bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nomogram based on homogeneous and heterogeneous associated factors for predicting distant metastases in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Luo Tianwen , Wang Yutong , Shan Xuefeng , Bai Ye , Huang Chun , Li Guangcan , Wang Hongmei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The identification of the homogeneous and heterogeneous risk factors for different types of metastases in colorectal cancer (CRC) may shed light on the aetiology and help individualize prophylactic treatment. The present study characterized the incidence differences and identified the homogeneous and heterogeneous risk factors associated with distant metastases in CRC.

Methods
CRC patients registered in the SEER database between 2010 and 2016 were included in this study. Logistic regression was used to analyse homogeneous and heterogeneous risk factors for the occurrence of different types of metastases. Nomograms were constructed to predict the risk for developing metastases, and the performance was quantitatively assessed using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve and calibration curve.

Results
A total of 204,595 eligible CRC patients were included in our study, and 17.07% of them had distant metastases. The overall incidences of liver metastases, lung metastases, bone metastases, and brain metastases were 15.34%, 5.22%, 1.26%, and 0.29%, respectively. The incidence of distant metastases differed by age, gender, and the original CRC sites. Poorly differentiated grade, more lymphatic metastasis, higher carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and different metastatic organs were all positively associated with four patterns of metastases. In contrast, age, sex, race, insurance status, position, and T stage were heterogeneously associated with metastases. The calibration and ROC curves exhibited good performance for predicting distant metastases.

Conclusions
The incidence of distant metastases in CRC exhibited distinct differences, and the patients had homogeneous and heterogeneous associated risk factors. Although limited risk factors were included in the present study, the established nomogram showed good prediction performance.
A natural experimental study of improvements along an urban canal: impact on canal usage, physical activity and other wellbeing behaviours
Authors: Benton Jack S. , Cotterill Sarah , Anderson Jamie , Macintyre Vanessa G. , Gittins Matthew , Dennis Matthew , French David P. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
There are few robust natural experimental studies of improving urban green spaces on physical activity and wellbeing. The aim of this controlled natural experimental study was to examine the impact of green space improvements along an urban canal on canal usage, physical activity and two other wellbeing behaviours (social interactions and taking notice of the environment) among adults in Greater Manchester, UK. The intervention included resurfaced footpaths, removal of encroaching vegetation, improved entrances, new benches and signage.

Methods
Two comparison sites were matched to the intervention site using a systematic five-step process, based on eight correlates of physical activity at the neighbourhood (e.g. population density) and site (e.g. lighting) levels. Outcomes were assessed using systematic observations at baseline, and 7, 12 and 24 months post-baseline. The primary outcome was the change in the number of people using the canal path from baseline to 12 months. Other outcomes were changes in physical activity levels (Sedentary, Walking, Vigorous), Connect and Take Notice behaviours. Data were analysed using multilevel mixed-effects negative binomial regression models, comparing outcomes in the intervention group with the matched comparison group, controlling for day, time of day and precipitation. A process evaluation assessed potential displacement of activity from a separate existing canal path using intercept surveys and observations.

Results
The total number of people observed using the canal path at the intervention site increased more than the comparison group at 12 months post-baseline (IRR 2.10, 95% CI 1.79–2.48); there were similar observed increases at 7 and 24 months post-baseline. There was some evidence that the intervention brought about increases in walking and vigorous physical activity, social interactions, and people taking notice of the environment. The process evaluation suggested that there was some displacement of activity, but the intervention also encouraged existing users to use the canal more often.

Conclusions
Urban canals are promising settings for interventions to encourage green space usage and potentially increase physical activity and other wellbeing behaviours. Interventions that improve access to green corridors along canals and provide separate routes for different types of physical activities may be particularly effective and warrant further research.

