bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and risk factors for gastrointestinal symptoms after recovery from COVID‐19
Authors: Blackett John W. , Li Jianhua , Jodorkovsky Daniela , Freedberg Daniel E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 frequently presents with acute gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, but it is unclear how common these symptoms are after recovery. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence and characteristics of GI symptoms after COVID‐19.MethodsThe medical records of patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 between March 1 and June 30, 2020, were reviewed for the presence of GI symptoms at primary care follow‐up 1 to 6 months later. The prevalence of new GI symptoms was estimated, and risk factors were assessed. Additionally, an anonymous survey was used to determine the prevalence of new GI symptoms among online support groups for COVID‐19 survivors.Key ResultsAmong 147 patients without pre‐existing GI conditions, the most common GI symptoms at the time of hospitalization for COVID‐19 were diarrhea (23%), nausea/vomiting (21%), and abdominal pain (6.1%), and at a median follow‐up time of 106 days, the most common GI symptoms were abdominal pain (7.5%), constipation (6.8%), diarrhea (4.1%), and vomiting (4.1%), with 16% reporting at least one GI symptom at follow‐up (95% confidence interval 11 to 23%). Among 285 respondents to an online survey for self‐identified COVID‐19 survivors without pre‐existing GI symptoms, 113 (40%) reported new GI symptoms after COVID‐19 (95% CI 33.9 to 45.6%).Conclusion and inferencesAt a median of 106 days after discharge following hospitalization for COVID‐19, 16% of unselected patients reported new GI symptoms at follow‐up. 40% of patients from COVID survivor groups reported new GI symptoms. The ongoing GI effects of COVID‐19 after recovery require further study.
Human resource management as a tool to control corruption: Evidence from Mexican municipal governments
Authors: Nieto‐Morales Fernando , Ríos Viridiana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrincipal‐agent models of corruption control that emphasize rules, incentives, and sanctions as prime antecedents of corruption often stop short when evaluating how these general principles translate into concrete Human Resource Management (HRM) policies. Following a call to develop research about how day‐to‐day public management operations change incentives to be corrupt, we use data of 5.22 million USD audited to 545 local Mexican governments over 3 years to test the correlation between the misappropriation of public funds and specific HRM functions. Our results suggest that HRM is a critical, underseen factor in understanding the risk of corruption. In line with previous findings, we show that having merit‐based recruitment can prevent corruption. However, we also find that having performance and departmental evaluations and a less unequal structure of remunerations may also help local governments effectively avoid the misappropriation of public money.
YAP facilitates melanoma migration through regulation of actin‐related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5 (ARPC5)
Authors: Lui Jason W. , Moore Stephen P.G. , Huang Lee , Ogomori Kelsey , Li Yan , Lang Deborah 
Published: September 2021

