bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of long‐term surgical outcomes for scleral‐fixated versus retropupillary iris‐claw intraocular lens
Authors: Kang Hyun Goo , Jun Jae Won , Choi Eun Young , Byeon Suk Ho , Kim Sung Soo , Koh Hyoung Jun , Kim Min 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo compare the clinical features and long‐term treatment outcomes of patients undergoing secondary intraocular lens (IOL) surgery with scleral‐fixated (SFIOL) versus retropupillary iris‐claw IOL (RPICIOL).MethodsConsecutive patients treated between June 2014 and December 2019 at two tertiary centres were retrospectively reviewed. The primary outcome was the best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Secondary outcomes included factors associated with significant corneal endothelial injury and postoperative redislocation.ResultsThis study included 395 eyes undergoing surgery with SFIOL (237 eyes, 60%) or RPICIOL (158 eyes, 40%), with no differences in baseline BCVA (p = 0.76) or endothelial cell density (ECD) (p = 0.39). Compared with the SFIOL group, the RPICIOL group had faster visual recovery (postoperative month 1, 20/37 vs. 20/46, p = 0.005) sustained to over 36 months (p = 0.034), favourable absolute prediction errors (within 0.5D, 67.3% vs. 54.9%, p = 0.027), and shorter operation times (52.7 vs. 60.9 min, p = 0.015). There was no difference in ECD after 12 months (P = 0.282). Over a mean follow‐up duration of 33 months (152 cases >3 years, 38.5%), the SFIOL group experienced more cases of tilted/decentred IOLs (14 vs. 1, p = 0.006), suture exposure (7 vs. 0, p = 0.045), and redislocation (17.7% vs. 10.1%, p < 0.001). Multivariable regression showed that a final BCVA below 20/40 was associated with SFIOL (P = 0.007), older age (p = 0.001), intraoperative complications (p = 0.002), past history of vitrectomy/glaucoma surgery or uveitis (p = 0.046), and surgically induced astigmatism >1D (p = 0.029).ConclusionsRPICIOL appears to be a safe and effective surgical option for secondary IOL surgery over a long‐term follow‐up, comparing favourably against conventional SFIOL.
VEHICLE: Validation and Exploration of the Hierarchical Integration of Conflict Event Data
Authors: Mayer B. , Lawonn K. , Donnay K. , Preim B. , Meuschke M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe exploration of large‐scale conflicts, as well as their causes and effects, is an important aspect of socio‐political analysis. Since event data related to major conflicts are usually obtained from different sources, researchers developed a semi‐automatic matching algorithm to integrate event data of different origins into one comprehensive dataset using hierarchical taxonomies. The validity of the corresponding integration results is not easy to assess since the results depend on user‐defined input parameters and the relationships between the original data sources. However, only rudimentary visualization techniques have been used so far to analyze the results, allowing no trustworthy validation or exploration of how the final dataset is composed. To overcome this problem, we developedVEHICLE, a web‐based tool to validate and explore the results of the hierarchical integration. For the design, we collaborated with a domain expert to identify the underlying domain problems and derive a task and workflow description. The tool combines both traditional and novel visual analysis techniques, employing statistical and map‐based depictions as well as advanced interaction techniques. We showed the usefulness ofVEHICLEin two case studies and by conducting an evaluation together with conflict researchers, confirming domain hypotheses and generating new insights.
Compressive Neural Representations of Volumetric Scalar Fields
Authors: Lu Y. , Jiang K. , Levine J. A. , Berger M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present an approach for compressing volumetric scalar fields using implicit neural representations. Our approach represents a scalar field as a learned function, wherein a neural network maps a point in the domain to an output scalar value. By setting the number of weights of the neural network to be smaller than the input size, we achieve compressed representations of scalar fields, thus framing compression as a type of function approximation. Combined with carefully quantizing network weights, we show that this approach yields highly compact representations that outperform state‐of‐the‐art volume compression approaches. The conceptual simplicity of our approach enables a number of benefits, such as support for time‐varying scalar fields, optimizing to preserve spatial gradients, and random‐access field evaluation. We study the impact of network design choices on compression performance, highlighting how simple network architectures are effective for a broad range of volumes.
