bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Stroke in Young Adults: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Authors: Chung Goh Eun , Cho Eun Ju , Yoo Jeong-Ju , Chang Young , Cho Yuri , Park Sang-Hyun , Han Kyungdo , Jeong Su-Min , Yoon Kyoung Wan , Shin Dong Wook , Yu Su Jong , Kim Yoon Jun , Yoon Jung-Hwan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Because studies of young adults are limited, we investigated the relationship between NAFLD and cardiovascular events among a nationally representative sample of young adults in Korea. Methods: This population-based cohort study from the Korean National Health Insurance Service included adults who were 20–39 years old when they underwent a health examination from 2009–2012. NAFLD was defined as fatty liver index (FLI) ≥60, and participants were divided into three groups according to FLI (<30, 30−59, and ≥60) to investigate the effect of steatosis by grade. Results: Among 5,324,410 participants, 9.8% had an FLI ≥60. There were 13,051 myocardial infarctions (MI, 0.39%) and 8,573 strokes (0.26%) during a median follow-up of 8.4 years. In multivariable analysis, NAFLD was associated with a higher risk of MI and stroke (hazard ratio [HR]=1.69; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.61−1.77 and HR=1.73; 95% CI: 1.63−1.84, respectively). MI and stroke had dose-depended relationships with FLI (HR=1.28 in FLI 30−59 and 1.73 in FLI ≥60 for MI and HR=1.18 in FLI 30−59 and 1.41 in FLI ≥60 for stroke, respectively).Conclusions: NAFLD was an independent predictor of MI and stroke in young adults. These results suggest that primary prevention of CVD should be emphasized in young adults with NAFLD.
An Overview of the Current Situation of Degloving Skin and Soft-Tissue Injuries in China: A Retrospective Study of the Inpatients with DSTI from 2013 to 2018
Authors: Yu Shaoshuo , Fang He , Jiang Yao-nan , Tang Chen-qi , Shi Ying , Gan Lan-xia , Tang Hong-tai , Wang Hai-bo , Sun Yu , Xia Zhaofan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Degloving skin and soft-tissue injury (DSTI) is a kind of serious lesion in the field of surgery, with potential risk of morbidity and mortality. This study is aimed to summarize and analyze the current situation of DSTI in China, so as to provide enlightenments for better prevention and treatment. Methods: By searching inpatients’ information on the first page recorded by the Hospital Quality Monitoring System from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2018, patients diagnosed with DSTI were identified and screened based on the International Classification of Diseases coding System. Demographic characteristics, injury and cost information were collected for analysis. Results: There were 62709 patients who were diagnosed with DSTI, of whom 67.41% were males with a mean age of 43.01±19.70. Peasants and workers, traffic-related accidents and falls, summer and autumn accounted for high percentage of the study indicators. The operation rate of DSTI roughly showed a growing trend, and the average length of stay was 22.02±29.73 days, during which time 0.93% of the patients ended up in death. Medicine took up the first place of the hospitalization expense, but was decreasing year by year, while the proportion of other expenses gradually increased. More than half of the patients paid at their own charge, but the ratio of urban medical insurance was rising. The most and least frequent anatomic site of DSTI were lower extremity (43.40%) and torso (1.59%). Each injury site showed its own characteristics. Conclusions: This is the first retrospective study that targeted a nationwide data bank to make a relatively detailed epidemiological analysis of DSTIs from 2013 to 2018 in China. From this work, not only a preliminary understanding but also enlightenments for better prevention and treatment of DSTI has been gained.
A behavioral intervention to reduce range anxiety and increase electric vehicle uptake
Authors: Herberz Mario , Hahnel Ulf , Brosch Tobias 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Electric vehicles are on the rise, but are still far from reaching the global market share required to achieve climate objectives. While financial and technological adoption barriers are increasingly removed, psychological barriers remain insufficiently addressed on a large scale. Here, we show that car owners substantially underestimate the compatibility of available battery capacities with their individual mobility needs, increasing the demand of long battery ranges and reducing willingness to adopt. We test a simple behavioral intervention in two randomized online experiments in Germany and the U.S.: providing tailored compatibility information reduced range anxiety and increased willingness to pay for electric vehicles. Compatibility information more strongly increased preferences than information about privileged access to charging infrastructure, and selectively increased preferences of car owners for whom an electric vehicle would yield higher financial benefits. This scalable intervention may complement classical policy approaches in achieving a resource-conscious and global electrification of mobility.
