bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preterm Birth Frequency and Associated Outcomes From the MATISSE (Maternal Immunization Study for Safety and Efficacy) Maternal Trial of the Bivalent Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F Protein Vaccine
Authors: Madhi Shabir A. , Kampmann Beate , Simões Eric A.F. , Zachariah Philip , Pahud Barbara A. , Radley David , Sarwar Uzma N. , Shittu Emma , Llapur Conrado , Pérez Marc Gonzalo , Maldonado Yvonne , Kachikis Alisa , Zar Heather J. , Swanson Kena A. , Lino Maria Maddalena , Anderson Annaliesa S. , Gurtman Alejandra , Munjal Iona 
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVE:
To describe preterm birth frequency and newborn and infant outcomes overall and among preterm children in the MATISSE (Maternal Immunization Study for Safety and Efficacy) trial of maternal vaccination with bivalent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prefusion F protein–based vaccine (RSVpreF) to protect infants against severe RSV-associated illness.

METHODS:
MATISSE was a global, phase 3, randomized, double-blind trial. Pregnant individuals received single injections of RSVpreF or placebo. Adverse events of special interest, including preterm birth (gestational age less than 37 weeks) and low birth weight (2,500 g or less), were collected through 6 months after delivery (pregnant participants) and from birth through age 12 or 24 months (pediatric participants).

RESULTS:
Overall, 7,386 pregnant participants received RSVpreF (n=3,698) or placebo (n=3,688); 7,305 newborns and infants were included in the analysis. Most children in both groups were born full term (more than 93%) with normal birth weight (95% or higher). Newborn and infant outcomes, including rates of low birth weight and neonatal hospitalization, were favorable and comparable between groups. Preterm birth rates were 5.7% in the RSVpreF arm and 4.7% in the placebo arm (relative risk [RR] 1.20, 95% CI, 0.98–1.46); most were late preterm. Newborn and infant outcomes, including rates of low birth weight and neonatal hospitalization, were comparable between groups. Twenty-two newborn or infant deaths occurred during the study (RSVpreF n=8, placebo n=14). When stratified by income region, preterm birth rates in RSVpreF and placebo recipients were both 5.0% in high-income countries. Rates in non–high-income countries were 7.0% and 4.0% in the RSVpreF and placebo groups, respectively, and 8.3% and 4.0% in South Africa (RR 2.06, 95% CI, 1.21–3.51).

CONCLUSION:
In this study of maternal RSVpreF vaccination, no clinically significant increase in adverse events of special interest, including preterm birth, low birth weight, or neonatal hospitalization, was observed among pregnant people in the overall analysis. In subgroup analysis of non–high-income countries, an elevated risk of preterm birth was observed. More research is needed to better ascertain preterm delivery risk factors, particularly aimed at minimizing disparities among geographic regions.

FUNDING SOURCE:
This study was sponsored by Pfizer.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04424316.
Weight and Procedural Abortion Complications: A Systematic Review
Authors: McMahon Hayley V. , Moss Regan A. , Pearce Naya , Sehgal Sakshi , He Zeling , Kriete Monica , Lucier-Julian Zoë , Redd Sara K. , Rice Whitney S. 
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVE:
To systematically assess the existing empiric evidence regarding a potential relationship between higher body weight and procedural abortion complications.

DATA SOURCES:
EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Clinicaltrials.gov were searched.

METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION:
Our search identified 409 studies, which were uploaded to Covidence for review management; 133 duplicates were automatically removed. A team of two reviewers screened 276 studies, and a third reviewer resolved conflicts. Studies were included if they 1) consisted of peer-reviewed research published between 2010 and 2022, 2) were conducted in the United States, 3) included people with a higher body weight (body mass index [BMI] 30 or higher) in the study sample, and 4) assessed at least one outcome of procedural abortion safety stratified by a measure of body weight.

TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS:
We extracted study data using Covidence and calculated an odds ratio for each study to facilitate the synthesis of results. Six studies assessing a total of 38,960 participants were included. No studies found a significant relationship between procedural abortion complications and higher body weight overall. Subgroup analysis from one study identified a significant increase in complications specifically among participants with BMIs higher than 40 who had second-trimester abortions. All studies used a retrospective cohort design and fulfilled Newcastle–Ottawa Scale criteria to be considered good quality. Studies varied in terms of clinical settings, patient populations, gestations assessed, clinician training levels, and care protocols.

CONCLUSION:
Overall, higher body weight was not associated with an increased risk of procedural abortion complications in the included studies. The practice of referring patients undergoing procedural abortion with a higher body weight for hospital-based care is not based on recent safety evidence. On the contrary, this practice threatens the health of people with a higher body weight by potentially delaying their access to abortion care, extending their pregnancies into later gestations, and blocking their ability to access an abortion altogether.
TEMPOUR: A Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing Perioperative Use of An Alpha-1-Blocker to Reduce Postoperative Urinary Retention Following Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery Procedures
Authors: Couture Thomas , Morin Claudya , Charbonneau Janyssa , Papillon-Dion Émilie , Bouchard Alexandre , Rouleau-Fournier François , Bouchard Philippe , Letarte François , Turgeon Alexis F. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
Transanal endoscopic microsurgery is a treatment option for a wide range of rectal lesions. Postoperative urinary retention is a frequently associated complication. Some studies have suggested that the use of alpha-1-blockers may reduce the risk of postoperative urinary retention after hernia and colorectal surgery, but evidence is lacking.

OBJECTIVE:
This trial aims to evaluate if prophylactic use of an alpha-1-blocker reduces the rate of postoperative urinary retention following transanal endoscopic microsurgery.

DESIGN:
Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

SETTINGS:
Single high-volume Canadian colorectal center.

PATIENTS:
Adult male patients awaiting transanal endoscopic microsurgery and not on alpha-1-blocker were included.

INTERVENTION:
Patients were allocated to either Tamsulosin or placebo from 5 days prior to surgery to 2 days postoperatively.

MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES:
The primary outcome was the incidence of post-operative urinary retention. Secondary outcomes were urinary retention-related hospitalization, time to removal of bladder catheter and International Prostate Symptom Score, before and after treatment, and adverse events.

RESULTS:
158 patients were randomized between October 2017 and July 2022. There was no significant difference in postoperative urinary retention between groups (23% vs 14%; p = 0.16) respectively in the tamsolusin and placebo groups. Time to removal of bladder catheter was not statistically different between groups (4.8 vs 8.6 days, p = 0.26). No failure of same-day discharge, nor readmissions related to urinary retention occurred. International Prostate Symptom Scores were not significantly different at the time of surgery (3.8 vs 5.4; p = 0.11) and reported adverse events did not differ between groups.

LIMITATIONS:
We cannot exclude a potential type II error.

CONCLUSION:
Prophylactic use of an alpha-1-blocker for patients undergoing transanal endoscopic microsurgery was not associated with a reduction in post-operative urinary retention. See Video Abstract.

TRIAL REGISTRATION:
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03314025.
ESAIC focused guidelines for the management of the failing epidural during labour epidural analgesia
Authors: Brogly Nicolas , Valbuena Gómez Isabel , Afshari Arash , Ekelund Kim , Kranke Peter , Weiniger Carolyn F. , Lucas Nuala , Dewandre Pierre-Yves , Guasch Arevalo Emilia , Ioscovich Alexander , Kollmann Andrea , Lindelof Kim , Orbach-Zinger Sharon , Reis Stephanie , van den Bosch Oscar , Van de Velde Marc , Romero Carolina S. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND
Labour epidural analgesia reportedly fails in up to 10 to 25% of cases. A joint taskforce of European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care (ESAIC) experts was created to develop this focused guideline on the management of failing epidural analgesia in a previously well functioning epidural catheter.

DESIGN
Six clinical questions were defined using a PICO (Population/Intervention/Comparison/Outcome) strategy to conduct a systematic literature search. The questions pertained to clinical management of failing epidural (PICOs 1, 2 and 3), human resource and team training (PICOs 4 and 5) and clinical management of a failing epidural for intrapartum caesarean delivery (PICO 6). The taskforce produced recommendations and clinical practice statements (CPS) and validated them through a Delphi process. The final version of the guideline was submitted to all ESAIC members for critical review and approved by the Guidelines Committee and the ESAIC Board of Directors.

