bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“We Are Not Stray Leaves Blowing About In The Wind”: Summing Up The Impact of Family Wellbeing Empowerment Research, 1998-2021
Authors: Perera Nirukshi , Tsey Komla , Heyeres Marion , Whiteside Mary , Baird Leslie , McCalman Janya , Cadet-James Yvonne , Calabria Bianca , Hamilton Michael , Yan Li , Zuchowski Ines , Sims Kearrin , Udah Hyacinth 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: An Aboriginal-developed empowerment and social and emotional wellbeing program, known as Family Wellbeing (FWB), has been found to strengthen the protective factors that help Indigenous Australians to deal with the devastating legacy of colonisation and intergenerational trauma. This article reviews the research that has accompanied the implementation of FWB over a 23 year period to assess the long-term impact of FWB research and the strengths and limitations of the impact data. This will inform more comprehensive monitoring of research impact.Methods: The study took a theory of change approach, following the steps of a research program logic, to assess impact. A mixed methods evaluation of publicly available research outputs was conducted. We analysed FWB participation data and research funding using descriptive statistics. We conducted systematic scoping reviews of: 1) nine evaluative studies to show reported social and emotional wellbeing benefits of FWB; and 2) seven FWB research translation-related resources to show impact of research outputs on further reach and uptake. Results: The investment of $2.3 million in research-related activities over 23 years resulted in a range of research outputs that evidenced social and emotional wellbeing benefits arising from participation in FWB. This evidence, in part, facilitated more demand for FWB. Overall the FWB program, and accompanying research, had a direct positive impact on the social and emotional wellbeing of approximately 7,500 participants.Conclusions: The study raised a range of issues relevant to demonstrating research impact in the context of Indigenous health research including the value of a logic model that is informed by Indigenous research principles; the need to take a longer-term incremental approach to building evidence when dealing with complex or messy social health interventions; and the importance of collecting evidence, especially from the point of view of end users, about the extent to which research influenced their decisions and actions regarding the program. This lesson, and the impact logic, highlight that researchers need to create appropriate databases from the beginning and collect data well beyond the life of the project, even though we acknowledge that such endeavours are rarely funded.
Phragmites Australis Invasion and Herbicide Treatment Changes Freshwater Wetland Carbon Dynamics
Authors: Yuckin Sarah Jennifer , Howell Graham , Robichaud Courtney Dawn , Rooney Rebecca Campbell 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Wetland carbon budgets largely depend on the wetland communities’ relative rate of carbon assimilation and carbon emission. Invasive plants with growth or decomposition patterns that differ from reference plant communities may shift wetland carbon budgets, as may invasive plant suppression efforts. For example, Phragmites australis (European Common Reed), which replaces meadow and cattail marsh in the Laurentian Great Lakes area, has high biomass production and foliar nitrogen, can modify the environment conditions that effect decomposition rates, creates thick stands of slowly decomposing standing dead stems, and is often controlled using broad-spectrum herbicides. Our objectives were to determine if P. australis control efforts in freshwater coastal marshes were sufficient to return net primary productivity, decomposition rates, and environmental conditions to within their pre-invasion range. We find that P. australis invasion had the greatest effect on carbon sequestration when replacing meadow marsh, as opposed to cattail marsh. We conclude that control efforts, one-year post-treatment, dramatically reduce total biomass and carbon assimilation compared to meadow and cattail marsh. However, floating and submersed aquatic vegetation rapidly colonized treated areas, suggesting that continuing plant community recovery may restore the carbon budget in subsequent years.
