bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactions between two knots in nanochannel-confined DNA molecules
Authors: Ma Zixue , Dorfman Kevin D. 
Published: October 2021

Experimental data on the interaction between two knots in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) confined in nanochannels produced two particular behaviors of knot pairs along the DNA molecules: (i) widely separated knots experience an attractive interaction but only remain in close proximity for several seconds and (ii) knots tend to remain separated until one of the knots unravels at the chain end. The associated free energy profile of the knot–knot separation distance for an ensemble of DNA knots exhibits a global minimum when knots are separated, indicating that the separated knot state is more stable than the intertwined knot state, with dynamics in the separated knot state that are consistent with independent diffusion. The experimental observations of knot–knot interactions under nanochannel confinement are inconsistent with previous simulation-based and experimental results for stretched polymers under tension wherein the knots attract and then stay close to each other. This inconsistency is postulated to result from a weaker fluctuation-induced attractive force between knots under confinement when compared to the knots under tension, the latter of which experience larger fluctuations in transverse directions.
Can repelling electrons form bound pairs
Authors: Claro F , Robles P 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Electrons are elementary particles that repel each other due to their same electric charge. In certain cases however, the effect of quantum coherence in an appropriate environment may act to overcome this natural tendency, making electrons behave as if there was an attraction between them and form bound pairs that move as a unit. We discuss a simple case, where this unexpected binding is mediated by a rigid crystalline environment. The paper is addressed to students and teachers with an elementary knowledge of quantum, and solid state, physics.
Supersolid phase induced by artificial gauge fields
Authors: Zhang Dian-Cheng , Feng Shi-Ping , Yang Shi-Jie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The ground state phases of ultracold bosons in a ladder optical lattice subjected to a magnetic field are studied. With the inhomogeneous Gutzwiller variational method, we find that a modulated supersolid phase appears as the magnetic flux increases. The dependence of the supersolid period on the magnetic flux satisfies the commensurate conditions of integer times of 2π/ϕ.
Solar-plasma reactors for CO2 conversion
Authors: Trelles Juan Pablo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) for the synthesis of fuels and chemicals utilizing renewable energy, such as solar irradiation or electricity from renewable energy sources, can lead to economic development and CO2 emissions mitigation. Solar-plasma processes aim to exploit the sustainability benefits of solar thermochemical methods and the versatility and efficiency of plasmachemical approaches. The rationale, design, and characterization of solar-plasma reactors for CO2 conversion is presented. Solar-plasma chemical conversion processes can be classified by the relative magnitudes of input solar and electric power as either solar-enhanced plasmachemical (SEP) or plasma-enhanced solar thermochemical (PES). The implementation and evaluation of two types of solar-plasma reactors, namely solar-microwave plasma aimed at SEP chemical conversion processes and solar-gliding arc discharge for PES processes, are reviewed and contrasted. Strategies for the advancement of solar-plasma reactors for chemical synthesis are discussed.
Modeling oxidised polypyrrole in the condensed phase with a novel force field
Authors: Abere Yoseph , Helmick Greg , Blaisten-Barojas Estela 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A novel model potential is developed for simulating oxidised oligopyrroles in condensed phases. The force field is a coarse grained model that represents the pyrrole monomers as planar rigid bodies with fixed charge and dipole moment and the chlorine dopants as point atomic charges. The analytic function contains 17 adjustable parameters that are initially fitted on a database of small structures calculated within all-electron density functional theory. A subsequent potential function refinement is pursued with a battery of condensed phase isothermal–isobaric Metropolis Monte Carlo in-silico simulations at ambient conditions with the goal of implementing a hybrid parametrization protocol enabling agreement with experimentally known thermodynamic properties of oxidised polypyrrole. The condensed system is composed of oligomers containing 12 monomers with a 1:3 dopant-to-monomer concentration. The final set of force field optimised parameters yields an equilibrium density of the condensed system at ambient conditions in excellent agreement with oxidised polypyrrole samples synthesised in wet-laboratories.
