bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A true face of Indian married couples: Effect of age and education on control over own sexuality and sexual violence
Authors: Kashyap Gyan Chandra , Govind Bal , Srivastava Shobhit , R. Veena , Bango Madhumita , Shaw Subhojit 
Published: July 2021

Introduction
Though there are several interventions evaluated over the past 25 years, significant knowledge gaps continue to exist regarding the effective prevention of sexual violence. This study explored the socio-economic and context-specific distinctive characteristics of husbands and wives on sexual autonomy and unwanted sexual experiences of currently married women in India.

Methodology
We have utilized the recent round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4, 2015–16) data for this exploration. The NFHS-4 survey had adopted a stratified two-stage sample design to reach out to the survey households. A total of 63,696 couples are included in the analysis comprising of women of 15–49 years age and men of 15–54 years age. Multivariate techniques have been applied to understand the adjusted effects of socio-economic and demographic variables on control over their sexuality and sexual violence.

Results
Uneducated women married to uneducated men experienced more sexual violence and had less control over their sexuality than the other categories. The adjusted multivariate logistic model shows that educated husbands were significantly more likely to exercise control over their educated wives’ sexuality (AOR = 0.88; CI:0.78–0.99). Women having older husbands were significantly less likely to be having no-control over own sexuality (AOR = 0.89; CI:0.83–0.95) and experienced sexual violence (AOR = 0.81; CI:0.70–0.95). Women having comparatively more-educated husbands were significantly less likely to experience sexual violence (AOR = 0.62; CI:0.47–0.81). Muslim women were significantly more likely to have no control overown sexuality. SC/ST women were significantly more likely to experience sexual violence (28%).

Conclusions
This study highlights the factors associated with control over one’s sexuality and preponderance to sexual violence: age, education, spouse working status, wealth status, husband’s alcohol consumption, women autonomy, decision-making, and freedom for mobility. This study suggests that empowering women with education, creating awareness regarding reproductive health, and addressing their socio-economic needs to help them achieve autonomy and derive decision-making power.
Exploring lumbar and lower limb kinematics and kinetics for evidence that lifting technique is associated with LBP
Authors: Saraceni Nic , Campbell Amity , Kent Peter , Ng Leo , Straker Leon , O’Sullivan Peter 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
To investigate if lumbar and lower limb kinematics or kinetics are different between groups with and without a history of LBP during lifting. Secondly, to investigate relationships between biomechanical variables and pain ramp during repeated lifting.

Methods
21 LBP and 20 noLBP participants completed a 100-lift task, where lumbar and lower limb kinematics and kinetics were measured during lifting, with a simultaneous report of LBP intensity every 10 lifts. Lifts were performed in a laboratory setting, limiting ecological validity.

Results
The LBP group used a different lifting technique to the noLBP group at the beginning of the task (slower and more squat-like). Kinetic differences at the beginning included less peak lumbar external anterior shear force and greater peak knee power demonstrated by the LBP group. However, at the end of the task, both groups lifted with a much more similar technique that could be classified as more stoop-like and faster. Peak knee power remained greater in the LBP group throughout and was the only kinetic difference between groups at the end of the lifting task. While both groups lifted using a more comparable technique at the end, the LBP group still demonstrated a tendency to perform a slower and more squat-like lift throughout the task. Only one of 21 variables (pelvic tilt at box lift-off), was associated with pain ramp in the LBP group. Conclusions: Workers with a history of LBP, lift with a style that is slower and more squat-like than workers without any history of LBP. Common assumptions that LBP is associated with lumbar kinematics or kinetics such as greater lumbar flexion or greater forces were not observed in this study, raising questions about the current paradigm around ‘safe lifting’.
Gene expression changes in male and female rhesus macaque 60 days after irradiation
Authors: Majewski Matthäus , Ostheim Patrick , Gluzman-Poltorak Zoya , Vainstein Vladimir , Basile Lena , Schüle Simone , Haimerl Michael , Stroszczynski Christian , Port Matthias , Abend Michael 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
Transcriptome changes can be expected in survivors after lethal irradiation. We aimed to characterize these in males and females and after different cytokine treatments 60 days after irradiation.

