bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ionic‐Liquid‐Assisted Synthesis of N, F, and B Co‐Doped CoFe2O4−x on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes with Enriched Oxygen Vacancies for Li–S Batteries
Authors: Hu Shunyou , Yi Mingjie , Wu Hao , Wang Tiansheng , Ma Xing , Liu Xiangli , Zhang Jiaheng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe “shuttle effect,” sluggish redox kinetics, and short life cycle have seriously restricted the practical application of Li–S batteries. Herein, N, F, and B co‐doped NFBCoFe2O4−x on multiwalled carbon nanotubes’ (MWCNTs) (NFBCoFe2O4−x@MWCNTs) composite material with enriched oxygen vacancies (OVs) introduced by ionic liquids (ILs) does not only exhibit enhanced polysulfides trapping ability but also effectively accelerate the redox kinetics of polysulfides. A commercial Celgard polypropylene (PP) 2400 separator with NFBCoFe2O4−x@MWCNTs coating layer is fabricated as a multifunctional barrier for Li–S batteries. As a result, the battery based on the NFBCoFe2O4−x@MWCNTs separator demonstrates a stable electrochemical performance. Even under a high S loading of 8.0 mg cm−2, a desirable areal capacity of 4.62 mAh cm−2 can still be maintained over 200 cycles at a current density of 0.2 C. The prospective strategy of engineering OVs introduced by ILs provides novel insights into the development of Li–S batteries.
Independent Manipulation of Reflection Amplitude and Phase by a Single‐Layer Reconfigurable Metasurface
Authors: Liao Jianming , Guo Shaojun , Yuan Liming , Ji Chen , Huang Cheng , Luo Xiangang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractReconfigurable metasurfaces have attracted much attention in recent years due to their flexible capabilities of manipulating electromagnetic (EM) waves. However, most of the existing reconfigurable metasurfaces can only modulate either phase or magnitude, severely limiting the scope of their applications. Here, a novel metasurface is proposed that can simultaneously realize dynamic manipulation of reflection magnitude and phase. Such a metasurface is composed of periodic array of a single‐layer metallic structure loaded with two kinds of PIN diodes. By switching the state of one kind of PIN diodes, the 180° reflection phase difference can be obtained, meanwhile, the corresponding magnitude can be dynamically tuned at each phase state by changing the resistance of the other kind of PIN diodes. Compared with previously reported phase coding metasurface, the metasurface can not only control the directions of scattering beams, but also realize the tunable scattering intensity. In addition, it still can generate multibeam radiation with controllable power intensity and different beam number. The above versatile EM functionalities are demonstrated by full‐wave numerical simulation and experimental measurement at microwave frequencies. This study may pave a way to design smart materials and devices for multifunctional EM‐wave manipulation.
Porphyrin Functionalization of CsPbBrI2/SiO2 Core–Shell Nanocrystals Enhances the Stability and Efficiency in Electroluminescent Devices
Authors: Wahl Jan , Engelmayer Manuel , Mandal Mukunda , Naujoks Tassilo , Haizmann Philipp , Maier Andre , Peisert Heiko , Andrienko Denis , Brütting Wolfgang , Scheele Marcus 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSurface ligand exchange on all‐inorganic perovskite nanocrystals of composition CsPbBrI2 reveals improved optoelectronic properties due to strong interactions of the nanocrystal with mono‐functionalized porphyrin derivatives. The interaction is verified experimentally with an array of spectroscopic measurements as well as computationally by exploiting density functional theory calculations. The enhanced current efficiency is attributed to a lowering of the charging energy by a factor of 2–3, which is determined by combining electronic and optical measurements on a selection of ligands. The coupled organic–inorganic nanostructures are successfully deployed in a light‐emitting device with higher current efficacy and improved charge carrier balance, magnifying the efficiency almost fivefold compared to the native ligand.
