bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting colon polyps in endoscopic images using artificial intelligence constructed with automated collection of annotated images from an endoscopy reporting system
Authors: Hori Keisuke , Ikematsu Hiroaki , Yamamoto Yoichi , Matsuzaki Hiroki , Takeshita Nobuyoshi , Shinmura Kensuke , Yoda Yusuke , Kiuchi Takayoshi , Takemoto Satoko , Yokota Hideo , Yano Tomonori 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundArtificial intelligence (AI) has made considerable progress in image recognition, especially in the analysis of endoscopic images. The availability of large‐scale annotated datasets has contributed to the recent progress in this field. Datasets of high‐quality annotated endoscopic images are widely available, particularly in Japan. A system for collecting annotated data reported daily could aid in accumulating a significant number of high‐quality annotated datasets.AimWe assessed the validity of using daily annotated endoscopic images in a constructed reporting system for a prototype AI model for polyp detection.MethodsWe constructed an automated collection system for daily annotated datasets from an endoscopy reporting system. The key images were selected and annotated for each case only during daily practice, not to be performed retrospectively. We automatically extracted annotated endoscopic images of diminutive colon polyps that had been diagnosed (study period March–September 2018) using the keywords of diagnostic information, and additionally collect the normal colon images. The collected dataset was devised into training and validation to build and evaluate the AI system. The detection model was developed using a deep learning algorithm, RetinaNet.ResultsThe automated system collected endoscopic images (47,391) from colonoscopies (745), and extracted key colon polyp images (1356) with localized annotations. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of our AI model were 97.0%, 97.7%, and 97.3% (n = 300), respectively.ConclusionThe automated system enabled the development of a high‐performance colon polyp detector using images in endoscopy reporting system without the efforts of retrospective annotation works.
Navigating ethics in a pandemic—Contempt for the weak versus love of neighbor in a Swedish lens
Authors: Bergmann Sigurd 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe article draws on the author's observations and reflections about Sweden's pandemic management from February 2020 to June 2021. It does not simply interpret the lessons one can learn from the Swedish biopolitical experiment, but focuses on some central ethical challenges that every nation had to face in an accelerating pandemic. The intention with such a sharp critical discussion of the Swedish experience is to clarify some of the crucial ethical dilemmas and abysses in pandemic ethics. One article cannot possibly cover the wide and deep agenda for all complex ethical dimensions in a pandemic. This contribution in particular explores why the method of natural herd immunization is unethical, and what kind of legal and ethical aspects are relevant in international law and the WHO's ethical codex for a pandemic. In a Christian perspective it seems not at all strange to approach the theme of pandemic ethic also with theological arguments. A creator God who became flesh is deeply involved in our bodily world and life. What counts as health therefore appears to be a central issue for believers and faith communities, as is faith in a God who bodily cares for and liberates God's creation in all its dimensions. The exploration of Sweden's pandemic experiment flows into a plea for to apply the triple command of love sharpened by the command of love of the poor and vulnerable, and concludes with a short meta‐ethical reflection on the need of aesth/ethical imagination of the other.
Challenges and opportunities in real‐world evidence on the renal effects of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors
Authors: Fadini Gian Paolo , Del Prato Stefano , Avogaro Angelo , Solini Anna 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWith increasing population aging and prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) worldwide, prevention of diabetic complications remains a major unmet need. While cardiovascular outcomes of diabetes are improving over time, diabetic kidney disease (DKD) still leads to an exceedingly high rate of end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD). A game‐changing opportunity is offered by treatment with sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have indisputably shown that SGLT2 inhibitors reduce the rate of DKD progression, the decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and the development of ESKD. In parallel, SGLT2 inhibitors improve cardiovascular outcomes, especially the risk of hospitalization for heart failure. Real‐world studies (RWSs) have largely confirmed the findings of RCTs in broader populations of subjects with T2D followed under routine care. In the present paper, we review RWSs exploring the renal effects of SGLT2 inhibitors and highlight the most critical challenges that can be encountered in designing and conducting such studies. Channelling bias (confounding by indication), time‐lag bias, conditioning on the future, database heterogeneity, linearity of eGFR change over time, and duration of observation are critical issues that may undermine the robustness of RWS findings. We then elaborate on the new opportunities to overcome such limitations by describing the design and objectives of the DARWIN (DApagliflozin Real‐World evIdeNce)‐Renal study, a new RWS promoted by the Italian Diabetes Society. Fine‐tuning of methods for comparative observational research will improve evidence derived from RWSs on the renal effects of SGLT2 inhibitors, aiding the evolving discussion regarding the place of SGLT2 inhibitors in T2D treatment algorithms in different stages of DKD.
