bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early detection of prostate cancer in firefighters: a register-based study of prognostic factors and survival
Authors: Jakobsen Jarle , Veierød Marit B , Grimsrud Tom K , Fosså Sophie Dorothea , Hammarström Bato , Kjærheim Kristina 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesTo examine age at diagnosis, prognostic factors and survival of prostate cancer (PCa) in Norwegian firefighters and three other occupations undergoing occupational health check-ups, and comparing with PCa cases in the general population.MethodsAll PCa cases diagnosed in 1960–2017 were extracted from the Cancer Registry of Norway. Firefighters, military employees, pilots and police officers were identified through occupational data from Statistics Norway. Age at diagnosis, clinical stage, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), Gleason score, performance status and overall survival and PCa-specific survival in cases in these occupations were compared with cases in the general population.ResultsFirefighters were significantly younger at PCa diagnosis than cases in the general population in 1960–1993 (mean difference: 2.1 years) and 2007–2017 (mean difference: 4.3 years). At diagnosis, firefighters had significantly lower PSA values, Gleason scores and performance status scores than the general population. Firefighters diagnosed in 2007–2017 had lower risk of all-cause death than the general population (crude HR 0.71 (0.53–0.95)). No difference remained after adjusting for age at diagnosis (HR 1.03 (0.77–1.37)). Firefighters were older at diagnosis in 1994–2006 (mean difference: 3.0 years), but showed no other significant differences in age at diagnosis, PSA values, Gleason scores or performance status compared with military employees, pilots and police officers.ConclusionsYounger age and better prognostic factors at PCa diagnosis among firefighters and other occupations with requirements for health check-ups than cases in the general population may indicate an increased diagnostic intensity, likely contributing to elevated PCa incidence in such occupations.
Perceived efficacy of HIV treatment-as-prevention among university students in Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Bor Jacob , Musakwa Nozipho , Onoya Dorina , Evans Denise 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveAntiretroviral therapy (ART) nearly eliminates HIV transmission. Yet information on treatment as prevention (TasP) has been slow to diffuse in sub-Saharan Africa. We assessed TasP knowledge among university students in South Africa.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey of first-year university students at a large public university in Johannesburg, South Africa, all of whom would have recently completed secondary school HIV curricula. Respondents were asked to consider the likelihood of HIV transmission in a serodiscordant couple having condomless sex with and without virally suppressive ART. Beliefs were elicited using a 0–20 visual scale. Perceived TasP efficacy was computed as the relative reduction in risk associated with virally suppressive ART. We compared beliefs with estimates from the scientific literature and assessed associations with demographics, HIV testing history and qualitative measures of HIV knowledge and risk perception.ResultsThe analysis included 365 university students ages 18-25 years (48% female, 56% from Gauteng Province). On average, perceived annual risk of HIV transmission with virally suppressive ART was 73%; the objective risk is <1%. On average, respondents perceived that virally suppressive ART reduced annual transmission risk by 17%; the objective reduction in risk is >96%. We observed no differences in perceived TasP efficacy by participant characteristics and testing history. Perceived TasP efficacy was correlated with the (correct) belief that HIV risk increases with sexual frequency.ConclusionsUniversity students in South Africa underestimated the prevention benefits of HIV treatment. Low knowledge of TasP could limit demand for HIV testing and treatment among young adults.
Life history contrasts in nutritional state and return probability of post-spawned Atlantic salmon
Authors: Bøe Kristin , Power Michael , Robertson Martha J. , Dempson J. Brian , Fleming Ian A. 
Published: September 2021