RESULTS
In the initial search, 3737 titles were identified, 93 were retained for complete article analysis and 56 were finally allocated to the PICOs. The full-text analysis of the selected articles precluded extraction of significant data for all PICOs except for PICO 6, for which six articles were identified. Based on the experience, knowledge and opinion of the experts, the task force proposed and validated two recommendations and 11 CPSs.

CONCLUSION
This guideline complemented other recently published expert opinion papers. We hope that this new guidance will serve clinicians to increase parturient safety and quality of care during labour and delivery, while at the same time provide inspiration for further research to fill the current knowledge gaps.
Examining the Recovery Course of Adolescent Concussion Patients With Protracted Recovery Referred to a Specialty Concussion Clinic
Authors: Mathew Abel S. , Datoc Alison E. , Price August M. , Abt John P. 
Published: January 2025

Objective:
This study investigated the role of specialty concussion care on the clinical course of recovery in adolescent patients who initiated care beyond 3 weeks from their injury.

Design:
Retrospective analysis of protracted recovery groups was based on the number of days in which a patient presented for care postinjury: early (22-35 days), middle (36-49 days), and late (50+ days).

Setting:
Sports medicine and orthopedics clinic.

Patients:
101 patients aged 12 to 18 years.

Independent variables:
Age, race/ethnicity, sex, concussion or migraine history, neurodevelopmental or psychiatric diagnosis, King-Devick, Trails Making, Vestibular Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS), and Postconcussion Symptom Scale (PCSS).

Main Outcome Measures:
Days since injury to evaluation, recovery days from evaluation, and total recovery days.

Results:
There were no significant differences between groups for PCSS, average K-D scores, and Trails B-A. Vestibular Ocular Motor Screening change score was significantly different between groups such that the late group had less change in VOMS score compared with the early group (F = 3.81, P = 0.03). There were significant differences between groups in terms of days since injury to evaluation (F = 399.74, P < 0.001) and total recovery days (F = 19.06, <0.001). The middle (25.83 ± 34.95) and late group (30.42 ± 33.54) took approximately 1 week and 12 days longer to recover compared with the early group, respectively. Recovery days from evaluation were not significantly different between the 3 groups (F = 1.30; P = 0.28).

Conclusions:
Protracted recovery patients evaluated in a specialty concussion clinic received medical clearance to complete the return-to-play process with an athletic trainer within 1 month from the initial visit. The findings are consistent with previous research suggesting that earlier concussion care can expedite recovery.
Overlooked and underserved: how healthcare fails men in the pursuit of equity
Authors: Schulz Robert J. , Ofner Heidemarie , Nyirády Péter , Rajwa Pawel , Weiss Julia , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Fazekas Tamás 
Published: January 2025

Purpose of review
Men face distinctive health-related challenges as a result of biological, behavioral, and sociocultural factors. In addition, the modern healthcare system does not offer men equal opportunities and options to ensure sex-specific access and delivery to health services. Men's health concerns are, indeed, often not addressed or even forgotten. In this review, we wanted to assess the impact of biology and sociocultural effects on sex-specific life-expectancy.

Recent findings
Globally, men have a shorter life expectancy than women. With a 5.8 years gender gap in the USA and 5.4 in the EU-27 (both in 2022). Cardiovascular disease, cancer, and accidents continue to represent the primary causes of mortality for both genders with all having disproportional preponderance in men. In recent years, there has been a notable decline in age-adjusted mortality rates related to cancer, while there has been an increase in deaths from accidental and intentional self-harm. Moreover, in the United States, men are more likely than women to develop and die from nonsex-specific cancers. As a result, men's poor health affects productivity, absenteeism, and employment.

