bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infection Complications After Trauma Contribute to Increased in-Hospital Mortality in Mild Patients Compared With Severe Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using a Nationwide Trauma Registry in Japan
Authors: Komori Akira , Iriyama Hiroki , Kainoh Takako , Aoki Makoto , Naito Toshio , Abe Toshikazu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Infection is a very common but poor prognostic complication affecting trauma patients. However, the impact of infection on the prognosis of trauma patients according to severity remains unclear. We aimed to assess the impact of infection complications on in-hospital mortality among patients with trauma according to severity. Methods: This retrospective cohort study used a nationwide registry of trauma patients (Japan Trauma Data Bank). Patients aged ≥ 18 years with blunt or penetrating trauma who were admitted to intensive care units or general wards between 2004 and 2017 were included. We compared the baseline characteristics and outcomes between patients with and without infection and conducted a multivariable logistic regression analysis to investigate the impact of infection on in-hospital mortality according to trauma severity, which was classified as mild [Injury Severity Score (ISS) < 15], moderate (ISS 15–29), or severe (ISS ≥ 30). Results: Among the 150,948 patients in this study, 10,172 (6.7%) developed infections. The severity of trauma was greater in patients with infection than those without [mild, 3,837 (37.7%) vs. 84,106 (59.7%); moderate, 4,518 (44.4%) vs. 47,809 (34.0%); severe, 1,817 (17.9%) vs. 8,861 (6.3%), p < 0.01]. Patients with infection had greater in-hospital mortality than patients without infection [1,079 (10.6%) vs. 2,904 (2.1%), p < 0.01]. After adjusting for clinical characteristics, in-hospital mortality differed significantly between trauma patients with and without infection according to trauma severity [16.7% (95% CI; 14.6%–18.8%) vs. 3.6% (95% CI; 3.3%–3.9%), p < 0.01, in patients with mild trauma; 12.3% (95% CI; 11.0%–13.6%) vs. 7.3% (95% CI; 6.9%–7.7%), p < 0.01, in patients with moderate trauma; and 12.0% (95% CI; 9.8%–14.2%) vs. 11.1% (95% CI; 9.8%–12.4%), p = 0.41, in patients with severe trauma].Conclusion: The effect of infection complications in patients with trauma on in-hospital mortality differs by trauma severity.
Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Intestinal Barrier in Patients Undergoing Gastrointestinal Surgery - A Single-Centre Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Qi Yupeng , Ma Wenjing , Cao Yingya , Chen Qun , Xu Qiancheng , Xiao Shi , Lu Weihua , wang zhen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Gastrointestinal failure accounts for death in critically ill patients. This study aimed to explore the effect and mechanism of dexmedetomidine (DEX) in intestinal barrier function in critically ill patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery.Methods: Patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery were randomized into a DEX group (n=21) or an MID group (n=21). Sufentanil was used in both groups for analgesia. In the DEX group, DEX was loaded (1 µg/kg) before sedation and was infused (0.7 µg/kg/h) during sedation. The mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), borborygmus resumption time (BRT), first defecation time (FDT), stay of ICU and hospital were observed. The DAO, D-LAC, TNF-α, IL-6 and α7nAChR levels in plasma or haemocytes were detected before the start of the sedation (0 h) and after the sedation (24 h).Results: There were no significant differences in age, sex, BMI, APACHE II score, SOFA (P>0.05). The MAP between 0 and 24 h presented no significant difference between the groups (P > 0.05), but HR was significantly slower in the DEX group (P=0.042). The recovery time of bowel sounds was significantly earlier in the DEX group (P=0.034). Both of the stay of ICU (P=0.016) and hospital (P=0.031) were significantly shorter in the DEX group. The expression of α7nAChR in the DEX group was significantly higher at 24 h than at 0 h (P=0.002). The D-LAC decreased significantly in the DEX group than MID group at 24 h (P=0.016).Conclusions: DEX maintained the integrity of the intestinal barrier in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway.Trial registration:ChiCTR1900024367. Registered 7 July 2019-Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=40832
Pro-Poor Growth in Different Economic Sectors in Iran: A Zenga Index Approach
Authors: Karimi Mohammad Sharif , Delangizan Sohrab , daiari Elham Heshmati 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Poverty is one of the most important issues in developing countries; thus, poverty and poverty reduction have always been a concern for nations. This unbearable social phenomenon, which must be controlled, is out of control in most of developing countries. This study aimed to develop coordination and interrelation between economic growth, inequality, and poverty in Iran. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine how much economic growth reduces poverty by calculating pro-poor growth index (PEGR) for service, industry, and agriculture sectors in urban and rural areas in Iran from 2005 to 2018. Besides, it assessed the effect of changes in the average income and the distribution of income on poverty. We identified economic sectors with pro-poor growth. The findings of the research indicated that there was pro poor growth just in the rural service sector in Iran. In addition, although the distribution effects decreased poverty in the other sectors, total poverty increased under the period because of the negative growth. Also, the Zanga index results indicate that inequality has decreased in all sectors during the period.Jel Classification: O47, D33, I32, O15, D63
