bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the clinical, ultrasound, and CT findings in 13 dogs with gastric neoplasia
Authors: Zuercher Melonie , Vilaplana Grosso Federico , Lejeune Amandine 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDiagnosis of gastric tumors in dogs is difficult and is often obtained by biopsy following identification of a mass through ultrasound (US) or endoscopy. In human medicine, modalities such as CT and endoscopy are standard of care in the diagnosis and staging of gastric tumors. Although one veterinary study has described CT findings of gastric tumors in dogs using iatrogenic gas dilation, there are no veterinary studies that have directly compared the usefulness of US versus CT in the diagnosis and staging of these tumors. This retrospective, descriptive study evaluated US and CT images from 13 dogs. Gastric tumor diagnoses included leiomyoma (n = 4), adenocarcinoma (n = 3), leiomyosarcoma (n = 3), gastrointestinal stromal tumor (n = 2), and lymphoma (n = 1). Computed tomography was successful in identification of 92% of gastric tumors, while US identified only 69%. Computed tomography identified more locations of lymphadenopathy and correctly identified the location of gastric tumors more frequently than US when compared to the surgical, endoscopic, or necropsy reports. Most features seen on US and CT overlapped between the different tumor types. Lymphoma had a lower mean attenuation in CT than the other gastric tumors and was the only gastric tumor to not have complete loss of the gastric wall layering on US. As expected, adenocarcinoma appeared as gastric wall thickening with regional lymphadenopathy. Findings supported using CT as an ancillary diagnostic test for characterizing and staging gastric tumors in dogs and assisting in the selection of surgical candidates.
Antibiotic‐resistant bacteria and blaNDM‐1 genes in the drinking tap water of a megacity
Authors: Khan Sadia , Mustafa Atif 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAntibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in drinking water are a major issue for the world. blaNDM‐1 confers resistance to carbapenem antibiotics, which is one of the cures for fatal bacterial infections. The study aimed to identify coliform and other bacteria with sul‐1, sul‐2 and blaNDM‐1 ARGs in drinking water. Members of the genera Klebsiella, Serratia, Citrobacter, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Acinetobacter and Delftia were identified with Chromocult Coliform Agar, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene sequencing. blaNDM‐1 genes were present in 7.8% of isolated bacteria. A weak but significant correlation was observed between coliform and TDS/EC/Hardness/Mg+2/Heterotrophic plate count (HPC). This research is the first study reporting blaNDM‐1 in the drinking water of Karachi. This study indicates the biological contamination along with antibiotic‐resistant bacteria and genes in drinking water. It highlights the need for continuous monitoring and control of emerging contaminants in urban water supply for protection of public health and ecosystems.
What is the “normal” wound bed temperature? A scoping review and new hypothesis
Authors: Gethin Georgina , Ivory John D. , Sezgin Duygu , Muller Hendrik , O'Connor Gerard , Vellinga Akke 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWound bed temperature measurement holds the potential to be a safe, easy to use, and low‐cost tool to aid objective wound bed assessment, clinical decision making and improved patient outcomes. However, there is no consensus on the normal range of wound bed temperature in chronic wounds. We conducted a scoping review including any study type, from 2010 to 2020 in which chronic wound bed temperature was reported. Thirteen studies including 477 patients met our criteria. Venous ulcers (VLU) accounted for 46.5% (n = 222) of wounds; diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) for 25.4% (n = 121) with pressure ulcers (PU), mixed arterial venous ulcers (MAVLU) and unknown aetiology accounting for the remainder. The weighted mean of means for wound bed temperature was 31.7°C (n = 395) for all wound types; 31.7°C for VLU; 31.6°C for DFU; 33.3°C for PU; 30.9°C for MAVLU; and 32.0°C for those with unknown aetiology. Based on our review, we hypothesise that normal wound bed temperature is within a range of 30.2–33.0°C.
