bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing Solutions for Improved Support within Health, Social Care and Criminal Justice for Adults with Learning Disabilities and/or Autism who Have Offended
Authors: HOLLOMOTZ ANDREA , TALBOT JENNY 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPeople with learning disabilities and/or autism encounter considerable challenges on the pathways through the criminal justice and/or forensic health systems. This article presents a thematic analysis of focused discussions between users, professionals and practitioners from health, social care and criminal justice. It is informed by the social model of disability, which dictates its focus on solutions for maximising the full and effective participation of disabled users. Informants raised key challenges, including indirect disability discrimination and risk aversive practice, and evidenced innovative solutions. These include person‐centred, multi‐agency working, screening, information sharing, inclusive service design, nurturing sustainable key relationships and long‐term community support.
Do orthodontic tooth movements induce pulp necrosis? A systematic review
Authors: Weissheimer T. , Silva E. J. N. L. , Pinto K. P. , Só G. B. , Rosa R. A. , Só M. V. R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundOrthodontic tooth movements are performed by applying forces on teeth, which may cause alterations within the dental pulp. Previously published systematic reviews on the subject only included a small number of studies that assessed pulp status through reliable diagnostic methods. Since then, new evidence has been published, and a further systematic review on the subject is necessary.ObjectivesTo evaluate whether there is scientific evidence to support the possibility that orthodontic tooth movements could induce pulp necrosis.MethodsA systematic search of articles published until June 2020 was performed using MeSH and free terms in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, LILACS, SciELO, Web of Science, EMBASE, Open Grey and Grey Literature databases. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs), nonrandomized clinical trials (nRCTs) and longitudinal (prospective or retrospective) studies that evaluated the pulp status of teeth subjected to orthodontic movements using laser Doppler flowmetry or pulse oximetry were included. The revised Cochrane risk of bias tools for randomized trials (RoB 2) and nonrandomized interventions (ROBINS‐I) were used to assess the quality of the included studies. Relevant findings were summarized and evaluated. The overall quality of evidence was assessed through the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool.ResultsInitial screening of databases resulted in 353 studies. In total, 285 studies were excluded because they were duplicates. Of 68 eligible papers, fourteen met the inclusion criteria and were selected for full‐text reading. Two studies were excluded due to the methods used to evaluate pulp status. Twelve studies (five RCTs, one nRCT and six prospective) were included. Four RCTs were classified as having an unclear risk of bias and one as having a high risk of bias. The nRCT was classified as having a low risk of bias. Two prospective studies were classified as having a moderate risk of bias and four as having a serious risk of bias. The GRADE analysis demonstrated a low to very low quality of evidence.DiscussionSignificant limitations regarding the randomization processes within the included RCTs and a lack of control of confounders on most nonrandomized and longitudinal studies were verified.ConclusionsThis systematic review indicates that orthodontic movements do not induce loss of pulp vitality with low to very low certainty of evidence.
Thermodynamic properties of sodium trititanate (Na2Ti3O7) at high temperature (298.15‐1403 K)
Authors: Yang Lilian , Hou Youling , Pei Guishang , Xin Yuntao , Lv Xuewei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (NaIBs) have attracted extraordinary attentions as a promising scalable energy storage alternative to current lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), owing to their natural abundance and low costs. Sodium trititanate (Na2Ti3O7) is a promising material as the material of NaIBs with low potential and high theoretical capacitance. In order to better understand their service performance when utilized in rechargeable NaIBs, studies on thermodynamic properties of Na2Ti3O7 are indispensable. However, an extensive literature review revealed that the heat capacity of Na2Ti3O7 is established with divergences, especially for high‐temperature region. Therefore, the 99.5% purity of Na2Ti3O7 powder was first Synthesized through solid‐state reaction with sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) as raw materials. The as‐prepared samples were used to measure the heat capacity from 573 to 1323 K which was carried out with multihigh temperature calorimeter (MHTC) 96 line. The temperature dependence of heat capacity was modeled as a function: Cp =255.51073 + 0.06059 T − 3.86912 × 106 T−2 (J mol−1 K−1) (298.15 ‐ 1403 K), and then used for computing changes in enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy. Heat capacity of Na2Ti3O7 from 0 to 1403 K was given for future application of Na2Ti3O7 in rechargeable batteries.
