bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variable immersion microscopy with a high numerical aperture
Authors: Ishida Keita , Naruse Kanta , Mizouchi Yuta , Ogawa Yoshihiro , Matsushita Michio , Shimi Takeshi , Kimura Hiroshi , Fujiyoshi Satoru 
Published: January 2021

Three-dimensional (3D) optical microscopy with a high numerical aperture (NA) remains challenging for thick biological specimens owing to aberrations arising from interface refractions. We developed a variable immersion lens (VIL) to passively minimize these aberrations. A VIL is a high-NA concentric meniscus lens and was used in combination with an aberration-corrected high-NA reflecting objective (TORA-FUJI mirror). Wave-optics simulation at a wavelength of 488 nm showed that a VIL microscope enables diffraction-limited 1.2-NA imaging in water (refractive index of 1.34) at a depth of 0.3 mm by minimizing aberrations due to refraction of a sample interface. Another aberration due to the refractive index mismatching between a mounting medium, and an object can also be corrected by the VIL system, because various fluids with different refractive indices can be used as mounting media for the VIL. As a result of correcting the two aberrations at the same time, we experimentally demonstrated that a 6 µm diameter fluorescent bead can be imaged to the true dimensions in 3D.
Understanding drivers of family planning in rural northern India: An integrated mixed-methods approach
Authors: Jain Mokshada , Caplan Yael , Ramesh B. M. , Isac Shajy , Anand Preeti , Engl Elisabeth , Halli Shiva , Kemp Hannah , Blanchard James , Gothalwal Vikas , Namasivayam Vasanthakumar , Kumar Pankaj , Sgaier Sema K. 
Published: January 2021

Background
Family planning is a key means to achieving many of the Sustainable Development Goals. Around the world, governments and partners have prioritized investments to increase access to and uptake of family planning methods. In Uttar Pradesh, India, the government and its partners have made significant efforts to increase awareness, supply, and access to modern contraceptives. Despite progress, uptake remains stubbornly low. This calls for systematic research into understanding the ‘why’—why people are or aren’t using modern methods, what drives their decisions, and who influences them.

Methods
We use a mixed-methods approach, analyzing three existing quantitative data sets to identify trends and geographic variation, gaps and contextual factors associated with family planning uptake and collecting new qualitative data through in-depth immersion interviews, journey mapping, and decision games to understand systemic and individual-level barriers to family planning use, household decision making patterns and community level barriers.

Results
We find that reasons for adoption of family planning are complex–while access and awareness are critical, they are not sufficient for increasing uptake of modern methods. Although awareness is necessary for uptake, we found a steep drop-off (59%) between high awareness of modern contraceptive methods and its intention to use, and an additional but smaller drop-off from intention to actual use (9%). While perceived access, age, education and other demographic variables partially predict modern contraceptive intention to use, the qualitative data shows that other behavioral drivers including household decision making dynamics, shame to obtain modern contraceptives, and high-risk perception around side-effects also contribute to low intention to use modern contraceptives. The data also reveals that strong norms and financial considerations by couples are the driving force behind the decision to use and when to use family planning methods.