Temporal trends in right heart strain in patients undergoing pulmonary thromboendarterectomy for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Peters Andrew C. , Madhan Ashwin Shaan , Kislitsina Olga , Elenbaas Christian , Nishtala Arvind , Freed Benjamin , Schimmel Daniel , Thomas James D. , Cuttica Michael , Malaisrie S. Christopher 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE) is a curative procedure for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Right ventricular free wall strain (RV FWS) and right atrial strain (RAS) are not well studied in a CTEPH population. We sought to determine temporal trends in RAS and RV FWS in patients post‐PTE.Methods28 patients undergoing PTE for CTEPH were prospectively enrolled in a surgical database. Comprehensive echocardiographic assessment of the right heart was performed including RV FWS, right atrial volume, and the three components of RAS: reservoir, conduit, and booster strain.ResultsPatients undergoing PTE demonstrated improvement in NYHA functional class (P < 0.001). Hemodynamic assessment showed improvement in mean pulmonary artery pressure from 49.7 ± 8.5 mm Hg to 23.9 ± 6.5 mm Hg (P < 0.001) and pulmonary vascular resistance decreased from 7.8 ± 3.2 wu to 2.4 ± 1.3 wu (P < 0.001). Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and lateral S` declined immediately post‐op. RV FWS improved from −14.4 ± 4% to −19 ± 3.4% post‐op and −21.2 ± 4.7% at long‐term follow‐up (P < 0.001). Improvement in RV FWS post‐op was driven primarily by increases in the apical and mid segments. RA volume declined significantly during the study period. RA reservoir and conduit strain improved after PTE.ConclusionPatients undergoing PTE for CTEPH had significant improvement in right heart hemodynamics immediately post‐op. Traditional echo metrics of RV performance including TAPSE and lateral S` did not improve. RV FWS improved, which was driven by changes in the apical and mid segments. This highlights that RV FWS is a viable and useful metric to follow in CTEPH patients post‐PTE.
Adapting, updating and translating the Social Functioning Scale to assess social, recreational and independent functioning among youth with psychosis in diverse sociocultural contexts
Authors: Pawliuk Nicole , Malla Ashok , Mohan Greeshma , Taksal Aarati , Pope Megan A. , Birchwood Maximillian , Mangala Ramamurti , Ramachandran Padmavati , Loohuis Heleen , Schmitz Norbert , Joober Ridha , Shah Jai , Rangaswamy Thara , Iyer Srividya N. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimTo compare social, recreational and independent functioning among persons with psychosis across two geo‐cultural contexts, we adapted the well‐established Social Functioning Scale (SFS) and translated it into French and Tamil. We present the development and psychometric testing of this adaptation, the SFS‐Early Intervention.MethodsSixteen items were added to reflect contemporary youth activities (e.g., online games) and 31 items adapted to enhance applicability and/or include context‐specific examples (e.g., ‘church activity’ replaced with ‘religious/spiritual activity’). Psychometric properties and participant feedback were evaluated.ResultsTest–retest reliability (ICCs) ranged from 0.813 to 0.964. Internal consistency (Cronbach's α) ranged from .749 to .936 across sites and languages. Correlations with original subscales were high. The scale was rated easy to complete and understand.ConclusionsThe SFS‐Early Intervention is a promising patient‐reported measure of social, recreational and independent functioning. Our approach shows that conceptually sound existing measures are adaptable to different times and contexts.
