bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between short-term exposure to sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide and ischemic heart disease and non-accidental death in Changsha city, China
Authors: Xu Zenghui , Xiong Lili , Jin Donghui , Tan Jie 
Published: May 2021

Background
To investigate the effects of short-term exposure to sulfur dioxide (SO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) in the central and southern China areas on ischemic heart disease (IHD) and non-accidental deaths.

Method
We investigated the associations between short-term exposure to SO2 and CO in a city in south-central China and IHD and non-accidental death using a time-series design and generalized additive models with up to a 5-day lag adjusting for day of the week, temperature, air pressure, wind speed, and relative humidity. The relative risks of IHD and non-accidental death per 10-unit increase in SO2 and CO were derived from zero to five days in single-pollutant models.

Results
Between 2016 and 2018, a total of 10,507 IHD and 44,070 non-accidental deaths were identified. The largest significant relative risk for IHD death was lag 02 for both SO2 (1.080; 95% confidence interval: 1.075–1.084) and CO (5.297; 95% confidence interval: 5.177–5.418) in single-pollutants models. A significant association was shown at all lag multiple-day moving averages. Two-pollutant models identified an association between SO2 and mortality when adjusting for CO. In stratified analyses, SO2 exhibited a stronger association with death during the cold season, while CO exhibited a stronger association with mortality from IHD during the warm season. The risk of death was more robust in the elderly for both pollutants, but was greater in men for CO and in women for SO2.

Conclusions
Overall, we found an association between short-term exposure to low-level SO2 and CO and the risk of IHD and non-accidental death.
Factors associated with temporary pacing insertion in patients with inferior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Yanase Tomonobu , Sakakura Kenichi , Jinnouchi Hiroyuki , Taniguchi Yousuke , Yamamoto Kei , Tsukui Takunori , Seguchi Masaru , Wada Hiroshi , Fujita Hideo 
Published: May 2021

Background
High-degree atrioventricular block (HAVB) is a prognostic factor for survival in patients with inferior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, there is little information about factors associated with temporary pacing (TP). The aim of this study was to find factors associated with TP in patients with inferior STEMI.

Methods
We included 232 inferior STEMI patients, and divided those into the TP group (n = 46) and the non-TP group (n = 186). Factors associated with TP were retrospectively investigated using multivariate logistic regression model.

Results
The incidence of right ventricular (RV) infarction was significantly higher in the TP group (19.6%) than in the non-TP group (7.5%) (p = 0.024), but the incidence of in-hospital death was similar between the 2 groups (4.3% vs. 4.8%, p = 1.000). Long-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), which were defined as a composite of all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), target vessel revascularization (TVR) and readmission for heart failure, were not different between the 2 groups (p = 0.100). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, statin at admission [odds ratio (OR) 0.230, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.062–0.860, p = 0.029], HAVB at admission (OR 9.950, 95% CI 4.099–24.152, p<0.001), and TIMI-thrombus grade ≥3 (OR 10.762, 95% CI 1.385–83.635, p = 0.023) were significantly associated with TP.

Conclusion
Statin at admission, HAVB at admission, and TIMI-thrombus grade ≥3 were associated with TP in patients with inferior STEMI. Although the patients with TP had the higher incidence of RV infarction, the incidence of in-hospital death and long-term MACE was not different between patients with TP and those without.
Digital Democracy, Social Media and Disinformation, Petros Iosifidis and Nicholas Nicoli (2021)
Authors: Maniou Theodora A. 
Published: May 2021

Review of: Digital Democracy, Social Media and Disinformation, Petros Iosifidis and Nicholas Nicoli (2021)
London and New York: Routledge, 172 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-36733-210-5, p/bk, $35.96
Pěstitelská gramotnost – sonda znalostí u žáků na druhém stupni základních škol
Authors: Vácha Zbyněk , Ryplová Renata , Valvodová Eva 
Published: May 2021

