bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quadriceps muscle strength recovery with the use of high tone power therapy after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ogrodzka-Ciechanowicz Katarzyna , Głąb Grzegorz , Ślusarski Jakub , Gądek Artur 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
There are no scientific reports clearly describing the effectiveness of the High Tone Power Therapy in patients after ACL reconstruction. This caused that in own research an attempt was made to present the possibilities of using the selected method of electrical stimulation in the treatment of an orthopaedic patient. The aim was to assess the effectiveness of electro stimulation of the quadriceps muscle in patients after ACL reconstruction, with the use of High Tone Power Therapy.

Methods
In randomized controlled trial took part thirty-five men, aged 21–50, after ACL reconstruction. The tests were carried prior to and 6 months following the ACL reconstruction. After the surgery, the patients were randomly divided into experimental group (17 patients) with the High Tone Power Therapy in rehabilitation and control group (18 patients) without the High Tone Power Therapy. Patients were subjected to 6-month rehabilitation. Research tools included the measurement of muscle strength torque, ROM, knee and thigh circumference measurements, the Lysholm and the VAS scale.

Results
After applying HiToP, the analysis showed a statistically significant improvement of muscle torque (p = 0.041, Es = 3.71), knee circumference (p = 0.039, Es = 1.65), thigh circumference (p = 0.049, Es = 1.26), knee extension (p < 0.001, Es = 2.20) in Experimental group compared to the control group. Only the results of the VAS scale did not differ statistically significantly both within a given group and between groups.

Conclusions
The results confirm the hypothesis that the use of HiToP in patients after ACLr have a beneficial effect on muscle strength, reduction of joint effusion, muscle mass gain and joint function. The assumption that HiToP significantly reduces pain levels is not supported - the results in both groups are statistically insignificant.

Trial registration
The research project was retrospectively registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR). Date of first registration 11.10.2016. Registration number: ACTRN12616001416482.
What are the effects of diagnostic imaging on clinical outcomes in patients with low back pain presenting for chiropractic care: a matched observational study
Authors: Jenkins Hazel J. , Kongsted Alice , French Simon D. , Jensen Tue Secher , Doktor Klaus , Hartvigsen Jan , Hancock Mark 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Evidence suggests that diagnostic imaging for low back pain does not improve care in the absence of suspicion of serious pathology. However, the effect of imaging use on clinical outcomes has not been investigated in patients presenting to chiropractors. The aim of this study was to determine if diagnostic imaging affects clinical outcomes in patients with low back pain presenting for chiropractic care.

Methods
A matched observational study using prospective longitudinal observational data with one year follow up was performed in primary care chiropractic clinics in Denmark. Data was collected from November 2016 to December 2019. Participants included low back pain patients presenting for chiropractic care, who were either referred or not referred for diagnostic imaging during their initial visit. Patients were excluded if they were less than 18 years old, had a diagnosis of underlying pathology, or had previous imaging relevant to their current clinical presentation. Coarsened exact matching was used to match participants referred for diagnostic imaging with participants not referred for diagnostic imaging on baseline variables including participant demographics, pain characteristics, and clinical history. Mixed linear and logistic regression models were used to assess the effect of imaging on back pain intensity and disability at two-weeks, three-months, and one-year, and on global perceived effect and satisfaction with care at two-weeks.

Results
2162 patients were included, with 24.1% referred for imaging. Near perfect balance between matched groups was achieved for baseline variables except age and leg pain. Participants referred for imaging had slightly higher back pain intensity at two-weeks (0.4, 95%CI: 0.1, 0.8) and one-year (0.4, 95%CI: 0.0, 0.7), and disability at two-weeks (5.7, 95%CI: 1.4, 10.0), but the changes are unlikely to be clinically meaningful. No difference between groups was found for the other outcome measures. Similar results were found when sensitivity analysis, adjusted for age and leg pain intensity, was performed.

