bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anesthesia: An abridged Cochrane network meta‐analysis
Authors: Weibel Stephanie , Pace Nathan L. , Schaefer Maximilian S. , Raj Diana , Schlesinger Tobias , Meybohm Patrick , Kienbaum Peter , Eberhart Leopold H. J. , Kranke Peter 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveIn this abridged version of the recently published Cochrane review on antiemetic drugs, we summarize its most important findings and discuss the challenges and the time needed to prepare what is now the largest Cochrane review with network meta‐analysis in terms of the number of included studies and pages in its full printed form.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review with network meta‐analyses to compare and rank single antiemetic drugs and their combinations belonging to 5HT₃‐, D₂‐, NK₁‐receptor antagonists, corticosteroids, antihistamines, and anticholinergics used to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anesthesia.Results585 studies (97 516 participants) testing 44 single drugs and 51 drug combinations were included. The studies’ overall risk of bias was assessed as low in only 27% of the studies. In 282 studies, 29 out of 36 drug combinations and 10 out of 28 single drugs lowered the risk of vomiting at least 20% compared to placebo. In the ranking of treatments, combinations of drugs were generally more effective than single drugs. Single NK1 receptor antagonists were as effective as other drug combinations. Of the 10 effective single drugs, certainty of evidence was high for aprepitant, ramosetron, granisetron, dexamethasone, and ondansetron, while moderate for fosaprepitant and droperidol. For serious adverse events (SAEs), any adverse event (AE), and drug‐class specific side effects evidence for intervention effects was mostly not convincing.ConclusionsThere is high or moderate evidence for at least seven single drugs preventing postoperative vomiting. However, there is still considerable lack of evidence regarding safety aspects that does warrant investigation.
Transactional Dependence and Technological Upgrading in Global Value Chains
Authors: Deng Ziliang , Ma Xufei , Zhu Ziyan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhether and how original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) engage in technological upgrading matters for the sustainable development of global value chains (GVCs). Drawing on a power‐dependence perspective, we hypothesize that OEMs’ dependence on the lead firms may weaken OEMs’ technological upgrading. We further identify technology‐related boundary conditions to moderate such a dependence‐upgrading relationship. We analyse a large longitudinal sample of Chinese OEMs that provide original equipment manufacturing for overseas lead firms and find strong support for the hypotheses. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the eroding effect of power‐asymmetric transactional dependence in shaping OEMs’ upgrading trajectory. By focusing on the power asymmetry in the transactional dependence between OEMs and lead firms in GVCs, this study opens a new and broad avenue for future GVC studies. The study also extends power‐dependence theory by identifying the hindering effect of high power asymmetry on avoidance activities.
Civil rights as patient experience: How healthcare organizations handle discrimination complaints
Authors: Kirkland Anna , Hyman Mikell 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe nondiscrimination clause of the Affordable Care Act, known as Section 1557, formally expanded patients' civil rights in nearly every healthcare setting in the United States in 2010. Regulations required healthcare organizations to name a person to handle grievances and set up an internal grievance process for resolving them. Drawing on interviews with 58 healthcare grievance handlers, this study examines how healthcare organizations respond to patients' discrimination complaints. We find that organizations incorporated the new right into preexisting complaint and grievance procedures, treating possible patient civil rights violations as patient experience problems. Grievance handlers smooth over problems using customer service strategies. These procedures diminish the efforts of policymakers to expand civil rights protections in healthcare. For civil rights to provoke real organizational change, discrimination complaints would need to be handled by professionals attuned to rights consciousness.
Manipulating phloem transport affects wood formation but not local nonstructural carbon reserves in an evergreen conifer
Authors: Rademacher Tim , Fonti Patrick , LeMoine James M. , Fonti Marina V. , Basler David , Chen Yizhao , Friend Andrew D. , Seyednasrollah Bijan , Eckes‐Shephard Annemarie H. , Richardson Andrew D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHow variations in carbon supply affect wood formation remains poorly understood in particular in mature forest trees. To elucidate how carbon supply affects carbon allocation and wood formation, we attempted to manipulate carbon supply to the cambial region by phloem girdling and compression during the mid‐ and late‐growing season and measured effects on structural development, CO2 efflux and nonstructural carbon reserves in stems of mature white pines. Wood formation and stem CO2 efflux varied with a location relative to treatment (i.e., above or below the restriction). We observed up to twice as many tracheids formed above versus below the treatment after the phloem transport manipulation, whereas the cell‐wall area decreased only slightly below the treatments, and cell size did not change relative to the control. Nonstructural carbon reserves in the xylem, needles and roots were largely unaffected by the treatments. Our results suggest that low and high carbon supply affects wood formation, primarily through a strong effect on cell proliferation, and respiration, but local nonstructural carbon concentrations appear to be maintained homeostatically. This contrasts with reports of decoupling of source activity and wood formation at the whole‐tree or ecosystem level, highlighting the need to better understand organ‐specific responses, within‐tree feedbacks, as well as phenological and ontogenetic effects on sink‐source dynamics.
Analyzing spillover effects of development of Asian highway on regional growth of Northeast Asian countries
Authors: Kim Euijune , Moon Seung‐Woon , Yi Yoojin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe develop a multinational multiregional computable general equilibrium (MMCGE) model to analyze the economic impacts of connecting two missing links on Asian Highway Route 1 (AH1) in 20 Northeast Asian regions. The major sources of economic benefits from the completion of two cross‐border transportation networks connecting Japan and China via the Korean peninsula are travel time (cost) reductions and decreased transportation rate. These variables are major shocks to the model, which identifies wider economic benefits through the supply and demand linkages among economic agents in these nations. In terms of the spillover effects on the 20 regions, the best alternative among the three proposed development projects is the redevelopment and operation of the North Korea Highway between South Korea and China. The development of the AH1 section from Tokyo, Japan to Dongbei, in Northeast China, has a synergy effect on the Chinese economy, generating 0.538% GDP growth. Our simulation of the model provides public agents and stockholders with analytical and strategic insights into the investment efficiency, effectiveness, and priority level of the proposed highway project in terms of national and regional economic goals.
Long‐read genome assembly and genetic architecture of fruit shape in the bottle gourd
Authors: Xu Pei , Wang Ying , Sun Fengshuo , Wu Rongling , Du Huilong , Wang Yuhong , Jiang Libo , Wu Xiaohua , Wu Xinyi , Yang Liming , Xing Nailin , Hu Yaowen , Wang Baogen , Huang Yunping , Tao Ye , Gao Qiang , Liang Chengzhi , Li Yanwei , Lu Zhongfu , Li Guojing 
Published: May 2021

