bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
State of the Art MR Enterography Technique
Authors: Chatterji Manjil , Fidler Jeff L. , Taylor Stuart A. , Anupindi Sudha A. , Yeh Benjamin M. , Guglielmo Flavius F. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) is a well-established imaging technique that is commonly used for evaluating a variety of bowel diseases, most commonly inflammatory bowel disease which is increasing in prevalence. Inflammatory bowel disease is composed of 2 related, but distinct disease entities: Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis. In ulcerative colitis, inflammation is generally limited to the mucosa and invariably involves the rectum, and often the more proximal colon. CD is typified by transmural inflammation with skip lesions occurring anywhere from the mouth to anus, but characteristically involves the terminal ileum. The transmural involvement of CD may lead to debilitating ulceration and, ultimately, development of sinus tracts, which can be associated with abscesses and fistulae as extraenteric manifestations of the disease. Because much of the small bowel and extraenteric disease cannot be adequately assessed with conventional endoscopy, imaging plays a crucial role in initial diagnosis and follow-up. MRE does not use ionizing radiation which is important for these patients, many of which present earlier in life and may require multiple imaging examinations. In this article, we review the clinical indications, patient preparation, and optimal technique for MRE. We also discuss the role and proper selection of intravenous gadolinium-based contrast material, oral contrast material, and antiperistaltic agents, including pediatric considerations. Finally, we review the recommended and optional pulse sequence selection, including discussion of a “time-efficient” protocol, reviewing their utility, advantages, and limitations. Our hope is to aid the radiologist seeking to develop a robust MRE imaging program for the evaluation of bowel disease.
The Complication of Tension Pneumocephalus After Septoplasty
Authors: Çiçek Mehmet Turan , Tan Mehmet 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a case of tension pneumocephalus with severe headache 2 days after septoplasty surgery. In such cases, endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) or open approach can be used for repair of the defect. However, pneumocephalus, especially caused by minor defects, improves spontaneously with conservative treatment. In our case, the pneumocephalus was responsive to conservative treatment with bed rest, head elevation. His examinations in the 3rd and 8th months after discharge were uneventful and CT scan revealed no signs of pneumocephalus. In severe headaches developing after septoplasty, the possibility of intracranial complications should be evaluated. Simple conservative treatment should be tried before surgery, but then the patient should be examined at regular intervals.
Anatomical and Morphological Assessment of Nasopalatine Canal in Pediatric and Adolescent Population via Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Aydin Kader Cesur , Gaş Selin 
Published: February 2021

