bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Southern Hemisphere Atmosphere Wavenumber 4 driven Marine Heat Waves and Marine Cool Spells
Authors: Chiswell Stephen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
When SST anomalies are defined with respect to a changing baseline and normalised by their 90th percentile, the Tasman Sea is one of the southern hemisphere hotspots of marine heat waves (MHW) and marine cool spells (MCS). There is little evidence that MHW or MCS are increasing in either frequency or intensity, although the duration of MHW has increased from 8 d four decades ago to 26 d now.
On average, Tasman Sea MHW/MCS co-occur with MHW/MCS in the Atlantic, Indian, and eastern-Pacific Oceans, in a wavenumber 4 (W4) pattern. Canonical MHW and MCS show they are likely driven by a stalling of the eastward propagation of a W4 atmospheric wave. During MHW, this slow down leads to near-stationary anomalously high and low air pressure areas driving anomalous north-easterly winds over the Tasman Sea. During MCS, similar a slow-down occurs, but shifted by one-half wavelength zonally.
Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Amphoteric Galactomannan Derivative for the Mitigation of Malachite Green and Congo Red Dye From Aqueous Solution
Authors: Sharma Deepak , Madan Vineet , Sharma Pradeep 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Biopolymeric materials have been utilized for water treatments since ancient times. Consequently, there is a cumulative and persistent interest in the study of novel sustainable, inexpensive and natural biobased alternatives. Amphoteric derivatives of galactomannans are still unexplored and rarerly used materials to treat industrial wastes. The study was explored to synthesize and characterize amphoteric derivative of Cassia tora gum, a 1,5 galactomannan for its application as a potential adsorbent for mitigation of cationic (Malachite green) and anionic (Congo red) dyes by applying ‘Taguchi design’ (L9). The derivative was also studied for the conditioning of water using kaolin suspension. The results indicated that amphoteric derivative (anionic DS ~ 0.52 and cationic DS 0.197) is effective in maximum adsorption of Malachite green (73%) and Congo red (17 %) dyes and as a flocculant at a minimum dose of 10 ppm. The amphoteric derivative was characterized by X-ray-diffraction, TG analysis and spectroscopic techniques.
Prediction of Effluent Arsenic Concentration of Wastewater Treatment Plants Using Machine Learning and Kriging-Based Models
Authors: Zounemat-Kermani Mohammad , Alizamir Meysam , Keshtegar Behrooz , Batelaan Okke , Hinkelmann Reinhard 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We evaluate the potential of kriging-based (kriging and kriging-logistic) and machine learning models (MARS, GBRT, and ANN) in predicting the effluent arsenic concentration of a wastewater treatment plant. Two distinct input combination scenarios were established, using seven quantitative and qualitative independent influent variables. In the first scenario, all of the seven independent variables were taken into account for constructing the data-driven models. For the second input scenario, we used the forward selection k-fold cross-validation method to select effective explanatory influent parameters. The results obtained from both input scenarios show that the kriging-logistic and machine learning models are effective and robust. However, using the feature selection procedure in the second scenario, made not only the architecture of the model simpler and more effective, but also enhanced the performance of the developed models. Although the standard kriging method failed to provide fair predictive results, it was revealed that the kriging-logistic method gave the best performance among the applied models.
Experiments on permanent magnets rotation
Authors: Tong Weiming 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Why does the Earth rotate? What forces are responsible for planetary rotation? In the 17th century, an accurate description of the Earth’s rotation was provided via Newtonian mechanics. However, the driving force was not given a mechanistic treatment, and it was merely ascribed to a "push" by God. At present, several theories on planetary rotation remain as hypotheses. Hence, the aim of this study was to obtain experimental evidence on the relationship between planetary (Earth) rotation and magnetic fields. The proposed experimental devices and research methods are based on the characteristics of the kinematic relations between the sun and a planet. A permanent magnet representing the sun is installed on the shaft of a DC motor; a spherical magnet representing the planet is placed at the centre of hollow a sphere that can float on water, ensuring free rotation. Using the above setup, experiments for analysing permanent magnet rotation in a magnetic field and determining the reasons for this rotation were conducted.
