bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
More than meets the eye: research and practice in Italian foreign language policies and education
Authors: Lopriore Lucilla 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This contribution aims at offering an overview of the main foreign language policies implemented in the Italian educational system in the last decades as well as of the role that research in Italian foreign language education has played. Main changes and innovations introduced through institutional – curriculum renewals, pre- and in-service education, European recommendations and implementation, language teacher education, university reforms – and through unofficial paths offered by publishers, professional associations, international exchange programs, will be explored and discussed. Some of the changes introduced at curriculum level (e. g. Content and Language integrated Learning (CLIL)) and in teacher education have added new perspectives in language teaching and are currently informing classroom practice in the Italian growingly multilingual scenarios. The impact of national and international research on foreign language teaching, carried out in the Italian language classrooms by scholars and, in some cases, by teachers themselves, will be described and illustrated through examples and language teachers’ contributions.
When-clauses and temporal meanings across languages
Authors: Guerrero Lilián 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTypological studies have tended to take for granted the default interpretation for English and imposed ‘simultaneity’ as the basic meaning ofwhen-clauses for all languages. This in opposition to the approach taken in reference grammars, which generally report temporal linkage markers likewhenas encoding one or several meanings. Data from languages other than English show that comparative studies should also be open to the possibility thatwhen-clauses do not always, or only, denote simultaneity. To support this claim and argue against the default interpretation of simultaneity, in this study I explore the range of temporal meanings ofwhen-clauses across languages and provide evidence from Spanish and Yaqui corpora. Unlike English, corpus-based studies show that Spanish equivalentcuando-clauses equally introduce simultaneous and sequential readings, while Yaquio-/kai-clauses predominantly express sequential meanings. Furthermore, a convenience sample of 28 unrelated languages reveals that, if there is awhen-clause in a language, it can locate the event of the adverbial clause earlier, later, or around the same time as the main clause. The analysis of the semantic side ofwhen-clauses demonstrates that there are language-specific tendencies regarding their temporal meanings. On these grounds, I propose that a better understanding ofwhen-clauses can be arrived at by classifying them as ‘unspecific’ temporal clauses. This categorization would motivate a richer analysis of new data and a systematic comparison between unspecific, simultaneous and sequential clauses. Finally, I advance a four-way classification regarding general versus specific markers, and the temporal relations they encode, two of which account for most languages analyzed.
A Comparative Viewpoint on Illegal Contracts: In Favor of Flexibility and Proportionality
Authors: Cerchia Rossella Esther 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In today’s society, a dense network of laws and regulations presides the actions of all people. And it is so extensive that any number of activities – including the formation of contracts – is capable of breaking the law. This is why it is even more important, nowadays, to reconsider the issue of contracts that violate legal rules. The trend in favor of flexible remedies reveals that the rigidity of the more traditional solutions might not be the best choice in this day and age.
Phase equilibrium inn-octane/water separation units: vapor pressures, vapor and liquid molar fractions
Authors: Kong Jeonghoon , Escobedo Salvador , Lopez-Zamora Sandra , de Lasa Hugo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe present study reports result from research into vapor–liquid–liquid phase equilibrium forn-octane highly diluted in water and water highly diluted inn-octane blends, using a dynamic method implemented in a constant volume CREC-VL-Cell. In the CREC-VL-Cell, a very high level of mixing is achieved, allowing for dispersions to be formed in the liquid phase and good mixing in the gas phase. This VL-Cell and its auxiliary equipment provide an increasing temperature ramp in the 30–110 °C range. It is found that the CREC-VL-Cell is of special value, for studying immiscible or partially miscible blends, such as is the case ofn-octane in water. With the data obtained, which includes vapor pressures and temperatures, data analyses involving mass and molar balances, allow establishing overall liquid and vapor molar fractions. The recorded vapor pressures together with the calculated liquid and vapor molar fractions offer valuable data for VL thermodynamic model discrimination. For instance, it can be shown that vapor pressures, vapor and liquid molar fractions, as calculated with the Aspen-Hysys Peng Robinson Equation of State (Hysys-Aspen PR-EoS) provide only a first approximation of the experimental data, with significant discrepancies in the prediction of ann-octane disengagement temperatures. Thus, the determination of combined measured vapor pressures and calculated overall liquid molar fractions in the CREC-VL-Cell, offers a valuable and accurate procedure for thermodynamic model validation and discrimination.
