bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helicobacter pylori CagA Interacts with SHP-1 to Suppress the Immune Response by Targeting TRAF6 for K63-Linked Ubiquitination
Authors: He Huan , Liu Jing , Li Liuyan , Qian Gui , Hao Doudou , Li Manman , Zhang Yihua , Hong Xiaowu , Xu Jianqing , Yan Dapeng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is the major etiological agent for most gastric cancer. CagA has been reported to be an important virulence factor of H. pylori, but its effect on the immune response is not yet clear. In this study, wild-type C57BL/6 mice and Ptpn6me-v/me-v mice were randomly assigned for infection with H. pylori. We demonstrated that CagA suppressed H. pylori–stimulated expression of proinflammatory cytokines in vivo. Besides, we infected mouse peritoneal macrophages RAW264.7 and AGS with H. pylori. Our results showed that CagA suppressed expression of proinflammatory cytokines through inhibiting the MAPKs and NF-κB pathways activation in vitro. Mechanistically, we found that CagA interacted with the host cellular tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1, which facilitated the recruitment of SHP-1 to TRAF6 and inhibited the K63-linked ubiquitination of TRAF6, which obstructed the transmission of signal downstream. Taken together, these findings reveal a previously unknown mechanism by which CagA negatively regulates the posttranslational modification of TRAF6 in innate antibacterial immune response and provide molecular basis for new therapeutics to treat microbial infection.
Broad-Spectrum Robust Direct Bactericidal Activity of Fish IFNφ1 Reveals an Antimicrobial Peptide–like Function for Type I IFNs in Vertebrates
Authors: Xiao Xun , Zhu Wentao , Zhang Yanqi , Liao Zhiwei , Wu Changsong , Yang Chunrong , Zhang Yongan , Xiao Shaobo , Su Jianguo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Type I IFNs (IFN-Is) play pivotal roles in host defense against viral infections but remain enigmatic against bacterial pathogens. In this study, we recombinantly expressed and purified intact grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) IFNφ1 (gcIFNφ1), a teleost IFN-I. gcIFNφ1 widely powerfully directly kills both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in a dose-dependent manner. gcIFNφ1 binds to LPS or peptidoglycan and provokes bacterial membrane depolarization and disruption, resulting in bacterial death. Furthermore, gcIFNφ1 can efficiently protect zebrafish against Aeromonas hydrophila infection and significantly reduce the bacterial loads in tissues by an infection model. In addition, we wonder whether antibacterial IFN-I members exist in other vertebrates. The amino acid compositions of representative IFN-Is with strong positive charges from Pisces, Amphibia, reptiles, Aves, and Mammalia demonstrate high similarities with those of 2237 reported cationic antimicrobial peptides in antimicrobial peptide database. Recombinant intact representative IFN-I members from the nonmammalian sect exhibit potent broad-spectrum robust bactericidal activity through bacterial membrane depolarization; in contrast, the bactericidal activity is very weak from mammalian IFN-Is. The findings display a broad-spectrum potent direct antimicrobial function for IFN-Is, to our knowledge previously unknown. The results highlight that IFN-Is are important and robust in host defense against bacterial pathogens, and unify direct antibacterial and indirect antiviral bifunction in nonmammalian jawed vertebrates.
Accelerated Clearance and Degradation of Cell-Free HIV by Neutralizing Antibodies Occurs via FcγRIIb on Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells by Endocytosis
Authors: Turman James M. , Cheplowitz Alana M. , Tiwari Charu , Thomas Thushara , Joshi Dhruvi , Bhat Menakshi , Wu Qian , Pong Erik , Chu Seung Y. , Szymkowski David E. , Sharma Amit , Seveau Stephanie , Robinson John M. , Kwiek Jesse J. , Burton Dennis , Rajaram Murugesan V. S. , Kim Jonghan , Hangartner Lars , Ganesan Latha P. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Neutralizing Abs suppress HIV infection by accelerating viral clearance from blood circulation in addition to neutralization. The elimination mechanism is largely unknown. We determined that human liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) express FcγRIIb as the lone Fcγ receptor, and using humanized FcγRIIb mouse, we found that Ab-opsonized HIV pseudoviruses were cleared considerably faster from circulation than HIV by LSEC FcγRIIb. Compared with humanized FcγRIIb-expressing mice, HIV clearance was significantly slower in FcγRIIb knockout mice. Interestingly, a pentamix of neutralizing Abs cleared HIV faster compared with hyperimmune anti-HIV Ig (HIVIG), although the HIV Ab/Ag ratio was higher in immune complexes made of HIVIG and HIV than pentamix and HIV. The effector mechanism of LSEC FcγRIIb was identified to be endocytosis. Once endocytosed, both Ab-opsonized HIV pseudoviruses and HIV localized to lysosomes. This suggests that clearance of HIV, endocytosis, and lysosomal trafficking within LSEC occur sequentially and that the clearance rate may influence downstream events. Most importantly, we have identified LSEC FcγRIIb-mediated endocytosis to be the Fc effector mechanism to eliminate cell-free HIV by Abs, which could inform development of HIV vaccine and Ab therapy.