Conclusion
The finding stresses the need to shift focus towards building intention, in addition to ensuring access of trained staff, and commodities drugs and equipment, and building capacities of health care providers.
Risk factors for decreased bone mineral density in men with type 2 diabetes.
Authors: Fazullina Olga N. , Korbut Anton I. , Dashkin Maksim V. , Klimontov Vadim V. 
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis are widespread diseases in the middle-aged and elderly people. Most studies of osteoporosis in patients with type 2 diabetes have been performed in women; meantime risk factors for lowering bone mineral density (BMD) in men have been little studied.AIMS: to identify risk factors for decreased BMD at the lumbar spine, femoral neck and forearm in men with type 2 diabetes.METHODS: Eighty two men from 50 to 75 years old, with duration of diabetes for at least one year, were included in the study. Individuals with known risk factors for secondary osteoporosis were not included. Twenty-three men with normal BMD having no diabetes or obesity were acted as control. The T-score at the lumbar spine, femoral neck and forearm of a non-dominant arm, as well as body composition parameters, were evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The levels of hormones that affect bone metabolism (parathyroid hormone, free testosterone, 25-OH vitamin D) were measured in blood serum by ELISA. Risk factors for reducing BMD were identified using multivariate regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.RESULTS: Among patients with diabetes, 49 individuals had normal BMD and 33 showed decreased T-score values (<-1 SD). Free testosterone <5.92 pg/ml was predictor for decreased BMD at the lumbar spine (OR=4.4, p=0.04). For femoral neck, the risk factors were body weight <95.5 kg (OR=2.8, p=0.04), total fat mass <27 kg (OR=3.3, p=0.03), truncal fat mass<17.5 kg(OR=4.5, p=0.006), android (central abdominal) fat mass <3.2 kg(OR=4.0, p=0.01), gynoid (hip) fat mass <3.5 kg(OR=3.3, p=0.02), and lean mass <59 kg(OR=3.0, p=0.04). Risk factors for reduced BMD at the forearm were diabetes duration>15.5 years (OR=3.7, p=0.03) and HbA1c <8.15% (OR=3.8, p=0.03). Parathyroid hormone and 25-OH-vitamin D did not predict BMD independently.CONCLUSIONS: In men with type 2 diabetes, low free testosterone is a risk factor for decreased BMD in the lumbar spine, and diabetes duration is a risk factor for decreased BMD in the forearm. The presence of obesity is associated with an increase in BMD in the femoral neck; a high HbA1c is associated with an increase in BMD in the forearm.
«DIARISK» — the first national prediabetes and diabetes mellitus type 2 risk calculator
Authors: Shestakova Marina V. , Kolbin Alexey S. , Galstyan Gagik R. , Arepeva Maria A. , Zaitseva Ekaterina L. , Mayorov Alexander Y. , Karpov Oleg I. , Proskurin Maxim A. , Kurylev Aleksey A. , Dedov Ivan I. 
Published: January 2021

BACKGRAUND: The need to create a national questionnaire for screening the population for disorders of carbohydrate metabolism.AIMS: Develop a highly specific and sensitive questionnaire-calculator of the risk of prediabetes (PreD) and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2T) based on depersonalized data of individuals who have these diagnoses confirmed in the national epidemiological study NATION.METHODS: The express method of prediabetes (PreD) and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2T) risks has been created, validated and proposed for clinical usage for the first time in the Russian Federation, it was based of NATION epidemiologic study database (more than 26 000 participants). The following mathematical instruments have been used: mathematic modelling, main components methodology, binary variables, correlation analysis and single-factor analysis of variance.RESULTS: Highest coefficients of logistic regression for PreD (p<0.05) were identified for age — ≥52 years old for women and ≥59 years old for men (1,48); body mass index ≥31 (0.75); waist circumference ≥100 сm for women and ≥112 cm for men (0.90). In the same time coefficients for DM2T were for for age — ≥52 years old for women and ≥59 years old for men (1,24); body mass index ≥31 (1,19), high blood fasting glucose analysis in the past (1,37); waist circumference / hip circumference ratio ≥0.85 for women and ≥0.92 for men (1,05), high blood pressure (0.69). Correlation coefficients were taken into account and score has been used for specialized questionnaire creation. Sensitivity and specificity for PreD were 83,8% and 59,3% accordingly, for DM2T — 85,4% and 73,6% accordingly. DM2T may be suspected when total score of questionnaire is 11 and higher, and PreD — when total score will be ≥7 and <11.CONCLUSIONS: The calculator based on questionnaire (DIARISK) allows to separate of potential patient for PreD and DM2T confirmation during first examination or dispanserization. A patent for innovation has been issued.
IRAK inhibitor can improve insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant mice fed with a high-fat diet
Authors: Allahyari Mostafa , Rajaie Athena , Fallah Hossein 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Obesity and the inflammation associated with it, play a key role in the development of insulin resistance through the release of inflammatory cytokines and free fatty acids and the stimulation of toll-like receptors (TLR). Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK), which mediates the activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway, is an important molecule in TLR signaling. The NF-κB pathway can reduce insulin efficacy by increasing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. There is no safe inhibitor for the NF-κB pathway, and for this reason, the upper mediator of this pathway was selected for investigation.

