bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A sociomaterial conceptualization of flows in industrial ecology
Authors: Baumann Henrikke , Lindkvist Mathias 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA major starting point in industrial ecology (IE) is that reaching ecological sustainability requires understanding relations between human actions and material (tangible) flows. IE studies have enabled assessments of different technical and sociotechnical configurations but only to a limited degree provided concepts that support the design of interventions for industrial ecologies. We contribute by proposing asociomaterial flow approach, here applied to life cycle thinking. After problematizing some common concepts in IE, the key concepts, a procedure, and some applied variants of the proposed sociomaterial approach are presented. The approach is theoretically grounded in related sociomaterial research. This body of theories underpins our conceptualization of how flows in, for example, a product life cycle can be related to nets of human actions within one rather than several analytical frames. The sociomaterial interaction point (SMIP) is a key concept in our approach for the sociomaterial connection between material flows and actor networks. A SMIP can be described as the interactions where humans come closest to the flows. The conceptualization of the methodology provides a framework for exploring actor and action networks shaping material flows and a basis for a relational analysis of governance, organization, and management of the flows in industrial ecologies. A sociomaterial approach to flow studies can therefore help in designing more concrete sustainability interventions in industrial ecologies.
Association of BDNF levels with IQ: comparison of S100B and BDNF levels in typically developing children and subjects with neurologically normal nonsyndromic intellectual disability
Authors: Esnafoglu E. , Adıgüzel Ö. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundBrain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and S100B are reported to play an important role in neurodevelopment and may contribute to developmental pathogenesis in neuropsychiatric diseases. In this study, we aimed to examine the possible roles of BDNF and S100B in the pathogenesis of nonsyndromic intellectual disability (NS‐ID) and their relationship with cognitive performance.MethodsThirty‐three patients with intellectual disability (ID) and 30 typically developing children were compared. BDNF and S100B serum levels were measured with ELISA. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children‐Revised Short form (WISC‐R) and Leiter intelligence test were administered to determine the intelligence levels of subjects. Leiter intelligence test was applied to 10 participants (30.31%) in the ID group because they had speech and communication problems. All other participants underwent WISC‐R.ResultsBrain‐derived neurotrophic factor levels were found to be significantly low in the patient group (mean ± SD, 67.43 ± 29.74 pg/mL) compared with the control group (94.67 ± 32.55 pg/mL) (P = 0.002). When S100B is assessed, there was no significant difference found between the patient group (335.05 ± 279.89 pg/mL) and control group (295.30 ± 146.55 pg/mL) (P = 0.901). There was a significant positive correlation between BDNF and performance IQ (r = 0.424 and P = 0.001) in all participants. In addition, positive correlations were found between BDNF levels and initiating speech time (r = −0.369 and P = 0.003).ConclusionsBrain‐derived neurotrophic factor deficiency is proposed to have a possible role in the pathology of NS‐ID. High BDNF levels may be associated with better cognitive performance.
Executive functions and adaptive behaviour in individuals with Down syndrome
Authors: Onnivello S. , Colaianni S. , Pulina F. , Locatelli C. , Marcolin C. , Ramacieri G. , Antonaros F. , Vione B. , Piovesan A. , Lanfranchi S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research has explored executive functions (EFs) and adaptive behaviour in children and adolescents with Down syndrome (DS), but there is a paucity of research on the relationship between the two in this population. This study aims to shed light on the profile of EFs and adaptive behaviour in DS, exploring the differences by age and investigating the relationship between these two domains.MethodParents/caregivers of 100 individuals with DS from 3 to 16 years old participated in the study. The sample was divided into preschoolers (3–6.11 years old) and school‐age children (7–16 years old). Parents/caregivers completed either the Preschool Version of the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function (for children 2–6.11 years old) or the Second Edition of the same Inventory (for individuals 7 + years old). Adaptive behaviour was assessed with the Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scale – Interview, Second Edition.ResultsFindings suggest that individuals with DS have overall difficulties, but also patterns of strength and weakness in their EFs and adaptive behaviour. The preschool‐age and school‐age children's EF profiles differed slightly. While both age groups showed Emotional Control as a relative strength and Working Memory as a weakness, the school‐age group revealed further weaknesses in Shift and Plan/Organise. As concerns adaptive behaviour, the profiles were similar in the two age groups, with Socialisation as a strength, and Communication and Daily Living Skills as weaknesses, but with a tendency for preschoolers to obtain intermediate scores for the latter. When the relationship between EFs and adaptive behaviour was explored, Working Memory predicted Communication in the younger group, while in the older group the predictors varied, depending on the adaptive domains: Working Memory was a predictor of Communication, Inhibit of Daily Living Skills, and Inhibit and Shift of Socialisation.ConclusionAs well as elucidating the EF profiles and adaptive behaviour in individuals with DS by age, this study points to the role of EFs in adaptive functioning, providing important information for targeted interventions.