Using nonlethal tissue biopsies, we investigated somatic energy, lipid composition, and condition in post-spawned Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) (kelts, n = 69) returning to sea in the spring and explored contrasts as a function of previous migration and spawning history, length and sex. Using mark–recapture analysis, we also explored linkages between spawning history and probability of future repeat spawning. Lipid density was significantly higher in previously spawned individuals compared to first-time spawned fish and in females compared to males. Fatty acid composition differed significantly among spawning histories. Return rates to consecutive spawning the following year were consistent with spawning history-dependent differences in lipid density, as first-time spawned kelts had lower return rates compared to consecutive repeat spawned kelts. We suggest that spawning history related contrasts in nutritional state in post-spawned Atlantic salmon may be a carry-over effect of differences in the feeding habitat as affected by spawning-history-dependent migration strategies. Alternatively, it may represent an adaptive response to increased survival and recovery potential with age.
Exotic diboson $$Z'$$ decays in the U$$\mu \nu $$SSM
Authors: Aguilar-Saavedra J. A. , Lara I. , López-Fogliani D. E. , Muñoz C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSearches for new leptophobic resonances at high energy colliders usually target their decay modes into pairs of light quarks, top quarks, or standard model bosons. Additional decay modes may also be present, producing signatures to which current searches are not sensitive. We investigate the performance of generic searches that look for resonances decaying into two large-radius jets. As benchmark for our analysis we use a supersymmetric $$\text {U}(1)'$$

U

(
1
)

′

extension of the Standard Model, the so-called U$$\mu \nu $$

μ
ν

SSM, where all the SM decay modes of the $$Z'$$

Z
′

boson take place, plus additional (cascade) decays into new scalars. The generic searches use a generic multi-pronged jet tagger and take advantage of the presence of b quarks in the large-radius jets, and are sensitive to all these $$Z'$$

Z
′

decay modes (except into light quarks) at once. For couplings that are well below current experimental constraints, these generic searches are sensitive at the $$3\sigma -4\sigma $$

3
σ
-
4
σ

level with Run 2 LHC data.
Identification of Neuropeptides as Potential Crosstalks Linking Down Syndrome and Periodontitis Revealed by Transcriptomic Analyses
Authors: Chen Yue , Yu Xiaofei , Kong Jia 
Published: September 2021

Background. This bioinformatics study was aimed to investigate the relationship between periodontitis (PD) and Down Syndrome (DS) regarding potential crosstalk genes, related neuropeptides, and biological processes. Methods. Data for PD (GSE23586, GSE10334 and GSE16134) and DS (GSE35665) were downloaded from NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Following normalization and merging of PD data, differential expression analysis was performed (

p

value < 0.05 and

∣
log

FC
∣
≥
0.5

). The common deregulated genes between PD and DS were considered as crosstalk genes. The significantly differentially expressed genes were used to construct the coexpression network and to further identify coexpression gene modules. To acquire the significant modules, the significant expression level of genes in the module was used to analyze the enrichment of genes in each module. Neuropeptides were assessed from NeuroPedia database. Neuropeptide genes and crosstalk genes were merged and mapped into PPI network, and the correlation coefficient (Spearman) was determined for the crosstalk genes. Results. 138 crosstalk genes were predicted. According to the functional enrichment analysis, these genes significantly regulated different biological processes and pathways. In enrichment analysis, the significant module of DS was pink module, and turquoise module was significant in PD. Four common crosstalk genes were acquired, i.e., CD19, FCRL5, FCRLA, and HLA-DOB. In the complex network, INS and IGF2 interacted with CASP3 and TP53, which commonly regulated the MAPK signaling pathway. Moreover, the results showed that TP53 interacted with IGF2 and INS inducing the dysregulation of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. UBL was positively correlated with crosstalk genes in both diseases. LEP was revealed to be both a neuropeptide and crosstalk gene and was positively correlated with other crosstalk genes. Conclusion. Different crosstalk genes, related neuropeptides, and biological pathways and processes were revealed between PD and DS, which can serve as a theoretical basis for future research.
Localized Angiosarcoma, Not One Disease: A Retrospective Single-Center Study on Prognosis Depending on the Primary Site and Etiology
Authors: Schott Inna , Liffers Sven-Thorsten , Farzaliyev Farhad , Falkenhorst Johanna , Steinau Hans-Ulrich , Treckmann Jürgen-Walter , Podleska Lars Erik , Pöttgen Christoph , Schildhaus Hans-Ulrich , Ahrens Marit , Dirksen Uta , Murat Fatma-Zehra , Siveke Jens T. , Bauer Sebastian , Hamacher Rainer 
Published: September 2021

