bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Course Completion, Appropriateness, and Burden in the Understanding Multiple Sclerosis Massive Open Online Course: Cohort Study
Authors: Claflin Suzi B , Campbell Julie A , Doherty Kathleen , Farrow Maree , Bessing Barnabas , Taylor Bruce V 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundMassive open online course (MOOC) research is an emerging field; to date, most research in this area has focused on participant engagement.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to evaluate both participant engagement and measures of satisfaction, appropriateness, and burden for a MOOC entitled Understanding Multiple Sclerosis (MS) among a cohort of 3518 international course participants.MethodsWe assessed the association of key outcomes with participant education level, MS status, caregiver status, sex, and age using summary statistics, and 2-tailed t tests, and chi-square tests.ResultsOf the 3518 study participants, 928 (26.37%) were people living with MS. Among the 2590 participants not living with MS, 862 (33.28%) identified as formal or informal caregivers. Our key findings were as follows: the course completion rate among study participants was 67.17% (2363/3518); the course was well received, with 96.97% (1502/1549) of participants satisfied, with an appropriate pitch and low burden (a mean of 2.2 hours engagement per week); people living with MS were less likely than those not living with MS to complete the course; and people with a recent diagnosis of MS, caregivers, and participants without a university education were more likely to apply the material by course completion.ConclusionsThe Understanding MS MOOC is fit for purpose; it presents information in a way that is readily understood by course participants and is applicable in their lives.
Facilitator Contact, Discussion Boards, and Virtual Badges as Adherence Enhancements to a Web-Based, Self-guided, Positive Psychological Intervention for Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Moskowitz Judith Tedlie , Addington Elizabeth L , Shiu Eva , Bassett Sarah M , Schuette Stephanie , Kwok Ian , Freedman Melanie E , Leykin Yan , Saslow Laura R , Cohn Michael A , Cheung Elaine O 
Published: May 2021

Background
Adherence to self-guided interventions tends to be very low, especially in people with depression. Prior studies have demonstrated that enhancements may increase adherence, but little is known about the efficacy of various enhancements in comparison to, or in combination with, one another.

Objective
The aim of our study is to test whether 3 enhancements—facilitator contact (FC), an online discussion board, and virtual badges (VB)—alone, or in combination, improve adherence to a self-guided, web-based intervention for depression. We also examined whether age, gender, race, ethnicity, comfort with technology, or baseline depression predicted adherence or moderated the effects that each enhancement had on adherence.

Methods
Participants were recruited through web-based sources and, after completing at least 4 out of 7 daily emotion reports, were sequentially assigned to 1 of 9 conditions—the intervention alone; the intervention plus 1, 2, or all 3 enhancements; or an emotion reporting control condition. The intervention was a positive psychological program consisting of 8 skills that specifically targeted positive emotions, and it was delivered over 5 weeks in a self-guided, web-based format. We operationalized adherence as the number of skills accessed.

Results
A total of 602 participants were enrolled in this study. Participants accessed, on average, 5.61 (SD 2.76) of 8 skills. The total number of enhancements participants received (0-3) did not predict the number of skills accessed. Participants who were assigned to the VB+FC condition accessed significantly more skills than those in the intervention only conditions. Furthermore, participants in arms that received the combination of both the VB and FC enhancements (VB+FC and VB+FC+online discussion board) accessed a greater number of skills relative to the number of skills accessed by participants who received either VB or FC without the other. Moderation analyses revealed that the receipt of VB (vs no VB) predicted higher adherence among participants with moderately severe depression at baseline.

Conclusions
The results suggested that the VB+FC combination significantly increased the number of skills accessed in a self-guided, web-based intervention for elevated depression. We have provided suggestions for refinements to these enhancements, which may further improve adherence.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02861755; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02861755
Computer-Aided Screening of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Eye-Tracking Study Using Data Visualization and Deep Learning
Authors: Cilia Federica , Carette Romuald , Elbattah Mahmoud , Dequen Gilles , Guérin Jean-Luc , Bosche Jérôme , Vandromme Luc , Le Driant Barbara 
Published: May 2021

Background
The early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is highly desirable but remains a challenging task, which requires a set of cognitive tests and hours of clinical examinations. In addition, variations of such symptoms exist, which can make the identification of ASD even more difficult. Although diagnosis tests are largely developed by experts, they are still subject to human bias. In this respect, computer-assisted technologies can play a key role in supporting the screening process.

