bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study protocol: an open-label individually randomised controlled trial to assess the efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine prophylaxis for malaria among forest goers in Cambodia
Authors: Maude Richard James , Tripura Rupam , Ean Mom , Sokha Meas , Peto Thomas Julian , Callery James John , Imwong Mallika , Vongpromek Ranitha , Tarning Joel , Mukaka Mavuto , Waithira Naomi , Soviet Oung , von Seidlein Lorenz , Sovannaroth Siv 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionIn the Greater Mekong Subregion, adults are at highest risk for malaria. The most relevant disease vectors bite during daytime and outdoors which makes forest work a high-risk activity for malaria. The absence of effective vector control strategies and limited periods of exposure during forest visits suggest that chemoprophylaxis could be an appropriate strategy to protect forest goers against malaria.Methods and analysisThe protocol describes an open-label randomised controlled trial of artemether-lumefantrine (AL) versus multivitamin as prophylaxis against malaria among forest goers aged 16–65 years in rural northeast Cambodia. The primary objective is to compare the efficacy of the artemisinin combination therapy AL versus a multivitamin preparation as defined by the 28-day PCR parasite positivity rate and incidence of confirmed clinical malaria of any species. The sample size is 2200 patient-episodes of duration 1 month in each arm. The duration of follow-up and prophylaxis for each participant is 1, 2 or 3 consecutive 28-day periods, followed by a further 28 days of post-exposure prophylaxis, depending on whether they continue to visit the forest. Analysis will be done both by intention to treat and per protocol.Ethics and disseminationAll participants will provide written, informed consent. Ethical approval was obtained from the Oxford Tropical Research Ethics Committee and the Cambodia National Ethics Committee for Health Research. Results will be disseminated by peer-reviewed open access publication together with open data.Trial registration numberNCT04041973; Pre-result.
Village-to-village screening for hepatitis B and C using quantitative HBsAg and anti-HCV testing with reflex HCV core antigen tests in the remote communities of a resource-rich setting: a population-based prospective cohort study
Authors: Chang Te-Sheng , Chang Kao-Chi , Chen Wei-Ming , Hsu Nien-Tzu , Lee Chih-Yi , Lin Yu-Chih , Huang Wei-Cheng , Chiu Wen-Nan , Hu Jin-Hung , Huang Tung-Jung , Chen Mei-Yen , Lu Sheng-Nan 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesCommunity-based screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) is essential for hepatitis elimination. This study attempted to increase screening accessibility and efficacy by using alternative tools.DesignPopulation-based prospective cohort study.SettingHepatitis elimination program at Yunlin County, Taiwan.ParticipantsAll 4552 individuals participated in 60 screening sessions of a community-based HBV and HCV screening project in five rural townships with approximately 95 000 inhabitants in central-western Taiwan.InterventionsTo increase accessibility, 60 outreach screening sessions were conducted in 41 disseminative sites. Quantitative HBV surface antigen (qHBsAg) and anti-HCV testing with reflex HCV core antigen (HCV Ag) tests were employed as alternative screening tools.Main outcome measuresCalculate village-specific prevalence of HBsAg, anti-HCV and HCV Ag and establish patient allocation strategies according to levels of qHBsAg HCV Ag and alanine aminotransferase (ALT).ResultsOf 4552 participants, 553, 697 and 290 were positive for HBsAg, anti-HCV and HCV Ag, respectively; 75 of them had both HBsAg and anti-HCV positivity. The average (range) number of participants in each screening session was 98 (31–150). The prevalence rates (range) of HBsAg, anti-HCV and HCV Ag were 12.1% (4.3%–19.4%), 15.3% (2.6%–52.3%) and 6.4% (0%–30.2%), respectively. The HCV Ag positivity rate among anti-HCV-positive participants was 42% (0%–100%). Using cut-off values of >200 IU/mL for qHBsAg, >3 fmol/L for HCV Ag and >40 IU/mL for ALT as criteria for patient referral, we noted an 80.2% reduction in referral burden. Three villages had high anti-HCV prevalences of 52.3%, 53.8% and 63.4% with corresponding viraemic prevalences of 23.2%, 30.1% and 22% and thus constituted newly identified HCV-hyperendemic villages.ConclusionOutreach hepatitis screening increases accessibility for residents in rural communities. Screening HBV and HCV through qHBsAg and HCV Ag tests provides information concerning viral activities, which might be conducive to precise patient allocation in remote communities.