cAbl Kinase Regulates Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptosis via ASC Phosphorylation
Authors: Gavrilin Mikhail A. , Prather Evan R. , Vompe Alex D. , McAndrew Christian C. , Wewers Mark D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Inflammasome activation is regulated in part by the posttranslational modification of inflammasome proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation is one possible modification. Having previously shown that the protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor AG126 greatly inhibits inflammasome activation, we sought to uncover the target kinase. To do this, we screened a commercial tyrosine kinase library for inhibition of inflammasome-dependent IL-18/IL-1β release and pyroptosis. THP-1 cells (human monocyte cell line) were incubated with PTK inhibitors (0.1, 1, and 10 μM) before stimulation with LPS followed by ATP. The PTK inhibitors DCC-2036 (Rebastinib) and GZD824, specific for Bcr-Abl kinase, showed the most severe reduction of IL-18 and lactate dehydrogenase release at all concentrations used. The suggested kinase target, cAbl kinase, was then deleted in THP-1 cells by CRISPR/Cas9 editing and then tested for its role in inflammasome function and potential to phosphorylate the inflammasome adaptor ASC. The cABL knockout not only significantly inhibited inflammasome function but also decreased release of phosphorylated ASC after LPS/ATP stimulation. One predicted target of cAbl kinase is tyrosine 146 in ASC. Complementation of ASC knockout THP-1 cells with mutated Y146A ASC significantly abrogated inflammasome activation and ASC oligomerization as compared with wild-type ASC complementation. Thus, these findings support cAbl kinase as a positive regulator of inflammasome activity and pyroptosis, likely via phosphorylation of ASC.
Психика и информационная безопасность в условиях пандемии: последствия для личности и государства
Authors: Kuzina Natalia V. 
Published: February 2021

Пандемии относятся к числу социальных катастроф, провоцирующих панику, острое стрессовое и посттравматическое стрессовое расстройство, массовую агрессию, другие нарушения поведенческих реакций социума. Сила данных реакций связана с информационным воздействием на человека в период, когда в его психике оказываются актуализированы не поддающиеся рациональному контролю архаичные слои. Хотя угрозы пандемии еще не отступили, уже пришло время анализа информационных стратегий, усиливавших или дезактуализировавших ощущения неопределенности и витальной угрозы, возникавших в социуме. В исследовании были рассмотрены психологические защиты и копинг-стратегии, формы проявления агрессии и враждебности, актуальные в период пандемии. Произведена оценка русскоязычного интернет-контента апреля – августа 2020, затрагивающего проблематику пандемии COVID–19, с точки зрения социальной и информационной безопасности. Обсуждается также вопрос о приемах кибермошенничества и фишинга.
Констатируется эффективность доведения информации с использованием образа очевидца событий или эксперта. Реже эффективной для снижения социальной напряженности является позиция наблюдателя-журналиста. Социум при панике нуждается в образцах адаптивного поведения и директивах, снимающем страх юморе. Причиной паники и агрессии оказывается низкий уровень знаний населения, установка на ложный авторитет. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы специалистами в области информационной безопасности, государственными и муниципальными служащими, студентами и аспирантами, журналистским сообществом.
LOS DERECHOS SOCIALES ANTE LA VULNERABILIDAD. RETOS Y PROBLEMÁTICAS EN UN MARCO DE FLEXIBILIDAD Y DESREGULACIÓN
Authors: MARTÍNEZ DE BRINGAS ASIER 
Published: February 2021

La llamada postcrisis afecta más que nunca a las condiciones de
posibilidad y emergencia de los derechos sociales. En este contexto, el empleo
asalariado ha jugado un papel fundamental como bisagra para adquirir derechos
y estar protegido por estos. Implica, también, la exclusión de derechos para todas
aquellas personas que no tienen el estatus de trabajador formal. La huella histórica
con la que se han ido construyendo los derechos ha permitido una suerte de
identificación entre el «sujeto trabajador» y el «sujeto de derechos». Los derechos,
sin embargo, no se pueden sustentar ni explicar sólo desde uno de los factores
que más está influyendo en el acceso a los mismos: el empleo. En este enfoque, la
centralidad estratégica de los derechos sociales va a resultar fundamental para restaurar
la interdependencia fracturada de los derechos. Desde esta mirada, resulta
fundamental recuperar una categoría como el «derecho a la existencia» para reestablecer
la potencialidad perdida, o no activada, del resto de derechos sociales.
