bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parallel exploration via negatively correlated search
Authors: Yang Peng , Yang Qi , Tang Ke , Yao Xin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEffective exploration is key to a successful search process. The recently proposed negatively correlated search (NCS) tries to achieve this by coordinated parallel exploration, where a set of search processes are driven to be negatively correlated so that different promising areas of the search space can be visited simultaneously. Despite successful applications of NCS, the negatively correlated search behaviors were mostly devised by intuition, while deeper (e.g., mathematical) understanding is missing. In this paper, a more principled NCS, namely NCNES, is presented, showing that the parallel exploration is equivalent to a process of seeking probabilistic models that both lead to solutions of high quality and are distant from previous obtained probabilistic models. Reinforcement learning, for which exploration is of particular importance, are considered for empirical assessment. The proposed NCNES is applied to directly train a deep convolution network with 1.7 million connection weights for playing Atari games. Empirical results show that the significant advantages of NCNES, especially on games with uncertain and delayed rewards, can be highly owed to the effective parallel exploration ability.
Post-Induction Treatment for Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Something Change?
Authors: Jaramillo Sonia , Schlenk Richard F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Until recently, improvement in terms of survival for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was achieved mostly in younger patients with dose intensification of conventional chemotherapy and a broadening use of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) whereas the results remained dismal and very stable in patients older than 60 years. The current review highlights the recent developments in standard intensive post-remission chemotherapy, evidence for the use of recently approved agents, and discusses the relevance of measurable residual disease (MRD) measurement in treatment adaptation.

Recent Findings
Current approvals of midostaurin, venetoclax, gemtuzumab ozogamicin, VYXEOS, ivosidenib, enasidenib, glasdegib, and CC-486 have changed the structure, aim, and schedule of consolidation therapy, and new, well-tolerated agents are being evaluated as maintenance therapies. Furthermore, MRD assessment has been implemented to guide the duration and type of consolidation and maintenance therapy as well as indicate the optimal timing of allo-HCT.

Summary
Novel therapies have changed the structure and perspective of post-remission therapy in AML for both young and elderly patients. In addition, MRD assessment could guide the type, duration, and intensity of consolidation and maintenance therapy.
WEE1 Inhibitor: Clinical Development
Authors: Kong Anthony , Mehanna Hisham 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
WEE1 inhibitor has been shown to potential chemotherapy or radiotherapy sensitivity in preclinical models, particularly in p53-mutated or deficient cancer cells although not exclusively. Here, we review the clinical development of WEE1 inhibitor in combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy as well as its combination with different novel agents.

Recent Findings
Although several clinical trials have shown that WEE1 inhibitor can be safely combined with different chemotherapy agents as well as radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy, its clinical development has been hampered by the higher rate of grade 3 toxicities when added to standard treatments. A few clinical trials had also been conducted to test WEE1 inhibitor using TP53 mutation as a predictive biomarker. However, TP53 mutation has not been shown to be the most reliable predictive biomarker and the benefit of adding WEE1 inhibitor to chemotherapy has been modest, even in TP53 biomarker-driven studies.

