bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Outcomes of Pediatric Acute Sport- and Non-Sport-Related Concussions
Authors: Ballinger Karen , McGuinty Duncan , Girardin Richard , Zerkee Leanne , Ellis Michael J. , Russell Kelly 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT:Objectives:The objectives were to examine clinical characteristics, length of recovery, and the prevalence of delayed physician-documented recovery, compare clinical outcomes among those with sport-related concussion (SRC) and non-sport-related concussion (nSRC), and identify risk factors for delayed recovery.Methods:Included patients (8–18 years) were assessed ≤14 days post-injury at a multidisciplinary concussion program and diagnosed with an acute SRC or nSRC. Physician-documented clinical recovery was defined as returning to pre-injury symptom status, attending full-time school without symptoms, completing Return-to-Sport strategy as needed, and normal physical examination. Delayed physician-documented recovery was defined as >28 days post-injury.Results:Four hundred and fifteen patients were included (77.8% SRC). There was no difference in loss of consciousness (SRC: 9.9% vs nSRC: 13.0%,p= 0.39) or post-traumatic amnesia (SRC: 24.1% vs SRC: 31.5%,p= 0.15) at the time of injury or any differences in median Post-Concussion Symptom Scale scores (SRC: 20 vs nSRC: 23,p= 0.15) at initial assessment. Among those with complete clinical follow-up, the median physician-documented clinical recovery was 20 days (SRC: 19 vs nSRC: 23;p= 0.37). There was no difference in the proportion of patients who developed delayed physician-documented recovery (SRC: 27.7% vs nSRC: 36.1%;p= 0.19). Higher initial symptom score increased the risk of delayed physician-documented recovery (IRR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.29, 1.49). Greater material deprivation and social deprivation were associated with an increased risk of delayed physician-documented recovery.Conclusions:Most pediatric concussion patients who undergo early medical assessment and complete follow-up appear to make a complete clinical recovery within 4 weeks, regardless of mechanism.
“Racist-Blind, Not Color-Blind” by Design: Confronting Systemic Racism in Our Educational Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Pak Yoon K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis History of Education Society Presidential Address comes at the society's sixtieth anniversary and provides a new conceptual framework that foregrounds recognizing a “racist-blind,” and not a color-blind, ideology in the intentional and unequal design our educational past and present. It highlights systemic racism brought on by the dual pandemic moments of COVID-19 and global racial unrest, with a call to action for educational historians to lead in promoting systemic, institutional changes.
A history of high-power laser research and development in the United Kingdom
Authors: Danson Colin N. , White Malcolm , Barr John R. M. , Bett Thomas , Blyth Peter , Bowley David , Brenner Ceri , Collins Robert J. , Croxford Neal , Dangor A. E. Bucker , Devereux Laurence , Dyer Peter E. , Dymoke-Bradshaw Anthony , Edwards Christopher B. , Ewart Paul , Ferguson Allister I. , Girkin John M. , Hall Denis R. , Hanna David C. , Harris Wayne , Hillier David I. , Hooker Christopher J. , Hooker Simon M. , Hopps Nicholas , Hull Janet , Hunt David , Jaroszynski Dino A. , Kempenaars Mark , Kessler Helmut , Knight Sir Peter L. , Knight Steve , Knowles Adrian , Lewis Ciaran L. S. , Lipton Ken S. , Littlechild Abby , Littlechild John , Maggs Peter , Malcolm Graeme P. A. , Mangles Stuart P. D. , Martin William , McKenna Paul , Moore Richard O. , Morrison Clive , Najmudin Zulfikar , Neely David , New Geoff H. C. , Norman Michael J. , Paine Ted , Parker Anthony W. , Penman Rory R. , Pert Geoff J. , Pietraszewski Chris , Randewich Andrew , Rizvi Nadeem H. , Seddon Nigel , Sheng Zheng-Ming , Slater David , Smith Roland A. , Spindloe Christopher , Taylor Roy , Thomas Gary , Tisch John W. G. , Wark Justin S. , Webb Colin , Wiggins S. Mark , Willford Dave , Winstone Trevor 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe first demonstration of laser action in ruby was made in 1960 by T. H. Maiman of Hughes Research Laboratories, USA. Many laboratories worldwide began the search for lasers using different materials, operating at different wavelengths. In the UK, academia, industry and the central laboratories took up the challenge from the earliest days to develop these systems for a broad range of applications. This historical review looks at the contribution the UK has made to the advancement of the technology, the development of systems and components and their exploitation over the last 60 years.
