bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MRI of Perianal Crohn Disease
Authors: Santillan Cynthia S. , Huang Chenchan , Eisenstein Samuel , Al-Hawary Mahmoud M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as the imaging method of choice for evaluation of perianal fistulizing disease. As treatment of Crohn disease and associated perianal fistulas has evolved to include a combination of systemic treatments and surgical interventions, perianal MRI provides critical information to guide treatment selection and timing. Radiologists need to be familiar with the normal regional anatomy to accurately describe perianal fistulas and any associated complications which can then be used to classify fistulas based on several available classification systems. Following treatment, MRI can provide information that suggests treatment success or failure. We propose a perianal fistula reporting template that includes the necessary information to convey fistula complexity, guide treatment, and evaluate treatment response. This review article will also discuss the postoperative appearance of many treatments currently used for management of perianal fistulizing disease and some associated complications.
YouTube as a Source of Information for Craniofacial Distraction Osteogenesis
Authors: Coban Gokhan , Buyuk Suleyman Kutalmiş 
Published: February 2021

Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the content and quality of YouTube videos about distraction osteogenesis (DO) in the craniofacial region.

Methods:
The term “distraction osteogenesis” was searched on YouTube. After sorting by relevance, 80 videos were selected from 128 search results for analysis of general characteristics, primary purpose, information reliability, audiovisual quality, global quality scale (GQS), and viewers’ interaction index. Viewing rate formulae were calculated for each YouTube video. The Mann–Whitney U test and Spearman correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis.

Results:
We classified 22 (27.5%) of the 80 videos as moderate/high-content and 58 (72.5%) as low-content. Most YouTube videos about DO were uploaded by doctors (45%) and information about DO was the most covered topic (61%). Videos from commercial companies had significantly higher GQS scores than videos uploaded by other groups (P = 0.040). In low-information content videos, GQS was highly correlated with the number of likes, whereas in moderate/high-content videos it was highly correlated with viewing rates.

Conclusions:
YouTube is insufficient source of information about DO and academic institutions have more responsibility in developing this situation and directing patients to reliable social media or Internet sources.
Clinical Features of Bilambdoid and Sagittal Synostosis (BLSS): A Retrospective Multicenter Study in Japan
Authors: Tamada Ikkei , Hikosaka Makoto , Sakamoto Yoshiaki , Tsuda Kyoji , Ihara Satoshi , Kaneko Tsuyoshi , Kishi Kazuo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Bilambdoid and sagittal synostosis (BLSS), a rare form of multisutural craniosynostosis, is sometimes known as the Mercedes-Benz syndrome due to the appearance of the fused sagittal and bilateral lambdoid sutures. Although previous studies have described some of its clinical features, the pathology of this disease is not yet fully understood. Moreover, it has been pointed out that BLSS is more common among individuals of Hispanic ethnicity, but its incidence in Asia remains unclear. In the present study, BLSS cases in Japan were analyzed to determine the characteristics of the condition in Japan. Three hospitals in Tokyo participated in the present study. Patients with BLSS who underwent cranial remodeling were included. Data on patient demographics, clinical symptoms, status of the cranial sutures, morphological subclassification, surgical procedures, developmental status, and genetic mutations were analyzed. In total, 22 patients met the enrollment criteria and were included, indicating a higher incidence of BLSS in Japan than in other nations reported in previous studies. In terms of morphological subclassification, there were 15 brachycephalic, 4 dolichocephalic, and 3 normocephalic. For the initial cranial procedure, 7 patients underwent a single-stage cranioplasty, 13 underwent a posterior distraction, and 2 underwent lateral expansion. Patients with a normocephalic cranial morphology tended to undergo surgery at an older age than patients with the other two types. Appropriate timing for surgery is important for healthy development; hence, surgeons should remember that BLSS can lead to “balanced dysmorphism” that may have led to a delay in diagnosis due to its normal-looking morphology.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Using Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) With Bone Graft in the Reconstruction of Alveolar Cleft, A Prospective Study
Authors: Al-Mahdi Akmam H. , Abdulrahman Mustafa Salim , Al-Jumaily Hassanien Ahmed Hadi 
Published: February 2021

Clefts of the lip, alveolus, and palate are the most common congenital malformation of the orofacial region. Bone grafting of the alveolar cleft is necessary for rehabilitation of oral function. Platelet rich fibrin (PRF), an autologous fibrin matrix is a second-generation platelet concentrate that has a positive effect on bone healing.

