bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Governing changes in government: the water story of Mahabubnagar
Authors: Varma Harikrishnan Ramesh , Kakani Ram Kumar , Poovathingal James Sebastian 
Published: August 2021

Theoretical basis
Kotter’s framework of change management adapted to the situation of public policy implementation under the leadership of a civil service officer in the rural areas of a developing economy in South Asia.

Research methodology
This case has been written using the primary data collected from the protagonist through personal and computer-based interviews. Some of the documents associated with the event shared by the protagonist are also reproduced as case exhibits. Secondary data from government official websites were also used to enrich the case.

Case overview/synopsis
Mahbubnagar, an arid agricultural district in central India faced the threat of a water crisis owing to the unscientific water extraction by the resident farmers. The government appointed a task force to investigate the problem. The team executed the idea to harvest excess water from the fields through a cheap and efficient method. Though it showed spectacular results in the initial months, the farmers gave up the innovation soon. When the team met two years later, they were shocked by the unenthusiastic response of the farmers. This case pertains to the failure of policy innovations and change management in government.

Complexity academic level
This case is useful for undergraduate-level courses in public management, public policy and governance with modules in change management, innovation management, rural development and programme implementation. Training modules for novice public service professionals and programme management personnel in government organisations. Elective courses on public policy, government relations and public sector management for undergraduate students of business administration.
The adaptation of educational expectations in response to ability tracking: Variations by migration background
Authors: Geven Sara , Forster Andrea G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn various educational systems, students are sorted into separate secondary schools on the basis of their academic ability. Research suggests that this type of tracking impacts students' educational expectations, as expectations generally align with students' ability track. However, most research is cross‐sectional and students with lower expectations are possibly also sorted into lower tracks. Moreover, the extent to which track placement influences expectations may vary across students. In this paper, we address the following research question: how does ability tracking impact the development of student expectations and how does this vary by students' migration background. Based on the literature on the immigrant aspiration–achievement paradox, we expect that students with a migration background are less likely to adapt expectations downwardly, and more likely to adapt expectations upward in response to track placement. Using German panel data, we examine the educational expectations of students with and without a migration background, before and after track placement. Moreover, we use variations in tracking procedures across German states to study how students who get tracked compare with students who do not get tracked in the development of their educational expectations. We show that students are more likely to upwardly adjust their expectations when their track placement exceeds their expectations and to downwardly adjust their expectations when their track placement is below their expectations. We find little support for the hypothesized variations by student migration background. Students whose parent(s) hold (a) Bachelor degree(s) are more likely to upwardly adjust their expectations when their track placement exceeds their expectations than students whose parent(s) maximally hold an upper secondary or vocational degree(s).
Effect of nonthermal treatments on selected natural food pigments and color changes in plant material
Authors: Nowacka Małgorzata , Dadan Magdalena , Janowicz Monika , Wiktor Artur , Witrowa‐Rajchert Dorota , Mandal Ronit , Pratap‐Singh Anubhav , Janiszewska‐Turak Emilia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn recent years, traditional high‐temperature food processing is continuously being replaced by nonthermal processes. Nonthermal processes have a positive effect on food quality, including color and maintaining natural food pigments. Thus, this article describes the influence of nonthermal, new, and traditional treatments on natural food pigments and color changes in plant materials. Characteristics of natural pigments, such as anthocyanins, betalains, carotenoids, chlorophylls, and so forth available in the plant tissue, are shortly presented. Also, the characteristics and mechanism of nonthermal processes such as pulsed electric field, ultrasound, high hydrostatic pressure, pulsed light, cold plasma, supercritical fluid extraction, and lactic acid fermentation are described. Furthermore, the disadvantages of these processes are mentioned. Each treatment is evaluated in terms of its effects on all types of natural food pigments, and the possible applications are discussed. Analysis of the latest literature showed that the use of nonthermal technologies resulted in better preservation of pigments contained in the plant tissue and improved yield of extraction. However, it is important to select the appropriate processing parameters and to optimize this process in relation to a specific type of raw material.
