bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival benefits of salvage surgery for primary lung cancer based on routine clinical practice
Authors: Adachi Katsutoshi , Kuroda Hiroaki , Tanahashi Masayuki , Takao Motoshi , Ohde Yasuhisa , Yokoi Kohei , Tarukawa Tomohito 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPremeditated induction chemotherapy followed by surgical resection is accepted as safe and effective. Studies on salvage surgery in patients with incompletely cured lung cancer are lacking. This study aimed to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of salvage surgery.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective multi‐institutional cohort study on patients who underwent salvage surgery for advanced (stage III and IV) non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) between January 2005 and December 2016 at the 14 hospitals of the Chubu Lung Cancer Surgery Study Group. A total of 37 patients were assigned to the salvage surgery group; a lobectomy with mediastinal lymph node dissection was performed. The survival benefit was assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method and the Cox proportional hazard model.ResultsAlthough postoperative complications were observed in 11 patients (29.7%), surgery‐related death occurred in only one patient (mortality rate: 2.7%) resulting from respiratory failure caused by interstitial pneumonia exacerbation. Postoperative recurrence was observed in 22 patients (61.1%), the incidence of brain metastasis being high (nine patients: 40.9%). The five‐year survival rate from the first day of treatment was 60%. The survival of the postoperative pathological stage (s'‐stage) I group was significantly better (five‐year survival rate: 80.9%) than that of the other groups (p < 0.05). S’‐stage was the most significant factor (p < 0.01) associated with long‐term survival.ConclusionsSalvage surgery is a feasible therapeutic modality for advanced lung cancer. Downstaging to s'‐stage I with previous treatment was most important for survival. Complete resection (R0) should be the goal because surgical procedures were tolerated despite intense treatment.
Eyes grow towards mild hyperopia rather than emmetropia in Chinese preschool children
Authors: Ma Yingyan , Lin Senlin , Morgan Ian G. , Rozema Jos J. , Iribarren Rafael , Zhu Jianfeng , Zhao Rong , Zhang Bo , Yin Yao , Shao Yueqin , He Xiangui , Xu Xun , Zou Haidong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeTo document one‐year changes in refraction and refractive components in preschool children.MethodsChildren, 3–5 years old, in the Jiading District, Shanghai, were followed for one year. At each visit, axial length (AL), refraction under cycloplegia (1% cyclopentolate), spherical dioptres (DS), cylinder dioptres (DC), spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and corneal curvature radius (CR) were measured.ResultsThe study included 458 right eyes of 458 children. The mean changes in DS, DC and SER were 0.02 ± 0.35 D, −0.02 ± 0.33 D and 0.01 ± 0.37 D, while the mean changes in AL, CR and lens power (LP) were 0.27 ± 0.10 mm, 0.00 ± 0.04 mm and − 0.93 ± 0.49 D. The change in the SER was linearly correlated with the baseline SER (coefficient = −0.147, p < 0.001). When the baseline SER was at 1.05 D (95% CI = 0.21 to 2.16), the change in SER was 0 D. The baseline SER was also linearly associated with the change in LP (coefficient = 0.104, p = 0.013), but not with the change in AL (p = 0.957) or with the change in CR (p = 0.263).ConclusionIn eyes with a baseline SER less than +1.00 D, LP loss was higher compared to axial elongation, leading to hyperopic shifts in refraction, whereas for those with baseline SER over this range, loss of LP compared to axial elongation was reduced, leading to myopic shifts. This model indicated the homeostasis of human refraction and explained how refractive development leads to a preferred state of mild hyperopia.
Updates on the utility of anterior segment optical coherence tomography in the assessment of filtration blebs after glaucoma surgery
Authors: Kudsieh Bachar , Fernández‐Vigo José Ignacio , Canut Jordana Maria Isabel , Vila‐Arteaga Jorge , Urcola Javier Aritz , Ruiz Moreno Jose Maria , García‐Feijóo Julián , Fernández‐Vigo José Ángel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe formation of filtration blebs is the main drainage mechanism for reducing intraocular pressure after traditional incisional glaucoma surgery such as trabeculectomy and non‐penetrating deep sclerotomy. Early and short‐lasting blebs may also occur after canaloplasty. Bleb formation also plays an important role after the implantation of glaucoma drainage devices, including Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery devices. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT) is a rapid and non‐invasive high‐resolution imaging technique that has evolved in recent years to become a routine examination. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT) provides key information in the assessment and follow‐up of glaucoma surgery, especially in the assessment of filtration blebs. Thus, bleb morphology can be qualitatively classified into diffuse, cystic, encapsulated and flattened, and AS‐OCT imaging can also provide several quantitative parameters of the bleb, such as total bleb height, bleb fluid‐filled cavity height, bleb wall thickness, number of microcysts and trabeculectomy opening size. These parameters could have an impact on clinical management during follow‐up because they may predict the success or failure of the surgery in the early and late postoperative periods. Additionally, they may also guide the procedures used to increase filtration and reduce intraocular pressure, such as bleb needling and laser suture lysis.