Summary
There are ongoing clinical trials testing WEE1 inhibitor with novel agents such as ATR and PAPR inhibitors as well as anti-PDL1 immunotherapy, which may better define the role of WEE1 inhibitor in the future if any of the novel treatment combination will show superior anti-tumor efficacy with a good safety profile compared to monotherapy and/or standard treatment.
Defense Sector Politics
Authors: Grimes Collin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOwnership and control of defense industrial firms affords the military power, autonomy, and a claim to economic rents. Why do some countries succeed at shifting some or all such firms from military to civilian ownership and control, while others do not? I argue that differing configurations of relative civilian and military coalitional and institutional strength contribute to outcomes. Civilian and military must find party and executive-branch allies who can compete for them to craft or defeat legislation affecting their interests, but coalition building alone is insufficient. Actors must also cultivate executive bureaucratic institutions able to design and implement policies promoting their interests. How coalitions and institutions form, ossify, or fail to develop is assessed through a comparative study of Chile, Argentina (1983–1989), and Argentina (1989–1997).
Beyond Psychological Safety – the Role of Direct Supervisor Behavior in Fostering Learning from Errors at the Workplace
Authors: Smeets Laura , Gijselaers Wim H. , Meuwissen Roger H. G. , Grohnert Therese 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study explores how direct supervisors can hinder or enhance how professionals learn from their errors. Extant research has often focused on psychological safety as the main condition for this kind of learning to take place. We expand prior research by exploring which behaviors of direct supervisors effectively facilitate learning from errors in concert with psychological safety. We conducted semi-structured interviews among 23 professionals to gain detailed insights into their thoughts, needs, and the difficulties they encounter. Through content analysis, we identified four critical supervisor behaviors that participants viewed as facilitating learning from errors next to fostering a psychologically safe work environment: (1) providing timely feedback, (2) guidance and elaborate feedback, (3) being accessible and personally involved, (4) organizing joint evaluations. Based on our findings, recommendations are formulated for supervisors that aim to facilitate professionals’ learning from errors and their professional development.
Neue Therapiemöglichkeiten des bullösen Pemphigoids
Authors: Griss Johannes 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDas bullöse Pemphigoid ist die häufigste autoimmun-blasenbildende Hauterkrankung. Es betrifft fast ausschließlich Patienten im fortgeschrittenen Alter und damit eine von vornherein vulnerable Patientenpopulation. Aufgrund seiner laufend steigenden Inzidenz wird das bullöse Pemphigoid zu einer immer größeren Belastung für Gesundheitssysteme. In dieser Arbeit sollen die primären klinischen Erscheinungsformen des bullösen Pemphigoids und deren Diagnostik besprochen werden. Der Schwerpunkt liegt jedoch in einer Übersicht bestehender Therapien und der Studienlage zu deren Wirksamkeit. Gerade für schwere Verläufe stellt neuerdings eine Therapie mit Rituximab einen großen Fortschritt in den therapeutischen Möglichkeiten dar. Abschließend werden die Daten einer IgE-Blockade mit Omalizumab bzw. mit einer Blockade von IL-4/IL-13 mittels Dupilumab vorgestellt. Diese neuen Therapien zeigen bereits eine vielversprechende Wirksamkeit und sind spannende Optionen zur Behandlung dieser immer häufiger werdenden Erkrankung.
Wie Hautalterung und Hautkrebs zusammenhängen
Authors: Posch Christian 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahren hat die Wissenschaft um biologische Prozesse der (Haut‑)Alterung enorm an Fahrt aufgenommen. Alterung und die damit assoziierten Erkrankungen werden nicht mehr als unausweichliches Schicksal angesehen, sondern als ein hochkomplexes System, in das dank moderner Technologien Einblick genommen werden kann und das zum Vorteil der Gesundheit manipuliert werden kann. Botox und Filler haben im Feld der Biogerontologie keinen Stellenwert, denn es geht um grundlegende biochemische Mechanismen der zellulären und organismalen Alterung – und deren Eindämmung. Der nachfolgende Artikel bewegt sich im Spannungsfeld einiger typischer Charakteristika des Alterns und der Karzinogenese mit dem Ziel, Gemeinsamkeiten und Überlappungen aufzuzeigen, die in Zukunft medizinisch genutzt werden könnten. Hierbei müssen gesamtgesundheitliche Ansätze, die vor allem das Ziel der Tumorvorbeugung haben, von individuellen Therapiekonzepten unterschieden werden, die das Ziel verfolgen, eine manifeste Hauttumorerkrankung zu behandeln. Beide Konzepte haben ihren Stellenwert. Vier Kernelemente der (Haut‑)Alterung sollen genauer beleuchtet werden: genomische Instabilität, epigenetische Modifikationen, Seneszenz und gestörte interzelluläre Kommunikation.
