bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deubiquitinating enzyme USP41 promotes lung cancer cell proliferation and migration
Authors: Ji Jiaqi , Yang Shuping , Zu Lingling , Li Yongwen , Li Ying 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo reveal the function of deubiquitylating enzyme USP41 in lung adenocarcinoma.MethodsThe relationship between USP41 and lung cancer was determined by analyzing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). A549 and H1299 cell lines were transfected with short hairpin RNA against USP41 (shUSP41 group) or negative control (shCon group). Western blotting was used to verify the transfection efficacy and marker expression. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed by EdU assay, MTT assay, and flow cytometry after USP41 knockdown. Transwell assay was used to determine the effect of USP41 downregulation on cell migration.ResultsAnalysis of lung cancer data from TCGA database indicated a higher level of USP41 expression in lung cancer tumor tissue compared with that in noncancerous tissue, and USP41 overexpression was correlated with poor overall survival of lung cancer patients (p < 0.01). The outcomes of the EdU, MTT, and flow cytometry assays indicated decreased cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis in shUSP41‐transfected cells. Transwell assay further demonstrated that USP41 knockdown increased the migration rate of A549 and H1299 cells.ConclusionsIn our study, USP41 was overexpressed in lung cancer tissue and associated with poor prognosis of lung cancer. USP41 knockdown inhibits cell proliferation and migration and induces cell apoptosis of lung cancer.
Orbitofrontal cortex thickness and substance use disorders in emerging adulthood: causal inferences from a co‐twin control/discordant twin study
Authors: Harper Jeremy , Wilson Sylia , Malone Stephen M. , Hunt Ruskin H. , Thomas Kathleen M. , Iacono William G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground/aimsResearch linking orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) structure and substance use disorders (SUDs) is largely correlational and often implies a causal effect of addiction/substance exposure on the brain, but familial risk factors (e.g. genetic liability) may confound these associations. We tested whether associations between alcohol, cannabis and tobacco use disorders and OFC thickness reflected the potential causal effects of familial risk or SUDs‐related consequences (e.g. substance exposure).DesignA co‐twin control/discordant twin design separated familial risk confounding from SUD‐related consequences.Setting/participantsA population‐based sample of 436 24‐year‐old twins (62% monozygotic) from the Minnesota Twin Family Study, USA.MeasurementsAlcohol, cannabis and tobacco use disorders were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview—Substance Abuse Module. Cortical thickness of the medial and lateral OFC (mOFC and lOFC, respectively) was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).FindingsLower mOFC (P‐values ≤ 0.006) but not lOFC (P‐values ≥ 0.190) thickness was observed in diagnosed individuals (n = 185) relative to non‐SUD controls (n = 251). Co‐twin control analyses offered evidence that mOFC associations were consistent with familial risk across SUDs (between‐pair effect: P‐values ≤ 0.047) and the independent consequences of having an alcohol or cannabis use disorder (within‐pair effect: P‐values ≤ 0.024). That is, within alcohol/cannabis discordant twin pairs, affected twins had significantly lower mOFC thickness compared with their unaffected co‐twins.ConclusionsA confounder‐adjusted analysis of the Minnesota Twin Family Study appeared to indicate that, beyond a substance use disorders general familial risk effect, the experience of an alcohol or cannabis use disorder in emerging adulthood reduces the thickness of the medial orbitofrontal cortex, a region associated with value‐guided decision‐making.
Review of the biosystematics and bio‐ecology of the groundnut/soya bean leaf miner species (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
Authors: Buthelezi Makhosi N , Conlong Desmond E , Zharare Godfrey E 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAproaerema modicella (Deventer), Aproaerema simplexella (Walker) and Stomopteryx subsecivella (Zeller, 1852) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) are micro moth (Micro‐Lepidoptera) pests of groundnut and soya bean that have been described as different species on different continents. Recent DNA analyses of these species suggest that they are conspecific. Here, a review with emphasis on the genetics, biology, ecology and known host plant preferences of this apparent species is given. We argue, through the genetic/DNA data and analyses, that the three species should be grouped as a single species. The review ends by highlighting the areas that need further research to confirm our hypothesis.