SUMMARYThe bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria, Cucurbitaceae) is an important horticultural crop exhibiting tremendous diversity in fruit shape. The genetic architecture of fruit shape variation in this species remains unknown. We assembled a long‐read‐based, high‐quality reference genome (ZAAS_Lsic_2.0) with a contig N50 value over 390‐fold greater than the existing reference genomes. We then focused on dissection of fruit shape using a one‐step geometric morphometrics‐based functional mapping approach. We identified 11 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) responsible for fruit shape (fsQTLs), reconstructed their visible effects and revealed syntenic relationships of bottle gourd fsQTLs with 12 fsQTLs previously reported in cucumber, melon or watermelon. Homologs of several well‐known and newly identified fruit shape genes, including SUN, OFP, AP2 and auxin transporters, were comapped with bottle gourd QTLs.
Nurse Practitioners’ Implementation of Evidence‐Based Practice Into Routine Care: A Scoping Review
Authors: Clarke Vanessa , Lehane Elaine , Mulcahy Helen , Cotter Patrick 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundImplementation of evidence‐based practice (EBP) is essential for ensuring high‐quality health care at minimum cost. Although all nurses have a responsibility to implement EBP at an individual patient level, nurse practitioners (NPs) as clinical leaders have additional responsibilities in leading and collaborating with transdisciplinary teams to implement EBP across patient groups and embed practice change into routine care.AimTo explore the factors affecting the implementation of EBP into routine care by NPs. Specifically, to examine NP beliefs, levels of EBP implementation, and barriers and enablers to EBP implementation into routine care.MethodsA scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O'Malley (International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8, 2005, 19) framework. The electronic databases CINAHL, Medline, and PsycINFO were searched for studies published between 2009 and 2018 along with gray literature and reference lists of included articles. Abstracts and studies were screened using predefined eligibility criteria. Data extraction was undertaken using a standardized framework and data synthesis completed.ResultsSeven studies were included in the review. Findings indicated NPs valued EBP and believed it to be important in standardizing patient care. NPs’ implementation of EBP was found to be relatively low overall. It was not possible to fully determine the extent to which NPs implemented EBP into routine care. NPs experienced similar barriers to EBP implementation as do nurse generalists such as lack of time, lack of EBP competence, lack of support from colleagues and managers, and inadequate resources. In particular, NPs identified collaborative practice issues as factors affecting EBP implementation. Identified barriers included physician‐driven practice and the need to maintain professional and political boundaries. Supportive collaborative relationships and having professional confidence were identified facilitators.Linking Evidence to ActionAn exploration of NPs’ experience of interprofessional collaboration when implementing EBP into routine care is needed to identify requirements for support in this area.
Morning Preconditioning Exercise Does Not Increase Afternoon Performance in Competitive Runners