Overweight/obesity and chronic health conditions in older people with intellectual disability in Ireland
Authors: Ryan J. , McCallion P. , McCarron M. , Luus R. , Burke E. A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study examines overweight/obesity and chronic health conditions (CHCs) in older people with intellectual disability (ID).MethodsData for this cross‐sectional observational study emanated from Wave 2 of the Intellectual Disability Supplement to the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, a longitudinal study assessing the health and well‐being of older Irish adults with ID aged ≥40 years across all levels of ID. Participation involves an interview process and collation of objective health measures. In this study, body mass index (BMI) (n = 572), used as a measure of weight status, was examined with clustered doctor's diagnosed CHCs. Descriptive analysis was conducted where counts (n) and proportions (%) were used to summarise the variables univariately, while cross‐tabulations were used for bivariate summary into counts and proportions. With overweight/obesity prevalence established and patterns described using logistical regression, Pearson's chi‐squared test was used to test for significant associations.ResultsOverweight/obesity identified in 69% of participants occurred with greater frequency in women (72%). A higher percentage of participants aged <50 years (72.5%) were overweight/obese than those aged 50–64 (70%) and 65+ (61.4%). Level of ID and residence type were significantly associated with weight status (P < 0.001), with overweight/obesity more prevalent in mild (85.7%) than moderate (72%) or severe/profound ID (51.4%). Of those who lived independently/with family, 78.4% were overweight/obese, as were 74% living in a community group home (P < 0.001). Almost all overweight/obese participants' waist measurements were in the substantially increased risk of metabolic disease waist measurement category (92%, P < 0.001). Logistical regression used to model CHCs on BMI showed significant association between BMI and gastrointestinal tract [odds ratio (OR) = 0.57, P < 0.008, 95% confidence interval (CI) = (0.37; 0.86)], respiratory condition [OR = 8.95, P < 0.004, 95% CI = (2.57; 56.72)] and musculoskeletal disorders [OR = 0.40, P < 0.001, 95% CI = (0.25; 0.63)].ConclusionsThe findings illustrate the strong cross‐sectional association between overweight/obesity and CHCs. These findings suggest a need to prioritise weight status as a health risk to people with ID as they age.
Nef‐specific CD107a+ CD4+ T‐cell responses in a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) showing partial simian immunodeficiency virus control following passive neutralizing antibody infusion
Authors: Hau Trang Thi Thu , Kanno Yoshiaki , Nishizawa Masako , Nomura Takushi , Matano Tetsuro , Yamamoto Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAcute‐phase neutralizing antibody (NAb) passive immunization in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)‐infected rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) can confer stringent viremia control with T‐cell augmentation. In one NAb‐infused SIV partial controller, we identify chronic‐phase Nef‐specific CD107a+ CD4+ T‐cell response maintenance, implicating that NAb infusion modulates long‐term T‐cell responses even within viremic control.