How do we harness adolescent values in designing health behaviour change interventions? A qualitative study
Authors: Strömmer Sofia , Shaw Sarah , Jenner Sarah , Vogel Christina , Lawrence Wendy , Woods‐Townsend Kathryn , Farrell David , Inskip Hazel , Baird Janis , Morrison Leanne , Barker Mary 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesAdolescent health behaviours do not support optimal development. Adolescents are reportedly difficult to engage in health behaviour improvement initiatives. Little is known about what adolescents value in relation to diet and physical activity or how best to target these in health interventions. This study explored adolescents’ values in relation to diet and physical activity and how these values can inform health intervention design.DesignQualitative semi‐structured interviews explored adolescents’ lives, what they thought about diet and physical activity and what might support them to improve their health behaviours.MethodsA total of 13 group interviews were conducted with 54 adolescents aged 13–14 years, of whom 49% were girls and 95% identified as White British. Participants were recruited from a non‐selective secondary school in a large southern UK city. Inductive thematic analysis was used to identify key adolescent values.ResultsAdolescents valued being with their friends, doing what they enjoyed and were good at; being healthy was important to them but only if achievable without compromising other things that are important to them. The need to be healthy was not aligned with adolescents’ basic psychological needs, nor their strongly held priorities and values.ConclusionsHealth is not a motivating factor for adolescents; therefore, interventions designed solely to improve health are unlikely to engage them. Instead, interventions that align with the values and priorities specified by adolescents are more likely to be effective in supporting them to eat well and be more active.
Social complexity and the fractal structure of group size in primate social evolution
Authors: Dunbar Robin I. M. , Shultz Susanne 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTCompared to most other mammals and birds, anthropoid primates have unusually complex societies characterised by bonded social groups. Among primates, this effect is encapsulated in the social brain hypothesis: the robust correlation between various indices of social complexity (social group size, grooming clique size, tactical behaviour, coalition formation) and brain size. Hitherto, this has always been interpreted as a simple, unitary relationship. Using data for five different indices of brain volume from four independent brain databases, we show that the distribution of group size plotted against brain size is best described as a set of four distinct, very narrowly defined grades which are unrelated to phylogeny. The allocation of genera to these grades is highly consistent across the different data sets and brain indices. We show that these grades correspond to the progressive evolution of bonded social groups. In addition, we show, for those species that live in multilevel social systems, that the typical sizes of the different grouping levels in each case coincide with different grades. This suggests that the grades correspond to demographic attractors that are especially stable. Using five different cognitive indices, we show that the grades correlate with increasing social cognitive skills, suggesting that the cognitive demands of managing group cohesion increase progressively across grades. We argue that the grades themselves represent glass ceilings on animals' capacity to maintain social and spatial coherence during foraging and that, in order to evolve more highly bonded groups, species have to be able to invest in costly forms of cognition.
Parental death by external causes during childhood and risk of psychiatric disorders in bereaved offspring
Authors: Burrell Lisa Victoria , Mehlum Lars , Qin Ping 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundPrevious studies have reported increased risks of psychiatric disorders in offspring who have lost a parent, but knowledge is lacking on the risks of several specific disorders and comorbidity. The present study investigated the influence of parental death by external causes during childhood and adolescence on risk of a range of psychiatric disorders and comorbidity.MethodThe study cohort comprised 655,477 individuals born 1970‐2012 with a link to both parents. Data on deceased parent’s cause and date of death between 1970 and 2012 and offspring’s psychiatric disorders between 2008 and 2012 were retrieved from four longitudinal Norwegian registers. Data were analyzed with Cox regression.ResultsCompared to nonexposed offspring, offspring exposed to parental death by external causes had a significantly increased risk of depressive disorders, reactions to stress, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, developmental disorders, childhood behavioral and emotional disorders, psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder, personality disorders, and psychiatric comorbidity, but not eating disorders. These increased risks were especially evident following parental suicide and accidental falls and poisoning. No differences were evident depending on gender of the deceased or age at bereavement, and generally no significant interactions with gender of the bereaved offspring were evident.ConclusionsThe improved insight into several different psychiatric disorders and psychiatric comorbidity should guide postvention measures aimed at children and adolescents at greatest risk of future sequelae.
