bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drying Operation Effects on the Pigments and Phytochemical Properties of Rose Cultivars
Authors: Kim Sujung , Kim Seongmin , Shim Iesung , Hong Eunhye , Kim Sunhyung 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Roses are flowers which contain various phytochemicals and have been used for food and medicinal purposes in many countries. Materials, including flowers, are available for limited periods when plants can be cultivated.

Objective
To evaluate the quality of rose petals on the basis of cultivars and drying methods, chromaticity, phytochemical contents, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity.

Method
Petals of three rose cultivars were dried by hot air drying (HD) and freeze drying (FD). Subsequently, the chromaticity and the contents of pigment, total flavonoids, and ascorbic acid, and DPPH radical scavenging activity were analyzed.

Results
The total color difference (△E)values of rose red (RR, Calypso) and rose orange (RO, Lambada) were low in FD. In contrast, in rose yellow (RY, Ileos), there was no significant difference in chromaticity regulation regardless of the drying methods. The pigment contents were generally increased by drying. The carotenoid content in the RR and anthocyanin and carotenoid contents in RO were higher in FD than in HD. The drying operations increased the flavonoid and ascorbic acid content and antioxidant activity in roses, but the difference between the drying methods was not significant. Correlation coefficient analysis revealed ascorbic acid and anthocyanin to have a high positive correlation (r = 0.843), followed by flavonoid and DPPH radical scavenging activity.

Conclusions
This study showed that the drying operations increased the flavonoid and ascorbic acid contents, and the chromaticity and pigment content of some cultivars was higher in FD.

Highlights
Comparison of the color change, phytochemical content, and antioxidant activity by the drying methods (FD and HD treatment) in the three rose cultivars with red, orange, and yellow petals showed the increased phytochemical contents and antioxidant activity after drying, and chromaticity and pigment content were more stable and higher in FD.
“More than Scabs and Stitches”: An Interview Study of Burn Survivors’ Perspectives on Treatment and Recovery
Authors: Dukes Kimberly , Baldwin Stephanie , Hagedorn Joshua , Ruba Emily , Christel Katherine , Assimacopoulos Evangelia , Grieve Brian , Wibbenmeyer Lucy A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Sustaining a burn injury often results in a life-long recovery process. Survivors are impacted by changes in their mobility, appearance, and ability to carry out activities of daily living. In this study, we examined survivors’ accounts of their treatment and recovery in order to identify specific factors that have had significant impacts on their well-being. With this knowledge, we may be better equipped to optimize the care of burn patients. We conducted inductive, thematic analysis on transcripts of in-depth, semistructured interviews with 11 burn survivors. Participants were purposefully selected for variability in age, gender, injury size and mechanism, participation in peer support, and rurality. Survivors reported varied perceptions of care quality and provider relationships. Ongoing issues with skin and mobility continued to impact their activities of daily living. Many survivors reported that they did not have a clear understanding or realistic expectations of the recovery process. Wound care was often described as overwhelming and provoked fear for many. Even years later, trauma from burn injury can continue to evolve, creating fears and impediments to daily living for survivors. To help patients understand the realistic course of recovery, providers should focus on communicating the nature of injury and anticipated recovery, developing protocols to better identify survivors facing barriers to care, and referring survivors for further support.
Integrated dominance mechanisms regulate reproductive architecture inArabidopsis thalianaandBrassica napus
Authors: Walker Catriona H , Wheeldon Cara D , Bennett Tom 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe production of seed in flowering plants is complicated by the need to first invest in reproductive shoots, inflorescences, flowers, and fruit. Furthermore, in many species, it will be months between plants generating flowers and setting seed. How can plants therefore produce an optimal seed-set relative to environmental resources when the “reproductive architecture” that supports seed-set needs to be elaborated so far in advance? Here, we address this question by investigating the spatio-temporal control of reproductive architecture in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and Brassica napus. We show that resource and resource-related signals such as substrate volume play a key role in determining the scale of reproductive effort, and that this is reflected in the earliest events in reproductive development, which broadly predict the subsequent reproductive effort. We show that a series of negative feedbacks both within and between developmental stages prevent plants from over-committing to early stages of development. These feedbacks create a highly plastic, homeostatic system in which additional organs can be produced in the case of reproductive failure elsewhere in the system. We propose that these feedbacks represent an “integrated dominance” mechanism that allows resource use to be correctly sequenced between developmental stages to optimize seed set.
