bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Keep Your Hopes Up: An Examination of Racial Differences in the Association Between Hope and Pain
Authors: Hill Kyrsten , Behrens Emily , Smith Dylan , DeCaro Jason , Cox Brian , Parmelee Patricia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Hope has been associated with increased pain tolerance (Snyder et al., 2005) and has been incorporated in interventions targeting chronic pain (Howell et al., 2015; Katsimigos et al., 2020). Research suggests that African Americans with osteoarthritis (OA) pain experience greater pain severity and disability compared to non-Hispanic White individuals (Vaughn et al., 2019). Although the literature is limited, there is some evidence to suggest racial/ethnic differences in hope (Chang & Banks, 2007). The current study examined race as a moderator of the association between hope and pain in a sample of older adults. Experience sampling (ESM) data was used from a multi-site study examining non-Hispanic White and African American individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Participants completed the Adult Hope Scale (Snyder et al., 1991) during baseline interviews and self-reported momentary pain during 28 ESM calls. Multilevel models revealed a significant interaction between hope and race (p = .04). Specifically, greater hope was associated with decreased momentary pain, and this association was stronger for African American compared to non-Hispanic White individuals. Results suggest that high levels of hope may be particularly protective for African American chronic pain patients. These findings can help inform existing and future interventions focused on enhancing hope in chronic pain populations. (Supported by AG041655, P. Parmelee and D. Smith, Co-PIs)
Does a 6-Month Multicomponent Training Improve Functional Capacity of Individuals With a Neurocognitive Disorder?
Authors: Ribeiro Oscar , Borges-Machado Flávia , Barros Duarte , Teixeira Laetitia , Carvalho Joana 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Regular physical activity and exercise have been proposed as non-pharmacological therapeutic approaches to prevent and manage neurocognitive disorders (NCD). Multicomponent training (MT) combining aerobics, strength, postural and balance exercises seem to be effective at improving individuals with NCD in their ability to independently perform activities of daily living (ADL). This quasi-experimental controlled trial aims to analyze the effects of a 6-month MT intervention on functional capacity of individuals diagnosed with NCD. Forty-three subjects (N Major NCD: 36) participated in the Body&Brain Project and were subdivided in exercise group (EG; N: 23; 75.09 ± 5.65 years; age range: 61-83) or a control group (CG; N:20; 81.90 ± 5.95 years; age range: 70-89). The EG was submitted to bi-weekly exercise sessions, and the CG received monthly recreation sessions. At baseline and at post-intervention Timed-Up-and-Go (TUG), 6-meters Walk Speed and Handgrip tests were applied to evaluate lower body mobility, walking speed and handgrip strength, respectively. Results from linear mixed models revealed a statistically significant interaction between group (intervention vs. control) and time for TUG and walk speed test, but not for handgrip strength. The 6-month MT intervention improved lower body mobility and walking speed of older adults diagnosed with NCD, which might potentially impact ADL independence and quality of life. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov - NCT04095962. Supported by FCT: “Body and Brain” (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031808), CIAFEL (FCT/UIDB/00617/2020), and Ph.D. Grants (SFRH/BD/136635/2018) to FM and [2020.05911.BD] to DB.
Considering the Technological and Sensory Needs of Patients With Cognitive Impairment in the Era of Telehealth
Authors: Oh Esther , Yi Julie , Pittman Corrine , Price Carrie , Nieman Carrie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, telehealth has become an important means of delivering memory care. Telehealth that is responsive to the technological abilities and preferences as well as the sensory needs of persons living with dementia is critical to advancing access to care. We conducted a systematic review to investigate the use of telehealth among older adults with cognitive impairment. The search yielded 3,551 titles and abstracts that led to 17 full-text articles. Studies showed that telehealth can be used for routine care, cognitive assessment and telerehabilitation with good efficacy and satisfaction. Three studies investigated telemedicine delivery in the home and 16/17 studies relied on support staff and care partners to navigate technology. No studies reported adaptations to account for sensory impairments and 5/17 studies excluded individuals with sensory impairments. This talk will review barriers and facilitators totelehealth for older adults with cognitive impairment and adaptations to address sensory needs.