Magnetoencephalography for epileptic focus localization based on Tucker decomposition with ripple window
Authors: Shi Li‐juan , Wei Bo‐xuan , Xu Lu , Lin Yi‐cong , Wang Yu‐ping , Zhang Ji‐cong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsTo improve the Magnetoencephalography (MEG) spatial localization precision of focal epileptic.Methods306‐channel simulated or real clinical MEG is estimated as a lower‐dimensional tensor by Tucker decomposition based on Higher‐order orthogonal iteration (HOOI) before the inverse problem using linearly constraint minimum variance (LCMV). For simulated MEG data, the proposed method is compared with dynamic imaging of coherent sources (DICS), multiple signal classification (MUSIC), and LCMV. For clinical real MEG of 31 epileptic patients, the ripples (80–250 Hz) were detected to compare the source location precision with spikes using the proposed method or the dipole‐fitting method.ResultsThe experimental results showed that the positional accuracy of the proposed method was higher than that of LCMV, DICS, and MUSIC for simulation data. For clinical real MEG data, the positional accuracy of the proposed method was higher than that of dipole‐fitting regardless of whether the time window was ripple window or spike window. Also, the positional accuracy of the ripple window was higher than that of the spike window regardless of whether the source location method was the proposed method or the dipole‐fitting method. For both shallow and deep sources, the proposed method provided effective performance.ConclusionTucker estimation of MEG for source imaging by ripple window is a promising approach toward the presurgical evaluation of epileptics.
Perioperative safety of tofacitinib in surgical ulcerative colitis patients
Authors: Lightner Amy L. , Vaidya Prashansha , Holubar Stefan , Warusavitarne Janindra , Sahnan Kapil , Carrano Francesco Maria , Spinelli Antonino , Zaghiyan Karen , Fleshner Phillip R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimThe literature regarding monoclonal antibodies and increased postoperative complications in inflammatory bowel disease remains controversial. There have been no studies investigating tofacitinib. The aim of this work was to determine preoperative exposure to the small‐molecule inhibitor tofacitinib and postoperative outcomes.MethodWe conducted a retrospective review of all adult patients exposed to tofacitinib within 4 weeks of total abdominal colectomy for medically refractory ulcerative colitis between 1 January 2018 and 1 September 2020 at four inflammatory bowel disease referral centres. Data collected included patient demographics and 90‐day postoperative morbidity, readmission and reoperation rates.ResultsFifty‐three patients (32 men, 60%) with ulcerative colitis underwent a total abdominal colectomy (n = 50 laparoscopic, 94%) for medically refractory disease. Previous exposure to monoclonal antibodies included infliximab (n = 34), adalimumab (n = 35), certolizumab pegol (n = 5), vedolizumab (n = 33) and ustekinumab (n = 10). Twenty‐seven (51%) patients were on concurrent prednisone at a median daily dose of 30 mg by mouth (range 5–60 mg). There were no postoperative deaths. Ninety‐day postoperative complications included ileus (n = 7, 13.2%), superficial surgical site infection (n = 4, 7.5%), intra‐abdominal abscess (n = 2, 3.8%) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) (n = 7, 13.2%). Locations of VTE included portomesenteric venous thrombus (n = 4), internal iliac vein (n = 2) and pulmonary embolism (n = 1). Nine (17%) patients were readmitted to hospital and five (9%) patients had a reoperation.ConclusionMirroring the recently issued US Food and Drug Administration black box warning of an increased risk of VTE in medically treated ulcerative colitis patients taking tofacitinib, preoperative tofacitinib exposure may present an increased risk of postoperative VTE events. Consideration should be given for prolonged VTE prophylaxis on hospital discharge.
A flexible and optimal approach for appointment scheduling in healthcare
Authors: Kuiper Alex , Mandjes Michel , de Mast Jeroen , Brokkelkamp Ruben 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTAppointment scheduling is generally applied in outpatient clinics and other healthcare services. The challenge in scheduling is to find a strategy for dealing with variability and unpredictability in service duration and patient arrivals. The consequences of an ineffective strategy include long waiting times for patients and idle time for the healthcare provider. In turn, these have implications for the perceived quality, cost‐efficiency, and capacity of healthcare services. The generation of optimal schedules is a notoriously intractable problem, and earlier attempts at designing effective strategies for appointment scheduling were based on approximation, simulation, or simplification. We propose a novel strategy for scheduling that exploits three tactical ideas to make the problem manageable. We compare the proposed strategy to other approaches, and show that it matches or outperforms competing methods in terms of flexibility, ease of use, and speed. More importantly, it outperforms competing approaches nearly uniformly in approaching the desired balance between waiting and idle times as specified in a chosen objective function. Therefore, the strategy is a good basis for further enrichments.
