bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan Modul Konsep Mol Berbasis Pendekatan Saintifik dengan Pertanyaan Probing dan Prompting untuk Kelas X SMA/MA
Authors: Yona Putri , Ellizar Ellizar 
Published: June 2021

Chemistry modules based on a scientific approach based on probing-prompting questions are designed in such a way as to increase student motivation so as to create an active learning atmosphere, in this way it can make it easier for students to understand the concepts that must be mastered in the mole concept material. The purpose of this research is to produce a product in the form of a module based on a scientific approach applying the probing-prompting technique to the mole concept material and to reveal the level of validity and practicality of the modules created. These types of research are research and development (R&D) using the plomp model and include three stages, namely the initial research stage, the concept formation stage, the assessment stage. In this study, the module validity test was conducted by five validators, namely two chemistry lecturers and three chemistry teachers. The practicality test was carried out by three chemistry teachers and 18 chemistry students at SMA Negeri 2 Batusangkar. The data analysis technique on the validity uses the Aiken's V scale of 0.83 and the data analysis technique in practicality using descriptive statistics is obtained a value of 0.88.The resulting module is based on the iliah method which is equipped with probing prompting questions.The resulting module is based on scientific methods equipped with probing-prompting questions, so that it can be concluded that it is practical and valid. Modul kimia berbasis pendekatan saintifik berdasarkan pertanyaan probing-prompting dirancang sedemikian rupa sehingga meningkatkan motivasi siswa sehingga terciptanya suasana belajar yang aktif, dengan cara ini dapat memudahkan siswa dalam memahami konsep konsep yang harus dikuasai dalam materi konsep mol. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan produk dalam bentuk modul berbasis pendekatan saintifik menerapkan teknik probing-prompting pada materi konsep mol dan mengungkap tingkat validitas dan kepraktikalitas modul yang dibuat. Jenis-jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) dengan menggunakan model plomp dan meliputi tiga tahap yaitu tahap penelitian awal, tahap pembentukan konsep, tahap penilaian. Dalam penelitian ini, uji validitas modul dilakukan oleh lima orang validator, yaitu dua orang dosen kimia dan tiga orang guru kimia. Uji kepraktisan dilakukan oleh tiga orang guru kimia dan 18 orang siswa kimia SMA Negeri 2 Batusangkar. Teknik analisa data pada validitas menggunakan skala Aiken’s V sebesar 0,83 dan teknik analisa data pada praktikalitas menggunakan statistic descriptive diperoleh nilai sebesar 0,88 Modul yang dihasilkan didasarkan pada metode ilmiah yang dilengkapi dengan pertanyaan probing-prompting modul yang dihasilkan didasarkan pada metode ilmiah yang dilengkapi dengan pertanyaan probing-prompting, sehingga dapat disimpulkan praktis dan valid.
Pengembangan E-Modul Klasifikasi Materi dan Perubahannya Berbasis Pendekatan Saintifik pada Kelas VII SMP/MTs
Authors: Christina S. Winda Melfa , Hardeli Hardeli 
Published: June 2021

This research is motivated by the Covid-19 pandemic which requires the learning process that should take place at school to be transferred to at home. The purpose of this study was to develop an e-module for material classification and its changes based on a scientific approach for seventh grade junior high schools. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) or development research with a 4-D development model. To produce E-module, the validity and practicality tests were carried out with the research instrument used, namely the validity questionnaire, the results of which were analyzed using the Kappa Cohen formula. This study produced an e-module of material classification and its changes based on a scientific approach with the average data obtained with the kappa moment of 0.88 with a very high level of validity, while the results of the teacher practicality test and the practicality test of students obtained the average kappa moment ( k) 0,86 and 0,87, respectively, with a very high level of practicality. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pandemi Covid-19 yang mengharuskan proses pembelajaran yang seharusnya berlangsung di sekolah dialihkan menjadi di rumah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan e-modul klasifikasi materi dan perubahannya berbasis pendekatan saintifik untuk kelas VII SMP/MTs. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu Research and Development (R&D) atau penelitian pengembangan dengan model pengembangan 4-D. Untuk menghasilkan E-modul yang standar dan sesuai kebutuhan, maka dilakukan uji validitas dan uji praktikalitas. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan yaitu angket validitas yang hasilnya akan dianalisis menggunakan formula Kappa Cohen. Penelitian ini telah menghasilkan e-modul klasifikasi materi dan perubahannya berbasis pendekatan saintifik diperoleh nilai momen kappa sebesar 0,88 dengan kategori sangat tinggi, sedangkan hasil uji praktikalitas guru dan uji praktikalitas peserta didik diperoleh rata-rata momen kappa (k) secara berturut-turut 0,86 dan 0,87 dengan kategori sangat tinggi.
Pengembangan Modul Asam dan Basa Berbasis Pendekatan Saintifik dengan Pertanyaan Probing dan Prompting untuk Kelas XI SMA/MA
Authors: Marlenza Ticha , Ellizar Ellizar 
Published: June 2021