Safety of topical corticosteroids in atopic eczema: an umbrella review
Authors: Axon Emma , Chalmers Joanne R , Santer Miriam , Ridd Matthew J , Lawton Sandra , Langan Sinead M , Grindlay Douglas J C , Muller Ingrid , Roberts Amanda , Ahmed Amina , Williams Hywel C , Thomas Kim S 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveAn umbrella review summarising all safety data from systematic reviews of topical corticosteroids (TCS) in adults and children with atopic eczema.MethodsEmbase, MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology map of eczema systematic reviews were searched until 7 November 2018 and Epistemonikos until 2 March 2021. Reviews were included if they assessed the safety of TCS in atopic eczema and searched>1 database using a reproducible search strategy. Review quality was assessed using version 2 of 'A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews' (AMSTAR 2 tool).Results38 systematic reviews included, 34 low/critically low quality. Treatment and follow-up were usually short (2–4 weeks).Key findingsTCS versus emollient/vehicle: No meta-analyses identified for skin-thinning. Two 2-week randomised controlled trials (RCTs) found no significant increased risk with very potent TCS (0/196 TCS vs 0/33 vehicle in children and 6/109 TCS vs 2/50 vehicle, age unknown). Biochemical adrenal suppression (cortisol) was 3.8% (95% CI 2.4% to 5.8%) in a meta-analysis of 11 uncontrolled observational studies (any potency TCS, 522 children). Effects reversed when treatment ceased.TCSversus topical calcineurin inhibitors: Meta-analysis showed higher relative risk of skin thinning with TCS (4.86, 95% CI 1.06 to 22.28, n=4128, four RCTs, including one 5-year RCT). Eight cases in 2068 participants, 7 using potent TCS. No evidence of growth suppression.Once daily versus more frequent TCS: No meta-analyses identified. No skin-thinning in one RCT (3 weeks potent TCS, n=94) or biochemical adrenal suppression in two RCTs (up to 2 weeks very potent/moderate TCS, n=129).TCS twice/week to prevent flares (‘weekend therapy’) versus vehicle: No meta-analyses identified. No evidence of skin thinning in five RCTs. One RCT found biochemical adrenal suppression (2/44 children, potent TCS).ConclusionsWefound no evidence of harm when TCS were used intermittently ‘as required’ to treat flares or ‘weekend therapy’ to prevent flares. However, long-term safety data were limited.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018079409.
Coached, Coordinated, Enhanced Neonatal Transition (CCENT): protocol for a multicentre pragmatic randomised controlled trial of transition-to-home support for parents of high-risk infants
Authors: Orkin Julia , Major Nathalie , Esser Kayla , Parmar Arpita , Couture Elise , Daboval Thierry , Kieran Emily , Ly Linh , O"Brien Karel , Patel Hema , Synnes Anne , Robson Kate , Barreira Lesley , Smith Wanda L , Rizakos Sara , Willan Andrew R , Yaskina Maryna , Moretti Myla E , Ungar Wendy J , Ballantyne Marilyn , Church Paige Terrien , Cohen Eyal 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionHaving an infant admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is associated with increased parental stress, anxiety and depression. Enhanced support for parents may decrease parental stress and improve subsequent parent and child outcomes. The Coached, Coordinated, Enhanced Neonatal Transition (CCENT) programme is a novel bundled intervention of psychosocial support delivered by a nurse navigator that includes Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-based coaching, care coordination and anticipatory education for parents of high-risk infants in the NICU through the first year at home. The primary objective is to evaluate the impact of the intervention on parent stress at 12 months.Methods and analysisThis is a multicentre pragmatic randomised controlled superiority trial with 1:1 allocation to the CCENT model versus control (standard neonatal follow-up). Parents of high-risk infants (n=236) will be recruited from seven NICUs across three Canadian provinces. Intervention participants are assigned a nurse navigator who will provide the intervention for 12 months. Outcomes are measured at baseline, 6 weeks, 4, 12 and 18 months. The primary outcome measure is the total score of the Parenting Stress Index Fourth Edition Short Form at 12 months. Secondary outcomes include parental mental health, empowerment and health-related quality of life for calculation of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). A cost-effectiveness analysis will examine the incremental cost of CCENT versus usual care per QALY gained. Qualitative interviews will explore parent and healthcare provider experiences with the intervention.Ethics and disseminationResearch ethics approval was obtained from Clinical Trials Ontario, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Ethics Board (REB), The Hospital for Sick Children REB, UBC Children’s and Women’s REB and McGill University Health Centre REB. Results will be shared with Canadian level III NICUs, neonatal follow-up programmes and academic forums.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT03350243).
