bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are responders to patient health surveys representative of those invited to participate? An analysis of the Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Pilot from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry
Authors: Harris Ian A. , Cashman Kara , Lorimer Michelle , Peng Yi , Ackerman Ilana , Heath Emma , Graves Stephen E. 
Published: July 2021

Background
Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are commonly used to evaluate surgical outcome in patients undergoing joint replacement surgery, however routine collection from the target population is often incomplete. Representative samples are required to allow inference from the sample to the population. Although higher capture rates are desired, the extent to which this improves the representativeness of the sample is not known. We aimed to measure the representativeness of data collected using an electronic PROMs capture system with or without telephone call follow up, and any differences in PROMS reporting between electronic and telephone call follow up.

Methods
Data from a pilot PROMs program within a large national joint replacement registry were examined. Telephone call follow up was used for people that failed to respond electronically. Data were collected pre-operatively and at 6 months post-operatively. Responding groups (either electronic only or electronic plus telephone call follow up) were compared to non-responders based on patient characteristics (joint replaced, bilaterality, age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) score and Body Mass Index (BMI)) using chi squared test or ANOVA, and PROMs for the two responder groups were compared using generalised linear models adjusted for age and sex. The analysis was restricted to those undergoing primary elective hip, knee or shoulder replacement for osteoarthritis.

Results
Pre-operatively, 73.2% of patients responded electronically and telephone follow-up of non-responders increased this to 91.4%. Pre-operatively, patients responding electronically, compared to all others, were on average younger, more likely to be female, and healthier (lower ASA score). Similar differences were found when telephone follow up was included in the responding group. There were little (if any) differences in the post-operative comparisons, where electronic responders were on average one year younger and were more likely to have a lower ASA score compared to those not responding electronically, but there was no significant difference in sex or BMI. PROMs were similar between those reporting electronically and those reporting by telephone.

Conclusion
Patients undergoing total joint replacement who provide direct electronic PROMs data are younger, healthier and more likely to be female than non-responders, but these differences are small, particularly for post-operative data collection. The addition of telephone call follow up to electronic contact does not provide a more representative sample. Electronic-only follow up of patients undergoing joint replacement provides a satisfactory representation of the population invited to participate.
Leptin and advanced glycation end products receptor (RAGE) in tuberculosis patients
Authors: Lazzari Tássia Kirchmann , Cavalheiro Erika , Coutinho Sandra Eugênia , da Silva Lívia Fontes , Silva Denise Rossato 
Published: July 2021

Introduction
The pathogenesis of consumptive syndrome of tuberculosis (TB) is largely unknown. Leptin concentrations may be high because of the host’s inflammatory response, contributing to weight loss in patients with TB. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is also associated with weight loss in patients with TB and is related to enhanced mortality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between leptin and AGE/RAGE.

Methods
Case-control study. Leptin, AGE (carboxymethyl lysine, CML) and soluble RAGE (sRAGE) were measured from blood samples by ELISA.

Results
We included in the study 34 patients with TB and 34 controls. We found an inverse correlation between serum leptin levels and sRAGE, only in cases (r = -0.609, p < 0.0001). sRAGE levels were lower in patients with TB who died as compared with patients who survive (21.90 ± 4.24 pg/mL vs 66.14 ± 29.49 pg/mL; p = 0.045). Leptin levels were higher in patients with TB who died as compared with patients who survive (14.11 [7.48–14.11] ng/mL vs 3.08 [0.54–6.34] ng/mL; p = 0.028).

Conclusions
We identified lower sRAGE levels and higher leptin levels in patients with TB who died as compared with patients who survive. In addition, an inverse and significant correlation between serum leptin and sRAGE levels was demonstrated. Future studies, with a larger sample size and in different settings, including not only hospitalized patients, are needed to confirm these findings.
Managing Organizational Communication in Tourism Industry. The Case of Kosovo
Authors: MEHA Arbresha , ZEQIRI Flamur 
Published: July 2021

The main purpose of this paper is to explore the definition of the tourism industry and to examine the forms and importance of managing organizational communication in the tourism industry. Organizational communication deals with the interaction, coordination between individuals in a group, company, or organization. Effective communication results in problem-solving and decision-making at the organizational level.
Communication skills regulate behavior and create motivation among people. Motivation is an important part and factor of behavior and should be part of a communication process.
To successfully manage communication network and be effective, it must include training and guidance, and that the information is accurate in a timely manner in order to resolve and prevent potential conflicts.
The tourism industry brings many economic benefits, jobs and raises the image of the country, and through tourism the country can be recognized and promoted by attracting foreign tourists. The tourism industry is the combination of all sectors related to tourism, a combination of hotels and facilities for accommodation, entertainment, business, and other purposes, so it interacts with many sectors of the economy.
MATHEMATICAL EXPANSION OF SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY ONTO ACCELERATIONS
Authors: Czajko Jakub 
Published: July 2021