Objective
This paper follows on the path of using eye tracking as an integrated part of screening assessment in ASD based on the characteristic elements of the eye gaze. This study adds to the mounting efforts in using eye tracking technology to support the process of ASD screening

Methods
The proposed approach basically aims to integrate eye tracking with visualization and machine learning. A group of 59 school-aged participants took part in the study. The participants were invited to watch a set of age-appropriate photographs and videos related to social cognition. Initially, eye-tracking scanpaths were transformed into a visual representation as a set of images. Subsequently, a convolutional neural network was trained to perform the image classification task.

Results
The experimental results demonstrated that the visual representation could simplify the diagnostic task and also attained high accuracy. Specifically, the convolutional neural network model could achieve a promising classification accuracy. This largely suggests that visualizations could successfully encode the information of gaze motion and its underlying dynamics. Further, we explored possible correlations between the autism severity and the dynamics of eye movement based on the maximal information coefficient. The findings primarily show that the combination of eye tracking, visualization, and machine learning have strong potential in developing an objective tool to assist in the screening of ASD.

Conclusions
Broadly speaking, the approach we propose could be transferable to screening for other disorders, particularly neurodevelopmental disorders.
Application of an Anomaly Detection Model to Screen for Ocular Diseases Using Color Retinal Fundus Images: Design and Evaluation Study
Authors: Han Yong , Li Weiming , Liu Mengmeng , Wu Zhiyuan , Zhang Feng , Liu Xiangtong , Tao Lixin , Li Xia , Guo Xiuhua 
Published: May 2021

Background
The supervised deep learning approach provides state-of-the-art performance in a variety of fundus image classification tasks, but it is not applicable for screening tasks with numerous or unknown disease types. The unsupervised anomaly detection (AD) approach, which needs only normal samples to develop a model, may be a workable and cost-saving method of screening for ocular diseases.

Objective
This study aimed to develop and evaluate an AD model for detecting ocular diseases on the basis of color fundus images.

Methods
A generative adversarial network–based AD method for detecting possible ocular diseases was developed and evaluated using 90,499 retinal fundus images derived from 4 large-scale real-world data sets. Four other independent external test sets were used for external testing and further analysis of the model’s performance in detecting 6 common ocular diseases (diabetic retinopathy [DR], glaucoma, cataract, age-related macular degeneration, hypertensive retinopathy [HR], and myopia), DR of different severity levels, and 36 categories of abnormal fundus images. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the model’s performance were calculated and presented.

Results
Our model achieved an AUC of 0.896 with 82.69% sensitivity and 82.63% specificity in detecting abnormal fundus images in the internal test set, and it achieved an AUC of 0.900 with 83.25% sensitivity and 85.19% specificity in 1 external proprietary data set. In the detection of 6 common ocular diseases, the AUCs for DR, glaucoma, cataract, AMD, HR, and myopia were 0.891, 0.916, 0.912, 0.867, 0.895, and 0.961, respectively. Moreover, the AD model had an AUC of 0.868 for detecting any DR, 0.908 for detecting referable DR, and 0.926 for detecting vision-threatening DR.

Conclusions
The AD approach achieved high sensitivity and specificity in detecting ocular diseases on the basis of fundus images, which implies that this model might be an efficient and economical tool for optimizing current clinical pathways for ophthalmologists. Future studies are required to evaluate the practical applicability of the AD approach in ocular disease screening.
Contacts de langues et geopolitique des langues romanes
Authors: Calvet Louis-Jean 
Published: May 2021

Dans cet article nous concevons premièremenet le contact entre les langues à partir de différentes configurations pour, ensuite, analyser la géopolitique des langues romanes, représentées par les trois grands ensembles linguistiques, soit, les ensembles francophone, hispanophone et lusophone. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Contato de línguas e geopolítica das línguas românicasNeste artigo, concebemos primeiramente o contato entre as línguas a partir de diferentes configurações para, em seguida, analisar a geopolítica das línguas românicas, representadas pelos três grandes grupos linguísticos, isto é, os grupos francófono, hispanófono e lusófono.---Artigo em francês.
La nuova generazione di fotobioreattori algali per la cattura della CO2
Authors: Colucci Pasquale 
Published: May 2021

