bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review of Degradation Mechanisms and Recent Achievements for Ni‐Rich Cathode‐Based Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jiang Ming , Danilov Dmitri L. , Eichel Rüdiger‐A. , Notten Peter H. L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe growing demand for sustainable energy storage devices requires rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with higher specific capacity and stricter safety standards. Ni‐rich layered transition metal oxides outperform other cathode materials and have attracted much attention in both academia and industry. Lithium‐ion batteries composed of Ni‐rich layered cathodes and graphite anodes (or Li‐metal anodes) are suitable to meet the energy requirements of the next generation of rechargeable batteries. However, the instability of Ni‐rich cathodes poses serious challenges to large‐scale commercialization. This paper reviews various degradation processes occurring at the cathode, anode, and electrolyte in Ni‐rich cathode‐based LIBs. It highlights the recent achievements in developing new stabilization strategies for the various battery components in future Ni‐rich cathode‐based LIBs.
Regulating Energy Band Alignment via Alkaline Metal Fluoride Assisted Solution Post‐Treatment Enabling Sb2(S,Se)3 Solar Cells with 10.7% Efficiency
Authors: Zhao Yuqi , Wang Shaoying , Jiang Chenhui , Li Chuang , Xiao Peng , Tang Rongfeng , Gong Junbo , Chen Guilin , Chen Tao , Li Jianmin , Xiao Xudong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractContinuously boosting the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and delving deeper into its functionalities are essential problems faced by the very new antimony selenosulfide (Sb2(S,Se)3) solar technology. Here, a convenient and effective solution post‐treatment (SPT) technique is used to fabricate high‐performance Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells, where alkali metal fluorides are applied to improve the quality of Sb2(S,Se)3 films in terms of morphology, crystallinity, and conductivity. In particular, this approach is able to manipulate the S/Se gradient in the films and creates favorable energy alignment which facilitates the carrier transport. As a result, the fill factor and short‐circuit current density of Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells (Glass/FTO/Zn(O,S)/CdS/Sb2(S,Se)3/Spiro‐OMeTAD/Au) based on the SPT strategy are significantly enhanced, achieving a champion efficiency of 10.7%. To date, this conversion efficiency value represents the highest efficiency of all Sb‐based solar cells. This study provides an effective post‐treatment strategy for improving the quality of Sb2(S,Se)3 film which sheds new light on the fabrication of high‐efficiency Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells.
Particle‐level dynamics of clusters: Experiments in a gas‐fluidized bed
Authors: Wang Haifeng , Chen Yanpei , Wang Wei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractClustering is critical to understanding the multiscale behavior of fluidization. However, its time‐resolved evolution at the particle level is seldom touched. Here, we explore both the time‐averaged and time‐resolved dynamics of clusters in a quasi‐2D fluidized bed. Particle tracking velocimetry is adopted, and then clusters are identified by using Voronoi analysis. The time‐averaged results show that the number distribution of the cluster size follows a power law () except for large clusters (nc > 100). Time‐resolved analysis demonstrates that the cluster coalescence can be simplified as a collision between two inelastic clusters, during which the mean speed, kinetic energy, and total Voronoi cell area of particles decrease until the formation of the big cluster. Then, a model is proposed to predict its energy loss, which gives ΔE ~ t3/2. Moreover, the breakup of the cluster is linked to increasing dimensionless torque on the particles.
Explaining robot policies
Authors: Watkins Olivia , Huang Sandy , Frost Julius , Bhatia Kush , Weiner Eric , Abbeel Pieter , Darrell Trevor , Plummer Bryan , Saenko Kate , Dragan Anca 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn order to interact with a robot or make wise decisions about where and how to deploy it in the real world, humans need to have an accurate mental model of how the robot acts in different situations. We propose to improve users' mental model of a robot by showing them examples of how the robot behaves in informative scenarios. We explore this in two settings. First, we show that when there are many possible environment states, users can more quickly understand the robot's policy if they are shown critical states where taking a particular action is important. Second, we show that when there is a distribution shift between training and test environment distributions, then it is more effective to show exploratory states that the robot does not visit naturally.
