bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tropospheric Age‐of‐Air: Influence of SF6 Emissions on Recent Surface Trends and Model Biases
Authors: Orbe Clara , Waugh Darryn W. , Montzka Stephen , Dlugokencky Edward J. , Strahan Susan , Steenrod Stephen D. , Strode Sarah , Elkins James W. , Hall Bradley , Sweeney Colm , Hintsa Eric J. , Moore Fred L. , Penafiel Emma 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe mean age since air was last at the Northern Hemisphere (NH) midlatitude surface is a fundamental property of tropospheric transport. Here we approximate the mean age in terms of an age” (), derived from surface and aircraft measurements of that are broader in spatial scope and cover a longer time period (1997–2018) than considered previously. At the surface, increases from near‐zero values north of N to 1.5 years over the Southern Hemisphere (SH) extratropics, with the largest meridional gradients occurring in the tropics. By comparison, vertical gradients in are weak throughout, with only slight increases/decreases with height in the NH/SH. The broader spatial coverage of the measurements reveals strong variations in the seasonal cycle of within the (sub)tropics that are weaker over the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, compared to over the Indian Ocean. Observations from 2000 to 2018 reveal that the age at sites in the SH has been decreasing by 0.12 years/dec. However, this decrease is not due to changes in transport but, rather, is likely related to changes in emissions, which have increased globally and reportedly shifted from northern midlatitudes into the subtropics. Simulations, which reproduce the age trends, show no decreases in an age‐of‐air tracer, reinforcing the fact that represents only an approximation to the mean age. Finally, the modeled ages are older than observed, by 0.3–0.4 years throughout the southern extratropics. We show that this bias is partly related to an overestimation in simulated near emissions regions, likely reflecting a combination of uncertainties in emissions and model transport.
Bayesian LSTM With Stochastic Variational Inference for Estimating Model Uncertainty in Process‐Based Hydrological Models
Authors: Li Dayang , Marshall Lucy , Liang Zhongmin , Sharma Ashish , Zhou Yan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSignificant attention has recently been paid to deep learning as a method for improved catchment modeling. Compared with process‐based models, deep learning is often criticized for its lack of interpretability. One solution is to combine a process‐based hydrological model with a residual error model based on deep learning to give full scope to their respective advantages. In classical residual error models, Bayesian inference via Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is commonly used to provide an estimation of the uncertainty. However, deep neural networks tend to have excessively large numbers of parameters, making MCMC an unsuitable approach. Here, we introduce an alternative to Bayesian MCMC sampling called stochastic variational inference (SVI) which has recently been developed for Bayesian deep learning in Natural Language Processing. We implement SVI in a Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) network and construct residual error models in process‐based hydrological models. This approach is examined in the contrasting geographical and climatic characteristics of two catchments from China, the Tangnaihai catchment and the Shiquan catchment. Compared with the Bayesian linear regression model, the Bayesian LSTM provides better uncertainty estimates. Specifically, the proposed method improves the Continuous Ranked Probability Score (CRPS) by over 10% in both two catchments. In the Tangnaihai catchment, it provides more than 10% narrower uncertainty intervals in terms of Sharpness with slightly superior Reliability. In the Shiquan catchment, it provides comparable uncertainty intervals with better Reliability. Further, our study highlights the scalability of SVI to high‐dimensional parameter spaces in hydrological applications (e.g., distributed hydrological models, groundwater models).
Transitional genomes and nutritional role reversals identified for dual symbionts of adelgids (Aphidoidea: Adelgidae)
Authors: Dial Dustin T , Weglarz Kathryn M , Aremu Akintunde O , Havill Nathan P , Pearson Taylor A , Burke Gaelen R , von Dohlen Carol D 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Many plant-sap-feeding insects have maintained a single, obligate, nutritional symbiont over the long history of their lineage. This senior symbiont may be joined by one or more junior symbionts that compensate for gaps in function incurred through genome-degradative forces. Adelgids are sap-sucking insects that feed solely on conifer trees and follow complex life cycles in which the diet fluctuates in nutrient levels. Adelgids are unusual in that both senior and junior symbionts appear to have been replaced repeatedly over their evolutionary history. Genomes can provide clues to understanding symbiont replacements, but only the dual symbionts of hemlock adelgids have been examined thus far. Here, we sequence and compare genomes of four additional dual-symbiont pairs in adelgids. We show that these symbionts are nutritional partners originating from diverse bacterial lineages and exhibiting wide variation in general genome characteristics. Although dual symbionts cooperate to produce nutrients, the balance of contributions varies widely across pairs, and total genome contents reflect a range of ages and degrees of degradation. Most symbionts appear to be in transitional states of genome reduction. Our findings support a hypothesis of periodic symbiont turnover driven by fluctuating selection for nutritional provisioning related to gains and losses of complex life cycles in their hosts.