Service user involvement in a secure setting before and after the implementation of recovery‐oriented practice: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Hauso Grethe Elly Ytreland , Alsaker Kjersti , Senneseth Mette 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo measure change in service user involvement in secure mental health units, before and after the implementation of recovery‐oriented practice.DesignQuasi‐experimental study pretest–posttest design with non‐equivalent comparison groups.MethodsData were collected from May 2018 to December 2019 in four medium‐/high‐security units in Norway. Two intervention units that implemented recovery‐oriented practice were compared with two comparison units that did not. Data were obtained using anonymous questionnaires at baseline and at 6‐month follow‐up. For intervention units, data were also obtained at a 12‐month follow‐up to measure sustainability of improvements over time. Twenty inpatients (‘patients’; intervention group: 10, comparison group: 10) and 141 members of frontline staff (‘service providers’; intervention group: 92, comparison group: 49) participated at baseline. Mann–Whitney U‐tests and independent sample t‐tests were applied at the group‐level to analyse changes in mean scores in groups.ResultsAmong patients in the intervention units, findings indicated no improvements after 6 months, but significant improvements after 12 months in terms of patients’ opportunities to participate in formulating their individual care plans, to influence decision‐making about therapy and to receive information about complaint procedures. Opportunities to participate in discussions about medication and treatment regimens did not improve. After 6 months, service providers in the intervention units reported an increase in democratic patient involvement, patient collaboration and management support, but not in carer involvement and assisted patient involvement. The improvements in democratic patient involvement and management support were sustained over time. No changes were found in the comparison groups.ConclusionThe patients and the service providers reported a higher degree of service user involvement after implementing recovery‐oriented practice. Specific work is needed to ensure patients’ involvement in all domains.ImpactThe findings are encouraging with respect to the potential to increase empowerment in a restricted setting through the implementation of recovery‐oriented practice.
Revealing serum lipidomic characteristics and potential lipid biomarkers in patients with POEMS syndrome
Authors: Zhao Hao , Gao Xue‐min , Cao Xin‐xin , Zhang Lu , Zhou Dao‐bin , Li Jian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPOEMS syndrome is a rare plasma cell dyscrasia with distinct lipid metabolism abnormalities at disease onset. However, the serum lipidomic characteristics in patients with POEMS syndrome were not investigated. The study performed an untargeted lipidome screening by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LS‐MS/MS) in the pre‐ and post‐treatment serum of 24 patients with POEMS syndrome, together with the serum of 24 paired healthy controls. Patients with POEMS syndrome had a distinct serum lipid composition compared with healthy controls, and a 3‐lipid model had a predictive accuracy of 93.5% in distinguishing patients and healthy controls consisting of fatty acyl 17‐oxo‐20Z‐hexacosenoic acid, phosphatidylcholine(16:0/18:1(9Z)) and sterol lipid 5b‐pregnanediol. Four lipids including 17‐oxo‐20Z‐hexacosenoic acid (r = 0.423, P = .040) were correlated with risk stratification, and 2 lipids including Cer(d18:0/13:0) were inversely related to serum vascular endothelial growth factor level (r=−0.465, P = .022). Eleven lipids were related to disease activity, including arachidonic acid which was inversely related and lysoPC(20:4) which was positively related. The study indicated a distinct lipid characteristic profile of patients with POEMS syndrome different from healthy controls and identified several lipids that may serve as potential diagnostic markers and monitors of therapeutic efficacy, as well as indicating potential metabolism pathways involved in the pathological process.