ParSetgnostics: Quality Metrics for Parallel Sets
Authors: Dennig Frederik L. , Fischer Maximilian T. , Blumenschein Michael , Fuchs Johannes , Keim Daniel A. , Dimara Evanthia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhile there are many visualization techniques for exploring numeric data, only a few work with categorical data. One prominent example is Parallel Sets, showing data frequencies instead of data points ‐ analogous to parallel coordinates for numerical data. As nominal data does not have an intrinsic order, the design of Parallel Sets is sensitive to visual clutter due to overlaps, crossings, and subdivision of ribbons hindering readability and pattern detection. In this paper, we propose a set of quality metrics, called ParSetgnostics (Parallel Sets diagnostics), which aim to improve Parallel Sets by reducing clutter. These quality metrics quantify important properties of Parallel Sets such as overlap, orthogonality, ribbon width variance, and mutual information to optimize the category and dimension ordering. By conducting a systematic correlation analysis between the individual metrics, we ensure their distinctiveness. Further, we evaluate the clutter reduction effect of ParSetgnostics by reconstructing six datasets from previous publications using Parallel Sets measuring and comparing their respective properties. Our results show that ParSetgostics facilitates multi‐dimensional analysis of categorical data by automatically providing optimized Parallel Set designs with a clutter reduction of up to 81% compared to the originally proposed Parallel Sets visualizations.
Optimal Axes for Data Value Estimation in Star Coordinates and Radial Axes Plots
Authors: Rubio‐Sánchez M. , Lehmann D. J. , Sanchez A. , Rojo‐Álvarez J. L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRadial axes plots are projection methods that represent high‐dimensional data samples as points on a two‐dimensional plane. These techniques define mappings through a set of axis vectors, each associated with a data variable, which users can manipulate interactively to create different plots and analyze data from multiple points of view. However, updating the direction and length of an axis vector is far from trivial. Users must consider the data analysis task, domain knowledge, the directions in which values should increase, the relative importance of each variable, or the correlations between variables, among other factors. Another issue is the difficulty to approximate high‐dimensional data values in the two‐dimensional visualizations, which can hamper searching for data with particular characteristics, analyzing the most common data values in clusters, inspecting outliers, etc. In this paper we present and analyze several optimization approaches for enhancing radial axes plots regarding their ability to represent high‐dimensional data values. The techniques can be used not only to approximate data values with greater accuracy, but also to guide users when updating axis vectors or extending visualizations with new variables, since they can reveal poor choices of axis vectors. The optimal axes can also be included in nonlinear plots. In particular, we show how they can be used within RadViz to assess the quality of a variable ordering. The in‐depth analysis carried out is useful for visualization designers developing radial axes techniques, or planning to incorporate axes into other visualization methods.
AutoClips: An Automatic Approach to Video Generation from Data Facts
Authors: Shi D. , Sun F. , Xu X. , Lan X. , Gotz D. , Cao N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractData videos, a storytelling genre that visualizes data facts with motion graphics, are gaining increasing popularity among data journalists, non‐profits, and marketers to communicate data to broad audiences. However, crafting a data video is often time‐consuming and asks for various domain knowledge such as data visualization, animation design, and screenwriting. Existing authoring tools usually enable users to edit and compose a set of templates manually, which still cost a lot of human effort. To further lower the barrier of creating data videos, this work introduces a new approach, AutoClips, which can automatically generate data videos given the input of a sequence of data facts. We built AutoClips through two stages. First, we constructed a fact‐driven clip library where we mapped ten data facts to potential animated visualizations respectively by analyzing 230 online data videos and conducting interviews. Next, we constructed an algorithm that generates data videos from data facts through three steps: selecting and identifying the optimal clip for each of the data facts, arranging the clips into a coherent video, and optimizing the duration of the video. The results from two user studies indicated that the data videos generated by AutoClips are comprehensible, engaging, and have comparable quality with human‐made videos.
