bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Androgen receptors in areas of the spinal cord and brainstem: A study in adult male cats
Authors: Coolen Rosa L. , Cambier Jacqueline C. , Spantidea Panagiota I. , van Asselt Els , Blok Bertil F. M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSex hormones, including androgens and estrogens, play an important role in autonomic, reproductive and sexual behavior. The areas that are important in these behaviors lie within the spinal cord and brainstem. Relevant dysfunctional behavior in patients with altered androgen availability or androgen receptor sensitivity might be explained by the distribution of androgens and their receptors in the central nervous system. We hypothesize that autonomic dysfunction is correlated with the androgen sensitivity of spinal cord and brainstem areas responsible for autonomic functions. In this study, androgen receptor immunoreactive (AR‐IR) nuclei in the spinal cord and brainstem were studied using the androgen receptor antibody PG21 in four uncastrated young adult male cats. A dense distribution of AR‐IR nuclei was detected in the superior layers of the dorsal horn, including lamina I. Intensely stained nuclei, but less densely distributed, were found in lamina X and preganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic cells of the intermediolateral cell column. Areas in the caudal brainstem showing a high density of AR‐IR nuclei included the area postrema, the dorsal motor vagus nucleus and the retrotrapezoid nucleus. More cranially, the central linear nucleus in the pons contained a dense distribution of AR‐IR nuclei. The mesencephalic periaqueductal gray (PAG) showed a dense distribution of AR‐IR nuclei apart from the most central part of the PAG directly adjacent to the ependymal lining. Other areas in the mesencephalon with a dense distribution of AR‐IR nuclei were the dorsal raphe nucleus, the retrorubral nucleus, the substantia nigra and the ventral tegmental area of Tsai. It is concluded that AR‐IR nuclei are located in specific areas of the central nervous system that are involved in the control of sensory function and autonomic behavior. Furthermore, damage of these AR‐IR areas might explain related dysfunction in humans.
Revisiting nocturnal heart rate and heart rate variability in insomnia: A polysomnography‐based comparison of young self‐reported good and poor sleepers
Authors: Cosgrave Jan , Phillips Jessica , Haines Ross , Foster Russell G. , Steinsaltz David , Wulff Katharina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPrimary insomnia is often considered a disorder of 24‐hr hyperarousal. Numerous attempts have been made to investigate nocturnal heart rate (HR) and its variability (HRV) as potential pathophysiological hallmarks of altered arousal levels in insomnia, with mixed results. We have aimed to overcome some of the pitfalls of previous studies by using a young, medication‐free, age‐ and gender‐matched population consisting of 43 students aged 18–30 years half with a subthreshold insomnia complaint. We employed at‐home ambulatory polysomnography and compared this attenuated insomnia group to a good sleeping group. The poor sleepers had significantly higher wake after sleep onset, arousal count, mean HR in all sleep stages (with the exception of Stage 1) and lower sleep efficiency. Consistent with previous research, we also found a significant group‐by‐sleep stage interaction in the prediction of nocturnal HR, highlighting the insomnia group to have a lower wake–sleep HR reduction compared to good sleepers. When restricting our analyses to insomnia with objectively determined short sleep duration, we found significantly lower standard deviation of RR intervals (SDNN; a measure of HRV) compared to good sleepers. Taken together, this lends credence to the hyperarousal model of insomnia and may at least partially explain the increased prevalence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality observed in patients with insomnia.
Neither Demon nor Angel: Theology and Empirical Studies on Reciprocity
Authors: Massmann Alexander 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAnthropological theory on gift reciprocity has amounted to a fruitful contribution to theology, as different thinkers have portrayed God’s grace as an undeserved gift that nevertheless obliges the recipient to make a non‐transactional return gift (John Milbank, John Barclay). Alternative views that highlight a radically unilateral understanding of the gift are sometimes dualistic (J. Louis Martyn, Philip Ziegler). This article connects the discourse on giving with the biological discussion of reciprocity, pursuing a realistic theology that is open to learning from the empirical sciences. In spite of abiding differences in non‐human and human gift‐giving, parallels between the two buttress a more robust view of creation than suggested by dualism. In addition, a third position, which affirms unilateral gratuity but not dualism (Kathryn Tanner), remains aloof of nature, showing tensions with human experience where it appeals to experience. However, this does not mean that theologians should embrace the model of gift reciprocity exclusively. While this conceptual scheme makes a lasting contribution to theology, more radical expressions of Paul’s theology of grace affirm an unconditional understanding of grace. Besides reciprocity, there are also facets in primate behavior that are in keeping with a unilateral practice of giving.
