bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions in reducing smoking frequency in patients with nicotine dependence: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Tseng Ping‐Tao , Jeng Jia‐Shyun , Zeng Bing‐Syuan , Stubbs Brendon , Carvalho Andre F. , Brunoni Andre R. , Su Kuan‐Pin , Tu Yu‐Kang , Wu Yi‐Cheng , Chen Tien‐Yu , Lin Pao‐Yen , Liang Chih‐Sung , Hsu Chih‐Wei , Chen Yen‐Wen , Li Cheng‐Ta 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsNicotine is a highly addictive substance in tobacco products that dysregulates several neurotransmitters in the brain and impairs executive function. Non‐invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) methods such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are promising treatments for nicotine dependence. We investigated the efficacy and acceptability of NIBS in managing smoking cessation through a systematic review and network meta‐analysis (NMA).MethodsWe conducted a systematic review to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the efficacy of NIBS for smoking cessation. All pairwise meta‐analyses and NMA procedures were conducted using random‐effects and frequentist models. The co‐primary outcomes were (1) the change in number of cigarettes smoked per day (change in frequency of smoking) in patients with nicotine dependence after NIBS and (2) acceptability (the dropout rate). The effect sizes for co‐primary outcomes of change in frequency of smoking and acceptability were assessed according to standardized mean difference (SMD) and odds ratio, respectively.ResultsTwelve RCTs with 710 participants (mean age: 44.2 years, 31.2% female) were included. Compared with the sham control, 10‐Hz rTMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was associated with the largest changes in smoking frequency [SMD = −1.22, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = −1.77 to −0.66]. The 2‐mA bifrontal tDCS (SMD = −0.97, 95% CI = −1.32 to −0.62) and 10‐Hz deep rTMS over the bilateral DLPFC with cue provocation (SMD = −0.77, 95% CI = −1.20 to −0.34) were associated with a significantly larger decrease in smoking frequency versus the sham. None of the investigated NIBSs was associated with dropout rates significantly different from those of the sham control groups.ConclusionPrefrontal non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions appear to reduce the number of cigarettes smoked with good acceptability.
Variation in inpatient allied health service provision in Australian and New Zealand hospitals
Authors: Jepson Megan , Sarkies Mitchell , Haines Terry ,   Evidence Translation in Allied Health (EviTAH Group)
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the variability of allied health services on weekends, relative to weekdays, throughout Australian and New Zealand hospitals.MethodsA prospective, cross‐sectional observational study embedded within a cluster randomised control trial. Allied health managers provided administrative data relating to allied health service events.ResultsIn one month, there were a total of 243 549 allied health service events recorded from 91 sampled hospitals. The mean difference between weekday and weekend allied health service events (daily, per ward) for physiotherapy was 6.52 (95% CI 5.65 to 7.40), acute wards 12.03 (95% CI 10.25 to 13.82) and for metropolitan hospitals 14.47 (95% CI 12.22 to 16.73), revealing more allied health service events of longer duration on weekdays compared to weekends.ConclusionsThis research is the first of its kind to describe variation in allied health service provision and potential research to practice gaps across weekday and weekend days in various inpatient settings.
Introducing an orthopaedic trauma list to a regional hospital: Improved efficiencies and patient outcomes
Authors: Thompson Andrew L. , Seghol Haider , Davis Kimberley J. , Steele Mitchell 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProblemThe lack of dedicated theatre time for orthopaedic surgeries at a small rural hospital meant that operations were regularly performed after hours as well as on weekends.DesignRetrospective observational audit.SettingData were collected for 317 patients admitted for trauma surgery between August 2019 and March 2020 at Shoalhaven District Memorial Hospital, which has an orthopaedic service and acts as a referral hospital for a 4561‐km2 catchment on the South Coast of New South Wales.Key measures for improvementDecreased time to surgery, length of stay and proportion of after‐hours operating.Strategies for change

To quantify patient outcomes demonstrating effectiveness of the trauma list in theatre operations at the hospital, providing evidence for adequate provision of care at the rural location

A reduction in out‐of‐hours operations results in a significant financial saving to the hospital, as well as increased safety to patients.

Effects of changeSignificantly more operations were performed before 16:00 hours as well as on a weekday. Trauma list patients have a shorter length of stay (4.82 vs 7.8 days). Patients prior to the trauma list waited on average 89 hours for surgery, whereas patients on the trauma list waited only 43 hours.Lessons LearntA dedicated, twice‐weekly orthopaedic trauma list is able to significantly reduce after hours and weekend surgeries. Patients placed on the trauma list had a significantly shorter length of stay and time to surgery. We therefore recommend the usage of dedicated trauma lists at small, regional sites not just to achieve cost savings but also to improve the patient journey and keep patients closer and returning to the home sooner.
