bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of standard- vs reduced-dose insulin for treatment of hyperkalemia: A quasi-experiment
Authors: Pearson Sara Catherine , O’Connor Kristin , Keller Kimberly , Hodge T J , Nesbit Ross 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeHyperkalemia more commonly affects patients with a glomerular filtration rate of less than 60 mL/min. Using intravenous (IV) insulin to shift potassium intracellularly may cause hypoglycemia, requiring additional treatment or longer hospitalization. Literature on insulin dosing in this context is limited, with one previous study indicating that 5 units of IV insulin might be as effective and result in less hypoglycemia than the standard dose of 10 units of IV insulin. The hyperkalemia treatment pathway at our institution was revised in May 2018 to include a reduced-dose option (5 units of insulin) for patients with end-stage renal disease. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of hypoglycemia between patients who received standard-dose vs reduced-dose IV insulin.MethodsThis single-center, retrospective, quasi-experimental study evaluated the impact of revision of the hyperkalemia treatment pathway by assessing rates of hypoglycemia during the 6 months before and after implementation of the revised pathway. The primary endpoint was prevalence of hypoglycemia, defined as a blood glucose level of less than or equal to 70 mg/dL.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of hypoglycemia when comparing the pre- and postimplementation groups (36 [17.7%] patients vs 34 [18.7%] patients; P = 0.7924). The postimplementation group had a statistically significant lower reduction in potassium levels after treatment than the preimplementation group (mean [interquartile range], –0.9 [–1.3, –0.5] mEq/L vs –0.6 [–1.2, –0.2] mEq/L; P = 0.0095). Baseline potassium levels were similar between the groups.ConclusionAdministration of reduced-dose IV insulin for treatment of hyperkalemia was significantly less effective in lowering serum potassium levels and did not decrease prevalence of hypoglycemia. When accounting for potential confounders, the only variable that was associated with hypoglycemia was pretreatment glucose level.
A similarity-based deep learning approach for determining the frequencies of drug side effects
Authors: Zhao Haochen , Wang Shaokai , Zheng Kai , Zhao Qichang , Zhu Feng , Wang Jianxin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The side effects of drugs present growing concern attention in the healthcare system. Accurately identifying the side effects of drugs is very important for drug development and risk assessment. Some computational models have been developed to predict the potential side effects of drugs and provided satisfactory performance. However, most existing methods can only predict whether side effects will occur and cannot determine the frequency of side effects. Although a few existing methods can predict the frequency of drug side effects, they strongly depend on the known drug-side effect relationships. Therefore, they cannot be applied to new drugs without known side effect frequency information. In this paper, we develop a novel similarity-based deep learning method, named SDPred, for determining the frequencies of drug side effects. Compared with the existing state-of-the-art models, SDPred integrates rich features and can be applied to predict the side effect frequencies of new drugs without any known drug-side effect association or frequency information. To our knowledge, this is the first work that can predict the side effect frequencies of new drugs in the population. The comparison results indicate that SDPred is much superior to all previously reported models. In addition, some case studies also demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method in practical applications. The SDPred software and data are freely available at https://github.com/zhc940702/SDPred, https://zenodo.org/record/5112573 and https://hub.docker.com/r/zhc940702/sdpred.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the management of colorectal cancer in Denmark
Authors: Smith Henry G , Jensen Kristian K , Jørgensen Lars N , Krarup Peter-Martin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a global impact on cancer care but the extent to which this has affected the management of colorectal cancer (CRC) in different countries is unknown. CRC management in Denmark was thought to have been relatively less impacted than in other nations during the first wave of the pandemic. The aim of this study was to determine the pandemic’s impact on CRC in Denmark.MethodsThe Danish national cancer registry identified patients with newly diagnosed with CRC from 1 March 2020 to 1 August 2020 (pandemic interval) and corresponding dates in 2019 (prepandemic interval). Data regarding clinicopathological demographics and perioperative outcomes were retrieved and compared between the two cohorts.ResultsTotal CRC diagnoses (201 versus 359 per month, P = 0.008) and screening diagnoses (38 versus 80 per month, P = 0.016) were both lower in the pandemic interval. The proportions of patients presenting acutely and the stage at presentation were, however, unaffected. For those patients having surgery, both colonic and rectal cancer operations fell to about half the prepandemic levels: colon (187 (i.q.r. 183–188) to 96 (i.q.r. 94–112) per month, P = 0.032) and rectal cancers (63 (i.q.r. 59–75) to 32 (i.q.r. 28–42) per month, P = 0.008). No difference was seen in surgical practice or postoperative 30-day mortality rate (colon 2.2 versus 2.2 per cent, P = 0.983; rectal 1.0 versus 2.9 per cent, P = 0.118) between the cohorts. Treatment during the pandemic interval was not independently associated with death at 30 or 90 days.ConclusionThe initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic reduced the number of new diagnoses made and number of operations but had limited impact on technique or outcomes of CRC care in Denmark.
