bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global repair bandwidth cost optimization of generalized regenerating codes in clustered distributed storage systems
Authors: Gu Shushi , Wang Fugang , Zhang Qinyu , Huang Tao , Xiang Wei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn clustered distributed storage systems (CDSSs), one of the main design goals is minimizing the transmission cost during the failed storage nodes repairing. Generalized regenerating codes (GRCs) are proposed to balance the intra‐cluster repair bandwidth and the inter‐cluster repair bandwidth for guaranteeing data availability. The trade‐off performance of GRCs illustrates that, it can reduce storage overhead and inter‐cluster repair bandwidths simultaneously. However, in practical big data storage scenarios, GRCs cannot give an effective solution to handle the heterogeneity of bandwidth costs among different clusters for node failures recovery. This paper proposes an asymmetric bandwidth allocation strategy (ABAS) of GRCs for the inter‐cluster repair in heterogeneous CDSSs. Furthermore, an upper bound of the achievable capacity of ABAS is derived based on the information flow graph (IFG), and the constraints of storage capacity and intra‐cluster repair bandwidth are also elaborated. Then, a metric termed global repair bandwidth cost (GRBC), which can be minimized regarding of the inter‐cluster repair bandwidths by solving a linear programming problem, is defined. The numerical results demonstrate that, maintaining the same data availability and storage overhead, the proposed ABAS of GRCs can effectively reduce the GRBC compared to the traditional symmetric bandwidth allocation schemes.
A full‐domain fluidic‐thermal approach for a high‐speed PMSM considering the bearing components
Authors: Zhu Gaojia , Li Longnv , Xue Ming , Liu Tao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a refined full‐domain model for the fluidic‐thermal coupled analyses of a 15‐kW 30,000‐rpm high‐speed permanent magnet synchronous machine (HS‐PMSM) considering the heat generation and dissipation of the bearing components. In order to analyse the heat dissipation capacities of the bearing components, firstly, the fluid flow conditions inside the bearings with different revolution and rotation ratios are researched, and the most serious case is taken in the full‐domain calculations. Secondly, the three‐dimensional (3D) full‐domain model is established, and the fluidic‐thermal analyses are conducted based on the basic principles of numerical heat transfer and CFD. During calculations, in order to obtain the temperature rise precisely, the angular contact ball bearings are well modelled with all the internal components including the oil films, and the frictional loss in the bearings are computed by the Palmgren model. A 15‐kW 30,000‐rpm HS‐PMSM prototype is established and tested to verify the full domain thermal modelling methodologies and indirectly validate the bearing performance calculations. Finally, a self‐ventilated structure is employed to prevent the bearing temperature rise, and the cooling effectiveness is validated by numerical calculations.
A combination of feature extraction methods and deep learning for brain tumour classification
Authors: Siar Masoumeh , Teshnehlab Mohammad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a method for categorizing tumour disease from magnetic resonance imaging images using a convolutional neural network. The proposed technique consists of three major phases, including feature extraction, feature selection, and combination. The authors considered the classification method using convolutional neural network without any pre‐processing on input images as the original method. The original method is then improved in some sequential phases when convolutional neural network uses features generated by feature extraction methods. Many popular feature extraction methods in generating the input features of the network are examined. After examining the results, a set of feature extraction schemes with appropriate performance are selected for the next phase. Also, the authors assigned weight factors to each of the selected methods, according to their accuracy. By assigning these weight factors to the methods, the network's accuracy increased to an acceptable level compared to the first and second observations. An accuracy above 99.76% was achieved, which is a 2% improvement using these feature extraction methods compared to the original method. The authors also added a third class named ‘I do not know’ to increase the tumour detection problem's reliability in the last phase. The authors have successfully introduced a convolutional neural network architecture with high accuracy and reliability.
