bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Feynman rules for the SMEFT in the background field gauge
Authors: Corbett Tyler 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We present a package for FeynRules which derives the Feynman rules for the Standard Model Effective Field Theory up to dimension-six using the background field method for gauge fixing. The package includes operators which shift the kinetic and mass terms of the Lagrangian up to dimension-eight and including dimension-six squared effects consistently. To the best of the author’s knowledge this is the first publicly available package to include dimension-six squared effects consistently. The package is validated in a partner publication by analyzing the Ward Identities at dimension-six and one-loop order. We also extend the partner work in this article by including the dimension-six squared effects further demonstrating the consistency of their implementation. In doing so we find that failure to consistently include field shifts to dimension-six squared causes a breakdown in the Ward identities implying concerns about many calculations in the literature which do not properly incorporate these effects.The FeynRules files, as well as Mathematica notebooks performing the relevant calculations, can be downloaded from the FeynRules website and are included as supplementary material to this publication.
Improvement of Medicago sativa Crops Productivity by the Co-inoculation of Sinorhizobium meliloti–Actinobacteria Under Salt Stress
Authors: Saidi Samira , Cherif-Silini Hafsa , Chenari Bouket Ali , Silini Allaoua , Eshelli Manal , Luptakova Lenka , Alenezi Faizah N. , Belbahri Lassaad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBiotic and abiotic stresses are severely limiting plant production and productivity. Of notable importance is salt stress that not only limits plant growth and survival, but affects the soil fertility and threatens agricultural ecosystems sustainability. The problem is exacerbated in fragile arid and semi-arid areas where high evaporation, low precipitation and the use of salty water for irrigation is accelerating soil salinization. Legumes, considered very nutritious foods for people and providing essential nutrients for ecosystems are a fundamental element of sustainable agriculture. They can restore soil health by their ability to fix nitrogen in a symbiotic interaction with the rhizobia of the soil. However, salt stress is severely limiting productivity and nitrogen fixation ability in legumes. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and mainly actinobacteria promote plant growth by producing phytohormones, siderophores, antibiotics and antifungal compounds, solubilizing phosphate and providing antagonism to phytopathogenic microorganisms. In addition, actinobacteria have beneficial effects on nodulation and growth of legumes. In this study, actinobacteria isolated from different niches and having PGP activities were used in co-inoculation experiments with rhizobia in Medicago sativa plants rhizosphere submitted to salt stress. The results indicate that drought- and salinity-tolerant Actinobacteria with multiple PGP traits can potentially increase alfalfa growth under saline conditions, in the presence or absence of symbiotic rhizobial bacteria. Actinobacteria discovered in this study can, therefore, be suitable biofertilizers in the formulation of agricultural products improving plant development, health and productivity in saline soils, a necessary alternative for modern agriculture and sustainable development.
Stereoscopic PIV measurements using low-cost action cameras
Authors: Käufer Theo , König Jörg , Cierpka Christian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Recently, large progress was made in the development towards low-cost PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) for industrial and educational applications. This paper presents the use of two low-cost action cameras for stereoscopic planar PIV. A continuous wave laser or alternatively an LED was used for illumination and pulsed by a frequency generator. A slight detuning of the light pulsation and camera frame rate minimizes systematic errors by the rolling shutter effect and allows for the synchronization of both cameras by postprocessing without the need of hardware synchronization. The setup was successfully qualified on a rotating particle pattern in a planar and stereoscopic configuration as well as on the jet of an aquarium pump. Since action cameras are intended to be used at outdoor activities, they are small, very robust and work autarkic. In conjunction with the synchronization and image pre-processing scheme presented herein, those cameras enable stereoscopic PIV in harsh environments and even on moving experiments.

Graphic abstract
Transrectal endoscopic drainage with vacuum-assisted therapy in patients with anastomotic leaks following rectal cancer resection
Authors: Jagielski Mateusz , Piątkowski Jacek , Jarczyk Grzegorz , Jackowski Marek 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Surgery is the gold standard for the treatment of malignant tumors of the rectum. Intestinal anastomotic leakage remains a serious complication of colorectal surgery. The efficacy and safety of transrectal endoscopic drainage by vacuum therapy in patients with intestinal anastomotic leakage after surgical treatment of middle and distal rectal tumors were assessed.

Methods
Prospective analysis of treatment outcomes among patients undergoing surgery for middle and distal rectal tumors at the Department of General, Gastroenterological, and Oncological Surgery of the Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz and Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun from 2016 to 2019 was conducted.

