bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of 3‐CpG methylation prognostic signature based on different survival indicators for colorectal cancer
Authors: Huang Hao , Zhang Lei , Fu Jinming , Tian Tian , Liu Xinyan , Liu Yupeng , Sun Hongru , Li Dapeng , Zhu Lin , Xu Jing , Zheng Ting , Jia Chenyang , Zhao Yashuang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAbnormal DNA methylation is considered a vital hallmark to regulate gene expression and influence the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Although CRC‐related methylation prognostic models have been developed, their clinical application is limited due to the lack of external validation and extension to other survival evaluation indicators. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate novel methylation prognostic models correlated with different survival indicators for individualized prognosis prediction for CRC patients. The prognostic‐related CpG sites of methylation‐driven genes screened by the MethylMix algorithm were identified and validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) CRC methylation data and our methylation data. The prognostic models correlated with different survival evaluation indicators (overall survival [OS] and disease‐free survival [DFS]) were developed and validated in the TCGA CRC dataset (N = 376) and our independent CRC dataset (N = 227). We utilized the combination of selected 3‐CpG methylation sites in three genes (DAPP1, FAM3D, and PIGR) to construct a prognostic risk‐score model. In the training dataset, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated that high‐risk patients had significantly poorer survival than low‐risk patients (pOS = .0014; pDFS < .001). Then, the 3‐CpG methylation signature was successfully validated as an independent predictor in the testing data set (pOS = .016; pDFS = .016). A prognostic nomogram was constructed and validated. Additionally, mediation analysis revealed the direct effect of the methylation signature on CRC prognosis (pOS = 9.149e−06; pDFS = .001). In summary, our study revealed that the 3‐CpG methylation signature might be a potential prognostic indicator to facilitate individualized survival prediction for CRC patients.
The Neurophysiology of Sleep in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Zahed Hengameh , Zuzuarregui Jose Rafael Pantoja , Gilron Ro'ee , Denison Timothy , Starr Philip A. , Little Simon 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTSleep disturbances are among the most common nonmotor complications of Parkinson's disease (PD), can present in prodromal stages, and progress with advancing disease. In addition to being a symptom of neurodegeneration, sleep disturbances may also contribute to disease progression. Currently, limited options exist to modulate sleep disturbances in PD. Studying the neurophysiological changes that affect sleep in PD at the cortical and subcortical level may yield new insights into mechanisms for reversal of sleep disruption. In this article, we review cortical and subcortical recording studies of sleep in PD with a particular focus on dissecting reported electrophysiological changes. These studies show that slow‐wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep are both notably disrupted in PD. We further explore the impact of these electrophysiological changes and discuss the potential for targeting sleep via stimulation therapy to modify PD‐related motor and nonmotor symptoms. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Long‐term evolution of the chemical and structural stability of graphene oxide after storage as solid and as aqueous dispersion
Authors: Méndez‐Romero Ulises Antonio , Velasco‐Soto Miguel Angel , Licea‐Jiménez Liliana , González‐Hernández Jesús , Pérez‐García Sergio Alfonso 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNanomaterials are intended for industrial applications, for that purpose scalability needs to be addressed, therefore an important issue comes to the picture: storage. Graphene oxide (GO) is of great interest for practical applications in optoelectronics, chemical sensors, supercapacitor electrodes, among others. GO properties are related to its O/C ratio and its precise control allows fine tuning of properties such as conductivity, chemical reactivity and band gap. Nevertheless, GO has a critical storage restriction, due to its chemical self‐reduction, that is, the oxygen loss not only alters its properties, but also promotes aggregation through time. In this work, the impact of storage conditions on GO properties was studied by comparing two systems: a solid sample and a liquid dispersion, which were analyzed during the course of 3 years. For this purpose, stability, O/C ratio and optical band‐gap of the stored samples were analyzed through time by means of zeta potential, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV‐Vis. Results show the difference in stability between the samples due to oxygen loss in the GO structure, confirmed by XPS. Moreover, optical band‐gap shows that the solid sample decreases its value around 64% compared to the liquid dispersion.
