bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced toughness and lowered dielectric loss of reactive POSS modified bismaleimide resin as well as the silica fiber reinforced composites
Authors: Zhang Zongwu , Tian Dan , Niu Zhaoqi , Zhou Yijie , Hou Xiao , Ma Xiaoyan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInherent brittleness is the most weakness of bismaleimide resin, which adversely affects the performance and application of the terminal fiber reinforced bismaleimide composites. In this study, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) with glycidyl group (G‐POSS) and methacryloxy propyl group (MA‐POSS) are utilized to toughen diallyl bisphenol‐A/N, N′‐4,4′‐diphenylmethane bismaleimide (BD resin) to obtain hybrid resins named BDGP and BDMP. The results of hybrid resins show that the two series hybrid resins perform higher toughness, strength, water resistance as well as lower dielectric constant and loss comparing with pristine BD resin, and BDMP perform better than BDGP due to that MA‐POSS can react with BD resin while G‐POSS cannot. In specific, the BDMP3 in which 3 wt% MA‐POSS is added performs the highest impact strength of 19.0 KJ/m2, increased by 102.1% comparing with pristine BD resin, and it also performs the lowest dielectric constant of 3.04 as well as lowest dielectric loss of 0.006 at 1 MHz. In addition, the silica fiber reinforced BDMP composites (SF/BDMP) are fabricated, and the results show that the bending strength and interlaminar shear strength of SF/BDMP3 composite are enhanced to 290.2 and 32.5 MPa, 32.0% and 38.4% higher than those of SF/BD composite, and the corresponding dielectric loss (0.025) at 8.2 GHz is reduced by 45.9%. This research displays that reactive POSS can improve the toughness and reduce the dielectric loss of resin, which is benefit to obtain a high performance and functional resin‐based composites with excellent mechanical properties and low dielectric properties.
Olive fiber reinforced epoxy composites: Dimensional Stability, and mechanical properties
Authors: Sarmin Siti Noorbaini , Jawaid Mohammad , Awad Sameer A. , Saba Naheed , Fouad Hassan , Alothman Othman Y. , Sain Mohini 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe processing of olive (Olea europaea L.) oil results in large quantities of solid waste consisting primarily of tree pruning remainders from olive trees growing. This has led to the idea of utilizing the leftovers into a value‐added product; natural composite materials are utilized as alternatives to environmentally damaging synthetic materials. This study deals with the evaluation of the filling properties of the residue; olive tree small branch (OTS), olive tree big brunch (OTB) and olive tree leaves powder, for epoxy matrix biocomposite. Olive powder reinforced epoxy composite was processed at 40% filler loading. In this paper, the various forms of impacts of filler within epoxy on the physical and mechanical of epoxy composites were scrutinized by tensile, flexural, impact, thickness swelling, and water absorption tests. From the observation, it was discovered that the tensile and flexural strength of epoxy composite reinforced with OTS and OTB increased by about 27% and 47%, respectively. The impact strength values of OTS and OTB epoxy composites were 8.61, 7.88, and 5.97 J/m, respectively, while the virgin epoxy increased up to 16 J/m. The microstructure of the composites is also analyzed using scanning electron microscopy to analyze interfacial bonding.
Improvement in the thermal and mechanical properties of PP/Clay nanocomposite using novel ethoxylated oxidized PE wax as a compatibilizer
Authors: Karimi Mohammad Hadi , Mortazavi Seyed Mohammad Mahdi , Ahmadjo Saeid , Azizi Hamed , Rostami‐Darounkola Mohammad Reza 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn ethoxylated polyethylene wax (E‐OPEW) was synthesized by PEGylation reaction between methoxy polyethylene glycol and oxidized PE wax. Clay nanoparticles were modified with different ratios of E‐OPEW and then compounded with PP by the melt mixing process. E‐OPEW and PP showed excellent compatibility, but at high percentages of wax (15%), incompatibility occurred between the two phases. In addition, the presence of modified clays in the PP matrix decreased the crystallinity percentage, though it did not change the melting temperature significantly. The results showed that functionalized wax is able to penetrate between clay platelets and increase the distance between them and improve their dispersion in the polymer matrix. Furthermore, it was observed that the distance between clay platelets increased by increasing E‐OPEW content. In addition, this result led to a significant improvement in the barrier properties of clay platelets and the thermal stability of the modified nanocomposite compared to other cases. Despite the improved dispersion of nanoparticles, the mechanical strength of nanocomposites decreased at a high percentage of E‐OPEW.
