bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploration of a ternary deep eutectic solvent for the efficient extraction of plantamajoside, acteoside, quercetin and kaempferol from Plantago asiatica L.
Authors: Guo Huiling , Feng Chuanhua , Hu Lvjiang , Zhao Xiaojuan , Tang Xiaolin , Huang Yan , Luo Jiangnan , Xu Mengtian , Xie Wei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionIn the present study, ternary deep eutectic solvent‐based ultrasound‐assisted extraction was developed for the efficient extraction of plantamajoside, acteoside, quercetin and kaempferol from Plantago asiatica L.MethodologySix kinds of choline chloride‐based ternary deep eutectic solvents (TDESs) were prepared as potential extraction solutions. In order to obtain optimal extraction efficiency, a series of extraction conditions were investigated by single‐factor test and orthogonal test.ResultsThe extraction efficiency of choline chloride/lactic acid/ethylene glycol (ChCl‐LA‐EG) was much higher than that of other TDESs. ChCl‐LA‐EG‐11 synthesised with choline chloride, lactic acid and ethylene glycol (1:4:2) was considered to have a higher extraction efficiency. The optimal ultrasound‐assisted extraction conditions were as follows: water content in ChCl‐LA‐EG‐11, 50%; extraction temperature, 70°C; ratio of solid/liquid, 20 mg/mL; ultrasonic power, 60 W; extraction time, 35 min; pH of the solution, 8. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the extraction efficiencies of plantamajoside, acteoside, quercetin and kaempferol were 3.83 ± 0.41, 4.23 ± 0.45, 0.56 ± 0.15 and 0.19 ± 0.08 mg/g, respectively. The extraction efficiency of the total target components was 9.21 ± 0.63 mg/g, which was much higher than that of conventional solvents (water, methanol, ethanol, 50% methanol, 50% ethanol). The target components were isolated efficiently from the TDES solution by an AB‐8 macroporous resin column with a recovery rate of 95.6%.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that TDESs possessed excellent physical and chemical properties and had enormous potential for active component extraction of traditional Chinese medicinal materials.
Professional discrepancies of doctors and lawyers in episodic memory: Modulations of professional morality and warning
Authors: Nie Aiqing , Li Minye 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPast investigations have consistently demonstrated the robust stereotype‐consistent effect in the circumstance of source memory but not always in item memory, including the case of professional stereotype. However, it remains unclear whether the effect still occurs in professional stereotype when considering the attributes of negative (or bad) or positive (or good); besides, it has not been concerned about how does warning work in remembering the professional stereotypical stimuli. The current experiments aimed to address these issues by adopting descriptive sentences as stimuli, which were related or unrelated to doctors and lawyers, and with different professional moral valences (negative, neutral, or positive). Item memory and source memory were tested successively. Experiment 1 without the explicit warning confirmed the reliable stereotype‐consistent effect solely in source memory; the modulation of professional morality on memory behaved differently between doctor and lawyer, that is, negativity bias versus positivity bias. When giving an explicit warning (Experiment 2), the stereotype‐consistent effect attenuated in the lawyer case, and the occurrence of negativity bias was sensitive to the memory task. Thus, our findings further reinforce the dual‐process model; both professional morality and warning work in memory of professional stereotype, depending upon the nature of the profession, the concerned memory task, and also the presence of warning. Implications are made for future research to consider more perspectives.
