bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The social cohesion investment: Communities that invested in integration programmes are showing greater social cohesion in the midst of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Lalot Fanny , Abrams Dominic , Broadwood Jo , Davies Hayon Kaya , Platts‐Dunn Isobel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSocial cohesion can rise in the aftermath of natural disasters or mass tragedies, but this ‘coming together’ is often short‐lived. The early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic witnessed marked increases in kindness and social connection, but as months passed social tensions re‐emerged or grew anew. Thus local authorities faced persistent and evolving challenges. A cross‐sectional survey (N = 2,924) examined perceptions of social cohesion while Britain was slowly emerging from its first national lockdown in June 2020 in six English local authorities that have prioritised investment in social cohesion over the last two years (including five ‘integration areas’) compared with three other areas that have not. We expected that social cohesion programmes would better equip people to tackle the various challenges of the COVID‐19 pandemic. We found a greater sense of social cohesion in the six local authorities (at the micro, meso and macro levels) than in other areas. This was manifested as higher levels of reported social activism, interpersonal trust and closer personal relationships, greater political trust and more positive attitudes towards immigrants. Findings are consistent with the proposition that investing in social cohesion underpins stronger and more connected and open communities, better able to cope with crisis situations.
Biosensitive and antibacterial coatings on metallic material for medical applications
Authors: Goldmann Wolfgang H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMetallic materials are commonly used for load‐bearing implants and as internal fixation devices. It is customary to use austenitic stainless steel, especially surgical grade type 316L SS as temporary and Ti alloys as permanent implants. However, long‐term, poor bonding with bone, corrosion, and release of metal ions, such as chromium and nickel occur. These ions are powerful allergens and carcinogens and their uncontrolled leaching may be avoided by surface coatings. Therefore, bioactive glasses (BGs) became a vital biomedical material, which can form a biologically active phase of hydroxycarbonate apatite on their surface when in contact with physiological fluids. To reduce the high coefficient of friction and the brittle nature of BGs, polymers are normally incorporated to avoid the high‐temperature sintering/densification of ceramic‐only coatings. For medical application, electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is now used for polymer (organic) and ceramic (inorganic) components at room temperature due to its simplicity, control of coating thickness and uniformity, low cost of equipment, ability to coat substrates of intricate shape and to supply thick films in composite form, high purity of deposits as well as no phase transformation during coating. Although extensive research has been conducted on polymer/inorganic composite coatings, only some studies have reported multifunctional properties, such as biological antibacterial activity, enhanced cell adhesion, controlled drug release ability, and mechanical properties. This review will focus on biodegradable coatings, including zien, chitosan, gelatin, cellulose loaded with antibacterial drugs/metallic ions/natural herbs on biostable substrates (PEEK/PMMA/PCL/PLLA layers), which have the potential of multifunctional coating for metallic implants.
Deteriorating insulin resistance due to WL15 peptide from cysteine and glycine‐rich protein 2 in high glucose‐induced rat skeletal muscle L6 cells
Authors: Guru Ajay , Issac Praveen Kumar , Saraswathi N. T. , Seshadri Vidya Devanathadesikan , Gabr Gamal A , Arockiaraj Jesu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of the WL15 peptide derived from Channa striatus on regulating the antioxidant property in the rat skeletal muscle cell line (L6) and enhancing glucose uptake via glucose metabolism. Increased oxidative stress plays a major role in the development of diabetes and its complications. Strategies are needed to mitigate the oxidative stress that can reduce these pathogenic processes. Our results showed that with treatment with WL15 peptide, the reactive oxygen species significantly decreased in L6 myotubes in a dose‐dependent manner, and increased antioxidant enzymes help to prevent the formation of lipid peroxidation in L6 myotubes. The cytotoxicity of WL15 is evaluated in the L6 cells and found to be non‐cytotoxic at the tested concentration. Also, for the analysis of glucose uptake activity in L6 cells, the 2‐(N‐[7‐nitrobenz‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazol‐4‐yl]amino)‐2‐deoxy‐
d
‐glucose assay was performed in the presence of wortmannin and genistein inhibitors. WL15 demonstrated antidiabetic activities through a dose‐dependent increase in glucose uptake (64%) and glycogen storage (7.8 mM). The optimal concentration for the maximum activity was found to be 50 µM. In addition, studies of gene expression in L6 myotubes demonstrated upregulation of antioxidant genes and genes involved in the pathway of insulin signaling. In cell‐based assays, WL15 peptide decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and demonstrated insulin mimic activity by enhancing the primary genes involved in the insulin signaling pathway by increased glucose uptake indicating that glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) is regulated from the intracellular pool to the plasma membrane.