Introduction:Anatomical and morphological structure of nasopalatine canal (NPC) is important for surgical techniques carried out on the maxilla. The aim of the present study was to analyze the anatomical and morphological characteristics of the NPC among pediatric and adolescent population using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).Materials and Methods:A total of 437 cases were analyzed using CBCT images in this retrospective, cross-sectional study. Shape was analyzed as hourglass, cone, funnel, banana, cylindrical, and tree branch like. Number of foramina Stenson (FS) was evaluated through coronal, axial, and sagittal views. Landmark evaluation involved; diameter of FS, diameter of incisive foramen, diameter at the mid-canal length, NPC length, and narrowest buccal bone thickness. Pathology presence near NPC was evaluated to determine alterations on the landmark metrics.Results:Nasopalatine canal shape distribution revealed 32% hourglass, 9.6% conic, 10.8% funnel, 11.9% banana, 29.5% cylindrical and 6.2% tree branch. Number of FS (P = 0.021;P < 0.05), diameter of FS (P = 0.041; p < 0.05), NPC length (P: 0.020;P < 0.05), and narrowest buccal bone thickness from the mid-canal length was significantly higher in males (P: 0.000;P < 0.05). Diameter of incisive foramen and diameter at the mid-canal length revealed no significance among genders (P1 = 0.318,P2 = 0.105;P > 0.05). Incidence of pathology near NPC is 20.8% and was not affected by gender (P = 0,192;P > 0.05).Conclusions:The current study demonstrates significant variations of NPC morphology among patients. Therefore, CBCT analysis is highly recommended for clinicians to reduce the complications in oral and maxillofacial surgery practices and to provide better surgical outcomes.
Application of the Digital Articulator in Surgery-First Approach
Authors: Biao Yan , Jung Jin-An , Kook Min-Suk , Lee Kyungmin Clara 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Orthognathic surgery with surgery-first concept inevitably leads to an increase in posterior vertical dimension and anterior mandibular movement, causing a relapse. This case report introduces a digital technique for predictable surgical outcome in mandibular setback with the surgery-first orthognathic concept using digital articulator. Intraoral scans and a digital articulator were used to simulate the mandibular position after surgery and to predict postoperative increase in vertical dimension and its expecting forward movement of mandibile. This was incorporated in surgical planning. Sequential cone-beam computed tomography evaluation showed stable condylar position at 3 and 6 months after surgery. Thus, a digital articulator can be used to simulate the surgical outcome and to predict postsurgical increase in vertical dimension for better treatment planning.
Correction of Prominent Ears: Postauricular Muscle Relocation and Fibrofatty Tissue Excision
Authors: Mehmet Gunay Murat , Baklaci Deniz 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, we modified the combined Mustarde and Furnas type otoplasty technique and evaluated the postoperative results of the patients for symmetry and complications. Eighty prominent ears in 42 patients who underwent otoplasty between January 2017 and April 2019 were included in this study. The authors determined the amount of postauricular subcutaneous tissue to be removed according to the shape of skin incision and relocated the postauricular muscle as an adjunct to the Mustarde and Furnas otoplasty technique. All patients were followed-up at least 12 months postoperatively. The patients were also evaluated for early postoperative complications (bleeding, hematoma, perichondritis, wound infection, and skin necrosis), late postoperative complications (asymmetry, hypertrophic scars, suture extrusion, and recurrence), and patient satisfaction using objective and subjective methods.
Considering all the patients, early complications consisted of minimal low-flow bleeding (n = 4 ears/4 patients), hematoma (n = 1), and perichondritis (n = 1). Late complications consisted of suture extrusion (n = 2 ears/2 patients), hypertrophic scars (n = 2 ears/2 patients), and asymmetry (n = 1). None of the patients presented with wound infection or skin necrosis. Revision otoplasty was unilaterally performed in only 1 patient with the complaint of asymmetry. A natural-looking, adequate correction, and symmetric ear shape were achieved in all patients except 1. In terms of patient satisfaction, 38 of 42 patients evaluated the outcome as “very good,” 3 as “good,” and only 1 as “poor.” Our modified technique produced very satisfactory results and reduced the postoperative complication and asymmetry rates, as well as eliminating recurrence. The authors recommend this simple and safe procedure with excellent outcomes.
Effect of Nonradical Intravelar Veloplasty in Patients With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: A Comparative Study and Systematic Review
Authors: Rossell-Perry Percy , Romero-Narvaez Carolina , Olivencia-Flores Claudia , Marca-Ticona Renato , Herencia Anaya Melissa , Pumamango Cordova Jimmy , Luque-Tipula Margot 
Published: February 2021

Background:
The purpose of this study was to compare 2 techniques used for primary muscular repair and perform a systematic review of the literature to evaluate the effects of radical intravelar veloplasty (IVV) on nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate.

Methods:
This is an ambispective study between 2 groups of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate who were operated using a radical and conservative form of IVV in Lima Peru. Data collection was accomplished by evaluation of speech development and middle ear function of the patients. A systematic review of the literature for studies published until June 2020 to evaluate the effect using the radical IVV in patients with cleft lip and palate.

Results:
Our comparative study did not find statistically significant differences in speech development between the studied techniques for unilateral cleft palate repair. Increased number of ear tube placements have been observed in the group treated with radical form of IVV. After systematic literature searching, 10 identified studies were qualified for the final analysis, which included 1367 patients. The overall study quality according to Oxford CEBM and GRADE scale was low.