Autoimmune and inflammatory manifestations associated with acute myeloid leukemia with Trisomy 8—Case series and review of the literature
Authors: Buchrits Shira , Kozlovoski Dror , Gafter‐Gvili Anat , Raanani Pia , Hayman Lucille , Revyako Igor , Bernstine Hanna , Wolach Ofir , Shimony Shai 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAML can be associated with autoimmune or inflammatory phenomena (AIP) occurring prior, concomitantly, or after its diagnosis. Trisomy 8 is one of the most common cytogenetic abnormalities associated with AML. We describe three patients with AML, trisomy 8, and associated AIP and review the known literature on this association. All of our patients had major symptomatic relief when treated with leukemia‐directed therapy and corticosteroids. AIP in AML may be an underdiagnosed phenomenon, particularly in patients with trisomy 8.
Diagnostic evaluation of low‐rank matrix denoising algorithm‐based magnetic resonance imaging on tibial plateau fracture complicated with meniscus injury
Authors: Ke Ji , Wang Shufa , Qiu Zhao , Liu Quan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIt was to analyse the denoising ability of low‐rank matrix‐based denoising algorithms for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images, and explore the diagnostic value of MRI for tibial plateau fracture (TPF) with meniscus injury. The Gaussian mixture algorithm was introduced based on low‐rank matrix algorithm, and a new algorithm Gaussian mixture model‐based low‐rank matrix factorization (GLRMF) was established. Then, the root‐mean‐squared error (RMSE) of the GLRMF algorithm under different noise intensities was calculated, and the structural similarity (SSIM) of the GLRMF algorithm, anisotropic diffusion filter (ADF), and nonlocal means (NLM) algorithm was compared. Sixty cases of TPF patients diagnosed in the Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of X Hospital from March 2018 to October 2019 were recruited as the research objects. The results of Schatzker classification of patients were counted, and the results of intraoperative exploration or arthroscopy were used as the standard to analyse the accuracy of MRI in diagnosing TPFs with meniscus injuries. It was found that with the increase of noise intensity, the RMSE of the GLRMF algorithm showed an increasing trend. When the K value was 100, the denoising effect was relatively good. Under the same noise intensity, the SSIM of the GLRMF algorithm was higher than the other two algorithms. Moreover, type VI patients accounted for 55% at most. MRI diagnosed 56 cases (93.33%) of TPF patients with meniscus injury, and 52 cases (86.67%) of meniscus injury were found in intraoperative exploration. The sensitivity of MRI in diagnosing meniscus injury was 94.76%, the accuracy was 93.33%, and the specificity was 89%. It showed that the new GLRMF algorithm based on the low‐rank matrix algorithm had a good noise reduction effect and significantly improved the image quality. The accuracy of knee MRI scanning was significantly improved, it was safe, and it was worthy of clinical application.
