bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disparities in magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate for traditionally underserved patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Quinn Timothy P. , Sanda Martin G. , Howard David H. , Patil Dattatraya , Filson Christopher P. 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUNDPrebiopsy magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the prostate improves detection of significant tumors, while decreasing detection of less‐aggressive tumors. Therefore, its use has been increasing over time. In this study, the use of prebiopsy MRI among Medicare beneficiaries with prostate cancer was examined. It was hypothesized that patients of color and those in isolated areas would be less likely to undergo this approach for cancer detection.METHODSUsing cancer registry data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program linked to billing claims for fee‐for‐service Medicare beneficiaries, men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer were identified from 2010 through 2015 with prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) <30 ng/mL. Outcome was prebiopsy MRI of the prostate performed within 6 months before diagnosis (ie, Current Procedural Terminology 72197). Exposures were patient race/ethnicity and rural/urban status. Multivariable regression estimated the odds of prebiopsy prostate MRI. Post hoc analyses examined associations with the registry‐level proportion of non‐Hispanic Black patients and MRI use, as well as disparities in MRI use in registries with data on more frequent use of prostate MRI.RESULTSThere were 50,719 men identified with prostate cancer (mean age, 72.1 years). Overall, 964 men (1.9% of cohort) had a prebiopsy MRI. Eighty percent of patients with prebiopsy MRI lived in California, New Jersey, or Connecticut. Non‐Hispanic Black men (0.6% vs 2.1% non‐Hispanic White; odds ratio [OR], 0.28; 95% CI, 0.19‐0.40) and men in less urban areas (1.1% vs 2.2% large metro; OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.44‐0.97) were less likely to have prebiopsy MRI of the prostate.CONCLUSIONSNon‐Hispanic Black patients with prostate cancer and those in less urban areas were less likely to have prebiopsy MRI of the prostate during its initial adoption as a tool for improving prostate cancer detection.
Subclassification of the Bethesda Category III (AUS/FLUS): A study of thyroid FNA cytology based on ThinPrep slides from the National Cancer Center in China
Authors: Zhao Huan , Guo HuiQin , Zhao LinLin , Cao Jian , Sun Yue , Wang Cong , Zhang ZhiHui 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe atypia of an undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) category in the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) is a heterogeneous category, which includes various cell patterns. The subclassification of AUS/FLUS was suggested in the 2017 TBSRTC. However, the risk of malignancy (ROM) associated with different subgroups remains unresolved. Herein, AUS/FLUS aspirates were subclassified, from which the ROM of each subgroup was determined.MethodsAll cases undergoing fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) from July 2013 to December 2018 were reviewed. Of 12,913 thyroid FNAs, 1053 (8.2%) were AUS/FLUS. The slides of 222 patients with AUS/FLUS with surgical follow‐up were reviewed and subclassified according to the recommendations of the 2017 TBSRTC. There were 195 aspirates consistently diagnosed as AUS/FLUS and subclassified as cytologic atypia 1 (AUS‐C1); cytologic atypia 2 (AUS‐C2); architectural atypia (AUS‐A); cytologic and architectural atypia (AUS‐C&A); Hürthle cell aspirates (AUS‐H); atypia, not otherwise specified (AUS‐NOS); and atypical lymphoid cells, rule out lymphoma (AUS‐L).ResultsMalignancy was identified in 83.3% (185 of 222) of the AUS/FLUS nodules. The AUS‐C1 group was the most common (62.1%), followed by the AUS‐C&A (12.8%), AUS‐C2 (10.8%), AUS‐H (6.7%), AUS‐NOS (5.6%), AUS‐L (1.5%), and AUS‐A (0.5%) groups. AUS‐C1 had the highest ROM (92.6%) among the groups and varied significantly from that of the AUS‐C&A (P = .171), AUS‐C2 (P = .001), AUS‐H (P = .001), and AUS‐NOS (P < .001) groups.ConclusionsAs a heterogeneous category of TBSRTC, the ROM for AUS/FLUS varies greatly among medical centers. Subclassification of AUS/FLUS might be helpful in identifying nodules with a high ROM in this category and improving the management of such nodules.