Material and methods
Male and female rhesus macaques (n = 142) received a whole-body exposure with 700 cGy, from which 60 animals survived. Peripheral whole blood was drawn pre-exposure and before sacrificing the surviving animals after 60 days.

Results
We evaluated gene expression in a three-phase study design. Phase I was a whole-genome screening (NGS) for mRNAs using five pre- and post-exposure RNA samples from both sexes (n = 20). Differential gene expression (DGE) was calculated between samples of survivors and pre-exposure samples (reference), separately for males and females. 1,243 up- and down-regulated genes were identified with 30–50% more deregulated genes in females. 37 candidate mRNAs were chosen for qRT-PCR validation in phase II using the remaining samples (n = 117). Altogether 17 genes showed (borderline) significant (t-test) DGE in groups of untreated or treated animals. Nine genes (CD248, EDAR, FAM19A5, GAL3ST4, GCNT4, HBG2/1, LRRN1, NOG, SYT14) remained with significant changes and were detected in at least 50% of samples per group. Panther analysis revealed an overlap between both sexes, related to the WNT signaling pathway, cell adhesion and immunological functions. For phase III, we validated the nine genes with candidate genes (n = 32) from an earlier conducted study on male baboons. Altogether 14 out of 41 genes showed a concordantly DGE across both species in a bilateral comparison.

Conclusions
Sixty days after radiation exposure, we identified (1) sex and cytokine treatment independent transcriptional changes, (2) females with almost twice as much deregulated genes appeared more radio-responsive than males, (3) Panther analysis revealed an association with immunological processes and WNT pathway for both sexes.
Socioeconomic inequalities in abdominal obesity among Peruvian adults
Authors: Farro-Maldonado Marioli Y. , Gutiérrez-Pérez Glenda , Hernández-Vásquez Akram , Barrenechea-Pulache Antonio , Santero Marilina , Rojas-Roque Carlos , Azañedo Diego 
Published: July 2021

Objectives
Abdominal obesity (AO) has become a public health issue due to its impact on health, society and the economy. The relationship between socioeconomic disparities and the prevalence of AO has yet to be studied in Peru. Thus, our aim was to analyze the socioeconomic inequalities in AO distribution defined using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) cut-off points in Peruvian adults in 2018–2019.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study using data from the 2018–2019 Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) of Peru. We analyzed a representative sample of 62,138 adults over 18 years of age of both sexes from urban and rural areas. Subjects were grouped into quintiles of the wealth to calculate a concentration curve and the Erreygers Concentration Index (ECI) in order to measure the inequality of AO distribution. Finally, we performed a decomposition analysis to evaluate the major determinants of inequalities.

Results
The prevalence of AO among Peruvian adults was 73.8%, being higher among women than men (85.1% and 61.1% respectively, p < 0.001). Socioeconomic inequality in AO was more prominent among men (ECI = 0.342, standard error (SE) = 0.0065 vs. ECI = 0.082, SE = 0.0043). The factors that contributed most to inequality in the prevalence of AO for both sexes were having the highest wealth index (men 37.2%, women 45.6%, p < 0.001), a higher education (men 34.4%, women 41.4%, p < 0.001) and living in an urban setting (men 22.0%, women 57.5%, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
In Peru the wealthy concentrate a greater percentage of AO. The inequality gap is greater among men, although AO is more prevalent among women. The variables that most contributed to inequality were the wealth index, educational level and area of residence. There is a need for effective individual and community interventions to reduce these inequalities.
Basic emergency obstetric and newborn care service availability and readiness in Nepal: Analysis of the 2015 Nepal Health Facility Survey
Authors: Acharya Kiran , Subedi Raj Kumar , Dahal Sushma , Karkee Rajendra 
Published: July 2021

Background
Achieving maternal and newborn related Sustainable Development Goals targets is challenging for Nepal, mainly due to poor quality of maternity services. In this context, we aim to assess the Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (BEmONC) service availability and readiness in health facilities in Nepal by analyzing data from Nepal Health Facility Survey (NHFS), 2015.