Cardiac well-being indexes: a decision support tool to monitor cardiovascular health
Authors: Duarte Ana , Belo Orlando 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Despite the increasing awareness about its severity and the importance of adopting preventive habits, cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Most people already recognize that a healthy lifestyle, which includes a balanced diet and the practice of physical activity, is essential to prevent this disease. However, since few simple mechanisms allow a self-assessment and a continuous monitoring of the level of cardiac well-being, people are not conscious enough about their own cardiovascular health status. In this context, this paper presents and describes a tool related to the creation of cardiac well-being indexes that allow a quick and intuitive monitoring and visualization of the users’ cardiovascular health level over time. For its implementation, data mining techniques were used to calculate the indexes, and a data warehouse was built to archive the data and to support the construction of dashboards for presenting the results.
The function of non-coding RNAs in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Zhang Hui , Song Miao , Guo Jianing , Ma Junbing , Qiu Min , Yang Zheng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Non-coding ribonucleic acids (ncRNAs) are a diverse group of RNA molecules that are mostly not translated into proteins after transcription, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) with longer than 200 nucleotides non-coding transcripts and microRNAs (miRNAs) which are only 18–22 nucleotides. As families of evolutionarily conserved ncRNAs, lncRNAs activate and repress genes via a variety of mechanisms at both transcriptional and translational levels, whereas miRNAs regulate protein-coding gene expression mainly through mRNA silencing. ncRNAs are widely involved in biological functions, such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease with a poor prognosis. The etiology of IPF is still unclear. Increasing evidence shows the close correlations between the development of IPF and aberrant expressions of ncRNAs than thought previously. In this study, we provide an overview of ncRNAs participated in pathobiology of IPF, seeking the early diagnosis biomarker and aiming for potential therapeutic applications for IPF.
Die amerikanischen Wahlen vom 3. November 2020 und das unwürdige Ende der Ära Trump
Authors: Krause Joachim 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungAm 3. November 2020 wurde der amerikanische Präsidenten Donald Trump deutlich abgewählt. Dieser behauptete jedoch ohne konkrete Beweise vorzulegen, die Wahl sei gefälscht gewesen und konnte Millionen seiner Wähler und einen Großteil der Republikaner damit überzeugen. Sein Versuch, Joseph Biden die Wahl zu stehlen, scheiterte mit dem Sturm seiner Anhänger auf das Kapitol. Während die Erleichterung weltweit groß ist, dass mit Joseph Biden ein Präsident regiert, der wieder Normalität, Professionalität und Verantwortungsbewusstsein in die amerikanische Politik bringen wird, bleibt die Sorge groß, dass die von Trump aufgeheizte Stimmung anhalten und die Politik in den USA vergiften wird.
Der Kampf ums Wasser – Pakistan und die Folgen des Klimawandels
Authors: Lukas Stefan 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Pakistan wird in Folge von Wetterextremen und dauerhaften meteorologischen Veränderungen zunehmend stärker vom Klimawandel betroffen sein. Die klimatischen Veränderungen werden dabei insbesondere die Wasserversorgung des Landes vor große Herausforderungen stellen. Wie auch in anderen Teilen der Erde wirkt der Klimawandel als Brandbeschleuniger bereits bestehender Probleme im Land, wie etwa Landflucht, gesellschaftliche Spaltung und religiöse Radikalisierung. Auch außenpolitisch wird die zukünftige Entwicklung des Landes in Folge der Klimaveränderungen neue Risiken mit sich bringen, da nahezu alle Himalaya-Anrainer von zunehmender Wasserknappheit in Folge der Gletscherschmelze betroffen sein werden. Während die Regierung in Islamabad vor allem auf neue, klimafreundliche Technologien und ein Umdenken bei der Nachhaltigkeit von Großprojekten setzen muss, können sich die europäischen Akteure durch eine einheitliche Klimapolitik sowie der Erweiterung von Partnerschaftsprojekten und technologischen Transfer mit Pakistan einsetzen.