The cost, survival, and quality‐of‐life implications of guideline‐discordant imaging for prostate cancer
Authors: Winn Aaron N. , Kelly Matthew , Ciprut Shannon , Walter Dawn , Gold Heather T. , Zeliadt Steven B. , Sherman Scott E. , Makarov Danil V. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundNational Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines for incident prostate cancer staging imaging have been widely circulated and accepted as best practice since 1996. Despite these clear guidelines, wasteful and potentially harmful inappropriate imaging of men with prostate cancer remains prevalent.AimTo understand changing population‐level patterns of imaging among men with incident prostate cancer, we created a state‐transition microsimulation model based on existing literature and incident prostate cancer cases.MethodsTo create a cohort of patients, we identified incident prostate cancer cases from 2004 to 2009 that were diagnosed in men ages 65 and older from SEER. A microsimulation model allowed us to explore how this cohort's survival, quality of life, and Medicare costs would be impacted by making imaging consistent with guidelines. We conducted a probabilistic analysis as well as one‐way sensitivity analysis.ResultsWhen only imaging high‐risk men compared to the status quo, we found that the population rate of imaging dropped from 53 to 38% and average per‐person spending on imaging dropped from $236 to $157. The discounted and undiscounted incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios indicated that ideal upfront imaging reduced costs and slightly improved health outcomes compared with current practice patterns, that is, guideline‐concordant imaging was less costly and slightly more effective.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the potential reduction in cost through the correction of inappropriate imaging practices. These findings highlight an opportunity within the healthcare system to reduce unnecessary costs and overtreatment through guideline adherence.
Probability and topic‐based data transmission protocol
Authors: Saito Takumi , Nakamura Shigenari , Enokido Tomoya , Takizawa Makoto 
Published: June 2021

SummaryIn the fog computing (FC) models, a fog node supports not only routing functions but also application processes. By the application processes, output data are calculated on input data from sensors and other nodes and sent to target fog nodes which can calculate on the output data. In this article, we consider the mobile topic‐based publish/subscribe fog computing (MPSFC) model where mobile fog nodes communicate with one another by publishing and subscribing messages in wireless networks. Subscription topics of a fog node denote input data on which the node can calculate output data. Publication topics of a message show data carried by the message. In the topic‐based data transmission (TBDT) protocol proposed in our previous studies, while a fewer number of messages are transmitted, the delivery ratio of messages is smaller than the epidemic routing protocol. In this article, we newly propose a pair of time‐to‐live‐based data transmission (TTLBDT) and probability and topic‐based data transmission (PTBDT) protocols in order to increase the delivery ratio. If another node is found in the communication range, a fog node forwards messages to the node. Even if the node is not a target node, the node receives the message with some probability in the PTBDT protocol. In the evaluation, we show the delivery ratios in the TTLBDT and PTBDT protocols are larger than the TBDT protocol. In addition, we show the number of messages exchanged in the PTBDT protocol is smaller than the epidemic routing protocol.
Curation Guidelines for de novo Generated Transposable Element Families
Authors: Storer Jessica M. , Hubley Robert , Rosen Jeb , Smit Arian F. A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTransposable elements (TEs) have the ability to alter individual genomic landscapes and shape the course of evolution for species in which they reside. Such profound changes can be understood by studying the biology of the organism and the interplay of the TEs it hosts. Characterizing and curating TEs across a wide range of species is a fundamental first step in this endeavor. This protocol employs techniques honed while developing TE libraries for a wide range of organisms and specifically addresses: (1) the extension of truncated de novo results into full‐length TE families; (2) the iterative refinement of TE multiple sequence alignments; and (3) the use of alignment visualization to assess model completeness and subfamily structure. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Extension and edge polishing of consensi and seed alignments derived from de novo repeat findersSupport Protocol: Generating seed alignments using a library of consensi and a genome assembly
Temporomandibular disorders in an adult population in northern Norway: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hadler‐Olsen Elin , Thon Elizabeth , Holde Gro Eirin , Jönsson Birgitta , Oscarson Nils , Tillberg Anders 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of symptoms indicative of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in an adult population in Troms County in Northern Norway, as well as the associations between TMD and socio‐demographic factors, dental status, self‐reported general, and oral health as well as oral health related quality of life (OHQoL).MethodsData were collected from a structured questionnaire and a clinical examination of a random sample of almost 2000 adults, 20–79‐year‐old, in Troms County in Northern Norway.ResultsWomen had a higher prevalence of all self‐reported and clinical signs of pain and dysfunction in the temporomandibular complex compared to men. For both genders, sounds from the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) upon clinical examination was the most common symptom, followed by pain to palpation of jaw muscles. Headache was the most common of the self‐reported symptoms and sounds from the TMJ the second most common. Young women had a higher prevalence of self‐reported headache and jaw‐ and face pain compared to middle‐aged and elderly women. TMD‐related symptoms of pain were significantly associated with poor self‐reported general health and correlated with OHQoL as assessed by the oral health impact profile 14 questionnaire.ConclusionBeing women and having moderate to poor self‐reported general health were associated with clinical signs and self‐reported symptoms of pain in the jaw, face and head region. Self‐reported symptoms of TMD correlated more strongly with OHQoL than clinical signs.
