bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ART of BARD: The Role of Domain Selection and the Background Field on Atmospheric River Tracking (ART) of BARD over the pan-Atlantic
Authors: Thandlam Venugopal , Rutgersson Anna , Sahlee Erik 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Over the past decade, the number of methods for Atmospheric River (AR) detection has increased, highlighting the growing understanding that uncertainty in detection may affect scientific knowledge. This study evaluates and validates the regional scale implementation of Bayesian AR Detector (BARD), a statistical machine learning model developed to reduce the uncertainty in AR tracking (ART), using three different horizontal and vertical domains of background integrated water-vapour transport (IVT) field and focusing on the pan-Atlantic region during 1940-2022 using ERA5 data. The consistency in seasonal AR Probability (ARP) and IVT differences across 3 model runs indicates that all configurations capture the general seasonal cycle of ARs, with enhanced activity and moisture transport in the midlatitudes during winter. However, discrepancies in selected IVT backgrounds and domains led to anomalies’ magnitude and spatial distribution, particularly in AR detection probability and AR IVT over Western and Northern Europe. These discrepancies among model runs are large over the ocean where ARs take shape and are consistent in climate modes such as a strong positive El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO+) of 2015-2016. This reflects the robust and inherent differences in how each configuration maps AR dimensions and their associated transport processes. Further, these biases in AR mapping across model runs led to higher differences in AR-induced precipitation, wind speed, and temperature in Northern Europe and Scandinavia. This comparison underscores the importance of evaluating model configurations to assess uncertainties in AR representation under varying IVT background fields across regional domains and climate conditions.
Mediation Effect of Foreign Direct Investment through Trade Liberalization on economic growth in Asian countries.
Authors: Phoo Wut Hmone 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The majority of economists agree with the fact that trade freedom and economic development are strongly and favourably correlated. The goal of trade freedom is to help economies reach their macroeconomic objectives, particularly strong economic growth. Many nations now understand how crucial it is to draw in foreign direct investment (FDI) in order to boost economic growth and revitalisation. This has provided signals to many countries to work on developing favourable conditions to promote FDI, and identifying the key determinants of FDI becomes a very crucial task for the policymakers. Moreover, the role of governance has gained more attention nowadays, and many investors around the world are now looking for a better and safer business environment for their investments. In view of this fact, the author investigates the effect of trade liberalisation and foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth across 48 Asian countries by using the annual data set from 2000 to 2022. Regressed using the following methods: Fixed Effects model by objective approach to analyse the data. The main objective is to examine the relationship between trade liberalisation and FDI inflows and economic growth in Asian countries. The result indicates an indirect effect. lnTLlnFDI demonstrates a positive and significant relationship between trade liberalisation and foreign direct investment (FDI) in their combined effect on economic output (lnGDP). The author's findings provide important insights into the relationship between trade, FDI, and economic growth in Asian countries. These results also have important implications for policymakers in designing and implementing effective trade and investment policies for sustained and inclusive economic development across the region.
CFD simulation of turbulent mass transfer of H2S and O2 in a stirring tank
Authors: Teuber Katharina , Dixit Abhinav , Hinkelmann Reinhard 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

This study explores the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of oxygen (O2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) mass transfer in a highly turbulent stirring tank. Using the open-source software OpenFOAM, we extended three-dimensional two-phase flow solvers with a rotating mesh feature to model the mass transfer processes between the water and air phases. The accuracy of these simulations was validated against experimental data, demonstrating a strong agreement in the mass transfer rates of H2S and O2. The investigation highlights the impact of turbulence on mass transfer coefficients, confirming the reliability of the solvers for predicting mass transfer in turbulent conditions. The results suggest that these CFD models can serve as effective tools for understanding and optimizing sewer system designs. Additionally, the study highlights the potential of numerical simulations to reduce the need for extensive and potentially hazardous laboratory experiments.
Carbon Dots: A Novel Nanodrug Delivery Target, its Structure, Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Divya Surisetti , Singh Pankaj , Hashmi Sadaf , Kumar Anurag , Misra Aanchal , Singh Neha , Dixit Ritik , Katiyar Prashanth Kumar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract:
Recent research has introduced numerous nano-drug delivery technologies into the
biomedical field, with carbon dots (CDs) standing out as a significant breakthrough in nanomaterials.
Known as “emerging light” due to their unique structural features and adaptability, CDs are
a particular type of carbon-based nanoparticle. These characteristics make CDs highly versatile
and attractive for a wide range of applications, including biosensing, bioimaging, and drug delivery.
The remarkable properties of CDs have made them central to nanotechnology and medical research.
Their effective electron transferability and photo-blinking effects enhance their efficiency
in imaging and sensing applications, ensuring safety for use in biological systems. CDs also exhibit
a high photoluminescent quantum yield, making them highly efficient light emitters. Their exceptional
resistance to photobleaching and photo-decomposition extends their usefulness in longterm
applications. Additionally, CDs possess strong electrocatalytic activity, excellent water solubility,
and long-term chemical stability, making them both effective and durable. Their low toxicity
and cost-effectiveness further enhance their suitability for widespread use. CDs' high surface
area-to-volume ratio increases their utility in various applications. Recent advancements have
highlighted the potential of CDs as nanocarriers for biological applications, such as gene, vaccine,
and antiviral drug delivery. The easy modification of their physico-chemical properties to suit specific
applications underscores their versatility. This review article provides a comprehensive summary
of the latest developments in carbon dots, covering their characteristics, synthesis techniques,
properties, classification, and applications.
Inhibitory Effect of Shikimic Acid on Biofilm Formation and the Expression of Critical Biofilm-associated Genes in Streptococcus agalactiae
Authors: Alani Safa Nadem , Al Meani Safaa Abed Latef 
Published: December 2024

