bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manufacturing process-driven structured materials (MPDSMs): design and fabrication for extrusion-based additive manufacturing
Authors: Patterson Albert E. , Chadha Charul , Jasiuk Iwona M. 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the design and fabrication of meso-scale Manufacturing Process-Driven Structured Materials (MPDSMs). These are designed, architected materials where the prime design requirement is manufacturability. The concepts are applied to those fabricated using fused deposition modeling or fused filament fabrication (FDM/FFF), a thermoplastic polymer additive manufacturing (AM) process. Three case studies were presented to demonstrate the approach.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper consists of four main sections; the first developed the MPDSMs concept, the second explored manufacturability requirements for FDM/FFF in terms of MPDSMs, the third presented a practical application framework and the final sections provided some case studies and closing remarks.

Findings
The main contributions of this study were the definition and development of the MDPSMs concept, the application framework and the original case studies. While it is most practical to use a well-defined AM process to first explore the concepts, the MPDSMs approach is neither limited to AM nor thermoplastic polymer materials nor meso-scale material structures. Future research should focus on applications in other areas.

Originality/value
The MPDSMs approach as presented in this concept paper is a novel method for the design of structured materials where manufacturability is the prime requirement. It is distinct from classic design-for-manufacturability concepts in that the design space is limited to manufacturable design candidates before the other requirements are satisfied. This removes a significant amount of schedule and costs risk from the design process, as all the designs produced are manufacturable within the problem tolerance.
Risk factors for surgical complications after anatomic lung resections in the era of VATS and ERAS
Authors: Galata Christian , Karampinis Ioannis , Roessner Eric D. , Stamenovic Davor 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to identify risk factors for surgical complications after anatomic lung resections in the era of video‐assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) and enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS).MethodsA retrospective analysis of all consecutive adult patients who underwent elective anatomic lung resections between January and December 2020 at our institution was performed.ResultsEighty patients (40 VATS, 40 thoracotomy) were included. The 30‐day mortality rate was 1.3%. The overall rate of major postoperative complications was 18.8%. Most major complications occurred in patients who underwent open surgery (complication rate 32.5%, share of total complications 86.7%). Major morbidity after VATS resection was rare (complication rate 2.5%, share of total complications 13.3%). In univariable analysis, thoracotomy (p = 0.003), impaired preoperative lung function (p = 0.003), complex surgery (p = 0.004) and sleeve resection (p = 0.037) were associated with adverse outcomes. In multivariable analysis, thoracotomy (p = 0.044) and impaired preoperative lung function (p = 0.028) were the only independent risk factors for major postoperative morbidity.ConclusionThoracotomy was associated with a 10‐fold increased risk for postoperative complications compared with minimally invasive surgery and was an independent risk factor for surgical complications. In the era of VATS and ERAS, the fact that thoracotomy is performed may be a reliable parameter to identify patients at risk for postoperative complications.
Structural and allergenic properties of the fatty acid binding protein from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Múnera Marlon , Martínez Dalgys , Wortmann Judith , Zakzuk Josefina , Keller Walter , Caraballo Luis , Puerta Leonardo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei is an important source of food allergens but its allergenic repertoire is poorly characterized. Cross‐reactivity between crustacean and mites has been reported, with tropomyosin, the most relevant allergen involved. The aim of this study was to investigate the structural and immunological properties of a recombinant Fatty Acid Binding Protein (FABP) family from L. vannamei (LvFABP).MethodsELISA, skin prick test (SPT) and basophil activation assays were performed to determine IgE reactivity and allergenic activity of LvFABP. LC‐MS/MS and Circular Dichroism experiments were done for structural analysis. B‐cell epitope mapping with overlapping peptides, and cross‐inhibition studies using human sera were done to identify antigenic regions and cross‐reactivity.ResultsThe recombinant LvFABP bound serum IgE from 27% of 36 shrimp allergic patients and showed allergenic activity when tested for basophil activation and SPT in a selected