bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomics-Informed Multiplex PCR Scheme for Rapid Identification of Rice-Associated Bacteria of the Genus Pantoea
Authors: Kini Kossi , Agnimonhan Raoul , Dossa Rachelle , Silué Drissa , Koebnik Ralf 
Published: March 2021

The genus Pantoea forms a complex of more than 25 species, among which several cause diseases of various crop plants, including rice. Notably, strains of Pantoea ananatis and P. stewartii have been repeatedly reported to cause bacterial leaf blight of rice, whereas other authors have observed that P. agglomerans can also cause bacterial leaf blight of rice. The contribution of these and perhaps other species of Pantoea to plant diseases and yield losses of crop plants is currently not well documented, partly due to the lack of efficient diagnostic tools. Using 32 whole-genome sequences of the three major plant-pathogenic Pantoea spp., a set of PCR primers that detect each of the three species P. agglomerans, P. ananatis, and P. stewartii was designed. A multiplex PCR scheme which can distinguish these three species and also detects members of other Pantoea spp. was further developed. Upon validation on a set of reference strains, 607 suspected Pantoea strains that were isolated from rice leaves or seed originating from 11 African countries were screened. In total, 41 P. agglomerans strains from 8 countries, 79 P. ananatis strains from 9 countries, 269 P. stewartii strains from 9 countries, and 218 unresolved Pantoea strains from 10 countries were identified. The PCR protocol allowed detection of Pantoea bacteria grown in vitro, in planta, and in rice seed. The detection threshold was estimated as total genomic DNA at 0.5 ng/µl and heated cells at 1 × 104 CFU/ml. This new molecular diagnostic tool will help to accurately diagnose major plant-pathogenic species of Pantoea. Due to its robustness, specificity, sensitivity, and cost efficiency, it will be very useful for plant protection services and for the epidemiological surveillance of these important crop-threatening bacteria.
Racial Disparities in Surgery
Authors: Azin Arash , Hirpara Dhruvin H. , Doshi Sachin , Chesney Tyler R. , Quereshy Fayez A. , Chadi Sami A. 
Published: March 2021

Objective:
To determine if Black race is associated with worse short-term postoperative morbidity and mortality when compared to White race in a contemporary, cross-specialty-matched cohort.

Background:
Growing evidence suggests poorer outcomes for Black patients undergoing surgery.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis was conducted comprising of all patients undergoing surgery in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program dataset between 2012 and 2018. One-to-one coarsened exact matching was conducted between Black and White patients. Primary outcome was rate of 30-day morbidity and mortality.

Results:
After 1:1 matching, 615,118 patients were identified. Black race was associated with increased rate of all-cause morbidity (odds ratio [OR] = 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–1.13, P < 0.001) and mortality (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.01–1.31, P = 0.039). Black race was associated with increased risk of re-intubation (OR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.21–1.48, P < 0.001), pulmonary embolism (OR = 1.55, 95% CI 1.40–1.71, P < 0.001), failure to wean from ventilator for >48 hours (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.02–1.29, P < 0.001), progressive renal insufficiency (OR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.43–1.86, P < 0.001), acute renal failure (OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.16–1.66, P < 0.001), cardiac arrest (OR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.24–1.76 P < 0.001), bleeding requiring transfusion (OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.34–1.43, P < 0.001), DVT/thrombophlebitis (OR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.14–1.35, P < 0.001), and sepsis/septic shock (OR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.03–1.15, P < 0.001). Black patients were also more likely to have a readmission (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.10–1.16, P < 0.001), discharge to a rehabilitation center (OR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.66–1.80, P < 0.001) or facility other than home (OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.16–1.23, P < 0.001).

Conclusion and Relevance:
This contemporary matched analysis demonstrates an association with increased morbidity, mortality, and readmissions for Black patients across surgical procedures and specialties.
A Comparison of Endoscopic Versus Surgical Creation of a Cystogastrostomy to Drain Pancreatic Pseudocysts and Walled-Off Pancreatic Necrosis in 5500 Patients
Authors: Suggs Patrick , NeCamp Timothy , Carr John Alfred 
Published: March 2021

Objective:
To determine the success, morbidity, and mortality rates of endoscopic and surgical creation of pancreatic cystenterostomies for the drainage of peripancreatic fluid collections, pseudocysts with necrotic debris, and walled-off pancreatic necrosis.

