bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity of ICD‐10‐CM diagnoses to identify hospitalizations for serious infections among patients treated with biologic therapies
Authors: Lo Re Vincent , Carbonari Dean M. , Jacob Jerry , Short William R. , Leonard Charles E. , Lyons Jennifer G. , Kennedy Adee , Damon Jolene , Haug Nicole , Zhou Esther H. , Graham David J. , McMahill‐Walraven Cheryl N. , Parlett Lauren E. , Nair Vinit , Selvan Mano , Zhou Yunping , Pocobelli Gaia , Maro Judith C. , Nguyen Michael D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeIdentifying hospitalizations for serious infections among patients dispensed biologic therapies within healthcare databases is important for post‐marketing surveillance of these drugs. We determined the positive predictive value (PPV) of an ICD‐10‐CM‐based diagnostic coding algorithm to identify hospitalization for serious infection among patients dispensed biologic therapy within the FDA's Sentinel Distributed Database.MethodsWe identified health plan members who met the following algorithm criteria: (1) hospital ICD‐10‐CM discharge diagnosis of serious infection between July 1, 2016 and August 31, 2018; (2) either outpatient/emergency department infection diagnosis or outpatient antimicrobial treatment within 7 days prior to hospitalization; (3) inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, or rheumatological diagnosis within 1 year prior to hospitalization, and (4) were dispensed outpatient biologic therapy within 90 days prior to admission. Medical records were reviewed by infectious disease clinicians to adjudicate hospitalizations for serious infection. The PPV (95% confidence interval [CI]) for confirmed events was determined after further weighting by the prevalence of the type of serious infection in the database.ResultsAmong 223 selected health plan members who met the algorithm, 209 (93.7% [95% CI, 90.1%–96.9%]) were confirmed to have a hospitalization for serious infection. After weighting by the prevalence of the type of serious infection, the PPV of the ICD‐10‐CM algorithm identifying a hospitalization for serious infection was 80.2% (95% CI, 75.3%–84.7%).ConclusionsThe ICD‐10‐CM‐based algorithm for hospitalization for serious infection among patients dispensed biologic therapies within the Sentinel Distributed Database had 80% PPV for confirmed events and could be considered for use within pharmacoepidemiologic studies.
Impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Starr Jessica A. , Pinner Nathan A. , Lisenby Katelin M. , Osmonson Alyssa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHeart failure (HF) impacts more than 6 million Americans with an annual mortality rate approaching 22%. Along with optimizing guideline‐directed management and therapy (GDMT), the development of treatment options to improve mortality and morbidity in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is paramount. Cardiovascular outcome trials in patients with type 2 diabetes have shown that sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors improve both cardiovascular (CV) and renal outcomes and have consistently reduced hospitalizations for HF in patients with and without a previous history of HF. A precise mechanism by which SGLT2 inhibitors provide benefits for patients with HFrEF has not been identified, and it is probable that multiple pathways may best explain the outcomes seen in recent clinical trials. The mounting evidence that SGLT2 inhibitors reduce HF‐related hospitalizations in patients with type 2 diabetes led to the publication of two pivotal trials, the Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Heart Failure (DAPA‐HF) trial and the Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes with Empagliflozin in Heart Failure (EMPEROR‐Reduced) trial. Data from these publications demonstrate significant benefit of dapagliflozin and empagliflozin on a variety of CV and HF quality of life end points in patients with HFrEF independent of the presence of type 2 diabetes. Now, widespread application of the clinical findings from the DAPA‐HF and EMPEROR‐Reduced trials must follow with SGLT2 inhibitors incorporated into GDMT for HFrEF regardless of the presence or absence of diabetes. In this review, we examine key literature surrounding the CV outcome data for SGLT2 inhibitors with a specific focus on patients with HFrEF.
