bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating heterogeneity in meta-analysis of studies with rare events
Authors: Böhning Dankmar , Holling Heinz , Böhning Walailuck , Sangnawakij Patarawan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn many meta-analyses, the variable of interest is frequently a count outcome reported in an intervention and a control group. Single- or double-zero studies are often observed in this type of data. Given this setting, the well-known Cochran’s Q statistic for testing homogeneity becomes undefined. In this paper, we propose two statistics for testing homogeneity of the risk ratio, particularly for application in the case of rare events in meta-analysis. The first one is a chi-square type statistic. It is constructed based on information of the conditional probability of the number of events in the treatment group given the total number of events. The second one is a likelihood ratio statistic, derived from the logistic regression models allowing fixed and random effects for the risk ratio. Both proposed statistics are well defined even in the situation of single-zero studies. In a simulation study, the proposed tests show a performance better than the traditional test in terms of type I error and power of the test under common and rare event situations. However, as the performance of the two newly proposed tests is still unsatisfactory in the very rare events setting, we suggest a bootstrap approach that does not rely on asymptotic distributional theory and it is shown that the bootstrap approach performs well in terms of type I error. Furthermore, a number of empirical meta-analyses are used to illustrate the methods.
The price of love: an investigation into the relationship between romantic love and the expression of obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: McLauchlan James , Thompson Emma M. , Ferrão Ygor A. , Miguel Euripedes C. , Albertella Lucy , Marazziti Donatella , Fontenelle Leonardo F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe present study explored the influence of romantic love on the expression of several obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) characteristics, including symptom severity, symptom dimensions, age at onset, sensory phenomena (SP), and developmental course, as well as other related comorbid disorders. It was hypothesized that love-precipitated OCD would be associated with a set of distinct characteristics and exhibit greater rates of comorbid disorders.MethodsThe analyses were performed using a large sample (n = 981) of clinical patients with a primary diagnosis of OCD (Females = 67.3%,Mage = 35.31).ResultsLove-precipitated OCD was associated with greater severity of SP and later age at onset of obsessions. However, symptom severity, symptom dimension, developmental course, and psychiatric comorbidities were not associated with love-precipitated OCD.ConclusionIt was concluded that romantic love does shape the expression of OCD, especially with regard to SP and onset age. These findings encourage further exploration to determine its clinical significance as a phenotype.
MicroRNA-200c restoration reveals a cytokine profile to enhance M1 macrophage polarization in breast cancer
Authors: Williams Michelle M. , Christenson Jessica L. , O’Neill Kathleen I. , Hafeez Sabrina A. , Ihle Claire L. , Spoelstra Nicole S. , Slansky Jill E. , Richer Jennifer K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMany immune suppressive mechanisms utilized by triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) are regulated by oncogenic epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). How TNBC EMT impacts innate immune cells is not fully understood. To determine how TNBC suppresses antitumor macrophages, we used microRNA-200c (miR-200c), a powerful repressor of EMT, to drive mesenchymal-like mouse mammary carcinoma and human TNBC cells toward a more epithelial state. MiR-200c restoration significantly decreased growth of mouse mammary carcinoma Met-1 cells in culture and in vivo. Cytokine profiling of Met-1 and human BT549 cells revealed that miR-200c upregulated cytokines, such as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), promoted M1 antitumor macrophage polarization. Cytokines upregulated by miR-200c correlated with an epithelial gene signature and M1 macrophage polarization in BC patients and predicted a more favorable overall survival for TNBC patients. Our findings demonstrate that immunogenic cytokines (e.g., GM-CSF) are suppressed in aggressive TNBC, warranting further investigation of cytokine-based therapies to limit disease recurrence.
Kvasir-Capsule, a video capsule endoscopy dataset
Authors: Smedsrud Pia H. , Thambawita Vajira , Hicks Steven A. , Gjestang Henrik , Nedrejord Oda Olsen , Næss Espen , Borgli Hanna , Jha Debesh , Berstad Tor Jan Derek , Eskeland Sigrun L. , Lux Mathias , Espeland Håvard , Petlund Andreas , Nguyen Duc Tien Dang , Garcia-Ceja Enrique , Johansen Dag , Schmidt Peter T. , Toth Ervin , Hammer Hugo L. , de Lange Thomas , Riegler Michael A. , Halvorsen Pål 
Published: May 2021