A Survey of Human‐Centered Evaluations in Human‐Centered Machine Learning
Authors: Sperrle F. , El‐Assady M. , Guo G. , Borgo R. , Chau D. Horng , Endert A. , Keim D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVisual analytics systems integrate interactive visualizations and machine learning to enable expert users to solve complex analysis tasks. Applications combine techniques from various fields of research and are consequently not trivial to evaluate. The result is a lack of structure and comparability between evaluations. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive overview of evaluations in the field of human‐centered machine learning. We particularly focus on human‐related factors that influence trust, interpretability, and explainability. We analyze the evaluations presented in papers from top conferences and journals in information visualization and human‐computer interaction to provide a systematic review of their setup and findings. From this survey, we distill design dimensions for structured evaluations, identify evaluation gaps, and derive future research opportunities.
Neural BRDF Representation and Importance Sampling
Authors: Sztrajman Alejandro , Rainer Gilles , Ritschel Tobias , Weyrich Tim 
Published: June 2021

AbstractControlled capture of real‐world material appearance yields tabulated sets of highly realistic reflectance data. In practice, however, its high memory footprint requires compressing into a representation that can be used efficiently in rendering while remaining faithful to the original. Previous works in appearance encoding often prioritized one of these requirements at the expense of the other, by either applying high‐fidelity array compression strategies not suited for efficient queries during rendering, or by fitting a compact analytic model that lacks expressiveness. We present a compact neural network‐based representation of BRDF data that combines high‐accuracy reconstruction with efficient practical rendering via built‐in interpolation of reflectance. We encode BRDFs as lightweight networks, and propose a training scheme with adaptive angular sampling, critical for the accurate reconstruction of specular highlights. Additionally, we propose a novel approach to make our representation amenable to importance sampling: rather than inverting the trained networks, we learn to encode them in a more compact embedding that can be mapped to parameters of an analytic BRDF for which importance sampling is known. We evaluate encoding results on isotropic and anisotropic BRDFs from multiple real‐world datasets, and importance sampling performance for isotropic BRDFs mapped to two different analytic models.
Transplantation of a vascularized pedicle of hemisected spinal cord to establish spinal cord continuity after removal of a segment of the thoracic spinal cord: A proof‐of‐principle study in dogs
Authors: Ren Shuai , Zhang Weihua , Liu HongMiao , Wang Xin , Guan Xiangchen , Zhang Mingzhe , Zhang Jian , Wu Qiong , Xue Yan , Wang Dan , Liu Yong , Liu Jianyu , Ren Xiaoping 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionGlial scar formation impedes nerve regeneration/reinnervation after spinal cord injury (SCI); therefore, removal of scar tissue is essential for SCI treatment.AimsTo investigate whether removing a spinal cord and transplanting a vascularized pedicle of hemisected spinal cord from the spinal cord caudal to the transection can restore motor function, to aid in the treatment of future clinical spinal cord injuries. We developed a canine model. After removal of a 1‐cm segment of the thoracic (T10–T11) spinal cord in eight beagles, a vascularized pedicle of hemisected spinal cord from the first 1.5 cm of the spinal cord caudal to the transection (cut along the posterior median sulcus of the spinal cord) was transplanted to bridge the transected spinal cord in the presence of a fusogen (polyethylene glycol, PEG) in four of the eight dogs. We used various forms of imaging, electron microscopy, and histologic data to determine that after our transplantation of a vascular pedicled hemisection to bridge the transected spinal cord, electrical continuity across the spinal bridge was restored.ResultsMotor function was restored following our transplantation, as confirmed by the re‐establishment of anatomic continuity along with interfacial axonal sprouting.ConclusionTaken together, our findings suggest that SCI patients—who have previously been thought to have irreversible damage and/or paralysis—may be treated effectively with similar operative techniques to re‐establish electrical and functional continuity following SCI.