Článek přináší výsledky sondy znalostí v oblasti pěstitelské gramotnosti u žáků na druhém stupni základních škol. Pěstitelská gramotnost je definována jako schopnost porozumět pěstitelským postupům a pochopení jejich dopadu na život každého z nás. Ke sběru dat byla využita dotazníková metoda. Na výzkumu participovalo 462 žáků osmých ročníků z celkem 20 škol. Výsledky studie naznačují nepříliš vysokou kognitivní úroveň žáků v uvedené problematice. Vliv výuky na školní zahradě na vědomosti z oblasti pěstitelské gramotnosti se projevil jako statisticky neprůkazný, signifikantně se ale lišily vědomosti žáků mezi jednotlivými školami. Pozitivním zjištěním jsou výsledky vycházející z žákovských postojů ke smyslu a významu práce na zahradě.
Gene therapy in PIDs, hemoglobin, ocular, neurodegenerative, and hemophilia B disorders
Authors: Odiba Arome Solomon , Okoro Nkwachukwu Oziamara , Durojaye Olanrewaju Ayodeji , Wu Yanjun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A new approach is adopted to treat primary immunodeficiency disorders, such as the severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID; e.g., adenosine deaminase SCID [ADA-SCID] and IL-2 receptor X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency [SCID-X1]). The success, along with the feasibility of gene therapy, is undeniable when considering the benefits recorded for patients with different classes of diseases or disorders needing treatment, including SCID-X1 and ADA-SCID, within the last two decades. β-Thalassemia and sickle cell anemia are two prominent monogenic blood hemoglobin disorders for which a solution has been sought using gene therapy. For instance, transduced autologous CD34+ HSCs via a self-inactivating (SIN)-Lentivirus (LV) coding for a functional copy of the β-globin gene has become a feasible procedure. adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have found application in ocular gene transfer in retinal disease gene therapy (e.g., Leber’s congenital amaurosis type 2), where no prior treatment existed. In neurodegenerative disorders, successes are now reported for cases involving metachromatic leukodystrophy causing severe cognitive and motor damage. Gene therapy for hemophilia also remains a viable option because of the amount of cell types that are capable of synthesizing biologically active FVIII and FIX following gene transfer using AAV vectors in vivo to correct hemophilia B (FIX deficiency), and it is considered an ideal target, as proven in preclinical studies. Recently, the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 gene-editing tool has taken a center stage in gene therapy research and is reported to be efficient and highly precise. The application of gene therapy to these areas has pushed forward the therapeutic clinical application.
Short duration Vectorcardiogram based inferior myocardial infarction detection: class and subject-oriented approach
Authors: Rahul Jagdeep , Sharma Lakhan Dev , Bohat Vijay Kumar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) happens when blood stops circulating to an explicit segment of the heart causing harm to the heart muscles. Vectorcardiography (VCG) is a technique of recording direction and magnitude of the signals that are produced by the heart in a 3-lead representation. In this work, we present a technique for detection of MI in the inferior portion of heart using short duration VCG signals. The raw signal was pre-processed using the median and Savitzky–Golay (SG) filter. The Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT) was used for time-invariant decomposition of the signal followed by feature extraction. The selected features using minimum-redundancy-maximum-relevance (mRMR) based feature selection method were applied to the supervised classification methods. The efficacy of the proposed method was assessed under both class-oriented and a more real-life subject-oriented approach. An accuracy of 99.14 and 89.37% were achieved respectively. Results of the proposed technique are better than existing state-of-art methods and used VCG segment is shorter. Thus, a shorter segment and a high accuracy can be helpful in the automation of timely and reliable detection of MI. The satisfactory performance achieved in the subject-oriented approach shows reliability and applicability of the proposed technique.
Uniqueness of positive solutions for boundary value problems associated with indefiniteϕ-Laplacian-type equations
Authors: Boscaggin Alberto , Feltrin Guglielmo , Zanolin Fabio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper provides a uniqueness result for positive solutions of the Neumann and periodic boundary value problems associated with theϕ-Laplacian equation(ϕ(u′))′+a(t)g(u)=0,(\phi \left(u^{\prime} ))^{\prime} +a\left(t)g\left(u)=0,whereϕis a homeomorphism withϕ(0) = 0,a(t) is a stepwise indefinite weight andg(u) is a continuous function. When dealing with thep-Laplacian differential operatorϕ(s) = ∣s∣p−2swithp > 1, and the nonlinear termg(u) = uγwithγ∈R\gamma \in {\mathbb{R}}, we prove the existence of a unique positive solution whenγ ∈ ]−∞\infty, (1 − 2p)/(p − 1)] ∪ ]p − 1, +∞\infty[.
A new implicit symmetric method of sixth algebraic order with vanished phase-lag and its first derivative for solving Schrödinger's equation
Authors: Obaidat Saleem , Butt Rizwan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this article, we have developed an implicit symmetric four-step method of sixth algebraic order with vanished phase-lag and its first derivative. The error and stability analysis of this method are investigated, and its efficiency is tested by solving efficiently the one-dimensional time-independent Schrödinger’s equation. The method performance is compared with other methods in the literature. It is found that for this problem the new method performs better than the compared methods.
Interocular Suppression in Primary Visual Cortex in Strabismus
Authors: Economides John R. , Adams Daniel L. , Horton Jonathan C. 
Published: May 2021

