bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STAT3 phosphorylation is required for the HepaCAM‐mediated inhibition of castration‐resistant prostate cancer cell viability and metastasis
Authors: Tan Bing , Chen Xiaoming , Fan Yanru , Yang Yuanjuan , Yang Junjie , Tan Li 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundCastration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is an advanced disease that is difficult to treat, the mechanism of it is unclear. This study illustrated the function of hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule (HepaCAM) on CRPC cell viability and metastasis.MethodsThe expression of HepaCAM and p‐STAT3 in CRPC tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Cell Counting Kit‐8 and colony formation assays were deployed to analyze the growth ability of CRPC cells following the adenovirus‐mediated re‐expression of HepaCAM. CRPC cell migration and invasion capacity were investigated by wound healing and Matrigel‐coated transwell assays, respectively. The messenger RNA or protein levels of p‐STAT3, CyclinD1, cMyc, MMP2, MMP9, and VEGF were determined by reverse transcription (RT) followed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR), and western blot analysis after either HepaCAM re‐expression alone or in combination with IL‐22 treatment. A CRPC orthotopic xenograft mouse model was applied to investigate the functional effect of HepaCAM on the metastasis of CRPC cells to the lungs.ResultsThe expression levels of HepaCAM were decreased while those of p‐STAT3 were elevated in CRPC cells compare with surrounding benign tissues (p < .001). The overexpression of HepaCAM in CRPC cells notably reduced proliferation, migration, and invasion by inhibiting the expression of p‐STAT3, CyclinD1, cMyc, MMP2, MMP9, and VEGF (p < .05). In addition, the expression of HepaCAM significantly inhibited the IL‐22/p‐STAT3 axis and the metastasis of CRPC cells to the lungs.ConclusionsOur data suggested that HepaCAM suppressed the viability of CRPC cells via the IL‐22/p‐STAT3 axis and inhibited the metastasis of CRPC cells from the prostate to the lungs (p < .05).
Cu(II)‐Catalysed Azide‐Alkyne Cycloaddition Reaction towards Synthesis of β‐Carboline C1‐Tethered 1,2,3‐Triazole Derivatives
Authors: Kumar Sunit , Malakar Chandi C. , Singh Virender 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIndole and β‐carboline alkaloids exhibit diverse range of significant pharmacological properties as reflected by their contribution in drug‐discovery. We have described the synthesis of hybrid molecules containing β‐carboline C1‐linked 1,2,3‐triazoles in moderate to good yields. The developed transformation was realized by using Cu(II)‐catalysed click‐reaction of diverse alkynes within‐situderived rarely explored β‐carboline tethered aliphatic azides. These molecular hybrids also exhibited excellent fluorescence properties.
Synthesis of 9‐O‐Arylated Berberine with a Polystyrene Resin Supported Copper(II) Catalyst
Authors: Meng Qi , Zhang Lian , Zhu Xinhui , Teng Qiaoqiao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA series of polyfluorobenzene, pyridine and aniline substituted berberine derivatives (3 b–3 h) were prepared via resin‐supported Cu(II) catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions of tetrahydroberberrubine with iodoarenes and subsequent I2 oxidation. The best catalyst, a polyethyleneimine functionalized polystyrene supported Cu2+ (PSAPA⋅Cu(II)), could be reused for at least 5 runs without significant loss of catalytic activity. Comparative studies on the morphology and porous structures of the materials suggested a catalyst with a moderate specific surface area and larger pore diameters was more active in catalyzing the cross‐coupling reactions.
