bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Characterization of Palladium Derivate‐Loaded Micelle Formulation in Vitro as an Innovative Therapy Option against Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Erkisa Merve , Ari Ferda , Büyükköroğlu Gülay , Şenel Behiye , Yilmaz Veysel Turan , Ulukaya Engin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNanoparticles have been used in cancer treatments to target tumor and reduce side effects. In this study, we aimed to increase the effectiveness of palladium(II) complex [PdCl(terpy)](sac) ⋅ 2H2O, which previously showed anticancer potential, by preparing the nanoparticle formulation. An inhalable micellar dispersion containing a palladium(II) complex (PdNP) was prepared and its physicochemical characteristics were evaluated using in vitro tests. Morphology, size and surface charges of particle and loading/encapsulation efficiency of PdNP were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, zeta sizer and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry while aerosol properties of PdNP were measured by the next generation impactor. A549 and H1299 non‐small lung cancer cell types were used for cytotoxicity using SRB and ATP assays. Fluorescent staining and M30 antigen assay were carried out for cell death evaluation. Apoptosis was confirmed by flow cytometry analyses.SEM, particle size, and zeta potential results showed the particles have inhalable properties. The amount of the palladium(II) complex loaded into the particles was quantified which indicated high encapsulation efficiencies (97 %). The micellar dispersion expected to reach the alveolar region and the brachial region was determined 35 % and 47 %, respectively. PdNP showed an anti‐growth effect by increasing reactive oxygen species that is followed by the induction of mitochondria‐dependent apoptosis that is evidenced by pyknotic nuclei and M30 antigen level increments and disruption of polarization of membrane in mitochondria (Δψm). The results show that PdNP might be a promising inhalable novel complex to be used in non‐small cell lung cancer, which warrants animal studies in further.
Individualizing risk assessment for conduction system injury after alcohol septal ablation
Authors: Postalian Alexander , Krajcer Zvonimir 
Published: August 2021

Key Points
Alcohol septal ablation (ASA) carries a greater risk of complete heart block (CHB) than surgical myectomy.
The authors propose a risk score to help determine patients' individual risk of CHB, using preprocedural, procedural, and postprocedural factors.
These data may help guide temporary pacing time and postdischarge rhythm monitoring of patients after ASA.
Further data are still needed to better individualize CHB risk and perhaps to inform the choice between ASA and surgical myectomy if the risk is low.
It is all about the beans: How chronic kidney disease can affect outcomes in peripheral intervention
Authors: Patel Nachiket J. , Heuser Richard R. 
Published: August 2021

Key Points
The study reported the difference in outcomes between CKD and non‐CKD patients undergoing infrainguinal revascularization.
There was no difference in procedural success or target vessel revascularization between the CKD and non‐CKD groups.
CKD patients had higher limb amputation and lower survival at 12‐months.
New TAVR item added to cart for large scale clinical testing
Authors: Belardi Jorge A. , Lamelas Pablo M. 
Published: August 2021

Key Points
There is no single TAVR prosthesis that can be considered ideal for all patients, needing the development of newer technologies.
The GENESIS trial tested 40 patients with the Hydra self‐expandable supra‐annular TAVR with promising results in terms of efficacy, paravalvular leak, and pacemaker risk.
Future larger experimental trials are needed to better understand its non‐inferiority to prior technologies.
