bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Significant contrasts in aerosol acidity between China and the United States
Authors: Zhang Bingqing , Shen Huizhong , Liu Pengfei , Guo Hongyu , Hu Yongtao , Chen Yilin , Xie Shaodong , Xi Ziyan , Skipper T. Nash , Russell Armistead G. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Aerosol acidity governs several key processes in aerosol
physics and chemistry, thus affecting aerosol mass and composition and
ultimately climate and human health. Previous studies have reported aerosol
pH values separately in China and the United States (USA), implying different
aerosol acidity between these two countries. However, there is debate about
whether mass concentration or chemical composition is the more important
driver of differences in aerosol acidity. A full picture of the pH
difference and the underlying mechanisms responsible is hindered by the
scarcity of simultaneous measurements of particle composition and gaseous
species, especially in China. Here we conduct a comprehensive assessment of
aerosol acidity in China and the USA using extended ground-level measurements
and regional chemical transport model simulations. We show that aerosols in
China are significantly less acidic than in the USA, with pH values 1–2 units
higher. Based on a proposed multivariable Taylor series method and a series
of sensitivity tests, we identify major factors leading to the pH
difference. Compared to the USA, China has much higher aerosol mass
concentrations (gas + particle, by a factor of 8.4 on average) and a
higher fraction of total ammonia (gas + particle) in the aerosol
composition. Our assessment shows that the differences in mass
concentrations and chemical composition play equally important roles in
driving the aerosol pH difference between China and the USA – increasing
the aerosol mass concentrations (by a factor of 8.4) but keeping the relative component
contributions the same in the USA as the level in China
increases the aerosol pH by ∼ 1.0 units and further shifting
the chemical composition from US conditions to China's that are richer in
ammonia increases the aerosol pH by ∼ 0.9 units. Therefore,
China being both more polluted than the USA and richer in ammonia
explains the aerosol pH difference. The difference in aerosol acidity
highlighted in the present study implies potential differences in formation
mechanisms, physicochemical properties, and toxicity of aerosol particles in
these two countries.
Prototype Sanitizer Dispenser Automated System Pencegah Penularan Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19)
Authors: Rahmat Hidayat  , Rizqi Agung Permana  
Published: May 2021

Abstract— Microcontroller is one of the basic parts of a computer system in which there is a processor, input and output, RAM, ROM, System Bus, Control Unit, Shift Register and Arithmetic Logic Unit. This microcontroller is able to activateseveral electronic devices such as leds, buzzers, DC motors, lighting lamps and so on. At this time in the pandemic coronavirus,crowded places are obliged to implement health protocols recommended by the government such as wearing masks, washinghands, carrying sanitizers. And for crowded places must implement it. Because coronavirus is very contagious. Therefore the author examines that the sanitizer in front of the store is still implementing manuals. So that it can transmit the virus. Therefore the author is thinking about applying an automatic sanitizer with a microcontroller made. With the creation of this system is expected to reduce the spread of coronavirus transmission (COVID-19) incrowded places.
Intisari— Mikrokontroller merupakan adalah salah satu dari bagian dasar dari suatu sistem komputer yang didalamnya terdapat sebuah processor, input dan output, RAM, ROM, System Bus, Contol Unit, Shift Register dan Aritmatic Logic Unit.Mikrokontroller ini mampu mengaktifkan beberapa perangkat elektronika seperti led, buzzer, motor DC, lampu penerangandan sebagainya. Saat ini dalam masa pademi coronavirus tempat-tempat keramain wajib menerapkan protokol kesehatanyang dianjurkan oleh pemerintah seperti memakasi masker,mencuci tangan, membawa sanitizer. Dan bagi tempattempat keramaian wajib menerapkannya. Karena coronavirus ini sangat mudah menular. Oleh sebab itu penulis meneliti bahwa sanitizer yang ada di depan toko itu masih menerapkan manual. Sehingga dapat menularkan virus tersebut. Oleh karenaitu penulis berfikiran menerapkan sanitizer otomatis dengan mikrokontroller yang dibuat. Dengan dibuatnya sistem inidiharapkan dapat mengurangi penyebaran penularan coronavirus (COVID-19) di tempat-tempat keramaian.
The Unfinished Business Of Regulating Clearinghouses
Authors: Saguato Paolo 
Published: May 2021

