bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between age, category and experience with the soccer referee’s self-efficacy
Authors: López Aguilar José , Castillo-Rodriguez Alfonso , Chinchilla-Minguet José L. , Onetti-Onetti Wanesa 
Published: June 2021

Soccer referees (SRs) encounter stressful situations during competitions and sometimes even outside them, which may affect their decision making. Therefore, it is important that they possess or acquire optimal levels of self-efficacy, since it is related to less stress during competition, also guaranteeing sports performance and prevent sports abandonment. The objectives of this study were to characterize the profile, in terms of self-efficacy, of SRs depending on their category, age, and experience and to determine the relationship of these factors on SR self-efficacy. Two-hundred fifty-six Spanish referees participated in this study and Referee Self-Efficacy Scale was administered and completed. The results indicated that the SRs older than 25 years, of national category, and with experience greater than or equal to 8 years, have higher levels of self-efficacy than those with the least (p < .01). Likewise, moderate positive correlations were also observed between global self-efficacy and the category, age, and experience of the SRs. In conclusion, age, category and experience factors relate the self-efficacy of the SR, which can explain up to 17% of the variance, affecting decision-making and other decisive behaviors in the competition. These findings are of interest to delegations and referee committees seeking to implement psychological intervention programs to prevent burnout and abandonment of sports practice due to the consequences of low self-efficacy.
Comparative Elimination of Begomoviruses in Cassava Meristems and Axillary Buds
Authors: Zango Adonise F. Valam , Zinga Innocent , Soupké Régis Dimitri Longué , Yandia Simplice Prosper , Marabana Brice Toko , Kassa Nicole Gado Yamba , Otabo Françoise R. , Mebourou Emmanuel Kamba , Ephrem Kosh Komba , M’Villa Armand , Ankogui Guy Florent , Silla Semballa , Mabanza Joseph 
Published: June 2021

Aim: The production of healthy cuttings from a local cassava cultivar for cassava mosaic control.
Study design: The study was carried out at the In Vitro Culture Laboratory using the techniques of thermotherapy and culture of tissues and explants in a specific medium.
Place and duration: The study was carried out at the Laboratory of Biological and Agronomic Sciences for Development at the University of Bangui, Central African Republic from December 2017 to June 2018.
Methodology: A variety of cassava called six-month very susceptible to mosaic was used for this work. The cuttings used were infected by Cassava Mosaic Begomoviruses (CMBs) with high severity. It were subcultured in a room under the heat of 37 ° C to 40 ° C for two weeks. Explants and meristems were taken from the stems and the apices, respectively. These collected materials were treated and seeded on appropriate culture media. After the plants produced in vitro were acclimatized and the leaves were removed to check their phytosanitary state by the PCR technique.
Results: The rate of emergence of the acclimatized plants and the expression of the disease on the microplants were evaluated. The results show that 75% of the weaned vitro plants recovered under acclimatization. In addition, the acclimatized plants left growing in the greenhouse for four months remained asymptomatic. Molecular analysis by PCR showed that begomoviruses were not detected on meristem samples unlike samples from stem fragments.
Conclusion: The combination of thermotherapy technique associated with the culture of meristems constitutes an effective means useful for the sanitation of infected plant material.
A Manganese Phosphate Nanocluster Activates the cGAS‐STING Pathway for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Gao Min , Xie Yu‐Qing , Lei Kewen , Zhao Yu , Kurum Armand , Van Herck Simon , Guo Yugang , Hu Xiaomeng , Tang Li 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTargeting the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway with cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs), the natural STING agonists, is a promising immunotherapeutic strategy for cancer. However, the clinical application of natural CDNs as therapeutics is greatly hindered by their intrinsic properties including negative charges, small molecular weight, and high susceptibility to enzymatic degradation. Mn2+ ions have been recently discovered to directly activate the cyclic GMP‐AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) and augment cGAMP‐STING binding affinity. Here, a PEGylated manganese(II) phosphate (MnP‐PEG) nanocluster is developed with high biocompatibility and potent capacity to stimulate the cGAS‐STING pathway. MnP‐PEG nanoclusters activate the immature bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells (DCs) leading to 57.3‐ and 13.3‐fold higher production of interferon β and interleukin‐6 than free cGAMP, respectively. The potent STING activation capacity is likely due to the efficient cellular internalization of MnP‐PEG nanoclusters by DCs and acid‐triggered release of Mn2+ ions in the endolysosomes. Intratumoral administration of MnP‐PEG nanoclusters markedly enhances tumor infiltration as well as maturation of DCs and macrophages, and promotes activation and cytotoxicity of T cells and natural killer cells in the tumor. MnP‐PEG nanocluster in combination with a checkpoint inhibitor leads to significant tumor regression in the B16F10 murine melanoma model without any overt toxicities.