Methods and standards for research on explainable artificial intelligence: Lessons from intelligent tutoring systems
Authors: Clancey William J. , Hoffman Robert R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe DARPA Explainable Artificial Intelligence (AI) (XAI) Program focused on generating explanations for AI programs that use machine learning techniques. This article highlights progress during the DARPA Program (2017‐2021) relative to research since the 1970s in the field of intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs). ITS researchers learned a great deal about explanation that is directly relevant to XAI. We suggest opportunities for future XAI research deriving from ITS methods, and consider the challenges shared by both ITS and XAI in using AI to assist people in solving difficult problems effectively and efficiently.
PHIP gene variants with protein modeling, interactions, and clinical phenotypes
Authors: Dietrich Jordan , Lovell Scott , Veatch Olivia J. , Butler Merlin G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVariants in the pleckstrin homology domain‐interacting protein (PHIP) gene are implicated in the clinical phenotype of Chung–Jansen syndrome, which includes dysmorphic features, cognitive dysfunction, aberrant behavior, and childhood onset obesity. Following a systematic literature review, 35 patients are reported to have unique PHIP variants impacting the encoded protein product. We summarize the status and frequency of these variants and relationship to clinical presentation. We also describe an additional patient with a rare, pathogenic variant due to a five base pair deletion leading to an altered codon at I307 but with a stop codon at 22 codons downstream; notably, a variant was identified at the same location as seen previously at protein position I307 in one other subject and a frameshift change at that protein position. We compare the clinical characteristics between the two patients and analyze whether certain types of gene defects impact clinical presentation in previously reported individuals. In addition, we predict structural protein models, which yielded unique differences between the wild‐type and I307P‐related mutant truncated proteins. Protein–protein interactions indicate involvement of POMC and related proteins with potential contribution to obesity, congenital, neuromuscular, and lipid disorders with heart, gastrointestinal, and rheumatoid diseases. With its surrounding proline‐rich region, the I307P point mutation increases susceptibility to conformational rigidity and thermodynamic stability, ultimately impacting function as well as a stop codon downstream. Furthermore, the frameshift mutation seen in our patient may result in a truncated protein with a short abnormal region prior to the stop codon due to a five base pair deletion at I307 or target the protein for nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay.
Obstetrics and gynecology in Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome: A brief review and update
Authors: Blagowidow Natalie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Ehlers‐Danlos syndromes (EDSs) are a group of hereditary disorders affecting collagen and connective tissue. Gynecologic and obstetric complications occur with increased frequency and severity due to these abnormalities. Recent studies suggest that some complications, including endometriosis and premature rupture of the membranes may occur less often than previously thought. In addition, having a known diagnosis allows anticipatory planning, resulting in lower morbidity from hemorrhage and tissue injury. With continued progress in understanding the underlying mechanisms of EDS, more effective treatments can be developed.
Innovative application of internal carotid artery embolization in salvage endoscopic nasopharyngectomy for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A case‐matched comparison
Authors: Li Wanpeng , Liu Qiang , Wang Huan , Zhang Huangkang , Liu Quan , Hu Li , Li Houyong , Dai Jiong , Sun Xicai , Yu Hongmeng , Wang Dehui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe efficacy and safety of internal carotid artery (ICA) embolization as a treatment strategy in recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (rNPC) patients with tumors invading the ICA remain unclear.MethodsWe enrolled all rNPC patients with tumors invading the ICA, who underwent salvage endoscopic surgery. Using propensity scores to adjust for specific potential prognostic factors, a well‐balanced cohort of 42 patients with limited rNPC was formed by matching each patient who underwent ICA embolization (study group) with one who did not (control group). The survival rates and common treatment‐related complications were compared between the 2 groups.ResultsThe cohort included patients with the following tumor stages: rT2 (n = 3), rT3 (n = 24), and rT4 (n = 15). During a median follow‐up of 15 (range, 2‐63) months, the 2‐year overall survival and progression‐free survival rates were significantly higher in the ICA embolization group than in the ICA nonembolization group (90.5% vs 53.3% and 71.3% vs 33.0%, respectively; and p = 0.022 and p = 0.006, respectively). In addition, the incidence of treatment‐related complications, such as nasal obstruction, nasopharyngeal hemorrhage, and nasopharyngeal necrosis, was significantly lower in the ICA embolization group than in the nonembolization group (p = 0.001, p = 0.014, and p = 0.038, respectively).ConclusionThe innovative application of ICA embolization in endoscopic surgery in patients with rNPC invading the ICA significantly improved patient survival and reduced the risk of treatment‐related complications. Therefore, this may be a safe and effective method with the potential to improve outcomes in rNPC patients.
