bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A technique for intra-procedural blood velocity quantitation using time-resolved 2D digital subtraction angiography
Authors: Hoffman Carson , Periyasamy Sarvesh , Longhurst Colin , Medero Rafael , Roldan-Alzate Alejandro , Speidel Michael A. , Laeseke Paul F. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
2D digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is utilized qualitatively to assess blood velocity changes that occur during arterial interventions. Quantitative angiographic metrics, such as blood velocity, could be used to standardize endpoints during angiographic interventions.

Purpose
To assess the accuracy and precision of a quantitative 2D DSA (qDSA) technique and to determine its feasibility for in vivo measurements of blood velocity.

Materials and methods
A quantitative DSA technique was developed to calculate intra-procedural blood velocity. In vitro validation was performed by comparing velocities from the qDSA method and an ultrasonic flow probe in a bifurcation phantom. Parameters of interest included baseline flow rate, contrast injection rate, projection angle, and magnification. In vivo qDSA analysis was completed in five different branches of the abdominal aorta in two 50 kg swine and compared to 4D Flow MRI. Linear regression, Bland-Altman, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and chi squared tests were used to assess the accuracy and precision of the technique.

Results
In vitro validation showed strong correlation between qDSA and flow probe velocities over a range of contrast injection and baseline flow rates (slope = 1.012, 95% CI [0.989,1.035], Pearson’s r = 0.996, p < .0001). The application of projection angle and magnification corrections decreased variance to less than 5% the average baseline velocity (p = 0.999 and p = 0.956, respectively). In vivo validation showed strong correlation with a small bias between qDSA and 4D Flow MRI velocities for all five abdominopelvic arterial vessels of interest (slope = 1.01, Pearson’s r = 0.880, p = <.01, Bias = 0.117 cm/s).

Conclusion
The proposed method allows for accurate and precise calculation of blood velocities, in near real-time, from time resolved 2D DSAs.
Melting heat transfer assessment on magnetic nanofluid flow past a porous stretching cylinder
Authors: Singh Khilap , Pandey Alok Kumar , Kumar Manoj 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe assessment of melting heat transfer and non-uniform heat source on magnetic Cu–H2O nanofluid flow through a porous cylinder was studied. The transformed differential equations describing the motion of Cu–H2O fluid together with pertinent boundary conditions were handled numerically with the assistance of Keller box method. The ranges of volume fraction of copper particles were taken as 0–25%. The impacts of various governing parameters on the physical measures such as Nusselt number, surface drag force, temperature and velocity were analyzed by representing through graphs and tables. It was noted that the flow was influenced accordingly with the governing parameters. The outcomes showed that the rate of heat exchange improved with elevated Reynolds number, space and temperature-dependent internal heat source and melting parameters. The comparison of our data in relation to those of previous works has been shown.
Evidence-based surgical technique for medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
Authors: Kim Tae Kyun , Mittal Anurag , Meshram Prashant , Kim Woo Hyun , Choi Sang Min 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUnicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is a successful treatment modality in selected patients having advanced, single-compartment osteoarthritis of the knee. The bone and ligament preservation leading to shorter recovery periods, better functional outcomes, lower perioperative complication rates, and easier revision, if needed, are proposed as some of the advantages of UKA over total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Despite several advantages, UKA is reported to have higher failure rates as compared to TKA. The prosthesis failure of UKA is directly correlated to intraoperative technique-related factors like malpositioning of components and the inability to replicate the target-limb alignment as per preoperative planning. An evidence-based surgical technique for UKA may help surgeons to avoid the intraoperative technique-related errors. The purpose of this paper is to describe a stepwise surgical technique for the fixed-bearing medial UKA.
Applying human-centered design to maximize acceptability, feasibility, and usability of mobile technology supervision in Kenya: a mixed methods pilot study protocol
Authors: Triplett Noah S. , Munson Sean , Mbwayo Anne , Mutavi Teresia , Weiner Bryan J. , Collins Pamela , Amanya Cyrilla , Dorsey Shannon 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Although research continues to support task-shifting as an effective model of delivering evidence-based practices (EBPs), little scholarship has focused how to scale up and sustain task-shifting in low- and middle-income countries, including how to sustainably supervise lay counselors. Ongoing supervision is critical to ensure EBPs are delivered with fidelity; however, the resources and expertise required to provide ongoing supervision may limit the potential to scale up and sustain task shifting. Opportunities may exist to leverage mobile technology to replace or supplement in-person supervision in low-resource contexts, but contextual variables, such as network connectivity and lay counselor preferences surrounding mobile technology, must be examined and considered when designing and implementing mobile technology supervision.

