bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of the compensatory reserve measurement in an emergency department trauma population
Authors: Schauer Steven G. , April Michael D. , Arana Allyson A. , Maddry Joseph K. , Escandon Mireya A. , Linscomb Carlissa D. , Rodriguez Dylan C. , Convertino Victor A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Compensatory Reserve Measurement (CRM) is a novel method used to provide early assessment of shock based on arterial wave form morphology changes. We hypothesized that (1) CRM would be significantly lower in those trauma patients who received life‐saving interventions compared with those not receiving interventions, and (2) CRM in patients who received interventions would recover after the intervention was performed.Study design and methodsWe captured vital signs along with analog arterial waveform data from trauma patients meeting major activation criteria using a prospective study design. Study team members tracked interventions throughout their emergency department stay.ResultsNinety subjects met inclusion with 13 receiving a blood product and 10 a major airway intervention. Most trauma was blunt (69%) with motor vehicle collisions making up the largest proportion (37%) of injury mechanism. Patients receiving blood products had lower CRM values just prior to administration versus those who did not (50% versus 58%, p = .045), and lower systolic pressure (SBP; 95 versus 123 mmHg, p = .005), diastolic (DBP; 62 versus 79, p = .007), and mean arterial pressure (MAP; 75 versus 95, p = .006), and a higher pulse rate (HR; 101 versus 89 bpm, p = .039). Patients receiving an airway intervention had lower CRM values just prior to administration versus those who did not (48% versus 58%, p = .062); however, SBP, DBP, MAP, and HR were not statistically distinguishable (p ≥ .645).ConclusionsOur results support our hypotheses that the CRM distinguished those patients who received blood or an airway intervention from those who did not, and increased appropriately after interventions were performed.
In vitro characteristics and in vivo platelet quality of whole blood treated with riboflavin and UVA/UVB light and stored for 24 hours at room temperature
Authors: Lunde Turid Helen Felli , Hartson Lindsay , Bailey Shawn Lawrence , Hervig Tor Audun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is a global increase in whole blood usage and at the same time, emerging pathogens give cause for pathogen reduction technology (PRT). The Mirasol PRT has shown promising results for plasma and platelet concentrate products. Treatment of whole blood with subsequent platelet survival and recovery analysis would be of global value.Study Design and MethodsA two‐arm, open‐label laboratory study was performed with 40 whole blood collections in four groups: non‐leukoreduced non‐PRT‐treated, non‐leukoreduced PRT‐treated, leukoreduced non‐PRT‐treated, and leukoreduced PRT‐treated.Leukoreduction and/or PRT‐treatment was performed on the day of collection, then all WB units were stored at room temperature for 24 h. Sampling was performed after hold‐time and after 24‐h storage in RT. If PRT‐treatment or leukoreduction, samples were also taken subsequently after treatment.Thirteen healthy volunteer blood donors completed the in vivo study per protocol. All WB units were non‐leukoreduced and PRT‐treated. Radioactive labeling of platelets from RT‐stored, PRT‐treated whole blood, sampling of subjects, recovery, and survival calculations were performed according to the Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion Collaborative protocol.ResultsIn vitro characteristics show that PRT‐treatment leads to increased levels of hemolysis, potassium, and lactate, while there are decreased levels of glucose, FVIII, and fibrinogen after 24 h of storage. All values are within requirements for WB.In vivo recovery and survival of platelets were 85.4% and 81.3% of untreated fresh control, respectively.ConclusionsPRT‐treatment moderately reduces whole blood quality but is well within the limits of international guidelines. Recovery and survival of platelets are satisfactory after Mirasol treatment.