High Photo Switching Response of n-ZnO/i-MoS2/p-Si Heterojunction Solar Cell
Authors: R parasuraman 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this research work, We investigate the enhancement of photo conversion efficiency from ZnO nanostructure and MoS2 switching mechanism of heterostructure solar cell.The carrier transport of MoS2 generating more electron-hole pairs in the MoS2/Si interface.The photo switching resistance of MoS2 active layer that increasing in short circuit density to 40.9964[mA/cm2], and the effective light trapping of ZnO nanostructure with optimized thickness of ZnO,MoS2 better thermal stability.The SRH heating and Joule heating are minimized by photoswitching characterstics.The Joule and SRH heating rate evaluated from stationary mode of study and the values in the magnitude order of 1013 W/m3 and 1012 W/m3 The use of both ZnO and MoS2 nanostructure leads to total generation rate,charge carrier transport are improved.The photo conversion efficiency is achieved by 27.7364%
Time to Relapse of Severe Acute Malnutrition and Associated Factors Among Under Five Children in Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia.
Authors: TEMAMO ABERA LAMBEBO , Temiru Deselegn , Belachew Tefera 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIn developing countries including Ethiopia, children under five years old are likely to suffer from repeated bouts of severe acute malnutrition as home level drivers are not mostly improved although the child is discharged after clinical and anthropometric cure. There is lack of study that documented time to relapse of severe acute malnutrition and its determinants.ObjectiveTo identify time of relapse and its determinants among children discharged after undergoing treatment for SAM in health facilities of Hadiya Zone, South, Ethiopia MethodsAn institution based retrospective cohort study was carried out in Hadiya Zone, of Southern Ethiopia among under-five children admitted to health posts for treatment of SAM in the past five years spanning from 2014/2015 to 2019/2020 and discharged after cure. Both first admission data and relapse data were abstracted from the records of the SAM children from Aguste 1 – 30 /2020 Using a data collection format. Data were coded and edited manually, then doubly entered into Epi-Data statistical software version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS for windows version 26. After checking all the assumptions, multivariable Cox Proportional Hazards model was fitted to isolate independent determinants of time to cure. All tests were two sided and P values <0.05 were used to declare statistical significance. ResultsThe mean(±SD) time for relapse of severe acute malnutrition among under five children was 22(±9.9) weeks from discharge to relapse time.On multivariable Cox Proportional Hazards model, after adjusting for background variables the hazard of relapse for severe acute malnutrition was significantly higher for children who had edema during admission with (AHR =2.02 ,95%, CI: 1.17-3.50), were in the age group of 6-11 months (AHR = 5.2, 95%, CI:1.95-13.87), had discharge MUAC for the first admission not cured (AHR = 12,95%, CI: 7.90-19.52)ConclusionThe finding showed that children discharged from Severe acute malnutrition are likely to have relapse in three weeks’ time given the prevailing situation of the home environment. Having edema during admission, younger age and not being cured by MUAC at discharge were independent determinants of relapse. The results imply that the need for reviewing follow-up system after discharge and working on the caring practices through behavior change communication to improve the home environment. There also a need for revising the discharge criteria for edematous children rather than basing only on weight change.
