bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interrogating the bovine reproductive tract metagenomes using culture-independent approaches: a systematic review
Authors: Ong Chian Teng , Turni Conny , Blackall Patrick J. , Boe-Hansen Gry , Hayes Ben J. , Tabor Ala E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUndesirable microbial infiltration into the female bovine reproductive tracts, for example during calving or mating, is likely to disturb the commensal microflora. Persistent establishment and overgrowth of certain pathogens induce reproductive diseases, render the female bovine reproductive tract unfavourable for pregnancy or can result in transmission to the foetus, leading to death and abortion or birth abnormalities. This review of culture-independent metagenomics studies revealed that normal microflora in the female bovine reproductive tract is reasonably consistently dominated by bacteria from the phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, following by Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria and Tenericutes. Reproductive disease development in the female bovine reproductive tract was demonstrated across multiple studies to be associated with high relative abundances of bacteria from the phyla Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria. Reduced bacterial diversity in the reproductive tract microbiome in some studies of cows diagnosed with reproductive diseases also indicated an association between dysbiosis and bovine reproductive health. Nonetheless, the bovine genital tract microbiome remains underexplored, and this is especially true for the male genital tract. Future research should focus on the functional aspects of the bovine reproductive tract microbiomes, for example their contributions to cattle fertility and susceptibility towards reproductive diseases.
Vitamin D levels and vitamin D receptor genetic variants in Egyptian cardiovascular disease patients with and without diabetes
Authors: Eweida Soad M. , Salem Ahmed , Shaker Yehia M. , Samy Nervana , Yassen Ibrahim , Mohamed Rania Hassan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
25-Hydroxyvitamin D (Vit.D) levels associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) may vary according to genetic variants in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene. However, the existing results are not conclusive in the Egyptian population, where diabetes mellitus is a common CVD risk factor. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the role of VDR polymorphism in Egyptian patients with CVD by studying the association of the rs2228570 (FokI) and rs1544410 (BsmI) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the VDR gene and serum levels of Vit.D with several CVD risk factors in patients with and without diabetes mellitus. We studied the genotypes for rs2228570 (FokI) and rs1544410 (BsmI) SNPs of the VDR gene in 382 Egyptian patients (120 CVD patients with diabetes, 124 CVD patients without diabetes, 69 diabetic patients without CVD and 69 healthy individuals). We also determined the serum levels of Vit.D, insulin, lipids, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and the body mass index (BMI).

Results
The distribution of genotypes and allelic frequencies of the rs2228570 (FokI) and rs1544410 (BsmI) SNPs of the VDR gene was significant in CVD patients (p < 0.001). The level of Vit.D was significantly lower in patients with CVD and diabetes compared to those without diabetes (p < 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant association between Vit.D level and the selected SNPs with serum lipids, BMI, FBG, and insulin levels in CVD patients with or without diabetes.

Conclusion
The level of Vit.D and the distribution of VDR polymorphisms are associated with risk of CVD in Egyptian patients with or without diabetes. These results suggest that VDR polymorphisms may be potential diagnostic biomarkers for CVD susceptibility.
Microelimination of hepatitis C in patients with chronic hemolytic anemias: a single-center experience
Authors: Hashem Walaa M. , El-Sayed Manal Hamdy , Ahmed Ossama A. , Dabbous Hany M. , Shaker Mohamed Kamal , Sherief Ahmed Fouad , Naguib Mary Gamal , Ibrahim Shereen Abdel-Monem , Mansour Ahmed 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Patients with chronic hemolytic anemias (CHA) are at a high risk for transfusion-transmitted infections. Various studies in Egypt have shown a prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in 24–37% of those patients. Elimination of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in patients with CHA would prevent early progression of liver disease. In this study, we aimed to assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of sofosbuvir (SOF) and daclatasvir (DAC) in the special population of HCV-infected patients with CHA. In this prospective study, 21 consenting hepatitis C patients were recruited and treated using ribavirin-free SOF/DAC regimen for either 12 or 24 weeks according to categorization of patients into easy or hard-to-treat in accordance with the national protocols. Sustained virological response was assessed by RT-PCR for HCV-RNA at 12 weeks post-treatment (SVR12). Any treatment-related adverse events were noted.

