bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurses as ‘second victims’ to their patients’ suicidal attempts: A mixed‐method study
Authors: Amit Aharon Anat , Fariba Moor , Shoshana Fridman , Melnikov Semyon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo understand the effects of patients’ suicidal attempts and events on nurses’ second victim symptoms and to explore the association between these experiences and nurse absenteeism and turnover.BackgroundThe term ‘second victim’ is when a healthcare professional expresses psychological symptom following adverse patient event. This has been previously shown to be associated with absenteeism and higher staff turnover.DesignA mixed‐methods study with a sequential exploratory approach.MethodsA qualitative approach was used for nurses to relate their experiences of their patients’ suicidal attempts. A cross‐sectional quantitative study was conducted in 150 nurses who worked in internal departments. The Second Victim Experience and Support Tool was used to substantiate and measure second victim related distress of nurses who treated suicidal patients. The qualitative data were analysed by a constant comparative analysis method. The analytic analysis of the quantitative study included Pearson's correlations and hierarchical linear regression model to assess the explanatory variables to absenteeism and staff turnover. The study adhered to the STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies and the COREQ guidelines for qualitative studies.ResultsThe qualitative part identified three themes and nine sub‐themes, including the new variable ‘sense of being alone’. The quantitative part of the study found that nurses expressed a medium level of second victim related distress. After controlling for demographic variables, second victim distress and the sense of being alone following patients’ suicidal events may explain nurse absenteeism and turnover.ConclusionsNurses who experience suicidal attempts of their patients react as second victims. These symptoms lead to nurse absenteeism and turnover.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses who experience suicidal attempts of their patients need treatment and support as second victims, the same as in any other medical adverse event. The nursing leadership should emotionally support these nurses and prevent consequential staff organisational problems.
National identities, non‐human animals and climate change: How to dismantle the discourses that govern our lives
Authors: Forte Diego L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractClimate justice involves social and discursive practices shaped by representations deeply rooted in the common sense of societies. Different conditions of social life lead to categorize in different ways the term, including and excluding features according to convenience, necessity, proximity, etc. In this process, our representation of the world plays a central role. As citizens of modern countries, our lives are constrained by different discourses. The most important ones are national stories: they not only define the identity of the Nation but our identity as citizens.In this commentary, I examine how, relatedly, ideologies of national identity can promote or detract from decolonial climate action and I also suggest some links between climate justices and anti‐hegemonic movements.
Ancient horse genomes reveal the timing and extent of dispersals across the Bering Land Bridge
Authors: Vershinina Alisa O. , Heintzman Peter D. , Froese Duane G. , Zazula Grant , Cassatt‐Johnstone Molly , Dalén Love , Der Sarkissian Clio , Dunn Shelby G. , Ermini Luca , Gamba Cristina , Groves Pamela , Kapp Joshua D. , Mann Daniel H. , Seguin‐Orlando Andaine , Southon John , Stiller Mathias , Wooller Matthew J. , Baryshnikov Gennady , Gimranov Dmitry , Scott Eric , Hall Elizabeth , Hewitson Susan , Kirillova Irina , Kosintsev Pavel , Shidlovsky Fedor , Tong Hao‐Wen , Tiunov Mikhail P. , Vartanyan Sergey , Orlando Ludovic , Corbett‐Detig Russell , MacPhee Ross D. , Shapiro Beth 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Bering Land Bridge (BLB) last connected Eurasia and North America during the Late Pleistocene. Although the BLB would have enabled transfers of terrestrial biota in both directions, it also acted as an ecological filter whose permeability varied considerably over time. Here we explore the possible impacts of this ecological corridor on genetic diversity within, and connectivity among, populations of a once wide‐ranging group, the caballine horses (Equus spp.). Using a panel of 187 mitochondrial and eight nuclear genomes recovered from present‐day and extinct caballine horses sampled across the Holarctic, we found that Eurasian horse populations initially diverged from those in North America, their ancestral continent, around 1.0–0.8 million years ago. Subsequent to this split our mitochondrial DNA analysis identified two bidirectional long‐range dispersals across the BLB ~875–625 and ~200–50 thousand years ago, during the Middle and Late Pleistocene. Whole genome analysis indicated low levels of gene flow between North American and Eurasian horse populations, which probably occurred as a result of these inferred dispersals. Nonetheless, mitochondrial and nuclear diversity of caballine horse populations retained strong phylogeographical structuring. Our results suggest that barriers to gene flow, currently unidentified but possibly related to habitat distribution across Beringia or ongoing evolutionary divergence, played an important role in shaping the early genetic history of caballine horses, including the ancestors of living horses within Equus ferus.
