bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chapter 2: Metallogeny of the Neoarchean Malartic Gold Camp, Québec, Canada
Authors: Souza De Stéphane , Perrouty Stéphane , Dubé Benoît , Mercier-Langevin Patrick , Linnen Robert L. , Olivo Gema R. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Malartic gold camp is located in the southern part of the Archean Superior Province and straddles the Larder Lake-Cadillac fault zone that is between the Abitibi and Pontiac subprovinces. It comprises the world-class Canadian Malartic deposit (25.91 Moz, including past production, reserves, and resources), and smaller gold deposits located along faults and shear zones in volcanic and metasedimentary rocks of the Abitibi subprovince. North of the Larder Lake-Cadillac fault zone, the Malartic camp includes 2714 to 2697 Ma volcanic rocks and ≤2687 Ma turbiditic sedimentary rocks overlain by ≤2679 to 2669 Ma polymictic conglomerate and sandstone of the Timiskaming Group. South of the fault, the Pontiac subprovince comprises ≤2685 Ma turbiditic graywacke and mudstone, and minor ultramafic to mafic volcanic rocks and iron formations of the Pontiac Group. These supracrustal rocks were metamorphosed at peak greenschist to lower amphibolite facies conditions at ~2660 to 2658 Ma, during D2 compressive deformation, and are cut by a variety of postvolcanic intrusions ranging from ~2695 to 2640 Ma.
The Canadian Malartic deposit encompasses several past underground operations and is currently mined as a low-grade, open-pit operation that accounts for about 80% of the past production and reserves in the camp. It dominantly consists of disseminated-stockwork replacement-style mineralization in greenschist facies sedimentary rocks of the Pontiac Group. The mineralized zones are spatially associated with the Sladen fault and ~2678 Ma subalkaline to alkaline porphyritic quartz monzodiorite and granodiorite. Field relationships and isotopic age data for ore-related vein minerals indicate that gold mineralization in the Canadian Malartic deposit occurred at ~2665 to 2660 Ma and was contemporaneous with syn- to late-D2 peak metamorphism. The smaller deposits in the camp include auriferous disseminated-stockwork zones of the Camflo deposit (1.9 Moz) and quartz ± carbonate-pyrite veins and breccias (0.6 Moz) along faults in chemically and mechanically favorable rocks. The age of these deposits is poorly constrained, but ~2692 Ma postmineral dikes, and ~2625 Ma hydrothermal titanite and rutile from the Camflo deposit highlight a long and complex hydrothermal history. Crosscutting relationships and regional geochronological constraints suggest that an early episode of pre-Timiskaming mineralization occurred at &gt;2692 Ma, shortly after the end of volcanism in the Malartic camp, and postmetamorphic fluid circulation may have contributed to concentration or remobilization of gold until ~2625 Ma. However, the bulk of the gold was concentrated in the Canadian Malartic deposit during the main phase of compressive deformation and peak regional metamorphism.
Chapter 7: Paleoproterozoic Gold Deposits of the Loulo District, Western Mali
Authors: Allibone Andrew , Lawrence David , Scott John , Fanning Mark , Lambert-Smith James , Stenhouse Paul , Harbidge Reinet , Vargas Carlos , Turnbull Rose , Holliday Joel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Paleoproterozoic (Rhyacian) gold deposits of the Loulo district in western Mali contain &gt;17 million ounces (Moz) Au and form part of the second most highly endowed region within West Africa. The deposits are located within siliciclastic, marble, and evaporitic rocks of the ca. 2110 Ma greenschist facies Kofi series, which were folded and inverted between ca. 2100 and 2070 Ma, prior to gold mineralization. Deposits at Yalea and Gounkoto are located along discontinuous, low-displacement, albite- and carbonate-altered shear zones, whereas Gara is confined to a tourmaline-altered quartz sandstone unit. Lodes typically plunge gently to moderately, reflecting the attitude of folds in the adjacent rocks and bends in the host shear zones, both of which influenced their location.
Gold mineralization in the Loulo district was broadly synchronous with emplacement of the Falémé batholith and associated Fe skarn mineralization, which intrude and overprint the western margin of the Kofi series, respectively. However, hydrothermal fluids generated during metamorphic devolatilization of the Kofi series rocks appear responsible for gold mineralization, albeit within a district-wide thermal gradient associated with emplacement of the Falémé batholith. The regional-scale Senegal-Mali shear zone, commonly cited as an important control on the location of gold deposits in western Mali, is absent in the Loulo district.
