bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A prospective multicenter study of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle biopsy using a 22‐gauge Franseen needle for pancreatic solid lesions
Authors: Ishigaki Kazunaga , Nakai Yousuke , Sasahira Naoki , Sugimori Kazuya , Kitamura Katsuya , Iwai Tomohisa , Matsubara Saburo , Shimura Kenji , Itoi Takao , Ryozawa Shomei , Ushio Jun , Doi Shinpei , Imazu Hiroo , Maetani Iruru , Isayama Hiroyuki ,   Acquire Study Group
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and AimWhile encouraging data of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided fine‐needle biopsy (EUS‐FNB) using a 22‐gauge Franseen needle have been reported, large‐scale data of per pass and quantitative analyses are still lacking.MethodsThis was a multicenter prospective study of EUS‐FNB using the 22‐gauge Franseen needle for a pancreatic solid lesion. Cytological and histological analyses per pass were evaluated and semi‐quantitative analyses were performed on core tissue and blood contamination. Primary end‐point was diagnostic accuracy per session. Prognostic factors were analyzed for diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, core tissue, and blood contamination.ResultsA total of 629 passes were performed in 244 cases at 14 centers between 2018 and 2019. The median tumor size was 29 mm, and the puncture was transduodenal in 43%. The median pass number was 2. Diagnostic accuracy per session, at a first pass, and per pass were 93%, 90%, and 88%. In 198 cases with pancreatic cancer, diagnostic sensitivity per session, at a first pass, and per pass were 94%, 89%, and 89%. The rates of core tissue score of 4 and blood contamination score of 3 were 50% and 47%. The adverse event rate was 1.6%. In the multivariate analysis, tumor size ≤20 mm (odds ratio [OR] of 0.46, P = 0.03), transduodenal puncture (OR of 0.53, P = 0.04), and suction (OR of 0.16, P = 0.01) were associated with lower diagnostic accuracy.ConclusionsThe EUS‐FNB using the 22‐gauge Franseen needle for pancreatic solid lesions showed high per pass and overall diagnostic accuracy.
Risk factors for laminitis and nonsurvival in acute colitis: Retrospective study of 85 hospitalized horses (2011‐2019)
Authors: Luethy Daniela , Feldman Rose , Stefanovski Darko , Aitken Maia R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcute colitis is a serious cause of morbidity and death in horses. Recent studies have compared clinical features of coronavirus and salmonellosis, but no study has compared clinical features of enteric salmonellosis, coronavirus, and neorickettsiosis.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo identify risk factors for laminitis and nonsurvival to discharge in horses with enteric salmonellosis, coronavirus, or neorickettsiosis.AnimalsEighty‐five horses hospitalized for acute colitis from 2011 to 2019.MethodsRetrospective case series. Medical record review (2011‐2019) of adult (≥2 years) horses with colitis. Primary outcomes were laminitis and survival to discharge. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess association between variables and the development of laminitis. Stepwise Cox regression was performed to assess association between variables and survival.ResultsSeventeen of 85 (20%) horses developed laminitis during hospitalization. Neorickettsiosis cases (11/26, 42%) were more likely to develop laminitis than coronavirus (0/16, 0%) cases (odds ratio [OR] 24.48; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.33‐451.74, P = .03). There was no significant difference in laminitis between salmonellosis and neorickettsiosis cases (OR 0.27; 95% CI: 0.07‐1.07, P = .06). Admission heart rate (OR 1.08; 95% CI: 1.02‐1.15, P = .01), total solids (OR 0.17; 95% CI: 0.06‐0.54, P = .003), band neutrophils (OR 1248.47; 95% CI: 6.62‐235 540, P = .008), and bicarbonate concentration (OR 0.68; 95% CI: 0.5‐0.92, P = .01) were predictive of development of laminitis during hospitalization. Sixty‐three of 85 (74%) horses survived to discharge: 16/16 (100%) coronavirus cases, 17/26 (65%) neorickettsiosis cases, 14/20 (70%) salmonellosis cases, and 16/23 (70%) unknown cases. Packed cell volume (hazard ratio [HR] 1.17; 95% CI: 1.09‐1.26, P < .001), L‐lactate concentration (HR 1.33; 95% CI: 1.14‐1.55, P < .001), and development of laminitis (HR 7.07; 95% CI: 1.67‐29.95, P = .008) were retained in the final multivariable model for prediction of nonsurvival to discharge.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceNonsurvival and laminitis rates were high, likely related to the presence of neorickettsiosis in the region.
