bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methane mitigation is associated with reduced abundance of methanogenic and methanotrophic communities in paddy soils continuously sub-irrigated with treated wastewater
Authors: Phung Luc Duc , Miyazawa Masaaki , Pham Dung Viet , Nishiyama Masateru , Masuda Shuhei , Takakai Fumiaki , Watanabe Toru 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHerein, we examined emissions of CH4 and the community structures of methanogenic archaea and methanotrophic bacteria in paddy soils subjected to a novel irrigation system, namely continuous sub-irrigation with treated wastewater (TWW). This system has recently been developed by our group to effectively reuse TWW for the cultivation of protein-rich rice. The results showed that, despite not using mineral fertilisers, the wastewater reuse system produced a rice yield comparable to that of a conventional cultivation practice and reduced CH4 emissions from paddy fields by 80%. Continuous sub-irrigation with TWW significantly inhibited the growth of methanogens in the lower soil layer during the reproductive stage of rice plants, which was strongly consistent with the effective CH4 mitigation, resulting in a vast reduction in the abundance of methanotrophs in the upper soil layer. The compositions of the examined microbial communities were not particularly affected by the studied cultivation practices. Overall, this study demonstrated that continuous sub-irrigation with TWW was an effective method to produce high rice yield and simultaneously reduce CH4 emissions from paddy fields, and it also highlighted the potential underlying microbial mechanisms of the greenhouse gas mitigation.
The PsbS protein and low pH are necessary and sufficient to induce quenching in the light-harvesting complex of plants LHCII
Authors: Nicol Lauren , Croce Roberta 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPhotosynthesis is tightly regulated in order to withstand dynamic light environments. Under high light intensities, a mechanism known as non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) dissipates excess excitation energy, protecting the photosynthetic machinery from damage. An obstacle that lies in the way of understanding the molecular mechanism of NPQ is the large gap between in vitro and in vivo studies. On the one hand, the complexity of the photosynthetic membrane makes it challenging to obtain molecular information from in vivo experiments. On the other hand, a suitable in vitro system for the study of quenching is not available. Here we have developed a minimal NPQ system using proteoliposomes. With this, we demonstrate that the combination of low pH and PsbS is both necessary and sufficient to induce quenching in LHCII, the main antenna complex of plants. This proteoliposome system can be further exploited to gain more insight into how PsbS and other factors (e.g. zeaxanthin) influence the quenching mechanism observed in LHCII.
Adhering interacting cells to two opposing coverslips allows super-resolution imaging of cell-cell interfaces
Authors: Sajman Julia , Razvag Yair , Schidorsky Shachar , Kinrot Seon , Hermon Kobi , Yakovian Oren , Sherman Eilon 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCell-cell interfaces convey mechanical and chemical information in multicellular systems. Microscopy has revealed intricate structure of such interfaces, yet typically with limited resolution due to diffraction and unfavourable orthogonal orientation of the interface to the coverslip. We present a simple and robust way to align cell-cell interfaces in parallel to the coverslip by adhering the interacting cells to two opposing coverslips. We demonstrate high-quality diffraction-limited and super-resolution imaging of interfaces (immune-synapses) between fixed and live CD8+ T-cells and either antigen presenting cells or melanoma cells. Imaging methods include bright-field, confocal, STED, dSTORM, SOFI, SRRF and large-scale tiled images. The low background, lack of aberrations and enhanced spatial stability of our method relative to existing cell-trapping techniques allow use of these methods. We expect that the simplicity and wide-compatibility of our approach will allow its wide dissemination for super-resolving the intricate structure and molecular organization in a variety of cell-cell interfaces.