The relationship between retinal microcirculation and right heart catheterization and echocardiography findings in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Hekimsoy Vedat , Kılınç Hekimsoy Hilal , Şekeroğlu Mehmet Ali , Kaya Ergün Barış , Tokgözoğlu Lale 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the possible alterations of retinal microcirculation associated with right‐sided intracardiac pressures in patients with IPAH.MethodsTwenty patients with IPAH and 20 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls were included in the study. Hemodynamic data were obtained from the most recent right heart catheterization. Echocardiographic examination was performed within 24 h of ophthalmological examination. For the right eyes of all participants, high‐resolution scans of chorioretinal microvascular networks at different depths of the retina were captured via OCT angiography.ResultsThe perfusion of the superﬁcial and deep capillary plexus (SCP and DCP), and choriocapillaris (CCP) flow area were significantly lower than those in healthy control subjects (p < .05 for all). In IPAH group, PVR and mPAP were correlated significantly with the perfusion measurements at SCP and DCP (r = .461, r = .626 and r = .625, r =0.730, respectively, p < .05). sPAP and TRV were positively correlated with the perfusion measurements at SCP and DCP (r = .600, r = .662 and r = .670, r = .655 p < .05).ConclusionsThe positive correlation of retinal perfusion at SCP and DCP with right‐sided echocardiographic and hemodynamic measurements unveiled that retinal microcirculation is affected by the pressure alterations in the pulmonary circulation of IPAH patients.
Targeted elimination of species‐rich larval habitats can rapidly collapse arbovirus vector mosquito populations at hotel compounds in Zanzibar
Authors: Kampango A. , Furu P. , Sarath D. L. , Haji K. A. , Konradsen F. , Schiøler K. L. , Alifrangis M. , Weldon C. W. , Saleh F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the dynamics of larval habitat utilization by mosquito communities is crucial for the design of efficient environmental control strategies. The authors investigated the structure of mosquito communities found at hotel compounds in Zanzibar, networks of mosquito interactions with larval habitats and robustness of mosquito communities to elimination of larval habitats. A total of 23 698 mosquitoes comprising 26 species in six genera were found. Aedes aegypti (n = 16 207), Aedes bromeliae/Aedes lillie (n = 1340), Culex quinquefasciatus (n = 1300) and Eretmapodites quinquevitattus (n = 659) were the most dominant species. Ecological network analyses revealed the presence of dominant, larval habitat generalist species (e.g., A. aegypti), exploiting virtually all types of water holding containers and few larval habitat specialist species (e.g., Aedes natalensis, Orthopodomyia spp). Simulations of mosquito community robustness to systematic elimination of larval habitats indicate that mosquito populations are highly sensitive to elimination of larval habitats sustaining higher mosquito species diversity. This study provides insights on potential foci of future mosquito‐borne arboviral disease outbreaks in Zanzibar and underscores the need for detailed knowledge on the ecological function of larval habitats for effective mosquito control by larval sources management.
