bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entre utopie et action collective, comment accompagner la transition des territoires vers l’économie circulaire ?
Authors: Ntsondé Joël 
Published: July 2021

Notre thèse caractérise les mécanismes cognitifs, organisationnels et interorganisationnels qui sous-tendent les actions collectives pour la transition de l’économie d’un territoire vers l’économie circulaire. À partir de l’exemple de la commande publique dans le secteur de la construction, nous nous interrogeons sur les transition studies (Markard et al., 2012), pour proposer un modèle de transition conceptualisant les mécanismes qui peuvent permettre à des acteurs économiques, sociaux et politiques d’accompagner la transition de leur territoire vers l’économie circulaire. Ce modèle, dans lequel sont d’abord pris en compte les processus qui amènent des entrepreneurs à concevoir des innovations d’économie circulaire, permet ensuite de conceptualiser les mécanismes qui conduisent des organisations publiques et privées à coopérer avec ces entrepreneurs, avant, enfin, d’expliciter les processus à partir desquels cette dynamique d’action collective peut matérialiser la transition économique.
Quand l’État devient banquier
Authors: Chambost Isabelle , Touchelay Béatrice 
Published: July 2021

Cet article analyse les structures mises en place par l’État, à la Libération, pour gérer ses participations dans les quatre banques de dépôt nationalisées. Pointant les écarts entre les volontés affichées d’une part, notamment la capacité de l’État à gérer de manière productive, et les réalisations concrètes de l’autre, cet article met l’accent sur les difficultés rencontrées dans la mise en œuvre de ce contrôle. Ces tensions, liées à la diversité des intérêts des banquiers et ressenties jusqu’au sommet de l’État, apparaissent dès que l’on croise les échelles d’analyse : celle macro, de la loi et de son application nationale, et celle micro, d’une banque (la Société Générale) passée dans le giron de l’État. Afin d’en comprendre les ressorts, nous avons inscrit ces réformes dans une perspective historique, pointant les continuités et les ruptures à l’œuvre dans la genèse de cet État nouvellement actionnaire qui puise ses racines dans les imperfections du système antérieur, d’abord celui de « l’État effacé », du début du xxe siècle jusqu’à l’avènement de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, puis d’une volonté politique affirmée d’installer un « État partenaire », de 1940 à 1945, pendant que l’État s’introduit, non sans mal jusqu’aux années 1960, aux côtés de la corporation bancaire.
L’« État-actionnaire » et le plasma
Authors: Colomb Fabrice 
Published: July 2021

Répétée au fil des lois françaises de bioéthique, la marchandisation du corps s’affiche comme un repoussoir. Ce travail entend aller au-delà de cette vitrine en analysant le cas du plasma. L’État en tant qu’actionnaire de l’industrie nationale du plasma a contribué à doter celui-ci du statut de marchandise. Cet article retrace les origines de l’actionnariat d’État dans ce secteur à travers la transformation de l’entreprise nationale en société anonyme. L’« État-actionnaire » prend alors la figure d’« État-entrepreneur » et d’« État-compétiteur », façonnant ainsi un secteur disposé à la concurrence internationale dans la bioéconomie. Au moyen d’une enquête qualitative, on peut observer la manière dont l’« État-actionnaire », notamment à travers l’Agence des participations de l’État, s’emploie à aligner le plasma sur des matières inertes, afin d’assurer sa commensurabilité en le dotant d’une valeur d’échange. Pour cela, l’« État-actionnaire » produit une rhétorique visant à euphémiser le processus en cours, le rendant ainsi légitime.
Coformulation with Tattoo Ink for Immunological Assessment of Vaccine Immunogenicity in the Draining Lymph Node
Authors: Barber-Axthelm Isaac M , Kelly Hannah G , Esterbauer Robyn , Wragg Kathleen M , Gibbon Anne M , Lee Wen Shi , Wheatley Adam K , Kent Stephen J , Tan Hyon-Xhi , Juno Jennifer A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Characterization of germinal center B and T cell responses yields critical insights into vaccine immunogenicity. Nonhuman primates are a key preclinical animal model for human vaccine development, allowing both lymph node (LN) and circulating immune responses to be longitudinally sampled for correlates of vaccine efficacy. However, patterns of vaccine Ag drainage via the lymphatics after i.m. immunization can be stochastic, driving uneven deposition between lymphoid sites and between individual LN within larger clusters. To improve the accurate isolation of Ag-exposed LN during biopsies and necropsies, we developed and validated a method for coformulating candidate vaccines with tattoo ink in both mice and pigtail macaques. This method allowed for direct visual identification of vaccine-draining LN and evaluation of relevant Ag-specific B and T cell responses by flow cytometry. This approach is a significant advancement in improving the assessment of vaccine-induced immunity in highly relevant nonhuman primate models.
Haematological and Biochemical Predictors of Bone Marrow Metastases in Non-Haematological Malignancies
Authors: Agrawal Shruti , Bhandari Rekha , Gowda Vinay N. , Gupta Amit , Singh Neha , Chowdhury Nilotpal , Rao Shalinee , Kishore Sanjeev , Gupta Arvind Kumar , Chandra Harish 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Bone marrow metastasis is an uncommon yet significant presentation of many non haematological malignancies.