number of them. CD‐spectroscopy of LvFABP revealed that the protein is folded with a secondary structure composed of mainly β‐strands and a smaller fraction of α helices. This is consistent with molecular modelling results, which exhibit a typical β barrel fold with two α‐helices and ten β‐strands. Epitope mapping identified two IgE‐binding antigenic regions and inhibition assays found high cross‐reactivity between LvFABP and Blo t 13, mediated by the antigenic region involving amino acids 54 to 72.ConclusionsOur results show that LvFABP is a shrimp allergen that cross reacts with the house dust mite allergen Blo t 13 and has allergenic activity, which suggest that it could be clinically relevant in case of shellfish allergy. This new allergen, named Lit v 13, will also help to understand basic mechanisms of sensitization to shrimp.
Obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) deficiency is associated with delayed gastric emptying
Authors: Seelig Eleonora , Henning Elana , Keogh Julia M. , Gillett Daniel , Shin Evelyn , Buscombe John , van der Klaauw Agatha A. , Farooqi I. Sadaf 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivePeople who are severely obese due to melanocortin‐4 receptor (MC4R) deficiency experience hyperphagia and impaired fullness after a meal (satiety). Meal‐induced satiety is influenced by hormones, such as peptide‐YY (PYY), which are released by enteroendocrine cells upon nutrient delivery to the small intestine.DesignWe investigated whether gastric emptying and PYY levels are altered in MC4R deficiency.MethodsGastric emptying was measured with a gastric scintigraphy protocol using technetium‐99m (99Tcm)‐Tin Colloid for 3.5 h in individuals with loss of function MC4R variants and a control group of similar age and weight. In a separate study, we measured plasma PYY levels before and at multiple time points after three standardised meals given to individuals with MC4R deficiency and controls. Fasting PYY (basal secretion) and postprandial PYY levels were measured and the area under the curve and inter‐meal peak were calculated.ResultsWe found that gastric emptying time was significantly delayed and percentage meal retention increased in individuals with MC4R deficiency compared to obese controls. In addition, fasting and mean PYY secretion throughout the day were decreased in MC4R deficiency, whereas postprandial PYY secretion was unaltered.ConclusionDelayed gastric emptying and reduced basal PYY secretion may contribute to impaired satiety in people with obesity due to MC4R deficiency.
Village modernization may contribute more to farmland bird declines than agricultural intensification
Authors: Rosin Zuzanna M. , Pärt Tomas , Low Matthew , Kotowska Dorota , Tobolka Marcin , Szymański Paweł , Hiron Matthew 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe central tenet of European farmland ecology is that agricultural intensification during the 20th century was largely responsible for dramatic declines in species abundances. However, during this time, human rural settlements were also undergoing radical changes through modernization, with undocumented biodiversity impacts in this important wildlife habitat. We performed the first ever large‐scale study to disentangle the impact of these simultaneous processes on farmland bird diversity in 104 Polish villages. We show that modernized villages and their surrounding agricultural fields had 50–60% fewer birds than those in and around comparable older villages. The relative contribution of modernization versus agricultural intensification to predicted bird declines was 88% versus 12% for bird communities in villages and 56% versus 44% in surrounding croplands, with considerable variation among ecological species subgroups. These results challenge our current understanding of agricultural ecosystem ecology and how best to implement conservation measures costing billions of euros annually.
Partial acquisition and patent licensing in an asymmetric duopoly
Authors: Niu Shuai , Wang Meiling 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper analyzes partial ownership arrangements in a heterogenous‐goods duopoly market with subsequent two‐part tariff licensing. The equilibrium under patent licensing is inefficient in the sense that there is an excessive concentration of production in the licensor. A partial ownership arrangement, under which the low‐cost firm holds a partial interest in the high‐cost firm, decreases the competitive incentives of the low‐cost firm. In addition, it decreases the equilibrium royalty rate under patent licensing. Both effects contribute to the improvement of the production distribution in the duopoly market. Consequently, a partial acquisition occurring before patent licensing may be both profitable and welfare‐improving.
Tendoscopic peritendon shaving of midportion Achilles tendinopathy: A randomized, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Kaalund Søren , Kjær Søren G. , Rathleff Michael S. , Fredberg Ulrich 
Published: October 2021