Aim of the Study:
The aim of this prospective study is to investigate and evaluate the quality and quantity of the bone graft that mixed with PRF when used in reconstruction of alveolar cleft in terms of bone density and resorption rate of the bone graft.

Materials and Methods:
Sixteen patients with unilateral alveolar clefts were treated. The control group received bone grafts without PRF, while the remaining patients comprised the PRF group and received grafts with PRF. Postoperative bone graft density and rate of bone resorption were assessed by CBCT at 1 month and 6 months after surgery

Results:
Satisfactory bone bridging formation was observed in all patients and the mean of bone resorption in PRF group within 6 months after surgery lower than control group. The bone density of the PRF group was lower than that of the control group at 1st month, which later after 6 months increased to be more than the control group.

Conclusions:
Platelet rich fibrin that mixed with autogenous bone graft was significantly reduce postoperative bone resorption. PRF may provide a higher bone density in the long postoperative course.
Endoscopic Intranasal Marsupialization of the Isolated Mucocele in the Inferior Orbit
Authors: Lee Dong Hoo , Park Sung Yool , Jang JunHyuk , Park Seong Kook 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Isolated intraorbital mucocele without anatomical communication between the sinus and orbital cavity, and all orbital walls are intact is rare. It may lead to many orbital symptoms including proptosis, diplopia, orbital pain. Traditionally, many cases of typical paranasal sinus mucocele are successfully treated with endoscopic marsupialization. Most of the isolated intraorbital mucoceles were treated with complete removal of the mucocele via an external approach. However, there are many disadvantages of the external approach, and a case of isolated intraorbital mucocele in medial orbit treated by endoscopic intranasal marsupialization was reported. Here, the authors report a case of isolated orbital mucocele in inferior orbit treated by endoscopic intranasal marsupialization.
A Case of Atypical Skull Base Osteomyelitis Secondary to Otitis Media Due to Delayed Diagnosis
Authors: Fu Ze-Ming , Zhang De-Jun , Guan Guo-Fang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Skull base osteomyelitis that is secondary to otitis media is extremely rare in the modern antibiotic era. The authors present an 84-year-old male with atypical skull base osteomyelitis that developed from otitis media during the COVID-19 pandemic due to delayed diagnosis and partial treatment which is blamed for development of skull base osteomyelitis. The atypical presentations of skull base osteomyelitis pose a diagnostic challenge. This case highlights that even otitis media is a potentially fatal infection in older patients with diabetes. Early diagnosis and aggressive management of skull base osteomyelitis are of upmost importance and will ensure a more favorable prognosis.
Serum Mitochondrial Quality Control Related Biomarker Levels are Associated with Organ Dysfunction in Septic Patients
Authors: Huang Wei , Wang Xiaoting , Zhang Hongmin , Wang Guangjian , Xie Fang , Liu Dawei 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
To investigate the feasibility and the value of using mitochondrial quality control (MQC)-related proteins as biomarkers in septic patients.

Methods:
The enrolled subjects were divided into four groups: healthy control group (n = 30), intensive care unit (ICU) control group (n = 62), septic nonshock group (n = 40), and septic shock group (n = 94). Serum levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), fission protein 1 (Fis1), mitofusin2 (Mfn2), and Parkin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at the time of enrollment for all groups. Clinical parameters and laboratory test results were also collected.

Results:
The levels of MQC-related biomarkers between any two of the four groups were significantly different (P < 0.001 for all). The serum levels of PGC-1α, Mfn2, and Parkin were lowest in healthy individuals; the levels were dramatically higher in the ICU control group compared with the others, and they decreased progressively from the septic nonshock group to the septic shock group. However, the pattern for Fis1 was inverse; the more severe the condition was, the higher the level of Fis1. Moreover, there was moderate correlation between MQC-related biomarkers and the SOFA score (PGC-1α, r = −0.662; Fis1, r = 0.609; Mfn2, r = −0.677; Parkin, r = 0.−0.674, P < 0.001 for all).

