bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accent or not? Language attitudes towards regional variation in British Sign Language
Authors: Rowley Katherine , Cormier Kearsy 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
British Sign Language (BSL) has been shown to have a high degree of regional variation especially at the lexical level. This study explores awareness and attitudes of the British deaf community towards this regional variation. We studied interview data from the BSL Corpus (http://bslcorpusproject.org/data) from 121 deaf, BSL signers from six regions across the UK including Belfast, Birmingham, Bristol, Glasgow, London and Manchester, focusing on responses to five questions in relation to regional variation in BSL. Responses were analysed using thematic analysis, following (Braun, V. & V. Clark. 2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology 3(2). 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa). Findings reveal that BSL signers exhibited overall high levels of meta-linguistic awareness, as many of their attitudes and beliefs were in line with what has been reported in relation to linguistic behaviour with BSL such as mouthing, fingerspelling and accommodation. In addition, BSL signers seem to place enormous value on regional variation in BSL, believing that such variation contributes to the richness of BSL as a language and puts it on equal footing with the surrounding majority language, i.e. English. We explore the implications of these attitudes towards a broader understanding of language ideologies, including the concept of accent.
A corpus-based study of LGBT-related news discourse in Thailand’s and international English-language newspapers
Authors: Chuaikun Duangkamon , Wijitsopon Raksangob 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The present study examines how LGBT is represented discursively in the Bangkok Post, a major English-language newspaper in Thailand, using corpus linguistic methods. A corpus of news reports on LGBT-related matters in the Bangkok Post was compiled. Statistically significant collocates of each word that makes up the acronym were extracted and analyzed in comparison with those found from two international newspaper corpora: COCA and SiBol. It was found that collocations that point to “political movement”, “crime” and “HIV” are shared by the three corpora, suggesting the press’s common stance on the newsworthiness of these issues and at the same time its contribution to the construction and circulation of these discourses related to LGBT. However, the Bangkok Post is marked off from the reference corpora by beauty contest discourse and the absence of issues about the disclosure of homosexual identities and LGBT representation in entertainment. This suggests socio-cultural influence in the way LGBT is represented in Thailand’s English-language newspaper.
A fine tuning of embryo loading technique by eliminating the air bubble in the outer sheath of embryo catheter among women undergoing IVF treatment
Authors: Harbhajan Singh Jasdev Singh , Ahmad Mohd Faizal , Abu Muhammad Azrai , Omar Mohd Hashim , Abdul Karim Abdul Kadir 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The role of air bubbles in bracketing the embryo-containing medium in inner catheter during embryo transfer (ET) has already been established. However, the role of air bubbles in outer catheter (OC) during implantation is yet to be determined. This study aimed to compare the implantation rates between women who have undergone ET with or without ASP (Vitrolife®; Sweden), a medium use for oocyte retrieval and rinsing in OC embryo catheter. The purpose of introducing the ASP medium to the OC was to eliminate air bubbles in that space during implantation.

Methods
A total of 312 women were randomly divided into two groups with 156 participants each group. In Group A, ASP medium was used during ET, whereas in Group B, no ASP medium was utilized. Positive implantation was defined as serum beta-hCG level >5 mIU/mL taken on the 7th day following ET.

Results
The average age of the majority of the participants was 30–39 years and had at least 4–5 years of subfertility. The unexplained subfertility was the prominent cause of ET failure in both groups. In most of the participants in both groups, ET was done using fresh embryo cycles with good to excellent embryo grades. After the ASP medium was manipulated in the OC in both groups, the positive implantation rate was not different in both groups (p>0.05).