Factors Associated with Unsuccessful Treatment of Tuberculosis in Arsi-Robe Hospital, Arsi Zone, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Assefa Addisu , Girma Ararsa , Kloos Helmut 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis remains a major global health problem and ranks along with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as a leading cause of mortality worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the treatment outcome of tuberculosis, and factors associated with treatment outcome of tuberculosis in TB patients enrolled in Arsi-Robe Hospital, Oromia regional state, South eastern Ethiopia between January 2013 to December 2017. Methods: An Institutional-based retrospective study was conducted in Arsi-Robe Hospital from 2013 to 2017 in study patients who had all forms of TB in DOTS clinic. The predictors of treatment outcomes were analyzed through bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis and a P-value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Out of the 257 registered TB patients, most of them were males (57.9%), from rural areas (62.6%) and in age of 15-24 category (39.3%). PTB-, PTB+ and EPTB were recorded in 48.2%, 32% and 19.8% of the patients, respectively. Among all cases, 8.6% had TB-HIV co-infection. Among all TB cases, 84.0% had successful treatment outcome. TB patients from urban areas (AOR: 3.34, 95% CI: 1.33­8.38, P = 0.01), with failure treatment (AOR: 6.66, 95% CI = 1.12- 39.57; P = 0.037) and HIV positive (AOR: 4.92, 95% CI = 1.38-17.51; P = 0.014) had higher odd of unsuccessful treatment outcome of tuberculosis. However, TB patients with PTB+ (AOR: 0.1470, 95% CI = 0.031-0.687; P = 0.015) and EPTB (AOR: 0.194, 95% CI = 0.054-0.688; P = 0.011) had significantly lesser odd of unsuccessful treatment outcome. Conclusions: Being urban resident, treatment failure and HIV positive considerably challenge the treatment outcome of tuberculosis, but being PTB+ and EPTB were associated with higher treatment success rate of TB. Continuous follow-up of patients with unsuccessful treatment outcome of tuberculosis with strengthened implementation of the DOTs strategies are suggested. Trial Registered: retrospectively registered
Mortality Rate and Case Fatality Rate of COVID-19 Around The World: An Adjusted Estimation
Authors: Soodejani Moslem Taheri , Haghdoost Ali Akbar , Lotfi Mohammad Hassan , Mahmudimanesh Marzieh , Tabatabaei Seyyed Mohammad 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The present study is designed to predict the global adjusted values for mortality rate and case fatality rate of COVID-19 around the world. Methods: This research was conducted at the ecological level using data from 100 countries which were chosen randomly. The adjusted values were predicted using beta regression considering predictive factors such as total expenditure on health per capita, expenditure on health as a percentage of GDP, life expectancy and the percentage of the population aged over 65 years, hospital beds (per 1000 population), physicians (per 1000 population), nurses (per 1000 population), prevalence of smoking, prevalence of diabetes mellitus, and number of confirmed tests in each country. In the end, applying Monte Carlo simulation, the adjusted values of mortality rate and case fatality rate for the whole world were estimated.Results: The results of this study showed that two factors including percentage of population ages 65 and above (P=0.03) and Total expenditure on health as % of GDP (P = 0.04) had a statistically significant relationship with the case fatality rate. Moreover, there was a statistically significant relationship between the mortality rate and life expectancy (P = 0.02), total expenditure on health per capita (P < 0.001), nurses (Per 1000 Population) (P=0.04), and the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (P=0.04). The mortality rate and case fatality rate for the whole world were estimated to be 0.000001 and 0.026, respectively.Conclusion: It seems that what can cause global concern is not the case fatality rate of the disease, but its mortality rate, which is directly related to the health status of a community. The worse the health status of a community, the greater the number of infected people likely to be there, that ultimately increases the mortality rate of the disease in the community.
HPV, p16 and p53 As Indicators of Response to Survival in Larynx Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: LIU KE , Gao Jin , Tao Zhen-chao , Qian Li-ting 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To analyze the relationship between the prognosis of patients with larynx squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, p16 and p53 protein expression. Methods: All patients were treated at the department of radiation oncology, Anhui provincial hospital, between May 2005 and May 2012. The 41 consecutive patients with LSCC were treated surgically and received postoperative radiotherapy. Analyses of pathology specimen were surgically removed and performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples. HPV DNA sequences in tumor tissues were screened by a commercial Luminex technique for HPVs and HPV-specific PCR assays. P16 and p53 protein expression were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Overall survival(OS)and progression-free survival(PFS)for HPV-positive and HPV-negative patients, p16-positive and p16-negative patients, p53-positive and p53-negative patients were estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Cox regression model was used for multivariate analysis. Results: HPV-DNA was detected in 4(9.7%)of all specimens. Among them, 3 were positive for HPV-56,1 for HPV-16. With the follow-up of 3-78 months(a median of 34 months),patients with HPV-positive tumors had better overall survival than patients with HPV-positive tumors(75% vs 61%, P>0.05). Multivariate analysis by Cox regression model showed that nodal status was independent prognostic factors for patients with LSCC(P<0.05). Conclusions: HPV status is not an independent prognostic factor. Nodal status was independent prognostic factors for patients with LSCC.
