bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the essential oil content and composition of Salvia limbata C.A. Mey at different growth stages and altitudes
Authors: Saffariha Maryam , Azarnivand Hossein , Zare Chahouki Mohammad Ali , Tavili Ali , Nejad Ebrahimi Samad , Jahani Reza , Potter Daniel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSalvia limbata is of great importance to the pharmaceutical industry owing to its various biological effects. Therefore, it is important to investigate the main factors that affect its essential oil composition. Although some investigations have been performed with regard to the phytochemistry of S. limbata, this study investigates, for the first time, the effect of growth stage and altitude on the content and chemical composition of essential oil extracted from S. limbata. For this purpose, the essential oil was extracted from 45 air‐dried samples by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC–MS and GC–flame methods. The highest content of essential oil was obtained from aerial parts in the vegetative stage at an altitude of 1500 m (0.86% v/w). Our findings show that the vegetative stage at 1500 m is the optimal harvest time to extract the highest content of oil while the highest content of monoterpenes (including α‐pinene and β‐pinene) could be obtained in the same phenological stage at 2000 m. By contrast, the content of sesquiterpenes increased to the highest values in the ripening stage at 1500 and 2500 m. The results of this study help to find the optimal conditions to obtain the highest content of S. limbata essential oil, but additional studies are warranted.
Raoultellaterrigena: Current state of knowledge, after two recently identified clinical cases in Eastern Europe
Authors: Lekhniuk Nadiia , Fesenko Ulbolgan , Pidhirnyi Yaroslav , Sękowska Alicja , Korniychuk Olena , Konechnyi Yulian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRaoultella terrigena is a rarely found opportunistic pathogen that can cause healthcare‐associated infections with high mortality. It is important to differentiate it from Klebsiella species.
Polythiolactone‐Decorated Silica Particles: A Versatile Approach for Surface Functionalization, Catalysis and Encapsulation
Authors: Kurka Dustin Werner , Niehues Maximilian , Kudruk Sergej , Gerke Volker , Ravoo Bart Jan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe surface chemistry of colloidal silica has tremendous effects on its properties and applications. Commonly the design of silica particles is based on their de novo synthesis followed by surface functionalization leading to tailormade properties for a specific purpose. Here, the design of robust “precursor” polymer‐decorated silica nano‐ and microparticles is demonstrated, which allows for easy post‐modification by polymer embedded thiolactone chemistry. To obtain this organic‐inorganic hybrid material, silica particles (SiO2P) were functionalized via surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI‐ATRP) with poly(2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA)‐poly(thiolactone acrylamide (PThlAm) co‐polymer brushes. Exploiting the versatility of thiolactone post‐modification, a system was developed that could be used in three exemplary applications: 1) the straightforward molecular post‐functionalization to tune the surface polarity, and therefore the dispersibility in various solvents; 2) the immobilization of metal nanoparticles into the polymer brushes via the in situ formation of free thiols that preserved catalytic activity in a model reaction; 3) the formation of redox‐responsive, permeable polymer capsules by crosslinking the thiolactone moieties with cystamine dihydrochloride (CDH) followed by dissolution of the silica core.
Ultimate Corrosion to Pt‐Cu Electrocatalysts for Enhancing Methanol Oxidation Activity and Stability in Acidic Media
Authors: Wang Yong , Yu Hao‐Zheng , Ying Jie , Tian Ge , Liu Yu , Geng Wei , Hu Jie , Lu Yi , Chang Gang‐Gang , Ozoemena Kenneth I. , Janiak Christoph , Yang Xiao‐Yu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlloying platinum (Pt) with transition metals (M), as an established class of electrocatalysts, reduces the use of Pt and improves the electrocatalytic performance. However, the stability of transition metals in nanostructured platinum alloys is a fundamental and practical problem in electrocatalysis, due to leaching of transition metals under acidic operating condition. Here, a corrosion method has been developed for a Pt−Cu electrocatalyst with high activity (6.6 times that of commercial Pt/C) and excellent stability for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) under acidic operating conditions. The mechanism of formation has been studied, and possible mesostructured re‐formation and atomic re‐organization have been proposed. This work offers an effective strategy for the facile synthesis of a highly acid‐stable PtM alloying and opens a door to high‐performance design for electrocatalysts.
