bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concentration and quantification of Tilapia tilapinevirus from water using a simple iron flocculation coupled with probe-based RT-qPCR
Authors: Taengphu Suwimon , Kayansamruaj Pattanapon , Kawato Yasuhiko , Delamare-Deboutteville Jerome , Mohan Chadag Vishnumurthy , Dong Ha Thanh , Senapin Saengchan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTilapia tilapinevirus (also known as tilapia lake virus, TiLV) is an important virus responsible for die-off of farmed tilapia globally. Detection and quantification of the virus from environmental DNA/RNA (eDNA/eRNA) using pond water represents a potential, noninvasive routine approach for pathogen monitoring and early disease forecasting in aquaculture systems. Here, we report a simple iron flocculation method for viral concentration from water combined with a newly developed hydrolysis probe quantitative RT-qPCR method for detection and quantification of TiLV. The RT-qPCR method targeting a conserved region of TiLV genome segment 9 has a detection limit of 10 viral copies per µL of template. The method had a 100% analytical specificity and sensitivity for TiLV. The optimized iron flocculation method was able to recover 16.11 ± 3.3% of virus from water samples spiked with viral cultures. During disease outbreak cases from an open-caged system and a closed hatchery system, both tilapia and water samples were collected for detection and quantification of TiLV. The results revealed that TiLV was detected from both clinically sick fish and asymptomatic fish. Most importantly, the virus was successfully detected from water samples collected from different locations in the affected farms e.g. river water samples from affected cages (8.50 × 102 to 2.79 × 104 copies/L) and fish-rearing water samples, sewage, and reservoir (4.29 × 102 to 3.53 × 103 copies/L) from affected and unaffected ponds of the hatchery. In summary, this study suggests that the eRNA detection system using iron flocculation coupled with probe based-RT-qPCR is feasible for concentration and quantification of TiLV from water. This approach might be useful for noninvasive monitoring of TiLV in tilapia aquaculture systems and facilitating appropriate decisions on biosecurity interventions needed.
Molecular Understanding of Calorimetric Protein Unfolding Experiments
Authors: Seelig Joachim , Seelig Anna 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTProtein unfolding is a dynamic cooperative equilibrium between short lived protein conformations. The Zimm-Bragg theory is an ideal algorithm to handle cooperative processes. Here, we extend the analytical capabilities of the Zimm-Bragg theory in two directions. First, we combine the Zimm-Bragg partition function Z(T) with statistical-mechanical thermodynamics, explaining the thermodynamic system properties enthalpy, entropy and free energy with molecular parameters only. Second, the molecular enthalpy h0to unfold a single amino acid residue is made temperature-dependent. The addition of a heat capacity term cvallows predicting not only heat denaturation, but also cold denaturation. Moreover, it predicts the heat capacity increasein protein unfolding. The theory is successfully applied to differential scanning calorimetry experiments of proteins of different size and structure, that is, gpW62 (62aa), ubiquitin (74aa), lysozyme (129aa), metmyoglobin (153aa) and mAb monoclonal antibody (1290aa). Particular attention was given to the free energy, which can easily be obtained from the heat capacity Cp(T). The DSC experiments reveal a zero free energy for the native protein with an immediate decrease to negative free energies upon cold and heat denaturation. This trapezoidal shape is precisely reproduced by the Zimm-Bragg theory, whereas the so far applied non-cooperative 2-state model predicts a parabolic shape with a positive free energy maximum of the native protein. We demonstrate that the molecular parameters of the Zimm-Bragg theory have a well-defined physical meaning. In addition to predicting protein stability, independent of protein size, they yield estimates of unfolding kinetics and can be connected to molecular dynamics calculations.
Adverse Outcomes in Pulmonary Tuberculosis patients on Retreatment Regimen: Evaluation of Pharmacokinetic Estimates as Risk Indicators
Authors: Mohan Anant , Bhatnagar Anuj , Gupta Tarang , Kanswal Sunita , Das Ujjalkumar , Velpandian Thirumurthy , Guleria Randeep , Singh Urvashi B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPatients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) who fail therapy or develop a relapse are initiated on re-treatment regimen. These patients are known to have adverse outcomes. This study aimed to determine the role of plasma levels of Anti-tubercular drugs in treatment outcome. Plasma levels of retreatment regimen drugs [Isoniazid(INH), Rifampicin(RIF), Pyrazinamide(PZA), Ethambutol(EMB), and Streptomycin(STM)] were compared between treatment responsive/cured and treatment failure/not-cured patients. Plasma drug levels were analysed by LC-MS/MS at different time points in 134 PTB patients on retreatment regimen. Of the 134 subjects, 108 were cured, 17 patients developed multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB), and 9 patients remained smear positive at treatment completion (8 months). The two-hour plasma levels (C2hr) (geometric mean) were lower in ‘Not Cured’ subjects compared to ‘Cured’ subjects Notably, in the 26 ‘Not Cured’ subjects, C2hrplasma levels after first dose at Day0 were significantly low (INH: 0.86 vs 2.94 µg/ml p≤0.002, RIF: 0.56 vs 2.55 µg/ml p≤0.003, PZA: 1.85 vs 26.58 µg/ml p≤0.000 and EMB: 0.72 vs 1.53 µg/ml p≤0.010). In contrast, STM levels were higher (31.84 vs 18.08 µg/ml p ≤0.007). Based on ROC analysis of the data, therapeutic indicator values for successful treatment outcome were C2hrplasma levels of 10.6 µg/ml for PZA, 1.14 µg/ml for RIF, 1.86 µg/ml for INH and 1.24 µg/ml for EMB. Therapeutic failure in PTB patients on retreatment regimen is associated with lower plasma drug levels. Therapeutic drug monitoring would prove useful to maintain drug levels above the minimum cut-off levels for obtaining favourable clinical outcome.
Robust fault-tolerant flight path angle control
Authors: Dhadekar Dinesh D. , Misra Ajay , Talole S.E. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
The purpose of the paper is to design a nonlinear dynamic inversion (NDI) based robust fault-tolerant control (FTC) for aircraft longitudinal dynamics subject to system nonlinearities, aerodynamic parametric variations, external wind disturbances and fault/failure in actuator.

