bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE TOPOGRAPHICAL PAIN REPRESENTATION AND ITS CORRELATION WITH MMPI SCORES
Authors: Dennis M David , Rocchio Patrick O , Wiltse Leon L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT: A retrospective study comparing topographical pain representation scores and scores on MMPI .scales was done in 201 patients.
The overall correlation was +73.1. Low pain drawing scores correlated better +86.3, than did high scores +38.1. Normal pain drawing scores appear to be an accurate predictor of normal psychological function.
EXTERNAL FIXATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SEVERE MUSCULOSKELETAL TRAUMA
Authors: Hardaker William T , Ward W Timothy , Goldner J Leonard 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT: External fixation was employed in 33 open extremity fractures in 29 patients. These high energy injuries were characterized by massive soft tissue injury, contamination, instability, comminution, and/or segmental bone loss. Initial management consisted of irrigation and debridement, and application of the external fixator. In an attempt to obtain limb salvage, 92 additional procedures were performed to attain soft tissue coverage and insure bony stability. Six patients required subsequent below knee amputation at the level of the fracture site. All other cases achieved soft tissue coverage, bone union and are ambulatory on functional extremities without orthotic aids. Complications relating to the fixator included pin tract infections in eight patients and refracture in three.
External fixation has application in limb salvage in severe extremity injuries associated with massive skin or muscle damage, neurovascular injuries and segmental bone loss. The advantages of the technique include rigid stabilization of the fracture and surrounding soft tissues, unencumbered wound access, motion of contiguous joints and simplified nursing care, indexing terms: External fixation, open extremity fractures, and musculoskeletal trauma.
A Computer Model of Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis: Causes of Fixation Error and Chondrolysis
Authors: Nuzzo Roy M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT: Penetration of the joint by metal pins can occur when treating slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Predisposing factors are present in the usual surgical methods. These include x-ray detail loss secondary to the pelvic projection and failure to obtain specific x-ray orientation to the axis of the capital epiphysis. One operative strategy to reduce these predispositions is presented. A probable mechanism of how chondrolysis can occur without joint penetration following extra capsular osteotomy is described with a theoretical remedy.
Computer disease modeling and treatment simulation are the basis of this study. The computer model, which closely simulates all degrees of the disease, suggests that SCFE deformation is caused by hip extension against anterior hip capsule contracture. The latter is also the proposed cause of chondrolysis following realignment procedures.
Immediate or Delayed Küntscher-Rodding of Femoral Shaft Fractures
Authors: Eriksson Ejnar , Wallin Claes 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT: Early rodding of femoral fractures is preferable from an intensive care point of view. It has, however, been claimed that early rodding leads to impaired healing of the fractures, Healing time and complications in 20 fractures of the femur operated with Küntscher rods within 12 hours after injury were therefore compared with 47 fractures treated with traction for ten days and then Küntscher-rodding. No significant differences in results were found between the two groups concerning complications, but the acutely operated individuals returned to work on an average of two months earlier than the delayed group.
If proper shock treatment is given and concomitant injuries with higher priority are treated first, early Küntscherrodding does not seem to impair the healing of femoral fractures.
The Effect of Hydration Water Temperature on Orthopedic Plaster Cast Strength
Authors: Callahan Dennis J , Carney David J , Daddario Nicholas , Walter Norman E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT: The effect of hydration water temperature (dip water) on the strength of orthopedic casts is discussed. Three methods of testing are used in an attempt to detect any differences and also to assess their clinical relevance.
It was found that warmer water produced stronger casts, however, the differences were not found to be clinically relevant. It is suggested that water temperature be chosen on the basis of considerations other than strength.
CLOSURE OF THE PHYSIS AFTER PINNING OF SLIPPED CAPITAL FEMORAL EPIPHYSIS
Authors: Stanton Robert P , Shelton Yvonne A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A study was conducted to detennine what effect pinning in situ for slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) had on the timing of subsequent closure of the growth plate. Eighty-nine patients with a SCFE were reviewed- Twenty-six patients with a unilateral SCFE were treated with closed pinning in situ; no manipulative reductions were performed. The timing of physeal closure was assessed using postoperative radiographs of both pinned and non-pinned sides. The average time until physeal closure was 12.0 months for the pinned physis and 22.2 months for the non-pinned physis. In two cases, the physes closed simultaneously, and in no patient did the non-pinned physis close earlier than the pinned physis. The pinned physes closed an average of 10.2 months (range: 0 to 22) earlier than the unpinned physes. No difference was noted in the rates of closure with different types of internal fixation. This study supports the theory that pinning SCFE in situ causes early closure of the physis.