Identification of Phase Inversion on Sieve Trays
Authors: Schulz Jonas , Aziz Philipp , Bart Hans‐Jörg 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe fundamental differences in hydrodynamics of the froth and spray regime account for the ongoing interest in search for the point of phase inversion. This short communication presents a new approach for identification of phase inversion on sieve trays in terms of an image‐based measurement technique. Image analysis of entrained droplets reveals a distinct increase in Sauter mean diameter and droplet frequency during phase inversion. Further measurement methods like pressure drop, gravimetric analysis of entrained liquid, froth height assessment and photographic observation of the flow regime serve as a reference value and complement the discussion. A flow map based on the experimental data comprises each regime and shows a good agreement with phase inversion correlations from literature.
Relationships between highly recurrent tumor suppressor alterations in 489 leiomyosarcomas
Authors: Schaefer Inga‐Marie , Lundberg Meijun Z. , Demicco Elizabeth G. , Przybyl Joanna , Matusiak Magdalena , Chibon Frédéric , Ingram Davis R. , Hornick Jason L. , Wang Wei‐Lien , Bauer Sebastian , Baker Laurence H. , Lazar Alexander J. , van de Rijn Matt , Mariño‐Enríquez Adrian , Fletcher Jonathan A. 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundLeiomyosarcoma (LMS) is the most common soft tissue and uterine sarcoma, but no standard therapy is available for recurrent or metastatic LMS. TP53, p16/RB1, and PI3K/mTOR pathway dysregulations are recurrent events, and some LMS express estrogen receptor (ER) and/or progesterone receptor (PR). To characterize relationships between these pathway perturbations, the authors evaluated protein expression in soft tissue and uterine nonprimary leiomyosarcoma (np‐LMS), including local recurrences and distant metastases.MethodsTP53, RB1, p16, and PTEN expression aberrations were determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in tissue microarrays (TMAs) from 227 np‐LMS and a comparison group of 262 primary leiomyosarcomas (p‐LMS). Thirty‐five of the np‐LMS had a matched p‐LMS specimen in the TMAs. Correlative studies included differentiation scoring, ER and PR IHC, and CDKN2A/p16 fluorescence in situ hybridization.ResultsDysregulation of TP53, p16/RB1, and PTEN was demonstrated in 90%, 95%, and 41% of np‐LMS, respectively. PTEN inactivation was more common in soft tissue np‐LMS than uterine np‐LMS (55% vs 31%; P = .0005). Moderate‐strong ER expression was more common in uterine np‐LMS than soft tissue np‐LMS (50% vs 7%; P < .0001). Co‐inactivation of TP53 and RB1 was found in 81% of np‐LMS and was common in both soft tissue and uterine np‐LMS (90% and 74%, respectively). RB1, p16, and PTEN aberrations were nearly always conserved in p‐LMS and np‐LMS from the same patients.ConclusionsThese studies show that nearly all np‐LMS have TP53 and/or RB1 aberrations. Therefore, therapies targeting cell cycle and DNA damage checkpoint vulnerabilities should be prioritized for evaluations in LMS.
Analysis of the risk of malignancy associated with the basaloid and oncocytic subtypes of the salivary gland neoplasm of unknown malignant potential (SUMP) category in the Milan system
Authors: Manucha Varsha , Gonzalez Maria F. , Akhtar Israh 
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUNDThe salivary gland neoplasm of unknown malignant potential (SUMP) category reflects the cytomorphologic overlap and complexity of reporting salivary gland cytology in the Milan system. It includes neoplasms for which a diagnosis of a specific entity cannot be made and, more importantly, for which a carcinoma cannot be entirely excluded. For risk stratification, the subcategorization of SUMP based on the predominant cell type is recommended. This study was aimed at evaluating the risk of neoplasm (RON) and the risk of malignancy (ROM) of the basaloid and oncocytic subtypes of the SUMP category.METHODSA retrospective analysis of 482 salivary gland fine‐needle aspirations from 2012 to 2019 resulted in 48 SUMP cases. The cytology of these cases was reviewed and reclassified as the basaloid or oncocytic subtype. Surgical follow‐up was available for 36 cases. The RON and ROM for each subtype were calculated.RESULTSThe RON and ROM were 100% and 23%, respectively, for monomorphic basaloid tumors and 88% and 58.8%, respectively, for monomorphic oncocytic tumors. The ROM for basaloid tumors was 8.3% without matrix/with minimal matrix and 60% with an nonfibrillary matrix. The ROM for oncocytic tumors was 50% without a cystic background and 60% with a cystic or mucinous background. The difference was not statistically significant for either of the subgroups.CONCLUSIONSEven though statistically not significant in our study, the differential ROMs within the oncocytic and basaloid subgroups help in the risk stratification of SUMP cases. Further subcategorization based on the stroma and background helps in limiting the differential diagnosis but does not necessarily add to the value of the risk stratification.
