bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myocardial injury in patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 pneumonia: Pivotal role of inflammation in COVID‐19
Authors: Melillo Francesco , Napolano Antonio , Loffi Marco , Regazzoni Valentina , Boccellino Antonio , Danzi Gian Battista , Cappelletti Alberto Maria , Rovere‐Querini Patrizia , Landoni Giovanni , Ingallina Giacomo , Stella Stefano , Ancona Francesco , Dagna Lorenzo , Scarpellini Paolo , Ripa Marco , Castagna Antonella , Tresoldi Moreno , Zangrillo Alberto , Ciceri Fabio , Agricola Eustachio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsInfection by SARS‐CoV‐2 may result in a systemic disease and a proportion of patients ranging 15%–44% experienced cardiac injury (CI) diagnosed by abnormal troponin levels. The aim of the present study was to analyse the clinical characteristics of a large series of hospitalized patients for COVID‐19 in order to identify predisposing and/or protective factors of CI and the outcome.Methods and resultsThis is an observational, retrospective study on patients hospitalized in two Italian centres (San Raffaele Hospital and Cremona Hospital) for COVID‐19 and at least one high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs‐cTnt) measurement during hospitalization. CI was defined if at least one hs‐cTnt value was above the 99th percentile. The primary end‐point was the occurrence of CI during hospitalization.We included 750 patients (median age 67, IQR 56–77 years; 69% males), of whom 46.9% had history of hypertension, 14.7% of chronic coronary disease and 22.3% of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Abnormal troponin levels (median troponin 74, IQR 34–147 ng/l) were detected in 390 patients (52%) during the hospitalization.At multivariable analysis age, CKD, cancer, C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels were independently associated with CI. Independent predictors of very high troponin levels were chronic kidney disease and CRP levels. Patients with CI showed higher rate of all‐cause mortality (40.0% vs. 9.1%, p = 0.001) compared to those without CI.ConclusionThis large, multicentre Italian study confirmed the high prevalence of CI and its prognostic role in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19, highlighting the leading role of systemic inflammation for the occurrence of CI.
Race, place, and power in the production of medical knowledge: Perspectives from the Greater Caribbean
Authors: Hogarth Rana A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOver the past 10 years, the Greater Caribbean has emerged as an instructive historical concept for scholarly studies on slavery, race, disease, climate, commerce, and culture. During the era of Atlantic World slavery, this region spanned the Carolinas to the Caribbean, was home to racially diverse inhabitants, new diseases, flora and fauna typically not found in Europe, and climates that were equally as unfamiliar. Scholars have increasingly come to recognize this space as an ideal one for studying knowledge production about health and race. On the topic of race, in particular, the Greater Caribbean provided the context in which white commentators challenged or affirmed notions of innate racial difference through what they witnessed while living in the region. Questions about race, disease, climate and constitutions, could be posed at any locale; however, the ability to make side‐by‐side comparisons of how living, breathing Black and white bodies experienced sickness, treated illness, and labored in distinctive disease environments and climates was easier done in the Greater Caribbean than in Europe. Bearing that in mind, we should strive toward recognizing how knowledge about human bodies produced in Europe and the Caribbean worked in tandem to reify race. A number of scholars have made just that point, and amplified the significance of this region in contributing to the development and circulation of knowledge about race, as well as medical therapeutics, and disease.
