bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective effects and mechanisms of high-dose vitamin C on sepsis-associated cognitive impairment in rats
Authors: Zhang Ning , Zhao Wei , Hu Zhen-Jie , Ge Sheng-Mei , Huo Yan , Liu Li-Xia , Gao Bu-Lang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSepsis survivors present long-term cognitive deficits. The present study was to investigate the effect of early administration of high-dose vitamin C on cognitive function in septic rats and explore its possible cerebral protective mechanism. Rat sepsis models were established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Ten days after surgery, the Morris water maze test was performed to evaluate the behavior and cognitive function. Histopathologic changes in the hippocampus were evaluated by nissl staining. The inflammatory cytokines, activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase or SOD) and oxidative products (malondialdehyde or MDA) in the serum and hippocampus were tested 24 h after surgery. The activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) in the hippocampus were measured 24 h after surgery. Compared with the sham group in the Morris water maze test, the escape latency of sepsis rats was significantly (P = 0.001) prolonged in the navigation test, whereas the frequency to cross the platform and the time spent in the target quadrant were significantly (P = 0.003) reduced. High-dose vitamin C significantly decreased the escape latency (P = 0.01), but increased the time spent in the target quadrant (P = 0.04) and the frequency to cross the platform (P = 0.19). In the CLP+ saline group, the pyramidal neurons were reduced and distributed sparsely and disorderly, the levels of inflammatory cytokines of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 in the serum and hippocampus were significantly increased (P = 0.000), the blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability in the hippocampus was significantly (P = 0.000) increased, the activities of SOD in the serum and hippocampus were significantly (P = 0.000 and P = 0.03, respectively) diminished while the levels of MDA in the serum and hippocampus were significantly (P = 0.007) increased. High-dose vitamin C mitigated hippocampus histopathologic changes, reduced systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation, attenuated BBB disruption, inhibited oxidative stress in brain tissue, and up-regulated the expression of nuclear and total Nrf2 and HO-1. High-dose vitamin C significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor- (TNF)-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6), MDA in the serum and hippocampus, and the activity of MMP-9 in the hippocampus, but significantly (P < 0.05) increased the levels of SOD, the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) in the serum and hippocampus, and nuclear and total Nrf2, and HO-1 in the hippocampus. In conclusion, high-dose vitamin C can improve cognition impairment in septic rats, and the possible protective mechanism may be related to inhibition of inflammatory factors, alleviation of oxidative stress, and activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
Mating behaviour, mate choice and female resistance in the bean flower thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti)
Authors: Akinyemi Adeyemi O. , Subramanian Sevgan , Mfuti David K. , Pope Tom W. , Tamiru Amanuel , Kirk William D. J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMany species of thrips (Thysanoptera) in the family Thripidae form mating aggregations, but the adaptive significance of these aggregations and the extent of male and female mate choice is poorly understood. We studied the mating behaviour of the bean flower thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), which forms male aggregations and occurs across sub-Saharan Africa. We tested whether males choose mates by female age or mating status. No-choice mating bioassays with one male and one female were used to simulate the way males usually encounter only one female at a time in aggregations in the field. Virgin females violently resisted mating attempts by males, but we found no compelling evidence to establish whether this was indiscriminate or was screening suitable males. Younger males (1–2 days old) did not discriminate females by age (1–2 or 7–10 days old), but older males (7–10 days old) avoided mating with older females. Any male choice by female mating status (virgin or mated) was weak or absent. The mating behaviour of M. sjostedti shows broad similarities with that of other thrips species that form aggregations, but also shows some distinct and novel differences, which can help our understanding of the adaptive significance of aggregations.