Review on Bismuth‐Based Photocatalyst for CO2 Conversion
Authors: Liu Xianlong , Xiao Jie , Ma Shuang , Shi Chengxiang , Pan Lun , Zou Ji‐Jun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOver the past few decades, rising global concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) produced from excessive consumption of fossil fuels have become the main cause of the greenhouse effect around the world. Converting CO2 into solar fuel through photocatalysis is an effective solution to mitigate the greenhouse effect and energy crisis simultaneously. Increasingly attention has been paid on bismuth‐based photocatalytic CO2 reduction owing to the unique electronic structure of bismuth‐based photocatalysts. In recent years, researchers have made many breakthroughs in the bismuth‐based photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide. In this review, we summarize the structure of common bismuth‐based photocatalysts and focus on the recent progress of rational approach for optimizing catalysts loading, including morphology design, component regulation, facet engineering, doping, and defects engineering on the single bismuth‐based photocatalytic system, cocatalyst loading, heterojunction construction, localized surface plasmon resonance, and polarization. Finally, perspectives and opportunities are presented for future trends of CO2 photocatalytic conversion.
Color constancy computation for dyed fabrics via improved marine predators algorithm optimized random vector functional‐link network
Authors: Liu Xiangqi , Yang Donghe 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAiming at the color characteristics of dyed fabrics that are easily affected by changes in light, which affects the correctness of the color difference classification of dyed fabrics, this article proposes the color constancy calculation of dyed fabrics based on improved marine predators algorithm optimized random vector functional‐link. First, in order to obtain the excellent initial population of the marine predators algorithm, this article uses two update strategies of the sine and cosine algorithm to screen the randomly initialized population of the marine predators algorithm. Then, the MPA algorithm that initializes the population using the sine and cosine algorithm optimizes the input weights and hidden layer bias parameters of random vector functional‐link, thereby improving the prediction accuracy of random vector functional‐link. Finally, using the image features extracted by the Gray‐Edge framework, the sine and cosine algorithm‐marine predators algorithm‐random vector functional‐link model proposed in this article is used to calculate the color constancy of dyed fabrics, to eliminate the influence of illumination changes on the color difference classification of dyed fabrics. Compared with the other eight algorithms, the dyed fabric image restored by the sine and cosine ‐marine predators ‐random vector functional‐link algorithm proposed in this article is closest to the image under standard illumination, that is, the color constancy evaluation effect of the dyed fabric is the best.
Visual effect and color matching of dynamic image webpage design
Authors: Kuo Lungwen , Chang Tsuiyueh , Lai Chih‐Chun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBrowsing webpages on display devices such as computer monitors and smart phone screens has become commonplace. Color is the major visual mode to express the quality and sentiment of a webpage, and the most suitable webpage colors for viewing can be explored through the experimental analysis of different psychological perception of these colors. This study was divided into four experiments. Experiment 1 involved color emotion adjectives: participants selected the most suitable emotion adjectives for webpages. Experiment 2 concerned the color emotion characteristics of webpage color matching with a black background—participants selected the most popular color for a dynamic webpage with a black background. Experiment 3 focused on the visual fitness of the color scheme in webpages with a white background: participants selected the most popular color for a dynamic webpage with a white background. Experiment 4 concerned the optimal visual effect design of webpage composition; the researchers selected five geometric composition images to conduct a dynamic image webpage experiment to determine the influence of shapes on users' psychological response to webpages and identify the most popular dynamic image composition style. Semantic differential analysis was adopted to conduct psychological tests and investigate the psychological response of the respondents to different webpage colors and compositions. The results indicated that the most popular colors for webpages with a black background and white background were dodger blue (#1e90ff) and cyan (#00ffff), respectively, whereas the most suitable dynamic image composition was an elliptical design.
