bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical features of gastrointestinal stromal tumors and their role for differential diagnosis and prognosis
Authors: Miroshnichenko Yana 
Published: December 2021

The aim. To clarify all most important immunohistochemical features of gastrointestinal stromal tumors with different histological patterns and analyze the role of expression of Ki-67, MMP-9, VEGF and p16ink4A as a predictive markers of tumor progression.
Materials and methods. The study is based on analysis of 100 primary GISTs for description of their morphological features and 36 GISTs taken from this 100 for study of prognostic markers.
Results. All spindle cell GISTs have shown diffuse expression of CD117 in tumor cells. The levels of CD117 expression varied from strong expression (3+) until mild expression (1+). Strong expression were seen in 75,8 % of spindle cell GISTs. Epithelioid GISTs demonstrated heterognous moderate or mild expression of CD117. All primary epithelioid GISTs from patients that had relapse of tumor in period from 1 till 3 years demonstrated focal mild expression of CD 117 in tumor cells. Expression of DOG-1 were seen in all 100 cases of GISTs, that were included in our study. The strong expression of DOG-1 (3+) were seen in all 45 GISTs that had low mitotic rate (≤5 mitoses per 50HPF) and not associated with their histological pattern. GISTs with high mitotic rate demonstrated heterogeneous expression of DOG-1 in tumors: moderate expression (2+) with patchy areas of strong expression (3+). Expression of CD56 was not found in spindle cell GISTs, but single tumor cells of epithelioid GISTs that had high mitotic rate demonstrated expression of this marker. The average expression of p16ink4A were higher in tumors that gave relapses compared with tumors without relapses (50,3 % versus 5,7 % respectively, U-test=16.5; p≤0,01).The average expression of MMP-9 also were significantly higher in GISTs that gave relapses: 63,2 % compared with 13,4 % in GISTs without relapse (U-test=16; p≤0 ,01).The strong VEGF expression was found in 66,7 % of GISTs that had relapses and only in 8,3 % of GISTs without relapses. 50 % of GISTs without relapses was negative for VEGF. Finally, the average expression of Ki-67 were 13,4 % in GISTs with relapses and 8,7 % in GISTs without them (U-test=16; p≤0,01).
Conclusion. We highly recommend using DOG-1 for epithelioid GISTs. Additionally in epithelioid GISTs can be used CD56 that can give focal positive reaction in some tumour cells. The following minimal panel of markers for differential diagnosis of spindled GISTs from other mesenchymal tumors of gastrointestinal tract is proposed: CD117, DOG-1 and SMA, where the first too markers will demonstrated the moderate or strong diffuse expression and SMA can be occasionally positive in some tumor cells. p16ink4A, ki-67, VEGF and MMP-9 can be used as additional prognostic markers in GISTs.
Endovascular interventions in patients with multilevel steno-occlusive lesions of the infrarenal aortic arteries
Authors: Shaprynskyi Vasyl , Shaprynskyi Volodymyr , Suleimanova Vasylysa 
Published: December 2021

