bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real world effectiveness and tolerability of candesartan in the treatment of migraine: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sánchez-Rodríguez Carmen , Sierra Álvaro , Planchuelo-Gómez Álvaro , Martínez-Pías Enrique , Guerrero Ángel L. , García-Azorín David 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo date, two randomized, controlled studies support the use of candesartan for migraine prophylaxis but with limited external validity. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of candesartan in clinical practice and to explore predictors of patient response. Retrospective cohort study including all patients with migraine who received candesartan between April 2008-February 2019. The primary endpoint was the number of monthly headache days during weeks 8–12 of treatment compared to baseline. Additionally, we evaluated the frequency during weeks 20–24. We analysed the percentage of patients with 50% and 75% response rates and the retention rates after three and 6 months of treatment. 120/4121 patients were eligible, aged 45.9 [11.5]; 100 (83.3%) female. Eighty-four patients (70%) had chronic migraine and 53 (42.7%) had medication-overuse headache. The median number of prior prophylactics was 3 (Inter-quartile range 2–5). At baseline, patients had 20.5 ± 8.5 headache days per month, decreasing 4.3 ± 8.4 days by 3 months (weeks 12–16) and by 4.7 ± 8.7 days by 6 months (paired Student’s t-test,p < 0.001). The percentage of patients with a 50% response was 32.5% at 3 months and 31.7% at 6 months, while the retention rate was 85.0% and 58.3%. The number of prior treatments (Odds ratio 0.79, 95% CI 0.64–0.97) and the presence of daily headache (Odds ratio 0.39, 95% CI 0.16–0.97) were associated with a lower probability of response. Candesartan showed beneficial effects in the preventive treatment of migraine in clinical practice, including patients with chronic migraine, medication-overuse headache and resistance to prior prophylactics.
Macrophage-derived EDA-A2 inhibits intestinal stem cells by targeting miR-494/EDA2R/β-catenin signaling in mice
Authors: Song Lele , Chang Renxu , Sun Xia , Lu Liying , Gao Han , Lu Huiying , Lin Ritian , Xu Xiaorong , Liu Zhanju , Zhan Lixing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe mucosa microenvironment is critical for intestinal stem cell self-renewal and reconstruction of the epithelial barrier in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), where the mechanisms underlying cross-talk between intestinal crypts and the microenvironment remain unclear. Here, we firstly identified miR-494-3p as an important protector in colitis. miR-494-3p levels were decreased and negatively correlated with the severity in human IBD samples, as well as in colitis mice. In colitis crypts, a notable cytokine–cytokine receptor, miR-494-3p-targeted EDA2R and the ligand EDA-A2, suppressed colonic stemness and epithelial repair by inhibiting β-catenin/c-Myc. In differentiated IECs, miR-494-3p inhibits macrophage recruitment, M1 activation and EDA-A2 secretion by targeting IKKβ/NF-κB in colitis. A miR-494-3p agomir system notably ameliorated the severity of colonic colitis in vivo. Collectively, our findings uncover a miR-494-3p-mediated cross-talk mechanism by which macrophage-induced intestinal stem cell impairment aggravates intestinal inflammation.
Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 mutations in the United States suggests presence of four substrains and novel variants
Authors: Wang Rui , Chen Jiahui , Gao Kaifu , Hozumi Yuta , Yin Changchuan , Wei Guo-Wei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 has been mutating since it was first sequenced in early January 2020. Here, we analyze 45,494 complete SARS-CoV-2 geneome sequences in the world to understand their mutations. Among them, 12,754 sequences are from the United States. Our analysis suggests the presence of four substrains and eleven top mutations in the United States. These eleven top mutations belong to 3 disconnected groups. The first and second groups consisting of 5 and 8 concurrent mutations are prevailing, while the other group with three concurrent mutations gradually fades out. Moreover, we reveal that female immune systems are more active than those of males in responding to SARS-CoV-2 infections. One of the top mutations, 27964C > T-(S24L) on ORF8, has an unusually strong gender dependence. Based on the analysis of all mutations on the spike protein, we uncover that two of four SARS-CoV-2 substrains in the United States become potentially more infectious.
