bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corona and XUV emission modelling of the Sun and Sun-like stars
Authors: Shoda Munehito , Takasao Shinsuke 
Published: September 2021

The X-ray and extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) emissions from low-mass stars significantly affect the evolution of the planetary atmosphere. However, it is observationally difficult to constrain the stellar high-energy emission because of the strong interstellar extinction of EUV photons. In this study, we simulate the XUV (X-ray plus EUV) emission from Sun-like stars by extending the solar coronal heating model that self-consistently solves, with sufficiently high resolution, the surface-to-coronal energy transport, turbulent coronal heating, and coronal thermal response by conduction and radiation. The simulations are performed with a range of loop lengths and magnetic filling factors at the stellar surface. With the solar parameters, the model reproduces the observed solar XUV spectrum below the Lyman edge, thus validating its capability of predicting the XUV spectra of other Sun-like stars. The model also reproduces the observed nearly linear relation between the unsigned magnetic flux and the X-ray luminosity. From the simulation runs with various loop lengths and filling factors, we also find a scaling relation, namely logLEUV= 9.93 + 0.67 logLX, whereLEUVandLXare the luminosity in the EUV (100 Å <λ≤ 912 Å) and X-ray (5 Å <λ≤ 100 Å) range, respectively, in cgs. By assuming a power–law relation between the Rossby number and the magnetic filling factor, we reproduce the renowned relation between the Rossby number and the X-ray luminosity. We also propose an analytical description of the energy injected into the corona, which, in combination with the conventional Rosner–Tucker–Vaiana scaling law, semi-analytically explains the simulation results. This study refines the concepts of solar and stellar coronal heating and derives a theoretical relation for estimating the hidden stellar EUV luminosity from X-ray observations.
Bedeutung der stufenweisen Wiedereingliederung für die
Rückkehr an den Arbeitsplatz bei onkologischen Patienten
Authors: Rick Oliver 
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Die stufenweise Wiedereingliederung (stWE) ist seit vielen
Jahren ein etabliertes Instrument zur Rückkehr an den Arbeitsplatz.
Allerdings ist der Effekt bei Patienten mit onkologischen Erkrankungen
ungeklärt. Zielsetzung der Studie war es, die Bedeutung der stWE nach
einer stationären medizinischen Rehabilitation zu ermitteln.
Methodik Im Rahmen einer Kohortenstudie wurden retrospektiv die Daten von
787 Patienten ausgewertet, die von 06/2012 bis 06/2019 eine
medizinische Rehabilitation in der Klinik Reinhardshöhe
durchgeführt haben. Die Patienten wurden routinemäßig 6
Monate nach Ende der medizinischen Rehabilitation kontaktiert und zur
beruflichen Situation befragt. Die subjektive vom Patienten angegebene
Erwerbsprognose wurde mittels des Würzburger Screening-Bogens
erfasst.
Ergebnis 485/787 Patienten (62%) hatten eine stufenweise
Wiedereingliederung durchgeführt, 302/787 Patienten
(38%) hatten dies nicht getan. Zum Zeitpunkt der Nachbefragung waren
456/485 Patienten mit stWE an den Arbeitsplatz zurückgekehrt, in
der Gruppe ohne stWE taten dies nur 155/302 Patienten (94 vs.
51%; p<0,001). Als positiver Prädiktor für die
Rückkehr an den Arbeitsplatz fand sich die stWE als mit Abstand
stärkster Faktor (OR 20,21; 95%-KI 8,605–47,065).
Schlussfolgerung Wenngleich es sich um eine retrospektive Analyse von
Routinedaten handelt, stellt sich die stWE als sehr starker positiver
Prädiktor für die Rückkehr an den Arbeitsplatz dar. Die
Nicht-Inanspruchnahme einer stWE ist wahrscheinlich durch weitere medizinische
oder persönliche und in unserer Studie nicht kontrollierte Faktoren
beeinflusst. Dies kann zur Überschätzung des Effektes
geführt haben.
Evolución epidemiológica de la artroplastia de cadera y rodilla durante 17 años en pacientes con artrosis severa en un Hospital Chileno
Authors: Barahona Maximiliano , Prieto Juan Pablo , Ceron Felipe , Catalán Jaime , Infante Carlos , Barrientos Cristian 
Published: September 2021

