bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kajian Karakteristik Sedimen Dasar di Perairan Sungailiat untuk Mendukung Pengembangan Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara Sungailiat, Kab. Bangka
Authors: Rachman Reno Arief , Wibowo Mardi , Wiguna Edwin Adi , Nugroho Sapto , Madyani Madyani , Santoso Budi 
Published: June 2021

Tingkat sedimentasi di muara S. Jelitik sangat tinggi sehingga ketika air laut surut, kapal-kapal tidak dapat keluar masuk ke Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara (PPN) Sungailiat. Untuk menangani masalah tersebut, pemerintah secara periodik melakukan pengerukan yang berbiaya tinggi. Oleh karena itu, Pemprov Bangka Belitung merencanakan membangun infrastruktur pengendali sedimen. Dalam perencanaan infrastruktur pengendali sedimen diperlukan data-data karakteristik sedimen dasar. Saat ini kajian khusus karateristik sedimen dasar di kawasan ini masih belum ada. [A1] Oleh karena itu dilakukan kajian ini dengan tujuan mengetahui pola sebaran karakteristik sedimen dasar seperti berat jenis, tekstur sedimen, ukuran d50 butir sedimen dan analisis stastik sedimen dasar. Karakteristik ini sangat penting untuk kajian sedimentasi selanjutnya terutama sebagai data masukan perhitungan kecepatan sedimentasi baik secara analitik maupun dengan pemodelan numerik. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah survei lapangan, pengambilan sampel sedimen dasar, analisis laboratorium dan analisis statistik sedimen. Berdasarkan kajian ini sedimen dasar di perairan Sungailiat ini didominasi oleh pasir sedikit campuran kerikil dengan nilai d50 berkisar antar 1-1,5 mm dan terpilah buruk. Kondisi sedimen dasar berupa pasir mempunyai daya dukung yang baik untuk pengembangan pelabuhan.Sedimentation in the S Jelitik estuary is very high, so when the tide is low, the ships traffic at the Sungailiat Fisheries Port is disturbed. So far, dredging has been done to solve this problem, which requires high costs. To overcome this, the Provincial Government of Bangka Belitung plans to build a sediment control infrastructure. In planning the sediment control infrastructure, sea bottom sediment characteristics data are needed. Currently, there is no specific study of se bottom sediment characteristics in this area. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of knowing the distribution pattern of seabottom sediment characteristics such as density, sediment texture, d50 grain size and analysis of the basic sediment statistics. This characteristic is very important for further sedimentation studies, especially as input data for calculating the sedimentation velocity both analytically and by numerical modeling. The methods used in this study are field surveys, sediment sampling, laboratory analysis and sediment statistical analysis. Based on this study, the seabottom sediment in Sungailiat waters is dominated by sand, a little mixture of gravel, with d50 values ranging from 1-1.5 mm and poorly segregated. The seabottom sediment in the form of sand have good capacity for port development.
Cryptocurrencies: Some Remarks from the Perspective of Polish Employment and Tax Law
Authors: Tyc Aneta , Siuciński Robert 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn view of the fact that technological progress is in a constant state of change, current research efforts are directed towards blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies. Starting with the description of the way blockchain technology operates, the notions of decentralisation, proof-of-work consensus, and practical immutability are explained. Further, the article examines the possibility of using cryptocurrency in order to pay remuneration, realise partial non-cash payment of remuneration or grant an award to an employee. This article presents evidence that demonstrates that remuneration in the framework of the employment relationship in Poland cannot be paid in cryptocurrency, which contributes to the performance of the protective function of labour law. The article concludes that a collective labour agreement could include a clause allowing the employer to realise partial non-cash payment of remuneration in cryptocurrency. Similar provisions could be introduced in labour law, but the Polish legislator has never adopted such a measure. The authors highlight, however, that an award can be paid in cryptocurrency even in the full amount. Next, the authors research the new tax regulations in force in Poland since 1 January 2019 and explain why it is conceptually more convincing to classify revenues from cryptocurrency trading as revenues from money capital and revenues from capital gains than as property rights. The article presents a definition of the disposal for valuable consideration of a virtual currency. The purpose of this article is also to study how high is the income tax on income earned from the disposal for valuable consideration of virtual currencies. Moreover, an overview of the legislation related to tax-deductible expenses is provided. Finally, some reflections on the cryptocurrency trading in the context of the pursuit of an economic activity are given. The review especially highlights the Council Directive 2006/112/EC of 28 November 2006 on the common system of value added tax, and the judgment of the CJEU of 22 October 2015 (Skatteverket v. David Hedqvist[2015], case C-264/14), which has impacted the approach to the VAT problem in Poland.
State Aid Rules and Public Financing of Infrastructure. The Case of Autostrada Wielkopolska S.A.