Peripheral artery diseases are a worldwide medical and social problem. Approximately 30 % of patients with critical limb ischemia will undergo amputations and 25 % will die after 1 year. These patients require reconstructive and angioplastic interventions to preserve the limb.
The aim of the study is to compare the effectiveness of different endovascular surgical technologies in patients with multilevel steno-occlusive lesions of the infrarenal aortic arteries.
Materials and methods. Among 243 endovascular interventions, 51 patients were presented with multilevel steno-occlusive lesions of the infrarenal aortic arteries as a result of atherosclerosis obliterans. 42 patients (82.4 %) had two-level lesions and 9 (17.6 %) had three-level lesions.
Results. Among 42 patients with a two-level lesion, 29 (56.9 %) ones had femoral arterial segment affection in combination with tibial artery affection. 13 (25.5 %) patients suffered from the lesion of the iliac segment in combination with the affection of the femoral segment arteries. In 9 (17.6 %) patients the lesions of three or more levels were determined: an iliac segment in combination with femoral and popliteal arteries – in 4 patients, and in 2 patients there were lesions of the femoral, popliteal and tibial segments, in 3 patients there was a lesion of the iliac, femoral, popliteal and tibial-foot segments in different degrees of severity.
7 balloon angioplasties and 13 stenting procedures were performed in two and three-level lesions in which the iliac arterial segment was affected. Only balloon angioplasty was used to revascularize the infraingvinal arterial segments. In the early postoperative period, the complications included thrombosis appeared in 6 patients. It was possible to restore the blood flow and save the limb only in 3 persons. For the other 3 ones, the attempts to restore the patency of the arteries were unsuccessful and resulted in the amputation of the lower extremity. Mortality in the early postoperative period was 3.9 % (2 death due to myocardial infarction).
Conclusions. The persons with multilevel steno-obstructive lesions of the infrarenal aortic arteries are the most difficult category of patients with CLI. The surgical method of choice for patients with multilevel steno-occlusive lesions is the endovascular angioplasty with or without stenting.
Enhanced biodegradation of ciprofloxacin by enriched nitrifying sludge: assessment of removal pathways and microbial responses
Authors: Li Shengjun , Xu Yifeng , Liang Chuanzhou , Wang Ning , Song Shaoxian , Peng Lai 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Antibiotics are mostly collected by sewage systems, but not completely removed within wastewater treatment plants. Their release to aquatic environment poses a great threat to public health. This study evaluated the removal of a widely used fluoroquinolone antibiotic, ciprofloxacin, in enriched nitrifying culture through a series of experiments by controlling ammonium concentrations and inhibiting functional microorganisms. The removal efficiency of ciprofloxacin at an initial concentration of 50 μg L−1 reached 81.86 ± 3.21% in the presence of ammonium, while only 22.83 ± 8.22% of ciprofloxacin was removed in its absence. A positive linear correlation was found between the ammonia oxidation rate (AOR) and ciprofloxacin biodegradation rate. These jointly confirmed the importance of the AOB-induced cometabolism in ciprofloxacin biodegradation, with adsorption and metabolic degradation pathways playing minor roles. The continuous exposure of AOB to ciprofloxacin led to decreases of ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) activities and AOR. The antibacterial effects of ciprofloxacin and its biodegradation products were further evaluated and the results revealed that biodegradation products of ciprofloxacin exhibited less toxicity compared to the parent compound, implying the potential application of cometabolism in alleviation of antimicrobial activity. The findings provided new insights into the AOB-induced cometabolic biodegradation of fluoroquinolone antibiotics.
Recent Trends in Tubulin-Binding Combretastatin A-4 Analogs for
Anticancer Drug Development
Authors: Paidakula Suresh , Nerella Srinivas , Kankala Shravankumar , Kankala Ranjith Kumar 
Published: December 2021

:
Although significant progress over several decades has been evidenced in cancer
therapy, there remains a need for the development of novel and effective therapeutic
strategies to treat several relapsed and intractable cancers. In this regard, tubulin protein
has become one of the efficient and major targets for anticancer drug discovery. Considering
the antimitotic ability, several tubulin inhibitors have been developed to act against
various cancers. Among various tubulin inhibitors available, combretastatin-A4 (CA-4),
a naturally occurring lead molecule, offers exceptional cytotoxicity (including the drugresistant
cell lines) and antivascular effects. Although CA-4 offers exceptional therapeutic
efficacy, several new advancements have been proposed, in terms of structural modification
via A and B rings, as well as cis-olefinic bridging, which provide highly efficient
analogs with improved tubulin-binding efficiency to meet the anticancer drug development
requirements. This review systematically emphasizes the recent trends and latest developments
in the anticancer drug design and discovery using CA-4 analogs as the tubulin
inhibiting agents by highlighting their structure-activity relationships (SAR) and resultant
pharmacological efficacies.
Formulating the Structural Aspects of Various Benzimidazole Cognates
Authors: Krishnendu Prayaga Rajappan , Koyiparambath Vishal Payyalot , Bhaskar Vaishnav , Arjun Babu , Zachariah Subin Mary 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Benzimidazole derivatives are widely used in clinical practice as potential beneficial specialists. Recently, the neuroprotective effect of derivatives of benzimidazole moiety has also shown positive outcomes.

