bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corporate performance and CEO dismissal: The role of social category faultlines
Authors: Vandebeek Alana , Voordeckers Wim , Huybrechts Jolien , Lambrechts Frank 
Published: April 2021

AbstractResearch Question/IssueThis study investigates the moderating role of social category faultlines in the relationship between firm performance and CEO dismissal. We also examine how two board contingencies—the presence of board evaluation and the number of board committees—affect how social category faultlines moderate the performance–CEO dismissal relationship.Research Findings/InsightsUsing panel data on Belgian listed firms covering 2006 to 2014, we find that the negative relationship between firm performance and the likelihood of CEO dismissal is significantly weaker when boards experience social category faultlines. Further investigation of board contingencies demonstrates that social category faultlines have a stronger influence on the performance–CEO dismissal relationship when the board does not engage in board evaluation or has greater numbers of board committees.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsThis study builds on the social identity perspective by providing empirical support for social category faultlines within the context of boards of directors. Social category faultlines lead to identity‐based subgroups within the board, which reduce directors' identification with the board as a whole, ultimately impacting the board's capability to dismiss a poorly performing CEO. Moreover, our study demonstrates how board contingencies can promote and/or weaken directors' identification with the board, which affects the salience of identity‐based subgroups.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsThis study offers insights for practitioners interested in improving board effectiveness. Our evidence implies that decisions concerning the appointment of directors should be based on criteria that take faultlines and subgroups into account. Furthermore, our findings highlight the importance of strengthening the superordinate board identity by implementing initiatives such as board evaluation.
Associations between second‐line glucose‐lowering combination therapies with metformin and HbA1c, body weight, quality of life, hypoglycaemic events and glucose‐lowering treatment intensification: The DISCOVER study
Authors: Khunti Kamlesh , Charbonnel Bernard , Cooper Andrew , Gomes Marília B. , Ji Linong , Leigh Paul , Nicolucci Antonio , Rathmann Wolfgang , Shestakova Marina V. , Siddiqui Afrah , Tang Fengming , Watada Hirotaka , Chen Hungta ,   the DISCOVER investigators
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimTo explore the effects of second‐line combination therapies with metformin on body weight, HbA1c and health‐related quality of life, as well as the risks of hypoglycaemia and further treatment intensification in the DISCOVER study, a 3‐year, prospective, global observational study of patients with type 2 diabetes initiating second‐line glucose‐lowering therapy.Materials and MethodsAdjusted changes from baseline in weight, HbA1c and 36‐item Short Form Health Survey version 2 (SF‐36v2) summary scores at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months were assessed using linear mixed models. Risk of hypoglycaemia and further intensification were assessed using interval censored analyses.ResultsAt baseline, 7613 patients received metformin in combination with a sulphonylurea (SU; 40.9%), a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitor (48.3%), a sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT‐2) inhibitor (8.3%) or a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonist (2.4%). After 36 months, all combinations showed similar reductions in HbA1c (0.8%‐1.0%), however, metformin plus a DPP‐4 inhibitor, an SGLT‐2 inhibitor or a GLP‐1 receptor agonist was associated with greater weight loss (1.9, 2.9 and 5.0 kg, respectively) than metformin plus an SU (1.3 kg, P < .0001). Proportions of further treatment intensification were similar across combinations (19.9%‐26.2%). Patients prescribed metformin plus an SU more often reported one or more hypoglycaemic events (11.9%) than other combinations (3.9%‐6.4%, P < .0001). SF‐36v2 summary scores were typically lowest among patients prescribed metformin and an SU.ConclusionsCombinations of metformin with an SU were associated with the lowest weight reduction, highest risk of hypoglycaemia and lower SF‐36v2 scores.
Prevalence and progression of chronic kidney disease among patients with type 2 diabetes: Insights from the DISCOVER study
Authors: Khunti Kamlesh , Charbonnel Bernard , Chen Hungta , Cherney David Z. , Cooper Andrew , Fenici Peter , Gomes Marilia B. , Hammar Niklas , Heerspink Hiddo J. L. , Ji Linong , Medina Jesús , Nicolucci Antonio , Ramirez Larisa , Rathmann Wolfgang , Shestakova Marina V. , Shimomura Iichiro , Tang Fengming , Watada Hirotaka , Kosiborod Mikhail ,   the DISCOVER Investigators
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe report the prevalence and change in severity of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in DISCOVER, a global, 3‐year, prospective, observational study of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) initiating second‐line glucose‐lowering therapy. CKD stages were defined according to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Overall, 7843 patients from 35 countries had a baseline serum creatinine measurement. Of these (56.7% male; mean age: 58.1 years; mean eGFR: 87.5 mL/min/1.73 m2), baseline prevalence estimates for stage 0‐1, 2, 3 and 4‐5 CKD were 51.4%, 37.7%, 9.4% and 1.4%, respectively. A total of 5819 patients (74.2%) also had at least one follow‐up serum creatinine measurement (median time between measurements: 2.9 years, interquartile range: 1.9‐3.0 years). Mean eGFR decreased slightly to 85.7 mL/min/1.73 m2 over follow‐up. CKD progression (increase of ≥1 stage) occurred in 15.7% of patients, and regression (decrease of ≥1 stage) in 12.0%. In summary, a substantial proportion of patients with T2D developed CKD or had CKD progression after the initiation of second‐line therapy. Renal function should be regularly monitored in these patients, to ensure early CKD diagnosis and treatment.
Effect of clinical pharmacists' interventions on dementia treatment adherence and caregivers' knowledge
Authors: Balli Fatma Nisa , Unsal Pelin , Halil Meltem Gulhan , Dogu Burcu Balam , Cankurtaran Mustafa , Demirkan Kutay 
Published: April 2021

