bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analisis Hukum Penggunaan Mata Uang Asing Dalam Transaksi Jual Beli Di Indonesia
Authors: Siddiq Fikri Ainur 
Published: November 2021

Jual beli merupakan suatu perjanjian yang sering terjadi di dalam masyarakat, tepat praktek jual beli mudah dijumpai di pasar, setia penjual dan pembeli memiliki suatu kewajiban, kewajiban penjual yaitu memberikan barang jualannya kepada pembeli dan kewajiban pembeli yaitu memberikan uangnya terhadap penjual. Pada masa pandemi COVID-19 masyarakat Indonesia dikejutkan dengan sebuah berita viral di media sosial dangan adanya sbuah pasal muamalah yang terletak di Tanah Baru, Depok, Jawa Barat. Dalam prakteknya pasar tersebut menggunakan mata uang dinar dan dirham sebagai alat transaksi pembayaran. Penelitian menggunakan metode normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan.
Mata uang dinar dan dirham merupakan bukan mata uang sah sebagai alat transaksi pembarayaran dalam jual beli di negara Indonesia, sebagai negara hukum mengani masalah mata uang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2011 tentang Mata Uang. Dalam undang-undang tersebut menyatakan rupiah sebagai mata uang yang sebagai alat transaksi pembayaran jual beli. Setiap orang dilarang menggunkan mata uang selain rupiah sebagai alat transaksi pembayaran di Wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia, apabila seseorang melanggar larangan tersebut dikenakan sansksi pidana paling lama pidana kurungan satu tahun dan denda sebanyak dua ratus juta rupiah.
Dengan adanya larangan pengguanaan mata uang selain rupiah sebagai alat pembayaran, maka perjanjian jual beli yang terjadi di pasar muamalah tersebut harus diketahui keabsahannya, suatu perjanjian dikatakan sah apabila memenuhi sayarat-syarat sahnya perjnajian yang diatur dalam palal 1320 KUHperdata, adapun syarat sahnya perjanjian yaitu : adanya kata sepakat, cakap hukum, suatu hal tertentu, dan sebab yang halal. Jadi perjanjian jual beli tersebut tidak sah secara hukum dan batal demi hukum karena tidak memenuhi salah satu syarat sahnya perjanjian mengenai suatu sebab yang halah yang mempunayi pengertian perjanjian yang dibuat harus tida bertentangan dengan kesusialaan dan undang-undang, yang menggunakan mata uang dinar dan dirham sebagai alat transaksi pembayaran.
Novel Small-Molecule Troponin Activator Increases Cardiac Contractile Function Without Negative Impact on Energetics
Authors: He Huamei , Baka Tomas , Balschi James , Motani Alykhan S. , Nguyen Kathy K. , Liu Qingxiang , Slater Rebecca , Rock Brooke , Wang Chen , Hale Christopher , Karamanlidis Georgios , Hartman James J. , Malik Fady I. , Reagan Jeff D. , Luptak Ivan 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Current heart failure therapies unload the failing heart without targeting the underlying problem of reduced cardiac contractility. Traditional inotropes (ie, calcitropes) stimulate contractility via energetically costly augmentation of calcium cycling and worsen patient survival. A new class of agents—myotropes—activates the sarcomere directly, independent of calcium. We hypothesize that a novel myotrope TA1 increases contractility without the deleterious myocardial energetic impact of a calcitrope dobutamine.

Methods:

We determined the effect of TA1 in bovine cardiac myofibrils and human cardiac microtissues, ex vivo in mouse cardiac fibers and in vivo in anesthetized normal rats. Effects of increasing concentrations of TA1 or dobutamine on contractile function, phosphocreatine and ATP concentrations, and ATP production were assessed by
31
P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy on isolated perfused rat hearts.