Synthesis of α‐Heterocycle Anchored Spirocyclic Azetidin‐2‐ones in a Minute by p‐TSA Catalyzed Cyclocondensation of Azetidin‐2,3‐diones with Difunctionalized Substrates
Authors: Narula Dipika , Bari Shamsher S. , Yadav Pooja , Khullar Sadhika , Mandal Sanjay K. , Kaur Gurpreet , Chaudhary Ganga Ram , Bhalla Aman 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMonocyclic azetidin‐2,3‐diones provide easy extensions to spiro‐fused azetidin‐2‐ones upon p‐toluenesulfonic acid (p‐TSA) catalyzed cyclocondensation reaction with difunctionalized substrates [mercaptoacids (mercaptoacetic acid, 2‐mercaptopropionic acid, 3‐mercaptopropionic acid), ethan‐1,2‐dithiol, ortho‐difunctionalized benzenes (ortho‐phenylenediamine, ortho‐aminothiophenol)]. 1,3‐Oxathiolan‐5‐one/6‐one, 1,3‐dithiolane, 2,3‐dihydrobenzo[d]imidazole and 2,3‐dihydrobenzo[d]thiazole tethered spirocyclic azetidin‐2‐ones were obtained in good overall isolated yields (69–89 %) in a very short‐time duration (max 1 min) using toluene Dean‐Stark reflux/dichloromethane rt stirring conditions. The stereochemical and spectral studies, stabilities and diastereoisomeric ratio for trans and cis spiro‐fused products are reported. The trans and cis configuration has been assigned to spiro‐β‐lactams wrt the stereochemical relationship between sulfur atom (at spiro centre) and the vicinal methine hydrogen atom at C3/C2. The absolute configuration of one trans 1,3‐oxathiolan‐5‐one fused spirocyclic azetidin‐2‐one was clearly identified by X‐ray single crystal structure analysis.
Bedtime repetitive negative thinking moderates the relationship between psychological stress and insomnia
Authors: Benham Grant 
Published: April 2021

AbstractResearch suggests that psychological stress is associated with insomnia, but there is limited research on vulnerabilities that might amplify this association, particularly in college students. Based on a sample of 507 undergraduates, the current study demonstrates that the observed positive correlation between self‐perceived stress and insomnia severity is moderated by the tendency to engage in repetitive negative thinking (RNT) at bedtime. Additionally, separate analyses of those who scored below/above the threshold for insomnia (non‐insomniacs vs. insomniacs) revealed that the interaction between stress and these negative bedtime cognitions differed qualitatively between the two groups. In insomniacs, the stress‐insomnia relationship was dampened for those with lower levels of bedtime RNT, but amplified for those with higher levels. For non‐insomniacs, the stress‐insomnia relationship was stronger for those with minimal bedtime RNT, while higher levels of bedtime RNT appeared to overshadow this association. To develop a better understanding of the contribution of stress and RNT to clinically relevant levels of insomnia, future studies should take into account the dissimilar patterns of moderation seen in non‐insomniacs and insomniacs, either through prospective screening or separate analyses. Findings from the current study suggest that insomnia treatments that can simultaneously reduce stress and address bedtime RNT may be optimal.
Occupational, industry, and geographic exposure to artificial intelligence: A novel dataset and its potential uses
Authors: Felten Edward , Raj Manav , Seamans Robert 
Published: April 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryWe create and validate a new measure of an occupation's exposure to AI that we call the AI Occupational Exposure (AIOE). We use the AIOE to construct a measure of AI exposure at the industry level, which we call the AI Industry Exposure (AIIE) and a measure of AI exposure at the county level, which we call the AI Geographic Exposure (AIGE). We also describe several ways in which the AIOE can be used to create firm level measures of AI exposure. We validate the measures and describe how they can be used in different applications by management, organization and strategy scholars.Managerial SummaryAlthough artificial intelligence (AI) promises to spur economic growth, there is widespread concern that it could displace workers, alter industry trajectories, and reshape organizations. Despite the interest in this area, we have limited ability to study the effects of AI on occupations, firms, industries, and geographies because of limited availability of data that measures exposure to AI. To address this limitation, we create and validate a new measure of an occupation's exposure to AI that we call the AI Occupational Exposure (AIOE). We use the AIOE to construct a measure of AI exposure at the industry level (AIIE) and county level (AIGE). We describe how our measures can be useful to scholars and policy‐makers interested in identifying the effect of AI on markets.
