bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerated inflammatory aging in Alzheimer’s disease and its relation to amyloid, tau, and cognition
Authors: Cullen Nicholas C. , Mälarstig A nders , Stomrud Erik , Hansson Oskar , Mattsson-Carlgren Niklas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIt is unclear how pathological aging of the inflammatory system relates to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We tested whether age-related inflammatory changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma exist across different stages of AD, and whether such changes related to AD pathology. Linear regression was first used model chronological age in amyloid-β negative, cognitively unimpaired individuals (Aβ− CU; n = 312) based on a collection of 73 inflammatory proteins measured in both CSF and plasma. Fitted models were then applied on protein levels from Aβ+ individuals with mild cognitive impairment (Aβ+ MCI; n = 150) or Alzheimer’s disease dementia (Aβ+ AD; n = 139) to test whether the age predicted from proteins alone (“inflammatory age”) differed significantly from true chronological age. Aβ− individuals with subjective cognitive decline (Aβ− SCD; n = 125) or MCI (Aβ− MCI; n = 104) were used as an independent contrast group. The difference between inflammatory age and chronological age (InflammAGEscore) was then assessed in relation to core AD biomarkers of amyloid, tau, and cognition. Both CSF and plasma inflammatory proteins were significantly associated with age in Aβ− CU individuals, with CSF-based proteins predicting chronological age better than plasma-based counterparts. Meanwhile, the Aβ− SCD and validation Aβ− CU groups were not characterized by significant inflammatory aging, while there was increased inflammatory aging in Aβ− MCI patients for CSF but not plasma inflammatory markers. Both CSF and plasma inflammatory changes were seen in the Aβ+ MCI and Aβ+ AD groups, with varying degrees of change compared to Aβ− CU and Aβ− SCD groups. Finally, CSF inflammatory changes were highly correlated with amyloid, tau, general neurodegeneration, and cognition, while plasma changes were mostly associated with amyloid and cognition. Inflammatory pathways change during aging and are specifically altered in AD, tracking closely with pathological hallmarks. These results have implications for tracking AD progression and for suggesting possible pathways for drug targeting.
Downregulation of E-cadherin in pluripotent stem cells triggers partial EMT
Authors: Aban C. E. , Lombardi A. , Neiman G. , Biani M. C. , La Greca A. , Waisman A. , Moro L. N. , Sevlever G. , Miriuka S. , Luzzani C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEpithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical cellular process that has been well characterized during embryonic development and cancer metastasis and it also is implicated in several physiological and pathological events including embryonic stem cell differentiation. During early stages of differentiation, human embryonic stem cells pass through EMT where deeper morphological, molecular and biochemical changes occur. Though initially considered as a decision between two states, EMT process is now regarded as a fluid transition where cells exist on a spectrum of intermediate states. In this work, using a CRISPR interference system in human embryonic stem cells, we describe a molecular characterization of the effects of downregulation of E-cadherin, one of the main initiation events of EMT, as a unique start signal. Our results suggest that the decrease and delocalization of E-cadherin causes an incomplete EMT where cells retain their undifferentiated state while expressing several characteristics of a mesenchymal-like phenotype. Namely, we found that E-cadherin downregulation induces SNAI1 and SNAI2 upregulation, promotes MALAT1 and LINC-ROR downregulation, modulates the expression of tight junction occludin 1 and gap junction connexin 43, increases human embryonic stem cells migratory capacity and delocalize β-catenin. Altogether, we believe our results provide a useful tool to model the molecular events of an unstable intermediate state and further identify multiple layers of molecular changes that occur during partial EMT.
Using advanced analysis of multifocal visual-evoked potentials to evaluate the risk of clinical progression in patients with radiologically isolated syndrome
Authors: Miguel J. M. , Roldán M. , Pérez-Rico C. , Ortiz M. , Boquete L. , Blanco R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the role of multifocal visual-evoked potentials (mfVEPs) as a guiding factor for clinical conversion of radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS). We longitudinally followed a cohort of 15 patients diagnosed with RIS. All subjects underwent thorough ophthalmological, neurological and imaging examinations. The mfVEP signals were analysed to obtain features in the time domain (SNRmin: amplitude, Latmax: monocular latency) and in the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) domain (bmax: instant in which the CWT function maximum appears, Nmax: number of CWT function maximums). The best features were used as inputs to a RUSBoost boosting-based sampling algorithm to improve the mfVEP diagnostic performance. Five of the 15 patients developed an objective clinical symptom consistent with an inflammatory demyelinating central nervous system syndrome during follow-up (mean time: 13.40 months). The (SNRmin) variable decreased significantly in the group that converted (2.74 ± 0.92 vs. 4.07 ± 0.95, p = 0.01). Similarly, the (bmax) feature increased significantly in RIS patients who converted (169.44 ± 24.81 vs. 139.03 ± 11.95 (ms), p = 0.02). The area under the curve analysis produced SNRmin and bmax values of 0.92 and 0.88, respectively. These results provide a set of new mfVEP features that can be potentially useful for predicting prognosis in RIS patients.
Benefits of local consolidative treatment in oligometastases of solid cancers: a stepwise-hierarchical pooled analysis and systematic review
Authors: Rim Chai Hong , Shin In-Soo , Park Sunmin , Lee Hye Yoon 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe conducted a meta-analysis of articles published in PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane library to investigate the effectiveness of local consolidative therapy (LCT) against oligometastases. Data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs), balanced studies, and all studies combined were analyzed in a hierarchical manner. Pooled analyses of 31 studies (including seven randomized trials) investigating the effectiveness of LCT on overall survival revealed odds ratios of 3.04, 2.56, and 1.41 for all studies, balanced studies, and RCTs, respectively (all p < 0.05). The benefit of LCT was more prominent in patients with non-small cell lung and colorectal cancers than in those with prostate and small cell lung cancers. Moreover, the benefit of LCT was smaller in patients with high metastatic burdens (p = 0.054). In four of 12 studies with available information, additional grade ≥3 toxicities due to LCTs were reported. Overall, LCT is beneficial for patients with oligometastases, although such benefits are less evident in RCTs than in observational studies. Appropriate LCTs should be carefully selected considering their feasibility, disease type, and metastatic burden.
Various half-metallic nodal loops in organic Cr2N6C3 monolayers
Authors: Bao Hairui , Zhao Bao , Xue Yang , Huan Hao , Gao Guanyi , Liu Xiaojuan , Yang Zhongqin 
Published: January 2021

