bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pilot study of dietary supplement consumption by kindergarten and elementary school children
Authors: Kania-Dobrowolska Małgorzata , Baraniak Justyna 
Published: November 2021

Summary

Introduction: The use of dietary supplements has been increasing globally, especially among children. A lot of parents are influenced by advertising. In addition, in Poland a trend to self-medication has been observed. Parents often do not distinguish dietary supplements, medicinal products and non-prescription drugs. These are the most common reasons for the increase in sales of dietary supplements in Poland. Until a few years ago, many products containing vitamins and minerals intended for children were sold as medicines. Today, a product with the same formulation is sold as a dietary supplement. However, a few studies have been conducted to assess the use of dietary supplements among Polish children.

Objective: The aim of the study was to analyse the use of dietary supplements provided by parents and the study of the awareness of the risks associated with supplements intake among preschool and elementary school students.

Methods: The study was conducted by questionnaire method among 316 parents/legal guardians of children attending elementary schools and preschools in three provinces.

Results: The questionnaire was completed by 88.3% mothers and 11.7% fathers. The age of the respondents was as follows: 64.5% aged 31–40, 18.3% aged 41–45, 9.5% aged 26–30, 7.2% above 46 years and only 0.3% younger than 25. About 80% of parents administered their children with dietary supplements in specific situations. Vitamin and mineral supplements were predominant. A statistical analysis showed the effect of the education level as well as having many children on the administration of dietary supplements.

Conclusion: The questionnaire shows that the vast majority of parents/legal guardians administer their children with dietary supplements. There is a need to educate parents/legal guardians about the use of supplements and the risks involved.
Phytochemical characterization of Moringa oleifera leaves
Authors: Rubio-Sanz Laura , Dorca-Fornell Carmen , Fornos María , Navarro-León Eloy , Jaizme-Vega María C. 
Published: November 2021

Summary

Introduction:
Moringa oleifera (moringa) is a fast-growing tree from north India and Himalayan foothills considered to be one of the most nutritious species. Especially it’s leaves contain proteins in a high concentration, all essential amino acids, nutrients like calcium, iron, potassium and cooper, vitamin A, E and group B, and also antioxidants and polyphenols. Many studies have demonstrated the medicinal properties of moringa leaves consumption thanks to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, prevention of diabetes or antitumor and anticancer properties. The amount and number of essential nutrients and phytochemical constituents may vary depending on the plant tissue and age and especially on the climatic and edaphological conditions.

Methods: We pointed to demonstrate moringa plants grown on proper conditions display a better production of its desired compounds. In this work, the mineral, amino acids, antioxidant activity and various bioactive compounds were analysed in moringa leaves extract from plants grown on Tenerife Island under organic production and similar climatic and edaphological conditions as the place of origin.

Results: Our results revealed a high concentration of several nutrients as calcium, potassium and iron, as comparison to other moringa plants; β-carotene (pro-vitamin A), ascorbate (vitamin C) and glutathione, whose function is mainly antioxidant; chlorogenic acid with anticancer function; quercetin with antioxidant, anticancer and antidiabetic functions, among others; glucomoringin-isothiocyanate with anti-micro-biological and neuroprotective function.

