bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A direct comparison of attentional orienting to spatial and temporal positions in visual working memory
Authors: Heuer Anna , Rolfs Martin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDifferent visual attributes effectively guide attention to specific items in visual working memory (VWM), ensuring that particularly important memory contents are readily available. Predictable temporal structures contribute to this efficient use of VWM: items are prospectively prioritized when they are expected to be needed. Occasionally, however, visual events only gain relevance through their timing after they have passed. We investigated retrospective attentional orienting based on temporal position by directly comparing it with orienting to spatial locations, which is typically considered the most powerful selection mechanism. In a colour-change-detection task, in which items appeared sequentially at different locations, symbolic number cues validly indicated the temporal or spatial location of the upcoming probe item either before encoding (precues; Experiment 1) or during maintenance (retrocues; Experiments 1–3). Temporal and spatial cues were physically identical and only differed in their mapping onto either temporal or spatial positions. Predictive cues yielded cueing benefits (i.e., higher accuracy and shorter reaction times) as compared with neutral cues, with larger benefits for precues than for retrocues. Importantly, spatial and temporal cueing benefits did not differ. Equivalent retrocueing benefits were also observed across different cue-probe intervals and irrespective of whether spatial or temporal position was used as retrieval cue, indicating that items were directly bound to temporal position and not prioritized via a space-based mechanism. These findings show that spatial and temporal properties can be used equally well to flexibly prioritise representations held in VWM and they highlight the functional similarities of space and time in VWM.
Herbig Ae/Be Stars toward the Dark Cloud LDN 1667*
Authors: Pereira C. B. , Miranda L. F. , Marcolino W. L. F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We report the discovery of a new emission-line object, named SPH 4-South = (GAIA EDR3 5616553300192230272), toward the dark cloud LDN 1667. This object came to our attention after inspecting public images that show a faint diffuse nebula a few arcseconds south of SPH 4, an emission-line object previously classified as a T Tauri star. We present high-resolution spectra and analyzed JHK photometry of SPH 4 and SPH 4-South and new narrowband and archival broadband images of these objects. A comparison of the spectra of SPH 4 and SPH 4-South with high-resolution ones of DG Cir and R Mon strongly suggests that SPH 4 and SPH 4-South are Herbig Ae/Be stars. The classification of SPH 4-South is further supported by using a k-NN algorithm to its position in an H−K versus J−H color–color diagram. Both stars are detected in the four WISE bands and the WISE colors allow us to classify SPH 4 as a Class I and SPH 4-South as a Class II source. We also show that the faint nebula is most probably associated with SPH 4-South. Using published results on LDN 1667 and the Gaia Early Data Release 3, we conclude that SPH 4 is a member of LDN 1667. The case of SPH 4-South is not clear because the determination of its distance and proper motion could be affected by the nebulosity around the star, although membership of SPH 4-South to LDN 1667 cannot be ruled out.
No Rotational Variability in C/2014 UN271 (Bernardinelli-Bernstein) at 23.8 au and 21.1 au as Seen by TESS
Authors: Ridden-Harper Ryan , Bannister Michele T. , Kokotanekova Rosita 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The recent discovery of a hundred-kilometer-scale comet, C/2014 UN271 (Bernardinelli-Bernstein), has provoked interest in the activity displayed by such a large body inbound from the Oort cloud. We examine the serendipitous observation of UN271 in long-cadence imaging by the TESS satellite in 2018 and 2020, while Bernardinelli-Bernstein was at 23.8 and 21.3 au, for any notable periodicity. Bernardinelli-Bernstein does not display detectable rotational variability above the noise level in these data.
Algorithmic Speedups and Posterior Biases from Orbit Fitting of Directly Imaged Exoplanets in Cartesian Coordinates
Authors: Ferrer-Chávez Rodrigo , Blunt Sarah , Wang Jason J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A planet’s orbit encodes information about its formation and history. However, exoplanets detected via direct-imaging are often only observed over a small fraction of their periods. Several problems arise from such unconstraining data, like slow convergence of standard orbit-fitting algorithms and significant biases in the estimation of orbital parameters. One possible way of overcoming some of these problems is performing orbit-fits in orbital bases distinct from the usual Keplerian elements. We explore this approach by fitting orbits in Cartesian coordinates, that is, estimating the position and velocity vectors for a planet at a given epoch. We saw a significant improvement in the MCMC convergence time compared to the Keplerian elements, and different posterior shapes were observed with different priors. In particular, setting Gaussian priors in the line-of-sight components (z and

