bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thyroid disorders in children and adolescents
Authors: Dayal Devi , Gupta Brij Mohan , Gupta Atul 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Several countries research thyroid problems in children and adolescents. However, a scientometric assessment of global research in this field is unavailable.

Aim:
We aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment of research in thyroid disorders in children during 1990–2019.

Methods:
The data on pediatric thyroid disorders (PTDs) publications were retrieved from the Scopus database and analyzed using select bibliometric tools.

Results:
There were 4658 publications over the 30-year period registering an average annual and 15-year cumulative growth of 6.9% and 149.4%, respectively, and averaging 24.0 citations per paper. Of the 144 participating countries, the top ten contributed 69.9% of the global share. The most productive countries were the USA, Italy, and UK, whereas Netherlands, Canada, and the USA were the most impactful. Of the 745 participating organizations and 1275 authors, the top 20 of each contributed 26.2% and 7.9% of publication share, and 42.8% and 14.6% of citation share, respectively. The top three most productive organizations were INSERM, France, National Institute of Health, USA, and National Cancer Research Institute, USA, whereas the top three most productive authors were S. Yamashita, L. Persani, and G. Weber. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Thyroid were the journals that published most research in PTDs.

Conclusions:
There is a substantial recent increase in the quantity of research on PTDs dominated by the North-American and Western-European countries. The vast disparities in pediatric thyroid research between high- and low-income countries need to be addressed through collaborations.
Prediction for Risk of Recurrence and Delayed Metastases of 1-16 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: An evaluation of CT scan
Authors: Phuprasat Umasan , Churojana Anchalee , Thepmongkol Kullathorn 
Published: August 2021

Purpose: To analyze the imaging characteristic on CT scan of the primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma which predict the locoregional recurrence.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of 464 patients who had nasopharyngeal carcinoma at Siriraj Hospital, during 2004-2009 was performed. The treatment options were radiation therapy and concurrent chemotherapy corresponding to the staging, which were assessed by using CT. The patients who had no available initial imaging studies, incomplete treatment or had follow up less than 1 year were excluded. The imaging studies were analyzed for primary tumor size, direct tumor extension, and cervical lymph node involvement. The vascular invasion was defined as the obliteration more than half of the circumferential fat surrounding internal carotid artery. The regional nodes were evaluated for the levels of involvement and size of the largest one.
Results: There were 99 patients (68 male, 31 female, mean age at 50 years) with the TNM classifications as follows: T15.2%, T2 39.4%, T3 24.2%, T4 21.2%, N0 18.2%, N1 14.1%, N2 46.5% and metastasis 11.76%. The extensions were prevertebral space (54.5%), masticator space (30.3%), skull base destruction (18.2%), and vascular invasion (42.4%). Nodal involvement was found in 81.8%. The most frequency of the largest lymph node was at ipsilateral level V (38.4%) and II (41.4%). Recurrence was found in 40.4% with averaged at 24 months after complete treatment (95%CI). Vascular invasion and skull base invasion had significant associated to predictive the risk of recurrence (P=0.04 and <0.001, respectively). The size of the tumor or lymph node showed no relation to the local regional recurrence or metastasis.
Conclusion: The risks of NPC recurrence have been correlated to TNM staging, skull base, and carotid space involvement. Skull base invasion has been identified to be the predictive sign for tumor recurrence. Skull base invasion and carotid space involvement have also a statistically significant prognostic factor for overall survival.
Predictive Factors for Successful Percutaneous Sclerotherapy of Venous and Lymphatic Malformations
Authors: Churojana Anchalee , Mahiwan Laksanawadee , Songsaeng Dittapong , Khumtong Rujimas , Homsud Saowanee 
Published: August 2021

