bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Аналіз критичності під час протікання важкої аварії у басейнах витримки відпрацьованого ядерного палива ВВЕР-1000
Authors: Bilodid Ie. , Dudka O. , Kovbasenko Yu. 
Published: September 2021

У статті розглянуто результати розрахункового аналізу критичності відсіку басейну витримки для реакторів ВВЕР-1000 на різних стадіях протікання важкої аварії.
Аналіз критичності паливомістких систем, що утворюються під час розвитку важкої аварії, розглянуто на прикладі дискретних конфігурацій, які можна описати певними моделями. Звичайно, у реальності протікання важкої аварії являє собою безперервний процес переходу від початкової стадії аварії до її сталого стану наприкінці. Проте, залежно від характеристик палива та умов протікання аварії, будь-яка розглянута конфігурація з тепловидільними збірками та матеріалами басейну витримки може стати кінцевою. У статті наведено аналіз критичності відсіку басейну витримки реакторної установки з ВВЕР-1000 на етапах важкої аварії, що настають після початкової стадії аварії, коли внаслідок випаровування води та підняття температури відбувається деформація твелів та тепловидільних збірок.
На основі створених з використанням коду KENO-VI з послідовності для аналізу критичності CSAS6 пакета кодів SCALE версії 6.2.4 моделей були досліджені розмножуючі властивості відсіку басейну витримки в умовах деградації шестигранних чохлів. У розглянутих конфігураціях водо-уранової суміші була досягнута надкритичність (себто коефіцієнт розмноження нейтронів перевищив 1). Тобто, за таких умов необхідний рівень підкритичності може бути забезпечений додаванням до води розчину бору. Розглянута в рамках розвитку аварії гомогенна одношарова та двошарова модель розтікання коріуму опорною плитою є безпечною з погляду на критичність. Проте, опорна плита має отвори для проходу теплоносія у тепловидільну збірку. У разі, коли розплав або уламки палива потраплять через отвори в простір під опорну плиту, вони можуть утворити із залишками води уран-водну суміш, яка за певних співвідношень палива та води, може стати надкритичною. У такому випадку розмножуючі властивості відсіку басейну витримки будуть залежати від вмісту домішків конструкційних елементів басейну витримки та тепловидільних збірок у матеріалі під опорною плитою та/або концентрації борної кислоти у воді. Після пошкодження облицювання підлоги відсіку басейну витримки, починається проплавлення бетону. Розглянуті конфігурації та матеріальний склад суміші коріуму, бетону та води дозволяють зробити висновок про безпечність цієї фази важкої аварії з погляду на критичність.
Análisis de patrones meteorológicos para temperaturas mínimas en el cantón Riobamba, Ecuador
Authors: Pérez Londo Natalia Alexandra , Marcatoma Tixi Jessica Alexandra , Ramos Araujo Cristina Estefanía , Guerrero Hidalgo Hitler Abdón 
Published: September 2021

Introducción. La variabilidad climática es un tema a tratarse con atención, porque ésta puede afectar las relaciones entre la sociedad y la naturaleza. Si bien, al hablar de la región Sierra, no se puede asegurar un aumento paulatino de las temperaturas, al hacer un estudio localizado se puede comprender mejor la realidad Objetivo. En esta investigación se ha enfocado en determinar la existencia de patrones considerables en los registros de temperatura mínima desde el año de 1976 hasta el 2020 para la cuidad de Riobamba. Metodología. Se ha utilizado el análisis de componentes principales para identificar la similitud entre variables (años) e individuos (meses) de la temperatura mínima, empleando el software libre RStudio mediante la librería Factoshiny. Resultados. Esta técnica estadística ha evidenciado 3 agrupamientos, grupo 1: agosto y septiembre, grupo 2: enero, marzo, abril y mayo, grupo 3: octubre y diciembre, que están relacionados al clima de la región andina, se ha observado una diferencia en el mes de julio. En los años 1977, 1983, 1986, 1992, 1995,1998, 2005, 2007 la temperatura mínima es relevante dentro de los meses de enero, marzo, abril y mayo, que se ven afectadas por las masas continental y oceánica que determinan el fenómeno del Niño y la Niña. Conclusión. El estudio retrospectivo de estos ciclos puede aportar información sobre los efectos históricos de estos fenómenos sobre las poblaciones y los ecosistemas de la región.
Serum Afamin a Novel Marker of Increased Hepatic Lipid Content
Authors: Kurdiova Timea , Balaz Miroslav , Kovanicova Zuzana , Zemkova Erika , Kuzma Martin , Belan Vitazoslav , Payer Juraj , Gasperikova Daniela , Dieplinger Hans , Ukropcova Barbara , Ukropec Jozef 
Published: September 2021

