bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Particle Plume Velocities Extracted From High-Speed Thermograms Through Particle Image Velocimetry
Authors: Ortega Jesus D. , Anaya Guillermo , Vorobieff Peter , Ho Clifford K. , Mohan Gowtham 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements are commonly used to determine velocity fields from a flow, given that sufficient tracers can be added and tracked to determine their motion. While these types of measurements are typically completed using high-speed cameras to capture the trajectories of the tracer particles, the experiments performed at the University of New Mexico generated extensive time-resolved infrared temperature image (i.e. thermogram) sets of a free-falling particle curtain captured at 300 Hz. The camera used for such measurements was an ImageIR8300 high-speed IR camera which provides a resolution of 640 × 512. The thermogram sets acquired have been extensively analyzed with two commonly used commercial PIV analysis packages, DaVis and PIVlab. The comparison between the two software packages showed consistent velocity fields and contours, along with corresponding average velocity as functions of discharge position. As expected, the vertical velocity component of these gravity-driven curtains follows a trend that resembles a free-falling sphere rather than a falling sphere experiencing drag. The study also found that the discharge velocity showed negligible effects due to the inlet particle temperature of the curtain. These results will be applied to the development of a methodology to estimate the mass flow rate of particle curtain and plumes using a novel non-intrusive image correlation methodology.
Performance of Bio-Inspired Oscillating Hydrofoil Turbine; a Computational Fluid Dynamics Study
Authors: Osman Sameer , Mansour Esraa 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Renewable energy has seen significant growth in the past decades because it is sustainable, has no pollution effects, and not subject to oil or gas reserves. Hydroelectric power is the cheapest type of renewable energy worldwide, even though it had limited growth in the past decades. Oscillating-hydrofoil turbine is a new type of hydroelectric turbines operating in continuous streams of water currents. In this study, a two-dimensional, unsteady computational model was developed to predict the oscillating-hydrofoil turbine’s performance using different foil sections. This model was validated with the existing experimental data in the literature. Standard symmetric foil and non-standard foils that are bio-inspired from hummingbird wings were investigated for their impact on the turbine’s performance. Results for the lift, drag, and power coefficients for these foils were compared throughout the cycle to the NACA symmetric foil used previously. Results of the vorticity contours show that the leading-edge curvature of the foil has a significant effect on the formation of the leading-edge vortex, therefore, affecting the dynamic lift force. Furthermore, using bio-inspired foils with a slight camber, the unit’s power density and efficiency increased significantly during the upward lift stroke. However, the downward lift stroke was adversely affected, which introduced the suggestion of using two reversed foils in tandem operation to obtain maximum efficiency. The largest power coefficient was obtained for the NACA0015 foil, which was equal to 0.37, and the second-best was for the RAF-19 foil with a value of 0.368.
Upper and Lower Threshold Limit of Chilled and Condenser Water Temperature Set-Points During ANN Based Optimized Control
Authors: Yeon Sang Hun , Kang Won Hee , Lee Je Hyeon , Song Kwan Woo , Chae Young Tae , Lee Kwang Ho 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) based real-time predictive control and optimization algorithm for a chiller-based cooling system was developed and applied to an actual building to analyze its cooling energy saving effects through in-situ application and actual measurements. For this purpose, we set the cooling tower’s condenser water outlet temperature and the chiller’s chilled water outlet temperature as the system control variables. During the analysis, unexpected abnormal data were observed due to insufficient training data and a limited consideration of the outdoor air wet-bulb temperature when determining the condenser water temperature set-point. Therefore, it is necessary to build training data under a wide range of conditions and to set the condenser water temperature set-point lower limit to be outdoor air wet-bulb temperature +3.6°C in the outdoor wet-bulb temperature region above 23°C, so that further energy savings can be achieved.
