bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vowel Production in Prelingually Deafened Mandarin-Speaking Children With Cochlear Implants
Authors: Yang Jing , Xu Li 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to characterize the acoustic profile and to evaluate the intelligibility of vowel productions in prelingually deafened, Mandarin-speaking children with cochlear implants (CIs).MethodTwenty-five children with CIs and 20 age-matched children with normal hearing (NH) were recorded producing a list of Mandarin disyllabic and trisyllabic words containing 20 Mandarin vowels [a, i, u, y, ɤ, ɿ, ʅ, ai, ei, ia, ie, ye, ua, uo, au, ou, iau, iou, uai, uei] located in the first consonant–vowel syllable. The children with CIs were all prelingually deafened and received unilateral implantation before 7 years of age with an average length of CI use of 4.54 years. In the acoustic analysis, the first two formants (F1 and F2) were extracted at seven equidistant time locations for the tested vowels. The durational and spectral features were compared between the CI and NH groups. In the vowel intelligibility task, the extracted vowel portions in both NH and CI children were presented to six Mandarin-speaking, NH adult listeners for identification.ResultsThe acoustic analysis revealed that the children with CIs deviated from the NH controls in the acoustic features for both single vowels and compound vowels. The acoustic deviations were reflected in longer duration, more scattered vowel categories, smaller vowel space area, and distinct formant trajectories in the children with CIs in comparison to NH controls. The vowel intelligibility results showed that the recognition accuracy of the vowels produced by the children with CIs was significantly lower than that of the NH children. The confusion pattern of vowel recognition in the children with CIs generally followed that in the NH children.ConclusionOur data suggested that the prelingually deafened children with CIs, with a relatively long duration of CI experience, still showed measurable acoustic deviations and lower intelligibility in vowel productions in comparison to the NH children.
Treating Childhood Speech Sound Disorders: Current Approaches to Management by Australian Speech-Language Pathologists
Authors: Furlong Lisa M. , Morris Meg E. , Serry Tanya A. , Erickson Shane 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
This study explored the intervention processes used by speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to treat children with speech sound disorders (SSDs).

Method
Semistructured, individual, in-depth interviews were conducted with 11 Australian SLPs. Inductive content analysis was used to classify the data to provide a description of current intervention processes for children with SSDs.

Results
Three main factors were identified relating to the intervention processes used by SLPs: (a) target selection, (b) therapy approaches, and (c) structural and procedural aspects of therapy sessions, including feedback. The findings revealed that SLPs often combine elements of four therapies: the minimal pairs approach, traditional articulatory approaches, auditory discrimination, and Cued Articulation. Initial therapy targets typically aligned with a developmental approach or were functional speech targets with meaningful relevance to the child and their family.

Conclusions
These findings contribute to the current state of knowledge about the intervention processes used by SLPs for children with SSDs. The use of hybrid speech pathology therapies, which combined elements of favored approaches, was common. Hybrid methods were intended to help tailor the interventions to individual needs. Client needs were highly prioritized by SLPs and influenced their choice of therapy targets and therapy approaches.
Multiwavelength analysis of the X-ray spur and southeast of the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Knies J. R. , Sasaki M. , Fukui Y. , Tsuge K. , Haberl F. , Points S. , Kavanagh P. J. , Filipović M. D. 
Published: February 2021

Aims.The giant H IIregion 30 Doradus (30 Dor) located in the eastern part of the Large Magellanic Cloud is one of the most active star-forming regions in the Local Group. Studies of H Idata have revealed two large gas structures which must have collided with each other in the region around 30 Dor. In X-rays there is extended emission (~1 kpc) south of 30 Dor called the X-ray spur, which appears to be anticorrelated with the H Igas. We study the properties of the hot interstellar medium (ISM) in the X-ray spur and investigate its origin including related interactions in the ISM.Methods.We analyzed new and archivalXMM-Newtondata of the X-ray spur and its surroundings to determine the properties of the hot diffuse plasma. We created detailed plasma property maps by utilizing the Voronoi tessellation algorithm. We also studied H Iand CO data, as well as optical line emission data of Hαand [S II], and compared them to the results of the X-ray spectral analysis.Results.We find evidence of two hot plasma components with temperatures ofkT1~ 0.2 keV andkT2~ 0.5−0.9 keV, with the hotter component being much more pronounced near 30 Dor and the X-ray spur. In 30 Dor, the plasma has most likely been heated by massive stellar winds and supernova remnants. In the X-ray spur, we find no evidence of heating by stars. Instead, the X-ray spur must have been compressed and heated by the collision of the H Igas.
A new instability domain of CNO-flashing low-mass He-core stars on their early white-dwarf cooling branches
Authors: Calcaferro Leila M. , Córsico Alejandro H. , Althaus Leandro G. , Bell Keaton J. 
Published: February 2021