Summary Background Data:
Endoscopic methods of cystenterostomy creation to drain pancreatic pseudocysts (with and without necrotic debris) and infected peripancreatic fluid collections are perceived to be less morbid than surgery. Contemporary reports document a very high complication rate with endoscopic methods.

Methods:
A meta-analysis of 5500 patients.

Results:
Open and laparoscopic surgical techniques to drain chronic pancreatic pseudocysts, infected pancreatic fluid collections, and walled-off pancreatic necrosis are more successful with less morbidity and mortality than endoscopic methods.

Conclusions:
In regards to a surgical step-up approach to treat chronic infected pancreatic fluid collections or walled-off pancreatic necrosis, surgical creation of a cystenterostomy is more successful with fewer complications than endoscopic methods and should be given priority if less invasive or conservative methods fail.
Blood pressure, glycemic status and advanced liver fibrosis assessed by transient elastography in the general United States population
Authors: Ciardullo Stefano , Monti Tommaso , Grassi Guido , Mancia Giuseppe , Perseghin Gianluca 
Published: March 2021

Objective:
Few studies investigated the role of different predictors of advanced liver fibrosis in unselected populations. Here, we estimate the prevalence of steatosis and fibrosis in the general United States population by means of transient elastography and evaluate the impact of blood pressure (BP) and diabetes on disease severity.

Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study of United States adults participating in the 2017–2018 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants underwent a transient elastography examination, and liver steatosis and fibrosis were estimated through the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) score and liver stiffness measurement (LSM), respectively.

Results:
Four thousand, three hundred and seventy-one participants had reliable transient elastography and BP readings. Steatosis (CAP ≥ 248 dB/m), advanced fibrosis (LSM ≥ 9.6 kPa) and cirrhosis (LSM ≥ 13 kPa) were present in 56.9, 5.5 and 2.9% of participants, respectively. After controlling for potential confounders, risk of steatosis increased proportionally going from participants with optimal (reference) to those with normal [odds ratio (OR) 1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83–1.86], high normal (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.01–1.97) and elevated BP (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.21–2.21), whereas no significant association was found between BP status and liver fibrosis. Conversely, presence of diabetes increased the risk of both steatosis (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.49–3.11) and advanced fibrosis (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.36–3.72).

Conclusion:
Liver steatosis and fibrosis are highly prevalent in the multiethnic United States adult population, raising concerns for future incidence of cirrhosis and its complications. BP status was associated with a progressively higher risk of steatosis, whereas obesity and diabetes were consistently associated with both steatosis and fibrosis.
Reverse dipping and subclinical cardiac organ damage: a meta-analysis of echocardiographic studies
Authors: Cuspidi Cesare , Tadic Marijana , Sala Carla , Carugo Stefano , Mancia Giuseppe , Grassi Guido 
Published: March 2021

Aim:
Available evidence on the association between reverse dipping pattern and subclinical cardiac damage is scanty. We performed a systematic meta-analysis of echocardiographic studies in order to provide an updated and comprehensive information on this issue.

Methods:
The PubMed, OVID-MEDLINE, and Cochrane library databases were analyzed to search English-language articles published from January from the inception up to 31 July 2020. Studies were identified by using MeSH terms and crossing the following search items: ‘reverse dipping’, ‘nondipping’, ‘inverted dipping’, ‘ambulatory blood pressure’, ‘cardiac damage’, ‘hypertensive heart disease’, ‘left ventricular mass’, ‘left ventricular hypertrophy’, and ‘echocardiography’.

Results:
Data from 14 studies including 1429 patients with reverse dipping, 2584 dippers and 3508 nondippers were considered. Left ventricular (LV) mass index and relative wall thickness were greater in reverse dippers than in dippers (SMD: 0.40 ± 0.04 g/m2, P < 0.0001; 0.31 ± 0.07, P < 0.0001) and nondippers (SMD: 0.25 ± 0.04 g/m2, P < 0.0001; 0.21 ± 0.07, P = 0.004). The reverse dipping group had an increased risk of LV hypertrophy compared with dipping (OR = 1.85, CI 1.47–2.32, P < 0.0001) and nondipping group (OR = 1.45, CI 1.19–1.78, P < 0.0001). A significant progressive reduction in the E/A ratio, paralleled by an increase in left atrium diameter occurred from dippers, to nondippers and reverse dippers.

