bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying nicotine and alcohol consumption in New Zealand using wastewater‐based epidemiology timed to coincide with census
Authors: Trowsdale Sam , Price Mackay , Wilkins Chris , Tscharke Ben , Mueller Jochen , Baker Tom 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionAccurate and timely information about nicotine and alcohol consumption is needed to inform effective policy. Wastewater‐based epidemiology provides an opportunity to quantify consumption, which can complement traditional data collection methods.MethodsWastewater samples were collected from seven wastewater treatment plants on seven consecutive days in three regions of New Zealand during the same week as the national census (6 March 2018). Samples were analysed for nicotine and alcohol metabolites using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Detailed catchment maps were developed and per capita consumption calculated.ResultsObserved nicotine consumption (mean 1528 ± 412 cigarettes/day/1000 people) was similar to national sales data. Observed alcohol consumption (mean 1155 ± 764 standard drinks/day/1000 people) was lower than estimated using alcohol availability data. Consumption of nicotine and alcohol was generally higher in the Bay of Plenty and Canterbury compared to Auckland, mirroring trends in the New Zealand Health Survey. Intra‐regional differences were observed and the patterns could not be attributed to urbanisation alone. Nicotine consumption was consistent throughout the week whereas alcohol consumption often peaked at the weekend. Nicotine consumption was correlated with neighbourhood‐deprivation. There was little correlation for alcohol.Discussion and ConclusionsWastewater‐based epidemiology provides a quantitative dataset that complements traditional methods of investigating nicotine and alcohol consumption. Timing data collection to coincide with the census helps to account for the influence of population mobility when normalising consumption.
Biogeographical evaluation and conservation assessment of arboreal leafhoppers in the Mexican Transition Zone biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Pinedo‐Escatel Jorge Adilson , Aragón‐Parada Juvenal , Dietrich Christopher H. , Moya‐Raygoza Gustavo , Zahniser James N. , Portillo Liberato 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsMexico harbours a diverse fauna comprising more than 1,400 leafhopper species, 60% of which appear to be strictly endemic, with many apparently restricted to particular habitats and host plants. The aims of this study were to identify areas of high species richness and endemism, and determine the biogeographic affinities of species in the diverse arboreal tribe Athysanini to provide data useful for conservation prioritization.LocationMexico.MethodsA data set of 643 historical occurrence records based on authoritatively identified specimens from museums, recent fieldwork, literature and digital repositories was analysed. Analyses of species richness and areas of endemism were conducted using geographic information systems.ResultsA total of 164 species belonging of 50 genera were included, of which 145 species of 31 genera are considered to be endemic. The Mexican state of Guerrero yielded the most species records (48%). The highest numbers of taxa and endemic species were concentrated along the Mexican Transition Zone (MTZ) within which the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt (TVB) province had the most species records. Endemicity analyses showed two different geographical patterns but similar species richness weights with overlapping values over the MTZ. Distribution across vegetation types was not uniform, with most athysanine species concentrated in the dry tropical forest (65%). Species were documented at elevations between sea level and 3,200 m a.s.l. with three altitudinal preference classes. Conservation assessments applying IUCN criteria categorized a majority of species (145) as endangered or critically endangered.Main conclusionsOur findings suggest that most identified areas of high species richness throughout the territory have predominantly endemic taxa. Distributional patterns found are non‐random, influenced by richness and endemism values over the TVB province and in the MTZ with a variable dispersion among species. Data highlight a greatly threatened status by habitat loss, remarking an urgent need for an improved conservation framework.
Old Cycles and New Vulnerabilities: Financial Deregulation and the Argentine Crisis
Authors: Bortz Pablo Gabriel , Toftum Nicole , Zeolla Nicolás Hernán 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTAfter returning to financial markets in 2016, Argentina asked for IMF financing in 2018 and defaulted on its peso‐denominated short‐term debt in 2019. This article describes this latest short‐lived cycle of external indebtedness and default. The Macri administration that came into power in December 2015 embarked on a path of financial liberalization, external indebtedness, rising public utility tariffs and increased profitability in the agricultural sector, with the aim of lowering inflation, attracting foreign direct investment and promoting economic growth. Vulnerabilities arose because of the combination of financial deregulation, external indebtedness in foreign currency, inflows of volatile short‐term financial capital, capital flight by domestic residents, and the government's flawed reaction to a currency crisis in 2018. The IMF programme failed to attack the causes of the crisis, while plunging the country into a severe recession and a debt default. Notwithstanding the successful renegotiation of external debt with private creditors in 2020, the new Argentinian administration still faces serious challenges if it is to lift the economy out of stagnation.
