bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poly(lactic acid)‐Based Film with Excellent Thermal Stability for High Energy Density Capacitor Applications
Authors: Wang Yonggui , Zhang Jinxi , Zhang Bowen , Ren Kailiang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDielectric capacitors play a key role in high power electronics, electric vehicles, and medical devices. Due to the biodegradability, high thermal stability, and ease of processing, poly(lactic acid)‐based (PLA) films are widely used in applications of tissue engineering, actuators, and sensors. In this investigation, PLA films are prepared using a solution casting method for high energy density capacitor applications. It is found that the stretched poly(d‐lactic acid) (PDLA) film exhibits an energy density and charge discharge efficiency of 18.5 J cm−3 and 95%, respectively, at room temperature. Furthermore, after a heating time of 30 min at 100 °C, it is found that the energy density and chargedischarge efficiency of the stretched PDLA films are maintained at 11.2 J cm−3 and 76%, respectively. In comparison, the energy density and efficiency of the stretched PDLA film are 1.03‐fold and 53% higher, respectively, than those of the stretched poly(vinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene) film at 100 °C with the same heat treatment. Compared with a high temperature polyimide material, the energy density of the stretched PDLA film is 1.98‐fold higher at 100 °C. The PLA‐based material shows great promise for application in high energy density capacitors operating at a high temperature (100 °C).
Double Network Glycerol Gel: A Robust, Highly Sensitive, and Adaptive Temperature Sensor
Authors: Feng Zhanbin , Zhang Ziteng , Chu Bo , Zhang Xing‐Hong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTemperature sensors have great potential applications for the body temperature monitoring, it's a big challenge to prepare sensors with high sensitivity and maintaining adaptive properties for the long‐term applications. In this study, an organohydrogel for the temperature sensor is achieved via glycerol solvent replacement of water in the poly‐N‐acryloyl glycinamide (PNAGA)/carrageenans double network (DN) hydrogel. Owing to successful construction of strong multiple hydrogen bonding (H‐bonding) interactions among PNAGA chains and carrageenans, the PNAGA‐based glycerol gel (Gly‐gel) sensor exhibits excellent thermal stabilities, possesses high sensitivities (2% °C) resulted from the acceleration of mobility of ions at high temperature and shows high tensile strength of about 4 MPa without chemical crosslinkers (higher than most reported organohydrogel‐based temperature sensor) with self‐healable performance. In addition, the double network of Gly‐gel enables it excellent dual and triple shape memory performance with high fixing ratio (Rf, 88%), recovery ratio (Rr, 95%) under large deformations (above 80%) that are beneficial to the potential application in wearable devices. Different from previous temperature sensors, this work provides a facile approach to prepare overly sensitive temperature sensors with the combination of excellent thermal stability, high tensile strength and adaptive properties via the solvent replacement of hydrogel.
Schaum in Aktion
Authors: Schad Tamara , Stubenrauch Cosima , Preisig Natalie , Drenckhan Wiebke , Blunk Dirk , Piening Heinrich 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHistorische Kulturgüter wie alte Kutschen lassen sich nun ohne Putzhilfen wie Wattestäbchen reinigen. Feinste Bläschen saugen Schmutz auf und wischen über Oberflächen.
(M)Ein ganz persönlicher Beitrag
Authors: Leusmann Eliza 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWer nachhaltig lebt, lebt unbequem – so die gängige Vorstellung. Aber wer Bestehendes und Gegebenheiten hinterfragt, kann ohne übermäßige Anstrengung zu weniger Verschwendung beitragen. Einige Ideen abseits von kälter waschen, seltener duschen und weniger Fertiggerichte kaufen.
"Planetare Leitplanken" ‐‐ Maximilian Hempel im Interview
Authors: Zbikowski Frauke 
Published: September 2021

AbstractKreislaufwirtschaft ist einer der zentralen Förderschwerpunkte der Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt. Maximilian Hempel, Abteilungsleiter für Umweltforschung und Naturschutz, erläutert, wie es dazu kam.