3D bioprinting of integral ADSCs-NO hydrogel scaffolds to promote severe burn wound healing
Authors: Wu Yu , Liang Tangzhao , Hu Ying , Jiang Shihai , Luo Yuansen , Liu Chang , Wang Guo , Zhang Jing , Xu Tao , Zhu Lei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Severe burns are challenging to heal and result in significant death throughout the world. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) have emerged as a promising treatment for full-thickness burn healing but are impeded by their low viability and efficiency after grafting in vivo. Nitric oxide (NO) is beneficial in promoting stem cell bioactivity, but whether it can function effectively in vivo is still largely unknown. In this study, we bioprinted an efficient biological scaffold loaded with ADSCs and NO (3D-ADSCs/NO) to evaluate its biological efficacy in promoting severe burn wound healing. The integral 3D-ADSCs/NO hydrogel scaffolds were constructed via 3D bioprinting. Our results shown that 3D-ADSCs/NO can enhance the migration and angiogenesis of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs). Burn wound healing experiments in mice revealed that 3D-ADSCs/NO accelerated the wound healing by promoting faster epithelialization and collagen deposition. Notably, immunohistochemistry of CD31 suggested an increase in neovascularization, supported by the upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA in ADSCs in the 3D biosystem. These findings indicated that 3D-ADSC/NO hydrogel scaffold can promote severe burn wound healing through increased neovascularization via the VEGF signalling pathway. This scaffold may be considered a promising strategy for healing severe burns.
Estimating the total morbidity burden of COVID-19
Authors: Smith Maia P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundCalculations of disease burden of COVID-19 are used to allocate scarce resources and historically have focused on mortality, with little attention to morbidity such as postviral ‘post-COVID,’ similar to chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), which strikes 4 and 16% of male and female survivors. This paper quantifies post-COVID disability burden and combines it with case fatality to estimate total morbidity per COVID-19 case.MethodsHealthy life years lost per COVID-19 case were computed as the sum of (incidence*disability weight*remaining lifespan) for death and post-COVID (modeled as CFS) by sex and 10-year age category. In addition to death, the main model considered lifelong mild, moderate or severe CFS; Model 2, CFS which resolved in ten years; Model 3, no CFS but 10% risk of death 10 years later.ResultsIn all models, acute mortality was only a small share of total morbidity. For lifelong moderate CFS symptoms, healthy years lost per COVID-19 case ranged from 0.92 (male in his 30s) to 5.71 (girl under 10) and were 3.5 and 3.6 for the oldest females and males. At higher symptom severities, young people and females bore larger shares of total morbidity; if symptoms were persistent or survivors’ later mortality increased, young people of both sexes were at highest risk.ConclusionsCompared to post-COVID, acute mortality contributes only a small share of total COVID-19 morbidity. Total burden falls heavily on the young, who are currently deprioritized for preventive interventions such as vaccines. To fairly allocate scarce resources, decisionmakers should consider all morbidity.
