bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of graduated driver licensing on teenage body weight
Authors: Qiu Qihua , Sung Jaesang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe graduated driver licensing (GDL) program requires teenage drivers to pass through an intermediate stage, which contains specific driving restrictions such as a night curfew or a limit on the number of teen passengers to be carried, before earning full driving privileges. Using individual data from the 1999 to 2017 biennial Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBS) combined with state‐level GDL policy variations, we estimate the effects of GDL on teenage body weight in the United States. We find that the presence of GDL raises adolescents' body mass index Z‐score and their likelihood of being overweight or obese. Among the restrictions imposed, a night curfew implemented together with a passenger restriction makes the most significant impact. These estimated effects are concentrated among states with more restrictive GDL policies. We also find that the presence of GDL reduces adolescent physical activity and heavy smoking, while increasing their time spent watching TV and milk intake, perhaps contributing to youth weight gain. An event study analysis reveals that the effects of GDL on adolescent weight increase may be transitory.
High‐frequency multi‐solute calibration using an in situUV–visible sensor
Authors: Pesántez Juan , Birkel Christian , Mosquera Giovanny M. , Peña Pablo , Arízaga‐Idrovo Viviana , Mora Emma , McDowell William H. , Crespo Patricio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMonitoring the temporal variation of solute concentrations in streams at high temporal frequency can play an important role in understanding the hydrological and biogeochemical behaviour of catchments. UV–visible spectrometry is a relatively inexpensive and easily used tool to infer those concentrations in streams at high temporal resolution. However, it is not yet clear which solutes can be modelled with such an in‐situ sensor. Here, we installed a UV–visible spectrometer probe (200–750 nm) in a high‐altitude tropical Páramo stream to record the wavelength absorbance at a 5‐min temporal resolution. For calibration, we simultaneously sampled stream water at a 4‐h frequency from February 2018 to March 2019 for subsequent laboratory analysis. Absorbance spectra and laboratory‐determined solute concentrations were used to identify the best calibration method and to determine which solute concentrations can be effectively inferred using in situ spectrometry through the evaluation of six calibration methods of different mathematical complexity. Based on the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and Akaike information criterion metrics, our results suggest that multivariate methods always outperformed simpler strategies to infer solute concentrations. Eleven out of 21 studied solutes (Al, DOC, Ca, Cu, K, Mg, N, Na, Rb, Si and Sr) were successfully calibrated (NSE >0.50) and could be inferred using UV–visible spectrometry even with a reduced daily sampling frequency. It is worth noting that most calibrated solutes were correlated with wavelengths (WLs) in the low range of the spectra (i.e., UV range) and showed relatively good correlation with DOC. The latter suggests that estimation of metal concentrations could be possible in other streams with a high organic load (e.g., peat dominated catchments). In situ operation of spectrometers to monitor water quality parameters at high temporal frequency (sub‐hourly) can enhance the protection of human water supplies and aquatic ecosystems as well as providing information for assessing catchment hydrological functioning.
Role of prolidase activity and oxidative stress biomarkers in unexplained infertility
Authors: Isbilen Elif , Kulaksizoglu Sevsen , Kirmizioglu Mahmut , Karuserci Komurcu Ozge , Tabur Suzan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveOur aim was to explore the significance of serum prolidase enzyme activity and oxidative stress in women with unexplained infertility (UEI).MethodsIn this case‐control study (n = 160; 86 cases; 74 controls) prolidase enzyme activity and total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and vitamin E were measured in plasma using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays.ResultsProlidase enzyme activity and TAS levels were particularly higher in the patient group (P = 0.013, P = 0.001, respectively). Decreased OSI levels were detected in the patient group (P = 0.001). There was a positive relationship of prolidase with vitamin E in both patient and control groups (r = 0.892, P = 0.001, and r = 0.659, P = 0.001, respectively). A positive, but weak, relationship was identified between prolidase activity and TOS levels and also between vitamin E and TOS levels in the UEI group (r = 0.265, P = 0.049, and r = 0.288, P = 0.014, respectively). No association was found between prolidase and TOS levels or between vitamin E and TOS levels in the control group (r = 0.0097, P = 0.527, and r = 0.085, P = 0.610, respectively).ConclusionOur results showed an association between serum prolidase activity and oxidative stress in UEI patients. Further studies including greater groups are required to show the role of reactive oxygen species in UEI.
