bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schooling amidst a pandemic: parents’ perceptions about reopening schools and anticipated challenges during COVID-19
Authors: Meghani Ankita , Agarwal Smisha , Zapf Alexander John , Edwards Jeffrey G. , Labrique Alain , Gibson Dustin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous states in the United States instituted measures to close schools or shift them to virtual platforms. Understanding parents’ preferences for sending their children back to school, and their experiences with distance learning is critical for informing school reopening guidelines. This study characterizes parents’ plans to send their children to school, and examines the challenges associated with school closures during the 2020-2021 academic year.MethodsA national-level cross-sectional online survey was conducted in September 2020. Focusing on a subset of 510 respondents, who were parents of school-aged children, we examined variations in parents’ plans for their children to return to school by their demographic and family characteristics, and challenges they anticipated during the school-year using multivariable logistic regressions.ResultsFifty percent of respondents (n=249) said that they would send their children back to school, 18% (n=92) stated it would depend on what the district plans for school reopening, and 32% (n=160) would not send their children back to school. No demographic characteristics were significantly associated with parents plans to not return their children to school. Overall, parents reported high-level of access to digital technology to support their child’s learning needs (84%). However, those who reported challenges with distance learning due to a lack of childcare were less likely not to return their children to school (aOR=0.33, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.64). Parents who reported requiring supervision after school had higher odds of having plans to not return their children to school (aOR=1.97, 95% CI: 1.03, 3.79). Parents viewed COVID-19 vaccines and face masks important for resuming in-person classes.DiscussionAbout one-third of parents surveyed objected to their children returning to school despite facing challenges with distance learning. Besides access to vaccines and face masks, our findings highlight the need to better equip parents to support remote learning, and childcare.
Concept design of a bionic grasp to capture the hand motion
Authors: Islam Monirul , Li Xinrui , Chizari Mahmoud 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTThis study has focused on designing a device allowing the user to perform hand exercise motions, in relation with previous methods with good effects in stroke rehabilitation. The project is mainly aimed at designing a low cost, easy to handle and easy to manufacture smart glove to assist users with finger flexion and extensions, which can at the same time transfer data to an application. The methodology used here includes research, design, simulation testing and finalised design. It started with research and investigations on the needs of the users and previous efficient stroke rehabilitation methods. This has been followed with 4 concept designs, which has been tested and evaluated in the next stage for possible optimizations using a computer modelling technique. At the final step, the virtual prototype and product design specification (PDS) of the finalise concept for the interactive device has been illustrated.
A machine learning approach for detecting vicarious trial and error behaviors
Authors: Miles Jesse T. , Kidder Kevan S. , Wang Ziheng , Zhu Yiru , Gire David H. , Mizumori Sheri J. Y. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVicarious trial and error behaviors (VTEs) indicate periods of indecision during decision-making, and have been proposed as a behavioral marker of deliberation. In order to understand the neural underpinnings of these putative bridges between behavior and neural dynamics, researchers need the ability to readily distinguish VTEs from non-VTEs. Here we utilize a small set of trajectory-based features and standard machine learning classifiers to identify VTEs from non-VTEs for rats performing a spatial delayed alternation task (SDA) on an elevated plus maze. We also show that previously reported features of the hippocampal field potential oscillation can be used in the same types of classifiers to separate VTEs from non-VTEs with above chance performance. However, we caution that the modest classifier success using hippocampal population dynamics is not sufficient for identifying trials where VTEs occur, and show that combining oscillation-based features with trajectory-based features degrades classifier performance compared to trajectory-based features alone. Overall, we propose a standard set of features useful for trajectory-based VTE classification and support previous suggestions that VTEs are supported by a network including, but likely extending beyond, the hippocampus.
In silicoanalyses of neuropeptide-like protein (NLP) profiles in parasitic nematodes
Authors: McKay Fiona M. , McCoy Ciaran J. , Marks Nikki J. , Maule Aaron G. , Atkinson Louise E. , Mousley Angela 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNematode parasite infections cause disease in humans and animals and threaten global food security by reducing productivity in livestock and crop farming. The escalation of anthelmintic resistance in economically important nematode parasites underscores the need for the identification of novel drug targets in these worms. Nematode neuropeptide signalling is an attractive system for potential chemotherapeutic exploitation, with neuropeptide G-protein coupled receptors (NP-GPCRs) representing the leading target candidates therein. In order to successfully validate NP-GPCRs as targets for parasite control it is necessary to characterise their function and importance to nematode biology. This can be aided through identifying receptor activating ligand(s) in a process known as receptor deorphanisation. Such efforts first require the identification of all neuropeptide ligands within parasites. Here we comb the genomes of nine therapeutically relevant pathogenic nematode species to comprehensively characterise the nematode parasite neuropeptide-like protein (NLP) complements, and details the discovery of several previously unreported, yet conserved, neuropeptides and neuropeptide-encoding genes. We identify the neuropeptides that are most highly conserved in all parasites examined, and characterise their physiological activity on the reproductive musculature of the parasite,Ascaris suum. These data suggest conserved neuropeptide functions in both free living and parasitic nematodes, and support the potential for exploitation of the neuropeptide signalling system as an anthelmintic target.
Collaborative Cross Founder Expression Analysis (CCFEA)
Authors: Green Richard R. , Ireton Reneé C. , Ferris Martin , Muenzen Kathleen , Crosslin David R. , Gale Michael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo understand the role of host genetic variation in infection by SARS-CoV and influenza A virus we developed the Collaborative Cross Founder Expression Analysis (CCFEA), a shiny visualization tool using public RNAseq data from the collaborative cross (CC) founder strains (A/J, C57BL/6J, 129s1/SvImJ, NOD/ShILtJ, NZO/HILtJ, CAST/EiJ, PWK/PhJ, and WSB/EiJ) that underwent infection by either virus, linked with genetic analyses to define loci linked to infection, immunity, and disease phenotypes. Individual gene expression data is displayed across founders, viral infections and days post infection.Resource Table
Network pharmacology of lycopene and Molecular Docking with Top Hub Proteins
Authors: Paudel Nisha , Hani Umme , Awasthi Nagendra Prasad , Hanumantappa Manjunatha , Lakshminarayan Rangaswamy 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundLycopene is one of the potent antioxidants in the family of carotenoids that scavenges Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) singlet oxygen which has been associated with various pathological consequences including atherosclerosis myocardial infarction, and stroke and Sex hormone-induced cancers like breast cancer, endometrial cancer and prostate cancer. As multiple pathways are involved in the manifestation of aforementioned diseases initiated at the behest of ROS, it would be appropriate to understand the likely pathways triggered by the ROS and its eventual control by the action of lycopene through network pharmacology study, a robust paradigm for drug discovery via modulation of multiple targets.Results124 proteins were mined from CTD and STITCH databases, which showed some relationship with lycopene, among them strong association was found with TP53, STAT3 and CDK1 proteins. Lycopene showed a strong affinity with these proteins by hydrophobic interactions.ConclusionThe topological analysis of a network created by the lycopene relevant genes showed its role as a potential therapeutic agent in cancer which further requiresin vitroandin vivostudies to confirm these findings.
Kaolinite deposits in the upper Iguaçu river, Brazil: formation and mineralogical attributes
Authors: Ferreira Daniela N. , de Freitas Melo Vander , Vidal-Torrado Pablo , Oliveira Jairo Calderari 
Published: March 2021

