bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children - A resource for COVID-19 research: Questionnaire data capture November 2020 – March 2021
Authors: Smith Daniel , Bowring Claire , Wells Nicholas , Crawford Michael , Timpson Nicholas John , Northstone Kate 
Published: November 2021

The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is a prospective population-based cohort study which recruited pregnant women in 1990-1992 and has followed these women, their partners (Generation 0; G0) and their offspring (Generation 1; G1) ever since. The study has reacted rapidly and repeatedly to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, deploying online questionnaires throughout the pandemic. In November/December 2020, a fourth questionnaire was deployed asking about physical and mental health, lifestyle and behaviours, employment and finances. G0 participants were offered an online questionnaire between 17th November 2020 and 7th February 2021, while G1 participants were offered both online and paper questionnaires between 1st December 2020 and 19th March 2021. Of 15,844 invitations, 8,643 (55%) participants returned the questionnaire (3,101 original mothers [mean age 58.6 years], 1,172 original fathers/partners [mean age 61.5 years] and 4,370 offspring [mean age 28.4 years]). Of these 8,643 participants, 2,012 (23%) had not returned a previous COVID-19 questionnaire, while 3,575 (41%) had returned all three previous questionnaires. In this questionnaire, 300 participants (3.5%) reported a previous positive COVID-19 test, 110 (1.3%) had been told by a doctor they likely had COVID-19, and 759 (8.8%) suspected that they had had COVID-19. Based on self-reported symptoms, between October 2020 and February 2021 359 participants (4.2%) were predicted COVID-19 cases. COVID data is being complemented with linkage to health records and Public Health England pillar testing results as they become available. Data has been released as an update to the previous COVID-19 datasets. It comprises: 1) a standard dataset containing all participant responses to both questionnaires with key sociodemographic factors; and 2) as a composite release coordinating data from the existing resource, thus enabling bespoke research across all areas supported by the study. This data note describes the fourth questionnaire and the data obtained from it.
Geometric Locations of Points Equally Distance from Two Given Geometric Figures. Part 4: Geometric Locations of Points Equally Remote from Two Spheres
Authors: Vyshnyepolskiy Vladimir , Zavarihina E. , Peh D. 
Published: November 2021

The article deals with the geometric locations of points equidistant from two spheres. In all variants of the mutual position of the spheres, the geometric places of the points are two surfaces. When the centers of the spheres coincide with the locus of points equidistant from the spheres, there will be spheres equal to the half-sum and half-difference of the diameters of the original spheres. In three variants of the relative position of the initial spheres, one of the two surfaces of the geometric places of the points is a two-sheet hyperboloid of revolution. It is obtained when: 1) the spheres intersect, 2) the spheres touch, 3) the outer surfaces of the spheres are removed from each other. In the case of equal spheres, a two-sheeted hyperboloid of revolution degenerates into a two-sheeted plane, more precisely, it is a second-order degenerate surface with a second infinitely distant branch.
The spheres intersect - the second locus of the points will be the ellipsoid of revolution. Spheres touch - the second locus of points - an ellipsoid of revolution, degenerated into a straight line, more precisely into a zero-quadric of the second order - a cylindrical surface with zero radius. The outer surfaces of the spheres are distant from each other - the second locus of points will be a two-sheet hyperboloid of revolution. The small sphere is located inside the large one - two coaxial confocal ellipsoids of revolution.
In all variants of the mutual position of spheres of the same diameters, the common geometrical place of equidistant points is a plane (degenerate surface of the second order) passing through the middle of the segment perpendicular to it, connecting the centers of the original spheres. The second locus of points equidistant from two spheres of the same diameter can be either an ellipsoid of revolution (if the original spheres intersect), or a straight (cylindrical surface with zero radius) connecting the centers of the original spheres when the original spheres touch each other, or a two-sheet hyperboloid of revolution (if continue to increase the distance between the centers of the original spheres).
Immunogenicity and safety of primary fractional-dose yellow fever vaccine in autoimmune rheumatic diseases
Authors: Tonacio Adriana Coracini , do Nascimento Pedrosa Tatiana , Borba Eduardo Ferreira , Aikawa Nadia Emi , Pasoto Sandra Gofinet , Filho Júlio Cesar Rente Ferreira , Sampaio Barros Marília Mantovani , Leon Elaine Pires , Lombardi Suzete Cleusa Ferreira Spina , Junior Alfredo Mendrone , Azevedo Adriana de Souza , Schwarcz Waleska Dias , Fuller Ricardo , Yuki Emily Figueiredo Neves , Ugolini Lopes Michelle Remião , Rodrigues Pereira Rosa Maria , Sampaio Barros Percival Degrava , de Andrade Danieli Castro Oliveira , de Medeiros-Ribeiro Ana Cristina , de Moraes Julio Cesar Bertacini , Shinjo Samuel Katsuyuki , Miossi Renata , da Silva Duarte Alberto José , Lopes Marta Heloisa , Kallás Esper Georges , Almeida da Silva Clovis Artur , Bonfá Eloisa 
Published: November 2021

Background
Brazil faced a yellow fever(YF) outbreak in 2016–2018 and vaccination was considered for autoimmune rheumatic disease patients(ARD) with low immunosuppression due to YF high mortality.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate, prospectively for the first time, the short-term immunogenicity of the fractional YF vaccine(YFV) immunization in ARD patients with low immunossupression.

