bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review: Unaccompanied refugee minors’ perception of mental health services and professionals: a systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Demazure Gwladys , Baeyens Céline , Pinsault Nicolas 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundUnaccompanied refugee minors (URMs) are a population at risk of mental health problems and a population with whom the therapeutic alliance can be difficult to set up. The therapeutic alliance’s quality can impact the result and effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions. The aim of the present study was to gather URMs’ points of view about mental health services and mental health professionals (MHP) in the host country. A summary of interviews conducted with URMs will allow a better understanding of their perception and expectations.MethodsSeven databases were searched with English and French keywords. In the end, nine studies were selected.ResultsThe review of the interviews shows that URMs do not have a clear perception of MHP – it seems difficult for them to trust MHP, but also to understand the value of sharing past painful experiences to reduce current symptoms. They can have a negative perception of mental health and consider that this is not a priority. URMs prefer to focus on day‐to‐day problems, do activity‐based interventions and do group sessions to value social interactions.ConclusionsClinical and methodological implications are discussed. The development of an instrument to evaluate therapeutic care for URMs could be interesting for future research and for clinicians.
Retracted: Overexpression of dopamine receptor D2 promotes colorectal cancer progression by activating the β‐catenin/ZEB1 axis
Authors: Lee Hyunjung , Shim Sehwan , Kong Joon Seog , Kim Min‐Jung , Park Sunhoo , Lee Seung‐Sook , Kim Areumnuri 
Published: June 2021

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is a recurring cancer that is often resistant to conventional therapies and therefore requires the development of molecular‐based therapeutic approaches. Dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) is associated with the growth of many types of tumors, but its oncogenic role in CRC is unclear. Here, we observed that elevated DRD2 expression was associated with a poor survival rate among patients with CRC. Depletion of DRD2 suppressed CRC cell growth and motility by downregulating β‐catenin/ZEB signaling in vitro and in vivo, whereas overexpression of DRD2 promoted CRC cell progression. Inhibition of DRD2 by the antagonist pimozide inhibited tumor growth and lymph node metastasis in vivo and enhanced the cytotoxic effects of conventional agents in vitro. Taken together, our findings indicate that targeting the DRD2/β‐catenin/ZEB1 signaling axis is a potentially promising therapeutic strategy for patients with CRC.
Allergen extract‐ and component‐based diagnostics in children of the ALLIANCE asthma cohort
Authors: Skevaki Chrysanthi , Tafo Pavel , Eiringhaus Kathrin , Timmesfeld Nina , Weckmann Markus , Happle Christine , Nelson Philipp P. , Maison Nicole , Schaub Bianca , Ricklefs Isabell , Fuchs Oliver , von Mutius Erika , Kopp Matthias Volkmar , Renz Harald , Hansen Gesine , Dittrich Anna‐Maria ,   the ALLIANCE Study Group
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundCurrent in vitro allergen‐specific IgE (sIgE) detection assays measure IgE against allergen extracts or molecules in a single‐ or multiplex approach. Direct comparisons of the performance of such assays among young children with common presentations of allergic diseases regardless of sensitization status are largely missing.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was a comparison of the analytical and diagnostic performance for common clinical questions of three commonly used technologies which rely upon different laboratory methodologies among children of the All Age Asthma (ALLIANCE) cohort (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02496468).MethodsSera from 106 paediatric study participants (mean age 4 years) were assessed for the presence of sIgE by means of the ImmunoCAP™ sx1 and fx5 mixes, the ImmunoCAP ISAC™ 112 microarray and a Euroline™ panel.ResultsTotal and negative concordance was high (>82%–>89%), while positive concordance varied considerably (0%–100%) but was also >50% for the most common sensitizations analysed (house dust mite and birch). All three test systems showed good sensitivity and specificity (AUC consistently > 0.7). However, no significant differences with regard to identifying sIgE sensitizations associated with symptoms in children with suspected pollen‐ or dust‐triggered wheeze or presenting with symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis or food allergy were detected. Extending the number of allergens did not change the similar performance of the three assay systems.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceAmong young children, the three sIgE assays showed good analytical and diagnostic concordance. Our results caution that the identification of larger numbers of sensitizations by more comprehensive multiplex approaches may not improve the clinical utility of sIgE testing in this age group.