A new approach of microwave treatment to augment the mechanical properties of polymeric materials
Authors: Chopra Swamini , Pande Kavita , Tupe Pritamkumar S. , Zine Kanchan , Rathod Kartik , Deshmukh Abhay , Peshwe Dilip R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe present study portrays a novel post‐processing treatment by using microwave radiations for enhancing mechanical properties of five commonly used engineering polymers, polyamide (PA), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC), and acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS). The analysis revealed that the crystal structures of the polymers improved after the treatment due to more favorable rearrangement of crystalline segments within the polymers. Furthermore, tensile properties and tribological performance of microwave‐treated polymers were found to be significantly better when compared to those of untreated counterparts. The tensile strength, elongation, and wear performance of PA increased by 51%, 286%, and 45%, respectively, only after a treatment of 20 s. A similar response was also exhibited by other polymers as well. It was noted that optimum time for microwave treatment can vary depending on different crystalline nature of the polymers. The degree of randomness in the molecular chains of semicrystalline polymers is less; thus, it requires less treatment time. However, for amorphous polymers, as randomness increases, more time is needed. As such, post‐processing microwave treatment of polymers has proven beneficial as a cost‐effective, time‐saving, and environment‐friendly technique for enhancing material properties significantly.
The course on norm‐referenced academic assessment: A survey of special education faculty
Authors: Lockwood Adam B. , Farmer Ryan L. , Schmitt Margaret , Sealander Karen , Lanterman Christopher , Adkins Megan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSpecial education teachers play a key role in educational assessment practices, including frequently administering norm‐referenced tests of academic achievement. This study examined the course on norm‐referenced assessment provided in special education training programs. Data regarding course (a) structure; (b) assignments; (c) test administration requirements; and (d) content were collected from one hundred forty‐two special education instructors. Results suggest that norm‐referenced assessment is not heavily emphasized in special education programs and that the practical application of assessment skills is limited. Additionally, instructors appear to experience a shortage of support and materials compared to other assessment trainers, such as school psychologists. Implications for future research, practice and training are discussed.
Sustainability performance of polyethylene terephthalate, clarifying challenges and opportunities
Authors: Sarda Parikshit , Hanan Jay C. , Lawrence Joseph G. , Allahkarami Masoud 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPublications on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) continue to increase including the number of publications on recycling. PET is a versatile material with the ability to be remade from its polymer state through mechanical recycling and even back to its original monomer through advanced recycling. The scale of PET's use affords continued research and applications in improved recycling. Publications on new uses of discarded PET and the ability to clean and convert it into many forms including alternative materials are expanding with an attempt to complete circular use or improve the end of life. As indicated in life cycle assessment studies, increases in recycling lower the energy required to manufacture products. The future for PET will reduce energy demands further with the largest breakthroughs in recycling technologies and bio‐sourced resins trending toward zero energy and carbon negative solutions. Opportunities remain for improvement in the use of PET with light weighting. The testing of new resins, development of bio‐feedstocks, improvements in engineering, processing, recycling, and design continue to provide benefits. This review provides context for these developments.
