bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and utilization of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV services among pregnant women in Tanzania
Authors: Ngadaya Esther , Shija Angela , Sindato Calvin , Kahwa Amos , Kimaro Godfather , Senkoro Mbazi , Mnaymbwa Nicholaus , Philibert Doreen , Mbilu Togolai , Mandara Celina , Shemtandulo Ramadhani , Mwinyeheri Thomas , Wilfred Aman , Mfinanga Sayoki 
Published: October 2021

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection among children is mainly vectored through mother-to-child transmission. Prevention of mother-to-child-transmission strategy is highly effective; however, its accessibility and utilization is affected by the lack of knowledge among other factors.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among antenatal care attendees in two districts in Tanzania to determine their knowledge and utilization of the prevention of MTCT services.
Results: We interviewed 160 antenatal care attendees aged 18-45 years with a mean (SD) age of 30.4 (6.3) years; 74 (46.2 %) were HIV-infected. HIV-infected women demonstrated significantly correct knowledge of HIV (p=0.001) and AIDS (p=0.014) than uninfected individuals. HIV-infected women also significantly demonstrated correct knowledge of mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy than HIV-uninfected women (p=0.016) and during delivery (p=0.005). A significant proportion of HIV-positive women compared to HIV-negative women were aware that correct use of antiretroviral during pregnancy can reduce the risk of mother-to-child-transmission of HIV (p<0.039), but only 6 (3.75%) of all women were aware that correct use of antiretroviral during delivery can significantly reduce the risk of mother-to-child-transmission. HIV-infected women had significant comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS (p=0.001) and prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (p=0.006) than HIV-negative women. Comprehensive knowledge prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV was low among the study participants. Male partners’ involvement in maternal antenatal care was significantly higher among HIV-infected women than males from the HIV-infected women group (p<0.006).
Conclusion: The study demonstrated inadequate knowledge of PMTCT among women who made ANC visits. HIV uninfected women had poorer knowledge compared to the HIV-infected ones. Routine HIV counseling and testing services were highly accepted among these women.
SISTEM INFORMASI KEANGGOTAAN PERGERAKAN MAHASISWA ISLAM INDONESIA (PMII) KABUPATEN BANJAR
Authors: Hafidh Fathul , Kurniawan Mirza Yogy , Anwar Rezky Izzatul Yazidah 
Published: October 2021

The Indonesian Islamic Student Movement (PMII) Banjar Regency is a forum for association of student organizations within the Banjar Regency. The registration process for organizational members is carried out conventionally, which must come to the PMII Kabupaten Banjar then filled out all available forms and collected them back to the administration department. Then a written test is held which will be held on the specified day, after the participant is declared to have passed, then the participant will be invited to carry out an interview test. Documentation of activities on books and paper causes data recording to take a long time due to different handwriting and difficulty in reading them, books and paper are also prone to damage and loss. It is very difficult to find data from previous registered member because there is no good documentation. There is also no standard committee election fee, which creates difficulties in choosing a new committee. With the Information System, the registration service process, written tests until interviews can be well documented and stored, data retrieval becomes faster also data management is more structured. The management system for each member also facilitates the management of existing members in the PMII Kabupaten Banjar and can be used as a reference when forming a committee. Testing User Acceptance on the application of the system gets Cronbach Alpha value of 0.654, which means that the reliability is included.
Screen Industries in East-Central Europe
Authors: Szczepanik Petr 
Published: October 2021

This book is available as open access through the Bloomsbury Open programme and is available on www.bloomsburycollections.com.
This book provides an alternative perspective into the audiovisual and media industries of eastern and central Europe, namely the Czech Republic, Poland and Hungary. In doing so, it offers insight into the ways the screen industries of small nations are positioned in and respond to globalization and digitalization. Petr Szczepanik suggests that for these ‘digital peripheries’, globalization and digitalization are as yet incomplete, stumbling processes, closely intertwined with and mediated by deeply local circumstances and players.
Instead of a top-down economic or political overview, this book places central focus on the lived realities of producers as key initiators, facilitators, and cultural intermediaries. Drawing on in-depth interviews, it looks closely at how their agency is circumscribed by the limited scale and peripheral positioning of the markets in which they operate, and how they struggle to come to terms with these constraints through their business strategies, creative thinking and professional self-perceptions.
Each of the seven chapters provides a close study of one such production practice. This includes but is not limited to independent producers limited by the size of their home markets; the ‘service producers’ working on large Western projects in Prague and Budapest and short-form online video production with its promise of dynamic growth in the era of mobile. However diverse, all these cases illustrate that while many industry practices and actors remain territorially and nationally bound, it is impossible to understand the full complexity of media markets and producer practices in the internet era without considering transcultural networks and flows. Theoretically building on the literature in critical media industry studies, this book offers a comparative analytical framework for studying small and/or peripheral media industries beyond east-central Europe.
PENGLIBATAN KOMUNITI DALAM PROGRAM GERAKAN DESA WAWASAN (GDW) DI KAMPUNG BAYANGAN, KENINGAU, SABAH
Authors: Jamalong Norhaya , Hussin Rosazman 
Published: October 2021

