bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Weather Regimes and Atmospheric Rivers in East Antarctica
Authors: Pohl Benjamin , Favier Vincent , Wille Jonathan , Udy Danielle G , Vance Tessa R , Pergaud Julien , Dutrievoz Niels , Blanchet Juliette , Kittel Christoph , Amory Charles , Krinner Gerhard , Codron Francis 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHere, we define weather regimes in the East Antarctica—Southern Ocean sector based on daily anomalies of 700 hPa geopotential height derived from ERA5 reanalysis during 1979–2018. Most regimes and their preferred transitions depict synoptic‐scale disturbances propagating eastwards off the Antarctic coastline. While regime sequences are generally short, their interannual variability is strongly driven by the polarity of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). Regime occurrences are then intersected with atmospheric rivers (ARs) detected over the same region and period. ARs are equiprobable throughout the year, but clearly concentrate during regimes associated with a strong atmospheric ridges/blockings on the eastern part of the domain, which act to channel meridional advection of heat and moisture from the lower latitudes towards Antarctica. Both regimes and ARs significantly shape climate variability in Antarctica. Regimes favorable to AR occurrences are associated with anomalously warm and humid conditions in coastal Antarctica and, to a lesser extent, the hinterland parts of the Antarctic plateau. These anomalies are strongly enhanced during AR events, with warmer anomalies and dramatically amplified snowfall amounts. Large‐scale conditions favoring AR development are finally explored. They show weak dependency to the SAM, but particularly strong atmospheric ridges/blockings over the Southern Ocean appear as the most favorable pattern, in which ARs can be embedded, and to which they contribute.
The Satellite Risk Prediction and Radiation Forecast System (SaRIF)
Authors: Horne Richard B. , Glauert Sarah A. , Kirsch Peter , Heynderickx Daniel , Bingham Suzy , Thorn Peter , Curran Babara‐Ann , Pitchford David , Haggarty Ewan , Wade David , Keil Ralf 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWith new satellite constellations being launched into low Earth orbit, the growing use of medium Earth orbit for radio‐navigation and timing signals, slot region orbits for telecommunications and the introduction of electric propulsion to reach geostationary orbit, there is a growing need to develop services to protect satellites from space weather. Here we highlight two recent events in relation to satellite operations. We summarize 10 user needs that arose out of meetings with satellite operators, designers, underwriters and space agency staff. We present the satellite risk prediction and radiation forecast (SaRIF) system which is designed to meet most of these needs. The system uses real‐time data as input to the BAS radiation belt model (BAS‐RBM) to solve the Fokker Planck equation and provides a forecast of the electron flux throughout the outer radiation belt with 1‐hr resolution up to 24 hr ahead. The electron flux is used to calculate charging currents, and is combined with GOES near real time proton fluxes to calculate dose rate and total ionizing dose behind set levels of shielding for satellites in Medium Earth orbit, Geostationary orbit and slot region orbits. The results are compared against design standards and presented as risk indicators to forecast the risk of damage. The system works automatically and is updated every hour. We also present data and a best reconstruction of the radiation environment which are held in a searchable archive for satellite anomaly resolution. The SaRIF system is available via the European Space Agency space weather web portal.
The computational analyses, molecular dynamics of fatty-acid transport mechanism to the CD36 receptor
Authors: Akachar Jihane , Etchebest Catherine , El Jaoudi Rachid , Ibrahimi Azeddine 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe transmembrane glycoprotein CD36, which is responsible of the metabolic disorders, and the elevated intake of fat induces lipid buildup, is a multifunctional scavenger receptor signaling those functions in high-affinity tissue uptake of long-chain fatty acids. In this study, we used series of molecular dynamics simulations of the wild type and mutants types K164A CD36 protein interacting with one palmitic acid (PLM) besides simulations of the wild type interacting with the three PLM to find out the mechanism of the functioning of the complex CD36/Fatty acids and the unraveling of the role of the mutation. Additionally we determined whether Lys164, mostly exposed to protein surface, played important roles in fatty acid uptake. These simulations revealed, the conformational changes induced by Lys164 residue and the altered interactions induced by the mutagenesis of surface lysine that was badly influencing the folding, utility, solubility, and stability form of the variant. Furthermore, Lys164 residue provided the structural basis of forming an opening at the region of principal portal for the dissociation of palmitic acid. The results of our simulations revealed hole two fatty acids found in CD36 cavity structure and it was the most preferred to CD36 structure stabilization.
Haemodynamic-dependent arrest of circulating tumour cells at large blood vessel bifurcations as new model for metastasis
Authors: Casas-Arozamena Carlos , Otero-Cacho Alberto , Carnero Bastian , Almenglo Cristina , Aymerich Maria , Alonso-Alconada Lorena , Ferreiros Alba , Abalo Alicia , Bao-Varela Carmen , Flores-Arias Maria Teresa , Alvarez Ezequiel , Munuzuri Alberto P. , Abal Miguel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHoming of circulating tumour cells (CTC) at distant sites represents a critical event in metastasis dissemination. In addition to physical entrapment, probably responsible of the majority of the homing events, the vascular system provides with geometrical factors that govern the flow biomechanics and impact on the fate of the CTC. Here we mathematically explored the distribution of velocities and the corresponding streamlines at the bifurcations of large blood vessel and characterized an area of low-velocity at the carina of bifurcation that favours the residence of CTC. In addition to this fluid physics effect, the adhesive capabilities of the CTC provide with a biological competitive advantage resulting in a marginal but systematic arrest as evidenced by dynamic in vitro recirculation in Y-microchannels and by perfusion in in vivo mice models. Our results also demonstrate that viscosity, as a main determinant of the Reynolds number that define flow biomechanics, may be modulated to limit or impair CTC accumulation at the bifurcation of blood vessels, in agreement with the apparent positive effect observed in the clinical setting by anticoagulants in advanced oncology disease.
Effect of vitamin D on cognitive decline: results from two ancillary studies of the VITAL randomized trial
Authors: Kang Jae H. , Vyas Chirag M. , Okereke Olivia I. , Ogata Soshiro , Albert Michelle , Lee I.-Min , D’Agostino Denise , Buring Julie E. , Cook Nancy R. , Grodstein Francine , Manson JoAnn E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLow vitamin D levels have been associated with cognitive decline; however, few randomized trials have been conducted. In a trial, we evaluated vitamin D3 supplementation on cognitive decline. We included participants aged 60+ years (mean[SD] = 70.9[5.8] years) free of cardiovascular disease and cancer in two substudies in the VITAL 2 × 2 randomized trial of vitamin D3 (2000 IU/day of cholecalciferol) and fish oil supplements: 3424 had cognitive assessments by phone (eight neuropsychologic tests; 2.8 years follow-up) and 794 had in-person assessments (nine tests; 2.0 years follow-up). The primary, pre-specified outcome was decline over two assessments in global composite score (average z-scores of all tests); substudy-specific results were meta-analyzed. The pooled mean difference in annual rate of decline (MD) for vitamin D3 versus placebo was 0.01 (95% CI − 0.01, 0.02; p = 0.39). We observed no interaction with baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin-D levels (p-interaction = 0.84) and a significant interaction with self-reported race (p-interaction = 0.01). Among Black participants (19%), those assigned vitamin D3 versus placebo had better cognitive maintenance (MD = 0.04, 95% CI 0.01, 0.08, similar to that observed for Black participants 1.2 years apart in age). Thus, vitamin D3 (2000 IU/day cholecalciferol) supplementation was not associated with cognitive decline over 2–3 years among community-dwelling older participants but may provide modest cognitive benefits in older Black adults, although these results need confirmation.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov; VITAL (NCT01169259), VITAL-DEP (NCT01696435) and VITAL-Cog (NCT01669915); the date the registration for the parent trial (NCT01169259) was submitted to the registry: 7/26/2010 and the date of first patient enrollment in either of the ancillary studies for cognitive function in a subset of eligible VITAL participants: 9/14/2011.
Famines and likelihood of consecutive megadroughts in India
Authors: Mishra Vimal , Aadhar Saran 
Published: December 2021

