bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green Technology Approaches to Solid Waste Management in the Developing Economies
Authors: Hammed T. B. , Sridhar M. K. C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe severity of extreme weather and climate change impacts around the world has been a public health concern in the last few decades. Apart from greenhouse gas generation, poor waste management exacerbates consequences of global warming such as flooding, lower crop yields, and the epidemic of diseases which can escalate into disastrous situations. The general public in developing economies sees wastes as valueless materials and disposes them through open burning, stream dumping, or as conveniently as possible. Also, the cutting of trees for firewood leads to deforestation and desertification that increase people’s vulnerability to climate change impact. Against this backdrop, there is a need for a paradigm shift toward developing indigenous technologies that convert solid waste to cheap and clean energy. Various innovations use the “green technology approach” in putting trash back into the value chain. Furthermore, the green technology approach has a great potential to enhance adaptation and resilience among climate change-displaced populations where they can set up microenterprise on useful end products. In this chapter, unique features of these technologies at the Renewable Resources Centre of the University of Ibadan, practice-oriented researches, and a case study at Kube-Atenda community Ibadan, Nigeria, are presented. This chapter is therefore set out to showcase examples of waste management initiatives and strategies that have been successfully implemented elsewhere by the authors. It also focuses on how some countries in the continent, with developing economies, may foster their resilience and their capacity to adapt to climate change.
Self-interacting multistate boson stars
Authors: Li Hong-Bo , Zeng Yan-Bo , Song Yan , Wang Yong-Qiang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we consider rotating multistate boson stars with quartic self-interactions. In contrast to the nodeless quartic-boson stars in [1], the self-interacting multistate boson stars (SIMBSs) have two types of nodes, including the 1S2S and 1S2P states. We show the mass M of SIMBSs as a function of the synchronized frequency ω, and the nonsynchronized frequency ω2 for three different cases. Moreover, for the case of two coexisting states with self-interacting potential, we study the mass M of SIMBSs versus the angular momentum J for the synchronized frequency ω and the nonsynchronized frequency ω2. Furthermore, for three different cases, we analyze the coexisting phase with both the ground and first excited states for SIMBSs. We also calculate the maximum value of coupling parameter Λ, and find the coupling parameter Λ exists the finite range.
Weak gravity versus de Sitter
Authors: Cribiori N. , Dall’Agata G. , Farakos F. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We show that one can uncover a Dine-Seiberg problem for de Sitter critical points in supergravity theories by utilizing the magnetic weak gravity conjecture. We present a large variety of N=2 gauged supergravity models that include vector multiplets and in all cases we find that the weak gravity conjecture threatens de Sitter. A common feature in all such examples is a degenerate mass matrix for the gravitini, which we therefore deem a swampland criterion for de Sitter critical points.
On a class of stochastic partial differential equations with multiple invariant measures
Authors: Farkas Bálint , Friesen Martin , Rüdiger Barbara , Schroers Dennis 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this work we investigate the long-time behavior for Markov processes obtained as the unique mild solution to stochastic partial differential equations in a Hilbert space. We analyze the existence and characterization of invariant measures as well as convergence of transition probabilities. While in the existing literature typically uniqueness of invariant measures is studied, we focus on the case where the uniqueness of invariant measures fails to hold. Namely, introducing a generalized dissipativity condition combined with a decomposition of the Hilbert space, we prove the existence of multiple limiting distributions in dependence of the initial state of the process and study the convergence of transition probabilities in the Wasserstein 2-distance. Finally, we apply our results to Lévy driven Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes, the Heath–Jarrow–Morton–Musiela equation as well as to stochastic partial differential equations with delay.
Prognostic ability of mid-term worsening renal function after percutaneous coronary intervention: findings from the SHINANO registry
Authors: Okina Yoshiteru , Miura Takashi , Senda Keisuke , Taki Minami , Kobayashi Masanori , Kanai Masafumi , Okuma Yukari , Yanagisawa Takashi , Hashizume Naoto , Otagiri Kyuhachi , Shoin Kyoko , Watanabe Noboru , Ebisawa Soichiro , Karube Kenichi , Nakajima Hiroyuki , Saigusa Tatsuya , Miyashita Yusuke , Kashiwagi Daisuke , Machida Keisuke , Abe Naoyuki , Tachibana Takahiro , Kanzaki Yusuke , Maruyama Takuya , Nomi Hidetomo , Sakai Takahiro , Yui Hisanori , Mochidome Tomoaki , Kobayashi Takahiro , Kasai Toshio , Ikeda Uichi , Kuwahara Koichiro 
Published: April 2021

