bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dysphagia management in Parkinson's disease: Comparison of the effect of thickening agents on taste, aroma, and texture
Authors: Baert Florence , Vlaemynck Geertrui , Beeckman Anne‐Sophie , Van Weyenberg Stephanie , Matthys Christophe 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDysphagia is a frequent symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD). Thickening liquids facilitates safe swallowing, however, low treatment compliance is a major issue, due to patients’ dislike of thickened liquids. Some studies suggest a negative impact of gum‐based thickeners, currently most used in clinical practice, on sensory properties compared to starch‐based thickeners. This has not yet been investigated in PD. This study's aim was to compare taste, texture, and aroma of gum‐based and starch‐based thickened soups in participants with PD. Gum‐based resource thicken up clear (RTUC) and starch‐based kitchen products potato starch (PS) and quinoa flour (QF) were evaluated in broccoli soup. Texture, aroma, and taste were characterized by rheology, volatile, and sensory profiling. Thickened soups were evaluated in participants with PD and controls through a paired comparison test. Reduced release of 61.4%, 46.2%, and 38.5% of volatiles was observed after thickening with RTUC, PS, and QF, respectively. Overall taste intensity was reduced in RTUC‐ and PS‐thickened soup, respectively. Taste and aroma of PS‐thickened soup were considered more intense by 70.3% and 63.8% of all participants, respectively (n = 36 PD, n = 41 controls), 56.3% preferred the PS‐thickened soup's texture . Taste and aroma of QF‐thickened soup were considered more intense by 68.1% and 65.6% of all participants, respectively (n = 47 PD, n = 31 controls), 58.0% preferred the QF‐thickened soup's texture. Starch‐based thickeners demonstrated higher taste and aroma intensity. However, volatile and sensory profiling demonstrated reduced taste and aroma in all thickeners. Combining kitchen products with flavor enhancers may increase palatability of thickened beverages.
Effectiveness of EGFR‐TKI rechallenge immediately after PD‐1 blockade failure
Authors: Kaira Kyoichi , Kobayashi Kunihiko , Shiono Ayako , Yamaguchi Ou , Hashimoto Kosuke , Mouri Atsuto , Shinomiya Shun , Miura Yu , Imai Hisao , Kagamu Hiroshi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is currently insufficient information available on effective therapies that can be administered to patients with non‐small cell cancer (NSCLC) who develop resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKIs). However, sequential treatment via programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) blockade followed by EGFR‐TKI rechallenge is suggested to improve the therapeutic efficacy in such patients.MethodsA total of 75 patients with advanced NSCLC harboring sensitive EGFR mutations treated with afatinib, erlotinib, or gefitinib after EGFR‐TKI treatment failure were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 13 patients were treated with EGFR‐TKI rechallenge immediately after the failure of PD‐1 blockade therapy (experimental group) and the remaining 62 patients did not receive PD‐1 inhibitor therapy before EGFR‐TKI rechallenge (control group). Blood samples were collected at two time points; before the initiation of anti‐PD‐1 therapy and at EGFR‐TKI rechallenge.ResultsThe objective response rates of EGFR‐TKI rechallenge in the experimental and control groups were 46.1% and 16.1%, respectively, with a significant difference (p = 0.026). In the experimental group, the median progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) after EGFR‐TKI rechallenge were 5.0 and 25.0 months, respectively, and no statistically significant difference in the percentage of lymphocytes before immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy and EGFR‐TKIs was observed in patients with partial response (PR) and without PR after EGFR‐TKI rechallenge. In particular, the sequential treatment of PD‐1 blockade therapy followed by EGFR‐TKI rechallenge was consecutively repeated three times in two out of 13 patients in the experimental group, and EGFR‐TKI rechallenge consecutively for the third time yielded a PR without increased toxicities.ConclusionsEGFR‐TKI rechallenge immediately after PD‐1 blockade treatment was identified as an effective therapy for NSCLC patients with resistance to EGFR‐TKIs.