AimAfamin is a liver-produced glycoprotein, a potential early marker of metabolic syndrome. Here we investigated regulation of afamin in a course of the metabolic disease development and in response to 3-month exercise intervention.MethodsWe measured whole-body insulin sensitivity (euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp), glucose tolerance, abdominal adiposity, hepatic lipid content (magnetic resonance imaging/spectroscopy), habitual physical activity (accelerometers) and serum afamin (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) in 71 middle-aged men with obesity, prediabetes and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Effects of 3-month exercise were investigated in 22 overweight-to-obese middle-aged individuals (16M/6F).ResultsPrediabetes and type 2 diabetes, but not obesity, were associated with increased serum afamin (p&lt;0.001). Afamin correlated positively with hepatic lipids, fatty liver index and liver damage markers; with parameters of adiposity (waist circumference, %body fat, adipocyte diameter) and insulin resistance (fasting insulin, C-peptide, HOMA-IR; p&lt;0.001 all). Moreover, afamin negatively correlated with whole-body insulin sensitivity (M-value/Insulin, p&lt;0.001). Hepatic lipids and fasting insulinemia were the most important predictors of serum afamin, explaining &gt;63% of its variability. Exercise-related changes in afamin were paralleled by reciprocal changes in insulinemia, insulin resistance and visceral adiposity. No significant change in hepatic lipid content was observed.ConclusionsSubjects with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes had the highest serum afamin levels. Afamin was more tightly related to hepatic lipid accumulation, liver damage and insulin resistance than to obesity.
Mortality Risk of Antidiabetic Agents for Type 2 Diabetes With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kan Chengxia , Zhang Yang , Han Fang , Xu Qian , Ye Tongtong , Hou Ningning , Sun Xiaodong 
Published: September 2021

AimsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess various antidiabetic agents’ association with mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who have coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).MethodsWe performed comprehensive literature retrieval from the date of inception until February 2, 2021, in medical databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library), regarding mortality outcomes in patients with T2DM who have COVID-19. Pooled OR and 95% CI data were used to assess relationships between antidiabetic agents and mortality.ResultsEighteen studies with 17,338 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Metformin (pooled OR, 0.69; P=0.001) and sulfonylurea (pooled OR, 0.80; P=0.016) were associated with lower mortality risk in patients with T2DM who had COVID-19. However, patients with T2DM who had COVID-19 and received insulin exhibited greater mortality (pooled OR, 2.20; P=0.002). Mortality did not significantly differ (pooled OR, 0.72; P=0.057) between DPP-4 inhibitor users and non-users.ConclusionsMetformin and sulfonylurea could be associated with reduced mortality risk in patients with T2DM who have COVID-19. Furthermore, insulin use could be associated with greater mortality, while DPP-4 inhibitor use could not be. The effects of antidiabetic agents in patients with T2DM who have COVID-19 require further exploration.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO (identifier, CRD42021242898).
In Situ Hydrodeoxygenation of Lignin-Derived Phenols With Synergistic Effect Between the Bimetal and Nb2O5 Support
Authors: Tong Le , Cai Bo , Zhang Ronghua , Feng Junfeng , Pan Hui 
Published: September 2021

