bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning in systematic reviews: Comparing automated text clustering with Lingo3G and human researcher categorization in a rapid review
Authors: Muller Ashley Elizabeth , Ames Heather Melanie R. , Jardim Patricia Sofia Jacobsen , Rose Christopher James 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSystematic reviews are resource‐intensive. The machine learning tools being developed mostly focus on the study identification process, but tools to assist in analysis and categorization are also needed. One possibility is to use unsupervised automatic text clustering, in which each study is automatically assigned to one or more meaningful clusters. Our main aim was to assess the usefulness of an automated clustering method, Lingo3G, in categorizing studies in a simplified rapid review, then compare performance (precision and recall) of this method compared to manual categorization. We randomly assigned all 128 studies in a review to be coded by a human researcher blinded to cluster assignment (mimicking two independent researchers) or by a human researcher non‐blinded to cluster assignment (mimicking one researcher checking another's work). We compared time use, precision and recall of manual categorization versus automated clustering. Automated clustering and manual categorization organized studies by population and intervention/context. Automated clustering failed to identify two manually identified categories but identified one additional category not identified by the human researcher. We estimate that automated clustering has similar precision to both blinded and non‐blinded researchers (e.g., 88% vs. 89%), but higher recall (e.g., 89% vs. 84%). Manual categorization required 49% more time than automated clustering. Using a specific clustering algorithm, automated clustering can be helpful with categorization of and identifying patterns across studies in simpler systematic reviews. We found that the clustering was sensitive enough to group studies according to linguistic differences that often corresponded to the manual categories.
Dupilumab Adverse Events in Nasal Polyp Treatment: Analysis of FDA Adverse Event Reporting System
Authors: Swisher Austin R. , Kshirsagar Rijul S. , Adappa Nithin D. , Liang Jonathan 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesDupilumab was the first biologic approved to treat chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). While the risk of adverse events in phase‐III clinical trials was low, dupilumab‐associated adverse reactions (DAR) with real‐world use is unknown and potentially under‐reported. We aimed to evaluate DAR for CRSwNP treatment (CRSwNP‐tx) using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).Study DesignRetrospective database study.MethodsFAERS was queried for DAR from 2019Q1 to 2021Q2. Individual DAR (iDAR) were categorized and quantitatively compared between treatment groups (CRSwNP, asthma, atopic dermatitis). Zero‐truncated Poisson regression was modeled to predict the number of iDAR, and logistic regression was modeled to predict serious DARs.ResultsThere were 15,411 DAR observations; 911 for CRSwNP‐tx, of which 121 (13.3%) had serious reactions and 3 died. Common CRSwNP‐tx iDAR were dermatologic (13.9%), generalized (13.3%), and injection‐site (10.8%) symptoms. The number of CRSwNP‐tx iDAR was 2.99 [2.81, 3.17], compared to 3.44 [3.32, 3.56] for asthma and 3.18 [3.13, 3.24] for atopic dermatitis (Kruskal‐Wallis test, P < .001). For CRSwNP‐tx, iDAR reported‐risk‐ratio was 0.84 [0.77, 0.92] among men and 1.12 [1.04, 1.22] among older adults (>50). Serious DAR reported‐odds‐ratio was 1.37 [0.91, 2.04] among men and 1.39 [0.93, 2.08] among older adults.ConclusionsWhile there are limitations with FAERS, this analysis suggests CRSwNP‐tx is associated with fewer iDAR compared with other treatment indications. More iDAR are experienced among women and older adults, but men tend to have more serious DAR.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:2307–2313, 2022
European Union farming systems: Insights for a more sustainable land use
Authors: Martinho Vítor João Pereira Domingues 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe diversity of agricultural systems in European Union (EU) regions and countries is vast and vulnerable to the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reforms. The CAP instruments have suffered several significant changes over the last decades to take into account the new contexts from the various EU enlargements and problems caused by former measures. This dynamic evolution of the farming system calls for updated assessment to better understand the respective policy impacts and to support the design of new and adjusted instruments. In this context, with this research, the intention is to highlight the most recent characteristics of the EU farming system and to assess the respective impacts from CAP measures. To achieve these aims, we considered statistical information from the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) which was exploited through linear programming models. The main findings reveal that EU subsidies have no implication on the structure of EU farming systems. In other words, the most profitable farming systems are the same whether they were provided with the CAP financial support or not, namely those from the 1st Pillar. On the other hand, the CAP rules condition the farmers' options, sometimes towards adopting a more subsidised production, but with lower margins. These frameworks would not be problematic, if the farming systems were more socially and environmentally sustainable, but this is not always the case. In a future scenario of a farming sector which more regulated by the market and less so by the CAP instruments, the environmental impacts will be more short‐term than medium‐ or long‐term, where the main problem will be with energy consumption.