Objectives: To determine the predictive factors for good response outcome of venous (VMs) and lymphatic malformations (LMs) by percutaneous sclerosing therapy and to compare the complications associated with bleomycin versus alcohol treatment.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of 225 patients with lymphatic and venous malformation who had treated by percutaneous sclerotherapy using alcohol and/or bleomycin was performed The treatment outcome was graded from 0-3, in orderly of clinical responsiveness by using visual assessment of changing in size and subjective improvement of symptoms. Predictive factors of good treatment outcome were determined by uni- and multivariate analysis which were conducted on sex, age, onset of disease, location, type, characteristic of lesion and sclerosant usage.
Results: Of 225 patients, 87.6% were VMs and 12.4% were LMs. VMs were predominating in female (6.2:3.8). Between ethanol and bleomycin, there was no statistical significant of treatment sessions, dose and treatment outcome. (p= .42) Sclerosing therapy provided better response on VMs than LMs. (49.2% and 21.4% respectively, p=.002), and had more effective on focal lesions than diffuse patterns (64.9% and 26.1% respectively p<.001) The gender, onset of disease, locations, characteristic on venography and preceding treatment showed no correlation with treatment result. Major complications of ethanol occurred in 38.6%,including hematuria, gangrene, facial paralysis, pulmonary embolism and death. Minor adverse reactions of bleomycin encountered in 19.8% with hyperpigmentation, flu-like symptom and localized fibrosis.
Conclusion: Both absolute alcohol and bleomycin were effective sclerosing agents for percutaneous treatment of venous malformations, but no serious complications encountered with bleomycin. The characteristic of focal single lesion, at any region of body part, can be a predictor for good response.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors with Pathological Correlations
Authors: Thammaroj Jureerat , Kitkhandee Amnat , Tumkot Parinyaporn , Duangtongpol Pichayen , Waraosawapati Sakda 
Published: August 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine characteristic imaging findings of intramedullary
spinal cord tumor in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Material and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed MRI in 15 patients with histologicaly proven intramedullary spinal cord tumors. The demographic data, MRI findings with histological findings were
recorded in terms of age, location, length, morphology, signal intensity, the presence or absence of cyst
and hemorrhage, enhancement pattern, other associated findings, necrosis, vascular proliferation and
WHO grading.
Results: Among the 15 patients, spinal cord ependymomas were eccentric 75%, well-define border 62.5% and cervicothoracic spine located 37.5%. Spinal cord astrocytomas were eccentrically located and ill-define border 85.7%, cervicothoracic and thoracic spine located 28.5%. A cystic component was seen in 87.5% of spinal cord ependymoma and 71.5% of astrocytomas. Intratumoral hemorrhage occurred in 75% of spinal cord ependymomas, and 57.1% of astrocytomas. In 12.5% of spinal cord ependymomas, a curvilinear low T2 signal, suggesting marginal hemorrhage, was seen at the upper and/or lower margins of the tumors. Twenty-five percent of spinal cord ependymoma and 57.2% of astrocytomas showed heterogeneous enhancement, while in 12.5% of spinal cord ependymomas, enhancement was homogeneous.
Conclusion: Although no statistically significant characteristic MRI feature to distinguish between ependymoma and astrocytoma is detected. By percentage we found that border, length and signal intensity of tumors may help diagnosis. With pathological correlation, all of spinal cord ependymomas are mark hypervascular tumor, but astrocytomas never showed.
A Comparison of Bone Scan Using between F-18 NaF PET/CT and Tc-99m MDP
Authors: Pusuwan Pawana , Ekjeen Tawatchai , Tocharoenchai Chiraporn , Maungsomboon Kobkun , Wiyaporn Kanyalak , Komoltri Chulalak , Ruangma Ananya , Tiparoj Ruentip 
Published: August 2021

Objective: To study bone scintigraphy using between F-18 NaF PET/CT and Tc-99m MDP scan for detecting bone metastases.
Material and Methods: Thirteen patients (5 males, mean age 55.4 years, range 34-74 years) who were suspected bone metastases with single or two equivocal lesions on Tc-99m MDP bone scan were recruited between October 2010 and October 2012. All these patients underwent F-18 NaF PET/CT scan within one week after Tc-99m MDP bone scan. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of Tc-99m MDP bone scan and F-18 NaF PET/CT in differentiating metastatic bone lesion from benign lesion by patientbased and lesion-based analyses were studied.
Results: F-18 NaF PET/CT could identify all seven patients with malignant bone metastases that Tc-99m MDP bone scan was interpreted as malignancy in only three patients (42.9%) and equivocal in the rest of these patients. For lesion-based analysis of the overall 75 lesions, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of Tc-99m MDP bone scan were 48%, 83.3% and 70.7% and F-18 NaF PET/CT were 100% for all parameters. Besides the ability of F-18 NaF PET/CT to accurately identify malignancy from benign lesion, unenhanced CT portion of PET/CT can show extra-osseous findings that may change patient management.
Conclusion: F-18 NaF PET/CT provides an excellent bone image quality and higher accuracy than Tc-99m MDP bone scan. Then F-18 NaF PET/CT is a good choice for evaluating bone metastases.
Diagnostic Efficacy of CT/MR Imaging and Adrenal Vein Sampling for Localization of Aldosterone-producing Adrenal Adenomas in Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Boontankan Nontika , Sasiwimonphan Kewalee 
Published: August 2021