2,5-Hexanedione induced apoptosis in rat spinal cord neurons and VSC4.1 cells via the proNGF/p75NTR and JNK pathways
Authors: Luo Mengxin , Shi Xiaoxia , Guo Qi , Li Shuangyue , Zhang Qing , Sun Xiuyan , Piao Fengyuan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that n-hexane induces nerve injury via neuronal apoptosis induced by its active metabolite 2,5-hexanedione (HD). However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Studies have confirmed that pro-nerve growth factor (proNGF), a precursor of mature nerve growth factor (mNGF), might activate apoptotic signaling by binding to p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) in neurons. Therefore, we studied the mechanism of the proNGF/p75NTR pathway in HD-induced neuronal apoptosis. Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were injected with 400 mg/kg HD once a day for 5 weeks, and VSC4.1 cells were treated with 10, 20, and 40 mM HD in vitro. Results showed that HD effectively induced neuronal apoptosis. Moreover, it up-regulated proNGF and p75NTR levels, activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and c-Jun, and disrupted the balance between B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax). Our findings revealed that the proNGF/p75NTR signaling pathway was involved in HD-induced neuronal apoptosis; it can serve as a theoretical basis for further exploration of the neurotoxic mechanisms of HD.
Expression level of long non-coding RNA colon adenocarcinoma hypermethylated serves as a novel prognostic biomarker in patients with thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Xiao Yong , Tu Youbing , Li Yuantao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The present study attempts to identify the prognostic value and potential mechanism of action of colorectal adenocarcinoma hypermethylated (CAHM) in thyroid carcinoma (THCA) by using the RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The functional mechanism of CAHM was explored by using RNA-seq dataset and multiple functional enrichment analysis approaches. Connectivity map (CMap) online analysis tool was also used to predict CAHM targeted drugs. Survival analysis suggests that THCA patients with high CAHM expression have lower risk of death than the low CAHM expression (log-rank P=0.022, adjusted P=0.011, HR = 0.187, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.051–0.685). Functional enrichment of CAHM co-expression genes suggests that CAHM may play a role in the following biological processes: DNA repair, cell adhesion, DNA replication, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2, ErbB and thyroid hormone signaling pathways. Functional enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between low- and high-CAHM phenotype suggests that different CAHM expression levels may have the following differences in biological processes in THCA: cell adhesion, cell proliferation, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1 (ERK1) and ERK2 cascade, G-protein coupled receptor, chemokine and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-Akt signaling pathways. Connectivity map have identified five drugs (levobunolol, NU-1025, quipazine, anisomycin and sulfathiazole) for CAHM targeted therapy in THCA. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) suggest that low CAHM phenotype were notably enriched in p53, nuclear factor κB, Janus kinase-signal transducer and activators of transcription, tumor necrosis factor, epidermal growth factor receptor and other signaling pathways. In the present study, we have identified that CAHM may serve as novel prognostic biomarkers for predicting overall survival (OS) in patients with THCA.
Optimal demand response strategy of commercial building‐based virtual power plant using reinforcement learning
Authors: Chen Tao , Cui Qiushi , Gao Ciwei , Hu Qinran , Lai Kexing , Yang Jianlin , Lyu Ran , Zhang Hao , Zhang Jinyuan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the optimal demand response strategy of a commercial building‐based virtual power plant with real‐world implementation in heavily urbanised area is studied. Instead of modelling the decision‐making process as an optimisation problem, a reinforcement learning method is used to seek the optimal strategy, which could update its performance with minimal manpower manipulation. Specifically, the data collection from several commercial buildings, including hotel, shopping mall and office, in Huangpu district, Shanghai city is analysed to deploy the demand response program. Compared with the conventional demand response strategy based on optimisation, the learnt strategy does not rely on the forecasting information as input and could adapt to the changing demand response incentive automatically. It may not produce the best result every time, but can guarantee the benefit in a non‐deterministic way in long‐term operation. The real‐world deployment of the Huangpu virtual power plant involving hardware and software platform is also introduced, as well as its future development projection.
Jointly human semantic parsing and attribute recognition with feature pyramid structure in EfficientNets
Authors: Moghaddam Mahnaz , Charmi Mostafa , Hassanpoor Hossein 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPedestrian attributes recognition is an important issue in computer vision and has a special role in the field of video surveillance. The previous methods presented to solve this issue are mainly based on multi‐label end‐to‐end deep neural networks. These methods neglect to apply attributes for defining local feature areas and they suffer from the problems of the bounding box presence. A new framework for jointly human semantic parsing and pedestrian attribute recognition to achieve effective attribute recognition is proposed. By extracting human parts via semantic parsing, both semantic and spatial information can be explored with eliminating of background. The framework also uses multi‐scale features to employ rich details and contextual information through proposed attribute recognition‐bidirectional feature pyramid network. For baseline network that has a significant impact on the performance, EfficientNet‐B3 is selected as a baseline network from The EfficientNet family which provides an appropriate trade‐off between the three factors of CNNs scaling (depth/width/resolution). Finally, the proposed framework is tested on datasets PETA, RAP and PA‐100k. Experimental results show that our method has superior performance in both mean accuracy and instance‐based metrics compared to state‐of‐the‐art results.