Methods
We utilized cross-sectional data from the nationally representative NHFS, 2015. Service availability was measured by seven signal functions of BEmONC, and service readiness by the availability and functioning of supportive items categorized into three domains: staff and guidelines, diagnostic equipment, and basic medicine and commodities. We used the World Health Organization’s service availability and readiness indicators to estimate the readiness scores. We performed a multiple linear regression to identify important factors in the readiness of the health facilities to provide BEmONC services.

Results
The BEmONC service readiness score was significantly higher in public hospitals compared with private hospitals and peripheral public health facilities. Significant factors associated with service readiness score were the facility type (14.69 points higher in public hospitals, P<0.001), number of service delivery staff (2.49 points increase per each additional delivery staff, P<0.001), the service hours (4.89 points higher in facilities offering 24-hour services, P = 0.01) and status of periodic review of maternal and newborn deaths (4.88 points higher in facilities that conducted periodic review, P = 0.043).

Conclusions
These findings suggest that BEmONC services in Nepal could be improved by increasing the number of service delivery staff, expanding service hours to 24-hours a day, and conducting periodic review of maternal and newborn deaths at health facilities, mainly in the peripheral public health facilities. The private hospitals need to be encouraged for BEmONC service readiness.
The impact of race and ethnicity on outcomes in 19,584 adults hospitalized with COVID-19
Authors: Navar Ann M. , Purinton Stacey N. , Hou Qingjiang , Taylor Robert J. , Peterson Eric D. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction
At the population level, Black and Hispanic adults in the United States have increased risk of dying from COVID-19, yet whether race and ethnicity impact on risk of mortality among those hospitalized for COVID-19 is unclear.

Methods
Retrospective cohort study using data on adults hospitalized with COVID-19 from the electronic health record from 52 health systems across the United States contributing data to Cerner Real World DataTM. In-hospital mortality was evaluated by race first in unadjusted analysis then sequentially adjusting for demographics and clinical characteristics using logistic regression.

Results
Through August 2020, 19,584 patients with median age 52 years were hospitalized with COVID-19, including n = 4,215 (21.5%) Black and n = 5,761 (29.4%) Hispanic patients. Relative to white patients, crude mortality was slightly higher in Black adults [22.7% vs 20.8%, unadjusted OR 1.12 (95% CI 1.02–1.22)]. Mortality remained higher among Black adults after adjusting for demographic factors including age, sex, date, region, and insurance status (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.01–1.27), but not after including comorbidities and body mass index (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.93–1.23). Compared with non-Hispanic patients, Hispanic patients had lower mortality both in unadjusted and adjusted models [mortality 12.7 vs 25.0%, unadjusted OR 0.44(95% CI 0.40–0.48), fully adjusted OR 0.71 (95% CI 0.59–0.86)].

Discussion
In this large, multicenter, EHR-based analysis, Black adults hospitalized with COVID-19 had higher observed mortality than white patients due to a higher burden of comorbidities in Black adults. In contrast, Hispanic ethnicity was associated with lower mortality, even in fully adjusted models.
Performance of an affordable urine self-sampling method for human papillomavirus detection in Mexican women
Authors: Hernández-López Rubí , Hermosillo Luis , León-Maldonado Leith , Velázquez-Cruz Rafael , Torres-Ibarra Leticia , Lazcano-Ponce Eduardo , Lörincz Attila , Wheeler Cosette M. , Bosch F. Xavier , Cuzick Jack , Rivera-Paredez Berenice , Nedjai Belinda , Salmerón Jorge 
Published: July 2021

Introduction
Urine self-sampling for human papillomavirus (HPV)-based cervical cancer screening is a non-invasive method that offers several logistical advantages and high acceptability, reducing barriers related to low screening coverage. This study developed and evaluated the performance of a low-cost urine self-sampling method for HPV-testing and explored the acceptability and feasibility of potential implementation of this alternative in routine screening.

