bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OTME-19. Regula Regulation of Gliomagenesis and Stemness Through Acid Sensor ASIC1a
Authors: King Pendelton , Wan Jingwei , guo Alyssa , Guo Shanchun , Jia Yugang , Liu Mingli 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent and aggressive type of adult gliomas. Despite intensive therapy including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, invariable tumor recurrence occurs, which suggests that glioblastoma stem cells (GSC) render these tumors persistent. Recently, GSC differentiation has emerged as an alternative method to treat GBM, and most of current studies aim to convert GSC to neurons by a combination of transcriptional factors. As the tumor microenvironment is typically acidic due to increased glycolysis in tumor cells, here, we explored the role of acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a), an acid sensor, as a tumor suppressor in gliomagenesis and stemness. The bioinformatics data from TCGA shows that ASIC1 expression levels in GBM tumor tissues were lower than those in normal brain, and glioma patients with elevated ASIC1 expression have longer survival than those with lowered ASIC1 expression. Our immunohistochemistry data from tissue microarray shows that ASIC1a expression is negatively correlated with glioma grading. Functional studies reveal that the downregulation of ASIC1a promotes glioma cell proliferation and invasion, while upregulation of ASIC1a inhibits their proliferation and invasion. Furthermore, ASIC1a suppresses glioma cells’ growth and proliferation through G1/S arrest and apoptosis induction. Mechanistically, ASIC1a negatively modulates glioma stemness via inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway and GSC markers CD133 and ALDH1. Our findings indicate that ASIC1a is a tumor suppressor in gliomagenesis and stemness and may serve as a promising prognostic biomarker and target for GBM patients.
Inhibition of microglial EZH2 leads to anti-tumoral effects in pediatric diffuse midline gliomas
Authors: Keane Lily , Cheray Mathilde , Saidi Dalel , Kirby Caoimhe , Friess Lara , Gonzalez-Rodriguez Patricia , Gerdes Maren Elisabeth , Grabert Kathleen , McColl Barry W , Joseph Bertrand 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG), within diffuse midline gliomas are aggressive pediatric brain tumors characterized by histone H3-K27M mutation. Small-molecule inhibitors for the EZH2-H3K27 histone methyltransferase have shown promise in preclinical animal models of DIPG, despite having little effect on DIPG cells in vitro. Therefore, we hypothesized that the effect of EZH2 inhibition could be mediated through targeting of this histone modifying enzyme in tumor-associated microglia.

Methods
Primary DIPG tissues, and cocultures between microglia and patient-derived DIPG or -pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG) cell lines, were used to establish the H3-K27M status of each cell type. Antisense RNA strategies were used to target EZH2 gene expression in both microglia and glioma cells. Microglia anti-tumoral properties were assessed by gene expression profile, tumor cell invasion capacity, microglial phagocytic activity, and associated tumor cell death.

Results
In primary DIPG tissues, microglia do not carry the H3-K27M mutation, otherwise characteristic of the cancer cells. Activation of a microglial tumor-supportive phenotype by pHGG, independently of their H3-K27M status, is associated with a transient H3K27me3 downregulation. Repression of EZH2 in DIPG cells has no impact on tumor cell survival or their ability to activate microglia. However, repression of EZH2 in microglia induces an anti-tumor phenotype resulting in decreased cancer cell invasion capability, increased microglial phagocytosis, and tumor-related cell death.

Conclusions
These results indicate that microglia, beyond the tumor cells, contribute to the observed response of DIPG to EZH2 inhibition. Results highlight the potential importance of microglia as a new therapeutic avenue in DIPG.
Support policies that foster a healthy food environment and incentivize healthy food purchases to mitigate cancer inequities
Authors: Wolf Patricia G , Sanchez-Flack Jennifer C , Buscemi Joanna , Fitzgibbon Marian L , Gaskins H Rex , Ridlon Jason M , Kim Sage , Tussing-Humphreys Lisa 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the inequitable access to resources, leading to a disproportionate burden of disease in vulnerable communities in the USA. However, these inequities in health outcomes are not limited to COVID-19. Approximately 18% of cancers are related to dietary behaviors and excess body weight. Underserved communities, such as minority racial/ethnic groups living in neighborhoods of low socioeconomic status, experience barriers to healthy eating including lack of access to high-quality healthy foods and higher availability of unhealthy foods and beverages in local retail food outlets. Strikingly, these same populations are more likely to die from cancers related to dietary intake and obesity like colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancers. To reduce cancer inequities, policy makers can act by supporting programs that incentivize healthy food purchases and improve the local food environment in underserved communities.
Mentoring Experiences of Male Faculty in Nursing Programs
Authors: Ortiz Cristina P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

AIM
The aim of this study was to examine the mentoring experiences of male faculty in nursing programs.