Healthcare Institutions’ Recommendation Regarding the Use of FFP-2 Masks and SARS-Cov-2 Seropositivity Among Healthcare Workers – A Multicenter Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Szajek Katarzyna , Fleisch Felix , Hutter Sandra , Risch Martin , Bechmann Theresa , Luyckx Valerie Ann , Güsewell Sabine , Hirzel Cédric , Cusini Alexia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundHealth care workers (HCW) are heavily exposed to SARS-CoV-2 from the beginning of the pandemic. We aimed to analyze risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion among HCW with a special emphasis on the respective healthcare institutions’ recommendation regarding the use of FFP-2 masks. MethodsWe recruited HCW from 13 health care institutions (HCI) with different mask policies (type IIR surgical face masks vs. FFP-2 masks) in Southeastern Switzerland (canton of Grisons). Sera of participants were analyzed for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies six months apart, after the first and during the second pandemic wave using an electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA, Roche Diagnostics). We captured risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection by using an online questionnaire at both time points. The effects of individual COVID-19 exposure, regional incidence and FFP-2 mask policy on the probability of seroconversion were evaluated with univariable and multivariable logistic regression.ResultsSARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in 99 of 2794 (3.5%) HCW at baseline and in 376 of 2315 (16.2%) participants six months later. In multivariable analyses the strongest association for seroconversion was exposure to a household member with known COVID-19 (aOR: 19.82, 95% CI: 8.11-48.43, p<0.001 at baseline and aOR: 8.68, 95% CI: 6.13-12.29, p<0.001 at follow-up). Significant occupational risk factors at baseline included exposure to COVID-19 patients (aOR: 2.79, 95% CI: 1.28-6.09, p=0.010) and to SARS-CoV-2 infected co-workers (aOR: 2.50, 95% CI: 1.52-4.12, p<0.001). At follow up six months later, non-occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals (aOR: 2.54, 95% CI: 1.66-3.89 p<0.001) and the local COVID-19 incidence of the corresponding HCI (aOR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.30-3.02, p=0.001) were associated with seroconversion. The healthcare institutions’ mask policy (surgical masks vs. FFP-2 masks) did not affect seroconversion rates of HCW during the first and the second pandemic wave. ConclusionContact with SARS-CoV-2 infected household members was the most important risk factor for seroconversion among HCW. The strongest occupational risk factor was exposure to COVID-19 patients. During this pandemic, with heavy non-occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2, the mask policy of HCIs did not affect the seroconversion rate of HCWs.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Untreated Thyroid Dysfunctions in the Older Caucasian Adults: Results of Polsenior 2 Survey
Authors: Kocelak Piotr , Mossakowska Malgorzata , Puzianowska-Kuznicka Monika , Sworczak Krzysztof , Wyszomirski Adam , Handzlik Gabriela , Stefanski Adrian , Zdrojewski Tomasz , Chudek Jerzy 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: To determine the prevalence of treated and untreated thyroid dysfunction and to identify factors associated with increased risk of undiagnosed thyroid dysfunction in older adults.Methods The population of 5987 community-dwelling Polish Caucasian seniors aged 60 years and above who participated in the PolSenior 2 study (2018 – 2019). Population-based cross-sectional multidisciplinary study in design. Data from structured questionnaires, geriatric tests and scales were obtained from all study participants who underwent anthropometric and blood pressure measurements during three home visits. Assessment of thyroid function was based on TSH serum measurements.ResultsThe prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in the Polish population aged 60 years or above was estimated at 15.5% (21.5% in women and 7.2% in men), with 3.2% of undiagnosed individuals among them. The prevalence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in the studied group was 13.9% (19.4% in women and 6.3% in men) and 1.6% (2.1% in women and 0.9% in men) respectively. In multiple regression analysis independent risk factors for thyroid disorders being untreated were older age (> 75 years), male sex, a low education level (primary or lower) and low utilization of medical services.Conclusions One-fifth of Polish Caucasian seniors with hypothyroidism and one-third with hyperthyroidism is untreated. Older, poorly educated and rarely utilizing medical services seniors, especially men, are more frequently untreated for thyroid dysfunction and some of them do not benefit from contemporary achievements of medicine.
