bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Dexmedetomidine on the Cognitive Function of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) Rats
Authors: Zhou Qian , Xie Dongjin , Chen Ting , Gao Youguang , Lin Lanying , Lin Xianzhong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The study sought to investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on cognitive function after anesthesia and to examine its actual mechanism. Methods: A total of 48 rats were randomly divided into model Groups A, B, C, or D. Rats in Groups A, B, and C received a hypodermic injection of D-gal with a concentration of 1,000 mg·kg−1·d−1 respectively for 1 week. Group D received the same volume of saline. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed within 6 days of the injection. After the behavior test, Group A received an inhalation dose of 2% sevoflurane. Group B received an inhalation dose of 2% sevoflurane and an intraoperative infusion of dexmedetomidine with a concentration of 10 μg·kg−1·h−1. Group C served as the control group and received no treatment. Group D received an inhalation dose of 2% sevoflurane. Results: In relation to the model establishment, we found that there was no significant difference in body weight and swimming speed before and after modeling. There was no statistically significant difference in the escape latency between Groups A, B, C, and D before modeling. After modeling, there was no statistical difference in the escape latency between Groups A, B, and C, but the difference was statistically significant when compared to Group D (P<0.05). In relation to the dexmedetomidine intervention, we found that compared to Group C, MWM test performance in Group A and B was considerably worse (longer escape latencies and fewer platform crossings within 90 seconds), and were more significant in Group A. .Compared with Group D, the levels of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α of the brain homogenates were elevated, and this elevation was highest in Group A, followed by Group B; The pathological changes were consistent with changes in behavioral tests. In group A, there were obvious disorders of glial cell arrangement, apoptosis and deletion. There was no significant change in group D. And the changes of vertebral cells in group B and group C were slight, with orderly arrangement and intact cell structure.Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine inhibits the apoptosis of hippocampal cells and reduces the cognitive dysfunction of rats with MCI induced by D-galactose via the inhibition of the release of inflammatory cytokines.
Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Exosomes Alleviate Testicular Torsion Injury via Activation of PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK1/2 Pathways
Authors: Liu Hengchen , Shi Manyu , Li Xiangqi , Lu Wenjun , Zhang Mingzhao , Zhang Tingting , Wu Yang , Zhang Zenan , Cui Qingbo , Yang Shulong , Li Zhaozhu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Exosomes have became a new therapeutic method in recent years. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cell-derived exosomes (ADSC-Exos) have shown great potential in the treatment of ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, there is no research on whether ADSC-Exos can alleviate testicular torsion injury. Therefore, we investigated the protective effect of ADSC-Exos in alleviating testicular torsion-detorsion injury.Methods: ADSC-Exos were isolated by ultracentrifugation and injected into the torsion-detorsion-affected testes of rats. H&E staining and sperm quality were used to evaluate the therapeutic effects of ADSC-Exos, and the level of tissue oxidative stress was determined using malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). In addition, TUNEL staining and immunohistological analyses (Ki67, cleaved Caspase-3, IL-6, IL-10, CCR7, and CD163) were used to clarify the effects of ADSC-Exos on spermatogenic cell proliferation, apoptosis, and the inflammatory microenvironment in vivo. Possible signaling pathways were predicted using sequencing technology and bioinformatics analysis. The signaling pathways were validated by proliferation (EdU), migration (transwell and scratch test), and apoptosis (flow cytometry, TUNEL, and western blot) in vitro.Results: ADSC-Exos alleviated testicular torsion-detorsion injury by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. In addition, ADSC-Exos promoted the proliferation and migration of spermatogenic cells and inhibited their apoptosis by activating the PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathways.Conclusions: Overall, we demonstrated that ADSC-Exos can alleviate testicular torsion injury and provided a new approach for treating testicular torsion injury.
Apixaban Prophylactic Anticoagulation in Patients With Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Meerhaeghe Tess Van , Cez Alexandre , Dahan Karin , Esteve Emmanuel , Elalamy Ismail , Boffa Jean Jacques , Ponlot Eleonore 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic events (TE), due to hemostatic derangements. The use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) in the prevention of TE hasn’t been studied intensively in patients suffering from NS.
