bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bio‐Dem, a tool to explore the relationship between biodiversity data availability and socio‐political conditions in time and space
Authors: Zizka Alexander , Rydén Oskar , Edler Daniel , Klein Johannes , Perrigo Allison , Silvestro Daniele , Jagers Sverker C. , Lindberg Staffan I. , Antonelli Alexandre 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimGeo‐referenced species occurrence records are a prime example of biodiversity data and a cornerstone of biodiversity research. Yet, their availability depends on non‐biological factors, including the political framework in the region of collection. Here we present Bio‐Dem (www.bio‐dem.surge.sh), an open‐source software to explore the relationship between the availability of species occurrence records and the political framework in countries worldwide and through time.LocationGlobal.TaxonAny.MethodsBio‐Dem accesses the number of occurrence records available from countries worldwide from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (www.gbif.org) and socio‐political information from these countries from the Varieties of Democracy database (www.v‐dem.net) as well as information on colonial history from the Issue Correlates of War Project.ResultsBio‐Dem is available as a free graphical user interface web application at www.bio‐dem.surge.sh. Through three interactive graphs, Bio‐Dem enables users to explore the relationship between species occurrence records and countries’ regime type, freedom of movement, freedom of association, gross domestic product, education length, political corruption, armed conflict and colonial history. We describe possible links of these specific political indicators with the collection and mobilization of biodiversity data. Illustrative examples and video tutorials explaining the use of Bio‐Dem are available at www.bio‐dem.surge.sh.Main conclusionsBio‐Dem provides a user‐friendly way to explore the link between socio‐political variables and the availability of species occurrence records in user‐selected taxa and geographic regions, and to generate hypotheses on their connection. We envision Bio‐Dem as a useful tool for teachers communicating the caveats of available biodiversity data, for biodiversity scientists exploring potential spatial and temporal bias in their data, and for social scientists exploring the impact of political systems on scientific data collection and biodiversity conservation.
Rederivation of a mutant line (prop 1) of zebrafish Danio rerio infected with Pseudoloma neurophilia using in vitro fertilization with eggs from pathogen‐free wild‐type (AB) females and sperm from prop 1 males
Authors: Ventura Fernandes Bianca H. , Caetano da Silva Caroline , Bissegato Debora , Kent Michael L. , Carvalho Luciani R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlong with the growing number of laboratories that work with zebrafish (Danio rerio), it is necessary to have animals with good sanitary quality. Specific pathogens can interfere with the experimental results and in the life quality of the animals. Pseudoloma neurophilia is a parasite with high potential for interference in behavioural, morphology, toxicological and genetic research, and is very common in zebrafish facilities. With that, we implemented a protocol for the pathogen elimination in a genetically modified lineage (prop 1) using eggs from specific pathogen‐free (SPF) wild‐type fish (AB line) for in vitro fertilization, along with water recirculation equipment disinfection, appropriate PCR screening and back crossing protocols. This resulted in SPF prop 1 heterozygotes, which allowed us to move forward with subsequent crossings to develop homozygote prop 1 mutants for our research. Hence, this demonstrates a useful strategy for an individual research laboratory to rederive a specific mutant free line that is not available from other SPF laboratories.
