bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent scholarship on eighteenth‐century women's poetry
Authors: Keown Kathleen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe eighteenth century was a period of vital importance for the development of women's poetry: with each passing decade, more women began to read and write verse in every available genre and form. Since the late 1980s, this poetry has become increasingly accessible, and individual women poets have been thoroughly integrated into academic research and teaching. This essay provides an overview of recent scholarship on eighteenth‐century women's poetry. It begins by outlining broad trends in women's literary history which have shaped the field, before highlighting the unique challenges that women's poetry presents. It then offers a more focused survey of recently published scholarship, with an emphasis on the last 2 decades. Emerging research themes span from the growth in book history and manuscript investigations, to the resurgence of formalist interpretation. Studies of women's poetry have allowed scholars not only to reassess women's contributions to eighteenth‐century literary history, but to reconsider the very nature of that history—by re‐envisioning how and why poetry was written, innovated, circulated, published, read, and valued within the period. The essay concludes by proposing future directions for the field, including the need for continued recovery work, more critical editions and monograph studies, new methodologies, cross‐period dialogues with scholars of early modern and Romantic women's poetry, and practical initiatives to support precarious early career researchers.
Intra‐session repeatability of anterior chamber depth across the chamber width using Pentacam Scheimpflug imaging in healthy subjects
Authors: Phu Jack , Tong Janelle , Kalloniatis Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeDespite the importance of anterior chamber depth (ACD) measurements in disease and ageing, the repeatability and their threshold for change is not known. Our purpose was to determine the intra‐session repeatability of Pentacam Scheimpflug photography for measuring the ACD across the chamber width in healthy subjects and thus inform expected limits of normality.MethodsPentacam Scheimpflug photography was used to obtain ACD measurements at 57 points across the central 8mm of the chamber width from one randomly selected eye of 130 healthy (normal vision and no ocular diseases, except age‐normal cataracts) subjects (median age 58.0 years, interquartile range 46.3–63.0 years; 48 males, 82 females). Intra‐session ACD measurements were compared. Univariate and multivariate linear regression was performed to identify categorical and continuous variables demonstrating a significant relationship with ACD and its repeatability.ResultsBland‐Altman analyses showed no directional or depth‐dependent bias in the difference between the first and second tests (mean bias −0.003 mm, 95% limits of agreement −0.115 to +0.109 mm). Multivariate analysis found gender to be a significant factor (p < 0.0001), but not age (p = 0.69) nor ethnicity (p = 0.65), although the model fit was poor (R2 = 0.004). There were no regional differences in repeatability measures found in males, but six locations in the superior aspect in females were found to be significantly different in their repeatability characteristics. Tolerance limits used to calculate the number of step sizes between <20 and >60‐year‐old age groups found 8.1–11.5 steps for females, and 7.5–9.2 steps for males.ConclusionsScheimpflug imaging using the Pentacam has excellent intra‐session repeatability. Only gender appeared to affect repeatability characteristics, manifesting with a greater number of meaningful steps of change between two extremes of age range in females compared to males, which provides guidance for identifying clinically significant and measurable change between tests.
Don't Stop Thinking About Tomorrow: Attitudes De se and De motu
Authors: Winsberg Eric 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper argues that the classification of propositional attitudes into the de re, de dicto, and de se is incomplete. De se attitudes are widely agreed to be closely connected to de re attitudes. But there is a species of belief that is linked to agent‐centered action in the way that de se beliefs are, but is also associated with entities, places, and especially times, under a description. These mark out a fourth kind. One way to think about what makes them distinctive is that, despite being ‘essentially indexical’ they can be retained across different contexts of evaluation without having diagonal content. The paper also discusses the connection between such beliefs and the kinds of utterances (like ‘Don't put off for tomorrow what you can do today’) that are contested as examples of what David Kaplan called ‘monsters.’