Nb2O5-supported bimetallic catalysts were prepared by the impregnation method applied for the in situ hydrogenation of guaiacol. Guaiacol can be effectively transformed into cyclohexanol over different bimetallic catalysts using alcohol as the hydrogen donor. Meanwhile, the effects of different hydrogen donors such as isopropanol, sec-pentanol, and ethylene glycol on in situ hydrogenation of guaiacol were investigated in detail, and the results showed that isopropanol is the best hydrogen supply solvent. Then, the dependence of Ni–Mn/Nb2O5 properties on metal loading, reaction time, reaction temperature, and reaction pressure was studied for the in situ hydrogenation of guaiacol by using isopropanol as the hydrogen donor. Guaiacol can be completely converted, and the yield of cyclohexanol reached 71.8% over Ni–Mn/Nb2O5 with isopropanol as the hydrogen donor at 200°C for 5 h. The structures and characteristics of better catalytic properties of the Ni–Mn/Nb2O5 catalyst were determined by BET, NH3-TPD, XRD, XPS, SEM, and TEM, and the results indicated the particle size of the metal was small (approximately 10 nm) and the metal particles are finely dispersed in the whole support. Therefore, a large number of medium acid sites were generated on the 10Ni-10Mn/Nb2O5 with a large specific surface area, which could increase the interface between the metal and the support and may be beneficial to the hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol.
Graph Representation Forecasting of Patient's Medical Conditions: Toward a Digital Twin
Authors: Barbiero Pietro , Viñas Torné Ramon , Lió Pietro 
Published: September 2021

Objective: Modern medicine needs to shift from a wait and react, curative discipline to a preventative, interdisciplinary science aiming at providing personalized, systemic, and precise treatment plans to patients. To this purpose, we propose a “digital twin” of patients modeling the human body as a whole and providing a panoramic view over individuals' conditions.Methods: We propose a general framework that composes advanced artificial intelligence (AI) approaches and integrates mathematical modeling in order to provide a panoramic view over current and future pathophysiological conditions. Our modular architecture is based on a graph neural network (GNN) forecasting clinically relevant endpoints (such as blood pressure) and a generative adversarial network (GAN) providing a proof of concept of transcriptomic integrability.Results: We tested our digital twin model on two simulated clinical case studies combining information at organ, tissue, and cellular level. We provided a panoramic overview over current and future patient's conditions by monitoring and forecasting clinically relevant endpoints representing the evolution of patient's vital parameters using the GNN model. We showed how to use the GAN to generate multi-tissue expression data for blood and lung to find associations between cytokines conditioned on the expression of genes in the renin–angiotensin pathway. Our approach was to detect inflammatory cytokines, which are known to have effects on blood pressure and have previously been associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection (e.g., CXCR6, XCL1, and others).Significance: The graph representation of a computational patient has potential to solve important technological challenges in integrating multiscale computational modeling with AI. We believe that this work represents a step forward toward next-generation devices for precision and predictive medicine.
Whole Transcriptome Analysis Revealed a Stress Response to Deep Underground Environment Conditions in Chinese Hamster V79 Lung Fibroblast Cells
Authors: Duan Liju , Jiang Hongying , Liu Jifeng , Liu Yilin , Ma Tengfei , Xie Yike , Wang Ling , Cheng Juan , Zou Jian , Wu Jiang , Liu Shixi , Gao Mingzhong , Li Weimin , Xie Heping 
Published: September 2021