Conclusion:
The present meta-analysis provides a novel piece of information about the unfavourable association between the reverse dipping pattern and subclinical cardiac alterations and suggests that the detection of this blood pressure phenotype may identify individuals at increased risk for subclinical organ damage.
Subsyndromal Delirium in Cardiac Surgery Patients
Authors: Mailhot Tanya , Cossette Sylvie , Maheu-Cadotte Marc-André , Fontaine Guillaume , Denault André Y. 
Published: March 2021

Background
Subsyndromal delirium (SSD), a subthreshold form of delirium, is related to longer length of stay and increased mortality rates among older adults. Risk factors and outcomes of SSD in cardiac surgery patients are not fully understood.

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess and describe the characteristics and outcomes related to trajectories of SSD and delirium in cardiac surgery patients.

Methods
In this secondary analysis of a retrospective case-control (1:1) cohort study, SSD was defined as a score between 1 and 3 on the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist paired with an absence of diagnosis of delirium on the day of assessment. Potential risk factors (eg, age) and outcomes (eg, mortality) were identified from existing literature. Patients were grouped into 4 trajectories: (1) without SSD or delirium, (2) SSD only, (3) both, and (4) delirium only. These trajectories were contrasted using analysis of variance or χ2 test.

Results
Among the cohort of 346 patients, 110 patients did not present with SSD or delirium, 62 presented with only SSD, 69 presented with both, and 105 presented with only delirium. In comparison with patients without SSD or delirium, patients with SSD presented preoperative risk factors known for delirium (ie, older age, higher European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation II) but underwent less complicated surgical procedures, received fewer transfusions postoperatively, and had a lower positive fluid balance postoperatively than patients who presented with delirium. Patients with both SSD and delirium had worse outcomes in comparison with those with delirium only.

Conclusion
This study stresses the importance for healthcare professionals to identify SSD and prevent its progression to delirium.
Efficacy and safety of Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Ye Jing , Li Renliang , Hu Ziyi , Zhang Ping , Liu Liangji 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background:
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a significant public health problem associated with a substantial burden of functional disability. The Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction (GSZD), a traditional medicine, has been used in China for a long time to treat RA. This study aimed to systematically investigate the efficacy and safety of GSZD in the treatment of RA.

Methods:
We will search the electronic databases of PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Chongqing VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database, Wanfang Database, and China Biomedical Literature Database, and also manually search the Chinese Clinical Trial Register and unpublished studies or references, with the establishment up to February 2021. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we will screen the literature, and the data are extracted independently by the 2 researchers. We will collect RCTs of GSZD in the treatment of RA. RevMan5.3 will be used for statistical analysis. According to the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE), we will appraise each outcome quality evidence.

Results:
We will publish the results in a peer-reviewed journal.

Conclusion:
We will evaluate the efficacy and safety of GSZD in treating RA.

Unique INPLASY number:
INPLASY2020120147.
Two AOS genes attributed to familial exudative vitreoretinopathy with microcephaly
Authors: Tao Zhiyan , Bu Shaochong , Lu Fang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is an inherited disorder, which is mostly reported to be associated with the mutation of genes involved in the Wnt signaling pathway related to β-catenin. To the best of our knowledge, the involvement of Adams-Oliver syndrome (AOS) genes in FEVR patients have not been reported before.

Patient concerns:
Two patients with FEVR presented with microcephaly. One of them showed slight scarring of the scalp vertex which is a typical manifestation of AOS. The whole exon sequencing confirmed the diagnosis of AOS with 2 AOS-gene mutations at DOCK6 and ARHGAP31. Further clinical examination revealed that their parents with the same mutations showed FEVR-like vascular anomalies.

Diagnosis:
Both patients were diagnosed with AOS through whole exon sequencing, and they presented with some FEVR-like retinopathy including retinal detachment.