Achilles tendinopathy is among the most frequent tendon injuries in sport. Despite evidence‐based management, a significant proportion of patients continue to experience symptoms. This is the first randomized trial to investigate the effect of tendoscopic treatment of midportion Achilles tendinopathy compared with placebo at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months. Patients with midportion Achilles tendinopathy (non‐responsive to more than 6 months of nonsurgical treatments) were randomly assigned to receive either tendoscopic peritendon shaving or placebo tendoscopic treatment. The primary outcome measure was the total score of the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment Achilles (VISA‐A) questionnaire. Due to three adverse events (sural nerve injuries), in the group receiving tendoscopic treatment, the trial was stopped short of the planned 48 participants. All 23 patients included completed 3 months’ follow‐up (100%), 22 (96%) 6 months' and 19 (83%) completed 12 months' follow‐up. The between‐group estimates favored endoscopic treatment and ranged from 19 points (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1–38) at 3 months, 14 points (−7 to 34) at 6 months and 5 points (95% CI: −19 to 28) at 12 months. After 12 months, the tendoscopic group improved 47 points (95% CI: 29–65) versus 40 points (95% CI: 22–57) in the placebo‐operated group. Despite a smaller sample size due to adverse events, VISA‐A indicate faster recovery from tendoscopic treatment compared to placebo. These data suggest that tendoscopic treatment of midportion Achilles tendinopathy should be tested in further research; however, the technique needs to be refined to avoid sural nerve injuries.
The role of biochar in improving soil properties, water retention and potato yield in a Fluvisol under temperate monsoon climate
Authors: Kassaye Kassu Tadesse , Boulange Julien , Kurebito Soboda , Tokunari Takeo , Saito Hirotaka , Watanabe Hirozumi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSoil amendment with biochar provides great potential for improving soil fertility. This study, conducted in Kanazawa, Japan, in 2018, evaluated the effects of soil amendment with biochar, carbonized from animal manure and slaughterhouse wastes, on some properties of a loamy sand‐textured Fluvisol and yield performance of potatoes. The laboratory experiment investigated the effects of biochar (0%, 1%, 2%, 4% and 8% (w/w)) on soil properties and water retention. The field experiment combined three biochar application rates (0, 2 and 4 t ha−1) with three mineral fertilizer rates (0%, 50% and 100% recommended nutrients from mineral fertilizers, (RNPK)). The treatments were applied in randomized complete blocks with three replicates. Soil amendment at the rates of 1%, 2%, 4% and 8% biochar (w/w) (i) reduced bulk densities by 1%–22%; (ii) increased soil porosity by 1%–16%; (iii) increased readily available soil water (RAW) by 10%–40%; and (iv) enabled 1–5 days more retention of the soil water content within the range of RAW. The combined application of 2 or 4 t ha−1 biochar with 100% RNPK increased yield by 219%–313% and 295%–340%, and increased water use efficiency (WUE) of potato by 59%–98% and 129%–163% under optimal irrigation conditions relative to the sole application of biochar and the control treatments, respectively. Considering agricultural and environmental sustainability, the integrated application of 2–4 t ha−1 biochar with a full dose of nutrients from mineral fertilizers is recommended for the loamy sand‐textured Fluvisol of the North‐central coast of Japan and other similar agroecologies.
A framework for integrating the terrestrial carbon stock of estates in institutional carbon management plans
Authors: Wang Jiaqian , Werner David , Manning David A. C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMany institutions have substantial landholdings, but few consider soil carbon preservation and augmentation in their carbon management plans. A methodical framework was developed to analyse terrestrial carbon stocks (soil and tree biomass) for credible carbon offsetting strategies in institutional land. This approach was demonstrated at two farms (805 hectares) managed by Newcastle University. Soil carbon for three depths (0–30 cm, 30–60 cm and 60–90 cm) and above‐ground tree biomass were quantified. These data provided a terrestrial carbon baseline to evaluate future land management options and effects. Historical land‐use records enabled the following comparisons: (1) agricultural land vs. woodland; (2) arable land vs. permanent grassland; (3) organic vs. conventional farming; (4) coniferous vs. broadleaved woodland; and (5) recent vs. long‐established woodland. Carbon storage (kg/m2) varied with land usage and woodland type and age, but only agricultural land vs. woodland, and for agriculture, arable land vs. permanent grassland, significantly affected the 0–90 cm soil carbon. At the university‐managed farms, current terrestrial carbon stocks were 103,620 tonnes in total (98,050 tonnes from the 0–90 cm soil and 5,569 tonnes from tree biomass). These terrestrial carbon stocks were equivalent to sixteen years of the current carbon emissions of Newcastle University (6,406 tonnes CO2 equivalents‐C per year). Using strategies for alternative land management, Newcastle University could over 40 years offset up to 3,221 tonnes of carbon per year, or 50% of its carbon emissions at the current rate. The methodological framework developed in this study will enable institutions having large landholdings to rationally consider their estates in future soil carbon management schemes.
Effect of the first year of COVID‐19 pandemic on the collection and use of blood components in Colombia monitored through the national haemovigilance system
Authors: Bermúdez‐Forero María‐Isabel , Soto‐Viáfara Jonathan‐Andrés , Gardeazábal‐Acuña Paula‐Andrea , Anzola‐Samudio Diego‐Alexander , García‐Otálora Michel‐Andrés 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis work aimed to establish the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on blood collection and blood product usage at the end of the first year.BackgroundThe arrival of SARS‐CoV‐2 to Colombia on March 6, 2020, triggered closure of borders and mandatory lockdown from March 23, 2020.Methods/MaterialsThe Colombian National Institute of Health administers the National database of confirmed cases of SARS‐CoV‐2 and the National Haemovigilance System. We examined positive SARS‐CoV‐2 cases identified between March 6, 2020, and March 6, 2021, using positive RT‐PCR testing (72.8%) or reactive antigen (27.2%). We also analysed accepted and deferred donors' information provided by 100% of blood banks and transfused patients notified by 83% of health care facilities nationwide, between March 1, 2019, to February 28, 2021.ResultsColombia registered 2 273 245 SARS‐CoV‐2 cases. From these, 60 412 people died from COVID‐19 (2.7%) and 2 172 418 individuals recovered (95.6%). There were 11 659 216 SARS‐CoV‐2 processed samples nationwide. People between the ages of 20 and 39 years concentrated 44.4% of the SARS‐CoV‐2 cases. There were 773 569 blood donations, mainly from a 20‐39‐year‐old population (60.5%). The pandemic caused a reduction of 155 393 blood donations (16.7%) and 51 823 total deferrals (33.7%).An 18.4% drop in volunteer donors and a 37.3% increase in donations from family/replacements members were observed. There were 399 453 transfused patients and 1 179 895 blood components administered (−8.7% and − 13.9% compared to March 2019–February 2020).ConclusionMandatory lockdowns in Colombia decreased blood collection and usage, resulting in a reduction of blood components transfused to individual patients.
Hippocampal Oxidative Stress Induced by Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation and the Neuroprotective Effects of Aerobic Exercise in Rats: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Rasouli Mojez Mina , Ali Gaeini Abbas , Choobineh Siroos , Sheykhlouvand Mohsen 
Published: October 2021

