compare the efficiency of both observational and molecular techniques to assess diet composition in a frugivorous bird. Individuals fed on a variety of plant species (n = 49) belonging to a broad phylogenetic spectrum (28 families). Dietary richness estimated by direct observation and DNA metabarcoding was similar, though smaller than the combination of the two datasets as both techniques detected at least 15 species not recorded by the other method. While the total number of detected species was higher for observational data, the rate of species-detection per sampling day was higher for DNA metabarcoding. These results suggest that a combination of both methods is required in order to obtain the most accurate account of the total diversity of the diet of a bird species. The ability of reintroduced macaws to successfully exploit local food resources throughout the year indicates a good level of adjustment to the release site, an important step towards the creation of a stable, self-sustaining population of Red-and-Green Macaws in Northern Argentina.
Enhanced Ecologies and Ecosystem Engineering
Authors: McNiven Ian J. , Manne Tiina , Ross Annie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Anthropological and archaeological representations of Aboriginal Australians as hunter-gatherers adapting to the natural availability of food resources are simplistic and inconsistent with ethnographic records of active, strategic, and sociopolitically meaningful resource enhancement. Scholarship over the past four decades has documented plant and animal food resource enhancement by Aboriginal Australians that blur socioeconomic boundaries with agricultural societies of New Guinea. Enhancements were achieved by using intimate knowledge of local ecological processes to modify ecosystems through a range of strategies such as landscape burning, animal translocation, protected rearing, shelter creation, and restocking. These strategies were embedded within broader sociocultural and sociopolitical domains that were often accompanied by ritual. Such engineered food enhancement practices reveal that many documented and modelled associations between environment and behaviour are in fact correlations between behaviour and the products of behaviour. The uneven distribution of animal resource enhancement practices across Australia indicates considerable regional diversity and supports existing views that many enhancements are related to regionally specific and historically contingent developments in social complexity.
George Petrie (1790–1866) as a collector of Irish song
Authors: Cooper David 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter considers the contribution of George Petrie as a collector and publisher of Irish song. His upbringing, his professional career first as an artist and subsequently as an archaeologist, and his role as a leading figure in the Royal Irish Academy, all provided important contexts for his collection of traditional song. As the head of the orthographical and etymological section for the Memoir of the Ordnance Survey of Ireland he worked closely with two of the most important Irish scholars of the time, Eugene O’Curry and John O’Donovan, and their influence proved invaluable when he was made president of the Society for the Preservation and Publication of the Music of Ireland in 1851. The various sources of the songs he collected and his approach to their notation are considered, as are the characteristics of the contents of the only completed publication of the Society for the Preservation and Publication of the Music of Ireland, The Petrie Collection of the Ancient Music of Ireland in 1855.
Robert Owenson’s macaronic song repertoire and the Dublin theatre audience of the late eighteenth century
Authors: Burke Helen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article argues that Robert Owenson’s bilingual song repertoire represents an urban strain of the Irish macaronic tradition which developed over the course of the eighteenth century as Irish-speaking poets and song composers responded to a public that was increasingly diglossic. In Owenson’s case, this repertoire was formed from the crossings between songs and tunes from the Irish-speaking area where this performer grew up, and those that came out of the playhouses, taverns, and streets of Dublin, the city where he spent his twenty-year Irish stage career. The article also explores the politics of these songs and the Dublin audience’s shifting response to their performance. While Owenson’s songs were enthusiastically received in the years leading up to 1782, a period dominated politically by the patriots and the Volunteers, they provoked a reactionary backlash in the later 1780s and 1790s when Dublin’s radical element began claiming them as their own.
‘Master-pieces of their kind’
Authors: Ní Mhunghaile Lesa 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter discusses the compositions of the blind seventeenth- and eighteenth-century harper-composer Turlough Carolan (Toirdhealbhach Ó Cearbhalláin) and the manner in which they were employed during the Celtic Revival by eighteenth-century Irish antiquarians and scholars in their recovery of the Gaelic past. Motivated by an interest in the native music and song of Ireland that was in turn sparked by the romantic movement, the vogue for primitivism, and the cult of the bard, scholars such as Joseph Cooper Walker, Charlotte Brooke, and James Hardiman re-invented Carolan’s image as that of a bard and a musical genius and elevated his compositions to a higher status than they had achieved during his lifetime. In doing so, they brought his work to a wider English-speaking audience.