County-Level Estimates of Excess Mortality Associated with COVID-19 in the United States
Authors: Ackley Calvin A. , Lundberg Dielle J. , Ma Lei , Elo Irma T. , Preston Samuel H. , Stokes Andrew C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. has been largely monitored on the basis of death certificates containing reference to COVID-19. However, prior analyses reveal that a significant percentage of excess deaths associated with the pandemic were not directly assigned to COVID-19.MethodsIn the present study, we estimate a generalized linear model of expected mortality in 2020 based on historical trends in deaths by county of residence between 2011 and 2019. We use the results of the model to generate estimates of excess mortality and excess deaths not assigned to COVID-19 for 1,470 county-sets in the U.S. representing 3,138 counties.ResultsDuring 2020, more than one-fourth of U.S. residents (91.2 million) lived in counties where less than 75% of excess deaths were assigned to COVID-19. Across the country, we estimated that 439,698 excess deaths occurred in 2020, among which 86.7% were assigned to COVID-19. Some regions (Mideast, Great Lakes, New England, and Far West) reported the most excess deaths in large central metros, whereas other regions (Southwest, Southeast, Plains, and Rocky Mountains) reported the highest excess mortality in nonmetro areas. The proportion assigned to COVID-19 was lowest in large central metro areas (79.3%) compared to medium or small metros (87.4%), nonmetro areas (89.4%) and large fringe metros (95.2%). Regionally, the proportion of excess deaths assigned to COVID-19 was lowest in the Southeast (81.1%), Far West (81.2%), Southwest (82.6%), and Rocky Mountains (85.2%). Across the regions, the number of excess deaths exceeded the number of directly assigned COVID-19 deaths in the majority of counties. The exception to this was in New England, which reported more directly assigned COVID-19 deaths than excess deaths in large central metro areas, large fringe metros, and medium or small metros.ConclusionsAcross the U.S., many counties had substantial numbers of excess deaths that were not accounted for in direct COVID-19 death counts. Estimates of excess mortality at the local level can inform the allocation of resources to areas most impacted by the pandemic and contribute to positive protective behavior feedback loops (i.e. increases in mask-wearing and vaccine uptake).
An N-terminal Fusion Allele to Study Melanin Concentrating Hormone Receptor 1
Authors: Jasso Kalene R. , Kamba Tisianna K. , Zimmerman Arthur D. , Bansal Ruchi , Engle Staci E. , Everett Thomas , Wu Chang-Hung , Kulaga Heather , Reed Randal R. , Berbari Nicolas F. , McIntyre Jeremy C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCilia on neurons play critical roles in both the development and function of the central nervous system (CNS). While it remains challenging to elucidate the precise roles for neuronal cilia, it is clear that a subset of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) preferentially localize to the cilia membrane. Further, ciliary GPCR signaling has been implicated in regulating a variety of behaviors. Melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHR1), is a GPCR expressed centrally in rodents known to be enriched in cilia. Here we have used MCHR1 as a model ciliary GPCR to develop a strategy to fluorescently tag receptors expressed from the endogenous locusin vivo.Using CRISPR/Cas9, we inserted the coding sequence of the fluorescent protein mCherry into the N-terminus ofMchr1. Analysis of the fusion protein (mCherryMCHR1) revealed its localization to neuronal cilia in the CNS, across multiple developmental time points and in various regions of the adult brain. Our approach simultaneously produced fortuitous in/dels altering theMchr1start codon resulting in a new MCHR1 knockout line. Functional studies using electrophysiology show a significant alteration of synaptic strength in MCHR1 knockout mice. A reduction in strength is also detected in mice homozygous for the mCherry insertion, suggesting that while the strategy is useful for monitoring the receptor, activity could be altered. However, both lines should aid in studies of MCHR1 function and contribute to our understanding of MCHR1 signaling in the brain. Additionally, this approach could be expanded to aid in the study of other ciliary GPCRs.
