bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate Change Beliefs And Vulnerability Among Farmers In The Upper Corn Belt
Authors: Davenport Mae A , Kreiter Amelia , Brauman Kate A. , Keeler Bonnie , Arbuckle J. , Sharma Vasudha , Noe Ryan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Anticipatory water management must reflect not only future climatic conditions, but also the social and psychological dimensions of vulnerability that drive adaptation. Compared to the western U.S., farmers in the upper Corn Belt have had less exposure to extreme drought and have lower rates of irrigation adoption. If climate change threatens to increase drought frequency or severity in the Corn Belt, transitioning from rain-fed agriculture to irrigated agriculture would require systemic changes and significant financial investments. Knowing what drives perceptions and feelings of drought vulnerability will improve understanding and anticipation of farmer adaptation behaviors such as irrigation. We surveyed central Minnesota agricultural producers about their perceptions of water scarcity in two groundwater management areas where climate models show heightened variability in water supply during the growing season. We examined the influence of farmer beliefs about climate change, drought risk, farm sensitivity to drought, and adaptation capacity. We presented farmers with scenarios of drought severity derived from downscaled climate projections and asked farmers about their likelihood of adopting irrigation technologies or expanding irrigation extent. Findings indicate that many farmers feel vulnerable to climate and drought-related impacts, in part because they believe water scarcity is an imminent problem. Farmers believe humans are at least partially responsible for climate change, near-term droughts are likely, and their farms are particularly sensitive to drought stress.
Dynamic Structural Changes in Nickel Single-Atom Catalysts During Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to CO
Authors: Mei Bingbao , Ai Changzhi , Ma Lushan , Liu Cong , Yang Shuai , Hu Jinping , Wang Qing , Yang Yuqi , Zhang Hao , Sun Fanfei , Lin Shiwei , Song Fei , Xu Weilin , Du Xian-Long , Jiang Zheng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (ECO2RR) is an important route for global carbon abatement. However, a comprehensive picture of the structure evolution of metal active sites is currently lacked in ECO2RR. Here, we present the first full view of Ni single-atom catalyst for ECO2RR over a broad potential range. Comprehensive X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) analyses confirmed the Ni coordinated with pyrrole nitrogen in the form of Ni-N4 attached with an axial O2 ligand. Operando XAS revealed the precise structure of the Ni single-atom catalyst that dynamically changes with the shift of applied potentials. Such changes ultimately contributed to the CO selectivity variation ranging from 20%-99%. Interestingly, the Ni center was found to move toward the N4 plane during the ECO2RR, which played a crucial role of reaching near-unity CO selectivity. Together with theoretical calculations, a clear quantitative correlation between the dynamic configuration and the catalytic properties was established.
Necroptosis-inducible Nanoliposomes for Enhanced Cancer Sonoimmunotherapy in Vitro
Authors: Li Meng-meng , Zhu Ya , Yang Mi , Zheng Min , Ran Haitao , Zhang Wei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Necroptosis has emerged as a therapeutic target for stimulating antitumor immune responses in dying tumor cells. However, its suppressed expression of receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3), a key enzyme in necrosis in most cancer cells, limits the clinical translation to exploiting necroptosis.Design: We fabricated a multifunctional phase-transition nanoparticles platform by constructing Lip-ICG-PFP-cRGD, utilizing liposome and indocyanine green (ICG) as the shell and perfluoropentane (PFP) as the core. The platform system represented the combination of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and immunotherapy for cancer treatment by inducing necroptosis and disrupting the cell membrane through the acoustic cavitation effect mediated by ultrasound. In addition to their inherent contrasting ability under photoacoustic imaging, our liposomes may also be used as an ultrasound imaging probe after being irradiated with low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU).Results: We demonstrate that nanoparticles can trigger necroptosis in ovarian cancer cells, which ruptures cell membrane by acoustic cavitation effect. When exposed to LIFU, the nanoparticles effectively facilitate the release of damage-associated molecular patterns by inducing burst-mediated cell-membrane decomposition. Moreover, the PFP phase change caused RIPK3/MLKL-independent necroptosis by acoustic cavitation effect, resulting in the release of biologically active DAMPs (CRT and HMGB1) to facilitate antitumor immunity. Therefore, necroptosis-inducible nanoparticles remarkably enhance antitumor immunity by activating CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and maturing dendritic cells in vitro. Conclusion: We have successfully synthesized Lip-ICG-PFP-cRGD nanoparticles, which can achieve SDT and provoke necroptosis by bubble-mediated cell membrane rupture. The innovative nanoparticle causes immunogenic cell death in cancer cells via RIPK3-independent necroptosis, which is a promising enhancer for cancer immunotherapy.