Effect of void in deformation and damage mechanism of single crystal copper: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Rajput Ashutosh , Paul Surajit Kumar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The current study investigates the deformation and damage mechanism of single crystal copper in the presence of a void located at the copper cell center. Tensile and compressive deformations are conducted in two loading modes, uniaxial and triaxial. Alteration in mechanical properties is observed due to the presence of void in different deformation modes. In uniaxial deformation, a smooth gradient in stress and strain distribution are evident before dislocation nucleation, i.e. in the elastic domain. However, inhomogeneity in stress and strain distribution are noted during the plastic deformation, i.e. after dislocations emission. Stress concentration remains high near the void surface ahead of the dislocation emission. Stress and strain concentration play a substantials role in nucleating defects (i.e. dislocation and stacking fault) from the void surface. Moreover, the void growth in tension and void shrinking in compression are found due to the emission/shrink of dislocations from the void surface. Consequently, an effective rate of dislocation emission enhances the growth rate of the void, as it happens in triaxial tensile deformation.
A new colorimetric assay for sensitive detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency based on silver nanoparticles
Authors: Behzadifar Shakila , Hosseini Morteza , Mohammadnejad Javad , Asiabanha Majid 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGlucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the principal enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway that plays a fundamental role in the production of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, which is very important in preventing the oxidation of cells, especially red blood cells. This enzyme deficiency was associated with many disorders, the most common of which were hemolysis episodes. In the last decade, nanoparticles have been used to design optical and electronic sensors due to their unique properties. This report presents a new colorimetric method that used silver nanoparticles to detect glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity directly. The glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase detection mechanism was based on an aggregation of silver nanoparticles, leading to increased nanoparticle size, which causes discoloration. In the presence of the enzyme, the color of the solution was yellow, and when the enzyme was not present, the color of the solution was grayish. Utilizing this method, colorimetric sensing of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase was gained with a detection limit of 0.009 U ml−1and a linear range of 0–16.0 U ml−1. In this way, the presence or absence of the enzyme can be easily detected with the naked eye during one step.
Investigation of optical absorption enhancement of plasmonic configuration by graphene on LiNbO3-SiO2 structure
Authors: Liu Kaijing , Lu Fei , Xu Yuhang , Ma Changdong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A novel plasmonic structure is demonstrated by combining graphene with a planar LiNbO3 thin layer, which is simple and easy to fabricate compared to the complex design of general graphene surface plasmons devices. Graphene from the chemical vapor deposition is investigated and characterized to be a continuous and uniform monolayer or fewlayer. LiNbO3 capped by graphene layer show an extraordinary absorption enhancement in an attenuated total reflection (ATR) measurement at a wide bandwidth of 500–4000 cm−1, which can be explained by resonance absorption resulting from the coupling of graphene surface plasmons with optical modes of LiNbO3-SiO2 Fabry–Perot cavity and LiNbO3 planar waveguide. The simulation results are generally consistent with the ATR experimental results. The absorption spectra versus temperature of this plasmonic configuration is also investigated, which show that increasing the testing temperature not only highlights the atomic vibrational peaks of graphene, but also enhances the absorption at several characteristic absorption frequencies due to the enhanced coupling between the surface plamons excitations and the optical modes.
Electroreduction of CO2 to ethanol by electrochemically deposited Cu-lignin complexes on Ni foam electrodes