BACKGROUND
Recruiting and retaining male nursing faculty is important to achieve a workforce that reflects the diversity of society. Mentoring is one way to help recruit and retain male nursing faculty.

METHOD
Ten male nursing faculty in academia comprised the sample for this qualitative, descriptive study.

RESULTS
Reflection on the mentoring male nursing faculty received for career and psychosocial development revealed the following themes: early supporters, figuring it out, making connections, paying it forward, and the role of gender. Facilitators and barriers to mentoring experiences are described.

CONCLUSION
Results of this study may be used to support investment in mentoring programs to recruit and retain male nursing faculty in academia and promote a diverse nursing workforce.
Preoperative Physical Function Association With Mental Health Improvement After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
Authors: Parrish James M. , Jenkins Nathaniel W. , Lynch Conor P. , Cha Elliot D.K. , Brundage Thomas S. , Hrynewycz Nadia M. , Singh Kern 
Published: July 2021

Study Design:
This was a retrospective study.

Objective:
This study investigates the influence of physical function and their influence on postoperative depressive symptom scores as measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) among anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) patients.

Background:
While ACDF is one of the most commonly performed ambulatory surgeries, research is limited on the predictive value of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) scores and their influence on depressive symptoms as measured by the PHQ-9.

Methods:
A prospectively maintained surgical registry was retrospectively reviewed from March 2016 to January 2019. Inclusion criteria were primary or revision ACDF procedures. Patients were grouped by preoperative PROMIS score (≥35.0, <35.0), with higher scores indicating greater physical function. The χ2 and Student t tests assessed categorical and continuous variables (eg, demographics, perioperative, and postoperative values). A t test evaluated postoperative improvement in PROMIS Physical Function (PF) scores between subgroups among PROMIS PF scores and PHQ-9 score improvement at 6, 12 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year. Linear regression assessed preoperative PROMIS scores influence on PHQ-9 score improvement.

Results:
The 121 subject cohort was 61.2% male with an average age of 49.6±9.8 years. Compared with the PROMIS ≥35.0 group, the PROMIS <35.0 group also had larger improvement of PROMIS scores at 6 weeks. No significant difference in postoperative PHQ-9 improvement was observed between subgroups. There was a negative association between preoperative PROMIS scores and improvement in PROMIS scores at 6, 12 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year. There was a positive association between preoperative PROMIS scores and magnitude of 1-year PHQ-9 change.

Conclusions:
Individuals with lower preoperative PROMIS PF scores had significantly higher PHQ-9 scores at 1 year. Patients with lower preoperative physical function, as evaluated by PROMIS PF scoring, had greater improvement of mental health at 1 year postoperatively. This suggests that many patients experience multidimensional health benefits after ACDF procedures.
A Locally Optimized Data-Driven Tool to Predict Sepsis-Associated Vasopressor Use in the ICU
Authors: Holder Andre L. , Shashikumar Supreeth P. , Wardi Gabriel , Buchman Timothy G. , Nemati Shamim 
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVES:
To train a model to predict vasopressor use in ICU patients with sepsis and optimize external performance across hospital systems using domain adaptation, a transfer learning approach.

DESIGN:
Observational cohort study.

SETTING:
Two academic medical centers from January 2014 to June 2017.