Effect of parachute delivery on red blood cell (RBC) and plasma quality measures of blood for transfusion
Authors: Bates Mark , Watts Sarah , Doughty Heidi , Woolley Tom , Miles Andrew , Barry Liam , Jenner Dominic , Sedman Andrew , Purcell Robert , Kirkman Emrys 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundParachute airdrop offers a rapid transfusion supply option for humanitarian aid and military support. However, its impact on longer‐term RBC survival is undocumented. This study aimed to determine post‐drop quality of RBCs in concentrates (RCC), and both RBCs and plasma in whole blood (WB) during subsequent storage.Study design and methodsTwenty‐two units of leucodepleted RCC in saline, adenine, glucose, mannitol (SAGM) and 22 units of nonclinical issue WB were randomly allocated for air transportation, parachute drop, and subsequent storage (parachute), or simply storage under identical conventional conditions (4 ± 2°C) (control). All blood products were 6–8 days post‐donation. Parachute units were packed into Credo Cubes, (Series 4, 16 L) inside a PeliCase (Peli 0350) and rigged as parachute delivery packs. Packs underwent a 4‐h tactical flight (C130 aircraft), then parachuted from 250 to 400 ft before ground recovery. The units were sampled aseptically before and after airdrop at weekly intervals. A range of assays quantified the RBC storage lesion and coagulation parameters.ResultsBlood units were maintained at 2–6°C and recovered intact after recorded ground impacts of 341–1038 m s−2. All units showed a classical RBC storage lesion and increased RBC microparticles during 42 days of storage. Fibrinogen and clotting factors decreased in WB during storage. Nevertheless, no significant difference was observed between Control and Parachute groups. Air transportation and parachute delivery onto land did not adversely affect, or shorten, the shelf life of fresh RBCs or WB.DiscussionAppropriately packaged aerial delivery by parachute can be successfully used for blood supply.
Prehospital whole blood reduces early mortality in patients with hemorrhagic shock
Authors: Braverman Maxwell A. , Smith Alison , Pokorny Douglas , Axtman Benjamin , Shahan Charles Patrick , Barry Lauran , Corral Hannah , Jonas Rachelle Babbitt , Shiels Michael , Schaefer Randall , Epley Eric , Winckler Christopher , Waltman Elizabeth , Eastridge Brian J. , Nicholson Susannah E. , Stewart Ronald M. , Jenkins Donald H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundLow titer O+ whole blood (LTOWB) is being increasingly used for resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock in military and civilian settings. The objective of this study was to identify the impact of prehospital LTOWB on survival for patients in shock receiving prehospital LTOWB transfusion.Study design and methodsA single institutional trauma registry was queried for patients undergoing prehospital transfusion between 2015 and 2019. Patients were stratified based on prehospital LTOWB transfusion (PHT) or no prehospital transfusion (NT). Outcomes measured included emergency department (ED), 6‐h and hospital mortality, change in shock index (SI), and incidence of massive transfusion. Statistical analyses were performed.ResultsA total of 538 patients met inclusion criteria. Patients undergoing PHT had worse shock physiology (median SI 1.25 vs. 0.95, p < .001) with greater reversal of shock upon arrival (−0.28 vs. −0.002, p < .001). In a propensity‐matched group of 214 patients with prehospital shock, 58 patients underwent PHT and 156 did not. Demographics were similar between the groups. Mean improvement in SI between scene and ED was greatest for patients in the PHT group with a lower trauma bay mortality (0% vs. 7%, p = .04). No survival benefit for patients in prehospital cardiac arrest receiving LTOWB was found (p > .05).DiscussionThis study demonstrated that trauma patients who received prehospital LTOWB transfusion had a greater improvement in SI and a reduction in early mortality. Patient with prehospital cardiac arrest did not have an improvement in survival. These findings support LTOWB use in the prehospital setting. Further multi‐institutional prospective studies are needed.
A prehospital scoring system for predicting the need for emergent blood product transfusion
Authors: Avital Guy , Gelikas Shaul , Radomislensky Irina , Tsur Avishai M. , Sorkin Alex , Shinar Eilat , Bodas Moran , Yazer Mark H. , Cap Andrew P. , Chen Jacob , Glassberg Elon , Benov Avi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundSeveral tools have been proven to predict the need for massive transfusion in trauma casualties, yet tools that are easily applicable in the prehospital setting for predicting the need for any blood product transfusion in the emergency department (ED) are lacking.MethodsA retrospective analysis of the cross‐referenced Israeli Defense Forces Trauma Registry and the Israeli National Trauma Registry databases was performed to identify predictors for any blood product transfusion in the ED. A scoring system was developed after internally validating the prediction model. Division to risk groups was performed.ResultsSeven variables (systolic blood pressure, heart rate, arterial oxygen saturation, trunk involvement, mechanism of injury, chest decompression, and tourniquet application) were included in the scoring system, ranging from 0 to 11.5. Risk groups for ED transfusion included very low (0.8%), low (3.2%), intermediate (8.5%), and high (31.2%) risk.ConclusionA scoring system for predicting the need for any blood product transfusion in the ED was developed, based on information readily available in the early stages of prehospital resuscitation, allowing the receiving medical facility to prepare for that need.