Faster disease progression in Parkinson’s disease with type 2 diabetes is not associated with increased α‐synuclein, tau, amyloid‐β or vascular pathology
Authors: de Pablo‐Fernández Eduardo , Courtney Robert , Rockliffe Alice , Gentleman Steve , Holton Janice L. , Warner Thomas T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsGrowing evidence suggests a shared pathogenesis between Parkinson's disease and diabetes although the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of type 2 diabetes on Parkinson's disease progression and to correlate neuropathological findings to elucidate pathogenic mechanisms.MethodsIn this cohort study, medical records were retrospectively reviewed of cases with pathologically confirmed Parkinson's disease with and without pre‐existing type 2 diabetes. Time to disability milestones (recurrent falls, wheelchair dependence, dementia and care home placement) and survival were compared to assess disease progression and their risk estimated using Cox hazard regression models. Correlation with pathological data was performed, including quantification of α‐synuclein in key brain regions and staging of vascular, Lewy and Alzheimer's pathologies.ResultsPatients with PD and diabetes (male 76%; age at death 78.6 ± 6.2 years) developed earlier falls (p < 0.001), wheelchair dependence (p = 0.004), dementia (p < 0.001), care home admission (p < 0.001) and had reduced survival (p < 0.001). Predating diabetes was independently associated with a two to three‐fold increase in the risk of disability and death. Neuropathological assessment did not show any differences in global or regional vascular pathology, α‐synuclein load in key brain areas, staging of Lewy pathology or Alzheimer's disease pathology.ConclusionsPre‐existing type 2 diabetes contributes to faster disease progression and reduced survival in Parkinson's disease which is not driven by increased vascular, Lewy or Alzheimer's pathologies. Additional non‐specific neurodegeneration related to chronic brain insulin resistance may be involved.
Facial morphology analysis in osteogenesis imperfecta types I, III and IV using computer vision
Authors: Rousseau Maxime , Vargas Javier , Rauch Frank , Marulanda Juliana , Retrouvey Jean‐Marc ,   Members of the BBDC
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease that mainly affects the COL1A1/A2 genes. Individuals affected by OI types I, III, and IV have been reported to demonstrate characteristic facial manifestations of the disease. This study aimed to quantitatively assess OI patients’ morphological characteristics.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective case‐control study involved 306 individuals (145 male and 161 female). It used automatic facial annotation and statistical shape analysis to compare facial photographs of individuals affected by OI types I, III, and IV with a normocephalic control group. Four facial ratios were used to compare facial proportions. Additionally, we proposed a novel approach to facial analysis using 68 landmarks and statistical shape analysis to compare morphological features. A predictive model (PCALog) was trained to detect whether a subject was affected by OI, based on facial landmarks.ResultsOur findings correlate with previous reports of OI type III patients’ facial characteristics being the most severely affected among the three types studied. Our novel approach facilitated an interpretation and comparison of morphological changes. Moreover, we successfully trained our PCALog model to automatically detect OI based on landmark features.ConclusionWe found patients’ facial manifestations of OI to be more pronounced at the level of the eyes and temples. Our morphological approach facilitates the comparison of various groups and should be considered for future craniofacial analysis studies. Machine learning models can be trained using facial landmarks to detect the presence of conditions that affect facial morphology.
Salt glands play a pivotal role in the salt resistance of four recretohalophyte Limonium Mill. species
Authors: Mi P. , Yuan F. , Guo J. , Han G. , Wang B. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Limonium Mill. plants are typical recretohalophytes, as they withstand salt stress by secreting excess salt onto the leaf surface through salt glands. However, little is known on the salinity thresholds of these plants and the function of salt glands in salt tolerance.

Here, we investigated the salinity thresholds of salt tolerance of the Limonium species L. aureum (Linn.) Hill, L. gmelinii (Willd.) Kuntze, L. otolepis (Schrenk) Kuntze and L. sinuatum (L.) Mill grown with various concentrations of NaCl.

The salinity thresholds of L. otolepis, L. aureum, L. sinuatum and L. gmelinii were 300, 350, 400 and 420 mm NaCl, respectively. Correlation analysis indicated that total dry weight, chlorophyll content and intercellular CO2 concentration were highly positively correlated with the total fresh weights of all four Limonium species and could therefore be used as indicators of plant salt tolerance. Furthermore, as the salt gland density on the leaf surface increased, the rate of salt secretion per salt gland also increased, allowing more Na+ to be secreted from the plant. Redundancy discriminant analysis indicated that salt gland density, Na+ content and Na+ secretion rate per salt gland were positively correlated with salt concentration.

These observations support the notion that salt glands play important roles in the adaptation of Limonium species to high salinity conditions.