Results:

TA1 increased the rate of myosin ATPase activity in isolated bovine myofibrils and calcium sensitivity in intact mouse papillary fibers. Contractility increased dose dependently in human cardiac microtissues and in vivo in rats as assessed by echocardiography. In isolated rat hearts, TA1 and dobutamine similarly increased the rate-pressure product. Dobutamine increased both developed pressure and heart rate accompanied by decreased phosphocreatine-to-ATP ratio and decreased free energy of ATP hydrolysis (ΔG
~ATP
) and elevated left ventricular end diastolic pressure. In contrast, the TA1 increased developed pressure without any effect on heart rate, left ventricular end diastolic pressure, phosphocreatine/ATP ratio, or ΔG
~ATP
.

Conclusions:
Novel myotrope TA1 increased myocardial contractility by sensitizing the sarcomere to calcium without impairing diastolic function or depleting the cardiac energy reserve. Since energetic depletion negatively correlates with long-term survival, myotropes may represent a superior alternative to traditional inotropes in heart failure management.
Blood Pressure, Hypertension, and the Risk of Aortic Dissection Incidence and Mortality: Results From the J-SCH Study, the UK Biobank Study, and a Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies
Authors: Hibino Makoto , Otaki Yoichiro , Kobeissi Elsa , Pan Han , Hibino Hiromi , Taddese Henock , Majeed Azeem , Verma Subodh , Konta Tsuneo , Yamagata Kunihiro , Fujimoto Shouichi , Tsuruya Kazuhiko , Narita Ichiei , Kasahara Masato , Shibagaki Yugo , Iseki Kunitoshi , Moriyama Toshiki , Kondo Masahide , Asahi Koichi , Watanabe Tsuyoshi , Watanabe Tetsu , Watanabe Masafumi , Aune Dagfinn 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Hypertension or elevated blood pressure (BP) is an important risk factor for aortic dissection (AD); however, few prospective studies on this topic have been published. We investigated the association between hypertension/elevated BP and AD in 2 cohorts and conducted a meta-analysis of published prospective studies, including these 2 studies.

Methods:
We analyzed data from the J-SHC study (Japan-Specific Health Checkups) and UK Biobank, which prospectively followed up 534 378 and 502 424 participants, respectively. Multivariable Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% CIs for the association of hypertension/elevated BP with AD incidence in the UK Biobank and AD mortality in the J-SHC Study. In the meta-analysis, summary relative risks were calculated with random-effects models. A potential nonlinear dose-response relationship between BP and AD was tested with fractional polynomial models, and the best-fitting second-order fractional polynomial regression model was determined.

Results:

In the J-SHC study and UK Biobank, there were 84 and 182 ADs during the 4- and 9-year follow-up, and the adjusted hazard ratios of AD were 3.57 (95% CI, 2.17–6.11) and 2.68 (95% CI, 1.78–4.04) in hypertensive individuals, 1.33 (95% CI, 1.05–1.68) and 1.27 (95% CI, 1.11–1.48) per 20–mm Hg increase in systolic BP (SBP), and 1.67 (95% CI, 1.40–2.00) and 1.66 (95% CI, 1.46–1.89) per 10-mm Hg increase in diastolic BP (DBP), respectively. In the meta-analysis, the summary relative risks were 3.07 (95% CI, 2.15–4.38,
I
2
=76.7%, n=7 studies, 2818 ADs, 4 563 501 participants) for hypertension and 1.39 (95% CI, 1.16–1.66,
I
2
=47.7%, n=3) and 1.79 (95% CI: 1.51–2.12,
I
2
= 57.0%, n=3) per 20–mm Hg increase in SBP and per 10–mm Hg increase in DBP, respectively. The AD risk showed a strong, positive dose-response relationship with SBP and even more so with DBP. The risk of AD in the nonlinear dose-response analysis was significant at SBP >132 mm Hg and DBP >75 mm Hg.

