bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precocious puberty in male wild boars: a possible explanation for the dramatic population increase in Germany and Europe
Authors: Maistrelli Claudia , Hüneke Hanna , Langeheine Marion , Keuling Oliver , Siebert Ursula , Brehm Ralph 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundThe wild boar population in Europe is steadily growing, one of the reasons for this increase probably being the high reproductive potential of this large mammal. Population management is important to stabilise wild boar numbers and a great deal of attention is focusing on the reasons, which might contribute to the high reproductive rates. Understanding the timing of puberty attainment provides information required for proper management practices. Knowledge of the earliest expected time of sexual maturation in male wild boars is limited, research being mostly focused on females. Previous hunting references indicate that sexual maturity in males occurs in the second year after birth. In contrast, male domestic pigs become sexually mature from about seven months of age. Thus, aims of this study were to investigate (1) whether there is a physiological ability for reproduction also in male wild boars of a younger age and (2) whether the body weight of wild boar males has a more important role than age in driving the maturation of the testis.MethodsMale wild boar individuals were sampled during hunting drives in the eastern part of Lower Saxony in Germany. Testes with epididymides from 74 males were collected and prepared for histological examination and immunohistochemistry. The reproductive status could be ascertained based on development/occurrence of different germ cell populations using histology and based on the immunohistochemical detection of the anti-Müllerian hormone and androgen receptor.ResultsIn this study, male wild boars aged nine to ten months already passed puberty and were able to reproduce if they had reached the appropriate body condition of about 29 kg dressed weight. Immunopositivity to the anti-Müllerian hormone in Sertoli cells was evident only in prepubertal animals and decreased with the onset of puberty. No immunoreaction was evident at postpuberty. The androgen receptor was detected in Sertoli cells, peritubular cells and Leydig cells, surprisingly already in Sertoli cells of prepubertal wild boars as well depending on body weight. Moreover, two-thirds of young males aged about ten months were precociously reproductively mature, showing histologically the presence of spermatozoa in testes and epididymides.ConclusionsAs piglets are mostly born in spring, also these young male individuals could target the heat of female wild boars in the winter months, resulting in the observed population increase. Therefore, a reduction in wild boar numbers should also focus on piglets of both sexes.
Speciation of Manganese in Natural Waters Using Differential Pulse Stripping Voltammetry in Correlation with Physico-chemical Parameters
Authors: Šestan Indira , Odobašić Amra , Šestan Almir , Bratovčić Amra , Ahmetović Melisa 
Published: July 2021

To understand the bio-geochemical distribution, activities and environmental consequences of heavy metals, it is very important to know their physico-chemical form and the conditions under which the transformation from one form to another occurs. The bioavailability of heavy metals directly depends on the physico-chemical conditions of the environment, the concentration of anions and cations in water, the content of heavy metals as well as the ionic strength. Depending on the physico-chemical properties of water, metals are found in water as free ions or as complex compounds. Their change in the form in which metals occur is significantly influenced by pH, temperature, alkalinity, water hardness, organic matter, and biological activity. The total concentration of metal in water is only an indicator of pollution, and it is necessary to determine the form of the metal. Differential Pulse Anode Stripping Voltammery with mercury electrode was used for determination of chemical speciation. Manganese belongs to the group of essential heavy metals if its concentration does not exceed the maximum allowed value.
The aim of this work is to determine the available forms of manganese in the water of Modrac Lake in relation to the analyzed physico-chemical parameters. In addition to industrial applications, Modrac Lake is also used as an alternative source of drinking water, and it is a strategic resource for water supply of the region of north-eastern Bosnia.
Advanced Physical Rehabilitation in Hairline Coccyx Fracture: A Case Report
Authors: Jachak Shrushti , Samal Snehal 
Published: July 2021

