bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do sociodemographic variables moderate effects of an internet intervention for mild to moderate depressive symptoms? An exploratory analysis of a randomised controlled trial (EVIDENT) including 1013 participants
Authors: Nolte Sandra , Busija Ljoudmila , Berger Thomas , Meyer Björn , Moritz Steffen , Rose Matthias , Schröder Johanna , Späth-Nellissen Christina , Klein Jan Philipp 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveTo explore the moderating effects of sociodemographic variables on treatment benefits received from participating in an internet intervention for depression.DesignRandomised, assessor-blind, controlled trial.SettingOnline intervention, with participant recruitment using multiple settings, including inpatient and outpatient medical and psychological clinics, depression online forums, health insurance companies and the media (eg, newspaper, radio).ParticipantsThe EVIDENT trial included 1013 participants with mild to moderate depressive symptoms.InterventionsThe intervention group subjects (n=509) received an online intervention (Deprexis) in addition to care as usual (CAU), while 504 participants received CAU alone.MethodsTo explore subgroup differences, moderating effects were investigated using linear regression models based on intention-to-treat analyses. Moderating effects included sex, age, educational attainment, employment status, relationship status and lifetime frequency of episodes.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary endpoint was change in self-rated depression severity measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), comparing baseline versus 12-week post-test assessment. Secondary outcome measures were the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms each at 12 weeks and at 6 and 12 months, and PHQ-9 at 6 and 12 months, respectively. In this article, we focus on the primary outcome measure only.ResultsBetween-group differences were observed in post-test scores, indicating the effectiveness of Deprexis. While the effects of the intervention could be demonstrated across all subgroups, some showed larger between-group differences than others. However, after exploring the moderating effects based on linear regression models, none of the selected variables was found to be moderating treatment outcomes.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that Deprexis is equally beneficial to a wide range of people; that is, participant characteristics were not associated with treatment benefits. Therefore, participant recruitment into web-based psychotherapeutic interventions should be broad, while special attention may be paid to those currently under-represented in these interventions.Trial registration numberNCT01636752.
Self-harm among in-school and street-connected adolescents in Ghana: a cross-sectional survey in the Greater Accra region
Authors: Quarshie Emmanuel Nii-Boye , Shuweihdi Farag , Waterman Mitch , House Allan 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesTo identify the prevalence, methods, associations and reported reasons for self-harm among in-school and street-connected adolescents in Ghana.DesignA cross-sectional survey. We applied multi-level regression models and model-based cluster analysis to the data.SettingThree contexts in the Greater Accra region were used: second cycle schools, facilities of charity organisations and street census enumeration areas (sleeping places of street-connected adolescents, street corners, quiet spots of restaurants, markets, train and bus stations, and lorry and car parks).ParticipantsA regionally representative sample of 2107 (1723 in-school and 384 street-connected) adolescents aged 13–21 years.Outcome measuresParticipants responded to a structured self-report anonymous questionnaire describing their experience of self-harm and eliciting demographic information and social and personal adversities.ResultsThe lifetime prevalence of self-harm was 20.2% (95% CI 19.0% to 22.0%), 12-month prevalence was 16.6% (95% CI 15.0% to 18.0%) and 1-month prevalence was 3.1% (95% CI 2.0% to 4.0%). Self-injury alone accounted for 54.5% episodes and self-poisoning alone for 16.2% episodes, with more than one method used in 26% of episodes. Self-cutting (38.7%) was the most common form of self-injury, whereas alcohol (39.2%) and medications (27.7%) were the most commonly reported means of self-poisoning. The factors associated with self-harm were interpersonal: conflict with parents (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.87, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.81), physical abuse victimisation (aOR=1.69, 95% CI 1.16 to 2.47), difficulty in making and keeping friends (aOR=1.24, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.80), sexual abuse victimisation (aOR=1.21, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.87) and conflict between parents (aOR=1.07, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.56).ConclusionsSelf-harm is a significant public health problem among in-school and street-connected adolescents in the Greater Accra region of Ghana. Its origins are very largely in social and familial adversity, and therefore prevention and treatment measures need to be focused in these areas.
A New Solving Procedure for the Kelvin–Kirchhoff Equations in Case of a Falling Rotating Torus
Authors: Ershkov Sergey V. , Leshchenko Dmytro , Giniyatullin Ayrat R. 
Published: January 2021