National myths and rebounding violence
Authors: Chlup Radek 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe article takes up the sacrificial theory of national myths presented by Steven J. Mock and discloses its further potential for understanding the symbolic structures of nationalism. While Mock builds mainly on a Girardian reinterpretation of Freud, I try to show that even more interesting results may be obtained by using Maurice Bloch's theory of ritual symbolism. The advantage of Bloch's model is threefold. (1) It discloses further interesting aspects of the sacrificial symbolism in national myths not noted by Mock. I illustrate some of these by a detailed analysis of the Czech national myth. (2) Bloch's model allows us to trace the sacrificial pattern not just in myths of the modern awakening of the nation but in myths concerning present‐day political events as well. As an example, I analyse symbols of defeat in several myths of Czech 20th‐century political leaders. (3) Bloch's model is more complex and thus allows us to understand different types of national myths than those featuring symbolism of defeat. As an example, I discuss imperial nationalism, which Mock considers as one of the exceptions to his theory, and I also use Bloch to throw interesting light on the distinction between “civic” and “ethnic” nationalism.
A gene‐for‐gene interaction involving a ‘late’ effector contributes to quantitative resistance to the stem canker disease in Brassica napus
Authors: Jiquel Audren , Gervais Julie , Geistodt‐Kiener Aude , Delourme Régine , Gay Elise J. , Ollivier Bénédicte , Fudal Isabelle , Faure Sébastien , Balesdent Marie‐Hélène , Rouxel Thierry 
Published: February 2021

Summary

The control of stem canker disease of Brassica napus (rapeseed), caused by the fungus Leptosphaeria maculans is based largely on plant genetic resistance: single‐gene specific resistance (Rlm genes) or quantitative, polygenic, adult‐stage resistance. Our working hypothesis was that quantitative resistance partly obeys the gene‐for‐gene model, with resistance genes ‘recognizing’ fungal effectors expressed during late systemic colonization.

Five LmSTEE (stem‐expressed effector) genes were selected and placed under the control of the AvrLm4‐7 promoter, an effector gene highly expressed at the cotyledon stage of infection, for miniaturized cotyledon inoculation test screening of a gene pool of 204 rapeseed genotypes.

We identified a rapeseed genotype, ‘Yudal’, expressing hypersensitive response to LmSTEE98. The LmSTEE98–RlmSTEE98 interaction was further validated by inactivation of the LmSTEE98 gene with a CRISPR‐Cas9 approach. Isolates with mutated versions of LmSTEE98 induced more severe stem symptoms than the wild‐type isolate in ‘Yudal’. This single‐gene resistance was mapped in a 0.6 cM interval of the ‘Darmor_bzh’ × ‘Yudal’ genetic map.

One typical gene‐for‐gene interaction contributes partly to quantitative resistance when L. maculans colonizes the stems of rapeseed. With numerous other effectors specific to stem colonization, our study provides a new route for resistance gene discovery, elucidation of quantitative resistance mechanisms and selection for durable resistance.