Conclusions
The elimination of air bubbles in OC by using the ASP medium during ET did not confer an additional benefit nor exert a negative impact on implantation rate.
New insights into the role of glycosaminoglycans in the endosteal bone microenvironment
Authors: Salbach-Hirsch Juliane , Rauner Martina , Hofbauer Christine , Hofbauer Lorenz C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The bone microenvironment is a complex tissue in which heterogeneous cell populations of hematopoietic and mesenchymal origin interact with environmental cues to maintain tissue integrity. Both cellular and matrix components are subject to physiologic challenges and can dynamically respond by modifying cell/matrix interactions. When either component is impaired, the physiologic balance is lost. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of how glycosaminoglycans – organic components of the bone extracellular matrix – influence the bone micromilieu. We point out how they interact with mediators of distinct signaling pathways such as the RANKL/OPG axis, BMP and WNT signaling, and affect the activity of bone remodeling cells within the endosteal niche summarizing their potential for therapeutic intervention.
Energy absorption characteristics of circular-celled honeycombs under in-plane quasi-static compressive loadings
Authors: Sun Deqiang , Sun Yujin , Ben Jincui , Ge Feng , Li Guozhi , Jiao Sihan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The energy absorption characteristics of hexagonally packaged circular-celled honeycombs and quadrilater-ally packaged circular-celled honeycombs are obtained under in-plane quasi-static compressive loadings through finite element analysis. The stress–strain curves, deformation modes, energy absorption efficiency, specific plateau stress, normalized energy absorption and energy absorption diagrams are discussed. The cell arrangement patterns influence the shapes of stress–strain curves and deformation modes. The densification strain is in linear relationship with the relative density and the specific plateau stress is proportional to relative density. The hexagonally packaged circular-celled honeycombs have the largest specific plateau stress in the x2 direction for a given relative density. The normalized energy absorption is nearly proportional to the strain before densification and increases with increasing relative density for a given strain in one compression direction. The envelope line in the energy absorption diagram is approximately a straight line tangent to the shoulder points through the origin. The hexagonally packaged circular-celled honeycombs outperform the quadrilaterally packaged circular-celled honeycombs in in-plane energy absorption.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of AlCrFeCoNi high-entropy alloy particle reinforced Mg-9Al-1Zn matrix composites
Authors: Chen Yongsheng , Ji Zesheng , Hu Maoliang , Xu Hongyu , Feng Guangjie 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
AlCrFeCoNi particles were added to Mg-9Al-1Zn alloy in a rotary blowing process. The microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-9Al-1Zn based composites were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and tensile and compression tests at room temperature. Results revealed that AlCrFeCoNi particles could effectively refine the grains, and the rotary blowing process enabled the uniform distribution of these particles. The mechanical properties of composites improved with the increase of particle volume fraction. The superior wettability of AlCrFeCoNi particles supported their reliable bonding with the Mg-9Al-1Zn matrix. The Hall–Petch strengthening and stress transfer effect played a dominant role in the improvement of compressive and tensile properties.
