bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum technologies in space
Authors: Kaltenbaek Rainer , Acin Antonio , Bacsardi Laszlo , Bianco Paolo , Bouyer Philippe , Diamanti Eleni , Marquardt Christoph , Omar Yasser , Pruneri Valerio , Rasel Ernst , Sang Bernhard , Seidel Stephan , Ulbricht Hendrik , Ursin Rupert , Villoresi Paolo , van den Bossche Mathias , von Klitzing Wolf , Zbinden Hugo , Paternostro Mauro , Bassi Angelo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecently, the European Commission supported by many European countries has announced large investments towards the commercialization of quantum technology (QT) to address and mitigate some of the biggest challenges facing today’s digital era – e.g. secure communication and computing power. For more than two decades the QT community has been working on the development of QTs, which promise landmark breakthroughs leading to commercialization in various areas. The ambitious goals of the QT community and expectations of EU authorities cannot be met solely by individual initiatives of single countries, and therefore, require a combined European effort of large and unprecedented dimensions comparable only to the Galileo or Copernicus programs. Strong international competition calls for a coordinated European effort towards the development of QT in and for space, including research and development of technology in the areas of communication and sensing. Here, we aim at summarizing the state of the art in the development of quantum technologies which have an impact in the field of space applications. Our goal is to outline a complete framework for the design, development, implementation, and exploitation of quantum technology in space.
Balloon flight test of a CeBr3 detector with silicon photomultiplier readout
Authors: Murphy David , Mangan Joseph , Ulyanov Alexei , Walsh Sarah , Dunwoody Rachel , Hanlon Lorraine , Shortt Brian , McBreen Sheila 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecent advances in silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) technology and new scintillator materials allow for the creation of compact high-performance gamma-ray detectors which can be deployed on small low-cost satellites. A small number of such satellites can provide full sky coverage and complement, or in some cases replace the existing gamma-ray missions in detection of transient gamma-ray events. The aim of this study is to test gamma-ray detection using a novel commercially available CeBr3 scintillator combined with SiPM readout in a near-space environment and inform further technology development for a future space mission. A prototype gamma-ray detector was built using a CeBr3 scintillator and an array of 16 J-Series SiPMs by ON Semiconductor. SiPM readout was performed using SIPHRA, a radiation-tolerant low-power integrated circuit developed by IDEAS. The detector was flown as a piggyback payload on the Advanced Scintillator Compton Telescope balloon flight from Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility. The payload included the detector, a Raspberry Pi on-board computer, a custom power supply board, temperature and pressure sensors, a Global Navigation Satellite System receiver and a satellite modem. The balloon delivered the detector to 37 km altitude where its detection capabilities and readout were tested in the radiation-intense near-space environment. The detector demonstrated continuous operation during the 8-hour flight and after the landing. It performed spectral measurements in an energy range of 100 keV to 8 MeV and observed the 511 keV gamma-ray line arising from positron annihilation in the atmosphere with full width half maximum of 6.8%. During ascent and descent, the detector count rate peaked at an altitude of 16 km corresponding to the point of maximum radiation intensity in the atmosphere. Despite several engineering issues discovered after the flight test, the results of this study confirm the feasibility of using CeBr3 scintillator, SiPMs, and SIPHRA in future space missions.
