bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Self-Shielding in the Unresolved Resonance Range
Authors: Aldama Daniel Lopez , Trkov Andrej , Cullen Dermott E. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Resonance behavior is a feature of nuclear reaction cross sections. Resonance density increases with increasing incident particle energy and they begin to overlap, until they can no longer be resolved experimentally, but they still contribute to self-shielding and must be accounted for. This is usually done by representing them with statistical average parameters according to methods and approximations described in standard text-books. Self-shielding factors are commonly used in deterministic transport codes, while statistical Monte Carlo codes use probability tables or multiband parameters. An exercise was conducted at the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to validate codes and methods for generating data that account for self-shielding in deterministic and Monte Carlo codes. A simple numerical model problem was defined, considering a sphere of 1 m radius with a 20 MeV isotropic neutron source at the center. The chosen material for testing was 139La from the ENDF/B-VIII.0 library, which clearly showed anomalous behavior.
Describing the Mechanism of Instability Suppression Using a Central Pilot Flame With Coupled Experiments and Simulations
Authors: Li Jihang , Kwon Hyunguk , Seksinsky Drue , Doleiden Daniel , O'Connor Jacqueline , Xuan Yuan , Akiki Michel , Blust James 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Pilot flames are commonly used to extend combustor operability limits and suppress combustion oscillations in low-emissions gas turbines. Combustion oscillations, a coupling between heat release rate oscillations and combustor acoustics, can arise at the operability limits of low-emissions combustors where the flame is more susceptible to perturbations. While the use of pilot flames is common in land-based gas turbine combustors, the mechanism by which they suppress instability is still unclear. In this study, we consider the impact of a central jet pilot on the stability of a swirl-stabilized flame in a variable-length, single-nozzle combustor. Previously, the pilot flame was found to suppress the instability for a range of equivalence ratios and combustor lengths. We hypothesize that combustion oscillation suppression by the pilot occurs because the pilot provides hot gases to the vortex breakdown region of the flow that recirculate and improve the static, and hence dynamic, stability of the main flame. This hypothesis is based on a series of experimental results that show that pilot efficacy is a strong function of pilot equivalence ratio but not pilot flow rate, which would indicate that the temperature of the pilot products as well as the combustion intensity of the pilot flame play more of a role in oscillation stabilization than the length of the pilot flame relative to the main flame. Further, the pilot-flame efficacy increases with pilot-flame equivalence ratio until it matches the main-flame equivalence ratio; at pilot equivalence ratios greater than the main equivalence ratio, the pilot-flame efficacy does not change significantly with pilot equivalence ratio. To understand these results, we use large-eddy simulation (LES) to provide a detailed analysis of the flow in the region of the pilot flame and the transport of radical species in the region between the main flame and pilot flame. The simulation, using a flamelet/progress variable-based chemistry tabulation approach and standard eddy viscosity/diffusivity turbulence closure models, provides detailed information that is inaccessible through experimental measurements.
Simulation and Experimental Study on Hydraulic Sandblasting Cutting in Uncontrolled Blowout Well
Authors: Tian Jialin , Wen Feng , Ge Tongxu , Hu Zhichao , Islam Shahriar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A nozzle structure of portable high-pressure hydraulic sandblasting cutting equipment is optimized through simulation analysis and experimental tests in this paper. The hydraulic sandblasting cutting technology uses high speed sand fluid jet for cutting operations, which improves the cutting efficiency. At the beginning, the model of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was established to simulate different types, cylinder lengths, and cone angles of nozzle. Also, the comparison analyses of the jet characteristics of the nozzles are performed. The results show that the conical straight nozzle has better jet characteristics. Moreover, combined with mathematical methods, the experimental data of conical nozzle are processed and obtained further results, including the effects on cutting depth of working pressure, cutting transverse speed, and cutting target distance. The research models and results in this paper can provide reference for optimizing nozzle structure, improving nozzle cutting efficiency, and developing similar research.
Global Self-Optimizing Control With Data-Driven Optimal Selection of Controlled Variables With Application to Chiller Plant
Authors: Zhao Zhongfan , Li Yaoyu , Salsbury Timothy I. , House John M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a global self-optimizing control (SOC) approach, where nonlinear dynamic model is obtained from historical data of plant operation via the framework of sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics (SINDy) combined with regularized regression. With the nonlinear static input–output map obtained by forcing steady-state operation, the globally optimal solutions of controlled variables (CVs) can be found by tracking the necessary conditions of optimality (NCO) in an analytical fashion. After validation with a numerical example, the proposed method is evaluated using a modelica-based dynamic model of a chilled-water plant. The economic objective for chiller plant operation is to minimize the total power of compressor, condenser water pump, and cooling tower fan, while the cooling tower fan speed and condenser water mass flow rate are used as manipulated inputs. The operating data are generated based on realistic ambient and load conditions and a best-practice rule-based strategy for chiller operation. The control structure with the SOC method yields a total power consumption close to the global optimum and substantially smaller than that of a best-practice rule-based chiller plant control strategy. The proposed method promises a global SOC solution using dynamic operation data, for cost-effective and adaptive control structure optimization.