Methods

Retrospective analysis of consecutive incident patients with NS due to glomerular disease, receiving apixaban for thrombophylaxis. It is an uncontrolled, single center study.
Results

We identified 27 patients treated with apixaban for the prevention of TE, in the context of NS. During follow-up apixaban Cmin and Cmax levels were measured. The mean duration of the anticoagulant treatment was 153 days (± 132). Patients were followed for a mean of 14.7 months (± 8.4) since the introduction of apixaban. Three patients had a TE at the time of NS diagnosis. Two patients had pulmonary embolism (PE) and one patient presented a stroke in lupus membranous nephropathy context. One patient developed PE approximately 2 months after introduction of apixaban treatment. No minor nor major bleeding events were noticed.
Conclusion

The present study shows that patients, suffering from severe NS under anticoagulant therapy with apixaban had reduced risk of venous and arterial TE compared to patients previously described in the literature, without increased risk of bleeding.
Typology and Characteristics of Indigenous Goats and Production Systems in Different Agro-Ecological Zones of Tanzania
Authors: Nguluma Athumani Shabani , Kyalo Martina , Tarekegn Getinet Mekuriaw , Loina Rose , Nziku Zabron , Chenyambuga Sebastian Wilson , Pelle Roger 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A study was conducted in all agro-ecological zones in Tanzania to characterize the indigenous goat populations. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected from 688 randomly selected adult female goats. A total of 220 households were interviewed for description of production system. Income generation and meat production were the primary objectives of rearing goats across all the study areas. More than 55% of respondents grazed their animals freely in communal lands where natural pasture was the chief feed resource. Mating was mainly uncontrolled with apron and castration being used by goat keepers as mating control methods. Common diseases were contagious caprine pleural pneumonia and helminthiasis but majority had access to veterinary services and vaccinated their animals regularly. Feed shortage, prevalence of diseases, and water scarcity were the major constraints to goat production. There were morphological variations between and within these goat populations and discriminant analysis clustered the goats into two groups based on quantitative data. Most individuals from Ujiji, Newala, and Tanga goats were correctly classified into their source population, while misassignment was high for other populations. High twinning was observed in Ujiji and Lindi goats and low for Sukuma. The dominant coat color was plain white in Pare, Gogo, Maasai and Tanga. Other coat colour patterns were mixed black and white for Sukuma, reddish-brown for Lindi, black and reddish-brown for Ujiji, white and reddish-brown for Pwani and Maasai. Within and between variation observed is important as it can be used as a basis for genetic improvement through selection and/or crossbreeding.
Distortional Extrema and Holes in the Geometric Manifold
Authors: koehler dale 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
It is shown in the present work that the distorted-space model of matter as extended to extreme curvature limits results in characteristics mimicking those of galactic-holes. The distorted-geometry structures exhibit non-Newtonian features wherein the hole or core-region fields of the structure are energetically-repulsive (negative pressure), do not behave functionally in an r− 4 manner and terminate at zero at the radial origin (no singularity). Of particular interest is that of r− 6 energy-density behavior at structural radial distances near the core of the distortion, a region also displaying potential-well behavior.
Recombinant Growth Hormone Therapy in Children With Turner’s Syndrome in Korea: A Phase III Randomized Trial
Authors: Kim Jinsup , Kim Min-Sun , Suh Byung-Kyu , Ko Cheol Woo , Lee Kee-Hyoung , Yoo Han-Wook , Shin Choong Ho , Hwang Jin Soon , Kim Ho-Seong , Chung Woo Yeong , Kim Chan Jong , Han Heon-Seok , Jin Dong-Kyu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

Short stature is the most consistent characteristic feature of Turner syndrome (TS). To improve final heights of children with TS effectively, it is important to provide them with early and appropriate treatment using growth hormone (GH). The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of a new recombinant human GH, Growtropin®-II (DA-3002, Dong-A ST Co., Ltd) in comparison with a comparator (Genotropin®, Pfizer Inc.) for Korean children with TS.