Contaminant emissions as indicators of chemical elements in the snow along a latitudinal gradient in southern Andes
Authors: Pizarro Jaime , Vergara Pablo M. , Cerda Sergio , Cordero Raúl R. , Castillo Ximena , Rowe Penny M. , Casassa Gino , Carrasco Jorge , Damiani Alessandro , Llanillo Pedro J. , Lambert Fabrice , Rondanelli Roberto , Huneeus Nicolas , Fernandoy Francisco , Alfonso Juan , Neshyba Steven 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe chemical composition of snow provides insights on atmospheric transport of anthropogenic contaminants at different spatial scales. In this study, we assess how human activities influence the concentration of elements in the Andean mountain snow along a latitudinal transect throughout Chile. The concentration of seven elements (Al, Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn and Zn) was associated to gaseous and particulate contaminants emitted at different spatial scales. Our results indicate carbon monoxide (CO) averaged at 20 km and nitrogen oxide (NOx) at 40 km as the main indicators of the chemical elements analyzed. CO was found to be a significant predictor of most element concentrations while concentrations of Cu, Mn, Mg and Zn were positively associated to emissions of NOx. Emission of 2.5 μm and 10 μm particulate matter averaged at different spatial scales was positively associated to concentration of Li. Finally, the concentration of Zn was positively associated to volatile organic compounds (VOC) averaged at 40 km around sampling sites. The association between air contaminants and chemical composition of snow suggests that regions with intensive anthropogenic pollution face reduced quality of freshwater originated from glacier and snow melting.
Soil ammonia-oxidizing archaea in a paddy field with different irrigation and fertilization managements
Authors: Wang Limin , Huang Dongfeng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBecause ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) are ubiquitous and highly abundant in almost all terrestrial soils, they play an important role in soil nitrification. However, the changes in the structure and function of AOA communities and their edaphic drivers in paddy soils under different fertilization and irrigation regimes remain unclear. In this study, we investigated AOA abundance, diversity and activity in acid paddy soils by a field experiment. Results indicated that the highest potential ammonia oxidation (PAO) (0.011 μg NO
2
-
–N g-1 d.w.day-1) was found in T2 (optimal irrigation and fertilization)—treated soils, whereas the lowest PAO (0.004 μg NO
2
-
–N g-1 d.w.day-1) in T0 (traditional irrigation)- treated soils. Compared with the T0—treated soil, the T2 treatment significantly (P < 0.05) increased AOA abundances. Furthermore, the abundance of AOA was significantly (P < 0.01) positively correlated with pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), and PAO. Meanwhile, pH and SOC content were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the T2—treated soil than those in the T1 (traditional irrigation and fertilization)- treated soil. In addition, these two edaphic factors further influenced the AOA community composition. The AOA phylum Crenarchaeota was mainly found in the T2—treated soils. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that most of the identified OTUs of AOA were mainly affiliated with Crenarchaeota. Furthermore, the T2 treatment had higher rice yield than the T0 and T1 treatments. Together, our findings confirm that T2 might ameliorate soil chemical properties, regulate the AOA community structure, increase the AOA abundance, enhance PAO and consequently maintain rice yields in the present study.
Cochlear SGN neurons elevate pain thresholds in response to music
Authors: Dunbar R. I. M. , Pearce Eiluned , Tarr Bronwyn , Makdani Adarsh , Bamford Joshua , Smith Sharon , McGlone Francis 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe C-tactile (CLTM) peripheral nervous system is involved in social bonding in primates and humans through its capacity to trigger the brain’s endorphin system. Since the mammalian cochlea has an unusually high density of similar neurons (type-II spiral ganglion neurons, SGNs), we hypothesise that their function may have been exploited for social bonding by co-opting head movements in response to music and other rhythmic movements of the head in social contexts. Music provides one of many cultural behavioural mechanisms for ‘virtual grooming’ in that it is used to trigger the endorphin system with many people simultaneously so as to bond both dyadic relationships and large groups. Changes in pain threshold across an activity are a convenient proxy assay for endorphin uptake in the brain, and we use this, in two experiments, to show that pain thresholds are higher when nodding the head than when sitting still.