Background: The fracturing of Coccyx is an injury normally caused by trauma. A fall on the buttocks can cause a coccyx fracture that may go radiographically unnoticed. There is substantial discomfort in the patient that can persist for months. Coccygectomy is suggested in cases that, after more than 2 months of conservative treatment, demonstrate coccydynia. There is little evidence available on the feasibility of this technique, though, and it is considered to have a high complication rate. As such, it requires other treatment techniques.Here, in order to effectively minimize coccydynia in a coccyx fracture patient, we report our experience using another conservative treatment option. The care consists largely of resting, physiotherapy and analgesics.
Presenting Symptoms and Diagnosis: : A 21-year-old girl had increased pain i.e. coccydynia after a traffic accident( RTA) induced by coccyx fracture. She visited physiotherapy department with complaints of pain in coccyx area, tenderness, difficulty in mobility (pain while standing from sitting position) and difficulty in performing activities of daily living (ADL). Patient gives history of road traffic accident 2 months ago, a autorickshaw dashed the patient from behind. She went to orthopedic department where X-ray was performed and she diagnosed with hairline coccyx fracture. On inspection, patient was in pain, her NPRS score was 8. Her pain was aggravated by movements and relieved at rest. Patient came with slight stooping posture. On palpation we did found that the swelling and tenderness was present with tightness. Whereas on musculoskeletal assessment, we found that there was decreased range of motion, hypomobile joints, increased tone and muscle spasm.
Therapeutic Intervention and Outcomes: Patient was on medical treatment and bed-rest, treated with the analgesic and use of ring cushion was advised. She was also advised to reduce the weight bearing on buttocks. Cross-strapping of buttocks was done. After the completion of bed-rest, her condition was improved but she was having pain and could not perform squatting activities and other activities of daily living. Physiotherapy treatment was planned for the same.
Conclusion: Timely physiotherapy treatment is quite helpful to perform her everyday activities independently. This case study reveals the patient with hairline coccyx fracture experience full recovery after conservation management.
A Study on C-Reactive Protein Levels in Pancreatic Diseases and Its Prognostic Significance
Authors: Durge Shubham , Ramteke Harshal , (Pate) Meenakshi Yeola 
Published: July 2021

Background: Pancreatic diseases are one of the most prevalent challenges faced by surgeons throughout their work. Unless and until surgery is noted for its complications, the most traditional management line has always been conservative. As a diagnostic tool for it, amylase and lipase have been used to date, but some prognostic methods such as CRP are being used in this research, assessing its importance as a prognostic tool
Objectives:

To measure levels of CRP in patients of pancreatic diseases and evaluating if CRP concentrations expect the magnitude of the disease.
To assess the accuracy levels of CRP in diagnosing pancreatic diseases by assessing with CT diagnosing.
To find out correlation between levels of C-reactive protein and CT findings in pancreatic diseases.

Methodology: It is a prospective observational study completed on the patients of pancreatic diseases. It will be conducted at Surgery Department, JNMC and AVBRH, Sawangi (Meghe), DMIMS Wardha (DU).
Results: The result would be undertaken in SPSS software
Conclusion: Conclusion will be based on findings for study of protocol
Assessment of Risk Factors in the Causation & Outcomes of Diabetic Foot
Authors: Kumar Chava Aravind , Mahakalkar Chandrashekhar , (Pate) Meenakshi Yeola 
Published: July 2021

Background: Diabetic foot identifies a Diabetic patient foot that has a potential risk of pathological risk effects that includes inflammation, ulceration and deep tissue destruction consistent with neurological disorders, differing degrees of Peripheral arterial disease , and lower limb with metabolic complications. An ulcer is a breach of the continuity of skin, epithelium of mucous membrane in the body which is caused by removal of necrotic tissue . Foot ulcers may be caused by numerous medical conditions. The key to treatment is daily sterile dressing till the formation of healthy granulation tissue, infection control by appropriate use of antibiotics, surgical interventions such as debridement or amputation if needed.
Methods: It will be a observational study, done on the patients with Diabetic foot . It will be conducted at Dept. of General Surgery, J.N.M.C. and AVBRH, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha of DMIMS (DU). The study will be conducted on patients of foot ulcers.
Objectives:

To evaluate the microbiological and clinical characteristics of diabetic foot infection
To analyze the outcomes of a patient with diabetic foot with underlying risk factors HBA1c, Hypertension, Smoking, Diabetic Neuropathy, Recurrence, Obesity, Peripheral arterial diseases.
To analyze the association of Risk factors in the causation of Diabetic foot.
To predict outcome parameters based on Risk factors and its treatment modalities.