Use of dental services among middle‐aged adults: predisposing, enabling and need variables
Authors: Singh KA , Brennan DS 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo examine if making a visit, number of visits and services varied by predisposing (gender, perceived health competence, education, previous relief of pain visit), enabling (dental anxiety, income, social support) and need (perceived need, number of teeth and oral pain) characteristics.MethodsDental visiting and services data from a sample of middle‐aged South Australian adults were collected from 61% of participants at 12‐months (n = 603) and 59% after 24‐months (n = 583). Visiting over 2‐years, mean visits and mean services were analysed by log binomial and Poison regression using the Andersen and Newman model.ResultsThe percentage having a dental visit over 2‐years was lower for males than females, prevalence ratio (PR, 95% CI) 0.91 (0.84, 0.99), and for higher than lower dental anxiety, PR = 0.78 (0.62, 0.98). Number of visits was associated with higher than lower income, rate ratio (RR, 95%CI) 1.20 (1.02, 1.41) but lower for those with higher social support, RR = 0.86 (0.74, 0.99). Services were lower for those with higher perceived health competence, RR = 0.72 (0.56, 0.92) but higher for those with perceived needs, RR = 1.22 (1.01, 1.46).ConclusionsWhile need and cost factors predict dental service use, psychosocial variables such as health competence and social support also need to be considered.
Do Campaign Contribution Limits Curb the Influence of Money in Politics?
Authors: Gulzar Saad , Rueda Miguel R. , Ruiz Nelson A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOver 40% of countries around the world have adopted limits on campaign contributions to curb the influence of money in politics. Yet, we have limited knowledge of whether and how these limits achieve this goal. Using a regression discontinuity design that exploits institutional rules on contribution limits in Colombian municipalities, we show that looser limits increase the number of public contracts assigned to donors to the elected candidate. This is explained by looser limits increasing the influence of top donors over the elected candidate, rather than reducing electoral competition or changing who is elected to office. We further show that looser limits worsen the quality of public contracts given to the winner's donors: These contracts are more likely to run over their stipulated costs. Overall, this article links looser campaign contribution limits, donor kickbacks, and worse performance of contracts awarded to donors.
Periprosthetic fractures of the femur in primary total hip arthroplasty: a New Zealand Joint Registry analysis
Authors: Stringer Mark R. , Hooper Gary J. , Frampton Christopher , Kieser David C. , Deng Yi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeriprosthetic femoral fractures around total hip arthroplasty (THA) are increasing annually, and are a major cause for revision surgery in the New Zealand Joint Registry (NZJR). The aim of this study was to determine the timing and risk factors for periprosthetic femoral fractures in THA requiring revision surgery in the NZJR.MethodsAll patients with a primary THA who sustained a periprosthetic femoral fracture requiring revision THA recorded in the NZJR were reviewed to determine age, gender, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) rating and femoral stem fixation (cemented or uncemented). Revision rates were calculated per 100 component years (cy), and risk factors determined in the first 90 days, and beyond.ResultsBetween 1999 and 2017, there were 713 revision THA for periprosthetic femoral fractures. Early revision THA was significantly associated with ASA score and body mass index ≥40. There was no gender difference (P = 0.274). The revision rate in uncemented femoral stems (1.12/100 cy) was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than cemented stems (0.16/100 cy). After 90 days, the revision rate was significantly higher with increasing age (P < 0.001), males (P < 0.001) and higher ASA score (P < 0.001). The difference between cemented (0.07/100 cy) and uncemented (0.05/100 cy) stems did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.108).ConclusionThe rate of revision THA for periprosthetic femoral fracture is higher in uncemented femoral stems in the first 90 days, and is significantly associated with ASA score and morbid obesity. After 90 days, the rate is lower for uncemented femoral stems, but did not reach statistical significance.
