bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Hub Genes And Pathways of Gastric Adenocarcinoma Using Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Di Yu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Object: Understanding hub genes associated with gastric adenocarcinoma (GC) development could lead to effective advances to diagnose and treat the diseases. In order to discover possible signal pathways and hub genes for the disease, we utilized the bioinformatics tools to analyze its mechanism.Method: The gene chip of GSE7997was download from the GEO Datasets. Expression data of gastric cancer and its adjacent normal tissues were compared and the DEGs were acquired. The clusterProfiler and KEGG.db R packages were used for the analysis of its gene ontology process and KEGG pathways. What’s more, the PPI network was constructed by the STRING website. The hub genes were acquired by the plugin of the Cytohubba in Cytoscape. Finally, these genes were examined by the TCGA datasets and potential drugs were explored by Connectivity map.Results: The up regulated DEGs was mainly associated with the process of an extracellular matrix organization, an extracellular matrix organization, Collagen catabolic process, and multicellular organismal catabolic process. The down regulated DEGs have mainly associated with the process of digestion， cellular response to zinc ion， digestive system process, and organic hydroxy compound metabolic process. The up regulated DEGs was mainly located on PI3K-AKTsignal pathways, human papillomavirus infection，Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and focal adhesion process. The down regulated genes were mainly associated with protein digestion and absorption, mineral absorption, and the pancreatic secretion. Cytohubba had found hub genes of COL1A2, COL5A1, COL4A1, COL5A2, COL6A3, COL11A1, SERPINH1, FN1, and down-regulated COL2A1.These genes were associated with the process of transforming growth factor, extracellular matrix, cell adhesion, wound healing and so on. As examined by the TCGA datasets, these altered genes were associated with overall survivaland no disease progress time (P<0.05). Finally, we got the small molecule drugs of fenofibrate, benzbromarone, semustine, chloroquine, ondansetron, hydroxyachillin, megestrol, ciclopirox and monastrol for gastric cancer by Connectivity map (P<0.05).Conclusion: As mentioned above, we got 9 hub genes and tested by the TCGA datasets of gastric adenocarcinoma. They were associated with overall survival and disease free progressive time in gastric cancer patients. The bioinformatical analysis of the disease may enhance the understanding of the mechanism of disorders.
Comparable sulfate climate impacts by consumption of developed and developing countries
Authors: Lin Jintai , Zhou Chunjiang , Chen Lulu , Huang Gang , Lamarque Jean-Francois , Nie Ji , Yang Jun , Hu Kaiming , Liu Peng , Wang Jingxu , Xia Yan , Yang Yang , Hu Yongyun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Regional consumption activities supported by domestic production and international trade have led to substantial amounts of aerosols worldwide, yet the resulting impacts on the global climate system remains unknown. Here we quantify for the first time the climate response to aerosols associated with consumption by developing and developed countries, by integrating a most current-generation fully coupled Earth system model, a recent multi-regional input-output table and an updated emission inventory used for climate change assessment. We find that although consumption associated sulfur dioxide emissions of developed countries are only 60% of those of developing countries, they lead to comparable impacts on the global mean surface air temperature (-0.20±0.09 versus -0.18±0.11 K; with 2 standard deviations) and precipitation (-0.017±0.017 versus -0.019±0.019 mm/day). This is because the emissions of developed countries and resulting forcing are more evenly distributed zonally and located at higher latitudes than the emissions of developing countries. Emissions of both developing and developed countries strongly cool the Northern Hemisphere and cause southward movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, while emissions of developing countries have stronger temperature and precipitation impacts over the tropical monsoon regions of China and India. This work serves as the first step of a comprehensive assessment of consumption associated climate impacts in support of global concerted action towards sustainable consumption and stabilized climate.
Hydrogeochemical evolution processes and evaluation of groundwater suitability for domestic and agricultural utility in Southern Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Iqbal Javed , Su Chunli 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Groundwater is a vital resource for human life and economic growth. In the Khanewal district of Punjab, Pakistan, environmental changes, and anthropogenic activities have made groundwater extremely vulnerable in the past forty years. Sixty-eight groundwater samples were collected from the study area, major ions and trace elements were analyzed. The Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis were used to identify the major factors influencing groundwater quality, as well as to assess its suitability for drinking and irrigation in southern Punjab. The aquifers are slightly acidic to alkaline, according to the pH (6.9–9.2) of groundwater. Significant cations are distributed as follows: Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+, while anions are distributed as HCO3− > SO42− > Cl−. The main hydrochemical facies are mixed Na·Ca-HCO3 and Na·Ca (Mg)-HCO3·SO4. Rock weathering processes, such as the dissolution of calcite, dolomite, and gypsum minerals, governed groundwater hydrochemistry. The water quality index (WQI) indicates that 17.64% of the water samples are unsuitable to drink. However, according to the Wilcox diagram, the USSL diagram, and some other agricultural indices, approximately 68% of the groundwater samples are suitable for irrigation.
Heat Stress and Rumen Microbial Ecology: Novel Insights Into Goat Adaptation
Authors: Veerasamy Sejian , MV Silpa , Trivedi Shraddha , MR Reshma Nair , Madiajagan Bagath , Govindan Krishnan , Chinnasamy Devaraj , GB Manjunathareddy , PK Malik , NM Soren , K Giridhar , Bhatta Raghavendra 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Establishing the functional significance of rumen microbiome during heat stress may provide crucial information for elucidating climate resilience in goat. The current study was thus designed with an aim to assess the impact of heat stress on the rumen microbiome across three indigenous goat breeds. To prove this hypothesis, six experimental groups were chosen as follows: Osmanabadi Control (n=6), Osmanabadi Heat (n=6), Malabari Control (n=6), Malabari Heat (n=6), Salem Black Control (n=6) and Salem Black Heat (n=6). The study, being first of its kind, provides novel insights into influence of both genetic and environmental interaction on rumen microbial diversity in goats. An evident variation in the rumen microbial abundance was established during heat stress across all three goat breeds. The decreased Firmicutes and higher Bacteroides abundance in Salem Black goats could indicate the better protein and polysaccharide degrading ability of Salem Black breed. Further, the number of unique OTUs in the Salem Black heat group was higher as compared to both Osmanabadi and Malabari heat groups. In addition, the lower abundance of both KEGG as well as COG pathways indicated the sub-threshold level of heat stress experienced by this breed. Moreover, the histomorphometric changes in the rumen also pointed towards the better adaptive ability of Salem Black breed. This result point towards the genetic factor governing the rumen microbial diversity in goats during heat stress exposure. The findings provide substantial evidence on the genetic superiority of Salem Black breed in altering the rumen microbial population which could impart them the potential to thrive well in harsh environmental conditions.
Effects of Epichloë Endophytes on The Litter Decomposition of Three Host Grass Species in The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Song Meiling , Wang Yuqin , Wang Hongsheng , Bao Gensheng , Li Xiuzhang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Aims

