bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moralization and moral trade‐offs explain (in)tolerance of Muslim minority behaviours
Authors: Adelman Levi , Verkuyten Maykel , Yogeeswaran Kumar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHow do people decide whether specific minority behaviours should or should not be tolerated in society? The current research investigates the role of moralization in tolerance of Muslim minority behaviours that differ in their level of perceived normative dissent with four national samples of majority group members in the Netherlands and Germany (N = 3628). Study 1 revealed that behaviours perceived as more normatively dissenting were increasingly moralized and tolerated less. In Studies 2 and 3, we found that more normatively dissenting behaviours prompted people to prioritize the moral value of social cohesion over freedom and become less tolerant. Finally, Study 4 shows that priming the moral value of religious freedom decreases intolerance of a highly dissenting Muslim minority practice. Taken together, these studies reveal that moralization and value prioritizing can be associated with either intolerance or tolerance of minority behaviours depending on the perceived normative dissenting nature of these behaviours.
Understanding a liminal condition: Comparing emerging representations of the “vegetative state”
Authors: Zulato Edoardo , Montali Lorenzo , Bauer Martin W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOur research explored the social representations of the ‘vegetative state’ across different cultural (India, Italy, and the UK) and social milieus (left‐leaning, right‐leaning, and religious/tabloid newspapers). The aim was to discover how public discourse engages liminality between life and death. Qualitative and quantitative text analyses were conducted on news headlines and full‐texts from British (n = 300), Indian (n = 300), and Italian (n = 300) newspapers published between January 1990 and June 2019. Our study shows three results: (a) the vegetative state is a potentially global issue that remains discussed with local timing and characteristics; (b) it is commonly represented in eight frames of different resonance across cultural milieus; (c) the news flows are organised on different dimensions (quality, political, and ideological). Results shed light on how liminality is discursively managed by the interplay of cultural resources and social positionings. In particular, this suggests a hitherto unrecognised function of the objectification process: personification as position‐taking.
Investigation of exergetic and exergo‐sustainability metrics for high by‐pass turbofan engine at different power settings
Authors: Aygun Hakan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates influences of several throttle settings on several exergetic and exergo‐sustainability parameters by employing thermodynamic principles for high by‐pass turbofan engine as named PW4000 engine. First, energy efficiency of the PW4000 is found to vary between 9.77% and 37.69% due to rising from 5544 RPM to 9169 RPM. Considering exergetic results on component basis, rising power setting leads to increase exergy efficiency of the components. Also, the combustor of PW4000 belongs to lowest exergy efficiency throughout 19 RPMs. Namely, exergy efficiency of the combustor increases from 69.14% to 86.31% whereas that of LPT raises from 92.01% to 93.25% owing to the increase in RPM. Considering sustainability parameters for whole engine, exergy efficiency of PW4000 varies from 9.13% to 35.26% whereas its exergetic sustainability index increases from 0.276 to 1.238 throughout RPM values. Furthermore, environmental effect factor of PW4000 decreases from 3.26 to 0.807 due to rising RPM value. According to these results, it is revealed that there are generally nonlinear relationship between thermodynamic parameters and power settings. To measure exergetic metrics of turbofan engines for different running points can allow researchers to find optimum RPM value of the engine in terms of thermodynamic sustainability.
