bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing satisfaction index on traditional pigmented rice plant attributes between upland and lowland farmers
Authors: Hanifa Arini Putri , Millner James , McGill Craig , Sjahril Rinaldi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study is conducted to evaluate the satisfaction index of traditional pigmented rice plant attributes from farmer perspectives. Farmer respondents are selected from two regions of traditional pigmented rice producers in South Sulawesi: the lowland of Jeneponto and the upland of Toraja. Face to face data collection using questionnaires are used as a research instrument. Respondents were required to rate the importance and satisfaction of plant attributes based on five-point Likert scales. The answers are analysed using Customer Satisfaction Index formula. Result showed that the satisfaction index in the lowland of Jeneponto is higher than in upland of Toraja, as much as 67.16 and 56 respectively. Similar agreement from both lowland and upland farmers was found in lower yield performance of traditional pigmented rice than expected. As the end-user of released varieties, farmers’ perspective on importance and satisfaction level on plant attributes is essential for guidance in breeding and varietal improvement.
Isolation, characterization and identification of nitrogen fixing bacteria with organic fertilizer applications in paddy soil
Authors: Hadija  , Kuswinanti T. , Jayadi M. , Larekeng S.H 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The high organic matter content allows soil microbial activity to recycle organic matter, which is essential for life, such as the nitrogen cycle. The process of biological nitrogen fixation by microorganisms is crucial for nitrogen entry into the nitrogen cycle. This study aims to isolate and characterize nitrogen-fixing bacteria in paddy soil using organic fertilization applications. This study was conducted in Salassae Village, Bulukumba, South Sulawesi, Laboratory of Microbiology, Soil Science Department, Hasanuddi University. This research method is a descriptive study using morphological Characterization, biochemical tests, and molecular identification. This study succeeded in isolating ten nitrogen-fixing bacterial isolates from wetland soil samples using organic fertilizers. Morphological characterization results showed quite different results in terms of color, size, shape, and level. The highest nitrogen-fixing ability test was obtained in isolates. L1.P, where the highest nitrogen fixation ability was 0.26%. Biochemical Characterization using VITEK®. 02 shows that almost all biochemical tests show a positive reaction. The identification of Nitrogen-fixing bacteria species using 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that L1.P was identified with 99% similarity to Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtillis str. 168.
The daytime indoor and outdoor temperatures of the subterranean termite Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) tunnel
Authors: Arinana  , Philippines I , Koesmaryono Y , Sulaeha S , Maharani Y , Indarwatmi M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The termite’s life cycle is affected by weather conditions, including temperature. To keep its activities safe from any direct light, termites design tunnels to hide. This research aims to analyze the temperature subterranean termite tunnel Coptotermes curvignathus inside and outside the room. Tunnel temperature measurement was carried out by thermocouple tool. The research was conducted at Forest Products Research and Development Center, Gunung Batu, Bogor. The results showed that the temperature in the tunnel’s indoor ranged between 25.8 - 34.1 °C while temperatures in the tunnel’s outdoor ranged between 25.0 - 32.7 °C. The tunnel’s indoor temperature was 0.8 °C to 1.4 °C warmer than the tunnel’s outdoor temperature, while the surrounding’s indoor temperature was 0.2 °C warmer than the surrounding’s outdoor temperature.
Green house gases emission of livestock sector in East Kalimantan using Tier-1 2019 refinement
Authors: Arifin M D , Gunawan S G , Amin M , Mubarak H 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The livestock sector is a significant contribution to Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) emissions, especially methane CH4 and nitrous oxide N2O. Each livestock species has a specific characteristic of emission. This research aims to determine the contribution of the livestock sector to GHG emissions in 2019 in East Kalimantan and to predict GHG from this sector over the next ten years. This research estimates the amount of GHG emitted by the livestock sector using formulas and constant values from the IPCC method Tier-1 2019 Refinement. The GHG emission is calculated for each gas based on the population of each species obtained from the East Kalimantan Statistical Center. The projection of GHG is calculated based on the population growth for each livestock species. The result shows the highest emission is contributed by Kutai Kartanegara Regency, 24 % and Beef Cattle 155.14 Gg CO2e or 79%. The projection shows GHG emissions increasing to 340,4 Gg CO2-e in 2030, assuming no significant mitigation effort was conducted.