Metschnikowia bicuspidata isolated from milky diseased Eriocheir sinensis: Phenotypic and genetic characterization, antifungal susceptibility and challenge models
Authors: Ma Hongli , Lu Xiaocen , Liu Jiannan , Guo Sicong , Zhao Xiaoran , Ye Shigen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA severe disease occurred in farmed Eriocheir sinensis characterized by milky liquid accumulation in the pectoral cavity, in the province of Liaoning, China, during October 2018–April 2019. Diseased crabs moved sluggishly, exhibited appetite loss and readily lost legs. Under the microscopic analysis, it was observed that the milky liquid contained a large number of yeastlike microorganisms (0.8–1.2 μm × 1.5–1.9 μm), which were also present in the muscle, hepatopancreas and gills. A dominant strain was isolated from the milky liquid and other tissues of diseased crabs. It grew on nutrient agar and formed 1‐ to 3‐mm white opaque colonies, each with a protuberance in the centre. Besides, the results of TEM and SEM also demonstrate a typical multilateral budding model of the yeast clearly. We identified the strain, which we named 2EJM001, as Metschnikowia bicuspidata based on 18S rDNA, ITS and 26S rDNA sequence analyses and on its morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 26S rDNA of 2EJM001 was clustered with M. bicuspidata (LNES0119) as reported by Bao et al. In addition, unlike Bao et al., two challenge experiments (injection and immersion) were used in this study. The results of challenge experiments show that 2EJM001 was pathogenic to E. sinensis and caused signs similar to those found in the naturally infected crabs. At the same time, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC80 and MIC90) were determined. This study further confirms that M. bicuspidata 2EJM001 was the pathogen responsible for ‘milky disease’ in E. sinensis from Liaoning Province.
The interplay between children, their parents and anaesthesia staff during the child's anaesthesia – An observational study
Authors: Andersson Lisbet , Almerud Österberg Sofia , Johansson Pauline , Knutsson Susanne 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo interpret and understand the interplay between children, their parents, and anaesthetic staff to gain a greater understanding of children being anaesthetised.BackgroundAnaesthesia induction is a stressful procedure for the child and parents in the technologically advanced environment in the operating room (OR). Anaesthesia staff are a key resource for ensuring safety and interplays, but the meeting is often short, intensive, and can affect the child and the parent.DesignA qualitative observational design with a hermeneutic approach.MethodsTwenty‐seven non‐participant observations were conducted and videotaped when children were being anaesthetised. The SRQR checklist was used.ResultsThe result is presented as a theatre play with three headings; the scene, the actors, and the plot. The scene was not designed for the child or the parent's comfort and could lead to anxiety and insecurity. Four themes described the interplays: The need to be inviting and to be invited, The need for varying compliance, The need for mutual dependence, and The need to give and to receive emotional support. The plot could lead to uncertainty, and the interplay could change between being caring and uncaring depending on the actors.ConclusionsThe technologically advanced environment in the OR constituted an emotional obstacle, but the anaesthesia staff themselves can be a powerful resource creating a caring environment. The outcome of the plot may depend on the anaesthesia staff's bearing.Relevance to clinical practiceA caring approach in the OR requires a willingness from the anaesthesia staff to invite the child to participate and find a balance between helping the parents to find their place in the OR and support them in supporting their child. The findings can start reflections in the unit on how to create a more caring environment.
Clinical analysis of uterine intravenous leiomyomatosis: A retrospective study of 260 cases
Authors: Peng Jing , Zhong Fangfang , Zhu Yuemeng , Zhang Mingxing , Zhang Meng , Lu Chong , Wang Yumeng , Qi Xingling , Wang Congwen , Li Guiling 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMethodsWe collected the clinical data of 260 patients admitted to the hospital from April 2003 to September 2019 with pathologically confirmed intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL) and followed up with these patients regularly. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out on the relevant recurrence factors.ResultsA total of 166 patients were regularly followed up, the median follow‐up time was 36 (range 2–168) months, 14 (5.4%) patients eventually relapsed, and the median recurrence time was 8.5 (range 2–42) months. The univariate analysis showed that age (p = 0.003) and surgical type (p < 0.001) were associated with recurrence, and multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that surgical type was the only factor associated with recurrence (p < 0.001, OR 20.01).ConclusionsThe use of gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) cannot reduce the postsurgical recurrence rate of patients with UIVL. Compared to total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy (TH‐BSO), total hysterectomy (TH) does not increase the odds of recurrence, but the chance of recurrence with tumorectomy (TE) is 20 times higher than that of TH‐BSO.