Scarcity in COVID‐19 vaccine supplies reduces perceived vaccination priority and increases vaccine hesitancy
Authors: Pereira Beatriz , Fehl Amy Greiner , Finkelstein Stacey R. , Jiga‐Boy Gabriela M. , Caserotti Marta 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn two experimental studies, we tested the effect of COVID‐19 vaccine scarcity on vaccine hesitancy. Based on extensive scarcity literature, we initially predicted that high (vs. low) scarcity would increase demand for vaccines, operationalized as one's willingness to receive a vaccine. Contrary to this prediction, Study 1 showed that scarcity of vaccines reduced participants’ sense of priority which, in turn, also reduced their vaccination intentions. Trust in doctors moderated the effect of perceived vaccination priority on vaccination intentions such that for individuals with high trust in doctors, reduced perceived priority did not reduce their vaccination intentions as much. Study 2 replicated these effects with a more general population sample, which included at‐risk individuals for COVID‐19 complications. At‐risk participants (vs. low‐risk) had higher perceived vaccination priority, but describing vaccine doses as scarce reduced vaccination intentions similarly across both groups. Moreover, Study 2 demonstrated that compassion for others is a boundary condition of the effect of vaccine scarcity on vaccination intentions. For participants with high compassion, scarcity reduces willingness to receive a vaccine; for participants with low compassion, scarcity increases their willingness to be vaccinated. Our results suggest that health policymakers need to deemphasize the scarcity of vaccines to increase vaccine acceptance.
Novel solution framework for inverse problem considering interval uncertainty
Authors: Tang Jiachang , Mi Chengji , Fu Chunming , Yao Qishui 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article proposes a novel solution framework for the inverse problem considering interval uncertainty in structural or systemic responses, which provides an efficient tool for the uncertain inverse problems of nonlinear structures or systems. Interval is used to model and characterize the uncertainty, and the bounds of uncertain structural responses are only required. In each iterative step, the approximate deterministic inverse problem is constructed according to the interval analysis results, and then the identified intervals of inputs are updated by solving the approximate deterministic inverse problem. Therefore, the interval inverse problem is decoupled into a series of interval analyses and deterministic inverse problems that are alternately solved, which dramatically promotes the computational efficiency of the interval inverse problem. Besides, an iterative mechanism is proposed to ensure the convergence of the whole procedure. Finally, two numerical examples and an engineering application are investigated to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
Characterization of interwoven roselle/sisal fiber reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Kazi Atik Mubarak , D. V. A. Ramasastry , Waddar Sunil 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe present work deals with the characterization of interwoven roselle/sisal fiber fabric reinforced epoxy composites. All the composites are manufactured using the hand layup technique, and the physical (density), mechanical (tensile, flexural, and impact) and dynamic mechanical characteristics are determined as per ASTM standards. The findings reveal that roselle fabric composite has superior mechanical properties than interwoven roselle/sisal fabric composites. The tensile and impact strengths of the sisal fabric composite are lower than those of the roselle fabric composite. However, the roselle fabric composite and sisal fabric composite have similar flexural properties. The sisal fabric composite yields the highest peak value of the loss factor. The loss factor peak height for the roselle/sisal fabric composites increases with increased sisal fiber content. Morphological analysis revealed proof of yarn pullout and matrix damage near the yarn, indicating inadequate stress transfer between the fabric and epoxy. The property map is presented in comparison with available literature.