Swift and song
Authors: Carpenter Andrew 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Jonathan Swift was surrounded by songs and singing. From his days as a student in Dublin in the 1680s to his death in the deanery in the Dublin liberties in 1745, street singing sounded in his ears. He was certainly aware of the power of song and wrote several poems, particularly political ones, that seem designed for singing. Yet he also wrote parodies of songs and was, famously, uninterested in music or secular singing—having a particular aversion to opera. This chapter looks at the text of some of Swift’s song-like poems and asks what their performance as songs might have meant to his contemporaries—and, indeed, to him.
Ceremonial song in eighteenth-century Dublin
Authors: Murphy Estelle 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The tradition of composing welcome, birthday, and New Year’s Day odes for the monarch in London is one that dates to as early as 1617. It was not until almost a century later that an equivalent tradition in Dublin is evident. The Dublin ode tradition has often been viewed as an imitation of that established at the London court, and, while it doubtless took the London odes as its model initially, its poets and composers developed a series of works that stand apart as unique in their rationale, style, and even musical genre. This chapter shall demonstrate that the Dublin works were distinctive in their political and social intent and function, their poetry housing the intentions of a loyal polity on the margins of the empire that had a unique and complex identity and relationship with Britain. It will discuss the music and word-setting of the works composed by Masters of the State Music Johann Sigismund Cousser and Matthew Dubourg, showing that this ceremonial music for Dublin constitutes a body of works invaluable to our understanding of the cultural and political climate in the city in the eighteenth century.
Trolls and Hacktivists
Authors: Beyer Jessica L. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Online communities have long been the sites of political mobilization. Work on these communities in relation to politics sits at the intersection of the study of social movements broadly as well as hacktivism specifically; anthropological and cultural studies of online culture, including trolling; and work focused on the affordances of social platforms. Drawing on four linked cases of online community mobilization—4chan and trolling culture, Anonymous, Gamergate, and the 2016 US presidential election—the author discusses this varied theory and its ability to contribute to the understanding of online communities as a political and social phenomenon. The author illustrates that there are distinct repertoires of contention that emerged from 4chan prior to 2008 that subsequent movements refined and adapted. The author argues that 4chan’s affordances created a cultural identity that was durable, with shared discourse, affirmation of group values, and a history of collective action that served as a base for mobilization. These modes of collective action, including organized harassment, have since been adopted by a range of political actors. Future research should address questions of movement durability, emergence, and the interplay between internet affordances and offline contexts.
Sexual Harassment
Authors: Beiner Theresa M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores the origins, development, and current status of workplace sexual harassment law. Sexual harassment law owes its genesis to a combination of grass-roots feminist organizing and legal feminist theorizing. After initial losses in the courts, feminist lawyers and their clients scored significant victories in the court system. Employers and those accused of discrimination soon fought back, including by participating in the development of an extensive system of training and anti-sexual harassment policies that have not proven helpful to targets of sexual harassment. Feminist legal scholars have offered critiques of the courts’ decisions, taking a variety of approaches to increasing the law’s efficacy and extending its reach to encompass the experiences of men, women of color, and sexual minorities. Yet, plaintiffs using Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the main federal antidiscrimination statute applicable to sex discrimination in employment, continue to find themselves thrust out of court due to formalistic rules developed in the court system. This has led other scholars to suggest different legal approaches to address this persistent and disturbing form of workplace discrimination. Whether current grass-roots campaigns like the #MeToo movement will prove more effective than prior legal efforts remains to be seen.
Trade
Authors: van Lieshout Elisabeth 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Large and expanding flows of goods across borders are one of the core features of globalization. This article surveys the literature on the causes and effects of these international trade flows. It examines first the underlying economic drivers of these flows, next the ways in which geography, geopolitics, and trade policy shape the costs and uncertainty firms face in making their export decisions, and lastly the self-perpetuating but inequality-creating impact of international trade flows on domestic politics. The article points out both existing connections and opportunities for further integration between the literatures in international political economy, economics, and comparative politics.
Liberalization
Authors: Betz Timm , Pond Amy 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Liberalization is the removal of barriers to the cross-border movement of capital, goods, and people. Understanding liberalization is central to understanding how governments respond to and shape the global economy. This article reviews the literature on liberalization from a public-goods perspective, where liberalization is seen as benefiting the population as a whole, and from a private-goods perspective, where liberalization benefits a select few. These perspectives are united by questions over who supports liberalization, when liberalization occurs, and how governments liberalize markets. The article further explores the methods and approaches used by American International Political Economy (IPE), represented by articles published in International Organization, and British IPE, represented by articles published in the Review of International Political Economy.