Methods
This study builds from an existing randomized trial in Kenya, wherein teachers and community health volunteers have been trained to provide trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy as lay counselors. The study will use an iterative and mixed methods approach, with qualitative interviews and a Human-Centered Design (HCD) workshop informing a non-randomized pilot trial. Semi-structured interviews will be conducted with lay counselors and supervisors to understand how mobile technology is currently being used for supervision and determine the barriers and facilitators to mobile technology supervision. Data from these interviews will inform an HCD workshop, where lay counselors and supervisors “re-design” supervision to most effectively leverage mobile technology. Workshop participants will also participate in focus groups to gather perceptions on the use of HCD techniques. The final outcome of the workshop will be a set of refined workflows, which will be tested in a mixed method, nonrandomized pilot with newly trained lay counselors and existing supervisors. The pilot trial will evaluate the acceptability, feasibility, and usability of mobile technology supervision through self-report questionnaires as well as perceptions of effectiveness through qualitative interviews with a subset of lay counselors and all supervisors.

Discussion
This study will provide a launching point for future research on supervision and methods to engage stakeholders to design and tailor interventions and implementation supports to fit low-resourced contexts.

Trial registration
The parent trial from which this study builds was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov on August 9, 2017 (NCT03243396).
Exploring implementation processes in general practice in a feedback intervention aiming to reduce potentially inappropriate prescribing: a qualitative study among general practitioners
Authors: Høj Kirsten , Mygind Anna , Bro Flemming 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) has been linked with adverse health outcomes and increased healthcare costs. Feedback interventions targeting PIP have shown promising results. However, translation from research to everyday practice remains a challenge. With the Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) as overarching framework, we aimed to explore the implementation processes performed by general practices in a real-life, quality improvement intervention using feedback on practice-level prescribing.

Methods
All 376 general practices in the Central Denmark Region received a prescribing feedback intervention targeting selected types of PIP. Six months later, they received an evaluation questionnaire, to which 45% responded. Among 102 practices reporting to have made changes in response to the intervention, we conducted individual, semi-structured interviews with ten GPs. Maximum variation was sought in terms of baseline prescribing status, implementation activities, practice type and geographical location. The interviews were analysed thematically using NPT.

Results
The implementation processes in general practice reflected the four NPT constructs. Key motivators for implementation included the GPs’ professional values and interests, but pragmatic considerations were also of importance (coherence). A collective versus an individual approach to the engagement and planning of the implementation process (cognitive participation) was observed. Similarly, a distinction was evident between practice-level actions involving the entire practice team as opposed to individual-level actions performed by the individual GP (collective action). Several challenges to the implementation processes were identified, including patient influences and competing priorities at multiple levels (reflexive monitoring). Additionally, internal evaluation and normalisation of new practices occurred in varying degrees.