Conclusions:
The results arising from this study provides statistical evidence that one technique let us obtain better speech outcomes. A technique with conservative IVV has statistical significant fewer rate of middle ear disorders after primary cleft palate repair. Based on available scientific evidence, definitive conclusions about the effectiveness of radical IVV on velopharyngeal and middle ear function cannot be drawn.
Evaluation of the use of Different Spreader Techniques in Primary Open Septorinoplasty in Terms of Nasal and Olfactory Functions
Authors: Bilgin Ergin , Kaya Celik Elif , Baklaci Deniz , Say Mehmet Ali , Dalgic Mustafa 
Published: February 2021

Background:In this study, the authors aimed to investigate the use of spreader and determine the efficacy and superiority of different spreader techniques in septorhinoplasty in terms of nasal and olfactory functions.Methods:A total of 60 patients who had undergone septorhinoplasty with the open technique were included in the study. In addition to open septorhinoplasty, 20 patients also underwent bilateral spreader graft placement and 20 bilateral spreader flap placement. For the remaining 20 patients, open septorhinoplasty was performed without spreader grafts or flaps. The patients completed the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale consisting of five questions, and the Brief Smell Identification Test was used to detect olfactory dysfunction.Results:The preoperative mean NOSE score of all patients was 10.87 (1–18), while the postoperative mean value was 1.83 (0–10). The preoperative mean olfactory score was 6.23 ± 2.20 in all patients while it was 7.33 ± 1.75 postoperatively. There was a statistically significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative NOSE and olfactory scores in all patients, but no statistically significant difference was observed between the three groups.Conclusion:Spreader graft or flap techniques used in septorhinoplasty are safe in terms of nasal obstruction and olfactory function, and there is no statistically significant difference between them.
Endoscopic Endonasal and Transmaxillary Approach for Resection of Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma With Preoperative Embolization in a Child
Authors: Bandoh Nobuyuki , Katada Akihiro , Kono Michihisa 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A 13-year-old Japanese boy with a 6-month history of bilateral nasal obstruction and a 3-week history of recurrent epistaxis from the right nose was admitted to our department. Nasal endoscopy revealed a reddish, smooth-walled tumor occupying the right nasal cavity. Computed tomography scan revealed a 3.5 × 4.5 × 7.0-cm heterogeneously enhancing mass involving the right nasal cavity and extending posteriorly to the nasopharynx, and laterally to the pterygopalatine fossa and the medial part of the infratemporal fossa. We diagnosed as juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma with Radkowski classification stage IIC. The internal maxillary and ascending pharyngeal arteries were embolized with polyvinyl alcohol followed by Embosphere using a conventional Seldinger technique. En bloc resection was performed with an endoscopic ipsilateral endonasal and sublabial Caldwell–Luc transmaxillary approach under general anesthesia. As of 3 years postoperatively, no recurrence has been found. We report a child case of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma successfully treated with less invasive surgery with preoperative embolization.
Psychology Behind Aesthetic Rhinoplasty – Introducing the term “SIFON”
Authors: Saeed Komal , Khan Farid Ahmad , Khan Izza , Farid Aimen 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Rhinoplasty is considered one of the challenging aesthetic procedures. Psychosocial concerns motivate the urge for aesthetic procedures especially rhinoplasty. Males who fall in this category are designated as single, immature, male, over expectant and narcissistic (SIMON) in literature. As of yet, no term depicts females showing similar characteristics.

Aims and Objectives:
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) in females seeking rhinoplasty and to introduce a new term.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective, questionnaire based, qualitative study was conducted in the Department Of Plastic Surgery, Services Institute Of Medical Sciences and Surgimed Hospital, Lahore between March 2018 and March 2020. 110 female candidates seeking aesthetic rhinoplasty were included in the study. BDD was evaluated using the Dysmorphic Concerns Questionnaire, DCQ (Table 1). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 software and correlation between the groups was evaluated.