Results
All patients were adherent to treatment with no discontinuation of therapy. SVR12 was achieved in 19 out of 21 patients (90.5%). There was a significant improvement in levels of ALT (p<0.009) after completion of therapy. On the other hand, the hemoglobin, total bilirubin, and ferritin levels showed a non-significant difference (p<0.501, p<0.542, and p<0.339, respectively). Moderate adverse events were observed in 2 out of 21 patients (9.5%), including sickling crisis and hepatic decompensation.

Conclusion
The results of this study substantiate the favorable efficacy, safety, and tolerability of ribavirin-free direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in the special population of HCV-infected patients with CHA. Micro-elimination of HCV in special patient populations allows for pragmatic delivery of care to patients with co-morbid conditions who are in most need for treatment and allows for achievement of global elimination of HCV worldwide.
Paternal childcare at 6 months and risk of maternal psychological distress at 1 year after delivery: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS)
Authors: Kasamatsu Haruka , Tsuchida Akiko , Matsumura Kenta , Hamazaki Kei , Inadera Hidekuni ,   The Japan Environment and Children’s Study Group
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Paternal childcare is reported to benefit maternal mental health, but specific childcare behaviors have not been comprehensively determined. This study sought to identify paternal childcare behaviors associated with maternal mental health by adjusting for other covariates associated with maternal mental health and examining childcare behaviors.

Methods
This study investigated whether seven types of paternal childcare behaviors at 6 months after delivery were associated with maternal psychological distress at 1 year after delivery, which was assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6). After exclusions from a dataset of 103,062 pregnancies obtained in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, we evaluated data from 75,607 mothers.

Results
More than 70% of fathers were always or sometimes involved in “playing at home,” “playing outdoors,” “changing diapers,” and “bathing,” 60%–70% in “helping with feeding” and “dressing,” and 45.9% in “putting the child to bed.” All paternal childcare behaviors showed some beneficial association with less maternal psychological distress, both moderate (K6 score 5–12) and severe (K6 score ≥ 13) distress. Playing at home was the most beneficial association identified (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56–0.76 for moderate psychological distress; aOR 0.36, 95% CI 0.28–0.48 for severe psychological distress).

Conclusions
These seven types of paternal childcare behaviors may help lessen maternal psychological distress. Emphasis should be given to building education systems and working environments that promote paternal childcare.
Mental health services during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe: Results from the EPA Ambassadors Survey and implications for clinical practice
Authors: Rojnic Kuzman Martina , Vahip Simavi , Fiorillo Andrea , Beezhold Julian , Pinto da Costa Mariana , Skugarevsky Oleg , Dom Geert , Pajevic Izet , Peles Alma Mihaljevic , Mohr Pavel , Kleinberg Anne , Chkonia Eka , Balazs Judit , Flannery William , Mazaliauskiene Ramune , Chihai Jana , Samochowiec Jerzy , Cozman Doina , Mihajlovic Goran , Izakova Lubomira , Arango Celso , Goorwod Philip 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic caused an unprecedented worldwide crisis affecting several sectors, including health, social care, economy and society at large. The World Health Organisation has emphasized that mental health care should be considered as one of the core sectors within the overall COVID-19 health response. By March 2020, recommendations for the organization of mental health services across Europe have been developed by several national and international mental health professional associations.

Methods
The European Psychiatric Association (EPA) surveyed a large European sample of psychiatrists, namely the “EPA Ambassadors”, on their clinical experience of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the treatment of psychiatric patients during the month of April 2020 in order to: a) identify and report the views and experiences of European psychiatrists; and b) represent and share these results with mental health policy makers at European level. Based on the recommendations issued by national psychiatric associations and on the results of our survey, we identified important organisational aspects of mental health care during the peak of the first wave of the COVID-19.