Thrombus formation and ischemic necrosis of the uterus and adnexa due to purpura fulminans: A case report
Authors: Maebayashi Aki , Hayashi Nobuki , Kamata Saki , Sugita Atsunori , Tang Xiaoyan , Kawana Kei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurpura fulminans (PF) is a syndrome characterized by the sudden onset of progressive skin hemorrhage, necrosis of the extremities, and thrombotic occlusion. Although the cause is believed to be protein C deficiency, many aspects of this syndrome have yet to be clarified. A 45‐year‐old Japanese woman, G2P2 (vaginal delivery), developed fever and lower abdominal pain. It was her 5th day of menstruation, and a tampon had been in the vagina for a few days. Septic shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation were diagnosed, and multidisciplinary treatment was started. Also, toxic shock syndrome due to tampon use was suspected. The purpura on the limbs turned into blisters and then blackish‐purple spots, leading to hemorrhagic necrosis within a few days. Moreover, imaging showed that the uterus and both adnexa had enlarged significantly, and raised suspicion of abscess formation. Total hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy were performed, and the histopathological diagnosis was hemorrhagic necrosis due to extensive thrombus formation. In men, PF affects the scrotum and penis, leading to autoamputation of the male genitalia, while there are no reports of PF involving the female genitalia. Regarding the PF, in this case, we considered the possibility of pathologic conditions progressing to the female genitalia.
Matching soulmates
Authors: Leo Greg , Lou Jian , Van der Linden Martin , Vorobeychik Yevgeniy , Wooders Myrna 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe study iterated matching of soulmates (IMS), a recursive process of forming coalitions that are mutually preferred by members to any other coalition containing individuals as yet unmatched by this process. If all players can be matched this way, preferences are IMS‐complete. A mechanism is a soulmate mechanism if it allows the formation of all soulmate coalitions. Our model follows Banerjee, Konishi, and Sönmez, except reported preferences are strategic variables. We investigate the incentive and stability properties of soulmate mechanisms. In contrast to prior literature, we do not impose conditions that ensure IMS‐completeness. A fundamental result is that, (1) any group of players who could change their reported preferences and mutually benefit does not contain any players who were matched as soulmates and reported their preferences truthfully. As corollaries, (2) for any IMS‐complete profile, soulmate mechanisms have a truthful strong Nash equilibrium, and (3) as long as all players matched as soulmates report their preferences truthfully, there is no incentive for any to deviate. Moreover, (4) soulmate coalitions are invariant core coalitions—that is, any soulmate coalition will be a coalition in every outcome in the core. To accompany our theoretical results, we present real‐world data analysis and simulations that highlight the prevalence of situations in which many, but not all, players can be matched as soulmates. In the Appendix we relate IMS to other well‐known coalition formation processes.
Automated inspection and monitoring of member deformation in grid structures
Authors: Wei Xiao‐Chen , Fan Jian‐Sheng , Liu Yu‐Fei , Zhang Jin‐Xun , Liu Xiao‐Gang , Kong Si‐Yu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn large‐span grid structures with thousands of members involved, bending deformation of members is one of the most commonly observed damages affecting the normal service, even the safety of structures. Traditional testing and monitoring methods show weakness in the accurate judgment of crooked members and precision of deformation measurements. In this paper, a new deformation inspection and monitoring method of grid structures using image‐based 3D reconstruction is proposed, wherein a new method is put forward to automatically recognize and extract the shape deformation of the structural member for the first time. First, the key area with multiple members is modeled as a three‐dimensional mesh model using image‐based 3D reconstruction. Then, a new automated recognition and extraction algorithm of shape deformation (AREAS) is carried out, and crooked members, together with their deformed shapes, are extracted from the mesh model through AREAS. In this study, a load experiment of a quadrangular pyramid grid structure containing artificial crooked members and speckled members is designed to compare the deformation measurements using image‐based 3D reconstruction with those using laser scanning. The comparison of deformation and deformation increment shows an average error within 1 mm for image‐based 3D reconstruction, which validates the proposed method in on‐site inspection and monitoring.