Hot working behaviour and processing maps of duplex cast steel
Authors: Alcelay Ignacio , Peña Esteban , Omar Anas Al 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper the hot working behaviour of medium carbon duplex cast steel is studied using uniaxial hot compression tests over a temperature range varying from 700 ˚C to 1 000 °C and at different strain rates ranging from 10–4 to 10–1 s–1. A model based on a variant of a dynamic materials model was employed to construct processing maps. These maps delineate the safe and unsafe domains. The safe domains, associated with dynamic recrystallization and dynamic recovery, can be chosen to optimize the hot workability of the studied material. Whereas, the unsafe domain is to be avoided because it is associated with plastic deformation instabilities. The domain associated with dynamic recrystallization is centred at 1000 °C and 10–4 s–1 with a peak energy dissipation efficiency of about 40%, while the domain associated with dynamic recovery is centred at 700 °C and 10–4 s–1 with a peak energy dissipation efficiency of about 27%. The unsafe hot working domain, spread over the entire temperature range and moderate to high strain rates, predicts the appearance of flow instabilities, in the form of shear bands and intergranular cracks. To validate the obtained results, microstructural observations corresponding to different processing conditions are presented.
On residuals of finite groups
Authors: Aivazidis Stefanos , Müller Thomas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTheorem C in [S. Dolfi, M. Herzog, G. Kaplan and A. Lev, The size of the solvable residual in finite groups,Groups Geom. Dyn.1(2007), 4, 401–407] asserts that, in a finite group with trivial Fitting subgroup, the size of the soluble residual of the group is bounded from below by a certain power of the group order and that the inequality is sharp. Inspired by this result and some of the arguments in the above article, we establish the following generalisation: if 𝔛 is a subgroup-closed Fitting formation of full characteristic which does not contain all finite groups andX¯\overline{\mathfrak{X}}is the extension-closure of 𝔛, then there exists an (explicitly known and optimal) constant 𝛾 depending only on 𝔛 such that, for all non-trivial finite groups 𝐺 with trivial 𝔛-radical,|GX¯|>|G|γ\lvert G^{\overline{\mathfrak{X}}}\rvert>\lvert G\rvert^{\gamma}, whereGX¯G^{\overline{\mathfrak{X}}}is theX¯\overline{\mathfrak{X}}-residual of 𝐺. WhenX=N\mathfrak{X}=\mathfrak{N}, the class of finite nilpotent groups, it follows thatX¯=S\overline{\mathfrak{X}}=\mathfrak{S}, the class of finite soluble groups; thus we recover the original theorem of Dolfi, Herzog, Kaplan, and Lev. In the last section of our paper, building on J. G. Thompson’s classification of minimal simple groups, we exhibit a family of subgroup-closed Fitting formations 𝔛 of full characteristic such thatS⊂X¯⊂E\mathfrak{S}\subset\overline{\mathfrak{X}}\subset\mathfrak{E}, where 𝔈 denotes the class of all finite groups, thus providing applications of our main result beyond the reach of the above theorem.
Stretched penile length at birth: a systematic review
Authors: López-Soto Álvaro , Bueno-González Mar , Urbano-Reyes Maribel , Garví-Morcillo Javier , Meseguer-González José Luis , Martínez-Uriarte Juan , García-Izquierdo Olivia , Donate-Legaz José María , Leante-Castellanos José Luis , Martínez-Cendán Juan Pedro 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Micropenis is an endocrinological condition that is habitually observed at birth. Diagnosis is made by measuring the stretched penile length, a method established 80 years ago. Discrepancies in the normative data from recent studies raise the need for a current revision of the methodology.