Authors: Kubera Paulina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe operation of a toll road typically involves an economic activity for which State aid rules apply. However, if the construction and operation of the road infrastructure is bundled and they are tendered out together, they usually fall outside the State aid regime. The reason for it lies in the fact that the use of competitive procurement procedures aim to increase the efficiency of public expenditure and to ensure a level playing field for private operators to compete for public contracts. Nevertheless, based on the European Commission’s decisional practice, it transpires that an economic advantage for a concession holder cannot be ruled out automatically, in particular when there are amendments made to the original agreement. On the example of the Autostrada Wielkopolska S.A. case, critical State aid issues are discussed, among others, the application of State aid rules to public financing of infrastructure, the amendments made to a concession contract in the light of the risk assignment problem, as well as the existence of State aid in the form of overcompensation for a concession holder. The considerations are carried out on the canvas of a concrete case; however, they are enriched by the analysis of relevant legal provisions as well as conclusions from the EU courts and the European Commission decisions made in similar cases.
The Origins of Supranational State Aid Legislations: What Policymakers Must Know and Adhere to. The Case of Estonia
Authors: Pärn-Lee Evelin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs an independent country, Estonia can decide on how to promote its economy through state intervention, at least in theory. At the same time, Estonia has been a WTO member since 1999 and an EU Member State since 2004 and must adhere to these rules. Both regimes limit a Member State’s ability to interfere in the economy, setting forth rules on when a state can interfere with consequences if the rules are not met. But these rules differ, and the same situation can have a different result depending on the rules applied. Also, both sets of rules limit the competence of a member country to interfere in economy differently, for example, the WTO applies a rather lenient ex post control while in the EU a strict ex ante control by the Commission is used. Also the consequences for failing to adhere are different. Although one of the smallest EU Member States and represented by the Commission in WTO roundtables, it is still relevant for Estonia to have a position on globally applied state interference measures, and present and protect its views, if needed. To successfully promote its economy nationally and in the EU, Estonian policymakers, like those of any other country in the same position, must know not only the applicable state interference rules but also the underlying principles thereof. The article will provide a historical overview of the framework of the supranational state aid regimes of the WTO and the EU, as well as the domestic rules of Estonia. It is aimed at reflecting the principles behind the state aid rules that the domestic policymakers must consider when designing national state interference measures. The author applies classical research methods, namely, reading and interpretation of texts, but also comparing the WTO, EU and Estonian laws on state subsidies.
Ferrous materials degradation: characterisation of rust by colour – an overview
Authors: Klenam Desmond E. P. , Bodunrin Michael O. , Akromah Stefania , Gikunoo Emmanuel , Andrews Anthony , McBagonluri Fred 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
An overview of the characterisation of rust by colour is presented. Each distinct rust colour is caused by atmospheric impurities, high or low moisture content and high or low oxygen environment over time. Yellow rust is mainly due to the high moisture environment over a period of time, which drips. Brown rust is dry, crusty and due to water and oxygen contact with localised patches on component surfaces. Black rust, the most stable form, occurs in low moisture and low oxygen environment. The rust residue shows where the reaction started, especially in contact with chlorides. The causative factors of red rust are atmospheric and similar to black rust in a chloride-containing environment. The effect of packaging, manufacturing and environmental factors on rust colour is briefly discussed. Visual characterization of rust could pre-empt root causes and analytical tools for validation. The limitations of these concepts are mentioned and directions for future research highlighted.
Alleviate the contending issues in network operating system courses: Psychomotor and troubleshooting skill development with Raspberry Pi
Authors: Hatta Puspanda , Budiyanto Cucuk Wawan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Despite the growing popularity of network operating system courses in vocational high schools, issues have been raised regarding the lack of appropriate computer hardware specifications and the limited use of real networking devices. The media that have been used in teaching network operating systems have been based on virtualization-based simulation. However, such virtualization does not expose students to real hardware. This results in less than optimal hands-on activities and students’ psychomotor abilities. Consequently, alternative authentic media are needed to accommodate practical learning and improve psychomotor skills. The aim of this study is to explore the implementation of a single-board microcomputer in learning network operating systems. The Raspberry Pi was chosen as it can replace the role of a non-simulation PC. The choice of Raspberry Pi was also based on the fact that in Indonesia it is still rare to find its implementation for teaching and learning activities in vocational high school, so it is necessary to introduce the device to students. The operating system used by the Raspberry Pi is similar to Ubuntu, which is one of the network operating systems that must be mastered by vocational IT students. The research made a comparison between the two learning media as employed by two groups of students in different classes, one using virtualization-based simulation and the other using the Raspberry Pi. Based on the results, it is concluded that the use of the Raspberry Pi is more effective than that of virtualization-based simulation in improving students’ psychomotor and troubleshooting skills.
Diplomacy at the End of the World: Theoderic’s Letters to the Warni and Hesti
Authors: Cristini Marco 
Published: June 2021

