bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implant soft tissue Dehiscence coverage Esthetic Score (IDES): A pilot within‐ and between‐rater analysis of consistency in objective and subjective scores
Authors: Zucchelli Giovanni , Barootchi Shayan , Tavelli Lorenzo , Stefanini Martina , Rasperini Giulio , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo introduce an esthetic index for assessing the outcomes of peri‐implant soft tissue dehiscence/deficiency (PSTD) coverage and test its within‐ and between‐reviewer reliability.Materials and MethodsPhotographs of 51 single PSTDs at baseline and after treatment were provided to four periodontists from three centers. The examiners were asked to rate each case at two timepoints with the Implant soft tissue Dehiscence/deficiency coverage Esthetic Score (IDES) that involved the evaluation of the post‐treatment level of the soft tissue margin, peri‐implant papillae height, mucosa color, and mucosa appearance (summing up to a total score of 10). Variance components analysis was conducted using multilevel regression fit in a Bayesian framework for obtaining uncertainty intervals for fractional variance contributions and intraclass correlation values (ICC) of the IDES, and for each of its four clinical variables.ResultsRegression models showed reproducible esthetic evaluation among the examiners (inter‐reliability) and negligible intra‐reviewer variability (assessment of the same case at different timepoints). The ICC for the variability in the assessment of the overall IDES was 0.86, and for the individual components ranged from 0.78 to 0.87. Additionally, there was a strong similarity between the raters’ IDES values, and their subjective esthetic response, by the same raters.ConclusionThe IDES showed persistent judgment among the 4 reviewers, and only a slight intra‐reviewer variability across timepoints. Within its limitations, this study suggests that the proposed novel score can be a reliable tool for evaluating the esthetic outcomes of PSTD coverage, which can aid in standardization of esthetic assessments following the treatment of a PSTD.
Innovative method to diagnose coronary Cameral fistula by contrast echocardiography
Authors: Eldeib Moustafa , Qaddoura Fatema , Sadek Marwan , Abuelatta Reda , Nagib Ayman 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionCoronary artery fistula (CAF) is a rare cardiac anomaly that typically presents as a continuous murmur in an otherwise asymptomatic patient. Occasionally, it can result in congestive heart failure or bacterial endocarditis.ObjectiveTo better delineate the course of coronary artery fistula using an intracoronary injection of SonoVue contrast agent, while performing transthoracic echocardiography.Method and resultsA referred 46‐year‐old man, with a history of exertional dyspnea for almost 3 months, was admitted to the hospital with progressive dyspnea and assessed under suspicion of CAF. CAF was seen with a coronary angiogram, but the exact entry point in the left ventricle or left atrial wall could not be determined. CT angiography also failed to establish the drainage site, so CAG (coronary angiography) was repeated with the SonoVue contrast agent injected into LM (Left main) while using a Siemens echocardiography machine. Multiple views were obtained during the injection and revealed unusual flow in the left ventricle just below the PML (posterior mitral leaflet) and passing through the fistula to LV.ConclusionContrast‐enhanced echocardiography by direct intracoronary injection of SonoVue contrast agent is safe and can aid in the delineation of fistula drainage.
Efficacy study of the new polycaprolactone thread compared with other commercialized threads in a murine model
Authors: Cho Seung Woo , Shin Byung Ho , Heo Chan Yeong , Shim Jung Hee 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundPolydioxanone (PDO) threads, poly‐L‐lactic acid (PLLA) threads, and polycaprolactone (PCL) threads have been used for lifting and antiaging purposes. The new PCL threads that have less residual monomer compared to the previous PCL are developed.AimsThe efficacy of threads regarding collagen synthesis and wrinkle improvement was evaluated in vivo model.MethodsIn this study, threads were inserted into 30 six‐week‐old male SKH‐1 hairless mice. One of four threads was implanted at either side of the spine of each mouse. Biopsy specimens obtained at 1, 4, and 8 weeks were examined using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Herovici's stain. Additionally, immunoblot analysis was performed using primary antibody for collagen type III and transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) and visualized by chemiluminescence and densitometric quantification. Finally, skin replicas were used to calculate total wrinkle area (mm2).ResultsNeocollagenesis was significantly increased by 50% in the new PCL and pre‐existing PCL groups at 8 weeks (p value < 0.001). Additionally, new‐PCL‐implanted mice showed a significant increase in collagen type III and TGF‐β expressions at 8 weeks (p value < 0.001). The number of inflammatory cells was also increased in the skin of PCL‐implanted mice at 8 weeks. Finally, wrinkles were reduced about 20% in the new PCL group at 8 weeks.ConclusionsThe new PCL thread exhibited a superior skin rejuvenation effect. This suggests that the material processing technology can be applied not only to the thread but also to various products such as dermal filler and cosmetics.
