bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic parameter estimates for feet and leg traits in Red Angus cattle
Authors: Giess Lane K , Jensen Brady R , Bormann Jennifer M , Rolf Megan M , Weaber Robert L 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for feet and leg traits, relationships within feet and leg traits, and relationships between feet and leg traits and production traits in Red Angus cattle. Subjective scores for 14 traits including body condition score (BCS), front hoof angle (FHA), front heel depth (FHD), front claw shape (FCS), rear hoof angle (RHA), rear heel depth (RHD), rear claw shape (RCS), size of hoof (SIZE), front side view (FSV), knee orientation (KNEE), front hoof orientation (FHO), rear side view (RSV), rear view (RV), and a composite score (COMP) were collected by trained evaluators on 1,720 Red Angus cattle. All traits except COMP were scored as intermediate optimum traits. Performance data, and EPD were obtained on all animals measured and a three-generation pedigree was obtained from the Red Angus Association of America (RAAA) that contained 13,306 animals. Data were modeled using a linear bivariate animal model with random additive genetic and residual effects, and fixed effects of age and contemporary group (herd-year) implemented in ASREML 4.0. Heritability estimates of BCS, FHA, FHD, FCS, RHA, RHD, RCS, SIZE, FSV, KNEE, FHO, RSV, RV, and COMP were 0.11, 0.20, 0.17, 0.09, 0.19, 0.25, 0.17, 0.36, 0.16, 0.17, 0.17, 0.30, 0.14, and 0.12, respectively. These results demonstrate feet and leg traits are lowly to moderately heritable. Strong, positive genetic correlations were observed between FHA and FHD (0.89), FHA and RHA (0.88), FHD and RHA (0.85), FHA and RHD (0.85), FHD and RHD (0.94), and FHO and KNEE (0.95), indicating these traits were highly related to each other. Strong and negative genetic correlations were observed between KNEE and FSV (−0.59) and FHO and FSV (−0.75). The strongest Pearson correlation between front limb traits (FHA, FHD, FSV, FHO, KNEE, and COMP) and Stayability EPD (STAY) was FSV (r = 0.16) and for rear limb traits (RHA, RHD, RCS, RSV, RV, and COMP) and STAY was RCS (r = −0.12). This suggests cattle with more slope to the angle of the shoulder and cattle with less evidence of hoof curl may stay in the herd longer. Further investigation into the economic viability of feet and leg trait genetic prediction with a larger population of animals is required to help validate these findings.
Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on hip preservation surgery—a prospective surveillance from the UK Non-Arthroplasty Hip Registry
Authors: Bhargava Kartik , Bhandari Farzaan , Board Tim , Andrade Tony , McBryde Callum , Conroy Jon , Bankes Marcus , Khanduja Vikas , Malviya Ajay 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
A multi-centre, registry-based cohort study was conducted to assess the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the provision of non-arthroplasty hip surgery (NAHS) in the UK by (i) comparing the number of NAHS performed during the pandemic to pre-pandemic levels, (ii) prospectively auditing compliance to established guidance and (iii) evaluating post-operative outcomes and their predictors. Patients who underwent NAHS during the pandemic/pre-pandemic were selected from the Non-Arthroplasty Hip Registry, which collects demographic, procedural and pre-operative outcome data. Patients during the pandemic period were emailed separate COVID-19 surveillance questionnaires, which evaluated adherence to guidelines and post-operative outcomes. Fisher’s exact tests and logistic regression were used to identify predictors for developing COVID-19 and being re-admitted into hospital, post-surgery. There was a 64% reduction of NAHS performed during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period. Ninety-nine percent of participants self-isolated, and 96.8% received screening, pre-operatively. No participant was COVID-19-positive peri-operatively. Post-operatively, participants had an intensive care unit admission rate of 2%, median hospital stay of 1 day, hospital readmission rate of 4.2%, COVID-19 development rate of 2.3% and a thromboembolic complication rate of 0.32%. No COVID-19-positive patient developed adverse post-operative outcomes. Participants who developed COVID-19 post-operatively had greater odds of having undergone osteotomy in comparison to arthroscopic surgery (P = 0.036, odds ratio = 5.36). NAHS was performed with good compliance to established guidance, and adverse operative outcomes remained low. If guidance is followed, the risk of COVID-19 post-op development is low. Although bigger operations have a slightly higher risk, this does not impact their prognosis.
Use of Cervid Serosurveys to Monitor Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Activity in Northern New England, United States, 2009–2017
