bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profiles of Childhood Maltreatment: Associations with Sexual Risk Behavior during Adolescence in a Sample of Racial/Ethnic Minority Girls
Authors: Niu Li , Brown Joshua , Till Hoyt Lindsay , Salandy Anthony , Nucci‐Sack Anne , Shankar Viswanathan , Burk Robert D. , Schlecht Nicolas F. , Diaz Angela 
Published: January 2021

This study examines associations between childhood maltreatment and developmental trajectories of sexual risk behaviors (SRBs) in a sample of 882 sexually active adolescent girls, predominantly Hispanic or Black, assessed every 6 months between 13 and 23 years. Latent profile analyses revealed four distinct maltreatment profiles: Low Maltreatment (76%), Moderate Emotional Neglect Only (15%), Severe Physical/Emotional Abuse (3%), and Severe Sexual Abuse (6%). Multilevel growth analyses showed the Moderate Emotional Neglect Only and Severe Sexual Abuse profiles exhibited more SRBs starting in late adolescence, and the Severe Sexual Abuse profile also exhibited a faster increase than the Low Maltreatment profile. Understanding heterogeneity within maltreated populations may have important implications for healthy sexual development.
Individual Differences in the Stability and Change of Childhood Depression: A Growth Mixture Model With Structured Residuals
Authors: Hawrilenko Matt , Masyn Katherine E. , Cerutti Janine , Dunn Erin C. 
Published: January 2021

Studies of developmental trajectories of depression are important for understanding depression etiology. Existing studies have been limited by short time frames and no studies have explored a key factor: differential patterns of responding to life events. This article introduces a novel analytic technique, growth mixture modeling with structured residuals, to examine the course of youth depression in a large, prospective cohort (N = 11,641, ages 4–16.5, 96% White). Age‐specific critical points were identified at ages 8 and 13 where depression symptoms spiked for a minority of children. Most depression risk was due to dynamic responses to environmental events, drawn not from a small pool of persistently depressed children, but a larger pool of children who varied across higher and lower symptom levels.
Thinking Counterfactually Supports Children’s Evidence Evaluation in Causal Learning
Authors: Engle Jae , Walker Caren M. 
Published: January 2021

Often, the evidence we observe is consistent with more than one explanation. How do learners discriminate among candidate causes? The current studies examine whether counterfactuals help 5‐year olds (N = 120) select between competing hypotheses and compares the effectiveness of these prompts to a related scaffold. In Experiment 1, counterfactuals support evidence evaluation, leading children to privilege and extend the cause that accounted for more data. In Experiment 2, the hypothesis that accounted for the most evidence was pitted against children’s prior beliefs. Children who considered alternative outcomes privileged the hypothesis that accounted for more observations, whereas those who explained relied on prior beliefs. Findings demonstrate that counterfactuals recruit attention to disambiguating evidence and outperform explanation when data contrast with existing beliefs.
Longitudinal Effects of PostDivorce Interparental Conflict on Children’s Mental Health Problems Through Fear of Abandonment: Does Parenting Quality Play a Buffering Role?
Authors: O’Hara Karey L. , Rhodes C. Aubrey , Wolchik Sharlene A. , Sandler Irwin N. , Yun‐Tein Jenn 
Published: January 2021

In a sample of 559 children (ages 9–18), researchers investigated whether: (a) fear of abandonment mediated the association between postdivorce interparental conflict (IPC) and mental health problems, and (b) parent–child relationship quality moderated the association between IPC and fear of abandonment. Mediation analyses indicated that pretest IPC predicted fear of abandonment 3 months later, which then predicted child‐ and teacher‐reported mental health problems 10 months later. The hypothesized protective effect of a high‐quality parent–child relationship was not observed. IPC predicted fear of abandonment for all children, except for those with low‐ and moderate‐quality father–child relationships, for whom IPC was not significantly related to fear of abandonment. Findings highlight the need to optimize child coping programs and improve parenting‐after‐divorce programs to reduce IPC.