AbstractChronic kidney disease is a prognostic factor for cardiovascular disease. Worsening renal function (WRF), specifically, is an important predictor of mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We evaluate the prognostic impact of mid-term WRF after PCI on future cardiovascular events. We examined the renal function data of 1086 patients in the first year after PCI using the SHINANO 5-year registry. Patients were divided into two groups, mid-term WRF and non-mid-term WRF, and primary outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and death. Mid-term WRF was defined as an increase in creatinine (≥ 0.3 mg/dL) in the first year after PCI. Mid-term WRF was found in 101 patients (9.3%), and compared to non-mid-term WRF, it significantly increased the incidence of MACE (p < 0.001), and all-cause death (p < 0.001), myocardial infarction (p = 0.001). Furthermore, mid-term WRF patients had higher incidence of future heart failure (p < 0.001) and new-onset atrial fibrillation (p = 0.01). Patients with both mid-term WRF and chronic kidney disease had increased MACE compared to patients with either condition alone (p < 0.001). Similarly, patients with mid-term WRF and acute kidney injury had increased MACE compared to patients with either condition alone (p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed mid-term WRF as a strong predictor of MACE (hazard ratio: 2.50, 95% confidence interval 1.57–3.98, p < 0.001). Mid-term WRF after PCI negatively affects MACE, as well as future admission due to heart failure and new-onset atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease, and acute kidney injury.
Prescription of analgesics in patients with rheumatic diseases in Germany
Authors: Albrecht K. , Marschall U. , Callhoff J. 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung
Mithilfe von Abrechnungsdaten wird die Verordnungshäufigkeit von Analgetika bei Patienten mit Diagnose einer rheumatoiden Arthritis (RA), axialen Spondyloarthritis (axSpA), Psoriasisarthritis (PsA) bzw. eines systemischen Lupus erythematodes (SLE) im Jahr 2019 untersucht.

Methodik
Eingeschlossen wurden Versicherte der Barmer ≥ 18 Jahre im Jahr 2019 mit Diagnose einer RA (M05, M06), axSpA (M45), PsA (M07.0–3) oder eines SLE (M32.1, 8, 9). Analgetika wurden über die ATC(Anatomisch-Therapeutisch-Chemisches Klassifikationssystem)-Codes identifiziert. Berichtet wird der Anteil an Personen mit ≥ 1 Analgetikaverordnung für die jeweiligen Krankheitsbilder im Jahr 2019 sowie für Opioide altersstandardisiert in jedem der Jahre 2005 bis 2019. Zusätzlich wird der Anteil an Opioidlangzeitverordnungen (Rezepte in ≥ 3 aufeinanderfolgenden Quartalen) im Jahr 2006 und 2019 verglichen.