The spread of infectious asexuality through haploid pollen
Authors: Mau Martin , Liiving Tiina , Fomenko Liza , Goertzen Richard , Paczesniak Dorota , Böttner Laura , Sharbel Timothy F. 
Published: January 2021

Summary

The mechanisms of initiation and transmission of apomixis (asexual reproduction through seeds) in natural plant populations are important for understanding the evolution of reproductive variation. Here, we used the phylogenetic diversity of the genus Boechera (Brassicaceae), together with natural diversity in pollen types produced by apomictic lines, to test whether hybridization triggers the transition to asexuality, and whether a ‘triploid bridge’ is required for the formation of polyploid apomicts.

We performed crosses between diploid sexual recipient and diploid apomictic donor lines and tested whether the mating system (interspecific hybridization vs intraspecific outcrossing) or pollen type (haploid vs diploid) influenced the transmission of apomixis from diploid apomictic donors into sexual recipients. We used genetic markers and flow cytometric analyses of embryo and endosperm in seeds to infer the reproductive mode.

Within a single generation, initiation of both diploid and polyploid apomixis in sexual Boechera can occur. Diploid apomixis is transmitted through haploid pollen (infectious asexuality) and polyploids can form through multiple pathways. The three functional elements of apomixis occasionally segregate.

Variation in pollen ploidy and the segregation of apomixis elements drive reproductive diversity of hybrids and outcrosses and can be utilized for apomixis initiation in crop breeding programs.
Alteration of lipids and amino acids in plasma distinguish schizophrenia patients from controls: A targeted metabolomics study
Authors: Liu Yiyun , Song Xuemian , Liu Xinyu , Pu Juncai , Gui Siwen , Xu Shaohua , Tian Lu , Zhong Xiaogang , Zhao Libo , Wang Haiyang , Liu Lanxiang , Xu Guowang , Xie Peng 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundSchizophrenia (SCZ) is a serious psychiatric disorder. Metabolite disturbance is an important pathogenic factor in schizophrenic patients. In this study, we aim to identify plasma lipid and amino acid biomarkers for SCZ using targeted metabolomics.MethodsPlasma from 76 SCZ patients and 50 matched controls were analyzed using the LC/MS‐based multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) metabolomics approach. A total of 182 targeted metabolites, including 22 amino acids and 160 lipids or lipid‐related metabolites were observed. We used binary logistic regression analysis to determine whether the lipid and amino acid biomarkers could discriminate SCZ patients from controls. The area under the curve (AUC) from receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the biomarkers panel.ResultsWe identified 19 significantly differentially expressed metabolites between the SCZ patients and the controls (false discovery rate < 0.05), including one amino acid and 18 lipids or lipid‐related metabolites. The binary logistic regression‐selected panel showed good diagnostic performance in the drug‐naïve group (AUC = 0.936) and all SCZ patients (AUC = 0.948), especially in the drug‐treated group (AUC = 0.963).ConclusionsPlasma lipids and amino acids showed significant dysregulation in SCZ, which could effectively discriminate SCZ patients from controls. The LC/MS/MS‐based approach provides reliable data for the objective diagnosis of SCZ.
