bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fracture-free probability and predictors of new symptomatic fractures in sandwich, ordinary-adjacent, and non-adjacent vertebrae: a vertebra-specific survival analysis
Authors: Liu Jin , Tang Jing , Gu Zuchao , Zhang Yu , Yu Shenghui , Liu Hao 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundIt is unclear whether the sandwich vertebra, is at higher risk of new symptomatic fractures (NSFs), and whether prophylactic augmentation might benefit patients with sandwich vertebrae.ObjectiveTo compare fracture-free probabilities of sandwich, ordinary-adjacent, and non-adjacent vertebrae, and identify predictors of NSFs.MethodsData were retrospectively analyzed for patients who had undergone vertebral augmentation resulting in sandwich vertebrae. NSF rates were determined and predictors were identified using Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsThe analysis included 1408 untreated vertebrae (147 sandwich, 307 ordinary-adjacent, 954 non-adjacent vertebrae) in 125 patients. NSFs involved 19 sandwich, 19 ordinary-adjacent, and 16 non-adjacent vertebrae. The NSF rate was significantly higher in the patients with sandwich vertebrae (27.2%) than among all patients (14.8%). At the vertebra-specific level, the NSFs rate was 12.9% for sandwich vertebrae, significantly higher than 6.2% for ordinary-adjacent and 1.7% for non-adjacent vertebrae. The corresponding fracture-free probabilities of sandwich, ordinary-adjacent, and non-adjacent vertebrae were 0.89, 0.95, and 0.99 at 1 year, and 0.85, 0.92, and 0.98 at 5 years (p<0.05). Cox modeling identified the following as predictors for occurrence of an NSF in a given vertebra: vertebra location, type of vertebrae, number of augmented vertebrae, and puncture method.ConclusionSandwich vertebrae are at higher risk of NSFs than ordinary-adjacent and non-adjacent vertebrae, and several NSF risk factors were identified. Since 85% of sandwich vertebrae are fracture-free for 5 years and NSF risk increases with the number of augmented vertebrae, prophylactic augmentation of every sandwich vertebra may be unnecessary.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on injury prevalence and pattern in the Washington, DC Metropolitan Region: a multicenter study by the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma, Washington, DC
Authors: Chodos Marc , Sarani Babak , Sparks Andrew , Bruns Brandon , Gupta Shailvi , Michetti Christopher P , Crane Joshua , Hall Erin , Trankiem Christine T , Abouassaly Chadi , Haut Elliott R , Etchill Eric , Kovler Mark L , Williams Mallory , Zeineddin Ahmad , Estroff Jordan 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching effects on healthcare systems and society with resultant impact on trauma systems worldwide. This study evaluates the impact the pandemic has had in the Washington, DC Metropolitan Region as compared with similar months in 2019.DesignA retrospective multicenter study of all adult trauma centers in the Washington, DC region was conducted using trauma registry data between January 1, 2019 and May 31, 2020. March 1, 2020 through May 31, 2020 was defined as COVID-19, and January 1, 2019 through February 28, 2020 was defined as pre-COVID-19. Variables examined include number of trauma contacts, trauma admissions, mechanism of injury, Injury Severity Score, trauma center location (urban vs. suburban), and patient demographics.ResultsThere was a 22.4% decrease in the overall incidence of trauma during COVID-19 compared with a 3.4% increase in trauma during pre-COVID-19. Blunt mechanism of injury decreased significantly during COVID-19 (77.4% vs. 84.9%, p<0.001). There was no change in the specific mechanisms of fall from standing, blunt assault, and motor vehicle crash. The proportion of trauma evaluations for penetrating trauma increased significantly during COVID-19 (22.6% vs. 15.1%, p<0.001). Firearm-related and stabbing injury mechanisms both increased significantly during COVID-19 (11.8% vs. 6.8%, p<0.001; 9.2%, 6.9%, p=0.002, respectively).Conclusions and relevanceThe overall incidence of trauma has decreased since the arrival of COVID-19. However, there has been a significant rise in penetrating trauma. Preparation for future pandemic response should include planning for an increase in trauma center resource utilization from penetrating trauma.Level of evidenceEpidemiological, level III.
Production performance and oxidative stability of milk enriched with n-3 fatty acids in Holstein cows fed flaxseed meal
Authors: Rico D.E. , Gervais R. , Schwebel L. , Lebeuf Y. , Chouinard P.Y. 
Published: January 2021