Optical Induction and Erasure of Ferroelectric Domains in Tetragonal PMN‐38PT Crystals
Authors: Chen Xin , Liu Dawei , Liu Shan , Mazur Leszek M. , Liu Xin , Wei Xiaoyong , Xu Zhuo , Wang Junli , Sheng Yan , Wei Zhiyi , Krolikowski Wieslaw 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPT‐relaxor ferroelectrics exhibit excellent piezoelectric and quadratic nonlinear optical properties, making them prominent candidates for realization of phononic and nonlinear photonic crystals which rely on spatially patterned ferroelectric domains. However, formation of domain patterns, especially in three dimensions, has been challenging. This paper presents the first experimental demonstration of localized ferroelectric domains and their 2D and 3D patterns inside 0.62Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐0.38PbTiO3 (PMN‐38PT) single‐domain crystals engineered with focused near‐infrared femtosecond laser pulses. Two types of domains are optically induced. Primary domains are formed in the focal volume of the beam, and secondary domains appearing at higher laser power, in the shape of hollow cylindrical structures, are formed around the beam. A physical mechanism of optical domain inversion involving thermoelectric and space charge fields is proposed. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of domain formation and structuring in PMN‐PT relaxor‐based ferroelectrics, paving the way to integrate electromechanical, acoustic, and nonlinear optical effects in a single crystal.
Photoswitchable Anapole Metasurfaces
Authors: Wang Wenhao , Srivastava Yogesh Kumar , Gupta Manoj , Wang Zhiming , Singh Ranjan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNonradiating charge‐current configurations have attracted attention in photonics for the efficient localization of the electromagnetic field. Anapole mode is a unique nonradiating state of light induced by the interference of electric and toroidal dipole that possesses rich physics with potential applications in micro‐nanophotonics. Active control of an anapole is essential for the design and realization of tunable low‐energy photonic devices. Here, an active anapole metasurface device is experimentally demonstrated as a switch for the terahertz waves. The metadevice consists of planar resonators with photoactive inclusions of silicon patches in a hybrid metal–semiconductor configuration. The active element enables dynamic control over the contributions of the multipoles that eventually determine the formation of the exotic anapoles that host extreme nonradiative confinement and its active switching into sub‐radiative Fano resonance and highly radiative electric dipoles. Two orders of magnitude change in the near‐field intensity of the anapole that leads to 201% extinction modulation is further demonstrated. The anapole metadevice provides a platform to efficiently control both the far‐field radiation and near‐field enhancement in metaoptics, promoting active micro‐nanophotonic devices for potential applications in terahertz modulators, lasers, filters, and dynamic near‐field imaging.
Persistence of Monoclinic Crystal Structure in 3D Second‐Order Topological Insulator Candidate 1T′‐MoTe2 Thin Flake Without Structural Phase Transition
Authors: Su Bo , Huang Yuan , Hou Yan Hui , Li Jiawei , Yang Rong , Ma Yongchang , Yang Yang , Zhang Guangyu , Zhou Xingjiang , Luo Jianlin , Chen Zhi‐Guo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA van der Waals material, MoTe2 with a monoclinic 1T′ crystal structure is a candidate for 3D second‐order topological insulators (SOTIs) hosting gapless hinge states and insulating surface states. However, due to the temperature‐induced structural phase transition, the monoclinic 1T′ structure of MoTe2 is transformed into the orthorhombic Td structure as the temperature is lowered, which hinders the experimental verification and electronic applications of the predicted SOTI state at low temperatures. Here, systematic Raman spectroscopy studies of the exfoliated MoTe2 thin flakes with variable thicknesses at different temperatures, are presented. As a spectroscopic signature of the orthorhombic Td structure of MoTe2, the out‐of‐plane vibration mode D at ≈ 125 cm–1 is always visible below a certain temperature in the multilayer flakes thicker than ≈ 27.7 nm, but vanishes in the temperature range from 80 to 320 K when the flake thickness becomes lower than ≈ 19.5 nm. The absence of the out‐of‐plane vibration mode D in the Raman spectra here demonstrates not only the disappearance of the monoclinic‐to‐orthorhombic phase transition but also the persistence of the monoclinic 1T′ structure in the MoTe2 thin flakes thinner than ≈ 19.5 nm at low temperatures down to 80 K, which may be caused by the high enough density of the holes introduced during the gold‐enhanced exfoliation process and exposure to air. The MoTe2 thin flakes with the low‐temperature monoclinic 1T′ structure provide a material platform for realizing SOTI states in van der Waals materials at low temperatures, which paves the way for developing a new generation of electronic devices based on SOTIs.
