bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine needle aspiration cytology of mesenchymal hamartoma of liver mimicking hepatoblastoma: A case report
Authors: Thakur Shilpi , Yadav Rajni , Agarwala Sandeep , Jana Manisha , Jain Deepali , Mathur Sandeep R. , Iyer Venkateswaran K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an effective tool for early and quick diagnosis of malignant and metastatic liver masses. However, diagnosing a benign liver tumor on cytology is a challenging task as they are rarely assessed on cytology and also due to the limitations of the procedure. Mesenchymal hamartoma is an uncommon benign pediatric liver tumor and difficult to diagnose on cytology. We describe here a case of a child who presented with a huge liver mass and clinical suspicion of hepatoblastoma. The child underwent blind FNA, and was diagnosed as mesenchymal hamartoma based on the cytological features. A biopsy was performed subsequently which confirmed the same and then he underwent surgical resection of the tumor. The patient had an uneventful recovery and is disease free on follow up.
Balancing selection, genetic drift, and human‐mediated introgression interplay to shape MHC (functional) diversity in Mediterranean brown trout
Authors: Talarico Lorenzo , Marta Silvio , Rossi Anna Rita , Crescenzo Simone , Petrosino Gerardo , Martinoli Marco , Tancioni Lorenzo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe extraordinary polymorphism of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes is considered a paradigm of pathogen‐mediated balancing selection, although empirical evidence is still scarce. Furthermore, the relative contribution of balancing selection to shape MHC population structure and diversity, compared to that of neutral forces, as well as its interaction with other evolutionary processes such as hybridization, remains largely unclear. To investigate these issues, we analyzed adaptive (MHC‐DAB gene) and neutral (11 microsatellite loci) variation in 156 brown trout (Salmo trutta complex) from six wild populations in central Italy exposed to introgression from domestic hatchery lineages (assessed with the LDH gene). MHC diversity and structuring correlated with those at microsatellites, indicating the substantial role of neutral forces. However, individuals carrying locally rare MHC alleles/supertypes were in better body condition (a proxy of individual fitness/parasite load) regardless of the zygosity status and degree of sequence dissimilarity of MHC, hence supporting balancing selection under rare allele advantage, but not heterozygote advantage or divergent allele advantage. The association between specific MHC supertypes and body condition confirmed in part this finding. Across populations, MHC allelic richness increased with increasing admixture between native and domestic lineages, indicating introgression as a source of MHC variation. Furthermore, introgression across populations appeared more pronounced for MHC than microsatellites, possibly because initially rare MHC variants are expected to introgress more readily under rare allele advantage. Providing evidence for the complex interplay among neutral evolutionary forces, balancing selection, and human‐mediated introgression in shaping the pattern of MHC (functional) variation, our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the evolution of MHC genes in wild populations exposed to anthropogenic disturbance.
Higher growth variability and stronger responses to temperature changes in wild than hatchery‐reared sea trout (Salmo truttaL.)
Authors: Lejk Adam M. , Smoliński Szymon , Radtke Grzegorz , Martyniak Andrzej 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEach year, millions of hatchery‐reared sea‐run brown troutSalmo truttaL. (the sea trout) juveniles are released into the natural environment in the Atlantic region. The aim of this work was to investigate the growth responses of sea trout to changing temperature conditions and to compare the growth plasticity between wild and hatchery‐reared fish. Scales were collected from sea trout in a selected river flowing into the southern Baltic Sea. We analyzed the scale increment widths as a proxy of somatic growth and investigated the interannual variabilities and differences in growth between fish groups (wild and hatchery‐reared). We used mixed‐effects Bayesian modeling and ascribed the variances in growth to different sources. Furthermore, we developed indices of interannual (2003–2015) growth variation in the marine and freshwater phases of the life cycle of the fish and analyzed the relationships between trout growth and temperature. Temperature positively affects fish growth, regardless of the origin of the fish. We observed stronger relationships between fish growth and temperature conditions in the marine phase than in the freshwater phase. Additionally, wild sea trout are characterized by stronger responses to temperature variability and higher phenotypic plasticity of growth than those of the hatchery‐reared individuals. Therefore, wild sea trout might be better suited to changing environmental conditions than hatchery‐reared sea trout. This knowledge identifies possible threats in management actions for sea trout with an emphasis on ongoing climate change.