Characteristics and Surgical Outcomes of the Patients With Atraumatic Splenic Rupture
Authors: Colak Elif , Ciftci Ahmet Burak 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Although splenic emergencies are rare in the case of the absence of trauma, late-diagnosed atraumatic splenic ruptures (ASR) may result in mortality. Methods: All consecutive adult patients who underwent emergency splenectomy due to ASR between January 01, 2015, and January 01, 2021, were reviewed.Results: 203 patients underwent splenectomy, 83 electively, 120 emergency splenectomy, and amongst them 15 for atraumatic reasons.The median age of patients with ASR was 55 years (34- 90), and 10 patients (66. 6%) were male. The most pre-existing medical diseases are heart valve replacement (n=5, 33. 3%) and diabetes mellitus (n=6, 40 %). Eight (46. 6%) patients had more than one comorbid disease. Ten patients (66. 6 %) had splenic rupture due to splenic infarction and abscess. Two patients were diagnosed with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) postoperative by histological assessment. Two patients were diagnosed with lung cancer with spleen metastasis. One patient had aortic and mitral valve replacement and was receiving an oral anticoagulant drug. The median length of hospital stay was 6 (2- 24) days and the intensive care unit stay was 2 (0- 20) days. Three patients (20%) died in hospital.Conclusion: Male sex, previous splenic infarctions, hematological malignancies, lung cancer spleen metastases, underlying cardiac diseases (valve replacement, endocarditis, atrial fibrillation) may increase the risk for ASR.
Reversibly growing crosslinked polymers with programmable sizes and properties
Authors: Aizenberg Joanna , Cui Jiaxi , Zhou Xiaozhuang , Zheng Yijun , Zhang Haohui , Yang Li , Cui Yubo , Krishnan Baiju , Dong Shihua , Aizenberg Michael , Zeng An , Hu Yuhang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Planaria can integrate external nutrients to grow or consume their bodies to degrow for adapting to environmental changes. In contrast, synthetic organic materials, especially those with crosslinked structures, are normally static and cannot post-vary their sizes and properties without compromising material mechanical performances for sustainable use. Inspired by Planaria, we here report a growing-degrowing strategy of enabling thermosetting materials to either absorb or release components for continuously changing their sizes, shapes, compositions, and a set of properties simultaneously. The strategy is based on the monomer-polymer equilibrium of networks in which supplying or removing small polymerizable components would drive the networks toward expansion or contraction. Using acid-catalyzed equilibration of siloxane as an example, we demonstrate that the size and mechanical properties of the resulting silicone materials can be significantly or finely tuned in both directions of growth and decomposition. The equilibration can be turned off to yield stable products or reactivated again. During the degrowing-growing circle, material structures are selectively varied either uniformly or heterogeneously, by the availability of fillers. Our strategy endows the materials with many appealing capabilities including environment adaptivity, self-healing, and switchability of surface morphologies, shapes, and optical properties. Since monomer-polymer equilibration exists in many polymers, we envision the expansion of the presented strategy to various systems for many applications.
Fuzzy Dynamic Parameter Adaptation in the Bird Swarm Algorithm for Neural Network Optimization
Authors: Melin Patricia , Miramontes Ivette , Carvajal Oscar , Prado-Arechiga German 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Fuzzy dynamic parameter adaptation has proven to be of great help when it is implemented in bio-inspired algorithms for optimization in different application areas, such as control, mathematical functions, classification, among others. One of the main contributions of this work is the proposed improvement of the Bird Swarm algorithm using a Fuzzy System approach, and we called this improvement the Fuzzy Bird Swarm Algorithm. Furthermore, we use a set of complex Benchmark Functions of the Congress on Evolutionary Computation Competition 2017 to compare the results between the original algorithm and the proposed improvement of the algorithm. The fuzzy system is utilized for the dynamic parameter adaptation of C1 and C2 parameters of the Bird Swarm Algorithm. As a result, the Fuzzy Bird Swarm Algorithm has enhanced exploration and exploitation abilities that help in achieving better results than the Bird Swarm Algorithm. We additionally test the algorithm's performance in a real problem in the medical area, using the optimization of a neural network to obtain the risk of developing hypertension. This neural network uses patient information, such as age, gender, body mass index, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, if the patient smokes and if the patient has parents with hypertension. Hypertension is one of the leading causes of heart problems, which in turn are also the top causes of death. Moreover, these days it causes more complications and deaths in people infected with COVID-19, the virus of the ongoing pandemic. Based on the results obtained through the 30 experiments carried out in three different study cases, and the results obtained from the statistical tests, it can be concluded that the proposed method provides better performance when compared with the original method.