The chemistry of branched condensed phosphates
Authors: Dürr-Mayer Tobias , Qiu Danye , Eisenbeis Verena B. , Steck Nicole , Häner Markus , Hofer Alexandre , Mayer Andreas , Siegel Jay S. , Baldridge Kim K. , Jessen Henning J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCondensed phosphates may exist as linear, cyclic or branched structures. Due to their important role in nature, linear polyphosphates have been well studied. In contrast, branched phosphates (ultraphosphates) remain largely uncharacterised, because they were already described in 1950 as exceedingly unstable in the presence of water, epitomized in the antibranching-rule. This rule lacks experimental backup, since, to the best of our knowledge, no rational synthesis of defined ultraphosphates is known. Consequently, detailed studies of their chemical properties, reactivity and potential biological relevance remain elusive. Here, we introduce a general synthesis of monodisperse ultraphosphates. Hydrolysis half-lives up to days call the antibranching-rule into question. We provide evidence for the interaction of an enzyme with ultraphosphates and discover a rearrangement linearizing the branched structure. Moreover, ultraphosphate can phosphorylate nucleophiles such as amino acids and nucleosides with implications for prebiotic chemistry. Our results provide an entry point into the uncharted territory of branched condensed phosphates.
Unified AI framework to uncover deep interrelationships between gene expression and Alzheimer’s disease neuropathologies
Authors: Beebe-Wang Nicasia , Celik Safiye , Weinberger Ethan , Sturmfels Pascal , De Jager Philip L. , Mostafavi Sara , Lee Su-In 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDeep neural networks (DNNs) capture complex relationships among variables, however, because they require copious samples, their potential has yet to be fully tapped for understanding relationships between gene expression and human phenotypes. Here we introduce an analysis framework, namely MD-AD (Multi-task Deep learning for Alzheimer’s Disease neuropathology), which leverages an unexpected synergy between DNNs and multi-cohort settings. In these settings, true joint analysis can be stymied using conventional statistical methods, which require “harmonized” phenotypes and tend to capture cohort-level variations, obscuring subtler true disease signals. Instead, MD-AD incorporates related phenotypes sparsely measured across cohorts, and learns interactions between genes and phenotypes not discovered using linear models, identifying subtler signals than cohort-level variations which can be uniquely recapitulated in animal models and across tissues. We show that MD-AD exploits sex-specific relationships between microglial immune response and neuropathology, providing a nuanced context for the association between inflammatory genes and Alzheimer’s Disease.
Combined toxic effects of aflatoxin B2 and the protective role of resveratrol in Swiss albino mice
Authors: Gündüz Alperen , Yalçın Emine , Çavuşoğlu Kültiğin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, the toxic effects of aflatoxin B2 (AFB2) on Swiss albino mice and the protective effects of resveratrol were investigated. Physiological (body weight, liver and kidney weight), biochemical (aspartate aminotransferase-AST, alanine transaminase-ALT, blood urea nitrogen-BUN, creatinine, malondialdehyde-MDA and glutathione-GSH) and cytogenetic parameters (micronucleus-MN in buccal epithelium, erythrocyte and leukocyte cells and chromosomal aberrations-CAs) were used to determine the toxic effects. Additionally, scavenging effects of resveratrol against superoxide, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals were also investigated. In experimental period, mice were divided into six groups and the groups were treated with tap water, 10 mg/kg b.w resveratrol, 20 mg/kg b.w resveratrol, 20 µg/kg b.w. AFB2, 10 mg/kg b.w resveratrol + 20 µg/kg b.w AFB2, 20 mg/kg b.w resveratrol + 20 µg/kg b.w AFB2, respectively. As a result, the scavenging effects of resveratrol increased with increasing dose and the superoxide, H2O2 and DPPH radical scavenging activity of resveratrol were 74.9%, 79.1% and 49.2%, respectively. AFB2 administration caused a significant decrease in physiological parameters, and these decreases regressed in AFB2 + resveratrol treated groups. Serum ALT and AST activities, BUN and creatinine levels were higher in the AFB2 treated group compared to the control group and serious abnormalities were found in MDA and GSH levels in the kidney and liver. In the group treated with AFB2 + 20 mg/kg resveratrol, ALT, AST, BUN and creatinine levels decreased significantly and GSH levels increased compared to only-AFB2 treated group. AFB2 triggered MN formation in buccal epithelium, erythrocyte and leukocyte cells and CAs in bone marrow cells. The application of 20 mg/kg resveratrol together with AFB2 was decreased the MN and CAs frequency. Resveratrol exhibited a recovery effect in the range of 40.9–80.5% against AFB2 toxicity in all tested parameters. In this study, it was determined that AFB2 caused serious changes in selected physiological, biochemical and cytogenetic parameters while resveratrol displayed a protective role against these toxic effects.