Biotechnology of Plastic Waste Degradation, Recycling, and Valorization: Current Advances and Future Perspectives
Authors: Qin Zi‐Hao , Mou Jin‐Hua , Chao Christopher Yu Huang , Chopra Shauhrat Singh , Daoud Walid , Leu Shao‐yuan , Ning Zhi , Tso Chi Yan , Chan Chak Keung , Tang Shixing , Hathi Zubeen Jyotiwadan , Haque Md Ariful , Wang Xiang , Lin Carol Sze Ki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough fossil‐based plastic products have many attractive characteristics, their production has led to severe environmental burdens that require immediate solutions. Despite these plastics being non‐natural chemical compounds, they can be degraded and metabolized by some microorganisms, which suggests the potential application of biotechnologies based on the mechanism of plastic biodegradation. In this context, microbe‐based strategies for the degradation, recycling, and valorization of plastic waste offer a feasible approach for alleviating environmental challenges created by the accumulation of plastic waste. This Minireview highlights recent advances in the biotechnology‐based biodegradation of both traditional polymers and bio‐based plastics, focusing on the mechanisms of biodegradation. From an application perspective, this Minireview also summarizes recent progress in the recycling and valorization of plastic waste, which are feasible solutions for tackling the plastic waste dilemma.
Modeling an aspirational connected network of protected areas across North America
Authors: Barnett Kevin , Belote R. Travis 
Published: June 2021

AbstractConnecting protected areas remains an important global conservation strategy in the face of ongoing and future threats to biodiversity. Amid our growing understanding of how species’ distributions will respond to climate change, conservation scientists need to plan for connectivity conservation across entire continents. We modeled multiscale connectivity priorities based on the least human‐modified lands between large protected areas of North America using least‐cost and circuit theory approaches. We first identified priority corridors between large protected areas, then characterized the network’s structure to unveil priority linkages most important for maintaining network‐ and regional‐level connectivity. Agreement between least‐cost corridors and current flow varied throughout North America, reflecting permeable landscape conditions and “pinch points” where potential ecological flows may concentrate between protected areas. Priority network‐level linkages derived from each approach were similar throughout the continental network (e.g., Rocky Mountains and Canadian boreal), but critical linkages that bridged regional protected‐area networks varied. We emphasize the importance of planning for connectivity at continental scales and demonstrate the utility of multiple methods when mapping connectivity priorities across large spatial extents with wide gradients in landscape conditions.
Responses of two dominant desert plant species to the changes in groundwater depth in hinterland natural oasis, Tarim Basin
Authors: Imin Bilal , Dai Yue , Shi Qingdong , Guo Yuchuan , Li Hao , Nijat Marhaba 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGroundwater is increasingly becoming a permanent and steady water source for the growth and reproduction of desert plant species due to the frequent channel cutoff events in arid inland river basins. Although it is widely acknowledged that the accessibility of groundwater has a significant impact on plant species maintaining their ecological function, little is known about the water use strategies of desert plant species to the groundwater availability in Daryaboyi Oasis, Central Tarim Basin. This study initially determined the desirable and stressing groundwater depths based on ecological and morphological parameters including UAV‐based fractional vegetation cover (FVC) images and plant growth status. Then, leaf δ13C values of small‐ and big‐sized plants were analyzed to reveal the water use strategies of two dominant woody species (Populus euphratica and Tamarix ramosissima) in response to the groundwater depth gradient. The changes in FVC and growth status of plants suggested that the actual groundwater depth should be kept at an appropriate range of about 2.1–4.3 m, and the minimum groundwater depth should be less than 7 m. This will ensure the protection of riparian woody plants at a normal growth state and guarantee the coexistence of both plant types. Under a desirable groundwater condition, water alternation (i.e., flooding and rising groundwater depth) was the main factor influencing the variation of plant water use efficiency. The obtained results indicated that big‐sized plants are more salt‐tolerant than small ones, and T. ramosissima has strong salt palatability than P. euphratica. With increasing groundwater depth, P. euphratica continuously decreases its growth status to maintain hydraulic efficiency in drought condition, while T. ramosissima mainly increases its water use efficiency first and decreases its growth status after then. Besides, in a drought condition, T. ramosissima has strong adaptability than P. euphratica. This study will be informative for ecological restoration and sustainable management of Daryaboyi Oasis and provides reference materials for future research programs.