1,3‐Diketone‐Modified Nucleotides and DNA for Cross‐Linking with Arginine‐Containing Peptides and Proteins
Authors: Leone Denise‐Liu' , Hubálek Martin , Pohl Radek , Sýkorová Veronika , Hocek Michal 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLinear or branched 1,3‐diketone‐linked thymidine 5′‐O‐mono‐ and triphosphate were synthesized through CuAAC click reaction of diketone‐alkynes with 5‐azidomethyl‐dUMP or ‐dUTP. The triphosphates were good substrates for KOD XL DNA polymerase in primer extension synthesis of modified DNA. The nucleotide bearing linear 3,5‐dioxohexyl group (HDO) efficiently reacted with arginine‐containing peptides to form stable pyrimidine‐linked conjugates, whereas the branched 2‐acetyl‐3‐oxo‐butyl (PDO) group was not reactive. Reaction with Lys or a terminal amino group formed enamine adducts that were prone to hydrolysis. This reactive HDO modification in DNA was used for bioconjugations and cross‐linking with Arg‐containing peptides or proteins (e.g. histones).
Aluminium‐Catalyzed C(sp)−H Borylation of Alkynes
Authors: Willcox Dominic R. , De Rosa Daniel M. , Howley Jack , Levy Abigail , Steven Alan , Nichol Gary S. , Morrison Carole A. , Cowley Michael J. , Thomas Stephen P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHistorically used in stoichiometric hydroalumination chemistry, recent advances have transformed aluminium hydrides into versatile catalysts for the hydroboration of unsaturated multiple bonds. This catalytic ability is founded on the defining reactivity of aluminium hydrides with alkynes and alkenes: 1,2‐hydroalumination of the unsaturated π‐system. This manuscript reports the aluminium hydride catalyzed dehydroborylation of terminal alkynes. A tethered intramolecular amine ligand controls reactivity at the aluminium hydride centre, switching off hydroalumination and instead enabling selective reactions at the alkyne C−H σ‐bond. Chemoselective C−H borylation was observed across a series of aryl‐ and alkyl‐substituted alkynes (21 examples). On the basis of kinetic and density functional theory studies, a mechanism in which C−H borylation proceeds by σ‐bond metathesis between pinacolborane (HBpin) and alkynyl aluminium intermediates is proposed.
Au/Pt‐Egg‐in‐Nest Nanomotor for Glucose‐Powered Catalytic Motion and Enhanced Molecular Transport to Living Cells
Authors: Kwon Taewan , Kumari Nitee , Kumar Amit , Lim Jongwon , Son Chang Yun , Lee In Su 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNanostructures converting chemical energy to mechanical work by using benign metabolic fuels, have huge implications in biomedical science. Here, we introduce Au/Pt‐based Janus nanostructures, resembling to “egg‐in‐nest” morphology (Au/Pt‐ENs), showing enhanced motion as a result of dual enzyme‐relay‐like catalytic cascade in physiological biomedia, and in turn showing molecular‐laden transport to living cells. We developed dynamic‐casting approach using silica yolk‐shell nanoreactors: first, to install a large Au‐seed fixing the silica‐yolk aside while providing the anisotropically confined concave hollow nanospace to grow curved Pt‐dendritic networks. Owing to the intimately interfaced Au and Pt catalytic sites integrated in a unique anisotropic nest‐like morphology, Au/Pt‐ENs exhibited high diffusion rates and displacements as the result of glucose‐converted oxygen concentration gradient. High diffusiophoresis in cell culture media increased the nanomotor‐membrane interaction events, in turn facilitated the cell internalization. In addition, the porous network of Au/Pt‐ENs facilitated the drug‐molecule cargo loading and delivery to the living cells.
