bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forecasting requisite physicians’ density through medical education acceleration strategy towards elimination of workforce deficit in nigeria (2021-2042)
Authors: Alozie Christopher Enyima , Ichoku Hycinth Eme 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: This paper assessed availability of physicians, supply and demand gap of medical workforce comparatively with the internationally established requisite minimum physicians’ density for Nigeria (2022-2042). It also evaluates the propensity of medical education programme and capability of the Nigerian medical schools to produce sufficient mint medical doctors for effective medical services to population. It also provides projection of estimates of government financing requirement for achieving the targeted number of physicians in the medium to long term. Methods: Ex-post ‘facto’ quantitative research design and method is employed in the study. Data sets obtained from the relevant Nigerian government’s organisations. Analytical techniques adopted include simple numerical analysis, descriptive statistics, moving average system, demographic estimation methods and projections of future budgetary resource allocation procedures. Main Finding / Results: Results show that there was a significant deficit in physicians’ density in Nigeria with average annual shortage of 31000. At this range, represents one doctor per 2591 persons as against one-doctor-to-1818 people and shortage of 33000 doctors. Second, the current student enrolment in the range of 3300 to 3600 requires a minimum of 2000300 percent increase in annual students’ enrolment in order to be recording reasonable annual out-turns. With the adoption of a flexible optimum enrolment policy, the result reveals there would be a downward decline in the range of 9%-to-5% in physicians’ shortages which is linked to increase of 250-312%. Thus, Nigeria will be able to produce enough medical doctors and injection to the pool to effectively eliminate physicians’ density deficit in next two decades. Therefore should be replaced with a flexible system. Nigeria would make about one trillion naira savings from medical tourism if Nigeria implements the medical education acceleration strategy as envisage in this paper. Nigeria needs to spend about an average of N313 million annually in next 20 years as against N360 million current spending on foreign medical care (tourism) and with such medical programme funding, Conclusion: This study provided evidence-based results indicating sub-optimal students’ enrolments and inadequate funding are the root cause of physicians’ density deficit in Nigeria and not necessarily the wage pricing medical labour force. Nigeria is under-producing doctors with about 15000-20000 currently working outside the country. It is illogical that Nigeria’s medical schools have continued to enrol fewer trainees despite a huge deficit of 33000 physicians which implies that about a minimum of 8000-to-10000 for the next two decades in order to clear the shortage or the country will continue to grapple with physicians’ deficit continuously.
Application of a Temporary Ileostomy via Median Specimen Extraction Site in Laparoscopic Low Anterior Resection
Authors: Wu Ahao , Wu Bowen , Shu Xufeng , Cao Yi , Zeng Qingwen , Li Zhengrong , Tu Yi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of temporary ileostomy via median specimen extraction site in the lower abdomen. Methods: Twenty-two patients who underwent laparoscopic radical resection for rectal cancer and needed temporary ileostomy were prospectively enrolled. Temporary ileostomy was placed on the median specimen extraction site of the lower abdomen. Intraoperative and postoperative conditions, stoma-related complications and ileostomy reversal surgery were observed. d. Results: Among the 22 patients, there were 14 female patients and 8 male patients: the average age was 56 ±14 years; the average body mass index was 22.0 ±3.4 kg/m2; the average tumour size was 4.4 ±2.2 cm; the average distance between the tumour and the dentate line was 5.9 ±2.3 cm; the average time of laparoscopic low anterior resection was 221 ±56 minutes; the average blood loss was 168 ±91 ml; and the average postoperative hospital stay was 9.9 ±3.9 days. The average ileostomy reversal surgery time was 72 ±15 minutes, the average blood loss was 50 ±27 ml, and the average postoperative hospital stay was 5.9 ±1.0 days. Stoma-related complications occurred in 5 patients, of which one was treated by emergency surgery. Conclusion: In laparoscopic low anterior resection, patients with temporary ileostomy via the median specimen extraction site did not have serious complications that required surgical intervention during hospitalization, and there was no mortality during the perioperative period. It is safe and feasible to perform temporary ileostomies via the median specimen extraction site in the lower abdomen, but for permanent ileostomies, the median site in the lower abdomen should be carefully selected as the ileostomy site.