People with strabismus acquired during childhood do not experience diplopia (double vision). To investigate how perception of the duplicate image is suppressed, we raised two male monkeys with alternating exotropia by disinserting the medial rectus muscle in each eye at age four weeks. Once the animals were mature, they were brought to the laboratory and trained to fixate a small spot while recordings were made in primary visual cortex (V1). Drifting gratings were presented to the receptive fields of 500 single neurons for eight interleaved conditions: (1) right eye monocular; (2) left eye monocular; (3) right eye's field, right eye fixating; (4) right eye's field, left eye fixating; (5) left eye's field, right eye fixating; (6) left eye's field, left eye fixating; (7) both eyes' fields, right eye fixating; (8) both eyes' fields, left eye fixating. As expected, ocular dominance histograms showed a monocular bias compared with normal animals, but many cells could still be driven via both eyes. Overall, neuronal responses were not affected by switches in ocular fixation. Individual neurons exhibited binocular interactions, but mean population indices indicated no net interocular suppression or facilitation. Even neurons located in cortex with reduced cytochrome oxidase (CO) activity, representing portions of the nasal visual field where perception is suppressed during binocular viewing, showed no net inhibition. These data indicate that V1 neurons do not appear to reflect strabismic suppression and therefore the elimination of diplopia is likely to be mediated at a higher cortical level.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn patients with strabismus, images fall on non-corresponding points in the two retinas. Only one image is perceived, because signals emanating from the other eye that convey the duplicate image are suppressed. The benefit is that diplopia is prevented, but the penalty is that the visual feedback required to adjust eye muscle tone to realign the globes is eliminated. Here, we report the first electrophysiological recordings from the primary visual cortex (V1) in awake monkeys raised with strabismus. The experiments were designed to reveal how perception of double images is avoided.
OPTIMIZATION of a NEW MEDIUM of WHEY WATER and SWEET POTATO EXTRACT for DIFFERENT LACTOBACILLUS SPECIES by PLACKETT-BURMAN STATISTICAL DESIGN USING MINI –TAB16 SOFTWARE
Authors: Ibrahim Amel Ahmed , El-Sayed Abeer 
Published: May 2021

An attempt is made to use cheese whey water (Ww) and sweet potato extract (SPE) separately or in combination to manipulate a cheap and economical media component for large scale production of lactobacilli. Primarily, lactobacilli species were cultivated on de-Man Rogosa and Sharp medium (MRS) then, these strains were grown in (SPE) and (Ww) using a flask fermentation technique at 37°C, followed by applying a statistical experimental design (Plackett- Burman (PB)) via a statistical software MiniTab16 to optimize the media constituents for achieving a large scale production of lactobacilli; with studying the main effect of medium components referring to the most critical nutritional factors in the newly organized medium. Generally, our results indicated that both sweet potato and whey water extract (SPWE); could be used for the growth of lactobacilli instead of (MRS) medium. Further, other experiments were done to show how lactobacilli growth will be affected by pH and various types of whey; using standard plate count method. Highest counts for Lactobacillus acidophilus (2r) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (190RZFAAU) were at pH 6 and pH 6.5 in (SPWE) medium. Depending on the above investigations; (SPWE) medium including the addition of different types; whey water can be used as an alternative growth medium for lactobacilli instead of MRS which was traditionally used for growing these kinds of Lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Additionally, findings in this study can help in cleaning our environment from the huge disposal quantities of whey resulted as byproduct from cheese industries.
NOVEL ASSESSMENT OF SYNERGISTIC STIMULATORY EFFECT OF PREBIOTIC CHITOOLIGOSACCHARIDE AND SOME COMMERCIAL PREBIOTICS ON THE PROBIOTIC GROWTH: A PRELIMINARY STUDY
Authors: Fayed Bahgat , El-Sayed Hoda , Ismail Shaymaa 
Published: May 2021