AimPoor adherence with dementia medications is common among patients and caregivers, owing to the absence of perceived effect, polypharmacy, and adverse effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of clinical pharmacists' interventions on the adherence to dementia treatment and the caregivers' knowledge of dementia.MethodsThis study was conducted at a geriatric outpatient clinic of the university hospital between October 2018 and April 2019. The Morisky Green Levine Adherence Scale (MGLS) to patients or caregivers and the Dementia Knowledge Assessment Tool Version Two (DKAT2) to caregivers were applied at the beginning of the study and 4 months later by a clinical pharmacist. After the scales were applied in the first interview, verbal information about the importance of adherence to dementia treatment, and incorrect answers of caregivers in DKAT2 were provided by the clinical pharmacist.ResultsA total of 94 patients and 91 caregivers were included in the study. High adherence to treatment was determined in 70.2% of the patients in the first interview and in 95.7% in the second interview (P < 0.001). The mean score of DKAT2 was 15.53 ± 2.44 in the first interview, while the median score of DKAT2 in the second interview was 19.11 ± 1.25 (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe intervention of clinical pharmacists significantly increased the adherence to dementia treatment and the caregivers' knowledge of dementia. Close monitoring of dementia patients and caregivers by clinical pharmacists and collaboration with a multidisciplinary team play an important role in dementia care. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 506–511.
Further evidence against the alleged failure of the classical nucleation theory below the glass transition range
Authors: Ramírez Acosta María Helena , Raphael Rodrigues Lorena , Cassar Daniel Roberto , Montazerian Maziar , Peitl Filho Oscar , Dutra Zanotto Edgar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe collected a plethora of new data to test the hypothesis that the failure of the Classical Nucleation Theory (CNT) below the glass transition range is just an experimental artifact. Since reaching the steady‐state nucleation regime takes a significant time for treatments below the glass transition temperature, data collected in this temperature range tend not to have reached a steady state. Because of this potential problem, we examined the CNT using new experimental data for three stoichiometric silicate glasses: Li2Si2O5, BaSi2O5, and Na4CaSi3O9. We also measured the equilibrium viscosity for the studied glass batches and used it as a proxy for the effective diffusion coefficient. The analysis was conducted by applying a steady‐state criterion and evaluating the error propagation throughout all calculations. Using this rigorous procedure, we have not observed the alleged CNT failure. Our comprehensive results support recent studies questioning this possible CNT failure helping solve a longstanding problem in glass science.
Dispersal of Neophilaenus campestris, a vector of Xylella fastidiosa, from olive groves to over‐summering hosts
Authors: Lago Clara , Morente Marina , De las Heras‐Bravo Daniel , Martí‐Campoy Antonio , Rodríguez‐Ballester Francisco , Plaza María , Moreno Aránzazu , Fereres Alberto 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNeophilaenus campestris is one of the spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea) able to transmit Xylella fastidiosa to olive trees. Considering its vector ability and the wide distribution of this species in Spain, N. campestris should be considered a serious threat to key crops such as olive, almonds and grapevines. Migration and dispersal abilities of insect vectors have profound implications in the spread of vector‐borne diseases. Thus, knowledge on the dispersal ability of N. campestris is essential to model, predict and limit the spread of the diseases caused by X. fastidiosa. A mass‐mark‐recapture technique was developed to track between‐field movements of N. campestris during its late spring migration from the ground cover grasses within olive groves to sheltered areas dominated by pine trees. The fluorescent dust used for marking did not affect the survival nor the flying ability of N. campestris. Spittlebug adults captured in olive groves during late spring were dusted with fluorescent colours and released in different locations. Six recapture samplings were performed 23–42 days after release in 12 different sites located within a maximum distance of 2.8 km from the release point. Results indicated that N. campestris was able to disperse a maximum distance of 2,47 m in 35 days. Furthermore, flight mill studies showed that N. campestris was able to fly long distances, reaching 1.4 km in an 82‐min single flight. Altogether, our findings suggest that eradication measures are of limited value because vectors are able to disperse rapidly over distances much longer than expected.
Therapeutic alliance as a predictor of behavioral outcomes in a relationally focused, family‐centered telehealth intervention