Design/methodology/approach
An uncertainty and disturbance estimator (UDE) technique is used to provide estimate of total disturbance enabling its rejection and thereby achieving robustness to the proposed NDI controller. As needed in the NDI design, the successive derivatives of the output are obtained through an UDE robustified observer making the design implementable. Further, a control allocation scheme consigns control command from primary actuator to the secondary one in the event of fault/failure in the primary actuator.

Findings
The robustness is achieved against the perturbations mentioned above in the presence of actuator fault/failure.

Practical implications
Lyapunov analysis proves practical stability of the controller–observer structure. The efficacy and superiority of the proposed design has been demonstrated through Monte-Carlo simulation.

Originality/value
Unlike in many FTC designs, robustness is provided against system nonlinearities, aerodynamic parametric variations, external wind disturbances and sinusoidal input disturbance using a single control law which caters for fault-free, as well as faulty actuator scenario.
A brain-inspired localization system for the UAV based on navigation cells
Authors: Chao Lijun , Xiong Zhi , Liu Jianye , Yang Chuang , Chen Yudi 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
To solve problems of low intelligence and poor robustness of traditional navigation systems, the purpose of this paper is to propose a brain-inspired localization method of the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).

Design/methodology/approach
First, the yaw angle of the UAV is obtained by modeling head direction cells with one-dimension continuous attractor neural network (1 D-CANN) and then inputs into 3D grid cells. After that, the motion information of the UAV is encoded as the firing of 3 D grid cells using 3 D-CANN. Finally, the current position of the UAV can be decoded from the neuron firing through the period-adic method.

