bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of carbon nanotube amount in machining of ZA-27 matrix carbon nanotube reinforced nano composite
Authors: Pul Muharrem 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, the effect of carbon nanotube (CNT) on the machining of CNT-reinforced ZA-27 (zinc-aluminum alloy) nano composite was investigated. For this purpose, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 3.0% CNT-reinforced ZA-27 based composites were produced by powder metallurgy method. Firstly, microscope images of the composites were taken, and hardness and density measurements were made. Then machining tests were carried out. Machinability tests were carried out by turning method to determine the cutting forces and surface roughness values. The tests were carried out with cemented carbide cutting tools under dry cutting conditions. Cutting speeds of 75, 125, 175, 225 m/min, feed values of 0.05, 0.10, 0.20 mm/rev ​​and constant cutting depth of 1.0 mm were chosen as test parameters. The data obtained as a result of the tests were interpreted together with microstructure, porosity and hardness values. Hardness values ​​decreased and the pore amounts increased with the increase in the CNT-reinforcement ratio within the composite structure.Cutting forces and the surface roughness amounts increased with the increase in feed value. Cutting forces and surface roughness values decreased together with increase in cutting speed. CNT-reinforcement material in the composite structure caused a decrease in cutting forces. However, surface roughness values showed ​​an increase with the increase of CNT-reinforcement ratio. It has been determined that CNT-reinforcement material facilitates machining by lubricating effect in dry machining conditions. Built-up edge (BUE) was observed on all cutting tool bits used in machining tests. BUE amounts increased in itself with the increase in CNT ratios and feed rates.
Endoscopic versus surgical therapy for early esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma based on lymph node metastasis risk：a population-based analysis
Authors: Ye Hua , Chen Ping , Wang yi-fan , Cai Xiu-Jun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

In this study, we aimed to compare the prognosis and lymph node metastasis (LNM) risk in patients with early-stage esophagogastric junction (EGJ) adenocarcinoma after endoscopic treatment (ET) or radical surgery.
Methods

We collected data from eligible patients based on Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between 2004 and 2016. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent predictors of LNM (examination of at least 16 lymph nodes). Cox regression analysis and propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis were subsequently utilized to compare overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of patients treated with ET or radical surgery .
Results

In total, 5266 patients were identified. Among them, 856 patients had greater than or equal to 16 examined lymph nodes (LNs) (LNE ≥ 16). The LNM rates were 18.8% in: all patients 8.3% in T1a patients and 24.6% in T1b patients. Independent predictors of LNM were submucosal invasion, tumor size ≥ 3cm and decreasing differentiation (P < 0.05). The LNM rate decreased to approximately 5.3% in T1b tumors with well differentiation and tumor size < 3cm. However, the LNM incidence increased to 17.9% or 33.3% in T1a tumors with poor differentiation or with both tumor size ≥ 3cm and poor differentiation. Cox regression analysis demonstrated CSS was not significantly different in early-stage EGJ adenocarcinoma patients undergoing ET and those treated with radical surgery (HR = 0.830, P = 0.062), which were robustly validated after PSM analysis. Moreover, subgroup analysis stratified by T1a and T1b showed similar results.
Conclusions

Consequently, our findings indicated ET as an alternative to radical surgery in early EGJ adenocarcinoma.
Different doses of systemic LPS induce different degrees of polarization of microglia and astrocytes
Authors: Afang Zhu , Cui Huan , Su Wenliang , Liu Chaoqun , Shen Le , Yu Xuerong , Huang Yuguang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

Microglia and astrocytes are activated in different phenotypes to exert opposite effects. The recently reported intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg/kg lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to promote A1 astrocytes by activating M1 microglia was found to cause high mortality. Furthermore, reported doses of systemic LPS used to induce M1 microglia vary widely (0.1 ~ 5 mg/kg). We aimed to study microglia and astrocytes polarization induced by various LPS doses in the central nervous system, and assess whether downregulation of C3a receptor (C3aR) in astrocytes contributes to an increased A2/A1 ratio.