Characterizing reduced height wheat mutants for traits affecting abiotic stress and photosynthesis during seedling growth
Authors: Mohan Amita , Grant Nathan P. , Schillinger William F. , Gill Kulvinder S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMost high‐yielding, semidwarf wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown around the world contains either Rht1 or Rht2 genes. The success of these high‐yielding cultivars is greatest in the most productive farming environments but provide marginal benefits in less favorable growing conditions such as shallow soils and low‐precipitation dryland farming. Further, growing evidence suggests semidwarf genes not only affect early seedling growth but limit grain yield, especially under abiotic stress conditions. There are 23 other reduced‐height mutants reported in wheat, most of which have not been functionally characterized. We evaluated these mutants along with their parents for several traits affecting seedling emergence, early seedling growth, and photosynthetic efficiency. Two‐ to seven‐fold differences in coleoptile length, first leaf length, root length, and root angle were observed among the genotypes. Most of the mutations had a positive effect on root length, while the root angle narrowed. Coleoptile and first leaf lengths were strongly correlated with emergence. A specialized deep planting experiment identified Rht5, Rht6, Rht8, and Rht13 with significantly improved seedling emergence compared to the parent. Among the mutants, Rht4, Rht19, and Rht12 ranked highest for photosynthetic traits while Rht9, Rht16, and Rht15 performed best for early seedling growth parameters. Considering all traits collectively, Rht15 showed the most promise for utilization in marginal environments followed by Rht19 and Rht16. These wheat mutants may be useful for deciphering the underlying molecular mechanisms of understudied traits and breeding programs in arid and semiarid regions where deep planting is practiced.
Plant aquaporins alleviate drought tolerance in plants by modulating cellular biochemistry, root‐architecture, and photosynthesis
Authors: Patel Jaykumar , Mishra Avinash 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWater is a vital resource for plants to grow, thrive, and complete their life cycle. In recent years, drastic changes in the climate, especially drought frequency and severity, have increased, which reduces agricultural productivity worldwide. Aquaporins are membrane channels belonging to the major intrinsic protein superfamily, which play an essential role in cellular water and osmotic homeostasis of plants under both control and water deficit conditions. A genome‐wide search reveals the vast availability of aquaporin isoforms, phylogenetic relationships, different families, conserved residues, chromosomal locations, and gene structure of aquaporins. Furthermore, aquaporins gating and subcellular trafficking are commonly controlled by phosphorylation, cytosolic pH, divalent cations, reactive oxygen species, and stoichiometry. Researchers have identified their involvement in regulating hydraulic conductance, root system architecture, modulation of abiotic stress‐related genes, seed viability and germination, phloem loading, xylem water exit, photosynthetic parameters, and post‐drought recovery. Remarkable effects following the change in aquaporin activity and/or gene expression have been observed on root water transport properties, nutrient acquisition, physiology, transpiration, stomatal aperture, gas exchange, and water use efficiency. The present review highlights the role of different aquaporin homologs under water‐deficit stress condition in model and crop plants. Moreover, the opportunity and challenges encountered to explore aquaporins for engineering drought‐tolerant crop plants are also discussed here.
Assessing support for Blaberoidea phylogeny suggests optimal locus quality
Authors: Evangelista Dominic , Simon Sabrina , Wilson Megan M. , Kawahara Akito Y. , Kohli Manpreet K. , Ware Jessica L. , Wipfler Benjamin , Béthoux Olivier , Grandcolas Philippe , Legendre Frédéric 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPhylogenomics seeks to use next‐generation data to robustly infer an organism's evolutionary history. Yet, the practical caveats of phylogenomics motivate investigation of improved efficiency, particularly when quality of phylogenies are questionable. To achieve improvements, one goal is to maintain or enhance the quality of phylogenetic inference while severely reducing dataset size. We approach this by assessing which kinds of loci in phylogenomic alignments provide the majority of support for a phylogenetic inference of cockroaches in Blaberoidea. We examine locus substitution rate, saturation, evolutionary divergence, rate heterogeneity, stabilizing selection, and a priori information content as traits that may determine optimality. Our controlled experimental design is based on 265 loci for 102 blaberoidean taxa and 22 outgroup species. Loci with high substitution rate, low saturation, low sequence distance, low rate heterogeneity, and strong stabilizing selection derive more support for phylogenetic relationships. We found that some phylogenetic information content estimators may not be meaningful for assessing information content a priori. We use these findings to design concatenated datasets with an optimized subsample of 100 loci. The tree inferred from the optimized subsample alignment was largely identical to that inferred from all 265 loci but with less evidence of long branch attraction, improved statistical support, and potential 4‐6x improvements to computation time. Supported by phylogenetic and morphological evidence, we erect three newly named clades (Anallactinae Evangelista & Wipfler subfam. nov., Orkrasomeria tax. nov. Evangelista, Wipfler, & Béthoux and Hemithyrsocerini Evangelista tribe nov.) and propose other taxonomic modifications. The diagnosis of Pseudophyllodromiidae Grandcolas, 1996 is modified to accommodate Anallactinae and Pseudophyllodromiinae Vickery & Kevan, 1983. The diagnosis of Ectobiidae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1865 is modified to add novel morphological characters.
