bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emulator-based global sensitivity analysis for flow-like landslide run-out models
Authors: Zhao Hu , Amann Florian , Kowalski Julia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLandslide run-out modeling involves various uncertainties originating from model input data. It is therefore desirable to assess the model’s sensitivity to these uncertain inputs. A global sensitivity analysis that is capable of exploring the entire input space and accounts for all interactions often remains limited due to computational challenges resulting from a large number of necessary model runs. We address this research gap by integrating Gaussian process emulation into landslide run-out modeling and apply it to the open-source simulation tool r.avaflow. The feasibility and efficiency of our approach is illustrated based on the 2017 Bondo landslide event. The sensitivity of aggregated model outputs, such as the angle of reach, impact area, and spatially resolved maximum flow height and velocity, to the dry-Coulomb friction coefficient, turbulent friction coefficient, and the release volume is studied. The results of first-order effects are consistent with previous results of common one-at-a-time sensitivity analyses. In addition to that, our approach allows us to rigorously investigate interactions. Strong interactions are detected on the margins of the flow path where the expectation and variation of maximum flow height and velocity are small. The interactions generally become weak with an increasing variation of maximum flow height and velocity. Besides, there are stronger interactions between the two friction coefficients than between the release volume and each friction coefficient. In the future, it is promising to extend the approach for other computationally expensive tasks like uncertainty quantification, model calibration, and smart early warning.
Learning and planning with logical automata
Authors: Araki Brandon , Vodrahalli Kiran , Leech Thomas , Vasile Cristian-Ioan , Donahue Mark , Rus Daniela 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe introduce a method to learn policies from expert demonstrations that are interpretable and manipulable. We achieve interpretability by modeling the interactions between high-level actions as an automaton with connections to formal logic. We achieve manipulability by integrating this automaton into planning via Logical Value Iteration, so that changes to the automaton have predictable effects on the learned behavior. These qualities allow a human user to first understand what the model has learned, and then either correct the learned behavior or zero-shot generalize to new, similar tasks. Our inference method requires only low-level trajectories and a description of the environment in order to learn high-level rules. We achieve this by using a deep Bayesian nonparametric hierarchical model. We test our model on several domains of interest and also show results for a real-world implementation on a mobile robotic arm platform for lunchbox-packing and cabinet-opening tasks.
Multiple roles of cardiac macrophages in heart homeostasis and failure
Authors: Moskalik Aneta , Niderla-Bielińska Justyna , Ratajska Anna 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMacrophages are essential components of the immune system and play a role in the normal functioning of the cardiovascular system. Depending on their origin and phenotype, cardiac macrophages perform various functions. In a steady-state, these cells play a beneficial role in maintaining cardiac homeostasis by defending the body from pathogens and eliminating apoptotic cells, participating in electrical conduction, vessel patrolling, and arterial tone regulation. However, macrophages also take part in adverse cardiac remodeling that could lead to the development and progression of heart failure (HF) in such HF comorbidities as hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and myocardial infarction. Nevertheless, studies on detailed mechanisms of cardiac macrophage function are still in progress, and could enable potential therapeutic applications of these cells. This review aims to present the latest reports on the origin, heterogeneity, and functions of cardiac macrophages in the healthy heart and in cardiovascular diseases leading to HF. The potential therapeutic use of macrophages is also briefly discussed.
NBAS Variants Are Associated with Quantitative and Qualitative NK and B Cell Deficiency
Authors: Lenz Dominic , Pahl Jens , Hauck Fabian , Alameer Seham , Balasubramanian Meena , Baric Ivo , Boy Nikolas , Church Joseph A. , Crushell Ellen , Dick Anke , Distelmaier Felix , Gujar Jidnyasa , Indolfi Giuseppe , Lurz Eberhard , Peters Bianca , Schwerd Tobias , Serranti Daniele , Kölker Stefan , Klein Christoph , Hoffmann Georg F. , Prokisch Holger , Greil Johann , Cerwenka Adelheid , Giese Thomas , Staufner Christian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Biallelic pathogenic NBAS variants manifest as a multisystem disorder with heterogeneous clinical phenotypes such as recurrent acute liver failure, growth retardation, and susceptibility to infections. This study explores how NBAS-associated disease affects cells of the innate and adaptive immune system.

Methods
Clinical and laboratory parameters were combined with functional multi-parametric immunophenotyping methods in fifteen NBAS-deficient patients to discover possible alterations in their immune system.