Multienzyme One‐Pot Cascades Incorporating Methyltransferases for the Strategic Diversification of Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids
Authors: Subrizi Fabiana , Wang Yu , Thair Benjamin , Méndez‐Sánchez Daniel , Roddan Rebecca , Cárdenas‐Fernández Max , Siegrist Jutta , Richter Michael , Andexer Jennifer N. , Ward John M. , Hailes Helen C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) ring system is present in a large variety of structurally diverse natural products exhibiting a wide range of biological activities. Routes to mimic the biosynthetic pathways to such alkaloids, by building cascade reactions in vitro, represents a successful strategy and can offer better stereoselectivities than traditional synthetic methods. S‐Adenosylmethionine (SAM)‐dependent methyltransferases are crucial in the biosynthesis and diversification of THIQs; however, their application is often limited in vitro by the high cost of SAM and low substrate scope. In this study, we describe the use of methyltransferases in vitro in multi‐enzyme cascades, including for the generation of SAM in situ. Up to seven enzymes were used for the regioselective diversification of natural and non‐natural THIQs on an enzymatic preparative scale. Regioselectivites of the methyltransferases were dependent on the group at C‐1 and presence of fluorine in the THIQs. An interesting dual activity was also discovered for the catechol methyltransferases used, which were found to be able to regioselectively methylate two different catechols in a single molecule.
Monocyclic and Dicyclic Dehydro[20]annulenes Integrated with Perylene Diimide
Authors: Zeng Cheng , Liu Yujian , Xue Ning , Jiang Wei , Yan Shouke , Wang Zhaohui 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA novel kind of monocyclic and dicyclic dehydro[20]annulenes exhibiting specific sizes and topologies from regioselective unilateral ortho‐diethynyl PDI, is developed by Cu‐catalyzed Glaser–Hay homo‐coupling and cross‐coupling. Through the integration of electron‐deficient PDI chromophores into the dehydroannulene scaffolding, these macrocycles exhibit intense and characteristic absorption properties and the degenerated LUMO levels. The single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis unambiguously revealed unique porous supramolecular structures, which display micropore characteristics with surface area of 120.74 m2 g−1. A moderate electron mobility of 0.05 cm2 V−1 s−1 for chlorine‐free dehydro[20]annulene based on micrometer‐sized single‐crystalline transistors was witnessed. The porous and yet semiconducting features signify the prospects of PDI‐integrated dehydroannulenes in organic optoelectronics.
Novel water‐soluble polymer coatings controlNPKrelease rate, improve soil quality and maize productivity
Authors: Akhter Mohsan , Shah Ghulam Abbas , Niazi Muhammad Bilal Khan , Mir Saad , Jahan Zaib , Rashid Muhammad Imtiaz 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe investigated different combinations of polymers (5% each) (i) starch, gelatin (polymer coating; PC‐1), (ii) polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), gum Arabica (PC‐2), (iii) PVA, gelatin (PC‐3), (iv) starch, gum Arabica (PC‐4), (v) gelatin, gum Arabica (PC‐5), (vi) starch, PVA (PC‐6), for coating NPK (17, 17:17) in a fluidized bed granulator. Morphological characterization indicated a uniform coating of all formulations on NPK granules. A slow release of N (PC‐3), P (PC‐6), and K (PC‐3) was observed in water. In soil, high mineral N (63%), plant‐available P (72%), and K (24%) were observed in PC‐3, PC‐5, and PC‐6, respectively than uncoated fertilizer. Microbial biomass NPK was also higher in these treatment. This resulted in higher maize yield (66%), N (114%), P (164%), and K (137%) uptakes and apparent N (267%), P (196%), and K (358%) recoveries from applied fertilizer in these treatments. Among these, PC‐3 resulted in an increase of 115% shoot N, 169% P and 138% K uptakes and 268% apparent N, 206% P and 361% K recoveries than uncoated fertilizer. Hence, coating of NPK with this biodegradable polymer combination controlled N, P, and K release and synchronized these nutrients availabilities with maize nutrients demand therefore resulted in higher maize crop yield and nutrient utilization efficiencies.