Objective: To test the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of CT/MR imaging and adrenal vein sampling (AVS) for diagnosis of aldosterone-producing adrenal adenoma (APA).
Material and method: Retrospective study of 14 patients with primary hyperaldosteronism (PAL) who underwent both CT/MR imaging and AVS between June 2007 and June 2012 were performed. The study included 7 male and 7 female patients. Review CT/MR findings of these cases and compared with AVS results were done.
Results: Five of fourteen patients (35%) had unilateral adrenal nodules on CT, and one of fourteen patients (7.1%) had bilateral adrenal nodules on CT[D1]. The remaining eight patients had no significant nodules in both adrenal glands. Among 5 patients who had unilateral adrenal nodule detected from CT, 4 patients (80%) with nodule greater than 10 mm also presented with lateralization from AVS and finally pathological proven APA. The last patient with unilateral nodule showed small size less than 10 mm and had AVS results of bilateral lesion. Medical therapy was applied for this patient instead of surgical treatment. In other group (8 of 14 patients, 57.1%), there was no significant nodule from CT or MRI and AVS results indicated bilateral lesions in two patients (25%). The rest of six patients found unilateral lesion on AVS which underwent adrenalectomy and histological revealed adrenal hyperplasia of all cases. Two of six patients concluded to be primary adrenal hyperplasia (PAH) or unilateral adrenal hyperplasia (UAH), which showed clinical cure after adenalectomy. The remaining four patients who showed no improvement of hypertension after adrenalectomy concluded to be bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (BAH). The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV for detected adrenal adenoma by CT/MRI of our study were 66.67%, 87.50%, 78.57%, 80.00%, and 77.78%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV for detected adrenal adenoma by AVS at cut point AVS ratio at 2 were 100%, 50%, 71.43%, 60% and 100%, respectively.
Conclusion: In patient with suspected PAL who presented with unilateral adrenal nodule at least 10 mm in size detected by CT, these patient should be referred for adrenalectomy without need to performing AVS. The differentiation of subtype in patients with PAL is most reliably achieved with AVS which may reserve for patient who had no significant adrenal nodule from CT/MRI.
Unsatisfactory Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration of Thyroid Nodule: Which Factors Limit Cytology Result?
Authors: Poonotoke Pratirop 
Published: August 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study is to focus on which factors affect or limit fine-needle aspirationcytology (FNAC) results of thyroid nodule, in order to increase the satisfactory cytologic results and to avoid unnecessary FNAC in patients with asymptomatic benign nodules and highly possible unsatisfactory results.
Materials and Methods: The records of 217 thyroid nodules in 179 patients referred to the radiology department at Lerdsin Hospital for US-guided FNAC between January 2010 and December 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Cytologic specimens of the FNAC were classified as unsatisfactory (non-diagnostic) and satisfactory (diagnostic) results and analyzed by mean of Logistic regression analysis, based on patientûs age, gender, nodule size, number and solid-cystic composition of nodule.
Results: The cytologic result was satisfactory for diagnosis in 154 specimens (71%) and unsatisfactory in 63 specimens (29%). Patientûs age, gender, number and size of nodule of the unsatisfactory result group were not different from the satisfactory result group but the nodule composition was different. Percentage of the unsatisfactory aspiration increased as the cystic component increased, ranging from 15.3% in solid nodules to 59.3% in predominant cystic nodules (cystic >75%). Upon the binary logistic regression analysis, the predominant cystic nodule was the only significant predictor of unsatisfactory result (p-value < 0.001) while solid nodules, predominant solid nodules and solid-cystic nodules are not significant. Unsatisfactory FNAC result of the predominant cystic nodules was about 8 times higher than the solid nodule (crude odds ratio = 8.087, p-value < 0.001).
Conclusion: To optimize the usefulness of FNAC,we should realize that solid-cystic composition of the thyroid nodules influence the non-diagnostic and diagnostic cytology.
Appropriateness of pediatric CT utilization in clinical practice
Authors: Trinavarat Panruethai , Pisuchpen Nisanard , Petcharunpaisan Sasitorn , Sosothikul Darintr , Deerojanawong Jitladda , Veeravigrom Montida , Amornfa Jiraporn , Vejchapipat Paisarn , Riccabona Michael 
Published: August 2021