Authors: Metcalfe Robyn E. , Matulis Jordan M. , Cheng Yijun , Stormshak Elizabeth A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study evaluates therapeutic alliance as a mediator of the relationship between dosage and clinical outcomes for the Family Check‐Up (FCU) Online, a telehealth adaptation of an evidence‐based parenting intervention for parents of middle school youth. The sample consisted of N = 111 parents with children in middle school who received the FCU Online as part of an ongoing clinical trial. They were randomly assigned to receive telehealth coaching and participated in the intervention and follow‐up assessment 12 months later. Data was collected using parent and child questionnaires as well as engagement data collected as part of the online intervention, using both parents and children as reporters of parent behavioral change. Using parent report measures, there was clear support for a mediation model, with parent report of alliance predicting parent self‐report ratings of clinical progress (parent behavior change) at 12‐month follow‐up. However, for the child‐report data, there was no clear relationship between dosage or therapeutic alliance with child reports of parenting. Clinical implications and future research directions are discussed.
Inhibition of 20‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid biosynthesis by vitamin E analogs in human and bovine cytochrome P450 microsomes
Authors: Kuhn Matthew J. , Sordillo Lorraine M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDairy cattle are predisposed to disease around the time of calving due to dysfunctional inflammatory responses. Oxylipids are lipid‐derived mediators that regulate all aspects of the inflammatory response, and shifts in oxylipid profiles are correlated with disease risk. For example, 20‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) is an oxylipid derived from cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450) found at significantly greater concentrations around calving and during clinical disease. Biosynthesis of 20‐HETE occurs almost exclusively from two specific CYP450 of which CYP450 family four sub‐family F member two (CYP4F2) is the major contributor to 20‐HETE production in humans. To further study the activities of 20‐HETE and potentially reduce its production in vivo, mitigation methods must be explored. Additional substrates of CYP4F2, such as vitamin E, are known to both increase and decrease the metabolism of other CYP4F2 substrates. This study aimed to determine whether vitamin E analogs may reduce the production of 20‐HETE through competition for CYP4F2 activity in human CYP4F2, bovine‐kidney and bovine‐mammary microsomes. Gamma‐tocopherol reduced 20‐HETE production from human and bovine‐kidney microsomes (35.3% and 27.5%, respectively) whereas γ‐tocotrienol only reduced 20‐HETE production from human microsomes (40.1%). Finally, bovine‐mammary microsomes did not produce a quantifiable amount of 20‐HETE, suggesting basal mammary CYP4F2 activity may not be a significant contributor to 20‐HETE found in milk. Together, these data show that analogs of vitamin E can reduce the production of 20‐HETE, potentially through competition with arachidonic acid for metabolism by CYP4F2, posing a potential means for limiting 20‐HETE production during clinical diseases of dairy cattle.
COVID‐19 impact on anxiety and depression in head and neck cancer patients: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Rodrigues‐Oliveira Leticia , Kauark‐Fontes Elisa , Alves Carolina Guimarães Bonfim , Tonaki Juliana Ono , Gueiros Luiz Alcino , Moutinho Karina , Marta Gustavo Nader , Barros Luciana Rodrigues Carvalho , Santos‐Silva Alan Roger , Brandão Thaís Bianca , Prado‐Ribeiro Ana Carolina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether the coronavirus disease 2019 has increased anxiety, depression, and distress levels in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients undergoing radiotherapy (RT).MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, RT‐HNC patients were surveyed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for anxiety and depression and the distress thermometer (DT) for distress. HADS scores were compared with data pre‐COVID‐19. Additionally, we evaluated the COVID‐19 impact on daily routines, treatment, and cancer care through a questionnaire.ResultsFifty patients were included. The HADS mean score and estimated rates were 4.34 (±4.06)/22% for anxiety and 5.08 (±4.82)/22% for depression; in comparison, our historical control had 4.04 (±3.59)/20% for anxiety (p = .79) and 4.03 (±3.62)/17% for depression (p = .49). Mean DT score was 3.68 (±2.77). Responders were aware of COVID‐19, afraid of having medical complications, believed it was life‐threatening, did not miss appointments, believed their treatment was not impacted, and felt safe at the hospital amid the pandemic.ConclusionThis study suggests that anxiety, depression, and distress levels found in RT‐HNC patients did not increase during the pandemic. Patients were afraid of being infected by COVID‐19; however, they complied with their cancer treatment.
Nasopharyngeal tubes in pediatric anesthesia: Is the flow‐dependent pressure drop across the tube suitable for calculating oropharyngeal pressure?