Objective:
To develop favourable molecules for various neurodegenerative disorders using the ver-satile chemical behaviour of the benzimidazole scaffold.

Methods:
About 25 articles were collected that discussed various benzimidazole derivatives and categorized them under various subheadings based on the targets such as BACE 1, JNK, MAO, choline esterase enzyme, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction in which they act. The struc-tural aspects of various benzimidazole derivatives were also studied.

Conclusion:
To manage various neurodegenerative disorders, a multitargeted approach will be the most hopeful stratagem. Some benzimidazole derivatives can be considered for future studies, which are mentioned in the discussed articles.
Amylin Pharmacology in Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis and Treatment
Authors: Casadesus Gemma , Corrigan Rachel R. , Piontkivska Helen 
Published: December 2021

:
The metabolic peptide hormone amylin, in concert with other metabolic peptides like insulin
and leptin, has an important role in metabolic homeostasis and has been intimately linked to
Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Interestingly, this pancreatic amyloid peptide is known to self-aggregate
much like amyloid-beta and has been reported to be a source of pathogenesis in both Type II diabetes
mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer’s disease. The traditional “gain of toxic function” properties assigned
to amyloid proteins are, however, contrasted by several reports highlighting neuroprotective
effects of amylin and a recombinant analog, pramlintide, in the context of these two diseases. This
suggests that pharmacological therapies aimed at modulating the amylin receptor may be therapeutically
beneficial for AD development, as they already are for T2DMM. However, the nature of amylin
receptor signaling is highly complex and not well studied in the context of CNS function. Therefore,
to begin to address this pharmacological paradox in amylin research, the goal of this review is
to summarize the current research on amylin signaling and CNS functions and critically address the
paradoxical nature of this hormone's signaling in the context of AD pathogenesis.
Evaluation of Anti-lice Topical Lotion of Ozonated Olive Oil and Comparison
of its Effect with Permethrin Shampoo
Authors: Rajabi Omid , Haghighizadeh Atoosa , Mortezanejad Seyedeh Azadeh Fallah , Dadpour Saba 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Pediculosis is an infestation of lice affecting mostly children and spreads
by direct contact with the hair of someone infected. Although topical application of a pediculicide
such as permethrin shampoo is the most common cure for head lice, the addition of alternative treatments
is necessary due to permethrin resistance and some safety concerns, including irritation,
burning sensation, tingling, and breathing problems. Recent studies have indicated that ozone,
which is an allotropic form of oxygen, may have anti-pediculosis effects.

Objective:
This study focused on the evaluation of an ozonated olive oil topical lotion for the treatment
of pediculosis and the comparison of its effects with permethrin shampoo.

Methods:
121 patients with proven head pediculosis were divided into two groups. They were treated
with either topical ozonated olive oil lotion or permethrin shampoo for one week.

Results:
It was shown that the ozonation process enormously improved the physico-chemical properties
of olive oil. Specifically, acid and peroxide values increased 60 fold and 200 fold, respectively,
while there was a sharp decline for the iodine index (81.8±1.28 to 0 g iodine per 100 g).
Additionally, all patients who received the ozonated olive oil lotion were entirely cured after one
week of treatment, while those who were treated with permethrin, required to receive more. Statistical
analysis of the data also proved this claim.

Conclusion:
The prepared lotion has shown significant effects in controlling head lice. Thus, it can
be prescribed as an effective anti-pediculosis medicine which is biocompatible and has high potential.

Clinical Trial Registration:
IRCT registration number of IRCT2017100936672N1 (2017-11-14)
https://en.irct.ir/trial/27343.
Nutraceuticals in the Management of Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Where is the Evidence?
Authors: Russell Cody , Keshavamurthy Suresh , Saha Sibu 
Published: December 2021

