bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical utility of serum procalcitonin in adult patients admitted with community-acquired pneumonia in Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Ojuawo Olutobi Babatope , Fawibe Ademola Emmanuel , Desalu Olufemi Olumuyiwa , Aladesanmi Adeniyi Olatunji , Ojuawo Ayotade Boluwatife , Opeyemi Christopher Muyiwa , Jimoh Abdulraheem Olayemi , Salami Alakija Kazeem 
Published: April 2021

Objectives:
The usefulness of biomarkers in community acquired pneumonia (CAP) has been under the research light with limited reports from Africa. This study aimed at evaluating the clinical usefulness of serum procalcitonin (PCT) in patients admitted with CAP in a tertiary hospital in Ilorin, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
This was prospective single center observational study of 102 admitted patients with clinical and radiologic features of CAP. All the patients had serum PCT assay, complete blood count, blood culture, sputum microbiology, and serological evaluation for atypical pathogens. Repeat PCT assay was done following 1 week of antibiotic therapy. The patients were classified into one of two diagnostic groups: Those with microbiologically confirmed bacterial CAP and those without bacterial CAP.

Results:
Over half (58/102; 56.8%) of the patients had microbiologically confirmed bacterial CAP. The baseline serum PCT concentrations were significantly higher in patients with bacterial CAP when compared to the non-bacterial CAP group (2.55 ± 0.14 vs. 0.94 ± 0.61 ng/ml; P < 0.001). There was also a statistically significant difference between the pre- and post-treatment serum PCT concentrations in the bacterial CAP group (P < 0.001) and the non-bacterial CAP group (P = 0.006). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) for pre-treatment PCT in diagnosing bacterial CAP was 0.795 (95% confidence level [CI]: 0.709–0.881) with a sensitivity of 67.2% and specificity of 79.5% at an optimal cutoff of 1.5 ng/ml. Overall, the biomarker was independently associated with white cell counts >10 × 109/L (AOR = 6.28; 95% CI: 1.30–30.32, P = 0.02). The baseline mean serum PCT levels were also significantly higher in patients admitted for 7 or more days (P = 0.010).

Conclusion:
Serum PCT had good diagnostic strength in patients admitted with bacterial CAP in Ilorin. The biomarker can also assist clinicians with predicting the pathogenic group and monitoring clinical progress of CAP.
SOCIO-CULTURAL DYNAMICS AND ETHNOLINGUISTIC VITALITY OF SEMBIRAN BALINESE
Authors: Pratiwi Desak Putu Eka , Arka I Wayan , Shiohara Asako 
Published: April 2021

This paper reports our preliminary findings on the assessment of language vitality of Sembiran Balinese in the larger socio-cultural transformation of contemporary Bali. Sembiran Balinese, also known as Bali Aga, is a conservative mountain dialect of Balinese spoken by around 5,000 speakers in the Sembiran village, 30 km east of Singaraja northern Bali. The language and its culture reflect Bali in antiquity (Ardika, et al. 1991; Ardika, et al. 1997), with the language quite distinct from Lowland Balinese (Bali Dataran), for example in terms of its pronominal system and the absence of speech level system (Astini 1996, Sedeng 2007, Arka & Sedeng 2018). The study is based on the data collected through questionnaires focusing on subjective views of ethno-linguistic vitality such as in-/out-group interactions and domains of language use in contemporary multilingual settings, supported by ethnographic data. The analysis makes use of the current development in the sociolinguistics of vitality, particularly the notions of ethnolinguistic vitality (Giles, et al 1977) and theories of language shift and endangerment (Grenoble & Whaley 2006, Fishman 1991). The findings reveal that Sembiran Balinese appears to have a relatively strong linguistic vitality even though the speech community itself is a minority group in Bali.
THE TYPOLOGY OF APPLICATIVE/CAUSATIVE MARKING IN TAPUS
Authors: Yanti NFN , McKinnon Tim , Cole Peter , Hermon Gabriella 
Published: April 2021