Advances in quantification and analysis of the celiac‐related immunogenic potential of gluten
Authors: Ribeiro Miguel , de Sousa Telma , Sabença Carolina , Poeta Patrícia , Bagulho Ana Sofia , Igrejas Gilberto 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGluten‐free products have emerged in response to the increasing prevalence of gluten‐related disorders, namely celiac disease. Therefore, the quantification of gluten in products intended for consumption by individuals who may suffer from these pathologies must be accurate and reproducible, in a way that allows their proper labeling and protects the health of consumers. Immunochemical methods have been the methods of choice for quantifying gluten, and several kits are commercially available. Nevertheless, they still face problems such as the initial extraction of gluten in complex matrices or the use of a standardized reference material to validate the results. Lately, other methodologies relying mostly on mass spectrometry‐based techniques have been explored, and that may allow, in addition to quantitative analysis, the characterizationof gluten proteins. On the other hand, although the level of 20 mg/kg of gluten detected by these methods is sufficient for a product to be considered gluten‐free, its immunogenic potential for celiac patients has not been clinically validated. In this sense, in vitro and in vivo models, such as the organoid technology applied in gut‐on‐chip devices and the transgenic humanized mouse models, respectively, are being developed for investigating both the gluten‐induced pathogenesis and the treatment of celiac disease. Due to the ubiquitous nature of gluten in the food industry, as well as the increased prevalence of gluten‐related disorders, here we intend to summarize the available methods for gluten quantification in food matrices and for the evaluation of its immunogenic potential concerning the development of novel therapies for celiac disease to highlight active research and discuss knowledge gaps and current challenges in this field.
Psychopathy, temperament, and character dimensions of personality as risk determinants of criminal recidivism in schizophrenia patients
Authors: Balcioglu Yasin Hasan , Kirlioglu Balcioglu Simge Seren , Oncu Fatih , Turkcan Ahmet 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere is considerable evidence on the role of personality traits in the risk of criminal recidivism among schizophrenia patients, besides conventional risk factors. We evaluated the effects of psychopathy and biopsychosocial personality model on general criminal recidivism in schizophrenia patients. Ninety‐four male DSM‐5 diagnosed schizophrenia patients were recruited and classified into three groups according to the number of offenses since diagnosis: reoffenders (n = 32), Initial offenders (n = 31), and nonoffenders (n = 31). All subjects were evaluated by the Turkish versions of Psychopathy Checklist‐Revised (PCL‐R) and Temperament and Character Inventory‐Revised (TCI‐R). In Reoffenders, all subscale scores of PCL‐R and Novelty seeking were the highest, while Self‐directedness and Cooperativeness were the lowest. PCL‐R Total, Factor 1 and Factor 2 positively correlated with Novelty Seeking, and negatively correlated with Harm Avoidance, Self‐directedness, and Cooperativeness in offender patients. For criminal recidivism in offender patients, high PCL‐R Total and Novelty Seeking, low Harm Avoidance, Self‐directedness, and Cooperativeness, being unmarried, presence of childhood adversity, and younger age at the first offense were found to be significant predictors in univariate analyses; multivariate regression models revealed PCL‐R Total and Persistence as the only significant predictors. These results suggest that certain dimensional personality evaluations combined with potential historical, clinical, and forensic risk factors can be employed in forensic settings to screen offender schizophrenia patients at an increased risk of recidivism and to take necessary precautions against further criminal behavior.
Revised equations allowing the estimation of the uncertainty associated with the Total Body Water version of the Widmark equation
Authors: Maskell Peter D. , Korb Ann‐Sophie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWidmark calculations are the most commonly used alcohol calculations to estimate a) the amount of alcohol consumed based on blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and b) BACs at a set time after consumption of a known amount of alcohol. These calculations are vital in forensic casework. Previous work has demonstrated that using general error propagation‐based equations the variability associated with alcohol calculations can be estimated, but these equations have only been determined for the volume of distribution version of the Widmark equation. However, recent investigations have shown that the total body water (TBW) version of the Widmark equation is more reliable than the version that utilizes the apparent volume of distribution of ethanol. To date, there is no general error propagation equation to determine the variability associated the TBW version of the Widmark equation. Using previously published studies of 185 individuals in which alcohol elimination rate (β) and ethanol's volume of distribution were determined, we have shown that there is a negative correlation (−0.247) between the alcohol elimination rate (β) and TBW. Using these data, we were able to produce equations allowing the estimation of the variability of the results calculated using the TBW version of the Widmark equation. This will allow forensic practitioners to give the best determination of the variability associated with Widmark calculations currently possible.