Ad oggi si sente sempre più spesso parlare del problema del
surriscaldamento globale dovuto ad un sempre maggiore inquinamento
atmosferico da parte delle industrie, agricoltura, automobili ecc.,
tutto ciò sta portando il nostro pianeta a frequenti e pericolosi
disastri ambientali. Molti studi infatti evidenziano che se non ci sarà
un inversione di tendenza arriveremo ad un punto di non ritorno oltre il
quale la Terra arriverà al collasso. Ad oggi tra le tecnologie in uso
per ridurre questo fenomeno la più utilizzata risulta la “Carbon
Capture and Storage” la quale nonostante sia stata ampiamente
sviluppata, questa risulta estremamente costose e richiedono molta
energia. Essa rappresenta semplicemente una soluzione temporanea, che
rende irrealizzabile uno sviluppo completo sulla scala richiesta .Una
soluzione tecnologica che sta dando risultati incoraggianti circa la
cattura dell’anidride carbonica è la “Biological Carbon Capture and
Utilizations”. Quest’ultima consiste nel bio-sequestro della
CO attraverso fabbriche di cellule microalgali, le
quali poi potranno essere utilizzata per la produzione di biofuel,
bioenergia e altri prodotti a valore aggiunto
Prospettive di fine vita dei parchi eolici (wind farms) nelle politiche dell'economia circolare
Authors: Poviña Esteban 
Published: May 2021

L’energia eolica negli ultimi anni ha avuto un forte incremento e la
dismissione degli impianti eolici già esistenti sta suscitando molto
interesse sul possibile recupero delle risorse. Una turbina eolica ha
una durata media di vita tra 20-25 anni, e oggi 34,000 turbine in Europa
hanno 15 anni o più. Una stima di 14,000 pale potrebbe essere
disattivata entro il 2023, un equivalente tra 40,000 e 60,000
tonnellate. Pertanto, un mercato potenziale per le turbine eoliche fuori
uso e i loro prodotti recuperati deve essere stabilito in Europa.
Circa l’85-90% della massa totale delle turbine eoliche può essere
riciclata. Il problema principale rimane sulle pale, che sono realizzate
in materiale polimerico rinforzato con fibre, i cui metodi di
riciclaggio non sono tecnologicamente sviluppati.
La situazione di fine vita di un parco eolico richiede una decisione tra
differenti possibili progetti sostenibili per l’medio ambiente. La
decisione finale sarà influenzata da diversi fattori.
METHODS AND SPECIFICS OF INTEGRATIVE APPROACH TO TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES AND DEVELOPMENT OF FOUR TYPES OF SPEECH ACTIVITY USING PERIODICALS
Authors: Badalova Nina Georgievna 
Published: May 2021

