bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Divergent responses of biomass accumulation and its allocation to the altered precipitation regimes among different degraded grasslands in China
Authors: Yang Tianxue , Chen Junda , Zhong Xiaoyue , Yang Xuechen , Wang Gui , Yao Yuan , Sternberg Marcelo , Sun Wei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose Climate models predict shifts in precipitation patterns characterized by increased precipitation amount and decreased frequency for semi-arid grasslands in northeast China. However, under these novel climatic conditions, potential differences in plant biomass and its allocation among different degraded grasslands remain unclear.Methods We conducted a mesocosm experiment to test the effects of higher precipitation amount (increased by 50% from the long-term mean) and lower frequency (decreased by 50%) on plant biomass and allocation in the lightly degraded (LDG), moderately degraded (MDG), and severely degraded grasslands (SDG).Results Lower precipitation frequency promoted belowground biomass (BGB), while reducing aboveground biomass (AGB) allocation through enhancing soil water variability. Higher precipitation amount enhanced AGB in LDG and MDG, but not in SDG due to less soil inorganic nitrogen. Lower precipitation frequency weakened the positive effects of higher precipitation amount on biomass. Under altered precipitation, adjustment of AGB vs. BGB allocation was the primary biomass allocation strategy in LDG and SDG. However, to maintain water acquirement, plants in MDG preferred to adjust root vertical distribution, and allocated more roots to the deep soil layer where had a relatively stable water source. This strategy was driven by the changes in plant community composition of the dominant species in MDG.Conclusions The findings of this research emphasized the importance of considering the degradation level of grasslands when predicting the responses of the ecosystem functions to the projected changes in precipitation regime. These findings are critical for making feasible decisions for the sustainable management of degraded grasslands.
White matter variability, cognition, and disorders: a systematic review.
Authors: Forkel Stephanie J. , Friedrich Patrick , de Schotten Michel Thiebaut , Howells Henrietta 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Inter-individual differences can inform treatment procedures and - if accounted for - have the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes. However, when studying brain anatomy, these inter-individual variations are commonly unaccounted for, despite reports of differences in gross anatomical features, cross-sectional and connectional anatomy. Brain connections are essential to facilitate functional organisation and, when severed, cause impairments or complete loss of function. Hence the study of cerebral white matter may be an ideal compromise to capture inter-individual variability in structure and function. We reviewed the wealth of studies that associate functions and clinical symptoms with individual tracts using diffusion tractography. Our systematic review indicates that tractography has proven to be a sensitive method in neurology, psychiatry and healthy populations to identify variability and its functional correlates. However, the literature may be biased, as we determined that the most commonly studied tracts are not necessarily those with the highest sensitivity to cognitive functions and pathologies. Additionally, the side of the studied tract is often unreported, thus neglecting functional laterality and hemispheric asymmetries. Finally, we demonstrate that tracts, as we define them, are not usually correlated with only one, but rather multiple cognitive domains or pathologies. While our systematic review identified some methodological caveats, it also suggests that tract-function correlations might be a promising biomarker for precision medicine. It characterises variations in brain anatomy, differences in functional organisation, and predicting resilience or recovery in patients.
Mathematical modeling shows that ball-rolling dung beetles can use dances to avoid competition
Authors: Yin Zhanyuan , Zinn-Brooks Leif 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Ball-rolling dung beetles shape a portion of dung into a ball and roll it away from the dung pile for later burial and consumption. These beetles perform dances (rotations and pauses) atop their dung balls in order to choose an initial rolling direction and to correct their rolling direction (reorient). Previous mathematical modeling showed that dung beetles can use reorientation to move away from the dung pile more efficiently. In this work, we study if reorientation can help beetles avoid competition (i.e., avoid having their dung balls captured), and if so, under what circumstances? This is investigated by implementing a model with two different type of beetles, a roller with a dung ball and a searcher which seeks to capture that dung ball. We show that reorientation can help rollers avoid searchers in a wide range of conditions, but that there are some circumstances in which rolling without reorienting can be a beetle's optimal strategy. We also show that rollers can minimize the probability that their dung ball is captured without making precise measurements of the time interval between dances or the angular deviation for dances.
Distribution of Nutrients and Chlorophyll-a in coastal waters and mesotidal estuary of Ilaje, Ondo state, South Western, Nigeria.