Ergebnisse
Metamizol (29–33 %) war das am häufigsten verordnete Analgetikum. NSAR(nichtsteroidale Antirheumatika)/Coxibe wurden zu 35 % (SLE) bis 50 % (axSpA) verordnet; 11–13 % der Versicherten wurden schwach wirksame und 6–8 % stark wirksame Opioide verordnet. Von 2005 bis 2019 blieb der Anteil an Personen mit ≥ 1 Opioidverordnung stabil bei gleichbleibend bzw. leicht rückläufiger Verordnung schwach wirksamer Opioide und häufigerer Verordnung stark wirksamer Opioide. Der Anteil an Langzeitopioidverordnungen stieg von 2006 bis 2019 von 8,9 % auf 11,0 % (RA), von 6,9 % auf 9,1 % (axSpA), von 7,8 % auf 9,5 % (PsA) und von 7,5 % auf 8,8 % (SLE), entsprechend einer Zunahme um 17–24 %.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Verordnung von Opioiden bei Versicherten mit entzündlich rheumatischen Diagnosen ist in Deutschland nicht so hoch wie in anderen Ländern, allerdings ist der Anteil an Langzeitverordnungen deutlich angestiegen. Auffällig ist die häufige Verordnung von Metamizol.
Petrogenesis of a late-stage calc-alkaline granite in a giant S-type batholith: geochronology and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopes from the Nomatsaus granite (Donkerhoek batholith), Namibia
Authors: Aspiotis S. , Jung S. , Hauff F. , Romer R. L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe late-tectonic 511.4 ± 0.6 Ma-old Nomatsaus intrusion (Donkerhoek batholith, Damara orogen, Namibia) consists of moderately peraluminous, magnesian, calc-alkalic to calcic granites similar to I-type granites worldwide. Major and trace-element variations and LREE and HREE concentrations in evolved rocks imply that the fractionated mineral assemblage includes biotite, Fe–Ti oxides, zircon, plagioclase and monazite. Increasing K2O abundance with increasing SiO2 suggests accumulation of K-feldspar; compatible with a small positive Eu anomaly in the most evolved rocks. In comparison with experimental data, the Nomatsaus granite was likely generated from meta-igneous sources of possibly dacitic composition that melted under water-undersaturated conditions (X H2O: 0.25–0.50) and at temperatures between 800 and 850 °C, compatible with the zircon and monazite saturation temperatures of 812 and 852 °C, respectively. The Nomatsaus granite has moderately radiogenic initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7067–0.7082), relatively radiogenic initial εNd values (− 2.9 to − 4.8) and moderately evolved Pb isotope ratios. Although initial Sr and Nd isotopic compositions of the granite do not vary with SiO2 or MgO contents, fSm/Nd and initial εNd values are negatively correlated indicating limited assimilation of crustal components during monazite-dominated fractional crystallization. The preferred petrogenetic model for the generation of the Nomatsaus granite involves a continent–continent collisional setting with stacking of crustal slices that in combination with high radioactive heat production rates heated the thickened crust, leading to the medium-P/high-T environment characteristic of the southern Central Zone of the Damara orogen. Such a setting promoted partial melting of metasedimentary sources during the initial stages of crustal heating, followed by the partial melting of meta-igneous rocks at mid-crustal levels at higher P–T conditions and relatively late in the orogenic evolution.
Response (minimum clinically relevant change) in ASD symptoms after an intervention according to CARS-2: consensus from an expert elicitation procedure
Authors: Jurek Lucie , Baltazar Matias , Gulati Sheffali , Novakovic Neda , Núñez María , Oakley Jeremy , O’Hagan Anthony 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe lack of consensual measures to monitor core change in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or response to interventions leads to difficulty to prove intervention efficacy on ASD core symptoms. There are no universally accepted outcome measures developed for measuring changes in core symptoms. However, the CARS (Childhood Autism Rating Scale) is one of the outcomes recommended in the EMA Guideline on the clinical development of medicinal products for the treatment of ASD. Unfortunately, there is currently no consensus on the response definition for CARS among individuals with ASD. The aim of this elicitation process was to determine an appropriate definition of a response on the CARS2 scale for interventions in patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). An elicitation process was conducted following the Sheffield Elicitation Framework (SHELF). Five experts in the field of ASD and two experts in expert knowledge elicitation participated in an 1-day elicitation workshop. Experts in ASD were previously trained in the SHELF elicitation process and received a dossier of scientific evidence concerning the topic. The response definition was set as the mean clinically relevant improvement averaged over all patients, levels of functioning, age groups and clinicians. Based on the scientific evidence and expert judgment, a normal probability distribution was agreed to represent the state of knowledge of this response with expected value 4.03 and standard deviation 0.664. Considering the remaining uncertainty of the estimation and the available literature, a CARS-2 improvement of 4.5 points has been defined as a threshold to conclude to a response after an intervention. A CARS-2 improvement of 4.5 points could be used to evaluate interventions' meaningfulness in indivudals. This initial finding represents an important new benchmark and may aid decision makers in evaluating the efficacy of interventions in ASD.
Just do it! Study time increases mathematical achievement scores for grade 4-10 students in a large longitudinal cross-country study
Authors: Spitzer Markus Wolfgang Hermann 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDecades of research produced inconsistent findings on whether study time can lead to achievement gains in mathematics. Data generated by more than six thousand students from three different countries who solved more than 1.1 million problem sets using a dedicated mathematics software are analyzed regarding the effect of study time on students’ achievements in mathematics. Results showed that more study time led to higher performance scores in mathematics. Further analyses revealed that low-performing students in the first school year (2017-2018) who increased their study time in the following year (2018-2019) revealed greatest gains in performance in the same school year (2018-2019) and even in the year after (2019-2020). Finally, results replicated previous observations of robust performance scores within students over the three school years, with performance scores in 2017-2018 predicting those of 2018-2019 which predicted those of 2019-2020. These results support the idea that students, in particular low-performing students, can boost their academic abilities to upper levels when increasing their study time.
High Resolution Micro-Computed Tomography Reveals a Network of Collagen Channels in the Body Region of the Knee Meniscus
Authors: Agustoni Greta , Maritz Jared , Kennedy James , Bonomo Francesco P. , Bordas Stéphane P. A. , Barrera Olga 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe meniscus is an integral part of the human knee, preventing joint degradation by distributing load from the femoral condyles to the tibial plateau. Recent qualitative studies suggested that the meniscus is constituted by an intricate net of collagen channels inside which the fluid flows during loading. The aim of this study is to describe in detail the structure in which this fluid flows by quantifying the orientation and morphology of the collagen channels of the meniscal tissue. A 7 mm cylindrical sample, extracted vertically from the central part of a lateral porcine meniscus was freeze-dried and scanned using the highest-to-date resolution Microscopic Computed Tomography. The orientation of the collagen channels, their size and distribution was calculated. Comparisons with confocal multi-photon microscopy imaging performed on portions of fresh tissue have shown that the freeze-dried procedure adopted here ensures that the native architecture of the tissue is maintained. Sections of the probe at different heights were examined to determine differences in composition and structure along the sample from the superficial to the internal layers. Results reveal a different arrangement of the collagen channels in the superficial layers with respect to the internal layers with the internal layers showing a more ordered structure of the channels oriented at 30$$^{\circ }$$

