bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-SEM Fault Isolation Using Voltage Contrast, EBIC/EBAC and Resistive Contrast Imaging
Authors: Sarnecki Lori L. , Daigneault Caleb 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
With the ever shrinking semiconductor device features coupled with the increasing circuit density, optical level fault localization techniques such as Photon Emission Microscopy (PEM), Laser Signal Injection Microscopy (LSIM) and Thermal Hotspot Localization (THS) can only get you so far due to these limitations: magnification, spot size and drop in detection sensitive at higher magnification. Using a 100x objective can put you in the ball park. Test data such as ATE & ATPG can point you to a specific block of circuitry but still far from defect localization. With in-SEM fault isolation and localization techniques such as Voltage Contrast (VC), Electron Beam Induced/Absorb Current (EBIC/EBAC) and Resistive Contrast Imaging (RCI), the nano-scale defect can be further localized due to the advantage of the magnification and spot size. This paper offers the combined techniques of optical level fault localization (PEM, LSIM & THS) and in- SEM or E-beam techniques (VC, EBAC, RCI) to successfully perform fault localization when challenged with the above scenarios.
Failure Case Studies of GaAs-Based Oxide-Confined VCSELs
Authors: Ho Kuang-Tse , Chan Ching-Hsiang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This research summarizes a variety of physical failure modes of GaAs-based oxide-confined VCSELs and their root causes. Standard failure analysis procedure, which includes defect fault isolation by PEM or IR-OBIRCH and physical inspection by TEM analysis are also presented in detail.
On Debugging Intermittent Chain Hold-time Failures Caused by Process Variations for FinFET Technology
Authors: Tang Huaxing , Yang Allen , Shu Zhanjun , Cai Eden , Chen Shizhong , Wen Xin , Meng Fanjin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Scan-based test has been the industrial standard method for screening manufacturing defects. Scan chains are vulnerable to most manufacturing defects and process variations. Therefore, chain failures diagnosis is critical for successful yield learning. However, traditional chain diagnosis requires failing masking patterns to identify faulty chains and their fault types for designs with test compression. In other words, it cannot diagnose the chain failures which don't fail the masking chain patterns. Unfortunately, advanced FinFET technologies with more manufacturing challenges and higher process variations may result in more subtle chain timing failures which can't be detected by chain masking patterns. In this work, we present a new debugging methodology, which combines chain diagnosis and tester-based test to effectively diagnose such intermittent chain failures. The proposed methodology is validated on silicon data for one modern large SOC design and successfully identified all scan cells with hold-time issues, which were validated by STA with corrected models. The subsequent mask fixes for these identified hold-time violations resolved this yield issue and dramatically improve the yield.
Utility of prediction model score: a proposed tool to standardize the performance and generalizability of clinical predictive models based on systematic review
Authors: Ehresman Jeff , Lubelski Daniel , Pennington Zach , Hung Bethany , Ahmed A. Karim , Azad Tej D. , Lehner Kurt , Feghali James , Buser Zorica , Harrop James , Wilson Jefferson , Kurpad Shekar , Ghogawala Zoher , Sciubba Daniel M. 
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristics and performance of current prediction models in the fields of spine metastasis and degenerative spine disease to create a scoring system that allows direct comparison of the prediction models.

METHODS
A systematic search of PubMed and Embase was performed to identify relevant studies that included either the proposal of a prediction model or an external validation of a previously proposed prediction model with 1-year outcomes. Characteristics of the original study and discriminative performance of external validations were then assigned points based on thresholds from the overall cohort.

RESULTS
Nine prediction models were included in the spine metastasis category, while 6 prediction models were included in the degenerative spine category. After assigning the proposed utility of prediction model score to the spine metastasis prediction models, only 1 reached the grade of excellent, while 2 were graded as good, 3 as fair, and 3 as poor. Of the 6 included degenerative spine models, 1 reached the excellent grade, while 3 studies were graded as good, 1 as fair, and 1 as poor.