Drought affects carbon partitioning into volatile organic compound biosynthesis in Scots pine needles
Authors: Kreuzwieser Jürgen , Meischner Mirjam , Grün Michel , Yáñez‐Serrano Ana Maria , Fasbender Lukas , Werner Christiane 
Published: September 2021

Summary

The effect of drought on the interplay of processes controlling carbon partitioning into plant primary and secondary metabolisms, such as respiratory CO2 release and volatile organic compound (VOC) biosynthesis, is not fully understood.

To elucidate the effect of drought on the fate of cellular C sources into VOCs vs CO2, we conducted tracer experiments with 13CO2 and position‐specific 13C‐labelled pyruvate, a key metabolite between primary and secondary metabolisms, in Scots pine seedlings. We determined the stable carbon isotope composition of leaf exchanged CO2 and VOC.

Drought reduced the emission of the sesquiterpenes α‐farnesene and β‐farnesene but did not affect 13C‐incorporation from 13C‐pyruvate. The labelling patterns suggest that farnesene biosynthesis partially depends on isopentenyl diphosphate crosstalk between chloroplasts and cytosol, and that drought inhibits this process. Contrary to sesquiterpenes, drought did not affect emission of isoprene, monoterpenes and some oxygenated compounds. During the day, pyruvate was used in the TCA cycle to a minor degree but was mainly consumed in pathways of secondary metabolism. Drought partly inhibited such pathways, while allocation into the TCA cycle increased.

Drought caused a re‐direction of pyruvate consuming pathways, which contributed to maintenance of isoprene and monoterpene production despite strongly inhibited photosynthesis. This underlines the importance of these volatiles for stress tolerance.
Interspecific differences in maternal support in herbaceous plants: CNP contents in seeds varies to match expected nutrient limitation of seedlings
Authors: Mašková Tereza , Herben Tomáš 
Published: September 2021

Maternal care is one of the key fitness parameters in all organisms. In plants, maternal care takes the form of seeds production. Although seed mass is the most studied proxy for this maternal provision due to its correlation with the overall amount of nutrients, this proxy does not take into account seed nutrient contents and the proportions of light‐dependent resources (C) and soil‐dependent resources (N and P), which can strongly affect seedling establishment and survival. We tested the hypothesis that seed nutrient contents is fine‐tuned to the expected conditions of seed germination, namely, that seeds of plants from light‐limited conditions will have proportionally more carbon than those of plants that are not light‐limited and vice versa.We used a phylogenetically informed comparative approach with 510 central European herbaceous species to examine relationships between proportions of N, P and nonstructural C, and the environment in which their seedlings typically germinate.We showed that, in spite of the strong phylogenetic signal in nutrient contents, proportions of N and nonstructural C vary according to our hypothesis, i.e. seeds are primarily provided with nutrients expected to be limiting in a given environment. Namely, the proportion of nonstructural C in seeds was higher in species from nutrient‐rich habitats. This enables seedlings to develop independent resource‐acquiring organs quickly. We demonstrated that seed nutrient contents depends on seed mass; namely, the proportion of P out of the total seed mass was higher in small seeds, and the proportion of unusable structural C was higher in large seeds.Our results suggest that seed nutrient content is under selection driven by both seed mass and the environment in which seedlings are likely to germinate. It means that seed nutrient content is a seed trait of clear ecological relevance and hence deserves much closer attention.