Clinical features and outcomes of COVID-19 patients hospitalized for psychiatric disorders: a French multi-centered prospective observational study
Authors: Dobre Daniela , Schwan Raymund , Jansen Claire , Schwitzer Thomas , Martin Olivier , Ligier Fabienne , Rolland Benjamin , Ahad Pierre Abdel , Capdevielle Delphine , Corruble Emmanuelle , Delamillieure Pascal , Dollfus Sonia , Drapier Dominique , Bennabi Djamila , Joubert Fabien , Lecoeur William , Massoubre Catherine , Pelissolo Antoine , Roser Mathilde , Schmitt Christophe , Teboul Noé , Vansteene Clément , Yekhlef Wanda , Yrondi Antoine , Haoui Radoine , Gaillard Raphaël , Leboyer Marion , Thomas Pierre , Gorwood Philip , Laprevote Vincent 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Patients with psychiatric disorders are exposed to high risk of COVID-19 and increased mortality. In this study, we set out to assess the clinical features and outcomes of patients with current psychiatric disorders exposed to COVID-19.

Methods
This multi-center prospective study was conducted in 22 psychiatric wards dedicated to COVID-19 inpatients between 28 February and 30 May 2020. The main outcomes were the number of patients transferred to somatic care units, the number of deaths, and the number of patients developing a confusional state. The risk factors of confusional state and transfer to somatic care units were assessed by a multivariate logistic model. The risk of death was analyzed by a univariate analysis.

Results
In total, 350 patients were included in the study. Overall, 24 (7%) were transferred to medicine units, 7 (2%) died, and 51 (15%) patients presented a confusional state. Severe respiratory symptoms predicted the transfer to a medicine unit [odds ratio (OR) 17.1; confidence interval (CI) 4.9–59.3]. Older age, an organic mental disorder, a confusional state, and severe respiratory symptoms predicted mortality in univariate analysis. Age >55 (OR 4.9; CI 2.1–11.4), an affective disorder (OR 4.1; CI 1.6–10.9), and severe respiratory symptoms (OR 4.6; CI 2.2–9.7) predicted a higher risk, whereas smoking (OR 0.3; CI 0.1–0.9) predicted a lower risk of a confusional state.

Conclusion
COVID-19 patients with severe psychiatric disorders have multiple somatic comorbidities and have a risk of developing a confusional state. These data underline the need for extreme caution given the risks of COVID-19 in patients hospitalized for psychiatric disorders.
Using life histories to explore the complexities of internal and international migration
Authors: Pooley Colin G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractResidential migration is one of the most problematic demographic variables. In Britain there are no sources that routinely record all moves, and the motives behind relocation are rarely recorded. In this paper I argue that the use of life histories can add important depth and clarity to the study of residential moves. The paper focuses on two themes: the ways in which internal and international migration may be linked together over the life course, and the complex mix of reasons why a move may take place. Used sensitively, life histories and life writing can enhance the study of migration history.
Women, town councils, and the organisation of work in Bilbao and Antwerp: a north-south comparison (1400–1560)
Authors: Vandeweerdt Nena 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this article, I compare women's work opportunities in Bilbao, in northern Castile, and Antwerp, in the Low Countries, from 1400 to 1560. I argue that the different organisation of work in the two towns had a great influence on women's economic opportunities. Whereas women in Antwerp often worked alongside other members of their household because of the town's dominant craft guilds, Bilbao's informal trades were open to women on their own, independent of their husband or another male relative. As a result, women in Bilbao are more visible in the sources and were able to exert more influence on the town council.
