bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal iron status during early pregnancy and school‐age, lung function, asthma, and allergy: The Generation R Study
Authors: Quezada‐Pinedo Hugo G. , Mensink‐Bout Sara M. , Reiss Irwin K. , Jaddoe Vincent W. V. , Vermeulen Marijn J. , Duijts Liesbeth 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundIron deficiency during early life could affect the developing lung and immune system, and influence child's respiratory or allergy outcomes in later life.ObjectiveTo examine the associations of maternal iron status during early pregnancy with child's lung function, asthma, inhalant allergic sensitization, and physician‐diagnosed inhalant allergy at school‐age.MethodsIn a population‐based cohort study, among 3825 mother–child pairs, ferritin, transferrin concentrations, and transferrin saturation were measured from maternal venous blood samples during early pregnancy. In children at the age of 10 years, spirometry was used to determine child's lung function, current asthma and physician‐diagnosed inhalant allergy were assessed by questionnaires, and inhalant allergic sensitization was measured by skin prick tests. We used multivariable regression models to examine the associations.ResultsAfter adjustment for gestational age at maternal iron status measurement and sociodemographic or lifestyle‐related confounders, a higher maternal transferrin concentration was associated with a higher risk of physician‐diagnosed inhalant allergy (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.13 [1.01 to1.26]), but not with lung function, asthma, or inhalant allergic sensitization. This association did not attenuate after further adjustment for maternal hemoglobin levels or early growth factors. We observed no consistent association of maternal ferritin concentrations or transferrin saturation with child's respiratory or allergy outcomes.ConclusionHigher maternal transferrin concentrations during pregnancy, reflecting lower serum iron levels, were associated with an increased risk of child's physician‐diagnosed inhalant allergy but not lung outcomes. Underlying mechanisms and clinical implications need to be explored.
Reflex zone stimulation reduces ventilation inhomogeneity in cystic fibrosis: A randomised controlled cross‐over study
Authors: Pleskova Jana , Koucky Vaclav , Medunova Katerina , Vlckova Blanka , Smolikova Libuse , Pohunek Petr 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe reflex zone stimulation technique (RST) activates complex motor responses and has a positive impact on the locomotor system. This technique may also indirectly affect breathing; however, the use of this technique as adjunct of the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) has not yet been characterised.MethodsWe performed a randomised controlled single‐centre interventional trial to evaluate the short‐term effects of RST on lung function in 21 paediatric CF patients with normal baseline spirometry. The effect of 30 min of RST was compared to that of sham therapy in a crossover design. The interventions were performed in random order and planned 6 months apart. The primary outcome was a change in global ventilation inhomogeneity after intervention, assessed by lung clearance index (LCI2.5) derived from a nitrogen multiple breath washout test. Secondary outcomes included changes in regional ventilation inhomogeneity (indices of acinar [Sacin*Vt] and conductive airway [Scond*Vt] inhomogeneity) and spirometry parameters (inspiratory capacity, forced vital capacity, and forced expiratory volume in 1 s). Trunk deformity was assessed by physiotherapists at study entry.ResultsAfter the RST intervention, the LCI2.5 (p = .004) and Scond*Vt (p = .009) decreased significantly, while inspiratory capacity increased (p = .012). In the sham‐therapy group, none of the parameters changed significantly. Trunk deformity was seen in 76.5% of all patients, and 92.9% of those with trunk deformity showed a decrease in LCI2.5 after RST.ConclusionRST has multiple positive short‐term effects on lung function, especially in CF patients with trunk deformities.
Biosorption of copper from aqueous solutions utilizing agricultural wastes
