bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strain engineering and bioprocessing strategies for biobased production of porphobilinogen in Escherichia coli
Authors: Lall Davinder , Miscevic Dragan , Bruder Mark , Westbrook Adam , Aucoin Marc , Moo-Young Murray , Perry Chou C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStrain engineering and bioprocessing strategies were applied for biobased production of porphobilinogen (PBG) using Escherichia coli as the cell factory. The non-native Shemin/C4 pathway was first implemented by heterologous expression of hemA from Rhodopseudomonas spheroids to supply carbon flux from the natural tricarboxylic acid (TCA) pathways for PBG biosynthesis via succinyl-CoA. Metabolic strategies were then applied for carbon flux direction from the TCA pathways to the C4 pathway. To promote PBG stability and accumulation, Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats interference (CRISPRi) was applied to repress hemC expression and, therefore, reduce carbon flowthrough toward porphyrin biosynthesis with minimal impact to cell physiology. To further enhance PBG biosynthesis and accumulation under the hemC-repressed genetic background, we further heterologously expressed native E. coli hemB. Using these engineered E. coli strains for bioreactor cultivation based on ~ 30 g L−1 glycerol, we achieved high PBG titers up to 209 mg L−1, representing 1.73% of the theoretical PBG yield, with improved PBG stability and accumulation. Potential biochemical, genetic, and metabolic factors limiting PBG production were systematically identified for characterization.
Graphical Abstract
The influence of night length: Activity of the northern bat Eptesicus nilssonii under conditions of continuous light in midnight sun compared to a southern population
Authors: Frafjord Karl 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Nearly all insectivorous bats (Chiroptera) are strictly nocturnal, flying and feeding only between sunset and sunrise despite lower insect availability than by day, most likely to avoid predation by diurnal birds. This may represent a great challenge to bats living north of the Arctic Circle, which are exposed to bright nights in the period of the midnight sun. The northern bat Eptesicus nilssonii was studied at different latitudes in Norway (69, 66 and 58°N) by three techniques; visual counts of exits from and returns to roosts, infrared detection with a datalogger and an ultrasound data recorder, to reveal how their activity varied across latitude, season, and night, as well as across light levels. How does a nocturnal bat adjust to perpetual light and what light levels are tolerated?

Results
In the north the bats’ active season lasted 2.5 months, 1.5 months shorter than in the south. The bats only flew in 3-4 weeks of midnight sun, and hardly ever left the roost until the sun went behind a hill in the evening. In addition, the timing of their nightly hunting was highly influenced by the darkness of the sky, and they very rarely flew in light levels above 200 foot-candles (FC). As the night became darker than twilight from early August, the bats restricted their activity to between sunset and sunrise. This was the normal situation in southern Norway, where the bats tracked sunset and sunrise throughout the entire season. Those bats appeared to prefer light levels below 100-50 FC and hence, also did fly in twilight conditions.

Conclusions
The willingness to fly in twilight by the southern population may be a prerequisite to the northern bat’s survival in the land of the midnight sun. These bats must accept short nights in the first part of their summer season and must be willing to fly in light levels 2-4 times higher than in the south. Most likely, this depends on a reduced predation risk and good abundance of insects at night.
The impact of a peer-based education on fruits and vegetables intake among housewives
Authors: Sheybani Roya , Hosseini Zahra , Davoodi Sayed Hossein , Aghamolaei Teamur , Ghanbarnejad Amin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Evidence indicates the lower intake of fruits and vegetables than the recommended daily amount. Study aimed at determining the effects of peer education intervention on the consumption of fruits and vegetable in housewives.

Methods
A quasi-experimental was conducted with 130 housewives referring to health care centers in Bandar Abbas, Iran. Sixty-five subjects were recruited in each of the intervention and the control groups. Intervention group were divided into three subgroups each receiving a seven-sessions educational programs (lecturing and group discussion) through peers about the importance of benefits of fruits and vegetables consumption. Participants were followed for two months. Data were collected using a questionnaire in two stages of pre- and post-intervention. Differences in the outcome before and after the intervention were tested using T-test and paired T-test.

