bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated Kinesiophobia Is Associated With Reduced Recovery From Lower Extremity Musculoskeletal Injuries in Military and Civilian Cohorts
Authors: Chimenti Ruth L , Pacha Molly S , Glass Natalie A , Frazier Mathew , Bowles Amy O , Valantine Andrew D , Archer Kristin R , Wilken Jason M 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine associations between level of kinesiophobia and improvement in physical function during recovery from lower extremity injury.MethodsA total 430 adults (mean [SD]: age = 27.3 [6.4] years; sex = 70.5% men; body mass index = 27.6 [5.2] kg/m2) were included in the analyses. Using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System, physical function was evaluated in parallel with treatment from a physical therapist at the initial visit and every 3 weeks until final visit or up to 6 months. A Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-17) score of &gt;41 indicated elevated TSK. Four TSK groups were identified: (1) TSK score improved from &gt;41 at initial visit to &lt;41 by final visit (TSK_I), (2) TSK score was &lt;41 at initial and final visits (TSK−), (3) TSK score was &gt;41 at initial and final visits (TSK+), and (4) TSK score worsened from &lt;41 at initial visit to ≥41 by final visit (TSK_W). Linear mixed effects models were used to examine differences between groups in improved physical function over time, with adjustment for depression and self-efficacy.ResultsGroups with elevated kinesiophobia at the final visit had smaller positive improvements in physical function (mean change [95% CI]: TSK+ = 7.1 [4.8–9.4]; TSK_W: 6.0 [2.6–9.4]) compared with groups without elevated kinesiophobia at the final visit (TSK_I = 9.8 [6.4–13.3]; TSK− = 9.7 [8.1–11.3]) by 12 weeks.ConclusionsElevated kinesiophobia that persists or develops over the course of care is associated with less improvement in physical function within military and civilian cohorts.ImpactThe findings of this prospective longitudinal study support the need to assess for elevated kinesiophobia throughout the course of care because of its association with decreased improvement in physical function.Lay SummaryTo help improve your physical function, your physical therapist can monitor the interaction between fear of movement and your clinical outcomes over the course of treatment.
Trait Anhedonia in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Comparative Meta-analysis
Authors: Krzyzanowski Daniel J , Wu Sally , Carnovale Michael , Agarwal Sri Mahavir , Remington Gary , Goghari Vina 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Anhedonia, the reduced capacity to experience pleasure, has long been considered a prominent feature of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Many domain-specific conceptualizations of anhedonia and pleasure capacity have been developed, and there currently exist a variety of self-report assessment tools that purport to assess these various domains. The current systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO: CRD42020156169) aimed to quantify overall and domain-specific self-reported anhedonia in people with schizophrenia compared to nonpsychiatric controls. We performed a literature search of PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and Embase databases for dissertations and peer-reviewed articles published in English prior to June 2021. Studies employing a psychometrically validated self-report measure of anhedonia, pleasure experience or affect in people with schizophrenia, schizoaffective, or schizophreniform disorders; studies utilizing at least one clearly defined healthy or community control group for comparison; and studies providing sufficient data to calculate effect sizes were included in this review. Random and mixed effects meta-analyses, meta-regressions, and subgroup comparisons were run across domains of anhedonia to explore weighted mean effect sizes and their associated moderators. In total, 146 studies met inclusion criteria, yielding 390 Hedges’ g effect sizes from the included comparisons. People with schizophrenia reported moderate-to-large elevations in overall and domain-specific anhedonia. A sensitivity analysis accounting for high risk of bias studies did not significantly impact results. Lastly, patient sex, education, negative symptom severity, antipsychotic class, and trait negative affect differentially moderated effect sizes across domains of anhedonia. Despite the heterogeneity inherent in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, self-reported anhedonia is ubiquitously reported across self-report measures in this population.
Walking the talk? Innovation policy approaches to unleash the transformative potentials of the Nordic bioeconomy
Authors: Scordato Lisa , Bugge Markus M , Hansen Teis , Tanner Anne , Wicken Olav 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article explores whether and how innovation policies promote transitions to more sustainable configurations in socio-technical systems. Empirically it departs from an analysis of the bioeconomy policy strategies and instruments in four Nordic countries. The analysis highlights that while a transformative approach is present at the policy strategy level in the Nordic countries, the bioeconomy policy instruments implemented are significantly less transformative. The article argues that a bioeconomy transition that contributes to sustainable development will require a redirection of policies towards transformative failures (directionality, policy coordination, demand articulation, and reflexivity). In this regard, it is important that policymakers experiment with and explore ways of balancing between traditional market and innovation system approaches and new policy approaches for transformative change.
Electroencephalographic sleep macrostructure and sleep spindles in early infancy
Authors: Ventura Soraia , Mathieson Sean R , O’Toole John M , Livingstone Vicki , Ryan Mary-Anne , Boylan Geraldine B 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Study Objectives
Sleep features in infancy are potential biomarkers for brain maturation but poorly characterized. We describe normative values for sleep macrostructure and sleep spindles at 4–5 months of age.