Methods

Rats were randomly divided into six LPS dosage groups (0, 0.1, 0.33, 1, 3, and 5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). Seventy-two genes for A1, A2, A-pan, M1, and M2 markers were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction 24 hours after LPS treatment in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and spinal cord. C3aR in astrocytes was knocked down by intrathecal injection of AAV-C3aR-GFAP 21 days before LPS administration. Co-immunofluorescence of C3aR with microglia, astrocytes, and neuron markers were performed to verify the specificity of C3aR knockdown in astrocytes. Changes in the 72 genes in the spinal cord were detected again 24 hours after LPS injection.
Results

Systemic LPS activated not only A1 and M1, but also A2, M2, and A-pan in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and spinal cord. The same LPS dose induced a similar activation level of M1 and M2, both of which were upregulated with increasing LPS. A1 and A-pan were polarized more than A2 at all LPS doses in the cortex and spinal cord. Microglia were more activated at 5 mg/kg than at 3 mg/kg LPS, but astrocytes presented no activation advantage at 5 mg/kg LPS. Marco, Ym1, and C3 showed a significant dose-dependent increase in LPS concentration. Specific knockdown of C3aR in astrocytes upregulated more markers of A2 than A1 and A-pan.
Conclusions

A larger systemic LPS dose contributes to greater polarization of M1 and M2 microglia, but no dominant phenotype. More A1 and A-pan astrocytes were activated than A2, even at low LPS doses. Downregulation of C3aR in astrocytes contributes to the polarization of anti-inflammatory phenotypes induced by LPS.
Eating Disorders and the Internet: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study Monitoring The Pro Ana Phenomenon in An Italian Sample.
Authors: Rossi Lucia , Tizzano Paola , Malaspina Elisabetta , Moscano Filomena , Gualandi Paola , Rossi Francesca , Francia Valentina , Atti Anna Rita , Parmeggiani Antonia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The Internet is a significant source of information for adolescents, affecting their life and health. The online Pro Anorexia (Pro Ana) phenomenon is a growing danger. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the presence of the Pro Ana phenomenon in an Italian sample of patients affected by Eating Disorders.Methods: This study is a descriptive cross-sectional analysis that examines two different samples of patients affected by eating disorders at different points in time, in 2017 and 2020. This study was conducted by using a seven-item anonymous questionnaire specifically developed by the authors to collect data on knowledge and visitation of websites and Social Networks Sites related to "pro-ana" and "thinspiration" content. Results: More than 80% of the respondents in both samples use the Internet daily. From 2017 to 2020 we observed a rise of the phenomenon among the adolescents of our sample. In 2020 76% of the patients knew of sites emphasizing a marked thinness as an ideal of beauty, 60% knew of Pro Ana sites and 22% visited them. Conclusions: Our data confirm that in Italy too, Pro Ana is a diffused phenomenon, of which clinicians need to be consistently aware especially when treating adolescents with ED. Patients with ED mainly visit diet and nutrition sites, and it is important to acknowledge this practice in order to prevent and address ED in early adolescence. Although few subjects claim to visit Pro Ana websites, the majority is aware of these sites and therefore they are potential users. Many patients assert that they are familiar with websites promoting excessive thinness as ideal beauty, which supports the bio-psycho-social etiopathogenetic model of Anorexia Nervosa. Information sharing and prevention work are important forms of interventions for families, teachers and clinicians, who together care for adolescent patients with ED.Level of evidence: Level IV (descriptive, cross-sectional study examining case series of patients with Eating Disorders)
The Role of Cytokine profile detection in Myelomatous pleural effusions
Authors: Xu Junhui , Gao Liang , Yan Miao , Wang Bingjie , Song Zhengyang , Liu Huihui , Sun Kunyan , Nong Lin , Wang Mangju , Cen Xinan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Myelomatous pleural effusion (MPE), as a presentation of extramedullary infiltration of multiple myeloma (MM), is rare and associated with poor outcomes without comparatively effective treatment now. The value of the cytokine detection in pleural effusions to MPE has not been reported at present. Case presentation: We herein report a case of refractory and relapsed multiple myeloma which developed bilateral MPE due to disease progression caused by intolerance to various chemotherapy regimens. The cytomorphology and flow cytometry is adopted in the diagnosis confirmation. The chemotherapy containing immunomodulators combined with thoracic catheterization drainage is applied to the patient, showing a certain therapeutic effect. During the course of disease, the changes of cytokine profile in pleural effusion were monitored by Biolegend CBA technology, revealing that the cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-10 related to the tumor load in pleural effusion decreased with the improvement of the disease, while IL-2, IL-4, IL-17A, TNF - α, INF - γ, granzyme A, Granzyme B, perforin and granulysin increased with the improvement of the disease. Conclusions: There is a prospect that the cytokines level in pleural effusion becomes an indication to evaluate treatment response of MPE, and in the light of our finding, immunomodulators, IL-2 and INF - γ may be utilized in treating patients suffering MPE.