Emergency departments are higher‐risk locations for wrong blood in tube errors
Authors: Dunbar Nancy M. , Delaney Meghan , Murphy Michael F. , Pagano Monica B. , Saifee Nabiha Huq , Seheult Jansen , Yazer Mark , Kaufman Richard M. ,   the WBIT Study Investigators on behalf of the Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion (BEST) Collaborative
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundWrong blood in tube (WBIT) errors can lead to ABO mistransfusions. It is unknown if WBIT errors are more likely in specific healthcare locations or if specific collection practices influence the commission of WBIT errors.Study Design and MethodsData on pretransfusion samples from calendar year 2019 were collected retrospectively by 39 transfusion services in nine countries. We compared the proportion of WBIT errors made in emergency departments (EDs), inpatient wards, and outpatient clinics.ResultsIn total, 143 WBIT errors were detected among 1,394,862 samples for an unadjusted aggregate WBIT proportion of 1.03/10,000 samples. Using a pooled random effects model, the WBIT proportion was estimated to be significantly higher in EDs (1.23/10,000 samples, 95% CI 0.62–2.43) than inpatient wards (0.71/10,000, 95% CI 0.44–1.14; p < .001) or outpatient clinics (0.24/10,000, 95% CI 0.08–0.65; p < .001) and significantly higher in inpatient wards than outpatient clinics (p = .043). The use of electronic positive patient identification (ePPID) systems was associated with a significantly lower WBIT proportion in the ED (odds ratio, OR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.11–0.96, p = .041), but not in inpatient wards (OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.20–1.01, p = .054) or outpatient clinics (OR: 1.95, 95% CI: 0.39–9.74, p = .415).DiscussionNormalized for the number of samples drawn per location, the WBIT proportion in EDs was 1.7 times higher than inpatient wards and 5.1 times higher than outpatient clinics. EDs represent higher‐risk clinical locations for WBIT errors, and electronic positive patient identification (ePPID) may provide a greater impact on safety in EDs relative to other clinical areas.
HIV residual risk in Canada for apheresis source plasma donation without deferral for men who have sex with men
Authors: Aubé Eliana , Lewin Antoine , O'Brien Sheila F. , Grégoire Yves , Pillonel Josiane , Steele Whitney R. , Custer Brian , Davison Katy L. , Germain Marc , Seed Clive R. , Camirand Lemyre Félix ,   the Surveillance, Risk Assessment and Policy Subgroup of the ISBT Transfusion Transmitted Infectious Diseases Working Party
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIn Canada, men having sex with men (MSM) are deferred for 3 months from last sexual contact to reduce human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk to recipients. The aim of this paper was to model the Canadian residual risk of HIV‐positive source plasma incorporating pathogen inactivation (PI) under no MSM deferral scenarios for apheresis plasma donations.Materials and MethodsA combined Bayesian network (BN) and Monte Carlo approach were implemented to estimate the HIV residual risk under 3‐month deferral compared with no deferral without quarantine scenarios for MSM donors. Models involve the stochastic generation of donation and its infection status based on its corresponding simulated donor profile. Viral load reduction conferred by PI used by source plasma fractionators was simulated. Model parameters were derived from Héma‐Québec and Canadian Blood Services data, viral loads in a large sample of HIV‐positive US blood donors, CSL Behring documentation and from published data.ResultsIn the most likely scenario for the 3‐month deferral model, there were 2.71 positive donations per 1,000,000 donations (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.63–2.78). For the no‐deferral model, there were 3.01 positive donations per 1,000,000 donations (95% CI 2.94–3.09). For both scenarios, the risk of having an infectious pool was 0 in 300,000 pools (95% CI 0–0.0000123) after consideration of PI.ConclusionBased on simulation results, there would be a negligible HIV residual risk associated with the removal of a time‐based MSM deferral without quarantine for source plasma incorporating PI.