Cohort study examining the relationship between remoteness and requirement for surgery to treat peripheral artery disease at a tertiary hospital in North Queensland
Authors: Golledge Jonathan , Drovandi Aaron , Velu Ramesh , Moxon Joseph 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether outcomes of peripheral artery disease (PAD) were related to remoteness from the treating tertiary vascular centre.Setting and ParticipantsParticipants with a variety of types of occlusive and aneurysmal diseases were recruited from a tertiary hospital in North Queensland, Australia. Remoteness was assessed by residence outside Townsville and estimated distance to the vascular centre. Cox proportional hazard analyses were used to examine the association of remoteness with outcome.DesignCohort study.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was requirement for surgery to treat PAD. Secondary outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and all‐cause mortality.ResultsOf 2487 patients recruited, 1274 (51.2%) had at least one PAD surgery, 720 (29.0%) at least one MACE, and 909 (36.6%) died during a median of 4.2 (inter‐quartile range 1.3‐7.7) years. Compared to Townsville residents (n = 1287), those resident outside Townsville (n = 1200) had higher rates of PAD surgery (hazard ratio, HR 1.55, 95% confidence intervals, CI, 1.39, 1.73) but no increased risk of MACE (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.86, 1.16) or death (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.90, 1.17). This association was attenuated when adjusting for distance from the vascular centre (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.14, 1.51). Patients in the highest quartile of distance presented with lower ankle‐brachial pressure index, more severe carotid artery disease and larger aortic diameter.ConclusionsPeople with PAD in North Queensland residing furthest from the tertiary hospital presented with more severe artery disease and had greater rates of PAD surgery.
High maternal blood lipid levels during early pregnancy are associated with increased risk of congenital heart disease in offspring
Authors: Cao Li , Du Yan , Zhang Mo , Wang Feng , Zhao Jian‐Yuan , Ren Yun‐Yun , Gui Yong‐Hao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to investigate whether maternal blood lipid levels during early pregnancy are associated with the occurrence of congenital heart disease (CHD) in their offspring.Material and methodsIn this single‐center case–control study, mothers of offspring with CHD (n = 230) and without CHD (n = 381) were included. Maternal lipid levels were determined on fasting blood samples taken in the first trimester. Relevant demographic and clinical data were extracted from the medical records. Maternal lipid profile was compared between the two groups, and regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between lipid profile and CHD risk in offspring.ResultsCompared with the control group, levels of triglyceride, apolipoprotein‐A1, and apolipoprotein‐B in early pregnancy were significantly higher in the CHD group. Multivariate analyses showed that triglyceride (odds ratio [OR] 2.46, 95% CI 1.62–3.73, p < 0.01), total/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.07–4.13, p = 0.03), and apolipoprotein‐A1 (OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.16–6.40, p = 0.02) were positively associated with CHD risk in offspring.ConclusionsElevated maternal lipid profile was associated with increased risk of CHD in offspring.
Single versus repeated human trampling events: Responses of ground vegetation in suburban beech forests
Authors: Rusterholz Hans‐Peter , Weisskopf‐Kissling Marion , Baur Bruno 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimForests provide important ecosystem services and are often the only natural areas that are freely accessible to the public for outdoor recreation. Large numbers of forest visitors can cause severe damage to forest ecosystems, which in turn can affect the ecosystem functioning. We aimed to assess whether experimental short‐term and long‐term trampling affect the ground vegetation in deciduous forests and its recovery to a different extent.LocationBeech forests in northwestern Switzerland.MethodsWe used a standard experimental trampling procedure to simulate single and repeated human trampling events of different intensity. Experimental trampling of different intensity was conducted on a single day (single trampling) or on five days at intervals of four weeks (repeated trampling) in three suburban beech forests on different soil types. We recorded the cover, height, species density and species composition of the ground vegetation in the trampling lanes. We also assessed the recovery of the ground vegetation one and two years after trampling.ResultsTrampling intensity and the type of trampling (single vs repeated) affected the ground vegetation in the three forests. Vegetation cover, plant height and species density all decreased with increasing trampling intensity, but to a different extent in the three forests. Most vegetation characteristics were more severely affected by repeated trampling than single trampling of equal intensity. A longer trampling period strengthened the effects of trampling on ground vegetation, except in one forest. Two years after experimental trampling, most vegetation characteristics still differed from those of undisturbed ground vegetation.ConclusionOur study revealed that both trampling intensity and the temporal distribution of trampling influenced the ground vegetation in temperate forests. We provide evidence that the temporal distribution of human trampling events is an important factor, which has to be considered in management decisions for natural beech forests.