Krisi ostea delakoak inoiz baino eragin handiagoa dauka eskubide
sozialetarako aukeren eta premien baldintzetan. Testuinguru horretan, soldatako
enpleguak funtsezko rola bete du eskubideak lortu eta horien babespean
egoteko giltza gisa. Gainera, langile formalaren estatusa ez duten pertsonen bazterketa
dakar eskubideen alorrean. Izan ere, eskubideak egituratuz joan den aztarna
historikoak bereizi egin ditu, nolabait, «subjektu langilea» eta «eskubideen
subjektua». Kontua da, baina, eskubideak eskuratzeko orduan eraginik handiena
izaten ari den faktoreetako bat ¿enplegua, alegia¿ezin dela inolaz ere izan eskubideon
oinarri eta azalbide bakarra. Ikuspuntu horretatik, eskubide sozialen zentraltasun
estrategikoa funtsezkoa izango da eskubideen interdependentzia apurtua
berrezartzeko. Ikuspuntu horretatik, beharrezkoa da «existentziarako eskubide»aren
kategoria berreskuratzea; hain zuzen ere, galdutako ¿edo aktibatu gabeko¿
gainerako eskubide sozialen ahalmena berreskuratzeko.
The so-called post-crisis affects more than ever the conditions
of possibility and emergence of social rights. In this context, paid employment
has played a fundamental role as a hinge to acquire rights and be covered by
them. It also implies the exclusion of rights for all those who lack of the status
of formal worker. The historical trail upon which rights have been built has
allowed a sort of identification between the «working subject» and the «subject
of rights». Rights, however, cannot be supported or explained only from one of
the factors that is most influencing access to them: employment. In this approach,
the strategic centrality of social rights has to be essential to restore the fractured
interdependence of rights. From this perspective, it is essential to recover a
category as the «right to existence» to reestablish the lost potential, or not
activated, of the rest of social rights.
Entre batuques e bandeiras de luta: a juventude alagoana nos terreiros de axé
Authors: Santos Ellen Cirilo , Da Silva Gomes Gustavo Manoel 
Published: February 2021

Este artigo apresenta resultados parciais de uma pesquisa desenvolvida no campo da História Social das religiões que, de forma crítica, analisa a importância das manifestações de caráter político, religioso e cultural a partir da Juventude de Terreiro de Alagoas chamada “Àbúró N’ilê- RJT/AL”. O movimento Juventude de Terreiro é um espaço criado no ano de 2014, para articular os jovens que se identificam como adeptos das religiões de matriz africana. A hipótese desta abordagem, surge da necessidade de romper com os silêncios que marginalizaram as experiências religiosas desses sujeitos ao longo do tempo. Neste sentido, analisamos a formação e atuação política destes jovens utilizando relatos, documentos, fotografias e fontes digitais para historicizar as memórias e narrativas (individuais e coletivas) dessas comunidades.
THE VALIDITY OF TENSES IN TRANSLATION BETWEEN USING ONLINE AND MANUAL TRANSLATION IN ENGLISH STUDENTS 2017-B OF STKIP PGRI JOMBANG
Authors: Setya Putri Dina Cahya Restu 
Published: February 2021

Translation has always been the core of the controversy on whether it can be a valid and effective tool in foreign language learning. Translation is a language learning activity considered appropriate in the context of foreign language learning (Brown, 2002). The aim of the study is how to know most effective in translation, google translation or manual translation. The participant are 2017-B students (8 females and 2 males) learning grammar. Their background knowledge would help them to effectively acquire manual translation and based knowledge during online translation help their learning outcomes. The sig value is 0,006 < 0,05 it means that; Ho is rejected and Ha accepted. Which mean that there is significant different in student translate with manual translation and using online translation. So, the student has more easy understanding with the online translation. Based on the result of the table about the score with analyze using SPSS in T-Test student on average get better score in online translation. It means that error tenses or the validity tenses more accurate with online translation. Base on the result of this research we can see that online translation is more valid when translating, but manual translation can also produce better translated results if we add to our background knowledge we can see that still many student can not understand about the material in prepositional grammar.
MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH BERBASIS NILAI-NILAI MULTIKULTURAL DI MADRASAH ALIYAH PONDOK PESANTREN DARUT TAQWA PURWOSARI PASURUAN
Authors: Fitriany Aulia , Wibowo Satrio 
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pentingnya pemahaman multikultural di kalangan pelajar. Mata pelajaran sejarah memiliki arti strategis dalam pembentukan watak dan karakter bangsa. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan model pembelajaran sejarah berbasis nilai-nilai multikultural. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian dan pengembangan atau Research and Development (R&D). Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa dan guru Madrasah Aliyah Darut Taqwa Purwosari. Penelitian ini diawali dengan penelitian pendahuluan dengan mengumpulkan informasi tentang pembelajaran sejarah. Selanjutnya mengembangkan model pembelajaran sejarah dan pengujian efektivitas model yang dikembangkan. Hasil penelitian adalah: (1) Proses pembelajaran sejarah di Madrasah Aliyah Darut Taqwa cenderung berpusat pada guru sehingga masih perlu adanya inovasi dan kreatifitas guru untuk mencari dan menemukan model pembelajaran yang mendukung pendidikan multikultural dalam pembelajaran sejarah. (2) Model pembelajaran dikembangkan berdasarkan temuan dari studi pendahuluan. Pengembangan model pembelajaran dimulai dari penyusunan desain awal, validasi ahli, revisi sesuai catatan ahli dan uji coba terbatas. (3) Berdasarkan uji keefektifan, model pembelajaran sejarah yang dikembangkan efektif dalam pembelajaran.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL KETETAMPILAN PASSING ATAS DALAM PERMAINAN BOLA VOLI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BOLA STANDARD DAN TIDAK STANDARD PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS XI IPS 4 SMA NEGERI 1 OKU
Authors: Antariningsih Ning 
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh masih rendahnya keterampilan passing atas bolavoli peserta didik di kelas XI IPS 4 di SMA Negeri 1 OKU. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan apakah penggunaan bola standard dan tidak standard dapat meningkatakan keterampilan passing atas bolavoli pada siswa kelas XI IPS 4 SMA N 1 OKU. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (classroom action research) yang dilakukan secara kolaboratif dan partisipatif. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan Model Kurt Lewin dalam 2 siklus terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan & observasi, dan refleksi. Sampel penelitian meliputi siswa kelas XI IPS 4 yang berjumlah 36 siswa di SMA Negeri OKU. Fokus penelitian adalah meningkatkan keterampilan passing atas. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui tes perbuatan. Teknik analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Keterampilan Passing Atas Bolavoli Menggunakan bola standard dan tidak standard Untuk Siswa Kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 OKU mengalami peningkatan, yaitu dari Hasil tes siklus I diperoleh sebanyak 13 siswa (36,11%) tuntas belajar, dan 23 siswa atau 63,9% belum tuntas belajar. Kemudian pada hasil tes siklus II menunjukkan 34 siswa (94,6%) tuntas belajar dan 2 siswa atau 5,45% belum tuntas belajar. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan menggunakan bola standard dan tidak standard dapat meningkatkan proses pembelajaran dan kemampuan atas bola voli siswa kelas XI IPS 4 SMA Negeri 1 OKU.
Kata Kunci: Passing Atas, Bola Standard dan Tidak Standard
MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA KELAS XII IPA 1 PADA PELAJARAN KIMIA MATERI SEL ELEKTROKIMIA SMA NEGERI 1 KAYUAGUNG MELALUI STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN KONSTRUKTIVISME
Authors: Usinawati Usinawati 
Published: February 2021

Penelitian tindakan kelas ini berjudul “Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Siswa Kelas XII IPA 1 Pada Pelajaran Kimia Materi Sel Elektrokimia SMA Negeri 1 Kayuagung Melalui Strategi Pembelajaran Konstruktivisme.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar siswa kelas XII IPA 1 SMA Negeri 1 Kayuagung setelah diterapkannya Strategi Pembelajaran Konstruktivisme sehingga pembelajaran Kimia menjadi lebih menyenangkan dan menimbulkan kreatifitas siswa. Rumusan masalah adalah bagaimana penerapan Strategi Pembelajaran Konstruktivisme sehingga dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar Kimia siswa kelas XII IPA 1 SMA Negeri 1 Kayuagung?. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian tindakan kelas sebanyak dua putaran. Setiap putaran terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu: rancangan, kegiatan dan pengamatan, refleksi, dan refisi. Sasaran penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XII IPA 1 SMA Negeri 1 Kayuagung. Data yang diperoleh berupa hasil tes formatif. Dari hasil analis didapatkan bahwa rata rata hasil belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan dari pra siklus 64,53, siklus I 68,53 dan siklus II 81,17. Jadi kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah Strategi Pembelajaran Konstruktivisme dapat berpengaruh positif terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas XII IPA 1 SMA Negeri 1 Kayuagung.