Association between chronic low back pain and degree of stress: a nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Choi Sungwoo , Nah Sangun , Jang Hae-Dong , Moon Ji Eun , Han Sangsoo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLow back pain (LBP) is a very common health problem worldwide, and has a major impact on quality of life. This is a cross-sectional study using data obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) to investigate the health and nutritional status of Korean people, conducted in 2013, 2014, and 2015. The total of 8,473 patients included in the analysis. A 357 (19.34%) subjects in the chronic LBP group and 1,697 (25.61%) subjects in the no chronic LBP group reported no stress (P < 0.001). The numbers of subjects reporting mild, moderate, and severe stress in the two groups were 934 (50.6%) vs. 3,785 (57.11%), 432 (23.4%) vs. 910 (13.73%), and 123 (6.66%) and 235 (3.55%), respectively (all P < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis with full adjustment for other variables indicated higher OR for severe stress (OR 2.82, P < 0.001) than moderate (OR 2.54, P < 0.001) and mild (OR 1.55, P < 0.001) stress. We confirmed that there was a significant association between chronic LBP and degree of stress. Therefore, the degree of stress should be assessed in clinical treatment of chronic LBP patients.
No association between alcohol consumption and pancreatic cancer even among individuals genetically susceptible to the carcinogenicity of alcohol
Authors: Shan Yan-Shen , Chen Li-Tzong , Wu Chih-Hsing , Chang Yin-Fan , Lee Chih-Ting , Chiang Nai-Jung , Chao Ying-Jui , Yen Chia-Jui , Tsai Hui-Jen , Huang Hsin-En , Tsai Chia-Rung , Weng Ya-Ling , Yang Han-Chien , Liu Hui-Chin , Chang Jeffrey S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInconsistent results have been reported for the association between alcohol use and pancreatic cancer, particularly at low levels of alcohol consumption. Individuals genetically susceptible to the carcinogenic effect of alcohol might have higher pancreatic cancer risk after drinking alcohol. The current study investigated the association between alcohol use and pancreatic cancer with 419 pancreatic cancer cases and 963 controls recruited by a hospital-based case–control study in Taiwan. Gene-environment interaction between alcohol use and polymorphisms of two ethanol-metabolizing genes, ADH1B and ALDH2, on pancreatic risk was evaluated. Our results showed no significant association between alcohol drinking and an increased pancreatic cancer risk, even at high levels of alcohol consumption. Even among those genetically susceptible to the carcinogenic effect of alcohol (carriers of ADH1B*2/*2(fast activity) combined with ALDH2*1/*2(slow activity) or ALDH2*2/*2(almost non-functional)), no significant association between alcohol use and pancreatic cancer was observed. Overall, our results suggested that alcohol drinking is not a significant contributor to the occurrence of pancreatic cancer in Taiwan.
Projections of salt intrusion in a mega-delta under climatic and anthropogenic stressors
Authors: Eslami Sepehr , Hoekstra Piet , Minderhoud Philip S. J. , Trung Nam Nguyen , Hoch Jannis M. , Sutanudjaja Edwin H. , Dung Do Duc , Tho Tran Quang , Voepel Hal E. , Woillez Marie-Noëlle , van der Vegt Maarten 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRising temperatures, rapid urbanization and soaring demand for natural resources threaten deltas worldwide and make them vulnerable to rising seas, subsidence, droughts, floods, and salt intrusion. However, climate change projections in deltas often address climate-driven stressors in isolation and disregard parallel anthropogenic processes, leading to insufficient socio-political drive. Here, using a combination of process-based numerical models that integrate both climatic and anthropogenic environmental stressors, we project salt intrusion within the Mekong mega-Delta, in the next three decades. We assess the relative effects of various drivers and show that anthropogenic forces such as groundwater extraction-induced subsidence and riverbed level incisions due to sediment starvation can increase the salinity-affected areas by 10–27% compared to the present-day situation, while future sea level rise adds another 6–19% increase. These projections provide crucial input for adaptation policy development in the Mekong Delta and the methodology inspires future systemic studies of environmental changes in other deltas.
An effective fault management scheme and comprehensive double line‐frequency ripple propagation analysis for MVDC networks
Authors: Sun Dongsen , Lu Xiaonan , Du Liang , Lu Fei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes an effective fault management scheme for medium‐voltage direct current (MVDC) networks, which includes a virtual‐impedance‐based fault current limiter (VI‐FCL) on the DC side and a positive‐negative‐sequence (PNS) control scheme on the AC side. Depending on the fault current value, different protection strategies are adopted, which include either isolating the fault by opening circuit breakers or riding through the fault with the proposed VI‐FCL. It is known that unbalanced grid voltage can be found in conventional AC distribution feeders due to unbalanced loading conditions among three phases. The unbalanced grid voltage could induce double line‐frequency (2ω) ripples on both DC voltage and current, which could thereby trigger protection malfunction in the DC sub‐sections. Therefore, the PNS control scheme is used to eliminate the 2ω ripples of both DC voltages and currents caused by unbalanced AC voltages. Furthermore, a detailed 2ω mathematical model of the MVDC network under unbalanced AC voltage condition is derived to investigate how the 2ω ripple propagates across the network. A voltage source converter based multi‐terminal MVDC network is built to test DC faults with different fault currents, unbalanced AC voltages, and different control schemes. The test results verify both the proposed fault management scheme and the 2ω ripple propagation analysis.