This article discusses about community participation in the Gerakan Desa Wawasan (GDW) programme is being implemented in Kampung Bayangan, Keningau, Sabah. Community engagement is an important element of community development because they are individuals or groups of stakeholders who have a significant impact on the development of a project or program that is planned and implemented. Therefore, GDW programme is a mechanism to encourage local community involvement as it emphasizes the participation of the villagers themselves in the planning and development programme towards making the village more prosperous, attractive and profitable. Seven informants were interviewed in this study. All selected informants have experience and knowledge in running and implementing GDW programme in their villages. The findings of this study indicate that community participation in the GDW programme is active.

ABSTRAK
Artikel ini membincangkan penglibatan komuniti dalam program Gerakan Desa Wawasan (GDW) yang dilaksanakan di Kampung Bayangan, Keningau, Sabah. Penglibatan komuniti adalah suatu elemen penting dalam pembangunan komuniti kerana mereka adalah individu atau kumpulan yang berkepentingan yang menerima kesan yang signifikan daripada pembangunan sesuatu projek atau program yang dirancang dan dilaksanakan. Justeru itu, program Gerakan Desa Wawasan (GDW) sebagai mekanisma untuk menggalakkan penglibatan komuniti setempat kerana program ini menekankan penglibatan penduduk kampung itu sendiri dalam proses perancangan dan program pembangunan ke arah menjadikan desa lebih maju, menarik dan menguntungkan. Seramai tujuh orang informan yang di temu bual dalam kajian ini. Kesemua informan yang dipilih mempunyai pengalaman dan pengetahuan dalam mengendalikan dan melaksanakan program GDW di kampung mereka. Penemuan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa penglibatan komuniti dalam program GDW adalah aktif.
Examining the Use of Wearable Technologies for K-12 Students: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Jovanovic Philip , Kay Robin 
Published: October 2021

Wearable technologies such as smartwatches, smart clothing, smart glasses, fitness trackers, and brain senor headbands are wireless body sensors designed to record physiological and physical data. Since 2015, their use has increased in K-12 classrooms, but a comprehensive investigation of student impact yet to be conducted. In this paper, we conducted a systematic review of the literature focussing on the benefits and challenges of using wearable technologies for K-12 students. Using the PRISMA approach and a thematic narrative analysis, we analyzed 29 peer-reviewed articles from 2003 to 2019. The benefits of using wearable technologies for K-12 students included providing students with voice, ownership of learning and reflection, increasing engagement and relevance, improving learning, building social presence, increasing accessibility, and differentiated instruction. The challenges of using wearable technologies for K-12 students were health and safety as well as diminished perceptions of self-worth. Finally, we explored future research directions for wearable technologies in K-12 classrooms, including improved wearables-based pedagogy, data analysis methods, data ethics, and security policies.
Resultados preliminares del Ambiente Acústico Enriquecido como terapia sonora personalizada del acúfeno
Authors: Cobo Pedro 
Published: October 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es describir los fundamentos de una terapia sonora, el Ambiente Acústico Enriquecido (EAE), para la estimulación selectiva de pacientes con acúfenos. El estímulo sonoro consiste en una secuencia de tres tipos de tonos (pip, burst y gamma) de frecuencia aleatoria, dentro de la banda de frecuencias audibles, cada uno de ellos con una amplitud directamente proporcional a la pérdida de audición del sujeto a esa frecuencia. Las secuencias de tonos pip y tonos burst ya han demostrado su eficacia en la restauración del mapa tonotópico de animales expuestos previamente a un ruido traumatizante, y en el restablecimiento la hipersensibilidad de un grupo de pacientes con hiperacusia, respectivamente. Las secuencias de tonos gamma, cuyos fundamentos se describen en este artículo, constituyen una propuesta original. La sucesión de tonos resultante estimula secuencialmente el sistema auditivo del sujeto compensando su pérdida de audición, que es una de las causas que disparan el acúfeno.
MODERN PROBLEMS OF ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF DRUGS CIRCULATING IN THE MARKET OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: ДАУТБАЕВ Е.К. , АХИМОВА А.Д. 
Published: October 2021

В статье рассмотрены основные отличительные особенности новой системы оценки качества фармацевтической продукции в пост регистрационный период. Приведен краткий обзор инструментов ВОЗ для регуляторных систем в сфере обращения лекарственных средств и международного опыта в области пост маркетингового надзора. Выделены ключевые проблемы оценки качества лекарственных средств, обращающихся на рынке Республики Казахстан.
The article discusses the main features of the new system for evaluating the quality of pharmaceutical products at the registration stage. A brief overview of WHO tools for regulatory systems in the аweld of drug circulation and international experience in the аweld of posmarketing supervision is given. The main problems of assessing the quality of medicines in circulation on the market of the Republic of Kazakhstan were noted.
Peri-Implantitis Revisited
Authors: Shatta Amer , Anil Sukumaran 
Published: October 2021