Authors: Papoff Paola , Rosini Talitha , Oliva Salvatore , Luciani Stefano , Midulla Fabio , Montecchia Francesco 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundNasopharyngeal tubes are useful in pediatric anesthesia for insufflating oxygen and anesthetics. During nasopharyngeal tube‐anesthesia, gas insufflation provides some positive oropharyngeal pressure that differs from the proximal airway pressure owing to the flow‐dependent pressure drop across the nasopharyngeal tube (ΔPNPT).AimsThis study aimed to investigate whether ΔPNPT could be used for calculating oropharyngeal pressure during nasopharyngeal tube‐assisted anesthesia.MethodsIn a physical model of nasopharyngeal tube‐anesthesia, using Rohrer's equation, we calculated ΔPNPT for three nasopharyngeal tubes (3.5, 4.0, and 5.0 mm inner diameter) under oxygen and several sevoflurane in oxygen combinations in two ventilatory scenarios (continuous positive airway pressure and intermittent positive pressure ventilation). We then calculated oropharyngeal pressure as proximal airway pressure minus ΔPNPT. Calculated and measured oropharyngeal pressure couples of values were compared with the root mean square deviation to assess accuracy. We also investigated whether oropharyngeal pressure accuracy depends on the nasopharyngeal tube diameter, flow rate, gas composition, and leak size. Using ΔPNPT charts, we tested whether ΔPNPT calculation was feasible in clinical practice.ResultsWhen we tested small‐diameter nasopharyngeal tubes at high‐flow or high‐peak inspiratory pressure, proximal airway pressure measurements markedly overestimated oropharyngeal pressure. Comparing measured and calculated maximum and minimum oropharyngeal pressure couples yielded root mean square deviations less than 0.5 cmH2O regardless of ventilatory modality, nasopharyngeal tube diameter, flow rate, gas composition, and leak size.ConclusionDuring nasopharyngeal tube‐assisted anesthesia, proximal airway pressure readings on the anesthetic monitoring machine overestimate oropharyngeal pressure especially for smaller‐diameter nasopharyngeal tubes and higher flow, and to a lesser extent for large leaks. Given the importance of calculating oropharyngeal pressure in guiding nasopharyngeal tube ventilation in clinical practice, we propose an accurate calculation using Rohrer's equation method, or approximating oropharyngeal pressure from flow and pressure readings on the anesthetic machine using the ΔPNPT charts.
Evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of Triphala toothwipes on oral Streptococcus mutans count in intellectually disabled children
Authors: Deshpande Meghana Ajay , Baliga Sudhindra , Thosar Nilima , Rathi Nilesh , Jyothishi Shriramji , Deulkar Pranjali Vilas , Bane Sphurti Pramod 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate antibacterial efficacy of Triphala toothwipes on oral Streptococcus mutans counts in intellectually disabled (ID) children.MethodsTwenty‐seven children with a mild ID were randomly divided into two groups: A ‐ Triphala and B ‐ placebo group. Toothwipes were given to caregivers of children belonging to the respective groups, and were instructed to use them 1 h after their meals, twice a day for 7 days. Simplified Plaque index was recorded and plaque samples were collected for microbiological examination at baseline, 48 h, and 7 days. The obtained data were tabulated and analyzed.ResultsTriphala group showed a statistically significant reduction of S. mutans after 48 h and 7 days. Both Triphala and placebo groups showed a statistically significant reduction in dental plaque after 48 h and 7 days.ConclusionTriphala toothwipes are effective against the oral S. mutans compared with placebo toothwipes, while both the toothwipes are equally effective in reducing dental plaque. Thus, Triphala toothwipes can be used as an adjunct aid along with routine oral hygiene practices in individuals who lack psychomotor skills or are dependent on others to maintain oral hygiene, including infants, preschoolers, geriatric population, and children with special health care needs.
The Effects of Exercise Serum From Prepubertal Girls and Women on In Vitro Myoblast and Osteoblast Proliferation and Differentiation
Authors: Mezil Yasmeen , Obeid Joyce , Ushcatz Inna , Raha Sandeep , Timmons Brian W. 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: In girls and women, the authors studied the effects of an acute bout of low-impact, moderate-intensity exercise serum on myoblast and osteoblast proliferation in vitro. Methods: A total of 12 pre/early pubertal girls (8–10 y old) and 12 women (20–30 y old) cycled at 60% VO2max for 1 hour followed by 1-hour recovery. Blood samples were collected at rest, mid-exercise, end of exercise, mid-recovery, and end of recovery. C2C12 myoblasts and MC3T3E1 osteoblasts were incubated with serum from each time point for 1 hour, then monitored for 24 hours (myoblasts) or 36 hours (osteoblasts) to examine proliferation. Cells were also monitored for 6 days (myoblasts) to examine myotube formation and 21 days (osteoblasts) to examine mineralization. Results: Exercise did not affect myoblast or osteoblast proliferation. Girls exhibited lower cell proliferation relative to women at end of exercise (osteoblasts, P = .041; myoblasts, P = .029) and mid-recovery (osteoblasts, P = .010). Mineralization was lower at end of recovery relative to rest (P = .014) in both girls and women. Myotube formation was not affected by exercise or group. Conclusion: The systemic environment following one acute bout of low-impact moderate-intensity exercise in girls and women does not elicit osteoblast or myoblast activity in vitro. Differences in myoblast and osteoblast proliferation between girls and women may be influenced by maturation.
Continued versus discontinued oxytocin stimulation in the active phase of labour (CONDISOX): double blind randomised controlled trial
Authors: Boie Sidsel , Glavind Julie , Uldbjerg Niels , Steer Philip J , Bor Pinar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective
To determine whether discontinuing oxytocin stimulation in the active phase of induced labour is associated with lower caesarean section rates.

