bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficiency studies of modified IFAS-OSA system upgraded by an anoxic sludge holding tank
Authors: Fazelipour Mansour , Takdastan Afshin , Borghei Seyed Mehdi , Kiasat Neda , Glodniok Marcin , Zawartka Paweł 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAn upgraded integrated fixed-film activated sludge-oxic settling anoxic (IFAS-OSA) system is a new technology for reducing nutrients and excess sludge. The results showed that the average TN removal efficiency of the IFAS-OSA system was gradually increased up to 7.5%, while the PO4–3-P removal efficiency increased up-to 27%, compared with that of the IFAS system. The COD removal efficiency of the IFAS-OSA system was slightly increased up-to 5.4% and TSS removal efficiency increased up to 10.5% compared with the control system. Biomass yield coefficient (Yobs) in the IFAS and IFAS-OSA systems were 0.44 and 0.24 (gr MLSS/ gr COD). Hence, sludge production decreased by 45%. The average SVI was decreased by 48% in IFAS-OSA system compared with IFAS. This study demonstrated the better performance of the IFAS-OSA system compared to that of the IFAS system.
Effect of topography and weather on delivery of automatic electrical defibrillator by drone for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Choi Dong Sun , Hong Ki Jeong , Shin Sang Do , Lee Chang-Gun , Kim Tae Han , Cho Youngeun , Song Kyoung Jun , Ro Young Sun , Park Jeong Ho , Kim Ki Hong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDelivery of automatic electrical defibrillator (AED) by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was suggested for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The goal of this study is to assess the effect of topographic and weather conditions on call to AED attach time by UAV-AED. We included OHCA patients from 2013 to 2016 in Seoul, South Korea. We developed a UAV-AED flight simulator using topographic information of Seoul for Euclidean and topographic flight pathway including vertical flight to overcome high-rise structures. We used 4 kinds of UAV flight scenarios according to weather conditions or visibility. Primary outcome was emergency medical service (EMS) call to AED attach time. Secondary outcome was pre-arrival rate of UAV-AED before current EMS based AED delivery. Call to AED attach time in topographic pathway was 7.0 min in flight and control advanced UAV and 8.0 min in basic UAV model. Pre-arrival rate in Euclidean pathway was 38.0% and 16.3% for flight and control advanced UAV and basic UAV. Pre-arrival rate in the topographic pathway was 27.0% and 11.7%, respectively. UAV-AED topographic flight took longer call to AED attach time than Euclidean pathway. Pre-arrival rate of flight and control advanced UAV was decreased in topographic flight pathway compared to Euclidean pathway.
Dual role of neutrophils in modulating liver injury and fibrosis during development and resolution of diet-induced murine steatohepatitis
Authors: Kim Andrea D. , Kim Sung Eun , Leszczynska Aleksandra , Kaufmann Benedikt , Reca Agustina , Kim Dong Joon , Feldstein Ariel E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInflammatory changes in the liver represent a key feature of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the progressive form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Innate immune activation including hepatic neutrophilic infiltration acts as an important inflammatory trigger as well as a potential mediator of inflammation resolution. In this study, we dissected the effects of neutrophil depletion via anti-lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus G6D (Ly6G) antibodies administration during ongoing high fat-fructose-cholesterol (FFC) diet-induced murine NASH and during inflammation resolution by switching into a low-fat control diet. During NASH progression, protective effects were shown as HSC activation, cell infiltration and activation of pro-inflammatory macrophages were ameliorated. Furthermore, these changes were contrasted with the effects observed when neutrophil depletion was performed during the resolution phase. Impaired resolving mechanisms, such as a failure to balance the pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines ratio, deficient macrophage phenotypic switch into a pro-restorative profile, and defective repair and remodeling processes were observed when neutrophils were depleted in this scenario. This study described phase-dependent contrasting roles of neutrophils as triggers and pro-resolutive mediators of liver injury and fibrosis associated with diet-induced NASH in mice. These findings have important translational implications at the time of designing NASH therapeutic strategies.