Benefits for immigrant‐origin and nonimmigrant‐origin youth of discussing immigration in gender and sexuality alliances
Authors: Rosenbach Sarah B. , Sherwood S. Henry , Poteat V. Paul , Yoshikawa Hirokazu , Calzo Jerel P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn a time of unprecedented polarization in the United States, particularly concerning immigration, schools are uniquely positioned to help students understand the consequences of drastic policy changes. Beyond formal settings such as social studies classes, extracurricular activities may be important for fostering discussions about sociohistorical and policy issues. Such discussions could serve to empower youth from marginalized populations and raise their critical consciousness. Yet the potential outcomes of discussions in these extracurricular settings have not been studied in depth. Using data collected in school‐based Gender‐and‐Sexuality‐Alliances (GSAs) throughout Massachusetts during the periods leading up to and following the 2016 US Presidential election, we examined whether discussions of immigration issues in GSAs were associated with greater empowerment and critical consciousness among 580 youth (M
Age = 15.59, range = 10–20 years). Multilevel structural equation models showed that the frequency with which youth discussed immigration, relative to their fellow members, was positively associated with residualized change in perceived peer validation for members in general and with residualized change in hope for immigrant‐origin members only. Contrary to our expectations, we did not find significant associations for critical consciousness. Findings suggest how groups addressing issues of equity and justice can promote members' empowerment.
Burn model system national longitudinal database representativeness by race, ethnicity, gender, and age
Authors: Wolfe Audrey E. , Stockly Olivia R. , Abouzeid Cailin , Rodríguez‐Mercedes Silvanys L. , Flores Laura E. , Carrougher Gretchen J. , Gibran Nicole S. , Holavanahalli Radha , McMullen Kara , Trinh Nhi‐Ha , Zafonte Ross , Silver Julie K. , Ryan Colleen M. , Schneider Jeffrey C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionRepresentativeness of research populations impacts the ability to extrapolate findings. The Burn Model System (BMS) National Database is one of the largest prospective, longitudinal, multi‐center research repositories collecting patient‐reported outcomes after burn injury.ObjectiveTo assess if the BMS Database is representative of the population that is eligible to participate.DesignData on adult burn survivors who were eligible for the BMS Database from 2015 to 2019 were analyzed.SettingNot applicable.ParticipantsBurn survivors treated at BMS centers meeting eligibility criteria for the BMS Database. Eligibility for the database is based on burn size and receipt of autografting surgery.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome Measure(s)Race, ethnicity, gender, and age were compared between individuals who did and did not enroll. Regression analysis examined the correlation between demographic characteristics and study enrollment. Additional regression analysis examined the association between enrollment and the intersection of race, ethnicity, and gender.ResultsA total of 982 adult burn survivors were eligible for the BMS database during the study period. Of those who were eligible, 72.1% Enrolled and 27.9% were Not Enrolled. The Enrolled group included more female and more younger survivors compared to the Not Enrolled group. In regression analyses, Black/African American burn survivors were less likely and individuals identifying as female were more likely to enroll in the BMS Database. Furthermore, White men and women were more likely to enroll compared to Black/African American men and women, and non‐Hispanic/Latino men were more likely to enroll compared to Hispanic/Latino men.ConclusionsThis study found differences in BMS Database enrollment by race, ethnicity, and gender. Further research is warranted to investigate causes for the disparities found in this study. In addition, strategies are needed to improve enrollment to ensure future representativeness.
Development of a transperineal prostate biopsy robot guided by MRI‐TRUS image
Authors: Wang Weirong , Pan Bo , Fu Yili , Liu Yanjie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn the transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)‐guided transperineal prostate biopsy, doctors determine the biopsy target by observing the prostate region in TRUS images. However, ultrasound images with low imaging quality make doctors easy to be interfered when determining the biopsy route, which reduces the biopsy success rate.MethodsThis paper introduces the guidance method of magnetic resonance image (MRI) registration to ultrasound image and develops a 5‐degrees of freedom robot for prostate biopsy guided by MRI‐TRUS image. The robot uses a structure attached to the ultrasound probe to reduce the space occupied. By registering the posture relationship between MRI, TRUS image, ultrasonic probe and the robot base, the accurate localization of the suspected lesion area can be achieved with the preoperative MRIs.ResultsThe prostate phantom biopsy based on the robotic biopsy system in this paper, the average biopsy error is 1.44 mm, and the maximum biopsy error is 2.23 mm.ConclusionsWe build a robotic biopsy platform with prostate phantom, and evaluate the biopsy accuracy of MRI‐TRUS guided prostate biopsy robot, the results meet clinical prostate biopsy requirements.
