bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional status significantly affects toxicological endpoints in the CDC bottle bioassay
Authors: Norris Edmund J , Bloomquist Jeffrey R 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe CDC Bottle Bioassay serves as an inexpensive and effective way to screen field‐caught mosquitoes against a wide variety of insecticidal active ingredients and commercial formulations, with the goal of detecting resistant individuals. For this study, we assessed how sucrose‐water (10% w/v) feeding status impacted the response of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes to select insecticides.RESULTSStarvation for 24 or 48 h decreased permethrin and malathion mean survival time by about 40%, with little difference in the two starvation times. Similar findings were also observed in a pyrethroid‐resistant Puerto Rico strain challenged with permethrin, but these effects were less pronounced. To test the impact of mosquito weight, we measured weight under different 48‐h nutritional conditions and found that sugar‐water‐fed and sugar‐only‐fed individuals were approximately the same weight (ANOVA, Bonferroni post‐test P value >0.999) and that individuals fed water only were considerably lighter than either sugar‐water‐fed (ANOVA, Bonferroni post‐test P value = 0.034) or sugar‐only‐fed individuals (ANOVA, Bonferroni post‐test P value = 0.027) but equal in weight to starved mosquitoes (ANOVA, Bonferroni post‐test P value >0.99). Of the nutritional challenges, water‐only‐fed mosquitoes were the most insecticide tolerant (ANOVA, Bonferroni post‐test P values to all other treatments <0.01).CONCLUSIONSThe results indicate insect nutritional status is an important experimental variable, particularly the hydration status of mosquitoes shortly before insecticide exposure. Moreover, as significant differences were observed between starved and component‐fed (water, sugar, or sugar and water) mosquitoes in a pyrethroid‐resistant strain, some caution is appropriate when interpreting resistance/susceptibility diagnoses with this bioassay. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Pneumonia rebound after stopping steroid in a patient with COVID‐19: A case report
Authors: Chen Po‐Hao , Cheng Chun‐Yuan , Li Li‐Fu , Yu Chung‐Chieh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPatients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) can develop a systemic inflammatory response that can lead to lung injury and multisystem organ dysfunction. The current treatment guideline recommends the use of corticosteroids in patients who require supplemental oxygen or are mechanically ventilated. This study reports a patient with severe COVID‐19 pneumonia. Initially, the patient was treated with dexamethasone for 10 days and remdesivir for 5 days. There was clinical improvement following the treatments. However, on day 15, the patient experienced rebound pneumonia and clinical deterioration. His clinical condition improved until dexamethasone was re‐administered. This case demonstrates the rebound phenomenon after the steroid was discontinued. The duration and timing of steroids are crucial to reduce the risk of prolonged systemic inflammation and rebound pneumonia.
CCAKESC: Chaotic map‐based construction of a new authenticated key exchange protocol for satellite communication
Authors: Kumar Uddeshaya , Garg Manish 
Published: October 2021

SummaryRecently, many authentication schemes were proposed by researchers in the satellite communication environment. Unfortunately, several types of security flaws occur in relative works (Qi et al., 2019; Xu, 2019; Liu et al., 2017; Altaf et al., 2020), such as off‐line guessing attacks, smart card stolen attacks and replay attacks. In this paper, we proposed a secure authentication technique based on chaotic maps to solve these drawbacks. To establish the security of the proposed scheme, we employ formal proof under the random oracle model. In addition, an informal study with various security properties is provided to augment the security characteristics. Furthermore, we compare our protocol to several current schemes and demonstrate that our plan meets the security criteria while being cost‐effective. As a result, it is more suited to the satellite communication environment.