Aims:
The present study was conducted with the aim of analysing the clinical, haematological and biochemical parameters of the patients with bone marrow metastases and determines the parameters which could possibly indicate the presence of bone marrow metastases.

Patients and Methods:
Bone marrow aspirate, imprint and biopsy slides of 22 cases with bone marrow metastases were reviewed and the haematological and biochemical data of all these cases were compared with that of 20 controls without any evidence of metastases.

Results:
The mean values of mean platelet volume (MPV), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were found to be significantly different (P < 0.001) between the cases and controls. MPV <8.1 fL, NLR >3.5 and LDH >452 U/L showed a high likelihood ratio in predicting bone marrow metastases.

Conclusion:
Parameters such as MPV, NLR and LDH can be used as efficient and easily available methods to predict bone marrow metastasis for a rapid diagnosis.
Investigating teaching strategies for reading in the Motheo Education District
Authors: Ntsala Sekanse Abiner , Koen Mariette , Loock Irma 
Published: July 2021

This study investigated the English FAL teachers’ knowledge and their use of reading methods. A mixed method approach was followed, where both qualitative and quantitative research methods were combined. Qualitative methods preceded quantitative methods. During the first phase of the study 8 teachers who teach English FAL in the intermediate phase were interviewed. For the second phase of the study, a questionnaire was distributed to 80 teachers in the different towns in the Motheo education district. Most of the participants teach in the township schools where the learners learn in English and also do English as FAL. Qualitative data was analysed thematically, while quantitative analysis involved the use of descriptive analysis. The research findings imply the following: teachers have a superficial knowledge of reading methods and the main components of reading, there are other factors that affect the teaching of reading, and manyteachers still shy away from infusing technology in their reading lessons.
A bilingual English-Sesotho rubric explanation guide for the marking of Sesotho home language creative writing essays
Authors: Sibeko Johannes 
Published: July 2021

Language classes are marked using rubrics. Nevertheless, using the same rubric does not necessarily automate a uniform interpretation of the rubric. It is important to clearly define rubric criteria for teachers in order to counter the problem of misalignment in the usage of the rubric to mark learner essays. This article presents and explains a rubric explanation guide for the marking of Sesotho Grade 10 HomeLanguage creative writing essays based on the interpretations of nine teachers from six schools in the Metsimaholo education district. The explanation guide is presented bilingually in English and Sesotho. This article presents a more in-depth explanation guide for the rubricwhich was proposed in Sibeko (2016). The aim hereof is to ensure that teachers comparably understand rubric criteria and approach marking from the same point of view. For the purpose of this article, the rubric used by teachers in the said district is discussed. Both novice and experienced teachers stand to benefit from this explained rubric guide.
Exploring the learner profile of the English Home Language classroom in select urban secondary schools
Authors: Harmse Tessa , Evans Rinelle 
Published: July 2021

