bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teaching anatomy online using retrieval practice, 3D stereoscopic images and virtual human fly‐through videos
Authors: Kolitsky Michael A. 
Published: June 2021

An online Human Anatomy and Physiology course used Quizlets (practice quizzes) as a form of retrieval practice pedagogy along with a lab based on reusable learning objects such as 3D anaglyph images made from stereo image pairs in the Bassett Collection at Stanford University School of Medicine Medical History Center and Wright State University School of Medicine Quicktime VR Anatomical Resource. Fly‐through videos were made from the NIH National Library of Medicine Virtual Human series. Red‐blue glasses will be provided to view 3D images.Higher course grades were observed in lecture and lab than in past courses when no Quizlets were used. Total Quizlet scores in lecture showed a moderate to high correlation using R‐squared analysis with the total exam score. Total Quizlet time (study time) was also linked to the grade received in the lecture course. The average lab exam scores for students using 3D images was 97.1% compared to 92.5% for students choosing to study non‐3D lab images available for students who cannot see in 3D. Although the 3D average lab exam score was slightly higher, it was not statistically significant. Student response, however, to using 3D images was strongly positive.
Historical development of the surgical technique for cleft lip and palate surgery: Bourgery's Treatise on Human Anatomy, 1854
Authors: Barros Mirna Duarte , Andreotti Joao Duvilio B , Levy Stephanie F , Curcio Daniella Franco , Liquidato Bianca Maria 
Published: June 2021

The Bourgery's Treatise on Human Anatomy is a compendium on anatomy, surgery, and clinics, comprised of 16 volumes with 726 colored lithographic plates. Based on Bourgery's medical and anatomical experience the treatise is a detailed anatomical encyclopedia, with illustrated description of the surgical procedures.Objectiveto provide an overview of the historical development of the surgical technique for cleft lip and palate corrective surgery, based on Bourgery's treatise. We compared the Bourgery's Vol VII, plate 18, atlas VII, entitled “Becs de Lièvre”, with the descriptions of the current techniques for cleft lip and palate correction. The surgical treatments include bilateral incisions on the edge surface of the cleft, followed by retropulsion fracture of the incisive tubercle with triple swing flap technique. During the XVI century, the use of caustic substances, antimony and nitrate on the edge surface of the cleft was common; in the XVIII century, scalpels and scissors were the instruments most frequently employed in surgical reconstructions, whilst only scissors continued to be used throughout the XIX century. The treatise shows the anatomy of the cleft lip and palate, surgical timing, complications, treatments, and final results. Current surgical techniques are very similar, except for modifications that improve functional and aesthetic results: 1. Millard I and II techniques are used for lip repair; 2. Veau‐Wardill‐Kilner‐Braithwaite, for palate repair in “V” or “Y” shape; 3. McComb technique, extended incision up to the alar wing and sulcus. The Bourgery's Treatise of Human Anatomy is a historical source, from where it is possible to review and learn on surgical techniques for cleft lip and palate usually performed until the XIX century.
Body composition, energy metabolism and endocrine variables in weight stable gastric‐bypass patients
Authors: Holmback Ulf , Berglund Marie , Cederholm Tommy , Sundbom Magnus 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundDespite the vast number of weight reducing operations performed, knowledge is still scarce regarding more long term metabolic alterations caused by the operations.Aim of the studyTo investigate the relationships between various body composition as well as endocrine variables in weight stable GBP operated patients.>;Subjects and methodsFormerly GBP‐operated but weight stable women (16) and men (4)(Age 48.9 ± 8.1 y; BMI 33.1 ± 1.9 kg/m2) were admitted to the laboratory after an overnight fast. Respiratory exchange ratio (RER), body composition and several endocrine variables were analyzed. RER, waist circumference, DXA % fat, and insulin were used as main variables, and correlations were calculated with all other variables.ResultsMean fasting RER was high (0.88±0.07) and did not correlate with any other measured variable. Waist circumference was large (109±9 cm) and correlated only with BMI, RMR and fat mass. DXA % fat was high (43.8±5.6%) and correlated only with body composition values from BodPod, as well as RMR. Insulin was in the normal range (9.4±3.0 pU/L) and correlated with age, height/waist ratio, BMC, glucose and ApoB/ApoA1‐ratio.ConclusionThe correlations observed, or sometimes lack of correlation, also shows that despite being weight stable for at least three years, the GBP‐subjects still show some metabolic irregularities.
Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Food‐Based Interventions on Recovery from Moderate Acute Malnutrition in Young Children
Authors: Suri Devika , Moorthy Denish , Rosenberg Irwin 
Published: June 2021

