bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change and Forest disturbances in Europe: an economic analysis of the losses
Authors: Sempere Jaume , Da-Rocha Jose Maria , García-Cutrín Javier , Chas-Amil María-Luisa , Sánchez-Llamas Eduardo , Gutiérrez María-José 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Climate warming is expected to increase the frequency and magnitude of extreme events in the mid to long term (Lindner et al., 2010; Bolte et al., 200); Morin et al., 2018; Dale et al. (2000), Seidl et al., 2011)). Here, we combine a (dynamic general equilibrium) model of forest management with inter-country input-output tables (Remond-Tiedrez et al., 2019)) to estimate the economic effect on the EU-28 and USA economies of changes in the output of the forestry and logging sectors due to extreme forest disturbance events. Given our model results, we estimate that the impact on the EU-28 economy will be equivalent to the value of wood damaged multiplied 3.32 fold [3.00-3.44]. We find that the economic cost of a global pan-European extreme event (a pulse of 450 M m3) could be 120.4 billion Euros in the EU-28 and and 1.7 billion in the USA (i.e. 0.926 and 0.015% of their respective GDPs). Finally, we explore how to design incentives to increase the economic resilience of the response of forestry and logging companies to expected future climate change. Using a heterogeneous companies model, we show that payments to landowners to conserve forest increase economic resilience.
High Throughput Viscoelastic Particle Focusing and Separation in Spiral Microchannels
Authors: Kumar Tharagan , Ramachandraiah Harisha , Iyengar Sharath Narayana , Banerjee Indradumna , Mårtensson Gustaf , Russom Aman 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Passive particle manipulation using inertial and elasto-inertial microfluidics have received substantial interest in recent years and have found various applications in high throughput particle sorting and separation. For separation applications, elasto-inertial microfluidics has thus far been applied at substantial lower flow rates as compared to inertial microfluidics. In this work, we explore viscoelastic particle focusing and separation in spiral channels at two orders of magnitude higher Reynolds numbers than previously reported. We show that the balance between dominant inertial lift force, dean drag force and elastic force enables stable 3D particle focusing at dynamically high Reynolds numbers. Using a two-turn spiral, we show that particles, initially pinched towards the inner wall using an elasticity enhancer, PEO (polyethylene oxide), as sheath migrate towards the outer wall strictly based on size and can be effectively separated with high precision. As a proof of principle for high resolution particle separation, 15 µm particles were effectively separated from 10 µm particles. A separation efficiency of 98% for the 10 µm and 97% for the 15µm particles was achieved. Furthermore, we demonstrate sheath-less, high throughput, separation using a novel integrated two-spiral device and achieved a separation efficiency of 89% for the 10 µm and 99% for the 15µm particles at a sample flow rate of 1 mL/ml – a throughput previously only reported for inertial microfluidics. We anticipate the ability to precisely control particles in 3D at extremely high flow rates will open up several applications, including the development of ultra-high throughput microflow cytometers and high-resolution separation of rare cells for point of care diagnostics.
Factors Influencing Primary Care Physicians’ Prescribing Behavior of Anticoagulant Therapy for the Management of Patients With Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation in the Community: a Qualitative Research Study
Authors: Chaterji Shera , Lian Lay Geok , Lee Ting Yee , Chua Liwei , Wee Sabrina , Yap Sui Ling , K Dhana Letchimy , Tan Ngiap Chuan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Oral anticoagulant therapy use in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) remains suboptimal despite the availability of both warfarin and non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs). Primary care physicians’ (PCP) decision-making to initiate and select appropriate anticoagulant medication is pivotal in reducing complications among patients with AF.Aim: This study explored the factors influencing PCPs’ decision-making in anticoagulant initiation and adjustment for patients with non-valvular AF. Design of study: Qualitative research based on the theoretical framework of the Generalist Wheel of Knowledge, Understanding and Inquiry. Method: In-depth interviews or focus group discussions were conducted with 27 PCPs in general practice in urban Singapore. The audio-recordings were transcribed, audited and coded to identify themes, which are framed according to the “clinician”, “patient”, “medical condition and treatment” and “healthcare system and policy” domains.Results: Personal training and experience with anticoagulant therapy; understanding patient risk-stratification; AF detection during clinical practice; medication cost; clinical support services for anticoagulation monitoring and constraints in existing care model influenced PCPs in their anticoagulant prescription. PCPs preferred to seek guidance from cardiologists in managing patients with newly diagnosed AF and attempted to engage their patients in decision-making regarding anticoagulant therapy. They perceived sub-specialized primary care clinics focusing on AF co-management with cardiologists as an ideal setting for initiation and maintenance of anticoagulant therapy.Conclusion: PCPs’ decisions on anticoagulant therapy is influenced by personal attributes, patients, clinical presentations, anticoagulant properties and healthcare system. Their proposed care model to address the barriers awaits feasibility and acceptance assessment in future research.
