bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Illegitimate tasks in health care: Illegitimate task types and associations with occupational well‐being
Authors: Kilponen Kiia , Huhtala Mari , Kinnunen Ulla , Mauno Saija , Feldt Taru 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesThe aims of the study were to identify content categories of unreasonable and unnecessary illegitimate tasks and to investigate how unreasonable and unnecessary tasks relate to occupational wellbeing.BackgroundIllegitimate tasks are a common stressor among healthcare professionals, and they have been shown to have negative associations with occupational well‐being. Despite this evidence, research has not yet uncovered what kinds of tasks healthcare professionals consider illegitimate.Design and methodThe data gathered by means of an online survey consisted of 1024 municipal healthcare organisation employees. A theory‐driven qualitative content analysis was used to analyse freely reported illegitimate tasks. For occupational well‐being associations, a mixed‐methods approach was used (ANCOVA and linear regression analysis). The STROBE statement—checklist for cross‐sectional studies was used.ResultsEight content categories were found for illegitimate tasks. For unreasonable tasks, these were (1) tasks outside one's occupational role (78% of all unreasonable tasks), (2) conflicting or unclear demands (9%), (3) tasks with insufficient resources (8%) and (4) tasks with difficult consequences (5%), and for unnecessary tasks, these were (1) impractical or outdated working habits (31% of all unnecessary tasks), (2) tasks related to dysfunctional technology (30%), (3) unnecessary procedures (27%) and (4) tasks related to bureaucratic demands (12%). Unreasonable and unnecessary tasks were associated with higher levels of burnout and lower work engagement and the meaningfulness of work.ConclusionsOur findings support the theory that illegitimate tasks are an occupational stressor with negative effects on burnout, work engagement and meaningfulness of work.Relevance to clinical practiceThe study offers insights into the types of tasks health care employees see as illegitimate and highlights the importance of good job design in promoting occupational well‐being in health care.
Effect of self‐care intervention for controlling interdialytic weight gain among patients on haemodialysis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cho Mi‐Kyoung , Kang Youngmi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesThis study aims to identify the combined effects of self‐care or self‐management nursing interventions on primary (interdialytic weight gain) and secondary (potassium, phosphorous, self‐care and self‐efficacy) outcomes in haemodialysis patients with chronic kidney disease.BackgroundPrior systematic reviews and meta‐analyses revealed inconclusive evidence regarding the effects of self‐care or self‐management nursing interventions among the patients on haemodialysis. Also, insufficient or unclear descriptions of methods resulted in weak empirical evidence of such effects.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis were used.MethodsFour databases were searched to identify 36 articles published from 2000 to 2020. Keywords were selected according to the Population Intervention Comparison Outcome format using MeSH terms and text words. The meta‐analysis involved synthesis of effect size, tests of homogeneity and heterogeneity, and funnel plot, Egger's regression test, and Begg's test for assessing publication bias. This study was performed based on the Guidelines of Systematic Reporting of Examination presented in the PRISMA checklist (Appendix S1) and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The search protocol has been registered at the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews.ResultsThe overall effect on interdialytic weight gain was −0.26, suggesting a small effect size, with the interdialytic weight gain after nursing interventions decreasing significantly. Among the type of nursing interventions, the overall effect on interdialytic weight gain of education programmes and fluid and sodium control programmes was −0.36 and 0.25, respectively, a small effect size, and was statistically significant.ConclusionsBased on the results of this study, healthcare professionals may encourage the patients on haemodialysis to engage in self‐directed management of their symptoms, such as health contract, and promote health literacy through improving their self‐efficacy.Relevance to clinical practiceThis meta‐analysis could provide fundamental data to assist with the development of an evidence‐based practice guideline.