Authors: Dahl Even Brøndbo , Øygard Eivind , Paulsen Gøran , Rud Bjarne , Losnegard Thomas 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: Preconditioning exercise is a widely used strategy believed to enhance performance later the same day. The authors examined the influence of preconditioning exercises 6 hours prior to a time-to-exhaustion (TTE) test during treadmill running. Methods: Ten male competitive runners (age = 26 [3] y, height = 184 [8] cm, weight = 73 [9] kg, maximum oxygen consumption = 72 [7] mL·kg−1·min−1) did a preconditioning session of running (RUN) or resistance exercise (RES) or no morning exercise (NoEx) in a randomized order, separated by >72 hours. The RUN consisted of 15 minutes of low-intensity running and 4 × 15 seconds at race pace (21–24 km·h−1) on a treadmill; RES involved 5 minutes of low-intensity running and 2 × 3 repetitions of isokinetic 1-leg shallow squats with maximal mobilization. Following a 6-hour break, electrically evoked force (m. vastus medialis), countermovement jump, running economy, and a TTE of approximately 2 minutes were examined. Results: Relative to NoEx, no difference was seen for RUN or RES in TTE (mean ± 95% CI: −1.3% ± 3.4% and −0.5% ± 6.0%) or running economy (0.2% ± 1.6% and 1.9% ± 2.7%; all Ps > .05). Jump height was not different for the RUN condition (1.0% ± 2.7%]) but tended to be higher in RES than in the NoEx condition (1.5% ± 1.6%, P = .07). The electrically evoked force tended to reveal low-frequency fatigue (reduced 20:50-Hz peak force ratio) only after RES compared to NoEx (−4.5% ± 4.6%, P = .06). Conclusion: The RUN or RES 6 hours prior to approximately 2 minutes of TTE running test did not improve performance in competitive runners.
Endovascular reperfusion of M2 occlusions in acute ischemic stroke reduced disability and mortality: ETIS Registry results
Authors: Muszynski Patricio , Anadani Mohammad , Richard Sébastien , Marnat Gaultier , Bourcier Romain , Sibon Igor , Dargazanli Cyril , Arquizan Caroline , Maïer Benjamin , Blanc Raphaël , Lapergue Bertrand , Consoli Arturo , Eugene Francois , Vannier Stephane , Spelle Laurent , Denier Christian , Boulanger Marion , Gauberti Maxime , Saleme Suzana , Macian Francisco , Clarençon Frédéric , Rosso Charlotte , Naggara Olivier , Turc Guillaume , Ozkul-Wermester Ozlem , Papagiannaki Chrisanthi , Viguier Alain , Cognard Christophe , Le Bras Anthony , Evain Sarah , Wolff Valérie , Pop Raoul , Timsit Serge , Gentric Jean-Christophe , Bourdain Frédéric , Veunac Louis , Gory Benjamin , Finitsis Stephanos Nikolaos 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThe predictors of successful reperfusion and the effect of reperfusion after endovascular treatment (EVT) for M2 occlusions have not been well studied. We aimed to identify predictors of successful reperfusion and the effect of reperfusion on outcomes of EVT for M2 occlusions in current practice.MethodsPatients with acute ischemic stroke due to isolated M2 occlusions who were enrolled in the prospective multicenter Endovascular Treatment in Ischemic Stroke (ETIS) Registry in France between January 2015 and March 2020 were included. The primary outcome was a favorable outcome, defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–2 at 90 days. Successful reperfusion was defined as an improvement of ≥1 points in the modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction score between the first and the last intracranial angiogram.ResultsA total of 458 patients were included (median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score 14; 61.4% received prior intravenous thrombolysis). Compared with the non-reperfused patients, reperfused patients had an increased rate of excellent outcome (OR 2.3, 95% CI 0.98 to 5.36; p=0.053), favorable outcome (OR 2.79, 95% CI 1.31 to 5.93; p=0.007), and reduced 90-day mortality (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.79; p<0.01). Admission NIHSS score was the only predictor of successful reperfusion. First-line strategy was not a predictor of successful reperfusion or favorable outcome, but the use of a stent retriever, alone or with an aspiration catheter, was associated with higher rates of procedural complications and 90-day mortality.ConclusionsSuccessful reperfusion of M2 occlusions reduced disability and mortality. However, safety is a concern, especially if the procedure failed.
Distributing Information in Small-World Networks: Four Social Cases of the Process of Contagion in Spain
Authors: Belli Simone , Reyes Leonardo 
Published: May 2021

