bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total x-ray scattering setup for crystalline particles at SPring-8 BL15XU NIMS beamline
Authors: Seo Okkyun , Kumara L. S. R. , Kim Jaemyung , Hiroi Satoshi , Kusada Kohei , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Sakata Osami 
Published: November 2021

We report a total x-ray scattering (TXS) system for structural analysis of crystalline particle materials at the BL15XU NIMS beamline of SPring-8 in Japan. To achieve a high angular resolution over a high Q region up to 25 Å−1, the TXS system was capable of measuring to 120° at an x-ray energy of 29.02 keV with five CdTe pin detectors. The sample alignment and measuring system were controlled by LabView software. The x-ray pair distribution function (PDF) results for Ni bulk powder and Pt and AgRh nanoparticles were successfully simulated by the PDFgui program. In addition, Rietveld refinement results were also obtained from x-ray diffraction patterns, reflecting long-range order in the Pt nanoparticles. We expect that this TXS system may be useful for understanding structural information of crystalline nanoparticles, including amorphous features at their surface region.
The accuracy of genomic prediction for meat quality traits in Hanwoo cattle when using genotypes from different SNP densities and preselected variants from imputed whole genome sequence
Authors: Bedhane Mohammed , van der Werf Julius , de las Heras-Saldana Sara , Lim Dajeong , Park Byoungho , Na Park Mi , Seung Hee Roh , Clark Samuel 
Published: November 2021

Context Genomic prediction is the use of genomic data in the estimation of genomic breeding values (GEBV) in animal breeding. In beef cattle breeding programs, genomic prediction increases the rates of genetic gain by increasing the accuracy of selection at earlier ages. Aims The objectives of the study were to examine the effect of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) density and to evaluate the effect of using SNPs preselected from imputed whole-genome sequence for genomic prediction. Methods Genomic and phenotypic data from 2110 Hanwoo steers were used to predict GEBV for marbling score (MS), meat texture (MT), and meat colour (MC) traits. Three types of SNP densities including 50k, high-density (HD), and whole-genome sequence data and preselected SNPs from genome-wide association study (GWAS) were used for genomic prediction analyses. Two scenarios (independent and dependent discovery populations) were used to select top significant SNPs. The accuracy of GEBV was assessed using random cross-validation. Genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) was used to predict the breeding values for each trait. Key results Our result showed that very similar prediction accuracies were observed across all SNP densities used in the study. The prediction accuracy among traits ranged from 0.29 ± 0.05 for MC to 0.46 ± 0.04 for MS. Depending on the studied traits, up to 5% of prediction accuracy improvement was obtained when the preselected SNPs from GWAS analysis were included in the prediction analysis. Conclusions High SNP density such as HD and the whole-genome sequence data yielded a similar prediction accuracy in Hanwoo beef cattle. Therefore, the 50K SNP chip panel is sufficient to capture the relationships in a breed with a small effective population size such as the Hanwoo cattle population. Preselected variants improved prediction accuracy when they were included in the genomic prediction model. Implications The estimated genomic prediction accuracies are moderately accurate in Hanwoo cattle and for searching for SNPs that are more productive could increase the accuracy of estimated breeding values for the studied traits.
Multispecific targeting of glioblastoma with tumor microenvironment-responsive multifunctional engineered NK cells
Authors: Wang Jiao , Toregrosa-Allen Sandra , Elzey Bennett D. , Utturkar Sagar , Lanman Nadia Atallah , Bernal-Crespo Victor , Behymer Matthew M. , Knipp Gregory T. , Yun Yeonhee , Veronesi Michael C. , Sinn Anthony L. , Pollok Karen E. , Brutkiewicz Randy R. , Nevel Kathryn S. , Matosevic Sandro 
Published: November 2021

SignificanceGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive brain cancer and highly resistant to therapy, including immunotherapies. It is able to escape immune recognition due to its high heterogeneity, active immunometabolic suppression, and antigen escape mechanisms. Here, we describe an immunotherapy centered around human natural killer (NK) cells engineered to simultaneously target these pathways of immune resistance. These engineered NK cells are able to block adenosine signaling in GBM via CD73 while avoiding antigen escape. We also uncover the functional cooperation between these cells’ intratumoral infiltration and impaired autophagy in GBM as a powerful approach to traffick NK cells into the GBM niche. This NK cell–based immunotherapy provides opportunities to broaden the breadth and versatility of current therapeutic regimens for GBM.