Single‐Cell Visualization of Monogenic RNA G‐quadruplex and Occupied G‐quadruplex Ratio through a Module‐Assembled Multifunctional Probes Assay (MAMPA)
Authors: Dai Yicong , Teng Xucong , Li Jinghong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractG‐quadruplexes (G4s), non‐canonical nucleic acid secondary structure, regulate many biological functions and are considered potential molecular targets for cancer therapeutics. However, due to the lack of analytical methods, the regulating mechanism of monogenic G4s is still unclear. Here, we developed a Module Assembled Multifunctional Probes Assay (MAMPA) for visualizing endogenous G4s in individual genes in single cells. Two modular probes separately recognize G4 structures and the adjacent RNA sequences, and the module assembly enables imaging of G4s in an individual RNA with high specificity. Through imaging G4s in several individual genes, we found that G4s were steadily occupied by G4 Binding Proteins (G4BPs) in various mRNAs in every cell line and defined “Occupied G4 Ratio”. We demonstrated MAMPA was suitable for most experimental situations and found that Occupied G4 Ratios had the potential to become a new parameter for the study of G4s in living cells.
Thyroid storm presenting with coma
Authors: McLean J. R. L. , Allan K. 
Published: November 2021

SummaryThyroid storm is a rare manifestation of severe thyrotoxicosis, and presentation with coma is highly atypical. A 32‐year‐old woman, previously euthyroid, presented in a comatose state with tachycardia, hypertension and pyrexia. The patient’s trachea was intubated in the community and she was subsequently admitted to the intensive care unit with a working diagnosis of meningoencephalitis. Although hypertension was present initially, subsequent hypotension necessitated a noradrenaline infusion. The patient remained persistently tachycardic and pyrexial. Initial laboratory investigations, including examination of cerebrospinal fluid, did not identify a specific diagnosis. Subsequently, raised thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels alongside undetectable thyroid‐stimulating hormone confirmed the diagnosis of thyroid storm. Following treatment for thyrotoxicosis, the patient made a full recovery and was discharged from the intensive care unit after three days. This case highlights the importance of considering thyroid disease in critically ill patients presenting with non‐specific symptoms.
Polyurethane electrospun membranes with hydroxyapatite‐vancomycin for potential application in bone tissue engineering and drug delivery
Authors: Vásquez‐López Claudia , Castillo‐Ortega Maria Monica , Chan‐Chan Lerma Hanaiy , Lagarda‐Díaz Irlanda , Giraldo‐Betancur Astrid Lorena , Rodríguez‐Félix Dora Evelia , Encinas‐Encinas Jose Carmelo , Martínez‐Barbosa Maria Elisa , Cadenas‐Pliego Gregorio , Cauich‐Rodríguez Juan Valerio , Herrera‐Franco Pedro Jesus 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the drug delivery behavior and other properties of electrospun composite membranes for potential use in tissue engineering. Tecoflex® (PU1), and a lab‐made polyurethane (PU2) were studied. They were mixed with nano‐hydroxyapatite (PU1‐nHA and PU2‐nHA) and vancomycin (PU1‐VA and PU2‐VA) or mixed with both, nHA and VA (PU1‐nHA‐VA and PU2‐nHA‐VA). Scanning electron microscopy showed a porous structure in all the electrospun membranes with smooth fibers in PU1 and its composites with sizes in the range of 0.6–0.9 μm and nanoparticles of HA, both, adhered and embedded on the PU fibers were observed. nHA and VA affected the thermal and mechanical behavior of composites. Elastic modulus, cytotoxicity, and kinetic release were affected by the PU and nHA. Cell viability up to 75% showed that all membrane extracts are not cytotoxic while microbial inhibition activity was observed in PU1‐VA, PU1‐nHA‐VA, and PU2‐VA.