Versatile Emissive Three‐Coordinated Gold(I) Systems‐Properties and Perspectives
Authors: Alconchel Adrián , Crespo Olga , Concepción Gimeno M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTrigonal planar coordination at gold allows phosphorescent 3MC transitions, not expected for luminescent mononuclear linear gold complexes. The careful selection and nature of the ancillary ligands bonded to gold, being fluorophore groups or not emissive ligands may cause a distortion of ideal trigonal planar coordination favoring different origins for the emissions. Consequently, intraligand (IL) or charge transfer (CT) transitions may be present and besides the expected phosphorescent MC transitions, fluorescence or thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) may be the origin of the luminescence. In addition of the advantages of triplet population and deactivation via phosphorescent or delayed fluorescence processes, these systems are very versatile and may show interesting properties such as mechanochromism and vapochromism and, consequently, have revealed as promising candidates for optical applications. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the reported luminescent three‐coordinated gold systems and to get insight into their emissive properties.
Dynamic term structure models for SOFR futures
Authors: Skov Jacob Bjerre , Skovmand David 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe London InterBank Offered Rate is scheduled for discontinuation, and the replacement advocated by US regulators is the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR). The only SOFR‐linked derivative with significant liquidity and trading history is the SOFR futures contract, traded at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. We use the historical record of futures prices to construct dynamic arbitrage‐free models for the SOFR term structure. We find that a Gaussian arbitrage‐free Nelson–Siegel model describes term structure well without accounting for jumps and seasonal effects observed in SOFR. However, a shadow‐rate extension is needed to describe volatility near the zero‐boundary impacting the futures convexity adjustment and option pricing.
Effect of leaching parameters on the composition of adsorbents derived from steel slag and their CO2 capture characteristics
Authors: Fang Dongdong , Zhang Lihui , Zou Linjiang , Duan Feng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe effects of leaching parameters on the composition of the adsorbent derived from steel slag is studied in this study, and the CO2 capture characteristics and cyclic stability of the derived adsorbent under the effect of the element composition are also investigated. The results show that well‐ developed pore structure of derived adsorbents are obtained compared with the raw steel slag. The calcium content in the adsorbent significantly increases after leaching, improving the CO2 capture ability of the derived adsorbents. The Fe, Si, and Al contents decrease, while the Mg and Mn contents change little after leaching, which increases the cyclic stability of the derived adsorbent compared to that of analytically pure CaO. Under the optimized working conditions, the initial CO2 capture ability of the derived adsorbent is 0.61 gCO2/g‐sorbent. The deactivation ratio of the sample after 20 cycles is 52.46%, showing good performance compared to that of analytically pure CaO. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Why do narrow network plans cost less?
Authors: Liebman Eli , Panhans Matthew T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNarrow network health insurance plans have been shown to have lower premiums and lower costs to insurers. This paper decomposes and quantifies the magnitudes for various mechanisms by which networks may reduce premiums and costs. Using data on the Colorado non‐group market, we examine three mechanisms through which a narrow network might achieve lower costs: (1) enroll a population with lower utilization, (2) negotiate lower prices, or (3) steer patients away from high‐cost hospitals. We find that all three mechanisms play a role. Narrow plans are partly able to achieve lower costs because they both steer patients to lower cost hospitals and, for a given hospital, negotiate lower prices than broad plans. The lower negotiated prices mechanism accounts for 15% of the cost savings to narrow network plans, and the steering away from higher cost hospitals accounts for about 18%. Both of these mechanisms can be ways to efficiently lower costs. The remaining 67% of the cost savings is due to lower utilization of narrow network plan enrollees. These findings are important for policymakers considering how to balance containing healthcare costs with concern for the appropriate regulation of narrow network plans.