Conclusions:
Hypertension and elevated SBP and DBP are associated with a high risk of AD. The risk of AD was positively dose dependent, even within the normal BP range. These findings provide further evidence for the optimization of BP to prevent AD.
Polatuzumab vedotin plus bendamustine and rituximab in relapsed/refractory DLBCL: survival update and new extension cohort data
Authors: Sehn Laurie H. , Hertzberg Mark , Opat Stephen , Herrera Alex F. , Assouline Sarit , Flowers Christopher R. , Kim Tae Min , McMillan Andrew , Ozcan Muhit , Safar Violaine , Salles Gilles , Ku Grace , Hirata Jamie , Chang Yi Meng , Musick Lisa , Matasar Matthew J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Polatuzumab vedotin plus bendamustine and rituximab (pola + BR) received regulatory approvals for relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (R/R DLBCL) based on primary results from the randomized arms of the GO29365 study. After the randomized phase, 106 additional patients received pola + BR in a single-arm extension cohort. We report updated results from the randomized arms and results of the extension cohort. In this phase 1b/2 study, patients with R/R DLBCL who were transplant ineligible received up to six 21-day cycles of pola + BR or BR. The primary end point of the randomized arms was the complete response (CR) rate at end of treatment. Primary objectives of the extension cohort were safety, pharmacokinetic profile, and efficacy of pola + BR. As of 7 July 2020, a total of 192 patients with R/R DLBCL were enrolled in the pola + BR cohort (n = 152 [safety run-in, n = 6; randomized, n = 40; extension cohort, n = 106]) or the BR cohort (n = 40). Significant survival benefit with pola + BR vs BR persisted in the randomized arms (median progression-free survival, 9.2 vs 3.7 months [hazard ratio, 0.39; 95% confidence interval, 0.23-0.66]; median overall survival, 12.4 vs 4.7 months [hazard ratio, 0.42; 95% confidence interval, 0.24-0.72]). In the extension cohort, the independent review committee–assessed objective response rate was 41.5%, and the CR rate was 38.7%; median independent review committee–assessed progression-free survival and overall survival were 6.6 months and 12.5 months, respectively. No new safety signals with pola + BR were identified. Pola + BR is an effective treatment option for patients with R/R DLBCL, with a well-characterized and manageable safety profile. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02257567.
Improving retention of community-recruited participants in HIV prevention research through Saturday household visits; findings from the HPTN 071 (PopART) study in South Africa
Authors: Bell-Mandla N. F. , Sloot R. , Maarman G. , Griffith S. , Moore A. , Floyd S. , Hayes R. , Fidler S. , Ayles H. , Bock P. ,   on behalf of the HPTN 071 (PopART) study team
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Identifying successful strategies to improve participant retention in longitudinal studies remains a challenge. In this study we evaluated whether non-traditional fieldworker shifts (after hours during the week and weekends) enhanced participant retention when compared to retention during traditional weekday shifts in the HPTN 071 (PopART) population cohort (PC).

Methods
HPTN 071 (PopART) PC participants were recruited and followed up in their homes on an annual basis by research fieldworkers over a 3-4 year period. The average number of successful follow-up visits, where a PC participant was found and retained in the study, was calculated for each of 3 visit schedules (early weekday shift, late weekday shift, and Saturday shift), and standardized to account for variation in fieldwork shift duration. We used one-way univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) to describe differences in mean-successful visits and 95% confidence intervals between the shift types.

Results
Data on 16 651 successful visits were included. Successful visit rates were higher when conducting Saturday visits (14.0; 95% CI: 11.3-16.6) compared to both regular (4.5; 95% CI: 3.7-5.3) and late weekday shifts (5.3; 95% CI: 4.7-5.8) overall and in all subgroup analyses (P<0.001). The successful visit rate was higher amongst women than men were during all shift types (3.2 vs. 1.3, p<0.001). Successful visit rates by shift type did not differ significantly by age, over time, by PC round or by community triplet.

Conclusion
The number of people living with HIV continues to increase annually. High quality evidence from longitudinal studies remains critical for evaluating HIV prevention and treatment strategies. This study showed a significant benefit on participant retention through introduction of Saturday shifts for home visits and these data can make an important contribution to the emerging body of evidence for improving retention in longitudinal research.

