bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the nutritive status in cancer patients of the palliative care department
Authors: Kurchenkova О. V. , Harlamova U. V. , Abdalov A. О. , Samodurov S. I. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Nutritional status disorders are common among cancer patients. These disorders significantly reduce the quality of life and worsen the prognosis. Objective: to assess the prevalence of trophic insufficiency in palliative care cancer patients.Materials and methods. An observational, analytical, single-stage (crosssectional) study was conducted, which included 106 cancer patients of a palliative profile. The patients underwent laboratory and instrumental examination, a comprehensive assessment of the trophic status. Results. 77 (72.6%) of the examined patients showed signs of nutritional deficiency. Signs of hypotrophy were found in 19 patients. Hypotrophy of the III degree was not detected in any of the cases, of the II degree — in 4 patients, of the I degree — in 15 patients. Normal or elevated body mass index in some cases is associated with a violation of the nutritional status. A detailed study of the trophic status in cancer patients with palliative profile showed a different significance of each criterion studied. The study of the level of total protein (χ²=1.07, p=0.348), albumin (χ² =7.42, p=0.006), the number of peripheral blood lymphocytes (χ²=12.61, p=0.0004) allowed more often to diagnose a violation of the nutritional status in comparison with somatometric indicators (χ² =2.07, p=0.153) and the value of transferin (χ² =1.07, p=0.348). The study of variants of the combination of reduced indicators of nutritional status in the examined group of patients showed that the use of one criterion in isolation from other clinical and laboratory indicators will lead to underdiagnosis and underestimation of the severity of trophic disorders.Conclusion. In cancer patients with a palliative profile, nutritional disorders are detected with a high frequency. Somatometric indicators of nutritional status do not fully reflect the presence of trophic disorders. A decrease in the level of albumin, total protein, and the number of peripheral blood lymphocytes makes it possible to more often diagnose a violation of the nutritional status in the studied group of patients. However, none of the criteria for nutritional insufficiency can be used in isolation.
Biological markers as predictors of postoperative neurocognitive disorders
Authors: Basenko О. М. , Astakhov А. А. , Sinitzky А. I. , Voroshin D G. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction.The literature review presents new definitions of the concepts of postoperative cognitive dysfunctions, taking into account the new nomenclature according to DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders, fifth edition — Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edition) and time of their manifestations, depending on the age of the surgical intervention performed. The main discussed tactical aspects of the anesthesiologist's management of patients at risk of cognitive impairment in the postoperative period are outlined. The main biological markers, predictors of the development of cognitive postoperative disorders, are emphasized.Aim of the study:to highlight the main discussed tactical points of anesthesiologist's management of patients, to outline more promising aspects of biochemical laboratory diagnosis of postoperative neurocognitive disorders.Materials and methods. The data were analyzed and systematized based on scientific publications in the general PubMed database for the period 2016-2020.Results and discussion.New research advances in the search for biological targets, markers and predictors of postoperative neurocognitive disorders at the molecular level are presented, allowing a more precise impact on the pathogenetic mechanisms of neuronal inflammation and assessment of the potential damage to the cognitive status of the patient. The paper outlines more promising aspects of biochemical laboratory diagnosis using markers of innate immunity response to surgical trauma and the resulting systemic inflammation.Conclusion.Problems requiring further study to find pathogenetic therapy for postoperative neurocognitive disorders have been identified.
Mujeres modernas. El lucir y el comunicar en la Colombia del siglo XX
Authors: Ramos-López Ángela , Zapata-Villamil Maria Isabel 
Published: July 2021

En este artículo partiremos del concepto de género y su relación con la definición y construcción cultural que se da de este a partir de lo comunicativo y expresivo que implica. En este sentido el problema de la comunicación nos interesa no solo porque nuestras fuentes están principalmente en los medios, sino porque la representación y el género se construyen desde lo comunicativo. Nuestra pregunta guía es cómo se han constituido las adscripciones sobre la construcción de lo femenino durante el período de 1886 a 1945, a través de la historia cultural y la cultura visual como ejes centrales del análisis de las imágenes de los avisos publicitarios y los artículos de las revistas de la época. Por consiguiente, este artículo tiene el propósito de exponer cómo a las mujeres se le imponían modas, desde vestidos, perfumes, peinados hasta maquillajes. Detrás de estos elementos estaban estilos de vida y comportamientos en los que la sociedad centraba lo que se pensaba significaba ser mujer, enfocándola principalmente en agradar y complacer al hombre.
Training health workers to provide person-centred maternal and newborn health care in Burkina Faso
Authors: Perkins Janet , Bargo Aminata , Capello Cecilia , Santarelli Carlo 
Published: July 2021

