bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Fungi Associated with Bakery Products in Port Harcourt Metropolis
Authors: Olufunmilayo Williams, Janet , Ibitein Douglas, Salome , Precious White, Sukariba 
Published: February 2021

Bakery products such as bread, cakes, etc are staple foods consumed by both the poor and rich. Bread and other bakery products are subject to fungal contamination. This study is aimed at identifying the different fungi associated with bakery products in Port Harcourt metropolis, Nigeria. Sampling was done once monthly for three months, January to March for twenty-three (23) bakery products. Various bakery products were collected from different locations (Abacha Road, Ikwerre Road and Mile 3) in Port Harcourt Metropolis for enumeration, isolation and identification of different fungi that cause spoilage of the bakery products. In the month of January, bread samples had the following fungal counts: 2.0x106sfu/g, 1.0 x106sfu/g, 2.0x106sfu/g, 1.0x106sfu/g, 1.0x106sfu/g and 3.0x106sfu/g. The lowest count was 1.0 x106sfu/g and the highest count was 3.0 x106sfu/g with mean values of 1.07±1.00a and 2.5±0.55a, respectively. During the study, ten (10) different species of fungi were identified. The species are in eight (8) genera, Aspergillus (39.2%), Fusarium(10.5%), Penicillum(5.7%), Mucor(13.4%), Eurotium (8.1%), Cladosporium (8.1%), Alternaria (3.3%), and Rhizopus (11.5%) species. Statistically, there was a significant difference comparing the growth of the organisms in Abacha Road (2.00±0.89a), Ikwerre Road (5.80±83b) and Mile 3 (4.03±1.23a). It was observed that Abacha Road had the lowest counts of the fungi. There was an increased count in Ikwerre Road as well as Mile 3 compared to Abacha Road. Therefore, Abacha Road < Ikwerre Road ≥ Mile 3 based on the analysis of variance.
Laparoscopic Completion Total Gastrectomy as a Standardized Procedure for Gastric Stump Cancer: A Case Control Study
Authors: Takahashi Tohru , Inaki Noriyuki , Saito Hiroshi , Sakimura Yusuke , Hayashi Kengo , Tsuji Toshikatsu , Yamamoto Daisuke , Kitamura Hirotaka , Kadoya Shinichi , Bando Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2021

Objective
Complete gastrectomy for gastric stump cancer (GSC) can be challenging due to severe adhesions; therefore, advanced techniques are required when being performed by laparoscopic surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of laparoscopic completion total gastrectomy (LCTG) for the treatment of GSC.

Methods
Patient records from January 2010 to October 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. The patients were classified into 2 groups depending on whether they underwent open or laparoscopic gastrectomy. We compared patient characteristics; operative, clinical, and pathological data between the groups.

Results
Twenty open and 17 LCTGs were performed. Laparoscopic gastrectomy resulted in a significantly longer operation time (230 versus 182.5 min; P = 0.026), lower blood loss (14 versus 105 mL; P &lt; 0.001), and shorter period to the first flatus passage (2 versus 3 days; P &lt; 0.001) than open gastrectomy. No significant differences in the number of retrieved lymph nodes, duration of hospital stay, complication rate, and postoperative analgesic usage between the 2 groups were observed. No patients required conversion to open surgery in the laparoscopic-treatment group. Pathologic findings revealed that the laparoscopic group had a smaller tumor size (not pathologic T category) and fewer metastatic lymph nodes than the open group, leading to an earlier distribution of the pathologic stage in the laparoscopic group.

Conclusions
LCTG for the treatment of GSC was safely conducted with fewer complications and mortalities than previously reported results. Advanced technologies and sophistication of laparoscopic skills may further yield minimal invasiveness with better short-term outcome.