The potential nutrition-, physical- and health-related benefits of cow’s milk for primary-school-aged children
Authors: Rumbold Penny , McCullogh Nicola , Boldon Ruth , Haskell-Ramsay Crystal , James Lewis , Stevenson Emma , Green Benjamin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCow’s milk is a naturally nutrient-dense foodstuff. A significant source of many essential nutrients, its inclusion as a component of a healthy balanced diet has been long recommended. Beyond milk’s nutritional value, an increasing body of evidence illustrates cow’s milk may confer numerous benefits related to health. Evidence from adult populations suggests that cow’s milk may have a role in overall dietary quality, appetite control, hydration and cognitive function. Although evidence is limited compared with the adult literature, these benefits may be echoed in recent paediatric studies. This article, therefore, reviews the scientific literature to provide an evidence-based evaluation of the associated health benefits of cow’s milk consumption in primary-school-aged children (4–11 years). We focus on seven key areas related to nutrition and health comprising nutritional status, hydration, dental and bone health, physical stature, cognitive function, and appetite control. The evidence consistently demonstrates cow’s milk (plain and flavoured) improves nutritional status in primary-school-aged children. With some confidence, cow’s milk also appears beneficial for hydration, dental and bone health and beneficial to neutral concerning physical stature and appetite. Due to conflicting studies, reaching a conclusion has proven difficult concerning cow’s milk and cognitive function; therefore, a level of caution should be exercised when interpreting these results. All areas, however, would benefit from further robust investigation, especially in free-living school settings, to verify conclusions. Nonetheless, when the nutritional-, physical- and health-related impact of cow’s milk avoidance is considered, the evidence highlights the importance of increasing cow’s milk consumption.
The impact of a produce prescription programme on healthy food purchasing and diabetes-related health outcomes
Authors: Xie Julian , Price Ashley , Curran Neal , Østbye Truls 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjective:To evaluate a Produce Prescription Programme’s utilisation and its effects on healthy food purchasing and diabetes control among participants with type 2 diabetes.Design:Prospective cohort study using participants’ electronic health records and food transaction data. Participants were categorised as ‘Frequent Spenders’ and ‘Sometimes Spenders’ based on utilisation frequency. Multivariate regressions assessed utilisation predictors and programme effects on fruit/vegetable purchasing (spending, expenditure share and variety) and on diabetes-related outcomes (HbA1c, BMI and blood pressure).Setting:Patients enrolled by clinics in Durham, North Carolina, USA. Participants received $40 monthly for fruits and vegetables at a grocery store chain.Participants:A total of 699 food-insecure participants (353 with diabetes).Results:Being female and older was associated with higher programme utilisation; hospitalisations were negatively associated with programme utilisation. Frequent Spender status was associated with $8·77 more in fruit/vegetable spending (P < 0·001), 3·3 % increase in expenditure share (P = 0·007) and variety increase of 2·52 fruits and vegetables (P < 0·001). For $10 of Produce Prescription Dollars spent, there was an $8·00 increase in fruit/vegetable spending (P < 0·001), 4·1 % increase in expenditure share and variety increase of 2·3 fruits/vegetables (P < 0·001). For the 353 participants with diabetes, there were no statistically significant relationships between programme utilisation and diabetes control.Conclusions:Programme utilisation was associated with healthier food purchasing, but the relatively short study period and modest intervention prevent making conclusions about health outcomes. Produce Prescription Programmes can increase healthy food purchasing among food-insecure people, which may improve chronic disease care.
Safeguarding the microbial water quality from source to tap
Authors: Favere Jorien , Barbosa Raquel G. , Sleutels Tom , Verstraete Willy , De Gusseme Bart , Boon Nico 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAnthropogenic activities and climate change can deteriorate the freshwater quality and stress its availability. This stress can, in turn, have an impact on the biostability of drinking water. Up to now, the microbiological quality of drinking water has been maintained through the selection of high-quality water sources allied to the use of disinfectants and the removal of organic carbon. But as freshwater becomes richer in other nutrients, strategies used so far may not suffice to keep a steady and high-quality supply of drinking water in the future. This article readdresses the discussion on drinking water biostability. We need to reframe the concept as a dynamic equilibrium that considers the available nutrients and energy sources (potential for growth) relative to the abundance and composition of the bacterial community (potential to consume the available resources).