This paper constitutes an initial examination of the applicative/causative suffix -ge in Tapus, a divergent traditional Minangkabau variety spoken in rural Western Sumatra. Our aim is to show that the similarities and divergences from Standard Indonesian of traditional rural varieties provides insight into the properties of “Indonesian-type” languages in general. The distribution of applicatives/causatives in Tapus is interesting for several reasons. First, applicative/causative suffixes in Indonesian-type languages are well-known for the use of the same morphology for a variety of purposes. The fact that a single form is used for these different functions raises the question of whether the applicative/causative morphemes are two (or more) distinct morphemes or whether the form has a unitary linguistic function. We will show that the unitary analysis for causative and benefactive uses of the applicative/causative suffix cannot account for the data in Tapus. Another area of interest with regard to this suffix relates to constraints on movement. We show that the Extreme Locality Hypothesis cannot account for the Tapus data based on the interaction between the applicative/causative suffix and information question formation/relativization. Finally, we demonstrate that Pylkkänen’s typology of applicatives makes incorrect predictions with respect to the interpretations available for benefactives in Tapus and other Indonesian-type languages, showing the necessity for an expanded taxonomy of applicative forms. Our general conclusion is that the detailed examination of grammatical constructions in divergent Malayic varieties leads to new and surprising insights into the grammatical profile of Indonesian-type languages.
Anthropometric variables in hypertensive and/or diabetic patients registered in a hyperdia program / Variáveis antropométricas em pacientes hipertensos e/ou diabéticos cadastrados em um programa hiperdia / Variables antropométricas en pacientes hipertensivos y/o diabéticos registrados..
Authors: Carvalho Edrian Werner , Picanço Júnior Francisco Ribeiro , Tavares Jean Augusto De Sousa , Silva Lucas Carneiro , De Oliveira Marcus Matheus Lobato , E Silva Luiz Fernando Gouvêa 
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Analisar o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e Circunferência Abdominal (CA) em pacientes cadastrados no Programa Hiperdia de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde no município de Santarém – PA. Metodologia: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo e analítico em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde da Família de Santarém-Pará. Foram coletados dados antropométricos (altura, peso e circunferência abdominal) de 66 pacientes atendidos pelo programa Hiperdia no período de 10 a 17 de Outubro de 2017 após aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética. A análise estatística foi feita por meio do software Bioestat 5.3®. Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram prevalência do gênero feminino (72,7%) e de idosos (54,5%). 65,2% estavam com sobrepeso ou obesidade pela análise do IMC. Foi constatado, também, que 75,8% dos pacientes apresentaram uma circunferência abdominal inadequada. A análise estatística revelou associação significativa entre idade e IMC, sendo os pacientes abaixo de 60 anos com maior risco de sobrepeso e obesidade, e entre gênero e circunferência abdominal inadequada, sendo as mulheres mais susceptíveis. Conclusão: Maior parte da população estudada apresenta anormalidades nas variáveis antropométricas. Ocorreu, portanto, educação em saúde orientando a respeito do alto risco advindo das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e a sua associação com o excesso de peso.Palavras-chave: Diabetes Mellitus. Hipertensão. Circunferência Abdominal. Índice de Massa Corporal.
INOVASI DOKTRIN AJARAN ISLAM DI MASA PANDEMI UNTUK GENERASI DIGITAL NATIVE
Authors: Kurdi Muqarramah Sulaiman 
Published: April 2021