Severe respiratory viral infections in children with history of asymptomatic or mild COVID‐19
Authors: Rai Nooralam , Cornett Joseph A , Zachariah Philip , Quittell Lynne , Lovinsky‐Desir Stephanie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractImportanceThe spectrum of complications of COVID‐19 in children, including the effect of COVID‐19 on later viral infection, is not known.ObjectiveTo examine the features of children hospitalized for respiratory illness with history of prior COVID‐19.DesignRetrospective observational case series at a single pediatric quaternary medical center in New York City. Data were obtained from review of medical records.ParticipantsChildren with prior mild or asymptomatic COVID‐19 and no known risk factors for severe respiratory disease, who were hospitalized at our center for acute respiratory illness from October 2020 to May 2021, were reviewed.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCo‐morbidities, history of prior COVID‐19 symptoms, respiratory viral panel findings, acuity of illness, degree of respiratory decompensation based on support and interventions required, duration of hospitalization, and overall clinical course were assessed from the medical record.ResultsThis study included 5 patients (median age, 4 years; age range: 0.8–9 years; 4 [80%] male). All had positive COVID‐19 serology, 1 (20%) had mild symptoms, while the others had no symptoms of prior Sars‐CoV‐2 infection, 3 (60%) had asthma, and the remaining had no co‐morbidities. All were admitted between April and May 2021. Two were re‐admitted for respiratory symptoms in the subsequent 3 months.Conclusions and RelevanceThis case series describes a possible association between severe lower respiratory tract infection and prior mild COVID‐19 in children. Larger cohort studies describing the respiratory effects of prior COVID‐19 in children are needed.
Measuring peripherality extent in chemical graphs via graph operations
Authors: Azari Mahdieh , Dehgardi Nasrin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Mostar index is a recently‐introduced molecular structure descriptor used for measuring the peripherality and distance‐non‐balancedness extent in molecular graphs. In this paper, we present exact formulae or sharp upper bounds on the Mostar index of some families of graph operations. Using the obtained results, the peripherality extent of some chemical graphs and nanostructures are measured and a number of results related to the Mostar index of graph operations reported in (Int.J.Quantum.Chem.2021,121(15), e26674) and (TWMS J.App.and Eng.Math.2021,11(2), 587) are improved or generalized.
An overlapping peaks separation algorithm for ion mobility spectrometry based on second‐order differentiation and dynamic inertia weight particle swarm optimization algorithm
Authors: Gao Ren , Li Junhui , Gao Wenqing , Li Lei , Wang Xinkai , Wu Bing , Wu Yong , Yu Jiancheng 
Published: November 2021

RationaleIon mobility spectrometry (IMS) is a powerful analytical tool extensively applied in numerous domains. However, there still exists the phenomenon of peaks overlapping in the analysis of isomers with similar structures due to the limited resolution of IMS. In this paper, a dynamic inertia weight particle swarm optimization (DIWPSO) algorithm combined with second‐order differentiation is proposed to separate the IMS overlapping peaks efficiently and precisely.MethodsIt can identify the component number of overlapping peaks and limit those parameters (ion mobility, intensity, and full‐width at half maximum of each single peak) of the peak model in a small range using second‐order differentiation. Based on this, DIWPSO that has been set the best operating parameters is capable of accurately separating IMS overlapping peaks to identify the compound within a short time.ResultsA comparison between the performance of DIWPSO and the improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) found that DIWPSO with separation errors less than 2.34% overall outperforms IPSO whose maximum error is up to 5.58%. Moreover, the running time of DIWPSO is 30–80 times less than that of IPSO, and DIWPSO exhibits stronger robustness.ConclusionsThis method can automatically identify the component number of IMS overlapping peaks and resolve them with muticomponents and different overlapped degrees rapidly and accurately, which further improves the structural resolution of IMS.