Allergen labelling: Current practice and improvement from a communication perspective
Authors: Blom W. Marty , van Dijk Liselotte M. , Michelsen‐Huisman Anouska , Houben Geert F. , Knulst André C. , Linders Yvette F. M. , Verhoeckx Kitty C. M. , Holleman Bregje C. , Lentz Leo R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundAllergen information on product labels is crucial in food allergy management, though inadequacy in current labelling practices is one of the major causes for accidental reactions upon consuming prepacked food products.ObjectiveThis study analyses current status of communicating allergen information on food labels and provides practical recommendations for improving the label format based on communication theory.MethodsProduct labels (N 288) of seven food categories from private label products and brands were obtained at three retailers in the Netherlands. Information regarding the 14 EU‐regulated allergens was evaluated by the frequency of emphasizing allergens in the ingredient list, use of precautionary allergen labelling (PAL), icons and an allergen information section. Effectiveness of communication was assessed evaluating readability and findability of information on allergens using principles of Gestalt and Cognitive Load theories.ResultsAs requested by EU regulation 1169/2011, emphasizing allergens in the ingredient list was almost 100%, all other presentations of information on allergens on labels was highly diverse. A separate allergen information section was present on most private label products. This section could, but not necessarily did, repeat allergens from the ingredient list and/or give a PAL. Brands often provided a PAL at the end of the ingredient list. Part of the products displayed an icon at different locations of the label. Label background, a lack of cohesion and variation in location of topics hamper the identification of relevant information on allergens by (allergic) consumers. Recommendations include a standardized order for mandatory and voluntary topics on the label and a separate allergen information section.Conclusion and clinical relevanceOverall, consumers encounter a wide and inconsistent range in ways of presentation of allergen information on labels. Standardization according to basic design principles can improve usability and support safe food purchases for allergic consumers.
Behçet disease, new insights in disease associations and manifestations: a next-generation sequencing study
Authors: Elfishawi M , Mossallam G , Augusto D G , Montero-Martin G , de Bruin H , Van de Pasch L , Norman P J , Rozemuller E , Fernandez-Vina M , Abrudescu A , Hollenbach J A , Zaky K , Elfishawi S 
Published: January 2021

Summary
Behçet disease is a multi-system disease associated with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I polymorphism. High-resolution next-generation sequencing (NGS) with haplotype analysis has not been performed previously for this disease. Sixty Egyptian patients diagnosed according to the International Study Group (ISG) criteria for Behçet disease and 160 healthy geographic and ethnic-matched controls were genotyped for HLA class I loci (HLA-A, B, C). For HLA class II loci (DRB1, DRB3/4/5, DQA1, DQB1, DPA1, DPB1), 40 control samples were genotyped. High-resolution HLA genotyping was performed using NGS and the results were analyzed. Clinical manifestations were oral ulcers (100%), genital ulcers (100%), eye (55%) and neurological (28%) and vascular involvement (35%). HLA-B*51:08 [odds ratio (OR) = 19·75, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 6·5–79; P &lt; 0·0001], HLA-B*15:03 (OR = 12·15, 95% CI = 3·7–50·7; P &lt; 0·0001), HLA-C*16:02 (OR = 6·53, 95% CI = 3–14; P &lt; 0·0001), HLA-A*68:02 (OR = 3·14, 95% CI = 1·1–8·9; P &lt; 0·01) were found to be associated with Behçet disease, as were HLA-DRB1*13:01 and HLA-DQB1*06:03 (OR = 3·39, 95% CI = 0·9–18·9; P = 0·04 for both). By contrast, HLA-A*03:01 (OR = 0·13, 95% CI = 0–0·8; P = 0·01) and HLA-DPB1*17:01 were found to be protective (OR = 0·27, 95% CI = 0·06–1·03; P = 0·02). We identified strong linkage disequilibrium between HLA-B*51:08 and C*16:02 and A*02:01 in a haplotype associated with Behçet disease. HLA-B*51:08 was significantly associated with legal blindness (OR = 2·98, 95% CI = 1·06–8·3; P = 0·01). In Egyptian Behçet patients, HLA-B*51:08 is the most common susceptibility allele and holds poor prognosis for eye involvement.
