bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical utility of anti‐cytosolic 5’‐nucleotidase 1A antibody in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
Authors: Ikenaga Chiseko , Findlay Andrew R. , Goyal Namita A. , Robinson Sarah , Cauchi Jonathan , Hussain Yessar , Wang Leo H. , Kershen Joshua C. , Beson Brent A. , Wallendorf Michael , Bucelli Robert C. , Mozaffar Tahseen , Pestronk Alan , Weihl Conrad C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo define the clinicopathologic features and diagnostic utility associated with anti‐cytosolic 5′‐nucleotidase 1A (NT5C1A) antibody seropositivity in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs).MethodsAnti‐NT5C1A antibody status was clinically tested between 2014 and 2019 in the Washington University neuromuscular clinical laboratory. Using clinicopathologic information available for 593 patients, we classified them as inclusion body myositis (IBM), dermatomyositis, antisynthetase syndrome, immune‐mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM), nonspecific myositis, or noninflammatory muscle diseases.ResultsOf 593 patients, anti‐NT5C1A antibody was found in 159/249 (64%) IBM, 11/53 (21%) dermatomyositis, 7/27 (26%) antisynthetase syndrome, 9/76 (12%) IMNM, 20/84 (24%) nonspecific myositis, and 6/104 (6%) noninflammatory muscle diseases patients. Among patients with IBM, anti‐NT5C1A antibody seropositive patients had more cytochrome oxidase‐negative fibers compared with anti‐NT5C1A antibody seronegative patients. Among 14 IBM patients initially negative for anti‐NT5C1A antibody, three patients (21%) converted to positive. Anti‐NT5C1A antibody seropositivity did not correlate with malignancy, interstitial lung disease, response to treatments in dermatomyositis, antisynthetase syndrome, and IMNM, or survival in IIMs.InterpretationAnti‐NT5C1A antibody is associated with IBM. However, the seropositivity can also be seen in non‐IBM IIMs and it does not correlate with any prognostic factors or survival.
Concentration Gradients in Material Sciences: Methods to Design and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Hua Dawei , Xiong Ranhua , Braeckmans Kevin , Scheid Benoit , Huang Chaobo , Sauvage Félix , De Smedt Stefaan C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractConcentration gradients are at the basis of many natural phenomena and hold great importance in human and plant biology. This basic phenomenon has inspired many material scientists to confer novel and original properties to materials with numerous biomedical and pharmaceutical applications such as drug discovery, controlled release of drugs, tissue engineering, orthopedic implants and time–temperature indicators, amongst others. While the generation of gradients in solution is well described, their incorporation in solid materials remains challenging. This study reviews concepts and methods reported to generate gradients in respective solutions and (at the surface or in) solid materials like polymer scaffolds and matrices. This article also discusses how innovative materials possessing such gradients may be applied in biomedicine and pharmacy.
Effect of Palladium‐Tetrakis(Triphenylphosphine) Catalyst Traces on Charge Recombination and Extraction in Non‐Fullerene‐based Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Schopp Nora , Brus Viktor V. , Lee Jaewon , Dixon Alana , Karki Akchheta , Liu Tuo , Peng Zhengxing , Graham Kenneth R. , Ade Harald , Bazan Guillermo C. , Nguyen Thuc‐Quyen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe effect of the cross‐coupling catalyst tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (Pd(PPh3)4) on the performance of a model organic bulk‐heterojunction solar cell composed of a blend of poly([2,6′‐4,8‐di(5‐ethylhexylthienyl)benzo[1,2‐b;3,3‐b]dithiophene]{3‐fluoro‐2[(2‐ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4‐b]thiophenediyl}) (PTB7‐Th) donor and 3,9‐bis(2‐methylene‐((3‐(1,1‐dicyanomethylene)‐6,7‐difluoro)‐indanone))‐5,5,11,11‐tetrakis(4‐hexylphenyl)‐dithieno[2,3‐d:2′,3′‐d′]‐s‐indaceno[1,2‐b:5,6‐b′]dithiophene (IOTIC‐4F) non‐fullerene acceptor is investigated. The effect of intentional addition of different amounts of Pd(PPh3)4 on morphology, free charge carrier generation, non‐geminate bulk trap‐ and surface trap‐assisted recombination as well as bimolecular recombination and charge extraction is quantified. This work shows that free charge carrier generation is affected significantly, while the impact of Pd(PPh3)4 on non‐geminate recombination processes is limited because the catalyst does not facilitate efficient trap‐assisted recombination. The studied system shows substantial robustness towards the addition of Pd(PPh3)4 in small amounts.
