bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of NGOs in women empowerment: case studies from Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Gupta Minisha 
Published: January 2021

PurposeWomen empowerment is essential for the growth and development of the nation. This study aims to identify the role of non-government organisations (NGOs) in promoting women empowerment through immediate livelihood facilities. Women are creative enough to start their own venture, but they are not able to explore the available opportunities because of male dominance, lack of education and proper government support. Thus, NGOs play a major role in training and empowering women to attain immediate livelihood.Design/methodology/approachThe role of NGOs in empowering women has been explored using the case study method. A total of five case studies of women who attained training and started their own venture have been developed using in-depth interviews.FindingsWomen empowerment occurs through venture creation and entrepreneurship, which can be attained with proper training and information. Motivation and effective leadership help women in gaining confidence, and they aim to achieve their goals. Proper information about government policies, networking with customers, relationship with self-help groups (SHGs) and NGOs also help them in attaining empowerment.Practical implicationsThis study indicates to the government and researchers that, instead of initiating new policies, it is important to focus on the existing policies and improve them. NGOs or SHGs must focus on providing immediate livelihood through venture creation or entrepreneurial activities.Social implicationsWomen need to be more socialised and develop a habit of partnership with their friends and neighbours to extend their ventures (Dixitet al., 2020). To meet the demand of sustainable and green environment, women must be trained about green manufacturing and to prepare products which are environmentally friendly and sustainable (Agarwalet al., 2020). Instead of initiating new policies, government must review their existing policies and provide equal opportunities to increase female workforce.Originality/valueThis study focusses on the role of NGOs in empowering women by focussing on their immediate livelihood through venture creation or entrepreneurship.
Gender paths in international careers: an approach centred on demands and resources
Authors: Dolce Valentina , Molino Monica , Wodociag Sophie , Ghislieri Chiara 
Published: January 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the interplay between international experiences and male and female top managers' career paths, taking into consideration gender differences. Furthermore, the research investigates the specific job and personal demands and resources related to the different types of international work experiences.Design/methodology/approachThis study provides an in-depth subjective reconstruction of the international professional experience of 37 male and female top managers employed in Italy, using semi-structured interviews.FindingsParticipants highlighted the benefits of their international assignments (IAs) in terms of the development of managerial, soft and cross-cultural skills. Family issues and cultural differences were frequently cited as challenges by the top managers interviewed. Culture shock and perceived difficulty in managing multicultural teams were reported by both women and men. Men reported experiencing long periods of separation from their family more often than women and cited the support of their partner as a valuable resource. In addition to the support of a partner, women also indicated that certain job resources and welfare policies played a crucial role. Moreover, women appear to be more interested in work-family management issues, thus suggesting that the traditional division of roles between men and women continues to persist in Italy.Originality/valueThis study provides an insight into the extrinsic factors linked to career success, as well as the challenges and the resources associated with different forms of global work other than traditional expatriation. It takes into consideration a specific country, Italy, where a traditional family paradigm persists, providing an insight into better understanding the link between IA experiences and gender roles in global mobility. Managerial implications are also discussed.