Natural Killer Cell Membrane‐Cloaked Virus‐Mimicking Nanogenerator with NIR‐Triggered Shape Reversal and •C/•OH Storm for Synergistic Thermodynamic–Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: Lin Jinyan , Li Yang , Wang Peiyuan , Wu Ming , Zhu Fukai , Zhang Yun , Hou Zhenqing , Liu Jingfeng , Liu Xiaolong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFree radical‐based anticancer modality has been widely applied to cancer therapies. However, it still faces challenges of low delivery efficiency and poor selectivity of free radical generation specifically toward tumors. Herein, a virus‐mimicking hollow mesoporous disulfide‐bridged organosilica is designed to encapsulate •C precursor 2, 2'‐azobis[2‐(2‐imidazolin‐2‐yl) propane] dihydrochloride (AIPH), which is then enclosed by tannic acid (TA)/FeIII photothermal assembly and further cloaked by natural killer (NK) cell membrane to achieve synergistic thermodynamic–chemodynamic therapy. The nanogenerator can first evade immune surveillance via NK cell membrane “cloaking” mechanism to strongly accumulate in tumors. Interestingly, the NIR laser‐induced heat can trigger NK cell membrane rupture for “shape reversal” to expose a virus‐like surface to amplify the cellular uptake, and simultaneously break the azo bonds of AIPH for in situ controlled •C generation. Then upon glutathione (GSH) triggering, the nanogenerator disintegrates via disulfide–thiol exchange and efficiently generates •OH by lysosomal pH‐initiated TA‐FeIII reaction; notably, the consumption of GSH can amplify oxidative stress to enhance free radical therapy by weakening the self‐defense mechanism of tumor cells. It is envisioned that the NK cell membrane‐cloaked virus‐mimicking and NIR/GSH sequentially activated •C/•OH radical nanogenerator can provide a promising strategy for oxidative stress‐based anticancer therapy.
Bioinspired Thermal Runaway Retardant Capsules for Improved Safety and Electrochemical Performance in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Gao Zhenhai , Rao Shun , Zhang Tianyao , Gao Fei , Xiao Yang , Shali Longfei , Wang Xiaoxu , Zheng Yadan , Chen Yiyuan , Zong Yuan , Li Weifeng , Chen Yupeng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractVigorous development of electric vehicles is one way to achieve global carbon reduction goals. However, fires caused by thermal runaway of the power battery has seriously hindered large‐scale development. Adding thermal runaway retardants (TRRs) to electrolytes is an effective way to improve battery safety, but it often reduces electrochemical performance. Therefore, it is difficult to apply in practice. TRR encapsulation is inspired by the core–shell structures such as cells, seeds, eggs, and fruits in nature. In these natural products, the shell isolates the core from the outside, and has to break as needed to expose the core, such as in seed germination, chicken hatching, etc. Similarly, TRR encapsulation avoids direct contact between the TRR and the electrolyte, so it does not affect the electrochemical performance of the battery during normal operation. When lithium‐ion battery (LIB) thermal runaway occurs, the capsules release TRRs to slow down and even prevent further thermal runaway. This review aims to summarize the fundamentals of bioinspired TRR capsules and highlight recent key progress in LIBs with TRR capsules to improve LIB safety. It is anticipated that this review will inspire further improvement in battery safety, especially for emerging LIBs with high‐electrochemical performance.
Beyond the Phase Segregation: Probing the Irreversible Phase Reconstruction of Mixed‐Halide Perovskites
Authors: Li Zhe , Zheng Xin , Xiao Xuan , An Yongkang , Wang Yanbo , Huang Qingyi , Li Xiong , Cheacharoen Rongrong , An Qinyou , Rong Yaoguang , Wang Ti , Xu Hongxing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMixed‐halide perovskites can undergo a photoinduced phase segregation. Even though many reports have claimed that such a phase segregation process is reversible, what happens after phase segregation and its impact on the performance of perovskite‐based devices are still open questions. Here, the phase transformation of MAPb(I1−xBrx)3 after phase segregation and probe an irreversible phase reconstruction of MAPbBr3 is investigated. The photoluminescence imaging microscopy technique is introduced to in situ record the whole process. It is proposed that the type‐I band alignment of segregated I‐rich and Br‐rich domains can enhance the emission of the I‐rich domains by suppressing the nonradiative recombination channels. At the same time, the charge injection from Br‐rich to I‐rich domains drives the expulsion of iodide from the lattice, and thus triggers the reconstruction of MAPbBr3. The work highlights the significance of ion movements in mixed‐halide perovskites and provides new perspectives to understand the property evolution.
