bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Atroposelective Annulation for Access to Thiazine Derivatives with C−N Axial Chirality
Authors: Li Tingting , Mou Chengli , Qi Puying , Peng Xiaolin , Jiang Shichun , Hao Gefei , Xue Wei , Yang Song , Hao Lin , Chi Yonggui Robin , Jin Zhichao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA catalytic atroposelective cycloaddition reaction between thioureas and ynals is developed. This reaction features the first NHC‐catalyzed addition of thioureas to acetylenic acylazolium intermediates to eventually set up C−N axial chirality with excellent optical purities. The obtained axially chiral thiazine derivative products bear multiple functional groups and are feasible for further transformations.
Trends in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and chemometrics applied to chemical data
Authors: Houhou Rola , Bocklitz Thomas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractArtificial intelligence‐based methods such as chemometrics, machine learning, and deep learning are promising tools that lead to a clearer and better understanding of data. Only with these tools, data can be used to its full extent, and the gained knowledge on processes, interactions, and characteristics of the sample is maximized. Therefore, scientists are developing data science tools mentioned above to automatically and accurately extract information from data and increase the application possibilities of the respective data in various fields. Accordingly, AI‐based techniques were utilized for chemical data since the 1970s and this review paper focuses on the recent trends of chemometrics, machine learning, and deep learning for chemical and spectroscopic data in 2020. In this regard, inverse modeling, preprocessing methods, and data modeling applied to spectra and image data for various measurement techniques are discussed.
Gender differences in subliminal affective face priming: A high‐density ERP study
Authors: Tanaka Mutsuhide , Yamada Emi , Maekawa Toshihiko , Ogata Katsuya , Takamiya Naomi , Nakazono Hisato , Tobimatsu Shozo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionSubliminal affective priming effects (SAPEs) refer to the phenomenon by which the presentation of an affective prime stimulus influences the subsequent affective evaluation of a target stimulus. Previous studies have reported that unconsciously processed stimuli affect behavioral performance more than consciously processed stimuli. However, the impact of SAPEs on the face‐specific N170 component is unclear. We studied how SAPEs for fearful faces affected the N170 for subsequent supraliminal target faces using event‐related potentials (ERPs).MethodsJapanese adults (n = 44, 20 females) participated in this study. Subliminal prime faces (neutral or fearful) were presented for 17 ms, followed by a backward mask for 283 ms and 800 ms target faces (neutral, emotionally ambiguous, or fearful). 128‐channel ERPs were recorded while participants judged the expression of target faces as neutral or fearful. Response rates and response times were also measured for assessing behavioral alterations.ResultsAlthough the behavioral results revealed no evidence of SAPEs, we found gender‐related SAPEs in right N170 amplitude. Specifically, female participants exhibited enhanced right N170 amplitude for emotionally neutral faces primed by fearful faces, while male participants exhibited decreased N170 amplitude in fearful prime trials with fearful target faces. Male participants exhibited significant correlations between N170 amplitude and behavioral response time in the fearful prime‐neutral target condition.ConclusionsOur ERP results suggest the existence of a gender difference in target‐face processing preceded by subliminally presented face stimuli in the right occipito‐temporal region.
Cancer survivorship in hematologic malignancies: Lifestyle changes after diagnosis
Authors: Malalur Pannaga , Agastya Manas , Wahi‐Gururaj Sandhya , Cross Chad L. , Deauna‐Limayo Delva , Kingsley Edwin C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundStudies show that patients make lifestyle changes soon after certain solid tumor diagnoses, suggesting that this may be a teachable moment to motivate and promote healthy behaviors. There is a paucity of data regarding changes made after a diagnosis of a hematologic malignancy.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of 116 patients at a community oncology center who completed anonymous questionnaires was performed. Questions addressed lifestyle choices made with respect to smoking, alcohol consumption, recreational drug use, diet, and exercise habits before and after diagnosis of a hematologic malignancy. Support systems utilized, including psychiatry services, were also assessed.ResultsPatients exhibited significant reduction in smoking behavior (Χ2 = 31.0, p < 0.001). 82.4% (n = 14) of one pack per day smokers quit between the time periods, with nearly all smokers showing a reduction after diagnosis. Alcohol use overall did not change significantly, however, 10.3% (n = 12) of patients reported quitting drinking completely between time periods. Changes in dietary intake and exercise were not statistically significant overall. Utilization of external support systems correlated with improved diet as well as decrease in total smoking years.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that patients exhibited significant lifestyle changes after being diagnosed with a hematologic malignancy. Clinicians should take advantage of this ‘teachable moment’ to educate patients about positive health behavior changes. Advances in cancer therapeutics have led to an increase in cancer survivors, this education is crucial in reducing the risk of developing chronic comorbidities as well as secondary malignancies.