Application of response surface methodology for optimization of wheat flour milling process
Authors: Kalitsis John , Minasny Budiman , Quail Ken , McBratney Alexander 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesFlour millers are faced with constraints of having to meet proximate specifications, usually defined by supply contracts, while trying to maximize yield. The study investigated the application of response surface methodology (RSM), in a commercial scale flour mill, as a means of maximizing yield while meeting quality constraints.FindingsThis study utilized a Box–Behnken design to develop mathematical models using RSM to describe the effect of three independent variables, wheat conditioning level (12%–18%), first break roll gap (350–600 µm), and second break roll gap (200–600 µm) on the responses. The model R2 for the responses was .98, .96, .98, and .98 for ash, protein and moisture contents, and flour yield, respectively. All models were statistically significant (p < .05) and validated with four independent experiments. RSM models were used to optimize the process to produce flour with a protein content greater than 12.0%, ash content less than 0.54%, moisture content less than 14.5%, and yield greater than 84.2% on a clean wheat, unconditioned basis. This was achieved with conditioning wheat to 18.4%, first break roll gap of 450 µm, and second break roll gap of 250 µm.ConclusionThe optimum mill settings resulted in a flour yield increase of 1.45% and reduction in ash content from 0.58% to 0.53%.Significance and noveltyUsing RSM, significant financial gains could be achieved by producing more flour from a given quantity of wheat with lower levels of bran contamination.
Phosphate‐Assisted Dispersion of Iron Phosphide in Carbon Nanosheets towards Efficient and Durable ORR Catalysts in Acidic and Alkaline Media
Authors: Xue Daxiang , Yu Fengjiao , Ying Qi , Wu Yufei , Lee Woo‐Jae , Kwon Se‐Hun , Yang Yang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHigh‐performance electrocatalysts, especially those consisting of earth abundant elements with low cost, are highly desirable for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, design of well‐dispersed ORR catalysts that are efficient in both acidic and alkaline media remains challenging. Herein, we report a phosphate‐regulated synthesis with phytic acid, by dispersing the active sites in the carbon nanosheets to obtain Fe2P/FeP nanoparticles encapsulated in P, N‐doped carbon (PNC). The active sites of Fe2P/FeP particles and P, N‐doping sites have a synergistic effect on the ORR reaction. The Fe2P/FeP‐PNC catalyst exhibits good ORR performance and stability in alkaline media. The half‐wave potential (0.85 V), and 5 mV shift after 5000 cycles of stability test for Fe2P/FeP‐PNC catalyst exceed those of commercial Pt/C (E1/2=0.84 V, 20 mV shift) under alkaline condition. The catalyst presents a half‐wave potential of 0.70 V and limited current density of 5.31 mA cm−2 in acidic media. We demonstrate a Zn‐air battery and a PEMFC with the Fe2P/FeP‐PNC as the cathodes, showing a high power density of 156.68 mW cm−2 and 144 mW cm−2 respectively in either the alkaline or acidic electrolytes.
Dynamic Relationship between Air Pollution and Economic Growth in Taiwan Deduced from Mathematical Models
Authors: Li Zhigang , Chen Wei‐Ting , Chang I‐Chia , Hung Chin‐Chao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAir pollution resulting from the rapid development of industries has become a serious environmental issue in Taiwan, although the blooming industrial activities have resulted in rapid economic growth. The consequences of rapid economic growth are reflected in air pollution. A statistical model and grey relational grade system are used to quantify the distribution of various air pollutants such as particulate matter 10, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and ozone from 2008 to 2017. It is found that the gross domestic product (GDP) and air pollution display a positive correlation, whereby the p‐value is statistically significant at 5% confidence interval and the correlation coefficients between GDP and air pollution are positive at 0.056 and 6.59, respectively. Moreover, the relationship between air pollution and GDP displays similar trend for both seasonal and annual data. The empirical results of this study are robust during the northeast monsoon season because the values are found to be slightly higher in such season. Therefore, it can be suggested that the GDP growth in Taiwan is significantly related to air pollution and the only optimal mechanism to avoid drastic climate change is to implement a balance between GDP growth and air pollution control.