Prevalence and burden of breathlessness in Australian adults: The National Breathlessness Survey—a cross‐sectional web‐based population survey
Authors: Poulos Leanne M. , Ampon Rosario D. , Currow David C. , Marks Guy B. , Toelle Brett G. , Reddel Helen K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and objectiveChronic respiratory symptoms (in particular, breathlessness and cough) can cause physical, social and emotional distress, and may indicate the presence of an underlying disease that presages future poor health outcomes. Our aim was to investigate the burden of breathlessness in Australian adults, including breathlessness that may be undiagnosed, unlabelled or untreated.MethodsThe National Breathlessness Survey was a cross‐sectional, web‐based survey conducted in October 2019. Australian adults were randomly selected from a large web‐based survey panel with recruitment stratified by age‐group, gender and state of residence according to national population data. The main outcome measures were modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnoea scale, EuroQol visual analog scale, Dyspnoea‐12 score and 4‐item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐4).ResultsAmong all respondents (n = 10,072; 51.1% female; median age group 40–49 years), 9.5% reported clinically important breathlessness (mMRC dyspnoea grade ≥ 2, 2 = ‘I walk slower than people of the same age on the level because of breathlessness or have to stop for breath when walking at my own pace on the level’). Among those with clinically important breathlessness, 49.1% rated their general health as fair or poor and 44.2% had at least moderate depression or anxiety symptoms (PHQ ≥ 6) but over half (50.8%) did not report a current respiratory or heart condition diagnosis.ConclusionBreathlessness is common among Australian adults, and is associated with a substantial burden of ill health, including among people without a diagnosed respiratory or heart condition. The extent of underdiagnosis of these conditions or alternative causes of breathlessness requires further investigation.
Research on the driving forces of urban hot spots based on exploratory analysis and binary logistic regression model
Authors: Cui Haifu , Wu Liang , Hu Sheng , Lu Rujuan , Wang Shanlin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe hot spots of people's activities are an important part of urban spatial structure research, and the analysis of the driving forces of urban hot spots can provide a scientific basis for urban planning. The determination of urban hot spots is affected by the heterogeneity of the analysis data, resulting in differences in the hot spot driving factors. To analyze the spatial distributions of urban hot spots, this article conducted a series of exploratory spatial analyses on spatiotemporal travel data and further applied a binary logistic regression (BLR) model to analyze the driving factors affecting the distribution of urban hot spots to accurately characterize the distribution pattern of urban hot spots. First, a spatial autocorrelation test was performed on the trajectory data. Based on the test results, the Getis–Ord statistical method was used to calculate the distribution area of urban hot spots. Second, considering the internal and external factors that affect the distribution of urban hot spots, 10 driving factors in the categories of terrain, socioeconomics, and road and transportation facility accessibility were selected as the independent variables in the regression model of the hot spot distribution. Third, a BLR model was used to establish a driving force model that altered the distribution of hot spots in cities to explore the influencing factors and the degree of the hot spot distribution. Finally, the accuracy of the hot spot driving force model was evaluated according to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Taking Wuhan as an example, the results show that the area under the ROC curve of the hot spot model established in this article reaches 0.918, and the model has a good fit. The formation of urban hot spots is a combination of internal driving factors such as terrain and socioeconomics as well as external driving factors such as the accessibility of roads and transportation facilities. Among these factors, transportation facility accessibility contributes most to the hot spot distribution.
Creating open source composite geocoders: Pitfalls and opportunities
Authors: Prener Christopher G. , Fox Branson 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGeocoding, the process of converting a street address into a pair of coordinates that facilitate mapping, is a perennial challenge for researchers. Both technical and practical barriers exist to geocoding itself and creating reproducible workflows that string multiple geocoders together (so‐called “composite” geocoders). This article presents a suite of open‐source tools designed to standardize American addresses and geocode them. These tools culminate in a composite geocoder for the city of St. Louis, Missouri, which serves as a proof‐of‐concept for developing sophisticated geocoding processes. We test this geocoder on a data set of 1,822 homicides for St. Louis between 2008 and 2018, comparing the results of our tools to a range of commercial providers. We find varying levels of efficiency and accuracy across the available commercial platforms and demonstrate that our in‐house tools provide high positional accuracy with significant efficiency increases.