Generalized Empirical Regret Bounds for Control of Renewable Energy Systems in Spatiotemporally Varying Environments
Authors: Haydon Ben , Cole Jack , Dunn Laurel , Keyantuo Patrick , Chow Fotini K. , Moura Scott , Vermillion Chris 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper focuses on the empirical derivation of regret bounds for mobile systems that can optimize their locations in real-time within a spatiotemporally varying renewable energy resource. The case studies in this paper focus specifically on an airborne wind energy system, where the replacement of towers with tethers and a lifting body allows the system to adjust its altitude continuously, with the goal of operating at the altitude that maximizes net power production. While prior publications have proposed control strategies for this problem, often with favorable results based on simulations that use real wind data, they lack any theoretical or statistical performance guarantees. In this work, we make use of a very large synthetic dataset, identified through parameters from real wind data, to derive probabilistic bounds on the difference between optimal and actual performance, termed regret. The results are presented for a variety of control strategies, including maximum probability of improvement, upper confidence bound, greedy, and constant altitude approaches. In addition, we use dimensional analysis to generalize the aforementioned results to other spatiotemporally varying environments, making the results applicable to a wider variety of renewably powered mobile systems. Finally, to deal with more general environmental mean models, we introduce a novel approach to modify calculable regret bounds to accommodate any mean model through what we term an “effective spatial domain.”
Creep Deformation Property and Creep Life Evaluation of Super304H
Authors: Kimura Kazuhiro , Sawada Kota 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Creep deformation behavior, creep strength property, and microstructural evolution during creep exposure were investigated on Super 304H steel for boiler tube. In the high stress and lower temperature regime, creep rupture strength of Super 304H steel is higher than that of SUS304H steel. The slope of stress versus time to rupture curve of Super 304H steel, however, becomes steeper with increase in creep exposure time and temperature, and the creep rupture strength of Super 304H steel becomes closer to that of SUS304H steel after the tens of thousands of hours at 700 °C and above. In the short-term, at 600 °C, creep rupture ductility increases with increase in creep rupture life. However, it tends to decrease after showing the maximum value and the creep rupture ductility decreases with increase in temperature. The complex shape of creep rate versus time curves, with two minima in creep rate, was observed at 600 °C. Several type precipitates of niobium carbonitride (Nb(C,N)), Z phase (NbCrN), and copper were observed in Super 304H steel, as well as M23C6 carbide and sigma phase observed in SUS304H steel. The change in slope of stress versus time to rupture curve is caused by disappearance of precipitation strengthening effect during creep exposure. Accuracy of creep rupture life evaluation was improved by stress range splitting method which takes into accounts of the change in slope of stress versus time to rupture curves was demonstrated.
Reduced Order Design Optimization of Liquid Cooled Heat Sinks
Authors: Lad Aniket Ajay , James Kai A. , King William P. , Miljkovic Nenad 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The recent growth in electronics power density has created a significant need for effective thermal management solutions. Liquid-cooled heat sinks or cold plates are typically used to achieve high volumetric power density cooling. A natural tradeoff exists between the thermal and hydraulic performance of a cold plate, creating an opportunity for design optimization. Current design optimization methods rely on computationally expensive and time consuming computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Here, we develop a rapid design optimization tool for liquid cooled heat sinks based on reduced-order models for the thermal-hydraulic behavior. Flow layout is expressed as a combination of simple building blocks on a divided coarse grid. The flow layout and geometrical parameters are incorporated to optimize designs that can effectively address heterogeneous cooling requirements within electronics packages. We demonstrate that the use of population-based searches for optimal layout selection, while not ensuring a global optimum solution, can provide optimal or near-optimal results for most of the test cases studied. The approach is shown to generate optimal designs within a timescale of 60–120 s. A case study based on cooling of a commercial silicon carbide (SiC) electronics power module is used to demonstrate the application of the developed tool and is shown to improve the performance as compared to an aggressive state-of-the-art single-phase liquid cooling solution by reducing the SiC junction-to-coolant thermal resistance by 25% for the same pressure drop.
To the Issue of the Memristor’s HRS and LRS States Degradation and Data Retention Time
Authors: Fadeev A. V. , Rudenko K. V. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this review of experimental studies, the retention time and endurance of memristor RRAM memory elements based on reversible resistive switching in oxide dielectrics are studied. The influence of external parameters—switching pulses and ambient temperature—as well as internal factors—evolution of the concentration of oxygen vacancies in the filament region, the material, structure; the thickness of the active dielectric layer, material of metal electrodes on the long-term stability of high resistance state (HRS) and the low resistance state (LRS) of the memristor is discussed.
LARP7 Suppresses Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition by Coupling With TRIM28
Authors: Liang Xiaodong , Wu Shuo , Geng Zilong , Liu Li , Zhang Shasha , Wang Shiyan , Zhang Yan , Huang Yu , Zhang Bing 
Published: September 2021

