bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjuvant Therapy of High-Risk (Stages IIC–IV) Malignant Melanoma in the Post Interferon-Alpha Era: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Christofyllakis Konstantinos , Pföhler Claudia , Bewarder Moritz , Müller Cornelia S. L. , Thurner Lorenz , Rixecker Torben , Vogt Thomas , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Yordanova Krista , Kaddu-Mulindwa Dominic 
Published: February 2021

IntroductionMultiple agents are approved in the adjuvant setting of completely resected high-risk (stages IIC–IV) malignant melanoma. Subgroups may benefit differently depending on the agent used. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficiency and tolerability of available options in the post interferon era across following subgroups: patient age, stage, ulceration status, lymph node involvement, BRAF status.MethodsThe PubMed and Cochrane Library databases were searched without restriction in year of publication in June and September 2020. Data were extracted according to the PRISMA Guidelines from two authors independently and were pooled according to the random-effects model. The predefined primary outcome was recurrence-free survival (RFS). Post-data extraction it was noted that one trial (BRIM8) reported disease-free survival which was defined in the exact same way as RFS.ResultsFive prospective randomized placebo-controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. The drug regimens included ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, nivolumab/ipilimumab, vemurafenib, and dabrafenib/trametinib. Adjuvant treatment was associated with a higher RFS than placebo (HR 0.57; 95% CI= 0.45–0.71). Nivolumab/ipilimumab in stage IV malignant melanoma was associated with the highest RFS benefit (HR 0.23; 97.5% CI= 0.12–0.45), followed by dabrafenib/trametinib in stage III BRAF-mutant melanoma (HR 0.49; 95% CI= 0.40–0.59). The presence of a BRAF mutation was associated with higher RFS rates (HR 0.30; 95% CI= 0.11–0.78) compared to the wildtype group (HR 0.60; 95% CI= 0.44–0.81). Patient age did not influence outcomes (≥65: HR 0.50; 95% CI= 0.36–0.70, &lt;65: HR 0.58; 95% CI= 0.46–0.75). Immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy was associated with lower RFS in non-ulcerated melanoma. Patients with stage IIIA benefited equally from adjuvant treatment as those with stage IIIB/C. Nivolumab/ipilimumab and ipilimumab monotherapy were associated with higher toxicity.ConclusionAdjuvant therapy should not be withheld on account of advanced age or stage IIIA alone. The presence of a BRAF mutation is prognostically favorable in terms of RFS. BRAF/MEK inhibitors should be preferred in the adjuvant treatment of BRAF-mutant non-ulcerated melanoma.
Clinicopathological Prognostic Factors and Chemotherapeutic Outcome for Two Histopathological Types of Ampulla of Vater Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xia Tao , Wu Xiaosan , Mou Yiping , Xu Yunyun , Zhou Yucheng , Lu Chao , Zhu Qicong , Jin Weiwei , Chen Yuan 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundAdenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater (AAV) is standardly treated using a complex operation, a pancreatoduodenectomy (PD), to remove the tumor. However, dicision-making in AAV clinical treatment remains difficult due to the broad range of AAV types, outcomes, and responses to special chemotherapeutics. Thus, this study aimed to explore clinicopathological prognostic factors associated with overall survival, as well as post-chemotherapeutic effects related to curative resection of AAV.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed data for clinicopathological outcome of 47 patients diagnosed with AAV that had underwent a PD. Overall survival probabilities were obtained using the Kaplan–Meier estimate method and a Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsForty-five patients underwent LPD (laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy) and two patients underwent PD. The patient group was composed of 31 males (66%) and 16 females (34%) with a mean age of 65(34–91)years. We selected 45 patients for long-term survival analysis. One- and three-year overall survival rates after resection were 97.6% and 58.9% respectively. The median survival was 37.7 months for the intestinal-type and 26.9 months in pancreatobiliary-type ampullary tumors. Serum carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 greater than 37 U/ml (HR 0.140, P = 0.007), perineural invasion (HR 0.141, P = 0.003), and classification as pancreatobiliary-type (HR 6.633, P = 0.006) were independently associated with poor survival. Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) greater than 5 µg/ml (P = 0.031), serum CA 19-9 greater than 37 U/ml (P = 0.002), tumor sizes greater than 2.5cm (P=0.002), and positive perineural invasion (P=0.003) were all associated with a poor prognosis in the histopathological subgroup. Serum CA 19-9 greater than 37 U/ml (P=0.002) and positive perineural invasion (P=0.001) were significantly associated with poor survival in of patients with intestinal-type ampullary tumors. Serum CEA greater than 5 µg/ml (P=0.013) and tumor sizes greater than 2.5cm (P=0.002) were significantly associated with poor survival in patients with pancreatobiliary-type ampullary tumors.ConclusionsPancreatobiliary-type ampullary tumors were associated with poor survival. Serum CA 19-9 in the intestinal-type and CEA in the pancreatobiliary-type were significantly associated with poor survival. Ajuvant chemotherapy could not predict the survival of AAV patients.
CD96 Correlates With Immune Infiltration and Impacts Patient Prognosis: A Pan-Cancer Analysis
Authors: Ye Wenrui , Luo Cong , Liu Fangkun , Liu Zhixiong , Chen Fenghua 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundImmunotherapy has significantly improved patient outcomes, but encountered obstacles recently. CD96, a novel immune checkpoint expressed on T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, is essential for regulating immune functions. However, how CD96 correlating with immune infiltration and patient prognosis in pan-cancer remains unclear.MethodsHPA, TCGA, GEO, GTEx, Oncomine, TIMER2.0, PrognoScan, Linkedomics, Metascape, and GEPIA2 databases were used to analyze CD96 in cancers. Visualization of data was mostly achieved by R language, version 4.0.2.ResultsIn general, CD96 was differentially expressed between most cancer and adjacent normal tissues. CD96 significantly impacted the prognosis of diverse cancers. Especially, high CD96 expression was associated with poorer overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) in the TCGA lower grade glioma (LGG) cohort (OS, HR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.79–2.66, P &lt; 0.001). The opposite association was significantly observed in skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) cohort (OS, HR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.94–0.98, P &lt; 0.001). Notably, SKCM samples demonstrated the highest CD96 mutation frequency among all cancer types. Furthermore, in most cancers, CD96 expression level was significantly correlated with expression levels of recognized immune checkpoints and abundance of multiple immune infiltrates including CD8+ T cells, dendric cells (DCs), macrophages, monocytes, NK cells, neutrophils, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and follicular helper T cells (Tfh). CD96 was identified as a risk factor, protective factor, and irrelevant variable in LGG, SKCM and adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), respectively. CD96 related genes were involved in negative regulation of leukocyte in LGG, however, involved in multiple positive immune processes in SKCM. Furthermore, CD96 was significantly associated with particular immune marker subsets. Importantly, it strongly correlated with markers of type 1 helper T cell (Th1) in SKCM, but not in LGG or ACC either.ConclusionsCD96 participates in diverse immune responses, governs immune cell infiltration, and impacts malignant properties of various cancer types, thus standing as a potential biomarker for determining patient prognosis and immune infiltration in multiple cancers, especially in glioma and melanoma.
Case Report: Clinical Analysis of Seven Neonates With Prader-Willi Syndrome and Review of the Literature
Authors: Hu Yu , Xue XinDong , Fu JianHua 
Published: February 2021

