bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrical impedance spectroscopy for the characterization of skin barrier in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Rinaldi Arturo O. , Korsfeldt Angelica , Ward Siobhan , Burla Daniel , Dreher Anita , Gautschi Marja , Stolpe Britta , Tan Ge , Bersuch Eugen , Melin David , Askary Lord Nima , Grant Simon , Svedenhag Per , Tsekova Kristina , Schmid‐Grendelmeier Peter , Möhrenschlager Matthias , Renner Ellen D. , Akdis Cezmi A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundAllergic disorders such as atopic dermatitis (AD) are strongly associated with an impairment of the epithelial barrier, in which tight junctions and/or filaggrin expression can be defective. Skin barrier assessment shows potential to be clinically useful for prediction of disease development, improved and earlier diagnosis, lesion follow‐up, and therapy evaluation. This study aimed to establish a method to directly assess the in vivo status of epithelial barrier using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).MethodsThirty‐six patients with AD were followed during their 3‐week hospitalization and compared with 28 controls. EIS and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were measured in lesional and non‐lesional skin. Targeted proteomics by proximity extension assay in serum and whole‐genome sequence were performed.ResultsElectrical impedance spectroscopy was able to assess epithelial barrier integrity, differentiate between patients and controls without AD, and characterize lesional and non‐lesional skin of patients. It showed a significant negative correlation with TEWL, but a higher sensitivity to discriminate non‐lesional atopic skin from controls. During hospitalization, lesions reported a significant increase in EIS that correlated with healing, decreased SCORAD and itch scores. Additionally, EIS showed a significant inverse correlation with serum biomarkers associated with inflammatory pathways that may affect the epithelial barrier, particularly chemokines such as CCL13, CCL3, CCL7, and CXCL8 and other cytokines, such as IRAK1, IRAK4, and FG2, which were significantly high at admission. Furthermore, filaggrin copy numbers significantly correlated with EIS on non‐lesional skin of patients.ConclusionsElectrical impedance spectroscopy can be a useful tool to detect skin barrier dysfunction in vivo, valuable for the assessment of AD severity, progression, and therapy efficacy.
Early Educators’ Collective Workplace Stress as a Predictor of Professional Development’s Impacts on Children’s Development
Authors: Hanno Emily C. , McCoy Dana C. , Sabol Terri J. , Gonzalez Kathryn E. 
Published: April 2021

Although professional development is widely used to improve the impacts of early childhood education, little is known about the conditions under which such interventions promote child outcomes. This study applies newly developed methods for quantifying intervention impact heterogeneity to understand whether educators’ collective workplace stress moderates professional development’s impacts on children’s language and literacy skills, executive functioning, and learning behaviors. Within a sample of 406 children from the National Center for Research on Early Childhood Education Professional Development Study (Mage = 4.17; 50% female; 50% Black, 32% Latinx, 11% White), professional development positively impacted child outcomes in centers where educators collectively reported high workplace stress but negatively impacted child outcomes in centers where educators collectively reported low workplace stress.
Tailored total neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: One size may not fit for all!
Authors: Ozer Leyla , Yildiz Ibrahim , Bayoglu Vedat , Bozkurt Mustafa , Esen Eren , Remzi Feza H. , Gogenur Ismail , Aytac Erman 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhile current neoadjuvant protocols have proven benefits on local control for majority of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer, there are certain clinical conditions that require future advances for improving the outcomes. Total neoadjuvant therapy incorporates systemic chemotherapy planned within standard neoadjuvant protocols either before or after radiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer as a whole. Enhanced compliance with planned oncological therapy, tumour downstaging, administration of chemotherapy at the earliest time in the disease course to help assessing chemosensitivity are the proposed benefits of total neoadjuvant therapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Patient selection criteria for administration of total neoadjuvant therapy in the recent guidelines are unclear. Since current literature is inconclusive for the optimal sequence and type of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, premature incorporation of total neoadjuvant therapy for all locally advanced rectal cancers may result in overtreatment and subsequently toxicity. This article aims to discuss the current literature and to propose a future perspective by considering real‐life scenarios reflecting patients’ needs for treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer.