Conclusion: The results obtained in this study placed on Tenerife Island as one of the best suitable places for moringa good quality production and highlight the potential use of moringa novel food for humans and as a biostimulant for plants.
Hypercoagulopathy in Overweight and Obese COVID-19 Patients: A Single-Center Case Series
Authors: Sarfraz Azza , Sarfraz Zouina , Siddiqui Aman , Totonchian Ali , Bokhari Syed Hashim Abbas Ali , Hussain Hafiza , Sarfraz Muzna , Patel Gaurav , Amjad Muhammad Hassaan , Tebha Sameer Saleem , Cherrez-Ojeda Ivan , Dreyer Patrick , Amin Harshad , Michel Jack 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A case series is presented of five overweight or obese patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in South Miami, Florida, United States. A multitude of coagulation parameters was suggestive of a hypercoagulable state among the hospitalized COVID-19 patients. This article reports various manifestations of hypercoagulable states in overweight and obese patients, such as overt bleeding consistent with disseminated intravascular coagulation, venous thromboembolism, gastrointestinal bleeding as well as retroperitoneal hematoma. All of the required admission to the intensive care unit and subsequently patients died. The characteristics of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy are atypical and warrant a further understanding of the pathophysiology to improve clinical outcomes, specifically in overweight or obese patients.
Water’s path from moss to soil: A multi-methodological study on water absorption and evaporation of soil-moss combinations
Authors: Thielen Sonja M. , Gall Corinna , Ebner Martin , Nebel Martin , Scholten Thomas , Seitz Steffen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Mosses are often overlooked; however, they are important for soil-atmosphere interfaces with regard to water exchange. This study investigated the influence of moss structural traits on maximum water storage capacities (WSCmax) and evaporation rates, and species-specific effects on water absorption and evaporation patterns in moss layers, moss-soil-interfaces and soil substrates using biocrust wetness probes. Five moss species typical for Central European temperate forests were selected: field-collected Brachythecium rutabulum, Eurhynchium striatum, Oxyrrhynchium hians and Plagiomnium undulatum; and laboratory-cultivated Amblystegium serpens and Oxyrrhynchium hians.
WSCmax ranged from 14.10 g g−1 for Amblystegium serpens (Lab) to 7.31 g g−1 for Plagiomnium undulatum when immersed in water, and 11.04 g g−1 for Oxyrrhynchium hians (Lab) to 7.90 g g−1 for Oxyrrhynchium hians when sprayed, due to different morphologies depending on the growing location. Structural traits such as high leaf frequencies and small leaf areas increased WSCmax. In terms of evaporation, leaf frequency displayed a positive correlation with evaporation, while leaf area index showed a negative correlation. Moisture alterations during watering and desiccation were largely controlled by species/substrate-specific patterns. Generally, moss cover prevented desiccation of soil surfaces and was not a barrier to infiltration. To understand water’s path from moss to soil, this study made a first contribution.
In Search of Missing Collection: The Case of Artist Albert Rappaport
Authors: Gradinskaitė Vilma 
Published: November 2021

Summary
The artist Albert Rappaport was born in Anykščiai in 1898. In 1911, the family emigrated to New York. Rappaport became an American citizen in 1925 and began to travel widely. He studied fine art in New York, Paris, Dresden and Munich. He visited South America, Africa and traveled extensively through Europe (1925–1927, 1933, 1937–1939), returning to the United States now and again. The artist participated in several dozen exhibitions. He showed his work in Paris, Rome, Florence, Barcelona, Palma de Mallorca, Copenhagen, Mexico City, Havana, New York, Calgary and Montreal, in addition to his solo exhibitions in 1937 in Warsaw and Vilnius, and in Kaunas, Riga and Tallinn in 1938. After Rappaport’s death, in March 17, 1969 in Montreal, his collection of artworks disappeared and has thus far not been found. To date, two of his painted portraits are known to exist – one belongs to the private collection of Jonathan C. Rappaport, another is on display at the Jewish Public Library in Montreal.
Reflections of Theatrical Activities in Lithuanian Local Periodical Press Under German Occupation 1941–1944
Authors: Pukelytė Ina 
Published: November 2021

Summary
The article explores the reflection of Lithuanian theatrical activities in the local press during the World War II. As the number of articles shows, theatre was an important part of the dailies’ content. The articles reveal that theatre activities were very important for the expansion of the Nazi culture. One can distinguish three general themes that the articles cover: promotion of Western theatre, especially German, promotion of Lithuanian repertoire and presentation of entertainment theatre. The latter can still be divided into entertainment for German soldiers and administration, and entertainment for Lithuanian audiences. The content of the articles reveals that journalists writing about theatre avoided Nazi propaganda clichés, such as hatred for Bolsheviks and Jews, but these clichés were nevertheless used by the representatives of theatre administrators.
Art Studies in the Context of Power Relations in Lithuania, 1940–1953: The Case of the Activities and Closure of Kaunas Applied and Decorative Art Institute
Authors: Žukienė Rasa 
Published: November 2021