Chapter 17: Epithermal Gold Deposits Related to Alkaline Igneous Rocks in the Cripple Creek District, Colorado, United States
Authors: Kelley Karen D. , Jensen Eric P. , Rampe Jason S. , White Doug 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Cripple Creek is among the largest epithermal districts in the world, with more than 800 metric tons (t) Au (&gt;26.4 Moz). The ores are associated spatially, temporally, and genetically with ~34 to 28 Ma alkaline igneous rocks that were emplaced into an 18-km2 diatreme complex and surrounding Proterozoic rocks. Gold occurs in high-grade veins, as bulk tonnage relatively low-grade ores, and in hydrothermal breccias. Pervasive alteration in the form of potassic metasomatism is extensive and is intimately associated with gold mineralization. Based on dating of intrusions and molybdenite and gangue minerals (primarily using 40Ar/39Ar and Re-Os techniques), the region experienced a protracted but intermittent history of magmatism (over a period of at least 5 m.y.) and hydrothermal activity (intermittent over the final ~3 m.y. of magmatic activity). Key factors that likely played a role in the size and grade of the deposit were (1) the generation of alkaline magmas during a transition between subduction and extension that tapped a chemically enriched mantle source; (2) a long history of structural preparation, beginning in the Proterozoic, which created deep-seated structures to allow the magmas and ore fluids to reach shallow levels in the crust, and which produced a fracture network that increased permeability; and (3) an efficient hydrothermal system, including effective gold transport mechanisms, and multiple over-printed hydrothermal events.
Chapter 27: Geology of the Porgera Gold Deposit, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Hay Jonathan P. , Haydon Mark M. , Robert François 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Porgera is a ~974-metric ton (t) Au, low-sulfidation, alkalic, epithermal gold deposit located in Papua New Guinea. The deposit is spatially associated with 6 Ma stocks of the mafic alkalic Porgera Intrusive Complex, which were emplaced within Cretaceous carbonaceous mudstones in a transpressional orogenic setting linked to continent-island arc collision. As with many other major magmatic-hydrothermal ore deposits in New Guinea, deep-seated, arc-normal transfer structures have been suggested as controls on intrusion emplacement through the creation of a localized extensional environment favorable for magma ascent. Gold mineralization occurred in two distinct phases, both within ≤0.2 m.y. of emplacement of the Porgera Intrusive Complex. Stage 1 mineralization of intrusion-related carbonate-base metal association consists of extensional vein swarms dominated by coarse intergrown pyrite ± galena and sphalerite, generally hosted within or proximal to the intrusive bodies of the Porgera Intrusive Complex. These veins represent the lowest grade and economically least significant mineralization phase. Overprinted high-grade epithermal Stage 2 mineralization consists of roscoelite, pyrite, and quartz veins and breccia veins ± subordinate amounts of barite, marcasite, sphalerite, tetrahedrite, galena, hematite, and tellurides. Gold mineralization is commonly associated with the roscoelite-rich coatings on vein walls or breccia clasts. Stage 2 mineralization is controlled by a deposit-scale extensional fault-fracture mesh and displays a variety of textural styles including: (1) &lt;5-mm veinlets dominated by roscoelite, pyrite, and gold; (2) thicker veins up to 10 cm wide with roscoelite, pyrite, and gold on the margins with central bands of alternating crustiform quartz and thin layers of roscoelite-pyrite-gold; (3) hydrothermal breccias with roscoelite, pyrite, and gold coating breccia margins and internal clasts, with crustiform quartz forming the matrix. The giant endowment of the Porgera gold system is attributed to its favorable tectonic location and local extensional setting, its vertical extent, the oxidized nature of the mineralizing fluids, and highly efficient gold precipitation.