Results: The results will be analyzed after data collection in SPSS software.
Conclusion: Conclusion will be drawn on findings of study.
Awareness of Myopia amongst Parents of School Going Children in a Survey Done in a Tertiary Care Centre in Vidarbha Region, India
Authors: Muley Sonal , Saoji Chetan , Pande Nikhil , Sanghavi Shruti 
Published: July 2021

Background: There is a increase in prevalence and burden of myopia in India, hence extent of myopia awareness among Indian parents is required to prepare future public health initiatives and interventions. Hence a survey was conducted.
Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the level of myopia awareness among a group of parents based in Vidarbha region of India.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey, 150 parents with at least one child under the age of 16 years participated in the study. Age, gender, educational qualification and number of children were asked, the amount of time a child spends on his device, the acceptable distance between the eyes and device screen, the preventive measures of myopia and awareness of symptoms of myopia in their children were collected via a written questionnaire.
Results: Eighty-three participants (55.33%) thought that the safe distance between device screen and eyes was less than 30cms. Fifteen 10% (15/150) participants were aware that outdoor activity and natural light has a preventive effect on myopia and onset and progression. 16.66% (25/150) and 63.33% (95/150) of the participants, respectively, were aware that looking into the distance and taking regular breaks from device use prevent myopia onset and progression. Hundred (66.66%, 100/150) participants reported that regular eye check-ups were important for children. Overall, only 14 participants (9.33%) were aware that all 4 strategies are important for myopia management. Majority of the participants reported that their children spent 2 hours on screen (73.33%,110/150), none of the participants reported study time of 4 hours or more than 4 hrs, 15 participants reported study time of 3 hours (10 percent), 25 participants reported screen time of 1 hour (16.66%). Majority of the participants were not aware of the rule of 20-20-20, looking into the distance in online study and prolonged screen time (73.33%,110/150).
Only twenty participants reported headache and tiredness (9.7%) in their children, no other symptoms were recognised.
Conclusion: Survey demonstrated a poor level of awareness of protective role of outdoor activity in its onset and progression. Importance of regular eye check-ups and outdoor activity and risks of smart device usage should be included in awareness programs and other health education programs.
In Vivo Experiments Provide Evidence That Flavobacterium psychrophilum Strains Belonging to Multilocus Sequence Typing Clonal Complex ST191 Are Virulent to Rainbow Trout
Authors: Knupp Christopher , Faisal Mohamed , Wiens Gregory D. , Brenden Travis O. , Loch Thomas P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative agent of bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD), causes significant economic losses worldwide, particularly in farmed Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Over the last decade, multilocus sequence typing has revealed &gt;30 clonal complexes (CCs) globally, comprised of &gt;320 F. psychrophilum sequence types (STs). Despite the large number of CCs worldwide, CC-ST10, which is currently the largest CC affecting Rainbow Trout, has been the primary focus of F. psychrophilum virulence studies, leaving the role of other CCs as primary causes of BCWD epizootics unclear. To this end, fingerling Rainbow Trout were experimentally challenged with F. psychrophilum strains belonging to the CC now recognized as the second largest in the world (CC-ST191) alongside CC-ST10 strains. Cumulative percent mortality was 100% in 7-month-old Rainbow Trout and between 27.8% and 61.1% in 8-month-old Rainbow Trout. All examined F. psychrophilum STs were virulent to Rainbow Trout, and no significant differences in virulence between CC-ST10 and CC-ST191 were detected. Due to their wide distribution and high pathogenic potential, both CC-ST191 and CC-ST10 F. psychrophilum strains are excellent candidates for further research aimed at preventing and controlling BCWD.
SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA Detection by a Cellphone‐Based Amplification‐Free System with CRISPR/CAS‐Dependent Enzymatic (CASCADE) Assay