Authors: Oyatola Opeyemi Otolorin , Nubi Olubunmi Ayoola , Popoola Samuel Olatunde , Adekunbi Falilu Olaiwola , Unyimadu John Paul 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The nutrients (nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and silicate) of thirty-two stations in Ilaje, coastal waters and estuaries of Ondo state, Nigeria were studied in the month of August (during the wet season). The stations consist of two estuaries; Awoye (A1-A6), Abereke (AB1-AB7), anthropogenic impacted stations (I1-I12) and control stations (C1-C7). The aim of this study is to evaluate the eutrophication status of Ilaje coastal waters and estuaries in response to the stress caused by anthropogenic inputs from land use changes, agriculture, and industrial effluents. Our study reveal highest nitrate (3.20-6.98 mg/l) and phosphate (11.59-17.48mg/L) concentrations at the Abereke Estuaries. The significant correlation of nitrate with chlorophyll-a (p<0.01, r= +0.886) and the low N/P (<0.25) ratio suggest that nitrate is the primary limiting nutrient for phytoplankton production, and accounted for the high chlorophyll-a concentrations in the study area. The strong correlation of nitrite and silicate from the statistical bi-plots at the impacted stations, and the accompanied lowest dissolved oxygen (<5 mg/L) and acidic pH (<6) values suggest nitrite and silicate are sourced from anthropogenic effluents. The mean nitrite concentrations of 0.13mg/L at the impacted stations above the maximum permissible limit of nitrite (0.06 mg/L) for Tilapia production suggest an unfavorable environment for the Tilapia growth at the impacted stations. The chlorophyll-a concentrations scale further showed that the study area is characterized as bad eutrophication status (> 2.21 µg/L) an indication of the presence of heterogeneous phytoplankton community during the wet season. The study highlights the use of nutrients and chlorophyll-a scaling to determine the eutrophication status of coastal area.
Lithospheric thinning due to hydration and
melting at oceanic transform plate boundaries
Authors: Wang Zhikai , Singh Satish , Prigent Cecile , Gregory Emma , Marjanovic Milena 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Transform plate boundaries, one of the key elements of plate tectonics, accommodate lateral motions and produce large earthquakes, but their nature at depth remains enigmatic. Using ultra-long offset seismic data, here we report the presence of a low-velocity anomaly extending down to ~60 km depth beneath the Romanche transform fault in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Our result indicates the presence of deep penetration of water leading to extensive serpentinization down to 16 km, followed by a shear mylonite zone down to 32 km over a low-temperature water induced-melting zone, elevating the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary and hence thinning the lithosphere significantly beneath the transform fault. The presence of a thinned lithosphere and the melt underneath could lead to volcanism, migration and mixing of the water-induced melt with the high-temperature melt beneath the ridge axis, and small-scale convections beneath transform boundaries. Hence, a thinned lithosphere will have a major impact on the dynamics of ridge-transform system, and will influence the evolution of fracture zones and oceanic lithosphere.
Analysis of platelet-derived growth factor receptor A and oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 markers following Hydroxychloroquine administration in animal induced multiple sclerosis model
Authors: Safaei Hajar Amin , Eftekhari Seyed Mehdi , Aliomrani Mehdi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: It has been shown that following demyelination, Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells (OPCs) migrate to the lesion site and begin to proliferate, and differentiate. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on the expression of OLIG-2 and PDGFR-α markers during the myelination process.Method and Materials: C57BL/6 mice were fed cuprizone pellets for 5 weeks to induce demyelination and return to a normal diet for 1 week to stimulate remyelination. During the Phase I all of the animals except CPZ and Vehicle groups were exposed to HCQ (2.5, 10, and 100mg/kg) via drinking water. At the end of the study, animals were euthanized, perfused and the brain samples were assessed for myelination and immunohistochemistry evaluation.Results: What is remarkable is the high rate of Olig2+ cells in the groups treated with 10 and 100 mg/kg HCQ in the demyelination phase and its decreasing trend in the remyelination phase. However, there was no significant difference between groups during phase I and Phase II based on the percentage of olig-2+ / total cells in the corpus callosum region. The number of PDGFR-α+ cells in the group treated with 10 mg/kg HCQ was significant in the first phase (pvalue<0.05).Discussion: Considering that the 100 mg/kg HCQ group had the highest level of PDGFR-α as well as the highest level of myelin repair in LFB staining, it could be inferred that it was the most effective dose in inducing proliferation and migration of OPCs.