Change of uterine leiomyoma size during pregnancy and the influencing factors: A cohort study
Authors: Tian Yu‐cui , Wang Qian , Wang Hong‐mei , Wu Jian‐hong , Dai Yin‐mei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the changes of uterine leiomyoma size during pregnancy and determine the factors influencing it.MethodsA prospective study was conducted from June 2016 to June 2018. Women with pregnancies complicated by leiomyoma were recruited. Ultrasound examinations were conducted to measure the size of leiomyoma during 6–7, 11–14, 22–24, 28–34 weeks of pregnancy and before delivery. The clinical characteristics and delivery details of the pregnant women were collected. Changes in leiomyoma size during different gestation periods and the influencing factors were analyzed.ResultsLeiomyoma size commonly increased before 22–24 weeks of pregnancy and the fastest growth occurred before 11–14 weeks. From 22–24 weeks to the date of delivery, the size of leiomyoma remained unchanged. The initial size of the leiomyoma showed negative correlation with the changes in leiomyoma diameters during pregnancy. Pre‐pregnancy body mass index, fetus number, leiomyoma location, and parity were positively correlated with the size changes in leiomyoma from 22–24 to 28–34 weeks of pregnancy.ConclusionBefore 22–24 weeks of pregnancy, the size of the leiomyoma was gestation‐dependent, which increases with gestational weeks. The fastest growth rate was before 11–14 weeks. The growth of leiomyoma is affected by multiple factors, and different factors can play different roles during different periods of the pregnancy.
A novelmultimodalityanatomical image fusion method based on contrast and structure extraction
Authors: Sufyan Arbab , Imran Muhammad , Shah Syed Attique , Shahwani Hamayoun , Wadood Arbab Abdul 
Published: August 2021

AbstractImage modalities, such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and so on, reflect various levels of details about objects of interest that help medical practitioners to examine patients' diseases from different perspectives. A single medical image, at times, may not be sufficient for making a critical decision; therefore, providing detailed information from a different perspective may help in making a better decision. Image fusion techniques play a vital role in this regard by combining important details from different medical images into a single, information enhanced image. In this article, we present a novel weighted term multimodality anatomical medical image fusion method. The proposed method, as a first step, eliminates the distortions from the source images and afterward, extracts two pieces of crucial information: the local contrast and the salient structure. Both the local contrast and salient structure are later combined to obtain the final weight map. The obtained weights are then passed through a fast guided filter to remove the discontinuities and noise. Lastly, the refined weight map is fused with source images using pyramid decomposition to get the final fused image. The proposed method is accessed and compared both qualitatively and quantitatively with state‐of‐the‐art techniques. The result illustrates the performance superiority and efficiency of the proposed method.
Father‐child bonding among Japanese fathers of infants: A municipal‐based study at the time of the 4‐month child health checkup
Authors: Yoshida Kazuki , Goto Aya , Takebayashi Yoshitake , Murakami Michio , Sasaki Mie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe aimed to clarify the factor structure of a bonding measure among Japanese fathers with infants and the factors associated with the subscales. Among fathers of children attending the 4‐month health checkup, the Japanese version of the Mother‐to‐Infant Bonding Scale had a two‐factor structure comprising “anger” and “lack of affection.” Anger was associated with fathers’ work demands and poor mental condition, and lack of affection with fathers’ older age, poor mental condition, and interpersonal problems at home. Paternal parenting support needs to account for not only the fathers themselves, but also interpersonal communication at home and in the work environment.