OsHyPRP06/R3L1 regulates root system development and salt tolerance via apoplastic ROS homeostasis in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Zhao Wenli , Wang Kun , Chang Yanpeng , Zhang Bo , Li Fei , Meng Yuxuan , Li Mengqi , Zhao Quanzhi , An Shiheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPlant root morphology is constantly reshaped in response to triggers from the soil environment. Such modifications in root system architecture involve changes in the abundance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the apoplast and in cell wall (CW) composition. The hybrid proline‐rich proteins (HyPRPs) gene family in higher plants is considered important in the regulation of CW structure. However, the functions of HyPRPs remain to be characterized. We therefore analysed the functions of OsR3L1 (Os04g0554500) in rice. qRT‐PCR and GUS staining revealed that OsR3L1 is expressed in roots. While the r3l1 mutants had a defective root system with fewer adventitious roots (ARs) and lateral roots (LRs) than the wild type, lines overexpressing OsR3L1 (R3L1‐OE) showed more extensive LR formation but with a shorter root length. The expression of OsR3L1 was initiated by the OsMADS25 transcription factor. Moreover, the abundance of OsR3L1 transcripts was increased by NaCl. The R3L1‐OE‐3 line exhibited enhanced salt tolerance, whereas the r3l1–2 mutant showed greater salt sensitivity. The addition of H2O2 increased the levels of OsR3L1 transcripts. Data are presented indicating that OsR3L1 modulates H2O2 accumulation in the apoplast. We conclude that OsR3L1 regulates salt tolerance through regulation of peroxidases and apoplastic H2O2 metabolism.
Unravelling the enigma of seed dispersal in Vanilla
Authors: Pansarin E. R. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Vanilla bean is the second most expensive spice in the world. While widely cultivated for centuries due to its importance for industry and gastronomy, its dispersers are unknown.

In the present study, I investigated the system of seed dispersal of Neotropical vanillas based on experimental observations, the morpho‐anatomy of fruits and seeds, and the effect of dormancy breakdown on seed germination.

My results show the central cavity of the fruit contains copious amounts of seed with sclerified coats that are consumed by birds. The combination of gradually opening dehiscent fruits and a well‐developed mesocarp rich in raphide idioblasts reinforces the idea that seed dispersal in Vanilla is more adapted to non‐chewing animals. The digestive acids of birds sclerify the hard seed coats, breaking dormancy and promoting germination at the beginning of the wet season, which is fundamental for seedling survival and for the establishment of plants in the early stages of development during the rainy season.

Zoochory in Vanilla is show for the first time. The chemical scarification of the seed coat is crucial for synchronizing the biological processes involved in seed germination. My evidence on endozoochory and the processes involved in seed germination of Neotropical vanillas provides new insights into understanding of the early evolution of seed dispersal in orchids.
Policy Design for COVID‐19: Worldwide Evidence on the Efficacies of Early Mask Mandates and Other Policy Interventions
Authors: An Brian Y. , Porcher Simon , Tang Shui‐Yan , Kim Eunji Emily 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
To understand the extent to which a policy instrument’s early adoption is crucial in crisis management, we leverage unique worldwide data that record the daily evolution of policy mandate adoptions and COVID‐19 infection and mortality rates. The analysis shows that the mask mandate is consistently associated with lower infection rates in the short term, and its early adoption boosts the long‐term efficacy. By contrast, the other five policy instruments—domestic lockdowns, international travel bans, mass gathering bans, and restaurant and school closures—show weaker efficacy. Governments prepared for a public health crisis with stronger resilience or capacity and those with stronger collectivist cultures were quicker to adopt nationwide mask mandates. From a policy design perspective, policymakers must avoid overreacting with less effective instruments and underreacting with more effective ones during uncertain times, especially when interventions differ in efficacy and cost.