Integrative therapies in intensive care units: A scoping review
Authors: Mamba Welile M. , Filmalter Celia J. , Heyns Tanya 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimWe reviewed literature describing the incorporation of integrative therapies in intensive care units. We aimed to elicit an overall picture of research and find existing knowledge gaps on this topic.DesignWe conducted a scoping review guided by Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework and were guided by the PRISMA‐ScR Checklist.MethodsVarious databases were searched for relevant literature. English language articles published between 1999 and 2019 were retrieved. Data were extracted based on sample, sample size, methodology, findings and implications for practice.ResultsFrom 275 studies retrieved, 30 were included, based on the inclusion criteria. Three key themes related to integrative therapies in intensive care units emerged from the literature: 1) general information on integrative therapies; 2) interventions using integrative therapies; and 3) perceptions and attitudes of nurses on integrative therapies. Positive outcomes were observed in ICUs, and nurses showed positive attitudes towards using integrative therapies.
Human blood adenosine biomarkers and non‐rapid eye movement sleep stage 3 (NREM3) cortical functional connectivity associations during a 30‐day head‐down‐tilt bed rest analogue: Potential effectiveness of a reactive sledge jump as a countermeasure
Authors: Nday Christiane M. , Frantzidis Christos A. , Plomariti Christina , Gilou Sotiria C. , Ntakakis Giorgos , Jackson Graham , Chatziioannidis Lykourgos , Bamidis Panagiotis D. , Kourtidou‐Papadeli Chrysoula 
Published: April 2021

SummaryWe investigated the alterations of sleep regulation and promotion biomarkers as adenosine through its enzymes total adenosine deaminase (tADA)/adenosine deaminase (ADA2) in a microgravity analogue environment of head‐down‐tilt bed rest and their association with brain connectivity networks during non‐rapid eye movement sleep stage 3 (NREM3), as well as the effectiveness of the reactive sledge (RSL) jump countermeasure to promote sleep. A total of 23 healthy male volunteers were maintained in 6° head‐down‐tilt position for 30 days and assigned either to a control or to a RSL group. Blood collection and polysomnographic recordings were performed on data acquisition day 1, 14, 30 and −14, 21, respectively. Immunochemical techniques and network‐based statistics were employed for adenosine enzymes and cortical connectivity estimation. Our findings indicate that human blood adenosine biomarkers as well as NREM3 cortical functional connectivity are impaired in simulated microgravity. RSL physical activity intervened in sleep quality via tADA/ADA2 fluctuations lack, minor cortical connectivity increases, and limited degree of node and resting‐state networks. Statistically significant decreases in adenosine biomarkers and NREM3 functional connectivity involving regions (left superior temporal gyrus, right postcentral gyrus, precuneus, left middle frontal gyrus, left postcentral gyrus, left angular gyrus and precuneus) of the auditory, sensorimotor default‐mode and executive networks highlight the sleep disturbances due to simulated microgravity and the sleep‐promoting role of RSL countermeasure. The head‐down‐tilt environment led to sleep deterioration projected through NREM3 cortical brain connectivity or/and adenosine biomarkers shift. This decline was more pronounced in the absence of the RSL countermeasure, thereby highlighting its likely exploitation during space missions.
A second riboflavin import system is present in flavinogenic Streptomyces davaonensis and supports roseoflavin biosynthesis
Authors: Schneider Carmen , Mack Matthias 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe antibiotic roseoflavin is produced by Streptomyces davaonensis in the stationary phase of growth. To support biosynthesis of the secondary metabolite roseoflavin, S. davaonensis underwent several genetic adaptations with regard to metabolism of the roseoflavin precursor and primary metabolite riboflavin. In addition to 17 riboflavin biosynthesis genes at different chromosomal locations, S. davaonensis contains the riboflavin transporter gene ribM being part of the riboflavin biosynthetic operon ribE1MAB5H. Deletion of this operon generated riboflavin auxotrophic S. davaonensis strains. The finding that S. davaonensis ΔribE1MAB5H was able to grow in a culture medium containing low levels of riboflavin indicated that in addition to RibM, a second riboflavin transporter is present in this bacterium. The S. davaonensis genes ribXY (former rosXY) represented candidate genes for such a second riboflavin transport system and the results of our experiments now show that RibXY from S. davaonensis is a highly efficient riboflavin importer but not a roseoflavin importer.