Financial derivatives have been widely blamed for causing the 2008 financial crisis. These complex instruments created a deep and opaque web of bilateral links between major financial institutions that contributed to the transmission of systemic risk throughout financial markets. In order to stabilize the derivatives markets, legislators included radical provisions in the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform Act of 2010. As a result, traders are now required to process derivatives through clearinghouses: specialized risk managers that act as middlemen between buyers and sellers and guarantee each party’s performance.
Policymakers believed that clearinghouses would provide much-needed stability in derivatives markets by acting as designated systemic risk managers. However, this Article argues that the effect of clearinghouses on systemic risk is less clear-cut than scholars and policymakers have generally believed. While clearinghouses have removed much of the financial risk from markets, they have simultaneously concentrated it within their own walls. Yet, these walls stand on fragile foundations: the economic and governance incentives of clearinghouses and their stakeholders are misaligned, which could undermine their systemic resilience.
This Article contends that the current regulatory framework has critical, overlooked flaws that exacerbate clearinghouses’ moral hazard while creating new, risky, too-big-to-fail institutions. It urges policymakers to intervene: in order to rectify this situation, financial regulators must do more to ensure that clearinghouses are bastions of financial stability and not systemic risk amplifiers. The implementation of a multi-stakeholder board and the creation of hybrid financial instruments to complement the capital structure of clearinghouses are the first steps toward enhancing the accountability and systemic resilience of these critical market infrastructures.
Volcker Rule in Practice
Authors: Schiff Jordan 
Published: May 2021

Established as part of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the Volcker Rule’s restriction of banks and financial companies from participating in proprietary trading was conceived of as a response to the systemic institutional failures that are commonly noted to be partially responsible for the financial crisis of 2008. Over its short and contentious lifetime, the Rule has been widely praised by some as a necessary step toward limiting unsustainably risky corporate investment practices, and widely vilified by others as being poorly drafted, impracticably restrictive, and only tenuously connected to the crisis precipitating its enactment. The conspicuous disunity among participants in this discussion reflects, in part, the difficulty of measuring the direct impact that the Volcker Rule has had since its enactment, particularly given the complexity of the investment activities the Rule attempts to regulate and the dearth of conclusive statistics indicating which phenomena are accurately attributable to the Rule’s interference.
Through a survey and analysis of the public’s input and assessment of the Volcker Rule and its more recent development, this Note explores how administrative processes have fared in giving an adequate voice to the various viewpoints of affected private citizens, businesses, and public entities. Ultimately, this Note argues that the Volcker Rule’s surprisingly modest evolution to date is overshadowed by charged rhetoric, vast information gaps, and unbalanced regulatory feedback rather than substantive bilateral exchange—a phenomenon frustratingly typical of the democratic processes in the context of complex financial reform. This Note concludes by offering reflections on the Volcker Rule’s evolution to date and what the data examined has to say about the successes and shortcomings of the lawmaking processes driving that evolution forward.
An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Legal Sports Betting On Consumer Credit Health
Authors: Clarida Matthew Q. 
Published: May 2021

The Supreme Court’s May 2018 decision in Murphy v. NCAA removed the federal prohibition against sports betting and invited states to regulate the practice for themselves. This has launched a national debate. Advocates in favor of legal sports betting champion increased tax revenues, business for struggling casinos and racetracks, and regulation of a practice that has flourished in the shadows. Detractors warn of the social ills commonly associated with gambling, including crime, addiction, and financial waste.
This Note provides the first empirical analysis of the impact of legal sports betting on consumer credit health. Making use of the staggered sequencing of state legalization, I find that legal sports betting accounts for a small but statistically significant increase in mortgage delinquency rates. I submit that this finding justifies caution as policymakers explore legal sports betting opportunities.
Walmart and Guns: A Case Study in Modern Corporate Governance
Authors: Curran Clare 
Published: May 2021