National strategies for vaccination against COVID‐19 in people living with HIV in Central and Eastern European region
Authors: Jilich David , Skrzat‐Klapaczyńska Agata , Fleischhans Lukas , Bursa Dominik , Antoniak Sergii , Balayan Tatevik , Begovac Josip , Cicic Alma , Dragovic Gordana , Goekengin Deniz , Harxhi Arjan , Kase Kerstin , Lakatos Botond , Matulionyte Raimonda , Mulabdic Velida , Oprea Cristiana , Papadopoulos Antonios , Rukhadze Nino , Tomazic Janez , Tovba Lida , Soják Ľubomír , Vassilenko Anne , Yancheva Nina , Yurin Oleg , Kowalska Justyna ,   for the ECEE Network Group
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionPeople living with HIV (PLWH) are at higher risk of poorer COVID‐19 outcomes. Vaccination is a safe and effective method of prevention against many infectious diseases, including COVID‐19. Here we investigate the strategies for national COVID‐19 vaccination programmes across central and eastern Europe and the inclusion of PLWH in vaccination programmes.MethodsThe Euroguidelines in Central and Eastern Europe Network Group consists of experts in the field of infectious diseases from 24 countries in the region. Between 1 November 2020 and 19 March 2021 the group proceeded an on‐line survey consisting of 20 questions.ResultsTwenty‐two countries (out of 24 invited) participated in the survey and 20/22 countries in the period between December 2020 and March 2021 had already started their COVID‐19 vaccination programme. In total, seven different vaccines were used by participating countries. In 17/21 countries (81%), vaccinated persons were centralized within the national registry. In 8/21 countries (38%) PLWH were prioritized for vaccination (the Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, Lithuania, Montenegro, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia) and the Czech Republic, Greece and Serbia had put in place national guidelines for vaccination of PLWH. In 14/20 countries (70%) vaccination was only provided by designated centres. Eighteen respondents (18/21; 85.7%) reported that they planned to follow up HIV patients vaccinated against COVID‐19, mainly by measuring antibody levels and checking COVID‐19 incidence (11/21; 52.3%).ConclusionsThis survey‐based study suggests that there are significant differences in terms of prioritizing PLWH, the types of vaccines used, vaccination coverage, and the development and implementation of a vaccination programmes within the region. Regardless of heterogenicity and existing barriers within the region, systematic vaccination in PLWH should have the highest priority, especially in those with severe immunodeficiency, risk factors, and in the elderly, aiming for prompt and high vaccination coverage.
Cigarettes, a skin killer! Cigarette smoke may cause ferroptosis in female skin
Authors: Zhang Qunxian , Tang Sihuan , Huang Guixin , Liu Hongtao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionSkin exposure to tobacco smoke is closely related to skin aging. Ferroptosis is an iron‐dependent form of regulated cell death driven by the accumulation of lipid peroxides to levels sufficient to trigger cell death. However, few studies have examined ferroptosis in skin‐related diseases.MethodsThis study searched for differentially expressed genes by analyzing gene expression data downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Ferroptosis‐related genes were obtained by analyzing the FerrDb database. We also investigated the regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis‐related genes by enrichment analysis and constructing gene‐miRNA and gene‐transcription factor networks.ResultsBased on these analyses, exposure to cigarette smoke can cause ferroptosis in female skin. Ferroptosis‐associated genes might be regulated by 17 miRNAs and 20 TFs.ConclusionFinally, we found ferroptosis in the skin of women exposed to cigarette smoke, and the results provide an important theoretical basis for future research and anti‐aging treatment of skin.
Body image and scar assessment: A longitudinal cohort analysis of cardiothoracic, neurosurgery and urology patients
Authors: SHORKA Dorit , YEMINI Noa , Ben SHUSHAN Gila , TOKAR Luba , BENBENISHTY Julie , WOLOSKI‐WRUBLE Anna 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundScar severity and scar viewing are known to affect body image. The literature is lacking on the relationship between body image and surgical scar assessment.The aims of this study were to compare patients from 3 different surgical departments in terms of body image and scar assessment at discharge, in comparison with nurses’ scar assessment, and 3 months post‐surgery. In addition, the research examined age and gender in relation to the main variables.MethodsA longitudinal, comparative, correlational study was conducted using an instrument which included a health history, a nurses scar assessment tool and a patient scar assessment tool at hospital discharge, as well as a body image tool used both at discharge and at 3 months’ post‐surgery. The 10‐item body image scale was comprised of affective items, behavioural items and cognitive items. The STROCSS 2019 checklist is used.Results75 patients were studied who were mostly male (68.0%) with a mean age of 59 and married (77.3%). The sample distribution of departments included 30.7% cardiothoracic, 29.3% neurosurgery and 40% urology. Cardiothoracic patients displayed a significant negative body image pre‐surgery compared to post‐surgery. Neurosurgical patients’ scar assessments were significantly higher than nurses’ assessments with no differences found in the other departments.ConclusionsThe healthcare team needs to consider engaging patients in post‐surgery discussions concerning scarring and body image. The results of this study revealed that expectations in both clinician and patient participants need to be assessed and evaluated for congruency in order to offer a greater patient‐focused peri‐operative experience.