Research and development (R&D) is a research to develop and produce new products. R&D is used in this research to produce a new product in the form of a scientific approach module using probing and prompting questions on acid and alkaline materials along with revealing the validity and practicality of the module using 4-D development model. There are 4 steps taken, namely Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. Time and cost limitations prevent the disseminate stage from being realized. Questionnaires for validity and practicality are instruments used in collecting data. Using the Aiken's V formula in data analysis, the validity category was obtained for the validity test with an average V value of 0.90. For the practicality test of the teacher and students, the very practical category was obtained with an average percentage of practicality of 87% and 85%, respectively. From the results of the study, it was concluded that the module was declared practical and was also valid for use in the learning process. This research is suggested to the next researchers who are interested in conducting further research in order to reveal what has not been done in this research. Penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) merupakan suatu penelitian untuk mengembangkan dan menghasilkan produk baru. R&D digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk menghasilkan produk baru berbentuk modul pendekatan saintifik menggunakan pertanyaan probing dan prompting pada materi asam dan basa disertai mengungkap kevalidan dan kepraktisan modul menggunakan model pengembangan 4-D. Ada 4 tahapan yang dilakukan, yaitu Define, Design, Develop, dan Disseminate. Keterbatasan waktu dan biaya menyebabkan tahap disseminate tidak terealisasi. Angket validitas dan praktikalitas adalah instrumen yang digunakan dalam mengumpulkan data. Menggunakan formula Aiken’s V dalam analisa data diperoleh kategori valid untuk uji validitas dengan nilai V rata-rata sebesar 0,90. Untuk uji praktikalitas dari guru dan siswa diperoleh kategori sangat praktis dengan rata-rata persentase praktikalitas masing-masing sebesar 87% dan 85%. Dari hasil penelitian, disimpulkan bahwa modul pendekatan saintifik yang menggunakan pertanyaan probing dan prompting materi asam dan basa dinyatakan praktis dan juga sudah valid digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini disarankan kepada peneliti berikutnya yang berminat melakukan penelitian lebih lanjut agar dapat mengungkapkan hal yang belum dilakukan dalam penelitian ini.
Exploration of serum cardiac troponin I as a biomarker of cardiomyopathy in southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis)
Authors: Moriarty Megan E. , Miller Melissa A. , Murray Michael J. , Duignan Pádraig J. , Gunther-Harrington Catherine T. , Field Cara L. , Adams Lance M. , Schmitt Todd L. , Johnson Christine K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To compare serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations between sea otters with and without cardiomyopathy and describe 2 cases of cardiomyopathy with different etiologies.

ANIMALS
25 free-ranging southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) with (n = 14; cases) and without (11; controls) cardiomyopathy and 17 healthy managed southern sea otters from aquariums or rehabilitation centers (controls).

PROCEDURES
Serum cTnI concentration was measured in live sea otters. Histopathologic and gross necropsy findings were used to classify cardiomyopathy status in free-ranging otters; physical examination and echocardiography were used to assess health status of managed otters. Two otters received extensive medical evaluations under managed care, including diagnostic imaging, serial cTnI concentration measurement, and necropsy.