Climbing Performance in U23 and Professional Cyclists during a
Multi-stage Race
Authors: Leo Peter , Spragg James , Simon Dieter , Lawley Justin , Mujika Iñigo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyze climbing performance across two editions of
a professional multistage race, and assess the influence of climb category,
prior workload, and intensity measures on climbing performance in U23 and
professional cyclists. Nine U23 cyclists (age 20.8±0.9 years) and 8
professional cyclists (28.1±3.2 years) participated in this study. Data
were divided into four types: overall race performance, climb category, climbing
performance metrics (power output, ascent velocity, speed), and workload and
intensity measures. Differences in performance metrics and workload and
intensity measures between groups were investigated. Power output, ascent
velocity, speed were higher in professionals than U23 cyclists for Cat 1 and Cat
2 (p≤0.001–0.016). Workload and intensity measures
(Worktotal, Worktotal∙km-1,
Elevationgain, eTRIMP and eTRIMP∙km-1) were
higher in U23 compared to professionals (p=0.002–0.014).
Climbing performance metrics were significantly predicted by prior workload and
intensity measures for Cat 1 and 2 (R2=0.27–0.89,
p≤0.001–0.030) but not Cat 3. These findings reveal that
climbing performance in professional road cycling is influenced by climb
categorization as well as prior workload and intensity measures. Combined, these
findings suggest that Cat 1 and 2 climbing performance could be predicted from
workload and intensity measures.
Perylene Monoimide as a Versatile Fluoroprobe: The Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Roy Rupam , Khan Aasif , Chatterjee Oendrila , Bhunia Sukomal , Koner Apurba Lal 
Published: July 2021

Perylene dyes have transcended their role as simple colorants and have been reinvigorated as functional dyes. Based on the substitution at the peri-position by six-membered carboxylic imides, the perylene family is principally embellished with perylene diimides (PDIs) and perylene monoimides (PMIs). Perylene dyes are widely acclaimed and adorned on account of their phenomenal thermal, chemical, and photostability juxtaposed with their high absorption coefficient and near-unity fluorescence quantum yield. Although symmetric PDIs have always been in the limelight, their asymmetrical counterpart PMI is already rubbing shoulders, thanks to the consistent efforts of several scientific minds. Recently, there has been an upsurge in engendering PMI-based versatile organic architectures decked with intriguing photophysical properties and pertinent applications. In this review, the synthesis and photophysical features of various PMI-based derivatives along with their relevant applications in the arena of organic photovoltaics, photocatalysis, self-assembly, fluorescence sensing, and bio-imaging are accrued and expounded, hoping to enlighten the less delved but engrossing realm of PMIs.Table of content:1 Introduction2 Advantages of PMI over PDI3 Challenges in Working with PMI and Ways to Overcome4 Various Aspects of Reactivity of Different Positions5 Synthesis of the PMI core6 Synthesis of PMI Derivatives6.1 Bromination of PMI6.2 Synthesis of PMI Derivatives using Coupling Reactions6.2.1 Suzuki Coupling6.2.2 Sonogashira Coupling6.2.3 Buchwald–Hartwig Coupling Reaction6.3 Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions6.4 Peri-Annulation Reaction7 Photophysical Properties of PMI8 Singlet Fission Properties9 Förster Resonance Energy Transfer with PMI10 Symmetry Breaking Charge Transfer Properties11 Panchromatic Light Absorption Properties of PMI12 Acid/Base Sensitivity of PMI13 NIR-Absorbing PMI14 Achieving of Triplet State Using PMI15 Solid-State Emissive PMI16 Thermo-Responsive Materials with PMI17 Photo-Responsive PMI Derivatives18 Electrochemical Properties of Rylene Derivative19 Self-Assembling Properties of PMI Derivatives20 Applications of PMI in Solar Cells21 PMIs in Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells22 PMIs in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells23 PMI as a Fluorescent Reporter23.1 Application of PMI Derivatives for Bio-Imaging23.2 Hydrophilic PMIs for Bio-Imaging23.3 Aggregated PMI as NIR-Emissive Fluoroprobe for Bio-Imaging24 Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation using PMI25 PMI-Based Organocatalysis26 PMI Derivatives for Single-molecule Spectroscopy27 Host–Guest Chemistry with PMI28 Conclusions and Outlook