The effect of extended c, E and K matching in females under 45 years of age on the incidence of transfusion‐induced red blood cell alloimmunisation
Authors: Oud Josine A. , Evers Dorothea , de Haas Masja , de Vooght Karen M. K. , van de Kerkhof Daan , Som Nel , Péquériaux Nathalie C. V. , Hudig Francisca , Albersen Arjan , van der Bom Johanna G. , Zwaginga Jaap Jan 
Published: August 2021

SummaryMaternal alloantibodies directed against fetal red blood cell (RBC) antigens may cause potentially life‐threatening haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). Dutch transfusion guidelines therefore prescribe preventive cEK matching for all (pre‐)fertile females. To quantify the impact of cEK matching, we compared overall and antigen‐specific cumulative RBC alloimmunisation incidences in females and males aged <45 years. Among a multicentre cohort comprised of patients who received their first and subsequent RBC unit between 2005 and 2019, first‐formed RBC alloantibodies were detected in 47 of 2998 (1·6%) females and 49 of 2507 (2·0%) males. Comparing females and males, overall alloimmunisation incidences were comparable (3·1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 2·1–4·4] versus 3·5% (95% CI 2·4–4·9, P = 0·853) after 10 units transfused). However, cEK alloimmunisation incidences were significantly lower among females (0·6% (95% CI 0·3–1.5) versus 2·2% (95% CI 1·5–3·4, P = 0·001) after 10 units transfused). Yet, despite cEK‐matching guidelines being in effect, 6·5%, 3·6% and 0·2% of all RBC units remained mismatched for c, E or K antigens respectively. Most of these mismatches were almost always due to emergency settings. Even though cEK alloimmunisation was not prevented completely, implementation of cEK matching resulted in an alloantigen‐exposure risk reduction of up to 98%.
Augmenting learning processes of absorptive capacity for innovation: Insights for effective leadership within global pharmaceutical companies
Authors: Rezaei Zadeh Mohammad , Hackney Ray , Zeng Jing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAbsorptive capacity (AC), which comprises exploratory, transformative, and exploitative learning processes, enables organizations to exploit external knowledge for adopting innovation. Despite extensive research into AC, leadership styles have received little attention. This paper discusses the results of a study undertaken in three pharmaceutical organizations that augments AC theory relating to top‐ and middle‐level management behaviour. The findings suggest that the influence of transformational and transactional leadership styles varies between the AC learning processes within and across organizations. We also explored CEOs' knowledge, trust in middle management, and intention towards sharing knowledge, which facilitate the learning processes. The research has implications for the enhancement of opportunities to enable successful innovations based on the recognition of leadership styles and managers' roles. We report several novel contributions that are of value to academics and practitioners.
Asymmetry across international borders: Research, fishery and management trends and economic value of the giant sea bass (Stereolepis gigas)
Authors: Ramírez‐Valdez Arturo , Rowell Timothy J. , Dale Katherine E. , Craig Matthew T. , Allen Larry G. , Villaseñor‐Derbez Juan Carlos , Cisneros‐Montemayor Andrés M. , Hernández‐Velasco Arturo , Torre Jorge , Hofmeister Jennifer , Erisman Brad E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCo‐operation in the management of shared fish stocks is often necessary to achieve sustainability and reduce uncertainty. The United States of America (USA) and Mexico share a number of fish stocks and marine ecosystems, while there is some binational co‐operation in scientific research, unilateral management decisions are generally the rule. We present a case study using the giant sea bass (Stereolepis gigas, Polyprionidae) to highlight how these management and research asymmetries can skew national perceptions of population status for a fully transboundary species. Scientific publications and annual funding related to giant sea bass are 7x and 25x higher in the USA, respectively, despite the fact that 73% of the species’ range occurs in Mexico. Conversely, annual fishery production and consumptive value of giant sea bass in Mexico are 19x and 3.5x higher than in the USA, respectively, while the non‐consumptive value related to dive ecotourism is 76x higher in the USA. These asymmetries have generated a distorted view of the population status of the giant sea bass across its entire range. This and other factors related to historical fishery dynamics and policy must be accounted for when assessing population status, and subsequent appropriate management responses, across geopolitical boundaries.
Auricular pseudocysts: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Ballan Anthony , Zogheib Serge , Hanna Cyril , Daou Bechara , Nasr Marwan , Jabbour Samer 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAuricular pseudocysts are benign fluid accumulations of the ear of uncertain etiology. Little is known about the optimal modality to successfully treat these lesions. No systematic review addressing auricular pseudocysts have been published to date.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to summarize all the published data regarding diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of auricular pseudocysts.MethodsOn May 28, 2020, a systematic search of Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases was conducted. All the studies describing treatment of auricular pseudocysts, procedure description, outcome, and follow‐up period were included in this review.ResultsAfter full‐text article review, 74 articles were included, representing a total of 1,011 lesions. The commonly used treatments for auricular pseudocysts were deroofing (493 lesions), aspiration (284 lesions), incision and drainage (171 lesions), intralesional steroids (53 lesions), and observation (10 lesions). The highest cure rate was found with the deroofing procedure (97.2%) followed by incision and drainage (95.9%). The mean follow‐up period was 6.7 months.ConclusionSurgical procedures (anterior deroofing or incision and drainage) showed the highest cure rates and should be considered as first‐line treatment for auricular pseudocysts. Future adequately designed randomized controlled trials are warranted to compare the efficacy of the techniques described.