Summary
The main purpose of this report is to discuss the influence of political power on art studies in Lithuania and the creative work of artists from 1940 to 1953. It will be based on the destruction of the Kaunas Institute of Applied and Decorative Arts, which is little known to art historians. After the Second World War, this institute actually followed the traditions of Kaunas Art School (1922–1940): that was the reason for its closure in 1951. The closure was officially called the reorganisation and continuation of art studies in Vilnius.
The post-war ideological content and power of the government acted in the study process. However, in essence, educators were guided by their modernist attitudes and did not accept Soviet directives. The report will try to show how political power has corrected art studies and changed the work of mature artists.
This article raises a question about the cost of adaptation and resistance in life and creation. The idea is that the destruction of an art institution is possible, but it is impossible to completely destroy the art school tradition. These and other similar issues will be addressed in the article, based on archival documents and examples of works by several different generations of artists – Vytautas Kairiūkštis (1891–1961), Liudas Truikys (1904–1987), Zenonas Varnauskas (1923–2010).
Effects of Different Forms of Extrinsic Feedback on the Accuracy of Force Production and to Differentiate this Force in the Simple Cyclic Movements of the Upper and Lower Limb
Authors: Szczepan Stefan , Wróblewska Zofia , Klarowicz Andrzej , Błacha Ryszard , Rejman Marek 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to assess the accuracy of force production by the limbs and to identify the ability to differentiate this force during a progressively increasing value, in response to different types of extrinsic feedback.

Material and methods: The study involved nineteen healthy and physically active boys and girls aged 12.82±0.34 years, body height 157.05±9.02 cm, and body mass 44.89±7.89 kg. The tasks were to perform a series of right and left upper limb pulls and pushes with increasing force using the levers of the kinesthesiometer and a series of lower limb presses on the pedal of the kinesthesiometer. The tasks were completed in three feedback conditions: no feedback, sound feedback, verbal feedback, and the retention test was used. To assess the level of accuracy of force production, the novel index of force production accuracy (FPAIndex) was used.

Results: The outcomes expressing the value of FPAIndex on the point scale indicated that the highest level of kinesthetic differentiation was observed when no feedback was provided (1.17 points), and the lowest kinesthetic differentiation was recorded when verbal feedback was provided (3.33 points). However, they were devoid of statistical value. The repeated-measures analysis of variance ANOVA with the Tukey post-hoc test (HSD) indicated a significant lowest (p=0.0402) level of accuracy of FPA (x̄ 36.12±18.29 [N]) only for the act of left lower limb press (LL PRESS) in the retention test, while no feedback was provided to the subjects.