Association of CYP2D6*4 gene polymorphism with early papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Dağlar Aday Aynur , Öztürk Tülin , Akadam Teker Başak , Aksoy Figen , Aydoğan Hülya Yılmaz , Öztürk Oğuz , İsbir Turgay 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives

CYP2D6 is highly polymorphic and a common variant CYP2D6*4 results in the generation of poor metabolizer enzyme. The CYP2D6*4 variant has been associated with altered susceptibility to several cancers. The aim of the present case-control study aims to investigate the association between CYP2D6*4 polymorphism and the risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

Materials and methods
A study population of 97 cases with PTC and 120 controls were included in the study. Genotyping was done by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method to detect the presence of CYP2D6*4.

Results
The CYP2D6*4 was associated with significantly increased PTC risk when compared with controls (odds ratio [OR]=1.995, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.060–3.752, p=0.031). Besides, CYP2D6*4 allele frequency was higher in PTC patients with age ≤50 years when compared to those with age >50 (OR=2.380, 95% CI=1.191–4.755, p=0.013). CYP2D6*4 allele frequency was higher in patients who had encapsulated tumors, but it was not statistically significant (p=0.111). No relationship was found between CYP2D6*4 and PTC variants or between early (I/II) and late (III/IV) tumor stages.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that the poor metabolizer CYP2D6*4 genotype may be a risk factor, especially in early PTC development. Further research with larger groups is required for the confirmation of our consequences.
Attractive fluorine···fluorine interactions between perfluorinated alkyl chains: a case of perfluorinated Cu(II) diiminate Cu[C2F5–C(NH)–CF=C(NH)–CF3]2
Authors: Khrustalev Victor N. , Savchenko Anna O. , Zhukova Anna I. , Chernikova Natalia Yu. , Kurykin Michael A. , Novikov Alexander S. , Tskhovrebov Alexander G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A synthesis of the perfluorinated copper diiminate complex Cu[C2F5–C(NH)–CF=C(NH)–CF3]2 (3) and its self-assembly into infinite 1D chains in the crystal via Type II C(sp3)–F···F–C(sp3) contacts between perfluoroethyl substituents is reported. Rare Type II F···F interactions were studied by DFT calculations and topological analysis of the electron density distribution within the formalism of Bader’s theory (QTAIM method). This is the first report which discusses Type II contacts between perfuoroalkyl chains.