Secular trends of Blood stream infections in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients 72 hours prior to death
Authors: Mani Shylaja , Aleixo Gabriel F. P. , Rybicki Lisa , Majhail Navneet S. , Mossad Sherif B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionBlood stream infections (BSI) frequently cause morbidity and mortality in allogeneic (allo) hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. Characteristics of causative organisms shortly before death have not been previously described. Early treatment with antimicrobial agents targeting the recent surge in multidrug‐resistant (MDR) pathogens may lead to better outcomes.MethodsThis is retrospective study including 529 allo HCT recipients who died between 2000 and 2013. All patients who had BSI that happened 72 hours before death were included. BSI and criteria for antimicrobial resistance were defined according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Healthcare Safety Network surveillance criteria.ResultsOverall, 104 BSI were identified from 91 patients. Bacterial infections accounted for 87% of the infections which were comprised by 37% gram‐negative organisms and 50% gram‐positive bacteria. The most common species were Enterococcus (30%), Staphylococcus (16%), and Pseudomonas (16%). Most enterococci were vancomycin resistant (87%), 100% of staphylococci were resistant to methicillin, and 64% of Pseudomonas were MDR. Over time there was a significant increase in vancomycin‐resistant enterococcal (P = .01) and gram‐negative BSI (P = .01). Blood stream infections were either the primary or secondary cause of death in 53% of patients.ConclusionsIn allo HCT recipients, vancomycin‐resistant enterococcal infections caused the majority of BSI 72 hours prior to death. Our findings provide information that may guide empiric antibiotic coverage in critically ill HCT recipients.
Feasibility and accuracy of 3D printed patient‐specific skull contoured brain biopsy guides
Authors: Shinn Richard , Park Clair , DeBose Kyrille , Hsu Fang‐Chi , Cecere Thomas , Rossmeisl John 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveDesign 3D printed skull contoured brain biopsy guides (3D‐SCGs) from computed tomography (CT) or T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (T1W MRI).Study DesignFeasibility study.Sample PopulationFive beagle dog cadavers and two client‐owned dogs with brain tumors.MethodsHelical CT and T1W MRI were performed on cadavers. Planned target point was the head of the caudate nucleus. Three‐dimensional‐SCGs were created from CT and MRI using commercially available open‐source software. Using 3D‐SCGs, biopsy needles were placed into the caudate nucleus in cadavers, and CT was performed to assess needle placement accuracy, followed by histopathology. Three‐dimensional‐SCGs were then created and used to perform in vivo brain tumor biopsies.ResultsNo statistical difference was found between the planned target point and needle placement. Median needle placement error for all planned target points was 2.7 mm (range: 0.86–4.5 mm). No difference in accuracy was detected between MRI and CT‐designed 3D‐SCGs. Median needle placement error for the CT was 2.8 mm (range: 0.86–4.5 mm), and 2.2 mm (range: 1.7–2.7 mm) for MRI. Biopsy needles were successfully placed into the target in the two dogs with brain tumors and biopsy was successfully acquired in one dog.ConclusionThree‐dimensional‐SCGs designed from CT or T1W MRI allowed needle placement within 4.5 mm of the intended target in all procedures, resulting in successful biopsy in one of two live dogs.Clinical SignificanceThis feasibility study justifies further evaluation of 3D‐SCGs as alternatives in facilities that do not have access to stereotactic brain biopsy.
“I-Spots” and Emmons’ Spot Production Rate
Authors: Mayle Robert E. , Stripf Matthias 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A new intermittency function flagging the turbulent, becalmed, and non-becalmed regions of transitional flow is introduced. In addition, a method is developed to detect embedded incipient turbulent spots within the non-becalmed regions of the flow, which are then documented, counted, and related to Emmons’ spot production rate. This in turn is used to calculate an intermittency distribution which when compared with that measured displays an excellent agreement. Finally, it is shown that correlations based on Narasimha’s intermittency equation are highly questionable.