Authors: Chanda Debabrata , Tufa Ramato Ashu , Aili David , Basu Suddhasatwa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A low cost, non-toxic and highly selective catalyst based on a Cu-lignin molecular complex is developed for CO2 electroreduction to ethanol. Ni foam (NF), Cu–Ni foam (Cu–NF) and Cu-lignin-Ni foam (Cu-lignin-NF) were prepared by a facile and reproducible electrochemical deposition method. The electrochemical CO2 reduction activity of Cu-lignin-NF was found to be higher than Cu–NF. A maximum faradaic efficiency of 23.2% with current density of 22.5 mA cm−2 was obtained for Cu-lignin-NF at −0.80 V (versus RHE) in 0.1 M Na2SO4 towards ethanol production. The enhancement of catalytic performance is attributed to the growth of the number of active sites and the change of oxidation states of Cu and NF due to the presence of lignin.
Use of plasma electron spectroscopy method to detect hydrocarbons, alcohols, and ammonia in nonlocal plasma of short glow discharge
Authors: Zhou Chen , Yao Jingfeng , Saifutdinov Almaz I , Kudryavtsev Anatoly A , Yuan Chengxun , Zhou Zhongxiang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The method of plasma electron spectroscopy (PLES) is further developed for the analysis of impurities of organic molecules and ammonia in this work. In particular, for the first time the PLES method was used to detect the hydrocarbons impurities: alkanes (methane) and alkenes (ethylene), as well as their derivatives alcohols (ethanol), radicals, and ammonia. As the energies of the registered characteristic electrons are different for different chemical compounds, an important advantage of the PLES method is the fact that it allows simultaneous (in one measurement) registration of various impurities. This work presents a prototype of a PLES-gas analyzer based on nonlocal plasma of negative glow of a short glow discharge in helium.
Effect of an inserted Al2O3 passivation layer for atomic layer deposited HfO2 on indium phosphide
Authors: Xu Qian , Ding Yao-Xin , Zheng Zhi-Wei , Ying Lei-Ying , Zhang Bao-Ping 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate indium phosphide (InP) metal–oxide–semiconductor capacitors (MOSCAPs) with single HfO2 and stacked HfO2/Al2O3 dielectrics. Based on these capacitors, the effect of an inserted Al2O3 passivation layer with various thicknesses on the properties of InP MOSCAPs was further statistically investigated. By inserting a 2 nm thick Al2O3 passivation layer between high-κ HfO2 and the InP substrate, the characteristics including the frequency dispersion, leakage current and interface trap density (D
it) were effectively improved, which could be attributed to the large bandgap of Al2O3 that suppressed substrate element diffusion and reduced oxidation of the InP substrate. A low D
it of ∼3.8 × 1011 cm−2 eV−1 that was comparable to that of previously reported InP MOSCAPs was achieved. However, with the thickness of Al2O3 decreasing from 2 to 1 nm, the frequency dispersion and D
it were slightly increased, because such an ultrathin Al2O3 layer could not effectively suppress the diffusion and may induce substrate oxidation after annealing. The present results show that the incorporation of an Al2O3 passivation layer with suitable thickness has great promise in future high-performance InP device applications.
Fundamental insight in the design of multifilament MgB2 joint for boosting the persistent-mode operation
Authors: Kim Su-Hun , Patel Dipak , Maeda Minoru , Kim Minhee , Lee Se-Hee , Choi Seyong , Kim Jung Ho 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Persistent-mode operation is a key feature of magnetic resonance image systems to improve the required field stability. The superconducting joint is known to be beneficial for reducing all the resistant components in an electrically closed-circuit. The joint technique of magnesium diboride (MgB2) multifilamentary wire, however, is the main obstacle to the use of magnet in practical applications. In response, herein, we designed and developed a unique configuration of superconducting joint to further enhance the interconnection of exposed cores between two 18-multifilamentary wires. It was confirmed that developed joint samples achieved high critical current similar to a non-jointed wire. The proposed joint technique was directly applied to the MgB2 single-turn coil and MgB2 magnet for estimating a joint property through persistent-mode operation. This work provides fundamental insights into the design of persistent-mode MgB2 magnets to boost magnetic resonance image systems.
Free swimming of a squid-inspired axisymmetric system through jet propulsion
Authors: Bi Xiaobo , Zhu Qiang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
An axisymmetric fluid-structure interaction model based on the immersed-boundary approach is developed to study the self-propelled locomotion of a squid-inspired swimmer in relatively low Reynolds numbers (