∘

with respect to the vertical, a porosity of 66.28% and the mean size of the channels of 22.14 $$\mu {\text {m}}$$

μ
m

.
Integrating Screening and Treatment of Unhealthy Alcohol Use and Depression with Screening and Treatment of Anxiety, Pain, and Other Substance Use Among People with HIV and Other High-Risk Persons
Authors: Caniglia Ellen C. , Khan Maria , Ban Kaoon , Braithwaite R. Scott 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe review and synthesize results from a series of analyses estimating the benefit of screening for unhealthy alcohol use, depression, and tobacco to detect individuals at heightened risk for co-occurring anxiety, pain, depression, unhealthy alcohol use, and other substance use among people with HIV and HIV-uninfected individuals in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study. We also examine the potential impact of reducing unhealthy alcohol use and depressive symptoms on the incidence of co-occurring conditions. We found that screening for alcohol and depression may help identify co-occurring symptoms of anxiety, depression, and pain interference, treating unhealthy alcohol use may improve co-occurring pain interference and substance use, and improving depressive symptoms may improve co-occurring anxiety, pain interference, and smoking. We propose that an integrated approach to screening and treatment for unhealthy alcohol use, depression, anxiety, pain, and other substance use may facilitate diagnostic assessment and treatment of these conditions, improving morbidity and mortality.
Are We Comparing Apples with Oranges? Assessing Improvement Across Symptoms, Functioning, and Goal Progress for Adolescent Anxiety and Depression
Authors: Krause Karolin Rose , Edbrooke-Childs Julian , Singleton Rosie , Wolpert Miranda 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStrategies for comparing routinely collected outcome data across services or systems include focusing on a common indicator (e.g., symptom change) or aggregating results from different measures or outcomes into a comparable core metric. The implications of either approach for judging treatment success are not fully understood. This study drew on naturalistic outcome data from 1641 adolescents with moderate or severe anxiety and/or depression symptoms who received routine specialist care across 60 mental health services in England. The study compared rates of meaningful improvement between the domains of internalizing symptoms, functioning, and progress towards self-defined goals. Consistent cross-domain improvement was observed in only 15.6% of cases. Close to one in four (24.0%) young people with reliably improved symptoms reported no reliable improvement in functioning. Inversely, one in three (34.8%) young people reported meaningful goal progress but no reliable symptom improvement. Monitoring systems that focus exclusively on symptom change risk over- or under-estimating actual impact, while aggregating different outcomes into a single metric can mask informative differences in the number and type of outcomes showing improvement. A move towards harmonized outcome measurement approaches across multiple domains is needed to ensure fair and meaningful comparisons.
Who wants ‘the worst of the worst’? Rationales for and consequences of third country resettlement of Guantanamo Bay detainees
Authors: Rietveld Gaia , van Wijk Joris , Bolhuis Maarten P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAgainst the backdrop of countries increasingly being confronted with undesirable but unreturnable non-citizen terrorist suspects, this article describes the resettlement process of 150 cleared but unreturnable Guantanamo Bay detainees. Merely 13% of these detainees have been resettled in full democracies, compared to 52% in authoritarian regimes. Using Starkley et al.’s concept of ‘zone agreement’ the article explains how the U.S. particularly managed to incentivize pragmatically oriented – rather than idealistically motivated – governments to engage in third country resettlement [16]. From the perspective of the U.S. the resettlement scheme can be considered relatively successful, while the experiences of resettlement countries and the resettled detainees themselves have been very mixed.
Against Methodological Gambling
Authors: Trpin Borut 
Published: April 2021

