bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical Students’ Reactive Anxiety as a Quality Criterion for Distance Learning during the SARS-COV-2 Pandemic
Authors: Sankova Maria V. , Kytko Olesya V. , Vasil'ev Yuriy L. , Aleshkina Olga Yu. , Diachkova Ekaterina Yu. , Darawsheh Hadi M. , Kolsanov Aleksandr V. , Dydykin Sergey S. 
Published: July 2021

Background: Numerous studies have shown an effect of rapidly spreading SARS-COV-2 on combined anxiety-depressive disorders and maladjustment syndrome occurrences. Objective: To determine the primary medical students’ reactive anxiety level and the final scores of their educational progress in distance learning during the SARS-COV-2 pandemic. Materials and Methods: The study involved 824 students at medical universities in Saratov and Moscow. The assessment of the reactive anxiety level was carried out according to the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI; the average score of students' academic performance was calculated according to the data of the technological platform "1C: Enterprise" version 8.4.1. The survey was completed during distance learning in May 2020. The quality of distance learning was compared to a similar score for 2019, when students were trained in a traditional way. Statistical analysis was conducted using Statistica 6.0. Results: It was shown the presence of moderately severe disorders among the primary medical students according to the average score of reactive anxiety (43.28 ± 12.85), that expressed more in females s (p<0.05), After distance learning, lasting 25% of the whole course, the overall performance score in theoretical knowledge did not change significantly (p>0.05) but the practical skills suffered much especially in time trend (p<0.05). Novelty: It was found that a high level of the reactive anxiety negatively affects the students' adaptive capabilities and the education quality. The specificity of programs at different faculties can determine the state of the students' psychological status. Findings:Timely transition to online classes during pandemics helps to preserve the students' mental well-being and the quality of the educational process. The duration of distance learning for a practical course should not exceed 25% of the whole course. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-SPER-07 Full Text: PDF
Risk factors for visceral leishmaniasis in selected high endemic areas of Morang, Nepal: A case control study
Authors: Mandal Punam Kumari , Wagle Rajendra Raj , Uranw Surendra , Thakur Ajoy Kumar 
Published: July 2021

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis is a major public health concern in Nepal. During the last few years, several Kala-azar outbreaks have been reported from Terai region including Morang district, Nepal.
Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the risk factors associated with Kala-azar at individual and household levels in selected highly endemic areas of Morang district of eastern Nepal.
Methodology: A case control study was conducted in five endemic village development committees of Morang district with 62 cases already treated from B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences and Koshi Zonal Hospital. Two hundred and forty eight controls were selected randomly from the same village at the ratio of 1:4. Data was collected between September and November 2013 using structured questionnaires. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were done and the final model was selected using the backward elimination strategy.
Results: This study showed that the majority of cases (29.0%) were from the 13-25 years age group, males are more than females and indigenous caste (74.2%) were affected more than other caste. Living in thatched house (OR 4.57, 95% CI 1.91-10.93), ownership of animal (OR 3.95, 95% CI 1.87-8.37), sleeping on the ground floor (OR 3.90, 95% CI 1.83-8.31), history of migration to India and proximity to other Kala-azar cases within 50 metres distance of household were significant risk factors for visceral leishmaniasis. The association with socioeconomic status remained significant and there was a clear dose – response effect.
Conclusion: Living in thatched house, ownership of animals, sleeping on the ground floor, history of migration to India, proximity to other Kala-azar cases within 50 metres distance and poverty are the main risk factors associated with visceral leishmaniasis transmission.
Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates from quantitative culture of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with clinical suspicion of pneumonia
Authors: Jha Beena , Sharma Manisha , Sapkota Jyotshna , Pant Subash , Neopane Arpana 
Published: July 2021

Background: The common bacterial pathogens isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) include Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Coagulase negative Staphylococcus.
Objectives: This study was conducted to identify pneumonia causing organisms and to determine their antibiogram.
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal over a period of one year (Aug 2019-Jul 2020). Ethical approval (Reference Number:1004201810) was taken and convenience samplin g was done using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) guidelines. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS) version 19.
Results: Out of 32 BAL samples, 14 were culture positive. The commonest bacterial pathogens isolated were Klebsiella Pneumoniae 6(42.85%), followed by Acinetobacter baumanii 5(35.71%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2(14.28%) and Coagulase negative Staphylococcus 1(7.14%). The isolates were 100% sensitive to Tigecycline and Polymixin B followed by Colistin(92.85%). Cotrimoxazole was 100% resistant to these isolates followed by Azithromycin (92.85%.
Conclusion: Klebsiella pneumomiae, Acinetobacter baumanii were the most common bacterial pathogens isolated from BAL.
Smartphone induced eye strain in young and healthy individuals
Authors: Nayak Rakhi , Sharma Ananda Kumar , Mishra Sanjeeb Kumar , Bhattarai Sanjeev , Sah Nirajan Kumar , Sanyam Sandip Das 
Published: July 2021

