bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender differences in perceived stress and coping among college students
Authors: Graves B. Sue , Hall Michael E. , Dias-Karch Carolyn , Haischer Michael H. , Apter Christine 
Published: August 2021

Background
Many college students register each semester for courses, leading to productive careers and fulfilled lives. During this time, the students have to manage many stressors stemming from academic, personal, and, sometimes, work lives. Students, who lack appropriate stress management skills, may find it difficult to balance these responsibilities.

Objectives
This study examined stress, coping mechanisms, and gender differences in undergraduate students towards the end of the semester.

Design and method
University students (n = 448) enrolled in three different undergraduate exercise science courses were assessed. Two instruments, the Perceived Stress Scale and Brief Cope, were administered during the twelfth week of the semester, four weeks prior to final exams. T-tests were used to detect gender differences for the stress levels and coping strategies.

Results
Overall, females indicated higher levels of stress than their male counterparts. Gender differences were evident in both coping dimensions and individual coping strategies used. Females were found to utilize the emotion-focused coping dimension and endorsed the use of four coping strategies more often than males. These included self-distraction, emotional support, instrumental support, and venting.

Conclusions
This research adds to the existing literature by illuminating the level of perceived stress and different coping strategies used by undergraduate female and male students. In turn, students may need educational interventions to develop effective and healthy coping strategies to last a lifetime. Faculty and other university officials may want to highlight and understand these various factors to protect the students’ wellbeing in their classes.
Reliability of ultrasound hepatorenal index and magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction techniques in the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis, with magnetic resonance spectroscopy as the reference standard
Authors: Tran Bien Van , Ujita Kouichi , Taketomi-Takahashi Ayako , Hirasawa Hiromi , Suto Takayuki , Tsushima Yoshito 
Published: August 2021

PurposeTo evaluate the reliability of ultrasound hepatorenal index (US-HRI) and magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) techniques in the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis, with magnetic resonance spectroscopy proton density fat fraction (MRS-PDFF) as the reference standard.Materials and methodsFifty-two adult volunteers (30 men, 22 women; age, 31.5 ± 6.5 years) who had no history of kidney disease or viral/alcoholic hepatitis were recruited to undergo abdominal US, MRI, and MRS examinations. US-HRI was calculated from the average of three pairs of regions of interest (ROIs) measurements placed in the liver parenchyma and right renal cortex. On MRI, the six-point Dixon technique was employed for calculating proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF). An MRS sequence with a typical voxel size of 27 ml was chosen to estimate MRS-PDFF as the gold standard. The data were evaluated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.ResultsThe Pearson correlation coefficients of US-HRI and MRI-PDFF with MRS-PDFF were 0.38 (p= 0.005) and 0.95 (p<0.001), respectively. If MRS-PDFF ≥5.56% was defined as the gold standard of fatty liver disease, the areas under the curve (AUCs), cut-off values, sensitivities and specificities of US-HRI and MRI-PDFF were 0.74, 1.54, 50%, 91.7% and 0.99, 2.75%, 100%, 88.9%, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of US-HRI and MRI-PDFF were 0.70 and 0.85.ConclusionMRI-PDFF was more reliable than US-HRI in diagnosing hepatic steatosis.
Safety and feasibility of an in situ vaccination and immunomodulatory targeted radionuclide combination immuno-radiotherapy approach in a comparative (companion dog) setting
Authors: Magee Kara , Marsh Ian R. , Turek Michelle M. , Grudzinski Joseph , Aluicio-Sarduy Eduardo , Engle Jonathan W. , Kurzman Ilene D. , Zuleger Cindy L. , Oseid Elizabeth A. , Jaskowiak Christine , Albertini Mark R. , Esbona Karla , Bednarz Bryan , Sondel Paul M. , Weichert Jamey P. , Morris Zachary S. , Hernandez Reinier , Vail David M. 
Published: August 2021

Rationale
Murine syngeneic tumor models have revealed efficacious systemic antitumor responses following primary tumor in situ vaccination combined with targeted radionuclide therapy to secondary or metastatic tumors. Here we present studies on the safety and feasibility of this approach in a relevant translational companion dog model (n = 17 dogs) with advanced cancer.