A new method for broad‐scale modeling and projection of plant assemblages under climatic, biotic, and environmental cofiltering
Authors: Ferrarini Alessandro , Bai Yang , Dai Junhu , Alatalo Juha M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere is increasing interestin broad‐scale analysis, modeling, and prediction of the distribution and composition of plant species assemblages under climatic, environmental, and biotic change, particularly for conservation purposes. We devised a method to reliably predict the impact of climate change on large assemblages of plant communities, while also considering competing biotic and environmental factors. To this purpose, we first used multilabel algorithms in order to convert the task of explaining a large assemblage of plant communities into a classification framework able to capture with high cross‐validated accuracy the pattern of species distributions under a composite set of biotic and abiotic factors. We applied our model to a large set of plant communities in the Swiss Alps. Our model explained presences and absences of 175 plant species in 608 plots with >87% cross‐validated accuracy, predicted decreases in α, β, and γ diversity by 2040 under both moderate and extreme climate scenarios, and identified likely advantaged and disadvantaged plant species under climate change. Multilabel variable selection revealed the overriding importance of topography, soils, and temperature extremes (rather than averages) in determining the distribution of plant species in the study area and their response to climate change. Our method addressed a number of challenging research problems, such as scaling to large numbers of species, considering species relationships and rarity, and addressing an overwhelming proportion of absences in presence–absence matrices. By handling hundreds to thousands of plants and plots simultaneously over large areas, our method can inform broad‐scale conservation of plant species under climate change because it allows species that require urgent conservation action (assisted migration, seed conservation, and ex situ conservation) to be detected and prioritized. Our method also increases the practicality of assisted colonization of plant species by helping to prevent ill‐advised introduction of plant species with limited future survival probability.
Predicting species and community responses to global change using structured expert judgement: An Australian mountain ecosystems case study
Authors: Camac James S. , Umbers Kate D. L. , Morgan John W. , Geange Sonya R. , Hanea Anca , Slatyer Rachel A. , McDougall Keith L. , Venn Susanna E. , Vesk Peter A. , Hoffmann Ary A. , Nicotra Adrienne B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractConservation managers are under increasing pressure to make decisions about the allocation of finite resources to protect biodiversity under a changing climate. However, the impacts of climate and global change drivers on species are outpacing our capacity to collect the empirical data necessary to inform these decisions. This is particularly the case in the Australian Alps which have already undergone recent changes in climate and experienced more frequent large‐scale bushfires. In lieu of empirical data, we use a structured expert elicitation method (the IDEA protocol) to estimate the change in abundance and distribution of nine vegetation groups and 89 Australian alpine and subalpine species by the year 2050. Experts predicted that most alpine vegetation communities would decline in extent by 2050; only woodlands and heathlands are predicted to increase in extent. Predicted species‐level responses for alpine plants and animals were highly variable and uncertain. In general, alpine plants spanned the range of possible responses, with some expected to increase, decrease or not change in cover. By contrast, almost all animal species are predicted to decline or not change in abundance or elevation range; more species with water‐centric life‐cycles are expected to decline in abundance than other species. While long‐term ecological data will always be the gold standard for informing the future of biodiversity, the method and outcomes outlined here provide a pragmatic and coherent basis upon which to start informing conservation policy and management in the face of rapid change and a paucity of data.
Inhibiting effect of heterogeneous cations aggregation enhanced by oxygen deficiency on glass formation of BaTi2O5 melts
Authors: Ge Xuan , Xu Jun , Hu Qiaodan , Qiu Ren , Lai Pingsheng , Han Yanfeng , Yang Fan , Zhou Yongquan , Qin Jingyu , Yu Pengfei , Lu Wenquan , Li Jianguo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough remarkable development of titanate‐based glasses has been achieved, challenge remains to elucidate the correlation between structure and glass‐forming properties in these systems due to their complex structure that is inconsistent with the classic Zachariasen's model. In this work, we aim to correlate the structural evolution of titanate melts to their glass‐forming ability (GFA). The prototypical material barium dititanate (BaTi2O5, BT2) melts with different GFA were rendered by controlled melting atmospheres, and the corresponding structural changes were determined using in situ high‐energy synchrotron X‐ray diffraction combined with empirical potential structure refinement and ab initio molecular dynamics. The results show that BT2 melt in reducing atmosphere shows poor GFA but that in oxidizing atmosphere presents good GFA. Structural analysis demonstrates the mean coordination number of [TiOm] polyhedra is analogous in the melt under two different atmospheres but an enhanced heterogeneous cations aggregation takes place in the melt under reducing atmosphere, which is closely related to oxygen‐deficiencies. Furthermore, we reveal that the enhanced heterogeneous cations aggregation promotes crystallization (and therefore hinders glass formation) through disordering the distribution of [TiOm] and [BaOn] polyhedra, changing the connectivity between these polyhedra, creating more crystal‐like Ti‐Ti clusters, and decreasing topological disorder of BT2 melt. Our work provides a new viewpoint to understand the GFA of titanates melt from structural heterogeneity beyond the previous perspectives that only focus on [TiOm] polyhedra.