Effects of intragastric balloon in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and advanced fibrosis
Authors: Salomone Federico , Currenti Walter , Magrì Giovanni , Boškoski Ivo , Zelber‐Sagi Shira , Galvano Fabio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsEffective therapy for clinically significant fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an unmet need. Data on the effectiveness of endoscopic placement of intragastric balloon (IGB) in patients with NAFLD are limited. In this study, we evaluated the impact of IGB placement in NAFLD patients with advanced fibrosis.MethodsWe retrospectively assessed the effects of the Orbera™ fluid‐filled IGB in a cohort of obese patients with liver stiffness ≥9.7 kPa (corresponding to F3‐F4). Patients with endoscopic signs of portal hypertension were excluded. Changes in metabolic and liver parameters from baseline to follow‐up (6 mo) were assessed.ResultsA total of 26 obese patients, aged 53 [44 ‐ 62] years, with BMI 35.1 ± 4.7 kg/m2 were included. All patients achieved a significant body weight loss (106 ± 19.7 vs. 92 ± 18.3 kg, P < .001) and waist circumference reduction (116 ± 13.3 vs. 104 ± 13.4 kg, P < .001) at 6‐month follow‐up after IGB placement. Weight loss induced by IGB lowered blood glucose (140 [112; 169] vs. 118 [94; 144] mg/dl, P < .01), glycated hemoglobin (7.5 ± 1.3 vs. 6.6 ± 1.2%, P < .001), FIB‐4 (3.2 ± 0.7 vs. 2.7 ± 0.8, P < .001), liver stiffness (13.3 ± 3.2 vs. 11.3 ± 2.8 kPa, P < .001) and controlled attenuation parameter (355 [298‐400] vs. 296 [255‐352] dB/m, P < .01). Gastroesophageal reflux symptoms were common, but no severe adverse event was observed.ConclusionObese patients with advanced liver fibrosis, treated with 6‐month IGB, can achieve regression of fibrosis as assessed by reduction of liver stiffness and FIB‐4. Randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Whistle characteristics of a newly recorded Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) population in waters southwest of Hainan Island, China, differ from other humpback dolphin populations
Authors: Dong Lijun , Caruso Francesco , Dong Jianchen , Liu Mingming , Lin Mingli , Li Songhai 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIndo‐Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) use whistles to communicate with their conspecifics. Little is known about the acoustic repertoire of Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphins in waters southwest of Hainan Island, a newly recorded population in 2014. In this study, whistles of Hainan humpback dolphin population were collected by using autonomous acoustic recorders. The fundamental frequencies and durations of whistles were in ranges of 0.71–21.35 kHz and 0.06–2.22 s, respectively. Significant intraspecific differences in duration and frequency of whistles were found between the Hainan population and the other geographically neighboring populations (in Chinese waters) or the population in Malaysia waters. Compared with other Sousa species, significant interspecific differences were also observed. Based on clustering analysis, the whistle parameters of neighboring populations were likely similar to each other. Significant differences were found between humpback dolphins in waters southwest of Hainan Island and those dolphins in the neighboring areas, supporting the hypothesis that this population may be independent. Ambient noise measurements in waters of Hainan Island, Zhanjiang, and Sanniang Bay showed that humpback dolphin populations may use whistles with longer duration, lower frequency, and fewer inflection points for more effective communication to adapt to a noisier environment.