Methods
Healthy term infants were recruited at birth and had daytime sleep electroencephalograms (EEGs) at 4–5 months. Sleep staging was performed and five features were analyzed. Sleep spindles were annotated and seven quantitative features were extracted. Features were analyzed across sex, recording time (am/pm), infant age, and from first to second sleep cycles.

Results
We analyzed sleep recordings from 91 infants, 41% females. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) macrostructure results: sleep duration 49.0 (37.8–72.0) min (n = 77); first sleep cycle duration 42.8 (37.0–51.4) min; rapid eye movement (REM) percentage 17.4 (9.5–27.7)% (n = 68); latency to REM 36.0 (30.5–41.1) min (n = 66). First cycle median (IQR) values for spindle features: number 241.0 (193.0–286.5), density 6.6 (5.7–8.0) spindles/min (n = 77); mean frequency 13.0 (12.8–13.3) Hz, mean duration 2.9 (2.6–3.6) s, spectral power 7.8 (4.7–11.4) µV2, brain symmetry index 0.20 (0.16–0.29), synchrony 59.5 (53.2–63.8)% (n = 91). In males, spindle spectral power (µV2) was 24.5% lower (p = .032) and brain symmetry index 24.2% higher than females (p = .011) when controlling for gestational and postnatal age and timing of the nap. We found no other significant associations between studied sleep features and sex, recording time (am/pm), or age. Spectral power decreased (p &lt; .001) on the second cycle.

Conclusion
This normative data may be useful for comparison with future studies of sleep dysfunction and atypical neurodevelopment in infancy.
Clinical Trial Registration: BABY SMART (Study of Massage Therapy, Sleep And neurodevelopMenT) (BabySMART)
URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/results/NCT03381027?view=results.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03381027
Zoletil promotes apoptosis in BV-2 microglial cells via induction of oxidative stress and neural inflammation
Authors: Kim Gyun Moo , Lee Chan , Jang Tae Chang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractZoletil® (ZOL) is a combination drug of tiletamine, a dissociative anesthetic and zolazepam, a minor tranquilize, which has been used to induce short-term anesthesia in various animals. Depending on the administered dose, the effects of ZOL can range from sedation to anesthesia. Here, we aimed to determine the neurotoxicity of ZOL and elucidate its mechanism of action using BV-2 microglial cells. The results of MTT reduction assay and TUNEL staining revealed that ZOL induced neuronal toxicity and apoptosis in BV-2 cells. ZOL caused apoptosis via phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, increased ratio of Bax to Bcl-2, disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of caspase-3, and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species were involved in ZOL-induced neuronal cell death as assessed by 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate staining. Moreover, BV-2 cells treated with ZOL exhibited increased expression of inflammatory enzymes, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, along with subsequent production of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2. ZOL upregulated the expression of interleukin-1β, a proinflammatory cytokine. With respect to its molecular mechanism, ZOL increased the nuclear translocation and DNA binding of redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-κB, which seemed to be mediated by activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. These findings suggest that ZOL leads to apoptosis in BV-2 cells by inducing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.
Cost-Effectiveness of Screening Preschool Children for Hearing Loss in Australia
Authors: Gumbie Mutsa , Parkinson Bonny , Dillon Harvey , Bowman Ross , Song Rachel , Cutler Henry 
Published: November 2021

