bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crop archaeogenomics: A powerful resource in need of a well‐defined regulation framework
Authors: Iob Alice , Botigué Laura 
Published: October 2021

Societal Impact StatementCrop archaeogenomics has rapidly flourished in recent years, leading to a new way of understanding the past and bringing answers to important questions about human history in relation to plant management and food production. Furthermore, the knowledge derived from the analysis of ancient crops can contribute to the development of a more sustainable future. However, the extant legal framework presents a number of challenges when applied to this research field, particularly in the current scenario of disparities in scientific outcomes between countries. We expose the uncertainties of the legal framework and the factors that maintain or exacerbate these inequalities, as well as possible solutions.SummaryCrop archaeogenomics is a flourishing field that has greatly benefited from next‐generation sequencing technologies. Ancient and historical plant remains are currently considered genetic resources and as such are subject to legal frameworks like those implemented by the Nagoya Protocol. In addition to the challenges in complying with genetic resource regulations that crop archaeogenomics share with other basic plant research disciplines, there are additional difficulties specific to this interdisciplinary field that includes science and humanities, namely, the need to comply with two different legislations before accessing the samples (one for genetic resources and one for cultural heritage), along with a high risk of not obtaining DNA. As a result, most studies to date have been done on samples for which the laws regulating genetic resources did not apply, sometimes avoiding the need of reaching Access and Benefit Sharing agreements with the country that originally provided the samples. This phenomenon is likely to worsen in the future, as the archaeological record is a limited resource and competition between laboratories will only widen the gap between developed and developing economies. Because crop archaeogenomics is a new and promising scientific field, it is desirable to begin a dialogue with other basic biological research fields to facilitate the implementation of these agreements so that basic sciences can easily utilize these biological samples while ensuring the rights of all parties involved.
Converting an Almost Noncytotoxic Ru(II) Complex with Photolabile Ligands into a Highly Efficient PACT Agent
Authors: Qi Shuang , Jin Zhihui , Hou Yuanjun , Li Chao , Wang Xuesong , Zhou Qianxiong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRu(II) complexes with weak ligand fields may undergo light‐induced ligand dissociation, and the resulted Ru(II) aqua complexes may bind with biomolecules such as DNA, showing potential as photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) agents. However, Ru(II) complexes with efficient PACT activity are still rare. Some Ru(II) complexes exhibit efficient photoinduced ligand dissociation but poor cytotoxicity. It is speculated that the low nuclear accumulation levels may account for their low PACT efficacy. In order to confirm this hypothesis, the almost noncytotoxic [Ru(7‐OCH3‐dppz)(4‐OCH3‐py)4](PF6)2 (Ru1) is loaded on nucleus‐targeted C5N2 nanoparticles (NPs). Compared with the free Ru1, Ru1–C5N2 NPs exhibit significantly increased cellular uptake and nuclear accumulation. Therefore, Ru1–C5N2 NPs show efficient PACT activity toward various cancer cell lines (including cisplatin‐resistant one) with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 0.18 × 10−6–0.29 × 10−6 m and phototoxicity index (IC50dark/IC50light) values above 137 under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Moreover, Ru1–C5N2 NPs also exhibit efficient PACT activity toward cisplatin‐resistant 3D multicellular tumor spheroids upon two‐photon irradiation (800 nm). The same strategy is also feasible to greatly improve the PACT activity of [Ru(7‐OCH3‐dppz)(py)4]2+, which itself only has a medium effect. The results may provide new sights for developing efficient Ru(II) PACT agents.