Predictors of lung function trajectories in population‐based studies: A systematic review
Authors: Okyere Daniel O. , Bui Dinh S. , Washko George R. , Lodge Caroline J. , Lowe Adrian J. , Cassim Raisa , Perret Jennifer L. , Abramson Michael J. , Walters E. Haydn , Waidyatillake Nilakshi T. , Dharmage Shyamali C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDespite the growing body of evidence on lung function trajectories over the life course and their risk factors, the literature has not been systematically synthesized. Publications related to lung function trajectories were identified from PubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL databases. Two authors independently identified publications for inclusion according to predefined selection criteria. Studies that modelled lung function trajectories and reported associated exposures were included. Meta‐analyses could not be conducted due to heterogeneity in the exposures and methods used to model lung function trajectories. Nine publications were eligible for inclusion of which four used group‐based trajectory modelling to model lung function trajectories, while five used latent profile analysis. Studies with repeated lung function measurements over the life course identified more trajectories than others. Only one study spanning from childhood to middle age reported catch‐up trajectory. The following childhood risk factors for subnormal lung function trajectories were observed in at least across two studies: low birth weight, early wheezing, asthma, allergic sensitization, eczema, allergic rhinitis, lower respiratory tract infections, family history of asthma and second‐hand smoke exposure. Adult active asthma and personal cigarette smoking were observed to be associated with accelerated decline lung trajectories. Our review identified 10 risk factors associated with the growth, catch‐up, reduced plateau and decline trajectories of lung function. Intervention directed at childhood asthma and infections, and tobacco smoke exposure at all ages would help promote lung health and prevent subnormal lung function trajectories.
Maternal water stress reduces sensitivity of offspring to herbicides in Amaranthus palmeri (Palmer amaranth)
Authors: Osipitan O. Adewale , Matzrafi Maor , Ohadi Sara , Mesgaran Mohsen B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe immediate impact of prevailing environmental conditions on sensitivity of weeds to herbicides is well documented but little is known about the effects of parental environments on the responses of progeny to herbicides. It has been suggested that parental plants subjected to abiotic stress may result in progeny with increased tolerance to stresses. We tested this hypothesis by growing two populations of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) from California and Kansas under well‐watered (WW) and water‐deficit (25% of WW treatment) conditions to obtain F1 seeds. We then tested the responses of F1 seedlings to various doses of five herbicides with different modes of action. Dose‐response analysis of visual plant injury, aboveground biomass, and chlorophyll content showed that in 16 out of 30 comparisons, sensitivity to herbicides in A. palmeri progeny originated from a maternally water stressed environment was significantly lower than those obtained from WW plants. Only in one case the progeny from stressed plants was significantly more sensitive to herbicide (saflufenacil) than that from non‐stressed plants, and no differences were observed between the two types of progeny in all other (13) comparisons. The reduced sensitivity in progeny from stressed plants was consistent in terms of the evaluated response variables in population from California with the application of S‐metolachlor, rimsulfuron, and simazine; and in population from Kansas with the application of S‐metolachlor and rimsulfuron. Our study suggests that A. palmeri plants experiencing drought during the season may produce progeny that might be more difficult to control because of an increase in herbicide tolerance endowed through transgenerational effects of water stress.