Novel interferon-sensitive genes unveiled by correlation-driven gene selection and systems biology
Authors: Cheroni Cristina , Manganaro Lara , Donnici Lorena , Bevilacqua Valeria , Bonnal Raoul J. P. , Rossi Riccardo L. , De Francesco Raffaele 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInterferons (IFNs) are key cytokines involved in alerting the immune system to viral infection. After IFN stimulation, cellular transcriptional profile critically changes, leading to the expression of several IFN stimulated genes (ISGs) that exert a wide variety of antiviral activities. Despite many ISGs have been already identified, a comprehensive network of coding and non-coding genes with a central role in IFN-response still needs to be elucidated. We performed a global RNA-Seq transcriptome profile of the HCV permissive human hepatoma cell line Huh7.5 and its parental cell line Huh7, upon IFN treatment, to define a network of genes whose coordinated modulation plays a central role in IFN-response. Our study adds molecular actors, coding and non-coding genes, to the complex molecular network underlying IFN-response and shows how systems biology approaches, such as correlation networks, network’s topology and gene ontology analyses can be leveraged to this aim.
Genomic characterization and outcome evaluation of kinome fusions in lung cancer revealed novel druggable fusions
Authors: Li Binghao , Qu Hao , Zhang Jing , Pan Weibo , Liu Meng , Yan Xiaobo , Huang Xin , He Xuexin , Lin Dong , Liu Sisi , Guan Ruting , Wu Yong , Ou Qiuxiang , Bao Hua , Xu Youbin , Wu Xue , Shao Yang , Lin Nong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractKinase fusions represent an important type of somatic alterations that promote oncogenesis and serve as diagnostic markers in lung cancer. We aimed to identify the landscape of clinically relevant kinase fusions in Chinese lung cancer and to explore rare kinase rearrangements; thus, providing valuable evidence for therapeutic decision making. We performed genomic profiling of 425 cancer-relevant genes from tumor/plasma biopsies from a total of 17,442 Chinese lung cancer patients using next generation sequencing (NGS). Patients’ clinical characteristics and treatment histories were retrospectively studied. A total of 1162 patients (6.66%; 1162/17,442) were identified as having kinase fusions, including 906 adenocarcinomas (ADCs) and 35 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). In ADC, 170 unique gene fusion pairs were observed, including rare kinase fusions,SLC12A2-ROS1,NCOA4-RET, andANK3-RET. As for SCC, 15 unique gene fusions were identified, among which the most frequent wereEML4-ALKandFGFR3-TACC3. Analyses of oncogenic mutations revealed a dual role for the gene fusions,CCDC6-RETandFGFR3-TACC3, in driving oncogenesis or serving as acquired resistance mechanisms to kinase inhibitors. In addition, our real-world evidence showed that patients with recurrent kinase fusions with low frequency (two occurrences) could benefit from treatment with kinase inhibitors’ off-label use. Notably, patients with stage IV ADC who had novelRORB-ALKorAFF2-RETfusions, but no other known oncogenic driver mutations, demonstrated favorable clinical outcomes on tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Our data provide a comprehensive overview of the landscape of oncogenic kinase fusions in lung cancer, which assist in recognizing potentially druggable fusions that can be translated into therapeutic applications.