Objective: The clinical symptoms of neonatal Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) are not typical and are easy to miss. The aim of the study was to investigate the clinical features and genetic characteristics of seven cases of neonatal PWS from northern China, and to improve the understanding of PWS in neonates.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed seven infants diagnosed by methylation specific multiplex ligation probe amplification technology (MS-MLPA) in the Neonatology Unit of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from September 2016 to July 2020.Results: All seven cases involved full term or nearly full-term infants born to mothers without a history of abnormal pregnancy or delivery. Difficulty in feeding occurred immediately after birth in infants with decreased hypotonia. Five patients had characteristic craniofacial morphology, such as a prominent forehead, narrow face, almond-shaped eyes, small mouth, and downturned mouth. Further, three of the seven infants had patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). In addition, three neonates had hyperammonemia, hypoglycemia, and idiopathic edema, respectively. PWS could be effectively diagnosed and genotyped by MS-MLPA.Conclusion: Neonates with PWS have hypotonia and feeding difficulty. Characteristic facial features and genital hypoplasia are common in neonatal PWS. Infants with PWS may be predisposed to PDA, hypoglycemia, hyperammonemia, and edema.
Laparoscopic Ureteroureterostomy vs. Common Sheath Ureteral Reimplantation in Children With Duplex Kidney Anomalies
Authors: Gerwinn Tim , Gnannt Ralph , Weber Daniel M. , Gobet Rita , Mazzone Luca 
Published: February 2021

