bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Special AT‐rich sequence‐binding protein 2 (Satb2) synergizes with Bmp9 and is essential for osteo/odontogenic differentiation of mouse incisor mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Chen Qiuman , Zheng Liwen , Zhang Yuxin , Huang Xia , Wang Feilong , Li Shuang , Yang Zhuohui , Liang Fang , Hu Jing , Jiang Yucan , Li Yeming , Zhou Pengfei , Luo Wenping , Zhang Hongmei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesMouse incisor mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have self‐renewal ability and osteo/odontogenic differentiation potential. However, the mechanism controlling the continuous self‐renewal and osteo/odontogenic differentiation of mouse incisor MSCs remains unclear. Special AT‐rich sequence‐binding protein 2 (SATB2) positively regulates craniofacial patterning, bone development and regeneration, whereas SATB2 deletion or mutation leads to craniomaxillofacial dysplasia and delayed tooth and root development, similar to bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) loss‐of‐function phenotypes. However, the detailed mechanism underlying the SATB2 role in odontogenic MSCs is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether SATB2 can regulate self‐renewal and osteo/odontogenic differentiation of odontogenic MSCs.Materials and methodsSatb2 expression was detected in the rapidly renewing mouse incisor mesenchyme by immunofluorescence staining, quantitative RT‐PCR and Western blot analysis. Ad‐Satb2 and Ad‐siSatb2 were constructed to evaluate the effect of Satb2 on odontogenic MSCs self‐renewal and osteo/odontogenic differentiation properties and the potential role of Satb2 with the osteogenic factor bone morphogenetic protein 9 (Bmp9) in vitro and in vivo.ResultsSatb2 was found to be expressed in mesenchymal cells and pre‐odontoblasts/odontoblasts. We further discovered that Satb2 effectively enhances mouse incisor MSCs self‐renewal. Satb2 acted synergistically with the potent osteogenic factor Bmp9 in inducing osteo/odontogenic differentiation of mouse incisor MSCs in vitro and in vivo.ConclusionsSatb2 promotes self‐renewal and osteo/odontogenic differentiation of mouse incisor MSCs. Thus, Satb2 can cooperate with Bmp9 as a new efficacious bio‐factor for osteogenic regeneration and tooth engineering.
Characterising the patterns of and factors associated with increased alcohol consumption since COVID‐19 in a UK sample
Authors: Oldham Melissa , Garnett Claire , Brown Jamie , Kale Dimitra , Shahab Lion , Herbec Aleksandra 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionTo examine changes in drinking patterns and to assess factors associated with reported increases in frequency of drinking, units consumed and frequency of heavy episodic drinking (HED) during the UK lockdown.MethodsOnline cross‐sectional survey of 2777 self‐selected UK adults.ResultsThirty percent of participants reported drinking more frequently in lockdown, 16% reported drinking more units per drinking occasion and 14% reported more frequent HED. For men and women, increased frequency of drinking was associated with being less likely to believe alcohol drinking would lead to greater chance of catching COVID‐19 (men: OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.98, 1.00; women: OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.99, 1.00) and deterioration in psychological wellbeing (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.54; OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.11, 1.51); increased unit consumption was associated with deterioration in financial situation (OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.21, 1.86; OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.05, 1.64) and physical health (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.03, 1.67; OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.31, 2.10). Finally, increases in the frequency of HED were associated with deterioration in psychological wellbeing (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.25, 2.18; OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.17, 1.82) and being furloughed (OR = 3.25, 95% CI = 1.80, 5.86; OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.19, 3.56). Other gender differences were detected, for example, living with children was associated with an increase in units consumed (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.09, 2.73) and the frequency of HED (OR = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.44, 3.99) for men, but not women.Discussion and ConclusionsIn this self‐selected UK sample, a significant proportion of individuals reported drinking more frequently in lockdown, drinking more units per drinking occasion and more frequent HED. There were consistent predictors of increased consumption across men and women, but other gender differences were detected. This study identifies groups that may require targeted support in future lockdowns.
A free ride: Is long‐term omeprazole therapy safe and effective?
Authors: Sykes B. W. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryOmeprazole has been widely used in the horse for nearly 20 years. Yet, to date, few studies have evaluated its safety with specific regards to the adverse effects reported in human medicine. Recent studies on omeprazole in the horse have highlighted the potential for rebound gastric hyperacidity at the time of discontinuation of therapy, for decreased calcium absorption during administration and for disruption to hindgut function when administered alongside non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. Unlike human medicine, no clear evidence exists for a link between omeprazole administrations and an increased risk of fractures in the horse. However, evidence exists that the proposed pathophysiological pathways for increased fracture risk which are present in human medicine are also present in the horse. Limited evidence suggests that decreased efficacy may occur over time with long‐term omeprazole administration.
E‐learning? Never again! On the unintended consequences of COVID‐19 forced e‐learning on academic teacher motivational job characteristics
Authors: Kulikowski Konrad , Przytuła Sylwia , Sułkowski Łukasz 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, universities worldwide are going into ‘emergency mode’—radically transforming education by switching to online and e‐learning education. In the face of these emergent changes, many academic teachers who are unwilling to use e‐learning or who lack the appropriate competences are suddenly being forced to teach via electronic devices and the Internet. But how will this COVID‐19 forced e‐learning influence academic teachers' motivation and performance? In this conceptual paper, drawing from Job Characteristics Theory—a model of human work motivation, we would like to discuss the possible changes in six motivational job characteristics of the academic teacher's job (task identity, task significance, skill variety, feedback, autonomy, social dimensions of the work) caused by COVID‐19 forced e‐learning. Our concise conceptual elaboration might spark a debate on the possible unintended consequences of COVID‐19 forced e‐learning.
High CD8+ tumour‐infiltrating lymphocyte density associates with unfavourable prognosis in oesophageal adenocarcinoma following poor response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Koemans Willem J , van Dieren Jolanda M , van den Berg Jose G , Meijer Gerrit A , Snaebjornsson Petur , Chalabi Myriam , Lecot Frederig , Riedl Robert , Krijgsman Oscar , Hofland Ingrid , Broeks Annegien , Voncken Francine E M , Peppelenbosch Maikel P , Sosef Meindert N , van Sandick Johanna W , Kodach Liudmila L 
Published: March 2021