Summary
The status of men in healthcare is complex. It is rooted in history, culture, and institutions. To address disparities, we need a comprehensive approach that includes policy reforms, sociocultural changes, and a fair and equitable public discourse. Grassroots and top-down strategies are needed to ensure a value-based societal healthcare system acknowledging the unique health needs of men.
Unusual Causes of Death Due to Constipation
Authors: Byard Roger W. , Tiemensma Marianne 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Constipation is found in individuals with intellectual disabilities, autism, and cerebral palsy. Although generally a benign condition, it may lead to life-threatening intestinal obstruction, with or without volvulus, or to stercoral ulceration with enteritis and/or perforation. Two unusual cases of lethal chronic constipation are reported to demonstrate other very rare fatal mechanisms that may occur. Case 1: A 17-year-old male with cerebral palsy and autism was found deceased in bed. Death was due to pulmonary thromboembolism arising from compression of pelvic veins by acquired megacolon due to constipation (fecal mass 4.6 kg). Case 2: A second 17-year-old male with intellectual disability, global developmental delay, attention deficit disorder, seizures, and hypotonia collapsed and died during a medical evacuation from a remote community. Death was due to abdominal compartment syndrome in the context of medical air transport (medical retrieval), chronic constipation with acquired megacolon and megarectum (fecal mass 6.5 kg), global developmental delay, intellectual disability, and a suspected underlying genetic syndrome. These cases demonstrate that individuals with constipation may present for medicolegal assessment following sudden collapse/death and that pulmonary thromboembolism and abdominal compartment syndrome should be considered as rare possibilities in the evaluation of vulnerable individuals.
Adherence and forgiveness of two modern ART regimens: lamivudine/dolutegravir and emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide/rilpivirine.
Authors: L Taramasso , F Maggiolo , D Valenti , S Blanchi , F Centorrino , L Comi , A Di Biagio 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
Few data are available about the forgiveness of two-drug (2DR) or low-barrier three-drug antiretroviral regimens. The aim of this study is to evaluate the real-life forgiveness of lamivudine/dolutegravir (3TC/DTG) and emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide/rilpivirine (FTC/TAF/RPV).

Methods:
A two center retrospective observational study enrolled all people with HIV (PWH) treated with 3TC/DTG or FTC/TAF/RPV. Adherence was measured as the proportion of days covered (PDC) by drug supply. Binary logistic regression was applied to test the impact of baseline variables and adherence on the achievement of virological suppression.

Results:
1258 adult PWH were enrolled, 368 in 3TC/DTG and 890 in RPV/F/TAF. Most were males (71 %), with median age of 51 years (IQR 43-58 years) and median CD4 nadir of 305 cells/mcL (IQR 132-485). The median cohort follow-up totaled 4558 persons/year. Median adherence, as calculated from PDC, was of 0.98 (IQR 0.93-1). Irrespective of the treatment group, a PDC as low as 0.8 was sufficient to obtain HIV-RNA below 200 copies/mL in almost all study participants. The same adherence value also allowed the achievement of HIV-RNA below 50 copies/mL in > 90% of study participants. PDC (P < 0.0001), Italian origin (P < 0.0001) and male sex (P = 0.038) significantly correlated to the achievement of < 200 copies/mL.