Half-metallic nodal loops robust against spin–orbit couplings are realized in covalent–organic Cr2N6C3 monolayers. Type I, II, and III nodal loops, protected by a mirror symmetry, are found coexisting in the material.
When Will He Talk? An Evidence-Based Tutorial for Measuring Progress Toward Use of Spoken Words in Preverbal Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: McDaniel Jena , Schuele C. Melanie 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
Professionals face substantial challenges determining whether and when children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who are not yet using spoken words will use spoken language as their primary means of communication. This tutorial provides speech-language pathologists with practical guidance on how to measure expressive language predictors for progress monitoring and making intervention decisions for children with ASD who are preverbal.

Method
This tutorial is a repackaging effort that seeks to make the research accessible to clinicians wishing to implement evidence-based practice.

Results
We describe intentional communication, consonant inventory in communication acts, and responding to joint attention as particularly valuable prelinguistic skills to measure. We explain how and when to efficiently assess progress using published assessments periodically and using brief (5-min) communication samples for more frequent progress monitoring.

Conclusions
Communication samples can be used to show how a child performs within a therapeutic setting during teaching (treatment data) and outside of the therapeutic setting (generalization probe data). Both types of data are critical for determining whether the child is exhibiting progress and which aspects of intervention are facilitating progress toward use of spoken words. These recommendations also balance the evidence for best practices for progress monitoring and the demands on clinicians' time and effort. To encourage the measurement of prelinguistic skills of children with ASD who are preverbal in clinical practice, we include (a) example data collection documents, (b) examples with hypothetical data and interpretation, and (c) guidance on communication sampling procedures.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13557836
A Longitudinal Evaluation of Speech Rate in Primary Progressive Apraxia of Speech
Authors: Utianski Rene L. , Martin Peter R. , Hanley Holly , Duffy Joseph R. , Botha Hugo , Clark Heather M. , Whitwell Jennifer L. , Josephs Keith A. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
Individuals with primary progressive apraxia of speech (PPAOS) have apraxia of speech (AOS) in which disruptions in articulation or prosody predominate the speech pattern, referred to, respectively, as phonetic or prosodic subtypes. Many develop aphasia and/or dysarthria. Past research has demonstrated that simple temporal acoustic measures are sensitive to the presence of AOS. The aim of this study was to describe the change in temporal acoustic measures over time and assess if specific patterns of AOS or co-occurring aphasia or dysarthria impact the rate of change over time.