Analysis of a Change in the Structure of Japanese Power Supply Using the using the GTAP-E-Power Model
Authors: Higashi Akiko , Itakura Ken , Inoue Yushi , Otake Hiroaki 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study analyzes the effect of a change in the structure of Japanese power supply, which disaggregates the power sector based on the GTAP-E model framework. We also discuss the update of the GTAP-E-Power model database from GTAP 9.0 to GTAP 10.0. The study further analyzes the impact of a change in the power structure on Japan’s macro-economy, the power sector, and industry by comparing the results of four scenarios. In our simulations, which are divided into two periods, shocks are introduced to the growth rate in real GDP, the labor force, the population, and Japanese zero-emission power supply. First, simulations from 2014 to 2018 are performed to update the GTAP-E-Power database. Next, simulations from 2019 to 2030 are performed for policy scenarios with different growth rates of zero-emission power supply in Japan.The simulation results show that with the same growth rate of zero-emission power supply as the Sustainable Development Scenario of the World Energy Outlook 2019, the share of zero-emission power supply in Japan in 2030 will be close to the government’s target. The simulation results show that an increase in zero-emission power supply would have a positive effect on the Japanese economy.
The Impact of Trade Openness and Export Expansion Grants in Nigerian Economy (1986-2019): New Evidence from Quantile Regression.
Authors: Cavusoglu Behiye , Usman Mohammed A. M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Trade openness and export promotion policies such as export expansion grants are the furthermost competent yardstick for measuring growth and development, approved by various countries since 1970s. Looking at the Nigeria economy whose depends almost largely on external trade is inclusive. Therefore, this analysis explores the effects of trade openness and export expansion grants on Nigerian economy using annual data from 1986-2019. This analysis makes use of coefficient covariance metrics, stability leverage plots and pairwise granger causality and quantile regression to portray the impact of trade openness and export expansion grants on Nigerian economic growth. The outcomes confirm that, there was a positive relationship between trade openness (TOPN) and economic growth (GDPR) in the first and last quantiles (seventh) quantile while the remaining quantiles has negative effect on GDP growth rate of Nigeria and were statistically insignificant during the study era. While the coefficients of export expansion grants (EEXG) have positive effect on GDP growth rate of Nigeria in all quantiles but statistically significant only in sixth as well seventh quantile. Also, the result of pairwise granger causality showed strong bi-directional causality between trade openness and GDPR at 5% level of significance as well as uni-directional causality running from GDPR to export expansion grants. Therefore, it recommended that, Nigerian government should adjust the structure of its trade through concentrating on high value-added products instead of exporting semi-finished goods as well by given more support to domestic industries (such as subsidies, tax holiday, more export expansion grants) to compete internationally. Also, government should maintain stable exchange rate as well policies through effective monetary policies that would reduce inflation rate in the economy in order to attain Nigeria's Economic Recovery and Growth Plan which is in line with SDGs goal of 2023 in Nigeria.