A taxonomy of sustainability topics: a guide to set the corporate sustainability content on the web
Authors: Confetto Maria Giovanna , Covucci Claudia 
Published: January 2021

PurposeThe objective of this paper is to propose a taxonomy of sustainability communication (SC) topics that provide digital content managers with a guide for setting a sustainability content agenda and for fostering stakeholder engagement mechanisms on environmental, social and economic issues that increasingly characterize conversations on social media of all stakeholder groups.Design/methodology/approachTaxonomy is a conceptual and qualitative way used to classify and represent the corporate sustainability (CS) domain of knowledge. The taxonomy categories of SC topics are both theoretically and empirically derived, combining an in-depth literature review with a thematic content analysis of 300 web pages of the corporate websites of the top ten sustainable brands selected in “The 2019 GlobeScan-SustainAbility Leaders Survey.”FindingsThe analysis of the results led to the construction of a hierarchical dictionary of tags that categorizes all sustainability topics based on a new, four-dimensional conceptual structure: planet, people, profit and governance. Each dimension is organized in four groups of sustainability themes, which, in turn, group multiple topics, considered the smallest communication unit to develop the SC content.Practical implicationsThe taxonomy provides a concise and immediate conceptual framework on all those topics of broader interest, which, suitably modulated, can act as touch points with several groups of stakeholders. Drawn upon the best practices of thematic organization of SCs via the web, the taxonomy represents a guide for programming an editorial plan based on environmental, social, economic and governance issues from a sustainability content marketing perspective. The taxonomy of sustainability topics also finds application as a framework for a content intelligent system, providing a dictionary of tags that can be used for the indexing and retrieval of SC web content.Originality/valueThe study represents the first attempt at reaching a taxonomic organization of the sustainability aspects from a communicational perspective, supporting a new way of thinking and managing SC in the digital realm. Moreover, the results highlight, for the first time, that the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) theory, applied to corporate communications, lacks the governance aspect, which is essential to pursue sustainability consistently and effectively.
Recent reductions in the size of facial pigmented basal cell carcinoma at diagnosis and the surgical margin: A retrospective and comparative study
Authors: Mae Kenichiro , Tsuboi Ryoji , Irisawa Ryokichi , Sato Toshitsugu , Fukushima Noritoshi , Harada Kazutoshi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe present, retrospective, single‐center study analyzed various factors associated with primary basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in the period before and after the introduction of dermoscopy (BD and AD, respectively). The demographic data of patients with primary BCC between 2001 and 2005 (BD: 84 patients, 90 cases) and 2011 and 2018 (AD: 297 patients, 320 cases) were analyzed. In the pigmented BCC‐predominant cohort (94%), the proportion of smaller tumors as well as the total number of tumors significantly increased during AD (median tumor size, 10.0 mm in BD, 8.0 mm in AD; Mann–Whitney U‐test, p = 0.011). BCC were excised with a significantly narrower margin during AD (median, 2.0 mm) than during BD (median, 3.0 mm; Mann–Whitney U‐test, p < 0.001; odds ratio, 0.30; multivariate logistic regression analysis, p < 0.001); the incomplete excision rate was 1.9%, and the recurrence rate was 0%. The present study suggests that the introduction of dermoscopy might have aided in the early diagnosis of smaller BCC, especially in the face region, and determining the appropriate surgical margin. The smaller pigmented BCC can be excised with a narrower margin than stated in the guidelines (4 mm).
How disasters drive media channel preferences: Tracing news consumption before, during, and after Hurricane Harvey
Authors: Petrun Sayers Elizabeth L. , Parker Andrew M. , Seelam Rachana , Finucane Melissa L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUnderstanding public media channel preferences can inform preparedness plans, response strategies and long‐term recovery. However, questions remain about how media consumption changes across pre‐crisis, crisis, and post‐crisis phases. Past theories argue that media use may change for several reasons, including during times of societal conflict and challenge. These theories point to the belief that, during a crisis, we expect media channel use to change because media preferences during a crisis will be fundamentally different compared with everyday routines.This paper takes advantage of a survey fielded to Texas residents soon after Hurricane Harvey. Here, we ask the following: (a) “what media channels are most prominent in each crisis phase?” and (b) “do media channel preferences change across crisis phases?”. We use simple descriptive statistics and chi‐square tests to describe media channel preferences across the three crisis phases by demographics. Additionally, we use alluvial diagrams to visualize media channel preferences over time. In total, 62% (n = 174) of respondents reported no changes in channel preferences. However, chi‐square tests identified significant differences in media use changes related to a handful of demographic characteristics. These findings are explored alongside theories that would hypothesize likely media use changes across pre‐crisis, crisis and post‐crisis phases.