As políticas neoliberais na educação: da precarização do trabalho docente e da educação pública às resistências construídas
Authors: Sirmardi Neto Moacir 
Published: February 2021

<p>O artigo a seguir visa analisar os desdobramentos do neoliberalismo em seus aspectos político- educacionais, pedagógicos e jurídicos na educação pública, tendo como referência o estado de São Paulo durante a gestão do Partido Social Democrata Brasileiro (PSDB), partido que governa o estado há vinte e cinco anos e demonstra-se alinhado às diretrizes neoliberais. Averiguou-se que, ao lado da implementação de tais políticas, e da precarização que ela engendra nas condições de trabalho e qualidade educacional, lutas sociais e resistências no campo da educação foram constatadas em antítese à implantação do projeto neoliberal, o que pode indicar uma tendência para a próxima década. </p>
Out‐of‐field doses from radiotherapy using photon beams: A comparative study for a pediatric renal treatment
Authors: Colnot Julie , Zefkili Sofia , Gschwind Régine , Huet Christelle 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeFirst, this experimental study aims at comparing out‐of‐field doses delivered by three radiotherapy techniques (3DCRT, VMAT (two different accelerators), and tomotherapy) for a pediatric renal treatment. Secondly, the accuracy of treatment planning systems (TPS) for out‐of‐field calculation is evaluated.MethodsEBT3 films were positioned in pediatric phantoms (5 and 10 yr old). They were irradiated according to four plans: 3DCRT (Clinac 2100CS, Varian), VMAT (Clinac 2100CS and Halcyon, Varian), and tomotherapy for a same target volume. 3D dose determination was performed with an in‐house Matlab tool using linear interpolation of film measurements. 1D and 3D comparisons were made between techniques. Finally, measurements were compared to the Eclipse (Varian) and Tomotherapy (Accuray) TPS calculations.ResultsAdvanced radiotherapy techniques (VMATs and tomotherapy) deliver higher out‐of‐field doses compared to 3DCRT due to increased beam‐on time triggered by intensity modulation. Differences increase with distance to target and reach a factor of 3 between VMAT and 3DCRT. Besides, tomotherapy delivers lower doses than VMAT: although tomotherapy beam‐on time is higher than in VMAT, the additional shielding of the Hi‐Art system reduces out‐of‐field doses. The latest generation Halcyon system proves to deliver lower peripheral doses than conventional accelerators. Regarding TPS calculation, tomotherapy proves to be suitable for out‐of‐field dose determination up to 30 cm from field edge whereas Eclipse (AAA and AXB) largely underestimates those doses.ConclusionThis study shows that the high dose conformation allowed by advanced radiotherapy is done at the cost of higher peripheral doses. In the context of treatment‐related risk estimation, the consequence of this increase might be significative. Modern systems require adapted head shielding and a particular attention has to be taken regarding on‐board imaging dose. Finally, TPS advanced dose calculation algorithms do not certify dose accuracy beyond field edges, and thus, those doses are not suitable for risk assessment.
Improving risk‐stratification of natalizumab‐associated PML
Authors: Tugemann Bastian , Berger Joseph R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBased on publicly available data, we reevaluated current algorithms for stratifying the risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in natalizumab‐treated patients with multiple sclerosis, and found that there are a number of issues. First and foremost, our analysis highlights the necessity of separate PML incidence assessments for the U.S. versus Europe, and indicates that the risk in John Cunningham virus (JCV) antibody‐negative patients may be higher than previously communicated. Additionally, we advocate introducing a low‐risk JCV index threshold of 0.45 for individuals with prior exposure to an immunosuppressant, and setting the low‐risk threshold at 0.6 instead of 0.9 for those without such pretherapies. On the other hand, the risk of PML on natalizumab, in general, appears to not only plateau but to actually decrease after about 5 years of continuous dosing.
