bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Twelve-month clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing complex percutaneous coronary intervention: insights from the ISAR-REACT 5 trial
Authors: Coughlan J J , Aytekin Alp , Ndrepepa Gjin , Schüpke Stefanie , Bernlochner Isabell , Mayer Katharina , Neumann Franz Josef , Menichelli Maurizio , Richardt Gert , Wöhrle Jochen , Xhepa Erion , Kufner Sebastian , Sager Hendrik B , Joner Michael , Ibrahim Tareq , Fusaro Massimiliano , Laugwitz Karl Ludwig , Schunkert Heribert , Kastrati Adnan , Cassese Salvatore 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Aims
Complex percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with a higher risk of ischaemic events. However, no study has analysed the effect of PCI complexity on outcomes in a contemporary cohort of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients treated with a dual anti-platelet therapy regimen based on potent P2Y12-inhibitors. Therefore, we performed the current analysis.

Methods and results
This analysis included all ACS patients treated with PCI in the Intracoronary Stenting and Antithrombotic Regimen: Rapid Early Action for Coronary Treatment (ISAR-REACT) 5 trial. Complex PCI was defined as at least one of: multi-vessel PCI, ≥3 stents implanted, ≥3 lesions treated, and total stented length &gt;60 mm. The primary endpoint was the composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), or stroke at 12 months; the safety endpoint was Bleeding Academic Research Consortium types 3–5 bleeding at 12 months. Overall, 3377 patients were included in this analysis (complex PCI, n = 1429; non-complex PCI, n = 1948). The primary endpoint occurred more frequently in the complex PCI group than the non-complex PCI group [10.1% vs. 7.2%, hazard ratio (HR): 1.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.14–1.82), P = 0.002], driven primarily by a higher risk of MI [HR: 1.62, (1.17–2.26), P = 0.004]. The safety endpoint was not statistically different between patients undergoing complex vs. non-complex PCI, although it was numerically higher in the complex PCI group [6.7% vs. 5.3%, HR: 1.28, (0.97–1.70), P = 0.08].

Conclusions
Acute coronary syndrome patients undergoing complex PCI have an increased incidence of ischaemic events compared with ACS patients undergoing non-complex PCI.

Clinical Trial Registration
NCT01944800, Prospective, Randomized Trial of Ticagrelor Vs. Prasugrel in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome—Full-Text View—ClinicalTrials.gov https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01944800
Assessment of preoperative frailty and identification of patients at risk for postoperative delirium in cardiac intensive care units: a prospective observational study
Authors: Cheng Hsiao-Wei , Liu Chieh-Yu , Chen Yih-Sharng , Shih Chun-Che , Chen Wei-Yi , Chiou Ai-Fu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common complication that may occur from 24 to 72 h after cardiac surgery. Frailty is a chronic syndrome that leads to a decline in physiological reserve and to disability. The associations between frailty and POD are unclear.

Aims
To investigate associations between POD and frailty in patients undergoing cardiac surgery and to analyse predictors of POD.

Methods and results
Convenience sampling was used to recruit 152 patients who underwent cardiac surgery in two medical centres in northern Taiwan. Preoperative frailty in these patients was evaluated using Fried’s frailty phenotype. Delirium in patients was assessed from postoperative day 1 to day 5 using the confusion assessment method for intensive care units. A total of 152 patients who underwent cardiac surgery included 68 (44.74%) prefrail patients and 21 (13.81%) patients with frailty after the surgery. Ten patients (6.58%) developed delirium after cardiac surgery. The occurrence of delirium peaked at postoperative day 2, and the average duration of delirium was 3 days. A case–control comparison revealed a significant correlation between preoperative frailty and POD. Significant predictors of POD in patients undergoing cardiac surgery included the European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation II, preoperative arrhythmia, and preoperative anxiety and depression.