This study investigates the possible synergistic stimulatory effects of prebiotic chitooligosaccharide and some commercial prebiotics on probiotic growth. Different combination of chitooligosaccharide with inulin, fructooligosaccharide, and lactulose were prepared and their ability to stimulate the growth of probiotic strains was evaluated. Following Chou-Talalay method, the combination index was calculated and used for synergistic assessment. The data showed that most of the prebiotics combinations showed synergism with different magnitudes depending on the prebiotic type, concentration and the probiotic strain employed in the study. It was indicated from the combination index that the combination between chitooligosaccharide and fructooligosaccharide has higher synergism compared to the combination of chitooligosaccharide with lactulose or inulin. Additionally, as the concentration of prebiotics increased, the synergistic effect increased. Synergism was also affected by the probiotic strain employed, since a higher synergism was shown with Bifidobacterium lactis when compared to Lactobacillus helveticus. It was concluded that combining chitooligosaccharide with commercial prebiotics produced synergistic effect on the probiotic proliferation. The synergism was further dependent on the type and concentration of the combined prebiotic and on the probiotic strain used in the study.
Trends in HPV Vaccination Initiation and Completion Within Ages 9–12 Years: 2008–2018
Authors: Chido-Amajuoyi Onyema Greg , Talluri Rajesh , Wonodi Chizoba , Shete Sanjay 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Routine human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is recommended at ages 11 to 12 years and may be initiated as early as 9 years of age.

METHODS:
Data were derived from the National Immunization Survey-Teen, spanning 2008–2018. Using health care provider–verified vaccination histories, we examined trends in human papillomavirus vaccination up-to-date (HPV-UTD) rates within ages 9 to 12 years. Furthermore, we assessed vaccination status by sociodemographic factors and US state of residence.

RESULTS:
Overall, amid evidence of recent stagnation, HPV vaccination between ages 9 to 12 increased over the years. Initiation rates rose from 17.3% in 2008 to 62.8% in 2018, and HPV-UTD rates rose from 13.5% in 2011 to 32.8% in 2018. After the inception of gender-neutral HPV vaccination, HPV-UTD rates between 2011 and 2018 rose by 31.9% among boys and only 6.6% among girls. For most of the study period, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic individuals had higher rates of initiation and HPV-UTD than non-Hispanic white individuals. In 2018, vaccination initiation rates exceeded 70% in several states; however, HPV-UTD rates in most US states were &lt;50%, excluding Rhode Island (61.6%), Colorado (58.7%), Hawaii (53.5%), District of Columbia (53.2%), and Ohio (50%).

CONCLUSIONS:
HPV vaccination within ages 9 to 12 years is suboptimal. To leverage the substantial benefits of HPV vaccination within this age range, it is imperative that conscious efforts are taken at the national and state levels to promote HPV vaccination for this age group.
Localization of Olfactomedin-Related Glycoprotein Isoform (BMZ) in the Golgi Apparatus of Glomerular Podocytes in Rat Kidneys
Authors: KONDO DAISUKE , YAMAMOTO TADASHI , YAOITA EISHIN , DANIELSON PATRIA E. , KOBAYASHI HIDEYUKI , OHSHIRO KAZUFUMI , FUNAKI HARUKO , KOYAMA YU , FUJINAKA HIDEHIKO , KAWASAKI KATSUTOSHI , SUTCLIFFE J. GREGOR , ARAKAWA MASAAKI , KIHARA ITARU 
Published: May 2021