In August 2019, the Business Roundtable issued a new Statement on the Purpose of a Corporation. The statement, signed by 181 CEOs, including Doug McMillon of Walmart, declared that corporations should seek to serve the interests of all stakeholders—a marked departure from the Roundtable’s prior embrace of shareholder primacy. This shift in position reinvigorated debate among business and legal scholars about the proper purpose of a corporation.
Using Walmart as a case study, this Note argues that corporations are indeed adopting a more flexible and responsive conception of corporate purpose. This Note begins with a discussion of corporate governance theories, detailing four distinct visions of corporate purpose and control. It then examines Walmart’s decisionmaking process regarding ammunition and firearm sales in the wake of a tragic mass shooting at one of its stores. Finally, it concludes by reconciling Walmart’s conduct with the prevailing theories of corporate governance, ultimately finding team production theory— which calls for the balancing stakeholder interests—to be most applicable.
Rheumatoid Arthritis with Avascular Necrosis of Femur Head (AVN): A Case Report
Authors: Khushboo Rani , Sapra Umesh Kumar , Gujjarwar Vidula 
Published: May 2021

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease whichinvolve multiple joints of the body.The clinical symptoms of the Rheumatoid Arthritisresemble with Amavata described in Ayurvedic literature. In thisdisease, the vitiated Vatadosha and Ama spread all along the body and localisein kaphasthana likejoints and producing symptoms like pain, stiffness, swelling, tendernessetc.Treatment principle recommended are to correct the status of the digestive fireof the bodyand balance of Vata in the body. In this case, a male patient of 28 years old presented with the symptoms of inabilityto walk and stand without support associated with pain, swelling and stiffnessover multiple jointsalong with deformity of hands. Pain was assessed by Visual analogue score(VAS).The patient was admitted in IPD of the hospital andtreatedwith Ayurvedic medicines and Panchakarma therapy for 28 days. Remarkable improvement was seen in pain, swelling and stiffness after the treatment.
Education by professions: to the theoretical substantiation of the modern strategy of professional education
Authors: Кислов А.Г. , Шапко И.В. 
Published: June 2021

Статья посвящена специфике профессионального воспитания учащихся, которая во многом
обусловлена содержанием обучения, а также положением, которое занимает та или иная
профессия в окружающей реальности. Осмысление вызовов времени порождает необхо-
димость разработки специальной научной теории мира профессий как особого сегмента
человеческой деятельности. Цель работы — наметить важнейшие контуры этой теории как
методологической основы решения современных задач профессионального воспитания,
для обоснования стратегии которого предлагается философская теория генезиса, функционирования и развития мира профессий, значимые составляющие которой оформились в наследии выдающегося отечественного мыслителя М. К. Петрова. В статье эксплицированы ключевые для построения данной теории идеи, изложенные с учетом неопределенности современных реалий как фактора развития мира профессий и выбора ориентиров в сфере профессионального воспитания. Эффективный ответ на вызов времени невозможен без использования в воспитательном процессе потенциала «общей» культуры человечества, актуализация которого в теории и практике профессионального воспитания была и остается надежным гарантом высокой результативности в условиях возрастающей неопределенности во всех сферах общественной и приватной жизни
The article is devoted to the specifics of professional education of students, which is largely due
to the content of training, as well as the position that a particular profession occupies in the
surrounding reality. Understanding the challenges of the time creates the need to develop a special
scientific theory of the world of professions as a special segment of human activity. The purpose
of the work is to outline the most important contours of this theory as a methodological basis for
solving modern problems of professional education, for the justification of the strategy of which
the philosophical theory of the genesis, functioning and development of the world of professions
is proposed, the significant components of which are formed in the legacy of the outstanding
Russian thinker M. K. Petrov. The article explicates the key ideas for the construction of this theory,
set out taking into account the uncertainty of modern realities as a factor in the development of the
world of professions and the choice of guidelines in the field of professional education. An effective
response to the challenge of the time is impossible without using the potential of the “common”
culture of humanity in the educational process, the actualization of which in the theory and practice
of professional education has been and remains a reliable guarantee of high performance in the
conditions of increasing uncertainty in all spheres of public and private life.
Keselamatan Diri dalam Qurban Idul Adha 1441 H sebagai Bentuk Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Politeknik Penerbangan Palembang
Authors: Abdullah Anton , Nugraha Wildan , Masitoh Fitri , Sutiyo Sutiyo , Astutik Rinto 
Published: May 2021