Type I SMA “new natural history”: long‐term data in nusinersen‐treated patients
Authors: Pane Marika , Coratti Giorgia , Sansone Valeria A. , Messina Sonia , Catteruccia Michela , Bruno Claudio , Sframeli Maria , Albamonte Emilio , Pedemonte Marina , D’Amico Adele , Bravetti Chiara , Berti Beatrice , Palermo Concetta , Leone Daniela , Brigati Giorgia , Tacchetti Paola , Salmin Francesca , De Sanctis Roberto , Lucibello Simona , Pera Maria Carmela , Piastra Marco , Genovese Orazio , Bertini Enrico , Vita Gianluca , Tiziano Francesco Danilo , Mercuri Eugenio ,   the Italian EAP Working Group
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this paper was to report the 2‐year follow‐up in type I patients treated with Nusinersen and to assess whether possible changes in motor function are related to the subtype, age, or SMN2 copy number.MethodsSixty‐eight patients, with ages ranging from 0.20 to 15.92 years (mean: 3.96; standard deviation: +3.90) were enrolled in the study. All patients were assessed using the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (CHOP INTEND) and the developmental section of the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE‐2) at the time they started treatment and 12 and 24 months after that.ResultsFor both CHOP and HINE‐2 repeated measures analysis of variance showed a significant difference (P < 0.001) between baseline and 12 months, 12 months and 24 months, and baseline and 24‐month scores for the whole group. When age subgroups (<210 days, <2 years, 2–4 years, 5–11 years, 12–18 years) were considered, on the CHOP INTEND the difference was significant between baseline and 24 months in all age subgroups. On the HINE‐2, the difference between baseline and 24 months was significant in all the subgroups before the age of 4 years. Age was predictive of changes on both scales (P < 0.05), whereas SMN2 copy number and decimal classification were not.InterpretationOur results suggest that some improvement of motor function can be observed even after the first year of treatment. This is more obvious in the infants treated in the first 2 years but some improvement can also be found in older children.
Intrathecal dexamethasone therapy for febrile infection‐related epilepsy syndrome
Authors: Horino Asako , Kuki Ichiro , Inoue Takeshi , Nukui Megumi , Okazaki Shin , Kawawaki Hisashi , Togawa Masao , Amo Kiyoko , Ishikawa Junichi , Ujiro Atsushi , Shiomi Masashi , Sakuma Hiroshi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveIncreasing reports suggest a role for immunological mechanisms in febrile infection‐related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES). The objective of this study was to elucidate the efficacy and safety of intrathecal dexamethasone therapy (IT‐DEX).MethodsWe assessed six pediatric patients with FIRES who were administered add‐on IT‐DEX in the acute (n = 5) and chronic (n = 1) phases. We evaluated clinical courses and prognosis. We measured cytokines/chemokines in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from FIRES patients at several points, including pre‐ and post‐IT‐DEX, and compared them with control patients with chronic epilepsy (n = 12, for cytokines/chemokines) or with noninflammatory neurological disease (NIND, n = 13, for neopterin).ResultsAnesthesia was weaned after a median of 5.5 days from IT‐DEX initiation (n = 6). There was a positive correlation between the duration from the disease onset to the introduction of IT‐DEX and the length of ICU stay and the duration of mechanical ventilation. No patient experienced severe adverse events. Seizure spreading and background activities on electroencephalography were improved after IT‐DEX in all patients. The levels of CXCL10, CXCL9, IFN‐γ, and neopterin at pre‐IT‐DEX were significantly elevated compared to levels in epilepsy controls, and CXCL10 and neopterin were significantly decreased post‐IT‐DEX, but were still higher compared to patients with chronic epilepsy. IL‐6, IL‐8, and IL‐1β were significantly elevated before IT‐DEX compared to epilepsy controls, though there was no significant decrease post‐treatment.InterpretationIT‐DEX represents a therapeutic option for patients with FIRES that could shorten the duration of the critical stage of the disease. The effect of IT‐DEX on FIRES might include cytokine‐independent mechanisms.
Human Leukocyte Antigen Class II associations in late‐onset Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Spagni Gregorio , Todi Laura , Monte Gabriele , Valentini Mariagrazia , Di Sante Gabriele , Damato Valentina , Marino Mariapaola , Evoli Amelia , Lantieri Francesca , Provenzano Carlo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveGenetic factors predisposing to late‐onset myasthenia gravis (LOMG) have not been clearly defined yet. However, genome‐wide association studies identified Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Class II alleles as a hotspot in this disease subtype. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlations of HLA Class II alleles with clinical data and titin antibodies in this patient subgroup.MethodsThis study consecutively enrolled anti‐acetylcholine receptor antibody‐positive, non‐thymoma patients with generalized LOMG. All patients were of Italian ancestry. HLA‐DRB1 and ‐DQB1 genotyping and serum titin antibody testing were performed in this population.ResultsA total of 107 patients (females: 28/107, 26.2%; median age of onset: 68 years, range: 50‐92) were included. We found a positive association with HLA‐DRB1*07 (P = 1.1 × 10‐5), HLA‐DRB1*14 (P = 0.0251) and HLA‐DQB1*02 (P = 0.0095). HLA‐DRB1*03, HLA‐DRB1*11, and HLA‐DQB1*03 were protective alleles (P = 7.9 × 10‐5, P = 0.0104, and P = 0.0067, respectively). By conditional haplotype analysis, HLA‐DRB1*07‐DQB1*02 was found to be the major risk haplotype (OR = 4.10; 95% C.I.: 2.80‐5.99; P = 6.01 × 10‐11). The mean age at onset was 73.4 years in DRB1*07 homozygotes, 69.7 years in heterozygotes, and 66.6 in non‐carriers (P = 0.0488). DRB1*07 carriers and non‐carriers did not differ in disease severity and response to therapy. Titin antibodies were detected in 61.4% of the cases, having no association with HLA alleles or specific clinical characteristics.InterpretationIn our study, we identified the HLA DRB1*07‐DQB1*02 haplotype as a predisposing factor for the development of generalized LOMG in the Italian population.
