bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complex diagnostics of ordinary chondrites Markovka, Polujamki, Sayh al Uhaymir 001, Dhofar 020, and Jiddat al Harasis 055 by X‐ray techniques and Mössbauer spectroscopy
Authors: Guda Liubov V. , Kravtsova Antonina N. , Kubrin Stanislav P. , Guda Alexander A. , Mazuritskiy Mikhail I. , Tereshchenko Andrei A. , Popov Yuri V. , Soldatov Alexander V. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMicro X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Mössbauer and X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) spectroscopies have been used to study the element and phase composition, and Fe and Ni oxidation states in ordinary chondrites. The meteorites have been initially classified as Markovka (H4 type), Polujamki (H4 type), Sayh al Uhaymir (SaU) 001 (L5 type), Dhofar (Dho) 020 (H4/5 type), and Jiddat al Harasis (JaH) 055 (L4‐5 type). We have applied a set of spectroscopic methods to characterize and quantify the differences between samples. While the concentration of Fe in the meteorites is in agreement with the qualitative assignment of their types (L or H) made upon discovery, we observed extremely low Mg/Si and Al/Si values compared to the data published by Palme et al. (2014). Phase content of the meteorites has been studied by means of XRD, as well as by SEM and EDX. Mössbauer spectroscopy of Fe‐containing phases has determined that Fe ions are present mainly in olivine and pyroxene phases in all studied samples. Goethite, hematite, and troilite phases were found in Markovka, Polujamki, and Sayh al Uhaymir 001, respectively. Markovka and Polujamki samples contained the largest concentration of Fe‐Ni‐Co metal grains. Fe and Ni K‐XANES spectra were analyzed to estimate metal oxidation state in the chondrites and compared with the Mössbauer data. The multispectral data acquired in the present work are of importance for further understanding of meteoritic processes.
Episodic incidence of Harrodian instability and the Kaleckian growth model: A Markov‐switching approach
Authors: Hartley Brian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo assess the conditional stability properties of the Kaleckian growth framework in the medium‐run, I investigate behavioral corridors where investment will be unresponsive to departures of actual from desired utilization rates—thus providing for the episodic incidence of Harrodian instability. I empirically assess this relationship using two‐state Markov‐Switching Structural Vector Auto‐Regression fit on non‐residential fixed investment and the rate of capacity utilization for the United States. To directly assess the relevance of a behavioral corridor for the cyclical dynamics of the endogenous variables, the probabilities governing the transition between hidden states are modelled as a time‐varying function of gap between realized utilization rates and their long‐run average. Results suggest the response of investment to structural utilization shocks is highly regime‐dependent and predominantly occurs during business cycle downturns.
Intranuclear inclusions in skin biopsies are not limited to neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease but can also be seen in oculopharyngodistal myopathy
Authors: Ogasawara Masashi , Eura Nobuyuki , Nagaoka Utako , Sato Tatsuro , Arahata Hajime , Hayashi Tomohiro , Okamoto Tomoko , Takahashi Yuji , Mori‐Yoshimura Madoka , Oya Yasushi , Nakamura Akinori , Shimazaki Rui , Sano Terunori , Kumutpongpanich Theerawat , Minami Narihiro , Hayashi Shinichiro , Noguchi Satoru , Iida Aritoshi , Takao Masaki , Nishino Ichizo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsOculopharyngodistal myopathy (OPDM) is caused by the expansion of CGG repeats in NOTCH2NLC (OPDM_NOTCH2NLC) GIPC1 (OPDM_GIPC1), or LRP12 (OPDM_LRP12). Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is clinically distinct from OPDM but is also caused by the expansion of CGG repeats in NOTCH2NLC, which may be an indicator of intranuclear inclusion in skin biopsy. We investigated the presence of intranuclear inclusions in skin biopsies from patients with OPDM and muscle diseases with a similar pathology to evaluate whether they will have similar diagnostic findings on skin biopsy.MethodsWe analysed the frequency of p62‐positive intranuclear inclusions in sweat gland cells, adipocytes and fibroblasts in skin biopsy samples from patients with OPDM (OPDM_NOTCH2NLC [n = 2], OPDM_GIPC1 [n = 6] and OPDM_LRP12 [n = 3]), NIID (n = 1), OPMD (n = 1), IBM (n = 4) and GNE myopathy (n = 2).ResultsThe p62‐postive intranuclear inclusions were observed in all three cell types in both patients with OPDM_NOTCH2NLC and a patient with NIID, in at least one cell type in all six patients with OPDM_GIPC1, and all in three cell types in one of the three patients with OPDM_LRP12. These findings were not observed in patients with OPMD, IBM or GNE myopathy.ConclusionIntranuclear inclusions in skin biopsy samples are not specific to NIID and are found in all three types of genetically confirmed OPDM, suggesting that the underlying mechanism of OPDM may be similar to NIID, regardless of causative genes.
