bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Phase II depth‐based variable dimension EWMA control chart for monitoring process mean
Authors: Yang Su‐Fen , Lin Yi‐Chi , Yeh Arthur B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStatistical process control consists of tools and techniques that are useful for improving a process or ensuring that a process is in a stable and satisfactory state. In many modern industrial applications, it is critically important to simultaneously monitor two or more correlated process quality variables, thus necessitating the development of multivariate statistical process control (MSPC) as an important area of research for the new century. Nevertheless, the existing MSPC research is mostly based on the assumption that the process data follow a multinormal distribution or a known distribution. However, it is well recognized that in many applications the underlying process distribution is unknown. In practice, among a set of correlated variables to be monitored, there is oftentimes a subset of variables that are easy and/or inexpensive to measure, whereas the remaining variables are difficult and/or expensive to measure but contain information that may help more quickly detect a shift in the process mean. We are motivated to develop a Phase II control chart to monitor variable dimension (VD) mean vector for unknown multivariate processes. The proposed chart is based on the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) of a depth‐based statistic. The proposed chart is shown to lead to faster detection of mean shifts than the existing VDT2 and VD EWMAT2 charts studied in Aparisi et al. and Epprecht et al., respectively.
Trichoderma asperellum alters fungal community composition in saline–alkaline soil maize rhizospheres
Authors: Fu Jian , Xiao Yao , Wang Yu‐Feng , Liu Zhi‐Hua , Zhang Yi‐Fei , Yang Ke‐Jun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Songnen Plain is an important agricultural region in China with an abundance of saline–alkaline soil that significantly restricts maize growth. Trichoderma spp., free‐living fungi, are commonly used biofertilizers. The effects of Trichoderma asperellum on the fungal community in saline–alkaline soils remain unclear; hence, in this study, three T. asperellum conidium suspension concentrations were used: 0 g (control), 0.7 g (low dose), and 1.4 g (high dose) over three consecutive years, following which high‐throughput sequencing was conducted to analyze the effect of T. asperellum on fungal diversity in the rhizosphere soil. Changes in crop yield, soil salt ion content, and pH were also monitored. T. asperellum treatment effectively regulated the soil salt ion balance, lowered the pH, and improved the crop yield by 4.88–20.26%. Additionally, the T. asperellum treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of T. asperellum and Ceratobasidium sp and inhibited that of the pathogenic fungi Neonectria and Fusarium. Changes in the soil fungal community composition were closely associated with soil properties and yield. Our findings suggest that long‐term T. asperellum exposure can alleviate saline–alkaline stress for maize growth by decreasing soil pH and salt ion content and regulating the fungal microbial community, thereby increasing crop yield.
Graphene‐Based Nanomaterials for Flexible and Stretchable Batteries
Authors: Kim Seong Dae , Sarkar Arijit , Ahn Jong‐Hyun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRecently, as flexible and wearable electronic devices have become widely popular, research on light weight and large‐capacity batteries suitable for powering such devices has been actively conducted. In particular, graphene has attracted considerable attention from researchers in the battery field owing to its good mechanical properties and its applicability in various processes to fabricate electrodes for batteries. Graphene is classified into two types: flake‐type, fabricated from graphite, and film‐type, synthesized using chemical vapor deposition. The unique processes involved in these two types enable the fabrication of flexible and stretchable batteries with various shapes and functions. In this article, the recent progress in the development of flexible and stretchable batteries based on graphene, as well as its important technical issues are reviewed.
Evaluating Phospholipid‐Functionalized Gold Nanorods for In Vivo Applications
Authors: Roach Lucien , Booth Mary E. , Ingram Nicola , Paterson Daniel A. , Batchelor Damien V. B. , Moorcroft Samuel C. T. , Bushby Richard J. , Critchley Kevin , Coletta P. Louise , Evans Stephen D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGold nanorods (AuNRs) have attracted a great deal of attention due to their potential for use in a wide range of biomedical applications. However, their production typically requires the use of the relatively toxic cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) leading to continued demand for protocols to detoxify them for in vivo applications. In this study, a robust and facile protocol for the displacement of CTAB from the surface of AuNRs using phospholipids is presented. After the displacement, CTAB is not detectable by NMR spectroscopy, surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy, or using pH‐dependent ζ‐potential measurements. The phospholipid functionalized AuNRs demonstrated superior stability and biocompatibility (IC50 > 200 µg mL−1) compared to both CTAB and polyelectrolyte functionalized AuNRs and are well tolerated in vivo. Furthermore, they have high near‐infrared (NIR) absorbance and produce large amounts of heat under NIR illumination, hence such particles are well suited for plasmonic medical applications.
