bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mensenhandel en mensensmokkel op Curaçao: een crime-scriptanalyse
Authors: Luisa Zahyanne 
Published: May 2021

Human trafficking and human smuggling in Curaçao: a crime script analysis
This article contains the results of a crime script analysis regarding the processes of human trafficking and human smuggling in Curaçao. The crime script analysis was conducted using data from five criminal investigations of human trafficking and seven criminal investigations of human smuggling. The results show that human trafficking in Curaçao consists of labor exploitation and sexual exploitation in bars, cafes and clubs. Young women are recruited from Colombia, Venezuela and the Dominican Republic to work as waitresses, trago girls and/or prostitutes. Once they arrive on the island, the women are dependent on the perpetrators and are subjected to exploitation In this research, two types of human smuggling have been witnessed. The first type consists of Venezuelan smugglers who transport fellow Venezuelan nationals to Curaçao by boat in exchange for payment. The second type of smugglers are Curaçao locals who rent out rooms to Venezuelans that reside on the island illegally.
Bilateral vocal fold paralysis after COVID-19 infection. Another neuro-invasive manifestation? Case series
Authors: Correa Barrera Juan José , Gómez del Pulgar Vázquez Blanca , Orozco Vinasco Adriana , Sánchez Zamora Purificación , Sánchez Solano Sonia , Martos Gisbert Natalia , Saz Castro Rubén , Orozco Vinasco David , San Juan Álvarez Mónica , García Rueda Antonio 
Published: May 2021

The agent that causes the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), produces a spectrum of symptoms that mainly affect the respiratory system, the central nervous system (CNS), the regulation of hemostasis and the immune system.
Bilateral vocal fold paralysis (BVFP) is a condition of unknown incidence among infected patients, either because it is short-lived or because of the difficulty in establishing a direct cause to the virus.
Viral infection has been described in the literature as a cause of BVFP and there is the suspicion that a proportion of the idiopathic cases are due to undiagnosed viral infections.
Although the neurotropic mechanisms for SARS-CoV-2 remain unclear, there is strong evidence to ensure its neuroinvasive potential.
The most frequent etiologies of BVFP are trauma, neoplasm, and neurological, but a viral origin should not be ruled out. Causality between COVID-19 and BVFP is plausible and will require further study in the short and long term.
Scientific Sail Shape Design
Authors: Greeley David S. , Kirkman Karl L. , Drew Alan L. , Cross-Whiter John 
Published: May 2021

Perhaps no area of yachting has reached harder for technology, and grasped less, than sail shape design. The combination of the obsession with secrecy, the background and training of those in the business, the economic characteristics of the marketplace, and the intractability of the problems is formidable and has made scientific sail engineering a grail.
This paper will not solve those problems; rather it reports on an attempt to begin an attack on the fundamental problems and to report the outcome. Thus, the paper will:
- describe the fundamentals of the sail shape design problem so that practical sailors can, with some study, grasp the nature and difficulty of the problem to the extent that claims can be evalu­ated thoughtfully; and
- report on a research program intended to put the art onto a solid engineering basis by formulating the problem and beginning work on solutions.
Drawing with Performance Prediction
Authors: Schwenn Peter , Hazen George 
Published: May 2021

