bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring family resilience of Chinese family caregivers: Psychometric evaluation of the Family Resilience Assessment Scale
Authors: Chu Amanda M. Y. , Tsang Jenny T. Y. , Tiwari Agnes , Yuk Helina , So Mike K. P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo validate the Family Resilience Assessment Scale (FRAS) in Chinese family caregivers.BackgroundCaregiver burden among family caregivers is a growing social issue. Family resilience is a crucial protective factor for easing caregiver burden. The FRAS is specifically designed to evaluate family resilience. However, the factor structure and validity of the FRAS have not yet been examined among Chinese family caregivers.MethodData were collected from 323 Chinese family caregivers. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were adopted to determine the factor structure and model fit. Concurrent validity and internal consistency were also studied.ResultsEFA analysis yielded a 42‐item five‐factor structure of the FRAS, which demonstrated satisfactory model fit by CFA analysis. The five‐factor model FRAS also showed adequate concurrent validity and internal consistency (α = 0.724–0.963).ConclusionThe proposed five‐factor FRAS is likely a valid and reliable scale for evaluating the family resilience level of family caregivers in Chinese communities.ImplicationsThe present study recommends the use of the FRAS in family caregiving research to facilitate intervention development by social professionals for promoting family resilience and reducing caregiver burden in Chinese communities.
Real‐world experience on the tolerability and safety of emicizumab prophylaxis in paediatric patients with severe haemophilia A with and without FVIII inhibitors
Authors: Hassan Eman , Jonathan Lancashire , Jayashree Motwani 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundEmicizumab is a bispecific monoclonal antibody that bridges activated factor (F) IX and FX, and maintains haemostasis in patients with haemophilia A (PwHA). As a novel agent, many questions remain unanswered about the loss of emicizumab efficacy due to anti‐drug antibody (ADA) development, the incidence of inhibitor recurrence in previously tolerized patients, and the risk of de novo inhibitor development.AimTo present real‐world experience regarding tolerability, side effects, and outcomes of adverse events of emicizumab prophylaxis in paediatric PwHA.MethodsData on tolerability, compliance, adverse events, and laboratory results of paediatric patients receiving emicizumab prophylaxis, treated at the Haemophilia Comprehensive Care Centre, at Birmingham Children's Hospital between March 2018 and June 2021, were collected.ResultsOur results showed that out of 52 patients, four experienced minor adverse events, two developed headaches, one developed abdominal pain and nausea, and one developed injection site reactions. Moreover, four patients experienced major adverse events, including severe headaches, major bleeding events, development of ADAs, and recurrence of inhibitors. Emicizumab prophylaxis was discontinued in three patients (5.7% of the cohort) due to adverse events. In addition, emicizumab was discontinued in one patient because of poor compliance. No adverse events were reported in previously untreated/minimally treated patients, represented by four patients in our cohort.ConclusionsThe real‐world experience of emicizumab prophylaxis in our cohort showed that emicizumab was safe and well tolerated in paediatric PwHA with and without inhibitors. Long‐term assessment is crucial to monitor major adverse events, recurrence of inhibitors, and development of ADAs.