Objectives
To determine the effects of an IRAK inhibitor on insulin resistance and serum biochemical factors in high-fat-fed insulin-resistant mice.

Methods
Insulin resistance was developed in C57BL/6J mice by 12 weeks of a high-fat diet. Subsequently, the IRAK 1/4 inhibitor 1-(2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl)-2-(3-nitrobenzoylamino)benzimidazole (IRAKi)/or pioglitazone, or both, were administered for a further 2 weeks. After 12 h fasting, blood and tissue samples were collected, insulin and glucose levels were assayed, and the homeostatic model assessment was used to quantify insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).

Results
The IRAKi decreased blood glucose levels significantly (253 ± 14.3 mg/dL vs 390.1 ± 16.6 mg/dL) and increased insulin sensitivity compared with untreated controls. However, we did not find a synergistic effect of IRAKi with pioglitazone in increasing insulin sensitivity.

Conclusion
IRAKis can increase insulin sensitivity and their efficacy is comparable to pioglitazone. However, combined administration of pioglitazone and IRAKi had no synergistic effect compared with monotherapy.
TK-PUL, a pullulan hydrolase type III from Thermococcus kodakarensis, a potential candidate for simultaneous liquefaction and saccharification of starch
Authors: Toor Khurram Jahangir , Ahmad Nasir , Muhammad Majida Atta , Rashid Naeem 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
TK-PUL, a novel thermo-acidophilic pullulanase from Thermococcus kodakarensis and a unique member of glycoside hydrolase family GH13 was successfully produced in Escherichia coli grown by fed batch culture in a fermenter and partially purified by simple heat treatment. Specific activity of partially purified TK-PUL was 28 U/mg. Corn starch was successfully liquefied and saccharified using this single enzyme at pH 4.2. Simultaneous liquefaction and saccharification of corn starch by TK-PUL was comparable to Termamyl, a commercially available starch-hydrolyzing industrial enzyme. Both enzymes efficiently hydrolysed corn starch into sugar syrups having major proportions of maltose. TK-PUL performs efficiently at the natural pH of starch (~4.5) in the absence of any metal ions, hence is a potential candidate for starch industry.
Study on the characteristics of secondary arc current of UHV high compensation degree TCSC line under the fine-tuning mode
Authors: He Baina , Xie Yadi , Zhang Jingru , Nair Nirmal-Kumar C. , He Xingmin , Dong Yanchen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the transmission line, the series compensation device is often used to improve the transmission capacity. However, when the fixed series capacitor (FSC) is used in high compensation series compensation device, the stability margin cannot meet the requirements. Therefore, thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC) is often installed in transmission lines to improve the transmission capacity of the line and the stability of the system. For cost considerations, the hybrid compensation mode of FSC and TCSC is often adopted. However, when a single-phase grounding fault occurs in a transmission line with increased series compensation degree, the unreasonable distribution of FSC and TCSC will lead to the excessive amplitude of secondary arc current, which is not conducive to rapid arc extinguishing. To solve this problem, this paper is based on 1000 kV Changzhi-Nanyang-Jingmen UHV series compensation transmission system, using PSCAD simulation program to established UHV series compensation simulation model, The variation law of secondary arc current and recovery voltage during operation in fine tuning mode after adding TCSC to UHV transmission line is analyzed, and the effect of increasing series compensation degree on secondary arc current and recovery voltage characteristics is studied. And analyze the secondary arc current and recovery voltage when using different FSC and TCSC series compensation degree schemes, and get the most reasonable series compensation configuration scheme. The results show that TCSC compensation is more beneficial to arc extinguishing under the same series compensation. Compared with several series compensation schemes, it is found that with the increase of the proportion of TCSC, the amplitude of secondary arc current and recovery voltage vary greatly. Considering various factors, the scheme that is more conducive to accelerating arc extinguishing is chosen.