Steady agronomic and genetic interventions are essential for sustaining productivity in intensive rice cropping
Authors: Ladha Jagdish K. , Radanielson Ando M. , Rutkoski Jessica Elaine , Buresh Roland J. , Dobermann Achim , Angeles Olivyn , Pabuayon Irish Lorraine B. , Santos-Medellín Christian , Fritsche-Neto Roberto , Chivenge Pauline , Kohli Ajay 
Published: November 2021

SignificanceSteady agronomic and genetic interventions helped sustain high annual rice production in an intensive irrigated monoculture system under a changing climate. However, the system did not achieve the increases in yield required to keep pace with the growing global demand for rice because annual yield potential was stagnant, and apparent biotic constraints limited yield in the wet season.
Mixed computation
Authors: Krivochen Diego Gabriel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractProof-theoretic models of grammar are based on the view that an explicit characterization of a language comes in the form of the recursive enumeration of strings in that language. That recursive enumeration is carried out by a procedure which strongly generates a set of structural descriptions Σ and weakly generates a set of strings S; a grammar is thus a function that pairs an element of Σ with elements of S. Structural descriptions are obtained by means of Context-Free phrase structure rules or via recursive combinatorics and structure is assumed to beuniform: binary branching trees all the way down. In this work we will analyse natural language constructions for which such a rigid conception of phrase structure is descriptively inadequate and propose a solution for the problem of phrase structure grammars assigning too much or too little structure to natural language strings: we propose that the grammar can oscillate between levels of computational complexity in local domains, which correspond to elementary trees in a lexicalised Tree Adjoining Grammar.
Evaluating selection criteria for optimized excitation coils in magnetorelaxometry imaging
Authors: Schier P , Coene A , Jaufenthaler A , Baumgarten D 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objective. Magnetorelaxometry imaging (MRXI) is an experimental imaging technique applicable for noninvasive, qualitative and quantitative imaging of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Accurate reconstructions of nanoparticle distributions are crucial for several novel treatment methods employing MNPs such as magnetic drug targeting or magnetic hyperthermia therapy. Hence, it is desirable to design MRXI setups such that the reconstruction accuracy is maximized for a given set of design parameters. Several attempts exist in literature that focus on the improvement of MRXI and other related linear inverse problems with respect to various figures of merit. However, to date it remains unclear, which approach leads to the largest benefit for the reconstruction accuracy. Thus, the aim of this study is to compare the different figures of merit, thereby determining the most reliable and effective optimization approach for magnetorelaxometry setups. Approach. In the present simulation study, we translate these figures of merit to various cost functions, allowing us to optimize the electromagnetic coil positions and radii of two distinct MRXI setups with an adapted tabu search algorithm. Multiple artificial MNP phantoms are reconstructed employing the optimized setups and the resulting imaging qualities are subsequently compared. Main results. The extensive amount of generated synthetic data unprecedented in previous MRXI studies identifies the condition number as the most reliable indicator for good imaging results. This is the case for both the qualitative as well as the quantitative reconstruction accuracies. Significance. The results of this study show that optimized coil configurations increase the reconstruction quality compared to the state-of-the-art. The insights obtained here can also be extended to other design parameters of MRXI setups, thus enabling more reliable reconstructions of MNP ensembles which will ultimately render the aforementioned treatment methods safer and more efficient.
