bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Study on Explainable AI Using YOLO and Post Hoc Method on Medical Diagnosis
Authors: Sarma Borah Proyash Paban , Kashyap Devraj , Laskar Ruhini Aktar , Sarmah Ankur Jyoti 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Medical imaging plays a pivotal role in disease detection and intervention. The black-box nature of deep learning models, such as YOLOv8, creates challenges in interpreting their decisions. This paper presents a toolset to enhance interpretability in AI based diagnostics by integrating Explainable AI (XAI) techniques with YOLOv8. This paper explores implementation of post hoc methods, including Grad-CAM and Eigen CAM, to assist end users in understanding the decision making of the model. This comprehensive evaluation utilises CT-Datasets, demonstrating the efficacy of YOLOv8 for object detection in different medical fields. This paper compares the interpretability offered by different post hoc methods, shedding light on abnormalities detected by the model. Moreover, this paper introduces a user-friendly interface for end users, incorporating the generated heat maps for intuitive understanding using different CAM algorithms. These findings underscore the importance of XAI in medical image analysis and offer a practical framework for improving interpretability in X-ray diagnostics. The comparison of the different CAM methods can offer a choice for end users to determine the best fit for deployable tools. This work contributes to bridging the gap between sophisticated deep learning models and actionable insights for professionals. Access at https://spritan.github.io/YOLOv8_Explainer/
A Comparison of geomagnetic activity during the 24th Solar cycle to geomagnetic activities during the preceding solar cycles 19 to 23
Authors: Patowary Rashmi , Konwar Kanchan , Kuri Deep Kumar , Gogoi Sanat Kumar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Geomagnetic storms occurring during the period from 1957 to 2018 encompassing six Solar Cycles viz. cycle 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24 have been identified by observing the hourly Dst indices from the World Data Centre Kyoto. The temporal variation of these storms in three different time scales viz. variation around a solar cycle, seasonal variation, and variation about solar rotation period were examined. Geomagnetic activity during the 24th cycle was found to be a cycle of unusually low geomagnetic activity as compared to other cycles of roughly the same solar activity, which can be attributed to absence of adequate interplanetary conditions in addition to absence of solar drivers. It was found that geomagnetic activity during the 24th solar cycle showed attributes more or less similar to those of cycles 19 to 23, though on a much smaller scale. Distinct equinoxial maxima with absence of asymmetry was found in case of seasonal variation. Storms occurring during solar minima indicated a peak around solar rotation period confirming the recurrent solar drivers.
Analysing the Execution of a Building Unifying with Concentrating Photovoltaic System and Phase Change Materials
Authors: Hussain Beporam Iftekhar , Vijayasekaran G , Sivaraman G , Maheskumar Pon. , Girimurugan R , Nanthakumar S 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Building Unifying with Concentrating Photovoltaic (BUC-PV) systems are seamlessly incorporated into building envelopes, replacing traditional construction materials while offering benefits such as on-site electricity generation, enhanced radiant efficiency, and improved thermal management. This research introduces an innovative empirical assessment of Phase Change Materials (PCM) to enhance the efficiency of less-concentrated BUC-PV systems through heat transfer mechanisms. Unlike previous studies, which focused primarily on transient and spatial temperature analyses of PCM within constructed systems, this experiment examines the impact of paraffin-based PCM on the electrical energy output of the current setup. Addressing the limitations of the initial system, an advanced evaluation model is proposed and validated through controlled indoor experiments. Wax-based RT42 (paraffin) was used in a custom PCM enclosure. An indoor test was conducted using a steady irradiance of 950 W/m². Results demonstrated a 7.57% increase in electrical energy efficiency with the integration of PCM. Additionally, the BUC-PV-PCM system exhibited a mean module temperature reduction of 4°C compared to a PCM-less outdoor system. The experiment also revealed that PCM performance varied with irradiance flux density, showing an efficiency increase of 1.4% at 600 W/m², 5.0% at 700 W/m², and 7.0% at 950 W/m².
Enhancing Mechanical Performance and Heat Treatment Response in AA2024 Alloys Through B4C and Alumina
Authors: Ponnusamy Prasanth , Seenivasan S , Maheskumar Pon. , Girimurugan R , Krishnamurthy V P , Balasubramani S , Gowri K 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Aluminum Alloy 2024/Boron carbide (B4C)/alumina composites showed different tensile characteristics after they were strengthened and heated. The T6 thermal cycle performance got better because the samples were made harder through “precipitation hardening” using various amounts of alumina and B4C. After the application of heat, the composite materials had a consistent spread of strengthening elements, and an examination of their energy levels showed Aluminum, Silicon, and Magnesium, along with small amounts of a few other particles. Researchers carefully tested the tensile properties of heat-treated and strengthened steel. The research indicated that both the tensile strength (TS) and yield strength (YS) increased to 210ºC and then started to decrease to 140ºC. The stiffness and elastic modulus of the composites improved due to the addition of reinforcement and heat treatment. This resulted in a significant reduction in El (Elongation) content in the composites. Several factors, such as the diffusion process, grain refinement, heat treatment temperatures, and the mix of strengthening elements, contributed to the enhanced elastic modulus and tensile strength of the composites. Research aimed at optimizing these findings to streamline the development of hybridized composite materials has many applications in the aerospace and transportation industries.