Methods
The three component of the combination immuno-radiotherapy approach were employed either separately or in combination in companion dogs with advanced stage cancer. In situ vaccination was achieved through the administration of hypofractionated external beam radiotherapy and intratumoral hu14.18-IL2 fusion immunocytokine injections to the index tumor. In situ vaccination was subsequently combined with targeted radionuclide therapy using a theranostic pairing of IV 86Y-NM600 (for PET imaging and subject-specific dosimetry) and IV 90Y-NM600 (therapeutic radionuclide) prescribed to deliver an immunomodulatory 2 Gy dose to all metastatic sites in companion dogs with metastatic melanoma or osteosarcoma. In a subset of dogs, immunologic parameters preliminarily assessed.

Results
The components of the immuno-radiotherapy combination were well tolerated either alone or in combination, resulting in only transient low grade (1 or 2) adverse events with no dose-limiting events observed. In subject-specific dosimetry analyses, we observed 86Y-NM600 tumor:bone marrow absorbed-dose differential uptakes ≥2 in 4 of 5 dogs receiving the combination, which allowed subsequent safe delivery of at least 2 Gy 90Y-NM600 TRT to tumors. NanoString gene expression profiling and immunohistochemistry from pre- and post-treatment biopsy specimens provide evidence of tumor microenvironment immunomodulation by 90Y-NM600 TRT.

Conclusions
The combination of external beam radiotherapy, intratumoral immunocytokine, and targeted radionuclide immuno-radiotherapy known to have activity against syngeneic melanoma in murine models is feasible and well tolerated in companion dogs with advanced stage, spontaneously arising melanoma or osteosarcoma and has immunomodulatory potential. Further studies evaluating the dose-dependent immunomodulatory effects of this immuno-radiotherapy combination are currently ongoing.
Obesity is independently associated with septic shock, renal complications, and mortality in a multiracial patient cohort hospitalized with COVID-19
Authors: Page-Wilson Gabrielle , Arakawa Rachel , Nemeth Samantha , Bell Fletcher , Girvin Zachary , Tuohy Mary-Claire , Lauring Max , Laferrère Blandine , Reyes-Soffer Gissette , Natarajan Karthik , Chen RuiJun , Kurlansky Paul , Korner Judith 
Published: August 2021

Background
Obesity has emerged as a risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. To inform treatment considerations the relationship between obesity and COVID-19 complications and the influence of race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic factors deserves continued attention.

Objective
To determine if obesity is an independent risk factor for severe COVID-19 complications and mortality and examine the relationship between BMI, race, ethnicity, distressed community index and COVID-19 complications and mortality.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study of 1,019 SARS-CoV-2 positive adult admitted to an academic medical center (n = 928) and its affiliated community hospital (n-91) in New York City from March 1 to April 18, 2020.

Results
Median age was 64 years (IQR 52–75), 58.7% were men, 23.0% were Black, and 52.8% were Hispanic. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 75.2%; median BMI was 28.5 kg/m2 (25.1–33.0). Over the study period 23.7% patients died, 27.3% required invasive mechanical ventilation, 22.7% developed septic shock, and 9.1% required renal replacement therapy (RRT). In the multivariable logistic regression model, BMI was associated with complications including intubation (Odds Ratio [OR]1.03, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]1.01–1.05), septic shock (OR 1.04, CI 1.01–1.06), and RRT (OR1.07, CI 1.04–1.10), and mortality (OR 1.04, CI 1.01–1.06). The odds of death were highest among those with BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 (OR 2.05, CI 1.04–4.04). Mortality did not differ by race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic distress score, though Black and Asian patients were more likely to require RRT.