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) is predicted to have profound effects on the future of video capsule endoscopy (VCE) technology. The potential lies in improving anomaly detection while reducing manual labour. Existing work demonstrates the promising benefits of AI-based computer-assisted diagnosis systems for VCE. They also show great potential for improvements to achieve even better results. Also, medical data is often sparse and unavailable to the research community, and qualified medical personnel rarely have time for the tedious labelling work. We present Kvasir-Capsule, a large VCE dataset collected from examinations at a Norwegian Hospital. Kvasir-Capsule consists of 117 videos which can be used to extract a total of 4,741,504 image frames. We have labelled and medically verified 47,238 frames with a bounding box around findings from 14 different classes. In addition to these labelled images, there are 4,694,266 unlabelled frames included in the dataset. The Kvasir-Capsule dataset can play a valuable role in developing better algorithms in order to reach true potential of VCE technology.
Visualisation and biovolume quantification in the characterisation of biofilm formation in Mycoplasma fermentans
Authors: Awadh Ammar A. , Kelly Alison F. , Forster-Wilkins Gary , Wertheim David , Giddens Richard , Gould Simon W. , Fielder Mark D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe ability of mycoplasmas to persist on surfaces has been widely acknowledged, despite their fastidious nature. However, the organism’s capability to form a recognisable biofilm structure has been identified more recently. In the current study Mycoplasma fermentans was found to adhere to the glass surface forming highly differentiated biofilm structures. The volumes of biofilm microcolonies were quantified and observed to be greater at late growth stage than those at early growth stage. The channel diameters within biofilms were measured with Scanning Electron Microscopy images and found to be consistent with the size observed in Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope images. The combination of imaging methods with 3D visualisation provides key findings that aid understanding of the mycoplasma biofilm formation and true biofilm architecture. The observations reported here provide better understanding of the persistence of these minimalist pathogens in nature and clinical settings.
Differential gene expression indicates modulated responses to chronic and intermittent hypoxia in corallivorous fireworms (Hermodice carunculata)
Authors: Grimes C. J. , Petersen L. H. , Schulze A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractClimate models predict an increase in extent, frequency, and duration of marine hypoxia events in the twenty first century. A better understanding of organismal responses to hypoxia in individual species is a crucial step for predicting ecosystem responses. We experimentally subjected a common invertebrate, the bearded fireworm (Hermodice carunculata) to two levels of chronic hypoxia and, in a separate experiment, to intermittent hypoxia. We found components of the conserved hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway and show a modulated response to hypoxia depending on the severity of hypoxic stress: under mild hypoxia, only the HIF-1α subunit is upregulated, while expression of the other subunit, aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translator, only increases significantly at more severe hypoxia levels. The chronic trials revealed down-regulation of genes related to cell adhesion, transport, development and heme-binding, and up-regulation of genes related to glycolysis, oxygen binding, cell differentiation, digestive and reproductive function. The intermittent hypoxia trials revealed an upregulation of heme transporter activity during hypoxia, and our time series analysis characterized nine clusters of genes with similar expression patterns. Our findings suggest that H. carunculata is likely to tolerate, and be resilient to, predicted future hypoxia conditions.
Effect of arm sling application on gait and balance in patients with post-stroke hemiplegia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lin Lien-Chieh , Liao Chun-De , Wu Chin-Wen , Huang Shih-Wei , Hong Jia-Pei , Chen Hung-Chou 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHemiplegic shoulder pain and impairment are common poststroke outcomes, for which arm slings constitute long-used treatments. Although multiple studies have suggested association between gait pattern and sling application, results have varied. Accordingly, we conducted this meta-analysis to determine how arm sling use affects the gait and balance of patients with poststroke hemiplegia. The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched until April 21, 2021, for randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of arm slings on gait or balance in patients with poststroke hemiplegia. The primary outcome was walking speed; the secondary outcomes were functional balance tests or walking evaluation parameters for which sufficient analytical data were available in three or more studies. Nine studies with a total of 235 patients were included, all of which were within-patient comparisons. Six studies reported significant between-group differences in walking speed with and without the use of arm slings. Patients wearing arm slings had higher walking speed (standardized mean difference =  − 0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] =  − 0.55 to − 0.07, P = 0.01, n = 159; weighted mean difference =  − 0.06, 95% CI − 0.10 to − 0.02, P = 0.001, n = 159). Our findings suggest that arm sling use improves gait performance, particularly walking speed, in patients with poststroke hemiplegia.
Factor Analysis on Multiple Auditory Processing Assessment–2 and Listening in Spatialized Noise–Sentences Test in Children
Authors: Schow Ronald L. , Dillon Harvey , Hillam Jessica , Whitaker Mary M. , Seikel J. Anthony 
Published: May 2021