Results
While most of the recommendations followed the same principles, significant differences between countries emerged in service delivery, mainly relating to referrals to outpatients and for inpatient admission, assessments and treatment for people with mental disorders. Compared to previous months, the mean number of patients treated by psychiatrists in outpatient settings halved in April 2020. In the same period, the number of mentally ill patients tested for, or developing, COVID-19 was low. In most of countries, traditional face-to-face visits were replaced by online remote consultations.

Conclusions
Based on our findings we recommend: 1) to implement professional guidelines into practice and harmonize psychiatric clinical practice across Europe; 2) to monitor the treatment outcomes of patients with COVID-19 and pre-existing mental disorders; 3) to keep psychiatric services active by using all available options (for example telepsychiatry); 4) to increase communication and cooperation between different health care providers.
Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Function after a 100-km Ultramarathon: A Case Study in Monozygotic Twins
Authors: MARCHANT ERIK D. , MARCHANT NATHAN D. , HYLDAHL ROBERT D. , GIFFORD JAYSON R. , SMITH MICHAEL W. , HANCOCK CHAD R. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Very little research has investigated the effects of ultraendurance exercise on the bioenergetic status of muscle. The primary objective of this case study was to characterize the changes that occur in skeletal muscle mitochondria in response to a 100-km ultramarathon in monozygotic twins. A second objective was to determine whether mitochondrial function is altered by consuming a periodized low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet during training compared with a high-carbohydrate diet.

Methods
One pair of male monozygotic twins ran 100 km on treadmills after 4 wk of training on either a high-carbohydrate or periodized low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet. Muscle biopsies were collected 4 wk before the run, as well as 4 and 52 h postrun. Blood draws were also performed immediately before as well as 4 and 52 h after the run.

Results
Four hours postrun, respiratory capacity, citrate synthase activity, and mitochondrial complex protein content were decreased. Two days later, both twins showed signs of rapid recovery in several of these measures. Furthermore, blood levels of creatine phosphokinase, C-reactive protein, and aspartate transaminase were elevated 4 h after the run but partially recovered 2 d later.

Conclusion
Although there were some differences between the twins, the primary finding is that there is significant mitochondrial impairment induced by running 100 km, which rapidly recovers within 2 d. These results provide ample rationale for future investigations of the effects of ultraendurance activity on mitochondrial function.
Blood Oxygen Carrying Capacity Determines Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Middle-Age and Older Women and Men
Authors: DIAZ-CANESTRO CANDELA , SIEBENMANN CHRISTOPH , MONTERO DAVID 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Whether blood oxygen (O2)-carrying capacity plays a substantial role in determining cardiorespiratory fitness, a strong predictor of mortality, remains uncertain in women and elderly individuals because of the scarcity of experimental investigations. This study experimentally assessed the role of blood O2-carrying capacity on cardiorespiratory fitness in middle-age and older individuals.

Methods
Healthy women and men (n = 31, 35–76 yr) matched by age and fitness were recruited. Transthoracic echocardiography, central hemodynamics, and O2 uptake were assessed throughout incremental exercise in (i) control conditions and (ii) after a 10% reduction of blood O2-carrying capacity via carbon monoxide administration, in a blinded manner. Effects on cardiac function, blood pressure, peak O2 uptake, and effective hemoglobin (Hb) were determined with established methods.