Hand-portable HPLC with broadband spectral detection enables analysis of complex polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures
Authors: Chatzimichail Stelios , Rahimi Faraz , Saifuddin Aliyah , Surman Andrew J. , Taylor-Robinson Simon D. , Salehi-Reyhani Ali 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered priority hazardous substances due to their carcinogenic activity and risk to public health. Strict regulations are in place limiting their release into the environment, but enforcement is hampered by a lack of adequate field-testing procedure, instead relying on sending samples to centralised analytical facilities. Reliably monitoring levels of PAHs in the field is a challenge, owing to the lack of field-deployable analytical methods able to separate, identify, and quantify the complex mixtures in which PAHs are typically observed. Here, we report the development of a hand-portable system based on high-performance liquid chromatography incorporating a spectrally wide absorption detector, capable of fingerprinting PAHs based on their characteristic spectral absorption profiles: identifying 100% of the 24 PAHs tested, including full coverage of the United States Environmental Protection Agency priority pollutant list. We report unsupervised methods to exploit these new capabilities for feature detection and identification, robust enough to detect and classify co-eluting and hidden peaks. Identification is fully independent of their characteristic retention times, mitigating matrix effects which can preclude reliable determination of these analytes in challenging samples. We anticipate the platform to enable more sophisticated analytical measurements, supporting real-time decision making in the field.
Quantum magnetic monopole condensate
Authors: Diamantini M. C. , Trugenberger C. A. , Vinokur V. M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDespite decades-long efforts, magnetic monopoles were never found as elementary particles. Monopoles and associated currents were directly measured in experiments and identified as topological quasiparticle excitations in emergent condensed matter systems. These monopoles and the related electric-magnetic symmetry were restricted to classical electrodynamics, with monopoles behaving as classical particles. Here we show that the electric-magnetic symmetry is most fundamental and extends to full quantum behavior. We demonstrate that at low temperatures magnetic monopoles can form a quantum Bose condensate dual to the charge Cooper pair condensate in superconductors. The monopole Bose condensate manifests as a superinsulating state with infinite resistance, dual to superconductivity. The monopole supercurrents result in the electric analog of the Meissner effect and lead to linear confinement of the Cooper pairs by Polyakov electric strings in analogy to quarks in hadrons.
An axial passive magnetic bearing using three PM rings
Authors: Marignetti Fabrizio , AlizadehTir Milad , Mirimani Seyyed Mehdi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe results of numerical and experimental analysis of passive magnetic bearings are presented. The proposed structure is composed of three radially stacked ring‐shaped permanent magnets. The improvements of stiffness and load capacity are proven in comparison to the classical passive magnetic bearing composed of two rings. A preliminary sensitivity analysis is carried out by means of the 2‐dimensional finite element method (FEM) modelling, which is used to provide the initial points for the stochastic optimisation and also to define the best fitness and penalty functions. Finally, the 2‐dimensional FEM is used to compare the force density and the cost of the proposed structure to those of the classical passive magnetic bearing composed of two rings. The optimised structure was manufactured and validated by experimental measurements. The proposed passive magnetic bearing exerts greater axial force and stiffness than similar structures.
Inter‐circuit fault location algorithm in generalized unified power flow controller‐compensated double‐circuit transmission lines based on synchronous current and voltage phasors of line terminals
Authors: Abasi Mahyar , Joorabian Mahmood , Saffarian Alireza , Seifossadat Seyed Ghodratollah 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAn accurate inter‐circuit fault location algorithm for double‐circuit transmission lines compensated by a generalized unified power flow controller based on phasor analysis is presented. The proposed algorithm utilizes synchronous currents and voltages of the buses on both sides of the line to accurately calculate the fault location. Using the equations of sequence component circuits, the algorithm calculates voltage and current of the fault point on both circuits. Then, using boundary conditions equations for 98 types of inter‐circuit fault on the double‐circuit transmission lines, the accurate location of the fault is obtained. The number of boundary conditions equations varies depending on the type of faulty phases of the two circuits and the number of unknowns in the current and voltage equations of the fault point. The calculation of these boundary equations are also described. The results presented in the simulation section verify the validity and accurate performance of the proposed algorithm under different fault conditions.