Traumatic atlantoaxial subluxation associated with congenital aplasia of the odontoid process of the axis in an English Springer Spaniel
Authors: Gilbert Emma , Driver Colin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe describe a three‐year‐old English Springer Spaniel presented with peracute and traumatic onset of cervical spinal cord signs of non‐ambulatory tetraparesis and bilateral Horner's syndrome. MRI and CT revealed aplasia of the odontoid process, dramatic dorsal displacement of the axis and marked compression of the spinal cord with changes consistent with oedema and inflammation. Surgical reduction of the vertebrae and atlantoaxial arthrodesis was successful, with recovery of ambulation over six weeks. A follow‐up CT six weeks later confirmed stability of the implants. The dog is clinically stable 19 months on. Traumatic atlantoaxial subluxation associated with congenital dysplasia of the odontoid process is rarely reported in medium breed dogs.
Effect of single variable factor of electron‐acceptor on the luminescence quantum yield of terbium complex
Authors: Liu Min , Tao Peng , Chen Yun , Jiang Yefei , Li Ling , Ding Liwen , Zhao Yongli 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTwo series of terbium complexes of Tb2(4‐BMBA)6(phen)2 (Tb−Br, 4‐BMBA=4‐Br‐3‐methylbenzoic acid, phen=1,10‐phenanthroline) and Tb2(4‐IMBA)6(phen)2 (Tb−I, 4‐IMBA=4‐I‐3‐methylbenzoic acid) are synthesized by varying the single factor of electron‐acceptor property of substituent group Br and I at para‐position of 3‐methylbenzoic acid. They crystalize in the same space group, ligand and metal ions are arranged in the same mode. Interestingly, the luminescence quantum yield (QY) of Tb−Br is greater than Tb−I, indicating that weaker electron‐acceptor group of I at para‐position of 3‐methylbenzoic acid leads to lower luminescence QY than Br in terbium complex. This is the first work to control the single variable factor to study the substituent group property on the luminescence QY of lanthanide complex. Further study reveals that Tb−I is a multiplex sensor for Fe2+, Co2+, and Ni2+.
Non-perturbative geometries for planar $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM amplitudes
Authors: Arkani-Hamed Nima , Lam Thomas , Spradlin Marcus 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
There is a remarkable well-known connection between the G(4, n) cluster algebra and n-particle amplitudes in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM theory. For n ≥ 8 two long-standing open questions have been to find a mathematically natural way to identify a finite list of amplitude symbol letters from among the infinitely many cluster variables, and to find an explanation for certain algebraic functions, such as the square roots of four-mass-box type, that are expected to appear in symbols but are not cluster variables. In this letter we use the notion of “stringy canonical forms” to construct polytopal realizations of certain compactifications of (the positive part of) the configuration space Confn(ℙk−1) ≅ G(k, n)/T that are manifestly finite for all k and n. Some facets of these polytopes are naturally associated to cluster variables, while others are naturally associated to algebraic functions constructed from Lusztig’s canonical basis. For (k, n) = (4, 8) the latter include precisely the expected square roots, revealing them to be related to certain “overpositive” functions of the kinematical invariants.
A path integral formulation for particle detectors: the Unruh-DeWitt model as a line defect
Authors: Burbano Ivan M. , Perche T. Rick , de S. L. Torres Bruno 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Particle detectors are an ubiquitous tool for probing quantum fields in the context of relativistic quantum information (RQI). We formulate the Unruh-DeWitt (UDW) particle detector model in terms of the path integral formalism. The formulation is able to recover the results of the model in general globally hyperbolic spacetimes and for arbitrary detector trajectories. Integrating out the detector’s degrees of freedom yields a line defect that allows one to express the transition probability in terms of Feynman diagrams. Inspired by the light-matter interaction, we propose a gauge invariant detector model whose associated line defect is related to the derivative of a Wilson line. This is another instance where nonlocal operators in gauge theories can be interpreted as physical probes for quantum fields.
Study of the effect of inter-pass temperature on weld overlap start-stop defects and mitigation by application of laser defocusing
Authors: Lai Wai Jun , Ganguly Supriyo , Suder Wojciech 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLaser keyhole initiation and termination-related defects, such as cracking and keyhole cavities due to keyhole collapse, are a well-known issue in laser keyhole welding of thick section steels. In longitudinal welding, run-on and run-off plates are used to avoid this problem. However, such an approach is not applicable in circumferential welding where start/stop defects remain within the workpiece. These issues can hinder industry from applying laser keyhole welding for circumferential welding applications. In this paper, the effect of inter-pass temperature on laser keyhole initiation and termination at the weld overlap start-stop region was investigated. This study has identified that defects occurring within this region were due to laser termination rather than laser initiation because of keyhole instabilities regardless of the thermal cycle. The laser termination defects were mitigated by applying a laser defocusing termination regime to reduce the keyhole depth gradually and control the closure of the keyhole.