Method

Durations for multiple productions of the words
cat
,
catnip
,
catapult
, and
catastrophe
, in an imitative speech task, were recorded for 73 patients, with two to six visits each. A linear mixed-effects model was used to assess the cross-sectional differences and longitudinal influence of AOS subtype and presence of aphasia/dysarthria on speech rate. Pearson correlations were calculated between rate measures and performance on other clinical measures.

Results
Cross-sectionally, patients with prosodic-predominant PPAOS produced words more slowly than those with phonetic-predominant PPAOS. Patients with either aphasia or dysarthria produced words more slowly than those without. Longitudinally, the speech rate of patients with phonetic-predominant PPAOS had a reduction of 0.5 syllables per second per year. Patients with prosodic-predominant AOS changed less quickly, as did those who developed aphasia. Dysarthria did not impact rate of change. There were strong associations between speech rate measures and other clinical indices of speech and language functioning.

Conclusion
Simple temporal acoustic measures may reflect the subtype of AOS (phonetic or prosodic predominant), serve as an index of progression of AOS, and inform prognostication relative to the presenting combination of speech and language features.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13564724
Frequencies, chaos, and resonances: A study of orbital parameters of nearby thick-disc and halo stars
Authors: Koppelman Helmer H. , Hagen Jorrit H. J. , Helmi Amina 
Published: January 2021

Aims. We study the distribution of nearby thick-disc and halo stars in subspaces defined by their characteristic orbital parameters. Our aim is to establish the origin of the structure reported in particular in the Rmax − zmax space.
Methods. To this end, we computed the orbital parameters and frequencies of stars for a generic and for a Stäckel Milky Way potential.
Results. We find that for both the thick-disc and halo populations, very similar prominent substructures are apparent for the generic Galactic potential, while no substructure is seen for the Stäckel model. This indicates that the origin of these features is not merger-related, but due to the non-integrability of the generic potential. This conclusion is strengthened by our frequency analysis of the orbits of stars, which reveals the presence of prominent resonances, with ∼30% of the halo stars associated with resonance families. In fact, the stars in resonances define the substructures seen in the spaces of characteristic orbital parameters. Intriguingly, we find that some stars in our sample and in debris streams are on the same resonance as the Sagittarius dwarf.
Conclusions. Our study constitutes a step towards disentangling the imprint of merger debris from substructures driven by internal dynamics. Given their prominence, these resonant-driven overdensities could potentially be useful in constraining the exact form of the Galactic potential.
Stellar models with self-consistent Rosseland opacities
Authors: Hui-Bon-Hoa A. 
Published: January 2021