Experimental Investigation of Innovative Cooling Schemes on an Additively Manufactured Engine Scale Turbine Nozzle Guide Vane
Authors: Hossain Mohammad A. , Ameri Ali , Gregory James W. , Bons Jeffrey P. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study includes the design, validation, and fabrication via direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) of a gas turbine nozzle guide vanes (NGV) that incorporates three innovative cooling schemes specifically enabled by additive manufacturing. The novel NGV design is the culmination of an extensive research and development effort over a period of 4 years that included low- and high-speed cascade testing coupled with unsteady computational fluid dynamics for numerous candidate innovative cooling architectures. The final vane design (SJ-vane) consists of sweeping jet (SJ) film cooling holes on the suction surface (SS), sweeping jet impingement holes at the leading edge and double-wall partial length triangular pin-fin with impinging jet at the trailing edge. For comparison purposes, a second DMLS enabled vane (777-vane) was designed and fabricated with prototypical cooling circuits to serve as a baseline. This vane consists of a shaped film cooling holes on the suction surface, circular impingement holes at the leading edge, and full-length cylindrical pin-fins at the trailing edge. Experiments with the two DMLS enabled vanes were performed at the Ohio State University Turbine Reacting Flow Rig (TuRFR) at engine-relevant temperature (1375 K) and Mach number conditions. Infrared (IR) thermography was utilized to measure the wall temperature of the pressure and suction surface at several coolant mass flowrates to estimate the overall cooling effectiveness (ϕ). Results showed improved cooling performance for the advanced cooling schemes (sweeping jet film cooling, impingement cooling, and triangular pin-fin cooling) compared with the baseline cooling schemes.
Short-Term Prediction of Global Solar Radiation Energy Using Weather Data and Machine Learning Ensembles: A Comparative Study
Authors: Al-Hajj Rami , Assi Ali , Fouad Mohamad 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The ability to predict solar radiation one-day-ahead is critical for the best management of renewable energy tied-grids. Several machine learning ensemble techniques have been proposed to enhance the short-term prediction of solar radiation strength. In general, finding an optimal ensemble model that consists of combining individual predictors is not trivial due to the need for tuning and other related issues. Few comparative studies have been presented to obtain optimal structures of machine learning ensemble that deal with predicting solar radiation. The contribution of the present research consists of a comparative study of various structures of stacking-based ensembles of data-driven machine learning predictors that are widely used nowadays to conclude the best stacking strategies in terms of performance to combine predictors of solar radiation. The base individual predictors are arranged to predict solar radiation intensity using historical weather and solar radiation records. Three stacking techniques, namely, feed-forward neural networks, support vector regressors, and k-nearest neighbor regressors, have been examined and compared to combine the prediction outputs of base learners. Most of the examined stacking models have been found capable to predict the solar radiation, but those related to combining heterogeneous models using neural meta-models have shown superior performance. Furthermore, we have compared the performance of combined models against recurrent models. The solar radiation predictions of the surveyed models have been evaluated and compared over an entire year. The performance enhancements provided by each alternative ensemble have been discussed.