Conclusions and relevance
Severe complications of COVID-19 and death are more likely in patients with obesity, independent of age and comorbidities. While race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status did not impact COVID-19 related mortality, Black and Asian patients were more likely to require RRT. The presence of obesity, and in some instances race, should inform resource allocation and risk stratification in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.
Local adaptation and coping strategies to global environmental changes: Portraying agroecology beyond production functions in southwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Ofgeha Gemechu Y. , Abshare Muluneh W. 
Published: August 2021

Background
The recent research recommendations on the adaptations of poor are toward local specific investigations, aimed at a comprehensive understanding of the adaptation strategies through in-depth analysis of the status, and the explicit on how climate and non-climate global change processes constrain the inherent strategies. Intent to this idea, we have designed this study to assess the small-scale farmers’ adaptation and coping strategies in southwestern Ethiopia.

Methods
The agroecology approach steered in case-study design was used for the conceptual and analytical framework. The data collected from 335 households were analyzed for descriptive and multivariate analysis of variance and substantiated by qualitative data obtained through focused group discussion, interview, and observations.

Results
The significant differences were observed in the watershed among households in the case studies on their adoption of the identified adaptation and coping strategies. The sustainability of preferred strategies was different along case studies, solely determined by the impact magnitude of the adaptations constraining factors. Although free ecosystem-based strategies become less practical and replacing by new strategies in the watershed, the processes were gradual, internal to the community and managed through adaptive learning in the highland. However, the paths were perceived as toward maladaptive, resulted by the state interventions which disrupted free adaptations, deteriorated adaptive learning of the community, and shaped the adaptation responses toward the interventions in the kolla agroecology.

Conclusions
The study implies that the situations of households’ adaptation strategies are beyond the reflections of their respective production ecology, designated within climate variability in the previous studies. The structural land use dynamics and associated resource tenure insecurity have greater constraining effects on the strategies than the impacts of climate variability in the kolla. Thus, subsequent research interested in such contexts, and any plan for the development interventions should (re)consider the impacts of non-climate national/and global environmental change in shaping the adaptation and coping strategies of the local community.
Childhood physical abuse and subsequent violent victimization among people who use illegal drugs in Vancouver, Canada
Authors: Sagram Julie , Lee William , Choi JinCheol , Milloy M.-J. , Hayashi Kanna , DeBeck Kora , Wood Evan , Kerr Thomas 
Published: August 2021

Background
Violent victimization is common among people who use illegal drugs (PWUD) and is a source of significant health-related harm. However, little attention has been paid to how antecedent childhood trauma among PWUD may contribute to the risk of victimization in adulthood.

Objective
This study sought to examine the relationship between childhood physical abuse and victimization by physical assault among adult PWUD.

Participants and setting
Data were derived from three prospective cohorts of PWUD in Vancouver, Canada between 2005 and 2018.

Methods
Childhood physical abuse was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Generalized linear mixed modeling was used to estimate the relationship between childhood physical abuse and subsequent violent victimization, after adjustment for potential confounders.

Results
Among 2960 PWUD, including 1018 (34.39%) female participants, 1030 (34.8%) participants reported a history of moderate to severe childhood physical abuse, and 949 (32.06%) participants reported recent violent victimization at baseline. In a multivariate analysis, childhood physical abuse (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23–1.46) remained independently associated with violent victimization after adjustment for potential confounders.

Conclusions
This study found a high prevalence of childhood physical abuse and that this was associated with a higher risk of subsequent violent victimization among PWUD in this setting. Greater support for PWUD with a history of childhood physical abuse is needed to decrease existing vulnerability to violence, including screening for and treatment of childhood trauma and related violence prevention.
Trends in cesarean section rates in private and public facilities in rural eastern Maharashtra, India from 2010-2017
Authors: Simmons Elizabeth , Lane Kevin , Rao Sowmya R. , Kurhe Kunal , Patel Archana , Hibberd Patricia L. 
Published: August 2021

Introduction
Rates of cesarean sections (CS) have increased dramatically over the past two decades in India. This increase has been disproportionately high in private facilities, but little is known about the drivers of the CS rate increase and how they vary over time and geographically.