Predicting unknown directed links of conserved networks from flow data
Authors: Pappu Satya Jayadev , Pasumarthy Ramkrishna , Bhatt Nirav 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Link prediction between nodes is an important problem in the study of complex networks. In this work, we investigate determining directed links in conserved flow networks from data. A novel approach to predict the unknown links of an underlying conserved network, and the directions of flows associated with them are proposed. The directed link prediction is achieved by finding the missing values in the incidence matrix of the network by combining singular value decomposition, principal component analysis and tools from graph theory using steady-state flow data. In contrast to traditional integer optimization-based approaches, the proposed approach accomplishes the task of directed link prediction in cubic time. The methodology is corroborated via synthetic studies for flow data generated from networks based on Erdős–Rényi, Watts–Strogatz and Barabási–Albert network models at different signal-to-noise ratios. It is empirically shown that all unknown directed links can be correctly predicted with large enough noisy data, in an asymptotic sense, to correctly estimate the missing values in the incidence matrix.
Tetralogy of Fallot: T-shaped infundibulotomy for pulmonary valve-sparing procedure
Authors: Leobon Bertrand , Cousin Grégoire , Hadeed Khaled , Breinig Sophie , Alacoque Xavier , Berthomieu Lionel , Karsenty Clément 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This new and easily reproducible pulmonary valve-sparing technique for the correction of Tetralogy of Fallot is based on a conservative management of the native pulmonary valve to preserve its growth potential. From July 2015 to December 2019, 67 children presenting with a Tetralogy of Fallot were operated consecutively in a single centre using this technique in all cases. A T-shaped infundibulotomy is used to release the anterior pulmonary annulus from any muscular attachment. After myocardial resection and ventricular septal defect closure, an extensive commissurotomy is achieved. Finally, the right ventricular outflow tract remodelling is completed by a shield-shaped bovine patch with an oversized square superior edge, attached directly on the pulmonary valve annulus, with an effect of systolic traction. Sixty patients (89.5%) had a Tetralogy of Fallot repair with preservation of the pulmonary valve. To date, with a median follow-up of 38.2 [14–64] months, no patient has needed a surgical or interventional procedure for pulmonary valve stenosis or regurgitation, with low residual gradients. This procedure could provide a significant increase in native pulmonary valve preservation. Long-term studies are needed to assess pulmonary valve growth and the consequent reduction in surgical or interventional reoperations.