MYC drives aggressive prostate cancer by disrupting transcriptional pause release at androgen receptor targets
Authors: Qiu Xintao , Boufaied Nadia , Hallal Tarek , Feit Avery , de Polo Anna , Luoma Adrienne M. , Larocque Janie , Zadra Giorgia , Xie Yingtian , Gu Shengqing , Tang Qin , Zhang Yi , Syamala Sudeepa , Seo Ji-Heui , Bell Connor , O’Connor Edward , Liu Yang , Schaeffer Edward M. , Karnes R. Jeffrey , Weinmann Sheila , Davicioni Elai , Cejas Paloma , Ellis Leigh , Loda Massimo , Wucherpfennig Kai W. , Pomerantz Mark M. , Spratt Daniel E. , Corey Eva , Freedman Matthew L. , Liu X. Shirley , Brown Myles , Long Henry W. , Labbé David P. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTc-MYC (MYC) is a major driver of prostate cancer tumorigenesis and progression. Although MYC is overexpressed in both early and metastatic disease and associated with poor survival, its impact on prostate transcriptional reprogramming remains elusive. We demonstrate that MYC overexpression significantly diminishes the androgen receptor (AR) transcriptional program (the set of genes directly targeted by the AR protein) in luminal prostate cells without altering AR expression. Importantly, analyses of clinical specimens revealed that concurrent low AR and high MYC transcriptional programs accelerate prostate cancer progression toward a metastatic, castration-resistant disease. Data integration of single-cell transcriptomics together with ChIP-seq revealed an increased RNA polymerase II (Pol II) promoter-proximal pausing at AR-dependent genes following MYC overexpression without an accompanying deactivation of AR-bound enhancers. Altogether, our findings suggest that MYC overexpression antagonizes the canonical AR transcriptional program and contributes to prostate tumor initiation and progression by disrupting transcriptional pause release at AR-regulated genes.STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCEAR and MYC are key to prostate cancer etiology but our current understanding of their interplay is scarce. Here we show that the oncogenic transcription factor MYC can pause the transcriptional program of the master transcription factor in prostate cancer, AR, while turning on its own, even more lethal program.
Sex-dependent effects of CYP46A1 overexpression on cognitive function during aging
Authors: Latorre-Leal María , Rodriguez-Rodriguez Patricia , Franchini Luca , Daniilidou Makrina , Eroli Francesca , Winblad Bengt , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Kivipelto Miia , Pacciarini Manuela , Wang Yuqin , Griffiths William J. , Björkhem Ingemar , Sandebring Matton Anna , Merino-Serrais Paula , Cedazo-Minguez Angel , Maioli Silvia 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTCholesterol turnover and CYP46A1 regulation are reported to be crucial for memory functions. An increasing body of evidence shows that CYP46A1 activation is able to reduce Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) pathological processes. In this study we report for the first time that CYP46A1 overexpression and increase of 24S-hydroxycholesterol (24OH) induces sex-specific changes in synaptic functions in aged mice, being beneficial in females while detrimental in males. The positive effects on cognition in aged CYP46A1 overexpressing female mice were accompanied by morphological changes in dendritic spines and enhancement of estrogen receptor signaling in hippocampus. In aged males, CYP46A1 overexpression leads to anxiety-like behavior and worsening of spatial memory, followed by decreased dendritic spine density and higher 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels in hippocampus. Further, analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from AD, mild cognitive impairment and healthy patients revealed that 24OH was negatively associated to markers of neurodegeneration in women but not in men. Based on our results, CYP46A1 activation may represent a pharmacological target that could specifically enhance brain estrogen receptor signaling in women at risk of developing AD. Finally, this study highlights the importance of taking into account the sex-dimension in both preclinical and clinical studies of neurodegenerative diseases like AD.
Functional independence of endogenous μ- and δ-opioid receptors co-expressed in cholinergic interneurons
Authors: Arttamangkul Seksiri , Platt Emily J. , Carroll James , Farrens David L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractClass A G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) normally function as monomers, although evidence from heterologous expression systems suggests they may form homodimers and/or heterodimers. Detection of GPCR dimers in native tissues has however been challenging due to the lack of suitable tools. μ- and δ-Opioid receptors (MORs and DORs) co-expressed in transfected cells has been reported to form heterodimers. The co-localization of MORs and DORs in neurons has been studied in knock-in mice expressing genetically engineered receptors fused to fluorescent proteins. Here we report that single cholinergic neurons in the mouse striatum endogenously express both MORs and DORs. The receptors were fluorescently labeled in live brain slices with a ligand-directed labeling reagent, NAI-A594. The selective activation of MORs and DORs, with DAMGO (μ-agonist) and deltorphin (δ-agonist) inhibited spontaneous firing in all cells examined. In the continued presence of agonist, the firing rate returned to baseline with the application of deltorphin but was persistently inhibited with the application of DAMGO. In addition, agonist-induced internalization of DORs but not MORs was detected. When MORs and DORs were activated simultaneously with [Met5]enkephalin, desensitization of MORs was facilitated but internalization was not increased. Together, these results indicate that while MORs and DORs are expressed in single striatal cholinergic interneurons, the two receptors function independently.