Conclusion
Preoperative frailty was correlated with POD. Preoperative arrhythmia, anxiety, and depression are predictors of POD. Nurses should perform preoperative assessments of surgical risk and physiological and psychological conditions of patients undergoing cardiac surgery and monitor the occurrence of POD.
Quality evaluation of patient educational resources for catheter ablation treatment of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Cano Valls Alba , Gallagher Celine , Carro Esther , Matas Mariona , Mont Lluis , Lau Dennis , Sanders Prashanthan , Hendriks Jeroen M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Aims
The prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) is increasing rapidly with the growing utilization of catheter ablation (CA) as a treatment strategy. Education for individuals undertaking this procedure is diverse, with varying degrees of information provided and little standardization. Many individuals utilize the internet as an educational resource. However, there is limited regulation of online patient information. To evaluate the quality of web-based patient education resources for patients undergoing CA for AF.

Methods and results
A cross-sectional observational study was performed to obtain all freely accessible online educational resources about CA for AF from inception until 1 October 2019. Search engines used: Google, Yahoo!, and Bing. The Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) was used to evaluate the quality of web-based patient education materials and printable tools. The PEMAT score objectively measures both the understandability and actionability of educational material. A total of 17 websites and 15 printable sources were included in the analysis. Non-government organizations developed 19% of materials and 75% were created by private or university hospitals. Nineteen sources (59.4%) were rated as highly understandable: 9 websites (52.9%) and 10 printable tools (66.7%). Seven sources (21.9%) were rated as highly actionable: 6 (35.3%) websites and 1 (6.7%) printable tool.

Conclusion
The overall understandability of educational CA material was high, whilst improvement of actionability is warranted. The addition of summaries, visual aids, and tools, such as checklists may improve quality. These findings have significant implications for the development of patient educational material for CA in AF.
Simultaneously deleting ADH2 and THI3 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for reducing the yield of acetaldehyde and fusel alcohols
Authors: Wu Liang , Wen Yongdi , Chen Wenying , Yan Tongshuai , Tian Xiaofei , Zhou Shishui 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
The reduced yields of acetaldehyde and fusel alcohols through fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae is of significance for the improvement of the flavor and health of alcoholic beverages. In this study, the ADH2 (encode alcohol dehydrogenase) and THI3 (encode decarboxylase) genes of the industrial diploid strain S. cerevisiae XF1 were deleted. Results showed that single-gene-deletion mutants by separate gene deletion of ADH2 or THI3 led to a reduced production of the acetaldehyde or fusel alcohols, respectively. In the meantime, the double-gene-deletion mutant S. cerevisiae XF1-AT was constructed by deleting the ADH2 and THI3 simultaneously. An equivalent level of the ethanol production by the S. cerevisiae XF1-AT could be achieved but with the yields of acetaldehyde, isoamyl alcohol and iso-butanol reduced by 42.09%, 15.65% and 20.16%, respectively. In addition, there was no interaction between the ADH2 deletion and THI3 deletion in reducing the production of acetaldehyde and fusel alcohols. The engineered S. cerevisiae XF1-AT provided a new strategy to alcoholic beverages brewing industry for reducing the production of acetaldehyde as well as the fusel alcohols.