Grass fungal endophyte symbioses are widespread in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau grasslands. It is not clear whether endophytes will influence litter decomposition in alpine grassland. It is important to understand the role of fungal endophytes in the litter decomposition of host grasses in the grasslands of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
Method

s This study utilized Festuca sinensis, Stipa purpurea and Achnatherum inebrians as objects and compared their litter with endophyte (E+) infection and without (E-) during the change in litter weight, total nitrogen, lignin and cellulose contents and their residual rate during the decomposition process. The microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen of soil under litters were also compared.
Results

The litter from E + F. sinensis and S. purpurea decomposed more quickly along with the cellulose compared with E-. The contents and residual rates of nitrogen and lignin in the F. sinensis and S. purpurea litters had no apparent trend of change. The microbial biomass nitrogen of soil under the E + F. sinensis and S. purpurea litters was higher than that of the E- litters. Alternatively, the rates of decomposition and degradation of lignin were lower in the E + A. inebrians litter than those of the E- litter. The endophyte decreased the microbial biomass carbon of soil under A. inebrians litter.
Conclusions

Endophytes played an important role in the nutrient cycling of alpine grassland ecosystems by promoting or decreasing the decomposition of host plants. The results will provide basic data to apply to grass endophyte symbioses in alpine grassland.
Theoretical Design and Process Control of Neonicotinoids Insecticides Suitable for Synergistic Degradation of Rhizobia and Carbon-fixing Bacteria in Soil
Authors: Deng Zhengyang , Ren Zhixing , Sun Shuhai , Wang Yujun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study studied and developed the modification schemes of environmentally friendly substitutes of NNIs along with the regulatory measures that effectively enhanced the synergistic degradation of NNIs by soil rhizobia and carbon-fixing bacteria. Firstly, the binding ability of NNIs to the two key proteins was characterized by molecular docking; Secondly, the mean square deviation decision method, which is a comprehensive evaluation method was used to investigate the binding ability of NNI molecules with the two Rubisco rate-limiting enzymes. The 3D-QSAR model was established for the synergistic degradation and single effect of rhizobia and carbon fixing bacteria, subsequently. Finally, after combining the 3D-QSAR model with a contour maps analysis of the synergistic degradation effect of soil rhizobia and carbon-fixing bacteria, 102 NNI derivatives were designed. 4 NNI derivatives passed the functional and environmentally friendly evaluation. Taguchi orthogonal experiment and factorial experiment assisted molecular dynamics method were used to simulate the effects of 32 regulation schemes on the synergistic degradation of NNIS and its derivatives by rhizobia and carbon fixing bacteria. The synergistic degradation capacity of soil rhizobia and carbon-fixing bacteria was increased to 33.32% after right nitrogen supplementation. This indicated that supplementing the correct amount of nitrogen was beneficial to the microbial degradation of NNIs and their derivatives.
Risk Factors Associated With Dengue Fever Outbreak in Taiz Governorate, Yemen, 2018: Case-control Study
Authors: Nassar Abdulkareem Ali Hussein , Torbosh Amr Abdulaziz , Mahyoub Yassin Abdulmalik , Amad Mohammed Abdullah Al 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Dengue Fever (DF) is a significant health problem in Yemen especially in the coastal areas. On November 6, 2018, Taiz governorates surveillance officer notified the Ministry of Public Health and Population on an increase in the number of suspected DF in Al Qahirah and Al Mudhaffar districts, Taiz governorate. On November 7, 2018, Field Epidemiology Training Program sent a team to perform an investigation. The aims were to confirm and describe the outbreak by person, place and time in Taiz governorate, and identify its risk factors.Methodology: Descriptive and case-control study (1:2 ratio) were conducted. WHO case definition was used to identify cases in Al Qahirah or Al Mudhaffar districts during August-November 2018. Control was selected from the same districts who did not suffer from DF. Predesigned questionnaire was used to collect data related to sociodemographic, behavioral and environmental characteristics. Bivariate and multivariate backward stepwise analyses were used. The adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. A P value < 0.05 was considered as the cut point for statistically significant. Epi info version 7.2 was used.Results: A total of 50 DF cases were found. Almost 52% were males and 76% were <30 years of age. The overall attack rate was 1/10,000 of the population. Case fatality rate was 4%. In multivariate analysis, not working (aOR = 26.6, 95% CI: 6.8–104.7), not using mosquito repellent (aOR = 13.9, 95% CI:1.4–136.8), wearing short sleeves/pants (aOR = 27.3, 95% CI: 4.8–156.8), poor sanitation (aOR = 5.4, 95% CI: 1.4–20.3), presence of outdoor trees (aOR = 13.2, 95% CI: 2.8–63.0) and houses without window nets (aOR = 15.7, 95% CI: 3.9–63.4) were statistically significant risk factors associated with DF outbreak. Eleven 11 (58%) of blood samples were positive for DF IgM.Conclusions: DF outbreak in Al Qahirah and Al Mudhaffar districts, Taiz governorate was confirmed. This study provides evidence-based information regarding the identified risk factors that contributed to the occurrence of this outbreak. Raising community awareness on the importance of personal protection measures and improving the sanitation services are strongly recommended.
