bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis using carbon dioxide, water and electricity
Authors: Yeo Boon Siang , Zhou Yansong , Martín Antonio , Dattila Federico , Xi Shibo , López Núria , Pérez-Ramírez Javier 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

The Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis of fuels from CO and H2 lies at the heart of the successful and mature Gas-to-Liquid technology; however its reliance on fossil resources comes with the burden of an undesirable carbon footprint. In contrast, the electroreduction of CO2 (CO2RR) powered by renewable electricity has the potential to produce the same type of fuels, but in a carbon-neutral fashion. To date, only ethylene and ethanol are attainable at reasonable efficiencies and exclusively on copper. Herein, we report that the oxygenated compounds of nickel can selectively electroreduce CO2 to C1 – C6 hydrocarbons with significant yields (Faradaic efficiencies of C3+ up to 6.5%). While metallic Ni only produces hydrogen and methane under CO2RR and FT conditions respectively, we show that polarized nickel (Niδ+) sites facilitate ambient CO2RR via the FT mechanism. The catalysts yield multi-carbon molecules with an unprecedented chain growth probability values (α) up to 0.44, which matches many technical FT synthesis systems. We anticipate that the integration of the herein proposed electrochemical-FT scheme with fuel cells may provide at this seminal stage up to 7% energy efficiency for C3+ hydrocarbons, inaugurating a new era towards the defossilization of the chemical industry.
A Study On Fatigue Classification By Logistic Regression Method: Based On Data of Tongue And Pulse
Authors: Shi Yulin , Jiang Tao , Hu Xiao-juan , Cui Ji , Cui Long-tao , Tu Li-ping , Yao Xing-hua , Lan Fang , Li Jun , Bi Zi-jaun , Li Jia-cai , Huang Jing-bin , Xu Jia-tuo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Fatigue is a subjective symptom which is hard to quantify, it is prevalent in sub-health and disease population, and there is still no accurate and stable method to distinguish disease fatigue from sub-health fatigue. Tongue and pulse diagnoses are the reflection of the overall state of the body, and the modern researches of tongue and pulse diagnoses have made great progress. This study aims to explore the distribution rules of tongue and pulse data in disease fatigue and sub-health fatigue population, and evaluate the contribution rate of tongue and pulse data to fatigue diagnosis through modeling. Methods: Tongue and Face Diagnosis Analysis-1 instrument and Pulse Diagnosis Analysis-1 instrument were used to collect tongue image and pulse sphygmogram of sub-health fatigue population (n=252) and disease fatigue group(n=1160), we mainly analyzed the tongue and pulse characteristics and constructed the classification model based on logistic regression method. Results: The results showed that sub-health fatigue people and disease fatigue people had different characteristics of tongue and pulse, and the logistic regression model based on tongue and pulse data showed a better classification effect. The accuracy of healthy controls & sub-health fatigue, sub-health fatigue & disease fatigue, health controls & disease fatigue model were 65.70%, 65.10%, 78.90%, and the AUC were 0.678, 0.834, and 0.879 respectively. Conclusion: This study provided a new non-invasive method for the fatigue diagnosis from the perspective of objective tongue and pulse data, the modern tongue and pulse diagnoses have a good application prospect.
Eyes Compensate Smile When Wearing Mask
Authors: Okazaki Shuntaro , Yamanami Haruna , Nakagawa Fumika , Takuwa Nozomi , Kawabata Keith James Duncan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The use of face masks has become ubiquitous. Although mask wearing is a convenient way to reduce the spread of disease, it is important to know how the mask affects our communication via facial expression. For example, when we are wearing the mask and meet a friend, are our facial expressions different compared to when we are not? We investigated the effect of face mask wearing on facial expression, including the area around the eyes. We measured surface electromyography from zygomaticus major, orbicularis oculi, and depressor anguli oris, when people smiled and talked with or without the mask. We found that only orbicularis oculi were facilitated by wearing the mask. We thus concluded that mask wearing increases the use of eye smiling as a form of communication. In other words, we can express joy and happiness even when wearing the mask using eye smiling.