PATIENTS:
Data were analyzed from 14,512 patients (9,423 at the development site and 5,089 at the validation site) who were admitted to an ICU and met Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services definition of severe sepsis either before or during the ICU stay. Patients were excluded if they never developed sepsis, if the ICU length of stay was less than 8 hours or more than 20 days or if they developed shock up to the first 4 hours of ICU admission.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Forty retrospectively collected features from the electronic medical records of adult ICU patients at the development site (four hospitals) were used as inputs for a neural network Weibull-Cox survival model to derive a prediction tool for future need of vasopressors. Domain adaptation updated parameters to optimize model performance in the validation site (two hospitals), a different healthcare system over 2,000 miles away. The cohorts at both sites were randomly split into training and testing sets (80% and 20%, respectively). When applied to the test set in the development site, the model predicted vasopressor use 4–24 hours in advance with an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve, specificity, and positive predictive value ranging from 0.80 to 0.81, 56.2% to 61.8%, and 5.6% to 12.1%, respectively. Domain adaptation improved performance of the model to predict vasopressor use within 4 hours at the validation site (area under the receiver operator characteristic curve 0.81 [CI, 0.80–0.81] from 0.77 [CI, 0.76–0.77], p < 0.01; specificity 59.7% [CI, 58.9–62.5%] from 49.9% [CI, 49.5–50.7%], p < 0.01; positive predictive value 8.9% [CI, 8.5–9.4%] from 7.3 [7.1–7.4%], p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS:
Domain adaptation improved performance of a model predicting sepsis-associated vasopressor use during external validation.
Establish a normal fetal lung gestational age grading model and explore the potential value of deep learning algorithms in fetal lung maturity evaluation
Authors: Xia Tai-Hui , Tan Man , Li Jing-Hua , Wang Jing-Jing , Wu Qing-Qing , Kong De-Xing 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background:
Prenatal evaluation of fetal lung maturity (FLM) is a challenge, and an effective non-invasive method for prenatal assessment of FLM is needed. The study aimed to establish a normal fetal lung gestational age (GA) grading model based on deep learning (DL) algorithms, validate the effectiveness of the model, and explore the potential value of DL algorithms in assessing FLM.

Methods:
A total of 7013 ultrasound images obtained from 1023 normal pregnancies between 20 and 41 + 6 weeks were analyzed in this study. There were no pregnancy-related complications that affected fetal lung development, and all infants were born without neonatal respiratory diseases. The images were divided into three classes based on the gestational week: class I: 20 to 29 + 6 weeks, class II: 30 to 36 + 6 weeks, and class III: 37 to 41 + 6 weeks. There were 3323, 2142, and 1548 images in each class, respectively. First, we performed a pre-processing algorithm to remove irrelevant information from each image. Then, a convolutional neural network was designed to identify different categories of fetal lung ultrasound images. Finally, we used ten-fold cross-validation to validate the performance of our model. This new machine learning algorithm automatically extracted and classified lung ultrasound image information related to GA. This was used to establish a grading model. The performance of the grading model was assessed using accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic curves.

Results:
A normal fetal lung GA grading model was established and validated. The sensitivity of each class in the independent test set was 91.7%, 69.8%, and 86.4%, respectively. The specificity of each class in the independent test set was 76.8%, 90.0%, and 83.1%, respectively. The total accuracy was 83.8%. The area under the curve (AUC) of each class was 0.982, 0.907, and 0.960, respectively. The micro-average AUC was 0.957, and the macro-average AUC was 0.949.

Conclusions:
The normal fetal lung GA grading model could accurately identify ultrasound images of the fetal lung at different GAs, which can be used to identify cases of abnormal lung development due to gestational diseases and evaluate lung maturity after antenatal corticosteroid therapy. The results indicate that DL algorithms can be used as a non-invasive method to predict FLM.
Comparison of a new IOL injector system against 3 standard IOL injector systems with different incision sizes: Miyake-Apple view experimental laboratory study
Authors: Zhang Lu , Schickhardt Sonja , Fang Hui , Auerbach Florian , Cagampang Perfecto , Merz Patrick R. , Auffarth Gerd U. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose:
To compare 1 new intraocular lens (IOL) injector system against 3 standard injector systems in porcine eyes.

Setting:
David J Apple Center for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.

Design:
In vitro laboratory study.