AbstractKaolinite (Kt) is the most studied mineral, being widely used in the ceramic, pharmaceutical and cellulose industries, in addition to being the main soil mineral in the world. Found in different parts of the planet, it differs in genesis and may be formed as a result of local weathering of the rocks, occurring in the silt fraction; and also due to the mineral’s neogenesis with a predominance of clay-sized particles. The plain of upper Iguaçu river has the largest kaolinitic deposit in the south of Brazil and it’s formation raised doubts if this kaolin was transported or formed in situ due the high organic matter in the alluvial plain. To elucidate the origin of kaolin deposits, we sampled a possible font of the mineral, in the mountains of Serra do Mar and sampled two tubes that reach 4 m depth in the upper Iguaçu plain. We performed textural analysis, organic carbon, X-ray diffraction, Kt crystallography in silt and clay fractions, thermal analysis (TDA/TG) to quantify Kt and Gb in the clay fraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with dispersive energy spectroscopy (EDS). The TDA/TG analysis demonstrated that saprolite has 66% of the kaolinite found in the plain. The XRD analysis shows a significant presence of mica (Mc) in all samples of the silt fraction, both in Serra do Mar and in the plain. In SEM/EDS, crystals with planar growth are observed, and the presence of pseudomorphic Mc-Kt in the silt fraction of all analyzed samples, with emphasis on the tubes sample with the crystal having almost twice the size of that observed in the saprolite sample from Serra do Mar, allowing to infer that the Kt of the silt fraction of the wetland soils were formed on site by the diagenesis of mica particles. The results obtained in this work indicate that the kaolinitic material found in the wetland of the upper Iguaçu plain is the result of weathering processes in the wetland itself, evidenced by the large pseudomorphs found, even greater than those observed in Serra do Mar.
Probing interoception via thermosensation: No specific relationships across multiple interoceptive sub-modalities
Authors: Crucianelli Laura , Enmalm Adam , Ehrsson H. Henrik 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInteroception includes signals originating both from inside the body and from its surface, the skin. Here, we focused on the perception of temperature, a crucial modality for the maintenance of homeostasis. We used a classic (static) thermal detection task and developed a new dynamicthermal matching task, in which participants have to match a previously perceived moving thermal stimulus on the skin to a range of colder or warmer stimuli, presented in increasing or decreasing order. We investigated both hairy (forearm) and non-hairy (palm) skin, in keeping with previous tactile studies targeting the potential involvement of C-tactile fibres, which are part of an afferent homeostatic system found mainly on hairy skin. We also aimed at investigating the relationship between performance on the two thermal tasks and on three other tasks in different interoceptive sub-modalities: cardiac perception, affective touch, and pain detection. We found a significantly more accurate perception of dynamic temperature on hairy compared to non-hairy skin overall, particularly when the temperature was decreasing. Static perception of cooling was also superior on hairy skin and was related to dynamic temperature and pain only on non-hairy skin. Thus, our results suggest that hairy skin may have higher thermosensitivity than non-hairy skin and that dynamic thermosensation might offer a promising avenue to investigate thermosensation as a skin-based interoceptive submodality. Critically, we did not find any other significant relationship in performance among the four interoceptive modalities examined, which indicates independent processing and that interoception might be best quantified using a battery of tests.
Dopamine and serotonin interplay for valence-based spatial learning
Authors: Wert-Carvajal Carlos , Reneaux Melissa , Tchumatchenko Tatjana , Clopath Claudia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDopamine and serotonin are important modulators of synaptic plasticity and their action has been linked to our ability to learn the positive or negative outcomes or valence learning. In the hippocampus, both neuromodulators affect long-term synaptic plasticity but play different roles in the encoding of uncertainty or predicted reward. Here, we examine the differential role of these modulators on learning speed and cognitive flexibility in a navigational model. We compare two reward-modulated spike time-dependent plasticity (R-STDP) learning rules to describe the action of these neuromodulators. Our results show that the interplay of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) improves overall learning performance and can explain experimentally reported differences in spatial task performance. Furthermore, this system allows us to make predictions regarding spatial reversal learning.