Six Holstein cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin Square design to investigate the effect of flaxseed meal on production performance and oxidative stability of milk enriched with n-3 fatty acids. Flaxseed oil was abomasally infused to all cows at 243 g·d−1 which increased milk concentration of α-linolenic acid from 3.08 (pretrial) up to 53.0 mg·g−1 fat. On a dry matter basis, dietary treatments were canola meal (CM; 165 g·kg−1), flaxseed meal (FM; 165 g·kg−1), and CM (165 g·kg−1) + vitamin E (VE; 300 IU·kg−1). Pre-planned contrasts were CM vs. FM and VE vs. FM. No difference was observed on dry matter intake, milk production, and yield of milk protein, and lactose for any of the contrasts evaluated. However, fat yield tended to be lower with FM relative to CM but was not different from VE. Milk enterolactone concentration was 6.8-fold greater with FM than with CM, whereas milk tocopherol was increased by 3.4-fold with VE relative to FM. Increased concentrations of enterolactone or tocopherol were not efficient to significantly modify the time course of appearance of propanal, hexanal, hept-cis-4-enal, and 1-octen-3-one in milk during storage evaluated for 10 d at 4 °C.
Toward charged $$Z_{cs}(3985)$$ structure under a reflection mechanism
Authors: Wang Jun-Zhang , Zhou Qin-Song , Liu Xiang , Matsuki Takayuki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVery recently, the BESIII Collaboration reported a charged hidden-charm structure with strangeness in the recoil mass of $$K^+$$

K
+

of a process $$e^+e^-\rightarrow D_s^{*-}D^0K^+$$

e
+

e
-

→

D
s

∗
-

D
0

K
+

or $$D_s^{-}D^{*0}K^+$$

D
s
-

D

∗
0

K
+

, which is named as $$Z_{cs}(3985)^{-}$$

Z

cs

(
3985
)

-

. The newly observed charged structure can be treated as a partner structure with strangeness of well-known $$Z_{c}(3885)^{-}$$

Z
c

(
3885
)

-

reported in a process $$e^+e^-\rightarrow D^{*-}D^0\pi ^+$$

e
+

e
-

→

D

∗
-

D
0

π
+

. In this work, we propose a reflection picture to understand the nature of $$Z_{cs}(3985)$$

Z

cs

(
3985
)

. By performing a combined analysis for the line shape of the recoil mass distribution of $$K^+$$

K
+

at five energy points $$\sqrt{s}=4.628, 4.641, 4.661, 4.681, 4.698$$

s

=
4.628
,
4.641
,
4.661
,
4.681
,
4.698

GeV, we find that the $$Z_{cs}(3985)$$

Z

cs

(
3985
)

can be explained as a reflection structure of charmed-strange meson $$D_{s2}^{*}(2573)$$

D

s
2

∗

(
2573
)

, which is produced from the open-charm decay of Y(4660) with a $$D_s^*$$

D
s
∗

meson. Furthermore, we predicted the angular distribution of final state $$D_s^{*-}$$

D
s

∗
-

in process $$e^+e^-\rightarrow D_s^{*-}D^0K^+$$

e
+

e
-

→

D
s

∗
-

D
0

K
+

based on our proposed reaction mechanism, which may be an essential criterion to test the non-resonant nature of $$Z_{cs}(3985)$$

Z

cs

(
3985
)

further.
Direct Seamless Parametrization
Authors: Levi Zohar 
Published: January 2021