Biomechanics of the fresh and conserved bovine pericardium
Authors: Soares Laura Gusman , de Oliveira Fabrício Singaretti , Queiroz Andréa Barros Piazzon de Souza , de Medeiros Ana Carolina Souza Ramos , Bariani Junior Antônio Fernando , Fechis Alisson Diego Senna , Rocha Thiago André Salvitti de Sá 
Published: February 2021

SummaryThe use of biological membranes in surgeries is a reality for years, and one of the most used is the bovine pericardium, so the purpose of this research is to describe the bovine pericardium's biomechanics by comparing two directions of a test, one parallel to the longitudinal heart axis and one perpendicular. 20 adult bovine pericardium were tested for the maximum rupture force and rupture elongation, collecting four samples of each pericardium direction. In phase 2, eight pericardia were conserved for 4 months in a 98% glycerine solution, and the solution in which they were submerged was microbiologically analysed monthly. The Mann–Whitney test was used; there was a very significant difference between the perpendicular and parallel groups (p = .0001). The T test showed no significant difference for the rupture elongation (p = .0938). In pericardium preserved in glycerine, the outliers were removed regarding the maximum rupture force, and a Boxcox transformation was performed (λ = 0.25). Outliers were removed for the rupture elongation, and Bartlett's test (p = .7836), and Cramer–Von Mises (p = .5033) were performed and then, the analysis of variance (p < .0001), followed by the Tukey test at 5%. In the microbiological analysis, there was no presence of microorganisms during conservation. The research has shown that the pericardium collection direction influences its resistance and it can be stored in glycerine for 4 months without losing biomechanical characteristics.
Unmet need for postpartum long‐acting reversible contraception in women with substance use disorders and/or socioeconomic disadvantage
Authors: Best Emanuelle , Lokuge Buddhima , Dunlop Adrian , Dunford Angela 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn Australia, it is estimated that 30% of pregnancies are unintended and 25% of pregnancies end in abortion. Unintended pregnancy can be particularly problematic for women with substance use disorders (SUD) and/or socioeconomic disadvantage. Long‐acting reversible contraception (LARC) including progestogen implants and intrauterine devices (IUD) are safe, affordable and extremely effective in decreasing rates of unintended pregnancy, yet are currently underutilised in Australia.AimsTo determine the current rate of unintended pregnancy, contraception counselling and postpartum LARC use in women who attend an antenatal clinic for SUD and/or socioeconomic disadvantage in pregnancy. We hypothesise that there is an unmet need for contraception in this population.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a retrospective audit of women who birthed in a tertiary hospital in 2018 with SUD and/or additional social support needs. We recorded the rate of unintended pregnancy, the occurrence of antenatal and postpartum contraception counselling and the rate of immediate postpartum LARC uptake through review of our electronic medical database.ResultsOf the 210 women in our study population, we identified a high proportion of unintended pregnancies (64%), a low rate of antenatal (11%) and postpartum (35%) contraception counselling, and a low uptake of immediate postpartum LARC use (3.3%), confirming an unmet need for contraception.ConclusionsFurther intervention is required to enhance the access to immediate postpartum LARC and reduce the risk and health burden of unintended pregnancy.
SD + SV4 diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy, a revaluation of ECG criterion by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Liu Demin , Su Hanqi , Wu Bailin , Zhu Di , Gu Guoqiang , Xie Dina , Cui Wei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroudPresent electrocardiogram (ECG) criteria for diagnosing left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) usually have low sensitivity, while the newly proposed SD + SV4 criterion, namely the deepest S‐wave amplitude in any lead (SD) plus SV4 amplitude, has been reported to have higher sensitivity and accuracy compared with other existing criteria. We aimed to further evaluate the diagnostic value of the SD + SV4 criterion in reference to the gold standard cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) in LVH diagnosis.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled 138 patients who received CMR examination—60 patients with reduced ejection fraction (EF) and 78 patients with preserved EF. The left ventricular mass index (LVMI) measured by CMR was used as the gold standard for diagnosing LVH.ResultThe diagnostic value of the SD + SV4 criterion was compared with other 4 commonly used criteria. By CMR, 29 out of 138 people (21%) were diagnosed with LVH in reference to CMR. The SD + SV4 criterion had markedly higher sensitivity in diagnosing LVH compared with other criteria, but no higher specificity. There was no significant difference in area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve among these criteria. The SD + SV4 criterion was not markedly consistent with CMR in diagnosing LVH. Compared to the other criteria, the SD + SV4 criterion had the highest sensitivity in patients with reduced ejection fraction; however, the area under the curve (AUC) of the SD + SV4 criterion in patients with reduced EF was significantly lower than in patients with preserved EF.ConclusionThe newly proposed SD + SV4 criterion did not have a better diagnostic value compared with other existing criteria, and the statistical power of the SD + SV4 criterion was influenced by EF.