Could the Long-Term Oncological Safety of Laparoscopic Surgery in Low Risk Endometrial Cancer be also valid for the High Intermediate and High-Risk Patients? A Multi-center Turkish Gynecologic Oncology Group Study Conducted with 2745 Endometrial Cancer Cases. (TRSGO-End-001)
Authors: Vardar Mehmet Ali , Guzel Ahmet Baris , Taşkın Salih , Güngör Mete , Özgül Nejat , Salman Mehmet Coşkun , Gulec Ümran Kucukgoz , Khatib Ghanim , Taşkıran Cağatay , Dünder Ilkkan , Ortaç Fırat , Yüce Kunter , Terek Coşan , Şimşek Tayup , Özsaran Aydın , Onan Anıl , Şerbetcioğlu Gonca Çoban , Topuz Samet , Demirkıran Fuat , Takmaz Özgüç , Köse Mehmet Faruk , Göçmen Ahmet , Şeydaoğlu Gülşah , Gumurdulu Derya , Ayhan Ali 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Could the Long-Term Oncological Safety of Laparoscopic Surgery in Low Risk Endometrial Cancer be also valid for the High Intermediate and High-Risk Patients? A Multi-center Turkish Gynecologic Oncology Group Study Conducted with 2745 Endometrial Cancer Cases. (TRSGO-End-001)Aim: to compare the long-term oncological outcomes of laparotomy and laparoscopic surgeries in endometrial cancer under the light of 2016 ESMO-ESGO-ESTRO risk classification system with particular focus on the high intermediate and high-risk categories.Methods: Using multicentric database between January 2005 and January 2016, disease-free and overall survivals of 2745 endometrial cancer cases were compared according to the surgery route, laparotomy vs laparoscopy. The high intermediate and high-risk patients were defined with respect to the 2016 ESMO-ESGO-ESTRO risk classification system and they were analyzed with respect to difference in survival rates.Results: Of the 2745 patients 1743 (63.5%) were operated by laparotomy, and the remaining were operated with laparoscopy. The total numbers of high intermediate and high-risk endometrial cancer cases were 734 (45%) patients in the LT group and 307 (30.7%) patients in the LS group. Disease-free and overall survivals were not statistically different when compared between laparoscopy and laparotomy groups in terms of low, intermediate, high intermediate and high-risk endometrial cancer.Conclusions: Regardless of the endometrial cancer risk category, long-term oncological outcomes of laparoscopic approach were found to be comparable to those treated with laparotomy. Our results are encouraging to consider laparoscopic surgery for high intermediate and high-risk endometrial cancer cases.
WITHDRAWN: Concomitant polymorphs of aryl-ether amine via catemer and dimer carboxylic acid supramolecular interactions and their effect on optical properties
Authors: Pannipara Mehboobali , Al-Sehemi Abdullah G 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Carboxylic acid supramolecular synthon exhibited dimer or catemer motifs in the crystal lattice depend on the substituent and other functional groups present in the structure. In general, presence of other competing functional groups produced catemer motifs whereas unsubstituted acids showed dimer. In this manuscript, we have synthesized a new aryl ether amine-based Schiff base with carboxylic acid functionality ( 1 ) and demonstrated polymorphic structure via catemer ( 1a ) and dimer ( 1b ) motifs in the solid state. In both the structure, carboxylic acid group adopted different orientation in the crystal lattice. The different H-bonding lead to modulation of optical properties that was further supported highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) calculation. Further the stability calculation indicates that catemer structure was more stable by 8.54 kcal/mole relative to dimer motifs. In contrast, naphthyl group attached carboxylic acid structure did not show neither dimer nor catemer motifs in the crystal lattice as compared to diethylaminophenyl group, which confirm the presence of other substituent or competing functional groups strongly influence on the motifs of supramolecular interactions.