Detection of subgenome bias using an anchored syntenic approach in Eleusine coracana (finger millet)
Authors: Hall Nathan Daniel , Patel Jinesh D , McElroy Joseph Scott , Goertzen Leslie Richard 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Finger millet (Eleusine coracana 2n=4x=36 ) is a hardy, nutraceutical, climate change tolerant, orphan crop that is consumed throughout eastern Africa and India. Its genome has been sequenced multiple times, but A and B subgenomes could not be separated because no published genome for E. indica existed. The classification of A and B subgenomes is important for understanding the evolution of this crop and provide a means to improve current and future breeding programs. Results: We produced subgenome calls for 704 syntenic blocks and inferred A or B subgenomic identity for 59,377 genes 81% of the annotated genes. Phylogenetic analysis of a super matrix containing 455 genes shows high support for A and B divergence within the Eleusine genus. Synonymous substitution rates between A and B genes support A and B calls. The repetitive content on highly supported B contigs is higher than that on similar A contigs. Analysis of syntenic singletons showed evidence of biased fractionation showed a pattern of A genome dominance, with 61% A , 37% B and 1% unassigned, and was further supported by the pattern of loss observed among cyto-nuclear interacting genes.Conclusion: The evidence of individual gene calls within each syntenic block, provides a powerful tool for inference for subgenome classification. Our results show the utility of a draft genome in resolving A and B subgenomes calls, primarily it allows for the proper polarization of A and B syntenic blocks. There have been multiple calls for the use of phylogenetic inference in subgenome classification, our use of synteny is a practical application in a system that has only one parental genome available.
Effect of Vitamin C on mortality of critically ill patients with severe pneumonia in intensive care unit: A preliminary study
Authors: Mahmoodpoor Ata , Shadvar Kamran , Sanaie Sarvin , Hadipoor Mir Reza , Pourmoghaddam Mohammad Ata , saghaleini seied hadi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Critically ill patients frequently suffer from vitamin C deficiency. Previous studies showed that high doses of vitamin C administration had conflicting results on clinical outcomes in patients with severe sepsis, burns and trauma. Because of the high incidence and morbidity/mortality with severe pneumonia, we aimed to investigate the effect of administration of high dose vitamin C in critically ill patients with severe pneumonia. Methods: Eighty critically ill patients with pneumonia were enrolled in this randomized double blinded clinical trial. Patients with CURB-65 score >3, one major criteria, or ≥3 minor criteria were considered as severe pneumonia. Patients were randomly assigned to intervention or placebo groups receiving standard treatment plus 60 mg/kg/day vitamin C as continuous infusion or normal saline in the same volume correspondingly for 96 hours. Serum levels of vitamin C were noted at baseline and 48 hours after vitamin C administration. Duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU length of stay, PaO 2 /FiO 2 and mortality rate were noted for all patients till the 28 th day. Any complications related to the vitamin C administration were recorded. (IRCT registration number: IRCT20190312043030N1 , Registration date: 2019-08-26 , seied hadi saghaleini). Results: Duration of mechanical ventilation and vasopressor use were significantly lower in intervention group ( p : <0.001 and 0.003, respectively). Baseline levels of vitamin C in both groups did not have significant difference but its levels increased in intervention group and decreased in control group during the study period. Mortality rate insignificantly decreased in intervention group ( p : 0.17). Three patients showed hypotension and tachycardia during the administration of vitamin C which was self-limited with decreasing the dose of vitamin C. Conclusion: Our results showed that the intravenous administration of a relatively high dose of vitamin C to critically ill patients with severe pneumonia was safe and could decrease the inflammation, duration of mechanical ventilation and vasopressor use without any significant effect on mortality ( P value: 0.17).