Projection properties of three‐level screening designs
Authors: Alomair Mohammed A. , Georgiou Stelios D. , Aggarwal Manohar 
Published: February 2021

SummaryScreening designs are important for finding the factors that have a major effect on industrial experiments. In regard to quantitative factors, certain experimenters prefer three‐level rather than two‐level factors because having three levels can provide some assessments for capturing curvature in the response. In a recent paper, Jones and Nachtsheim, Journal of Quality Technology43, 1–15, proposed a new class of designs called definitive screening designs. Definitive screening designs have more favourable properties than classical screening designs. In this paper, we study the projection properties of three‐level screening designs. The comparison is based on several criteria such as D‐efficiency, G‐efficiency, A‐efficiency and average of variance over a range of models that include main effects, interaction and quadratic terms. New designs are generated as projections of the full designs into a smaller factor dimensional space. The best projections and their properties are presented in a tabular form.
The focussed information criterion for generalised linear regression models for time series
Authors: Pandhare S. C. , Ramanathan T. V. 
Published: February 2021

SummaryThe present paper proposes the focussed information criterion (FIC) to tackle the model selection problems pertinent to generalised linear models (GLM) for time series. As a first step towards constructing the FIC, we formally discuss the local asymptotic theory of quasi‐maximum likelihood estimation for time series GLM under potential model misspecification. The general FIC formula is derived subsequently that is useful for the simultaneous selection of the order of the autoregressive response as well as a subset of important covariates. We also develop the average FIC (AFIC) that is instrumental in selecting an overall good model for a range of covariates and time regions and establish the equivalence of the AFIC with the classical Akaike's information criterion (AIC). We demonstrate our theory with the analysis of rainfall patterns in Melbourne by means of the logistic and Gamma regression models.
Simultaneous estimation of cluster number and feature sparsity in high‐dimensional cluster analysis
Authors: Li Yujia , Zeng Xiangrui , Lin Chien‐Wei , Tseng George C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEstimating the number of clusters (K) is a critical and often difficult task in cluster analysis. Many methods have been proposed to estimate K, including some top performers using resampling approach. When performing cluster analysis in high‐dimensional data, simultaneous clustering and feature selection is needed for improved interpretation and performance. To our knowledge, little has been studied for simultaneous estimation of K and feature sparsity parameter in a high‐dimensional exploratory cluster analysis. In this paper, we propose a resampling method to bridge this gap and evaluate its performance under the sparse K‐means clustering framework. The proposed target function balances between sensitivity and specificity of clustering evaluation of pairwise subjects from clustering of full and subsampled data. Through extensive simulations, the method performs among the best over classical methods in estimating K in low‐dimensional data. For high‐dimensional simulation data, it also shows superior performance to simultaneously estimate K and feature sparsity parameter. Finally, we evaluated the methods in four microarray, two RNA‐seq, one SNP, and two nonomics datasets. The proposed method achieves better clustering accuracy with fewer selected predictive genes in almost all real applications.
Cover Image
Authors: Li Songhang , Zhang Tianxu , Zhou Mi , Zhang Xiaolin , Gao Yang , Cai Xiaoxiao 
Published: February 2021

The cover image is based on the Original Article A Novel Digital and Visualized Guided Bone Regeneration Procedure and Digital Precise Bone Augmentation: A Case Series by Songhang Li et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.12959.