Results
Seventy-nine patients with middle and distal rectal tumors underwent laparoscopic resection. Intestinal anastomotic leak was identified in 18 (22.79%) patients [all men, mean age 61.39 (43–86) years] during the postoperative period. Primary protective ileostomy was performed in 8/18 (44.44%) patients. All 18 patients were treated with endoluminal vacuum therapy via transrectal endoscopic drainage. The mean time from surgery to the diagnosis of leakage and initiation of endoscopic treatment was 16 (3–728) days. The mean number of endoscopic procedures per patient was 6 (1–11). The mean duration of endoscopic treatment was 22 (4–43) days. Complications of endotherapy occurred in 2/18 (11.11%) patients treated endoscopically for bleeding from the abscess cavity. Success of endoluminal vacuum therapy was achieved in 17/18 (94.44%) patients. Moreover, 5/18 (27.78%) patients required ileostomy during the endoscopic treatment. The mean follow-up period was 368 (118–724) days. Long-term success of transrectal endoscopic drainage using vacuum-assisted therapy was achieved in 15/18 (83.33%) patients.

Conclusions
Endoscopic rectal drainage using vacuum-assisted therapy is an effective and safe minimally invasive treatment in patients with intestinal anastomotic leaks following resection procedures within the middle and distal rectum.
The role of benzydamine in prevention and treatment of chemoradiotherapy-induced mucositis
Authors: Nicolatou-Galitis Ourania , Bossi Paolo , Orlandi Ester , René-Jean Bensadoun  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To discuss the role of benzydamine in the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced oral mucositis (OM) in head and neck (H&N) cancer patients. This document represents an expert opinion paper on indications and key-role aspects in OM pathogenesis, prevention and treatment.

Oral mucositis
OM represents a common side effect of chemotherapy (CHT) and radiotherapy (RT). It consists in a painful erythema involving the oral cavity mucosa, which may progress to ulceration. Five biologically dynamic phases are considered crucial in mucositis: “initiation, signalling, amplification, ulceration and healing”. Oral environment and microbiota are fundamental in mucositis development being involved in susceptibility to infections and in ulceration consequences. Different agents against mucositis have been studied and the use of benzydamine is strongly supported in literature. The Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer and International Society for Oral Oncology (MASCC/ISOO) guidelines recommend its use for the prevention of OM in H&N patients undergoing RT and RT/CHT.

Benzydamine
Benzydamine is a local anti-inflammatory drug with analgesic properties. It can decrease TNF-α, IL-1β and prostaglandin synthesis, also inhibiting leukocyte-endothelial interactions, neutrophil degranulation, vasodilation and vascular permeability. Literature agrees on the beneficial effects of benzydamine in preventing and reducing oral mucositis severity in H&N cancer patients undergoing RT/CHT.

