bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY ACQUISITION ADDICTED TO PLAYING ONLINE GAMES
Authors: Alfitri Novia , Arifmiboy Arifmiboy , Dewi Merry Prima 
Published: July 2021

This research aims to know students’ vocabulary acquisition influenced by playing online games. It wants to see the comparison of students’ vocabulary acquisition and the causes of similarities or differences in students who are addicted to playing online games with students who are not addicted. This type of research was causal-comparative by using mix method. The data were obtained through questionnaires, test, and interview. The population of this research of 117 students. To determine the sample, researchers used non-probability sampling, namely quota sampling. 73 students are addicted and not addicted. To analyze the data collected, researchers used the U-test by Mann Whitney using the SPSS 20 application with a significance of α = 0.05. With the provision of significance values> 0.05, accepted and is rejected, in this case, the researcher finds sig. (0.607> 0.05), it can be concluded that there are similarities between students who are addicted to not addicted. The occurrence of this equation is quite reasonable. Researchers used a questionnaire to group students who were addicted to playing online games. Then, a test was given to find out the comparison of students' vocabulary acquisition. After that, the data were analyzed using a U-test by Mann-Whitney. From the findings, it showed that there were similarities in students’ vocabulary acquisition between students who are addicted to playing games with students not addicted to playing games.
El Peón que se negaba
Authors: Stein William W. 
Published: July 2021

Cuando el Proyecto Cornell — Perú se hizo cargo en enero de 1952 de la hacienda Vicos, los términos del Contrato exigían la continuación del sistema de hacienda; de modo que a medida que se iban implementando algunas reformas experimentales durante los cinco años en los que los miembros del Proyecto actuaron como patrones, los trabajadores de la hacienda se quedaron bajo ciertas condiciones tradicionales de control. El mismo proyecto consistía en un intento de gran embergadura, tanto para efectuar ciertas reformas en la comunidad de Vicos, como para contribuir a un mejor entendimiento del cambio socio cultural.
Procesos por Supersticiones en la Provincia de Cajamarca en la Segunda Mitad del siglo XVIII
Authors: Dammert Bellido José 
Published: July 2021

En su brillante estudio sobre la lucha contra las religiones autóctonas en el Perú colonial, Pierre Duviols utiliza expedientes encontrados en el archivo arzobispal de Lima y manifiesta que ha revisado también los fondos documentales de Cusco, Arequipa, y Ayacucho, dejando de lado a Trujillo. En el archivo diocesano de Cajamarca, del fondo proveniente de Trujillo, se hallan tres procesos incoados por superstición y aunque pertenecientes al siglo XVIII, posterior a la investigación de Duviols (págs. 210, 213, 346), son indicios que deben hallarse otros en el archivo trujillano. El procedimiento seguido en las parroquias de Cajamarca está basado fundamentalmente en las instrucciones prescritas por los Arzobispos de Lima, Lobo Guerrero y Villagómez en 1613 y 1649, estudiadas por Duviols (págs. 178 ss).
No hay pastoral sin reflexión teológica
Authors: Garr Thomas M. 
Published: July 2021