Encapsulating Sulfides into Tridymite/Carbon Reactors Enables Stable Sodium Ion Conversion/Alloying Anode with High Initial Coulombic Efficiency Over 89%
Authors: Liu Yani , Li Linpo , Zhan Renming , Xu Maowen , Jiang Jian , Liu Jinping 
Published: February 2021

AbstractElectrode dissolution/collapses and interfacial reactions pose challenges to batteries, leading to pronounced capacity loss particularly during the initial few cycles. As high‐capacity conversion/alloying anodes for sodium storage, metal sulfides generally show unsatisfactory performances like poor initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE; mostly <70% in the usual electrolyte) and inferior cyclic stability due to thick solid‐electrolyte interface (SEI) layer formation and ubiquitous volume/phase changes. Using SnS2 as an example, here, sulfides are elaborately encapsulated into functionalized amorphous tridymite/carbon reactors to address the above issues. The outer tridymite/carbon manifests good ionic permeability and superb electrochemical/mechanical tolerance against destructive Na+ insertion. Confining actives into tailored reactors endows SnS2 full of nanoboundaries with an ultrahigh ICE of ≈89.13% and remarkable electrochemical attributes including large initial capacity (Max. 733.24 mAh g−1), prominent stability in subsequent cycles, and excellent rate capability. Detailed investigation unveils that thin and steady SEI condition on tridymite/carbon rather than SnS2 is key to achieving outstanding ICE. Engineered reactors always keep intact and free of valence‐state changes, guaranteeing capacities running at a high level without an evident downtrend. Their peculiar functions on enlisting Na+ diffusion/transport and inhibiting sulfides’ release are also discussed. Packed full‐cell Na‐ion batteries with less irreversibility may show great potential in practical utilizations.
Oriented Perovskite Growth Regulation Enables Sensitive Broadband Detection and Imaging of Polarized Photons Covering 300–1050 nm
Authors: Han Zeyao , Fu Weifei , Zou Yousheng , Gu Yu , Liu Jiaxin , Huang Bo , Yu Dejian , Cao Fei , Li Xiaoming , Xu Xiaobao , Zeng Haibo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPhotodetectors selective to the polarization empower breakthroughs in sensing technology for target identification. However, the realization of polarization‐sensitive photodetectors based on intrinsically anisotropic crystal structure or extrinsically anisotropic device pattern requires complicated epitaxy and etching processes, which limit scalable production and application. Here, solution‐processed PEA2MA4(Sn0.5Pb0.5)5I16 (PEA= phenylethylammonium, MA= methylammonium) polycrystalline film is probed as photoactive layer toward sensing polarized photon from 300 to 1050 nm. The growth of the PEA2MA4(Sn0.5Pb0.5)5I16 crystal occurs in confined crystallographic orientation of the (202) facet upon the assistance of NH4SCN and NH4Cl, enhancing anisotropic photoelectric properties. Therefore, the photodetector achieves a polarization ratio of 0.41 and dichroism ratio (Imax/Imin) of 2.4 at 900 nm. At 520 nm, the Imax/Imin even surpasses the one of the perovskite crystalline films, 1.8 and ≈1.2, respectively. It is worth noting that the superior figure‐of‐merits possess a response width of 900 kHz, Ion/Ioff ratio of ≈3 × 108, linear dynamic range from 0.15 nW to 12 mW, noise current of 8.28 × 10−13 A × Hz−0.5, and specific detectivity of 1.53 × 1012 Jones, which demonstrate high resolution and high speed for weak signal sensing and imaging. The proof of concept in polarized imaging confirms that the polarization‐sensitive photodetector meets the requirements for practical application in target recognition.
Increasing the Hot‐Electron Driven Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Rate on a Metal‐Free Graphene Electrode
Authors: Chae Hyun Uk , Ahsan Ragib , Tao Jun , Cronin Stephen B. , Kapadia Rehan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecently, it has been shown that a semiconductor–insulator–graphene device can drive the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the graphene surface with a reduced onset potential by injecting hot electrons into graphene. However, the catalytic properties of graphene are limited by the large hydrogen adsorption energy and lack of electrochemically active sites. To address these limitations, a n‐silicon/insulator/plasma etched graphene device is investigated, where a dry etch process is used to increase the number of active sites on the graphene by creating a greater number of active edge sites, increasing hydrogen adsorption at a given potential. This has been shown to improve the properties of devices with cold electrons. However, here it is shown that this approach can improve the HER rate with hot electrons. The electrons injected into the graphene from the silicon shift the onset potential of HER by as high as ≈0.8 V reaching a current density of 90 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of ‐0.5 V versus RHE. Furthermore, the comparison between device with pristine graphene shows a ≈2X improvement in current density at high overpotentials. This result shows that hot‐electron devices can be improved by modifying the catalytically active sites without metal catalysts.