In a democratic South Africa, English has increasingly become the preferred medium of instruction despite the majority of South African learners being mother tongue speakers of other languages. Many learners in urban areas are enrolled to take English Home Language and especially novice teachers expect them to have mother tongue proficiency. However, the reality is that learners come from diverse backgrounds and a single class comprises learners with varying levels of English proficiency. This study seeks to establish who is the actual target audience seated in the socalled English Home Language class. Quantitative data were collected through a questionnaire completed by 642 Grade 8 and 9 respondents at three suburban schools in Gauteng. Cross tabulations were used to compare different variables. Key findings indicate that respondents – although multilingual – do not considerthemselves adequately proficient in English. Secondly, the role of the caregiver as initial source of learning English has been underestimated. Although smallscale, the study highlights the mismatchbetween classroom reality and curriculum requirements. Results suggest that the national education authorities need to adapt policy documents so that what is currently expected of learners might be more easily accomplished in the English class. The questionnaire may serve as a useful resource to determine the linguistic profile of a particular target group.
Teaching from the heart: exploring beginner teachers’ attitudinal knowledge
Authors: Mpofu Nhlanhla , De Jager Lizette 
Published: July 2021

This article provides insight into the knowledge held by Zimbabwean Ordinary Level beginner teachers who teach Literature in English. An extant of research output on ESL focuses on curriculum, subject, learner, and pedagogical content knowledge of linguistic content, with limited, if any, focus on knowledge of Literature in English. To address this gap, this study employed a qualitative single case study design to gather data on the knowledge held by four purposively selected beginner teachers. In the context of this study, beginner teachers were college trained English teachers who had been in the profession for less than four years. The study was underpinned by social constructivism and current literature on experiential teacher knowledge. The study established as a novel finding that beginner teachers held attitudinal knowledge. Additionally, the findings affirmed that beginner teachers’ knowledge was a multiple-sourced construct that was fluid, idiosyncratic, attitudinal, pragmatic, and contextual. The study recommends that teacher preparation institutions consider the findings as basis for student teacher training programmes that foster connections between personal and experiential sources of knowledge construction.
Creating “transdisciplinary spaces” for a real-world scenario: A practical teaching collaboration
Authors: Fouché Ilse , Corbett A.D. , Immelman Susan 
Published: July 2021