(NH4)2[Ni(H2O)6]2V10O28 ⋅ 4H2O; Structural Analysis and Bactericidal Activity against Pathogenic Gram Negative Bacteria
Authors: Mahmoud Ghada Abd‐Elmonsef , Ibrahim Ahmed B. M. , Mayer Peter 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA bis(hexaaquanickel(II)) complex‐decavanadate cluster compound, (NH4)2[Ni(H2O)6]2V10O28 ⋅ 4H2O, was synthesized. This compound has been structurally characterized by infrared spectroscopy and single crystal XRD analysis that indicated its triclinic P −1 space group. Additionally, the thermal decomposition mechanism of the compound to a composite of V2O5 and Ni(VO3)2 was elucidated. The common antibacterial agents are organics that experience instability and cause pollution to the environment, therefore we wish to consider the synthesis of inorganic bactericides. (NH4)2[Ni(H2O)6]2V10O28 ⋅ 4H2O, in comparison to chloramphenicol, led to better inhibition of the growth of five Gram negative human pathogenic bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Serratia marcescens, Serratia plymuthica and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Remarkably, the highest inhibition was displayed against Escherichia coli that was inhibited completely at (NH4)2[Ni(H2O)6]2V10O28 ⋅ 4H2O (50 μg/ml), while the Escherichia coli growth was of 12.93×107±0.25 CFU/ml at (NH4)2[Ni(H2O)6]2V10O28 ⋅ 4H2O (5 μg/ml). This is in contrast to chloramphenicol (5 μg/ml) that allowed for Escherichia coli growth of 13.97×107±0.24 CFU/ml (control=17.33×107±0.48 CFU/ml).
Recent Advances in Organocatalytic Asymmetric Michael Addition Reactions to α, β‐Unsaturated Nitroolefins
Authors: Das Tapaswini , Mohapatra Seetaram , Mishra Nilima P. , Nayak Sabita , Raiguru Bishnu P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAn organocatalyzed asymmetric Michael addition reaction has been established as the most relevant and dynamic research area for the construction of chiral carbon‐carbon and carbon‐heteroatom bond. In the current scenario, rapid revolutions on asymmetric Michael addition to nitroolefins have been explored by taking advantage of newly developed chiral organocatalysts. Moreover, nitroolefins have proven as well‐known Michael acceptors for providing various structurally essential nitro‐functionalized frameworks. In addition to this, remarkable stereoselectivity has been achieved in this asymmetric process by following different mechanistic pathways that involve enamine, iminium ion intermediate formation and bifunctional H‐bonding interaction. So, we have discussed the recent advancements of organocatalytic Michael addition reactions to α, β‐unsaturated nitroolefins from the year 2016 to 2020.
Calcium Scale Inhibition of Stimulated Oilfield Produced Water Using Polyaspartic Acid/Aminomethanesulfonic Acid
Authors: Zhao Lina , Zhou Yuming , Yao Qingzhao , Wang Yanyun , Ge Sujuan , Liu Xiaolin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPolyaspartic acid modified by sulfonic acid group (PASP/ASA) was synthesized and characterized, and then its comprehensive scale inhibition performance was tested in the laboratory simulated environment as an oilfield scale inhibitor. By statically experiment the performance of polyaspartic acid/aminomethanesulfonic acid in inhibiting CaSO4and CaCO3scale under different synthesis condition, results present that the maximum scale inhibition efficiency of the prepared PASP/ASA for CaSO4and CaCO3scale is 100 % and 83.36 % at the dosage of 2.5 mg L−1and 10 mg L−1, respectively. However, the average scale inhibition efficiency of PASP/ASA can reach 61.63 % which is higher than 51.21 % of PASP at both dosage of 30 mg L−1. PASP/ASA and unmodified PASP exhibit unequal calcium scale inhibition performance because of the introduction of −SO3H. The scale crystal morphology analyzed by SEM and X‐ray diffraction revealed that the calcium scale crystals were eliminated in the presence of PASP/ASA by chelation, electrostatic dispersion and lattice distortion mechanism.