Worldwide trends in cervical cancer incidence and mortality, with predictions for the next 15 years
Authors: Lin Shujuan , Gao Kai , Gu Simeng , You Liuqing , Qian Sangni , Tang Mengling , Wang Jianbing , Chen Kun , Jin Mingjuan 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundCervical cancer is 1 of the most common cancers in females worldwide. Understanding the most recent global patterns and temporal trends of cervical cancer burden might be helpful for its prevention and control.MethodsData on cervical cancer (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, code C53) incidence and mortality in 2018 were extracted from the GLOBOCAN 2018 database and further analyzed for their correlations with the Human Development Index. Temporal trends were analyzed using the annual percent change with joinpoint analysis among 31 countries with highly qualified data from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Plus and World Health Organization mortality databases. Future trends for the next 15 years were predicted using an open‐source age‐period‐cohort model.ResultsCervical cancer incidence and mortality rates were both negatively correlated with the Human Development Index (r = −0.56 for incidence, r = −0.69 for mortality; P < .001) in cross‐sectional analysis, and both remained stable in 12 countries or even decreased in 14 and 18 countries for incidence and mortality, respectively, during the most recent 10 data years. Similar findings were observed for the next 15 years.ConclusionsCervical cancer burden was correlated with socioeconomic development. An overwhelming majority of countries had stable or decreasing trends in incidence and mortality rates, especially in those with effective cervical cancer screening programs and human papillomavirus vaccination.Lay Summary

The authors investigated the most up‐to‐date data from official databases released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer and found that cervical cancer incidence and mortality were negatively correlated with socioeconomic development.

Among the 31 countries analyzed, most (26 countries were analyzed for incidence, and 30 were analyzed for mortality) had stable or even decreasing temporal trends over the most recent 10 years, especially in those with effective cervical cancer screening programs.

In addition, the predicted trends for the next 15 years were basically consistent with the observed trends among most of the analyzed countries (19 countries for incidence and 26 countries for mortality).
Adaptive virtual anchor node based underwater localization using improved shortest path algorithm and particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique
Authors: Saha Souvik , Arya Rajeev Kumar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDetection and accurate position estimation have become an essential task for any static underwater acoustic sensor networks. Many localization schemes have been introduced in the field of terrestrial WSN over the last few decades. These schemes are still not perfectly realizable in a harsh underwater environment due to their erroneous communication channel and infrastructure‐less environment. Limited localization coverage, propagation error, and accuracy are the major drawbacks in acoustic communication. This article proposed an adaptive virtual anchor node based on the improved shortest path algorithm with PSO technique. The main advantages of this proposed scheme are divided into two parts. First, introducing an enhanced shortest path algorithm can reduce the propagation error generated through multi‐hop zigzag movement and improve the coverage. Second, the particle swarm optimization algorithm with virtual anchor nodes can significantly enhance the accuracy by reducing the errors to localize the unknown nodes. Investigational results manifest that the proposed methodology performed better than the Improved DV‐Hop +PSO, IRL‐WOA, and basic DV‐Hop methods as far as their restriction. The proposed method improved 23%, 30%, and 35% better localization error, 10%, 15%, and 22% better relative localization error, and 10%, 18%, and 25% better accuracy respectively.