Background: Usage of digital devices has become one's basic need. Digital eye strain is repeatedly noticed sequelae in optometry practice.
Objectives: This study aims to estimate the different aspects of eye strain.
Methodology: Altogether, 55 students with a mean age of 21.25 years, vision (≥6/9) were enrolled. A survey related to common asthenopic (eyestrain) symptoms was carried before and after reading an extract from a novel. Accommodative facility and non-invasive first tear breakup (NTBUT) time were measured before and after the reading. The viewing distance to a smartphone was measured every 20 minute.
Results: The total eye strain symptom score was significantly greater post-experiment (score = 7.07±2.84) than pre-experiment (score = 1.54±1.60, p < 0.001). Symptoms of tired eyes, sore eyes, and sleepy eyes increased significantly after 60 min of a smartphone use (p < 0.05). The mean viewing distance while using a smartphone over 60 min was 30.15 ± 3.29 cm. There was a significant correlation between change in total symptom score and change in viewing distance (r = ˗0.301, p = 0.026). The symptom that correlated with a change in viewing distance was ‘sore eyes’ (r = ˗0.382, p = 0.04) and sleepy eyes (r= ˗0.363, p=0.06). There was a significant decrease in monocular and binocular accommodative facilities and NTBUT after 60 min of reading.
Conclusion: Closer viewing distance and eyestrain symptoms are obvious after a smartphone reading. Prolonged use of smartphones appears to have important implications for accommodative function, causing ocular symptoms having an impact on quality of life.
Apical tissue resection in triangle operation during Whipple’s surgery
Authors: Maharjan Dhiresh Kumar , Ghimire Roshan , Limbu Yugal , Regmee Sujan , Parajuli Anuj , Thapa Prabin Bikram , Shrestha Suman Kumar 
Published: July 2021

Background: In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, standardised concepts of radical surgical clearance have not been universally applied.
Objectives: The main objective of this study is to reveal the status of circumferential resection margin of the apical tissue of the triangle namely the confluence of SMA and coeliac trunk in relation to circumferential resection margin of triangle tissue bounded by superior mesenteric artery, common hepatic artery and portal vein when performing the TRIANGLE operation.
Methodology: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted at Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, from September 2020 to December 2020. The study was done after ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Committee of Kathmandu Medical College. All consecutive patients who were subjected for Whipple’s operation for pancreatic head and uncinate process were included.
Results: Fifteen patients underwent the “TRIANGLE” operation during a four months period. Median age of the patients was 65 ± 13.34 years (range 32–84 years). Medianpreoperative BMI 21.75± 2.5 (range: 18 to 26.7). Regarding histopathological results, an R0 resection was achieved in 9/15 patients. In nine patients,circumferential resection margin(CRM) of both the apical tissue and the rest of the triangle was negative. In the next three patients, the CRM of apical tissue was negative but the triangle tissue was positive whereas in the other three patients CRM of both the apical tissue and the triangle tissue were positive.
Conclusion: This study emphasises the importance of inclusion of apical tissue dissection at the confluence of SMA and coeliac trunk in order to achieve R0 resection without significant short-term morbidity. However, a long-term follow is awaited.
Cesárea en el Perú: Presente y futuro.
Authors: Távara Orozco Luis 
Published: July 2021

La cesárea es una intervención quirúrgica cuyo propósito es extraer artificialmente al feto a través de la vía abdominal, incidiendo en el útero. Se ha escrito que esta operación se remonta a muchos siglos atrás. En Roma antigua era una obligación efectuarla en la mujer embarazada una vez muerta. Se ha dicho que Julio César nació a través de esa intervención, pero es un hecho difícil de aceptar, puesto que su madre vivió muchos años después de que él naciera. La primera cesárea en el Perú fue realizada en la Maternidad de Lima por el Dr. Camilo Segura el año 1861, en una paciente fallecida durante el parto. El 31 de Mayo de 1931 en la Maternidad de Lima el Dr. Alberto Barton practicó una cesárea obteniendo un recién nacido vivo. La madre falleció a las pocas horas. En 1926 el Dr. Ricardo Palma realizó la primera cesárea en Chiclayo. Entre los años 1927 y 1936 el Dr. Manuel Jesús Castañeda efectuó la primera cesárea en Arequipa y en 1931 el Dr. Callo Zeballos hizo lo mismo en el Cuzco. La primera cesárea segmentaria en el Perú fue practicada en el Hospital Maternidad de Lima por el Dr. Víctor Bazul Fonseca en 1937. Ese mismo año es practicada en el Hospital de Bellavista Callao por el Dr. Froilán Villamón.
EDITORIAL: Reflexiones sobre el aborto.
Authors: Tang Bruigget Luis 
Published: July 2021