RESULTS
A significant difference in cTnI concentrations was observed between cases and both control groups, with median values of 0.279 ng/mL for cases and < 0.006 ng/mL for free-ranging and managed controls. A cutoff value of ≥ 0.037 ng/mL yielded respective sensitivity and specificity estimates for detection of cardiomyopathy of 64.3% and 90.9% for free-ranging cases versus free-ranging controls and 64.3% and 94.1% for free-ranging cases versus managed controls.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Cardiomyopathy is a common cause of sea otter death that has been associated with domoic acid exposure and protozoal infection. Antemortem diagnostic tests are needed to identify cardiac damage. Results suggested that serum cTnI concentration has promise as a biomarker for detection of cardiomyopathy in sea otters. Serial cTnI concentration measurements and diagnostic imaging are recommended to improve heart disease diagnosis in managed care settings.
Comparison of sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles and perfluorobutane for performance of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of the pancreas in dogs
Authors: Park Seungjo , Je Hyejin , Jang Seolyn , Choi Bo-Kwon , Lee Eunji , Lee Suhyun , Choi Jihye 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To compare qualitative features and quantitative parameters of 2 contrast agents (sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles [SHM; SonoVue] and perfluoro-butane [PFB; Sonazoid]) for performance of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) of the pancreas in dogs.

ANIMALS
8 healthy Beagles.

PROCEDURES
In a crossover study design, CEUS of the pancreas was performed twice in each dog, once with SHM and once with PFB, in random order with at least 3 days between examinations. The recorded cine images were qualitatively assessed for homogeneity of pancreatic enhancement and conspicuity of the pancreatic signal relative to the background. For the quantitative assessment, circular regions of interest were placed over the pancreatic body, and a time-intensity curve was obtained. For each region of interest, CEUS parameters including peak intensity (PI), time to peak pancreatic enhancement, area under the curve (AUC), and wash-in rate were obtained.

RESULTS
The homogeneity of the pancreatic parenchyma was not significantly different between contrast agents. The signal conspicuity relative to background noise was significantly higher with PFB than with SHM. Mean values of PI, wash-in rate, and AUC were significantly higher with PFB than with SHM. Time to peak enhancement was not significantly different between contrast agents.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Pancreatic CEUS with SHM and PFB produced similar homogeneity scores, but only PFB provided excellent signal conspicuity. Perfluorobutane produced higher values of PI, wash-in rate, and AUC. Findings indicated that PFB can provide homogeneous and strong enhancement of the pancreas during CEUS in healthy dogs and that pancreatic CEUS parameter values differ with the contrast agent used.
Pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime in Northern leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens) at two different doses and administration routes
Authors: Hawkins Shawna J. , Cox Sherry K. , Sladky Kurt K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To determine an optimal ceftazidime dosing strategy in Northern leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens) by evaluation of 2 different doses administered SC and 1 dose administered transcutaneously.

ANIMALS
44 Northern leopard frogs (including 10 that were replaced).

PROCEDURES
Ceftazidime was administered to frogs SC in a forelimb at 20 mg/kg (n = 10; SC20 group) and 40 mg/kg (10; SC40 group) or transcutaneously on the cranial dorsum at 20 mg/kg (10; TC20 group). Two frogs in each ceftazidime group were euthanized 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after drug administration. Plasma, renal, and skin concentrations of ceftazidime were measured by means of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Four control frogs were used for assay validation.

RESULTS
Mean plasma half-life of ceftazidime in the SC20, SC40, and TC20 groups was 9.01 hours, 14.49 hours, and too low to determine, respectively. Mean maximum plasma ceftazidime concentration was 92.9, 96.0, and 1.3 μg/mL, respectively. For 24 hours after drug administration in the SC20 and SC40 groups, plasma ceftazidime concentration exceeded 8 μg/mL. Renal and skin concentrations were detectable at both doses and routes of administration; however, skin concentrations were significantly lower than renal and plasma concentrations.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Findings indicated that ceftazidime administration to Northern leopard frogs at 20 mg/kg, SC, every 24 hours would achieve a plasma concentration exceeding the value considered effective against common amphibian pathogens. Transcutaneous administration of the injectable ceftazidime formulation at 20 mg/kg warrants further investigation but is not currently recommended because of a potential lack of efficacy.
Evaluation of the sublingual microcirculation with sidestream dark field video microscopy in horses anesthetized for an elective procedure or intestinal surgery
Authors: Mansour Christelle , Chaaya Rana , Sredensek Jerneja , Mocci Rita , Santangelo Bruna , Allaouchiche Bernard , Bonnet-Garin Jeanne-Marie M. , Boselli Emmanuel , Junot Stéphane A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To compare the sublingual microcirculation between healthy horses anesthetized for elective procedures and horses with colic anesthetized for abdominal surgery and to determine the effect of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) on the microcirculation.