Effect of divergence in residual methane emissions on feed intake and efficiency, growth and carcass performance, and indices of rumen fermentation and methane emissions in finishing beef cattle
Authors: Smith Paul E , Waters Sinead M , Kenny David A , Kirwan Stuart F , Conroy Stephen , Kelly Alan K 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Residual expressions of enteric emissions favor a more equitable identification of an animal’s methanogenic potential compared with traditional measures of enteric emissions. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of divergently ranking beef cattle for residual methane emissions (RME) on animal productivity, enteric emissions, and rumen fermentation. Dry matter intake (DMI), growth, feed efficiency, carcass output, and enteric emissions (GreenFeed emissions monitoring system) were recorded on 294 crossbred beef cattle (steers = 135 and heifers = 159; mean age 441 d (SD = 49); initial body weight (BW) of 476 kg (SD = 67)) at the Irish national beef cattle performance test center. Animals were offered a total mixed ration (77% concentrate and 23% forage; 12.6 MJ ME/kg of DM and 12% CP) ad libitum with emissions estimated for 21 d over a mean feed intake measurement period of 91 d. Animals had a mean daily methane emissions (DME) of 229.18 g/d (SD = 45.96), methane yield (MY) of 22.07 g/kg of DMI (SD = 4.06), methane intensity (MI) 0.70 g/kg of carcass weight (SD = 0.15), and RME 0.00 g/d (SD = 0.34). RME was computed as the residuals from a multiple regression model regressing DME on DMI and BW (R2 = 0.45). Animals were ranked into three groups namely high RME (&gt;0.5 SD above the mean), medium RME (±0.5 SD above/below the mean), and low RME (&gt;0.5 SD below the mean). Low RME animals produced 17.6% and 30.4% less (P &lt; 0.05) DME compared with medium and high RME animals, respectively. A ~30% reduction in MY and MI was detected in low versus high RME animals. Positive correlations were apparent among all methane traits with RME most highly associated with (r = 0.86) DME. MY and MI were correlated (P &lt; 0.05) with DMI, growth, feed efficiency, and carcass output. High RME had lower (P &lt; 0.05) ruminal propionate compared with low RME animals and increased (P &lt; 0.05) butyrate compared with medium and low RME animals. Propionate was negatively associated (P &lt; 0.05) with all methane traits. Greater acetate:propionate ratio was associated with higher RME (r = 0.18; P &lt; 0.05). Under the ad libitum feeding regime deployed here, RME was the best predictor of DME and only methane trait independent of animal productivity. Ranking animals on RME presents the opportunity to exploit interanimal variation in enteric emissions as well as providing a more equitable index of the methanogenic potential of an animal on which to investigate the underlying biological regulatory mechanisms.
Queen Egg Laying and Egg Hatching Abilities are Hindered in Subterranean Termite Colonies When Exposed to a Chitin Synthesis Inhibitor Bait Formulation
Authors: Chouvenc Thomas , Lee Sang-Bin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSubterranean termite control methods using chitin synthesis inhibitors (CSIs) aim at eliminating colonies that feed upon a bait formulation. Several benzoylurea active ingredient formulations are currently commercially available as alternative termite management strategies to liquid termiticides. Individual workers need to molt on a regular basis and CSIs interfere with such molting process, allowing sufficient time for the acquisition of a colony-wide lethal dose prior to widespread mortality. As workers progressively die, the colony eventually collapses, leaving only soldiers and primary reproductives that starve to death. One common observation is that young workers often die early owing to their relatively short molting cycle. However, the absence of brood in dying colonies raises questions about the potential fate of eggs laid by the queen. This study aims to determine if CSI baits also terminate the ability of a colony to produce a new cohort of workers by disabling the ongoing brood development. Incipient termite colonies were used to test the impact of noviflumuron on the queen’s ability to lay eggs and on the eggs' ability to hatch. Our results showed that queens in colonies exposed to CSI not only initially laid less eggs than the control queens, but eggs also did not develop and were progressively cannibalized, eventually leading to colony establishment failure. This result implies that queens of mature colonies exposed to CSI would lose the ability to lay viable eggs as the colony collapses, leading to an absence of worker replacement, aiding in colony elimination.