Dental implants have become a well-accepted treatment option for patients with partial or complete edentulism. The long-term success of the endosseous dental implant depends not only on osseointegration, but on the healthy soft tissue interface that surrounds the implant. Peri-implantitis is defined as an inflammatory process affecting the supporting hard and soft tissue around an implant in function, leading to loss of supporting bone. Peri-implant mucositis has been defined as a reversible inflammatory reaction in the peri-implant mucosa surrounding an osseointegrated dental implant. Peri-implant mucositis is assumed to precede peri-implantitis. Data indicate that patients diagnosed with peri-implant mucositis may develop peri-implantitis, especially in the absence of regular maintenance care. However, the features or conditions characterizing the progression from peri-implant mucositis to peri-implantitis in susceptible patients have not been identified. The most common etiological factors associated with the development of peri-implantitis are the presence of bacterial plaque and host response. The risk factors associated with peri-implant bone loss include smoking combined with IL-1 genotype polymorphism, a history of periodontitis, poor compliance with treatment and oral hygiene practices, the presence of systemic diseases affecting healing, cement left behind following cementation of the crowns, lack of keratinized gingiva, and previous history of implant failure There is strong evidence that there is an increased risk of developing peri-implantitis in patients who have a history of severe periodontitis, poor plaque control, and no regular maintenance care after implant therapy. Management of peri-implantitis generally works on the assumption that there is a primary microbial etiology. Furthermore, it is assumed that micro-organisms and/or their by-products lead to infection of the surrounding tissues and subsequent destruction of the alveolar bone surrounding an implant. A combination of surgical, open debridement, and antimicrobial treatment has been advocated for the treatment of peri-implantitis. Surgical intervention is required once a patient has bleeding on probing, greater than 5 mm of probing depth, and severe bone loss beyond that expected with remodeling. Access flaps require full-thickness elevation of the mucoperiosteum, facilitating debridement and decontamination of the implant surface via hand instruments, ultrasonic tips, or lasers. When necessary, surgical procedures may be used in conjunction with detoxification of the implant surface by mechanical devices, such as high-pressure air powder abrasion or laser.
From Signal to Symbol
Authors: Planer Ronald J. , Sterelny Kim 
Published: October 2021

A novel account of the evolution of language and the cognitive capacities on which language depends.
In From Signal to Symbol, Ronald Planer and Kim Sterelny propose a novel theory of language: that modern language is the product of a long series of increasingly rich protolanguages evolving over the last two million years. Arguing that language and cognition coevolved, they give a central role to archaeological evidence and attempt to infer cognitive capacities on the basis of that evidence, which they link in turn to communicative capacities.
Countering other accounts, which move directly from archaeological traces to language, Planer and Sterelny show that rudimentary forms of many of the elements on which language depends can be found in the great apes and were part of the equipment of the earliest species in our lineage. After outlining the constraints a theory of the evolution of language should satisfy and filling in the details of their model, they take up the evolution of words, composite utterances, and hierarchical structure. They consider the transition from a predominantly gestural to a predominantly vocal form of language and discuss the economic and social factors that led to language. Finally, they evaluate their theory in terms of the constraints previously laid out.
Building the New Economy
Authors: Pentland Alex , Lipton Alexander , Hardjono Thomas 
Published: October 2021