SummaryTheoderic’s diplomacy with distant peoples has often been considered as a kind of ‘Realpolitik’ chiefly aimed at military or strategical purposes, but the symbolic importance of two embassies from the Warni and Hesti should be taken into consideration more carefully. The king aimed to convince his subjects and neighbours that he was the rightful heir of the Roman emperors by following a subtle policy ofimitatio Imperii. He also used diplomacy to achieve this goal and took advantage of two embassies from remote peoples of Northern Europe in order to imitate both Augustus and contemporary emperors, who prided themselves upon receiving envoys from far-away lands.
Rituali per i fondatori. Callimaco (fr. 43 Pf. = 50 Mass.) e le norme rituali da Selinunte (CGRN 13 A 9–15)
Authors: Giangiulio Maurizio 
Published: June 2021

RiassuntoL’articolo prende in esame un ben noto frammento degli «Aitia» di Callimaco che offre la più importante testimonianza del culto dell’ecista nelle colonie siciliane. Una più approfondita indagine dei vv. 40–41 consente di istituire un parallelo con le norme rituali concernenti i Tritopatreis nella lex sacra di Selinunte (A 9–15). In entrambi i casi a un sacrificio animale con sversamento del sangue segue una libazione senza vino e un banchetto sacro. La sequenza rituale è inusuale e la sua diffusione nel mondo coloniale siciliano mette in luce sia la complessità del culto dell’ecista dal punto di vista religioso, sia l’intimo nesso che lo connette con la memoria sociale e l’identità della comunità politica.
The Time of Composition of Cassius Dio’s “Roman History”: a Reconsideration
Authors: Lindholmer Mads Ortving 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe question of Cassius Dio’s time of writing is characterised by scant evidence and a lack of consensus. This article will present a highly significant correction to our understanding of the most important passage for this question, as well as two passages that have not generally been taken into consideration. The article will argue that Dio finished his main work in the late 210s and thereby support a so-called ‘early dating’. This is central for the current re-evaluation of Dio since it gives a clearer picture of the background against which Dio conceived his work and his many sophisticated interpretations.
Clinical features and complications of acromegaly at diagnosis are not all the same: data from two large referral centers
Authors: Varlamov Elena V , Niculescu Dan Alexandru , Banskota Swechya , Galoiu Simona Andreea , Poiana Catalina , Fleseriu Maria 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The number of international acromegaly related registries is increasing; however, heterogeneity of acromegaly symptoms and signs across countries is not well described. We compared clinical disease manifestations at diagnosis between two large University referral centers from two continents.

Methods
Retrospective, comparative epidemiological study of acromegaly patients at two centers: (i) C. I. Parhon National Institute of Endocrinology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania (Parhon), and (ii) Pituitary Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States (OHSU) from approved data repositories was undertaken. Data were extracted from medical charts and questionnaires. Binary logistic regression analysis was undertaken for the most frequently noted symptoms and clinical signs.