Quality of care plans in long‐term care facilities for the older persons—How well is information from RAI assessments utilised in care planning?
Authors: Kuha Suvi , Niemelä Katriina , Vähäkangas Pia , Noro Anja , Lotvonen Sinikka , Kanste Outi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn Finland, care plans at long‐term care facilities (LTCF) for the older persons should be based on information from Resident Assessment Instrument (RAI) assessments and the principles of structured data. Hence, managers are responsible for ensuring that the RAI system is used to a satisfactory extent, the provided information is used in care planning, and that staff members are competent at composing high‐quality care plans.AimTo explore the congruence between first‐line managers’ assessments of the extent to which care plans include RAI information and separately observed RAI‐related contents of care plans.MethodsThe study was based on a descriptive, cross‐sectional survey of first‐line managers (n = 15) from three LTCF organisations and a randomly selected sample of care plans (n = 45) from two LTCF organisations in Finland. Manager responses and analysis of care plans were reviewed at a general level. The data were gathered in 2019 and analysed using statistical methods and content analysis.ResultsFirst‐line managers’ assessments of the extent to which their units’ care plans included RAI information did not match the observed care plan contents. The care plan analysis revealed that managers significantly overestimated the extent to which care plans included RAI‐related content.ConclusionManagers at LTCF organisations need more training to be able to sufficiently support their staff in using RAI information to draft high‐quality care plans.Implication for practiceCare plans must include a higher level of information related to RAI assessments. To develop competencies in drafting high‐quality care plans, training related to RAI information utilisation on all aspects of the care plan should be emphasised and training should be provided to first‐line managers and more broadly across the nursing staff.
The use of autorefractors using the image‐size principle in determining on‐axis and off‐axis refraction. Part 1: Analysis of optical principles of autorefractors
Authors: Campbell Charles E , Suheimat Marwan , Zacharovas Stanislovas , Atchison David A 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeTo study the optical principles and properties of autorefractors that use the image‐size principle in which the size of the reimaged retinal image determines refraction.MethodsThe retinal illumination and reimaging of the retinal image were described, as were variations in the basic system. Imaging was determined for systems in which the light source is either diverging or converging as it passes into the eye. Equations were determined to describe the dependence of refraction on the heights and angles of incoming and outgoing beams, and refraction error was determined when eye position was not correct.ResultsThe fundamental refraction equation is where DE is refraction, h1 is the beam height entering the eye, and θ and α are the angles of the incoming and outgoing beams, respectively. The negative sign outside the brackets applies if the beam focuses before entering the eye, while the positive sign applies if the beam focuses after entering the eye. When light is diverging as it reaches the anterior eye, hyperopia produces greater retinal image sizes than myopia. The opposite is the case when light is converging as it reaches the anterior eye. The effect of incorrect ocular longitudinal position on the measured refraction was determined; this produced errors identical to those for vertex errors with ophthalmic lenses.ConclusionFor image‐size principle autorefractors, simple equations describe the dependence of measured refraction on the height and angle of the instrument beam as it enters the eye and the angle of the light, reflected back from the retina, after it exits the eye. Further work will investigate the validity of such instruments for determining peripheral refraction.