Perception and Experience of Childhood Malaria Management among Mothers of Under-five Children in Osogbo Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Nwogu Joseph Nkemakolam , Igbolekwu Chisaa Onyekachi , Nwogu Esther , Nwokocha Ezebunwa E , Ogadimma Arisukwu Chukwubueze , Ekechukwu Valentine Ifeanychukwu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Malaria remains a major health challenge in Nigeria despite efforts at reducing its prevalence. Previous studies on malaria focused mainly on the biomedical aspects with little attention given to the social characteristics influencing malaria management among mothers as primary caregivers of under-five children. This study, therefore, investigated perception and experience of childhood malaria management among mothers of under-five children in Osogbo Metropolis classified in literature as area with high childhood malaria prevalence. The Health Belief Model was adopted as theoretical framework, while the cross-sectional survey research design was employed using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The study was conducted among selected mothers of under-five children using a multi-stage sampling procedure. Cochrane’s formula was used to determine the sample size of 561 respondents used. A structured questionnaire was administered on mothers to elicit information on socio-demographic characteristics, perceptions and experience of childhood malaria. Twelve focus group discussions were conducted with mothers whose under-five children had malaria in the six weeks preceding the study. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square at 0.05 level of significance. Qualitative data were content analysed. The age the mothers was 41.00 ± 7.2years. About 98.0% of the mothers perceived malaria as treatable, 54.0% of mothers perceived fever as major symptom of malaria, 58.3% said mosquito bite was the cause of malaria, while 65.6% stated that Insecticide Treated Net was the most effective method of malaria prevention. There were significant associations between knowledge of malaria prevention and income (χ2 = 57.00), and between knowledge of consequences of malaria and education (X2 = 50.55). Misconceptions still surround perception of malaria management among mothers of under-five children. More enlightenment efforts are needed to dispel fallacies mitigating against malaria management.
Low Dose Olanzapine in the Prevention Carboplatin Induced Nausea and Vomiting: a Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: AN YUN , Zhang Zewei , Chen Feng , Jiang Caihong , Zhao Juan , Zhao Lanzhen , Jiang Ying , Li Hui , Liu Guang , Guo Wenjing , GU MIN , CHEN GANG , Li Zhenhao , Da Lenggaowa , JIN GAOWA , LI QUANFU 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective To perform a prospective randomized comparison of the efficacy and safety of low-dose 5mg olanzapine（OLZ） in preventing nausea and vomiting induced by carboplatin chemotherapy.Methods All patients with malignant tumors (n=113) who received carboplatin（AUC≥5）chemotherapy were randomly divided into two groups:triplet regimen group (n=56) and standard group (n=57). The patients in the olanzapine group received 5mg olanzapine combined with 5-HT3RA and dexamethasone(DXM) triplet antiemetic regimen, whereas those in the standard group received 5-HT3RA and DXM. The primary end-points of the study were the TC(total contral) during the OP(Overall phase, 0-120h), AP(acute phase, 0-24h) and DP(delayed phase, 25-120h) phase between combined 5mg olanzapine triplet regimen group and standard group. The secondary end-points were the TP (total protection) and CR (complete response) during OP, AP and DP phase between two groups. The first time to vomiting comparion between two groups was depicted by Kaplan-Meier curves. The impact of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) on the quality of life was assessed by the Functional Living Index-Emesis(FLIE). Olanzapine related side-effection was also recorded.Results: (1) The primary end-point TC rate were favorable 5mg olanzapine group than standard group during the OP 62.50% (35/56) vs 31.57% (18/57) P=0.001), AP 87.50% (49/56) vs 63.15% (36/57) P=0.003 and DP 64.28% (36/56) vs 33.33% (19/57) P=0.001 respectively. (2)The secondry end-points TP were 82.14% (46/56) vs 63.15%(36/57)(P=0.024),83.92%(47/56) vs 63.15%(36/57) (P=0.012) during the OP and DP but not get statistical significance during AP between two groups respectively.The CR rate does not get statistical significance between two groups during the three periods