Policy improvisation: How frontline workers cope with public service gaps in developing countries—The case of Mexico's Prospera program
Authors: Campos Sergio A. , Peeters Rik 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHow do frontline workers behave when they are, from one day to the other, left without clients because the policy that organized their street‐level interactions has been terminated? This is what happened in early 2019 to the staff of medical centers across Mexico after the sudden transformation of the long‐standing social program Prospera. Interviews with frontline workers show that they respond to this “policy void” by developing strategies of informal talks, community outreach, and the investment of personal resources to recover their clients. The findings presented here are relevant for understanding how frontline workers cope with public service gaps in developing countries. The notion of “policy improvisation” as a coping mechanism—frontline workers developing informal policy activities when being left without proper implementation instructions and capacity—is used here to signal the broader phenomenon of human resource neglect and implementation gaps in Latin American public administration.
Silencing GhFAR3.1 reduces wax accumulation in cotton leaves and leads to increased susceptibility to drought stress
Authors: Lu Yajie , Cheng Xinqi , Jia Mengjiao , Zhang Xinyu , Xue Fei , Li Yanjun , Sun Jie , Liu Feng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFatty acyl‐CoA reductases (FAR) are involved in plant wax synthesis and play important roles in plant growth and development. However, little information is available for cotton FAR genes. In this study, we carried out a genome‐wide identification of FAR genes in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and found 10 GhFARs that form five pairs of homoeologs (GhFAR2A to GhFAR3.4D) distributed on six chromosomes. The 10 GhFARs were separated into two subfamilies. Most GhFARs showed tissue‐specific expression patterns, and at least one GhFAR of each pair of homoeologs was relatively highly expressed in at least one of the tissues investigated. GhFAR3.1 was highly expressed in leaves. The function of GhFAR3.1 in wax accumulation and drought tolerance was analyzed using virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS). Silencing GhFAR3.1 reduced the total wax content and relative water content of leaves by over 60% and 13%, respectively, suggesting a role of GhFAR3.1 in wax synthesis and protection against water loss. Compared to the well‐watered conditions, drought stress induced significant accumulation of wax in leaves of wild‐type plants but not in leaves of GhFAR3.1 silenced plants, leading to less water holding capacity in GhFAR3.1 silenced plants and plant wilting. Silencing GhFAR3.1 had no effect on the expression levels of the wax biosynthesis pathway genes KAS, KCS, and LACS (upstream GhFAR3.1), but reduced the transcript level of its downstream gene WSD. Together, these results suggest that leaf wax content is important for water retention and drought tolerance and that GhFAR3.1 is essential for wax synthesis in cotton leaves. These results also provide the basis for further study on the molecular regulation mechanism of GhFARs in cotton development and surface lipid synthesis.
Ploidy influences wheat mesophyll cell geometry, packing and leaf function
Authors: Wilson Matthew J. , Fradera‐Soler Marc , Summers Richard , Sturrock Craig J. , Fleming Andrew J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLeaf function is influenced by leaf structure, which is itself related not only to the spatial arrangement of constituent mesophyll cells, but also their size and shape. In this study, we used confocal microscopy to image leaves ofTriticumgenotypes varying in ploidy level to extract 3D information on individual mesophyll cell size and geometry. Combined with X‐ray Computed Tomography and gas exchange analysis, the effect of changes in wheat mesophyll cell geometry upon leaf structure and function were investigated. Mesophyll cell size and shape were found to have changed during the course of wheat evolution. An unexpected linear relationship between mesophyll cell surface area and volume was discovered, suggesting anisotropic scaling of mesophyll cell geometry with increasing ploidy. Altered mesophyll cell size and shape were demonstrated to be associated with changes in mesophyll tissue architecture. Under experimental growth conditions, CO2assimilation did not vary with ploidy, but stomatal conductance was lower in hexaploid plants, conferring a greater instantaneous water‐use efficiency. We propose that as wheat mesophyll cells have become larger with increased ploidy, this has been accompanied by changes in cell geometry and packing which limit water loss while maintaining carbon assimilation.