A lack of transfer of academic literacy competencies was identified by academic literacy and Statistics lecturers involved in an extended programme course. This paper reports on one attempt at a workable collaborative solution to this challenge. The collaborative attempt is situated within the academic literacies framework, and is described. Thereafter, student feedback as well as critical self-reflections from participating lecturers are qualitatively analysed in an interpretative framework, to determine how key stakeholders experienced the collaborative intervention. The collaborative attempt was found to be valuable in more effectively achieving the outcomes of both courses, and in helping students see the relevance of academic literacy in content subjects – this is in line with an academic literacies frameworkwhich holds that academic literacy cannot be divorced from the contexts in which it is practiced. The primary factors that led to a successful collaboration were a willingness of all partners to participate in the project and regular communication between collaborators.Main problems encountered revolved around miscommunication between lecturers and students, and an insufficiently detailed timetable that resulted in pressure at certain stages.
Keywords: Teaching collaboration, academic literacy, academic writing, English for specific purposes, project work
Development of Ficus religiosa extract-loaded emulsion system for topical application: Characterization and stability evaluation
Authors: Aslam Irfan , Akhtar Naveed 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To develop, optimize and characterize a topical (W/O) emulsion containing 4 % Ficus religiosa extract for cosmeceutical purposes.
Methods: The ethanol extract of Ficus religiosa was obtained by Soxhlet method. Various formulations were developed using paraffin oil, emulsifier (Abil®-EM 90) and purified water at different proportions, and their physical stability was assessed under different stress conditions, to enable selection of the most stable formulation. The optimized formulation based on stability studies was chosen for evaluation of different physical properties, i.e., color, liquefaction, phase separation, centrifugation, pH, droplet size and rheology, under accelerated conditions for 12 weeks.
Results: The optimized formulation (F4) contained ethanol extract (4.0 %), Abil®-EM 90 (3.5 %), paraffin oil (14.0 %) and purified water (78.5 %), and remained stable on centrifugation under all stress conditions. The pH of the formulation remained within the specified range for human skin pH i.e. 4.5 – 6.0, and droplet size of dispersed phase also persisted within the size range of macroemulsion (1 – 100 μm) throughout the study period. Rheological properties of the formulation showed shear thinning response, and flow index value less than 1 resulted in pseudoplastic flow of emulsion.
Conclusion: These results suggest that the optimized emulsion system was stable and can serve as a good medium for topical delivery of various natural substances.
Network pharmacology-based elucidation of the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-migraine effect of Asari Radix et Rhizoma
Authors: Jiang Yun-Bin , Zhong Mei , Huang Ting , Dai Zhong-Hua , Tao Xing-Bao , Yang Rong-Ping 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To determine the molecular mechanism involved in the anti-migraine effect of Asari Radix et Rhizoma (ARR) using network pharmacology.
Methods: The compounds present in ARR were identified through information retrieval from literature and public databases, and were screened based on absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity. Target genes related to the selected compounds and migraine were identified or predicted from public databases. Hub genes in ARR against migraine were identified through analysis of interactions in overlapping genes between compounds and migraine target genes, based on STRING database. Gene enrichment analysis of overlapping genes was performed using Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery.
Results: A total of 138 compounds were selected as potential bioactive compounds in ARR. Target genes related to the selected compounds (611 genes) and migraine (278 genes) were obtained, including 71 overlapping genes. The hub genes in the anti-migraine effect of ARR were BDNF, IL6, COMT, APP and TNF. Gene enrichment analysis showed the top 10 biological processes or pathways involved in the mechanism of anti-migraine action of ARR. The tissue source of the overlapping genes was not limited to the brain. The results from gene enrichment analysis revealed that the effect of ARR on migraine was holistic, which is characteristic of traditional Chinese medicines.
Conclusion: Network pharmacology has been used to decipher the molecular mechanism involved in the action of ARR against migraine. The results provide a scientific basis for the clinical effect of ARR on migraine.
MiR-498 suppresses proliferation and inflammation in fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis via targeting JAK1
Authors: Chai Lan , Zhang Xian Zhen , Ma Hai fang , Yuan Fang 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To investigate the effect of microRNA 498 (miR-498) on proliferation and inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLSs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Methods: MiR-498 level was evaluated in both RA synovial tissues and RA-FLSs using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). MicroRNA-498 overexpression or knockdown was performed in RAFLSs. Proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle and inflammation induced by miR-498 mimics or inhibitor were used to explore the function of miR-498 in RA.