Conclusions
Mucositis represents a major concern in H&N cancer patients and a clinical and economical issue. A multimodal and multidisciplinary approach is needed for its management. International guidelines recommend benzydamine for OM prevention and treatment in H&N cancer patients, but further “real world” trials should be designed.
High carbon-di-oxide modified atmospheric packaging on quality of ready-to-eat minimally processed fresh-cut iceberg lettuce
Authors: Haque Md. Azizul , Asaduzzaman Md. , Mahomud Md. Sultan , Alam Md. Rizvi , Khaliduzzaman Alin , Pattadar Shib Nath , Ahmmed Raju 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFresh-cut lettuce is a very well-known salad for today's routines because it obliges minimal preparation to minimize the loss of health beneficial vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and other phytochemicals. It is a prodigious challenge to serve its consumers fresh. Quality of freshly processed lettuce under high CO2 modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) has been investigated as a realistic alternative technique for its preservation. Storage under high CO2 atmospheric treatments exhibited a significant impact in microbial development, electrolyte leakage, volatile metabolites and sensory quality of fresh-cut iceberg lettuce. This storage condition (MAP 1: 5 kPa O2 and 20 kPa CO2 balanced by N2 at 7 °C for 6 days) inhibited the growth of mesophilic bacteria and yeasts; delayed the enzymatic browning (cut-edges and intact surface) of fresh-cut iceberg lettuce and overall visual quality was also in acceptance limit. The development of off-odors was perceived in high CO2 MAP as a consequence of volatiles (ethanol and acetaldehyde) accumulation which was persisted at an inexcusable level during 6 days of storage periods.
Climate change management: a resilience strategy for flood risk using Blockchain tools
Authors: Vannucci Emanuele , Pagano Andrea Jonathan , Romagnoli Francesco 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis work aims to offer a contribution in the analysis and management, from an economic and financial point of view, of the flood risk, and extended to the hydrogeological risk, from the perspective of a public administration. As main responsible actor for containing the phenomenon through the maintenance of the territory, public administration is responsible for the cost of restoring of the services that have been damaged by this type of phenomenon. The assets of which the public administration must ensure the restoration are all public infrastructures (i.e. transportation, energy and water supply system, communication) together with the damage suffered by private property, if these affect services to be guaranteed to the population. In this work, the authors propose possible strategies that a public administration can put in place to deal with flood risk. Three main strategies are analysed: an absolute passivity that provides for the payment of damages as they occur (i.e. business-as-usual scenario), a classic insurance scheme, a resilient and innovative insurance scheme. The economic–financial profiles of these strategies proposed in this work put an emphasis on how the assumption of a time horizon can change the convenience of one strategy compared to the others. This study highlights the key role of the quantification of flood risk mitigation measure from an engineering perspective, and their potential issues to pursue these objectives in connection to the regulatory framework of the public administrations. This synergy is supported by the potential use of Blockchain-based tools. Within the paper is highlighted the key role that such platform IT data management platform could have within risk analysis and management schemes, both as a data collection tool and as certification of the various steps necessary to complete the process.
Transition models for count data: a flexible alternative to fixed distribution models
Authors: Berger Moritz , Tutz Gerhard 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA flexible semiparametric class of models is introduced that offers an alternative to classical regression models for count data as the Poisson and Negative Binomial model, as well as to more general models accounting for excess zeros that are also based on fixed distributional assumptions. The model allows that the data itself determine the distribution of the response variable, but, in its basic form, uses a parametric term that specifies the effect of explanatory variables. In addition, an extended version is considered, in which the effects of covariates are specified nonparametrically. The proposed model and traditional models are compared in simulations and by utilizing several real data applications from the area of health and social science.
The Perforation Resistance of Aluminum-Based Thermoplastic FMLs
Authors: Nassir Nassier. A. , Birch R. S. , Cantwell W. J. , Al Teneiji M. , Guan Z. W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe perforation resistance of fibre metal laminates (FMLs) made of an S-glass fibre reinforced poly-ether-ketone-ketone (GF/PEKK) composite and an aluminium alloy (2024-T3) is investigated. Initial attention is focused on assessing the effect of the processing temperature on the tensile strength of the aluminium alloy. Here, it has shown that the processing cycle results in a reduction of approximately 35% in both the tensile strength and yield strength of the aluminium alloy. A comparison of the quasi-static and dynamic perforation responses of the FMLs highlighted the rate-sensitivity of these laminates, with the perforation energy increasing as the loading rate varies from quasi-static to impact. After testing, the FML specimens were sectioned to highlight the prevailing failure modes. An examination of the cross-sections indicated that the impact energy of the projectile is absorbed through plastic deformation and tearing of the metal layers, delamination between the composite plies and metal layers as well as fibre fracture. Finite element models (FEM), using ABAQUS/Explicit, have been developed to predict the behaviour of the FMLs subjected to dynamic loading. The outputs of the FE models were then validated against the measured experimental force–displacement traces and the observed failure modes. The results of the FE models were in a good agreement with the experimental data, in terms of the initial stiffness, maximum force and maximum displacement, as well as the perforation mechanisms.
Levi Factors and Admissible Automorphisms
Authors: Chuah Meng-Kiat , Fioresi Rita 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLet $\mathfrak {g}$
g
be a complex simple Lie algebra. We consider subalgebras $\mathfrak {m}$
m
which are Levi factors of parabolic subalgebras of $\mathfrak {g}$
g
, or equivalently $\mathfrak {m}$
m
is the centralizer of its center. We introduced the notion of admissible systems on finite order $\mathfrak {g}$
g
-automorphisms 𝜃, and show that 𝜃 has admissible systems if and only if its fixed point set is a Levi factor. We then use the extended Dynkin diagrams to characterize such automorphisms, and look for automorphisms of minimal order.
Oribatid mite communities in mountain scree: stable isotopes (15N, 13C) reveal three trophic levels of exclusively sexual species