Effects of non‐viableLactobacillus reutericombining with 14‐day standard triple therapy onHelicobacter pylorieradication: A randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Yang Chenghai , Liang Liping , Lv Pinjing , Liu Le , Wang Siqi , Wang Zhiqing , Chen Ye 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundViable probiotics have shown effects on the eradication ofHelicobacter pylori, but the role of non‐viable probiotics inH.pylorieradication is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of non‐viableLactobacillus reuteriDSM17648 combining with 14‐day standard triple therapy onH.pylorieradication.Materials and MethodsTwo hundred treatment‐naiveH.pylori‐positive adult patients were randomized equally to receive non‐viableL.reuteriDSM17648 (LR group) or placebo for 4 weeks, with the latter 2 weeks treated together with triple therapy. The Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) was completed before and after treatment. Stool samples were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing at week0, week2, and week8.ResultsEradication rates in the LR group and the placebo group were 81.8% and 83.7% in ITT analysis (p = 0.730), 86.2% and 87.2% in PP analysis (p = 0.830), respectively. After treatment, the mean GSRS score decreased significantly in the LR group as compared with the placebo group (1.9 ± 0.2 vs. 2.7 ± 0.3;p = 0.030). Significantly less patients in the LR group as compared with the placebo group reported abdominal distention (5.1% vs. 16.3%;p = 0.010) and diarrhea (11.1% vs. 23.5%;p = 0.022). The relative abundance ofProteobacteriaphylum andEscherichia‐Shigellagenus in the placebo group was about 4.0‐fold and 8.1‐fold of that in the LR group at wk2, respectively. Significant changes of diversity and enhancements ofFusicatenibacter,Subdoligranulum, andFaecalibacteriumwere observed in the LR group compared with the placebo group.ConclusionsSupplementation of non‐viableL.reuteriDSM17648 with triple therapy did not improve the eradication rate ofH.pylori, but it helped to build up a beneficial microbial profile and reduced the frequencies of abdominal distention, diarrhea, and the GSRS score.
Young adults' healthcare utilisation and healthcare needs: Perceptions and experiences of healthcare providers
Authors: Viktorsson Lisa , Törnvall Eva , Falk Magnus , Wåhlin Ingrid , Yngman‐Uhlin Pia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundHealth care in many countries entails long waiting times. Avoidable healthcare visits by young adults have been identified as one probable cause.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore healthcare providers' experiences and opinions about young adults' healthcare utilisation in the first line of care.MethodThis study used latent qualitative conventional content analysis with focus groups. Four healthcare units participated: two primary healthcare centres and two emergency departments. This study included 36 participants, with 4–7 participants in each group, and a total of 21 registered nurses and 15 doctors. All interviews followed an interview guide.ResultsData were divided into eight categories, which all contained the implicit theme of distribution of responsibility between the healthcare provider and the healthcare user. Young adult healthcare consumers were considered to be highly influenced by external resources, often greatly concerned with small/vague symptoms they had difficulty explaining and unable to wait with. The healthcare provider's role was much perceived as being part of a healthcare structure—a large organisation with multiple units—and having to meet different priorities while also considering ethical dilemmas, though feeling supported by experience.ConclusionHealthcare personnel view young adults as transferring too much of the responsibility of staying healthy to the healthcare system. The results of this study show that the discussion of young adults unnecessarily seeking health care includes an underlying discussion of scarcity of resources.Patient or Public ContributionThe conduct of this study is based on interviews with young adult patients about their experiences of seeking healthcare.
Characterization of HIV‐1 drug resistance among patients with failure of second‐line combined antiretroviral therapy in central Ethiopia
Authors: Tufa Tafese Beyene , Fuchs Andre , Orth Hans Martin , Lübke Nadine , Knops Elena , Heger Eva , Jarso Godana , Hurissa Zewdu , Eggers Yannik , Häussinger Dieter , Luedde Tom , Jensen Björn‐Erik Ole , Kaiser Rolf , Feldt Torsten 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAs a consequence of the improved availability of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in resource‐limited countries, an emergence of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) has been observed. We assessed the prevalence and spectrum of HIVDR in patients with failure of second‐line cART at two HIV clinics in central Ethiopia.MethodsHIV drug resistance was analysed in HIV‐1‐infected patients with virological failure of second‐line cART using the geno2pheno application.ResultsAmong 714 patients receiving second‐line cART, 44 (6.2%) fulfilled the criteria for treatment failure and 37 were eligible for study inclusion. Median age was 42 years [interquartile range (IQR): 20–45] and 62.2% were male. At initiation of first‐line cART, 23 (62.2%) were WHO stage III, mean CD4 cell count was 170.6 (range: 16–496) cells/µL and median (IQR) HIV‐1 viral load was 30 220 (7963–82 598) copies/mL. Most common second‐line cART regimens at the time of failure were tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)‐lamivudine (3TC)‐ritonavir‐boosted atazanavir (ATV/r) (19/37, 51.4%) and zidovudine (ZDV)‐3TC‐ATV/r (9/37, 24.3%).Genotypic HIV‐1 resistance testing was successful in 35 (94.6%) participants. We found at least one resistance mutation in 80% of patients and 40% carried a protease inhibitor (PI)‐associated mutation. Most common mutations were M184V (57.1%), Y188C (25.7%), M46I/L (25.7%) and V82A/M (25.7%). High‐level resistance against the PI ATV (10/35, 28.6%) and lopinavir (LPV) (5/35, 14.3%) was reported. As expected, no resistance mutations conferring integrase inhibitor resistance were detected.ConclusionsWe found a high prevalence of resistance mutations, also against PIs (40%), as the national standard second‐line cART components. Resistance testing before switching to second‐ or third‐line cART is warranted.