Antisolvent‐Induced Fastly Grown All‐Inorganic Perovskite CsPbCl3 Microcrystal Films for High‐Sensitive UV Photodetectors
Authors: Zhu Zhihao , Deng Wen , Li Wen , Chun Fengjun , Luo Chao , Xie Meilin , Pu Ben , Lin Na , Gao Bo , Yang Weiqing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCsPbCl3‐based inorganic perovskite ultraviolet photodetectors (UV‐PDs) have a great promise for the wide application prospects due to the desirably UV‐matched energy band and the excellent intrinsic optoelectronic properties. However, the traditional high‐temperature Bridgman method (near 600 °C) and complexly time‐consuming vapor preparation (several days) of high‐quality CsPbCl3 crystals have badly restricted its commercial applications to date. Herein, an antisolvent‐induced crystallization kinetics (ACK) strategy is demonstrated for the quick lower‐temperature fabrication (50 °C, tens of minutes) of excellent continuous highly crystalline CsPbCl3 microcrystal films (MCFs) with low trap density (1.42 × 1012 cm−3). Further, the as‐developed CsPbCl3 MCF‐based UV‐PDs present a high detectivity of 5.6 × 1012 Jones, a superior responsivity of 2.11 A W−1, and robust stability. Evidently, this work provides a rapid and simple method to prepare high‐quality perovskite MCFs, greatly promoting the commercial development of perovskite‐based photodetectors.
Rapid Fabrication of Alcohol Responsive Photonic Prints with Changeable Color Contrasts for Anti‐Counterfeiting Application
Authors: Yang Dongpeng , Ouyang Cheng , Zhang Yuqi , Ma Dekun , Huang Shaoming 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEfficient fabrication of responsive photonic prints (RPPs) with specific functionalities is imminently desired owing to its applications in display, anti‐photobleaching, and anti‐counterfeiting. Here, RPPs with changeable color contrasts are fabricated through the region selective swelling of the swellable photonic crystals paper with 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) as ink followed by fixing the structures of the swelled regions by photopolymerization. The fabrication process is considerable simple, fast, and efficient, and multicolor RPPs with any desired patterns can be generated within 6 min. Different from the dual/triple color contrasts of conventional RPPs, the as‐prepared RPPs can instantly and reversibly show five color contrasts [(blue/transparent/green/yellow/red)‐red] in the alcohol solution owing to the asymmetric swelling behavior between the background and pattern. The similar solubility parameter between the photonic paper and HEMA/ethanol is the key for the fast fabrication process and abundant color contrasts of RPPs in solvents. The simple and rapid fabrications as well as the responsive properties will extend the applications of RPPs in color display, information storage, and anti‐counterfeiting.
Laser‐Induced Reversible and Irreversible Surface Nanostructuring
Authors: Li Hui , Qin Junling , Cao Zhiguang , Su Zixue 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHarnessing the 4D transmission electron microscopy (4D‐TEM) technique capable of in situ study of light‐material interactions with high spatiotemporal resolution, the authors are able to demonstrate the formation of a reversible laser‐induced periodic surface structure (RLIPSS) on the top few‐nanometer surface of free‐standing amorphous thin films of silicon nitride and silicon dioxide. Compared with commonly reported permanent laser‐induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) grown on thermal ablation of materials, highly ordered RLIPSS here develop in a nonthermal manner by femtosecond laser irradiation with unprecedented low intensity down to 10 000 times lower than their reported ablation thresholds. This reversible structure can undergo a transition to permanent structure with increasing laser intensity and number of laser shots. The orientation of the RLIPSS exhibits an unexpected memory of laser polarization, making it a potential candidate for future ultrafast rewritable photo‐image recording. These experimental results exclude the widely accepted formation mechanism of LIPSS based on the interference between the incident light with the surface scattering waves or the surface plasmon polaritons, and suggest a novel mechanism for surface laser micromachining, relevant to the laser‐induced production of charged point defects and the polarization‐dependent generation of tensile stress induced by electrostatic repulsion.