Leadership among Director of Social Work at Skilled Nursing Facilities (SNFs)
Authors: Abenojar John Paul 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Skilled Nursing Facilities (SNFs) provide ongoing care to the seniors and chronically ill. To maximize the quality of this care, SNF staff must be trained to respond to patient care crises and communicate across departments. Although researchers have studied the leadership styles, strategies, and interactions of facility administrators and nursing directors, little was known about the leadership styles and strategies imployed by the director of social worker (DSW). The aim of this phenomenological study was to explore how DSW influenced leadership policies, prepared subordinated for crisis intervention and management, perceived that social workers influenced patient care decisions, and believed that communication amongst SNF staff about patient care could be improved. The conceptual framework was based on the multilevel leadership model construct, the situational leadership model construct, and the complex adaptive leadership model construct. Participants included a purposive sample of 10 DSW working in a large, corporate SNFs in Virginia. Data were collected via in person, semi structured interviews consisting of open-ended questions. Data were analyzed via Hycner's phenomenological approach. Findings from this investigation helped clarify roles and responsibilities of DSW, thereby improving the leadership they provide to subordinate social workers. Findings may be used to improved communication across professionals within SNFs and in their role in patient decisions.
Age differences in experiencing meaning in life: A multidimensional approach
Authors: Fung Nicole Long Ki , Fung Helene 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Coherence, purpose and significance were defined as the three facets of the presence of meaning in life (Martela & Steger, 2016). This study investigated the age differences in the three facets of meaning in life between younger and older adults. We recruited 241 younger adults (Mage=18.72, SD=1.50, 36.5% male) and 114 older adults (Mage=64.93, SD= 5.94, 52.6% male) from Hong Kong to fill out a one-hour online survey. We adapted the Multidimensional Existential Meaning Scale, which measured sense of coherence, purpose, significance. In specific, the adapted version measured significance in two sub facets: the naturalistic significance (important to other people) and cosmic significance (impact lasts beyond lifetime and space). The results showed that older adults had higher sense of coherence (t=3.47, p&lt;.001), higher sense of cosmic significance (t=6.29, p&lt;.001) but lower sense of purpose than younger adults (t=-2.02, p&lt;.05). There were no significant differences in naturalistic significance between the two age groups (t=1.24, p=.22). Within both age groups, participants had the highest score in purpose, followed by coherence and naturalistic significance. They had the lowest score in cosmic significance. This study illustrated that younger and older adults have different absolute levels of meaning facets but are similar in the relative levels of meaning facets. Further studies can investigate how changes in absolute levels of meaning facet and preservation of the relative levels may affect well-being across age.
Correlates of Psychological Well-being Among Korean Vietnam War Veterans
Authors: Lee Hyunyup , Kang Sungrok , Choun Soyoung , Aldwin Carolyn 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Prior research on Veterans’ mental health has largely focused on identifying risk and protective factors for negative psychological symptoms such as PTSD. However, mental health indicates not merely absence of psychopathology, but also the existence of positive psychological well-being (Keyes, 2005). Thus, the current study aimed to examine the correlates of psychological well-being, which is less studied, in an Asian sample, Korean veterans. Data for this 2017 study were from Korean Vietnam War Veterans Study. Participants were 348 male veterans, and their mean age was about 72 years old (SD = 2.7, range = 65-84). Using Keyes’ (2002) classification criteria, psychological well-being was divided into three types: flourishing (9.5%), moderately health (59.95%), and languishing (25.3%). Own-way analyses of variance showed that the groups did not differ in demographic variables (age, marital status, education, and income). Further, there were no differences in combat exposure, negative appraisals of military service, smoking, and alcohol consumption. However, significant group differences were found for resources; Scheffé's post-hoc analyses indicated that optimism, positive appraisals of military service, four types of social support (family, significant others, friend, and military peer), and self-rated health were significantly different among the groups, and highest in the flourishing group. The moderately health group showed higher levels of positive appraisals of military service and four types of social support than the languishing group. Thus, the majority (about 60%) of Korean Vietnam veterans were moderately psychologically healthy in this sample, but those with positive psychosocial resources were more likely to be healthiest.
Will I Feel This in my Dreams? Examining Temporal Associations between Daytime and Dream Affect
Authors: Richardson Cassandra , Vigoureux Taylor , Lee Soomi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Despite the theory that dreams function to process emotions, few studies have examined how emotional experiences during daytime (“daytime affect”) are associated with the emotional tone of dreams (“dream affect”) that night, and vice versa. This study examined bidirectional associations between dream affect and daytime positive and negative affect. Participants were 84 nurses who completed two weeks of ecological momentary assessments. If participants remembered the previous night’s dreams (nparticipants=68; ndays=391), they reported the dream’s emotional tone upon waking (‘0’=very negative to ‘100’=very positive). Participants also responded to the Positive and Negative Affect Scale three times/day. Multilevel modeling simultaneously tested two temporal directions (daytime affect→dream affect, dream affect→daytime affect) at the within- and between-person levels. After adjusting for socio-demographic and work characteristics, at the within-person level, dream affect was more positive than usual on nights following more positive daytime affect (B=0.25, p=.003). In the other temporal direction, dream affect was not associated with the following day’s positive affect. At the between-person level, nurses who reported more positive dream affect also reported more positive daytime affect (B=0.24, p=.025). No associations emerged with negative affect. Findings suggest that daytime affect is associated with the emotional tone of that night’s dreams, but only in the context of positive affect. Importantly, negative affect was relatively low in this sample, so different patterns may emerge for people more prone to negative affect. Overall, these novel findings support the theory that dreams serve to process emotions, providing insight into the mystery of the function of dreams.