Kinetic insight into perovskite La0.8Sr0.2VO3 nanofibers as an efficient electrocatalytic cathode for high‐rate LiO2 batteries
Authors: Sung Myeong‐Chang , Lee Gwang‐Hee , Kim Dong‐Wan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEfficient electrocatalysis at the cathode is essential for overcoming the limitations of LiO2 batteries such as poor stability and low rate capability. Herein, we systematically studied the kinetic behavior of a LiO2 battery comprising perovskite La0.8Sr0.2VO3 nanofibers formed by partial Sr‐cation doping and V cations with multiple oxidation states. Compared with undoped LaVO3 and La0.8Sr0.2VO4 nanofibers, perovskite La0.8Sr0.2VO3 nanofibers exhibited an improved capacity of 2000 mA g−1, and a 20‐times‐longer cycle life in LiO2 batteries. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and photoluminescence analyses revealed that the performance variations mainly originated from crystal defects, which modulate oxygen reduction/evolution kinetics. Through in situ Raman analysis, we showed that these structural defects are closely related to the oxygen reduction/evolution behavior of La0.8Sr0.2VO3 nanofibers and result in fewer parasitic reactions. This study offers insights into the potential rate capability of LiO2 batteries and related devices.image
International train the trainer neonatal antibiotic stewardship program for South African pharmacists
Authors: Goff Debra A. , Prusakov Pavel , Mangino Julie E. , Sanchez Pablo J. , Nwomeh Benedict , Messina Angeliki P. , Schellack Natalie , Annor Ama S. , Cassim Azraa , Kolman Sonya , Van Tonder Lindie , Mawela Dini , Velaphi Sithembiso C. , Chirwa Pinky Lea , van den Bergh Dena 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHospital‐acquired antimicrobial‐resistant infections are a leading cause of neonatal mortality in South African (SA) neonatal intensive care units (NICU). There is an urgent need for NICU Antibiotic Stewardship Programs (ASP). We describe the development of an international Train‐the‐Trainer (TTT) NICU‐ASP mentoring program for SA pharmacists. A partnership between the South Africa Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (SAASP) and ASP experts from two United States (US) hospitals was formed in 2019. A baseline assessment of four SA NICUs was done to guide the development of a TTT NICU‐ASP mentoring of SA pharmacists utilizing the existing workforce. The program included bilateral site visits. Pre‐post surveys were used to assess SA mentee's NICU experiences, barriers to clinical pharmacy services and confidence to train additional pharmacists in NICU ASP. Four mentees from private (n = 1) and public hospitals (n = 3) completed a 2‐week TTT NICU‐ASP in the US that included; education, patient care rounds, role‐playing, peer‐to‐peer sessions and behavioral interventions followed by ongoing support and mentoring by SAASP mentors. None of the hospitals had pharmacists participating in daily patient care rounds or had multidisciplinary NICU‐ASPs due to lack of NICU trained pharmacists and dedicated time for ASP. Post surveys showed improved confidence to train additional pharmacists in NICU‐ASP. Subsequently, these SA mentees provided NICU‐ASP education to over 700 health care professionals and trained six additional pharmacists in NICU‐ASP. Mentors and mentees developed a comprehensive NICU ASP toolkit for ongoing training of additional pharmacists. A new research collaboration between TTT NICU‐ASP mentors, mentees and physician members of the South Africa National Neonatal Sepsis Task Force has formed and the first national NICU‐ASP study is underway in 12 hospitals. Shared leadership between U.S. and SA mentors led to developing a TTT NICU‐ASP for pharmacists tailored to existing resources and local needs.
Critical care pharmacy in Saudi Arabia: Historical evolution and future directions—A review by the Critical Care and Emergency Medicine Pharmacy Specialty Network at the Saudi Society of Clinical Pharmacy
Authors: Alshaya Abdulrahman I. , Alhammad Abdullah M. , Ismail Nadia , Alkhani Nada , Alharbi Shmeylan , Alenazi Ahmed O. , Aljuhani Ohoud 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundClinical pharmacy services in Saudi Arabia (SA) have improved over the past few years, leading to improved patient‐centered outcomes. Clinical pharmacy services have been steadily incorporating critical care (CC) services in the country since the 1980s with a sustained growth in this field over the last few years.AimsThis review aims to describe CC pharmacy services in Saudi Arabia by exploring the historical evolution of patient care, education, research, and leadership, including challenges and opportunities for professional advancement.Materials and methodologyWe reviewed existing literature regarding CC pharmacy services in SA in addition to documented phone interviews with CC pharmacy pioneers in SA.ResultsCritical care pharmacy services improved in many facets. We identified possible areas for improvement and suggested an action plan for other countries to expand their CC pharmacy services.ConclusionIn Saudi Arabia, clinical pharmacy services are growing with sustained growth in CC pharmacy services.