El fin declarado del Instituto de Pastoral andina es conocer la realidad cultural de los pueblos de la Sierra para poder llevar a cabo más eficazmente las acciones pastorales y sociales necesarias para una evangelización cabal. Con este fin se editaron ya varios estudios, se realizó un buen número de cursillos y encuentros en la sede del Instituto y los dirigentes del IPA han participado en muchas reuniones pastorales de las jurisdicciones eclesiásticas de la Región. Reconociendo todo lo positivo de la labor ya realizada quiero manifestar en este artículo que, a mi parecer, todavía falta una etapa importante en el proceso de acercamiento al mundo campesino.
Carbon monoxide: mechanism of toxic action, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of acute intoxication
Authors: Grebenyuk A. N. , Bykov V. N. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Carbon monoxide (CO) remains one of the most common causes of acute poisoning and death, both in everyday life and in emergency situations, especially in fires.Material and methods. The paper summarizes information about the regulatory effects, mechanisms of toxic action, pathogenesis and clinical picture of intoxication, as well as predictors of the severity of CO poisoning.Results. The main mechanism of the toxic effect of CO is due to its ability to bind to the protohemal iron of hemoglobin (Hb) to form carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO). The toxicity of CO may also be enhanced by impaired functions of the myoglobin of the myocardium and skeletal muscles, mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase, and iron-containing enzymes of the antioxidant system. The leading link in the pathogenesis of acute CO intoxication is a violation of the oxygen transport function of hemoglobin and the associated development of hemic and tissue hypoxia. CO-induced cell and tissue damage due to the induction of mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, free radical hyperproduction, lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and apoptosis also play a role in the pathogenesis of intoxication.Conclusion. The mechanism of toxic action of CO, associated primarily with the formation of carboxyhemoglobin and the development of hypoxia, determines the clinical manifestations of acute intoxication, which depend on the concentration of CO and the duration of exposure, but are almost always associated with the central nervous system and cardiovascular system.
Stellar and Accretion Disk Parameters of the Close Binary HD 50526
Authors: Rosales J. A. , Mennickent R. E. , Djurašević G. , Schleicher D. R. G. , Zharikov S. , Araya I. , Celedón L. , Curé M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We present a photometric and spectroscopic study of HD 50526, an ellipsoidal binary member of the group Double Periodic Variable stars. Performing data mining in photometric surveys and conducting new spectroscopic observations with several spectrographs during 2008–2015, we obtained orbital and stellar parameters of the system. The radial velocities were analyzed with the genetic PIKAIA algorithm, whereas Doppler tomography maps for the Hα and Hβ lines were constructed with the Total Variation Minimization code. An optimized simplex algorithm was used to solve the inverse problem adjusting the light curve with the best stellar parameters for the system. We find an orbital period of 6.ͩ701 ± 0.ͩ001 and a long photometric cycle of 191 ± 2 days. We detected the spectral features of the coldest star and modeled it with a

log
g
=
2.79
±
0.02

dex

giant of mass 1.13 ± 0.02 M
⊙ and effective temperature 10500 ± 125 K. In addition, we determine a mass ratio q = 0.206 ± 0.033 and that the hot star is a B-type dwarf of mass 5.48 ± 0.02 M
⊙. The V-band orbital light curve can be modeled including the presence of an accretion disk around the hotter star. This fills the Roche lobe of the hotter star and has a radius 14.74 ± 0.02 R
⊙ and the temperature at the outer edge is 9400 K. Two bright spots located in the disk account for the global morphology of the light curve. The Doppler tomography maps of Hα and Hβ reveal complex structures of mass fluxes in the system.
Devenir lanceur d’alerte ?
Authors: Cadiou Stéphane , Desrumaux Clément 
Published: July 2021

Cet article se propose de comprendre les conditions de possibilité des pratiques de lutte contre la corruption au sein d’espaces politiques locaux. Les rares dénonciations de pratiques politiques et financières vouées à demeurer discrètes supposent de s’extraire de l’arène politique mais le déplacement de la compétition politique sur le terrain judiciaire et médiatique recèle des coûts politiques. S’ils peuvent figurer comme des « chevaliers blancs » de la vie locale, les dénonciateurs s’exposent au risque de se laisser enfermer dans un registre moral. Ils doivent, de surcroît, articuler des scènes, sans doute complémentaires mais aussi disjointes. L’article revient au final sur les dénonciations des affaires locales de corruption et sur leurs coûts en termes de carrière politique.
Faire rendre des comptes
Authors: Kaciaf Nicolas 
Published: July 2021