Study protocol
Study protocol published in Open Science Framework in July 2018 before the first follow-up data collection finished (https://osf.io/zcm7v). Date of registration: 28 June 2018.
Conducting a conventional multi-casualty incident in COVID-19 personal protective equipment - a semi-structured interview
Authors: Raitt James , Watts Ben , Rayet Jaspreet , Hodkinson Mark , Zideman David 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The risk of COVID-19 transmission to healthcare professionals is likely to continue for the foreseeable future. The wearing of personal protective equipment (PPE) presents a number of potential challenges to responders that may impact upon the management of patients in a multi-casualty incident.
This report describes a multi-agency multi-casualty incident. It identifies learning points specifically related to the challenges of conducting a conventional multi-casualty incident in COVID-19 PPE.

Case
The multi casualty incident in Reading, UK on the 20 June 2020 involved six stab injury victims and was attended by four pre-hospital critical care teams. This was the first conventional multi-casualty incident that pre-hospital critical care teams had attended during the COVID-19 era and it was conducted in COVID-19 PPE (1). The scene was an urban park where three patients were confirmed to be in Traumatic Cardiac Arrest (TCA) from stab wounds and another three patients had also suffered stab injuries. By the time the incident had concluded three patients were pronounced dead at the scene. Two patients were transported to the local trauma unit and one patient was transported to the regional Major Trauma Centre depending on the severity of their injuries.

Conclusions
We conducted a semi structured telephone interview with the critical care clinicians who were involved in the incident. The interviews focused specifically on the challenges of responding whilst wearing COVID-19 PPE, rather than the wider challenges of responding to such an incident. The key learning points identified were:

Improving the identifiability of clinicians in level 3 PPE

wearing identification tabards

using visible labelling on PPE suits

Improving communication by radio

using a belt to carry the radio

using an earpiece and push to talk system.

Training in conducting multi casualty incidents in level 3 PPE.
Immunotherapeutic strategies targeting B cell maturation antigen in multiple myeloma
Authors: Fang Yi , Hou Jian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematologic malignancy, and is characterized by the clonal expansion of malignant plasma cells. Despite the recent improvement in patient outcome due to the use of novel therapeutic agents and stem cell transplantation, all patients eventually relapse due to clone evolution. B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is highly expressed in and specific for MM cells, and has been implicated in the pathogenesis as well as treatment development for MM. In this review, we will summarize representative anti-BCMA immune therapeutic strategies, including BCMA-targeted vaccines, anti-BCMA antibodies and BCMA-targeted CAR cells. Combination of different immunotherapeutic strategies of targeting BCMA, multi-target immune therapeutic strategies, and adding immune modulatory agents to normalize anti-MM immune system in minimal residual disease (MRD) negative patients, will also be discussed.
The risks of liver injury in COVID-19 patients and pharmacological management to reduce or prevent the damage induced
Authors: Vitiello Antonio , La Porta Raffaele , D’Aiuto Vilma , Ferrara Francesco 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The global pandemic COVID-19 caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has already caused about 1.4 million deaths, and to date, there are no effective or direct antiviral vaccines. Some vaccines are in the last stages of testing. Overall mortality rates vary between countries, for example, from a minimum of 0.05% in Singapore to a maximum of 9.75 in Mexico; however, mortality and severity of COVID-19 are higher in the elderly and in those with comorbidities already present such as diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease.

Main text
Recent evidence has shown that an underlying liver disease can also be a risk factor, and SARS-CoV-2 itself can cause direct or indirect damage to liver tissue through multisystem inflammation generated especially in the more severe stages. In the current pandemic, liver dysfunction has been observed in 14–53% of patients with severe COVID-19. In addition, drugs administered during infection may be an additional factor of liver damage. The mechanism of cellular penetration of the virus that occurs by viral entry is through the receptors of the angiotensin 2 conversion enzyme (ACE-2) host that are abundantly present in type II pneumocytes, heart cells, but also liver cholangiocytes.