Background and ObjectiveThe rationale of this systematic review was to examine the comparative effectiveness of lipid‐based nutrient supplements (LNS) versus fortified blended foods (FBF) in treatment of moderate acute malnutrition (MAM).Data sourcesAll published articles identified though MEDLINE® and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, from inception to July 2012.Study selectionReviewers independently selected eligible comparative studies of children under 5 with MAM. Interventions were broadly categorized as FBF or LNS.Data extractionArticle information was extracted using a standardized protocol into predesigned forms and reviewed for accuracy.Results34 out of 12,453 screened articles were accepted. Interventions ranged 8 to 16 wks. Meta‐analysis of 5 studies showed a 10% lesser recovery rate from MAM in children treated with FBF as compared with LNS (RR=0.9, 95% CI 0.8,1.01; 79.6% LNS vs 77.5% FBF). This indicates that for every 48 children that are treated with FBF rather than LNS, one child will not recover from moderate malnutrition.ConclusionsLNS is associated with a higher rate of recovery from MAM when compared with FBF. The studies on children with MAM are heterogeneous leading to dilution of comparative effect. The clinical relevance of outcomes as well as cost‐effectiveness need to be taken into consideration when interpreting the results.
Urban agglomeration and overweight prevalence in Indian urban population: Is there a link?
Authors: Chakraborty Priyanka , Mitra Chandana 
Published: June 2021

Urbanization in developing countries has become a burning issue due to its impact on health, environment and lifestyle. It has been identified as a causal indicator of easy access to fast food and physical inactivity. In India the number of Urban Agglomerations (UA) have increased from 384 to 475 (2011 Census) indicating the staggering expansion of urban areas.With this in view, the overarching goal of this study will be to determine the association between urban growth patterns in five UAs of India (Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai and Bangalore) with the extent of overweight prevalence among adults residing in these mega‐cities (women: n = 26318; age: 30.85 ± 8.75 years; men: n = 9965; age: 32.3 ± 10.05 years). We will use data from the three waves of the National Health and Family Survey (NFHS) of India ranging from 1992–2006. The three objectives will be i) to estimate the prevalence of overweight amongst adults in the five UAs; ii) to examine the correlation between population growth rate patterns within the UAs (using decadal census data), rural‐urban migration and changing socio‐economic patterns; iii) to examine the independent association between population growth rate and overweight prevalence using hierarchical regression models. The outcome of this study will emphasize the urgency to educate the urban communities about obesity/overweight issues through tailored nutrition programs.Funding: Dept of Nursing and Nutrition, State University of New York College, Plattsburgh
Healthy Eating Index‐2005 Scores and Pulmonary Function
Authors: Root Martin , Houser Shannon , Gutschall Melissa , McAnulty Lisa 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionA decline in pulmonary function is represented by decreasing FEV1/FVC (forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity). Diet is thought to impact pulmonary function.HypothesisHigher Healthy Eating Index‐2005 (HEI‐2005) scores will correlate with elevated FEV1/FVC measurements.MethodsThe analysis was conducted using the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. HEI‐2005 scores were based on food frequency questionnaire and nutrient value datasets. Multivariate linear regression was used to analyze the effect of HEI‐2005 scores on FEV1/FVC measurements while controlling for covariates.ResultsHEI‐2005 scores were not significantly correlated with FEV1/FVC. However, significant associations were observed for HEI component scores (p<0.001). FEV1/FVC was positively associated with total fruit, whole grains, milk, oils, sodium, and calories from solid fats, alcoholic beverages, and added sugars (SoFAAS) and negatively with vegetables and legumes, and meat and beans.ConclusionA correlation between HEI‐2005 scores and pulmonary function was not observed. However, FEV1/FVC was correlated with HEI‐2005 component scores, not always as expected.
Imiqualines: promising anticancer molecules binding colchicine site on tubulin
Authors: Gattacceca Florence , Courbet Alexis , El Messaoudi Safia , Khier Sonia , Constant Caroline , Bec Nicole , Larroque Christian , Pugnière Martine , Doulain Pierre‐Emmanuel , Cuq Pierre , Bonnet Pierre‐Antoine , Masquefa Carine 
Published: June 2021