AbstractYes‐associated protein 1 (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ‐binding motif (TAZ) are transcriptional coactivators that have been implicated in driving metastasis and progression in many cancers, mainly through their transcriptional regulation of downstream targets. Although YAP and TAZ have shown redundancy in many contexts, it is still unknown whether or not this is true in melanoma. Here, we show that while both YAP and TAZ are expressed in a panel of melanoma cell lines, depletion of YAP results in decreased cell numbers, focal adhesions, and the ability to invade matrigel. Using non‐biased RNA‐sequencing analysis, we find that melanoma cells depleted of YAP, TAZ, or YAP/TAZ exhibit drastically different transcriptomes. We further uncover the ARP2/3 subunit ARPC5 as a specific target of YAP but not TAZ and that ARPC5 is essential for YAP‐dependent maintenance of melanoma cell focal adhesion numbers. Our findings suggest that in melanoma, YAP drives melanoma progression, survival, and invasion.
Evaluation of electronic consults for outpatient pediatric patients with dermatologic complaints
Authors: Pahalyants Vartan , Murphy William S. , Gunasekera Nicole S. , Das Shinjita , Hawryluk Elena B. , Kroshinsky Daniela 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough dermatologic complaints are frequently encountered by pediatricians, access to pediatric dermatologists remains limited. Teledermatology has been proposed to expand access to dermatologic care for children. We report our experience with a physician‐to‐physician store‐and‐forward teledermatology service (eConsults), focusing on patient and consult characteristics and their relationship with teledermatologist confidence and follow‐up recommendations as well as clinical outcomes.MethodsWe reviewed electronic health records of all pediatric patients referred through eConsults at the Massachusetts General Hospital from 1/13/2020 to 7/17/2020. We assessed pediatrician and parental receptiveness with a confidential survey.ResultsA total of 302 referrals (median patient age 4.6 years (IQR 0.6‐12); 54% female) and 310 cases were completed in 1.8 days on average (SD = 1.2). Teledermatologists rated their confidence as definite and moderate in 51.3% and 39.4% cases, respectively. Teledermatologists felt comfortable managing rashes remotely, but patients with alopecia, pigmented and vascular lesions, and warts frequently required formal dermatology evaluation. Among patients seen subsequently, full concordance was seen for 70.1% of diagnoses and 74.4% of management recommendations. All responding pediatricians were satisfied with the service, and 97.5% felt that the parents were receptive to it.ConclusionsOur study supports the growing evidence that store‐and‐forward teledermatology can quickly and effectively provide the access to pediatric dermatologic care and is well received by pediatricians and parents. To maximize cost‐effectiveness of store‐and‐forward teledermatology, dermatologists should work with referring providers to improve the quality of submitted photographs and patient history as well as advise in‐person referrals for cases likely to require further follow‐up.
The value of photomedicine in a global health crisis: Utilizing ultraviolet C to decontaminate N95 respirators during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Ko Dayoung , Lyons Alexis B. , Kohli Indermeet , Narla Shanthi , Torres Angeli Eloise , Miller Angela , Ozog David , Hamzavi Iltefat , Lim Henry W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOne early problem during the height of the COVID‐19 global pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), was the shortage of personal protective equipment donned by healthcare workers, particularly N95 respirators. Given the known virucidal, bactericidal, and fungicidal properties of ultraviolet irradiation, in particular ultraviolet C (UVC) radiation, our photomedicine and photobiology unit explored the role of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) using UVC in effectively decontaminating N95 respirators. The review highlights the important role of photobiology and photomedicine in this pandemic. Namely, the goals of this review were to highlight: UVGI as a method of respirator disinfection—specifically against SARS‐CoV‐2, adverse reactions to UVC and precautions to protect against exposure, other methods of decontamination of respirators, and the importance of respirator fit testing.
Images of Wartime Sexual Violence in the Chronicles of Giovanni Villani and Giovanni Sercambi*
Authors: Bokody Péter 
Published: September 2021