The effect of pulmonary rehabilitation on smoking and health outcomes in COPD patients
Authors: Sahin Hulya , Naz Ilknur 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesAlthough several positive effects of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) are known in COPD patients, the results of PR in smoker COPD patients are unclear. We aimed to compare the effect of PR on smoking behaviour and health outcomes between COPD patients who are smoker and ex‐smoker.MethodsIn our study; 62 COPD patients (31 of them active smoker and 31 of them were ex‐smoker) who completed in an 8‐week outpatient PR programme were included. Pulmonary function test, blood gas analysis, mMRC Dyspnoea Scale, 6‐minute walk test, St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire, SF‐36 Quality of Life Questionnaire and Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale were performed. Smoking behaviour and nicotine dependence of the study group was evaluated.ResultsAt baseline assessment; TLCO was found to be lower in the currently smoking group (p = 0.042) and significantly increased after PR (p = 0.012). FEV1, PaO2, arterial saturation, 6‐min walk distance and quality of life improved in both groups (p < 0.05). Anxiety score decreased in both groups; depression score decreased only in the ex‐smoker group. When comparing changes between groups; mMRC score was observed to be decreased more in the smoker group (p = 0.01). At the end of the programme, nicotine dependence score and the daily number of cigarettes were significantly decreased in the smoker group (p < 0.001), also 2 patients completely quit smoking.ConclusionSmoker COPD patients benefited from the PR programme at least as much as the patients who do not smoke. Furthermore, nicotine dependence and amount of cigarette decreased in smoker patients. Therefore, COPD patients who smoke should be referred to the PR programmes.
Evaluation of a multimodal analgesic regimen on outcomes following laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy
Authors: Marti Kristen , Rochon Caroline , O’Sullivan David M. , Ye Xiaoyi , Ebcioglu Zeynep , Kainkaryam Pranjali P. , Kuzaro Hillary , Morgan Glyn , Serrano Oscar K. , Singh Joseph , Tremaglio Joseph , Kutzler Heather L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPostoperative pain is a significant source of morbidity in patients undergoing living donor nephrectomy (LDN) and a deterrent for candidates. We implemented a standardized multimodal analgesic regimen, which consists of pharmacist‐led pre‐procedure pain management education, a combination transversus abdominis plane and rectus sheath block performed by the regional anesthesia team, scheduled acetaminophen and gabapentin, and as‐needed opioids. This single‐center retrospective study evaluated outcomes between patients undergoing LDN who received a multimodal analgesic regimen and a historical cohort. The multimodal cohort had a significantly shorter length of stay (LOS) (days, mean ± SD: 1.8 ± 0.7 vs. 2.6 ± 0.8; p < .001) and a greater proportion who were discharged on postoperative day (POD) 1 (38.6% vs. 1.5%; p < .001). The total morphine milligram equivalents (MME) that patients received during hospitalization were significantly less in the multimodal cohort on POD 0‐2. The outpatient MME prescribed through POD 60 was also significantly less in the multimodal cohort (median [IQR]; 180 [150‐188] vs. 225 [150‐300]; p < .001). The mean patient‐reported pain score (PRPS) was significantly lower in the multimodal cohort on POD 0‐2. The maximum PRPS was significantly lower on POD 0 (mean ± SD: 7 ± 2 vs. 8 ± 1, respectively; p = .02). This study suggests that our multimodal regimen significantly reduces LOS, PRPS, and opioid requirements and has the potential to improve the donation experience.
