bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerotelium fici
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Laundon G. F. , Rainbow A. F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Cerotelium fici
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On several species of
Ficus
, especially
F. carica
; also recorded on species of
Broussonetia, Maclura
and
Morus
including
Morus alba
and
M. nigra
(mulberry), though there are doubts as to whether the
Morus
rust is conspecific (Sydow,
Monogr. Ured
. 3: 324, 1915; Boedijn (39: 556) p. 471). Some records on
Ficus
spp. other than
F. carica
may refer to
Uredo ficina
. DISEASE: Fig rust. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread throughout the tropics and subtropics (CMI Map 399). Some records may be errors for
Uredo ficina
. TRANSMISSION: The life-cycle of this rust is not completely known. In southern USA it is believed to overwinter on fallen leaves from which urediospores infect the young developing leaves in the spring (Krezdorn & Adriance, 1961). The incubation period has been reported to be 14 days (12: 551).
Puccinia pittieriana
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Laundon G. F. , Rainbow A. F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Puccinia pittieriana
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On
Lycopersicon esculentum
(tomato),
Solanum tuberosum
(potato) and
S. demissum
; also on various wild species of
Solanum
. DISEASE: Potato and tomato rust. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: America (Mexico, Costa Rica, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela) (CMI Map 113). TRANSMISSION: By wind-blown basidiospores; germination and infection studies have been undertaken (48, 905). Presumably a prolonged if not continuous potato cropping period, combined with susceptible native plants, ensures a carry-over of inoculum from one crop to another (47, 3189).
Tranzschelia pruni-spinosae var. pruni-spinosae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Laundon G. F. , Rainbow A. F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Tranzschelia pruni-spinosae var. pruni-spinosae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Pycnia and aecia systemic on species of
Anemone
, especially
Anemone ranunculoides
; also recorded on species of
Hepatica, Ranunculus
and
Thalictrum
. Uredia and telia on species of
Prunus
, especially on wild species (17: 756), but also on
Prunus domestica
(plum) (38: 705). DISEASE: Rust of plum and wild species of
Prunus
. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread throughout Europe and USA. Probably not present in Central and South America, Africa, Asia and Australasia but uncertain owing to confusion with var.
discolor
.
Cochliobolus miyabeanus
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Ellis M. B. , Holliday P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Cochliobolus miyabeanus
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On
Oryza sativa
and other species of
Oryza
. DISEASE: Brown spot and seedling blight of rice. Oval leaf spots up to 1 cm long, at first usually brown, sometimes purplish, later forming white to grey centres, spots may coalesce and leaves wither. Glumes may be spotted, becoming velvety with sporulation. Infected seed is shrivelled and discoloured; coleoptiles bear lesions which can also occur on the roots of seedlings. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread (CMI Map 92, ed. 3, 1966). Records not yet mapped: Angola, Cambodia, Chad, France (S.), French Polynesia, Hong Kong, Laos, Malawi, Nepal, Rhodesia. TRANSMISSION: Seed infection is important (mycelium remaining viable for up to 3 yr) and is probably responsible for most of the primary infection in young crops (9: 556; 34: 104). Grain is directly attacked and kernels in the flowering and milk stages are more susceptible than those in the soft dough and mature stages (45, 2834; 46, 317). Conidia are air-dispersed showing a diurnal periodicity with a max. in the late afternoon (43, 1017; 48, 3486).
Drechslera stenospila
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Ellis M. B. , Holliday P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Drechslera stenospila
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On
Saccharum officinarum
. DISEASE: Brown stripe of sugarcane. The linear spots turn reddish and elongate parallel to the long axis of the leaf; usually 2-10 mm long, often reach 25 mm and may be up to 75 mm but the streaks and runners characteristic of eye spot of sugarcane (
D. sacchari
, CMI Descript. 305) are absent. The spots may coalesce producing large necrotic areas. Comparisons between these 2 pathogens have been made (7: 401; 8: 134; 29: 477). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Has been reported from many sugarcane growing areas (CMI Map 483, ed. 1, 1971). TRANSMISSION: Presumably by air-dispersed conidia although no studies have been reported. No natural infection on other hosts occurs.
Rhynchosphaeria cupressi
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Booth C. , Gibson I. A. S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Rhynchosphaeria cupressi
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On
Cupressus macrocarpa, C. lusitanica, C. arizonica, C. torulosa, Cupressocyparis lawsoniana, Juniperus procera, Thuja orientalis
. DISEASE: Stem and branch canker of young trees. Cankers are associated with profuse resin flow and in advanced states, a flattened, winged condition of the tissue may be produced. Cankers may girdle and kill young trees. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North America (USA); Africa (Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi, Rhodesia, South Africa); Australia and Oceania (New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia, New Zealand); Asia (India (Bakshi
et al.