Is paediatric endotracheal suctioning by nurses evidence based? An International Survey
Authors: Rad Laura L. , Carter Bernie , Curley Martha A. Q. , Copnell Beverley , Tume Lyvonne N. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundEndotracheal suction (ETS) is essential in intubated patients to prevent tube occlusion and is one of the most common nursing interventions performed in intensive care.Aims and objectivesTo explore how paediatric ETS practices reflect evidence‐based practice (EBP) recommendations in paediatric intensive care units (PICU) worldwide.Study design and methodsA cross‐sectional electronic survey linked to a real patient suction episode. Nurses completed the survey following a recent ETS episode. Evidence‐based practice (EBP) was defined based on four of the American Association for Respiratory Care (AARC) best evidence recommendations: pre‐oxygenation before suction, use of a suction catheter no more than half the diameter of the tracheal tube, shallow depth of suction, and the continuous suction applied upon withdrawal of the catheter. Participants included PICU nurses who performed ETS in children (0‐17 years) excluding preterm neonates.ResultsFour hundred forty‐six complete surveys were received from 20 countries. Most nurses (80%, 367/446) reported that their units had local guidelines for ETS. The most common reason for suctioning (44%) was audible/visible secretions. Over half of ETS episodes (57%) used closed suction. When exploring the individual components of suction, 63% (282/446) of nurses pre‐oxygenated their patient prior to suction, 71% (319/446) suctioned no further than 0.5 cm past end of the endotracheal tube (ETT), 59% (261/446) used a catheter no more than half the diameter of the ETT, and 78% (348/446) used continuous negative pressure. 24% of nurses gave patients an additional bolus of sedative, analgesic, and/or muscle‐relaxant medication prior to suction; this decision was not related to the child's history of instability with suction, as there was no significant difference in those who reported patients had a history of being unstable with suction (P = .80). 26% (117/446) of nurses complied with all four EBP components in the reported suctioning episode.ConclusionsConsiderable variation in paediatric endotracheal suctioning practices exists internationally. Although most nurses applied single components of evidence‐based recommendations during ETT suctioning, just a quarter applied all four elements.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses need to consider and strive to apply EBP principles to common nursing interventions such as ETS.
Expression of Myosin 5a splice variants in murine stomach
Authors: Carew Josephine A. , Cristofaro Vivian , Siegelman Nicolas A. , Goyal Raj K. , Sullivan Maryrose P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe motor protein, Myosin 5a (Myo5a) is known to play a role in inhibitory neurotransmission in gastric fundus. However, there is no information regarding the relative expression of total Myo5a, or of its alternative exon splice variants, across the stomach. This study investigated the differential distribution of Myo5a variants expressed within distinct anatomical regions of murine stomach.MethodsThe distribution of Myo5a protein and mRNA in the stomach was assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy and fluorescent in situ hybridization. Quantitative PCR, restriction enzyme analysis, and electrophoresis were used to identify Myo5a splice variants and quantify their expression levels in the fundus, body, antrum, and pylorus.Key ResultsMyo5a protein colocalized with βIII‐Tubulin in the myenteric plexus, and with synaptophysin in nerve fibers. Total Myo5a mRNA expression was lower in pylorus than in antrum, body, or fundus (p < 0.001), which expressed equivalent amounts of Myo5a. However, Myo5a splice variants were differentially expressed across the stomach. While the ABCE splice variant predominated in the antrum and body regions, the ACEF/ACDEF variants were enriched in fundus and pylorus.Conclusions and InferencesMyo5a splice variants varied in their relative expression across anatomically distinguishable stomach regions and might mediate distinct physiological functions in gastric neurotransmission.
