bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences Between the Strength of Preference–Performance Coupling in Two Rice Stemborers (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Crambidae) Promotes Coexistence at Field-Plot Scales
Authors: Horgan Finbarr G , Romena Angelita M , Bernal Carmencita C , Almazan Maria Liberty P , Ramal Angelee Fame 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Two stem-boring moths, the yellow stemborer (YSB) Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker), and the striped stemborer (SSB), Chilo suppressalis (Walker), damage rice in Asia. YSB is the dominant species in much of tropical Asia. Both species are oligophagous on domesticated and wild rice. We investigated the roles of host plant preferences and larval performance in determining the larval densities of both species in rice plots. In screenhouse experiments, YSB showed significant preference–performance coupling. Adults preferred high-tillering rice varieties during early vegetative growth. In contrast, SSB did not demonstrate oviposition preferences under the same screenhouse conditions, but did oviposit less on the wild rice Oryza rufipogon Griff. than on domesticated rice varieties during a choice experiment. Despite differences in preference–performance coupling, larval survival and biomass across 10 varieties were correlated between the two species. YSB and SSB larvae occurred in relatively high numbers on rice varieties with large tillers (IR70, IR68, and T16) in wet and dry season field experiments. However, whereas YSB was the dominant species on IR68 and IR70, it was relatively less abundant on T16, where SSB dominated. Results suggest that YSB preferentially attacked fast-growing rice varieties with high tiller numbers early in the crop cycle. Meanwhile SSB, which has weak preference–performance coupling, occurred in rice plants with large tillers that were relatively free of YSB later in the crop cycle. These factors may allow the species to coexist. We discuss the implications of proximate and ultimate factors influencing stemborer co-occurrence for the sustainable production of rice in tropical Asia.
Childhood Perspectives of the Holocaust in Jurek Becker’s “The Wall” and “The Invisible City,” and Frank Beyer’s film While All Germans Are Sleeping
Authors: White Delene Case 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
At the age of eight, Polish-Jewish child survivor Jurek Becker settled with his father in the Soviet Occupation Zone of Berlin, later becoming a professional writer in the German Democratic Republic. He left after a series of protests by artists and intellectuals against the expatriation of dissident singer-songwriter Wolf Biermann, and took up residence in the Federal Republic of Germany. The author of the present study addresses Becker’s short story “Die Mauer” (The Wall) and testimonial essay “Die unsichtbare Stadt” (The Invisible City), along with Frank Beyer’s 1991 film Wenn alle Deutschen schlafen (While All Germans Are Sleeping), based on “The Wall.” In particular, the author analyzes all three works in relation to other fictional representations of the Holocaust and discourses of childhood, imagination, and play. It draws on M.M. Bakhtin’s theories of narrative strategy and Johan Huizinga’s ideas about the “ludic element” (essentially, play) needed to survive totalitarian systems such as Nazism, to argue for valuing such works as important expressions by child survivors.
Current Pest Status and Management Practices forSystena frontalis(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Ornamental Plants in the Eastern United States: An Online Survey
Authors: Joseph Shimat V , Chong Juang-Horng , Campbell Benjamin , Kunkel Brian , Lauderdale Danny , Jones Stacey , Gill Stanton , Chen Yan , Schultz Peter , Held David , Hale Frank , Dale Adam , Vafaie Erfan , Hudson Will , Gilrein Dan , Del Pozo-Valdivia Alejandro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSystena frontalis (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is an important pest in ornamental plant nurseries in the United States. Information on current pest status and management practices employed by nurseries, garden centers, and landscape care operations are crucial to developing an effective research and extension program for ornamental crops. An online survey was developed and administered by the research team in 2020 to gather data on pest status and current pest management practices. The questionnaire included three focus areas: 1) participant (location, industry type, or operating area); 2) pest status indicators (incidence, affected crops, and estimated loss); and 3) common pest management practices. The questionnaire was distributed to stakeholders via e-mail lists, newsletters, and blogs. Seventy-five responses were received; 82.6% of which were from wholesale nursery operators in 19 U.S. states and 1 Canadian province. For most respondents (72%), damage recurred yearly in the past 10 yr and persisted from April to October. About 56% of respondents reported damage on more than five host plant species (with Hydrangea spp. being the most frequently identified) representing approximately 25% of the total number of plants grown in the facilities. Presence of S. frontalis is being monitored mainly through visual inspection of foliage for adult presence or foliage damage (100%), with scouting occurring mainly at weekly intervals (57%). The majority of respondents used broad-spectrum insecticides (such as pyrethroids) for adult (89%) and larval control (47%). We estimated that a grower spends USD$1,637/ha/yr on insecticides and labor for monitoring and implementing S. frontalis management.
Australian Colonial Anglican Bishops and the Eucharist: Broughton, Perry, and Nixon