Surveillance recommendations for DICER1 pathogenic variant carriers: a report from the SIOPE Host Genome Working Group and CanGene-CanVar Clinical Guideline Working Group
Authors: Bakhuizen Jette J. , Hanson Helen , van der Tuin Karin , Lalloo Fiona , Tischkowitz Marc , Wadt Karin , Jongmans Marjolijn C. J. ,   SIOPE Host Genome Working Group, Dörgeloh Beate B. , Farah Roula A. , Glentis Stavros , Golmard Lisa , Hoyer Juliane , Jahnukainen Kirsi , Jewell Rosalyn , Karow Axel , Katsibardi Katharina , Kuhlen Michaela , Meinhardt Andrea , Nemes Karolina , Poluha Anna , Ripperger Tim , Waespe Nicolas ,   CanGene-CanVar Clinical Guideline Working Group, Adlard Julian , Ahmed Munaza , Brennan Bernadette , Dabir Tabib , Evans D. Gareth , Kelsey Anna , Kohut Kelly , Kulkarni Anju , Murray Alex , Ong Kai Ren , Penn Anthony , Semple Thomas , Woodward Emma R. ,   Expert Network Members, van Leeuwaarde Rachel S. , Littooij Annemieke S. , Merks Johannes H. M. , Rasmussen Åse K. , van Santen Hanneke M. , Smetsers Stephanie E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDICER1 syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that predisposes to a wide spectrum of tumors. Developing surveillance protocols for this syndrome is challenging because uncertainty exists about the clinical efficacy of surveillance, and appraisal of potential benefits and harms vary. In addition, there is increasing evidence that germline DICER1 pathogenic variants are associated with lower penetrance for cancer than previously assumed. To address these issues and to harmonize DICER1 syndrome surveillance programs within Europe, the Host Genome Working Group of the European branch of the International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOPE HGWG) and Clinical Guideline Working Group of the CanGene-CanVar project in the United Kingdom reviewed current surveillance strategies and evaluated additional relevant literature. Consensus was achieved for a new surveillance protocol and information leaflet that informs patients about potential symptoms of DICER1-associated tumors. The surveillance protocol comprises a minimum program and an extended version for consideration. The key recommendations of the minimum program are: annual clinical examination from birth to age 20 years, six-monthly chest X-ray and renal ultrasound from birth to age 6 years, and thyroid ultrasound every 3 years from age 8 to age 40 years. The surveillance program for consideration comprises additional surveillance procedures, and recommendations for DICER1 pathogenic variant carriers outside the ages of the surveillance interval. Patients have to be supported in choosing the surveillance program that best meets their needs. Prospective evaluation of the efficacy and patient perspectives of proposed surveillance recommendations is required to expand the evidence base for DICER1 surveillance protocols.
Barriers and facilitators to reducing anticholinergic burden: a qualitative systematic review
Authors: Stewart Carrie , Gallacher Katie , Nakham Athagran , Cruickshank Moira , Newlands Rumana , Bond Christine , Myint Phyo Kyaw , Bhattacharya Debi , Mair Frances S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground Despite common use, anticholinergic medications have been associated with serious health risks. Interventions to reduce their use are being developed and there is a need to understand their implementation into clinical care. Aim of review This systematic review aims to identify and analyse qualitative research studies exploring the barriers and facilitators to reducing anticholinergic burden. Methods Medline (OVID), EMBASE (OVID), CINAHL (EMBSCO) and PsycINFO (OVID) were searched using comprehensive search terms. Peer reviewed studies published in English presenting qualitative research in relation to the barriers and facilitators of deprescribing anticholinergic medications, involving patients, carers or health professionals were eligible. Normalization Process Theory was used to explore and explain the data. Results Of 1764 identified studies, two were eligible and both involved healthcare professionals (23 general practitioners, 13 specialist clinicians and 12 pharmacists). No studies were identified that involved patients or carers. Barriers to collaborative working often resulted in poor motivation to reduce anticholinergic use. Low confidence, system resources and organisation of care also hindered anticholinergic burden reduction. Good communication and relationships with patients, carers and other healthcare professionals were reported as important for successful anticholinergic burden reduction. Having a named person for prescribing decisions, and clear role boundaries, were also important facilitators. Conclusions This review identified important barriers and facilitators to anticholinergic burden reduction from healthcare provider perspectives which can inform implementation of such deprescribing interventions. Studies exploring patient and carer perspectives are presently absent but are required to ensure person-centeredness and feasibility of future interventions.