Intergenerational Education and Late-life Cognitive Decline among Latinos and Non-Hispanic Whites
Authors: Meza Erika , Chen Yea-Hung , Allen Isabel , Gonzalez Hector , Glymour M Maria , Torres Jacqueline 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Latinos face a growing burden of Alzheimer’s Disease and related dementia (ADRD). Although education has been established as a strong predictor of ADRD, evidence to date is primarily for non-Latino cohorts. Few studies have assessed the relationship between intergenerational education and one’s cognitive decline. Using the US Health and Retirement Study (N=20,860) we evaluated the joint effect of parental and own educational attainment on immediate and delayed verbal memory scores (range 0-10) from 1998 to 2016. The exposure was a 4-category variable based on parents’ (highest of mother’s or father’s) and participant’s own high school attainment: first-generation (parents’ education &lt;12; own ≥12); multi-generation (both ≥12: REF); neither graduated high school (both &lt;12) and parent(s) graduated high school but not respondent (parents ≥12; own &lt;12). Linear mixed effects models with subject-specific random intercepts and random slopes were stratified by race/ethnicity and tested for a 3-way interaction term (exposure x Latino x time). Models controlled for age, sex, place of birth and retest effects. Baseline verbal memory scores did not differ for first-generation compared to multi-generation high school graduates. Verbal memory decline was faster for first- compared to multi-generation high school graduates among non-Hispanic whites (e.g., β=-0.04; 95% CI: -0.05, -0.03, delayed verbal recall); among Latinos, first and multi-generation high school graduates had similar rates of decline (e.g. β=0.00; 95% CI: -0.03, 0.04, delayed verbal recall; p&lt;0.001 for three-way interaction). Our findings suggest social and economic policies that facilitate educational achievement, particularly for important population subgroups, may reduce ADRD risk.
Exploring Social Support Systems and Experiences of Older Women in Tede Community, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Authors: Mahmoud Kafayat 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Rural communities in Nigeria are rapidly aging due to the massive movement of young adults to the cities, especially after marriage and/or in search of employment. This has adversely affected the social supports for older persons. The current study explored the experiences of older adults living in rural communities in Southwestern Nigeria. The study adopted an exploratory qualitative research design, in-depth interview techniques were adopted, and results were analyzed using thematic analysis. For this pilot study, conducted in Tede community in Oyo state in Nigeria, 10 older women, aged 70+ years were purposively selected for the study. The fact that all participants were women was due to the fact that older persons found in the community were mostly women. Consonant with previous research, this pilot study found that there was limited formal and informal support systems for older women in the community. The study additionally revealed that older women expressed feelings of abandonment by adult children, having insufficient funds, as well as inability to access health care. Consequently, these women resorted to alternative means to fend for themselves. For instance, despite having functional limitations, older women in the community would engage in physically demanding tasks such as going into the bushes to cut and gather firewood to sell, as well as engaging in other forms of petty trading, while others resorted to begging for alms for sustenance. This pilot study highlights the experience of poverty among older women and the need for more structural interventions for older persons in Nigeria.
Social Support and Weight Outcomes Over A Six-Month Weight Loss Intervention for Rural Older Adults
Authors: Kahkoska Anna , Petersen Curtis , Lynch David , Spangler Hillary , Fortuna Karen , Batsis John 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Rural older adults aged ≥65 years with obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2) showed an overall favorable response to a six-month, technology-based weight-management intervention. Our objective was to characterize how friends or family support for eating and exercise behaviors at baseline was associated with baseline weight and intervention response. We analyzed data from six subscales of the Social Support and Exercise Survey from 44 participants. Six-month weight change (≥5% of baseline) was considered clinically-significant. For each subscale, continuous and categorial outcomes were modeled with linear and logistic regression models, respectively, adjusted for sex and age. Crude associations of social support clusters, generated in an exploratory hierarchical cluster analysis, and weight outcomes were evaluated. The sample was 73.2 ± 3.9 years, 73% female, with mean baseline weight 97.8±16.3 kg and BMI 36.5±5.2 m/kg2. Family encouragement for healthy eating was negatively associated with baseline weight (β=-0.53, p=0.046). Social support scores were not associated with either six-month weight loss outcome (p&gt;0.10). Two exploratory clusters were found: Cluster 1 (C1) (n=34) and Cluster 2 (C2) (n=9). C2 had higher mean social encouragement and discouragement, with lower mean baseline weight (90.0±11.7 vs 99.8±16.8kg C1; p=0.10). Weight loss was comparable (C1 4.6±3.7 versus C2 4.8±2.6kg; p=0.89), with no differences in clinically-significant weight loss (C1 45% versus C2 67%; p=0.46). These pilot data suggest that family member social support may act as collaterals to support clinical outcomes in the community. Evaluating different types within family support may elucidate associations with physiological outcomes in larger samples.