z

˙

) produced posteriors more similar to the ones obtained via the Keplerian basis compared to uniform priors on them.
Absence of Rapid Line Variations in Consecutive FEROS and NARVAL Spectra of Maia
Authors: Monier Richard 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The comparison of four consecutive high signal-to-noise FEROS spectra of Maia, the fourth brightest member of the Pleiades open cluster, taken over 10 minutes, reveals no real line variations. The analysis of four consecutive I NARVAL profiles of Maia taken over 18 minutes does not show variations either. In particular, the five lines of He i at 4471.48 Å are constant over this timescale in both sets of data. The He i line at 3926.54 Å is very broad and diffuse compared to other photospheric lines of Maia.
Six Outbursts of Comet 46P/Wirtanen
Authors: Kelley Michael S. P. , Farnham Tony L. , Li 李 Jian-Yang 荐扬 , Bodewits Dennis , Snodgrass Colin , Allen Johannes ,   —, Bellm Eric C. , Coughlin Michael W. , Drake Andrew J. , Duev Dmitry A. , Graham Matthew J. , Kupfer Thomas , Masci Frank J. , Reiley Dan , Walters Richard ,   Zwicky Transient Facility Collaboration, Dominik M. , Jørgensen U. G. , Andrews A. E. , Bach-Møller N. , Bozza V. , Burgdorf M. J. , Campbell-White J. , Dib S. , Fujii Y. I. , Hinse T. C. , Hundertmark M. , Khalouei E. , Longa-Peña P. , Rabus M. , Rahvar S. , Sajadian S. , Skottfelt J. , Southworth J. , Tregloan-Reed J. , Unda-Sanzana E. ,   MiNDSTEp Collaboration
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Cometary activity is a manifestation of sublimation-driven processes at the surface of nuclei. However, cometary outbursts may arise from other processes that are not necessarily driven by volatiles. In order to fully understand nuclear surfaces and their evolution, we must identify the causes of cometary outbursts. In that context, we present a study of mini-outbursts of comet 46P/Wirtanen. Six events are found in our long-term lightcurve of the comet around its perihelion passage in 2018. The apparent strengths range from −0.2 to −1.6 mag in a 5″ radius aperture and correspond to dust masses between ∼104 and 106 kg, but with large uncertainties due to the unknown grain size distributions. However, the nominal mass estimates are on the same order of magnitude as the mini-outbursts at comet 9P/Tempel 1 and 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, events that were notably lacking at comet 103P/Hartley 2. We compare the frequency of outbursts at the four comets, and suggest that the surface of 46P has large-scale (∼10–100 m) roughness that is intermediate to that of 67P and 103P, if not similar to the latter. The strength of the outbursts appear to be correlated with time since the last event, but a physical interpretation with respect to solar insolation is lacking. We also examine Hubble Space Telescope images taken about two days following a near-perihelion outburst. No evidence for macroscopic ejecta was found in the image, with a limiting radius of about 2 m.
Comparative Analysis of Safety and Feasibility of Suture Versus Sutureless Pediatric Cataract Surgery
Authors: Sen Pradhnya , Shah Chintan , Mohan Amit , Sen Alok , Jain Elesh 
Published: July 2021

Purpose:
To compare the safety, feasibility, and outcomes of clear corneal cataract surgery with or without sutures in children (2 to 8 years old) with congenital or developmental cataracts.

Methods:
One hundred seventy consecutive eligible eyes with pediatric cataracts were randomized into treatment groups depending on closure of clear corneal incisions: suture group and sutureless hydroclosure group (sutureless group). Patients were evaluated on days 1, 7, 30, and 90 postoperatively, with an emphasis on wound leakage from incisions and complications.

Results:

Wound leakage from any corneal incisions was not observed in both groups. Shallow anterior chamber on the first postoperative day was observed in 2 and 3 eyes in the suture and sutureless groups, respectively (
P
= .48). Hypotony was not observed in any patients. Intraocular pressure measurements were comparable on follow-up visits (
P
> .05). Mean cylindrical error was significantly greater (
P
= .03) in the suture group than the sutureless group (1.01 and 0.74 diopters, respectively) after 1 month. One patient developed endophthalmitis after suture removal in the suture group.