Purpose: Laparoscopic ureteroureterostomy (LUU) has been proposed as an alternative to common sheath ureteral reimplantation (CSUR) in children with symptomatic duplex kidneys. However, data is limited for LUU in the pediatric population. The aim of this study was to analyze our experience with LUU and to compare the results with those after CSUR to assess whether a less invasive surgical approach could be a valid alternative.Patients and methods: The data of all children with duplex kidneys who underwent either LUU or CSUR at our center from 2006 to 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. After parental counseling, the option of LUU was provided as an alternative to CSUR for unilateral procedures and in the absence of vesicoureteral reflux to the receiving ureter. Baseline characteristics, indication for surgery, hospitalization and operative times, and intraoperative, post-operative, and late complications were analyzed. Preoperative and 1-year post-operative sonographies were reviewed by a pediatric radiologist. Increasing renal pelvic diameter (Δ &gt;5 mm) was regarded as a sign of ureteral obstruction.Results: Forty children were included in this study, with 16 children receiving LUU and 24 children receiving CSUR. The children had a mean age of 2.7 years (7 months−9.8 years) and were followed up in our outpatient clinic for an average of 3.9 years (3 months−10.6 years) after surgery. The median hospital stay was 2 days shorter after LUU. Initially, a considerably longer time was needed for LUU, but after more experience was gained, similar operative times were observed for both procedures. Complications were encountered in both groups. After LUU, two patients developed anastomotic leakage: one was managed conservatively, and one required temporary nephrostomy. In the CSUR group, one patient developed vesicoureteral obstruction during follow-up and required reoperation with LUU. The occurrence of post-operative urinary tract infections was similar in both groups. No complications related to the ureteral stump after LUU arose.Conclusion: LUU is a safe and efficacious treatment option for children with duplex kidney anomalies and can be used as an alternative to CSUR. All children receiving LUU showed a non-obstructive, patent anastomosis and no signs for stenotic compromise of the receiving ureter.
Infrared and Terahertz Compatible Absorber Based on Multilayer Film
Authors: Yang Mingyang , Zhou Ming , Yu Jianwen , Zhang Yibo , Xu Benyan , Cheng Wenjun , Li Xuyin 
Published: February 2021

In this paper, a similar Fabry-Perot cavity structure utilizing a multilayer film structure consisting of an ultrathin metal film is demonstrated for absorbing the infrared ray. This structure has low emissivity in the atmospheric window (3–5 and 8–14 μm) and high emissivity in the nonatmospheric window (5–8 μm). These properties improved the stealth performance which causes the high emissivity in 5–8 μm to radiate more energy to reduce its temperature. Based on this, the periodic microstructures were added to the surface of the materials that enhanced the absorption of terahertz wave (0.1–2.7 THz). The absorber based on multilayer film has a simple structure and low manufacturing cost. This work may provide a new strategy for infrared and terahertz compatible stealth technology.
Weekly Physiological Changes in Blood Pressure During Three Weeks Daily Consumption of 10 Grams of Cocoa Powder Among Young Black Africans in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Siransy-Balayssac Edwige , Ouattara Soualiho , Ahiboh Hugues , Youzan Toh Bi , Gouh Fagnan Levy , Yao Koffi Bertrand , Ehouman Mocket , Dah Cyrille Serges , Bogui Pascal 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundIn Caucasians, regular consumption of cocoa induces a drop in arterial blood pressure via an increase in nitric oxide (NO) production. However, black individuals have a different NO biodisponibility compared to Caucasians. The aim of this study was to determine, in black Africans, the physiological variations in arterial blood pressure among cocoa consumers.MethodIn total, 49 male black African volunteers, aged between 18 and 30 years old, were randomized into two groups; those consuming 10 g of cocoa powder per day (1,680 mg of flavonoids per day) for 3 weeks (consumer group), and those not consuming cocoa (control group). Systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressures (DBP), and heart rate (HR) were measured in the morning on an empty stomach (fasting), on day (D) 1 (without cocoa), D8, D15, and D22. Data were collected by groups and by subgroups established according to the level of SBP, DBP, or HR on D1. The means and variations of the means (between D1 and the subsequent days) of the recorded parameters were calculated and compared between groups and between subgroups.ResultsOn D8, the variations in SBP in the consumer group were significantly different from the control group (−3.72 ± 6.01 versus 0.57 ± 6.66 mmHg; p = 0.02). Between the control and consumer subgroups according to SBP, no statistical difference in the means or variations in SBP was noted. On D8 and D22, the variations in the SBP of consumers with SBP ≥ 110 mmHg on D1 were significantly different from those of other consumers (D8: −6.55 ± 5.96 versus −1.1 ± 4.93 mmHg; p = 0.01; D22: −6.63 ± 7.77 versus 0.35 ± 5.58 mmHg; p = 0.01). In the subgroups with a DBP &lt; 75 mmHg on D1, the mean DBP of the consumers was significantly lower than that of the controls on D8 (65 ± 5 versus 69 ± 6 mmHg; p = 0.03).ConclusionIn young black African men living in Côte d’Ivoire, regular consumption of cocoa resulted in a decrease in SBP and DBP. The decrease in SBP appeared to be greater the higher the baseline SBP was.
Glutamate- and GABA-Modulated Connectivity in Auditory Hallucinations—A Combined Resting State fMRI and MR Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Weber Sarah , Hjelmervik Helene , Craven Alexander R. , Johnsen Erik , Kroken Rune A. , Løberg Else-Marie , Ersland Lars , Kompus Kristiina , Hugdahl Kenneth 
Published: February 2021

