bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of solvent type on the formation rate of benzyl cation intermediate in acidolysis of lignin
Authors: Hirata Masaki , Yokoyama Tomoya 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine how the type of solvent among aqueous 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, ethanol, iso-propyl alcohol, or ethylene glycol and its content (mol%) affect the formation rate of benzyl cation intermediate (BC) in the acidolysis of lignin, using a simple model compound, 1,2-dimethoxy-4-methoxymethylbenzene. Because the BC forms from the model compound via two steps, i.e., protonation of the benzyl methoxymethyl group as the pre-equilibrium step and liberation of the methanol as the rate-determining step, the observed variation of the formation rate with type of solvent and solvent content originates from the effects on both steps undistinguishably. The formation rate of BC decreased with increasing mol% of any of the organic solvents for a range of relatively low mol%, but increased with it for relatively high mol%. The formation rate varied more in the ether than in the alcohol systems. These results seem to be regulated by the effect of changing the mol% on the pre-equilibrium step, i.e., on the proton activity, rather than on the rate-determining step. Two reaction products, 4-alkoxymethyl-1,2-dimethoxybenzene and 4-hydroxymethyl-1,2-dimethoxybenzene, exclusively formed in the aqueous alcohol systems. The former compound was confirmed to be thermodynamically more stable and kinetically the more favorable product.
Immobilization of cellulase on magnetic nanoparticles for rice bran oil extraction in a magnetic fluidized bed
Authors: Yu Dianyu , Ma Xiaoyu , Huang Yunyan , Jiang Lianzhou , Wang Liqi , Han Cuiping , Yang Fuming 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a method for extracting rice bran oil using magnetic immobilized cellulase (MIC) in a magnetic fluidized bed (MFB). Cellulase was immobilized on Fe3O4/SiO
x
-g-P (glycydylmethacrylate) with an average grain size of 120 nm. The rice bran was hydrolyzed using MIC combined with magnetic immobilized alkaline protease to extract rice bran oil. Under intermittent conditions, the MIC concentration was 1.6 mg/g, the liquid to material ratio was 4:1, the enzymatic hydrolysis time was 150 min, and the oil yield was as high as 85.6 ± 1.20% at 55 °C. The fluid in the MFB had a magnetic field strength of 0.022 T, a flow velocity of 0.005 m/s, and an oil extraction rate of 90.3%. This provides a theoretical basis for the extraction of rice bran oil using the subsequent MFB hydroenzyme method.
L2 writing development through two types of writing task repetition
Authors: Fukunaga Tatsushi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study investigated whether any remarkable effects emerge in terms of overall complexity, complexity by subordination, accuracy, and fluency in two types of writing task repetition during a single academic semester (16 weeks). The Cognition Hypothesis states that tasks involving different cognitive demands will lead to different L2 output. Thus, this study explored whether any significant differences existed between two task types: descriptive and argumentative essays. The results revealed different patterns in the two types of writing tasks. For the descriptive essays, despite the improvements in overall complexity, complexity by subordination, and fluency with a large effect size, no significant findings were confirmed for accuracy. In contrast, in the argumentative essays, the learners improved all the linguistic aspects, but with a medium effect size. This study also unraveled developmental trajectories to demonstrate how different variables interacted in the two different types of writing tasks throughout the measurement period.
Free-ranging Van Gelder’s batBauerus dubiaquercus(Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) preying on dung beetles in southern Mexico
Authors: Aguilar-Rodríguez Pedro A. , Méndez-Rodríguez Aline , Ospina-Garcés Sandra M. , MacSwiney G. M. Cristina , Yovel Yossi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe report the first prey species consumed by the free-ranging Van Gelder’s batBauerus dubiaquercus. We trapped four pregnant individuals of this species carrying freshly captured dung beetles. We describe the wing morphology and flight descriptors (wing loading and wing aspect ratio) of the species, which presents wings more suitable for capturing insects by aerial hawking, although the evidence suggests that is able to capture dung beetles of nearly 10% of its body mass in flight close to the ground. The species could obtain their prey while foraging on uncluttered pasture near forest edges.