The Variation of the Pelvis in Unilateral Crowe Type IV Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Authors: Du Yin‐qiao , Zhang Bohan , Sun Jing‐yang , Ma Hai‐yang , Shen Jun‐min , Ni Ming , Zhou Yong‐gang 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate variation of the pelvis in unilateral Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and analyze the reliability of pelvic landmarks.MethodsWe retrospectively received preoperative anteroposterior pelvic radiographs for 89 adult patients with unilateral Crowe type IV DDH at our institution between September 2008 and May 2019. Forty‐eight patients without a false acetabulum was type IVA and 41 with a false acetabulum was type IVB. The heights of the ilium, acetabulum, and ischium areas in affected and unaffected sides were measured. The ratios of the three areas in entire pelvis are calculated. The discrepancies of bilateral iliac crest, inferior sacroiliac articulation, teardrop, and ischial tuberosity on the bisector of the pelvis were also measured.ResultsThe mean heights of the ilium, acetabulum, ischium areas in the affected side were 74.4, 88.6, and 37.0 mm, respectively, in type IVA group and 77.7, 83.5, and 37.8 mm, respectively, in type IVB group. The heights in the unaffected side were 82.1, 84.6, and 43.8 mm, respectively, in type IVA group and 84.6, 82.0, and 44.0 mm, respectively, in type IVB group. The ratios of the ilium, acetabulum, ischium areas in affected side of Crowe type IVA group were 0.37, 0.44, and 0.19, respectively, and the ratios in unaffected side were 0.39, 0.40, and 0.21, respectively. The ratios in affected side of Crowe type IVB group were 0.39, 0.42, and 0.19, respectively, and the ratios in unaffected side were 0.40, 0.39, and 0.21, respectively. The discrepancies of bilateral iliac crest, inferior sacroiliac articulation, teardrop, and ischial tuberosity on the line of the bisector of the pelvis in Crowe type IVA group were 5.6, 5.2, 2.0, and 7.1 mm, respectively. Those in Crowe type IVB group were 8.1, 3.5, 3.5, and 4.9 mm, respectively.ConclusionsPelvic asymmetry was a common occurrence in unilateral Crowe type IV DDH in adults. Furthermore, it should be reliable to use teardrop as pelvic landmark to balance leg length discrepancy in preoperative planning.
Cardiac intramural arteriovenous malformations presented as ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation storm
Authors: Lim Kyunghee , Park Jong‐Sung 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe report a case of cardiac intramural arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) misdiagnosed as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and presented as life‐threatening ventricular arrhythmia storm that was successfully controlled by cardiac sympathetic denervation. A 46‐year‐old male patient with an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator was admitted for recurrent ventricular tachycardia requiring repeated shock refractory to antiarrhythmic drugs. Although the patient was previously diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, multimodality imaging studies showed large left ventricular intramural AVMs, potentially representing arrhythmogenic substrates. Life‐threatening ventricular arrhythmia storm, which could not be controlled by radiofrequency catheter ablation and therapeutic hypothermia. However, cardiac sympathetic denervation surgery successfully controlled the ventricular arrhythmia storm.
Retrospective analysis of 222 oral food challenges with a single dose in acute food protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome
Authors: Miceli Sopo Stefano , Sinatti Dario , Gelsomino Mariannita 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe method of performing oral food challenge (OFC) in acute food protein–induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) has not been systematically studied. Therefore, there is a certain variability in the choice of the various centers.MethodsSince 2011, we have been performing OFC for acute FPIES with a single dose of culprit food, a full serving size for age. In case of atypical FPIES (skin prick test, SPT, positive), we applied this protocol only if the description of previous adverse reactions was compatible with that of a classic acute FPIES, if other IgE‐mediated food allergies were absent, and if the mean diameter of the wheal evoked by the SPT with the challenged food was ≤5 mm. We have retrospectively analyzed 222 OFCs from 2011 to 2020. The grading of reactions was carried out according to the International Consensus Guidelines on FPIES of 2017.ResultsForty‐eight of 222 OFC (21.6%) failed. The mild reactions were 22 of 48 (45.8%), the moderate ones 22 of 48 (45.8%), and the severe ones 4 of 48 (8.4%) failed OFCs. The tested food processing (in the case of cow milk and chicken egg) did affect neither probability nor severity of the reaction. Patients with positive SPT for the tested food presented four times more severe reactions (2 of 9 failed OFC, 22.2%) than patients with negative SPT (2 of 39 failed OFC, 5.1%) (P = .316).ConclusionsThe administration of a single dose in a full serving size for age appears to be a sufficiently safe method for OFC for acute FPIES, with the benefit of saving time. In patients with positive SPT for the tested food, it may be prudent to start with a smaller dose carrying on, in the absence of adverse reactions, with the administration of the full dose after a 4‐hour observation.