Conclusions:
Sutureless hydroclosure of incisions is not inferior compared to suturing in pediatric cataracts. This avoids suture-related complications while reducing the astigmatic error and is thus potentially less amblyogenic. However, sutures must be used whenever the incision architecture is compromised.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2021;58(4):246–253.]
The Progress of Science and Technology as an Element in the Evolution of Education
Authors: Miąso Józef 
Published: July 2021

Au cours de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle, qui connut une transformation radicale des contenus et du statut social des sciences et techniques, les liens entre l’évolution scientifique d’une part et l’économie et la politique de l’autre, se sont resserrés. La science a changé aussi bien les conditions matérielles de l’homme que son regard sur le monde. La généralisation de ce regard scientifique a favorisé les réformes éducatives, aussi bien dans le sens d’une démocratisation (l’école obligatoire et gratuite) qu’en ce qui concerne le contenu de l’enseignement. Ceci amena, à son tour, un intérêt accru pour la science dans toutes les couches de la société et à tous les âges, témoin, par exemple, le bond en avant de l’éducation des adultes et de l’autodidaxie.
L’omniprésence des produits de la science et des techniques dans la vie quotidienne et surtout sur le lieu de travail de l’ouvrier, contribua puissamment à augmenter le prestige de la science jusque dans les couches populaires, créant ainsi une demande d’éducation venant de la base, à laquelle les politiques éducatives des gouvernements ont essayé de répondre. Toutefois, cette demande ne se voulut pas purement instrumentale : la science, reconnue comme une valeur autonome, aidait à créer le sentiment que l’éducation était un dû, un enrichissement personnel qui ne saurait se réduire à sa signification sociale et aux limites que celle-ci pourrait imposer à son extension.
Inflammatory Cell Death, PANoptosis, Mediated by Cytokines in Diverse Cancer Lineages Inhibits Tumor Growth
Authors: Malireddi R K Subbarao , Karki Rajendra , Sundaram Balamurugan , Kancharana Balabhaskararao , Lee SangJoon , Samir Parimal , Kanneganti Thirumala-Devi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Resistance to cell death is a hallmark of cancer. Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint blockade therapy, drives immune-mediated cell death and has greatly improved treatment outcomes for some patients with cancer, but it often fails clinically. Its success relies on the cytokines and cytotoxic functions of effector immune cells to bypass the resistance to cell death and eliminate cancer cells. However, the specific cytokines capable of inducing cell death in tumors and the mechanisms that connect cytokines to cell death across cancer cell types remain unknown. In this study, we analyzed expression of several cytokines that are modulated in tumors and found correlations between cytokine expression and mortality. Of several cytokines tested for their ability to kill cancer cells, only TNF-α and IFN-γ together were able to induce cell death in 13 distinct human cancer cell lines derived from colon and lung cancer, melanoma, and leukemia. Further evaluation of the specific programmed cell death pathways activated by TNF-α and IFN-γ in these cancer lines identified PANoptosis, a form of inflammatory cell death that was previously shown to be activated by contemporaneous engagement of components from pyroptosis, apoptosis, and/or necroptosis. Specifically, TNF-α and IFN-γ triggered activation of gasdermin D, gasdermin E, caspase-8, caspase-3, caspase-7, and MLKL. Furthermore, the intratumoral administration of TNF-α and IFN-γ suppressed the growth of transplanted xenograft tumors in an NSG mouse model. Overall, this study shows that PANoptosis, induced by synergism of TNF-α and IFN-γ, is an important mechanism to kill cancer cells and suppress tumor growth that could be therapeutically targeted.
Lipoproteins from Staphylococcus aureus Drive Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in a TLR2/1- and PAD-Dependent Manner
Authors: Hook Jessica S , Patel Parth A , O’Malley Aidan , Xie Lihua , Kavanaugh Jeffrey S , Horswill Alexander R , Moreland Jessica G 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Neutrophils, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), play a critical role in the innate immune response to Staphylococcus aureus, a pathogen that continues to be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation is involved in ensnaring and killing of S. aureus, but this host–pathogen interaction also leads to host tissue damage. Importantly, NET components including neutrophil proteases are under consideration as therapeutic targets in a variety of disease processes. Although S. aureus lipoproteins are recognized to activate cells via TLRs, specific mechanisms of interaction with neutrophils are poorly delineated. We hypothesized that a lipoprotein-containing cell membrane preparation from methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA-CMP) would elicit PMN activation, including NET formation. We investigated MRSA-CMP–elicited NET formation, regulated elastase release, and IL-8 production in human neutrophils. We studied PMN from healthy donors with or without a common single-nucleotide polymorphism in TLR1, previously demonstrated to impact TLR2/1 signaling, and used cell membrane preparation from both wild-type methicillin-resistant S. aureus and a mutant lacking palmitoylated lipoproteins (lgt). MRSA-CMP elicited NET formation, elastase release, and IL-8 production in a lipoprotein-dependent manner. TLR2/1 signaling was involved in NET formation and IL-8 production, but not elastase release, suggesting that MRSA-CMP–elicited elastase release is not mediated by triacylated lipoproteins. MRSA-CMP also primed neutrophils for enhanced NET formation in response to a subsequent stimulus. MRSA-CMP–elicited NET formation did not require Nox2-derived reactive oxygen species and was partially dependent on the activity of peptidyl arginine deiminase (PAD). In conclusion, lipoproteins from S. aureus mediate NET formation via TLR2/1 with clear implications for patients with sepsis.
Карнавальная политическая культура: пикник на обочине средневековой истории
Authors: Karabushenko Paul L. 
Published: July 2021