respectively, P>0.05;(3) It was observed longer time to first emesis in the olanzapine group than standard group from Kaplan-Meier curves.The no effection on life-quality (score≥108) assessed by FILE was 62.50% vs 43.48% between two groups, P<0.05. The most common olanzapine-related side-effection is somnolence and weakness.Conclusion: The 5mg olanzapine based triplet antiemetic regimen is effective and safety in the prevention carboplatin induced nausea and vomiting especially in the control of the nausea. Name of the registry: ChiCTR2000040566Trial registration number: ChiCTR2000040566Date of registration(retrospectively registered): 2th-12-2020URL of trial registry record:https://www.chictr.org.cn/listbycreater.aspx
An App With Brief Behavioural Support to Promote Physical Activity After a Cancer Diagnosis (APPROACH): Study Protocol for a Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Lally Phillippa , Miller Natalie , Roberts Anna , Beeken Rebecca J , Greenfield Diana M , Potts Henry WW , Counsell Nicholas , Latimer Nicholas , Thomas Chloe , Smith Lee , Gath Jacqui , Kennedy Fiona , Martin Charlene , Wyld Lynda , Fisher Abi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThere are multiple health benefits from participating in physical activity after a cancer diagnosis, but many people living with and beyond cancer (LWBC) are not meeting physical activity guidelines. App-based interventions offer a promising platform for intervention delivery. This trial aims to pilot a theory-driven, app-based intervention that promotes brisk walking among people living with and beyond cancer. The primary aim is to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of study procedures before conducting a larger randomised controlled trial (RCT).MethodsThis is an individually randomised, two-armed pilot RCT. Patients with localised or metastatic breast, prostate or colorectal cancer, who are aged 16 years or over, will be recruited from a single hospital site in South Yorkshire in the UK. The intervention includes an app designed to encourage brisk walking (Active 10) supplemented with habit-based behavioural support in the form of two brief telephone/video calls, an information leaflet and walking planners. The primary outcomes will be feasibility and acceptability of the study procedures. Demographic and medical characteristics will be collected at baseline, through self-report and hospital records. Secondary outcomes for the pilot (assessed at 0 and 3 months) will be accelerometer measured and self-reported physical activity, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, and patient reported outcomes of quality of life, fatigue, sleep, anxiety, depression, self-efficacy, and habit strength for walking. Qualitative interviews will explore experiences of participating or reasons for declining to participate. Parameters for the intended primary outcome measure (accelerometer measured average daily minutes of brisk walking (>100 steps/minute)) will inform a sample size calculation for the future RCT and a preliminary economic evaluation will be conducted. DiscussionThis pilot study will inform the design of a larger RCT to investigate the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of this intervention in people LWBC. Trial registrationISRCTN registry, ISRCTN18063498. Registered 16 April 2021. http://isrctn.com/ISRCTN18063498
Biobased plastic: A plausible solution to carbon neutrality in plastic industry
Authors: Sun Xiangfei , Zeng Eddy , Xie Meng-Yi , Song Xianzhong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Biobased plastic combined with plastic recycling could be a plausible solution for achieving carbon neutrality by plastic industry. Herein we use production data, emission factors, and future plastic demands (2021-2060) to build a model, evaluating carbon neutrality under five scenarios. Our simulation indicates that carbon neutrality can be achieved by 2060 when biobased plastics takes 90% of plastic production with near 50% of recycling ratio. The amount of carbon captured through photosynthesis surpasses that of carbon released through plastic life cycle. Recycling reduces virgin plastic production, which is the primary carbon source. A one-fold increase in the use of recycled plastics could lead to a three-fold reduction of virgin plastic production. Existing plastics stored 6.82 giga tons of carbon (GtC) in 2020, serving as an artificial carbon reservoir never recognized before. This carbon reservoir will expand to 23.0 and 27.4 GtC under 22% and 50% recycling scenarios, respectively, by 2060.
