bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The biology and ecology of tropical marine sardines and herrings in Indo-West Pacific fisheries: a review
Authors: Hunnam Kimberley 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTropical sardines and herrings (Family Clupeidae) form important fisheries resources in the Indo-West Pacific region. However knowledge of their biology and ecology is largely scattered across diverse localised studies. In addition, their challenging taxonomy due to numerous, morphologically similar species, coupled with data collected from dispersed, often small-scale and mixed species fisheries, creates difficulties for comparing species-level research and fisheries statistics across the region. This review considers four main groups of tropical marine clupeid species important for Indo-West Pacific fisheries—Sardinella (subg. Sardinella) species (‘Round-bodied Sardinellas’), Sardinella (subg. Clupeonia) species (‘Flat-bodied Sardinellas’), Amblygaster species (‘Tropical Pilchards’), and Herklotsichthys and Escualosa species (‘Tropical Herrings’)—and collates and synthesises existing knowledge on early life history, reproduction, trophic biology, habitat associations and population dynamics. Most research on tropical clupeid biology and ecology in the Indo-West Pacific is concentrated on the Round-bodied Sardinellas (S. longiceps and S. lemuru) from a few major fishery locations; other species-groups have been studied sporadically across their distributions. Characteristics such as maximum size, life span, size at first maturity and some habitat associations are generally similar within species-groups and differ between groups. However differences within the same reported species highlight the importance of continued work to improve taxonomic identification. There remain substantial gaps in knowledge on all species-groups. Regular critical review of specific research topics, such as reproductive parameters and population dynamics, would assist to standardise methods and terminology used, enable consolidation and comparison of findings, identify local research agenda, and help build and improve research on these important tropical species.
Intentional and Phenomenal Properties: How not to be Inseparatists
Authors: Márton Miklós 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper I give an overview of the recent developments in the phenomenalism – intentionalism debate and try to show that the proposed solutions of neither sides are satisfying. The claims and arguments of the two parties are rather vague and attribute to intentional and phenomenal properties either a too weak or a too strong relationship: too weak in the sense that they establish only mere coexistence, or too strong in the sense that they attribute some a priori conceptual connection to intentional and phenomenal properties. I also compare these theories to other theories developed for solving the mind–body problem and argue that these former are much less elaborated. In the end of the paper I try to explain that all of this is not just a contingent feature of the topic, but has deep conceptual roots: intentionality and phenomenal consciousness are two quite distinct concepts on two quite distinct levels.
Perceptions of involvement in advance care planning and emotional functioning in patients with advanced cancer
Authors:   on behalf of the eQuiPe study group, Kroon Lente L. , van Roij Janneke , Korfage Ida J. , Reyners An K. L. , van den Beuken-van Everdingen Marieke H. J. , den Boer Marien O. , Creemers Geert-Jan , de Graeff Alexander , Hendiks Mathijs P. , Hunting Jarmo C. B. , de Jong Wouter K. , Kuip Evelien J. M. , van Laarhoven Hanneke W. M. , van Leeuwen Lobke , van Lindert Anne S. R. , Mandigers Caroline M. P.W. , Nieboer Peter , van der Padt-Pruijsten Annemieke , Smilde Tineke J. , Sommeijer Dirkje W. , Thijs Martine F. , Tiemessen Marian A. , Vos Allert H. , Vreugdenhil Art , Werner Philo T. , van Zuylen Lia , van de Poll-Franse Lonneke V. , Raijmakers Natasja J. H. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Advance Care Planning (ACP) is positively associated with the quality of care, but its impact on emotional functioning is ambiguous. This study investigated the association between perceptions of ACP involvement and emotional functioning in patients with advanced cancer.

Methods
This study analyzed baseline data of 1,001 patients of the eQuiPe study, a prospective, longitudinal, multicenter, observational study on quality of care and quality of life in patients with advanced cancer in the Netherlands. Patients with metastatic solid cancer were asked to participate between November 2017 and January 2020. Patients’ perceptions of ACP involvement were measured by three self-administered statements. Emotional functioning was measured by the EORTC-QLQ-C30. A linear multivariable regression analysis was performed while taking gender, age, migrant background, education, marital status, and symptom burden into account.

Results
The majority of patients (87%) reported that they were as much involved as they wanted to be in decisions about their future medical treatment and care. Most patients felt that their relatives (81%) and physicians (75%) were familiar with their preferences for future medical treatment and care. A positive association was found between patients’ perceptions of ACP involvement and their emotional functioning (b=0.162, p<0.001, 95%CI[0.095;0.229]) while controlling for relevant confounders.

