bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competition or reciprocity? A study on the symbiosis of effective knowledge management between MNCs and non-MNCs
Authors: Hu Yelin , Zhang Qiwang , Yang Zhen , Huang Sujian 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between effective knowledge management and corporate performance, to explore the dynamic symbiosis phenomenon of effective knowledge management based on organizational ecology with multinational companies (MNCs) and non-multinational companies (non-MNCs) and to explore the symbiosis strategy of knowledge management between multinational and non-multinational companies (non-MNCs) in China.

Design/methodology/approach
To measure effective knowledge management, this paper first uses structural equation model to measure knowledge management, based on the evolution dynamics equation in organizational ecology to measure the effectiveness of knowledge management, and studies the symbiosis of effective knowledge management between MNCs and non-MNCs based on ecological perspective.

Findings
Effective knowledge management can promote the financial performance of enterprises, but different degrees of effectiveness have different effects. In addition, the coupling and collaboration between knowledge management and corporate performance can reflect the value of effective knowledge management. The results show that effective knowledge management plays a positive moderating effect between knowledge management and corporate performance. Finally, the effective knowledge management system of MNCs (non-MNCs) has negative effect on non-MNCs (MNCs), showing the exclusive relationship between MNCs and non-MNCs in China.

Research limitations/implications
The effectiveness of knowledge management is only based on the measurement of financial performance coupling. For other types of performance, it needs to be tested. The samples may not cover symbiosis relationship of effective knowledge management in other countries.

Practical implications
This paper provides practical and theoretical reference for confirming the symbiotic interaction and identifying the opportunities and challenges of knowledge management among different types of corporation groups.

Originality/value
The paper is one of the pioneering studies to explore the pattern of symbiotic evolution of effective knowledge management between MNCs and non-MNCs. From completely new perspectives, this study advances the research of knowledge management to a new and promising area.
What is your desire? Retail investor preferences in structured products
Authors: Baule Rainer , Muenchhalfen Patrick 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThe authors evaluate the preferences of retail investors with regard to the investment in structured financial products. The purpose of the paper is an analysis of the relative importance of key product attributes namely the issuing bank, the product structure, the associated costs and the disclosed risk.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conduct a choice-based conjoint analysis, based on an online experiment. Participants judge their preferences for products which are presented by shortened key information documents according to the requirements of EU regulation.FindingsInvestors consider the costs and the product structure to be most important, whereas the issuer and information on risk are of less interest. Their preferences depend on their (self-evaluated) expertise: while inexperienced retail investors concentrate on costs, experienced investors pay more attention to the product structure.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is limited to a subsegment of the market, the discount certificates. For these products, issuing banks gain insight into the attractiveness of their products. Furthermore, the study carries implications for regulators: since investors emphasize the costs in their decisions, an unbiased disclosure of costs should be enforced.Originality/valueWhile the recent literature has studied preferences for the investment in mutual funds, this is the first paper which directly analyzes the drivers of an investment in structured retail products.
Bond durability of universal adhesives to intact enamel surface in different etching modes
Authors: Suzuki Miho , Takamizawa Toshiki , Hirokane Eizo , Ishii Ryo , Tsujimoto Akimasa , Barkmeier Wayne W , Latta Mark A , Miyazaki Masashi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study aimed at determining the enamel bond durability of universal adhesives to intact enamel (IE) and ground enamel (GE) in different etching modes under thermal cycling (TC) and fatigue stresses. Two universal adhesives and a two‐step self‐etch adhesive were used. Enamel specimens were divided into four groups by treatment: (i) GE in etch‐and‐rinse, (ii) IE in etch‐and‐rinse, (iii) GE in self‐etch, and (iv) IE in self‐etch. Bonded specimens were subjected to TC, and then shear bond strengths (SBS) were conducted. SBS tests were also conducted after storage in 37°C water for 24 h (baseline). For shear fatigue strength (SFS) testing, bonded specimens were subjected to fatigue stress at a frequency of 10 Hz for 50,000 cycles. At baseline, all adhesives showed significantly higher SBS values with GE than IE in self‐etch mode in contrast to in etch‐and‐rinse mode. After TC, the universal adhesives with IE showed lower SBS values than the baseline, regardless of the etching mode. Universal adhesives showed significantly lower SFS values with IE in etch‐and‐rinse, but not in self‐etch mode. Phosphoric acid pre‐etching or grinding of the aprismatic enamel may be helpful in establishing reliable initial and long‐term bonds to enamel when using universal adhesives in self‐etch mode.