Reconstruction of Long Segmental Tibial Bone Defect Using the Bone Transport Compared to Acute Shortening and Re-lengthening : A Retrospective Study
Authors: Cai Feiyu , Liu Yanshi , Liu Kai , Fan Chenchen , Maimaiti Xiayimaierdan , Yusufu Aihemaitijiang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Ilizarov technique has been widely used to salvage bone defects. However, treating large bone defects remains a challenge for surgeons. The aim of this study was to compare bone transport with acute shortening/re-lengthening in a series of large tibial segmental defects.Method: A total of 39 patients (29 males, 10 females) with large tibial segmental defects were treated with the Ilizarov technique (Group A: bone transport in 23 cases; Group B: acute shortening/re-lengthening 16 in cases) from March 2010 to December 2018. The mean age was 38.7 years (range24 years to 55 years). The average bone defect size was 8.82 cm (range from 6 cm to 12 cm). The demographic data, operation duration, docking time, external fixation time, and external fixation index were retrospectively documented and analyzed. Complications that occur during the treatment were classified. The clinical outcomes were evaluated by the Association for the Study and Application of the Method of Ilizarov criteria (ASAMI) at the last clinical visit.Result: There were no statistically significant differences (P>0.05) in the demographic data of the two groups. There was no significant difference in operation duration between the two groups. The docking time in group A was longer than that in group B (93.26±19.52 days, 58.44±14.23 days, P<0.001). No statistical significance was obversed for the external fixation time in the two groups (330.87±88.52 days in group A, 321.25±56.67 days in group B,P=0.704). A higher external fixation index was presented in group A (38.32±5.39 days/cm) than group B (35.17±2.14 days/cm) (P=0.033). There was no significant difference between the two groups in ASAMI bone results and functional results (Table 4). Complications were more prevalent in group A (28 complications of 23 patients), while less in group B (7 complications of 16 patients) (P<0.05).Conclusion: Both bone transport and acute shortening/re-lengthening technique can achieve satisfactory clinical outcomes in the reconstruction of long segmental tibial bone defect caused by infection using a monolateral rail external fixator. The acute shortening/re-lengthening can significantly decrease the docking time, external fixation index, and complications compared with bone transport.
Assessing The Biodegradation of Vulcanised Rubber Particles by Fungi Using Genetic, Molecular and Surface Analysis
Authors: Andler Rodrigo , D’Afonseca Vivian , Pino Javiera , Valdés Cristian , Salazar-Viedma Marcela 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Millions of tonnes of tyre waste are discarded annually and are considered one of the most difficult solid wastes to recycle. A sustainable alternative for the treatment of vulcanised rubber is the use of microorganisms that can biotransform polymers and aromatic compounds and then assimilate and mineralise some of the degradation products. However, vulcanised rubber materials present great resistance to biodegradation due to the presence of highly hydrophobic cross-linked structures that are provided by the additives they contain and the vulcanisation process itself. In this work, the biodegradation capabilities of 10 fungal strains cultivated in PDA and EM solid medium were studied over a period of 4 weeks. The growth of the strains, the mass loss of the vulcanised rubber particles and the surface structure were analysed after the incubation period. With the white rot fungi Trametes versicolor and Pleurotus ostreatus, biodegradation percentages of 7.5 and 6.1%, respectively, were achieved. The FTIR and SEM-EDS analyses confirmed a modification of the abundance of functional groups and elements arranged on the rubber surface, such as C, O, S, Si and Zn, due to the biological treatment employed. The availability of genomic sequences of P. ostreatus and T. versicolor in public repositories allowed the analysis of the genetic content, genomic characteristics and specific components of both fungal species, determining some similarities between both species and their relationship with rubber biodegradation. Both fungi presented a higher number of sequences for laccases and manganese peroxidases, two extracellular enzymes responsible for many of the oxidative reactions reported in the literature. The integrative analysis of the results, supported by genetic and bioinformatics tools, allowed a deeper analysis of the biodegradation processes of vulcanised rubber. It is expected that this type of analysis can be used to find more efficient biotechnological solutions in the future.