Background. Angiosarcomas are rare and heterogeneous tumors with poor prognosis. The clinical subtypes are classified depending on the primary site and etiology. Methods. We conducted a retrospective, monocentric study of 136 patients with localized AS between May 1985 and November 2018. Overall survival (OS), local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), and metastasis-free survival (MFS) were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. To identify prognostic factors, univariate and multivariate analyses were performed based on Cox regressions. Results. The median age was 67 years (19–72.8 years). Primary sites were cutaneous (27.2%), breast (38.2%), and deep soft tissue (34.6%). The majority was primary angiosarcomas (55.9%) followed by postradiation (40.4%) and chronic lymphedema angiosarcomas (2.9%). Prognosis significantly differed depending on the primary site and etiology. Shortest median OS and MFS were observed in deep soft tissue angiosarcomas, whereas cutaneous angiosarcomas, angiosarcomas of the breast, and radiation-associated angiosarcomas displayed worse median LRFS. Univariate analyses showed better OS for tumor size <10 cm (

p

= 0.009), negative surgical margins (

p

= 0.021), and negative lymph node status (

p

= 0.007). LRFS and MFS were longer for tumor size <10 cm (

p

= 0.012 and

p

= 0.013). In multivariate analyses, age <70 years was the only independent positive prognostic factor for OS in all subgroups. For LRFS, secondary AS of the breast was a negative prognostic factor (HR: 2.35;

p

= 0.035). Conclusions. Different behaviors and prognoses depending on the primary site and etiology should be considered for the treatment of this heterogeneous disease. In cutaneous angiosarcomas of the head/neck and postradiation angiosarcomas of the breast, local recurrence seems to have a crucial impact on OS. Therefore, improved local therapies and local tumor staging may have to be implemented. However, in deep soft tissue angiosarcomas, distant recurrence seems to have a major influence on prognosis, which indicates a benefit of additional perioperative chemotherapy.
How to Provide the Needed Protection from COVID-19 to Patients with Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Ribas Antoni , Dhodapkar Madhav V. , Campbell Katie M. , Davies Faith E. , Gore Steven D. , Levy Ronald , Greenberger Lee M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Summary:
Patients with hematologic malignancies are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 infections, and upon a pooled data analysis of 24 publications, there is evidence that they have suboptimal antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccination and boosters. To provide them the needed additional protection from COVID-19, it is imperative to achieve a 100% full immunization rate in health care workers and adult caretakers, and to foster research to test higher doses and repeated rounds of COVID-19 vaccines and the use of passive immune prophylaxis and therapy.
Poemas
Authors: Mota Maria Nilda 
Published: September 2021

A seção Criação tem por objetivo publicar textos e materiais inéditos de escritores e/ou artistas, fotógrafos, desenhistas, além de documentos inéditos encontrados no Arquivo do IEB/USP. Neste número, são publicados seis poemas de Dinha (Maria Nilda de Carvalho Mota). Dinha é poeta, militante contra o racismo, integrante e cofundadora do selo independente Edições Me Parió Revolução e pós-doutora em Literatura e Sociedade (IEB/USP). É autora dos livros De passagem mas não a passeio (2006), Zero a zero – quinze poemas contra o genocídio da população negra (2015), Maria do Povo/María Pepe Pueblo (2019) e Diário do fim do mundo (2020), dentre outros. Em 2019, foi homenageada como patrona da Academia Estudantil de Letras EMEF Candida Dora Pretini, na cidade de São Paulo.
Association of Quality of Life Measures and Otolaryngologic Care in Cystic Fibrosis Patients
Authors: Leong Stephen , Sharma Rahul K. , Safi Chetan , DiMango Emily , Keating Claire , Gudis David A. , Overdevest Jonathan B. 
Published: September 2021

