bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk perception and psychological state of healthcare workers in referral hospitals during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, Uganda
Authors: Migisha Richard , Ario Alex Riolexus , Kwesiga Benon , Bulage Lilian , Kadobera Daniel , Kabwama Steven N. , Katana Elizabeth , Ndyabakira Alex , Wadunde Ignatius , Byaruhanga Aggrey , Amanya Geofrey , Harris Julie R. , Fitzmaurice Arthur G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundSafeguarding the psychological well-being of healthcare workers (HCWs) is crucial to ensuring sustainability and quality of healthcare services. During the COVID-19 pandemic, HCWs may be subject to excessive mental stress. We assessed the risk perception and immediate psychological state of HCWs early in the pandemic in referral hospitals involved in the management of COVID-19 patients in Uganda.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey in five referral hospitals from April 20–May 22, 2020. During this time, we distributed paper-based, self-administered questionnaires to all consenting HCWs on day shifts. The questionnaire included questions on socio-demographics, occupational behaviors, potential perceived risks, and psychological distress. We assessed risk perception towards COVID-19 using 27 concern statements with a four-point Likert scale. We defined psychological distress as a total score > 12 from the 12-item Goldberg’s General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). We used modified Poisson regression to identify factors associated with psychological distress.ResultsAmong 335 HCWs who received questionnaires, 328 (98%) responded. Respondents’ mean age was 36 (range 18–59) years; 172 (52%) were male. The median duration of professional experience was eight (range 1–35) years; 208 (63%) worked more than 40 h per week; 116 (35%) were nurses, 52 (14%) doctors, 30 (9%) clinical officers, and 86 (26%) support staff. One hundred and forty-four (44%) had a GHQ-12 score > 12. The most common concerns reported included fear of infection at the workplace (81%), stigma from colleagues (79%), lack of workplace support (63%), and inadequate availability of personal protective equipment (PPE) (56%). In multivariable analysis, moderate (adjusted prevalence ratio, [aPR] = 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–4.0) and high (aPR = 3.8, 95% CI 2.0–7.0) risk perception towards COVID-19 (compared with low-risk perception) were associated with psychological distress.ConclusionsForty-four percent of HCWs surveyed in hospitals treating COVID-19 patients during the early COVID-19 epidemic in Uganda reported psychological distress related to fear of infection, stigma, and inadequate PPE. Higher perceived personal risk towards COVID-19 was associated with increased psychological distress. To optimize patient care during the pandemic and future outbreaks, workplace management may consider identifying and addressing HCW concerns, ensuring sufficient PPE and training, and reducing infection-associated stigma.
Poor glycemic control enhances the disease activity in the RA patients with undiagnosed diabetes—a cross-sectional clinical study
Authors: Palit Pulak Kanti , Islam Ashekul , Habib Md Syeed Al , Mujib Abu Syed Mohammed , Datta Joyonti , Chakraborty Bahni , Dhar Suman , Chowdhury Dhiman , Chowdhury Md Faisal Fahad , Ali Mohammad Shawkat , Yesmin Arfana , Islam Mohammod Johirul , Akther Nishat , Al Mamun Abdullah , Islam Khairul , Nath Pradip Kumar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disorder, characterized by systemic inflammation and swollen joints, establishes itself as a critical threat. A pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α is a well-known driver of RA pathogenesis and at the same time predisposes to insulin resistance through signal impediment which ultimately paves the way for type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, in patients with RA, T2DM remains significantly undiagnosed or undertreated, apparently which increases the risk of developing cardio-metabolic comorbidities. This study aimed to evaluate the glycemic status among RA patients and its association with disease activity.ResultOne hundred fifty inpatients RA cases according to ACR/EULAR standards were included in the cross-sectional study who have an average age of 45.4±12.15 years and a median and interquartile period of RA of 2.25 years and 0.48–6 years, respectively. We discovered that 36% of people had T2DM, 26% were prediabetic, and 38% were non-diabetic. Age was shown to be significantly correlated with DM frequency in RA patients (p=0.007). There were 28 patients with elevated disease activity (19%) and 60 patients with low disease activity (40%) in this study. No substantial associations were found in the presence of DM with gender, anti-CCP, RF, disease duration, or DAS28.ConclusionRA patients are more likely to experience diabetes, and resultantly a high index of notion must be kept. Clinician should be aware about the affliction of undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes in RA patients. Furthermore, keeping an eye on glycemic control in RA patients could prevent metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities in those susceptible patients.
Headspace for parents: qualitative report investigating the use of a mindfulness-based app for managing parents’ stress during COVID-19
Authors: Burgess Abigail , Cavanagh Kate , Strauss Clara , Oliver Bonamy R. 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundStress can compromise parental well-being and may contribute to harsh and critical parenting styles, which are in turn associated with children's conduct problems. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related restrictions are likely to have exacerbated parental stress as, for many, UK-based family life was altered considerably. Mindfulness has been demonstrated to improve stress management and emotion regulation when delivered to parents in person, however, more accessible online interventions are under-researched.AimsTo provide preliminary data on family well-being and parent–child relationships as well as the acceptability and usability of the Headspace app – a self-delivered mindfulness-based intervention – for parents in low-risk families during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodWe provided 12 parents with access to Headspace, and collected qualitative data (semi-structured interviews and 5 minute speech samples) immediately following the initial COVID-19 lockdown in the UK. The resulting transcripts were thematically analysed.ResultsMost parents reported Headspace to be acceptable and useful – improvements in parents’ own sleep were particularly noted – and there was high adherence to the intervention. However, difficulties related to family well-being and parent–child relationships following the lockdown were also reported.ConclusionsAs a result of the confounding impact of COVID-19 restrictions, and varied access to app content, we were unable to determine any outcomes to be a result of practising mindfulness specifically. However, COVID-19 has had a profound impact on many UK-based families, including those previously at low risk, and our results demonstrate that Headspace may have beneficial effects for parents. There is a need to more rigorously test this tool with a broader range of families.
Gendered Diverging Destinies: Changing Family Structures and the Reproduction of Educational Inequalities Among Sons and Daughters in the United States
Authors: Boertien Diederik , Bernardi Fabrizio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe prevalence of nontraditional family structures has increased over time, particularly among socioeconomically disadvantaged families. Because children's socioeconomic attainments are positively associated with growing up in a two-parent household, changing family structures are considered to have strengthened the reproduction of social inequalities across generations. However, several studies have shown that childhood family structure relates differently to educational outcomes for sons than for daughters. Therefore, we ask whether there are gender differences in the extent to which changing family structures have contributed to the college attainment gap between children from lower and higher socioeconomic backgrounds. We use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 and 1997 cohorts to estimate extended Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition models that take into account cross-cohort changes in the prevalence of family structures and heterogeneity in the effects of childhood family structure on college attainment. We find that the argument that changes in family structures contributed to diverging destinies in college attainment holds for daughters but not for sons. This result is due to the different changes over time in the effects of childhood family structure by gender and socioeconomic background.
Flower meristem maintenance by TILLERS ABSENT 1 is essential for ovule development in rice
Authors: Tanaka Wakana , Ohmori Suzuha , Kawakami Naoto , Hirano Hiro-Yuki 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Plant development depends on the activity of pluripotent stem cells in meristems, such as the shoot apical meristem and the flower meristem. In Arabidopsis thaliana, WUSCHEL (WUS) is essential for stem cell homeostasis in meristems and integument differentiation in ovule development. In rice (Oryza sativa), the WUS ortholog TILLERS ABSENT 1 (TAB1) promotes stem cell fate in axillary meristem development, but its function is unrelated to shoot apical meristem maintenance in vegetative development. In this study, we examined the role of TAB1 in flower development. The ovule, which originates directly from the flower meristem, failed to differentiate in tab1 mutants, suggesting that TAB1 is required for ovule formation. Expression of a stem cell marker was completely absent in the flower meristem at the ovule initiation stage, indicating that TAB1 is essential for stem cell maintenance in the ‘final’ flower meristem. The ovule defect in tab1 was partially rescued by floral organ number 2 mutation, which causes overproliferation of stem cells. Collectively, it is likely that TAB1 promotes ovule formation by maintaining stem cells at a later stage of flower development.
The role of nutritional assessment for predicting radiotherapy-induced adverse events in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Sun Wenjie , Li Guichao , Zhang Jing , Zhu Ji , Zhang Zhen 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of nutritional factors in predicting radiotherapy-associated toxicities for gastric cancer patients.