Comparative Analysis of Mechanical Properties in Hybrid Composites Using Neem and Indian almond Fiber
Authors: Ganapathy Srinivasan R , Priyadharsini S , Rajaravi C , Venkatesan R , Rathinasuriyan C , Harish K A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study examines the mechanical properties and microstructural aspects of epoxy composites that have been reinforced with neem and Indian almond fibers. These fibers were first treated with a 5% NaOH solution by immersing them in it, leading to increasing surface roughness and improved bonding with the epoxy resin. Composite samples were made using the hand lay-up method, and a weight ratio utilized was 70:30 for resin-to-fiber. The tensile, flexural, impact, and wear strengths were analyzed in the testing profile of the composites. The composites were analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy and microstructural investigations to get insight into the interactions between the fibers and matrix, as well as the shape of the materials. Results showed that the tensile and flexural strengths had been improved significantly in comparison to the original epoxy material. It is, therefore, the results emanating from impact and wear tests, which rescue the endurance of these composites for application in the automobile and construction industries. The results indicate that the inclusion of natural fibers in polymer matrices not only improves mechanical performance but also promotes environmental sustainability.
Experimental Investigation on Microstructure Properties of Martensitic Stainless Steel Using Wire Pulse Arc Welding
Authors: pandian Alagu sundara , Pragadish N , Sengottaiyan K , John Stephen R , Selvam M , Ganapathy Srinivasan R 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The present work is focused on the Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing process applied to 17-4 PH stainless steel, with regard to the understanding of microstructural and mechanical properties of as-deposited and heat-treated materials. It investigated uniformity in the fabricated components without any defects, which was found in the detailed microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results demonstrate a prevalence of columnar dendritic structures and high microstructural anisotropies mainly in the as-deposited state. Heat treatment effects were also explored, wherein variations in microstructure were noted to be associated with enhancements in mechanical properties, such as hardness. Results show that WAAM is able to produce high-quality parts that are optimized for performance in highly demanding applications. Micro hardness tests across the different regions of the components informed the microstructure-mechanical strength relationship, thus confirming that the WAAM process is suitable for producing parts with high mechanical strength and reliability for the aerospace sector and other stringent high-performance applications.
Effect of Tin Mining Waste as Sand Replacement on Flowability and Compressive Strength of Mortar
Authors: Ahmad N , Muthusamy K , Ruslan H N , Mohd Yunus M Y , Ismail M A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Environmental degradation due to excessive sand mining activity and tin tailing waste disposal from mining need to be resolved. Utilization of tin tailing as sand replacement in mortar production would cut amount of waste thrown and decrease river sand consumption. The current study examines the effect of tin tailing content sand replacement on flowability and strength of mortar. Five forms of mixes were produced using different percentage of tin tailing as fine aggregate replacement. Two types of tests were conducted namely flowability test and compressive strength test. The investigation discovers that blending tin tailing affects the flowability of mortar. Utilization of up to 30% tin tailing able to produce mortar with the targeted strength. Usage of high amount of tin tailing causes declination of mortar strength. Recycling tin tailing for use in mortar production saves the use of natural sand and reduce waste disposal.
Beyond Limits: Short Review on Temperature’s Role in Characterizing Lithium-ion Battery Performance
Authors: Kadir M S A , Rani M F H , Razlan Z M , Shahriman A B , Kamarrudin N S , Yinn W K , Akmal A Z A , Afnan Uda M N , Gautier Y 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries established themselves among the primary energy storage technologies, and the surge in electric vehicle augmentation is following global efforts to mitigate pollution. The short review article addresses the significant benefits of lithium-ion batteries over commercial alternatives, diving into their basic components and operating principles. Then, the attention shifts to examining lithium-ion battery performance at temperatures beyond the recommended operating range of 15°C to 35°C. Positive effects are seen at temperatures just above this range, but the degradation accelerates because of the decomposition of electrodes and electrolytes. Surprisingly, lithium plating appears as a critical element in battery degradation, impacting both low and high-temperature conditions. Despite these findings, this short review emphasizes the critical need for future research into novel strategies to reduce lithium-ion battery degradation, ultimately pushing breakthroughs in energy storage for sustainable electric transportation.