Objectives
The aims of this systematic review were to compare the different normative data of SPL at birth, to examine the methodological aspects of the technique and to evaluate the independent variables that may be involved.

Methods
Searches were performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scielo, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science. A combination of the relevant medical terms, keywords and word variants for “stretched penile length”, “penile length”, “penile size”, “newborn” and “birth” were used. Eligibility criteria included normative studies that used the stretched penile length (SPL) measurement on a population of healthy, full-term newborns during the first month of life. The outcomes studied included characteristics of the studies, methodological aspects and independent variables.

Results
We identified 49 studies comprising 21,399 children. Significant discrepancies are observed between the different studies. Methodological aspects seem to be consistent and similar. The main independent variables appear to be ethnic group and gestational age. Main limitations were the absence of studies of entire world regions such as Europe or South America, and the heterogeneity of the ethnic background that complicates the analysis.

Conclusions
It seems advisable to suggest the creation of customized reference charts for each specific population instead of resorting to the classic cut-off points.
DCPD and strain gauge based calibration procedure for evaluation of low temperature creep behavior
Authors: Cui Yinghao , Jianlong Zhang , He Xue 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Creep cracking is one of the key forms of structural material SCC damage with respect to nuclear power. Accurately obtaining the amount of creep deformation is also an important basis for estimating the service life of structural parts. However, because the primary circuit of nuclear power occurs in a high-temperature and high-pressure service water environment, it is not possible to use a conventional extensometer to obtain accurate creep of gauge length under these conditions. Considering that DCPD is an important method for monitoring crack propagation in a high-temperature water environment, by taking the austenite 304 stainless steel commonly used for nuclear power as a research object, a calibration method based on a combination of DC potential drop (DCPD) and strain testing to obtain the creep deformation of the specimen was established. By comparing theoretical research with experimental results, it can be concluded that the calculation results of the model are close to the experimental results and consistent with the theory, thus proving the feasibility of using DCPD technology to obtain the creep deformation amount.
Corrosion behavior of the heat affected zone in a 316 L pipeline weld
Authors: Li Wucheng , Zhang Jianli , Xin Ping , Wen Zhigang , Jing Hongyang , Zhao Lei , Xu Lianyong , Han Yongdian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
On-site investigation, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and cyclic potentiodynamic polarization test were carried out for failure analysis of the 316 L pipeline in this paper. The visual inspection revealed that the inner wall was covered with severe rust, and obvious misalignment and poor appearance were found in the weld. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy result identified the presence of Cl in the inner wall of the pipeline. Some carbides of Cr and Mo precipitated in the heat affected zone, which partially deteriorated the corrosion resistance. The cyclic potentiodynamic polarization curve proved that the heat affected zone is not only sensitive to pitting corrosion, but also has inferior repassivation ability. Finally, the pitting preferentially occurred in the heat affected zone and gradually developed to leakage.
Dynamic analysis of multilayer-reinforced concrete frame structures based on NewMark-β method
Authors: Liu Yizhe , Zhang Bofang , Wang Ting , Su Tian , Chen Hanyang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The analysis method of the simplified structure formation model provides the basis for the analysis of the reinforced concrete (RC) structure under earthquake and dynamic load, which has important significance for seismic analysis of RC structure. In this paper, the three-layer RC frame structure is simulated and analyzed by MATLAB based on the NewMark-β method, considering the influence of time-varying simple harmonic loads and seismic waves on acceleration, displacement, and velocity of RC structure. The vibration response of the RC structure is analyzed by introducing the stiffness reduction coefficient. The results show that NewMark-β method provides a new idea for the seismic response of RC frame structures, making the seismic analysis of frame structures more practical; the variation range of its elastic modulus is obtained through the analysis of the constitutive model of RC, which provides the basis for the value of the stiffness coefficient; the application of the top load and the bottom load has different structural responses to the RC frame structure, and the impact of the load on the structure is more adverse when the load acts on the bottom; with the change of time, the binding stiffness coefficient will also change, and the stability of the structure will decrease greatly; the function relationship between the acceleration of the third floor and the reduction coefficient of rigidity is obtained by taking different values of the reduction coefficient of rigidity.
Contribution of NMDA Receptors to Synaptic Function in Rat Hippocampal Interneurons
Authors: Booker Sam A. , Sumera Anna , Kind Peter C. , Wyllie David J. A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe ability of neurons to produce behaviorally relevant activity in the absence of pathology relies on the fine balance of synaptic inhibition to excitation. In the hippocampal CA1 microcircuit, this balance is maintained by a diverse population of inhibitory interneurons that receive largely similar glutamatergic afferents as their target pyramidal cells, with EPSCs generated by both AMPA receptors (AMPARs) and NMDA receptors (NMDARs). In this study, we take advantage of a recently generated GluN2A-null rat model to assess the contribution of GluN2A subunits to glutamatergic synaptic currents in three subclasses of interneuron found in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. For both parvalbumin-positive and somatostatin-positive interneurons, the GluN2A subunit is expressed at glutamatergic synapses and contributes to the EPSC. In contrast, in cholecystokinin (CCK)-positive interneurons, the contribution of GluN2A to the EPSC is negligible. Furthermore, synaptic potentiation at glutamatergic synapses on CCK-positive interneurons does not require the activation of GluN2A-containing NMDARs but does rely on the activation of NMDARs containing GluN2B and GluN2D subunits.
Circulating adrenomedullin and B-type natriuretic peptide do not predict blood pressure fluctuations during pheochromocytoma resection: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Berends Annika M A , Buitenwerf Edward , Riphagen Ineke J , Lenders Jacques W M , Timmers Henri J L M , Kruijff Schelto , Links Thera P , van der Horst-Schrivers Anouk N A , Stegeman Coen A , Eekhoff Elisabeth M W , Feelders Richard A , Corssmit Eleonora P M , Groote Veldman Ronald , Haak Harm R , Muller Kobold Anneke C , Kerstens Michiel N 
Published: July 2021