Distributed robust tracking control for multiple Euler–Lagrange systems with full‐state constraints and input saturation using an event‐triggered scheme
Authors: Liu Haitao , Du Guangshuo , Tian Xuehong , Zou Lanping 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this article, distributed tracking control is studied for multiple Euler–Lagrange systems in the presence of external disturbances and input saturation. Specifically, full‐state constraints, input saturation, communication delays, and unmeasured velocities are all considered simultaneously. First, a novel event‐triggered scheme is developed to save the communication source and reduce computational load. Second, the anti‐saturation compensation algorithm is exploited to compensate for system saturation. Third, an adaptive law is designed to offset external disturbances. Moreover, a high‐gain observer is employed to estimate unmeasured velocities. Theorem analysis shows the stability of the closed‐loop system, and numerical simulations are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Engineered Magnetic Nanocomposites to Modulate Cellular Function
Authors: Filippi Miriam , Garello Francesca , Yasa Oncay , Kasamkattil Jesil , Scherberich Arnaud , Katzschmann Robert K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMagnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have various applications in biomedicine, including imaging, drug delivery and release, genetic modification, cell guidance, and patterning. By combining MNPs with polymers, magnetic nanocomposites (MNCs) with diverse morphologies (core–shell particles, matrix‐dispersed particles, microspheres, etc.) can be generated. These MNCs retain the ability of MNPs to be controlled remotely using external magnetic fields. While the effects of these biomaterials on the cell biology are still poorly understood, such information can help the biophysical modulation of various cellular functions, including proliferation, adhesion, and differentiation. After recalling the basic properties of MNPs and polymers, and describing their coassembly into nanocomposites, this review focuses on how polymeric MNCs can be used in several ways to affect cell behavior. A special emphasis is given to 3D cell culture models and transplantable grafts, which are used for regenerative medicine, underlining the impact of MNCs in regulating stem cell differentiation and engineering living tissues. Recent advances in the use of MNCs for tissue regeneration are critically discussed, particularly with regard to their prospective involvement in human therapy and in the construction of advanced functional materials such as magnetically operated biomedical robots.
Silver Peroxide Nanoparticles for Combined Antibacterial Sonodynamic and Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Bi Xuelong , Bai Qiang , Liang Manman , Yang Dongqin , Li Siheng , Wang Lina , Liu Jing , Yu William W. , Sui Ning , Zhu Zhiling 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMetal peroxide nanoparticles designed to elevate the oxidative stress are considered a promising nanotherapeutics in biomedical applications, including chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and bacterial disinfection. However, their lack of specificity towards the therapeutic target can cause toxic side effects to healthy tissues. Here, silver peroxide nanoparticles (Ag2O2 NPs) capable of controlled reactive oxygen species (ROS) release are synthesized. The release of bactericidal Ag+ ions and ROS is strictly regulated by external stimuli of ultrasound (US) and near‐infrared (NIR) light. In vitro and in vivo investigations show that the Ag2O2 NPs present enhanced antibacterial and antibiofilm capabilities with a killing efficiency >99.9999% in 10 min, significantly accelerate multi‐drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus infected skin wound closure with excellent cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility. This work not only provides the first paradigm for fabricating silver peroxide nanoparticle but also introduces a highly efficient noninvasive and safe therapeutic modality for combating bacterial infectious diseases.
In Situ/Operando Insights into the Stability and Degradation Mechanisms of Heterogeneous Electrocatalysts
Authors: Liu Lindong , Li Wanting , He Xianbo , Yang Jiao , Liu Nian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe further commercialization of renewable energy conversion and storage technologies requires heterogeneous electrocatalysts that meet the exacting durability target. Studies of the stability and degradation mechanisms of electrocatalysts are expected to provide important breakthroughs in stability issues. Accessible in situ/operando techniques performed under realistic reaction conditions are therefore urgently needed to reveal the nature of active center structures and establish links between the structural motifs in a catalyst and its stability properties. This review highlights recent research advances regarding in situ/operando techniques and improves the understanding of the stabilities of advanced heterogeneous electrocatalysts used in a diverse range of electrochemical reactions; it also proposes some degradation mechanisms. The review concludes by offering suggestions for future research.