A review of wave energy technology from a research and commercial perspective
Authors: Guo Bingyong , Ringwood John V. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough wave energy prototypes have been proposed for more than 100 years, they have still not reached full commercialisation. The reasons for this are varied, but include the diversity of device operating principles, the variety of onshore/nearshore/offshore deployment possibilities, the diversity of the wave climate at various potential wave energy sites, and the consequent lack of convergence in technology and consensus. This distributed effort has, in turn, lead to a slow rate of progression up the learning curve, with a significant number of wave energy company liquidations and technical setbacks dampening investor confidence. Although a number of reviews on wave energy technology are already in the published literature, such a dynamic environment merits an up‐to‐date analysis and this review examines the wave energy landscape from a technological, research and commercial perspective.
Evolution patterns of the peak energy in the GRB prompt emission
Authors: Gao Hao-Xuan , Geng Jin-Jun , Huang Yong-Feng 
Published: October 2021

Context. The peak energy (Ep) exhibited during the prompt emission phase of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) shows two different evolution patterns, namely hard-to-soft and intensity-tracking, of which the physical origin remains unknown. In addition to low-energy indices of GRB prompt spectra, the evolution patterns of Ep may be another crucial indicator with which to discriminate radiation mechanisms (e.g., synchrotron or photosphere) for GRBs.
Aims. We explore the parameter space to find conditions that could generate different evolution patterns in the peak energy in the framework of synchrotron radiation.
Methods. We have developed a code to calculate the synchrotron emission from a simplified shell numerically, considering: three cooling processes (synchrotron, synchrotron self-Compton (SSC), and adiabatic) of electrons, the effect of decaying magnetic field, the effect of the bulk acceleration of the emitting shell, and the effect of a variable source function that describes electrons accelerated in the emitting region.
Results. After exploring the parameter space of the GRB synchrotron scenario, we find that the intensity-tracking pattern of Ep could be achieved in two situations. One is that the cooling process of electrons is dominated by adiabatic cooling or SSC+adiabatic cooling at the same time. The other is that the emitting region is under acceleration in addition to the cooling process being dominated by SSC cooling. Otherwise, hard-to-soft patterns of Ep are normally expected. Moreover, a chromatic intensity-tracking pattern of Ep could be induced by the effect of a variable source function.
Diabetes und COVID-19
Authors: Friedrichsen Hans-Peter 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDer westliche Lebensstil mit hyperkalorischer, nährstoffarmer Ernährung und körperlicher Inaktivität begünstigt weltweit Übergewicht, Diabetes und Hypertonie. Mit Diabetes und Adipositas verbundenen ist ein erhöhtes Risiko für schweren COVID-19-Krankheitsverlauf und höhere Mortalität als Folge von gestörter Immunantwort, erhöhter Thromboseneigung, vermehrter Bildung von AGEs und RAGE-Aktivierung, von Entzündung und oxidativem Stress. Dies begünstigt eine überschießende und unkontrollierte Zytokinantwort, die verantwortlich ist für das Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome und Multiorganversagen. Eine Infektion löst Entzündung und Gewebeschädigung aus und führt zu erhöhter Stoffwechselaktivität, um geschädigtes Gewebe und Fremdmaterial zu entfernen. Bei Adipositas und Diabetes sind die Mechanismen zur Aufnahme von Fremdmaterial und Viren in die Zelle deutlich hochreguliert, sodass eine verstärkte Virusinfektion resultieren kann.
Rapid Multigram-Scale End-to-End Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Sulfonylurea Antidiabetes Drugs: Gliclazide, Chlorpropamide, and Tolbutamide
Authors: Watts Paul , Sagandira Cloudius R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA multigram-scale robust, efficient, and safe end-to-end continuous-flow process for the diabetes sulfonylurea drugs gliclazide, chlorpropamide, and tolbutamide is reported. The drugs were prepared by the treatment of an amine with a haloformate affording carbamate, which was subsequently treated with a sulfonamide to afford sulfonylurea. Gliclazide was obtained in 87% yield within 2.5 minutes total residence time with 26 g/h throughput; 0.2 kg of the drug was produced in 8 hours of running the system continuously. Chlorpropamide and tolbutamide were both obtained in 94% yield within 1 minute residence time with 184–188 g/h throughput; 1.4–1.5 kg of the drugs was produced in 8 hours of running the system continuously. N-Substituted carbamates were used as safe alternatives to the hazardous isocyanates in constructing the sulfonyl urea moiety.