Risk factors for steroid‐induced adverse psychological reactions and sleep problems in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A systematic review
Authors: van Hulst Annelienke M. , Peersmann Shosha H. M. , van den Akker Erica L. T. , Schoonmade Linda J. , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. , Grootenhuis Martha A. , van Litsenburg Raphaële R. L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveSteroids play an essential role in treating pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The downside is that these drugs can cause severe side effects, such as adverse psychological reactions (APRs) and sleep problems, which can compromise health‐related quality of life. This study aimed to systematically review literature to identify risk factors for steroid‐induced APRs and sleep problems in children with ALL.MethodsA systematic search was performed in six databases. Titles/abstracts were independently screened by two researchers. Data from each included study was extracted based on predefined items. Risk of bias and level of evidence were assessed, using the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation tool, respectively.ResultsTwenty‐four articles were included. APR measurement ranged from validated questionnaires to retrospective record retrieval, sleep measurement included questionnaires or actigraphy. Overall, quality of evidence was very low. Current evidence suggests that type/dose of steroid is not related to APRs, but might be to sleep problems. Younger patients seem at risk for behavior problems and older patients for sleep problems. No studies describing parental stress or medical history were identified. Genetic susceptibility associations remain to be replicated.ConclusionsBased on the current evidence, conclusions about risk factors for steroid‐induced adverse psychological reactions or sleep problems in children with ALL should be drawn cautiously, since quality of evidence is low and methods of measurement are largely heterogeneous. A standardized registration of steroid‐induced APRs/sleep problems and risk factors is warranted for further studies in children with ALL.
Criticality of a conserved tyrosine residue in the SpeG protein from Escherichia coli
Authors: Le Van Thi Bich , Dang Joseph , Lim Ee Qi , Kuhn Misty L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe SpeG spermidine/spermine N‐acetyltransferase (SSAT) from Escherichia coli belongs to the Gcn5‐related N‐acetyltransferase (GNAT) superfamily of proteins. In vitro characterization of this enzyme shows it acetylates the polyamines spermine and spermidine, with a preference toward spermine. This enzyme has a conserved tyrosine residue (Y135) that is found in all SSAT proteins and many GNAT functional subfamilies. It is located near acetyl coenzyme A in the active center of these proteins and has been suggested to act as a general acid in a general acid/base chemical mechanism. In contrast, a previous study showed this residue was not critical for E. coli SpeG enzymatic activity when mutated to phenylalanine. This result was quite different from previous studies with a comparable residue in the human and mouse SSAT proteins, which also acetylate spermine and spermidine. Therefore, we constructed several mutants of the E. coli SpeG Y135 residue and tested their enzymatic activity. We found this conserved residue was indeed critical for E. coli SpeG enzyme activity and may behave similarly in other SSAT proteins.
Robot‐assisted versus open radical cystectomy: A cohort study on perioperative outcomes accounting for stage selection bias and surgical experience
Authors: Zeuschner Philip , Linxweiler Johannes , Mohr Rebecca , van Heemskerk Sara , Wagenpfeil Gudrun , Wagenpfeil Stefan , Ohlmann Carsten , Siemer Stefan , Stöckle Michael , Saar Matthias 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundMost comparisons of robot‐assisted (RARC) versus open radical cystectomy (ORC) for urothelial carcinoma do not factor the inherent stage selection bias or surgical experience.MethodsWe compared the perioperative outcomes of 229 RARC and 335 ORC at a single tertiary referral centre with propensity score matching and multiple regression models, when controlling for tumour and patient characteristics, surgeon's experience and type of urinary diversion.ResultsRARC had less major complications (19.8% vs. 34.1%) and ICU admissions (6.6% vs. 19.8%), with lower blood loss (400 vs. 500 ml) and transfusion rates. The operating time was longer (336 vs. 286 min), but decreased with surgeon's experience. RARC had less positive surgical margins (3% vs. 8.4%) and a higher lymph node count (14 vs. 11).ConclusionsIn this large single centre series comparing RARC with ORC controlling for stage selection bias and surgical experience, RARC proved significantly better outcomes, especially with intracorporeal urinary diversion.