Findings
Simulation results suggest that continuous yaw and position information can be generated from the conjunctive model of head direction cells and grid cells.

Originality/value
The proposed period-adic cell decoding method can provide a UAV with the 3 D position, which is more intelligent and robust than traditional navigation methods.
Design and simulation in SAR satellites’ task planning system using genetic algorithm with entropy operator
Authors: Liu Wan , Li Zeyu , Chen Li , Zhang Dexin , Shao Xiaowei 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to innovatively propose to improve the efficiency of satellite observation and avoid the waste of satellite resources, a genetic algorithm with entropy operator (GAE) of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellites’ task planning algorithm.

Design/methodology/approach
The GAE abbreviated as GAE introduces the entropy value of each orbit task into the fitness calculation of the genetic algorithm, which makes the orbit with higher entropy value more likely to be selected and participate in the remaining process of the genetic algorithm.

Findings
The simulation result shows that in a condition of the same calculate ability, 85% of the orbital revisit time is unchanged or decreased and 30% is significantly reduced by using the GAE compared with traditional task planning genetic algorithm, which indicates that the GAE can improve the efficiency of satellites’ task planning.

Originality/value
The GAE is an optimization of the traditional genetic algorithm. It combines entropy in thermodynamics with task planning problems. The algorithm considers the whole lifecycle of task planning and gets the desired results. It can greatly improve the efficiency of task planning in observation satellites and shorten the entire task execution time. Then, using the GAE to complete SAR satellites’ task planning is of great significance in reducing satellite operating costs and emergency rescue, which brings certain economic and social benefits.
Weierstrass points on modular curves X0(N) fixed by the Atkin–Lehner involutions
Authors: Bojakli Mustafa , Sankari Hasan 
Published: August 2021

PurposeThe authors have determined whether the points fixed by all the full and the partial Atkin–Lehner involutions WQ on X0(N) for N ≤ 50 are Weierstrass points or not.Design/methodology/approachThe design is by using Lawittes's and Schoeneberg's theorems.FindingsFinding all Weierstrass points on X0(N) fixed by some Atkin–Lehner involutions. Besides, the authors have listed them in a table.Originality/valueThe Weierstrass points have played an important role in algebra. For example, in algebraic number theory, they have been used by Schwartz and Hurwitz to determine the group structure of the automorphism groups of compact Riemann surfaces of genus g ≥ 2. Whereas in algebraic geometric coding theory, if one knows a Weierstrass nongap sequence of a Weierstrass point, then one is able to estimate parameters of codes in a concrete way. Finally, the set of Weierstrass points is useful in studying arithmetic and geometric properties of X0(N).
Lotka’s law and author productivity pattern of research in law discipline
Authors: Sahu Archana , Jena Puspanjali 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
This study aims to analyze the productivity patterns of authors using law literature indexed in Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) from 2016 to 2020 based on Lotka’s law. Lotka’s law of scientific productivity provides a platform for studying the variation between the actual and expected authors’ productivity patterns in a subject area over a specified period.

Design/methodology/approach
This study covers 3,334 open access journal articles in law subject. The law journals are subdivided into two basic divisions, namely, public law and private law. This paper focuses on the journal-wise distribution of publications, subject-wise distribution of publications, annual growth rate (AGR) as well as compound AGR and applicability of Lotka’s law in both public and private law by applying the least square method followed by Pao and doing the K-S goodness-of-fit test. Student’s t-test and chi-square test have been applied to verify the significant difference between the public law and the private law literature.

Findings
There is no significant difference between the public law and private law publications on their publications per issue. The chi-square test showed that there is no significant difference between the year-wise publications in public law and private law. The authorship productivity in public law differs from the distribution of Lotka’s inverse square law, whereas it follows Lotka’s law in the case of private law.

Research limitations/implications
This study is based on the articles published in open access English language journals which are indexed in the DOAJ.