Conclusions
Perceptions of involvement in ACP are positively associated with emotional functioning in patients with advanced cancer. Future studies are needed to further investigate the effect of ACP on emotional functioning.

Trial registration number
NTR6584 Date of registration: 30 June 2017

Implications for Cancer Survivors
Patients’ emotional functioning might improve from routine discussions regarding goals of future care. Therefore, integration of ACP into palliative might be promising.
Particle Accumulation Structures in a 5 cSt Silicone Oil Liquid Bridge: New Data for the Preparation of the JEREMI Experiment
Authors: Capobianchi Paolo , Lappa Marcello 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSystems of solid particles in suspension driven by a time-periodic flow tend to create structures in the carrier fluid that are reminiscent of highly regular geometrical items. Within such a line of inquiry, the present study provides numerical results in support of the space experiments JEREMI (Japanese and European Research Experiment on Marangoni flow Instabilities) planned for execution onboard the International Space Station. The problem is tackled by solving the unsteady non-linear governing equations for the same conditions that will be established in space (microgravity, 5 cSt silicone oil and different aspect ratios of the liquid bridge). The results reveal that for a fixed supporting disk radius, the dynamics are deeply influenced by the height of the liquid column. In addition to its expected link with the critical threshold for the onset of instability (which makes Marangoni flow time-periodic), this geometrical parameter can have a significant impact on the emerging waveform and therefore the topology of particle structures. While for shallow liquid bridges, pulsating flows are the preferred mode of convection, for tall floating columns the dominant outcome is represented by rotating fluid-dynamic disturbance. In the former situation, particles self-organize in circular sectors bounded internally by regions of particle depletion, whereas in the latter case, particles are forced to accumulate in a spiral-like structure. The properties of some of these particle attractors have rarely been observed in earlier studies concerned with fluids characterized by smaller values of the Prandtl number.
Sliding-mode observers based distributed consensus control for nonlinear multi-agent systems with disturbances
Authors: Jiang Yulian , Zhang Yuhang , Wang Hongquan , Liu Keping 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe distributed consensus control problem for nonlinear multi-agent systems (MASs) with external disturbances under switching directed topologies is investigated. Distributed sliding-mode observers are designed considering both nonlinear dynamics and disturbances in MASs. Utilizing estimated states information via sliding-mode observers, a control protocol is constructed and analyzed to ensure the MASs reach consensus, and additionally guarantee the desired disturbance rejection criterion. Furthermore, the simulation experiment is carried out by taking multiple simple-pendulum network systems. By comparing this work with the related existing results, our designed observers are superior in estimating states information simultaneously considering both nonlinear dynamics and external disturbances, and the experiment result analysis shows validity of distributed consensus algorithm based on sliding-mode observers for MASs.
Collision-free path planning for welding manipulator via hybrid algorithm of deep reinforcement learning and inverse kinematics
Authors: Zhong Jie , Wang Tao , Cheng Lianglun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn actual welding scenarios, an effective path planner is needed to find a collision-free path in the configuration space for the welding manipulator with obstacles around. However, as a state-of-the-art method, the sampling-based planner only satisfies the probability completeness and its computational complexity is sensitive with state dimension. In this paper, we propose a path planner for welding manipulators based on deep reinforcement learning for solving path planning problems in high-dimensional continuous state and action spaces. Compared with the sampling-based method, it is more robust and is less sensitive with state dimension. In detail, to improve the learning efficiency, we introduce the inverse kinematics module to provide prior knowledge while a gain module is also designed to avoid the local optimal policy, we integrate them into the training algorithm. To evaluate our proposed planning algorithm in multiple dimensions, we conducted multiple sets of path planning experiments for welding manipulators. The results show that our method not only improves the convergence performance but also is superior in terms of optimality and robustness of planning compared with most other planning algorithms.
How Land‐Sea Interaction of Tidal and Sea Breeze Activity Affect Mangrove Net Ecosystem Exchange?