We present a new solving procedure in this paper for Kelvin–Kirchhoff equations, considering the dynamics of a falling rigid rotating torus in an ideal incompressible fluid, assuming additionally the dynamical symmetry of rotation for the rotating body, [Formula: see text].The fundamental law of angular momentum conservation is used for the aforementioned solving procedure. The system of Euler equations for the dynamics of torus rotation is explored for an analytic way of presentation of the approximated solution (where we consider the case of laminar flow at slow regime of torus rotation). The second finding is that the Stokes boundary layer phenomenon on the boundaries of the torus also assumed additionally at the formulation of basic Kelvin–Kirchhoff equations (for which the analytical expressions for the components of fluid’s torque vector [Formula: see text] were obtained earlier). The results for calculating the components of angular velocity [Formula: see text] should then be used for full solving the momentum equation of Kelvin–Kirchhoff system. The trajectories of motion can be divided into, preferably, three classes: zigzagging, helical spiral motion, and the chaotic regime of oscillations.
Serine Biosynthesis Is a Metabolic Vulnerability in IDH2-Driven Breast Cancer Progression
Authors: Barnabas Georgina D. , Lee Joo Sang , Shami Tamar , Harel Michal , Beck Lir , Selitrennik Michael , Jerby-Arnon Livnat , Erez Neta , Ruppin Eytan , Geiger Tamar 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Cancer-specific metabolic phenotypes and their vulnerabilities represent a viable area of cancer research. In this study, we explored the association of breast cancer subtypes with different metabolic phenotypes and identified isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) as a key player in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and HER2. Functional assays combined with mass spectrometry–based analyses revealed the oncogenic role of IDH2 in cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, glycolysis, mitochondrial respiration, and antioxidant defense. Genome-scale metabolic modeling identified phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) and phosphoserine aminotransferase (PSAT1) as the synthetic dosage lethal (SDL) partners of IDH2. In agreement, CRISPR-Cas9 knockout of PHGDH and PSAT1 showed the essentiality of serine biosynthesis proteins in IDH2-high cells. The clinical significance of the SDL interaction was supported by patients with IDH2-high/PHGDH-low tumors, who exhibited longer survival than patients with IDH2-high/PHGDH-high tumors. Furthermore, PHGDH inhibitors were effective in treating IDH2-high cells in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, our study creates a new link between two known cancer regulators and emphasizes PHGDH as a promising target for TNBC with IDH2 overexpression.

Significance:
These findings highlight the metabolic dependence of IDH2 on the serine biosynthesis pathway, adding an important layer to the connection between TCA cycle and glycolysis, which can be translated into novel targeted therapies.
Baseline Circulating Tumor Cell Count as a Prognostic Marker of PSA Response and Disease Progression in Metastatic Castrate-Sensitive Prostate Cancer (SWOG S1216)
Authors: Goldkorn Amir , Tangen Catherine , Plets Melissa , Morrison Gareth J. , Cunha Alexander , Xu Tong , Pinski Jacek K. , Ingles Sue A. , Triche Timothy , Harzstark Andrea L. , Kohli Manish , MacVicar Gary R. , Vaena Daniel A. , Crispino Anthony W. , McConkey David J. , Lara Primo N. , Hussain Maha H.A. , Quinn David I. , Vogelzang Nicholas J. , Thompson Ian Murchie , Agarwal Neeraj 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
In metastatic castrate-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC), combined androgen axis inhibition is a standard of care. Noninvasive biomarkers that guide initial therapy decisions are needed. We hypothesized that CellSearch circulating tumor cell (CTC) count, an FDA-cleared assay in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), is a relevant biomarker in mCSPC.