Target dan luaran dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk melaksanakan Tridharma Perguruan Tinggi, pengabdian masyarakat bagi dosen di lingkungan Politeknik Penerbangan Palembang, Sumatera Selatan. Metode kegiatan yang digunakan adalah 1) ceramah agama, yaitu memberikan bimbingan rohani kepada keluarga besar Politeknik Penerbangan dan warga sekitar; 2) lecturing di mana narasumber menjelaskan kepada keluarga besar Politeknik Penerbangan dan warga sekitar tentang hikmah berkurban dan meneladani syari’at Nabi Ibrahim As., menumbuhkan kesadaran dan peran serta keluarga besar Politeknik Penerbangan dan warga sekitar dalam menumbuhkan kecintaan kepada sesama dalam perwujudan rasa sukur dan taqwa kepada Allah Swt.; dan 3) evidence-based learning, dimana para pengkurban dan tim pelaksana diajak untuk bersama-sama bagaimana cara pengumpulan, penyembelihan, dan pembagian hewan kurban. Hasil yang diperoleh dari kegiatan ini dapat membuat tim pelaksana, keluarga besar Politeknik Penerbangan dan warga sekitar yaitu: 1) meneladani syari’at Nabi Ibrahim AS; 2) menumbuhkan kesadaran dan peran serta umat Islam (dosen) dalam menumbuhkan kecintaan kepada sesama dalam perwujudan taqwa kepada Allah Swt.; 3) mengabdi kepada masyarakat dalam memperkokoh tali silaturahmi untuk menjalin ukuwah Islamiyah di antara dengan warga sekitar.
Pelatihan Basic Human Factor untuk Peningkatan Self Awareness dan Safety Culture Petugas Operasi Bandar Udara Gusti Syamsir Alam
Authors: Amalia Direstu , Nugraha Wildan , Suryan Viktor , Septiani Virma , Napitulu Belen Sri H 
Published: May 2021

Studi tentang human factor adalah tentang memahami perilaku (behaviour) dan kinerja (performance) manusia (human). Ketika diterapkan pada operasi penerbangan, human factor digunakan untuk mengoptimalkan hubungan antara manusia (human) dan sistem (system) tempat mereka bekerja (workplace) untuk meningkatkan keselamatan (safety) dan kinerja (performance). Gambaran tentang efek human factor dalam penerbangan serta pentingnya self-awareness akan dijabarkan pada diklat ini. Hasil pelatihan yang memuaskan dicapai oleh 16 orang, 8 orang baik sekali, dan 2 orang berpredikat baik dengan range nilai tertinggi 94,70 dan nilai terendah 74,25.
News Aspects Theoric and Experimental to Paraffins Compounds
Authors: Alves da Silva Filho Eloi , Uliana Fabrício , da Silva Gonçalves Arlan 
Published: June 2021

The paraffinic compounds are important to new investigation on the properties physics and its correlation with theoric dates, because in literature no is completely clarified. However, there are some studies on the formalism for developing asymptotic behavior correlation for homologous series paraffin compounds. In this work is show that the effect of parameters theoric obtained by molecular modeling can be correlated with experimental dates. To paraffins as pure, for example, n-hexane, C6H14, MW 158 g/mol, is composed of two groups CH3 and four groups CH2 and its can depending of structure molecular ramification to predict what your dependency with thermodynamics data. Therefore, the molecular modeling of paraffinic compounds uses a methodology that looks for data correlated with the structure of the molecule complemented with experimental data. The objective this study is correlated this molecular data with some thermodynamics data as enthalpy of formation and other parameters.
Inovação tecnológica e empreendedorismo: representação no contexto brasileiro entre os anos 2011 a 2019
Authors: Souza Ranieldo Barreiras Barbosa , Silva Filho Antonio José da 
Published: June 2021