Factors associated with the decision to prescribe and administer antipsychotics for older people with delirium: a qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Tomlinson Emily J , Rawson Helen , Manias Elizabeth , Phillips Nicole (Nikki) M , Darzins Peteris , Hutchinson Alison M 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesTo explore factors associated with decision-making of nurses and doctors in prescribing and administering as required antipsychotic medications to older people with delirium.DesignQualitative descriptive.SettingTwo acute care hospital organisations in Melbourne, Australia.ParticipantsNurses and doctors were invited to participate. Semi-structured focus groups and individual interviews were conducted between May 2019 and March 2020. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsParticipants were 42 health professionals; n=25 nurses and n=17 doctors. Themes relating to decisions to use antipsychotic medication were:safety; a last resort; nursing workload; a dilemma to medicate;andanticipating worsening behaviours. Nurses and doctors described experiencing pressures when trying to manage hyperactive behaviours. Safety was a major concern leading to the decision to use antipsychotics. Antipsychotics were often used as chemical restraints to ‘sedate’ a patient with delirium because nurses ‘can’t do their job’. Results also indicated that nurses had influence over doctors’ decisions despite nurses being unaware of this influence. Health professionals’ descriptions are illustrated in a decision-making flowchart that identifies how nurses and doctors navigated decisions regarding prescription and administration of antipsychotic medications.ConclusionsThe decision to prescribe and administer antipsychotic medications for people with delirium is complex as nurses and doctors must navigate multiple factors before making the decision. Collaborative support and multidisciplinary teamwork are required by both nurses and doctors to optimally care for people with delirium. Decision-making support for nurses and doctors may also help to navigate the multiple factors that influence the decision to prescribe antipsychotics.
Qualitative study on voyaging and health: perspectives and insights from the medical officers during the Worldwide Voyage
Authors: Mau Marjorie K Leimomi Mala , Minami Christina Mie , Stotz Sarah A , Albright Cheryl L , Kana'iaupuni Shawn Malia , Guth Heidi Kai 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo examine the potential association of ocean voyaging with human health and well-being from the perspectives and experiences of the medical officers (MOs) who served during the Worldwide Voyage (WWV).DesignUsing a phenomenology framework, focus group and individual interviews were conducted and analysed by three diverse core researchers and then reviewed by three external researchers to enhance triangulation. Analysis used the Framework Method and Atlas-ti software (V.8.4.4) to facilitate coding, identify categories and develop an analytical matrix. The matrix was applied to all data using the constant comparative method to construct major themes and subthemes. Synthesised member checking was performed.SettingIn 2014–2017, the WWV began in Hawai’i on a traditional voyaging canoe, known asHōkūle'a, using a non-instrument navigational method, ‘wayfinding’, powered only by natural forces and guided by traditional ecological knowledge. Each segment of the voyage included ~12 individuals, including an MO physician. The entire WWV included 172 ports-of-call, 36 legs and 250+ crew members.ParticipantsWe purposively sampled all MO physicians who participated in the WWV and enrolled 87% of eligible MOs (n=20 of 23). We conducted two focus groups (n=17=11+6, 85%) and three individual informant interviews (n=3, 15%).ResultsThe four major themes: (1) Relationships; (2) Preventive Care to Enhance Health; (3) Holistic Health and Wellbeing beyond Voyaging and (4) Spiritual Transformative Experience, strongly suggest that ocean voyaging aboard a traditional voyaging canoe enhanced human health and well-being. The overall impact to perceived health and well-being extended beyond any increase in physical exercise. Essentially, traditional Polynesian ocean voyaging provided a cultural-based context for holistic health and well-being that influenced multiple levels and multiple dimensions.ConclusionPolynesian ocean voyaging was perceived as positively associated with holistic health and overall well-being and it may offer a new approach to confront complex health disparities.