Political Capital
Authors: Gratton Gabriele , Holden Richard , Lee Barton E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
An organization must make a binary choice in each of the two periods. The optimal choice depends on an unknown state of nature. The leader of the organization has a stock of political capital and observes a private signal of the state. The leader faces an intertemporal choice problem. She may choose to spend (some of) her political capital to increase the probability that the choice is not the one that would otherwise be made. Her political capital increases if the decision is correct ex post. We characterize the optimal use of political capital by the leader and how it evolves over time. We identify different leadership styles that depend on the initial stock of capital of the leader, the precision of her information, and the importance of the issue to her. We study how different leadership styles determine the evolution of power within the organization. Finally, we consider issues of optimal organizational design that structures the allocation of power to a leader. (JEL D21, D23, D71, D72).
zeus: a python implementation of ensemble slice sampling for efficient Bayesian parameter inference
Authors: Karamanis Minas , Beutler Florian , Peacock John A 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
We introduce zeus, a well-tested Python implementation of the Ensemble Slice Sampling (ESS) method for Bayesian parameter inference. ESS is a novel Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm specifically designed to tackle the computational challenges posed by modern astronomical and cosmological analyses. In particular, the method requires only minimal hand-tuning of 1−2 hyperparameters that are often trivial to set; its performance is insensitive to linear correlations and it can scale up to 1000s of CPUs without any extra effort. Furthermore, its locally adaptive nature allows to sample efficiently even when strong non-linear correlations are present. Lastly, the method achieves a high performance even in strongly multimodal distributions in high dimensions. Compared to emcee, a popular MCMC sampler, zeus performs 9 and 29 times better in a cosmological and an exoplanet application, respectively.
The Cosmic Ultraviolet Baryon Survey (CUBS) – IV. The complex multiphase circumgalactic medium as revealed by partial Lyman limit systems
Authors: Cooper Thomas J , Rudie Gwen C , Chen Hsiao-Wen , Johnson Sean D , Zahedy Fakhri S , Chen Mandy C , Boettcher Erin , Walth Gregory L , Cantalupo Sebastiano , Cooksey Kathy L , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André , Greene Jenny E , Lopez Sebastian , Mulchaey John S , Penton Steven V , Petitjean Patrick , Putman Mary E , Rafelski Marc , Rauch Michael , Schaye Joop , Simcoe Robert A 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a detailed study of two partial Lyman limit systems (pLLSs) of neutral hydrogen column density $N_\mathrm{H\, I}\approx (1-3)\times 10^{16}\, \mathrm{cm}^{-2}$ discovered at $z$ = 0.5 in the Cosmic Ultraviolet Baryon Survey (CUBS). Available far-ultraviolet spectra from the Hubble Space Telescope Cosmic Origins Spectrograph and optical echelle spectra from MIKE on the Magellan Telescopes enable a comprehensive ionization analysis of diffuse circumgalactic gas based on resolved kinematics and abundance ratios of atomic species spanning five different ionization stages. These data provide unambiguous evidence of kinematically aligned multiphase gas that masquerades as a single-phase structure and can only be resolved by simultaneous accounting of the full range of observed ionic species. Both systems are resolved into multiple components with inferred α-element abundance varying from [α/H] ≈−0.8 to near solar and densities spanning over two decades from log nH/cm−3 ≈ −2.2 to &lt;−4.3. Available deep galaxy survey data from the CUBS program taken with VLT/MUSE, Magellan/LDSS3-C and Magellan/IMACS reveal that the $z$ = 0.47 system is located 55 kpc from a star-forming galaxy with prominent Balmer absorption of stellar mass ${{M_{\rm star}}}\approx 2\times 10^{10}\, {{M_{\odot}}}$, while the $z$ = 0.54 system resides in an overdense environment of 11 galaxies within 750 kpc in projected distance, with the most massive being a luminous red galaxy of ${{M_{\rm star}}}\approx 2\times 10^{11}\, {{M_{\odot}}}$ at 375 kpc. The study of these two pLLSs adds to an emerging picture of the complex, multiphase circumgalactic gas that varies in chemical abundances and density on small spatial scales in diverse galaxy environments. The inhomogeneous nature of metal enrichment and density revealed in observations must be taken into account in theoretical models of diffuse halo gas.