ANIMALS
9 horses in the elective group and 8 horses in the colic group.

PROCEDURES
Sublingual microcirculation was assessed with sidestream dark field video microscopy. Videos were captured at 3 time points during anesthesia. Recorded microvasculature parameters were De Backer score (DBS), total density of perfused vessels (PVD) and small vessels (PVD-S), total proportion of perfused vessels (PPV) and small vessels (PPV-S), vascular flow index (MFI), and heterogeneity index (HI). Blood pressure during hypotensive (MAP < 60 mm Hg) and normotensive (MAP ≥ 60 mm Hg) episodes was also recorded.

RESULTS
During normotensive episodes, the elective group had significantly better PPV and PPV-S versus the colic group (median PPV, 76% vs 50%; median PPV-S, 73% vs 51%). In both groups, PPV decreased during anesthesia (elective group, −29%; colic group, −16%) but significantly improved in the elective group 15 minutes before the end of anesthesia (59%). During hypotensive episodes, PVD-S was better preserved in the colic group (11.1 vs 3.8 mm/mm2). No differences were identified for the microcirculatory parameters between normo- and hypotensive episodes in the colic group.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Sublingual microcirculation was better preserved in healthy horses anesthetized for elective procedures than in horses with colic anesthetized for abdominal surgery despite resuscitation maneuvers. Results indicated that the macrocirculation and microcirculation in critically ill horses may be independent.
Analysis of genes associated with proinflammatory and profibrotic pathways upregulated in ischemia-induced chronic kidney disease in cats
Authors: Lourenço Bianca N. , Schmiedt Chad W. , Alabady Magdy S. , Stanton James B. , Coleman Amanda E. , Brown Cathy A. , Rissi Daniel R. , Brown Scott A. , Tarigo Jaime L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To use RNA sequencing (RNAseq) to characterize renal transcriptional activities of genes associated with proinflammatory and profibrotic pathways in ischemia-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats.

SAMPLES
Banked renal tissues from 6 cats with experimentally induced CKD (renal ischemia [RI] group) and 9 healthy cats (control group).

PROCEDURES
Transcriptome analysis with RNAseq, followed by gene ontology and cluster analyses, were performed on banked tissue samples of the right kidneys (control kidneys) from cats in the control group and of both kidneys from cats in the RI group, in which unilateral (right) RI had been induced 6 months before the cats were euthanized and the ischemic kidneys (IKs) and contralateral nonischemic kidneys (CNIKs) were harvested. Results for the IKs, CNIKs, and control kidneys were compared to identify potential differentially expressed genes and overrepresented proinflammatory and profibrotic pathways.