Conclusions
Diagnostic imaging did not result in better clinical outcomes in patients with low back pain presenting for chiropractic care. These results support that current guideline recommendations against routine imaging apply equally to chiropractic practice.
Rare case of skeletal third class in a subject suffering from Solitary Median Maxillary Central Incisor syndrome (SMMCI) associated to panhypopituitarism
Authors: Nota Alessandro , Ehsani Shideh , Pittari Laura , Gastaldi Giorgio , Tecco Simona 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The median solitary maxillary central incisor syndrome (SMMCI) is a rare malformative syndrome consisting of multiple defects, mainly found on the body midline. It can be correlated to the etiopathological and phenotypic pattern of panhypopituitarism. This case-report describes the rare case of a patient suffering from SMMCI and panhypopituitarism, showing an unusual craniofacial morphology.

Case presentation
From the cephalometric analysis, a skeletal class III was identified (despite the other cases described in literature described as skeletal class II), derived from hypomaxillia and mandibular protrusion. A convex lip profile, with tendency to mandibular hyper-divergency, airway patency, anterior and posterior cross-bite were observed. At the clinical examination, a maxillary cant was evident on the frontal plane that appeared asymmetric, with the prevalence of the third lower part of the face. There were some dysmorphic signs such as: small nose, rectilinear eyelid line and reduced interocular distance.

Conclusions
The present clinical case shows how, despite the literature, SMMCI can be associated with a III skeletal class, with maxillary hypoplasia and mandibular protrusion. The interdisciplinary collaboration between dentist and pediatrician is therefore important for the early interception of the malocclusions associated with these syndromes.
Absence of menstruation in female athletes: why they do not seek help
Authors: Verhoef Saskia J. , Wielink Merel C. , Achterberg Edwin A. , Bongers Marlies Y. , Goossens Simone M. T. A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
It is known that amenorrhea is highly prevalent among female athletes. However, a large percentage of them do not seek help if this complaint occurs. We performed this study to gain more insight into the reasons why female athletes do not seek help when experiencing amenorrhea and how care for these women could be improved.

Method
Qualitative focus group research. Female athletes were approached to take part in a focus group. They were asked about the main reasons for not reporting amenorrhea and how care for amenorrhea, in their opinion, would ideally be organised. The women were asked to make a list of their top five reasons for both subjects and discuss this among their peers.

Results
According to the participants, the five main reasons for not reporting the amenorrhea were: (1) normalizing of the subject, (2) the absence of menstruation is not perceived as a problem by the athletes themselves, (3) experienced shame and taboo, (4) prioritisation of sports performance, and (5) denial. Factors to improve care around menstrual cycle problems in female athletes were: (1) informing athletes, coaches, trainers and mentors, (2) informing doctors, (3) conducting more research on long-term consequences, (4) breaking the taboo on menstrual problems, and (5) having a multidisciplinary collaboration between different specialisms.

Conclusion
By informing athletes, coaches, trainers, and mentors about menstrual cycle problems in athletes, more awareness among those groups can be created. According to the athletes, more research is needed on the long-term consequences of amenorrhea in sports, to enable them to make a better assessment of their possible future health risks. Women experience a taboo on discussing menstrual problems; role models discussing the problem may help in decreasing the taboo. A multidisciplinary collaboration of health care providers may improve care around female athletes with menstrual problems.
Improving methods to measure comparable mortality by cause (IMMCMC): gold standard verbal autopsy dataset
Authors: Hazard Riley H. , Chowdhury Hafizur Rahman , Flaxman Abraham D. , Joseph Jonathan C. , Alam Nurul , Riley Ian Douglas , Streatfield Peter Kim , Gouda Hebe , Maraga Seri , Rarau Patricia , Sanvictores Diozele , Tallo Veronica , Lucero Marilla , Lopez Alan D. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Gold standard cause of death data is critically important to improve verbal autopsy (VA) methods in diagnosing cause of death where civil and vital registration systems are inadequate or poor. As part of a three-country research study—Improving Methods to Measure Comparable Mortality by Cause (IMMCMC) study—data were collected on clinicopathological criteria-based gold standard cause of death from hospital record reviews with matched VAs. The purpose of this data note is to make accessible a de-identified format of these gold standard VAs for interested researchers to improve the diagnostic accuracy of VA methods.

