bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Easing Restrictions During Vaccine Scarcity. How Mitigation Measures Help Tackling Associated Moral and Behavioral Challenges
Authors: Tretter Max , Ehrlich David B. , von Ulmenstein Ulrich 
Published: October 2021

Background:When vaccines became first available during the Covid-19 pandemic, their demand significantly exceeded their supply. In consequence, the access to vaccines, initially, was distributed unequally. At the same time, governments started easing pandemic restrictions for vaccinated and recovered persons and restoring their freedoms since their risk of transmitting the virus is significantly reduced.Evidence:We show that restoring freedoms for vaccinated and recovered persons – while upholding restrictions for the rest of the population – is morally unfair during vaccine scarcity. Further, it may yield unintended side-effects, including perverse incentives, growing rifts in society, and the expansion of marginalization.Policy Options &amp; Recommendations:We recommend accompanying easing for vaccinated and recovered individuals by mitigation measures for those who are neither vaccinated nor recovered. We propose, first, to temporarily lift the same restrictions for negative-tested individuals, as for vaccinated or recovered people. Second, the state must ensure broad and easy access to testing for everyone – free of charge.Conclusion:If done right, these mitigation measures create (at least temporarily) equal access to freedom for everybody – solving the moral problem of unfair access to freedoms and counteracting possible negative consequences.
The Concept of Competition in Optimal Resource Allocation and Methods for Its Assessment
Authors: Barkalaya O. G. 
Published: October 2021

Aim. The presented study aims to define the concept of competition in optimal resource allocation and to determine indicators of competition in practical tasks directly in the mathematical formulation of the problem.Tasks. The authors determine mathematical indicators that characterize the level of competition in resource allocation optimization tasks and show examples of the adequacy and sensitivity of the selected competition indicators in various economic situations.Methods. The selected competition indicators for these tasks are based on the concept of “rigorous selection” of competitors applying for resources. The indicators are calculated in full accordance with the known optimization methods and optimality conditions for problems of this class, making it possible to interpret the results of optimization as a measure of competition for resources.Results. Two types of competition indicators for linear and non-linear cases of optimal resource allocation problems are defined and formalized. Examples of the dependence of efficiency on different compositions of the competitive environment are shown. Dependencies of the “rigorous selection” of competitors in the context of resource depletion are described.Conclusions. The competition indicators considered in the study can be included in the standard analysis for solving the problems of optimal resource allocation, which involves finding an extremum, searching for an optimal plan, analyzing stability, limits, the effect of restrictions on the target function, dual estimates, a measure of resource scarcity, etc. Adding the competition indicator to this analysis provides another factor for analysis, which can be significant under otherwise equal conditions. The competition indicator can be used both in a multi-step procedure for finding the extremum of a function (for example, as an additional criterion for choosing a free variable) and in the analysis of the results of problem-solving.
SIMULTANEOUS ADSORPTION OF TETRACYCLINE AND AMOXICILLIN BY CLADOPHORA AND SPIRULINA ALGAE BIOMASS
Authors: Abd I. N. , Mohammed-Ridha M. J. 
Published: October 2021

Adsorption studies were performed at different initial Tetracycline (TC) and Amoxicillin (AMO) concentration, different biomass dosage and type, contact time, agitation speed, and initial pH. In the batch mode were investigated. The optimum pH of solutions is 6.5 for TC and 5 for AMO, agitation speed 200 rpm and concentration 50 ppm. The results in FTIR showed that there were -OH and amides (N-H) and other functional groups on the surface of Cladophora and Spirulina algae. The equilibrium isotherm data were modeled with Freundlich, Temkin, and Langmuir isotherm models. The data best fitted with the Langmuir model. The maximal adsorption capacity from the Langmuir model was (9.86, 20. 5 mg/g) for TC and (7.89, 17.4 mg/g) for AMO on Cladophora and Spirulina algae, respectively. Finally, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model was best fitted the experimental kinetic data of TC and AMO onto Cladophora and Spirulina algae biomass with a high coefficient of determination between 0.97 and 0.99. Cladophora and Spirulina algae, low-cost and eco-friendly adsorbents, can be used to adsorb the TC and AMO from the solution.
Формування соснового насадження після двопри¬йомної рівномірно-поступової рубки у лісах Київського Полісся
Authors: Жуковський О. В. , Краснов В. П. , Мельник В. В. 
Published: October 2021