Impact of inverter digital time delay on the harmonic characteristics of grid‐connected large‐scale photovoltaic system
Authors: Liu Jinhong , Molinas Marta 
Published: February 2021

The digitally controlled inverter is widely applied to the photovoltaic (PV) plant, however, the effects of inverter digital time delay on the harmonic characteristic of PV system which directly influences the power quality and even the stability of the system, have not been investigated yet. This study investigates the harmonic characteristic of a grid‐connected large‐scale PV system based on the equivalent Norton model of the system with considering the digital time delay of the inverter. According to the system equivalent model, the series harmonic resonance circuit and the parallel harmonic resonance circuit are divided to study the impacts of digital time delay in the cases of the inverter output harmonic exist and the grid voltage harmonic exit, respectively. Then, the harmonic resonance mechanism of a grid‐connected large‐scale PV system is studied and the effects of digital time delay on the harmonic characteristic of system output current is quantitatively analysed by defining the harmonic magnification coefficient. It turns out that frequency and magnitude of harmonic magnification points in the grid‐side current of the system are increased as the digital time delay increases. Reference to the actual 20 MWp grid‐connected PV system, a simulation model is built to verify the theoretical analysis results.
Dielectric performance of magnetic nanoparticles‐based ester oil
Authors: Khan Qasim , Singh Vineet , Ahmad Furkan , Khan Asfar Ali 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNanotechnology has been applied in the electrical industry for the enhancement of insulation properties. The compactness of the electrical machines has resulted in the requirement and creation of next‐generation insulating fluid with inflated dielectric properties. In this study, the magnetic nanoparticles are used in different concentrations to form stable nanofluids comprising ester‐based oils and two different electrode structures. The host fluids are synthetic ester oil and rapeseed oil, and magnetic nanoparticles used are iron (II, III) oxide, cobalt (II, III) oxide, and iron phosphide. Furthermore, the breakdown tests are analysed using Weibull statistical distribution.
Deep learning–based surface contamination severity prediction of metal oxide surge arrester in power system
Authors: Das Arup Kumar , Dalai Sovan , Chatterjee Biswendu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper presents an advanced technique based on cross‐Stockwell transform (XST) and sparse autoencoder to predict the surface contamination severity of metal oxide surge arrester (MOSA) employing leakage current signal. Generally, MOSAs in power system network are exposed to different environmental conditions where its condition may degrade due to accumulation of pollutants, which may cause premature failure of it. Hence, system reliability can get affected. Therefore, monitoring the surface condition of MOSA is very important. In this proposed technique, MOSA leakage current signals of different surface contamination severity have been cross‐correlated with leakage current recorded at the clean surface in joint time‐frequency plane through XST, which is an extended version of ST. Thereafter, sparse autoencoder, a deep learning framework, has been applied to extract potential deep feature from leakage current‐converted XST matrices. The extracted deep features have been classified through different classifiers. It has been observed that the proposed technique yields satisfactory accuracy regarding the estimation of surface contamination severity of MOSA. Therefore, the proposed method can be implemented to monitor the surface condition of MOSA, and it may be applied for topologically similar problems.
