bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation an Optimal Hydrogel of Water Shutoff for Iranian Oil Field
Authors: Moghadam Asefe Mousavi , Sefti Mohsen Vafaie , Salehi Mahsa Baghban , Naderi Hassan 
Published: May 2021

Presenting a suitable hydrogel for water shutoff in Iranian oil field is based on gelation time and gel strength. Rheological behavior of gel was the main purpose of this research. To determine the gelation time, thermal stability and gel strength a plan of bottle tests were conducted by using the central composite design method with two factors. The hydrogels composed of AN125VLM and chromium triacetate as copolymer and crosslinker, respectively were recorded for 8 weeks. Furthermore, the consistency modulus of the gels was measured by amplitude sweep tests using the Paar-Physica universal spectrometer, model MCR501. A hydrogel with 26,339 ppm concentration of copolymer and 0.12 ratio of crosslinker/copolymer and also gelation time of 2 days was selected as the optimal one. Also, it showed the maximum value of consistency modulus of 31,900 Pa among the other samples, tremendously, which showed the highest resistance against external stress. To ensure the gel strength among different effective parameters on the gel in porous media, a plan of rheological experiments were carried out. A 12 Run Plackett-Burman design was used for screening the eight parameters of NaCl, CaCl2, KCl and MgCl2 concentrations, temperature, pH, sodium lactate and nanoclay while keeping the optimal hydrogel component constant. Finally, it was found that temperature was the most effective parameter to control gelation time and also pH had negligible effect on the gelation time of this optimal gel.
Application of Systematic Approach for Fast Oil Production Enhancement-Case Studies
Authors: Motahari Seyed Mahdia , Pari Mahdi Nadri 
Published: May 2021

Full field studies and master development plans are time consuming and expensive tasks for any company to find optimum improved oil recovery method. Fast oil production enhancement is a method applied over existing assets resulting in fast increase in oil production in less expensive way. This approach consists of five steps as identification of source of production decline problem through evaluation of diagnostic tests, prioritizing different solutions for treating the problem, conceptual integrated modeling of reservoir and wells, production network optimization and economic analysis.
In this paper we elaborate and implement these five steps in an Iranian Oil Field with twenty wells. Firstly; we found that the production decline is due to poor well cleaning after stimulation and work over operation and also reservoir pressure decline leading to not having sufficient energy to push oil to the surface. Secondly; based on specifications of each well and pre-determined screening criteria; artificial lift methods were prioritized followed thirdly by conceptual modeling of first ranked artificial lift method which was electric submersible pump for first ranked wells. The fourth step was optimization of production network through sequential quadratic programming and lastly probabilistic economic analysis based on different ESP time to failure. The result of this study shows viability of application of ESP in this field in fast way.
New Development in Catalytic Reforming Process to Produce High Octane Gasoline
Authors: Sukkar Khalid A. , Abd Al-Raheem Hayam M. , Sabry Layth S. , Resym Lattif A. 
Published: May 2021

In this work, improved catalytic reforming reaction was carried out through using reaction promoters Sn, In and Ge. Four types of catalysts were prepared: Pt/HY, Pt-Sn/HY, and Pt-Sn-In/HY, and Pt-Sn-Ge/HY. The weight percentage of metals were 0.5 % for Pt and 0.1% for each of Sn, In and Ge.
The performances of catalysts (activity, selectivity and catalyst stability) were studied using Iraqi heavy naphtha of Al-Dura refinery (Baghdad) as feedstock. The catalytic reforming unit consisted of a vertical tubular stainless steel reactor of 20mm internal diameter, 30 mm external diameter and 680 mm height. The operating pressure was atmospheric, and the operating temperatures varied between 425 to 525oC. For all experimental runs: the weight hourly space velocity WHSV =2, the catalyst amount = 50 g, and H2/HC ratio =3.
The results showed that the best reforming temperature over all four types of prepared catalysts was 475 oC which gave the highest conversion of heavy naphtha to high octane products (aromatics and branched isomers). It was concluded that the trimetallic catalyst Pt-Sn-In/HY, and Pt-Sn-Ge/HY show high selectivity to desired reforming products with 91.5% and 85% respectively. On the other hand, the Pt-Sn/HY and Pt/HY, catalysts show slectivities of 79% and 74% respectively.
The results indicated a clear increase in catalyst stability with high resistance to coke formation for catalysts promoted with In and Ge as a third metal. Also, it was
noted that the production of aromatics and isomers are increased for both types of trimetallic catalysts Pt-Sn-In/HY, and Pt-Sn-Ge/HY under the same operating conditions.
Borehole Stability in Shale Formation: Modeling the Effects of Molecular Weight and Concentration of Polymers in the Drilling Fluids Formulation
Authors: A Khoshniyat , M. Shojaei , K. Jarahian , M. Mirali , S. Ghorashi , J. Aalaie , H. Moalemi 
Published: May 2021