Experimental Design:
SWOG S1216 is a phase III prospective randomized trial of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) combined with orteronel or bicalutamide for mCSPC. CellSearch CTC count was measured at registration (baseline). Prespecified CTC cut-off points of 0, 1–4, and ≥5 were correlated with baseline patient characteristics and, in a stratified subsample, were also correlated with two prespecified trial secondary endpoints: 7-month PSA ≤0.2 ng/mL versus 0.2–4.0 versus &gt;4.0 (intermediate endpoint for overall survival); and progression-free survival (PFS) ≤ versus &gt;2 years.

Results:
A total of 523 patients submitted baseline samples, and CTCs were detected (median 3) in 33%. Adjusting for two trial stratification factors (disease burden and timing of ADT initiation), men with undetectable CTCs had nearly nine times the odds of attaining 7-month PSA ≤ 0.2 versus &gt; 4.0 [OR 8.8, 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.7–28.6, P &lt; 0.001, N = 264] and four times the odds of achieving &gt; 2 years PFS (OR 4.0, 95% CI, 1.9–8.5, P &lt; 0.001, N = 336) compared with men with baseline CTCs ≥5.

Conclusions:
Baseline CTC count in mCSPC is highly prognostic of 7-month PSA and 2-year PFS after adjusting for disease burden and discriminates men who are likely to experience poor survival outcomes.
Noncalcific Mechanisms of Bioprosthetic Structural Valve Degeneration
Authors: Marro Matteo , Kossar Alexander P. , Xue Yingfei , Frasca Antonio , Levy Robert J. , Ferrari Giovanni 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) largely circumvent the need for long‐term anticoagulation compared with mechanical valves but are increasingly susceptible to deterioration and reduced durability with reoperation rates of ≈10% and 30% at 10 and 15 years, respectively. Structural valve degeneration is a common, unpreventable, and untreatable consequence of BHV implantation and is frequently characterized by leaflet calcification. However, 25% of BHV reoperations attributed to structural valve degeneration occur with minimal leaflet mineralization. This review discusses the noncalcific mechanisms of BHV structural valve degeneration, highlighting the putative roles and pathophysiological relationships between protein infiltration, glycation, oxidative and mechanical stress, and inflammation and the structural consequences for surgical and transcatheter BHVs.
Reversion From Pre–Diabetes Mellitus to Normoglycemia and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and All‐Cause Mortality in a Chinese Population: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Xiaoxue , Wu Shouling , Song Qiaofeng , Wang Xizhu 
Published: January 2021

Background
It is unclear whether reversion from pre–diabetes mellitus to normoglycemia reduces cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all‐cause mortality risk in a Chinese population. We aimed to fill this research gap.

Methods and Results
The current study included 14 231 Chinese participants (mean age, 58.08 years) who were free from myocardial infarction and stroke at the time of survey participation (2006–2007 and 2008–2009). Participants were divided into 3 categories according to the 2‐year changes in pre–diabetes mellitus, defined by fasting plasma glucose: those with progression to diabetes mellitus, those with reversion from pre–diabetes mellitus to normoglycemia, and those with persistent pre–diabetes mellitus. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% CIs for CVD and all‐cause mortality. After a median follow‐up period of 8.75 years, a total of 879 CVD events (including 180 myocardial infarction events and 713 stroke events) and 941 all‐cause mortality events were recorded. After adjustment for confounding factors, reversion from pre–diabetes mellitus to normoglycemia was associated with decreased risks of CVD (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64–0.96), myocardial infarction (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40–0.97), stroke (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.63–0.98), and all‐cause mortality (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.68–0.99) compared with progression to diabetes mellitus.

Conclusions
Reversion from fasting plasma glucose–defined pre–diabetes mellitus to normoglycemia was associated with a reduction in the future risk of CVD and all‐cause mortality in a Chinese population.