Comparison of efficacy, safety, patients’ quality of life, and doctors’ occupational stress between lenalidomide‐based and bortezomib‐based induction in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Xu Limei , Liu Junru , Huang Beihui , Kuang Lifen , Gu Jingli , Chen Meilan , Zou Waiyi , Li Juan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn the new therapeutic era, comparisons between regimens containing lenalidomide and bortezomib are needed.MethodsIn this single‐center, prospective study, patients received four to six cycles of lenalidomide+liposomal doxorubicin+dexamethasone (RAD) or bortezomib+liposomal doxorubicin+dexamethasone (PAD) every 4 weeks, with subsequent autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and maintenance therapy. We compared the efficacy, safety, patients’ quality of life, and doctors’ occupational stress between RAD and PAD induction in newly diagnosed MM patients.ResultsThe complete response (CR) rate was comparable between the RAD and PAD groups after induction (30.8% vs. 32.0%, p = 0.92). Common adverse events, including infections, peripheral neuropathy, and gastrointestinal disturbances, were more frequent in the PAD group, while leukopenia and rashes were more common in the RAD group. Compared with PAD, RAD improved patients’ quality of life more quickly and caused less occupational stress for doctors. However, only 31.6% of patients collected adequate CD34+ cells (≥2 × 106/kg) in the RAD group, which was significantly lower than that in the PAD group (95.5%, p < 0.001). The number of CD34+ cells collected was significantly higher in patients within three courses of RAD than in patients with four or five to six courses (14.18 ± 13.57 vs. 2.07 ± 2.42 vs. 1.51 ± 1.81 × 106/kg, p = 0.028). The median progression‐free survival and overall survival of the two groups were not reached by the end of follow‐up.ConclusionCompared to PAD, RAD induction had comparable efficacy and a significantly better safety profile, improved quality of life for patients, and reduced occupational stress for doctors. However, RAD induction may need to be limited to four cycles to avoid irreversible damage to hematopoietic stem cells.Clinical trial registrationThis study was registered at www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR1900021558).
Effect of Argemone mexicana on Local Edema and LPS‐Induced Neuroinflammation
Authors: Monterrosas‐Brisson Nayeli , Zagal‐Guzmán Mayra , Zamilpa Alejandro , Jiménez‐Ferrer Enrique , Avilés‐Flores Margarita , Fuentes‐Mata Macrina , Herrera‐Ruiz Maribel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractArgemone mexicana L. is a widely used plant in Mexican traditional medicine to treat inflammatory and nervous medical conditions. It has been subjected to several pharmacological and chemical studies in which acute anti‐inflammatory activity is indicated. This work aimed at finding an extract and fraction with anti‐inflammatory activity by means of 2‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA)‐induced auricular edema. Afterward, the extract and the fraction were tested on neuroinflammation caused by lipopolysaccharides (LPS).Treatments obtained from A. mexicana included the methanolic extract (AmMeOH), a fraction extracted with ethyl acetate (AmAcOEt), and four sub‐fractions (AmF‐1 to AmF‐4), which were evaluated in auricular edema with the TPA assay. Both treatments with the most significant inhibitory effect were employed to test these in the LPS neuroinflammation model.AmAcOEt and AmF‐3 induced a higher inhibition of edema (%), and both diminished ear inflammation when viewed under a microscope. These treatments also raised an increase in spleen, but not in brain of mice with neuroinflammation. They were able to decrease the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6) in both organs. Furthermore, the accumulation of amyloid‐β (Aβ) in hippocampus was not visible. AmF‐3 contains the flavonoids isoquercetin, luteolin, and rutin, the former being the most concentrated.