Oral octreotide capsules for the treatment of acromegaly: comparison of 2 phase 3 trial results
Authors: Labadzhyan Artak , Nachtigall L B , Fleseriu M , Gordon M B , Molitch M , Kennedy L , Samson S L , Greenman Y , Biermasz N , Bolanowski M , Haviv A , Ludlam W , Patou G , Strasburger C J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Results are presented from 2 to 3 trials investigating oral octreotide capsules (OOC) as an alternative to injectable somatostatin receptor ligands (iSRLs) in the treatment of acromegaly.

Methods
CH-ACM-01 was an open-label trial (N = 155) and CHIASMA OPTIMAL was a double-blind placebo-controlled (DPC) trial (N = 56), both investigating OOC as maintenance therapy for patients with acromegaly who were biochemical responders receiving iSRLs.

Results
Baseline characteristics in both trials reflected those expected of patients with acromegaly responding to treatment and were similar between trials, despite differences in inclusion criteria. OOC demonstrated a consistent degree of biochemical response across trials, with 65% of patients in CH-ACM-01 maintaining response during the core period and 64% of patients in CHIASMA OPTIMAL at the end of the DPC. Mean insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels remained within inclusion criteria at the end of treatment in both trials. Of 110 patients entering the fixed-dose phase in CH-ACM-01, 80% maintained or improved acromegaly symptoms from baseline to the end of treatment. Over 85% of patients in both trials elected to continue into the extension phases. OOC were found to be well tolerated across both trials, and no dose-related adverse events were observed.

Conclusions
OOC demonstrated remarkably consistent results for biochemical response, durability of response, and preference to continue with oral treatment across these 2 complementary landmark phase 3 trials, despite differences in the design of each.
Trial registration NCT03252353 (August 2017), NCT01412424 (August 2011).
Rural–urban differences in quality of life and associated factors among community-dwelling older persons in Oyo state, South-Western Nigeria
Authors: Cadmus Eniola O. , Adebusoye Lawrence A. , Owoaje Eme T. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aim
The decline of health and functional status as a result of old age makes it necessary to assess the Quality of Life (QoL) among older persons. There is, however, limited information in this regard from low and middle-income countries such as Nigeria. This study compares the QoL and associated factors among rural and urban community-dwelling older persons (≥ 60 years) in Oyo State, Nigeria.

Subject and methods
A cross-sectional, comparative community-based study was carried out using an interviewer-administered, semi-structured questionnaire. The QoL was determined using the World Health Organisation Quality of Life Brief Scale (WHOQOL-BREF). Data were analysed using Stata version 14 at p < 0.05.

Results
Overall, 1,180 (588 urban and 592 rural-dwelling) respondents were interviewed. Females constituted more than half of the respondents in both communities, accounting for over two thirds (69.2%) of the population. The mean QoL scores were similar in the psychological (54.2 ± 7.4) and environmental (54.7 ± 9.5) domains. However, the mean score for the physical domain was 69.2 ± 17.0 and 74.1 ± 12 for the social domain. There was no statistically significant difference between mean scores of the QoL in the two locations except in the environmental domain (p < 0.05). Good self-rated health was a common positive predictor of higher mean scores across the four domains in both the rural and urban settings (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
The rural–urban differences in the mean quality of life scores in the environmental domain in the study and poorer scores in the psychological and environmental domains necessitate areas for targeted intervention and more in-depth research.
Legal Concepts as Mental Representations
Authors: Jakubiec Marek 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough much ink has been spilled on different aspects of legal concepts, the approach based on the developments of cognitive science is a still neglected area of study. The “mental” and cognitive aspect of these concepts, i.e., their features as mental constructs and cognitive tools, especially in the light of the developments of the cognitive sciences, is discussed quite rarely. The argument made by this paper is that legal concepts are best understood as mental representations. The piece explains what mental representations are and why this view matters. The explanation of legal concepts, understood as mental representations is one of (at least) three levels of explanation within legal philosophy, but—as will be argued—it is the most fundamental level. This paper analyzes the consequences of such understanding of concepts used in the field of legal philosophy. Special emphasis is put on the current debate on the analogical or amodal nature of concepts.