Chapter 34: The Paleoproterozoic (Rhyacian) Gold Deposits of West Africa
Authors: Thébaud Nicolas , Allibone Andrew , Masurel Quentin , Eglinger Aurélien , Davis James , André-Mayer Anne-Sylvie , Miller John , François Ouedrago Morou , Jessell Mark 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Paleoproterozoic terranes of the Man-Leo Shield in the southern part of the West African craton host one of the world’s largest gold provinces with an overall endowment &gt;10,000 metric tons (t). Although gold deposition commenced by ca. 2170 Ma, most deposits formed later, either during the inversion and metamorphism of intraorogenic sedimentary basins between ca. 2110 and 2095 Ma, or during later transcurrent deformation and associated widespread high K plutonism following docking of Archean and Paleoproterozoic domains within the craton at ca. 2095 Ma. Deposits formed between ca. 2110 and 2095 Ma include those with free gold in quartz veins and refractory gold in arsenopyrite and/or pyrite, and are associated with halos of carbonate, sericite, chlorite, and albite alteration. Most are located in bends and intersections between shear zones, minor faults, folds, and entrained blocks of relatively reactive igneous rock. Conglomerate-hosted gold deposits of the Tarkwa district formed early in the 15-m.y.-long period. Gold deposits that formed subsequently between ca. 2095 and 2060 Ma have a wider variety of styles, geologic settings, and metal assemblages. District-scale albite, carbonate, and tourmaline alteration, hydrothermal breccias, and a close relationship to high K granitoids characterize some of these deposits, whereas others are more typical orogenic gold deposits that are similar to those formed earlier during the craton evolution.
Alkoholio žalos suvokimo įtaka blaivybės judėjimams palaikyti XIX a. ir XX a. pradžioje
Authors: Tamutienė Ilona 
Published: September 2021

Šio straipsnio tikslas – atskleisti alkoholio žalos vaidmens suvokimą blaivybės judėjimų (BJ) ir juos rėmusių skirtingų interesų grupių viešosios politikos siekiniuose. Tikslui pasiekti keliami uždaviniai: 1) aprašyti alkoholio politikos interesus; 2) atskleisti, kaip alkoholio žala buvo suvokiama klasikinio liberalizmo kontekste; 3) identifikuoti, kaip alkoholio žalą pozicionavo BJ; 4) išskirti BJ palaikiusias interesų grupes bei politinį atsaką į socialinių grupių reikalavimą. Straipsnis remiasi literatūros apžvalga bei interpretacija. Blaivybės hegemonijos (XIX a. ir XX a. pr.) laikotarpiu socialiniai judėjimai ir skirtingos interesų grupės alkoholio žalą suvokė holistiškai: pradedant geriančiuoju, bet pabrėžiant bendruomenės interesą. Klasikinis liberalizmas alkoholio žalą kitiems nei geriantysis laikė pagrįstu principu riboti geriančiojo laisvę. Atsižvelgiant į moralinį reguliavimą, blaivybė buvo dorybė ir aukštesnio statuso tapatybės bruožas, siejamas su asmens orumu, verte, produktyvumu, sveiku ir išsilavinusiu (ar to siekiančio) piliečiu. Socialiniai judėjimai, propagavę ir palaikę blaivybę, leido žmogui rinktis tarp dviejų kraštutinių alternatyvų, iš kurių viena vedė į degradaciją, kita – į klestėjimą. Šalia BJ, kurių nariai duodavo priesaiką nevartoti alkoholio, neskatinti kitų ir propaguoti blaivybę, buvo daug juos palaikiusių interesų grupių: moterys, kurios siekė šeimos ir šalies gerovės bei savo teisių; darbininkai, kurie siekė savo teisių; kapitalistai, kuriems reikėjo blaivių darbuotojų; socialistai, kuriems reikėjo darbininkų balsų; bolševikai, kuriems reikėjo blaivių darbininkų proletarinei sąmonei ugdyti. Blaivybė buvo išsilaisvinimo iš vergijos ir baudžiavos, tautinės sąmonės ugdymo, suverenios valstybės kūrimo priemonė, skatinusi išsilavinimą ir sveikatą. Blaivybę palaikė eugenikos, higienizmo, rasės gryninimo judėjimai. Per individualų ir kolektyvinį veiksmą BL blaivų gyvenimą įprasmino kaip aukštesnių tikslų siekimo priemonę. Siekiant blaivybei tinkamos aplinkos, reikėjo griežtos alkoholio politikos: nuo griežto licencijavimo iki visiškos prohibicijos.