Pd(II)-Catalyzed Directing-Group-Aided C–H Arylation and Alkylation of Pyrene Core: Synthesis of C1,C2- and C1,C10-Disubstituted Pyrene Motifs
Authors: Babu Srinivasarao Arulananda , Dalal Arup 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe report the application of the Pd(II)-catalyzed, directing-group-aided C–H arylation/alkylation tactics to functionalize the pyrene core, especially, the relatively inaccessible C2 and K-region C10 positions of the pyrene core and augmentation of the library of pyrene derivatives with C1,C2- and C1,C10-disubstituted pyrene motifs. The Pd(II)-catalyzed β-C–H arylation/alkylation of the C2-position of pyrene-1-carboxamide possessing an 8-aminoquinoline directing group yielded various C1,C2-disubstituted pyrenes. Similarly, the Pd(II)-catalyzed selective γ-C–H arylation/alkylation of the C10-position of N-(pyren-1-yl)picolinamide, possessing a picolinamide directing group, yielded various C1,C10-disubstituted pyrenes. Examples of C(9)–H arylation of pyrene-1-carboxamide and the removal of the directing group after the C–H arylation/alkylation reactions were also shown. The structures of representative pyrene derivatives were confirmed by the X-ray structure analysis. Given the importance of the pyrene derivatives in various fields of chemical sciences, this report is a contribution towards augmentation of the library of pyrene derivatives with C1,C2- and C1,C10-disubstituted pyrene amide motifs.
Peri-Selective Direct Acylmethylation and Amidation of Naphthalene Derivatives Using Iridium and Rhodium Catalysts
Authors: Nishii Yuji , Miura Masahiro , Kona Chandrababu Naidu , Oku Rikuto 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAn iridium-catalyzed acylmethylation and a rhodium-catalyzed amidation of naphthalene derivatives are reported, adopting sulfoxonium ylides and dioxazolones as carbene and nitrene transfer agents, respectively. The use of SMe group as a directing group was key to ensure the peri-selective functionalization, and it can be easily removed or diversely transformed to other synthetically useful functionalities after the catalysis.
Pivotal Reactions in the Creation of the Polycyclic Skeleton of Cryptotrione
Authors: Wong Henry N. C. , Peng Xiao-Shui , Zhong Zhuliang , Lyu Mao-Yun , Ma Hao-Ran 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThree pivotal reactions, namely, enyne cycloisomerization, polyene cyclization, and quinone methide formation, are applied to synthesize the complex polycyclic skeleton of cryptotrione. This review summarizes the most prominent applications of these three reactions to the total syntheses of natural products, covering results published in the literature between 2011 and 2020.1	Introduction2	Three Pivotal Reactions Applied to Create the Polycyclic Framework of Cryptotrione2.1	Enyne Cycloisomerization2.2	Polyene Cyclization2.3	Quinone Methide Formation3	Conclusion
A Child with Lymphangioma of Tongue Treated with Constitutional Homoeopathy Medicine—A Rare Case Report
Authors: Parveen Suraia , Ali SK Mahasin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLymphangiomas are rare benign hamartoma tumours resulting from a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system that are commonly seen in the head and neck region and are rare in the oral cavity. In intraoral lymphangioma, the tongue is the most affected site and shows multiple blister-like nodules with red or purple translucent vesicles on the anterior two-third of ventral and dorsal surface of tongue. Patients with lymphangioma of tongue are associated with difficulties in feeding and mastication, speech disturbances, bleeding from tongue surface, burning sensation of tongue, poor oral hygiene, dental problem and macroglossia. They are usually diagnosed in infancy and early childhood. In conventional method, surgical excision is the treatment of choice but recurrences and postoperative complications are common. Here, we present one such rare case of intraoral lymphangioma involving the tongue of a 4 years old male child who was successfully treated with constitutional homoeopathic medicine Tuberculinum.