Exploring Chemical Information in PubChem
Authors: Kim Sunghwan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPubChem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) is a public chemical database that serves scientific communities as well as the general public. This database collects chemical information from hundreds of data sources and organizes them into multiple data collections, including Substance, Compound, BioAssay, Protein, Gene, Pathway, and Patent. These collections are interlinked with each other, allowing users to discover related records in the various collections (e.g., drugs targeting a protein or genes modulated by a chemical). PubChem can be searched by keyword (e.g., a chemical, protein, or gene name) as well as by chemical structure. The input structure can be provided using popular line notations or drawn with the PubChem Sketcher. PubChem supports various types of structure searches, including identity search, 2‐D and 3‐D similarity searches, and substructure and superstructure searches. Results from multiple searches can be combined using Boolean operators (i.e., AND, OR, and NOT) to formulate complex queries. PubChem allows the user to quickly retrieve a list of records annotated with a particular classification or ontological term. This paper provides step‐by‐step instructions on how to explore PubChem data with examples of commonly requested tasks. © 2021. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Finding genes and proteins that interact with a given compoundBasic Protocol 2: Finding drug‐like compounds similar to a query compound through a two‐dimensional (2‐D) similarity searchBasic Protocol 3: Finding compounds similar to a query compound through a three‐dimensional (3‐D) similarity searchSupport Protocol: Computing similarity scores between compoundsBasic Protocol 4: Getting the bioactivity data for the hit compounds from substructure searchBasic Protocol 5: Finding drugs that target a particular geneBasic Protocol 6: Getting bioactivity data of all chemicals tested against a protein.Basic Protocol 7: Finding compounds annotated with classifications or ontological termsBasic Protocol 8: Finding stereoisomers and isotopomers of a compound through identity search
LncRNA nuclear‐enriched abundant transcript 1 shuttled by prostate cancer cells‐secreted exosomes initiates osteoblastic phenotypes in the bone metastatic microenvironment via miR‐205‐5p/runt‐related transcription factor 2/splicing factor proline‐ and glutamine‐rich/polypyrimidine tract‐binding protein 2 axis
Authors: Mo Chengqiang , Huang Bin , Zhuang Jintao , Jiang Shuangjian , Guo Shengjie , Mao Xiaopeng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) patients commonly present with osteoblastic‐type bone metastasis. Exosomes derived from tumor cells possess biological significance and can mediate intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) nuclear‐enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) is also implicated in the stability in tumorigenesis and the development of PCa, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Hence, the current study set out to investigate the physiological mechanisms by which exosomes‐encapsulated NEAT1 affects the progression of PCa. First, after isolation, we found PCa cell‐derived exosomes induced the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). Besides, NEAT1 in PCa cells could be transferred into hBMSCs via exosomes. Further gain‐ and loss‐of‐function experimentation revealed that NEAT1 acted as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of microRNA (miR)‐205‐5p to upregulate the runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) levels. Moreover, NEAT1 could promote the RUNX2 expression via the splicing factor proline‐ and glutamine‐rich (SFPQ)/polypyrimidine tract‐binding protein 2 (PTBP2) axis. Functional assays uncovered that NEAT1 shuttled by PCa‐exosomes facilitated the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and mineralization of extracellular matrix, and continuously upregulated the levels of RUNX2, ALP, alpha‐1 type 1 collagen, and osteocalcin by regulating RUNX2, to induce the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. Furthermore, in vivo experimentation confirmed that upregulated NEAT1 induced osteogenesis. Collectively, our findings indicated that PCa‐derived exosomes‐loaded NEAT1 upregulated RUNX2 to facilitate the osteogenesis of hBMSCs by competitively binding to miR‐205‐5p via the SFPQ/PTBP2 axis, therefore providing a potential therapeutic target to treat osteogenesis of hBMSCs in PCa. PCa cells secrete exosomes containing NEAT1, and NEAT1 exerts effects on osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs in PCa. NEAT1 shuttled by PCa‐derived exosomes could be transferred into hBMSCs, where NEAT1 exerted inductive properties in osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs through the upregulation of RUNX2 by competitively binding to miR‐205‐5p and regulating SFPQ/PTBP2 in vitro and in vivo.