Methods:
A total of 285 gastric cancer patients who underwent radiotherapy in our hospital (Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center) between 2010 and 2017 were included in this retrospective study. Nutritional status assessment included body weight loss (BWL), body mass index (BMI), serum albumin, nutrition risk screening 2002(NRS-2002), patient-generated subjective global assessment(PG-SGA) and nutritional risk index (NRI).

Results:
Of all patients, 19.6% were underweight (BMI&lt;18.5 kg/m2), 25.6% were hypoalbuminemia (&lt;35 g l−1) and 48.8% lost ≥10% of body weight in the 6-month interval before radiotherapy(BWL). Meanwhile, 73.3%, 78.6 and 47.2% of the patients were diagnosed as malnutrition based on NRS-2002, PG-SGA and NRI, respectively. Hematological adverse events were present in 91.2% (≥Grade 1) and 20.4% (≥Grade 3) of the patients. Non-hematological adverse events occurred in 89.8% (≥Grade1) and 14.4% (≥Grade 3) of the patients. Multivariate analyses indicated that only hypoalbuminemia(&lt;35 g l−1) was independent predictor for Grade 3/4 hematological and non-hematological adverse events. Meanwhile, higher BWL(≥10%) was also independent predictor for Grade 3/4 non-hematological adverse events. NRS-2002, PG-SGA and NRI score were not associated with treatment-induced adverse events.