Background: The present study determined whether 4 weeks of moderate aerobic exercise improves antioxidant capacity on the brain of rats against oxidative stress caused by radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation emitted from cell phones. Methods: Responses of malondialdehyde, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, as well as the number of hippocampal dead cells, were examined. Male Wistar rats (10–12 wk old) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups (N = 8): (1) moderate aerobic exercise (EXE) (2 × 15–30 min at 1215 m/min speed with 5 min of active recovery between sets), (2) exposure to 900/1800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic waves 3 hours per day (RAD), (3) EXE + RAD, and (4) exposure to an experimental phone without battery. Results: Following the exposure, the number of the hippocampal dead cells was significantly higher in group RAD compared with groups EXE, EXE + RAD, and control group. Malondialdehyde concentration in group RAD was significantly higher than that of groups EXE, EXE + RAD, and control group. Also, the activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase in groups EXE, EXE + RAD, and control group was significantly higher compared with those of the exposure group. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that moderate aerobic exercise enhances hippocampal antioxidant capacity against oxidative challenge in the form of radiofrequency electromagnetic waves.
Parent Preferences for Physical Activity in Before and After School Programs in Rural and Suburban Communities: A Discrete Choice Experiment
Authors: Pfledderer Christopher D. , Burns Ryan D. , Byun Wonwoo , Carson Russell L. , Welk Gregory J. , Brusseau Timothy A. 
Published: October 2021

