bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field and Numerical Modelling Investigations on the Stability of Underground Strata during Longwall Workings
Authors: Budi G , Rao Kolikipogu Nageswara , Mohanty Punit 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Understanding the behaviour of underground workings is essential for the success of any mining method. The longwall mining method is one of the predominant underground methods to extract coal. Since 1978, in India, 22 underground coal mines of different collieries have been implemented the mechanized longwall method. SCCL is one of that colliery has mixed working experiences with longwall method in their mines. The longwall faces in GDK-10A, JK-5, and VK-7 of SCCL had produced good results, but the faces in GDK-7, GDK-9, GDK-11A, and PVK-5 had suffered due to the geological disturbances and unavailability of real-time information about the strata behaviour. By addressing the previous experiences of longwall workings, Singareni Collieries Company Limited (SCCL) has implemented a high capacity (1 × 1152T) powered support system in Adriyala Longwall Project (ALP) at a depth of 375m. In this study, extensive field monitoring with different strata monitoring instruments was conducted in ALP to analyze the gate roads convergence, stress variation on longwall and chain pillars at different stages of extraction (i.e., 8m, 25m, 35m, and 45m) and the pressure variation on the powered support systems. It was observed from the results that the convergence in the gate roads was increasing with the advance of the longwall face and the area of exposure. The pressure of the legs on the dip side was less than the pressure of the legs on the rise side, which implies a stable roof condition over the longwall face. To better understand the behaviour of ALP workings, a numerical modelling study with FLAC 7.0 has been conducted with actual physio-mechanical properties. The computed numerical modelling results have been remarkably well in consistent with the field monitoring results. The stability of chain pillars has been estimated at every stage of extraction by the Factor of Safety (FoS) criterion and it was found that the pillars could be ensured stability in longwall workings.
Genome Sequencing and Analysis Reveal the Mechanism of Terpenoids Biosynthesis in Deep-See-Derived Fungus Aspergillus Tubingensis
Authors: Lin Shan , Hu Shiping , Han Zhenyun , Chen Xiaoni , Lu Xueying , Wu Fenfang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In recent years, deep-sea-derived fungi have become an important source of marine natural products. Aspergillus tubingensis is extremely rich in secondary metabolites, which is a valuable deep-sea-derived fungus needs to be further explored. So far, many small molecular compounds with novel structure and significant biological activity have been discovered from A. tubingensis, among which terpenoids account for about 20%, showing great research potential in anti-tumor, antiviral and antibacteria. Although more and more new terpenoids have been discovered from A. tubingensis and their structures have been identified, few studies have investigated the biosynthetic pathway of terpenoid. In order to further elucidate the mechanism of terpenoid biosynthesis, the key genes and enzymes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis were successfully mined and further analyzed based on genome sequencing analysis. Subsequently, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase, mevalonate kinase, phosphomevalonate kinase as well as diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase were annotated, which played important roles in terpenoid biosynthesis of A. tubingensis. Furthermore, the biosynthetic pathway of terpenoid in A. tubingensis has been constructed, which could be applied to develop the metabolic regulation of A. tubingensis. This study would provide more sufficient scientific basis and new ideas for the genetic regulation of terpenoid biosynthesis in A. tubingensis.
