bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional regression control chart for monitoring ship CO2$_{2}$ emissions
Authors: Capezza Christian , Centofanti Fabio , Lepore Antonio , Menafoglio Alessandra , Palumbo Biagio , Vantini Simone 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOn modern ships, the quick development in data acquisition technologies is producing data‐rich environments where variable measurements are continuously streamed and stored during navigation and thus can be naturally modelled as functional data or profiles. Then, both the CO emissions (i.e. the quality characteristic of interest) and the variable profiles that have an impact on them (i.e. the covariates) are called to be explored in the light of the new worldwide and European regulations on the monitoring, reporting and verification of harmful emissions. In this paper, we show an application of the functional regression control chart (FRCC) with the ultimate goal of answering, at the end of each ship voyage, the question: given the value of the covariates, is the observed CO emission profile as expected? To this aim, the FRCC focuses on the monitoring of residuals obtained from a multivariate functional linear regression of the CO emission profiles on the functional covariates. The applicability of the FRCC is demonstrated through a real‐case study of a Ro‐Pax ship operating in the Mediterranean Sea. The proposed FRCC is also compared with other alternatives available in the literature and its advantages are discussed over some practical examples.
Quantum Neuromorphic Computing with Reservoir Computing Networks
Authors: Ghosh Sanjib , Nakajima Kohei , Krisnanda Tanjung , Fujii Keisuke , Liew Timothy C. H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractQuantum reservoir networks combine the intelligence of neural networks with the potential of quantum computing in a single platform. This platform operates on the architecture of reservoir computing, which can function even with random connections between neural nodes. This is a major advantage for hardware implementation. Herein is described how reservoir computing is brought into the quantum domain to perform various tasks, including characterization of quantum states, quantum estimation, quantum state preparation, and quantum computing. It shows quantum enhancement in classical data processing, and creates the opportunity for quantum information processing within the robust paradigm of neural networks. It is friendly for implementation in a wide range of physical systems, including quantum dots, superconductors, trapped ions, cold atoms, and exciton‐polaritons.
Hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019: Rapid updated systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gupta Tejpal , Thakkar Prafulla , Kalra Babusha , Kannan Sadhana 
Published: July 2021

SummaryCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 continues to grow and spread throughout the world since being declared a pandemic. Despite extensive scientific research globally including repurposing of several existing drugs, there is no effective or proven therapy for this enigmatic disease which is still largely managed empirically This systematic review evaluated the role of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in the treatment of COVID‐19 infection and was conducted using Cochrane methodology for systematic reviews of interventional studies including risk of bias assessment and grading of the quality of evidence. Only prospective clinical trials randomly assigning COVID‐19 patients to HCQ plus standard of care therapy (test arm) versus placebo/standard of care (control arm) were included. Data were pooled using the random‐effects model and expressed as risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 10,492 patients from 19 randomised controlled trials were included. The use of HCQ was not associated with higher rates of clinical improvement (RR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.96–1.03, p = 0.79) or reduction in all‐cause mortality by Day14 (RR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.97–1.19, p = 0.19) or Day28 (RR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.99–1.19, p = 0.09) compared to placebo/standard of care. There was no significant difference in serious adverse events between the two arms (RR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.85–1.19, p = 0.95). There is low‐to‐moderate certainty evidence that HCQ therapy is generally safe but does not reduce mortality or enhance recovery in patients with COVID‐19 infection.
Adaptive dynamic programming‐based event‐triggered optimal tracking control
Authors: Xue Shan , Luo Biao , Liu Derong , Gao Ying 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this article, an event‐triggered constrained optimal tracking control algorithm using integral reinforcement learning (IRL) is developed. First, the constrained optimal tracking control problem is transformed into an optimal regulation problem by employing an augmented system with a discounted value function. Then, IRL is introduced to solve the Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman equation, where the drift dynamics and reference dynamics are not required. The learning of neural network weights is event‐triggered and there is no restriction on the initial control to be admissible. The involvement of event‐triggering mechanism alleviates the pressure of data transmission on the network to some extent, which is suitable for control systems with limited computational and communication resources. Moreover, the nonexistence of Zeno behavior and the stability of the impulsive system are proved, respectively. Finally, the application of the algorithm on a mass‐spring‐damper system verifies its effectiveness.