Innovation intensity and skills in firms across five European countries
Authors: Falk Martin , Hagsten Eva 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study attempts to establish the importance of specific formally achieved higher skills for the innovation intensity in firms across a group of European countries. Innovation expenditures are calculated as the ratio to turnover and the main explanatory variable is the proportion of highly skilled employees (tertiary education in ICT-oriented or other fields). The analysis employs official data on innovation activities (Community Innovation Survey) in firms for the period 2004–2010, linked to registers on education and businesses as well as to the Structural Business Statistics including 34,000 observations. Estimation results show a strong significantly positive relationship between the innovation intensity and the proportion of highly ICT skilled employees. Higher skills outside the field of ICT are also important for the innovation activities. Control variables reveal that the innovation intensity significantly increases with joint national and EU funding while the role of firm age varies. The significant and negative link to firm size reveals a lack of advantages of scale, a finding possibly related to the use of a comprehensive measure of innovation activities. There are also indications that industry affiliation is essential for the innovation intensity.
Exploring persuasion knowledge in food advertising: an empirical analysis
Authors: Mohr Svenja , Kühl Rainer 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFood purchase decisions are characterized by habitual purchase behavior and low consumer involvement. The main aim of food marketing is to influence food consumers, for example, through advertising. In order to illustrate the interaction between consumers and marketers, Friestad and Wright (1994) developed the Persuasion Knowledge Model. The Persuasion Knowledge Model postulates that consumers’ dealing with persuasion attempts depends on three knowledge factors: persuasion, agent, and topic knowledge. In this paper, we apply the Persuasion Knowledge Model to food advertising. Based on an online survey with German students (n = 420), a structural equation analysis is used to investigate how persuasion knowledge determinants influence food consumers’ avoidance of the persuasion attempt which is presented as a hypothetical but typical food advertisement. Results show that the dependent variable beliefs about consumers’ avoidance of the persuasion attempt is negatively influenced by consumers’ beliefs about psychological mediators in the advertisement and by consumers’ beliefs about the appropriateness and effectiveness of the persuasion tactic. The determinant consumers’ beliefs about persuasion coping goals and tactics positively influences consumers’ avoidance of the persuasion attempt. From these findings, we derive recommendations for food industry advertisers and consumer education.
Culture vs. distance: comparing the effects of geographic segmentation variables on tourists’ destination images based on social media data
Authors: Wu Mengtong , Jiang Chao , Zhang Yi , Cao Jingjing , Cheng Ying , Liu Yu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCulture and distance are two major factors for geographically segmenting tourists in tourism marketing and advertising. Previous empirical studies on the destination image, however, have examined extensively the effect of the culture while inadequately the effect of the distance, let alone comparing the effects of the two variables. Using social media data, this study compares the effect of distance-based segments of tourists with that of culture-based segments in producing diverse perceived images of a destination. From Sina Weibo data, 282,532 Chinese mainland tourists who visited Suzhou, China during 2012–2016 and their perceived destination images are extracted and analyzed. The main results include: 1) for distance-based segments, the image differences increased with distance and the short-haul tourists perceived a more comprehensive image than the long-haul tourists; 2) for culture-based segments, the image differences were clear and relatively complex, while tourists from Wuyue cultural region had similar image perceptions with the local visitors; 3) the q-statistic of the Geodetector method shows that the culture-based segmentation can explain 65.8% of image variations while the distance-based segmentation can explain 46.6% of image variations, suggesting that culture is a more appropriate variable to segment the tourism market.
Weight Loss Through Bariatric Surgery in Men Presents Beneficial Effects on Sexual Function, Symptoms of Testosterone Deficiency, and Hormonal Profile
Authors: Machado Felipe Pioner , Rhoden Ernani Luis , Pioner Sérgio Ricardo , Halmenschlager Graziele , de Souza Luis Vinicius Bastos , Lisot Bruno Chao , Drachler Igor Pires 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Male obesity has a negative correlation with plasma testosterone (T) levels and sexual function (SF).