La presse locale est-elle en capacité de surveiller les élus et rendre compte de leurs éventuels écarts ? À partir d’une monographie consacrée au site Médiacités , journal en ligne d’enquêtes consacrées à quatre métropoles françaises, cet article vise à saisir l’ensemble des conditions qui rendent possibles la publication d’informations potentiellement « dérangeantes » pour les acteurs occupant des positions de pouvoir à l’échelle locale. L’observation de l’édition lilloise de ce pure player permet de comprendre, en creux, pourquoi les médias régionaux dominants s’avèrent si peu incisifs et curieux vis-à-vis des élites politiques locales et de leur rapport à l’argent. Nous identifions l’imbrication de quatre difficultés que les spécificités des échelles territoriales infranationales tendent à exacerber : garantir la viabilité économique du média ; accéder à des informateurs et /ou à des documents divulguant des faits susceptibles de nourrir la réprobation ; bénéficier de rédacteurs disposés à l’enquête et capables de résister aux réactions des personnalités mises en cause ; bénéficier de relais dans l’espace public local pour que les informations puissent enclencher des controverses visibles et durables.
Apprendre le « sens de soi » en petite section de maternelle
Authors: Zotian Elsa 
Published: July 2021

Lorsqu’ils entrent en petite section de l’école maternelle, les enfants se trouvent soumis à de nouvelles attentes de la part des professionnelles. Le passage en maternelle constitue, en effet, un moment clé d’entrée dans la collectivité. Or, si les jeunes enfants ont à intégrer le collectif de la classe, il apparaît qu’ils ont également à apprendre un certain « sens de soi ». Ces deux ordres d’attentes sont étroitement liés l’un à l’autre. Pour les enfants, il s’agit d’apprendre à distinguer ce qui relève d’eux-mêmes et des autres, et c’est ainsi qu’on leur apprend progressivement à fonctionner en groupe. Cet article rend compte de ce « sens de soi » tel qu’il est attendu par les professionnelles pour les enfants de petite section à partir de l’analyse de pratiques quotidiennes au sein des classes : se reconnaître dans son prénom et son genre, avoir le sens de la propriété individuelle, acquérir une conception individuelle du travail, respecter l’Autre dans son individualité, ne pas s’oublier dans des relations amoureuses ou amicales, savoir rendre compte de ses émotions en constituent les contours. L’analyse souligne également les effets, dans ces processus, de la montée en puissance des pédagogies alternatives.
Les usages des réseaux sociaux numériques dans le cadre de l’accompagnement socioéducatif
Authors: Sorin François 
Published: July 2021