Resveratrol shortens the chronological lifespan of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by a pro‐oxidant mechanism
Authors: Canedo‐Santos Juan Carlos , Carrillo‐Garmendia Andres , Mora‐Martinez Iridian , Gutierrez‐Garcia Ingrid Karina , Ramirez‐Romero Maria Guadalupe , Regalado‐Gonzalez Carlos , Nava Gerardo M. , Madrigal‐Perez Luis Alberto 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe antioxidant phenotype caused by resveratrol has been recognized as a key piece in the health benefits exerted by this phytochemical in diseases related to aging. It has recently been proposed that a mitochondrial pro‐oxidant mechanism could be the cause of resveratrol antioxidant properties. In this regard, the hypothesis that resveratrol impedes electron transport to complex III of the electron transport chain as its main target suggests that resveratrol could increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through reverse electron transport or by the semiquinones formation. This idea also explains that cells respond to resveratrol oxidative damage, inducing their antioxidant systems. Moreover, resveratrol pro‐oxidant properties could accelerate the aging process, according to the free radical theory of aging, which postulates that organism's age due to the accumulation of the harmful effects of ROS in cells. Nonetheless, there is no evidence linking the chronological lifespan (CLS) shorten occasioned by resveratrol with a pro‐oxidant mechanism. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate whether resveratrol shortens the CLS of Saccharomyces cerevisiae due to a pro‐oxidant activity. Herein, we provide evidence that supplementation with 100 μM of resveratrol at 5% glucose: (1) shortened the CLS of ctt1Δ and yap1Δ strains; (2) decreased ROS levels and increased the catalase activity in WT strain; (3) maintained unaffected the ROS levels and did not change the catalase activity in ctt1Δ strain; and (4) lessened the exponential growth of ctt1Δ strain, which was restored with the adding of reduced glutathione. These results indicate that resveratrol decreases CLS by a pro‐oxidant mechanism.
Role of Stochastic Approach Applied to Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) from Secondary Sources Case Studies
Authors: Sala Dariusz , Bieda Bogusław 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMonte Carlo (MC) simulation using Crystal Ball® (CB) software is applied to life cycle inventory (LCI) modelling under uncertainty. Input data for all cases comes from the ENVIREE (ENVIronmentally friendly and efficient methods for extraction of Rare Earth Elements), i.e. from secondary sources eco-innovative project within the second ERA-NET ERA-MIN Joint Call Sustainable Supply of Raw Materials in Europe 2014. Case studies described the flotation tailings from the New Kankberg (Sweden) old gold mine and Covas (Portugal) old tungsten mine sent to re-processing/beneficiation for rare earth element (REE) recovery. In this study, we conduct the MC analysis using the CB software, which is associated with Microsoft® Excel spreadsheet model, used in order to assess uncertainty concerning cerium (Ce), lanthanum (La), neodymium (Nd) and tungsten (W) taken from Covas flotation tailings, as well as Ce, La and Nd taken from New Kankberg flotation tailings, respectively. For the current study, lognormal distribution has been assigned to La, Ce, Nd and W. In the case of Covas, the weights of each selected Ce, La, Nd and W are 32 ppm, 16 ppm, 15 ppm and 1900 ppm, respectively, whereas in the case of New Kankberg, the weights of each selected Ce, La and Nd are 170 ppm, 90 ppm and 70 ppm, respectively. For the presented case, lognormal distribution has been assigned to Ce, La, Nd and W. The results obtained from the CB, after 10,000 runs, are presented in the form of frequency charts and summary statistics. Thanks to uncertainty analysis, a final result is obtained in the form of value range. The results of this study based on the real data, and obtained using MC simulation, are more reliable than those obtained from the deterministic approach, and they have the advantage that no normality is presumed.
Social Life Cycle Indicators Towards a Sustainability Label of a Natural Stone for Coverings
Authors: Palumbo Elisabetta , Traverso Marzia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe stone industry plays an important economic role in Italy as well as worldwide, and its products are part of the construction sector for hard coverings. The relevance of these products led the European Commission to develop specific criteria for natural stone within the Ecolabel scheme for hard coverings. In order to provide environmental information and to establish and maintain their comparability, the eco-labelling schemes recognized the life cycle assessment (LCA) as a scientific method to be employed when describing the environmental performance of the products. In its current form, the European Ecolabel scheme only considers environmental impacts and overlooks significant social impacts, especially for the category of stakeholders most affected during the extraction and manufacturing phases: workers. The main purpose of this study is to define a set of social criteria to be added to the revised version of the European Ecolabel with reference to issues concerning natural stone covering products. In particular, according to the updated guidelines for the social life cycle assessment by UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative (2019), we have identified that the “health and safety” impact category as it relates to workers during the extraction and manufacturing phases of the products must be considered a priority. The results provide a set of criteria for the S-LCA inventory which should be added to the Ecolabel guidelines when assessing the natural stone covering sector. Integration of the social sphere with the results obtained from the LCA study would provide reliable and more complete information on the sustainability of the natural stone product.This represents a first step towards the inclusion of similar criteria for other covering products.