Effect of photobiomodulation therapy on painful temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Aisaiti Adila , Zhou Yanli , Wen Yue , Zhou Weina , Wang Chen , Zhao Jing , Yu Linfeng , Zhang Jinglu , Wang Kelun , Svensson Peter 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo evaluate the effect of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on painful temporomandibular disorders (TMD) patients in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled manner. Participants were divided into a masseter myalgia group (n = 88) and a temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthralgia group (n = 87) according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD). Both groups randomly received PBMT or placebo treatment once a day for 7 consecutive days, one session. The PBMT was applied with a gallium-aluminum-arsenide (GaAlAs) laser (wavelength = 810 nm) at pre-determined points in the masseter muscle (6 J/cm2, 3 regions, 60 s) or TMJ region (6 J/cm2, 5 points, 30 s) according to their most painful site. Pain intensity was rated on a 0–10 numerical rating scale (NRS) and pressure pain thresholds (PPT) and mechanical sensitivity mapping were recorded before and after the treatment on day 1 and day 7. Jaw function was assessed by pain free jaw opening, maximum unassisted jaw opening, maximum assisted jaw opening, maximum protrusion and right and left excursion. Data were analyzed with a mixed model analysis of variance (ANOVA). Pain intensity in arthralgia patients decreased over time (P < 0.001) for both types of interventions, however, PBMT caused greater reduction in pain scores than placebo (P = 0.014). For myalgia patients, pain intensity decreased over time (P < 0.001) but without difference between interventions (P = 0.074). PPTs increased in both myalgia (P < 0.001) and TMJ arthralgia patients over time (P < 0.001) but without difference between interventions (P ≥ 0.614). Overall, PBMT was associated with marginally better improvements in range of motion compared to placebo in both myalgia and arthralgia patients. Pain intensity, sensory function and jaw movements improve after both PBMT and placebo treatments in myalgia and arthralgia patients indicating a substantial non-specific effect of PBMT.
Effect of graphite and graphene oxide on thorium carbide microstructural and thermal properties
Authors: Corradetti S. , Carturan S. M. , Ballan M. , Eloirdi R. , Amador Celdran P. , Walter O. , Staicu D. , Dieste Blanco O. , Andrighetto A. , Biasetto L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThorium carbide to be tested as target material for the production of 225Ac with the ISOL method, was produced via carbothermal reduction of ThO2 nanoparticles by graphite and graphene oxide, respectively. The use of graphene oxide (GO) as carbon source resulted in a reduced reactivity compared to graphite, confirmed by the presence of unreacted ThO2 mainly in the core of the samples. The reacted ThO2 or ThC2–GO showed a faster reactivity in air, mainly observed as ThC2 amorphization. The specific surface area of the ThC2–GO samples was almost doubled compared to ThC2–graphite samples. The effect of these microstructural features was analysed in terms of thermal diffusivity and calculated thermal conductivity that were both reduced in ThC2–GO samples, however the difference with ThC2–graphite samples decreased at increasing temperature. The present study shows that the use of unreduced GO inhibits the solid-state reaction between ThO2 and C; on the other hand, the high reactivity of the ThC2 so produced is expected to be beneficial for the 225Ac production with the ISOL method, affording a high release efficiency. It is expected that the use of reduced GO could represent a good solution for highly efficient ThC2 targets.
Multiple cytochrome P450 genes: conferring high levels of permethrin resistance in mosquitoes, Culex quinquefasciatus
Authors: Yang Ting , Li Ting , Feng Xuechun , Li Ming , Liu Shikai , Liu Nannan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInsecticides, especially pyrethroids, are the most important in the insect pest control and preventing insect vector-borne human diseases. However, insect pests, including mosquitoes, have developed resistance in the insecticides that used against them. Cytochrome P450s are associated with insecticide resistance through overexpression and detoxification mechanisms in insect species. In this study, we utilized a powerful tool, the RNAi technique, to determine the roles of key P450 genes overexpressed in permethrin resistant mosquitoes that confer insecticide resistance to unravel the molecular basis of resistance mechanisms in the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. The results showed that knockdown of 8 key P450 genes using RNAi techniques significantly decreased resistance to permethrin in resistant mosquitoes. In silico modeling and docking analysis further revealed the potential metabolic function of overexpressed P450 genes in the development of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes. These findings not only highlighted the functional importance of these P450 genes in insecticide resistance, but also revealed that overexpression of multiple P450 genes was responsible for the high levels of insecticide resistance in a mosquito population of Culex quinquefasciatus.