Simulation of a sudden drop-off in distal dense core vesicle concentration inDrosophilatype II motoneuron terminals
Authors: Kuznetsov I. A. , Kuznetsov A. V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRecent experimental observations have shown evidence of an unexpected sudden drop-off in the dense core vesicles (DCVs) content at the ends of certain types of axon endings. This paper seeks to determine whether these observations may be explained without modifying the parameters characterizing the ability of distalen passantboutons to capture and accumulate DCVs. We developed a mathematical model that is based on the conservation of captured and transiting DCVs in boutons. The model consists of 77 ordinary differential equations and is solved using a standard Matlab solver. We hypothesize that the drop in DCV content in distal boutons is due to an insufficient supply of anterogradely moving DCVs coming from the soma. As anterogradely moving DCVs are captured (and eventually destroyed) in more proximal boutons on their way to the end of the terminal, the fluxes of anterogradely moving DCVs between the boutons become increasingly smaller, and the most distal boutons are left without DCVs. We tested this hypothesis by modifying the flux of DCVs entering the terminal and found that the number of most distal boutons left unfilled increases if the DCV flux entering the terminal is decreased. The number of anterogradely moving DCVs in the axon can be increased either by the release of a portion of captured DCVs into the anterograde component or by an increase of the anterograde DCV flux into the terminal. This increase could lead to having enough anterogradely moving DCVs such that they could reach the most distal bouton and then turn around by changing molecular motors that propel them. The model suggests that this could result in an increased concentration of resident DCVs in distal boutons beginning with bouton 2 (the most distal is bouton 1). This is because in distal boutons, DCVs have a larger chance to be captured from the transiting state as they pass the boutons moving anterogradely and then again as they pass the same boutons moving retrogradely.
Robust optical autofocus system utilizing neural networks trained for extended range and time-course and automated multiwell plate imaging including single molecule localization microscopy
Authors: Lightley J. , Görlitz F. , Kumar S. , Kalita R. , Kolbeinsson A. , Garcia E. , Alexandrov Y , Bousgouni V. , Wysoczanski R. , Barnes P. , Donnelly L. , Bakal C. , Dunsby C. , Neil M.A.A. , Flaxman S. , French P.M.W. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTWe present a robust, long-range optical autofocus system for microscopy utilizing machine learning. This can be useful for experiments with long image data acquisition times that may be impacted by defocusing resulting from drift of components, e.g. due to changes in temperature or mechanical drift. It is also useful for automated slide scanning or multiwell plate imaging where the sample(s) to be imaged may not be in the same horizontal plane throughout the image data acquisition. To address the impact of (thermal or mechanical) fluctuations over time in the optical autofocus system itself, we utilise a convolutional neural network (CNN) that is trained over multiple days to account for such fluctuations. To address the trade-off between axial precision and range of the autofocus, we implement orthogonal optical readouts with separate CNN training data, thereby achieving an accuracy well within the 600 nm depth of field of our 1.3 numerical aperture objective lens over a defocus range of up to approximately +/− 100 μm. We characterise the performance of this autofocus system and demonstrate its application to automated multiwell plate single molecule localisation microscopy.
Green pull motives and overall tourist satisfaction: a macro- and micro-levels analysis
Authors: Pekovic Sanja 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
The environmental sensitivity of consumers has played an important role in shaping the tourism industry. Although the green trend is an ongoing concern within the tourism industry, empirical research examining the link between green motivation and tourist satisfaction has been lacking in the tourism literature. The study bridges this research gap by examining the relationship between green pull motives and overall tourist satisfaction using empirical data from 28 Member States of the European Union and Turkey, North Macedonia, Iceland, Montenegro and Moldova. Moreover, the framework incorporates both macro- and micro-level analyses, thus offering an unbiased approach compared to analyses based on a single-level perspective. The purpose of this paper is also to compare the relationship between green pull motives and tourist satisfaction across different generational cohorts, thus offering new insights into tourist satisfaction across life-courses.