Parasitism of Trichogramma Pretiosum in Eggs of Corcyra Cephalonica on the Age of the Parasitoid and the Density of the Host
Authors: Monteiro Gabriel , Jorge Sofía , Lemes Amanda Fernandes , Santos Nathália dos , Ramalho Dagmara , de Bortoli Sergio 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Several biological control programs use Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). The parasitism capacity and the functional response of T. pretiosum parasitizing eggs of Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were studied. To determine the parasitism capacity, females of the parasitoid were individualized, being offered to each female eggs from the host. Daily observations determined the number of parasitized eggs per female, accumulated percentage of parasitism, female longevity and percentage of parasitoid emergence. To establish the functional response, T. pretiosum females were individualized and offered C. cephalonica eggs. Number of parasitized eggs and percentage of adults’ emergence were evaluated, being calculated handling time (Th) and attack rate (a). On the first day of the parasitoid’s life there was parasitism in more than 80% of the host eggs, similar to the percentage of adult emergence throughout the life cycle, and the daily percentage of parasitism. The percentages of eggs of C. cephalonica parasitized were statistically different, with the quadratic model better describing the parasitoid-host relationship, with a positive value of 0.00594, since with the increase in the availability of eggs of C. cephalonica, parasitism was increased. The attack rate was approximately 0.00158, while the handling time of the host eggs was 0.6884 h.
Eye Movement Characteristics in Deficit and Non-deficit Schizophrenia and Their Relationships With Psychiatric Symptoms and Cognitive Function
Authors: Zhang Lin , Zhang Xiangrong , Fang Xinyu , Zhou Chao , Wen Lu , Pan Xinming , Zhang Fuquan , Chen Jiu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe cognitive impairment pattern of deficit schizophrenia (DS) is centered on an impaired attention function. Previous studies have suggested that the exploratory eye movement (EEM) tests reflect attention deficits in patients with schizophrenia. However, no study has investigated the characteristics of eye movement in DS in the Chinese Han population. This study aimed to investigate the pattern of eye movement characteristics in DS patients and analyze its clinical correlation.MethodsA total of 86 male patients (37 DS and 49 NDS) and 80 healthy controls (HC) participated in this study. Clinical symptoms were assessed using the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) and Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). Cognitive function was assessed using the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS-2). Eye movement data of subjects were collected using an eye movement tracking analyzer. ResultsThere were significant differences in the overall eye movement data and cognitive test scores among the three groups (all P<0.001). Both DS and NDS schizophrenia subgroups showed more severe eye movement and cognitive impairment compared with the control group. The number of eye fixations (NEF), total of eye scanning length (TESL), and cognitive function in DS patients were significantly lower than those in NDS patients. The discriminant analysis (D score) was higher than that of the control group (P<0.001). In the DS group, the inattention factor of SANS was negatively correlated with the attention factor (r=-0.545, P=0.001), and structure factor of cognitive (r=-0.389, P=0.023), the affective flattening factor of SANS was negatively correlated with TESL (r=-0.353, P=0.041) and initiation/retention factor of cognitive (r=-0.376,P=0.028). TESL was found to positively correlate with the MDRS-2 total score (r=0.427, P=0.012), attention factor (r=0.354, P=0.040), and memory factor (r=0.349, P=0.043) in the DS group, whereas the mean of eye scanning length (MESL) positively correlated with cognitive impairments in the NDS group. The negative symptoms showed no significant correlation with cognition in the NDS group. ConclusionsTotal of eye scanning length may be a characteristic eye movement symptom in DS patients, which is associated with serious negative symptoms and cognitive impairment in this schizophrenia subtype.
Tunable Spin Wave Nonreciprocity in a Magnetic System With Two Rectangular Blocks
Authors: Seo Dongpyo , Hwang S. , Kim Byeongro , Yang Yeonhee , Yoon Seungha , Cho B. K. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Nonreciprocity and propagation of spin waves are key properties to develop spin-based electronics, such as magnetic memory, spin information and logic devices. To date, a nonreciprocity ratio cannot be manipulated in a system, while large values are achieved because of the geometrical magnetic configuration. In this study, we suggest a new magnetic system with two blocks, in which the nonreciprocity ratio can be changed between 0.276 and 1.43 by adjusting the excitation frequency between 7.8 GHz and 9.4 GHz. Because the two blocks have different widths, they have their own spin wave excitation frequency ranges. Indeed, the spin wave intensities in the two blocks, detected by the Brillouin light scattering spectrum, were observed to be frequency-dependent, yielding tunable nonreciprocity. Thus, this study provides a new path to enhance the application of spin waves in spin-based electronics.