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Rhino horn use by consumers of traditional Chinese medicine in China
Authors: Cheung Hubert , Mazerolle Lorraine , Possingham Hugh P. , Biggs Duan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe medicinal use of rhino horn in Asia is a major driver of poaching and illegal trade. Research into the different actors involved in this trade is needed to inform policymaking and improve conservation outcomes. While researchers have investigated rhino horn consumers in Vietnam, studies have yet to focus on China. Here, we conducted a large‐scale online survey to investigate medicinal rhino horn consumption in China's Guangdong province. One in seven respondents reported having used rhino horn in the past year. These individuals tended to be older, male, wealthier and better educated; several healthcare usage variables were also associated with rhino horn consumption. These findings can help guide the development of tailored demand reduction interventions. Our results question the effectiveness of the global community's current approach to rhino conservation. We conclude by highlighting the need for conservationists to work more closely with key stakeholders to find lasting and sustainable solutions.
Wnt/β‐catenin signaling: Structure, assembly and endocytosis of the signalosome
Authors: Colozza Gabriele , Koo Bon‐Kyoung 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWnt/β‐catenin signaling is an ancient pathway that regulates key aspects of embryonic development, cell differentiation, proliferation, and adult stem cell homeostasis. Work from different laboratories has shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the Wnt pathway, including structural details of ligand–receptor interactions. One key aspect that has emerged from multiple studies is that endocytosis of the receptor complex plays a crucial role in fine‐tuning Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. Endocytosis is a key process involved in both activation as well as attenuation of Wnt signaling, but how this is regulated is still poorly understood. Importantly, recent findings show that Wnt also regulates central metabolic pathways such as the acquisition of nutrients through actin‐driven endocytic mechanisms. In this review, we propose that the Wnt pathway displays diverse characteristics that go beyond the regulation of gene expression, through a connection with the endocytic machinery.
An overview of obesity mechanisms in humans: Endocrine regulation of food intake, eating behaviour and common determinants of body weight
Authors: Theilade Simone , Christensen Mikkel B. , Vilsbøll Tina , Knop Filip K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObesity is one of the biggest health challenges of the 21st century, already affecting close to 700 million people worldwide, debilitating and shortening lives and costing billions of pounds in healthcare costs and loss of workability. Body weight homeostasis relies on complex biological mechanisms and the development of obesity occurs on a background of genetic susceptibility and an environment promoting increased caloric intake and reduced physical activity. The pathophysiology of common obesity links neuro‐endocrine and metabolic disturbances with behavioural changes, genetics, epigenetics and cultural habits. Also, specific causes of obesity exist, including monogenetic diseases and iatrogenic causes. In this review, we provide an overview of obesity mechanisms in humans with a focus on energy homeostasis, endocrine regulation of food intake and eating behavior, as well as the most common specific causes of obesity.
Utility of transesophageal echocardiography to assess real time left atrial pressure changes and dynamic mitral regurgitation following placement of transseptal multistage venous cannula for systemic venous drainage and indirect left ventricular venting in venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Meers Jacob Bradley , Nanda Navin C. , Watts Thomas Evan , Prejean Shane , Hoopes Charles W. , Lenneman Andrew , Ahmed Mustafa I. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA patient with heart failure due to nonischemic cardiomyopathy presented as a transfer to our institution following peripheral (femoral) venoarterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) placement. With peripheral VA ECMO cannulation, the patient continued to have unstable ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Echocardiography demonstrated left ventricular (LV) dilation and severe mitral regurgitation (MR) with clinical and chest X‐ray evidence of pulmonary edema. To provide venous drainage and simultaneous decompression of the left atrium (LA) and thereby indirect LV venting, a single multistage venous cannula was placed across the inter‐atrial septum (IAS) using the previously described left atrial venoarterial (LA‐VA) ECMO cannulation technique. Two‐ and three‐dimensional (3D) transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) demonstrated utility in guiding cannula placement into the appropriate position and providing real time assessment of ventricular decompression and MR severity. There was subsequent improvement in pulmonary edema. This case is thought to be the first demonstration of real time resolution of pulmonary venous flow reversal in a patient undergoing LA‐VA ECMO cannulation. This demonstration offers important mechanistic insight into some of the potential benefits of such an approach.