Authors: Mutebi John-Paul , Mathewson Abigail A , Elias Susan P , Robinson Sara , Graham Alan C , Casey Patti , Lubelczyk Charles B 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVertebrate surveillance for eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) activity usually focuses on three types of vertebrates: horses, passerine birds, and sentinel chicken flocks. However, there is a variety of wild vertebrates that are exposed to EEEV infections and can be used to track EEEV activity. In 2009, we initiated a pilot study in northern New England, United States, to evaluate the effectiveness of using wild cervids (free-ranging white-tailed deer and moose) as spatial sentinels for EEEV activity. In Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont during 2009–2017, we collected blood samples from hunter-harvested cervids at tagging stations and obtained harvest location information from hunters. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention processed the samples for EEEV antibodies using plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs). We detected EEEV antibodies in 6 to 17% of cervid samples in the different states and mapped cervid EEEV seropositivity in northern New England. EEEV antibody-positive cervids were the first detections of EEEV activity in the state of Vermont, in northern Maine, and northern New Hampshire. Our key result was the detection of the antibodies in areas far outside the extent of documented wild bird, mosquito, human case, or veterinary case reports of EEEV activity in Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont. These findings showed that cervid (deer and moose) serosurveys can be used to characterize the geographic extent of EEEV activity, especially in areas with low EEEV activity or with little or no EEEV surveillance. Cervid EEEV serosurveys can be a useful tool for mapping EEEV activity in areas of North America in addition to northern New England.
Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis in Michigan: Historical Review of Equine, Human, and Wildlife Involvement, Epidemiology, Vector Associations, and Factors Contributing to Endemicity
Authors: Stobierski Mary Grace , Signs Kimberly , Dinh Emily , Cooley Thomas M , Melotti Julie , Schalow Michele , Patterson Jon S , Bolin Steven R , Walker Edward D 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) is a mosquito-borne viral disease that is an emerging public health concern in the state of Michigan. Although Michigan has one of the highest incidence rates of EEE in the United States, much of the information known about cases in humans, equines, and other animals residing in Michigan is unpublished. This article summarizes such information and explores spatial trends in the historic distribution of EEE in Michigan. Outbreaks in Michigan have occurred over an 80-yr interval, involving only horses in 1942–1943 and 1973–1976, and then episodically from 1980 to 2020, and involving horses, humans, and wild and domestic animals. An estimated 1,036 equine cases (confirmed and suspected) and 36 confirmed human cases have occurred, including 10 in 2019 (6 deaths) and 4 in 2020 (2 deaths). Human cases ranged in age from 1 to 81 yr; 70% were male, and fatality rate of 34.3%. Equine and human cases occurred from July to October, peaked in August, and cluster in space in southwestern and southeastern lower Michigan. Cases occurred in glacial outwash and ice-contact landscapes in glacial interlobate zones. EEE virus (EEEV) was recovered from Culiseta melanura, Coquillettidia perturbans, five species of Aedes, and other mosquito species near horse and human case sites. Virus isolations or presence of neutralizing antibodies in several passerine species of birds suggest broad EEEV–bird associations. White-tailed deer and other wildlife were also affected. Geographic spread to northern areas of the state suggests expansion of this disease system into new and unsuspected foci.
Addressing the transition to a chronic condition: exploring independent adoption of self-management by patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis
Authors: Litchfield Ian , Greenfield Sheila , Harper Lorraine ,   the FAB(V) Trial team
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveImprovements in care have led to the recognition of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) as a chronic condition; however, the self-management strategies considered a crucial component of the care model for patients with more prevalent chronic conditions are yet to be integrated formally into the treatment of AAV patients. The aim of the work we present here is to identify those self-management processes and tasks already being adopted by patients with AAV to help inform existing care and the development of a structured self-management programme.MethodsWe conducted a series of focus groups and semi-structured interviews with AAV patients, collating the data and performing a post hoc deductive analysis based on a consolidated framework of self-management processes.ResultsDespite the unique attributes and demands of AAV, patients adopted self-management behaviours previously identified and supported in patients with more prevalent chronic diseases. They accessed information on their disease proactively and learnt to mitigate their symptoms and side-effects. They pursued a range of health-promotion activities and accessed support from their social network and beyond and, ultimately, learnt to integrate the condition into their everyday life.ConclusionOur work has highlighted some key areas of self-management that might be addressed usefully and immediately, including the provision of more consistent information relating to evolving symptoms and side-effects, additional support in accessing both appropriate care and community-based resources, and the use of interventions to bolster resilience. Our findings will inform the development of a tailored self-management programme, but in the meantime provide a more contemporary context for current clinician–patient conversations.
Influence of Flagellin Polymorphisms, Gene Regulation, and Responsive Memory on the Motility of Xanthomonas Species That Cause Bacterial Spot Disease of Solanaceous Plants
Authors: Malvino Maria L. , Bott Amie J. , Green Cory E. , Majumdar Tanvi , Hind Sarah R. 
Published: November 2021

