bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of Four Point Fixated Open Loop Polymethyl Methacrylate Anterior Chamber Intraocular Lens: A Ten-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Sahoo Sonali , Parida Priyadarsini , Mohanty Amrita , Das Sujata , Mohamed Ashik , Sahu Srikant 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
PurposeTo study long term visual and refractive outcomes and complications in eyes with anterior chamber intraocular lens (ACIOL) implantationMethodsData of patients who underwent primary and secondary ACIOL implantation at L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar between 2011-2020 was collected, including details of post-operative visits. For analysis, sample was divided into: group Ia (primary ACIOL in cases without risk factors, n=104); group Ib (primary ACIOL in cases with pre-existing risk factors, n=49); and group II (secondary ACIOL, n=40).ResultsA total of 293 eyes of 288 patients were included. Mean pre-operative and last visit corrected distance visual acuity were 1.65±0.79 and 0.49±0.65 logMAR units in group Ia (p<0.001), and 1.46±0.74 and 0.52±0.72 logMAR units in group Ib (p<0.001). The mean spherical equivalent (MSE) for last refraction was -0.37 ± 1.05 dioptres (D) and -0.57 ± 1.04 D in groups I and II, respectively. Of 76 eyes in which addition of 2.5 D (over the near emmetropic posterior chamber intraocular lens power) was taken for ACIOL, 40 (52.6%) had MSE within ±0.5 D. Most common complications were transient corneal edema and anterior chamber reaction. Eyes on anti-glaucoma medications at last visit were eight (7.7%), 15 (30.6%), and two (5.0%) in groups Ia, Ib, and II respectively.ConclusionsWe observed that ACIOLs have good visual and refractive outcomes. Raised IOP is a concern in eyes with pseudoexfoliation, but can be managed with close monitoring. Hence ACIOL can be a good option for managing aphakia after cataract surgery.
Prediction of 90-day mortality among sepsis patients based on a nomogram integrating diverse clinical indices
Authors: Zeng Qing-Bo , He Long-Ping , Zhang Nian-Qing , Lin Qing-Wei , Zhong Lin-Cui , Song Jing-Chun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Sepsis is prevalent among intensive care units and is a frequent cause of death. Several studies have identified individual risk factors or potential predictors of sepsis-associated mortality, without defining an integrated predictive model. The present work aimed to define a nomogram for reliably predicting mortality.
Methods

We carried out a retrospective, single-center study based on 231 patients with sepsis who were admitted to our intensive care unit between May 2018 and October 2020. Patients were randomly split into training and validation cohorts. In the training cohort, multivariate logistic regression and a stepwise algorithm were performed to identify risk factors, which were then integrated into a predictive nomogram. Nomogram performance was assessed against the training and validation cohorts based on the area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC), calibration plots and decision curve analysis.
Results

Among the 161 patients in the training cohort and 70 patients in the validation cohort, 90-day mortality was 31.6%. Older age and higher values for the international normalized ratio, lactate level, and thrombomodulin level were associated with greater risk of 90-day mortality. The nomogram showed an AUC of 0.810 (95% CI 0.739 to 0.881) in the training cohort and 0.813 (95% CI 0.708 to 0.917) in the validation cohort. The nomogram also performed well based on the calibration curve and decision curve analysis.
Conclusion