Feasibility Analysis on the Construction of a Web Solution for Hydrometeorological Forecasting Considering Water Body Management and Indicators for the Pandemic of SARS-COV-2
Authors: Junior Jose Roberto Dantas da Silva , Pedruzzi Rizzieri , Souza Filipe Milani de , Ferraz Patrick Silva , Silva Daniel Guimarães , Vieira Carolina Sacramento , Moraes Marcelo Romero de , Nascimento Erick Giovani Sperandio , Moreira Davidson Martins 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Currently, the NCAR (U.S. National Center for Atmospheric Research), the institution responsible for the WRF-Hydro (Weather Research and Forecasting - Hydro) model initiative, highlights four major global challenges: floods, pollution, droughts, and biodiversity. Thus, given the current scenario of a global pandemic caused by the Sars-CoV-2 virus (Covid19), the importance of hydrological studies, their correlation with contamination levels, and incidence of COVID-19 cases are also in the spotlight. Among the challenges around water resources management, the lack of good and representative data, especially for small water bodies and developing countries, to perform inferences and to manage these natural resources is critical. This situation applies not only to observational data and but also to input data for hydrological models. In this context, the WRF-Hydro system represents the state of the art for hydrometeorological modeling. Thus, the model emerges as a computational tool that becomes possible to provide auxiliary data for patterns analysis in time series and computational prediction. Also, with the evolution of artificial intelligence (AI), it is possible to consider the integration of this modern approach with the WRF-Hydro model simulations. Therefore, the main of this study is to analyze the feasibility of a web tool that integrates these functionalities. The coupled WRF-Hydro with AI will support the management and generate a water predictability analysis in the MATOPIBA region (Maranhão-Tocantins-Piauí-Bahia), northeastern Brazil, the focus area of this study. Although the WRF-Hydro system demonstrates efficiency in the hydrometeorological simulation for the region, the model has a range of subprocesses which has a high computational cost, especially for long-term studies. Therefore, due to the possibility of integrating these computational tools, it is proposed to develop and analyze the construction of a web tool using the WRF-Hydro system for the short and medium-term with AI tools for the short term (a few hours to a few days), to optimize the computational cost. Thus, the combined application of the WRF-Hydro and AI system can improve the water bodies management and assist the identification of contamination levels by Sars-CoV-2, given the presence of the virus in water bodies and the correlation of the pandemic with hydrological variables.
Neuroprotective Effect of Sesamol Against Aluminum Nanoparticles induced Toxicity in Rats
Authors: Abou-Zeid Shimaa , Elkhadrawey Basma , Anis Anis , AbuBakr Huda , El-Bialy Badr , Elsabbagh Hesham , El-Borai Nermeen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Alumina nanoparticles (AlNPs) are widely used causing neurobehavioral impairment in intoxicated animals and human. Sesamol (SML) emerged as a natural phytochemical with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, no study has directly tested the potential of SML to protect against AlNPs induced detrimental effects on the brain. AlNPs (100 mg/kg) were orally administered to `rats by gavage with or without oral sesamol (100 mg/kg) for 28 days. In AlNPs-intoxicated group, brain AChE activity was elevated. The concentrations of MDA and 8-OHdG were increased suggesting lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage. GSH depletion with inhibited activities of CAT and SOD were demonstrated. Serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were elevated. The expressions of GST, TNF-α and caspase-3 genes in brain were upregulated. Histopathologically, AlNPs induced hemorrhages, edema, neuronal necrosis and/ or apoptosis in medulla oblongata. The cerebellum showed loss of Purkinje cells and the cerebrum showed perivascular edema, neuronal degeneration, necrosis, and neuronal apoptosis. However, concomitant administration of SML with AlNPs significantly ameliorated the toxic effects on the brain, reflecting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of SML. Considering these results, sesamol could be promising phytochemical with neuroprotective activity against AlNPs-induced neurotoxicity.
Processing Rusty Metals into Versatile Prussian Blue for Sustainable Energy Storage
Authors: Peng Jian , Zhang Wang , Wang Jinsong , Li Lin , Lai Weihong , Yang Qiuran , Zhang Bin-Wei , Li Xiaoning , Du Yumeng , Liu Hanwen , Wang Jianli , Cheng Zhenxiang , Wang Lizhen , Wang Shiwen , Wang Jiazhao , Chou Shulei , Liu Huakun , Dou Shi Xue 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
To reach a closed-loop material system and meet the urgent requirement of sustainable energy storage technologies, it is essential to incorporate efficient waste management into designing new energy storage materials. Here, we reported a “two birds with one stone” strategy to transform rusty iron products into Prussian blue as high-performance cathode materials and recover the rusty iron products to their original status. Owing to the high crystalline and Na+ content, the rusty iron derived Prussian blue shows a high specific capacity of 145 mAh g− 1 and excellent cycling stability over 3500 cycles. Through the in situ X-ray diffraction and in situ Raman spectra, it is found that the impressive ion storage capability and stability are greatly related to the suppressed structure distortion during the charge/discharge process. The ions migration mechanism and possibility as universal host of other kinds of ions are further illuminated by density functional theory calculations. This work provides a new strategy for recycling wasted materials into high value-added materials for sustainable battery systems, and is adaptable in the nanomedicine, catalysis, sensors, and gas storage applications.