How to kill Pseudomonas—emerging therapies for a challenging pathogen
Authors: Yaeger Luke N. , Coles Victoria E. , Chan Derek C. K. , Burrows Lori L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAs the number of effective antibiotics dwindled, antibiotic resistance (AR) became a pressing concern. Some Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates are resistant to all available antibiotics. In this review, we identify the mechanisms that P. aeruginosa uses to evade antibiotics, including intrinsic, acquired, and adaptive resistance. Our review summarizes many different approaches to overcome resistance. Antimicrobial peptides have potential as therapeutics with low levels of resistance evolution. Rationally designed bacteriophage therapy can circumvent and direct evolution of AR and virulence. Vaccines and monoclonal antibodies are highlighted as immune‐based treatments targeting specific P. aeruginosa antigens. This review also identifies promising drug combinations, antivirulence therapies, and considerations for new antipseudomonal discovery. Finally, we provide an update on the clinical pipeline for antipseudomonal therapies and recommend future avenues for research.
Deformed Complex Vertebral Osteotomy Technique for Management of Severe Congenital Spinal Angular Kyphotic Deformity
Authors: Zhang Hong‐qi , Xiao Li‐ge , Guo Chao‐feng , Wang Yu‐xiang , Wu Jian‐huang , Liu Jin‐yang 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesTo (i) introduce the deformed complex vertebral osteotomy (DCVO) technique for the treatment of severe congenital angular spinal kyphosis; (ii) evaluate the sagittal correction efficacy of the DCVO technique; and (iii) discuss the advantages and limitations of the DCVO technique.MethodsMultiple malformed vertebrae were considered a malformed complex, and large‐range and angle wedge osteotomy was performed within the complex using the DCVO technique. Patients with local kyphosis greater than 80° who were treated with DCVO and did not have tumors, infections, or a history of surgery were included. A retrospective case study was performed in these patients with severe angular kyphosis who underwent the DCVO technique from 2008 to 2016. Demographic data, the operating time, and the volume of intraoperative blood loss were collected. Spinopelvic parameters (pelvic incidence [PI], pelvic tilt [PT], and sacral slope [SS]), local and global sagittal parameters (deformity angle, thoracic kyphosis [TK], and lumbar lordosis [LL]), visual analog scale (VAS) score, and Oswestry disability index (ODI) score were recorded pre‐ and postoperatively. Paired t‐tests (α = 0.05) were used for all data (to compare the mean preoperative value with the mean postoperative and most recent follow‐up values). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsTwenty‐nine patients with a mean age of 34 years (range, 15–55) were included in the final analysis. Seventeen patients were male, and 12 were female. The mean follow‐up was 44 months (range, 26–62). The mean operating time was 299 min (range, 260–320 min). The mean blood loss was 2110 mL (range, 1500–2900 mL). Three patients had T7–T8 deformities (3/29, 10.3%), six had T8–T9 deformities (6/29, 20.7%), six had T9–T10 deformities (6/29, 20.7%), 10 had T10–T11 deformities (10/29, 34.5%), three had T11–T12 deformities (3/29, 10.3%), and one had T9–T11 deformities (1/29, 3.4%). The mean local deformity angle significantly improved from 94.9° ± 10.8° to 24.0° ± 2.3° through the DCVO technique, with no significant loss at the follow‐up. Moreover, the global sagittal parameters and spinopelvic parameters exhibited ideal magnitudes of improvement; TK decreased from 86.1° ± 12.1° to 28.7° ± 2.5°, LL improved from 94.5° ± 4.1° to 46.1° ± 3.0°, and PI minus LL improved from −60.9° ± 6.5° to −13.7° ± 2.6°. Both the VAS and ODI scores significantly improved at the last follow‐up. CSF fistula and neural injury did not occur during the perioperative period. At the last follow‐up, fixation failure was not observed.ConclusionThe DCVO technique provides an alternative and effective method for the treatment of congenital severe angular spinal kyphotic deformities and may decrease the occurrence of perioperative complications.