Safety and Efficacy of Hypo fractionated Stereotactic Radiosurgery in Facial Nerve Schwannoma.
Authors: Fatima Nida , Dine Anna La , Barnard Zachary R , Ko Katherine , Peng Kevin , Slattery William H , Lekovic Gregory P 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose

In the current era of modern neurosurgery, the treatment strategies have been shifted to “nerve-preservation approaches” for achieving a higher facial and hearing function preservation rate following facial nerve tumors. We have conducted this novel report on determining the outcome of patients with facial nerve schwannomas (FNS) treated with hypo fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery (hfSRS).
Methods

Retrospective chart review of a prospectively maintained database search was conducted. Patients who underwent hfSRS CyberKnife (Accuray Inc, Sunnyvale, California., USA) for FNS were included. Outcomes consisted of tumor control, facial and hearing nerve function as graded by House-Brackmann (HB) and Gardner-Robertson scale, and adverse radiation effects. SPSS 23 was used to perform statistical analysis.
Results

With an institutional board review approval, we retrospectively identified 5 patients with FNS [4 intracranial (80%) and 1 extracranial (20%)] treated with hfSRS (2011–2019). Patients received definitive SRS in 3 patients (60.0%) wile adjuvant to surgical resection in 2 patients (40.0%). A median tumor volume of 7.5 cm3 (range, 1.5–19.6 cm3) received a median prescription dose of 23.2 Gy (range, 21–25 Gy) administered in median of 3 fractions (range, 3–5 session). With a median radiographic follow-up of 31.4 months (range, 13.0–71.0 months) and clinical follow-up of 32.6 months (range, 15.1–72.0 months), the local tumor control was 100.0%. At last clinical follow-up, the facial nerve function improved or remained unchanged HB I-II in 80.0% of the patients, while the hearing nerve function improved or remained stable in 100.0% (Gardner-Robertson I-II) of the patients. Temporary clinical toxicity was seen in 3 patients (60.0%) which resolved. None of the patient developed adverse radiation effect.
Conclusion

hfSRS in FNS is safe and efficacious in terms of local tumor control, improved facial and hearing nerve function, and very low incidence of complications.
An Implementation of Yolo-family Algorithms in Classifying the Product Quality for the ABS Metallization
Authors: CHEN YUH-WEN , Shiu Jing Mau 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In the traditional electroplating industry of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), quality control inspection of the product surface is usually performed with the naked eye. However, these defects on the surface of electroplated products are minor and easily ignored under reflective conditions. If the number of defectiveness and samples is too large, manual inspection will be challenging and time-consuming. We innovatively applied Additive Manufacturing (AM) to design and assemble an automatic optical inspection (AOI) system. The system can identify defects on the reflective surface of the plated product. Based on the deep learning framework from YOLO, we successfully started the neural network model on GPU using the family of YOLO algorithms: from v2 to v5. Finally, our efforts showed an accuracy rate over an average of 70 percentage for detecting real-time video data in production lines. We also compare the classification performance among various YOLO algorithms. Our efforts of visual inspection significantly reduce the labor cost of visual inspection in the electroplating industry.
Anthropogenic restocking of gharial individuals prevents genetic isolation of gharial population in Girwa River, India by geographic barriers imposed by a barrage
Authors: Vashistha Gaurav , Deepika Sharma , Khudsar Faiyaz Ahmed , Dhakate Parag Madhukar , Kothamasi David 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) is a critically endangered fresh water crocodile endemic to the Indian subcontinent. The species has suffered > 95% decline in population and habitat size. A small population of gharials comprising of 50 breeding adults is resident in a 20 Km stretch of the River Girwa in Katerniaghat wildlife sanctuary, India. Gharials in this 20 Km stretch have been genetically isolated since 1976 by a barrage that functions as a barrier to gene flow. A captive rear and release program has been initiated since 1979 under Project Crocodile for restocking declining wild gharial populations. Thousands of gharial eggs were collected from gharial populations at Girwa and Chambal Rivers. Hatchlings from the collected eggs were captive reared at a common location in Kukrail Gharial Centre, India and released back to multiple gharial populations including the isolated population at Girwa. This restocking programme was not preceded by a genetic screening of captive animals or wild populations to identify genetic diversity and genetic structure of both captive and wild animals. In this study we investigate whether release of captive reared gharials into the resident population at Girwa River has prevented genetic isolation caused due to barriers imposed by the barrage. Using a combination of empirical analysis using microsatellite markers and a systematic review of data from previous workers on molecular characterization of gharial populations, we analysed genetic differentiation in gharial populations at Girwa and Chambal. We found similar genetic variability in gharial populations of Girwa and Chambal. There was low inter population genetic differentiation and evidences of genetic migration between the two populations. Our findings indicate that anthropogenic intervention via release of captive animals has compensated for the genetic isolation in Girwa population caused by the barrage.