Results
The study included 216 patients (87 Parhon, 129 OHSU). Age, sex, and median delay in diagnosis were similar between centers. IGF-1 index was higher in patients at Parhon (3.3 vs 2.1, P < 0.001). The top five symptoms at both centers were enlarged hands/feet, headache, arthralgia, fatigue, and irregular menses in women. A significant difference was noted for multiple signs and symptoms frequency, often > 20 percentage points between centers. Center was a predictor of many signs and symptoms, independent of acromegaly biochemical severity or disease duration.

Conclusion
We show in the first comparative study that differences in medical practice, documentation, and likely cultural differences can influence patients’ symptom(s) reporting and screening patterns in geographically different populations. Pooling data into large multicenter international registry databases may lead to loss of regional characteristics and thus a mixed overall picture of combined cohorts.
Significance of differential allelic expression in phenotypic plasticity and evolutionary potential of microbial eukaryotes
Authors: Tatman Ben P. , Mock Thomas , Wu Taoyang , van Oosterhout Cock 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundDifferential allelic expression (DAE) plays a key role in the regulation of many biological processes, and it may also play a role in adaptive evolution. Recently, environment‐dependent DAE has been observed in species of marine phytoplankton, and most remarkably, alleles that showed the highest level of DAE also showed the fastest rate of evolution.MethodsTo better understand the role of DAE in adaptive evolution and phenotypic plasticity, we developed a 2‐D cellular automata model “DAEsy‐World” that builds on the classical Daisyworld model.ResultsSimulations show that DAE delineates the evolution of alternative alleles of a gene, enabling the two alleles to adapt to different environmental conditions and sub‐functionalize. With DAE, the build‐up of genetic polymorphisms within genes is driven by positive selection rather than strict neutral evolution, and this can enhance phenotypic plasticity. Moreover, in sexually reproducing organisms, DAE also increased the standing genetic variation, augmenting a species’ adaptive evolutionary potential and ability to respond to fluctuating and/or changing conditions ( cf. genetic assimilation). We furthermore show that DAE is likely to evolve in fluctuating environmental conditions.ConclusionsDAE increases the adaptive evolutionary potential of both sexual and asexually reproducing organisms, and it may affect the pattern of nucleotide substitutions of genes.
Ksiądz Jakub Janidło - wybitny przedstawiciel profesury krakowskiej XVII stulecia
Authors: Bieniarzówna Janina 
Published: June 2021

W historii Akademii Krakowskiej wiek XVII nie należy do okresów najlepiej opracowanych. Wystarczy powiedzieć, że w wydanych z okazji wielkiego jubileuszu "Dziejach Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego w latach 1364-1764" /Kraków 1964/ całkowicie został pominięty okres 1633-1648, że nie doczekała się naukowej monografii walka Akademii z jezuitami, że wiele postaci zasłużonych w dziejach naszej kultury nie posiada szerszych aniżeli encyklopedyczne biografie. Napotyka na spore trudności ustalenie obsady poszczególnych katedr, a dzieje Wydziału Prawa nie stanowią w tym zakresie wyjątku. W drugiej połowie XVI w. Wydział ów przeżywał okres zastoju i dezorganizacji. Dopiero pod koniec lat siedemdziesiątych zaczynają władze uniwersyteckie podejmować próby jego reformy, na razie bez większych rezultatów. W samym końcu stulecia wchodzi do Wydziału Prawa wybitna osobistość: Jakub Janidło z Bodzentyna, trzykrotny rektor w latach 1614-1619, który w pierwszym dwudziestoleciu XVII wieku odegrał ważną rolę w walce z jezuitami, przeciwstawiając się założeniu ich akademii w Poznaniu i kolegium, prowadzonego przez zakon, w Krakowie. On też miał niemałe zasługi przy organizacji Szkół Nowodworskich.
Początki biblioteki konwentu krakowskiego p.w. św. Bernardyna ze Sieny
Authors: Murawiec Wiesław Franciszek 
Published: June 2021