Prognose produktionstechnischer Defizite
Authors: Dobler Richard , Hofer Andreas , Martin Michael , Reinhart Gunther 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Produzierende Unternehmen befinden sich in einem intensiven Wettbewerbsumfeld, das sowohl durch Kosten als auch durch Innovation definiert wird. Um die Produktionsfähigkeit der Unternehmen erhalten und effizient auf das sich dynamisch verändernde Wettbewerbsumfeld reagieren zu können, bedarf es einer frühzeitigen Identifikation produktionstechnischer Defizite. In diesem Beitrag wird ein entsprechender Ansatz basierend auf der Szenario-Analyse und Megatrends vorgestellt.*)
Blockchain für KMU
Authors: Reimers Sven , Hackius Niels , Petersen Moritz , Kersten Wolfgang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBlockchain-Lösungen für Supply Chain und Logistik können die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit von Unternehmen stärken. Aber wie sollten sich insbesondere KMU diesem Thema nähern? Basierend auf 26 Experteninterviews arbeiten wir in diesem Beitrag zunächst Einsatzpotenziale für Blockchain heraus. Zur Realisierung der Potenziale leiten wir anschließend drei idealtypische Rollen ab. Diese Typologie kann Praktiker bei der Entwicklung eines unternehmensindividuellen Blockchain-Ansatzes unterstützen.**)
Modification of the effects of aflatoxin B1 on the glutathione system and its regulatory genes by zeolite
Authors: Kövesi Benjámin , Kulcsár Szabina , Cserháti Mátyás , Erdélyi Márta , Ancsin Zsolt , Zándoki Erika , Mézes Miklós , Balogh Krisztián 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to use oxidative stress markers for investigating the effect of zeolite (315 mg/kg of complete feed) in the case of aflatoxin B1 contamination (92 μg/kg complete feed). In a 21-day feeding trial with broiler chickens, oxidative stress parameters such as conjugated dienes, conjugated trienes, malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione content and glutathione peroxidase activity were not changed significantly by supplementation with this mycotoxin absorbent. The relative gene expression of transcription factors KEAP1 and NRF2 was not modified by the absorbent either. Still, the expression of GSS, GSR and GPX4 genes increased significantly due to the aluminosilicate supplementation. The results suggest that zeolite reduced lipid peroxidation in the blood plasma but not in the red blood cell haemolysate or the kidney. The relative expression of the genes encoding the glutathione redox system also changed as a result of zeolite supplementation, but these changes were not found at the protein level.
High-dose ACEi might be harmful in COVID-19 patients with serious respiratory distress syndrome by leading to excessive bradykinin receptor activation
Authors: Székács B. , Várbíró S. , Debreczeni L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to critically review the available information on the potential contribution of excessive kallikrein-kinin systems (KKSs) activation to severe respiratory inflammation in SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the likely consequence of ACE inhibition in seriously affected patients.MethodsThe literature related to the above topic was reviewed including papers that analysed the connections, actions, interactions, consequences and occasionally suggestions for rational interventions.Results/ConclusionSevere broncho-alveolar inflammation seems to be caused, at least in part, by upregulation of the KKS that increases plasma and/or local tissue concentrations of bradykinin (BK) in patients with COVID-19 infection. Besides KKS activation, suppression of ACE activity results in decreased bradykinin degradation, and these changes in concert can lead to excessive BK B1 and B2 receptor (BKB1R/BKB2R) activation. Aminopeptidase P (APP), and carboxypeptidase N also degrade bradykinin, but their protein expression and activity are unclear in COVID-19 infection. On the other hand, ACE2 expression is upregulated in patients with COVID-19 infection, so ACE2 activity is unlikely to be decreased despite blockade of part of ACE2 by the virus for entry into the cells. ACE2 cleaves lys-des-arginine9BK and arg-des-arginine9BK, the active metabolites of bradykinin, which stimulate the BKB1R receptor. Stimulation of BKB1R/BKB2R can exacerbate the pulmonary inflammatory response by causing vascular leakage and edema, vasodilation, smooth muscle spasm and stimulation of pain afferent nerves. Despite all uncertainties, it seems rational to treat comorbid COVID patients with serious respiratory distress syndrome with ARBs instead of high-dose ACE inhibitor (ACEi) that will further decrease bradykinin degradation and enhance BKB1R/BKB2R activation, but ACEi may not be contraindicated in patients with mild pulmonary symptoms.
Inhibition of connexin 43 induces hearing loss in postnatal mice
Authors: Wang J. , Song Q. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundConnexin 43 (Cx43) is the most ubiquitously expressed member of the family of connexins, constituting gap junctions and mediating cell communication, still its role in hearing loss has been little studied.MethodsImmunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression pattern of Cx43. Spiral ganglia neurons (SGNs) and Corti co-culture were utilized to assay the re-innervation of hair cells by newborn SGNs. Gap19 was utilized to inhibit Cx43 hemichannels. Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) and endocochlear potential (E.P.) were measured to confirm the hearing loss.ResultsThe expression of Cx43 in P14 mice was higher than in P0 and P28 (adult) mice, the earlier time point coinciding with the early inner ear development. Additionally, the growth and synapse generation of fibers were inhibited after Gap 19 treatment of the co-cultures of the Corti and SGNs from newborn mice. Furthermore, the inhibition of Cx43 could increase the ABR threshold and decrease E.P. level in postnatal mice, whereas such an effect was not observed in adult mice.ConclusionThe function of Cx43 is critical during the early development of mouse cochlea but is dispensable in adult mice.