Results
The daily servings of fruits and vegetables in the intervention group increased from 1.73 to 4.20 and in the control group from 1.96 to 2.16; a statistically significant difference was also observed between the groups (P < 0.001). After the intervention benefits and self-efficacy of fruits and vegetables consumption significantly increased and perceived barriers of fruits and vegetables consumption significantly decreased in the intervention group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Peer education improves benefits and self-efficacy, reduces barriers, and increases the daily servings of fruits and vegetables in housewives.
Postpartum hemorrhage - what the interventional radiologist should know
Authors: Menon Blaine E. , Kaufman Claire S. , Kennedy Anne M. , Ingraham Christopher R. , Monroe Eric J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPostpartum hemorrhage is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality around the world and can be caused by multiple etiologies. Distinguishing between the various etiologies that lead to PPH and identifying high risk features are crucial to implementing effective clinical management. In this review, the diagnostic imaging features and management principles of some of the most important causes of postpartum hemorrhage are discussed, with an emphasis on the pearls and pitfalls when minimally invasive treatment via interventional radiologic techniques are employed.
Leiomyosarcoma of urinary bladder with unusual recurrence in intestinal mucosa and peritoneum: a case report
Authors: Vias Poorva , Goyal Shikha , Periasamy Kannan , Madan Renu , Devana Sudheer Kumar , Bal Amanjit , Kundu Reetu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Leiomyosarcomas of urinary bladder constitute rare malignant sarcomas with very few cases reported in literature.

Case presentation
Here, we present a case of bladder leiomyosarcoma in a well-preserved female. She failed to respond to standard chemotherapy and had a rapidly downhill course with unusual metastases in anastomotic site and peritoneum soon after surgery. Despite multimodality management including resection of primary and metastatic site, systemic therapy and pelvic radiotherapy, our patient had dismal prognosis with an overall survival of 1.7 years.

Conclusion
Leiomyosarcomas of bladder are aggressive tumors and have a very poor prognosis; thus, future research should focus on optimizing more effective treatment regimes.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection Rate in Patients With Cancer and Health Care Workers in a Chemoradiotherapy Unit During the Pandemic: A Prospective Cohort in Mexico
Authors: Meneses-Medina Monica Isabel , Hernandez-Felix Jorge Humberto , Anaya-Sánchez Luis Guillermo , Valenzuela-Vidales Ana Karen , Rosas-Camargo Vanessa , Martos-Armendariz Edgar Omar , Torres-Valdiviezo Lucero Itzel , Cedro-Tanda Alberto , Noguez-Ramos Alejandro , Herrera-Montalvo Luis Alonso , Hidalgo-Miranda Alfredo , Valdez-Echeverria Raymundo David , Galindo-Fraga Arturo , Huitzil-Meléndez Fidel David 
Published: December 2021