AbstractVisual evidence on the perception of sexual violence from the communal period of Italy is limited. Diana Wolfthal in her groundbreaking study of medieval and early modern rape imagery showed that representations in these periods could have a critical component, and depicted these atrocities without sanitizing or eroticizing the act. This study develops on Wolfthal’s thesis by examining two sets of contemporary images from fourteenth‐century Tuscany: the Nuova Cronica of Giovanni Villani (1341–48) and the first part of Giovanni Sercambi’s Croniche (c.1400). In these works, the sack of a city appears to be the primary context of large‐scale and excessive sexual violence. In addition to their unanimous condemnatory angle, these texts and images also reveal different ideological motivations. Whereas Villani aimed at discarding the eventual charge of sexual violence against his hometown, Sercambi described the impact of mass rape on some cities. The chronicles use laconic and circumlocutory terms to report about the atrocities, which is matched with the sporadic presence of women in the imagery. In this limited visual language, the construction and destruction of city‐walls and gate may express the harm inflicted on the female bodies and, by extension, on the entire urban community.
Collision Risk Modeling and Analysis for Lateral Separation to Support Unmanned Traffic Management
Authors: Kallinen Valtteri , McFadyen Aaron 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article investigates the utility and extension of well‐established collision risk modeling approaches for lateral separation standard development for unmanned traffic management and network design. The applicability of standard assumptions and simplifications made in the manned environment to a scaled‐down unmanned aerial systems (UAS) environment is first investigated. The results are used to derive an iso‐risk surface that shows the tradeoff between separation distance and navigation performance for a given risk level or target level of safety. The model is then extended to consider collision risk from one to tracks, and finally to determine the total collision risk and the related iso‐risk surfaces for systems of parallel tracks with additions to account for the effects of more than two parallel tracks. The extended model is applied to a case study where airspace design for an urban area is conducted via maximization of the number of same‐direction parallel tracks while meeting the target level of safety. The results suggest that lateral separation distances less than 100 m are achievable for small UAS, and that the separation standards are mostly affected by the proportion of poorly navigating aircraft.
Toward a Psychology of Deep Reinforcement Learning Agents Using a Cognitive Architecture
Authors: Mitsopoulos Konstantinos , Somers Sterling , Schooler Joel , Lebiere Christian , Pirolli Peter , Thomson Robert 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe argue that cognitive models can provide a common ground between human users and deep reinforcement learning (Deep RL) algorithms for purposes of explainable artificial intelligence (AI). Casting both the human and learner as cognitive models provides common mechanisms to compare and understand their underlying decision‐making processes. This common grounding allows us to identify divergences and explain the learner's behavior in human understandable terms. We present novel salience techniques that highlight the most relevant features in each model's decision‐making, as well as examples of this technique in common training environments such as Starcraft II and an OpenAI gridworld.
La acción subrogatoria del asegurador en el transporte marítimo de mercaderías
Authors: Tabares Cortés Felipe 
Published: September 2021

En la economía global la regulación del transporte marítimo tiene gran importancia teniendo en cuenta su antigüedad, su volumen y las distancias que actualmente recorren mercancías y materias. En sentencia de 5 de abril de 2021, la Corte Suprema de Justicia de Colombia se refirió a este tema, definiendo el termino de prescripción de la acción subrogatoria del asegurador en el transporte marítimo de mercaderías, específicamente en la avería gruesa. La Corte indicó cuales son las acciones propias del instituto de la avería gruesa y su distinción con el contrato de transporte marítimo de mercaderías. En este articulo recordamos la noción de la avería gruesa, su régimen jurídico y los elementos característicos de esta institución milenaria del derecho marítimo, en derecho colombiano y en derecho comparado francés.
Testing Machine Learning Algorithms for Drilling Incidents Detection on a Pilot Small-Scale Drilling Rig
Authors: Løken Erik Andreas , Løkkevik Jens , Sui Dan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In recent years, drilling digitalization and automation have advanced from being automation of rig floor equipment to an idea that is starting to be applied to entire drilling processes. However it is very costly in terms of field testing and validating developed novel technologies. To address this limitation, we take advantage of a laboratory drilling rig to run a large number of drilling tests. By introducing various drilling scenarios while drilling different formations using various combinations of the operational parameters, we could be able to collect a large amount of data for data-driven methods development and testing. The main study in this article is to develop machine learning algorithms for identifying abnormal drilling and test these algorithms on the rig based on the responses of the rig sensors in real-time operations. The idea also helps us determine what the most important parameters or their combinations for drilling incidents detection are, which we could pay greatest attention to make right decisions with the help of drilling data during real-time operations.
Effect of Negative Stiffness Content on the Periodic Motion of Nonlinearly Coupled Oscillators
Authors: Al-Shudeifat Mohammad A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The linear and nonlinear stiffness coupling forces in dynamical oscillators are usually dominated by positive stiffness components. Therefore, plotting the resultant force in y-axis with respect to the change in displacement in x-axis results in an odd symmetry in the first and third quadrants of the xy-plane. However, the appearance of negative stiffness content in coupling elements between dynamical oscillators generates a force that can be dominated by an odd symmetry in the second and fourth quadrants. The underlying nonlinear dynamical behavior of systems employing this kind of force has not been well-studied in the literature. Accordingly, the considered system here is composed of two linear oscillators that are nonlinearly coupled by a force of which the negative stiffness content is dominant. Therefore, the underlying dynamical behavior of the considered system in physical and dimensionless forms is studied on the frequency-energy plots where many backbone curves of periodic solution have been obtained. It is found that within a wide range of nonlinear frequency levels, the nonlinear coupling force is dominated by a strong negative stiffness content at the obtained frequency-energy plots backbones.
Increasing Cervical Cancer Prevention Through HPV Testing: Challenges in Developing Persuasive Messages
Authors: Dignan Mark , Kruse-Diehr Aaron 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Decades of promotion of the Pap test have fallen short in persuading vulnerable women to get screened for cervical cancer. Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing provides an additional screening tool, and the task for cancer control is to promote understanding of the test and encourage its use. Ogden and colleagues investigated the effect of message framing on increasing knowledge and intention to receive HPV testing. Although both messages increased knowledge and intention, no differences were found between gain- and loss-framed messages. We explore implications of this finding and discuss needed research to expand upon and contextualize this important formative research.
See related article, p. 839
Psychometric Evaluation of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire in Men and Women With Heart Failure
Authors: Hejjaji Vittal , Tang Yuanyuan , Coles Theresa , Jones Philip G. , Reeve Bryce B. , Mentz Robert J. , Spatz Erica S. , Dunlay Shannon M. , Caldwell Brittany , Saha Anindita , Tarver Michelle E. , Tran Andy , Patel Krishna K. , Henke Debra , Piña Ileana L. , Spertus John A. 
Published: September 2021