Osteossíntese de fraturas do colo do metacarpo com parafuso autocompressivo - Análise preliminar de 21 casos
Authors: Folberg Celso Ricardo , Alves Jairo André de Oliveira , Cadore Otávio Pereira , Sirena Fernando Maurente 
Published: April 2021

Resumo
Objetivo O presente estudo visa analisar os resultados clínicos do tratamento cirúrgico das fraturas de colo do metacarpo com fixação intramedular retrógrada utilizando parafusos canulados sem cabeça (tipo Herbert).
Métodos Estudo retrospectivo de 21 fraturas fechadas desviadas do colo do metacarpo em 21 pacientes operados entre abril de 2015 e novembro de 2018.
Resultados A casuística incluiu 19 homens e 2 mulheres. Os mecanismos causadores do trauma foram soco, queda ao solo e acidente com veículo motorizado (n = 14, 5 e 2). Os metacarpos acometidos foram o V, III e II (n = 19, 1 e 1). As indicações cirúrgicas foram angulação colo-diáfise do metacarpo > 30° para os II e III metacarpos e > 40° para o V metacarpo, encurtamento ≥ 5mm, desvio rotacional e o desejo do paciente de não utilizar imobilização gessada. No pós-operatório imediato, os pacientes permaneceram sem imobilização e orientados a mobilizar os dedos conforme tolerância. Todos os pacientes ficaram com mobilidade ativa total > 240° e retornaram às suas antigas ocupações. Todas fraturas consolidaram e não houve reintervenções.
Discussão As grandes vantagens da técnica com parafuso sem cabeça são sua baixa morbidade, estabilidade suficiente para não precisar de imobilização externa e reprodutibilidade com baixo custo.
Conclusão Esta é uma técnica fácil, rápida, e que apresenta ótimos resultados para o tratamento cirúrgico das fraturas deslocadas do colo dos metacarpos.
Artroplastia total na lesão complexa do cotovelo
Authors: Rezende Ricardo Fernandes , Gajo Marcela de Melo , Costa Sérgio Moreira da , Lazarini Rafael Fuchs , Carvalho Junior Antonio Enéas Rangel de , Almeida Filho Ildeu Afonso de 
Published: April 2021

ResumoOs autores apresentam um caso atípico de fratura complexa do cotovelo esquerdo com perda extensa de tecido ósseo e muscular. O paciente foi submetido a diversos procedimentos cirúrgicos, que resultaram em uma artroplastia total do cotovelo esquerdo associada à reconstrução do tríceps com enxerto do tendão do músculo semitendíneo.
Luxação distal isolada do pisiforme: Relato de caso
Authors: Dias Rafael , Alves-da-Silva Teresa , Martinho Carlos , Guerra-Pinto Francisco 
Published: April 2021

ResumoA luxação isolada do pisiforme é uma lesão rara com poucos casos descritos na literatura. Esse tipo de lesão é observado tipicamente em adultos jovens do sexo masculino e pode ser facilmente negligenciada numa primeira avaliação. A luxação proximal isolada é mais comum devido à ação do flexor ulnar do carpo (FUC).Apresentamos o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, com 19 anos de idade, com luxação distal isolada do pisiforme após traumatismo do punho. O paciente foi submetido a uma redução aberta e fixação interna com fios de Kirschner com excelente resultado funcional.Apesar de não existir um método de tratamento consensual, a redução fechada perfila-se como tratamento de primeira linha na apresentação aguda. Em caso de insucesso ou como método alternativo pode-se optar pela redução aberta ou a excisão do pisiforme.