Night‐time heart rate variability identifies high‐risk people among people with uncomplicated type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hadad Rakin , Larsen Bjørn Strøjer , Weber Philip , Stavnem Dorte , Kristiansen Ole P. , Nielsen Olav W. , Haugaard Steen B. , Sajadieh Ahmad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundLow heart rate variability (HRV) reflects cardiac autonomic neuropathy, which is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Measuring HRV is challenged by environmental noise, mental stress and physical activity during daytime. Night‐time HRV during sleep may be a more valid tool to measure cardiac autonomic neuropathy and therefore may improve prediction of cardiovascular (CV) events in low‐risk people with T2DM.MethodsCopenhagen Holter Study included 678 community‐dwelling participants aged 55–75 years who were free of previous CV disease. Day and night‐time HRV were available for 653 participants. The population included 133 people with well‐controlled T2DM and newly recognized T2DM (mean HbA1c 55 mmol/mol [7.2%]). HRV is defined as standard deviation for the mean value of normal‐to‐normal complexes (SDNN). Night‐time HRV measurements were pre‐defined from 2:00 to 2:15 AM. Cardiovascular events were defined as CV death, myocardial infarction, stroke or coronary revascularization.ResultsMedian follow‐up time was 14.4 years. During this period, 245 death and 149 CV events (CV death 36, myocardial infarction 42, revascularisation procedures 46, stroke 70) occurred in total. Among people with T2DM, 41 CV events were observed (CV death 13, myocardial infarction 13, revascularisation procedures 17, stroke 18). Night‐time SDNN was inversely associated with CV events in people with T2DM, (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.74 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.61–0.89) for each 10‐millisecond increment in SDNN after adjustment for the conventional risk factors sex, age, LDL cholesterol, smoking, systolic blood pressure and by also including glucose CRP and NT‐proBNP in adjustment. Twenty‐four‐hour HRV was not associated with CV events, but associated with all‐cause mortality in people with T2DM. Conventional risk factors had a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) value of 0.704 (95% CI 0.602–0.806) to predict CV events in people with T2DM. The prediction of CV events by conventional risk factors was improved in people with T2DM by the addition of night‐time SDNN; ROC 0.765 (95% CI 0.669–0.862), p = 0.037, but ROC was not improved by addition of CRP and NT‐proBNP in the model. In people with T2DM and night‐time SDNN ≤30 ms, the 10‐year risk of CV death and CV event rate was 12% and 45%, respectively, which re‐allocated them to a ‘very high‐risk’ group according to current guidelines.ConclusionReduced night‐time HRV predicts increased risk of CV events in people with well‐controlled T2DM, thus night‐time HRV may add to traditional risk factors in predicting CV events in people with T2DM.
What is new in the 2020 International Association of Dental Traumatology emergency treatment guidelines?
Authors: Alvino Lawrence , Ha William Nguyen , Chan Wing Chuan , Rossi‐Fedele Giampiero 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOver the past eight years, there have been marked changes in the recommendations for the management of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs). The recently published International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) guidelines for the emergency management of TDIs provide a comprehensive manual for clinicians to refer when assessing and managing patients presenting with these types of injuries. Clinicians should be prepared to utilize these new guidelines which were released in 2020. The aim of this short communication is to support those with previous knowledge regarding the IADT guidelines, to identify the changes in treatment modality, and to provide backing for those exposed to trauma guidelines for the first time. In the present communication, the areas of TDIs have been separated into primary and permanent teeth plus avulsions, with a tabular format highlighting the main changes in the emergency management from the previous version in 2012. This format has been devised to aid the clinicians' understanding of the variations over time and facilitate recall of the new guidelines. For the first time, the 2020 IADT Guidelines present a Core Outcomes Set (COS) that includes outcomes that were relevant to all TDIs and outcomes related to only one or several TDIs. However, the COS is not the object of the present publication.