Particle-hole symmetry and the reentrant integer quantum Hall Wigner solid
Authors: Shingla Vidhi , Myers Sean A. , Pfeiffer Loren N. , Baldwin Kirk W. , Csáthy Gábor A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe interplay of strong Coulomb interactions and of topology is currently under intense scrutiny in various condensed matter and atomic systems. One example of this interplay is the phase competition of fractional quantum Hall states and the Wigner solid in the two-dimensional electron gas. Here we report a Wigner solid at ν = 1.79 and its melting due to fractional correlations occurring at ν = 9/5. This Wigner solid, that we call the reentrant integer quantum Hall Wigner solid, develops in a range of Landau level filling factors that is related by particle-hole symmetry to the so called reentrant Wigner solid. We thus find that the Wigner solid in the GaAs/AlGaAs system straddles the partial filling factor 1/5 not only at the lowest filling factors, but also near ν = 9/5. Our results highlight the particle-hole symmetry as a fundamental symmetry of the extended family of Wigner solids and paint a complex picture of the competition of the Wigner solid with fractional quantum Hall states.
Chemoselective synthesis of long-chain alkyl-H-phosphinic acids via one-pot alkylation/oxidation of red phosphorus with alkyl-PEGs as recyclable micellar catalysts
Authors: Kuimov Vladimir A. , Malysheva Svetlana F. , Belogorlova Natalia A. , Gusarova Nina K. , Trofimov Boris A. 
Published: September 2021

Alkyl-PEG recyclable micellar catalysts are used for the chemoselective and effective synthesis of long-chain n-alkyl-H-phosphinic acids via the one-pot alkylation/oxidation of red phosphorus in the multi-phase alkyl bromide/KOH/H2O/toluene system.
Exosomes derived from LPS-stimulated human thymic mesenchymal stromal cells enhance inflammation via thrombospondin-1
Authors: Li Qianru , Li Jing , Sun Lei , Sun Yun , Zhao Fei , Liu Pingping , Peng Xin , Xuan Xiaoyan , Li Yun , Wang Peng , Tan Chen , Du Ying 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Inflammatory response mediated by immune cells is either directly or indirectly regulated by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Accumulating evidence suggests that thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is highly expressed in response to inflammation. In this work, we isolated and identified human thymic mesenchymal stromal cells (tMSCs) and detected the expression of TSP-1. We found that tMSCs expressed TSP-1 and Poly (I:C) or LPS treatment promoted the expression of TSP-1. Further, we isolated and identified exosomes originating from tMSCs (MEXs). Notably, exosomes derived from LPS-pretreated tMSCs (MEXsLPS) promoted the polarization of macrophages to M1-like phenotype and IL-6, TNF-α secretion as well as the pro-inflammatory differentiation of CD4+T cells into Th17 cells. Upon silencing the expression of TSP-1 in tMSCs, the pro-inflammatory effects of MEXsLPS were suppressed. Therefore, these findings uncovered TSP-1 as the principal factor in MEXsLPS pro-inflammatory regulation.
A secure and efficient range query method for two‐layer wireless sensor networks
Authors: Deng Yun , Kang Yanping 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTraditional range query methods of work still have shortcomings in node energy consumption and privacy security, so a two‐layer secure and efficient range query method for wireless sensor networks is proposed. In the data storage stage, the sensing node obtains the data ciphertext and timestamp by the Advanced Encryption Standard encryption algorithm, receives the new encryption constraint chain by the reverse 0–1 encoding method and Hash‐based Message Authentication Code encryption algorithm, and sends the chain to the storage node. In the query response phase, the storage node responds to the request of the base station and sends the data that meet the query requirements. After receiving the data, the base station verifies the consistency with the new encryption constraint chain and timestamp. During the experiment, the energy consumption is analysed from three aspects: the number of data collected in the period, the data length of the sensing node and the partition factor of the encryption constraint chain. The results show that this method has low energy consumption and can maintain the consistency of data.
Photo-chemo-dynamical analysis and the origin of the bulge globular cluster Palomar 6
Authors: Souza S. O. , Valentini M. , Barbuy B. , Pérez-Villegas A. , Chiappini C. , Ortolani S. , Nardiello D. , Dias B. , Anders F. , Bica E. 
Published: September 2021

Context. Palomar 6 (Pal6) is a moderately metal-poor globular cluster projected towards the Galactic bulge. A full analysis of the cluster can give hints on the early chemical enrichment of the Galaxy and a plausible origin of the cluster.
Aims. The aim of this study is threefold: a detailed analysis of high-resolution spectroscopic data obtained with the UVES spectrograph at the Very Large Telescope (VLT) at ESO, the derivation of the age and distance of Pal6 from Hubble Space Telescope (HST) photometric data, and an orbital analysis to determine the probable origin of the cluster.