Data description
The study was conducted between 2011 and 2014 in the Philippines, Bangladesh, and Papua New Guinea. Gold standard diagnoses of underlying causes of death for deaths occurring in hospital were matched to VAs conducted using a standardized VA questionnaire developed by the Population Health Metrics Consortium. 3512 deaths were collected in total, comprised of 2491 adults (12 years and older), 320 children (28 days to 12 years), and 702 neonates (0–27 days).
Atopy in Kashmir-validation from a case control study with respect to IgE and Interleukin genes
Authors: Qurashi Taha Ashraf , Shah Aaliya , Bhat Gulzar Ahmad , Khan Mosin Saleem , Rasool Roohi , Mudassar Syed 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Increased levels of serum Immunoglobulin-E (IgE) and different genetic variants of cytokines are common biochemical manifestation in Allergy. The current study was aimed to study the association of IgE and different variants of Interleukin-4 (IL-4), and Interleukin-13 (IL-13) genes with different kind of allergies.

Methods
A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect all the dietary, life style and clinical details by a trained staff. A blood sample of 2 ml each was collected in coagulated and anti-coagulated vials. DNA and serum samples were extracted and stored until further use. Serum IgE were estimated by ELISA while as the genotypic analysis was done by PCR–RFLP methods.

Results
Statistically a significant difference of serum IgE levels were observed among cases and controls (P < 0.05). The observed significant difference of serum IgE levels were retained among subjects who also harboured variant genotypes of IL-4 and IL-13 genes (P < 0.05). Additionally, the above genetic variants significantly modified the risk of allergy when stratification was done based on various clinical characteristics.