Timing of magmatism of the Ditrău Alkaline Massif, Romania – A review based on new U–Pb and K/Ar data
Authors: Pál-Molnár Elemér , Kiri Luca , Lukács Réka , Dunkl István , Batki Anikó , Szemerédi Máté , Almási Enikő Eszter , Sogrik Edina , Harangi Szabolcs 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe timing of Triassic magmatism of the Ditrău Alkaline Massif (Eastern Carpathians, Romania) is important for constraining the tectonic framework and emplacement context of this igneous suite during the closure of Paleotethys and coeval continental rifting, as well as formation of back-arc basins.Our latest geochronological data refine the previously reported ages ranging between 237.4 ± 9.1 and 81.3 ± 3.1 Ma. New K/Ar and U–Pb age data combined with all recently (post-1990) published ages indicate a relatively short magmatic span (between 238.6 ± 8.9 Ma and 225.3 ± 2.7 Ma; adding that the most relevant U–Pb ages scatter around ∼230 Ma) of the Ditrău Alkaline Massif. The age data complemented by corresponding palinspastic reconstructions shed light on the paleogeographic environment wherein the investigated igneous suite was formed.The magmatism of the Ditrău Alkaline Massif could be associated with an intra-plate, rift-related extensional tectonic setting at the southwestern margin of the East European Craton during the Middle–Late Triassic (Ladinian–Norian) period.
Introduction pages
Authors: SESTRAS Radu E. 
Published: March 2021

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca (NBHA): The papers published in Issue 1, Volume 49, 2021 represent new exciting researches in different topics of life science, respectively in plant science, horticulture, agronomy and crop science. Among the interesting articles we invite you to find news about:
Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals gene network regulation of TGase-induced thermotolerance in tomato; Characterization the coding and non-coding RNA components in the transcriptome of invasion weed Alternanthera philoxeroides; Morphometric analysis and sequence related amplified polymorphism determine genetic diversity in Salvia species; Viral diagnosis in cultivars of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.; Influence of fertilizer and salicylic acid treatments on growth, physiological, and antioxidant characteristics in green and red Perilla frutescens varieties; In-vitro evaluation of antioxidant and antiradical potential of successive extracts, semi-purified fractions and biosynthesized silver nanoparticles of Rumex vesicarius; Zoophagous entomofauna and entomopathogenic agents reported on Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) in north-western of Romania; Vegetative propagation and ex-situ conservation of Acantholimon androsaceum and Limonium chersonesum, two promising local endemics of Crete (Greece) available for floricultural and pharmaceutical sustainable exploitation; Quality attributes during maturation of ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Red Delicious’ apples grown in two geographical regions with different environmental conditions, etc.
The Impact Factor communicated by ISI Clarivate, June 29, 2020, is IF 2019 = 1.168 (position 149 of 234 journals, Q3 in Plant Sciences). The metrics in Scopus – Elsevier (June 22, 2020): CiteScore 1.40 (#43/84 in Horticulture); SJR 0.35 - Q2, #41/90 in Horticulture (SJR Scimago Journal).

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Announcement
From Volume 49, Issue 1, 2021, Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca journal will use article numbers in place of the traditional method of continuous pagination through the volume. This step helps us to maintain a rapid, efficient production process by being able to define pagination as soon as a paper is accepted.
For papers that use article numbers, the page number of full-text articles will start from 1 to the last page and the citation needs only to list the article number. The journal will continue to appear quarterly, as before, with four annual numbers (see Publication Frequency).