Methods
A series of sequential laboratory assays examined the impact of several pre-analytical conditions for obtaining DNA from urine and subsequent HPV detection. Initially, we assessed the effect of ethylaminediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as a DNA preservative examining several variables including EDTA concentration, specimen storage temperature, time between urine collection and DNA extraction, and first-morning micturition versus convenience sample collection. We further evaluated the agreement of HPV-testing between urine and clinician-collected cervical samples among 95 women. Finally, we explored the costs of self-sampling supplies as well as the acceptability and feasibility of urine self-sampling among women and healthcare workers.

Results
Our results revealed higher DNA concentrations were obtained when using a 40mM EDTA solution, storing specimens at 25°C and extracting DNA within 72 hrs. of urine collection, regardless of using first-morning micturition or a convenience sampling. We observed good agreement (Kappa = 0.72) between urine and clinician-collected cervical samples for HPV detection. Furthermore, urine self-sampling was an affordable method (USD 1.10), well accepted among cervical cancer screening users, healthcare workers, and decision-makers.

Conclusion
These results suggest urine self-sampling is feasible and appropriate alternative for HPV-testing in HPV-based screening programs in lower-resource contexts.
Cost-effectiveness of artificial intelligence monitoring for active tuberculosis treatment: A modeling study
Authors: Salcedo Jonathan , Rosales Monica , Kim Jeniffer S. , Nuno Daisy , Suen Sze-chuan , Chang Alicia H. 
Published: July 2021

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) incidence in Los Angeles County, California, USA (5.7 per 100,000) is significantly higher than the U.S. national average (2.9 per 100,000). Directly observed therapy (DOT) is the preferred strategy for active TB treatment but requires substantial resources. We partnered with the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health (LACDPH) to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of AiCure, an artificial intelligence (AI) platform that allows for automated treatment monitoring.

Methods
We used a Markov model to compare DOT versus AiCure for active TB treatment in LA County. Each cohort transitioned between health states at rates estimated using data from a pilot study for AiCure (N = 43) and comparable historical controls for DOT (N = 71). We estimated total costs (2017, USD) and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) over a 16-month horizon to calculate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and net monetary benefits (NMB) of AiCure. To assess robustness, we conducted deterministic (DSA) and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSA).

Results
For the average patient, AiCure was dominant over DOT. DOT treatment cost $4,894 and generated 1.03 QALYs over 16-months. AiCure treatment cost $2,668 for 1.05 QALYs. At willingness-to-pay threshold of $150K/QALY, incremental NMB per-patient under AiCure was $4,973. In univariate DSA, NMB were most sensitive to monthly doses and vocational nurse wage; however, AiCure remained dominant. In PSA, AiCure was dominant in 93.5% of 10,000 simulations (cost-effective in 96.4%).

Conclusions
AiCure for treatment of active TB is cost-effective for patients in LA County, California. Increased use of AI platforms in other jurisdictions could facilitate the CDC’s vision of TB elimination.
Políticas comunitarias de juventud: el factor territorial en la sociedad global
Authors: Conde Valdivieso Henar , Muñoz Rodríguez José Manuel 
Published: July 2021