Context. Before reaching their quiescent terminal white-dwarf cooling branch, some low-mass helium-core white dwarf stellar models experience a number of nuclear flashes which greatly reduce their hydrogen envelopes. Just before the occurrence of each flash, stable hydrogen burning may be able to drive global pulsations that could be relevant in shedding some light on the internal structure of these stars through asteroseismology, similarly to what occurs with other classes of pulsating white dwarfs.
Aims. We present a pulsational stability analysis applied to low-mass helium-core stars on their early white-dwarf cooling branches going through CNO flashes in order to study the possibility that the ε mechanism is able to excite gravity-mode pulsations. We assess the ranges of unstable periods and the corresponding instability domain in the log g − Teff plane.
Methods. We carried out a nonadiabatic pulsation analysis for low-mass helium-core white-dwarf models with stellar masses between 0.2025 and 0.3630 M⊙ going through CNO flashes during their early cooling phases.
Results. We found that the ε mechanism due to stable hydrogen burning can excite low-order (ℓ = 1, 2) gravity modes with periods between ∼80 and 500 s for stars with 0.2025 ≲ M⋆/M⊙ ≲ 0.3630 located in an extended region of the log g − Teff diagram, with effective temperature and surface gravity in the ranges 15 000 ≲ Teff ≲ 38 000 K and 5.8 ≲ log g ≲ 7.1, respectively. For the sequences that experience multiple CNO flashes, we found that with every consecutive flash, the region of instability becomes wider and the modes are more strongly excited. The magnitudes of the rate of period change for these modes are in the range of ∼10−10–10−11 [s/s].
Conclusions. Since the timescales required for these modes to reach amplitudes large enough to be observable are shorter than their corresponding evolutionary timescales, the detection of pulsations in these stars is feasible. Given the current problems in distinguishing some stars that populate the same region of the log g − Teff plane, the eventual detection of short-period pulsations may help in the classification of such stars. Furthermore, if a low-mass white dwarf star were found to pulsate with low-order gravity modes in this region of instability, it would confirm our result that such pulsations can be driven by the ε mechanism. In addition, confirming a rapid rate of period change in these pulsations would support the idea that these stars actually experience CNO flashes, as has been predicted by evolutionary calculations.
Retraction Note: Linguistic analysis in politically correct discourse (on the English language media content)
Authors: Melnikova Kseniya , Guslyakova Alla 
Published: February 2021

The Guest Editors and the Publisher have retracted this article.
Actually, the third author of the article - Lucio Giuliodori - and his affiliation (University of Perugia, Piazza dell'Università, 1, 06123 Perugia PG, Italy) - should be removed from the list of authors of the article, because the author Lucio Giuliodori has been mistakenly included in this article.
Lucio Giuliodori has no implications in this article. The authors Kseniya Melnikova and Alla Guslyakova agree to the retraction.
Request approved on January 25, 2021.
Social touch in mother–infant interaction affects infants’ subsequent social engagement and object exploration
Authors: Tanaka Yukari , Kanakogi Yasuhiro , Myowa Masako 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInfants’ social touch with caregivers has been considered a means of regulating infant physiological and emotional state. In non-human mammals, such regulatory function also facilitates infant exploration and social behavior. However, the types of social touch in human mother–infant interaction that contribute to specific behavioral responses toward people and objects remain unclear. Using a pre- and post-task design, this study investigated the effects of social touch during mother–infant interactions on infants’ subsequent preferential looking at social stimuli, social engagement with strangers, and object exploration. Between tasks, mothers and infants spent the time playing in one of two conditions, More Physical Contact or Less Physical Contact. We found that infants in the More Physical Contact Condition showed a greater decrease in evasive behavior with the stranger and enhanced object exploration than those in the Less Physical Contact Condition. Conversely, social touch did not affect infants’ preferential looking at static social images. Among the types of social touch, the frequency of affectionate touch reduced evasive behavior to the stranger and facilitated object exploration. These results suggest that social touch, especially affectionate touch, during mother–infant interactions, assist in the modulation of infants’ evasive behaviors toward people and object exploration.
Machinable boron-doped diamond as a practical heating element in multi-anvil apparatuses
Authors: Xie Longjian 
Published: February 2021