Assuring the provision of person-centred care is critical in maternal and newborn health (MNH). As a component of the national strategy to improve MNH, Burkina Faso Ministry of Health, supported by Enfants du Monde, La Fondation pour le Développement Communautaire/Burkina Faso and UNFPA, is implementing the World Health Organization’s (WHO) framework for Working with Individuals, Families and Communities (IFC) to improve MNH. As a first step in district implementation, participatory community assessments were conducted. These assessments consistently revealed that poor interactions with healthcare providers posed one important barrier preventing women from seeking MNH services. In order to address this barrier, healthcare providers were trained to improve their interpersonal skills and in counselling women. During 2011-12 a total of 175 personnel were trained over a 5-day course developed using a WHO manual. The course was met with enthusiasm as providers expressed their need and desire for such training. Immediate post-test results revealed an impressive increase in knowledge and anecdotal evidence suggests that training has influenced provider’s behaviours in their interactions with women. In addition, health care providers are taking concrete action to build the capabilities of women to experience pregnancy and birth safely by engaging directly with communities. While early findings are promising, an evaluation will be necessary to measure how the training has influenced practices, whether this translates into a shift of perceptions at community level and ultimately its contribution toward promoting person-centred care in Burkina Faso.
Quick Screen to Detect Current and Future Substance Use Disorder in Adolescent Females
Authors: Kirisci Levent , Reynolds Maureen , Tartar Ralph 
Published: July 2021

Background. Prevention of substance use disorder (SUD) is impeded by the large number, complexity and idiosyncratic configuration of etiological factors. Effective prevention of SUD is feasible however when intervention resources are prioritized to individuals who are objectively determined high risk and tailored to their specific characteristics and circumstances.Objective. This study had the aim of developing a rapid accurate screening instrument for determining current presence of and future risk for SUD. Methods. The sample consisted of 182 girls recruited when they were 10-12 years of age and tracked to 22 years of age. From a large item pool the Drug Use Screening Inventory Quick Screen for Females (DQS-F) was derived consisting of the Substance Involvement Index and the Problem Severity Index.Results. The DQS for Females (DQS-F) has high sensitivity for identifying girls who currently qualify for SUD diagnosis. Furthermore, accuracy of predicting future SUD with the DQS-F is in the good range at age 16 and in the very good range at age 19.Conclusions. Requiring only three minutes for administration on the Web the DQS-F is an efficient method for identifying girls requiring thorough assessment prior to implementing individualized intervention.
The CEPAMET Approach to Teaching Communication Skills to Medical Students
Authors: Brajkovic Lavorka 
Published: July 2021

Person-centred medicine has seen an enthusiastic advancement in the last five years in Croatia. Among other developments, a multitude of programs were introduced to the curriculum of the University of Zagreb School of Medicine at the undergraduate and post-graduate levels, with the aim of perfecting the curriculum to reflect the concepts of person-centred medicine. The Centre for Palliative Medicine, Medical Ethics, and Communication Skills (CEPAMET) was founded as part of the University of Zagreb, School of Medicine. It is within this centre that the education of students and healthcare professionals takes place on the topic of communication in medicine and the person-centred medical interview. Person-centred medicine relies on strong teamwork, and teamwork is a subject of interest of CEPAMET. The interdisciplinary team is one of the most widely accepted innovations in the delivery of health care and social services. It is important to identify the competencies related to effective teamwork within a health service workplace, such as interpersonal skills and professionalism, interactions with patients and family, and mentoring/teaching students.
Patterns of and Copying with Cyberbullying in Croatia
Authors: Flander Gordana Buljan , Stimac Domagoj , Bagaric Ella Selak , Vinscak Maks 
Published: July 2021