T‐cell receptors provide potential prognostic signatures for breast cancer
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Zhang Jin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlthough T‐cell receptors (TCRs) are related to the progression of breast cancer (BC), their prognostic values remain unclear. We downloaded the messenger RNA (mRNA) profiles and corresponding clinical information of 1413 BC patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus database, respectively. The different expression analysis of 104 TCRs in BC samples was performed, and the consensus clustering based on 104 TCRs was performed by using the K‐mean method of R language. Univariate cox regression analysis was used to screen TCRs significantly associated with the prognosis of BC, and LASSO Cox analysis was applied to optimize key TCRs. The risk score was calculated using the prognostic model constructed based on six optimal TCRs, and multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to determine whether it was an independent prognostic signature. Finally, the nomogram was constructed to predict the overall survival of BC patients. Six optimal TCRs (ZAP70, GRAP2, NFKBIE, IFNG, NFKBIA, and PAK5), which were favorable for the prognosis of BC patients, were screened. Risk score could reliably predict the prognosis of BC patients as an independent prognostic signature. In addition, when bringing into two independent prognostic signatures, age and risk score, the nomogram model could better predict the overall survival of BC patients. Our results suggested that the poor prognosis of BC patients with high risk might be due to an immunosuppressive microenvironment. In summary, a prognostic risk model based on six TCRs was established and could efficiently predict the prognosis of BC patients.
Gravity mass powder flow through conical hoppers ‐ Part I: A mathematical model predicting the radial velocity profiles of free‐flowing granular systems as a function of cohesion and adhesion properties
Authors: Chaib Oumaima , Achouri Ines E. , Gosselin Ryan , Abatzoglou Nicolas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIt has been demonstrated that the concentration, velocity profiles, and residence time distribution (RTD) of a binary powder mixture flowing under gravity‐driven conditions can be evaluated via near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Contrary to a classical fluid flow profile, a granular flow profile was proven to be a function of cohesion and adhesion powder mixture properties. The present work aimed to develop a semi‐empirical equation inspired by the radial flow profile equation used for classical fluids. It achieves this by introducing the effect of powder friction properties as internal (particle‐particle) and external (particle‐hopper wall) friction angles. The developed equation shows good agreement with the experimental results using various hopper angles and two types of free‐flowing granular systems. The knowledge gained from the developed equation is intended to predict flow behaviour in conical hoppers as a function of flowing powder adhesion and cohesion parameters. Combining such knowledge with residence time distribution and the radial concentration profiles would make it possible to evaluate the expected extent of segregation, which could lead to prohibitive deviations in the production of pharmaceutical solid dosage forms.
Validation of eDNA as a viable method of detection for dangerous cubozoan jellyfish
Authors: Bolte Brett , Goldsbury Julie , Huerlimann Roger , Jerry Dean , Kingsford Michael 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStings from certain species of cubozoan jellyfish are dangerous to humans and their seasonal presence in tropical marine waters poses a significant risk to coastal communities. The detection of cubozoans is difficult due to high spatial and temporal variation in their occurrence and abundance. Environmental DNA (eDNA) has the potential to detect rare species and therefore offers potential to detect cubozoans, not only pelagic medusae, but presence of cryptic polyp life stages. The objective of this study was to validate the use of eDNA as a viable detection method for four cubozoan species (Chironex fleckeri, Copula sivickisi, Carybdea xaymacana, and Carukia barnesi). Species‐specific primers were developed for each of these four cubozoans and an eDNA approach validated utilizing both laboratory and field trials. Laboratory DNA degradation experiments demonstrated that C. sivickisi DNA degraded quickly but could still be detected in sea water for up to 9 days post‐jellyfish removal. Positive detection was found for C. fleckeri, C. xaymacana, and C. sivickisi medusae in the waters surrounding Magnetic Island, Queensland, in the Austral spring/summer (September‐January). Based on visual surveys, there was a poor relationship between concentration of eDNA and abundance of jellyfish. Positive eDNA amplification was also found from water sampled near the substratum when C. sivickisi medusae were out of season and absent. This suggests the eDNA analysis was likely detecting C. sivickisi polyps located within the substratum. Consequently, eDNA is an effective tool to detect both the medusae and likely polyps of cubozoans. This approach provides the means to reduce the risk of envenomation to swimmers and enhance our knowledge of cubozoan ecology.