Methods

This open-label, active-controlled, parallel-group, randomized controlled phase III trial was conducted at 11 hospitals in Korea. Eligible patients (n = 58) were randomized to two groups: 1) DA-3002 group (administrated with DA-3002 at 0.14 IU /kg/day); and 2) comparator group (administrated with the comparator at 0.14 IU /kg/day).
Results

The change from baseline in annualized height velocity (HV) after a 52-week treatment was 4.15 ± 0.30 cm/year in the DA-3002 group and 4.34 ± 0.29 cm/year in the comparator group. The lower bound of 95% two-sided confidence interval for group difference in the change of annualized HV (-1.02) satisfied the non-inferiority margin (-1.5). The change in height standard deviation score (HtSDS) at 52-week was 0.70 ± 0.23 for the DA-3002 group and 0.66 ± 0.39 for the comparator group, showing no significant (p = 0.685) difference between the two groups. Skeletal maturity defined as a change in bone age or a change in chronological age between the two groups was not significantly different (1.25 ± 0.58 for the DA-3002 group and 1.47 ± 0.45 for the comparator group, p = 0.134). Changes of serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) after 52 weeks of treatment did not differ significantly between the two groups (p = 0.565 and p = 0.388, respectively) either. Adverse events were not significant in either group.
Conclusions

This study demonstrates that the efficacy and safety of GH treatment with DA-3002 in children with TS are comparable with those of the comparator. Thus, treatment with DA-3002 can be used to improve their growth. DA-3002 is also well tolerated in children with TS.
Trial registration:

The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01813630 (19/03/2013)
Modeling of Chaotic Processes by Means of Antisymmetric Neural ODEs
Authors: Belozyorov Vasiliy , Dantsev Danylo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The main goal of this work is to construct an algorithm for modeling chaotic processes using special neural ODEs with antisymmetric matrices (antisymmetric neural ODEs) and power activation functions (PAFs). The central part of this algorithm is to design a neural ODEs architecture that would guarantee the generation of a stable limit cycle for a known time series. Then, one neuron is added to each equation of the created system until the approximating properties of this system satisfy the well-known Kolmogorov theorem on the approximation of a continuous function of many variables. In addition, as a result of such an addition of neurons, the cascade of bifurcations that allows generating a chaotic attractor from stable limit cycles is launched. We also consider the possibility of generating a homoclinic orbit whose bifurcations lead to the appearance of a chaotic attractor of another type. In conclusion, the conditions under which the found attractor adequately simulates the chaotic process are discussed. Examples are given.
TP53 and NRAS are the Most Frequently Mutated Genes in Stool DNA of CRC Patients from Central Part of Iran
Authors: Saberi Farideh , Sarhadi Virinder , Youssef Omar , Kokkola Arto , Puolakkainen Pauli , Knuutila Sakari , Salehi Rasoul 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) rated among the three most diagnosed cancers and the fourth main cause of death worldwide. CRC is a curable cancer provided to be diagnosed at its early-stage. Colonoscopy, stool and blood-based tests are in use for CRC diagnosis/screening. Due to low patient compliance, low specificity and high rate of false results, more reliable methods with desired level of detection accuracy and high patients’ compliance are highly demanded. Detecting hotspot mutations in stool DNA emerged as a robust noninvasive alternative, but due to the different genetic background of various populations and hence varied mutation spectrum/prevalence, prior assessment of CRC mutations in the population is essential. Here, we have evaluated stool DNAs from CRC patients and controls using a NGS based 22 genes panel. Hotspot mutations in NRAS, FGFR3, SMAD4 and TP53 genes had higher prevalence among the CRC patients compare to normal controls. Patients were followed up in their post-surgical period. Six of them (12%) with TP53 mutations (2 patients had NRAS mutation as well) were died of cancer. Those harboring mutations in TP53 and/or NRAS would be regarded as high risk and should be provided with special care.