Epitaxial Growth of 2D Ultrathin Metastable γ‐Bi2O3 Flakes for High Performance Ultraviolet Photodetection
Authors: Wu Jie , Wang Fakun , Li Haobo , Yang Sijie , Li Pengyu , Zhao Yinghe , Li Yuan , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUltraviolet detection is of great significance due to its wide applications in the missile tracking, flame detecting, pollution monitoring, and so on. The nonlayered semiconductor γ‐Bi2O3 is a promising candidate toward high‐performance UV detection due to the wide bandgap, excellent light sensitivity, environmental stability, nontoxic and elemental abundance properties. However, controllable preparation of ultrathin 2D γ‐Bi2O3 flakes remains a challenge, owing to its nonlayered structure, metastable nature, and other competing phases. Moreover, the UV photodetectors based on 2D γ‐Bi2O3 flake have not been implemented yet. Here, ultrathin (down to 4.8 nm) 2D γ‐Bi2O3 flakes with high crystal quality are obtained via a van der Waals epitaxy method. The as‐synthesized single‐crystalline γ‐Bi2O3 flakes show a body‐centered cubic structure and grown along (111) lattice plane as revealed by experimental observations. More importantly, photodetectors based on the as‐synthesized 2D γ‐Bi2O3 flakes exhibit promising UV detection ability, including a responsivity of 64.5 A W−1, a detectivity of 1.3 × 1013 Jones, and an ultrafast response speed (τrise ≈ 290 µs and τdecay ≈ 870 µs) at 365 nm, suggesting its great potential for various optoelectronic applications.
High‐Entropy Alloys for Electrocatalysis: Design, Characterization, and Applications
Authors: Zhang Yiqiong , Wang Dongdong , Wang Shuangyin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHigh‐entropy alloys (HEAs) are expected to function well as electrocatalytic materials, owing to their widely adjustable composition and unique physical and chemical properties. Recently, HEA catalysts are extensively studied in the field of electrocatalysis; this motivated the authors to investigate the relationship between the structure and composition of HEAs and their electrocatalytic performance. In this review, the latest advances in HEA electrocatalysts are systematically summarized, with special focus on nitrogen fixation, the carbon cycle, water splitting, and fuel cells; in addition, by combining this with the characterization and analysis of HEA microstructures, rational design strategies for optimizing HEA electrocatalysts, including controllable preparation, component regulation, strain engineering, defect engineering, and theoretical prediction are proposed. Moreover, the existing issues and future trends of HEAs are predicted, which will help further develop these high‐entropy materials.
Magnetic Relaxation Switching Immunoassay Based on Hydrogen Peroxide‐Mediated Assembly of Ag@Au–Fe3O4 Nanoprobe for Detection of Aflatoxin B1
Authors: Dong Yongzhen , Wen Cong‐ying , She Yongxin , Zhang Yu , Chen Yiping , Zeng Jingbin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMagnetic relaxation switching (MRS) sensors have shown great potential in food safety monitoring due to their high signal‐to‐noise ratio and simplicity, but they often suffer from insufficient sensitivity and stability due to the lack of excellent magnetic nanoprobes. Herein, dumbbell‐like Au–Fe3O4 nanoparticles are designed as magnetic nanoprobes for developing an aflatoxin B1‐MRS immunosensor. The Fe3O4 portion in the Au–Fe3O4 nanoparticles functions as the magnetic probe to provide transverse relaxation signals, while the Au segments serve as a bridge to grow Ag shell and assemble the Au–Fe3O4 nanoparticles, thus modulating transverse relaxation time of surrounding water molecular. The formation of Ag@Au–Fe3O4 is triggered by hydrogen peroxide. After degraded by horseradish peroxidase, hydrogen peroxide reduces Ag+ to Ag nanoparticles which assemble dispersed Au–Fe3O4 to aggregated Ag@Au–Fe3O4, thus dramatically improving the sensitivity of traditional MRS sensor. Combined with competitive immunoreaction, this Ag@Au–Fe3O4–MRS immunosensor can detect aflatoxin B1 with a high sensitivity (3.81 pg mL−1), which improved about 21 folds and 9 folds than those of enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. The good consistency with HPLC in real samples detection indicates the good accuracy of this immunosensor. This Ag@Au–Fe3O4–MRS immunosensor offers an attractive tool for detection of harmful substances.