Strategic approach to minimally invasive necrosectomy for necrotizing pancreatitis: technique, complications and predictors of outcome
Authors: Mohapatra Nihar , Sasturkar Shridhar V. , Falari Sanyam , Sandhyav Rommel , Kumar Niteen , Agrawal Nikhil , Arora Asit , Pamecha Viniyendra , Chattopadhyay Tushar K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundMinimally invasive retroperitoneal necrosectomy has been an integral component of ‘step‐up’ approach for infected pancreatic necrosis. Even though the clinical outcome of nephroscopic necrosectomy has been studied earlier, its predictor and morbidities following surgery have not been extensively evaluated. We aimed to evaluate the clinical outcome and early and late complications after percutaneous nephroscopic necrosectomy (PCNN).MethodsThe pre‐ and intra‐operative as well as post‐operative and follow‐up data of severe pancreatitis patients undergoing PCNN were collected prospectively.ResultsOut of 115 patients requiring intervention, 40 patients (34.78%) improved with percutaneous drain alone and another 40 proceeded for PCNN. After exclusion, 37 patients successfully underwent 48 sessions of PCNN. Median number of PCNN session was 1 (1–4). Early complications were seen in 21 (56.75%) patients and mortality was experienced in eight (21.62%) patients. On median follow‐up of 36 months, 12 (32.43%) patients experienced late complications. Persistent post‐operative pancreatic fistula was observed in six (16.21%) patients. Of these, three developed late‐onset pseudocyst, whereas one patient had disconnected duct syndrome. Seven patients experienced new‐onset diabetes. Age, severity of pancreatitis, preoperative organ failure and multiorgan failure were significant predictors of mortality on univariate analysis (P ≤ 0.05 for each). The logistic regression analysis revealed presence of multiorgan failure before surgery as the sole predictor (P = 0.007; odds ratio 10.417; 95% confidence interval 1.759–61.672).ConclusionPreoperative multiorgan failure was the most important predictor of mortality following PCNN. Late complications were seen in nearly one‐third of patients emphasizing the need for long‐term follow‐up.
Examining prosecutorial decision‐making in plea bargaining: An experimental paradigm in a community sample
Authors: Votruba Ashley M. , Tisdale Casey N. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractScholars estimate that 90–95% of guilty pleas are the result of plea bargaining and there is a growing body of empirical research on plea bargain decision‐making. We use a new experimental paradigm that mimics prosecutors’ actual decision‐making processes to examine factors that influence plea bargaining decisions. Participants received a casefile detailing a theft from an electronics store. This casefile—fabricated to reflect one a prosecutor would actually receive—included a police report, witness statements, and a criminal history report. In these materials, we manipulated the defendant's motive, the severity of the crime, and the defendant's criminal history and measured the impact of these factors on participants’ decisions to offer a plea and the severity of the plea offers—operationalized as sentence offer length. The results indicated that the vast majority of the participants initially decided to offer a plea. The severity of the crime (operationalized as value of the theft) and defendant's criminal history impacted plea decisions, such that higher severity and a criminal history of theft increased the length of the sentence offer. Contrary to our hypothesis, the defendant's motive had no effect on plea offers. These results parallel current sentencing practices codified in law. Policy implications are discussed.
Astaxanthin Z‐isomer‐rich diets enhance egg yolk pigmentation in laying hens compared to that in all‐E‐isomer‐rich diets
Authors: Honda Masaki , Kawashima Yuki , Hirasawa Kazuaki , Uemura Takeshi , Sun Jinkun , Hayashi Yoshiaki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe effects of feeding diets containing astaxanthin with different Z‐isomer ratios to laying hens on egg qualities, such as astaxanthin concentration in egg yolk and yolk color, were investigated. As the astaxanthin source, a natural microorganism Paracoccus carotinifaciens was used. Astaxanthin with different Z‐isomer ratios was prepared by thermal treatment with different conditions and then added to the basal diet at a final astaxanthin concentration of 8 mg/kg. We found that, as the Z‐isomer ratios of astaxanthin in the diet increased, the astaxanthin concentration in egg yolk and the yolk color fan score also increased significantly. Importantly, feeding a 50.6% Z‐isomer ratio diet increased astaxanthin concentration in egg yolk by approximately fivefold and the color fan score by approximately 2 compared to that in hens fed an all‐E‐isomer‐rich diet. Moreover, we showed that feeding Z‐isomer‐rich astaxanthin to laying hens increased plasma astaxanthin concentration by more than five times in comparison to that in hens fed an all‐E‐isomer‐rich diet. These results indicate that Z‐isomers of astaxanthin have higher bioavailability than that of the all‐E‐isomer and thus they exhibit greater egg yolk‐accumulation efficiency.