La vida y la Salud son los dones más preciados que tenemos, pero muchas veces no nos preocupamos en conservarlas. El aborto es un drama con variados finales. Uno de ellos es la tragedia del aborto inducido y sus consecuencias, que puede terminar con la vida de la mujer. El tema del aborto, desde cualquier aspecto que se estudie, es motivo de opiniones muchas veces discrepantes, sean estas sociales, familiares, médicas, éticas o morales, pues cada cual tiene un concepto particular sobre el problema.
Paternidad responsable.
Authors: Bellido Percy 
Published: July 2021

La Paternidad Responsable (PR) es una realidad de constante actualidad y su trascendencia es tal, que nuestra constitución la menciona. A nivel mundial, la ONU y la iglesia católica se han ocupado del tema por haber estado dedicado el año 1994 a la familia. Intentar una definición de PR es encontrarse con opiniones cuya diferencia radica en la profundidad de la materia, pues algunos utilizan parcialmente el concepto para justificar sus objetivos institucionales. El presente artículo profundiza en la esencia del tema y su autor, siendo médico cristiano, expresa su convicción y experiencia adquirida en el país y en el extranjero, sobre Salud Reproductiva.
Histerectomía vaginal asistida por laparoscopía. Informe preliminar sobre 12 casos.
Authors: Seminario Jaime 
Published: July 2021

Este estudio es un examen crítico de los resultados, indicaciones y complicaciones de la histerectomía vaginal asistida por laparoscopía, técnica que se está introduciendo en nuestro país, con disminución del número días de hospitalización, del dolor postoperatorio y con cicatrices mínimas.
Técnica de Burch en el tratamiento de la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo.
Authors: Novoa Salomón 
Published: July 2021

Se retira la técnica de Burch para el manejo de la incontinencia de esfuerzo en 3OO pacientes operadas en la ciudad de Chiclayo, con seguimiento de 20 años en 240 de ellas. La gran mayoría de las pacientes estuvo por encima de los 40 años y tenía más de 4 partos. Hubo 87% de curación de la incontinencia y 13% de fracasos. En conclusión, creemos que el procedimiento quirúrgico de Burch es fácil de realizar y es una excelente alternativa en el manejo de la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo.
Abdomen agudo ginecoobstétrico: Experiencia en el Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, IPSS.
Authors: Alva José , Pacheco José 
Published: July 2021

OBJETIVO: Revisar casos de abdomen agudo ginecoobstétrico (AAGO) intervenidos quirúrgicamente. DISEÑO: Estudio retrospectivo. LUGAR: Servicios de Emergencia de Obstetricia y de Cirugía del Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martíns, IPSS. PACIENTES E INTIERVENCIONES.- Cientoun pacientes intervenidas quirúrgicamente de abdomen agudo gineco-obstétrico. RESULTADOS.- El AA GO más frecuente en nuestro hospital fue el hemorrágico, principalmente el embarazo ectópico complicado, seguido del AAGO vascular, especialmente debido a quiste de ovario a pedículo torcido; y la mayoría de los AAGO infeccioso inflamatorios fueron realmente anexitis, por lo que no merecieron una laparotomía. Existía patología dependiente de ovario en un tercio de los casos, la mayoría por quiste a pedículo torcido y que terminaron en ooforectomía. Hubo un caso de hidrosalpinx con torsión. La patología asociada a gestación, parto o puerperio ocurrió en la mitad de los casos y consistió en embarazo ectópico roto en la mayoría de los casos, habiendo menos casos de apendicitis aguda, quistes de ovario apedículo torcido, rotura uterina, perforaciones uterinas, hemorragias postcesárea, pelviperitonitis por aborto séptico, parametritis puerperal, obstrucción íntestinal y traumatismo abdominal cerrado. CONCLUSIONES.- La mujer en edad reproductiva es susceptible de presentar enfermedades abdominopelvianas que requieren cirugía de emergencia. El diagnóstico de abdomen agudo en la mujer puede complicarse por la presencia de una gestación. El manejo del AAGO requiere experiencia, buen criterio diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno. La ecografía y la laparoscopía implementadas en la sala de emergencia, apoyadas por pruebas especiales, como las gonadotrofinas coriónicas subunidad beta y exámenes hematológicos, pueden perfeccionar el diagnóstico preoperatorio.
Prematuridad y bajo peso al nacer: Experiencia en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia.
Authors: Trelles Juan 
Published: July 2021