Lead borate@polydopamine core–shell particles chemically bonded with silicone rubber for neutron and γ‐rays shielding
Authors: Liu Xue , Zhang Quan‐Ping , Li Jia‐Le , Chen Rui‐Chao , Xu Wei‐Di , Li Yin‐Tao , Yang Wen‐Bin , Zhou Yuan‐Lin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRubber composites with excellent radiation shielding and flexibility are extremely important to personal protective equipments (PPEs) for protecting workers from radiation hazards, especially for mixed radiations. It is, however, challenging to achieve uniform dispersion of fillers and good compatibility of the interfaces in highly‐filled rubber composites that are closely related to their physical properties. In this article, lead borate@polydopamine (PBO@PDA) core–shell particles are chemically bonded with silicone rubber (SR) for co‐shielding of neutron and γ‐rays. Uniform dispersion of the core–shell particles and good compatibility of the interfaces give rise to enhanced flexibility of the rubber composites. Particularly, the SR composite with 40 wt% PBO particles displays increases of 106% in elongation at break and 490% in tensile strength to neat SR. Furthermore, the mass attenuation coefficient of γ‐rays (105 KeV) reaches 2.35 and the thermal neutron absorption rate (0.025 eV) of is 76.9%. This work takes into account the balance between radiation shielding and flexibility of rubber composites, which provides a facile strategy to fabricate excellent integrated properties of flexible materials for shielding mixed neutron and γ‐rays.
Effect of ultraviolet radiation and water spraying on the mechanical properties of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes reinforced natural fiber and hybrid composites
Authors: Neto Jorge S. S. , F. M. de Queiroz Henrique , K. K. Cavalcanti Daniel , A. A. Aguiar Ricardo , B. Pereira António , Banea Mariana Doina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of aging by ultraviolet radiation and water spray on the mechanical properties of natural fiber and hybrid composites. Pure jute, hybrid jute/glass, and glass fiber‐reinforced composites were fabricated. All these types of composites were further modified with 0.6 wt% of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and their mechanical behavior was compared to the unmodified specimens. Tensile and flexural tests were used to measure the mechanical properties of unaged (control) and aged specimens. A scanning electron microscopy analysis was used to examine the fracture surfaces of the specimens tested. It was found that the aging process affected the mechanical properties of the composites studied in different ways. For jute and jute + MWCNT composites the properties decreased with increased exposure time. The hybrid jute/glass composites (unmodified and MWCNT modified) were less affected by aging and showed an insignificant change in tensile strength. The hybrid + MWCNT composites, showed an increase of approx. 7% in Young's modulus (1000 h) and 9% (500 h) and 17%, (1000 h) in flexural modulus when compared to the unexposed specimens. The MWCNTs had a positive effect on the mechanical properties of the glass + MWCNT aged samples.
High leverage detection in general functional regression models with spatially correlated errors
Authors: Romano Elvira , Giraldo Ramón , Mateu Jorge , Diana Andrea 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe presence of curves that deviate markedly from the core of a set of curves can greatly affect inference and forecasting in a functional regression model. Thus their detection is key to increase the accuracy of the required estimates. This work introduces the concepts of high leverage in general functional regression models with independent and spatially correlated errors. The projection matrix, also known as Hat matrix, plays a crucial role in classical model diagnosis, since it provides a measure of leverage. We propose a generalisation of the projection matrix in both the functional and the spatial functional frameworks under two settings, when the response variable is a scalar, and when it is a function itself, the so‐called total model. Commonly used influence measures are also proposed as functions of the generalised functional leverages and residuals. An application of the proposed procedures for investigating the effect of outliers on the relationship between transformation of the banking industry and the size of cooperative banks in Italy over a period of 14 years is presented.