“I hate to be a burden!”: Experiencing feelings associated with ostracism due to one's poor performance burdening the group
Authors: Wirth James H. , Sacco Donald F. , Brown Mitch , Okdie Bradley M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe examined if perceiving oneself as burdensome, due to performing poorly in a group, can lead to feelings associated with ostracism (being excluded and ignored), without actually being ostracized. Participants completed a typing game (Study 1) or solved Remote Associates Test (Study 2) items where they performed worse, equal, or better than the group. To isolate the influence of burdensomeness, participants were consistently selected by computerized agents to play. In each study, worse performers experienced greater perceptions of being burdensome, less basic need satisfaction, increased negative mood, and greater anticipation of being excluded from a future group task compared to equal or better performers. Additionally, despite reporting being included, poor performers experienced social pain. These results suggest that although feeling burdensome can lead to outcomes related to ostracism, feeling burdensome is a distinct experience. Consequently, feeling burdensome may be one of many aversive social experiences leading to decreased social well‐being.
Low‐temperature preparation and photoelectrochemical properties of TiO2 nanotubes‐graphene‐CNT hybrid structure
Authors: Tavakol Hossein , Momeni Mohamad Mohsen , Mohammadi Baset 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, by examining various growth temperature and time, graphene sheets and CNTs have been grown on the surface of TiO2 nanotubes to produce TiO2‐carbon hybrid material (TNG) using the chemical vapor deposition method. The produced hybrid structures were analyzed with FESEM, EDS, Raman, XRD, and TGA. Then, photoelectrochemical properties of prepared films were evaluated by measurements of the photocurrent density‐voltage and photocurrent density‐time curves. The TiO2 nanotube‐graphene hybrid material sample (sample TNG10) exhibited enhanced photoelectrochemical water‐splitting performances, compared with bare TiO2 nanotube. The photoelectrochemical results revealed that optimum graphene incorporated into TiO2 nanotubes played a crucial role. Therefore, this hybrid catalyst could be considered as a potential candidate for industrial water splitting.
Multiethnic genome‐wide association study of differentiated thyroid cancer in the EPITHYR consortium
Authors: Truong Thérèse , Lesueur Fabienne , Sugier Pierre‐Emmanuel , Guibon Julie , Xhaard Constance , Karimi Mojgan , Kulkarni Om , Lucotte Elise A. , Bacq‐Daian Delphine , Boland‐Auge Anne , Mulot Claire , Laurent‐Puig Pierre , Schvartz Claire , Guizard Anne‐Valérie , Ren Yan , Adjadj Elisabeth , Rachédi Frédérique , Borson‐Chazot Francoise , Ortiz Rosa Maria , Lence‐Anta Juan J. , Pereda Celia María , Comiskey Daniel F. , He Huiling , Liyanarachchi Sandya , de la Chapelle Albert , Elisei Rossella , Gemignani Federica , Thomsen Hauke , Forsti Asta , Herzig Anthony F. , Leutenegger Anne‐Louise , Rubino Carole , Ostroumova Evgenia , Kesminiene Ausrele , Boutron‐Ruault Marie‐Christine , Deleuze Jean‐François , Guénel Pascal , de Vathaire Florent 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIncidence of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) varies considerably between ethnic groups, with particularly high incidence rates in Pacific Islanders. DTC is one of the cancers with the highest familial risk suggesting a major role of genetic risk factors, but only few susceptibility loci were identified so far. In order to assess the contribution of known DTC susceptibility loci and to identify new ones, we conducted a multiethnic genome‐wide association study (GWAS) in individuals of European ancestry and of Oceanian ancestry from Pacific Islands. Our study included 1554 cases/1973 controls of European ancestry and 301 cases/348 controls of Oceanian ancestry from seven population‐based case‐control studies participating to the EPITHYR consortium. All participants were genotyped using the OncoArray‐500K Beadchip (Illumina). We confirmed the association with the known DTC susceptibility loci at 2q35, 8p12, 9q22.33 and 14q13.3 in the European ancestry population and suggested two novel signals at 1p31.3 and 16q23.2, which were associated with thyroid‐stimulating hormone levels in previous GWAS. We additionally replicated an association with 5p15.33 reported previously in Chinese and European populations. Except at 1p31.3, all associations were in the same direction in the population of Oceanian ancestry. We also observed that the frequencies of risk alleles at 2q35, 5p15.33 and 16q23.2 were significantly higher in Oceanians than in Europeans. However, additional GWAS and epidemiological studies in Oceanian populations are needed to fully understand the highest incidence observed in these populations.