Additive Manufacturing of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Bioactive Glass Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Dixit Kartikeya , Sinha Niraj 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Scaffolds play an essential role in bone healing by providing temporary structural support to the native bone tissue and by hosting bone cells. To this end, several biomaterials and manufacturing methods have been proposed. Among the biomaterials, bio-active glasses have attractive properties as a scaffold material for bone repair. Simultaneously, additive manufacturing (AM) techniques have attracted significant attention owing to their capability of fabricating complex and patient-specific scaffolds. Accordingly, borosilicate bio-active glass (BG-B30) has been used to fabricate the scaffolds using an extrusion-based AM devices in this study. Pluronic F-127 was used as an ink carrier that showed suitable shear thinning behavior for fabrication. The pure BG-B30 scaffold had a compressive strength of 23.30 MPa and was reinforced further with functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT-COOH) to reduce its brittleness and enhance its compressive strength. When compared to the conventional polymer foam replication technique, the combination of MWCNT-COOH reinforcement and AM resulted in an enhancement of the compressive strength by ∼646% (1.05 MPa to 35.84 MPa). Further, structural analysis using microcomputed tomography revealed that the scaffolds fabricated using AM had better control over strut size and pore size in addition to better network connectivity. Finally, in vitro experiments demonstrated its bio-active behavior by the formation of hydroxyapatite, and the cellular studies revealed good cell viability and osteogenesis initiation. These results are promising for the fabrication of patient-specific CNT-reinforced bio-active glass porous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications.
Compact Diesel Engine Waste-Heat-Driven Ammonia–Water Absorption Heat Pump Modeling and Performance Maximization Strategies
Authors: Keinath Christopher M. , Delahanty Jared C. , Garimella Srinivas , Garrabrant Michael A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
An investigation of the best ways to achieve optimal performance from a waste-heat-driven ammonia–water absorption heat pump over a wide range of operating conditions is presented. Waste heat from an 8-kWe diesel engine generator is recovered using an exhaust gas heat exchanger and delivered to the desorber by a heat transfer fluid loop. The absorber and condenser are hydronically coupled in parallel to an ambient heat exchanger for heat rejection. The evaporator provides chilled water for space-conditioning with a baseline cooling capacity of 2 kW. All heat and mass exchangers employ novel microscale geometries. A detailed thermodynamics model is developed to simulate performance and develop strategies to achieve the best performance in both cooling and heating modes over a range of operating conditions. These parametric studies show that improved coefficients of performance can be achieved by adjusting the coupling fluid temperatures in the evaporator and the condenser/absorber as the ambient temperature varies. With the varying return temperatures, the system is able to provide the 2-kW design cooling capacity for a wide range of ambient temperatures.
A Multiscale Simulation Approach for the Mechanical Response of Copper/Nickel Nanofoams With Experimental Validation
Authors: Ke Hang , Loaiza Alexandra , Jimenez Andres G. , Bahr David F. , Mastorakos Ioannis 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Metallic nanofoams, cellular structures consisting of interlinked thin nanowires and empty pores, create low density, high surface area materials. These structures can suffer from macroscopically brittle behavior. In this work, we present a multiscale approach to study and explain the mechanical behavior of metallic nanofoams obtained by an electrospinning method. In this multiscale approach, atomistic simulations were first used to obtain the yield surfaces of different metallic nanofoam cell structures. Then, a continuum plasticity model using finite elements was used to predict the alloy nanofoam's overall strength in compression. The manufactured metallic nanofoams were produced by electrospinning a polymeric non-woven fabric containing metal precursors for alloys of copper–nickel and then thermally processing the fabric to create alloy metallic nanofoams. The nanofoams were tested with nanoindentation. The experimental results suggest that the addition of nickel increases the hardening of the nanofoams. The multiscale simulation modeling results agreed qualitatively with the experiments by suggesting that the addition of the alloying can be beneficial to the hardening behavior of the metallic nanofoams and helps to isolate the effects of alloying from morphological changes in the foam. This behavior was related to the addition of solute atoms that prevent the free dislocation movement and increase the strength of the structure.