Kata Kunci: Kimia, Strategi Pembelajaran Konstruktivisme, Prestasi Belajar
Factors controlling marine aerosol size distributions and their climate effects over the northwest Atlantic Ocean region
Authors: Croft Betty , Martin Randall V. , Moore Richard H. , Ziemba Luke D. , Crosbie Ewan C. , Liu Hongyu , Russell Lynn M. , Saliba Georges , Wisthaler Armin , Müller Markus , Schiller Arne , Galí Martí , Chang Rachel Y.-W. , McDuffie Erin E. , Bilsback Kelsey R. , Pierce Jeffrey R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Aerosols over Earth's remote and spatially extensive ocean surfaces have important influences on planetary climate. However, these aerosols and
their effects remain poorly understood, in part due to the remoteness and limited observations over these regions. In this study, we seek to
understand factors that shape marine aerosol size distributions and composition in the northwest Atlantic Ocean region. We use the GEOS-Chem model with the TwO-Moment Aerosol Sectional (TOMAS) microphysics algorithm
model to interpret measurements collected from ship and aircraft during the four seasonal campaigns of the North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine
Ecosystems Study (NAAMES) conducted between 2015 and 2018. Observations from the NAAMES campaigns show enhancements in the campaign-median number of
aerosols with diameters larger than 3 nm in the lower troposphere (below 6 km), most pronounced during the phytoplankton bloom
maxima (May/June) below 2 km in the free troposphere. Our simulations, combined with NAAMES ship and aircraft measurements, suggest several
key factors that contribute to aerosol number and size in the northwest Atlantic lower troposphere, with significant regional-mean
(40–60∘ N and 20–50∘ W) cloud-albedo aerosol indirect effect (AIE) and direct radiative effect (DRE) processes during the phytoplankton
bloom. These key factors and their associated simulated radiative effects in the region include the following: (1) particle formation near and above the marine
boundary layer (MBL) top (AIE: −3.37 W m−2, DRE: −0.62 W m−2); (2) particle growth due to marine secondary organic
aerosol (MSOA) as the nascent particles subside into the MBL, enabling them to become cloud-condensation-nuclei-sized particles (AIE:
−2.27 W m−2, DRE: −0.10 W m−2); (3) particle formation and growth due to the products of dimethyl sulfide, above and within the
MBL (−1.29 W m−2, DRE: −0.06 W m−2); (4) ship emissions (AIE: −0.62 W m−2, DRE: −0.05 W m−2);
and (5) primary sea spray emissions (AIE: +0.04 W m−2, DRE: −0.79 W m−2). Our results suggest that a synergy of particle
formation in the lower troposphere (particularly near and above the MBL top) and growth by MSOA contributes strongly to
cloud-condensation-nuclei-sized particles with significant regional radiative effects in the northwest Atlantic. To gain confidence in radiative
effect magnitudes, future work is needed to understand (1) the sources and temperature dependence of condensable marine vapors forming MSOA, (2) primary sea spray emissions, and (3) the species that can form new particles in the lower troposphere and grow these particles as they descend into
the marine boundary layer.
A semicontinuous study on the ecotoxicity of atmospheric particles using a versatile aerosol concentration enrichment system (VACES): development and field characterization
Authors: Shang Xiaona , Li Ling , Zhang Xinlian , Kang Huihui , Sui Guodong , Wang Gehui , Ye Xingnan , Xiao Hang , Chen Jianmin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Oxidative stress can be used to evaluate not only adverse
health effects but also adverse ecological effects, but limited research
uses eco-toxicological assay to assess the risks posed by particle matters
to non-human biomes. One important reason might be that the concentration of
toxic components of atmospheric particles is far below the high detection
limit of eco-toxic measurement. To solve the rapid detection problem, we
extended a versatile aerosol concentration enrichment system (VACES) for
ecotoxicity aerosol measurement and firstly used VACES to provide a
comparison of ecotoxicity between non-concentrated and concentrated aerosols
in ambient air. In this study, the total concentration (number or mass), the
concentration of chemical components and the ecotoxicity were all increased
by approximately 7 to 10 times in VACES, making the detection of ecotoxicity
above the baseline. The comparison of ecotoxicity data and PM2.5
concentration showed that low concentration was not matched with
ecotoxicity, although high concentration corresponded to higher ecotoxicity.
In addition, the higher saturation temperature in VACES caused a loss of
particulate matter, of which nitrate accounted for about 18 %.