Effect of nutritional status before femoral neck fracture surgery on postoperative outcomes: a retrospective study
Authors: Yokoyama Katsuya , Ukai Taku , Watanabe Masahiko 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Although nutritional status is crucial in gait recovery after femoral neck fracture surgery, the relationship between preoperative nutritional status and postoperative outcomes remains unknown. This study examined the effects of preoperative nutritional status on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing femoral neck fracture surgery.
Methods
Data regarding the joints of 137 patients (29 men, 108 women) who underwent bipolar hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fractures at our hospital from January 2015 to December 2019 were retrospectively examined. The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), an index of nutritional status, was used to classify patients into two groups: a normal group (GNRI ≥ 92; n = 62) and an undernourished group (GNRI < 92; n = 75). The study endpoints included age at surgery, sex, preoperative waiting period, intraoperative blood loss, surgery time, blood transfusion rate, complication rate, 6-month mortality rate, transfer rate, and percentage of patients unable to walk at discharge or transfer.
Results
The undernourished group was significantly older at surgery (83.3 ± 6.9 years versus [vs.] 79.6 ± 8.8 years; p < 0.01) and had a higher blood transfusion rate (41.3% [31/75] vs. 12.9% [8/62]; p < 0.01), a longer preoperative waiting period (5.5 ± 5.8 days vs. 3.9 ± 2.6 days; p < 0.05), a higher transfer rate (24% [18/75] vs. 9.7% [6/62]; p < 0.05), a higher complication rate (52% [39/75] vs. 35.5% [22/62]; p < 0.05), and a higher 6-month mortality rate (13.3% [10/75] vs. 0% [0/62]; p < 0.01) than the normal group. The most common complication was pneumonia. Patients in the undernourished group had worse rates of postoperative complications, transfer, and mortality than the normal group.
Conclusions
A poor nutritional status affects the gait function and systemic condition of patients undergoing femoral neck fracture surgery; therefore, early nutritional interventions may reduce mortality rates and shorten rehabilitation. These results suggest that the GNRI effectively predicts postoperative complications, mortality, and gait function.
Genomic Features and Comparative Genomic Analysis of novel Bacillus glycinifermentans strain JRCGR-1
Authors: Karim Asad , olivier poirot , Khatoon Ambrina , Legendre Matthieu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
To the best of our knowledge, only six B. glycinifermentans sp. genome sequences are available in the public database. Here, we performed genome sequencing and comparative genomics analysis of B. glycinifermentans strain JRCGR-1. Cluster analysis of strain JRCGR-1 genes showed that 92.6% of genes were present in the orthogroups and 7.4% genes were not assigned to any group. The pangenome size was calculated at 8329 genes and presented an open genome characteristic. Phylogeny based on the pan and core genome demonstrated that all the B. glycinifermentans strains belong to the same clade. The strain JRCGR-1, ANI, TETRA and DDH values were in the range of 96.1-99.04%, 0.996-997, 73.5–84.7%, respectively. The strain JRCGR genome exhibits a high level of synteny with multiple locations in B. sonorensis sp. and B. licheniformis sp. The finding of the current study provides knowledge that facilitates a better understanding of this at the genomic level.