Internet of things and deep learning enabled healthcare disease diagnosis using biomedical electrocardiogram signals
Authors: Khanna Ashish , Selvaraj Pandiaraj , Gupta Deepak , Sheikh Tariq Hussain , Pareek Piyush Kumar , Shankar Vishnu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWith recent advancements in the internet of things (IoT), wearables, and sensing technologies, the quality of healthcare services gets improved and it caused a shift from conventional clinical‐based healthcare to real‐time monitoring. The sensors are commonly integrated into several medical gadgets to save the bio‐signals produced by the physiological activities of the human body. At the same time, a biomedical electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is employed as a familiar way to examine and diagnose cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which is rapid and non‐invasive. Since the increasing number of patients degrades the classification performance due to high differences in the ECG signal patterns among several patients, computer‐assisted automated diagnostic tools are essential for ECG signal classification. With this motivation, this paper introduces a new IoT and deep learning (DL) enabled healthcare disease diagnosis (IoTDL‐HDD) model using biomedical ECG signals. The proposed IoTDL‐HDD model aims to detect the presence of CVDs by the use of DL models in biomedical ECG signals. In addition, the proposed IoTDL‐HDD model utilizes a BiLSTM feature extraction technique to extract useful feature vectors from the ECG signals. For improving the efficiency of the BiLSTM technique, the artificial flora optimization (AFO) algorithm is employed as a hyperparameter optimizer. Besides, a fuzzy deep neural network (FDNN) classifier is employed for assigning proper class labels to the ECG signals. The performance of the IoTDL‐HDD model is examined on biomedical ECG signals and the outcomes are inspected in distinct features. The resultant experimental outcomes pointed out the supremacy of the IoTDL‐HDD model with the maximum accuracy of 93.452%.
First Nations gatekeepers as a common pool health care institution: Evidence from Canada
Authors: Ufodike Akolisa , Okafor Oliver Nnamdi , Opara Michael 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the roles of informal gatekeepers in the context of First Nations health care in Canada. While existing literature focuses on gatekeeping by professionals, such as corporate board members, auditors, general practitioners, and specialists, we present empirical evidence on the role of informal First Nations’ gatekeepers in a health care system. Gatekeepers engage with government and First Nations along a continuum of gatekeeping functions. Drawing on common pool theory, we use a case study to understand the gatekeepers’ roles. We identify First Nations gatekeepers’ roles to include health care program control, resource control, and ecosystem control. We also find that these gatekeepers constitute a viable long‐enduring common pool resource institution that can be useful for the federal government's phased approach in transitioning health care governance to the First Nations.
The intensity of the foreign body response to polyether‐polyurethane implant in diabetic mice is strain‐dependent
Authors: de Almeida Simone A. , Orellano Laura A. A. , Pereira Luciana X. , Viana Celso T. R. , Andrade Silvia P. , Campos Paula P. , Ferreira Mônica A. N. D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA number of genetic factors have been linked to the development of diabetes, a condition that often requires implantable devices such as glucose sensors. In normoglycaemic individuals, this procedure induces a foreign body reaction (FBR) that is detrimental to bioimplant functionality. However, the influence of the genetic background on this reaction in diabetes has not been investigated. We examined the components of FBR (capsule thickness, collagen deposition, mast cell and foreign body giant cell number) in subcutaneous implants of polyether polyurethane (SIPP) in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetes in Swiss, C57BL/6 and Balb/c mice. The fasting blood glucose levels before STZ injections were 133.5 ± 5.1 mg/dL, after the treatment increased 68.4% in Swiss mice, 62.4% in C57BL/6 and 30.9% in Balb/c mice. All FBR features were higher in implants of Swiss and C57BL/6 mice compared with those in implants of Balb/c. Likewise, the apoptotic index was higher in implants of diabetic Swiss and C57BL/6 mice whose glycaemic levels were the highest. Our findings show an association between the severity of hyperglycaemic levels and the intensity of the FBR to SIPP. These important strain‐related differences in susceptibility to diabetes and the intensity of the FBR must be considered in management using implantable devices in diabetic individuals.
The uniqueness of glass for passive thermal management for optical fibers
Authors: Ballato John , Dragic Peter D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOptical fiber‐based lasers and amplifiers are ubiquitous tools across many practical applications including communications, metrology, sensing, manufacturing, machining, and directed energy. Even for the most efficient cases where only a few percent of the optical power is converted into heat, this heat generation can have wide‐ranging detrimental effects on overall system performance. In homage to the 2022 International Year of Glass, this paper provides a new look into the enabling roles that glass can play in the fully passive thermal management of active fiber lasers and amplifiers. Partially didactic, complemented with new insights and novel approaches and results, specific topics include means by which glass compositions can reduce the amount of heat generated by an active dopant and how the glass’ response to heat generation, for example, thermo‐optic and thermal expansion coefficients, can be minimized or otherwise used to largely mitigate parasitic thermal effects.