Authors: Rizzuti Anthony M. , Winston Regina J. , Orr Isheka S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the copper (Cu) biosorption capacities of several agricultural wastes from aqueous solutions. Samples of agricultural wastes were tested unaltered and after hydrochloric acid (HCl) treatment. Additional parameters tested include sample dose, contact time, particle size, mixing temperature, and the concentrations and pH of the Cu solutions. Desorption studies were performed to determine if the removed Cu could be recovered. In addition, tests were conducted to determine if the agricultural waste samples (AWS) could be reused for additional Cu biosorption cycles. The results of this study demonstrate a wide range of Cu biosorption proficiencies ranging from 0% to 100% removal. The parameters that resulted in higher Cu removal include higher pH and lower Cu solution concentration. Desorption results showed a 58% to 86% Cu recovery rate. Three of the five reused AWS were effective at removing Cu during subsequent trials. Therefore, these AWS types can be reused for additional Cu biosorption cycles. Hence, it is possible that using those AWS for metal treatment could reduce hazardous waste disposal inefficiencies and costs by avoiding disposing of spent AWS following each Cu biosorption cycle.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Hantzsch 1,4‐Dihydropyridines by a Series of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Putative Synthetic TRPV6 Calcium Channel Blockers
Authors: Jafari‐Chermahini Mohammad T. , Tavakol Hossein 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVarious spinel iron oxide nanoparticles (MFe2O4, M: Ca, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Ni, Sn and Zn) have been prepared using a single step coprecipitation method. Nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, FESEM, FT‐IR and UV‐Vis diffuse‐reflectance spectroscopy. The catalytic activities of the synthesized nanoparticles in Hantzsch reaction have been studied. HgFe2O4 NPs exhibits the highest catalytic activity than others. The structural properties of synthesized 1,4‐dihydropyridine were characterized by mass spectrometry, FT‐IR and 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR. Finally, the in silico molecular simulations for screening of blocking ability of synthesized 1,4‐dihydropyridine against various TRPV6 proteins were performed. These studies revealed that examined 1,4‐dihydropyridines are promising TRPV6 calcium channel blockers. As a result, molecular modeling confirmed that synthesized 1,4‐DHPs are docked on the pore region of the examined TRPV6 channels.
Facilitating the Deprotonation of OH to O through Fe4+‐Induced States in Perovskite LaNiO3 Enables a Fast Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Fu Gaoliang , Li Weiwei , Zhang Jia‐Ye , Li Mengsha , Li Changjian , Li Ning , He Qian , Xi Shibo , Qi Dongchen , MacManus‐Driscoll Judith L. , Cheng Jun , Zhang Kelvin Hongliang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAliovalent doping is widely adopted to tune the electronic structure of transition‐metal oxides for design of low‐cost, active electrocatalysts. Here, using single‐crystalline thin films as model electrocatalysts, the structure‐activity relationship of Fe states doping in perovskite LaNiO3 for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is studied. Fe4+ state is found to be crucial for enhancing the OER activity of LaNiO3, dramatically increasing the activity by six times, while Fe3+ has negligible effect. Spectroscopic studies and DFT calculations indicate Fe4+ states enhance the degree of Ni/Fe 3d and O 2p hybridization, and meanwhile produce down‐shift of the unoccupied density of states towards lower energies. Such electronic features reduce the energy barrier for interfacial electron transfer for water oxidization by 0.2 eV. Further theoretical calculations and H/D isotope experiments reveal the electronic states associated with Fe4+‐O2−‐Ni3+ configuration accelerate the deprotonation of *OH to *O (rate‐determining step), and thus facilitate fast OER kinetics.
Anwendung von Zwang in der Intensivmedizin