This nomogram may help identify sepsis patients at elevated risk of 90-day mortality, which may help clinicians allocate resources appropriately to improve patient outcomes.
Notch1 down-regulation in lineage-restricted niches of mouse eccrine sweat glands
Authors: Wang Yuzhen , Yao Bin , Duan Xianlan , Li Jianjun , Song Wei , Jirigala Enhe , Li Zhao , Yuan Xingyu , Kong Yi , Zhang Yijie , Fu Xiaobing , Huang Sha 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundEccrine sweat gland (SG) restrictedly exists in mouse foot pads indicating that mouse plantar dermis (PD) contains the SG lineage-restricted niches. However, it is still unclear how niches can affect stem cell fates.MethodsIn this study, we tried to find the key cues by which stem cells sense and interact with the SG lineage-specific niches. Briefly, we used transcriptomics RNA sequencing analysis to screen differentially expressed genes between SG cells and epidermal stem cells (ES), and then we used proteomic analysis to screen differentially expressed proteins between PD and dorsal dermis (DD).ResultsWe found that Notch1 is not only closely related to embryonic SG morphogenesis based on Gene Ontology enrichment analysis but also differentially down-regulated during SG formation in the levels of genes and proteins. Furthermore, immunochemistry and immunofluorescence staining verified that Notch1 was continuously down-regulated along with the process of SG morphogenesis. Especially, Notch1 positive cells almost disappeared neither in the emerging SG buds or in the newly-formed glandular structures.ConclusionHence, we speculated that Notch1 possibly acts as the role of “gatekeeper” during embryonic SG development and is the promising key cue that regulates the interactions between stem cells and the SG lineage-specific niches. Our attempts highlighted the role of Notch1 during embryonic SG organogenesis.Trial registration Not applicable.
Adverse Drug Reactions in COVID-19 patients admitted to Intensive care unit: Analysis of individual case study reports
Authors: Nazir Nazia , Chopra Deepti , Sidhu Jaspreet Kaur , Bhandari Bharti 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Occurrence of adverse drug reactions in COVID-19 patients has not been extensively studied. Thus the present study was conducted to analyze the pattern of suspected Adverse Drug Reactions in COVID-19 patients admitted in Intensive Care Unit.
Methods

In this observational study, all the individual case study reports of patients admitted to the COVID ICU from August to October 2020 were analyzed. The type of ADR, the system involved, drug history, the suspected drug, reaction time and time to revert and management of ADR were recorded. ADRs were classified as serious and non-serious and causality was assessed using the WHO-UMC scale. The severity of ADRs was determined using Hartwig Scale.
Results

From 395 patients admitted to the COVID ICU during the study period, 44 individual case reports were received of 36 patients. Dermatological manifestations were the most frequent ADRs reported in this study, followed by gastrointestinal. Remedesivir was the most common drug associated with ADRs. The female gender, use of more than 5 drugs and presence of comorbidities were the independent risk factors for the occurrence of ADRs in patients with COVID-19.
Conclusion

The use of many of these drugs in this pandemic is experimental and so far the data available in the literature does not guarantee the safety and efficacy for COVID-19 treatment. Therefore, during these times of uncertainty, the results from present study reinforce the importance of monitoring patients. Early diagnosis and management of ADRs is warranted.
Structure, thermoelectric and electrical properties of bismuth-manganese oxide prepared by mechanochemical method
Authors: El-Desoky M.M. , Hannora Ahmed E. , Fareed Shereef A. , Ibrahim Makram , Ali A M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Production of nanomaterials by mechanochemical synthesis is one of the important modern methods in new technology. Mechanochemical technique followed by heat treatment has been used to produce bismuth-manganese oxide from bismuth oxide and manganese dioxide. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis is conducted evaluate the structure changes during the mechanochemical process. Structure transformation from crystalline to complete amorphous phase was observed after short time of milling. The amorphization mechanism and reaction kinetics are examined in the light of the processing parameters and materials composition. Interdiffusion and distraction of the long rang order structure are the proposed mechanisms for amorphization. Bismuth manganese oxide phase with chemical formula Bi2Mn4O10 was formed after heat treatment at 1073 K. Bi2Mn4O10 partially decomposed to γ-Bi12.8O19.2 and α-Mn2O3. Crystallite size (47.6–102.4 nm) of the formed phases after heat treatment is significantly affecting the electrical properties. Thermoelectric power (S) of present samples was reported and the fraction C of reduced transition metal ions was calculated. The manganese ions concentration N were calculated and found to be increasing from 1.11 X1022 cm− 3 to 1.38 X1022 cm− 3, while the average distance between manganese ions R increased from 0.623nm to 0.647nm. The hopping carrier mobility (µ) of the prepared samples was also calculated at fixed temperature. From studying the conduction mechanism, the present work was found to agree with non-adiabatic process of small polaron hopping.
On the Structure of the Political Party System in Indian States, 1957 - 2018
Authors: Ferris John Stephen , Dash Bharatee Bhusana 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
What accounts for the large and ever-changing number of political parties that contest Indian state elections? In this paper we test an equilibrium model of political parties where the number of parties depend on the average size of state constituencies, the heterogeneity of the state’s electorate, state per capita income as well as constitutional and legislative rules that directly affect party numbers. Extending the analysis to consider the effects on entry and exits highlights those factors that have affected party turnover instead of or in addition to changing aggregate party numbers. Comparison of the effects on numbers with those on the effective number of parties (ENP) suggests that the model explains variations in the number of smaller sized parties that are a more transitory part of the electoral process. Whether this implies that the model is more applicable to the lesser developed Indian states is examined by re-testing the model against a subdivision of states that differ by their stage of development. While most variables work in the same way, increases in the proportion of reserved seats have decreased both party numbers and ENP in lower income states, with the opposite occurring in higher income states. The effect of state partition has been to decrease party vote fragmentation more than party numbers.
An Overview of β-Amyloid Cleaving Enzyme 1 (BACE1) in Alzheimer's
Disease Therapy: Elucidating its Exosite-Binding Antibody and
Allosteric Inhibitor
Authors: Ugbaja Samuel C. , Lawal Monsurat M. , Kumalo Hezekiel M. 
Published: June 2021