Ability of rhizosphere fungi isolated from Swietenia mahagoni litter to produce organic matter-degradating enzymes
Authors: Mukrimin M , Gusmiaty G , Patandean H 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In general, soil is inhabited by various microorganism, including fungi, which greatly influence the plant growth. Fungi producing enzymes are very helpful in term of decomposition process. The composting process requires an activator in organic matter decompotion. To determine wheater fungi produce enzymes, it is necessary to evaluate the activity of the enzyme substrates in the fungi particularly producing cellulose, amylase, chitinase and pectinase enzymes. To assess enzyme production, those isolates were inoculated onto Czapek Dox Agar (CDA) media added with Triphenylmethane dyes, as well as cellulose, starch, chitin and pectin substrates. The results of this study revealed that the genus Rhizopus and Fusarium were the most effective fungi producing cellulase, amylase, chitinase, and pectinase. This study is the first report on the fungal activities degrading organic matter isolated from S. mahagony.
Impact of climate and land use change on the erosion of the upstream Kelara Watershed
Authors: Limbong A , Barkey R , Umar A , Rijal S , Nursaputra M , Chairil A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
South Sulawesi has been affected in recent years by natural disasters. One of the areas affected by the flood disaster is the Jeneponto District, which is included in the Kelara Watershed ecosystem’s boundary. Extreme weather conditions cause flood disasters, and land use in the upper reaches of the Kelara watershed do not match its designation, which causes an increase in the rate of erosion. Climate change analysis with projected precipitation from the CSIRO General Circulation Model Mk3.5. The estimated land cover change uses a combination of the Geographic Information System, remote sensing, and Markov Chain Cellular Automata method with Landsat images. Prediction of erosion rates using the Universal Soil Loss Equation method. The annual rainfall of 2026 has decreased due to a significant decrease in rainfall during the dry season. In 2006-2016, changes in land use were not significant. In the land-use projection for 2026, there will be significant changes in land use. The use of paddy fields has increased over a wider area, while other land uses continue to follow the previous trend of reducing the surface. The prediction of future erosion will only increase by one ton/ha/year. Intense erosion classes will experience a reduction in the area of about 200 hectares in 2026. Based on this, the land is not a problem in the future, but an issue that must be prepared for its management is a drought when considering climate change conditions.
An assessment of high carbon stock and high conservation value approaches in mining area
Authors: Larekeng S H , Nursaputra M , Nasri  , Hamzah A S , Mustari A S , Arif A R , Ambodo A P , Lawang Y , Ardiansyah A 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe impact of forest degradation due to open-pit mining activities causes sustainable ecological damage. Mining activities that are not organized due to the mineral exploration process have resulted in many forest areas experiencing degradation. This degradation certainly reduces the level of carbon sequestration in the area, impacting the sustainability of environmental functions around the mining area. The high carbon stock (HCS) approach is a way to help companies implement their ‘no deforestation’ commitments. The high carbon stock approach will identify forests that must be protected and land that can be developed. Forests with high carbon stocks are maintained because they function as carbon stores, habitats for biodiversity, and provide the necessities of life for local communities. Therefore, this study aims to obtain data on the potential for carbon stocks and create a spatial model for distributing carbon content in the concession area of PT. Vale Indonesia can later be determined as high conservation value (HCV) areas using the high carbon stock approach. Measurement of carbon content in the study used an allometric equation that has been developed, then the distribution of carbon was made using the spatial vegetation index model obtained from Sentinel 2 imagery. The results showed an area of 30,526.49 (42.97%), which had high carbon stock with an average carbon stock of 106.09 ton/ha, which needed to be maintained as an area of high conservation value in the mining area of PT. Vale Indonesia.