Assessing interference in isobaric tag‐based sample multiplexing using an 18‐plex interference standard
Authors: Navarrete‐Perea Jose , Liu Xinyue , Rad Ramin , Gygi Jeremy P. , Gygi Steven P. , Paulo Joao A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractReporter ion interference remains a limitation of isobaric tag‐based sample multiplexing. Advances in instrumentation and data acquisition modes, such as the recently developed real‐time database search (RTS), can reduce interference. However, interference persists as does the need to benchmark upstream sample preparation and data acquisition strategies. Here, we present an updated Triple yeast KnockOut (TKO) standard as well as corresponding upgrades to the TKO viewing tool (TVT2.5, http://tko.hms.harvard.edu/). Specifically, we expand the TKO standard to incorporate the TMTpro18‐plex reagents (TKO18). We also construct a variant thereof which has been digested only with LysC (TKO18L). We compare proteome coverage and interference levels of TKO18 and TKO18L data that are acquired under different data acquisition modes and analyzed using TVT2.5. Our data illustrate that RTS reduces interference while improving proteome coverage and suggest that digesting with LysC alone only modestly reduces interference, albeit at the expense of proteome depth. Collectively, the two new TKO standards coupled with the updated TVT represent a convenient and versatile platform for assessing and developing methods to reduce interference in isobaric tag‐based experiments.
Metopimazine is primarily metabolized by a liver amidase in humans
Authors: Busby Robert W. , Cai Xiaokun , Yang Sihyung , Ramos Luis , Venkatarangan Lata , Shen Helen , Wax Stephen , Sadeque Abu J. M. , De Colle Cyril 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMetopimazine (MPZ) is a peripherally restricted, dopamine D2 receptor antagonist used for four decades to treat acute nausea and vomiting. MPZ is currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of gastroparesis (GP). MPZ undergoes high first‐pass metabolism that produces metopimazine acid (MPZA), the major circulating metabolite in humans. Despite a long history of use, the enzymes involved in the metabolism of MPZ have not been identified. Here we report a series of studies designed to identify potential MPZ metabolites in vitro, determine their clinical relevance in humans, and elucidate the enzymes responsible for their formation. The findings demonstrated that the formation of MPZA was primarily catalyzed by human liver microsomal amidase. Additionally, human liver cytosolic aldehyde oxidase (AO) catalyzes the formation of MPZA, in vitro, although to a much lesser extent. Neither cytochrome P450 enzymes nor flavin‐monooxygenases (FMO) were involved in the formation MPZA, although two minor oxidative pathways were catalyzed by CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 in vitro. Analysis of plasma samples from subjects dosed 60 mg of MPZ verified that these oxidative pathways are very minor and that CYP enzyme involvement was negligible compared to microsomal amidase/hydrolase in overall MPZ metabolism in humans. The metabolism by liver amidase, an enzyme family not well defined in small molecule drug metabolism, with minimal metabolism by CYPs, differentiates this drug from current D2 antagonists used or in development for the treatment of GP.