CONCLUSIONS
As interest in utilizing predictive analytics in spine surgery increases, there is a concomitant increase in the number of published prediction models that differ in methodology and performance. Prior to applying these models to patient care, these models must be evaluated. To begin addressing this issue, the authors proposed a grading system that compares these models based on various metrics related to their original design as well as internal and external validation. Ultimately, this may hopefully aid clinicians in determining the relative validity and usability of a given model.
Criticism of Document Hypothesis and the Problem of Pentateuch’s Origin in Rolf Randtorff's Theoretical Developments
Authors: Лаврентьев Андрей Валентинович 
Published: February 2021

В статье2 проблематизируется круг вопросов, затрагивающий область исагогического изучения текстов Пятикнижия, а именно вопросы возникновения и формирования корпуса книг Торы. В этой связи обсуждается ряд исследовательских методов и теорий, разработанных в пределах западноевропейской библейской критической науки. Среди указанных подходов внимание уделяется Документальной гипотезе, критике форм и критике преданий. Предлагается экспликация и анализ критики Документальной гипотезы, осуществлённой немецким библеистом Рольфом Рендторффом в 70-е годы XX в. Обозначаются и обсуждаются альтернативные взгляды на происхождение и формирование Пятикнижия, предложенные Р. Рендторффом, а также те практические разработки учёного, которые наглядно демонстрируют характер его методологии. В статье предлагается попытка обсуждения и осмысления теоретических и практических положений трудов Рендторффа (а вместе с ними и интенций всей западной библейской критической науки) с конфессиональной (православной) позиции.
This paper focuses on the range of issues which affect isagogical study of the Pentateuchal texts namely the issues of origin and formation of Torah corpus. In this regard we discuss a range of investigative methods and theories developed within the western biblical criticism among which Documental Hypothesis, form and tradition criticism have assumed a special significance in the past century. The present study explicates and analyzes the Documental Hypothesis’ criticism carried out by german Old Testament scholar Rolf Rendtorff in the 1970s. Alternative views on the origin and formation of the Pentateuch proposed by Randtorff, as well as those practical developments of the scientist, which clearly demonstrate the nature of his methodology, are identified and discussed. The article suggests an attempt to discuss and comprehend the theoretical and practical points of Randtorff’s works - and together with them the intentions of all Western biblical critical science - from the orthodox position.
Palestinian Campaign of the Egyptian Pharaoh Susakim in the Bible and Extra-Biblical Sources
Authors: Акимов Сергий 
Published: February 2021

В статье рассматривается проблема сопоставления библейских данных о походе фараона Сусакима на Иерусалим при иудейском царе Ровоаме с древнеегипетскими сведениями о военном походе в Палестину фараона Шешонка. Решение данной проблемы имеет особое значение, поскольку поход в Палестину Сусакима является первой библейской историей, которая может иметь прямое соответствие во внебиблейских источниках. В статье анализируются особенности библейского сообщения о данном походе, свидетельства Иосифа Флавия, рассматриваются различные подходы современных западных учёных к реконструкции истории похода фараона Шешонка, описанного на портале Бубастидов в Карнакском храме. Изучение библейских и внебиблейских данных о военном походе Шешонка поднимает принципиальный вопрос о том, как следует относиться к историческим событиям, описанным в Библии.
The article discusses the problem of comparing the biblical data on the campaign of Pharaoh Susakim to Jerusalem under the Jewish king Rehoboam and ancient Egyptian infor mation about the military campaign in Palestine of Pharaoh Sheshonk. The solution to this prob lem is of particular importance, since a Susakim’s campaign to Palestine is the first history of the Bible, which can be directly correlated in extrabiblical sources. The article analyzes the features of the biblical message about this campaign, the testimony of Josephus Flavius, discusses vari ous approaches of modern Western scholars to reconstructing the history of the campaign of the Pharaoh Sheshonok, described on the Bubastid portal in the Karnak Temple. A study of the bibli cal and extrabiblical data on the military campaign of Sheshonka raises the fundamental ques tion of how to perceive the historical events described in the Bible.
Biological Features of Reversion from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Normal Cognition: A Study of Cerebrospinal Fluid Markers and Brain Volume
Authors: Moradi Kamyar , Faghani Shahriar , Abdolalizadeh AmirHussein , Khomeijani-Farahani Mohammadreza , Ashraf-Ganjouei Amir ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: February 2021