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo parcial, longitudinal, comparativo, observacional evaluando a 2155 recién nacidos de un total de 18808, cuyo parto ocurrió entre enero de 1984 y diciembre de 1987 en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia. La incidencia de recién nacido pretérmino (RNPT) fue 4,92 % y la de bajo peso de (RNBP) 7,4%. De estos, 4,7% correspondieron a recién nacidos pretérmino de bajo peso (RNPBP). El riesgo de un nacimiento pretérmino de bajo peso, se ve influenciado por factores demográficos (paridad, grado de instrucción), antecedentes maternos (mala historia obstétrica, prematuros, toxemia e hipertensión) y complicaciones de la gestación actual. Entre las complicaciones médicas asociadas a la gestación destacaron la desnutrición, anemia e infecciones intercurrentes. Los recién nacidos pretérmino de bajo peso, se asocian significativamente a las gestaciones de mayor riesgo obstétrico, sin control prenatal a una elevada incidencia de hipoxia neonatal severa, así como a mayores tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad perinatal
Formación de líderes en salud reproductiva de la mujer.
Authors: Ludmir Abraham , Castellano Carlos , Cervantes René , Jeffersson Luz , Pacheco José , Távara Luis 
Published: July 2021

La Sociedad Peruana de Obstetricia y Ginecología a través de su comité permanente de formación de líderes en ginecoobstetricia propone el presente proyecto con el propósito de profundizar y ampliar conocimientos y destrezas en la especialidad de ginecoobtetricia especialmente en los campos de la perinatología, Reproducción Humana y Oncología Ginecológica. Se propone desarrollar un programa anual que ofrezca la oportunidad de médicos jóvenes que hayan concluido su residentado de obstetricia y ginecología o a médicos ginecoobstetras que están ejerciendo en algún hospital del MINSA o del IPSS, quienes a través de un proceso de selección obtengan becas para desarrollar conocimientos, destrezas, responsabilidades y capacidad de liderazgo en los campos de la reproducción humana, Perinatología y oncología, para lo cual deben ser asignados a un hospital docente precalificado durante un año.
RELAÇÕES CÁLCIO:MAGNÉSIO E CARACTERÍSTICAS QUÍMICAS DO SOLO SOB CULTIVO DE SOJA E MILHO
Authors: Lange Anderson , Cavalli Edilson , Spaziani Pereira Cassiano , Vinicius Chapla Marcos , Da Silva Freddi Onã 
Published: July 2021

Estudou-se as relações Ca:Mg no solo e o desenvolvimento da soja e milho. Conduziu-se em vasos com solo seis tratamentos variando a relação Ca:Mg no solo de 01:01, 02:01, 03:01, 04:01, 05:01 e 06:01 e cinco repetições, por meio da incubação do solo com calcário calcítico e dolomítico, na dose final de 8 ton ha-1. O solo foi incubado e amostrado aos 45, 90, 200 e 300 dias. Após os 90 dias de incubação semeou-se a soja a qual foi colhida no final do ciclo. Em sequência semeou-se o milho, o qual também foi colhido. As relações Ca:Mg mais altas no solo (≥04:01) durante o cultivo da soja afetaram positivamente a altura e a massa das plantas; já a produção final de grãos foi superior nas relações 02:01, 04:01 e 01:01, resultado da quantidade de vagens e da massa de mil grãos. No milho a massa da planta e a quantidade de grãos por espiga foram superiores nas relações ≥04:01 e a produção final foi inferior na relação 06:01. Conclui-se que a soja pode ser cultivada numa relação Ca:Mg mais ampla e no milho, relações entre 03:01 a 05:01, favorecem a estrutura vegetativa da planta e produção.
Palavras-chave: calagem; incubação; nutrição; calcário.