E‐Health and remote management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease: lessons from Denmark in a time of need
Authors: Ankersen Dorit V. , Noack Savannah , Munkholm Pia , Sparrow Miles P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn Denmark, remote monitoring and management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) started two decades ago with the web application Constant Care. The disease monitoring in Constant Care consists of simple disease activity questionnaires and home measurement of faecal calprotectin, a stool biomarker for inflammation. It has now been implemented in clinical practice at North Zealand University Hospital in Denmark. Digital health care solutions facilitate remote contact between patients and healthcare providers and have been shown to reduce time to remission, outpatient visits and hospital admissions, and increase adherence to medical therapy, quality of life and disease and treatment knowledge. In Australia, E‐Health is an area of increasing interest, particularly given the significant distances travelled by rural patients to access specialist care. There are several foreseeable benefits to incorporating E‐Health/remote monitoring into Australian IBD management, including reduced burdens of time and cost on rural patients, and more efficient management of well outpatients, thereby increasing clinic availability for acutely unwell patients. The significant portion of IBD patients managed in private practice in Australia, and the infrastructure within private practice that is well suited to implementation of E‐Health makes Australia a viable setting for an E‐Health IBD management model like Denmark's Constant Care model. One pilot study is currently underway investigating the feasibility of rapid and remote IBD monitoring and E‐Health in an Australian IBD population. The current COVID‐19 pandemic has further illustrated the importance of telehealth as a means of maintaining health services to patients in geographic, or social, isolation.
Parental opioid use disorder: Examining their children's experiences, needs, and road to resilience
Authors: Palumbo Ruthanne , Mechling Brandy M. , Ahern Nancy R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProblemOver 8 million children in the United States live with a parent with substance use disorder (SUD), inclusive of opioid use disorder (OUD). This is an adverse childhood experience (ACE), that often leads to poor outcomes such as developing SUD or mental illness. Interventions and research have focused more on the parent and not their children. Without emphasis on child's experiences, their needs, and building interventions toward developing resilience, the intergenerational cycle of SUD/OUD will persist.MethodsNine children (ages 12–17) in custody of Social Services, who experienced a parent with OUD, participated in this pilot study. The intervention was SAMHSA's Children's Program Kit: Supportive Education for Children of Addicted Parents. Thematic analysis of verbal responses/behaviors, observations, field notes, and any retained materials (i.e., handouts) was conducted over eight sessions.FindingsFindings included three themes regarding participant's experiences: Meaning of a Parent; Others Involved; and Witnessing the Cycle. Two sub‐themes also emerged: Ways to Cope and Support from Various Sources.ConclusionsResults support mental health nurses as forerunners in building, implementing, and evaluating child‐focused interventions for children of parents with OUD. Interventions should focus on the needs of the children and use a strength‐based approach to promote their resilience.
Geographic contact drives increased reproductive isolation in two cryptic Empidonax flycatchers
Authors: Bemmels Jordan B. , Bramwell Ashley C. , Anderson Sean A. S. , Luzuriaga‐Aveiga Vanessa E. , Mikkelsen Else K. , Weir Jason T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGeographic contact between sister lineages often occurs near the final stages of speciation, but its role in speciation's completion remains debated. Reproductive isolation may be essentially complete prior to secondary contact. Alternatively, costly interactions between partially reproductively isolated species – such as maladaptive hybridization or competition for resources – may select for divergence, increasing reproductive isolation and driving speciation toward completion. Here, we use coalescent demographic modelling and whole‐genome data sets to show that a period of contact and elevated hybridization between sympatric eastern North American populations of two cryptic bird species preceded a major increase in reproductive isolation between these populations within the last 10,000 years. In contrast, substantial introgression continues to the present in a western contact zone where geographic overlap is much narrower and probably of more recent origin. In the sympatric eastern region where reproductive isolation has increased, it is not accompanied by character displacement in key morphometric traits, plumage coloration, or ecological traits. While the precise trait and underlying mechanism driving increased reproductive isolation remains unknown, we discuss several possibilities and outline avenues for future research. Overall, our results highlight how demographic models can reveal the geographic context in which reproductive isolation was completed, and demonstrate how contact can accelerate the final stages of speciation.