:
Over decades of its identification, numerous past and ongoing research has focused on β-
amyloid cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) therapeutic roles as a target in treating Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Although the initial BACE1 inhibitors at phase-3 clinical trials tremendously reduced β-amyloidassociated
plaques in patients with AD, the researchers eventually discontinued the tests for lack of potency.
This discontinuation has resulted in limited drug development and discovery targeted at BACE1,
despite the high demand for dementia and AD therapies. It is, therefore, imperative to describe the detailed
underlying biological basis of the BACE1 therapeutic option in neurological diseases. Herein, we
highlight BACE1 bioactivity, genetic properties, and role in neurodegenerative therapy. We review research
contributions on BACE1 exosite-binding antibody and allosteric inhibitor development as AD
therapies. The review also covers BACE1 biological function, the disease-associated mechanisms, and
the enzyme conditions for amyloid precursor protein site splitting. Based on the present review, we
suggest further studies on anti-BACE1 exosite antibodies and BACE1 allosteric inhibitors. Non-active
site inhibition might be the way forward to BACE1 therapy in Alzheimer's neurological disorder.
Clinical Phenotype and Mutation Spectrum of Alzheimer’s Disease with Causative Genetic Mutation in a Chinese Cohort
Authors: Mao Chenhui , Li Jie , Dong Liling , Huang Xinying , Lei Dan , Wang Jie , Chu Shanshan , Liu Caiyan , Peng Bin , Román Gustavo C. , Cui Liying , Gao Jing 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Alzheimer’s disease with a causative genetic mutation (AD-CGM) is an uncommon
form, characterized by a heterogeneous clinical phenotype and variations in the genotype of
racial groups affected.

Objective:
We aimed to systemically describe the phenotype variance and mutation spectrum in the
large sample size of the Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) cohort, Beijing, China.

Methods:
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was carried out in 1108 patients diagnosed with dementia.
A total of 40 Han Chinese patients with three AD gene mutations were enrolled. A systemic review
of all the patients was performed, including clinical history, neurocognitive assessment, brain magnetic
resonance imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers.

Results:
We studied the following gene mutation variants: 12 AβPP, 13 PSEN1, and 9 PSEN2, and 23
among them were novel. Most of them were early-onset, but PSEN1 mutation carriers had the youngest
onset age. The commonest symptoms were similar to those of AD, including an amnestic syndrome,
followed by psychiatric symptoms and movement disorder. On MRI, parietal and posterior
temporal atrophy was prominent in PSEN1 and PSEN2 mutation carriers, while AβPP mutation carriers
had more vascular changes. The CSF biomarkers profile was indistinguishable from sporadic AD.