Could mouth rinses be an adjuvant in the treatment of SARS‐CoV‐2 patients? An appraisal with a systematic review
Authors: Gandhi Gargi , Thimmappa Latha , Upadhya Nagaraja , Carnelio Sunitha 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveA wide variety of mouth rinses are available to combat micro‐organisms in the oral cavity. At the present global pandemic, the need of the hour is to control the viral infection due to the novel corona virus SARS‐COV‐2, as its port of entry is through the receptors located in the oral and pharyngeal mucosa. This systematic literature review focuses on the in vivo studies [randomized control trials (RCTs)] done on the efficacy of existing mouth rinses which have been used in reducing the viral loads.MethodsThe electronic database which includes PubMed‐MEDLINE, Google scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, ProQuest and CINAHL was searched from December 2019 to June 2021 with appropriate Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and Boolean operators. Two reviewers independently reviewed the abstracts.ResultsOf the 2438 retrieved titles, 905 remained after removing duplicates. Twelve articles were eligible to be included in this review of which seven were randomized with adequate sample size.ConclusionsMouth washes containing povidone iodine and chlorhexidine decrease the viral load transiently. Large amount of in vivo studies are of paramount importance, especially RCTs, to prove the efficacy of these mouth rinses.
New insights into genetic characteristics between multiple myeloma and COVID‐19: An integrative bioinformatics analysis of gene expression omnibus microarray and the cancer genome atlas data
Authors: Wang Fei , Liu Ran , Yang Jie , Chen Baoan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundMultiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection correlates with MM features. This study aimed to identify MM prognostic biomarkers with potential association with COVID‐19.MethodsDifferentially expressed genes (DEGs) in five MM data sets (GSE47552, GSE16558, GSE13591, GSE6477, and GSE39754) with the same expression trends were screened out. Functional enrichment analysis and the protein‐protein interaction network were performed for all DEGs. Prognosis‐associated DEGs were screened using the stepwise Cox regression analysis in the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) MMRF‐CoMMpass cohort and the GSE24080 data set. Prognosis‐associated DEGs associated with COVID‐19 infection in the GSE164805 data set were also identified.ResultsA total of 98 DEGs with the same expression trends in five data sets were identified, and 83 DEGs were included in the protein‐protein interaction network. Cox regression analysis identified 16 DEGs were associated with MM prognosis in the TCGA cohort, and only the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C (COX6C) gene (HR = 1.717, 95% CI 1.231–2.428, p = .002) and the nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) gene (HR = 0.882, 95% CI 0.798–0.975, p = .014) were independent factors related to MM prognosis in the GSE24080 data set. Both of them were downregulated in patients with mild COVID‐19 infection compared with controls but were upregulated in patients with severe COVID‐19 compared with patients with mild illness.ConclusionsThe NOD2 and COX6C genes might be used as prognostic biomarkers in MM. The two genes might be associated with the development of COVID‐19 infection.