A Novel Phosphide Derived From Metal-Organic Frameworks as Cost-Effective Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Yang Yi-Wen , Song Bing-Ye 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Developing an efficient, green, and low-cost non noble metal catalyst toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) has been urgent for new generation of sustainable energy technologies. Herein, the Co/Ni metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) derived metal phosphides/carbon matrix composites are successfully produced by the precipitation-carbonization-phosphorization processes. The obtained samples are characterized and analyzed for structural and morphological investigation. Electrochemical tests for OER are performed in the alkaline medium. The positive effects of P, Ni doping in MOFs on the structure and properties of composites have been analyzed. Benefitting from the unique structure of three-dimensional flower-like polyhedron with rich structure and higher porosity, the NiCo-P/NC catalyst exhibits the lowest overpotential of 0.32 V compared with the commercial IrO2 (0.34 V) at 10 mA/cm2, as well as outstanding stability and kinetic mechanism. Besides, the cost of the proposed novel material is calculated to be 4.337 US$/g, which is only 1.57% of that of commercial IrO2 (276 US$/g). The results obtained from the MOF-derived low-cost and high-efficiency OER catalyst would provide a new perspective on application of electrochemical storage and batteries.
Operational Modal Analysis of a Rotating Structure Subject to Random Excitation Using a Tracking Continuously Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometer via an Improved Demodulation Method
Authors: Lyu L. F. , Zhu W. D. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A new operational modal analysis (OMA) method is developed for estimation of modal parameters (MPs) of a rotating structure (RS) subject to random excitation using a nonuniform rotating beam model, an image processing method, and an improved demodulation method. The solution to the governing equation of a nonuniform rotating beam is derived, which can be considered as the response of the beam measured by a continuously scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (CSLDV) system. A recently developed tracking CSLDV system can track and scan the RS. The image processing method determines the angular position of the RS so that the tracking CSLDV system can sweep its laser spot along a time-varying path on it. The improved demodulation method obtains undamped mode shapes (UMSs) of the RS by multiplying its measured response by sinusoids whose frequencies are its damped natural frequencies (DNFs) that are obtained from the fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the measured response. Experimental investigation of the OMA method using the tracking CSLDV system is conducted, and MPs of a rotating fan blade (RFB), including DNFs and UMSs, with different constant speeds and its instantaneous MPs with a nonconstant speed are estimated. Estimated first DNFs and UMSs of the stationary fan blade and RFB are compared with those from the lifting method that was previously developed by the authors.
The Influence of Sitting, Standing, and Stepping Bouts on Cardiometabolic Health Markers in Older Adults
Authors: Verswijveren Simone J.J.M. , Powell Cormac , Chappel Stephanie E. , Ridgers Nicola D. , Carson Brian P. , Dowd Kieran P. , Perry Ivan J. , Kearney Patricia M. , Harrington Janas M. , Donnelly Alan E. 
Published: May 2021

Aside from total time spent in physical activity behaviors, how time is accumulated is important for health. This study examined associations between sitting, standing, and stepping bouts, with cardiometabolic health markers in older adults. Participants from the Mitchelstown Cohort Rescreen Study (N = 221) provided cross-sectional data on activity behaviors (assessed via an activPAL3 Micro) and cardiometabolic health. Bouts of ≥10-, ≥30-, and ≥60-min sitting, standing, and stepping were calculated. Linear regression models were fitted to examine the associations between bouts and cardiometabolic health markers. Sitting (≥10, ≥30, and ≥60 min) and standing (≥10 and ≥30 min) bouts were detrimentally associated with body composition measures, lipid markers, and fasting glucose. The effect for time spent in ≥60-min sitting and ≥30-min standing bouts was larger than shorter bouts. Fragmenting sitting with bouts of stepping may be targeted to benefit cardiometabolic health. Further insights for the role of standing need to be elicited.