Indicators of response to exercise training: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ardavani Arash , Aziz Hariz , Phillips Bethan E , Doleman Brett , Ramzan Imran , Mozaffar Boshra , Atherton Philip J , Idris Iskandar 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundMeans-based analysis of maximal rate of oxygen consumption (VO2max) has traditionally been used as the exercise response indicator to assess the efficacy of endurance (END), high intensity interval (HIIT) and resistance exercise training (RET) for improving cardiorespiratory fitness and whole-body health. However, considerable heterogeneity exists in the interindividual variability response to the same or different training modalities.ObjectivesWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate exercise response rates in the context of VO2max: (1) in each training modality (END, HIIT and RET) versus controls, (2) in END versus either HIIT or RET and (3) exercise response rates as measured by VO2maxversus other indicators of positive exercise response in each exercise modality.MethodsThree databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, CENTRAL) and additional sources were searched. Both individual response rate and population average data were incorporated through continuous data, respectively. Of 3268 identified manuscripts, a total of 29 studies were suitable for qualitative synthesis and a further 22 for quantitative. Stratification based on intervention duration (less than 12 weeks; more than or equal to 12 weeks) was undertaken.ResultsA total of 62 data points were procured. Both END and HIIT training exhibited differential improvements in VO2maxbased on intervention duration. VO2maxdid not adequately differentiate between END and HIIT, irrespective of intervention length. Although none of the other exercise response indicators achieved statistical significance, LT and HRrestdemonstrated common trajectories in pooled and separate analyses between modalities. RET data were highly limited. Heterogeneity was ubiquitous across all analyses.ConclusionsThe potential for LT and HRrestas indicators of exercise response requires further elucidation, in addition to the exploration of interventional and intrinsic sources of heterogeneity.
Development of a primary care pandemic plan informed by in-depth policy analysis and interviews with family physicians across Canada during COVID-19: a qualitative case study protocol
Authors: Mathews Maria , Spencer Sarah , Hedden Lindsay , Marshall Emily Gard , Lukewich Julia , Meredith Leslie , Ryan Dana , Buote Richard , Liu Tiffany , Volpe Emily , Gill Paul S , Ryan Bridget , Schacter Gordon , Wickett Jamie , Freeman Thomas R , Sibbald Shannon L , Wong Eric , McKay Maddi , McCracken Rita , Brown Judith Belle 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionGiven the recurrent risk of respiratory illness-based pandemics, and the important roles family physicians play during public health emergencies, the development of pandemic plans for primary care is imperative. Existing pandemic plans in Canada, however, do not adequately incorporate family physicians’ roles and perspectives. This policy and planning oversight has become increasingly evident with the emergence of the novel coronavirus disease, COVID-19, pandemic. This study is designed to inform the development of pandemic plans for primary care through evidence from four provinces in Canada: British Columbia, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, and Ontario.Methods and analysisWe will employ a multiple-case study of regions in four provinces. Each case consists of a mixed methods design which comprises: (1) a chronology of family physician roles in the COVID-19 pandemic response; (2) a provincial policy analysis; and (3) qualitative interviews with family physicians. Relevant policy and guidance documents will be identified through targeted, snowball and general search strategies. Additionally, these policy documents will be analysed to identify gaps and/or emphases in existing policies and policy responses. Interviews will explore family physicians’ proposed, actual and potential roles during the pandemic, the facilitators and barriers they have encountered throughout and the influence of gender on their professional roles. Data will be thematically analysed using a content analysis framework, first at the regional level and then through cross-case analyses.Ethics and disseminationApproval for this study has been granted by the Research Ethics of British Columbia, the Health Research Ethics Board of Newfoundland and Labrador, the Nova Scotia Health Authority Research Ethics Board and the Western University Research Ethics Board. Findings will be disseminated via conferences and peer-reviewed publications. Evidence and lessons learnt will be used to develop tools for government ministries, public health units and family physicians for improved pandemic response plans for primary care.