Second‐order slip and Newtonian cooling impact on unsteady mixed convective radiative chemically reacting fluid with Hall current and cross‐diffusion over a stretching sheet
Authors: Rao P. Srinivasa , Shamshuddin MD. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aim of the current study is to develop a mathematical model for unsteady mixed convective radiative chemically reactive fluid flow with Hall current, cross‐diffusion, Newtonian cooling impacts and boundary conditions are influenced by second‐order slip velocity. Effectively a viscous formulation combining different novel effects model is deployed. The basic Navier–Stokes derived flow equations are transformed into dimensionless form via particular similarity transformations for which numerical simulations utilize the finite element method. The numerical results for velocity components, temperature, and concentration on various flow parameters are sketched. For validation of the present results a comparison with previously published studies are conducted for some limiting conditions and reveals an excellent accuracy. Engineering items of interest like shear stresses, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are computed and discussed extensively with the foremost parameters. Our analysis explores the fact that the physical parameters have a substantial influence upon boundary layer profiles.
Functional morphology of the suckers and teeth of the medicinal leech Hirudo verbana Carena, 1820 (Annelida; Clitellata; Hirudinida): A scanning electron microscope study
Authors: Ayhan Hüseyin , Özyurt Koçakoğlu Nurcan , Candan Selami 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, the triple jaws and suckers of the leeches belonging to the Hirudo verbana Carena, 1820 (Annelida; Clitellata; Hirudinida) were examined using the stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In H. verbana, suckers are seen on the first annulus and last annulus of the body. The mouth opens in the center of the front suction cup, and behind this opening is a movable triple jaw apparatus with many teeth. The posterior sucker disc consists of the last seven body segments and lacks an opening. The shape of the jaw is trignatous. The pharynx is equally located around of the three muscular jaws. The jaws are muscular covered with cuticle and carry a row of teeth arranged at the tip. In this study, it was determined that secretory canal holes were identified between the teeth. The results show that the size of teeth determines long‐term bleeding so revealing the structure and working mechanism of the teeth has importance for medicinal leeches. At the same time, the difference of teeth and jaw structures of leeches may be a criterion in the classification of medicinal leeches.
Clinical features and mechanism of liver injury in patients with mild or moderate coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Gomi Kuniyo , Ito Takayoshi , Yamaguchi Fumihiro , Kamio Yoshito , Sato Yoshinori , Mori Hiroyoshi , Endo Kei , Abe Takashi , Sakakura Shunsuke , Kobayashi Kouji , Shimada Ken , Noda Jun , Hibiki Tarou , Ohta Shin , Sagara Hironori , Tanaka Akihiko , Jinno Megumi , Yamawaki Masataka , Nishimoto Fumiya , Inoue Kazuaki , Nagahama Masatsugu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and AimWe aimed to identify clinical features that suggest that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) should be a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with a chief complaint of fever and abnormal liver function.MethodsWe retrospectively studied the presence or absence of abnormal liver function in 216 patients diagnosed with mild–moderate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection between February and September 2020.ResultsAbnormal liver function was observed in 51 patients with mild–moderate COVID‐19. The median peak aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were 57.5, 75.5, and 332.5 U/L, respectively. The median number of days from symptom onset to peak AST, ALT, and LDH were 8.5, 9, and 8.5, respectively. The median peak LDH/AST ratio was 9.0. Low lymphocyte‐to‐white blood cell ratio and elevated LDH were found to be independent contributing factors for intensive care unit (ICU) admission on a multivariate analysis.ConclusionsAST‐predominant AST/ALT/LDH elevation peaking 8–9 days after symptom onset and not accompanied by elevated alkaline phosphatase or gamma‐glutamyl transferase may be a useful clinical feature for differentiating COVID‐19 from other diseases. Since the median LDH/AST ratio was 9.0, it seems that the abnormal liver function caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 is an indirect damage to liver cells due to elevated cytokine levels caused by liver‐infiltrating lymphocytes. SARS‐CoV‐2 infection should be considered in patients presenting with a chief complaint of fever and liver injury; those with a high lymphocyte‐to‐white blood cell ratio or and a high LDH/AST ratio may be admitted to the ICU.