Background: Justification of imaging investigations is important, particularly in pediatrics underwent investigation using a relatively higher radiation such as CT, due to the higher radiation sensitivity of children.
Objective: To assess the difference of viewpoints between pediatric physicians and pediatric radiologists on the appropriateness of pediatric CT utilization in a tertiary-care university hospital with limited MR capacity.
Methods: Pediatric medical records of head CT, chest CT, and abdominal CT were retrospectively reviewed in consecutive date of the examination until having 100 head CTs and 100 body CTs with complete clinical and imaging information. The physicians and the radiologists were asked to suggest the imaging modality of choice for each patient according to the given data, regardless of the hospital’s limitation. If the suggested modality of choice was not CT, the CT request would be considered as “inappropriate”. They additionally scored the CT appropriateness, firstly using individual judgement, and secondly using the ACR Appropriateness Criteria. Both scoring methods used the same rating scale from 1 to 9; score 1-3 was considered “inappropriate”.
Results: From the viewpoint of the physicians and radiologists, the number of inappropriate CT request was 20% and 54% according to “the modality of choice”, 2.5% and 17% according to “individual judgement”, 12% and 22% according to the “ACR Appropriateness Criteria”. The main difference was not from no indication for imaging but from the selected modality of imaging. The radiologists suggested 52% of head CTs and 64% of abdominal CTs could have been replaced by MRI if available.
Conclusion: There are ten-percent disagreement on appropriateness of pediatric CT request between physicians and the radiologists when using the same guidelines and considering the hospital limitation.
Abdominal CT radiation dose optimization at Siriraj Hospital
Authors: Apisarnthanarak Piyaporn , Buranont Chosita , Boonma Chulaluck , Janpanich Sureerat , Suwatananonthakij Tarntip , Klinhom Atchariya , Muangsomboon Kobkun , Teerasamit Wanwarang , Suvannnarerg Voraparee , Saiviroonporn Pairash 
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE: To compare radiation dose and image quality between standard dose abdominal CT currently performed at our hospital and new low dose abdominal CT using various percentages (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) of Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction (ASiR).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively performed low dose abdominal CT (30% reduction of standard tube current) in 119 participants. The low dose CT images were post processed with four parameters (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%) of ASiR. The volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) of standard and low dose CT were compared. Four experienced abdominal radiologists independently assessed the quality of low dose CT with aforementioned ASiR parameters using a 5-point-scale satisfaction score (1 = unacceptable, 2 = poor, 3 = average, 4 = good, and 5 = excellent image quality) by using prior standard dose CT as a reference of excellent image quality (5). Each reader selected the preference ASiR parameter for each participant. The image noise of the liver and the aorta in all 5 (1 prior standard dose and 4 current low dose) image sets was measured.
RESULTS: The mean CTDIvol of low dose CT was significantly lower than of standard dose CT (7.17 ± 0.08 vs 12.02 ±1.61 mGy, p<0.001). The mean satisfaction scores for low dose CT with 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% ASiR were 3.95, 3.99, 3.91 and 3.87, respectively with the ranges of 3 to 5 in all techniques. The preferred ASiR parameters of each participant randomly selected by each reader were varied, depending on the readers’ opinions. The mean image noise of the aorta on standard dose CT and low dose CT with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% ASiR was 29.07, 36.97, 33.92, 31.49, and 29.11, respectively, while the mean image noise of the liver was 24.60, 30.21, 28.33, 26.25, and 24.32, respectively.
CONCLUSION: Low dose CT with 30% reduction of standard mA had acceptable image quality with significantly reduced radiation dose. The increment of ASiR was helpful in reducing image noise.
Feasibility of virtual mock trials as a parallel teaching-assessment activity for student pharmacists at two American pharmacy programmes during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond
Authors: Hsu Shih-Ying H. , Rosenberg Ettie , Truong Hoai-An , Lang Lynn , Taheri Reza 
Published: August 2021