Cet article porte sur les usages numériques dans le cadre de l’accompagnement socioéducatif, sous le double rapport de la médiatisation et de la médiation numérique. En s’appuyant sur une série d’entretiens réalisés en 2018 et 2019 auprès de professionnels de la jeunesse engagés dans le dispositif « Promeneurs du Net » et qui utilisent les réseaux sociaux numériques les plus courants (Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, etc.) dans le cadre de leur activité professionnelle, cet article présente une typologie des modes de « présence éducative sur Internet » (la présence, l’articulation, la participation) qui coexistent au sein de ce réseau professionnel. L’hétérogénéité des « manières d’être » promeneur du Net et d’exercer avec et sur les réseaux sociaux numériques apparaît comme le résultat de l’appropriation individuelle et collective des dispositifs sociotechniques et de la traduction localisée des intentions socioéducatives contenues dans le dispositif « Promeneurs du Net ».
Citrullination Alters the Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Functions of the Host Defense Peptide Canine Cathelicidin K9CATH In Vitro
Authors: Al Adwani Salma , Padhi Avinash , Karadottir Harpa , Mörman Cecilia , Gräslund Astrid , Végvári Ákos , Johansson Jan , Rising Anna , Agerberth Birgitta , Bergman Peter 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
K9CATH is the sole cathelicidin in canines (dogs) and exhibits broad antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. K9CATH also modulates inflammatory responses and binds to LPS. These activities depend on the secondary structure and a net-positive charge of the peptide. Peptidylarginine deiminases (PAD) convert cationic peptidyl arginine to neutral citrulline. Thus, we hypothesized that citrullination is a biologically relevant modification of the peptide that would reduce the antibacterial and LPS-binding activities of K9CATH. Recombinant PAD2 and PAD4 citrullinated K9CATH to various extents and circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that both native and citrullinated K9CATH exhibited similar α-helical secondary structures. Notably, citrullination of K9CATH reduced its bactericidal activity, abolished its ability to permeabilize the membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and reduced the hemolytic capacity. Electron microscopy showed that citrullinated K9CATH did not cause any morphological changes of Gram-negative bacteria, whereas the native peptide caused clear alterations of membrane integrity, concordant with a rapid bactericidal effect. Finally, citrullination of K9CATH impaired its capacity to inhibit LPS-mediated release of proinflammatory molecules from mouse and canine macrophages. In conclusion, citrullination attenuates the antibacterial and the LPS-binding properties of K9CATH, demonstrating the importance of a net positive charge for antibacterial lysis of bacteria and LPS-binding effects and suggests that citrullination is a means to regulate cathelicidin activities.
HECT E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Nedd4 Is Required for Antifungal Innate Immunity
Authors: Nuro-Gyina Patrick K , Tang Na , Guo Hui , Yan Chengkai , Zeng Qiuming , Waldschmidt Thomas J , Zhang Jian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Candida albicans is the most common cause of fungal infections in humans, and disseminated candidiasis has become one of the leading causes of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections with a high mortality rate. However, little is known about the host–pathogen interactions and the mechanisms of antifungal immunity. Here, we report that Nedd4 (neuronal precursor cell–expressed developmentally downregulated 4) is essential for signaling through Dectin-1 and Dectin-2/3. We showed that mice that lack Nedd4 globally or only in the myeloid compartment are highly susceptible to systemic C. albicans infection, which correlates with heightened organ fungal burden, defective inflammatory response, impaired leukocyte recruitment to the kidneys, and defective reactive oxygen species expression by granulocytes. At the molecular level, Nedd4−/− macrophages displayed impaired activation of TGF-β–activating kinase-1 and NF-κB, but normal activation of spleen tyrosine kinase and protein kinase C-δ on C. albicans yeast and hyphal infections. These data suggest that Nedd4 regulates signaling events downstream of protein kinase C-δ but upstream of or at TGF-β–activating kinase-1.
Contribution of Antibody-Mediated Effector Functions to the Mechanism of Efficacy of Vaccines for Opioid Use Disorders
Authors: Huseby Kelcher April M , Baehr Carly A , Hamid Fatima A , Hart Geoffrey T , Pravetoni Marco 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Vaccines and mAbs offer promising strategies to treat substance use disorders (SUDs) and prevent overdose. Despite vaccines and mAbs against SUDs demonstrating proof of efficacy, selectivity, and safety in animal models, it is unknown whether the mechanism of action of these immunotherapeutics relies exclusively on the formation of Ab/drug complexes, or also involves Ab-mediated effector functions. Hence, this study tested whether the efficacy of active and passive immunization against drugs of abuse requires phagocytosis, the intact Fc portion of the anti-drug Ab, FcγRs, or the neonatal FcR (FcRn). The efficacy of a lead vaccine against oxycodone was not diminished in mice after depletion of macrophages or granulocytes. Anti-oxycodone F(ab′)2 fragments resulted in lower serum levels of F(ab′)2 compared with intact mAbs, and F(ab′)2s were not as effective as the parent mAbs in reducing distribution of oxycodone to the brain. The efficacy of vaccines and mAbs against oxycodone was preserved in either FcγIII or FcγI–IV ablated mice, suggesting that FcγRs are not required for Ab efficacy. Finally, both active and passive immunization against oxycodone in FcRn−/− mice yielded reduced efficacy compared with wild-type control mice. These data identified a role for FcRn, but not for phagocytosis or Fc-dependent effector functions, in mediating the efficacy of vaccines and mAbs against SUD. This study supports rational design of vaccines and mAbs engineered for maximal neutralization activity and optimal FcRn binding.
Confidence and Knowledge of Athletic Trainers in Managing Patellofemoral Pain
Authors: Zambarano Erika K. , Bazett-Jones David M. , de Oliveira Silva Danilo , Barton Christian J. , Glaviano Neal R. 
Published: July 2021