Association between red blood cell transfusion dependence and burden in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes: A systematic literature review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Braga Lemos Mayra , Rodrigues Sarah Ramalho , Schroeder Thomas , Kulasekararaj Austin G. , Matos Joana E. , Tang Derek 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMyelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of malignant hematologic diseases characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, which may lead to chronic anemia and transfusion dependency, with up to 30% of patients progressing to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Studies suggest transfusion dependency may impact overall survival (OS); however, there is a lack of evidence concerning the association between transfusion status (TS) and OS in patients with MDS who become transfusion independent (TI) after treatment. In addition, the holistic impact of TS on other clinical, economic, and humanistic outcomes has not been well understood. We conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) to understand this impact. Ten studies were included and showed consistent decrease in OS in transfusion dependent (TD) compared with TI patients. These findings were confirmed by a meta‐analysis (MA) reporting better OS prognosis for TI patients. A second SLR was conducted to understand the association between TS and other clinical, economic, and humanistic outcomes. Twenty‐eight studies were included and showed better prognosis for other outcomes, including AML progression and leukemia‐free survival for TI patients. Risk of AML progression and cumulative non‐leukemic death assessed by the MA showed a trend toward worse prognosis and higher risk of AML progression for TD patients. Lower healthcare resource utilization, better quality of life, and reduced non‐leukemic death for TI patients were observed. Studies not eligible for MA also showed better clinical, economic, and humanistic outcomes for TI patients. These findings contribute to understanding the association between transfusion dependence and OS among other outcomes in patients with MDS.
Untrafficked furrowed seedbed sustains soil physical quality in sugarcane mechanized fields
Authors: Barbosa Leandro Carneiro , Magalhães Paulo Sérgio Graziano , Bordonal Ricardo Oliveira , Cherubin Maurício Roberto , Castioni Guilherme Adalberto , Rossi Neto João , Franco Henrique Coutinho Junqueira , Carvalho João Luís Nunes 
Published: March 2021

AbstractManagement strategies that reduce machinery traffic, such as creating seedbeds, could be adopted to preserve soil health and reduce soil physical restriction to sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) growth. Field experiments on clayey and sandy loam soils were conducted along four crop seasons (2013–2017) to investigate the changes in bulk density, soil penetration resistance, macroporosity and microporosity in the row and inter‐row positions, as well as sugarcane biomass production (root and stalk yield) under different machinery traffic treatments. The experimental areas were conducted in randomized block design with two treatments and four repetitions. The evaluated treatments were: (a) regular traffic, in which all operations were performed mechanically using regular machinery traffic; and (b) without traffic, in which all field operations (except those used for sunn hemp management and for opening the sugarcane planting furrow) were performed manually without machinery traffic. No critical values of physical properties were identified in either soil type in plots without machinery traffic, indicating the lowest density and soil penetration resistance values, as well as higher macroporosity, where sugarcane seedbed zones had been established. Our findings show that seedbeds resulted in greater root growth and development in the soil profile, mainly in inter‐row positions. Overall, sugarcane stalk yield was similar between the treatments in both soil types. This study reinforces the importance of the planting furrow in keeping suitable soil conditions for plant growth and concludes that sugarcane production in untrafficked seedbeds is an effective strategy to sustain soil physical conditions over the crop cycle, without the need for tillage operations during the (re)planting period.Highlights
The use of seedbeds sustains soil physical quality along the crop cycle
Most of root biomass were concentrated in the crop‐row
Crop‐row position provides adequate soil physical conditions for root growth and plant development
Untrafficked furrowed seedbed sustains soil physical quality and makes no‐tillage viable
Temporal changes in spatial variation: partitioning the extinction and colonisation components of beta diversity
Authors: Tatsumi Shinichi , Iritani Ryosuke , Cadotte Marc W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe last two decades have witnessed unprecedented changes in beta diversity, the spatial variation in species composition, from local to global scales. However, analytical challenges have hampered empirical ecologists from quantifying the extinction and colonisation processes behind these changing beta diversity patterns. Here, we develop a novel numerical method to additively partition the temporal changes in beta diversity into components that reflect local extinctions and colonisations. By applying this method to empirical datasets, we revealed spatiotemporal community dynamics that were otherwise undetectable. In mature forests, we found that local extinctions resulted in tree communities becoming more spatially heterogeneous, while colonisations simultaneously caused them to homogenise. In coral communities, we detected non‐random community disassembly and reassembly following an environmental perturbation, with a temporally varying balance between extinctions and colonisations. Partitioning the dynamic processes that underlie beta diversity can provide more mechanistic insights into the spatiotemporal organisation of biodiversity.