Methods:
In 70 porcine eyes, +20.0 diopter IOLs were implanted with the following systems: multiSert, UltraSert, iTec, and RayOne, that is, S1.8 (incision size: 1.8 mm), S2.0 (2.0 mm), S2.2P (2.2 mm, push mode), S2.2S (2.2 mm, screw mode), U2.2 (2.2 mm), iT2.2 (2.2 mm), and R2.0 (2.0 mm). Corneal incision sizes were measured before and after implantation with an incision gauge set. Ease of use was evaluated using a Likert scale. IOL delivery time and performance were determined based on Miyake-Apple view videos.

Results:
Of the 70 eyes studied, the incision enlargements were 0.36 ± 0.08 mm (S1.8), 0.15 ± 0.07 mm (S2.0), 0.17 ± 0.12 mm (S2.2P), 0.28 ± 0.10 mm (S2.2S), 0.32 ± 0.09 mm (U2.2), 0.30 ± 0.08 mm (iT2.2), and 0.35 ± 0.11 mm (R2.0). Total scores of ease of use were 23.00 (S1.8), 25.00 (S2.0), 29.00 (S2.2P), 26.00 (S2.2S), 26.00 (U2.2), 25.00 (iT2.2), and 24.00 (R2.0). As for the mean delivery time, iT2.2 took the longest time (13.20 ± 3.29 seconds), whereas S2.2S took the shortest time (4.50 ± 0.71 seconds). Optic–haptic adhesion was observed in S1.8 (4, 40%), S2.2P (2, 20%), U2.2 (5, 50%), and iT2.2 (5, 50%).

Conclusions:
Injector S, with the appropriate incision size and implantation method, could achieve better results regarding incision enlargement, ease of use, delivery time, and performance than other injector systems. There was an indirect relationship between incision size and inadvertent events.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and thyroid disease. An update
Authors: Brix Thomas H. , Hegedüs Laszlo 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of review
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with excess morbidity and mortality in patients with hypertension and diabetes but little is known about thyroid diseases. Thus, our goal was to review the literature with respect to: (i) Are patients with underlying hypo- or hyperthyroidism at increased risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 infection? (ii) do underlying hypo- and hyperthyroidism impact the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection? (iii) does SARS-CoV-2 infection cause de novo thyroid dysfunction?

Recent findings
Patients with hypo- or hyperthyroidism do not have an increased risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2, and a diagnosis of hypo- or hyperthyroidism is not associated with a worsened prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with subsequent thyrotoxicosis, euthyroid sick syndrome, subacute thyroiditis, and autoimmune thyroid disease.

Summary
These findings suggest that receiving treatment for thyroid dysfunction does not per se impact the patients’ risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection, or the management of those who already contracted it. Additional studies with larger numbers of patients and long-term follow-up are required in order to clarify whether patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection are more or less prone to develop thyroid dysfunction and/or thyroid autoimmunity than patients recovering from other virus infections.
Eyelid Lymphatics: An Anatomical Study by Microdissection
Authors: Wu Gaoyang , Yang Yayi , Sheng Lingling , Jiang Zhaohua , Cao Weigang , Li Shengli , Dai Tingting 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
To obtain further understanding of the eyelid lymphatic anatomy.

Method:
Thirty-two halves of eyelids from 16 fresh fetus cadavers were studied by microdissection using a mixture of 3% Prussian blue and chloroform to visualize the lymphatic vessels.

Results:
Three layers of lymphatic plexuses were demonstrated in the eyelids: a superficial or preorbicularis muscle plexus; a pretarsal or postorbicular muscle plexus; and a deep or posttarsal plexus. Furthermore, communicating branches among these plexuses were also spotted.