Giardia duodenalis in colony stray cats from Italy
Authors: Guadano Procesi Isabel , Carnio Azzurra , Berrilli Federica , Montalbano Di Filippo Margherita , Scarito Alessia , Amoruso Cristina , Barni Marco , Ruffini Marco , Barlozzari Giulia , Scarpulla Manuela , De Liberato Claudio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGiardia duodenalis is the most common intestinal protozoan in humans and animals worldwide, including eight morphologically identical assemblages, infecting pets, livestock, wildlife and human beings. Assemblages A and B are those with the higher zoonotic potential, and they have been detected in several mammals other than humans; the others (C to H) show a higher host specificity. Cats can harbour both the specific Assemblage F and the zoonotic ones A and B. Several studies have been carried out on G. duodenalis genotypes in cats; however, the role of this species in the epidemiology of giardiasis is still poorly understood. In this scenario, the present study carried out the detection and genetic characterization at sub‐assemblage level of G. duodenalis from colony stray cats in central Italy. In the period 2018–2019, 133 cat faecal samples were analysed for the presence of G. duodenalis cysts by a direct immunofluorescence assay. Positive samples were subsequently subjected to molecular analyses for assemblage/sub‐assemblage identification. Forty‐seven samples (35.3%) were positive for G. duodenalis cysts by immunofluorescence. G. duodenalis DNA was amplified at SSU‐rDNA locus from 39 isolates: 37 were positive for zoonotic Assemblage A and 2 showed a mixed infection (A + B). Positive results for the β‐giardin gene were achieved for 25 isolates. Sequence analysis revealed 16 isolates belonging to Sub‐assemblage AII and 8 to Sub‐assemblage AIII. One isolate resulted as ambiguous AI/AIII. Large sequence variability at the sub‐assemblage level was detected, with several double peaks and mutations, making complex a proper isolate allocation. When compared with previous studies, the 35.3% prevalence of G. duodenalis in cats reported in the present article was surprisingly high. Moreover, all positive cats resulted to be infected with zoonotic assemblages/sub‐assemblages, thus indicating stray cats as a possible source of human giardiasis and highlighting the sanitary relevance of cat colonies in the study area.
Screening attendance, prevalence and severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a cohort of patients with diabetes mellitus secondary to chronic pancreatitis (DMsCP) in Northern Ireland
Authors: Jamison Catherine , Peto Tunde , Quinn Nicola , D’Aloisio Rossella , Cushley Laura Nicole , Johnston Philip C 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionThis study investigated Northern Ireland Diabetic Eye Screening Programme (NIDESP) attendance and diabetic retinopathy (DR) prevalence/severity in patients with diabetes mellitus secondary to chronic pancreatitis (PwDMsCP).Research design and methodsMedical/NIDESP records for all PwDMsCP attending the pancreatic diabetes clinic were analyzed in 2017 (n=78) and 2019 (n=94).ResultsBetween 2017 and 2019, those without DR decreased (76% to 63%); mild non-proliferative DR (NPDR), severe NPDR and PDR were found in 30%, 2% and 5%, respectively (previously 18%, 4%, 2%); diabetic maculopathy (DMac) was present in 12% (previously 10%). There was no significant difference between worst-eye DR/DMac grade and HbA1c, gender, body mass index, pancreatitis etiology and screening attendance (p>0.05). Patients with proliferative DR had longer diabetes and pancreatitis duration than DR-free patients (both p=0.001).ConclusionsDR prevalence was similar in PwDMsCP and patients with type 2 diabetes of similar disease duration. This work demonstrates the importance of reaching all patients for establishing DR severity reliably and to provide accessible, equitable care to PwDMsCP.
Longitudinal Outcomes of Gender Identity in Children (LOGIC): protocol for a prospective longitudinal cohort study of children referred to the UK gender identity development service
Authors: Kennedy Eilis , Spinner Lauren , Lane Chloe , Stynes Hannah , Ranieri Veronica , Carmichael Polly , Omar Rumana , Vickerstaff Victoria , Hunter Rachael , Wright Talen , Senior Robert , Butler Gary , Baron-Cohen Simon , Young Bridget , King Michael 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionGender identity development services (GIDS) worldwide have seen a significant increase in referrals in recent years. Many of these referrals consist of children and young people (CYP) who experience gender-related distress. This study aims to improve understanding of outcomes of CYP referred to the UK GIDS, specifically regarding gender identity, mental health, physical health and quality of life. The impact of factors such as co-occurring autism and early social transition on outcomes over time will be explored.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective cohort study of CYP aged 3–14 years when referred to the UK GIDS. Eligible participants will be ≤14 years at the time their referral was accepted and will be on the waitlist for the service when baseline measures are completed. Children aged under 12 years will complete the measures in an interview format with a researcher, while young people aged 12 years and over and their parents/caregivers will complete online or paper-based questionnaires. Participants will complete follow-up measures 12 months and 24 months later. The final sample size is expected to be approximately 500. Logistic regression models will be used to explore associations between prespecified explanatory variables and gender dysphoria. Appropriate regression models will also be used to investigate explanatory variables for other outcomes. Subgroup analyses based on birth-assigned gender, age at referral and co-occurring autistic traits will be explored.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Health Research Authority and London – Hampstead Research Ethics Committee (reference: 19/LO/0857). The study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at both conferences and stakeholder events. Findings will be used to inform clinical practice.