The Molecular Signature of High-intensity Training in the Human
Body
Authors: Wahl Patrick , Bloch Wilhelm , Proschinger Sebastian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHigh-intensity training is becoming increasingly popular outside of elite sport
for health prevention and rehabilitation. This expanded application of
high-intensity training in different populations requires a deeper understanding
of its molecular signature in the human body. Therefore, in this integrative
review, cellular and systemic molecular responses to high-intensity training are
described for skeletal muscle, cardiovascular system, and the immune system as
major effectors and targets of health and performance. Different kinds of
stimuli and resulting homeostatic perturbations (i. e., metabolic,
mechanical, neuronal, and hormonal) are reflected, taking into account their
role in the local and systemic deflection of molecular sensors and mediators,
and their role in tissue and organ adaptations. In skeletal muscle, a high
metabolic perturbation induced by high-intensity training is the major stimulus
for skeletal muscle adaptation. In the cardio-vascular system, high-intensity
training induces haemodynamic stress and deflection of the
Ca 2+ handling as major stimuli for
functional and structural adaptation of the heart and vessels. For the immune
system haemodynamic stress, hormones, exosomes, and O2 availability
are proposed stimuli that mediate their effects by alteration of different
signalling processes leading to local and systemic (anti)inflammatory responses.
Overall, high-intensity training shows specific molecular signatures that
demonstrate its high potential to improve health and physical performance.
Direct Access to S-Heterocycles by Scandium(III) Triflate Catalyzed Cyclization of Aromatic Thiols and Diols
Authors: Minakawa Maki , Minami Keisuke , Sato Yuya 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA simple and environmentally friendly method to prepare S-heterocycles by cyclization of aromatic thiols and diols with H2O as a byproduct is described. The Sc(OTf)3-catalyzed dehydrative cyclizations of aromatic thiols and diols provided the corresponding thiopyran and thiophene derivatives. Control experiments were also performed to obtain insights into the reaction pathway
Expertise of Surgeons Publishing Novel Techniques in the Journal of Wrist Surgery
Authors: Cohen Lara L. , Massel Dustin H. , Geller Joseph S. , Chen David L. , Dodds Seth D. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction Recent efforts to standardize reporting of surgeon experience in novel technique publications have recommended reporting of Tang level of expertise (LOE).
Question/Purpose The aim of this study was to document trends in LOE reporting for novel technique articles published in the Journal of Wrist Surgery and evaluate whether author experience affects novel research outcomes.
Methods A total of 261 articles published from 2018 to 2020 were reviewed. Articles describing novel surgical techniques were included and examined for Tang LOE. Author variables were collected online.
Results Eight percent (21/261) of articles discussed novel surgical techniques and one reported LOE. Nearly half (47.6%) of articles did not conduct statistical analysis. Four (19.0%) reported insignificant statistical results and 7 (33.3%) reported significant findings. All significant statistical findings were positive. Number of prior related publications by the senior author did not affect new technique result significance (p = 0.34).
Discussion From 2018 to 2020, only one article documented LOE. Authors' variables, including number of prior related publications, were not correlated with significant results in their new publications. This may suggest that an author's established experience in a novel technique, quantified by prior publications on the topic, does not make one more likely to achieve significantly better or worse outcomes in their reviewed Journal of Wrist Surgery study.
Conclusions Tang LOE is an important way for readers to classify expertise and should be reported, and potentially modified to better define contributing variables.