Who Needs a Friend? How Age and Having Someone one can Count on Explain Subjective Well-Being in India
Authors: Sanborne Erika 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Subjective well-being is now considered a reliable predictor of many desirable outcomes not only at the individual level, in terms of one’s personal health, but also at the national level, in terms of a nation’s per capita gross domestic product, progress towards reaching sustainable development goals, and other metrics. Subjective well-being has several known causes that reliably predict well-being across time and place, such as income, education, prosociality, and perceived corruption (i.e. REF). Given the benefits of well-being to both individuals and nations, and that subjective well-being is often predicted by variables that are not easily altered, this study aims to better understand the relationships between subjective well-being and some of its known predictors, in the context of India. Three hypotheses were tested and found significant with nationally representative samples of a total of 57,077 survey respondents in India, using data from Gallup World Poll for 2006-2019. Hypothesis #1 tests for having someone one can count on as a mediator. Hypothesis #2 tests for age as a moderator. Hypothesis #3 is a moderated mediation that best explains how the known predictors of subjective well-being make their influence, and with whom. This study’s findings give insights into the ways in which subjective well-being in India can be better understood and thus improved. Such understanding may also help local Indian nonprofit organizations, as well as other researchers and mental health providers, with shared interests in the growing prevalence of suicide in India.
Evaluating the Validity of the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale for Lonely Older Adults
Authors: Mai Jacqueline , Bower Emily , Van Orden Kimberly 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The risk of suicide death represents a significant problem facing older adults. They are less likely to disclose suicidal ideation (SI) and more likely to die from a suicide attempt compared to younger populations. Accurate screening tools for suicide risk are necessary to identify high-risk individuals who could benefit from intervention. The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), considered the gold standard for clinician-administered suicide risk assessments, was not developed for use with older adults. The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the C-SSRS’s sensitivity in capturing previous suicidal behavior (behavior subscale) and current intent (severity subscale), both of which are highly predictive of suicide in older adults. 105 adults 60 years and older (M=72.10, SD=9.16; 68.6% female) who endorsed loneliness or feeling like a burden in the past two weeks were enrolled in a larger controlled trial and completed baseline C-SSRS, Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS), and Geriatric Suicide Ideation Scale (GSIS). Exclusion criteria included significant cognitive impairment. Concurrent validity will be evaluated using random-effects mixed linear regression to test associations between C-SSRS scores and GSIS and QIDS scores, respectively. Baseline responses indicate that 14.9% of participants reported at least one lifetime suicide attempt. Within the last month, 66.7% wished to be dead, 20% had active SI without a plan, 6.7% had active SI with some intent to act, and 6.7% had active SI with a specific plan and intent. Findings from this project will help guide safety assessment recommendations and inform interventions targeting older adult suicide risk.
Stress-Buffering Factors of Social Integration on Depressive Symptoms Over Time in Late-Life
Authors: Kinkade Emily , Fuller Heather 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The negative impacts of stress on older adults’ well-being are well documented, and social integration is posited as protective against such detrimental effects. Previous research illustrates the stress-buffering effect of social relationships on both physical and mental health, such as depressive symptoms, in older adults. The purpose of this study was to expand on prior findings by investigating the longitudinal stress-buffering effect of various dimensions of social integration on depressive symptoms among an older sample. Four waves of data were drawn from the Social Integration and Aging Study, including 416 older adults (ages 60-100). Subscales of the Social Integration in Later Life Scale measuring frequency and satisfaction with social ties and community interaction were used to assess distinct dimensions of social integration. Multilevel modeling demonstrated that two facets of social integration—satisfaction with social ties and frequency of community interaction—moderated the relationship between perceived stress and trajectories of depressive symptoms over time. Participants who reported high levels of stress reported fewer depressive symptoms if they had high satisfaction with social ties and high frequency of community involvement. Interestingly, frequency of contact with social ties and satisfaction with community interaction did not similarly buffer negative effects for depressive symptoms. These findings indicate the value of remaining actively engaged in the community and maintaining meaningful relationships as older adults age. Future research should investigate programs to foster relationships and engagement between older adults and their communities, with particular consideration of populations at a greater risk for isolation.