Identification of anatomic risk factors for acute coronary events by optical coherence tomography in patients with myocardial infarction and residual nonflow limiting lesions: rationale and design of the PECTUS-obs study
Authors: Mol Jan-Quinten , Belkacemi Anouar , Volleberg Rick HJA , Meuwissen Martijn , Protopopov Alexey V , Laanmets Peep , Krestyaninov Oleg V , Dennert Robert , Oemrawsingh Rohit M , van Kuijk Jan-Peter , Arkenbout Karin , van der Heijden Dirk J , Rasoul Saman , Lipsic Erik , Teerenstra Steven , Camaro Cyril , Damman Peter , van Leeuwen Maarten AH , van Geuns Robert-Jan , van Royen Niels 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionIn patients with myocardial infarction, the decision to treat a nonculprit lesion is generally based on its physiological significance. However, deferral of revascularisation based on nonischaemic fractional flow reserve (FFR) values in these patients results in less favourable outcomes compared with patients with stable coronary artery disease, potentially caused by vulnerable nonculprit lesions. Intravascular optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging allows for in vivo morphological assessment of plaque ‘vulnerability’ and might aid in the detection of FFR-negative lesions at high risk for recurrent events.Methods and analysisThe PECTUS-obs study is an international multicentre prospective observational study that aims to relate OCT-derived vulnerable plaque characteristics of nonflow limiting, nonculprit lesions to clinical outcome in patients with myocardial infarction. A total of 438 patients presenting with myocardial infarction (ST-elevation myocardial infarction and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction) will undergo OCT-imaging of any FFR-negative nonculprit lesion for detection of plaque vulnerability. The primary study endpoint is a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (all-cause mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction or unplanned revascularisation) at 2-year follow-up. Secondary endpoints will be the same composite at 1-year and 5-year follow-up, target vessel failure, target vessel revascularisation, target lesion failure and target lesion revascularisation.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the region Arnhem-Nijmegen. The results of this study will be disseminated in a main paper and additional papers with subgroup analyses.Trial registration numberNCT03857971.
A note on arithmetic behavior of Hecke eigenvalues of Siegel cusp forms of degree two
Authors: Chen Guohua , Li Weiping 
Published: July 2021

Let [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be Siegel cusp forms for the group [Formula: see text] with weights [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], respectively. Suppose that neither [Formula: see text] nor [Formula: see text] is a Saito–Kurokawa lift. Further suppose that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are Hecke eigenforms lying in distinct eigenspaces. In this paper, we investigate simultaneous arithmetic behavior and related problems of Hecke eigenvalues of these Hecke eigenforms, some of which improve upon results of Gun et al.
Syntactic Coherence in Word Embedding Spaces
Authors: Ravindran Renjith P. , Murthy Kavi Narayana 
Published: July 2021

Word embeddings have recently become a vital part of many Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems. Word embeddings are a suite of techniques that represent words in a language as vectors in an n-dimensional real space that has been shown to encode a significant amount of syntactic and semantic information. When used in NLP systems, these representations have resulted in improved performance across a wide range of NLP tasks. However, it is not clear how syntactic properties interact with the more widely studied semantic properties of words. Or what the main factors in the modeling formulation are that encourages embedding spaces to pick up more of syntactic behavior as opposed to semantic behavior of words. We investigate several aspects of word embedding spaces and modeling assumptions that maximize syntactic coherence — the degree to which words with similar syntactic properties form distinct neighborhoods in the embedding space. We do so in order to understand which of the existing models maximize syntactic coherence making it a more reliable source for extracting syntactic category (POS) information. Our analysis shows that syntactic coherence of S-CODE is superior to the other more popular and more recent embedding techniques such as Word2vec, fastText, GloVe and LexVec, when measured under compatible parameter settings. Our investigation also gives deeper insights into the geometry of the embedding space with respect to syntactic coherence, and how this is influenced by context size, frequency of words, and dimensionality of the embedding space.
