bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SOME CONSIDERATIONS FOR EVALUATING THE DOMAN-DELACATO "PATTERNING" METHOD
Authors: Cohen Herbert J. , Birch Herbert G. , Taft Lawrence T. 
Published: December 2021

A method of rehabilitation therapy and development training named "patterning" has been considered. The theories upon which the method is based and the findings which have stemmed from its application have both been analyzed.
It has been concluded that the data thus far advanced are insufficient to justify affirmative conclusions about the system of treatment. Consideration of the statistics of individual case reports suggest that the changes obtained may reflect normal growth and development occurring independently of the method applied, or the inadvertent consequence of social stimulation and environmental change inherent in, or resulting from, the application of almost any method. We have also noted evidence that is available that justifies questioning the theoretical premises of the method.
The problem of selecting optimal therapy for patients with brain damage and cerebral dysfunction is complicated by the finding that sensory and motor function are not affected in a uniform and consistent manner by damage to the central nervous system. Lack of understanding of the fundamental mechanisms which integrate sensory and motor activities continues to make the selection of a therapy most difficult. Until we gain a greater understanding of sensory and motor integrative mechanisms, scientific (statistically corroborated) proof is needed before "patterning" or any other method may claim sufficient universal applicability to serve as the sole therapeutic approach to one or more disturbances of intellectual and motor function.
Who Will Provide Quality Health Care in the Poorer Areas?
Authors: Marks Ira 
Published: December 2021

In their articles discussing the various avenues open to us to improve the delivery and quality of health care received by American children, Drs. Yankauer1 and Breslow2 barely touch on what may ultimately be the major problem in any proposal: what percentage of future Academy members will be willing to practice in the big city ghettos or the rural areas of this country?
I wholeheartedly agree with Dr. Yankauer when he says: "It is no longer tolerable that the food, or the quantity, quality, and personalized nature of health care which an infant receives should be determined by the income and race of his parents."
Letter To The Editor
Authors: Yankauer Alfred 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Yankauer wrote:
Dr. Marks' point is moot. It has been raised previously in a Pediatrics Commentary. At about the same time a New England practitioner complained that private practice was being ignored in government programs.
The question of whether young men finishing their residencies will "go where they are needed" can only be answered by time. The problem is that they are needed just about everywhere (by the rich as well as the poor) because of mounting manpower shortages.3 It is worth mentioning that in urban areas outside of the large cities, where money does not lead to such sharply segregated residential districts and hospital out-patient departments are underdeveloped, practicing pediatricians are virtually the only source of health care.
Treatment of Hemorrhagic Shock
Authors: Hoffman Carl M. , Canby John P. 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Replogle's recent review of hemorrhagic shock is very well presented. As a result of our experiences with children, as well as severely injured servicemen, we feel that two points may have been overemphasized. These are the emphasis on blood or colloid solutions for volume replacement and the emphasis on the use of the ankle saphenous vein as an infusion site.
Volume deficit replacement is the most important single item in treating hemorrhagic shock. The article appears to emphasize that colloid solutions, such as albumin or dextran, should be used while waiting for blood to be typed and cross-matched.
ION EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY OF THE FREE AMINO ACIDS IN THE PLASMA OF INFANTS UNDER 2,500 GM AT BIRTH
Authors: Dickinson Johanne C. , Rosenblum Herman , Hamilton Paul B. 
Published: December 2021

The free amino acids in the plasma of 46 infants who were under 2,500 gm at birth were determined by an ion exchange chromatographic technique of high sensitivity and resolution. Ninety-two plasma samples were collected from the 46 infants on different days after birth, and the data for 23 amino acids plus taurine and ethanolamine were summarized and compared with newborn, full-term and adult levels. In 16 cases tyrosine levels were high; these values are listed separately. With respect to the remaining amino acids, many showed marked changes during the first few postnatal days; but, by the end of the first week, stable patterns had developed. The decrease or increase of the individual amino acid concentrations in these infants compared to infants with birth weights over 2,500 gm and to the adult was not great and seemed to be characteristic for each amino acid.
Attention was drawn to the technical details of preparing and analyzing physiological fluids which would minimize the changes in amino acid concentrations resulting from improper handling.
WHAT THE DILIGENT MOTHER OF THE 1820'S SHOULD HAVE IN THE HOME MEDICINE CHEST FOR THE PROPER CARE OF HER CHILDREN
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