We describe some advances in Performance Prediction Programs - "PPP"1 for sailing yachts2 - primarily integrating PPP analysis into drawing and providing new sculpting operations in which fairness and desired hydrostatic and on her performance determining characteristics are maintained - the shape remains a boat or a ship of the desired kind during reshaping.
Our building blocks for such an integration are: a thousand-fold increase in PPP speed3, new editing tools which maintain Boatness4 , and an accessible modularization of the engineering physics of the PPP within a new programming environment which allows immediate changes by designers.
Specifically, these new functions are introduced at the boundary of Drawing and the PPP:
- A live knotmeter is displayed with each design variant on the drawing boar, - alongside it's antagonist - Rating.
- Continuously updated hydrotatics (including the speed determining factors LSM, wetted surface, stability, prismatics, .. ) are displayed with the knotometer, with the 'positive' factors (like length) graphically opposing the 'negative' (like wetted surface.) Dimensions for PPP use are calculated automatically from the shape at hand - in particular: appendage dimensions, hydrostatics, and so forth.
- Bounding limits are set for a design optimization by drawing two or more outlier yacht forms. The space in between can be explored by hand or automatically.
- Local optimums of Speed against rating are provided as a 'Snap' function. This is the one dimensional version of automatic exploration for optima.
- Intermediate shapes are also controlled during design optimization to maintain realism and performance constraints on type, fairness, 'look', speed producing shape measures like prismatic and displacement etc., and even handicap.
- Immediate feedback is available if one chooses to exploit the new programming environment to make aero hydro model changes or extensions to the internal PPP mechanisms while drawing and exploring.
The landscape of tumors-infiltrate immune cells in papillary thyroid carcinoma and its prognostic value
Authors: Huang Yanyi , Yi Tao , Liu Yushu , Yan Mengyun , Peng Xinli , Lv Yunxia 
Published: May 2021

Introduction
Thyroid cancer is a very common malignant tumor in the endocrine system, while the incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) throughout the world also shows a trend of increase year by year. In this study, we constructed two models: ICIscore and Riskscore. Combined with these two models, we can make more accurate and reasonable inferences about the prognosis of PTC patients.

Methods
We selected 481 PTC samples from TCGA and 147 PTC samples from GEO (49 samples in GSE33630, 65 samples in GSE35570 and 33 samples in GSE60542). We performed consistent clustering for them and divided them into three subgroups and screened differentially expressed genes from these three subgroups. Then we divided the differential genes into three subtypes. We also distinguished the up-regulated and down-regulated genes and calculated ICIscore for each PTC sample. ICIscore consists of two parts: (1) the PCAu was calculated from up-regulated genes. (2) the PCAd was calculated from down-regulated genes. The PCAu and PCAd of each sample were the first principal component of the relevant gene. What’s more, we divided the patients into two groups and constructed mRNA prognostic signatures. Additionally we also verified the independent prognostic value of the signature.

Results
Though ICIscore, we were able to observe the relationship between immune infiltration and prognosis. The result suggests that the activation of the immune system may have both positive and negative consequences. Though Riskscore, we could make more accurate predictions about the prognosis of patients with PTC. Meanwhile, we also generated and validated the ICIscore group and Riskscore group respectively.

Conclusion
All the research results show that by combining the two models constructed, ICIscore and Riskscore, we can make a more accurate and reasonable inference about the prognosis of patients with clinical PTC patients. This suggests that we can provide more effective and reasonable treatment plan for clinical PTC patients.
A Study on the extent of adoption of ANGRAU Technologies in Groundnut crop by Farmers of Rayalaseema Zone of Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Chowdary K. Raghavendra , Vemaraju . , Tejaswini M. , Kumar M. Reddi 
Published: May 2021

Globally India ranks first in area and second in production. India, accounts for 31 % of the total groundnut area in the world with 26.4 Mha with a total production of 37.1 million MT. The average productivity is 1400 kg/ha. The annual global export of groundnuts is of two million MT valued at 2,600 million US $. In the present study, an attempt was made to find out the extent of adoption of ANGRAU technologies in Anantapur and Chittoor districts of Andhra Pradesh. Ex-post facto research design was selected as an appropriate research design to investigate the variables influencing extent of adoption of ANGRAU technologies in groundnut cultivation. Two districts were selected purposively from Andhra Pradesh based on the highest area under groundnut cultivation. The names of the selected districts were Anantapur and Chittoor. Two mandals from each district were purposively selected based on the highest area of cotton cultivation thus constituting four mandals. Three villages from each mandal were selected by following simple random sampling procedure. The sample constituted to a total of twelve villages. From each of the selected village, ten farmers were selected by following lottery method of simple random sampling procedure. The sample constituted to a total of 120 respondents. Study showed that overwhelmingly (88.00%) of the members had adopted tractor drawn sowing, followed by two-thirds (66.00%) had adopted K-6 variety and seed treatment, 52.00 per cent had adopted Integrated pest management, 46.00 per cent adopted water management practices, 38.00 per cent had adopted water management practices, 28.00 per cent had adopted fertilizer management, 23.00 per cent had adopted Dharani variety, 18.00 per cent had adopted K-9 and 12.00 per cent of the respondents adopted sub soiler for land preparation and Anantha gorru for sowing of seed and groundnut stripper and minute (3.33%) had adopted recommended varieties of SAU.
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and College Libraries in Bhutan for Educational Achievement: A Comparative Study
Authors: Sharma Dhanapati , Dorji Phub , Wangchuck Nima 
Published: May 2021