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transitional condition between normal cognition and dementia. Although a significant proportion of the population with MCI experience reversion to normal cognition, it is still poorly understood. Objective: This study was designed to extend the present evidence regarding the difference between stable and reverting MCI by including whole brain atrophy measures as possible parameters involved. Methods: 405 patients diagnosed with MCI at baseline were selected. After one-year follow-up period, 337 patients (83.2%) were categorized as stable MCI and 68 patients (16.8%) reverted to cognitively normal status (reversion group). Several baseline biomarkers including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of AD, including Aβ42, t-tau, and p-tau and MRI-based atrophy measurements were compared. Results: Participants with stable MCI demonstrated greater brain atrophy as well as lower Aβ and higher tau proteins in the CSF. The atrophy rate was found to be associated with CSF biomarkers merely in the stable group, after adjustment for confounding variables. Conclusion: These findings provide novel evidence regarding the biological perspective of the reversion phenomenon in individuals with MCI.
Does Informant-Based Reporting of Cognitive Decline Correlate with Age-Adjusted Hippocampal Volume in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease?
Authors: Sabbagh Marwan , Miller Justin , Jones Stephen , Ritter Aaron , Shi Jiong , DeCourt Boris , Wint Dylan 
Published: February 2021

Background: Informant-based measures are effective screening tools for cognitive impairment. The Alzheimer’s Questionnaire (AQ) is a subjective, informant-based measure that detects amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with high sensitivity and specificity and has been shown to predict amyloid burden. Objective: To determine whether informant-based report of cognitive decline correlates with hippocampal volume changes in MCI and AD. Methods: Retrospective chart review of 139 clinically referred patients with clinical diagnoses of aMCI or mild dementia due to AD was conducted. Diagnostic status (clinical diagnosis made by a neurologist), NeuroQuant measured MRI brain with percentile rank hippocampal volume, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) total, AQ-Total score, and demographic variables were extracted from medical records. Spearman correlation was used to assess the relationship between hippocampal volume and AQ-Total. The AQ was used to assign diagnostic status. Thus, the relationship between the AQ and diagnostic status was excluded. Results: The sample include 88 female and 51 male participants. The mean age was 74.37±9.45, mean MOCA was 22.65±4.18, mean education was 14.80±3.35, and mean AQ score was 10.54±5.22. Hippocampal volume and the AQ correlation was r = –0.33 [95%CI –0.47 to –0.17], p < 0.0001. Conclusion: In a mixed-clinical sample of patients presenting to an outpatient memory disorders center, higher endorseme-nts of functional impairments by caregivers were significantly associated with smaller hippocampal volumes. When used in conjunction with other available measures, these findings further support the role of the AQ in clinical decision-making and demonstrate an additional relationship between clinical measures and volumetric MRI.
Association Between Elevated Depressive Symptoms and Cognitive Function Moderated by APOE4 Status: Framingham Offspring Study
Authors: Piers Ryan J. , Liu Yulin , Ang Ting F.A. , Tao Qiushan , Au Rhoda , Qiu Wei Qiao 
Published: February 2021