Improved Disease Course Associated With Early Initiation of Biologics in Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Trajectory Analysis of a Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Consensus Treatment Plans Study
Authors: Ong Mei Sing , Ringold Sarah , Kimura Yukiko , Schanberg Laura E. , Tomlinson George A. , Natter Marc D. ,   the CARRA Registry Investigators
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of early introduction of biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) on the disease course in untreated polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).MethodsWe analyzed data on patients with polyarticular JIA participating in the Start Time Optimization of Biologics in Polyarticular JIA (STOP‐JIA) study (n = 400) and a comparator cohort (n = 248) from the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry. Latent class trajectory modeling (LCTM) was applied to identify subgroups of patients with distinct disease courses based on disease activity (clinical Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score in 10 joints) over 12 months from baseline.ResultsIn the STOP‐JIA study, 198 subjects (49.5%) received bDMARDs within 3 months of baseline assessment. LCTM analyses generated 3 latent classes representing 3 distinct disease trajectories, characterized by slow, moderate, or rapid disease activity improvement over time. Subjects in the rapid improvement trajectory attained inactive disease within 6 months from baseline. Odds of being in the rapid improvement trajectory versus the slow improvement trajectory were 3.6 times as high (95% confidence interval 1.32–10.0; P = 0.013) for those treated with bDMARDs ≤3 months from baseline compared with subjects who started bDMARDs >3 months after baseline, after adjusting for demographic characteristics, clinical attributes, and baseline disease activity. Shorter disease duration at first rheumatology visit approached statistical significance as a predictor of favorable trajectory without bDMARD treatment.ConclusionStarting bDMARDs within 3 months of baseline assessment is associated with more rapid achievement of inactive disease in subjects with untreated polyarticular JIA. These results demonstrate the utility of trajectory analysis of disease course as a method for determining treatment efficacy.
The art of molecular computing: Whence and whither
Authors: Gangadharan Sahana , Raman Karthik 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn astonishingly diverse biomolecular circuitry orchestrates the functioning machinery underlying every living cell. These biomolecules and their circuits have been engineered not only for various industrial applications but also to perform other atypical functions that they were not evolved for—including computation. Various kinds of computational challenges, such as solving NP‐complete problems with many variables, logical computation, neural network operations, and cryptography, have all been attempted through this unconventional computing paradigm. In this review, we highlight key experiments across three different ‘‘eras’’ of molecular computation, beginning with molecular solutions, transitioning to logic circuits and ultimately, more complex molecular networks. We also discuss a variety of applications of molecular computation, from solving NP‐hard problems to self‐assembled nanostructures for delivering molecules, and provide a glimpse into the exciting potential that molecular computing holds for the future. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/9Mw0K0vCSQw
Effects of seizure burden on structural global brain networks in patients with unilateral hippocampal sclerosis
Authors: Corrêa Diogo Goulart , Tijms Betty M. , Dicks Ellen , Rêgo Cláudia , Alves‐Leon Soniza Vieira , Marcondes Jorge , Gasparetto Emerson Leandro , van Duinkerken Eelco 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeTemporal lobe epilepsy secondary to hippocampal sclerosis is related to epileptogenic networks rather than a focal epileptogenic source. Graph‐theoretical gray and white matter networks may help to identify alterations within these epileptogenic networks.MethodsTwenty‐seven patients with hippocampal sclerosis and 14 controls underwent magnetic resonance imaging, including 3D‐T1, fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery, and diffusion tensor imaging. Subject‐specific structural gray and white matter network properties (normalized path length, clustering, and small‐worldness) were reconstructed. Group differences and differences between those with higher and lower seizure burden (<4 vs. ≥4 average monthly seizures in the last year) in network parameters were evaluated. Additionally, correlations between network properties and disease‐related variables were calculated.ResultsAll patients with hippocampal sclerosis as one group did not have altered gray or white matter network properties (all p > .05). Patients with lower seizure burden had significantly lower gray matter small‐worldness and normalized clustering compared to controls and those with higher seizure burden (all p < .04). A higher number of monthly seizures was significantly associated with increased gray and white matter small‐worldness, indicating a more rigid network.ConclusionOverall, there were no differences in network properties in this group of patients with hippocampal sclerosis. However, patients with lower seizure burden had significantly lower gray matter network indices, indicating a more random organization. The correlation between higher monthly seizures and a more rigid network is driven by those with higher seizure burden, who presented a more rigid network compared to those with a lower seizure burden.