Convective Instability in Slip Flow in a Vertical Circular Porous Microchannel
Authors: Avramenko A. A. , Shevchuk I. V. , Tyrinov A. I. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe paper represents an analysis of convective instability in a vertical cylindrical porous microchannel performed using the Galerkin method. The dependence of the critical Rayleigh number on the Darcy, Knudsen, and Prandtl numbers, as well as on the ratio of the thermal conductivities of the fluid and the wall, was obtained. It was shown that a decrease in permeability of the porous medium (in other words, increase in its porosity) causes an increase in flow stability. This effect is substantially nonlinear. Under the condition Da > 0.1, the effect of the porosity on the critical Rayleigh number practically vanishes. Strengthening of the slippage effects leads to an increase in the instability of the entire system. The slippage effect on the critical Rayleigh number is nonlinear. The level of nonlinearity depends on the Prandtl number. With an increase in the Prandtl number, the effect of slippage on the onset of convection weakens. With an increase in the ratio of the thermal conductivities of the fluid and the wall, the influence of the Prandtl number decreases. At high values of the Prandtl numbers (Pr > 10), its influence practically vanishes.
Existence and implications of a pitchfork-Hopf bifurcation in a continuous-time two-sector growth model
Authors: Bella Giovanni , Mattana Paolo , Venturi Beatrice 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper shows that the dynamics of the Lucas (J Monet Econ, 22:3–42, 1988) endogenous growth model with flow externalities may give rise to a 2-torus, a compact three-dimensional manifold enclosed by a two-dimensional surface. The implications of this result are relevant for many fields of economic theory. It is first of all clear that if we choose to initialize the dynamics in the basin of attraction of this trapping region, a continuum of perfect foresight solutions may be observed. A simple econometric exercise, linking the physical-to-human capital ratio (state variable) to the 5-years forward variance of the growth rate of an unbalanced sample of 183 countries, seems to provide empirical backing for the phenomenon. Other important consequences, relevant from the point of view of endogenous cycles theory, are also scrutinized in the paper.
A methodology for the formulation of water retention models in deformable soils
Authors: Gallipoli Domenico , Bruno Agostino Walter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a novel approach to soil–water retention modelling that is based on the analysis of the material pore network. The approach postulates the existence of a differential coupling function, which relates the variation of water ratio to the variation of void ratio at constant suction. Distinct differential coupling functions have been considered, and the most general option has been integrated in a closed-form relationship between water ratio and void ratio with a suction-dependent integration constant, whose expression describes the isochoric retention behaviour. Four alternative expressions of the suction-dependent integration constant have been proposed resulting in four different, but equivalent, models linking degree of saturation, void ratio and suction. Each model predicts the variation of degree of saturation by means of four parameters, namely two parameters accounting for the effect of void ratio and two parameters accounting for the effect of suction. The models have been calibrated against laboratory data from soils with distinct particle size distributions and have shown accurate predictions of degree of saturation at different levels of suction and void ratio. Validation against additional data has also indicated that the models can extrapolate the soil behaviour to stress paths and suction levels beyond those considered during calibration.
Reduction of impulsivity in patients receiving deep transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment for obesity
Authors: Luzi Livio , Gandini Sara , Massarini Stefano , Bellerba Federica , Terruzzi Ileana , Senesi Pamela , Macrì Concetta , Ferrulli Anna 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Aims of the present study were to investigate a wide array of psychological symptoms through validated psychometric tests, before and after 5 weeks of deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (dTMS) in individuals with obesity, and to identify possible relationships with neuroendocrine parameters.

