bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collaborating on the Design and Manufacture of an Atomic Artifact Transport System: A Case Study in VRML As a Visualization Tool for Consensus Building
Authors: Allen R. H. , Nidamarthi S. , Rao P. V. M. , Rhorer R. , Sriram R. D. , Teague E. C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We report on our experience using the Virtual Reality Markup Language (VRML) to collaborate on the design and manufacture of an artifact transport system (ATS). Specifically designed for the purpose of transporting nanometer-scale dimensional artifacts at pressures ∼10−8 Pa, the ATS consists of a transport cart and an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) system. As its name implies, the ATS is to transport an atomically-accurate specimen created in a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) laboratory to a scanning tunnel microscope (STM) laboratory across the NIST campus, where metrologists verify atomic-scale measurements. The project team involved between 15 and 20 participants — designers, engineers, physicists and manufacturers — and each individual was involved with the design and assembly of the ATS to varying degrees. After the project engineers developed their assembly models with their CAD tools, we exported the components and assemblies to VRML files. These representations were made available, via web browsers with VRML viewers, for feedback to project team members on their own workstations, which included PCs, Macintoshes and Suns. The port involved characterizing the simulation’s performance over a range of parameters such as processor capability, file size, VRAM available and graphics card capability. After meeting with the fabricators and physicists to determine the approximate assembly sequence of the ATS, we edited, augmented and animated the VRML files on a high-end workstation. By visualizing the animation sequence in a common facility with a videowall, participants were able to reach a consensus for the design and assembly changes needed. We conclude that VRML did help our team collaborate in the design and fabrication processes, although the technology supplemented, rather that supplanted face-to-face meetings. Our experience with VRML on multiple workstations leads us also to conclude that the language needs to be characterized to enhance easy development of engineering models and to achieve true and complete platform-independence.
Augmenting a Design Capture and Reuse System Based on Direct Observations of Usage
Authors: Liang Tao , Cannon David M. , Leifer Larry J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we describe recent experimental results from an ongoing design knowledge capture and reuse project. In the past several years, an increasing amount of the design work in the ME210 design course at Stanford, in which teams work for 30 weeks on industrially-sponsored real-world projects, has been captured in electronic format. This design information consists of design notes, drawings, reports, slide presentations, emails, vendor references, and even, in some cases, summaries of phone conversations, meeting minutes, and the like. The large corpus of captured information from the period of 1994 to 1996 was made available to the teams working on projects during the 1996–1997 academic year. A variety of filing and indexing schemes were used to organize the past data and help the teams sift through it. Because the data was all made available over a web server, we were able to collect information on access to it. We have thus had a chance to learn from studying the usage of a large body of captured design knowledge. Results from our analysis suggest that there were significant under-utilization of design work of others: there was only 8% access to past works, vs. 92% to the current year’s; and, there was only 15% access to design project-specific information, vs. 85% on logistic resources information. Important lessons have guided our efforts to improve the effectiveness of that usage based on what we’ve learned. These lessons include:
• Informal design information is more useful to a broader audience when it is contextualized. We have put in place a capture system that makes it possible for students to add context to any information that’s been captured, and also specific reward structure, encouraging engineers to store, contextualize, and reuse captured design information. Preliminary observations suggest that this is worth the investment for a project as a whole.
• It is important to accommodate a heterogeneous computing environment, both for capture and reuse; to support multiple methods for finding information; and to provide a uniform, well-behaved way of displaying archived documents.
• In explaining our observations of varying levels of success in design capture systems, we have identified some patterns of enquiry and retrieval usage that are analogous to the patterns seen in library usage. Thus we identify library science as a valuable source of knowledge that until now has been under used by the design community.
Epidemiology and characteristics of firearm injuries in a French level I trauma centre, 2009–2019
Authors: Fernandez Marie , Saccardy Claire , Letissier Hoel , Dubrana Frédéric , Di Francia Rémi 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundFirearm injuries (FI) are an increasing problem in Europe but there have been few European epidemiological studies on civilian FI, particularly in France. This study investigated the epidemiology of FI at a French level I trauma centre.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted of all patients admitted to our centre with an FI between January 2009 and December 2019. We investigated the epidemiological trends of FI during the study period, and characterised the FI.ResultsA total of 162 patients were victims of FI. Prevalence was 0.11% and the mean annual incidence was 10.4 per 100 000 habs. A significant increase has been observed over the last 10 years, from 5 cases in 2009 (3.1%) to 30 in 2019 (18.5%). Of the 162 victims, 85 (52.5%) died as a direct result of the FI: 72 suicides (88.9%) and 9 victims of urban violence (11.1%) (armed public environment disorder). 95.3% of the patients died before reaching at the hospital. There were 95 cases (58.7%) of suicide and 33 cases (20.4%) of urban violence. The head was shot in 87 cases (48.9%), the thorax in 32 cases (18.5%) and the lower limbs in 24 cases (13.5%). A total of 106 surgeries were performed on 54 patients (33.3%).ConclusionsWe identified 162 cases of FI with a mean annual incidence of 10.4 per 100 000 habs. A significant increase in FI was observed over the last 10 years. 52.2% of patients died, and the main context was suicide or attempted suicide.
Intracoronary Thrombolysis in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Chen Ling , Shi Liye , Tian Wen , Zhao Shijie 
Published: February 2021