Conclusion
In this manuscript, we describe the clinical management aimed at preserving the liver or reducing the damage caused by COVID-19 and anti-COVID-19 drug treatments.
Molded Vial Manufacturing and Its Impact on Heat Transfer during Freeze-Drying: Vial Geometry Considerations
Authors: Wenzel Tim , Gieseler Henning 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecent advances in molded vial manufacturing enabled manufacturers to use a new manufacturing technique to achieve superior homogeneity of the vial wall thickness. This study evaluated the influence of the different manufacturing techniques of molded vials and glass compositions on vial heat transfer in freeze-drying. Additionally, the influence of using empty vials as thermal shielding on thermal characteristics of edge and center vials was investigated. The vial heat transfer coefficient Kv was determined gravimetrically for multiple vial systems. The results showed superior heat transfer characteristics of the novel manufacturing technique as well as differences in heat transfer for the different glass compositions. Empty vials on the outside of the array did not influence center vial Kv values compared to a full array. The direct contact area and vial bottom curvature and their correlation to heat transfer parameters were analyzed across multiple vial systems. A new approach based on light microscopy to describe the vial bottom curvature more accurately was described. The presented results for the contact area allowed for an approximation of the pressure-independent heat transfer parameter KC. The results for the vial bottom curvature showed a great correlation to the pressure-dependent heat transfer parameter KD. Overall, the results highlighted how a thorough geometrical characterization of vials with known heat transfer characteristics could be used to predict thermal characteristics of new vial systems as an alternative to a time-consuming gravimetric Kv determination. Primary drying times were simulated to show the influence of Kv on drying performance.
Drosophila model of anti-retroviral therapy induced peripheral neuropathy and nociceptive hypersensitivity
Authors: Bush Keegan M. , Barber Kara R. , Martinez Jade A. , Tang Shao-Jun , Wairkar Yogesh P. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved the survival of HIV-infected patients significantly. However, significant numbers of patients on ART whose HIV disease is well controlled show peripheral sensory neuropathy (PSN), suggesting that ART may cause PSN. Although the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), one of the vital components of ART, are thought to contribute to PSN, the mechanisms underlying the PSN induced by NRTIs are unclear. In this study, we developed a Drosophila model of NRTI-induced PSN that recapitulates the salient features observed in patients undergoing ART: PSN and nociceptive hypersensitivity. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that pathways known to suppress PSN induced by chemotherapeutic drugs are ineffective in suppressing the PSN or nociception induced by NRTIs. Instead, we found that increased dynamics of a peripheral sensory neuron may possibly underlie NRTI-induced PSN and nociception. Our model provides a solid platform in which to investigate further mechanisms of ART-induced PSN and nociceptive hypersensitivity.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Ενισχύοντας τους Γονείς στο Ρόλο τους: Μια πιλοτική ομάδα μητέρων παιδιών σχολικής ηλικίας στην Κοινότητα
Authors: Οικονόμου Μαρίνα , Τσαλιάγκου Ειρήνη , Γερουλάνου Κλειώ , Πέππου Λίλη , Στεφάνης Κωνσταντίνος 
Published: January 2021

Quality of family life is one of the most important factors in the prevention of psychological disorders in children and adolescents. The present study describes and evaluates a pilot intervention, targeting a group of parents of elementary school-aged children. The intervention focused on primary prevention of disorders through promoting mental health and strengthening protective factors for positive family functioning. Sessions took place at the Community Mental Health Center of UMHRI and lasted one school year. The group, which consisted of seven mothers, was conducted bimonthly, and was facilitated by two psychologists. The topics of the 13 sessions were predetermined and were chosen based on the needs of the participating mothers and on the developmental stage of their children. The intervention was evaluated through a mixed methodology approach; quantitatively through the administration of a satisfaction questionnaire at the end of the program, and qualitatively through semi-structured observations conducted during the course of the intervention. The results signify the importance of supporting parents in their role. All mothers reported being very satisfied from the group and feeling more able to respond to the demands of their parental role as well as to the needs of their children.Additionally, the group process signified certain themes that are important to parents, such as the influence of the school and its teachers on their children’s lives. The encouraging results of this pilot study lead to the wider implementation of similar such interventions in the community.
Παραβατικότητα σε αθλητικά πλαίσια: Προβλεπτικοί παράγοντες για αθλητές και φιλάθλους
Authors: Θωμά Μαρία , Ιωάννου Μύρια , Σταυρινίδης Παναγιώτης 
Published: January 2021