Management of multiple trichoepithelioma: A review of pharmacological therapies
Authors: Lobo Yolanka , Blake Tristan , Wheller Laura 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTrichoepithelioma is a rare benign adnexal neoplasm that can occur in various forms including solitary, multiple, familial or nonfamilial. Multiple facial trichoepithelioma can be associated with significant psychosocial burden. Conventional treatment modalities such as surgical excision and ablative laser have variable results and can be associated with unacceptable complications and tumour regrowth. Pharmacological interventions such as topical and systemic agents are potentially effective but clinical data are limited and treatments are poorly standardised. We review the available evidence to determine the role of pharmacological therapies in the management of multiple trichoepithelioma. Demographic and clinical data were retrospectively collected from the available English literature. Majority of cases treated with pharmacological therapies (93.75%) had a positive treatment outcome, achieving partial lesion response. Adverse effects associated with pharmacological therapies were generally well tolerated and did not interrupt treatment. There are limitations as to how our results can be interpreted owing to the paucity of good quality evidence, spectrum of disease severity, and diversity of study designs utilised in the included articles. Nonetheless, the results of our study indicate that while most pharmacological interventions for multiple trichoepithelioma produce a partial response, they can be employed as effective suppressive therapies, either alone or in conjunction with conventional treatments. The current evidence for pharmacological therapies remains largely anecdotal justifying the need for further clinical studies in this area.
How the Human Mind Grounds Numerical Quantities on Space
Authors: de Hevia Maria Dolores 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe propensity to use a spatial framework to organize other pieces of information is a widespread phenomenon that permeates humans’ representation of diverse concepts, including numerical quantities. Developmental studies on numerical cognition have revealed that humans possess a system for abstract quantity representation that is functional at birth and connects to a spatial representation system. Human infants, children, and adults link increases and decreases in numerical quantity to corresponding increases and decreases of spatial extent, as well as to lateralized right/left spatial positions, respectively. In this article, I discuss the origins of number‐space mappings, their presence throughout development, and their functional properties. I also argue that number‐space mappings reflect inborn biases, possibly shared across other species, that support both efficient magnitude processing and serial learning.
Mental health presentations to the paediatric emergency department: A retrospective study
Authors: Say Daniela F , Carison Anna , Hill Ashley , Hiscock Harriet , Babl Franz E , O'Donnell Sinead M 
Published: January 2021

AimTo describe a cohort of patients aged 7–17 years presenting with mental health (MH) problems to an Australian tertiary paediatric emergency department (ED), in order to identify: (i) predictors of admission; and (ii) prolonged length of stay (LOS); (iii) reasons for ED presentation based on diagnosis and (iv) differences between major diagnostic groups.MethodsData for all presentations from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018 were extracted and analysed from the hospital's electronic medical record system. MH presentations were identified though rule‐based coding and manual file review.ResultsIn this 12‐month period, 1071 children had 1690 emergency MH presentations constituting 6.7% of all ED presentations for children aged 7–17 years. Collectively, the leading cause for presentations was suicidal ideation, self‐harm or drug overdose (55%). Compared to discharged patients, admitted patients were more likely to be female (odds ratio (OR) 1.82, confidence interval (CI) 1.41–2.35), aged over 14–years (OR 2.50, CI 1.98–3.15), triaged with high acuity (OR 2.70, CI 2.00–3.65) and arrive by ambulance or police (OR 1.31, CI 1.04–1.64). The highest risk diagnosis associated with admission was eating disorders (OR 9.19, CI 5.48–15.40). Patients with a prolonged LOS (>8 h) were more likely to need admission (OR 5.38, CI 3.81–7.61) and be diagnosed with drug overdose (OR 2.39, CI 1.51–3.80) or acute behavioural disturbance (OR 1.61, CI 1.09–2.39).ConclusionMental health presentations constitute a large proportion of ED presentations. Suicidal behaviour and self‐harm account for half of them. We have identified patients at increased risk of admission and prolonged ED LOS.