AimsDetermining prognosis following poor response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) remains challenging. An immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME) as well as immune infiltrate density and composition are considered to play a critical role in the immune interaction between host and tumour and can predict therapy response and survival in many cancers, including gastrointestinal malignancies. The aim of this study was to establish the TME characteristics associated with survival following a poor response to nCRT.Methods and resultsThe prognostic significance of OAC‐associated CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3+) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression was studied by immunohistochemistry and quantified by automated image analysis in 123 patients who underwent nCRT and curative resection. Results from good and poor responders were contrasted and immune infiltration was related to disease course in both groups. Subsequently a cohort of 57 patients with a moderate response to nCRT was analysed in a similar fashion. Tumour cell percentage positively correlated to immune infiltration markers. In good and moderate responders, none of the immune infiltrate parameters was associated with survival; in poor responders CD8+ was an independent negative predictor of OS in univariate analysis (P = 0.03) and high CD8+ infiltration was associated with worse OS (15 versus 32 months, P = 0.042).ConclusionA high CD8+ density is an independent biomarker of poor OS in poor responders to nCRT, but not in good and moderate responders. Our results suggest that patients with a poor response to nCRT but concomitant high CD8+ counts in the resection specimen require adjuvant therapy.
Between cultural relativism and liberal ethnocentrism: What does Saudi Arabia tell us about cultural variation in moral identity and prejudice?
Authors: AlSheddi Mona , Russell Pascale Sophie , Hegarty Peter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCultural conceptions of morality are grounded in diverse moral foundations, but moral identity research often assumes that individualizing concerns are the universal basis for morality. Moral identity scales grounded only in individualizing foundations risk liberal ethnocentrism, to the extent that binding foundations emphasized in collectivist cultures are overlooked. Three hundred and ninety‐five Saudi Arabian and UK participants completed prejudice and moral identity measures, which either narrowly measured only individualizing foundations or broadly measured both binding and individualizing foundations. The broader measure had greater power to predict prejudice scores in both countries, particularly in Saudi Arabia. Generally, moral identities grounded in individualizing foundations predicted less prejudice, while moral identities grounded in binding foundations predicted higher prejudice in both countries. Individualizing measures of moral identity may assess ethnocentric concepts, but recognizing morality grounded in binding considerations may taint the category of moral identity with self‐concepts that are associated with greater—not less—ethnocentrism.
A novel epithelial‐mesenchymal transition molecular signature predicts the oncological outcomes in colorectal cancer
Authors: Shan Zezhi , Wu Wen , Yan Xuebing , Yang Yongzhi , Luo Dakui , Liu Qi , Li Xinxiang , Goel Ajay , Ma Yanlei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEpithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), a biological process involving the transformation of epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells, promotes tumour initiation and metastasis. The aim of this study was to construct an EMT molecular signature for predicting colorectal cancer (CRC) prognosis and evaluate the efficacy of the model. The risk scoring system, constructed by log‐rank test and multivariate Cox regression analysis according to EMT‐related gene expression in CRC patients from TCGA database, demonstrated the highest correlation with prognosis compared with other parameters in CRC patients. The risk scores were significantly correlated with more lymph node metastasis, distal metastasis and advanced clinical stage of CRC. The model was further successfully validated in two independent external cohorts from GEO database. Furthermore, we developed a nomogram to integrate the EMT signature with the pathological stage of CRC, which was found to perform well in predicting the overall survival. Additionally, this risk scoring model was found to be associated with immune cell infiltration, implying a potential role of EMT involved in immunity regulation in tumour microenvironment. Taken together, our novel EMT molecular model may be useful in identifying high‐risk patients who need an intensive follow‐up and more aggressive therapy, finally contributing to more precise individualized therapeutic strategies.
Neurochemical mechanisms and neurocircuitry underlying the contribution of stress to cocaine seeking
Authors: Caccamise Aaron , Van Newenhizen Erik , Mantsch John R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn individuals with substance use disorders, stress is a critical determinant of relapse susceptibility. In some cases, stressors directly trigger cocaine use. In others, stressors interact with other stimuli to promote drug seeking, thereby setting the stage for relapse. Here, we review the mechanisms and neurocircuitry that mediate stress‐triggered and stress‐potentiated cocaine seeking. Stressors trigger cocaine seeking by activating noradrenergic projections originating in the lateral tegmentum that innervate the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis to produce beta adrenergic receptor‐dependent regulation of neurons that release corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) into the ventral tegmental area (VTA). CRF promotes the activation of VTA dopamine neurons that innervate the prelimbic prefrontal cortex resulting in D1 receptor‐dependent excitation of a pathway to the nucleus accumbens core that mediates cocaine seeking. The stage‐setting effects of stress require glucocorticoids, which exert rapid non‐canonical effects at several sites within the mesocorticolimbic system. In the nucleus accumbens, corticosterone attenuates dopamine clearance via the organic cation transporter 3 to promote dopamine signaling. In the prelimbic cortex, corticosterone mobilizes the endocannabinoid, 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG), which produces CB1 receptor‐dependent reductions in inhibitory transmission, thereby increasing excitability of neurons which comprise output pathways responsible for cocaine seeking. Factors that influence the role of stress in cocaine seeking, including prior history of drug use, biological sex, chronic stress/co‐morbid stress‐related disorders, adolescence, social variables, and genetics are discussed. Better understanding when and how stress contributes to drug seeking should guide the development of more effective interventions, particularly for those whose drug use is stress related.
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Layering sunscreen with facial makeup enhances its sun protection factor under real‐use conditions
Authors: Kim Min Ah , Jung Yu Chul , Bae Jiyoun , Ha Jaehyoun , Kim Eunjoo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe proper application of sunscreen is important to ensure protection of the skin against ultraviolet (UV) damage. Sunscreens are used in various ways in real world situations, which alters their UV protection efficacy. In this study, we simulated typical consumer use of sunscreen, which is often sequentially covered with facial makeup, in a laboratory study.MethodsWe compared the sun protection factors (SPF) of sunscreen and makeup products after consecutive layering of the products.ResultsThe SPF of each sunscreen and makeup product was dramatically lower than stated on the label upon application of a typical amount used by a consumer, which is lower than recommended. For high‐SPF products, the drop in effective protection was proportionally greater than those for the low‐SPF products upon application of lower doses. However, layering sunscreen and makeup products greatly increased the effective SPF compared with that achieved by single application of each product, even when the amount of each product used was below the recommended level.ConclusionLayering sunscreen with makeup may compensate for insufficient sunscreen application in real‐life conditions by providing an additional source of UV protection and improving the homogeneity of coverage. Our results suggest that recommending consecutive application of sunscreen and makeup products may be a practical and useful approach to improving UV protection that would not require additional steps in the facial care routines of many individuals.
Los gestos de hospitalidad en el oficio de educar
Authors: Gómez-Ramos Daniel 
Published: March 2021