We present a method for seamless surface parametrization. Recent popular methods first generate a cross-field, where curvature is concentrated at singular vertices. Next, in a separate step, the surface is laid out in the domain subject to derived seamlessness constraints. This decoupling of the process into two independent problems, each with its own objective, leads to suboptimal results. In contrast, our method solves both problems together using domain variables.
The key ingredient to the robustness of our method is a rounding strategy based on local estimation. The insight is that testing a small patch to decide between two likely possibilities is a good estimator.
Most distortion measures can be used with our method, which get minimized consistently throughout the pipeline. Our method also enables feature alignment, as well as alignment to principle curvatures, and isotropic and anisotropic scaling.
CRD-733, a Novel PDE9 (Phosphodiesterase 9) Inhibitor, Reverses Pressure Overload–Induced Heart Failure
Authors: Richards Daniel A. , Aronovitz Mark J. , Liu Peiwen , Martin Gregory L. , Tam Kelly , Pande Suchita , Karas Richard H. , Bloomfield Daniel M. , Mendelsohn Michael E. , Blanton Robert M. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Augmentation of NP (natriuretic peptide) receptor and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling has emerged as a therapeutic strategy in heart failure (HF). cGMP-specific PDE9 (phosphodiesterase 9) inhibition increases cGMP signaling and attenuates stress-induced hypertrophic heart disease in preclinical studies. A novel cGMP-specific PDE9 inhibitor, CRD-733, is currently being advanced in human clinical studies. Here, we explore the effects of chronic PDE9 inhibition with CRD-733 in the mouse transverse aortic constriction pressure overload HF model.

Methods:

Adult male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to transverse aortic constriction and developed significant left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy after 7 days (
P
<0.001). Mice then received daily treatment with CRD-733 (600 mg/kg per day; n=10) or vehicle (n=17), alongside sham-operated controls (n=10).

Results:

CRD-733 treatment reversed existing LV hypertrophy compared with vehicle (
P
<0.001), significantly improved LV ejection fraction (
P
=0.009), and attenuated left atrial dilation (
P
<0.001), as assessed by serial echocardiography. CRD-733 prevented elevations in LV end diastolic pressures (
P
=0.037) compared with vehicle, while lung weights, a surrogate for pulmonary edema, were reduced to sham levels. Chronic CRD-733 treatment increased plasma cGMP levels compared with vehicle (
P
<0.001), alongside increased phosphorylation of Ser
273
of cardiac myosin binding protein-C, a cGMP-dependent protein kinase I phosphorylation site.

Conclusions:
The PDE9 inhibitor, CRD-733, improves key hallmarks of HF including LV hypertrophy, LV dysfunction, left atrial dilation, and pulmonary edema after pressure overload in the mouse transverse aortic constriction HF model. Additionally, elevated plasma cGMP may be used as a biomarker of target engagement. These findings support future investigation into the therapeutic potential of CRD-733 in human HF.
Early-but Not Late-Onset Hypertension Is Related to Midlife Cognitive Function
Authors: Suvila Karri , Lima Joao A.C. , Yano Yuichiro , Tan Zaldy S. , Cheng Susan , Niiranen Teemu J. 
Published: January 2021