ContextPatellofemoral pain (PFP) is prevalent and challenging to manage. Most patients with PFP are unsatisfied with their knee function at 6 months after treatment and report ongoing pain up to 16 years after diagnosis. The confidence and knowledge of athletic trainers (ATs) in providing evidence-based care to people with PFP is unknown.ObjectiveTo investigate the confidence and knowledge of ATs in the diagnosis, risk factors, prognosis, and treatment with current evidence for PFP.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingOnline survey.Patient or Other ParticipantsA random sample of 3000 ATs were invited to participate; 261 completed the survey (10% participation rate, 88% completion rate).Main Outcome Measures(s)We surveyed AT demographics, confidence in PFP management, and knowledge related to diagnosis, risk factors, prognosis, and treatment. The confidence and knowledge of ATs in managing PFP was assessed. Their beliefs about evidence were compared with the available evidence (ie, consensus statements, position statements, systematic reviews).ResultsOf the ATs surveyed, 91% were confident that their management of PFP aligned with the current evidence, but only 59% were confident in identifying risk factors for PFP development. In addition, 91% to 92% of ATs agreed that quadriceps and hip muscle weakness were risk factors for PFP, which aligns with the current evidence for the former but not the latter. Moreover, 93% to 97% of ATs' responses related to therapeutic exercise aligned with current evidence. However, 35% to 48% supported the use of passive treatments, such as electrophysical agents and ultrasound, which did not align with the current evidence.ConclusionsMost ATs were aware of supporting evidence for therapeutic exercise in PFP management and were confident providing it, creating a strong foundation for evidence-based care. However, varying levels of awareness of the evidence related to risk factors and passive treatments for PFP highlight the need for professional development initiatives to better align ATs' knowledge with the current evidence.
Epidemiology of Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Women's Cross-Country: 2014–2015 Through 2018–2019
Authors: Chandran Avinash , Morris Sarah N. , Boltz Adrian J. , Robison Hannah J. , Collins Christy L. 
Published: July 2021

Context
Women's cross-country is a thriving sport at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) level with over 1000 sponsored programs association-wide.

Background
Routine examinations of women's cross-country injuries are important for identifying emerging time trends in injury incidence and outcomes.

Methods
Exposure and injury data collected in the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program from 2014–2015 through 2018–2019 were analyzed. Injury counts, rates, and proportions were used to describe injury characteristics, and injury rate ratios were used to examine differential injury rates.

Results
The overall injury rate was 3.96 per 1000 athlete-exposures. Most reported injuries were inflammatory conditions (33.6%), strains (17.7%), and fractures (9.1%). The most commonly reported injuries were medial tibial stress syndrome (10.0%) and lateral ligament complex tears (ankle sprains; 4.2%).

Summary
Findings of this study were not entirely consistent with existing evidence. Future studies are needed to examine the nature of inflammatory conditions and fractures in this population, as well as temporal patterns in commonly reported injuries.
Epidemiology of Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Men's Lacrosse: 2014–2015 Through 2018–2019
Authors: D'Alonzo Bernadette A. , Bretzin Abigail C. , Chandran Avinash , Boltz Adrian J. , Robison Hannah J. , Collins Christy L. , Morris Sarah N. 
Published: July 2021

ContextThe popularity of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) men's lacrosse has been steadily increasing since the early 1980s.BackgroundInjury surveillance is an important tool to aid in identifying emerging patterns of sport-related injury in NCAA men's lacrosse.MethodsInjury data collected from a sample of men's lacrosse teams through the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program for the academic years 2014–2015 through 2018–2019 were analyzed. Athlete exposures were estimated and computed based on collected exposure data. Injury counts, rates, and proportions were used to describe injury characteristics, and injury rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate differences in injury rates.ResultsThe overall injury rate was 4.90 per 1000 athlete exposures (AEs), and the competition injury rate was higher than the practice injury rate (IRR = 2.59; 95% CI = 2.35, 2.84). The overall preseason injury rate was higher than the regular and postseason injury rates. The most reported injuries were concussions (8.0%), ankle sprains (7.7%), and hamstring tears (6.9%).ConclusionsStudy findings were comparable with existing epidemiological evidence. The overall burden of concussions and lower extremity injuries warrant further attention in this population.