The article considers implementing the integrative approach in teaching English to students as the most important task that contributes to the development of professional competencies.
A special place of the English language in the integration of disciplines is explained by the fact that it is in close relationship with the humanities and natural sciences. Such integration can be carried out at all stages of teaching a foreign language, both at the level of the entire training system and at the level of individual disciplines. Learning a foreign language in an integrated system allows to form a more holistic picture of the world in students, in which the foreign language is a means of cognition and communication. As a result of expanding the scope of knowledge, an opportunity is created for the formation and development of broader and more diverse interests of students, their inclinations and abilities. Teaching a foreign language should be carried out through integration, through “longread”, which is a format for presenting the material in a large volume, divided into parts, usually in a video or audio format. Learning English by means of “longread” improves the learning process and develops four types of speech activity: listening, speaking, reading, writing. This training format is good because it can be applied both at universities and at distant learning.
Administrative Multinormativität in der Krankenhaus-Verwaltung am Beispiel der Charité in Berlin, 1820er- bis 1850er-Jahre
Authors: Hüntelmann Axel C. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article illustrates the significance and dimensions of administrative multinormativity by using the example of the Charité hospital in Berlin that served as a military and civilian medical teaching facility as well as a municipal hospital. The starting point is a report on the structural conditions of the Charité in the mid-1830s that was used to apply for additional financial resources. The article describes the processes that followed the application, analyses the competing public-state, medical, administrative, and economic norms and conflicting rationalities, and discusses how these conflicts were dealt with and what attempts were made to reconcile the different principles and expectations.
Politikfelder als multinormative Ordnungen. Multiple Multinormativitäten im preußischen Chausseewesen am Beispiel der Volmethalstraße, ca. 1816–1850er-Jahre
Authors: Gräfenberg Felix 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In modern societies, policymaking occurs in highly differentiated social spheres that can be described as policy areas (Politikfelder). This paper argues that policy areas can not only be understood as normative orders that frame policy processes structurally and semantically but also as multinormative orders given that policymaking is prejudiced by formal law, informal practices, policy regimes, etc. A case study of the Prussian Chaussee policy shows that there are multiple constellations of multinormativity within the same policy area that qualitatively differ from each other depending on the specific condition of their formation. Particularly, social complexity and overlapping time regimes are identified as causes of multinormative tensions. Finally, policy areas develop quite a range of social practices to cope with the resulting conflicts (e.g., compromise, recourse to law, rule by authority, etc.).
Normative Konfliktlagen: Eheschließungen mit AusländerInnen in Deutschland als administrative und interkulturelle Herausforderung (ca. 1900–1930)
Authors: Lorke Christoph 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The article deals with the role of the registry office and registrars in the legal implementation of binational or intercultural marriages in the German Empire and the Weimar Republic, from the turn of the 20th century until the 1930s. As the article shows, these marriage applications posed a manifold challenge for the actors involved; on the one hand, in dealing with “strangeness” and, on the other, in the administrative-bureaucratic synchronization of legal and social norms. Above all, the question of gender relations, demographic fears, and eurocentrist as well as racist ideas were ultimately decisive for the perception and handling of such couple constellations and had a massive influence on the scope of action for both the fiancées and the registrars.
Litigious Bukovina: Eugen Ehrlich’s ›Living Law‹ and the Use of Civil Justice in the Late Habsburg Monarchy
Authors: Fuchs Walter 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, Eugen Ehrlich’s notion of living law is presented as a concept of multi-normativity. The culturally pluralist character of his home province, Bukovina, led Ehrlich – rightly considered a pioneer not only of the sociology of law, but also of legal pluralism and qualitative social research – to empirically explore the legal customs of its different ethnic groups as actually practised. As Ehrlich stressed the role of private societal legal transactions, his place of activity became a metaphor for a law beyond the state. However, the textbook narrative that Austrian state law has been ›dead‹ in the easternmost crown land of the Habsburg Empire does not stand up to closer scrutiny. In fact, as shown by an analysis of the monarchy’s legal statistics (that are hitherto practically unused for historical or sociological studies) and contemporary media accounts, the Bukovina witnessed an extraordinarily high litigation rate. Apart from precarious economic conditions, this was most likely an unintended consequence of civil procedural reforms. Given the Bukovina’s figurative meaning in current socio-legal discourses on law and globalisation, a proper understanding of this demand for state justice, as well as its coexistence with multiple societal normativities, is not only of historical interest.
Erodible fraction content change in long term wind erosion duration
Authors: Lackóová Lenka , Dufková Jana Kozlovsky 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Soil erosion by wind is the primary land degradation process which affects natural environments and agricultural lands. In agricultural lands, soil erosion by wind mainly results from removing of the finest and most biologically active part of the soil richest in organic matter and nutrients. Repeated exposure to wind erosion can have permanent effects on agricultural soil degradation. Knowing spatial and temporal changes in soil conditions and soil erodibility is essential to understand wind erosion processes. There are many methodologies to predict the susceptibility of landscape to erosion. The more complex is the scheme combining multiple factors, the more accurate the estimate is. There are very few studies on mapping the changes in soil grain size and erodible fraction due to wind erosion. Existing studies only deal with eroded soil units (where particles are removed – deflation) and not the eroded units (areas) to which the eroded particles are wound – accumulated. Prevailing wind direction should also be taken into account when mapping changes in erodible fractions of wind-eroded soils and the nature of the soil (whether soil particles accumulate or deflate). In this study the “historical“ grain size distribution of the soil in three cadastral areas using data from complex soil survey (1968) and year 2018/2019 was analysed. Erodible fraction change was also calculated and compared for both time periods.
Strategi Peningkatan Stakeholder Baru Organisasi Seni Pertunjukan
Authors: Ardiyasa I Putu 
Published: May 2021