Originality/value
This study will be useful to know the authorship productivity pattern of law literature for both public and private law individually.
Exploring the key challenges facing company secretaries in a two-tier board context
Authors: Peij Stefan , Bezemer Pieter-Jan 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
This study aims to examine the core challenges facing company secretaries in a two-tier board context. This study focuses on the key factors contributing to these challenges and how company secretaries can effectively address them.

Design/methodology/approach
An analysis of the narratives provided by 291 Dutch company secretaries in response to a series of open-ended questionnaire questions led to insights into the key challenges company secretaries face in their day-to-day work.

Findings
Company secretaries perceive a myriad of factors contributing to pressures on their time, the need to work for multiple organizational bodies and the processing of information. They believe process interventions and social interventions are needed to alleviate these issues.

Research limitations/implications
The research highlights the need to deeply study boards from a holistic and systems point of view that recognizes the various actors, such as the company secretary, and their relationships in a boardroom context. Furthermore, the research shows how the two-tier board model may complicate these relational dynamics owing to the formal separation of decision management from decision control.

Practical implications
This study identifies various pragmatic ways to address the core challenges facing company secretaries so as to improve their contributions to decision-making at the apex of organizations.

Originality/value
This study sheds light on an important organizational actor (i.e. the company secretary) that hitherto has received scant attention in the governance literature.
Effects of additives on via filling and pattern plating with simultaneous electroplating
Authors: Sun Zhihong , Wang Jing 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to solve the issue of via filling and pattern plating simultaneously by concentration optimization of accelerator and leveler in the electroplating bath.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper designs a series of experiments to verify the performance of pattern plating with the via filling plating formula. Then the compositions of electroplating solution are optimized to achieve via filling and pattern plating simultaneously. Finally, the mechanism of co-plating for via and line is discussed in brief.

Findings
To achieve excellent performance for via filling and pattern plating simultaneously, proportion of additives are comprehensively considered in optimization of electroplating process. Effects of additives on the via filling and pattern plating should be taken into consideration, especially in achieving flat lines.

Originality/value
This paper discusses the different effects of accelerator and leveler on the via filling and the pattern plating, respectively. The process of co-plating for the via and the line is presented. The superfilling of via and the flat line are simultaneously obtained with the optimized via filling formula.
Public library Twitter use during the early period of the COVID-19 lockdown in the United States
Authors: Choi Youngok , Kim Sung Un 
Published: August 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the Twitter use of public libraries during the early period of lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic to evaluate the focus of Twitter communication.Design/methodology/approachA total of 57 active, public library Twitter accounts were used for data collection and analysis. The tweets examined were a combination of original tweets (n= 1,465) and retweets (n= 516) posted from other Twitter accounts on the public libraries’ Twitter feeds. A content analysis scheme was developed to analyse topical aspects of the tweets.FindingsThe most frequent tweets were about library events, programmes and activities. However, there was a relatively low focus on sharing community information and addressing information related to the pandemic. The study suggests that public libraries could use Twitter to provide library resources and services to their patrons, whilst also acting as a virtual community centre safely keeping patrons engaged in the face of a global pandemic. By doing so, Twitter could be used as an integral part of promoting the mission of public libraries.Research limitations/implicationsThe study examined a limited number of public libraries’ Twitter posts. Whilst the study carried out a random sampling of 10% of public libraries from the five states that had the highest COVID-19 cases in the month of April 2020, the study only examined tweets of 57 public libraries being active in posting. Thus, the findings of the study are not for generalizing.Practical implicationsThe content scheme includes content types regarding library services and community information. The content category scheme is general to reflect themes of content during a normal time and any emergency. Thus, this framework could be helpful for the content development of public libraries in planning social media use.Originality/valueThe study used a new content analysis framework to examine both original tweets and retweets for information sharing of library services and community information. The approach of content analysis is distinctive to examine libraries’ communication trends on social media not only in normal times but also in times of crisis as well. The study also incorporated additional measures to assess Twitter practices including hashtags.
An exploratory analysis: extracting materials science knowledge from unstructured scholarly data
Authors: Zhao Xintong , Greenberg Jane , Meschke Vanessa , Toberer Eric , Hu Xiaohua 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
The output of academic literature has increased significantly due to digital technology, presenting researchers with a challenge across every discipline, including materials science, as it is impossible to manually read and extract knowledge from millions of published literature. The purpose of this study is to address this challenge by exploring knowledge extraction in materials science, as applied to digital scholarship. An overriding goal is to help inform readers about the status knowledge extraction in materials science.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors conducted a two-part analysis, comparing knowledge extraction methods applied materials science scholarship, across a sample of 22 articles; followed by a comparison of HIVE-4-MAT, an ontology-based knowledge extraction and MatScholar, a named entity recognition (NER) application. This paper covers contextual background, and a review of three tiers of knowledge extraction (ontology-based, NER and relation extraction), followed by the research goals and approach.