Conclusions:
The serum levels of PGC-1α, Fis1, Mfn2, and Parkin were significantly correlated with organ dysfunction and reflected the disease progression and severity. The dynamic surveillance of these four biomarkers could be beneficial to predict outcome and guide treatment.
Association of Postoperative Opioid Prescription Size and Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Fry Brian T. , Howard Ryan A. , Gunaseelan Vidhya , Lee Jay S. , Waljee Jennifer F. , Englesbe Michael J. , Vu Joceline V. 
Published: February 2021

Objective:
To evaluate the association between postoperative opioid prescription size and patient-reported satisfaction among surgical patients.

Summary background data:
Opioids are overprescribed after surgery, which negatively impacts patient outcomes. The assumption that larger prescriptions increase patient satisfaction has been suggested as an important driver of excessive prescribing.

Methods:
This prospective cohort study evaluated opioid-naive adult patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, laparoscopic appendectomy, and minor hernia repair between January 1 and May 31, 2018. The primary outcome was patient satisfaction, collected via a 30-day postoperative survey. Satisfaction was measured on a scale of 0 to 10 and dichotomized into “highly satisfied” (9–10) and “not highly satisfied” (0–8). The explanatory variable of interest was size of opioid prescription at discharge from surgery, converted into milligrams of oral morphine equivalents (OME). Hierarchical logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between prescription size and satisfaction while adjusting for clinical covariates.

Results:
One thousand five hundred twenty patients met the inclusion criteria. Mean age was 53 years and 43% of patients were female. One thousand two hundred seventy-nine (84.1%) patients were highly satisfied and 241 (15.9%) were not highly satisfied. After multivariable adjustment, there was no significant association between opioid prescription size and satisfaction (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.99–1.00). The predicted probability of being highly satisfied ranged from 83% for the smallest prescription (25 mg OME) to 85% for the largest prescription (750 mg OME).

Conclusions:
In a large cohort of patients undergoing common surgical procedures, there was no association between opioid prescription size at discharge after surgery and patient satisfaction. This implies that surgeons can provide significantly smaller opioid prescriptions after surgery without negatively affecting patient satisfaction.
Thoracic Epidural Analgesia for Postoperative Pain Management in Liver Transplantation: A 10-year Study on 685 Liver Transplant Recipients
Authors: Hausken John , Haugaa Håkon , Hagness Morten , Line Pål-Dag , Melum Espen , Tønnessen Tor Inge 
Published: February 2021

Background.
Thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) is not widely used for postoperative pain management in liver transplantation due to hepatic coagulopathy-related increased risk of inducing an epidural hematoma. However, an increasing number of patients are transplanted for other indications than the end-stage liver disease and without coagulopathy allowing insertion of an epidural catheter.

Methods.
This study is a retrospective observational single-center study of all adult patients undergoing first-time liver transplantation at Oslo University Hospital between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2017. Data regarding patient characteristics were obtained from the Nordic liver transplant registry, medical records, and pain registration forms. Patients without coagulopathy (international normalized ratio <1.5 and platelets >100 × 109/L) were eligible for TEA.

Results.
Out of 685 first-time liver transplantations in a 10-year period, 327 received TEA, and 358 did not. The median Model of End-stage Liver Disease score was lower in the TEA group than in the non-TEA-group (9 versus 17, P < 0.001), and fewer patients were hospitalized preoperatively (16 versus 127, P < 0.001). The median international normalized ratio (1.1 versus 1.6, P < 0.001) and platelet count (190 versus 78, P < 0.001) were different between the TEA and non-TEA groups. There were no serious complications related to insertion or removal of the TEA catheters. Patients in the TEA group had less pain with a mean numeric rating scale at postoperative days 0–5 of 1.4 versus 1.8 (P = 0.008). Nearly 50% of the patients were prescribed opioids when discharged from hospital (non-TEA 154 versus TEA 158, P = 0.23), and there was no difference after 1 year (P = 0.718).