Avoidance of dental appointment due to cost and consequences for oral health‐related quality of life: 25‐yr follow‐up of Swedish adults
Authors: Åstrøm Anne Nordrehaug , Lie Stein Atle , Mastrovito Berit , Sannevik Josefin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe explored how socio‐demographic and personal characteristics contribute to avoidance of dental appointment due to cost over time from age 55 (in 1997) to 75 (in 2017) and assessed the implications for oral health‐related quality of life. In 1992, 6346 residents born in 1942 consented to participate in a prospective questionnaire survey, and 3060 (48.2%) of them completed postal follow‐ups every fifth year until 2017. Oral health‐related quality of life was assessed using the Oral Impact on Daily Performance inventory. The frequency of avoidance of dental appointment due to cost declined from 7.0% (in 1997) to 5.4% (in 2017), whereas the frequency of oral impacts declined from 26.0% in 2007 to 24.0% in 2017. Generalized Estimating Equation models revealed that avoidance of dental appointments due to cost was more likely reported in 1997 (OR: 1.5: 1.2–1.8) than in 2017, more likely in low educated people, and less likely in those using private dental care services. Avoidance of dental appointment due to cost was associated with impaired oral health‐related quality of life. Social inequalities in avoidance of dental appointment due to cost and oral impacts did not vary across time but persisted into older ages despite the dental health care reforms that had been implemented.
The effect of COVID‐19 stay‐at‐home order and campus closure on the prevalence of acute respiratory infection symptoms in college campus cohorts
Authors: Adenaiye Oluwasanmi , Bueno de Mesquita Paul Jacob , Wu Qiong , Hong Filbert , Lai Jianyu , Chen Shuo , Milton Donald K. ,   Prometheus@UMD Consortium
Published: March 2021

AbstractEvaluation of population‐based COVID‐19 control measures informs strategies to quell the current pandemic and reduce the impact of those yet to come. Effective COVID‐19 control measures may simultaneously reduce the incidence of other acute respiratory infections (ARIs) due to shared transmission modalities. To assess the impact of stay‐at‐home orders and other physical distancing measures on the prevalence of ARI‐related symptoms, we compared symptoms reported by prospective college cohorts enrolled during two consecutive academic years. ARI‐related symptoms declined following campus closure and implementation of stay‐at‐home orders, demonstrating the impact of population‐based physical distancing measures on control of a broad range of respiratory infections.
Frequency of rare, serious donor reactions: International perspective
Authors: Young Pampee , Crowder Lauren , Steele Whitney , Irving David , Pink Joanne , Kutner Jose Mauro , Yokoyama Ana Paula Hitomi , Van Buren Nancy , O'Sullivan Nicholas William , Sayers Merlyn , Alcantara Ramir Moreno , van den Hurk Katja , Wiersum‐Osselton Johanna , Shaz Beth ,   the Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion (BEST) Collaborative
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundSevere blood donor adverse events are rare, but due to their rarity studying them can be difficult. To get an accurate estimate of their frequency and rate in the donor population it may be necessary to combine donation data across countries.Study Design and MethodsInternational blood collection organizations (BCOs) provided data on rare/severe donor reactions as well as denominator information for their donor populations from 2015 to 2017. Donor reactions were classified using standardized definitions.ResultsBCOs from six countries provided reaction data for more than 22 million donations. A total of 480 rare reactions were reported of which 76.7% were imputed as definite and 11% probable. Rates of rare reactions were higher in females and first‐time donors. Systemic rare reactions were the most common reaction type, accounting for over three quarters of reactions reported. Of systemic reactions, vasovagal reactions with loss of consciousness and injury or off‐site (n = 350) made up the majority and occurred 1.53 per 100,000 donations. For the 22.3% that were localized reactions, the majority of these were cellulitis (n = 71, 0.31 per 100,000 donations) followed by deep venous thrombosis (n = 21, 0.09 per 100,000 donations).ConclusionPulling together data from multiple BCOs across countries allows for a better understanding of rare reactions, such as vasovagal reaction with injury or cellulitis, and for generating a reliable incidence rate for air embolism or compartment syndrome. However, gaps remain due to missing elements such as unknown donor status or location of reaction.
Approximation and Derivatives of Probability Functions in Probabilistic Structural Analysis and Design
Authors: Marti K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Yield stresses, allowable stresses, moment capacities (plastic moments), external loadings, manufacturing errors are not given fixed quantities in practice, but have to be modelled as random variables with a certain joint probability distribution. Hence, problems from limit (collapse) load analysis or plastic analysis and from plastic and elastic design of structures are treated in the framework of stochastic optimization. Using especially reliability-oriented optimization methods, the behavioral constraints are quantified by means of the corresponding probability ps of survival. Lower bounds for ps are obtained by selecting certain redundants in the vector of internal forces; moreover, upper bounds for ps are constructed by considering a pair of dual linear pro-prams for the optimizational representation of the yield or safety conditions. Whereas ps can be computed e.g. by sampling methods or by asymptotic expansion techniques based on Laplace integral representations of certain multiple integrals, efficient techniques for the computation of the sensitivities (of various orders) of ps with respect to input or design variables have yet to be developed. Hence several new techniques are suggested for the numerical computation of derivatives of ps.