How to empower people and communities with user-centric data ownership, transparent and accountable algorithms, and secure digital transaction systems.
Data is now central to the economy, government, and health systems—so why are data and the AI systems that interpret the data in the hands of so few people? Building the New Economy calls for us to reinvent the ways that data and artificial intelligence are used in civic and government systems. Arguing that we need to think about data as a new type of capital, the authors show that the use of data trusts and distributed ledgers can empower people and communities with user-centric data ownership, transparent and accountable algorithms, machine learning fairness principles and methodologies, and secure digital transaction systems.
It's well known that social media generate disinformation and that mobile phone tracking apps threaten privacy. But these same technologies may also enable the creation of more agile systems in which power and decision-making are distributed among stakeholders rather than concentrated in a few hands. Offering both big ideas and detailed blueprints, the authors describe such key building blocks as data cooperatives, tokenized funding mechanisms, and tradecoin architecture. They also discuss technical issues, including how to build an ecosystem of trusted data, the implementation of digital currencies, and interoperability, and consider the evolution of computational law systems.
Algorithm for an automatic treatment planning system using a single‐arc VMAT for prostate cancer
Authors: Kodama Takumi , Kudo Shigehiro , Hatanaka Shogo , Hariu Masatsugu , Shimbo Munefumi , Takahashi Takeo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOptimization process in treatment planning for intensity‐modulated radiation therapy varies with the treatment planner. Therefore, a large variation in the quality of dose distribution is usually observed. To reduce variation, an automatic optimizing toolkit was developed for the Monaco treatment planning system (Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden) for prostate cancer using volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT). This toolkit was able to create plans automatically. However, most plans needed two arcs per treatment to ensure the dose coverage for targets. For prostate cancer, providing a plan with a single arc was advisable in clinical practice because intrafraction motion management must be considered to irradiate accurately. The purpose of this work was to develop an automatic treatment planning system with a single arc per treatment for prostate cancer using VMAT. We designed the new algorithm for the automatic treatment planning system to use one arc per treatment for prostate cancer in Monaco. We constructed the system in two main steps: (1) Determine suitable cost function parameters for each case before optimization, and (2) repeat the calculation and optimization until the conditions for dose indices are fulfilled. To evaluate clinical suitability, the plan quality between manual planning and the automatic planning system was compared. Our system created the plans automatically in all patients within a few iterations. Statistical differences between the plans were not observed for the target and organ at risk. It created the plans with no human input other than the initial template setting and system initiation. This system offers improved efficiency in running the treatment planning system and human resources while ensuring high‐quality outputs.
Deep learning‐based classification and structure name standardization for organ at risk and target delineations in prostate cancer radiotherapy
Authors: Jamtheim Gustafsson Christian , Lempart Michael , Swärd Johan , Persson Emilia , Nyholm Tufve , Thellenberg Karlsson Camilla , Scherman Jonas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRadiotherapy (RT) datasets can suffer from variations in annotation of organ at risk (OAR) and target structures. Annotation standards exist, but their description for prostate targets is limited. This restricts the use of such data for supervised machine learning purposes as it requires properly annotated data. The aim of this work was to develop a modality independent deep learning (DL) model for automatic classification and annotation of prostate RT DICOM structures.Delineated prostate organs at risk (OAR), support‐ and target structures (gross tumor volume [GTV]/clinical target volume [CTV]/planning target volume [PTV]), along with or without separate vesicles and/or lymph nodes, were extracted as binary masks from 1854 patients. An image modality independent 2D InceptionResNetV2 classification network was trained with varying amounts of training data using four image input channels. Channel 1–3 consisted of orthogonal 2D projections from each individual binary structure. The fourth channel contained a summation of the other available binary structure masks. Structure classification performance was assessed in independent CT (n = 200 pat) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (n = 40 pat) test datasets and an external CT (n = 99 pat) dataset from another clinic.A weighted classification accuracy of 99.4% was achieved during training. The unweighted classification accuracy and the weighted average F1 score among different structures in the CT test dataset were 98.8% and 98.4% and 98.6% and 98.5% for the MRI test dataset, respectively. The external CT dataset yielded the corresponding results 98.4% and 98.7% when analyzed for trained structures only, and results from the full dataset yielded 79.6% and 75.2%. Most misclassifications in the external CT dataset occurred due to multiple CTVs and PTVs being fused together, which was not included in the training data.Our proposed DL‐based method for automated renaming and standardization of prostate radiotherapy annotations shows great potential. Clinic specific contouring standards however need to be represented in the training data for successful use. Source code is available at https://github.com/jamtheim/DicomRTStructRenamerPublic
Radioluminescence Imaging of Drug Elution from Biomedical Implants
Authors: Schober Gretchen B. , Anker Jeffrey N. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA method to noninvasively measure the concentration of radiolabeled pharmaceuticals on modified drug‐eluting biomedical implant surfaces is described. The implants are coated with microphosphors and radiolabeled pharmaceuticals in a polyurethane film. The drug molecules emit radiation which excites radioluminescence in nearby phosphors; for drug released from the film the radiation is absorbed by the surrounding media and generates no light. The technique is applied to measure beta‐emitting tritium‐labeled vancomycin (3H‐vancomycin) concentration on the surface of an orthopedic plate. Bacteria can coat orthopedic implant surfaces and form biofilms which are resistant to antibiotics and the host's immune system. Antibiotic eluting implant coatings are thus promising candidates for infection prevention and treatment. Radioluminescence imaging permits surface‐specific, noninvasive measurement of drug concentration on implant surfaces, which is an important metric for developing effective drug eluting coatings. The radioluminescence signal increases linearly with 3H‐vancomycin concentration, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 9.6 nCi (3.5 pmol) without tissue. Biomedically relevant drug release concentrations are monitored through 5 mm of porcine tissue slices (38.7 nmol LOD). Despite light scattering, and an eightfold signal decrease through 5 mm of tissue, drug release and reference regions are resolvable for non‐invasive quantification.