Rationale:
Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a fundamental biological process in which endothelial cells lose their endothelial characteristics and acquire mesenchymal properties. EndMT contributes to physiological organ development such as valvulogenesis and is associated with a number of deleterious pathologies such as organ fibrosis. Several signaling pathways of TGF-β (transforming growth factor β), BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) and inflammation have been shown to regulate EndMT. However, the transcriptional and epigenetic programs governing EndMT remains largely unclarified.

Objective:
To identify the transcriptional or epigenetic mechanisms underlying EndMT and EndMT-associated formation of cardiac valves.

Methods and Results:

We identified the LARP7 (La ribonucleoprotein domain family member 7), a RNAPII (RNA-binding protein regulating RNA polymerase II) pausing, was downregulated in 2 cytokine-induced EndMT models. LARP7 depletion with lentivirus-mediated shRNA transformed endothelial cells to mesenchymal morphology and induced the expression of the EndMT key regulator, SLUG. Specific deletion of LARP7 in the endocardium in inducible CDH5
CreERT2
;LARP7
f/f
mouse enhanced EndMT in the atrioventricular and outflow tract cushion as revealed by lineage tracing approach. ChIP-seq analysis showed LARP7 and TRIM28 (tripartite motif containing 28) which is an epigenetic repressor were colocalized at SLUG promoter. LARP7 directly interacted with TRIM28 and facilitated it loading to SLUG promoter and repressed its transcription through deacetylating the histones. More importantly, inducible knockout of LARP7 or TRIM28 in the endocardium accelerated EndMT, leading to the valvular hyperplasia, which was further aggravated by the double knockout of these 2 genes.

Conclusions:
The present study uncovers an orchestrated transcriptional and epigenetic mechanism by which LARP7 cooperates with TRIM28 to govern the EndMT and valvulogenesis.
A New Growth Rate Measure in Identifying Extended Gompertz Growth Curve and Development of Goodness-of-fit Test
Authors: Yeasmin Farhana , Daw Ranadeep , Chakraborty Bratati , Gupta Arindam , Bhattacharya Sabyasachi , Chakraborty Biman 
Published: September 2021

Growth is a fundamental aspect of a living organism. Growth curves play an important role in explaining the complex dynamics of growth trajectories. The development of a large class of growth models provides more choices to explain complex growth dynamics. However, identifying a suitable growth curve from a broad class of growth models becomes a challenging task. Relative Growth Rate (RGR) is the most popular measure in the growth-related study. It serves many purposes in growth curve literature, including constructing any goodness-of-fit index of some growth dynamics. However, the goodness-of-fit test based on RGR is restricted to only simple growth models. This study aims to develop a new growth rate function, instantaneous maturity rate (IMR), which can play an important role in identifying growth models. We have explored that the measure has synergy in mathematical form with IMR. However, unlike the hazard rate, IMR is a random variable when the size/RGR variable is stochastic. We have derived the exact and asymptotic distribution of this measure under the Gaussian setup of both the size and RGR variables. We have constructed a goodness-of-fit test for the extended Gompertz growth model based on the instantaneous maturity rate. We have checked the performance of the test through simulation studies as well as real data. AMS 2010 subject classifications: 62Mxx, 92Bxx, 62P10
Development and Validation of Iranian Adolescent’s Participation Assessment Tool
Authors: Joveini Ghodsiyeh , Hasani Mehraban Afsoon , Zareiyan Armin , Khalafbeigi Mitra , Lajevardi Laleh 
Published: September 2021

