bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Climate Change on Adolescents' Health Outcomes: An Evidence Gap Map Review
Authors: Meherali Salima , Nisa Saba , Aynalem Yared Asmare , Kennedy Megan , Salami Bukola , Adjorlolo Samuel , Ali Parveen , Silva Kênia Lara , Aziato Lydia , Richter Solina , Lassi Zohra S. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe evolving impact of climate change on adolescents' health is a pressing global concern. Climate change's effects on their physical, mental, and social well‐being worsen unique developmental challenges for adolescents. This study aims to map existing evidence, identify gaps, and highlight research and intervention needs.MethodsFollowing Campbell standards, an evidence gap map (EGM) review was conducted. We searched for global studies on adverse climate events and adolescents aged 10–19 using five databases such as Medline, EMBASE, Global Health, CINAHL, and Scopus from September 1946 to June 01, 2023. Two independent reviewers completed the screening using Covidence software, and a critical appraisal of all included studies. EGM was developed using EPPI Mapper software, which presents a comprehensive overview of climate events and their impact on adolescents' health outcomes. This study protocol was registered in the International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis (INPLASY) (# INPLASY202410119).FindingsWe included 44 studies that explored the impact of climate change on adolescents' health. Most included studies were from Asia (35), with limited evidence from Africa, Australia, and South America (one study each). Earthquakes, hurricanes, and tornadoes were the major climate events impacting adolescents' health and well‐being globally (37 studies). However, wildfires, droughts, and extreme heat got less attention. Most studies reported climate change's impact on adolescents' mental health (44), with few studies reporting the effect on physiological and psychosocial aspects of adolescents' health and well‐being (10).ConclusionThe systematic examination reveals significant evidence gaps, particularly in Africa, Australia, and South America, and in climate events like wildfires, droughts, and extreme heat. Most studies focus on mental health, with limited research on physiological and psychosocial aspects. These gaps highlight key areas for future research and targeted interventions at the intersection of adolescent health and climate change.
Prototype of Implant for Nitric Oxide Release Controlled by Infrared Radiation in Therapeutic Window
Authors: Virts Natalia A. , Karogodina Tatyana Yu. , Panfilov Mikhail A. , Vorob'ev Alexey Yu. , Moskalensky Alexander E. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTLocal therapeutic action and targeted drug release are promising approaches compared to traditional systemic drug administration. This is especially relevant for nitric oxide (NO), as its effects change dramatically depending on concentration and cellular context. Materials capable of releasing NO in deep tissues in a controlled manner might open new therapeutic opportunities. Light‐sensitive NO donors represent a fascinating class of compounds with significant potential for precise and controlled NO release. However, most of them are sensitive to visible light, with only a few examples absorbing in a near‐infrared therapeutic window. Here, we present the proof‐of‐concept of soft implants consisting of the photon upconverting core and the outer shell loaded with visible‐light triggered NO donor. The separation into two compartments results in efficient energy harvesting by the dye and effective NO release under 980 nm infrared irradiation. Such implants could be used in smart therapies implying well‐controlled and localized NO release.
VDAC Solvation Free Energy Calculation by a Nonuniform Size Modified Poisson–Boltzmann Ion Channel Model
Authors: Jemison Liam , Stahl Matthew , Dash Ranjan K. , Xie Dexuan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTVoltage‐dependent anion channel (VDAC) is the primary conduit for regulated passage of ions and metabolites into and out of a mitochondrion. Calculating the solvation free energy for VDAC is crucial for understanding its stability, function, and interactions within the cellular environment. In this article, numerical schemes for computing the total solvation free energy for VDAC—comprising electrostatic, ideal gas, and excess free energies plus the nonpolar energy—are developed based on a nonuniform size modified Poisson–Boltzmann ion channel (nuSMPBIC) finite element solver along with tetrahedral meshes for VDAC proteins. The current mesh generation package is also updated to improve mesh quality and accelerate mesh generation. A VDAC Solvation Free Energy Calculation (VSFEC) package is then created by integrating these schemes with the updated mesh package, the nuSMPBIC finite element package, the PDB2PQR package, and the OPM database, as well as one uniform SMPBIC finite element package and one Poisson–Boltzmann ion channel (PBIC) finite element package. With the VSFEC package, many numerical experiments are made using six VDAC proteins, eight ionic solutions containing up to four ionic species, including ATP4− and Ca2+, two reference states, different boundary values, and different permittivity constants. The test results underscore the importance of considering nonuniform ionic size effects to explore the varying patterns of the total solvation free energy, and demonstrate the high performance of the VSFEC package for VDAC solvation free energy calculation.