Background: The effects of intracoronary (IC) thrombolysis therapy in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) receiving primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) remain unclear. Methods: The meta-analysis was conducted according to the PRISMA statement. All relevant studies were identified by searching the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, with no time or language limitation. The pooled risk ratio (RR) and weighted mean difference (WMD) with a 95% CI were calculated. Results: Nine randomized controlled trials involving a total of 1341 patients were included. Compared with the control group, IC thrombolysis in patients with STEMI could reduce the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE; RR 0.632, 95% CI, 0.474-0.843, P = .002) and improve left ventricular ejection fraction (RR 0.343, 95% CI, 0.178-0.509, P < .001) and myocardial microcirculation. However, there was no difference noted in the mortality (RR 0.759, 95% CI, 0.347-1.661, P = .490). The incidence rate of major bleeding and minor bleeding was comparable between the 2 groups. Conclusions: Intracoronary thrombolysis was associated with improved MACE and myocardial microcirculation in patients with STEMI having PPCI, though it failed to improve mortality.
Risk Factors for Potential Mental Illness Among Brazilians in Quarantine Due To COVID-19
Authors: Filgueiras Alberto , Stults-Kolehmainen Matthew 
Published: February 2021

Background During quarantine, both physical and mental health are a concern. To the same extent that physicians are a scarce resource during this crisis, psychiatrists and psychologists are also limited in number. To help practitioners and public managers decide where to invest their resources, the present research investigated the relationships of stress, depression and state anxiety levels with sociodemographic and behavioural variables. Methods Data were collected in Brazil between March, 18 and 22, 2020 in 1,468 volunteers during quarantine. Participants with a history of or current mental health illnesses were excluded leaving 1,460 individuals in the final sample. The online assessment included instruments for psychological stress, depression and state anxiety. A sociodemographic and behavioural questionnaire with 15 items was used to assess other factors. Multiple linear regression was performed for each psychological outcome to determine a hierarchy of significant predictors. Findings Stress, depression and state anxiety levels were all predicted by gender (women higher than men), quality of nutrition, attendance in tele-psychotherapy, exercise frequency, presence of elderly persons in quarantine with the person, obligation to work outside the home, level of education (more educated, lesser risk for mental illness) and age (younger age, greater risk). Having a perceived risk factor for COVID-19 predicted depression and state anxiety, but not stress. Finally, the presence of children in quarantine with the participant was a protective factor for depression. Interpretation Even though this research is limited by its cross-sectional design, it is possible to infer that mental health varies by demographic attributes, obligations and health behaviours. Those who report higher distress must work outside the home during quarantine, live with an elderly person and carry a risk factor for COVID-19, among other factors. Identifying those who are most vulnerable would help to prioritize those who may need the greatest psychological aid and assist public health practitioners in developing support strategies.
Self-Rated Mentalizing Mediates the Relationship Between Stress and Coping in a Non-Clinical Sample
Authors: Schwarzer Nicola-Hans , Nolte Tobias , Fonagy Peter , Gingelmaier Stephan 
Published: February 2021

Background The clinical concept of mentalizing has recently been extended into non-clinical contexts. In particular, the protective function of robust mentalizing as a processing capacity of interpersonal and intrapsychic events has become a focus of consideration. Theoretical approaches hypothesize that mentalizing may allow for an adequate self-awareness in the face of aversive experiences such as stress, leading to a reappraisal of these experiences and therefore enables the use of adaptive coping behaviors. Objective The study aimed to investigate the association between coping behavior, mentalizing and experiences of stress. Method 534 healthy adults completed the German-language Stress Processing Questionnaire (SVF), the Mentalization Questionnaire (MZQ), and a short scale of the Trierer Inventory of Chronic Stress (TICS) in a cross-sectional research design. Results Correlational analyses suggested associations between coping and mentalizing. Furthermore, MZQ scores predicted both positive and negative coping behavior. The relationship between stress and both negative and positive coping was mediated by mentalizing capacity. Conclusion Findings confirm the hypothesis that mentalizing may represent a coping resource within a resilience framework. An implementation of the concept in preventive mental health interventions is discussed.
Discordance Between Perinatal Alcohol Use Among Women and Provider Counseling for Alcohol Use: An Assessment of the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System
Authors: Thompson Erika L. , Barnett Tracey E. , Litt Dana M. , Spears Erica C. , Lewis Melissa A. 
Published: February 2021