Conclusions: The results of this study showed that verbal and sound extrinsic feedback did not affect the accuracy of force production by the upper and lower limbs and the ability to differentiate this force in simple movements among children.
Research on Underwater Directional Swimming Skills of Divers
Authors: Filipek Bogumił 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article presents the results of research on the application of a physical exercise programme to improve the underwater orientation of military divers. The research was carried out on a group of 120 soldiers, some of whom (the study group) underwent additional training for 3 months. During the underwater straight-line swimming test in poor visibility conditions, the test group achieved statistically significantly better results than the control group. The test consisted in measuring the angle of deviation of the diver’s route from the given straight line.
Expression of the Sonic Hedgehog Embryonic Signalling Pathway Components in Matched Pre-Treatment and Relapsed Small Cell Lung Cancer Biopsies
Authors: Kozirovskis Viktors , Zandberga Elīna , Magone Melita , Purkalne Gunta , Linē Aija , Vikmanis Uldis 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Cancer stem cells may be responsible for tumour regrowth and acquisition of resistance in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The Hedgehog pathway regulates survival and proliferation of tissue progenitor and stem cell populations, promoting the expression of stem cell related and proliferative genes. We evaluated the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) embryonic signalling pathway in relapsed SCLC. Expression levels of Shh related genes GLI1, SMO, SUFU, PTCH1, HHIP, BCL2, BMI, ZEB1, ZEB2, N-MYC, Twist1 were analysed by qRT-PCR in matched pre-treatment and relapsed tumour fresh frozen biopsies of three SCLC patients. Expression of each gene was compared using the paired samples t-test, as well as comparison of mean expression levels was done. Data were statistically interpreted using the MedCalc version 10.2.0.0 software. 2.9-fold lower mean mRNA expression of the major Hedgehog activation indicator GLI1 was observed in relapsed samples (p = 0.0529). Mean expression of six Shh inducible genes, PTCH1, HHIP, N-MYC, ZEB2, Twist1, ZEB1, was also downregulated by 2.6-, 2.2-, 1.9-, 1.8-, 1.2-, 1.1-fold, respectively (p = 0.4252, p = 0.1268, p = 0.2480, p = 0.1169, p = 0.1480, p = 0.7595, respectively). 1.8-fold mean expression decrease was found for Gli activator Smo (p = 0.4111). Only the Shh pathway inhibitor SUFU and two other examined Hedgehog signalling inducible genes BCL2 and BMI in relapsed SCLC showed 0.8-, 0.9-,and 0.8-fold increase of expression, respectively (p = 0.3074, p = 0.7921, and p = 0.3822, respectively). To our knowledge, this is the first report of comparison of Shh signalling in matched pre-treatment and relapsed SCLC biopsies. Our data show decreased activity for majority of Shh pathway components in relapsed SCLC, although difference did not reach statistical significance.
Correlation of Immunological and Clinical Changes in Psoriasis Patients Treated with Tumour Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) Blocking Biologic Drugs: One-Year Dynamic Observation
Authors: Hartmane Ilona , Ivdra Iveta , Mikažāns Ingmārs , Bondare-Ansberga Vanda 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Psoriasis is one of the most common autoimmune dermatoses with a chronic relapsing course. Biologic therapy should be initiated for patients with moderate to severe psoriasis when conventional systemic therapy and phototherapy are ineffective, or their use is limited due to comorbidities. In Latvia, adalimumab is the first choice of biologic drugs for treatment of psoriasis. The correlation between changes in cellular and humoral immunological parameters and clinical signs based on immunological data from psoriasis patients are evaluated in the publication.
Renal Survival and Validation of Novel International Immunoglobulin a Nephropathy Prediction Tool in Latvian Population: Preliminary Data
Authors: Saulīte Anna Jana , Popova Anna , Erts Renārs , Rācenis Kārlis , Kučāne Linda , Pētersons Aivars , Laurinavičius Arvydas , Čerņevskis Harijs , Kuzema Viktorija 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine kidney survival and validate the novel international immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) prediction tool (PT) in the Latvian population. Adults with morphologically confirmed IgAN were included. Kidney survival was analysed with the Kaplan–Meier method. PT-assigned risk was compared with calculated risk by the Cox regression model. The Kaplan–Meier analysis included 95 patients. The five-year kidney survival Q3 was 24 months. Women had longer median kidney-survival time (> 60 months) than men (58 months). Median kidney survival in participants with MEST T0 was longer than 60 months; T1 and T2 were 40 and 18 months, respectively. Median kidney survival in participants with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) < 99 mmHg was longer than 60 months, whereas in patients with DBP 100–109 and 110 mmHg, it was 40 and 24 months, respectively. Cox regression analysis included 68 patients. A moderate degree of correlation was found between predicted and observed five-year risk (p = 0.001). Gender, tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis, DBP are significant factors affecting kidney survival. Since there was statistically significant correlation and reliability between PT and follow-up analysis data, we conclude that PT could be applied for use in the Latvian population.
Neuromonitoring During Cardiac Surgery in a Patient with Ventriculo-Caval Shunt Migration: Case Report
Authors: Leibuss Roberts , Babuškina Inna , Žeņiļenko Taisija , Meidrops Kristiāns , Kalniņš Artis , Ļišņovs Artjoms , Kaļiņins Artjoms , Pičkure Žanna , Strīķe Eva , Stradiņš Pēteris 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Ventricular shunting is a well-recognised and commonly practiced method of reducing increased intracranial pressure in patients with neurologic pathology. There are possible complications related to shunt implantation, where the rarest is intracardiac migration of the distal shunt catheter. We present a case where the distal catheter migrated into the right ventricle, causing extrasystoles and was complicated with acute right ventricle failure during the endovascular shunt evacuation procedure.
Oleic Acid Glycerides Content in the Oils of Maize Endospermic Mutants and Its Dependence on Temperature During Ripening
Authors: Tymchuk Dmytro S. , Sadovnichenko Iurii , Tymchuk Nataliya , Potapenko Halyna , Torianyk Inna 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Identification of sources of increased content of oleic acid glycerides (oleates) and determination of the nature of its variability are prerequisites for improving oil quality. The purpose of this study was to establish the variability of the content of oleic acid glycerides (oleates) in maize oil depending on the genotype and ripening temperature. The experiments were carried out on a series of common maize inbreds and inbred-carriers of the su1, ae, and su2 mutations, which were grown for three years. The fatty acid composition of the oil was analysed by the Peisker gas chromatographic method. Genotype–environment interactions were assessed using the Eberhard– Russell algorithm. It was found that the carriers of the su1 and su2 mutations had the highest oleate content. The oleate content of maize oil generally increased with increasing ripening temperature. Unrelated inbreds based on one mutation significantly differed in the genetically determined level of oleate and showed non-identical responses to the ripening temperature. In inbreds of the first type, the content of oleates changed significantly with temperature fluctuation, while inbreds of the second type provided a fairly stable level of the trait under these conditions.
Language Use Among Malaysian Tamil Youth
Authors: Nalliannan Pawathy , Perumal Thanalachime , Pillai Stefanie 
Published: November 2021