Turning Trash into Treasure: MXene with Intrinsic LiF Solid Electrolyte Interfaces Performs Better and Better during Battery Cycling
Authors: Xu Hao , Zhu Wen , Sun Fengzhan , Qi Hu , Zou Jianxin , Laine Richard , Ding Wenjiang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCommercialization of lithium ion batteries has accelerated dramatically over the last few decades. Single‐layered Ti3C2 (s‐Ti3C2) is effectively prepared by etching Ti3AlC2 via simple treatment with HCl and LiF, producing inevitably sediments always discarded after etching. This study explores the effect of LiF doping of multilayered Ti3C2 to form m‐Ti3C2/LiF consisting essentially of the sediments. Simple half‐cells assembled with m‐Ti3C2/LiF sediments suggest that LiF suppresses electrode volume expansion and surface cracking during cycling promoting Li+ intercalation/deintercalation. The data also suggest that LiF promotes formation of stable artificial solid electrolyte interfaces to prevent electrolyte and electrode degradation. The capacity of m‐Ti3C2/LiF sediments derived cells maintains 136 mAh g−1 after 1500 cycles at 300 mA g−1 while s‐Ti3C2 from supernatants physically mixed with 20 wt% LiF shows a capacity of 335 mAh g−1 (100th cycle) at 100 mA g−1 with an initial coulombic efficiency of 83%. Half‐cell anodes made of Ti3C2 etched by HF, commercial TiO2, and Sn powder mixed physically with 20 wt% LiF exhibit improved performance with cycling. These results indicate that the always discarded sediments can be directly used in LIBs and simple doping with LiF obviously improves the electrochemical performance of materials.
Avalanche Effect and High External Quantum Efficiency in MgZnO/Au/ZnO Sandwich Structure Photodetector
Authors: Zhao Xinjing , Jiang Dayong , Zhao Man , Duan Yuhan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) structure is widely applied in photodetectors (PDs) owing to its simple preparation method and a more effective light collecting area. However, the realization of weak light detection remains a daunting challenge, attributed to the low external quantum efficiency (EQE) in MSM‐based PDs. Herein, sandwich structure PD (SSPD), a new structure of PD based on MSM structure, is presented to solve the problem of low gain in MSM PDs. Herein, the high‐EQE MgZnO/Au/ZnO SSPD with avalanche effect is reported for the first time. The avalanche effect is realized by changing the position of electronic transmission through energy band engineering between MgZnO and ZnO in the sandwich structure. The SSPD exhibits high EQE when photogenerated carriers get transported at the interface of ZnO and MgZnO. Under 275 nm illumination, the MgZnO/Au/ZnO SSPD achieves avalanche multiplication at 63 V and shows EQE of up to 502780% at 90 V. These results reveal that a high EQE originates from the special sandwich structure existing in MgZnO/Au/ZnO SSPD. This study presents possible guidance for high‐performance ZnO‐based avalanche PD for applications in telecommunications, sensing, and single‐photon detection.
High Efficiency Green‐Emitting LuAG:Ce Ceramic Phosphors for Laser Diode Lighting
Authors: Ding Hui , Liu Zehua , Hu Pan , Liu Yongfu , Sun Peng , Luo Zhaohua , Chen Xipao , Jiang Haochuan , Jiang Jun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLu3Al5O12:Ce3+ (LuAG:Ce3+) ceramic phosphors (CPs) are regarded as the most promising green color converter and play a key role in high quality white light in the next‐generation laser diode (LD) lighting. High efficient LuAG:Ce3+ CPs are still urgent for high luminous efficacy (LE) LD lighting devices. By designing the Ba2+–Si4+ pair to keep charge balance and annealing in air to remove oxygen vacancy defects, the luminescent properties of LuAG:Ce CPs are greatly enhanced. The LE is promoted to 216.9 lm W−1, which is the best performance of LuAG:Ce in LD lighting so far. Strategies for optimizing LuAG:Ce3+ CPs are detailed. It is believed that this work makes a big step and the proposed strategies will inspire more researchers to approach high performance of Al‐based garnet CPs and accelerate the development of LD lighting.