The Association of Dietary Acid Load with Resting Metabolic Rate and Metabolic Components in Overweight and Obese Women: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Mirzababaei Atieh , Shiraseb Farideh , Setayesh Leila , Tavakoli Atefeh , Clark Cain C. T. Clark , Mirzaei Khadijeh 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Several epidemiologic studies have reported that dietary acid load is associated with metabolic profiles; however, to our knowledge, the relationship of this dietary pattern with resting metabolic rate (RMR) among obese and overweight females remains unreported. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association of dietary acid load RMR and metabolic components among overweight and obese adult women.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 375 Iranian adults, aged 18–48 years. Dietary acid load indexes were calculated by using a validated 147-item semi-quantitative FFQ. Biochemical and anthropometric measures were assessed using standard methods. An impedance fat analyzer was used to obtain the body composition and an indirect calorimeter was used to assess the RMR. Result: It was observed that after correction for potential confounders, DBP and NEAP and PRAL scores were inversely associated (P<0.05). NEAP index was inversely associated with RMR (β= -0.25, 95% CI=-0.1.5 to 2.08, P=0.02), and positively associated with WC (β= 1.009, 95% CI=-1.43 to 3.45, P=0.05) and WHR (β= 0.01, 95% CI= -0.01 to0.04, P=0.03), such that subjects with higher scores in NEAP had lower RMR and higher WC and WHR. We also observed that DAL (β= -0.02, 95% CI= -0.08 to0.03, P=0.08) and PRAL (β= -0.037, 95% CI= -1.05 to 0.03 P=0.07) were marginally associated with RMR.Conclusion:The results of the present study suggested that higher dietary acid load scores may be negatively associated with lower RMR, while directly associated with greater WC, WHR, DBP, and HOMA-IR.
The use of Ventilator Parameters in the Prediction of Development and Outcome of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Postoperative Patients
Authors: Kor Chew-Ten , Lin Kai-Huang , Wang Chen-Hsu , Lin Jui-Feng , Kuo Cheng-Deng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: To investigate the usefulness of ventilator parameters in the prediction of development and outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in postoperative patients with esophageal or lung cancer on admission to the surgical intensive care unit (SICU). Methods: A total of 32 post-operative patients with lung or esophageal cancer from SICU in a tertiary medical center were retrospectively analyzed. The study patients was divided into ARDS group (n = 21) and non-ARDS group (n = 11). ARDS group were the post-operative patients who developed ARDS after lung or esophageal cancer surgery. The ventilator variables were analyzed in this study. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to reduce the correlated ventilator variables to a small set of variables. By using the PCA selection method, top three ventilator variables with large coefficients can be considered as sensitive variables and were included in the analysis model based on the rule of 10 events per variable. Firth logistic regression with selective stepwise elimination procedure was performed to identify the most important predictors of morbidity and mortality in patients with ARDS. The ventilator parameters including rapid shallow breath index during mechanical ventilation (RSBIv), rate pressure product of ventilation (RPPv), rate pressure volume index (RPVI), mechanical work (MW), and inspiration to expiration time ratio (IER) were analyzed in this studyResults: The newly defined parameter MW/IER was the most important predictors for the development of ARDS, and both RPPv and RPVI were the significant predictors of mortality in patients with ARDS.Conclusion: Some ventilator parameters can be derived from ventilator readings and be used to predict the development and outcome of ARDS in mechanically ventilated patients on admission to the SICU, such as RPPv, RPVI and MW/IER defined in this study.
The Investigation of P1 gene in Mycoplasma pneumonia Isolated from atypic pneumonia by molecular methods, determine IgG antibody and MIC to ciprofloxacin antibiotic
Authors: Darabi Zohre , Niakan Mohammad , Khaledi Mansoor , Afkhami Hamed , Javdan Saeid , Darabi Zahra 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective
Mycoplasma pneumoniae, which causes atypical pneumonia, is a well-established pathogen of the respiratory tract. This bacteria is intrinsically susceptible to fluoroquinolones. But Recently, drug-resistant forms of this bacteria have been reported. This study aims to determine the prevalence of this bacteria by ELISA and PCR and MIC to ciprofloxacin.