Hemodialysis Clearance of Enarodustat (JTZ‐951), an Oral Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agent, in Patients with End‐Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Pai Sudhakar M. , Yamada Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe dialysis clearance of enarodustat (JTZ‐951) was determined in patients (N = 6) with end‐stage renal disease on hemodialysis. Enarodustat (5 mg PO) was administered before (day 1) and after hemodialysis (day 8) with pharmacokinetic assessments on the 2 occasions. Dialysis clearance was based on plasma and dialysate enarodustat concentrations. Fraction of administered dose recovered in dialysate, total predialyzer and postdialyzer plasma enarodustat concentrations, and total and unbound venous plasma concentrations were determined. Hemodialysis did not significantly affect overall total concentrations with similar mean area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from time 0 to infinity (coefficient of variation) of 3350 (26.4%) and 3640 (20.9%) ng · h/mL on days 1 and 8, respectively, and mean terminal half‐life was 9.35 (11.9%) and 9.96 (18.7%) hours on the 2 occasions. Mean maximum concentration was somewhat lower on day 1 compared to day 8 (404 vs 559 ng/mL); the difference did not significantly affect total exposure (area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from time 0 to infinity). Plasma protein binding was high (>99%) with similar binding on the 2 occasions, and total pre‐ and postdialyzer enarodustat concentrations were similar. Plasma unbound enarodustat concentrations decreased during dialysis, with a postdialysis rebound presumably due to re‐equilibration with peripheral tissues. Mean unbound area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from time 0 to infinity was marginally lower (∼22%) on day 1 compared to day 8. Dialysis clearance (0.415 L/h) was insignificant relative to dialyzer plasma flow (∼20 L/h), and the fraction of administered dose recovered in dialysate was small (6.74% of dose) with low intersubject variability (coefficient of variation, 14.7%). Thus, enarodustat can be administered regardless of dialysis schedule, and dose supplementation is not required in patients with end‐stage renal disease on hemodialysis.
Mining the web to discover acronym‐definitions based on sequence labeling and iterative query expansion model
Authors: R Menaha , VE Jayanthi 
Published: March 2021

SummaryFinding definitions associated with an acronym is a constructive task to many applications like web search, information retrieval, natural language processing, ontology mapping, and question answering. A large‐scale manually built acronym‐definition repositories are available online but updating is a difficult task. To address this problem, previous research works used either heuristics or a machine learning approach to automate the detection of acronym‐definition pairs. This article presents a heuristics approach based on a rule‐based sequence‐labeling model, for finding the list of definitions associated with an acronym from the Web. The organic search result of the web page includes website title, URL, Meta description, and site links. In the proposed work, web pages of the search engine are used as corpus and sequence‐labeling task is done through character and word level mapping schemes. In these schemes, the desirable properties of the definition are expressed by using rules. Each identified definition is validated through a collocation measure. Besides, the obtained results are assessed against a manually built acronym/definitions repository: Acronym Finder. The proposed model certainly improves the coverage of manual repositories maintaining high precision and recall.
Conversion between the Modified Mini‐Mental State Examination (3MSE) and the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE)
Authors: Ip Edward H. , Pierce June , Chen Shyh‐Huei , Lovato James , Hughes Timothy M. , Hayden Kathleen M. , Hugenschmidt Christina E. , Craft Suzanne , Kitzman Dalane , Rapp Steve 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Modified Mini‐Mental State Examination (3MSE) and the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) are two commonly used instruments for assessing cognitive function. Although conversion between 3MSE and MMSE is useful in applications such as integrative data analysis, there are limited published reports on the topic. Our objective is to provide a dual tool: (1) an item‐level conversion tool to score responses for deriving both 3MSE and MMSE measures, and (2) cross‐walk tables to facilitate quick conversion between 3MSE and MMSE.MethodsAn SAS program tool allows scoring of 3MSE item‐level responses into MMSE score. Using integrated data sets (n = 8346), actual 3MSE and MMSE scores obtained from the same individuals were linked to form cross‐walk tables.ResultsAn SAS conversion program was made available. Cross‐walk tables were derived. Validation sample shows bias is –0.11 (standard deviation = 1.02) in 3MSE→MMSE; the converse had substantially large bias.DiscussionThe 3MSE→MMSE conversion table can be used in clinical practice and legacy system data.