Magnetic resonance imaging patterns of tumor response to chemotherapy in desmoid‐type fibromatosis
Authors: Zanchetta Edoardo , Ciniselli Chiara Maura , Bardelli Annalisa , Colombo Chiara , Stacchiotti Silvia , Baldi Giacomo Giulio , Provenzano Salvatore , Bertulli Rossella , Bini Federica , Casale Alessandra , Greco Francesca Gabriella , Ferrari Andrea , Verderio Paolo , Fiore Marco , Gronchi Alessandro , Casali Paolo Giovanni , Morosi Carlo , Palassini Elena 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to investigate changes in volume and MRI T2‐weighted intensity in desmoid‐type fibromatosis (DF) receiving methotrexate plus vinca‐alkaloids (MTX‐VA) at Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan.MethodsAll cases of sporadic DF treated with MTX‐VA from 1999 to 2019 were reviewed. MRIs at baseline, 6 and 12 months of chemotherapy and at treatment withdrawal were retrospectively reviewed, contouring the tumor lesion and measuring diameters, volume, and mean T2‐signal intensity (normalized to muscle) changes. These parameters were also evaluated according to clinical variables.ResultsThirty‐two DF patients were identified. Best RECIST response was: 25% partial response, 69% stable disease, 6% progression. A ≥65% tumor volume reduction was observed in 38%, <65% reduction in 53%, an increase in 9%. 22% had RECIST stable disease with a ≥65% tumor volume reduction. T2‐signal intensity decreased by ≥50% in 47%, <50% in 41% and increased in 12%. In patients with symptomatic improvement while on therapy and in patients maintaining symptomatic improvement during follow‐up, median T2‐signal intensity showed a reduction along the time points (3.0, 1.9, 1.2, 1.1; 2.9, 2.0, 1.2, 1.2, respectively); in patients without symptomatic improvement and in those clinically progressing during follow‐up, a reduction was not observed. High T2‐signal intensity at baseline was observed in patients showing RECIST progression during follow‐up.ConclusionsIn this series, RECIST detected a lower proportion of responses as compared to volumetric and T2‐signal changes. T2‐signal reduction seemed to better reflect symptomatic improvement. High T2‐signal intensity at baseline was related to a higher proportion of further progression.
The prognostic value of sarcopenia combined with preoperative fibrinogen–albumin ratio in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma after surgery: A multicenter, prospective study
Authors: Yu Haitao , Wang Mingxun , Wang Yi , Yang Jinhuan , Deng Liming , Bao Wenming , He Bangjie , Lin Zixia , Chen Ziyan , Chen Kaiyu , Zhang Baofu , Liu Fangting , Yu Zhengping , Ye Longyun , Jin Bin , Chen Gang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo explore the prognostic value of the fibrinogen–albumin ratio (FAR) combined with sarcopenia in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) patients after surgery and to develop a nomogram for predicting the survival of ICC patients.Materials and MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, 116 ICC patients who underwent radical surgery were enrolled as the discovery cohort and another independent cohort of 68 ICC patients was used as the validation cohort. Kaplan–Meier method was used to analyze prognosis. The independent predictor of overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) was evaluated by univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses, then developing nomograms. The performance of nomograms was evaluated by concordance index (C‐index), calibration curve, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis (ROC), and decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsPatients with high FAR had lower OS and RFS. FAR and sarcopenia were effective predictors of OS and RFS. Patients with high FAR and sarcopenia had a poorer prognosis than other patients. OS nomogram was constructed based on age, FAR, and sarcopenia. RFS nomogram was constructed based on FAR and sarcopenia. C‐index for the nomograms of OS and RFS was 0.713 and 0.686. Calibration curves revealed great consistency between actual survival and nomogram prediction. The area under ROC curve (AUC) for the nomograms of OS and RFS was 0.796 and 0.791 in the discovery cohort, 0.823 and 0.726 in the validation cohort. The clinical value of nomograms was confirmed by the DCA.ConclusionsICC patients with high FAR and sarcopenia had a poor prognosis, the nomograms developed based on these two factors were accurate and clinically useful in ICC patients who underwent radical resection.