A Fluorescent Probe Based on Polyethyleneimine Protected Copper Nanoclusters for the Assay of Tetracycline Hydrochloride and Vitamin B12
Authors: Yu Weihua , Qin Yongjun , Fan Yucong , Wang Zhonghua , Cheng Zhengjun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA water‐soluble and polyethyleneimine protected copper nanoclusters (CuNCs@PEI) was prepared by one‐step ultraviolet radiation (UVI) combined with microwave heating (MWH) method, and the influence of different energy suppliers on the CuNCs@PEI luminescence performance was investigated in detail. The as‐prepared CuNCs@PEI could be used as a viable fluorescent probe for sensitive and selective mensurating TCH (tetracycline hydrochloride)/VB12 (vitamin B12) with a linear response in the range of 0.33–66.67/0.33‐53.33 μmol L−1, and corresponding limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were calculated to be 55.50/56.34 and 184.82/187.61 nmol L−1. The fluorescence (FL) quenching of CuNCs@PEI by TCH/VB12 came from the combination of FRET (Förster resonance energy transfer) and IFE (inner filter effect). Moreover, the probe was successfully extended to the assays of TCH in veterinary powder or TCH tablets and VB12 in oral liquid or VB12 tablets with satisfactory results compared to the standard HPLC method. Besides, the CuNCs@PEI probe exhibited a good temperature sensing.
A Convenient Method for α‐Chlorination of 1,3‐Diketones and β‐Keto Esters with DMSO or Ph2SO/(COCl)2
Authors: Xi Zeyu , Liu Yuanjian , Wang Hao , Guan Di , Liu Yongguo , Sun Baoguo , Tian Hongyu , Liang Sen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIt has been found that the monochlorination of most of 1,3‐diketones and β‐ketoesters under investigation can be achieved using DMSO or Ph2SO/(COCl)2 at −20∼0 °C in moderate to high yields. The 1,3‐diketones, which enol forms are stabilized by an intramolecular hydrogen bond, bulky β‐ketoesters, and α‐monoalkylated 1,3‐dicarbonyls undergo chlorination well with DMSO/(COCl)2, whereas the chlorination of the less bulky β‐ketoesters needs Ph2SO/(COCl)2 instead. The chlorodimethylsulfonium salt or chlorodiphenylsulfonium salt generated by the reaction of DMSO or Ph2SO with (COCl)2 is proposed as a Cl+ source for chlorination, which provides a convenient access to the monochlorination of 1,3‐dicarbonyls.
Hydrophobically Modified Alginate Derivatives via the Ugi Multicomponent Reaction for the Development of Hydrophobic Pharmaceutical Formulations
Authors: Wen Yanshi , Chen Xiuqiong , Liu Zhaowen , Zhu Qingmei , Li Zhengyue , He Guoqing , Yan Huiqiong , Lin Qiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this work, the hydrophobically modified alginate derivative (HMAD) was synthesized by using sodium alginate, cyclohexyl isocyanide, octylamine and propionaldehyde instead of formaldehyde, based on previous explorations of the Ugi reaction for the modification of alginate. Experimental results revealed that the successful grafting of the hydrophobic chains onto the alginate molecular backbone via the Ugi reaction had weakened and destroyed the intramolecular hydrogen bonds, thus enhancing the molecular flexibility of alginate, which endowed the HMAD with good amphiphilic property with the critical aggregation concentration (CAC) of 0.44 g/L. Moreover, the resultant HMAD could form the stable self‐aggregated micelles with the spherical shape due to the intra or intermolecular hydrophobic associations. Its average hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential were 458 nm (PDI=0.26) and −61.4 mV, respectively, which was able to achieve the loading and sustained‐release of hydrophobic ibuprofen. Meanwhile, HMAD had no significant cytotoxicity to the murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Based on the above merits, the synthesized HMAD could exhibit great potential for the development of hydrophobic pharmaceutical formulations.
Functional neurorehabilitation in a dog with acute non‐compressive nucleus pulposus extrusion
Authors: de Oliveira Miranda Daniela Beatriz , Neves Rocha Martins Ângela Paula , Diniz Renata 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this case report, the functional neurorehabilitation protocol used to treat a non‐ambulatory dog with a presumptive acute non‐compressive nucleus pulposus extrusion (ANNPE) in C4–C5 spinal cord segment, of traumatic aetiology, is described.The protocol was divided into three phases with different primary aims: pain and muscle hypertonicity management (Phase I), skill acquisition and proprioceptive enhancement (Phase II), and enhanced motor control, strength and endurance training (Phase III). The clinical presentation dictated the time frame for each phase. The expected outcome of the protocol was to increase the dog's quality of life and return ambulatory functionality. The treatment persisted for 210 days, nevertheless after roughly 60 days, the dog became ambulatory. Currently, there is no evidence of sequelae from this injury.This approach may shed light on an effective rehabilitation protocol of these injuries in dogs. Clinicians may consider the neurorehabilitation treatment priority to achieve maximal functional recovery.