Striking the Right Balance: Evidence to Inform Combined Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Recommendations
Authors: Chastin Sebastien F.M. , McGregor Duncan E. , Biddle Stuart J.H. , Cardon Greet , Chaput Jean-Philippe , Dall Philippa M. , Dempsey Paddy C. , DiPietro Loretta , Ekelund Ulf , Katzmarzyk Peter T. , Leitzmann Michael , Stamatakis Emmanuel , Van der Ploeg Hidde P. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Crucial evidence gaps regarding: (1) the joint association of physical activity and sedentary time with health outcomes and (2) the benefits of light-intensity physical activity were identified during the development of recommendations for the World Health Organization Guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behavior (SB). The authors present alternative ways to evidence the relationship between health outcomes and time spent in physical activity and SB and examine how this could be translated into a combined recommendation in future guidelines. Methods: We used compositional data analysis to quantify the dose–response associations between the balance of time spent in physical activity and SB with all-cause mortality. The authors applied this approach using 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey accelerometer data. Results: Different combinations of time spent in moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity, light-intensity physical activity, and SB are associated with similar all-cause mortality risk level. A balance of more than 2.5 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity per hour of daily sedentary time is associated with the same magnitude of risk reduction for all-cause mortality as obtained by being physically active according to the current recommendations. Conclusion: This method could be applied to provide evidence for more flexible recommendations in the future with options to act on different behaviors depending on individuals’ circumstances and capacity.
Marine terrace evolution of windward Barbados
Authors: Speed* Robert C. , Cheng† Hai 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
The geomorphic evolution of southeastern windward Barbados is embodied in the development of a terraced seaward island slope on a tectonically rising scarp. The island slope is wholly erosional and a product of marine and subaerial processes. Modulation of the slope by terraces has occurred fundamentally by marine erosion at eustatic stillstands but includes morphologic additions by limestone deposition. The ongoing phase of morphologic development and island emergence began at or before ca. 700 ka. Emergence has proceeded at an increasing rate northwestward along the island’s southeastern coastline. The terraced island slope is markedly affected by post-terrace denudation.
As many as eight marine terraces are preserved on the windward island slope below the planed surface of the Central Highlands, which is counted as terrace 1. Relics of an upper set of terraces are perched on the face of Second High Cliff, the ancient erosional margin of the oldest limestone capping Barbados. Second High Cliff developed by successive marine incisions over a probably long duration preceding oxygen isotope stage 9. A lower terrace set was excised in stages 9 through 5a in the siliciclastic island foundation or (and) in limestone cover of preceding terraces.
Marine terrace floors extend seaward from an erosional backcliff and shoreline angle to a younger erosional cutoff. The most broadly preserved terrace floors indicate the following systematic succession of seaward profile elements: narrow upper ramp; broad upper flat; lower ramp; and on one, a lower flat. Carbonate cover is chiefly clastic on the upper ramp and flat, and chiefly reefal on the lower ramp. Most shoal-water reefal facies appear to be in fringe reef blankets.
Terrace profile geometries are explained by a simple theory of wave abrasion in proportion to duration of sea level at a shoreline. At stillstands, the wave impact caused large shoreline recession and development of flats, whereas in transgression and regression, rapid sea-level change permitted only minor recession. Corresponding differences in cover facies are explained as functions of duration of breaking waves and seabed stability.
Widespread post-terrace denudation is attributed to floods of upland provenance, local overland flow, and marine flooding. Riverine processes have produced channelization and a high degree of terrace preservation on the interfluves in the steeper, foundation-based northern windward region. This differs markedly from the more diffuse, shallow gullying and stripping of the limestone-covered shallow slopes of the southern region. An intensely stormy spell is suggested between stages 5e and 5c.