Hypertension is related to increased risk of cognitive decline in a highly age-dependent manner. However, conflicting evidence exists on the relation between age of hypertension onset and cognition. Our goal was to investigate the association between early- versus late-onset hypertension and midlife cognitive performance in 2946 CARDIA study (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) participants (mean age 55±4, 57% women). The participants underwent 9 repeat examinations, including blood pressure measurements, between 1985 to 1986 and 2015 to 2016. The participants underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging and completed Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Stroop interference test, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment to evaluate cognitive function at the year 30 exam. We assessed the relation between age of hypertension onset and cognitive function using linear regression models adjusted for cognitive decline risk factors, including systolic blood pressure. We observed that individuals with early-onset hypertension (onset at <35 years) had 0.24±0.09, 0.22±0.10, 0.27±0.09, and 0.19±0.07 lower standardized Z-scores in Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Stroop test, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and a composite cognitive score than participants without hypertension (
P
<0.05 for all). In contrast, hypertension onset at ≥35 years was not associated with cognitive function (
P
>0.05 for all). In a subgroup of 559 participants, neither early- nor late-onset hypertension was related to macrostructural brain alterations (
P
>0.05 for all). Our results indicate that early-onset hypertension is a potent risk factor for midlife cognitive impairment. Thus, age of hypertension onset assessment in clinical practice could improve risk stratification of cognitive decline in patients with hypertension.
Bitenosh’s Orgasm, Galen’s Two Seeds and Conception Theory in the Hebrew Bible
Authors: Quick Laura 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the Genesis Apocryphon, Lamech worries that his son is illegitimate and accordingly confronts his wife about her fidelity. Bitenosh answers these accusations with a surprising response: she asks her husband to recall the sexual pleasure that she experienced during their intercourse. Scholars have clarified this rhetorical strategy by connecting the episode to Greco-Roman theories of embryogenesis, in which a woman’s pleasure during intercourse was taken to indicate conception. While this provides a convincing explanation for Bitenosh’s argumentation, in this essay I argue that rather than deriving these ideas from the Greco-Roman world, the conception theory which informed the Genesis Apocryphon is in fact consistent with notions that can already be found in the Hebrew Bible and the wider ancient Near East. By exploring the concept of conception in biblical and ancient Near Eastern texts, I uncover a belief in the necessity for female pleasure during intercourse as well as the existence of female “seed.” These ancient authors were able to develop and promote significant reflections upon medical issues such as conception, and this is recalled in Bitenosh’s speech. This essay therefore has significant implications for understanding concepts of sex and conception in the Genesis Apocryphon, as well as in the Hebrew Bible and the wider ancient Near East more generally.
Afterword
Authors: Reindl-Kiel Hedda 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paper questions the function of the anti-Ottoman approach that, until recently, prevailed in Southeastern European historiography. This mindset and its concomitant attitudes were steps in nation building. A short comparison of the Ottoman social system with the social structures of countries in the region that did not come under direct Ottoman rule shows only minor differences. Thus, the adoption of Ottoman cultural practices including material culture was not a difficult choice. At the same time, we see individuals and whole groups whose lifestyles were oriented toward the West. Changing eating habits serve as an illustration for this phenomenon.
Garments, Signatures, and Ottoman Self-Fashioning in the Imperial Periphery: Moldavian Voyvode Ştefan Tomşa II and Ottomanization in the Early Seventeenth Century
Authors: Wasiucionek Michał 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paper examines the strategies of self-representation pursued by Moldavian Voyvode Ștefan Tomșa II (r. 1611-1615, 1621-1623). From his ascension to the throne, Tomșa faced accusations of wholesale adoption of Ottoman customs and fashion, and even conversion to Islam. While Romanian scholars have largely dismissed these claims as a product of hostile propaganda, the paper argues that—while remaining an Orthodox Christian—the voyvode deliberately emphasized his affinity to the Ottoman cultural idiom and presented himself to his subjects as a member of the Ottoman ruling class. By examining the nexus between Tomșa’s career, material objects he commissioned, and chancery innovations during his reign, the paper looks into the process of Christian Ottomanization in the Danubian principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia.
France in the Levant: Trade and Immaterial Circulations in the “Long Eighteenth Century”
Authors: Celetti David 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The article analyzes aspects of French trade in the Levant during the eighteenth century by tracing the link between commercial exchange, institutions, and socio-cultural interaction within the system of French échelles in the Eastern Mediterranean. As the paper argues, this trade not only acquired a primary relevance within Ottoman and French economies but also created institutional and social interdependencies that prefigured nineteenth-century developments. The study discusses how economic, institutional, and social aspects are highly intertwined, each of them playing a core role in explaining the relevance of the French presence in the Early Modern Eastern Mediterranean.
Pandering for the Greater Good? Senate, People, and Politics in Cicero’s de lege agraria 1 and 2
Authors: Krostenko Brian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Cicero’s first speeches as consul, de lege agraria I and II, delivered to the senate and the people respectively, are virtually identical in outline and broad argument. That allows the rhetorical technique of individual sections to be compared closely. This article uses such comparisons to probe the tactics and ideology of the speeches. In both Cicero’s choice of word and phrase might suggest that he is simply addressing his audiences as suits their stations. But a consideration of the circumstances of the speeches reveals instead that Cicero is directing his audiences to alternate ways of imagining their social and political positions; in effect, Cicero propounds distinct, principled, and communalist definitions of dignitas and libertas, core values of each audience – though sometimes at the price of distorting the intent of the bill.
Usability of Urban Local Body Websites and Service Quality of E-services
Authors: Doctor Gayatri , Samuel Mercy , Christian Perez , Baradi Manvita 
Published: January 2021