Being refractory and X-ray transparent, a boron-doped diamond (BDD) heater is considered an ideal heating element in a multi-anvil apparatus under diamond-stable pressures. However, the extremely high hardness of diamond makes it difficult to manufacture a BDD tube, which, in turn, hinders the wide application of BDD heaters in multi-anvil apparatuses. Here, I sintered a machinable BDD (MBDD) from a mixture of BDD powder and pitch (CnH2n+2) by its annealing in Ar at 1273 K for 5 h. The BDD powder was bound by a small amount of graphite (&lt;10 wt. %) during the sintering process. Tubes (such as 1.2/0.7/4.0 mm in outer/inner diameter/length) can be manufactured from the MBDD block using a lathe or a computer numerical control machine. Due to the low content of graphite in MBDD, the graphite–diamond conversion has a small effect on heating performance. The MBDD heater shows a comparable performance in ultrahigh temperature generation with a high-pressure synthesized BDD heater by generating a temperature higher than 3300 K and melted Al2O3 under a pressure of 15 GPa. With good heating performance and excellent machinability, MBDD is a practical heating element in multi-anvil apparatuses. The achievement of stable temperature generation over 3300 K by the MBDD heater enables various measurements on the physicochemical properties of melts under the Earth’s mantle conditions.
The mutational load in natural populations is significantly affected by high primary rates of retroposition
Authors: Zhang Wenyu , Xie Chen , Ullrich Kristian , Zhang Yong E. , Tautz Diethard 
Published: February 2021

SignificanceThe phenomenon of retroposition (the reintegration of reverse-transcribed RNA into the genome) has been well studied in comparisons between species and has been identified as a source of evolutionary innovation. However, less attention has been paid to possible negative effects of retroposition. To trace the evolutionary dynamics of these negative effects, our study uses a unique genomic dataset of house mouse populations. It reveals that the initial retroposition rate is very high and that most of these newly transposed retrocopies have a deleterious impact, apparently through modifying the expression of their parental genes. In humans, this effect is expected to cause disease alleles, and we propose that genetic screening should include the search for newly transposed retrocopies.
Retinal bioavailability and functional effects of a synthetic very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in mice
Authors: Gorusupudi Aruna , Rallabandi Rameshu , Li Binxing , Arunkumar Ranganathan , Blount J. David , Rognon Gregory T. , Chang Fu-Yen , Wade Alexander , Lucas Steven , Conboy John C. , Rainier Jon D. , Bernstein Paul S. 
Published: February 2021

Significance
Very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFAs) longer than 26 carbons are not present in normal vertebrate diets, yet they are uniquely found in the retina and a few other tissues, implying physiological importance of their biosynthesis from shorter-chain dietary precursors via the action of the ELOVL4 enzyme. While progress has been made by studying retinal samples from human donors and by investigating mouse models of Elovl4 dysfunction, further physiology and interventional research has been hampered by the scarcity of pure VLC-PUFAs. Here, we report the synthesis of a VLC-PUFA (32:6 n-3) in sufficient quantity to study its bioavailability in mice and to investigate its potential roles in normal retinal function and for treatment of disorders associated with VLC-PUFA deficiencies.
Observing ozone chemistry in an occupied residence
Authors: Liu Yingjun , Misztal Pawel K. , Arata Caleb , Weschler Charles J. , Nazaroff William W , Goldstein Allen H. 
Published: February 2021