Positive Solutions of Transport Equations and Classical Nonuniqueness of Characteristic curves
Authors: Brué Elia , Colombo Maria , De Lellis Camillo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe seminal work of DiPerna and Lions (Invent Math 98(3):511–547, 1989) guarantees the existence and uniqueness of regular Lagrangian flows for Sobolev vector fields. The latter is a suitable selection of trajectories of the related ODE satisfying additional compressibility/semigroup properties. A long-standing open question is whether the uniqueness of the regular Lagrangian flow is a corollary of the uniqueness of the trajectory of the ODE for a.e. initial datum. Using Ambrosio’s superposition principle, we relate the latter to the uniqueness of positive solutions of the continuity equation and we then provide a negative answer using tools introduced by Modena and Székelyhidi in the recent groundbreaking work (Modena and Székelyhidi in Ann PDE 4(2):38, 2018). On the opposite side, we introduce a new class of asymmetric Lusin–Lipschitz inequalities and use them to prove the uniqueness of positive solutions of the continuity equation in an integrability range which goes beyond the DiPerna–Lions theory.
Protein-templated copper nanoclusters for fluorimetric determination of human serum albumin
Authors: Lettieri Mariagrazia , Palladino Pasquale , Scarano Simona , Minunni Maria 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCopper nanoclusters (CuNCs) are attractive for their unique optical properties, providing sensitive fluorescent detection of several kinds of targets even in complex matrices. Their ability in growing on suitable protein and nucleic acid templates make CuNCs efficient optical reporters to be exploited in bioanalysis. In this work, we report the specific and sensitive determination of human serum albumin (HSA) in human serum (HS) and urine via CuNCs fluorescence. HSA is the most abundant protein in plasma, and plays a key role in the early diagnosis of serious pathological conditions such as albuminuria and albuminemia. Recently, HSA has become clinically central also as a biomarker to assess severity, progression, and prognosis of various cancers. We report the controlled and reproducible growth of CuNCs directly on the target analyte, HSA, which results in a fine dose-dependent fluorescent emission at 405 nm. The protocol is optimized in water, and then applied to serum and urine specimens, without matrix pretreatment. The method linearly responds within the whole concentration of clinical interest, with a sensitivity of 1.8 ± 0.1 × 10−3 g L−1 and 0.62 ± 0.03 × 10−3 g L−1 in serum and urine, respectively, and excellent reproducibility (CVav% ca. 3% for both). The assay is designed to have a single protocol working for both matrices, with recovery of 95% (HS) and 96% (urine). The stability of the fluorescence after CuNCs formation was tested over 3 days, displaying good results (yet higher in urine than in serum).
Graphical abstract
Detecting space–time clusters of COVID-19 in Brazil: mortality, inequality, socioeconomic vulnerability, and the relative risk of the disease in Brazilian municipalities
Authors: Martines M. R. , Ferreira R. V. , Toppa R. H. , Assunção L. M. , Desjardins M. R. , Delmelle E. M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe first case of COVID-19 in South America occurred in Brazil on February 25, 2020. By July 20, 2020, there were 2,118,646 confirmed cases and 80,120 confirmed deaths. To assist with the development of preventive measures and targeted interventions to combat the pandemic in Brazil, we present a geographic study to detect “active” and “emerging” space–time clusters of COVID-19. We document the relationship between relative risk of COVID-19 and mortality, inequality, socioeconomic vulnerability variables. We used the prospective space–time scan statistic to detect daily COVID-19 clusters and examine the relative risk between February 25–June 7, 2020, and February 25–July 20, 2020, in 5570 Brazilian municipalities. We apply a Generalized Linear Model (GLM) to assess whether mortality rate, GINI index, and social inequality are predictors for the relative risk of each cluster. We detected 7 “active” clusters in the first time period, being one in the north, two in the northeast, two in the southeast, one in the south, and one in the capital of Brazil. In the second period, we found 9 clusters with RR > 1 located in all Brazilian regions. The results obtained through the GLM showed that there is a significant positive correlation between the predictor variables in relation to the relative risk of COVID-19. Given the presence of spatial autocorrelation in the GLM residuals, a spatial lag model was conducted that revealed that spatial effects, and both GINI index and mortality rate were strong predictors in the increase in COVID-19 relative risk in Brazil. Our research can be utilized to improve COVID-19 response and planning in all Brazilian states. The results from this study are particularly salient to public health, as they can guide targeted intervention measures, lowering the magnitude and spread of COVID-19. They can also improve resource allocation such as tests and vaccines (when available) by informing key public health officials about the highest risk areas of COVID-19.