Improving the color and functional properties of seabuckthorn seed protein with phytase treatment combined with alkaline solubilization and isoelectric precipitation
Authors: Xiang Huan , Li Qingyang , Sun‐Waterhouse Dongxiao , Li Jiawei , Cui Chun , Waterhouse Geoffrey IN 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDReducing anti‐nutritional factors like phytates in seed protein products requires an ongoing effort. This study was the first to investigate the phytic acid content in seabuckthorn seed protein (SSP) and its reduction by an exogenous phytase during protein isolation from seabuckthorn seed meal through the common alkaline solubilization‐isoelectric precipitation process.RESULTSThe additional phytase treatment could reduce the content of phytic acid from 22.46 to 13.27 g kg−1, leading to SSP products with lighter color (lower ΔE*), higher protein solubility, higher in vitro digestibility, but lower phenolic antioxidant content (including flavonoids and procyanidins) and some beneficial ions like Ca, Fe, Mg, and Zn. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results indicated that the secondary structure of protein changed under the treatment with phytase. Correlation analysis showed that L* was significantly negatively correlated with TP, TPC and TF (P < 0.001), while a* and b* were significantly positively correlated with them (P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSThere may be a trade‐off between protein functionalities and other health‐promoting components when a phytase treatment is included in SSP isolation. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Prediction of overall survival in patients with Stage I esophageal cancer: A novel web‐based calculator
Authors: Yang Zhuoxin , Yang Fengwu , Yang Miaofang , Qi Ying , Jiang Mingzuo , Xuan Ji , Liu Yu , Tao Hui , Liu Yuxiu , Wang Fangyu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsIn this study, we aimed to develop a convenient web‐based calculator to predict the overall survival (OS) of patients with Stage I esophageal cancer (EC).MethodsData of 1664 patients, between 2004 and 2015, were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was employed to sift variables; subsequently, Cox proportional hazards regression model was built. We applied the enhanced bootstrap validation to appraise the discrimination and calibration of the model. Clinical benefit was measured using decision curve analysis (DCA). Thereafter, a web‐based calculator based on the model, which could be used to predict the 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year OS rates, was developed.ResultsRace, age, histologic type, grade, N stage, and therapeutic methods were selected. C‐indices of the prediction model in the training and validation groups were 0.726 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.679–0.773) and 0.724 (95% CI, 0.679–0.769), respectively. Calibration curves showed good agreement between the groups. The DCA demonstrated that the prediction model is clinically useful.ConclusionsThe prediction model we developed showed a good performance in calculating the OS rates in patients with Stage I EC. The web‐based calculator is available at https://championship.shinyapps.io/dynnomapp/.
Single dual mode (continuous and cast) instrumentation package for inherent optical property measurements: Characterization of the bucket for backscattering observation
Authors: Volpe Gianluca , Dionisi Davide , Brando Vittorio Ernesto , Colella Simone , Pitarch Jaime , Ciampichetti Spartaco , Ferrara Nicola , Liberti Gian Luigi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis work describes a continuous sampling system that has been designed, implemented, and tested for the acquisition of Inherent Optical Properties (IOPs) during field campaigns. The major challenge of the work was to design and build a flow‐through housing accounting for the complex sensing geometry of the ECO‐VSF3, a backscattering meter, i.e., three sensor heads each of which measures the VSF at three angles. A detailed characterization of the ECO‐VSF3 housing in terms of impact of the boundaries and overall system inertia is reported. A key feature of the system design is the possibility to easily detach the IOP package from the flow‐through hydraulic circuit and use it in cast mode at fixed stations. This, to the best of authors' knowledge, is the first time the ECO‐VSF3 is used in an underway system. Results from the comparison of continuous (Co) and cast (Ca) bb measurements show excellent agreement, with differences not exceeding 7%, thus proving the system to be reliable and highlighting the feasibility for increasing the spatio‐temporal sampling of surface observations.