Methods and Results
A total of 318 participants(159 ARD and 159 age- and sex-matched healthy controls) were vaccinated with the fractional-dose(one fifth) of 17DD-YFV. All subjects were evaluated at entry(D0), D5, D10, and D30 post-vaccination for clinical/laboratory and disease activity parameters for ARD patients. Post-vaccination seroconversion rate(83.7%vs.96.6%, p = 0.0006) and geometric mean titers(GMT) of neutralizing antibodies[1143.7 (95%CI 1012.3–1292.2) vs.731 (95%CI 593.6–900.2), p<0.001] were significantly lower in ARD compared to controls. A lower positivity rate of viremia was also identified for ARD patients compared to controls at D5 (53%vs.70%, p = 0.005) and the levels persisted in D10 for patients and reduced for controls(51%vs.19%, p = 0.0001). The viremia was the only variable associated with seroconvertion. No serious adverse events were reported. ARD disease activity parameters remained stable at D30(p>0.05).

Conclusion
Fractional-dose 17DD-YF vaccine in ARD patients resulted in a high rate of seroconversion rate(>80%) but lower than controls, with a longer but less intense viremia. This vaccine was immunogenic, safe and did not induce flares in ARD under low immunosuppression and may be indicated in YF outbreak situations and for patients who live or travel to endemic areas.

Trial registration
This clinical trial was registered with Clinicaltrials.gov (#NCT03430388).
Impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on survival and neurologic outcomes in adults with in-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Qadeer Asem , Parikh Puja B. , Ramkishun Charles A. , Tai Justin , Patel Jignesh K. 
Published: November 2021

Background
Little data exists regarding the association of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on outcomes in the setting of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA). We sought to assess the impact of COPD on mortality and neurologic outcomes in adults with IHCA.

Methods
The study population included 593 consecutive hospitalized patients with IHCA undergoing ACLS-guided resuscitation at an academic tertiary medical center from 2012–2018. The primary and secondary outcomes of interest were survival to discharge and favorable neurological outcome (defined as a Glasgow Outcome Score of 4–5) respectively.

Results
Of the 593 patients studied, 162 (27.3%) had COPD while 431 (72.7%) did not. Patients with COPD were older, more often female, and had higher Charlson Comorbidity score. Location of cardiac arrest, initial rhythm, duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and rates of defibrillation and return of spontaneous circulation were similar in both groups. Patients with COPD had significantly lower rates of survival to discharge (10.5% vs 21.6%, p = 0.002) and favorable neurologic outcomes (7.4% vs 15.9%, p = 0.007). In multivariable analyses, COPD was independently associated with lower rates of survival to discharge [odds ratio (OR) 0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30–0.98, p = 0.041].