Transcriptome and Proteome Profiling Revealed Molecular Mechanism of Selenium Responses in Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)
Authors: Ma Qian , Feng Xiaoqing 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Although selenium (Se) plays important roles in scavenging free radicals, alleviating oxidative stresses, and strengthening immune system, the knowledge about Se response in bread wheat is still limited. In order to clarify the molecular mechanism of Se response in bread wheat, 2-week-old wheat seedlings of cultivar ‘Jimai22’ treated with 10 μM disodium selenate (Na2SeO4) for 0 h, 3 h, and 24 h were collected and analyzed by transcriptional sequencing and tandem mass tag-based (TMT) quantitative proteomics. Results: At least 11656 proteins and 133911 genes were identified, and proteins including ATP sulfurylase (APS), cysteine synthase (CS), SeCys lyase, sulfate transporters, glutathione S-transferase (GSTs), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutaredoxins (GRXs), superoxide dismutases (SODs), catalases (CATs), heat shock proteins (HSPs), UDP-glycose flavonoid glycosyltransferases (UFGTs), sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolases (Suc-6-PHs), archaeal phosphoglucose isomerases (APGIs), malate synthases (MSs), and endo-1,4-beta-xylanase (Xyn) in Se accumulation, ROS scavenging, secondary metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism were significantly differently expressed.Conclusions: This is the first complementary analyses of the transcriptome and proteome related with selenium responses in bread wheat. Our work enhances the understanding about the molecular mechanism of selenium responses in bread wheat.
Novel Variants of the Sternal Muscle in an Adult and an Anencephalic Infant: Embryological Insights and Clinical Implications
Authors: Cabello Emilio Farfán , Gaete Marcia , H. Oscar Inzunza , M. Mark Echeverría , R. Verónica Inostroza 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The sternal muscle is a supernumerary variant of the thoracic muscles found in 3–8% of the population. When present, it can be unilateral or bilateral, which can produce confusions during surgeries and imagenological examinations.
Methods
We report the finding of the sternalis muscle in two human cadavers, one adult and one anencephalic infant. The muscles were dissected from the fixed bodies and their morphometry analysed.
Results
In the case of the adult, we observed two sternal muscles connected in the superior portion by a central tendon. In the case of the anencephalic infant, we found a bilateral sternal muscle, in which the bellies came from the contralateral pectoralis major muscles. The two sternalis muscle variants found here were impossible to categorise according to the current classifications.
Conclusions
The sternalis muscle displays variants that are still not classified, as observed in the case of the adult and the infant, in which its presence was correlated with anencephaly. We discuss about this muscular variation in the clinical, imagenological and surgical context and propose a developmental link with the occurrence of neural tube closure defects.
Disruption of the Gut Microbiota Attenuates Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Sensitivity to Cisplatin Therapy
Authors: Chambers Laura M. , Esakov Emily , Braley Chad , Trestan Lexie , Alali Zahraa , Bayik Defne , Lathia Justin D. , Sangwan Naseer , Bazeley Peter , Joehlin-Price Amy S. , Dwidar Mohammed , Hajjar Adeline M. , Ahern Philip P. , Claesen Jan , Rose Peter G. , Vargas Roberto , Brown J. Mark , Michener Chad , Reizes Ofer 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) is the second most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States, but the leading cause of gynecologic cancer death. Despite many achieving remission with first-line therapy, up to 80% of patients will recur and require additional treatment. Antibiotic therapy is frequently used during cancer treatments for both prophylaxis and treatment of infections, although this profoundly impacts the gut microbiome. Multiple studies suggest that an unperturbed gut microbiome may provide a protective microenvironment, and disruption may be permissive to tumor growth and chemotherapy resistance, including platinum agents. Experimental Design: We assessed whether antibiotic therapy would impact growth of EOC and sensitivity to cisplatin in murine models. Immune competent or compromised mice were given control or antibiotic (ABX) containing water (metronidazole, ampicillin, vancomycin, and neomycin) for two weeks before being intraperitoneally injected with murine ID8 or ID8-VEGF EOC cells. Tumors were monitored and cisplatin therapy was administered weekly until endpoint. Stool was collected throughout the study to assess for microbial population effects over time. Cecal microbiota transplants (CMTs) of contents derived from ABX or control treated donor mice were performed on ABX treated recipient mice. Results: Both immune competent and immune compromised ID8 and ID8 VEGF tumor-bearing mice demonstrated a decreased response to cisplatin therapy in ABX treated groups with an increase in overall tumor burden. RNAseq analysis showed enrichment of multiple cell proliferation and stem cell pathways, and stem cell genes SOX2, WNT and PAX2. The self-renewal of cancer cells derived from tumors of ABX treated mice was increased compared to tumors from control mice, indicative of a microbiota derived tumor suppressor. Conclusion: Collectively, these studies indicate an intact microbiome provides a tumor suppressor and maintains chemosensitivity that is disrupted by ABX treatment.