Design
International multicentre, double blind, randomised controlled trial.

Setting
Nine hospitals in Denmark and one in the Netherlands between 8 April 2016 and 30 June 2020.

Participants
1200 women stimulated with intravenous oxytocin infusion during the latent phase of induced labour.

Intervention
Women were randomly assigned to have their oxytocin stimulation discontinued or continued in the active phase of labour.

Main outcome measure
Delivery by caesarean section.

Results

A total of 607 women were assigned to discontinuation and 593 to continuation of the oxytocin infusion. The rates of caesarean section were 16.6% (n=101) in the discontinued group and 14.2% (n=84) in the continued group (relative risk 1.17, 95% confidence interval 0.90 to 1.53). In 94 parous women with no previous caesarean section, the caesarean section rate was 7.5% (11/147) in the discontinued group and 0.6% (1/155)

in the continued group (relative risk 11.6, 1.15 to 88.7). Discontinuation was associated with longer duration of labour (median from randomisation to delivery 282
v
201 min; P<0.001), a reduced risk of hyperstimulation (20/546 (3.7%)
v
70/541 (12.9%); P<0.001), and a reduced risk of fetal heart rate abnormalities (153/548 (27.9%)
v
219/537 (40.8%); P<0.001) but rates of other adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes were similar between groups.

Conclusions
In a setting where monitoring of the fetal condition and the uterine contractions can be guaranteed, routine discontinuation of oxytocin stimulation may lead to a small increase in caesarean section rate but a significantly reduced risk of uterine hyperstimulation and abnormal fetal heart rate patterns.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02553226
.