Evaluation and Management of Delirium
Authors: Ryan Sophia L. , Kimchi Eyal Y. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDelirium, sometimes referred to as encephalopathy, is an acute confusional state that is both common in hospitalized patients and associated with poor outcomes. For patients, families, and caregivers, delirium can be a traumatic experience. While delirium is one of the most common diagnoses encountered by the consulting neurologist, the majority of the time it will have been previously unrecognized as such by the care team. Neurologic syndromes such as dementia or aphasia can either be misdiagnosed as delirium or may coexist with it, necessitating careful neurologic assessment. Once the diagnosis of delirium has been established, a careful evaluation for predisposing and precipitating factors can help uncover modifiable contributors, which should be addressed as part of a multicomponent, primarily nonpharmacologic intervention. Importantly, delirium management, which begins with comprehensive prevention, should emphasize the humanity of the delirious patient and the challenges of caring for this vulnerable population. When considered, delirium represents an important opportunity for the neurologist to substantially enhance patient care.
Evaluation and Management of Acute Myelopathy
Authors: Sechi Elia , Flanagan Eoin P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAcute myelopathies are spinal cord disorders characterized by a rapidly progressive course reaching nadir within hours to a few weeks that may result in severe disability. The multitude of underlying etiologies, complexities in confirming the diagnosis, and often unforgiving nature of spinal cord damage have always represented a challenge. Moreover, certain slowly progressive myelopathies may present acutely or show abrupt worsening in specific settings and thus further complicate the diagnostic workup. Awareness of the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of different myelopathies and the specific settings where they occur is fundamental for a correct diagnosis. Neuroimaging helps distinguish compressive etiologies that may require urgent surgery from intrinsic etiologies that generally require medical treatment. Differentiation between various myelopathies is essential to establish timely and appropriate treatment and avoid harm from unnecessary procedures. This article reviews the contemporary spectrum of acute myelopathy etiologies and provides guidance for diagnosis and management.
Anticoagulation in Acute Neurological Disease
Authors: Sasannejad Cina , Sheth Kevin N. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhile anticoagulation and its reversal have been of clinical relevance for decades, recent academic and technological advances have expanded the repertoire of its application in neurological disease. The advent of direct oral anticoagulants provides effective, mechanistically elegant, and relatively safer therapeutic options than warfarin for eligible patients at risk for neurological sequelae of prothrombotic states, particularly given the recent availability of corresponding reversal agents. In this review, we examine the provenance, indications, safety, and reversal tools for anticoagulant medications in the context of neurological disease, with specific attention to acute ischemic stroke, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, and intracerebral hemorrhage. We will use specific clinical scenarios to illustrate the complex factors that must be considered in the use of anticoagulation, including intracranial pathology such as intracerebral hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, or malignancy; metabolic complications such as chronic kidney disease; pregnancy; and advanced age.
Inpatient Diagnosis and Management of Neuromuscular Disorders
Authors: Doherty Leana , Chaudhry Vinay 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough many neuromuscular conditions are evaluated on an outpatient basis owing to their chronic or progressive nature, more urgent evaluation and management is often required for the inpatient presenting with acute to subacute focal or generalized numbness or weakness. This review focuses on clinical pattern recognition and basic anatomic localization principles to aid in the identification of common, as well as some less frequently encountered, neuromuscular disorders in hospitalized patients. The characteristic clinical and diagnostic features, associated complications, and recommended treatments of key neuromuscular conditions with acute and subacute manifestations are discussed. These conditions can be life-threatening in some cases, such as in Guillain–Barré syndrome, owing to associated oropharyngeal weakness, respiratory failure, or marked dysautonomia. Prompt recognition of the clinical and pathologic features is therefore necessary to reduce associated morbidity and mortality.