Twenty‐four‐hour patterns in electrodermal activity recordings of patients with and without epileptic seizures
Authors: Vieluf Solveig , Amengual‐Gual Marta , Zhang Bo , El Atrache Rima , Ufongene Claire , Jackson Michele C. , Branch Sarah , Reinsberger Claus , Loddenkemper Tobias 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveDaytime and nighttime patterns affect the dynamic modulation of brain and body functions and influence the autonomic nervous system response to seizures. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate 24‐hour patterns of electrodermal activity (EDA) in patients with and without seizures.MethodsWe included pediatric patients with (a) seizures (SZ), including focal impaired awareness seizures (FIAS) or generalized tonic‐clonic seizures (GTCS), (b) no seizures and normal electroencephalography (NEEG), or (c) no seizures but epileptiform activity in the EEG (EA) during vEEG monitoring. Patients wore a device that continuously recorded EDA and temperature (TEMP). EDA levels, EDA spectral power, and TEMP levels were analyzed. To investigate 24‐hour patterns, we performed a nonlinear mixed‐effects model analysis. Relative mean pre‐ictal (−30 min to seizure onset) and post‐ictal (I: 30 min after seizure offset; II: 30 to 60 min after seizure offset) values were compared for SZ subgroups.ResultsWe included 119 patients (40 SZ, 17 NEEG, 62 EA). EDA level and power group‐specific models (SZ, NEEG, EA) (h = 1; P < .01) were superior to the all‐patient cohort model. Fifty‐nine seizures were analyzed. Pre‐ictal EDA values were lower than respective 24‐hour modulated SZ group values. Post hoc comparisons following the period‐by‐seizure type interaction (EDA level: = 18.50; P < .001, and power: = 6.73; P = .035) revealed that EDA levels were higher in the post‐ictal period I for FIAS and GTCS and in post‐ictal period II for GTCS only compared to the pre‐ictal period.SignificanceContinuously monitored EDA shows a pattern of change over 24 hours. Curve amplitudes in patients with recorded seizures were lower as compared to patients who did not exhibit seizures during the recording period. Sympathetic skin responses were greater and more prolonged in GTCS compared to FIAS. EDA recordings from wearable devices offer a noninvasive tool to continuously monitor sympathetic activity with potential applications for seizure detection, prediction, and potentially sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) risk estimation.
Depressed β‐adrenergic inotropic responsiveness and intracellular calcium handling abnormalities in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy patients’ induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: Mekies Lucy N. , Regev Danielle , Eisen Binyamin , Fernandez‐Gracia Jonatan , Baskin Polina , Ben Jehuda Ronen , Shulman Rita , Reiter Irina , Palty Raz , Arad Michael , Gottlieb Eyal , Binah Ofer 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, is an X‐linked disease affecting male and rarely adult heterozygous females, resulting in death by the late 20s to early 30s. Previous studies reported depressed left ventricular function in DMD patients which may result from deranged intracellular Ca2+‐handling. To decipher the mechanism(s) underlying the depressed LV function, we tested the hypothesis that iPSC‐CMs generated from DMD patients feature blunted positive inotropic response to β‐adrenergic stimulation. To test the hypothesis, [Ca2+]i transients and contractions were recorded from healthy and DMD‐CMs. While in healthy CMs (HC) isoproterenol caused a prominent positive inotropic effect, DMD‐CMs displayed a blunted inotropic response. Next, we tested the functionality of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) by measuring caffeine‐induced Ca2+ release. In contrast to HC, DMD‐CMs exhibited reduced caffeine‐induced Ca2+ signal amplitude and recovery time. In support of the depleted SR Ca2+ stores hypothesis, in DMD‐CMs the negative inotropic effects of ryanodine and cyclopiazonic acid were smaller than in HC. RNA‐seq analyses demonstrated that in DMD CMs the RNA‐expression levels of specific subunits of the L‐type calcium channel, the β1‐adrenergic receptor (ADRβ1) and adenylate cyclase were down‐regulated by 3.5‐, 2.8‐ and 3‐fold, respectively, which collectively contribute to the depressed β‐adrenergic responsiveness.