Severe Mitral Valve Insufficiency Caused by Standard Surgical Aortic Valve Implantation and Its Reparation Using Suture-Less Prosthesis. Case report
Authors: Al-obeidallah Mahmoud , Marián Kohut , Štengl Milan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: aortic valve stenosis is the most frequent cardiac valve pathology in the western world. Surgical aortic valve replacement is the gold standard for the treatment of significant degenerative aortic valve diseases.Case presentation: this case report highlights an unexpected abnormal iatrogenic shortening of the aorto-mitral continuity and its deformity, during traditional AVR using sutured stented aortic prosthesis as the first choice, which caused significant mitral valve regurgitation. The suture-less prosthesis was a rescue choice to restore the geometry and eliminate the deformation of the aorto-mitral continuity.Conclusions: aortic valve replacement using suture-less prosthesis could be a valuable optional choice for lowering the risk of deformation of the aortic annulus and aorto-mitral continuity. It might provide better outcomes in combined procedures.
SPOCK1 and POSTN are Valuable Prognostic Biomarkers and Correlate with Tumor Immune Infiltrates in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Gan Caiqin , Li Mengting , Peng Ganjing , Li Wenjie , Wang Haizhou , Peng Yanan , Hu Qian , Wei Wanhui , Wang Fan , Liu Lan , Zhao Qiu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Immune cells and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) play a vital role in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). The study aimed to screen valuable prognostic biomarkers in CRC based on stromal and immune scores.Method: We used the ESTIMATE algorithm to calculate the immune and stromal scores of CRC samples in TCGA. Then the CRC samples were divided into high and low score groups based on the median value of the immune and stromal scores. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with immune score and stromal score were screened. WGCNA and univariate COX regression analysis were performed to further identify key prognostic genes. The prognostic value of key genes was validated based on The Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and GSE17536 dataset.TIMER and CIBERSORT algorithms were applied to analyze the correlations among key genes and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Several pairs of colon cancer tissue were used to be proven.Result: 1314 upregulated and 4 downregulated genes associated with immune score and stromal score were identified, which were significantly enriched in immune-related biological processes and pathways. Among these DEGs, SPOCK1 and POSTN were identified as key prognostic genes. High expression of SPCOK1 and POSTN was associated with advanced clinical stage, T stage, N stage, and poor prognosis of CRC. The results from CIBERSORT and TIMER revealed that SPOCK1 and POSTN were associated with tumor-infiltrating immune cells, especially macrophages and neutrophils. Meanwhile, in several pairs of human colorectal tissue samples, SPOK1 and POSTN were found to be significantly overexpressed in colorectal tissue compared with para-cancer tissue, and macrophage surface markers CD68 (co-expressed by M1 and M2 macrophages) and CD206 (M2-specific macrophage expression) were also overexpressed in cancer tissue. Besides, SPOCK1 and POSTN expression were positively correlated with the expression of immune checkpoints.Conclusion: Collectively, our results indicate that SPOCK1 and POSTN may be novel prognostic biomarkers in CRC and correlate with immune infiltrates.