Fibular Nonunion in Combination With Fractures of the Tibia
Authors: Ebraheim Nabil A , Savolaine Edward R , Skie Martin C , Jackson W Thomas 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Seventeen cases of fibular nonunion or delayed union were seen in our institution from 1985 to 1990. All but one of these cases were associated with nonunion of the tibia which was diagnosed radiologically and/or surgically. The fíbula characteristically heals before the tibia; therefore, if the fibula is slow in healing or showing nonunion, more intensive investigation of the tibia for occult nonunion, or delayed union, should be done to determine whether early surgical intervention would be necessary to avoid prolonging the course of treatment. Nonunion of the fibula may indicate instability of the fractured tibia. The authors have examined the relationship of this mutual nonunion and recommend careful observation of the fibular healing in associated fractures of the tibia and fibula.
The Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Authors: Fechter Joel D , Kuschner Stuart H 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The thoracic outlet syndrome is a compressive neurovascular condition of the upper extremity. The neurologic, arterial, and venous structures may be affected individually or in combination in any given patient. Multiple surgical and medical subspecialists may be involved in the care of these patients, including orthopedic, vascular, and thoracic surgeons, neurosurgeons, and neurologists. The topic is extremely controversial; some authors believe that this is a very common condition, while others question the existence of the syndrome. There is disagreement concerning the diagnosis, workup, and proper therapeutic management. The purpose of this article is to critically review and analyze the literature on this subject.
THE TREATMENT OF OLECRANON FRACTURES BY EXCISION OF FRAGMENTS AND REPAIR OF THE EXTENSOR MECHANISM: HISTORICAL REVIEW AND REPORT OF 12 FRACTURES
Authors: Inhofe Perry D , Howard Thomas C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The operative treatment of olecranon fractures is controversial. Proponents of open reduction and internal fixation cite restoration of anatomy and rigid fixation, while proponents of excision of fracture fragments with repair of the extensor mechanism cite few complications and a rapid return of motion and function. An extensive review of the literature is presented, outlining the arguments in favor of each procedure. A series of cases is also presented. We report the results after excision of fragments and repair of the extensor mechanism for all 17 patients who underwent this procedure during the past 10 years at our hospitals. Evaluation included subjective, clinical, and radiographic assessment to provide a clinical score. Among the 12 patients with sufficient follow up to be rated, there were 7 excellent results, 4 good results, and 1 poor result. There were no complications. Our patients had a rapid return of motion and function with a rapid return to the preinjury level of activity. We believe the indications for this procedure may be even broader than suggested in the literature.
MODIFIED EXPOSURE FOR PRONATOR SYNDROME DECOMPRESSION: A PRELIMINARY EXPERIENCE
Authors: Gainor Barry J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Because hypertrophic and symptomatic scarring is not infrequent from a lazy S incision across the antecubital fossa, a new surgical approach to the pronator tunnel has been developed. Preliminary experience with this modified incision has proven to be encouraging in seven cases (five patients). The exposure is composed of two off-set linear incisions which allow visualization of the median nerve and brachial artery distal and proximal to the lacertus fibrosis. An intact bridge of skin at the antecubital fossa protects the medial cutaneous nerves of the arm and forearm from injury. The median nerve is exposed by splitting the pronator teres along its length, and fractional step cutting of the pronator aponeurosis relaxes the muscle. Postoperative scar management with a compressive wrap and elastomer insert is helpful for cosmetic healing of the incisions.
Tourniquet Pressures on Pediatric Patients: A Clinical Study
Authors: Lieberman James R , Staheli Lynn T , Dales Mark C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A clinical study was undertaken to evaluate pneumatic tourniquet pressures required for hemostasis in extremity surgery of pediatric patients. Occlusion pressures were measured by Doppler, and tourniquet pressures were set 50 mm above this value. Of 29 cases, 86% were determined to provide adequate hemostasis throughout the procedure. Maximum mean pressures used in the upper and lower extremity groups were 173.4 ± 11.6 mm Hg (range: 155 to 190 mm Hg) and 176.7 ± 28.7 mm Hg (range: 140 to 250 mm Hg), respectively, accounting for adjustments made to inadequate initial settings. This study suggests that lower tourniquet pressures than previously used may be needed to maintain adequate hemostasis in pediatric patients.
The Effect of Femoral Component Rotation and Asymmetry in Total Knee Replacements
Authors: Worland Richard L , Jessup Douglas E , Johnson Gonzalo Vazquez-Vela , Alemparte Jose Antonio , Tanaka Sakae , Rex Francisco Soza , Keenan Jonathan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Between April 1999 and February 2000, femoral component rotation and asymmetry (universal versus anatomic) were studied in a prospective randomized control trial in 101 consecutive patients undergoing total knee replacement. Patients were randomly assigned to four groups. The same surgical technique was used in all patients except for femoral component symmetry and rotational alignment.
Universal femoral components provide a cheaper and equally reliable solution compared to anatomic components. External rotation of the femoral component or using an anatomic femoral component did not statistically reduce the need for lateral release or improve patellar tracking.