WRKY9 transcription factor regulates cytochrome P450 genes CYP94B3 and CYP86B1, leading to increased root suberin and salt tolerance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Krishnamurthy Pannaga , Vishal Bhushan , Bhal Amrit , Kumar Prakash P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSalinity affects crop productivity worldwide and mangroves growing under high salinity exhibit adaptations such as enhanced root apoplastic barrier to survive under such conditions. We have identified two cytochrome P450 family genes, AoCYP94B3 and AoCYP86B1 from the mangrove tree Avicennia officinalis and characterized them using atcyp94b3 and atcyp86b1, which are mutants of their putative Arabidopsis orthologs and the corresponding complemented lines with A. officinalis genes. CYP94B3 and CYP86B1 transcripts were induced upon salt treatment in the roots of both A. officinalis and Arabidopsis. Both AoCYP94B3 and AoCYP86B1 were localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. Heterologous expression of 35S::AoCYP94B3 and 35S::AoCYP86B1 in their respective Arabidopsis mutants (atcyp94b3 and atcyp86b1) increased the salt tolerance of the transgenic seedlings by reducing the amount of Na+ accumulation in the shoots. Moreover, the reduced root suberin phenotype of atcyp94b3 was rescued in the 35S::AoCYP94B3;atcyp94b3 transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings. Gas‐chromatography and mass spectrometry analyses showed that the amount of suberin monomers (C‐16 ω‐hydroxy acids, C‐16 α, ω‐dicarboxylic acids and C‐20 eicosanol) were increased in the roots of 35S::AoCYP94B3;atcyp94b3 Arabidopsis seedlings. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we identified AtWRKY9 as the upstream regulator of AtCYP94B3 and AtCYP86B1 in Arabidopsis. In addition, atwrky9 showed suppressed expression of AtCYP94B3 and AtCYP86B1 transcripts, and reduced suberin in the roots. These results show that AtWRKY9 controls suberin deposition by regulating AtCYP94B3 and AtCYP86B1, leading to salt tolerance. Our data can be used for generating salt‐tolerant crop plants in the future.
Bayesian Hierarchical Factor Regression Models to Infer Cause of Death from Verbal Autopsy Data
Authors: Moran Kelly R. , Turner Elizabeth L. , Dunson David , Herring Amy H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In low-resource settings where vital registration of death is not routine it is often of critical interest to determine and study the cause of death (COD) for individuals and the cause-specific mortality fraction (CSMF) for populations. Post-mortem autopsies, considered the gold standard for COD assignment, are often difficult or impossible to implement due to deaths occurring outside the hospital, expense and/or cultural norms. For this reason, verbal autopsies (VAs) are commonly conducted, consisting of a questionnaire administered to next of kin recording demographic information, known medical conditions, symptoms and other factors for the decedent. This article proposes a novel class of hierarchical factor regression models that avoid restrictive assumptions of standard methods, allow both the mean and covariance to vary with COD category, and can include covariate information on the decedent, region or events surrounding death. Taking a Bayesian approach to inference, this work develops an MCMC algorithm and validates the FActor Regression for Verbal Autopsy (FARVA) model in simulation experiments. An application of FARVA to real VA data shows improved goodness-of-fit and better predictive performance in inferring COD and CSMF over competing methods. Code and a user manual are made available at https://github.com/kelrenmor/farva.
Impact of early sports specialisation on paediatric ECG
Authors: Albiński Maciej , Saubade Mathieu , Benaim Charles , Menafoglio Andrea , Meyer Philippe , Capelli Bruno , Perrin Tilman , Trachsel Lukas , Hagemeyer Daniel , Casagrande Damien , Wilhelm Matthias , Pirrello Tony , Albrecht Silvia , Schmied Christian , Mivelaz Yvan , Tercier Stéphane , Baggish Aaron , Gabus Vincent 
Published: February 2021

Athletes of pediatric age are growing in number. They are subject to a number of risks, among them sudden cardiac death (SCD). This study aimed to characterize the pediatric athlete population in Switzerland, to evaluate electrocardiographic findings based on the International Criteria for electrocardiography (ECG) Interpretation in Athletes, and to analyze the association between demographic data, sport type, and ECG changes. Retrospective, observational study of pediatric athletes (less than 18 years old) including medical history, physical examination, and a 12‐lead resting ECG. The primary focus was on identification of normal, borderline, and abnormal ECG findings. The secondary observation was the relation between ECG and demographic, anthropometric, sport‐related, and clinical data. The 891 athletes (mean 14.8 years, 35% girls) practiced 45 different sports on three different levels, representing all types of static and dynamic composition of the Classification of Sports by Mitchell. There were 75.4% of normal ECG findings, among them most commonly early repolarization, sinus bradycardia, and left ventricular hypertrophy; 4.3% had a borderline finding; 2.1% were abnormal and required further investigations, without SCD‐related diagnosis. While the normal ECG findings were related to sex, age, and endurance sports, no such observation was found for borderline or abnormal criteria. Our results in an entirely pediatric population of athletes demonstrate that sex, age, and type of sports correlate with normal ECG findings. Abnormal ECG findings in pediatric athletes are rare. The International Criteria for ECG Interpretation in Athletes are appropriate for this age group.