Prevalence of contact allergies in the population compared to a tertiary referral patch test clinic in Jena/Germany
Authors: Uter Wolfgang , Zetzmann Anica , Ofenloch Robert , Schliemann Sibylle , Bruze Magnus , Gonçalo Margarida , Naldi Luigi , Schuttelaar Marie‐Louise A. , Svensson Åke , Elsner Peter ,   EDEN Fragrance Study Group
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe contact allergy prevalences in patch‐tested patients are usually higher than those in the population, owing to morbidity‐driven selection.ObjectivesTo examine the differences between two samples, one from the population, one from the patch test clinic, in one area of Germany (Jena, Thuringia).MethodsBetween August 2008 and October 2011, a total of 519 participants of the population‐based european dermato‐epidemiology network (EDEN) fragrance study were patch tested in Jena using a TRUE Test baseline series extended with some pet.‐based (fragrance) allergen preparations. Between 2007 and 2012 (inclusive), 1906 routine patients were patch tested for suspected allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in the Jena University Hospital Department; of these 1694 (83.2%) with the German baseline series using pet./aq.‐based, investigator‐loaded allergens.ResultsIn the population (clinical) sample, 19.6% (41.1%) were sensitized to at least one of the allergens considered. The most common baseline series allergens in the population/clinical sample were nickel (10.5%/13.2%), fragrance mix (FM) II (2.9%/6.7%), FM I (2.3%/8.3%), and cobalt (1.6%/5%). The clinical sample was slightly older (71.5% vs 55.9% age 40+) and included less males (36% vs 49.3%).ConclusionsResults are quite similar, although prevalences are usually higher in the clinical setting, with the exception of p‐tert‐butylphenol formaldehyde resin.
Horticultural plant use as a so‐far neglected pillar of ex situ conservation
Authors: Ismail Sascha A. , Pouteau Robin , van Kleunen Mark , Maurel Noëlie , Kueffer Christoph 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe demonstrate how native and nonnative plant taxa used as ornamentals in private and public urban green spaces can significantly strengthen plant conservation in time of extinctions by expanding the capacity for ex situ living collections and raising awareness among professional and private gardeners and plant collectors. Based on global databases, we document the current representation of threatened plant taxa in horticulture compared to collections in botanical gardens. A substantial number of threatened taxa are already used in gardening, however, there is great unused potential—especially to reach high enough representation of genetic diversity and plant material for reintroduction and restoration programs. Considering urban greening as an integral part of ex situ conservation strategies can provide critically needed additional space and human resources for ex situ collections, while increasing the often low genetic, species and phylogenetic diversity of many newly established plantings that make them vulnerable to climate change and disease risks.
Colorimetric chemosensor for Cu(II) from electrospun nanofibrous mat mixed with 5‐methoxy‐salicylaldehyde azine
Authors: Karawek Apisit , Mayurachayakul Pipattra , Dilokpramuan Apisama , Srisuwannaket Choladda , Pratumyot Kornkanya , Mingvanish Withawat , Sukwattanasinitt Mongkol , Kidkhunthod Pinit , Niamnont Nakorn 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe condensation product of 5‐methoxy‐salicylaldehyde with hydrazine hydrate (referred to below as compound 1) was used as a ligand in a cellulose acetate electrospun nanofibrous mat to determine copper ions in aqueous solutions. The electrospun nanofibrous mats, based on cellulose acetate mixed with compound 1, were constructed using an electrospinning method and had a diameter of 260 nm. The sensing nanofibrous mat exhibited a sensitive and selective response for Cu(II) ions over a linear concentration range of 1‐30 µM in a 0.1 M HEPES buffer (pH 7.4) using a colorimeter. The detection limit of the method was 1.04 µM lower than the maximum level of Cu(II) in drinking water (16 µM, as determined by the US Environmental Protection Agency). Additionally, it exhibited high selectivity for Cu(II) ions over 13 other cations. The sensing nanofibrous mat was fully reversible for ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid treatment cycles. Preliminary results indicated the sensitivity and selectivity of the nanofibrous mat for detecting Cu(II) ions by naked‐eye detection from yellow to orange. The reaction product of compound 1 and the Cu(II) ion was studied using X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. The Cu‐coordination number was approximately 5.023 ± 1.42, and the Cu–N distance (R) was 1.986 Å. The nanofibrous mat demonstrated a convenient and straightforward Cu(II) ion‐detection technique in both wastewater and water environments.