Methods
The clinical samples (blood and nasopharyngeal swab) were collected from 100 patients who were referred to selective hospitals in Tehran with respiratory complaints were enrolled in 2017.Nasopharyngeal swab sample collections were cultured on PPLO broth and PPLO agar. After culturing and DNA extraction, PCR was performed by specific P1 genes primers. Ciprofloxacin's MIC of Mycoplasma pneumonia isolated was determined by Micro-broth dilution method. Also, measure serum IgG antibody titers were measured by ELISA Mycoplasma pneumonia.
Results
In this study, out of 100 samples 12, bacteria were isolated on PPLO agar.Using specific primers,7 samples of Mycoplasma speciesism-specific were positive for the presence of M.pneumoniae. 2 Ciprofloxacin resistant isolates were evaluated. ELISA results show that the IgG titre antibody In 19 samples is existent. Also,5 samples are intermediate. IgG antibody titre average in the whole sample is 27/66 U/ml but it is in Positive samples by P1 PCR is 45/75 U/ml.
Conclusions
This study showed that PCR is a sensitive and reliable method for rapid detection of M. pneumoniae bacteria in respiratory infectious samples.but the results of this method are different from the ELISA method. also, It seems that the Resistance to ciprofloxacin is relatively common among M. pneumoniae.
Risk Factors for rectal colonization with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in hospital: a matched case-control study
Authors: meschiari marianna , Kaleci Shaniko , Orlando Gabriella , Selmi Silvia , Santoro Antonella , Bacca Erica , Menozzi Marianna , Franceschini Erica , Puzzolante Cinzia , Bedini Andrea , Sarti Mario , Venturelli Claudia , Vecchi Elena , Mussini Cristina 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
During the last decade carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) became hyper-endemic in hospitals due to difficult to control spreading. Our aim is to identify risk factors for nosocomial rectal CRAB colonization in an endemic hospital.
Methods
A retrospective matched case-control study (ratio 1:2) with a prospective inclusion of cases and concurrent selection of controls was conducted from January 2017 to December 2018 in a tertiary-care hospital. Universal active surveillance for CRAB was implemented. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was carried out using a stepwise selection method to compare prognostic factors between cases and controls. A sub-analysis was carried out according to the type of department.
Results
Forty-five cases with nosocomial rectal CRAB colonization and 90 controls were included. One hundred and two (75%) patients were hospitalized in medical departments. At multivariable analysis significant risk factors associated with CRAB colonization were: use of permanent devices (OR: 10.15, 95%CI: 2.27–45.39; P = 0.002), mechanical ventilation (OR: 40.01, 95%CI: 4.05–395.1; P = 0.002), urinary catheters (OR: 4.9, 95%CI:1.52–16.19; P = 0.008), McCabe score (OR: 5.45, 95%CI: 1.87–15.89; P = 0.002), length of stay (OR: 1.03, 95%CI: 1.01–1.05; P = 0.002), carbapenem use (OR: 5.39, 95%CI: 1.14–25.44; P = 0.033). The sub-analysis showed that patients admitted to different departments had different risk factors. In geriatric department a fatal disease and a longer hospital stay represented significant risk factors both in univariate and multivariate analysis, while in internal medicine department the use of permanent devices, current antibiotic therapy and antibiotic polytherapy represented significant risk factors for CRAB at the univariate analysis, also confirmed in multivariate analysis.
Conclusions
Our data suggest that active surveillance for rectal CRAB colonization should be addressed to patients with an unfavourable prognosis, longer hospitalizations and carriers of multiple devices. To counter CRAB spreading in endemic settings, clinicians must limit the use of carbapenems, and reinforce interventions aimed at proper use of devices.
Outcomes of COVID-19 in a cohort of pediatric patients with rheumatic diseases
Authors: Villacis-Nunez Diana Sofia , Rostad Christina A. , Rouster-Stevens Kelly , Khosroshahi Arezou , Chandrakasan Shanmuganathan , Prahalad Sampath 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background

There are few reports of COVID-19 in pediatric patients with rheumatic diseases. This study describes the clinical presentation and outcomes of COVID-19 in this population.