IRF5 regulates airway macrophage metabolic responses
Authors: Albers G J , Iwasaki J , McErlean P , Ogger P P , Ghai P , Khoyratty T E , Udalova I A , Lloyd C M , Byrne A J 
Published: January 2021

Summary
Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) is a master regulator of macrophage phenotype and a key transcription factor involved in expression of proinflammatory cytokine responses to microbial and viral infection. Here, we show that IRF5 controls cellular and metabolic responses. By integrating ChIP sequencing (ChIP-Seq) and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC)-seq data sets, we found that IRF5 directly regulates metabolic genes such as hexokinase-2 (Hk2). The interaction of IRF5 and metabolic genes had a functional consequence, as Irf5−/− airway macrophages but not bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were characterized by a quiescent metabolic phenotype at baseline and had reduced ability to utilize oxidative phosphorylation after Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3 activation, in comparison to controls, ex vivo. In a murine model of influenza infection, IRF5 deficiency had no effect on viral load in comparison to wild-type controls but controlled metabolic responses to viral infection, as IRF5 deficiency led to reduced expression of Sirt6 and Hk2. Together, our data indicate that IRF5 is a key component of AM metabolic responses following influenza infection and TLR-3 activation.
Clinics of ocular tuberculosis: A review
Authors: Betzler Bjorn Kaijun , Gupta Vishali , Agrawal Rupesh 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOcular tuberculosis (OTB) is an extrapulmonary mycobacterial infection, which still sees variations in incidence, manifestations, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. While the disease is gaining more recognition as a differential in ocular inflammation, it remains a difficult entity to detect and treat. Global efforts to synthesize and standardize the approach to OTB could prove useful in delivering quicker, more effective care. We summarize recent insights in appropriate nomenclature, clinical presentations, diagnostic modalities and courses of treatment.
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoproteinIgGassociated disorder: A comprehensive neuro‐ophthalmic review
Authors: Sharma Jaya , Bhatti M. Tariq , Danesh‐Meyer Helen V. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNeuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an antibody‐mediated inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that involves the optic nerves, spinal cord, and often other specific brain regions such as area postrema of the medulla. NMOSD was formerly classified as a variant of multiple sclerosis (MS), given the similar symptomatology and relapsing course but is now considered to have distinct clinical, paraclinical, immunological and prognostic features. The discovery of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) immunoglobulin G (IgG) has improved the ability to diagnose NMOSD. AQP4‐IgG targets the astrocytic AQP4 water channel leading to complement activation and increased blood‐brain barrier permeability. Accurate and early diagnosis is crucial as timely treatment may result in mitigation of long‐term disability. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)‐IgG associated disorder (MOGAD) is a distinct nosologic entity, which has been more recently described. Its clinical spectrum partly overlaps that of seronegative NMOSD and MS. Although it is considered to have fewer relapses and better prognosis than NMOSD, the clinical course and outcome of MOGAD has not been fully characterized.
Diabetic eye disease: A review of screening and management recommendations
Authors: Gale Michael J. , Scruggs Brittni A. , Flaxel Christina J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe prevalence of diabetes is rapidly increasing, and it is now the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Although early detection of diabetic retinopathy is key to preventing vision loss, many patients do not receive appropriate examinations. Using a multidisciplinary approach, primary care physicians and eye care providers should follow evidence‐based recommendations for screening and monitoring diabetic patients while working to improve patients' glycaemic index, blood pressure, and metabolic risk factors. Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor intravitreal injections in combination with panretinal photocoagulation and focal laser treatment remain the cornerstones of modern therapy. The many landmark studies for diabetic eye disease management should guide counselling and decision making for treating diabetic macular oedema, proliferative retinopathy and other diabetes‐related eye diseases.