Identifying Methylation-Driven Immune-related Molecular Subtypes Predicts the Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yan Qian , Ye Baoqian , Wang Boqing , Zheng Wenjiang , Wang Xiongwen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze the DNA methylation and gene expression profiles of immune-related CpG sites to identify the molecular subtypes and CpG sites related to the prognosis of HCC. In this study, the DNA methylation and gene expression datasets were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, together with immune-related genes downloaded from the immunology database and analysis portal database to explore the prognostic molecular subtypes of HCC. By performing consistent clustering analysis on 830 immune-related CpG sites, we identified seven subgroups with significant differences in overall survival. Finally, 16 classifiers of immune-related CpG sites were constructed and used in the testing set to verify the prognosis of DNA methylation subgroups, and the results were consistent with the training set. Using the TIMER database, we analyzed 16 immune-related CpG sites expression with the abundance of six types of immune infiltrating cells and found that most are positively correlated with the level of infiltration of multiple immune cells in HCC. This study screened potential immune-related prognostic methylation sites and established a new prognosis model of HCC based on DNA methylation molecular subtype, which may help in the early diagnosis of HCC and developing more effective personalized treatments.
Responses of Functional Genes Involved In Nitrogen Cycling To Green Manuring In Different Paddy Soils In South China
Authors: Li Shun , Liang Hai , Wang Yun , Zhang Zihan , Zhang Lei , Zhou Guopeng , Gao Songjuan , Cao Weidong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Aims We studied the effects of green manuring on the nitrogen (N) cycling process in different paddy soils.Methods Field experiments conducted in Hunan, Jiangxi, Henan and Fujian provinces in south China to investigate the responses of rice yield, soil properties, and functional genes involved in N cycling to green manuring. The field experiments had four treatments, i.e., no fertilizer application (NF), using milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) as green manure without chemical fertilizer (GM), winter fallow and chemical fertilizer (CF), and a combination of green manure and chemical fertilizer (GMCF). Results The results showed that rice yield significantly increased in GMCF treatment. The copies of nifH gene significantly increased in GMCF in Jiangxi and Henan provinces. Ammonia oxidizing archaeal (AOA) amoA gene was predominant in all provinces compared with ammonia oxidizing bacterial (AOB). Compared with CF treatment, The copies of AOB-amoA gene were reduced in GMCF, indicating the inhibition of soil nitrification. The nirK gene was negatively correlated with SOM, TN, NH4+-N, NO3--N and AP, indicating that the positive effects of green manure on soil nutrients caused the inhibition of denitrification process. The nirK gene was the most critical factor influencing rice yield among the tested functional genes, with a relative influence of 63.5%. In comparison SOM was the most important factor (with a relative influence of 41.0%) among soil chemical properties. Conclusions In conclusion, the application of green manures changed the abundance of functional genes involved in the N cycling, and combined application with chemical fertilizer inhibited soil nitrification and denitrification.