Background: Depression and Apolipoprotein E4 ( APOE4) are associated with decreased cognitive function and differences in brain structure. Objective: This study investigated whether APOE4 status moderates the association between elevated depressive symptoms, cognitive function, and brain structure. Methods: Stroke- and dementia-free participants ( n = 1,968) underwent neuropsychological evaluation, brain MRI, and depression screening. Linear and logistic regression was used to examine all associations. Secondary analyses were performed using interaction terms to assess effect modification by APOE4 status. Results: Elevated depressive symptoms were associated with lower cognitive performance in several domains. In stratified analyses, elevated depressive symptoms were associated with poorer visual short- and long-term memory performance for APOE4 + participants. Elevated depressive symptoms were not associated with any brain structure in this study sample. Conclusion: Elevated depressive symptoms impact cognitive function in non-demented individuals. Having the APOE4 allele may exacerbate the deleterious effects of elevated depressive symptoms on visual memory performance. Screening for elevated depressive symptoms in both research studies and clinical practice may be warranted to avoid false positive identification of neurodegeneration, particularly among those who are APOE4 + .
Cognition at Each Stage of Lewy Body Disease with Co-occurring Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology
Authors: Ryman Sephira G. , Yutsis Maya , Tian Lu , Henderson Victor W. , Montine Thomas J. , Salmon David P. , Galasko Douglas , Poston Kathleen L. 
Published: February 2021

Background: Alzheimer’s disease neuropathologic change (ADNC) may contribute to dementia in patients with Lewy body disease (LBD) pathology. Objective: To examine how co-occurring ADNC impacts domain specific cognitive impairments at each pathologic stage (brainstem, limbic, cerebral cortical) of LBD. Methods: 2,433 participants with antemortem longitudinal neuropsychological assessment and postmortem neuropathological assessment from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center’s Uniform Data Set were characterized based on the evaluation of ADNC and LBD. Longitudinal mixed-models were used to derive measures of cumulative cognitive deficit for each cognitive domain at each pathologic stage of LBD (brainstem, limbic, and cerebral cortical). Results: 111 participants with a pathologic diagnosis of LBD, 741 participants with combined LBD and ADNC, 1,357 participants with ADNC only, and 224 with no pathology (healthy controls) were included in the analyses. In the executive/visuospatial domain, combined LBD and ADNC showed worse deficits than LBD only when Lewy bodies were confined to the brainstem, but no difference when Lewy bodies extended to the limbic or cerebral cortical regions. The cerebral cortical LBD only group exhibited greater executive/visuospatial deficits than the ADNC only group. By contrast, the ADNC only group and the combined pathology group both demonstrated significantly greater cumulative memory deficits relative to Lewy body disease only, regardless of stage. Conclusion: The impact of co-occurring ADNC on antemortem cumulative cognitive deficits varies not only by domain but also on the pathological stage of Lewy bodies. Our findings stress the cognitive impact of different patterns of neuropathological progression in Lewy body diseases.
Metabolic, Phenotypic, and Neuropathological Characterization of the Tg4-42 Mouse Model for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Hinteregger Barbara , Loeffler Tina , Flunkert Stefanie , Neddens Joerg , Bayer Thomas A. , Madl Tobias , Hutter-Paier Birgit 
Published: February 2021