Competency‐based training in the supervision of relational telemental supervision
Authors: Springer Paul R. , Bischoff Richard J. , Taylor Nathan C. , Neuhaus Vanessa , Leow Cassandra 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSupervision has long been considered essential to developing effective mental health practice, especially among COAMFTE accredited training programs. But with telemental health rapidly being accepted as a standard treatment medium for couple and family therapy, there is little guidance about how to supervise clinicians who are engaged in telemental health practice. This paper presents an important step toward increasing the effectiveness of the supervision of therapists who are delivering relational therapies online through the identification of relational competencies unique to this delivery medium. These competencies have been adopted and integrated into a COAMFTE accredited master's degree program that has been providing training in telemental health since 2008. The competencies are described, and supervision strategies that can be utilized and developmentally assessed throughout the program will be detailed.
Illness perceptions of Israeli hospitalized patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Ganz Freda DeKeyser , Raanan Ofra , Shafir Gennady , Levy Dassy , Klempfner Robert , Beigel Roy , Iakobishvili Zaza 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundIllness perceptions (IPs) can affect cardiac health behaviours and outcomes.Aims and objectivesTo investigate IPs among patients hospitalized with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).DesignLongitudinal survey.MethodsThe ACS Israel Study is a national, biennial registry, enrolling all patients with ACS admitted to cardiac intensive care or cardiology wards in Israel within a 2‐month period. Data includes demographics, medical history, and treatment for ACS using an electronic database. In 2018, a nursing component was added, including the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and a two‐stage cluster analysis.ResultsA total of 990 subjects were surveyed. Mean age was 62.8 (SD = 12.5) and most respondents were male and married. Mean IP scores ranged from 3.28 to 6.06. Three clusters were found; one only of women and two only of men (one cluster with lower IPs and little previous medical history and cardiac risk factors and the second with higher IPs, greater medical history, and cardiac risk factors. Those with higher education scored lower on several IPs.ConclusionsSubjects were moderately cognitively and emotionally impacted by their illness. Men tended to perceive their illness as having either a relatively strong or a relatively weak emotional and cognitive impact on their lives, where women were somewhere in‐between. Participants with an academic education perceived less of an impact of the illness while those with a previous history of chronic disease reported the opposite. It is recommended that educational interventions and in‐depth qualitative studies be designed that investigate the development of IPs during hospitalization to potentially improve cardiac health behaviours, especially among those without a previous medical history and cardiac risk factors.Relevance to clinical practiceThose without a history of chronic disease or a lower level of education are less likely to absorb the full impact of a cardiac event while hospitalized and should, therefore, be monitored more closely and coached with greater intensity than other groups while still in‐hospital.
Emergency percutaneous coronary intervention and stent implantation: Patients' lived experiences
Authors: Simeone Silvio , Vellone Ercole , Pucciarelli Gianluca , Alvaro Rosaria 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundGiven that emergency procedures must be performed immediately and without the possibility of sufficiently informing and preparing a patient, the lived experiences of patients who undergo emergency procedures and those who undergo elective procedures may well differ. Elucidating the lived experiences of patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent implantation in an emergency situation is crucial because such knowledge might prove helpful in tailoring post‐procedure interventions intended to improve the lives of PCI patients.AimTo describe the experiences of patients 1 month after they underwent emergency PCI with coronary stent implantation.MethodsCohen's phenomenology was applied in this study. This method combines the characteristics of descriptive (Husserlian) phenomenology with those of interpretative (Gadmerian) phenomenology, and it is by nature an inductive approach. The participants were enrolled 1 month after undergoing PCI with coronary stent implantation. They were interviewed using open‐ended questions to provide them full freedom of expression. They were asked to describe their experiences of the PCI and stent implementation they have gone through. This study followed the recommendations of the Standard for Reporting Qualitative Research.ResultsOur sample consisted of 15 participants. Data analysis revealed three main themes: (1) catheter lab and pain, (2) anxiety and feeling uncertain about the future, and (3) lifestyle changes. The anxiety theme encompassed two subthemes: (a) anxiety related to the procedure and (b) anxiety related to the continuation of life.ConclusionOur study is one of the first works to explicitly investigate the lived experiences of patients who underwent emergency PCI. Understanding the experiences of these patients is key in understanding their realistic needs and concerns.Relevance to clinical practiceKnowledge of the lived experiences of patients who underwent emergency PCI with coronary stent implantation is fundamental in identifying aspects that warrant tailored interventions.