The weak evidence of lip print analysis for sexual dimorphism in forensic dentistry: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: Franco Ademir , Lima Lorenna Keren Gomes , de Oliveira Murilo Navarro , de Andrade Vieira Walbert , Blumenberg Cauane , Costa Márcio Magno , Paranhos Luiz Renato 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the prevalence of lip print patterns among males and females, and to test the diagnostic accuracy of lip pattern analysis for sexual dimorphism in forensic dentistry. A systematic literature review was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. The search was performed in six primary databases and three databases to cover part of the grey literature. Observational and diagnostic accuracy studies that investigated lip print patterns through cheiloscopy for sexual dimorphism were selected. Risk of bias was assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool. Proportion meta-analysis using random effects was fitted to pool the accuracy of cheiloscopy. The odds of correctly identifying males and females was assessed through a random effects meta-analysis. GRADE approach was used to assess certainty of evidence. The search found 3,977 records, published between 1982 and 2019. Seventy-two studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in the qualitative analysis (n = 22,965 participants), and twenty-two studies were sampled for meta-analysis. Fifty studies had low risk of bias. Suzuki and Tsuchihashi’s technique was the most prevalent among studies. The accuracy of sexual dimorphism through cheiloscopy ranged between 52.7 and 93.5%, while the pooled accuracy was 76.8% (95% CI = 65.8; 87.7). There was no difference between the accuracy to identify males or females (OR = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.26; 1.99). The large spectrum of studies on sexual dimorphism via cheiloscopy depicted accuracy percentage rates that rise uncertainty and concern. The unclear performance of the technique could lead to wrong forensic practice.
Asthma and obesity: endotoxin another insult to add to injury?
Authors: Lad Nikita , Murphy Alice M. , Parenti Cristina , Nelson Carl P. , Williams Neil C. , Sharpe Graham R. , McTernan Philip G. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Low-grade inflammation is often an underlying cause of several chronic diseases such as asthma, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Defining the mediators of such chronic low-grade inflammation often appears dependent on which disease is being investigated. However, downstream systemic inflammatory cytokine responses in these diseases often overlap, noting there is no doubt more than one factor at play to heighten the inflammatory response. Furthermore, it is increasingly believed that diet and an altered gut microbiota may play an important role in the pathology of such diverse diseases. More specifically, the inflammatory mediator endotoxin, which is a complex lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from the outer membrane cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria and is abundant within the gut microbiota, and may play a direct role alongside inhaled allergens in eliciting an inflammatory response in asthma. Endotoxin has immunogenic effects and is sufficiently microscopic to traverse the gut mucosa and enter the systemic circulation to act as a mediator of chronic low-grade inflammation in disease.
Whilst the role of endotoxin has been considered in conditions of obesity, cardiovascular disease and T2DM, endotoxin as an inflammatory trigger in asthma is less well understood. This review has sought to examine the current evidence for the role of endotoxin in asthma, and whether the gut microbiota could be a dietary target to improve disease management. This may expand our understanding of endotoxin as a mediator of further low-grade inflammatory diseases, and how endotoxin may represent yet another insult to add to injury.
Electrically injected double‐taper semiconductor laser based on parity‐time symmetry
Authors: Wang Xueyou , Li Jing , Fu Ting , Chen Jingxuan , Dai Yingqiu , Han Renbo , Wang Yufei , Zheng Wanhua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAn electrically injected semiconductor laser based on parity‐time symmetry with a double‐taper structure is fabricated and measured. The double‐taper semiconductor lasers are defined by contact‐type standard photolithography and then etched by inductively coupled plasma. The double‐taper parity‐time‐symmetric laser can obtain an output power of more than 0.5W @0.3A, which is significantly higher than the 0.35W@0.3A of the traditional single‐ridge laser. The parity‐time‐symmetric breaking point or exceptional point is tuned below lasing threshold to get narrower linewidth compared with traditional single‐ridge lasers and double‐ridge lasers, and performs single‐lobe far field.