Marijuana use among adult liver transplant candidates and recipients
Authors: Likhitsup Alisa , Saeed Naba , Winder Gerald Scott , Hassan Ammar , Sonnenday Christopher J , Fontana Robert J 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundData regarding marijuana (MJ) use among liver transplant (LT) candidates are limited. We set out to determine the incidence and pre­ and post­LT outcomes of adult LT candidates with a self‐reported history of MJ use.MethodsBaseline clinical characteristics, waitlist, and post‐LT outcomes of adult LT candidates from January 2010 to March 2017 were compared.ResultsAmong 2690 LT candidates, 630(23%) and 298(11%) reported a history of MJ use and use within the past 12 months, respectively. Although the proportion of MJ users increased over time(β = .76, p = .03), the proportion listed and transplanted did not change. Listing for LT increased with male (OR 1.24, 95% CI 11.01–1.52), MELD score (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01–1.15), HCC (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.39–2.41) but decreased among MJ users (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.50–0.91, p = .01). The median time to listing was longer among MJ users compared to non‐users (115 vs. 87 days, p < .0005). Post­LT survival was similar in 83 MJ users and 306 non‐users.ConclusionThe proportion of MJ users among LT candidates is increasing. MJ users have a greater burden of psychosocial issues which may contribute to longer evaluations and lower rate of LT listing. Post‐LT survival was not impacted by self‐reported MJ use history.
Three cobblers worth the mastermind? The potential of ensemble in crowdsourced classification problems
Authors: Yan Wangcheng , Letizia Paolo , Zhou Wenjun 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTClassification problems, where the objective is to identify the class labels of given data points, are most often the subject of open contests, in which solvers compete for awards offered by solution seekers. Extant literature in open contests has studied both the winner‐takes‐all and top‐K award schemes, in which the award is granted to the best one and the best K solutions, respectively. However, in comparing these two schemes, researchers have never considered that under a top‐K award scheme, seekers may often benefit from aggregating the solutions as an ensemble, which could achieve a performance that is superior to any individual solution. The practice of ensemble is very common especially in classification and other data science problems, and in this work, we are the first to model it with the scope of deriving the optimal award scheme in open contests. Our results formally show that, given the option of ensemble, a top‐K award scheme may have the advantage to grant a higher profit to the seeker than the winner‐takes‐all award scheme. Further, the optimal number of awards is positively affected by contest parameters including the solvers' expertise, the number of solvers, and the return on effort, whereas it is negatively affected by the technical uncertainty when such uncertainty is sufficiently large. These findings are consistent with the increasing adoption of the top‐K award scheme in contests held on Kaggle and other similar platforms.
Towards a New 1933? The Fascist Labor of the Extreme and Radical right
Authors: Salomonsen Jone 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTen years ago, right‐wing extremist Anders Behring Breivik conducted a carefully planned terrorist attack on Norway (July 22, 2011). During the trial, he claimed to have defended Norwegian culture, people, and religion from the seemingly destructive powers of multiculturalism, feminism, and Islamic migration. Yet, which “religion” did Breivik defend? What were his larger political goals of waging “war”? With Hannah Arendt, I will show how Breivik, his American admirer Greg Johnson, and their allies have no political project and not one religion but primarily articulate (with words and/or with violent acts) a yearning to return to racialized, kin‐based, patriarchal camps that ideally are to be organized according to “the aristocratic principle of nature,” as theorized by Adolf Hitler in Mein Kampf.
Duration of type 2 diabetes does not appear to moderate hypoglycaemia rate with insulin degludec versus insulin glargine U100
Authors: Alexopoulos Anastasia‐Stefania , Andersen Andreas , Donatsky Anders Meller , Gowda Amoolya , Buse John B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the DEVOTE and SWITCH 2 trials, insulin degludec 100 units/mL (degludec) was superior to insulin glargine 100 units/mL (glargine U100) with respect to the rates of severe (DEVOTE; across trial) and overall symptomatic (SWITCH 2; during the maintenance period of the trial) hypoglycaemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes. In this post hoc analysis, data from 7635 individuals from DEVOTE and 720 individuals from SWITCH 2 were analysed by subgroups of diabetes duration at baseline (<10, ≥10–<15, ≥15–<20 and ≥20 years) using prespecified models from both trials. There was a trend towards lower rates of hypoglycaemia with degludec versus glargine U100 across all diabetes duration subgroups in both trials, with the difference being statistically significant in some subgroups in DEVOTE and SWITCH 2. Overall, however, no significant interaction was observed between diabetes duration and treatment (DEVOTE interaction, P = .496; SWITCH 2 interaction, P = .144). Therefore, in this post hoc analysis of DEVOTE and SWITCH 2, diabetes duration did not appear to affect the reduction in rates of hypoglycaemia observed with degludec compared with glargine U100.