Concerted increases of FAE1 expression level and substrate availability improve and singularize the production of very‐long‐chain fatty acids in Arabidopsis seeds
Authors: Ma Shijie , Du Chang , Taylor David C. , Zhang Meng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOur initial goal was to evaluate the contributions of high 18:1 phosphatidylcholine and the expression level of FAE1 to the accumulation of very‐long‐chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), which have wide applications as industrial feedstocks. Unexpectedly, VLCFAs were not improved by increasing the proportions of 18:1 in fad2‐1 mutant, FAD2 artificial miRNA, and FAD2 co‐suppression lines. Expressing Arabidopsis FAE1 resulted in co‐suppression in 90% of transgenic lines, which was effectively released when it was expressed in the rdr6‐11 mutant host. When FAE1 could be highly expressed, apart from its naturally preferred product, 20:1, other saturated and polyunsaturated VLCFAs also accumulated in seeds. We postulated that overabundant FAE1 might cause the diversified VLCFA profile. When FAE1 was highly expressed, knocking down FAD2 increased the content of 20:1, suggesting that the 18:1 availability in the acyl‐CoA pool increased from the high 18:1‐PC via acyl editing. Concurrent decreases of side products like 22:1 and 20:0 in these lines suggest that increasing availability of the preferred substrate could suppress the side elongation reactions and reverse the effect of VLCFA product diversification due to overabundant FAE1. Re‐analysis of FAD2 knockdown lines indicated that increasing 18:1 led to a decrease of 22:1, which also supports the above hypothesis. These results demonstrate that 18:1 substrate could be increased by a downregulation of FAD2 and that a balance between the levels of enzyme and substrate may be crucial for engineering‐specific VLCFA products.
A probabilistic framework to achieve robust non‐fragile tuning methods: PD control of IPD‐modeled processes
Authors: Bahavarnia MirSaleh , Tavazoei Mohammad Saleh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe introduce a novel probabilistic framework to achieve robust non‐fragile tuning methods in control of processes with parametric uncertainties. We consider probability distributions to model the process parameters' uncertainties. First, we propose the tuning framework in a general setting. Then, as an illustration, we apply it to PD control of IPD‐modeled processes. It is noteworthy that the proposed tuning method is robust against the considered parametric uncertainties. Also, to empower the proposed robust tuning method in the viewpoint of non‐fragility, we utilize a centroid approach. Selecting the form of the probabilistic framework, we empirically observe some of the popular tuning methods are special cases of the proposed novel framework. Moreover, we theoretically/empirically make a comparison among the tuning methods in the literature based on non‐fragility and robustness via such a probabilistic framework.
A framework for the assessment of qualitative and quantitative sustainable development of groundwater system
Authors: Moghaddam Hamid Kardan , Banihabib Mohammad Ebrahim , Javadi Saman , Randhir Timothy O. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe groundwater mitigation issues and moving toward sustainable quality and quantity conditions of the aquifers are primary water resources management objectives in arid and semi‐arid regions. A framework is required to assess groundwater restoration strategies' impacts on the aquifer's qualitative and quantitative sustainability. In this study, two new indices are introduced to evaluate the state of aquifer sustainability. The aquifer quantity restoration index was determined by using the results of the MODFLOW, considering the differences between the simulated and the desired water levels and the storage volumes for restoration scenarios, and the percentage of obtaining the desired level at the end of the simulated period. The aquifer quality restoration index was defined based on the DRASTIC‐LU aquifer vulnerability and the percentage of the desired total dissolved solids (TDS) goals at the end of the simulated period using the Bayesian networks model. Six restoration groundwater scenarios in 10 years were assessed to examine both proposed indices. Scenarios are comprised of a one to 3.5% reduction in agriculture groundwater withdrawal. The aquifer quantitative restoration index resulting from the MODFLOW simulation indicated that 2.5% of the decrease in groundwater withdrawal satisfied the aquifer's sustainability. Furthermore, the qualitative sustainability index showed that the reduction in groundwater withdrawal has enormous impacts on the aquifer's central area and marginal parts, where the groundwater is dramatically over‐exploited. Indices proposed can be utilized for the assessment of achieving sustainable management in groundwater by restoration scenarios.