Objectives: Appropriate management of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) among patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is important in improving quality of life. Otolaryngologists play a critical role in reducing CRS symptom burden. This study seeks to evaluate the role of patient-reported quality-of-life measures in guiding interventions for CF-related sinus disease. Methods: We performed a prospective, cross-sectional study of 105 patients presenting to a CF-accredited clinic between July and September 2018. Demographic data and sinus surgery history were collected, in addition to Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) and Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (QOD-NS) scores. Statistical analysis was conducted using correlation and non-parametric Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: Baseline well-care visits accounted for 71.4% of all clinical evaluations. Prior otolaryngology intervention was noted in 69 (66%) patients, where the majority of these patients (63/69; 91%) underwent endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Patients with a history of otolaryngology intervention had an average SNOT-22 score of 33.2 (SD = 20.6) compared to 24.9 (SD = 18.5) for patients without prior intervention ( P = .048). The average QOD-NS score was 5.5 (SD = 6.4) among patients referred to otolaryngologists and 3.1 (SD = 5.7) for non-referred patients ( P = .012). SNOT-22 and QOD-NS scores were modestly correlated ( R of .43). Conclusion: CF patients with symptoms resulting in worse quality-of-life assessments were more likely to have established coordinated care with an otolaryngologist. Further validation of the utility of SNOT-22 and QOD-NS questionnaires as care coordination metrics is necessary in the CF population.
I’m All Ears: A Population-Based Analysis of Consumer Product Foreign Bodies of the Ear
Authors: Helbing Alexandra H. B. , Straughan Alexander J. , Pasick Luke J. , Benito Daniel A. , Zapanta Philip E. 
Published: September 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the nationwide incidence of ear foreign body (FB) presentations to the emergency department (ED) and analyze the most common FB consumer products encountered. Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was evaluated for ED visits that included “ear foreign bodies” from 2010 through 2019. The most frequent foreign bodies were identified and organized by demographics. Results: A total of 20,545 ear FB cases were found, with an estimated 608,860 ED visits nationwide. Female patients (56%) were more likely to have jewelry and first aid equipment FBs. Males between the ages of 5 and 15 years were significantly ( P < 0.05) more likely to have paper products, pens/pencils, and desk supplies in their ears. Conclusion: Ear FBs represent a substantial proportion of healthcare expenditures. Although children are the most commonly affected individuals, all ages require further education and preventive measures.
Cannabinoids for the treatment of refractory neuropathic pruritus in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A case report
Authors: Lou Kelvin , Murphy Shane , Talbot Clair 
Published: September 2021

Background: Neuropathic symptoms have a wide variety of manifestations, ranging from pain to pruritus. Neuropathic pruritus is a type of chronic pruritus related to damaged small fibers. Cannabinoids have evidence to manage neuropathic symptoms. We present a case of refractory neuropathic pruritus that was successfully managed with the use of oral cannabinoids. Case presentation: A 60-year-old male with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with ongoing pruritus despite the use of standard neuropathic therapies. Possible course of action: Sodium channel and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists have evidence for neuropathic symptoms but can cause significant gastrointestinal side effects. Prescription cannabinoids such as nabiximol can be cost prohibitive to use in practice. Synthetic tetrahydrocannabinol products are dose limited by psychoactive side effects. Formulation of a plan: A balanced oral cannabinoid from a licensed producer was preferred as it has evidence for neuropathic symptoms and is generally well tolerated. Outcome: The patient showed improvement to his pruritus score from 7/10 to 3/10. There was initial increased sedation but tolerance developed quickly. Lessons learned from case: Cannabinoids are possibly safe and effective in management of neuropathic pruritus. View on research problems: Additional research is needed to establish efficacy and safety.
Psychological Well-Being and Cognitive Function among Older Adults in China: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study
Authors: Zhang Jiaan , Li Lydia W. , McLaughlin Sara J. 
Published: September 2021