Machine Learning Prediction of Physicochemical Properties in Lithium‐Ion Battery Electrolytes With Active Learning Applied to Graph Neural Networks
Authors: Das Debojyoti , Chakraborty Debdutta 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAccurate prediction of physicochemical properties, such as electronic energy, enthalpy, free energy, and average vibrational frequencies, is critical for optimizing lithium‐ion battery (LIB) performance. Traditional methods like density functional theory (DFT) are computationally expensive and inefficient for large‐scale screening. In this study, we apply active learning on top of graph neural networks (GNNs) to efficiently predict these properties. By focusing on uncertain data points, active learning reduces training data size while maintaining high accuracy. Applied to the LIBE and MPcules datasets, the model achieved an R‐squared (R2) values of 0.9977 with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 9.66 Ha for electronic energy and an R2 values of 0.957 with an MAE of 13.94 cm−1 for average vibrational frequencies. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) provided insights into key features influencing predictions, such as atomic number and spin multiplicity. This approach enhances both predictive accuracy and model interpretability, offering a scalable solution for LIB electrolyte discovery.
Impact of the Stigma of Mental Illness: A Descriptive Exploratory Study of Outpatients in a Public Mental Health Hospital in Ghana
Authors: Gyamfi Sebastian , Owusu Mark Fordjour , Adu Joseph , Amankwaa Isaac , Martin‐Yeboah Ebenezer 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDespite ongoing efforts, persons with mental illness (PWMI) continue to experience stigma and discrimination and with profound negative outcomes. This study examined the psychological and social impact of the stigma attached to mental illness as experienced by out‐patients at a public mental health facility. We applied a descriptive exploratory method using a semi‐structured interview guide to elicit subjective responses from 12 Outpatient Department members. Study participants described various ways the stigma of mental illness impacted them within the social space. Overall, five (5) themes emerged. These include devaluing, losing their partners, social exclusion, unemployment, and loss of self‐esteem. Participants' account of their experiences with stigma so far depicts stigma as an everyday occurrence that adversely impacts their social standing. To effectively address stigma requires intentional efforts to bridge the gap created by deliberate acts of discrimination and lack of support for PWMI within our social framework.
Distinct Gut Microbiota Profiles in Normal Weight Obesity and Their Association With Cardiometabolic Diseases: Results From Two Independent Cohort Studies
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Wang Feijie , Li Yihan , Shi Yuwei , Wang Xiaoyan , Chen Xinyu , Zheng Weifang , Hsing Julianna C. , Lu Ying , Wu Yi‐Shuan , Hsing Ann W. , Kan Juntao , He Wei , Zhu Shankuan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundNormal weight obesity (NWO) is characterized by excess body fat in individuals with normal body mass index (BMI). This study aimed to investigate gut microbiota alterations in NWO and their potential associations with cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) risk in two independent cohorts.MethodsOur NWO‐CMD mortality analysis included 168 099 adults with normal BMI from two large open‐access databases, while our NWO‐gut microbiota study involved 5467 adults with normal BMI from two independent cohorts: the WELL‐China cohort and the Lanxi cohort. NWO was defined as having a normal BMI (18.5–23.9 kg/m2) but an excess per cent body fat (PBF, ≥ 25% in men and ≥ 35% in women). Normal weight lean was defined as having a normal BMI and normal PBF. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing method was used to analyse gut microbiota data.ResultsThe study comprised 3620 (64.0% female, median age 58 years) and 1847 (64.3% female, median age 56 years) participants from the WELL‐China and Lanxi cohorts. In our meta‐analysis, NWO is associated with 26% (95% CI: 1.07–1.41) higher risk of CMD mortality. Gut microbial analyses indicated that the NWO group exhibited reduced levels of observed species (p = 0.009 and p = 0.013) and Chao 1 index (p = 0.002 and p = 0.002) and altered gut microbial compositions (p = 0.009 and p < 0.001) compared with the NWL group. Seven genera were consistently observed to be associated with NWO in both two cohorts (all Q < 0.25). Among them, five (Fusobacterium, Ruminococcus gnavus group, Ruminococcus torques group, Coprococcus and Christensenellaceae_R7_group) have been previously linked to obesity, while the other two (Phascolarctobacterium and Clostridia_UCG‐014) were minimally reported. We also found statistically significant differences in the microbial composition between the NWO group and the obesity group (p = 0.001 and p = 0.001). Furthermore, the NWO‐related gut microbiome was associated with an elevated risk of hypertension, dyslipidaemia and metabolic syndrome, the corresponding HR (95% CIs) were 1.11 (1.01–1.22), 1.19 (1.10–1.29) and 1.17 (1.05–1.30) in the WELL‐China cohort and 1.14 (1.02–1.27), 1.15 (1.02–1.29) and 1.16 (1.02–1.32) in the Lanxi cohort.ConclusionsThese two large cohorts provided reliable evidence that gut microbiota alterations in NWO resemble those found in obesity, yet also display unique aspects. This distinct microbiota profile may contribute to heightened cardiometabolic risks in adults with normal BMI.
NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Altered Mitophagy Are Key Pathways in Inclusion Body Myositis
Authors: Naddaf Elie , Nguyen Thi Kim Oanh , Watzlawik Jens O. , Gao Huanyao , Hou Xu , Fiesel Fabienne C. , Mandrekar Jay , Kokesh Eileen , Harmsen William S. , Lanza Ian R. , Springer Wolfdieter , Trushina Eugenia 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundInclusion body myositis (IBM) is the most prevalent muscle disease in adults for which no current treatment exists. The pathogenesis of IBM remains poorly defined. In this study, we aimed to explore the interplay between inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in IBM.MethodsThe study population consisted of 38 IBM patients and 22 age‐ and sex‐matched controls without a myopathy. Mean age was 62.9 years (SD = 9) in IBM group and 59.7 (10) in controls. Bulk RNA sequencing, Meso Scale Discovery electrochemiluminescence (ECL), western blotting, histochemistry and immunohistochemistry were performed on frozen muscle samples from the study participants.ResultsWe demonstrated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in IBM muscle samples, with the NLRP3 inflammasome being the most upregulated pathway on RNA sequencing, along with increased expression of NLRP3 and ASC proteins in IBM group. NLRP3 RNA levels most strongly correlated with TLR7 (correlation coefficient ρ = 0.91) and complement activation‐related genes, and inversely correlated with several mitochondria‐related genes among others. On muscle histopathology, there was increased NRLP3 immunoreactivity in both inflammatory cells and muscle fibres. Mitophagy is critical for removing damaged mitochondria and preventing the formation of a vicious cycle of mitochondrial dysfunction—NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Herein, we showed altered mitophagy, as witnessed by the elevated levels of p‐S65‐Ubiquitin, a mitophagy marker, in muscle lysates from IBM patients compared to controls (median of 114.3 vs. 81.25 ECL units, p = 0.005). The p‐S65‐Ubiquitin levels were most significantly elevated in IBM males compared to male controls (136 vs. 83.5 ECL units; p = 0.013), whereas IBM females had milder nonsignificant elevation compared to female controls (97.25 vs. 69 ECL units, p = 0.31). On muscle histopathology, p‐S65‐Ubiquitin aggregates accumulated in muscle fibres that were mostly Type 2 and devoid of cytochrome‐c‐oxidase reactivity. NLRP3 RNA levels correlated with p‐S65‐Ubiquitin levels in both sexes (males: ρ = 0.48, females: ρ = 0.54) but with loss of muscle strength, as reflected by the manual motor test score, only in males (males: ρ = 0.62, females: ρ = −0.14). Lastly, we identified sex‐specific molecular pathways in IBM. Females had upregulation of pathways related to response to stress, which could conceivably offset some of the pathomechanisms of IBM, while males had upregulation of pathways related to cell adhesion and migration.ConclusionsThere is activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in IBM, along with altered mitophagy, particularly in males, which is of potential therapeutic significance. These findings suggest sex‐specific mechanisms in IBM that warrant further investigation.