Hyaluronan based gel promotes human Dental Pulp Stem Cells bone differentiation by activating YAP/TAZ pathway
Authors: Noce Marcella La , Stellavato Antonietta , Vassallo Valentina , Cammarota Marcella , Laino Luigi , Desiderio Vincenzo , Nicoletti Giovanni Francesco , Tirino Virginia , Papaccio Gianpaolo , Schiraldi Chiara , Ferraro Giuseppe Andrea 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is the major component of the extracellular matrix of human tissue, where it regulates processes such as osmotic pressure, water retention, cell migration, and differentiation. For these reasons, hyaluronans are currently used in regenerative medicine in different areas. Nevertheless, hyaluronans exist in different forms accordingly with molecular weight and degree of crosslinking, which can have a different and context-depended effects on cellular processes. Thus, picking the most appropriate form of hyaluronan turn out to be fundamental as it can make a huge difference in tissue regeneration. MSCs have attracted attention in tissue regeneration for their proliferation potential and ability to differentiate in several cytotypes. Among MSCs, human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (hDPSCs) were shown to be remarkably suitable for bone differentiation.In this study, we tested the capability to induce osteogenic differentiation in hDPSCs of three hyaluronans forms: linear pharmaceutical-grade hyaluronans at high (HHA), low molecular weight (LHA), and the recently stabilized hybrid cooperative complexes (HCC), containing both sizes.Methods. hDPSCs were treated with HHA, LHA, HCC for 7, 14 and 21 days. The effects of hyaluronans on osteogenic differentiation were evaluated by qRT-PCR and WB of osteogenic markers and by Alizarin Red S staining. CD44, the main receptor of the HA on cell surface and an upstream regulator of YAP/TAZ signaling, was analyzed by immunofluorescence. YAP/TAZ expression was measured by qRT-PCR. To confirm the involvement of YAP/TAZ pathway, YAP/TAZ inhibitor-1 was used and the loss of function of YAP/TAZ was evaluated by qRT-PCR, WB and immunofluorescence.Results. HCC was found to be the most impacting in inducing osteogenesis, with significant effects already at 7-14 days of treatment. HCC induced strong overexpression of osteocalcin, osteopontin, and bone sialoprotein, calcification nodule formation, and CD44 up-regulation.In addition, we showed that this biological process is associated to the activation of YAP/TAZ pathway and its target genes CTGF, ANKDR-1, RUNX-1, and RUNX-2.Conclusions. In conclusion, in this study we show that HA’s molecular weight can have a tremendous impact on HA performance for bone regeneration, and we unveil a new molecular mechanism by which HA acts on stem cells.
Impact of COPD treatment on survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Jo Hyunji , Park Sojung , Kim Nam Eun , Park So Young , Ryu Yon Ju , Chang Jung Hyun , Lee Jin Hwa 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the impact of COPD treatment on the survival of patients with advanced NSCLC remains uncertain.
Methods
We retrospectively investigated COPD patients among patients newly diagnosed with advanced NSCLC between September 2005 and August 2019 at a university hospital. The diagnosis of COPD was made by forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity < 0.7 with spirometry performed within one year before and after the diagnosis of NSCLC. The clinical characteristics, lung function, and survival outcomes were analyzed and compared between patients who did and did not receive COPD treatment.
Results
Among 221 patients with advanced NSCLC and COPD, 124 received treatment for COPD and 97 did not receive treatment for COPD. A total of 190 (86.0%) patients were newly diagnosed with COPD at the time of diagnosis of advanced NSCLC. FEV1 and FEV1 % predicted values were greater in the no-treatment group than in the COPD treatment group (P < 0.001). The median overall survival (OS) of the treatment group was 10.7 months while that of the no-treatment group was 8.7 months (P = 0.007). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, COPD treatment was independently associated with improved OS after adjustment for sex, age, body mass index, FEV1, lung cancer stage, and chemotherapy (hazard ratio, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.53–0.95; P = 0.021).
Conclusion
COPD treatment was associated with improved OS in patients with advanced NSCLC and COPD. Therefore, pretreatment spirometry and maximal treatment for COPD may offer a chance of optimal management for patients with advanced NSCLC.
