bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mendeleyev revisited
Authors: Marks E. G. , Marks J. A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDespite the periodic table having been discovered by chemists half a century before the discovery of electronic structure, modern designs are invariably based on physicists’ definition of periods. This table is a chemists’ table, reverting to the phenomenal periods that led to the table’s discovery. In doing so, the position of hydrogen is clarified.
Influence of diagram layout and scrolling on understandability of BPMN processes: an eye tracking experiment with BPMN diagrams
Authors: Lübke Daniel , Ahrens Maike , Schneider Kurt 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBusiness process modeling is an important activity for developing software systems—especially within digitization projects and when realizing digital business models. Specifying requirements and building executable workflows is often done by using BPMN 2.0 process models. Although there are several style guides available for BPMN, e.g., by Silver and Richard (BPMN method and style, vol 2, Cody-Cassidy Press, Aptos, 2009), there has not been much empirical research done into the consequences of the diagram layout. In particular, layouts that require scrolling have not been investigated yet. The aim of this research is to establish layout guidelines for business process modeling that help business process modelers to create more understandable business process diagrams. For establishing benefits and penalties of different layouts, a controlled eye tracking experiment was conducted, in which data of 21 professional software developers was used. Our results show that horizontal layouts are less demanding and that as many diagram elements as possible should be put on the initially visible screen area because such diagram elements are viewed more often and longer. Additionally, diagram elements related to the reader’s task are read more often than those not relevant to the task. BPMN modelers should favor a horizontal layout and use a more complex snake or multi-line layout whenever the diagrams are too large to fit on one page in order to support BPMN model comprehension.
Real-time edge framework (RTEF): task scheduling and realisation
Authors: Gezer Volkan , Wagner Achim 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWith the big success of the Cloud Computing, or the Cloud, new research areas appeared. Edge Computing (EC) is one of the recent paradigms that is expected to overcome the Quality of Service (QoS) and latency issues caused by the best-effort behaviour of the Cloud. EC aims to bring the computation power close to the end devices as much as possible and reduce the dependency to the Cloud. Bringing computing power close to the source also enables real-time applications. In this paper, we propose a novel software reference architecture for Edge Servers, which is operating system (OS) and hardware-agnostic. Edge Servers can collaborate and execute (near) real-time tasks on time, either by downscaling or scheduling them according to their deadlines or offloading them to other Edge Servers in the network. Decision making for offloading, resource planning, and task scheduling are challenging problems in decentralized systems. The paper explains how resource planning and task scheduling can be overcome with software approach. Finally, the article realises the architecture as a framework, called Real-Time Edge Framework (RTEF) and validates its correctness with a use case.
Application of microwave radiation in the grafting of acidic sites on SBA-15 type material
Authors: Trejda Maciej , Drobnik Magdalena , Nurwita Ardian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMesoporous silica of SBA-15 type was modified for the first time with 3-(trihydroxysiyl)-1-propanesulfonic acid (TPS) by post-synthesis modification involving microwave or conventional heating in order to generate the Brønsted acidic centers on the material surface. The samples structure and composition were examined by low temperature N2 adsorption/desorption, XRD, HRTEM, elemental and thermal analyses. The surface properties were evaluated by esterification of acetic acid with n-hexanol used as the test reaction. A much higher efficiency of TPS species incorporation was reached with the application of microwave radiation for 1 h than conventional modification for 24 h. It was found that the structure of mesoporous support was preserved after modification using both methods applied in this study. Materials obtained with the use of microwave radiation showed a superior catalytic activity and high stability.
Dynamical similarity of multi-block catenary arches and rocking blocks subjected to horizontal base excitation