Bioprocess Optimization of Glutathione Production by Saccharomyces Boulardii: Biochemical Characterization of Glutathione Peroxidase
Authors: Badr Hossam , El-Baz Ashraf , Mohamed Ismail , Shetaia Yousseria , El-Sayed Ashraf , Sorour Noha 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The well-known probiotic GRAS Saccharomyces boulardii (CNCM I-745) was used for the first time to produce glutathione (GSH). The culture conditions affecting GSH biosynthesis were screened using a Plackett-Burman design (PBD). Analyzing the regression coefficients for 12 tested variables; 6 of them, including yeast extract, glucose, peptone and cysteine; temperature and agitation rate had a positive significant effect on GSH production with a maximum production of 192 mg/L. The impact of addition time of cysteine was investigated in 19 experiments during the growth time course (0-36 h), the best addition time was 8h post-inoculation producing 235 mg/L of GSH. The most significant variables were further explored at 5-levels using Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD), giving a maximum production of GSH (552 mg/L). Using baffled flasks, the GSH was increased to 730 mg/L, i.e 1.32-folds increment than obtained using CCRD. The two rate-limiting genes of GSH biosynthesis “γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (gsh1) and GSH-synthetase (gsh2) were amplified and sequenced to validate the GSH biosynthetic potency of S. boulardii. The sequences of genes showed 99% similarity with gsh1 and gsh2 genes of S. cerevisiae. Glutathione peroxidase was purified and characterized from S. boulardii with molecular mass and subunit structure of 80 kDa and 35 kDa as revealed from native and SDS-PAGE, ensuring its homodimeric identity. The activity of GPx was reduced by 2.5-folds upon demetallization confirming its metalloproteinic identity. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by hydroxylamine and DTNB, ensuring the implication of surface lysine and cysteine residues on the enzyme active site domains.
Association Between Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Osteoarthritis
Authors: Han A Lum , Kim Youngjon 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The prevalence of knee osteoarthritis is increasing due to population aging and an increase in obesity. Besides the mechanical stress caused by weight-bearing and age, osteoarthritis is associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Aim: We analyzed the association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and knee osteoarthritis.Methods: This cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted among adults aged >50 years that were enrolled from the 5th National Health and Nutrition Survey (2010–2012). After excluding those diagnosed with chronic diseases, liver diseases, and a history of excessive alcohol consumption, 2,193 individuals were included. A hepatic steatosis index >36 and <30 was considered to indicate the presence and absence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, respectively. Knee osteoarthritis was diagnosed according to the Kellgren–Lawrence grade based on knee radiography findings. Results: The risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was 3.653 times higher in the mild osteoarthritis group than in the normal group, and 11.969 and 6.331 times higher in patients with moderate osteoarthritis and severe osteoarthritis, respectively.Conclusions: We found that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was significantly associated with knee osteoarthritis, and that different odds ratios for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were observed depending on the severity of the knee osteoarthritis.
Confined Electrochemical Behaviors of Single Platinum Nanoparticles Revealing Ultrahigh Density of Gas Molecules inside a Nanobubble
Authors: Ma Wei , Sun Ze-Hui , Gu Zhihao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Understanding the basic physicochemical properties of gas molecules confined within nanobubbles is of fundamental importance for chemical and biological process. Here we successfully monitored the nanobubble-confined electrochemical behaviors of single platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) at a carbon fiber ultramicroelectrode in HClO4 and H2O2 solution. Owing to the catalytic decomposition of H2O2, a single oxygen nanobubble formed on individual PtNPs to block the active surface of particle for proton reduction and suppress their stochastic motion, resulting in significantly distinguished current traces. Furthermore, the combination of theoretical calculation and high-resolution electrochemical measurement allowed the size of nanobubble and the oxygen gas density inside a single nanobubble to be quantified. And the ultrahigh oxygen density inside (9286 kg/m3) was revealed, indicating gas molecules in a nanosized space existed with a high state of aggregation. Our approach sheds light on gas aggregation behaviors of nanoscale bubbles using single-entity electrochemical measurement.