Information is a vital and indispensable component of any education system. College libraries and internet facilities are the two information retrieval sources for academic works. This study aims to identify the preferable option (internet facilities vs library) for students for academic purposes. This cross-sectional questionnaire-based study recruited faculties, non-faculty staff, and students of Gedu College of Business Studies. The questionnaire was self-administered and responses were collected. Descriptive test was used for statistical analysis. The responses of 181 participants (male 53.6%; female 46.4%) were used for analysis (response rate 95.2%). Participants responded that internet was more easily accessible (74.1% vs 24.9%), more frequently used (78.5% vs 21.5%), for academic purpose (74.1% vs 24.9%), and holds more value in life of learners (60.7% vs 39.3%). Participants remain divided on the reliability of the source of information (internet 53.6 % vs library 46.4). However, the library was considered the cheaper (72.9% vs 27.1%) source of information. While 96.1 % of respondentsuse both sources, most (71.3%) participants feel that college should focus on developing internet facilities.Both libraries and the internet are used for academic purposes in college. However, there is a greater need to prioritize and invest in internet facilities for future educational needs.
Cytokine Profile in Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Elfar A. , El-Bendary Amal , Abdel-Hafez M. A. , Hana N. Abo El 
Published: May 2021

Background: Cytokines have an important role in immune system dysregulation in SLE because they act on the differentiation, maturation, and activation of several effector cells, culminating in inflammation and subsequent tissue damage.The aim of the work was to evaluate cytokine profile (IL2, IL10 and IL13) in children with SLE and their possible role in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis.
Methods: This is a cross sectional case-control study conducted on 60 children with SLE and 30 healthy children of matched age and sex served as a control group. The presence of lupus nephritis was confirmed by renal biopsy and histopathological examination. The SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score for each patient was used to evaluate disease activity. Serum IL2, IL-10 & IL-13levels were measured using ELISA.
Results: There was a significant increase in serum IL-10 levels in SLE patients compared to healthy controls and in patients with lupus nephritis compared to patients without lupus nephritis. Also, there were significant positive correlation between IL-10 and SLEDAI Score and between IL-10 and 24-hour urinary protein collection. There was no statistically significant difference in IL-2 levels in SLE patients compared to healthy controls. However, IL2 levels were significantly lower in active patients without lupus nephritis compared to active patients with lupus nephritis. There was no correlation between IL-2 and 24-hour urinary protein collection. The levels of IL13 were significantly higher in SLE patients compared to healthy controls and in patients with lupus nephritis compared to patients without lupus nephritis. There were significant positive correlations between Il 13 and SLEDAI Score and between IL-13and 24-hour urinary protein collection.
Conclusions: Soluble IL10 and IL-13 could be used as a measure of disease activity. Further studies are needed to evaluate SLE pathophysiology including measurement of cytokine profile.
Ultrasound Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block Versus Transverses Abdominis Plane Block for Post-Operative Analgesia in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Badawy Nashwa Atef , Mourad Mona Blough El , Gebaly Ahmed Said AL , Amr Yasser Mohamed 
Published: May 2021