B7-H4 Expression is Upregulated by PKCδ Activation and Contributes to PKCδ-Induced Cell Mobility in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Zhou Bin , Lu Youwei , Zhao Zhiming , Shi Tongguo , Wu Hongya , Chen Weichang , Zhang Liang , Zhang Xueguang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background B7-H4 is overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and plays important roles in tumour growth and immunosuppression. However, the exact mechanism that regulates B7-H4 expression remains largely unknown. Protein kinase δ (PKCδ) plays a significant role in a range of cancers, including CRC. Here, we investigated whether PKCδ regulates the expression of B7-H4 in CRC.Methods By using immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence (IF) staining, we analysed the expression of B7-H4 and phospho-PKCδ (p-PKCδ) in 225 colorectal tumour samples, and the clinical significance of these expression patterns was determined. In vitro experiments were performed with the CRC cell lines HCT116 and SW620 to detect the effect of PKCδ activation on B7-H4 expression.Results B7-H4 expression was significantly correlated with p-PKCδ expression (r=0.378, P<0.001) in tumour tissues. The co-expression of p-PKCδ and B7-H4 was significantly associ­ated with moderate/poor differentiation (P=0.024), lymph node metastasis (P=0.001) and an advanced Dukes’ stage (P=0.002). Western blot analysis showed that TPA increased B7-H4 levels in a concentration-dependent manner and rottlerin also abrogated TPA-induced B7-H4 enhancement. The expression of B7-H4 and p-STAT3 were significantly reduced by PKCδ-specific siRNA. Moreover, STAT3 inhibitor cryptotanshinone significantly decreased B7-H4 protein levels in HCT116 cells. Knockdown of B7-H4 or PKCδ expression suppressed cell migration and mobility.Conclusion B7-H4 expression was significantly correlated with p-PKCδ expression in CRC samples. B7-H4 expression was upregulated by STAT3 activation via PKCδ and played roles in PKCδ-induced cancer cell mobility and metastasis.
“Cut-Off Value of Sige To D. Pteronyssinus in Double Negative Patients Der P 1 and Der P2 and Its Clinical Repercussion”.
Authors: Letrán Antonio , García Ignacio , Espinazo-Romeu Marisa , Moreno-Aguilar Carmen , Moreno Francisco 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background Accessibility to more precise diagnostic techniques such as component resolved diagnostics (CRD), provides us with an important advance in diagnostic aspects as well as treatment. Objective The subject of this study aims to better understand the profiles of sensitization to Der p 1, Der p 2 and Der p 23 and to know to what extent their use could help us in optimizing the decision-making for their treatment with Specific Immunotherapy. Method Cross-sectional study of subjects older than 5 years, diagnosed with allergy to HDM using skin prick test and sIgE, with symptoms of rhinitis and/or asthma. Total and specific IgE was determined to D. pteronyssinus, nDer p 1, rDer p 2 and rDer p 23 using ImmunoCAP. Results 240 patients were recruited (97.1% rhinitis and 46.25% rhinitis and asthma). Four different phenotypes were observed: positive or negative for sIgE nDer p 1 and/or IgE rDer p 2. 17% of these patients sIgE were double negative for Der p 1 and Der p 2 (increasing with age and with significantly lower sIgE levels than the rest of the groups). Using ROC curves, value less than 2.18 KU A /L for D. pteronyssinus sIgE gave us a sensitivity and specificity of 0.882 and 0.985, respectively, to double negative IgE nDer p 1 and IgE rDer p 2 group. Conclusions Despite positive SPT and sIgE to D. pteronyssinus, 17% of the studied population is IgE nDer p 1 and IgE rDer p 2 double negative, with a cut-off value of 2.18 KU/ L, which is very relevant for taking of decisions in prescription of AIT. The double positive population sIgE nDer p 1 and IgE rDer p 2 is associated with asthma compared to the other groups and this does not seem to be influenced by IgE rDer p 23.