Background: Prior studies have shown that the proliferation of V79 lung fibroblast cells could be inhibited by low background radiation (LBR) in deep underground laboratory (DUGL). In the current study, we revealed further molecular changes by performing whole transcriptome analysis on the expression profiles of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), circular RNA (circRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) in V79 cells cultured for two days in a DUGL.Methods: Whole transcriptome analysis including lncRNA, mRNAs, circ RNA and miRNA was performed in V79 cells cultured for two days in DUGL and above ground laboratory (AGL), respectively. The differentially expressed (DE) lncRNA, mRNA, circRNA, and miRNA in V79 cells were identified by the comparison between DUGL and AGL groups. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was conducted to verify the selected RNA sequencings. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway was analyzed for the DE mRNAs which enabled to predict target genes of lncRNA and host genes of circRNA.Results: With |log2(Fold-change)| ≥ 1.0 and p &lt; 0.05, a total of 1257 mRNAs (353 mRNAs up-regulated, 904 mRNAs down-regulated), 866 lncRNAs (145 lncRNAs up-regulated, 721 lncRNAs down-regulated), and 474 circRNAs (247 circRNAs up-regulated, 227 circRNAs down-regulated) were significantly altered between the two groups. There was no significant difference in miRNA between the two groups. The altered RNA profiles were mainly discovered in lncRNAs, mRNAs and circRNAs. DE RNAs were involved in many pathways including ECM-RI, PI3K-Akt signaling, RNA transport and the cell cycle under the LBR stress of the deep underground environment.Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that the LBR in the DUGL could induce transcriptional repression, thus reducing metabolic process and reprogramming the overall gene expression profile in V79 cells.
The Immunoregulatory Role of the Signal Regulatory Protein Family and CD47 Signaling Pathway in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Sharp Robert C. , Brown Matthew E. , Shapiro Melanie R. , Posgai Amanda L. , Brusko Todd M. 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundThe pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) involves complex genetic susceptibility that impacts pathways regulating host immunity and the target of autoimmune attack, insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells. Interactions between risk variants and environmental factors result in significant heterogeneity in clinical presentation among those who develop T1D. Although genetic risk is dominated by the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II and insulin (INS) gene loci, nearly 150 additional risk variants are significantly associated with the disease, including polymorphisms in immune checkpoint molecules, such as SIRPG.Scope of ReviewIn this review, we summarize the literature related to the T1D-associated risk variants in SIRPG, which include a protein-coding variant (rs6043409, G&gt;A; A263V) and an intronic polymorphism (rs2281808, C&gt;T), and their potential impacts on the immunoregulatory signal regulatory protein (SIRP) family:CD47 signaling axis. We discuss how dysregulated expression or function of SIRPs and CD47 in antigen-presenting cells (APCs), T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and pancreatic β-cells could potentially promote T1D development.Major ConclusionsWe propose a hypothesis, supported by emerging genetic and functional immune studies, which states a loss of proper SIRP:CD47 signaling may result in increased lymphocyte activation and cytotoxicity and enhanced β-cell destruction. Thus, we present several novel therapeutic strategies for modulation of SIRPs and CD47 to intervene in T1D.
Genomic and Epidemiological Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Viruses in Sri Lanka
Authors: Jeewandara Chandima , Jayathilaka Deshni , Ranasinghe Diyanath , Hsu Nienyun Sharon , Ariyaratne Dinuka , Jayadas Tibutius Thanesh , Panambara Arachchige Deshan Madhusanka , Lindsey Benjamin B. , Gomes Laksiri , Parker Matthew D. , Wijewickrama Ananda , Karunaratne Malika , Ogg Graham S. , de Silva Thushan I. , Malavige Gathsaurie Neelika 
Published: September 2021

Background: In order to understand the molecular epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Sri Lanka, since March 2020, we carried out genomic sequencing overlaid on available epidemiological data until April 2021.Methods: Whole genome sequencing was carried out on diagnostic sputum or nasopharyngeal swabs from 373 patients with COVID-19. Molecular clock phylogenetic analysis was undertaken to further explore dominant lineages.Results: The B.1.411 lineage was most prevalent, which was established in Sri Lanka and caused outbreaks throughout the country until March 2021. The estimated time of the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of this lineage was June 1, 2020 (with 95% lower and upper bounds March 30 to July 27) suggesting cryptic transmission may have occurred, prior to a large epidemic starting in October 2020. Returning travellers were identified with infections caused by lineage B.1.258, as well as the more transmissible B.1.1.7 lineage, which has replaced B.1.411 to fuel the ongoing large outbreak in the country.Conclusions: The large outbreak that started in early October, is due to spread of a single virus lineage, B.1.411 until the end of March 2021, when B.1.1.7 emerged and became the dominant lineage.
GeneTrail: A Framework for the Analysis of High-Throughput Profiles
Authors: Gerstner Nico , Kehl Tim , Lenhof Kerstin , Eckhart Lea , Schneider Lara , Stöckel Daniel , Backes Christina , Meese Eckart , Keller Andreas , Lenhof Hans-Peter 
Published: September 2021