Monitoring of stress variation of strands in prestressed concrete by second harmonic generation measurements based on piezoelectric sensors
Authors: Chen Jun , Wan Xiaohan , Guo Quanquan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The stress loss of prestressed concrete may cause the ultimate failure of structures and the monitoring of stress variation of prestressed structures is therefore important to ensure the service safety. This paper developed a nondestructive evaluation method of nonlinear ultrasonic second harmonic generation (SHG) based on piezoelectric (PZT) sensors and applied for the distinction of different stress level of post-tensioned steel strands in concrete. The nonlinear ultrasonic behavior of both free strand and embedded strand having different length is studied with the developed SHG technique and a defined nonlinear parameter is introduced in SHG experiments to correlate with the tension stress in the strand. It is found that the nonlinear parameter has a negative correlation with the increasing stress of strand in both free and embedded case, indicating the nonlinear ultrasonic behavior is getting weak corresponding to the increasing contact force among strand wires. In addition, the decreasing ratio of nonlinear parameter is very close to each other regardless of the length of steel strand, indicating the possibility of replacing the large-scale on-site testing with scaled down samples in laboratory. The experimental results of this research demonstrate that the SHG technique based on PZT sensors could be useful for the stress monitoring of prestressed reinforced concrete with consideration of the relatively high sensitivity of nonlinear parameter to the variation of contact force of strand wires.
Investigation of vortex arms in electron vortices by counter-rotating elliptically polarized attosecond laser pulses
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Zhen Qi , Sun Yue , Chen Jia-He , Liu Xue-Shen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We theoretically investigate the vortex patterns in photoelectron momentum distributions of He+ driven by counter-rotating elliptically polarized, time delayed attosecond laser pulses by numerically solving the two-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation. It is found that the number of vortex arms is extremely sensitive to the ellipticity and wavelength of counter-rotating elliptically polarized laser pulses, which is illustrated by the attosecond perturbation ionization models. In addition, the effect of different time delays between two pulses on the interference patterns is also investigated and the corresponding physical mechanism is demonstrated. Since the wavelength, ellipticity and time delay have a significant effect on the vortex interference patterns, this may be a new method for laser field detection.
Tungsten–carbon surface evolution and erosion modeling for a small angle slot divertor in DIII-D
Authors: Brooks J.N. , Sizyuk T. , Sinclair G. , Hassanein A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We modeled tungsten–carbon mixed surface evolution, sputtering erosion, and transport for the tungsten coated region of a small angle slot (SAS) divertor design for the DIII-D tokamak. This divertor concept aims to achieve a closed slot dissipative plasma to minimize heat load and surface erosion, and to study high-Z material performance. Our advanced simulations use coupled ITMC-DYN material mixing/response and 3D full kinetic REDEP/WBC erosion/redeposition code packages, with divertor plasma solution from the SOLPS-ITER package with 4 MW power input. The SAS design geometry and resulting in-slot plasma parameters cause significant differences in predicted sputter/transport from a conventional divertor. For 2% C/D incident plasma ratio, an equilibrium mixed C/W surface is attained at ∼30 s of discharge, from wall sputtered carbon transported to the 10 cm long tungsten divertor region. Tungsten remains exposed to the plasma, but the evolved surface composition varies with different C/D ratios. Tungsten is primarily sputtered from the mixed surface by impinging carbon ions in the +1 to +4 charge states, with some self-sputtering. Redeposition of sputtered tungsten to the divertor is significant, ∼80% along the higher plasma temperature attached plasma SAS entrance region, but this is less than the typically near-unity values for a conventional divertor. Plasma-incident carbon is highly backscattered (∼50%) from the mixed surface, with little redeposition (<10%); this helps maintain tungsten in the surface sputter zone. Carbon is mainly sputtered from the mixed surface by D+ ions, also with low redeposition (∼10%–30%). Finally, the modeling shows non-zero but low sputtered tungsten current from the divertor to the core plasma direction. These results appear favorable for effective testing of a tungsten-containing SAS divertor in DIII-D, and extrapolation of mixed-material evolution/response findings to the analogous low-Z/high-Z, Be/W, ITER plasma facing system.