Surface Charge governs the adsorption behaviour of glyphosate in Australian Oxisol Soil System
Authors: Sharma Aman D. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Glyphosate adsorption pattern is important for determining its environmental fate. Oxisol soil systems adsorb maximum glyphosate in the presence of biochar, however, the mechanism was not known. This article provides information concerning the role of surface charge in the case of Oxisol soil systems. Batch sorption experiments were conducted at the University of Sydney, Australia. Potentiometric titrations were done to calculate the surface charge in the case of Oxisol soil systems. Maximum adsorption of glyphosate in the Oxisol soil systems in the presence of char was due to an increase in net positive surface charge. This finding is of great importance to understanding the mechanism of herbicide soil interactions.
Effect of Estrogen Receptor Expression Level and Hormonal Therapy on Prognosis of Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Yoon Kyung-Hwak , Park Yeshong , Kang Eunyoung , Kim Eun-Kyu , Kim Jee Hyun , Kim Se Hyun , Suh Koung Jin , Kim Sun Mi , Jang Mijung , Yun Bo La , Park So Yeon , Shin Hee-Chul 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
PurposeEstrogen receptor (ER) expression in breast cancer plays an essential role in carcinogenesis and disease progression. Recently, tumors with low level (1-10%) of ER expression have been separately defined as ER Low Positive (ERlow). It is suggested that ERlow tumors might be morphologically and behaviorally different from tumors with high ER expression (ERhigh).MethodsRetrospective analysis of a prospective cohort database was performed. Patients who underwent curative surgery for early breast cancer and had available medical records were included for analysis. Difference in clinicopathological characteristics, endocrine responsiveness and five-year recurrence-free survival was evaluated between different ER subgroups (ERhigh, ERlow, and ER-negative (ER-)).ResultsA total of 2162 breast cancer patients were included in the analysis, Tis and T1 stage. Among them, 1654 (76.5%) were ERhigh, 54 (2.5%) were ERlow, and 454 (21.0%) were ER- patients. ERlow cases were associated with smaller size, higher histologic grade, positive human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), negative progesterone receptor, and higher Ki-67 expression. Recurrence rate was highest in ER- tumors and was inversely proportional to ER expression. Recurrence-free survival was not affected by hormonal therapy in the ERlow group (P = 0.418).ConclusionERlow breast cancer showed distinct clinicopathological features. ERlow tumors seemed to have higher recurrence rates compared to ERhigh tumors, and they showed no significant benefit from hormonal therapy. Future large scale prospective studies are necessary to validate the treatment options for ERlow breast cancer.
TGFβ1 Improves the Proliferation of Decellularized and Aligned Skeletal Muscle in Extracellular Matrix Hydrogels by m6A Modification-Mediated Integrin Through Inducing ERK Phosphorylation
Authors: Zhu Menghai , Qin Bengang , Yi Yang , Yang Jiantao , Gu Liqiang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to illustrate the characteristics of skeletal muscle ECM hydrogels and assess the function and underlying mechanisms of hydrogels combined with TGFβ1 for the myogenesis of skeletal muscle stem cells (SkMSCs). Methods: Six methods were used to obtain extracellular matrix (ECM) from rat skeletal muscle. Hydrogel components and cytocompatibility were assessed by Masson’s trichrome staining, scanning electron microscopy, the sulfated glycosaminoglycan (s-GAG) and bFGF contents and a cell viability assay. Satellite cells were sorted, identified and seeded into skeletal muscle ECM hydrogels with TGFβ1. To determine the function of decellularized aligned skeletal muscle ECM hydrogels with TGFβ1 for the proliferation and differentiation of SkMSCs, a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) analysis and immunofluorescence staining were conducted. RNA stability assay and Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were used to further investigated the mechanism underlying the function. Results: Our study established a highly efficient method for the decellularization of skeletal muscle and fabricated an ECM hydrogel without cell components that preserves the rich ECM composition. This hydrogel formed a three-dimensional microstructure and showed good biocompatibility. We found that the decellularized aligned ECM scaffold with TGFβ1 promoted SkMSC proliferation and suppressed SkMSC