Powering Implantable and Ingestible Electronics
Authors: Yang So‐Yoon , Sencadas Vitor , You Siheng Sean , Jia Neil Zi‐Xun , Srinivasan Shriya Sruthi , Huang Hen‐Wei , Ahmed Abdelsalam Elrefaey , Liang Jia Ying , Traverso Giovanni 
Published: February 2021

AbstractImplantable and ingestible biomedical electronic devices can be useful tools for detecting physiological and pathophysiological signals, and providing treatments that cannot be done externally. However, one major challenge in the development of these devices is the limited lifetime of their power sources. The state‐of‐the‐art of powering technologies for implantable and ingestible electronics is reviewed here. The structure and power requirements of implantable and ingestible biomedical electronics are described to guide the development of powering technologies. These powering technologies include novel batteries that can be used as both power sources and for energy storage, devices that can harvest energy from the human body, and devices that can receive and operate with energy transferred from exogenous sources. Furthermore, potential sources of mechanical, chemical, and electromagnetic energy present around common target locations of implantable and ingestible electronics are thoroughly analyzed; energy harvesting and transfer methods befitting each energy source are also discussed. Developing power sources that are safe, compact, and have high volumetric energy densities is essential for realizing long‐term in‐body biomedical electronics and for enabling a new era of personalized healthcare.
Bright‐Multicolor, Highly Efficient, and Addressable Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Fibers: Toward Wearable Textile Information Displays
Authors: Hwang Yong Ha , Kwon Seonil , Shin Jeong Bin , Kim Hyuncheol , Son Young Hyun , Lee Ho Seung , Noh Byeongju , Nam Minwoo , Choi Kyung Cheol 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFiber‐based light‐emitting devices, which can be directly integrated into daily clothes, have emerged as a next‐generation display form factor that can provide informational hyper‐connections between humans and devices. However, although various approaches have provided advanced wearability, challenges remain for visualizing information, such as high power consumption resulting from high driving voltage and low current efficiency (CE), limited brightness making information difficult to recognize, and lack of addressability for displaying information. Here, a novel fiber‐based textile display that can surmount those challenges by successfully introducing phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (phOLEDs) based on a dip‐coating method and an addressable structure on cylinder‐shaped fiber is reported. The fiber phOLEDs exhibit unprecedented optoelectronic performance, including brightness, CE, and driving voltages comparable to those of conventional glass‐based OLEDs. Particularly, they show the highest CE values of 16.3, 60.7, and 16.9 cd A–1 for red, green, and blue, respectively, among results reported thus far. Also, the fiber phOLEDs with an addressable structure implementing independent pixels can be operated by the matrix‐addressable scheme. Based on unique deformability which is confirmed by flexibility tests, the performance capabilities, and addressability, letter information can be successfully visualized on daily clothes, demonstrating the potential for realizing truly wearable textile displays.