Approach to Neurologic Complications in the Immunocompromised Patient
Authors: Vishnevetsky Anastasia , Anand Pria 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNeurologic complications are common in immunocompromised patients, including those with advanced human immunodeficiency virus, transplant recipients, and patients on immunomodulatory medications. In addition to the standard differential diagnosis, specific pathogens and other conditions unique to the immunocompromised state should be considered in the evaluation of neurologic complaints in this patient population. A thorough understanding of these considerations is critical to the inpatient neurologist in contemporary practice, as increasing numbers of patients are exposed to immunomodulatory therapies. In this review, we provide a chief complaint-based approach to the clinical presentations and diagnosis of both infectious and noninfectious complications particular to immunocompromised patients.
Lobar Radioembolization for Intermediate and Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Retrospective and Prospective Data
Authors: Lakhoo Janesh , Perez Thomas H. , Borgmann Anthony J. , Brown Daniel B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHistorically, outcomes reporting for radioembolization with yttrium-90 (90Y) of hepatocellular carcinoma has included patients across the range of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stages. With the potential for curative radiation segmentectomy for BCLC 0/A patients and evolution of systemic therapy for BCLC C patients, focused review by group is of increasing interest. In this review, we report on efficacy of 90Y in patients with intermediate (BCLC B) and advanced (BCLC C) hepatocellular carcinoma as well as expected toxicities. Additionally, we review existing trials comparing 90Y to transarterial chemoembolization and systemic treatments in these patient groups and outline future studies.
Evaluation and Management of First-Time Seizure in Adults
Authors: Abdennadher Myriam , Saxena Aneeta , Pavlova Milena K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFirst seizures are often perceived as devastating events by patients and their families due to the fear of having a life-long disease. One in 10 people experiences one or more seizures during their lifetime, while 1 in 26 people develops epilepsy. Acute symptomatic seizures are often related to a provoking factor or an acute brain insult and typically do not recur. Careful history and clinical examination should guide clinicians' management plans. Electroencephalography and brain imaging, preferably with epilepsy-specific magnetic resonance imaging, may help characterize both etiology and risk of seizure recurrence. Antiepileptic drugs should be initiated in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy. In patients without an epilepsy diagnosis, the decision to prescribe drugs depends on individual risk factors for seizure recurrence and possible complications from seizures, which should be discussed with the patient. Counseling about driving and lifestyle modifications should be provided early, often at the first seizure encounter.
Quality of Life and Cost Considerations: Y-90 Radioembolization
Authors: Williams Stephen J. , Rilling William S. , White Sarah B. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) offers a minimally invasive and safe treatment option for primary and metastatic hepatic malignancies. The benefits of TARE are manifold including prolonged overall survival, low associated morbidities, and improved time to progression allowing prolonged treatment-free intervals. The rapid development of new systemic therapies including immunotherapy has radically changed the treatment landscape for primary and metastatic liver cancer. Given the current climate, it is critical for interventional oncologists to understand the benefits of TARE relative to these other therapies. Therefore, this report aims to review quality-of-life outcomes and the cost comparisons of TARE as compared with systemic therapies.
Radioembolization in the Setting of Systemic Therapies
Authors: Mabud Tarub S. , Hickey Ryan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
90Yttrium (Y90) radioembolization has been shown to improve outcomes for primary and metastatic liver cancers, but there is limited understanding of the optimal timing and safety of combining systemic therapies with Y90 treatment. Both therapeutic effects and toxicities could be synergistic depending on the timing and dosing of different coadministration paradigms. In particular, patients with liver-only or liver-dominant metastatic disease progression are often on systemic therapy when referred to interventional radiology for consideration of Y90 treatment. Interventional radiologists are frequently asked to offer insight into whether or not to hold systemic therapy, and for how long, prior to and following transarterial therapy. This study reviews the current evidence regarding the timing and safety of systemic therapy with Y90 treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma, metastatic colorectal carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, metastatic neuroendocrine tumors, and other hepatic metastases. A particular focus is placed on the timing, dosing, and toxicities of combined therapy.