Abiotic stress through time
Authors: Markham Kathleen K. , Greenham Kathleen 
Published: March 2021

SummaryThroughout plant evolution the circadian clock has expanded into a complex signaling network, coordinating physiological and metabolic processes with the environment. Early land plants faced new environmental pressures that required energy‐demanding stress responses. Integrating abiotic stress response into the circadian system provides control over daily energy expenditure. Here, we describe the evolution of the circadian clock in plants and the limited, yet compelling, evidence for conserved regulation of abiotic stress. The need to introduce abiotic stress tolerance into current crops has expanded research into wild accessions and revealed extensive variation in circadian clock parameters across monocot and eudicot species. We argue that research into the ancestral links between the clock and abiotic stress will benefit crop improvement efforts.
Physiological response of Populus nigra ‘Italica’ to galling aphids feeding
Authors: Kmieć K. , Kot I. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Although gall‐inducing aphids, namely Pemphigus bursarius (L.) and P. phenax Börner et Blunck, are widely known as serious pests for their secondary hosts (lettuce and carrot, respectively), the physiological mechanism of their gall induction on Populus L. trees still requires a better understanding.

In this study, we compared physiological parameters, i.e. H2O2, electrolyte leakage (EL), MDA, APX and GPOD. Changes in physiological parameters were analysed in foliar tissues with galls and in the gall tissues themselves and compared to leaves without galls.

Significantly higher H2O2 levels were observed in P. phenax galls when compared to leaves with galls. In turn, the highest EL of cells and MDA content was in P. bursarius galls. Other samples had lower or similar oxidative stress marker levels to leaves without galls. APX and GPOD had similar activity profiles in galls of both aphid species. Their activity decreased significantly in gall tissues, where it was even ten‐fold lower than in leaves without galls.

Data generated in this study indicate that patterns of the physiological features, e.g. ROS accumulation and cell membrane integrity, of Populus leaves with galls and galls alone depends on the gall‐inducing aphid species. Where decreased APX and GPOD activity, especially in gall tissues, indicated a reduction in the antioxidant potential of these neoformed structures.
Genetic improvement technologies to support the sustainable growth of UK aquaculture
Authors: Regan Tim , Bean Tim P. , Ellis Tim , Davie Andrew , Carboni Stefano , Migaud Herve , Houston Ross D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhile the UK is the fourth largest aquaculture producer in Europe by volume, it is the second largest by value with an annual first sale value of around £1 billion. Over 90% of this value is from Atlantic salmon farmed in Scotland, but other finfish and shellfish aquaculture species are important to several UK regions. In this review, we describe the state of the art in UK aquaculture breeding and stock supply, and how innovation in genetics technologies can help achieve the Scottish Government’s ambitious target of doubling its aquaculture industry by 2030. Particular attention is given to the four most important UK aquaculture species: Atlantic salmon, rainbow trout, blue mussel and Pacific oyster, and we contrast the highly variable level of selective breeding and genomics technologies used in these sectors. A major factor in the success of Atlantic salmon farming has been large‐scale investment in modern breeding programmes, including family selection programmes and genomic selection. This has proven cost‐effective at scale, leading to improved production efficiency and reduction of some infectious diseases. We discuss the feasibility of applying similar technologies to the UK shellfish sectors, to ensure consistent and robust spat supply and begin trait selection. Furthermore, we discuss species‐specific application of modern breeding technologies in a global context, and the future potential of genomics and genome editing technologies to improve commercially desirable traits. Increased adoption of modern breeding technologies will assist UK aquaculture industries to meet the challenges for sustainable expansion, and remain competitive in a global market.