Turkey Ovarian Tissue Transplantation: Effects of Surgical Technique on Graft Attachment and Immunological Status of the Grafts 6 Days Post-surgery
Authors: Hall George B , Long Julie A. , Susta Leonardo , Wood Ben J. , Bédécarrats Grégoy Yves 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Biobanked poultry ovaries can be revived via transplantation, into a recipient female, which upon maturity will produce donor-derived progeny. Previously, a large portion of these recipients also produced recipient-derived progeny, making them gonadal chimeras. These were potentially created when portions of the recipient’s ovary were inadvertently left behind. Completely removing the recipient ovary would solve this problem, however, leaving a portion of the recipient’s ovary may have inadvertently increased the transplant attachment rate by providing a damaged area for the transplant to attach too. To test this hypothesis in the turkey, we removed various portions (33% to 100%) of recipient ovarian tissue and determined the transplant attachment rate. Furthermore, the use of the abdominal air sac membrane as an additional anchoring point was tested. Finally, the immunological status of the grafts was evaluated by analyzing the presences of CD3 and MUM-1 (T and B cell markers), 6 days post-surgery.Results: The overall attachment rate of transplants was 91% (32/35), while the average size of the transplants was 4.2 ± 0.6 mm2. There was no difference (P > 0.05) in the attachment rates, or transplant size between groups with varying amounts of recipent tissue removed, or by using the abdominal air sac membrane as an anchor. However, all transplants were infiltrated by large numbers of T and B cells. This was shown by a high (P ≤ 0.001) percentage of CD3-positive immunostained cytoplasmic area (49.78 ± 3.90%) in transplants compared to remnant recipient tissue (0.30 ± 0.10%), as well as a high (P ≤ 0.001) percentage of MUM-1-positive immunostained nuclear area (9.85 ± 1.95%) in transplants over remnant recipient tissues (0.39 ± 0.12%).Conclusions: This study showed that neither the portion of the recipient ovary left behind nor the use of the abdominal air sac membrane affected the rate of attachment or the amount of donor tissue that attached. Thus, we recommend removing the entire recipient ovary to prevent gonadal chimeras. The high levels of lymphocytes within the grafts indicate possible tissue rejection, which could be overcome via immunosuppression with or without histocompatibility matching between donors and recipients.
Alpine meadow degradation depresses soil nitrogen fixation by regulating plant functional groups and diazotrophic community composition
Authors: Zhang Lu , Wang Xiangtao , Wang Jie , Liao Lirong , Lei Shilong , Liu Guobin , Zhang Chao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Aims
Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), a function performed by diazotrophic microbes, plays an essential role in nitrogen (N) bioavailability in terrestrial ecosystems. However, little is known about the effects of degradation on soil BNF and diazotrophic communities in alpine meadow.
Methods
We investigated the changes in soil BNF and their potential drivers in alpine meadows along a degradation gradient on the Tibetan Plateau (non-degraded, lightly degraded, moderately degraded, and severely degraded meadows) using real-time quantitative PCR and amplicon sequencing.
Results
Soil BNF rates decreased significantly along the meadow degradation gradient with a range of 17.34–79.84 nmol C2H4 g− 1 dry soil d− 1 across all sites. The highest BNF was observed in the non-degraded meadow and was 1.5–4.6-fold higher than that in degraded meadows. Meadow degradation significantly reduced the gene abundance of nifH and the Shannon and Chao1 diversity indices of diazotrophs, accompanied by a decrease in plant biomass, soil moisture, and nutrient content (C, N component). Soil BNF potential was closely correlated with plant biomass, soil nutrient content, and diazotrophic abundance (including Nostoc, Scytonema, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhizobiales, and Proteobacteria). The community composition of diazotrophs differed markedly among sites with different levels of degradation, and both autotrophic (Cyanobacteria) and heterotrophic (Proteobacteria) diazotrophs contributed simultaneously to the BNF. The plant functional groups, especially the sedges family, were the primary drivers for soil BNF rates via mediating soil moisture, nutrient level (dissolved organic C and N), nifH gene abundance, and diazotrophic community composition.
Conclusions
Our results reveal the underlying mechanism of changes in soil BNF during alpine meadow degradation, emphasize the importance of plant functional groups in shaping the diazotrophic community and BNF potential, and provide insights for the restoration of degraded meadow ecosystems.
Analysis of Exponent K Based on “Share” Project Data and Its Implications on Importance Factors of En 1998-1
Authors: Dragojevic Dejan , Salic Radmila , Milutinovic Zoran 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with seismic activity represented by a hazard curve through a single parameter – exponent k as given in EN 1998-1, as well as with its implications on importance factors. We have used the SHARE project dataset for calculation of exponent k for the wider European area and limited number of separate national studies for comparison of results since comparison to the SHARE results on the same dataset resulted with values of exponent k smaller by 1–1.5. The results indicate that recommended value of exponent k of 3 is rather an exception than expected value in seismically active regions, and that with the exclusion of Vrancea zone, for majority of Europe exponent k is well below assumed in EN 1998-1, which consequently indicate that importance factors for these locations should be larger than recommended in EN 1998-1.