Background: Student-pharmacists forced into remote-learning by the COVID-19 pandemic participated in a Virtual Mock Trial (VMT). Objectives: Feasibility of VMTs was assessed by evaluating student VMT performance, student perceptions on technology and overall experiences.
Methods: The VMT was implemented via video conferencing technology in April 2020. Faculty-judges and student-jurors observed/rated student performance using pre-established rubrics. A post-VMT survey was administered electronically. Descriptive analyses were performed, and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests were conducted to compare programmes.
Results: Forty-six students from Programme A (East Coast, USA) and 89 from Programme B (West Coast, USA) participated in the VMTs. The faculty-judges’ evaluation scores for student performance ranged from 85.0% to 96.7%, while the student-jurors’ evaluation scores ranged from 68.3% to 100%. Student perceptions on the four categories regarding technology use all had means > 5 on a 7-Point Likert Scale. More than 79.0% of students rated their VMT experience positively (i.e. 6 or 7).
Conclusions: VMT is feasible for the current pandemic remote-learning environment, and it could be replicated in other pharmacy or healthcare programmes to enrich students' active learning in virtual education.
Las Tic en las nuevas tendencias educativas
Authors: Ávila Sánchez Edgar Anacleto 
Published: August 2021

En la actualidad, los recursos informáticos son considerados en la labor académica, logrando la optimización de la enseñanza aprendizaje, lo que hace evidente que las TICs alcancen un protagonismo en nuestro medio.
En esta investigación se conoce que el uso de las TIC facilita este proceso que se empieza a desarrollar desde los medios educativos privados y las escuelas públicas que garantizan la preparación de las futuras generaciones integrándose la nueva cultura: alfabetización digital, material didáctico, fuente de información, hardware de apoyo, etc.
Si bien existen diferentes tipos de aprendizaje virtual, es posible la implementación y combinar el desarrollo de múltiples roles por parte del docente y los estudiantes donde se consideren diferentes estrategias según la aplicación específica.
En este contexto, el rol que juega el docente es fundamental para analizar los escenarios en los que se desarrollarán las labores educativas integradas con las TIC, con el objetivo de que la sociedad de la información se refleje en la sociedad del conocimiento y del aprendizaje.
Por lo tanto, hay que tener en cuenta que en la gestión institucional se parte de la premisa de que, antes de llevar las TICs al aula, se requiere aplicarlos en el currículo y gestionar los procesos administrativos para darles el uso pedagógico requerido. En este sentido, los recursos informáticos están transformando la manera de enseñar y aprender.
Finalmente, se tiene como objetivo identificar los aspectos facilitadores de nuevos aprendizajes al aplicar tecnologías de la comunicación y la información.
Colour Planning in Town, a non profit colour project
Authors: Mally Edda 
Published: August 2021

Colour is much more than decoration. This medium definitely influences human beings –consciously and unconsciously.
The IACC Chapter Europe, was invited in 2017 to create a new colour pallet for a City in Sothern Italy, maintaining the character and identity of the town.
Eleven buildings of the centre were selected to be worked on. The collected 53 old colour samples were the base for the very careful analysis and the strong reduction to 21 nuances of the new pallet.
Finally various colour collages were produced to show the community and the public of the city the change of impression - using just colour.
Colour is definitely an absolute necessity for a balanced environment, indoors as well as outdoors.
A medical statement says that more than 75% of all illnesses derive from stress: In this connection the stress diminishing property of colour is THE MOST EFFECTIVE one to take care of.

El color es mucho más que decoración. Este medio influye definitivamente en los seres humanos -consciente e inconscientemente.
El capítulo europeo de la IACC, fue invitado en 2017 a crear una nueva paleta de colores para una ciudad del sur de Italia, manteniendo el carácter y la identidad de la ciudad.
Se seleccionaron once edificios del centro para trabajar en ellos. Las 53 muestras de color antiguas recogidas fueron la base para el análisis muy cuidadoso y la fuerte reducción a 21 matices de la nueva paleta.
Por último, se elaboraron varios collages de colores para mostrar a la comunidad y al público de la ciudad el cambio de impresión, utilizando sólo el color.
El color es definitivamente una necesidad absoluta para un entorno equilibrado, tanto en el interior como en el exterior.
Una declaración médica dice que más del 75% de las enfermedades se derivan del estrés: En este sentido, la propiedad del color de reducir el estrés es la más eficaz.