, 1970)). TRANSMISSION: Conidia and ascospores are released under moist conditions and dispersed by a splash take-off mechanism, after which they have a limited air-borne range (33: 191). Long distance spread is probably effected by human agencies.
Mycosphaerella pinodes
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Punithalingam E. , Holliday P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Mycosphaerella pinodes
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On
Pisum sativum, Lathyrus, Phaseolus
and
Vicia
. DISEASE: Leaf, stem and pod spot and foot rot of pea (
Pisum sativum
). Lesions on the above-ground parts begin as very small purplish spots which enlarge and becoming more or less zonate and dark brown without a definite margin; they may be circular or irregular in shape with a darker centre. Infection spreads via the petiole to the stem causing girdling lesions; the tap root and proximal parts of the lateral roots can be attacked. Flowers become spotted and pods poorly filled. Infection leads to post-emergence and pre-emergence damping-off, death or dwarfing of older plants and discoloration and shrinkage of seed. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread, especially in temperate and sub-tropical areas (CMI Map 316, ed. 2, 1967). New records not yet mapped are: Ethiopia, Greece, Haiti, Iraq, Lebanon, Mexico, Salvador. TRANSMISSION: By water (conidia), air (ascospores), soil and host debris (in which
M. pinodes
survives between crops) and through seed. Chlamydospores and sclerotia occur and, in the soil, conidia can be transformed into the former. There is some saprophytic ability (20: 441; 44, 2658; 47, 1721; 48, 1389).
Xylaria polymorpha
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Sivanesan A. , Holliday P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Xylaria polymorpha
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Mostly gregarious on stems of deciduous trees, including
Acer rubrum, Coffea arabica, Platanus acerifolia
and
Shorea robusta
. DISEASE: Causes decay of stumps and fallen timber of hardwoods. At most a weak pathogen which enters through wounds. It has been associated with
Acer rubrum
(17: 357).
Coffea arabica
(7: 538),
Platanus acerifolia
(36: 288) and
Shorea robusta
(33: 58), as well as other hosts. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread. TRANSMISSION: No studies reported.
Cryptodiaporthe populea
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Booth C. , Gibson I. A. S. , Sutton B. C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Cryptodiaporthe populea
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Poplar, willow. A wide range of poplar species are more or less susceptible, with members of the
tacamahacca
and
algeros
groups principally affected.
Populus alba
var.
pyramidalis
is very susceptible in Britain and
P. alba
and
P
.
tremula
are tolerant; complete resistance is unknown in the genus: The fungus has been recorded on cricket bat willow in Belgium. DISEASE:
Dothichiza
canker,
Dorhichiza
dieback, poplar canker. The conidial state is the form of this fungus most commonly found associated with the dieback or canker of poplar. The fungus is a wound parasite unable to invade sound bark tissues, although very small wounds, such as scars left by bud scales, may permit infection (38, 341). Infection usually occurs in the winter, when bark moisture and turgor are lowest (36, 673; 37, 684). First signs are a discoloration of the cortex under the bark, which develops to a sunken, dead patch of bark, often at the base of twigs or at the junction of first-year and second-year wood. The lesion may have an unpleasant odour and later develops black, globular, pycnidia on the surface. The lesion may heal over in a single season but it can spread to cause severe damage or death of the host. Injury is believed to be due to toxin formation as well as physical girdling by the canker (35, 797; 38, 103). The crowns of old trees or young plants in nurseries and plantations are mainly affected. The disease may be distinguished from that caused by
Valsa sordida
Nits. by its larger conidia and larger and less frequent stromata in infected tissues. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe (all western Europe excluding Portugal, Norway, Yugoslavia, Rumania, Bulgaria, Poland, Estonia, Ukraine and south-east Russia). Near East (Turkey, Cyprus). North America (east Canada, north-east USA). South America (Argentina) (CMI Map 344, ed. 2, 1968). TRANSMISSION: Mainly by airborne splash-dispersed conidia.