A comparative study on two different configurations of hybrid photovoltaic thermal collector with experimental validation and uncertainty analysis
Authors: Boumaaraf Houria , Boumaaraf Billel , Slimani Mohamed El‐Amine , Ait‐Cheikh Mohamed Salah , Touafek Khaled 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn addition to the electricity produced by photovoltaic cells, the use of a hybrid photovoltaic thermal collector (PV/T) can simultaneously produce thermal energy and reduce the energy loss from the photovoltaic module. There are many types of hybrid PV/T collector depending on the number of additional glasses, the configuration of the exchanger used, the nature of the heat transfer fluid, and so forth. In this article, we will study a polycrystalline photovoltaic module with a diode and a hybrid PV/T collector with glazed and unglazed configurations, a comparison of electrical and thermal studies is presented between these three systems under the climatic conditions of Ghardaïa city (semiarid region). To this end, a numerical model have been developed and evaluated by means of a simulation in the MATLAB environment. In addition, it has been validated experimentally. The experimental results are in good agreement with those of simulation, the useful energy efficiency values are 6.78, 68, and 67.86% for the photovoltaic generator (GPV), unglazed hybrid collector (PV/T‐I), and glazed hybrid collector (PV/T‐II), respectively; otherwise, the energy losses for the same systems reach 93.22, 32, and 32.14%, respectively; therefore, the hybrid collector has the best overall performance compared to the GPV. The results also show the effect of additional glass on the useful energy of the hybrid collector under semiarid area climatic conditions.
Improved fast pyrolysis bio‐oils from straw and miscanthus by fractionated condensation
Authors: Conrad Stefan , Blajin Cristina , Schulzke Tim , Deerberg Goerge 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFast pyrolysis is one of the most promising conversion processes for producing advanced biofuels, which can be used as substitute for fuel oils or chemicals. Herbaceous biomass due to its comparatively high amount of cellulose and catalytically active inorganic content results in pyrolysis oil with high water content even if the original biomass was dry. Such bio‐oil separates into two phases: an upper aqueous phase and a bottom tarry phase. The phase separation by decantation is not an efficient method to reduce the water content and total acid number because a part of valuable components will be lost to the aqueous phase. To improve the quality of bio‐oils producing single‐phase liquids by staged condensation seems to be the better method. The minimum condensation temperature which leads to single‐phase liquid bio‐oils was determined to be around 66°C for wheat/barley straw and 62°C for miscanthus. A further increase in temperature will result in bio‐oils with lower water content and total acid number, but goes along with higher losses of organics to the second condensation stage.
Engineering geomorphology: A novel professional profile to face applied challenges in earth surface dynamics in mid‐Europe
Authors: Laimer Hans Jörg 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEngineering geomorphology is concerned with the assessment of surface processes, sediment dynamics, landform changes and geomorphological hazards, which are related to civil engineering and construction. As an important planning component, it contributes significantly to the solution of societal problems on a dynamic earth surface. Unlike in the UK and other countries where it has become an independent sector within geotechnical engineering, the discipline has found little attention up to now in mid‐European applied geosciences. This ESEX commentary discusses the under‐representation and proposes an advancement of professional engineering geomorphology within the German‐speaking countries. The relation to neighbouring disciplines and the history of the field are illustrated from the academic and practical perspectives. A brief outline of potential fields of activity, recent professional practice and requirements for academic training are presented to provide aspiring practitioners with an idea of their future prospects as engineering geomorphologists. As part of their qualification, teamwork with geologists and engineers must be considered a key aspect, involving mutual knowledge of methods, techniques and interfaces for the propagation of uncertainty. The discussion demonstrates ways engineering geomorphology could be implemented as an established profession/academic discipline in mid‐Europe as part of physical geography, geosciences and neighbouring engineering disciplines.
Microencapsulation: An overview on concepts, methods, properties and applications in foods
Authors: Choudhury Nitamani , Meghwal Murlidhar , Das Kalyan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMicroencapsulation is an advanced food processing technology, using which any compound can be encapsulated inside a particular material, making a tiny sphere of diameter ranging from 1 μm to several 100 μm. Microencapsulation is done for protecting the sensitive compounds and, hence, ensuring their safe delivery. The compound or active material which is encapsulated is called the core and the material which is used for encapsulating is called the encapsulant. Encapsulants can be either polymeric or nonpolymeric materials like cellulose, ethylene glycol, and gelatin. There are several techniques used for microencapsulation. Fluidized bed coating, spray cooling, spray drying, extrusion, and coacervation are few to be named. The selection of a particular technique depends upon the properties of the core material, encapsulant, and different properties and morphology of the capsules desired. The characterization and optimization of efficient and successful encapsulation can be done by studying the encapsulation efficiency and various properties of the capsules like morphology, size, hydrophobicity, hygroscopicity, solubility, surface tension, thermal behavior, and mechanical properties. Microencapsulation is a technology that is extensively used in foods, whether as a fortifying tool or as a mode for the development of a functional food. Based on the fundamental understanding of encapsulation and latest research and findings from literature, this review critically analyses and brings together the utilization of this particular technique in foods, different methods used for encapsulation, different properties of the capsules which result from the different techniques adopted for microencapsulation and different release mechanisms used for delivering the compounds.