RGraph: Asynchronous graph processing based on asymmetry of remote direct memory access
Authors: Chen Hanhua , Yuan Jie , Jin Hai , Wang Yonghui , Wu Sijie , Jiang Zhihao 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThe scale of real‐world graphs is constantly growing. To deal with large‐scale graphs, distributed graph processing has attracted much research efforts. Existing distributed graph processing systems are commonly built on traditional TCP/IP communication stack, which leads to network bottleneck because of low bandwidth and heavy kernel stack operations. Meanwhile, in real power‐law graphs, the average number of mirror vertices after graph partitioning is very large, resulting in significant communication overhead among nodes. The emerging high‐performance Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) network has the features of low latency, high bandwidth, and low CPU overhead, which brings new opportunities for distributed graph processing systems. Existing RDMA‐assisted graph processing systems focus on synchronous execution, which imposes barriers between consecutive iterations. Synchronous execution transfers bulk data among nodes and thus only needs a small number of network transfers. However, synchronous execution is usually less efficient than asynchronous execution because of bulk synchronization. Asynchronous execution accelerates graph processing by eliminating barriers, which in turn requires to transfer a large amount of small size data. In this paper, we propose RGraph, an RDMA‐assisted asynchronous distributed graph processing system. RGraph distributes edges into two parts to isolate master and mirror vertices. RGraph exploits the asymmetry of RDMA to accelerate the one‐to‐many communication between master and mirror vertices. We implement RGraph on top of PowerGraph and conduct comprehensive experiments with large‐scale real graphs to evaluate its performance. Results show that compared to existing designs, RGraph reduces the execution time by up to 81%.
Bilingual Families’ Perspectives on Literacy Resources and Supports at Home
Authors: Noguerón-Liu Silvia , Driscoll Kristen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article features the literacy practices, resources, and strategies reported and observed in two households, by Latina mothers and their children in elementary school. Drawing on asset‐based frameworks (funds of knowledge, transnational literacies, and family language policies), the analysis presents case studies of two households, featuring the perspectives and practices of mothers and children who participated in a community‐based family literacy program. Findings center on issues of access to texts and technology, views on academic literacy practices, and selection of educational resources that promote bilingualism, biliteracy, and transnational understandings of culture and inequality. Implications for text selection, inclusion of bilingual language practices, and collaboration with families in equitable home‐school partnerships are described.
The association between media exposure and enrollment in health insurance in Nepal: Implications for health policy
Authors: Acharya Devaraj , Devkota Bhimsen , Kreps Gary L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractExposure to mass media plays a crucial role in behavior change or decision‐making. The study used a cross‐sectional survey design. A total of 810 households were randomly selected for data collection by using a validated interview schedule. The study examined exposure to radio, television (TV), hoarding boards (billboards), newspapers, and brochures, pamphlets, and posters as media platform “independent variables” and enrollment in health insurance (HI) as the “dependent variable.” Data showed that 60% of the respondents had exposure to HI information with electronic (radio and TV) media and 33% had exposure via printed or displayed media. All these media were significantly associated with enrollment in HI. But exposure to HI‐related information from radio (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.39–2.61, p < 0.001), TV (aOR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.25–2.38, p < 0.01), and hoarding board (billboard) (aOR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.25–2.81, p < 0.01) were the significant predictor for enrollment in HI. The study findings suggest that it would be best to consider the use of these predictor communication channels when making strategic communication plans to promote HI enrollment in Nepal.