Background Health promotion of children and adolescents through participation in purposeful and meaningful activities is one of the focuses of occupational therapy. In this study, in line with the Iranian culture, a tool for assessment of Iranian adolescents’ participation in daily occupations/activities was developed and validated. Method An exploratory sequential mixed method was used to develop and validate the tool. Content and structural validity and reliability of the initial version were estimated. Results During the validation process, the items were reduced to 54. Data were collected from 481 adolescents to investigate factor analysis. According to principal component analysis, the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin index was 0.88, and the analysis yielded seven factors explaining 47.2% of the total variance. The tool showed excellent internal consistency and test–retest reliability. Conclusion This newly developed Participation Assessment Tool for Iranian adolescents is a valid and reliable measure for assessing the participation of this group in daily activities.
Doing gender and being gendered through occupation: Transgender and non-binary experiences
Authors: Swenson Rebecca , Alldred Pam , Nicholls Lindsey 
Published: September 2021

Background Transgender people can face discrimination which can be reflected in and encoded by their occupational experiences. There is emerging research regarding those who are transgender but experiences of non-binary people remain under-explored. Purpose This study considered the occupational experiences of transgender and non-binary people and how gender expression related to engagement in occupations and space. Method Five transgender and non-binary people participated in repeat interviews, including a ‘walking interview’. Analysis was informed by new materialism. Findings Occupational engagement can re-enforce binary understandings of gender or facilitate creative expressions of gender identity. Within normative environments, occupational participation can offer assimilation, particularly for non-binary people. Some occupations provided emancipation from binary gender norms through expression such as clothing and creative activities which provided recognition and belonging. Symbolic and personal meanings of occupations shifted when participants were able to express themselves in a way that felt authentic. Conclusion ‘Occupational assimilation’ can bring safety from scrutiny for those who are transgender and non-binary but curtails authentic expression. Occupational therapists have a role in supporting transgender and non-binary people in accessing occupations which facilitate their authentic gender expression and need to improve critical awareness of the culturally encoded binary nature of many occupations and environments.
Placental elastography in second trimester preeclampsia prediction: A prospective study
Authors: Meena Rajkumar , Malik Amita , Jain Swarna , Batra Achla 
Published: September 2021

Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic potential of placental shear wave elastography in predicting preeclampsia at 16 to 20 weeks of gestation. Materials and methods A total of 230 pregnant women between 16 and 20 weeks of gestation were observed for the study. These women underwent shear wave elastography ElastPQ (Philips Healthcare, Bothell, Washington, USA) of the placenta. The mean value of placental shear modulus was obtained for each participant. These participants were followed up for the development of preeclampsia and were divided into two groups; group A included those who developed preeclampsia and group B included those who remained normotensive until delivery. The elasticity values of the two groups were compared, and the ROC curve was drawn to obtain the best cut-off value that would predict the onset of preeclampsia. Results Placental shear modulus varied from 1.03 kPa to 7.4 kPa at 16 to 20 weeks of gestation with an average of 2.74 ± 0.87 kPa. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean value of elasticity between two groups, being 4.61 kPa in group A and 2.51 kPa in group B. Maximum diagnostic accuracy was obtained at 2.9667 kPa with area under the curve 0.970, sensitivity 92%, specificity 91.71%, positive predictive value 57.5% and negative predictive value 98.9%. Conclusion Stiffness of placenta, quantitatively measured by SWE at 16 to 20 weeks of gestation, is higher in the women who develop preeclampsia and hence may be used for predicting preeclampsia.
Tetrahydropalmatine exerts analgesic effects by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting the activation of glial cells in rats with inflammatory pain
Authors: Liu Beibei , Luo Man , Meng Danyang , Pan Huan , Shen Hui , Shen Jianfen , Yao Ming , Xu Longsheng 
Published: September 2021

Background Pain is an unpleasant sensory experience that usually plays a protective role. Inflammatory pain is often severe and stubborn, which has a great impact on the quality of life of patients. However, there has been no breakthrough in the treatment strategy and mechanism of inflammatory pain. Methods This study investigated the analgesic effect of tetrahydropalmatine (THP) in rats injected with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammatory pain. Allodynia and gait analysis of rats were used to evaluate the analgesic effect at different time points before and after operation. THP (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally once daily for 7 days post Day 3. The expression levels of TNF- α and IL-1 β in the spinal cord were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The activation of astrocytes and microglial cells in the spinal cord was tested by western blot before and after THP treatment. The apoptosis of glial cells was tested by flow cytometry after treatment with THP in the primary cultured glial cell model. Results CFA treatment induced significant allodynia and caused abnormal gait in rats. Administration of THP at 10 mg/kg significantly alleviated CFA-induced inflammatory pain behaviors. Moreover, CFA-induced activation of glial cells and the increased levels of TNF- α and IL-1 β were inhibited by THP administration. In addition, THP promotes apoptosis in primary cultured glial cells. This study suggests the possible clinical utility of THP in the treatment of inflammatory pain. Conclusion THP plays an analgesic role by inhibiting the activation of glial cells and promoting apoptosis.