Investigating the impact of missing data imputation techniques on battery energy management system
Authors: Pazhoohesh Mehdi , Allahham Adib , Das Ronnie , Walker Sara 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEffective control of energy storage system (ESS), supplying an ancillary service to a grid, requires effective and critical calculation of state‐of‐charge (SoC). Charging and discharging values from battery operations are essential in calculating the efficiency and performance of a storage system. This information can also be a key to understand and forecast peak demand performance. Missing data is a real problem in any operations system, and it appears to be more common within powers systems due to sensor and/or network malfunctioning problems. Missing data imputation techniques have evolved in power systems research using smart meter data, but little research has gone into understanding how missing data can be best handled within storage management systems. This paper builds on a year's worth of charging and discharging data collected from a real 6MW/10MWh lithium‐ion storage battery deployed on the distribution network at Leighton Buzzard, UK. Using R Studio version (1.3.959‐1) open‐source software, eight selected imputation techniques were applied in identifying the best suited technique in replacing various missing data amounts and patterns. Findings from the study open up avenues for discussion and debate in identifying an appropriate imputation technique within the storage management context. The study also provides a pioneering lead in understanding the importance of decomposition in evaluating the right imputation technique.
Ausbildung zum Wirbelsäulenchirurgen: Ausbildungskonzepte der EANS
Authors: Thomé Claudius 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Wirbelsäulenchirurgie macht etwa 50 % der neurochirurgischen Eingriffe aus und nimmt dementsprechend eine große Rolle in der neurochirurgischen Ausbildung innerhalb Europas ein, wobei nach wie vor jedoch ausgeprägte regionale Unterschiede vorhanden sind. Im Durchschnitt führen neurochirurgische AssistentInnen 700 Wirbelsäuleneingriffe eigenständig, supervidiert oder assistiert während ihrer Facharztausbildung durch und knapp die Hälfte der NeurochirurgInnen streben eine Subspezialisierung in spinaler Chirurgie an.Im Zentrum des Ausbildungskonzeptes der EANS steht der Trainingskurs, der aus vier Modulen in einem 4-Jahreszyklus besteht. Das spinale Modul weist identische Inhalte zu den Basiskursen von DWG und Eurospine auf und ist als äquivalent zum Basiszertifikat akzeptiert. In Kombination mit rein praktischen Basiskursen kann ein EANS Specialist of Neurosurgery Diploma erworben werden. Eine weitere Subspezialisierung in Wirbelsäulenchirurgie kann über Advanced und Subspecialty Courses erzielt werden, wobei letztere zusammen mit Eurospine veranstaltet werden. Ergänzt wird das Ausbildungskonzept der EANS durch derzeit in Überarbeitung befindliche E-Learning-Inhalte. Finanziell unterstützte EANS-Observerships sind aktuell zahlenmäßig begrenzt. Hier wäre eine Erweiterung oder idealerweise die Etablierung von europaweiten Fellowship-Programmen anzustreben.
A Review of Heterolytic Synthesis Methodologies for Organotri- and Organotetrasulfane Synthesis
Authors: Hunter Roger , Ali Doaa , Amer Yasien , Petersen Wade F. , Kaschula Catherine H. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIt has been ten years since the last comprehensive review on polysulfanes, and during the intervening period, organodi-, organotri- and organotetrasulfanes have featured prominently in both the chemistry and biology literature. This timely update presents both a mechanistic and historical account of synthesis methodology available for organotri- and organotetrasulfanes involving heterolytic S–S bond formation.
Distally Based Pedicled Fibula Flap for Reconstruction of Infected Charcot’s Midtarsal Collapse—Diabetic Rocker Bottom Foot
Authors: Balakrishnan T. M. , Pakkiri Sathya , Nagalingam Arounkumar , Selvaraj R. , Jaganmohan J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroduction and Methods Diabetic rocker bottom foot with secondary infection exacts the expertise of a reconstructive surgeon to salvage the foot. The author selected 28 diabetic patients with secondarily infected Charcot’s degenerated rocker bottom feet and reconstructed their feet using distally based pedicled fibula flap. Reconstruction was done in a staged manner. Stage 1 surgery involved external fixation following debridement. In stage 2, struts were activated for distraction and arthroereisis. In stage 3, the distally based pedicled fibula was used for reconstruction and beaming of the arches.Results In this retrospective study, the author analyzed the outcome of all 28 patients using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Rating (MSTSR) score. The average MSTSR score was 27.536 in an average follow-up of 30.5 months. The limb salvage rate with the author’s procedure was 96.4% (p = 0.045).Conclusion Author’s protocol for the staged reconstruction and salvage of the infected diabetic rocker bottom foot, using the pedicled fibula flap, will be a new addendum in the reconstructive armamentarium of the orthoplastic approach.