Fatty acid profile as affected by fat depot and the sex category of Polish Holstein‐Friesian × Limousin fattening cattle fed silage ad libitum
Authors: Sobczuk‐Szul Monika , Mochol Magdalena , Nogalski Zenon , Pogorzelska‐Przybyłek Paulina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study was designed to compare the fatty acid profiles of four types of fat depots from bulls, steers, and heifers. All animals were Polish Holstein‐Friesian and Limousin crossbreds fattened semi‐intensively—silage at libitum and concentrate in the amount corresponding to 30% of their net energy requirements. The fatty acid profile in intramuscular, intermuscular, and external and internal fat was determined. The intramuscular fat of bulls was most abundant in total PUFAs and n‐6 PUFAs, and functional fatty acids C 18:2, C 20:4, and C 22:5 in comparison with steers and heifers. Regardless of sex category, intramuscular and external fat were characterized by higher levels of UFAs and a more desirable MUFA/SFA ratio than the remaining fat types. It should also be noted that external fat was more abundant in CLA than other fat types, and that the highest CLA content was found in bull fat, compared with the remaining sex categories of cattle.
Effect of weaning method on body weight, testicular growth, sexual behavior, age of puberty, and testosterone concentration of Beetal bucks
Authors: Amjad Muhammad , Hameed Nasir , Khan Muhammad Irfan‐ur‐Rehman , Ullah Farid , Sattar Abdul 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe current study evaluates the effects of early (8th week) and late (16th week of age) weaning of male goat kids on their body growth, testicular growth, sexual behavior, plasma testosterone concentration, and pubertal age. Early (n = 6) and late (n = 7) weaned Beetal bucks were weekly monitored from 18th to 38th week for their body weight, scrotal circumference, testicular volume, testicular echogenicity (via ultrasonography), sexual activities, and plasma testosterone concentration. In comparison to early‐weaned, late‐weaned bucks showed a marked increase (p < .05) in body weight (11.4 ± 0.8 vs. 13.7 ± 0.6kg), testicular volume (44.1 ± 7.2 vs. 79.8 ± 18.7cm3), scrotal circumference (10.7 ± 0.6 vs. 12.8 ± 0.7cm), and testicular echogenicity (28.3 ± 2.7 vs. 38.3 ± 2.1) from 18th, 28th, 21st, and 24th week onward, respectively. Sexual activities started earlier in late‐ than early‐weaned bucks (22nd vs. 25th week, respectively). Moreover, the sexual behavior index was better (p < .05) after the 34th week in late than early‐weaned bucks. The plasma concentration of testosterone (at 39 weeks of age) was relatively more and the onset of puberty was 2–3 weeks earlier (p < .05) in late than early‐weaned bucks. In conclusion, age‐based early weaning of male kids impairs their testicular growth, sexual behavior, and age at puberty compared to conventional weaning.
Deferasirox induces cyclin D1 degradation and apoptosis in mantle cell lymphoma in a reactive oxygen species‐ and GSK3β‐dependent mechanism
Authors: Samara Aladin , Shapira Saar , Lubin Ido , Shpilberg Ofer , Avigad Smadar , Granot Galit , Raanani Pia 
Published: February 2021

SummaryMantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a difficult‐to‐treat B‐cell malignancy characterized by cyclin D1 (CD1) overexpression. Targeting CD1 in MCL has been shown to be of therapeutic significance. However, treatment of MCL remains challenging since patients are still subject to early and frequent relapse of the disease. To ensure their high proliferation rate, tumour cells have increased iron needs, making them more susceptible to iron deprivation. Indeed, several iron chelators proved to be effective anti‐cancer agents. In this study, we demonstrate that the clinically approved iron chelator deferasirox (DFX) exerts an anti‐tumoural effect in MCL cell lines and patient cells. The exposure of MCL cells to clinically feasible concentrations of DFX resulted in growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis. We show that DFX unfolds its cytotoxic effect by a rapid induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that leads to oxidative stress and severe DNA damage and by triggering CD1 proteolysis in a mechanism that requires its phosphorylation on T286 by glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK3β). Moreover, we demonstrate that DFX mediates CD1 proteolysis by repressing the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/AKT/GSK3β pathway via ROS generation. Our data suggest DFX as a potential therapeutic option for MCL and paves the way for more treatment options for these patients.