Optimal observer‐based output feedback controller for traffic congestion with bottleneck
Authors: Guan Lina , Zhang Liguo , Prieur Christophe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article designs an optimal observer‐based output feedback control for traffic breakdown to dissolve traffic congestion using the backstepping method and optimization. The linearized Aw–Rascle–Zhang model is used to represent the congested traffic dynamics resulting from traffic breakdown. Based on the factors leading to traffic breakdown, we take into account the boundary conditions consisting of a boundary with a constant density and a speed drop at the upstream inlet of a bottleneck, and a boundary with a disturbance of inflow (high traffic demand) at the inlet of the road segment under consideration. To dissolve traffic congestion, a dynamic feedback controller is designed at the upstream boundary. By using the backstepping approach, an observer‐based output feedback controller is computed to guarantee the integral input‐to‐state stability of the closed‐loop system. By establishing an optimization problem and solving it, the optimal value of the considered class controller is obtained. The performance of the output feedback controller is also validated by numerical simulations.
How conceptual blends support sensemaking: A case study from introductory physics
Authors: Odden Tor Ole B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhen learning science, students must often make sense of complex and counterintuitive ideas. However, this process of sensemaking is difficult, and consequently students risk emerging from science courses with highly fragmented understandings. In this study, I examine the ways in which students create conceptual connections to resolve such difficulties and defragment their understandings. Using three intersecting theoretical frameworks—Knowledge in Pieces, sensemaking, and conceptual blends—I analyze a case study of two undergraduate physics students making sense of the concepts of voltage, electric potential, and electric potential energy. I show how the students move through the different stages of the sensemaking process and how a conceptual blend was constructed and productively applied to help them resolve their knowledge fragmentation. Based on this case, I argue that conceptual blends can serve as a cognitive mechanism for the sensemaking process.
Recent Advances in the Use of Biomass‐Derived Activated Carbon as an Electrode Material for Electroanalysis
Authors: Akanda Md. Rajibul , Bibi Aisha , Aziz Md. Abdul 
Published: July 2021

AbstractActivated carbon (AC), which has attracted considerable attention as an electrode material, holds much promise for electroanalysis. The unique physical and chemical properties of AC, such as the high surface area, good thermal and electrical conductivity, good anti‐causticity, high stability, and low cost make it an electrode material which can generate large profits from a commercialization perspective. Number of biomass‐derived ACs (BACs) with a variety of pore sizes, porosity, morphology, and crystallinity have been prepared from a range of sources of biomass, including agro‐wastes on a large scale. BACs exhibit unique and tunable electrochemical properties depending on their physicochemical properties and thus, have found number of applications in industries, pharmaceutical industry, and water treatment plants. From an electrochemical perspective, researchers have demonstrated the impact of BAC as an electrode material for detecting electroactive drugs, environmental pollutants, and developing electrochemical biosensors. Hence, this paper thoroughly reviews and summarizes the literature published within the last ten years, focusing specifically on the types of analytes detected and electrochemical techniques employed and evaluating their performance (in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, and dynamic ranges) and feasibility for electroanalysis. In addition, the review outlines some constructive advice and scope for further research.
Metal–Organic Frameworks‐Derived Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Carbon Nanocubes with Embedded Co Nanoparticles as Efficient Sulfur Immobilizers for Room Temperature Sodium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Mou Jirong , Li Yijuan , Liu Ting , Zhang Wenjia , Li Mei , Xu Yuting , Zhong Lei , Pan Wenhao , Yang Chenghao , Huang Jianlin , Liu Meilin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRoom temperature sodium–sulfur (RT Na–S) batteries are considered a promising candidate for energy‐storage due to their high energy‐density and low‐cost. However, the shutting effect of polysulfides and sluggish kinetics of sulfur redox reactions still severely limit their practical implementation. Herein, a new type of 3D hierarchical porous carbonaceous nanocubes is reported as efficient sulfur hosts, composed of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and Co nanoparticles (NPs) uniformly embedded into a nitrogen‐doped carbon matrix (NC). Because of the high specific surface area, large degree of graphitization, and the synergetic effects between Co NPs and N‐doping, the as‐designed CNTs/Co@NC electrodes not only significantly increase polysulfides immobilization, but also efficiently catalyze sulfur redox reactions, as confirmed by experimental results and DFT calculations. When tested in a RT Na–S battery, the S@CNTs/Co@NC‐0.25 cathode demonstrates outstanding electrochemical performance, achieving high initial specific capacity of 1200.3 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, remarkable rate capability up to 5.0 C (474.2 mAh g−1), and superior cyclic performance of 450.5 mAh g−1 (292 mAh g−1) after 400 cycles at 1.0 C (5.0 C). The integration of a 3D hierarchical porous architecture with well‐dispersed Co NPs of an electro‐catalyst provides valuable insights based on structure‐adsorption‐catalysis engineering for advanced RT Na–S batteries.