Uncovering Genomic Regions Regulating the Superoxide Dismutase, Flavonoids, Anthocyanins, Carotenoids, γ-Oryzanol and Antioxidant Activity in Rice Through Association Mapping
Authors: Pandit E , Sanghamitra P , Barik SR , Bastia R , Mohanty SP , Behera A , Moharana A , Basak N , Pradhan SK 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Consumption of antioxidants rich rice has impressive health benefits. Five antioxidant traits viz., superoxide dismutase, flavonoids, anthocyanins, γ-oryzanol and ABTS were mapped in a panel population using 136 SSR markers through association mapping. A panel population containing 120 germplasm lines by including genotypes from all the phenotypic groups of the six antioxidant traits from the original shortlisted 270 rice genotypes. Donor lines rich in multiple antioxidant compounds were identified from the population. The population was classified into 4 genetic groups and showed fair degree of correspondence with the antioxidants content. A total of 14 significant marker-trait associations for antioxidants were detected of which 3 QTLs namely qANC3, qPAC12-2 for anthocyanin content and qAC12 for ABTS activity were validated in the population. Eleven putative QTLs such as qTAC1.1 and qTAC5.1 for anthocyanin content; qSOD1.1, qSOD5.1 and qSOD10.1 for SOD; qTFC6.1, qTFC11.1 and qTFC12.1 for TFC; qOZ8.1 and qOZ11.1 for γ-oryzanol and qAC11.1 for ABTS were detected to be novel loci. Co-localization of the QTLs detected for OZ11.1, TFC11.1 and AC11.1 regulating γ-oryzanol, flavonoid and anthocyanin content, respectively while PAC12.2 for anthocyanin content remained closer to TFC12.1 for flavonoid content. These QTLs will be useful in the antioxidant improvement programs in rice.
Role of Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) in the Paediatric Population With Blunt Abdominal Trauma: a Prospective Single Center Case Series
Authors: Deftereos Savvas , Skarentzos Konstantinos , Foutzitzi Soultana , Aggelidou Maria , Oikonomou Panagoula , Kambouri Katerina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aim: The aim of our study is to evaluate the diagnostic ability of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in pediatric population with history of blunt abdominal trauma (BAT). Materials and Methods: In an eight-year period (1/2012-1/2020) fifty-nine children (4-14 years old) were transferred to Emergency Department with referred BAT. The initial imaging method was ultrasound scan (US). Thirty-two children were discharged in good condition 24/hours after their admission. The rest 27 with moderate to severe injuries and according to their laboratory tests and US results, were evaluated with CEUS and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT).Results: Five children were confirmed with splenic injury, two with liver lacerations, one with liver lacerations and right kidney contusion, while in nineteen, no visceral pathology was found by US, CEUS and CECT. The CEUS and CECT were in complete agreement. In contrary, unenhanced-US showed in eleven children free peritoneal fluid and in two possible parenchymal lesions. In two of the patients with negative US-study splenic contusions in CECT and CEUS were revealed. The CEUS study was also used as follow-up method. No adverse reactions were observed from CEUS contrast agent in all patients (27) follow-up in 1-week and in 6-months period. Furthermore, in 27 patients no adverse reactions were observed from CEUS contrast agent in a 1-year period. Conclusion: CEUS is effective, easily performed, low cost and radiation free, imaging method. It is ideal both for initial and follow up evaluation of trauma and thus we encourage the usage of the method in paediatric BAT cases.
Modelling the Behaviour of Thermal Energy Harvesting Devices With Phase-change Materials
Authors: Kulish Vladimir , Hyhlík Tomáš , Sláma Pavel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The paper presents a general theoretical model of the behaviour of thermal energy harvesting devices (TEHDs), in which phase-change materials (PCMs) are used for energy storage. The main aim of the model is to establish a set of conditions, under which these devices operate in an optimal way, that is, achieve the highest thermal buffering capacity and rapidly exchange heat with the adjacent phase. An expression for the characteristic harvesting time is derived under the optimal performance assumption from the constructal theory viewpoint. A dimensionless criterion, which characterises the performance of PCMs is introduced. Further, a non-field solution of the energy equation governing the heat transfer process within TEHDs with PCMs has been obtained. An expression for the effective thermal effusivity is then derived. Finally, a concise procedure for the best choice of PCMs in TEHDs under a given set of the boundary conditions and geometrical constraints has been formulated.
Lentiviral and AAV-mediated Expression of Palivizumab Offer protection against Respiratory Syncytial Virus infection
Authors: Antepowicz Agata , Habib Omar , Kirsebom Freja , Johansson Cecilia , Gill Deborah R. , Hyde Stephen C. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a common cause of hospitalisation in infants and the elderly. Palivizumab prophylaxis is the only approved treatment modality but is costly and only offered to select vulnerable populations. Here, we investigated gene delivery approaches via recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV2/8) and simian immunodeficiency virus (rSIV.F/HN) vectors to achieve sustained in vivo production of palivizumab in a murine model. Delivery of palivizumab-expressing vectors 28 days prior to RSV challenge resulted in complete protection from RSV-induced weight loss. This approach offers prophylaxis against RSV infection, allowing for wider use and reduction in treatment costs in vulnerable populations.