Results
Our study revealed reduced absolute numbers of mature CD56dim natural killer (NK) cells. Notably, the residual NK cell population in NBAS-deficient patients exerted a lower potential for activation and degranulation in response to K562 target cells, suggesting an NK cell–intrinsic role for NBAS in the release of cytotoxic granules. NBAS-deficient NK cell activation and degranulation was normalized upon pre-activation by IL-2 in vitro, suggesting that functional impairment was reversible. In addition, we observed a reduced number of naïve B cells in the peripheral blood associated with hypogammaglobulinemia.

Conclusion
In summary, we demonstrate that pathogenic biallelic variants in NBAS are associated with dysfunctional NK cells as well as impaired adaptive humoral immunity.
Outcome of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in patients with Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Diseases
Authors: Radwan Nesrine , Nademi Zohreh , Lum Su Han , Flood Terry , Abinun Mario , Owens Stephen , Williams Eleri , Gennery Andrew R. , Hambleton Sophie , Slatter Mary A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPredisposition to mycobacterial infection is a key presenting feature of several rare inborn errors of intrinsic and innate immunity. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can be curative for such conditions, but published reports are few. We present a retrospective survey of the outcome of 11 affected patients (7 males, 4 females) who underwent HSCT between 2007 and 2019. Eight patients had disseminated mycobacterial infection prior to transplant. Median age at first transplant was 48 months (9 -192); three patients were successfully re-transplanted due to secondary graft failure. Donors were matched family (1), matched unrelated (3), and mismatched unrelated and haploidentical family (5 each). Stem cell source was peripheral blood (9), bone marrow (4), and cord blood (1). TCRαβ/CD19 + depletion was performed in 6. Conditioning regimens were treosulfan, fludarabine (4), with additional thiotepa (in 8), and fludarabine, melphalan (2); all had serotherapy with alemtuzumab (8) or anti T-lymphocyte globulin (6). Median hospital stay was 113 days (36–330). Three patients developed acute grade I-II skin and one grade IV skin graft versus host disease. Four patients had immune-reconstitution syndrome. Two reactivated cytomegalovirus (CMV), 1 Epstein-Barr virus, and 3 adenovirus post HSCT. Nine are alive, 1 died early post-transplant from CMV, and the other was a late death from pneumococcal sepsis. Patients with active mycobacterial infection at HSCT continued anti-mycobacterial therapy for almost 12 months. In conclusion, HSCT is a successful treatment for patients with mycobacterial susceptibility even with disseminated mycobacterial infection and in the absence of an HLA matched donor.
Grounding global environmental assessments through bottom-up futures based on local practices and perspectives
Authors: Pereira Laura , Asrar Ghassem R. , Bhargava Rohan , Fisher Laur Hesse , Hsu Angel , Jabbour Jason , Nel Jeanne , Selomane Odirilwe , Sitas Nadia , Trisos Christopher , Ward James , van den Ende Mandy , Vervoort Joost , Weinfurter Amy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFuture scenarios and pathways of potential development trajectories are powerful tools to assist with decision-making to address many sustainability challenges. Such scenarios play a major role in global environmental assessments (GEAs). Currently, however, scenarios in GEAs are mostly developed at the global level by experts and researchers, and locally imagined, bottom-up scenarios do not play a role in such assessments. In this paper, we argue that addressing future sustainability challenges for achieving more equitable development in GEAs requires a more explicit role for bottom-up inspired futures. To this end, this paper employs an innovative global assessment framework for exploring alternative futures that are grounded in local realities and existing practical actions, and that can be appropriately scaled to the required decision-making level. This framework was applied in the context of the UN’s Global Environment Outlook 6, a major example of a GEA. We developed novel methods for synthesizing insights from a wide range of local practices and perspectives into global futures. We collected information from crowdsourcing platforms, outcomes of participatory workshops in different regions of the world, and an assessment of reported regional outlooks. We analysed these according to a framework also used by an integrated assessment model in the same GEA. We conclude that bottom-up approaches to identify and assess transformative solutions that envision future pathways towards greater sustainability significantly strengthen current GEA scenario-development approaches. They provide decision makers with required actionable information based on tangible synergistic solutions that have been tested on the ground. This work has revealed that there are significant opportunities for the integration of bottom-up knowledge and insights into GEAs, to make such assessments more salient and valuable to decision makers.
Poor quality of life and sleep in patients with adrenal insufficiency—another cause of increased mortality?
Authors: Blacha Antje K. , Kropp Peter , Rahvar Amir H. , Flitsch Jörg , van de Loo Iris , Harbeck Birgit 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI) are treated with glucocorticoid replacement therapy (GRT). Although current glucocorticoid regimens aim to mimic the physiological circadian rhythm of cortisol secretion, temporary phases of hypo- and hypercortisolism are common undesired effects which lead to a variety of consequences like increased cardiovascular risk and premature mortality. Additionally, poor quality of life (QoL) and impaired sleep have been reported. However, little is known about these topics regarding the effects of daily dosage, duration of therapy, and patients with different forms of AI (primary, PAI, and secondary, SAI).

