bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Witness to Web Sleuth: Does Citizen Enquiry on Social Media Affect Formal Eyewitness Identification Procedures?
Authors: Havard C. , Strathie A. , Pike G. , Walkington Z. , Ness H. , Harrison V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEyewitnesses to crimes may seek the perpetrator on social media prior to participating in a formal identification procedure, but the effect of this citizen enquiry on the accuracy of eyewitness identification is unclear. The current study used a between-participants design to address this question. Participants viewed a crime video, and after a 1–2-day delay were either exposed to social media including the perpetrator, exposed to social media that substituted an innocent suspect for the perpetrator, or not exposed to social media. Seven days after viewing the crime video, all participants made an identification from a video lineup. It was predicted that exposure to social media that did not contain the guilty suspect would reduce the accuracy of subsequent identifications. Analysis revealed no association between social media exposure and lineup response for target present lineups. For target absent lineups, there was a significant association between social media exposure and lineup response, but this was driven by a higher number of correct rejections for participants who saw the guilty suspect on social media. The results suggest that at least in some circumstances, witnesses searching social media do not have a negative effect on formal ID procedures.
A brief scale of pathological worry that everyone already has
Authors: Verkuil Bart , Brownlow Briana N. , Vasey Michael W. , Brosschot Jos F. , Thayer Julian F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWorry is a central process in a wide range of psychopathological and somatic conditions. Three studies (N = 856) were used to test whether a subscale composed of five items of the most commonly used trait anxiety questionnaire, Spielberger’s State Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait version (STAI-T), is appropriate to measure worry. Results showed that the subscale, named the Brief Worry Scale (BWS), had excellent internal consistency and temporal stability. Convergent and divergent validity were supported by correlation analyses using worry questionnaires and measures of anxious arousal and depression. The BWS was a particularly good predictor of the pathogenic aspects of worry, including worry perseveration in daily life (study 1), measures of clinical worry (study 2) and the uncontrollability of experimentally induced worry (study 3). Taken together, these studies demonstrate that the BWS might be a valuable scale for pathological worry, for which many researchers already have data.
Cyanobakterien als Biokatalysatoren
Authors: Nowaczyk Marc M. , Grimm Hanna C. , Assil-Companioni Leen , Kourist Robert 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe highly optimized natural process of oxygenic photosynthesis leads to the formation of redox equivalents, such as NADPH, that can be used to fuel heterologous biotransformations in phototrophic microorganisms. We investigated the reduction of 2-methylmaleimide by the ene-reductase YqjM in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and doubled the productivity of the cells by inactivating flavodiironproteins (FDPs) as competing electron sink under self-shading conditions, reaching 18.3 mmol h−1 L−1.
Metabolic Engineering von Cyanobakterien für nachhaltiges Bioplastik
Authors: Koch Moritz , Forchhammer Karl 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGlobal crises like climate change require the transformation of our industry towards more sustainability. Applying metabolic engineering to cyanobacteria promises to use these phototrophic bacteria for the biosynthesis of carbon-neutral products. As one example, we present how recent advances in basic research have now led to the ability to produce high quantities of bioplastics in cyanobacteria.
Vasopressin-vermittelte Wasserrückresorption im Sammelrohr der Niere
Authors: Baltzer Sandrine , Klussmann Enno 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVasopressin-mediated water reabsorption from primary urine in the renal collecting duct is essential for regulating body water homeostasis and depends on the water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP2).Dysregulation of the process can cause water balance disorders. Here, we present cell-based high-throughput screenings to identify proteins and small molecules as tools to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying the AQP2 control and as potential starting points for the development of water balance disorder drugs.
Trans-agierende Attenuator-RNA und Leaderpeptid in Bakterien
Authors: Melior Hendrik , Evguenieva-Hackenberg Elena 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBacterial transcription attenuators are a source of small RNAs (sRNAs) and leader peptides, for which no own functions were known. However, the attenuator sRNA of the tryptophan (Trp) biosynthesis operon regulates gene expression in trans according to the Trp-availability. Moreover, the cognate leader peptide adopted Trp-independent functions. It builds antibiotic-dependent ribonucleoprotein complexes (ARNPs) for sRNA reprogramming and regulation of ribosomal and multiresistance genes.
Regulation von ABC-Transportern durch FKBPs
Authors: Geisler Markus 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe plant hormone auxin is distributed in the plant by a sophisticated network of importers and exporters, including members of the ABCB subclass of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABCB-mediated auxin transport is controlled by Twisted Dwarf1, a member of the FK506-binding protein (FKBP) family. Here, we summarize current knowledge on ABC transporter regulation by FKBPs, which seems to be conserved over kingdoms and ABC subfamilies arguing for conserved mechanism of plant and mammalian post-translational transporter regulation.