Context. The building of a stellar structure requires knowing the Rosseland mean opacity at each layer of the model. This mean opacity is very often interpolated in pre-computed tables due to the overwhelming time to compute it from monochromatic cross sections. The main drawback to using tables is that the opacities can be inconsistent with the actual local chemical composition, for instance in the regions of the star where nucleosynthesis occurs.
Aims. We study the effects of self-consistent Rosseland mean opacity calculations on the stellar structure and evolution, in comparison with models where the metal mixture remains equal to the initial one.
Methods. We developed a strategy that allows very fast calculations of Rosseland opacities from monochromatic cross sections. We are then able to compute evolutionary tracks with models whose Rosseland opacities are fully consistent with the chemical mix everywhere in the star. This method has been implemented in the Toulouse-Geneva evolution code.
Results. Our self-consistent models show very small structural differences compared to models where the Rosseland opacity is computed with a fixed metal mixture. As a consequence, the main-sequence evolutionary tracks are almost the same for models of mass ranging from 2 to 8 M⊙. At a given surface gravity the relative difference in age is lower than 2% and generally below 1% between the two kinds of calculations, the self-consistent model being younger most of the time. Unless such a precision in age is sought out, the use of tabulated Rosseland opacities with a metal content defined globally is still acceptable, at least in main-sequence stars where the chemical mix changes only through nucleosynthesis.
Einfluss klinischer, sozialmedizinischer und psychologischer Faktoren auf die berufliche Reintegration von Patientinnen mit Brustkrebs 6 Monate nach der Rehabilitation
Authors: Rick Oliver , Reuß-Borst Monika , Dauelsberg Timm , Hass Holger G. , König Volker , Caspari Reiner , Götz-Keil Gabriele , Pfitzner Jürgen , Kerschgens Christa , Fliessbach Klaus , Hoppe Christian 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Die Mehrzahl der Patientinnen mit nicht-metastasiertem Brustkrebs kehrt nach der Tumortherapie wieder ins Erwerbsleben zurück. In nationalen und internationalen Studien wird eine Rate von bis zu 80% angegeben, die allerdings in Abhängigkeit vom untersuchten Studienkollektiv und den verschiedenen Sozialsystemen erheblich schwanken kann. Unklar ist hingegen, wie viele Patientinnen nach einer medizinischen Rehabilitation wieder ins Erwerbsleben reintegriert werden und welche klinischen, soziodemografischen und psychologischen Faktoren dabei eine Rolle spielen.
Methodik Im Rahmen einer multizentrischen Studie wurden bei Patientinnen mit Brustkrebs zu Beginn ihrer medizinischen Rehabilitation die klinischen und soziodemografischen Daten erhoben. Außerdem wurden subjektiv erlebte Defizite der Aufmerksamkeitsleistung (FEDA), depressive Symptome (PHQ-9) und die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität (EORTC QLQ-C30) mittels standardisierter Fragebögen erfasst. Die kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit wurde zusätzlich mittels einer computergestützten Testbatterie (NeuroCog FX) untersucht. Eine Nachbefragung erfolgte 6–9 Monate nach der medizinischen Rehabilitation. Auch die subjektive Einschätzung der eigenen kognitiven Leistungsfähigkeit (FEDA) wurde zu diesem Zeitpunkt erneut erhoben.
Ergebnisse Es konnten 396 der ursprünglich 476 Patientinnen in die Studie eingeschlossen werden. Bei der Nachbefragung waren 323/396 Patientinnen (82%) wieder erwerbstätig. In einem Regressionsmodell erwiesen sich im Hinblick auf die berufliche Reintegration vor allem soziodemografische Faktoren als positiv prädiktiv: Erwerbstätigkeit zum Zeitpunkt der Tumordiagnose, nach der medizinischen Rehabilitation erhaltener Arbeitsplatz, Angestelltenstatus und stufenweise Wiedereingliederung nach dem Hamburger Modell (Nagelkerke R2=0,685). Dieses Modell konnte durch Hinzufügung psychologischer Variablen nicht verbessert werden. Die subjektiven Patientenangaben in allen Fragebögen waren hoch korreliert (r>0,57; p<0,001).
Schlussfolgerung Die weit überwiegende Mehrheit der Patientinnen mit Brustkrebs kehrt nach einer medizinischen Rehabilitation ins Erwerbsleben zurück. Soziodemografische Faktoren spielen dabei eine entscheidende Rolle. Das hier entwickelte Regressionsmodell unter Einbeziehung des Erwerbsstatus, der beruflichen Ausrichtung und der stufenweisen Wiedereingliederung hat prädiktive Bedeutung und kann in der medizinischen Rehabilitation genutzt werden.
Subscapularis Tendon Tears – Usefulness of Written MRI Reports for Guiding Patient Referral to Shoulder Specialists
Authors: Lenz Robert , Kircher Jörn , Schwalba Knut , Weber Marc-André , Tischer Thomas 
Published: January 2021