Conclusions
In this contemporary prospective registry of adults with IHCA, COPD was independently associated with significantly lower rates of survival to discharge.
Modelling the concentration of anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G in intravenous immunoglobulin product batches
Authors: Stinca Sara , Barnes Thomas W. , Vogel Peter , Meyers Wilfried , Schulte-Pelkum Johannes , Filchtinski Daniel , Steller Laura , Hauser Thomas , Manni Sandro , Gardiner David F. , Popik Sharon , Roth Nathan J. , Schuetz Patrick 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundPlasma-derived intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) products contain a dynamic spectrum of immunoglobulin (Ig) G reactivities reflective of the donor population from which they are derived. We sought to model the concentration of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG which could be expected in future plasma pool and final-product batches of CSL Behring’s immunoglobulin product Privigen.Study design and methodsData was extracted from accessible databases, including the incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status, antibody titre in convalescent and vaccinated groups and antibody half-life. Together, these parameters were used to create an integrated mathematical model that could be used to predict anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in future IVIg preparations.ResultsWe predict that anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG concentration will peak in batches produced in mid-October 2021, containing levels in the vicinity of 190-fold that of the mean convalescent (unvaccinated) plasma concentration. An elevated concentration (approximately 35-fold convalescent plasma) is anticipated to be retained in batches produced well into 2022. Measurement of several Privigen batches using the Phadia™EliA™SARS-CoV-2-Sp1 IgG binding assay confirmed the early phase of this model.ConclusionThe work presented in this paper may have important implications for physicians and patients who use Privigen for indicated diseases.
A qualitative exploration of obesity bias and stigma in Irish healthcare; the patients’ voice
Authors: O’Donoghue Grainne , Cunningham Caitriona , King Melvina , O’Keefe Chantel , Rofaeil Andrew , McMahon Sinead 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundCurrent data indicates 70% of adults with obesity report experiencing bias and stigmatisation when engaging with healthcare. Most studies to date, have focused on weight bias from a healthcare professional’s perspective. Few have explored weight bias from the perspective of the individual living with obesity and no study has conducted this research in the Irish context.AimsThis study explored, the lived-in experience of individuals afflicted with obesity, when interacting with the Irish healthcare system. It examined whether participants encountered weight bias and stigma, if so, how it may have impacted them and gathered their suggestions on how it could be best addressed.MethodsEmploying a phenomenological approach, purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 individuals living with class II (BMI 35.0–39.9) or III obesity (BMI≥40kg/m2) who reported regular and consistent engagement with the Irish healthcare system. Predominant emergent themes were categorised using the interview domains; (1) experiences of obesity bias and stigma, (2) impact of this bias and stigma and (3) suggested avenues to reduce bias and stigma.FindingsParticipants reported experiencing high levels of weight bias and stigmatisation. Relating to experiences, three themes were identified; interpersonal communication, focus of care and physical environment. In terms of its impact, there were two emergent themes; negativity towards future healthcare and escalation of unhealthy behaviours. Suggested avenues to eliminate bias and stigma included the introduction of a timely and clear clinical pathway for obesity management and a focus on HCPs education in relation to obesity causes and complexity.ConclusionsOutside of specialist obesity tertiary care, weight bias and stigmatisation is commonly reported in the Irish healthcare system. It is a significant issue for those living with obesity, detrimental to their physiological and psychological health. A concerted effort by HCPs across clinical, research and educational levels is required to alleviate its harmful effects.
Health system costs and days in hospital for colorectal cancer patients in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Goldsbury David E. , Feletto Eleonora , Weber Marianne F. , Haywood Philip , Pearce Alison , Lew Jie-Bin , Worthington Joachim , He Emily , Steinberg Julia , O’Connell Dianne L. , Canfell Karen 
Published: November 2021

Introduction
Colorectal cancer (CRC) care costs the Australian healthcare system more than any other cancer. We estimated costs and days in hospital for CRC cases, stratified by site (colon/rectal cancer) and disease stage, to inform detailed analyses of CRC-related healthcare.

Methods
Incident CRC patients were identified using the Australian 45 and Up Study cohort linked with cancer registry records. We analysed linked hospital admission records, emergency department records, and reimbursement records for government-subsidised medical services and prescription medicines. Cases’ health system costs (2020 Australian dollars) and hospital days were compared with those for cancer-free controls (matched by age, sex, geography, smoking) to estimate excess resources by phase of care, analysed by sociodemographic, health, and disease characteristics.

Results
1200 colon and 546 rectal cancer cases were diagnosed 2006–2013, and followed up to June 2016. Eighty-nine percent of cases had surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and excess costs were predominantly for hospitalisations. Initial phase (12 months post-diagnosis) mean excess health system costs were $50,434 for colon and $60,877 for rectal cancer cases, with means of 16 and 18.5 excess hospital days, respectively. The annual continuing mean excess costs were $6,779 (colon) and $8,336 (rectal), with a mean of 2 excess hospital days each. Resources utilised (costs and days) in these phases increased with more advanced disease, comorbidities, and younger age. Mean excess costs in the year before death were $74,952 (colon) and $67,733 (rectal), with means of 34 and 30 excess hospital days, respectively–resources utilised were similar across all characteristics, apart from lower costs for cases aged ≥75 at diagnosis.

Conclusions
Health system costs and hospital utilisation for CRC care are greater for people with more advanced disease. These findings provide a benchmark, and will help inform future cost-effectiveness analyses of potential approaches to CRC screening and treatment.
Admission criteria in critically ill COVID-19 patients: A physiology-based approach
Authors: Ceruti Samuele , Glotta Andrea , Biggiogero Maira , Maida Pier Andrea , Marzano Martino , Urso Patrizia , Bona Giovanni , Garzoni Christian , Molnar Zsolt 
Published: November 2021

Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic required careful management of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, to reduce ICU overload while facing limitations in resources. We implemented a standardized, physiology-based, ICU admission criteria and analyzed the mortality rate of patients refused from the ICU.

Materials and methods
In this retrospective observational study, COVID-19 patients proposed for ICU admission were consecutively analyzed; Do-Not-Resuscitate patients were excluded. Patients presenting an oxygen peripheral saturation (SpO2) lower than 85% and/or dyspnea and/or mental confusion resulted eligible for ICU admission; patients not presenting these criteria remained in the ward with an intensive monitoring protocol. Primary outcome was both groups’ survival rate. Secondary outcome was a sub analysis correlating SpO2 cutoff with ICU admission.