Дослідження здійснено на дослідному об'єкті, який закладено у 2006 р. у 84-річному сосняку ДП "Тетерівський лісгосп" площею 3,1 га. Після першого прийому рівномірно-поступової рубки повнота деревостану становила 0,3-0,4. За виконаним обліком кількість сходів становила 192000 шт.·га-1, з яких 90 % сосни звичайної. У 2011 р. цю ділянку розділено на 4 варіанти (однакові за площею) та проведено другий прийом рівномірно-поступової рубки: на варіантi № 1 вирубували 100 % дерев; на варіанті № 2 – 50 % дерев (повнота – 0,2-0,3); на варіанті № 3 – 75 % дерев (повнота – 0,1); на варіанті № 4 – залишалися усі дерева (повнота – 0,3-0,4). Встановлено, що молоді насадження складаються із сосни звичайної (57-76 %), берези повислої (7-10 %), дуба звичайного (10-16 %) і осики (3-32 %). Виявлено, що найбільша частка життєздатного підросту характерна на варіантах без збереження та із збереженням 25 % дерев (71-72 %). Встановлено, що величина проективного покриття трав'яно-чагарничкового ярусу на варіантах досліду змінюється у діапазоні 60-90 %, а видовий склад є достатньо близький. Успішність природного поновлення сосни звичайної на варіантах досліду є задовільною. Кількість підросту становить 3307-5640 шт.·га-1, він рівномірно розміщений по площі (трапляння – 75-100 %) і має вік 12 років. Проведення двоприйомної рівномірно-поступової рубки у насадженнях сосни звичайної у свіжих суборах дає змогу сформувати одновікові деревостани природного походження.
The Instrument of the Imaging X-Ray Polarimetry Explorer
Authors: Soffitta Paolo , Baldini Luca , Bellazzini Ronaldo , Costa Enrico , Latronico Luca , Muleri Fabio , Del Monte Ettore , Fabiani Sergio , Minuti Massimo , Pinchera Michele , Sgro’ Carmelo , Spandre Gloria , Trois Alessio , Amici Fabrizio , Andersson Hans , Attina’ Primo , Bachetti Matteo , Barbanera Mattia , Borotto Fabio , Brez Alessandro , Brienza Daniele , Caporale Ciro , Cardelli Claudia , Carpentiero Rita , Castellano Simone , Castronuovo Marco , Cavalli Luca , Cavazzuti Elisabetta , Ceccanti Marco , Centrone Mauro , Ciprini Stefano , Citraro Saverio , D’Amico Fabio , D’Alba Elisa , Di Cosimo Sergio , Di Lalla Niccolo’ , Di Marco Alessandro , Di Persio Giuseppe , Donnarumma Immacolata , Evangelista Yuri , Ferrazzoli Riccardo , Hayato Asami , Kitaguchi Takao , La Monaca Fabio , Lefevre Carlo , Loffredo Pasqualino , Lorenzi Paolo , Lucchesi Leonardo , Magazzu Carlo , Maldera Simone , Manfreda Alberto , Mangraviti Elio , Marengo Marco , Matt Giorgio , Mereu Paolo , Morbidini Alfredo , Mosti Federico , Nakano Toshio , Nasimi Hikmat , Negri Barbara , Nenonen Seppo , Nuti Alessio , Orsini Leonardo , Perri Matteo , Pesce-Rollins Melissa , Piazzolla Raffaele , Pilia Maura , Profeti Alessandro , Puccetti Simonetta , Rankin John , Ratheesh Ajay , Rubini Alda , Santoli Francesco , Sarra Paolo , Scalise Emanuele , Sciortino Andrea , Tamagawa Toru , Tardiola Marcello , Tobia Antonino , Vimercati Marco , Xie Fei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
While X-ray spectroscopy, timing, and imaging have improved much since 1962 when the first astronomical nonsolar source was discovered, especially wi the launch of the Newton/X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission, Rossi/X-ray Timing Explorer, and Chandra/Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility, the progress of X-ray polarimetry has been meager. This is in part due to the lack of sensitive polarization detectors, which in turn is a result of the fate of approved missions and because celestial X-ray sources appear less polarized than expected. Only one positive measurement has been available until now: the Orbiting Solar Observatory measured the polarization of the Crab Nebula in the 1970s. The advent of microelectronics techniques has allowed for designing a detector based on the photoelectric effect of gas in an energy range where the optics are efficient at focusing in X-rays. Here we describe the instrument, which is the major contribution of the Italian collaboration to the Small