Screening for risky drinkers among hospitalised inpatients using the AUDIT: A feasibility, point prevalence and data linkage study
Authors: O'Brien Helen , Di Rico Rehana , Dean Emma , Smoker Gemma , Lloyd‐Jones Martyn , McKechnie Megan , Dietze Paul M. , Doyle Joseph S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionRisky drinking frequently remains undiagnosed or untreated, including in hospitalised inpatients. Using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), we assessed the feasibility of screening for risky drinking and whether screening results aligned with alcohol‐attributable diagnoses in an inpatient population.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey across a tertiary health service in Melbourne, Australia. Researchers collected demographics, AUDIT scores and acceptability from all eligible adult inpatients available on day of survey. Main outcomes were prevalence of risky drinking (AUDIT ≥8), mean AUDIT score and patient acceptability. Identification of risky drinking by the abbreviated ‘AUDIT‐C’ or discharge diagnoses (extracted by data‐linkage with medical records) was compared.ResultsOf 473 eligible inpatients, 61% (n = 289) participated, 22% (n = 103) were unavailable and 17% (n = 81) declined. Median age was 64 years (IQR = 48, 76); 54% (n = 157) were male. Mean AUDIT score was 4.4 (SD = 5.5). Risky drinking prevalence was 20% (n = 57), 2% (n = 7) had scores suggestive of dependence (AUDIT ≥20, a subset of risky drinkers). Odds of risky drinking were reduced in females (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.09, 0.41; P < 0.001) and participants ≥70 years (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.07, 0.71; P = 0.01). Alcohol‐attributable diagnoses did not consistently align with risky drinking, with half of inpatients with wholly attributable diagnoses classified as low risk. Most inpatients considered screening acceptable (89%, n = 256).Discussion and ConclusionsPre‐admission risky drinking was evident in one‐fifth of hospital inpatients, but alcohol‐attributable diagnoses were unreliable proxy measures of risky drinking. Screening in‐patients with the AUDIT was acceptable to inpatients and can be feasibly implemented in an Australian tertiary hospital setting.
Potential neurobiological links between social isolation and Alzheimer's disease risk
Authors: Drinkwater Elizabeth , Davies Caitlin , Spires‐Jones Tara L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIt is estimated that 40% of dementia cases could be prevented by modification of lifestyle factors that associate with disease risk. One of these potentially modifiable lifestyle factors is social isolation. In this review, we discuss what is known about associations between social isolation and Alzheimer's disease, the most common cause of dementia. This is particularly relevant in the time of the COVID‐19 pandemic when social isolation has been enforced with potential emerging negative impacts on cognition. While there are neurobiological mechanisms emerging that may account for the observed epidemiological associations between social isolation and Alzheimer's disease, more fundamental research is needed to fully understand the brain changes induced by isolation that may make people vulnerable to disease.
Predicting evolution over multiple generations in deteriorating environments using evolutionarily explicit Integral Projection Models
Authors: Coulson Tim , Potter Tomos , Felmy Anja 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHuman impacts on the natural world often generate environmental trends that can have detrimental effects on distributions of phenotypic traits. We do not have a good understanding of how deteriorating environments might impact evolutionary trajectories across multiple generations, even though effects of environmental trends are often significant in the statistical quantitative genetic analyses of phenotypic trait data that are used to estimate additive genetic (co)variances. These environmental trends capture reaction norms, where the same (average) genotype expresses different phenotypic trait values in different environments. Not incorporated into the predictive models typically parameterised from statistical analyses to predict evolution, such as the breeder's equation. We describe how these environmental effects can be incorporated into multi‐generational, evolutionarily explicit, structured population models before exploring how these effects can influence evolutionary dynamics. The paper is primarily a description of the modelling approach, but we also show how incorporation into models of the types of environmental trends that human activity has generated can have considerable impacts on the evolutionary dynamics that are predicted.