Objectives:
While all newborns in Australia are tested for congenital hearing loss through universal newborn hearing screening programs, some children will acquire hearing loss in their first five years of life. Delayed diagnosed or undiagnosed hearing loss in children can have substantial immediate- and long-term consequences. It can significantly reduce school readiness, language and communication development, social and emotional development, and mental health. It can also compromise lifetime educational achievements and employment opportunities and future economic contribution to society through lost productivity. The need for a universal hearing screening program for children entering their first year of primary school has been noted in two separate Australian Government hearing inquiries in the last decade. Sound Scouts is a hearing screening application (app) that tests for hearing loss in children using a tablet or mobile device, supervised by parents at home. It tests for sensorineural or permanent conductive hearing loss and central auditory processing disorder in children. In 2018 the Australian Government funded the roll-out of Sound Scouts to allow up to 600,000 children to test their hearing using Sound Scouts. This study estimated the cost-effectiveness of screening 5-year-old children for hearing loss using Sound Scouts at home, compared with no screening.

Design:
A decision-analytic model was developed to estimate the incremental costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) of administering Sound Scouts over a 20-year time horizon. Testing accuracy was based on comparing Sound Scouts test results to clinical test results while other parameters were based on published data. Costs were estimated from the perspective of the Australian health care system. Univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were undertaken.

Results:
Sound Scouts is estimated to result in an average incremental cost of A$61.02 and an average incremental increase in QALYs of 0.01. This resulted in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of A$5392 per QALY gained, which is likely to be considered cost-effective by Australian decision makers. Screening with Sound Scouts was found to have a 96.2 per cent probability of being cost-effective using a threshold of A$60,000 per QALY gained.

Conclusions:
Using Sound Scouts to screen five-year-old children for hearing loss (at home) is likely to be cost-effective. Screening children using Sound Scouts will result in early identification and intervention in childhood hearing loss, thereby reducing early childhood disadvantage through cumulative gains in quality of life, education, and economic outcomes over their lifetime.
Motivational Strategies and Concepts to Increase Participation and Adherence in Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Bohplian Suweena , Bronas Ulf G. 
Published: November 2021

Introduction:
Low participation and adherence to cardiac rehabilitation (CR) leads to ineffective care and increased risk of cardiac complications. There is a need to identify effective motivational strategies and concepts to increase participation and adherence to CR.

Purpose:
The aim of this review was to synthesize and integrate the current knowledge about motivational strategies and concepts to increase participation and adherence to CR.

Methods:
A literature search was performed using five electronic databases: CINAHL, Medline via PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Source. The search was limited to peer-reviewed studies, written in English, and publications from 2010 to 2019. A matrix and narrative synthesis were employed to organize and synthesize the findings, respectively.

Results:
Eight of 522 articles met the inclusion criteria. Four articles used motivational interviewing (MotI) and counseling strategy, three articles investigated the autonomy, competence, and relatedness of self-determination theory (SDT) concepts, and one article used a reinforced motivational strategy. Use of MotI led to improving the CR completion rate from 14% to 39%. The number of sessions attended/patient improved from 12 to 20 when the staff was provided attendance feedback and a reward. Autonomy, competence, and relatedness motivated patients to participate in and adhere to CR.

Conclusions:
Motivational interviewing and counseling, motivational and reinforcement strategies, and the autonomy, competence, and relatedness of SDT concepts should be utilized to promote participation and motivation for CR. The effects of these techniques on long-term CR require further research, including combining the identified methods to investigate the efficacy of these techniques on CR adherence.
First Human Cosavirus Detection From Cerebrospinal Fluid in Hospitalized Children With Aseptic Meningitis and Encephalitis in Iran
Authors: Moghaddam Farnoosh Sarkhani , Ghaderi Mostafa , Parsania Masoud , Mozhgani Sayed-Hamidreza , Arjmand Reza 
Published: November 2021