Daily cortisol awakening response and menstrual symptoms in young females
Authors: Ozgocer Tuba , Ucar Cihat , Yildiz Sedat 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMenstrual symptoms include some rhythmical changes and stress perception but women differ in duration and severity of these symptoms. It is not known whether these differences are associated with cortisol awakening response (CAR). The aim of the current study was to follow young women daily for the CAR and menstrual parameters throughout the whole menstrual cycle. Healthy and regularly cycling young women (n = 16, 17 to 31‐year‐old) participated in the current study. The daily records of severity of problems (DRSP) was filled in daily by the participants. CAR was also assessed daily form the salivary samples collected at a 0‐, 15‐, 30‐ and 60‐min post‐awakening. In terms of daily awakening cortisol profiles, women had either 2–20 (n = 3), or 20–200 (n = 8) or 200–2000 (n = 5) ng/ml cortisol according to the median levels throughout their cycle. CAR was weakly and negatively correlated with DRSP scores but strongly and positively with oestradiol (R2 = 0.300;p = 0.000) and progesterone (R2 = 0.490;p = 0.000) concentrations. Individuals with higher oestradiol and progesterone concentrations did not have high DRSP scores. In conclusion, CAR had a very high between‐subject difference but had a low within‐subject difference throughout the days of menstrual cycle, suggesting that CAR is a relatively stable personal trait. Moreover, the interplay between cortisol, progesterone and oestradiol appears to be important for the severity of menstrual symptoms.
Boron Dopant Induced Electron‐Rich Bismuth for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction with High Solar Energy Conversion Efficiency
Authors: Chen Xin , Chen Huayu , Zhou Wei , Zhang Qiqi , Yang Zhongshan , Li Zhe , Yang Fang , Wang Defa , Ye Jinhua , Liu Lequan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractElectrochemical CO2 reduction to formate offers a mild and feasible pathway for the utilization of CO2, and bismuth is a promising metal for its unique hydrogen evolution reaction inhibition. Reported works of Bi‐based electrodes generally exhibit high selectivity while suffering from relatively narrow working potential range. From the perspective of electronic modification engineering, B‐doped Bi is prepared by a facile chemical reduction method in this work. With B dopant, above 90% Faradaic efficiency for formate over a broad window of working potential of −0.6 to −1.2 V (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode) is achieved. In situ Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray adsorption spectroscopy, and computational analysis demonstrate that the B dopant induces the formation of electron‐rich bismuth, which is in favor of the formation of formate by fine‐tuning the adsorption energy of *OCHO. Moreover, full‐cell electrolysis system coupled with photovoltaic device is constructed and achieves the solar‐to‐formate conversion efficiency as high as 11.8%.
High‐Performance Perovskite Composite Electrocatalysts Enabled by Controllable Interface Engineering
Authors: Xu Xiaomin , Pan Yangli , Ge Lei , Chen Yubo , Mao Xin , Guan Daqin , Li Mengran , Zhong Yijun , Hu Zhiwei , Peterson Vanessa K. , Saunders Martin , Chen Chien‐Te , Zhang Haijuan , Ran Ran , Du Aijun , Wang Hao , Jiang San Ping , Zhou Wei , Shao Zongping 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSingle‐phase perovskite oxides that contain nonprecious metals have long been pursued as candidates for catalyzing the oxygen evolution reaction, but their catalytic activity cannot meet the requirements for practical electrochemical energy conversion technologies. Here a cation deficiency‐promoted phase separation strategy to design perovskite‐based composites with significantly enhanced water oxidation kinetics compared to single‐phase counterparts is reported. These composites, self‐assembled from perovskite precursors, comprise strongly interacting perovskite and related phases, whose structure, composition, and concentration can be accurately controlled by tailoring the stoichiometry of the precursors. The composite catalyst with optimized phase composition and concentration outperforms known perovskite oxide systems and state‐of‐the‐art catalysts by 1–3 orders of magnitude. It is further demonstrated that the strong interfacial interaction of the composite catalysts plays a key role in promoting oxygen ionic transport to boost the lattice‐oxygen participated water oxidation. These results suggest a simple and viable approach to developing high‐performance, perovskite‐based composite catalysts for electrochemical energy conversion.