Adsorption of UO2
2+ by AlBaNi-layered double hydroxide nano-particles: kinetic, isothermal, and thermodynamic studies
Authors: Abd Al-Azim Elhefnawy Olivea , Abd ElFattah Elabd Amira 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
AlBaNi-LDH nanoparticles have been synthesized by the co-precipitation method. A series of characterization analyses (Scanning Electron Microscope, Energy Dispersive X-ray, Transmission Electron Microscope, X-ray Diffraction, Atomic Force Microscope, and Infrared spectroscopy) proved that the surface structure of AlBaNi-LDH nano-particles was the key mechanism for UO2
2+ adsorption. The synthesized product showed good performance in UO2
2+ adsorption efficiency in neutral pH with a maximal adsorption capacity of 137 mg/g. The results demonstrated the adsorption process fitted well with pseudo-second-order and Langmuir isotherm models. Also, the effects of coexisting ions and different eluents are briefly described. These results confirm that AlBaNi-LDH is an effective material for the adsorption of UO2
2+ from an aqueous solution with reusable availability.
Was Bauteile über den Verschleiß genutzter Stanzwerkzeuge verraten
Authors: Molitor Dirk Alexander , Kubik Christian , Hetfleisch Ruben Helmut , Groche Peter 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Die Wirtschaftlichkeit industrieller Stanzprozesse hängt stark von produzierten Bauteilqualitäten und Stillstandzeiten ab. Negativ werden diese von Verschleißerscheinungen an genutzten Stanzstempeln beeinflusst, weswegen datengetriebene Überwachungssysteme sowohl in industrieller Praxis als auch akademischer Forschung entwickelt werden. Insbesondere KI-Modelle haben das Potenzial, multiple Verschleißzustände zu klassifizieren oder quantitativ zu regressieren, werden bislang jedoch ausschließlich auf Sensorsignale angewandt. In der vorliegenden Publikation wird dagegen der Ansatz gewählt, Bilder produzierter Bauteile als Eingangsgrößen für faltende, neuronale Netze zu nutzen, um die Kantenverrundung am Stanzstempel zu prädizieren. Entwickelte Modelle weisen hohe Prädiktionsgüten auf und eröffnen Möglichkeiten zur weiterführenden Beforschung bildgestützter Überwachungsansätze.
Dreiklang für eine erfolgreiche Digitalisierung
Authors: Hufnagl Christine , Kriner Hildegard , Marcus Laura , Schröder Jürgen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Um die Digitalisierung von Prozessen erfolgreich voranzutreiben und cyber-physische Systeme sinnvoll zu nutzen, ist der Dreiklang aus Identifikation, Lokalisation und Zustandsermittlung in Echtzeit von allen prozessbeteiligten Faktoren unabdingbar. Derzeit fehlt es an Strukturen, welche diese Kriterien ausreichend berücksichtigen. Die Notwendigkeit dafür wird im Folgenden aufgezeigt und beispielhaft anhand der Bettenlogistik eines Krankenhauses demonstriert. Dieses Vorgehen ist auf alle logistischen Prozesse der Produktion übertragbar.
Smarte Einsatzplanung und Schulung zur Qualitätssteigerung
Authors: Motz Maximilian , Möhle Janina , Lossie Karl , Ast Jonas , Rochow Niklas E. , Schmitt Robert H. , Nyhuis Peter 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Um trotz steigender Flexibilitätsanforderungen eine hohe Qualität sicherzustellen, müssen Mitarbeitende kompetenzgerecht eingesetzt und gezielt weitergebildet werden. Als Lösungsansatz wird im Projekt „reQenrol“ ein Assistenzsystem zur kompetenzbasierten Einsatzplanung und arbeitsgebundenen Schulung entwickelt. Das System unterstützt eine kompetenzgerechte Allokation von Mitarbeitenden zu Tätigkeiten und stellt Schulungsunterlagen für ein arbeitsgebundenes Lernen über Smart Devices bereit.
Wirkzusammenhänge innerhalb der Produktionsplanung und -steuerung
Authors: Hillnhagen Simon , Green Thorben , Maier Janine Tatjana , Mütze Alexander , Schmidt Matthias 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Ein umfassendes Verständnis der Wirkzusammenhänge innerhalb der Produktionsplanung und -steuerung bleibt auch bei zunehmender Digitalisierung der Produktion eine essentielle Grundlage, um zielgerichtete Entscheidungen zur bestmöglichen Konfiguration dieser treffen zu können. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Modellierungsansatz vorgestellt, der die Verknüpfung zwischen produktionslogistischen Zielgrößen und Aufgaben herausstellt, um die Auswirkungen von Entscheidungen aufgabenübergreifend zu verdeutlichen.