The role of autophagy in controlling SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: An overview on virophagy‐mediated molecular drug targets
Authors: Sargazi Saman , Sheervalilou Roghayeh , Rokni Mohsen , Shirvaliloo Milad , Shahraki Omolbanin , Rezaei Nima 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAutophagy‐dependent cell death is a prominent mechanism that majorly contributes to homeostasis by maintaining the turnover of organelles under stressful conditions. Several viruses, including coronaviruses (CoVs), take advantage of cellular autophagy to facilitate their own replication. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is a beta‐coronavirus (β‐CoVs) that mediates its replication through a dependent or independent ATG5 pathway using specific double‐membrane vesicles that can be considered as similar to autophagosomes. With due attention to several mutations in NSP6, a nonstructural protein with a positive regulatory effect on autophagosome formation, a potential correlation between SARS‐CoV‐2 pathogenesis mechanisms and autophagy can be expected. Certain medications, albeit limited in number, have been indicated to negatively regulate autophagy flux, potentially in a way similar to the inhibitory effect of β‐CoVs on the process of autophagy. However, there is no conclusive evidence to support their direct antagonizing effect on CoVs. Off‐target accumulation of a major fraction of FDA‐approved autophagy modulating drugs may result in adverse effects. Therefore, medications that have modulatory effects on autophagy could be considered as potential lead compounds for the development of new treatments against this virus. This review discusses the role of autophagy/virophagy in controlling SARS‐CoV‐2, focusing on the potential therapeutic implications.
The validation of the dual antiplatelet therapy score in East Asians receiving percutaneous coronary intervention with exclusively second generation drug‐eluting stents
Authors: Kim Minkwan , Park Kyung Woo , Lee Hak Seung , Ki You‐Jeong , Kang Jeehoon , Kim Chee‐Hoon , Han Jung‐Kyu , Yang Han‐Mo , Kang Hyun‐Jae , Koo Bon‐Kwon , Kim Hyo‐Soo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe investigated whether the dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) score (DS) predicts clinical outcome in an East‐Asian population that received exclusively second generation drug‐eluting stent (DES).BackgroundsIt is uncertain whether the DS could adequately risk stratify patients exclusively receiving second generation DES.MethodsFrom the Grand‐DES registry, we evaluated patients who were treated with DAPT for at least 12 months and were event‐free at 12 months after DES implantation. Patients were classified into two categories: high DS (≧2) (n = 3,157); and low DS (<2) (n = 5,226). The primary ischemic outcome was a composite of stent thrombosis and all myocardial infarction (MI), and the primary bleeding outcome was TIMI major or minor bleeding. A propensity score (PS)‐matched analysis was done to correct for baseline differences between extended DAPT group and the conventional group.ResultsAmong 8,383 subjects, the primary ischemic outcome occurred in 48 patients (0.6%) and the primary bleeding outcome in 49 patients (0.6%). High DS was associated with a higher incidence of ischemic events (ischemic outcome: 0.8% vs. 0.4%, for high vs. low DS, Log‐rank p = .039), but not with any differences in bleeding events (Log‐rank p = .734). In the PS‐matched analysis, extended group was associated with lower risk of composite endpoint of MI, stent thrombosis, or cardiac death in only the high DS group (1.8% vs. 3.7%, Log‐rank p = .004; hazard ratio 0.45, 95% confidence interval 0.27–0.76; p = .003 after adjustment).ConclusionsThe DS was an adequate risk stratifier for future ischemic events in East Asians receiving exclusively second generation DES.