In‐Situ Activated NiFePBA‐FeOOH Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction and Zinc‐Air Battery
Authors: Wei Licheng , Zhang Yufei , Yang Yang , Ye Minghui , Li Chengchao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDeveloping low‐price, highly efficient and durable electrocatalysts for sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is still a significant challenge for metal‐air batteries and electrochemical water splitting technology. Here, cost‐effective OER catalyst composing of nickel‐iron Prussian blue analogue and iron oxyhydroxide (NiFePBA‐FeOOH) was successfully prepared by facile hydrothermal method. Designed NiFePBA‐FeOOH catalyst exhibits superior OER performance with low overpotential, small Tafel slope and stable durability. Systematic investigations with in‐situ Raman and Transmission electron microscope reveal that the as‐prepared catalyst has undergone in‐situ electrochemical transformation to generate real catalytic active species of nickel and iron oxyhydroxides. Particularly, the assembled zinc‐air battery with NiFePBA‐FeOOH catalyst also displays a long‐term lifetime of 165 h only presenting a slight increase in voltage gap. Additionally, the successful exploration of cobalt‐iron PBAs with iron oxyhydroxides further demonstrates the universality of PBAs‐oxyhydroxides composites for energy storage and conversion applications.
Surface Removal Enhances the Formation of a Porous Structure in Potato Starch
Authors: Gonzalez Ana , Wang Ya‐Jane 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNative potato starch exhibits limited susceptibility to enzyme digestion and does not form a porous structure. This study investigates the impact of granule surface on starch susceptibility to amylases. Two levels of surface removal via chemical gelatinization of common corn and potato starches are prepared and subjected to digestion by α‐amylase or glucoamylase. The degree of digestion varies with the surface removal level and starch type. A porous structure is observed in potato starch after combining surface removal and digestion by amylases. However, the pores in the surface‐removed potato starches are not as homogeneous or enlarged compare with corn starch. The removal of dense and tightly packed crystallites on the granule surface is proposed to enhance the degree of binding and hydrolytic activity of both amylases in potato starch. This study provides direct evidence that surface structure hinders amylase digestion and the formation of a porous structure in potato starch.
Transabdominal ultrasonography to reduce the burden of X‐ray imaging in prophylactic pancreatic stent localization after ERCP—A prospective trial
Authors: Michael Florian Alexander , Gerber Ludmilla , Weiler Nina , Hunyady Peter Marton , Abedin Nada , de la Vera Anna‐Lena Laguna , Stoffers Philipp , Filmann Natalie , Zeuzem Stefan , Bojunga Jörg , Friedrich‐Rust Mireen , Dultz Georg 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundBefore performing endoscopy to remove prophylactic pancreatic stents placed in patients with high risk of post‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP), X‐ray imaging is recommended to confirm the stents position in the pancreatic duct.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to investigate the feasibility of prophylactic pancreatic stent detection by transabdominal ultrasonography, to reduce the burden of X‐ray imaging, which is currently the golden standard.MethodsAll patients who received a pancreatic stent for PEP prophylaxis were included in the present prospective trial. First, stent position was determined by transabdominal ultrasonography. Afterwards, it was verified by X‐ray imaging. Retained stents were removed by esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Dislocated stents needed no further intervention.ResultsFourty‐one patients were enrolled in this study. All prophylactic pancreatic stents were straight 6 cm long 5 Fr stents with external flap. All stents were removed between day 1 and 10 (median: 3 days) in all cases. In 34 of 41 cases (83.0%), the pancreatic stent was still in place on the day of examination. Twenty‐nine of 34 (85.3%) stents were detected correctly by transabdominal ultrasonography. Overlying gas prevented visualization of the pancreas in 3/41 (7.3%) cases. Sensitivity of sonographic detection of the stent was 93.5% (29/31). Six of seven stents were determined correctly as dislocated by ultrasonography. Here, specificity was 85.7%. A positive predictive value of 96.7% (29/30) was examined. The negative predictive value was 75.0% (6/8).ConclusionTransabdominal ultrasonography detects the majority of prophylactic pancreatic stents. Thereby, it helps to identify patients with an indication for endoscopy sufficiently. X‐ray imaging could subsequently be omitted in about 70% of examinations, reducing the radiation exposure for the patient and the endoscopy staff.