Using Telepractice to Deliver Pediatric Voice Care in a Changing World: Breaking down Challenges and Learning from Successes
Authors: Kelchner Lisa N. , Fredeking John C. , Zacharias Stephanie Cotton 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFor children with voice disorders, access to care has long been a challenge. Reasons for this include the challenge of qualifying children with isolated voice disorders for services within the public-school system as well as a family's geographic proximity to experienced clinicians who are in the healthcare system. Over the past decade, there have been both formal and informal investigations into the use of telepractice to deliver services to communicatively disordered children and adults, including those with voice disorders. Although barriers and obstacles existed, use of telepractice to deliver such services demonstrated both feasibility and, in some studies, effective outcomes. However, prior to spring of 2020, use of telepractice to deliver speech pathology services was not mainstream. This changed when the nation was forced to shut down many of its in-person healthcare and educational delivery due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This article summarizes select relevant literature pertaining to the use of telepractice in speech language pathology over the past decade and provides a case-based discussion of how it was and is currently being used to deliver pediatric voice care.
In the Zoom Where It Happened: Telepractice and the Voice Clinic in 2020
Authors: Becker Diana Rose , Gillespie Amanda I. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTelemedicine—conveying medical information virtually for planning, diagnosis, or treatment—has been a part of the American medical system for over 100 years. A constantly evolving modality, telepractice was a supplemental care delivery system for most speech-language pathologists (SLPs) until March 2020 when the COVID-19 pandemic forced clinical operations to halt in-person activities and convert as much as possible to virtual platforms. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the need for telepractice prior to and beyond the current pandemic, the efficacy of telepractice for the voice-specialized SLP, limitations of telepractice, and best practices for providing care over telepractice with a specific focus on voice disorder diagnosis and treatment.
Distally Based Perforator-Plus Sural Neurocutaneous Flap with High or Low Pivot Point: Anatomical Considerations and a Retrospective Study of a Clinical Series of 378 Flaps
Authors: Zhou Ling-Li , Wei Jian-Wei , Peng Ping , Liu Li-Hong , Yin Chao-Dong , Luo Zhao-Biao , Tao Shi-Bin , Dong Zhong-Gen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background This study is to describe the distribution of natural true anastomoses associated with the distally based perforator-plus sural neurocutaneous flap (sural flap), summarize our experience in the flap with high pivot point, and compare the outcomes between the flaps with high and low pivot points.
Methods Five amputated lower limbs were perfused, and the integuments were radiographed. We retrospectively analyzed 378 flaps, which were divided into two groups: pivot points located ≤8.0 cm (low pivot point group) and >8.0 cm (high pivot point group) proximal to the tip of the lateral malleolus. Partial necrosis rates were compared between two groups.
Results The arterial chain surrounding the sural nerve was linked by true anastomoses from the intermalleolar line to popliteal crease. True anastomoses existed among peroneal perforators and between these perforators and the arterial chain. There were 93 flaps with high pivot point and 285 flaps with low pivot point. Partial necrosis rates were 16 and 9.1% in the high and low pivot point group (p = 0.059), respectively.
Conclusion True anastomosis connections among peroneal perforators and the whole arterial chain around sural nerve enable the sural flap to survive with a greater length. The sural flap with high pivot point is a good option for reconstructing soft-tissue defects in the middle and distal leg, ankle, and foot, particularly when the lowest peroneal perforator presents damage, greater distance to the defects, discontinuity with the donor site, or anatomical variation.