Improvements of virulence factor phenotypic tests for Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, a major fish pathogen
Authors: Girard Sarah B. , Paquet Valérie E. , Charette Steve J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAeromonas salmonicida subspecies salmonicida, a fish pathogen, expresses various virulence factors such as an A‐layer, lipases and proteases during the infection process. Not all strains of this bacterium express the same virulence factors. It is important to be able to evaluate which factors are present when characterizing strains. The A‐layer and secreted lipases and proteases are usually detected by agar‐based tests that require long incubation (24 h and more) and may provide ambiguous results. In the present study, protocols have been optimized to determine the presence of these virulence factors using liquid tests. For A‐layer detection, the optimized method stains the positive bacteria with Coomassie Brilliant Blue. The lipases are detected by a colorimetric biochemical reaction triggered by the degradation of p‐nitrophenyl dodecanoate into a yellow product detectable by spectrophotometry, if the result is positive. Both of these tests show results in less than an hour. Finally, the protease activity is measured by clarification of a medium containing milk during an overnight bacterial growth. These new protocols provide opportunities for quicker characterization of A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida strains and, particularly, provide more precise results.
Forecaster Efficiency, Accuracy, and Disagreement: Evidence Using Individual‐Level Survey Data
Authors: CLEMENTS MICHAEL P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTheories of expectations formation sometimes suppose that agents make efficient forecasts given their information sets. We use individual‐level data to test whether survey respondents' forecasts are efficient. We assess whether there are systematic differences between forecasters in terms of their degrees of contrarianism, and the accuracy of their forecasts, and whether these are explicable by inefficiencies in the use of information. We find that forecaster inefficiency cannot explain persistence in levels of disagreement across forecasters, but there is evidence that the inefficient use of information is responsible for persistent differences in accuracy across forecasters.
A comparison of high‐risk human papillomavirus DNA detection between urine and cervical sample testing in women with abnormal Pap smears
Authors: Punyashthira Awassada , Horthongkham Navin , Jaishuen Atthapon , Jareemit Nida , Achariyapota Vuthinun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsTo compare the clinical performance of high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) DNA detection between urine and cervical samples collected from the same patient for the detection of CIN2+ lesions (high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or cervical cancer lesions). The secondary objectives were to evaluate agreement among hrHPV genotypes and to compare patient satisfaction between urine and cervical sample collection.MethodsThis prospective cross‐sectional study enrolled 96 women with abnormal cervical cytology who attended the colposcopy clinic at Siriraj Hospital (Bangkok, Thailand) between July 2016 and January 2017. Self‐collected random‐voiding and first stream urine samples were collected into a universal sterile urine container and immediately mixing with preservative before the pelvic examination. Cervical tissue sampling was performed according to standard treatment guidelines. Both specimens were sent for extraction and detection of hrHPV by Anyplex II HPV high‐risk testing. Study patients were surveyed to compare patient satisfaction between urine and cervical sample collection.ResultsCarcinogenic hrHPV positive rate was 73% in urine samples and 81% in cervical samples. The sensitivity for HPV in the detection CIN2+ was high in both the urine and cervical groups at 86.2% and 94.8%, respectively. Agreement between the urine and cervical groups for HPV 16 or 18 detection was high, with kappa values of 0.86 for subtypes 16/18. Urine specimen collection had significantly higher satisfaction and acceptability than cervical specimen collection.ConclusionUrine hrHPV testing by real‐time polymerase chain reaction demonstrated high sensitivity and accuracy for the detection of CIN2+ lesions, with very good agreement when compared with cervical sample testing.