Objective:
Human cosavirus (HCosV) is a newly recognized virus that seems to be partly related to nonpolio flaccid paralysis and acute gastroenteritis in pediatric patients. However, the relationship between HCosV and diseases in humans is unclear. To assess an investigation for the occurrence of HCosV among pediatric patients involved in meningitis and encephalitis, we implemented a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for detection and quantification of HCosV in stool specimens.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, a total of 160 cerebrospinal fluid samples from September 2019 to October 2020 were collected from presenting pediatric patients with meningitis and encephalitis in a Karaj hospital, Iran. After viral RNA extraction, the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to amplify the 5′Un-Translated Region region of the HCosV genome and viral load was analyzed.

Results:
Of the 160 samples tested, the HCosV genomic RNA was detected in 2/160 (1.25%) of samples. The minimum viral load of HCosV was 3.5 × 103 copies/mL from 4 years male patient. The maximum viral load was determined to be 2.4 × 105 copies/mL in one sample obtained from 3.5 years female patient.

Conclusions:
This is the first documentation of HCosV detection in cerebrospinal fluid samples that better demonstrates relation of HCosV with neurologic diseases including meningitis and encephalitis. Also, these results indicate that HCosV has been circulating among Iranian pediatric patients.
DigiPrEP: A Pilot Trial to Evaluate the Feasibility, Acceptability, and Accuracy of a Digital Pill System to Measure PrEP Adherence in Men Who Have Sex With Men Who Use Substances
Authors: Chai Peter R. , Mohamed Yassir , Bustamante Maria J. , Goodman Georgia R. , Najarro Jesse , Castillo-Mancilla Jose , Baez Alejandro , Bronzi Olivia , Sullivan Matthew C. , Pereira Luis M. , Baumgartner Susan L. , Carnes Tony C. , Mayer Kenneth H. , Rosen Rochelle K. , Boyer Edward W. , O'Cleirigh Conall 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Adherence to once daily oral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention can be challenging for men who have sex with men (MSM) with substance use. Digital pill systems (DPS) comprise a radiofrequency emitter integrated into a gelatin capsule containing PrEP, which transmits data to a wearable Reader following ingestion, thereby enabling direct, real-time adherence measurement. This study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and accuracy of a DPS to measure PrEP adherence.

Methods:
A 90-day, single-arm, open-label, pilot demonstration trial was conducted with adult, cisgender, HIV-negative MSM on PrEP with nonalcohol substance use. Feasibility was measured via DPS engagement and timeline followback. Acceptability was assessed via qualitative user experience interviews. Accuracy was evaluated via DPS performance metrics, pill counts, and DBS to quantify tenofovir diphosphate.

Results:
Sixteen MSM enrolled (median age, 32 years), and 15 completed the study. Engagement remained stable over time. Emergent nonadherence patterns included intercurrent substance use. The DPS was largely acceptable based on interviews; the predominant barrier to use was the Reader. DPS-recorded ingestions totaled 1099, including 83.9% were detected by Reader and 16.1% were reported manually. The DPS recorded 92.2% of 1192 total expected ingestions per pill counts. Point-biserial correlation (R = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.80; P = 0.047) and Pearson correlation (month 1: R = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.57 to 0.95; P = 0.0002; month 3: R = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.94; P = 0.0197) showed strong correlations between DPS-recorded adherence and tenofovir diphosphate in dried blood spots.

Conclusion:
DPS are a feasible, acceptable, and accurate method of measuring PrEP adherence in MSM with substance use. Future investigations should incorporate DPS into behavioral interventions targeting nonadherence.
Characterization of Treatment Modalities for Patients With Syndromic Craniosynostosis in Relation to Degree of Midface Hypoplasia and Patient’s Age Using Longitudinal Follow-Up Data
Authors: Yang Il-Hyung , Chung Jee Hyeok , Lee Hyeok Joon , Park Juhwan , Oh Yoon-Kyo , Cho Il-Sik , Kim Sukwha , Baek Seung-Hak 
Published: November 2021

Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the type and frequency of use of treatment modalities (Tx-Mods) in patients with syndromic craniosynostosis (SC) using longitudinal follow-up data. A total of 28 patients with SC (24 Crouzon, 2 Apert, and 2 Antley-Bixler syndromes), who were treated at the Department of Orthodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, South Korea between 1998 and 2020, was included. According to the degree of midface hypoplasia (MH) at the initial visit (T1), the patients were divided into the mild-MH (78°≤SNA < 80°, n = 8), moderate-MH (76≤SNA < 78°, n = 7), and severe-MH (SNA < 76°, n = 13) groups. T1-age and Tx-Mods, including cal-varial surgery (CALS), orthopedic treatment (OPT), fixed orthodontic treatment, and midface advancement surgery in childhood (MAS-child) and adulthood (MAS-adult), were investigated. Complexity of MAS-adult was graded as follows: 0, no surgery; 1, orthognathic surgery; 2, distraction osteogenesis (DOG); 3, combination of distraction osteogenesis and orthognathic surgery. Then, statistical analysis was performed. Percentage distribution of Tx-Mods was 71.4% in CALS, 21.4% in MAS-child, 42.9% in OPT, 100% in fixed orthodontic treatment, and 89.3% in MAS-adult. 92.9% of patients underwent MAS more than once. The number of MAS increased according to the severity of MH (P < 0.05). The complexity of MAS-adult increased as T1-age and severity of MH increased (all P < 0.05); whereas it decreased when CALS and OPT were performed (all P < 0.05). However, MAS in childhood did not guarantee the avoidance of additional MAS in adulthood (P > 0.05). These findings may be used as basic guidelines for successful treatment planning and prognosis prediction in patients with SC.
PccGEO: prior constraints conditioned genetic elements optimization
Authors: Xu Hanwen , Zhang Pengcheng , Wang Haochen , Wei Lei , Hu Zhirui , Wang Xiaowo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFunctional genetic elements are one of the most essential units for synthetic biology. However, both knowledge-driven and data-driven methodology can hardly accomplish the complicated task of genetic elements design efficiently due to the lack of explicit regulatory logics and training samples. Here, we proposed a knowledge-constraint deep learning model named PccGEO to automatically design functional genetic elements with high success rate and efficiency. PccGEO utilized a novel “fill-in-the-flank” strategy with a conditional generative adversarial network structure to optimize the flanking regions of known functional sequences derived from the biological prior knowledge, which can efficiently capture the implicit patterns with a reduced searching space. We applied PccGEO in the design ofEscherichia colipromoters, and found that the implicit patterns in flanking regions matter to the properties of promoters such as the expression level. The PccGEO-designed constitutive and inducible promoters showed more than 91.6% chance of success by in vivo validation. We further utilized PccGEO by setting a limited frequency of nucleotide modifications and surprisingly found that the expression level ofE. colisigma 70 promoters could show up to a 159.3-fold increase with only 10-bp nucleotide modifications. The results supported that the implicit patterns are important in the design of functional gene elements and validated the strong capacity of our method in the efficient design of functional genetic elements.Availabilityhttps://github.com/WangLabTHU/PccGEO
Does social capital provide marketing benefits for startup business? An emerging economy perspective
Authors: Mukul Kumar , Pandey Neeraj , Saini Gordhan K. 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThis study explores the relevance of social capital resources generated through networks to address the marketing challenges of startups. It looks into the marketing issues faced by startup firms in emerging markets and examines how they leverage their social capital to reach out to their customers and other stakeholders for marketing their products and services.Design/methodology/approachThe case study analysis using the abduction method, semi-structured interview and content analysis were used for answering the research questions.FindingsThis study finds the importance of developing social capital by startups for marketing activities. Social capital also acts as a strategic advantage that the competitors cannot easily emulate. Findings show that the development of social capital happens through the network of startup entrepreneurs and social connections involving customers, dealers and suppliers, among others.Originality/valueThis study is a novel attempt to emphasize the potential of social capital for marketing activities in a startup firm. This study expands the literature on social capital with a marketing perspective in an emerging economy context. The academic and managerial implications have also been highlighted in the study.