PURPOSECancer treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic represents a challenge. Hospital visits to receive treatment and interaction with health care workers (HCW) represent potential contagious events. We aimed to determine SARS-CoV-2 infection rate among patients with cancer and HCW of a chemoradiotherapy unit localized in a center designated as a COVID-19 priority facility in Mexico City. We also determined the diagnostic performance of a clinical questionnaire (CQ) as a screening tool and anti–SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroconversion rate.METHODSHCW and patients with solid tumors attending the chemoradiotherapy unit signed informed consent. To determine SARS-CoV-2 infection rate prospectively, a nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed every 2 weeks in asymptomatics. An electronic CQ interrogating COVID-19–related symptoms was sent daily. Anti–SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were measured at baseline and at the end of the study period.RESULTSFrom June to September 2020, we included 130 asymptomatic participants, 44.6% HCW and 55.4% patients with cancer. During a median follow-up of 85 days, 634 nasopharyngeal swabs were performed. Average SARS-CoV-2 monthly incidence was 4.6% (3.15%-7.47%), and cumulative infection rate was 13.8% (18 of 130). Cases were mostly asymptomatic (66%), and no hospitalizations or deaths were recorded. The CQ as a screening tool provided a sensitivity of 27.7%, a positive predictive value of 26.3%, and a positive likelihood ratio of 12. SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroconversion rate was 27.7% among those with a positive RT-PCR.CONCLUSIONPatients with cancer on treatment can have uncomplicated COVID-19 outcomes. Biweekly RT-qPCR testing detects asymptomatic infections, prevents transmission, and should be implemented in units to increase patient safety. CQ increase RT-qPCR diagnostic yield and may prioritize testing in resource-deprived settings. Post-infection IgG seroconversion is unreliable.
Changes of FGF23 and the Renin-Angiotensin-System in Male Mouse Models of Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: Okamoto Kohei , Fujii Hideki , Watanabe Kentaro , Goto Shunsuke , Kono Keiji , Nishi Shinichi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Serum fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) are elevated in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, and their association with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has been reported. However, whether the FGF23 elevation is the cause or result of LVH remains unclear. At 10 weeks, male C57BL/6J mice were divided into 4 groups: sham, CKD (5/6 nephrectomy), LVH (transaortic constriction), and CKD/LVH group. At 16 weeks, the mice were euthanized, and blood and urine, cardiac expressions of FGF23 and RAAS-related factors, and cardiac histological analyses were performed. Heart weight, serum FGF23 levels, and cardiac expression of FGF23 and RAAS-related factors, except for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, were more increased in the CKD/LVH group compared to the other groups. A significant correlation between LVH and cardiac expressions of FGF23 and RAAS-related factors was observed. Furthermore, there was a significantly close correlation of the cardiac expression of FGF23 with LVH and RAAS-related factors. The coexisting CKD and LVH increased serum and cardiac FGF23 and RAAS-related factors, and there was a significant correlation between them. A close correlation of cardiac, but not serum FGF23, with LVH and RAAS suggests that local FGF23 levels may be associated with LVH and RAAS activation.
Redundant functions of the SLC5A transporters Rumpel, Bumpel, and Kumpel in ensheathing glial cells
Authors: Yildirim Kerem , Winkler Bente , Pogodalla Nicole , Mackensen Steffi , Baldenius Marie , Garcia Luis , Naffin Elke , Rodrigues Silke , Klämbt Christian 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Neuronal processing is energy demanding and relies on sugar metabolism. To nurture the Drosophila nervous system, the blood-brain barrier forming glial cells take up trehalose from the hemolymph and then distribute the metabolic products further to all neurons. This function is provided by glucose and lactate transporters of the solute carrier (SLC) 5A family. Here we identified three SLC5A genes that are specifically expressed in overlapping sets of CNS glial cells, rumpel, bumpel and kumpel. We generated mutants in all genes and all mutants are viable and fertile, lacking discernible phenotypes. Loss of rumpel causes subtle locomotor phenotypes and flies display increased daytime sleep. In addition, in bumpel kumpel double mutants, and to an even greater extent in rumpel bumpel kumpel triple mutants, oogenesis is disrupted at the onset of the vitollegenic phase. This indicates a partially redundant function between these genes. Rescue experiments exploring this effect indicate that oogenesis can be affected by CNS glial cells. Moreover, expression of heterologous mammalian SLC5A transporters, with known transport properties, suggest that Bumpel and/or Kumpel transport glucose or lactate. Overall, our results imply a redundancy in SLC5A nutrient sensing functions in Drosophila glial cells, affecting ovarian development and behavior.
Ras signaling and RREB1 are required for the dissociation of medial edge epithelial cells in murine palatogenesis
Authors: Inubushi Toshihiro , Fujiwara Ayaka , Hirose Takumi , Aoyama Gozo , Uchihashi Toshihiro , Yoshida Naoki , Shiraishi Yuki , Usami Yu , Kurosaka Hiroshi , Toyosawa Satoru , Tanaka Susumu , Watabe Tetsuro , Kogo Mikihiko , Yamashiro Takashi 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Cleft palate is one of the major congenital craniofacial birth defects. The etiology underlying the pathogenesis of cleft palate has yet to be fully elucidated. Dissociation of the medial edge epithelium (MEE) at the contacting region of palatal shelves and subsequent migration or apoptosis of MEE cells is required for proper MEE removal. Ras-responsive element-binding protein 1 (RREB1), a RAS transcriptional effector, has recently been shown to play a crucial role in developmental epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), in which loss of epithelial characteristics is an initial step, during mid-gastrulation of embryonic development. Interestingly, the involvement of RREB1 in cleft palate has been indicated in humans. Here, we demonstrated that pan-Ras inhibitor prevents the dissociation of MEE during murine palatal fusion. Rreb1 is expressed in the palatal epithelium during palatal fusion, and knockdown of Rreb1 in palatal organ culture resulted in palatal fusion defects by inhibiting the dissociation of MEE cells. Our present findings provide evidence that RREB1-mediated Ras signaling is required during palatal fusion. Aberrant RREB1-mediated Ras signaling might be involved in the pathogenesis of cleft palate.
Coded-pulse-bunch-laser-based single-photon lidar for fast long-distance ranging
Authors: Ding Yichen , Wu Hanxuan , Gao Xilun , Wu Bo , Shen Yonghang 
Published: December 2021