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine and compare parent preferences of before and after school physical activity program components in rural and suburban elementary schools. Methods: A discrete choice experiment was conducted to measure parent preferences for components of before/after school programs. A total of 183 parents (age = 37.2 [8.2] y, 155 females) sampled from 15 elementary schools (K–6 grades) in the Western United States took part in the study, half of which were from a rural community (n = 93, 50.8%). Results from the discrete choice experiment were analyzed using hierarchic Bayesian methodology, which estimated utility scores and was used to calculate important scores for program components. Results: The specific goal of the before/after school program was the strongest determinant of parents’ stated choice overall, followed by leaders, time of day, length, and main focus. Learning sports as the physical activity goal was the top-rated attribute. Subgroup analyses revealed discrepancies between suburban and rural parents and parents of boys and girls. Conclusion: This study extends the application of discrete choice experiments to school-based programming, providing a unique way to design empirically based, stakeholder informed school programs, specifically within before and after school settings.
Work-Related Stress Was Not Associated with Increased Cancer Risk in a Population-Based Cohort Setting
Authors: Hadrévi Jenny , Myte Robin , Olsson Tommy , Palmqvist Richard , Slunga Järvholm Lisbeth , Van Guelpen Bethany 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background:
Stress is a commonly perceived cause of cancer, but the evidence to date is limited and inconclusive. We examined work-related stress in relation to cancer incidence in a population-based cohort, with outcome data from Swedish national registries.

Methods:
The study population included 113,057 participants in the Västerbotten Intervention Programme. HRs were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression, for cancer overall and for types with ≥500 cases, and adjusting for several potential confounders. The primary exposure was prediagnostic work-related stress, using the well established Karasek job demand/control model. Demand and control variables were dichotomized at the median, and participants were classified according to combinations of these categories. We also considered social network and aspects of quality of life.

Results:
“High-strain” work (high demand/low control) was not associated with cancer risk compared with “low-strain” work (low demand/high control): multivariable HR 1.01 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.94–1.08] for men and 0.99 (95% CI, 0.92–1.07) for women. Results were also null for most cancer types assessed: prostate, breast, colorectal, lung, and gastrointestinal (GI). The risk of GI cancer was lower for “passive” (low demand/low control) versus “low-strain” work, particularly for colorectal cancer in women: multivariable HR 0.71 (95% CI, 0.55–0.91), but statistical significance was lost after adjustment for multiple testing.

Conclusions:
The findings of this population-based, cohort study do not support a role for work-related stress in determining cancer risk.

Impact:
This study helps fill an important knowledge gap given the common concern about stress as a risk factor for cancer.
O papel da legislação urbanística nas transformações da paisagem nas bordas urbanas da cidade de Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ
Authors: Godoy Antonio Leandro Crespo de , Tângari Vera Regina 
Published: October 2021

Campos dos Goytacazes, localizada na região Norte Fluminense, vivenciou nas duas últimas décadas significativas transformações na paisagem urbana, alavancadas pela dinâmica de distribuição de royalties e participações especiais da produção petrolífera e pela intensificação das atividades e investimentos do mercado imobiliário. A expansão da mancha urbana ocorre junto às mudanças no ordenamento de uso e ocupação do solo que contribuem para o processo de espraiamento e fragmentação urbana. O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar, por meio da elaboração de mapas temáticos, o papel da legislação urbanística nas transformações da paisagem nas bordas urbanas da cidade, relacionando a estrutura fundiária historicamente marcada por raízes coloniais, a legislação de uso e ocupação do solo e as transformações na paisagem ocorridas nas décadas de 2000 e 2010.