Karriere: Nachhaltigkeit in der Industrie "mit langem Atem"
Authors: Zbikowski Frauke 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDie chemische Industrie kommt nicht daran vorbei, nachhaltiger zu werden. Dies meinen junge Chemieingenieurinnen und Chemiker, die an ihren Arbeitsplätzen dazu beitragen, dass die Unternehmen ihre Rohstoffbasis umstellen, weniger Lösungsmittel verwenden oder die Umweltauswirkungen der Produktion minimieren. Das Chemiestudium bereitet auf solche Aufgaben nicht immer vor.
Adaptive event‐triggered control of pure‐feedback systems with quantized input and unknown input delay
Authors: Xia Xiaonan , Zhang Tianping , Kang Guanpeng , Fang Yu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article presents an adaptive event‐triggered dynamic surface control for pure‐feedback systems with unknown input time‐delay and quantized input. Event‐triggered and quantized input are both of discontinuity, which will make their integral item nondifferentiable and the integral mean value theorem cannot be applied. In order to solve the design problem of input delay system with discontinuous input, an auxiliary tracking error, an auxiliary system and Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals are well designed, which can effectively deal with the input delay and allows the time delay to be unknown. Moreover, the improved event‐triggered quantized control can greatly reduce the amount of calculation of traditional quantized control and avoid unnecessary network access. The stability analysis shows that all signals in the closed‐loop system are semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded, and the output constraint is not violated. A simulation example of practical control system is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed control protocol.
Robust saddle‐point criterion in second‐order partial differential equation and partial differential inequation constrained control problems
Authors: Treanţă Savin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this article, for a given class of multi‐dimensional scalar variational control problems (named ) with mixed constraints implying second‐order partial differential equations and inequations, we introduce an auxiliary (modified) class of variational control problems (named ), which is much easier to study, and provide some characterization results of and by using the notions of normal weak robust optimal solution and robust saddle‐point associated with a Lagrange functional corresponding to . For this aim, we consider scalar multiple integral cost functionals and the notion of convexity associated with a multiple integral functional driven by an uncertain multi‐time controlled second‐order Lagrangian.
Pharmacokinetics, Mechanism, and Docking Study of Antioxidant Aryl‐Bisthiourea Derivatives for Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Bahadur Ali , Iqbal Shahid , Shoaib Muhammad , Zulqarnain Muhammad , Shah Mazloom , Abd‐Rabboh Hisham S. M. , Perwez Usama , Qayyum Muhammad Abdul , Zaman Ajmal 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNovel aryl‐bisthiourea derivatives (3 a–3 j) were synthesized by a two‐step route for the study of free‐radical scavenging property and acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) inhibition study. The effect of the electronic environment on the aryl structure of ArBTU on the AChE inhibition was studied. Lineweaver‐Burk plot was used for kinetic study of inhibition of AChE by using ArBTU derivatives which exhibited very good bioactivity of inhibition against acetylcholinesterase enzyme. Central Nervous System (CNS) permeability and the Blood‐Brain Barrier values of all ArBTU derivatives (3 a–3 j) were also similar to the reference value (>−2 logPS< −3 and >−0.3 log BB< −1), respectively. The molecular docking study of derivative 3 g presented a very good interactions with tested protein. The mechanism of AChE inhibition was found from the kinetic studies of novel ArBTU derivatives. A pharmacokinetic study of AChE inhibition was also evaluated. ArBTU derivatives (3 a–3 j) exhibited the best lead‐like potential. Molecular docking study described the binding ability of the highly effective derivative 3 g with the acetylcholinesterase enzyme.