This case study is part of a research project based in Spain between 2011 and 2014 on the social institutions and affective processes involved in what is normally referred to as social movement. Our purpose is to study how information circulates in small-world networks in which the dynamics are modeled with a stochastic version of Greenberg–Hasting’s excitable model. This is a three-state model in which a node can be in an excited, passive, or susceptible state. Only in the susceptible state does a node interact with its neighbors in the small-world network, and its interaction depends on the probability of contagion. We introduce an infection probability, which is the only parameter in our implementation of Greenberg–Hasting’s model. The small-world network is characterized by a mean connectivity parameter and by a disorder parameter.The resulting dynamics are characterized by the average activity in the network. We have found transitions from inactive to active collective regimes, and we can induce this transition by varying. We search for different dynamics within small-world networks of citizens’ organizations by going through the following steps: identifying alliance patterns; looking for robust small-world attributes and how they are constructed; and interpreting the three modes of our model.
On a generalization of principal weak (po-)flatness of S-posets
Authors: Rashidi Hamideh , Golchin Akbar , Saany Hossein Mohammadzadeh 
Published: May 2021

In [H. Rashidi, A. Golchin and H. Mohammadzadeh saany, On [Formula: see text]-flat acts, Categ. Gen. Algebr. Struct. Appl. 12(1) (2020) 175–197], the study of [Formula: see text]-flatness property of right acts [Formula: see text] over a monoid [Formula: see text] that can be described by means of when the functor [Formula: see text]-preserves some pullbacks is initiated. In this paper, we extend these results to [Formula: see text]-posets and present equivalent description of [Formula: see text]-po-flatness of [Formula: see text]-posets. We show that [Formula: see text]-flatness does not imply torsion freeness in [Formula: see text]-posets and give some general properties and a characterization of pomonoids for which some other properties of their posets imply this condition.
An Approach of Statistical Corrections to Interactions in Hadron Resonance Gas
Authors: Hanafy Mahmoud , Maher Muhammad 
Published: May 2021

We propose a new model for hadrons with quantum mechanical attractive and repulsive interactions sensitive to some spatial correlation length parameter inspired by the Beth-Uhlenbeck quantum mechanical nonideal gas model (Uhlenbeck and Beth, 1937). We confront the thermodynamics calculated using our model with a corresponding recent lattice data at four different values of the baryon chemical potential,

μ

b

=
0
,
170
,
340
,
425

MeV

over temperatures ranging from

130

MeV

to

200

MeV

and for five values for the correlation length ranging from

0

to 0.2 fm. For equilibrium temperatures up to the vicinity of the chiral phase transition temperature ≃160 MeV, a decent fitting between the model and the lattice data is observed for different values of

r

, especially at

μ

b

,
r

=

170
,
0.05

,

340
,
0.1

,
and

340
,
0.15

, where

μ

b

is in MeV and

r

is in fm. For the vanishing chemical potential, the uncorrelated model

r
=
0

, which corresponds to the ideal hadron resonance gas model, seems to offer the best fit. The quantum hadron correlations seem to be more probable at nonvanishing chemical potentials, especially within the range