Methods
Women enrolled in the Nagpur, India site of the Global Network for Women’s and Children’s Health Research Maternal and Neonatal Health Registry, who delivered in a health facility with CS capability were included in this study. The trend in CS rates from 2010 to 2017 in public and private facilities were assessed and displayed by subdistrict. Multivariable generalized estimating equations models were used to assess the association of delivering in private versus public facilities with having a CS, adjusting for known risk factors.

Results
CS rates increased substantially between 2010 and 2017 at both public and private facilities. The odds of having a CS at a private facility were 40% higher than at a public facility after adjusting for other known risk factors. CS rates had unequal spatial distributions at the subdistrict level.

Discussion
Our study findings contribute to the knowledge of increasing CS rates in both public and private facilities in India. Maps of the spatial distribution of subdistrict-based CS rates are helpful in understanding patterns of CS deliveries, but more investigation as to why clusters of high CS rates have formed in warranted.
Shifting research priorities in maternal and child health in the COVID-19 pandemic era in India: A renewed focus on systems strengthening
Authors: Mehta Kayur , Zodpey Sanjay , Banerjee Preetika , Pocius Stephanie L. , Dhaliwal Baldeep K. , DeLuca Andrea , Bhattacharya Sangeeta Das , Hegde Shailendra , Sengupta Paramita , Gupta Madhu , Shet Anita 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundThe remarkable progress seen in maternal and child health (MCH) in India over the past two decades has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to undertake a rapid assessment to identify key priorities for public health research in MCH in India within the context and aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA web-based survey was developed to identify top research priorities in MCH. It consisted of 26 questions on six broad domains: vaccine preventable diseases, outbreak preparedness, primary healthcare integration, maternal health, neonatal health, and infectious diseases. Key stakeholders were invited to participate between September and November 2020. Participants assigned importance on a 5-point Likert scale, and assigned overall ranks to each sub-domain research priority. Descriptive statistics were used to examine Likert scale responses, and a ranking analysis was done to obtain an “average ranking score” and identify the top research priority under each domain.ResultsAmongst the 84 respondents from across 15 Indian states, 37% were public-health researchers, 25% healthcare providers, 20% academic faculty and 13% were policy makers. Most respondents considered conducting systems strengthening research as extremely important. The highest ranked research priorities were strengthening the public sector workforce (vaccine preventable diseases), enhancing public-health surveillance networks (outbreak preparedness), nutrition support through community workers (primary care integration), encouraging at least 4–8 antenatal visits (maternal health), neonatal resuscitation to reduce birth asphyxia (neonatal health) and screening and treatment of tuberculosis (infectious diseases). Common themes identified through open-ended questions primarily included systems strengthening priorities across domains.ConclusionsThe overall focus for research priorities in MCH in India during the COVID-19 pandemic is on strengthening existing services and service delivery, rather than novel research. Our results highlight pivotal steps within the roadmap for advancing and sustaining maternal and child health gains during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
Psychometric evaluation of patient assessment of chronic illness care among Korean cancer survivors
Authors: Kim Soo Hyun , Lee Bo Gyeong , Choe Yu Hyeon 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundThe Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC) was developed in the United States to assess the implementation of the Chronic Care Model (CCM)-based intervention from the patient’s perspective. Although the psychometric properties of the PACIC have been reported in other chronically ill patients, it has not been reported in cancer survivors. Our aim was to evaluate the acceptability, validity, and reliability of a Korean version of the PACIC among cancer survivors (K-PACIC-CS).MethodsAmong 204 cancer survivors at a university-based hospital in South Korea, we performed psychometric evaluation of the K-PACIC-CS according to acceptability (descriptive statistics, missing values, and floor and ceiling effects), validity (confirmative factor analysis [CFA] and convergent validity), and reliability (internal consistency, i.e., Cronbach’s alpha).ResultsThe item response was high (missing rate = 0.5%). The floor effect was 3.9%– 43.6% and the ceiling effect was 6.9%– 41.2%. The CFA revealed good indices of fit and confirmed the five structures predetermined in the original version of PACIC. The K-PACIC-CS scores had significant positive relationships with cancer survivors’ self-efficacy and health-related quality of life. The total K-PACIC-CS showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = .94) and those of the subscales were acceptable (Cronbach’s alpha = .76 -.86).ConclusionsThis study suggests that the K-PACIC-CS is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring implementation of CCM-based chronic care from the survivor’s perspective.
The Health Care System of the Semipalatinsk Region of the Steppe Territory: Stages of Formation (60s of the 19th Century — the Beginning of the 20th Century)
Authors: Vlasova A.I. 
Published: August 2021