Neural circuits for dynamics-based segmentation of time series
Authors: Teşileanu Tiberiu , Golkar Siavash , Nasiri Samaneh , Sengupta Anirvan M. , Chklovskii Dmitri B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe brain must extract behaviorally relevant latent variables from the signals streamed by the sensory organs. Such latent variables are often encoded in the dynamics that generated the signal rather than in the specific realization of the waveform. Therefore, one problem faced by the brain is to segment time series based on underlying dynamics. We present two algorithms for performing this segmentation task that are biologically plausible, which we define as acting in a streaming setting and all learning rules being local. One algorithm is model-based and can be derived from an optimization problem involving a mixture of autoregressive processes. This algorithm relies on feedback in the form of a prediction error, and can also be used for forecasting future samples. In some brain regions, such as the retina, the feedback connections necessary to use the prediction error for learning are absent. For this case, we propose a second, model-free algorithm that uses a running estimate of the autocorrelation structure of the signal to perform the segmentation. We show that both algorithms do well when tasked with segmenting signals drawn from autoregressive models with piecewise-constant parameters. In particular, the segmentation accuracy is similar to that obtained from oracle-like methods in which the ground-truth parameters of the autoregressive models are known. We also test our methods on datasets generated by alternating snippets of voice recordings. We provide implementations of our algorithms athttps://github.com/ttesileanu/bio-time-series.
Characterization of α2-Adrenergic Receptors Mediated Vasoconstriction inex vivomodel
Authors: Yao Molly 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionrat tail serves as a thermoregulatory organ by dilating or constricting tail blood vessels and rat tail lateral veins play a role in cutaneous circulation. However, this cutaneous vessel has never been examined and evaluated as a potential candidateex vivomodel to study peripheral vascular diseases. This study aims to investigate vascular tone mediated through α2-adenergic receptor on rat tail vein under different temperatures.MethodsVasoconstriction stimulated by α2-adrenergic receptor selective agonists UK14304, guanabenz was thoroughly examined in isolated rat tail lateral vein. Susceptibility of cutaneous vessel to temperature changes was investigated under 37 °C and 28 °C. Differentiated vascular reactivity exhibited at different temperature was further explored with different α2-adrenergic receptor selective agonists and validated with antagonism by α1-adrenergic receptor and α2-adrenergic receptor selective antagonist prazosin and RX821002, respectively.ResultsVascular tone of freshly isolated vein remained same compared with that of stored in pre-gassed physiologic buffer at 4 °C overnight. Presence of endothelium and repeated administration of UK14304 did not alter contractile property. Vessels away from torso (distal) showed significantly different contractile character compared with portion close to torso (proximal) at 28 °C but kept uniform at 37 °C. Enhanced vasoconstriction along with increased potency of α2-adrenergic receptor agonists UK14304 and guanabenz was consistently present at 28 °C, independent of temperature change orders. Potentiated vasoconstriction present at 28 °C was later proved via α2-adrenergic receptor alone.DiscussionHarvest and preparation of rat tail lateral vein was described in details. Contractile property of venous preparations stimulated by α2-adrenergic receptor selective agonists was first time examined. Differentiated vasoconstriction at moderate cooling temperature was described and confirmed to through α2-adrenergic receptor activation. Rat tail lateral vein is found valuable for studies of cutaneous circulation altered by temperature changes.