Excess Mortality in a Nationwide Cohort of Cancer Patients during the Initial Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Belgium
Authors: Silversmit Geert , Verdoodt Freija , Van Damme Nancy , De Schutter Harlinde , Van Eycken Liesbet 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background:
Most studies investigating the impact of coronavirus infectious disease-19 (COVID-19) on mortality among patients with cancer were performed in a hospital setting, and the evidence is thus based on a selected and frail subset of patients. This study evaluates the excess mortality during the first wave of COVID-19 in a nationwide, prevalent cancer cohort in Belgium.

Methods:
Mortality was studied among almost 240,000 patients with cancer diagnosed between 2013 and 2018 and alive on January 1, 2020. The observed number of deaths in the months January to June 2020 was compared with the expected number of deaths applying the monthly mortality rates observed in the cancer cohort during the previous years. A comparison using the excess mortality rates from the general population was performed.

Results:
An excess number of deaths of about 400 was observed in the month of April, coinciding with a peak of COVID-19 diagnoses in Belgium and corresponding to a 33% rise in mortality. A comparable number of excess deaths was estimated if the COVID-19 excess mortality rates from the general Belgian population were applied to the cancer cohort, stratified by age and sex.

Conclusions:
A considerable excess mortality in the Belgian cancer cohort was observed during the initial peak of COVID-19 in Belgium. The pattern of excess mortality was, however, not markedly different from that observed in the general population.

Impact:
These results suggest that the susceptibility of prevalent cancer patients to COVID-19–induced mortality during the first wave of the pandemic was comparable with the general population.
Improved MSHA-1 algorithm with mixing method
Authors: Quilala Rogel L. , Quilala Theda Flare G. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract—Recently, a Modified SHA-1 (MSHA-1) has been proposed and claimed to have better security performance over SHA-1. However, the study showed that MSHA-1 hashing time performance was slower. In this research, an improved version of MSHA-1 was analyzed using avalanche effect and hashing time as performance measure applying 160-bit output and the mixing method to improve the diffusion rate. The diffusion results showed the improvement in the avalanche effect of the improved MSHA-1 algorithm by 51.88%, which is higher than the 50% standard to be considered secured. MSHA-1 attained 50.53% avalanche effect while SHA1 achieved only 47.03% thereby showing that the improved MSHA-1 performed better security performance by having an improvement of 9.00% over the original SHA-1 and 3.00% over MSHA-1. The improvement was also tested using 500 random string for ten trials. The improved MSHA-1 has better hashing time performance as indicated by 31.03% improvement. Hash test program has been used to test the effectiveness of the algorithm by producing 1000 hashes from random input strings and showed zero (0) duplicate hashes.
Dor mielopática pós-trauma raquimedular: manejo clínico e cirúrgico
Authors: Souza Silvia Mazzali Jorge de 
Published: July 2021

A dor mielopática é um tipo de dor central que se origina após lesão completa, incompleta ou subclínica das vias somato-sensoriais, especialmente do trato espinotalâmico. A dor é descrita como uma sensação de amortecimento desagradável, queimor ou "formigamento", freqüentemente de caráter constante, podendo apresentar períodos de exacerbação. Ocasionalmente são descritos dois tipos distintos de dor, uma de caráter crônico constante e outra intermitente e intensa com distribuição radicular ou por dermátomo, com característica de "choque". Freqüentemente este segundo tipo de dor está associado a comprometimento radicular concomitante ao comprometimento medular ou está localizado no nível da lesão medular, na área de transição da zona de sensibilidade normal para a comprometida.
Josephus’ Adaptation of the Athaliah Narratives
Authors: Quine Cat , Scales Joseph 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Athaliah in Josephus is rarely studied. This paper thus seeks to build on Christopher Begg’s text-critical work by discussing the literary effect of Josephus’ embellishments to the Athaliah narratives. Athaliah in Josephus is shown to be more explicitly foreign and illegitimate than in the biblical texts, but also a more dynamic, rounded character.