Wave Analysis for In-Plane Vibration of Angular and Curved Frames
Authors: Syam B. K. , Sarkar Abhijit 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In many structural applications like bridges, arches, etc., frames are used, and it is important to study their dynamic behavior. Finite element method (FEM) is usually used for computational simulation of vibration for such frame structures. However, FEM simulations for high frequency are computationally intensive and lack accuracy. This paper proposes a wave propagation-based approach for the vibration analysis of a frame having angular and curved joints. The reflection and transmission matrices for the joints are derived using the kinematic compatibility and equilibrium conditions. Reflection, transmission, and propagation matrices are assembled leading to matrix equation terms of the wave amplitudes. Modal analysis and harmonic analysis of frames having curved and angular joints are performed using the present formulation. The frequency response function for point harmonic forcing acting on such structures is also presented. The formulation and the results are non-dimensionalized for wider applicability. The results obtained using the present formulation are compared with those obtained through FEM simulation in a commercial package. It is found that the results obtained using the two methods are in excellent correlation. The computational efficiency of the present method over FEM simulation is also reported.
Wake and Performance Predictions of Two- and Three-Bladed Wind Turbines Based on the Actuator Line Model1
Authors: Henao Garcia Sebastian , Benavides-Morán Aldo , Lopez Mejia Omar D. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper challenges the standard wind turbine design numerically assessing the wake and aerodynamic performance of two- and three-bladed wind turbine models implementing downwind and upwind rotor configurations, respectively. The simulations are conducted using the actuator line model (ALM) coupled with a three-dimensional Navier Stokes solver implementing the k−ω shear stress transport turbulence model. The sensitivity of the ALM to multiple simulation parameters is analyzed in detail and numerical results are compared against experimental data. These analyses highlight the most suitable Gaussian radius at the rotor to be equal to twice the chord length at 95% of the blade for a tip-speed ratio (TSR) of ten, while the Gaussian radius at the tower and the number of actuator points have a low incidence on the flow field computations overall. The numerical axial velocity profiles show better agreement upstream than downstream the rotor, while the discrepancies are not consistent through all the assessed operating conditions, thus highlighting that the ALM parameters are also dependent on the wind turbine's operating conditions rather than being merely geometric parameters. Particularly, for the upwind three-bladed wind turbine model, the accuracy of the total thrust computations improves as the TSR increases, while the least accurate wake predictions are found for its design TSR. Finally, when comparing both turbine models, an accurate representation of the downwind configuration is observed as well as realistic power extraction estimates. Indeed, the results confirm that rotors with fewer blades are more suitable to operate at high TSRs.
Discordance of Tracer Transport and Particulate Matter Fate in a Baffled Clarification System
Authors: Li Haochen , Balachandar S. , Sansalone John 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Large eddy simulation (LES) and coupled physical laboratory-scale modeling are performed to elucidate tracer transport and particulate matter (PM) fate in a baffled clarification system. Such baffled systems are common for urban water unit operations and processes. Flow hydrodynamic indices of these systems such as short-circuiting are often examined with measurement of inert tracer transport as a surrogate for chemical or PM transport and fate. Results of this study illustrate complex interactions between turbulent flow, tracer, and various PM diameters at the system scale. PM preferential accumulation and the discordance of PM transport with respect to flow hydrodynamics are observed based on the modeling results; otherwise not practical with physical model testing. Results demonstrate that baffling can promote system tracer mixing and improve volumetric utilization by extending the mean flow path through flow separation and bifurcation. The baffle tested produced high turbulence kinetic energy near the sedimentation floor and reduced PM separation (clarification) as compared to the unbaffled system used as a control. The unbaffled system in this study yields the highest PM separation, even though significant short-circuiting occurs during the residence time distribution (RTD) of the tracer. Further analysis demonstrates the mechanistic difference between the tracer transport and the finer suspended PM as compared to larger settleable and sediment PM diameters. Results illustrate that the tracer RTD, residence time (RT) and hydraulic efficiency indices are not reliable surrogates for PM or PM-bound chemical/pathogen separation. In addition, simulations suggest a site, system or condition-specific design approach given the coupled dependence on flow and design geometry.