Effect of Usage of the Proton Pump Inhibitor Omeprazole on the Structure of the Kidney of Male Albino Rats
Authors: Hussein Heba Mohammed , El-Nefiawy Nagwa Ebrahim , Abdel Hamid Haidy Farid , El-Fetoh Marwa Abd El Moneim Abo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Recent clinical observational studies claimed that long term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) might lead to kidney injury that might progress to end-stage renal disease.

Aim of the work
Was to verify these claims by an in vivo experimental study in the rat.

Materials &methods
Fourty two adult male albino rats were assigned in four groups Control group (I) in which rats were not administrated any treatment .
In groups IIa, IIb, IIc rats received daily oral omeprazole in dose of 0.75mg per kg. for 2,4,or 6 weeks successively. At the end of experiment, blood samples were collected for serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) measurement. Then animals were sacrificed and kidney specimens were processed into paraffin blocks, sectioned and stained with H&E, Mallory trichrome &PAS.
Stained sections and image analysis were used to count vacuolated cells, pyknotic nuclei, tubular casts and area precent of collagen fiber deposition then data was subjected to statistical analysis.

Results
Histological examination of renal sections from omeprazole treated group showed sectional kidney injury in renal corpuscle, renal tubules and sever vascular congestion with inflammatory cell infiltrate in renal interstitium .
Thickening of basement membrane was seen by PAS, while progressive increase in collagen fiber deposition was detected by Mallory trichrome stain . Morphometry, image analysis statistical analysis confirmed histological findings.
Statistical significant increase in number of vacuolated cells, pyknotic nuclei, hyaline casts and area percent of collagen fiber deposition compared with control group.
Clear deterioration of renal function tests was observed across the 3 time points of the study compared with the control with highly significant rise of serum creatinine in 4 & 6 weeks group compared with the control. Results of the study were time -dependent with the worst damage in the 6 week group (IV).

Conclusion
The present study declared that long term use of omeprazole resulted in structural damage of rat renal tissue with associated deterioration of renal function in a time dependent manner.
Extreme caution should be taken with clinical prescription of omeprazole and close monitoring of renal function is highly recommended.
Comparison between different weaning methods in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with respiratory failure (BIPAP, CPAP and T piece)
Authors: Elsafty Omar Mohamed Taha , Yousef Osama Ramzy , Mowafy Marwa Mostafa Mohamed , Sadek Salama Ahmed Farag Abdelsamie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) for management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) associated respiratory failure is increasing in Intensive Care Units. The bridging process from IMV to extubation is called weaning in which mechanical ventilation is gradually withdrawn and the patient resumes spontaneous breathing. Many objective parameters have been defined for weaning success. The following review focuses on the different weaning methods in patients chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with respiratory failure.

Objective
To compare among the different methods of weaning in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with respiratory failure weaned with different method ie BIPAP, CPAP and T-Piece.

Patients and Methods
Cross sectional descriptive study. 60 patients diagnosed as COPD with respiratory failure on MV, will be recruited from ICU Department Zefta general hospital. This study included 60 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with age more than18 years old admitted in adult ICU Department in Zefta general hospital that are on mechanical ventilation. These patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the study. Patients were classified randomly into 3 groups.

Results
In this study I try to overcome these challenges by studying the effect of using of NIPPV both CPAP or BIPAP immediately after extubation or using T piece for 1 hour followed by extubation and using oxygen therapy that BIPAP improves patient gas exchange, hemodynamics and associated with shortest ICU stay which reflects on utilization of resources.

Conclusion
We suggest that BIPAP improves patient gas exchange specially in hypercapnic patients, hemodynamics and associated with shortest duration of ICU stay and decrease rate of reintuabtion.