bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal analysis of axial length growth in a German cohort of healthy children and adolescents
Authors: Truckenbrod Carolin , Meigen Christof , Brandt Manuela , Vogel Mandy , Sanz Diez Pablo , Wahl Siegfried , Jurkutat Anne , Kiess Wieland 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeTo generate continuous growth curves for axial length (AL) in German children. We hypothesise that percentile curves of AL can be used as a predictive measure of myopia.MethodsIn this longitudinal and cross‐sectional LIFE Child Study, children’s non‐cycloplegic refraction data was collected using the Zeiss i.Profiler plus while AL was measured using the Haag‐Streit Lenstar. Reference growth curves were estimated as a continuous non‐parametric function of age.ResultsData from 4511 visits of 1965 participants (1021 boys and 944 girls) between 3 and 18 years of age were analysed. For all ages and percentiles, the estimated AL was higher in boys than girls. AL differences between boys and girls were most pronounced in the 98th percentile at 3 years of age, being 0.93 mm longer eyes in boys. This difference decreased to 0.21 mm at 18 years of age. While the lower percentiles of AL reach their final value around age 13, the 50th percentile was still increasing by 0.05 mm per year until the end of the observation period. While, in general, children with longer eyes are more likely to develop myopia, this relationship is weaker between the ages of 5 and 8.ConclusionThe LIFE Child Study data provides European AL data. In both Germany and China, AL has comparable growth rates when the baseline ALs are compared as percentiles. Thus, percentile curves of AL can be used as a predictive measure for the likelihood of developing as well as the progression of myopia.
Endosidin20‐1 is more potent than endosidin20 in inhibiting plant cellulose biosynthesis and molecular docking analysis of cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors on modeled cellulose synthase structure
Authors: Huang Lei , Li Xiaohui , Zhang Chunhua 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARYEndosidin20 (ES20) is a recently identified cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor (CBI) that targets the catalytic site of plant cellulose synthase (CESA). Here, we screened over 600 ES20 analogs and identified nine active analogs named ES20‐1 to ES20‐9. Among these, endosidin20‐1 (ES20‐1) had stronger inhibitory effects on plant growth and cellulose biosynthesis than ES20. At the biochemical level, we demonstrated that ES20‐1, like ES20, directly interacts with CESA6. At the cellular level, this molecule, like ES20, induced the accumulation of cellulose synthase complexes at the Golgi apparatus and inhibited their secretion to the plasma membrane. Like ES20, ES20‐1 likely targets the catalytic site of CESA. However, through molecular docking analysis using a modeled structure of full‐length CESA6, we found that both ES20 and ES20‐1 might have another target site at the transmembrane regions of CESA6. Besides ES20, other CBIs such as isoxaben, C17, and flupoxam are widely used tools to dissect the mechanism of cellulose biosynthesis and are also valuable resources for the development of herbicides. Here, based on mutant genetic analysis and molecular docking analysis, we have identified the potential target sites of these CBIs on a modeled CESA structure. Some bacteria also produce cellulose, and both ES20 and ES20‐1 inhibited bacterial cellulose biosynthesis. Therefore, we conclude that ES20‐1 is a more potent analog of ES20 that inhibits intrinsic cellulose biosynthesis in plants, and both ES20 and ES20‐1 show an inhibitory effect on bacterial growth and cellulose synthesis, making them excellent tools for exploring the mechanisms of cellulose biosynthesis across kingdoms.
Prognostic indicators at presentation for canine parvoviral enteritis: 322 cases (2001‐2018)
Authors: Chalifoux Nolan V. , Parker Sarah E. , Cosford Kevin L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate clinicopathological prognostic indicators associated with survival based on hematology and serum biochemistry profile findings at presentation of dogs with canine parvoviral enteritis (CPE). Secondary objectives were to describe the signalment, history, physical examination findings, and progression of disease while in hospital and correlate them to survival.DesignRetrospective study from medical records of dogs diagnosed with CPE between 2001 and 2018.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsThree hundred twenty‐two dogs diagnosed with CPE that received in‐hospital treatment.InterventionsNone.Measurements and main resultsOf 322 hospitalized dogs, 294 dogs (91%) survived infection with a median hospitalization time of 79 hours. Multivariable analysis showed that glucose (P = 0.04), total magnesium (P = 0.011), and the dichotomized variable of a low HCT (P = 0.033) on presentation were significantly associated with survival. For every 1 mmol/L (18 mg/dL) decrease in glucose concentration, cases had 1.85 lower odds of survival. For every 0.1 mmol/L (0.2 mEq/L) increase in total magnesium concentration, cases had 2.50 lower odds of survival. Cases with a low HCT had 10.69 lower odds of survival. On univariable analyses, non‐survivors had a lower median body weight (P = 0.006) and presented more commonly for diarrhea (P = 0.015). At least 1 episode of diarrhea (P = 0.003) and hematochezia or melena (P < 0.001) in hospital were negatively associated with outcome, in addition to the persistence of diarrhea (P = 0.026) and hyporexia (P = 0.018) in hospital for 5 to 6 days.ConclusionsSurvival rates of 91% were achieved with in‐hospital treatment in this cohort of dogs. Negative biochemical prognostic indicators affecting survival include a low HCT, decreased blood glucose concentrations, and increased total serum magnesium concentrations at presentation.