Severe intrauterine adhesions after life‐threatening event caused by Epstein–Barr virus‐associated atraumatic spleen laceration: Case report
Authors: Ozaki Takahiro , Masuda Miho , Ikeda Makiko , Ando Yukiko , Sato Hiroshi , Hirose Masaya 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis is the first known case report of severe intrauterine adhesion (IUA) following a life‐threatening event caused by an Epstein–Barr virus‐associated atraumatic spleen laceration. A 22‐year‐old nulligravid female suffered from infectious mononucleosis for approximately 1 month. Sudden severe hypovolemic shock with massive hemoperitoneum appeared and hemostasis was completely achieved by a splenectomy for an atraumatic spleen laceration, although that was followed by multiorgan failure and abdominal compartment syndrome. Complete recovery without any neurological sequelae was achieved by intensive treatment. A postoperative pathological evaluation revealed Epstein–Barr virus‐associated splenomegaly. The patient was referred to our department because of secondary amenorrhea for approximately 5 months since the last menstruation, which occurred just prior to the event. Laboratory blood test results demonstrated normal thyroid and ovarian functions. Hysterofiberscopy revealed complete obstruction at the end of the cervical canal, indicating secondary uterine amenorrhea caused by severe IUA. Hysteroscopic adhesiolysis with a rigid hysteroscope reached the opening of the uterine cavity and menstruation was restored.
Specific heat and thermal history of the Sariçiçek howardite
Authors: Altunayar‐Unsalan Cisem , Unsalan Ozan , Szurgot Marian A. , Wach Radosław A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMeteorites are excavated fragments from asteroid surfaces and planets, and determining their thermophysical properties is important since they contain valuable information about internal structures of their parent bodies. We investigated thermophysical properties of the Sariçiçek meteorite by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), measuring phase transition temperatures, enthalpy changes and specific heat capacities of samples and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), investigating weight change in a sample as a function of temperature or time. DSC results indicate that troilite α/β and β/γ phase transition temperatures of the interior part of the meteorite were at 421.98 ± 0.02 and 581.74 ± 1.71 K, and troilite content of interior and crust parts of the meteorite were 0.28 and 0.02 wt%, respectively. Relict temperatures were calculated as 453 ± 10, 465 ± 17, and 588 ± 55 K; specific heat capacities were measured as 779, 745, and 663 J kg–1 K–1 at 300 K; and predicted as 568, 537, and 480 J kg–1 K–1 at 200 K, for interior, edge, and crust, respectively. TGA results revealed that Sariçiçek's weight loss was 0.98% at 1170 °C, and water content and hydrogen abundance at 200–800 °C were 0.34% and 0.04%, respectively. Obtained results shed light on a thermal history of Sariçiçek’s parent body and provide further knowledge on thermal alteration of 4 Vesta.
Adjusting to China competition: Evidence from Japanese plant‐product‐level data
Authors: Bellone Flora , Hazir Cilem Selin , Matsuura Toshiyuki 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study examines how the product mixes of Japanese manufacturing plants have been impacted by the rise of China imports over the period 1997–2014. It focuses on the way plants are embedded in their local environment mitigates this causal relationship. We find evidence that China import competition induced both product downsizing and product exit within Japanese manufacturing plants. Moreover, we find that those negative effects differ across plants according to various plant characteristics including the spatial organization of their parent firm, and the degree of their exposure to external agglomeration economies.