High‐Polarity Fluoroalkyl Ether Electrolyte Enables Solvation‐Free Li+ Transfer for High‐Rate Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Dong Liwei , Liu Yuanpeng , Wen Kechun , Chen Dongjiang , Rao Dewei , Liu Jipeng , Yuan Botao , Dong Yunfa , Wu Ze , Liang Yifang , Yang Mengqiu , Ma Jianyi , Yang Chunhui , Xia Chuan , Xia Baoyu , Han Jiecai , Wang Gongming , Guo Zaiping , He Weidong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLithium metal batteries (LMBs) have aroused extensive interest in the field of energy storage owing to the ultrahigh anode capacity. However, strong solvation of Li+ and slow interfacial ion transfer associated with conventional electrolytes limit their long‐cycle and high‐rate capabilities. Herein an electrolyte system based on fluoroalkyl ether 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl‐1,1,2,3,3,3‐hexafluoropropyl ether (THE) and ether electrolytes is designed to effectively upgrade the long‐cycle and high‐rate performances of LMBs. THE owns large adsorption energy with ether‐based solvents, thus reducing Li+ interaction and solvation in ether electrolytes. With THE rich in fluoroalkyl groups adjacent to oxygen atoms, the electrolyte owns ultrahigh polarity, enabling solvation‐free Li+ transfer with a substantially decreased energy barrier and ten times enhancement in Li+ transference at the electrolyte/anode interface. In addition, the uniform adsorption of fluorine‐rich THE on the anode and subsequent LiF formation suppress dendrite formation and stabilize the solid electrolyte interphase layer. With the electrolyte, the lithium metal battery with a LiFePO4 cathode delivers unprecedented cyclic performances with only 0.0012% capacity loss per cycle over 5000 cycles at 10 C. Such enhancement is consistently observed for LMBs with other mainstream electrodes including LiCoO2 and LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2, suggesting the generality of the electrolyte design for battery applications.
Partially Reduced Titanium Niobium Oxide: A High‐Performance Lithium‐Storage Material in a Broad Temperature Range
Authors: Jiang Tian , Ma Siyuan , Deng Jianbin , Yuan Tao , Lin Chunfu , Liu Meilin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe existing electrode materials for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) generally suffer from poor rate capability at low temperatures, severely limiting their applications in winter and cold climate area. Here, partially reduced TiNb24O62 (PR‐TNO) are reported that demonstrates excellent electrochemical performance in a broad temperature range, notably at low temperatures. Its crystal structure is similar to that of Ti2Nb10O29 upon partial reduction in H2. The titanium and niobium ions in PR‐TNO enable multielectron transfer, safe operation, and high Coulombic efficiencies. Benefiting from the increased electronic conductivity of the partially reduced phase and its robust crystal structure with a large interlayer spacing, PR‐TNO shows fast electron and Li+ transport, small volume change associated with Li+ storage, and notable capacitive behavior, resulting in good electrochemical performance even at very low temperatures. At −20 °C, a large reversible capacity of 313 mAh g−1 is obtained at 0.1C, reaching 83.3% of that at 25 °C. At 5C, high rate capability (58.3% of that at 0.5C) is achieved, only slightly lower than that at 25 °C (60.7%). Furthermore, PR‐TNO demonstrates excellent cyclic stability with 99.2% of the initial capacity after 1680 cycles, confirming its excellent suitability for low‐temperature LIBs.
Biophysical Approaches for Applying and Measuring Biological Forces
Authors: Sun Wenxu , Gao Xiang , Lei Hai , Wang Wei , Cao Yi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOver the past decades, increasing evidence has indicated that mechanical loads can regulate the morphogenesis, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of living cells. Investigations of how cells sense mechanical stimuli or the mechanotransduction mechanism is an active field of biomaterials and biophysics. Gaining a further understanding of mechanical regulation and depicting the mechanotransduction network inside cells require advanced experimental techniques and new theories. In this review, the fundamental principles of various experimental approaches that have been developed to characterize various types and magnitudes of forces experienced at the cellular and subcellular levels are summarized. The broad applications of these techniques are introduced with an emphasis on the difficulties in implementing these techniques in special biological systems. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique are discussed, which can guide readers to choose the most suitable technique for their questions. A perspective on future directions in this field is also provided. It is anticipated that technical advancement can be a driving force for the development of mechanobiology.