Therapeutic effects of vitamin D and cancer: An overview
Authors: Varghese Jisha Elsa , Balasubramanian Balamuralikrishnan , Velayuthaprabhu Shanmugam , Thirunavukkarasu Velusamy , Rengarajan Rengasamy Lakshminarayanan , Murugesh Easwaran , Manikandan Pappusamy , Arun Meyyazhagan , Anand Arumugam Vijaya 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSince vitamin D's discovery, strenuous efforts to investigate its physiological exploit and deficiency on human health were done. Our body synthesizes fat‐soluble vitamin D when get exposed to sunlight. In recent years, experimental data indicate that sunlight exposure and an adequate level of circulating vitamin D can reduce the incidence of cancer. Several in vitro and in vivo studies also suggest vitamin D as a potentially valuable supplement for cancer treatment and prevention. Nevertheless, there need to be adequate clinical studies performed to substantiate the suppressive ability of vitamin D concerning cancer incidence. Thus, understanding the cellular mechanisms of vitamin D can be advantageous for preventing several chronic diseases. Consequently, this review concentrates on different studies that have been conducted to characterize the outcome of vitamin D in reducing cancer incidence and its medication by cellular progression mechanism.
Association of Genetic Risk Score With NAFLD in An Ethnically Diverse Cohort
Authors: Wang Jun , Conti David V. , Bogumil David , Sheng Xin , Noureddin Mazen , Wilkens Lynne R. , Le Marchand Loic , Rosen Hugo R. , Haiman Christopher A. , Setiawan Veronica Wendy 
Published: June 2021

Most genetic studies of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have been conducted in Whites. In this large and ethnically diverse cohort, we assessed the transportability of previously identified genetic variants for NAFLD, built a genetic risk score (GRS), and examined its association with NAFLD risk in multiple ethnic groups. Thirty previously identified genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) variants (P < 5 × 10−8) and 17 other variants associated with NAFLD were examined in a nested case‐control study of NAFLD (1,448 cases/8,444 controls) in this multi‐ethnic cohort study. We then built a GRS using 11 independent single‐nucleotide polymorphisms from these prior studies and examined its association with NAFLD by cirrhosis status across multiple ethnic groups. Of the 30 GWAS SNPs, 20 (67%) were replicated (P < 0.05) in the pooled multi‐ethnic population. The highest percentage of replication was seen in Latinos (43%), followed by Japanese Americans (37%), Whites (17%), and Native Hawaiians and African Americans (≤10%). Several genetic variants, including those in PNPLA3 (patatin‐like phospholipase domain containing 3), HSD17B13 (hydroxysteroid 17‐beta dehydrogenase 13), TM6SF2 (transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2), GATAD2A (GATA zinc finger domain containing 2A), GCKR (glucokinase regulator), SUGP1 (SURP and G‐patch domain containing 1), MBOAT7 (membrane bound O‐acyltransferase domain containing 7), TRIB1 (tribbles pseudokinase 1), SAMM50 (sorting and assembly machinery component), and ERLIN1 (ER lipid raft associated 1)–CHUK (component of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase complex)–CWF19L1 (CWF19 like cell cycle control factor 1) gene cluster, were replicated in at least two ethnic groups. An 11‐SNP weighted GRS was associated with NAFLD risk in the multi‐ethnic population (odds ratio [OR] per SD increase = 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.32‐1.50), as well as in each ethnic group (OR ranged from 1.30 in African Americans to 1.52 in Latinos). The GRS–NAFLD association was stronger for NAFLD with cirrhosis (OR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.46‐1.92) compared to NAFLD without cirrhosis (OR = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.28‐1.46) (P
heterogeneity = 0.003). Conclusion: In this ethnically diverse cohort, we replicated several key genetic variants for NAFLD and showed the utility of GRS based on the risk alleles for NAFLD risk stratification in multiple ethnic groups.