Dalam rangka penciptaan kualitas produk terbaik harus didukung oleh pemberdayaan modal manusia untuk merancang strategi ke depan, sehingga dapat memengaruhi stakeholder. Seni pertunjukan sebagai tindakan berbasis jasa yang sesungguhnya tidak akan terlepas dari keterlibatan stakeholder (penonton, sponsor, funding, pemerintah). Pengelola kesenian kurang memberdayakan dan mengembangkan potensi diri dalam mengaktualisasikan sekaligus mensosialisasikan keahliannya sesuai dengan perkembangan zaman. Hal ini berdampak pada kualitas produk yang dapat dimengerti, diterima, dan membuat tertarik para stakeholder. Penelitian ini membahas tentang pemberdayaan sumber daya manusia dalam rangka meningkatkan stakeholder baru. Penelitian ini menemukan tawaran strategi pengelola pertunjukan dalam meningkatkan penonton baru, kerja sama sponsorship, dan para pemberi dana pemerintah atau swasta. Data dikumpulkan dengan observasi lapangan dan wawancara pada beberapa ahli yang berpengalaman dalam menjalankan sebuah organisasi. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa kualitas karya adalah modal utama dalam menjaga kepercayaan stakeholder. Selain itu, jaringan personal, sharing knowledge, program workshop, event festival, pemberdayaan media sosial adalah upaya yang dilakukan oleh organisasi dalam meningkatkan stakeholder baru. New Stakeholder Improvement StrategyPerforming Arts OrganizationABSTRACTWhen we talk about arts, especially performance art as a service-based act, it cannot be inseparable from the involvement of stakeholders (audience, sponsors, funding, government). The arts manager is less empowering and developing his potential in actualizing and at the same time socializing his skills in accordance with the times. It has an impact on the quality of the product that can be understood, accepted and attracted by the stakeholders. In order to create the best product quality, it must be supported by empowering human capital to design strategies in the future, so it can influence stakeholders. This study addresses these problems with the aim of obtaining offers from show management strategies to increase new audiences, sponsorship cooperation and public or private funders. Data is collected through field observations and interviews with several experts who are experienced in running an organization. The results show that the quality of works is the important thing must be considered in maintaining stakeholder confidence. In addition, Personal Networks, Knowledge Sharing, Workshop Programs, Event Festivals, Social Media Empowerment are efforts made by organizations to increase new stakeholders.
سينتاكسى ئه‌ركيى و شيكارى گوتارله‌ زمانى كورديدا گوتارى ڕاگه‌ياندن به‌نمونه‌
Authors: H. Mohammed Dara 
Published: May 2021

سينتاكسى ئه‌ركى تيۆرييه‌كه‌ كار له‌سه‌ر ڕاڤه‌ى بنياتى زمان و‌ ئه‌ركى پێوه‌نديكردن ده‌كات، زمان كۆمه‌ڵێك ئه‌ركى جۆراوجۆر به‌جێده‌هێنێت، به‌شێك له‌ ئه‌ركه‌كان په‌يوه‌ستن به‌ بنيات(structure)ى زمانه‌وه‌ و له‌ڕێى ئارگومێنته‌ سينتاكسييه‌كان و پۆله‌ ڕه‌گه‌زه‌ فه‌رهه‌نگييه‌كان له‌ قاڵبى ڕسته‌دا(بكه‌ر ، به‌ركار....) ده‌بن، پێوه‌نديكردنيش يه‌كێكيتره‌‌ له ‌ئه‌ركه‌ سه‌ركييه‌كانى زمان، ئه‌مه‌ش به‌پێى كه‌تيگۆرييه‌ فه‌رهه‌نگييه‌كان و به‌كارهێنانيان له‌ده‌وروبه‌رى تايبه‌تدا ئه‌نجام ده‌درێت، ئه‌ركه‌ سينتاكسييه‌كان هاوتا له‌گه‌ڵ ئه‌ركى پێوه‌نديكردن كه‌ به‌پێى شوێن و ده‌وروبه‌ره‌جياوازه‌كان و له‌شێوه‌ى ئه‌ركى واتايى كه‌ مه‌به‌سته‌(سێمانتيكى و پراگماتيكى)يه‌كان ده‌گرنه‌وه‌ ئه‌ركى ته‌واوى زمان پێكده‌هێنن . تيۆريى سينتاكسى ئه‌ركيى(سيمۆ‌ن ديك) له‌توانايدايه‌ ئه‌و سێ جۆره‌ى ئه‌ركى زمان (دروسته‌يى ، سێمانتيكى ،پراگماتيكى ) كۆبكاته‌وه‌ و كاريان له‌سه‌ر بكات . هه‌ربۆيه‌ ئه‌م توێژينه‌وه‌يه‌مان‌ كه‌ به‌ناونيشانى(سينتاكسى ئه‌ركيى و شيكارى گوتار له‌ زمانى كورديدا گوتارى ڕاگه‌ياندن به‌نمونه‌)‌وه‌يه‌، بۆ خستنه‌ڕووى ئه‌و تيۆرييه‌ و كاره‌كيكردنى له‌ جۆرێك له‌ جۆره‌كانى گوتار كه‌ گوتارى ڕاگه‌ياندنه‌ ته‌رخانكردووه‌.