Multifunctional MnO2 nanoparticles for tumor microenvironment modulation and cancer therapy
Authors: Yang Guangbao , Ji Jiansong , Liu Zhuang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTumor microenvironment (TME) is generally featured by low pH values, high glutathione (GSH) concentrations, overproduced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and severe hypoxia. These characteristics could provide an interior environment for origination and residence of tumor cells and would lead to tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Therefore, the development of TME‐responsive smart nanosystems has shown significant potential to enhance the efficacy of current cancer treatments. Manganese dioxide (MnO2)‐based nanosystems have attracted growing attentions for applications in cancer treatment as an excellent TME‐responsive theranostic platform, due to their tunable structures/morphologies, pH responsive degradation, and excellent catalytic activities. In this review, we mainly summarize the strategies of MnO2 and its nanocomposites to modulate TME, such as tumor hypoxia relief, excessive GSH depletion, glucose consumption, and tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment moderation. Such MnO2‐based TME modulation would be beneficial for a wide range of cancer therapies including photodynamic therapy, radiotherapy, sonodynamic therapy, chemodynamic therapy, starvation therapy, and immunotherapy. Next, some representative designs of MnO2‐based nanoplatforms in other tumor therapies are highlighted. Moreover, we will discuss the challenges and future perspectives of these MnO2‐based nanosystems for enhanced tumor treatment.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Ruthenium(II) Complex of a Tridentate Azoaromatic Pincer Ligand and its Use in Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Aldehydes and Ketones with Isopropanol
Authors: Saha Tanushri , Prasad Rath Santi , Goswami Sreebrata 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this work, a new Ru(II) complex with the redox‐active pincer 2,6‐bis(phenylazo)pyridine ligand (L) is reported which acts as a metal‐ligand bifunctional catalyst for transfer hydrogenation reactions. The isolated complex [(L)Ru(PMe2Ph)2(CH3CN)](ClO4)2; [1](ClO4)2 is characterized by a host of spectroscopic measurements and X‐ray structure determination. It is diamagnetic and single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis reveals that [1]2+ adopts a distorted octahedral geometry where L binds Ru center in meridional fashion. The observed elongation in the coordinated azo bond length (1.29 Å) is attributed to the extensive π‐back bonding, dπ(RuII)→π*(azo)L. The complex [1](ClO4)2 acts as an efficient catalyst, which brings about catalytic transfer hydrogenation reactions of a broad array of aldehydes and ketones in isopropanol and in inert conditions. The selectivity of the catalyst for aldehyde reduction over the other reducible functional groups such as nitro, nitrile, ester etc was also investigated. Mechanistic studies, examined by suitable control reactions and isotope labelling experiments, indicate synergistic participation of both ligand and metal centres via the formation of a fleeting Ru−H intermediate and hydrogen walking to the coordinated azo function of L.
Overview and Evidence-Based Recommendations to Address Health and Human Rights Inequities Faced by Sex Workers
Authors: Goldenberg Shira M. , Morgan Thomas Ruth , Forbes Anna , Baral Stefan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis volume uses community case studies and data from around the world to highlight the sustained health and social inequities that sex workers in all of their diversity experience in 2020. Guided by a balanced community–academic partnership, this volume aims to ensure that sex workers’ voices are amplified in describing both challenges and the ways forward. Collectively, the chapters describe an elevated burden of HIV, sexually transmitted infections, drug-related harms, violence and other human rights violations, and significant unmet sexual and reproductive health needs. They also demonstrate that sex workers are not passive recipients of such inequity, but rather actively resist and continue to mobilise to advocate for improved health, safety, and human rights conditions and policy changes. Evidence-based recommendations include sex work decriminalisation, ensuring accessible and sex worker-friendly services, removal of punitive policing and surveillance, community empowerment, and strengthening capacity for community engagement in research, policy, and programmes.
The Epidemiology of HIV Among Sex Workers Around the World: Implications for Research, Programmes, and Policy
Authors: Viswasam Nikita , Rivera Justice , Comins Carly , Rao Amrita , Lyons Carrie E. , Baral Stefan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGlobally, sex workers of all genders and identities continue to face disproportionately high burdens of HIV, demonstrating the need for programmes better tailoring services to their unmet needs. The reasons for this high burden are complex, intersecting across behavioural, social, and structural realities experienced by sex workers. Here, we build on systematic reviews of HIV among sex workers and case studies rooted in sex workers’ lived experience to describe: (1) the global HIV burden among sex workers; (2) the factors and determinants that influence the HIV burden; (3) intervention coverage and gaps to reduce HIV-related inequities faced by sex workers, over the past decade.Sex workers living with HIV have not benefited enough from significant increases in HIV treatment among the general population. Engagement in this HIV treatment cascade is hindered by structural factors including stigma, migration, policing, criminalisation, and violence, as well as substance use, which present increasingly concurrent risks with HIV among sex workers.Emerging biomedical HIV prevention innovations exist to support the health and human rights of sex workers and reduce onward transmission risk, but persistent data gaps remain, and should be addressed via community-driven implementation research. Epidemiologic research engaging sex workers who are cismen and transgender persons is similarly crucial. Community empowerment approaches have reduced the odds of HIV infection, highlighting the case for greater investments in structural interventions. These investments, combined with filling data gaps and national action towards sex work decriminalisation alongside legal protections, are critical to achieving reductions in sex workers’ HIV burden.