Artificial Flexible Sperm-like Nanorobot Based on Self-assembly and Its Magnetically Actuated Propulsion Property
Authors: Celi Nuoer , Gong De , Cai Jun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Sperm cells can move at a high speed in biofluids based on the flexible flagella, which inspire novel flagellar micro-/nanorobots to be designed. However, mass fabrication of vivid sperm-like nanorobots with flagellar flexibility is still challenging. In this work, a facile and efficient strategy is proposed to produce flexible sperm-like nanorobots with self-assembled head-to-tail structure. The nanorobots were composed of a superparamagnetic head and a flexible Au/PPy flagellum, which were covalently linked via biotin-streptavidin bonding. Under a precessing magnetic field, the head drove the flexible tail to rotate and generated undulatory bending waves propagating along the body. Bidirectional locomotion of the nanorobot was investigated, and moving velocity as well as direction varied with the actuating conditions (field strength, frequency, direction) and the nanorobot’s structure (tail length). Effective flagellar locomotion was observed near the substrate and high velocities were attained in both forward and backward directions. Typical modelling based on elastohydrodynamics and undulatory wave propagation were utilized for propulsion analysis. This research presents novel artificial flexible sperm-like nanorobots with delicate self-assembled head-to-tail structures and remarkable bidirectional locomotion performances, indicating significant potentials for nanorobotic design and future biomedical application.
Chemical, Electrochemical And Surface Studies of New Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOF) As Corrosion Inhibitors For Carbon Steel In Sulfuric Acid Environment
Authors: Fouda Abd El-Aziz S. , Etaiw Safaa Eldin H. , Hassan Gannat S. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The effects of [Co2(SCN)4(hmt)2(H2O)6. H2O] (SC1) and [Co (CN)6(Me3Sn)3(H2O). (qox)] (SCP2) MOF as corrosion inhibitors on C-steel in 0.5 M sulfuric acid solutions are illustrated utilizing mass reduction (MR), electrochemical [potentiodynamic polarization (PP), and AC electrochemical impedance (EIS)]. The experiments revealed that as the dose of these compounds rose, the inhibition efficacy (IE percent) of C-steel corrosion improved, reaching 80.7- 93.1 percent at dose 25x10-6 M for SC1 and SCP2, respectively. IE percent, on the other hand, dropped as the temperature range grew. Both SC1 and SCP2 were adsorbed physically on the surface of C-steel and conformed to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation. The PP studies revealed that these compounds act as mixed kind inhibitors. To establish the morphology of the inhibited C-steel surface, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy transmitted X-ray (EDX), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies were used. All tested experiments were in good agreement.
TgAb’s Change Trend and Degree of Decline Has Good Prognostic Value for Preoperative TgAb-Positive DTC Patients: A Retrospective Study in Southwest China
Authors: Li Guixing , Liu Qianhui , Mengting Yin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
PurposeAntithyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) is a potential tumor marker for the detection of recurrence of DTC, but there are not sufficient data supporting its application in clinical work. Our study aimed at describing change trend of TgAb after surgery and finding the relationship between this trend and clinical outcome of DTC.MethodsWe reviewed clinical data of 583 patients initially diagnosed with thyroid malignancy and underwent total thyroidectomy (TTx) in our hospital in 2016. Finally, 21 preoperative TgAb-positive DTC patients with persistent disease were included in Group A, and 37 preoperative TgAb-positive DTC patients survived without disease were included in Group B. Various clinical indicators and TgAbs at different timepoints were compared between two groups.ResultsIn all 538 patients, 21.27% had preoperative TgAb positive (>115IU/mL), of which 16.94% survived with disease persistence/recurrence. Tumor, lymph node classification, and preoperative TgAb were significantly higher in Group A than B (P<0.05). TgAb of 23.81% patients in Group A became negative, and 89.19% in B. Compared with Group B, change trend of TgAb of Group A was more inclined stable or rising after surgery. Of patients with descending TgAb in Group A, their declines at first follow-up (40.75% vs 79.77%), the first year (76.67% vs 88.01%), the second year (80.00% vs 91.72%) after surgery were significantly lower than Group B (P<0.05). And the best cut-off values of three declines of TgAb for predicting clinical outcome were 43.32%, 72.81% and 84.36% respectively. Patients’ clinical outcome was significantly associated with tumor classification T1a (OR=145.661, 95%CI: 2.462-8619.550) and TgAb decline at first follow-up (OR=158.858, 95%CI: 7.440-3392.024).ConclusionsFor preoperative TgAb-positive DTC patients, stable or rising trend of TgAb after surgery or TgAb decline less than 43.43% before the RRA or 6 months after surgery may predict disease persistence/recurrence.