Explorer mission called IXPE, the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer, which will launch in late 2021. The instrument is composed of three detector units based on this technique and a detector service unit. Three mirror modules provided by Marshall Space Flight Center focus X-rays onto the detectors. We show the technological choices, their scientific motivation, and results from the calibration of the instrument. IXPE will perform imaging, timing, and energy-resolved polarimetry in the 2–8 keV energy band opening this window of X-ray astronomy to tens of celestial sources of almost all classes.
Grain Growth in Escaping Atmospheres: Implications for the Radius Inflation of Super-Puffs
Authors: Ohno Kazumasa , Tanaka Yuki A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Super-puffs—low-mass exoplanets with extremely low bulk density—are attractive targets for exploring their atmospheres and formation processes. Recent studies suggested that the large radii of super-puffs may be caused by atmospheric dust entrained in the escaping atmospheres. In this study, we investigate how the dust grows in escaping atmospheres and influences the transit radii using a microphysical model of grain growth. Collision growth is efficient in many cases, hindering the upward transport of dust via enhanced gravitational settling. We find that the dust abundance in the outflow hardly exceeds the Mach number at the dust production region. Thus, dust formed in the upper atmospheres, say at P ≲ 10−5 bar, is needed to launch a dusty outflow with a high dust abundance. With sufficiently high dust production altitudes and rates, the dusty outflow can enhance the observable radius by a factor of ∼2 or even more. We suggest that photochemical haze is a promising candidate of high-altitude dust that can be entrained in the outflow. We also compute the synthetic transmission spectra of super-puff atmospheres and demonstrate that the dusty outflow produces a broad spectral slope and obscures molecular features, in agreement with featureless spectra recently reported for several super-puffs. Lastly, using an interior structure model, we suggest that the atmospheric dust could drastically enhance the observable radius only for planets in a narrow mass range of ∼2–5 M
⊕, in which the boil-off tends to cause total atmospheric loss. This may explain why super-puffs are uncommon despite the suggested universality of photochemical hazes.
Collision between Radiative and Adiabatic Supersonic Flows
Authors: Gintrand Antoine , Moreno-Gelos Quentin , Araudo Anabella , Tikhonchuk Vladimir , Weber Stefan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The self-similar dynamics of the collision between radiative and adiabatic supersonic planar flows are performed assuming homogeneous radiation cooling. New self-similar solutions relevant to both astrophysical objects and laboratory experiments are derived. Numerical simulations investigate the formation of the radiative cooling shock in the interstellar medium and laboratory Xenon plasma to demonstrate the self-similarity of the interaction in the special case of balanced ram pressure. When the radiation cooling is inhomogeneous, the flow can become thermally unstable and deviate from the self-similar solution.
Black Hole Mergers of AGN Origin in LIGO–Virgo’s O1–O3a Observing Periods
Authors: Gayathri V. , Yang Y. , Tagawa H. , Haiman Z. , Bartos I. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The origin of the black hole mergers detected by LIGO–Virgo remains an open question. While the unusual mass and spin of a few events constrain their possible astrophysical formation mechanisms, it is difficult to classify the bulk of the observed mergers. Here we consider the distribution of masses and spins in LIGO–Virgo’s first two observing catalogs. We show that, for black holes in the mass gap, our fiducial active galactic nucleus (AGN) model is preferred over a parametric mass–spin model fit to the full GWTC-2 merger sample (Bayes factor