Conclusion
NPT provided a useful framework for understanding implementation processes in general practice. Our results emphasise that clear professional aims and feasible content of interventions are key for GP motivation. This may be ensured through cooperation with GPs’ professional organisation, which may strengthen intervention legitimacy and uptake. Two main implementation strategies were identified: practice-level and GP-level strategies. Intervention developers need to recognise both strategies to deliver intervention content and implementation support that promote sustainable improvements in prescribing practice. Competing demands and patient influences remain important challenges that need to be addressed in future studies to further facilitate the reduction of PIPs.
Determination of enantiomer impurity in Bortezomib lyo injection formulation by using normal-phase liquid chromatography
Authors: Najana Sanni Babu , Bollikolla Hari Babu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
A highly stereo-specific liquid chromatographic technique was built up and authenticated to quantify the (1S,2R-enantiomer) impurity in Bortezomib lyo injection formulation. The separation was achieved on Chiral Pak ID-3 (3 μm, 4.6 × 250 mm) column (“amylose-based 3-chlorophenylcarbamate” chiral stationary phase) through a movable segment consisting of n-heptane, 2-propanol, ethyl alcohol, and TFA (82:15:3:0.1, v/v/v/v) at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. Column temperature preserved 25 °C, injection level 20 μL, sample cooler temperature ambient, and detection wavelength 270 nm.

Results
The retention time of (1S,2R-enantiomer) impurity and Bortezomib was determined 10.57 and 17.98 min, respectively. The resolution between (1S,2R-enantiomer) impurity and Bortezomib was found to be 4.2. The acceptance limit of the (1S,2R-enantiomer) impurity is 0.5%. The established method was authenticated as per ICH guidelines in respect of precision, accuracy, sensitivity, linearity, specificity, ruggedness, and robustness. The minimum quantity of the sample required for detection (LOD) was observed at 0.282 μg per mL and similarly the quantifying sample (LOQ) was observed to be 0.896 μg per mL.

Conclusion
The proposed normal phase-HPLC method that can quantify (1S,2R-enantiomer) impurity in Bortezomib lyo injection formulation at trace level concentration has been urbanized and authenticated as per ICH guidelines. The effectiveness of the technique was ensured by the specificity, exactitude, linearity, and accuracy. Hence, the method well suit for their intended purposes and can be successfully useful for regular analysis in laboratories and is suitable for the quality control.
Seismoelectric surface-wave analysis for characterization of formation properties, using dispersive relative spectral amplitudes
Authors: Grobbe Niels , de Ridder Sjoerd A. L. 
Published: January 2021

We have studied seismoelectric (SE) surface-wave signals and found that they can be used to infer changes in the SE coupling properties at depth. SE surface-wave signals have much higher amplitudes than SE body-wave signals. We measured the seismic and the electrical potential or electromagnetic (EM) field along the surface of the earth. We used dispersive relative spectral amplitudes (DRSAs) that measure the frequency-dependent relative strength of electrical signals versus seismic signals associated with SE surface-wave signals. We find that DRSAs have sensitivity to contrasts in the electrokinetic coupling coefficient and other relevant petrophysical properties at depth. Our discovery can mitigate the major limitation that plagues body-wave-based SE methods: the relative weakness of the converted EM signals from seismic body waves. We envision applications to characterize subsurface rock, fluid, and fluid-flow properties (e.g., porosity, permeability, and dynamic fluid viscosity, salinity) in the near surface, for aquifers, and shallow geothermal reservoirs.
System-level barriers to personal recovery in mental health: qualitative analysis of co-productive narrative dialogues between users and professionals
Authors: Nakanishi Miharu , Kurokawa George , Niimura Junko , Nishida Atsushi , Shepherd Geoff , Yamasaki Syudo 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundNo co-productive narrative synthesis of system-level facilitators and barriers to personal recovery in mental illness has been undertaken.AimsTo clarify system-level facilitators and barriers to personal recovery of people with mental illness.MethodQualitative study guided by thematic analysis. Data were collected through one focus group, which involved seven service users and three professionals. This group had 11 meetings, each lasting 2 h at a local research institute, between July 2016 to January 2018.ResultsThe analysis yielded three themes: barriers inhibiting positive interaction within personal relationship networks, roots of barriers from mental health systems and the social cultural context, and possible solutions to address the roots. Barriers were acknowledged as those related to sense of safety, locus of control within oneself and reunion with self. The roots of barriers were recognised within mental health services, including system without trauma sensitivity, lack of advocacy support and limited access to psychosocial approaches. Roots from social cultural context were also found. There were no narratives relating to facilitators. A possible solution was to address the roots from systems. Social cultural change was called for that makes personalised goals most valued, with an inclusive design that overcomes stigma, to achieve an open and accepting community.ConclusionsThe analysis yielded system-level barriers specific to each recovery process. Roots of barriers that need transformation to facilitate personal recovery were identified within mental health services. Social interventions should be further explored to translate the suggested social cultural changes into action.
COVID-19 pandemic-related anxiety, distress and burnout: prevalence and associated factors in healthcare workers of North-West Italy
Authors: Naldi Andrea , Vallelonga Fabrizio , Di Liberto Alessandra , Cavallo Roberto , Agnesone Monica , Gonella Marco , Sauta Maria Domenica , Lochner Piergiorgio , Tondo Giacomo , Bragazzi Nicola Luigi , Botto Rossana , Leombruni Paolo 
Published: January 2021