Conclusion
Our study suggests that increased IgE levels and in association with variant forms of IL-4 and IL-13 genes are significantly associated with different types of allergies in study population.
What do patents tell us about microalgae in agriculture?
Authors: Murata Mayara Mari , Ito Morioka Luiz Rodrigo , Da Silva Marques Josemeyre Bonifacio , Bosso Alessandra , Suguimoto Hélio Hiroshi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMicroalgae have been used widely as a biological source for several industries, such as biofuel, pharmaceutical and food. Recently, the agricultural industry has also began using microalgae as an alternative source for sustainable products to replace agrochemicals. Due to the lack of scientific articles in this research area, the objective of this study was to search for applications of microalgae and to characterize its use in agriculture using the patent documents available in three patent databases, World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), European Patent Office (EPO) and Brazilian Institute of Industrial Property (INPI). The search was carried out using the keyword “microalgae” and applying the filter for International Patent Classification (IPC) code “A01N” which corresponds to patents related to agriculture and cultivation of microalgae. Our patent database search returned 669 documents and 132 patents were selected for the study based on their abstracts. The first patent was registered in 1982 and described the use of microalgae Chlorella extract as a plant growth promoter. After that, no patent was registered for 15 years. From 2005 to 2014, only seven patents were found. However, the scenario changed from 2015 when the number of patents increased mainly in the United States, China and Europe. The patent analysis showed several applications for microalgae in the agricultural sector, such as plant growth promotion, biofertilization, plant disease control, weed management, and post-harvest quality. This review confirmed the increasing interest in microalgae-derived products in agriculture and the value of using patent documents to assess innovative areas.
TLR2 and TLR4 in Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis: the environment takes a toll on the gut
Authors: Gorecki Anastazja M. , Anyaegbu Chidozie C. , Anderton Ryan S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is an incurable, devastating disorder that is characterized by pathological protein aggregation and neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra. In recent years, growing evidence has implicated the gut environment and the gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis and progression of PD, especially in a subset of people who exhibit prodromal gastrointestinal dysfunction. Specifically, perturbations of gut homeostasis are hypothesized to contribute to α-synuclein aggregation in enteric neurons, which may spread to the brain over decades and eventually result in the characteristic central nervous system manifestations of PD, including neurodegeneration and motor impairments. However, the mechanisms linking gut disturbances and α-synuclein aggregation are still unclear. A plethora of research indicates that toll-like receptors (TLRs), especially TLR2 and TLR4, are critical mediators of gut homeostasis. Alongside their established role in innate immunity throughout the body, studies are increasingly demonstrating that TLR2 and TLR4 signalling shapes the development and function of the gut and the enteric nervous system. Notably, TLR2 and TLR4 are dysregulated in patients with PD, and may thus be central to early gut dysfunction in PD. To better understand the putative contribution of intestinal TLR2 and TLR4 dysfunction to early α-synuclein aggregation and PD, we critically discuss the role of TLR2 and TLR4 in normal gut function as well as evidence for altered TLR2 and TLR4 signalling in PD, by reviewing clinical, animal model and in vitro research. Growing evidence on the immunological aetiology of α-synuclein aggregation is also discussed, with a focus on the interactions of α-synuclein with TLR2 and TLR4. We propose a conceptual model of PD pathogenesis in which microbial dysbiosis alters the permeability of the intestinal barrier as well as TLR2 and TLR4 signalling, ultimately leading to a positive feedback loop of chronic gut dysfunction promoting α-synuclein aggregation in enteric and vagal neurons. In turn, α-synuclein aggregates may then migrate to the brain via peripheral nerves, such as the vagal nerve, to contribute to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration typically associated with PD.
Developing a COVID-19 module for the European Social Survey
Authors: Hanson Tim , Helbling Marc , Maxwell Rahsaan , Traunmüller Richard , Gemenis Kostas , Littvay Levente 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis short report describes the development of a COVID-19 module for Round 10 of the European Social Survey (ESS). The module is formed of 20 items, including 10 agreed with ESS National Coordinators and 10 developed by two academic teams following an external call for content. The majority of ESS participating countries will field the module for Round 10 fieldwork in 2020–2021. This report provides the rationale for the module, presents challenges of developing such a module for ESS, and gives an overview of the question development and testing process. The two external sub-modules—Government authority and legitimacy in the age of a pandemic and COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs and government rule compliance—are also introduced.
CT perfusion for response evaluation after interventional ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective study
Authors: Osman Mohamed Fouad , Shawali Islam H. , Metwally Lamiaa I. A. , Kamel Ahmed Hosni , Ibrahim Mohamed El Sherbiny 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Computed tomography (CT) perfusion was found to be useful in assessing treatment response in a variety of cancers through the evaluation in the arterial perfusion changes. We investigated the performance of CT perfusion parameters for assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) response to radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE). We conducted a prospective diagnostic test accuracy study that recruited 70 HCC patients who were scheduled to undergo TACE or RFA. For each dynamic CT scan acquisition, four single perfusion CT image maps were generated, including functional maps of blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), mean transit time (MTT), and permeability surface (PS).

Results
In TACE-treated lesions, the BV achieved a sensitivity and specific of 100% and 83.3%, at a cutoff level of ≤ 122 ml/min/100 gm, for responders. Likewise, at a cutoff level of > 10 s, transit time had a sensitivity of 90.5% and specificity of 100%. At a cutoff level of ≤ 14 ml/min/100 gm, the PS had a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 83.33% for responders. In RFA-treated lesions, at a cutoff level of ≤ 170 ml/min/100 gm and ≤ 11 ml/100 gm, the BF and BV had a sensitivity of 100% and specificity 100%, respectively, for responders. At a cutoff level of ≤ 11 ml/min/100 gm, PS had a sensitivity 77.27% and specificity 80%.

Conclusions
The present study confirms the feasibility of CT perfusion for assessment of response to TACE and RFA among patients with HCC.
Awareness of the risk factors of stroke among non-teaching staff of the Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Okonkwo Uchenna Prosper , Uzuh Favour Nnenna , Nwankwo Maduaburochukwu Joseph , Okoye Emmanuel Chiebuka , Ummuna Joseph Onuwa , Igwe Emeka Sylvester , Maduagwu Stanley Monday , Ani Kenneth Umezulike , Akobundu Uzoamaka Nwakaego , Nwanne Chiamaka Ann 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The prevalence of stroke is increasing in Nigeria due to a lack of awareness of their predisposing factors. There is therefore a need for good knowledge and awareness of stroke risk factors in the general populations. Thus, this study assessed the level of awareness of stroke risk factors among non-teaching staff in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria.