A framework for incorporating 3D hyperelastic vascular wall models in 1D blood flow simulations
Authors: Coccarelli Alberto , Carson Jason M. , Aggarwal Ankush , Pant Sanjay 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe present a novel framework for investigating the role of vascular structure on arterial haemodynamics in large vessels, with a special focus on the human common carotid artery (CCA). The analysis is carried out by adopting a three-dimensional (3D) derived, fibre-reinforced, hyperelastic structural model, which is coupled with an axisymmetric, reduced order model describing blood flow. The vessel transmural pressure and lumen area are related via a Holzapfel–Ogden type of law, and the residual stresses along the thickness and length of the vessel are also accounted for. After a structural characterization of the adopted hyperelastic model, we investigate the link underlying the vascular wall response and blood-flow dynamics by comparing the proposed framework results against a popular tube law. The comparison shows that the behaviour of the model can be captured by the simpler linear surrogate only if a representative value of compliance is applied. Sobol’s multi-variable sensitivity analysis is then carried out in order to identify the extent to which the structural parameters have an impact on the CCA haemodynamics. In this case, the local pulse wave velocity (PWV) is used as index for representing the arterial transmission capacity of blood pressure waveforms. The sensitivity analysis suggests that some geometrical factors, such as the stress-free inner radius and opening angle, play a major role on the system’s haemodynamics. Subsequently, we quantified the differences in haemodynamic variables obtained from different virtual CCAs, tube laws and flow conditions. Although each artery presents a distinct vascular response, the differences obtained across different flow regimes are not significant. As expected, the linear tube law is unable to accurately capture all the haemodynamic features characterizing the current model. The findings from the sensitivity analysis are further confirmed by investigating the axial stretching effect on the CCA fluid dynamics. This factor does not seem to alter the pressure and flow waveforms. On the contrary, it is shown that, for an axially stretched vessel, the vascular wall exhibits an attenuation in absolute distension and an increase in circumferential stress, corroborating the findings of previous studies. This analysis shows that the new model offers a good balance between computational complexity and physics captured, making it an ideal framework for studies aiming to investigate the profound link between vascular mechanobiology and blood flow.
Increasing Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Conduct Problems in Children and Adolescents: What Can We Learn from Neuroimaging Studies?
Authors: Matthys Walter , Schutter Dennis J. L. G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is particularly relevant for children from 7 years on and adolescents with clinical levels of conduct problems. CBT provides these children and adolescents with anger regulation and social problem-solving skills that enable them to behave in more independent and situation appropriate ways. Typically, CBT is combined with another psychological treatment such as behavioral parent training in childhood or an intervention targeting multiple systems in adolescence. The effectiveness of CBT, however, is in the small to medium range. The aim of this review is to describe how the effectiveness of CBT may be improved by paying more attention to a series of psychological functions that have been shown to be impaired in neuroimaging studies: (1) anger recognition, (2) the ability to generate situation appropriate solutions to social problems, (3) reinforcement-based decision making, (4) response inhibition, and (5) affective empathy. It is suggested that children and adolescents first become familiar with these psychological functions during group CBT sessions. In individual sessions in which the parents (and/or child care workers in day treatment and residential treatment) and the child or adolescent participate, parents then learn to elicit, support, and reinforce their child’s use of these psychological functions in everyday life (in vivo practice). In these individual sessions, working on the psychological functions is tailored to the individual child’s characteristic impairments of these functions. CBT therapists may also share crucial social-learning topics with teachers with a view to creating learning opportunities for children and adolescents at school.
Bi-objective design-for-control of water distribution networks with global bounds
Authors: Ulusoy Aly-Joy , Pecci Filippo , Stoianov Ivan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis manuscript investigates the design-for-control (DfC) problem of minimizing pressure induced leakage and maximizing resilience in existing water distribution networks. The problem consists in simultaneously selecting locations for the installation of new valves and/or pipes, and optimizing valve control settings. This results in a challenging optimization problem belonging to the class of non-convex bi-objective mixed-integer non-linear programs (BOMINLP). In this manuscript, we propose and investigate a method to approximate the non-dominated set of the DfC problem with guarantees of global non-dominance. The BOMINLP is first scalarized using the method of $$\epsilon $$
ϵ
-constraints. Feasible solutions with global optimality bounds are then computed for the resulting sequence of single-objective mixed-integer non-linear programs, using a tailored spatial branch-and-bound (sBB) method. In particular, we propose an equivalent reformulation of the non-linear resilience objective function to enable the computation of global optimality bounds. We show that our approach returns a set of potentially non-dominated solutions along with guarantees of their non-dominance in the form of a superset of the true non-dominated set of the BOMINLP. Finally, we evaluate the method on two case study networks and show that the tailored sBB method outperforms state-of-the-art global optimization solvers.