Resumen
Introducción La artroplastia total de cadera (ATC), es la cirugía del siglo XX por el impacto en la calidad de vida. Por su parte, la artroplastia de rodilla (AR), ha demostrado ser un procedimiento costo-efectivo en gonartrosis.
Objetivo Describir la evolución de ATC y AR, en cuanto a número de procedimientos, edad y género en pacientes operados en un hospital general.
Método Estudio transversal analítico. Fueron incluidos todos los procedimientos realizados en un único centro, entre enero de 2002 y diciembre 2018, que estuvieran registrados por los códigos de prestación Fonasa 2104129 y 2104153. Fueron excluidos todos los procedimientos de revisión de artroplastia, tumores y fracturas. Se realizó un análisis de correlación de Spearman, se estableció una significancia de 0,05.
Resultados Fueron incluidos 3270 procedimientos, 1975 corresponden a ATC (60,4%) y 1295 AR (39,6%). El número de ATC ha ido aumentando, en 2002 fueron realizados 122, mientras que en 2018, fueron 164. Por su parte, las AR también aumentaron, en 2002 fueron realizadas 40, mientras que en 2018 fueron 155. La proporción ATC/AR ha disminuido significativamente. La edad promedio ha disminuido en AR y aumentado en ATC, sin significación estadística. En ATC, se observa un incremento en la proporción de hombres operados.
Conclusiones El perfil epidemiológico de los pacientes operados de artroplastia ha cambiado significativamente. La epidemiología mundial y la de este estudio muestran un significativo incremento de pacientes que requieren AR, por lo cual, parece importante incluir ese procedimiento en las necesidades sanitarias a satisfacer, en el diseño de nuevas políticas públicas.
Clinical and Molecular Study of the NOG Gene in Families with Mandibular Micrognathism
Authors: Gutiérrez-Prieto Sandra J. , Torres-López Diana M. , García-Robayo Dabeiba A. , Rey-Cubillos Jorge A. , Gómez-Rodríguez Mariluz 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectives Previous studies showed that noggin gene (NOG) sequence alterations, as well as epigenetic factors, could influence mandibular development. The aim of this study was to analyze clinical characteristics, NOG gene sequences, and promoter methylation sites in patients with mandibular micrognathism.Materials and Methods A total of 35 individuals of five Colombian families were subject to clinical and cephalometric analysis for mandibular micrognathism. One nonaffected individual of each family was included as a control. DNA was isolated from whole blood sample from all individuals by salting out method. Nine NOG gene fragments were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. Identification of CpG islands for methylation analysis at the NOG gene promoter was performed by MSP-PCR kit (Qiagen R).Statistical Analysis A descriptive statistical analysis was carried out evaluating the presence or absence of genetics variants and the methylation sites in the NOG gene.Results NOG sequence results of affected individuals with mandibular micrognathism for one of the families studied demonstrated that they were heterozygous for 672 C/A (new mutation). For a second family, individuals were heterozygous for 567 G/C (single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] RS116716909). For DNA analyzed from all patients studied, no methylations were observed at the NOG gene promoter region.Conclusion Our results suggested that 672 C/A and 567 G/C variants could be involved in the presence of mandibular micrognathism. Moreover, lack of methylation sites at the NOG gene promoter region of all individuals studied suggests possibly other epigenetic factors could modulate mandibular growth. The search of genetic variants related with mandibular micrognathism will allow to predict in an integral way the development patterns of the patients and therefore establish a better clinical treatment.
Análisis de la mortalidad tras una fractura de cadera en un periodo de 15 años: la mortalidad al año se correlaciona directamente con la mortalidad a los 2 años
Authors: Palma Daniel , Barahona Maximiliano , Palma Javier , Catalán Jaime , Barrientos Cristián 
Published: September 2021