GPS measurements on pre-, co- and post-seismic surface deformation at first multi-parametric geophysical observatory, Ghuttu in Garhwal Himalaya, India
Authors: Gautam P.K. , Rajesh S. , Kumar N. , Dabral C.P. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We investigate the surface deformation pattern of GPS station at MPGO Ghuttu (GHUT) to find out the cause of anomalous behavior in the continuous GPS time series. Seven years (2007-2013) of GPS data has been analyzed using GAMIT/GLOBK software and generated the daily position time series. The horizontal translational motion at GHUT is 43.7 ± 1 mm/yr at an angle of 41°± 3° towards NE, while for the IGS station at LHAZ, the motion is 49.4 ±1 mm/yr at 18 ± 2.5° towards NEE. The estimated velocity at GHUT station with respect to IISC is 12 ± 1 mm/yr towards SW. Besides, we have also examined anomalous changes in the time series of GHUT before, after and during the occurrences of local earthquakes by considering the empirical strain radius; such that, a possible relationship between the strain radius and the occurrences of earthquakes have been explored. We considered seven local earthquakes on the basis of Dobrovolsky strain radius condition having magnitude from 4.5 to 5.7, which occurred from 2007 to 2011. Results show irrespective of the station strain radius, pre-seismic surface deformational anomalies are observed roughly 70 to 80 days before the occurrence of a Moderate or higher magnitude events. This has been observed for the cases of those events originated from the Uttarakashi and the Chamoli seismic zones in the Garhwal and Kumaun Himalaya. Occurrences of short (< 100 days) and long (two years) inter-seismic events in the Garhwal region plausibly regulating and diffusing the regional strain accumulation.
The role of makorin ring finger protein-3, kisspeptin, and neurokinin B in the physiology of minipuberty
Authors: Atay Enver , Kılınç Suna , Ulfer Gozde , Yigitbasi Turkan , Cakici Cagri , Turan Murat , Ceran Omer , Atay Zeynep 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
There is no data regarding the interrelationships of circulating Makorin Ring Finger Protein-3 (MKRN3), Kisspeptin (KISS1), and Neurokinin B (NKB) concentrations during minipuberty in humans.

Objective
To determine temporal changes in circulating concentrations of MKRN3, KISS1, NKB, and gonadotropins and investigate interrelationships between them in healthy full-term (FT) and preterm (PT) infants during minipuberty period.

Methods
A prospective study of 6-month follow-up performed. Eighty-seven healthy newborns, 48 FT (19 boys/29 girls), and 39 PT (21 boys/18 girls) (gestational age 31–37 weeks), were included. Blood samples were taken at 7 days (D7), 2 months (M2), and 6 months (M6) of age. Serum MKRN3, KISS1, NKB, LH, FSH, total testosterone (TT), and estradiol (E2) concentrations were measured.

Results
Seventy infants completed the study. MKRN3, KISS1, and NKB concentrations were similar in FT girls and boys. PT boys and girls also had similar concentrations of MKRN3, KISS1, and NKB. FT babies had significantly higher NKB concentrations than PT babies at D7, M2, and M6. MKRN3 and KISS1 concentrations do not differ between FT and PT babies. A strong positive correlation was found between MKRN3 and KISS1 at each time point and in all groups. FSH, LH, TT/E2 concentrations decrease while those of MKRN3 and KISS1 have a trend to increase toward the end of minipuberty. No correlation was detected between gonadotropins and MKRN3, KISS1, NKB concentrations.