Controlled Nucleation and Growth of Carbon Nitride Films on CNT Fiber Fabric for Photoelectrochemical Applications
Authors: Karjule Neeta , Rana Moumita , Shalom Menny , Barrio Jesús , Vilatela Juan José 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe controlled growth of carbon nitride (CN) films with tailored electronic properties and surface area is quite challenging due to the solid‐state reaction and the lack of efficient interaction between CN monomers and substrates. Herein, controlled growth of CN films over robust carbon nanotubes (CNT) fiber fabric is reported, which is obtained by either direct calcination of melamine on their surface, that yields a bulk material, or by its chemical vapor deposition resulting in hybrid films. These materials are effective electrodes consisting of high surface‐area CN containing CNT fiber fabrics acting as a scaffold and a highly conducting built‐in current collector. The results confirm that CNTs act as nucleation centers for the formation of CN films, forming close contact at the CN/CNT interphase, and resulting in efficient charge transfer upon illumination and enhanced electrochemical surface area.
Flexophotovoltaic Effect in Potassium Sodium Niobate/Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride‐Trifluoroethylene) Nanocomposite
Authors: Wang Chenchen , Zhang Yang , Zhang Bowen , Wang Bo , Zhang Jinxi , Chen Long‐Qing , Zhang Qiming , Wang Zhong Lin , Ren Kailiang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFlexoelectricity is an electromechanical coupling effect in which electric polarization is generated by a strain gradient. In this
investigation, a potassium sodium niobite/poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) (KNN/PVDF‐TrFE)‐based nanocomposite is fabricated, and the flexoelectric effect is used to enhance the photovoltaic current (Ipv) in the nanocomposite. It is found that both a pyroelectric current and photovoltaic current can be generated simultaneously in a light illumination process. However, the photovoltaic current (Ipv) in this process contributes ≈85% of the total current. When assessing the effect of flexoelectricity with a curvature of 1/20, the Ipv of the curved KNN/PVDF‐TrFE (20%) (K/P‐20) composite increased by ≈13.9% compared to that of the flat K/P‐20 nanocomposite. Similarly, at a curvature of 1/20, the Ipv of the K/P‐20 nanocomposite is 71.6% higher than that of the PVDF‐TrFE film. However, the photovoltaic effect induced by flexoelectricity is much higher than the increased polarization from flexoelectricity, so this effect is called as the flexophotovoltaic effect. Furthermore, the calculated energy conversion efficiency of the K/P‐20 film is 0.017%, which is comparable to the previous research result. This investigation shows great promise for PVDF‐based nanocomposites in ferroelectric memory device applications.
Use of craniometric data to facilitate migrant identifications at the United States/Mexico border
Authors: Spradley M. Katherine 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesThousands of migrants have died along the United States/Mexico border and many remain unidentified. The purpose of this research is to test whether estimations of population affinity, derived from craniometric data, can facilitate identification of migrant remains and provide a geographic region of origin rather than the broad label Hispanic. The appropriateness of current forensic reference data will also be assessed.MethodsA case study combined with craniometric data from positively identified and unidentified migrants from the Pima County Office of the Medical Examiner (n = 489) in Arizona and operation identification (n = 201) in Texas were compared to skeletal data representing Guatemalan (n = 87) and Mexican (n = 65) Mayans. Biological distance and discriminant function analyses were used to assess overall population relationships and classificatory models for forensic anthropological application.ResultsThe majority of evidence indicates that estimations of population affinity can assist in the facilitation identification of migrant remains, even when a broad classification is used. Biological distances among the groups suggest that positively identified Guatemalan and Mexican migrants are similar to one another but differ from Guatemalan and Mexican Mayans.ConclusionsPopulation affinity estimations can aid migrant identification, and current reference data used in forensic anthropological practice should be replaced with data from positive identifications. Estimates of geographic origin may be more useful than the broad generic term Hispanic for narrowing down the search for a missing person, but more data and research is needed to achieve this goal. Although, the utility of geographic origin estimates relies on transnational data centralization and sharing, which is not always the case.
Intramolecular Stereoselective Stetter Reaction Catalyzed by Benzaldehyde Lyase
Authors: Chen Xiaoyang , Wang Zhiguo , Lou Yujiao , Peng Yongzhen , Zhu Qiaoyan , Xu Jian , Wu Qi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe reliable design and prediction of enzyme promiscuity to access transformations not observed in nature remains a long‐standing challenge. Herein, we present the first example of an intramolecular stereoselective Stetter reaction catalyzed by benzaldehyde lyase, guided by the rational structure screening of various ThDP‐dependent enzymes using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. After optimization, high productivity (up to 99 %) and stereoselectivity (up to 99:1 e.r.) for this novel enzyme function was achieved.