The Order of Friars Minor's passion for books and libraries ever since its beginnings in the 13th century grew particularly in convents located in university towns. No monk was allowed to own books, although he could lend them out from the convent library. At the monastery's first library and archive there was a monastic scriptorium, which prospered and functioned on a high level. Monastic writers from the Krakow convent enjoyed special privileges concerning the use the local library and archive.
Ikonografia trynitarska
Authors: Witko Andrzej 
Published: June 2021

The Trinitarian Order, Ordo Sanctissimae Trinitatis de Redemptione Captivorum, was founded by St. John de Matha (d. 1213) with the participation of St. Felix de Valois (d. 1212). The first abode was located in Cerfroid, in the diocese of Meaux in France. Pope Innocent III approved the Order in his bull Operante divine dispositionis of December 17, 1198 and ratified the Rule written by St. John de Matha who described the aim of the Trinitarian mission as ransoming captives from pagans as well as providing hospital care to the sick and the poor.
İnmeli Hastalarda Malnütrisyon ve Disfajinin Önemi
Authors: GÜÇMEN Nurbanu , GÜÇMEN Burhan , KOCA Tuba Tülay 
Published: June 2021

Amaç: İnmeli hastalarda disfaji sıklığı ile inmeli hastaların beslenme durumlarının araştırılması ve malnütrisyonun tıbbi durumlara etkisini incelemek.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma prospektif, kesitsel olarak planlanmıştır. İnme tanısı ile rehabilitasyon programına alınan 40-80 yaş aralığında 60 hasta çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. İnmeli hastaların yaş, cinsiyet, boy, kilo, beden kitle indeksi (BKİ), inme sonrası kilo kaybı ve disfaji varlığı ve hastaların inme süresi (ay olarak) not edilmiştir. İnmeli hastaların nütrisyonel durumları; serum albümin ve lenfosit düzeyleri, hasta başı EAT-10 yutma fonksiyonu tarama testi, Nütrisyon risk indeksi (NRI), Prognostik nütrisyonel indeks (PNI), Nottingham nütrisyonel tarama testi (NTT) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Hastaların fonksiyonel durumları Brunnstrom ve FAS evrelemesi ile değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Hastalar NRI=97.5 değeri temel alınarak ‘düşük malnütrisyon’ veya ‘malnütrisyon yok’ bir grup; orta veya ağır malnütrisyon bir grup olacak şekilde ikiye ayrıldığında inme süresi (p=0.041), yaş (p
Vaccination against SARS-COV‑2 in oncology
Authors: Polyakov A. A. , Lunin V. V. , Abbaysbeyli F. M. , Timofeeva O. L. , Larionova V. B. , Zeynalova P. A. , Fedenko A. A. 
Published: June 2021

The objective of the study a detailed, systematic review of the world literature data, which includes all aspects of recommendations for vaccination against SARS-COV‑2 in cancer patients.Materials and methods. Information search was carried out in PubMed, MedLine, Scopus, Web of Science, RSCI.The work included data from literature and information sources that were published before February 2021.Results. The data of retrospective and prospective clinical studies are analyzed. This paper reflects considerations and recommendations for the vaccination of cancer patients by Russian and foreign specialists in the context of COVID‑19 pandemic. The review presents current recommendations for vaccination against SARS-COV‑2 in patients with solid tumors, hematological malignancies, recipients of hematopoietic stem cells and cell therapy.Conclusion. To date, groups at increased risk of infection with the new coronavirus have been identified. These groups include patients with cancer. The presence of tumor does not allow a delay in start of therapy, and requires careful monitoring and observation. In this regard, despite the pandemic, the treatment of cancer patients must be continued regardless of the circumstances. Cancer patients should not be deprived of the opportunity to be vaccinated against SARS-COV‑2. Every patient should be decided individually. At the moment, there are no officially approved recommendations for vaccination against SARS-COV‑2 for cancer patients. Before the creation and approval of final recommendations for cancer patients, it is necessary to focus on compliance with sanitary and anti-epidemic measures and the prevention of COVID‑19 infection. The global cancer community continues to actively develop recommendations for the optimal vaccination against SARS-COV‑2 in cancer patients.The most relevant ones are outlined in this article.