Authors: Douglas Brian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article examines the eucharistic theology of three colonial Australian Anglican Bishops: Broughton of Sydney, Perry of Melbourne, and Nixon of Tasmania. Examination of their thinking shows that there is a multiformity of view among the three bishops. Broughton engages realism but does this in mainly receptionist manner, seeing Christ as present in the reception of the eucharist and the sacrifice of Christ commemorated and made effective through faithful reception. Perry engages a memorialist view, without realism, and sees the eucharist as a mere remembrance of a past and completed transaction, that is, the death of Christ on the cross. Nixon, under Tractarian influence, expresses a decidedly realist view where Christ is seen to be really present in the elements and a much closer connection is drawn between eucharistic remembrance and Christ’s sacrifice. The Oxford Movement is important to all three bishops, with Broughton and Nixon being influenced in a realist direction and Perry using the writings of the Tractarians to argue against realism. The multiformity of view of these bishops explains some of the multiformity of eucharistic theology which continues in the Anglican Church of Australia to this day.
Noisy medieval data, from digitized manuscript to stylometric analysis: Evaluating Paul Meyer’s hagiographic hypothesis
Authors: Camps Jean-Baptiste , Clérice Thibault , Pinche Ariane 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Stylometric analysis of medieval vernacular texts is still a significant challenge: the importance of scribal variation, be it spelling or more substantial, as well as the variants and errors introduced in the tradition, complicate the task of the would-be stylometrist, by inducing noise and perhaps even interferences in the authorship signal. Basing the analysis on the study of the copy from a single hand of several texts can partially mitigate these issues (Camps and Cafiero, 2013, Setting bounds in a homogeneous corpus: a methodological study applied to medieval literature. Revue Des Nouvelles Technologies de l’information (RNTI), SHS-1, pp. 55–84), but the limited availability of complete diplomatic transcriptions might make this difficult. In this article, we use a workflow combining handwritten text recognition and stylometric analysis, applied to the case of the hagiographic works contained in MS BnF, fr. 412. We seek to evaluate Paul Meyer's hypothesis about the constitution of groups of hagiographic works, as well as to examine potential authorial groupings in a vastly anonymous corpus.
Topic analysis of French–English tweets in France
Authors: Hadour Taoues 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Twitter has become a popular means of communication used in a variety of fields. This widely used platform has an impact on the way people express themselves and is changing language usage worldwide at an unprecedented pace. This article investigates the reasons for the use of French–English language mixing among French users on Twitter using a topic analysis approach. This analysis draws on Gumperz’s theory of conversational switching. In order to collect tweets at a large scale, the data were collected in R using the rtweet package. A total of nine topic categories were identified and analyzed in this article: entertainment, internet/social media, events/community, politics/news, sports, sex/pornography, innovation/technology, fashion/makeup, and business. This study finds that entertainment is the most frequent topic discussed on Twitter. English words, such as trailer, spoil, and live are found in the data. This study enables a deeper understanding of users’ linguistic behavior online, and offers insights into future trends in intercultural and cross-language exchanges.
Augustine’s Master Argument for the Incorporeality of the Mind
Authors: Nawar Tamer 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn De Trinitate 10, Augustine offers an argument that seemingly proceeds from certain premises about self-knowledge to the conclusion that the mind is incorporeal. Although the argument has sometimes been compared to later Cartesian arguments, it has received relatively little philosophical attention. In this paper, I offer a detailed analysis and original interpretation of Augustine's argument and argue that it is not vulnerable to some of the main objections which have been raised against it. I go on to argue that while an important part of Augustine's argument does face several hitherto neglected objections, Augustine's ultimate case for the incorporeality of the mind is somewhat different and more successful than one might initially think.
The Instrumented Timed “Up & Go” Test Distinguishes Turning Characteristics in Vestibular Hypofunction
Authors: Kim Kyoung Jae , Gimmon Yoav , Millar Jennifer , Brewer Kelly , Serrador Jorge , Schubert Michael C 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective
Deficits in vestibular function increase the risk for falls while turning. However, the clinical assessment of turning in patients with vestibular dysfunction is lacking, and evidence is limited that identifies the effectiveness of vestibular physical therapy in improving turning performance. The purpose of this study was to quantify walking and turning performance during the instrumented Timed “Up & Go” (TUG) test using body-worn inertial measurement units (IMUs). Novel instrumented TUG parameters were investigated for ability to distinguish patients with unilateral vestibular deafferentation (UVD) from control groups and discriminate the differences in turning parameters of patients with UVD following vestibular physical therapy.