Resumen
Objetivo Evaluar la tendencia de la letalidad al año y a 2 años, tiempo de espera de cirugía y estadía hospitalaria en fractura de cadera entre 2002 y 2016. Además, evaluar la correlación entre letalidad a uno y dos años.
Método Diseño transversal. Fueron incluidos pacientes mayores de 60 años que ingresaron por fractura de cadera entre 2002 y 2016. Se solicitó al Registro Civil reportar si los pacientes estaban con vida al 30 de junio de 2019. La correlación de Spearman fue estimada para determinar la tendencia de la letalidad a uno y dos años, la edad, el tiempo de espera de cirugía, y la estadía hospitalaria durante el periodo estudiado. Además, una regresión linear fue estimada entre letalidad a un año y dos años.
Resultados Fueron incluidos 961 fracturas de cadera. Se observó una tendencia a la disminución en la letalidad a 1 (rho = -0.23) y 2 años (rho = -0.29), en la proporción de hombres (rho = -0.25), en la estadía hospitalaria (rho = -0.06), y en el tiempo de espera de cirugía (rho = -0.11), sin alcanzar significancia estadística. La letalidad a 1 año fue de 0,17 (intervalo de confianza de 95% [IC95%]: 0,14 a 0,19), y a 2 años, de 0,26 (IC 95%: 0,23 a 0,29). Se estimó un R2 de 0,60 entre la letalidad a 1 y 2 años.
Conclusiones La letalidad a uno y dos años, el tiempo de espera de cirugía, la edad de presentación, y la estadía hospitalaria no han variado significativamente en el periodo estudiado. Se observa una fuerte correlación entre la letalidad a uno y dos años, lo que sugiere un riesgo constante de mortalidad después de una fractura de cadera.
Newborn Septic Arthritis—A Rare Presentation of Late-Onset Group B Streptococcal Disease: Case Report and Short Review of the Literature
Authors: Schuler Rahel , Ehrhardt Harald , Zimmer Klaus-Peter , Berthold Daniel , Trauth Janina , Fölsch Christian , Waitz Markus 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGroup B Streptococcus (GBS) disease is a leading cause of invasive bacterial infections among neonates. We present the case of an 11-day-old neonate with septic arthritis as a rare presentation of late-onset disease (LOD) with a favorable short-term outcome. GBS is a leading cause of neonatal infection. Early-onset disease (EOD) is defined as infection from birth to 6 days of age, while LOD occurs from 7 days to approximately 3 months of age. EOD is acquired through vertical transmission and can be reduced through application of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP). LOD can be acquired from the mother or from environmental sources, unlikely to be prevented by IAP. The most common presentation of EOD is bacteremia (83%), pneumonia (9%), and meningitis (7%). While the clinical picture in both EOD and LOD frequently resembles in LOD hamatogenous spreading may predispose neonates to present with uncommon organ manifestation other than the classic systemic signs of sepsis, for example, septic arthritis. Herein, we report on the management and outcome of a term neonate with late onset GqBS bacteremia and subtle clinical symptoms of septic monoarthritis.
Grazing beef cows identified as efficient using a nutrition model partition more energy to lactation
Authors: dos Reis B. R. , Tedeschi L. O. , Saran Netto A. , Silva S. L. , Lancaster P. A. 
Published: September 2021

Context The efficiency of the cow–calf sector could be enhanced by matching cow biological type to the production environment; however, methods to estimate the biological efficiency of grazing beef cows are not available. Aims This study utilised a mathematical nutrition model for ranking beef cows for estimated biological efficiency, determining energetic efficiency and evaluate relationships with other production traits. Methods Cow live weight, calf birth and weaning weight, calf birth and weaning date, and forage nutritive value of hay and pasture were collected for 69 Brangus crossbred beef cows over a complete production cycle. The Cattle Value Discovery System for Beef Cow (CVDSbc) model was used to compute metabolisable energy required (MER) for the cow, and energy efficiency index (EEI) was computed as the ratio of MER to calf weaning weight. Pearson correlation coefficients were computed among performance traits. During late lactation and gestation, low (n = 8) and high (n = 8) EEI cows were individually fed ad libitum for 44 and 32 days, respectively, then fed 0.5× the estimated metabolisable energy required for maintenance for 7 days (gestation experiment only). Apparent nutrient digestibility, heat production, and milk yield were measured. Key results EEI was strongly negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with model predicted peak milk (−0.62) and calf weaning weight (−0.65), but moderately correlated (P < 0.05) with cow live weight (0.46). Dry matter intake was not different (P > 0.75) between low and high EEI cows even though low EEI cows weighed less (P < 0.05) during late lactation and gestation experiments. Low EEI cows tended to have greater efficiency of metabolisable energy use for maintenance and gain (P < 0.10), and EEI was negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with the efficiency of metabolisable energy use for maintenance (−0.56) and gain (−0.57). Conclusion The CVDSbc model identified cows that weaned heavier calves due to greater dry matter intake of cows relative to live weight allowing more energy apportioned towards lactation, and more efficient use of metabolisable energy for maintenance and gain. Implications Energy efficiency index might provide a logical assessment of biological efficiency of beef cows in grazing production systems.
Palm kernel cake in high-concentrate diets improves animal performance without affecting the meat quality of goat kids
Authors: Rodrigues T. C. G. C. , Santos S. A. , Cirne L. G. A. , dos S. Pina D. , Alba H. D. R. , de Araújo M. L. G. M. L. , Silva W. P. , Nascimento C. O. , Rodrigues C. S. , de Carvalho G. G. P. 
Published: September 2021