A New Algorithm for Combinatorial Optimization
Authors: Gadallah M. H. , ElMaraghy H. A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A new algorithm for combinatorial search optimization is developed. This algorithm is based on orthogonal arrays as planning schemes and search graph techniques as representation schemes. Based on the algorithm, a discrete formulation is given to model two search domains. As an application, the algorithm is used to deal with the problem of least cost tolerance allocation with optimum process selection. Studies are performed to compare between different orthogonal array and column assignment and number of design levels with respect to optimum. The proposed algorithm is capable of dealing with continuous, discrete linear and nonlinear functions and is validated by test cases versus other local and global search methods.
PCB Layout Design Using a Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Jain Sakait , Gea Hae Chang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an approach to find the optimal design layout of chips on a circuit board in a manner that minimizes the area covered on the board and the connections between the various chips. In addition, there are no major heat sources next to each other and certain physical constraints are satisfied while finding a layout design. In this approach, the whole circuit board area is divided into a finite number of cells for mapping it into a genetic algorithm chromosome. The mutation and crossover operators have been modified and are applied in conjunction with connectivity analysis for the chips to reduce the creation of a lot of faulty generations. Examples of GA based chip layout are presented to show how each of the objectives are attained separately followed by examples to arrive at layouts using multiple objectives.
Modelling Hard Stops and Joint Clearances in Multibody Systems
Authors: Mehra A. , Shivaswamy S. , Lankarani H. M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Multibody mechanical systems that have hard stops or joint clearances, encounter changes in the system kinematic structure. Due to the joint clearances or hard stops, internal impacts within the joint geometry occur. As a result of these impacts, nonlinear contact forces of unknown nature are created, which act and disappear over a short period of time. These forces or their corresponding impulses are transmitted throughout the system. In this paper, a methodology for treatment of multibody mechanical systems with hard stops and joint clearances is discussed. The methodology is based on the development of different contact force models that include energy absorption, with which a continuous analysis of the system undergoing internal impact is performed. The concept of effective masses is used to take into account the effect of the entire system rather than the link or the joint that encounters a discontinuous motion. The methodology is more suitable than the conventional impulse / momentum formulation in its treatment of multiple impacts and it guarantees accurate solutions no matter how hard or soft the stops are. The method discussed is applied to a point follower mechanism and an aircraft landing gear latch mechanism.
Pipe Self-Reinforcing Outlets: Nonlinear Analysis Towards Rational Design
Authors: Carino Claudio , Carli Fabio , Cinquini Carlo , Gobbi Mauro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A class of self-reinforcing outlets addressed to a wide variety of plants and pipelines is analyzed in this paper in order to examine computer simulation in comparison with bursting tests commonly adopted in industry. Based on a specific pre-processor for mesh generation, finite element analysis is performed on a workstation by a software package suitably accounting for both geometrical and material nonlinearities. Besides stress distribution visualization, high-resolution post-processor capability allows to predict, with sufficient accuracy, plastic strain trend in critical area. This may provide, on the one hand, a powerful tool in view of anticipating proof testing results and, on the other hand, a useful guideline for design purposes in view of a more rational material usage and joint configuration, paying particular attention to the overall structural reliability and performance.
Design and Analysis of the Selective Compliance Device for Stacking Machine
Authors: Chang Sun-Lai 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
An innovative concept of the remote center semi-passive device for the material handling machine has been introduced. This device is used to adjust the final position and/or orientation of a package passively and quickly so that this package can fit into the package stack corner. In this paper, we have designed a double-pantograph mechanism to adjust the position of the package. We have also introduced the idea of using a four-bar linkage to remote the rotation center of the package so that the orientation can be adjusted passively. The workspace of such a device has been analyzed. The dimension has also been synthesized by optimization. Using this mechanism, the force control can be avoided and the control of this device becomes a feed-forward control. It is believed that its implementation will result in low cost, high speed, better stability and space efficiency of the package stack.