Detection of decomposition in mahi‐mahi, croaker, red snapper, and weakfish using an electronic‐nose sensor and chemometric modeling
Authors: Karunathilaka Sanjeewa R. , Ellsworth Zachary , Yakes Betsy Jean 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study evaluated an electronic‐nose (e‐nose) sensor in combination with support vector machine (SVM) modeling for predicting the decomposition state of four types of fish fillets: mahi‐mahi, croaker, red snapper, and weakfish. The National Seafood Sensory Expert scored fillets were thawed, 10‐g portions were weighed into glass jars which were then sealed, and the jars were held at approximately 30°C to allow volatile components to be trapped and available for analysis. The measurement of the sample vial headspace was performed with an e‐nose device consisting of nanocomposite, metal oxide semiconductor (MOS), electrochemical, and photoionization sensors. Classification models were then trained based on the sensory grade of each fillet, and the e‐nose companion chemometric software identified that eight MOS were the most informative for determining a sensory pass from sensory fail sample. For SVM, the cross‐validation (CV) correct classification rates for mahi‐mahi, croaker, red snapper, and weakfish were 100%, 100%, 97%, and 97%, respectively. When the SVM prediction performances of the eight MOS were evaluated using a calibration‐independent test set of samples, correct classification rates of 93–100% were observed. Based on these results, the e‐nose measurements coupled with SVM models were found to be potentially promising for predicting the spoilage of these four fish species.Practical ApplicationThis report describes the application of an electronic‐nose sensor as a potential rapid and low‐cost screening method for fish spoilage. It could provide regulators and stakeholders with a practical tool to rapidly and accurately assess fish decomposition.
Emergency psychiatric assessment, treatment, and healing (EmPATH) unit decreases hospital admission for patients presenting with suicidal ideation in rural America
Authors: Kim Allison K. , Vakkalanka J. Priyanka , Van Heukelom Paul , Tate Jodi , Lee Sangil 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe objective was to evaluate the impact of an emergency psychiatric assessment, treatment, and healing (EmPATH) unit in the emergency department (ED) on hospital admissions, ED length of stay, and 30‐day follow‐up for patients presenting with suicidal ideation or attempt.MethodsThis study was a before‐and‐after analysis of introducing the EmPATH unit within a Midwestern academic medical center on outcomes of adult patients (≥18 years) presenting with suicidal ideation or suicidal attempt. The primary outcome in this study was the change in proportion of inpatient psychiatric admission of suicidal patients presenting to the ED before and after implementation of the EmPATH unit. Secondary outcomes compared were changes in proportion of any admission, incomplete admission defined as discharge from the ED after admission request placed, outpatient follow‐up, return ED visits within 30 days of admission, and ED boarding time. Association between the EmPATH unit implementation and categorical outcomes were determined using log‐binomial regression to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Continuous outcomes were log‐transformed and generalized estimating equations were used to examine as the mean difference by time period.ResultsThere were 962 patients presenting with suicidal ideation (n = 435 before EmPATH unit, n = 527 after EmPATH unit). Compared to the pre‐EmPATH‐unit period, there was a reduction in psychiatric admission (RR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.40 to 0.56), any admission (RR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.58 to 0.73), incomplete admission (RR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.11 to 0.43), and 30‐day return to the ED (RR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.56 to 0.98). ED boarding time among admitted patients was reduced by approximately two‐thirds both in admitted patients (RR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.30 to 0.39) and among those with incomplete admissions (RR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.23 to 0.61). There was a 60% increase in a 30‐day follow‐up care established at the time of discharge (RR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.40 to 1.82).ConclusionsThe introduction of the EmPATH unit has improved management of patients presenting to the ED with suicidal attempts/ideation by reducing ED boarding and unnecessary admissions and establishing post‐ED follow‐up care.
Identifying a limiting factor in the population dynamics of a threatened amphibian: The influence of extended female maturation on operational sex ratio
Authors: Beranek Chad T. , Maynard Cassandra , McHenry Colin , Clulow John , Mahony Michael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUnderstanding amphibian population dynamics is integral to mitigating severe declines that are occurring due to threats such as habitat removal and chytrid‐induced disease. Few studies have focused on sex‐specific population dynamics, despite the potential for these processes to alter colonisation and population turn‐over in newly created habitats. Here, we investigate sex‐specific population dynamics in the threatened green and golden bell frog (Litoria aurea) using intensive capture‐recapture methods in a newly created wetland complex and control sites. As hypothesised, females took longer to reach maturity compared to males. The length of female maturation was 3.9 times greater than that of males (428.68 days ± 107.6 SD and 110.16 days ± 20.59 SD, respectively). This resulted in a one‐year delay in female population size increase compared to the male population. The operational sex ratio (OSR) in the second year of monitoring in the created wetlands had the most disproportionate male bias out of any year and any site (12/1 male/female, male proportion = 0.92 ± 0.89–0.94 95% CI). In the third year, the OSR had become less male biased (2.6/1, male proportion = 0.72 ± 65–0.78 95% CI), likely attributed to the maturing of the females produced in the first year breeding events. We did not find any evidence that survival or detection probability influenced the observed OSRs in the created wetlands. Based on survival rates of each sex, we estimate that males are 77 times more likely to reach sexual maturity compared to females. We postulate that the combination of chytrid‐induced disease and sex‐biased maturation rates may be a driver of declines, especially in populations with limited recruitment. We encourage future research into investigating sex‐specific population dynamics of amphibians, especially relating to reintroduction ecology and disease.