Can Public Healthcare Afford Marketization? Market Principles, Mechanisms, and Effects in Five Health Systems
Authors: Krachler Nick , Greer Ian , Umney Charles 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Policymakers now have four decades’ experience using marketization to address cost and quality problems in public‐sector health services. While much is known about the challenges, it is difficult to draw lessons because there remains no agreed‐upon definition of marketization. This article contributes a definition that focuses on the transaction, particularly the effects of funding arrangements on the intensity of competition among providers. Based on prior literature and 106 interviews with practitioners and researchers in five countries, the authors contribute a systematization of 12 concrete market mechanisms enacting three market principles. Furthermore, the authors analyze respondents' perceptions of healthcare marketization's effects on costs and quality. While marketization is a multi‐faceted, sometimes ambiguous phenomenon requiring further research before definite conclusions can be reached, most statements from our respondents about cost and quality effects were negative.
Evidence for Practice

Examining health systems in five countries, we identify 12 different market mechanisms, i.e. concrete procedural changes that stimulate competition among service providers.
While these mechanisms sometimes enable improvements in cost and quality, our respondents identified many more examples of markets driving up costs and compromising quality.
A substantial number of respondents also stated that effects were unclear.
More research is needed to assess the effects of market mechanisms in healthcare, for which the article's conceptualization and findings can serve as a basis.
Regulatory Capture's Self‐Serving Application
Authors: Yackee Susan Webb 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Observers regularly assert that government regulations are captured—meaning the content of the regulation is diverted away from the public interest and toward the interests of regulated industry. I argue that the label of regulatory capture is often applied differently by policy losers than by policy winners. I hypothesize that when an entity is unsuccessful in achieving its goals during regulatory policy making, that entity is more likely to deem the process captured. With data from 41 FDA regulations and guidance documents, I find that—even when provided a common definition—those interest groups engaged in the same rulemaking vary as to whether or not they would categorize the process as captured. Moreover, this variation is negatively associated with whether the entity achieved its policy goals during the rulemaking. These findings imply that scholars ought to reassess capture's occurrence, as well as the political and policy implications attached to its invocation.
Evidence for Practice

The study provides evidence drawn from policy making at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that the label of regulatory capture is applied inconsistently by interest group participants in the agency rulemaking process.
The research demonstrates a partiality toward categorizing a rulemaking as captured when an interest group participant does not get its way. This finding implies that public agency officials—when they do not heed the advice of public commenters—may need to worry about capture accusations.
The study's results raise the provocative possibility that capture's designation may be employed strategically—or even opportunistically—by an interest group to delegitimize an agency regulation when the group does not agree with it.
Given that policy makers and practitioners from both sides of the political aisle routinely highlight the need to address regulatory capture, the evidence uncovered in this article strongly suggests that more attention from the field of public administration is needed to better understand how regulatory capture is actually used in practice.
Testicular development and spermatogenesis in fish: insights into molecular aspects and regulation of gene expression by different exogenous factors
Authors: Bhat Irfan A. , Dar Jaffer Y. , Ahmad Irshad , Mir Ishfaq N. , Bhat Hussna , Bhat Raja A.H. , Ganie Parvaiz A. , Sharma Rupam 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn fish, as in higher animals, the normal ontogenesis of the gonads is the basis for successful reproduction. Gonadal differentiation and development depend on the genetic cascade that programmes the events. Eventually, gonads become the sites for the maturation of gametes, which are originally derived from the primordial germ cells (PGCs) and form the cellular basis of reproduction. In fish hormones of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis regulate reproduction and fertility by promoting or inhibiting the production of gonadal sex steroids and their function. Gonadal sex steroids not only guide proper gonadal development and function but also play a key role in the activation and regulation of the HPG axis through two feedback control systems. In this review, we discuss the general outline and expression pattern of the major genes involved in testicular development and gonadal steroidogenesis in fish. The review attempts, for the first time, to collect and discuss recent information regarding the regulation of sex differentiation and steroidogenic genes during the stages of testicular development and in response to different external factors. Furthermore, clear insights into the important genes and their regulation involved in the HPG axis and spermatogenesis are presented briefly. This review can serve as a guide for fish breeders on the substances that have a positive impact on reproduction in males.