Political Congregations, Race, and Environmental Policy Attitudes
Authors: Brown R. Khari , Eschler Edwin , Brown Ronald E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUsing data from eight surveys collected between 1996 and 2016, this study examines race differences in the association between hearing sermons about environmental and other social‐political issues and support for policies aimed at protecting the environment. While accounting for religious faith, political partisanship, and social‐demographic characteristics, we find that Blacks and Hispanics are more likely to hear sermons about environmental and other social‐political issues. However, hearing such messages more strongly associates with Whites supporting environmental conservation policies than it does for Blacks and Hispanics.
Use of donor human milk in nonhospitalized infants: An infant growth study
Authors: Bramer Solange , Boyle Robert , Weaver Gillian , Shenker Natalie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhen mother's own milk (MOM) is unavailable or insufficient, donor human milk (DHM) is recommended as the next best alternative for low birthweight infants. DHM use for healthy, term infants is increasing, but evidence for growth and tolerability is limited. This retrospective study evaluated growth in term infants in the community who received DHM from a UK milk bank. Mothers of infants receiving DHM between 2017 and 2019 were contacted (n = 49), and 31 (63.2%) agreed to participate. Fourteen infants received DHM as a supplement to other feeds (MOM and/or infant formula) and 17 were exclusively fed DHM where breastfeeding was impossible (range: 3–6 weeks). Growth was assessed by deriving z‐scores using the WHO standard for infant growth and compared with 200 exclusively breastfed infants. Multivariate regression analysis revealed no feeding method‐specific association between z‐score and age, nor between weight and age, suggesting that z‐scores and growth velocity were not affected by feeding exclusive MOM, supplemental DHM or exclusive DHM. DHM was well‐tolerated with no adverse events that led to early cessation. After receiving supplemental DHM group, 63% of infants whose mothers had no physical barrier to breastfeeding (5/8 infants) were exclusively breastfed. This novel study reports adequate growth outcomes of healthy nonhospitalized infants receiving DHM, either as the sole milk source or supplement. Prospective studies are needed to confirm whether DHM is a suitable feeding alternative for term infants in the community, optimal durations, as well as the impact of DHM availability on breastfeeding rates and maternal mental health.
Caretakers' perceptions and willingness‐to‐pay for complementary food in urban and rural Cambodia
Authors: Nurhasan Mulia , Prima Rizal Adi , Olsen Søren Bøye , Wieringa Frank T. , Dijkhuizen Marjoleine A. , Chamnan Chhoun , Roos Nanna 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInadequate child nutrition during the first ‘1000 days’ is widespread in Cambodia, resulting in a high prevalence of child malnutrition. Access to processed complementary food in packages (PCFP) may support caretakers in improving diet of young children. This study aimed to evaluate the caretakers' preferences and willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) for PCFP in Cambodia. The study was conducted in urban and rural settings, involving 520 caretakers with children aged 7–24 months in Phnom Penh (urban) and Prey Veng (rural). Four PCFPs were included: a commercial brand, a social‐commercial brand, a worldwide distributed fortified complementary food aid product (CSB++) and an experimental fortified rice‐and‐fish‐based PCFP developed in Cambodia (WF‐L). Sensory analysis was conducted for all products, stated WTP was assessed for three products (excluding CSB++) and actual WTP experiment was conducted on WF‐L only. Our results show that overall, WF‐L was preferred by the rural participants over food aid CSB++. Further improvements in the organoleptic qualities of WF‐L should focus on consistency and taste. The participants were, on average, willing to pay 1,667 Cambodian riel (KHR, $0.4) and 1,192 KHR ($0.3) in urban and rural settings, respectively, for 35 g of WF‐L. We also found that despite being nutritionally inadequate, most participants considered homemade porridge to be healthier, more practical and preferred by the children. Therefore improving the quality of homemade foods merits urgent consideration. When applying PCFP in nutrition programmes as a supplementary option to homemade complementary foods, locally produced products could be a more viable supplementary option than global food aid.