Results
Blood O2-carrying capacity, represented by effective Hb, was similarly reduced in women (11.8 ± 0.6 vs 10.7 ± 0.6 g·dL−1, P < 0.001) and men (13.0 ± 0.9 vs 11.7 ± 0.6 g·dL−1, P < 0.001) (P for sex effect = 0.580). Reduced O2-carrying capacity did not induce major effects on cardiac function and hemodynamics during exercise, except for a 10%–15% decrement in peak systolic blood pressure in both sexes (P ≤ 0.034). Peak O2 uptake decreased from 35 ± 6 to 31 ± 6 mL·min−1·kg−1, P < 0.001) in women and from 35 ± 9 to 32 ± 9 mL·min−1·kg−1 (P = 0.024) in men in approximate proportion to the reduction of O2-carrying capacity, an effect that did not differ between sexes (P = 0.778).

Conclusions
Blood O2-carrying capacity stands out as a major determinant of cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy mature women and men, with no differential effect of sex.
Hip Adduction during Running: Influence of Sex, Hip Abductor Strength and Activation, and Pelvis and Femur Morphology
Authors: LIU JIA , LEWTON KRISTI L. , COLLETTI PATRICK M. , POWERS CHRISTOPHER M. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To examine the influence of hip abductor strength, neuromuscular activation, and pelvis and femur morphology in contributing to sex differences in hip adduction during running. In addition, we sought to determine the best predictors of hip adduction during running for both men and women.

Methods
Fifteen female runners and 14 male runners underwent strength testing, instrumented overground running (e.g., kinematics and muscle activation), and computed tomography scanning of pelvis and femur. Morphologic measurements included bilateral hip width to femur length ratio, acetabulum abduction, acetabulum anteversion, femoral anteversion, and femoral neck-shaft angles. Sex differences for all variables were examined using independent t tests. Linear regression was used to assess the ability of each independent variable of interest to predict peak hip adduction during the late swing and stance phase of running.

Results
Compared with men, women exhibited significantly greater peak hip adduction during both late swing (8.5° ± 2.6° vs 6.2° ± 2.8°, P = 0.04) and stance phases of running (13.4° ± 4.2° vs 10.0° ± 3.2°, P = 0.02). In addition, women exhibited significantly lower hip abductor strength (1.8 ± 0.3 vs 2.0 ± 0.3 N·m·kg−1, P = 0.04), greater femoral neck-shaft angles (134.1° ± 5.0° vs 129.9° ± 4.1°, P = 0.01), and greater hip width to femur length ratios than men (0.44 ± 0.02 vs 0.42 ± 0.03, P = 0.03). Femoral anteversion was the only significant predictor of peak hip adduction during late swing (r = 0.36, P = 0.05) and stance (r = 0.41, P = 0.03).

Conclusions
Our findings highlight the contribution of femur morphology as opposed to hip abductor strength and activation in contributing to hip adduction during running.
Attitudes towards transactional data donation and linkage in a longitudinal population study: evidence from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children
Authors: Skatova Anya , Shiells Kate , Boyd Andy 
Published: June 2021