On the basis of different sources, mainly annual regional statistical surveys, the stages of the formation of the health care system of the Semipalatinsk region of the Steppe Governor General are revealed. At the first stage, the end of the 60s — 80s of the 19th century, the accession of the Steppe Territory to the Russian Empire was completed. The integrating policy of this ethnoregion into the political-legal and socio-economic space of the empire was initiated. In the social sphere, it led to the creation of a health system. The procesas had a number of specific features due to the absence of zemstvos and zemstvo medicine and the predominance of Kazakh nomads in the ethnosocial structure of the region. Therefore, in contrast to the central regions of Russia, the development of the health care system in the Steppe Territory was dealt with by the provincial and regional administrations. The second stage (the end of the 80s 19th century — 1917) is associated with the beginning of the mass migration of peasant migrants from the European part of Russia to the Steppe Territory. This stage is characterized by the expansion of the network of regional and county medical institutions, the improvement of their material and technical base, the expansion of the specialization of practicing doctors, and the solution of the personnel problem.
Also, at that stage, the system of management of medical institutions was improved and government organizations, for example, the Resettlement Department, were involved in solving problems related to health care services for the p opulation. In general, statistics show that by 1917 the quality of health care services and the percentage of population involvement remained at a low level.
My Sanctified Imagination: Carter G. Woodson and a Speculative (Rhetorical) History of African American Public Address, 1925–1960
Authors: Johnson Andre E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn 1925, Herbert Wichelns published The Literary Criticism of Oratory. By many accounts, the essay would become the founding document of the academic study of rhetoric and public address. However, in that same year, historian Carter G. Woodson published Negro Orators and Their Orations, which focused on the study of the African American oratorical tradition. In this essay, by way of speculative history and using my sanctified imagination, I wonder what an alternative or speculative history would look like if we can conceive Woodson as challenging the dominant (exclusively white) notions of public address and rhetorical praxis. By paying particular attention to Woodson’s introduction in Negro Orators and Their Orations, I submit that not only would we have been introduced to the richness and power of the African American public address tradition earlier but, more importantly, who we start to see as scholars and what we call scholarship would be different as well.I examine this by first, offering an examination of Woodson’s text, paying close attention to the introduction, where Woodson develops his theory of oratory. Second, I examine the African American rhetoric and public address scholarship between 1925 and 1960. Finally, I offer a speculative history of what could have been and what we can still do if we would include some of these voices and their scholarship in the public address canon.
A Conversation on Activism, Solidarity, and Burnout in the Academy
Authors: Calafell Bernadette Marie , Ore Ersula J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDrs. Ersula J. Ore and Bernadette Marie Calafell were invited to discuss their experiences with activism in the academy. They discuss what’s at stake and the costs (both emotional and financial) as well as issues of trauma and burnout.