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic caused drastic changes in healthcare and severe social restrictions. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are on the front line against the virus and have been highly exposed to pandemic-related stressors, but there are limited data on their psychological involvement for a large sample in Italy.

Aims
To investigate the prevalence of anxiety, distress and burnout in HCWs of North-West Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to detect potential psychosocial factors associated with their emotional response.

Method
This cross-sectional, survey-based study enrolled 797 HCWs. Participants completed the Impact of Event Scale – Revised, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory – Form Y and the Maslach Burnout Inventory; demographic, family and work characteristics were also collected. Global psychological outcome, differences among professions and independent factors associated with worst psychological outcome were assessed.

Results
Almost a third of the sample had severe state anxiety and distress, high emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation, and low personal accomplishment. Distress was higher in women and nurses, whereas depersonalisation was higher in men. Family division, increased workload, job changes and frequent contact with COVID-19 were associated with worst psychological outcome. Trait anxiety was associated with significantly higher risk for developing state anxiety, distress and burnout.

Conclusions
An elevated psychological burden related to the COVID-19 pandemic was observed in HCWs of North-West Italy. The identification of family and work characteristics and a psychological pre-existing condition as factors associated with worst psychological outcome may help provide a tailored, preventive, organisational and psychological approach in counteracting the psychological effects of future pandemics.
Risk of mortality and complications in patients with schizophrenia and diabetes mellitus: population-based cohort study
Authors: Chan Joe Kwun Nam , Wong Corine Sau Man , Or Philip Chi Fai , Chen Eric Yu Hai , Chang Wing Chung 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundSchizophrenia patients have markedly elevated prevalence of diabetes compared with the general population. However, risk of mortality and diabetes-related complications among schizophrenia patients with co-occurring diabetes is understudied.AimsWe investigated whether schizophrenia increased the risk of overall mortality, complications and post-complication mortality in people with diabetes.MethodThis population-based, propensity-score matched (1:10) cohort study identified 6991 patients with incident diabetes and pre-existing schizophrenia and 68 682 patients with incident diabetes only between 2001 and 2016 in Hong Kong using a medical record database of public healthcare services. Association between schizophrenia and all-cause mortality was examined with a Cox proportional hazards model. Effect of schizophrenia on first-year complication occurrence following diabetes diagnosis and post-complication mortality rates were evaluated.ResultsSchizophrenia was associated with increased all-cause mortality (adjusted hazards ratio [aHR] 1.11, 95% CI 1.05–1.18), particularly among men and older age groups. Schizophrenia patients with diabetes had higher metabolic complication rate (aHR 1.99, 95% CI 1.63–2.42), lower microvascular complication rate (aHR 0.75, 95% CI 0.65–0.86) and comparable macrovascular complication rate (aHR 0.93, 95% CI 0.85–1.03), relative to patients with diabetes only. Among patients with diabetes complications, schizophrenia was associated with elevated all-cause mortality after macrovascular (aHR 1.19, 95% CI 1.04–1.37) and microvascular (aHR 1.33, 95% CI 1.08–1.64) complications. Gender-stratified analyses revealed that a significant effect of schizophrenia on heightened post-complication mortality was observed in men only.ConclusionsSchizophrenia patients with co-occurring diabetes are at increased risk of excess mortality, including post-complication mortality. Further research identifying effective interventions is warranted to optimise diabetes-related outcomes in this vulnerable population.
Levoketoconazole, the 2S,4R Enantiomer of Ketoconazole, a New Steroidogenesis Inhibitor for Cushing’s Syndrome Treatment
Authors: Creemers Sara G , Feelders Richard A , de Jong Frank H , Franssen Gaston J H , de Rijke Yolanda B , van Koetsveld Peter M , Hofland Leo J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Racemic ketoconazole (RK) is a steroidogenesis inhibitor used for treatment of Cushing’s syndrome. Levoketoconazole (COR-003), the pure 2S,4R enantiomer, is potentially more potent and safe compared to RK. We compared in vitro effects of levoketoconazole and RK on adrenocortical and pituitary adenoma cells.