Methods
Forty-five patients with obesity (33 F, 12 M; age 48.8 ± 9.9 years; body wt 97.6 ± 14.2 Kg; BMI 36.2 ± 4.2) were randomized into two groups: 26 received high frequency (HF) dTMS and 19 Sham stimulation for 5 weeks. At baseline and after the 5-week treatment, all patients underwent the following psychometric evaluations: Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait (FCQ-T) and its subscales, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11), State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-y1 and STAI-y2), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Hormonal and neuroendocrine markers were assessed at the first and last dTMS session.

Results
By adjusting for baseline variables and treatment arms, a significant decrease in body wt and BMI was found in HF group, both with univariate (p = 0.019) and multivariate analyses (p = 0.012). Impulsivity significantly decreased in HF group, both with univariate (p = 0.031) and multivariate analyses (p = 0.011). A positive association between the impulsivity score change and the leptin level variation (p = 0.031) was found.

Conclusion
The decrease of impulsivity together with the BMI reduction in individuals with obesity, treated with real stimulation, suggests that impulsivity may be a risk factor for obesity. Treatment with dTMS revealed to be effective in reducing both BMI and impulsivity by enhancing inhibitory capacity of Pre-Frontal Cortex (PFC), and modulating neuroendocrine system, especially leptin.
Be different to be better: the effect of personality on optimal foraging with incomplete knowledge
Authors: Jeffries Poppy M. , Patrick Samantha C. , Potts Jonathan R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMany animal populations include a diversity of personalities, and these personalities are often linked to foraging strategy. However, it is not always clear why populations should evolve to have this diversity. Indeed, optimal foraging theory typically seeks out a single optimal strategy for individuals in a population. So why do we, in fact, see a variety of strategies existing in a single population? Here, we aim to provide insight into this conundrum by modelling the particular case of foraging seabirds, that forage on patchy prey. These seabirds have only partial knowledge of their environment: they do not know exactly where the next patch will emerge, but they may have some understanding of which locations are more likely to lead to patch emergence than others. Many existing optimal foraging studies assume either complete knowledge (e.g. Marginal Value Theorem) or no knowledge (e.g. Lévy Flight Hypothesis), but here we construct a new modelling approach which incorporates partial knowledge. In our model, different foraging strategies are favoured by different birds along the bold-shy personality continuum, so we can assess the optimality of a personality type. We show that it is optimal to be shy (resp. bold) when living in a population of bold (resp. shy) birds. This observation gives a plausible mechanism behind the emergence of diverse personalities. We also show that environmental degradation is likely to favour shyer birds and cause a decrease in diversity of personality over time.
1H, 13C, 15N backbone resonance assignment for the 1–164 construct of human XRCC4
Authors: Cabello-Lobato Maria Jose , Schmidt Christine K. , Cliff Matthew J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) represent the most cytotoxic DNA lesions, as—if mis- or unrepaired—they can cause cell death or lead to genome instability, which in turn can cause cancer. DSBs are repaired by two major pathways termed homologous recombination and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). NHEJ is responsible for repairing the vast majority of DSBs arising in human cells. Defects in NHEJ factors are also associated with microcephaly, primordial dwarfism and immune deficiencies. One of the key proteins important for mediating NHEJ is XRCC4. XRCC4 is a dimer, with the dimer interface mediated by an extended coiled-coil. The N-terminal head domain forms a mixed alpha–beta globular structure. Numerous factors interact with the C-terminus of the coiled-coil domain, which is also associated with significant self-association between XRCC4 dimers. A range of construct lengths of human XRCC4 were expressed and purified, and the 1–164 variant had the best NMR properties, as judged by consistent linewidths, and chemical shift dispersion. In this work we report the 1H, 15 N and 13C backbone resonance assignments of human XRCC4 in the solution form of the 1–164 construct. Assignments were obtained by heteronuclear multidimensional NMR spectroscopy. In total, 156 of 161 assignable residues of XRCC4 were assigned to resonances in the TROSY spectrum, with an additional 11 resonances assigned to His-Tag residues. Prediction of solution secondary structure from a chemical shift analysis using the TALOS + webserver is in good agreement with the published X-ray crystal structures of this protein.