A computational approach to aid clinicians in selecting anti-viral drugs for COVID-19 trials
Authors: Mongia Aanchal , Saha Sanjay Kr. , Chouzenoux Emilie , Majumdar Angshul 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe year 2020 witnessed a heavy death toll due to COVID-19, calling for a global emergency. The continuous ongoing research and clinical trials paved the way for vaccines. But, the vaccine efficacy in the long run is still questionable due to the mutating coronavirus, which makes drug re-positioning a reasonable alternative. COVID-19 has hence fast-paced drug re-positioning for the treatment of COVID-19 and its symptoms. This work builds computational models using matrix completion techniques to predict drug-virus association for drug re-positioning. The aim is to assist clinicians with a tool for selecting prospective antiviral treatments. Since the virus is known to mutate fast, the tool is likely to help clinicians in selecting the right set of antivirals for the mutated isolate. The main contribution of this work is a manually curated database publicly shared, comprising of existing associations between viruses and their corresponding antivirals. The database gathers similarity information using the chemical structure of drugs and the genomic structure of viruses. Along with this database, we make available a set of state-of-the-art computational drug re-positioning tools based on matrix completion. The tools are first analysed on a standard set of experimental protocols for drug target interactions. The best performing ones are applied for the task of re-positioning antivirals for COVID-19. These tools select six drugs out of which four are currently under various stages of trial, namely Remdesivir (as a cure), Ribavarin (in combination with others for cure), Umifenovir (as a prophylactic and cure) and Sofosbuvir (as a cure). Another unanimous prediction is Tenofovir alafenamide, which is a novel Tenofovir prodrug developed in order to improve renal safety when compared to its original counterpart (older version) Tenofovir disoproxil. Both are under trail, the former as a cure and the latter as a prophylactic. These results establish that the computational methods are in sync with the state-of-practice. We also demonstrate how the drugs to be used against the virus would vary as SARS-Cov-2 mutates over time by predicting the drugs for the mutated strains, suggesting the importance of such a tool in drug prediction. We believe this work would open up possibilities for applying machine learning models to clinical research for drug-virus association prediction and other similar biological problems.
Daily gender expression is associated with psychological adjustment for some people, but mainly men
Authors: Beltz Adriene M. , Loviska Amy M. , Weigard Alexander 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo what extent does gender expression vary day-to-day? Are daily changes related to psychological adjustment in the same way for all individuals? A person-specific approach was used to answer these questions in a 75-day intensive longitudinal study. Fifty-seven cisgender adults (27 women) provided over 4000 reports of daily masculinity and femininity and of three indices of internalizing problems. Results revealed: (a) substantial daily fluctuations in gender expression, especially in women; (b) sample-level links between daily increases in femininity or reductions in masculinity and heightened anxiety, depression, and self-reproach for men, but no apparent links for women; and (c) person-specific links between gender expression and psychological adjustment, such that some women reported internalizing problems with reduced masculinity (average male pattern) and some men reported problems with heightened masculinity (opposite the average male pattern). Findings highlight how intensive longitudinal research can illuminate the uniqueness of gender-related daily experiences, and their implications for the wellbeing of individuals.
Absorption modes of Möbius strip resonators
Authors: Hamilton Joshua K. , Hooper Ian R. , Lawrence Christopher R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this work, the electromagnetic response of a mathematically interesting shape—a Möbius strip—is presented, along with a ring resonator for comparison. Both resonators consist of a central lossy dielectric layer bounded by perfectly conducting layers. For the case of the Möbius strips, the computational results show that there are a family of half-integer wavelength modes within the dielectric layer. These additional modes result in increased absorption, and a corresponding reduction in the radar cross section. Interestingly, rotational scans show that these modes can be excited over a large angular range. This investigation gives an understanding of the electromagnetic response of these structures, paving the way for future experiments on Möbius strip resonators.