Trial registration
PopART was approved by the Stellenbosch University Health Research Ethics Committees (N12/11/074), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (6326) ethics committee and the Division of AIDS (DAIDS) (Protocol ID 11865). PopART was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (registration number NCT01900977).
Myocardial inflammation and energetics by cardiac MRI: a review of emerging techniques
Authors: Tsampasian Vasiliki , Swift Andrew J. , Assadi Hosamadin , Chowdhary Amrit , Swoboda Peter , Sammut Eva , Dastidar Amardeep , Cabrero Jordi Broncano , Del Val Javier Royuela , Nair Sunil , Nijveldt Robin , Ryding Alisdair , Sawh Chris , Bucciarelli-Ducci Chiara , Levelt Eylem , Vassiliou Vassilios , Garg Pankaj 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe role of inflammation in cardiovascular pathophysiology has gained a lot of research interest in recent years. Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance has been a powerful tool in the non-invasive assessment of inflammation in several conditions. More recently, Ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide have been successfully used to evaluate macrophage activity and subsequently inflammation on a cellular level. Current evidence from research studies provides encouraging data and confirms that this evolving method can potentially have a huge impact on clinical practice as it can be used in the diagnosis and management of very common conditions such as coronary artery disease, ischaemic and non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy, myocarditis and atherosclerosis. Another important emerging concept is that of myocardial energetics. With the use of phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy, myocardial energetic compromise has been proved to be an important feature in the pathophysiological process of several conditions including diabetic cardiomyopathy, inherited cardiomyopathies, valvular heart disease and cardiac transplant rejection. This unique tool is therefore being utilized to assess metabolic alterations in a wide range of cardiovascular diseases. This review systematically examines these state-of-the-art methods in detail and provides an insight into the mechanisms of action and the clinical implications of their use.
Effect of maternal BMI on labor outcomes in primigravida pregnant women
Authors: Khalifa Eissa , El-Sateh Alaa , Zeeneldin Mohamed , Abdelghany Ahmed M. , Hosni Mahmoud , Abdallah Ameer , Salama Sameh , Abdel-Rasheed Mazen , Mohammad Hashem 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
This study aims to detect the effects of increased BMI on labor outcomes in primigravida pregnant women.

Methods
A cross-sectional study involved 600 full-term singleton primigravida pregnant women who presented in the active phase of labor to the labor ward. They were divided according to BMI into three equals groups; women with normal BMI (group I), overweight women (group II), and women with class I obesity (group III).

Results
We found that high BMI was associated with a significantly increased risk of Caesarean section (C.S.) (13% in group I, 18% in group II and 40% in group III). Women with higher BMI and delivered vaginally had a significantly prolonged first and second stage of labor, consequently increased the need for oxytocin augmentation as well as the oxytocin dose. Regarding the maternal and fetal outcomes, there are significantly increased risks of postpartum sepsis, perineal tears, wound infection, as well as significantly increased birth weight and longer neonatal stay in the neonatal unit (NNU).

Conclusion
Obese primigravida pregnant women were at higher risk of suboptimal outcomes. Besides, prolonged first and second stages of labor and the incidence of C.S. have also been increased.
Characteristics in gut microbiome is associated with chemotherapy-induced pneumonia in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Liu Xiaoming , Zou Yao , Zhang Yingchi , Liu Lipeng , Duan Yongjuan , Zhang Aoli , Zhang Xiaoyan , Zhang Ranran , Zhao Beibei , Li Xiaolan , Wei Tong , He Hongrui , Gan Yu , Wang Kejian , Zhu Xiaofan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) undergoing chemotherapy experience a relatively high risk of infection. And the disturbance of gut microbiota is generally believed to impair intestinal barrier function and may induce bacterial infections and inflammation. The study aimed to investigate the alterations in the gut microbiota and assess its relationship with chemotherapy-induced pneumonia in pediatric ALL patients.

Methods
We conducted a case–control study with 14 cases affected by pneumonia and 44 unaffected subjects and characterized the physiological parameters and gut microbiota by microarray-based technique.

Results
There were significant differences in α- and β-diversity in the affected group compared with the control group. At species level, the LEfSe analysis revealed that Enterococcus malodoratus, Ochrobactrum anthropi and Actinomyces cardiffensis were significantly abundant in the affected subjects. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve yielded the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.773 for classification between the two groups. In addition, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways involved in the bacterial secretion system were more enriched in the affected group than in the control group.