Significance
It has been suggested that indoor exposure to ozone oxidation products contributes materially to the apparent associations between outdoor ozone concentration and morbidity and mortality. Our current understanding of indoor ozone chemistry derives mainly from studies with test surfaces under controlled conditions. Little is known about the overall impact of ozone chemistry on air composition in dynamically changing indoor residential environments. The results presented here reflect a quantitative characterization of overall indoor ozone chemistry in a normally occupied home. Findings reveal a strong influence of off-body skin lipids on indoor ozone chemistry. Being able to elucidate indoor air pollutants derived from ozone chemistry facilitates the investigation of causal links between outdoor ozone concentrations and adverse health effects.
Enhancement and maximum in the isobaric specific-heat capacity measurements of deeply supercooled water using ultrafast calorimetry
Authors: Pathak Harshad , Späh Alexander , Esmaeildoost Niloofar , Sellberg Jonas A. , Kim Kyung Hwan , Perakis Fivos , Amann-Winkel Katrin , Ladd-Parada Marjorie , Koliyadu Jayanath , Lane Thomas J. , Yang Cheolhee , Lemke Henrik Till , Oggenfuss Alexander Roland , Johnson Philip J. M. , Deng Yunpei , Zerdane Serhane , Mankowsky Roman , Beaud Paul , Nilsson Anders 
Published: February 2021

Significance
The importance of molecular understanding of the structure, dynamics. and properties of liquid water is recognized in many scientific disciplines. Here, we study experimentally the structure and thermodynamics of bulk liquid water as it is supercooled by evaporation down to ∼228 K. The unique aspect of this work is the use of ultrafast calorimetry that enables us to determine the specific-heat capacity of water to unprecedentedly low temperatures. The observed maximum of about 218 J/mol/K at 229 K is consistent with the liquid–liquid critical point model and supports a proposed fragile-to-strong transition at ∼220 K to explain the steep decrease in the estimated self-diffusion coefficient below 235 K.
Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in the presence of favipiravir-RTP
Authors: Naydenova Katerina , Muir Kyle W. , Wu Long-Fei , Zhang Ziguo , Coscia Francesca , Peet Mathew J. , Castro-Hartmann Pablo , Qian Pu , Sader Kasim , Dent Kyle , Kimanius Dari , Sutherland John D. , Löwe Jan , Barford David , Russo Christopher J. 
Published: February 2021