Background: Commercial transaction records, such as data collected through banking and retail loyalty cards, present a novel opportunity for longitudinal population studies to capture data on participants’ real-world behaviours and interactions. However, little is known about participant attitudes towards donating transactional records for this purpose. This study aimed to: (i) explore the attitudes of longitudinal population study participants towards sharing their transactional records for health research and data linkage; and (ii) explore the safeguards that researchers should consider implementing when looking to request transactional data from participants for data linkage studies. Methods: Participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children were invited to a series of three focus groups with semi-structured discussions designed to elicit opinions. Through asking participants to attend three focus groups we aimed to facilitate more in-depth discussions around the potentially complex topic of data donation and linkage. Thematic analysis was used to sort data into overarching themes addressing the research questions. Results: Participants (n= 20) expressed a variety of attitudes towards data linkage, which were associated with safeguards to address concerns. This data was sorted into three themes: understanding, trust, and control. We discuss the importance of explaining the purpose of data linkage, consent options, who the data is linked with and sensitivities associated with different parts of transactional data. We describe options for providing further information and controls that participants consider should be available when studies request access to transactional records. Conclusions: This study provides initial evidence on the attitudes and concerns of participants of a longitudinal cohort study towards transactional record linkage. The findings suggest a number of safeguards which researchers should consider when looking to recruit participants for similar studies, such as the importance of ensuring participants have access to appropriate information, control over their data, and trust in the organisation.
ANALISIS PERBEDAAN KINERJA SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN YANG MELAKUKA CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DAN PERUSAHAAN YANG TIDAK MELAKUKAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Winarso Beni Suhendra , Kurniawati Indah 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine differences in the performance of stock in a company that does Corporate Social Responsibility and the company does not undertake Corporate Social Responsibility in companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Samples of this company is a manufacturing company that does Corporate Social Responsibility and the company does not undertake Corporate Social Responsibility in 2013. The stock performance is analyzed by using the ratios earnings price ratio, price-to-book ratio and earnings per share and do independent samples test or Mann Whitney test for testing the significance of differences. The results of this study indicate that outlines the company's stock performance that does Corporate Social Responsibility has no difference with the stock performance of companies that do not do a Corporate Social Responsibility. This is shown by the results obtained in the analysis of financial ratios which includes price earnings ratio, price to book value and earnings per share.
Unlocking the biogeochemical role of beaver in state-transition of landscapes in Yellowstone's northern range: Tantalizing insights, initial results, and evolving research design
Authors: Brooks Marjorie L. 
Published: June 2021

Extirpation of wolves from the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem in the 1920s hypothetically triggered a trophic cascade in which herbivores over-browsed riparian zones once released from the fear of wolf (Canis lupus) predation. Eventually, vast meadow-wetland complexes transitioned to grass-lodgepole systems. By 1954, beaver (Castor canadensis) virtually abandoned the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. In 2000, Colorado State University established experimental dams with browsing exclosures for Long Term Environmental Research in Biology (LTREB) on three streams in Lamar Valley to compare hydrologic effects of pseudo-beaver dams and browsing on willow (Salix spp.) productivity and state transitions. In 2015, beaver began recolonizing the region. I investigate how the biogeochemical role of beaver versus their hydrologic influence affects the underlying mechanisms of state transition: nutrient cycling, productivity, and stream respiration. Analyses of the 2017 field samples showed that beaver streams trend toward higher nutrient levels and higher variances than the LTREB sites. These trends continued in 2018 and 2019. The data tentatively support the role of beaver as keystone species in state transitions. Interannual modeling of nutrient dynamics, comparisons of stream metabolism, and genetic identification of microbial communities are underway. Similarly, analyses of the repeated measures collected across the month of July 2019 are underway.

Featured photo from figure 1 in report.
Behavioral complexities at high elevation: assessing prehistoric landscape use in the alpine regions of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
Authors: Dersam Scott W. 
Published: June 2021

Alpine landscapes capture our imaginations. Envisioning these forbidding regions occupied by humans in prehistory has drawn academic and public audiences alike. The history of these alpine regions is being rewritten the world over, due in part to recent archaeological discoveries made in the alpine regions of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE). These discoveries, some in the wilderness areas of Montana, have revealed a complex tapestry of prehistoric lifeways. Archaeological and paleobiological research in Montana’s GYE alpine regions by Dr. Craig Lee (INSTAAR/ PCRG), Dr. Rachel Reckin (USFS) and Scott Dersam (PCRG) have spearheaded these continued multi-disciplinary studies in the region. Their efforts have focused on the climatological, ecological, as well as cultural impacts of ice patch use and alpine habitation on patterns of prehistoric occupation in the region. The UW-NPS Research Station Small Grant funded archaeological research and reconnaissance of the alpine regions of Montana’s Beartooth wilderness during the summer 2019. The 2019-field season’s discoveries added significant knowledge to regional research in high elevation studies, documenting the highest known stone circles, ceramics, and Paleoindian hunting activities in Montana.

Featured photo from figure 4 in report.