Tyrosinase enzyme mediated: Synthesis and larvicidal activity of 1,5-diphenyl pent-4-en-1-one derivatives against Culex quinquefasciatus and investigation of Ichthyotoxicity against O. mossambicus
Authors: Chidambaram SathishKumar , Ali Daoud , Alarifi Saud , Radhakrishnan Surendra Kumar , Akbar Idhayadhulla 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Larvicidal activity of 1,5-diphenylpent-4-en-1-one derivatives were synthesized via grindstone method, tyrosinase enzyme used as a catalyst of this process. This method offers high yields with mild reaction conditions. Synthesized compounds were conformed from FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectral and elemental analysis. In this study, a total of 17 compounds (1a–1q) were synthesized, and their larvicidal and antifeedant activities were evaluated. Compound 1i (1-(5-oxo-1,5-diphenylpent-1-en-3-yl)-3-(3-phenylallylidene)thiourea) was extremely active (LD50: 12.09 µg/mL) against Culex quinquefasciatus compared with temephos and permethrin, whereas compounds 1i at 100 µg/mL generated 0% mortality within 24h against Oreochromis mossambicus in an antifeedant screening, and Ichthyotoxicity was determined as the death ratio (%) at 24 h. The compounds 1a, 1e, 1f, 1j, and 1k were found to be highly toxic whereas the 1i was not toxic in antifeedant screening. Therefore, 1i was found to have a high larvicidal activity against C. quinquefasciatus, and was non-toxic to non-target aquatic species. Molecular docking studies also supported the finding that 1i is a potent larvicide with more binding energy than the control (-10.0 vs. -7.6 Kcal/mol) in the 3OGN protein. The lead molecule is very important to larvicidal properties and insecticides.
Unintended pregnancy: its proportion and associated factors among rural women in Bench Maji zone south west Ethiopia: Community based cross sectional study
Authors: Feyisa Mulugeta , Regea Tariku , Nigussie Tadesse , Asefa Adane , Abebe Lemi , Agegnehu Wubetu , Getachew Dawit , Mamo Yitagesu , Feyisa Desalegn , Birhanu Mahilet , Nigusse Wondwosen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Globally, unintended pregnancy affects life of thousands of women annually. It harms the health of both the mother and baby. By avoiding unwanted pregnancies, it is possible to save thousands of mothers from premature pregnancy-related deaths. Objectives: to assess level of unintended pregnancy and associated factors among rural women in Bench Maji zone south west Ethiopia.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 829 pregnant women from March to June 2018 in the Bench Maji Zone, southwest Ethiopia. A multistage sampling technique was used to select study participants. The data were collected by trained data collectors using a structured and pre-tested questionnaire. Data were entered into the epi data manager version 4.0.2.101, and then exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Multivariable binary logistic regression was done and variables with a p-value < 0.05 were factors associated with unintended pregnancy. Results: Of the 829 interviewed women, 109 (13.1%) of them became pregnant without their intention. Factors associated with unintended pregnancy were having exposure to media (radio) [AOR=5.06: 95% CI: 1.89-13.53], having 3 and more children [AOR=2.34: 95CI:1.19-4.64], place of recent delivery [AOR=2.07, 95%CI: 1.12-3.84], and having post-natal care utilization for recent delivery AOR=4.03, 95% CI: 2.09-7.79].Conclusion: The magnitude of unintended pregnancy was significant in number in the study area. Interventions have to take based on exposure to media (radio), number of born children, place of recent delivery, and post-natal care utilization for recent delivery of the women.