Characterization of a Triple Quantum Dot via an On‐chip Microwave Resonator
Authors: Gu Si‐Si , Wang Bao‐Chuan , Chen Ming‐Bo , Lin Ting , Kang Yuan , Li Hai‐Ou , Cao Gang , Guo Guo‐Ping 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe hybrid circuit quantum electrodynamics architecture integrated quantum dots with a microwave resonator results in the creation of a controllable artificial system and enriches its physics through electron–photon interaction. In this study, a hybrid device is investigated, wherein a triple quantum dot (TQD) is dipole coupled with electric field of a superconducting quantum interference device array resonator. The quantum cellular automata (QCA) process of TQD, related to charge reconfiguration as a result of Coulomb interaction between each dot, is observed by probing reflectance of the resonator. The suppressed cavity reflectance signal of the QCA process may experimentally provide the evidence for the different measurement mechanism of the cavity from external electrometers like quantum point contact. Furthermore, on careful tuning of multiple energy level differences of the TQD to match the cavity photon frequency, four tunneling processes assisted by the absorption of the cavity photons occur simultaneously, contributing to “photon‐assisted” quadruple point. Consequently, these two specific phenomena are found to be closely dependent on the relationship between the various Coulomb energy in TQD and the cavity photon energy. The results are consistent with the theoretical model presented and imply that this hybrid system has the potential for investigating exotic many‐body effects and matter–light interaction.
The performance analysis of NOMA in LEO satellite rain attenuation and fading hybrid channel
Authors: Ning Qian , Yang Xinjing , Chen Bingcai , Zhou Xinzhi 
Published: December 2021

SummaryIn the fifth‐generation (5G) and future sixth‐generation (6G) networks, improving spectral efficiency and system capacity is still the main concern. Adding LEO satellite to the construction of 5G and 6G can make the network structure three‐dimensional, which lets the network construction get rid of the limitation of ground space propagation distance and makes the wider area enjoy the convenience of 5G and 6G. However, due to the large link distance between space and the ground, the communication of LEO satellite in Ka band is greatly affected by rain attenuation and shadow fading. In order to improve the ergodic capacity of LEO satellite downlink, this paper attempts to apply nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) to hybrid channels with rainfall fading and shadow fading. In the simulation results, the ergodic capacity of orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and NOMA is compared, and it is found that the system capacity of hybrid channel can be improved by increasing the power allocation factor of NOMA. The experiments have studied the influence of LEO satellite's orbital height, fading degree, and transmission power in the communication link on the performance of LEO satellite system in this paper. The experimental results show that the lower the orbit height is, the better system performance will become under the same fading degree. Moreover, the energy consumed gradually decreases with the transmission power becoming small.
Recent Advances in the Functionalization of Azulene Through Pd‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Elwahy Ahmed H. M. , Abdelhamid Ismail A. , Shaaban Mohamed R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAzulene derivatives have important physical and physicochemical features, as well as advantageous biological qualities. The metal‐catalyzed processes have proven to be a highly practical method for azulene functionalization. The development in the synthesis of azulene derivatives, including (aryl)heteroaryl‐substituted and hetero‐fused azulene derivatives, through Pd‐catalyzed coupling techniques over the previous two decades is discussed in this research. Alkyl‐, alkenyl‐, and alkynylazulenes synthesized via Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling processes are also included.
Theoretical Predictions, Experimental Modulation Strategies, and Applications of MXene‐Supported Atomically Dispersed Metal Sites
Authors: Gu Hongfei , Li Xinyuan , Zhang Jiatao , Chen Wenxing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAtomically dispersed metal sites (ADMSs) attract immense attention because they can be used in the fields of energy and environmental protection as they are characterized by high atomic utilization efficiency and exhibit high activity. Various supports for anchoring isolated metal atoms are developed to construct ADMSs characterized by highly stable and well‐defined structures. This can be achieved by increasing the number of anchoring sites and reinforcing metal–support interactions. MXenes, a new series of 2D nanomaterials, exhibit promising potential in stabilizing isolated metal atoms because of their large specific surface areas and unique surface properties. The high conductivity and hydrophilicity of MXenes can be attributed to the nature of surface functionalization and the properties of tunable structures of the materials. Benefiting from these excellent properties, MXenes can find their applications in various fields. Herein, the precise characterization methods that can be followed to study ADMSs, the construction of MXene‐supported ADMSs using theoretical predictions, and experimental modulation strategies are summarized, and their corresponding applications in electrocatalysis, organocatalysis, and advanced battery systems are systematically illustrated. It is hoped that this review will provide insights that can be used for the further development of MXene‐supported ADMSs.