Our group has developed two innovative synthesis strategies that allowed to produce a 50‐member family of Imidazo[1,2a] quinoxaline compounds, named Imiqualines. Based on their strong anticancer potency and anti‐inflammatory properties, Imiqualines have recently been patented in the USA. The aim of the present study was to explore the mechanism of action involved in the cytotoxic effect of the leader Imiqualines, EAPB0203 and EAPB0503. Leader Imiqualines blocked A375 melanoma cells in the M phase of the cell cycle, inhibited purified tubulin polymerization, disrupted tubulin network in A375 and MCF7 cell lines, and bound tubulin on the colchicine binding site, based on in silico and in vitro studies. This finding lead us to test newly synthesized Imiqualines on the in silico model of tubulin. Preliminary results showed a correlation between binding affinity and cytotoxicity, encouraging us to develop this systematic predictive approach to enhance the structure activity relationship knowledge and identify new Imiqualine leaders.Support GEFLUC, SFPO‐ANP
Effects of manganese tetrakis (4‐N‐methylpyridyl) porphyrin (MnTMPyP) on dexmedetomidine‐induced contractions in the aorta of normal and septic rats
Authors: Manio Michael Magtoto , Vanhoutte Paul M , Man Ricky Y.K. , Ng Jacobus KF 
Published: June 2021

Study ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of peroxynitrite scavenging on dexmedetomidine‐induced contractions of the rat aorta after acute in vivo exposure to lipopolysaccharide. (LPS)MethodologyMale SD rats (eight to ten weeks old) were injected intraperitoneally with (1mg/kg) of LPS or normal saline. Two hours later, their aortas were harvested. Aortic rings were suspended for isometric tension recording in organ chambers and incubated with vehicle, L‐NAME (100 uM), indomethacin (10 uM), 1400W (10uM), and the peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst manganese tetrakis (4‐N‐methylpyridyl) porphyrin (MnTMPyP) (10uM). Concentration‐contraction curves to dexmedetomidine (10nM to 10uM) were obtained. Plasma cytokine concentrations were measured before and after the administration of LPS. The expression of iNOS and 3‐nitrotyrosine were measured using immunofluorescence and Western blotting.ResultsLPS treatment attenuated dexmedetomidine‐induced contractions after acute in vivo exposure to LPS and in the presence of MnTMPyP and 1400W, in aortic rings without endothelium. TNF‐á and IL‐6 were increased after 2 hours of LPS.ConclusionThese data indicate that LPS attenuates the contractile responses to dexmedetomidine and ex vivo treatment with MnTMPyP and 1400W. Circulating endotoxin induces the release of the cytokines TNF‐á and IL‐6 after two hours.
Characterization of different Dexamethasone side effects along time and its possible mechanisms
Authors: Amaral Sandra Lia , Souza Lidiane Moreira , Constantino Paula Bessi , Martuscelli Aline Mio 
Published: June 2021

We investigated the time‐dependent side effects of dexamethasone (Dexa) treatment and its possible mechanisms. Forty Wistar rats were treated with Dexa or saline for 1, 3, 5, and 10 days (0.5 mg/kg per day, i.p.). The role of Renin‐Angiotensin System (RAS) was tested using Enalapril treatment (100mg/kg, 10 days). Bodyweight (BW), fasting glucose, food intake, cholesterol (Chol) and tail blood pressure (BP) were measured. Western Blot detected eNOS, VEGF, AMPKα2 and PI3Kinase protein production in tibialis anterior muscle (TA). Food intake decreased from day 1 (−28%) up to day 10 (−35%). BW was significantly reduced after 5 days of treatment (−20%). Glucose increased since the first day (27%, 44%, 64%, 57%, for 1, 3, 5, 10 days, p<0.05). Chol increased since the 1st day and returned to control on day 10. Tail BP was significantly higher on days 3 and 5 (+12%) and returned to basal levels on day 10. Enalapril attenuated the increase of BP induced by Dexa. AMPKα2 but not PI3kinase protein production was significantly reduced (25%) since the first day of drug administration. Dexa down‐regulated VEGF and eNOS protein production from day 5 on. These results suggest that a single dose of Dexa (24h) can alter carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and the mechanism involves CaMKK production and lipolysis. The maintenance of treatment affects hemodynamic, which may be partially mediated by eNOS, VEGF and RAS.Financial support: FAPESP
Protective effects of loading combined with astaxanthin on capillary regression of disused muscle
Authors: Kanazashi Miho , Tanaka Minoru , Tanaka Masayuki , Kondo Hiroyo , Murakami Shinichiro , Fujita Naoto , Fujino Hidemi 
Published: June 2021