Introduction Rotator cuff tears are one of the most common reasons for shoulder pain, and patients often present initially to general practitioners. However, subscapularis tears are especially difficult to diagnose and hence adequate therapy is often delayed. General practitioners or non-specialist orthopedic surgeons need reliable MRI findings to allow timely referral of patients to shoulder specialists. The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of the written MRI report of patients with arthroscopically proven subscapularis tendon tears.
Method In this retrospective study, 97 patients (mean age 62.4 ± 10 years, 63 men) who underwent arthroscopic subscapularis repair between April 2013 and January 2015 by two experienced shoulder surgeons and who underwent a preoperative 1.5 T MRI study were included. All of these patients had high-field strength (i. e., ≥ 1.5 T) standard MRI scans performed within 4–164 (mean 57.4 ± 38.4) days before their arthroscopic procedures.
Results and Conclusion Subscapularis tendon tears, verified by arthroscopy, were correctly identified in only 37 of 97 cases in the written report of the preoperative MRI. This resulted in an overall low sensitivity of 38.1 %. Correctly predicted lesions were as follows: Fox and Romeo I 29.4 % (5/17 patients), Fox and Romeo II 20 % (7/35 patients), Fox and Romeo III 46.7 % (14/30 patients) and Fox and Romeo IV 73.3 % (11/15 patients). In contrast, concurrent supraspinatus tendon tears were identified correctly in 88.2 % of patients (60/68 cases, sensitivity 88.2 %, specificity 96.5 %). Preoperative written radiology reports provided by a heterogeneous group of 39 presumably non-MSK-specialized radiologic centers do not reliably detect subscapularis tendon tears and are not sufficient for guiding patients to specialist centers. Compared to other rotator cuff injuries, this study shows difficulties in the correct diagnosis of subscapular tendon injuries. However, this is necessary to provide patients with timely therapy. It can be assumed that MRI review by musculoskeletal-specialized radiologists would more often than not lead to the correct diagnosis.
Key Points:
Citation Format
Nicht dialysepflichtige, chronische Niereninsuffizienz in der Hausarztpraxis – eine Fragebogenstudie unter Hausärzten
Authors: Voigt Paul , Kairys Paul , Voigt Anne , Frese Thomas 
Published: January 2021

Einleitung Die Mehrheit der von nicht dialysepflichtiger, chronischer Niereninsuffizienz betroffenen Patienten wird von Hausärzten betreut. Die Datenlage auf diesem Gebiet ist besonders in Deutschland lückenhaft. Ziel der Umfrage war es, die wahrgenommene Häufigkeit in der hausärztlichen Praxis, die Nutzung von Diagnostik und Therapie sowie verwendete Hilfsmittel unter Berücksichtigung des beruflichen Hintergrunds und der Erfahrung der antwortenden Hausärzte abzuschätzen.
Methoden In Kooperation mehrerer Fachrichtungen wurde ein selbstentwickelter, diagnosespezifischer Fragebogen erstellt. Dieser wurde an 1130 Hausärzte aus Sachsen und Sachsen-Anhalt, die zufällig ausgewählt wurden, per Post versandt. Die Datenerhebung erfolgte von Juni 2019 bis Juli 2019.
Ergebnisse Von 1130 versandten Fragebögen wurden 372 auswertbar zurückgesandt (Rücklaufquote: 32,9 %). Die Häufigkeit der nicht dialysepflichtigen, chronischen Niereninsuffizienz wurde auf 6–15 % geschätzt. Der Einstellung von Bluthochdruck und Diabetes mellitus messen 97 % der befragten Ärzte eine hohe bis sehr hohe Priorität bei. Zur Proteinurie-Diagnostik wurde die Nutzung von Urinteststreifen von 60,8 %, die Anforderung einer Albumin-Kreatinin-Ratio von 22,6 % der Befragten angegeben. Nur geringe Differenzen konnten im Antwortverhalten der teilnehmenden Arztgruppen offengelegt werden. Die Berufserfahrung ist bei der Wahl der Hilfsmittel, im Besonderen Leitlinien, ein wichtiger Einflussfaktor.
Diskussion Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Angaben und Prioritäten der befragten Ärzte in hohem Maße mit den internationalen Empfehlungen zur Versorgung niereninsuffizienter Patienten korrelieren. Verbesserungen im Bereich der Progressionsdiagnostik sind möglich und nötig. Allgemeinmediziner und hausärztliche Internisten besitzen ein vergleichbares Kompetenzniveau in der primärärztlichen Versorgung der nicht dialysepflichtigen, chronischen Niereninsuffizienz.
Kernaussagen:
A Rare Case of Severe Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Early Infancy
Authors: Schwendt Meike , Kroll Johannes , Fleck Thilo , Stiller Brigitte 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe report the case of a 3-month-old girl presenting with end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy and therapy-resistant cardiogenic shock. A left ventricular assist device (LVAD) Berlin Heart EXCOR was implanted, her organs recovered, and she was listed for heart transplantation. Two months later, while still on the LVAD, she was diagnosed with the rare genetic Alström syndrome. Weaning was no option, and she underwent successful heart transplantation at the age of 9 months. The follow-up 15 months later revealed an uneventful transplant course in a child with Alström syndrome.