Batman or Joker? A mixed‐method approach to understanding children’s perceptions of dentists
Authors: Buldur Burak 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIt is important to understand children's perceptions of dentists in order to improve child–dentist communication. The aim of this mixed‐methods study was to develop and validate a conceptual model of individual determinants of children's perceptions of dentists. A total of 1014 children completed an oral health behaviour form, a metaphor form, the Children's Fear Survey Schedule‐Dental Subscale, the Dental Trust Scale, and the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale. A conceptual model, which included five endogenous and two exogenous variables, was developed and validated. Qualitative (metaphor analysis) and quantitative (path analysis) analyses were conducted. The metaphors that were used to describe dentists were classified into seven conceptual categories: chaotic and unlovable; scary; artistic; protective and alleviative; restorative; scientific; and educative. Better oral health behaviours, greater trust in dentists, and lower dental anxiety were associated with positive perceptions of dentists. Oral health behaviours, trust in dentists, and dental anxiety had the strongest direct effects on perceptions of dentists, but age had the strongest indirect effect. The developed model should help dentists to understand pathways between children's individual determinants and perceptions of dentists. Coupled with behaviour management, this understanding can be an important part of improving dental visit behaviours and fostering positive post‐visit attitudes among children.
Hypothesis on the pathophysiology of small intestinal strangulation by a pedunculated lipoma
Authors: Gandini M. , Freeman D. E. , Giusto G. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThe current hypothesis proposed for strangulation of small intestine by a pedunculated lipoma in horses involves movement of the lipoma around the small intestine until it loops through its own pedicle. This mechanism is difficult to demonstrate during surgical correction. The objective was to examine an alternative explanation for strangulation by pedunculated lipomas that is logical and consistent with intraoperative findings by the analysis of the anatomical features of 11 cases of lipoma strangulation in horses. In the proposed hypothesis, the stalk of the lipoma is tensed by the weight of the lipoma alone or by external forces on it from adjacent intestine. This produces a slit‐like aperture formed by the stalk and the contiguous mesentery. One or more loops of intestine pass across the lateral edge of the stalk before turning into this aperture, either because of lack of space in the abdominal cavity or through the effects of peristalsis. The weight of the intestine itself causes the loop to ‘fall’ into the aperture and become entrapped. This creates a half‐hitch knot in which the loop of intestine uses the lipoma pedicle as a ‘post’ around which it becomes strangulated. It was concluded that the proposed hypothesis differs from the existing one by requiring intestinal movement to create the strangulation, which is more plausible than the current proposal that the strangulation is caused by movement of the lipoma itself. It is also more consistent with surgical findings.
Spatiotemporal variability in the occurrence of juvenile Japanese jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus along coastal areas of the Kuroshio Current
Authors: Ishikawa Kazuo , Watanabe Chikako , Kameda Takahiko , Tokeshi Tsutomu , Horie Hikari , Hashida Daisuke , Ookawa Toshiyuki , Takeda Takashi , Kuno Masahiro , Suzuki Yuki , Takamura Shozo , Fukumoto Ryousuke , Itoh Sachihiko 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo understand the population structure of the Japanese jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus in coastal areas adjacent to the Kuroshio Current (referred to as the “CAK”), we analyzed size composition and commercial landing data of juvenile fish in these areas for the period 2005–2015. Trachurus japonicus does not undergo population‐scale spawning migration, and thus, the connectivity between the spawning and juvenile/adult habitat areas is important. Therefore, our primary aim was to assess the origin of juveniles landed in a number of subareas, including those spawned in local spawning grounds in January–May in the western part of the CAK (w‐CAK), those spawned in May–July in the eastern part (e‐CAK), and those spawned in February–March in the remote spawning ground in the southern East China Sea (s‐ECS). Fishing periods starting in spring (spring onset) were commonly observed in the CAK, which involved relatively small size classes (50–100 mm fork length [FL]). Back estimates based on the growth rate of T. japonicus suggested that the contributions from the s‐ECS probably dominated most of the spring onsets in April–June because the smallest size class (50–70 mm FL) occurred almost exclusively in April–May. In autumn, onset signals were associated with the landing of juveniles from the local spawning ground in an eastern subarea of the e‐CAK. Despite the asymmetric transport and migration flows between the habitat areas of T. japonicus, its population levels may be sustained because the local and remote spawning grounds are used in different seasons.