Registration

URL:
https://www.chictr.org
; Unique identifier: ChiCTRTNC‐11001489.
The Regime of Islands Reframed:
Authors: Schofield Clive 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The definition of islands represents a longstanding source of uncertainty under the international law of the sea, resulting in numerous disputes among coastal States. This is primarily due to the significant impacts the legal status of islands has on both their maritime entitlements and potential role in the delimitation of maritime boundaries. This study highlights the geographical diversity of islands and outlines the historical development of as well as progress towards the clarification of the legal definition of islands. The Award of the Arbitral Tribunal in the South China Sea case is examined in detail as it provides the first detailed international judicial examination and interpretation of the Regime of Islands. The definition of other types of insular features including low-tide elevations and artificial islands as well as submerged features are also addressed. Reactions to the interpretation of Article 121 by the Tribunal in the South China Sea case are explored before conclusions and considerations on the potential implications of these developments are offered.
Evaluating the Diurnal and Semidiurnal Cycle of Precipitation in CMIP6 Models Using Satellite- and Ground-Based Observations
Authors: Tang Shuaiqi , Gleckler Peter , Xie Shaocheng , Lee Jiwoo , Ahn Min-Seop , Covey Curt , Zhang Chengzhu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe diurnal and semidiurnal cycle of precipitation simulated from CMIP6 models during 1996–2005 are evaluated globally between 60°S and 60°N as well as at 10 selected locations representing three categories of diurnal cycle of precipitation: 1) afternoon precipitation over land, 2) early morning precipitation over ocean, and 3) nocturnal precipitation over land. Three satellite-based and two ground-based rainfall products are used to evaluate the climate models. Globally, the ensemble mean of CMIP6 models shows a diurnal phase of 3 to 4 h earlier over land and 1 to 2 h earlier over ocean when compared with the latest satellite products. These biases are in line with what were found in previous versions of climate models but reduced compared to the CMIP5 ensemble mean. Analysis at the selected locations complemented with in situ measurements further reinforces these results. Several CMIP6 models have shown a significant improvement in the diurnal cycle of precipitation compared to their CMIP5 counterparts, notably in delaying afternoon precipitation over land. This can be attributed to the use of more sophisticated convective parameterizations. Most models are still unable to capture the nocturnal peak associated with elevated convection and propagating mesoscale convective systems, with a few exceptions that allow convection to be initiated above the boundary layer to capture nocturnal elevated convection. We also quantify an encouraging consistency between the satellite- and ground-based precipitation measurements despite differing spatiotemporal resolutions and sampling periods, which provides confidence in using them to evaluate the diurnal and semidiurnal cycle of precipitation in climate models.
Change in the Occurrence Frequency of Landfalling and Non-Landfalling Tropical Cyclones over the Northwest Pacific
Authors: Xiao Mingzhong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the tropical cyclone (TC) activity changes in response to climate change is of great importance for disaster mitigation and climate change adaptation. Change in the annual occurrence frequency of landfalling and non-landfalling weak, strong, and super TCs during 1980–2018 was analyzed. Results indicate that the super TCs have been more likely to make landfall in the northwest Pacific since 1980. Using an empirical orthogonal function–based method proposed to decompose the space–time field of TC occurrence into different patterns, the anthropogenic influence on the change in super TC occurrence was detected when the impacts of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Pacific meridional mode (PMM), and the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO) were separated. Results further show that TCs forming in the sea surface near land (6°–21°N, 130°–137°E) have been more likely to intensify to super TCs in recent years. These intensified TCs tend to favor subsequent landfall, which may be the reason for the increase in landfalling super TCs. The intensification of TC is mainly due to the increase in the intensification rate, which increases with increased sea surface temperature (SST), especially during the stronger wind periods. Along with the change in the occurrence of landfalling super TCs, the landfalling locations of super TCs also changed. For example, western South China, Southeast China, and Japan are facing an increase in landfalling super TCs. The destructiveness of super TCs to these economically developed and highly populated regions is great; more attention therefore should be paid to mitigate TC disasters.
A Tale of Two Cities: What’s Driving the Firearm Mortality Difference in Two Large Urban Centers?
Authors: Friedman Jessica K. , Mytty Elizabeth , Ninokawa Scott , Reza Tara , Kaufman Elinore , Raza Shariq , Horwitz Ben , Asher Jeff , Taghavi Sharven , Guidry Chrissy , Duchesne Juan 
Published: January 2021