Comparative MD Study of Inhibitory Activity of Opaganib and Adamantane‐Isothiourea Derivatives toward COVID‐19 Main Protease Mpro
Authors: Jovanović Jelena Đorović , Antonijević Marko , El‐Emam Ali A. , Marković Zoran 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, the inhibitory potency of four adamantly‐ isothiourea derivatives (compounds 1 [4‐bromobenzyl (Z)‐N′‐(adamantan‐1‐yl)‐4‐phenylpiperazine‐1‐carbothioimidate], 2 [3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl (Z)‐N′‐(adamantan‐1‐yl)‐4‐phenylpiperazine‐1‐carbothioimidate], 3 [4‐bromobenzyl (Z)‐N‐(adamantan‐1‐yl)morpholine‐4‐carbothioimidate] and 4 [3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl (Z)‐N‐(adamantan‐1‐yl)morpholine‐4‐carbothioimidate]) was evaluated against SARS‐CoV‐2 targeted proteins. The investigated compounds 1–4 possess a similar structure to opaganib, which is used in studies like a potential drug for COVID‐19 treatment. Since examined adamantly‐isothiourea derivatives (1–4) shown broad‐spectrum of antibacterial activity and significant in vitro cytotoxic effects against five human tumor cell lines and shown similarity in structure with opaganib, it was of interest to study their inhibitory potency toward some SARS‐CoV‐2 proteins such as SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease Mpro and mutation of SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike (S) Protein D614G. The inhibitory potency of studied compounds is examined using molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations. The results of molecular docking simulations indicate compound 1 as the most prominent candidate of inhibition of SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease Mpro (▵Gbind=11.24 kcal/mol), while almost the same inhibition potency of all studied compounds is exhibited toward D614G. Regarding the results obtained by molecular dynamic simulations, compounds 1 and 4 possess similar inhibitory potency toward SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease Mpro as opaganib (▵Gbind
40 kcal/mol).
Theoretical Investigation of the Chiral Transition of α‐Alanine Cu2+ Complex in Water Solution
Authors: Yang Xiaocui , Jiang Chunxu , Zhang Xuejiao , Liu Fang , Tong Hua , Hu Yuming , Ma Hongyuan , Gao Feng , Wang Zuocheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe chiral transition of S‐α‐alanine Cu2+ complex (S−A) in water solution was investigated by density functional theory combined with SMD solvation model. In principle, the chiral transition of S−A could be realized via the following four pathways: carbonyl oxygen as the bridge, carbonyl oxygen and amino nitrogen as the bridge, amino nitrogen as the bridge and Cu as the bridge. The potential energy surface calculation shows that under the effect of implicit solvent, the reaction channel with Cu as the bridge is the most dominant, and the energy barrier of the rate‐determining steps is 103.3 kJ mol−1. The subdominant channel of hydrogen migration is the bridge channel of amino nitrogen, and the energy barrier of the rate‐determining steps is 183.5 kJ mol−1. The remaining two channels are inferior channels. Under the explicit solvent effect, the channel with amino‐nitrogen as the bridge is the most advantageous, and the energy barrier of the rate‐determining steps is reduced to 138.0 kJ mol−1. The subdominant channel for hydrogen migration is Cu, and the energy barrier of the rate‐determining steps increases to 145.3 kJ mol−1. The remaining two channels are inferior channels. The results show that S−A complex can better maintain its chiral characteristics in water solution, and the divalent copper salt of α‐alanine is safe to supplement Cu2+ and alanine in living bodies.
Green and Facile Synthesis of Luminescent CQDs from Pomegranate Peels and its Utilization in the Degradation of Azure B and Amido Black 10B by Decorating it on CuO Nanorods
Authors: Vyas Yogeshwari , Chundawat Priyanka , Dharmendra  , Punjabi Pinki B. , Ameta Chetna 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGreen fluorescent water‐soluble carbon quantum dots (CQDs) of size 6 nm were fabricated by carbonization of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peels at a mild temperature of 160 °C for 12 h. The CuO NRs were prepared by the precipitation method. The formation of CQDs and CuO nanorods (NRs) was confirmed. The chemical composition and morphological features of CQD, CuO, and composite (CuO/CQDs) are characterized by XRD, FESEM, HRTEM, FTIR, EDX, XPS, and BET. XRD and TEM analysis shows the amorphous nature of CQDs and the monoclinic nature of CuO NRs. The CuO NRs decorated with CQDs have given the maximum photocatalytic activity for the degradation of Azure B (97 %) and Amido black 10 B (94 %) than CuO NRs alone. Several water quality parameters have been measured before and after degradation. Hence bio‐based luminescent CQDs with a high yield were synthesized for the first time through a greener route.