Conclusions:
The study results demonstrated the topographic distribution of the eyelid lymphatic vessels and confirmed the existence of communicating branches. This discovery will be conducive to understanding the route and mechanism by which inflammation of the eyelid spreads and cancer disseminates. It also provides anatomical insights to apply during eyelid surgery with regard to the prevention of possible eyelid lymphatic injury.
Multiple Arterial Vascular Anomalies in the Periorbital, Paranasal, and Intracranial Spaces Treated With Systemic Bevacizumab
Authors: Karlin Justin N. , Ahankoob Niaz , Rootman Daniel B. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Arteriovenous malformations of the orbit are rare congenital hamartomas defined by a direct connection between the arterial and venous systems without an intervening capillary bed. Treatment can be challenging, as these lesions are anatomically complex, often involve multiple locations, and have a tendency to recur. A multidisciplinary approach is typically required, involving endovascular and surgical teams. The authors present a case of a 33-year-old man with a complex, recurrent orbital arteriovenous malformations in the context of wider head and neck vascular anomaly syndrome involving the paranasal sinuses, deep facial tissues, and intracranial spaces. The complex and evolving clinical manifestations of this disease are presented with emphasis on the interdependence of the anomalies and biologic management strategies.
Temporal Trends in Utilization and Outcomes of DCD Livers in the United States
Authors: Ruck Jessica M. , Jackson Kyle R. , Motter Jennifer D. , Massie Allan B. , Philosophe Benjamin , Cameron Andrew M. , Ottmann Shane E. , Wesson Russell , Gurakar Ahmet O. , Segev Dorry L. , Garonzik-Wang Jacqueline 
Published: July 2021

Background.
Historically, donation after circulatory death (DCD) livers were frequently discarded because of higher mortality and graft loss after liver transplantation (LT). However, the demand for LT continues to outstrip the supply of “acceptable” organs. Additionally, changes in the donor pool, organ allocation, and clinical management of donors and recipients, and improved clinical protocols might have altered post-DCD-LT outcomes.

Methods.
We studied 5975 recovered DCD livers using US Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data from 2005 to 2017, with a comparison group of 78 235 adult donation after brain death (DBD) livers recovered during the same time period. We quantified temporal trends in discard using adjusted multilevel logistic regression and temporal trends in post-LT mortality and graft loss for DCD LT recipients using adjusted Cox regression.

Results.
DCD livers were more likely to be discarded than DBD livers across the entire study period, and the relative likelihood of discard increased over time (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] of discard DCD versus DBD 3.854.455.14 2005–2007, 5.225.876.59 2015–2017) despite improving outcomes after DCD LT. Mortality risk for DCD LTs decreased in each time period (compared with 2005–2007, aHR 2008–2011 0.720.840.97, aHR 2012–2014 0.480.580.70, aHR 2015–2017 0.340.430.55), as did risk of graft loss (compared with 2005–2007, aHR 2008–2011 0.690.810.94, aHR 2012–2014 0.450.550.67, aHR 2015–2017 0.360.450.56).

Conclusions.
Despite dramatic improvements in outcomes of DCD LT recipients, DCD livers remain substantially more likely to be discarded than DBD livers, and this discrepancy has actually increased over time. DCD livers are underutilized and have the potential to expand the donor pool.
Musiré: multimodal simulation and reconstruction framework for the radiological imaging sciences
Authors: Peter Jörg 
Published: July 2021

A software-based workflow is proposed for managing the execution of simulation and image reconstruction for SPECT, PET, CBCT, MRI, BLI and FMI packages in single and multimodal biomedical imaging applications. The workflow is composed of aBashscript, the purpose of which is to provide an interface to the user, and to organize data flow between dedicated programs for simulation and reconstruction. The currently incorporated simulation programs compriseGATEfor Monte Carlo simulation of SPECT, PET and CBCT,SpinScenariofor simulating MRI, andLiprosfor Monte Carlo simulation of BLI and FMI. Currently incorporated image reconstruction programs includeCASToRfor SPECT and PET as well asRTKfor CBCT. MetaImage (mhd) standard is used for voxelized phantom and image data format. Meshlab project (mlp) containers incorporating polygon meshes and point clouds defined by the Stanford triangle format (ply) are employed to represent anatomical structures for optical simulation, and to represent tumour cell inserts. A number of auxiliary programs have been developed for data transformation and adaptive parameter assignment. The software workflow uses fully automatic distribution to, and consolidation from, any number of Linux workstations and CPU cores. Example data are presented for clinical SPECT, PET and MRI systems using theMidahead phantom and for preclinical X-ray, PET and BLI systems employing theDigimousephantom. The presented method unifies and simplifies multimodal simulation setup and image reconstruction management and might be of value for synergistic image research.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Synergistic tomographic image reconstruction: part 2’.