AbstractConsecutive failures in the summer monsoon rainfall led to widespread and severe droughts with profound implications for agricultural activities in India. However, the likelihood of successive megadroughts in India’s past and future climate remain poorly understood. Using Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) from the Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas (MADA), we show that the major famines that affected millions of people during 1200–2018 were linked with summer monsoon droughts. Four megadroughts covering more than 40% of the country occurred for two consecutive summer monsoon seasons during 1200–2018. The most recent and severe megadrought occurred in 2002–2003. Simulations from the Community Earth System Model (CESM) for the last millennium (850–2005) ensemble (LME) show that the likelihood of two and three-year consecutive megadroughts during the summer monsoon is about 0.7 and 0.3 events per 100 years, respectively. Large ensemble simulations from CESM (CESM-LE) show a decline in the frequency of megadroughts in the future. Summer monsoon megadroughts are strongly associated with the warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the Pacific Ocean in the past and future climate. Substantial warming under the projected future climate can cause megadroughts under near-normal precipitation during the summer monsoon season. Despite the projected decline in the likelihood of the summer monsoon megadroughts under the warming climate, megadroughts in the future can have considerable implications for India’s food production and water availability.
Estimating heritability of glycaemic response to metformin using nationwide electronic health records and population-sized pedigree
Authors: Kalka Iris N. , Gavrieli Amir , Shilo Smadar , Rossman Hagai , Artzi Nitzan Shalom , Yacovzada Nancy-Sarah , Segal Eran 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Variability of response to medication is a well-known phenomenon, determined by both environmental and genetic factors. Understanding the heritable component of the response to medication is of great interest but challenging due to several reasons, including small study cohorts and computational limitations.