Spray‐dried polymeric microparticles fabrication for improvement of Homnil rice extract stability
Authors: Rungsawang Chareetip , Leelapornpisid Pimporn , Sirithunyalug Jakkapan , Kiattisin Kanokwan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesHomnil rice is a hybrid rice between Khao‐Khaow‐Dokmali 105 and Chinese black glutinous rice. It is a pigmented rice which is the rich source of anthocyanins that provides more health benefits than white rice. This research aimed to fabricate polymeric microparticles loaded Homnil rice extract to improve the stability of anthocyanins.FindingsHomnil rice was extracted with various solvents and determined for antioxidant activity. The best extract was selected to develop into polymeric microparticles using spray‐drying method. The 50% ethanolic extract (50SE) showed the highest antioxidant activity which is related to its high total anthocyanin content. The best polymeric microparticles consisted of 0.05% w/w xanthan gum, 0.2% w/w carboxymethyl cellulose, and 0.3% w/w hydroxyethyl cellulose. Homnil rice extract‐loaded polymeric microparticles (HELPM) showed a spherical morphology with porous surface measured by SEM and presented a high entrapment efficiency. It could partially protect the degradation of anthocyanins. The antioxidant activity and total anthocyanin content of HELPM were significantly improved when compared with crude extract after stability study.ConclusionsOur study provided alternative formulation for enhancing the stability of anthocyanins in Homnil rice extract.Significance and noveltyThe HELPM was a promising edible and inexpensive active ingredient which is easily prepared by spray‐drying technique that can be commercially scale‐up. In addition, the HELPM powder possessed a potential to prevent the degradation of anthocyanins that could be further used in as an active ingredient in functional food, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical industries.
An anomalous story of a rare percutaneous intervention to left anterior descending/right coronary artery bifurcation
Authors: Bali Harinder Kumar , Dhindsa Amreen , Bharti Sankalp 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBifurcation lesions in anomalous coronary arteries are rare. Percutaneous intervention in such lesions is challenging and necessitates use of nonstandard hardware like GuideLiner catheter (Vascular Solutions) for adequate access and support.
“Inside‐Out” Central Venous Access approach with infraclavicular exit for right‐sided CRT‐D Implantation in bilateral brachiocephalic and superior vena cava occlusion
Authors: Tonko Johanna B. , Black Stephen A. , Rinaldi Christopher A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe use of the “inside‐out” approach with an infraclavicular exit site with a dedicated system in the presence of complex central venous occlusion is feasible and safe for the implantation of complex cardiac devices.
Pyrene‐Based “Turn‐Off” Probe with Broad Detection Range for Cu2+, Pb2+ and Hg2+ Ions
Authors: Merz Viktor , Merz Julia , Kirchner Maximilian , Lenhart Julian , Marder Todd B. , Krueger Anke 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDetection of metals in different environments with high selectivity and specificity is one of the prerequisites of the fight against environmental pollution with these elements. Pyrenes are well suited for the fluorescence sensing in different media. The applied sensing principle typically relies on the formation of intra‐ and intermolecular excimers, which is however limiting the sensitivity range due to masking of e. g. quenching effects by the excimer emission. Herein we report a highly selective, structurally rigid chemical sensor based on the monomer fluorescence of pyrene moieties bearing triazole groups. This sensor can quantitatively detect Cu2+, Pb2+ and Hg2+ in organic solvents over a broad concentrations range, even in the presence of ubiquitous ions such as Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+. The strongly emissive sensor's fluorescence with a long lifetime of 165 ns is quenched by a 1 : 1 complex formation upon addition of metal ions in acetonitrile. Upon addition of a tenfold excess of the metal ion to the sensor, agglomerates with a diameter of about 3 nm are formed. Due to complex interactions in the system, conventional linear correlations are not observed for all concentrations. Therefore, a critical comparison between the conventional Job plot interpretation, the method of Benesi‐Hildebrand, and a non‐linear fit is presented. The reported system enables the specific and robust sensing of medically and environmentally relevant ions in the health‐relevant nM range and could be used e. g. for the monitoring of the respective ions in waste streams.