Bagaimana mengajarkan agama Islam bagi anak-anak dewasa ini menjadi tantangan tersendiri, khususnya untuk generasi digital native usia konkret operasioanl, yang artinya harus ada inovasi dalam cara doktrin agama Islam. Selain itu di masa sekarang ini dunia global telah mengalami masa sulit karena dampak Virus Corona yang mengharusnya anak-anak belajar di rumah maupun blended learning. Penelitian ini berbentuk penelitian kepustakaan dengan metode dokumentasi yang koheren. Teknik analisis berupa induktif dengan penekanan pada meaning of creativity .Tujuan kajian ini adalah menggambarkan bagian alternatif inovasi metodologi doktrin untuk anak-anak, terkait bagaimana mengajarkan agama Islam dengan tidak mengenyampingkan esensi mereka sebagai generasi digital native dan tantangan di masa pandemi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, sarana platform digital dan daring seperti e-learning, webinar, media sosial, aplikasi audio-visual, blogging, e-book, smartbook dan aplikasi game mampu mengakomodir pengajaran agama bagi generasi digital native . Platform-platform tersebut memunculkan ranah domain kognitif, afektif dan psikomotorik dalam doktrin Aqidah, Akhlak, Fiqh, Sejarah Islam, Alquran, Hadits, Bahasa Arab, dan maupun pengetahuan agama Islam lainnya. Selain memperhatikan pengamalan beragama dalam sosio religius-kultur demografinya, inovasi cara doktrin tersebut juga harus memperhatikan tiga perspektif, yakni perspektif teknis, perspektif literasi kritis, dan perspektif literasi sosial-emosional.
GAMBARAN PSIKOLOGIS ANAK PENYANDANG TUNALARAS: TINJAUAN PADA ASPEK SOSIAL DAN EMOSI
Authors: Badriyah Lailatul 
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi psikologis anak dengan penyandang tunalaras jika dilihat dari aspek sosial dan emosi. Menurut Tamsik Udin dan Tejaningsih menyatakan bahwa anak tunalaras adalah anak yang mengalami hambatan dalam perkembangan sosial dan emosinya sehingga dimanifastikan lewat tingkah laku norma hukum, sosial, agama yang berlaku di lingkungannya dengan frekuensi yang cukup tinggi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Dengan jumlah subjek penelitian berjumlah 6 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi dan pemberian Daftar Cek Masalah (DCM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa anak dengan penyandang tunalaras memiliki ketidakstabilan emosional sehingga terjadai hambatan dalam bersosial ke masyarakat. Hambatan dalam perkembangan sosial pada anak tunalaras dimana ini ditunjukan bahwa mereka tidak mempunyai teman. Hal ini dikarenakan mereka tidak mampu menyesuaikan diri dengan kelompok yang lebih luas dan kesadaran sosial mereka sangat rendah serta mereka lebih suka bermain sendiri. Diperlukan pendekatan yang lebih baik pada anak penyandang tunalaras seperti halnya pendekatan dalam bimbingan karena akan sangat berpengaruh pada kehidupan di masa yang akan datang.
Dampak Covid – 19 Terhadap Kegiatan Industri Rumah Tangga Umkm Di Kecamatan Selong Kabupaten Lombok Timur
Authors: Suprianto Suprianto , Eka Agustiani  , Soenaryo Neneng  
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini mengambil judul “ Dampak COVID- 19 Terhadap Kegiatan Industri Rumah Tangga UMKM di Kecamatan Selong Kabupaten Lombok Timur”.. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis Pendapatan dan Nilai tambah industri olahan rumah tangga pada era Covid -19. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan cara survey dengan mengambil sampel sebanyak 15 unit usaha responden, dan penentuan responden ditentukan secara accidental dengan melihat karakteristik industri rumah tangga tersebut.
Karakteristik dari pekerja informal dan formal sebagian besar melakukan kegiatannya dirumah responden dan berjualan ditempat-tempat keramaian yang padat penduduk dan pengunjung di kota Selong . Tingkat pendidikan responden rata-rata tamat SMP dan SMA dengan pengalam berusaha dalam industri olahan makanan terendah 3 tahun dan tertinggi 10 tahun. dengan rata-rata lama waktu bekerja di atas 10 jam sehari.. Rata-rata pendapatan yang diperoleh pekerja informal dibawah Rp 2.000.000,- sebanyak 46,67% dan 30,33 % pendapatannya di atas Rp 3.000,000,- Sedangkan pendapatan responden rata-rata di atas Rp 4.000.000, sebanyak 23 % .
Secara keseluruhan analisis usaha industri rumah tangga UMKM, sebanyak 5 usaha tingkat efisiensinya rendah ( R/C Rasio < 1 ) yaitu pada usaha dan selebihnya usaha dari responden R/C rasio nya > 1 , secara ekonomi usahanya layak untuk diusahakan. Rata-rata Nilai Tambah usaha industri rumah tangga UMKM memiliki rasio di atas 50 ( RNT > 50 % ) berarti nilai tambah beberapa usaha industri rumah tangga dikategorikan tinggi ( kisaran 51,58 sampai dengan 86,46 % tertinggi) sebanyak 10 unit usaha industri rumah tangga olahan UMKM. Rasio Nilai Tambah (RNT) dibawah 50 % sebanyak 5 unit usaha atau 33,33 % dikategorikan memiliki nilai tambah kategori rendah , seperti olahan makanan serabi,kerupuk terigu, kue kemerodok, serbat jahe dan kacang goreng memiliki rasionilai tambah dibawah 50 % (RNT < 50 % ) artinya usaha industri yang dikelola oleh rumah tangga rasio nilai tambahnya rendah
Untuk lebih meningkatkan pendapatan usaha industri olahan rumah tangga UMKM di masa pandemi COVID-19 kususnya lebih meningkatkan pangsa jual produk olahan dengan membuka layanan penjualan sistem digital via internet (go food , go jek ) sehingga omzet penjualannya akan meningkat.
AKSIOLOGI PEMBELAJARAN S}ARAF DALAM MEMBACA KITAB KUNING
Authors: R. Ahmad , Hastang Hastang 
Published: April 2021