Metallic Copper‐Containing Composite Photocatalysts: Fundamental, Materials Design, and Photoredox Applications
Authors: Zhu Xueteng , Xiong Jinyan , Wang Zhiyuan , Chen Rong , Cheng Gang , Wu Yuen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSemiconductor photocatalysis has long been regarded as a potential solution to tackle the energy and environmental challenges since the first discovery of water splitting by TiO2 almost 50 years ago. The past few years have seen a tremendous flurry of research interest in the modification of semiconductors because of their shortcomings in the aspects of solar harvesting, electron‐hole pairs separation, and utilization of photogenerated carriers. Among the various strategies, the introduction of metallic copper into the photocatalysis system can not only enhance the absorption of sunlight and the separation efficiency of photogenerated electrons and holes, but also increase the adsorption ability of substrate and the number of active sites, so as to realize the high solar to chemical energy conversion efficiency. This review focuses on the rational design of copper‐based composites and their applications in photoredox catalysis. First, the preparation methods of metallic copper‐containing composites are discussed. Then, the applications of different types of copper‐based composites in the photocatalytic removal of pollutants, splitting of water to hydrogen production, reduction of carbon dioxide, and conversion of organic matter are introduced. Finally, the opportunities and challenges in the design and synthesis of copper‐based composites and their applications in the photocatalysis are prospected.
The logic of semiotics applied to mathematical and social interaction in operational research consulting practice: Towards a foundational view
Authors: Ormerod Richard John 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe paper investigates semiotics as an integrative, foundational framework for operational research (OR). To this end, the semiotics of the pragmatist C.S. Peirce is explained and its application in OR research, and consulting practice is explored. It is the fourth in a series of papers each seeking to ground OR in a different logic: philosophic/mathematical logic, pragmatic logic, economic logic and now semiotic logic. For Peirce, semiotics is a logic, and as such it is argued in the paper that it can embrace philosophical/mathematical, pragmatic and economic logics. The comprehensive nature of semiotics is such that it brings to a close the research programme aimed at establishing foundations for OR. However, the closure of one programme opens up another—the application of semiotics in OR practice and academic research. Possible avenues for further research include learning from, and collaboration with, neighbouring disciplines such as information systems and computer science.
Effects of the higher concentrate ratio on the production performance, ruminal fermentation, and morphological structure in male cattle‐yaks
Authors: Jiang Yahui , Dai Peng , Dai Qindan , Ma Jian , Wang Zhisheng , Hu Rui , Zou Huawei , Peng Quanhui , Wang Lizhi , Xue Bai 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe present study evaluated the effects of the different concentrate‐to‐forage ratio on the parameters of production, ruminal fermentation, blood biochemical indices, and ruminal epithelial morphological structure of the male cattle‐yaks.MethodsEight male cattle‐yaks (280 ± 10 kg of body weight) were randomly divided into the high concentrate (HighC, 70% concentrate feeds on a dry matter basis) and low concentrate (LowC, 50% concentrate feeds on a dry matter basis) groups. All the animals were regularly provided rations twice a day at 08:00 and 16:00 h and had free access to water. The experiment lasted for 37 days.ResultsThe dry matter intake and average daily gain of the HighC group were higher (p < 0.05) than those of LowC group. Moreover, a high concentrate diet was found to significantly increase (p < 0.05) the total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) production, and the ratio of propionate and butyrate in TVFA. On the contrary, the ruminal pH, the ratio of isobutyrate and isovalerate, and the acetate‐to‐propionate were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) after high concentrate feeding. The lipopolysaccharide concentrations of the ruminal fluid and plasma in the HighC group were higher (p < 0.05) than those of the LowC group. The results of the ruminal histomorphology showed the rumen to possess an inflammatory reaction.ConclusionThese findings revealed that upon higher dry matter intake and average daily gain, high concentrate feeding altered the rumen fermentation and morphology, inducing the ruminal inflammation of the cattle‐yak.