GI-SleepNet: A Highly Versatile Image-based Sleep Classification using a Deep Learning Algorithm
Authors: Gao Tian Xiang , Li Jia Yi , Watanabe Yuji , Hung Chi Jung , Yamanaka Akihiro , Horie Kazumasa , Yanagisawa Masashi , Ohsawa Masahiro , Kume Kazuhiko 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Sleep-stage classification is essential for sleep research. Various automatic judgment programs including deep learning algorithms using artificial intelligence (AI) have been developed, but with limitations in data format compatibility, human interpretability, cost, and technical requirements. We developed a novel program called GI-SleepNet, generative adversarial network (GAN)-assisted image-based sleep staging for mice that is accurate, versatile, compact, and easy to use. In this program, electroencephalogram and electromyography data are first visualized as images and then classified into three stages (wake, NREM, and REM) by a supervised image learning algorithm. To increase the accuracy, we adopted GAN and artificially generated fake REM sleep data to equalize the number of stages. This resulted in improved accuracy, and as few as one mouse data yielded significant accuracy. Because of its image-based nature, it is easy to apply to data of different formats, of different species of animals, and even outside of sleep research. Image data can be easily understood by humans, thus especially confirmation by experts is easy when there are some anomalies of prediction. Because deep learning of images is one of the leading fields in AI, numerous algorithms are also available.
Towards a Polymer-Brush-Based Friction Modifier for Oil
Authors: Gmür Tobias A. , Mandal Joydeb , Cayer-Barrioz Juliette , Spencer Nicholas D. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the search for new, oil-compatible friction-modifier additives that can significantly reduce energy consumption by reducing the friction in the boundary-lubrication regime, a macromolecular-design approach has been taken. This involved the synthesis of a series of readily functionalizable block copolymers carrying an oleophilic poly(lauryl methacrylate) block and a functionalizable poly(pentafluorophenyl methacrylate) block of various lengths by means of reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The poly(pentafluorophenyl methacrylate) block was used to attach surface-active nitro-catechol anchoring groups to the polymer. The friction-reduction properties of these polymers were assessed using 0.5 wt.% solutions in hexadecane using rolling-sliding macroscopic tribological tests. Block copolymers with roughly equal block lengths and moderate molecular weights were significantly more effective at friction reduction than all other architectures investigated. They also displayed lower friction coefficients than glycerol monooleate, a commercially used additive. The film formation ability of these polymers was examined using a quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D), by monitoring their adsorption onto an iron-oxide coated QCM crystal. The polymer with highest lubrication efficiency formed a thin film of ∼17 nm thickness on the iron-oxide coated QCM crystal, consistent with the formation of a polymer brush. Interferometric rolling-sliding experiments with the same polymer showed a separating film thickness of ∼20 nm, which is consistent with the QCM-D value, bearing in mind the compression of the adsorbed layers on the two sliding surfaces during tribological testing.
Perceived Weight Gain and Eating Disorder Symptoms among LGBTQ+ Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Convergent Mixed-Method Study
Authors: Tabler Jennifer , Schmitz Rachel M , Charak Ruby , Dickinson Eliza 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIn this study, we seek to further explore the role of COVID-19 pandemic-related stress, social support, and resilience on self-reported eating disorder symptoms (using the EDE-QS) and perceived weight gain among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and/or queer (LGBTQ+ adults) in the US context during the COVID-19 pandemic. MethodsEmploying a convergent mixed method design, we surveyed 411 individuals, and conducted qualitative semi-structured follow-up interviews with 43 LGBTQ+-identifying survey respondents. Using OLS regression and multinomial logistic regression, we modeled eating disorder symptoms and perceived weight gain among LGBTQ+ individuals (n=120) and cisgender and heterosexual-identifying women (n=230), to cisgender and heterosexual-identifying men (n=61). We also explored complementary interview narratives among LGBTQ+ people by employing selective coding strategies. ResultsStudy results suggest that LGBTQ+ individuals are likely experiencing uniquely high levels of pandemic-related stress, and secondly, that pandemic-related stress is associated with elevated eating disorder symptoms and higher risk of perceived weight gain. Nearly 1 in 3 participants reported eating disorder symptoms of potentially clinical significance. Social support, but not resilient coping, was found to be protective against increased eating disorder symptoms. Qualitative analyses revealed that LGBTQ+ individuals situated physical exercise constraints, challenging eating patterns, and weight concerns within their pandemic experiences. Conclusions﻿Clinicians of diverse specialties should screen for eating disorder symptoms and actively engage patients in conversations about their COVID-19 related weight gain and eating behaviors, particularly with LGBTQ+-identifying adults.