Strategies Used by Clinical Champions to De-Implement a Low-Value Care Service
Authors: Parchman Michael L , Palazzo Lorella G , Mogk Jessica M , Webbon Janna C , Demosthenes Lauren D , Vossenkemper Elizabeth , Hoke George , Moskovitz Joshua , Dunlap Leslie , Carpio Roberto Diaz del 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Clinical champions are front-line clinicians who advocate for and influence practice change in their local context. The strategies they use when leading efforts to de-implement the use of a low-value service have not been well described. The purpose of this study is to identify and describe important strategies used by six clinical champions who launched a de-implementation project as part of a fellowship training experience.Methods: Fellows participated in a two-round modified Delphi survey to identify the key strategies they used during their de-implementation project. In the second round the fellows were asked to identify one important strategy they would be willing to discuss in an interview. A 30-minute semi-structured interview was conducted with each fellow, transcribed and thematically analyzed.Results: The six strategies were: build a coalition, conduct a local needs assessment, develop a formal implementation blueprint, conduct educational meetings, use facilitation, and develop clinical reminders. Additional common strategies that emerged across the interviews were the use of data to engage clinicians in conversations, including the patient’s perspective in designing the interventions, and investing the time upfront to plan and launch the initiative because of the inherent challenges of relinquishing a service. Conclusions: Clinical champions identified multiple strategies as important when de-implementing a low-value service. Many were used to engage in conversations with stakeholders, including leadership, providers, and patients, to increase buy-in and support, challenge beliefs, promote behavior change, and gather insights about next steps in their effort to support de-implementing their chosen low-value service. Future work is needed to better understand how prepare clinicians for this role and to understand the mechanisms through which these strategies might be effective.
What Happens to Adipokines and Cytokine in Overweight and Obese Girls with Central Precocious Puberty When They Exercise and Stop Exercising? A randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Shokri Elnaz , pour Ali Heidarian , Razavi Zahra 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

we investigate the levels of adiponectin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and signs of puberty progression after 12-weeks of combined exercise and 4-weeks of detraining.
Methods

Thirty overweight and obese girls (age7-9) with precocious puberty who injected Differlin were randomly divided into two groups (exercise and control). At the beginning, blood samples were obtained from all subjects and serum levels of adiponectin, resistin and TNF-α were measured. Exercise group performed 60minutes of combined (aerobic and resistance) exercises 3 times a week for 12-weeks.Control group did not receive any exercise. 48 hours after the last training session and after four weeks of detraining, blood samples were collected in the second and third stage, respectively. Blood samples were collected from the control group in both steps. BMI, cholesterol, triglyceride, signs of puberty progression (bone age, uterine lengths, ovarian volumes), luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured on all three occasions.
Results

In the exercise group, adiponectin significantly increased and resistin significantly decreased after 12-weeks. After 4-weeks of detraining, adiponectin significantly decreased and resistin significantly increased. TNF-α levels did not change significantly during the study. There was no significant difference in all of the factors in the control group. Throughout the 16-week study period, the rate of puberty and LH significantly decreased in both exercise and control groups but FSH and LH/FSH significantly decreased in exercise group, alone.
Conclusion

Combined exercise increased adiponectin and decreased resistin and rate of puberty. After 4-weeks of detraining, these effects diminished but did not disappear.
Trial registration:

Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN39938. Registered 24 may 2021 - Retrospectively registered, https://www.isrctn.com/trialist
A Retrospective Study of Invasive Fungal Disease Treated by High Dosage Micafungin Therapy VS Standard Micafungin Therapy Among Patients with Hematologic Diseases.