Reduction of lipid-accumulation of oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated inactivation of lipid droplet structural proteins
Authors: Jiao Xiang , Lyu Liting , Zhang Yue , Huang Qitian , Zhou Renhui , Wang Shian , Wang Shuang , Zhang Sufang , Zhao Zongbao K 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The basidiomycetous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides is an important chassis organism for producing microbial lipids and terpenoids. However, excess carbon flux flows towards lipid synthesis than terpenoid synthesis. Thus, it is essential to limit lipid accumulation so that R. toruloides can be explored as an advanced cell factory for producing non-lipid derivatives. In this study, we knocked out two lipid droplet (LD) structural proteins (Ldp1 and Cals) of R. toruloides NP11 through the CRISPR/Cas9 system to reduce lipid production. The results showed that lipid content of LD protein-disrupted strains dropped by over 40%. LDP1-disrupted mutants harbored small-sized LDs. This study provided valuable information to study about microbial lipid metabolism and platform strains for constructing advanced cell factories.
Spontaneous generation of diversity inArachisneopolyploids (Arachis ipaënsis×Arachis duranensis)4x replays the early stages of peanut evolution
Authors: Leal-Bertioli Soraya C M , Nascimento Eliza F M B , Chavarro M Carolina F , Custódio Adriana R , Hopkins Mark S , Moretzsohn Márcio C , Bertioli David J , Araújo Ana Claudia G 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPolyploidy is considered a driving force in plant evolution and domestication. Although in the genus Arachis, several diploid species were traditionally cultivated for their seeds, only the allotetraploid peanut Arachis hypogaea became the successful, widely spread legume crop. This suggests that polyploidy has given selective advantage for domestication of peanut. Here, we study induced allotetraploid (neopolyploid) lineages obtained from crosses between the peanut’s progenitor species, Arachis ipaënsis and Arachis duranensis, at earlier and later generations. We observed plant morphology, seed dimensions, and genome structure using cytogenetics (FISH and GISH) and SNP genotyping. The neopolyploid lineages show more variable fertility and seed morphology than their progenitors and cultivated peanut. They also showed sexual and somatic genome instability, evidenced by changes of number of detectable 45S rDNA sites, and extensive homoeologous recombination indicated by mosaic patterns of chromosomes and changes in dosage of SNP alleles derived from the diploid species. Genome instability was not randomly distributed across the genome: the more syntenic chromosomes, the higher homoeologous recombination. Instability levels are higher than observed on peanut lines, therefore it is likely that more unstable lines tend to perish. We conclude that early stages of the origin and domestication of the allotetraploid peanut involved two genetic bottlenecks: the first, common to most allotetraploids, is composed of the rare hybridization and polyploidization events, followed by sexual reproductive isolation from its wild diploid relatives. Here, we suggest a second bottleneck: the survival of the only very few lineages that had stronger mechanisms for limiting genomic instability.
Dynamo constraints on the long-term evolution of Earth’s magnetic field strength
Authors: Davies Christopher J , Bono Richard K , Meduri Domenico G , Aubert Julien , Greenwood Samuel , Biggin Andrew J 
Published: August 2021