A comparison of methods in estimating population attributable risk for colorectal cancer in the United States
Authors: Kim Hanseul , Wang Kai , Song Mingyang , Giovannucci Edward L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPopulation attributable risk (PAR) is becoming more widely used for quantifying preventability of cancer. However, its estimations have had a wide range, leading to questions about the true preventability. Our study aimed to compare the two PAR estimation methods (ie, literature‐based method and low‐risk method) for colorectal cancer (CRC) in the US population based on the same set of modifiable risk factors: physical activity, body mass index, alcoholic drinks, red meat, processed meat, dietary fiber, dietary calcium and cigarette smoking. For the literature‐based method, 65% and 53%, and for the low‐risk method, 62% and 49% of CRC cases for males and females, respectively, were attributable to the eight dietary and lifestyle risk factors. Additional sensitivity analyses were conducted with respect to the different choices of risk factors, relative risks (RRs) and exposure prevalence estimates used in the literature‐based method. The PARs including only the "convincing" factors and excluding “probable” factors defined by the WCRF/AICR were 50% for males and 34% for females. Using RRs derived from different studies changed the PARs considerably (57%‐74% for males and 37%‐60% for females). Our study assessed the robustness of PAR calculations through a direct comparison between the two methods using different assumptions and data and generally found high concordance. From the additional analyses, we found that the choice of risk factors and RRs could substantially influence the PAR estimates. Given the findings, future studies reporting PAR should consider presenting a range of PAR estimates based on choices of risk factors and RRs.
Persistence and dependence in geopolitical risks in various developed and developing countries
Authors: Solarin Sakiru Adebola , Gil‐Alana Luis A. , Gonzalez‐Blanch Maria Jesus 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe motivation of this article is that despite the rising geopolitical events across the globe, several aspects of geopolitical risks have not been sufficiently explored in the literature including the persistence and dependence in the geopolitical risks. This article examines geopolitical risk in terms of time series persistence. In doing so, we are able to determine the nature of the shocks, which are either transitory or permanent depending on the integration order of the series. We examine 19 countries from January 1985 to February 2020. Our results show evidence of positive time trends in the cases of Mexico and Venezuela, and negative ones for South Africa and Argentina. These results are robust across seasonal and non‐seasonal data and for different modelling assumptions for the error term. With respect to the degree of persistence, the different parameter is found to be in the range (0, 1) although we also observe heterogeneity across all countries.
Nonstandard monetary policies and bank profitability: The case of Spain
Authors: Tercero‐Lucas David 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study is to examine the effects of nonstandard monetary policy measures implemented by the Eurosystem on the Spanish banking sector profitability. To do this, a new database is built merging data from the Spanish Banking Industry Statistical Yearbook and from the Spanish Stock Market Commission. Applying different econometric techniques to a panel of 54 Spanish banks that covers the period 2001–2017 and controlling for bank‐specific factors and macroeconomic conditions, no discernible impact is found between the Eurosystem's nonstandard monetary policy measures (ECB's total assets, excess reserves and the slope of the yield curve) and bank profitability measured as return on assets, pre‐tax operating income and interest margins. This result is robust to different specifications and to different groups of banks.