Heterospecific competitors and seasonality can affect host physiology and behavior: key factors in disease transmission
Authors: Eleftheriou Andreas , Kuenzi Amy J. , Luis Angela D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEcological and environmental factors can influence the transmission of infectious diseases. They can accomplish this via effects on host susceptibility and exposure to infection, which are governed by host physiology and behavior, respectively. To better inform disease control, more information is needed about how extrinsic factors affect physiological and behavioral processes that determine transmission. We investigated how heterospecific competitors and seasonality may influence host susceptibility and intraspecific contact rates using a directly transmitted disease system, the North American deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)—Sin Nombre hantavirus (SNV) system. In grasslands of western Montana, USA, deer mice compete with dominant voles (Microtus spp.) and shrews (Sorex spp.) and experience a seasonal temperate climate. Higher SNV transmission occurs primarily during spring/summer, when changes in physiology and behavior may serve as influential contributors. We hypothesized that (1) voles, and to a lesser extent shrews, will induce chronic stress, suppress immunity, and may change contact rates of deer mice; and (2) during spring/summer, deer mice may experience chronic stress, suppressed immunity, and higher contact rates, which may help explain the reported seasonality in SNV transmission. Over two years, we trapped small mammals at four grids in western Montana. Deer mice were sampled for feces and blood and evaluated for scar numbers, demography, and body condition scores (BCSs). We evaluated stress physiology with fecal corticosterone metabolites (FCMs), neutrophil/lymphocyte (N/L) ratios and BCSs, immunity with white blood cell (WBC) counts, and contact rates with scar numbers. We found that shrew density was negatively associated with stress response FCMs, suggestive of chronic stress. Additionally, although complex interactions existed, shrew and vole densities were negatively associated with BCSs, but differentially with scar numbers. N/L ratios were higher in spring/summer, whereas WBC counts were lower in summer, suggestive of chronic stress and suppressed immunity, respectively. Our results suggest that (1) heterospecific competitors may differentially influence disease transmission via stress physiology and contact rates, and that (2) chronic stress, suppressed immunity, and higher contact rates may help explain why higher SNV transmission has been previously reported during spring/summer in Montana. Our findings may extend to other directly transmitted disease systems.
Molecular mechanisms of nonself nucleic acid recognition by the innate immune system
Authors: de Oliveira Mann Carina C. , Hornung Veit 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNucleic acids (NAs) represent one of the most important classes of molecules recognized by the innate immune system. However, NAs are not limited to pathogens, but are also present within the host. As such, the immune system has evolved an elaborate set of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) that employ various strategies to recognize distinct types of NAs, while reliably distinguishing between self and nonself. The here‐employed strategies encompass the positioning of NA‐sensing PRRs in certain subcellular compartments that potentially come in contact with pathogens but not host NAs, the existence of counterregulatory measures that keep endogenous NAs below a certain threshold, and also the specific identification of certain nonself patterns. Here, we review recent advances in the molecular mechanisms of NA recognition by TLRs, RLRs, and the cGAS–STING axis. We highlight the differences in NA‐PRR interfaces that confer specificity and selectivity toward an NA ligand, as well as the NA‐dependent induced conformational changes required for signal transduction.
Fear not of cognition in context
Authors: Prather Richard William 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHow do researchers of cognitive development work to make sure that our field evolves so that our contribution to humanity is emancipatory? We can take inspiration from researchers near and far. Inspiration may be found in other areas of psychological research (social, cultural, etc.) and other social sciences (public health, sociology, etc.). Frameworks developed in other fields (e.g., intersectionality, Crenshaw, University of Chicago Legal Forum, 1989(1), 139–167) may be helpful for our own interests and questions. If so, this will require some work in determining how these tools can be used to improve the state of cognitive research.
The prenatal diagnosis of a rare circular shunt with absent pulmonary valve syndrome
Authors: Inamura Noboru , Takada Nori , Marutani Satoshi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAbsent pulmonary valve syndrome (APVS) with tricuspid atresia is very rare. We report a case of APVS in which the fetus died due to severe hydrops fetalis. In addition to weakened cardiac contraction due to left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy, a circular shunt through a ventricular septal defect exacerbated heart failure. Although APVS with tricuspid valve atresia is not supposed to cause a circular shunt, we herein present the echocardiographic demonstration of a case of circular shunt.
Interventions aiming to improve informed decision on prenatal screening and testing: A scoping review of the literature
Authors: Yeşilçinar İlknur , Seven Memnun , Paşalak Şeyma İnciser , Güvenç Gülten 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aim of this scoping review was to explore interventions and their effect in facilitating decision making on prenatal screening and testing among pregnant women. This review was conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute Methods Manual for scoping reviews. Studies published 2000–2019 that consist of interventions to facilitate pregnant women's decision making in prenatal screening and testing were specifically reviewed. A total of 27 studies are included in this scoping review. In these studies, various methods, including face‐to‐face individual or group interventions, e‐Health interventions, video‐based interventions, written educational materials, and decision aid interventions, were developed and tested for their effectiveness in facilitating informed decision making on prenatal screening and testing. While these methods appeared to be effective, further studies involving diverse populations are needed to integrate them into practice. Genetic counselors and healthcare providers working with individuals who are referred for genetic education and counseling need to work collaboratively to facilitate informed decisions on prenatal screening of women and/or their partners.