Linking Quality and Quantity of Parental Linguistic Input to Child Language Skills: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Anderson Nina J. , Graham Susan A. , Prime Heather , Jenkins Jennifer M. , Madigan Sheri 
Published: February 2021

This meta‐analysis examined associations between the quantity and quality of parental linguistic input and children’s language. Pooled effect size for quality (i.e., vocabulary diversity and syntactic complexity; k = 35; N = 1,958; r = .33) was more robust than for quantity (i.e., number of words/tokens/utterances; k = 33; N = 1,411; r = .20) of linguistic input. For quality and quantity of parental linguistic input, effect sizes were stronger when input was observed in naturalistic contexts compared to free play tasks. For quality of parental linguistic input, effect sizes also increased as child age and observation length increased. Effect sizes were not moderated by socioeconomic status or child gender. Findings highlight parental linguistic input as a key environmental factor in children’s language skills.
Causal Explanations for Weight Influence Children’s Social Preferences: Biological‐Essentialist Explanations Reduce, and Behavioral Explanations Promote, Preferences for Thin Friends
Authors: Carvalho Keri , Peretz‐Lange Rebecca , Muentener Paul 
Published: February 2021

The current study experimentally investigated the impact of causal‐explanatory information on weight bias over development. Participants (n = 395, children ages 4–11 years and adults) received either a biological or behavioral explanation for body size, or neither, in three between‐subjects conditions. Participants then made preference judgments for characters with smaller versus larger body sizes. Results showed that both behavioral and biological explanations impacted children’s preferences. Relative to children’s baseline preferences, behavioral explanations enhanced preferences for smaller characters, and biological explanations reduced these preferences—unlike the typical facilitative impact of biological‐essentialist explanations on other biases. The explanations did not affect adults’ preferences. In contrast to previous findings, we demonstrate that causal knowledge can impact weight bias early in development.
Use of dental services by disability status in Brazil in 2013
Authors: Macarevich Condessa Aline , Pilotto Luciane Maria , Celeste Roger Keller , Hilgert Juliana Balbinot 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the prevalence and factors associated with the use of oral health services in people with and without disabilities in Brazil.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was used with the secondary data of 60,202 individuals from the Brazilian National Health Survey of 2013. The main exposure variable was ‘Disability’, and the main outcome was ‘Dental service use’. Independent variables were selected using the modified Andersen and Davidson model, according to four groups: exogenous variables, primary determinants of oral health, health behaviours and oral health conditions. The analysis was based on a hierarchical approach stratified by ‘disability (yes/no)’, with multiple logistic regression incorporating sampling design. Interaction terms between the disability variable and covariates were tested in logistic regression models.ResultsA total of 45.5% of the people without disabilities and 34.1% of those with disabilities visited the dentist in the last year. In the crude model, the nondisabled group used dental services more (OR = 1.61, 95%CI = 1.45‐1.79), but the difference was no longer significant (OR = 1.18, 95%CI = 0.93‐1.51) when adjusted by the health behaviour and oral health condition blocks. Determinants of dental use were similar among people with and without a disability.ConclusionsNo difference in dental service use according to disability status was found after adjusting for oral health conditions. Although edentulism is more prevalent among disabled people, they do not go to the dentist as regularly as nondisabled people. Health services should actively schedule maintenance visits to ensure that the needs of disabled individuals are fully addressed.