Hemispherectomy Outcome Prediction Scale: Development and validation of a seizure freedom prediction tool
Authors: Weil Alexander G. , Lewis Evan C. , Ibrahim George M. , Kola Olivia , Tseng Chi‐Hong , Zhou Xinkai , Lin Kao‐Min , Cai Li‐Xin , Liu Qing‐Zhu , Lin Jiu‐Luan , Zhou Wen‐Jing , Mathern Gary W. , Smyth Matthew D. , O'Neill Brent R. , Dudley Roy , Ragheb John , Bhatia Sanjiv , Delev Daniel , Ramantani Georgia , Zentner Josef , Ojemann Jeffrey , Wang Anthony C. , Dorfer Christian , Feucht Martha , Czech Thomas , Bollo Robert J. , Issabekov Galymzhan , Zhu Hongwei , Connelly Mary , Steinbok Paul , Zhang Jian‐Guo , Zhang Kai , Hidalgo Eveline Teresa , Weiner Howard L. , Wong‐Kisiel Lily , Lapalme‐Remis Samuel , Tripathi Manjari , Sarat Chandra Poodipedi , Hader Walter , Wang Feng‐Peng , Yao Yi , Olivier Champagne Pierre , Guo Qiang , Li Shao‐Chun , Budke Marcelo , Pérez‐Jiménez Maria Angeles , Raftapoulos Christian , Finet Patrice , Michel Pauline , Schaller Karl , Stienen Martin N. , Baro Valentina , Cantillano Malone Christian , Pociecha Juan , Chamorro Noelia , Muro Valeria L. , von Lehe Marec , Vieker Silvia , Oluigbo Chima , Gaillard William D. , Al Khateeb Mashael , Al Otaibi Faisal , Krayenbühl Niklaus , Bolton Jeffrey , Pearl Phillip L. , Fallah Aria 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo develop and validate a model to predict seizure freedom in children undergoing cerebral hemispheric surgery for the treatment of drug‐resistant epilepsy.MethodsWe analyzed 1267 hemispheric surgeries performed in pediatric participants across 32 centers and 12 countries to identify predictors of seizure freedom at 3 months after surgery. A multivariate logistic regression model was developed based on 70% of the dataset (training set) and validated on 30% of the dataset (validation set). Missing data were handled using multiple imputation techniques.ResultsOverall, 817 of 1237 (66%) hemispheric surgeries led to seizure freedom (median follow‐up = 24 months), and 1050 of 1237 (85%) were seizure‐free at 12 months after surgery. A simple regression model containing age at seizure onset, presence of generalized seizure semiology, presence of contralateral 18‐fluoro‐2‐deoxyglucose–positron emission tomography hypometabolism, etiologic substrate, and previous nonhemispheric resective surgery is predictive of seizure freedom (area under the curve = .72). A Hemispheric Surgery Outcome Prediction Scale (HOPS) score was devised that can be used to predict seizure freedom.SignificanceChildren most likely to benefit from hemispheric surgery can be selected and counseled through the implementation of a scale derived from a multiple regression model. Importantly, children who are unlikely to experience seizure control can be spared from the complications and deficits associated with this surgery. The HOPS score is likely to help physicians in clinical decision‐making.