Mapping of energy demand and potential of biofuel development in Kelara watershed
Authors: Kartopa Delwin Ipang , Barkey Roland , Soma Andang Suryana , Rijal Syamsu , Nursaputra Munajat , A Chairil 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The increase in population on earth is increasing, stimulating the need for energy to grow. The Indonesian Government is looking for alternative renewable energies such as Biofuels. Various types of biofuel plants have been developed, such as Nyamplung and Kemiri Sunan. These biofuel crops can also be used for land rehabilitation and reduced carbon emissions in the Kelara watershed, which have been in critical condition. On this basis, a study on the mapping of energy needs and potential for the Development of biofuel plants in the Kelara watershed. This study makes extensive use of the analysis of geographic information systems. The analysis begins with the zoning of the watershed morphology (upstream, middle, and downstream). Watershed morphology zoning in a watershed for energy demand data collection using the energy list recording method. This method represents energy use data, including the type and volume of energy use, the affordability of energy sources, the availability of energy stocks, and people’s purchasing power for energy. Also, spatial analysis of land suitability for Nyamplung and Kemiri Sunan plants as a function of biophysical conditions and critical lands for biofuel energy development. Biophysical conditions include elevation, slope, annual precipitation, dry months, soil pH, and soil texture. Most Kelara watershed people work as farmers, with the most significant number of dependents of 3-5 persons/heads of households around 73.68%. The average energy needs of the community are around 396,437 kcal/day for LPG and firewood. The potential for biofuel development for the Nyamplung type is 10,130 hectares, with an area of 5,477 hectares in critical lands. The potential for the Development of Kemiri Sunan biofuels 17,370 ha with an area of 3,479 ha. The future Development of biofuel energy is a concept of sustainable Development. Economically, biofuel crops serve as sources of income for the community and ecologically improve soil conditions, carbon storage sources, and function hydrology.
Policy analysis of the adaptation of Makassar city’s government for climate change and global warming
Authors: Sipato W Dg. , Darlin E D , Mustari K , Kaimuddin  
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Government plays important role in adapting, planning, and implementing to work and Program succeeded with the right target depend on central government, regional government, and national institutions, also international institution involvement. The research aims to analyze Makassar regional government to adapt to climate-changing by seeing programs include adaptation, funding pattern, and knowledge of regional government about climate changing and global warming issues. Research implementing in Makassar in August-October and continued by doing a comparative study in Semarang to complete the data. Sampling uses non-probability sampling with a purposive sampling approach. Data analysis using descriptive, qualitative, and comparative. The result has shown Makassar regional Government has been responding to climate changing. This is shown by policy and adaptation strategy in document RAD-API. But, the government has a barrier in coordinating and funding their implementation. This makes the adaptation could not work effectively. Further, the lack of government knowledge about climate changing and global warming issues also contributes to preventing integration of policy process to regional development planning.
Screening and identification of cellulolytic fungi at rhizosphere of safira taro plant
Authors: Wisdawati E , Kuswinanti T , Rosmana A , Nasruddin A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Agriculture waste and pathogen cell wall of plant contain a lot of cellulose which are very difficult to degrade. One of the ways to hydrolyse them is through utilizing cellulase, an enzyme produced from secondary metabolite of cellulolytic fungi. This research was aimed at isolating fungi from rhizosphere of safira taro plant and testing the isolate capability to produce cellulase enzyme to be able to act as decomposer and biocontrol of the plant. The research methods are isolating rhizosphere fungi, testing isolate capability in producing cellulase enzyme and identifying potential isolate producing cellulolytic fungi. It obtained 10 fungi isolates, 4 were negative and 6 positive in producing cellulase enzyme with cellulolytic index 1.16 – 1.66. The highest index was RTB14 isolate which belongs to Aspergillus flavus.