Conclusions.
Our report revealed very good pain control with both TEA and the non-TEA modality. TEA was without any serious complications like epidural hematoma or infection/abscess in selected liver transplant recipients without severe coagulopathy. Opioid prescription at hospital discharge and by 1-year follow-up did not differ between the groups.
Estimation of infection rate and the population size potentially exposed to SARS-CoV-2 in Japan during 2020
Authors: Naito Motohiko 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe infectious respiratory disease COVID-19, caused novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reached pandemic status during 2020. The primary statistic data are important to survey the actual circumstances of COVID-19. Here, we report the analysis of the primary data of COVID-19 in Japan during 2020.MethodsData were collected and released systematically under Japan domestic law. Machine learning was conducted to estimate the positive rate in Japan and four prefectures (Tokyo, Osaka, Chiba, and Fukuoka).ResultsPrimary data analysis revealed there were at least two peaks of infection in Japan; the first one was during April 2020 and the second one started from November 1, 2020. Estimating the positive rate in Japan as well as in the four prefectures reinforced the above observations. The positive rate in Japan during 2020 was estimated to be around 6% to 8%. We also estimated that 1.95 million people were possibly exposed to the novel virus on October 31, 2020. The numbers of related deaths were over 3,000 people at the end of 2020.ConclusionWe estimated the infection rate of SARS-CoV-2 in Japan to be 6–8% in 2020. We also concluded that Japan had at least two infection-spreading periods, the first one being from Jan 19, 2020 until May 2020, and the second one beginning from November 1, 2020. Importantly, our analysis supports the need for clear definition of the criteria for conducting confirmation tests before embarking on data analysis.
The effect of Alzheimer’s disease-associated genetic variants on longevity
Authors: Tesi Niccolò , Hulsman Marc , van der Lee Sven J. , Jansen Iris E. , Stringa Najada , van Schoor Natasja M. , Scheltens Philip , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Huisman Martijn , Reinders Marcel J. T. , Holstege Henne 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe genetics underlying human longevity is influenced by the genetic risk to develop -or escape- age-related diseases. As Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents one of the most common conditions at old age, an interplay between genetic factors for AD and longevity is expected.We explored this interplay by studying the prevalence of 38 AD-associated single-nucleotide-polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in AD-GWAS, in self-reported cognitively healthy centenarians, and we replicated findings in the largest GWAS on parental-longevity.We found that 28/38 SNPs identified to associate with increased AD-risk also associated with decreased odds of longevity. For each SNP, we express the imbalance between AD- and longevity-risk as an effect-size distribution. When grouping the SNPs based on these distributions, we found three groups: 17 variants increased AD-risk more than they decreased the risk of longevity (AD-group): these variants were functionally enriched for β-amyloid metabolism and immune signaling, and they were enriched in microglia. 11 variants reported a larger effect on longevity as compared to their AD-effect (Longevity-group): these variants were enriched for endocytosis/immune signaling, and at the cell-type level were enriched in microglia and endothelial cells. Next to AD, these variants were previously associated with other aging-related diseases, including cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Unexpectedly, 10 variants associated with an increased risk of both AD and longevity (Unexpected-group). The effect of the SNPs in AD- and Longevity-groups replicated in the largest GWAS on parental-longevity, while the effects on longevity of the SNPs in the Unexpected-group could not be replicated, suggesting that these effects may not be robust across different studies.Our study shows that some AD-associated variants negatively affect longevity primarily by their increased risk of AD, while other variants negatively affect longevity through an increased risk of multiple age-related diseases, including AD.
Ensovibep, a novel trispecific DARPin candidate that protects against SARS-CoV-2 variants