Talking Different Languages of Value
Authors: Oman Susan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCultural advocacy communicates the values of the cultural sector, often relying on economic valuations, which can feel like a different language. This chapter ‘follows the data’ in a valuation of the culture–well-being relationship. It contextualises why the research was commissioned and the data’s origins: how they were collected, as well as the processes and decisions made in analysing the data. The chapter follows the findings in two ways: discovering changed meanings, when reproduced in media reporting; and discovering different findings, when reproduced by another researcher. The chapter’s step-by-step approach opens the black box of these data processes, asking if data used like this can beimpartial. Are there limits to how they progress understanding of well-being in social and cultural policy?
Slow-Goldstone mode generated by order from quantum disorder and its experimental detection
Authors: Sun Fadi , Ye Jinwu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The order from quantum disorders (OFQD) phenomenon is well-known and ubiquitous in particle physics and frustrated magnetic systems. Typically, OFQD transfers a spurious Goldstone mode into a pseudo-Goldstone mode with a tiny gap. Here, we report an opposite phenomenon: OFQD transfers a spurious quadratic mode into a true linear Goldstone mode with a very small velocity (named slow-Goldstone mode). This new phenomenon is demonstrated in an interacting bosonic system subjected to an Abelian flux. We develop a new and systematic OFQD analysis to determine the true quantum ground state and the whole excitation spectrum. In the weak-coupling limit, the superfluid ground state has a 4-sublattice 90° coplanar spin structure, which supports 4 linear Goldstone modes with 3 different velocities. One of which is generated by the OFQD is much softer than the other 3 Goldstone modes, so it can be easily detected in the cold atom or photonic experiments. In the strong-coupling limit, the ferromagnetic Mott ground state with a true quadratic Goldstone mode. We speculate that there could be some topological phases intervening between the two symmetry broken states. These novel phenomena may be observed in the current cold-atom or photonic experiments subjected to an Abelian flux at the weak coupling limit where the heatings may be well under control. Possible connections to Coleman-Weinberg potential in particle physics, 1/N expansion of Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev models and zero temperature quantum black hole entropy are outlined.
Beeinflussung der psychosozialen Entwicklung von Kindern und Jugendlichen durch das Tragen von Gesichtsmasken im öffentlichen Raum zur Prävention von Infektionskrankheiten: Ein systematischer Review
Authors: Freiberg Alice , Horvath Katy , Hahne Taurai Monalisa , Drössler Stephanie , Kämpf Daniel , Spura Anke , Buhs Bernhard , Reibling Nadine , De Bock Freia , Apfelbacher Christian , Seidler Andreas 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Zur Prävention tröpfchenübertragener Infektionskrankheiten wird das Tragen einer Maske im öffentlichen Raum unter bestimmten Bedingungen empfohlen.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel war, über eine sensitive Literatursuche möglichst alle deutsch- und englischsprachigen Forschungsergebnisse aus begutachteten Fachzeitschriftenartikeln zu den Auswirkungen des Masketragens zur Prävention von Infektionen auf die psychosoziale Entwicklung von Kindern und Jugendlichen zusammenzutragen.

Methoden
Es wurde ein systematischer Review unter Berücksichtigung verschiedener Studiendesigns durchgeführt (Suchzeitraum bis einschließlich 12.07.2021). Das Verzerrungsrisiko der Studien wurde mit einem Risk-of-Bias-Verfahren ermittelt. Es fand eine deskriptiv-narrative Ergebnissynthese statt.

Ergebnisse
Es wurden 13 Studien eingeschlossen, wobei das Gesamtverzerrungsrisiko in allen Primärstudien als hoch eingeschätzt wurde. Es gibt Hinweise aus Befragungsstudien, dass die Fähigkeit zum Lesen der Mimik von Kindern/Jugendlichen und/oder ihren Betreuer:innen im (Vor‑)Schulsetting durch das Masketragen als beeinträchtigt erlebt wird, die durch mehrere Experimentalstudien bestätigt wurden. 2 Studien berichteten über psychische Symptome wie Ängste oder Stresserleben sowie Konzentrations- und Lernschwierigkeiten durch das Masketragen während der COVID-19-Pandemie. Eine Studie während der SARS-Pandemie 2002/2003 untersuchte mündliche Prüfungsleistungen in Englisch als Fremdsprache und zeigte keinen Unterschied zwischen den Bedingungen „Maske“ versus „keine Maske“.