>
10

). This preference, nevertheless, depends on uncertain AGN model parameters. We further show that a 20% fractional contribution of the detected events of an AGN-disk origin reproduces well the observed black hole mass distribution in the pair-instability mass gap, while only marginally contributing to the lower-mass detected population. The overall AGN contribution corresponds to a black hole merger rate of about 2.5 Gpc−3 yr−1, comparable to theoretical expectations.
À l’écoute du brouhaha dans le groupe
Authors: Gayard-Guégan Patricia 
Published: October 2021

Cet article rend compte d’une partie de la thèse de l’auteure intitulée Étude clinique du « non-verbal sonore » d’un groupe d’analyse des pratiques professionnelles en formation initiale d’Assistant de Service Social (2019). L’auteure se penche sur le phénomène de brouhaha présent dans un groupe. Après avoir resitué le contexte méthodologique de la recherche doctorale, elle propose des repères théorico-cliniques quant au sonore et, en particulier, le brouhaha, puis fait part de ses éprouvés contre-transférentiels de chercheuse sous-jacents à son écoute du brouhaha dans le groupe, éprouvés présents notamment lors de la transcription des enregistrements audio de séances d’analyse des pratiques professionnelles. Elle avance une analyse du brouhaha à partir d’extraits du matériel en référence aux propositions théorico-cliniques d’Ophélia Avron, puis plus succinctement à celles de René Kaës et Christophe Bittolo. En conclusion, l’auteure suggère de s’intéresser également aux propositions théorico-cliniques de Claudio Neri et elle invite à explorer plus largement l’univers du non-verbal sonore dans le cadre de recherches en sciences de l’éducation.
La démonologie est-elle demeurée une partie de la théologie au Moyen Âge central ?
Authors: Boureau Alain 
Published: October 2021

On examine ici la résolution théologienne, au Moyen Âge central, de demeurer une science qui ne soit pas la transcription des anxiétés à la fois universelles et contextuelles qui ont envahi l’Europe de la fin du Moyen Âge. La démonologie, à la fin du xiii e siècle, est devenue un secteur autonome de la théologie, illustré par les trois traités sur les démons rédigés entre 1270 et 1300, constitués par un assemblage de questions disputées par Thomas d’Aquin, Pierre de Jean Olivi et Richard de Mediavilla. Paradoxalement, ce sont des considérations anthropologiques neuves qui ont frayé un chemin à la réflexion sur le démon (exemples de la tentation suicidaire et de l’oubli). Enfin, la démonologie se constitua en cadre rationnel pour penser la causalité (exemple du pacte sacramentel) et l’antagonisme des actions surnaturelles, tout en promouvant une théologie du risque.
Reconstruire l’hôpital public par la démocratie sanitaire
Authors: Grimaldi André , Vernant Jean-Paul 
Published: October 2021

La pandémie de Covid-19 a révélé les forces et les faiblesses de notre système de santé. Ses forces : la solidarité financière assurée par la Sécurité sociale et la qualité de ses professionnels. Ses faiblesses : notre carence historique en santé publique (insuffisance de la prévention et inégalités sociales de santé), le défaut d’organisation (insuffisance du travail en équipe pluriprofessionnelle, insuffisance de la coordination ville-hôpital), le sous-financement de la recherche, l’application à la médecine d’une vision industrielle, commerciale, mondialisée, l’inflation d’une bureaucratie éloignée du terrain promouvant la gestion par les normes et par les nombres, le manque de démocratie sanitaire. L’épidémie a révélé au grand jour la crise de l’hôpital public dénoncée par les soignants depuis des mois et des années. L’hôpital est en effet victime à la fois d’une politique d’austérité, d’une gestion d’entreprise commerciale et du retard à la construction d’un service public de la médecine de proximité. La première vague a montré ce qu’était un service public où les professionnels collaborent au service des patients et où les gestionnaires sont au service des soignants et non l’inverse. La leçon sera-t-elle retenue ? Cela supposerait de changer les modalités de détermination de l’Ondam, de revoir les modes de financement des établissements et de rémunération des professionnels, et de remplacer le néomanagement par une cogestion entre administratifs et professionnels, avec la participation des usagers.
Hôpitaux publics versus cliniques privées : comparaison n’est pas raison
Authors: Domin Jean-Paul 
Published: October 2021

La comparaison des coûts entre les secteurs public et privé lucratif revient assez souvent dans le débat public. Mais il faut se garder de toute généralisation dans la mesure où un certain nombre d’éléments permettent d’expliquer scientifiquement la différence des coûts. Nous montrons dans un premier temps que la littérature a assez bien identifié la formation des coûts dans les établissements de soins. Dans un second temps, nous identifions trois raisons : la différence d’activité, le recrutement de la patientèle et le coût du patrimoine immobilier.
Histoire nationale, histoire universelle : propositions sur l’iconographie monumentale de la monarchie de Juillet
Authors: Leniaud Jean-Michel 
Published: October 2021