Background: Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most common surgical procedures in the pediatric age group and it is associated with significant post-operative discomfort. The aim of this study is to compare the safety, reliability, and efficacy of ultrasound-guided transverses abdominis plane (TAP) block versus erector spinae plane (ESP) block for postoperative pain control in pediatrics undergoing laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair.
Methods: This prospective randomized study was carried out on 90 pediatric patients of both sexes aged (2 -7) years with ASA physical status I/II scheduled for elective laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. Patients were divided into 3 equal groups. Group C received general anesthesia alone. group T received bilateral ultrasound-guided TAP block after induction of general anesthesia with the injection of 0.4 ml/kg bupivacaine 0.25%. group E received bilateral ultrasound-guided ESP block after induction of general anesthesia with the injection of 0.4 ml/kg bupivacaine 0.25%.
Results: According to CHEOPS, we found no statistically significant difference between ESP and TAP groups but significant increase in the control group. also, There was a significant decrease in total rescue analgesia (intra-operative & postoperative ) in the T group and E as compared to group C. Also there was a significant delay in onset of first rescue analgesia post operatively between group T&E in comparison to group C. The mean value of heart rate between the 3 groups showed no statistically significant difference between TAP and ESP groups intra-operatively but significant increase in heart rate in the control group in all stages of the operation as compared to T& E groups. Mean arterial blood pressure changes were insignificant between three groups in all stages of operation.
Conclusions: TAP block and ESP block are effective and safe techniques for postoperative pain control in pediatric patients undergoing laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair with more hemodynamic stability, less intra and postoperative analgesia requirement.
Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Differentiation of Ovarian Cystic Lesions
Authors: Shaban Hala Abd El-Hamid Mohamed Moharam , Radwan Samah Ahmed Ibrahim , Moustafa Moustafa Zein ElAabden , Dabees Naglaa Mohamed Lotfy 
Published: May 2021