Authors: Jöbges S. , Biller-Andorno N. 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungZwangsbehandlungen in der Medizin umfassen Maßnahmen, die gegen eine aktuelle oder frühere Willensäußerung der betroffenen Person durchgeführt werden. Hierunter fällt auch die Überwindung manifestierter Widerstände z. B. bei nicht einwilligungsfähigen Patienten. Zwang gibt es nicht nur in der Psychiatrie, sondern kann auch auf der Intensivstation ausgeübt werden. Im Spannungsfeld zwischen intensivmedizinischer Behandlung, Fürsorge und Patientenwille besteht ein hohes Risiko für Zwangsbehandlungen sowie freiheitseinschränkende Maßnahmen. Häufig ist dem Team dieses moralische Spannungsfeld nur zum Teil bewusst. Vom Patienten wird Zwang als Kontrollverlust beschrieben und kann als traumatisierend, entwürdigend und stressauslösend wahrgenommen werden. Die Herausforderung für das Team einer hochspezialisierten Intensivstation besteht darin, den Patienten in seiner Individualität zu sehen und so weit wie möglich einzubinden. Um Zwang auf Intensivstation zu vermeiden und dem individuellen Patienten gerecht zu werden, muss die Problematik zuallererst wahrgenommen werden. Hilfreich zur Vermeidung von Zwang auf einer Intensivstation können Ausbildungskonzepte, eine ethische Reflexion im Team (Teamkultur), Supervision und psychologische Begleitung für Patienten und das Team sowie klinikinternen Standards sein. Diese Arbeit beschreibt Ursachen, verschiedene Formen und Häufigkeiten von Zwangsbehandlungen auf der Intensivstation sowie juristische Vorgaben. Es wird eine Annäherung versucht, welche intensivmedizinischen Maßnahmen mit der Ausübung von Zwang einhergehen können und wie Zwang von Patienten und dem Team wahrgenommen wird.
Next Stop: Postheteronormativität
Authors: Busche Mart 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Möglichkeiten, Geschlecht, Sexualität und Beziehungen auf vielfältige Weise zu leben, erweitern sich beständig und stellen die Offene Kinder- und Jugendarbeit wie auch die Kinder- und Jugendhilfe vor alte und neue Herausforderungen. Wie kann die Arbeit möglichst integrativ und wenig ausschließend umgesetzt werden? Unter dem Stichwort der „Postheteronormativität“ bietet der Beitrag einige Reflexionsimpulse an, wie eine zeitgemäße Pädagogik sich entsprechend aufstellen und positionieren kann.
Arthritis anders? – Neues zu seronegativen Spondarthritiden
Authors: Peichl Peter 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungUnter dem Begriff der Spondyloarthritiden wird eine Vielzahl von klinisch unterschiedlichen Krankheitsbildern zusammengefasst. Neben der klassischen ankylosierenden Spondylitis geht es über die Psoriasis, Psoriasis-Arthritis, zu einer akuten anterioren Uveitis, reaktiven Arthritis oder einer Arthritis in Verbindung mit Colitis ulcerosa oder Colitis ulcerosa und Morbus Crohn.
The genetic background and vitamin D supplementation can affect irisin levels in Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Faienza M. F. , Brunetti G. , Grugni G. , Fintini D. , Convertino A. , Pignataro P. , Crinò A. , Colucci S. , Grano M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is associated to distinctive clinical symptoms, including obesity, cognitive and behavioral disorders, and bone impairment. Irisin is a myokine that acts on several target organs including brain adipose tissue and bone. The present study was finalized to explore circulating levels of irisin in children and adult PWS patients.MethodsSeventy-eight subjects with PWS, 26 children (15 females, mean age 9.48 ± 3.6 years) and 52 adults (30 females, mean age 30.6 ± 10.7) were enrolled. Irisin serum levels were measured in patients and controls. Its levels were related with anthropometric and metabolic parameters, cognitive performance and bone mineral density either in pediatric or adult PWS. Multiple regression analysis was also performed.ResultsIrisin serum levels in PWS patients did not show different compared with controls. A more in-depth analysis showed that both pediatric and adult PWS with DEL15 displayed significantly reduced irisin levels compared to controls. Otherwise, no differences in irisin concentration were found in UPD15 patients with respect to controls. Our study revealed that in pediatric PWS the 25(OH) vitamin-D levels affected irisin serum concentration. Indeed, patients who were not supplemented with vitamin D showed lower irisin levels than controls and patients performing the supplementation. Multiple regression analysis showed that irisin levels in pediatric and adult PWS were predicted by the genetic background and 25(OH)-vitamin D levels, whereas in a group of 29 adult PWS also by intelligent quotient.ConclusionWe demonstrated the possible role of genetic background and vitamin-D supplementation on irisin serum levels in PWS patients.
Design Concepts for NiTiNOL Wires to Function as a Sensor