PURPOSEDisuse‐induced muscle atrophy and capillary regression in skeletal muscle are related to overexpression of oxidative stress caused mitochondrial dysfunction. The purpose of the present study was to identify the effect of loading combined with astaxanthin on capillary regression of the soleus muscle induced by hindlimb unloading.METHODSThirty‐five adult male rats were divided into control, hindlimb unloading (HU), HU+astaxanthin (Ax), HU+loading (Lo) and HU+Ax+Lo groups.RESULTSHU resulted in a decreased muscle mass and capillary regression. The loading attenuated the muscle atrophy, which increased the ROS and SOD‐1, resulting in a capillary regression. The combination of loading and astaxanthin attenuated the overexpression of oxidative stress. In addition, the combination increased the expression of e‐NOS, PGC‐1α and succinate dehydrogenase activity, reflecting a protective effect of mitochondrial function and the architecture of capillary network.CONCLUSIONLoading combined with astaxanthin is effective in preventing capillary regression in the soleus muscle induced by hindlimb unloading. Supported by Grants‐in‐Aid for Science Research from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.
Effects of microgravity on immune function: benzofuran‐2‐carboxylic acid derivative as a countermeasure (1010.14)
Authors: Osborne Amanda , Agee Joshua , Scott Ansley , Shenwu Ming , Sundaresan Alamelu , Marriott Karla , Bhuiyan Shakhawat , Wilkins Richard , Gersey Brad , Denkins Pamela , Williams Willie , Mao Jinghe 
Published: June 2021

Microgravity, or zero gravity, suppresses immune function and threatens the health of those exposed to it. Astronauts are especially exposed to microgravity during spaceflight. With more and longer voyages through outer space occurring, it is imperative to develop countermeasures to prevent these effects. These countermeasures include a Benzofuran‐2‐carboxylic acid derivative, KMEG. Initial findings suggest KMEG increases cell proliferation and immune function. The hypothesis states: KMEG treated macrophages exposed to simulated microgravity will show an increase in immune function compared to those not treated and exposed to simulated microgravity. A bioreactor was used to simulate microgravity for at least 48 hours. The genes involved in the Stress & Toxicity PathwayFinder were examined using RT2 ProfilerTM PCR Array. Compared to non‐treated macrophages, the gene expression profiles showed a decrease in the expression of DNA damaging and repair genes and oxidative stress genes of the KMEG treated macrophages. Inflammation genes were more expressed in KMEG treated macrophages. The apoptosis signaling gene was down‐regulated in KMEG treated macrophages, while it was up‐regulated in non‐treated macrophages. Therefore, KMEG could help alleviate the immune system suppression caused by microgravity.Grant Funding Source: Supported by ISS Project (UR) 1 (NNX13AK89A) and NASA EPSCoR (NNX12AK85A)
Effects of tributyltin exposures on secretion of interleukin 1 beta from human immune cells (1012.1)
Authors: Brown Shyretha , Whalen Margaret 
Published: June 2021