Summary
Most studies on the language use of Malaysian Tamils focus on the upkeep of the Tamil language. There is, however, a dearth of investigations into language use in a multilingual context among the younger generation of speakers. The present study aims to fill this gap by using Fishman’s (1972) domain model to examine the language used by Tamil youth in intra-group communication in seven domains. Data were collected from 109 questionnaires, 42 audio-recordings of natural conversations and 40 interviews. The findings revealed that in four domains, which were the family, friendship, religion, and neighbourhood, Tamil is used more frequently. The highest usage of the language is predominantly among friends. However, there was a decreasing use of Tamil in the family domain among the younger generations with many married participants claiming to use English rather than Tamil as the home language. This does not bode well for the maintenance of Tamil as a first language in the future. The findings show how participants’ use of Tamil, English and Malay is linked to concepts of identity, solidarity, and their perceptions of these languages. The findings also point to the development of a localised variety of Tamil reflective of the Malaysian cultural landscape.
Preparing Ell Writers for Becoming Multilingual Writers: Challenges and Strategies
Authors: Choi Lee Jin 
Published: November 2021

Summary
The increasing number of international students enrolled in higher education in English-speaking countries has presented the growing need to support their academic writing development. It, however, has often led to the hasty assumption that English language learner (ELL) writers need to quickly adopt the dominant academic writing conventions in order to succeed in an English-speaking academic community. Even though the growing number of scholars have started to pay attention to ELL writers’ diverse writing styles and multiple identities, little research and discussion have taken place on how language practitioners could engage ELL writers in developing their voices as multilingual and multicultural writers. By analyzing a qualitative interview with ten experienced writing consultants and instructors, this paper explores major challenges that ELL writers experience and different strategies that could effectively help them develop their voices as writers in the academic context where English is dominantly used as the medium of instruction. Findings show that while many colleges and universities in English-speaking countries still adopt a monolithic view and label ELL writers as ‘a troubled non-native writer’, it is crucial for writing consultants and instructors to acknowledge ELL writers’ multilingual background and help them to develop their unique voices and achieve sustainable development and progress.