Authors: Li Jia , Lv Ying , Zhang Guojun , Hu Rong , Wang Hong-Tao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The standard (150mg/day) micafungin treatment regimen, is an effective and well tolerated empirical therapy for invasive fungal disease (IFD) among hematologic patients; however, experience with high dosage (200-300mg/day) micafungin treatment is limited. We retrospectively evaluated both safety and effectiveness of micafungin as an empirical antifungal therapy via standard and high dosage treatments for IFD.Methods: Patients were considered to be qualified for this analysis if they were proven, probable, or possible diagnosed as IFD. Patients without any previous exposure to an echinocandin were included; for those who changed treatment dosages and had previously received another systemic therapy except fluconazole for prevention were excluded. Safety and effectiveness were evaluated in all participated patients. IFD was diagnosed and classified according to standards defined by both European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer / Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group, and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group Consensus Group.Results: Totally 72 hematologic patients participated this study. 45 patients were received a standard (150mg/day)micafungin treatment, and 27 patients were received a high dosage (200-300mg/day)micafungin treatment. Neutropenia status were similar between two groups (37.78% and 33.33%), so were other underlying risk factors. The mean duration of therapy were 15.27 days (Range: 7-47 days) in standard micafungin group, and 14.96 days (Range: 7-51 days) in high dosagemicafungin group. Drug related adverse events (AEs) occurred in 11.11% of patients received the standard regimen, and 14.81% of patients received the high dosage regimen (difference, 3.70%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -5.75% to 10.89%; statistically insignificant). The most common drug related AEs in the standard and high dosage treatment groups were liver dysfunction. Only 1 patient discontinued standard micafungin treatment, because liver function test value is 5 times greater than the upper limit of normal value. 86.67% of patients from standard treatment group, and 88.89% of patients from high dosage treatment group had favorable overall responses (difference, 2.22%; 95% CI, -4.94% to 8.64%; statistically insignificant).Conclusion: Both micafungin dosing treatments were effective, and well tolerated among hematologic patients with invasive fungal infection. Therefore, there hasn’t arisen any safety concern of high dosage(200-300mg/day) micafungin treatment.
Cinobufagin-Induced DNA Damage Response Activates G2/M Checkpoint and Apoptosis to Cause Selective Cytotoxicity in Cancer Cells
Authors: Niu Jiajing , Wang Jiamei , Zhang Qi , Zou Zhihua , Ding Yushuang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Processed extracts from toad skin and parotoid gland have long been used to treat various illnesses including cancer in many Asian countries. Recent studies have uncovered a family of bufadienolides as the responsible pharmacological compounds, and the two major molecules, cinobufagin and bufalin, have been shown to possess robust antitumor activity; however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.Methods: Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by DCFH-DA staining and flow cytometry, and DNA damage was analyzed by immunofluorescent staining and the alkaline comet assay. Cytotoxicity was measured by MTT as well as colony formation assays, and cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. In addition, apoptosis was further characterized by TUNEL and mitochondrial membrane poten­tial assays. Results: Here we showed that sublethal doses of cinobufagin suppressed the viability of many cancer but not noncancerous cell lines. This tumor-selective cytotoxicity was preceded by a rapid, cancer-specific increase in cellular ROS and was significantly reduced by the ROS inhibitor N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), indicating oxidative stress as the primary source of cinobufagin-induced cancer cell toxicity. Sublethal cinobufagin-induced ROS overload resulted in oxidative DNA damage and intense replication stress in cancer cells, leading to strong DNA damage response (DDR) signaling. Subsequent phosphorylation of CDC25C and stabilization of p53 downstream of DDR resulted in activation of the G2/M checkpoint followed by induction of apoptosis. These data indicate that cinobufagin suppresses cancer cell viability via DDR-mediated G2 arrest and apoptosis.Conclusion: As elevated oxidative pressure is shared by most cancer cells that renders them sensitive to further oxidative insult, these studies suggest that nontoxic doses of cinobufagin can be used to exploit a cancer vulnerability for induction of cancer-specific cytotoxicity.