Authors: Nae Ioana , Nae Augustin , Scheu Stefan , Maraun Mark 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMountain scree habitats are intermediate habitats between the base of the soil and the bedrock. They are composed of a network of small cracks and voids, and are commonly situated at the lower levels of scree slopes. Their environment is defined by empty spaces inside the scree, the absence of light and photoperiod, low temperature, and resource poor conditions. Soil arthropod communities, their trophic structure as well as their use of basal resources in mountain scree are little studied despite the fact that they are important components of these systems. Here, we investigate stable isotope ratios (15N/14N,13C/12C) of oribatid mites (Oribatida, Acari) to understand their trophic niches and their variation with depth (50 and 75 cm) at two mountain scree sites (Cerdacul Stanciului, Marele Grohotis) in the Romanian Carpathians. Further, we used existing data to investigate the reproductive mode of the species in that habitat, as this may be related to resource availability. We hypothesized that trophic niches of oribatid mites will not differ between the two mountain scree regions but will be affected by depth. We furthermore hypothesized that due to the resource poor conditions oribatid mite species will span a narrow range of trophic levels, and that species are sexual rather than parthenogenetic. Our results showed that (1) oribatid mite trophic structure only slightly differed between the two sites indicating that the trophic ecology of oribatid mites in scree habitats is consistent and predictable, (2) oribatid mite trophic structure did not differ between the two studied soil depths indicating that the structure and availability of resources that were used by oribatid mites in deeper scree habitats varies little with depth, (3) oribatid mite species spanned only three trophic levels indicating that the habitat is rather resource poor, and (4) that all studied oribatid mite species were sexual supporting the view that resource poor conditions favour sexual reproduction.
Combatting institutional corruption: The policy-centered approach
Authors: Martinsson Joel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHow can institutional corruption be combatted? While recent years have seen a growth in anti-corruption literature, examples of countries rooting out systemic corruption remain few. The lack of success stories has sparked an academic debate about the theoretical foundations of anti-corruption frameworks: primarily between proponents of the principal-agent framework and those seeing systemic corruption as the result of collective-action problems. Through an analysis of current principal-agent and collective action anti-corruption literature, this article adds two additional arguments to the debate: (a) the need to specify what one talks about when talking about systemic corruption and (b) the necessity to move beyond the principal-agent versus collective action frameworks dichotomy towards a policy-centered approach for how to combat institutional corruption. Having outlined how institutional corruption can be seen as one type of systemic corruption, this article shows how a policy-centered approach such as strengthening the appearance standard through an independent public commission can address theoretical mechanisms emphasized in each anti-corruption framework–thus arguing that the frameworks complement rather than rival each other. The article ends by arguing for an anti-corruption discourse acknowledging that a multifaceted problem such as corruption requires multiple frameworks rather than attempts for silver-bullet explanations.
Novel ORAI1 Mutation Disrupts Channel Trafficking Resulting in Combined Immunodeficiency
Authors: Yu Fang , Agrebi Nourhen , Mackeh Rafah , Abouhazima Khaled , KhudaBakhsh Khadija , Adeli Mehdi , Lo Bernice , Hassan Amel , Machaca Khaled 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStore-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) represents a predominant Ca2+ influx pathway in non-excitable cells. SOCE is required for immune cell activation and is mediated by the plasma membrane (PM) channel ORAI1 and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ sensor STIM1. Mutations in the Orai1 or STIM1 genes abolish SOCE leading to combined immunodeficiency (CID), muscular hypotonia, and anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Here, we identify a novel autosomal recessive mutation in ORAI1 in a child with CID. The patient is homozygous for p.C126R mutation in the second transmembrane domain (TM2) of ORAI1, a region with no previous loss-of-function mutations. SOCE is suppressed in the patient’s lymphocytes, which is associated with impaired T cell proliferation and cytokine production. Functional analyses demonstrate that the p.C126R mutation does not alter protein expression but disrupts ORAI1 trafficking. Orai1-C126R does not insert properly into the bilayer resulting in ER retention. Insertion of an Arg on the opposite face of TM2 (L135R) also results in defective folding and trafficking. We conclude that positive side chains within ORAI1 TM2 are not tolerated and result in misfolding, defective bilayer insertion, and channel trafficking thus abolishing SOCE and resulting in CID.
Controllability Properties and Invariance Pressure for Linear Discrete-Time Systems
Authors: Colonius Fritz , Cossich João A. N. , Santana Alexandre J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFor linear control systems in discrete time controllability properties are characterized. In particular, a unique control set with nonvoid interior exists and it is bounded in the hyperbolic case. Then a formula for the invariance pressure of this control set is proved.
Technology Acceptance of a Machine Learning Algorithm Predicting Delirium in a Clinical Setting: a Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Jauk Stefanie , Kramer Diether , Avian Alexander , Berghold Andrea , Leodolter Werner , Schulz Stefan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEarly identification of patients with life-threatening risks such as delirium is crucial in order to initiate preventive actions as quickly as possible. Despite intense research on machine learning for the prediction of clinical outcomes, the acceptance of the integration of such complex models in clinical routine remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate user acceptance of an already implemented machine learning-based application predicting the risk of delirium for in-patients. We applied a mixed methods design to collect opinions and concerns from health care professionals including physicians and nurses who regularly used the application. The evaluation was framed by the Technology Acceptance Model assessing perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, actual system use and output quality of the application. Questionnaire results from 47 nurses and physicians as well as qualitative results of four expert group meetings rated the overall usefulness of the delirium prediction positively. For healthcare professionals, the visualization and presented information was understandable, the application was easy to use and the additional information for delirium management was appreciated. The application did not increase their workload, but the actual system use was still low during the pilot study. Our study provides insights into the user acceptance of a machine learning-based application supporting delirium management in hospitals. In order to improve quality and safety in healthcare, computerized decision support should predict actionable events and be highly accepted by users.