Interventions:
Both patients received vitrectomy for tractional retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy. During the follow-up, 1 patient received additional laser photocoagulation for tractional retinal detachment.

Outcomes:
The 2 patients remained stable in the latest follow up after the treatment.

Lessons:
Microcephaly could be associated with some form of retinopathy. We proposed that mutation of DOCK6 and ARHGAP31 genes could be the possible cause of FEVR associated with microcephaly. Our study suggested that these genes may be candidate genes of FEVR.
Spiritual and Emotional Experience With a Diagnosis of Breast Cancer
Authors: Leão Diva Cristina M. R. , Pereira Eliane R. , Silva Rose Mary C. R. A. , Rocha Renata Carla N. P. , Cruz-Quintana Francisco , García-Caro María Paz 
Published: March 2021

Background
The breast cancer diagnosis causes a high level of suffering and distress in patients who experience difficulties in coping. There is a need to improve knowledge of emotional and spiritual coping in response to the stressful situation of women who must face this diagnosis.

Objectives
The aims of this study were to map women's spiritual and emotional coping experiences reported after a breast cancer diagnosis and examine the proposed interventions and suggestions for clinical practice.

Methods
A scoping review was performed by searching the Scientific Electronic Library Online, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Latin American & Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Medical Literature Analyses and Retrieval System Online, Spanish Bibliographic Index of Health Sciences, PSYCINFO, and Google Scholar databases using Medical Subject Headings terms. Additional pertinent studies were identified by reviewing the bibliographies of the included studies. Twenty articles were included according to the recommendations for scoping reviews.

Results
Study findings regarding emotional and spiritual coping with the diagnosis and proposed interventions were synthesized. A thematic list of interventions and recommendations for clinical practice is also provided.

Conclusions
The studies demonstrated that women with breast cancer are challenged by their emotions and experiences. The review highlights the importance of spiritual coping for redefining women's meaning in life. In clinical practice, caring for women's inherent needs when they are coping with a diagnosis is important to establish integral care.

Implications for Practice
Nurses can evaluate coping strategies, offer support for adaptation to the disease, provide qualified listening, help women in their search for significance while coping with cancer, and help them identify ways to overcome this stressful situation. Similarly, they can encourage patients to find spiritual comfort and emotional support.
Clinical Presentation of Toddlers With New Intracranial Space-Occupying Lesions
Authors: Khan Abdullah , Azadian Moosa , Richter David , Young Timothy P. , Kuntz Heather M. 
Published: March 2021

Objective
Intracranial space occupying lesions (ICSOLs) like tumors and abscesses can be life-threatening conditions. It can be especially difficult to diagnose these conditions in toddlers. We aimed to describe symptoms and signs present in a sample of toddlers with ICSOLs.

Methods
We performed a retrospective chart review of 15 toddlers with intracranial tumors, abscesses, or infected cysts. We collected data on the presence of various signs and symptoms on presentation to the emergency department.

Results
Eight toddlers (53%) presented with vomiting. A change in behavior was the second most common symptom (6, 40%). Seven children (47%) had motor weakness, and 5 (33%) had ataxia. Eleven of the 12 children with tumors (92%) had documented abnormal neurologic signs on initial physical examination.

Conclusions
Vomiting, a change in behavior, and an abnormal neurologic examination were common signs and symptoms in our sample of toddlers with ICSOLs. An accurate history and appropriate neurologic examination can help physicians make this challenging diagnosis in this age group.
A Workplace Procedure Training Cart to Augment Pediatric Resident Procedural Learning
Authors: Goldman Michael P. , Palladino Lauren E. , Malik Rabia N. , Powers Emily M. , Rudd Alexis V. , Aronson Paul L. , Auerbach Marc A. 
Published: March 2021

Objective
Our primary aim was to describe pediatric residents' use of a workplace procedural training cart. An exploratory aim was to examine if the cart associated with increased resident procedural experiences with real patients.

Methods
Guided by the procedural training construct of “Learn, See, Practice, Prove, Do, Maintain,” we created a novel workplace procedural training cart with videos (learn and see) and simulation equipment (practice and prove). An electronic logbook recorded resident use data, and a brief survey solicited residents' perceptions of the cart's educational impact. We queried our electronic medical record to compare the proportion of real procedures completed by residents before and after the intervention.