HPV vaccine promotion: Snapshot of two health departments during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Kovar Cheryl L. , Pestaner Mitzi , Webb Corbett Robin , Rose Carol Lynn 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has impacted routine health care services including immunization delivery. The most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States is the human papillomavirus (HPV), and its sequelae may be prevented by vaccination. Sequelae that can develop if one's immune system is not able to clear the infection include warts, precancerous lesions, and cancer. The American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists (ACOG) reports almost everyone who is sexually active will encounter the virus at some time during their life. Most of the estimated 79 million infections occur among people who are in their late teens or early 20s. Since 2006, there has been a vaccine available to prevent HPV infections in both males and females; however, administration of this vaccine has only been about half the rate of other vaccines and vaccine hesitancy may play a role. Public health nurses are vital in providing accurate and nonjudgmental vaccine education to their clients, especially unaccompanied minors seeking care in public health department clinics. This paper will explore the recommendations for providing this vaccine as well as a snapshot of current practice in two health departments in the Southeast region of the United States during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Structural basis for positive allosteric modulation of AMPA and kainate receptors
Authors: Frydenvang Karla , Pickering Darryl S. , Kastrup Jette Sandholm 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper summarizes the present knowledge on how positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) interact with the ligand‐binding domain (LBD) of AMPA and kainate receptors, based on structure determinations. AMPA and kainate receptors belong to the family of ionotropic glutamate receptors that are responsible for mediating the majority of fast excitatory neurotransmission. These receptors have been related to brain disorders, e.g. Alzheimer's disease and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. PAMs are small molecules that potentiate AMPA and kainate receptor currents by interfering with receptor desensitization. Therefore, PAMs are considered to be of interest for the development of pharmacological tools. Whereas PAMs for AMPA receptors have been known for several years, only recently have PAMs for kainate receptors been reported. Today, >80 structures are available for AMPA receptors with PAMs. These PAMs bind at the interface between two LBD subunits in the vicinity of residue 775, which is important for functional differences between flip and flop isoforms of AMPA receptors. PAMs can be divided into five classes based on their binding mode. The most potent PAM reported to date belongs to class 3, which comprises dimerized PAMs. Three structures of the kainate receptor GluK1 were determined with PAMs belonging to class 2. One PAM enhances kainate receptor currents 5‐ to 59‐fold but shows 100‐fold lower potency compared to AMPA receptors. Selective PAMs for kainate receptors will be of great use as pharmacological tools for functional investigations in vivo and might potentially prove useful as drugs in controlling the activity of neuronal networks.
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Thermal and Tribological Performance of Graphite Flake-Based Magnetorheological Fluid Under Shear Mode Clutch
Authors: Thakur Manish Kumar , Sarkar Chiranjit 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this research work, graphite flake has been used as an additive in magnetorheological (MR) fluid to improve its thermal and tribological performance. MR fluids with varying amounts of graphite flakes (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wt%) are prepared to show effective thermal and tribological performance. A test rig is developed with a DC motor, torque sensor, and MR clutch operated in a shear mode to test the torque transmission. Results show the lubrication effects of graphite flakes in the MR fluid. Torque transmission is improved in on-state and off-state using graphite flakes-based MR fluid as compared with conventional MR fluid. Heating of the MR clutch is also reduced with the graphite flakes-based MR fluid. Wear marks and damages are decreased significantly with the increased amount of graphite flakes as found in surface roughness tests. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy are used to characterize the worn surfaces. This research provides information about the effectiveness of graphite flakes in the MR clutch to improve the device’s performance.
Antidiabetic E4orf1 protein prevents hepatic steatosis and reduces markers of aging-related cellular damage in high fat fed older mice
Authors: Mostofinejad Zahra , Akheruzzaman Md , Abu Bakkar Siddik Md , Patkar Presheet , Dhurandhar Nikhil V , Hegde Vijay 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionOlder age is associated with greater prevalence of hyperinsulinemia, type 2 diabetes, and fatty liver disease. These metabolic conditions and aging are bidirectionally linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and telomere attrition. Although effectively addressing these conditions is important for influencing the health and the lifespan, it is particularly challenging in older age. We reported that E4orf1, a protein derived from human adenovirus Ad36, reduces hyperinsulinemia, improves glucose clearance, and protects against hepatic steatosis in younger mice exposed to high fat diet (HFD). Here, we tested if E4orf1 will improve glycemic control, liver fat accumulation, mitochondrial integrity, and reduce telomere attrition in older mice.Research design and methodsWe used 9-month-old mice that inducibly expressed E4orf1 in adipose tissue and non-E4orf1 expressing control mice. Mice were maintained on a 60% (kcal) HFD for 20 weeks and glycemic control was determined by intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test at week 20. Following 20 weeks of HF-feeding, mice were sacrificed and liver tissues collected to determine the expression of aging genes using qRT-PCR based RT2Profiler PCR array.ResultsCompared with the control mice, E4orf1 significantly improved glycemic control and reduced hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. Additionally, E4orf1 maintained markers of mitochondrial integrity and telomere attrition.ConclusionE4orf1 has the potential to improve glycemic control in older mice, and the improvement persists even after longer term exposure. E4orf1 expression also maintains mitochondrial integrity and telomere attrition, thus delaying age-associated diseases. This provides strong evidence for therapeutic utility of E4orf1 in improving age-associated metabolic and cellular changes that occur with aging in humans.