The effectiveness of digital self‐management interventions on health outcomes among childhood cancer survivors: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hong Hye Chong , Min Ari , Kim Young Man 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsThe study aimed to review the evidence about existing digital interventions for childhood cancer survivors and examine their effectiveness on health outcomes.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.Data sourcesPUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycArticles, SCOPUS and PQDT Global databases were searched, and the date last searched was 16 September 2019.Review methodsThis systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines. Randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials, as well as before‐and‐after studies, were included. The main outcomes were health‐related quality of life and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity. Two authors independently reviewed included studies and assessed methodological quality. Meta‐analysis was conducted using statistical software STATA 16.0.ResultsOut of the eight eligible studies, four were included in the meta‐analysis. The digital self‐management interventions were not effective on health‐related quality of life and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity. Additionally, the digital self‐management interventions increased the moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity over time but was not statistically significant.ConclusionsThere is insufficient evidence on the effectiveness of digital self‐management interventions in improving health outcomes among childhood cancer survivors. Future randomized controlled trials should be conducted from multiple locations and should include objective measures and means to encourage interaction with health care providers.ImpactDigital interventions are increasingly implemented to improve health outcomes among childhood cancer survivors, but their results are inconsistent. Well‐designed digital interventions may be beneficial for this population over time. The recommendations proposed in the current review may be useful for developing digital interventions and designing related studies in the future, thereby reducing late effects and improving healthy behaviours among this population.
Trends in the prevalence of hypertension according to severity and phenotype in Chinese adults over two decades (1991‐2015)
Authors: Yi Qian , Zha Mingming , Yang Qingwen , Zhang Yan , Hou Leying , Ye Xinxin , Chen Ge , Shao Jing , Xia Wei , Song Peige 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUntil recently, few studies have reported the secular trend and associated factors of hypertension severities and phenotypes in China. In this study, the authors aimed to assess the trend in the prevalence of hypertension according to severity and phenotype in Chinese adults from 1991 to 2015 and to explore potential cardiometabolic factors. From the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), the authors included 164 682 records of adults (≥18 years). The prevalence of hypertension by severity (stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension) and by phenotype (isolated systolic hypertension [ISH], isolated diastolic hypertension [IDH], and systolic‐diastolic hypertension [SDH]), during 1991‐2015 was explored. The potential effects of demographic, socioeconomic, geographic, and cardiometabolic factors on hypertension severities and phenotypes were assessed by multivariable logistic regression. During 1991‐2015, the overall prevalence of hypertension increased dramatically from 15.7% to 23.3%. For stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension, the age‐standardized prevalence increased from 10.1% to 15.6% and from 5.5% to 7.4%, respectively. For ISH and SDH, the age‐standardized prevalence rates rose from 3.6% to 6.4% and from 6.9% to 10.4%, respectively. Advanced age and medium/high urbanization were positively associated factors, whereas females, higher educational attainments, and residing in Southern China were negatively associated factors. Additionally, general obesity, central obesity, diabetes, and elevated triglyceride levels were linked to ISH, IDH, and SDH. The present study documents an increasing trend in the prevalence of hypertension, including different severities and phenotypes, among Chinese adults over more than two decades. Efforts for the prevention and management of hypertension are in urgent need in China.
Identification of a prognostic metabolic gene signature in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Wang Huizhong , Shao Ruonan , Liu Wenjian , Tang Hailin , Lu Yue 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDiffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a clinically diverse disease. Given the numerous genetic mutations and variations associated with it, a prognostic gene signature that can be related to the overall survival (OS) is a clinical implication. We used the mRNA expression profiles and clinicopathological data of patients with DLBCL from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify a metabolism‐related gene signature. Using LASSO regression analysis, a novel 13‐metabolic gene signature was identified to evaluate prognosis. The information gathered was used to construct the nomogram model to improve risk stratification and quantify risk factors for individual patients. We performed gene set enrichment analysis to identify the enriched signalling axes to further understand the underlying biological pathways. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed a satisfactory performance in the training cohorts. The model also showed clinical benefit when compared to the standard prognostic factors (P < .05) in validation cohorts. This study aimed to combine metabolic dysregulation with clinical features of patients with DLBCL to generate a prognostic model that might not only indicate the value of the metabolic microenvironment for prognostic stratification but also improve the decision‐making during individual therapy.
Alopecia areata severity index (AASI): A reliable scoring system to assess the severity of alopecia areata on face and scalp—a pilot study
Authors: Majid Imran , Sameem Farah , Sultan Javeed , Aleem Samia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAll scoring systems used in Alopecia Areata (AA) focus mainly on scalp and cannot assess the severity or treatment response when AA involves the beard hair, eyebrows, or eyelashes.AimThis study describes and assesses the reliability of a new scoring system “Alopecia Areata Severity Index” (AASI) for measuring the severity of AA of scalp, beard, and upper face.MethodsScalp hair, beard hair, upper face (eyebrows and eyelashes) were individually assessed and the severity of AA was scored from 0 to 100 (0–50 in case of upper face). AASI score was then calculated as a sum of all these individual scores as AASI = AASI (scalp) + AASI (upper face) + AASI (beard)+. To test the inter‐observer reliability of AASI score, 25 patients with varying severity of AA were scored by 4 trained dermatologists. Repeat scoring was performed after one week to test for intra‐observer reliability.ResultsExcellent inter‐rater, as well as intra‐observer reliability, was observed with Chronbach's alpha value of 0.999 (CI = 0.989–1.000). The intra‐observer correlation coefficient with average measure was 0.999 (CI = 0.990–1.000) with statistically significant F test <0.005.ConclusionAASI score is a reliable scoring system to assess the severity of AA in patients with involvement of one or more areas of the body.LimitationsSample population belonged to single ethnic group.