Background

Streptococcus agalactiae is well-known for causing adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as stillbirths and miscarriages, as well as being a major cause of newborn sepsis and meningitis.

Aims
This study sought to investigate how shikimic acid influences the expression of genes involved in the synthesis of biofilms.

Methods
A total of 181 specimens were obtained from pregnant women. Twenty-two isolates were bacteriologically recognized as S. agalactiae from these specimens. They were gathered from hospitals in the Al-Anbar province. These twenty-two isolates were identified as Group B streptococcus (GBS) based on their cultural and microscopical properties, as well as automated (VITEK-2 system) and molecular identification based on the atr gene, which is an essential gene expressed in all S. agalactiae isolates.

Results
GBS produced varying amounts of biofilm (weak, moderate, and strong). Shikimic acid (SA) was tested for its antibacterial effect against biofilm. Shikimic acid was incubated at various doses, and its effects on biofilm growth and formation were evaluated by MTT and crystal violet assay. SA greatly reduced the GBS inhibitory effects on GBS biofilms in pregnant women. Furthermore, it demonstrated a potent initial cell attachment, but it had less inhibitory effects on biofilms that had already been developed on polystyrene surfaces after eight hours. However, the Checkerboard approach produced a synergistic interaction between erythromycin and shikimic acid. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to verify the presence of pilA and PilB genes in the GBS strain. We detected these genes by PCR. The results revealed that pilA was found only in three isolates (13.63%), but pilB was found in all isolates (22/22;100%).

Conclusion
Quantitative real-time PCR was used to determine the effect of shikimic acid on the expression of genes (sag1407 and sag1408), and the results showed down-regulation of the expression of biofilm synthesis genes sag1407 and sag1408 when treated with Sub-MIC of shikimic acid.
Echinochrome-A Attenuates Arterial Thrombosis Complications in the Liver and Kidney in Rats
Authors: Khalaf Marina Lotfy , Soliman Amel Mahmoud , Fahmy Sohair Ramadan , Mohamed Ayman Saber 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Arterial thrombosis represents the most commonly feared consequence
of cardiovascular disease and a leading cause of death globally. Cardiovascular disease, liver, and
kidney are closely linked conditions, and disease in one organ can lead to dysfunction in the other.

Objective:
The current research aims to examine the therapeutic impact of Ech-A on arterial
thrombosis induced by FeCl3 complications on liver and kidney function.

Materials and methods:
Twenty-four rats were assigned into four sham groups (n= 6), and thrombotic
model groups were orally administered 2% DMSO, while the other groups were treated with
two dosages of Ech-A (1 and 10 mg/kg, body weight). After seven days of administration, the left
common carotid arteries of all groups were exposed to 50% ferric chloride for 10 min, except
those of the sham group rats exposed to normal saline.

Results:
The oral administration of Ech-A caused a significant increase in partial thromboplastin
time, prothrombin time, glutathione, catalase, nitric oxide, and glutathione S-transferase. While aspartate
aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and alanine aminotransferase activities as well as
creatinine, uric acid, urea, and malondialdehyde concentrations were significantly decreased (p<
0.05). The histological examination revealed a definite improvement in the liver and kidney tissues
in the Ech-A groups.