Methods
In this study, 40 adults with AI substituted with hydrocortisone (HC) and 20 matched healthy controls completed questionnaires evaluating depressive symptoms, subjective health status, quality of sleep and daytime sleepiness. Furthermore, demographic data, dosage of HC, duration of therapy and co-medication were evaluated. Patients were compared in different groups.

Results
Patients assessed general health significantly worse than controls; likewise, daytime sleepiness was reported significantly more often. Depressive symptoms differed significantly in the two groups but did not reach clinically relevant scores. There was no difference between patients with PAI and SAI. High dosage of hydrocortisone had negative impact on mental health but not on sleep quality or daytime sleepiness.

Conclusions
The present data highlight that poor QoL and impaired sleep are still severe and underrated issues in current GRT and might be additional factors for premature mortality in patients with AI. Some AI patients reach normal or near-normal self-assessed QoL and sleep, even despite unphysiological replacement.
If-then planning, self-control, and boredom as predictors of adherence to social distancing guidelines: Evidence from a two-wave longitudinal study with a behavioral intervention
Authors: Bieleke Maik , Martarelli Corinna S. , Wolff Wanja 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the wake of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), social distancing is instrumental for containing the pandemic. To maximize its effectiveness, it is paramount to investigate psychological factors that predict adherence to social distancing guidelines and examine corresponding interventions. We focused on individual differences in if-then planning, self-control, and boredom, and tested an intervention based on if-then planning. We conducted a two-wave longitudinal study combining observational and experimental methods. Participants (N = 574, 35.7% female, age: M = 37.5 years, SD = 10.8) reported their adherence to social distancing guidelines and the perceived difficulty of adherence at T1, along with trait measures of if-then planning, self-control, and boredom. Afterwards, they were randomly assigned to an if-then planning intervention to increase adherence, or to a control intervention. One week later at T2, participants again reported their adherence and the perceived difficulty of adhering. Multiple regression and structural equation modeling were used to establish whether trait if-then planning, self-control, and boredom predicted adherence, and to examine the effects of the if-then planning intervention. Trait if-then planning, self-control, and boredom were associated with T1 adherence, while only if-then planning and boredom predicted T2 adherence. No overall treatment effect of the if-then planning intervention emerged; however, participants who complied with the intervention (75.6%) maintained higher levels of adherence over time than control participants. In sum, individual differences in if-then planning, self-control, and boredom predicted adherence to social distancing guidelines. If-then planning interventions are promising but require further steps to ascertain compliance.
The capacity and cognitive processing of vibrotactile working memory for frequency
Authors: Wang Chundi , Deng Hu , Dong Yu , Zhang Xuemin , Wang Da-Hui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA hallmark of working memory (WM) is its limited capacity. While visual and verbal domains of WM are able to store multiple items, the capacity of parametric vibrotactile WM (vtWM) has not yet been established for supra-threshold, one-dimensional sensory vibrotactile frequencies. The present study extends the standard delayed match-to-sample vibrotactile discrimination task to determine the capacity of the vtWM and its cognitive mechanism. Here, by presenting subjects with 2 to 6 vibratory frequencies sequentially in each trial, the present study demonstrates that it is possible to retain about only two vibrotactile frequencies information in vtWM. The results also showed that the capacity of vtWM does not depend on whether sequentially presented vibrotactile frequencies are delivered to the same or to different fingers. At the same time, the rate of correct report depends on sequence length and when in the sequence the stimuli are presented, suggesting the dynamic updating of vtWM similar to that of visual WM.
Six new species of coffee (Coffea) from northern Madagascar
Authors: Davis Aaron P. , Rakotonasolo Franck 
Published: August 2021