Este artículo de investigación parte de la inquietud por colocar en el centro del trabajo educativo el cuidado y la responsabilidad ética ante la vida de los estudiantes: estos saberes favorecen sus procesos de aprendizaje y crecimiento personal.Desde un enfoque inspirado en la investigación de la experiencia y la fenomenología-hermenéutica,se acompaña a una maestra y sus alumnos en situación de vulnerabilidad. La descripción de escenas y las conversaciones con la maestra han permitido pensar los acontecimientos y producir comprensiones pedagógicas. Los resultados muestran cinco hilos de sentido desde los cuales reflexionar y practicar los gestos de la hospitalidad en educación.
An Architecture for Creating Engineering Applications: The Dynamic Integration System
Authors: Woyak Scott A. , Malone Brett , Myklebust Arvid 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Software design within the engineering community has generally been relegated to encoding specific algorithms. This is very important, however substantially more is required to build an entire CAD/CAE application. Structure must be provided to the data maintained in the application. Analyses must be integrated and coordinated in an orderly fashion. Interaction with the user must be managed. These topics have traditionally received secondary attention. The result has been engineering applications that are difficult to use, costly to create, and expensive to maintain or modify. The architecture described in this paper, the Dynamic Integration System, addresses these issues with respect to engineering-related software. Software constructed with Dynamic Integration techniques is prepared for future needs, such as integration, before those needs explicitly arise. This greatly reduces downstream costs. The Dynamic Integration System consists of two primary constructs: Dynamic Variables and dependency hierarchies. Dynamic Variables are used to model the key data in an application while a dependency hierarchy is built from the relationships between Dynamic Variables. Using these constructs, issues such as integration and analysis coordination are automated by the underlying Dynamic Integration System facilities.
Shell Mesh Generation by Medial Axis Transformation
Authors: Lee Yong-Gu , Lee Kunwoo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Shell mesh is widely used in simulating the flow of injected polymers in mold cavity and analyzing stresses in thin objects. But, before the shell mesh is to be generated, it is still common in the design process to build medial surfaces by human interactions instead of deriving them from an already created solid CAD model. This is a redundant operation and the resulting shell mesh is often inconsistent with its corresponding solid model.
Thus an algorithm is proposed to automatically generate the medial surfaces and the shell meshes from a given solid CAD model. This algorithm uses the intersection points of the medial surface patches as the node points. Subsequently, these node points are connected by using the intersection curves of the medial surface patches to generate the trimmed medial surface patches, and then the shell meshes are created on the trimmed medial surface patches.
Artificial Neural Networks for Automatic Dispatching Rule Selection
Authors: Liu Huajie , Dong Jian (John) 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To schedule a job shop, the first task is to select an appropriate scheduling algorithm or rules. Because of the complexity of scheduling problems, no general algorithmic approach sufficient for solving all scheduling problems has been developed yet. Most scheduling systems offer multiple alternative algorithms to various circumstances, and experienced human schedulers are needed to select the appropriate dispatching rules in these systems.
To automate scheduling process, this paper discusses the use of neural networks for scheduling decision making. For a given workshop, various situations are simulated to identify the best dispatching rule. The inputs and outputs of the simulation model are used to train an artificial neural network. The trained neural network then will be used to automatically selecting an appropriate dispatching rule for a given situation.
Research results have shown great potential in using a neural network to replace human schedulers in selecting an appropriate approach for real time scheduling. This research is a part of an ongoing project of developing a real-time planning and scheduling system.
Version Management in a CAD Paradigm
Authors: Krishnamurthy Karthik , Law Kincho H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper describes the change management capabilities of a data management model to support engineering design. Specifically, it addresses the problem of detecting changes made to a design during a CAD session and efficiently maintains an evolving description of a primitive entity through the design process. We propose a hierarchical versioning model to support the independent evolution of alternative deigns for a primitive entity and provide operators to store and manage changes among versions in a particular derivation hierarchy. In addition, we present a scheme to represent the version model in a CAD paradigm. The version model presented in this paper is a component of a larger data management model of versions, assemblies, configurations to address the change management needs of collaborative design.
Gustatory Dysfunction among a Sample of Depressed Egyptian Adults under Antidepressants Therapy: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Mikhail Christine , Elgaaly Khaled , Abd El Latif Abd El Hamid Ahmed , Shaker Olfat , Ali Shereen 
Published: March 2021