Synaptic Integration of Subquantal Neurotransmission by Colocalized G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Presynaptic Terminals
Authors: Church Emily , Hamid Edaeni , Zurawski Zack , Potcoava Mariana , Flores-Barrera Eden , Caballero Adriana , Tseng Kuei Y. , Alford Simon 
Published: December 2021

In presynaptic terminals, membrane-delimited Gi/o-mediated presynaptic inhibition is ubiquitous and acts via Gβγ to inhibit Ca2+entry, or directly at SNARE complexes to inhibit Ca2+-dependent synaptotagmin-SNARE complex interactions. At CA1-subicular presynaptic terminals, 5-HT1Band GABABreceptors colocalize. GABABreceptors inhibit Ca2+entry, whereas 5-HT1Breceptors target SNARE complexes. We demonstrate in male and female rats that GABABreceptors alter Pr, whereas 5-HT1Breceptors reduce evoked cleft glutamate concentrations, allowing differential inhibition of AMPAR and NMDAR EPSCs. This reduction in cleft glutamate concentration was confirmed by imaging glutamate release using a genetic sensor (iGluSnFR). Simulations of glutamate release and postsynaptic glutamate receptor currents were made. We tested effects of changes in vesicle numbers undergoing fusion at single synapses, relative placement of fusing vesicles and postsynaptic receptors, and the rate of release of glutamate from a fusion pore. Experimental effects of Prchanges, consistent with GABABreceptor effects, were straightforwardly represented by changes in numbers of synapses. The effects of 5-HT1Breceptor-mediated inhibition are well fit by simulated modulation of the release rate of glutamate into the cleft. Colocalization of different actions of GPCRs provides synaptic integration within presynaptic terminals. Train-dependent presynaptic Ca2+accumulation forces frequency-dependent recovery of neurotransmission during 5-HT1Breceptor activation. This is consistent with competition between Ca2+-synaptotagmin and Gβγ at SNARE complexes. Thus, stimulus trains in 5-HT1Breceptor agonist unveil dynamic synaptic modulation and a sophisticated hippocampal output filter that itself is modulated by colocalized GABABreceptors, which alter presynaptic Ca2+. In combination, these pathways allow complex presynaptic integration.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTwo G protein-coupled receptors colocalize at presynaptic sites, to mediate presynaptic modulation by Gβγ, but one (a GABABreceptor) inhibits Ca2+entry whereas another (a 5-HT1Breceptor) competes with Ca2+-synaptotagmin binding to the synaptic vesicle machinery. We have investigated downstream effects of signaling and integrative properties of these receptors. Their effects are profoundly different. GABABreceptors alter Prleaving synaptic properties unchanged, whereas 5-HT1Breceptors fundamentally change properties of synaptic transmission, modifying AMPAR but sparing NMDAR responses. Coactivation of these receptors allows synaptic integration because of convergence of GABABreceptor alteration on Ca2+and the effect of this altered Ca2+signal on 5-HT1Breceptor signaling. This presynaptic convergence provides a novel form of synaptic integration.
Teacher educators’ understanding of integrating lesson study into pre-service teacher education
Authors: Win Yin Mar 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In Myanmar, according to the National Education Strategic Plan (NESP) 2016–2021, the four-year Education College curriculum has been developed and implemented, in line with the pre-service teacher education reform. In the new curriculum, the Lesson Study (LS) model is integrated into the practicum. LS is an effective teacher professional development practice that originated in Japan and is becoming popular all over the world today, suited to both pre-service and in-service teacher education. The LS concept has been introduced to the Myanmar context since 2011 through international training projects and there are two LS research projects which focus on the impacts of the training. However, there is no follow-up research which explores teacher educators’ understanding of LS and their LS practices after the training projects and there is no research related to the integration of LS into pre-service teacher education. This study explores the LS experiences and perspectives of teacher educators who have to take the responsibility of integrating LS into pre-service teacher education with the aim of assessing their readiness for that. Eight teacher educators from six Education Colleges in Myanmar participated in this qualitative research project. Semi-structured interviews were conducted for data collection. The results reveal that teacher educators are already familiar with the term “LS” through the former LS projects. Moreover, the findings show two dimensions of teacher educators’ lesson study experiences; namely, lesson study experiences as a tool of professional development and as a tool of teacher training. They have positive perceptions about the integration of LS into the practicum but it is still challenging for them.