Context Goat farming is an important socio-economic activity. The feedlot system allows the finishing of the animals in short periods through use of concentrated diets; however, these diets increase the system’s production costs. Palm kernel cake (PKC) has proved to be a good alternative feed source in diets for cattle and sheep because of its nutritional characteristics and potential to reduce production costs. Aim This experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of high-concentrate diets with the inclusion of PKC on carcass traits and meat quality of feedlot goat kids. Methods Thirty-two crossbred, castrated Boer goat kids, 4 months old and of average initial body weight 19.65 ± 3.00 kg, were used in the study. The animals were assigned to treatments in a completely randomised design, with four experimental diets containing PKC at 0%, 12%, 24%, and 36% on a dry matter basis. Measurements included total weight gain at slaughter, quantitative and sensory meat characteristics, and fatty acid profile. Key results A quadratic effect (P < 0.05) on total weight gain, and on meat marbling, lightness, and yellowness, was observed. The highest total weight gain and marbling were recorded with the diet containing 12% PKC. Loin eye area was also highest at 12% PKC, then decreased, whereas protein content and shear force increased (P < 0.05) at the higher PKC levels. Diet affected (P < 0.05) saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. No effect was observed from the inclusion of PKC on sensory attributes or on nutritional quality of the lipid fraction of the meat. Conclusion It is recommended the use up to 12% of this alternative source of nutrients, owing to the higher total weight gain and improved quantitative aspects of the goat kids’ meat such as marbling and loin eye area. Implications High-concentrate diets and the use of by-products for animal nutrition have become common in animal production systems. The increasing use of PKC in animal nutrition leads us to determine the best dietary inclusion level, avoiding undesirable production or product quality characteristics.
Biochemical changes induced by phytoplasmas in plants
Authors: Hemmati Chamran 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Phytoplasmas are cell wall-less and pleomorphic bacterial pathogens that cause considerable yield losses in more than 1000 plant species worldwide and transmitted by sap-feeding insects. Phytoplasma-infected plants exhibit symptoms including witches’ broom, phyllody, virescence, yellowing induced by the phytoplasma effector proteins. It has been revealed that phytoplasmas are capable of modulating biochemical responses of plants involved in defense mechanisms. In this respect, phenolic compounds, free amino acids in source leaves, protein contents, some secondary metabolites, and polyamines were found to increase, while chlorophyll content and photosynthetic activity and the number of chemical compounds were reduced as a consequence of phytoplasma infection. Therefore, the objective of this study was to review the chemical composition changes in phytoplasma-infected plants.
Coexisting unconventional Rashba- and Zeeman-type spin splitting in Pb-adsorbed monolayer WSe2
Authors: Mao Xiujuan , Li Jia , Liu Ze , Wang Jiaxi , He Fuli , Wang Yafan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Based on first-principles calculations, the unconventional Rashba- and Zeeman-type spin splitting can simultaneously coexist in the Pb-adsorbed monolayer WSe2 system. The first two adsorption configurations t
1 and t
2 show remarkable features under the spin–orbit coupling, in which two split energy branches show same spin states at the left or right side of Γ, and the spin polarization is reversed for both Rashba band branches. For the second adsorption configuration, an energy gap was observed near the unconventional spin polarization caused by the repelled Rashba bands for avoid crossing, and this gap can produce non-dissipative spin current by applying the voltage. The results for t
2 configuration with spin reversal show that the repel band gap and Rashba parameter can be effectively regulated within the biaxial strain range of −8% to 6%. By changing the adsorption distance d between Pb and the neighboring Se atom layer, the reduced d caused the transfer from Rashba-type to Zeeman-type spin splitting. This predicted adsorption system would be promising for spintronic applications.
Estimation of the historical radiation dose of Korean radiation workers, 1961–1983
Authors: Lee Dalnim , Lee Won Jin , Jin Young Woo , Kim Jiyeong , Park Soojin , Park Sunhoo , Seo Songwon 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Accurate dosimetry plays a key role in evaluating the radiation-induced health risks of radiation workers. The National Dose Registry in Korea contains the dose records of radiation workers in nuclear-related occupations since 1984. Thus, radiation doses for workers before 1984 are often sparse or missing. This study aimed to estimate the historical radiation dose before 1984 for radiation workers in Korea based on dose reconstruction models. The dose reconstruction models were derived from the nationwide self-administered questionnaire survey and the personal badge doses for workers in the cohort of the Korean Radiation Worker Study. The mean estimated annual doses between 1984 and 2016 from the dose reconstruction model were 4.67–0.6 mSv, which closely matched the reported doses of 4.51–0.43 mSv. The mean estimated annual doses between 1961 and 1983 based on the exposure scenarios developed by factors associated with radiation doses ranged from 11.08 to 4.82 mSv. The mean estimated annual doses of individuals in the cohort from 1961 to 1983 ranged from 11.15 to 4.88 mSv. Although caution needs to be exercised in the interpretation of these estimations due to uncertainty owed to the nature of extrapolation beyond the range of observed data, this study offers a sense of the radiation doses for workers during Korea’s early period of radiation-related activities, which can be a useful piece of information for radiation-induced health risk assessments.
Dynamic stochastic deep learning approaches for predicting geometric changes in head and neck cancer
Authors: Pakela Julia M , Matuszak Martha M , Ten Haken Randall K , McShan Daniel L , El Naqa Issam 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective. Modern radiotherapy stands to benefit from the ability to efficiently adapt plans during treatment in response to setup and geometric variations such as those caused by internal organ deformation or tumor shrinkage. A promising strategy is to develop a framework, which given an initial state defined by patient-attributes, can predict future states based on pre-learned patterns from a well-defined patient population. Approach. Here, we investigate the feasibility of predicting patient anatomical changes, defined as a joint state of volume and daily setup changes, across a fractionated treatment schedule using two approaches. The first is based on a new joint framework employing quantum mechanics in combination with deep recurrent neural networks, denoted QRNN. The second approach is developed based on a classical framework, which models patient changes as a Markov process, denoted MRNN. We evaluated the performance characteristics of these two approaches on a dataset of 125 head and neck cancer patients, which was supplemented by synthetic data generated using a generative adversarial network. Model performance was evaluated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) scores. Main results. The MRNN framework had slightly better performance than the QRNN framework, with MRNN (QRNN) validation AUC scores of 0.742