Neonatal arterial stroke location is associated with outcome at 2 years: a voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping study
Authors: Núñez Christian , Stephan-Otto Christian , Arca Gemma , Agut Thais , Arnaez Juan , Cordeiro Malaika , Benavente-Fernández Isabel , Boronat Nuria , Lubián-López Simón Pedro , Valverde Eva , Hortigüela Montesclaros , García-Alix Alfredo 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveIn contrast to motor impairments, the association between lesion location and cognitive or language deficits in patients with neonatal arterial ischaemic stroke remains largely unknown. We conducted a voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping cross-sectional study aiming to reveal neonatal arterial stroke location correlates of language, motor and cognitive outcomes at 2 years of age.DesignProspective observational multicentre study.SettingSix paediatric university hospitals in Spain.ParticipantsWe included 53 patients who had a neonatal arterial ischaemic stroke with neonatal MRI and who were followed up till 2 years of age.Main outcome measuresWe analysed five dichotomous clinical variables: speech therapy (defined as the need for speech therapy as established by therapists), gross motor function impairment, and the language, motor and cognitive Bayley scales. All the analyses were controlled for total lesion volume.ResultsWe found that three of the clinical variables analysed significantly correlated with neonatal stroke location. Speech therapy was associated with lesions located mainly at the left supramarginal gyrus (p=0.007), gross motor function impairment correlated with lesions at the left external capsule (p=0.044) and cognitive impairment was associated with frontal lesions, particularly located at the left inferior and middle frontal gyri (p=0.012).ConclusionsThe identification of these susceptible brain areas will allow for more precise prediction of neurological impairments on the basis of neonatal brain MRI.
Early lung ultrasound affords little to the prediction of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Woods Patricia Lee , Stoecklin Benjamin , Woods Amanda , Gill Andrew William 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that lung ultrasound (LUS) performed in the first week of life would predict bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Secondary outcomes included the utility of LUS in predicting interim respiratory interventions.DesignA prospective observational cohort study in preterm infants born <28 weeks’ gestation in the single tertiary statewide neonatal intensive care unit in Western Australia.MethodsA rigorous protocol for LUS acquisition on day 1, day 3–4, day 7, day 28 and 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age (PMA) was implemented with blinded analysis using a modified, previously validated LUS score. BPD was defined by both recent National Institute of Child Health and Human Development categorical criteria and a continuous physiological variable using a modified Shift test.ResultsOf the 100 infants studies, primary outcome data were available for the 96 infants, surviving to 36 weeks’ PMA. In a univariate logistic regression analysis, LUS on days 3–4 and day 7 accurately predicted BPD (day 3–4 OR (95% CI)=1.54 (1.03 to 2.42), p=0.044; day 7 OR (95% CI)=1.66 (1.07 to 2.70), p=0.031). The predictive value of LUS was insignificant in a multivariate model in which gestational age was the dominant predictor. LUS accurately predicted interim respiratory outcomes including surfactant administration, duration of intubation and extubation to non-invasive support at 48 hours.ConclusionsLUS in the first week of life predicted BPD. However, LUS offers little additive accuracy to current gestational age-based models.Trial registration numberACTRN12617000208303.
Lower step rate is associated with a higher risk of bone stress injury: a prospective study of collegiate cross country runners
Authors: Kliethermes Stephanie A , Stiffler-Joachim Mikel R , Wille Christa M , Sanfilippo Jennifer L , Zavala Pedro , Heiderscheit Bryan C 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesTo determine if running biomechanics and bone mineral density (BMD) were independently associated with bone stress injury (BSI) in a cohort of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I cross country runners.MethodsThis was a prospective, observational study of 54 healthy collegiate cross country runners over three consecutive seasons. Whole body kinematics, ground reaction forces (GRFs) and BMD measures were collected during the preseason over 3 years via motion capture on an instrumented treadmill and total body densitometer scans. All medically diagnosed BSIs up to 12 months following preseason data collection were recorded. Generalised estimating equations were used to identify independent risk factors of BSI.ResultsUnivariably, step rate, centre of mass vertical excursion, peak vertical GRF and vertical GRF impulse were associated with BSI incidence. After adjusting for history of BSI and sex in a multivariable model, a higher step rate was independently associated with a decreased risk of BSI. BSI risk decreased by 5% (relative risk (RR): 0.95; 95% CI 0.91 to 0.98) with each one step/min increase in step rate. BMD z-score was not a statistically significant risk predictor in the final multivariable model (RR: 0.93, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.03). No other biomechanical variables were found to be associated with BSI risk.ConclusionLow step rate is an important risk factor for BSI among collegiate cross country runners and should be considered when developing comprehensive programmes to mitigate BSI risk in distance runners.