Laser ranging based on a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD), offering single-photon level high sensitivity, has been widely adopted in light detection and ranging (lidar) systems for long-distance ranging and imaging applications. Count detection through multiple pulses is commonly used when considering the existence of dark counting and strong background counting during the daytime, which improves the signal-to-noise ratio but at the expense of low detection speed. Here, we report a novel coded-pulse-bunch-laser-based single-photon lidar system, which aims to improve the ranging speed greatly and to expand the unambiguous distance to several kilometers. The schematic principle and construction of the lidar system, as well as the encoding method, are introduced. The time-of-flight (TOF) ranging information is extracted through real-time correlation between the transmitted pulse-bunch patterns and the received echo signals in a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). A daytime ranging experiment is demonstrated on a non-cooperative mountain target that is 5.4 km away. The method will be of great potential in fast three-dimension (3D) single-photon lidar imaging application for its relatively high data refreshing rate and large unambiguous distance.
Leprosy and cutaneous leishmaniasis affecting the same individuals: A retrospective cohort analysis in a hyperendemic area in Brazil
Authors: Carvalho Amanda Gabriela de , Tiwari Anuj , Luz João Gabriel Guimarães , Nieboer Daan , Steinmann Peter , Richardus Jan Hendrik , Ignotti Eliane 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundLeprosy and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) are neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affecting the skin. Their control is challenging but the integration of skin NTDs control programs is recommended to improve timely detection and treatment. However, little is known about the occurrence of leprosy and CL in the same individuals, and what are the characteristics of such patients. This study aimed to identify and characterize patients diagnosed with both leprosy and CL (i.e., outcome) in the hyperendemic state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Also, we investigated the demographic risk factors associated with the period between the diagnosis of both diseases.Methodology/principal findingsA retrospective cohort study was conducted with patients diagnosed between 2008 and 2017. From the leprosy (n = 28,204) and CL (n = 24,771) databases of the national reporting system, 414 (0.8%; 414/52,561) patients presenting both diseases were identified through a probabilistic linkage procedure. This observed number was much higher than the number of patients that would be expected by chance alone (n = 22). The spatial distribution of patients presenting the outcome was concentrated in the North and Northeast mesoregions of the state. Through survival analysis, we detected that the probability of a patient developing both diseases increased over time from 0.2% in the first year to 1.0% within seven years. Further, using a Cox model we identified male sex (HR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.7–2.9) and low schooling level (HR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.2–1.9) as positively associated with the outcome. Furthermore, the hazard of developing the outcome was higher among individuals aged 40–55 years.Conclusions/significanceLeprosy and CL are affecting the same individuals in the area. Integration of control policies for both diseases will help to efficiently cover such patients. Measures should be focused on timely diagnosis by following-up patients diagnosed with CL, active case detection, and training of health professionals.
The impact of conducting preclinical systematic reviews on researchers and their research: A mixed method case study
Authors: Menon Julia M. L. , Ritskes-Hoitinga Merel , Pound Pandora , van Oort Erica 
Published: December 2021