Phenotypic plasticity in courtship exposed to selection in a human‐disturbed environment
Authors: Candolin Ulrika , Jensen Irene 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhen environments change rapidly, evolutionary processes may be too slow to rescue populations from decline. Persistence then hinges on plastic adjustments of critical traits to the altered conditions. However, the degree to which species harbour the necessary plasticity and the degree to which the plasticity is exposed to selection in human‐disturbed environments are poorly known. We show that a population of the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) harbours variation in plasticity in male courtship behaviour, which is exposed to selection when visibility deteriorates because of enhanced algal growth. Females in clear water show no preference for plastic males, while females in algal‐rich, turbid water switch their mate preference towards males with adaptive plasticity. Thus, while the plasticity is not selected for in the original clear water environment, it comes under selection in turbid water. However, much maladaptive plasticity is present in the population, probably because larger turbidity fluctuations have been rare in the past. Thus, the probability that the plasticity will improve the ability of the population to cope with human‐induced increases in turbidity—and possibly facilitate genetic adaptation—depends on its prevalence and genetic basis. In conclusion, our results show that rapid human‐induced environmental change can expose phenotypic plasticity to selection, but that much of the plasticity can be maladaptive, also when the altered conditions represent extremes of earlier encountered conditions. Thus, whether the plasticity will improve population viability remains questionable.
Modeling short crack propagation under variable structural and thermal loadings
Authors: Bosch Alexander , Vormwald Michael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the present work, a new concept for the prediction of fatigue life under variable structural and thermal loads is presented based on the modeling of short crack propagation by the effective cyclic J‐integral. Stresses in the range below the initial endurance limit up to plastic deformations can be considered. The development and validation of the concept is based on the large database of constant and variable amplitude loading tests for the austenitic stainless steel X6CrNiNb18‐10 (1.4550, AISI 347). Taking into account the influence of notches and welding process, tests were performed for specimens with different stress concentration factors and even with specimens of nonhomogeneous microstructure due to welding or its physical simulation (Gleeble). The input for the developed model is based on local stress–strain hysteresis in the order of their occurrence. This is the basis for considering load sequence effects; the new J‐based model considers several types of them. The model as well as the identification of the parameters will be presented in detail. Validation to experimental results is also shown against the background of common fatigue concepts. Basic aspects of the model are discussed.
Contrasting pathways of carbon sequestration in paddy and upland soils
Authors: Chen Xiangbi , Hu Yajun , Xia Yinhang , Zheng Shengmeng , Ma Chong , Rui Yichao , He Hongbo , Huang Daoyou , Zhang Zhenhua , Ge Tida , Wu Jinshui , Guggenberger Georg , Kuzyakov Yakov , Su Yirong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPaddy soils make up the largest anthropogenic wetlands on earth, and are characterized by a prominent potential for organic carbon (C) sequestration. By quantifying the plant‐ and microbial‐derived C in soils across four climate zones, we identified that organic C accrual is achieved via contrasting pathways in paddy and upland soils. Paddies are 39%–127% more efficient in soil organic C (SOC) sequestration than their adjacent upland counterparts, with greater differences in warmer than cooler climates. Upland soils are more replenished by microbial‐derived C, whereas paddy soils are enriched with a greater proportion of plant‐derived C, because of the retarded microbial decomposition under anaerobic conditions induced by the flooding of paddies. Under both land‐use types, the maximal contribution of plant residues to SOC is at intermediate mean annual temperature (15–20°C), neutral soil (pH~7.3), and low clay/sand ratio. By contrast, high temperature (~24°C), low soil pH (~5), and large clay/sand ratio are favorable for strengthening the contribution of microbial necromass. The greater contribution of microbial necromass to SOC in waterlogged paddies in warmer climates is likely due to the fast anabolism from bacteria, whereas fungi are unlikely to be involved as they are aerobic. In the scenario of land‐use conversion from paddy to upland, a total of 504 Tg C may be lost as CO2 from paddy soils (0–15 cm) solely in eastern China, with 90% released from the less protected plant‐derived C. Hence, preserving paddy systems and other anthropogenic wetlands and increasing their C storage through sustainable management are critical for maintaining global soil C stock and mitigating climate change.