The use of autorefractors using the image‐size principle in determining on‐axis and off‐axis refraction. Part 2: Theoretical study of peripheral refraction with the Grand Seiko AutoRef/Keratometer WAM‐5500
Authors: Atchison David A , Suheimat Marwan , Zacharovas Stanislovas , Campbell Charles E 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeTo determine, through simulations, the likely validity of Grand‐Seiko autorefractors with annular targets in peripheral refraction.MethodsUsing a physical model eye, the distance inside the eye to which the Grand Seiko AutoRef/Keratometer WAM‐5500 beam was converging and the effective size of its outer diameter at the cornea were determined. Grand‐Seiko refraction was calculated from Rx = (θ + α)/h1, where θ is the angle of the ingoing radiation beam, h1 is the height of the beam at the anterior cornea and α is the angle of the beam emerging from the eye following reflection at the retina. Two eye models were used: a Navarro schematic eye and a Navarro schematic eye with a contact lens having a highly positive aspheric front surface.ResultsThe instrument beam was determined to be converging towards the eye to a distance of 24.4 mm behind the corneal vertex, with a 2.46 mm effective size outer diameter of the beam at the anterior cornea. The Grand‐Seiko refractions provided accurate estimates of peripheral refraction for the model eyes. The results were closer to Zernike refractions than to Zernike paraxial refraction. Spherical aberration influenced refraction by up to 0.5 D, and peripheral coma had limited influence.ConclusionGrand‐Seiko autorefractors in current use, and having a circular annulus with an ingoing effective outer diameter at the front of the eye of about 2.4 mm, are likely to give valid peripheral refractions.
Acquired cutis laxa type II (Marshall syndrome) in a 3‐month‐old boy
Authors: Sindhuja Tekumalla , Arunachalam Narayanan , Gupta Vishal , Agarwal Shipra , Gomathy Sethuraman 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAcquired cutis laxa type II (Marshall syndrome) is a post‐inflammatory elastolysis occurring in infancy and childhood. It is challenging to treat with very few effective treatment options available. Herein, we describe the case of a 3‐month‐old boy with acquired cutis laxa type II secondary to a neutrophilic dermatosis. Early treatment of the initial inflammatory phase is essential to reduce the permanent sequelae.
Acquired platelet storage container leaks and contamination with environmental bacteria: A preventable cause of bacterial sepsis
Authors: Gammon Richard R. , Reik Rita A. , Stern Marc , Vassallo Ralph R. , Waxman Dan A. , Young Pampee P. , Benjamin Richard J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundApheresis platelets (AP) may be contaminated by environmental bacteria via container defects acquired during processing, transport, storage, or transfusion, as highlighted by a recent series of septic reactions related to Acinetobacter spp. and other bacterial strains.Study design and methodsThe frequency and nature of acquired container defect reports to one manufacturer were evaluated from January 2019 to July 2020. The published incidence of contamination and sepsis due to environmental bacteria with culture screened AP in the United States was reviewed for the period of 2010–2019.ResultsReview of a manufacturers' records showed 23 US reports of leaks involving 24 containers attributed to postmanufacturing damage, at a rate of 44 per million distributed storage containers. Analysis of returned containers showed evidence of scratches, impressions, and/or piercings. Literature review of US hemovigilance data revealed that environmental bacteria comprised 7% of confirmed positive primary bacterial culture screens, were responsible for 14%–16% of reported septic, and 8 of 28 (29%) fatal reactions with bacterial‐culture screened AP. Sepsis cases have been reported with culture screened, point‐of‐issue (POI) tested, or pathogen‐reduced AP.DiscussionEnvironmental contamination of AP is rare but can cause sepsis. Container damage provides a pathway for contamination after culture screening, POI bacteria testing, or pathogen reduction. Blood collectors and transfusion services should have procedures to ensure proper inspection, handling, storage, and transport of AP to avoid damage and should enhance efforts to detect defects prior to release and to eliminate bacteria from all contacting surfaces to minimize the risk of contamination.