Prevalence and determinants of potentially inappropriate medication use in Hong Kong older patients: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Huanyu , Wong Eliza LY , Wong Samuel YS , Chau Patsy YK , Yip Benjamin HK , Chung Roger YN , Lee Eric KP , Lai Francisco TT , Yeoh Eng-Kiong 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use in Hong Kong older patients visiting general outpatient clinics (GOPCs) between 2006 and 2014 and to identify factors associated with PIM use among older adults visiting GOPCs in 2014.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingGOPC.ParticipantsTwo study samples were constructed including a total of 844 910 patients aged 65 and above from 2006 to 2014 and a cohort of 489 301 older patients in 2014.MeasurementsTwo subsets of the 2015 American Geriatrics Society Beers criteria—PIMs independent of diagnosis and PIMs due to drug–disease interactions—were used to estimate the prevalence of PIM use over 12 months. PIMs that were not included in the Hospital Authority drug formulary or with any specific restriction or exception in terms of indication, dose or therapy duration were excluded. Characteristics of PIM users and non-PIM users visiting GOPCs in 2014 were compared. Independent associations between patient variables and PIM use were assessed by stepwise multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe 12-month period prevalence of PIM use decreased from 55.56% (95% CI 55.39% to 55.72%) in 2006 to 47.51% (95% CI 47.37% to 47.65%) in 2014. In the multivariable regression analysis, the strongest factor associated with PIM use was the number of different drugs prescribed (adjusted OR, AOR 23.01, 95% CI 22.36 to 23.67). Being female (AOR 0.89, 95% CI 0.85 to 0.87 for males vs females) and having a greater number of GOPC visits (AOR 1.83, 95% CI 1.78 to 1.88) as well as more than six diagnoses (AOR 1.43, 95% CI 1.36 to 1.52) were associated with PIM use.ConclusionsThe overall prevalence of PIM use in older adults visiting GOPCs decreased from 2006 to 2014 in Hong Kong although the prevalence of PIM use was still high in 2014. Patients with female gender, a larger number of medications prescribed, more frequent visits to GOPCs, and more than six diagnoses were at higher risk for PIM use.
Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis—health-related quality of life: systematic review plus meta-analysis
Authors: Raoofi Samira , Pashazadeh Kan Fatemeh , Rafiei Sima , Hoseinipalangi Zahra , Rezaei Sepide , Ahmadi Saba , Masoumi Maryam , Noorani Mejareh Zahra , Roohravan Benis Mahshid , Sharifi Alireza , Shabaninejad Hosein , Kiaee Zahra Mansour , Ghashghaee Ahmad 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundPatients with end-stage renal disease undergoing haemodialysis experience a variety of stressors leading to decreased level of quality of life (QoL). Thus, in this study, we aimed to review the current literature and identify factors affecting the health-related QoL (HRQoL) in these patients.MethodsA total of 147 studies were extracted from databases of Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Embase published between January 2000 and December 2020. Data were analysed using R software and results were reported with reference to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses standards.ResultsA total of 623 728 patients undergoing dialysis participated in 147 studies in which QoL was assessed by means of two valid questionnaires, including Short-Form 36 (SF-36) and Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL)-short form V.1.3. Total HRQoL score for patients undergoing dialysis measured by KDQOL was 64.25 (95% CI 55.67 to 72.82). Based on SF-36, the mean score of mental health items was higher than the mean score of physical health condition. Furthermore, meta-regression based on the geographical place of residence revealed that the highest QoL in patients was observed in Japan, 66.96 (95% CI 63.65 to 70.28) and Brazil, 58.03 (95% CI 53.45 to 62.6).ConclusionStudies conducted on HRQoL among patients undergoing dialysis recommend useful strategies to clinicians, letting them assess patients’ QoL in terms of a wide range of physical, mental and environmental aspects.
What is the impact of head movement on automated CT perfusion mismatch evaluation in acute ischemic stroke?