Hearing Thresholds of Nigerian Navy Personnel Serving in Lagos Area
Authors: Aliyu Abubakar O , Adedeji Waheed A , Daniel Adekunle , Yusuf Tajudeen , Onakoya Paul A , Lasisi Taye J , Fasunla Ayotunde J , Lasisi Akeem Olawale 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Navy personnel are exposed to several risk factors that increase hearing thresholds and impair hearing. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of hearing impairment among Nigerian Navy personnel. Materials and Method: This was a cross sectional study of Nigerian Navy personnel working in various ships. Structured, self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on hearing. All the subjects had ear examination and pure tone audiometry of both ears. Results: The prevalence of hearing impairment was 22(14.7%) in the right and 17(11.3%) in the left ears. The Pure Tone Average for the right and left ear were 19.0±8.6dB and 17.4±6.7dB respectively. There was a statistically significant association between noisy work place and total hearing loss (p<.01), pure tone average in the left ear (p<.05) and frequencies of 3000 Hz (p<.05), 2000 Hz (p<.001) and 1000Hz (p<.05) in the left ear. The association between past history of ear infections and pure tone average in the left ear (p<.05) and the frequency 2000 Hz (p<.005) in the left ear were significant. The length of service years, occupational group, age, sex report of change in hearing, non-use of hearing protection and presence of tinnitus did not show significant association with pure tone averages nor on the frequencies tested. Conclusion: The significant unilateral hearing impairment on the right ear suggests the need for more research on hearing impairment in the Nigerian Navy as well as development of a comprehensive hearing conservation programme.
Estimating the Impact of Non-pharmaceutical Interventions Against COVID-19 on Mumps Incidence in Sichuan, China
Authors: Zhang Wenqiang , Luan Rongsheng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: A series of social and public health measures have been implemented to contain coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. We examined the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19 on mumps incidence as an agent to determine the potential reduction in other respiratory virus incidence.Methods: We modelled mumps incidence per month in Sichuan using a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model, based on the reported number of mumps cases per month from 2017-2020. Results: The epidemic peak of mumps in 2020 is lower than in the preceding years. Whenever compared with the projected cases or the average from corresponding periods in the preceding years (2017-2019), the reported cases in 2020 markedly declined (P<0.001). From January to December, the number of mumps cases was estimated to decrease by 36.3% (33.9% - 38.8%), 34.3% (31.1% - 37.8%), 68.9% (66.1% - 71.6%), 76.0% (73.9% - 77.9%), 67.0% (65.0% - 69.0%), 59.6% (57.6% - 61.6%), 61.1% (58.8% - 63.3%), 49.2% (46.4% - 52.1%), 24.4% (22.1% - 26.8%), 30.0% (27.5% - 32.6%), 42.1% (39.6% - 44.7%), 63.5% (61.2% - 65.8%), respectively. The total number of mumps cases in 2020 was estimated to decrease by 53.6% (52.9% - 54.3%).Conclusion: Our study shows that non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19 have had an effective impact on mumps incidence in Sichuan, China.
Predictors of Severe Leptospirosis: A Multicentre Observational Study From Central Malaysia
Authors: Philip Noraini , Than Leslie Thian Lung , S Anim Md , Yuhana Muhamad Yazli , Sekawi Zamberi , Neela Vasantha Kumari 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Leptospirosis is a re-emerging disease with vast clinical presentations ranges from subclinical or mild, to severe and fatal outcomes. Though leptospirosis can be managed well if diagnosed earlier, similar clinical presentations by several other febrile illnesses or co-infections often result in mis- or underdiagnosis, thereby lead to severe illness. Identification of clinical predictors for the severe form of the disease plays a crucial role in reducing disease complication and mortality. Therefore, we aimed to determine the clinical predictors associated with severe illness among leptospirosis patients from Central Malaysia through a prospective multicenter observational study. Methods: Data were collected from case records of 83 confirmed leptospirosis patients comprising of 33 severe and 50 mild. Statistical analysis was performed using χ2 and multivariable logistic regression test with Epi info software. Results: We identified mechanical ventilation, AKI, septic shock, creatinine level of >1.13mg/dL, ALT >50IU, AST >50IU, and platelet <150 x 109/L as factors associated with severe illness. AKI, ALT >50IU and platelet <150 x 109/L were defined as the independent factors for severity. Conclusions: Lungs, liver and kidney involvement, and septic shock were found as the prognostic factors for severe leptospirosis. AKI, high level of ALT and low level of platelets were found to be independent predictors of severity.