An exploratory semantic analysis of logging questions
Authors: Gujral Harshit , Lal Sangeeta , Li Heng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLogging is an integral part of software development. Software practitioners often face issues in software logging, and they post these issues on Q&A websites to take suggestions from the experts. In this study, we perform a three‐level empirical analysis of logging questions posted on six popular technical Q&A websites, namely, Stack Overflow (SO), Serverfault (SF), Superuser (SU), Database Administrators (DB), Software Engineering (SE), and Android Enthusiasts (AE). The findings show that logging issues are prevalent across various domains, for example, database, networks, and mobile computing, and software practitioners from different domains face different logging issues. The semantic analysis of logging questions using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) reveals trends of several existing and new logging topics, such as logging conversion pattern, Android device logging, and database logging. In addition, we observe specific logging topics for each website: DB (log shipping and log file growing/shrinking), SU (event log and syslog configuration), SF (log analysis and syslog configuration), AE (app install and usage tracking), SE (client server logging and exception logging), and SO (log file creation/deletion, Android emulator logging, and logger class of Log4j). We obtain an increasing trend of logging topics on the SO, SU, and DB websites whereas a decreasing trend of logging topics on the SF website.
Just‐in‐time defect prediction for software hunks
Authors: Zhu Xiaoyan , Yan Chenyu , Whitehead E. James , Niu Binbin , Zhu Lei , Pan Long 
Published: June 2021

AbstractJust‐in‐time defect prediction can remind software developers and managers to verify and fix bugs at the moment they appeared, thus improving the effectiveness and validity of bug fixing. Existing studies mainly focus on just‐in‐time prediction for software files (JIT‐F). JIT‐F is a binary classification problem, which classifies (hence predicts) a file change as buggy or clean. This article provides a detailed analysis of just‐in‐time defect prediction for software hunks (JIT‐H), which predicts bugs at a finer level of granularity, and hence further improves the efficiency of bug fixing. Classification is performed using the ensemble technique of bagging—aggregated combinations of random under sampling plus multiple classifiers (J48 and Random Forest). An empirical study with 10 open source projects was conducted to validate the effectiveness of JIT‐H. Experimental results show that JIT‐H is effective at predicting defects in software hunk changes. Compared with JIT‐F, JIT‐H is more cost effective. Additionally, analysis on the change features indicates that Text Vector features and hunk change level features are of more importance than features in other groups and levels.
The Rich Legacy and Bright Future of Transition‐Metal Catalyzed Peroxide Based Radical Reactions
Authors: Dahiya Anjali , Patel Bhisma K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis personal account is mainly focused on the author's involvement in the field of transition metal‐catalyzed peroxide based radical reactions. Over the past decades, radical chemistry has flourished and become crucial in contemporary synthetic organic chemistry. Owing to the presence of a single electron in one orbital, radicals are very unstable and react very fast. To carry out desired transformations and to control the side reactions the stabilizations of these radicals is essential. Fortunately, the implementation of a suitable transition metal and peroxide combination into the radical reactions have proved beneficial. Transition metals not only stabilizes the radicals but also protects them from being quenched by undesired homo‐coupling or fragmentation. Transition metal‐catalyzed radical‐radical reactions provide an innovative way for the construction and derivatization of carbocycles and heterocycles. The objective of this review is to give an overview of the construction and derivatization of heterocycles through the lens of radical chemistry, mainly focusing on research work done by our group.
Recognition and Sequestration of Toxic Inorganic Water Pollutants with Hydrolytically Stable Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Dutta Subhajit , Let Sumanta , Sharma Shivani , Mahato Debanjan , Ghosh Sujit K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWater pollution and crisis of freshwater is one of the most alarming concern globally, which threatens the development and survival of living beings. Recycling of contaminated water has been the prime demand of 21st century as the area of contamination in natural waterbodies increasing rapidly worldwide. Detoxification and purification of wastewater via adsorptive removal technology has been proven to be more efficient because of it's simplicity, lesser complexity and cost‐effectiveness. As the most rapid‐growing division of coordination chemistry, porous coordination polymers (PCPs) or metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) with the liberty of crafting tailorable porous architecture and presence of numerous functional sites have become quintessential for recognition and sequestration of water pollutants. This personal account intends to highlight our recent contributions in the field of sensing and sequestration of toxic aquatic inorganic pollutants by functionalized water stable MOFs.