Authors: Rothenberger Sylvia , Hurdiss Daniel L. , Walser Marcel , Malvezzi Francesca , Mayor Jennifer , Ryter Sarah , Moreno Hector , Liechti Nicole , Bosshart Andreas , Iss Chloe , Calabro Valérie , Cornelius Andreas , Hospodarsch Tanja , Neculcea Alexandra , Looser Thamar , Schlegel Anja , Fontaine Simon , Villemagne Denis , Paladino Maria , Kaufmann Yvonne , Schaible Doris , Schlegel Iris , Schiegg Dieter , Zitt Christof , Sigrist Gabriel , Straumann Marcel , Sacarcelik Feyza , Wolter Julia , Comby Marco , Adler Julia M. , Eschke Kathrin , Nascimento Mariana , Abdelgawad Azza , Gruber Achim D. , Bushe Judith , Kershaw Olivia , Lyoo Heyrhyoung , Wang Chunyan , Li Wentao , Drulyte Ieva , Du Wenjuan , Binz H. Kaspar , Herrup Rachel , Lusvarghi Sabrina , Neerukonda Sabari Nath , Vassell Russell , Wang Wei , Mangold Susanne , Reichen Christian , Radom Filip , Knutson Charles G. , Balavenkatraman Kamal K. , Ramanathan Krishnan , Lewis Seth , Watson Randall , Haeuptle Micha A. , Zürcher Alexander , Dawson Keith M. , Steiner Daniel , Weiss Carol D. , Amstutz Patrick , van Kuppeveld Frank J.M. , Stumpp Michael T. , Bosch Berend-Jan , Engler Olivier , Trimpert Jakob 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 has infected millions of people globally and continues to undergo evolution. Emerging variants can be partially resistant to vaccine induced immunity and therapeutic antibodies, emphasizing the urgent need for accessible, broad-spectrum therapeutics. Here, we report a comprehensive study of ensovibep, the first trispecific clinical DARPin candidate, that can simultaneously engage all three units of the spike protein trimer to potently inhibit ACE2 interaction, as revealed by structural analyses. The cooperative binding of the individual modules enables ensovibep to retain inhibitory potency against all frequent SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron BA.1 and BA.2, as of February 2022. Moreover, viral passaging experiments show that ensovibep, when used as a single agent, can prevent development of escape mutations comparably to a cocktail of monoclonal antibodies (mAb). Finally, we demonstrate that the very high in vitro antiviral potency also translates into significant therapeutic protection and reduction of pathogenesis in Roborovski dwarf hamsters infected with either the SARS-CoV-2 wild-type or the Alpha variant. In this model, ensovibep prevents fatality and provides substantial protection equivalent to the standard of care mAb cocktail. These results support further clinical evaluation and indicate that ensovibep could be a valuable alternative to mAb cocktails and other treatments for COVID-19.
Automatic Identification and Avoidance of Axon Bundle Activation for Epiretinal Prosthesis
Authors: Tandon Pulkit , Bhaskhar Nandita , Shah Nishal , Madugula Sasi , Grosberg Lauren , Fan Victoria H. , Hottowy Pawel , Sher Alexander , Litke Alan M. , Chichilnisky E.J. , Mitra Subhasish 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTRetinal prostheses must be able to activate cells in a selective way in order to restore high-fidelity vision. However, inadvertent activation of far-away retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) through electrical stimulation of axon bundles can produce irregular and poorly controlled percepts, limiting artificial vision. Therefore, the problem ofaxon bundle activationcan be defined as the axonal stimulation of RGCs with unknown soma and receptive field locations, typically outside the electrode array. Here, a new algorithm is presented that utilizes electrical recordings to determine the stimulation current amplitudes above which bundle activation occurs. The method exploits several spatiotemporal characteristics of electrically-evoked spikes to overcome the challenge of detecting small axonal spikes in extracellular recordings. The algorithm was validated using large-scaleex vivostimulation and recording experiments in macaque retina, by comparing algorithmically and manually identified bundle activation thresholds. The algorithm could be used in a closed-loop manner by a future epiretinal prosthesis to reduce poorly controlled visual percepts associated with bundle activation. The method may also be applicable to other types of retinal implants and to cortical implants.ContributionsPT developed the algorithm and analyzed the data, with input from SMi and EJC. NB and NS helped with the analysis. SMa and LG performed dissections and collected the data. PT and VFH performed manual identification. PH, AS and AML developed and supported recording hardware and software. PT, EJC and SMi wrote the manuscript. NS and SMa edited it. EJC and SMi supervised the project.