Authors: Zhu Xudong , Qin Zhangcai , Song Lulu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCoastal mangrove wetlands experience unique land‐sea interaction including periodic tidal and sea breeze activity; however, their impacts on mangrove net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon dioxide have not been well investigated. In this regard, continuous eddy covariance and auxiliary measurements were conducted to characterize the temporal variations in NEE and environmental controls in a subtropical mangrove of southeastern China. Over a 3‐year measurement period, this mangrove acted a consistent carbon sink showing weak seasonality in NEE with a stronger sink in spring. Environmental controls on NEE varied across time scales: (1) at half‐hourly time scale especially for summer and autumn, high temperature and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) suppressed daytime carbon uptake, while inundation fraction and rain restrained nighttime carbon efflux; (2) the importance of environmental impacts on daily NEE decreased in the order of photosynthetically active radiation, air temperature, sea breeze, VPD, tidal salinity, and inundation; (3) monthly carbon uptake was statistically negatively and positively correlated with inundation fraction and rain, respectively. Periodic tidal inundation exerted both direct and indirect effects, but their relative importance changed across time scales. Cooling and wetting effects from regular sea breeze relieved atmospheric temperature/moisture stresses at afternoon, acting as an important indirect effect to promote carbon uptake. This study confirms the importance of previously neglected indirect effects of land‐sea interaction of tidal and sea breeze activity on mangrove NEE.
Helium diffusion in magnetic stellar atmospheres of early B-type stars
Authors: Panei J. A. , Vallverdú R. E. , Cidale L. S. 
Published: April 2021

Context. The treatment of diffusion in stellar atmospheres of chemically peculiar stars is complex and difficult to model and has been treated mainly in A-type and late B-type stars. Vertical stratification is very often fixed from ad hoc chemical distribution profiles obtained by combining high-resolution spectropolarimetric observations and magnetic Doppler imaging techniques.
Aims. Our goal is to improve the modelling of diffusion in magnetic B-type stars and reproduce non-homogeneous surface distributions in helium-peculiar stars. Moreover, we aim to predict the photospheric vertical stratification by self-consistently calculating atomic diffusion in the presence of magnetic fields.
Methods. We solved the flow equations that describe gravitational settling along with thermal and chemical diffusion in stellar atmospheres under the influence of magnetic fields. We based the atomic diffusion on a previous treatment, which considers a mix of gases with various relative velocities. We took advantage of calculations from the literature on the stellar evolution of white dwarf stars. In this study, we neglected the effect of the radiative acceleration.
Results. We described the helium abundance with latitude and depth in hot and intermediate spectral B-type stars considering diffusion processes with and without magnetic fields. We found variations in the number density of atoms between the magnetic pole and the equator that depend on the direction of the Lorentz force. This effect leads to under- or over-abundances in helium, giving the appearance of rings (equator) or spots (pole). However, the chemical profile found does not reproduce the strength of the helium lines.
Conclusions. We concluded that the resulting chemical profiles computed with diffusion processes under the approximation of effective atoms describe the behaviour observed in the helium lines in He peculiar stars but it does not explain the observed strength. Other mechanisms in addition to diffusion, such as stellar winds, should be explored in detail.
MesoTIPS: Combined Approach for the Treatment of Portal Hypertension Secondary to Portal Vein Thrombosis – A Brief Report
Authors: Chamsuddin Abbas , Nazzal Lama , Heffron Thomas , Gaber Osama , Achou Raja , Martin Louis G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroduction: We describe a technique we call “Meso-transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (MTIPS)” for relief of portal hypertension secondary to portal vein thrombosis (PVT) using combined surgical and endovascular technique. Materials and Methods: Nine adult patients with PVT underwent transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt through a combined transjugular and mesenteric approach (MTIPS), in which a peripheral mesenteric vein was exposed through a minilaparotomy approach. The right hepatic vein was accessed through a transjugular approach. Mechanical thrombectomy, thrombolysis, and angioplasty were performed when feasible to clear PVT. Results: All patients had technically successful procedures. Patients were followed up for a mean time of 13.3 months (range: 8 days to 3 years). All patients are still alive and asymptomatic. Conclusion: We conclude that MTIPS is effective for the relief of portal hypertension secondary to PVT.
Arab's Research Productivity and Contribution to Vascular and Interventional Radiology Literature
Authors: Al Zahrani Yousof , Arabi Mohammad 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjective: Vascular and interventional radiology (VIR) is one of the most rapidly growing fields of medicine. In this report, we evaluate the contribution of Arab countries to VIR publications and literature. Materials and Methods: Using PubMed database, we reviewed the total number of VIR publications from all Arab countries. In addition, we evaluated the total number of IR articles from each individual country, number of publications in VIR specialty journals and the type of manuscripts. Results: Seventy-four articles from different Arab countries were published in different journals from 1988 to 2016. Only 11 (14.9') articles were published in interventional radiology journals. The majority of these publications were from Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 31 (41.9') articles, followed by 20 (27.02') articles from Egypt, 7 articles (9.5') from Jordan, 6 articles (8.1) from Kuwait, and 4 articles (5.4') from Morocco. There was one article (1.4') from Lebanon, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Tunis, and Qatar. Nine (12.2') articles from different Arab countries were published in the two highest impact specialty journals in VIR. Conclusion: This review demonstrated the limited number of publications and poor contribution of Arab countries to VIR literature. Collaborative efforts of researchers, governments, and funding bodies are needed to improve research output in this important field of medicine.