HARMONI view of the host galaxies of active galactic nuclei around cosmic noon
Authors: García-Lorenzo B. , Monreal-Ibero A. , Pereira-Santaella M. , Thatte N. , Ramos Almeida C. , Galbany L. , Mediavilla E. 
Published: December 2021

Context. The formation and evolution of galaxies appear linked to the growth of supermassive black holes, as evidenced by empirical scaling relations in nearby galaxies. Understanding this co-evolution over cosmic time requires the revelation of the dynamical state of galaxies and the measurement of the mass of their central black holes (MBH) at a range of cosmic distances. Bright active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are ideal for this purpose.
Aims. The High Angular Resolution Monolithic Optical and Near-infrared Integral field spectrograph (HARMONI), the first light integral-field spectrograph for the Extremely Large Telescope, will transform visible and near-infrared ground-based astrophysics thanks to its advances in sensitivity and angular resolution. We aim to analyse the capabilities of HARMONI to reveal the stellar morpho-kinematic properties of the host galaxies of AGNs at about cosmic noon.
Methods. We made use of the simulation pipeline for HARMONI (HSIM) to create mock observations of representative AGN host galaxies at redshifts around cosmic noon. We used observations taken with the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer of nearby galaxies showing different morphologies and dynamical stages combined with theoretical AGN spectra to create the target inputs for HSIM.
Results. According to our simulations, an on-source integration time of three hours should be enough to measure the MBH and to trace the morphology and stellar kinematics of the brightest host galaxies of AGNs beyond cosmic noon. For host galaxies with stellar masses < 1011 M⊙, longer exposure times are mandatory to spatially resolve the stellar kinematics.
Approximate Bayesian neural Doppler imaging
Authors: Asensio Ramos A. , Díaz Baso C. J. , Kochukhov O. 
Published: December 2021

Aims. The non-uniform surface temperature distribution of rotating active stars is routinely mapped with the Doppler imaging technique. Inhomogeneities in the surface produce features in high-resolution spectroscopic observations that shift in wavelength because of the Doppler effect, depending on their position on the visible hemisphere. The inversion problem has been systematically solved using maximum a posteriori regularized methods assuming smoothness or maximum entropy. Our aim in this work is to solve the full Bayesian inference problem by providing access to the posterior distribution of the surface temperature in the star compatible with the observations.
Methods. We use amortized neural posterior estimation to produce a model that approximates the high-dimensional posterior distribution for spectroscopic observations of selected spectral ranges sampled at arbitrary rotation phases. The posterior distribution is approximated with conditional normalizing flows, which are flexible, tractable, and easy-to-sample approximations to arbitrary distributions. When conditioned on the spectroscopic observations, these normalizing flows provide a very efficient way of obtaining samples from the posterior distribution. The conditioning on observations is achieved through the use of Transformer encoders, which can deal with arbitrary wavelength sampling and rotation phases.
Results. Our model can produce thousands of posterior samples per second, each one accompanied by an estimation of the log-probability. Our exhaustive validation of the model for very high-signal-to-noise observations shows that it correctly approximates the posterior, albeit with some overestimation of the broadening. We apply the model to the moderately fast rotator II Peg, producing the first Bayesian map of its temperature inhomogenities. We conclude that conditional normalizing flows are a very promising tool for carrying out approximate Bayesian inference in more complex problems in stellar physics, such as constraining the magnetic properties using polarimetry.
Treatment outcome and identification of factors influencing overall survival after Lu-177-PSMA-617 radioligand therapy in metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Schneider Charlotte A. , Täger Philipp , Hammes Jochen , Fischer Thomas , Drzezga Alexander , Pfister David , Heidenreich Axel , Schmidt Matthias 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective To examine the clinical benefit of Lu-177-PSMA-617 radioligand therapy for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).
Patients and Methods Between November 2014 and December 2018, a total of 56 consecutive patients (median age 69.5 years; range 55–84 years) with mCRPC were included in this retrospective analysis. Patients received between 1 and 4 therapy cycles with a mean activity of 6.8 GBq per cycle. Biochemical response was evaluated using Prostate Cancer Working Group Criteria 3 (PCWG 3). Survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. This retrospective study was approved by the local ethics committee.