Apolipoprotein C‐II induces EMT to promote gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
Authors: Wang Chao , Yang Zhi , Xu En , Shen Xiaofei , Wang Xingzhou , Li Zijian , Yu Heng , Chen Kai , Hu Qiongyuan , Xia Xuefeng , Liu Song , Guan Wenxian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeritoneal metastasis (PM) occurs frequently in patients with gastric cancer (GC) and confers poor survival. Lipid metabolism acts as a non‐negligible regulator in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is crucial for the metastasis of GC. As apolipoprotein C2 (APOC2) is a key activator of lipoprotein lipase for triglyceride metabolism, the exact mechanism of APOC2 remains largely unknown in GC.MethodsTandem mass tags identified differentially expressed proteins between human PM and GC tissues, and showed that APOC2 overexpressed in PM tissues, which was further confirmed by immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA. Global gene expression changes were identified in APOC2 knockdown cells via RNA‐sequencing. The role of APOC2 in lipid metabolism of GC cells was assessed via the Seahorse XF analyzer and lipid staining assays. The biological role of APOC2 in GC cells was determined by 3D Spheroid invasion, apoptosis, colony formation, wound healing, transwell assay, and mouse models. The interaction between APOC2 and CD36 was analyzed by co‐immunoprecipitation and biolayer interferometry. The underlying mechanisms were investigated using western blot technique.ResultsAPOC2 overexpressed in GC PM tissues. Upregulation of APOC2 correlated with a poor prognosis in GC patients. APOC2 promoted GC cell invasion, migration, and proliferation via CD36‐mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling activation. Furthermore, APOC2‐CD36 axis upregulated EMT markers of GC cells via increasing the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR. Knockdown either APOC2 or CD36 inhibited the malignant phenotype of cancer cells, and delayed GC PM progression in murine GC models.ConclusionAPOC2 cooperates with CD36 to induce EMT to promote GC PM via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. APOC2‐CD36 axis may be a potential target for the treatment of aggressive GC.
A microfluidic cytometer for white blood cell analysis
Authors: Peng Tao , Su Xinyue , Cheng Xingzhi , Wei Zewen , Su Xuantao , Li Qin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDespite the wide use of cytometry for white blood cell classification, the performance of traditional cytometers in point‐of‐care testing remains to be improved. Microfluidic techniques have been shown with considerable potentials in the development of portable devices. Here we present a prototype of microfluidic cytometer which integrates a three‐dimensional hydrodynamic focusing system and an on‐chip optical system to count and classify white blood cells. By adjusting the flow speed of sheath flow and sample flow, the blood cells can be horizontally and vertically focused in the center of microchannel. Optical fibers and on‐chip microlens are embedded for the excitation and detection of single‐cell. The microfluidic chip was validated by classifying white blood cells from clinical blood samples.
Intertidal estimates of sea urchin abundance reveal congruence in spatial structure for a guild of consumers
Authors: Ma Kevin C. K. , Redelinghuys Suzanne , Gusha Molline N. C. , Dyantyi Siphelele B. , McQuaid Christopher D. , Porri Francesca 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe hypothesized congruence in the spatial structure of abundance data sampled across multiple scales for an ecological guild of consumers that exploit similar nutritional and habitat resources. We tested this hypothesis on the spatial organization of abundance of an herbivorous guild of sea urchins. We also examined whether the amount of local along‐shore rocky habitat can explain the observed spatial patterns of abundance. Standardized estimates of abundance of four intertidal sea urchins—Diademacf.savignyi,Echinometra mathaei,Parechinus angulosus, andStomopneustes variolaris—were determined by six observers at 105 sites across 2,850 km of coast of South Africa. For each species and observer, wavelet analysis was used on abundance estimates, after controlling for potential biases, to examine their spatial structure. The relationship between local sea urchin abundance and the amount of upstream and downstream rocky habitat, as defined by the prevailing ocean current, was also investigated. All species exhibited robust structure at scales of 75–220 km, despite variability among observers. Less robust structure in the abundances of three species was detected at larger scales of 430–898 km. Abundance estimates of sympatric populations of two species (D. cf.savignyiandE. mathaei) were positively correlated with the amount of rocky habitat upstream of the site, suggesting that upstream populations act as larval sources across a wide range of scales. No relationship between abundance and habitat size was found forP. angulosusorS.variolaris. Within the range of scales examined, we found robust congruence in spatial structure in abundance at the lower, but not the larger, range of scales for all four species. The relationship between abundance and upstream habitat availability in two species suggests that larval supply from upstream populations was probably the mechanism linking habitat size and abundance.