Design/methodology/approach
Through an examination of 7,450 tourists from 28 Member States of the European Union and Turkey, North Macedonia, Iceland, Montenegro and Moldova derived from the Flash Eurobarometer survey called “Preferences of Europeans towards tourism,” the authors used a Tobit model to test the proposed framework.

Findings
The obtained findings demonstrate that the green pull motives at the macro level are negatively associated with overall tourist satisfaction. In contrast, the green pull motives at the micro level are positively related to overall tourist satisfaction. In addition, the results show that the relationship between green pull motives and overall tourist satisfaction diverges between different generational cohorts.

Practical implications
These results have wide implications for tourism marketers across different European countries, suggesting that adequately managing attributes associated with green motives at both the macro and micro levels, as well as across life-course, considerably contributes to overall tourist satisfaction.

Originality/value
The novel findings increase understanding of the impact of green trends within the tourism sector by providing unbiased analysis of the relationship between green pull motives and overall tourist satisfaction that involves both a multilevel approach and generational cohort comparisons across life-course.
Factors influencing the implementation of workplace health promotion in companies in rural areas
Authors: Hente Luisa , Schlesinger Torsten 
Published: March 2021

PurposeWorkplace health promotion (WHP) is becoming increasingly important due to the ageing workforce and a shortage of skilled workers. Nevertheless, too few companies have reacted to the demographic change and introduced health-promoting measures. This paper aims to identify which factors influence the implementation of WHP, especially in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in rural areas.Design/methodology/approach253 companies in a rural area in the federal state of Saxony (Germany) were surveyed using a standardised questionnaire via a computer-assisted telephone interview. Bivariate analyses and logistic regression models were carried out. The focus was on the relationship between the status of WHP and the size of the company, pressure of demographic change, health-related attitude and organisational capacity factors.FindingsIt was shown that, in addition to the control variables company size and pressure of the shortage of skilled workers, a company's attitude regarding health promotion, financial capacity and planning and development capacity has a relevant influence on the status of WHP.Practical implicationsBased on the results, targeted measures can be developed and converted to implement WHP, particularly in SMEs in rural regions. The focus should be on sensitisation, knowledge transfer and capacity development.Originality/valueThe present paper reveals the relationship between company size, pressure of demographic change, health-related attitude and organisational capacities regarding the status of health-promoting measures in SMEs in a rural region.
An examination of educator multicultural attitudes before and after a diversity dinner dialogue
Authors: Merlin-Knoblich Clare , Dameron Merry Leigh 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
The demographic make-up of students in US public schools is becoming increasingly diverse, and a need exists to train teachers in multicultural competence. Despite this need, little research addresses multicultural competence training for in-service teachers. In this pilot study, we aimed to implement an intervention, known as a diversity dinner dialogue (DDD), in which elementary and university educators read the same diversity-related book, then gathered over dinner to discuss the book and its implications in their work.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used a pre-experimental study and measured participants’ reactions to the intervention, as well as changes in multicultural attitudes immediately and six months after the training.

Findings
Findings indicated that participants had positive reactions to the DDD, yet multicultural attitudes decreased after the training, a potential indication that participants encountered racial identity development processes during the intervention.

Research limitations/implications
Further research is needed on DDDs and interventions affecting educator multicultural attitudes in K-12 schools and higher education.

Originality/value
This study contributes a new potential intervention for use in K-12 school and university partnerships that may support the development of culturally responsive teaching practices and catalyze participant experiences in racial identity development processes.