Authors: Ther Tamás , Kollár László P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the dynamical similarity of multi-block catenary arches and columns is discussed, which can be used for the simplified design of rocking arches. The basic hypothesis is that the dynamic response of multi-block arches and columns is similar when the shape of the arch follows the thrust line, i.e. it is a catenary arch. It is validated numerically that the responses of slender catenary arches are safe and reliable approximations of those of not slender arches and then that the overturning acceleration (response) spectra of rigid, slender monolithic blocks can be directly applied for catenary arches. The similarity is based on two parameters, on the limit peak ground acceleration (under which the structure will not move at all) and on the frequency parameter (defined by Housner for rigid blocks).
Loss sensitive investors and positively biased analysts in Hong Kong stock market
Authors: Choudhry Taufiq , Dissanaike Gishan , Jayasekera Ranadeva , Kang Woo-Young , Nnadi Matthias 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Hong Kong stock market is known to be highly volatile. Professional investors have a strong demand for timely information because of the infrequent nature of Hong Kong analysts’ interim reports (Cheng et al., 2003). Our paper provides a comprehensive study of investor reactions to analysts’ recommendations in the Hong Kong stock market from 2009 to 2014 under different sentiment scenarios. We find that analysts’ recommendation upgrades and downgrades deliver significant information to the Hong Kong stock market. However, analysts’ initiation coverages convey little information and bring about limited impact to the stock market. In addition, analysts’ upgrades and downgrades result in significant differential price impacts in bullish and the bearish phases.
Improving Institutional Evaluation Methods: Comparing Three Evaluations Using PSM, Exact and Coarsened Exact Matching
Authors: Blankenberger Bob , Gehlhausen Anderson Sophia , Lichtenberger Eric 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPolicymakers and institutional leaders in higher education too often make decisions based on descriptive data analyses or even anecdote when better analysis options could produce more nuanced and more valuable results. Employing the setting of higher education program evaluation at a midwestern regional public university, for this study we compared analysis approaches using basic descriptive analyses, regression, standard propensity score matching (PSM), and a mixture of PSM with continuous variables, coarsened exact matching, and exact matching on categorical variables. We used three examples of program evaluations: a freshman seminar, an upper division general education program intended to improve cultural awareness and respect for diverse groups, and multiple living learning communities. We describe how these evaluations were conducted, compare the different results for each type of method employed, and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each in the context of program evaluation.
A radical relationist solution to the problem of intentional inexistence
Authors: Marchesi Andrea 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe problem of intentional inexistence arises because the following (alleged) intuitions are mutually conflicting: it seems that sometimes we think about things that do not exist; it seems that intentionality is a relation between a thinker and what such a thinker thinks about; it seems that relations entail the existence of what they relate. In this paper, I argue for what I call a radical relationist solution. First, I contend that the extant arguments for the view that relations entail the existence of their relata are wanting. In this regard, I defend a kind of pluralism about relations according to which more than one kind of relation involves non-existents. Second, I contend that there are reasons to maintain that all thoughts are relations between thinkers and the things they are about. More accurately, I contend that the radical relationist solution is to be preferred to both the intentional content solution (as developed by Crane) and the adverbial property solution (as developed by Kriegel). Finally, I argue that once the distinction between thinking “X” and thinking about X has been drawn, the radical relationist solution can handle issues like ontological commitment, substitutivity failure, scrutability, and non-specificity.
Blame as performance
Authors: Simion Mona 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper develops a novel account of the nature of blame: on this account, blame is a species of performance with a constitutive aim. The argument for the claim that blame is an action is speech-act theoretic: it relies on the nature of performatives and the parallelism between mental and spoken blame. I argue that the view scores well on prior plausibility and theoretical fruitfulness, in that: it rests on claims that are widely accepted across sub-disciplines, it explains the normativity of blaming and it accounts for associated psychological phenomena.
Results of a hospitalization policy of asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic COVID-19-positive long-term care facility residents in the province of Salzburg—a report from the AGMT COVID-19 Registry