Background: Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) have been linked to aberrant interhemispheric connectivity between the left and the right superior temporal gyrus (STG), labeled the interhemispheric miscommunication theory. The present study investigated if interhemispheric miscommunication is modulated at the neurochemical level by glutamate (Glu) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations in temporal and prefrontal lobe areas, as proposed by the theory.Methods: We combined resting-state fMRI connectivity with MR spectroscopy (MRS) in a sample of 81 psychosis patients, comparing patients with high hallucination severity (high-AVH) and low hallucination severity (low-AVH) groups. Glu and GABA concentrations were acquired from the left STG and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), an area of cognitive control that has been proposed to modulate STG functioning in AVH.Results: Functional connectivity showed significant interaction effects between AVH Group and ACC-recorded Glu and GABA metabolites. Follow-up tests showed that there was a significant positive association for Glu concentration and interhemispheric STG connectivity in the high-AVH group, while there was a significant negative association for GABA concentration and interhemispheric STG connectivity in the low-AVH group.Conclusion: The results show neurochemical modulation of STG interhemispheric connectivity, as predicted by the interhemispheric miscommunication hypothesis. Furthermore, the findings are in line with an excitatory/inhibitory imbalance model for AVH. By combining different neuroimaging modalities, the current results provide a more comprehensive insight into the neural correlates of AVH.
Prevalence of Sleep Disturbances and Sleep Quality in Chinese Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xia Lei , Chen Changhao , Liu Zhiqiang , Luo Xiangfen , Guo Chunyan , Liu Zhiwei , Zhang Kai , Liu Huanzhong 
Published: February 2021

Objectives: Healthcare workers (HWs) experienced high levels of work stress during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to a high risk of sleep disturbances. This meta-analysis aimed to explore the prevalence of sleep disturbances and sleep quality in Chinese HWs during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: English (PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library) and Chinese databases (WanFang, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and SinoMed) were systematically and independently searched for relevant studies published from December 1, 2019, to May 20, 2020. The pooled prevalence of sleep disturbances and sleep quality were calculated using a random-effects model.Results: A total of 17 studies involving 12,682 Chinese HWs were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of sleep disturbances in Chinese HWs was 45.1% (95% CI: 37.2–53.1%). We found that the prevalence of sleep disturbances varied among frontline, infected, and non-frontline HWs (Q = 96.96, p &lt; 0.001); females and males (Q = 9.10, p = 0.003); studies using different assessment instruments (Q = 96.05, p &lt; 0.001); and studies with different sample sizes (Q = 5.77, p = 0.016) and cut-off values (Q = 62.28, p &lt; 0.001). The pooled mean total score of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was 9.83 (95% CI: 8.61–11.04). HWs in Wuhan had a higher total PSQI score than those in other regions (Q = 9.21, p = 0.002).Conclusion: Sleep disturbances were common in Chinese HWs during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in frontline and infected HWs. Our results indicate the heavy mental health burden on HWs during the COVID-19 pandemic in China and can provide other countries with valuable information to assist HWs during the crisis.
Triangulated Cylinder Origami-Based Piezoelectric/Triboelectric Hybrid Generator to Harvest Coupled Axial and Rotational Motion
Authors: Chung Jihoon , Song Myunghwan , Chung Seh-Hoon , Choi Woojin , Lee Sanghyun , Lin Zong-Hong , Hong Jinkee , Lee Sangmin 
Published: February 2021

Piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) and triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are representative technologies that can harvest mechanical energy. In general, piezoelectric/triboelectric hybrid generators can harvest considerable energy with a limited input; however, PENGs and TENGs entail different requirements for harvesting energy. Specifically, PENGs produce a large output when a large mechanical strain is applied, and TENGs require a large surface area to produce a high power. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an innovative strategy in terms of the structural design to satisfy the requirements of both PENGs and TENGs. In this study, we developed a triangulated cylinder origami-based piezoelectric/triboelectric hybrid generator (TCO-HG) with an origami structure to enable effective energy harvesting. The proposed structure consists of a vertical contact-separation TENG on the surface of the triangulated cylinder, PENG on the inner hinge, and rotational TENG on the top substrate to harvest mechanical energy from each motion. Each generator could produce a separate electrical output with a single input. The TCO-HG could charge a 22
μ
F commercial capacitor and power 60 LEDs when operated.
Insight into segregation sites for oxygen impurities at grain boundaries in silicon
Authors: Ohno Yutaka , Ren Jie , Tanaka Shingo , Kohyama Masanori , Inoue Koji , Shimizu Yasuo , Nagai Yasuyoshi , Yoshida Hideto 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The three-dimensional distribution of oxygen atoms segregated at Σ9{114} grain boundaries (GBs) in Czochralski-grown silicon ingots is analyzed within a high spatial resolution of less than 0.5 nm by atom probe tomography combined with a focused ion beam (FIB) operated at −150 °C. The analysis reveals a segregation of oxygen atoms within a range of 2.5 nm across the GB plane, which is much narrower in comparison with the previous reports obtained using a conventional FIB. The oxygen concentration profile accurately reflects the distribution of the segregation sites, which exist at bond-centered sites under tensile stresses above 2 GPa, as calculated by ab initio local stress calculations.
Authors: Hattu Vondaal Vidya 
Published: February 2021

Kapal asing yang akan melintasi wilayah kepulauan Indonesia dapat menggunakan haknya umtuk melewati wilayah ALKI (Alur Laut Kepulauan Indonesia), namun kapal asing tersebut tidak diperbolehkan melewati seluruh wilayah ALKI melainkan hanya dapat melewati ketiga wilayah ALKI sesuai dengan rute atau jalur telah yang ditentukan. Dengan banyaknya kapal asing yang melewati wilayah ALKI maka secara tidak langsung juga dapat menimbulkan berbagai pelanggaran yang sering terjadi di wilayah ALKI yang dilakukan oleh kapal asing seperti seperti kasus imigran gelap, penyelundupan senjata, penyelundupan narkotika, pencemaran atau polusi laut, penangkapan ikan secara ilegal, kegiatan pemeriksaan ilegal, perdagangan manusia, kepabean dan berbagai tindak pelanggaran lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pelanggaran di wilayah ALKI yang dilakukan oleh kapal asing. Kajian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normative. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelanggaran di wilayah ALKI yang dilakukan oleh kapal asing pada umumnya terkait dengan hak lintas damai dan hak lintas alur kepulauan. Kesimpulan yang di dapat dari penelitian ini adalah Pemerintah Indonesia membentuk Lembaga serta mengesahkan peraturan perundang-undangan untuk meminimalisir terjadinya pelanggaran di wilayah ALKI yang dilakukan oleh kapal asing.
Kata Kunci : Pelanggaran ; ALKI III ;Kapal Asing
MONITORING THE LEVEL OF HEAVY METAL COMPOUNDS IN THE TEREK RIVER
Authors: Атабиева Фатимат Адраевна , Чередник Елена Александровна 
Published: February 2021

В статье представлен анализ многолетних результатов (2005-2020 годы) изменчивости уровня содержания соединений таких тяжелых металлов как хром, никель, молибден, свинец, цинк и марганец. Цель исследования - выявление и оценка степени загрязненности воды реки Терек растворенными формами металлов в среднем и нижнем течении в летнее половодье по частоте превышения ПДК.
The article presents an analysis of long-term results (2005-2020) of variability in the content of compounds of such heavy metals as chromium, nickel, molybdenum, lead, zinc and manganese. The purpose of the study is to identify and assess the degree of water pollution of the Terek River by dissolved forms of metals in the middle and lower reaches during the summer flood in terms of the frequency of exceeding the MPC.