Social and Economic Benefits of Flexible Intramedullary Nails in the Treatment of Pediatric Femoral Shaft Fractures
Authors: Greisberg Justin , Bliss Mary J , Eberson Craig P , Solga Patricia , d'Amato Charles 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
All patients between the ages of 5 and 15 years with isolated femoral shaft fractures treated at our institution with flexible intramedullary nails between 1996 and 1998 were examined and compared to an age-matched group of patients treated with spica casting. All fractures healed well with no significant complications. Patients treated with flexible intramedullary nails achieved earlier independent ambulation, at an average of 19 days, compared to 106 in the control group (P<.0001). They also attained earlier independent bathroom use (21 versus 79 days, P<.0001). Hospital stays were significantly shorter as well (6 versus 29 days, P<.0001). These patients also returned to school earlier, at 28 days postinjury, compared to 120 days for patients in spica casts (P<.0001).
The use of flexible intramedullary nails allowed patients and their families to achieve independence months earlier than the spica cast patients. Earlier return to school, independent ambulation, and independent bathroom use are advantages of this treatment modality.
Musculoskeletal Trauma in Four-Wheeled All-Terrain Vehicles
Authors: Rios-Reboyras Luis A , Grovis Jorge E , Ramirez Norman , Zierenberg Charles , Otero Antonio , Vilella Fernando E 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A longitudinal study of four-wheeled all-terrain vehicle-related musculoskeletal injuries requiring orthopedic surgery was performed. Avoidable risk factors such as alcohol intake, lack of helmets, inexperience, and excess speed were identified. This study also shows that the quantity, severity, cost, and frequency of preventable accidents while riding continue to be the same as prior to a Consent Decrees issued by the Consumer Products Safety Commission >10 years ago.
Spinal Applications of Bioabsorbable Implants
Authors: Vaccaro Alexander R , Madigan Luke 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
With the increasing use of bioabsorbable implants in a variety of clinical conditions, potential advantages in select spinal applications are now being realized. Newer polymers with biomechanical properties relevant to the requirements of specific spinal implants and resorption rates appropriate for specific spinal applications are being developed. These new materials offer the necessary biomechanical stability of conventional spinal implants without the sequelae associated with metallic implants such as long-term loosening, implant migration, and imaging interference. At this time, the majority of clinical applications for these new polymers have involved tension band plating in the lumbar and anterior cervical spine, anterior spinal interbody reconstruction, posterior bone graft containment, and bone graft harvest site reconstruction.
Feasibility of a Resorbable Anterior Cervical Graft Containment Plate
Authors: Ames Christopher P , Crawford Neil R , Chamberlain Robert H , Cornwall G Bryan , Nottmeier Eric , Sonntag Volker K H 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this article we review the background of anterior cervical plating for one- and two-level diskectomy for degenerative disease and provide background justification for the design and testing of a cervical plate composed of a resorbable material. The design of the plate is discussed with special reference to modifications of implant design and implant tools compared with metallic plates that are necessary because of the different mechanical properties of the less rigid material. Our cadaveric and animal in vivo testing methodologies are described and a novel testing method for reliably quantifying graft containment is also described. Data from a representative sample are presented. Advantages and disadvantages of resorbable plating are discussed.
Bioresorbable Polymer Implants in the Unilateral Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Procedure
Authors: Lowe Thomas G , Coe Jeffrey D 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Sixty patients from two centers have undergone instrumented transforaminal posterior lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) with bioresorbable polymer cages and autograft bone for degenerative indications. This article discusses the technique of TLIF and its early outcomes. Although follow-up is short and results are preliminary, no adverse events or complications may be attributed to the bioresorbable polymer. Further multicenter clinical studies are underway with a minimum of 2 years of follow-up chosen as an endpoint to provide insight as to the future of biodegradable polymers as spinal interbody devices.
The Effect of Implant Constraint on Results of Conversion of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty to Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Miller Michael , Benjamin James B , Marson Blake , Hollstien Steve 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A series of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) revision to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was compared to a group of primary TKAs performed at the same institution. The UKA revision group had a higher incidence of local wound complications and inferior clinical results as measured by Knee Society scores. When the revisions were stratified by the degree of interface constraint, knees revised with posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) substituting designs had superior knee scores that were comparable to the primary group. The use of a PCL-substituting knee design is recommended when converting a UKA to TKA.
Interreader Agreement on Comprehensive Essay Examinations
Authors: Nichols Elizabeth G , Miller Georgia K 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Examination of faculty interreader reliability on essaytype comprehensive examinations revealed an overall agreement rate of 85.6%. No significant differences in agreement were found between departments. Examination of reader characteristics for those exams with 100 points variation between readers revealed no consistent differences. The findings support the use of one format with a structured scoring protocol for evaluating diverse clinical specialties.