Increasingly, new evidence has demonstrated variability in the epitope regions of bacterial flagellin, including in regions harboring the microbe-associated molecular patterns flg22 and flgII-28 that are recognized by the pattern recognition receptors FLS2 and FLS3, respectively. Additionally, because bacterial motility is known to contribute to pathogen virulence and chemotaxis, reductions in or loss of motility can significantly reduce bacterial fitness. In this study, we determined that variations in flg22 and flgII-28 epitopes allow some but not all Xanthomonas spp. to evade both FLS2- and FLS3-mediated oxidative burst responses. We observed variation in the motility for many isolates, regardless of their flagellin sequence. Instead, we determined that past growth conditions may have a significant impact on the motility status of isolates, because we could minimize this variability by inducing motility using chemoattractant assays. Additionally, motility could be significantly suppressed under nutrient-limited conditions, and bacteria could “remember” its prior motility status after storage at ultracold temperatures. Finally, we observed larger bacterial populations of strains with flagellin variants predicted not to be recognized by either FLS2 or FLS3, suggesting that these bacteria can evade flagellin recognition in tomato plants. Although some flagellin variants may impart altered motility and differential recognition by the host immune system, external growth parameters and gene expression regulation appear to have more significant impacts on the motility phenotypes for these Xanthomonas spp. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
A Fluid-Management Drape for Hysteroscopy
Authors: Marshburn Paul B. , Anderson-Montoya Brittany L. , Baek Sally , Zhao Jing , Franco Cecilia H. , Deneault Lindsay M. , Hansen-Lindner Leslie , Matthews Michelle L. , Usadi Rebecca S. , Coddington Charles C. , Woolworth Melissa B. , Hurst Bradley S. 
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND:
Hysteroscopy requires accurate collection of unabsorbed distension media to measure patient fluid absorption. We assessed the effectiveness and usability of a novel total capture drape compared with a standard drape during hysteroscopy.