Safety of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate for Pregnant Women Facing the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Authors: Hernández-Díaz Sonia , Bateman Brian T , Straub Loreen , Zhu Yanmin , Mogun Helen , Fischer Michael , Huybrechts Krista F 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We assessed the teratogenicity of tenofovir, a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug similar to remdesivir that is currently being evaluated for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Using US Medicaid Analytic eXtract (MAX) claims data (2000–2014), we identified a population-based pregnancy cohort of women with HIV who filled at least 1 prescription for antiretroviral therapies (ART) during the first trimester. Women on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) were compared with women receiving ART without TDF. Major malformations were identified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes using validated algorithms. Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using propensity score stratification to control for potential confounders. We incorporated the results into prior knowledge by conducting a systematic literature review and a meta-analysis. Major congenital malformations were diagnosed in 37 out of 866 (4.27%) infants exposed to TDF and 38 out of 1,020 (3.73%) infants exposed to ART other than TDF; the adjusted relative risk was 1.21 (95% confidence interval: 0.77, 1.90). Estimates for specific malformations were imprecise. The pooled relative risk from the meta-analysis with 6 prior studies was 0.88 (95% confidence interval: 0.75, 1.03). Based on evidence accumulated in patients with HIV, first-trimester TDF use does not increase the risk of major congenital malformations overall in the newborn compared with other ART.
White matter abnormalities are key components of cerebrovascular disease impacting cognitive decline
Authors: Vemuri Prashanthi , Graff-Radford Jonathan , Lesnick Timothy G , Przybelski Scott A , Reid Robert I , Reddy Ashritha L , Lowe Val J , Mielke Michelle M , Machulda Mary M , Petersen Ronald C , Knopman David S , Jack Clifford R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
While cerebrovascular disease can be observed in vivo using MRI, the multiplicity and heterogeneity in the mechanisms of cerebrovascular damage impede accounting for these measures in ageing and dementia studies. Our primary goal was to investigate the key sources of variability across MRI markers of cerebrovascular disease and evaluate their impact in comparison to amyloidosis on cognitive decline in a population-based sample. Our secondary goal was to evaluate the prognostic utility of a cerebrovascular summary measure from all markers. We included both visible lesions seen on MRI (white matter hyperintensities, cortical and subcortical infarctions, lobar and deep microbleeds) and early white matter damage due to systemic vascular health using diffusion changes in the genu of the corpus callosum. We identified 1089 individuals aged ≥60 years with concurrent amyloid-PET and MRI scans from the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging. We divided these into discovery and validation datasets. Using the discovery dataset, we conducted principal component analyses and ascertained the main sources of variability in cerebrovascular disease markers. Using linear regression and mixed effect models, we evaluated the utility of these principal components and combinations of these components for the prediction of cognitive performance along with amyloidosis. Our main findings were (i) there were three primary sources of variability among the CVD measures—white matter changes are driven by white matter hyperintensities and diffusion changes; number of microbleeds (lobar and deep); and number of infarctions (cortical and subcortical); (ii) Components of white matter changes and microbleeds but not infarctions significantly predicted cognition trajectories in all domains with greater contributions from white matter; and (iii) The summary vascular score explained 3–5% of variability in baseline global cognition in comparison to 3–6% variability explained by amyloidosis. Across all cognitive domains, the vascular summary score had the least impact on memory performance (∼1%). Though there is mechanistic heterogeneity in the cerebrovascular disease markers measured on MRI, these changes can be grouped into three components and together explain variability in cognitive performance equivalent to the impact of amyloidosis on cognition. White matter changes represent dynamic ongoing damage, predicts future cognitive decline across all domains and diffusion measurements help capture white matter damage due to systemic vascular changes. Therefore, measuring and accounting for white matter changes using diffusion MRI and white matter hyperintensities along with microbleeds will allow us to capture vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia.
Evidence, Experience, Expertise, and the US Coronavirus Disease 2019 Public Health Response
Authors: Goswami Neela D , Fiore Anthony E , Walke Henry T 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), state, tribal, and local health departments assess available and promising interventions and individual and population health outcomes when crafting public health recommendations. This supplement provides a snapshot of some of the science, experience, and expertise supporting the COVID-19 response.