Stigma in the media: Investigating journalism students attitudes towards mental illness
Authors: Burns Shawn , Tapsell Amy , Perlman Dana , Patterson Christopher , Moxham Lorna 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTGiven the profound role that media play in public opinion, there exists an ongoing necessity to understand the portrayal of mental illness by journalists. There is a plethora of studies that have examined how mental illness is portrayed in the media, but few studies have sought to understand what journalist opinions about mental illness are, and none could be found regarding journalism students’ opinions. This study aimed to bridge this gap by examining journalism student’s attitudes towards mental illness using the Social Distance Scale (SDS). This study adheres to STROBE guidelines for cross‐sectional studies. One hundred and seventy‐two undergraduate journalism students (n = 172) completed the SDS with findings suggesting that students had moderate stigmatizing attitudes, with varying degrees of stigma present depending on the social context. Positively framed reporting and constructive media coverage surrounding mental illness may be improved by shared communication and education with health professionals who specialize in mental health: mental health nurses.
Nurses’ experiences of emergency care for undocumented migrants who travel by boats
Authors: Granero‐Molina José , Jiménez‐Lasserrotte Maria del Mar , Fernández‐Medina Isabel María , Ruiz‐Fernández María Dolores , Hernández‐Padilla José Manuel , Fernández‐Sola Cayetano 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of our study is to describe and understand the experiences of nurses providing emergency care to undocumented migrants who arrive in Spain in small boats.BackgroundSpain receives thousands of undocumented migrants every year who arrive by sea. Provision of appropriate emergency care to undocumented migrants is a public health problem.IntroductionNurses, along with other health care providers, such as doctors or cultural mediators, make up the Spanish Red Cross Emergency Response Team. Nurses, in particular, are associated with all phases of emergency care to undocumented migrants who arrive in small boats, offering first aid as well as clinical and humanitarian care.MethodsQualitative descriptive study. Seventeen nurses from the Spanish Red Cross Emergency Response Team participated in face‐to‐face interviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data.FindingsThree main themes emerged: (i) guaranteeing comprehensive emergency care, (ii) the nurse, the key member of the multidisciplinary care team for undocumented migrants and (iii) ‘making a difference’, volunteering as a nurse's role.ConclusionsNurses try to guarantee comprehensive care provision for undocumented migrants, even though they face stigma, ethical concerns or an impossibility to prescribe pharmacological treatments. Personalised care, more time and protocols, better training and the incorporation of debriefing are elements that are required to improve the emergency care given to undocumented migrants.Implications for nursing and health policyInstitutions must develop policies to support provsion of emergency care to undocumented migrants. A public health issue cannot depend upon volunteer healthcare providers. Governments must guarantee funding, training and established care teams. Understanding nurses’ experiences could increase awareness of the problem, reduce stigma and improve the comprehensive emergency care provided to undocumented migrants.
Role of labor demand in the labor market effects of a pension reform
Authors: Geyer Johannes , Haan Peter , Lorenz Svenja , Zwick Thomas , Bruns Mona 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper shows that labor demand plays an important role in the labor market reactions to a pension reform in Germany. Employers with a high share of older worker inflow compared with their younger worker inflow, employers in sectors with few investments in research and development, and employers in sectors with a high share of collective bargaining agreements allow their employees to stay employed longer after the reform. These employers offer their older employees partial retirement instead of forcing them into unemployment before early retirement because the older employees incur low substitution costs and high dismissal costs.
A sociotechnical view of algorithmic fairness
Authors: Dolata Mateusz , Feuerriegel Stefan , Schwabe Gerhard 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlgorithmic fairness (AF) has been framed as a newly emerging technology that mitigates systemic discrimination in automated decision‐making, providing opportunities to improve fairness in information systems (IS). However, based on a state‐of‐the‐art literature review, we argue that fairness is an inherently social concept and that technologies for AF should therefore be approached through a sociotechnical lens. We advance the discourse on AF as a sociotechnical phenomenon. Our research objective is toembed AF in the sociotechnical view of IS. Specifically, we elaborate on why outcomes of a system that uses algorithmic means to assure fairness depend on mutual influences between technical and social structures. This perspective can generate new insights that integrate knowledge from both technical fields and social studies. Further, it spurs new directions for IS debates. We contribute as follows: First, we problematize fundamental assumptions in the current discourse on AF based on a systematic analysis of 310 articles. Second, we respond to these assumptions by theorizing AF as a sociotechnical construct. Third, we propose directions for IS researchers to enhance their impacts by pursuing a unique understanding of sociotechnical AF. We call for and undertake a holistic approach to AF. A sociotechnical perspective on AF can yield holistic solutions to systemic biases and discrimination.