Development of a heuristic to solve the general transportation problem
Authors: Munapo Elias 
Published: December 2021

The transportation problem is well known and has very important applications. For this well-researched model, there are very efficient approaches for solving it that are available. These approaches include formulating the transportation problem as a linear program and then using the efficient methods such as the simplex method or interior point algorithms.
The Hungarian method is another efficient method for solving both the assignment model and the general transportation model. An assignment problem is a special case of the transportation model in which all supply and demand points are 1. Every transportation problem can be converted into an assignment problem since rows and columns can be split so that each supply and each demand point is 1.
The transportation simplex method is another method that is also used to solve the general transportation problem. This method is also called the modified distribution method (MODI). To use this approach, a starting solution is required and the closer the starting solution to the optimal solution, the fewer the iterations that are required to reach optimality.
The fourth method for transportation models is the network simplex method, which is the fastest so far. Unfortunately, all these approaches for transportation models are serial in nature and are very difficult to parallelize, which makes it difficult to efficiently use the available massively parallel technology. There is a need for an efficient approach for the transportation problem, which is easily parallelizable. This paper presents a See-Saw approach for solving the general transportation problem. This is an extension of the See-Saw approach for solving the assignment problem. The See-Saw moves can be done independently, which makes the approach proposed in this paper more promising than the available methods for transportation models
Energy power parameter effect of hot rolling on the formation of the structure and properties of low-alloy steels
Authors: Sheyko Sergey , Matiukhin Anton , Tsyganov Volodymyr , Andreev Andrey , Ben Anna , Kulabneva Elena 
Published: December 2021

The temperature and degree of hot deformation for steel 10HFTBch have been determined. This made it possible to ensure an increase in the mechanical properties of this steel, namely, the ultimate strength up to 540–560 MPa, as well as the relative elongation up to 25–29 %. As a result, it became possible to increase the service life of wheels with increased carrying capacity. This, in turn, will make it possible to increase the load of the transported cargo by motor vehicles several times.
The mechanism of the influence of the energy-power parameters of rolling on the formation of the macro- and microstructure of a two-phase steel in the process of hot deformation is disclosed. The applied scheme provided an increase in the homogeneity of the structure of the developed steel, which saved the central part of the rolled section from overheating. It has been established that a decrease in the temperature of the end of deformation leads to a decrease in the size of the recrystallized austenite grain, and, consequently, to a refinement of the ferrite grain. Also an important factor in preventing the growth of ferrite grains in the upper part of the ferritic region is the abolition of cooling of the steel in coils.
The recommended mode for multicomponent alloy steel 10HFTBch is as follows: the temperature of the end of rolling is 850 °C, the beginning of accelerated cooling is 750 °C, and the temperature of strip coiling into a coil is 600 °C.
The basis for ensuring the increased strength of two-phase steels is the ratio and distribution of structural fractions – ferrite (initial and precipitated from austenite), as well as martensite. When hardened by such traditional "martensite formations" as manganese, the ability to control properties is limited. This is reflected in a narrow range of variation in the strength and ductility of the developed steel. The optimal combination of strength characteristics of plastic properties reduces the metal consumption of the product by 15–25 %.
Study on the optimization of spray drying process for Areca taro powder with microcystalline cellulose
Authors: Shang Feifei , Kryzhska Tetiana , Duan Zhenhua 
Published: December 2021

Starch is a product of intensive processing of agricultural products. During the processing of plant starch, nutrients such as protein, dietary fiber, and minerals are removed. In addition to nutritional imbalance, rich nutrients have an impact on the environment. The object of research is Areca taro, a starch-rich agricultural product.
The research aims to use spray drying technology to obtain a whole betel nut taro powder for food processing, such as sausages and noodles. The taro is used as a raw material, and the whole taro flour is obtained after peeling, cutting, crushing with water, and spray drying. Using single factor and orthogonal experiment to optimize the spray drying process parameters and embedding agent of taro powder, and then analyze its physical and chemical properties.