RESULTS
Genes from the gene ontology pathways of collagen binding (eg, transforming growth factor-β1), metalloendopeptidase activity (eg, metalloproteinase [MMP]-7, MMP-9, MMP-11, MMP-13, MMP-16, MMP-23B, and MMP-28), chemokine activity, and T-cell migration were overrepresented as upregulated in tissue samples of the IKs versus control kidneys. Genes associated with the extracellular matrix (eg, TIMP-1, fibulin-1, secreted phosphoprotein-1, matrix Gla protein, and connective tissue growth factor) were upregulated in tissue samples from both the IKs and CNIKs, compared with tissues from the control kidneys.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Unilateral ischemic injury differentially altered gene expression in both kidneys, compared with control kidneys. Fibulin-1, secreted phosphoprotein-1, and matrix Gla protein may be candidate biomarkers of active kidney injury in cats.
First Evidence of Presence of Varroa underwoodi Mites on Native Apis cerana Colonies in Primorsky Territory of Russia Based on COX1 Gene
Authors: Ilyasov Rustem A. , Takahashi Jun-ichi , Proshchalykin Maxim Y. , Lelej Arkady S. , Lee Myeong-lyeol , Kwon Hyung Wook , Nikolenko Alexey G. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The species of genus Varroa mites parasitize on the honey bees of genus Apis. Unlike the well-studied V. destructor and V. jacobsoni mites, V. underwoodi remain less known. According to English language publications, the proven V. underwoodi distribution area of A. cerana colonies covers Nepal, South Korea, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Vietnam and China, but not Russia even though it had been described morphometrically in Russian language publications in Russia's Primorsky Territory. According to Vavilov's law (1920) of a homologous series, all the species of V. underwoodi, V. destructor and V. jacobsoni have the ability to spill over onto new hosts. Thus, V. underwoodi is a potential parasite of A. mellifera that should be carefully studied. In this study, V. underwoodi mites in colonies of honey bee subspecies A. c. ussuriensis native to Russia's Primorsky Territory are first proven using both morphometry and mitochondrial COX1 gene sequencing. The genetic divergence and p-distances between V. underwoodi and other Varroa species ranged from 7 to 10% and from 0.072 to 0.099, respectively, which matched the intraspecific level of differences. Two identical northernmost V. underwoodi samples from Russia's Primorsky Territory and China's Jilin province with GenBank accession number MH205176 were assigned as COX1 haplotype China 1 MH205176. The first discovery of V. underwoodi in the Primorsky Territory in northern Asia outlined the northern border of its range.
Semmes-Weinstein monofilament: A tool to quantify skin sensation in macular lesions for leprosy diagnosis
Authors: Frade Marco Andrey Cipriani , Rosa Dario Júnior de Freitas , Bernardes Filho Fred , Spencer John Stewart , Foss Norma T. 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:Hypochromatic macules with altered sensitivity are the first manifestations of skin leprosy. Validation of this sensory loss assists in the confirmation of the clinical diagnosis.Aims:The aim of the study was to quantify the loss of sensation in leprosy lesions using the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament to strengthen the clinical diagnosis mainly of macular forms.Methods:Seventy-four hypochromatic macules in the macular leprosy subgroup, 27 typical borderline leprosy subgroup lesions and 49 macules of other macular dermatoses (non-leprosy group) were evaluated using the 0.05 g force Semmes-Weinstein monofilament to quantify the alteration of sensitivity within and outside of the lesions. The esthesiometric change index was established as the total number of points with altered sensation divided by the total number of tested points within the lesions to calculate the internal esthesiometric change index and outside the lesions to calculate the peripheral esthesiometric change index; these indexes were calculated for all groups. The difference (Δ) between the esthesiometric change indices of the lesional area and the adjacent skin was calculated for the leprosy and nonleprosy groups.Results:The percentage of points with touch sensitivity alterations within the macular and typical borderline leprosy lesions was higher in leprosy than in the non-leprosy group. The borderline and macular leprosy presented higher esthesiometric change index within injured areas than outside injured areas or in the nonleprosy group (P< 0.005). When internal esthesiometric change index values in the macular and borderline leprosy groups were higher than 0.53 and 0.5, respectively, the receiver operating characteristic curve showed 98% sensitivity and approximately 99% specificity for both groups (P< 0.0001). Regarding the difference between indices, borderline and macular leprosy had values that were higher and closer to one than in the nonleprosy group (P< 0.0001), with 100% sensitivity and 96.5% specificity for leprosy diagnosis when ΔLG was higher than 0.34. A limitation was the inability to perform a double-blind study.Conclusion:Semmes-Weinstein esthesiometry is a simple, useful and low-cost tool to quantify the focal alteration of cutaneous sensitivity to improve clinical leprosy diagnosis, especially for macular lesions.
Empreendimentos comerciais e a “questão indígena” nos sertões de Minas Gerais (1847-1860)
Authors: Silva Weder Ferreira da 
Published: June 2021

A Companhia do Mucuri, fundada em 1847 pelo renomado político liberal Teófilo Benedito Ottoni, foi criada em um período de intensa atividade comercial e financeira no Brasil Imperial. Para colocar em prática o ambicioso projeto de comércio e navegação a vapor que interligaria a província de Minas Ã praça comercial do Rio de Janeiro, o diretor da Companhia empreendeu a conquista de uma região até então habitada pelos temidos índios botocudo. O presente trabalho pretende abordar as estratégias de cooptação do apoio da população autóctone para o empreendimento capitalista. Pretendemos destacar ainda as ambivalências do processo de assimilação das populações indígenas e sua interface com a dilatação das fronteiras e da modernização do Brasil do século XIX.