Interplay between Electronic Energy Transfer and Reversible Photoreactions in a Triad Comprising Two Different Styrylbenzoquinoline Photochromes and a ′Hidden′ Quencher
Authors: Budyka Mikhail F. , Gavrishova Tatiana N. , Li Vitalii M. , Potashova Natalia I. , Ushakov Evgeny N. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA trichromophoric triad comprising two different 3‐styrylbenzo[f]quinoline photochromes (SBQ1 and SBQ2) and a residue of 3‐oxy‐2‐naphthoic acid (NA) was synthesized and studied by steady‐state and time‐resolved spectroscopy and by DFT calculations. The SBQ photochromes are linked to the NA framework by methylene spacers of different lengths to provide a longitudinal displacement between the photochromes. Under light irradiation, the triad undergoes two competitive reactions, intra‐photochrome photoisomerization and inter‐photochrome [2+2]‐cross‐photocycloaddition giving rise to a cyclobutane derivative (CB) bearing two benzo[f]quinoline (BQ) substituents. The photochemical properties of both the triad and CB are affected significantly by intramolecular energy transfer (ET). In the triad, the SBQ1 subunit is quenched via ET to the SBQ2 subunit. Due to unique ratio between the local excited states of NA, SBQs, and BQ, the NA subunit serves as a ′hidden quencher′; it has little influence on the properties of the triad, but after the formation of CB it turns on and quenches both the BQ fluorescence and the cyclobutane ring‐opening reaction because of fast ET from BQ to NA.
Biointerfaced sensors for biodiagnostics
Authors: Zohar Orr , Khatib Muhammad , Omar Rawan , Vishinkin Rotem , Broza Yoav Y. , Haick Hossam 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBiointerfaced sensors have emerged as a new paradigm for medical applications that require an interface and/or intimate contact with biological components/systems such as cells, tissues, and whole organs. This article provides a review of the concept, design, and device characteristics of biointerfaced sensors needed for successful implementation of biodiagnostics and monitoring. It begins by presenting and discussing the different considerations that arise from artificial interfaces with different biological environments. It then explores the main strategies for sensor and material design, while highlighting the required chemistry, structure, and mechanical properties needed to maintain an unperturbed interface with the surrounding biological environment. Finally, the review discusses successful state‐of‐the‐art demonstrations of body monitoring and biodiagnostics, focusing on the brain, heart, muscles, skin, teeth, and other tissues for medical purposes. Insights, perspectives, and recommendations for future research are presented.
The effects of the ratio of pellets of wheat and barley grains to ground corn grain in the diet on sorting and chewing activities of heat stressed dairy cows
Authors: Nasrollahi Sayyed Mahmoud , Zali Abolfasl , Ghorbani Gholam Reza , Khani Mehdi , Maktabi Hossin , Kahyani Ali , Guyot Hugues 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundNormal feeding behaviours is one of the criteria of the health condition of dairy cows particularly in the condition of heat stress.ObjectiveThe study evaluated the effects of the ratio of pellets of wheat and barley grains to ground corn grain on sorting activity and chewing behaviour of lactating dairy cows managed under ambient conditions including natural heat stress events.Materials and MethodsNine multiparous cows (650 ± 56 kg Body Weight; mean ± SD) averaging 102 ± 13 days in milk and producing 54 ± 6 kg/d were randomly assigned to a triplicate 3 × 3 Latin square. During each 21‐d period, cows received one of three total mixed rations as dietary treatments. The dietary treatments were three ratio of pellets (containing 50% ground wheat and 50% ground barley): ground corn on a dry matter (DM) basis: 1) 33.3:66.6 (low); 2) 66.6:33.3 (medium); and 3) 100:0 (high). During the experiment, the ambient temperature‐humidity index was equal or more than 72, indicating that the cows were predisposed to heat stress condition.ResultsIncreasing the proportion of wheat‐barley pellets in the diet had a minimal effect on sorting index of different particles during the first 6 h of the day. However, later in the day (6‐18h), sorting against long particles (particles >19 mm) and in favour of fine particles (particles <1.18 mm) linearly increased with increasing the proportion of pellet; as a result overall daily sorting against long particles was increased with increasing the proportion of pellets. Although the average of daily eating and rumination was not affected by the treatments in the day times with high ambient THI, time spent for eating and rumination was low and eating time had more fluctuation for diet contained a high level of pellets.ConclusionIncreasing the proportion of pellets of barley and wheat grains in the diet under conditions of heat stress caused more fluctuation in daily eating behaviour and cows were predisposed to sort against long particles.