Impact of Impurities on the Properties of Recycled Aggregate for Use in Civil Engineering Work and Road Construction. Part 2: Environmental Assessment
Authors: Zaharieva Roumiana , Evlogiev Daniel , Simonov Borislav , Magdalena Kostadinova  , Petrov Boyan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Recycled concrete aggregate fraction 0/63 mm is used as unbound materials in several construction works, for which the environmental soundness is of a great importance. The present study aims to evaluate the influence of impurities such as asphalt, bricks, soil, and lightweight materials on the environmental properties of recycled concrete aggregate. The chemical characteristics are determined as per EN 13242+A1 requirements. The environmental performance is evaluated based on a batch leaching test according to EN 12457-1 (L/S =2) and on the content of organic materials such as PAHs, PCBs, C10-C40. The two sets of tests were found to give conflicting results: no problematic chemical characteristics were found even at a high percentage of impurities in the recycled concrete aggregate, while the environmental performance was not satisfactory; the recycled aggregates were found not inert because of the significant amounts of sulphates, chlorides and total dissolved solids, sometimes heavy metals and, when blended with ground asphalt, organic compounds such as hydrocarbons. Thus, backfills and road facilities can be a source of soil and groundwater pollution if a pre-demolition audit, identification of contaminated CDW, decontamination activities and selective demolition are not implemented. Some improvements in the regulatory framework are proposed.
E-waste as a potential precursor for geopolymers
Authors: Nikolov Aleksandar , Tsvetanova Liliya , Barbov Borislav , Ranguelov Bogdan , Tarasov Mihail 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The rapid growth in electronics production and the shortening product lifespans have resulted in a growing problem of electronic waste (e-waste). E-waste is a complex mixture of organic and inorganic materials, making its recycling a challenge. This study explores the potential of powdered e-waste as a geopolymer precursor and investigates the geopolymerization of reactive phases in e-waste. Research techniques, including XRD, XRF, SEM/EDX, and FTIR, were used to characterize the e-waste and obtained geopolymers. Significant contents of reactive SiO2, Al2O3 and CaO components were detected in the e-waste which can participate in the formation of geopolymer gel. The present study elucidate the feasibility of utilizing e-waste as a geopolymer precursor, offering a potential for sustainable waste management and resource recovery in the electronics recycling industry.
Dynamic behavior of soil-tunnel interaction system in transversely isotropic half-space
Authors: Parvanova Sonia , Pashov Amar , Vasilev Georgi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Dynamic behavior of lined tunnels buried in a transversely isotropic half-space with surface relief is the focus of this paper. Different computational techniques are employed to model the soil-structure system subjected to time-harmonic point loads. Firstly, the direct Boundary Element Method is employed, using frequency-dependent fundamental solution of the governing equation in two-dimensional anisotropic elastodynamics to model the underground structure in a plane-strain state. In addition, the built-in options of the commercial software package ANSYS are utilized to compute the three-dimensional wave-field response. As an alternative to the 3D models, a computationally efficient two-and-a-half-dimensional approach has been developed for a transversely isotropic medium. It is based on the Finite Element Method combined with Perfectly Matched Layers. Comparisons between the results obtained by the three approaches are presented, and some recommendations regarding their application are provided.
Dynamic response of a beam on an elastic Winkler foundation subjected to time-harmonic load
Authors: Shiskov Petar , Stoyanov German , Pashov Amar , Parvanova Sonia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the dynamic behavior of a beam on an elastic Winkler foundation under time-harmonic excitation. The frequency dependent ordinary differential equation of a beam with prescribed bending stiffness is analytically solved by using initial parameters’ method and Krylov’s functions for beams of medium length, and by Zimmermann functions in case of infinitely long beams. The obtained results are validated by an authors’ numerical solution based on the Finite Element Method. The dynamic response of numerical models, falling between medium and infinitely long beams, is validated by both analytical approaches. Conclusions and recommendations regarding their application are provided. Finally, a method accounting for moving point loads is presented.
Kitchen soups and the October uprising in Chile: exploring their connection with collective action frames in pandemic times
Authors: Correa Melisa Miranda 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article explores the connections between the October uprising in Chile and the emergence of kitchen soups (KS) as mutual aid during the COVID-19 pandemic. It examines the linguistic aspect of five KS names and their respective collective action frames (CAF) as tools for expressing shared goals, identities, and aspirations. By interviewing their founders, the study triangulates the relationship between KS and the October uprising. The analysis reveals a significant relationship between the social movement’s CAF and grassroots KS initiatives, highlighting the transformative potential of collective action. Additionally, the article explores how KS emerge as a continuation of the October social movement, creating new avenues for mobilization, resistance, and activism and community building. It argues that networks established during the social movement provided a strong foundation for KS’s success. Ultimately, it shows the power of political grassroots organizing and solidarity in times of crisis, emphasizing these movements’ potential to achieve lasting social justice.