Conclusion:
BWL and serum albumin are useful factors for predicting severe adverse events in gastric cancer patients who undergo radiotherapy.

Advances in knowledge:
The use of nutritional factors in predicting severe adverse events enables implementation of individualized treatment strategies for early and intensive nutritional interventions in high-risk patients.
Modeling individual development plans, mentoring support, and career preparedness relationships among Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) trainees in the life sciences
Authors: Chang Chi-Ning , Patterson Clinton A. , Vanderford Nathan L. , Evans Teresa M. 
Published: December 2021

Background: As greater career development support for doctoral students and postdoctoral researchers has been emphasized, the individual development plan (IDP) has become a recommended mentoring tool. However, little is known about the effect of IDPs on mentoring and career development. This study proposed two conceptual models to examine the interrelationships among the use of IDPs, mentoring support, and career preparedness with a diverse sample of doctoral students and postdoctoral researchers in the life sciences. Methods: The data leveraged for this study was collected over a three-month period, March 2016 to June 2016, as part of a cross-sectional, online survey. The survey was distributed through social media and direct email to participants enrolled in life/biological/medical or physical/applied doctoral programs at U.S. institutions. To test the proposed conceptual models, this study employed the design-based multilevel structural equation modeling. Results: The analytic sample comprised 660 doctoral students and postdoctoral researchers in the life sciences from 91 institutions. The results suggested that 1) using the IDP could enhance mentoring support and career preparedness of doctoral students and postdoctoral researchers; 2) greater mentoring support and career preparedness would motivate mentees to continue utilizing the IDP with their principal investigator (PI) or advisor; and 3) females, postdoctoral researchers, and international scholars might need more support throughout the mentoring and career development process. Conclusions: This research offered empirical evidence for how an IDP, mentorship, and career preparedness interact. Findings revealed the IDP enhances mentoring support and career preparedness, as well as mentoring support and career preparedness predict IDP use. We conclude the IDP is an important mentorship tool that enhances trainees’ overall career preparation.
Liability from the use of medical artificial intelligence: a comparative study of English and Taiwanese tort laws
Authors: Khong Dennis W. K. , Yeh Wan-Ju 
Published: December 2021