Size‐Dependent Cobalt Catalyst for Lithium Sulfur Batteries: From Single Atoms to Nanoclusters and Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhou Xing , Meng Ruijin , Zhong Ning , Yin Shuangfeng , Ma Guoqiang , Liang Xiao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe sulfur redox conversion with catalytically improved kinetics is promising to mitigate the polysulfides shuttling. While the size of electrocatalyst always brings different catalytic behaviors for various heterogeneous catalytic reactions, it is yet to be explored for Li‐S batteries. Herein, a systematical study of size‐dependent catalytic activity toward polysulfides conversion and the relevance to electrochemical performance are reported, by constructing Co catalysts with different atomic scales from single atoms, atomic clusters to nanoparticles. Fundamental electrocatalytic studies are focused by probing the reduction kinetics and activation energies of sulfur chemistry. The single atomic Co shows the best charge transfer/kinetic toward sulfur redox, especially for the rate‐determining reaction (Li2S4 ↔ Li2S) as demonstrated by the significantly lowered energy barrier for Li2S nucleation/dissolution. This is owing to stronger geometric deformation of the catalyst with lower aggregation extent when it interacts with sulfur species, thus leading to decreased Gibbs free energy changes as elucidated by DFT calculations. The superior catalytic activity of single atomic Co promises a high specific capacity (4.98 mAh cm−2) at an areal loading of 4.3 mg cm−2 over long‐term cycling. The finding emphasizes the significance of the size‐dependent catalytic activity to the reaction kinetics and the overall performance of Li‐S batteries.
Perovskite/Si tandem solar cells: Fundamentals, advances, challenges, and novel applications
Authors: Cheng Yuanhang , Ding Liming 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe world record device efficiency of single‐junction solar cells based on organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites has reached 25.5%. Further improvement in device power conversion efficiency (PCE) can be achieved by either optimizing perovskite films or designing novel device structures such as perovskite/Si tandem solar cells. With the marriage of perovskite and Si solar cells, a tandem device configuration is able to achieve a PCE exceeding the Shockley–Queisser limit of single‐junction solar cells by enhancing the usage of solar spectrum. After several years of development, the highest PCE of the perovskite/Si tandem cell has reached 29.5%, which is higher than that of perovskite‐ and Si‐based single‐junction cells. Here, in this review, we will (1) first discuss the device structure and fundamental working principle of both two‐terminal (2T) and four‐terminal (4T) perovskite/Si tandem solar cells; (2) second, provide a brief overview of the advances of perovskite/Si tandem solar cells regarding the development of interconnection layer, perovskite active layer, tandem device structure, and light management strategies; (3) third, discuss the challenges and opportunities for further developing perovskite/Si tandem solar cells. This review article, on the one hand, provides a comprehensive understanding to readers on the development of perovskite/Si tandems. On the other hand, it proposes various novel applications that may bring such tandems into the market in a near future.
“A Question of Integrity”: Academic Values Torn Between Organizational Affiliation, National Competitiveness and the Global Academic Community
Authors: Hölscher Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractValues of higher education, as supported by the IAU, are grounded in the belief-systems and behaviour of the individual researchers/teachers and the academic community more generally. Although these values are influenced from the outside by educational policies and economic considerations, and although they also encompass societal views on science (e.g. trust in science), it is academia itself that has to uphold, and sometimes defend, the inner principles of higher education.
Higher Education and the Enduring Value of Hospitality: Reflections for the 21st Century
Authors: Blanco Gerardo L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe 21st century is a perilous time for international collaboration among university actors. Mobility and international exchange have come to a total standstill as the world shelters in place, trying to slow down the course of a pandemic. However, the crisis of hospitality in higher education has been long in the making. Within universities, internationalization has been driven by profits and revenues for decades, while discussions of core values have been cast aside as utopian or idealistic. There are thousands of displaced, imprisoned and exiled academics, and there are millions of university-aged refugees in the world, with only a tiny fraction of them entering universities. Beyond university walls, scepticism toward the other has been brewing, popularizing xenophobic nationalism and construing mobility as a threat that must be curtailed or regulated to new extremes. As some governments have turned to authoritarianism, universities have become targets, and government actions have resulted in significant numbers of displaced and unemployed academics, many of whom look beyond national borders to find spaces where the pursuit of their ideas is less threatening and where they can exercise their intellectual calling. Responding to these needs requires hospitality, which is not unprecedented, but that has become a lower priority among many others such as the constant pressure to move up the rankings or league tables.