Apheresis physician well‐being during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Results of a survey
Authors: Tanhehco Yvette C. , Li Yanhua , Zantek Nicole D. , Becker Joanne , Alsammak Mohamed , Mikesell Kael , Wu Ding Wen , Foster Tisha , Chhibber Vishesh , Martin Marisa Saint , Wehrli Gay 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has placed additional stressors on physician lives. In this study, we report findings from a survey conducted among attending physician (AP) members of the American Society for Apheresis (ASFA) to elucidate the status of their well‐being during the COVID‐19 pandemic as well as resources provided or actions taken by their institutions and themselves personally to maintain or improve their well‐being.Study Design and MethodsA 17‐question, voluntary, IRB‐approved survey regarding well‐being was distributed to the ASFA AP members between August 26, 2020 and September 16, 2020. The descriptive analyses were reported as number and frequency of respondents for each question. Non‐parametric chi‐square tests, ANOVA, and paired t‐tests were performed to determine differences in categorical variables, changes in well‐being scores, and compare time points, respectively.ResultsBased on the responses of 70 attending level physicians representing the United States (U.S., 53, 75.7%) and outside the U.S. (17, 24.3%), the following were observed: (1) COVID‐19 negatively affects the well‐being of a sub‐population of APs, (2) neither institutional nor individual measures to improve well‐being completely resolved the problem of decreased AP well‐being during the pandemic, and (3) personal actions may be superior to institutional resources.ConclusionThere is a widespread decline in AP well‐being during the COVID‐19 pandemic that was not adequately improved by institutional or personal resources/actions taken. Institutions and physicians must work together to implement strategies including resources and actions that could further improve AP physician well‐being during a public health crisis.
Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer on the Shell Side of a Helically Coiled Tube Heat Exchanger for Helium Applications
Authors: Filip Radomír , Melichar Tomáš 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A new heat transfer correlation for high temperature helium on the shell side of a helically coiled tube heat exchanger was derived with the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools. The use of suitable heat transfer correlations has an impact on the evaluation of performance of a heat exchanger in relation to the requirements for a sufficient heat transfer surface, which relates to material cost requirements; therefore, it is of high importance. A numerical model was validated with data measured using the helium cooler, which is part of an experimental channel located at the Research Center Řež (CVR) in the Czech Republic. The numerical model used for obtaining the heat transfer correlation assumes a constant heat flux on the wall of the helical coil. In total, 72 cases with varying inlet temperatures, velocities, and heat fluxes were simulated to obtain the heat transfer correlation. Furthermore, the effects of the flow rectifier within the channel regarding the heat transfer coefficient and pressure loss were discussed.
Analytical Solution for the Lifetime of a Spherical Shell of Arbitrary Thickness Under the Pressure of Corrosive Environments: The Effect of Thermal and Elastic Stresses
Authors: Pronina Yulia , Sedova Olga 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article presents analytical solutions to initial boundary value problems of thermoelasticity with a priori unknown evolving boundaries. To be more precise, we consider a spherical shell of arbitrary thickness subjected to the internal and external pressures of corrosive media at generally different temperatures, with taking into account the mechanochemical effect and inhibition of corrosion process. Conditions under which the circumferential stress can serve as the equivalent stress are determined. It was found that the life of the shell was influenced by the competing effects of the pressures and temperatures on the corrosion rate and stress values, as well as by possible moving the location of the maximal stress. It was also concluded that the elastic stress component played a decisive role in the synergistic growth of the total thermoelastic stress and the corrosion rate.