A comparison of the contents of today's medicine cabinets with those of a century and a half ago will interest contemporary pediatricians because almost all the items formerly recommended for the treatment of the sick child have not been mentioned in any textbook of pediatrics for many years. Have we lost something by discarding some of these drugs? The following items were considered necessary in 1820 if there were children in the home:
Alum
Aether
Blister Plaister [sic]
Borax
Castor Oil
Calomel
Cream of Tartar
Diluted Vitriolic Acid
Epsom Salts
Gum Arabic Powder
Jalap Powder
Ipecacuanha Powder
Laudanum
Magnesia
Nitre
Prepared Kali
Rhubarb
Spirit of Hartshorn
Spermaceti Cerate
Sweet Spirit of Nitre
Tincture of Myrrh
Turner's Cerate
Antimonial Powder
Aromatic Confection
Yellow Basilicon
NEONATAL SEIZURE STATES
Authors: Rose L. , Lombroso Cesare T. 
Published: December 2021

In the March issue of Pediatrics two corrections should be made in the article by Drs. Rose and Lombroso:
Page 406: Table III, second footnote should read † 1. Two siblings with seizures which continued and were accompanied by mental retardation. 2. A case of transient familial neonatal seizures occurring in three generations and followed by normal development. 3. One sibship and a sporadic case of pyridoxine dependency. 4. A case of hypernatremia associated with hypocalcemia of unknown etiology. 5. A case of hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. 6. A case of congenital heart disease with transient seizures.
Page 418: Table referred to in second line, section on Pathologic Findings, should be XII rather than II.
Letter To The Editor
Authors: Alpert Joel J. 
Published: December 2021

We asked Dr. Alpert to comment for the Subcommittee. He writes:
Thank you for the opportunity to reply to Dr. Lin-Fu's letter. She makes several important points. The thrust of the committee statement was with clinical diagnosis and the treatment ment of lead poisoning. We must make a distinction between asymptomatic increased lead absorption and increased body lead burden on the one hand and lead poisoning on the other. A mass screening program should be designed to pick up the child with asymptomatic increased lead absorption or increased body lead burden prior to the appearance of actual lead poisoning.
Ergebnisse Der Bluttransfusionsforschung, Vol. X, edited by L. P. Hollander and M. Matthes. Basel, Switzerland: S. Karger, 1969, 348 pp., $18.95. (Distribution in the United States, Albert J. phiebig, P.O. Box 352, White Plains, New York 10602. In German.)
Authors: Diamond Louis K. 
Published: December 2021

This book is not meant to be a textbook about blood transfusion, but rather a compendium of the papers presented at the Proceeding of the thirteenth meeting of the German Organization for Blood Transfusion, which was held in Graz, Austria, May 15-18, 1968.
There are 41 articles, edited somewhat, on a wide variety of subjects concerned with blood transfusion, the storage of plasma proteins, erythroblastosis fetalis, plus a scattering of other papers about transfusions of both whole blood and blood fractions.
RECURRENT ABDOMINAL PAIN IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: Stone Robert T. , Barbero Giulio J. 
Published: December 2021

One hundred and two children with recurrent abdominal pain were studied and followed through hospitalization. The pain in this group was variable, with no consistent pattern in time, duration, and intensity. It was located in the periumbilical region in 50 of the patients. Associated symptoms frequently included headache, pallor, nausea, vomiting, constipation, dizziness, and poor appetite. The principal physical finding was tenderness on deep palpation over various sections of the abdomen. Proctoscopic findings in 88 of 90 patients examined were rectal dilatation, hyperemic areas, pallor, lymphoid hyperplasia, pellet stools, edema, and friability. There were no other abnormal laboratory or x-ray findings. Various behavioral manifestations were observed in this group of children. Some of the children were able to delineate points of stress as precipitants of episodes of pain.
During hospitalization there was total abatement of intestinal symptoms in 53% of the children and there was a decline in symptomatology in another 38%.
It is proposed that the abdominal manifestations of this group of patients can be described as the irritable bowel syndrome in childhood.
Limb Development and Deformity: Problems of Evaluation and Rehabilitation, edited by Chester A. Swinyard, M.D., Ph.D. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C Thomas. 1969, 672 pp., $ 19.25
Authors: Garrard Sterling D. 
Published: December 2021