Results
From March 2020 to January 2021, 1623 patients were admitted to our Center; 208 DNR patients were excluded; 97 patients were evaluated. The ICU-admitted group (n = 63) mortality rate resulted 15.9% at 28 days and 27% at 40 days; the ICU-refused group (n = 34) mortality rate resulted 0% at both intervals (p < 0.001). With a SpO2 cut-off of 85%, a significant correlation was found (p = 0.009), but with a 92% a cut-off there was no correlation with ICU admission (p = 0.26). A similar correlation was also found with dyspnea (p = 0.0002).

Conclusion
In COVID-19 patients, standardized ICU admission criteria appeared to safely reduce ICU overload. In the absence of dyspnea and/or confusion, a SpO2 cutoff up to 85% for ICU admission was not burdened by negative outcomes. In a pandemic context, the SpO2 cutoff of 92%, as a threshold for ICU admission, needs critical re-evaluation.
Adopting Andersen’s behavior model to identify factors influencing maternal healthcare service utilization in Bangladesh
Authors: Kabir Md. Ruhul 
Published: November 2021

Background
Equitable maternal healthcare service access and it’s optimum utilization remains a challenge for many developing countries like Bangladesh, and different predisposing, enabling, and need-based factors affect the level of maternal healthcare use. The evidently poor maternal healthcare service utilization and disparities among groups in Bangladesh are concerning considering its effect on maternal health outcomes. The study aimed to identify the factors that influence maternal healthcare service (MHS) utilization in Bangladesh by adopting Andersen’s behavior model of health service use as the theoretical framework.

Methods
The 2017–18 Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey (2017–18 BDHS) data were used which is nationally representative. The survey study used two-stage stratified sampling to select study households, and data were collected through face-to-face interviews. The desirable, moderate, and undesirable maternal health service (MHS) package was developed based on antenatal, and delivery care services use during pregnancy and childbirth. Multinomial logistic regression and discriminant analysis were performed to analyze the factors that affect MHS use.

Results
Out of 5,011 ever-married women, only 31.2% of women utilized the desirable level of MHS. The likelihood of using the desirable level of MHS package, relative to the undesirable category, was 9.38 times (OR: 9.38, 95% CI: 4.30–20.44) higher for women with a higher level of education compared to illiterate women, and the same trend was noticed for husband’s education. The wealth index had the highest standardized function coefficients (Beta coefficient: 0.49) in discriminatory function. Women with the richest wealth index were more than 23 times (OR: 23.27, 95% CI: 12.69–42.68) likely to have utilized desirable MHS than their poorest counterparts. The likelihood of service uses also varied according to the child’s birth order, administrative regions, and area of residence (rural vs. urban).

Conclusions
Policies and interventions directed towards poverty reduction, universal education, and diminishing geographical disparities of healthcare access might influence the desirable use of maternal healthcare services in Bangladesh.
Protocol: Benefits and harms of remdesivir for COVID-19 in adults: A systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Paludan-Müller Asger Sand , Lundh Andreas , Page Matthew J. , Munkholm Klaus 
Published: November 2021

Background
Effective drug treatments for Covid-19 are needed to decrease morbidity and mortality for the individual and to alleviate pressure on health care systems. Remdesivir showed promising results in early randomised trials but subsequently a large publicly funded trial has shown less favourable results and the evidence is interpreted differently in clinical guidelines. Systematic reviews of remdesivir have been published, but none have systematically searched for unpublished data, including regulatory documents, and assessed the risk of bias due to missing evidence.

Methods
We will conduct a systematic review of randomised trials comparing remdesivir to placebo or standard of care in any setting. We will include trials regardless of the severity of disease and we will include trials examining remdesivir for indications other than Covid-19 for harms analyses. We will search websites of regulatory agencies, trial registries, bibliographic databases, preprint servers and contact trial sponsors to obtain all available data, including unpublished clinical data, for all eligible trials. Our primary outcomes will be all-cause mortality and serious adverse events. Our secondary outcomes will be length of hospital stay, time to death, severe disease, and adverse events. We will assess the risk of bias using the Cochranes Risk of Bias 2 tool and the risk of bias due to missing evidence (e.g. publication bias, selective reporting bias) using the ROB-ME tool. Where appropriate we will synthesise study results by conducting random-effects meta-analysis. We will present our findings in a Summary of Findings table and rate the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE approach.

Discussion
By conducting a comprehensive systematic review including unpublished data (where available), we expect to be able to provide valuable information for patients and clinicians about the benefits and harms of remdesivir for the treatment of Covid-19. This will help to ensure optimal treatment for individual patients and optimal utilisation of health care resources.

Systematic review registration
CRD42021255915.