±

0.021 (0.675

±

0.036), 0.709

±

0.026 (0.656

±

0.021), 0.724

±

0.036 (0.652

±

0.044), and 0.698

±

0.016 (0.605

±

0.035) for system state vector sizes of 4, 6, 8, and 10, respectively. Of these, only the results from the two higher order states had statistically significant differences

(
p
<
0.05
)
.

A similar trend was also observed when the models were applied to an external testing dataset of 20 patients, yielding MRNN (QRNN) AUC scores of 0.707 (0.623), 0.687 (0.608), 0.723 (0.669), and 0.697 (0.609) for states vectors sizes of 4, 6, 8, and 10, respectively. Significance. These results suggest that both stochastic models have potential value in predicting patient changes during the course of adaptive radiotherapy.
Integrated Multi-Operational Antenna System Design for CR Applications
Authors: Parida Rajeev K. , Muduli Arjuna , Panda Dhruba C. , Nayak Deepak Kumar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A four-port multi-operational antenna system is designed for Cognitive Radio application. It consists of a sensing ultra-wideband antenna and three communicating narrowband antenna. The CPW fed monopole is a sensing antenna. It covers 2-11 GHz of the UWB band. The three narrow band antennas are operating at 5.834 GHz, 6.42 GHz, 7.355 GHz, and 8.786 GHz respectively. The mutual coupling is below-15 dB. This integrated UWB/NB antenna system can also be a good candidate for C-band, Maritime radio navigation, and X-band applications.
Replacing two As atoms in silicene nanoribbons in the presence of an external electric field
Authors: Ngoc Hoang Van 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
With the continuous development of nanotechnology and science, its life application is extremely large. Silicene nanoribbons (SiNR) are nanostructures with many advantages, replacing another element in SiNR helps to create new materials with many outstanding properties. This work studies the doping of two arsenic (As) atoms at different positions in the unit lattice cell of SiNR, the system is placed in an electric field. The presence of an electric field in the system causes changes in the energy band structure and the density of the state. There are three sites to be doped in here, namely the meta, ortho, and para position. One of these three positions will be the most optimal, the position at which the formation energy is the lowest. The structure diagrams of the energy region and state density will be drawn, compared, and examined.