Conclusion:
The current investigation revealed that arterial thrombosis induced by FeCl3 in rats
causes complications in the kidneys and liver. Additionally, it demonstrates the beneficial impact
of Ech-A on coagulation parameters and liver and kidney function. Despite this, the current study
has few limitations. Firstly, the molecular mechanism regarding the protective effect of Ech-A on
liver and kidney complications caused by arterial thrombosis has not been investigated. Secondly,
no reference drug has been utilised to compare with Ech-A.

conclusion:
The current investigation revealed that the arterial thrombosis induced by FeCl3 in rats causes complications in the liver and kidney. Additionally, showing the ameliorative effect of Ech-A on coagulation parameters and liver and kidney function.
Nano Carrier-Mediated Ocular Therapeutic Delivery: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Parameshwar Kondapuram , Samal Himansu Bhusan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract:
Ocular diseases such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic
retinopathy are leading causes of vision impairment and blindness globally. Despite advancements
in treatment, these conditions remain challenging due to the eye's unique anatomical and
physiological barriers. The corneal barrier, tear dynamics, and rapid ocular clearance mechanisms,
such as lacrimation and blinking, greatly limit the bioavailability (BA) of therapeutics delivered
through conventional methods like eye drops or systemic administration. Additionally, the blood-
-retinal and blood-aqueous barriers further restrict drug penetration into deeper ocular tissues, making
achieving effective therapeutic concentrations at the target site difficult.
This review provides a detailed and comprehensive examination of the innovative nano-carrier-mediated
ocular drug delivery systems (NCDDS). It focuses on how these systems, through their advanced
mathematical models and drug release mechanisms, overcome the inherent barriers of the
eye. This innovation enhances therapeutic outcomes and provides intriguing solutions to unmet
needs in ocular disease management.
A systematic literature review was conducted across major databases, focusing on quantitative
studies to analyze nano-carrier-based drug delivery for ocular applications. The review considered
mathematical models describing drug release kinetics, diffusion mechanisms, and bioavailability
enhancement. These models play a crucial role in predicting the in vivo performance of NCDDS,
allowing researchers to anticipate how these systems will behave in the complex environment of
the eye. Special attention was given to studies utilizing advanced pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling
to predict in vivo performance of NCDDS.
Nanocarriers (NCs), including polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs), liposomes, dendrimers, and micelles,
have demonstrated significant potential in ocular drug delivery. These systems provide sustained
release profiles, prolonging drug retention and improving solubility. Mathematical models
predict that NCs can significantly increase BA by up to 80% compared to conventional drug delivery
methods. It reassures us about the effectiveness of these systems, primarily due to their ability
to bypass ocular clearance mechanisms and target specific tissues.
Nano carrier-mediated ocular drug delivery systems present a groundbreaking approach to addressing
the limitations of conventional ocular therapies. By offering precise control over drug release
rates and enhancing bioavailability, NCs effectively treat ocular diseases. The potential of ongoing
research to refine these mathematical models and integrate real-time PK data is promising, offering
hope for the future of ocular drug delivery systems. The continued development of these advanced
delivery systems holds the potential to transform the treatment of ocular diseases and improve
patient outcomes globally.
Surgical aspects of treatment of hiatal hernia
Authors: Cherkasov D. M. , Cherkasov M. F. , Tat’yanchenko V. K. , Starcev Y. M. , Melikova S. G. , Galashokyan K. M. , Skuratov A. V. , Endorenko K. V. 
Published: December 2024

Objective: enhancement the outcome of treatment of patients with complicated forms of hiatal hernia (HH) on the base on a devised personal complex approach.Materials and methods: the review was carried out of 204 patients with complicated forms of HH at the age of 17 to 77 years (men — 44%, women — 56.4%). All 204 patients suﬀered from gastroesophageal reﬂux disease (GERD). In 53 (26%) cases synthetic mesh implants were used during surgical management. In 38 patients (18.6%) with hiatal hernia and metaplasia of the esophageal mucosa (ESM) exposed to complex treatment, which includes antireﬂux surgical management and argon plasma coagulation (APC).Results: early postsurgical complications we met more oﬅen in the group of patients the ones we used mesh. Late postsurgical complications in the group of patients where mesh implants were used according to the indications were met less oﬅen. when assessing the quality of life according to the questionnaires GERD-HRqL and GSRS, the subjective symptoms of GERD decrease dramatically aﬅer surgical treatment (in 3 months), continue to decline up to 12 months, aﬅer which they acquire a constant character. In patients with hiatal hernia, which has become complicated by ESM metaplasia, aﬅer completing the courses of argonoplasmic coagulation, in all cases, complete regression of the metaplastic epithelium was registered by us.Conclusions: surgical management of complicated forms of HH using video laparoscopic technique based on the developed algorithm is highly eﬀective, which is conﬁrmed by the low quantity of postsurgical complications and a major improvement of the quality of life of patients.
Assessment of the clinical condition and prediction of outcomes in newborns from the neonatal near miss group using the CАSPn, TRIPS and CRIB scales
Authors: Abakarova D. A. , Chistyakova G. N. , Remizova I. I. , Kadochnikova P. A. 
Published: December 2024