Distribution of an Analgesic Palmitoylethanolamide and Other N-Acylethanolamines in Human Placental Membranes
Authors: Svobodova Alzbeta , Vrkoslav Vladimir , Smeringaiova Ingrida , Jirsova Katerina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Human amniotic and amniochorionic membranes (AM, ACM) are the most often used grafts accelerating wound healing due to their anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-fibrotic, and analgesic properties. We assessed the distribution of endogenous fatty acid amides N-acylethanolamines (NAEs): palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and anandamide (AEA) in placental tissues, as they could participate in wound healing properties of AM/ACM grafts. Ten placentas were collected after caesarean delivery. NAEs were detected using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis in fresh samples of AM, ACM, placental disc, umbilical cord, umbilical serum and vernix caseosa), and decontaminated samples of AM and ACM. NAEs were present in all studied tissue types, with mean concentrations in fresh tissues ranging: 76 – 350 (PEA); 31 – 220 (OEA); 7 – 30 ng/g (AEA). The highest mean concentrations were found in AM (PEA: 350 ng/g) or placenta (OEA: 220 ng/g; AEA: 30 ng/g), respectively. Low levels of NAEs were found in serum and vernix. Decontamination of AM, but not ACM, induced a significant (3 – 3.5-fold) increase in the levels of NAEs. PEA is the first compound with direct analgesic effect detected in AM and ACM. We thus propose NAEs, especially PEA, as one of the possible factors responsible for the anti-hyperalgesic, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of AM/ACM grafts, stimulating their wound healing effect. The increase of NAE levels in AM and ACM after tissue decontamination indicates that tissue processing may play an important role in maintaining the analgesic effect.
Tracing in Vivo the Dorsal Loop of the Optic Radiation: Convergent Perspectives From Tractography and Electrophysiology Compared to a Neuroanatomical Ground Truth.
Authors: Rizzi Michele , Sartori Ivana , Vecchio Maria Del , Zauli Flavia Maria , Berta Luca , Lizio Domenico , De Benedictis Alessandro , Sarubbo Silvio , Mariani Valeria , Al-Orabi Khalid , Avanzini Pietro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) is a cortical area contributing to a multiplicity of visual, language-related and cognitive functions. In line with this functional richness, also the organization of the underlying white matter is highly complex and includes several bundles. The few studies tackling to date the outcome and neurological burdens of surgical operations addressing TPJ document the presence of language disturbances and visual field damages, with the latter hardly recovered in time. This observation advocates for procedures identifying the optic radiation (OR) bundles crossing the white matter (WM) below TPJ. In the present study we adopted a multimodal approach to address the anatomo-functional correlates of the dorsal loop (DL) of the OR. In particular, we combined cadavers’ dissection with tractographic and electrophysiological data collected in drug-resistant epileptic patients explored by stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG). Cadaver dissection allowed us to appreciate the position and geometrical properties of the DL. More surprisingly, both tractographic and electrophysiological observations converged on a unitary picture highly coherent with the data obtained by neuroanatomical observation.The combination of diverse and multimodal observations allows to overcome the limitations intrinsic to single methodologies, and to define a unitary picture which makes it possible to investigate DL presurgically and at the individual patient level, aiming at limiting the postsurgical damages. Notwithstanding, such a combined approach could serve as a model of investigation for future neuroanatomical inquiries tackling WM fibers anatomy and function through SEEG-derived neurophysiological data.