Aims. Children’s online activities can result in serious consequences in their offline lives. Although Facebook is one of the biggest and most popular social networks in the world, there is little scientific research on cyberbullying via this social network because it is a new phenomenon. This study had the aim of examining children's behavior and experiences of violence on the Facebook social network. This seems to be the first research on cyberbullying on social networks in Croatia.Methods. Data presented in this paper were collected as part of an extensive research project conducted in 2013 by NGO Brave Phone and The Child Protection Center of Zagreb. The sample consisted of 1,489 children in Croatia aged 11 to 18 in rural and urban areas that completed the Scale of Victimization on Facebook and Scale of Committing Violence via Facebook.Results. Our results show that the average age when cyberbullying is most prevalent is between the ages of 15 and 16. In the overall sample, 12.1% of them experience abuse on Facebook, while 9.6% of them are abusive. The analysis of the children who were involved in abuse on Facebook in any way, showed that 44.4% of them experienced abuse, 29.7% showed abusive behavior, while 25.9% of children both experienced abuse and were abusive on Facebook. Victims are mostly girls (60%), while boys commit cyberbullying more often (62%). Also, 58% of mixed cybervictims and cyberbullies are boys.Discussion. The results of prevalence of cyberbullying in our study are similar to those of previous population based studies. It is important to point out that although the prevalence of bullying was high; it is mostly a rare experience for the majority of children.Conclusions. Cyberbullying is a serious and growing problem and the academic community has to continue with the extensive research and development of practical prevention and intervention programs. Future research aimed at examining methods of coping with negative experiences on the Internet is necessary and there is a strong need for more research considering coping strategies of adolescents struggling with cyber victimization.
Research and Policy Synergism for Advancing People-centered Care in Thailand
Authors: Pongsupap Yongyuth 
Published: July 2021

Thailand’s health system, dating back to the 1880s, was traditionally anchored in hospital medicine. Thus, when the family medicine concept was introduced in the 1980s, it was immediately perceived as relating to a hospital-based doctor without a specific specialization. Workforce is a crucial issue for the reform. Overall shortage of human resources is not the only issue. In each facility there should be staff fit to function. The question of human resources can indeed be tackled only when there is an agreement on what is expected from first line services that are close to the population.When the push for universal health coverage gained political momentum starting in Ayutthaya province, in the 1990s, primary care reform became necessary and urgent. It was within this context that person-centered care, family medicine, and community-based care finally made headway in Thailand’s hospital-centered medical culture. A strategy which proved instrumental in facilitating the reforms was that of ‘demonstration’ and ‘diffusion’. The idea behind the ‘demonstration health centers’ was to develop and display the family practice concept in a few selected areas in order to stimulate interest and demand for primary health care towards person- and people-centered care [1,2]. When the universal coverage policy was adopted some years later, family practice as a cornerstone for health sector development had already proven its worth and was therefore taken up as a tested model of care.
Patterns and Prospects for the Implementation of Person-Centered Primary Care and People-Centered Public Health
Authors: Appleyard James , Botbol Michel , Epperly Ted , Ghebrehiwet Tesfamicael , Grove Joanna , Mezzich Juan E. , Rawaf Salman , Salloum Ihsan M , Snaedal Jon , Van Dulmen Sandra 
Published: July 2021

Primary care and public health have a shared goal of health improvement for each person and their populations. Public health isthe science and art of promoting health, preventing disease and prolonging life (adding life to years and years to life) through the organized efforts of society. Public health needs to be person- and people- centered taking into account the biomedical, social, cultural, psychological, and spiritual elements that are crucial to understanding the whole person and the community at large.This paper provides a review of the International College of Person Centred Medicine’s Declarations, which have formed a platform for the development of the ICPCM’s London Declaration on Primary Care and Public Health. Person-Centered Primary Health Care is by its very nature integrative by involving a broad knowledge of all sectors of health care and a strong understanding of community resources and other social determinants of health.Through trusted and healing relationships, a person-centered approach with people over time can achieve the required integration and coordination of care that leads to better health, effective health care and lower cost. Systems of care need to be built around primary care as the core foundational element to ensure that all people are seen and helped at the right time, by the right providers, for the right reasons, and in the right locations. By integrating primary, secondary, tertiary, preventive, and end-of-life care, we will collectively produce healthier persons, healthier people, and healthier nations. The London Declaration sets out a 10-point plan to achieve this by establishing a shared goal of improvement in the health and well being of the population through person and people centered primary care and public health.
Repurposing eflornithine to treat a patient with a rare ODC1 gain-of-function variant disease
Authors: Rajasekaran Surender , Bupp Caleb P , Leimanis-Laurens Mara , Shukla Ankit , Russell Christopher , Junewick Joseph , Gleason Emily , VanSickle Elizabeth A , Edgerly Yvonne , Wittmann Bryan M , Prokop Jeremy W , Bachmann André S 
Published: July 2021