Significance
While the current COVID-19 pandemic continues, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved only one drug against the virus—remdesivir. It is a nucleotide analogue inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; favipiravir is another member of the same class. These nucleoside analogs were originally developed against other viral polymerases, and can be quickly repurposed against SARS-CoV-2 should they prove efficacious. We used cryoEM to visualize how favipiravir-RTP binds to the replicating SARS-CoV-2 polymerase and determine how it slows RNA replication. This structure explains the mechanism of action, and will help guide the design of more potent drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2.
Language use and identity negotiation in the linguistic landscape
of Chipilo, Mexico
Authors: Sbrighi Lucia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This is the first study exploring the
characteristics of the Linguistic Landscape of Chipilo, a town of an
immigrant community of Italian origin in Mexico, which has
maintained its language and ethnic identity over six generations.
The linguistic landscape (hereafter: LL) marks the geographical
space inhabited by Chipileños and reflects the relation among the
languages used (Spanish, Veneto, Italian and English). Its
distinctive trait is the combination of textual items with the
typical sounds, smells and tastes that can be perceived in the
streets of the town. The multisensory LL creates a unique ambience
and contributes to the symbolic construction of a distinct public
space and the promotion of the collective ethnic identity within the
community in relation to other groups.
Ideologies in the linguistic landscape
Authors: Arias Alvarez Alba , Gubitosi Patricia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Linguistic Landscape (LL) research is a useful
tool to uncover language ideologies related to the construction of
ethnic identities within a public space. Language in the public
space may reflect the sociopolitical encounters and differences that
exist within a community and need to be contemplated as part of the
larger view of the linguistic behavior of the society. The present
chapter focuses on Puerto Rico, a nation where English and Spanish
signage share the same space and where there is a long-running
discussion on Puerto Rican identity. This chapter aims to examine how
Puerto Ricans living on the island perceive their LL and what the
place of its flag is in the ongoing discussion of identity in the
public arena.
The role of cardiac computed tomography in pre‐participation screening of mature athletes
Authors: Christou Georgios A. , Deligiannis Asterios P. , Kouidi Evangelia J. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTThe overwhelming majority of sports‐related sudden cardiac deaths in mature athletes is attributed to coronary artery disease (CAD). Coronary plaques of mature athletes appear to be more calcified compared to sedentary individuals and thus may be more stable and less likely to be associated with an acute coronary event. Cardiac computed tomography (CT), including unenhanced CT for coronary artery calcium scoring (CACS) and contrast‐enhanced coronary CT angiography, is characterized by very high negative predictive value to rule out CAD. Cardiac CT has been shown to have additional diagnostic value for detection of CAD in athletes over and above exercise electrocardiogram. Moreover, measurement of CACS possibly enables a more precise cardiovascular risk stratification of mature athletes. The main advantage of cardiac CT is its noninvasive nature. Although cardiac CT appears to increase the overall cost of cardiac examinations, this additional cost is much lower than the cost of unnecessary invasive coronary angiographies that would be performed in case of false positive results of exercise electrocardiograms. Radiation exposure may not be a major concern for the application of this modality to pre‐participation screening of athletes, since recent technical advancements have resulted in low radiation dose of cardiac CT.HighlightsCoronary computed tomography angiography can be used in pre‐participation screening of mature athletes to increase the negative predictive value for excluding coronary artery disease.The identification of coronary artery calcium score = 0 in an athlete can improve risk stratification, since this athlete can be reasonably managed as an individual with low cardiovascular risk.
Arduino-based STEM education material: work-energy theorem
Authors: Çoban Atakan , Erol Mustafa 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Twenty first century expertise often requires high-level and cross-disciplinary skills that ought to be a part of todays’ educational activities. Therefore, educational undertakings should be designed in such a way that students can gain the desired expertise and skills. The present work offers an Arduino-based STEM education material, specifically designed to teach the work–energy theorem. The designed physical system is experimentally resolved by directly measuring position-time trajectories which lead to instant velocities. Measured instant position values are employed to determine the amount of work and corresponding velocity values are used to determine the instant kinetic energies of the system. Experimental data, on average, lead to a ratio of

W

Δ

K

=

0.959 which is reasonable concerning the range of experimental error limits therefore smartly validating the work–energy theorem.
Laser cooling and electronic structure studies of CaK and its ions CaK±
Authors: Moussa Amal , El-Kork Nayla , Korek Mahmoud 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Aiming at a laser cooling investigation, we have used ab initio complete active space self consistent field (CASSCF)/(MRCI +Q) calculations to study the electronic structure of the diatomic molecule CaK and its molecular ions CaK+ and CaK−. The potential energy curves and the static dipole moment curves have been investigated for the considered molecules along with the spectroscopic constants T
e, ω
e, B
e, and R
e, in addition to the values of dipole moment μ
e and dissociation energy D
e. Overall, 19 and 14 electronic states have been studied respectively for CaK, CaK+, from which 12 for CaK and six for CaK+ have been investigated here for the first time. Our obtained results agree well with data related to states that have been previously examined. Nineteen electronic states have been explored for CaK−, which up to our knowledge have not been previously calculated. The transition dipole moments have been calculated for the lowest Σ+–Σ+ and Σ+–Π transitions along with the Franck–Condon factor, Einstein coefficient, the spontaneous radiative lifetime, and the emission oscillator strength corresponding to the investigated transitions. A ro-vibrational analysis has been done via the canonical function approach, where the vibrational parameters E
v, B
v, D
v, and the turning points R
min and R
max have been determined. These calculations showed that the molecule CaK is a suitable candidate for Doppler laser cooling, and we propose a laser cooling scheme to this end. The Doppler limit temperature T
D and recoil temperature T
r have values as low as T
D = 51 μK and T
r = 156 nK. The results should provide a useful reference for experimental spectroscopic and ultra-cold molecular physics studies.