The mortality effects of disregarding the strategy to save doses of measles vaccine: a cluster-randomised trial in Guinea-Bissau
Authors: Byberg Stine , Aaby Peter , Rodrigues Amabelia , Stabell Benn Christine , Fisker Ane Baerent 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionMeasles vaccine (MV) may improve health beyond measles protection. To avoid wastage from multi-dose vials, children in Guinea-Bissau are only measles vaccinated when aged 9–11 months and when six or more children are present. We assessed health impacts of providing MV to all measles-unvaccinated children 9–35 months.MethodsWe cluster-randomised 182 village clusters under demographic surveillance in rural Guinea-Bissau to an ‘MV-for-all-policy’ arm where we offered MV regardless of age and number of children present at our bi-annual village visits, or a ‘Restrictive-MV-policy’ arm where we followed national policy. Measles-unvaccinated children aged 9–35 months were eligible for enrolment and followed to 5 years of age. In intention-to-treat analyses, we compared mortality using Cox regression analyses with age as underlying timescale. The primary analysis was for children aged 12–35 months at eligibility assessment. Interactions with several background factors were explored.ResultsBetween 2011 and 2016, we followed 2778 children in the primary analysis. MV coverage by 3 years was 97% among children eligible for enrolment under the MV-for-all-policy, and 48% under the Restrictive-MV-policy. Mortality was 59% lower than anticipated and did not differ by trial arm (MV-for-all-policy: 45/1405: Restrictive-MV-policy: 44/1373; HR: 0.95 (95% CI 0.64 to 1.43)). The effect of MV-for-all changed over time: The HR was 0.53 (95% CI 0.27 to 1.07) during the first 1½ years of enrolment but 1.47 (95% CI 0.87 to 2.50) later (p=0.02, test of interaction). Explorative analyses indicated that the temporal change may be related to interactions with other childhood interventions.ConclusionThe MV-for-all-policy increased MV coverage but had no overall effect on overall mortality.Trial registration numberNCT01306006.
Comparing vision and macular thickness in neovascular age-related macular degeneration, diabetic macular oedema and retinal vein occlusion patients treated with intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor injections in clinical practice
Authors: Gurung Rajya L , FitzGerald Liesel M , McComish Bennet J , Hewitt Alex W , Verma Nitin , Burdon Kathryn P 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo compare the visual outcomes of intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), diabetic macular oedema (DMO) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) in a real-world setting.Methods and analysisRetrospective analysis of data from the Tasmanian Ophthalmic Biobank database. The median change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) between baseline and 12 months post initiating intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment were compared between the three diseases. Final BCVA, central macular thickness (CMT), cumulative number of injections and overall predictors of change in BCVA and CMT were also determined.ResultsAt 12 months, change in BCVA was significantly different between nAMD, DMO and RVO cohorts (p=0.032), with lower median change for DMO (2 letters, range −5 to 20) than for RVO (11 letters, range −20 to 35). Likewise, CMT change was significantly different between the three cohorts (p=0.022), with a smaller reduction in CMT in DMO (−54 µm, range −482 to 50) than RVO patients (−137 µm, range −478 to 43; p=0.033). Total number of injections received (p=0.028) and final BCVA score (p=0.024) were also significantly different between the groups. Baseline BCVA was a negative predictor (p=0.042) and baseline CMT a positive predictor (p<0.001) of outcome. After adjusting for baseline BCVA and CMT, diagnosis of nAMD or RVO was a predictor of visual improvement compared with the DMO.ConclusionsAt the end of 12 months, nAMD and RVO cohorts had the greatest improvement in BCVA, however the final BCVA for DMO was significantly better than for nAMD.