Background: MRI can specifically diagnose some certain pathologic types by providing accurate information on fat, collagen and hemorrhage. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, an emerging non-invasive MRI technique, is of the capability to evaluate the extent of microscopic diffusion which might exist in biologic tissues. Evidence has shown that DWI-MRI and ADC were beneficial in differentiating malignant from benign ovarian lesions and may be helpful to predict suboptimal cytoreduction in ovarian cancer. The aim of this study to assess the role of magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion weighted images in the assessment and differentiation of ovarian cystic lesions.
Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 30 female patients who are proved by ultrasound to have ovarian cystic lesions. Selected patients were given butylscopolamine bromide (20mg) administered IV or intramuscularly at the beginning of the examination. Imaging is performed with the patient in the supine position with an empty urinary bladder. A distended urinary bladder is not recommended because it increases phase ghost artifacts and can compress the uterus.
Results: As regards diagnosis according to Ultrasound examination, revealed that ovarian cancer and simple cyst were the most frequent (26.7% and 20% respectively), followed by Tubo-ovarian hydrosalpinx and Hemorrhagic cyst (10%) each. Ovarian serous cyst adenoma constituted (6.7%), while pyosalpinx, PCO, hydrosalpinx, and endometrial cyst constitutes (3.3%) each.
As regards diagnosis according to MRI examination, Simple cyst and ovarian cancer were the most frequent (13.3%) each, followed by Tubo-ovarian hydrosalpinx and Hemorrhagic cyst (10%) each. Krekenberg tumor, Ovarian dermoid, and Ovarian serous cyst adenoma constituted 6.7% each. As regards the ADC value was significantly lower in the malignant lesions (0.7*103) than benign ones (0.9*103). As regards histopathologic confirmation, 23 cases of the studied women, Ovarian cancer (17.4%), Tubo-ovarian hydrosalpinx (13.0%), and Hemorrhagic cyst (13.0%) were the most common diagnosis. Ovarian dermoid, Krekenberg tumor, and Ovarian serous cyst adenoma constituted 8.7% each. Other less frequent diagnosis included Endometeriotic cyst, Hydrosalpnix, Mucinous cystadenoma, Ovarian serous cyst adenocarcinoma, Ovarian dysgerminoma and Terato-dermoid (4.3%) each. The mean ADC value was significantly lower in the malignant lesions than benign ones. At a cut off ≤0.7, ADC showed a significant good diagnostic value of malignant lesions with sensitivity, Specificity, and an accuracy.
Conclusions: DWI to conventional MRI is an important tool. It improves the specificity of MRI and thus increasing radiologist’s confidence in image interpretation which will finally reflect on patients’outcome and prognosis. Cost effective technique (no additional cost to MRI examination), was easily added to MR study protocols.
Skeletal muscle and childhood cancer: Where are we now and where we go from here
Authors: Goodenough Chelsea G. , Partin Robyn E. , Ness Kirsten K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSkeletal muscle (muscle) is essential for physical health and for metabolic integrity, with sarcopenia (progressive muscle mass loss and weakness), a precursor of aging and chronic disease. Loss of lean mass and muscle quality (force generation per unit of muscle) in the general population are associated with fatigue, weakness, and slowed walking speed, eventually interfering with the ability to maintain physical independence, and impacting participation in social roles and quality of life. Muscle mass and strength impairments are also documented during childhood cancer treatment, which often persist into adult survivorship, and contribute to an aging phenotype in this vulnerable population. Although several treatment exposures appear to confer increased risk for loss of mass and strength that persists after therapy, the pathophysiology responsible for poor muscle quantity and quality is not well understood in the childhood cancer survivor population. This is partly due to limited access to both pediatric and adult survivor muscle tissue samples, and to difficulties surrounding noninvasive investigative approaches for muscle assessment. Because muscle accounts for just under half of the body's mass and is essential for movement, metabolism, and metabolic health, understanding mechanisms of injury responsible for both initial and persistent dysfunction is important and will provide a foundation for intervention. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the available evidence describing associations between childhood cancer, its treatment, and muscle outcomes, identifying gaps in current knowledge.
Spinocerebellar ataxia clinical trials: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Brooker Sarah M. , Edamakanti Chandrakanth Reddy , Akasha Sara M. , Kuo Sheng‐Han , Opal Puneet 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a group of dominantly inherited diseases that share the defining feature of progressive cerebellar ataxia. The disease process, however, is not confined to the cerebellum; other areas of the brain, in particular, the brainstem, are also affected, resulting in a high burden of morbidity and mortality. Currently, there are no disease‐modifying treatments for the SCAs, but preclinical research has led to the development of therapeutic agents ripe for testing in patients. Unfortunately, due to the rarity of these diseases and their slow and variable progression, there are substantial hurdles to overcome in conducting clinical trials. While the epidemiological features of the SCAs are immutable, the feasibility of conducting clinical trials is being addressed through a combination of strategies. These include improvements in clinical outcome measures, the identification of imaging and fluid biomarkers, and innovations in clinical trial design. In this review, we highlight current challenges in initiating clinical trials for the SCAs and also discuss pathways for researchers and clinicians to mitigate these challenges and harness opportunities for clinical trial development.
Nanowire Assisted Mechanotyping of Cellular Metastatic Potential
Authors: Paria Debadrita , Convertino Annalisa , Raj Piyush , Glunde Kristine , Chen Yun , Barman Ishan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNanotechnology has provided tools for next generation biomedical devices which rely on nanostructure interfaces with living cells. In vitro biomimetic structures have enabled observation of cell response to various mechanical and chemical cues, and there is a growing interest in isolating and harnessing the specific cues that 3D microenvironments can provide without the requirement for such culture and the experimental drawbacks associated with it. Here, a randomly oriented gold coated Si nanowire substrate with patterned hydrophobic–hydrophilic areas for the differentiation of isogenic breast cancer cells of varying metastatic potential is reported. When considering synthetic surfaces for the study of cell‐nanotopography interfaces, randomly oriented nanowires more closely resemble the isotropic architecture of a natural extracellular matrix. In the study reported here, the authors show that primary cancer cells preferably attach to the hydrophilic region of randomly oriented nanowire substrate while secondary cancer cells do not adhere. Using machine learning analysis of fluorescence images, cells are found to spread and elongate on the nanowire substrates as compared to a flat substrate, where they mostly remain round. Such platforms can not only be used for developing bioassays but also as stepping stones for tissue printing technologies where cells can be selectively patterned at desired locations.