Developments in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) field have brought a significant change in the way citizens can interact with their governments. Traditional governance has been digitalised to what we now know as ‘e-governance’. E-government investments in India had seen a ‘ten-fold increase’ in 2015 with the launch of the Digital India Mission as compared to previous years. Despite this, in 2018, an e-government survey by the United Nations, India’s E-government Development Index (EGDI) was 0.5669, just above the world average of 0.55. As digital literacy is becoming increasingly common in India, along with falling data prices, increasing smartphone and mobile usage, the spotlight of e-government should focus on the usability and quality of its services and platforms. This article measures the usability of the Municipal or Urban Local Body (ULB) websites and the service quality of its e-services. Separate evaluation frameworks are used to measure the usability of the municipal e-government websites of four Indian cities as well as the service quality of the four most commonly used citizen services, viz. complaint registration, payment of property tax, payment of professional taxes and birth/death registration. For this, a thorough study of existent literature on the subject, comprehensive study of the selected websites and discussions with domain experts have been conducted by the authors. The article also discusses some qualitative issues on the usability of these websites and services that were observed during the evaluation process.
Normocalcemic and Normohormonal Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Laboratory Values and End‐Organ Effects
Authors: Hollowoa Blake R. , Spencer Horace J. , Stack Brendan C. 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveVariants of primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT), described as normocalcemic (NC) and normohormonal (NH), can confuse the diagnosis of classic pHPT.Data SourcesA MEDLINE search was performed for variants of pHPT using the PubMed database (last queried October 2019).Review MethodsThe search was restricted to articles published after 1960 that were specific to humans. Studies were included in our analysis if laboratory values and incidence of end‐organ involvement were reported for NCpHPT and NHpHPT variants. The search returned 189 articles; 27 additional studies were identified and included for a total of 216. Non‐English‐language studies were excluded. Abstracts were screened, full‐text articles were then assessed, and 82 articles were excluded. Data were pooled using a random‐effects model in studies that compared NC or NH pHPT to classic pHPT. Comparative laboratory values are presented.ConclusionThis analysis compares NCpHPT and NHpHPT to classic pHPT. Nephrolithiasis was 21.7% (NCpHPT), 15.9% (classic pHPT), and 25.4% (NHpHPT). Decreased bone mineral density was 49.7% (NCpHPT), 39.7% (classic pHPT), and 40.3% (NHpHPT). Fractures in the NCpHPT group were not significantly different from the classic pHPT. Hypertension in the NCpHPT group was significantly less than classic pHPT (odds ratio, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.40‐0.88).Implications for Clinical PracticeThis information may serve to inform clinicians of the laboratory subtleties of these variants that are being seen with greater frequency in contemporary practice.
Determining the Odds of Difficult Airway Resolution Among Pediatric Patients: A Case Series
Authors: Kiss Edgar Erold , Olomu Patrick , Johnson Romaine F. 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveWe sought to determine the patient factors that contribute to the improvement and resolution of difficult airways in pediatric patients.Study DesignThe hospital’s Multidisciplinary Airway Registry Committee was created in November 2006 to develop a process for recognition and management of children with difficult airways. A database of these patients is actively maintained, allowing for statistical data analysis.SettingThe tertiary care hospital system consists of 2 campuses serving the indigent pediatric population of the greater Dallas metropolitan area and performs an average of 40,000 anesthetic encounters per year.MethodsWe examined the data from a difficult airway database from a major tertiary care pediatric hospital to determine patient factors that led to airway improvement over time. Patients enrolled in the registry from November 2006 to October 2019 due to difficulties with intubation or mask ventilation were studied through statistical analysis.ResultsA total of 579 patients were identified. The Kaplan‐Meier estimate of the 5‐year deactivation rate was 14%. The most common reason for deactivation in our cohort was resolution of the difficult airway as defined by direct laryngoscopy Cormack and Lehane grade I or IIa/IIb, easy mask ventilation or laryngeal mask placement, or resolution of subglottic stenosis.ConclusionAdvancing age and male sex at the time of enrollment were the most important predictors of an airway remaining difficult.