Conclusions:
In this study, we found a similar and high grade of forgiveness in the INSTI-based 2-drug regimen 3TC/DTG and in the NNRTI-based 3-drug regimen FTC/TAF/RPV.
Rare Indocyanine-Induced Anaphylactic Shock During Deep Inferior Epigastric Artery Perforator Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Kang Jung-Min , Park Jin-Woo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Indocyanine green (ICG) is a water-soluble green substance that is detectable through infrared cameras and emits greenish light. Approved for medical use in the 1950s, ICG has gained prominence as a real-time visualization tool. Widely recognized as a generally safe substance, ICG is applied in diverse fields. Despite its prevalent use without significant safety concerns, we report a case of anaphylactic shock due to ICG to reflect on its potential risk.
A 46-year-old woman with phyllodes tumor of the breast came to our clinic. She had no significant medical history except dog hair allergy. She underwent nipple-sparing mastectomy, and we planned reconstruction with a deep inferior epigastric perforator free flap. Intraoperatively, we injected ICG to visualize the perfusion area of the abdominal flap. Immediately after injection, her blood pressure dropped to 39/32 from 124/66. Anaphylaxis management included injection of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and steroid. With proper management, her vital signs recovered to normal ranges and the operation proceeded. After discharge, the patient developed no flap-related or internal medical complications.
Despite the widely known safety of ICG, it carries a risk of life-threatening adverse effects. Surgeons should be aware that, although rare, these events can occur in their operations.
The impact of loneliness on healthcare costs and service utilisation and the
cost-effectiveness of loneliness interventions: a systematic review
Authors: Eager Sharon , Baldwin Helen , McCrone Paul , McDaid David , Stefanidou Theodora , Shah Prisha , Jeffreys Stephen , Rojas-Garcia Antonio , Jarvis Ruby , Chipp Beverley , Lloyd-Evans Brynmor , Pitman Alexandra , Barnett Phoebe , Matias Maria Ana , Johnson Sonia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Loneliness is an unpleasant, subjective experience that can affect
people at all stages of life. Given its association with a range of physical
and mental health problems, it is important to assess the costs of
loneliness to the healthcare system. The current study aimed to: (i) review
literature on the health and social care impacts of loneliness, and (ii)
review economic evaluations of interventions to address loneliness.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review of studies published from 2008 to 2023
by searching five bibliographic databases, two sources of grey literature,
and reference lists of relevant systematic reviews. Studies estimating
health and social care cost and expenditure, and studies on health resource
utilisation were included to assess the impact of loneliness on the health
system. Return on investment, social return on investment, and
cost-effectiveness evaluations were included to assess the economic impact
of loneliness interventions. Studies that reported either mental or physical
health outcomes were included. No limitations were placed on inclusion for
populations, age groups, or language. We conducted quality appraisal and
narrative synthesis of results.

Results
We included 39 eligible studies: Five estimated the healthcare cost or
expenditure of loneliness, 22 reported healthcare resource use, and 18 were
economic evaluations of interventions. Most studies focused on older adult
populations. Findings relating to the cost/expenditure of loneliness and
service use were inconsistent and varied: some studies reported excess
healthcare costs/expenditure and service use associated with loneliness,
while others found lower costs/expenditure and service use associated with
loneliness. Economic evaluation studies covered a wide range of different
intervention types. They generally indicated that loneliness interventions
can be cost-effective, but were less likely to be cost-saving and not
consistently effective in reducing loneliness.

Discussion
Inconsistent and varied findings on the impact of loneliness on the
healthcare system and on economic evaluations of loneliness interventions
meant it was difficult to synthesise the results. Therefore, we cannot
derive confident conclusions about the impact of loneliness on
costs/expenditure related to the health and social care system from this
review. Future research should prioritise studies relating to social care,
the direct healthcare costs of loneliness, and randomised controlled trials
with long-term follow-ups to appropriately address these evidence gaps.
Research on younger populations should also be considered a
priority.
An inverse correlation between linguistic and genetic diversity
Authors: Graff Anna , Ringen Erik J. , Zakharko Taras , Stoneking Mark , Shimizu Kentaro K. , Bickel Balthasar , Barbieri Chiara 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Human population history, as traced by our genome, has shaped the
distribution of languages around the world. While case studies suggest that
population history can also affect specific structures of languages, such as
patterns in their sound systems and grammars, results are conflicting, and it
remains unknown whether such effects hold globally. Here we show that, adjusting
for geography, phylogeny, and environment, genetic diversity is inversely
correlated with diversity in linguistic structures. Low genetic diversity (i.e.
excess homozygosity) results from relative isolation, and this promotes
diversification in language. High genetic diversity results from contact and
migration, and this promotes homogenization in language. These effects are
particularly pronounced in Asia and, under some conditions, also in a few other
areas, suggesting sociocultural factors contributing to differences in how
strongly isolation favors linguistic diversity and how strongly contact promotes
linguistic homogenization. Our results suggest that present-day hotspots of
linguistic diversity, which are characterized by relative isolation, may provide
a privileged window on the dynamics of linguistic evolution as they are less
affected by the vast demographic expansions, migrations, and extinctions that
characterize the Neolithic age.