Methods
Thirty-eight individuals were recruited following UVD surgery: 26 age-matched veteran controls with reports of dizziness not from a peripheral vestibular origin, and 12 age-matched healthy controls. Participants were donned with IMUs and given verbal instructions to complete the TUG test as fast as safely possible. The IMU-instrumented and automated assessment of the TUG test provided component-based TUG parameters, including the novel walk:turn ratio. Among the participants with UVD, 19 completed an additional instrumented TUG testing after vestibular physical therapy.

Results
The walk:turn time ratio showed that turning performance in patients with UVD before rehabilitation is significantly more impaired than both the individuals with nonperipheral conditions and healthy controls. Vestibular rehabilitation significantly improved turning performance and “normalized” their walk:turn time ratio compared with healthy controls. The duration of the straight walking component in individuals with UVD before vestibular physical therapy, however, was not significantly different compared with that component in people after vestibular physical therapy and in healthy controls.

Conclusion
The IMU-instrumented TUG test can be used to distinguish individuals with vestibular deafferentation and to objectively quantify the change in their turning performance after vestibular physical therapy.

Impact
The IMU-based instrumented TUG parameters have the potential to quantify the efficacy of vestibular physical therapy and be adopted in the clinic.
Trusts and their comparative understanding
Authors: Lupoi Maurizio 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Understanding the trust is the first step to reproducing its features in a civilian jurisdiction. Professor Lupoi explains the comparative issues. They include linguistic subtleties, conceptual difficulties and differences of approach with civil law systems preferring the clarity and coherence offered by general principles. He explains that there is no equivalent in the common law. Courts confine themselves to (fact sensitive) issues in the particular case. This leads to vagueness or even incoherence. A solution is to focus on the functional aspects of the trust. Professor Lupoi draws attention to the cousin of the massively discretionary trust; this is the “industrial trust.”
Prescribing the Buprenorphine Monoproduct for Adverse Effects of Buprenorphine-Naloxone
Authors: Grande Lucinda A. 
Published: March 2021

Buprenorphine-naloxone (BNX) reduces the risk of mortality from untreated opioid use disorder by 50% or more. However, adverse effects of BNX can be a cause of inconsistent use or discontinuation. The buprenorphine monoproduct (BUP) is effective and is sometimes tolerated better, but practice guidelines and insurance restrictions discourage its prescription due to concerns about diversion and injection.
An idiopathic reaction of bilateral flank pain reported by three patients is used as an example to show how to assess the success of a BUP trial. Sublingual absorption of naloxone is discussed as a potential cause of adverse effects of BNX in sensitive individuals. Issues in clinical decision-making are presented to help prescribers assess the risk-benefit ratio of a BUP trial for the individual patient, the prescriber, and society.
This commentary may serve as a stimulus for changes in practice guidelines and insurance coverage policies to allow greater flexibility in the prescribing of BUP.
Klotho supplementation attenuates blood pressure and albuminuria in murine model of IgA nephropathy
Authors: Takenaka Tsuneo , Hasan Arif , Marumo Takeshi , Kobori Hiroyuki , Inoue Tsutomu , Miyazaki Takashi , Suzuki Hiromichi , Nishiyama Akira , Ishii Naohito , Hayashi Matsuhiko 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Klotho interacts with various membrane proteins, such as transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptors. The renal expression of klotho is diminished in chronic kidney disease.