Background:
The Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) has been psychometrically evaluated in multiple heart failure (HF) populations, but the comparability of its psychometric properties between men and women is unknown.

Methods:
Data from 3 clinical trials (1 in stable HF with preserved ejection fraction, 1 each in stable and acute HF with reduced ejection fraction) and 1 prospective cohort study (stable HF with reduced ejection fraction), incorporating 6773 men and 3612 women with HF, were used to compare the construct validity, internal and test-retest reliability, ability to detect change, predict mortality and hospitalizations and minimally important differences between the 2 sexes. Interactions of the KCCQ overall summary and subdomain scores by sex were independently examined.

Results:
The KCCQ-Overall Summary score correlated well with New York Heart Association functional class in both sexes across patients with stable (correlation coefficient: −0.40 in men versus −0.49 in women) and acute (−0.37 in men versus −0.34 in women) HF. All KCCQ subdomains demonstrated concordant relationships with relevant comparison standards with no significant interactions by sex in 19 of 21 of these construct validity analyses. All KCCQ scores were equally predictive and other psychometric evaluations showed similar results by sex: test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.94 in men versus 0.92 in women), responsive to change (standardized response mean 1.01 in both sexes), as were the minimally important differences and internal reliability.

Conclusions:
The psychometric properties of the KCCQ, in terms of validity, prognosis, reliability, and sensitivity to change, are comparable in men and women with HF with preserved ejection fraction and HF with reduced ejection fraction.
Cardiac Arrhythmias and Impaired Heart Rate Variability in Older Patients With Ventricular Septal Defects
Authors: Maagaard Marie , Eckerström Filip , Hjortdal Vibeke E. 
Published: September 2021

Background
Congenital ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are considered to have benign long‐term outcome when treated correctly in childhood. However, abnormal parameters are described in younger adults, including impaired heart rate variability (HRV). It is not known whether such abnormalities will deteriorate with age. Therefore, HRV and cardiac events, such as premature ventricular contraction, were evaluated in patients aged >40 years with congenital VSDs and compared with healthy peers.