The Frequency of Thyroid Dysfunctions among Patients of Diabetes Mellitus Presenting in Tertiary Care Hospital of a Developing Country
Authors: Arshad Rabia , Maqbool Shahzaib , Arshad Sara , Rehman Fatima , Nadeem Muhammad , Shabir Ruqyia , Mateen Abdul , Rehman Rabia , Ihtesham Arham , Mohamed Waleed Inayat 
Published: September 2021

Aims: Thyroid disease is a pathological state associated significantly with diabetes mellitus (DM) Type 1 and Type 2. As the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is on the rise in our population, so the purposed significance of our study was to evaluate the frequency of thyroid dysfunction in diabetic patients of our local population.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: This study conducted among patients of diabetes (Type 1 and Type 2) from September 2020 to March 2021 while their visit in Holy family hospital, Rawalpindi, for a routine clinical check-up on an OPD basis.
Methodology: A total of 96 patients with diabetes mellitus on regular medication, 20 to 60 years of age, were included. Patients with diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperlipidemia, pregnant females, and those taking medication that can affect thyroid functions (dopamine antagonists, antiepileptics, oral contraceptives, lithium, glucocorticoids) were excluded. A venous blood sample was drawn and sent to the laboratory to analyze thyroid function tests for the presence or absence of any thyroid dysfunction. Data analysis was done through SPSS.v.23. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square analysis was used, and a p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 42.97 ± 10.29 years. The majority of the patients, 37.50%, were between 41 to 50 years of age. Out of 96 patients, 61 (63.54%) were male, and 35 (36.46%) were females with a male to female ratio of 1.7:1. The majority of patients, 69 (71.88%), had type II diabetes mellitus. The frequency of thyroid dysfunction found in diabetic patients was 30 (31.25%), with hypothyroidism in 19 (19.79%) and hyperthyroidism in 11 (11.46%) patients.
Conclusion: This study deduced that there is a high frequency of thyroid dysfunction in diabetic patients. In the same vein, hypothyroidism was the common thyroid dysfunction associated with diabetes mellitus.
Online Teaching Readiness of Teachers in Salesian Schools
Authors: G. Undar Fr. Rooney John , Madrigal Dennis V. 
Published: September 2021

Aims: The study assessed Salesian educators’ level of online teaching readiness and the challenges they have encountered during the conduct of online classes.
Study Design: This descriptive-comparative and correlational study gathered data from Salesian Educators as respondents and Bosconians as assessors.
Place and Duration of Study: Salesian Schools in the Philippines during the School Year 2020-2021
Methodology: The study gathered data from 368 Salesian Educators as respondents and 365 Bosconians as assessors using a researcher-made survey. The respondents were the whole population of High School Salesian Educators from the different Salesian Schools in the Philippines with 365 students picked through stratified random sampling. Teachers’ online teaching readiness data were gathered using a researcher-made instrument based on the principles of technological, pedagogical, and attitudinal competencies.
Results: As a whole, Salesian Educators demonstrate very high online teaching readiness with an obtained mean of 3.35 regardless of the teachers’ age, sex, length of service, and online teaching experience. Both the teachers’ assessment (M=3.42, SD=0.34) and the student assessment (M=3.28, SD=0.35) indicated very high online teaching readiness. Moreover, the findings suggest a significant difference in teachers’ online teaching readiness when the assessors are grouped according to teacher and student designation [U=51722.5, p=0.000]. Meanwhile, no significant relationship between age and the teachers’ online teaching readiness [ρ (366) =-0.064, p=0.222], length of service and teachers’ online teaching readiness [ρ (366) =-0.062, p=0.236], online teaching experience and teachers' online teaching readiness [χ2(2) =1.253, p=0.534]. On the other hand, a significant relationship between teachers’ online teaching readiness and sex [χ2(2) =8.811, p=0.012] was established. Majority of teachers' challenges include dealing with passive students (87.5%), following up students (78.8%), dealing with technical difficulties (67.1%).
Conclusion: Salesian Educators are ready to teach online however, teachers must continuously upgrade and update to remain relevant in this fast-paced digital era.
Positive Health Effects of Olive Oil
Authors: Petričević Diana , Velimirović Damir , Drlje Tonči Drlje 
Published: September 2021

Olive oil is the main source of fat in the Mediterranean diet. Although the use of olive oil has a long history, in recent decades it has experienced a full bloom all over the world. The consumption of olive oil in Croatia, as a Mediterranean country, is modest (2L per capita). This paper discusses basic characteristics of olive oil, with special emphasis on its health effects. Olive oil is rich in chlorophyll, carotenoids, and vitamin E, all of which serve as natural antioxidants, whereas its phenolic components, oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol, impact health positively in several ways. In addition to being powerful antioxidants, phenols in olive oil have anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and anticancer properties. They modulate the immune system by affecting white blood cell proliferation and producing cytokine. The oil’s anticancer properties are of particular importance.