Background
Despite adequate presurgical management, blood pressure fluctuations are common during resection of pheochromocytoma or sympathetic paraganglioma (PPGL). To a large extent, the variability in blood pressure control during PPGL resection remains unexplained. Adrenomedullin and B-type natriuretic peptide, measured as MR-proADM and NT-proBNP, respectively, are circulating biomarkers of cardiovascular dysfunction. We investigated whether plasma levels of MR-proADM and NT-proBNP are associated with blood pressure fluctuations during PPGL resection.

Methods
Study subjects participated in PRESCRIPT, a randomized controlled trial in patients undergoing PPGL resection. MR-proADM and NT-proBNP were determined in a single plasma sample drawn before surgery. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were used to explore associations between these biomarkers and blood pressure fluctuations, use of vasoconstrictive agents during surgery as well as the occurrence of perioperative cardiovascular events.

Results
A total of 126 PPGL patients were included. Median plasma concentrations of MR-proADM and NT-proBNP were 0.51 (0.41–0.63) nmol/L and 68.7 (27.9–150.4) ng/L, respectively. Neither MR-proADM nor NT-proBNP were associated with blood pressure fluctuations. There was a positive correlation between MR-proADM concentration and the cumulative dose of vasoconstrictive agents (03B2 0.44, P =0.001). Both MR-proADM and NT-proBNP were significantly associated with perioperative cardiovascular events (OR: 5.46, P =0.013 and OR: 1.54, P =0.017, respectively).

Conclusions
plasma MR-proADM or NT-proBNP should not be considered as biomarkers for the presurgical risk assessment of blood pressure fluctuations during PPGL resection. Future studies are needed to explore the potential influence of these biomarkers on the intraoperative requirement of vasoconstrictive agents and the perioperative cardiovascular risk.
Prevalence and risk factors of hypothalamic–pituitary dysfunction in infant and toddler childhood brain tumor survivors
Authors: Lebbink C A , Ringers T P , Schouten-van Meeteren A Y N , van Iersel L , Clement S C , Boot A M , Claahsen-van der Grinten H L , Janssens G O , van Vuurden D G , Michiels E M , Han K S , van Trotsenburg A S P , Vandertop W P , Kremer L C M , van Santen H M 
Published: July 2021

Objective
Childhood brain tumor survivors (CBTS) are at risk to develop hypothalamic–pituitary (HP) dysfunction (HPD). The risk for HPD may vary between different age groups due to maturation of the brain and differences in oncologic treatment protocols. Specific studies on HPD in infant brain tumor survivors (infant-BTS, 0–1 years at diagnosis) or toddler brain tumor survivors (toddler-BTS, ≥1–3 years) have not been performed.

Patients and methods
A retrospective nationwide cohort study in CBTS was performed. Prevalence and risk factors for HPD were compared between infant-, toddler-, and older-BTS. Subgroup analysis was performed for all non-irradiated CBTS (n = 460).

Results
In total, 718 CBTS were included, with a median follow-up time of 7.9 years. Overall, despite the less frequent use of radiotherapy (RT) in infants, no differences in the prevalence of HPD were found between the three groups. RT (OR: 16.44; 95% CI: 8.93–30.27), suprasellar tumor location (OR: 44.76; 95% CI: 19.00–105.49), and younger age (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.05–1.18) were associated with HP dysfunction. Infant-BTS and toddler-BTS showed more weight gain (P  < 0.0001) and smaller height SDS (P  = 0.001) during follow-up. In non-irradiated CBTS, infant-BTS and toddler-BTS were significantly more frequently diagnosed with TSH-, ACTH-, and ADH deficiency, compared to older-BTS.

Conclusion
Infant and toddler brain tumor survivors seem to be more vulnerable to develop HP dysfunction than older children. These results emphasize the importance of special infant and toddler brain tumor treatment protocols and the need for endocrine surveillance in children treated for a brain tumor at a young age.