The special theory of relativity (STR) is operationally expanded onto orthogonal accelerations: normal and binormal that complement the instantaneous tangential speed and thus can be structurally extended into operationally complete 4D spacetime without defying the STR. Thus the former classic Lorentz factor, which defines proper time differential can be expanded onto within a trihedron moving in the Frenet frame (T,N,B). Since the tangential speed which was formerly assumed as being always constant, expands onto effective normal and binormal speeds ensuing from the normal and binormal accelerations, the expanded formula conforms to the former Lorentz factor. The obvious though previously overlooked fact that in order to change an initial speed one must apply accelerations (or decelerations, which are reverse accelerations), made the Einstein’s STR incomplete for it did not apply to nongravitational selfpropelled motion. Like a toy car lacking accelerator pedal, the STR could drive nowhere. Yet some scientists were teaching for over 115 years that the incomplete STR is just fine by pretending that gravity should take care of the absent accelerator. But gravity could not drive cars along even surface of earth. Gravity could only pull the car down along with the physics that peddled the nonsense while suppressing attempts at its rectification. The expanded formula neither defies the STR nor the general theory of relativity (GTR) which is just radial theory of gravitation. In fact, the expanded formula complements the STR and thus it supplements the GTR too. The famous Hafele-Keating experiments virtually confirmed the validity of the expanded formula proposed here.
Glucocorticoids protect HEI-OC1 cells from tunicamycin-induced cell damage via inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Liu Zhibiao , Fei Bing , Xie Lisheng , Liu Jin , Chen Xiaorui , Zhu Wenyan , Lv Lingyun , Ma Wei , Gao Ziwen , Hou Jie , She Wandong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
To analyze mechanisms of action of glucocorticoid treatment for endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), we aimed to evaluate the expression and activation status of the protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK)–C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) pathway, which is the major pathway in the ERS.

Methods
In the present study, we established an in vitro ERS model using tunicamycin-treated hair-cell-like HEI-OC1 cells. The effect of dexamethasone on proliferation inhibition, apoptosis, and ATF4–CHOP pathway in HEI-OC1 cells was examined by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, western blotting, and reverse transcription PCR, respectively.

Results
In HEI-OC1 cells, dexamethasone was shown to significantly reduce the tunicamycin-induced expression of ATF4 and CHOP in the context of sustained viability and proliferation, a therapeutic effect that was reversible by co-treatment with a glucocorticoid antagonist.

Conclusion
Dexamethasone can protect hair-cell-like HEI-OC1 cells from ERS damage, which may be one of the mechanisms of action for GCs in SNHL treatment.
Formulation and characterization of Eleutherine palmifolia extract-loaded self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS)
Authors: Annisa Rahmi , Yuwono Mochammad , Hendradi Esti 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to determine the effect of different components and ratios of oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant on E. palmifolia extract-loaded SNEDDS.

Methods

E. palmifolia extract loaded SNEDDS was formulated from virgin coconut oil, Miglyol 812 as oil, using Tween 80 and Transcutol as surfactants, as well as propylene glycol and PEG 400 as cosurfactants. The optimization design formula consisted of eight design formulas in five ratio formulas, thus a total of 40 formulas were optimized using different components and ratios of oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant. These ratios used were 1:1:1, 1:2:1, 1:3:1, 1:4:1, as well as 1:5:1, and the formula’s components were determined based on the optimization results.

Results
The optimal formula of E. palmifolia extract loaded SNEDDS had the ratio 1:1:1 (formula A) of Miglyol 812:Tween 80:PEG 400 and 1:3:1 (formula E) of Miglyol 812:Tween 80:propylene glycol. Meanwhile, the optimal formulation characteristics showed a transmittance value above 90%, pH range of 5.10–5.20, 2.21–14.51 cP viscosity, emulsification time below 120 s, and particle size of 24.71–136.77 nm.

Conclusions
The optimal formula of E. palmifolia extract-loaded SNEDDS, were obtained using different components and ratios. These are Miglyol:Tween 80:PEG 400 at a component ratio of 1:1:1 (formula A) and Miglyol 812:Tween 80:propylene glycol at a component ratio of 1:3:1 (formula E).
The impact of glutaraldehyde on the characteristics of bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin based bone scaffold as gentamicin delivery system
Authors: Budiatin Aniek Setiya , Gani Maria Apriliani , Ardianto Chrismawan , Samirah  , Pattah Sahrati Yudiaprijah Daeng , Mubarokah Fitroh , Khotib Junaidi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Biomaterials are widely used as drug delivery systems targeting bone tissue, such as to treat bone infectious disease. However, the addition of drugs to biomaterials weakens their mechanical properties. Crosslinkers are compounds that improve the mechanical properties of biomaterials. This study aims to determine the effect of glutaraldehyde (GTA) as a crosslinker on the characteristics of bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin-based bone scaffold with gentamicin as antibiotics (BHA-GEL-GEN-GTA).