A survey of fish behaviour quantification indexes and methods in aquaculture
Authors: An Dong , Huang Jinze , Wei Yaoguang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn aquaculture, fish behaviour monitoring and analysis can provide the information required to guide daily feeding, schedule making and disease diagnosis. Technology such as machine vision, bio‐loggers and acoustic systems is essential to analyse fish behaviour. This paper focuses on tools and algorithms for fish behaviour quantification analysis. The goal is to present their basic concepts and principles, including the quantification analysis procedure and its potential application scenarios. This review shows that the most common behaviour quantification indexes can be categorised into three classes: swimming indexes, physical indexes and context indexes. Typically, swimming indexes are of the most interest to researchers. However, achieving comprehensiveness of the information and quantisation precision remain challenging in fish behaviour analysis. In brief, this paper aims to help researchers and practitioners better understand the current state‐of‐the‐art behavioural quantification analysis, which provides strong support for the implementation of intelligent breeding.
Influence of Neighborhood Characteristics and Weather on Movement Behaviors at Age 3 and 5 Years in a Longitudinal Birth Cohort
Authors: Ezeugwu Victor E. , Mandhane Piush J. , Hammam Nevin , Brook Jeffrey R. , Tamana Sukhpreet K. , Hunter Stephen , Chikuma Joyce , Lefebvre Diana L. , Azad Meghan B. , Moraes Theo J. , Subbarao Padmaja , Becker Allan B. , Turvey Stuart E. , Rosu Andrei , Sears Malcolm R. , Carson Valerie 
Published: April 2021

Background: Movement behaviors (physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep) established in early childhood track into adulthood and interact to influence health outcomes. This study examined the associations between neighborhood characteristics and weather with movement behaviors in preschoolers. Methods: A subset of Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development birth cohort (n = 385, 50.6% boys) with valid movement behaviors data were enrolled at age 3 years and followed through to age 5 years. Objective measures of neighborhood characteristics were derived by ArcGIS software, and weather variables were derived from the Government of Canada weather website. Random forest and linear mixed models were used to examine predictors of movement behaviors. Cross-sectional analyses were stratified by age and season (winter and nonwinter). Results: Neighborhood safety, temperature, green space, and roads were important neighborhood characteristics for movement behaviors in 3- and 5-year-olds. An increase in temperature was associated with greater light physical activity longitudinally from age 3 to 5 years and also in the winter at age 5 years in stratified analysis. A higher percentage of expressways was associated with less nonwinter moderate to vigorous physical activity at age 3 years. Conclusions: Future initiatives to promote healthy movement behaviors in the early years should consider age differences, neighborhood characteristics, and season.
Joint inversion of surface wave and gravity data reveals subbasin architecture of the Congo Basin
Authors: Raveloson A. , Nyblade A. , Durrheim R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe investigated the architecture of the greater Congo Basin, one of the largest and least-well-studied sedimentary basins on any continent. Seismograms from a large number of M &gt; 4.5 earthquakes within and surrounding the African plate were used to make event-to-station Rayleigh wave group velocity measurements between periods of 5 and 100 s. Group velocities for discrete periods across the basin, obtained by inverting the event-station measurements, were jointly modeled with gravity data to obtain a three-dimensional S-wave and density model of the basin. The model corroborates the existence of two previously suggested subbasins, one to the north and one to the south, each ~8 km deep and separated by an east-west structural high. Our results favor a salt tectonics origin for the structural high but cannot rule out uplifted basement rock. The northern subbasin is offset to the west from the southern subbasin, consistent with previous studies suggesting sinistral motion along basement faults during periods of transpressional tectonics in late Neoproterozoic-early Paleozoic times.