Aim
To evaluate the effect of weight loss through bariatric surgery (BS) on SF, low T symptoms, and hormonal profiles in obese men.

Methods
Thirty-three men who underwent BS participated in this cohort study. Before surgery, all participants underwent clinical examinations, including anthropometric, lipid, glycemic, and hormonal evaluations. SF was evaluated using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire; low T symptoms were evaluated using the Aging Males’ Symptoms (AMS) and Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Male (ADAM) questionnaires. The participants were reevaluated 6 months post-surgery.

Main outcome measures
Sex hormone profile, SF, and low T symptoms

Results
After BS, a significant increase in mean total T (201 ± 111–548 ± 190 ng/dL, P &lt; .001), free T (5.8 ± 2.8–9.3 ± 3.4 ng/dL, P &lt; .001), bioavailable T (110.3 ± 57.8–198.6 ± 74.3 ng/dL, P &lt; .001), and sexual hormone-binding globulin (19.8 ± 13.7–54.6 ± 23.2 nmol/L, P &lt; .001) levels. There was a significant decrease in estradiol (64.6 ± 27.4–29.2 ± 20.0 [pg/mL], P &lt; .001). SF significantly improved. The total IIEF score increased 5.2 points (62.3 ± 7.4–67.5 ± 7.4, P = .004), erectile function subdomain increased 2.4 points (25.7 ± 4.1–28.1 ± 3.9, P = .011), desire subdomain increased 1.0 points (8.3 ± 1.5–9.3 ± 1.6, P = .006), and intercourse satisfaction subdomain increased 1.2 points (11.4 ± 1.9–12.6 ± 1.8, P = .012). Post-surgery, a 44% reduction (P = .001) was observed in the positive ADAM questionnaire, and improvements in all domains of the AMS questionnaire were found (P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
Significant weight loss through BS improves erectile function, hormonal profile, and symptoms of T deficiency.
Machado FP, Rhoden EL, Pioner SR, et al. Weight Loss Through Bariatric Surgery in Men Presents Beneficial Effects on Sexual Function, Symptoms of Testosterone Deficiency, and Hormonal Profile. Sex Med 2021;9:100400.
The Relationship Between Hematologic Parameters and Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Liao Zhangcheng , Tang Yuxin , Li Xiucheng , Li Dongjie 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Certain hematologic parameters related to blood cells, known as the biomarkers that predict cardiovascular disease, might be potential predictors of erectile dysfunction (ED) due to the shared pathophysiology between ED and cardiovascular disease .

Aim
To investigate the relationship between ED and these hematologic parameters and the clinical significance of hematologic parameters for the diagnosis of ED.

Methods
A total of 113 male patients diagnosed with ED were included in this study. Blood samples were collected before 10:00 AM for blood cells examination, biochemical tests, and sex hormone analysis. Another 212 healthy controls without ED from the health management center was included as the control group. The relationship between hematologic parameters and ED was assessed by comparing differences in body mass index (BMI), biochemical indexes and hematologic parameters between the 2 groups, and the diagnostic value of hematologic parameters for ED was also examined and compared.

Main outcome measures
International Index of Erectile Function, hematologic parameters

Results
The neutrophil count (NC), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in ED patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls, whereas the lymphocyte count (LC) was significantly lower than that in healthy controls. After adjusting for age, BMI, uric acid (UA), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), increases in the NC, NLR, and PLR and a decrease in the LC were shown to be independent risk factors for ED. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the NLR exhibited better diagnostic performance for ED than the other parameters.

Conclusion
Increases in the NC, NLR, and PLR and a decrease in the LC significantly increased the risk of ED. The NC, LC, NLR and PLR could contribute to the diagnosis and assessment of ED. Zhangcheng L, Yuxin T, Xiucheng L and Dongjie L, et al. The Relationship Between Hematologic Parameters and Erectile Dysfunction. Sex Med 2021;9:100401.
Sildenafil Citrate and Risk of Biochemical Recurrence in Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Radiation Therapy: Post-Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Haseltine Justin M. , Hopkins Margaret , Schofield Elizabeth , Kollmeier Marisa A. , Shasha Daniel , Gorovets Daniel , McBride Sean M. , Mulhall John P. , Zelefsky Michael J. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
Sildenafil citrate has been shown to be protective of sexual function when given concurrently and following prostate radiation therapy (RT), but some evidence suggests an increased biochemical recurrence (BCR) risk in patients taking sildenafil after radical prostatectomy.

Aim
To evaluate whether sildenafil use is associated with increased risk of BCR in patients receiving prostate RT, we performed a secondary analysis of a randomized placebo-controlled trial (RPCT) that compared sildenafil citrate to placebo during and after prostate RT.