Inovação tecnológica e empreendedorismo tem sido temas em evidência, sendo assim muito discutido na contemporaneidade, em meios científicos, políticos e empresariais. Embora são conceitos diferentes, sugere-se a existência de uma relação entre eles. Assim, na tentativa de verificar a existência dessa associação, o presente estudo realizou uma pesquisa qualitativa e exploratória, que se utilizou de dados quantitativos. Os resultados mostram crescimento significativo aos longos dos anos verificados com enfoque para a P&D. Houve também o aumento da atividade inovadora nas indústrias e do comércio também, o que é positivo para os pequenos negócios. A pesquisa ressalta também que os termos empreendedorismo e inovação, embora tenham alguma proximidade, expressam conceitos diferentes. O empreendedorismo consiste no processo por meio do qual indivíduos transformam ideias em oportunidades, a fim de gerar riqueza. A inovação, por sua vez, é o processo por meio do qual novos produtos e serviços ou processos são implementados; também visa à continuidade do negócio e a geração de receita chave para o crescimento econômico e o desenvolvimento social baseados no conhecimento. Assim, a novidade necessária à inovação consiste na principal diferença entre os termos. Com isso, nem todos os empreendedores são inovadores, como destacado por alguns conceitos referentes ao empreendedorismo.
Simulídeos (simuliidae: diptera) como objeto de estudo no Brasil e no mundo
Authors: Marinho Willian Rodrigues da Costa , Santos Ruann Guimarães dos , Cruz Lucas Santos da , Borges Isabelle Chagas Vilela , Medeiros Beatriz Maravilha , Silva Rodrigo Alves da , Araujo Aline Karl , Menezes Jackson de Souza , Feitosa Natália Martins , Pereira Ronaldo Figueiró Portella , Fonseca Rodrigo Nunes da 
Published: June 2021

Os Artrópodes constituem um filo que corresponde a cerca de 75% das espécies do planeta, e dentro dessa ordem, encontra-se a Classe dos insetos, principalmente os pertencentes à Ordem Diptera, que correspondem há mais de 150 mil espécies já descritas em todo o mundo. Os simulídeos, inseridos na subordem Nematocera com uma ampla distribuição geográfica, são organismos que apresentam uma grande importância médico-veterinária, por serem transmissores de patógenos, como vermes do gênero Mansonella e Onchocerca, que afetam tanto os seres humanos quanto os animais. Os simulídeos são animais que apresentam uma importância ambiental notável, onde devido ao aumento das concentrações de matérias orgânicas nos rios e ao aporte de dejetos domésticos, agrícolas e industrias, permitem que esses insetos possam ser considerados como organismos bioindicadores da qualidade do ambiente. Filogeneticamente, os simulídeos são um importante grupo na base dos Diptera, que correspondem aos mosquitos e moscas, cujos aspectos evolutivos têm sido pouco estudados. Uma vez que os estudos de desenvolvimento embrionário dos Diptera se restringem em sua maior parte à mosca-da-fruta Drosophila melanogaster, estudos de biologia do desenvolvimento de simulídeos são importantes para compreender aspectos evolutivos fundamentais da evolução do grupo. No presente artigo discutiremos a importância de se estudar os aspectos negligenciados desta numerosa Ordem de insetos.
The effect of staphylococcal mastitis including resistant strains on serum procalcitonin, neopterin, acute phase response and stress biomarkers in Holstein dairy cows
Authors: El-Deeb Wael , Fayez Mahmoud , Alhumam Naser , Elsohaby Ibrahim , Quadri Sayed A. , Mkrtchyan Hermine 
Published: May 2021

Staphylococcal mastitis (SM) is a frequent disease in the dairy cattle that is costly to treat. This study aimed to investigate the alterations in the levels of procalcitonin (PCT), neopterin (NPT), haptoglobin (HP), serum amyloid A (SAA), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, IF-γ) and oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers in Holstein dairy cows with SM under field conditions. In addition, we also evaluated the role of examined biomarkers in disease pathogenesis and their use as diagnostic biomarkers for the disease in dairy cows. Fifty-three dairy cows with SM, including those with infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (n = 42) and methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (n = 11) were selected for this study. In addition, 20 healthy dairy cows were enrolled as a control group. Higher serum levels of PCT, NP, IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, IF-γ, HP and SAA and a state of OS was detected in SM group in comparison with the controls. Moreover, the levels of all examined biomarkers in mastitic cows with S. aureus when compared with those infected with MRSA was not significantly different. All examined biomarkers demonstrated a significant degree of discrimination between SM cows and healthy controls (the area under the curve (AUC) ranged from 83.6 for SAA to 100 for PCT). Our study showed that SM in dairy cows was associated with substantial changes in serum PCT, NPT, Acute phase proteins (APPs), proinflammatory cytokines, and OS levels. This study demonstrates that clinical examination in tandem with quantification of PCT, NPT, APPs and cytokines, OS biomarkers could be a useful assessment tool for SM in dairy cows.