Introduction
There is need for greater understanding of tests used in assessing all aspects of auditory processing disorder (APD). This is important so that specific deficits can be identified and later remediated with the smallest possible test battery. The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) recommends five areas/domains for behavioral assessment: (a) temporal, (b) binaural (dichotic) separation/integration, (c) monaural low redundancy, (d) binaural interaction/localization/lateralization, and (e) auditory discrimination. Multiple-factor studies support the first three domains, which are most often used for APD assessment and which can be measured in a test battery normed within the United States (Multiple Auditory Processing Assessment–2 [MAPA-2]). This study was designed to determine if factored results from children would clarify whether a behavioral test (Listening in Spatialized Noise–Sentences Test [LiSN-S]) would factor within one of the first three domains or be separate, possibly within the fourth domain, binaural interaction.

Method
Fifty-one 8- and 9-year-olds with normal development and normal otoscopy and hearing responses bilaterally from 500 to 4000 Hz at 20 dB HL were recruited. Two sets of APD tests were administered: MAPA-2 and LiSN-S.

Results
Results verified the expected three-factor structure for MAPA-2. LiSN-S did not factor within one of those three, suggesting that some processes involved in the LiSN-S tasks require interactions between the two ears different from those involved in dichotic perception and thus better belong in the ASHA binaural interaction/lateralization domain.