Materials and methods
HAC15 cells and 15 primary human neoplastic adrenocortical cultures (+/− ACTH), and murine (AtT20) and human corticotroph adenoma cultures were incubated with levoketoconazole or RK (0.01-10 µM). Cortisol and ACTH were measured using a chemiluminescence immunoassay system, and steroid profiles by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

Results
In HAC15, levoketoconazole inhibited cortisol at lower concentrations (IC50: 0.300 µM) compared to RK (0.611 µM; P &lt; 0.0001). IC50 values of levoketoconazole for basal cortisol production in primary adrenocortical cultures varied over a 24-fold range (0.00578-0.140 µM), with 2 patients having a higher sensitivity for levoketoconazole vs RK (2.1- and 3.7-fold). LC-MS/MS analysis in selected cases revealed more potent inhibition of cortisol and other steroid profile components by levoketoconazole vs RK. In AtT20, levoketoconazole inhibited cell growth and ACTH secretion (10 µM: −54% and −38%, respectively), and levoketoconazole inhibited cell number in 1 of 2 primary human corticotroph pituitary adenoma cultures (−44%, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Levoketoconazole potently inhibits cortisol production in adrenocortical cells, with a variable degree of suppression between specimens. Levoketoconazole inhibits adrenal steroid production more potently compared to RK and might also inhibit ACTH secretion and growth of pituitary adenoma cells. Together with previously reported potential advantages, this indicates that levoketoconazole is a promising novel pharmacotherapy for Cushing’s syndrome.
Turgor-dependent and coronin-mediated F-actin dynamics drive septin disc-to-ring remodeling in the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Dulal Nawaraj , Rogers Audra Mae , Proko Rinalda , Bieger Baronger Dowell , Liyanage Rohana , Krishnamurthi Venkata Rao , Wang Yong , Egan Martin John 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The fungus Magnaporthe oryzae uses a specialized pressure-generating infection cell called an appressorium to break into rice leaves and initiate disease. Appressorium functionality is dependent on the formation of a cortical septin ring during its morphogenesis, but precisely how this structure assembles is unclear. Here, we show that F-actin rings are recruited to the circumference of incipient septin disc-like structures in a pressure-dependent manner, and that this is necessary for their contraction and remodeling into rings. We demonstrate that the structural integrity of these incipient septin discs requires both an intact F-actin and microtubule cytoskeleton and provide fundamental new insight into their functional organization within the appressorium. Lastly, using proximity-dependent labeling, we identify the actin modulator coronin as a septin-proximal protein and show that F-actin-mediated septin disc-to-ring remodeling is perturbed in the genetic absence of coronin. Taken together, our findings provide new insight into the dynamic remodeling of infection-specific higher-order septin structures in a globally significant fungal plant pathogen.