This volume incorporates the papers and comments of 53 contributors to a colloquium on limb development and deformity which was held in the Netherlands in September 1963 in the aftermath of the thalidomide tragedy of 1959-1962.
The papers of the colloquium are grouped in sections under the following titles: normal limb development, experimental embryogenesis, genetic and exogenous induction of limb deformities, epidemiological studies, thalidomide-bio- chemistry and metabolism, morphological variations in thalidomide-related effects, orthopedic and prosthetic considerations, psychosocial problems and parental counseling, postnatal growth of the extremities, and related surgical problems.
EVALUATION OF THE ROUTINE PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF INFANTS IN THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE: REVIEW
Authors: Peebles Thomas C. 
Published: December 2021

This paper focuses attention once again on the appropriate role the pediatric assistant, nurse-practitioner, or pediatric associate may play in relieving the physician of some of the routines of physical examination. The relatively low yield (1.9%) of significant abnormalities detected by pediatricians in the course of routine physical examinations is studied during the first year of life. The assumption is made, but not documented, that, with appropriate training, paramedical personnel could detect these abnormalities.
The cost-effectiveness aspects of this question can no longer be ignored because of pressing necessity to reduce overall cost of pediatric care generally and to spread the administrative talents and diagnostic skills of the pediatrician to encompass the greater needs of health care in the United States. Purposely ignored here is the role of the physician in parent and early childhood education, support for parental anxiety, and reorientation of abnormal behavior in parents and infant. All of these are important issues and must not be neglected in the overall picture of care delivery. Yet, these aspects of routine care can perhaps be adequately met by a carefully planned and supervised program of reading, group discussions, and audiovisual education, together with appropriate referral by paramedical personnel on specific indication of parental or child need for physician attention. It is also apparent that the high yield in physical abnormalities is on examination during the newborn period and the first or second month. These may be the times for the pediatrician to establish personal contact with parents and baby so that delegation of the succeeding, more routine examinations to other members of the closely cooperating team may be effected as is appropriate to the physical and emotional situation.
SIMULTANEOUS OCCURRENCE OF RING "G" CHROMOSOME AND GROUP "B" PERICENTRIC INVERSION IN THE SAME INDIVIDUAL: CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Singer Howard , Scaife Nona Suzann 
Published: December 2021

A male infant with failure to thrive was found to have a previously unreported combination of chromosomal structural abnormalities. Evidence is presented which characterizes the abnormal chromosomes as a late-replicating G ring and a pericentric inversion in an early replicating B group chromosome. The mechanisms of pericentric inversion and ring formation are discussed, and possible genetic consequences are noted. The patient's phenotype differed significantly from that of previously reported subjects with G rings, G deletions, and structural abnormalities of the B group. This phenotypic difference could be attributed to the apparent fact that the proband's G ring was a late replicator (G1) and earlier cases were not, on to the seeming variability in ring size which suggested partial trisomy/partial monosomy, or perhaps to the probability that the abnormal B chromosome was pericentrically inverted rather than deleted.
The question of the etiologic significance of broken parental chromosomes must be raised, although more study is needed in the area of chromosome breakage, its relationship to abnormal progeny, and the possible role of environmental agents, e.g., drugs and irradiation.
DEVELOPMENTAL PATTERNS OF STATIC BALANCE ABILITY AND THEIR RELATION TO COGNITIVE SCHOOL READINESS
Authors: Kohen-Raz Reuven 
Published: December 2021