Background:Polyamine levels are intricately controlled by biosynthetic, catabolic enzymes and antizymes. The complexity suggests that minute alterations in levels lead to profound abnormalities. We described the therapeutic course for a rare syndrome diagnosed by whole exome sequencing caused by gain-of-function variants in the C-terminus of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), characterized by neurological deficits and alopecia.Methods:N-acetylputrescine levels with other metabolites were measured using ultra-performance liquid chromatography paired with mass spectrometry and Z-scores established against a reference cohort of 866 children.Results:From previous studies and metabolic profiles, eflornithine was identified as potentially beneficial with therapy initiated on FDA approval. Eflornithine normalized polyamine levels without disrupting other pathways. She demonstrated remarkable improvement in both neurological symptoms and cortical architecture. She gained fine motor skills with the capacity to feed herself and sit with support.Conclusions:This work highlights the strategy of repurposing drugs to treat a rare disease.Funding:No external funding was received for this work.
Network pharmacology to investigate the pharmacological mechanisms of muscone in Xingnaojing injections for the treatment of severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Liu Zhuohang , Li Hang , Ma Wenchao , Pan Shuyi 
Published: July 2021

Background
Xingnaojing injections (XNJI) are widely used in Chinese medicine to mitigate brain injuries. An increasing number of studies have shown that XNJI may improve neurological function. However, XNJI’s active ingredients and molecular mechanisms when treating traumatic brain injury (TBI) are unknown.

Methods
XNJI’s chemical composition was acquisited from literature and the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. We used the “absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion” (ADME) parameter-based virtual algorithm to further identify the bioactive components. We then screened data and obtained target information regarding TBI and treatment compounds from public databases. Using a Venn diagram, we intersected the information to determine the hub targets. Cytoscape was used to construct and visualize the network. In accordance with the hub proteins, we then created a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network using STRING 11.0. Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were analyzed according to the DAVID bioinformatics resource database (ver. 6.8). We validated the predicted compound’s efficacy using the experimental rat chronic constriction injury (CCI) model. The neuronal apoptosis was located using the TUNEL assay and the related pathways’ hub proteins were determined by PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemical staining.

Results
We identified 173 targets and 35 potential compounds belonging to XNJI. STRING analysis was used to illustrate the protein–protein interactions and show that muscone played a fundamental role in XNJI’s efficacy. Enrichment analysis revealed critical signaling pathways in these components’ potential protein targets, including PI3K/AKT1, NF-kB, and p53. Moreover, the hub proteins CASP3, BCL2L1, and CASP8 were also involved in apoptosis and were associated with PI3K/AKT, NF-kB, and p53 signaling pathways. We showed that muscone and XNJI were similarly effective 168 h after CCI, demonstrating that the muscone in XNJI significantly attenuated neuronal apoptosis through the PI3K/Akt1/NF-kB/P53 pathway.

Conclusion
We verified the neuroprotective mechanism in muscone for the first time in TBI. Network pharmacology offers a new approach for identifying the potential active ingredients in XNJI.
Interventions to improve the well-being of family caregivers of patients on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis: a systematic review
Authors: Hovadick Ana Carolina , Jardim Viviane Rodrigues , Paúl Constança , Pagano Adriana , Reis Ilka , Torres Heloisa 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundThe family caregivers of patients on hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) typically experience higher burden than the general population because of the nature of tasks these caregivers need to carry out as a part of homecare. This fact influences both the caregivers’ quality of life and the quality of their care toward the patient. Thus, this study aimed to review the effectiveness and limitations of interventions in improving the well-being of family caregivers of patients on HD and PD.MethodologyA systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (version 5.1.0). The Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, MEDLINE, VHL Regional Portal, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched queried for randomized controlled trials that developed interventions aimed at improving the well-being of family caregivers of patients undergoing HD and/or PD from 2009 to 2020. The study protocol was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (registration no. CRD42020151161).ResultsSix studies met the inclusion criteria, all of which addressed caregivers of patients undergoing HD. All interventions reported in the included studies were carried out in group sessions, which addressed topics such as patient assistance and care, treatment complications, coping strategies, caregiver self-care practices, problem solving, and self-efficacy. The studies found significant improvement in the caregiver’s well-being.ConclusionsGroup session interventions are effective in improving the well-being of family caregivers of patients undergoing HD. In regard to PD, there is insufficient evidence to make recommendations for caregivers of patients with this treatment.