Probabilistic Design Methodology and the Application of Probabilistic Fault Tree Analysis to Machine Design
Authors: Onyebueke Landon C. , Onwubiko Chinyere , Chen Feng C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper gives an overview of Probabilistic Design Methodology (PDM) with emphasis on quantification of the effects of uncertainties for structural variables and the evaluation of failure probability. The application of Probabilistic Fault Tree Analysis (PFTA) to the design of a shaft carrying a spur gear is also presented. The PFTA includes the development of a fault tree to represent the system, construction of an approximation function for bottom events, computation of sensitivity factors of design variables, and the calculation of the system reliability. The computer code employed for the analyses is known as “Numerical Evaluation of Stochastic Structures Under Stress” (NESSUS). NESSUS is developed under NASA probabilistic structural analysis program.
Modeling Manufacturing Quality Constraints for Product Development
Authors: Ho Christopher M. , Otto Kevin N. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
When bringing a new or improved product to market, a design and manufacturing enterprise can speed the process and improve the result by understanding and designing within the manufacturing process used. We propose process characterization modeling and experiments aimed at uncovering their effect upon product functional requirement metrics. In a real industrial design and manufacturing enterprise, however, modeling and experiments are limited to activities that provide direct answers to short term real identified problems. This means that only a continuous improvement approach is practical to construct process constraint models. We demonstrate a methodology to quantify the quality constraints imposed on a product design by its manufacturing process.
We start with the sequence of operations transforming the incoming material into the final product, which is diagrammed into a topology of the operational sequence. Performance metrics are then identified which correspond to the customer requirements. Using engineering analysis, a basic model is developed relating known product and material variables to the metric. Production data, either from designed experiments or from natural variation occurring during production, are measured to validate the basic model. Next, each operation in the process topology is analyzed for potential effect upon the model. Modes of impact of each operation upon the metric are conceived, and quantified into the basic model. These modes become either supported or not by the production data. The methodology, therefore, is one of continuously improving the understanding of the process imposed constraints to improve the product. We demonstrate the methodology with a running example, characterizing the process imposed constraints upon a low temperature co-fired ceramic circuit assembly.
Turning Sketches Into Working Geometry
Authors: Stahovich Thomas F. , Davis Randall , Shrobe Howard 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We describe a program called SketchIT that uses a description of desired behavior to transform a sketch of a mechanical device into a “BEP-Model,” a parametric model with constraints that ensure the device produces the desired behavior. The program also generates alternative implementations for the design, each of which is represented as a BEP-Model. The program is based on qualitative configuration space, a novel representation for mechanical behavior.
Kinematic Simulation Using Qualitative Mechanism Models
Authors: Liu Jihong , Igoshi Masanori , Arai Eiji 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
When trying to use computers to aid designers at the conceptual design stage, it becomes clear that many traditional methods and support tools are incompetent because they mainly deal with sufficient and quantitative information. However, at the conceptual design stage, information is insufficient and mostly qualitative. The focus of this paper is on representing and reasoning about the geometry and motion of physical objects for mechanical conceptual design. A new concept, called qualitative spatial relation space (QSRS), is introduced to describe mechanisms of mechanical products by referring to the qualitative spatial relations between their components. A qualitative kinematic simulation system has been implemented to enable verification of functions of products at the conceptual design stage. The system derives motions of components caused by other components’ specified motions from the qualitative structural descriptions of products, and puts brief and comprehensible functional interpretations of products.
Near Optimal Approach to General Manufacturing Feature Extraction
Authors: Dong Jian (John) , Vijayan Sreedharan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Computers are being used increasingly in the process planning function. The starting point of this function involves interpreting design data from a CAD model of the designed component Feature-based technology is becoming an important tool for this. Automatic recognition of features and extraction of feature information from CAD data can be used to drive a process planning system. In this paper a new approach to automatic feature extraction called the Blank-Surface Concave-edge (BS-CE) approach is illustrated. This approach attempts to remove as much of the blank material with a given machine setup as possible. Hence intuitively one can say that the manufacturing cost of material removal may be minimized if this technique is employed. This feature extraction method is explained along with examples of its implementation. An analysis of alternate feature extraction results is performed and the cost of manufacture is compared to demonstrate the near optimal performance of this technique.
Off-Line Robot Programming in a Virtual Environment
Authors: Troy James J. , Vanderploeg Martin J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A robotic simulation and off-line programming package has been developed for use on Silicon Graphics workstations that has the capability of using several types commercially available virtual reality (VR) hardware devices. The software includes a library of 4, 5, and 6 degree-of-freedom (DOF) industrial robots with closed form inverse kinematics and translators that convert graphical simulation commands into the device control language that can be transferred to the robot control hardware. Forward kinematics, inverse kinematics, and joint space path planning methods used in the software development are discussed. The performance of three types of commercially available 6-DOF input devices are compared for use in interactive off-line programming. Stereo vision and external 6-DOF positioning devices were added to enhance programming efficiency and offer more realistic access to the virtual workcell environment.