Conceptualising interventions to enhance spread in complex systems: a multisite comprehensive medication review case study
Authors: Lennox Laura , Barber Susan , Stillman Neil , Spitters Sophie , Ward Emily , Marvin Vanessa , Reed Julie E 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundAdvancing the description and conceptualisation of interventions in complex systems is necessary to support spread, evaluation, attribution and reproducibility. Improvement teams can provide unique insight into how interventions are operationalised in practice. Capturing this ‘insider knowledge’ has the potential to enhance intervention descriptions.ObjectivesThis exploratory study investigated the spread of a comprehensive medication review (CMR) intervention to (1) describe the work required from the improvement team perspective, (2) identify what stays the same and what changes between the different sites and why, and (3) critically appraise the ‘hard core’ and ‘soft periphery’ (HC/SP) construct as a way of conceptualising interventions.DesignA prospective case study of a CMR initiative across five sites. Data collection included: observations, document analysis and semistructured interviews. A facilitated workshop triangulated findings and measured perceived effort invested in activities. A qualitative database was developed to conduct thematic analysis.ResultsSites identified 16 intervention components. All were considered essential due to their interdependency. The function of components remained the same, but adaptations were made between and within sites. Components were categorised under four ‘spheres of operation’: Accessibility of evidence base; Process of enactment; Dependent processes and Dependent sociocultural issues. Participants reported most effort was invested on ‘dependent sociocultural issues’. None of the existing HC/SP definitions fit well with the empirical data, with inconsistent classifications of components as HC or SP.ConclusionsThis study advances the conceptualisation of interventions by explicitly considering how evidence-based practices are operationalised in complex systems. We propose a new conceptualisation of ‘interventions-in-systems’ which describes intervention components in relation to their: proximity to the evidence base; component interdependence; component function; component adaptation and effort.
Frailty and quality of life after invasive management for non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Beska Benjamin , Coakley Daniel , MacGowan Guy , Adams-Hall Jennifer , Wilkinson Chris , Kunadian Vijay 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveOlder patients presenting with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS) require holistic assessment. We carried out a longitudinal cohort study to investigate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of older, frail adults with NSTEACS undergoing coronary angiography.Methods217 consecutive patients aged ≥65 years (mean age 80.9±4.0 years, 60.8% male) with NSTEACS referred for coronary angiography were recruited from two tertiary cardiac centres between November 2012 and December 2015. Frailty was assessed with the Fried Frailty Index; a score of 0 was characterised as robust, 1–2 prefrail and ≥3 frail. The Short Form Survey 36 (SF-36), an HRQoL tool consisting of eight domains spanning physical and mental health, was performed at baseline and 1 year.Results186 patients (85.7%) had invasive revascularisation. At baseline, 52 (23.9%) patients were frail and 121 (55.8%) were prefrail, with most SF-36 domains falling below the norm-population mean. Patients with frailty had lower mean scores in all physical SF-36 domains (p≤0.05) compared with those without frailty. Robust patients had temporal improvement in two domains (role physical +5.80 (95% CI 1.31 to 10.3) and role emotional +6.46 (95% CI 1.02 to 11.9)) versus patients with frailty and prefrailty, who had a collective improvement in a greater number of physical and psychological domains at 1 year (2 domains vs 11 domains), notably role physical (prefrail +6.53 (95% CI 3.85 to 9.20) and frail +10.4 (95% CI 6.7814.1)).ConclusionsFrail older adults with NSTEACS have poor HRQoL. One year following invasive management, there are modest improvements in HRQoL, most marked in frail and prefrail patients, who received a proportionally larger benefit than robust patients.Trial registration numberNCT01933581.