A Novel coarse-to-fine Localization Algorithm for Automated Vickers Hardness Measurement
Authors: Zexian Li , Feng Yin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Vickers hardness testing is one of the most useful methods to determine the hardness of materials. To calculate the hardness of materials, the key is to measure the diagonal length of the Vickers indentation on the surface accurately. However, since this length is extremely minuscule, there are many challenges to achieve accurate measurement. Especially, when the indentation corner is cracked, the precise position of the corner cannot be obtained by conventional methods. In this paper, we proposed a method of coarse-to-fine localization to accurately locate the indentation corner. The coarse localization process can be used to determine the position and size of the indentation. During fine localization, the linear equations of the indentation edges are calculated by the line fitting method. The capabilities of the proposed method are compared to manual measurement and results are presented.
Liquid argon characterization of the X-ARAPUCA with alpha particles, gamma rays and cosmic muons
Authors: Souza H.V. , Segreto E. , Machado A.A. , Sarmento R.R. , Bazetto M.C.Q. , Paulucci L. , Marinho F. , Pimentel V.L. , Demolin F.L. , de Souza G. , Fauth A.C. , Ayala-Torres M.A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The X-ARAPUCA device is the baseline choice for the photon
detection system of the first far detector module of the DUNE
experiment. We present the results of the first complete
characterization of a small scale X-ARAPUCA prototype, which is a
slice of a full DUNE module. Its total detection efficiency in
liquid argon was measured with three different ionizing radiations:
α particles, γ's and muons and resulted to be
∼2.2% when the active silicon photomultipliers were biased at
+5.0 V
of over voltage, corresponding to a Photon Detection
Efficiency around 50% at room temperature. This value comfortably
satisfies the requirements of the first DUNE far detector module
(detection efficiency >2.0%) and allows to achieve an energy
resolution comparable to the one achievable with the Time Projection
Chambers for energies below 10 MeV, which is the region relevant
for Supernova neutrino detection.
Multipacting suppression of the HOM-damped 166.6-MHz β=1 quarter-wave superconducting cavities at HEPS
Authors: Guo L. , Zhang P. , Zhang X. , Zheng H. , Meng F. , Li Z. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A higher-order-mode (HOM) damped 166.6-MHz β=1
quarter-wave superconducting cavity has been designed for the High
Energy Photon Source project. Dangerous multipacting barriers have
to be removed by geometry optimizations in superconducting cavity
design while retaining favorable radiofrequency and mechanical
properties as well as sufficient HOM damping. Multipacting analysis
has been conducted on the cavity by using coupled simulation codes
comprising electromagnetic calculations and particle tracking. A
circular transition structure between the cavity and the beam pipe
was proposed to remove the high-field multipacting band by
eliminating the local minimum of the electric field thus preventing
the field-induced electrons from being trapped into the potential
well. The impacts of the geometric change on the cavities'
electromagnetic and mechanical properties as well as HOM damping
were examined. The deteriorated impedance of the first monopole HOM
can be recovered by a slightly enlarged beam pipe, while the total
loss factor has little change. The compact footprint of the cavity
module was maintained as required for a limited straight section
with a fixed length. Mechanical properties of the cavity were also
retained with an improved tuning sensitivity and frequency
stability. These constitute a first HOM-damped 166.6 MHz β=1
quarter-wave superconducting cavity with multipacting suppressed.
Development of a High Throughput PCIe Card for DAQ System in the ATLAS and DUNE Experiments
Authors: Chen K. , Tang S. , Chen H. , Schreuder F. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the Run 3 upgrade of ATLAS experiment, the FELIX
(Front-End LInk eXchange) system has been prepared as the interface
between front-end electronics and common Data Acquisition (DAQ)
systems. Based on a PCIe card hosted in commodity server, FELIX's
flexibilty makes it has also been adopted by other experiments, such
as the Single-Phase ProtoDUNE (Prototype for the Deep Underground
Neutrino Experiment), sPHENIX and CBM experiments. The same PCIe
based architecture is proposed for use in the ATLAS HL-LHC (High
Luminosity Large Hadron Collider) upgrade and the DUNE
experiment. To this end, the next generation of FELIX I/O card
FLX-801 has been developed. It supports 25+ Gbps high speed fiber
optical links and 16-lane Gen4 PCIe interface. There is an on-card
DDR4 module to buffer event data for DUNE experiment. This paper
reports on the test results for the demonstrator of this next
generation card, with which main functions have been successfully
evaluated.