Clinical Competencies of Baccalaureate Students
Authors: Field William E , Gallman LaVerne , Nicholson Ruth , Dreher Mitzi 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Clinical Competencies of new graduates from baccalaureate programs have periodically been criticized by employers of new graduates. In an effort to understand the levels of clinical preparation for new baccalaureate graduates, three hypotheses dealing with the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains were tested. A review of the literature reveals that most exploration and work has been done relative to the cognitive domain.
Sixty-four NLN accredited baccalaureate programs responded to a request that they provide all of the clinical objectives used in their program. Findings revealed that there were clinical evaluation criteria written at all levels of the three domains; however, most schools did not have objectives at each of the levels of the three domains. A disproportionately large number of clinical objectives are written at the cognitive domain. The study raises the question as to the abilities of students to be clinically proficient upon graduation when there are relatively few evaluation criteria written in the psychomotor domain.
Combining Community Health and Psychosocial Nursing: A Clinical Experience With the Homeless for Generic Baccalaureate Students
Authors: Anderson Judith A , Martaus Therese M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A report is made of a teaching approach which combined community health and psychosocial nursing clinical experiences for senior level, generic, baccalaureate nursing students over a period of two academic quarters. An urban community center and shelter for the homeless was the setting for this unique clinical approach. Areas on which the evaluation of the clinical experience focused included the clinical design, student activities, types of clients seen, and student and faculty views. Strengths and limitations of the experience were identified. The progression of the student group in adapting to the homeless population was described in detail. Faculty concluded that by sharing their clinical expertise in this combination clinical setting with the homeless, generic students were able to maximize and coordinate their academic and clinical activities. The homeless setting is demonstrated to be an excellent arena for student learning when faculty provide structure, support, and guidance.
Developing an Evening Clinical Experience for Baccalaureate Community Health Nursing Students
Authors: Rajek Nancy J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
With the ever-changing directions in health care delivery, baccalaureate nursing instructors are being challenged with the task of seeking out innovative approaches to community health nursing clinical experiences. With the focus on "community as client," an evening clinical program was designed and piloted for nontraditional nursing students who, because of daytime employment, were in need of evening courses to further their nursing education. The pilot project incorporated family nursing care, community-centered practice, and observational experiences. The evening community health nursing clinical experience was found to be mutually beneficial to clients and students and served to fill a gap in health teaching within the community.
Oral Health Care for Hospitalized Patients: The Nurse's Role
Authors: Miller Rosalie , Rubinstein Linda 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Oral health care is an essential component of daily hygiene for hospitalized patients, and nurses have an important role in helping patients maintain an acceptable level of oral health. This study tested the hypothesis that nursing students are graduating with an insufficient knowledge of oral health care for hospitalized patients. Four groups of senior nursing students comprised the study sample. Study data reveal gaps in the subjects' knowledge of and rationale for oral health care procedures for hospitalized patients. However, the subjects also indicated a high level of interest in improving their ability to offer appropriate oral care services. In addition to study findings, an oral health care instructional unit outline for nursing students is presented.
Development and Evaluation of Classroom Tests: A Practical Application
Authors: Flynn Mary Kay , Reese Jean L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This manuscript describes the concerns of a 15-member faculty group in a team-taught undergraduate nursing course regarding the quality of its classroom tests. A process of systematic evaluation spanning several semesters resulted in changes both in testing and, subsequently, in the grading policy. The primary goal of the changes was to strengthen the validity and reliability of tests which, in turn, would increase test fairness for the students. Discussion areas include 1) reliability and validity; 2) difficulty and discrimination indices; 3) effects of poor-item elimination; and 4) determination of cut scores. Explanations of how testing and measurement principles were applied occurs in each area.
A Lack of Autonomy in the Contemporary Nursing Student: A Comparative Study
Authors: Boughn Susan 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not female nursing students are as autonomous as female students in both traditional female occupations and nontraditional occupations. The population included 1,046 undergraduate, female students enrolled in bachelor's degree programs at a state college. Students who participated in the study were from the schools of nursing, education, business and arts and sciences. The two instruments used to measure the characteristics of autonomy, masculinity, and femininity, were the Krutines Autonomy Scale and a modified Bern Sex-Role Inventory Scale.
Students from the schools of nursing and education received the lowest scores on autonomy and masculinity and the highest scores on femininity. Students in the school of nursing scored significantly lower in autonomy and masculinity and significantly higher in femininity than the students from the School of Business and the School of Arts and Sciences. There was no significant difference between the scores of students in the School of Nursing and the School of Education. No significant correlation was found between the variables of parent's occupation. Grade Point Average (GPA), Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores or feminine scores and the autonomy scores. However, there was a strong correlation between masculinity and autonomy scores.