Comment représenter l’histoire de France dans le contexte de la monarchie de Juillet, lorsque se construit l’État nation ? Les peintres choisis par les pouvoirs publics semblent disposer d’une grande liberté mais les courants idéologiques qui traversent la société s’imposent à eux. Cette étude met en évidence, en effet, les conflits discrets qui opposent les partisans de l’histoire nationale telle que l’exalte la génération romantique et ceux du cosmopolitisme libéral qui insistent sur le commerce et l’industrie et, au nom des Lumières et de la Philosophie, se méfient du catholicisme romain. Quelles que soient les sympathies, diverses, de la famille royale et du haut personnel de l’État, il est hors de question de choisir l’une ou l’autre tendance : le projet de Juillet vise à rassembler la totalité du corps politique au nom de l’histoire, conçue comme le laboratoire du politique. La conciliation des tendances diverses, voire contradictoires, se trouve au cœur du projet d’éclectisme dont le régime a fait son objectif. Louis-Philippe, roi muséographe par excellence, voudra trouver à Versailles l’occasion de tenter un consensus iconographique.
Effect and Signaling Pathways of Nelumbinis Folium in the Treatment of Hyperlipidemia Assessed by Network Pharmacology
Authors: Pan Qiu , Zhang Zhi-Qing , Tian Cong-Yang , Yu Tong , Yang Ran , Chai Xin-Lou 
Published: October 2021

Objective:
In this study, the effects and signaling pathways of Nelumbinis folium in the treatment of hyperlipidemia were analyzed based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.

Materials and Methods:
The main components and targets of Nelumbinis folium were searched through traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP), and the active components were selected according to their oral availability and drug-like properties. The main targets of hyperlipidemia were identified using the DisGeNET database. Venny 2.1.0 was used to take the intersection of both targets, which were submitted to the STRING database to construct the protein-protein interaction network model. The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery 6.7 was used to conduct gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome pathway enrichment analyses of the targets. Cytoscape 3.7.1 was used to construct the component-target-pathway network. AutoDock Vina molecular docking software was used to study the binding effect and mechanism of the core components and targets of N. folium.

Results:
Fifteen active components of N. folium and 195 potential targets were selected through TCMSP, whereas 4216 targets for hyperlipidemia were selected from DisGeNET. Further, 138 potential cross-targets of hyperlipidemia were identified. A network of component-target-pathway was constructed. Quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin were the core components, which played an important role in anti-hyperlipidemia, mainly through the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance (IR) signaling pathways. Molecular docking results showed that quercetin had the lowest docking energies with peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, INSR (-6.20,-10.00, and -8.40 (kcal/mol, respectively). The binding mode was mainly hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces.

Conclusions:
The active components of N. folium may regulate lipid metabolism by participating in the signaling pathways of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and IR.
Peripheral nerve stimulator guided erector spinae plane block for post-operative analgesia after total abdominal hysterectomies: A feasibility study
Authors: Prasad Mukesh K. , Rani Kanchan , Jain Payal , Varshney Rohit K. , Jheetay Gurdeep S. , Bhadani Umesh Kumar 
Published: October 2021

Background and Aims:The pain following total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH), a very commonly performed gynaecological surgery, is usually taken care of by various opioids, non-opioids, regional and peripheral nerve blocks. Erector spinae plane block (ESPB) under ultrasound guidance is a relatively new approach for postoperative analgesia in thoracic and abdominal surgeries. Ultrasound availability and expertise to use it is a limitation at times. The primary aim of this study was to determine the analgesic efficacy of ESPB using peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) technique in patients undergoing TAH.Methods:A total of 60 American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II female patients were posted for abdominal hysterectomy after obtaining ethical committee clearance in a tertiary care centre. Group I (n = 30) received spinal anaesthesia, whereas Group II (n = 30) received ESPB under peripheral nerve stimulator (PNS) guidance with 20 mL of 0.375% ropivacaine before spinal anaesthesia. Post-operative pain intensity reported using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was considered as the primary outcome. The haemodynamic variables, total duration before the first rescue analgesia, total consumption of tramadol, level of satisfaction regarding analgesia and any complications were considered as secondary outcomes. The data were recorded in an excel sheet, and analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23.0.Results:VAS score was significantly lower (P< 0.001) in Group II at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h post-operatively. The total dose of rescue analgesia was significantly reduced in the ESPB group.Conclusion:PNS-guided ESPB is effective in relieving pain in patients undergoing TAH.