Dynamic of soil properties under an exotic pine (Pinus sp.) species growing in Bantaeng Regency
Authors: Mukrimin M , Ghiffary M I , Anshari M F , Gusmiaty G , Restu M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
One of the conifer species that can thrive in Indonesia is Pinus merkusii. This pine is an endemic species on the island of Sumatra, particularly in Aceh, Tapanuli, and Kerinci. In addition, there were other exotic species (Pinus sp.) growing on the island of Sulawesi. However, it has never been reported before. Therefore, this study aims to examine and describe the soil characteristics under Rombeng Pine (Pinus sp.) stand in Bantaeng Regency in terms of information on the soil nutrients under the Pinus sp. stand. The used method included sampling soil and collecting tree tissues. The results showed that the characteristics of soil properties varied. Both physical and chemical soil characteristics varied, particularly in soil texture class, organic matter content, C%, N%, C/N ratio, P2O5, and Mg.
Diversity of meranti (Shorea spp) in secondary forest of tropic area in Mempawah District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Herawatiningsih Ratna , Thamrin Eddy 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The demand for the wood as basic human need is increasing in line with the population growth worldwide. Meranti (Shorea spp.) is a species of commercial tree that has been traded since the start of forest exploitation. This plant easily grows in various habitats, including tropics areas, such as secondary tropical rain forest located in Mempawah District, West Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to determine and reviewing the diversity of Shorea spp in secondary forest in Mempawah District, West Kalimantan. The observation was carried out by a survey method using a combination of path and line square methods. The paths were put with a purposive sampling method in many areas of that secondary forest that have Shorea spp in each site of observation. Following to the result, there were four species of meranti (Shorea spp), including Shorea platyclados (Meranti Batu), Shorea leprosula (Meranti Bunga), Shorea pinanga (Meranti Merah), Shorea bracteolatadyer (Meranti Putih) in each growth stage from seedling, stake, pole, and tree, but not dominate in the secondary forest of Mempawah District. The observation found that those Shorea spp there had the Dominance Index in seedling, stake, pole, and tree stages was less than 0.5, the Species Diversity Index was overflowing (H 1 ≤ H ≤ 3), while the Species Abundance was less than 1.
Diversity and association of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) in landslide-impacted area
Authors: Prayudyaningsih R , Nursyamsi  , Prasetyawati C A , Suryanto H 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The lack of nutrient availability, organic matter, infiltration capacity, water holding capacity, and the increasing soil density are characteristics of a landslide-impacted area. Potential soil microbes such as indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi (AMF) should be used to rehabilitate the area. Therefore, diversity of AMF and its association with plant roots that colonize the land should be determined. The research location was in a landslide-impacted area of Mount Bawakaraeng, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Soil and plant root samples were collected from 2 types areas, namely (1) upstream (Lengkese village) and (2) downstream (Spoilbank of Bili-Bili dam). The results found 15 morphotypes of AMF spores including genus Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Scutellospora and Glomus. The spore density of AMF was low, i.e 837 and 1,495 in upstream and downstream areas respectively. Most of the pioneer plants that invaded the area were associated with AMF, indicated by 19.44 – 95.48% colonization level. The low density of spores proves that the impact of landslides has resulted in decreased soil biological properties. Meanwhile, the AMF colonization in pioneer roots indicated the association of mycorrhizal fungi is needed to help plant survival and improve the soil properties. Furthermore, landslide-impacted areas can be restored and used as agriculture areas.
Organoleptic, chemical, and microbiological characteristics of goat milk yogurt using Lactobacillus plantarum T14 and T35 with the addition of stevia sweetener
Authors: Purwaningsih  , Rosida I N , Djaafar T F , Marwati T , Wikandari R , Rahayu E S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Yogurt is a functional food that is in demand by the public. The high sucrose content in yogurt can cause health problems, especially for people with diabetes mellitus. Making goat milk yogurt using stevia as a sweetener is one solution. The purpose of this study was to know the organoleptic, chemical, and microbiological characteristics of goat milk yogurt fermented using Lactobacillus plantarum T14 and T35, which added with stevia sweetener. This research was conducted using a Factorial Completely Randomized Design. The first factor was the strain of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), namely Lactobacillus plantarum T14 and Lactobacillus plantarum T35. The second factor was the concentration of stevia, namely 0%; 0.25%; and 0.5%. The yogurt processing was carried out by adding goat milk with 10% skim milk and 1% (v/v) LAB inoculum, then incubated at 37 °C for 16 hours. We found that goat milk yogurt with a Lactobacillus plantarum T14 and a stevia concentration of 0.25% was the most preferred. The your contents of protein, water, fat, titrated acid, and ash content were 6.48-6.57%; 78.11-80.45%; 5.03-5.16%; 0.56-0.61%;and 1.50-1.55%, respectively. The log increase of Lactobacillus plantarum T14 and T35 about 1.48-1.54 and 0.17-0.45, respectively.