Background: Preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD) research strongly depends on transgenic mouse models that display major symptoms of the disease. Although several AD mouse models have been developed representing relevant pathologies, only a fraction of available mouse models, like the Tg4-42 mouse model, display hippocampal atrophy caused by the death of neurons as the key feature of AD. The Tg4-42 mouse model is therefore very valuable for use in preclinical research. Furthermore, metabolic biomarkers which have the potential to detect biochemical changes, are crucial to gain deeper insights into the pathways, the underlying pathological mechanisms and disease progression. Objective: We thus performed an in-depth characterization of Tg4-42 mice by using an integrated approach to analyze alterations of complex biological networks in this AD in vivo model. Methods: Therefore, untargeted NMR-based metabolomic phenotyping was combined with behavioral tests and immunohistological and biochemical analyses. Results: Our in vivo experiments demonstrate a loss of body weight increase in homozygous Tg4-42 mice over time as well as severe impaired learning behavior and memory deficits in the Morris water maze behavioral test. Furthermore, we found significantly altered metabolites in two different brain regions and metabolic changes of the glutamate/4-aminobutyrate-glutamine axis. Based on these results, downstream effects were analyzed showing increased Aβ42 levels, increased neuroinflammation as indicated by increased astro- and microgliosis as well as neuronal degeneration and neuronal loss in homozygous Tg4-42 mice. Conclusion: Our study provides a comprehensive characterization of the Tg4-42 mouse model which could lead to a deeper understanding of pathological features of AD. Additionally this study reveals changes in metabolic biomarker which set the base for future preclinical studies or drug development.
Red raspberry (poly)phenolic extract improves diet-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in obese mice
Authors: Song Haizhao , Shen Xinchun , Chu Qiang , Zheng Xiaodong 
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND: Red raspberry ( Rubus idaeus L.), a natural dietary source of (poly)phenols, has been used as medicine for centuries. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of a red raspberry (poly)phenolic extract (RPE) on diet-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance, and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS: Male specific pathogen-free C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups ( n = 12 per group), and fed with low-fat diet (10% fat energy), high-fat diet (HFD, 45% fat energy), or HFD supplemented with RPE of 150 mg/kg body weight by intragastric administration for 14 weeks. Obesity-related biochemical indexes and hepatic gene expression levels were determined. The statistical analyses were conducted using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s multiple range test. RESULTS: The body weight gain, steatosis grade scores and insulin resistance index in the RPE group decreased by 34.48% ( P = 0.00), 58.82% ( P = 0.00), and 53.77% ( P = 0.00), respectively, compared to those in the HFD group. Moreover, RPE supplement significantly changed the expression profile of the genes involved in lipid metabolism and fibroblast growth factor 21 signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that RPE protected from diet-induced obesity and related metabolic disorders by improving the lipid metabolism and fibroblast growth factor 21 resistance.
ENTREPRENEURIAL CHARACTERISTICS ARE VIEWED FROM SELF EFFICACY FOR ENTREPREUNEURS IN HARAPAN ISLAND
Authors: Ratnasari Kania 
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the profile of entrepreneurs in Harapan Island, then to find out the entrepreneurial characteristics and self-efficacy of business actors in Harapan Island. The distribution of questionnaires on entrepreneurial characteristics and self-efficacy was given to 40 entrepreneurs on Harapan Island. The data analysis used is quantitative descriptive analysis, Tabulation Data, Data Display and Conclusion Drawing. The results of this study are the majority of women entrepreneurs aged 44-50 years with an educational background, namely junior high. Then, the overall entrepreneurial characteristics included in the high category with the highest indicator, Need for Achievement and the lowest indicator, Propensity to Take Risk. As for overall self-efficacy, it is categorized as very high with the highest indicator being Strength and the lowest indicator being Generality.
The Mechanism for Recording and Analyzing Information about the Risks Contained in the Reports of Suspicious Transactions: Foreign Experience
Authors: Sergunina V. V. 
Published: February 2021

The article considers the foreign experience of functioning and application of the mechanism for accounting and analysis of information about risks contained in reports on suspicious transactions for the purpose of its further application in Russian conditions. The relevance is due to the need to improve the system for recording and analyzing information about risks contained in reports on suspicious transactions transmitted to in Rosfinmonitoring. Due to the involvement of noncredit nonfinancial organizations in the process of countering the proceeds of crime, the financing of ter- rorism and the financing of the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, the number of incoming reports to the Federal financial monitoring service is only increasing. All messages received are evaluated to determine whether they are suspicious or not. However, as the number of messages increases, the existing mechanism becomes less effective, and it needs to be updated and refined.The analysis of foreign experience was carried out on the basis of methods of theoretical and practical analysis, system analysis, comparison and classification methods. The methodology combines a review of the literature, analysis of research results of scientific specialists to comprehensively cover the goal.The study revealed that the analysis of suspicious transaction reports is used to assess the application of the Anti-Money Laundering/Combating the Financing of Terrorism regime, the level of risk awareness and compliance with risk management strategies. Under Anti-Money Laundering / Combating the Financing of Terrorism, it is useful to consider best practices to develop a mechanism for recording and analyzing risk information contained in suspicious transaction reports submitted to the Federal financial monitoring service.