Methods. High-resolution spectra of six red giant stars in the direction of Pal6 were obtained at the 8 m VLT UT2-Kueyen telescope equipped with the UVES spectrograph in FLAMES+UVES configuration. Spectroscopic parameters were derived through excitation and ionisation equilibrium of Fe I and Fe II lines, and the abundances were obtained from spectrum synthesis. From HST photometric data, the age and distance were derived through a statistical isochrone fitting. Finally, a dynamical analysis was carried out for the cluster assuming two different Galactic potentials.
Results. Four stars that are members of Pal 6 were identified in the sample, which gives a mean radial velocity of 174.3  ±  1.6 km s−1 and a mean metallicity of [Fe/H] = −1.10 ± 0.09 for the cluster. We found an enhancement of α-elements (O, Mg, Si, and Ca) of 0.29< [X/Fe] < 0.38 and the iron-peak element Ti of [Ti/Fe] ∼ +0.3. The odd-Z elements (Na and Al) show a mild enhancement of [X/Fe] ∼ +0.25. The abundances of both first- (Y and Zr) and second-peak (Ba and La) heavy elements are relatively high, with +0.4 <   [X/Fe]  <  +0.60 and +0.4 <   [X/Fe]  <  +0.5, respectively. The r-element Eu is also relatively high with [Eu/Fe] ∼ +0.6. One member star presents enhancements in N and Al, with [Al/Fe] > +0.30, this being evidence of a second stellar population, further confirmed with the NaON-Al (anti)correlations. For the first time, we derived the age of Pal 6, which resulted to be 12.4 ± 0.9 Gyr. We also found a low extinction coefficient RV = 2.6 for the Pal 6 projection, which is compatible with the latest results for the highly extincted bulge populations. The derived extinction law results in a distance of 7.67 ± 0.19 kpc from the Sun with an AV = 4.21 ± 0.05. The chemical and photometric analyses combined with the orbital-dynamical analyses point out that Pal 6 belongs to the bulge component probably formed in the main-bulge progenitor.
Conculsions. The present analysis indicates that the globular cluster Pal 6 is located in the bulge volume and that it was probably formed in the bulge in the early stages of the Milky Way formation, sharing the chemical properties with the family of intermediate metallicity very old clusters M 62, NGC 6522, NGC 6558, and HP 1.
Politiques de pêche et innovations adaptatives des pêcheries artisanales sénégalaises
Authors: Dème Moustapha , Thiao Djiga 
Published: September 2021

Ces dernières décennies, les pêcheries artisanales sénégalaises ont été marquées par d’importantes innovations en réponse aux politiques de pêche et aux fluctuations de l’abondance des ressources. Cet article aborde l’adéquation des politiques avec les contraintes et les enjeux du secteur dans une perspective d’intégration des innovations dans la prise de décision. Il apparaît que les tentatives de modernisation en remplaçant les pirogues par des bateaux semi-industriels ont échoué. La capacité des pêcheurs à considérer de nouvelles innovations et stratégies a pu garantir plus de viabilité et de résilience à leurs activités. L’adaptabilité leur a permis de réagir à divers chocs exogènes d’ordre économique et à la variabilité de l’abondance et de la demande en poisson. Ces interactions adaptatives entre capital naturel et capital humain confortent la notion de « durabilité faible » dans le domaine de la pêche.
Antikoagulation bei chronisch nierenkranken Menschen mit Vorhofflimmern
Authors: Schirmer Stephan H. , Brandenburg Vincent 
Published: September 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGBei Patienten mit Vorhofflimmern besteht ein erhöhtes Risiko für thromboembolische Komplikationen und insbesondere Schlaganfall. Patienten mit chronischer Nierenerkrankung haben gehäuft Vorhofflimmern und sowohl ein erhöhtes Blutungs- wie auch Schlaganfallrisiko. Für Patienten mit einer Kreatinin-Clearance von bis zu 25–30 ml/min sind Nicht-Vitamin-K-abhängige orale Antikoagulanzien (NOAK) evidenzbasiert zur Schlaganfallprävention den Vitamin-K-Antagonisten (VKA) vorzuziehen. Darunter bzw. bei Dialysepatienten liegen keine wissenschaftlichen Daten vor; hier muss das Konzept (keine Antikoagulation vs. NOAK vs. Vorhofohrverschluss vs. VKA) individuell entschieden werden, wobei die Gabe von VKA die schlechteste Lösung zu sein scheint.