Conclusion
Strong positive correlation demonstrated between KISS1 and MKRN3 suggests that interrelationship between molecules controlling minipuberty is not similar to those at puberty.
Blowing specific words: verbal charms as material suspended events
Authors: Siragusa Laura , Zhukova Ol’ga Yu. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article undermines the actuality of a strict boundary between language and materiality by presenting verbal charms (puheged,vajhed/pakitasin Vepsian) among Veps, an Indigenous minority group of Northwest Russia. Vepsian verbal charms are ritualized ways of speaking that are customarily used to prompt a change in both human beings and environments in very tangible ways. When observing how they are conceived, distributed, and performed among Veps, the rigid separation between “material” and “immaterial” realms begins to be felt as an artificial construction, since Veps understand that in the act of “blowing” air accompanied by the recitation of “specific words,” human and often non-human agencies join forces to promote changes in people and the environment. This paper engages not only with the academic interest in the material intersections between language and the world (see, Cavanaugh and Shankar 2017; Keane 2008a; Wiener 2013, to name a few), but also aims to reframe the notion of “event” as a transformative and suspended encounter between human and often non-human agencies (Kapferer 2015) and thus deepen our understanding of what living relationally might entail.
Integrated and spectrally selective thermal emitters enabled by layered metamaterials
Authors: Gong Yongkang , Li Kang , Copner Nigel , Liu Heng , Zhao Meng , Zhang Bo , Pusch Andreas , Huffaker Diana L. , Oh Sang Soon 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Nanophotonic engineering of light–matter interaction at subwavelength scale allows thermal radiation that is fundamentally different from that of traditional thermal emitters and provides exciting opportunities for various thermal-photonic applications. We propose a new kind of integrated and electrically controlled thermal emitter that exploits layered metamaterials with lithography-free and dielectric/metallic nanolayers. We demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally that the proposed concept can create a strong photonic bandgap in the visible regime and allow small impedance mismatch at the infrared wavelengths, which gives rise to optical features of significantly enhanced emissivity at the broad infrared wavelengths of 1.4–14 μm as well as effectively suppressed emissivity in the visible region. The electrically driven metamaterial devices are optically and thermally stable at temperatures up to ∼800 K with electro-optical conversion efficiency reaching ∼30%. We believe that the proposed high-efficiency thermal emitters will pave the way toward integrated infrared light source platforms for various thermal-photonic applications and particularly provide a novel alternative for cost-effective, compact, low glare, and energy-efficient infrared heating.
Electrically injected parity-time symmetric distributed feedback laser diodes (DFB) for telecom applications
Authors: Brac de la Perrière Vincent , Gaimard Quentin , Benisty Henri , Ramdane Abderrahim , Lupu Anatole 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The new paradigm of parity-time symmetry in quantum mechanics has readily been applied in the field of optics with numerous demonstrations of exotic properties in photonic systems. In this work, we report on the implementation of single frequency electrically injected distributed feedback (DFB) laser diodes based on parity-time symmetric dual gratings in a standard ridge waveguide configuration. We demonstrate enhanced modal discrimination for these devices as compared with index or gain coupled ones, fabricated in the same technology run. Optical transmission probing experiments further show asymmetric amplification in the light propagation confirming the parity-time symmetry signature of unidirectional light behavior. Another asset of these complex coupled devices is further highlighted in terms of robustness to optical feedback.
Crystal structure of N,N′-(2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl)bis(pyridine-2-aldimine)-κ
5
N,N′,N′′,N′′′,O]-tris(nitrato-κ
2
O,O′) cerium(III), C15H16CeN7O10
Authors: Bai Wen-Jing , Jia Mei-Ye , Nie Feng-Mei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
C15H16CeN7O10, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 7.8762(12) Å, b = 21.330(3) Å, c = 13.181(2) Å, β = 99.536(2)∘, V = 2183.8(6) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0285, wRref
(F
2) = 0.0523, T = 103 K.