Authors: Potreck Arne , Seker Fatih , Mutke Matthias Anthony , Weyland Charlotte Sabine , Herweh Christian , Heiland Sabine , Bendszus Martin , Möhlenbruch Markus 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesAutomated CT perfusion mismatch assessment is an established treatment decision tool in acute ischemic stroke. However, the reliability of this method in patients with head motion is unclear. We therefore sought to evaluate the influence of head movement on automated CT perfusion mismatch evaluation.MethodsUsing a realistic CT brain-perfusion-phantom, 7 perfusion mismatch scenarios were simulated within the left middle cerebral artery territory. Real CT noise and artificial head movement were added. Thereafter, ischemic core, penumbra volumes and mismatch ratios were evaluated using an automated mismatch analysis software (RAPID, iSchemaView) and compared with ground truth simulated values.ResultsWhile CT scanner noise alone had only a minor impact on mismatch evaluation, a tendency towards smaller infarct core estimates (mean difference of −5.3 (−14 to 3.5) mL for subtle head movement and −7.0 (−14.7 to 0.7) mL for strong head movement), larger penumbral estimates (+9.9 (−25 to 44) mL and +35 (−14 to 85) mL, respectively) and consequently larger mismatch ratios (+0.8 (−1.5 to 3.0) for subtle head movement and +1.9 (−1.3 to 5.1) for strong head movement) were noted in dependence of patient head movement.ConclusionsMotion during CT perfusion acquisition influences automated mismatch evaluation. Potentially treatment-relevant changes in mismatch classifications in dependence of head movement were observed and occurred in favor of mechanical thrombectomy.
Longitudinal assessment of lung clearance index to monitor disease progression in children and adults with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Horsley Alex R , Belcher John , Bayfield Katie , Bianco Brooke , Cunningham Steve , Fullwood Catherine , Jones Andrew , Shawcross Anna , Smith Jaclyn A , Maitra Anirban , Gilchrist Francis J 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundLung clearance index (LCI) is a valuable research tool in cystic fibrosis (CF) but clinical application has been limited by technical challenges and uncertainty about how to interpret longitudinal change. In order to help inform clinical practice, this study aimed to assess feasibility, repeatability and longitudinal LCI change in children and adults with CF with predominantly mild baseline disease.MethodsProspective, 3-year, multicentre, observational study of repeated LCI measurement at time of clinical review in patients with CF >5 years, delivered using a rapid wash-in system.Results112 patients completed at least one LCI assessment and 98 (90%) were still under follow-up at study end. The median (IQR) age was 14.7 (8.6–22.2) years and the mean (SD) FEV1 z-score was −1.2 (1.3). Of 81 subjects with normal FEV1 (>−2 z-scores), 63% had raised LCI (indicating worse lung function). For repeat stable measurements within 6 months, the mean (limits of agreement) change in LCI was 0.9% (−18.8% to 20.7%). A latent class growth model analysis identified four discrete clusters with high accuracy, differentiated by baseline LCI and FEV1. Baseline LCI was the strongest factor associated with longitudinal change. The median total test time was under 19 min.ConclusionsMost patients with CF with well-preserved lung function show stable LCI over time. Cluster behaviours can be identified and baseline LCI is a risk factor for future progression. These results support the use of LCI in clinical practice in identifying patients at risk of lung function decline.
Price promotion receipt and use progression of any tobacco, cigarettes, e-cigarettes and cigars among US youth between 2016 and 2018
Authors: Chen-Sankey Julia , Unger Jennifer B , Bernat Edward , Niederdeppe Jeff , Bansal-Travers Maansi , Choi Kelvin 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundTobacco price promotions may prompt tobacco trials among youth. We assessed whether receiving price promotions for any tobacco, cigarettes, e-cigarettes and cigars was associated with product use progression.MethodsThe analysis included a nationally representative sample of youth never tobacco users (aged 12–16; n=9405) from wave 4 (2016–2018) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. We assessed past-year receipt of price promotions and use progression (initiation, current use and ever regular use) for any tobacco, cigarettes, e-cigarettes and cigars 1 year later at wave 4.5 (2017–2018). Multivariable logistic regressions were used to examine the associations between receiving price promotions and use progression by product type, controlling for covariates.ResultsAt wave 4.5, 9.4% of youth initiated any tobacco (1.8%, 7.8% and 0.9% for cigarettes, e-cigarettes and cigars), and 5.4% received any price promotions (3.8%, 3.1% and 0.9% for cigarettes, e-cigarettes and cigars). Receiving any tobacco price promotions was associated with any tobacco initiation (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.77; 95% CI 1.30 to 2.41), current use (AOR=1.54; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.23) and ever regular use (AOR=1.76; 95% CI 1.04 to 3.10). Receiving e-cigarette price promotions was associated with e-cigarette initiation (AOR=1.78; 95% CI 1.18 to 2.26), current use (AOR=1.88; 95% CI 1.17 to 3.02) and ever regular use (AOR=2.10; 95% CI 1.02 to 4.40). The associations specific to cigarettes and cigars were only found for product initiation.DiscussionReceiving price promotions for any tobacco and e-cigarettes was respectively associated with the use progression of any tobacco and e-cigarettes. Continuous monitoring of tobacco marketing activities is needed to identify youth-appealing price promotion tactics.