Superconformal algebras for generalized Spin(7) and G2 connected sums
Authors: Fiset Marc-Antoine , Galdeano Mateo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWorldsheet string theory compactified on exceptional holomony manifolds is revisited following [1], where aspects of the chiral symmetry were described for the case where the compact space is a 7-dimensional G2-holonomy manifold constructed as a Twisted Connected Sum. We reinterpret this result and extend it to Extra Twisted Connected Sum G2-manifolds, and to 8-dimensional Generalized Connected Sum Spin(7)-manifolds. Automorphisms of the latter construction lead us to conjecture new mirror maps.
Sex estimation through geometric morphometric analysis of the frontal bone: an assessment in pre-pubertal and post-pubertal modern Spanish population
Authors: Garcovich Daniele , Albert Gasco Laura , Alvarado Lorenzo Alfonso , Aiuto Riccardo , Adobes Martin Milagros 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSex estimates is a key step of biological profile assessment in a forensic or anthropologic context. In this study, the sexual dimorphism of the frontal bone was analyzed to assess the accuracy of sex estimates using a geometric morphometric approach in a pre-pubertal and post-pubertal sample. The shape of the frontal bone was digitized on the lateral cephalograms of 87 pre-pubertal subjects (42 males, mean age 10.14, SD ± 1.48 years; 45 females mean age 10.02, SD ± 1.11 years) and 103 post-pubertal ones (53 males, mean age 29.33 SD ± 11.88 years; 50 females, mean age 26.77 SD ± 11.07 years). A generalized Procrustes analysis (GPA) was performed for shape analyses, filtering the effects of position, rotation, translation, and size. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the GPA transformed variables, and a multiple logistic regression model was used to assess the accuracy of sex estimates. In both age groups, the average size of the centroid was significantly larger in males. The females presented shapes with a shorter distance between P2 (glabella) and P1 (supratoral) and a general narrowing of the structure on the sagittal plane. In the pre-pubertal group, the shape difference was not statistically significant. In the post-pubertal group, the mean shape was significantly different between the sexes. The method displayed a high accuracy for sex estimates (88.7% males, 90.3% females) also when applied in a validation sample (82.6% males and 94.1% females). The described morphometric analysis of the frontal bone is based on a limited number of landmarks, which allows sex estimates with high accuracy in post-pubertal subjects, while it is not applicable in pre-pubertal ones.
Plant Functional Types Differ in Their Long-term Nutrient Response to eCO2 in an Extensive Grassland
Authors: Seibert Ruben , Andresen Louise C. , Jarosch Klaus A. , Moser Gerald , Kammann Claudia I. , Yuan Naiming , Luterbacher Jürg , Laughlin Ronnie J. , Watson Catherine J. , Erbs Martin , Müller Christoph 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIncreasing atmospheric CO2enhances plant biomass production and may thereby change nutrient concentrations in plant tissues. The objective of this study was to identify the effect of elevated atmospheric CO2concentrations on nutrient concentrations of grassland biomass that have been grown for 16 years (1998–2013). The grassland biomass grown at the extensively managed Giessen FACE experiment, fumigated with ambient and elevated CO2(aCO2; eCO2; +20%) was harvested twice annually. Concentrations of C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn were determined separately for grasses, forbs and legumes. Under eCO2, the concentration of N was reduced in grasses, Ca was reduced in grasses and forbs, P was reduced in grasses but increased in legumes, Mg concentration was reduced in grasses, forbs and legumes and K was reduced in grasses but increased in forbs. The nutrient yield (in g nutrient yield of an element per m−2) of most elements indicated negative yield responses at a zero biomass response to eCO2for grasses. K and Zn nutrient yields responded positively to eCO2in forbs and Mn and Fe responded positively in forbs and legumes. The results suggest that under eCO2the nutrient concentrations were not diluted by the CO2fertilization effect. Rather, altered plant nutrient acquisitions via changed physiological mechanisms prevail for increased C assimilation under eCO2. Furthermore, other factors such as water or nutrient availability affected plant nutrient concentrations under eCO2.