Method:
In this study, we assessed the effects of klotho supplementation on a murine model of IgA nephropathy. Twenty-four-week-old hyper serum IgA (HIGA) mice were subcutaneously injected daily with recombinant human klotho protein (20 μg/kg per day) or the vehicle. After 2 months, the mice were killed using an anesthesia overdose and their kidneys were harvested for analysis.

Results:
Supplementation of exogenous klotho protein reduced SBP, albuminuria, 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α excretion, glomerular filtration rate, renal angiotensin II concentration, and angiotensinogen expression in HIGA mice. Additionally, it enhanced renal expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and renal klotho itself. The findings using laser-manipulated microdissection demonstrated that klotho supplementation reduced the glomerular expression of TGFβ, fibronectin, and IGF, and increased the glomerular expression of connexin (Cx) 40.

Conclusion:
These results indicate that klotho supplementation reduces blood pressure by suppressing the renin--angiotensin system in HIGA mice. Klotho inhibits IGF signaling to preserve glomerular Cx40 levels, ameliorating albuminuria in HIGA mice. Klotho protein supplementation attenuates mesangial expansion by inhibiting TGFβ signaling in HIGA mice.
FUNCTIONAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL OUTCOMES OF THE INVERTED INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE FLAP TECHNIQUE IN SMALL-SIZED AND MEDIUM-SIZED MACULAR HOLES <400 µm
Authors: Baumann Carmen , Dervenis Nikolaos , Kirchmair Katharina , Lohmann Chris P. , Kaye Stephen B. , Sandinha Maria T. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose:
To assess the effect of an internal limiting membrane flap (IF) in macular hole surgery on the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and integrity of the ellipsoid zone (EZ) and external limiting membrane.

Methods:
Patients were included who had successful surgery for macular hole <400 µm with or without an IF. Main outcome measures were BCVA and restoration of the external limiting membrane and EZ at 12 months.

Results:
Sixty patients were included, 36 with conventional peeling and 24 with an IF. The best-corrected visual acuity improved from 0.74 (±0.30) logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (20/110 Snellen) to 0.26 (±0.20) (20/36 Snellen) in patients without and from 0.77 (±0.32) logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (20/118 Snellen) to 0.18 (±0.12) (20/30 Snellen) in patients with an IF, respectively. There was no difference in the integrity of the EZ and external limiting membrane in patients with or without an IF at either 3 (P = 0.58, P = 0.20), 6 (P = 0.81, P = 0.10), or 12 months (P = 0.60, P = 0.20) or in the BCVA at 3 (P = 0.24), 6 (P = 0.18) and 12 months (P = 0.11). In the multivariable model, only preoperative BCVA (P < 0.01), EZ integrity (P = 0.001), and age (P < 0.01) were associated with the post-operative BCVA.

Conclusion:
In patients undergoing surgery for macular hole <400 µm, the use of an IF did not affect the BCVA or the integrity of the EZ and external limiting membrane.
Diphtheroids as Corneal Pathogens in Chronic Ocular Surface Disease in Stevens–Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Authors: Shanbhag Swapna S. , Shih Grace , Bispo Paulo J. M. , Chodosh James , Jacobs Deborah S. , Saeed Hajirah N. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose:
To characterize diphtheroid corneal infections in eyes in the chronic phase of Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN).

Methods:
Observational case series.

Results:
Four eyes of 3 patients were included in this review. Each eye presented with persistent corneal epithelial defect with corneal thinning in the chronic phase of SJS/TEN. None of the epithelial defects were associated with stromal infiltration. The corneas were cultured at the time of workup of persistent epithelial defect (3 eyes) or at time of tectonic penetrating keratoplasty after perforation (1 eye). Cultures yielded abundant growth of Corynebacterium spp., including Corynebacterium jeikeium (n = 2), Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum (n = 1), and a multidrug-resistant Corynebacterium striatum isolate (n = 1). The ocular surface was stabilized with surgical intervention (1 eye) or with introduction of fortified topical antibiotic based on laboratory identification and susceptibility testing of the isolated organisms (3 eyes). Numerous risk factors for microbial keratitis were present in all 4 eyes.