Pain knowledge of patients and family caregivers as predictors of pain management outcomes in cancer patients: a multicenter study in China
Authors: Ma Xiaoxiao , Yu Wenhua , Lu Yuhan , Yang Hong , Li Xin , Kang Dongqin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose The purposes of this study were to evaluate the current situation of pain management outcomes, patients’ pain knowledge and family caregivers’ pain knowledge in China. And explore the impact of pain knowledge of patients and family caregivers on pain management outcomes.Methods A multicenter cross-sectional survey was conducted. A total of 410 patient-family caregiver dyads completed questionnaires, which included basic characters of patients and family caregivers, Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), the Pain Knowledge subscales of Patient Pain Questionnaire(PPQ) and Family Pain Questionnaire(FPQ). The difference in pain management outcomes was analyzed using the two independent-samples t test, one way ANOVA analysis and Wilcoxon rank sum test. Variables with statistical significance in bivariate analysis were included in multivariable linear regression analysis.Results The majority of the patients were male (57.1%), with the mean (SD) age of 59.34 (12.59). And strong opioids has been prescribed for 72.4% of the patients. The mean (SD) age of 410 family caregivers was 48.25(13.27) and nearly half of participants were female (54.9%). The average patient pain score in the last 24h was 3.23(SD = 2.16). The total average score on pain knowledge of 410 patients and family caregivers were 3.60 ± 1.90 and 3.57 ± 1.76. Taking strong opioids, patients’ perceived moderate performance, patients’ pain knowledge and family caregivers’ pain knowledge were the main factors influencing the pain management outcomes.Conclusion The findings of this study revealed that patients pain are at a moderate level and not satisfactory. Pain knowledge of patients and family caregivers are also at a moderate level. Moreover, this study reveals that pain management outcomes are obviously influenced by analgesics, performance status and pain knowledge of patients and family caregivers. Advancing pain management by standardizing and individualizing pain treatment, implementing tailored education program to patients and family caregivers are important to improve cancer pain management outcomes.
Antibacterial activity of the sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota whole body extract against Staphylococcus aureus strains MRSA, SEA, and SEB
Authors: Arfatahery Noushin , Khabbazan Mohammad M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aquatic organisms are a source of organic compounds that hold various features such as medical and nutritional activities. Within the framework of an antimicrobial activity study of marine macro-organisms from the Persian Gulf, bioactive compounds of the sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota were extracted from the whole body using chloroform and methanol. The extracts were evaluated for their antibacterial effects against methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and staphylococcal enterotoxins producing (SEA, SEB) Staphylococcus aureus strains. Activities have been determined using three methods: disk diffusion tests, minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The results demonstrate that methanol and chloroform extracts have an inhibitory effect on the growth of all strains at MIC concentrations up to 100 mg/ml. Also, chloroform extracts demonstrate bactericidal activity against SEB in concentrations of about 100 mg/ml. The extracts also show bactericidal effects against MRSA and SEB below 100 mg/ml concentrations. The highest antibacterial activity was found in methanol extract. Therefore, sea cucumber extracts are good candidates for the identification of new antimicrobials. Yet, comprehensive investigations are needed to separate and identify the active components for Holothuria leucospilota from the Persian Gulf.
Temporal Air Quality (NO2, O3 and PM10) Changes in Urban and Rural Stations in Catalonia During COVID-19 Lockdown: An Association with Human Mobility and Satellite Data
Authors: Gorrochategui Eva , Hernandez Isabel , Pérez-Gabucio Eva , Lacorte Sílvia , Tauler Romà 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this study, changes in air quality by NO2, O3 and PM10 in Barcelona metropolitan area and other parts of Catalonia during the COVID-19 lockdown with respect to pre-lockdown and to previous years (2018 and 2019) were evaluated. Selected air monitoring stations included 3 urban (Gràcia, Vall d’Hebron and Granollers), 1 control site (Observatori Fabra), 1 semi-urban (Manlleu), and 3 rural (Begur, Bellver de Cerdanya, and Juneda). NO2 lockdown levels showed a diminution, which in relative terms was maximum in two rural stations (Bellver de Cerdanya, -63% and Begur, -61%), presumably due to lower emissions from the ceasing hotel and ski resort activities during eastern holidays. In absolute terms and from an epidemiologic perspective, decrease in NO2 was more relevant in the urban stations around Barcelona. O3 levels increased in the transited urban stations (Gràcia, +42%, and Granollers, +64%) due to the lower titration effect by NOx. PM10 lockdown levels decreased, mostly in Gràcia, Vall d’Hebron and Granollers (-35, -39% and -39%, respectively) due to traffic depletion (-90% in Barcelona's transport). Correlation among mobility index in Barcelona (-100% in retail & recreation) and contamination was positive for NO2 and PM10 and negative for O3 (P<0.001). Satellite images evidenced two hotspots of NO2 in Spain (Madrid and Barcelona) in April 2018 and 2019 that disappeared in 2020. Overall, the benefits of lockdown on air quality in Catalonia were evidenced with NO2, O3 and PM10 levels below WHOAQG values in most of stations opposed to the excess registered in previous years.