Trichoderma asperellum as a promising mycofungicide for managing the dieback disease of tea Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze
Authors: kumhar kishor , Babu Azariah , Arulmarianathan John Peter , Deka Bhabesh , Bordoloi Mitali , Rajbongshi Hirakjyoti , Dey Pritam 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The dieback disease of tea caused by Fusarium solani is one of the major constraints in determining its production and quality. Genus Trichoderma is a promising biocontrol agent to control the dieback without any residual effect and is the most suitable option for integrated disease management approach. A few local Trichoderma spp were isolated from tea rhizosphere of the Dooars zone and preliminary identified. Based on dual culture bioassay, the most efficient isolate got re-identified from well reputed national institutes and its liquid formulation (2% Aqueous Suspension) was prepared. Different concentrations of this formulation, T. harzianum and Hexaconazole were evaluated for the control of dieback disease and other parameters for two seasons in three zones under field conditions. Results: The fungal antagonist (KBN-29) was identified as T. asperellum based on characteristics such as regular mycelial branching, typically paired conidiophores with straight phialides and globose to sub-globose shaped conidia. It had the maximum control of dieback pathogen in lab experiment. Spray of T. asperellum formulation at 1200 and 1000 ml/ha concentration conferred comparatively better disease control and enhanced the yield of green tea leaves. The formulation was safe to non-target beneficial insects in all three zones without any phytotoxicity to tea leaves at 4, 8, and 16ml/L concentrations.ConclusionsThe present study confirms that T. asperellum 2% AS formulation was significantly superior in managing the dieback disease of tea plantations in Darjeeling, Dooars, and Assam zones at concentration of 1200 followed by 1000 ml / ha during both seasons. The maximum made tea yield was achieved in plots treated with T. asperellum at 1200 followed 1000 ml/ha. This formulation was safe to beneficial insects viz., C. carnea, O. javanus, and S. gilvifrons, furthermore it was not phytotoxic to tea leaves at 4 to 16ml/L concentrations.
Prevalence of Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection among Indian HIV-positive Men who have Sex with Men: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Hernandez Alexandra Lydia , Karthik Rajiv , Sivasubramanian Murugesan , Raghavendran Anantharam , Lensing Shelly , Lee Jeannette Y , Abraham Priya , Mathai Dilip , Palefsky Joel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been causally linked to a subset of oropharyngeal cancers in Western populations15-20, and both oropharyngeal cancer and oral HPV infection are increased among HIV-positive individuals24,41. India has high incidences of oral and oropharyngeal cancers, and Indian HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) may be at increased risk of developing oropharyngeal cancers. However, there is little information available on the prevalence of oral HPV in this population.Methods: We tested 302 HIV-positive Indian MSM for oral HPV infection using L1 HPV DNA PCR with probes specific for 29 types and a mixture of 10 additional types. CD4+ level and plasma HIV viral load (VL) were measured. Participants completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire including a sexual history.Results: The prevalence of oral HPV was 23.7% (95% CI: 19-29%) and 2.4% of participants had oncogenic HPV types. No participants had oral HPV type 16 (HPV-16) and the prevalence of other anogenital HPV types was low. Participants with higher CD4+ levels had reduced odds of having any oral HPV infection (OR: 3.1 [1.4-6.9]) in multivariable analyses. Conclusions: This is the first report of oral HPV among Indian HIV-positive MSM. Our results show a high prevalence of oral HPV infection consistent with studies from Western populations. However, oncogenic anogenital HPV types were relatively uncommon in our study population. It is unknown what the impact of this distribution of oral HPV will be on oropharyngeal cancers. HIV-positive MSM in India should be monitored closely for oral and oropharyngeal pre-cancer and cancer.
Development of the Gait Outcomes Assessment List for Lower Limb Differences (GOAL-LD) Questionnaire: A Child and Parent Reported Outcome Measure
Authors: Dermott Jennifer A , Wright Virginia , Salbach Nancy M , Narayanan Unni G 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: To develop a priority-based patient/parent reported outcome measure for children with lower-limb differences (LD) by adapting the Gait Outcomes Assessment List (GOAL) questionnaire. Methods: Guided by a conceptual framework of patient priorities, the GOAL questionnaire was iteratively modified and its sensibility evaluated by field-testing it on children with LD, and their parents. Cognitive interviews were conducted with a subgroup of these children, and an e-survey administered to a multidisciplinary group of health care professionals with expertise in paediatric LD. Findings were integrated to create the final version of the GOAL-LD.Results: Twenty-five children (9-18 years), 20 parents, and 31 healthcare professionals evaluated the content and sensibility of the GOAL, with an emphasis on the relevance and importance of the items to patients’ health related quality of life (HRQL). This resulted in the retention of 26 of the original 50 items, elimination of 12, modification of 12, and addition of seven new items. The new 45-item GOAL-LD questionnaire was shown to be sensible and its content deemed important.Conclusions: The GOAL-LD questionnaire has a high level of face and content validity, and sensibility. It comprehensively captures the HRQL goals and outcomes that matter to children with LD and their parents. Following further psychometric evaluation, the GOAL-LD may serve as a much needed evaluate patient and parent reported outcome measure for this population.