Calcium:magnesium ratio and chemical characteristics of soil under crop of soy and corn

ABSTRACT: Soil Ca:Mg ratios and soybean and corn development were studied. Six treatments were conducted in pots with soil, varying the Ca:Mg ratio in the soil from 01:01, 02:01, 03:01, 04:01, 05:01 and 06:01 and five repetitions, by incubating the soil with calcitic and dolomitic limestone, in the final rate of 8 ton ha-1. The soil was incubated and sampled at 45, 90, 200 and 300 days. After 90 days of incubation, soy was sown, which was harvested at the end of the cycle. In sequence, corn was sown, which was also harvested. The highest Ca:Mg ratios in the soil (≥04:01) during soybean cultivation positively affected plant height and mass; the final grain production was higher in the 02:01, 04:01 and 01:01 ratios, the result of the quantity of pods and the mass of a thousand grains. In corn, the plant mass and the amount of grains per ear were higher in the ratio ≥04:01 and the final production was lower in the ratio 06:01. It is concluded that soybeans can be grown in a wider Ca:Mg ratio and in corn, ratios between 03:01 to 05:01, favor the vegetative structure of the plant and production.
Keywords: liming; incubation; nutrition; limestone.
DÉFICIT HÍDRICO E A GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES DE HÍBRIDOS DE MILHO
Authors: Henrique Ivanildo Guilherme , Bosqueiro Rafael Orlandini , Kotsubo Rafael Massaru , Campos Botelho Silvia de Carvalho 
Published: July 2021

Considerando a importância da água no processo de germinação de sementes, as condições adversas de umidade afetam diretamente o processo germinativo. Para tanto, objetivou-se avaliar a influência do deficit hídrico na germinação e vigor de sementes de dois genótipos comerciais de milho, induzido por diferentes potenciais osmóticos. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizados (DIC), arranjado em esquema fatorial duplo 2x5, com quatro repetições, avaliando híbridos de milho (DKB255PRO3 e DKB390PRO2), submetidos a germinação sob condições de déficit hídrico, em cinco níveis de potencial osmótico (0, -0,6, -1,2, -1,8 e -2,4 MPa). Cada unidade experimental constituiu-se por um rolo de papel germitest contendo 50 sementes. Utilizou-se NaCl como agente osmótico indutor de deficiência hídrica as sementes. Avaliou-se a germinação, vigor de sementes e o desenvolvimento inicial das plântulas, em termos de comprimento e biomassa. O déficit hídrico, simulado com solução de cloreto de sódio, provoca redução no desempenho de sementes de híbridos de milho. Os genótipos de milho respondem diferentemente quanto a tolerância a condições de estresse provocado por indisponibilidade de água durante a germinação. O híbrido DKB390PRO2 apresenta germinação e crescimento de plântulas superior quando submetido a diferentes níveis de potencial osmótico de NaCl.
Palavras-chave: viabilidade de sementes; restrição hídrica; Zea mays.

Effect of water deficit on the maize seed germination

ABSTRACT: Considering the importance of water in the seed germination process and knowing that conditions will not always be the most adequate to the germination process, the objective was to evaluate the influence of water deficit on germination and vigor in seeds of different commercial corn genotypes induced by different osmotic potentials. A completely randomized experimental design (D.I.C) was used, arranged in a 2x5 double factorial scheme, with four replications. Each experimental unit was constituted by a roll containing 50 seeds, made in germitest paper. Two maize seed hybrids (DKB255PRO3 and DKB390PRO2) were evaluated, submitted to germination under water deficit conditions, with levels 0; -0,6. -1,2; -1,8 and -2,4 MPa of osmotic potential. NaCl was used as osmotic agent inducing water deficiency in seeds. Germination, seed vigor and initial seedling development were evaluated in terms of length and biomass. The water deficit simulated with sodium chloride solution, causes a reduction in the performance of maize hybrids seeds. Corn genotypes respond differently to tolerance to stress conditions caused by unavailability of water during germination. The hybrid DKB390PRO2 presents superior germination and seedling growth when submitted to different levels of osmotic NaCl potential.
Keywords: viability; water restriction; Zea mays.
Family Life in Tunisia after the Revolution of 2011
Authors: Maffi Irene 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPostcolonial Tunisia has gone through substantial transformations of its legal and socio-economic structures. Habib Bourguiba began the work of social and juridical engineering aimed to make the independent state a modern country, contributing to profound changes in family structures. In this article, I intend to investigate the family life of two women and two men with whom I established friendships during the fieldwork I carried out in Tunisia between 2013 and 2014. Examining the relationships of my interlocutors with their family members, I will depict an ethnographic portrait of a few Tunisian families. While they are not representative of Tunisian society, they nevertheless allow insight into a specific sector of it and help understand the effects of the revolution of 2011 on family structures.