Can edible oils, as practical phase change materials, be used for body cooling after physical work in a hot–humid environment?
Authors: Wijayanto Titis , Herliansyah Muhammad Kusumawan , Ayu Ajeng Sekar , Sudarman Puspitaningrum Adi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study investigated whether wearing phase change material (PCM) packs made of edible oils, such as coconut oil (CO) and palm oil (PO), after engaging in physical activities can alleviate heat strain in a hot and humid environment. Eleven healthy young males performed a treadmill exercise for 30 min. After the physical activity, the participants underwent resting recovery for 30 min with or without a cooling vest made of either CO‐ or PO‐based PCM packs. Results showed that wearing PCM packs made of edible oils as a personal cooling device significantly reduced tympanic temperature, mean skin temperature, and heart rate during the recovery period. The CO‐ and PO‐based PCM packs also improved perceptual thermal strain during recovery. Hence, PCMs made of edible oils can be used as a cooling device to reduce heat strain and improve comfort after physical work in a hot and humid environment. From the aspects of ergonomics and human factors, the use of CO‐ and PO‐based PCM packs for personal cooling is a viable option for preventing heat‐related disorders and maintaining productivity and workers' well‐being.
Long‐Term Effects of Sglt2 Deletion on Bone and Mineral Metabolism in Mice
Authors: Gerber Claire , Wang Xueyan , David Valentin , Quaggin Susan E. , Isakova Tamara , Martin Aline 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTSodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors improve kidney and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, bone fragility has emerged as a side effect in some but not in all human studies. Because use of SGLT2 inhibitors in humans affects mineral metabolism, we investigated the long‐term effects of genetic loss of Sglt2 function on bone and mineral metabolism in mice. Slc5a2 nonsense mutation in Sweet Pee (SP) mice results in total loss of Sglt2 function. We collected urine, serum, and bone samples from 15‐week‐old and 25‐week‐old wild‐type (WT) and SP mice fasted from food overnight. We measured parameters of renal function and mineral metabolism and we assessed bone growth, microarchitecture, and mineralization. As expected, 15‐week‐old and 25‐week‐old SP mice showed increased glucosuria, and normal kidney function compared to age‐matched WT mice. At 15 weeks, SP mice did not show alterations in mineral metabolism parameters. At 25 weeks, SP mice showed reduced fasting 24‐hour urinary calcium excretion and increased fractional excretion of phosphate, but normal serum calcium and phosphate, parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF23) levels. At 25 weeks, but not at 15 weeks, SP mice showed reduced body weight compared to WT. This was associated with reduced femur length at 25 weeks, suggesting impaired skeletal growth. SP mice did not show trabecular or cortical bone microarchitectural modifications but showed reduced cortical bone mineral density compared to WT mice at 25 weeks. These results suggest that loss of Sglt2 function in mice in the absence of T2DM does not alter regulatory hormones FGF23, PTH, and 1,25(OH)2D, but may contribute to bone fragility over the long term. Future studies are required to determine how loss of Sglt2 function impacts bone fragility in T2DM. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Cytokines: Application in recurrence appraisal for differentiated thyroid carcinoma and their relation with radioiodine ablation
Authors: Yang Mengdie , Yin Yuzhen , Zhang Jiajia , Yi Wanwan , Liu Jin , Chen Duo , Zhang Han , Fan Xin , Zhang Yu , Zhu Mengqin , Qin Shanshan , Lv Zhongwei , Yu Fei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe limitations in discriminating preablation disease‐active status of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) still represent a major challenge to radioiodine dose management. Cytokines, the small protein signaling molecules that constitute the thyroid tumor microenvironment, play significant roles in the facilitation of intercellular communication and the control of tumorigenesis. Also, more attention should be paid to the molecular