An Evolutionary Algorithmic Framework- Cloud Based Evidence Collection Architecture
Authors: Khan Yunus , Varma Sunita 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Forensic in cloud computing is an advancement of evolutionary modern forensic science that protects against cyber criminals. Single centralize point compilation and storage of data, however, overcome the authenticity of digital evidence. In order to address this serious issue, this article suggests a evolutionary modern algorithm automated forensic platform leveraging infrastructure as a cloud service (IaaS) based on Blockchain concept. This proposed forensic structural design, evidence collection of evidence and stored on a blockchain which is circulated around several peer blocks. Secure Block Verification Mechanism (SBVM) is proposed to Safeguarding the device from unauthorised users. Using the cuckoo search optimization algorithm for strengthening of the cloud environment, secret keys are optimally generated. On the bases of level of confidentiality, all data is stored and encrypted at cloud authentication server. Confidentiality-based Algebraically Homomorphic Cryptosystems learning is presented with a fast-forwarding algorithm for encryption. A block in the SDN controller is created for every data and information is stored in the cloud service provider and the history is recorded as metadata data about data. A hash based tree is constructed in each block by Secure Hash Algorithm version − 3 of 512 bits. By implementing graph theory-based graph neural networks in Smart Contracts, our framework enables users to track their data (GNNSC). Finally, the construction of a evidence graph using blockchain data enables evidence analysis. Experiments was carried out in a Python programming and blockchain integrated cloud environment with network simulator-3.30 (for Software Defined Network). As part of result our newly designed forensic architecture using blochchain (FAuB) good results in terms of evidence response time, insertion times of cloud evidence, verification time of evidence, computational overhead of evidence, hashes calculation time, keys generations times of evidence, evidence encryption time, evidence decryptions time, and total overall change rate of evidence, according to a comprehensive comparative study.
Vampire Bat (Desmodus Rotundus) Abundancy and Frequency of Attacks to Cattle in Landscapes of Yucatan, Mexico
Authors: Sánchez-Gómez Wendy Susana , SELEM-SALAS CELIA ISELA , Córdova-Aldana Daniel Isaías , Erales-Villamil José Alberto 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Desmodus rotundus is one of the wild animal species that has benefitted by habitat alteration and its population has increased due to livestock activities. Because vampire bats have caused economic losses to livestock production by feeding from these and other mammals and being the main rabies virus transmitter for cattle, population control campaigns have been implemented in Mexico. Yucatan is one of the seven most impacted States in Mexico by the number of cattle rabies cases per year, however, there is little research on vampire bat populations and attacks to cattle frequency patterns has never been analyzed so far. This study’s objective was to analyze the relationship between D. rotundus abundancy and number of bovines attacked in livestock landscapes in Yucatan. The study used data gathered by the State Committee for Protection and Promotion of Livestock in Yucatan through the National Campaign for Vampire Bat Population Control. Data from January 2014 to December 2017 was analyzed using Pearson correlation and bat abundancy and number of bovines attacked distribution maps. Greater abundancy of vampire bats and number of cattle attacked were observed in the central region of Yucatan, particularly in Izamal municipality. Positive correlation was found between 1) Abundancy of vampire bats and number of cattle in the region, 2) Total number of cattle and number of cattle attacked, and 3) Abundancy of vampire bats and number of cattle attacked. We can conclude that the relationship between abundancy of vampire bats and frequency of cattle attacked is positive.
Oridonin Attenuates Low Shear Stress-Induced Endothelial Cell Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress by Activating The Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Pathway
Authors: CHEN ZHIPENG , LIU HEQIAN , MAMATELI SUBINUR , LIU CHENG , LIU YUTONG , CAI JING , QIAO TONG , WANG LEI 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Atherosclerosis (AS) is the primary cause of cardiovascular disease and the incidence is extremely common; however, there are currently few drugs that can effectively treat AS. Although oridonin has been widely used to treat inflammation and cancer for numerous years, to the best of our knowledge, its protective effect against AS has not been reported. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether oridonin attenuated AS.
Methods