The results show that adding 0.01 % Xanthan gum+0.12 % Microcrystalline cellulose (embedded agent) to the taro emulsion can increase the extraction rate of taro flour, speed up the drying speed, and prevent sticking to the wall. The best process of spray drying: the speed of atomizer was 16000 r/m, the wind temperature was 200 °C, the material liquid concentration was 28.00 % and the feeding rate was 75 mL/min. The taro powder produced by this process has better liquidity, light purple color, smooth texture, and strong flavor of taro. Product parameters: powder fluidity was 13.9 cm, extraction rate was 15.36 %, water activity was 0.416, chromaticity parameters were 19.73 (L* value), 2.96 (a* value) and 3.25 (b* value), bulk density was 0.44 g/mL.
This technology can provide data support and reference for food processing companies. The taro whole powder would be widely used as food ingredients in future.
Development of a method for improving the accuracy of measurement of linear measures of 3D models via scanning
Authors: Kvasnikov Volodymyr , Ornatskyi Dmytro , Dostavalov Valerii 
Published: December 2021

The object of research is to refine the linear sizes of the obtained 3D models via scanning, and reducing the numbers of errors when obtaining the model. For now, there is no accuracy method for transferring the actual sizes of an object to a 3D model. One of the most problematic places in the existing methods of transferring sizes from the object to the model is the error in the placement of dimensional markers due to inaccuracy, or poor quality of the received surface via scanning.
A model of the instrument complex is used to implement an improved method of 3D scanning, based on the photogrammetric method. The advanced technology of construction and measurement of 3D models on the basis of photos on the principle of stereo pairs in combination with image projection is based on a combination of existing scanning methods. As well as the introduction of new functionalities, such as maintaining the actual sizes of an object, its textures, color and light characteristics, as well as improving the accuracy of linear sizes.
As a result of the use of a standard, reference projections, and a new method of comparing photographs to build a 3D model, a 60 % increase in the accuracy of linear dimensions was achieved. This is due to the fact that the proposed new combined method incorporates all the existing most important aspects of scanning. And also has a number of features, such as the definition of boundary surfaces, automatic sizing, detection, and processing of glass and mirror surfaces. Due to this, this method eliminates the main disadvantages of the usual photogrammetric method – inaccuracies in the surface quality of the models, and inaccuracies in the transfer of linear dimensions. It is estimated that the combined method will allow to transfer the real size of simple objects in 3D with an accuracy of 99.97 % of the actual size of the object. It will also improve the quality of complex surfaces (boundary, glass, mirror) by at least 40–60 %, compared to other existing methods.
Population and Food Resources
Authors: CIURE Anamaria , ROTAR Ioan 
Published: December 2021

Demographic explosion of the early modern society, which constituated the basic material for the Malthusian theory, is a major problem of mankind. Population growth remains high in absolute terms (in 1950 lived on earth only 2.5 million inhabitants in 1970 were 3.2 billion and in 2006 were 6.68 billion people).
As a result of population growth, agriculture, the main segment which provides food resources, can significantly restrict the activities currently being allotted to each man 0.56 ha farm, of which the 0.26 ha arable.
Because scenarios predict a growing population it is required the increasing of current levels of food production more than proportionally with population growth, so as to provide a proper diet for many people.
Monitoring the Impact of Electromagnetic Waves on Yield and Quality in Maize
Authors: IMBREA Florin , MARINCOVIC Branko , TABĂRĂ Valeriu , PÎRŞAN PAUL , DAVID Gheorghe , BOTOS Lucian 
Published: December 2021

Experimenting new technology of cultivating maize is an important step forward in order to optimise the yielding capacity if a crop that ranks second among crops cultivated worldwide and first among crops cultivated in Romania.
Using low frequency radiations to stimulate yield and quality in maize allows increases in yield between 10 and 15% compared to the classical cultivation method and an improvement of the quality indicators (protein content increased with 6-11% determining an increase of the protein yield per ha; starch content increased with 7-14%, which also determined an increase of the starch yield per ha; while fat content, another indicator we monitored, increased with 2-6%).