Methods
Here, we study the heritability of variation in the glycaemic response to metformin, first-line therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes (T2D), by leveraging 18 years of electronic health records (EHR) data from Israel’s largest healthcare service provider, consisting of over five million patients of diverse ethnicities and socio-economic background. Our cohort consists of 80,788 T2D patients treated with metformin, with an accumulated number of 1,611,591 HbA1C measurements and 4,581,097 metformin prescriptions. We estimate the explained variance of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c%) reduction due to inheritance by constructing a six-generation population-size pedigree from national registries and linking it to medical health records.

Results
Using Linear Mixed Model-based framework, a common-practice method for heritability estimation, we calculate a heritability measure of $${h}^{2}=12.6 \%$$

h

2

=
12.6
%
(95% CI, $$6.1 \%\! -\!19.1 \%$$
6.1
%

−

19.1
%
) for absolute reduction of HbA1c% after metformin treatment in the entire cohort, $${h}^{2}=21.0 \%$$

h

2

=
21.0
%
(95% CI, $$7.8 \%\! -\!34.4 \%$$
7.8
%

−

34.4
%
) for males and $${h}^{2}=22.9 \%$$

h

2

=
22.9
%
(95% CI, $$10.0 \%\! -\!35.7 \%$$
10.0
%

−

35.7
%
) in females. Results remain unchanged after adjusting for pre-treatment HbA1c%, and in proportional reduction of HbA1c%.

Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first to estimate heritability of drug response using solely EHR data combining a pedigree-based kinship matrix. We demonstrate that while response to metformin treatment has a heritable component, most of the variation is likely due to other factors, further motivating non-genetic analyses aimed at unraveling metformin’s action mechanism.
Abnormal event detection by a weakly supervised temporal attention network
Authors: Zheng Xiangtao , Zhang Yichao , Zheng Yunpeng , Luo Fulin , Lu Xiaoqiang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAbnormal event detection aims to automatically identify unusual events that do not comply with expectation. Recently, many methods have been proposed to obtain the temporal locations of abnormal events under various determined thresholds. However, the specific categories of abnormal events are mostly neglect, which are important to help in monitoring agents to make decisions. In this study, a Temporal Attention Network (TANet) is proposed to capture both the specific categories and temporal locations of abnormal events in a weakly supervised manner. The TANet learns the anomaly score and specific category for each video segment with only video‐level abnormal event labels. An event recognition module is exploited to predict the event scores for each video segment while a temporal attention module is proposed to learn a temporal attention value. Finally, to learn anomaly scores and specific categories, three constraints are considered: event category constraint, event separation constraint and temporal smoothness constraint. Experiments on the University of Central Florida Crime dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
On plateaued functions satisfying propagation criterion of degree l$l$
Authors: Li Luyang , Zhao Qinglan , Zheng Dong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe propagation criterion is defined in cryptography in order to analyze the security of cryptographic components with respect to differential cryptanalysis. This paper explains a class of plateaued functions satisfying the propagation criterion of degree by using the Maiorana–McFarland construction. And a variety of other desirable criteria for functions with cryptographic application could also be satisfied, such as balancedness, high non‐linearity, non‐existence of non‐zero linear structures, good global avalanche characteristics.
A deep learning approach for the classification of TB from NIH CXR dataset
Authors: Zaidi S. Zainab Yousuf , Akram M. Usman , Jameel Amina , Alghamdi Norah Saleh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this research, a novel customized deep learning model is proposed to detect Tuberculosis (TB) from chest X‐rays (CXR). The model is utilized for three experimentations: (i) classification of CXR image as healthy or TB infected, (ii) sub‐classification of infected images to TB specific manifestations, and (iii) classification of CXR image to thoracic disease manifestations. The National Institute of Health (NIH) CXR is used for experimentation. For the first two experimentations, the subset of the dataset is used containing only 10 TB specific manifestations, whereas, the entire NIH CXR dataset is used for the third experiment. The F1 score for binary classification of TB in experiment 1 is calculated as 0.92 which is higher than the average F1 score of the radiologists. The average accuracy for classifying TB specific manifestations in experiment 2 is recorded as 0.84. Finally, the average accuracy of the thoracic disease classification is recorded as 0.82 in experiment 3. The proposed system outperformed the existing approaches reporting higher AUC for each manifestation. Whereas, to the best of knowledge it is the first such attempt on NIH CXR dataset for TB and TB specific manifestation classification and the proposed system showed promising results.
Positive Direct Antiglobulin Test: Is It a Risk Factor for Significant Hyperbilirubinemia in Neonates with ABO Incompatibility?
Authors: Ercin Secil , Coskun Yesim , Kayas Kalender , Kavas Nazan , Gursoy Tugba 
Published: December 2021