Results A total of 139 treatment cycles with Lu-177-PSMA-617 were performed. A decline of 50% or more of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level occurred in 54% and a PSA decline of any amount in 65% of patients. The estimated median overall survival (OS) was 16 months, in the chemotherapy subgroup 14 months. A longer OS was associated with a PSA-decline ≥50%, more than 2 cycles of therapy, cumulative activity >15 GBq and an initial alkaline phosphatase ≤ 220 [U/l]. These identified predictors remained significant on uni- and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Moreover, 40% of the patients who were non-responders after the first therapy cycle turned into responders after the second one.
Conclusion PSA-decline ≥50%, a cumulative activity >15 GBq and an initial alkaline phosphatase ≤ 220 [U/l] were identified as key predictors of prolonged OS in patients with mCRPC. In contrast rapid clinical deterioration mostly due to skeletal carcinomatosis resulted in early treatment failure.
Adenovirus: Epidemiology, Global Spread of Novel Types, and Approach to Treatment
Authors: Lynch Joseph P. , Kajon Adriana E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAdenoviruses (AdVs) are DNA viruses that typically cause mild infections involving the upper or lower respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, or conjunctiva. Rare manifestations of AdV infections include hemorrhagic cystitis, hepatitis, hemorrhagic colitis, pancreatitis, nephritis, or meningoencephalitis. AdV infections are more common in young children, due to lack of humoral immunity. Epidemics of AdV infection may occur in healthy children or adults in closed or crowded settings (particularly military recruits). The vast majority of cases are self-limited. However, the clinical spectrum is broad and fatalities may occur. Dissemination is more likely in patients with impaired immunity (e.g., organ transplant recipients, human immunodeficiency virus infection). Fatality rates for untreated severe AdV pneumonia or disseminated disease may exceed 50%. More than 100 genotypes and 52 serotypes of AdV have been identified and classified into seven species designated HAdV-A through -G. Different types display different tissue tropisms that correlate with clinical manifestations of infection. The predominant types circulating at a given time differ among countries or regions, and change over time. Transmission of novel strains between countries or across continents and replacement of dominant viruses by new strains may occur. Treatment of AdV infections is controversial, as prospective, randomized therapeutic trials have not been done. Cidofovir has been the drug of choice for severe AdV infections, but not all patients require treatment. Live oral vaccines are highly efficacious in reducing the risk of respiratory AdV infection and are in routine use in the military in the United States but currently are not available to civilians.
Hantavirus
Authors: Riquelme Raúl 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHantaviruses are tri-segmented lipid-enveloped RNA viruses belonging to the Bunyaviridae family. Human infection corresponds to a zoonosis associated with two different clinical syndromes: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome that occurs in Asia and Europe and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) that occurs in the North America, Central America and South America. The major pathogenic mechanisms in HCPS include (1) direct microvascular endothelial injury leading to increased capillary permeability and the development of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and acute respiratory distress syndrome, and (2) exaggerated host immune response leading to secondary organ damage. The incubation period for this disease is quite long (6–39 days, median: 18 days); however, rapid progression to respiratory failure and shock can occur highlighting the importance of high index of clinical suspicion. Management revolves around high-quality supportive care. Various management and preventative strategies are currently being explored and warrant further examination to improve the overall outlook following infection with hantavirus.
The Immune Response to Respiratory Viruses: From Start to Memory
Authors: Reijnders Tom D.Y. , Schuurman Alex R. , van der Poll Tom 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBiomedical research has long strived to improve our understanding of the immune response to respiratory viral infections, an effort that has become all the more important as we live through the consequences of a pandemic. The disease course of these infections is shaped in large part by the actions of various cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems. While these cells are crucial in clearing viral pathogens and establishing long-term immunity, their effector mechanisms may also escalate into excessive, tissue-destructive inflammation detrimental to the host. In this review, we describe the breadth of the immune response to infection with respiratory viruses such as influenza and respiratory syncytial virus. Throughout, we focus on the host rather than the pathogen and try to describe shared patterns in the host response to different viruses. We start with the local cells of the airways, onto the recruitment and activation of innate and adaptive immune cells, followed by the establishment of local and systemic memory cells key in protection against reinfection. We end by exploring how respiratory viral infections can predispose to bacterial superinfection.