Reducing the burden of parallel loop schedulers for many‐core processors
Authors: Arif Mahwish , Vandierendonck Hans 
Published: April 2021

SummaryAs core counts in processors increases, it becomes harder to schedule and distribute work in a timely and scalable manner. This article enhances the scalability of parallel loop schedulers by specializing schedulers for fine‐grain loops. We propose a low‐overhead work distribution mechanism for a static scheduler that uses no atomic operations. We integrate our static scheduler with the Intel OpenMP and Cilkplus parallel task schedulers to build hybrid schedulers. Compiler support enables efficient reductions for Cilk, without changing the programming interface of Cilk reducers. Detailed, quantitative measurements demonstrate that our techniques achieve scalable performance on a 48‐core machine and the scheduling overhead is 43% lower than Intel OpenMP and 12.1× lower than Cilk. We demonstrate consistent performance improvements on a range of HPC and data analytics codes. Performance gains are more important as loops become finer‐grain and thread counts increase. We observe consistently 16%–30% speedup on 48 threads, with a peak of 2.8× speedup.
Forest fire detection on LANDSAT images using support vector machine
Authors: Chanthiya P. , Kalaivani V. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryIn recent days, the major threat in the world is forest fire that affects the biodiversity, climate change, and so forth. So detection process is more essential to monitor the forest region. To detect the forest fire, the paper proposes a novel detection technique of support vector machine (SVM)‐Krill herd that can effectively detect the fire region using different kinds of features. Land surface temperature, fire intensity, water vapor, and top of atmosphere temperature are being extracted as some of the features that can be exposed. These features are preferred to classify the LANDSAT image into two classes using SVM optimized by Krill herd. The Euclidean distance is chosen to find the similarity between the test and trained image and then predict the giving query image containing a fire or not based on its training samples. With the help of the feature extractor parameters, the performances have to be analyzed. When compared with existing fire detection algorithms like active fire detection, SFIDE, convolutional neural network (CNN), hybrid intelligent, and PSO‐SVM algorithm, the proposed SVM‐Krill herd‐based detection method increases the accuracy by 1.562%, 0.675%, 1.290%, 0.876%, and 1.038%. The proposed detection method of SVM‐Krill herd achieves 99.21% accuracy and high precision as 98.41%.
Detection of Pneumocystis jirovecii from Clinical Specimens Utilizing a TaqMan‐Based Real‐Time PCR Assay on the Luminex ARIES
Authors: Albulushi Kyle , Jung‐Hynes Brittney , Chen Derrick 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPneumocystis jirovecii can cause severe pneumonia in immunocompromised patients, which can be life threatening if left untreated. Despite the widespread use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) within the clinical laboratory setting, FDA‐approved PCR assays are not readily available for the detection of Pneumocystis from respiratory samples. Using the Luminex ARIES system—an open‐channel, automated, sample‐to‐answer PCR platform—the cell division cycle 2 (cdc‐2) gene can be targeted for the detection of Pneumocystis. This novel TaqMan‐based, real‐time PCR assay offers improved sensitivity compared to staining or immunofluorescence while reducing turnaround time and eliminating the challenges surrounding microscopic identification. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Primer/probe master mix preparationBasic Protocol 2: Positive control (cdc‐2) plasmid preparationBasic Protocol 3: Mucus digestionBasic Protocol 4: Cell lysisBasic Protocol 5: Carrier RNA/proteinase K preparationBasic Protocol 6: Cassette assemblyBasic Protocol 7: Running the assayBasic Protocol 8: Interpreting results
The significance of detecting glucose transporter 1 and calretinin in serous effusions to differentiate between carcinoma cells and reactive mesothelial cells
Authors: Lv Ming , Cha Na , Zou Yu‐Feng , Leng Ji‐Hong , Hao Yan‐Yong , Wang Shuai 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe cytologic evaluation of serous effusions to distinguish malignant cells from reactive mesothelial cells (RMCs)was an enormous challenge. The purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and calretinin (CR) in serous effusions of patients with malignant and in order to significantly ameliorate the diagnostic accuracy.MethodsThe expressions of GLUT1 and CR were measured by streptavidin‐peroxidase (S‐P) immunocytochemical technique in serous effusions of 183 patients with malignant and in 95 patients with benign diseases.ResultsThe positive ratio of GLUT1 was 91.8% (168/183) in serous effusions from patients with malignant and 5.3% (5/95) in benign diseases, they had a significant difference (P < .01). CR was expressed 89.5% (85/95) in benign diseases and 6.6% (12/183) in malignant, it also showed an important difference (P < 0.01). The combination of GLUT1 + CR revealed the best efficiency: the sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 98.9%, respectively.ConclusionImmunocytochemical staining for GLUT1 and CR may be used as a complementary tool for the detection of malignant effusions and help to make a distinction between cancer cells and RMCs. The combination of GLUT1 and CR with immunocytochemistry stained can be achieved a higher diagnostic performance.