“I don't want them to think that what they said matters”: How treatment ‐ seeking adolescents with severe obesity cope with weight‐based victimization
Authors: Walsh Órla , Dettmer Elizabeth , Regina Andrea , Ye Linlei , Christian Jennifer , Hamilton Jill , Toulany Alene 
Published: January 2021

SummaryAdolescents with severe obesity are subject to a high prevalence of weight‐based victimization that may lead to pervasive mental health symptoms. However, different coping strategies could potentially modulate these psychological consequences. This study aims to explore how treatment‐seeking adolescents with severe obesity cope with weight‐based victimization. This was a qualitative research study using an interpretive phenomenological analytic approach. One‐on‐one semi structured interviews were completed with 19 adolescents (63% female) enrolled in a weight management program. The interviews were transcribed and sequentially analysed until data saturation was attained. The majority of participants (89.5%) described being a victim of weight‐based victimization and highlighted a significant emotional toll. Two key themes were identified that captured the various coping strategies used by participants. Over half (52.9%) described approach coping strategies where they acted on the source to invoke change by standing up for themselves, helping others in similar situations or becoming a bully themselves. Whilst the majority (94.1%) used avoidant coping strategies such as feigning a strong exterior façade, denial, isolation and self‐harm. Nearly half (47.1%) used both strategies. Treatment‐seeking adolescents with severe obesity commonly use avoidant coping strategies to deal with weight‐based victimization. These strategies are associated with negative mental health outcomes and should be evaluated when counselling adolescents with obesity who have experienced weight‐based victimization.
Board diversity and corporate innovation: Regional demographics and industry context
Authors: Cumming Douglas , Leung Tak Yan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractResearch Question/IssueWhat are the causes and consequences of board diversity on innovation across a broad array of different types of diversity (education level, gender, and age), while controlling for director expertise in science and business? How do these different types of diversity affect innovation in different industry contexts?Research Findings/InsightsWe use regional demographics in China (e.g., there are in fact differences in the proportion of females by region) to instrument board characteristics. We find that gender diversity is more pertinent in facilitating innovation in male‐dominated industries, not female‐dominated industries. In low‐tech and nonpatent intensive industries, all types of diversity facilitate innovation, whereas in high‐tech and patent intensive industries, scientific experience matters more than types of diversity. We find some evidence that age diversity results in lower‐quality patents, while boards with science expertise have higher‐quality patents.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsWe develop unique tests to control for endogeneity of diversity in innovation by exploiting regional differences in demographics. The theory and evidence suggest that specific types of diversity matter for innovation to the greatest degree where the industry is characterized by the absence of that characteristic.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsWe examine the broad context of diversity in organizations and examine whether there is a gap in firm's diversity insofar as we can infer that diversity explains innovative activity within organizations. By identifying which types of diversity matter for organizations, appropriate policy responses can be identified to enhance innovation.
NLRX1/FUNDC1/NIPSNAP1‐2 axis regulates mitophagy and alleviates intestinal ischaemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Li Shaoqin , Zhou Yi , Gu Xiaocheng , Zhang Xiaoping , Jia Zhongzhi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesMitophagy is considered to be a key mechanism in the pathogenesis of intestinal ischaemic reperfusion (IR) injury. NOD‐like receptor X1 (NLRX1) is located in the mitochondria and is highly expressed in the intestine, and is known to modulate ROS production, mitochondrial damage, autophagy and apoptosis. However, the function of NLRX1 in intestinal IR injury is unclear.Materials and methodsNLRX1 in rats with IR injury or in IEC‐6 cells with hypoxia reoxygenation (HR) injury were measured by Western blotting, real‐time PCR and immunohistochemistry. The function of NLRX1‐FUNDC1‐NIPSNAP1/NIPSNAP2 axis in mitochondrial homeostasis and cell apoptosis were assessed in vitro.ResultsNLRX1 is significantly downregulated following intestinal IR injury. In vivo studies showed that rats overexpressing NLRX1 exhibited resistance against intestinal IR injury and mitochondrial dysfunction. These beneficial effects of NLRX1 overexpression were dependent on mitophagy activation. Functional studies showed that HR injury reduced NLRX1 expression, which promoted phosphorylation of FUN14 domain‐containing 1 (FUNDC1). Based on immunoprecipitation studies, it was evident that phosphorylated FUNDC1 could not interact with the mitophagy signalling proteins NIPSNAP1 and NIPSNAP2 on the outer membrane of damaged mitochondria, which failed to launch the mitophagy process, resulting in the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and epithelial apoptosis.ConclusionsNLRX1 regulates mitophagy via FUNDC1‐NIPSNAP1/NIPSNAP2 signalling pathway. Thus, this study provides a potential target for the development of a therapeutic strategy for intestinal IR injury.