Conclusions
Auditory processing abilities are sufficiently independent of each other that test batteries spanning the first three ASHA domains are not sensitive to at least some abilities in the fourth domain. This additional factor evidence is helpful. Future research should examine the utility of measuring additional factors within APD in order to achieve the most efficient and comprehensive test battery.
Dental Age in Precocious and Delayed Puberty Periods
Authors: Tabakcilar Derya , Bundak Ruveyde , Gencay Koray 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives Precocious puberty indicates quick growth inception and delayed puberty indicates retardation in growth. This study aimed to investigate whether dental development is synchronous with somatic development.
Materials and Methods In this study, 62 girls and 34 boys with precocious puberty aged 5 to 9, 29 girls with delayed puberty aged 13 to 16, and 43 boys with delayed puberty aged 14 to 17; 169 children (91 girls and 78 boys) with normal development were compared about their dental ages through their panoramic radiographs by using the Demirjian method and skeletal ages from hand-wrist radiographs by using Greulich-Pyle atlas.
Results The findings showed that, in all cases, the dental age values were higher than chronologic and skeletal age values to a statistically significant degree. In the precocious puberty group, the dental age values were higher than chronologic age values to a statistically significant degree. In the delayed puberty group, the difference determined between the chronological age and the dental age was not found to be statistically significant.
Conclusion Given that the Demirjian method is inclined to make calculations that are higher than the chronological age, our findings suggest that the dental development was faster in the precocious puberty group and retarded in the delayed puberty group.
Comparative Analysis of Different Local Anesthetic Solutions Available in Market: An In Vitro and Clinical Study
Authors: Imran Eisha , Moeen Faisal , Abbas Beenish , Yaqoob Bakhtawar , Wajahat Mehreen , Khan Quratulain , Khurshid Zohaib 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate and compare various commercially available local anesthetic solutions.
Materials and Methods A total of 150 commercially available local anesthetic cartridges of similar composition (2% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000) were randomly collected and divided into 3 groups. The designations of groups were selected from their product names such that each group consisted of 60 cartridges. Group S (Septodont, France) Group M (Medicaine, Korea) and Group H (HD-Caine, Pakistan). The samples were divided into five sub-groups, each consisting of 10 cartridges from each group to investigate each parameter.
Results The acquired data was statistically analyzed and compared (using SPSS version 12). Compositional analysis revealed a non-significant (P>0.05) difference when the three Groups were compared with standard lidocaine and epinephrine solutions. The mean pH values of samples from group S, M, and H respectively fell within the range of pH values of commercially available solutions. Non-significant difference in EPT values of Group S and H was found when efficacy was compared (p = 0.3), however a significant difference (p < 0.01) was observed in contrast to Group M. Anti-bacterial activity was observed in all the group and a non-significant difference in cell viability values of Group S and M was found (p = 0.6), while the difference was significant in comparison to Group H.
Conclusion Within the limitations of these investigations, it appears that the properties of different manufacturers fall within the recommended ranges as mentioned in literature and do not appear to be statistically different in the variables we have tested.
The Effects of Rice Husk Liquid Smoke in Porphyromonas gingivalis-Induced Periodontitis
Authors: Budhy Theresia Indah , Arundina Ira , Surboyo Meircurius Dwi Condro , Halimah Anisa Nur 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectives The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of rice husk liquid smoke in Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced periodontitis in the inflammatory and proliferation marker such as nuclear factor kappa β (NF-kB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), collagen type 1 (COL-1) expression, and the number of macrophages, lymphocytes, and fibroblasts.Materials and Methods Rice husk liquid smoke is obtained by the pyrolysis process. Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced periodontitis in 20 μL phosphate-buffered saline containing 1 × 109 CFU was injected into the lower anterior gingival sulcus of Wistar rats. The periodontitis was then treated with 20 μL/20 g body weight of rice husk liquid smoke once a day for 2 and 7 days, respectively. After treatment, the bone and lower anterior gingival sulcus were analyzed with immunohistochemistry and hematoxylin–eosin staining.Results The treatment of periodontitis with rice husk liquid smoke showed a lower NF-kB, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression and a higher TGF-β, FGF2, and COL-1 expression than the control after treatment for 2 and 7 days (p < 0.05), respectively. The number of macrophages and fibroblasts was also higher when compared with the control group (p < 0.05), but the number of lymphocytes was lower than the control (p < 0.05).Conclusion Rice husk liquid smoke showed its effects on Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced periodontitis with a decrease in inflammatory markers and an increase in proliferation markers. The development of a rice husk liquid smoke periodontitis treatment is promising.
Transforming growth factor-β1 disrupts angiogenesis during the follicular–luteal transition through the Smad–serpin family E member 1 (SERPINE1)/serpin family B member 5 (SERPINB5) signalling pathway in the cow
Authors: Yan Leyan , Qu Xiaolu , Yu Jianning , Robinson Robert S. , Woad Kathryn J. , Shi Zhendan 
Published: May 2021