Crocetin and related oxygen diffusion‐enhancing compounds: Review of chemical synthesis, pharmacology, clinical development, and novel therapeutic applications
Authors: Shah Hriday M. , Jain Ashvi S. , Joshi Shreerang V. , Kharkar Prashant S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe current pandemic forced us to introspect and revisit our armamentarium of medicinal agents which could be life‐saving in emergency situations. Oxygen diffusion‐enhancing compounds represent one such class of potential therapeutic agents, particularly in ischemic conditions. As rewarding as the name suggests, these agents, represented by the most advanced and first‐in‐class molecule, trans‐sodium crocetinate (TSC), are the subject of intense clinical investigation, including Phase 1b/2b clinical trials for COVID‐19. Being a successor of a natural product, crocetin, TSC is being investigated for various cancers as a radiosensitizer owing to its oxygen diffusion enhancement capability. The unique properties of TSC make it a promising therapeutic agent for various ailments such as hemorrhagic shock, stroke, heart attack, among others. The present review outlines various (bio)synthetic strategies, pharmacological aspects, clinical overview and potential therapeutic benefits of crocetin and related compounds including TSC. The recent literature focusing on the delivery aspects of these compounds is covered as well to paint the complete picture to the curious reader. Given the potential TSC holds as a first‐in‐class agent, small‐ and/or macromolecular therapeutics based on the core concept of improved oxygen diffusion from blood to the surrounding tissues where it is needed the most, will be developed in future and satisfy the unmet medical need for many diseases and disorders.
CircFAT1 facilitates cervical cancer malignant progression by regulating ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathway through miR‐409‐3p/CDK8 axis
Authors: Zhou Bing , Li Ting , Xie Rongping , Zhou Jianbin , Liu Jue , Luo Yu , Zhang Xia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCircular RNA FAT atypical cadherin 1 (circFAT1) has been reported to play vital roles in the progression of some cancers. However, the regulatory role and underlying mechanisms of circFAT1 in cervical cancer (CC) remain largely unknown. The expression of circFAT1, microRNA (miR)‐409‐3p and cyclin‐dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) was detected using qRT‐PCR and Western blot assays. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion in vitro were investigated using cell counting kit‐8, colony formation, flow cytometry, and transwell assays, respectively. Western blot assay was used to determine the activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathway. The interaction miR‐409‐3p and circFAT1 or CDK8 was confirmed by dual‐luciferase reporter, pull‐down or RIP assays. The effects of circFAT1 in vivo were determined using xenograft models. CircFAT1 was highly expressed in CC, and closely associated with poor prognosis. CircFAT1 knockdown resulted in the suppression of proliferation, migration and invasion, and promotion of apoptosis in CC cells via the inactivation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathway; also, circFAT1 silencing could inactivate this pathway and repressed CC tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistic analysis showed that circFAT1 directly sponged miR‐409‐3p and then relieved the repressive effect of miR‐409‐3p on its target CDK8. Furthermore, miR‐409‐3p inhibition reversed the effects of circFAT1 silencing on CC cells. Whereas, miR‐409‐3p overexpression impeded CC cell growth and motility, which was attenuated by CDK8. CircFAT1 promoted CC progression via activating ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathway through the miR‐409‐3p/CDK8 axis, suggesting a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for CC.