Effects of Vitality Acupunch exercise on functional fitness and activities of daily living among probable sarcopenic older adults in residential facilities
Authors: Tung Hsiao‐Ting , Chen Kuei‐Min , Huang Kuo‐Chin , Hsu Hui‐Fen , Chou Chia‐Pei , Kuo Chuan‐Feng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeTo test the effects of a Vitality Acupunch exercise program on the functional fitness and the ability to perform the activities of daily living (ADL) among older adults with probable sarcopenia in residential facilities.DesignThis was a cluster‐randomized controlled trial. A total of 12 long‐term care facilities randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups with 1:1 allocation ratio. Among them, 114 older adults with probable sarcopenia participated at baseline and were allocated to either the intervention or control group according to the facility where they resided in. Of these, 103 older adults completed the study.MethodsThe intervention group (n = 52) underwent the Vitality Acupunch exercise program three times a week, each lasting 40 min, for 6 months while the control group (n = 51) performed its routine daily activities.FindingsThe functional fitness and ADL of the intervention group significantly improved at each time point (all p < 0.001), while the control group showed a significant decreasing trend. Except the lower limb muscular endurance, the functional fitness and ADL of the intervention group significantly improved compared to the control group at T1, and the improvements were still significant at T2.ConclusionsFunctional fitness and the ability to perform ADL in older adults with probable sarcopenia were significantly improved after receiving the Vitality Acupunch exercises.Clinical relevanceAn exercise that integrates the meridian theory and exercise concepts effectively improves functional fitness in probable sarcopenic older adults.Clinical trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov (NCT04504786). The trial was first posted on August 7, 2020. This part of the data was collected from August 2020 to March 2021.
Acute gastrointestinal injury in critically ill children: Impact on clinical outcome
Authors: Dhochak Nitin , Singh Alka , Malik Rohan , Jat Kana R , Sankar Jhuma , Makharia Govind , Kabra Sushil K , Lodha Rakesh 
Published: November 2021

AimTo estimate acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) in critically ill children and association of its severity with mortality.MethodsIn a prospective cohort study, critically ill children (1 month–18 years) were enrolled. Gastrointestinal symptoms over the first week of admission were classified into AGI grades 1 through 4, using a paediatric adaptation of European Society of Intensive Care Medicine AGI definitions. Performance of AGI grades in predicting 28‐day mortality was evaluated.ResultsOf 151 children enrolled, 71 (47%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 38.9–55.3%) developed AGI, with AGI grades 1, 2, 3 and 4 in 22.5%, 15.9%, 6.6% and 2%, respectively. The 28‐day mortality progressively increased with AGI grade 0 (15%), 1 (35%), 2 (50%), 3 (70%), through 4 (100%), P < 0.001. Association of AGI grades with 28‐day mortality was significant even after adjustment for disease severity, age and nutritional status (odds ratio (OR) = 2.152, 95% CI: 1.455, 3.184). Among AGI grades, and paediatric logistic organ dysfunction‐2 score components, cardiovascular (OR = 1.525, 95% CI: 1.142, 2.037) and haematological (OR = 1.719, 95% CI: 1.067, 2.772) components of paediatric logistic organ dysfunction‐2 score and AGI grades (OR = 1.565, 95% CI: 1.001, 2.449) showed significant association with 28‐day mortality.ConclusionsNearly half of the critically ill children developed AGI. AGI grades were independently associated with increased mortality, and mortality progressively increased with AGI grade.