Pseudomonas alboprecipitans
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Bradbury J. F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Pseudomonas alboprecipitans
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On
Setaria lutescens, S. italica
and
Zea mays
. Goto & Starr (1971) and Tominaga (1971) report natural infection of
Euchlaena mexicana
in Japan, while the latter author also reports natural infection of
Agropyron pubescens, Bromus catharticus, B. inermis
and
B. marginatus
in Japan, and
Hordeum vulgare
and
Oryza sativa
in the Philippines. The following are recorded as susceptible to spray inoculation:
Agropyron intermedian ?, Alopecurus pratensis, Arrhenatherum elatius, Avena sativa, Echinochloa frumentacea, Festuca elatior, Holcus lanatus, Lolium multiflorum, Poa pratensis, Phalaris arundinacea, Secale cereale, Setaria geniculata, Sorghum vulgare, S. vulgare
var.
sudanense, Triticum aestivum
. Goto & Starr (1971) also report slight infection of
Phaseolus vulgaris
with wounding. DISEASE: Bacterial leaf blight and stalk rot of maize and teosinte; bacterial brown stripe of foxtail and various other grasses. On leaves and sheaths spots and streaks are produced. They vary in size and in colour from yellowish or pale brown to dark brown, depending on the host and conditions. On maize, if the stalk rot occurs it is on the upper part of the stem, often at the level where the ears are produced. The top of the plant dies and bleaches. The ears are usually sterile and sometimes become rotted. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Texas, Virginia), Brazil, Japan, Philippines. TRANSMISSION: Presumably transmitted mainly by wind and rain. Entry into the plant is through stomata and hydathodes and, although bacterial exudate is not seen, large numbers of bacteria can emerge on to wet leaf surfaces, especially on damaged leaves.
Nectria hederae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Peerally A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Nectria hederae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST:
Hedera helix
. DISEASE: A minor disease. Brown irregular patches are produced on leaves, stems and rootless. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: England, France. TRANSMISSION: This probably occurs mainly by wind-borne conidia.
Sclerotinia fuckeliana
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Ellis M. B. , Waller J. M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Sclerotinia fuckeliana
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Occurs both as a parasite and a saprophyte on a very wide range of host plants. DISEASE: Causes 'grey mould' or 'botrytis disease', a blight or rot of immature, fleshy or senescent tissues. Lesions develop as tan or brown water soaked areas, which may become greyish on drying out. The profuse grey brown sporulation of the fungus on old diseased tissue is characteristic. Rotting of perishable plant produce at harvest or in store causes large losses; can be particularly severe on soft fruit such as strawberries and grapes and vegetables such as cabbage, lettuce etc. Damping-off and basal leaf and stem rot result in severe damage to lettuce and flax. Blights of buds, blossom, leaves and stems may also occur on a wide range of hosts and the fungus has been implicated in dieback and canker formation on woody plants. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World wide, but most prevalent as a disease in humid temperate or sub-tropical areas. TRANSMISSION: Conidia are air-borne, but may be carried on the surface of rain splash droplets (41, 436). Diseased plant parts, on which sporulation is profuse in wet weather, are important sources of inoculum in disease epidemics. The fungus overwinters as sclerotia or as mycelium in old plant debris and may be seedborne as spores or mycelium on e.g. flax (37, 720).
Botrytis fabae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Ellis M. B. , Waller J. M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Botrytis fabae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Vicia
spp. especially
Vicia faba
(field or broad bean); also reported from
Phaseolus
beans, pea and lentil (11, 346). DISEASE: Causes chocolate spot of field (broad) beans. Two phases of this disease are usually recognised. The non-aggressive phase, in which discrete reddish or chocolate brown spots occur on the foliage, is common in winter and early spring, while the aggressive phase in which lesions coalesce to cause a black blight of much of the shoot may occur in late spring-early summer when conditions are favourable. The disease may cause large losses to field crops when epidemics of the aggressive phase occur. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe, Middle East, N.E. and S. Africa, S.E. Asia, Australasia, S. America (CMI Map 162, ed. 3, 1972). More recent records are from Korea, India, S. Australia, Canada (Nova Scotia) and Norway. TRANSMISSION: Air-borne conidia are readily produced on dead bean foliage during wet weather. The fungus perennates in bean debris and as sclerotia in the soil and is also seed-borne (Noble & Richardson,
Phytopathological Paper
8, 1968).
Ganoderma boninense
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Steyaert R. L. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Ganoderma boninense
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Mainly palms:
Elaeis guineensis, Cocos nucifera, Livistona subglobosa, Casuarina torulosa, Areca
spp., and
Albizia
spp. DISEASE: Very frequent on palm trees. Cause of basal rot of the stipe of
Elaeis guineensis
and
Cocos nucifera
. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: From Sri Lanka in the west through Malaysia and Indonesia to the Philippines and the Japanese Island of Kyushyu and Bonin in the north east, Samoa to the east, through eastern Australia to Tasmania in the south east. Apparently widespread throughout the Indonesian and Pacific Islands and at least the eastern states of Australia. TRANSMISSION: Either by air-borne basidiospores or root contact with infected debris in the soil (Turner, 1965).