SUMMARY
Elucidating the processes in the liquid core that have produced observed palaeointensity changes over the last 3.5 Gyr is crucial for understanding the dynamics and long-term evolution of Earth’s deep interior. We combine numerical geodynamo simulations with theoretical scaling laws to investigate the variation of Earth’s magnetic field strength over geological time. Our approach follows the study of Aubert et al., adapted to include recent advances in numerical simulations, mineral physics and palaeomagnetism. We first compare the field strength within the dynamo region and on the core–mantle boundary (CMB) between a suite of 314 dynamo simulations and two power-based theoretical scaling laws. The scaling laws are both based on a Quasi-Geostropic (QG) force balance at leading order and a Magnetic, Archimedian, and Coriolis (MAC) balance at first order and differ in treating the characteristic length scale of the convection as fixed (QG-MAC-fixed) or determined as part of the solution (QG-MAC-free). When the data set is filtered to retain only simulations with magnetic to kinetic energy ratios greater than at least two we find that the internal field together with the root-mean-square and dipole CMB fields exhibit power-law behaviour that is compatible with both scalings within uncertainties arising from different heating modes and boundary conditions. However, while the extrapolated intensity based on the QG-MAC-free scaling matches Earth’s modern CMB field, the QG-MAC-fixed prediction shoots too high and also significantly overestimates palaeointensities over the last 3.5 Gyr. We combine the QG-MAC-free scaling with outputs from 275 realizations of core–mantle thermal evolution to construct synthetic true dipole moment (TDM) curves spanning the last 3.5 Gyr. Best-fitting TDMs reproduce binned PINT data during the Bruhnes and before inner core nucleation (ICN) within observational uncertainties, but PINT does not contain the predicted strong increase and subsequent high TDMs during the early stages of inner core growth. The best-fitting models are obtained for a present-day CMB heat flow of 11–16 TW, increasing to 17–22 TW at 4 Ga, and predict a minimum TDM at ICN.
On Elliptic Curves and Binary Quartic Forms
Authors: Duke W 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A Dirichlet series is defined whose coefficients are determined by counting certain integral points on the quadratic twists of an elliptic curve. The function defined by this series has a meromorphic continuation with at most a simple pole at a certain distinguished point. In certain cases, the residue there gives a class number formula for positive definite binary quartic forms.
Consumers Believe That Products Work Better for Others
Authors: Polman Evan , Ziano Ignazio , Wu Kaiyang , Van Kerckhove Anneleen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractConsumers tend to see themselves in a positive light, yet we present evidence that they are pessimistic about whether they will receive a product’s benefits. In 15 studies (N = 6,547; including nine preregistered), we found that consumers believe that product efficacy is higher for others than it is for themselves. For example, consumers believe that consuming a sports drink (to satisfy thirst), medicine (to relieve pain), an online class (to learn something new), or an adult coloring book (to inspire creativity) will have a greater effect on others than on themselves. We show that this bias holds across many kinds of products and judgment-targets, and inversely correlates with factors such as product familiarity, product usefulness, and relationship closeness with judgment-targets. Moreover, we find this bias stems from consumers’ beliefs they are more unique and less malleable than others, and that it alters the choices people make for others. We conclude by discussing implications for research on gift-giving, advice-giving, usership, and interpersonal social, health, and financial choices.
Influence of Experiential Learning Activities in a Natural Resource Policy Course on Student Learning and Civic Engagement
Authors: Watkins Cristina , Poudyal Neelam C 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere is a growing recognition that students in forestry and other natural resource management programs need an understanding of natural resource policy to become well-versed natural resource professionals. As such, instructors need to find creative ways to draw student interest in course content, which students may view as peripheral to their core professional interests. Experiential learning activities can help students engage with course content, increase student motivation and confidence, and develop professional skills. They can also be beneficial in policy courses to encourage civic engagement outside of the classroom. This study assessed student’s attitudes and perceptions about various experiential learning activities conducted in an undergraduate natural resource policy course. Data was collected from an online retrospective survey of student reflections after completion of the course. Results indicate a positive influence of experiential learning activities on student learning and likelihood of future participation in the policy process.
Monotonicity Revisited: Mass Nouns and Comparisons of Purity