REDEFINING URGENCY: SOCIAL IMPACT LEADERSHIP AND DYNAMIC RESILIENCE
Authors: Anderson Heather 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAnderson details her transition from a career as a management consultant to the chief executive officer (CEO) position of Global Health Corps (GHC), which is “a leadership development and global health nonprofit committed to building the next generation of health equity leaders.” She describes the high levels of resilience required within herself and throughout the organization during the COVID‐19 pandemic. She describes status versus dynamic resilience, and what the latter means for equity‐driven leaders. She outlines and describes “key tactics have helped me build my own, my teams’, and our community’s dynamic resilience during this time.” In her words, they are (1) tap into the power of imagination, (2) prioritize connection and reflection, (3) show vulnerability, (4) model and codify self‐care, (5) redefine urgency, and (6) let your values guide you. For instance, within point 3, Anderson writes, “The transition from a behind‐the‐scenes architect of GHC’s programming to an external face of our organization as CEO over the past couple years has forced me to get more comfortable with demonstrating vulnerability than ever before.” And within point 4: “I’ve found that the single most powerful tool I have for fostering self‐care and boundary setting on my team is to practice it myself, without apology.”
LEADERS COACHING LEADERS: A COST‐EFFECTIVE SOLUTION FOR SKILL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Bell Meredith 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe author, a co‐founder and president of a software company, notes that people leave organizations because they don’t feel supported and want different work environments. “The underlying issue,” she writes, “behind so many of these departures—as well as a lack of employee engagement for those who stay—is poor communication.” She outlines three success keys for people within organizations, which in her words are: Success Key #1: Work on one skill at a time. Success Key #2: Practice the skill often to create mastery. Success Key #3: Get coaching to support and accelerate your learning. Within point 3, she notes “companies often hire executive coaches for top‐level leaders. But these services are expensive, so it’s not practical to invest in them for all levels of leadership. The answer is peer coaching—leaders coaching leaders.” She believes this is a cost‐effective solution and outlines six areas in which leaders can support each other. In her words, they are schedule accountability meetings, listen, get them to think, help them learn from their experience, give feedback that feels good, and offer encouragement. She concludes that “a leader‐to‐leader peer coaching program is a realistic way to make sure new skills become permanent habits.”
HOW TO BE AN ANTIRACIST LEADER
Authors: Silverthorn Michelle 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe author writes that in the past year, some companies “found themselves unequipped to carry on even the most basic conversations on race in the workplace … leaders had to determine how, or even whether, to implement diversity initiatives that had long languished, or been abandoned, or been repeatedly proven ineffective.” Also: “Black employees in companies were asked to take on entirely new roles, ones they were not compensated for and for which there would be no promotion awaiting them at the end. They quickly became the company’s Free Antiracism Expert.” She outlines 10 questions, in her words: (1) How do you define an antiracist organization? (2) Who are your antiracist initiatives supporting? (3) Are you centering this work on those who are marginalized, not on those who have succeeded? (4) Are you leading the work yourself or relying on your Black employees to do the work for you? (5) Do you know who the supporters and the detractors are on your team? (6) Have you stopped doing what’s not working? (7) Does your data demonstrate inequity? (8) Have you set your goals? (9) Have you set out competencies for success? (10) Do you have the courage to do the work?