Conclusion:
We identified a small group of AD-CGM subjects representing 3.6% among more than
1000 demented patients in the PUMCH cohort. These subjects usually presented with early-onset
dementia and exhibited significant clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Identification required complete
screening of genetic mutations using NGS. Although family history was usually present, we found
non-familial cases of all three genetic mutations.
Brefeldin A Induces Apoptosis, Inhibits BCR-ABL Activation, and Triggers BCRABL Degradation in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia K562 Cells
Authors: Zhang Jin-Man , Wang Cui-Fang , Wei Mei-Yan , Dong Hui , Gu Yu-Cheng , Mo Xiao-Mei , Shao Chang-Lun , Liu Ming 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disease caused by BCR-ABL
oncoprotein. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been developed to inhibit the activity of BCR-ABL; however, drug resistance
and side effect occur in clinic application. Therefore, it is urgent to find novel drugs for CML treatment. Under
the guidance of cytotoxic activity, crude extracts of 55 fungal strains from the medicinal mangrove Acanthus ilicifolius
were evaluated, and one potent cytotoxic natural compound, brefeldin A (BFA), was discovered from Penicillium sp.
(HS-N-29).

Objective:
This study was aimed to determine the cytotoxic activity of BFA and the effect on the activation and expression
of BCR-ABL in K562 cells.

Method:
We evaluated cytotoxic activity by MTT assay and soft agar clone assay; apoptosis and cell cycle distribution
by Muse cell analyzer. The protein level of BCR-ABL and signaling molecules was detected by western blotting,
and the mRNA level of BCR-ABL was determined by RT-PCR.

Results:
BFA inhibited cell proliferation, induced G2/M cell cycle arrest, and stimulated cell apoptosis in K562 cells.
Importantly, for the first time, we revealed that BFA inhibited the activation of BCR-ABL and consequently inhibited
the activation of its downstream signaling molecules in K562 cells. Moreover, we found BFA degraded BCR-ABL
without affecting its transcription in K562 cells, and BFA-induced BCR-ABL degradation was related to caspase activation,
while not to autophagy or ubiquitinated proteasome degradation pathway.

Conclusion:
Our present results indicate that BFA acts as a dual functional inhibitor and degrader of BCR-ABL, and
BFA is a potential compound for chemotherapeutics to overcome CML.
Optimized Preparation of Gold Nanoparticles-loaded Carbon Nanotubes (Au-CNTs) as an Efficient Catalyst for p-Nitrophenol Reduction
Authors: Zulkifli Farah Wahida Ahmad , Md Jani Abdul Mutalib , Yazid Hanani 
Published: June 2021

Aim:
The current work aims to enhance catalytic performance of gold nanoparticle–
carbon nanotube (Au-CNT) composites towards the reduction of p-nitrophenol.

Background:
The synthesis of Au-CNTs has received extensive attention because of their high
stability and catalytic efficiency, particularly as a heterogeneous catalyst in the reduction of pnitrophenol
(p-NP) to p-aminophenol (p-AP) However, most of the Au-CNT preparation processes
reported in the literatures are time-consuming or require expensive instrumentation. In the present
work, Au-CNT catalysts were synthesized via a straightforward, low-cost deposition–
precipitation (DP) method.

Objective:
Evaluate the effect of pH and aging time on catalytic activity of Au-CNTs catalyst.

Methods:
The Au-CNT nanocomposite catalysts were synthesized using a simple deposition–
precipitation method and characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, field emission
scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy.

Results:
The particle size and the loading of Au nanoparticles on the CNTs can be easily controlled
by varying the pH and aging time during the synthesis process. The nanocomposite catalysts
exhibited excellent catalytic activity for the reduction of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol in
the presence of excess sodium borohydride (NaBH4). The highest rate constant (k) achieved
based on the pseudo-first-order kinetic model was 1.2 × 10-3 s-1.