Wie Designer-Rekombinasen Erbkrankheiten heilen könnten
Authors: Lansing Felix , Hoersten Jenna , Buchholz Frank 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRecent advances in nuclease-based genome editing allow for the correction of many point-mutations causing diseases. However, correcting genetic alterations caused by larger chromosomal rearrangements remain challenging with this approach. Designer-recombinases promise to fill this gap as demonstrated by the development of a heterodimeric Cre-based site-specific recombinase system. This system can functionally correct a large gene inversion frequently found in patients with severe Hemophilia A.
Humane neuromuskuläre Organoide — Anwendung und Perspektive
Authors: Martins Jorge Miguel Faustino , Nguyen Lan Vi Ngoc , Gouti Mina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOrganoids are miniature, organ-like structures derived from stem cells. While techniques for developing organoids for different tissues have advanced in the past decade, it has remained a challenge to simultaneously grow two different tissues into a single functional organoid. We have recently developed a 3D neuromuscular organoid that allows the simultaneous generation of spinal neurons and skeletal muscles. Here we discuss their future applications in modeling neuromuscular disorders.
Neue Parameter für die Wirkstofftestung gegen Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Fesser Anna , Kaiser Marcel , Mäser Pascal 
Published: March 2021

AbstractChagas disease is a zoonosis caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by triatomine bugs. Autochthonous to Latin America, Chagas disease has spread globally through travel and migration. New drugs are needed urgently, in particular drugs that cure the chronic stage. This is where high-content imaging makes a key contribution: assays with fluorescent parasites in cell culture allow to determine pharmacodynamic parameters and to better assess the antichagasic potential of new molecules.
Hydro-chemical and microbial assessments of water resources around cassava mills in a sedimentary formation of Ilaro, Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Ojo Akintayo O. , Ogunyinka Opeyemi O. , Daramola Oluwatoyin O. , Olaoye Felix A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe use of water resources from hand-dug wells, boreholes and streams around cassava processing mills within Ilaro metropolis, Ogun State Nigeria for domestic and industrial activities had led to the assessments of water resources in the vicinities of Ekueme, Olorungbogo, Double Crown, Olalandu and Akewe cassava mills. Eleven water samples were collected and taken to the laboratories for physiochemical, heavy metals and microbial analyses. The values obtained were compared with the WHO standards for drinking water. The pH (4.68–7.41) revealed acidic water with relatively low temperatures (24.7–29.2 ℃). The EC (79.80–221.00 mS/cm) indicated very high level of dissolved ionic salts, TU (0.200–0.684 mg/L) revealed the presence of particulate matters, and TH (15.10–22.70 mg/L) showed moderate water hardness. The anions NO3−, PO43− and Cl− concentrations indicated contaminations ranging from 65.42–110.80, 7.210–8.310 and 195.25–427.00 mg/L, respectively. Cations Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ had relatively low concentrations ranging from 14.49–20.96, 4.30–11.29 and 10.50–11.50 mg/L, respectively. The concentrations of Fe, Ni, Cd and Pb were high and ranged from 3.87–5.10, 1.27–2.82, 0.07–2.69 and 0.03–0.96 mg/L, respectively. The microbial counts in for total bacteria, fungi, E. coli and total coliform were also high ranging from 1.0–93.0, 0.1–1.3, 0.1–9.2 and 0.1–9.3 (106 CFU/ml), respectively. All these parameters indicated statistically significant difference between their concentrations at p = 0.000 and between the physiochemical and microbial results at p = 0.006. The qualities of the water resources around the study areas had been highly compromised and are not suitable for domestic activities.
What determines the success and failure of environmental crowdfunding?
Authors: Kubo Takahiro , Veríssimo Diogo , Uryu Shinya , Mieno Taro , MacMillan Douglas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOnline crowdfunding can help address the perennial financial shortfalls in environmental conservation and management. Although many online crowdfunding campaigns fail to collect any funds due to not achieving their targets, little is known about what drives success. To address this knowledge gap, we applied a mixed-methods approach to data from 473 successful and failed campaigns hosted on the online crowdfunding platform Readyfor. We found that fundraising performance varied by topic, with campaigns on pet animal management outperforming those focussed on landscape management and sustainable use. We also found that marketing strategies associated with online findability and increased reach through social networks, increased fundraising success. However, the existence of other environmental campaigns running simultaneously, reduced the chance of success, which implies that the selecting popular topics does not always increase the likelihood of success due to increased competition. Wider applications of marketing could enhance the ability of environmental crowdfunding campaigns to raise funds.