This research aims to find out how the application of S}araf in reading yellow book using qualitative descriptive research. The subjects of the study were lecturers of science s}araf, lecturers of Qiraah and Mut}alaáh as well as students of Arabic program at IAIN Bone. Data were collected through observation, interview and documentation techniques. Data analysis was carried out in three stages continuously including data reduction, data display and conclusion/verification withdrawal stage. The results shows that S}araf learning materials are divided into three stages; S}araf 1, S}araf2 and S}araf 3 by using various methods, including lecturing, discussions, demontation of bags }rif and tadrib. Tadrib/exercise was carried out with bag exercise }rif, practicing to make sentences, analyzing the function and form of words and giving harakat to a reading. The application of s}araf in reading the yellow book was began by giving harakat to a text to determine its meaning. S}araf, that has a study on the formation of the word is very instrumental in this case. Mastery of the bag will make it easier to read a reading, whether it has harakat or not. The understanding of an Arabic text is not limited to the mastery of any existing mufradat, but rather must pay attention to the form of the word used.
Pengaruh Antara Umur dan Paritas pada Ibu Bersalin dengan Kejadian Letak Sungsang
Authors: Hertati Dessy , Setyoningsih Dewi , Nurhidayati Evi , Resmi Laraswati Citra 
Published: April 2021

Hal yang menjadi faktor maupun penyebab dari komplikasi dan kematian pada ibu diantaranya yaitu adanya kelainan pada posisi janin atau letak sungsang. Terdapat beberapa faktor predisposisi yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya persalinan sungsang, dua diantaranaya yang akan kami teliti disini adalah faktor karakteristik usia dan paritas. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh umur dan paritas pada ibu bersalin dengan kejadian letak sungsang di RSUD dr. Doris Sylvanus Palangka Raya 2017. Metode adalah secara observasional analitik dengan pendekatannya yaitu secara cross sectional dan menggunakan total sampling. Hasil uji chi-square nilai dari p value untuk variabel umur hasilnya adalah 0,000 dan nilai dari p value pada variabel paritas adalah 0,008. Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara umur dan paritas ibu bersalin dengan kejadian letak sungsang di RSUD dr. Doris Sylvanus Palangka Raya 2017.
Placer gold occurrences along the major rivers of Nepal Himalaya and their possible primary sources
Authors: Kaphle K. P. , Joshi P. R. , Khan H. R. 
Published: April 2021

Recent exploration in Lungri Khola area, Rolpa district, midwestern Nepal helped to delineate a discontinuous 1.5 to 40 m thick and about 30 km long primary gold mineralization zone in the Precambrian greenschists and Lower Paleozoic micaceous marbles of the Lesser Himalaya. The gold content in these lodes vary from 0.01 to 6.7 ppm.
In eastern Nepal occurrences of primary gold is recorded in quartz-biotiteschist, amphibolite and pegmatite bodies in Sunmai and Bering Khola of Ilam district. Fine flakes of gold also occur in the pyritiferous quartz beds/lenses in chlorite-sericite phyllite and quartzite of Bamangaon polymetallic prospect, Dadeldhura district, far western Nepal. In this prospect the gold content is from 0.2 to 0.8 ppm, and one sample showed up to 14 ppm. Primary gold occurrences are also detected in few irregular quartz-pyrite veins and iron-copper sulphide bearing quartzite lying close to the amphibolite bodies. Some pyrite bearing radioactive quartzite beds in Banku Quartzite of Purchauni Crystalline Complex exposed at Boregad, Bangabagar, Baggoth and Jamari Gad area in Darchula and Baitadi districts, far western Nepal also contain gold. The gold content in the radioactive quartzite varies from 0.2 to 1.2 ppm and in some pyritiferous radioactive quartzite floats it reaches up to 5.06 ppm.
The primary gold appears to be of synsedimentary, hydrothermal and possibly volcanogenic in origin. Placer gold is derived from primary sources and deposited at favourable locations along the river flood plains. Further investigations in similar geological terrain may help to identify economically viable primary as well as placer gold deposits in the Nepal Himalaya.
The Cenozoic of Nepal: mountain elevation and vertebrate evolution
Authors: West R. M. 
Published: April 2021