Women’s attitudes to the use of AI image readers: a case study from a national breast screening programme
Authors: Lennox-Chhugani Niamh , Chen Yan , Pearson Veronica , Trzcinski Bernadette , James Jonathan 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundResearchers and developers are evaluating the use of mammogram readers that use artificial intelligence (AI) in clinical settings.ObjectivesThis study examines the attitudes of women, both current and future users of breast screening, towards the use of AI in mammogram reading.MethodsWe used a cross-sectional, mixed methods study design with data from the survey responses and focus groups. We researched in four National Health Service hospitals in England. There we approached female workers over the age of 18 years and their immediate friends and family. We collected 4096 responses.ResultsThrough descriptive statistical analysis, we learnt that women of screening age (≥50 years) were less likely than women under screening age to use technology apps for healthcare advice (likelihood ratio=0.85, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.89, p<0.001). They were also less likely than women under screening age to agree that AI can have a positive effect on society (likelihood ratio=0.89, 95% CI 0.84 to 0.95, p<0.001). However, they were more likely to feel positive about AI used to read mammograms (likelihood ratio=1.09, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.17, p=0.009).Discussion and ConclusionsWomen of screening age are ready to accept the use of AI in breast screening but are less likely to use other AI-based health applications. A large number of women are undecided, or had mixed views, about the use of AI generally and they remain to be convinced that it can be trusted.
Assessing the relationship between parental imprisonment in childhood and risk of sexually transmitted infections: a cohort study of US adults in early adulthood
Authors: Roettger Michael , Houle Brian 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesOne in six young adults in the USA experiences parental imprisonment in childhood. Prior studies have associated parental imprisonment with risk of sexually transmitted infection (STI); however, potential data and methodological issues may have limited the reliability and accuracy of prior findings. Examining cumulative and longitudinal risk, we address several methodological limitations of prior studies and also examine comparative risk by respondent sex and ethnicity. We assess these associations using a range of control variables.DesignA national cohort study from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health using (1) a cross-sectional sample of adults at ages 24–32 years and (2) a longitudinal sample between ages 18 and 32 years. Both analyses estimate ORs for STI associated with parental imprisonment and examine variation by parent/child gender and respondent ethnicity.SettingIn-home interviews in the USA at wave 1 (1994–1995), wave 3 (2001–2003) and wave 4 (2007–2009).Participants15 684 respondents completing interviews at wave 1 (ages 12–18 years) and wave 4 (ages 26–32 years), including 8556 women, 3437 black and 2397 respondents reporting parental imprisonment.ResultsFather-only imprisonment is associated with 1.22 higher odds (95% CI: 1.09 to 1.37) of lifetime STI and 1.19 higher odds (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.41) of STI in the past 12 months between ages 18 and 32 years, adjusting for familial, neighbourhood, individual and sexual risk factors. Maternal imprisonment is not associated with higher risk of lifetime STI after adjusting for confounders (95% CI: 0.90 to 1.61). Examining predicted probabilities of STI, our findings show additive risks for women, black people and parental imprisonment.ConclusionAdjusting for confounders, only paternal imprisonment is associated with slightly elevated risk of annual and lifetime risk of STI. Additive effects show that parental imprisonment modestly increases ethnic and female risk for STI.