Viral Respiratory Infections: New Tools for a Rapid Diagnosis
Authors: Colagrossi Luna , Mattana Giordana , Piccioni Livia , Cento Valeria , Perno Carlo Federico 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRespiratory tract infection is one of the most common diseases in human worldwide. Many viruses are implicated in these infections, including emerging viruses, such as the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Identification of the causative viral pathogens of respiratory tract infections is important to select a correct management of patients, choose an appropriate treatment, and avoid unnecessary antibiotics use. Different diagnostic approaches present variable performance in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and time-to-result, that have to be acknowledged to be able to choose the right diagnostic test at the right time, in the right patient. This review describes currently available rapid diagnostic strategies and syndromic approaches for the detection of viruses commonly responsible for respiratory diseases.
Prosthodontic Management of Single Anterior Missing Tooth with Immediate Loading Implant Using Leukocyte-Platelet-Rich Fibrin
Authors: Wahengbam Prashanti , Kalra Tarun , Kumar Manjit , Bansal Ajay , Singh Ramandeep 
Published: December 2021

AbstractImmediate loading of dental implant in the anterior tooth region has been a growing trend and eliminates the compromised esthetics, function, discomfort, and inconvenience associated with traditional two-stage implant procedures. This case report presents the clinical application of implant placement with immediate loading using leukocyte-platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) in the anterior esthetic region. The implant was planned to rehabilitate in the anterior missing tooth region. As per the patient's desire, the implant was immediately loaded and L-PRF membrane was placed around the implant under local anesthesia on the day of surgery. The use of L-PRF for the maintenance of crestal bone and soft tissue at the implant sites provided an adequate clinical condition for better esthetics.
Assessing Risk of Severe Complications after Endoscopic Transnasal Transsphenoidal Surgery: A Comparison of Frailty, American Society of Anesthesiologists, and Comorbidity Scores
Authors: Sukys Jordan M. , Jiang Roy , Manes Richard P. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to improve age-independent risk stratification for patients undergoing endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal (TNTS) approach to pituitary mass resection by investigating the associations between frailty, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), and comorbidity scores with severe complications following TNTS.
Design This study is a retrospective review.
Setting This review was conducted utilizing the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database.
Participants A total of 680 cases of TNTS identified from 2010 to 2013 were included in this study.
Main Outcome Measures The modified frailty index (mFI) was calculated to quantify frailty. ASA and Charlson's comorbidity index (CCI) scores were obtained as physiologic status and comorbidity-based prognostic markers. Severe complications were separated into intensive care unit (ICU)-level complications, defined by Clavien–Dindo grade IV (CDIV) criteria, and mortality.
Results Overall, 24 CDIV complications (3.5%) and 6 deaths (0.9%) were recorded. Scores for mFI (p = 0.01, R
2 = 0.97) and ASA (p = 0.04., R
2 = 0.87) were significantly correlated with CDIV complications. ASA scores were significantly correlated with mortality (p = 0.03, R
2 = 0.87), as well as independently associated with CDIV complication by multivariable regression models (odds ratio [OR] = 2.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35–6.83, p < 0.01), while mFI was not. CCI was not significantly associated with CDIV complications or mortality. A multivariable regression model incorporating ASA had a lower Akaike's Information Criteria (AIC; 188.55) than a model incorporating mFI (195.99).
Conclusion Frailty and physiologic status, as measured by mFI and ASA scores respectively, both correlate with ICU-level complications after TNTS. ASA scores demonstrate greater clinical utility than mFI scores; however, as they are more easily generated, uniquely correlated with mortality and independently associated with ICU-level complication risk on multivariable regression analysis.