Tributyltin (TBT) is an organotin compound used as a biocide in a variety of industrial applications such as wood preservation and as an antifungal. It has been found in human blood samples. Interleukin 1 beta (IL‐1β) is produced by monocytes and macrophages and promotes cell growth, tissue repair, and regulates immune response. IL‐1β appears to increase the invasiveness of certain tumors. The aim of the current study is to determine if exposures to TBT modify secretion of IL‐1β from increasingly reconstituted preparations of human immune cells. TBT concentrations of 25 to 200 nM at 24h, 48h, or 6 days were examined in highly enriched human NK cells, monocyte‐depleted human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), PBMCs, granulocytes, and a combination of PBMCs and granulocytes. IL‐1β was measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results show TBT alters IL‐1β secretion from all cells preparations. 200 nM concentrations of TBT blocked the secretion of IL‐1β, while lower concentrations of TBT elevated secretion of IL‐1β. Concentrations and lengths of exposure to TBT that caused statistically significant increases in IL‐1β secretion from human immune cells varied from one donor to the next. The data indicates that TBT‐induced alterations of IL‐1β secretion from immune cells may be a significant consequence of TBT exposures that may potentially affect immune competence and cancer invasiveness.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH grant 5U54CA163066‐02
Nutrition education for medical students: 4th year transition to residency for primary care (1020.3)
Authors: Edwards Marilyn 
Published: June 2021

Nutrition Education for Medical Students: 4th Year Transition to Residency for Primary CareMarilyn S. Edwards, Ph.D., R.D., Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX 77030Objectives: 1. To provide medical students the skills for counseling patients on effective diet and lifestyle modification for obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease.2. To develop competency in the assessment of physical activity and writing a prescription for appropriate exercise for patients.3. To develop skills to initiate a physician referral for Medical Nutrition Therapy.Methods: Participants in a 2‐hour Transition to Residency Nutrition Workshop use the interactive web‐based Nutrition in Medicine (NIM) short courses to develop clinical skills for assessing and counseling patients. Students begin with the 5 Stages of Change for patient counseling and develop specific skills relevant to patients with obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Students assess whether patients meet physical activity guidelines, address barriers, and write a prescription for physical activity. The workshop concludes with students developing skills to initiate a physician referral for Medical Nutrition Therapy including diagnosis code, relevant medications and lab values.Results: Evaluations from 4th year medical students indicate that a hands‐on interactive workshop reinforces their nutrition knowledge and clinical skills relevant to chronic disease and is essential in preparing for residency programs in internal medicine, family medicine, and ob/gyn.Conclusions: Given the limited curriculum time devoted to teaching nutrition to medical students, a critical time in the training of physicians comes just prior to starting a residency program. At the University of Texas Medical School at Houston, an opportunity is provided for students to reinforce their clinical nutrition skills and to successfully counsel patients.
Rapid weight gain through age 4 y is associated with increased adiposity, higher blood pressure and insulin alterations at 4‐5 y (1024.14)
Authors: Ramírez‐Silva Claudia , Rivera‐Dommarco Juan , Trejo‐Valdivia Belem , Martorell Reynaldo , Stein Aryeh , Ramakrishnan Usha , Romieu Isabelle , Barraza‐Villarreal Albino 
Published: June 2021

To evaluate the relationship between rapid weight gain (RWG) in selected periods between 1‐48 mo with adiposity, blood pressure and insulin levels at 4‐5 y of age, we studied 449 offspring of Mexican women who participated in a randomized trial in which women were supplemented with 400 mg/d DHA or placebo from mid‐pregnancy to parturition. Insulin from non‐fasting blood was obtained at 4 y, and anthropometry and blood pressure were obtained at 5 y. RWG was defined as an increase of 蠅+1.0 Z‐score weight‐for‐height within the age periods 0‐6, 6‐12, 12‐24 and 24‐48 mo. We used multivariate multiple linear models, with adjustment for DHA treatment and confounding variables (socioeconomic level, BMI of the mother during pregnancy, maternal schooling, breastfeeding at 3mo, hours of fasting, sex and height of the child). Relative to children without RWG, those with RWG at each period had higher BMI (differences ranged from 0.42 to 0.89Kg/m2; all p <0.01), sum‐of‐skinfold (range 1.1 to 3.6mm; all p<0.01) and abdominal circumference (range 1.2 to 3.8 cm; all p<0.01) at 5 y; RWG in any period from 6‐48 mo was associated with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure (ranges 1.2 to 1.8 mmHg and 0.9 to 1.2 mmHg; all p<0.05, respectively) at 5 y. RWG in any period from 12‐48 mo was associated with 13% higher insulin levels (p<0.05) at 4 y. Children with RWG during the first 4 y had higher risk of adiposity and cardiometabolic alterations at 4‐5 y.Grant Funding Source: NIH (HD058818; HDO43099), Mexico (CONACYT Grant number SALUD‐2008‐01‐87121).