A vorticity wave packet breaking within a rapidly rotating vortex. Part I: The critical layer flow
Authors: Caillol Philippe 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper considers the interaction between a free vorticity wave packet and a rapidly rotating vortex in the slowly‐evolving regime, a long time after the initial, unsteady, and strong interaction. We study a singular, nonlinear, amplitude‐modulated, and helical mode inside a linearly stable, columnar, and axisymmetric vortex on the ‐plane. The interaction starts when the neutral mode enters resonance with the vortex on a spiraling critical surface, where the phase angular speed is equal to the rotation frequency. The singularity in the modal equation on this asymmetric surface strongly modifies the flow in its neighborhood, the three‐dimensionl helical critical layer, the region where the wave/vortex interaction occurs. This interaction generates a vertically sheared 3D mean flow of higher amplitude than the wave packet. The chosen envelope regime assumes the formation of a mean radial velocity of the same order as the wave packet amplitude, deviating the streamlines in a spiral way with respect to the rotational wind. Through matched asymptotic expansions, we find an analytical solution of the leading‐order motion equations inside the critical layer. The pattern of the latter, strongly deformed by the mean radial velocity, loses its symmetries with respect to the azimuthal and radial directions. It nevertheless conserves enough symmetries so that the leading‐order divergences of the mean radial wave fluxes are zero. The Batchelor integral condition generalized to the three‐dimensional quasi‐steady recirculating flow within the critical layer separatrices yields a leading‐order uniform axial vorticity at any vortex height.
Developing scoring functions for soil quality to assess land suitability for irrigated wheat in Southern Algeria
Authors: Mihoub Adil , Koull Naima , Helimi Samia , Elhafed Kherraze Mohammed , Mokhtari Sakher , Pulido Fernández Manuel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEfficient land‐use management could be optimized through appropriate advice regarding land suitability and achieving a reasonable yield while preserving soil and environmental conditions. The main objective of this study was to determine and define those locations capable of wheat cultivation with irrigation in the municipality of N’goussa (Southern Algeria). Expert opinion (EO) method was used for selecting minimum soil data set (MDS‐EO), where six influencing soil properties (sand, pH, salinity, organic matter, gypsum and lime) and other three key parameters (slope, land use/land cover, and proximity to roads and electricity network) were considered important for irrigated wheat cultivation in the study area. Indicators were weighted according to principal component analysis (PCA) loadings and summed. PCA revealed that the selected nine indicators are appropriate for accounting 73.63% of the total variance. Two maps of land suitability were created here (expressed as a soil quality index within a range from 0 to 1) from multivariate analysis and already known standard scoring functions (SSFs) by using two data sets (pure and scored). The distribution of soil quality index (IQI) showed that above 70% of the land was moderately (MS) to highly suitable (HS) for irrigated wheat. The estimation accuracy of soil quality classes has been evaluated using random forests (RF), having as a dependent variable the final class of land suitability used in each map. It was determined that estimation accuracy could reach 60% (pure data set) and 65% (scored data set) at 0.5 cut‐off value for soil quality classes. Final prioritizing according to ranks of sensitivity index (SI) and efficiency ratio (ER) showed that IQI obtained from scored data set is the most suitable approach in soil quality assessment of arid areas. Therefore, it could be applied in southern Algeria for land management, integrated planning and environmental assessments.
Undercurrents in the world economy: Evolving global investment flows in the South
Authors: Gómez Lucía , Oinas Päivi , Wall Ronald Sean 
Published: October 2021

AbstractForeign direct investment (FDI) to the global South has increased, but very little research has gone into analysing the diverse FDI flows between unequally related groups of countries. This paper contributes by investigating (a) the distribution of global FDI into and between semi‐peripheral and peripheral countries in the global South (2006–2014), and (b) the country location factors of FDI in these two regions. We introduce a distinction between multinational enterprises from emerging (EMNE) and from peripheral countries (PMNE) and show evidence of their different investment behaviour. Our results uniquely demonstrate intra‐regional investment differences, the increasing sophistication of peripheries as hosts and sources of FDI (developmental undercurrents) and a rich set of location factors explaining FDI into these regions. We also show that EMNEs invest in semi‐peripheral countries so as to benefit from their emerging capacity to innovate.