Background: Modern artificial intelligence applications are appearing in healthcare and medical practices. Artificial intelligence is used both in medical research and on patients via medical devices. The aim of this paper is to examine and compare English and Taiwanese tort laws in relation to medical artificial intelligence. Methods: The methodologies employed are legal doctrinal analysis and comparative law analysis. Results: The investigation finds that English tort law treats wrong diagnostic or wrong advice as negligent misstatement, and mishaps due to devices as a physical tort under the negligence rule. Negligent misstatement may occur in diagnosis or advisory systems, while a negligent act may occur in products used in the treatment of the patient. Product liability under English common law applies the same rule as negligence. In Taiwan, the general principles of tort law in Taiwan’s Civil Code for misstatement and negligent action apply, whereas the Consumer Protection Act provides for additional rules on product liability of traders. Conclusions: Safety regulations may be a suitable alternative to tort liability as a means to ensure the safety of medical artificial intelligence systems.
Influence of Drinking Water Quality on the Current of Acute Radiation Disease in Mice
Authors: Bichkova T. , Andrianova I. , Nikitenko O. , Stavrakova N. , Parfenova I. , Karaulova T. , Gordeev A. , Ivanov A. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Assessing the role of various factors in the formation of radioresistance is an important branch of radiobiology. The quality of drinking water, as it turned out, can significantly affect radioresistance. Against the background of studying the antiradiation properties of various types of water, differing in mineral and isotopic composition, the problem of the influence of tap water on the course of radiation injury remained underestimated. This circumstance determined the purpose of the work: to evaluate the modifying effect of tap water on the course of acute radiation sickness after X-ray irradiation of mice at an average lethal dose.
Material and methods: Female ICR (CD-1) mice were irradiated with an average lethal dose once – 6.5 Gy of X-ray irradiation. After irradiation, half of the mice received tap water as drinking water, and the other half received artificially mineralized drinking water.
Results: Keeping animals on tap water significantly reduced the survival rate of mice both with a single dose (log-rank test p=0.02, χ2=5.38) compared with animals receiving artificially mineralized distilled water. In addition, in the group of mice that received tap water, an increase in the rate of death of mice and a lower preservation of the group mass of animals during the development of acute radiation injury was noted.
Conclusion: Tap water, used as drinking water, increases the damaging effect of radiation when X-rays are irradiated in mice.
Medical Radiological Consequences after 35 Years after the Accident at the Chernobyl NPP
Authors: Il'in L. , Ivanov V. , Linge I. , Kashcheev V. , Kochetkov O. , Tukov A. , Shafransky I. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose: In an article prepared on the basis of the conclusion of the Russian Scientific Commission on Radiological Protection (RSCRP) at the Department of Medical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences "Assessment of the radiological consequences of the Chernobyl accident after 35 years according to the National Radiation and Epidemiological Register" (NRER), the main conclusions of the large-scale radiation-epidemiological studies carried out.
Material and methods: The work uses information NRER – liquidators of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident and the Branch Register of FMBA of Russia – liquidators. When assessing the excess relative risk of malignant neoplasms, the EPICURE.
Results: The current status of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Register, which is currently functioning within the framework of the Law of the Russian Federation of 30.12.2012 No. 329-FZ “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in terms of ensuring that changes in the health status of certain categories of citizens are taken into account exposed to radiation". For the first time in an integral form, the article presents the medical radiological consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant for the population of Russia. It was found that an increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer due to incorporated exposure to 131I was found in a cohort of children and adolescents (28 856 people) who received radiation doses of more than 200 mGy in 1986. There was no increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer among the adult population. Analysis of the incidence of solid cancers in the territories of the Bryansk, Kaluga, Tula and Oryol regions contaminated with radionuclides did not reveal an increase in the frequency of this pathology for children and adults. It is shown that in the cohort of liquidators of the Chernobyl accident, who received radiation doses of more than 150 mGy (35 303 people), an increase in the incidence of leukemia during the first 11 years after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant and solid cancers was revealed in comparison with the spontaneous level.
Conclusions: The article points out serious limitations associated with a high degree of uncertainty in the received personal dosimetric data on liquidators in 1986–1987. and the need to use the total dose from all types of radiation (professional, emergency, medical, natural) to calculate the radiation risk. RSCRP emphasizes the high urgency of continuing work on reducing the uncertainty of dosimetry data and assessing the radiological consequences of the Chernobyl accident based on a comprehensive analysis of the NRER data.
„Aby wiedzieli, gdzie gniazdo nasze leży i skąd przodków naszych originem mamy”. Genealogia Topolskich herbu Nałęcz z ziemi sanockiej z XVII wieku
Authors: Długosz Katarzyna Lena 
Published: December 2021

Wiedza na temat własnego pochodzenia i koligacji rodzinnych była istotna dla przedstawicielu stanu szlacheckiego. Wyróżniało to szlachtę na tle pozostałych stanów społecznych, także definiowało ich jako grupę. Wywody genealogiczne szlachta zamieszczała w księgach sądowych najczęściej po to, żeby udowodnić swoje szlachectwo. W siedemnastowiecznych księgach grodzkich sanockich rzadko można spotkać takie szlacheckie wywody genealogiczne. Wyjątkowym przykładem jest genealogia rodziny Topolskich. Artykuł stanowi analizę wywodu genealogicznego spisanego przez Sebastiana Topolskiego w 1646 roku.
Legenda o Pikusie w kronikach późnego antyku – źródło wyobrażone. Uwagi do książki Krzysztofa Hilmana Pikus w Kronice aleksandryjskiej i u Malalasa. Narodziny mitu u schyłku antyku, Kraków 2019
Authors: Zagórska Paulina 
Published: December 2021

Opowieść o rodzie Pikusa, legendarnego władcy Lacjum, w dziełach kronikarskich późnego antyku poprzedza panowanie Eneasza, królów Alba Longa czy Romulusa i Remusa. Artykuł zawiera uwagi krytyczne wobec książki Krzysztofa Hilmana, który podejmuje się analizy tej opowieści w trzech źródłach powszechnie uznawanych za kroniki - tzw. Kronice miasta Rzymu, Excerpta Latina Barbari (Kronice aleksandryjskiej) oraz kronice Jana Malalasa. Autor postuluje narodziny opowieści o Pikusie-Zeusie w późnym antyku, choć występuje ona w wielu wcześniejszych źródłach np. u Wergiliusza czy Diodora. Autorka wykazuje również niewiarygodność hipotezy Hilmana o domniemanym źródle pośrednim („euhemerystycznym opowiadaniu italskim”), poprzez które tytułowy Pikus miał zostać zaczerpnięty z Kroniki miasta Rzymu do Kroniki aleksandryjskiej i dzieła Malalasa.