Recent Advances in New Materials for 6G Communications
Authors: Li Zechen , Pan Jialiang , Hu Haowen , Zhu Hongwei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract5G communication has begun commercial deployment. To maintain the sustainability and competitiveness of wireless communication systems, various industries and academic institutions around the globe are designing the framework for 6G communications. Compared with the previous generations of communication systems, 6G will be revolutionary, with unprecedented requirements in data transmission rates, delays, and global coverage. Many promising technologies in 6G systems, including terahertz communication, ultra‐large‐scale antenna arrays, large‐scale intelligent surfaces, quantum communication, and computing, have differing material requirements compared with previous systems. With the development of materials science, an increasing number of new materials will play important roles in 6G communications. Herein, the high demand of 6G systems is introduced first in this review, and recent advances of new materials having a broad variety of applications with great potential in 6G systems are systematically summarized. Perspectives on the research areas that require special attention are also presented.
Creation and evaluation of a novel, interdisciplinary debriefing program using a design‐based research approach
Authors: Lech Christie A. , Betancourt Erika , Shapiro Jo , Dolmans Diana H. J. M. , Pusic Martin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe emergency department (ED) witnesses the close functioning of an interdisciplinary team in an unpredictable environment. High‐stress situations can impact well‐being and clinical practice both individually and as a team. Debriefing provides an opportunity for learning, validation, and conversation among individuals who may not typically discuss clinical experiences together. The current study examined how a debriefing program could be designed and implemented in the ED so as to help teams and individuals learn from unique, stressful incidents.MethodsBased on the theory of workplace‐based learning and a design‐based research approach, the evolved nature of a debriefing program implemented in the real‐life context of the ED was examined. Focus groups were used to collect data. We report the design of the debriefing intervention as well as the program outcomes in terms of provider's self‐perceived roles in the program and program impact on provider's self‐reported clinical practice as well as the redesign of the program based on said feedback.ResultsThe themes of barriers to debriefing, provision of perspectives, psychological trauma, and nurturing of staff emerged from focus group sessions. Respondents identified barriers and concerns regarding debriefing, and based on this information, changes were made to the program, including offering of refresher sessions for debriefing, inclusion of additional staff members in the training, and remessaging the purpose of the program.ConclusionsData from the study reinforced the need to increase the frequency and availability of debriefing didactics along with clarifying staff roles in the program. Future work will examine continued impact on provider practice and influence on departmental culture.
Evaluation of sex differences in the pharmacokinetics of oral sumatriptan in healthy Korean subjects using population pharmacokinetic modeling
Authors: Ohk Boram , Seong Sookjin , Lee Joomi , Gwon Miri , Kang Wooyoul , Lee Haewon , Yoon Youngran , Yoo Heedoo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSumatriptan was introduced in 1983, as the first of the triptans, selective 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT1B/1D) receptor agonists, to treat moderate to severe migraine. Migraine predominates in females. Although there have been reports of sex differences in migraine‐associated features and pharmacokinetics (PKs) of some triptans, sex differences in the PKs of oral sumatriptan have never been evaluated in Korean. We conducted this study of oral sumatriptan to assess the sex differences in Korean population. Thirty‐eight healthy Korean subjects who participated in two separate clinical studies receiving a single oral dose of 50 mg sumatriptan with the same protocols were included in this analysis. A total of 532 sumatriptan concentration observations were used for a population PK modeling. Validation of final population PK model of sumatriptan was performed using bootstrap and visual predictive check. The PK profile of oral sumatriptan was adequately described by a one‐compartmental model with combined transit compartment model and a first‐order absorption. The covariate analysis showed that the clearance of oral sumatriptan was significantly higher in males than in females (male: 444 L/h, female: 281 L/h). Our results showed that there were sex differences in the clearance of oral sumatriptan. These results encourage further studies to establish the sumatriptan pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic model considering sex‐related PK differences, which may help to determine optimal dosing regimens for effective treatment of migraine in males and females. Clinical trial registration: CRIS Registration No. KCT0001784.