Associations between age of menarche and genetic variation in women of African descent: genome-wide association study and polygenic score analysis
Authors: Scannell Bryan Molly , Ogundiran Temidayo , Ojengbede Oladosu , Zheng Wei , Blot William , Domcheck Susan , Hennis Anselm , Nemesure Barbara , Ambs Stefan , Olopade Olufunmilayo I , Huo Dezheng 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionMany diseases of adulthood are associated with a woman’s age at menarche. Genetic variation affects age at menarche, but it remains unclear whether in women of African ancestry the timing of menarche is regulated by genetic variants that were identified in predominantly European and East Asian populations.MethodsWe explored the genetic architecture of age at menarche in 3145 women of African ancestry who live in the USA, Barbados and Nigeria. We undertook a genome-wide association study, and evaluated the performance of previously identified variants.ResultsOne variant was associated with age at menarche, a deletion at chromosome 2 (chr2:207216165) (p=1.14×10−8). 349 genotyped variants overlapped with these identified in populations of non-African ancestry; these replicated weakly, with 51.9% having concordant directions of effect. However, collectively, a polygenic score constructed of those previous variants was suggestively associated with age at menarche (beta=0.288 years; p=0.041). Further, this association was strong in women enrolled in the USA and Barbados (beta=0.445 years, p=0.008), but not in Nigerian women (beta=0.052 years; p=0.83).DiscussionThis study suggests that in women of African ancestry the genetic drivers of age at menarche may differ from those identified in populations of non-African ancestry, and that these differences are more pronounced in women living in Nigeria, although some associated trait loci may be shared across populations. This highlights the need for well-powered ancestry-specific genetic studies to fully characterise the genetic influences of age at menarche.
Testing the effects of combining azithromycin with inhaled tobramycin forP. aeruginosain cystic fibrosis: a randomised, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Nichols David P , Singh Pradeep K , Baines Arthur , Caverly Lindsay J , Chmiel James F , GIbson Ronald L , Lascano Jorge , Morgan Sarah J , Retsch-Bogart George , Saiman Lisa , Sadeghi Hossein , Billings Joanne L , Heltshe Sonya L , Kirby Shannon , Kong Ada , Nick Jerry A , Mayer-Hamblett Nicole 
Published: October 2021

RationaleInhaled tobramycin and oral azithromycin are common chronic therapies in people with cystic fibrosis andPseudomonas aeruginosaairway infection. Some studies have shown that azithromycin can reduce the ability of tobramycin to killP. aeruginosa. This trial was done to test the effects of combining azithromycin with inhaled tobramycin on clinical and microbiological outcomes in people already using inhaled tobramycin. We theorised that those randomised to placebo (no azithromycin) would have greater improvement in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and greater reduction inP. aeruginosasputum in response to tobramycin.MethodsA 6-week prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial testing oral azithromycin versus placebo combined with clinically prescribed inhaled tobramycin in individuals with cystic fibrosis andP. aeruginosaairway infection.ResultsOver a 6-week period, including 4 weeks of inhaled tobramycin, the relative change in FEV1did not statistically significantly differ between groups (azithromycin (n=56) minus placebo (n=52) difference: 3.44%; 95% CI: −0.48 to 7.35; p=0.085). Differences in secondary clinical outcomes, including patient-reported symptom scores, weight and need for additional antibiotics, did not significantly differ. Among the 29 azithromycin and 35 placebo participants providing paired sputum samples, the 6-week change inP. aeruginosadensity differed in favour of the placebo group (difference: 0.75 log10CFU/mL; 95% CI: 0.03 to 1.47; p=0.043).ConclusionsDespite having greater reduction inP. aeruginosadensity in participants able to provide sputum samples, participants randomised to placebo with inhaled tobramycin did not experience significantly greater improvements in lung function or other clinical outcomes compared with those randomised to azithromycin with tobramycin.