Authors: Silva Filipe S. R. , Erdogmus Eda , Shokr Ahmed , Kandula Hemanth , Thirumalaraju Prudhvi , Kanakasabapathy Manoj K. , Hardie Joseph M. , Pacheco Luis G. C. , Li Jonathan Z. , Kuritzkes Daniel R. , Shafiee Hadi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCRISPR (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)‐based diagnostic technologies have emerged as a promising alternative to accelerate delivery of SARS‐CoV‐2 molecular detection at the point of need. However, efficient translation of CRISPR‐diagnostic technologies to field application is still hampered by dependence on target amplification and by reliance on fluorescence‐based results readout. Herein, an amplification‐free CRISPR/Cas12a‐based diagnostic technology for SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA detection is presented using a smartphone camera for results readout. This method, termed Cellphone‐based amplification‐free system with CRISPR/CAS‐dependent enzymatic (CASCADE) assay, relies on mobile phone imaging of a catalase‐generated gas bubble signal within a microfluidic channel and does not require any external hardware optical attachments. Upon specific detection of a SARS‐CoV‐2 reverse‐transcribed DNA/RNA heteroduplex target (orf1ab) by the ribonucleoprotein complex, the transcleavage collateral activity of the Cas12a protein on a Catalase:ssDNA probe triggers the bubble signal on the system. High analytical sensitivity in signal detection without previous target amplification (down to 50 copies µL−1) is observed in spiked samples, in ≈71 min from sample input to results readout. With the aid of a smartphone vision tool, high accuracy (AUC = 1.0; CI: 0.715 – 1.00) is achieved when the CASCADE system is tested with nasopharyngeal swab samples of PCR‐positive COVID‐19 patients.
Fast Charging of Lithium‐Ion Batteries: A Review of Materials Aspects
Authors: Weiss Manuel , Ruess Raffael , Kasnatscheew Johannes , Levartovsky Yehonatan , Levy Natasha Ronith , Minnmann Philip , Stolz Lukas , Waldmann Thomas , Wohlfahrt‐Mehrens Margret , Aurbach Doron , Winter Martin , Ein‐Eli Yair , Janek Jürgen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFast charging is considered to be a key requirement for widespread economic success of electric vehicles. Current lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) offer high energy density enabling sufficient driving range, but take considerably longer to recharge than traditional vehicles. Multiple properties of the applied anode, cathode, and electrolyte materials influence the fast‐charging ability of a battery cell. In this review, the physicochemical basics of different material combinations are considered in detail, identifying the transport of lithium inside the electrodes as the crucial rate‐limiting steps for fast‐charging. Lithium diffusion within the active materials inherently slows down the charging process and causes high overpotentials. In addition, concentration polarization by slow lithium‐ion transport within the electrolyte phase in the porous electrodes also limits the charging rate. Both kinetic effects are responsible for lithium plating observed on graphite anodes. Conclusions drawn from potential and concentration profiles within LIB cells are complemented by extensive literature surveys on anode, cathode, and electrolyte materials—including solid‐state batteries. The advantages and disadvantages of typical LIB materials are analyzed, resulting in suggestions for optimum properties on the material and electrode level for fast‐charging applications. Finally, limitations on the cell level are discussed briefly as well.
Lewy Body–like Inclusions in Human Midbrain Organoids Carrying Glucocerebrosidase and α‐Synuclein Mutations
Authors: Jo Junghyun , Yang Lin , Tran Hoang‐Dai , Yu Weonjin , Sun Alfred Xuyang , Chang Ya Yin , Jung Byung Chul , Lee Seung‐Jae , Saw Tzuen Yih , Xiao Bin , Khoo Audrey Tze Ting , Yaw Lai‐Ping , Xie Jessica Jiaxin , Lokman Hidayat , Ong Wei‐Yi , Lim Grace Gui Yin , Lim Kah‐Leong , Tan Eng‐King , Ng Huck‐Hui , Je Hyunsoo Shawn 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveWe utilized human midbrain‐like organoids (hMLOs) generated from human pluripotent stem cells carrying glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA1) and α‐synuclein (α‐syn; SNCA) perturbations to investigate genotype‐to‐phenotype relationships in Parkinson disease, with the particular aim of recapitulating α‐syn– and Lewy body–related pathologies and the process of neurodegeneration in the hMLO model.MethodsWe generated and characterized hMLOs from GBA1−/− and SNCA overexpressing isogenic embryonic stem cells and also generated Lewy body–like inclusions in GBA1/SNCA dual