Objective ABO blood group (ABO) incompatibility is a common cause of neonatal indirect hyperbilirubinemia. The direct antiglobulin test (DAT) can identify infants developing hemolytic disease. This study aims to evaluate the significance of DAT positivity among neonates with ABO incompatibility.
Study Design This retrospective study included 820 neonates with blood group A or B who were born to blood group O mothers. The study group consisted of neonates (n = 79) who had positive DAT, and the control group consisted of infants (n = 741) who had negative DAT. Demographic and clinical data of the neonates regarding jaundice were collected and compared statistically.
Results The bilirubin level at 24 hours of life (study group: 8 ± 2.6 mg/dL, control group: 6 ± 2.2 mg/dL, p < 0.001) and the highest bilirubin level (study group: 12.7 ± 3.6 mg/dL, control group: 10.4 ± 4.2 mg/dL, p < 0.001) were higher in infants with positive DAT. A total of 37 (46.8%) infants in the study group and 83 (11.2%) infants in the control group received phototherapy (PT) in the nursery (p < 0.001). In neonates with positive DAT, direct bilirubin level, duration of hospitalization, and PT in the nursery were higher (p = 0.002, <0.001, and <0.001, respectively), whereas hemoglobin level was lower (p < 0.001).
Conclusion In neonates with ABO incompatibility, a positive DAT is a risk factor for developing significant hyperbilirubinemia. Close follow-up of newborn infants with ABO incompatibility is crucial for early detection and treatment of neonatal jaundice to avoid early and late complications.
Key Points
Moyamoya Syndrome in an Infant with Aicardi–Goutières and Williams Syndromes: A Case Report
Authors: Brar Jagraj S. , Verma Rahul , Al-Omari Mohammed , Siu Victoria M. , Andrade Andrea V. , Jurkiewicz Michael T. , Lalgudi Ganesan Saptharishi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStroke in infancy is a rare phenomenon but can lead to significant long-term disability. We present the story of a 6-month-old Old Order Amish infant with underlying Williams syndrome, a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a microdeletion, encompassing the elastin gene that produces abnormalities in elastic fibers of the lungs and vessels. This infant presented with lethargy, irritability, and a new-onset generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was consistent with ischemic stroke in the supratentorial regions. MR angiogram demonstrated bilateral narrowing of the internal carotid arteries with “ivy sign,” suggestive of Moyamoya. Moyamoya disease/syndrome is a cerebrovascular condition that is associated with progressive stenosis of the intracranial vessels and can cause ischemic stroke in young children. Targeted mutation analysis revealed a homozygous c.1411–2A > G splice site variant in the SAMHD1 gene, consistent with a diagnosis of Aicardi–Goutières syndrome type 5 (AGS5), an autosomal recessive condition with multisystem involvement. In our unique case of infantile stroke with Moyamoya syndrome and dual diagnosis of Williams syndrome and AGS5, both diagnoses likely contributed to the cerebrovascular pathology. This case report highlights the importance of suspecting and testing for multiple genetic abnormalities in children presenting with Moyamoya-related stroke.
Black oat (
Authors: Vicensi Marcelo , Umburanas Renan C. , Rampim Leandro , Pott Cristiano A. , de Ávila Fabricio W. , Müller Marcelo M. L. 
Published: December 2021

Context The effect of long-term gypsum on nitrogen (N) responsiveness in black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.) forage lacks information. Aims and methods This study evaluated interactions between different rates of N (0, 50 and 100 kg N ha−1) and gypsum (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 Mg ha−1) on the yield, nutrition and bromatology of forage black oats in a long-term experiment using a no-till system (NTS) in a Ferralsol in southern Brazil. Key results There was an interaction between residual gypsum and N rate on biomass forage yield in 2015, but not for the 2016 growing season. In 2015, the rate of 100 kg N ha−1 increased yield by 10% in the absence of gypsum and by 30% at low-medium rates of residual-gypsum (3 and 6 Mg ha−1), but there was no response to high N rate under high gypsum rates (9 and 12 Mg ha−1). In 2016, a poor-growing season, a gypsum rate of 6 Mg ha−1 and N rate of 100 kg ha−1 independently improved forage yield by 5%. Gypsum application produced higher forage contents of N, P, K, Ca and S, and decreased Mg content. N-fertilisation increased the N, K, Ca, and Mg contents, but decreased P content and S concentration. Gypsum had no effect on forage bromatological quality, and even with equivalent forage yield between 50 and 100 kg N ha−1, only the high N rate improved some of the forage quality attributes in both years. Conclusions and implications Neither gypsum nor topdressing of N altered N use by black oat forage.
Convergence of undulatory swimming kinematics across a diversity of fishes
Authors: Di Santo Valentina , Goerig Elsa , Wainwright Dylan K. , Akanyeti Otar , Liao James C. , Castro-Santos Theodore , Lauder George V. 
Published: December 2021

Significance
Swimming ability has contributed to the evolutionary success of fishes, and its mechanics have been studied extensively. Most fishes swim primarily through undulation of their body and caudal fin (BCF) and have been historically divided into four major kinematic modes based on their morphology. Here, we compare kinematics of BCF locomotion in 44 species. Contrary to expectations and despite considerable morphological diversity, fishes share major kinematic features during steady swimming and are placed on a continuum rather than in discrete categories. This suggests a unifying BCF mechanism to generate efficient aquatic propulsion. Our work reevaluates a well-established hypothesis in biomechanics, highlighting the importance of avoiding a priori partitioning of fishes into modes, to further our understanding of aquatic locomotion.