Methods
BHA-GEL-GEN-GTA scaffold with GTA solid content ranging from 0.1 to 1.4 wt% was made by direct compression. The compressive strength test was carried out using autograph. Scaffold degradation test was carried out by dissolving the scaffolds in PBS. Scaffold toxicity was performed by MTT assay using BHK-21 fibroblast cells.

Results
There was a significant difference in the scaffolds’ compressive strength due to differences in GTA volume. Scaffold crosslinked using GTA with solid content 0.1 and 0.2 wt% in 2 mL solution had higher compressive strength than those in 1 mL solution. Furthermore, GTA with solid content 0.6, 1, 1.2, and 1.4 wt% showed higher compressive strength than those without GTA. Degradation test results showed that GTA increased the percentage of weight loss and swelling of the scaffold. The scaffold exhibited a nontoxic profile in MTT assay.

Conclusions
GTA with optimum solid content shows great compressive strength, stable swelling profile with low percentage of scaffold’s weight loss, and is considered as nontoxic.
Knowledge and attitudes of healthcare professionals on prescribing errors
Authors: Ernawati Desak Ketut , Widhiartini Ida Ayu Alit , Budiarti Endang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of healthcare professionals on prescribing errors.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study employing a questionnaire that consisted of 12 items on knowledge and 10 items on healthcare professionals’ attitudes toward errors in prescribing process. The participants responded to the questionnaire with a 5-Likert scale of agreement. The domains assessed in the questionnaire were respondents’ knowledge and attitudes on prescribing errors, professionals responsible for the errors, and professionals’ competence on drug dose adjustment. Additionally, the questionnaire had two case scenarios to further assess the healthcare professionals’ knowledge of prescribing errors. There were 300 questionnaires administered to physicians, nurses, and pharmacists who attended conferences in Denpasar from July to October 2019.

Results
There were 30 physicians, 58 nurses, and 69 pharmacists who responded to the survey. A response rate of 52.3% (157/300) was obtained. All healthcare professionals agreed that errors may occur in prescribing, dispensing, and administration process. All healthcare professionals understood that physician is responsible for ensuring drug safety in prescribing process and also supported a standardized form on drugs which may need drug dose personalization. Concerning item on the importance of collaboration in drug dose adjustment, although the healthcare professionals agreed on the statement, they had significant differences on the level agreement on the statement (p=0.029). The healthcare professionals also supported having regular training on drug dose adjustment based on individual patients’ regimentation. The healthcare professionals’ responses showed that the significant differences found on the statement of healthcare professionals should have competency on personalized dose calculation (p<0.001). All healthcare professionals agreed that physicians should have competency on drug dose adjustment, yet physicians showed less agreement that other health professionals should have the competency.

Conclusions
All healthcare professionals understood that medication errors may occur during the prescribing process but showed different attitudes on professionals who had competence in drug dose calculation. They emphasize the need to have a standardized prescription format for medication with dose changes. The respondents also recommend having regular training on medication safety for healthcare professionals.
Health related quality of life among postmenopausal woman with hormone responsive HER2− breast cancer in Indonesia
Authors: Etikasari Ria , Andayani Tri Murti , Endarti Dwi , Taroeno-Hariadi Kartika Widayati 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Breast cancer (BC) in women could decrease health-related quality of life (HRQoL). HRQoL becomes important to be assessed to design a relevant treatment that could improve patient outcomes. Furthermore, assessing HRQoL by measuring health state utilities becomes pivotal for health economic evaluation. This study aimed to describe the HRQoL of postmenopausal women with hormone responsive (HR+) HER2− BC using the EQ5D5L instrument in Indonesia.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 126 patients in Dr. Sardjito Hospital in Indonesia. The HRQoL was assessed by interviewing BC patients using the EQ5D5L questionnaire, and the utility index was calculated using the Indonesian value set. Information regarding clinical characteristic and socio-demographic were gained from patient medical records. One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Scheffe’s test was performed to compare the utility score within the health state.

Results
Of the 126 patients, a mean ± SD for the age of 59.2 ± 6.1 years. The major problems of patients were pain/discomfort (75.4%) followed by anxiety/depression (54.8%). The mean (SD) of EQ5D VAS was 76.64 (14.91). Mean (SD) of utility score was 0.87 (0.10), 0.77 (0.19) and 0.58 (0.44) for free metastasis (FM), locoregional metastasis (LM) and distant metastasis (DM), respectively. Poor QoL was observed at DM health state (p<0.05).