Authors: Bale Alan , Schwarz Bernhard , Shanks David 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Comparatives with more plus mass noun, like John has more milk than Bill, are naturally analyzed as referencing measure functions, functions like volume or weight that map individuals to degrees. Although such measure functions vary with context as well as the choice of mass noun, there are well known grammatical limitations on this variation. In particular, Schwarzschild (2006) proposes that only monotonic measure functions can enter into the interpretation of comparatives with more plus mass noun. While this Monotonicity Constraint has strong empirical support, Bale & Barner (2009) have drawn attention to data that seemingly contradict it. For example, There is more gold in the ring than in the bracelet can be evaluated based on whether the ring is made from purer gold than the bracelet. This seems to suggest that comparatives with more plus mass noun can reference purity, yet purity is non-monotonic ( Schwarzschild 2006; Wellwood 2015). Building on Solt (2018) and Bale & Schwarz (2020), we show here that comparisons of purity can be credited to monotonic proportional measure functions, thereby reconciling Bale & Barner (2009)’s observation with the Monotonicity Constraint. We provide independent support for this proposal, establishing that reference to the relevant monotonic proportional measure functions, but not to purity, yields meanings that accurately track speakers’ truth value judgments. Our analysis commits us to the assumption that the main clause and the comparative clause can invoke different measure functions. We propose that this is made possible by Skolemization and binding. Specifically, we posit covert expressions denoting measure functions which contain variables bound by different expressions in the two clauses.
NuSTAR observations of a repeatedly microflaring active region
Authors: Cooper Kristopher , Hannah Iain G , Grefenstette Brian W , Glesener Lindsay , Krucker Säm , Hudson Hugh S , White Stephen M , Smith David M , Duncan Jessie 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
We investigate the spatial, temporal, and spectral properties of 10 microflares from AR12721 on 2018 September 9 and 10 observed in X-rays using the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope ARray and the Solar Dynamic Observatory’s Atmospheric Imaging Assembly and Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager. We find GOES sub-A class equivalent microflare energies of 1026–1028 erg reaching temperatures up to 10 MK with consistent quiescent or hot active region (AR) core plasma temperatures of 3–4 MK. One microflare (SOL2018-09-09T10:33), with an equivalent GOES class of A0.1, has non-thermal hard X-ray emission during its impulsive phase (of non-thermal power ∼7 × 1024 erg s−1) making it one of the faintest X-ray microflares to have direct evidence for accelerated electrons. In 4 of the 10 microflares, we find that the X-ray time profile matches fainter and more transient sources in the extreme-ultraviolet, highlighting the need for observations sensitive to only the hottest material that reaches temperatures higher than those of the AR core (&gt;5 MK). Evidence for corresponding photospheric magnetic flux cancellation/emergence present at the footpoints of eight microflares is also observed.
Hot subdwarfs from the surviving companions of the white dwarf + main-sequence channel of Type Ia supernovae
Authors: Meng Xiang-Cun , Luo Yang-Ping 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Some surviving companions of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) from the white dwarf + main-sequence (WD+MS) channel may evolve to hot subdwarfs. In this paper, we perform stellar evolution calculations for the surviving companions of close WD+MS systems in the spin-up/spin-down model and the canonical non-rotating model. This enables us to map out the initial parameter spaces in the orbital period–secondary-mass plane in which the surviving companions can evolve to hot subdwarfs. Based on these results, we carry out a series of binary population synthesis calculations to obtain the Galactic birth rate of hot subdwarfs from the WD+MS channel, which is $2.3{-}6\times 10^{\rm -4}\, {\rm yr}^{\rm -1}$ for the spin-up/spin-down model and $0.7{-}3\times 10^{\rm -4}\, {\rm yr}^{\rm -1}$ for the canonical non-rotating model. We also show the distributions of some integral properties of the hot subdwarfs, for example the mass and space velocity, for different models. In addition, by comparing our results with observations of intermediate helium-rich (iHe-rich) hot subdwarfs, we find that the hot subdwarfs from the WD+MS channel may explain some observational features of the iHe-rich hot subdwarfs, especially those from the spin-up/spin-down model. Although we expect that the SN Ia channel will contribute only a small fraction of the iHe-rich hot subdwarf population, some of these may help to explain cases with unusual kinematics.
Polygenic Adaptation and Clonal Interference Enable Sustained Diversity in ExperimentalPseudomonas aeruginosaPopulations
Authors: Harris Katrina B , Flynn Kenneth M , Cooper Vaughn S 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHow biodiversity arises and can be maintained in asexual microbial populations growing on a single resource remains unclear. Many models presume that beneficial genotypes will outgrow others and purge variation via selective sweeps. Environmental structure like that found in biofilms, which are associated with persistence during infection and other stressful conditions, may oppose this process and preserve variation. We tested this hypothesis by evolving Pseudomonas aeruginosa populations in biofilm-promoting arginine media for 3 months, using both a bead model of the biofilm life cycle and planktonic serial transfer. Surprisingly, adaptation and diversification were mostly uninterrupted by fixation events that eliminate diversity, with hundreds of mutations maintained at intermediate frequencies. The exceptions included genotypes with mutator alleles that also accelerated genetic diversification. Despite the rarity of hard sweeps, a remarkable 40 genes acquired parallel mutations in both treatments and often among competing genotypes within a population. These incomplete soft sweeps include several transporters (including pitA, pntB, nosD, and pchF) suggesting adaptation to the growth media that becomes highly alkaline during growth. Further, genes involved in signal transduction (including gacS, aer2, bdlA, and PA14_71750) reflect likely adaptations to biofilm-inducing conditions. Contrary to evolution experiments that select mutations in a few genes, these results suggest that some environments may expose a larger fraction of the genome and select for many adaptations at once. Thus, even growth on a sole carbon source can lead to persistent genetic and phenotypic variation despite strong selection that would normally purge diversity.