Sonographic Evaluation of the Mechanism of Active Labor (SonoLabor Study): observational study protocol regarding the implementation of the sonopartogram
Authors: Dira Laurentiu Mihai , Tudorache Stefania , Antsaklis Panagiotis , Daskalakis George , Themistoklis Dagklis , Belciug Smaranda , Stoean Ruxandra , Novac Marius , Cara Monica Laura , Dragusin Roxana , Florea Maria , Patru Ciprian , Zorila Lucian , Nagy Rodica , Ruican Dan , Iliescu Dominic Gabriel 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionOver the last decades, a large body of literature has shown that intrapartum clinical digital pelvic estimations of fetal head position, station and progression in the pelvic canal are less accurate, compared with ultrasound (US) scan. Given the increasing evidence regarding the advantages of using US to evaluate the mechanism of labour, our study protocol aims to develop sonopartograms for fetal cephalic presentations. They will allow for a more objective evaluation of labour progression than the traditional labour monitoring, which could enable more rapid decisions regarding the mode of delivery.Methods/analysisThis is a prospective observational study performed in three university hospitals, with an unselected population of women admitted in labour at term. Both clinical and US evaluations will be performed assessing fetal head position, descent and rotation. Specific US parameters regarding fetal head position, progression and rotation will be recorded to develop nomograms in a similar way that partograms were developed. The primary outcome is to develop nomograms for the longitudinal US assessment of labour in unselected nulliparous and multiparous women with fetal cephalic presentation. The secondary aims are to assess the sonopartogram differences in occiput anterior and posterior deliveries, to compare the labour trend from our research with the classic and other recent partogram models and to investigate the capability of the US labour monitoring to predict the outcome of spontaneous vaginal delivery.Ethics and disseminationAll protocols and the informed consent form comply with the Ministry of Health and the professional society ethics guidelines. University ethics committees approved the study protocol. The trial results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and at the conference presentations. The study will be implemented and reported in line with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT02326077).
Physical activity levels, lifestyle behaviour and musculoskeletal health profiles among seated video gamers during COVID-19
Authors: Harding Nicholas , Noorbhai Habib 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesThe aim of this research study was to determine the physical activity levels of non-active video gamers, and to determine how much other time was spent with sedentary behaviours, both in recreational and occupational domains.MethodsThe study used the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and investigated physical activity levels and health data of seated gamers. Typical weekly gaming habits, self-reported musculoskeletal pain and physical activity levels experienced by participants while gaming was also obtained.ResultsOut of a total of 102 participants, 69.6% stated that they game for 3 hours or more on a typical weekday. Most participants video game seated or reclined (96.1%, p=0.01), with only four participants engaging in some form of active video gaming. In relation to physical activity levels, despite the high frequency and duration of gameplay, 87.3% of participants stated they engaged in moderate-intensity physical activity (p=0.02). There was an association with video gaming and musculoskeletal pain, with over half of the participants stating they experienced pain while gaming. There was also a link between seated video gaming and musculoskeletal pain among participants.ConclusionFindings from this study show that the high frequency and duration of video gaming among gamers does not affect physical activity for moderate and vigorous intensities, but does affect musculoskeletal pain. Further research is required to determine whether video gaming has a significant effect on lifestyle, sedentary habits and musculoskeletal health, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic where sedentary behaviour has likely increased.