Transcriptome analysis unravels RNAi pathways genes and putative expansion of CYP450 gene family in cotton leafhopper Amrasca biguttula biguttula(Ishida)
Authors: Gupta Mridula , singh Satnam , Kaur Gurmeet , Pandher Suneet , Kaur Noorpreet , Goel Neha , Kaur Ramandeep , Rathore Pankaj 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Amrasca biguttula biguttula is an important pest of cotton and okra in the Indian subcontinent. Presently limited genomic/ transcriptomic information is available for this insect in any open source databases. To initiate molecular studies in this insect, we report first assembled and annotated de novo transcriptome of cotton leafhopper. Out of 75,551 transcripts, 39613 CDS (Coding Sequence) were predicted with 35282 showing positive blast hits with NCBI nr database . From the Gene ontology (GO) analysis, 7431 CDS were annotated. KEGG pathway analysis categorized CDS into 22 different functional categories. The majority of CDS were annotated in signal transduction and transport catabolism pathways. The sequence data was screened for RNAi pathway genes and presence of 37 transcripts associated with this process confirmed the existence of robust RNAi machinery in this insect. The role of core RNAi machinery genes ( Dicer-2 , Ago-2 , Piwi and Staufen ) has been validated through dsRNA feeding studies. The data resource has also been used to identify potential RNAi targets and genes associated with insecticide detoxification specifically CYP 450 family.
Synthesis of Porous Confined Ionic Liquid Phosphotungstate Based on MIL-101 and Its Solvent-Free Catalytic Oxidation of Cyclohexene to Adipic Acid
Authors: Wang Haiyan , Wang Lulu , Zeng Xiangrui , Wang Yujia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A series of porous confined ionic liquid phosphotungstate were synthesized by encapsulated of 1-(3-sulfopropyl)morpholine phosphotungstate ([C3SO3Hnhm]3 -PW12O40) into MIL-101. Then the aforementioned porous confined ionic liquid phosphotungstate as heterogeneous catalyst will be used together with H2O2 for the catalytic synthesis of adipic acid from cyclohexene. During the experiment, the effect of weight content of [C3SO3Hnhm]3PW12O40 on the catalytic performance was investigated in detail. And the chemical structure of the catalyst was also characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM-EDX and N2 adsorption and desorption isotherms. Experimental results revealed that the desired products has been successfully prepared, and the best catalytic performance (81.2% yield of the adipic acid) was obtained under the dose of [C3SO3Hnhm]3PW12O40 was 31wt%, which was almost close to the catalytic activity of original [C3SO3Hnhm]3PW12O40 (85.3% yield of the adipic acid), which was also proved the strategy of packaging ionic liquid phosphotungstate with MIL-101 in this research is feasible. Furthermore, recycled catalytic performance of the catalyst under repeat 6 times was evaluated and the result revealed that the yield in adipic acid was still higher than 80.0%, which also proved that the catalytically active substance was stable in the catalyst.