Rural differences in psychiatric medication prescribing in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Lund Brian C. , Bernardy Nancy C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeDisparities in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) for rural veterans have been noted in prior research. The objective was to examine rural differences in prescribing for veterans with PTSD, and changes over time, in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system.MethodsPrescribing prevalence in veterans with PTSD during 2009 and 2019 was determined using national VA administrative pharmacy data according to the joint VA‐Department of Defense clinical practice guideline as medications recommended for use in PTSD and those recommended against use. Multivariable logistic regression was used to contrast patient residence (urban vs rural) and site of PTSD care (medical center, urban clinic, or rural clinic), while adjusting for clinical covariates.FindingsRecommended medications were prescribed significantly less often to patients of rural clinics, relative to medical centers in 2009 (OR = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.89‐0.94) but reached equivalence in 2019 (OR = 1.01; 95% CI: 0.99‐1.03). In addition, rural clinics had significantly lower prescribing of recommended against medications (OR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.84‐0.87) in 2019. Prescribing of medications recommended against the use for PTSD was higher among rural residents, relative to urban residents in 2009 (OR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.12‐1.16), which declined toward equivalence by 2019 (OR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.05‐1.07).ConclusionsWhile some clinically meaningful differences in prescribing for rural veterans with PTSD were observed in 2009, these differences shifted toward equivalency within the following decade. In 2019, we failed to observe any systematic prescribing deficiencies for veterans receiving PTSD care at rural clinics.
A multicentre, randomised, parallel‐group, double‐blind, vehicle‐controlled and open‐label, active‐controlled study (versus amorolfine 5%), to evaluate the efficacy and safety of terbinafine 10% nail lacquer in the treatment of onychomycosis
Authors: Blume‐Peytavi Ulrike , Tosti Antonella , Falqués Meritxell , Tamarit Maria Luisa , Carreño Cristina , Galván Jordi , Tebbs Veronica 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundOnychomycosis is a difficult‐to‐treat fungal nail infection whose treatment can involve systemic or topical antifungal approaches.ObjectivesTo assess the efficacy and safety of terbinafine 10% nail lacquer in distal‐lateral subungual onychomycosis (DLSO).Patients/MethodsPatients with mild‐to‐moderate DLSO were randomised (3:3:1) to receive double‐blind topical terbinafine 10% (n = 406) or its vehicle (n = 410) administered once daily for 4 weeks and then once weekly for 44 weeks, or open‐label topical amorolfine 5% (n = 137) for 48 weeks, with a 12‐week follow‐up period. The primary efficacy endpoint, complete cure rate at Week 60, was a composite of negative potassium hydroxide (KOH) microscopy, negative culture for dermatophytes and no residual clinical involvement of the target big toenail.ResultsComplete cure rates at Week 60 in the terbinafine, vehicle and amorolfine groups were 5.67%, 2.20% and 2.92%, respectively (odds ratio (OR) vs vehicle = 2.68; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.22–5.86; p = .0138). Statistically significant differences in responder (negative KOH and negative culture and ≤10% residual clinical involvement) and mycological cure rates (negative KOH and negative culture) at Week 60 were obtained between terbinafine and vehicle. Terbinafine was well‐tolerated with no systemic adverse reactions identified; the most common topical adverse reactions were erythema and skin irritation.ConclusionsTerbinafine 10% nail lacquer was an effective treatment for mild‐to‐moderate onychomycosis improving both clinical and mycological criteria compared with vehicle. Furthermore, there may be some benefits compared to the currently available topical agent, amorolfine 5%. Treatment was well‐tolerated and safe.
Bile Acid Diarrhea in Adults and Adolescents
Authors: Camilleri Michael , Nurko Samuel 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundBile acids are central to enterohepatic signaling pathways activated through natural receptors, farnesoid X receptor [FXR mediates synthesis of fibroblast growth factor‐19 (FGF‐19)], and G protein‐coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1, also known as TGR5). Although bile acid diarrhea (BAD) is more commonly encountered in ileal resection or disease, there is evidence documenting “idiopathic” BAD in about 20% of adolescents and 30% of adults presenting with chronic, non‐bloody diarrhea often attributed to irritable bowel syndrome. Mechanism(s) leading to increased hepatic synthesis and colonic bile acid levels in “idiopathic” BAD include reduced synthesis of FGF‐19 by the ileal mucosa, or genetic variation in hepatocyte proteins klotho β and FGF receptor 4 (FGFR4) that mediate negative feedback of bile acid synthesis. Purpose: The objective of this review is to summarize the diagnosis of BAD in adults and adolescents. In addition to 75SeHCAT retention for diagnosis of BAD, studies have validated fasting serum 7αC4 and FGF‐19, respectively, by‐product and inhibitor of hepatic bile acid synthesis, as well as fecal bile acid measurements. These assays are widely available through reference laboratories, and they are being simplified (eg, measurement of primary fecal bile acids in a random stool sample). BAD has also been identified as a co‐factor contributing to persistent diarrhea in other diseases in remission including inflammatory bowel disease, microscopic colitis, celiac disease, and neuroendocrine tumors. In summary, advances in diagnosis of BAD provide opportunities for generalists and pediatric and adult gastroenterologists to provide targeted treatment for BAD presenting as chronic non‐bloody diarrhea.