Background
Systematic reviews (SRs) are cornerstones of evidence-based medicine and have contributed significantly to breakthroughs since the 1980’s. However, preclinical SRs remain relatively rare despite their many advantages. Since 2011 the Dutch health funding organisation (ZonMw) has run a grant scheme dedicated to promoting the training, coaching and conduct of preclinical SRs. Our study focuses on this funding scheme to investigate the relevance, effects and benefits of conducting preclinical SRs on researchers and their research.

Methods
We recruited researchers who attended funded preclinical SR workshops and who conducted, are still conducting, or prematurely stopped a SR with funded coaching. We gathered data using online questionnaires followed by semi-structured interviews. Both aimed to explore the impact of conducting a SR on researchers’ subsequent work, attitudes, and views about their research field. Data-analysis was performed using Excel and ATLAS.ti.

Results
Conducting preclinical SRs had two distinct types of impact. First, the researchers acquired new skills and insights, leading to a change in mindset regarding the quality of animal research. This was mainly seen in the way participants planned, conducted and reported their subsequent animal studies, which were more transparent and of a higher quality than their previous work. Second, participants were eager to share their newly acquired knowledge within their laboratories and to advocate for change within their research teams and fields of interest. In particular, they emphasised the need for preclinical SRs and improved experimental design within preclinical research, promoting these through education and published opinion papers.

Conclusion
Being trained and coached in the conduct of preclinical SRs appears to be a contributing factor to many beneficial changes which will impact the quality of preclinical research in the long-term. Our findings suggest that this ZonMw funding scheme is helpful in improving the quality and transparency of preclinical research. Similar funding schemes should be encouraged, preferably by a broader group of funders or financers, in the future.
Association of treatments for acute appendicitis with pregnancy outcomes in the United States from 2000 to 2016: Results from a multi-level analysis
Authors: Yang Jianzhou , Wen Shi Wu , Krewski Daniel , Corsi Daniel J. , Walker Mark , Mattison Donald , Moog Ryan , McNair Doug , Huang Huiping , Zhuang Guihua 
Published: December 2021

Background
Open appendectomy, laparoscopic appendectomy, and non-surgical treatment are three options to treat acute appendicitis during pregnancy. Previous studies on the association of different treatment methods for acute appendicitis with pregnancy outcomes have been limited by small sample sizes and residual confounding, especially with respect to hospital-level factors. This study aimed to investigate the association of treatment method for acute appendicitis with pregnancy outcomes using a multi-level analysis.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted based on a large electronic health records database in the United States during the period 2000 to 2016. All pregnancies diagnosed with acute appendicitis and treated in participating hospitals during the study period were included. We conducted multi-level hierarchical logistic regression to analyze both individual- and hospital-level factors for abortion, preterm labor, and cesarean section.

Results
A total of 10,271 acute appendicitis during pregnancy were identified during the study period. Of them, 5,872 (57.2%) were treated by laparoscopic appendectomy, 1,403 (13.7%) by open appendectomy, and 2,996 (29.2%) by non-surgical treatment. Compared with open appendectomy, both laparoscopic appendectomy (adjusted OR, 0.6, 95% CI, 0.4, 0.9) and non-surgical treatment (adjusted OR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.3–0.7) showed a decreased risk of preterm labor. Other important individual-level determinants of adverse pregnancy outcomes included maternal age, gestational hypertension, and anemia during pregnancy, the hospital-level determinant included the number of beds.

Conclusions
Compared with open appendectomy, both laparoscopic appendectomy and non-surgical treatment may be associated with a lower risk of preterm labor, without increased risks of abortion and cesarean section.