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Summer Salinity Fronts in the Greenland Sea
Authors: Wang Jianhui , Liu Yu , Han Guoqing , Lin Xiayan , Yang Guijing 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Using daily average data from the global ocean eddy resolution reanalysis product (GLORYS12V1) from 1993 to 2018, sea surface salinity horizontal gradient is calculated to obtain the spatio-temporal distribution and the intensity characteristics of the salinity front in the Greenland Sea. Combined with the sea ice concentration data, the salinity front and sea ice relationship is also studied. There is a significant spatial relationship between the main position of the salinity front and the ice edge before the sea ice shrinks toward the continental shelf. In the climatological seasonal variation, the intensity of the salinity front beyond the continental shelf reaches its strongest (~0.22 psu/km) in July. The front area beyond the continental shelf reaches its peak value (~7.80×104 km2) in August. The interannual variation of sea ice extent averaged from July to August has a downward trend of 5.83×103 km2/year. Under the background of rapid change in sea ice, the intensity and area of the salinity front beyond the continental shelf are reducing at about 1.7×10-3 psu/km and 142 km2 /year, respectively.
Winter Wheat Yield Prediction Using Convolutional Neural Networks from Environmental and Phenological Data
Authors: Srivast Amit Kumar , Safaei Nima , Khaki Saeed , Lopez Gina , Zeng Wenzhi , Ewert Frank , Gaiser Thomas , Rahimi Jaber 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Crop yield forecasting depends on many interactive factors including crop genotype, weather, soil, and management practices. This study analyzes the performance of machine learning and deep learning methods for winter wheat yield prediction using extensive datasets of weather, soil, and crop phenology. We propose a convolutional neural network (CNN) which uses the 1-dimentional convolution operation to capture the time dependencies of environmental variables. The proposed CNN, evaluated along with other machine learning models for winter wheat yield prediction in Germany, outperformed all other models tested. To address the seasonality, weekly features were used that explicitly take soil moisture and meteorological events into account. Our results indicated that nonlinear models such as deep learning models and XGboost are more effective in finding the functional relationship between the crop yield and input data compared to linear models and deep neural networks had a higher prediction accuracy than XGboost. One of the main limitations of machine learning models is their black box property. Therefore, we moved beyond prediction and performed feature selection, as it provides key results towards explaining yield prediction (variable importance by time). As such, our study indicates which variables have the most significant effect on winter wheat yield.
Deciphering the Palaeocene–Eocene thermal maximum by Granger causality test
Authors: Liu Zeyang , Ji Xiehua , Luo Wenyan , Hu Yujie , Liu Haoran 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The Palaeocene–Eocene thermal maximum is a global warming period (~ 56 Ma), which is marked by a sharp negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE) that caused by the injection of massive isotopically-light carbon into the ocean-atmosphere. It is often considered that the carbon injection caused global warming. However, several studies have suggested that warming and environmental perturbations precede the onset of the CIE. Here we present Granger test to investigate the detailed mechanisms of this event. We show a shift from climate-warming driving carbon-emission scenario to a scheme in which carbon-injection causing global-warming during the CIE. The initial carbon emission might be from methane hydrates dissociation and/or permafrost thawing, possibly linked with astronomical paced warming. This change of causal direction may result from the warming feedback of the emitted carbon and additional carbon from other sources, such as volcanism, bolide impact, oxidation of marine organic matter, and wildfires burning peatlands.