Measuring behavioral social learning in a conservation context: Chilean fishing communities
Authors: Tam Jordan , Waring Timothy , Gelcich Stefan , Chan Kai M. A. , Satterfield Terre 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the sustainability and conservation sciences, “social learning” is defined as a group process which depends on trust and social capital and tends to boost conservation outcomes. We term this “collaborative social learning.” Meanwhile, the behavioral sciences define social learning as the individual use of socially acquired information and seek to explain how individuals employ social learning as part of adaptive behavior. We term this “behavioral social learning.” However, the influence of behavioral social learning on ecological outcomes is poorly understood. We conducted a study of behavioral social learning among fishers in seven communities in Chile's Region V to probe its connections with ecological outcomes and collaborative social learning. We develop and employ a novel behavioral measure of individual social learning in a simple fishing game in which fishers may pay a portion of their game earnings to observe and learn from other fishers in the game. We explore the internal and external validity of the instrument. The self‐consistency of game play, learning, and participant reflections reveals strong internal validity of the learning game. Additionally, game behavior is correlated with factors such as migration history, and the perceived availability of peers from whom to learn, suggesting the method also holds external validity. We then test whether factors associated with collaborative social learning, such as social capital, are related to social learning behavior as measured by the experiment. Interestingly, many correlates of ‘collaborative social learning’ are not strongly correlated with ‘behavioral social learning’ in our sample. We argue that this disconnect can help improve our understanding of the emergence of community‐based conservation and positive ecological outcomes as well as ‘collaborative social learning’ itself. Finally, we provide guidance on how behavioral measures of social learning could benefit community‐based natural resource management and conservation.
Influence of patient characteristics and immunosuppressant management on mortality in kidney transplant recipients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)
Authors: Santeusanio Andrew D. , Menon Madhav C. , Liu Caroline , Bhansali Arjun , Patel Niralee , Mahir Fahima , Rana Meenakshi , Tedla Fasika , Mahamid Ahmad , Fenig Yaniv , Zendel Alexey , Delaney Veronica , De Boccardo Graciela , Farouk Samira S. , Sehgal Vinita , Khaim Rafael , Jacobs Samantha E. , Dunn Dallas , Sullivan Timothy , Taimur Sarah , Baneman Emily , Florman Sander , Shapiro Ron 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe influence of patient characteristics and immunosuppression management on COVID‐19 outcomes in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) remains uncertain. We performed a single‐center, retrospective review of all adult KTRs admitted to the hospital with confirmed COVID‐19 between 03/15/2020 and 05/15/2020. Patients were followed from the date of admission up to 1 month following hospital discharge or study conclusion (06/15/2020). Baseline characteristics, laboratory parameters, and immunosuppression were compared between survivors and patients who died to identify predictors of mortality. 38 KTRs with a mean baseline eGFR of 52.5 ml/min/1.73 m2 were hospitalized during the review period. Maintenance immunosuppression included tacrolimus (84.2%), mycophenolate (89.5%), and corticosteroids (81.6%) in the majority of patients. Eleven patients (28.9%) died during the hospitalization. Older age (OR = 2.05; 1.04‐4.04), peak D‐dimer (OR = 1.20; 1.04‐1.39), and peak white blood cell count (OR = 1.11; 1.02‐1.21) were all associated with mortality among KTRs hospitalized for COVID‐19. Increased mortality was also observed among KTRs with concomitant HIV infection (87.5% vs. 36.1%; p < .01). Conversely, immunosuppression intensity and degree of reduction following COVID‐19 diagnosis were not associated with either survival or acute allograft rejection. Our findings potentially support a strategy of individualization of immunosuppression targets based on patient‐specific risk factors, rather than universal immunosuppression reduction for KTRs at risk from COVID‐19.