Experimental high-throughput techniques, like next-generation sequencing or microarrays, are nowadays routinely applied to create detailed molecular profiles of cells. In general, these platforms generate high-dimensional and noisy data sets. For their analysis, powerful bioinformatics tools are required to gain novel insights into the biological processes under investigation. Here, we present an overview of the GeneTrail tool suite that offers rich functionality for the analysis and visualization of (epi-)genomic, transcriptomic, miRNomic, and proteomic profiles. Our framework enables the analysis of standard bulk, time-series, and single-cell measurements and includes various state-of-the-art methods to identify potentially deregulated biological processes and to detect driving factors within those deregulated processes. We highlight the capabilities of our web service with an analysis of a single-cell COVID-19 data set that demonstrates its potential for uncovering complex molecular mechanisms.GeneTrail can be accessed freely and without login requirements athttp://genetrail.bioinf.uni-sb.de.
Delta Opioid Receptor in Astrocytes Contributes to Neuropathic Cold Pain and Analgesic Tolerance in Female Mice
Authors: Reiss David , Maurin Hervé , Audouard Emilie , Martínez-Navarro Miriam , Xue Yaping , Herault Yann , Maldonado Rafael , Cabañero David , Gaveriaux-Ruff Claire 
Published: September 2021

Background: The delta opioid receptor (DOR) contributes to pain control, and a major challenge is the identification of DOR populations that control pain, analgesia, and tolerance. Astrocytes are known as important cells in the pathophysiology of chronic pain, and many studies report an increased prevalence of pain in women. However, the implication of astrocytic DOR in neuropathic pain and analgesia, as well as the influence of sex in this receptor activity, remains unknown.Experimental Approach: We developed a novel conditional knockout (cKO) mouse line wherein DOR is deleted in astrocytes (named GFAP-DOR-KO), and investigated neuropathic mechanical allodynia as well as analgesia and analgesic tolerance in mutant male and female mice. Neuropathic cold allodynia was also characterized in mice of both sexes lacking DOR either in astrocytes or constitutively.Results: Neuropathic mechanical allodynia was similar in GFAP-DOR-KO and floxed DOR control mice, and the DOR agonist SNC80 produced analgesia in mutant mice of both sexes. Interestingly, analgesic tolerance developed in cKO males and was abolished in cKO females. Cold neuropathic allodynia was reduced in mice with decreased DOR in astrocytes. By contrast, cold allodynia was exacerbated in full DOR KO females.Conclusions: These findings show that astrocytic DOR has a prominent role in promoting cold allodynia and analgesic tolerance in females, while overall DOR activity was protective. Altogether this suggests that endogenous- and exogenous-mediated DOR activity in astrocytes worsens neuropathic allodynia while DOR activity in other cells attenuates this form of pain. In conclusion, our results show a sex-specific implication of astrocytic DOR in neuropathic pain and analgesic tolerance. These findings open new avenues for developing tailored DOR-mediated analgesic strategies.
A Neurological Outpatient Clinic for Patients With Post-COVID-19 Syndrome — A Report on the Clinical Presentations of the First 100 Patients
Authors: Boesl Fabian , Audebert Heinrich , Endres Matthias , Prüss Harald , Franke Christiana 
Published: September 2021

Background and Objectives: Neurological and psychiatric symptoms are frequent in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS). Here, we report on the clinical presentation of the first 100 patients who presented to our PCS Neurology outpatient clinic ≥12 weeks after the acute infection with SARS-CoV-2. To date, PCS is only defined by temporal connection to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Identification of clinical phenotypes and subgroups of PCS is urgently needed.Design: We assessed clinical data of our first 100 ambulatory patients regarding clinical presentations; self-questionnaires focusing on daytime sleepiness, mood, and fatigue; and a screening assessment for detecting cognitive impairment.Results: A total of 89% of the patients presenting to the Neurology outpatient clinic had an initially mild course of COVID-19 and had not been hospitalized. The majority of the patients were female (67 vs. 33% male). The most frequent symptom reported was cognitive impairment (72%). There were 30% of patients who reported cognitive deficits and scored below 26 points on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale. Fatigue (67%), headache (36%), and persisting hyposmia (36%) were also frequently reported; 5.5% of all patients showed signs of severe depression.Discussion: To our knowledge, this is the first report of patient data of a PCS Neurology outpatient clinic. Neurological sequelae also exist for more than 3 months after mainly mild SARS-CoV-2 acute infections. The reported symptoms are in accordance with recently published data of hospitalized patients.