METHOD:
Simulation trials were followed by an early-phase study to compare fluid-capture efficiency and measures of drape usability during hysteroscopy randomizing the total capture drape compared with a standard drape.

EXPERIENCE:
Simulation trials indicated complete collection of unabsorbed fluid with the total capture drape and progressive loss of unabsorbed fluid with the standard drape. An early-phase study with 68 women found no statistical difference between groups for the hysteroscopic fluid deficit, but saw fewer cases with lost fluid in the total capture drape compared with the standard drape. Direct observation and focus group data indicated a trend for better capture of unabsorbed fluid with the total capture drape, along with increased usability once surgeons became familiar with correct placement.

CONCLUSION:
Simulation and early-phase study results are favorable for the total capture drape, demonstrating comparable fluid collection with the standard drape. With repeated use and in-service training, surgeons expressed greater confidence in the accuracy of the hysteroscopic fluid deficit with the total capture drape compared with the standard drape. Design modifications should improve overall usability and fluid-capture efficiency.
Minimally Invasive Compared With Open Hysterectomy in High-Risk Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Segarra-Vidal Blanca , Dinoi Giorgia , Zorrilla-Vaca Andres , Mariani Andrea , Student Vladimir , Garcia Nuria Agustí , Llueca Abella Antonio , Ramirez Pedro T. 
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE:
To compare disease-free survival between minimally invasive surgery and open surgery in patients with high-risk endometrial cancer.

METHODS:
We conducted a multicentric, propensity-matched study of patients with high-risk endometrial cancer who underwent hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and staging between January 1999 and June 2016 at two centers. High-risk endometrial cancer included grade 3 endometrioid, serous, clear cell, undifferentiated carcinoma or carcinosarcoma with any myometrial invasion. Patients were categorized a priori into two groups based on surgical approach, propensity scores were calculated based on potential confounders and groups were matched 1:1 using nearest neighbor technique. Cox hazard regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier curves evaluated the association of surgical technique with survival.

RESULTS:
Of 626 eligible patients, 263 (42%) underwent minimally invasive surgery and 363 (58%) underwent open surgery. In the matched cohort, there were no differences in disease-free survival rates at 5 years between open (53.4% [95% CI 45.6–60.5%]) and minimally invasive surgery (54.6% [95% CI 46.6–61.8]; P=.82). Minimally invasive surgery was not associated with worse disease-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] 0.85, 95% CI 0.63–1.16; P=.30), overall survival (HR 1.04, 95% CI 0.73–1.48, P=.81), or recurrence rate (HR 0.99; 95% CI 0.69–1.44; P=.99) compared with open surgery. Use of uterine manipulator was not associated with worse disease-free survival (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.65–1.58, P=.96), overall survival (HR 1.18, 95% CI 0.71–1.96, P=.53), or recurrence rate (HR 1.12, 95% CI 0.67–1.87; P=.66).

CONCLUSION:
There was no difference in oncologic outcomes comparing minimally invasive and open surgery among patients with high-risk endometrial cancer.
Necrobiosis Lipoidica following Breast Reduction
Authors: Absil Gilles , Collins Patrick , El Hayderi Lara , Nikkels Arjen F. 
Published: November 2021

Summary:
Necrobiosis lipoidica (NL) is a rare granulomatous skin disorder of unknown physiopathology that is frequently associated with diabetes mellitus. The typical skin lesions of NL present as chronic, bilateral, well-defined red to yellow-brown plaques with telangectasias, a violaceous border and a waxy atrophic center. The lower legs are the most often involved areas, but NL may exceptionally develop on scar tissue following surgery. The treatment is very challenging and notoriously difficult. We report a 60-year-old diabetic woman who developed NL all along the surgical scars following breast reduction, without presenting NL on the lower legs. NL should be considered among the rare but possible skin healing complications of surgery.
Failure of Miniplate Fixation in a Fracture of the Mandibular Coronoid Process
Authors: Hwang Kun , Hwan Ma Sung 
Published: November 2021

Summary:
Mandibular coronoid fractures are mainly the result of motor vehicle accidents, followed by assaults and falls. We report a case of failure of miniplate fixation in a coronoid fracture. A 57-year-old man fell onto his face from a 3-m height. Panoramic radiography and computed tomography confirmed a right tripod fracture, a LeFort I fracture, and a right coronoid process fracture. On day 6 posttrauma, open reduction and miniplate fixation were performed. Instead of performing intermaxillary fixation, we recommended consumption of a soft diet for at least 1 month. On postoperative day 30, while opening his mouth to eat, the patient felt a strange sensation in his right cheek and heard a clicking sound. He then began to feel pain and had difficulty chewing. On postoperative day 40, follow-up panoramic radiography revealed breakdown of the previously fixed miniplate. Pain and difficulty chewing continued, and coronoidectomy and plate removal were performed at 18 months postoperatively. It is thought that a miniplate large enough to withstand the pull of the temporalis muscle should not be applied to a fractured coronoid process due to the shallow anterior border of the coronoid process. Although the patient’s quality of life, feeding and oral hygiene care are a big burden of care in postoperative intermaxillary fixation, rigid internal fixation and intermaxillary fixation for at least 1 month are recommended in patients with significant displacement of a fractured coronoid process or limited mouth opening.
Evaluation of Predictive Values of an Automatic Device Measuring Oximetry in Free Flaps
Authors: Rendón-Medina Marco Aurelio , Galeana-Pavón Alberto , Vázquez-Medina Martín Uriel , Hernández-Ordoñez Rubén , Ocharan-Hernández María Esther , Hanson-Viana Erik , Sashida-Mendez Hirosi , Mendoza-Vélez María de los Ángeles , Pacheco-López Ricardo César 
Published: November 2021