perturbation hMLOs and conduritol‐b‐epoxide–treated SNCA triplication hMLOs.ResultsWe identified for the first time that the loss of glucocerebrosidase, coupled with wild‐type α‐syn overexpression, results in a substantial accumulation of detergent‐resistant, β‐sheet–rich α‐syn aggregates and Lewy body–like inclusions in hMLOs. These Lewy body–like inclusions exhibit a spherically symmetric morphology with an eosinophilic core, containing α‐syn with ubiquitin, and can also be formed in Parkinson disease patient–derived hMLOs. We also demonstrate that impaired glucocerebrosidase function promotes the formation of Lewy body–like inclusions in hMLOs derived from patients carrying the SNCA triplication.InterpretationTaken together, the data indicate that our hMLOs harboring 2 major risk factors (glucocerebrosidase deficiency and wild‐type α‐syn overproduction) of Parkinson disease provide a tractable model to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms for progressive Lewy body formation. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:490–505
Electrochemical Activation of Diverse Conventional Photoredox Catalysts Induces Potent Photoreductant Activity**
Authors: Chernowsky Colleen P. , Chmiel Alyah F. , Wickens Zachary K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHerein, we disclose that electrochemical stimulation induces new photocatalytic activity from a range of structurally diverse conventional photocatalysts. These studies uncover a new electron‐primed photoredox catalyst capable of promoting the reductive cleavage of strong C(sp2)−N and C(sp2)−O bonds. We illustrate several examples of the synthetic utility of these deeply reducing but otherwise safe and mild catalytic conditions. Finally, we employ electrochemical current measurements to perform a reaction progress kinetic analysis. This technique reveals that the improved activity of this new system is a consequence of an enhanced catalyst stability profile.
Hygroscopic Double‐Layer Gel Polymer Electrolyte toward High‐Performance Low‐Temperature Zinc Hybrid Batteries
Authors: Yan Changyuan , Wang Yangyang , Chen Zixuan , Deng Xianyu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAqueous zinc hybrid batteries have been rapidly developed to overcome the sluggish kinetics of divalent zinc ions in the cathode of Zn‐based batteries. However, their cycle life is limited by water decomposition during the operation, specifically at low current rate for long‐term cycles. Herein, we propose a zinc hybrid battery with excellent adaptability of low‐temperature, at which the water decomposition is seriously restrained. The battery involves a hygroscopic double‐layer gel polymer electrolyte, in which one layer close to the LiFePO4 cathode provides Li+, and the other layer close to the Zn anode provides Zn2+. The use of the double‐layer electrolyte can both weaken the water reactivity and increase the salt concentration, leading to a high‐performance of the batteries. It enables the hybrid batteries to operate at −20 °C and achieve stability for over 300 cycles with a capacity retention of 85.14 % and Coulombic efficiency of ∼100 % at a low current rate of 85 mA g−1. Moreover, the spontaneous hygroscopic system, opposite to that of “water‐in‐salt”, can efficiently reduce manufacturing costs and improve ionic conductivity. This provides an advanced pathway for designing electrolytes to achieve high‐performance and low‐cost batteries with excellent adaptability of low‐temperature.
Correction: A product‐limit estimator of the conditional survival function when cure status is partially known
Authors: Safari Wende C. , López‐de‐Ullibarri Ignacio , Jácome M. Amalia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn error was detected in the derivation of the expression of the cumulative hazard function in a recently published paper by Safari, W. C., López‐de‐Ullibarri, I., and Jácome, M. A. (2021), A product‐limit estimator of the conditional survival function when cure status is partially known. Biometrical Journal, 63(5), 984–1005, https://doi.org/10.1002/bimj.202000173. This short article aims to correct this error. There are some changes in the model notation in Section 2, the derivation of the expression of the cumulative hazard function in the Appendix, and the proofs of Lemmas 3 and 4 in the Supporting Information. Moreover, there is a small change in the generation of the values of the censoring variable in the simulation study. As a consequence, the simulation results in Section 4 are affected. A corrected version of these sections is given in the Supporting Information.