Fast Lithium Ionic Conductivity in Complex Hydride‐Sulfide Electrolytes by Double Anions Substitution
Authors: Zhang Tengfei , Shao Yifei , Zhang Xiang , Huang Yuqin , Wang Shuai , Zhou Wei , Li Peng , Xia Guanglin , Yu Xuebin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHydride‐based solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) can maintain their stability against Li metal and exhibit high compatibility with a Li metal anode owing to their reducing property and flexible character. However, poor ionic conductivity at room temperature is a major challenge for hydride materials used as SSEs in a lithium ion battery. In this work, a room‐temperature fast lithium‐ion conductor is explored in response to double anion substitution, (100‐x)(3LiBH4‐LiI)‐xP2S5 (LLPx, 0 ≤ x ≤ 50). Among these samples, LLP20 respectively delivers an ionic conductivity up to 3.77 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 30 °C and 1.0 × 10−2 S cm−1 at 100 °C, with a stable electrochemical window of 0–5 V. A Li plating/stripping test has been conducted under a current density of 1.0 mA cm−2, which exhibits an excellent stability even after 1000 h. Moreover, the all solid‐state cell exhibits a remarkable electrochemical performance in a wide temperature range including high reversible capacity, good rate capability, and long cycling durability. These outstanding performances present a practical strategy for developing ambient‐temperature, fast ionic conductors for all solid‐state batteries in near future.
Genotyping of Brucella strains isolated from humans and cattle of different geographical regions of Pakistan using MLVA‐15
Authors: Akhtar Raheela , Ali Muhammad Muddassir , Ullah Asad , Muttalib Abdul , Mehboob Kashan , Ullah Arif , Ahmad Nasim , Chohan Tahir Zahoor 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrevalence of brucellosis and MLVA genotyping in animals and humans, isolated from different regions of Pakistan was performed. Animals having history of brucellosis from the field and local farms of Bannu, Mardan, Peshawar, Swat, Lahore and Islamabad were selected for blood collection. Humans that work with them were also selected for sampling in this study. Total of 600 samples were taken from cattle and humans and subjected to Rose Bengal plate Test (RBPT) for the initial screening of positive samples. Designed primers of B.abortus for cattle and B.melitensis for humans were utilised to perform PCR. Culturing and isolation was carried to further to perform MLVA genotyping assay through the selection of two panels of primer markers.ResultsRBPT showed more number of cases of brucellosis in animals and humans compared to the PCR findings. Genotyping findings based upon MLVA‐15 set of markers demonstrated that the isolated strains of B.abortus fall in the same clade with strain A1, P8 and A2 from Pakistan and also similar with BCCN#02‐45 strain from India. On the other hand, B.melitensis isolated from different districts of Pakistan shared the same clade with BwIM‐AFG 63, BwIM‐AFG 44 strains from Afghanistan and BwIM IRN 37 strain from Iran. Selected VNTR alleles were sequenced for calibration purposes.ConclusionIt is concluded that Brucella is prevalent in animals and humans in studied districts of Pakistan. Moreover, A1, P8, BwIM‐AFG 63, BwIM‐AFG 44 and A2 were found the common genotypes in Pakistan.
A case of canineSalmonella spp. osteomyelitis with secondary fracture following dog bite
Authors: Williams Elroy , Towle Heather Ann Marie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn immature canine was attacked by another dog in a kennel facility and sustained multiple wounds to the lateral right forelimb and cranial right lateral thoracic region. General surgical and antimicrobial therapies were instituted immediately. The patient battled with recurrent infections and subsequent delayed healing. After approximately 35 days from the initial injury, the patient became acutely lame and febrile. The persistently open wounds were cultured and returned positive forSalmonella spp. Within the following days, the patient became painful, and the lameness progressed significantly. Radiographs confirmed pathologic humeral fracture, and the patient was referred for specialty evaluation. Zoonotic preventative protocols were adopted at the specialty facility upon arrival. Complete forequarter limb amputation was curative in this patient.
Foot lesion in a male Boer goat associated with caprine digital dermatitis
Authors: Mostafa Mohamed Barakat , Koma Lee Martin , Galiwango Badr Mohamed 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA case of interdigital hyperplasia and digital dermatitis on the dorsal aspect of the right hind digit in an adult male Boer goat was described. The digital dermatitis was complicated by granular ulceration of the skin on the dorsal aspect of the foot. Histologically, the lesion was characterised by the presence of numerous papillae‐like growths in the epidermis. Some papillae had mononuclear inflammatory cells. A number of papillae‐like growths hardly had any cells in the core; however, a few plasma cells and lymphocytes were present. The goat was moderately lame on the affected limb. The lesion was excised surgically and healed without any complication. Surgical excision proved to be uneventful healing.