Can public awareness, knowledge and engagement improve climate change adaptation policies?
Authors: Khatibi Farzaneh Shaikh , Dedekorkut-Howes Aysin , Howes Michael , Torabi Elnaz 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCommunities that are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change need to adapt to increase their resilience. Effective government policies and plans are a key component of this transition, but they are not sufficient in themselves. The community needs to be made aware of the risks, acquire knowledge about the options that are available for a response, and be empowered to take their own actions. Effective public engagement is therefore key to success in planning for climate change. This paper focuses on the importance of public engagement in climate change adaptation policy. It undertakes a systematic quantitative review of the literature dealing with the core themes of climate change awareness, knowledge, and engagement in policy-making. The findings reveal a gap in the existing academic literature on public engagement, its impacts on different types of knowledge, and the integration of both into climate change adaptation policy. In addition, findings show a strong link between public knowledge and engagement that can be used to encourage and motivate the public by using behavioural economics as a policy instrument. The paper also makes a useful contribution by identifying more effective strategies to improve climate change resilience and sustainability.
Role of gender participation in urban household energy technology for sustainability: a case of Kathmandu
Authors: Shrestha Bindu , Tiwari Sudarshan , Bajracharya Sushil , keitsch Martina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSustainability has endured as a global topic in terms of quality of life and energy-saving for an equalized system. Households represent one of the most energy-consuming sectors globally and are expected to increase tremendously in the future. Women have higher responsibility in the household energy use in most societies. However, their participation and impacts have been less prioritized in the sustainability concept regarding energy perspective. In contrast, most development studies reveal that women's participation in managing resources can positively impact women and policy management. However, women's active participation and influences on social, economic, and environmental contexts are mostly ignored in energy-related decisions, disregarding women's productive activities. Thus, this study evaluates the gender role in urban household energy in three contexts of economic, social, and environmental aspects of sustainability pillars. This study is exploratory research based on questionnaire survey, interviews, observation, and air quality tests to apprehend appropriate data. The study revealed that the lower-income group uses a larger share of their monthly income for household energy with unclean cooking fuel. It has an impact on low-willingness to participate in new energy technology purchases. The use of electrical appliances and income has a moderate correlation (r = .48). However, Kathmandu urban households are eager to use electric cooking, but urban women have insufficient knowledge, information, and less affordability for new technology. The city's sustainability level is still low (47 scores) from a gender perspective, and it suggests the city needs a long way on the sustainability route. The study concluded that innovative technical interventions and women's financial power are essential, including the subsidy policy to reduce inequality between low and high energy household share variation and elevate gender participation. The gender mainstreaming approach in energy policy can increase women's participation in energy technology to get a clean environment and reduce the nation's financial burden of importing fuel.
Looking to the future of the cyber security landscape
Authors: Ali Rashid 
Published: March 2021

Last year marked a turning point in the industry as organisations accelerated their digital transformation efforts. The move towards more cloud-based tools and remote working has been dominating the conversation over recent years, but in 2020 this need was kicked into overdrive for many organisations – it was a case of innovate or be left behind. The move towards more cloud-based tools and remote working has dominated the conversation in recent years. But in 2020 this need was kicked into overdrive. The acceleration of digital transformation has reinforced the importance of cyber security and brought into focus the need to manage and secure against remote devices and threats. Rashid Ali of Wallix explains how businesses need to ensure they have complete control and visibility of all company data, while supporting employee productivity.
Can't find that perfect gift? Blame the bots
Authors: Somanath Gayathri 
Published: March 2021

Online fraud rings and retail scalping outfits are increasingly turning to automation and artificial intelligence (AI) for the same reasons that businesses in every industry have embraced these technologies. Simply put, deploying smart machines allows businesses to become more accurate, more efficient and more profitable. In the end, bad actors who work to take advantage of online brands and retailers are entrepreneurs. They embrace innovation and new ways of expanding their portfolios – and their success. Online fraud rings and retail scalping outfits are increasingly turning to automation and artificial intelligence (AI). As much as 70% of traffic to ecommerce checkout pages is generated by malicious bots. Retailers need to turn to machine learning and a powerful data platform, combining a robust fraud solution that can differentiate legitimate from fraudulent transactions with a flexible tool that can understand and monitor complex business policies, explains Gayathri Somanath of Signifyd.