Developmental patterns of static balance ability in children at ages 5 to 9 years were assessed by using a technique of electronic ataxiametry, consisting of the measurement of body weight displacement by pressure transducers, mounted to four footplates, each to bear one heel or toe part. The obtained fluctuation and weight displacement scores for various postures, none lasting more than 20 seconds, turned out to correlate significantly with teacher's evaluation of school readiness, basic arithmetic skills, and reading achievement in samples of normal school children (one kindergarten, two first grades, two second grades, and one third grade; total, 206).
Girls who were prococious in static balance ability in relation to boys tended to show higher within sex group correlations between equilibrium control and school and reading readiness. A sample of 33 undifferentiated educationally handicapped pupils at age 9, having a generally but not significantly lower static balance ability in postures with occluded vision, was efficiently divided by ataxiametric scores into balance-impaired and balance-unimpaired subjects.
The study seems to throw new light on the role of maturational and organic factors in the etiology of learning difficulties in normal and educationally handicapped children at the primary grades.
Study of the Glycoregulation in the Obese Child
Authors: Loeb H. , Ooms H. A. , Wolter R. , Brunet N. 
Published: December 2021

The glucose kinetics are modified in obese children. This fact does not appear after an intravenous load of glucose, but it may be disclosed when the penetration of glucose into the cells is forced either by the oral administration of a large amount of glucose or by the neous intravenous injection of glucose and of a supramaximal dose of insulin.
The insulin response of the pancreas to oral glucose and intravenous tolbutamide is not significantly increased in obese children.
The rise of the fasting level of free fattyacids is significant, but the response of adipose tissue to glucose is comparable to that observed in normal children.
SHAKESPEARE AS A GENETICIST
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

William Hazlitt (1778-1830), the English essayist, once wrote:
If we wish to know the form of human genius, we should read Shakespeare. If we wish to know the insignificance of human learning, we may read his commentators.
Shakespeare often surprises us by his prescience about many medical discoveries which were not appreciated until centuries after his death. That he was cognizant of the rudiments of genetics seems clear from this passage from The Winter's Tale:
. . . Behold, my lords,
although the print be little, the whole matter and copy of the father; eye, nose, lip, the trick of's frown, his forehead, nay, the valley,
the pretty dimples of his chin and cheek, his smiles,
the very mould and frame of hand, nail, fingers... The Winter's Tale, I, Sc. 7
"Diaper Dermatitis" from Allergens Excreted in Urine
Authors: Keiter W. E. 
Published: December 2021

Discussions of "diaper dermatitis," although recognizing several categories, seem never to separate it into the pubic-perineal type as distinct from the peri-anal, belt-line, or generalized types. This topographical classification gives important clues as to its etiology and treatment.
In 1952 a little 1-month-old baby girl who was entirely breast fed, developed an unusually severe pubic-perineal "diaper dermatitis" which was refractory to any form of local treatment, including exposure to warm dry air without a diaper.
THE CREATININE HEIGHT INDEX: ITS USE IN THE ESTIMATION OF THE DEGREE OF PROTEIN DEPLETION AND REPLETION IN PROTEIN CALORIE MALNOURISHED CHILDREN
Authors: Viteri Fernando E. , Alvarado Jorge 
Published: December 2021

The creatinine height index (CHI), which consists of the following ratio:
CHI: 24 hour creatinine excretion of subject 24 hour creatinine excretion of normal child of same height
has been devised for estimating the relative muscle mass of children. Age is not considered because children of developing areas are very often retarded in height. The normal CHI is close to 1.0, both in well nourished children and in fully recovered malnourished ones, with heights ranging from 64.8 to 135 cm.
Protein calorie malnourished (PCM) children of the edematous type (kwashiorkor and kwashiorkormarasmus) had CHI's ranging from 0.25 to 0.75, lower CHI's were observed in more severely malnourished children and vice versa. In clinically marasmic children (PCM without edema) the CHI ranged from 0.33 to 0.85, independent of the degree of weight deficit or the clinical severity of marasmus, indicating that severe caloric deficiency can occur with a wide range of muscle wasting. No creatinine retention was observed in any PCM children with adequate urine flows.
Independent estimates of protein and calorie repletion were obtained during recovery by the use of CHI and weight for height. A significant negative correlation between CHI and N retention was found, indicating the physiological significance of the CHI in estimating protein nutrition.
"THERAPEUTIC ORPHANS" AND THE PACKAGE INSERT
Authors:   Committee on Drugs
Published: December 2021