Introduction Per police data, the case fatality rate (CFR) of firearm assault in New Orleans (NO) over the last several years ranged between 27% and 35%, compared with 18%-22% in Philadelphia. The reasons for this disparity are unknown, and potentially reflect important system differences with broader implications for the reduction of firearm mortality. Methods A retrospective analysis of police and city-specific trauma databases between 2012 and 2017 was performed. Victims of firearm assaults within city limits were included. Univariate analysis was performed using chi-square for categorical and t-test for continuous variables. Bivariate analysis was conducted using logistic regression. Results Per police data, the CFR of firearm assault was 31% in NO and 20% in Philadelphia. However, per trauma registry data, the CFR of firearm assault was 14% in NO and 25% in Philadelphia. Patients in Philadelphia were older, had higher injury severity score, and lower blood pressure. Patients in NO had higher rates of head injury. 51% of patients in Philadelphia arrived via police compared to <1% in NO. There was no mortality difference between police and emergency medical service (EMS) transport. Longer EMS prehospital times were associated with increased mortality in NO but not Philadelphia. A much larger percentage of patients died on-scene in NO than Philadelphia. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the major driver of increased mortality following firearm assault in NO compared with Philadelphia is death prior to the arrival of first responders. Interventions that shorten prehospital time will likely have the greatest impact on mortality in NO. This should include the consideration of police transport.
Barriers to Obtaining a Timely Diagnosis in Human Papillomavirus–Associated Oropharynx Cancer
Authors: Karp Emily E. , Yin Linda X. , Moore Eric J. , Elias Anna J. , O’Byrne Thomas J. , Glasgow Amy E. , Habermann Elizabeth B. , Price Daniel L. , Kasperbauer Jan L. , Van Abel Kathryn M. 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveFailure to recognize symptoms of human papillomavirus–associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV(+)OPSCC) at presentation can delay diagnosis and treatment. This study aims to identify patient factors and provider patterns that contribute to delayed diagnosis.Study DesignRetrospective case series.SettingTertiary care center.MethodsPatients with HPV(+)OPSCC receiving intent‐to‐cure treatment from 2006 to 2016. Clinical data, workup, and care timelines were abstracted. Univariate and multivariable linear regressions were performed to determine associations.ResultsOf 703 included patients, 627 (89%) were male, and mean (SD) age at diagnosis was 59 (9) years. The mean (SD) delay to diagnosis was 148.8 (243.51) days, with an average delay of 63 (154.91) days from symptom onset to first presentation and 82.8 (194.25) days from first presentation to diagnosis. Most patients visited at least 2 providers (n = 546, 78%) before diagnosis and saw their primary care physician at first presentation (n = 496, 71%). The most common imaging and biopsy obtained before diagnosis was neck computed tomography (n = 391, 56%) and neck fine‐needle aspiration (n = 423, 60%), respectively. On multivariable linear regression, being a homemaker, being a current smoker, seeing 3 or more providers, and getting a magnetic resonance imaging scan were associated with significant delays in diagnosis (P <. 01, all). Treatment with antibiotics and a suspicion for HPV(+)OPSCC at first presentation were associated with decreased delays in diagnosis (P <. 01, both).ConclusionsPatient delays in seeking medical attention and provider delays in recognizing the appropriate diagnosis both contribute to delays of care in HPV(+)OPSCC. Improved patient and provider education is necessary to expedite the diagnosis of HPV(+)OPSCC.