Results
Most of the participants were female, 89 (69%), and had a post-graduate degree, 84 (65.1%). A total of 129 participants participated in this survey, and 91 (70.5%) were familiar with the term “stroke.” The commonest risk factors were high blood pressure (86%), stress (74.4%), and lack of exercise (63.6%). The study showed that the awareness of stroke risk factors among the participants was poor (40.3%).

Conclusion
Stroke awareness was poor among the participants with the highest risk of stroke despite their high literacy level. Female participants, with a postgraduate level qualification and working as senior non-teaching staff, had a better awareness of stroke risk factors than their male colleagues. This shows a need to increase stroke awareness campaigns in the community.
Type II Abernethy malformation in an adult male patient—a rare and reversible cause of pulmonary hypertension: a case report with review of literature
Authors: Agarwal Arjun , Bhangale Durvesh , Sawardekar Vinayak M. , Puvvada Srikar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Co-occurrence of Type II Abernethy malformation (AM) with Type 1 pulmonary hypertension (PH) is extremely rare. In these patients, management of AM leads to reversal of PH.

Case presentation
We report a case of 24-year-old male that presented with fever and dyspnea of insidious-onset. Initial X-ray chest revealed pulmonary edema, prominent pulmonary knuckle, and dilated right descending pulmonary artery. Two-dimensional echocardiography suggested raised pulmonary artery systolic pressure (145 mmHg) and pulmonary angiogram revealed findings suggestive of Type 1 PH. Treatment with Tab. Tadalafil-Bosentan (20/5 mg, thrice daily) was initiated, but no major relief was obtained. On day 10, dyspnea worsened. Routine ultrasound revealed splenomegaly. Further evaluation with Doppler of the portal vein was suggestive of portal hypertension, and arterial ammonia was found to be raised. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of abdomen and pelvis demonstrated a single dilated (1.3 cm) and torturous venous shunt between right internal iliac vein and superior mesenteric vein. Thus, a definitive diagnosis of Type II AM was reached. The patient was stabilized and subjected to the shunt closure with ASD Cocoon stent graft and recovered well.

Conclusion
Our case demonstrates a rare but reversible cause of PH. Type II AM should be included in the differential diagnosis of a patient presenting with dyspnea and provisionally diagnosed as a case of PH.
Serum interleukin-17 and estradiol levels in postmenopausal women in relation to osteoporosis
Authors: El-Mallah Reem , Saab Azza A. , Nassar Nagwa 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
In post-menopausal women, estrogen deficiency leads to instability between bone formation and resorption which is regulated by osteoclastogenic cytokines leading to resorption. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) a proinflammatory cytokine has been found as an important regulator of osteoclast-genesis induced by estrogen deficiency in favor of bone loss in animal studies.
The study aimed to evaluate levels of IL-17 and estrogen (E2) in relation to bone mineral density (BMD) and risk of fracture in postmenopausal women with and without osteoporosis.

Results
IL-17 levels were significantly higher and E2 levels were significantly lower in the osteoporotic group compared to the non-osteoporotic group (P value ≤ 0.01). There was a highly significant difference in DEXA score and FRAX index between two groups: with higher values of FRAX and lower values of DEXA score among osteoporotic group (P value ≤ 0.01). IL-17 was inversely correlated to estrogen level and highly significant negative correlation with DEXA as well as a highly significant positive one with FRAX index. IL-17 serum level was able to diagnose osteoporosis at a cutoff level of > 80 pg/mL with 100% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value (PPV), and 100% negative predictive value (NPV).

Conclusions
Serum IL-17 was significantly elevated in osteoporotic postmenopausal women when compared to healthy postmenopausal ones and was inversely correlated with estrogen level and DEXA.