Lyapunov instability of the stationary flows of polymeric fluid with constant flow rate
Authors: Blokhin Alexander M. , Tkachev Dmitry L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe study a rheological Pokrovski‐Vinogradov model for the flows of solutions and melts of incompressible viscoelastic polymeric medium in case of a flow in an infinite plane channel with perforated walls. We prove the linear Lyapunov instability of the base solution with the constant flow rate in a perturbation class, periodic with respect to the variable, changing along the channel wall.
Double copy structure of parity-violating CFT correlators
Authors: Jain Sachin , John Renjan Rajan , Mehta Abhishek , Nizami Amin A. , Suresh Adithya 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We show that general parity-violating 3d conformal field theories show a double copy structure for momentum space 3-point functions of conserved currents, stress tensor and marginal scalar operators. Splitting up the CFT correlator into two parts — called homogeneous and non-homogeneous — we show that double copy relations exist for each part separately. We arrive at similar conclusions regarding double copy structures using tree-level correlators of massless fields in dS4. We also discuss the flat space limit of these correlators. We further extend the double copy analysis to correlators involving higher-spin conserved currents, which suggests that the spin-s current correlator can be thought of as s copies of the spin one current correlator.
Automatic enhancement in 6D supergravity and F-theory models
Authors: Raghuram Nikhil , Taylor Washington , Turner Andrew P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We observe that in many F-theory models, tuning a specific gauge group G and matter content M under certain circumstances leads to an automatic enhancement to a larger gauge group G′ ⊃ G and matter content M′ ⊃ M. We propose that this is true for any theory G, M whenever there exists a containing theory G′, M′ that cannot be Higgsed down to G, M. We give a number of examples including non-Higgsable gauge factors, nonabelian gauge factors, abelian gauge factors, and exotic matter. In each of these cases, tuning an F-theory model with the desired features produces either an enhancement or an inconsistency, often when the associated anomaly coefficient becomes too large. This principle applies to a variety of models in the apparent 6D supergravity swampland, including some of the simplest cases with U(1) and SU(N) gauge groups and generic matter, as well as infinite families of U(1) models with higher charges presented in the prior literature, potentially ruling out all these apparent swampland theories.
Celestial fields on the string and the Schwarzian action
Authors: Vegh David 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper describes the motion of a classical Nambu-Goto string in three-dimensional anti-de Sitter spacetime in terms of two ‘celestial’ fields on the worldsheet. The fields correspond to retarded and advanced boundary times at which null rays emanating from the string reach the boundary. The formalism allows for a simple derivation of the Schwarzian action for near-AdS2 embeddings.
Islands and stretched horizon
Authors: Matsuo Yoshinori 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Recently it was proposed that the entanglement entropy of the Hawking radiation contains the information of a region including the interior of the event horizon, which is called “island.” In studies of the entanglement entropy of the Hawking radiation, the total system in the black hole geometry is separated into the Hawking radiation and black hole. In this paper, we study the entanglement entropy of the black hole in the asymptotically flat Schwarzschild spacetime. Consistency with the island rule for the Hawking radiation implies that the information of the black hole is located in a different region than the island. We found an instability of the island in the calculation of the entanglement entropy of the region outside a surface near the horizon. This implies that the region contains all the information of the total system and the information of the black hole is localized on the surface. Thus the surface would be interpreted as the stretched horizon. This structure also resembles black holes in the AdS spacetime with an auxiliary flat spacetime, where the information of the black hole is localized at the interface between the AdS spacetime and the flat spacetime.
Quantum gravity states, entanglement graphs and second-quantized tensor networks
Authors: Colafranceschi Eugenia , Oriti Daniele 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In recent years, the import of quantum information techniques in quantum gravity opened new perspectives in the study of the microscopic structure of spacetime. We contribute to such a program by establishing a precise correspondence between the quantum information formalism of tensor networks (TN), in the case of projected entangled-pair states (PEPS) generalised to a second-quantized framework, and group field theory (GFT) states, and by showing how, in this quantum gravity approach, discrete spatial manifolds arise as entanglement patterns among quanta of space, having a dual representation in terms of graphs and simplicial complexes. We devote special attention to the implementation and consequences of the label independence of the graphs/networks, corresponding to the indistinguishability of the space quanta and representing a discrete counterpart of the diffeomorphism invariance of a consistent quantum gravity formalism. We also outline a relational setting to recover distinguishability of graph/network vertices at an effective and physical level, in a partial semi-classical limit of the theory.