Results:
Out of 110 female subjects, 77.3% (n = 85) were single, 16.4% (n = 18) were married and 6.4% (n = 7) were divorced. BDD was found in 41.8% (n = 46) of the candidates, majority being single (n = 41, 89.1%) and having educational status above diploma (n = 39, 84.8%). There was a statistically higher percentage of young adults between 24 and 28 years (n = 33, 71.7%) having BDD (P = 0.0001).

Conclusion:
Considering the high frequency of BDD among females seeking rhinoplasty, a standardized term ‘SIFON’ is introduced to describe such individuals who are S; single, I; immature, F; female, O; over expectant, N; narcissistic as apposed to SIMON in males.
An Extraordinary Complication of Chronic Tonsillitis: Perforation of Posterior Plica
Authors: Çiçek Mehmet Turan , Aslan Mehmet 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Tonsillitis is a very common condition. It is usually of viral origin, is self-limiting, is generally treated conservatively in practice. Complications can be divided into non-suppurative and suppurative. According to the literature search, there is no reported case of posterior plica perforation caused by recurrent tonsil infections. The authors aimed to present the first case of posterior plica perforation caused by recurrent tonsillitis in the literature.
Functional Network Development in Sagittal Craniosynostosis Treated With Whole Vault Cranioplasty
Authors: Cabrejo Raysa , Lacadie Cheryl , Sun Alexander , Chuang Carolyn , Yang Jenny , Brooks Eric , Beckett Joel , Eilbott Jeffrey , Gabrick Kyle , Steinbacher Derek , Duncan Charles , DiLuna Michael , Alperovich Michael , Pelphrey Kevin , Ventola Pamela , Constable Todd , Persing John A. 
Published: February 2021

Introduction:
In this study, the authors seek to clarify the neurological changes before and after whole vault cranioplasty (WVC) in patients born with sagittal craniosynostosis.

Methods:
A case control study design was performed that included thirty functional MRI scans, from 25 individual patients. Functional MRI and diffusion tension imaging data were analyzed with BioImageSuite (Yale University, USA). 9 functional brain networks were analyzed, with appropriate correlated functional regions of the brain and utilized for analysis.

Results:
Comparing functional MRI the infants after WVC versus infants before WVC group, the after WVC group demonstrated an increased connectivity in the left frontoparietal, secondary (V2), and third (V3) visual networks (P < 0.001). The right frontoparietal (RFPN) had decreased connectivity (P < 0.001). There is also a decrease and increase in anisotropy in the cingulum and precuneus despite surgery, respectively (P < 0.05). Adolescents treated with WVC compared to controls, demonstrated an increased connectivity in the salience and decreased connectivity in the RFPN relative to adolescent controls.

Conclusions:
Patients born with sagittal craniosynostosis have different connections in infancy in most of the defined cerebral networks compared to controls. After surgery, there are specific connectivity changes that occur in the RFPN, left frontoparietal, V2, and V3 networks, which are areas associated with executive function and emotional control. Changes identified in white matter tract microstructure connections could be influential in changes in functional connectivity. Although, as a child with sagittal craniosynostosis develops, much of the abnormal network connections, seen in infancy preoperatively, corrects to some degree after surgery. However, some aberrancies in the salience and RFPN networks remain potentially affecting executive functioning.
The Radiological Evaluation of the Crista Galli and Its Clinical Implications for Anterior Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Uçar Hadice , Bahşi Ilhan , Orhan Mustafa , Yalçin Eda Didem 
Published: February 2021

Introduction:
Crista galli is extremely important in the endoscopic transcribriform approaches and some extradural approaches. Because of its clinical significance, the morphometric properties of crista galli should be well known. In this study, it was aimed to examine the morphometry and the pneumatization incidence of the crista galli in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.

Material and Methods:
In this retrospective study, the length and width of the crista galli were measured in CBCT images of 300 healthy individuals. Besides, the presence of crista galli pneumatization was examined.

Results:
The length and width of the crista galli were determined to be as 14.03 ± 2.93 mm and 3.73 ± 1.48 mm, respectively. Pneumatized crista galli was detected in 53 out of 300 individuals (17.67%). There was no statistical difference between the presence of pneumatization and both length and width values of the crista galli (P = 0.876 and P = 0.478, respectively). In addition, no relationship was determined between age and the presence of pneumatization (P = 0.167).