In the practice of pediatrics, drugs which are not approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)* as safe and effective in children are prescribed daily. This is due in part to the fact that many drugs released since 1962 carry an "orphaning clause" in the package insert such as, "not to be used in children, since clinical studies have been insufficient to establish recommendations for its use." What is the status of the package insert? Is it a legal directive to the physician, or is it intended as a guide for the physician in prescribing a drug?
The package insert, by legal definition of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Law, is the official information piece for a drug. The information it contains is derived from data supplied by investigators and submitted by the pharmaceutical firm to the FDA. The insert is written and printed by the drug manufacturer, but its contents must be approved by the FDA. The Food, Drug and Cosmetic Law, as amended in 1962, requires full disclosure of all known facts pertaining to the use of the drug. Therefore, a great deal of information is included in the insert, including the chemical structure of the drug, a summary of its pharmacological and toxicological action, its clinical indications and contraindications, precautions, reported adverse reactions, dosage recommendations, and available dosage forms.
Many drugs have package inserts approved by the FDA before the Drug Amendments of 1962 when manufacturers were required to show the safety but not the effectiveness of their products.
GROUP A STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS IN NEWBORN NURSERIES
Authors: Geil Carol C. , Castle Wilma K. , Mortimer Edward A. 
Published: December 2021

Two outbreaks of group A streptococcal colonization of newborn infants over a 3-year period were observed. Manifestations of the outbreak included indolent oomphalitis in most infants, but two babies developed sepsis. Transmission to family members occurred after discharge in several instances. The offending strains were untypable by M protein precipitin techniques, but by T-agglutination techniques were identified as T28 in the first outbreak and T11/9 in the second out-break.
The origin of the first outbreak appeared to be an infant who acquired the strain from his mother's vaginal tract during delivery, but the origin of the second episode could not be identified. Perpetuation of the outbreaks appeared to be mediated by infant-to-infant transmission with the umbilical stump being the primary site of colonization.
Control of the first outbreak was not achieved until all infants with positive cultures were treated with penicillin and all exposed infants received prophylactic penicillin until a complete turnover of the nursery population occurred. This regimenfailed to eradicate the second outbreak, which was finally controlled by treating all affected infants with penicillin and applying bacitracin ointment to the umbilical stumps of all other infants for 15 days. It is possible that the difficulty in interrupting the second outbreak resulted from failure to identify a continuing carrier among personnel.
BOOK OF ACCIDENTS
Authors: Cone Thomas E. 
Published: December 2021

drownings are presently the third leading cause of accidental death of children living in the United States.1 This statistic gives grisly evidence of the need to alter the grossly distorted picture most parents offer their children about water. Daily in their bath children are led to believe that they are unsinkable. "See baby swim," and "Mother won't let water hurt him" is scarcely realistic education for the child's first accidental solo exposure to a body of water.2
Even today one would search long and hard to find a lesson about accidental drowning with the trenchant impact of the figure and lesson below.3
Modern readers will also note that the unknown author of this little book was well aware of two well known facts about drowning; namely, that males drown far more frequently than do females (the incidence is 4:1), and that in the majority of drownings, the boy gets into trouble because of "not being sensible of the danger of water."
Letter To The Editor
Authors: Stowens Daniel 
Published: December 2021

The article "Recurrent Abdominal Pain" by Drs. Stone and Barbero contains data of such importance that comment appears mandatory.
Under the section "X-ray and Laboratory Studies" the following is included: "An electroencephalogram was obtained in 70% of the patients. Of these 7% were described as epileptiform. Of the remainder, findings such as 14 and 6 per second spikes were reported in 16%, and instances of excess fast and slow activity were mentioned in 36%."
It is apparent that significant electroencephalognaphic abnormalities were present in approximately 50% of the patients on whom this examination was performed.