Authors: Huemer Florian , Rinnerthaler Gabriel , Jörg Benedikt , Morre Patrick , Stegbuchner Birgit , Proksch Elisabeth , Fleimisch Stefanie , Oberkofler Hannes , Kremser Iris , Greil Richard , Egle Alexander 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCOVID-19-associated case fatality rates up to 48% were reported among nursing facility residents. During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, routine SARS-CoV-2 testing in long-term care facilities in the Province of Salzburg and centralized hospitalization in the COVID-19 unit of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg (Austria) irrespective of symptoms was implemented. Baseline characteristics and the course of COVID-19 disease were assessed among hospitalized long-term care facility residents within the COVID-19 Registry of the Austrian Group Medical Tumor Therapy (AGMT; NCT04351529). Between the 24thof March and the 20thof April 2020, 50 COVID-19-positive residents were hospitalized. The median age was 84.5 years (range: 79–88) and the median number of comorbidities and baseline medication classes was 6 (IQR: 4–7) and 5 (IQR: 3–6), respectively. At admission, 31 residents (62%) were symptomatic, nine residents (18%) pre-symptomatic whereas ten residents (20%) remained asymptomatic. The 30-day mortality rate from hospitalization was 32% and significantly higher in symptomatic residents at admission when compared to asymptomatic residents including pre-symptomatic residents (48% [95% CI: 27–63%] versus 5% [95% CI: 0–15%],p=0.006). The Early Warning Score (EWS) at admission was associated with 30-day mortality: high risk: 100%, intermediate risk: 50% (95% CI: 0–78%), and low risk: 21% (95% CI: 7-32%) (p<0.001). In light of comparably low mortality rates between asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic hospitalized COVID-19-positive residents, we suggest the supply of comparable intensity and quality of monitoring and care in long-term care facilities as an alternative to immediate hospitalization upon a positive COVID-19 test in asymptomatic residents.
Analytical Sociology and Symbolic Interactionism: Bridging the Intra-disciplinary Divide
Authors: Azarian Reza 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe aim of the present article is to contribute to the development of the Desire-Belief-Opportunity-model from a symbolic interactionist perspective. The main argument is that this model needs to incorporate the classical notion ofdefinition of the situationto be able to account for the formative impact of interaction on the formation of actor’s beliefs, as well as the complex interdependency between two of its key components, namely the beliefs and the action opportunities of the actor. It is argued that the theoretical advancement of the DBO-model in this particular direction is not only feasible but also brings it considerably closer to the analytical refinement and the empirical validation it currently lacks.
Sex differences in personality scores on six scales: Many significant, but mostly small, differences
Authors: Furnham Adrian , Treglown Luke 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study examined sex differences in domain and facet scores from six personality tests in various large adult samples. The aim was to document differences in large adult groups which might contribute new data to this highly contentious area. We reported on sex differences on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI); the Five Factor NEO-PI-R; the Hogan Personality Indicator (HPI); the Motives and Values Preferences Indicator (MVPI); the Hogan Development Survey (HDS) and the High Potential Trait Indicator (HPTI). Using multivariate ANOVAs we found that whilst there were many significant differences on these scores, which replicated other studies, the Cohen’s d statistic showed very few (3 out of 130) differences &gt;.50. Results from each test were compared and contrasted, particularly where they are measuring the same trait construct. Implications and limitations for researchers interested in assessment and selection are discussed.
Quantifying the concentration dependence of sedimentation coefficients for globular macromolecules: a continuing age-old problem
Authors: Winzor Donald J. , Dinu Vlad , Scott David J. , Harding Stephen E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis retrospective investigation has established that the early theoretical attempts to directly incorporate the consequences of radial dilution into expressions for variation of the sedimentation coefficient as a function of the loading concentration in sedimentation velocity experiments require concentration distributions exhibiting far greater precision than that achieved by the optical systems of past and current analytical ultracentrifuges. In terms of current methods of sedimentation coefficient measurement, until such improvement is made, the simplest procedure for quantifying linear s-c dependence (or linear concentration dependence of 1/s) for dilute systems therefore entails consideration of the sedimentation coefficient obtained by standard c(s), g*(s) or G(s) analysis) as an average parameter ($$ \overline{s} $$