The Effect of Greenhouse Pollination Methods on Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Tomatoes in Japan
Authors: Nishimura Takeshi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSince 2017, the Japanese government has been phasing out the use of non-native bumblebees as greenhouse tomato pollinators due to their ecological risks. We used an online questionnaire to investigate whether pollination methods affect consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for tomatoes. We found that consumers valued the use of non-native bumblebees more than hormonal treatment and native more than non-native bees. Moreover, we found that informing consumers of the ecological risks increased WTP for native bumblebees and hormonal treatment. These results suggest that pollination method labeling may help protect ecosystems from the threat of non-native species.
Priorities in Medical Research: elite dynamics in a pivotal episode for British health research
Authors: Davies Stephen M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPriorities in Medical Research(PMR) was published in 1988 by a select committee of the House of Lords. The report ushered in an era of NHS research and development (R & D) that lasted from 2001 to 2006. The inquiry's origins lay in concerns about academic medicine in the United Kingdom, yetPMRgave relatively little attention to this subject. Instead the report focused critically on the disconnect between the Department of Health and the NHS in R & D. This, the committee argued, had led to the neglect of research into health services and public health. To sidestep the report's unwelcome proposal for a National Health Research Agency, the department eventually grafted R & D management onto structures created as part of wider NHS reforms. The Medical Research Council successfully pursued a strategy of keeping the committee's attention away from sensitive aspects of its own programme. The final focus ofPMRwas shaped by an alignment between committee members with an industrial view of research and champions of health services research. The actions of the various actors involved are interpreted using elite models of the state, and the applicability of these models is critically examined.
PSEUDO-APULEIUS’DE FATO
Authors: Costantini Leonardo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe note presents the discovery of a spurious Apuleian work entitledDe fatofrom MS n° 1040 at the Bibliothèque patrimoniale Villon in Rouen. This work is, in fact, a series of excerpts from Firmicus Maternus, MathesisBook 1.
What leads government officials to use impact evidence?
Authors: Beesley Celeste , Hawkins Darren , Moffitt Nicholas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough the amount of policy-relevant academic research has grown in recent years, studies still find that policy practitioners seldom employ such research in their decisionmaking. This study considers potential methods for increasing government officials’ use of academic studies (impact evidence). We investigate how administrative accountability mechanisms as suggested by principal-agent approaches – screening, monitoring, autonomy and sanctions – correlate with practitioner engagement with impact evidence. Original survey data from 300 government officials in two developing countries, Peru and India, suggest that all four mechanisms are correlated with self-reported interest in or use of impact evidence. When we measured the actual use of such evidence on a website we created to facilitate that outcome; however, we found that only sanctions (income) correlate with actual use. These findings highlight the potential of administrative accountability to increase bureaucrats’ use of impact evidence but also warn of possible limitations.
Determining the likelihood of incidents caused by human error during dynamic positioning drilling operations
Authors: Sanchez-Varela Zaloa , Boullosa-Falces David , Larrabe-Barrena Juan L. , Gomez-Solaeche Miguel A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe probability of a human-caused incident occurring during dynamic positioning (DP) drilling operations is determined in this paper using binary logistic regression models built with data on 42 incidents that took place during the period 2011–2015. For each case, a range of variables characterising the configuration of the DP system, weather conditions and water depth are taken into account. These variables are taken into account to develop a logistic regression model that shows the likelihood of an incident being caused by human error. The results obtained show that human-based incidents are significantly more likely to occur when there is a lower usage of thrusters. These results are useful for focusing our attention on variables that may be associated with incidents attributable to human error, as well as for setting operational limits that could help to prevent these incidents and improve safety during these operations.
Powers of paths in tournaments
Authors: Draganić Nemanja , Dross François , Fox Jacob , Girão António , Havet Frédéric , Korándi Dániel , Lochet William , Correia David Munhá , Scott Alex , Sudakov Benny 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this short note we prove that every tournament contains the k-th power of a directed path of linear length. This improves upon recent results of Yuster and of Girão. We also give a complete solution for this problem when k=2, showing that there is always a square of a directed path of length , which is best possible.
Kant on the Fundamental Forces of Matter: Why Attraction and Repulsion?
Authors: Howard Stephen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article addresses a simple question that has rarely been asked of Kant’s philosophy of nature: why are attraction and repulsion the two fundamental forces of matter? Where proposals can be found in the literature, they are divergent. I provide a new answer, which has strong support from the historical context: Kant pursues a modified version of what I call the ‘reduction method’ that was much debated in the German metaphysical tradition. To this, Kant crucially adds his critical doctrine of regulative ideas, revealing an overlooked way that the Appendix to theCritiqueinforms his philosophy of nature.