Bioaccumulation of Trace Metals and Genotoxicity Responses in Liza aurata as an Indicator of Industrial Pollution
Authors: Turan Funda , Yilmaz M. Bertan , Yola M. Lutfi , Eregenler Aysegul , Ilgaz Seda , Oksuk Hale 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Heavy metal contamination in the coastal and marine ecosystems is becoming a progressively serious risk to aquatic organisms and humans. This study reports the genetic damage and the accumulations of trace metals of L. aurata as a bioindicator species in the Payas coast of Iskenderun Bay, North-Eastern Mediterranean by COMET Assay. Fish were seasonally collected from a sampling site and a reference site for one year. Physicochemical parameters in water and trace metals in the tissues of fish collected from these sites were determined by electrochemical techniques. The high DNA damage frequency at the L. aurata was observed in the Payas coast of Iskenderun bay compared to the reference site because of pollutants that the detected high levels of Cd, Pb, Fe and Cu accumulation in L. aurata were exceed the maximum levels allowed by the national and international limit values. A significant positive correlation between Cd, Pb, Hg, Cr, Fe, Zn and Cu accumulations and DNA damage parameters was reported in the present study. Besides, we reported firstly, that it can be used successfully the electrochemical technique in the determination of trace metal concentrations in mullet. Consequently, obtained data indicate that L. aurata constitutes a useful tool as a sentinel organism for biomonitoring of the coastal ecosystem.
Assessment of the Appropriateness of the i-CONSENT Guideline Recommendations for Improving Understanding of the Informed Consent Process in Clinical Studies
Authors: Fons-Martínez Jaime , Ferrer-Albero Cristina , Diez-Domingo Javier 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The H2020 i-CONSENT project has developed a set of guidelines that offer ethical recommendations and practical tools aimed at making the informed consent process in clinical studies more comprehensive, tailored, and inclusive. An analysis of the appropriateness of some of its novel recommendations was carried out by a group of experts representing different stakeholders.Methods: An adaptation of the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method was used to assess the level of agreement on the recommendations among 14 representatives of different stakeholders, including patients, regulators, investigators, ethics experts, and the pharmaceutical industry. The process included two rounds of rating and a virtual meeting.Results: Fifty-three recommendations were evaluated. After the first round, 34 recommendations were judged appropriate; 19 were judged uncertain; and none was judged inappropriate. After the second round, 9 uncertains changed to appropriate. All recommendations rated medians of 6.5-9 on a 1-9 scale (1 = extremely inappropriate, 5 = uncertain, 9 = extremely appropriate).The sections “General recommendations” and “Gender perspective during the consent process for clinical studies” showed the highest uncertainty rating. The four keys to improving the understanding of the ICP in clinical studies are to: (1) consider consent a two-way continuous interaction that begins at the first contact with the potential participant and continues until the end of the study; (2) improve investigators’ communication skills; (3) co-create the information; and (4) use a layered approach, including information to compensate for the potential participant’s possible lack of health literacy and a glossary of terms.Conclusions: The RAND/UCLA method has demonstrated validity for assessing the appropriateness of recommendations in ethical guidelines. The recommendations of the i-CONSENT guidelines were mostly judged appropriate by all stakeholders involved in the informed consent process.