s
¯

) that pertains to the corresponding mean plateau concentration (following radial dilution) ($$ \overline{c} $$

c
¯

) over the range of sedimentation velocity distributions used for the determination of $$ \overline{s} $$

s
¯

. The relation of this with current descriptions of the concentration dependence of the sedimentation and translational diffusion coefficients is considered, together with a suggestion for the necessary improvement in the optical system.
A memetic discrete differential evolution algorithm for the distributed permutation flow shop scheduling problem
Authors: Zhao Fuqing , Hu Xiaotong , Wang Ling , Li Zekai 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe distributed manufacturing has become a prevail production mode under the economic globalization. In this article, a memetic discrete differential evolution (MDDE) algorithm is proposed to address the distributed permutation flow shop scheduling problem (DPFSP) with the minimization of the makespan. An enhanced NEH (Nawaz–Enscore–Ham) method is presented to produce potential candidate solutions and Taillard’s acceleration method is adopted to ameliorate the operational efficiency of the MDDE. A new discrete mutation strategy is introduced to promote the search efficiency of the MDDE. Four neighborhood structures, which are based on job sequence and factory assignment adjustment mechanisms, are introduced to prevent the candidates from falling the local optimum during the search process. A neighborhood search mechanism is selected adaptively through a knowledge-based strategy which focuses on the adaptive evaluation for the neighborhood selection. The optimal combinations of parameters in the MDDE algorithm are testified by the design of experiment. The computational results and comparisons demonstrated the effectiveness of the MDDE algorithm for solving the DPFSP.
Hydrologic Changes Drove the Late Miocene Expansion of C4 Grasslands on the Northern Indian Subcontinent
Authors: Polissar Pratigya J. , Uno Kevin T. , Phelps Samuel R. , Karp Allison T. , Freeman Katherine H. , Pensky Jennifer L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractModern tropical and subtropical C4 grasslands and savannas were established during the late‐Miocene and Pliocene, over 20 Myr after evolutionary originations of the C4 photosynthetic pathway. This lag suggests environmental factors first limited and then favored C4 plants. Here, we examine the timing and drivers for the establishment of C4 grasslands on the Indian Subcontinent using carbon and hydrogen isotope signatures of plant‐wax n‐alkanes recovered from turbidites in the Bengal Fan. Like prior studies, we find C4 ecosystems in the Ganges‐Brahmaputra catchment first emerged at 7.4 Ma and subsequently expanded between 6.9 to ∼6.0 Ma. Hydrogen isotope values varied from 10.2 to 7.4 Ma and then increased after 7.4, which suggests intermittent drying began before the establishment of C4 grasslands with further drying at the onset of C4 expansion. Synthesis of published plant fossil data from the Siwalik Group of the Himalayan foreland basin documents an ecosystem trajectory from evergreen tropical forests to seasonally deciduous forests, and then expansive C4 grasslands. This trajectory coincided with a seasonally uneven drying trend due to both increased evaporation of plant leaf and soil waters and reduced rainfall, as identified in soil carbonate and tooth enamel data sets. Collectively the fossil, biomarker, and isotopic evidence reveal the development of modern C4 ecosystems on the Indian Subcontinent followed a series of ecosystem transformations driven by drying and fire feedbacks, and possibly declining atmospheric pCO2, beginning at 10.2 Ma and strengthening through the late Miocene.
Search‐free direction‐of‐arrival estimation for transmit beamspace multiple‐input multiple‐output radar via tensor modelling and polynomial rooting
Authors: Xu Feng , Yang Xiaopeng , Lan Tian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn order to improve the accuracy and resolution for transmit beamspace (TB) multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) radar, a search‐free direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) estimation method based on tensor modelling and polynomial rooting is proposed. In the proposed method, a 3‐order tensor is designed to model the received signal of TB MIMO radar on the basis of the multi‐linear property. The factor matrix with target DOA information is obtained by tensor decomposition via alternating least squares algorithm, and subsequently the DOA estimation is converted to independent minimisation of the virtual transmit beampattern for TB MIMO radar. By exploiting the Vandermonde structure of the transmit steering matrix, a polynomial function is constructed to solve the minimisation problem via polynomial rooting. The proposed method can fully take advantage of the TB technique and tensor modelling, and it requires no spectrum searching, which is different from the existing DOA estimation techniques for TB MIMO radar. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulations.
Eucalyptus robusta (swamp mahogany).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

E. robusta is a medium to large tree and is capable of rapid early growth in suitable environments. This species has a broad environmental amplitude, and is planted widely outside of Australia in equatorial to cool temperate regions. E. robusta is best known as a plantation species in the Madagascar highlands, but also in the USA (Hawaii, Florida, California) and Central America (Puerto Rico). E. robusta may tolerate adverse conditions and is especially useful on sites subject to prolonged flooding. It is moderately salt-tolerant. This species is often used as a shade tree, an ornamental, in shelter belts and in water catchment rehabilitation. The wood of E. robusta is a good fuel and is commonly used for charcoal production. It is durable and is used in the round for posts and poles. Sawn timber can be used for general construction but requires kiln-seasoning to avoid degradation during drying. It is possible to use E. robusta as a source of pulpwood for paper making but other eucalypts are usually preferred.
Sex differences in the physical performance, physiological, and psycho‐cognitive responses to military operational stress
Authors: Conkright William R. , O'Leary Thomas J. , Wardle Sophie L. , Greeves Julie P. , Beckner Meaghan E. , Nindl Bradley C. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTCombat roles are physically demanding and expose service personnel to operational stressors such as high levels of physical activity, restricted nutrient intake, sleep loss, psychological stress, and environmental extremes. Women have recently integrated into combat roles, but our knowledge of the physical, physiological, and psycho‐cognitive responses to these operational stressors in women is limited. The aim of this narrative review was to evaluate the evidence for sex‐specific physical, physiological, and psycho‐cognitive responses to real, and simulated, military operational stress. Studies examining physical and cognitive performance, body composition, metabolism, hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal axis, and psychological health outcomes were evaluated. These studies report that women expend less energy and lose less body mass and fat‐free mass, but not fat mass, than men. Despite having similar physical performance decrements as men during operational stress, women experience greater physiological strain than men completing the same physical tasks, but this may be attributed to differences in fitness. From limited data, military operational stress suppresses hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal, but not hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal, axis function in both sexes. Men and women demonstrate different psychological and cognitive responses to operational stress, including disturbances in mood, with women having a higher risk of post‐traumatic stress symptoms compared with men. Based on current evidence, separate strategies to maximize selection and combat training are not warranted until further data directly comparing men and women are available. However, targeted exercise training programmes may be advisable to offset the physical performance gap between sexes and optimize performance prior to inevitable declines caused by intense military operations.