:Cardiovascular disease continues to rise at an alarming rate, and research focuses on possible therapies to reduce the risk and slow down its progression. Several epidemiological studies have indicated that dietary modifications, such as increased consumption of fruits and vegetables play an important role in reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors. Food sources rich in antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, and hypoglycemic properties are thought to ameliorate the progression of cardiovascular disease and serve as a potential treatment mode. Many in vivo and in vitro studies using turmeric, cinnamon, mango, blueberries, red wine, chocolate, and extra virgin olive oil have demonstrated significant improvements in cholesterol profiles, toxic reactive oxygen species, inflammation, obesity, and hypertension. In this review, we summarize recent evidence on the cardioprotective effect of different food groups, outline their potential mechanisms involved in slowing down the progression of cardiovascular disease, and highlight the beneficial effects associated with increased consumption.
Relevance of Bioassay of Biologically Active Substances (BAS) with Geroprotective
Properties in the Model of the Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans
in In Vivo Experiments
Authors: Dyshlyuk Lyubov S. , Dmitrieva Anastasiya I. , Drozdova Margarita Yu. , Milentyeva Irina S. , Prosekov Alexander Yu. 
Published: December 2021

:
Aging is an inevitable process of nature. The age of living organisms contributes to the
appearance of chronic diseases, which not only reduce the quality of life but also significantly damage
it. Modern medicines can successfully fight multiple diseases and prolong life. At the same
time, medications have a large number of side effects. New research indicates that bioactive phytochemicals
have great potential for treating even the most severe diseases and can become an alternative
to medicines. Despite many studies in this area, the effects of many plant ingredients on living
organisms are poorly understood. Analysis of the mechanisms through which herbal preparations
influence the aging process helps to select the right active substances and determine the optimal
doses to obtain the maximum positive effect. It is preferable to check the effectiveness of plant
extracts and biologically active components with geroprotective properties in vivo. For these purposes,
live model systems, such as Rattusrattus, Musmusculus, Drosophila melanogaster, and
Caenorhabditis elegans are used. These models help to comprehensively study the impact of the developed
new drugs on the aging process. The model organism C. elegans is gaining increasing popularity
in these studies because of its many advantages. This review article discusses the advantages
of the nematode C. elegans as a model organism for studying the processes associated with
aging. The influence of various BAS and plant extracts on the increase in the life span of the nematode,
its stress resistance, and other markers of aging is also considered. The review shows that the
nematode C.elegans has a number of advantages over other organisms and is a promising model
system for studying the geroprotective properties of BAS.
Effect of Source Type and Protective Message on the Critical Evaluation of News Messages on Facebook: Randomized Controlled Trial in the Netherlands
Authors: Folkvord Frans , Snelting Freek , Anschutz Doeschka , Hartmann Tilo , Theben Alexandra , Gunderson Laura , Vermeulen Ivar , Lupiáñez-Villanueva Francisco 
Published: December 2021

Background
Disinformation has become an increasing societal concern, especially due to the speed that news is shared in the digital era. In particular, disinformation in the health care sector can lead to serious casualties, as the current COVID-19 crisis clearly shows.

Objective
The main aim of this study was to experimentally examine the effects of information about the source and a protective warning message on users’ critical evaluation of news items, as well as the perception of accuracy of the news item.

Methods
A 3 (unreliable vs reliable vs no identified source) × 2 (with protective message vs without) between-subject design was conducted among 307 participants (mean age 29 (SD 10.9] years).

Results
The results showed a significant effect of source information on critical evaluation. In addition, including a protective message did not significantly affect critical evaluation. The results showed no interaction between type of source and protective message on critical evaluation.

Conclusions
Based on these results, it is questionable whether including protective messages to improve critical evaluation is a way to move forward and improve critical evaluation of health-related news items, although effective methodologies to tackle the spread of disinformation are highly needed.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05030883; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05030883
Virtual Reality Simulation Training for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation After Cardiac Surgery: Face and Content Validity Study
Authors: Sadeghi Amir H , Peek Jette J , Max Samuel A , Smit Liselot L , Martina Bryan G , Rosalia Rodney A , Bakhuis Wouter , Bogers Ad JJC , Mahtab Edris AF 
Published: December 2021

Background
Cardiac arrest after cardiac surgery commonly has a reversible cause, where emergency resternotomy is often required for treatment, as recommended by international guidelines. We have developed a virtual reality (VR) simulation for training of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and emergency resternotomy procedures after cardiac surgery, the Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Virtual Reality Simulator (CPVR-sim). Two fictive clinical scenarios were used: one case of pulseless electrical activity (PEA) and a combined case of PEA and ventricular fibrillation. In this prospective study, we researched the face validity and content validity of the CPVR-sim.