Characterisation of aquaponic producers and small-scale facilities in Spain and Latin America
Authors: Suárez-Cáceres Gina Patricia , Fernández-Cabanás Víctor M. , Lobillo-Eguíbar José , Pérez-Urrestarazu Luis 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAquaponics is a sustainable food production system combining hydroponics and aquaculture. Although the domestic/small-scale aquaponic production has proliferated worldwide, there is scarce knowledge about how it is performed. The objective of this study was to determine the profile and motivations of aquaponic producers, the characteristics of the facilities and the performance of the production. The average aquaponic producer is a middle-aged man, with a certain level of studies and a moderate household income. The main motivations reported were the production of high-quality, healthy food, the concern for the environment and the autonomy gained. These motivations conditioned the purposes of the aquaponic facilities (mainly education, production of food for self-consumption and as a hobby), which, excepting small sales, did not have an economic motive. Due to their characteristics, aquaponic facilities are particularly adapted for urban agriculture (many of them were located on rooftops) and most of those studied were constructed recently. The nutrient film technique was the most used hydroponic subsystem, followed by media beds, where mostly a polyculture of leaf and fruit vegetables and aromatics are produced. Tilapia was the most common fish species used. In general, there is a lack of proper knowledge and expertise about these complex systems in order to efficiently operate them.
Supplementation with Sucrosomial® iron leads to favourable changes in the intestinal microbiome when compared to ferrous sulfate in mice
Authors: Zakrzewski Martha , Wilkins Sarah J. , Helman Sheridan L. , Brilli Elisa , Tarantino Germano , Anderson Gregory J. , Frazer David M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies worldwide and is often treated with oral iron supplements. However, commonly used supplements, including those based on ferrous iron salts, are associated with gastrointestinal side effects and unfavorable changes in the intestinal microbiome. Sucrosomial® iron is a novel iron formulation that is effective at treating iron deficiency, and with fewer gastrointestinal side effects, yet its effect on the gut microbiome has not been examined previously. Thus, we treated mice for two weeks with diets containing either Sucrosomial® iron or ferrous sulfate as the sole iron source and examined bacterial communities in the intestine using 16S Microbial Profiling of DNA extracted from feces collected both prior to and following dietary treatment. Mice treated with Sucrosomial® iron showed an increase in Shannon diversity over the course of the study. This was associated with a decrease in the abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria, which contains many pathogenic species, and an increase in short chain fatty acid producing bacteria such asLachnospiraceae,OscillibacterandFaecalibaculum. None of these changes were observed in mice treated with ferrous sulfate. These results suggest that Sucrosomial® iron may have a beneficial effect on the intestinal microbiome when compared to ferrous sulfate and that this form of iron is a promising alternative to ferrous iron salts for the treatment of iron deficiency.
How Do Local Folks Value Wild Meat, and Why It Matters? A Study in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: van Vliet Nathalie , Nyumu Jonas Kambale , Nziavake Sagasse , Muhindo Jonas , Paemelaere Evi A.D. , Nasi Robert 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe elucidate the value orientations (VOs) towards wild meat/wildlife in the Tshopo Province of the Democratic Republic of Congo, distinguishing between the provincial capital and rural areas. Based on stories prompted by four primary emotions, the most frequently encountered VOs were: concern for safety, nutrition and taste, and caring/respect. Rural people were more likely to express anthropocentric VOs. However, their stories did not necessarily associate negatively with caring/respect, suggesting that wildlife users may also be sensitive to biocentric values. Age, gender, and wealth were good predictors for biocentric VOs, with young women from the city more likely to express biocentric values. VOs and emotions related differently to specific wildlife species. Mutualism was not frequently elucidated in the stories. The associations we found provide crucial information to understand differences in value orientations across groups, identify barriers to change, and tailor behavior change campaigns to the local context.