Correlates of perceived caring behaviour of formal caregivers in long‐term care facilities: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Hwang Huei‐Lih , Tu Chin‐Tang , Kuo Tian‐Yuan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundResearchers have identified several factors that correlate with the caring behaviours of formal caregivers in long‐term care facilities (LTCFs). However, a limited range of socio‐demographic factors has been discussed, and no studies have discussed the combined effects of the institutional characteristics of the LTCF and the personal characteristics (i.e. bio‐psycho‐socio‐spiritual attributes) of the formal caregiver on the caring behaviour.AimThe aim of this study was to examine caring behaviours of formal caregivers for older residents of LTCFs and to explore factors that explain and predict the caring behaviours of them.MethodsA valid sample of 224 formal caregivers (nurses and nurse aids) employed at 56 LTCFs (21 nursing homes and 35 assisted living facilities) was analysed. Hierarchical regression analysis with two‐tailed significance test was used to investigate whether the caring behaviours of the caregivers were independently associated with the characteristics of the caregivers or the institutions.FindingsCaring behaviours of the formal caregivers had significant positive associations with their job satisfaction (β = 0.152, p < 0.05) and with their perceived satisfaction of LTCF residents (β = 0.214, p < 0.001).The organisational‐level analysis revealed that caring behaviours had positive associations with accreditation level (β = 0.163, p < 0.01) and with nurse‐aid staffing level (β = 0.126, p < 0.05). Additionally, the caring behaviour had positive associations with their attitude towards older adults (β = 0.193, p < 0.01) and with their self‐transcendence (β = 0.184, p < 0.01). These two factors explained 42.2% of the variance in the caring behaviours of caregivers.Conclusion and implicationsCaring behaviours were related to both personal characteristics (attributes, mindset) and organisational characteristics. By clarifying factors in the caring behaviours of caregivers, this study provides information that LTCFs can use to develop strategies for managing their caregivers and that policymakers can use to establish and implement healthcare policies for older populations.
Caesarean section rate in Nigeria between 2013 and 2018 by obstetric risk and socio‐economic status
Authors: Berglundh Sofia , Benova Lenka , Olisaekee Gladys , Hanson Claudia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesCaesarean section (CS) can be life‐saving for both mother and child, but in Nigeria the CS rate remains low, at 2.7% of births. We aimed to estimate the rate of CS and early neonatal mortality in Nigeria according to obstetric risk and socio‐economic background and to identify factors associated with CS.MethodsWe used the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey, encompassing 33 924 live births within the last 5 years, to estimate the CS rate and early neonatal mortality rate (ENMR) by obstetric risk group, informed by the Robson classification. The CS rate and ENMR were assessed within each Robson group and stratified by socio‐economic background. Logistic regression analyses were used to explore determinants of CS.ResultsAlmost three‐quarters (72.4%) of all births were to multiparous women, with a singleton baby of normal birthweight, thus a low‐risk group similar to Robson 3, and with a CS rate of 1.0%. CS rates in the two high‐risk groups (multiple pregnancy and preterm/low birthweight) were low, 7.1% (95% CI: 5.2–9.7) and 1.8 % (95% CI: 1.4–2.4), respectively. The ENMR was particularly high for multiple pregnancy (175 per 1000 live births; 95% CI: 131–230). Greater number of antenatal visits, unwanted pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, household wealth, maternal education, Christians/Others versus Muslims and referral during childbirth were positively associated with CS.ConclusionInequitable access to CS is not limited to socio‐economic determinants, but also related to obstetric risk factors, calling for increased efforts to improve access to CS for high‐risk pregnancies.