A Solvate‐Isolated Linear Trimer CuNd2(CCl3COO)8 ⋅ 6MeCN: Structure, Synthesis and Magnetic Behavior
Authors: Pushikhina Olga S. , Kozlyakova Ekaterina S. , Karpova Elena V. , Tafeenko Victor A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA heterometallic copper‐neodymium complex CuNd2(CCl3COO)8 ⋅ 6MeCN (1) was synthesized from an aqueous‐organic salt system and structurally characterized by single crystal X‐Ray diffraction analysis. Thermal stability of 1 was studied. The crystal of 1 is tetragonal, with the space group I4, a=11.5904(3), c=23.9195(8) Å, V=3213.3(2) Å3, Z=8. Two crystallographically unsymmetrical Nd atoms and one Cu atom are bridged by trichloroacetic ligands into one‐dimensional molecular chains. According to our experimental data on magnetic properties of 1, the compound could be classified as paramagnet at observed temperature range 2–300 K.In addition, the structure of the obtained Nd (III) trichloroacetate Nd(CCl3COO)3(H2O)2 ⋅ 2H2O (2) was determined. The structural data of 1 and 2 were compared to the one for known rare‐earth trichloroacetates.
Geschichte der deutschsprachigen HNO-Zeitschriften
Authors: Stasche Norbert , Bärmann Michael 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungIm Jahr 1864 wurde die weltweit älteste Zeitschrift im Gebiet der späteren Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, das deutschsprachige Archiv für Ohrenheilkunde von den Herausgebern Anton von Tröltsch (Würzburg), Adam Politzer (Wien) und Hermann Schwartze (Halle/S.) gegründet. Zuvor waren in medizinischen Universalzeitschriften auch schon HNO-Themen veröffentlicht worden. Es folgte in den nächsten Jahrzehnten die Gründungsphase zahlreicher Zeitschriften im Gebiet der späteren Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, deren wechselvolle Geschichte bis in die Gegenwart dargestellt wird. Besonderes Augenmerk wird dabei auf den historischen und persönlichen Kontext der Herausgeber neu gegründeter Zeitschriften sowie deren Verlage und Verleger gelegt. Die durch Zukäufe und Fusionen von Verlagen sich verändernde Zeitschriftenlandschaft wird ausführlich beschrieben. Den größten Einfluss auf die Zeitschriftentitel und deren Inhalte hatte dabei die in Deutschland bis in die 1920er-Jahre dauernde Vereinigung des Fachs aus der Otologie und der Laryngorhinologie. Es wird der Versuch unternommen, die wichtigsten Titel in ihrem historischen Verlauf darzustellen. Erwähnt werden alle wichtigen Herausgeber der deutschsprachigen HNO-Zeitschriften, wobei es nicht möglich war, die immer zahlreicher werdenden Namen der Herausgeber der aktuellen Zeitschriften aufzunehmen. Ein Kapitel beschäftigt sich ausschließlich mit der Entwicklung der Zeitschriftenverlage. Die eingefügten Tabellen und Abbildungen sollen helfen, die Verwirrung durch immer wieder ähnlich lautende Namensgebungen der Zeitschriften durch Darstellung des historischen Verlaufs der Journale aufzulösen.
Studying the sense of agency in the absence of motor movement: an investigation into temporal binding of tactile sensations and auditory effects
Authors: Antusch S. , Custers R. , Marien H. , Aarts H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPeople form coherent representations of goal-directed actions. Such agency experiences of intentional action are reflected by a shift in temporal perception: self-generated motor movements and subsequent sensory effects are perceived to occur closer together in time—a phenomenon termed intentional binding. Building on recent research suggesting that temporal binding occurs without intentionally performing actions, we further examined whether such perceptual compression occurs when motor action is fully absent. In three experiments, we used a novel sensory-based adaptation of the Libet clock paradigm to assess how a brief tactile sensation on the index finger and a resulting auditory stimulus perceptually bind together in time. Findings revealed robust temporal repulsion (instead of binding) between tactile sensation and auditory effect. Temporal repulsion was attenuated when participants could anticipate the identity and temporal onset (two crucial components of intentional action) of the tactile sensation. These findings are briefly discussed in the context of differences between intentional movement and anticipated bodily sensations in shaping action coherence and agentic experiences.