Comparative evaluation of landmark technique and ultrasound‐guided caudal epidural injection in pediatric population: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jain Dhruv , Hussain Sana Yasmin , Ayub Arshad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundCaudal block is a common regional anesthesia technique in pediatrics with landmark method predominantly being practiced. Ultrasound‐guided technique provides real‐time visualization of the structures and injection while performing caudal block. We performed this meta‐analysis to determine the utility of ultrasound in caudal blocks in children over the landmark‐based technique.MethodsRandomized controlled trials comparing ultrasound‐guided caudal blocks and landmark technique in pediatrics were searched from databases—PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and CENTRAL from inception until August 2020. The primary objective was success rate between the two techniques and secondary objectives included time to perform the block, first puncture success, and complications.ResultsFive trials with 904 participants were included for this meta‐analysis. There was no difference in success rate between the two techniques (Risk ratio–1.07; 95% CI [0.97, 1.18]; p = .15). Time to perform the block was similar (Mean difference–8.88 s; 95% CI [−21.64, 39.40; p = .57) while first puncture success was higher with ultrasound‐guided technique (Risk ratio–1.31; 95% CI [1.15, 1.49]; p = .0001). Complications like vascular puncture and needle misplacement were lower in the ultrasound group, and no serious complications were seen in any patient. Needle visualization and sacral canal distension were seen in 82% and 97.5% of the cases, respectively, in ultrasound group.ConclusionUltrasound‐guided caudal injection does not improve the success rate or time to perform the block but results in higher first puncture success and lower incidence of complications compared to landmark technique.
Conceiving Parents, Consolidating the State: Emphasis and Erasure in the Governance of Marginal Parenthoods in Brazil
Authors: Fonseca Claudia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article examines the combination of moral regimes and bureaucratic materialities in the adoption procedures through which the Brazilian government attempts to bring adoptive parenthood under state surveillance. I argue that, faced with ambiguous laws that do not consistently outlaw informal practices, Brazil's juvenile courts rely on technological means to shore up their claim to exclusive authority over humanitarian child placements. Lists, statistics, and graphs take on central meaning in a realm that conveys the impression of transparency, technical expertise, and scientific ethics. Insistence on using these artifacts not only transmutes political options into moral certainties but also—by highlighting certain behaviors while imposing silence on others—creates zones of legal ambiguity. This allows the state's authority to remain apparently intact despite the widespread existence of practices outside the norms of orthodox courthouse procedures.
“Countering Documents with Documents”: The Politics of Independent Environmental Auditing in Mexico
Authors: Richard Analiese M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEnvironmental impact statements are designed to enable rational calculation of the ecological risks of proposed development projects and to serve as a basis for institutional decision making. In Mexico, a neo‐extractivist “boom” has led to massive ecosystem loss and environmental activists are increasingly under threat of violence. Now these same activists and the residents affected by development projects have targeted these bureaucratic instruments as key points of legal intervention and political mobilization. This article analyzes how volunteer scientists conduct independent audits of environmental impact statements and how their work provides the grounds for critiquing the state's performance of public reason. Independent audit constitutes an innovative form of administrative politics that seeks simultaneously to hold bureaucrats accountable and open the decision‐making process to the participation of excluded actors. [expertise, governance, environmental movements, science, Mexico]