Global Burden of Violence and Other Human Rights Violations Against Sex Workers
Authors: Argento Elena , Win Kay Thi , McBride Bronwyn , Shannon Kate 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGlobally, sex workers experience a disproportionate burden of violence and human rights violations linked to criminalisation, punitive law enforcement, and lack of labour protections. Social injustices including poor working conditions, violence and victimisation, police harassment, and discrimination constitute severe violations of sex workers’ health, labour and human rights, and abuses of their freedom and dignity. Policymakers, researchers, and international bodies increasingly recognise violence as a critical public health and human rights concern among the general population; however, human rights violations against sex workers remain largely overlooked within international agendas on violence prevention and in human rights conventions. This chapter provides an overview of the global literature on violence against sex workers, other human rights violations, and drivers of elevated violence and rights inequities across settings. In addition to synthesising global research findings, this chapter features contributions and case studies from community partners in Asia Pacific. Guided by a structural determinants framework, and in recognising the right to live and work free from violence as a human right, this chapter provides an evidence base pertaining to violence against sex workers towards that informs the development of policy and public health interventions to uphold human rights among sex workers worldwide.
Patterns and Epidemiology of Illicit Drug Use Among Sex Workers Globally: A Systematic Review
Authors: Iversen Jenny , Long Pike , Lutnick Alexandra , Maher Lisa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroduction: Sex workers who use drugs represent two distinct populations, yet programmatic and policy responses are siloed and failed to acknowledge the ways in which populations overlap and needs intersect. Although prevalence of drug use among sex workers is believed to be higher than the general population, no published estimates of global prevalence exist. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of lifetime illicit drug use among sex workers overall, by gender (cis, transgender, and non-binary), and sub-region.Methods: We searched electronic databases for studies measuring the prevalence of illicit drug use among sex workers from the past decade [2009–2018]. Data were combined to generate pooled prevalence and associated 95% confidence intervals of lifetime use using a random effects model. Countries were categorised into geographic sub-regions, and sub-regional pooled estimates of lifetime use among female sex workers generated and mapped.Results: Among 86 studies in 46 countries, pooled prevalence of lifetime illicit drug use among sex workers was 35% (95% CI 30–41%). There was significant diversity (I2 > 90.0%, P < 0.01), and prevalence ranged from 1.2% to 84%. Most studies reported lifetime drug use among female sex workers (32 studies from 20 countries), and pooled prevalence in this sub-group was 29% (95% CI 24–34%). Insufficient data precluded generation of estimates for male and transgender sex workers.Conclusions: Our review identified significant gaps in data quality and availability. Future research in partnership with sex workers is necessary to explore the diversity of populations and contexts in which drug use and sex work intersect, inform more accurate estimates of prevalence, identify differences in risks and exposures, and guide the creation, implementation, and evaluation of programmes and services.
Criminalised Interactions with Law Enforcement and Impacts on Health and Safety in the Context of Different Legislative Frameworks Governing Sex Work Globally
Authors: Krüsi Andrea , D’Adamo Kate , Sernick Ariel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis chapter focuses on cis and trans sex workers’ experiences with law enforcement, and how various regimes of regulating sex work including full and partial criminalisation, legalisation, and decriminalisation shape the human rights and the work environments of sex workers globally including access to occupational health and safety, police protection, and legal recourse. Criminalisation and policing of sex work constitute forms of structural violence that perpetuate and exacerbate experiences of interpersonal violence and negative health outcomes among sex workers globally. Country spotlights from the global North and South provide examples of different regimes of regulation and draw attention to how laws and regulations interact with specific work environments in various settings to shape sex workers’ lived experiences of health, safety, and human rights. This chapter highlights how various approaches to criminalising and policing sex work undermine sex workers’ safety, health and human rights, including violence and poor health and concludes with an evidence-based call for the decriminalisation of sex work globally.