Methods and Results

A total of 30 surgically closed VSDs (51±8 years, repair at median age 6.3 years with total range 1.4–54 years) with 30 healthy controls (52±9 years) and 30 small, unrepaired VSDs (55±12 years) with 30 controls (55±10 years) were all equipped with a Holter monitor for 24 hours. Compared with healthy peers, surgically closed patients had lower SD of the normal‐to‐normal (NN) interbeat interval (129±37 versus 168±38 ms;
P
<0.01), SD of the average NN intervals for each 5‐minute segment of a 24‐hour HRV recording (116±35 versus 149±35 ms;
P
<0.01) and 24‐hour triangular index (31±9 versus 44±11;
P
<0.01). SD of the NN intervals, SD of the average NN intervals for each 5‐minute segment of a 24‐hour HRV recording, and triangular index were comparable between unrepaired VSDs and healthy peers. SD of the NN intervals was <100 ms in 22% of surgically closed and 10% of unrepaired VSDs, whereas controls were within normal ranges. A high number of premature ventricular contractions (>200 events) was registered in 57% of surgical patients compared with 3% of controls (
P
<0.01), and 53% of unrepaired VSDs compared with 10% in controls (
P
<0.01).

Conclusions
Adults aged >40 with congenital VSDs demonstrate impaired HRV, mainly among surgically closed VSDs. More than half demonstrated a high number of premature ventricular contractions. These novel findings could indicate long‐term cardiovascular disturbances. This necessitates continuous follow‐up of VSDs throughout adulthood.
Effects of Fluoxetine on Outcomes at 12 Months After Acute Stroke
Authors: Lundström Erik , Isaksson Eva , Greilert Norin Nina , Näsman Per , Wester Per , Mårtensson Björn , Norrving Bo , Wallén Håkan , Borg Jörgen , Hankey Graeme J. , Hackett Maree L. , Mead Gillian E. , Dennis Martin S. , Sunnerhagen Katharina S. ,   on the behalf of the EFFECTS Writing Committee
Published: September 2021

Background and Purpose:
The EFFECTS (Efficacy of Fluoxetine—a Randomised Controlled Trial in Stroke) recently reported that 20 mg fluoxetine once daily for 6 months after acute stroke did not improve functional outcome but reduced depression and increased fractures and hyponatremia at 6 months. The purpose of this predefined secondary analysis was to identify if any effects of fluoxetine were maintained or delayed over 12 months.

Methods:
EFFECTS was an investigator-led, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel group trial in Sweden that enrolled adult patients with stroke. Patients were randomized to 20 mg oral fluoxetine or matching placebo for 6 months and followed for another 6 months. The primary outcome was functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale), at 6 months. Predefined secondary outcomes for these analyses included the modified Rankin Scale, health status, quality of life, fatigue, mood, and depression at 12 months.

Results:

One thousand five hundred patients were recruited from 35 centers in Sweden between 2014 and 2019; 750 were allocated fluoxetine and 750 placebo. At 12 months, modified Rankin Scale data were available in 715 (95%) patients allocated fluoxetine and 712 (95%) placebo. The distribution of modified Rankin Scale categories was similar in the 2 groups (adjusted common odds ratio, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.76–1.10]). Patients allocated fluoxetine scored worse on memory with a median value of 89 (interquartile range, 75–100) versus 93 (interquartile range, 82–100);
P
=0.0021 and communication 93 (interquartile range, 82–100) versus 96 (interquartile range, 86–100);
P
=0.024 domains of the Stroke Impact Scale compared with placebo. There were no other differences in secondary outcomes.

Conclusions:
Fluoxetine after acute stroke had no effect on functional outcome at 12 months. Patients allocated fluoxetine scored worse on memory and communication on the Stroke Impact Scale compared with placebo, but this is likely to be due to chance.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02683213.