SummarySix new species of Coffea are described as new to science: Coffea callmanderi, C. darainensis, C. kalobinonensis, C. microdubardii, C. pustulata and C. rupicola. All six species are endemic to northern Madagascar; four species are narrowly endemic to specific forest areas. Associated information, including distribution maps, conservation assessments, phenology and taxonomic notes are provided, and two species are illustrated with line drawings.
Clinical outcome of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with modified transtibial and anteromedial portal
Authors: Vijayan S. , Kyalakond H. , Kulkarni M. S. , Aroor M. N. , Shetty S. , Bhat V. , Rao S. K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractArthroscopic ACL reconstruction is the current standard care of treatment for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Modified transtibial (mTT) and anteromedial portal (AMP) techniques aim at the anatomical placement of femoral tunnel. Controversy existed in the literature with regard to the outcome of these techniques. Hence, we designed a retrospective comparative study to analyse the clinical and functional outcomes of mTT and AMP techniques. We hypothesized that there would be no difference between the clinical and functional outcomes in mTT and AMP techniques. This retrospective observational study was conducted in consecutive patients who underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using semitendinosus-gracilis (STG) quadrupled graft in our tertiary care centre with a minimum follow-up of two years. Out of 69 patients, 37 had undergone ACL reconstruction by mTT technique and remaining by AMP technique. All the patients were assessed clinically by anterior drawer, Lachman’s, pivot shift and single-legged hop test. Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective knee evaluation score were used for the functional status. Knee instability was assessed objectively by KT-1000 arthrometer. There was no statistically significant difference in baseline demographic characteristics between mTT and AMP groups. At the end of 2 years, no statistically significant difference was noted in the anterior drawer and Lachman’s test. Though not significant, IKDC scores and Lysholm’s scores showed a better outcome in the AMP group when compared to the mTT group. AMP group showed significantly better outcome with KT-1000 arthrometer. Based on the results obtained, we presume that overall both mTT and AMP have similar functional outcome. However, as AMP technique offers significantly improved subjective rotational stability on pivot shift test, better hop limb symmetry index and KT 1000 readings compared to mTT, we suggest AMP over mTT.
Robocalypse? Yes, Please! The Role of Robot Autonomy in the Development of Ambivalent Attitudes Towards Robots
Authors: Stapels Julia G. , Eyssel Friederike 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAttitudes towards robots are not always unequivocally positive or negative: when attitudes encompass both strong positive and strong negative evaluations about an attitude object, people experience an unpleasant state of evaluative conflict, called ambivalence. To shed light on ambivalence towards robots, we conducted a mixed-methods experiment with N = 163 German university students that investigated the influence of robot autonomy on robot-related attitudes. With technological progress, robots become increasingly autonomous. We hypothesized that high levels of robot autonomy would increase both positive and negative robot-related evaluations, resulting in more attitudinal ambivalence. We experimentally manipulated robot autonomy through text vignettes and assessed objective ambivalence (i.e., the amount of reported conflicting thoughts and feelings) and subjective ambivalence (i.e., self-reported experienced conflict) towards the robot ‘VIVA’ using qualitative and quantitative measures. Autonomy did not impact objective ambivalence. However, subjective ambivalence was higher towards the robot high versus low in autonomy. Interestingly, this effect turned non-significant when controlling for individual differences in technology commitment. Qualitative results were categorized by two independent raters into assets (e.g., assistance, companionship) and risks (e.g., privacy/data security, social isolation). Taken together, the present research demonstrated that attitudes towards robots are indeed ambivalent and that this ambivalence might influence behavioral intentions towards robots. Moreover, the findings highlight the important role of technology commitment. Finally, qualitative results shed light on potential users’ concerns and aspirations. This way, these data provide useful insights into factors that facilitate human–robot research.
Dimensionality reduction in the context of dynamic social media data streams
Authors: Heusinger Moritz , Raab Christoph , Schleif Frank-Michael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn recent years social media became an important part of everyday life for many people. A big challenge of social media is, to find posts, that are interesting for the user. Many social networks like Twitter handle this problem with so-called hashtags. A user can label his own Tweet (post) with a hashtag, while other users can search for posts containing a specified hashtag. But what about finding posts which are not labeled by the creator? We provide a way of completing hashtags for unlabeled posts using classification on a novel real-world Twitter data stream. New posts will be created every second, thus this context fits perfectly for non-stationary data analysis. Our goal is to show, how labels (hashtags) of social media posts can be predicted by stream classifiers. In particular, we employ random projection (RP) as a preprocessing step in calculating streaming models. Also, we provide a novel real-world data set for streaming analysis called NSDQ with a comprehensive data description. We show that this dataset is a real challenge for state-of-the-art stream classifiers. While RP has been widely used and evaluated in stationary data analysis scenarios, non-stationary environments are not well analyzed. In this paper, we provide a use case of RP on real-world streaming data, especially on NSDQ dataset. We discuss why RP can be used in this scenario and how it can handle stream-specific situations like concept drift. We also provide experiments with RP on streaming data, using state-of-the-art stream classifiers like adaptive random forest and concept drift detectors. Additionally, we experimentally evaluate an online principal component analysis (PCA) approach in the same fashion as we do for RP. To obtain higher dimensional synthetic streams, we use random Fourier features (RFF) in an online manner which allows us, to increase the number of dimensions of low dimensional streams.