Rapid evolution generates synergism between multiple stressors: Linking theory and an evolution experiment
Authors: Orr James A. , Luijckx Pepijn , Arnoldi Jean‐François , Jackson Andrew L. , Piggott Jeremy J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGlobal change encompasses many co‐occurring anthropogenic stressors. Understanding the interactions between these multiple stressors, whether they be additive, antagonistic or synergistic, is critical for ecosystem managers when prioritizing which stressors to mitigate in the face of global change. While such interactions between stressors appear prevalent, it remains unclear if and how these interactions change over time, as the majority of multiple‐stressor studies rarely span multiple generations of study organisms. Although meta‐analyses have reported some intriguing temporal trends in stressor interactions, for example that synergism may take time to emerge, the mechanistic basis for such observations is unknown. In this study, by analysing data from an evolution experiment with the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus (~35 generations and 31,320 observations), we show that adaptation to multiple stressors shifts stressor interactions towards synergism. We show that trade‐offs, where populations cannot optimally perform multiple tasks (i.e. adapting to multiple stressors), generate this bias towards synergism. We also show that removal of stressors from evolved populations does not necessarily increase fitness and that there is variation in the evolutionary trajectories of populations that experienced the same stressor regimes. Our results highlight outstanding questions at the interface between evolution and global change biology, and illustrate the importance of considering rapid adaptation when managing or restoring ecosystems subjected to multiple stressors under global change.
Contrast‐enhanced nano‐CT reveals soft dental tissues and cellular layers
Authors: Hildebrand T. , Nogueira L. , Sunde P. T. , Ørstavik D. , Glasmacher B. , Haugen H. J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimTo introduce a methodology designed to simultaneously visualize dental ultrastructures, including cellular and soft tissue components, by utilizing phosphotungstic acid (PTA) as a contrast‐enhancement agent.MethodologySound third molars were collected from healthy human adults and fixed in 4% buffered paraformaldehyde. To evaluate the impact of PTA in concentrations of 0.3%, 0.7% and 1% on dental soft and hard tissues for CT imaging, cementum and dentine‐pulp sections were cut, dehydrated and stained with immersion periods of 12, 24 h, 2 days or 5 days. The samples were scanned in a high‐resolution nano‐CT device using pixel sizes down to 0.5 µm to examine both the cementum and pulpal regions.ResultsDental cementum and periodontium as well as odontoblasts and predentine were made visible through PTA staining in high‐resolution three‐dimensional nano‐CT scans. Different segments of the tooth required different staining protocols. The thickness of the cementum could be computed over the length of the tooth once it was made visible by the PTA‐enhanced contrast, and the attached soft tissue components of the interior of the tooth could be shown on the dentine‐pulp interface in greater detail. Three‐dimensional illustrations allowed a histology‐like visualization of the sections in all orientations with a single scan and easy sample preparation. The segmentation of the sigmoidal dentinal tubules and the surrounding dentine allowed a three‐dimensional investigation and quantitative of the dentine composition, such as the tubular lumen or the ratio of the tubular lumen area to the dentinal surface.ConclusionThe staining protocol made it possible to visualize hard tissues along with cellular layers and soft tissues in teeth using a laboratory‐based nano‐CT technique. The protocol depended on both tissue type and size. This methodology offers enhanced possibilities for the concomitant visualization of soft and hard dental tissues.