Objectives This study aims to examine the relationship between psychological well-being (PWB) and cognitive function in older adults in China. Methods: Data are from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Analyses were restricted to 9,487 older persons (age ≥ 60) without cognitive impairment at baseline. Respondents were followed over a 12-year period. Cognitive function was assessed using the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (C-MMSE). PWB was assessed using a composite index capturing optimism, conscientiousness, neuroticism, loneliness, personal control, self-esteem, and happiness. Results: Multilevel mixed effects generalized linear models showed that respondents with greater PWB had a slower rate of cognitive decline over time, adjusting for sociodemographic and health characteristics. In addition, multilevel multinomial logistic regression models showed that greater PWB was associated with lower odds of developing cognitive impairment. Conclusions: Findings suggest that fostering PWB may prevent or delay adverse cognitive changes.
A Qualitative Systematic Review of Facilitators of and Barriers to Community Pharmacists–Led Anticoagulation Management Service
Authors: Egunsola Oluwaseun , Li Joyce W. , Mastikhina Liza , Akeju Oluwasefunmi , Dowsett Laura E. , Clement Fiona 
Published: September 2021

Objective: To identify the facilitators of and barriers to the implementation of Community Pharmacists–Led Anticoagulation Management Services (CPAMS). Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane CENTRAL Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception until August 20, 2021. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All abstracts proceeded to full-text review, which was completed by 2 reviewers. Data extraction was completed by a single reviewer and verified. Analysis was completed using best-fit framework synthesis. Data Synthesis: A total of 17 articles reporting on CPAMS from 6 jurisdictions were included: 2 Canadian provincial programs (Nova Scotia, Alberta), a national program (New Zealand), and 3 cities in the United Kingdom (Whittington and Brighton and Hove) and Australia (Sydney). Facilitators of CPAMS included convenience for patients, accessibility for patients, professional satisfaction for pharmacists, increased efficiency in anticoagulation management, improved outcomes, enhanced collaboration, and scalability. Barriers included perceived poor quality of care by patients, resistance by general practitioners, organizational limits, capping of the number of eligible patients, and cost. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: The barriers and facilitators identified in this review will inform health policy makers on the implementation and improvement of CPAMS for patients and health care practitioners. Conclusion and Relevance: CPAMS has been implemented in 6 jurisdictions across 4 countries, with reported benefits and challenges. The programs were structurally similar in most jurisdictions, with minor variations in implementation. New anticoagulation management programs should consider adapting existing frameworks to local needs.
Metabolomics as a Truly Translational Tool for Precision Medicine
Authors: Schmidt Julian C. , Dougherty Bonnie V. , Beger Richard D. , Jones Dean P. , Schmidt Michael A. , Mattes William B. 
Published: September 2021

Metabolomics is unique among omics technologies in being applicable to metabolism and toxicity studies broadly across organisms (e.g., humans, other mammals, model organisms, and even bacteria) and across biological materials (e.g., blood, urine, saliva, biopsy, and stool), including cultured cells and subcellular fractions. Metabolomics can be used to characterize biologic response patterns in humans as well as to support mechanistic studies in model systems and ex vivo studies. A broad range of resources are available, including publicly accessible data repositories (e.g., Metabolomics Workbench), tools for biostatistics and bioinformatics (e.g., MetaboAnalyst), metabolite identification (e.g., Metlin), and pathway analysis (e.g., Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes). Thus, metabolomics is more than a promise of the future; metabolomics is already available as a translational approach to facilitate precision medicine. This ACT Symposium review will contain an introduction to metabolomics in toxicity studies followed by sections on translational metabolic networks, translational metabolite biomarkers of acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury, translational framework using high-resolution metabolomics for integrated pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and precision medicine applications: extracting actionable targets from untargeted metabolomics data following one year in space.