mCARE, a digital health intervention package on pregnancy surveillance and care-seeking reminders from 2018 to 2027 in Bangladesh: a model-based cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Jo Youngji , LeFevre Amnesty Elizabeth , Ali Hasmot , Mehra Sucheta , Alland Kelsey , Shaikh Saijuddin , Haque Rezwanul , Pak Esther Semee , Chowdhury Mridul , Labrique Alain B 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveWe estimated the cost-effectiveness of a digital health intervention package (mCARE) for community health workers, on pregnancy surveillance and care-seeking reminders compared with the existing paper-based status quo, from 2018 to 2027, in Bangladesh.InterventionsThe mCARE programme involved digitally enhanced pregnancy surveillance, individually targeted text messages and in-person home-visit to pregnant women for care-seeking reminders for antenatal care, child delivery and postnatal care.Study designWe developed a model to project population and service coverage increases with annual geographical expansion (from 1 million to 10 million population over 10 years) of the mCARE programme and the status quo.Major outcomesFor this modelling study, we used Lives Saved Tool to estimate the number of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) that would be averted by 2027, if the coverage of health interventions was increased in mCARE programme and the status quo, respectively. Economic costs were captured from a societal perspective using an ingredients approach and expressed in 2018 US dollars. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was undertaken to account for parameter uncertainties.ResultsWe estimated the mCARE programme to avert 3076 deaths by 2027 at an incremental cost of $43 million relative to the status quo, which is translated to $462 per DALY averted. The societal costs were estimated to be $115 million for mCARE programme (48% of which are programme costs, 35% user costs and 17% provider costs). With the continued implementation and geographical scaling-up, the mCARE programme improved its cost-effectiveness from $1152 to $462 per DALY averted from 5 to 10 years.ConclusionMobile phone-based pregnancy surveillance systems with individually scheduled text messages and home-visit reminder strategies can be highly cost-effective in Bangladesh. The cost-effectiveness may improve as it promotes facility-based child delivery and achieves greater programme cost efficiency with programme scale and sustainability.
Identifying multimorbidity patterns of non-communicable diseases in paediatric inpatients: a cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China
Authors: Chen Ning , Zhou Liang , Huang Jiaoling , Yu Wenya , Chen Chen , Jin Hua , Shi Xiaoxiao , Yu Zhaohu , Liu Qian , Yang Yan , Wang Zhaoxin , Shi Jianwei 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesTo enhance the understanding of non-communicable disease (NCD) multimorbidity in children who are inpatients by delineating the characteristics of and identifying patterns among paediatric inpatients with multimorbidity in China.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingPaediatric wards (n=17) in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China.ParticipantsA total of 193 432 paediatric inpatients in the electronic health record systems of 17 hospitals from 2011 to 2016 participated in the study, and 91 004 children with NCDs were extracted and classified based on International Classification of Diseases, 10th version codes.Main outcome measuresNumber of the NCDs and multimorbidity patterns of the paediatric inpatients.ResultsIn total, 47.05% (95% CI 46.83 to 47.27) of the paediatric inpatients had one or more chronic diseases, and 16.30% (95% CI 16.14 to 16.46) had multimorbidity. Congenital anomalies accounted for 19.43% (95% CI 19.25 to 19.61) of the principal diagnoses among the paediatric inpatients. Five common multimorbidity patterns were identified: a neurological-respiratory cluster, a neurological-respiratory-ear cluster, a cardiovascular-circulatory cluster, a genitourinary cluster (boy group) and a musculoskeletal-connective cluster (10–18 years age group).ConclusionsMultimorbidity in paediatric inpatients suggests that decisions about reasonable allocation of paediatric inpatient resources should be fully considered. Multimorbidity patterns in paediatric inpatients revealed that prevention, including innovative treatments targeting children, should be further studied.
Participation of young children with developmental disabilities: parental needs and strategies, a qualitative thematic analysis
Authors: Coussens Marieke , Vitse Floris , Desoete Annemie , Vanderstraeten Guy , Van Waelvelde Hilde , Van de Velde Dominique 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesParticipation refers to a person’s involvement in activities and roles that provide interaction with others as well as engagement in family and community activities. Young children with developmental disabilities (DD) such as attention deficit hyperactive disorder, autism spectrum disorder and developmental coordination disorder are limited in their participation compared with their typically developing peers. This study aimed to obtain information regarding parental needs and strategies used to enable their child’s participation.DesignA thematic inductive approach with in-depth interviews was used to explore parental experiences. Eleven women and two men, between 30 and 40 years of age, who had a child (4–9 years old) with a DD diagnosis based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria, participated in semistructured interviews.ResultsTwo central themes emerged: parental needs and parental strategies used to enable their child’s participation. Parental needs were the following: increasing awareness, ameliorating parental burden, providing tailored interventions and supporting parents in finding suitable leisure activities. Parental strategies aimed at increasing their child’s resiliency, attaining maximal fit between activity requirements and child capacity, and creating inclusive opportunities and awareness.ConclusionsUnderstanding what families’ needs are and how families use and integrate strategies within the context of their daily lives provides practitioners with insights needed to support families’ resiliency in promoting their children’s participation. The results have implications for professionals as this information can be used to inform, refine, or tailor participation-based and family-centred services.