Genome‐ and transcriptome‐wide association studies reveal the genetic basis and the breeding history of seed glucosinolate content in Brassica napus
Authors: Tan Zengdong , Xie Zhaoqi , Dai Lihong , Zhang Yuting , Zhao Hu , Tang Shan , Wan Lili , Yao Xuan , Guo Liang , Hong Dengfeng 
Published: September 2021

SummaryA high content of seed glucosinolates and their degradation products imposes anti‐nutritional effects on livestock; therefore, persistent efforts are made to reduce the seed GSL content to increase the commercial value of rapeseed meal. Here, we dissected the genetic structure of SGC by genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) combined with transcriptome‐wide association studies (TWAS). Fifteen reliable quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified to be associated with the reduced SGC in modern B. napus cultivars by GWAS. Analysis of the selection strength and haplotypes at these QTLs revealed that low SGC was predominantly generated by the co‐selection of qGSL.A02.2, qGSL.C02.1, qGSL.A09.2, and qGSL.C09.1. Integration of the results from TWAS, comprehensive bioinformatics, and POCKET algorithm analyses indicated that BnaC02.GTR2 (BnaC02g42260D) is a candidate gene underlying qGSL.C02.1. Using CRISPR/Cas9‐derived Bna.gtr2s knockout mutants, we experimentally verified that both BnaC02.GTR2 and its three paralogs positively regulate seed GSL accumulation but negatively regulated vegetative tissue GSL contents. In addition, we observed smaller seeds with higher seed oil content in these Bna.gtr2 mutants. Furthermore, both RNA‐seq and correlation analyses suggested that Bna.GTR2s might play a comprehensive role in seed development, such as amino acid accumulation, GSL synthesis, sugar assimilation, and oil accumulation. This study unravels the breeding selection history of low‐SGC improvement and provides new insights into the molecular function of Bna.GTR2s in both seed GSL accumulation and seed development in B. napus.
Effects of a mindfulness‐based intervention on mindfulness, stress, salivary alpha‐amylase and cortisol in everyday life
Authors: Aguilar‐Raab Corina , Stoffel Martin , Hernández Cristóbal , Rahn Stefanie , Moessner Markus , Steinhilber Barbara , Ditzen Beate 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA large body of literature has shown the effectiveness of mindfulness‐based interventions (MBI) on stress‐reduction. However, little is known about their effects on psychobiological stress‐markers in daily life through an ecological momentary assessment approach. Our study examines the effects of MBI on state mindfulness, perceived stress, and indicators of sympathetic‐nervous‐system (saliva alpha‐amylase, sAA) and hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal‐axis (saliva cortisol, sCort) activation in daily life. Twenty‐eight individuals participated in a three‐month MBI (IG) and were compared to 46 controls (CG). An ecological momentary assessment (EMA) was used to assess mindfulness, stress, sAA and sCort at six measurements per day on two days each before and after the MBI. Multilevel‐modeling was used to analyze the data on a moment‐to‐moment and averaged day‐level. The IG showed decreased sAA levels (AUCg) from pre to post, while the CG showed increases. Furthermore, diurnal decreases in sCort (AUCi) were pronounced in the IG compared to the CG. On a momentary basis, mindfulness was associated with lower stress and sAA levels, but not sCort. As such, we show that MBI can reduce sympathetic and to a lesser extent hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal activation in daily life. Increased mindfulness can momentarily decrease stress and stress‐related autonomic activation with implications for health. Our results emphasize the importance of brief interventions that can be easily integrated into everyday life.
Testing for Calibration Discrepancy of Reported Likelihood Ratios in Forensic Science
Authors: Hannig Jan , Iyer Hari 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe use of likelihood ratios for quantifying the strength of forensic evidence in criminal cases is gaining widespread acceptance in many forensic disciplines. Although some forensic scientists feel that subjective likelihood ratios are a reasonable way of expressing expert opinion regarding strength of evidence in criminal trials, legal requirements of reliability of expert evidence in the United Kingdom, United States and some other countries have encouraged researchers to develop likelihood ratio systems based on statistical modelling using relevant empirical data. Many such systems exhibit exceptional power to discriminate between the scenario presented by the prosecution and an alternate scenario implying the innocence of the defendant. However, such systems are not necessarily well calibrated. Consequently, verbal explanations to triers of fact, by forensic experts, of the meaning of the offered likelihood ratio may be misleading. In this article, we put forth a statistical approach for testing the calibration discrepancy of likelihood ratio systems using ground truth known empirical data. We provide point estimates as well as confidence intervals for the calibration discrepancy. Several examples, previously discussed in the literature, are used to illustrate our method. Results from a limited simulation study concerning the performance of the proposed approach are also provided.