Three-Dimensional Human Neural Stem Cell Models to Mimic Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans and the Neural Niche
Authors: Peall Ian W. , Okolicsanyi Rachel K. , Griffiths Lyn R. , Haupt Larisa M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHeparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are a diverse family of polysaccharides, consisting of a core protein with glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains attached. The heterogeneous GAG side-chain carbohydrates consist of repeating disaccharides, with each side chain possessing a specific sulfation pattern. It is the variable sulfation pattern that allows HSPGs to interact with numerous ligands including growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, morphogens, extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoproteins, collagens, enzymes, and lipases. HSPGs are classified according to their localization within an individual cell, and include the membrane bound syndecans (SDCs) and glypicans (GPCs), with perlecan, agrin, and type-XVIII collagen secreted into the ECM. The stem cell niche is defined as the environment that circumscribes stem cells when they are in their naïve state, and includes the ECM, which provides a complex contribution to various biological processes during development and throughout life. These contributions include facilitating cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, differentiation, specification, and cell survival. In contrast, HSPGs play an anticoagulant role in thrombosis through being present on the luminal surface of cells, while also playing roles in the stimulation and inhibition of angiogenesis, highlighting their varied and systemic roles in cellular control. To fully understand the complexities of cell-cell and cell–matrix interactions, three-dimensional (3D) models such as hydrogels offer researchers exciting opportunities, such as controllable 3D in vitro environments, that more readily mimic the in vivo/in situ microenvironment. This review examines our current knowledge of HSPGs in the stem cell niche, human stem cell models, and their role in the development of 3D models that mimic the in vivo neural ECM.
Zurich Cementless Dual Mobility Cup for Canine Total Hip Prosthesis: Implant Characteristics and Surgical Outcome in 105 Cases
Authors: Lanz Otto I. , Forzisi Ida , Vezzoni Aldo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDislocation after total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains a troublesome complication, and a source of frustration for the owner and the surgeon. The dislocation rate of hip prostheses in dogs is reported to range from 4 to 15%, representing the most common short-term complication. This is especially true in large and giant breed dogs, usually requiring revision surgery. With the increase in the number of THA being performed in veterinary surgery, reducing or preventing complications such as postoperative THA dislocation will be of paramount importance. The Zurich cementless dual mobility (DM) system allows impingement-free range of angulation of 80 to 132 degrees between the ceramic head and the polyether ether ketone (PEEK) cup when combined with the range of the PEEK cup in the outer metal cup. In this article, we review the use of the DM cup in THA in large and giant breed dogs, in terms of its history, biomechanics, outcomes and complications based on 105 cases.
Emerging Roles of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Viral Pathogenesis
Authors: Koganti Raghuram , Memon Abdullah , Shukla Deepak 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHeparan sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan present in nearly all mammalian tissues. Heparan sulfate moieties are attached to the cell surface via heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) which are composed of a protein core bound to multiple heparan sulfate chains. HSPGs contribute to the structural integrity of the extracellular matrix and participate in cell signaling by releasing bound cytokines and chemokines once cleaved by an enzyme, heparanase. HSPGs are often exploited by viruses during infection, particularly during attachment and egress. Loss or inhibition of HSPGs initially during infection can yield significant decreases in viral entry and infectivity. In this review, we provide an overview of HSPGs in the lifecycle of multiple viruses, including herpesviruses, human immunodeficiency virus, dengue virus, human papillomavirus, and coronaviruses.
Quality of Life among Middle and Secondary School Children with Epilepsy
Authors: Pachange Priyanka Narayanrao , Dixit J. V. , C. Arjun M. , Goel Akhil Dhanesh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives Epilepsy is a leading cause of disability in school-going children. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of epilepsy in middle and secondary school children and to assess their quality of life (QOL).

Materials and Methods This was a cross-sectional study done in schools under the municipal corporation area of Latur Taluka, Maharashtra. At school, children were screened for epilepsy and the positive children were visited at home. Children with confirmed epilepsy were used to calculate prevalence. The QOL of children diagnosed to have epilepsy was assessed using Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy Questionnaire (QOLCE-55) version 1.0.

Statistical Analysis Mean scores in scales and subscales of QOLCE-55 were calculated. Association between variables was analyzed using unpaired/independent t-test and analysis of variance. Statistically significance was fixed for a p-value less than 0.05.

Results Prevalence of epilepsy in middle and secondary school children was found to be 3.20 per 1000. In QOLCE-55, physical functioning was the most compromised, with the lowest mean QOL score (mean = 58.3, standard deviation = 20.66). Present age of the child, age at the first seizure episode, and time interval since last seizure had a statistically significant relation with QOL. The treatment gap was found to be 70.4%.

Conclusions Assessment of QOL in children with epilepsy is important for effective and comprehensive management of epilepsy.