Prenatal Methamphetamine Exposure Impairs Helping Behaviour in Male Offspring: The Possible Role of miR‐223 and NLRP3 Inflammasomes in the Amygdala
Authors: Khodagholi Fariba , Dezfouli Mitra Ansari , Yazdanfar Neda , Rashidi Seyed Khalil , Meymand Arman Zeinaddin , Javadpour Pegah , Mirbehbahani Seyed Hamidreza , Zare Nayereh 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe increasing prevalence of methamphetamine abuse among women, particularly pregnant females, is a global concern. Methamphetamine can readily cross anatomical barriers like the blood‐placenta barrier and cause detrimental impacts on the growing fetus. The current research evaluated the effects of prenatal methamphetamine exposure on helping behaviour and neuroinflammatory cascade in the amygdala of male offspring. On the tenth day of pregnancy, female rats received either saline or methamphetamine (5 mg/kg) until delivery. Once the offspring reached 21 days of age, the male ones were sep arated from their mothers and housed with normal male rats. An empathy‐like behaviour test, which measured helping behaviour towards the cage mate, was conducted. The expression levels of miR‐223‐3p, NLRP3, Caspase 1, and gasdermin D (GSDMD) were evaluated in the amygdala of male offspring. Moreover, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) protein level was measured. Findings of this study revealed that male offspring exposed to methamphetamine during pregnancy had impaired helping behaviour. At the molecular level, prenatal methamphetamine exposure decreased miR‐223‐3p and increased inflammasome signaling by raising the levels of NLRP3, caspase‐1, and GSDMD along with IL‐1β levels. These findings indicate that prenatal methamphetamine exposure impairs emotional behaviour and activates inflammasome pathway in the amygdala.
The impact of sex and body mass index in liver transplantation for acute‐on‐chronic liver failure
Authors: Akabane Miho , Imaoka Yuki , Nakayama Toshihiro , Esquivel Carlos O. , Sasaki Kazunari 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackground/PurposeThere have been no studies evaluating how body mass index (BMI) impacts on waitlist and post‐liver transplant (LT) mortality in acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) by sex. We aimed to determine these impacts using the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database.MethodsAdults listed for LT with estimated ACLF (Est‐ACLF) (2005–2023) were identified and subdivided by sex and BMI (high/middle/low). Competing‐risk analyses evaluated impacts on waitlist mortality. Kaplan–Meier analyses assessed post‐LT survival. Multivariable Cox regression identified risk factors.ResultsOf 37 251 Est‐ACLF patients, 14 534 (39.0%) were female. Females had higher 90‐day waitlist mortality than males (subhazard ratio [sHR]: 1.20, p < .01). High/low BMI patients had higher mortality than middle (sHR: 1.08/1.11, p < .01). In females, high BMI was associated with higher mortality than low (sHR: 1.10, p = .02); in males, low BMI was associated with higher mortality than high/middle (sHR: 1.16/1.16 vs. high/middle, p < .01). Multivariable analyses showed in females, high BMI was a significant risk factor for waitlist mortality (sHR:1.21, p < .01), while low was not; in males, high/low BMI was significant, with low having higher sHR (1.17) than high (1.09). Post‐LT survival showed no significant difference in females; in males, low BMI showed worse post‐3−/5‐year‐LT survival (p < .01). Multivariable Cox regression showed for females, neither low nor high BMI was significant for post‐LT survival; for males, low BMI was significant for 1−/3−/5‐year‐LT survival (HR: 1.30/1.30/1.22, p < .01).ConclusionsOur analysis of BMI's impact on LT outcomes in ACLF by sex enables risk stratification and provides a basis for adjusting BMI.