Conclusion:
In this study, it is seen that the length (range: 6.00–23.40 mm) and width (range: 1.40–8.00 mm) of crista galli are in a very wide range. Besides, it is seen in the literature that the incidence of crista galli pneumatization is in a very wide range (2.4% to 66.6%). Based on the available data, it will not be possible to determine a specific range of values for crista galli morphometry. Therefore, the authors think that CT imaging is extremely important in preoperative evaluation.
MUC1 Mitigates Renal Injury and Inflammation in Endotoxin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Inhibiting the TLR4-MD2 Axis and Reducing Pro-inflammatory Macrophages Infiltration
Authors: Gibier Jean-Baptiste , Swierczewski Thomas , Csanyi Marie , Hemon Brigitte , Glowacki Francois , Maboudou Patrice , Van Seuningen Isabelle , Cauffiez Christelle , Pottier Nicolas , Aubert Sebastien , Perrais Michael , Gnemmi Viviane 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Sepsis is the leading cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in critical care patients. A cornerstone of sepsis-associated AKI is dysregulated inflammation driven by excessive activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway. MUC1, a membrane-bound mucin expressed in both epithelial tubular cells and renal macrophages, has been shown to be involved in the regulation of TLRs. Therefore, we hypothesized that MUC1 could mitigate the renal inflammatory response to TLR4 activation. To test this hypothesis, we used a murine model of endotoxin-induced AKI by intraperitoneal injection of LPS. We showed that Muc1−/− mice have a more severe renal dysfunction, an increased activation of the tissular NF-kB pathway and secreted more pro inflammatory cytokines compare to Muc1+/+ mice. By flow cytometry, we observed that the proportion of M1 (pro-inflammatory) macrophages in the kidneys of Muc1−/− mice was significantly increased. In human and murine primary macrophages, we showed that MUC1 is only induced in M1 type macrophages and that macrophages derived from Muc1−/− mice secreted more pro-inflammatory cytokines. Eventually, in HEK293 cells, we showed that MUC1 cytosolic domain (CT) seems necessary for the negative regulation of TLR4 by proximity ligation assay, MUC1-CT is in close relationship with TLR4 and acts as a competitive inhibitor of the recruitment of MYD88. Overall our results support that in the context of endotoxin-induced AKI, MUC1 plays a significant role in controlling disease severity by regulating negatively the TLR4-MD2 axis.
Thermal Stress Induces Long-Term Remodeling of Adipose Tissue and Is Associated with Systemic Dysfunction
Authors: Knuth Carly M. , Auger Christopher , Chi Leon , Barayan Dalia , Abdullahi Abdikarim , Jeschke Marc G. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Severe burns are characterized by the magnitude and duration of the hypermetabolic response thereafter, and demarcated by the loss of lean body mass and catabolism of fat stores. The aim of the present study was to delineate the temporal and location-specific physiological changes to adipose depots and downstream consequences post-burn in a murine model of thermal injury. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to a 30% total body surface area burn and body mass, food intake, and tissue mass were monitored for various time points up until 60 days postinjury. Mitochondrial respirometry was performed using a Seahorse XF96 analyzer. Lipolytic markers and browning markers were analyzed via Western blotting and histology. A severe burn results in a futile cycle of lipolysis and white adipose tissue (WAT) browning, the sequelae of which include fat catabolism, hepatomegaly, and loss of body mass despite increased food intake. A dynamic remodeling of epididymal WAT was observed with acute and chronic increases in lipolysis. Moreover, we demonstrate that pathological browning of inguinal WAT persists up to 60 days post-burn, highlighting the magnitude of the β-adrenergic response to thermal injury. Our data suggests that adipose depots have a heterogeneous response to burns and that therapeutic interventions targeting these physiological changes can improve outcomes. These data may also have implications for treating catabolic conditions such as cancer cachexia as well as developing treatments for obesity and type II diabetes.