Improved extrapolation methods of data-driven background estimations in high energy physics
Authors: Choi Suyong , Oh Hayoung 
Published: July 2021

AbstractData-driven methods of background estimations are often used to obtain more reliable descriptions of backgrounds. In hadron collider experiments, data-driven techniques are used to estimate backgrounds due to multi-jet events, which are difficult to model accurately. In this article, we propose an improvement on one of the most widely used data-driven methods in the hadron collision environment, the “ABCD” method of extrapolation. We describe the mathematical background behind the data-driven methods and extend the idea to propose improved general methods.
The generalized second law of thermodynamics with Barrow entropy
Authors: Saridakis Emmanuel N. , Basilakos Spyros 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe investigate the validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics, applying Barrow entropy for the horizon entropy. The former arises from the fact that the black-hole surface may be deformed due to quantum-gravitational effects, quantified by a new exponent $$\Delta $$
Δ
. We calculate the entropy time-variation in a universe filled with the matter and dark energy fluids, as well as the corresponding quantity for the apparent horizon. We show that although in the case $$\Delta =0$$

Δ
=
0

, which corresponds to usual entropy, the sum of the entropy enclosed by the apparent horizon plus the entropy of the horizon itself is always a non-decreasing function of time and thus the generalized second law of thermodynamics is valid, in the case of Barrow entropy this is not true anymore, and the generalized second law of thermodynamics may be violated, depending on the universe evolution. Hence, in order not to have violation, the deformation from standard Bekenstein–Hawking expression should be small as expected.
Rotating stealth black holes with a cohomogeneity$$-1$$ metric
Authors: Baake Olaf , Hassaine Mokhtar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn five dimensions we consider a general shift symmetric and parity preserving scalar tensor action that contains up to second order covariant derivatives of the scalar field. A rotating stealth black hole solution is constructed where the metric is given by the Myers–Perry spacetime with equal momenta and the scalar field is identified with the Hamilton–Jacobi potential. This nontrivial scalar field has an extra hair associated with the rest mass of the test particle, and the solution does not require any fine tuning of the coupling functions of the theory. Interestingly enough, we show that the disformal transformation, generated by this scalar field, and with a constant degree of disformality, leaves invariant (up to diffeomorphisms) the Myers–Perry metric with equal momenta. This means that the hair of the scalar field, along with the constant disformality parameter, can be consistently absorbed into further redefinitions of the mass and of the single angular parameter of the disformed metric. These results are extended in higher odd dimensions with a Myers–Perry metric for which all the momenta are equal. The key of the invariance under disformal transformation of the metric is mainly the cohomogeneity$$-1$$

-
1

character of the Myers–Perry metric with equal momenta. Starting from this observation, we consider a general class of cohomogeneity$$-1$$

-
1

metrics in arbitrary dimension, and we list the conditions ensuring that this class of metrics remain invariant (up to diffeomorphisms) under a disformal transformation with a constant degree of disformality and with a scalar field with constant kinetic term. The extension to the Kerr+-de Sitter case is also considered where it is shown that rotating stealth solutions may exist provided some fine tuning of the coupling functions of the scalar tensor theory.