Biliary-Caval Fistula following Y90 Radioembolization
Authors: Hall Alexander D. , White Sarah B. , Rilling William S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe safety of radioembolization with yttrium-90 (90Y) is well documented and major complications are rare. Previous studies have demonstrated that biliary complications following 90Y, including bile duct injury and hepatic abscess formation, occur at an increased rate in patients who have had prior biliary surgery and interventions. This article reviews a case of a patient who developed recurrent cholangitis and sepsis as well as a biliary-caval fistula following radioembolization. Additionally, we review current data regarding biliary complications following radioembolization in patients with prior biliary intervention.
Case of the Very Rare Gallbladder Paraganglioma
Authors: Shreya Shukla , Kashikar Ritu , Shraddha Sinhasan R. , Shrinivas Desai 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGallbladder paraganglioma is a very rare condition, and only a few cases have been reported in the literature. Herein, we present and discuss the clinical and radiological findings of a 72-year-old woman who complained of heaviness, pain, and on and off watery discharge from the left ear for 1 year and reduced hearing in both ears. She was thoroughly investigated radiologically where multiple paragangliomas were found with the discovery of the very rare gallbladder paraganglioma. There is a need to realize the importance of thorough radiological evaluation in cases of head and neck paraganglioma to look for more such lesions in the body for early identification of patients with familial paraganglioma syndromes. With this practice, gene mutation carriers can be identified early in the course of their disease and brought to surgical attention before their disease becomes extensive and potentially life-threatening.
An Unusual Cause of Cholestasis in an Infant: Biliary Atresia Type IIB
Authors: Sherwani Poonam , Bolia Rishi , Kaushik Ashish , Kumar Sumit , Kishore Sanjeev , Chauhan Udit 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBiliary atresia (BA) is a progressive destructive cholangiopathy of unknown etiology that presents in early infancy. It has a worldwide frequency of 1:8,000–1:15,000 and is common in Asia than in the west. Based on the level at which the lumen of the extrahepatic duct is obliterated, BA is classified into three types. Type III is the commonest (∼85%) type and has the most proximal level of obstruction in the porta hepatis, while type II in which the atresia is at the level of the common hepatic duct, is the least common (∼2.5%) and has been rarely reported. Here, we report the imaging features of an infant with type IIB biliary atresia.
Heart rate variability enhances the accuracy of non-invasive continuous blood pressure estimation under blood loss
Authors: Zhang Guang , Wang Zongge , Hou Feixiang , Wan Zongming , Chen Feng , Yu Ming , Wang Jinhai , Wang Huiquan 
Published: October 2021

To propose a new method for real-time monitoring of blood pressure of blood loss (BPBL), this article combines pulse transit time (PTT) and heart rate variability (HRV) as input parameters to build a model for BPBL estimation. In this article, effective parameters such as PTT, R–R interval (RRI), and HRV were extracted and used to establish the blood pressure (BP) estimation. Three BP estimation models were created: the PTT model, the RRI model, and the HRV model, and they were divided into an experimental group and a control group. Finally, the effects of the different estimation models on the accuracy of BPBL were evaluated using the experimental results. The result showed that both the RRI model and the HRV model have a good improvement effect on the prediction accuracy of BPBL, and the HRV model has the highest prediction accuracy than the PTT model and the RRI model. The correlation coefficients between the actual systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) and the estimated SBP and DBP of the HRV model were 0.9580 and 0.9749, respectively, and the root-mean-square error of the HRV model for both SBP and DBP were 7.59 and 6.56 mmHg, respectively. The results suggest that the accuracy of the BPBL estimated by the HRV models is better than that of the PTT model, which means that HRV seems to be more effective in improving the accuracy of BP estimation compared with RRI. These results in this article provide a new idea for other researchers in the field of BPBL estimation research.