Methods

We analyzed a single-center case series of pediatric patients with rheumatic diseases and laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. Demographic, baseline and COVID-19 associated clinical features were compared between ambulatory and hospitalized patients using univariate analysis.
Results

Forty cases were identified: 32 (80%) in the ambulatory group and 8 (20%) hospitalized. Older age (median age 18 years vs 16 years; p = 0.01) and African American race (OR 8.42; 95% CI [1.20-101.69]; p = 0.01) predominated in hospitalized patients. Systemic lupus erythematosus (OR 6.77; 95% CI [1.01–56.71]; p = 0.02), medium/high-dose corticosteroid use (OR 10.62; 95% CI [1.46–99.57]; p = 0.008), mycophenolate use (OR 11.91; 95% CI [1.64-149.35]; p = 0.005), and severe immunosuppression (OR 16.83; 95% CI [1.74-861.43]; p = 0.004) were associated with increased odds of hospitalization. Patients with fever (OR 11.91; 95% CI [1.64-149.35]; p = 0.004), dyspnea (OR 16.51; CI [1.10-998.37]; p = 0.02), and myalgias (OR 13.40; 95% CI [1.43-194.56)]; p = 0.009) were more commonly encountered in the hospitalized group. Rheumatic disease flares were almost exclusive to hospitalized patients (OR 42.13; 95% CI [3.40-2463.87]; p < 0.001).. All patients recovered.
Conclusions

Medium/high-dose corticosteroid use, mycophenolate use, and severe immunosuppression were risk factors for hospitalization. Fever, dyspnea and myalgias were high-risk symptoms. The type of rheumatic disease, as well as disease flare could be contributing factors to the need for hospitalization.
Identifcation of Pathways and Genes Associated With Meniscus Degeneration Using Bioinformatics Analyses&nbsp;
Authors: Huang Hui , Zheng Jiaxuan , Tian Haiquan , Fang Yehan , Wang Wei , Wang Guangji , Deng Ming , Lin Jianping 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
There are few studies on the genetic changes of meniscus degeneration. We used anterior cruciate ligament resection of Wuzhishan pig to prepare a meniscus degeneration model, and applied gene chip technology to detect differentially expressed genes in degenerative meniscus tissue. Then we applied GO analysis, Pathway analysis, Core gene network analysis and Relevant miRNAs analysis to discover relevant regulatory networks of meniscus degeneration. As a result, we detected 893 differentially expressed genes, mainly involving hormone, apoptosis, inflammation and other mechanisms, and obtained MUC13, Inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels, MDFI, mir-335-5p and so on that may play a key role. In summary, we have established a reliable animal model of meniscus degeneration and found that meniscus degeneration involves several possible molecular mechanisms, which will provide molecular targets for further research of the disease in the future.
Development of a Patient Safety Care Activity Scale for Clinical Nurses in Korea
Authors: Yang Ya Ki 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to develop a scale measuring the patient safety care activity scale for clinical nurses and to verify validity and reliability it. Methods: A conceptual framework and construct factors were extracted through extensive literature review and in-depth interviews with nursing professionals. In total, 55 items were derived based on the pilot survey. Data were collected from 428 nurses working at general hospitals and analyzed for verifying the reliability and validity of the scale. Results: 8 factors containing 44 items were extracted from the exploratory factor analysis to verify the construct validity. The 8 factors were security, patient identification, operation (invasive procedure), medication, blood transfusion, management of infection, management of falls & sores, management of firefighting. These items were verified by convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity testing. The internal consistency reliability was acceptable (Cronbach’s α=.96). Conclusion: The developed patient safety care activity scale is expected to be used as the tool for the development of theory and improvement of patient safety care activities, the empirical testing for cause and effect of patient safety care activities, the development of interventions, education and training programs for improving patient safety care activities, and indicators for evaluation or accreditation of hospital service quality.