Mono-unsaturated fatty acids raise the level of “good cholesterol,” thus preventing the atherosclerosis process. Oleic acid in olive oil is less sensitive to oxidation, which is why it reduces the risk of harmful oxidation products. It has a high biological value and is easily digestible. Its antioxidant components slow down the ageing process and prevent the formation of cancer cells by neutralizing free radicals. It is important to preserve as many biologically active substances of olive oil as possible by properly storing and preparing the oil in order to maximize its effectiveness.
Suggestion Petroleum Coke from Iraq Oil Mix. (T-21A+T-5) & PF2 as Alternative Fuel for Cement and Metallurgy
Authors: Mohammad Simo Sherwan , Naman Salah Aldin , Ahmed Kanaan Ramadan , Faritovich Akhmetov Arslan , Gennadievich Lapshin Igor 
Published: September 2021

The feasibility of utilizing petroleum coke as an alternative fuel for cement kilns and other industries was suggesting. The feedstock using in this study are mixture (T-21A+T-5) Tawke and Shekhan PF2 AT residues were obtained from two Iraqi-Kurdistan crude oils by removing distillates boiling point up to 350°C using the atmospheric distillation unit. The coking processing of AT residues at high temperatures to produce gas, coking distillates and petroleum coke. Coking of AT residues were carried out at temperature 450-460°C and atmospheric pressure, at this temperature, the duration of heat treatment of the feed was 2h. 45 min for Tawke and 2h. 15 min for Shekhan. The choice of temperature and time of the experiments was made on the basis that a lower temperature increases the duration of the process, and at a higher temperature a significant reduction in the duration of the process according to GOST methods, it becomes difficult to obtain the target product with the required content of volatile substances. An increase in the duration of the coking process about 3 hours and more in all cases leads to a decrease in the content of volatile substances. The study was suggested petroleum coke can be using instead of fuel oil on industry effectiveness in cost reduction when switched over from fuel oil to petroleum coke. in the last of this work, after all the measurements and characteristic obtained, two types of treatment scheme were proposed for how to refine these types of crude oils, which give petroleum products with a high sulfur content. The research proposed the technological, ecological and economic aspects of petroleum coke as fuel, including high sulfur content, use as energy in the electrical field (electro energy), and as an alternative fuel for cement production and metallurgical manufacture.
Physical Pain and Psychosocial Predictors of Sexual Activity among Multicultural Older Women
Authors: Lagana Luciana , Greenberg Shayna , Balian Ovsanna 
Published: September 2021

Aims: To investigate the relationships between facets of sexual activity among ethnically diverse older women and indicators of their physical pain as well as their psychosocial wellbeing. Physical pain intensity, intimate relationships quality, non-medical psychological distress, and depressive symptomatology were examined as predictors of yearly frequency of interactional sexual activity with an intimate partner and of masturbation.
Study Design: Cross-sectional.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Psychology, California State University, Northridge, between September 2017 and December 2018.
Methodology: Thirty-four older women between 50 and 84 years (M = 65.85, SD = 7.75) were recruited. Participants were reasonably fluent in English, lived independently in the community, self-identified as heterosexual, and reported being in an intimate relationship at the time of data collection. A battery of self-report measures was administered by research assistants over two sessions, on average.
Results: Demographics, yearly frequency of interactional sexual activity and of masturbation, physical pain intensity, dyadic adjustment, non-medical distress, and depressive symptomatology were assessed and analyzed. An intercorrelational matrix was produced and two simultaneous multiple regressions were conducted. They revealed that dyadic adjustment was a significant and positive predictor of the yearly frequency of interactional sexual activity, holding all other predictors constant (b = 1.06, P = .02). Dyadic adjustment was not a significant predictor of yearly masturbation frequency (P = .55). Physical pain and psychological predictors were not related to yearly interactional sexual activity or masturbation frequency (Ps > .05).
Conclusion: Greater dyadic adjustment and associated feelings of satisfaction with an intimate relationship predict significantly higher yearly frequency of interactional sexual activity among older women. Additional research is necessary to corroborate the present findings and identify predictors of masturbation.