Rare complication of hepatocellular carcinoma in Wilson's disease
Authors: Ohkoshi‐Yamada Marina , Kamimura Kenya , Kamimura Hiroteru , Terai Shuji 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe complication of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Wilson's disease is rare. Wilson's disease treatment using D‐penicillamine (DPA) is useful to prevent HCC occurrence; however, it also causes iron accumulation and synergistic radical formation in the liver, which may enhance carcinogenesis. Reported herein is a case of HCC in Wilson's disease treated with DPA for 36 years. The tumor was surgically resected and histologically diagnosed with moderately differentiated HCC surrounded by cirrhotic tissue with fatty infiltration. Rhodanine staining revealed a slight positively stained area in both tumor and surrounding tissues. Information obtained from this case and literature review highlight the feature of HCC in Wilson's disease.
Adaptive piecewise linear model for class C rectifier design
Authors: Arpanutud Kirote , Wei Muh‐Dey , Phaebua Kittisak , Tontisirin Sitt , Negra Renato , Chalermwisutkul Suramate 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this work, an adaptive piecewise linear diode model is presented for class C rectifier design. The model is developed based on conventional piecewise linear diode model and curve fitting to extract the model parameters for different input power and load situations. The accuracy of the model is evaluated by comparing the calculated power conversion efficiency (PCE) using the proposed model with the simulation result of a commercial software tool (Keysight's ADS). By using the proposed model, PCE is determined by directly calculating the voltage and current waveforms of the diode using close form equations instead of using ADS harmonic balance simulation. The diode used for this study is SMS7621. With relatively low load resistance, the discrepancy of the calculated PCE compared to ADS is less than 0.0001% (at −0.5 dBm input power and with 1.26 kΩ load). The discrepancy is increased in case of a high load resistance which can be up to 5.28% (at −34.7 dBm input power and 40 kΩ load). The proposed diode model can be used to design a class C rectifier without using a commercial simulator given that the IV curve of the diode is provided in the datasheet or from a direct DC sweep measurement. In addition, the proposed model can also estimate achievable PCE of a diode used for implementation of a class C rectifier.
Nickel‐free high‐nitrogen austenitic steel outperforms CoCrMo alloy regarding tribocorrosion in simulated inflammatory synovial fluids
Authors: Radice Simona , Neto Mozart Q. , Fischer Alfons , Wimmer Markus A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCoCrMo alloys are well‐established biomaterials used for orthopedic joint replacement implants. However, such alloys have been associated with clinical problems related to wear and corrosion. A new generation of austenitic high‐nitrogen steels (AHNSs) has been developed for biomedical applications. Here, we have addressed influences of hyaluronic acid, combined with inflammatory (oxidizing) conditions, on tribocorrosion of the high‐nitrogen FeCrMnMoN0.9 steel (DIN/EN X13CrMnMoN18‐14‐3, 1.4452), and of the low carbon CoCrMo0.03 alloy (ISO 5832‐12). We aimed to elucidate critical and clinically relevant conditions affecting the implant's performance in certain orthopedic applications. Tribocorrosion tests were conducted in triplicate, with discs under reciprocating sliding wear against a ceramic ball. Different lubricants were prepared from standardized bovine serum solution (ISO 14242‐1), with variable additions of hyaluronic acid (HA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Test conditions were: 37°C, 86,400 cycles, 37 N load (20–40 MPa after run‐in phase). Volumetric wear was quantified; surfaces were evaluated by electrochemical parameters and microscopy/spectroscopy analyses (SEM/EDS). Factorial analysis of variance tests was conducted to examine the effects of HA, H2O2, and test material on wear‐ and corrosion‐related dependent variables. Tribocorrosion performances of CoCrMo0.03 and FeCrMnMoN0.9 were comparable in fluids without H2O2. With higher H2O2 concentrations, tribocorrosion increased for CoCrMo0.03, while this was not the case for FeCrMnMoN0.9. HA significantly enhanced wear of CoCrMo0.03 in the absence of H2O2, while it mitigated the tribocorrosive action of 3 mM H2O2; HA had no impact on FeCrMnMoN0.9. These results indicate a favorable performance of FeCrMnMoN0.9 compared to CoCrMo0.03, and encourage further research on AHNS for certain orthopedic applications.