Effect of Anhydrous Gdcl3 Doping on the Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of PVP Polymer Electrolyte Films
Authors: Arasakumari M. , Subramanian K 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Polymer electrolyte films containing GdCl3 salt and polyvinyl pyrrolidone polymer have been prepared by solution cast technique. X-ray diffraction patterns confirm the amorphous nature of all the films. UV-Visible optical absorption properties reveal the complex formation of polymer electrolyte with GdCl3 dopant. The absorption coefficient, direct band gap energy and indirect band gap energy are decreased with increasing GdCl3 dopant. Both dielectric and ac conductivity studies exhibit that the dielectric constant value at low frequency and ac conductivity at high frequency increases with increasing GdCl3 dopant concentration in PVP polymer. The complex impedance plots showed a single semi-circular arc for all the concentrations of CdCl3 doped in PVP. The ac conductivity and ionic conductivity are about 3.96´10-3 S/cm and 3.12´10-3 S/cm at room temperature for 15 mol% GdCl3 doped PVP polymer electrolyte films. The cyclic-voltammetry plots revealed large specific capacities with increasing in GdCl3 dopant concentration. The estimated ionic conductivity is five orders of magnitude larger than that of PVP doped with other metal salts reported earlier. The present study strongly recommends that the CdCl3 is worthy candidate for enhancing ionic conductivity of PVP and other polymers.
INHBA Promotes Cell Proliferation and Metastasis of Breast Cancer through Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway
Authors: Xueqin Tao , Jinhong Mei , Yuping Huang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundEmerging evidences have demonstrated that inhibin subunit beta A (INHBA) is dysregulated and play critical roles in various cancers. With the development of sequencing technology, studies have discovered that INHBA is overexpressed in breast cancer tissues. However, the biological roles of INHBA in breast cancer are still far to clear. In the present study, MethodsWe analyzed the INHBA expression in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was conducted to assess the expression of INHBA in breast cancer cell lines. Cell proliferation, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were determined by using CCK-8, EdU, Transwell and western blot assays.ResultsINHBA was highly expressed in breast cancer cell lines. Functional analysis revealed that silence or elevation of INHBA inhibited or promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway related markers of MCF-7 cells. Mechanically, blocking of Wnt/β-catenin pathway by XAV939 reversed the promotion effect of INHBA overexpression on breast cancer cells’ proliferation, migration and invasion.Conclusion﻿Our findings emphasized that INHBA may act as an oncogene via activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which may provide a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer.
Circulating SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Italy, October 2020-March 2021
Authors: Lai Alessia , Bergna Annalisa , Menzo Stefano , Zehender Gianguglielmo , Caucci Sara , Ghisetti Valeria , Rizzo Francesca , Maggi Fabrizio , Cerutti Francesco , Giurato Giorgio , Weisz Alessandro , Turchi Chiara , Bruzzone Bianca , Silberstein Francesca Ceccherini , Clementi Nicola , Callegaro Annapaola , Sagradi Fabio , Francisci Daniela , Rullo Emmanuele Venanzi , Vicenti Ilaria , Clementi Massimo , Galli Massimo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A growing number of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants is being identified worldwide, potentially impacting the effectiveness of current vaccines. We report the data obtained in several Italian regions involved in the SARS-CoV-2 variant monitoring from the beginning of the epidemic and spanning the period from October 2020 to March 2021.
Pandemic fatigue impedes mitigation of COVID-19 in Hong Kong
Authors: Du Zhanwei , Wang Lin , Shan Songwei , Lam Dickson , Tsang Tim , Xiao Jingyi , Gao Huizhi , Yang Bingyi , Ali Sheikh Taslim , Pei Sen , Fung Isaac Chun-Hai , Lau Eric H. Y. , Liao Qiuyan , Wu Peng , Meyers Lauren , Leung Gabriel M. , Cowling Benjamin J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Community-wide social distancing has been a cornerstone of pandemic control prior to mass vaccinations. The extent to which pandemic fatigue is undermining adherence to such measures and accelerating transmission remains unclear. Using large-scale weekly telephone surveys and mobility data, we characterize the evolution of risk perception and protective behaviours in Hong Kong. We estimate a 1.5% to 5.5% reduction in population compliance with protective policies for the fourth wave (October 2020 to January 2021) versus the third wave (July to August 2020), inducing prolonged disease circulation with increased infections. Mathematical models incorporating population protective behaviours estimates that the fourth wave would have been 14% smaller if not for pandemic fatigue. Mitigating pandemic fatigue is essential in maintaining population protective behaviours for controlling COVID-19.
Multidimensional Fatigue in Chinese Meningioma Patients Newly Diagnosed: Prevalence, Severity and Risk Factors
Authors: Zhang Dandan , Wu Qian , Gu Xixi , Gu Zhifeng , Dong Chen , Li Rong , Zong Zhiying , Zhang Xiaomei , Li Liren 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Few studies have assessed fatigue of meningioma patients. The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence, severity, and risk factors of multidimensional fatigue, as well as the impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Chinese meningioma patients newly diagnosed.