Diskussion
Zu den Auswirkungen des Masketragens auf verschiedene Entwicklungsbereiche von Kindern und Jugendlichen lassen sich basierend auf der unzureichenden Studienlage nur wenige Erkenntnisse ableiten. Es fehlen Forschungsdaten zu den Folgen für die Endpunkte psychische Entwicklung, Sprachentwicklung, sozioemotionale Entwicklung, soziales Verhalten, Schulerfolg und Teilhabe. Weitere qualitative Studien und epidemiologische Studien sind unbedingt nötig.
Changes in physico-mechanical properties of water caltrop fruit (Trapa natans L.) during the drying process
Authors: Toma Cezary , Kukliński Mariusz , Dajdok Zygmunt 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe cosmopolitan water caltrop plant (Trapa natans L.) produces nuts, which in the maturing process develop very hard pericarps. This hardness, together with structure and shape (external spikes) of pericarp and seed, and the water contained in the fruit are responsible for their mechanical properties. This study determined the force needed to break Trapa natans nuts at various drying stages, with tests having been carried out at weekly intervals until the fruit dried completely. The amount of force necessary for cracking nuts at each of the 6 drying stages was determined, as well as the work of crushing calculated until the greatest compressive force (crushing force) was reached. The force needed to rupture the hydrated fruit in the horizontal plane was higher than that necessary for the rupture of dried fruit. The experiment showed that the maximum force needed to crush the fruit was 828.7 N and occurred when crushing the fruit after 2 weeks of drying, while the largest calculated crushing work was 2185.5 mJ for the same fruit. Other strength parameters were introduced to characterize mechanical properties of water caltrop in a more extensive scope. These are hardness defined as a ratio of compressive force increment to strain increment, specific crushing energy defined as a ratio of crushing work to water caltrop’s mass, and unit crashing force defined as a ratio of crushing force to caltrop’s thickness. All these parameters reached their highest mean values for pericarps after 2 weeks of desiccation. Mass measurements were also applied in modelling the desiccation process by the exponential function. The very dense pericarp material, after reaching maturity, slightly changes during drying. It can be used industrially as an extremely durable and biodegradable biological material. Results also suggest that the great evolutionary success of the species may result from the ability of the pericarp to protect its seeds, leading to the spread of this species in aquatic environments.
Efficient well placement optimization under uncertainty using a virtual drilling procedure
Authors: Kristoffersen Brage S. , Silva Thiago L. , Bellout Mathias C. , Berg Carl Fredrik 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn Automatic Well Planner (AWP) is used to efficiently adjust pre-determined well paths to honor near-well properties and increase overall production. AWP replicates modern geosteering decision-making where adjustments to pre-programmed well paths are driven by continuous integration of data obtained from logging-while-drilling and look-ahead technology. In this work, AWP is combined into a robust optimization scheme to develop trajectories that follow reservoir properties in a more realistic manner compared to common well representations for optimization purposes. Core AWP operation relies on an artificial neural network coupled with a geology-based feedback mechanism. Specifically, for each well path candidate obtained from an outer-loop optimization procedure, AWP customizes trajectories according to the particular geological near-well properties of each realization in an ensemble of models. While well placement searches typically rely on linear well path representations, AWP develops customized trajectories by moving sequentially from heel to the toe. Analog to realistic drilling operations, AWP determines subsequent trajectory points by efficiently processing neighboring geological information. Studies are performed using the Olympus ensemble. AWP and the two derivative-free algorithms used in this work, Asynchronous Parallel Pattern Search (APPS) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), are implemented using NTNU’s open-source optimization framework FieldOpt. Results show that, with both APPS and PSO, the AWP solutions outperform the solutions obtained with a straight-line parameterization in all the three tested well placement optimization scenarios, which varied from the simplest scenario with a sole producer in a single-realization environment to a scenario with the full ensemble and multiple producers.