μ

b

∈

170
,
340

MeV

.
Medo de cair em idosos classificados como vulneráveis de um centro de referência à atenção da saúde do idoso
Authors: França Júlio César Queiroz de , Ferreira Miguel Jânio Costa , Lobos Juan Carlos Costa Mata , Santana Roseanne Maria Silva Barbosa , Moraes Júnior Juarez Belmiro , Carneiro Andréa Santana , Monteiro Silvio Gomes , Gonçalves Maria Claudia 
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Correlacionar o medo de cair com a vulnerabilidade em idosos. Método: A vulnerabilidade foi avaliada por meio da Pesquisa sobre Idosos Vulneráveis (VES-13) e o medo de cair pela Escala de Eficácia de Quedas - Internacional – Brasileira (FES-I-BR), participaram idosos de ambos os sexos e idade (60-85 anos), foram excluídos voluntários com limitações cognitivas e os que não participavam do grupo de convivência. Foram aplicado os testes de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, de Mann-Whitney, de Spearman, de regressão logística binária e para análise de sensibilidade e especificidade da FES-I-BR, empregou-se a curva da característica do operador receptor (ROC), a análise foi realizada em 95% nível de confiança e p<0,05 foi adotado. Resultados: Entre os n= 123 idosos, foi observado que (33,3%) são vulneráveis, n= 120 (97,6%) apresentaram alguma preocupação em cair. Entre as atividades analisadas na FES-I-BR, 21,1% estão extremamente preocupados em cair ao andar em superfícies escorregadias e foi observada uma correlação positiva e significativa entre a pontuação do VES-13 com a pontuação da FES-I-BR, a FES-I-BR foi um previsor significativo para a vulnerabilidade. A FES-I-BR de forma aceitável mostrou-se capaz de discriminar o medo de cair de vulneráveis de não vulneráveis em uma área de 0,656 (p<0,005), sensibilidade de 53,7% e especificidade de 69,5%. Conclusão: O medo de cair está correlacionado com a vulnerabilidade, os idosos vulneráveis apresentaram mais medo de cair, o medo de cair é fator preditor de vulnerabilidade e a FES-I-BR foi capaz de discriminar o medo de cair de idosos vulneráveis e não vulneráveis.
Associations Between Macronutrients From Different Dietary Sources and Serum Lipids in 24 639 UK Biobank Study Participants
Authors: Kelly Rebecca K. , Watling Cody Z. , Tong Tammy Y.N. , Piernas Carmen , Carter Jennifer L. , Papier Keren , Key Timothy J. , Perez-Cornago Aurora 
Published: May 2021

Objective:
Macronutrients may relate differently with serum lipids depending on their source, and understanding this relationship is important for cardiovascular disease prevention. We aimed to investigate the associations between macronutrients and macronutrients from different sources with serum lipids in UK Biobank.

Approach and Results:
Serum lipids were obtained from serum collected at baseline in 24 639 participants with diet assessed using ≥2 twenty-four–hour dietary assessments completed at baseline and during follow-up. Multivariable linear regressions were conducted to calculate geometric mean concentrations of serum lipids by quintiles of macronutrients. We modeled the association between isoenergetic substitution of 5% energy intake from saturated fatty acids (SFA) with other macronutrients and serum lipids. Free sugar intake was positively associated with triglycerides (0.15 mmol/L geometric mean difference between highest and lowest quintile of intake [95% CI, 0.12–0.17 mmol/L]), whereas nonfree sugar intake was inversely associated with triglycerides (−0.08 [−0.10 to −0.05]). SFA intake was positively associated with LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; 0.17 [0.13–0.20]), omega-3 fatty acid intake was inversely associated with triglycerides (−0.15 [−0.17 to −0.12]). Modeled substitution of SFA with polyunsaturated fatty acids was associated with lower total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglycerides.

Conclusions:
The relationship between carbohydrates and triglycerides may depend on their quality, and reducing free sugar intake may be important in cardiovascular disease prevention. Consistent with previous studies, SFA intake is associated with LDL-C and substitution of SFA intake with polyunsaturated fatty acids intake may be associated with a more favorable serum lipid profile.