Caring for Others, Managing Migrants: Local and Institutional Hospitality in Lampedusa (Italy)
Authors: Quagliariello Chiara 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn my chapter I analyze, first, the social elements explaining the hospitable, and not hostile, attitude Lampedusa inhabitants have shown over the years toward migrant people. I argue hospitality cannot be understood as a cultural element or an intrinsic characteristic of the Mediterranean identity. This attitude is mostly linked to historical dynamics and structural factors that characterize this Italian borderland. As the concept of reciprocity suggests, the fact that Lampedusa has historically been a place of emigration to Sicily and other Italian or Northern Africa regions led to a sort of identification with migrant people. At the same time, foreign migrants have always been temporary guests on this island. This situation facilitated, I suggest, the perception of migrants as non-dangerous visitors, unable to change the social landscape. Secondly, I explore the negative effects the transition in the perception of migrants from guests to take care to people the Italian state is entitled to manage has produced on the island. The replacement of a local model of hospitality based on informal practices and spontaneous places with an institutional model characterized by bureaucratic procedures and militarized sites led to a forced separation between local and migrant people.
Guests and Hosts in an Athens Public Hospital: Hospitality as Lens for Analyzing Migrants’ Health Care
Authors: Malakasis Cynthia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBased on six months of ethnographic research in the maternity clinic of a major Athens public hospital in 2017, this chapter employs the conceptual lens of “hospitality” to analyze relationships that formed around the care of pregnant migrants arriving in Greece since 2015. Permanent health-care personnel, mostly midwives, are the hosts; guests include migrant women, NGO workers that accompany them to the hospital, Greek Roma maternity patients, obstetrics residents, and the native ethnographer herself. The focus is on pregnant migrants; the other guests provide comparative fodder to flesh out the subjectivity of the hosts. Through an ethnographic reconstruction of the microcosm of the clinic as a space of care, sovereignty, and everyday life, the chapter takes on two theoretical issues: the problem of scale and the argument that the hierarchical character of hospitality is incompatible with a rights-based framework. Critiques to the use of the host-guest trope as a frame for the analysis of relations between migrants and receiving states and societies are well heeded. Yet I demonstrate that guest-host dynamics are very much operative in the interaction between state-employed, permanent health-care personnel and migrants. My analysis highlights the limits and capacities of hospitality’s scalar transpositions, as well as the critical potential of hospitality as a lens that elucidates how legally guaranteed migrants’ rights are accessed and granted in practice; hospitality and rights thus emerge as complementary rather than opposing structural and explanatory frameworks.
Conclusions
Authors: Jauhiainen Jussi S. , Tedeschi Miriam 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMillions of undocumented and irregular migrants live in the EU, and many more live in the countries outside of it. In Finland, the number of undocumented migrants has so far been rather small—up to a few thousand people. There are many kinds of undocumented migrants, but the common factor is that they reside in a country without the proper legal right to do so and their presence is not fully approved by that country’s authorities.This chapter presents the main findings of the research about the everyday lives of undocumented migrants in Finland, showing how these findings corresponded closely with the international academic literature and brought insight to the current discussion. The results are reflected in the broader EU context and beyond. Additionally, the chapter suggests promising research themes on the topic, as they emerged from the main findings.Research has already demonstrated that no country can expel all its undocumented migrants. The results of this study and earlier studies have also suggested the revision of immigration and asylum policies in the EU, including Finland, to create win-win situations for both undocumented migrants and the countries in which they reside.
Cushing-Syndrom mit konsekutiver tertiärer Nebennierenrindeninsuffizienz nach simultaner multipler intraartikulärer Lokaltherapie mit Glukokortikoiden
Authors: Schramm A. , Windschall D. , Hinze C. , Föll D. , Wittkowski H. , Winowski H. , Oesingmann S. 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungEine 4‑jährige Patientin mit neu diagnostizierter polyartikulärer juveniler idiopathischer Arthritis (JIA) entwickelte nach simultaner multipler Lokaltherapie mit Glukokortikoiden an 46 Stellen zunächst ein Cushing-Syndrom, gefolgt von einer schleichenden Zustandsverschlechterung und schließlich einem akuten hochfieberhaften Harnwegsinfekt. Dabei wurde eine iatrogene Nebennierenrindeninsuffizienz nach der multiplen intraartikulären Glukokortikoidgabe diagnostiziert. Die Möglichkeit schwerer systemischer Glukokortikoidnebenwirkungen nach ausgedehnten Lokaltherapien sollte in das reguläre Management der JIA-Patienten einbezogen werden.