Time to focus on circulating nucleic acids for diagnosis and monitoring of gliomas: A systematic review of their role as biomarkers
Authors: Díaz Méndez Ana Belén , Tremante Elisa , Regazzo Giulia , Brandner Sebastian , Rizzo Maria G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGliomas are diffusely growing tumours arising from progenitors within the central nervous system. They encompass a range of different molecular types and subtypes, many of which have a well‐defined profile of driver mutations, copy number changes and DNA methylation patterns. A majority of gliomas will require surgical intervention to relieve raised intracranial pressure and reduce tumour burden. A proportion of tumours, however, are located in neurologically sensitive areas and a biopsy poses a significant risk of a deficit. A majority of gliomas recur after surgery, and monitoring tumour burden of the recurrence is currently achieved by imaging. However, most imaging modalities have limitations in assessing tumour burden and infiltration into adjacent brain, and sometimes imaging is unable to discriminate between tumour recurrence and pseudo‐progression. Liquid biopsies, obtained from body fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid or blood, contain circulating nucleic acids or extracellular vesicles containing tumour‐derived components. The studies for this systematic review were selected according to PRISMA criteria, and suggest that the detection of circulating tumour‐derived nucleic acids holds great promises as biomarker to aid diagnosis and prognostication by monitoring tumour progression, and thus can be considered a pathway towards personalized medicine.
Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Modeling of Natural Convection Around a Heated Horizontal Cylinder: A Comparison With Experiments
Authors: Aragón F. , Guzmán J. E. V. , Alvarado-Rodríguez C. E. , Sigalotti L. Di G. , Carvajal-Mariscal I. , Klapp J. , Uribe-Ramírez A. R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn experimental and numerical smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) analysis was performed for the convective flow arising from a horizontal, thin cylindrical heat source enclosed in a glycerin-filled, slender enclosure at low Rayleigh numbers (1.18≤Ra≤242). Both the experiments and the SPH calculations were performed for positive (0.1≤ΔT≤10 K) and negative (−10≤ΔT≤−0.1 K) temperature differences between the source and the surrounding fluid. In all cases, a pair of steady, counter-rotating vortices is formed, accompanied by a plume of vertically ascending flow just above the source for ΔT&gt;0 and a vertically descending flow just below the source for ΔT&lt;0. The maximum flow velocities always occur within the ascending/descending plumes. The SPH predictions are found to match the experimental observations acceptably well with root-mean-square errors (RMSE) in the velocity profiles of the order of ∼10−5 m s−1. The fact that the SPH method is able to reveal the detailed features of the flow phenomenon demonstrates the correctness of the approach.
Objectively quantified physical activity and sedentary behaviour in a young UAE population
Authors: Dalibalta Sarah , Majdalawieh Amin , Yousef Sarah , Gusbi Mohammed , Wilson Jason J , Tully Mark A , Davison Gareth 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesThere is a lack of public awareness of the importance of engaging in physical activity (PA) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Nearly 58% of the UAE adult population self-reports as being physically inactive although little accelerometer data currently exists. The aim of this study was to obtain the first dataset that objectively quantifies PA and sedentary behaviour (SB) in young UAE adults.MethodsThis cross-sectional study recruited 140 university students. Body composition and accelerometry was assessed using a Tanita body composition analyser and ActiGraph accelerometer. Differences (p≤0.05) between gender (male vs female) and body mass index (normal vs overweight/obese) were determined using independent samples t-tests and χ2tests for nominal variables.ResultsBoth males and females spent high amounts of time in SB, encompassing ~80% of waking hours. PA was primarily light intensity (14.1%), although males spent significantly greater time in moderate-to-vigorous intensity activity. Moreover, 50% of males compared with 76.6% of females were classified as sedentary/low active according to daily step counts.ConclusionOur data provide evidence of high levels of SB among young adults in the UAE with PA being predominantly light intensity, therefore, both PA and SB should be carefully monitored in this country.