FRESH STATE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ULTRA-LIGHTWEIGHT FOAMED CONCRETE INCORPORATING ALKALI TREATED BANANA FIBRE
Authors: Nensok Mohammed Hassan , Mydin Md Azree Othuman , Awang Hanizam 
Published: December 2021

For a Lightweight Foamed Concrete (LFC) to efficiently function as an energy-saving building material, its self-weight (density) should be reduced. However, the problem associated with a reduced density is a decline in strength. To improve the mechanical properties of LFC, this research attempts to integrate banana fibre into LFC composite with a focus on fresh and harden state properties. An Ultra-Lightweight Foamed Concrete (ULFC) with a density of 600 kg/m3 was produced with the inclusion of treated and untreated banana fibres. The volume fractions of banana fibre added into LFC were 0.00% (control specimen), 0.25%, 0.35%, 0.45% and 0.55%. In addition, an optimised batch mix of ULFC reinforced with 0.35% untreated banana fibre was produced. The batches were tested for rheological, physical, and mechanical properties. Findings reveal that the workability of ULFC composites decrease with increase in fibre addition. The compressive, flexural, and tensile strengths of the alkali-treated composites were higher than the untreated banana fibre composite. SEM micrograph reveals that defibrillation of bundle fibrils due to cleaning the surface amorphous hemicellulose, lignin and pectin of the alkali-treated fibre, leads to rough surfaces and increase surface area resulting in better interfacial adhesion of the fibre with cement matrix.
Prediction of Board Level Pad Cratering Strength With the Predefined Failure Criteria From Joint Level Testing
Authors: Zhang Qiming , Lee S. W. Ricky 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Conventional reliability tests for the evaluation of pad cratering resistance are mainly classified into two categories: the board level test and the joint level test. The board-level test is to imitate the loading conditions during normal operation. However, this type of test is expensive and not flexible. The joint level test is used extensively in the industry because it has the advantages of lower cost, higher throughput, and more quantitative results. It also allows the elimination of confounding factors such as PCB and component stiffness. Therefore, it is always desirable to predict the board level performance by a joint level test. In order to achieve this objective, the correlation between the joint level and the board-level tests must be fully understood. Nevertheless, a precise correlation between the two types of tests for pad cratering evaluation is yet to be defined. This study investigates the pad cratering failure mode for the correlation of critical failure factors between joint and board level tests. An intermediate critical failure factor could be taken as a failure criterion in board-level testing for failure detection. For verifying the validity of such a failure criterion, an experimental study should be performed. The 4-point bending test is chosen as the board-level test for critical failure factor validation. In addition, an innovative pin shear test method is developed as the joint level test for failure factor detection. Both test methods are assessed by a series of parametric studies with an optimized process to ensure the accuracy of the results. From the results of the experimental study and simulation, the critical failure factor correlation is established between the board level 4-point bending and the joint level pin shear test. Using finite element analysis (FEA), the critical failure strain is identified from the pin shear test model and will be employed as the board level failure criterion. Subsequently, the obtained failure criterion is verified by a 4-point bending model. As a result, this indirect correlation method can predict the board level failure with various geometric parameters.
Numerical and Parametric Investigation of the Effect of Heat Spreading on Boiling of a Dielectric Liquid for Immersion Cooling of Electronics
Authors: Tong Wei , Ganjali Alireza , Ghaffari Omidreza , Sayed Chady al , Fréchette Luc , Sylvestre Julien 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In a two-phase immersion cooling system, boiling on the spreader surface has been experimentally found to be nonuniform, and it is highly related to the surface temperature and the heat transfer coefficient. An experimentally obtained temperature-dependent boiling heat transfer coefficient has been applied to a numerical model to investigate the spreader's cooling performance. It is found that the surface temperature distribution becomes less uniform with higher input power. But it is more uniform when the thickness is increased. By defining the characteristic temperatures that represent different boiling regimes on the surface, the fraction of the surface area that has reached the critical heat flux has been numerically calculated, showing that increasing the thickness from 1 mm to 6 mm decreases the critical heat flux reached area by 23% at saturation liquid temperatures. Therefore, on the thicker spreader, more of the surface is utilized for nucleate boiling while localized hot regions that lead to surface dry-out are avoided. At a base temperature of 90 °C, the optimal thickness is found to be 4 mm, beyond which no significant improvement in heat removal can be obtained. Lower coolant temperatures can further increase the heat removal; it is reduced from an 18% improvement in the input power for the 1 mm case to only 3% in the 6 mm case for a coolant temperature drop of 24 °C. Therefore, a tradeoff exists between the cost of maintaining the low liquid temperature and the increased heat removal capacity.