Early visual training and environmental adaptation for infants with visual impairment
Authors: Fazzi Elisa , Micheletti Serena , Calza Stefano , Merabet Lotfi , Rossi Andrea , Galli Jessica ,   Early Visual Intervention Study Group
Published: May 2021

AimTo evaluate the effectiveness of early visual training and environmental adaptation on visual function and neurological development in infants with visual impairment.MethodThis was a pilot intervention clinical trial study. Thirty infants (mean age 5.9mo, SD 2.1mo, range 4–11mo; 16 males, 14 females) with peripheral visual impairment (PVI, n=15) or cerebral visual impairment (CVI, n=15) participated in a 6‐month visual intervention programme. Thirty matched infants (mean age 6mo, SD 1.4mo, range 4–9mo; 18 males, 12 females) served as a comparison group. Primary outcome measures were visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and qualitative ocular motor functions. Secondary outcomes were scores on the Griffiths Mental Developmental Scales (GMDS).ResultsThe treatment group showed a significant improvement in all the primary outcomes (p<0.01). The comparison group improved only in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity (p<0.01). The treatment group showed greater improvement than the comparison group in visual fixation (p=0.033) and smooth pursuit (p<0.01). The CVI subgroup showed greater improvement in visual acuity than the PVI subgroup (p<0.01). GMDS subscales of hand–eye coordination (p=0.01) and performance (p<0.01) increased in the treatment group, while the total score of the comparison group decreased, driven by language (p=0.039) and hand–eye coordination (p=0.025) subscales.InterpretationResults suggest that, in infants with visual impairment, visual function and certain developmental outcomes improve in response to early visual training and environmental adaptation, in an interactive context.
What this paper adds

Early visual training and environmental adaptation are associated with enhanced visual acuity and smooth pursuit.

Early visual training and environmental adaptation are associated with an improvement of neurological developmental outcome.

Performance, hand–eye coordination, and language scores in Griffiths Mental Developmental Scales increase after visual training.

After training, visual acuity improves more in infants with cerebral rather than anterior visual impairment.

Type and complexity of visual impairment contribute to determine infants’ response to training.
Hyperparasitism by Sphaerellopsis macroconidialis may lower over‐wintering survival of Uromycladium acaciae
Authors: Fraser Stuart , McTaggart Alistair R. , Roux Jolanda , Wingfield Mike J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUromycladium acaciae has caused an epidemic of wattle rust on Acacia mearnsii in southern Africa since 2013. In April 2016, conidiomata of a species of Sphaerellopsis were observed parasitizing telia of U. acaciae on foliar samples collected from three plantations in Mpumalanga, South Africa. An isolate was identified as Sphaerellopsis macroconidialis based on a phylogenetic species hypothesis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. This is the first report of this species of mycoparasite from South Africa and on this host. To investigate the seasonal population dynamics of this mycoparasite, the presence of Sphaerellopsis on telia of U. acaciae was assessed monthly between May 2016 and April 2017. The proportion of samples with conidiomata of Sphaerellopsis was greatest between May and November. This period is outside both the peak growing season for A. mearnsii and the main epidemic period for U. acaciae. Results suggest that Sphaerellopsis may have little impact on U. acaciae during epidemic periods of the year but could reduce the over‐wintering survival of this damaging rust fungus and lower initial inoculum loads at the start of the following growth season.
Excellence seekers, pragmatists, or sceptics: Ways of applying performance‐based research funding systems at new universities and university colleges in Sweden
Authors: Haake Ulrika , Silander Charlotte 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Swedish system of research funding has undergone major changes, while competitive funding schemes gradually have gained popularity, at the expense of institutional block grants. In recent years, there has been a strong drive to improve research performance in universities as a result of governmental desires, resulting in performance‐based research funding systems (PRFS) being introduced to distribute block grants. The study on which this article reports sought to understand the development of increased government intent to steer resources for research, by investigating the behaviour of universities and university colleges in Sweden in terms of internal organisation and distribution of funding. The article investigates the structure of and motives for applying PRFS at seven new universities and university colleges through a document and interview study. We identified three categories of higher education institutions: the excellence seekers, the pragmatists and the sceptics. Universities rhetorically signal compliance with governmental propositions to distribute funding according to performance measures, but their actions are limited. Thus, national incentives, models and measures influence decisions at lower institutional levels in a rather modest way.
Varieties of collaboration: On the influence of funding schemes on forms and characteristics of international collaborative research projects (ICRPs)
Authors: Kosmützky Anna , Wöhlert Romy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article discusses characteristics and forms of international collaborative research projects (ICRPs) and provides conceptual considerations as well as initial empirical insights on the impact of funding conditions on ICRPs in the social sciences and external project funding. Specifically, by presenting a German case study of funding formats in two national funding institutions and the funding tools of the European Commission in Horizon 2020. The findings draw on desk‐research and a review of research on the relationship between funding and international research collaboration. The analysis used a conceptual perspective, that understands research projects as temporary organisations, to discuss characteristics of international collaborative research projects and to provide a descriptive analysis of the funding conditions for ICRPs. The article systematises different forms of ICRPs and suggest differentiating them along their variety by four ICRP attributes: size, geographical distance, funding structures and funding formats. The discussion section elaborates on implications for future research and practice​.