Authors: Ruth D. Josephine Selvarani 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNickel Titanium Naval Ordinance Laboratory (NiTiNOL) is widely called as a shape memory alloy (SMA), a class of nonlinear smart material inherited with the functionally programmed property of varying electrical resistance during the transformation enabling to be positioned as a sensing element. The major challenge to instrument the SMA wires is to suppress the wires’ nonlinearity by proper selection of two important factors. The first factor is influenced by the mechanical biasing element and the other is to identify the sensing current for the sensing device (SMA wires + biasing). This paper focuses on developing SMA wires for sensing in different orientation types and configurations by removing the non-linearity in the system’s output by introducing inverse hysteresis to the wires through the passive mechanical element.
Synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles by chemical and green synthesis methods and their multifaceted properties
Authors: Aravind M. , Amalanathan M. , Mary M. Sony Michael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this present work, Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) successfully synthesized using the chemical as well as the green synthesis routine. The ethanol provoked the chemical reduction of ions. In the green synthesis, jasmine flower extract was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent because it contains alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids. The Rutile phase of TiO2NPs with an average crystalline size of 31–42 nm was revealed from the XRD pattern. From the UV–Visible spectroscopy, the optically active region of TiO2NPs at 385 nm represents the visible region spectrum. The Ti–O–Ti and Ti–O vibration bond formation confirms the formation of TiO2NPs. The SEM image of TiO2NPs reveals that the spherical shaped NPs with randomly arranged manner. The obtained results have revealed that the property of TiO2nanoparticles was similar in both processes. The Photodegradation of methylene blue dye was investigated and resulted in the maximum degradation efficiency of 92% is achieved at 120 min of irradiation. The Photodegradation study shows the biosynthesized TiO2NPs exhibits a higher degradation efficiency compared to chemically synthesized TiO2NPs. The antibacterial activity of prepared TiO2NP’s was studied using grams-positive and gram-negative strains. The biological activities of green synthesized TiO2NPs are enhanced compared to the chemically synthesized TiO2NPs. Hence the degradation efficiency and zone inhibition layer indicate that the prepared TiO2NPs are the potential candidate for environmental and biomedical applications.Graphic abstract
Topic Analysis of Traditional and Social Media News Coverage of the Early COVID-19 Pandemic and Implications for Public Health Communication
Authors: Chipidza Wallace , Akbaripourdibazar Elmira , Gwanzura Tendai , Gatto Nicole M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjective:To characterize and compare early coverage of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in newspapers, television, and social media, and discuss implications for public health communication strategies that are relevant to an initial pandemic response.Methods:Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), an unsupervised topic modeling technique, analysis of 3271 newspaper articles, 40 cable news shows transcripts, 96,000 Twitter posts, and 1000 Reddit posts during March 4-12, 2020, a period chronologically early in the timeframe of the COVID-19 pandemic.Results:Coverage of COVID-19 clustered on topics such as epidemic, politics, and the economy, and these varied across media sources. Topics dominating news were not predominantly health-related, suggesting a limited presence of public health in news coverage in traditional and social media. Examples of misinformation were identified, particularly in social media.Conclusions:Public health entities should use communication specialists to create engaging informational content to be shared on social media sites. Public health officials should be attuned to their target audience to anticipate and prevent spread of common myths likely to exist within a population. This may help control misinformation in early stages of pandemics.
Transformations of the transfinite plane
Authors: Rinot Assaf , Zhang Jing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We study the existence of transformations of the transfinite plane that allow one to reduce Ramsey-theoretic statements concerning uncountable Abelian groups into classical partition relations for uncountable cardinals.
To exemplify: we prove that for every inaccessible cardinal