events within the innate and adaptive immune systems that occur after the organism being exposed to ionizing radiation. Therefore, we implemented a study of 260 patients with DTC in thyroid hormone withdrawal status who were treated with total thyroidectomy to explore the relationship between cytokines and recurrence/active disease status. Besides, we made a cross‐sectional study to analyze pre‐ and post‐ablation serum concentration of cytokines of 86 patients with DTC. There was a relationship between clinicohistopathological characteristics of patients with DTC and the presence of cytokines. It is noteworthy that patients with recurrence/active disease were at a higher serum interleukin‐2 receptor (IL‐2R) level than the disease‐free patients (213.59 ± 75.43 pg/ml vs. 186.80 ± 77.40 pg/ml, P = 0.005). Positive correlation was observed between serum IL‐2R and thyroglobulin (Tg) (P = 0.003). We also found significant changes in the cytokine profile after radioiodine ablation, including the decrease of tumor necrosis factor‐α and IL‐8 (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively), and increase of IL‐2R (P < 0.001). Thus, we suggest that serum IL‐2R may assist in evaluating the disease status during the post‐thyroidectomy follow‐up and radioiodine therapy has an immunoregulatory effect on serum cytokines.
Artificial intelligence‐based analysis of body composition in Marfan: skeletal muscle density and psoas muscle index predict aortic enlargement
Authors: Beetz Nick Lasse , Maier Christoph , Shnayien Seyd , Trippel Tobias Daniel , Gehle Petra , Fehrenbach Uli , Geisel Dominik 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with Marfan syndrome are at risk for aortic enlargement and are routinely monitored by computed tomography (CT) imaging. The purpose of this study is to analyse body composition using artificial intelligence (AI)‐based tissue segmentation in patients with Marfan syndrome in order to identify possible predictors of progressive aortic enlargement.MethodsIn this study, the body composition of 25 patients aged ≤50 years with Marfan syndrome and no prior aortic repair was analysed at the third lumbar vertebra (L3) level from a retrospective dataset using an AI‐based software tool (Visage Imaging). All patients underwent electrocardiography‐triggered CT of the aorta twice within 2 years for suspected progression of aortic disease, suspected dissection, and/or pre‐operative evaluation. Progression of aortic enlargement was defined as an increase in diameter at the aortic sinus or the ascending aorta of at least 2 mm. Patients meeting this definition were assigned to the ‘progressive aortic enlargement’ group (proAE group) and patients with stable diameters to the ‘stable aortic enlargement’ group (staAE group). Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney U test. Two possible body composition predictors of aortic enlargement—skeletal muscle density (SMD) and psoas muscle index (PMI)—were analysed further using multivariant logistic regression analysis. Aortic enlargement was defined as the dependent variant, whereas PMI, SMD, age, sex, body mass index (BMI), beta blocker medication, and time interval between CT scans were defined as independent variants.ResultsThere were 13 patients in the proAE group and 12 patients in the staAE group. AI‐based automated analysis of body composition at L3 revealed a significantly increased SMD measured in Hounsfield units (HUs) in patients with aortic enlargement (proAE group: 50.0 ± 8.6 HU vs. staAE group: 39.0 ± 15.0 HU; P = 0.03). PMI also trended towards higher values in the proAE group (proAE group: 6.8 ± 2.3 vs. staAE group: 5.6 ± 1.3; P = 0.19). Multivariate logistic regression revealed significant prediction of aortic enlargement for SMD (P = 0.05) and PMI (P = 0.04).ConclusionsArtificial intelligence‐based analysis of body composition at L3 in Marfan patients is feasible and easily available from CT angiography. Analysis of body composition at L3 revealed significantly higher SMD in patients with progressive aortic enlargement. PMI and SMD significantly predicted aortic enlargement in these patients. Using body composition as a predictor of progressive aortic enlargement may contribute information for risk stratification regarding follow‐up intervals and the need for aortic repair.