Summary:
Free-flap monitoring is challenging to perform in some centers. It requires the availability of trained health care personnel for 24 hours a day and seven days a week. Many methods had been proposed for flap monitoring, and none of them are superior to clinical evaluation. This study aimed to present a murine model to evaluate the accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, and the positive or negative predictive values) of a device. Wistar rats weighing 240–490 g were included for intervention and data collection. A murine model of left inferior epigastric vessel flaps was implemented. Intermittent pedicle clamping was performed to calculate the accuracy of the device that detects flow obstruction. The general variables studied were age, weight, and gender. The sensitivity, specificity, and negative or predictive values were calculated. The results showed a sensitivity of 97%, a specificity of 95% with a positive predictive value of 95%, and negative predictive value of 97%. The sensitivity and specificity showed excellent results within the range of clinical security. We require more data to analyze the multiparameter monitoring to see if it is feasible and cost-effective.
Total Maxillectomy and Free Flap Reconstruction in Hemodialysis Patients: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Fujisawa Kou , Miyamoto Shimpei , Saito Yuki , Fukuoka Osamu , Okazaki Mutsumi 
Published: November 2021

Summary:
Currently, an increasing number of patients are undergoing hemodialysis. However, little is known regarding the outcome or perioperative management of head and neck cancer reconstruction in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Here, we report two cases of patients with maxillary squamous cell carcinoma undergoing hemodialysis. The patients underwent total maxillectomy and free abdominal flap transfer. A short-thread double-needle was used in one patient because arterial calcification and intimal dissection were observed during microvascular anastomosis. Maintenance hemodialysis was performed the day before and after the surgery. Nafamostat mesylate, an ultra-short acting anticoagulant, was used in the postoperative hemodialysis for 2–3 weeks to prevent bleeding. The flaps survived completely, and no major postoperative complications occurred in either case. One patient showed no evidence of disease at 1 year following the surgery, whereas the other patient died of cancer metastasis 6 months following the surgery. Although further standardization of perioperative hemodialysis management is needed, free flap reconstruction could be considered a safe and effective therapeutic strategy for patients with head and neck cancer undergoing hemodialysis.
Dermatological Changes in Patient With Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Armstrong Brittney , Chance Kasey , Simpler Brandy , Wyckoff Elizabeth 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
This is a case study of a 69-year-old man who presented with fever of unknown origin, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, confusion, and expressive aphasia with multiple dermatological abnormalities, including Osler nodes, Janeway lesions, petechia on conjunctiva of eyes, and splinter hemorrhages underneath the nails. After further assessment, the patient was diagnosed with infective endocarditis.
COVID-19 Associated With Encephalitis
Authors: Meshref Mostafa , Hewila Ibrahim M. , Abdel Mageed Sarah , Morra Mostafa E. 
Published: November 2021

Introduction:
Neurological problems may be part of severe and early course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 associated encephalitis as an evident etiology of altered consciousness has been rarely reported in the literature.

Case Report:
A case of 66-year-old female presented with classic COVID-19 symptoms and associated diabetic ketoacidosis. Although diabetic ketoacidosis was managed, the patient had persistent impaired level of consciousness with recurrent attacks of left focal fits because of COVID-19-associated encephalitis. However, the patient has markedly improved after recovering from COVID-19.

Conclusion:
Neurologists should be involved in the evaluation and management of COVID-19 patients who present with associated neurological problems.