Multivariate outcome evaluation of furcation‐involved molars treated with non‐surgical mechanical therapy alone or combined with open flap debridement: A retrospective study
Authors: Majzoub Jad , Salami Ali , Barootchi Shayan , Tavelli Lorenzo , Wang Hom‐Lay , Chan Hsun‐Liang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis retrospective study assessed the effect of non‐surgical and surgical mechanical therapy for furcation‐involved molars.MethodsFurcation defects treated and followed for at least 1 year were selected. Data relative to the clinical outcomes were recorded. The immediate (3‐ to 6‐month) clinical outcomes and the long‐term survival of the treated molars were assessed. The potential variables influencing the treatment outcomes through multi‐level regression analysis, and Cox Proportional‐Hazards Models were also analyzed.ResultsOne hundred and eighty‐four molars were included with an average follow‐up of 7.52 years. At the 3‐ to 6‐month re‐evaluation 1.39 ± 0.99 mm pocket depth reduction, 0.88 ± 1.29 mm clinical attachment gain, and a 0.51 ± 1.13 mm increase in recession was observed. The 5‐ and 10‐year survival rates were 88.3% and 61.3%, respectively. The horizontal and vertical extent of furcation involvement, baseline probing depth, mucoperiosteal flap elevation, and the frequency of supportive periodontal therapy influenced the clinical outcomes and tooth survival.ConclusionNon‐surgical and surgical mechanical root debridement is a viable treatment for the management of furcation involved molars with shallow horizontal and vertical components.
Degradation kinetics and solvent effects of various long‐chain quaternary ammonium salts
Authors: Kleijwegt Roel J. T. , Winkenwerder Wyatt , Baan Wim , van der Schaaf John 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSurfactants such as quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) have been in increasing demand, for emerging new applications. Recent attempts at process intensification of their production have disclosed the need for a better understanding of QAS thermal stability. This work aims to determine the degradation kinetics of various QASs and the associated solvent effects. The degradation kinetics of four methyl carbonate QASs were determined in various polar solvents in stainless steel batch autoclaves. H NMR spectrometry was employed for offline analysis of the reaction mixtures. The kinetic parameters were then used to compare the thermal stability of the four compounds in the polar solvents. Water showed no degradation, and methanol (MeOH) was the solvent that provided the second‐best stability. Water–MeOH mixtures may provide an overall optimum. Moreover, and longer long‐chain substituents increased the degradation rate. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to obtain the thermal stability in a solid state, that is, solventless environment. Isoconversional analysis showed that no reliable kinetic parameters could be determined. Nevertheless, the data did allow for a comparison of the thermal stability of 14 different QASs. Furthermore, the relative instability of the compounds in the solid state demonstrated the challenges of solventless QAS production.
All‐Inorganic Rare‐Earth‐Based Double Perovskite Nanocrystals with Near‐Infrared Emission
Authors: Wu Ruixiang , Han Peigeng , Zheng Daoyuan , Zhang Junfeng , Yang Songqiu , Zhao Yang , Miao Xiangyang , Han Keli 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLead‐free halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) with the unique optical properties are of interest for broad applications. There are a few studies on near‐infrared (NIR) emission in perovskite NCs. Here, all‐inorganic rare‐earth‐based Cs2NaEr1−xBxCl6 (B: In, Sb, or Bi; x = 0, 0.13, and 0.5) double perovskite (DP) NCs have been successfully sythesized. The Cs2NaErCl6 NCs show good air stability and emit a sharp NIR photoluminescence (PL) at telecommunication wavelength of 1543 nm, originating from 4I13/2→4I15/2 transition of the Er3+, and its average lifetime is 35.7 µs. Especially for Cs2NaEr0.5Sb0.5Cl6 NCs, NIR PL can be enhanced 23‐fold with the lifetime being 119.1 µs. Moreover, femtosecond transient absorption measurements prove that a long‐lifetime trap state promotes NIR emitting in the mixed Sb/Er DP NCs.