Conclusion:
This study offers a simple and cost-effective route to synthesize Au-CNT catalysts
with high stability and catalytic efficiency for large-scale application.
CemGEMS – an easy-to-use web application for thermodynamic modeling of cementitious materials
Authors: Kulik Dmitrii A. , Winnefeld Frank , Kulik Anton , Miron George Dan , Lothenbach Barbara 
Published: June 2021

Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations for cementitious materials enable predictions of stable phases and solution composition. In the last two decades, thermodynamic modelling has been increasingly used to understand the impact of factors such as cement composition, hydration, leaching, or temperature on the phases and properties of a hydrated cementitious system. General thermodynamic modelling codes such as GEM-Selektor have versatile but complex user interfaces requiring a considerable learning and training time. Hence there is a need for a dedicated tool, easy to learn and to use, with little to no maintenance efforts. CemGEMS (https://cemgems.app) is a free-to-use web app developed to meet this need, i.e. to assist cement chemists, students and industrial engineers in easily performing and visualizing thermodynamic simulations of hydration of cementitious materials at temperatures 0-99 °C and pressures 1-100 bar. At the server side, CemGEMS runs the GEMS code (https://gems.web.psi.ch) using the PSI/Nagra and Cemdata18 chemical thermodynamic data-bases (https://www.empa.ch/cemdata).
The present paper summarizes the concepts of CemGEMS and its template data, highlights unique features of value for cement chemists that are not available in other tools, presents several calculated examples related to hydration and durability of cementitious materials, and compares the results with thermodynamic modelling using the desktop GEM-Selektor code.
KONSEP MODIFIKASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN DAYA MESIN SEPEDA MOTOR
Authors: Pambayun Nirmala Adhi Yoga , Sukoco Sukoco , Suyanto Wardan , Sudarwanto Sudarwanto 
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk, (1) Mengetahui peningkatan daya mesin sepeda motor 4 langkah dengan sistem bahan bakar karburator setelah dimodifikasi, (a) volume mesin (cc); (b) perbandingan kompresi mesin; (c) mekanikal katup; (d) sistem pemasukan (intake); (e) sistem pembuangan (exhaust); (2) Mengetahui emisi gas buang mesin setelah dimodifikasi apakah masih masuk dalam ambang batas emisi yang ditetapkan pemerintah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian research and development. Subjek penelitian ini adalah mesin sepeda motor 4 langkah dengan sistem bahan bakar karburator. Alat yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah dynotest dan exhaust gas analyzer. Data hasil pengujian dianalisis dengan statistik diskriptif berupa rata-rata dan persentase (%) serta regresi sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, (1) Daya mesin meningkat sebesar 151 % dari 5,8 HP/6063 rpm menjadi 14,6 HP/10.171 rpm; (2) Emisi gas buang mesin setelah modifikasi masih masuk dalam ambang batas emisi yang ditetapkan pemerintah yakni HC 815 ppm dan CO 3.306 % dengan ambang batas HC 2400 ppm dan CO 5.5 %.Kata Kunci: Modifikasi, Daya, Emisi
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE THINK PAIR SHARE (TPS) DI SMK NEGERI 1 MAGELANG
Authors: Putra Praditya Carolus Ryan , Haryana Kir 
Published: June 2021

This research aims to determine the increase in learning outcomes in the subject of Automotive Basic Technology class X Department of Automotive Engineering SMK Negeri 1 Magelang 2018/2019 Academic Year using the application of cooperative learning models Think Pair Share (TPS) type. This research is a class action research. Data collection techniques used in this study used observation and tests. The steps undertaken in this study were begun with observations to find out the students' initial abilities in the material used, then implemented a Think Pair Share (TPS) type of cooperative learning model with a continuous learning cycle, and ended with a posttest at each end of learning. The results showed that the application of learning using the Cooperative learning model Think Pair Share (TPS) type can improve student learning outcomes in automotive basic technology subjects in class X OC SMK Negeri 1 Magelang. On observation, the average value of 55, in the first cycle the average student learning outcomes of 83, then in the second cycle the average student learning outcomes of 90, thus the average test in the first cycle increased by 28 points or by 56 , 6% compared to observations, the average test in cycle II increased by 7 points or 8.4% compared to the test in cycle I.