Psychological impacts and online interventions of social isolation amongst older adults during COVID‐19 pandemic: A scoping review
Authors: Rodrigues Natalie Grace , Han Claudia Qin Yun , Su Ya , Klainin‐Yobas Piyanee , Wu Xi Vivien 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo summarise the psychological impacts of social isolation amongst older adults during COVID‐19 and review the benefits and limitations of online interventions used to combat social isolation.DesignA scoping review was performed.Data SourcesA systematic search was performed from October 2020 to January 2021 in seven electronic databases: China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), PubMed, EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. A hand search of the reference lists of included papers and WHO publications was performed. Grey literature search was carried out from Scopus, ProQuest Dissertation and Google Scholar.Review MethodsStudies were screened, appraised and extracted independently by two reviewers. Thematic analysis was used to synthesise data, which were presented in a descriptive manner and organised into categories and themes.ResultsTotally, 33 studies were included. Four themes and eight sub‐themes emerged: (1) negative impacts and experiences of older adults during social isolation, (2) adopting coping behaviours in the midst of COVID‐19, (3) online interventions to combat the consequences of social isolation, (4) barriers to online intervention.ConclusionThe COVID‐19 pandemic has taken an emotional toll on older adults’ psychological wellbeing and has highlighted the untapped strengths of older adults facing isolation. Online interventions, which could be a new normal in the COVID era, were beneficial in combating social isolation. Strategies by various stakeholders were recommended to tackle the barriers of online interventions.ImpactWith the COVID‐19 pandemic still in progress, this review provides insights on the psychological impacts of social isolation amongst older adults. Nurses in the community and long‐term care facilities could adopt strategies and online intervention to better support the older adults, contribute to a stronger COVID‐19 response and support system, and an overall better road to recovery from this crisis.
A Delphi study identifying operating room nurses’ non‐technical skills
Authors: Sirevåg Irene , Tjoflåt Ingrid , Hansen Britt Sætre 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo identify the non‐technical skills of operating room nurses. This is the first empirical study that includes scrub and circulating operating room nurses.DesignA three‐round modified online Delphi technique was used for this study.MethodsEligible participants (n = 106) with a minimum of 2 years of operating room nursing experience were selected for the expert panel by self‐recruitment from a population (N = 1640) of operating room nurses. Data were collected through online surveys, based on crew recourse management theory, between April and September 2020. Descriptive statistics analysis was used for the quantitative data, and deductive thematic analysis for the qualitative data. Consensus was determined using stability between the survey rounds.ResultsA consensus was obtained to maintain the non‐technical skills categories of situation awareness, leadership, decision‐making, communication and teamwork. The qualitative data revealed several novel non‐technical skills, including independent decision‐making and leadership skills.ConclusionThe non‐technical skills of operating room nurses are more extensive than previously identified. This study has contributed to a verbalization of the tacit knowledge and skills of the operating room nurses. In addition, a list of non‐technical skills that should be included in the education of operating room nurses to ensure patient safety in the operating room has been prepared.ImpactThis study addresses the lack of research on the non‐technical skills of operating room nurses. When exploring the non‐technical skills of scrub and circulating nurses, a diversity of novel non‐technical skills was uncovered. This research will provide input for the development of a new training, supervision and assessment tool for accelerated development of the non‐technical skills of operating room nurses. This contribution to the verbalization of the formerly tacit non‐technical skills may facilitate clinical and formal teaching of such skills and may subsequently impact surgery‐related patient safety.