Inuit and Local Knowledge on the Marine Ecosystem in Ilulissat Icefjord, Greenland
Authors: Schiøtt Sascha , Tejsner Pelle , Rysgaard Søren 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe interview survey conducted in Ilulissat, Ilimanaq, and Qasigiannguit in Greenland during March–April 2019 showed that the local fishers are changing fishing strategies and adapting to a changing environment caused by climate change. The main fjord of Ilulissat Icefjord is usually filled with icebergs year-round, making it impossible to navigate. Currently, there are more ice clearing events in Ilulissat Icefjord during the winter than previously. The traditional pattern of going fishing using dogsled is changing and fishing from boats occurs, whenever the main fjord clears of ice. The poorer sea ice conditions in the southern branch of the fjord system, combined with the fact that it is increasingly challenging to reach fishing sites, have resulted in fishers from Qasigiannguit not going to the Icefjord as much as they used to. Ilulissat Icefjord is by any means considered important fishing and hunting ground by locals, as both Greenland halibut and ringed seals are known to be of larger size inside the fjord system, when compared to those caught in Disco Bay. The locals use Ilulissat Icefjord during a limited period of the year, and the fjord is therefore said to be protected from overexploitation. They observe the immediate effects of climate change from changes in the ice conditions, a change in the fjord's accessibility, and the occurrence of Atlantic cod, which were not present in the fjord system in such numbers before.
Intestinal Protein Characterisation of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Molecules ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and Fatal COVID-19 Infection
Authors: McAllister Milly J. , Kirkwood Kathryn , Chuah Shaun C. , Thompson Emily J. , Cartwright Jennifer A. , Russell Clark D. , Dorward David A. , Lucas Christopher D. , Ho Gwo-tzer 
Published: October 2021

Abstract—The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 contributes to morbidity and mortality mainly as a result of immune-pathology in the lungs. Recent data has shown multi-system involvement with widespread viral tropism. Here we present a detailed intestinal protein characterisation of SARS-Cov-2 entry molecules ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease ([IBD]; ulcerative colitis [UC] and Crohn’s disease [CD]) with age- and sex-matched non-IBD controls, and in those with fatal COVID-19 infection. In our dataset, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 displayed a membrane enterocyte staining in the ileum (due to presence of brush border/microvilli) in contrast to a cytoplasmic pattern in the colon. We also showed a high ACE2/low TMPRSS2 expression pattern in the ileum with a reverse trend in the colon. In UC, colonic ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are cytoplasmic in nature, with significantly higher ACE2 staining intensity compared to non-IBD controls. In inflamed and unaffected IBD mucosa, ileal and colonic enterocyte ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expressions are not modified in the histologic presence of inflammation. We observed immune cells within the lamina propria that expressed ACE2 and TMPRSS2, at higher frequencies in IBD when compared to non-IBD controls. These were identified as plasma cells with multiple myeloma oncogene 1/interferon regulatory factor 4 (MUM1/IRF4) expression. We further analysed the gut histology of six fatal COVID-19 cases, with no difference in colonic and ileal ACE2/TMRPSS2 staining (compared to non-IBD controls) and identified ACE2 + lamina propria plasma cells. Of interest, in this COVID-19 cohort, there was no histologic evidence gut inflammation despite known evidence of viral tropism within the enterocytes. Our data provides evidence for tissue expression of entry molecules ACE2 and TMPRSS2 including a close apposition to plasma cells — both pointing towards a role of the gut in the antecedent immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Empathy and Cognitive Processing as Factors Determining the Consequences of Secondary Exposure to Trauma Among Roman Catholic Clergymen
Authors: Juczyński Zygfryd , Ogińska-Bulik Nina , Binnebesel Józef 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBy helping individuals after traumatic experiences, the helper is also exposed to the consequences of trauma. The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of consequences of secondary exposure to trauma among clergymen and therapists (N = 140) helping victims of trauma in Poland. Symptoms of secondary traumatic stress (STS) were identified in 22.9% of the clergymen and 8.6% of therapists, and secondary posttraumatic growth (SPTG) in 61.4% of the clergymen and 42.9% of therapists. STS and SPTG predictors were identified based on regression models. In the case of clergymen, regret is a determinant of STS, and positive cognitive restructuring of SPTG. Research findings highlight the need to increase awareness of exposure to secondary trauma among the clergy, and for them to acquire greater skills for coping with stress.