Objective
We designed a prospective study to assess the feasibility and to establish the face and content validity of two clinical scenarios (shockable and nonshockable cardiac arrest) of the CPVR-sim partly divided into a group of novices and experts in performing CPR and emergency resternotomies in patients after cardiac surgery.

Methods
Clinicians (staff cardiothoracic surgeons, physicians, surgical residents, nurse practitioners, and medical students) participated in this study and performed two different scenarios, either PEA or combined PEA and ventricular fibrillation. All participants (N=41) performed a simulation and completed the questionnaire rating the simulator’s usefulness, satisfaction, ease of use, effectiveness, and immersiveness to assess face validity and content validity.

Results
Responses toward face validity and content validity were predominantly positive in both groups. Most participants in the PEA scenario (n=26, 87%) felt actively involved in the simulation, and 23 (77%) participants felt in charge of the situation. The participants thought it was easy to learn how to interact with the software (n=24, 80%) and thought that the software responded adequately (n=21, 70%). All 15 (100%) expert participants preferred VR training as an addition to conventional training. Moreover, 13 (87%) of the expert participants would recommend VR training to other colleagues, and 14 (93%) of the expert participants thought the CPVR-sim was a useful method to train for infrequent post–cardiac surgery emergencies requiring CPR. Additionally, 10 (91%) of the participants thought it was easy to move in the VR environment, and that the CPVR-sim responded adequately in this scenario.

Conclusions
We developed a proof-of-concept VR simulation for CPR training with two scenarios of a patient after cardiac surgery, which participants found was immersive and useful. By proving the face validity and content validity of the CPVR-sim, we present the first step toward a cardiothoracic surgery VR training platform.
Posthospitalization Follow-Up of Patients With Heart Failure Using eHealth Solutions: Restricted Systematic Review
Authors: Morken Ingvild Margreta , Storm Marianne , Søreide Jon Arne , Urstad Kristin Hjorthaug , Karlsen Bjørg , Husebø Anne Marie Lunde 
Published: December 2021

Background
Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome with high incidence rates, a substantial symptom and treatment burden, and a significant risk of readmission within 30 days after hospitalization. The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the significance of using eHealth interventions to follow up on the care needs of patients with HF to support self-care, increase quality of life (QoL), and reduce readmission rates during the transition between hospital and home.

Objective
The aims of this review are to summarize research on the content and delivery modes of HF posthospitalization eHealth interventions, explore patient adherence to the interventions, and examine the effects on the patient outcomes of self-care, QoL, and readmissions.

Methods
A restricted systematic review study design was used. Literature searches and reviews followed the (PRISMA-S) Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses literature search extension checklist, and the CINAHL, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies published between 2015 and 2020. The review process involved 3 groups of researchers working in pairs. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to assess the included studies’ methodological quality. A thematic analysis method was used to analyze data extracted from the studies.

Results
A total of 18 studies were examined in this review. The studies were published between 2015 and 2019, with 56% (10/18) of them published in the United States. Of the 18 studies, 16 (89%) were randomized controlled trials, and 14 (78%) recruited patients upon hospital discharge to eHealth interventions lasting from 14 days to 12 months. The studies involved structured telephone calls, interactive voice response, and telemonitoring and included elements of patient education, counseling, social and emotional support, and self-monitoring of symptoms and vital signs. Of the 18 studies, 11 (61%) provided information on patient adherence, and the adherence levels were 72%-99%. When used for posthospitalization follow-up of patients with HF, eHealth interventions can positively affect QoL, whereas its impact is less evident for self-care and readmissions.

Conclusions
This review suggests that patients with HF should receive prompt follow-up after hospitalization and eHealth interventions have the potential to improve these patients’ QoL. Patient adherence in eHealth follow-up trials shows promise for successful future interventions and adherence research. Further studies are warranted to examine the effects of eHealth interventions on self-care and readmissions among patients with HF.