Objective In the United States, guidelines indicate all pregnant women should be screened for and counseled on alcohol use to prevent adverse perinatal outcomes due to alcohol consumption. The objective of this study was to describe sociodemographic factors associated with receipt of prenatal alcohol counseling and perinatal alcohol use among US women. Methods State health departments collected data for the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System Phase 7 during 2012-2015, and we restricted the sample to a complete case analysis (N = 135 111). The 3 dichotomous outcomes were preconception alcohol use (3 months before pregnancy), prenatal alcohol use (during last 3 months of pregnancy), and prenatal alcohol counseling. Predictor variables were age, race, Hispanic ethnicity, education, marital status, health insurance status, and previous live births. We estimated survey-weighted logistic regression models for each outcome. Results Half (56.0%) of pregnant women reported preconception alcohol use, 70.5% received prenatal alcohol counseling, and 7.7% reported prenatal alcohol use during the last 3 months of pregnancy. Black women were significantly less likely than White women (odds ratio [OR] = 0.49; 95% CI, 0.46-0.52) and Hispanic women were significantly less likely than non-Hispanic women (OR = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.58-0.66) to report preconception alcohol use. We found similar patterns for prenatal alcohol use among Black women. Black women were significantly more likely than White women (OR = 1.66; 95% CI, 1.55-1.77) and Hispanic women were significantly more likely than non-Hispanic women (OR = 1.51; 95% CI, 1.40-1.61) to receive prenatal alcohol counseling. We found similar patterns for age, education, and health insurance status. Conclusion Disparities in alcohol counseling occurred despite the national recommendation for universal screening and counseling prenatally. Continued integration of universal screening for alcohol use during pregnancy is needed.
Epidemiology of depression in primary care: Findings from the Mental Health in Primary Care (MeHPriC) project, Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Adewuya Abiodun O , Oladipo Olabisi , Ajomale Tolu , Adewumi Tomilola , Momodu Olufisayo , Olibamoyo Olushola , Adesoji Olabanji , Adegbokun Adedayo , Adegbaju Dapo 
Published: February 2021

Objective To estimate the rate and correlates of depression in primary care using data from the Mental Health in Primary Care (MeHPriC) project, Lagos, Nigeria. Methods Adult attendees (n=44,238) of 57 primary care facilities were evaluated for depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Apart from the socio-demographic details, information was also collected regarding the use of alcohol and other psychoactive substances, presence of chronic medical problems, level of functionality, and perceived social support. Anthropometrics measures (weight and height) and blood pressure were also recorded. Results A total of 27,212 (61.5%) of the participants were females. There were 32,037 (72.4%) participants in the age group 25-60 years. The rate of major depression (PHQ-9 score 10 and above) was 15.0% (95% CI 14.6–15.3). The variables independently associated with depression include age 18–24 years (OR 1.69), female sex (OR 2.39), poor social support (OR 1.14), having at least one metabolic syndrome component (OR 1.57), significant alcohol use (OR 1.13) and functional disability (OR 1.38). Conclusion Our study showed that the rate of depression in primary care in Nigeria is high. Screening for all primary care attendees for depression will be an important step towards scaling up mental health services in Nigeria and other developing countries.
Contralateral Transmaxillary Approach for Resection of Chondrosarcoma of the Petrous Apex: A Case Report
Authors: Lawrence Jesse D. , Marsh Robert , Turner Meghan T. 
Published: February 2021

Background: Deep location and neurovascular structures make access to lesions of the petrous apex a significant challenge. A novel approach for these tumors is the contralateral transmaxillary approach. Clinical Presentation: A 31-year-old male was evaluated for left abducens nerve palsy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography revealed an enhancing, lytic lesion of the petrous apex with extension to the cavernous sinus and petroclival junction. The patient underwent a combined endoscopic contralateral transmaxillary and endoscopic endonasal transclival approach for resection of the lesion. No new or worsening neurologic deficits were noted following the procedure. Pathology revealed low-grade chondrosarcoma (grade I). Postoperative MRI revealed gross total resection of the lesion. Patient underwent adjuvant radiation therapy at the discretion of radiation oncology. Conclusion: The contralateral transmaxillary approach to the petrous apex allows for resection of lesions of the petrous apex with the ability to extend the dissection laterally. Excellent results achieved by institutions with advanced extended endoscopic endonasal experience can be reproduced in institutions with less experience. Further characterization of the risks and benefits of this approach is needed.
ENT Referral From Emergency Department During COVID-19: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Campagnoli Massimo , Cerasuolo Michele , Renna Martina , Dell’Era Valeria , Valletti Paolo Aluffi , Garzaro Massimiliano 
Published: February 2021