It is quite clear that the ability to perceive taste sensations significantly affects food choice, which consequently affects health status in the long term. Gustatory dysfunction is a neglected symptom among the depressed patients and those under antidepressants therapy, although these patients are suspectable to oral problems, due to general self-negligence related to mental disease, fear of dental treatment, and side effects of varied medications utilized in psychiatry. This study is aimed at assessing gustatory thresholds (detection and recognition thresholds) among a sample of 30 depressed Egyptian adults under antidepressants therapy for at least 3 months or psychotherapy with age ranging from 20 to 50 years old, seeking the Psychiatric Clinic at the Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt. These patients were distributed into three equal groups (tricyclic antidepressants (TCA), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and psychotherapy) and were assessed for gustatory detection and recognition thresholds using the filter paper disc method through a scoring system. The participants were also divided into normal taste group in which both the detection and recognition scores were 1, while the scores from 2 till 5 were considered as hypogeusia group and the score of 6 was considered as dysgeusia group. The TCA group was statistically significant from the other 2 groups in sweet detection thresholds (

p

= 0.043) and sweet recognition thresholds (

p

= 0.007). Hypogeusia for sweet was statistically significant (

p

= 0.041), where it was more common among TCA (70%) than both SSRIs and the psychotherapy group (20%). Gustatory dysfunction was found to be mostly associated with TCA followed by SSRIs particularly for sweet taste thresholds. More attention has to be given to taste changes among these patients as oral health affects general health by causing considerable pain and by changing what people eat, their speech, and their quality of life and wellbeing. Proper awareness and evaluation of this problem will improve the quality of life for the depressed patients and avoid unnecessary treatment. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03599011.