Decompression of the suprascapular nerve at the superior scapular notch under combined arthroscopic and ultrasound (US) guidance: US-arthroscopy
Authors: Prénaud Clément , LOUBEYRE Jeanne , SOUBEYRAND Marc 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Decompression of the suprascapular nerve (SSNe) at the superior scapular notch (SSNo) is usually performed with an arthroscopic procedure. This technique is well described but locating the nerve is complex because it is deeply buried and surrounded by soft tissue. We propose to combine ultrasound and arthroscopy (US-arthroscopy) to facilitate nerve localization, exposure and release. The main objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of this technique. Methods: This is an experimental, cadaveric study, carried out on 10 shoulders. The first step of our technique is to locate the SSNo using an ultrasound scanner. Then an arthroscope is introduced under ultrasound control to the SSNo. A second portal is then created to dissect the pedicle and perform the ligament release. Results: Ultrasound identification of the SSNo, endoscopic dissection and decompression of the nerve were achieved in 100% of cases. Ultrasound identification of the SSNo took an average of 3 min (+/-4) while dissection and endoscopic release time took an average of 8 min (+/-5). Conclusion: Ultrasound is an extremely powerful tool for non-invasive localization of nerves through soft tissues, but it is limited by the fact that tissue visualization is limited to the ultrasound slice plane, which is two-dimensional. On the other hand, arthroscopy (extra-articular) allows three-dimensional control of the surgical steps performed, but the locating of the nerve involves significant tissue detachment and a risk of damaging the nerve with the dissection. The combination of the two (US-arthroscopy) offers the possibility of combining the advantages of both techniques.
Dysplastic Hip Joint Configuration After Bernese Periacetabular Osteotomy
Authors: Kołodziejczyk Kamil , Czwojdziński Adam , Sionek Andrzej , Czubak Jarosław 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Residual hip dysplasia is one of the factors contributing to early hip joint osteoarthritis. The main problems caused by residual dysplasia are pain and instability of the hip joint caused by the lack of sufficient bony covering of the femoral head. The aim of this work was to radiologically assess the configuration change of a dysplastic hip joint after surgical treatment using the Bernese periacetabular osteotomy procedure.Methods: We assessed the radiological parameters of patients with hip dysplasia treated by Bernense periacetabular osteotomy by performing a digital antero-posterior pelvis X-ray: central edge angle and femoral head coverage, medialization, distalization and ilio-ischial angle parameters. For normally distributed parameters, we used Student’s t-test; for parameters without a normal distribution, we used the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Correlations were assessed according to a normal distribution using the Pearson and Spearman method.Results: For all parameters, we observed statistically significant differences in the measurements of dysplastic hip joints before and after the surgery. We also observed a statistically significant difference between the structure of dysplastic hip joints prior to the surgery and healthy hip joints from the control group based on all radiological parameters. The resulting medialization was 2.68 mm, distalization was 3.65 mm, and the ilio-ischial angle was changed by 2.62°. There was also an improvement in the femoral head bony covering: CEA by 17.61° and FHC by 16.46%.Conclusions: Based on all the radiological parameters, we presented the difference between healthy and dysplastic hip joints. Learning the parameter values that are used to describe dysplastic hip joints will allow us to improve the imaging of the condition and will also allow for better planning and proper qualification of patients for surgical treatment of hip joint dysplasia.Trial registration: Consent of the bioethics commission Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education 83/PB/2015 18.11.2015 Warsaw
Y Chromosome Genes May Play Roles in Directed Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells.
Authors: Khani Farzaneh , Dehkordi Simin Nafian , Mollamohammadi Sepideh , Nemati Shiva , Shokoohian Bahare , Alikhani Mehdi , Hassani Seyedeh Nafiseh , Baharvand Hossein , Soleimanpour-lichaei Hamid Reza , Salekdeh Ghasem Hosseini 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The human Y chromosome harbors genes that are mainly involved in the growth, development, sexual dimorphism, and spermatogenesis process. Despite many studies, the function of the male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY) awaits further clarification, and a cell-based approach can help in this regard. In this study, we have developed four stable transgenic male embryonic stem cell (ESCs) lines that can overexpress male-specific genes HSFY1, RBMY1A1, RPS4Y1, and SRY. As a proof of principle, we differentiated one of these cell lines (RPS4Y1 over-expressing ESCs) to the neural stem cell (rosette structure) and characterized them based on the expression level of lineage markers. RPS4Y1 expression in the Doxycycline-treated group was significantly higher than control groups in transcription and protein levels. Furthermore, we found Doxycycline-treated group had a higher differentiation efficiency than the untreated control groups. Our results suggest that the RPS4Y1 gene may play a critical role in neurogenesis. Also, the generated transgenic ESC lines can be widely employed in basic and preclinical studies, such as sexual dimorphism of neural and cardiac functions, the development of cancerous and non-cancerous disease models, and drug screening.