Results
From August 1 to December 31, 2019, 24 pediatric residents (10 interns and 14 seniors) rotated in the pediatric emergency department. Twenty-one cart encounters were logged, mostly by interns (67% [14/21]). The 21 cart encounters yielded 32 learning activities (8 videos watched and 24 procedures practiced), reflecting the residents' interest in laceration repair (50% [4/8], 54% [13/24]) and lumbar puncture (38% [3/8], 33% [8/24]). All users agreed (29% [6/21]) or strongly agreed (71% [15/21]) the cart encouraged practice and improved confidence in independently performing procedures. No changes were observed in the proportion of actual procedures completed by residents.

Conclusions
A workplace procedural training cart was used mostly by pediatric interns. The cart cultivated residents' perceived confidence in real procedures but was not used by all residents or influenced residents' procedural behaviors in the pediatric emergency department.
Pain in Adults With Cerebral Palsy After Single-Event Multilevel Surgery
Authors: Götze Marco , Geisbüsch Andreas , Thielen Mirjam , Döderlein Leonhard , Wolf Sebastian I. , Dreher Thomas , Putz Cornelia 
Published: March 2021

Objective
The aim of the investigation was to assess the contribution of pain to functional, social, and health-related quality-of-life outcomes in adults with cerebral palsy.

Design
This monocentric, prospective study included long-term data for ambulant adults with cerebral palsy and at levels I–III in the Gross Motor Function Classification System who had received orthopedic multilevel surgery in adulthood and in whom preoperative and postoperative three-dimensional gait analysis was conducted, including the Gait Profile Score. A questionnaire including the Visual Analog Scale, Oswestry Disability Index, and European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions 3 Level was analyzed.

Results
Twenty-four adults at a mean age of 38.0 yrs were included. Sixteen patients (66.7%) indicated that they experienced pain and 10 patients (41.7%) had pain for more than 6 mos. Overall, 13 patients (54%) experienced both pain and anxiety. There was no correlation of the Gait Profile Score with pain, Gross Motor Function Classification System, and Oswestry Disability Index. The Oswestry Disability Index showed a positive correlation with the Gross Motor Function Classification System (r = 0.39, P = 0.05) and pain (r = 0.57, P = 0.004).

Conclusions
Pain and anxiety represent relevant comorbidities in adults with cerebral palsy. The occurrence of pain correlates with the Oswestry Disability Index and is higher than in children with cerebral palsy.
Community Space, Community Groups, and Incident HIV Infection Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Rural South Africa: A Longitudinal Analysis of HIV Prevention Trials Network 068 Data
Authors: Bhushan Nivedita L. , Stoner Marie C. D. , Twine Rhian , Kahn Kathleen , Lippman Sheri A. , Pettifor Audrey E. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
As adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) transition to adulthood, their interaction with their social context becomes a critical consideration for HIV prevention interventions. Few studies have examined what types of community groups and community spaces might be protective for AGYW HIV acquisition and related sexual behaviors.

Methods:
Data were obtained from HIV Prevention Trials Network 068, a longitudinal study of AGYW (age 13–20 years) in rural South Africa. Survival analyses and generalized estimating equations were used to assess whether community group membership and time spent in community spaces were associated with HIV incidence and sexual behaviors (unprotected sex, transactional sex, and having an older partner).

Results:
A total of 2245 AGYW were followed up for up to 4 years. Membership in church groups [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.53 to 0.91] and dance groups (aHR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.80 to 0.98) and spending time at church (aHR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.79 to 0.98) were protective for HIV infection. Conversely, spending time at taverns was associated with higher HIV incidence (aHR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.41). Membership in church groups and spending time at a family member's home and at church were protective for all 3 sexual behaviors. Spending time at a boyfriend's home and taverns was risky for all 3 sexual behaviors.

Conclusions:
The results suggest that community spaces and community groups that include an element of adult supervision are potentially protective, whereas spaces and groups that provide an opportunity for AGYW to interact unsupervised with boyfriends or meet new partners are potentially risky.