Hero or villain? The financial system in the 21st century
Authors: Libich Jan , Lenten Liam 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe paper reviews the literature and data on the role of finance in socioeconomic development. The evidence suggests that a well‐developed financial system can certainly enhance people's prosperity, but an excessively large and poorly regulated financial system can do more harm than good. We start by making the important distinction between traditional finance (retail banking, insurance, etc.) and modern finance (financial “innovation” and asset trading). We then document that the financialization trend of the past four decades has largely transformed modern finance from “hero” into “villain.” We discuss the driving forces behind this, as well as some policy reform proposals that could in principle make modern finance a hero once again.
Sleep timing and consistency are associated with the standardised test performance of Icelandic adolescents
Authors: Stefansdottir Runa , Rognvaldsdottir Vaka , Chen Kong Y. , Johannsson Erlingur , Brychta Robert J. 
Published: June 2021

SummarySleep has been shown to affect cognitive function in laboratory studies; however, its association to the academic performance of adolescents has largely been demonstrated using self‐reported measures. Studies with objective measures of both sleep and academic performance are limited. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the free‐living sleep quantity, quality, and timing of 15‐year‐old adolescents measured with wrist actiography are associated with their scores on national standardised examinations as an objective measure of academic achievement. We measured sleep with wrist actiography for 1 week in 253 (150 girls) Icelandic adolescents with a mean (SD) age of 15.9 (0.3) years. Multiple linear regression was used to assess associations between sleep parameters and combined standardised examination scores in mathematics, English, and Icelandic obtained from the Icelandic Directorate of Education. We found that students went to bed at 00:49 hours (± 51.8 min) and slept for a mean (SD) of 6.6 (0.7) hr/night, with a median (interquartile range) night‐to‐night variation in sleep duration of 1.2 (0.7) hr and an efficiency of 88.1 (5.3)%. Combined analyses adjusted for sex, demonstrated that both bedtime and night‐to‐night variability in total sleep time were negatively associated with the average score across all topics. Sex‐specific associations did not indicate clear differences between boys and girls. These findings suggest that, in addition to appropriate sleep duration, public health guidance should also highlight the importance of early and consistent sleep schedules to academic achievement for both boys and girls.
Duality for optimal consumption with randomly terminating income
Authors: Davey Ashley , Monoyios Michael , Zheng Harry 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe establish a rigorous duality theory, under No Unbounded Profit with Bounded Risk, for an infinite horizon problem of optimal consumption in the presence of an income stream that can terminate randomly at an exponentially distributed time, independent of the asset prices. We thus close a duality gap encountered in the Davis‐Vellekoop example in a version of this problem in a Black‐Scholes market. Many of the classical tenets of duality theory hold, with the notable exception that marginal utility at zero initial wealth is finite. We use as dual variables a class of supermartingale deflators such that deflated wealth plus cumulative deflated consumption in excess of income is a supermartingale. We show that the space of discounted local martingale deflators is dense in our dual domain, so that the dual problem can also be expressed as an infimum over the discounted local martingale deflators. We characterize the optimal wealth process, showing that optimal deflated wealth is a potential decaying to zero, while deflated wealth plus cumulative deflated consumption over income is a uniformly integrable martingale at the optimum. We apply the analysis to the Davis‐Vellekoop example and give a numerical solution.
Fragmentation and logical omniscience
Authors: Elga Adam , Rayo Agustín 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIt would be good to have a Bayesian decision theory that assesses our decisions and thinking according to everyday standards of rationality—standards that do not require logical omniscience (Garber, 1983; Hacking, 1967). To that end we develop a “fragmented” decision theory in which a single state of mind is represented by a family of credence functions, each associated with a distinct choice condition (Lewis, 1982; Stalnaker, 1984). The theory imposes a local coherence assumption guaranteeing that as an agent's attention shifts, successive batches of “obvious” logical information become available to her. A rule of expected utility maximization can then be applied to the decision of what to attend to next during a train of thought. On the resulting theory, rationality requires ordinary agents to be logically competent and to often engage in trains of thought that increase the unification of their states of mind. But rationality does not require ordinary agents to be logically omniscient.