The Cenozoic of Nepal was a time of great activity, in terms of both the establishment and uplift of the Himalaya and the development of a vertebrate fauna which changed through time in response to the environmental events caused by the elevation of the mountains. Field work conducted over the past twenty years has generated a body of data which brings together palaeontological, ecological, and tectonic interpretations of the Cenozoic history of Nepal Himalaya.
Palaeontological data from Nepal are geographically limited. At this time, the early Cenozoic is represented by modest marine and terrestrial mammal remains found near Tansen. The middle and late Cenozoic is also documented from abundant materials found in the Siwaliks in a broad band of Sub-Himalayan sedimentary rocks between Butwal and Nepalganj and north of Jaleswar. Ice Age in Nepal may be interpreted from several Pleistocene localities in the Kathmandu Valley.
Nepal's Cenozoic palaeoenvironments are interpreted in large from the fossils found in the areas mentioned above, by analogy to India and Pakistan, and by study of the sedimentology of the enclosing rocks. It is possible to document the arrival of the Indian tectonic plate in South Asia in the early Cenozoic using palaeontologic, sedimentologic and tectonic data. At this time the broad open seaway (the remnant of Tethys) which occupied much of Nepal until the early Cenozoic closed and terrestrial communication with other areas became possible. By the middle Cenozoic, Nepal was the site of major erosional deposition from the rising Himalaya. This palaeoenvironment is indicated by both the terrestrial elastic sedimentary rocks which dominate the Nepal middle and late Cenozoic sequences as well as by the particular vertebrate taxa which have been recovered from the Siwaliks in western Nepal. Nepal's Pleistocene was a time of cool and dry environments; Kathmandu Valley deposits have yielded vertebrate remains which are indicative of this environment.
Of particular interest are efforts to relate Himalayan Cenozoic tectonics to the palaeobiological record of Nepalese environments. There are strong indications that the primary elevation of the Himalaya was a mid to late Cenozoic event; this correlates well with the environmental evidence from the fossil assemblages. This paper is devoted to review of palaeontologic, sedimentologic and tectonic data which are used to interpret the Cenozoic history of Nepal Himalaya.
Engineering properties of fine grained soils of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
Authors: Katel T. P. , Upreti B. N. , Pokharel G. S. 
Published: April 2021

This paper primarily deals with the distribution, and engineering and geotechnical properties of fine grained soils in the Kathmandu Valley. Not much studies have been done on these soils in the past except at some engineering construction sites such as bridges and heavy buildings. Very little data are available on the engineering and geotechnical properties of soils of the valley (IOE, 1983a, 1983b, 1986a, 1986b, 1986c; Koirala et al., 1993; Sadaula, 1993; Shakya, 1987; Soil Test, 1990a, 1990b). The authors conducted detailed laboratory studies on the soils of the Thapathali and Ratnapark areas in the central part of the Kathmandu Valley and the results are presented and discussed. An attempt is also made to broadly evaluate the soil conditions of the valley based on the available data from previous studies conducted by various agencies.
The soils of the Kathmandu Valley are mainly produced by weathering of rocks within its watershed boundary. They are in most part lacustrine and fluvial in origin and composed of clayey, silty, sandy and gravely sediments. The maximum thickness of the sediment is found in the central part (550 m at Bhrikutimandap) and southern part (>457m at Harishidhi) of the valley.
The engineering properties, basically the index properties such as grain size, natural moisture content specific gravity, Atterberg limits; and the mechanical properties such as penetration resistance, cohesion, unconfined compressive strength, compressibility as well as angle of shearing resistance of fine grained soils were determined and found to vary considerably both in horizontal and vertical directions. The bearing capacity and settlement values of the soils were also determined.
It is commonly found that most of the buildings in the Kathmandu Valley are founded on isolated or strip types of foundations and the foundation depth is between 1 and 1.5 m. The study of soil properties of the Kathmandu Valley indicates that the heavy loaded structures should be founded on either raft, mat or pile types of foundation.
Geomorphological and depositional features around Thulagi Glacial Lake in Manaslu Himal,	central Nepal
Authors: Volk Hellmut 
Published: April 2021

Several glaciers in the Higher Himalaya of Nepal show a high rate of ablation resulting in their recession and thereby giving rise to large glacial lakes on the site of former glacier tongues. The Thulagi Glacier at the southwestern foot of the Manaslu Peak (8156 m) represents one of those quickly shrinking valley glaciers whose ice tongue has been converted into a large lake of 2 km length at an elevation of 3960 m.
No till fabric occurs in the inner moraine ridges that surround and dam the lake. As these moraine deposits lack fine constituents as silt and clay, exhibit stratification as well as tilted layers, and are composed of subrounded pebbles, it is concluded that these moraine ridges represent push moraines having originated from kame terraces. A low hummocky terrain inside the high terminal push moraine at the downstream end of the lake is interpreted as a younger ice-cored push moraine still being in a collapsing state.
The Thulagi Glacier appears to have oscillated in length and volume several times in the late Pleistocene and Holocene earth history.