Карнавальная политическая культура создала немало карикатурных средневековых химер, состоящих из нелепых политиков, невменяемых проповедников, неудачливых и ложных служителей культа, одиозных личностей, искусственных государств, маниакальных сект и т.д., и т.п., что может быть и имели яркую форму, но обладали при этом совершенно непонятным содержанием. Поведение многих должностных политических лиц того времени не соответствовало их официально установленным или фактически сложившимся в данном обществе нормам, стереотипам образцов поведения. Девиация и становилась главным признаком карнавальной политической культуры. Девиация порождала нелепости, слишком много, чтобы этого можно было не замечать. Нелепости возникали и на династийном уровне, и в разрывах культурных, этнических и конфессиональных ценностей, и в народных бунтах. То, что современный человек воспринимает как нелепость, на это человек средневековья мог вообще не обратить никакого внимания. И наоборот - его удивить могло то, что нам в принципе может быть вообще непонятным.
Религиозный фанатизм и мракобесие предопределяли готическое мировоззрение той эпохи, наполненное всевозможного рода небылицами, горгульями и химерами. И все это одновременно являлось и контекстом политического карнавала, и в то же время наполняло его, становясь теми незримыми нитями, за которые кукловоды дергали своих марионеток. Многое в карнавальной политической культуре было связано с распутством и развратом первых лиц государств, церквей (сект), и различного рода профессиональных корпораций. Анализу этих аномалий и посвящена настоящая работа.
Деятельность международных организаций по подготовке и обучению электоральных экспертов
Authors: Grishin Nikolai V. 
Published: July 2021

В статье рассматривается становление и современное состояние деятельности международных организаций в сфере повышения квалификации и обучения электоральных экспертов. В статье впервые раскрывается исследовательская проблема изучения вклада международного сообщества в подготовку кадров для публичного управления в сфере выборов.
Эмпирическими источниками исследования стали данные о работе таких международных акторов, как Учебный и научно-исследовательский институт ООН (UNITAR), ЕС, Организация американских государств, Совет Европы, Международный институт демократии и содействия выборам, Европейский центр поддержки выборов (ECES).
Раскрыты предпосылки и потребности в подготовке электоральных экспертов для нужд международных организаций. Уточнены представления о кадровых потребностях международных организаций в электоральных экспертах. Охарактеризованы особенности подходов к обучению электоральных экспертов в практике различных международных организаций. Рассмотрение важнейшие международные проекты, созданные для подготовки электоральных экспертов, такие, как “BRIDGE”, “NEEDS”, “ EODS”.
Результаты исследования подтверждают, что международное сообщество обладает приоритетом в обучении специалистов для публичного управления выборами, в том числе, для национального уровня управления.
Статья рассчитана для специалистов, занимающихся изучением вопросов электоральной политики, глобального управления, международных организаций.
SOSISALISASI KESEHATAN HEWAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT SECARA DARING
Authors: Indarjulianto Soedarmanto , Yanuartono Yanuartono , Raharjo Slamet , Nururrozi Alfarisa , Wuryastuty Hastari , Widiyono Irkham , Purnamaningsih Hary , Mulyani Guntari Titik , Tjahajati Ida , Hartati Sri , Yuriadi Yuriadi 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Various animal diseases are not always known by animal owners, so they must always be socialized even in the condition of the COVID-19 outbreak. This community service aims to provide animal health information to the community by online. This activity was carried out from in November 2020 using the Cisco Webex platform. The results showed that as many as 269 participants have joined in the socialization, consisting of 180 from Yogyakarta and 89 from outside Yogyakarta. Concluded that online socialization of animal health is successfully carried out and received a very good response from the community.
Keywords: Animal health; Community service; Veterinary clinic