Purpose: COVID-19 pandemic transformed the health system response worldwide. The aim of this study is to report changes about numbers and reason for ENT consultations in emergency department (ED) during COVID-19 pandemic comparing with those occurred the previous year (2019). Methods: Data about patients admitted to adult and pediatric ED were collected from March 1 to May 31, 2019 and 2020. Patients referred for urgency from general practitioners were excluded from the study. Results: Global ED admission (except for dyspnea or COVID-19–related symptoms) dramatically decreased during pandemic (−50.9% among adults and −71.4% among pediatrics). At the same time, ENT consultancy significantly reduced too, by 71.5% ( P < .01) among adults and 45.1% ( P < .01) for pediatrics. Among adults, it was reported a statistically significant decrease in consultation for ear problems (−88.5%, P = .0146). Reduction in ENT referral for bone fracture (−40%, P = .059), vertigo (−77.8%, P = .637), and tonsillitis (−87.5%, P = .688) was consistent, but not significant. Among pediatric patients, it was observed an increase by 25% about foreign bodies (12 vs 15, P < .01). A reduction in numbers of consults for ear problem (−90.8%; P = .045), epistaxis (−80%; P = .196), and nasal fracture (−70%; P = .36) was also observed. Conclusion: Fear of infection and the forced lock down caused a significant decrease in the number of ED accesses and in ENT consultancy. These data may suggest that some ED referral usually could be deferred, but on the other hand, pandemic will cause a great diagnostic delay.
Association of Obstructive Sleep Apnea With the Risk of Repeat Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yang Shu-Han , Xing Yong-Sheng , Wang Zeng-Xia , Liu Yan-Bin , Chen Hong-Wei , Ren Yan-Feng , Chen Jing-Ling , Li Sheng-Bo , Wang Zhi-Fang 
Published: February 2021

Background: The impact of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on subsequent cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains inconclusive. Aim: Our aim was to systematically assess the relationship between preexisting OSA and adverse cardiovascular events in patients with newly diagnosed ACS by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library for studies published up to May 1, 2020, that reported any association between OSA and cardiovascular events in patients with newly diagnosed ACS. The main outcomes were a composite of all-cause or cardiovascular death, recurrent myocardial infarction, stroke, repeat revascularization, or heart failure. We conducted a pooled analysis using the random-effects model. We also performed subgroup, sensitivity, heterogeneity analysis, and the assessment of publication bias. Results: We identified 10 studies encompassing 3350 participants. The presence of OSA was associated with increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events in newly prognosed ACS (risk ratio [RR] 2.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.45-3.26, P < .001, I2 = 64%). Between-study heterogeneity was partially explained by a multicenter study (9 single-center studies, RR 2.33 95% CI 1.69-3.19, I2 =18%), and I2 remarkably decreased from 64% to 18%. Moreover, OSA significantly increased the incidence of repeat revascularization (8 studies) and heart failure (6 studies) in patients with newly diagnosed ACS. Conclusion: Patients with preexisting OSA are at greater risk of subsequent cardiovascular events after onset of ACS. Further studies should investigate the treatment of OSA in patient with ACS.
2017 National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support
Authors: Beck Joni , Greenwood Deborah A. , Blanton Lori , Bollinger Sandra T. , Butcher Marcene K. , Condon Jo Ellen , Cypress Marjorie , Faulkner Priscilla , Fischl Amy Hess , Francis Theresa , Kolb Leslie E. , Lavin-Tompkins Jodi M. , MacLeod Janice , Maryniuk Melinda , Mensing Carolé , Orzeck Eric A. , Pope David D. , Pulizzi Jodi L. , Reed Ardis A. , Rhinehart Andrew S. , Siminerio Linda , Wang Jing 
Published: February 2021

Purpose The purpose of this study is to review the literature for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) to ensure the National Standards for DSMES (Standards) align with current evidence-based practices and utilization trends. Methods The 10 Standards were divided among 20 interdisciplinary workgroup members. Members searched the current research for diabetes education and support, behavioral health, clinical, health care environment, technical, reimbursement, and business practice for the strongest evidence that guided the Standards revision. Results Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support facilitates the knowledge, skills, and ability necessary for diabetes self-care as well as activities that assist a person in implementing and sustaining the behaviors needed to manage their condition on an ongoing basis. The evidence indicates that health care providers and people affected by diabetes are embracing technology, and this is having a positive impact of DSMES access, utilization, and outcomes. Conclusion Quality DSMES continues to be a critical element of care for all people with diabetes. The DSMES services must be individualized and guided by the concerns, preferences, and needs of the person affected by diabetes. Even with the abundance of evidence supporting the benefits of DSMES, it continues to be underutilized, but as with other health care services, technology is changing the way DSMES is delivered and utilized with positive outcomes.