Zonal shift in the cold airmass stream of the East Asian winter monsoon
Authors: Liu Qian , Chen Guixing 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) exhibits long-term variations in intensity and spatial pattern, though the latter one is less understood. To investigate the long-term spatial variations of the EAWM and their possible causes, we propose a new position index of the EAWM by quantifying the low-level East Asian stream (EAS) of cold airmass in the Lagrangian sense. Based on the new-defined index, we find that the EAS undergoes an evident zonal shift between two channels over the land and coast. At interdecadal timescale, the peak location of the EAS is displaced eastward, with an increasing southward cold airmass flux at the coast since the mid-1960s. The interannual shift of the EAS presents not only the zonal oscillation of peak location between two channels but also the width changes of coastal channel over the northwestern Pacific. These shifts in the EAS are related to the strength changes of two source cold airmass streams from Siberia or Bering Sea, which are associated with the phase changes in the upper-tropospheric atmospheric teleconnections. At interdecadal timescale, the phase change in the North Atlantic Oscillation modulates the zonal shift in the EAS via the East Atlantic-West Russia teleconnection. At interannual timescale, the Pacific/North American teleconnection becomes the dominant factor altering the zonal shift and width change of the EAS.
Reservoir regulation affects droughts and floods at local and regional scales
Authors: Brunner Manuela I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Hydrological extremes can be particularly impactful in catchments with high human presence where they are modulated by human intervention such as reservoir regulation. Still, we know little about how reservoir operation affects droughts and floods, particularly at a regional scale. Here, I present a large data set of natural and regulated catchment pairs in the United States and assess how reservoir regulation affects local and regional drought and flood characteristics. My results show that (1) reservoir regulation affects drought and flood hazard at a local scale by reducing severity (i.e. intensity/magnitude and deficit/volume) but increasing duration; (2) regulation affects regional hazard by reducing spatial flood connectedness (i.e. number of catchments a catchment co-experiences flood events with) in winter and by increasing spatial drought connectedness in summer; (3) the local alleviation effect is only weakly affected by reservoir purpose for both droughts and floods. I conclude that both local and regional flood and drought characteristics are substantially modulated by reservoir regulation, an aspect that should neither be neglected in hazard nor climate impact assessments.
Tetrahedron maps, Yang–Baxter maps, and partial linearisations
Authors: Igonin S , Kolesov V , Konstantinou-Rizos S , Preobrazhenskaia M M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We study tetrahedron maps, which are set-theoretical solutions to the Zamolodchikov tetrahedron equation, and Yang–Baxter maps, which are set-theoretical solutions to the quantum Yang–Baxter equation. In particular, we clarify the structure of the nonlinear algebraic relations which define linear (parametric) tetrahedron maps (with nonlinear dependence on parameters), and we present several transformations which allow one to obtain new such maps from known ones. Furthermore, we prove that the differential of a (nonlinear) tetrahedron map on a manifold is a tetrahedron map as well. Similar results on the differentials of Yang–Baxter and entwining Yang–Baxter maps are also presented. Using the obtained general results, we construct new examples of (parametric) Yang–Baxter and tetrahedron maps. The considered examples include maps associated with integrable systems and matrix groups. In particular, we obtain a parametric family of new linear tetrahedron maps, which are linear approximations for the nonlinear tetrahedron map constructed by Dimakis and Müller-Hoissen (2019 Lett. Math. Phys.
109 799–827) in a study of soliton solutions of vector Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equations. Also, we present invariants for this nonlinear tetrahedron map.