Abstract.
A gene encoding olfactomedin-related glycoprotein was isolated from rat glomerulus despite its prior identification as a neuron-specific gene. The mRNA expression was remarkably intense in renal glomerulus and brain and faint in the lung and eye among rat systemic organs. Although the brain contained four mRNA variants (AMY, AMZ, BMY, and BMZ) transcribed from a single gene, the glomerulus, lung, and eye expressed only two variants (BMZ and BMY). The glycoprotein was intensely immunolocalized in glomerular podocytes and neurons by using an antibody against synthetic peptide of the M region, but weak in endothelial cells of the kidney and lung. Bronchiolar epithelial cells in the lung, and ciliary, corneal, and iris epithelial cells in the eye were also stained. Immunogold electron microscopy revealed selective localization of olfactomedin-related glycoprotein at the Golgi apparatus in podocytes. In glomerular culture, the staining was also intense at a juxtanuclear region in synaptopodin-positive epithelial cells of irregular shape (phenotypic feature of podocytes), whereas it was weak in synaptopodin-negative ones of cobblestone-like appearance (phenotypic feature of parietal epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule). Interestingly, Western blot analysis identified an intense band corresponding to BMZ isoform and another faint band corresponding to BMY isoform in the glomerulus, whereas the intensity of these two bands were nearly equal in the lung and eye. In the brain, four bands corresponding to four isoforms were observed apparently. Computer sequence analysis predicted coiled-coil structures in the secondary structure of the glycoprotein similar to those in Golgi autoantigens, suggesting significant roles in the unique functions of the Golgi apparatus in rat podocytes and neurons.
Cellular and Subcellular Distribution of Polycystin-2, the Protein Product of the PKD2 Gene
Authors: FOGGENSTEINER LUKAS , BEVAN A. PAUL , THOMAS RUTH , COLEMAN NICHOLAS , BOULTER CATHERINE , BRADLEY JOHN , IBRAGHIMOV-BESKROVNAYA OXANA , KLINGER KATHERINE , SANDFORD RICHARD 
Published: May 2021

Abstract.
Mutations in the PKD1 and PKD2 genes account for 85 and 15% of cases of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, respectively. Polycystin-2, the product of the PKD2 gene, is predicted to be an integral membrane protein with homology to a family of voltage-activated Ca2+ channels. In vitro studies suggest that it may interact with polycystin-1, the PKD1 gene product, via coiled-coil domains present in their C-terminal domains. In this study, the cellular and subcellular distribution of polycystin-2 is defined and compared with polycystin-1. A panel of rabbit polyclonal antisera was raised against polycystin-2 and shown to recognize a single band consistent with polycystin-2 in multiple tissues and cell lines by immunoprecipitation and Western blotting. Immunostaining of human and murine renal tissues demonstrated widespread and developmentally regulated expression of polycytin-2, with highest levels in the kidney in the thick ascending limbs of the loop of Henle and the distal convoluted tubule. In contrast, polycystin-1 expression, while localizing to the same tubular segments, was highest in the collecting ducts. Immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence microscopy localized polycystin-2 to the basolateral plasma membrane of kidney tubular epithelial cells compared with the junctional localization of polycystin-1. Differences in the developmental, cellular, and subcellular expression of polycystin-1 and polycystin-2 suggest that they may be able to function independently of each other in addition to a potential in vivo interaction via their C-termini.
Chemokine Receptor CCR5 and CXCR4 Expression in HIV-Associated Kidney Disease
Authors: EITNER FRANK , CUI YAN , HUDKINS KELLY L. , STOKES MICHAEL B. , SEGERER STEPHAN , MACK MATTHIAS , LEWIS PAUL L. , ABRAHAM A. ANDREW , SCHLO[Combining Diaeresis]NDORFF DETLEF , GALLO GLORIA , KIMMEL PAUL L. , ALPERS CHARLES E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract.
The chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 have been identified as essential coreceptors for entry of HIV-1 strains into susceptible cells. Direct infection of renal parenchymal cells has been implicated in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated renal disease, although data are conflicting. The localization of CCR5 and CXCR4 in kidneys with HIV-associated renal disease is unknown. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded renal biopsies from patients with HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) (n = 13), HIV-associated immune complex glomerulonephritis (n = 3), HIV-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (n = 1), and HIV-negative patients with collapsing glomerulopathy (n = 8) were analyzed in this study. Cellular sites of expression of CCR5 and CXCR4 were identified by immunohistochemistry and by in situ hybridization. The presence of HIV-1 was detected by immunohistochemistry and by in situ hybridization. Expression of both chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 was undetectable in intrinsic glomerular, tubular, and renovascular cells in all analyzed cases. In the presence of tubulointerstitial inflammation, CCR5 and CXCR4 expression was localized to infiltrating mononuclear leukocytes. HIV-1 protein was undetectable by immunohistochemistry in all cases of HIV-associated renal disease. HIV-1 RNA was identified in one case of HIVAN but was restricted to infiltrating leukocytes. HIV-1 RNA was not detected in intrinsic renal cells in all analyzed cases. Identifying the cellular expression of HIV-coreceptors CCR5 and CXCR4 may help to clarify which tissues are permissive for direct HIV infection. These data do not support a role of productive HIV-1 infection of renal parenchymal cells in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated renal disease.