Effect of weekly teriparatide injections on osteoporotic fracture healing: protocol for a double-blind, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zhu Junxiong , Zhang Chenggui , Jia Jialin , Yuan Wanqiong , Zhang Min , Leng Huijie , Song Chunli 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionBoth animal studies and clinical trials have shown that daily parathyroid hormone administration promotes bone fracture healing. We previously found that weekly injections of the recombinant human parathyroid hormone teriparatide at a dosage of 20 μg/kg promoted tibial fracture healing to the same extent as daily injections of teriparatide at a dosage of 10 μg/kg in a rodent model. However, the effect of weekly teriparatide administration on human fracture healing is unreported. This protocol describes a randomised controlled clinical trial designed to evaluate whether weekly administration of teriparatide accelerates fracture repair in humans.Methods and analysisThis single-centre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial will be conducted in Peking University Third Hospital. Eligible patients with Colles’ fracture incurred within 48 hours will be randomly divided into two groups (n=40 per group) that will receive 14 weekly subcutaneous injections of either saline or teriparatide (40 μg/week). The primary outcome will be the time taken to achieve radiographic healing, as assessed using the modified radiographic union scale for tibial fractures. The secondary outcomes will be functional assessments, including the self-administered Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation questionnaire, grip strength and rate of fracture non-union.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the Peking University Third Hospital Medical Science Research Ethics Committee (M2020207). The findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberNCT04473989: protocol version: 1.
Randomised clinical trial for the cost–utility evaluation of two strategies of perineal reconstruction after abdominoperineal resection in the context of anorectal carcinoma: biological mesh repair versus primary perineal wound closure, study protocol for the GRECCAR 9 Study
Authors: Buscail Etienne , Canivet Cindy , Ghouti Laurent , Kirzin Sylvain , Carrere Nicolas , Molinier Laurent , Rosillo Aline , Lauwers-Cances Valerie , Costa Nadège 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionAbdominoperineal resections performed for anorectal tumours leave a large pelvic and perineal defect causing a high rate of morbidity of the perineal wound (40%–60%). Biological meshes offer possibilities for new standards of perineal wound reconstruction. Perineal fillings with biological mesh are expected to increase quality of life by reducing perineal morbidity.Methods and analysisThis is a multicentre, randomised and single-blinded study with a blinded endpoint evaluation, the experimental arm of which uses a biological mesh and the control arm of which is defined by the primary closure after abdominoperineal resection for cancer. Patients eligible for inclusion are patients with a proven history of rectal adenocarcinoma and anal canal epidermoid carcinoma for whom abdominoperineal resection was indicated after a multidisciplinary team discussion. All patients must have social security insurance or equivalent social protection. The main objective is to assess the incremental cost–utility ratio (ICUR) of two strategies of perineal closure after an abdominoperineal resection performed for anorectal cancer treatment: perineal filling with biological mesh versus primary perineal closure (70 patient in each arm). The secondary objectives focus on quality of life and morbidity data during a 1-year follow-up. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses will be performed in order to estimate the uncertainty surrounding the ICUR. CIs will be constructed using the non-parametric bootstrap approach. A cost-effectiveness acceptability curve will be built so as to estimate the probability of efficiency of the biological meshes given a collective willingness-to-pay threshold.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board of ‘Nord Ouest 1’ (protocol reference number: 20.05.14.60714; national number: 2020-A01169-30).The results will be disseminated through conventional scientific channels.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT02841293).
Association between engagement in COVID-19-related work and depressive symptoms among hospital workers in a designated COVID-19 hospital in Japan: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Inoue Yosuke , Yamamoto Shohei , Fukunaga Ami , Hoang Dong Van , Miki Takako , Islam Zobida , Miyo Kengo , Ishii Masamichi , Ishiwari Hironori , Konishi Maki , Ohmagari Norio , Mizoue Tetsuya 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesTo examine whether engagement in COVID-19-related work was associated with an increased prevalence of depressive symptoms among the staff members working in a designated medical institution for COVID-19 in Tokyo, Japan.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingData were obtained from a health survey conducted in July 2020 among the staff members of a designated medical institution for COVID-19 in Tokyo, Japan.ParticipantsA total of 1228 hospital workers.Exposure of interestEngagement in COVID-19-related work (qualitatively (ie, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection at work or affiliation to related departments) as well as quantitatively (ie, working hours)) and job categories.Outcome measuresDepressive symptoms.ResultsThere was no significant association between depressive symptoms and engagement in work with potential exposure to SARS-CoV-2 or affiliation to COVID-19-related departments. However, working for longer hours in March/April, when Japan witnessed a large number of infected cases, was significantly associated with depressive symptoms (≥11 hours/day: prevalence ratio (PR)=1.45, 95% CI=1.06 to 1.99, compared with ≤8 hours/day). Nurses were more likely to exhibit depressive symptoms than did doctors (PR=1.70, 95% CI=1.14 to 2.54).ConclusionsThis study suggests that the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection at work or having an affiliation to related departments might not be linked with a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms among Japanese hospital workers; contrarily, long working hours appeared to increase the prevalence of depressive symptoms.