Communicating personalised statin therapy-effects as 10-year CVD-risk or CVD-free life-expectancy: does it improve decisional conflict? Three-armed, blinded, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Jaspers Nicole E M , Visseren Frank L J , van der Graaf Yolanda , Smulders Yvo M , Damman Olga C , Brouwers Corline , Rutten Guy E H M , Dorresteijn Jannick A N 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo determine whether communicating personalised statin therapy-effects obtained by prognostic algorithm leads to lower decisional conflict associated with statin use in patients with stable cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with standard (non-personalised) therapy-effects.DesignHypothesis-blinded, three-armed randomised controlled trialSetting and participants303 statin users with stable CVD enrolled in a cohortInterventionParticipants were randomised in a 1:1:1 ratio to standard practice (control-group) or one of two intervention arms. Intervention arms received standard practice plus (1) apersonalised health profile, (2) educational videos and (3) a structured telephone consultation. Intervention arms received personalised estimates of prognostic changes associated with both discontinuation of current statin and intensification to the most potent statin type and dose (ie, atorvastatin 80 mg). Intervention arms differed in how these changes were expressed: either change in individual 10-year absolute CVD risk (iAR-group) or CVD-free life-expectancy (iLE-group) calculated with the SMART-REACH model (http://U-Prevent.com).OutcomePrimary outcome was patient decisional conflict score (DCS) after 1 month. The score varies from 0 (no conflict) to 100 (high conflict). Secondary outcomes were collected at 1 or 6 months: DCS, quality of life, illness perception, patient activation, patient perception of statin efficacy and shared decision-making, self-reported statin adherence, understanding of statin-therapy, post-randomisation low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and physician opinion of the intervention. Outcomes are reported as median (25th– 75th percentile).ResultsDecisional conflict differed between the intervention arms: median control 27 (20–43), iAR-group 22 (11–30; p-value vs control 0.001) and iLE-group 25 (10–31; p-value vs control 0.021). No differences in secondary outcomes were observed.ConclusionIn patients with clinically manifest CVD, providing personalised estimations of treatment-effects resulted in a small but significant decrease in decisional conflict after 1 month. The results support the use of personalised predictions for supporting decision-making.Trial registrationNTR6227/NL6080.
Satisfaction with maternity care among recent migrants: an interview questionnaire-based study
Authors: Bains Sukhjeet , Sundby Johanne , Lindskog Benedikte V. , Vangen Siri , Diep Lien M. , Owe Katrine M. , Sorbye Ingvil K. 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo examine factors associated with recently migrated women’s satisfaction with maternity care in urban Oslo, Norway.DesignAn interview-based cross-sectional study, using a modified version of Migrant Friendly Maternity Care Questionnaire.SettingFace-to-face interview after birth in two maternity wards in urban Oslo, Norway, from January 2019 to February 2020.ParticipantsInternational migrant women, ≤5 years length of residency in Norway, giving birth in urban Oslo, excluding women born in high-income countries.Primary outcomeDissatisfaction of care during pregnancy and birth, measured using a Likert scale, grouped into satisfied and dissatisfied, in relation to socio-demographic/clinical characteristics and healthcare experiences.Secondary outcomeNegative healthcare experiences and their association with reason for migration.ResultsA total of 401 women answered the questionnaire (87.6% response rate). Overall satisfaction with maternal healthcare was high. However, having a Norwegian partner, higher education and high Norwegian language comprehension were associated with greater odds of being dissatisfied with care. One-third of all women did not understand the information provided by the healthcare personnel during maternity care. More women with refugee background felt treated differently because of factors such as religion, language and skin colour, than women who migrated due to family reunification.ConclusionsAlthough the overall satisfaction was high, for certain healthcare experiences such as understanding information, we found more negative responses. The negative healthcare experiences and factors associated with satisfaction identified in this study have implications for health system planning, education of healthcare personnel and strategies for quality improvement.