ABSTRAK
Berbagai macam penyakit hewan tidak selalu diketahui oleh pemilik hewan, sehingga harus selalu disosialisasikan walapun dalam kondisi wabah COVID-19. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PKM) ini bertujuan memberikan informasi kesehatan hewan kepada masyarkat secara daring. Pengabdian dilakukan pada bulan bulan Oktober sampai Nopember 2020 secara daring menggunakan platform Cisco Webex. Hasil PKM menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 269 calon peserta telah mengikuti sosialisasi, yang terdiri dari 180 berasal dari Yogyakarta dan 89 dari luar Yogyakarta. Berdasar hasil kegiatan ini, disimpulkan bahwa sosialisasi tentang kesehatan hewan secara daring berhasil dilaksanakan dan mendapat respon sangat bagus dari masyarakat.
Kata kunci: Kesehatan hewan; Klinik hewan; Pengabdian masyarakat.
Vol. 2, N.º 2, Jul-Dez 2021 - "Uma Profissão, diferentes caminhos"
Authors: Editorial Conselho 
Published: July 2021

Terceira publicação da ROENTGEN - Revista Científica das Técnicas Radiológicas, com especial destaque para a temática "Uma Profissão, diferentes caminhos".
Neste número da ROENTGEN pretendemos sensibilizar o leitor para as novas áreas que têm surgido para os profissionais formados na área da Radiologia e de Imagem Médica e Radioterapia, mostrando os caminhos percorridos por alguns pioneiros que os viram como oportunidades e encararam como novos desafios. Tais testemunhos mostram-nos que são caminhos possíveis e de completo sentido para uma profissão de Técnico de Radiologia, à altura de desafiar e acompanhar a transformação tecnológica.
ZUMBIDO E PROCESSAMENTO AUDITIVO: ESTUDO DA HABILIDADE DE INTEGRAÇÃO AUDITIVA EM INDIVÍDUOS COM QUEIXA DE ZUMBIDO
Authors: Oliveira Lima Daviany , Raquel Diniz da Rosa Marine , Camara Miranda Amanda , Lopes Martins Mariana , Mendonça Maia Wanderley Cruz de Freitas Thaís , Jonatha dos Santos Ferreira Rubens 
Published: July 2021

O zumbido caracteriza-se pela presença de um ou mais sons nas orelhas ou na cabeça em ausência de estímulo sonoro externo correspondente. Dentre os sintomas mais comuns que estão associados ao zumbido, a dificuldade na discriminação de fala é um deles. Acredita-se que o zumbido pode apresentar-se como um som competitivo que interfere na integração binaural dos sons. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o desempenho da habilidade auditiva de integração binaural em indivíduos com e sem queixa de zumbido. Tratou-se de um estudo coorte transversal. Participaram 60 voluntários: 30 sem zumbido (grupo controle) e 30 com o sintoma de zumbido (grupo de estudo). Foram excluídos os indivíduos com perdas auditivas. Ambos os grupos foram submetidos à avaliação do processamento auditivo central por meio de dois testes comportamentais:Dicóticos de dissílabos alternados e o teste Dicótico de dígitos. O grupo sem zumbido apresentou melhor desempenho significativo, quando comparado ao grupo com queixa de zumbido em todos os testes e em ambas as orelhas. Não se observou assimetria entre as orelhas, considerando cada grupo separadamente. Além disso, os dois testes dicóticos utilizados apresentaram resultados compatíveis. Constatou-se que o zumbido pode prejudicar a percepção auditiva, dificultando a integração binaural e atenção seletiva. Sendo assim, é de suma importância a realização de tais testes, visto que esses podem também auxiliar na terapêutica, nas estratégias de uma intervenção eficaz e consequentemente nas habilidades comunicativas.