Big brother or big opportunity? Utilization of EHR use metadata in the inpatient setting: A mixed methods study at 16 organizations
Authors: Burden Marisha , Keniston Angela , McBeth Lauren , Astik Gopi , Kangelaris Kirsten N. , Kochar Aveena , Knees Michelle , Segon Ankur , Westergaard Sara , Yu Amy , Sakumoto Matthew , Chadha Romil 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundClinician electronic actions within the electronic health record (EHR) are captured seamlessly in real‐time during regular work activities in all major EHRs. Analysis of this EHR use metadata, such as audit log data, is increasingly used to understand the impact of work design on critical patient, workforce, and organizational outcomes.ObjectiveUnderstand experiences and perspectives influencing the use and implementation of audit log data into practice.MethodsMixed methods design utilizing focus groups and embedded survey with hospitalist group leaders attending a national society special interest group. Themes and subthemes were identified.ResultsSeven semistructured virtual focus groups were held with 16 individuals from 16 different organizations on December 12, 2023, with a 100% survey response rate. Survey results highlighted the lack of familiarity with audit log data, the lack of tools and training for use, and the lack of established protocols to respond to insights, with some concerns for the accuracy of the data. Four themes and multiple subthemes were identified and included: (1) Limited, but widely variable use of audit log data driven by a lack of access, resources, skills, and knowledge, (2) mistrust and skepticism about the data, including concerns about potential misuse and a lack of best practices and standards, (3) perspectives around audit log data are culture and context driven, and (4) excitement for the many potential use cases.ConclusionDespite all major EHRs having audit log data, participants had limited access, training, and knowledge. Although there was mistrust, many opportunities were identified.
Comparative Efficacy of Remote Ischemic Conditioning and Hypothermia in Permanent and Transient Cerebral Ischemia in Male Mice
Authors: Saito Moeko , Hoshino Takao , Ishizuka Kentaro , Kato Yoichiro , Shibata Noriyuki , Kitagawa Kazuo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTRemote ischemic conditioning (RIC) has attracted considerable attention as a brain protection strategy, although its impact remains unclear. Hypothermia is the most effective strategy in experimental transient cerebral ischemia. Therefore, we compared the efficacy of RIC, hypothermia, and no treatment on cerebral ischemia. We assessed the effects of both permanent and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 45 min in male mice. Brain hemodynamics were monitored during and after the procedure via 2D color‐coded ultrasound imaging. Ischemic lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), early breakdown of microtubule‐associated protein 2 (MAP2), expression levels of inflammatory cytokines by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR), and neurological signs and infarct volume were examined. In permanent MCAO, RIC increased cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the peri‐infarct area, reduced early lesions on MRI–DWI, decreased early MAP2 breakdown, and lowered infarct volume compared with no treatment. However, hypothermia only showed a protective effect against neurological signs. In contrast, in transient MCAO, both RIC and hypothermia reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines, mitigated MAP2 breakdown, and reduced infarct volume to a similar extent compared with no treatment. In conclusion, although RIC proved to be more effective than hypothermia in permanent MCAO, the protective effects of RIC and hypothermia were comparable in transient cerebral ischemia. Thus, RIC could be a promising strategy for brain protection against cerebral ischemia.
The Discovery of Novel ER‐Localized Cellobiose Transporters Involved in Cellulase Biosynthesis in Trichoderma reesei
Authors: Wang Haiyan , Shi Xiaotong , Huo Liujie , Tu Jing , Li Chengcheng , Wu Fu‐Gen , Lin Fengming 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSugar transporters are of great importance in sensing and transporting varied sugars for cellulase biosynthesis of lignocellulolytic fungi. Nevertheless, the function and the relevant mechanism of sugar transporters in fungal cellulase biosynthesis remain to be explored. Here, putative maltose transporters Mal1, Mal2, Mal3, Mal4, and Mal5 in Trichoderma reesei were investigated. Despite that only the transcriptional abundance of Mal1 was upregulated under cellulase‐generating condition, the individual deletion of Mal1, Mal2, Mal3, Mal4, and Mal5 all impaired cellulase biosynthesis. The possible reason for this is that the individual knockout of Mal2, Mal3, Mal4, and Mal5 resulted in no gene expression of Mal1 at 24 h during the cellulase production. The transcriptional analysis showed that the absence of these transporters noticeably inhibited cellulase genes at 24 h, which was then relieved. Interestingly, the individual missing of these maltose transporters significantly retarded the cellular consumption of cellobiose, rather than maltose, and they were distributed in cytoplasm, largely in endoplasmic reticulum (ER). These findings manifested that these putative maltose transporters may be in fact endomembrane cellobiose transporters, influencing fungal cellulase generation probably through Mal1 at the early stage. This research advances the knowledge of endomembrane sugar transporters in fungal cellulase biosynthesis.