Findings
The results indicate three key needs for researchers to consider for advancing knowledge extraction: the need for materials science focused corpora; the need for researchers to define the scope of the research being pursued, and the need to understand the tradeoffs among different knowledge extraction methods. This paper also points to future material science research potential with relation extraction and increased availability of ontologies.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there are very few studies examining knowledge extraction in materials science. This work makes an important contribution to this underexplored research area.
Two-dimensional thermo-mechanical fractional responses to biological tissue with rheological properties
Authors: Ezzat Magdy A. , Lewis Roland W. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
The system of equations for fractional thermo-viscoelasticity is used to investigate two-dimensional bioheat transfer and heat-induced mechanical response in human skin tissue with rheological properties.

Design/methodology/approach
Laplace and Fourier’s transformations are used. The resulting formulation is applied to human skin tissue subjected to regional hyperthermia therapy for cancer treatment. The inversion process for Fourier and Laplace transforms is carried out using a numerical method based on Fourier series expansions.

Findings
Comparisons are made with the results anticipated through the coupled and generalized theories. The influences of volume materials properties and fractional order parameters for all the regarded fields are examined. The results indicate that volume relaxation parameters, as well as fractional order parameters, play a major role in all considered distributions.

Originality/value
Bio-thermo-mechanics includes bioheat transfer, biomechanics, burn injury and physiology. In clinical applications, knowledge of bio-thermo-mechanics in living tissues is very important. One can infer from the numerical results that, with a finite distance, the thermo-mechanical waves spread to skin tissue, removing the unrealistic predictions of the Pennes’ model.
Cooperation for the implementation of digital applications in rural cultural tourism marketing
Authors: Schuhbauer Sarah Lisa , Hausmann Andrea 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
This study aims to identify pitfalls in the use of cooperation for the implementation of digital applications in rural cultural tourism marketing and derive practical implications for avoiding them.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 14 semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with the participants of the cooperation project around the Web app “The Legend of the Call of the Mountain” in the Zugspitz Region in Germany.

Findings
The study has identified four key pitfalls: challenges in the long-term financing, destination-specific characteristics of rural areas, doubts about the use of evaluations and the limited horizon of many cultural institutions.

Research limitations/implications
Because of the qualitative approach and the single case study, the results may lack generalisability. Therefore, future research should place the results to a larger scale, for example, with a mixed methods approach.

Practical implications
Practical implications can be derived from the study for avoiding pitfalls and thus for a successful use of such cooperation projects. The implications draw attention to the different possibilities of long-term financing, the important role of a central tourism organisation, the special possibilities of evaluations and the important role of general awareness raising for the added values of such cooperation.

Originality/value
By examining an exemplary cooperation project, the paper fills an existing research gap, as there has been little knowledge in empirical cultural tourism research about the special conditions for using cooperation to implement digital applications in rural cultural tourism marketing.