$\kappa $

, if

$\kappa $

admits a stationary set that does not reflect at inaccessibles, then the classical negative partition relation

$\kappa \nrightarrow [\kappa ]^2_\kappa $

implies that for every Abelian group

$(G,+)$

of size

$\kappa $

, there exists a map

$f:G\rightarrow G$

such that for every

$X\subseteq G$

of size

$\kappa $

and every

$g\in G$

, there exist

$x\neq y$

in X such that

$f(x+y)=g$

.
Ecological turnover in neotropical freshwater and terrestrial communities during episodes of abrupt climate change
Authors: Pérez Liseth , Correa-Metrio Alex , Cohuo Sergio , González Laura Macario , Echeverría-Galindo Paula , Brenner Mark , Curtis Jason , Kutterolf Steffen , Stockhecke Mona , Schenk Frederik , Bauersachs Thorsten , Schwalb Antje 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
The last 85,000 years were characterized by high climate and environmental variability on the Yucatán Peninsula. Heinrich stadials are examples of abrupt climate transitions that involved shifts in regional temperatures and moisture availability. Thus, they serve as natural experiments to evaluate the contrasting responses of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. We used ostracodes and pollen preserved in a 75.9-m-long sediment core (PI-6, ~85 ka) recovered from Lake Petén Itzá, Guatemala, to assess the magnitude and velocity of community responses. Ostracodes are sensitive to changes in water temperature and conductivity. Vegetation responds to shifts in temperature and the ratio of evaporation to precipitation. Ostracodes display larger and more rapid community changes than does vegetation. Heinrich Stadial 5-1 (HS5-1) was cold and dry and is associated with lower ostracode and vegetation species richness and diversity. In contrast, the slightly warmer and dry conditions during HS6 and HS5a are reflected in higher ostracode species richness and diversity. Our paleoecological study revealed the greatest ecological turnover for ostracodes occurred from 62.5 to 51.0 ka; for pollen, it was at the Pleistocene/Holocene transition. Future studies should use various climate and environmental indicators from lake and marine sediment records to further explore late glacial paleoclimate causes and effects in the northern neotropics.
Investigating cow−calf contact in cow-driven systems: behaviour of the dairy cow and calf
Authors: Johnsen Julie Føske , Johanssen Juni Rosann Engelien , Aaby Anna Vøien , Kischel Stine Grønmo , Ruud Lars Erik , Soki-Makilutila Augustin , Kristiansen Therese Bjørklund , Wibe Anne Gladsø , Bøe Knut Egil , Ferneborg Sabine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractResearch is needed on how technology can facilitate cow−calf contact (CCC). This research communication describes the behaviour of dairy cow−calf pairs in two cow-driven CCC-systems differing in cows' access to the calves through computer-controlled access gates (smart gates, SG). Specifically, cow traffic through SG when visiting their calves, allogrooming, suckling and cross-suckling, cows' eating and resting behaviour and finally vocal response to separation were assessed. After 3 d in an individual calving pen, pairs (n = 8) were moved to the CCC compartment with a cow area, a calf creep and a meeting area. During the next 31 d calves could suckle the cows whenever they visited the meeting area (suckling phase). Cows had free (group 1, n = 4 pairs) or restricted access to the calves based on previous activity in the automatic milking system (group 2, n = 4 pairs). SG's controlled cow traffic between the meeting area and the cow area, in which the cows could access resources such as feed, cubicles, and the automatic milking system. Following the suckling phase cow access into the meeting area was gradually decreased over 9 d (separation phase). During the suckling phase, cows paid frequent and short visits to their calves. Pairs spent in total approximately one h/d suckling and allogrooming. However, the duration and frequencies of these events varied among pairs and groups, as did the vocal response to separation. Restricted access − cows performed more (unrewarded) attempts to visit the calves who cross-suckled more. Collectively, free access to the calves may have been more intuitive and welfare friendly. Although a low sample size limits interpretation beyond description and enabling hypothesis formulation for future research, the results indicate that the cow is motivated to visit her calf, albeit through a SG, thus facilitating particular behaviours for which cow-calf pairs are highly motivated.
Changes in peripheral blood compounds following psychopharmacological treatment in drug-naïve first-episode patients with either schizophrenia or major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis
Authors: Çakici Nuray , Sutterland Arjen L. , Penninx Brenda W. J. H. , de Haan Lieuwe , van Beveren Nico J. M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis meta-analysis on peripheral blood compounds in drug-naïve first-episode patients with either schizophrenia or major depressive disorder (MDD) examined which compounds change following psychopharmacological treatment.MethodsThe Embase, PubMed and PsycINFO databases were systematically searched for longitudinal studies reporting measurements of blood compounds in drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia or MDD.ResultsFor this random-effects meta-analysis, we retrieved a total of 31 studies comprising 1818 schizophrenia patients, and 14 studies comprising 469 MDD patients. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) increased following treatment in schizophrenia (Hedges' g (g): 0.55; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39–0.70; p < 0.001) and MDD (g: 0.51; CI 0.06–0.96; p = 0.027). Interleukin (IL)-6 levels decreased in schizophrenia (g: −0.48; CI −0.85 to −0.11; p = 0.011), and for MDD a trend of decreased IL-6 levels was observed (g: −0.39; CI −0.87 to 0.09; p = 0.115). Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) also decreased in schizophrenia (g: −0.34; CI −0.68 to −0.01; p = 0.047) and in MDD (g: −1.02; CI −1.79 to −0.25; p = 0.009). Fasting glucose levels increased only in schizophrenia (g: 0.26; CI 0.07–0.44; p = 0.007), but not in MDD. No changes were found for C-reactive protein, IL-1β, IL-2 and IL-4.ConclusionsPsychopharmacological treatment has modulating effects on BDNF and TNFα in drug-naïve first-episode patients with either schizophrenia or MDD. These findings support efforts for further research into transdiagnostic preventive strategies and augmentation therapy for those with immune dysfunctions.