Methods

This cross-sectional study included 120 Chinese meningioma patients recruited from Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from January 2020 to February 2021. Data were collected before surgery, including demographic, clinical and psychological characteristics, as well as fatigue scores, based on completion of the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20). Spearman correlation and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data.
Results

The results demonstrated that a high prevalence of severe fatigue for each dimension: general fatigue (33.3%), physical fatigue (27.5%), reduced activity (28.3%), reduced motivation (12.5%), mental fatigue (11.7%), and total fatigue (23.3%). Headache and anxiety were predictors of general fatigue. Depression was an independent predictor of physical fatigue. Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score and depression independently predicted reduced activity. Depression and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score were risk factors predicting reduced motivation, while KPS score and anxiety predicted mental fatigue. Importantly, comorbidity, KPS score, headache, depression, sleep disturbances, and ESS score could predict total fatigue. Furthermore, MFI-20 scores in all dimensions were negatively correlated with Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) scores in all dimensions.
Conclusion

Our findings indicate that meningioma patients newly diagnosed are frequently affected by fatigue, potentially contributing to impair HRQoL. For patients with risk factors of fatigue, targeted interventions are advised in order to decrease fatigue and improve HRQoL.
Detection of NDM and OXA-48 Resistant Genes in Acinetobacter Baumannii Isolated FromIntensive Care Units’ Patients Clinical Samples in Khartoum State
Authors: El-Makki Ghaida EL-Makki Ali , Ali Abdelhakam H. , Gorish Babbiker Mohammed Taher , Kaddam Lemya Abdelgadier 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen with intrinsic and acquired resistance to many antibiotics causing high rates of morbidity and mortality. This study was aimed to detect MDR Acinetobacter baumannii and its resistant genes (blaNDM, blaOXA48) from clinical isolates in Khartoum state. Method: A cross sectional hospital-based study was done during the period fromApril to July 2019. A total of 50 clinical isolates were obtained from samples of patients in intensive care units (ICUs) for the purpose of molecular confirming of A. baumannii and detecting NDM and OXA-48 resistance genes by usingconventional PCR. Results: Out of 50 isolates investigated PCR was confirmed 47 (94%) as A. baumannii isolates , while 3(6%) isolates were appeared to be other species. Moreover,the 47 A. baumannii isolates were examined for the presences of resistant genes and the result showed that NDM gene was detected in 2 isolates (4.3%) and OXA-48 gene was detected in only one isolate (2.1%). Conclusion: There is low prevalence of NDM and OXA-48 Resistant Genes among ICUs A. baumannii isolates. However, continuous regional antimicrobial resistance surveillance and improved infection control measures are required in Khartoum hospitals ICUs to prevent further dissemination.
A Case of Multiple Recurrences of Trigeminal Neuralgia: Attributed to Central Sensitization?
Authors: Cai Yuankun , Zhang Xiuling , Dai Xuan , Chai Songshan , Yang Bangkun , Shu Bing , Wang Mengyang , Li Guo , Liu Wen , Lu taojunjin , Zheng Zhixin , Mei Zhimin , Zhou Yixuan , Zhao Jingwei , Yang Jingyi , Shen Lei , Ho Joshua , Chen Jincao , Liu Kui , Xiong Nanxiang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Although many hypotheses about the pathogenesis of trigeminal neuralgia have been developed, there is little discussion about the multiple recurrences of trigeminal neuralgia. Case presentation Here we report a patient with refractory multiple recurrent trigeminal neuralgia, in which we accordingly found that an increase in facial pain trigger points and a rapid movement of the upper limb extremity could trigger an onset of trigeminal neuralgia. We offer hypothesis on the multiple recurrences of trigeminal neuralgia by explaining the cause of multiple trigger points in this patient. Conclusions Given that central sensitization is involved in a number of mechanisms of pain development and is associated with some of the symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia. We hypothesized that central sensitization may have been involved in the disease development of this case of refractory trigeminal neuralgia, which led to the development of trigger point generalization and multiple recurrence after surgical treatments.