Knowledge Integration and Good Marine Governance: A Multidisciplinary Analysis and Critical Synopsis
Authors: Poto Margherita Paola , Kuhn Annegret , Tsiouvalas Apostolos , Hodgson Kara K. , Treffenfeldt Montoya Valentina , M.Beitl Christine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOur research addresses knowledge integration for the good governance of the environment and the oceans: (a) through a comprehensive legal, political science, and anthropological analysis; and (b) by providing an examination of crucial research foci and research gaps in the fields of environmental and marine governance, along the North–South divide. Our subsequent critical synopsis reveals how existing research within each discipline offers complementary insights for future research. We concludes with a call for further testing of tools, approaches, and methods to enable comprehensive research on the conceptualization of knowledge integration.
Identity and Aboutness
Authors: Brast-McKie Benjamin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper develops a theory of propositional identity which distinguishes necessarily equivalent propositions that differ in subject-matter. Rather than forming a Boolean lattice as in extensional and intensional semantic theories, the space of propositions forms a non-interlaced bilattice. After motivating a departure from tradition by way of a number of plausible principles for subject-matter, I will provide a Finean state semantics for a novel theory of propositions, presenting arguments against the convexity and nonvacuity constraints which Fine (Journal of Philosophical Logic, 4545, 199–226 13, 14, 15) introduces. I will then move to compare the resulting logic of propositional identity (PI1) with Correia’s (The Review of Symbolic Logic, 9, 103–122 9) logic of generalised identity (GI), as well as the first degree fragment of Angell’s (2) logic of analytic containment (AC). The paper concludes by extending PI1 to include axioms and rules for a subject-matter operator, providing a much broader theory of subject-matter than the principles with which I will begin.
A note on “Double-diffusive Soret convection phenomenon in porous media: effect of Vadasz inertia term”
Authors: Capone F. , De Luca R. , Vitiello M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this short paper, some analytical results found in “Double-diffusive Soret convection phenomenon in porous media: effect of Vadasz inertia term” by F. Capone, R. De Luca, M. Vitiello, Ricerche Mat. 68, 581–595 (2019), are recalled in order to better explore the dynamic of thermosolutal convection in a horizontal porous layer with the influence of Vadasz and Soret terms.
Use of Alloying to Effect an Equiaxed Microstructure in Additive Manufacturing and Subsequent Heat Treatment of High-Strength Titanium Alloys
Authors: Welk Brian A. , Taylor Nevin , Kloenne Zachary , Chaput Kevin J. , Fox Stephen , Fraser Hamish L. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper addresses the use of alloying additions to titanium alloys for additive manufacturing (AM) with the specific objective of producing equiaxed microstructures. The additions are among those that increase freezing ranges such that significant solutal undercooling results when combined with the rapid cooling rates associated with AM, and so be effective in inducing a columnar-to-equiaxed transition (CET). Firstly, computational thermodynamics has been used to provide a simple graphical means of predicting these additions; this method has been used to explore additions of Ni and Fe to the alloy Ti–6Al–4V (Ti64). Secondly, an experimental means of determining the minimum concentration of these alloying elements required to effect the CET has been developed involving gradient builds. Thirdly, it has been found that additions of Fe to Ti64 cause the alloy to change from an α/β Ti alloy to being a metastable β-Ti alloy, whereas additions of Ni do not produce the same result. This change in type of Ti alloy results in a marked difference in the development of microstructures of these compositionally modified alloys using heat treatments. Finally, hardness measurements have been used to provide a preliminary assessment of the mechanical response of these modified alloys.