Trichoscyphella willkommii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Buczacki S. T. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Trichoscyphella willkommii
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Larches (
Larix
and
Pseudolarix
). Alpine provenances of
L. decidua
are very susceptible. East European ones less so.
Larix kaempferi
, while often resistant, is very badly affected when attack does occur (53, 295). Records on other conifers (e.g. Hopkinson,
Quarterly Journal of Forestry
, 1913) are almost certainly erroneous. DISEASE: Larch canker and the girdling dieback resulting from it. Not epidemic dieback (52, 3089). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe, N America (from where it has probably been eradicated (32, 651) after almost certainly being introduced from W. Europe), Japan (where it has been recently shown to be native (50, 2536)). TRANSMISSION: By ascospores.
Phialophora parasitica
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Hawksworth D. L. , Gibson I. A. S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Phialophora parasitica
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Man,
Vitis vinifera, Prunus armeniaca, Quercus virginiana, Nectandra
sp.,
Cupressus
sp.,
Phoenix dactylifera
,
Aquilaria agallocha
[Aquilaria malaccensis]
. DISEASE: Associated with wilting of date palm and apricot (
P. armeniaca
), a dieback of
Nectandra
sp. causing the death of whole tree and chlorosis and dieback of
Quercus virginiana
. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Tunisia); America (USA, Costa Rica); Asia (Iraq, Bangladesh); Europe (Cyprus). TRANSMISSION: Probably by splash-distributed conidia.
Mortierella wolfii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Lunn J. A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Mortierella wolfii
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On rotten silage, rotten hay, silage casing soil, coal spoil tips and is pathogenic for cattle and experimentally pathogenic to mice and sheep. DISEASE: A cause of bovine mycotic abortion and post partum pneumonia in cattle in New Zealand and of mycotic abortion in Canada and UK. It is the main fungus causing bovine mycotic abortion in the North Island of New Zealand. Experimental infections have caused mycotic pneumonia and placentitis in cattle, sheep and mice. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Canada, UK, India, New Zealand, USA. TRANSMISSION: Unknown. The source of infection of cattle is thought to be rotting hay, straw and silage (Austwick, 1976).
Gymnosporangium fuscum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Laundon G. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Gymnosporangium fuscum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Aecia on pear (
Pyrus communis
) and other species of
Pyrus
. Telia on
Juniperus chinensis, J. sabina, J. virginiana
and others of the '
sabina
' group. DISEASE: European pear rust. Aecia on leaves, causing thickened spots, and on cankers on the branches. Telia on fusiform swellings of juniper stems. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widely distributed in Europe and extending to Asia (Lebanon, Syria and Turkey) and N. Africa (Algeria, Morocco). Also introduced into N. America (British Columbia and California) (CMI Map 387, ed. 2, 1975).
Phytophthora heveae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Stamps D. Jean 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Phytophthora heveae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Hevea
rubber, cacao, Brazil nut,
Agathis australis
, guava, mango, avocado pear. DISEASE: Pod rot and black stripe of rubber; pod rot of cacao; leaf blight of Brazil nut; avocado pear trunk canker. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (Malaysia, India); Australia (Queensland, New South Wales); New Zealand; Papua New Guinea; North America (USA); Central America (Guatemala); South America (Brazil). (CMI Map 428, ed. 1, 1967). TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne. Isolated from forest soils (44, 1944); soil in rubber plantation (49, 2165); in
Agathis australis
stand (54, 3493); in
Eucalyptus
plantation (55, 4876).
Clypeoporthe iliau
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Sivanesan A. , Holliday P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Clypeoporthe iliau
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Saccharum
. DISEASE: Iliau disease of sugarcane. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Perhaps widely scattered in sugarcane areas but rarely reported now. There are records for: Australia (Queensland), Brazil (Sao Paulo), Cuba, Hawau, Mauritius, Philippines and USA (Louisiana, Mississippi) (CMI Map 158, ed. 3, 1981). TRANSMISSION: Probably wind-borne, water-borne and soil-borne.
Mycosphaerella linicola
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Sivanesan A. , Holliday P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Mycosphaerella linicola
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On leaves, stems and penduncles of
Linum usitatissimum, and Linum
spp. DISEASE: Pasmo disease of flax GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread with host (CMI Map 18, ed. 5, 1977). TRANSMISSION: The fungus carries over on crop debris and other
Linum
spp. It is said to remain viable in soil for several years (60, 2047). Infested seeds on germination produce infected seedlings (5, 365; 25, 449). In New Zealand seedborne infection was said to be a minor factor and windborne infection was described (43, 1336; 49, 3316).