Bimodal Plasmonic Color Filters Enable Direct Optical Imaging of Ion Implantation in Thin Films
Authors: Sadatnajafi Catherine , Balaur Eugeniu , Abbey Brian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOptical metamaterials offer precise control over the properties and interactions of light at the nanoscale, attracting interest in many new fields of research including chemical and molecular sensing, magnetic antennas, and photovoltaic elements. By utilizing the phenomenon of extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) plasmonic devices enable the detection of minute changes in the local, near‐surface, dielectric properties of materials, opening up a wide range of different applications. Characterization of the optoelectronic properties of ultra‐thin films is of paramount importance for a wide range of electronic applications including integrated circuit production. However, it is often extremely difficult to achieve using conventional imaging techniques. Here, it is demonstrated that plasmonic color filters can be used for the direct optical imaging and characterization of ion implantation in thin films. A model system consisting of variable doses of gallium ions implanted within titanium oxide thin films is used. It is observed that the ion implantation dose leads to a variation in the measured plasmon resonance spectra, which can be further enhanced through the use of bimodal nanopixel arrays. Using Monte Carlo simulations and the Maxwell‐Garnett relation, the observed plasmon resonance spectra in terms of the gallium ion implantation dose is quantitatively interpreted.
Intramolecular‐Locked High Efficiency Ultrapure Violet‐Blue (CIE‐y <0.046) Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters Exhibiting Amplified Spontaneous Emission
Authors: Khan Aziz , Tang Xun , Zhong Cheng , Wang Qiang , Yang Sheng‐Yi , Kong Fan‐Cheng , Yuan Shuai , Sandanayaka Atula S. D. , Adachi Chihaya , Jiang Zuo‐Quan , Liao Liang‐Sheng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRational manipulation of frontier orbital distribution and singlet‐triplet splitting is crucial to exploit the luminescent properties of organic molecules. To realize ultra‐blue luminescence, both blue‐shifted wavelength peak (λpeak) and narrow full‐width at half‐maximum (FWHM) are required. Herein, a new thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) skeleton by inserting the diphenyl methylene intramolecular‐lock to adjust the torsion angles and restrict the intramolecular relaxation is developed. Two rigid emitters, incorporating phenoxazine (PXZN‐B) and acridine (DMACN‐B) as donors and mesitylboron as an acceptor, exhibit narrow FWHMs (<50 nm) with deep‐blue (0.133, 0.147) and violet‐blue emission (0.151, 0.045), respectively. In particular, the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of a DMACN‐B‐based device closely approach the Rec.2020 standard (0.131, 0.046). Moreover, both of the organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on PXZN‐B and DMACN‐B show TADF character, with high external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) exceeding 10%. Furthermore, owing to the large orbital overlap, these TADF emitters own a fast S1–S0 transition rate exceeding 108 s–1, thereby exhibiting marked amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) with low thresholds. Therefore, the intramolecular‐lock strategy provides not only innovation for realizing high‐efficiency deep‐blue TADF emission with high color purity but also an avenue for a TADF‐based ASE and lasing application.
Muscle Fibers Inspired High‐Performance Piezoelectric Textiles for Wearable Physiological Monitoring
Authors: Su Yuanjie , Chen Chunxu , Pan Hong , Yang Ye , Chen Guorui , Zhao Xun , Li Weixiong , Gong Qichen , Xie Guangzhong , Zhou Yihao , Zhang Songlin , Tai Huiling , Jiang Yadong , Chen Jun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe next‐generation wearable biosensors with highly biocompatible, stretchable, and robust features are expected to enable the change of the current reactive and disease‐centric healthcare system to a personalized model with a focus on disease prevention and health promotion. Herein, a muscle‐fiber‐inspired nonwoven piezoelectric textile with tunable mechanical properties for wearable physiological monitoring is developed. To mimic the muscle fibers, polydopamine (PDA) is dispersed into the electrospun barium titanate/polyvinylidene fluoride (BTO/PVDF) nanofibers to enhance the interfacial‐adhesion, mechanical strength, and piezoelectric properties. Such improvements are both experimentally observed via mechanical characterization and theoretically verified by the phase‐field simulation. Taking the PDA@BTO/PVDF nanofibers as the building blocks, a nonwoven light‐weight piezoelectric textile is fabricated, which hold an outstanding sensitivity (3.95 V N−1) and long‐term stability (<3% decline after 7,400 cycles). The piezoelectric textile demonstrates multiple potential applications, including pulse wave measurement, human motion monitoring, and active voice recognition. By creatively mimicking the muscle fibers, this work paves a cost‐effective way to develop high‐performance and self‐powered wearable bioelectronics for personalized healthcare.