Conclusions:
In eyes with a persistent corneal epithelial defect in the chronic phase of SJS/TEN, even in the absence of an infiltrate, corneal culture should be undertaken. Recognition and treatment of Corynebacterium spp. as opportunistic pathogens may lead to favorable outcomes in cases of clinically sterile ulceration during the chronic phase of SJS/TEN.
Efficacy of Immunosuppressants in High Rejection Risk Keratoplasty: A Meta-Analysis of Comparative Studies
Authors: Yu Kang , Lian Xiu-Fen , Jiang Xiu-Ying , Zhou Shi-You 
Published: March 2021

Purpose:
To evaluate the prophylactic effects of immunosuppressants in corneal graft rejection after high-risk penetrating keratoplasty.

Methods:
We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for comparative studies published between 1989 and 2019 that evaluated the efficacy of immunosuppressants for high-risk corneal graft. The primary outcomes were the 1- and 3-year rejection rates. A fixed-effects or random-effects model was used on the basis of the I
2 value, and the results were reported as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results:
Topical tacrolimus (FK506) was more effective than topical cyclosporine A (CsA) at reducing the 1-year graft rejection rate (OR: 0.17; 95% CI, 0.08–0.37, P<0.01). However, the combination of steroid with either topical FK506 (OR: 0.4; 95% CI, 0.16–1.04, P = 0.09) or CsA (OR: 0.74; 95% CI, 0.32–1.71, P= 0.48) did not show significant superiority in preventing immune rejection compared with steroid monotherapy. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was more effective than CsA at reducing the 1-year graft rejection rate (OR: 2.67; 95% CI, 1.50–4.76, P<0.01). However, MMF was not significantly superior to CsA at reducing the 3-year graft rejection rate (OR: 1.21; 95% CI, 0.45–3.25, P = 0.71). For reducing the 1-year rejection rate, MMF (OR: 0.12; 95% CI, 0.03–0.39, P < 0.01) and CsA (OR: 0.28; 95% CI, 0.10–0.76, P = 0.01) were each more effective than the control groups.

Conclusions:
FK506 eye drops, MMF, and systemic CsA were considered to be promising management to prevent rejection in high-risk penetrating keratoplasty in the present study.
Safety and Efficacy of Manual Aspiration Via Small Bore Chest Tube in Facilitating the Outpatient Management of Transbronchial Biopsy-related Iatrogenic Pneumothorax
Authors: Matus Ismael , Mertens Avalon , Wilton Shannon , Raja Haroon , Roedder Timothy 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Iatrogenic pneumothorax complicates transbronchial biopsies with a prevalence of 1% to 6%. Conventional treatment consists of inpatient management with chest tube drainage. While aspiration techniques have been investigated in the management of both primary spontaneous and transthoracic lung biopsy-induced pneumothorax, its role in the management of transbronchial biopsy-iatrogenic pneumothorax (TBBX-IP) is undefined. An appealing treatment alternative for TBBX-IP may exist in the placement of a small bore chest tube (SBCT) followed by a manual aspiration (MA) technique promoting earlier SBCT removal to facilitate outpatient management. To our knowledge, no study exists evaluating the efficacy of MA via a SBCT performed specifically for TBBX-IP.

Patients and Methods:
Prospective evaluation of the efficacy of a protocolized pathway incorporating MA through a SBCT for the outpatient management of TBBX-IP. Primary outcome was the clinicoradiographic resolution of TBBX-IP avoiding hospitalizations.

Results:
A total of 763 biopsies performed; 31 complicated by TBBX-IP, 18 qualified for intervention. Sixteen were outpatients, 2 inpatients. Thirteen (81.25%) of the 16 outpatients were successfully treated with MA via SBCT and did not require admission. Twelve (75%) of these 13 had SBCT removed, 1 patient was discharged with SBCT and removed in 24 hours. Of the 18 patients requiring intervention, 13 (72.2%) were successfully treated with MA via SBCT enabling removal of SBCT. No patient required reintervention.

Conclusion:
MA via SBCT represents a safe and viable management approach of TBBX-IP promoting earlier SBCT removal and decreased hospitalizations. Our results challenge conventional management of TBBX-IP warranting further investigation.