Conclusions
Gut microbiota alteration was associated with chemotherapy-induced pneumonia in pediatric ALL patients, which provided a new perspective on the personalized clinical care of pediatric ALL.
Body mass index and physical activity in seven-year-old children whose mothers exercised during pregnancy: follow-up of a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Bjøntegaard Karen Alterhaug , Stafne Signe Nilssen , Mørkved Siv , Salvesen Kjell Åsmund , Evensen Kari Anne I. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
There are limited data on long-term outcomes of children whose mothers have followed exercise interventions during pregnancy. The aim of this paper was to investigate whether regular moderate intensity exercise during pregnancy affected the children’s body mass index (BMI) and physical activity (PA) at 7 years of age, and determine the relationship between children’s and mothers’ BMI and PA.

Methods
This was a follow-up of a multicentre randomised controlled trial, carried out at St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, and Stavanger University Hospital, Norway (2007–2009 and 2014–2016). Women were randomised to follow a 12-week structured exercise protocol or standard antenatal care during pregnancy. At the 7-year follow-up, parents reported their child’s height, weight, and PA. The mothers also reported their own weight and PA. Main outcome variables were BMI, frequency and duration of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), and intensity of PA.

Results
A total of 855 women were randomised to exercise (n = 429) or standard antenatal care (n = 426) during pregnancy. At follow-up, 164 (38.2%) children and mothers in the intervention group and 117 (27.5%) in the control group participated. We found no group differences in the children’s iso-BMI or PA. Findings were similar when we performed stratified analyses by sex, except boys in the control group spent more time on electrical devices than boys in the intervention group. Subgroup analyses of children of mothers who adhered to the exercise protocol and sensitivity analyses excluding children born preterm, children admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, and children with diseases or health problems at the 7-year follow-up, did not change the results. Children’s BMI, weekly leisure time MVPA and intensity of PA correlated with mothers’ BMI, daily exercise, and intensity of exercise.

Conclusions
Regular moderate intensity exercise during pregnancy did not affect BMI or PA of the children at 7 years. Good maternal health should be encouraged as it may influence the health of the next generation.

Trial registration
The initial RCT study was registered in ClinicalTrials.govNCT00476567.
Advance directives and end-of-life care preferences among adults in Wuhan, China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ni Ping , Wu Bei , Lin Huijing , Mao Jing 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Little is known about advance directives (ADs) and end-of-life (EOL) care preferences among the general population in Mainland China. This study aimed to describe knowledge and attitudes of ADs and EOL care preferences, and to explore factors related to preferences for ADs among Chinese adults.

Methods
The sample included 1114 adult participants in Wuhan, Mainland China. A brief message including the link to the online survey was sent to local residents who were registered at household registration management centers in Wuhan. The questionnaire included information regarding demographics, self-rated health, views on ADs and EOL care. Bivariate analyses and binary forward logistic regression were conducted to examine factors related to ADs preferences of Chinese adults.

Results
The average age of the sample was 48.0 years and more than half of the sample was female. 81.8% had never heard of ADs, but 86.6% indicated that they might create one after learning what ADs were. 58% would choose hospice care if they were terminally ill whereas 48.7% of the participants wanted to die at home. 92.3% would want to know their diagnosis and prognosis if ill; however, if their family members were diagnosed with an incurable disease, 50.5% would not tell their ill family member the actual diagnosis and prognosis. Those who had heard of ADs (OR = 1.567, p < 0.001), earned an associate’s degree (OR = 2.448, p < 0.001) or a bachelor’s degree or higher (OR = 2.382, p < 0.001), and self-rated their health as very poor/poor (OR = 1.002, p = 0.001) were more likely to be willing to make an AD than their counterparts. However, those who were single (OR = 0.149, p < 0.001) or widowed /divorced/separated (OR = 0.405, p = 0.001) were less likely to be willing to make an AD than the married ones.

Conclusions
Chinese adults showed positive attitudes towards ADs. There is an urgent need to promote more educational initiatives and raise awareness on the importance of ADs. It is important to develop more policies and legislation about ADs to improve the quality of EOL care in Mainland China.