Evolution in electrophysiology 100 years after Einthoven: translational and computational innovations in rhythm control of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Schuijt Eva , Scherr Daniel , Plank Gernot , Schotten Ulrich , Heijman Jordi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In 1924, the Dutch physiologist Willem Einthoven received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram (ECG). Anno 2024, the ECG is commonly used as a diagnostic tool in cardiology. In the paper ‘Le Télécardiogramme’, Einthoven described the first recording of the now most common cardiac arrhythmia: atrial fibrillation (AF). The treatment of AF includes rhythm control, aiming to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life. Recent studies found that early rhythm control might additionally improve clinical outcomes. However, current therapeutic options have suboptimal efficacy and safety, highlighting a need for better rhythm-control strategies. In this review, we address the challenges related to antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) and catheter ablation for rhythm control of AF, including significant recurrence rates and adverse side effects such as pro-arrhythmia. Furthermore, we discuss potential solutions to these challenges including novel tools, such as atrial-specific AADs and digital-twin-guided AF ablation. In particular, digital twins are a promising method to integrate a wide range of clinical data to address the heterogeneity in AF mechanisms. This may enable a more mechanism-based tailored approach that may overcome the limitations of previous precision medicine approaches based on individual biomarkers. However, several translational challenges need to be addressed before digital twins can be routinely applied in clinical practice, which we discuss at the end of this narrative review. Ultimately, the significant advances in the detection, understanding, and treatment of AF since its first ECG documentation are expected to help reduce the burden of this troublesome condition.
Case control study of access to medications during COVID-19 and longitudinal impact on health outcomes for primary care patients managing multiple chronic conditions
Authors: Rose Gail L , Bonnell Levi N , Natkin Lisa W , O’Rourke-Lavoie Jennifer , van Eeghen Constance 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
During coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), people managing multiple chronic conditions (MCCs) experienced barriers to obtaining needed medications. The purposes of this paper are to (i) determine risk factors for difficulty obtaining medications during COVID-19, (ii) document reasons for the difficulty, and (iii) evaluate the impact on later physical and mental health outcomes.

Method
In a randomized controlled trial conducted in 2016–2021, 1969 adult primary care patients were surveyed about physical and mental health both before and during COVID-19. They reported their needs for medication during COVID-19 and any difficulty obtaining them. Reasons for difficulty accessing medications were tabulated descriptively. Logistic regression identified predictors of medication access difficulty. Multivariable linear regression modeled the relationship between access to medications and health outcomes, accounting for pre-COVID health.

Results
In total 13% of participants experienced difficulty accessing needed medications. Compared to the larger sample, those participants were younger, had more MCCs, and had lower income. They were more often female, unmarried, and were facing insecurities in housing, food, or finances (all P &lt; 0.004). Younger age and the presence of socioeconomic insecurity at baseline increased the odds of later difficulty accessing medications. Barriers to access included concerns about contracting COVID-19 (52%), physician or pharmacy inaccessibility (38%), and cost (26%). Adjusting for baseline health, difficulty accessing medications was associated with poorer health at follow up (P = 0.001).

Conclusion
People with socioeconomic disadvantages experienced a disproportionate impact of difficulty obtaining medications and poorer health outcomes due to COVID-19. They may be at greater risk in the event of future pandemics and other societal disruptions.
A new mesophilic member of the Chloroflexota phylum ‘Ca. Сhloroploca septentrionalis’ from the meromictic lake Bol'shie Khruslomeny separated from the White Sea
Authors: Gorlenko Vladimir M , Grouzdev Denis S , Lunina Olga N , Gaisin Vasil A , Ashikhmin Aleksandr A , Sinetova Maria A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A new filamentous phototrophic bacterium Khr17 was isolated as an enrichment culture from the brackish polar lake Bol'shie Khruslomeny. The organism was a halotolerant, strictly anaerobic phototroph possessing photosystem II. Sulfide was required for phototrophic growth. The cells of bacterium Khr17 formed nonmotile, wavy trichomes surrounded by a sheath. The cells contained chlorosomes, gas vesicles, and storage granules. The antenna pigments of bacterium Khr17 were bacteriochlorophyll c and β- and γ-carotenes. The genome of Khr17 bacterium carries all the genes responsible for CO2 fixation via the 3-hydroxypropionate pathway. The genes encoding the proteins of the nitrogenase complex were not found. The DNA G + C content was 59.9%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of isolate Khr17 exhibited 99.4% similarity to related species. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values for the isolate showed 91.9% and 46.9% similarity, respectively, to other ‘Ca. Chloroploca’ species. Based on its phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, classification of Khr17 as member of a new species, ‘Ca. Chloroploca septentrionalis’ sp. nov., was proposed. Members of the genus ‘Ca. Chloroploca’ have previously not been found in Arctic areas and in the plankton of meromictic lakes.