Synthesis of sulfonated poly(styrene‐co‐methyl methacrylate) by semicontinuous heterophase polymerization for filtration membranes
Authors: Ovando‐Medina Víctor M. , Escobar‐Villanueva Alondra G. , Martínez‐Gutiérrez Hugo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, styrene (St) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) were copolymerized in semicontinuous heterophase using Hitenol‐BC10 (HBC10) as polymerizable surfactant and ammonium persulfate as initiator to obtain copolymers of poly(St‐co‐MMA). The effects of St/MMA weight ratio and surfactant concentration on kinetics, and colloidal properties of latexes were studied. Copolymers and latexes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction analysis. Fast reaction rates under monomer starved conditions and high conversions (>85%) were observed in all cases, with a weight‐average molecular weight in the range of 2.10 × 106 to 0.96 × 106 g mol−1, decreasing with the HBC10 concentration due to an effect of chain transference to surfactant. Stable latexes with spherical particles with average diameter in the interval of 65–41 nm and Z‐potential in the interval of −68.24 to −38.44 mV were obtained. Copolymers were sulfonated using acetyl sulfate as sulfonating agents and subsequently used for filtration membrane fabrication through the phase inversion method. Membranes were tested in simulated seawater filtration (3.5% NaCl) under constant pressure. At a pressure of 20 psia, permeated flux (J) of pure water and salt rejection (R) varied from 13.8 to 20.5 L m−2 h−1 and 37.8%–50.7%, respectively. It was concluded that membrane's performance is dependent on copolymer composition, the crystallinity of copolymers, and the ionic exchange capacity of membranes, being the best membrane composed of 90/10 of St‐to‐MMA weight ratio and using a monomer‐to‐surfactant weight ratio of 29.9.
Experimental production cross sections for synchrotron radiation induced L‐series X‐rays of Sn and Sb at energies across their Li (i = 1–3) absorption edges
Authors: Kaur Sandeep , Ayri Vibha , Kumar Anil , Czyzycki Mateusz , Karydas Andreas G. , Puri Sanjiv 
Published: June 2021

We have measured the X‐ray production cross sections (XRPCS) for the Lp (p = l, α, η, β1,3,4,6, β2,15, γ1,5, γ2,3,4) emission lines of Sn and Sb using synchrotron induced mono‐chromatic radiation tuned across their respective Li (i = 1–3) sub‐shell absorption edges covering the range 4.0 keV–5.0 keV. These measured XRPCS have been compared with the corresponding values calculated using the non‐relativistic Hartree‐Fock‐Slater model based Li (i = 1–3) photoionization cross‐sections, the Dirac‐Fock model based X‐ray emission rates and three sets of fluorescence and Coster‐Kronig (CK) yields based on the Dirac‐Hartree‐Slater model, the semi‐empirical values tabulated by Krause and recently reported experimental values. The present measured Lp XRPCS for both Sn and Sb at different investigated photon energies are found to be in good agreement with those calculated using the experimental photoionization cross sections, fluorescence and CK yields. Further, a good agreement observed between the present measured and calculated branching ratios for both Sn and Sb indicates the reliability of the Dirac‐Fock model based X‐ray emission rates. The Lp XRPCS and intensity ratios for Sn and Sb calculated using the experimental photoionization cross sections, the DF model based X‐ray emission rates and the experimental fluorescence and CK yields are recommended for use in different applications.
Advancing MıNNLOPS to diboson processes: Zγ production at NNLO+PS
Authors: Lombardi Daniele , Wiesemann Marius , Zanderighi Giulia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We consider Zγ production in hadronic collisions and present the first computation of next-to-next-to-leading order accurate predictions consistently matched to parton showers (NNLO+PS). Spin correlations, interferences and off-shell effects are included by calculating the full process pp → ℓ+ℓ−γ. We extend the recently developed MiNNLOPS method to genuine 2 → 2 hard scattering processes at the LHC, which paves the way for NNLO+PS simulations of all diboson processes. This is the first 2 → 2 NNLO+PS calculation that does not require an a-posteriori multi-differential reweighting. We find that both NNLO corrections and matching to parton showers are crucial for an accurate simulation of the Zγ process. Our predictions are in very good agreement with recent ATLAS data.