Inhibition the growth of fungi and improving the quality of cocoa beans through fermentation using lactic acid bacteria
Authors: Marwati Tri , Purwaningsih  , Djaafar T F , Sari A B T , Hernani  
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The addition of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) improved the fermentation performance of cocoa bean. Uncontrolled fermentation causes the mycotoxin contamination in cocoa which is produced by fungi. Lactic Acid Bacteria that have been shown to inhibit fungi are from the species Lactobacillus plantarum and fermentum. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the ability of Lactobacillus plantarum and fermentum to increase the quality and inhibit mold growth of cocoa beans. This research was carried out using Completely Randomized Design. We examined one variable, namely the use of dry starter culture (with Lactobacillus plantarum, with Lactobacillus fermentum, with mixed culture of Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Acetobacter aceti, and without starter culture). We found that the addition of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum in combination with Saccharomycess cerevisiae and Acetobacter aceti could provide suitable temperature and pH conditions for a good fermentation process of cocoa beans and suppress the growth of fungus. Fermented cocoa beans produced by those starter cultures could meet the quality requirements of Indonesian National Standard 2323:2008/Amd1:2010.
Characteristics of simplicia ginger (Zingiber officinale) and lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) powder by different drying method
Authors: Khaerunnisa  , Mahendradatta M , Asfar M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to produce qualified simplicia of ginger and lemongrass powder by determining water content, antioxidant activity, and the characteristic of color and aroma. Two stages of drying were conducted, namely, the conventional method using open-air sun drying and the oven method with a temperature of 50°C for 24 hours. The method used to determine water content was based on SNI 01-2891-1992, and antioxidant activity was determined using the UV. VIS spectrophotometry method. The data were analyzed according to descriptive analysis. The results indicated that the simplicia ginger and lemongrass powder in the oven drying method resulted in lower moisture content, higher antioxidant activity, stronger aroma quality, and lighter color compared to the conventional drying. The water content of ginger and lemongrass powder was 6.75% and 7.2% in oven drying, while the conventional methods were 7.25% and 10.15%, respectively. The antioxidant activity of ginger and lemongrass powder in oven drying was 65.12% and 51.63%, while the conventional methods were 62.41% and 50.05%, respectively. Based on this study, it can be concluded that the simplicia of ginger and lemongrass powder indicated the better characteristics and quality with the oven drying method at 50°C for 24 hours compared to the conventional method using open-air sun drying.
The effect of soaking time on mucilage removal from the coffee bean using pectinase enzyme
Authors: Fitri  , Tawali A B , Laga A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The perfect coffee fermentation process is characterized by the release of mucilage that covers the coffee beans. The mucilage that doesn’t come off entirely from the coffee beans can affect the taste of the coffee. The mucilage, which is composed of pectin, can be removed using the pectinase enzyme. This study aims to determine the optimal soaking time required to remove the mucilage from the coffee beans. Coffee beans are soaked in a liquid containing the pectinase enzyme for 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours. The results showed that soaking coffee beans for 4 hours in the pectinase enzyme was the best contact time in releasing the coffee bean mucilage. Soaking coffee beans for 4 hours in the pectinase enzyme produced a pectin yield of 0.25%, total dissolved solids 1.05°Brix, pH 6.55, and total sugar 15.67%.