Methods
The study population consisted of prostate cancer patients who initiated radiation treatment at our institution and participated in our multi-institutional RPCT that compared 6 months of sildenafil 50 mg once a day to placebo with a 24-month follow-up. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was allowed. Prostate cancer prognostic risk grouping was not an exclusion criterion, but most study participants had low- or intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Statistical analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier plots and log-rank testing.

Outcomes
The primary outcomes of this report were biochemical recurrence and overall survival rates, where BCR was defined according to the Phoenix definition.

RESULTS
Data of 162 men were analyzed. Nine men had inadequate PSA follow-up and the remaining 153 men were included in the final report. Median age was 61 years. At a median follow-up of 8.3 years (range: 3.0–12.2), 5/94 (5.3%) and 2/59 (3.4%) patients developed BCR in the sildenafil and placebo groups, respectively. The 6-year BCR-free survival was 98.8% for all patients, 98.1% for the sildenafil cohort, and 100% for the placebo cohort. The 10-year BCR-free survival was 94.4% for all patients, 95.6% for the sildenafil cohort, and 92.9% for the placebo cohort. There was no difference in BCR-free survival between the sildenafil and placebo groups by log-rank comparison (p = 0.36).

Clinical implications
This analysis informs clinical decision making about the safety of using sildenafil during and after prostate RT.

Strengths and limitations
This study included patients who were treated in the setting of a prospective, randomized placebo-controlled trial, and who attained high medication compliance. However, the study was limited by the post-hoc nature of the analysis, use of ADT in some patients, inadequate study power to detect a difference in BCR between sildenafil and placebo groups.

CONCLUSION
Prophylactic sildenafil citrate was not associated with biochemical recurrence risk in prostate cancer patients treated with radiation. However, the study was inadequately powered to definitively conclude a negative finding.
Multiple correlation sequences not approximable by nilsequences
Authors: BRIËT JOP , GREEN BEN 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe show that there is a measure-preserving system
$(X,\mathscr {B}, \mu , T)$
together with functions
$F_0, F_1, F_2 \in L^{\infty }(\mu )$
such that the correlation sequence
$C_{F_0, F_1, F_2}(n) = \int _X F_0 \cdot T^n F_1 \cdot T^{2n} F_2 \, d\mu $
is not an approximate integral combination of
$2$
-step nilsequences.
EVALUATION OF CONVOLUTION SUMS AND FORk = a · b= 21, 33, AND 35
Authors: PUSHPA K. , VASUKI K. R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe article focuses on the evaluation of convolution sums$${W_k}(n): = \mathop \sum \nolimits_{_{m < {n \over k}}} \sigma (m)\sigma (n - km)$$involving the sum of divisor function$$\sigma (n)$$fork=21, 33, and 35. In this article, our aim is to obtain certain Eisenstein series of level 21 and use them to evaluate the convolution sums for level 21. We also make use of the existing Eisenstein series identities for level 33 and 35 in evaluating the convolution sums for level 33 and 35. Most of the convolution sums were evaluated using the theory of modular forms, whereas we have devised a technique which is free from the theory of modular forms. As an application, we determine a formula for the number of representations of a positive integernby the octonary quadratic form$$(x_1^2 + {x_1}{x_2} + ax_2^2 + x_3^2 + {x_3}{x_4} + ax_4^2) + b(x_5^2 + {x_5}{x_6} + ax_6^2 + x_7^2 + {x_7}{x_8} + ax_8^2)$$, for (a, b)=(1, 7), (1, 11), (2, 3), and (2, 5).
The restricted Burnside problem for Moufang loops
Authors: GRISHKOV ALEXANDER , SABININA LIUDMILA , ZELMANOV EFIM 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe prove that for positive integers
$m \geq 1, n \geq 1$
and a prime number
$p \neq 2,3$
there are finitely many finite m-generated Moufang loops of exponent
$p^n$
.
A note on the four-dimensional clasp number of knots
Authors: FELLER PETER , PARK JUNGHWAN 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAmong the knots that are the connected sum of two torus knots with cobordism distance 1, we characterise those that have 4-dimensional clasp number at least 2, and we show that their n-fold connected self-sum has 4-dimensional clasp number at least 2n. Our proof works in the topological category. To contrast this, we build a family of topologically slice knots for which the n-fold connected self-sum has 4-ball genus n and 4-dimensional clasp number at least 2n.