From Emergency Remote Teaching to Strategically Embracing Online Learning
Authors: Tzavara Dionisia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAs a response to the Covid-19 pandemic, universities across the globe closed campuses, cancelled face-to-face classes, and resorted to digital instruction in an attempt to continue offering instruction, providing continuity to their students, and keeping the academic year going. This movement away from face-to-face instruction happened on a large scale (according to a World Economic Forum article “Some 1.5 billion students—close to 90% of all primary, secondary and tertiary learners in the world—are no longer able to physically go to school” (Kandri 2020), across various institutions and departments, and large numbers of students and academics were impacted by this shift to online instruction.
Is the Pandemic Leading to a Paradigm Shift in Higher Education?
Authors: Lamagna Carmen Z. , Khan Manzur H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIndoor gatherings of many people are high-risk sites for the spread of COVID-19; this includes schools, colleges and university campuses. This evolving situation will not only be vastly disruptive but will also lead to a paradigm shift in higher education institutions (HEI).
A Personal Reflection on the Key Challenge for Higher Education: Improving the Quality of University Instruction
Authors: Dill David 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSince the founding of the University of Bologna in 1088, the quality and societal impact of university-based research has steadily risen and is widely expected to continually improve in the future. But, while the effectiveness of university teaching over this same period has improved through the adoption of laboratory instruction, the seminar method, tutorials, and more valid and reliable means of assessing students, the qualitative enhancement and continuous development of instruction compared to research appears less certain. Why does this difference exist? I will argue the cause is to be found in the limitations of universities’ traditional collegial culture and in the failure of recent national efforts to improve academic quality to effectively address academic norms and values.
Universities as Lifelong Learning Institutions: A New Frontier for Higher Education?
Authors: Atchoarena David 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFor half a century now, lifelong learning has provided—with more or less intensity - the philosophical and conceptual background in which education policies have been framed (Kejawa, 2017). When Paul Lengrand defined l’éducation permanente (1970), learning was conceived as part of a humanistic vision of the world, intrinsically characterized by fundamental values like human dignity, equal rights and social justice and respect for cultural diversity, as well as a sense of shared responsibility and a commitment to international solidarity. Today, these principles remain fundamental aspects of our common humanity and the enduring ideals of what learning can achieve.
IAU: The Power to Foster Higher Education for Sustainable Development
Authors: Mongkhonvanit Pornchai , Rukspollmuang Chanita , Sawheny Yhing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractModernization theory, which believes that “development equates economic growth” and changes in social, political, and cultural structures are the pathways for societies to become modernized, has been the predominant paradigm for the development of nations for decades. However, the model was met with a lot of criticism, and there was a movement to rethink the real meaning of development and well-being. Alternatives for development were proposed, but the most widely accepted paradigm is “sustainability” or “sustainable development” which was defined by the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) in the 1987 Brundtland Report (also called “Our Common Future”) as “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” Under this development paradigm, programs, initiatives, and actions aim not only at the preservation of a particular resource but also at other distinct areas: economic, environmental, and social - known as the three pillars of sustainability. The Brundtland Report has had a worldwide impact. “Agenda 21”, a comprehensive plan of action to build a global partnership for sustainable development to improve human lives and protect the environment, was adopted in the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, followed by many other agendas, including the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDG) (2000–2015) and the present United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development or the 17 SDGs.
Aligning Higher Education’s Promise of Well-Being with Sustainability as a Purpose of Education
Authors: Kohl Katrin , Hopkins Charles 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn a world of increasing complexity, there is a growing demand for access to higher education. People of all ages aim at academic degrees to qualify for decent career opportunities in the future, often in hope of a better life. Numbers in higher education are globally on the rise with today approximately 38% gross enrolment in tertiary education (UNESCO 2018).