A considerable number of delinquent behaviors presented by young people do happen in the context of sport events. The present study aims to (a) examine the impact of the involvement in an athletic team, either as a fan or as an athlete, on delinquent behaviors and (b) investigate team identification as a predictive factor of the involvement in delinquent behaviors. The study followed a cross-sectional design. The participants were 222 participants with a mean age of 23,5 years who completed a self-report questionnaire measuring the extent of involvement in sports and sport events, the levels of general delinquent behaviors outside of sport events and delinquent behaviors in sport events, and the degree of team identification. Based on the regression analyses performed, the present study supports that both athletes and fans were significantly involved in delinquent behaviors happening in the context of sport events. Being identified with your team was a statistically significant predictor of the delinquent behaviors of fans, even for those with low overall delinquency outside of sport events. The findings of the present study have practical implications and the discussion emphasizes on the need to develop suitable, research-informed interventions to reduce delinquent behaviors taking place in sport events.
Growth, production and feed conversion performance of the gurami sago (Osphronemus goramy Lacepède, 1801) strain in different aquaculture systems
Authors: Azrita Azrita , Aryani Netti , Mardiah Ainul , Syandri Hafrijal 
Published: January 2021

Background: Giant gourami ( Osphronemus goramy, Osphronemidae), belonging to gurami sago strain, is an important economic fish species that was newly released for domestication in 2018 in Indonesia. The present study aimed to determine the growth, production and feed conversion efficiency of gurami sago strain in different aquaculture systems. Methods: A mean of 240 juveniles were stocked (initial weight mean, 54.53 g and length 13.88 cm) into concrete ponds, ﬂoating net cages and earthen freshwater ponds (12 m3) with three replicates of each. The juveniles were fed a floating commercial pellet diet containing 30% crude protein and 5% crude lipids. Feed was supplied at 3% of fish biomass per day throughout the 90 days of the experiment. The research was conducted in the area surrounding Lake Maninjau of Indonesia. Results: After 90 days, the mean weight of ﬁsh reared in concrete ponds was 166.86 g, floating net cages was 179.51 g and earthen freshwater ponds was 149.89 g. The mean final biomass was 37.64 kg for concrete ponds, 41.27 kg for floating net cages, and 33.72 kg for earthen freshwater ponds. The specific growth rates (%/day) for concrete ponds, floating net cages and earthen freshwater ponds were 0.67, 0.75 and 0.62, respectively. The feed conversion rates were 1.45 for concrete ponds, 1.30 for floating net cages and 1.87 for earthen freshwater ponds. The net yields (kg mˉ3) were 2.05 for concrete ponds, 2.27 for floating net cages, and 1.73 for earthen freshwater ponds. The exponents (b) of the length–weight relationship were calculated for concrete ponds (1.0146), floating net cages (1.2641), and earthen freshwater ponds (1.0056). Conclusion: The study showed that the growth performance, production and feed conversion efficiency of the gurami sago strain were the best found in floating net cages and considered a new aquaculture system in the future.
Impact of diagnostic accuracy on the estimation of excess mortality from incidence and prevalence: simulation study and application to diabetes in German men
Authors: Brinks Ralph , Tönnies Thaddäus , Hoyer Annika 
Published: January 2021