Cuando nos situamos ante el estudio de las políticas educativas de juventud, requerimos de un marco contextual que permita interpretar por qué, cómo y cuándo se genera una nueva política educativa en materia de juventud en Europa, en busca de conseguir políticas educativas más consistentes y eficaces. El mandato específico que sobre juventud tiene la Comunidad Europea se centra en aspectos educativos; sin embargo, al analizar las distintas políticas comunitarias, nos encontramos en numerosas ocasiones con la necesidad de afrontar el hecho social que representa la juventud, en sus aspectos contextuales, sociales, culturales, etc. Una de las variables más marginadas en la implementación de las actuaciones socio-educativas es la dimensión espacial, contextual, territorial... y esto a pesar de su importancia manifiesta cuando se trata de luchar contra la desigualdad y la exclusión social de los jóvenes. La dispersión de iniciativas, fruto de un olvido sistemático -por parte de los responsables de las políticas- de la dimensión contextual (entre otras), hace que se hayan planteado acciones en muchos casos homogéneas y homogeneizantes. En este sentido, al objeto de cubrir algunas de las necesidades surgidas como consecuencia del proceso de globalización, abogamos por un nuevo fundamento teórico -sobre el que debe sustentarse la política de juventud- que recupere la valía del espacio, contexto o territorio, como agente socioeducativo de primer orden en la Unión Europea. Estos principios, creemos, deberán formar parte de los cimientos sobre los que se construye el proyecto comunitario para la juventud de Europa.
La formación del profesorado basada en redes de aprendizaje virtual: aplicación de la técnica dafo
Authors: Colás Bravo Pilar , De Pablos Pons Juan 
Published: July 2021

En este artículo se formula un modelo de formación del profesorado sustentado en el potencial de las TICs como "Entorno Virtual de Aprendizaje" que posibilita a la vez la comunicación interactiva y la formación en centros. Esta aportación se concreta en una aplicación pedagógica de las TICs para la formación del profesorado, basada en propuestas vinculadas al modelo de formación en centros, aprendizaje colaborativo y aprendizaje virtual desde una perspectiva sociocultural.Este modelo de formación parte de la creación on-line de comunidades docentes de aprendizaje colaborativo como base para la formación permanente del profesorado. Se expone y desarrolla la técnica DAFO como metodología para la gestación, creación y dinamización on line de redes de profesorado. Estas redes tienen como objetivo constituir comunidades colaborativas de aprendizaje para la formación continua del profesorado y la innovación educativa en centros.
Aportaciones educativas de los modelos informatizados de diagnóstico cognitivo en el algoritmo de la sustracción
Authors: Sánchez García Ana Belén 
Published: July 2021

En este artículo examinamos los sistemas de diagnóstico informatizado más interesantes en el ámbito de los errores que se producen en el algoritmo de la sustracción. Del mismo modo, también analizamos las aportaciones pedagógicas de estos modelos de conocimiento procesal al campo de la educación matemática. Para ello, hacemos hincapié en las contribuciones de la Psicología Cognitiva y la Informática que junto a la Ciencias de la Educación proporcionan información necesaria para poder analizar las causas subyacentes a los errores en los procesos matemáticos, y contribuyen a representar los procesos como complemento didáctico al diagnóstico.
Excel como una herramienta asequible en la enseñanza de la Estadística
Authors: López Noriega Myrna , Lagunes Huerta Cristina , Herrera Sánchez Santa 
Published: July 2021

El uso de la hoja de cálculo en el aprendizaje de la estadística, resulta ser una herramienta de fácil acceso, ya que la mayoría de los paquetes computacionales tienen alguna versión de ella. En el presente artículo se analizaron los beneficios del uso de Excel en el proceso de aprendizaje de la estadística, además de hacer el comparativo con software especializados de difícil acceso a los estudiantes universitarios. Ventajas adicionales en los procedimientos estadísticos son la sintaxis común de acuerdo con su nombre, las funciones de aplicación inmediata y la capacidad gráfica por mencionar algunas.
Mantle Cell Lymphoma Presenting as Diarrhea in a Liver Transplant Recipient
Authors: Ahmed Abdelwahab , Naji Abdullah , Zhang Jinyu , Raoufi Mohammad , Alhamar Mohamed , Salgia Reena , Mullins Keith 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a 63-year-old man with a medical history of hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent orthotopic liver transplant 10 years prior on long-term immunosuppressive therapy. The patient presented to the clinic with diarrhea, and the workup revealed mantle cell lymphoma. Mantle cell lymphoma is an extremely rare finding in transplanted livers. It is essential to include mantle cell lymphoma, along with a broad differential, during the workup of diarrhea in post-transplant patients.