Extra plasticity governed by shear band deflection in gradient metallic glasses
Authors: Tang Yao , Zhou Haofei , Wang Xiaodong , Cao Qingping , Zhang Dongxian , Yang Wei , Jiang Jian-Zhong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Inspired by gradient materials in nature, advanced engineering components with controlled structural gradients have attracted significant research interest due to their exceptional combinations of properties. However, it remains challenging to generate structural gradients that penetrate through bulk materials, which is essential for achieving enhanced mechanical properties in metallic materials. Here, we propose a heat treatment engineering protocol to realize a controllable structural gradient in bulk metallic glasses (BMGs). By adjusting the holding time of cryogenic thermal cycling, a series of BMGs with gradient-distributed free volume contents from internal to external can be synthesized. Both mechanical testing and atomistic simulations demonstrate that the spatial gradient can endow BMGs with extra plasticity without sacrificing their ultrahigh strength. Such an enhanced mechanical property is governed by the gradient-induced deflection of shear deformation that fundamentally suppresses the unlimited shear localization on a straight plane that would be expected in BMGs without such a gradient.
Variants in PAX6, PITX3 and HSF4 Causing Autosomal Dominant Congenital Cataract
Authors: Berry Vanita , Ionides Alex , Pontikos Nikolas , Moore Anthony T , Quinlan Roy A , Michaelides Michel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Lens development is orchestrated by transcription factors. Disease-causing variants in transcription factors and their developmental target genes are associated with congenital cataracts and other eye anomalies.Methods: Using whole exome sequencing, we identified disease-causing variants in two large British families and one isolated case with autosomal dominant congenital cataract. Bioinformatics analysis confirmed these disease-causing mutations as rare or novel variants, with a moderate to damaging pathogenicity score, with testing for segregation within the families using direct Sanger sequencing. Results: Family A had a missense variant (c.184G>A; p.V62M) in PAX6 and affected individuals presented with nuclear cataract. Family B had a frameshift variant (c.470-477dup; p.A160R*) in PITX3 that was also associated with nuclear cataract. A recurrent missense variant in HSF4 (c.341T>C; p.L114P) was associated with congenital cataract in a single isolated case. Conclusions: We have therefore identified novel variants in PAX6 and PITX3 that cause autosomal dominant congenital cataract.
Association of Gastric Residual Volumes With Necrotising Enterocolitis in Extremely Preterm Infants
Authors: purohit gajanan , Puja Mehkarkar , Gayatri Athalye-Jape , Elizabeth Nathan , Sanjay Patole 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is a potentially serious illness with significant mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. Previous studies have reported association of volume and colour (bile and blood stained) of gastric residuals (GR) with NEC. We aimed to study this association in our cohort of extremely preterm (EP) infants. In a case-control study using retrospective data (January 2006-December 2011), EP (Gestation <28 weeks) infants with confirmed NEC ≥ Stage II (Cases) were compared with infants without NEC (Controls) matched for birth weight (BW) and gestational age (GA). Forty cases of NEC ≥ Stage II diagnosed at a median (IQR) age of 16.5 (10.3-23) days were compared with 40 controls matched for gestation (±3 days), and birth weight (±680 g). Median maximum GR volume (GRV) from birth to the day of occurrence of NEC was significantly higher in cases vs. controls (5.9 vs.3.7 ml; p<0.001). Increased maximum GRV was associated with NEC ≥ Stage II in adjusted analysis (aOR 1.36, 95%CI 1.06-1.75, p=0.017). There was no significant difference in GRV between cases and controls throughout the clinical course, including 72, 48 and 24 hours before the onset of NEC. However, green (65.0% vs. 27.5%, p=0.001) and haemorrhagic GRs (45.0% vs. 27.5%, p=0.092) were higher 24 hours before the diagnosis of NEC.Conclusion: GRV was not associated with NEC ≥ Stage II. However, green and haemorrhagic GRs were significantly higher 24 hours before the diagnosis of the illness. Adequately powered prospective studies are needed to confirm the significance of our findings.