Aggregated data about the prevalence and incidence of chronic conditions is becoming more and more available. We recently proposed a method to estimate the age-specific excess mortality in chronic conditions from aggregated age-specific prevalence and incidence data. Previous works showed that in age groups below 50 years, estimates from this method were unstable or implausible. In this article, we examine how limited diagnostic accuracy in terms of sensitivity and specificity affects the estimates. We use a simulation study with two settings, a low and a high prevalence setting, and assess the relative importance of sensitivity and specificity. It turns out that in both settings, specificity, especially in the younger age groups, dominates the quality of the estimated excess mortality. The findings are applied to aggregated claims data comprising the diagnoses of diabetes from about 35 million men in the German Statutory Health Insurance. Key finding is that specificity in the lower age groups (<50 years) can be derived without knowing the sensitivity. The false-positive ratio in the claims data increases linearly from 0.5 per mil at age 25 to 2 per mil at age 50. As a conclusion, our findings stress the importance of considering diagnostic accuracy when estimating excess mortality from aggregated data using the method to estimate excess mortality. Especially the specificity in the younger age-groups should be carefully taken into account.
Administracja Apostolska Łemkowszczyzny w świetle dokumentów polskiego Ministerstwa Wyznań Religijnych i Oświecenia Publicznego z lipca 1939 r.
Authors: Zięba Andrzej A. 
Published: January 2021

РезумеАпостольска Адміністрация Лемковщины в документах польского Міністерства Віроісповідань і Публичного Просвіщыня з липця 1939 р.
Зараз пред початком другой світовой войны, в липци і серпни 1939 р., польскій уряд выступил до Апостольской Столиці зо старанями, жебы усунути дотеперішнього адміністратора Апостольской Адміністрациі Лемковщины, о. Якова Медвецкого і покликати нового. Кандидатом на тото становиско был римокатолицкій священник з могылівской архієпархіі, ксьондз Антоні Около-Кулак. В статі аналізуваны сут обставины тых старань, одношыня до них двох ватиканьскых достойників (кард. Ежена Тіссерана і ґенерала єзуітів Влодзімєжа Ледуховского) а тіж представлены сут силуеты самого кандидата і ініциятора акциі, Генрика Дунін-Борковского, директора Департаменту Віроісповідань і Публичного Просвіщыня.
The Potential for Effective Training of Logging Truck Drivers
Authors: Smidt Mathew F. , Mitchell Dana , Logan Kristi K. 
Published: January 2021

HighlightsCommercial truck drivers are a significant component of the logging workforce, and driver qualifications are an important component of managing risk.Some error types important in crash causation involve cognitive factors, which are effectively addressed by lecture or on-line training.There is evidence for the effectiveness of lecture-type driver training as an intervention for managing fatigue, situational awareness, and driving behavior.Adoption of trained behavior is supported by individual factors, a company safety culture, and supervisor feedback.Abstract. The logging industry relies on owner-operators and employed commercial drivers, who comprise up to 40% of logging employment, to transport products from the forest to the mill gate. Truck drivers are exposed to many of the same risks as logging workers as well as additional risks from vehicle crashes. Vehicle crash risks contribute to risk of personal injury and liability related to public safety, which are critical reasons for enhancing driver qualifications. Driver qualifications can be influenced by hiring better drivers and improving drivers’ skills through training even after they have received their commercial driver’s license. To explore the effectiveness of driver training in the logging industry, we reviewed studies of commercial driver training assessment and training interventions that included lectures (on-line or in-person) as a main component. Decision errors and violations are important in crash causation and involve cognitive skills, which are addressed by this type of training. Additionally, lecture training is more accessible than behind-the-wheel or simulator training for logging operations that employ just a few drivers. In their efforts to improve driver qualifications, large commercial carriers often provide driver training, reinforce the training through monitoring, and rely heavily on driver selection. The literature supports the effectiveness of training related to cognitive factors, including fatigue management, behavior, and situational awareness. Successful lecture training interventions are accompanied by individual feedback or coaching. Training that produces measurable outcomes (behavior or crash risk) is supported by a suite of factors involving the trainee, the training, and the company or supervisor. Keywords: Commercial vehicles, Logging, Training, Trucking.