Clinical characteristics of human platelet antigen (HPA)‐1a and HPA‐5b alloimmunised pregnancies and the association between platelet HPA‐5b antibodies and symptomatic fetal neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia
Authors: de Vos Thijs W. , Porcelijn Leendert , Hofstede‐van Egmond Suzanne , Pajkrt Eva , Oepkes Dick , Lopriore Enrico , van der Schoot C. Ellen , Winkelhorst Dian , de Haas Masja 
Published: August 2021

SummaryFetal neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is caused by maternal alloantibodies directed against the human platelet antigens (mostly HPA‐1a or HPA‐5b) of the (unborn) child and can lead to severe bleeding. Anti‐HPA‐1a‐mediated FNAIT shows a severe clinical outcome more often than anti‐HPA‐5b‐mediated FNAIT. Given the relatively high prevalence of anti‐HPA‐5b in pregnant women, the detection of anti‐HPA‐5b in FNAIT‐suspected cases may in some cases be an incidental finding. Therefore we investigated the frequency of anti‐HPA‐5b‐associated severe bleeding in FNAIT. We performed a retrospective nationwide cohort study in cases with clinical suspicion of FNAIT. HPA antibody screening was performed using monoclonal antibody‐specific immobilisation of platelet antigens. Parents and neonates were typed for the cognate antigen. Clinical data were collected by a structured questionnaire. In 1 864 suspected FNAIT cases, 161 cases (8·6%) had anti‐HPA‐1a and 60 (3·2%) had anti‐HPA‐5b. The proportion of cases with severe bleeding did not differ between the cases with anti‐HPA‐1a (14/129; 11%) and anti‐HPA‐5b (4/40; 10%). In multigravida pregnant women with a FNAIT‐suspected child, 100% (81/81) of anti‐HPA‐1a cases and 79% (38/48) of anti‐HPA‐5b cases were HPA‐incompatible, whereas 86% and 52% respectively were expected, based on the HPA allele distribution. We conclude that anti‐HPA‐5b can be associated with severe neonatal bleeding symptoms. A prospective study is needed for true assessment of the natural history of anti‐HPA‐5b mediated FNAIT.
Analysis of implant stability changes in immediate loading using a laser displacement sensor in vivo and comparison of its sensitivity with that of resonance frequency analysis
Authors: Murakami Kazuhiro , Yamamoto Kazuhiko , Ishida Junichi , Tsutsumi Sadami , Kirita Tadaaki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to analyze the stability changes in immediately loaded implants by using an in vivo quantitative measurement of micromotion under functional dynamic loading and to verify the sensitivity of Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA) as compared to that of actual micromotion.Materials and methodsThe micromotions of immediately loaded implants placed in the tibia of 11 rabbits were monitored using a laser displacement sensor. Functional dynamic loading forces were applied 5 days a week for 6 weeks. The implant stability quotient (ISQ) was monitored using RFA.ResultsThe micromotion of the almost‐loaded implants increased to peak values the day after loading was started and subsequently reached a plateau gradually. The ISQ changes in the loaded implants closely correlated with the alterations of the actual micromotion (r = −0.98, p < .01). Although the ISQ value itself correlated with the measured micromotion at the time of initial fixation (r = 0.73, p < .05), it did not correlate with the micromotion of the implant that acquired integration. No close correlation was observed between the ISQ and the histomorphometrical data.ConclusionThe immediately loaded implants showed the lowest stability immediately after the start of loading, which gradually increased thereafter. RFA is considered a useful method for examining stability changes and initial stability; however, it cannot determine the absolute magnitude of the stability after integration.
Live reptile smuggling is predicted by trends in the legal exotic pet trade
Authors: Stringham Oliver C. , García‐Díaz Pablo , Toomes Adam , Mitchell Lewis , Ross Joshua V. , Cassey Phillip 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLive animal smuggling presents a suite of conservation and biosecurity concerns, including the introduction of invasive species and diseases. Yet, understanding why certain species are smuggled over others, and predicting which species will be smuggled, remains relatively unexplored. Here, we compared the live reptile species illegally smuggled to Australia (75 species) to the legal trade of live reptile species in the United States. Almost all smuggled species were found in the legal US pet market (74 species), and we observed an average time lag of 5.6 years between a species first appearing in the United States and its subsequent detection in Australia. Using a Bayesian regression model, species popularity in the United States, and internationally, were positively associated with smuggling probability to Australia. Our findings give insight to the drivers of illegal wildlife trade and our predictive modelling approach provides a framework for anticipating future trends in wildlife smuggling.