Female‐biased sex allocation and lack of inbreeding avoidance in Cubitermes termites
Authors: Sinotte Veronica M. , Conlon Benjamin H. , Seibel Elena , Schwitalla Jan W. , de Beer Z. Wilhelm , Poulsen Michael , Bos Nick 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSexually reproducing organisms face a strong selective pressure to find a mate and ensure reproduction. An important criterion during mate‐selection is to avoid closely related individuals and subsequent potential fitness costs of resulting inbred offspring. Inbreeding avoidance can be active through kin recognition during mate choice, or passive through differential male and female‐biased sex ratios, which effectively prevents sib‐mating. In addition, sex allocation, or the resources allotted to male and female offspring, can impact mating and reproductive success. Here, we investigate mate choice, sex ratios, and sex allocation in dispersing reproductives (alates) from colonies of the termite Cubitermes tenuiceps. Termites have a short time to select a mate for life, which should intensify any fitness consequences of inbreeding. However, alates did not actively avoid inbreeding through mate choice via kin recognition based on genetic or environmental cues. Furthermore, the majority of colonies exhibited a female‐biased sex ratio, and none exhibited a male‐bias, indicating that differential bias does not reduce inbreeding. Sex allocation was generally female‐biased, as females also were heavier, but the potential fitness effect of this costly strategy remains unclear. The bacterium Wolbachia, known in other insects to parasitically distort sex allocation toward females, was present within all alates. While Wolbachia is commonly associated with termites, parasitism has yet to be demonstrated, warranting further study of the nature of the symbiosis. Both the apparent lack of inbreeding avoidance and potential maladaptive sex allocation implies possible negative effects on mating and fitness.
Immune function differences between two color morphs of the red palm weevilRhynchophorus ferrugineus(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) at different life stages
Authors: Wang Guihua , Zhou Yuxuan , Tang Baozhen , Ali Habib , Hou Youming 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSeveral studies demonstrated that in insects cuticle melanism is interrelated with pathogen resistance, as melanin‐based coloration and innate immunity possess similar physiological pathways. For some insects, higher pathogen resistance was observed in darker individuals than in individuals with lighter cuticular coloration. Here, we investigated the difference in immune response between two color morphs (black and red) and between the life stages (pupa and adult) of the red palm weevilRhynchophorus ferrugineus(Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Here in this study, cuticle thickness, microbial test (antimicrobial activity, phenoloxidase activity, and hemocyte density), and immune‐related gene expression were evaluated at different stages of RPW. Study results revealed that cuticle thickness of black phenotype was thicker than red phenotype at old‐pupa stage, while no significant difference found at adult stage. These results may relate to the development processes of epidermis in different stages of RPW. The results of antimicrobial activity, phenoloxidase (PO) activity, and hemocyte density analyses showed that adults with a red phenotype had stronger pathogen resistance than those with a black phenotype. In addition to antimicrobial activity and PO activity, we tested relative gene expression in the fat body of old pupae. The results of hemolymph antimicrobial analysis showed that old pupae with a red phenotype were significantly different from those with a black phenotype at 12 hr afterStaphylococcus aureusinjection, suggesting that red phenotype pupae were more sensitive toS. aureus. Examination of gene expression in the fat body also revealed that the red phenotype had a higher immune response than the black phenotype. Our results were inconsistent with the previous conclusion that dark insects had increased immune function, suggesting that the relationship between cuticle pigmentation and immune function in insects was not a direct link. Additional possible factors that are associated with the immune response, such as life‐history, developmental, physiological factors also need to be considered.