Longer preserved urethral length in robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy significantly contributes to post‐operative urinary continence recovery
Authors: Ando Satoshi , Kamei Jun , Yamazaki Masahiro , Sugihara Toru , Kameda Tomohiro , Fujisaki Akira , Kurokawa Shinsuke , Takayama Tatsuya , Fujimura Tetsuya 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the relationship between the surgical procedure of robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and urinary continence recovery by reviewing the video database.MethodsVideo and data about men diagnosed with prostate cancer and underwent RARP were extracted and reviewed. Preserved urethral length (PUL) was semi‐quantitatively measured using the lateral width of a 16‐Fr urethral balloon catheter while cutting the urethra on a video screen. In addition, by reviewing intraoperative RARP video database, other surgical skill outcomes were also collected. Kaplan–Meier analysis with log‐rank test was used to compare the urinary continence recovery rate, stratified by the PUL. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the Cox proportional hazards model, and p‐values of <0.05 were considered significant.ResultsThe number of patients included in this study was 213. In univariate analysis, a PUL of ≥16 mm, a body mass index of <23.1 kg/m2 and a resected prostate volume of <44.3 g were statistically significant factors that influenced urinary continence recovery [hazard ratio (HR) 1.58, p = 0.036; HR 0.67, p = 0.021; and HR 0.58, p = 0.005, respectively]. Those factors also remained statistically significant in the multivariate analysis (HR 1.87, p = 0.022; HR 0.54, p = 0.001; and HR 0.57, p = 0.005, respectively). One year post‐operatively, the recovery rate from urinary continence was 79.0% for patients with a PUL of ≥16 mm and 66.5% for patients with a PUL of <16 mm.ConclusionThese results suggest that patients with longer PUL in RARP have a significantly higher rate of post‐operative urinary continence recovery.
Parietal bone agenesis and athelia in retinoic acid embryopathy: An expansion of the phenotype
Authors: Yang Xiao‐Ru , Wright James R. , Yu Weiming , Langdon Kristopher D. , Somerset David , Thomas Mary Ann 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundRetinoic acid signaling plays a critical role during embryogenesis and requires tight regulation. Exposure to exogenous retinoic acid during fetal development is known to have teratogenic effects, producing a recognizable embryopathy.CaseWe describe a case of retinoic acid embryopathy secondary to maternal isotretinoin use until the ninth week of gestation and expand the phenotype to include the rare features of parietal bone agenesis and athelia. Histology of the parietal region showed fibrous tissue with no intramembranous ossification. The fetus also had multiple craniofacial dysmorphisms, thymic agenesis, and transposition of the great arteries with double outlet right ventricle and subaortic perimembranous ventricular septal defect. Neuropathology revealed enlarged ventricles with agenesis of the cerebellar vermis, focal duplication of the central canal and scattered parenchymal ependymal rests, and possible cerebral heterotopias with associated abnormal neuronal lamination. A chromosomal microarray was normal.ConclusionParietal bone agenesis and athelia are both rare congenital anomalies not previously reported in retinoic acid embryopathy. However, retinoic acid or its degrading enzyme has been demonstrated to exert effects in both of these developmental pathways, offering biological plausibility. We propose that this case may represent an expansion of the phenotype of retinoic embryopathy.
Accuracy and acceptability of eHealth data collection for an early intensive behavioral intervention program
Authors: Pankewich Amy , Martin Toby L. , Walters Kerri L. , Dubé Charmayne 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEarly intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) is a treatment designed to increase adaptive behavior and decrease maladaptive behaviors for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). EIBI service providers typically collect data using pen‐and‐paper. Participants were four service providers employed at a large community‐based EIBI program. Differences in accuracy between collecting discrete‐trial‐teaching (DTT) data and challenging behavior data using pen‐and‐paper and an eHealth electronic data collection (EDC) application were assessed. The social validity of both methods of data collection was also examined. Pen‐and‐paper and EDC were equally accurate, but participants preferred using pen‐and‐paper. Our accuracy findings agreed with previous comparisons of EDC and pen‐and‐paper. Both methods of data collection are viable for an EIBI program; however, social validity considerations will determine the ease of EIBI programs transitioning to using an eHealth tool for data collection.