O

(

1

0

2

)

). Through cyclic deformation, the swimmer generates intermittent jet flow, which, together with the added-mass effect associated with the body deformation, provides thrust. Through a control volume analysis we are able to determine the jet-related thrust. By adding it to the added-mass-related thrust we separate the net thrust on the body from the drag effect due to forward motion, so that the propulsion efficiency in free swimming is found. This numerical algorithm and thrust–drag decomposition method are used to study the dynamics of the bio-inspired locomotion system in different conditions, whereby the performance is characterized by the aforementioned propulsion efficiency as well as the conventionally defined cost of transport.
Agricultural water saving through technologies: a zombie idea
Authors: Pérez-Blanco C Dionisio , Loch Adam , Ward Frank , Perry Chris , Adamson David 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A zombie idea is one that has been repeatedly refuted by analysis and evidence, and should have died, but clings to life for reasons that are difficult to understand without further investigation. The perception that investments in modern irrigation systems automatically save water constitutes a zombie idea. On face value, most would accept that modernizing irrigation systems makes sense: agriculture represents 70% of global water withdrawals while physical irrigation efficiencies range between 25% and 50% worldwide—that is, most of the water entering the irrigation system never makes it to the targeted crop. However, the impacts of modern irrigation systems are complex, and as we show, usually have the opposite effect to that intended through altered cropping and water application decisions by farmers, that aggravate water scarcity. This paper investigates how this zombie idea forms; why it persists, even when proven wrong by scientific evidence; and how to overcome it.
Improved predictive performance of cyanobacterial blooms using a hybrid statistical and deep-learning method
Authors: Li Hu , Qin Chengxin , He Weiqi , Sun Fu , Du Pengfei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) threaten ecosystem functioning and human health at both regional and global levels, and this threat is likely to become more frequent and severe under climate change. Predictive information can help local water managers to alleviate or manage the adverse effects posed by CyanoHABs. Previous works have led to various approaches for predicting cyanobacteria abundance by feeding various environmental variables into statistical models or neural networks. However, these models alone may have limited predictive performance owing to their inability to capture extreme situations. In this paper, we consider the possibility of a hybrid approach that leverages the merits of these methods by integrating a statistical model with a deep-learning model. In particular, the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and long short-term memory (LSTM) were used in tandem to better capture temporal patterns of highly dynamic observations. Results show that the proposed ARIMA-LSTM model exhibited the promising potential to outperform the state-of-the-art baseline models for CyanoHAB prediction in highly variable time-series observations, characterized by nonstationarity and imbalance. The predictive error of the mean absolute error and root mean square error, compared with the best baseline model, were largely reduced by 12.4% and 15.5%, respectively. This study demonstrates the potential for the hybrid model to assist in cyanobacterial risk assessment and management, especially in shallow and eutrophic waters.
Interaction between sources and the superposition principle in interference phenomena
Authors: Welti R 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the explanations of the double slit experiment it is usually assumed that the superposition of the diffracted waves by two separate slits (one open and another closed) is the same as superimposing the diffracted waves when both slits are open at the same time. This naïve use of the superposition principle is generally not valid in either classical electromagnetism or quantum mechanics. As we will see, the diffraction diagram of one of the slits is altered when the other is open and when the slits are closer, the interaction between them is greater. In this work we will analyse the interaction between different types of sources (antennas, loudspeakers and, of course, slits) and we will show how this interaction explains the apparent anomalies in energy conservation and also the recent results of Young’s interference that show that the total diffracted intensity is reduced or increased depending on the distance between the slits. We also make a brief comment on the contributions of our work to the supposed looped trajectories of energy in interference phenomena.
Perspectives on the development of antibody-drug conjugates targeting ROR1 for hematological and solid cancers
Authors: Peng Haiyong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are targeted therapeutics generated by conjugation of cytotoxic small molecules to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) via chemical linkers. Due to their selective delivery of toxic payloads to antigen-positive cancer cells, ADCs demonstrate wider therapeutic indexes compared with conventional chemotherapy. After decades of intensive research and development, significant advances have been made in the field, leading to a total of 10 U.S. food and drug administration (FDA)-approved ADCs to treat cancer patients. Currently, ~80 ADCs targeting different antigens are under clinical evaluation for treatment of either hematological or solid malignancies. Notably, three ADCs targeting the same oncofetal protein, receptor tyrosine kinase like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1), have attracted considerable attention when they were acquired or licensed successively in the fourth quarter of 2020 by three major pharmaceutical companies. Apparently, ROR1 has emerged as an attractive target for cancer therapy. Since all the components of ADCs, including the antibody, linker and payload, as well as the conjugation method, play critical roles in ADC’s efficacy and performance, their choice and combination will determine how far they can be advanced. This review summarizes the design and development of current anti-ROR1 ADCs and highlights an emerging trend to target ROR1 for cancer therapy.
From Pests to Keystone Species: Ecosystem Influences and Human Perceptions of Harvester Ants (Pogonomyrmex,Veromessor, andMessorspp.)
Authors: Uhey Derek A , Hofstetter Richard W 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHarvester ants (Latreille) (Formicidae: Hymenoptera) have traditionally been labeled as pests within their native ranges from perceived effects on crop production and rangeland productivity. Yet, modern research casts doubt on many of these perceived detrimental effects and instead suggests that harvester ants act as keystone species that largely benefit both ecosystems and human activities. Through nest engineering and trophic interactions (such as seed harvesting and predation), harvester ants have considerable direct and indirect effects on community structure and ecosystem functioning. Here we summarize the ecological roles of harvester ants and review their services and disservices to ecosystems and human activities. In doing so, we help clarify perceived keystone and pest roles of harvester ants and their implications for rangeland management. We find the numerous keystone roles of harvester ants to be well-supported compared to perceived pest roles. We also highlight areas where further research into their roles in natural and managed systems is needed.
Comparison of the Analysis of Respirable Crystalline Silica in Workplace Air by Direct-on-Filter Methods using X-ray Diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Ichikawa Akemi , Volpato John , O’Donnell Gregory E , Mazereeuw Martin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A comparison of the analysis of respirable crystalline silica direct-on-filter methods using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was undertaken using 253 real workplace air samples from road construction and tunnelling, coal mining, and kitchen benchtop manufacturing in Australia. Using pure α-quartz standards, XRD and FT-IR direct-on-filter analyses produced identical test results, however, the real workplace samples showed a clear discrepancy between FT-IR and XRD results with on average a 9% positive bias of the FT-IR results. The cause of the positive bias was due to matrix interferences which was confirmed by using synthetic mixture air samples. Approximately a third of the data by direct-on-filter method using FT-IR was assessed to be invalid based on the peak height ratio criterion due to excessive interferences and weight overload limitations. The XRD method showed better results due to less interference from the common matrices. XRD could handle up to twice the sample loading and at higher loadings up to 7 mg when a correction was applied. It was also able to achieve a lower limit of detection of 2 µg filter−1 when a slower scan condition was utilized.