By using text mining, chemometric and chemogenomic methods, oridonin was predicted to be a beneficial agent for the treatment of AS. A parallel flow chamber was used to establish a low shear stress (LSS)-induced endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction model. Briefly, ECs were exposed to 3 dyn/cm2 LSS for 30 min and subsequently treated with oridonin or transfected with a small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). Reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) in EA.hy926 cells were analyzed to determine the level of oxidative stress. The nitric oxide (NO) levels and mRNA expression levels of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and prostaglandin synthase (PGIS) in EA.hy926 cells were analyzed to determine EC dysfunction. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of NRF2 were analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. In addition, zebrafish were fed with a high-cholesterol diet to establish a zebrafish AS model, which was used to observe lipid accumulation and inflammation under a fluorescence microscope.
Results

We found LSS led to oxidative stress and EC dysfunction; this was primarily indicated through the significantly decreased SOD and GSH content, the significantly increased MDA, GSSG and ROS content, the upregulated mRNA expression levels of ET-1, and the downregulated NO levels and mRNA expression levels of eNOS and PGIS in ECs. Notably, oridonin could improve LSS-induced oxidative stress and EC dysfunction,and the effects of oridonin were reversed by the transfection with NRF2 siRNA. Oridonin also attenuated lipid accumulation and neutrophil recruitment at the LSS regions in the zebrafish AS model.
Conclusions

In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that oridonin may ameliorate LSS-induced EC dysfunction and oxidative stress by activating NRF2, thereby attenuating AS.
Usage of Implant Contraceptive Method by Sexually Active Women: An Exploration of The Factors Contributing To Implant Contraceptive Method Uptake in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa.
Authors: Shihundla Rhulani Caroline , Lebese Rachel Tsakani , Maputle Sonto Maria 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

The estimation of unmet contraceptive needs triggered the National Department of Health in South Africa to introduced the Implant contraceptive method in 2014 to increase the range of contraceptive options for sexually active women. Implant contraceptive uptake remains low in the Vhembe District despite its effectiveness in preventing unintended pregnancy. Very little is known about the factors that affect the usage of this cost-effective device.
Aim

To explore sexually active women's knowledge, practices and attitudes related to the usage of the Implant contraceptive method in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province.
Methods

The study was qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual, conducted using a non-probability purposive technique to sample 62 sexually active women aged from 18–45 years. The sample size was determined by data saturation. Five (5) focus group discussions were conducted using semi-structured interviews, which lasted for 45–60 minutes. Tesch's eight steps of open coding were used to analyse data.
Results

Results revealed that sexually active women experience some challenges related to Implant Contraceptive Method. The majority of women had little knowledge about the device, making it difficult for them to use the method. The majority of sexually active women indicated that they are interested in the method and would like to enjoy the benefits.
Conclusion

Sexually active women's intentions to utilise the Implant contraceptive method was very low as the majority of them had a negative attitude towards the method, due to insufficient knowledge. Professional nurses should inform women and public members about newly introduced Implant contraceptive method at Primary Health Care facilities to enhance usage.