Objective: to conduct a comparative characterization of neonatal scales used in assessing severity of condition and predicting outcomes in newborn infants.Materials and methods: the study included 70 newborns born in 2021 until 2022 at the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Ural Scientiﬁc Research Institute for Maternal and Child Care”. Depending on gestational age, 3 groups were formed: group 1 included newborns gestational age 23–29.6 weeks (n=24); group 2 included children aged 30–36.6 weeks (n=29) and group 3 included full-term newborns aged 37–40 weeks (n=17).Results: according to the clinical scale for assessing premature newborns, it was revealed that in group 1, in 45.8% of cases, the condition of newborns who scored the highest number of points was assessed as extremely severe and unstable. Mortality in this cohort of children was 36.3%. According to the Transport Index of Physiological Stability scale, the maximum number of points was recorded in 12.5% of premature newborns from group 1, whose condition was assessed as extremely severe and unstable, but no death was detected in this subgroup. According to the clinical risk index for young children, a lethal outcome was detected in 66.7% of cases in the 1st group in newborns with 7–9 points, while in the 3rd group, a lethal outcome was detected among newborns who scored 4–6 points.Conclusions: currently, the task of creating a universal scale for assessing not only the severity and stability of the condition of newborns, but also predicting adverse outcomes remains urgent.
Automated Process for Monitoring of Amiodarone Treatment: Development and Evaluation
Authors: Johansson Birgitta I , Landahl Jonas , Tammelin Karin , Aerts Erik , Lundberg Christina E , Adiels Martin , Lindgren Martin , Rosengren Annika , Papachrysos Nikolaos , Filipsson Nyström Helena , Sjöland Helen 
Published: December 2024

Background
Amiodarone treatment requires repeated laboratory evaluations of thyroid and liver function due to potential side effects. Robotic process automation uses software robots to automate repetitive and routine tasks, and their use may be extended to clinical settings.

Objective
Thus, this study aimed to develop a robot using a diagnostic classification algorithm to automate repetitive laboratory evaluations for amiodarone follow-up.

Methods
We designed a robot and clinical decision support system based on expert clinical advice and current best practices in thyroid and liver disease management. The robot provided recommendations on the time interval to follow-up laboratory testing and management suggestions, while the final decision rested with a physician, acting as a human-in-the-loop. The performance of the robot was compared to the existing real-world manual follow-up routine for amiodarone treatment.

Results
Following iterative technical improvements, a robot prototype was validated against physician orders (n=390 paired orders). The robot recommended a mean follow-up time interval of 4.5 (SD 2.4) months compared to the 3.1 (SD 1.4) months ordered by physicians (P<.001). For normal laboratory values, the robot recommended a 6-month follow-up in 281 (72.1%) of cases, whereas physicians did so in only 38 (9.7%) of cases, favoring a 3- to 4-month follow-up (n=227, 58.2%). All patients diagnosed with new side effects (n=12) were correctly detected by the robot, whereas only 8 were by the physician.

Conclusions
An automated process, using a software robot and a diagnostic classification algorithm, is a technically and medically reliable alternative for amiodarone follow-up. It may reduce manual labor, decrease the frequency of laboratory testing, and improve the detection of side effects, thereby reducing costs and enhancing patient value.
Applications of Natural Language Processing and Large Language Models for Social Determinants of Health: Protocol for a Systematic Review
Authors: Rajwal Swati , Zhang Ziyuan , Chen Yankai , Rogers Hannah , Sarker Abeed , Xiao Yunyu 
Published: December 2024

Background
In recent years, the intersection of natural language processing (NLP) and public health has opened innovative pathways for investigating social determinants of health (SDOH) in textual datasets. Despite the promise of NLP in the SDOH domain, the literature is dispersed across various disciplines, and there is a need to consolidate existing knowledge, identify knowledge gaps in the literature, and inform future research directions in this emerging field.

Objective
This research protocol describes a systematic review to identify and highlight NLP techniques, including large language models, used for SDOH-related studies.

Methods
A search strategy will be executed across PubMed, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, Scopus, PsycINFO, HealthSource: Academic Nursing, and ACL Anthology to find studies published in English between 2014 and 2024. Three reviewers (SR, ZZ, and YC) will independently screen the studies to avoid voting bias, and two (AS and YX) additional reviewers will resolve any conflicts during the screening process. We will further screen studies that cited the included studies (forward search). Following the title abstract and full-text screening, the characteristics and main findings of the included studies and resources will be tabulated, visualized, and summarized.

Results
The search strategy was formulated and run across the 7 databases in August 2024. We expect the results to be submitted for peer review publication in early 2025. As of December 2024, the title and abstract screening was underway.

Conclusions
This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive study of existing research on the application of NLP for various SDOH tasks across multiple textual datasets. By rigorously evaluating the methodologies, tools, and outcomes of eligible studies, the review will identify gaps in current knowledge and suggest directions for future research in the form of specific research questions. The findings will be instrumental in developing more effective NLP models for SDOH, ultimately contributing to improved health outcomes and a better understanding of social determinants in diverse populations.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/66094