AbstractShould a scientist rely on methodological triangulation? Heesen et al. (Synthese 196(8):3067–3081, 2019) recently provided a convincing affirmative answer. However, their approach requires belief gambles if the evidence is discordant. We instead propose epistemically modest triangulation (EMT), according to which one should withhold judgement in such cases. We show that for a scientist in a methodologically diffident situation the expected utility of EMT is greater than that of Heesen et al.’s (2019) triangulation or that of using a single method. We also show that EMT is more appropriate for increasing epistemic trust in science. In short: triangulate, but do not gamble with evidence.
Association between early recurrences of atrial tachyarrhythmias and long-term outcomes in patients after repeat atrial fibrillation ablation
Authors: Darden Douglas , Aldaas Omar , Malladi Chaitanya L. , Mylavarapu Praneet S. , Munir Muhammad Bilal , Han Frederick T. , Hoffmayer Kurt S. , Raissi Farshad , Ho Gordon , Krummen David , Feld Gregory K. , Hsu Jonathan C. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Early recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmia (ER) is predictive of late recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmia (LR) after first-time atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation, but the association in patients undergoing repeat AF ablation is unknown. We aim to determine the incidence and prognostic significance of ER after repeat ablation.

Methods
A total of 259 consecutive patients (mean age 64 years, 75.3% male) undergoing repeat AF ablation with complete follow-up data were included at a single institution from 2010 to 2015. ER and LR were defined as atrial tachyarrhythmia (AF, atrial flutter or atrial tachycardia) > 30 s within the 3-month blanking period (BP) and after the 3-month BP, respectively.

Results
ER occurred in 79/259 (30.5%), and LR occurred in 138/259 (53%) at a median follow-up of 1221 (IQR: 523–1712) days. Four-year freedom from LR was 22% and 56% in patients with and without ER, respectively (p < 0.001). After multivariate adjustment, ER was strongly associated with LR, cardioversion post BP, and repeat ablation, but not associated with hospitalization. Compared to those with no ER, there was a higher risk of LR when ER occurred within the first month of the BP [month 1: hazard ratio (HR) 2.32, confidence interval (CI) 1.57–3.74, p < 0.001; month 2: HR 2.01, CI 1.13–3.83, p = 0.02; month 3: HR 1.46, CI 0.5–3.36, p = 0.37], however the prediction of LR based on timing within the BP was poor (area under curve 0.64).

Conclusion
Following repeat AF ablation, ER is strongly associated with LR, cardioversion post BP, and repeat ablation.