Conclusions
HRQoL of postmenopausal women with HR+ HER2− BC was low. The major reported problems were pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression.
Drug utilization study and cost analysis of adult β-thalassemia major patient therapy at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya
Authors: Qatrunnada Hasna , Suharjono  , Bintoro Siprianus Ugroseno Yudho , Wahyuni Siti 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The main therapy of β-thalassemia major are blood transfusion and iron chelation drugs. However, those therapies also have some adverse effects and problems such as iron overload, transfusion reactions, nutritional deficiencies, and patient compliance problems. Those arising problems also have an impact on therapy cost. Hence, this study was designed to analyze drug utilization study and cost of therapy in β-thalassemia major adult patients at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya.

Methods
This research was conducted in descriptive observational-retrospective design using secondary data obtained from patient’s medical records and billing registrations from January 1–December 31, 2019.

Results
There were 18 patients out of 233 patients that were analyzed. Deferasirox was the most administered drug with doses between 500 mg/day–1,500 mg/day while deferiprone was ranged between 1,500 and 4,500 mg/day. Patients also received transfusion reaction drugs with dexamethasone injection 5 mg/ml which was administered the most. The most administered supplement was folic acid 1 mg. Patients had an increase in serum ferritin due to low compliance. Deferasirox had the most adherence number of patients with decrease of serum ferritin. The two highest costs of direct medical components were top-up medicines and consumable medical supplies. Overall, the hospital gained profit from national health insurance claims.

Conclusions
The most administered chelating agent was deferasirox. Deferasirox also had the most adherence number of patients with decreased number of serum ferritin. However, deferasirox also yielded the highest cost. Yet, overall, the hospital gained profit from national health insurance claims.
The correlation between self-related adherence, asthma-related quality of life and control of asthma in adult patients
Authors: Zairina Elida , Nugraheni Gesnita , Achmad Gusti Noorrizka Veronika , Sulistyarini Arie , Nita Yunita , Bakhtiar Arief , Amin Muhammad 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Medication non-adherence mostly occurs in patients with a wide range of disease severity, including asthma. The aim of the study was to assess the self reported adherence to asthma therapy and investigate the relationship between adherence, asthma control and asthma-related quality of life.

Methods
The study was a cross-sectional study in which participants were recruited from an outpatient department, in one hospital in Surabaya. Patients (aged≥18 years) with asthma who had used any regular asthma medications were included. Standardised questionnaires, including Juniper’s Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ), Adherence to Refills and Medications Scales (ARMS) and Juniper’s Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) were used.

Results
A total of 82 adults with asthma were recruited in the study. Male participants’ mean age was 49.13 ± 14.10 years (n = 23). Approximately 59 participants (72.0%) were females, 30 participants (36.5%) were using Budesonide inhaler, and 73 participants (89.0%) never smoked. The mean of ACQ, AQLQ, and ARMS scores were 1.62 ± 1.19, 4.96 ± 1.24, and 16.98 ± 4.12, respectively. Of 82 patients studied 53 (64.6 %) had “uncontrolled asthma” and more than 85% participants both showed “non adherence” to asthma therapy and nearly 46% of them indicated that their quality of life was affected by asthma. There was a significant association between ACQ and AQLQ (p<0.05), whereas no statistically significant association was found between ACQ and ARMS.

Conclusions
The majority of patients reported non-adherence to asthma medications. Poor controlled asthma has been associated with lower asthma-related quality of life.
The effect of Camellia sinensis (green tea) with its active compound EGCG on neuronal cell necroptosis in Rattus norvegicus middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model
Authors: Machin Abdulloh , Syaharani Ramidha , Susilo Imam , Hamdan Muhammad , Fauziah Dyah , Purwanto Djoko Agus 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the inhibition effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and green tea extract on neuronal necroptosis based on necroptosis morphology.

Methods

In vivo study was performed on male Rattus norvegicus middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model divided into five groups, MCAO-control groups, EGCG 10 mg/kg BW/day, EGCG 20 mg/kg BW/day, EGCG 30 mg/kg BW/day, and green tea extract 30 mg/kg BW/day for 7 days treatment. MCAO model was made by modification method using Bulldog clamp. After 7 days of treatment, all R. norvegicus were sacrificed. After that, examination using Hematoxylin–Eosin stain was conducted to look at necroptosis morphology in each group.

Results
We found that there are significant differences between control group and the other three groups (EGCG 20 mg/kg BW/day, EGCG 30 mg/kg BW/day, and green tea extract (p<0.05). There is a significant correlation between the number of neuron cell necroptosis and both EGCG and green tea extract (p<0.05). The correlation is negative, which means both EGCG and green tea extract will decrease the number of neuron cell necroptosis. EGCG will decrease neuron cell necroptosis starting from the dose of 20 mg/kg BW/day. EGCG 30 mg/kg BW/day produces the best result compared to other doses.

Conclusions

Camellia sinensis (green tea) with its active compound EGCG decreases neuronal necroptosis morphology in MCAO models.