Results: Expression level of miR-498 was downregulated in both RA synovial tissues and RA- FLSs. MicroRNA-498 mimics decreased proliferation and arrested cell cycle, whereas miR-498 inhibitor caused the opposite effects in RA-FLSs. In addition, miR-498 mimics suppressed inflammation and promoted cell apoptosis, while miR-498 inhibitor promoted inflammation and inhibited cell apoptosis in RA-FLSs. Furthermore, the effect of miR-498 on the proliferation, inflammation and apoptosis of RAFLSs was mediated by its ability to target and downregulate JAK1.
Conclusion: These results indicate that miR-498 inhibits the proliferation and inflammatory responses of RA-FLSs by targeting JAK1, thus revealing a new therapeutic target for RA treatment.
A UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS method for simultaneous determination of three flavonoids from Parasitic loranthus and their pharmacokinetics in rat plasma
Authors: Cui Ying , Li Lingling , Yang Shu , Wang Hongli , Feng Jing , Ma Kai , Han Deen 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To develop and validate a chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of plasma levels of rutin, avicularin and quercitrin using UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS.
Methods: A sensitive, selective, and reliable UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of the three flavonoids, with puerarin as internal standard (IS). Plasma samples were first treated with methanol, and then acidified using hydrochloric acid (HCl) prior to liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. The flavonoids were separated on a Syncronis C18 column (100×2.1mm, 1.7 µm) using an elution gradient of acetonitrile and 0.1 % formic acid at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min.
Results: A linear correlation was obtained for the three flavonoids over the investigated concentration range, with correlation coefficients > 0.9954. The values of validated lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) were 0.68, 1.42 and 2.54 ng/mL for rutin, avicularin and quercitrin, respectively. Intra- and inter-day precision (RSD) were < 10 %, while accuracy (RE) ranged from −3.76 to 4.04 %.
Conclusion: The proposed method has been successfully validated and is suitable for studying the pharmacokinetics of the three analytes in rats treated with parasitic loranthus extract (PLE).
Use of off-label and unlicensed drugs in pediatric patients: A longitudinal prevalence survey from Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Hafeez Muhammad , Bukhari Nadeem Irfan , Abbas Nasir , Hussain Khalid , Hussain Amjad , Saleem Zikria 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To assess the extent of use of unlicensed/off-label drug in the children hospitalized in The Children’s Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan.
Methods: A prospective prevalence study was carried out in the selected hospital. A total of 1946 pediatric patients were hospitalized during study period. The patients’ demographic data and unlicensed/off-label drug use were noted by the researcher using a structured questionnaire and then analyzed.
Results: During the survey period, 102 (5.24 %) pediatric patients received at least one off-label drug/unlicensed drug. The unlicensed drug was administered to 65 patients (63.7 %) while off-label drug was administered to 37 patients (36.3%). Milrinone (23.5%) was the most frequently prescribed unlicensed drug.
Conclusion: The administration of unlicensed/off-label drug to treat different diseases in pediatric population is widespread in the health facility studied. These findings will provide guidance to new researchers in clinical trials, especially on cardiovascular drugs, opioid analgesic, antiemetic and anticancer drugs.
Effect of Elephantopus Scaber Linn. leaf extract on mouse immune system
Authors: Aldi Yufri , Megaraswita  , Dillasamola Dwisari 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To investigate the effect of Elephantopus Scaber Linn. ethanol extract on mouse immune system based on macrophage phagocytic activity and capacity, total leukocyte count, and distribution of each type of leukocyte.
Methods: Twenty male mice were randomly assigned to four groups. Group I (control) received sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (Na-CMC), 0.5 %). Groups II, III, and IV were dosed orally with 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg ethanol E. scaber leaf extract, respectively, for 7 consecutive days. On the 8th day, a suspension of Staphylococcus aureus was injected intraperitoneally, and macrophage activity and capacity as well as leukocyte count were then measured using a counting chamber device (hemocytometer) and a 400 x microscope.
Results: The effect of the leaf extract at doses of 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg was increase in macrophage activity by 46.25, 54, and 65 %, and macrophage capacity by 95.8, 105.4 and 125.8 cell/100 macrophage, respectively; total leukocyte count was 10790, 12360, and 15230 cells/µl, respectively, and lymphocyte was 34.4, 34.6, and 36 %. Thus, the leaf extract significantly increased macrophage activity and capacity, as well as segmented neutrophils, and mice total leukocyte counts (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Ethanol extract of E scaber leaf extract increases macrophage activity and capacity, as well as total leukocyte count in mouse; therefore, this extract may provide a highly effective approach for boosting immunity.