Magnetic Field Effects on Backward-Facing Step Flow of Ferrofluids
Authors: Yang Wenming , Fang Boshi , Liu Beiying 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Backward-facing step (BFS) flow is a benchmark case study in fluid mechanics. Its control by means of electromagnetic actuation has attracted great interest in recent years. This paper focuses on the effects of a uniform stationary magnetic field on the laminar ferrofluid BFS flows for the Reynolds number range 0.1≤Re≤400 and different expansion ratios. The coupled ferrohydrodynamic equations, including the microscopically derived magnetization equation, for a two-dimensional domain are solved numerically by an openfoam solver after validation and a test of accuracy. The application of a magnetic field causes the corner vortices in the concave corner behind the step to be retracted compared with their positions in the absence of a magnetic field. The maximum percentage of the normalized decrease in length of these eddies reaches 41.23% in our simulations. For small Reynolds numbers (&lt;10), the flow separation points on the convex corner are lowered in the presence of a magnetic field. Furthermore, the dimensionless total pressure drop between the channel inlet and outlet decreases almost linearly with Reynolds number Re, but the drop is greater when a magnetic field is applied. On the whole, the normalized recirculation length of the corner vortex increases nonlinearly with increasing magnetic Reynolds number Rem and Brownian Péclet number Pe, but it tends to constant values in the limits Rem≪1 and Rem≫1.
Tool Wear Behavior in μ-Turning of Nimonic 90 Under Vegetable Oil-Based Cutting Fluid
Authors: Airao Jay , Kishore Hreetabh , Nirala Chandrakant K. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The characteristics such as high hardness and shear modulus, low thermal conductivity, strain hardening of Nickel-based superalloys lead to high machining forces and temperature, poor surface quality and integrity, rapid tool wear, etc. The present article investigates the tool wear mechanism of the tungsten carbide (WC) tool in μ-turning of Nimonic 90 under dry, wet, and vegetable oil-based cutting fluid (VCF). Canola oil is used as vegetable oil. Three different combinations of cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut are considered for analysis. The tool wear is characterized using optical and scanning electron microscopy. Machining with VCF shows an approximate reduction of flank wear width in the range of 12–52% compared to dry and wet conditions. The main wear mechanisms observed on the tool flank and rake face are abrasion, built-up edge adhesion, and edge chipping. The VCF considerably reduces the adhesion and abrasion and, hence, increases tool life. The chips produced in dry conditions are found fractured and uneven, whereas, it had an uneven lamella structure in wet conditions. The VCF found reducing the plastic deformation in each cutting condition, as a result, producing fine lamella structured chips.
Challenges to Engaging Older Adults in a Group-Based Walking Intervention: Lessons From the Residents in Action Trial
Authors: Olson Jenny L. , Papathomas Anthony , Kritz Marlene , Ntoumanis Nikos , Quested Eleanor , Thøgersen-Ntoumani Cecilie 
Published: December 2021

This qualitative research explored older adults’ perceptions of participating in group-based walking programs set in independent-living retirement village contexts. Semistructured interviews were conducted with a subset of participants from the Residents in Action Trial. Data were analyzed through a combination of deductive and inductive thematic analysis. Findings were interpreted from a social identity perspective. Five themes were identified: (a) varying levels of social cohesion in retirement villages; (b) degree of shared identity between residents; (c) health, mobility, and preferred pace; (d) devotion to spouse; and (e) busy lives. When designing group-based walking interventions in retirement villages, it is important to consider community-level social cohesion and degree of relatedness between village residents. When attempting to build a sense of shared identity and relatedness between group members, researchers and policy makers should consider differing backgrounds, capabilities, schedules, and interests of participants.