differentiation through extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. Our study suggested that TGFβ1 increases the m6A methylation of the integrin mRNA 3’UTR, thereby inducing the phosphorylation of ERK and promoting SkMSCs proliferation and differentiation.Conclusions: Our study explored a highly efficient method for the decellularization of skeletal muscle and fabricated an ECM hydrogel with a three-dimensional microstructure and good biocompatibility. Furthermore, we demonstrated that decellularized aligned ECM scaffolds with TGFβ1 promoted SkMSC proliferation and differentiation through enhancing the m6A methylation of the integrin mRNA 3’UTR, which may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for the acute and chronic muscle injuries
Perceived Health Effects of Chinese Wetland Parks in the Context of COVID-19
Authors: Zhai Xuezhu , Lange Eckart 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Wetland parks are designed to support urban ecological protection, flood control and human well-being. Existing research mainly focuses on their influence on ecology and economy. However, their influence on human well-being and health is rarely studied. During the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic (Peak), people were very concerned about health, while simultaneously wetland parks which are generally considered beneficial to health were shut down. Thus, this study explores the publics’ perception of the health effects of visiting wetland parks and the impact of the pandemic on the perception. From March 5th to 8th, 2020, before the Peak in China was over, 1,400 respondents were surveyed online nationwide. It was found that generally, the public perceived physical and mental health benefits by visiting WPs, and perceived higher benefits in mental health than in physical health. The expected (i.e. imagined) perceived health benefits after the Peak were slightly higher than before the pandemic. The results highlight that wildlife habitat services were considered to be the most important ecosystem services that promote the perceived health benefits. Interestingly, health experts perceived health benefits to be lower from WPs than other groups, indicating that the health benefits of visiting WPs may be overestimated by lay-people or underestimated by health experts. The results provide empirical evidence for managing ecosystem services as delivered by these urban wetlands, in the context of COVID-19 or potential future pandemics, for promoting public health.
Serum HBV RNA Predicts HBeAg Clearance and Seroconversion in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Treated with Nucleos(t)Ide Analogues
Authors: Wang Yang , Liao Hao , Deng Zhongping , liu Yanna , bian Dandan , Ren Yan , Yu Guangxin , Jiang yingying , Bai Li , Liu Shuang , Liu Mei , Zhou Li , Chen Yu , Duan Zhongping , Zheng Sujun , Lu fengmin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the predictive value of serum HBV DNA, HBV RNA, HBcrAg, HBsAg, intrahepatic HBV DNA, and cccDNA for HBeAg clearance and seroconversion during long-term treatment of nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).Method: A single center, prospective cohort of CHB patients enrolled between June 2007 and July 2008 was used for this study. Serum HBV RNA levels were retrospectively measured at baseline, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, and 84 months post-NAs treatment. Serum HBsAg and HBcrAg levels were quantified at baseline, month 6, 60, and 72. Histological sample from liver biopsy at baseline and month 60 were analyzed for intrahepatic HBV DNA and cccDNA.Results: Eighty-three HBeAg patients were enrolled with an median follow-up time of 108 months (range 18-138 months). Of them, 53 (63.86%) patients achieved HBeAg clearance, and 37 (44.58%) achieved HBeAg seroconversion. Only baseline HBV RNA was independently associated with HBeAg clearance (OR=0.50, 95%CI 0.309-0.809, P=0.005) and seroconversion (OR=0.689, 95% CI 0.513-0.925, P=0.013). The independent negative association with HBeAg clearance and seroconversion remained for HBV RNA levels at month 6 (OR=0.42, 95%CI 0.248-0.714, P=0.001; OR=0.44, 95%CI 0.260-0.744, P=0.002) and month 12 (OR=0.39, 95%CI 0.253-0.592, P<0.001; OR=0.58, 95%CI 0.427-0.798, P=0.001). The AUC of baseline HBV RNA for predicting the HBeAg clearance and seroconversion were 0.81 (95%CI: 0.70-0.89) and 0.68 (95%CI: 0.56-0.78), respectively, higher than that of HBV DNA, HBsAg and HBcrAg.Conclusion: Lower serum HBV RNA at baseline, month 6 and 12 post NAs treatment could predict HBeAg clearance and seroconversion during long-term NAs treatment.