Intense angiogenesis is critical for the development of the corpus luteum and is tightly regulated by numerous factors. However, the exact role transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFB1) plays during this follicular–luteal transition remains unclear. This study hypothesised that TGFB1, acting through TGFB receptor 1 (TGFBR1) and Smad2/3 signalling, would suppress angiogenesis during the follicular–luteal transition. Using a serum-free luteinising follicular angiogenesis culture system, TGFB1 (1 and 10 ng mL–1) markedly disrupted the formation of capillary-like structures, reducing the endothelial cell network area and the number of branch points (P < 0.001 compared with control). Furthermore, TGFB1 activated canonical Smad signalling and inhibited endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) mRNA expression, but upregulated latent TGFB-binding protein and TGFBR1, serpin family E member 1 (SERPINE1) and serpin family B member 5 (SERPINB5) mRNA expression. SB431542, a TGFBR1 inhibitor, reversed the TGFB1-induced upregulation of SERPINE1 and SERPINB5. In addition, TGFB1 reduced progesterone synthesis by decreasing the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR), cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1 (CYP11A1) and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B1) expression. These results show that TGFB1 regulates NOS3, SERPINE1 and SERPINB5 expression via TGFBR1 and Smad2/3 signalling and this could be the mechanism by which TGFB1 suppresses endothelial networks. Thereby, TGFB1 may provide critical homeostatic control of angiogenesis during the follicular–luteal transition. The findings of this study reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the actions of TGFB1 in early luteinisation, which may lead to novel therapeutic strategies to reverse luteal inadequacy.
Experimental study of CO2 adsorption using activated carbon
Authors: Almoneef M M , Jedli H , Mbarek M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the CO2 adsorption isotherms of activated carbon (AC), prepared from olive waste via chemical activation by H3PO4. The textural parameters, the microstructural and morphological characterization of the AC were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption, SEM and XRD. The AC presented the best textural properties with a BET surface area of 1565 m2 g−1 and a micropore volume of 0.649 cm3 g−1. The CO2 adsorption was measured with a volumetric method at three various temperatures: 298 K, 308 K and 318 K. Different models, such as the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, were applied to model the CO2 adsorption. Based on the correlation coefficient (R2), the Langmuir model provided a the best fit with the experimental data. Different thermodynamic functions, such as Gibbs free energy and entropy, were calculated using Van Hoff’s formulation. These thermodynamic parameters indicated that the CO2 adsorption is an exothermic and spontaneous process. The results obtained in this study can serve as a benchmark while designing an adsorption-based gas storage system. the Freundlich
DOP10 Persistent sonographic Inflammation as a predictor of clinical complications in patients with Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Vaughan R , Tjandra D , Patwardhan A , Mingos N , Gibson R , Boussioutas A , Christensen B 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Transmural healing has emerged as a new treatment target and can be assessed non-invasively with intestinal ultrasound (IUS). We investigated whether the presence of persistent sonographic changes were associated with clinical complications including medication escalation, corticosteroid use, hospitalisation and surgery in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients in clinical remission at baseline.

Methods
A retrospective study on 212 patients (50% male) with CD who had IUS between August 2017- June 2020 was performed at a tertiary centre. Our analysis included patients in clinical remission at baseline IUS (HBI≤2 or CDAI&lt;150). Patients were excluded if they had disease confined to the rectum, stoma in situ, suboptimal IUS assessment or &lt; 6 months of follow up available. We compared time of medical escalation, corticosteroid use, IBD related hospitalisation or related surgery in patients with and without sonographic inflammation defined as bowel wall thickness (BWT) &gt;3mm and/or hyperaemia on colour doppler imaging, followed for a median of 19 months. We identified factors associated with survival using Kaplan Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard model.

Results
At baseline IUS, 61% of patients had sonographic inflammation. During the follow-up period medical escalation occurred in 51% of patients, corticosteroid use in 23%, hospitalisation in 20% and IBD related surgery in 13% of patients. The presence of sonographic inflammation at baseline was associated with increased risk of medical escalation (p=0.0057), corticosteroid use (p=0.037), hospitalisation (P=0.0085) and surgery (P=0.0062) (Figure 1 A-D). On multivariable analysis only maximal BWT significantly predicted medical escalation (HR 1.22 (1.02–1.46), P=0.0268). The presence of hyperaemia at baseline IUS was significantly associated with corticosteroid use (HR 2.20 (1.13–4.28), P= 0.02). No sonographic parameter predicted the need for IBD related hospitalisation or surgery. Baseline immunomodulator use and stricturing (B3) phenotype was significantly associated with surgery (HR 3.59 (1.22–10.54), P=0.02, HR 4.01 (1.14–14.03), P=0.03, respectively).

Figure 1: Kaplan-Meier analysis of the effect of sonographic healing vs sonographic inflammation. A) Medication escalation-free survival. B) Corticosteroid-free survival. C) Hospitalisation-free survival. D) Surgery-free survival.

Conclusion
In CD patients in clinical remission, persistent sonographic inflammation can be used as a non-invasive marker of increased risk for clinical complications.