A new experimental model was developed to predict the role of special polymeric additives, in the drilling fluid formulation, on the wellbore stability in shale formation. The shale formation was regarded as a non-ideal membrane and the effects of various characteristics of the added polymers were studied on the membrane reflection coefficient. The model was applied to unique field data from the oil field in south of Iran, including clay structure, cation exchange capacity (CEC), density and porosity of the shale. The results, using various polyglycols and polyacrylamides as the polymeric additive, showed that the structure of the polymeric chains e.g. type and content of ionic segments had significant effect on their adsorption mechanism and its strength. It was concluded that increasing the molecular weight of the polymer chains decreased the rate and amount of the adsorption due to the increasing of the entanglements between the chains which in turn limited their mobility. So, adsorption of the polymeric material on the shale had significant impress on its performance as a membrane by increasing the shale reflection coefficient enhancing its stability during drilling process. Finally, the developed model results were in good agreement by experimental test results which was done in a specific shale stability set up.
The Geomechanics and the Acoustic Anisotropy of Reservoir Rocks
Authors: Al-Yaseri Ahmed Zarzor 
Published: May 2021

Knowing the mechanical properties (Young’s modulus (E)( , Poisson’s Ratio (ν), Shear Modulus (G), Bulk modulus (K) and compressibility which is the inverse of Bulk modulus) of the rocks involve in a reservoir, are critical factors for reservoir characterization). Those properties affect a wide variety of applications into the petroleum industry; from drilling well planning and execution to production performance (sand production, compaction, subsidence, etc) passing through a wide variety of topics like wellbore stability, well completions and of course reservoir characterization. For these reasons, the knowledge of these properties is really valuable for people working in the petroleum industry and of course working in reservoir characterization.
This study was located in Berea town, Oklahoma, and it was intended to identify the geomechanical and acoustic properties of a sandstone sample. The Berea sandstone elastic properties are characterized using two methods: Quasi static and Dynamic. A detailed explanation of the sample preparation and the testing
procedure is provided. Calculation results for both methods showed consistent values for the Young’s modulus being around 3,000,000 psi. The Poisson’s Ratio value is between 0.13 and 0.3. This study was performed in the PoroMechanics Institute (PMI) in the Sarkeys Energy Center at the University of Oklahoma, USA.
Monitoring equipment was used to obtain all the information necessary for the proper characterization of the rock. The results of this work are a good tool that can be used in future simulations such as hydraulic fracturing treatment, reservoir fluid flow or reserve estimation.
Modeling of Cathodic Protection for pipe lines
Authors: Alhabobi Naseer A. , Albayati Anas Th. 
Published: May 2021

Corrosion is an international problem with more structures and materials buried in the soil. The most common and applicable technique to overcome this problem is cathodic protection.
In this work a Carbone steel pipe of length 100 cm is buried in a wooden box submerged by soil and Impressed Current Cathodic Protection system was applied using power supply and close circuit, several important factors has been studied, like Anode position (distance and depth), soil resistivity (wet and dry), condition the pipe (coated and un-coated), distribution of potential and currents along the pipe (cathode), the amount of current required to achieve cathodic protection. A mathematical model was developed to simulate the ranges of parameters and factors affecting Impressed Current Cathodic Protection (ICCP). Regression of this model to data and results yielded parameter values vary depending on the effect of the same factor.
Iraq Crude Oil Exports, Gas production Activities , Types of Oils and Asphalt, Oil Production Rates for October, November, December 2015
Authors: IRAQ Ministry of Oil / Oil Marketing Company 
Published: May 2021

Table 1.Iraq Crude Oil Exports – October 2015 Table 2.Iraq Crude Oil Exports – November 2015Table 3.Iraq Crude Oil Exports – December 2015Table 4. Gas production Activities , Types of Oils and Asphalt for October 2015 Table 5. Production and Types of Oils and Asphalt for November 2015Table 6. Production and Types of Oils and Asphalt for December 2015Table 7. crude oil production rates and crude discharge for November / 2015Table 8. Oil Production Rates for November /2015Table 9. crude oil production rates and crude discharge for December / 2015Table 10. Oil Production Rates for December /2015
Approximation numbers of matrix transformations and inclusion maps
Authors: Gupta M. , Acharya L. R. 
Published: May 2021

In this paper we establish relationships of the approximation numbers of matrix transformations acting between the vector-valued sequence spaces spaces of the type $\lambda(X)$ defined corresponding to a scalar-valued sequence space $\lambda$ and a Banach space $(X,\|.\|)$ as $$\lambda(X)=\{\overline x=\{x_i\}: x_i\in X, \forall~i\in \mathbb{N},~\{\|x_i\|_X\}\in \lambda\};$$ with those of their component operators. This study leads to a characterization of a diagonal operator to be approximable. Further, we compute the approximation numbers of inclusion maps acting between $\ell^p(X)$ spaces for $1\leq p\leq \infty$.
Coefficient estimate for a subclass of close-to-convex functionswith respect to symmetric points
Authors: Mehrok B. S. , Singh Gagandeep , Gupta Deepak 
Published: May 2021

For reals $A,B,C,D$ such that $-1\le D \le B< A\le C\le 1$, a subclass $K_s(A,B;C,D)$ of analytic functions $f(z)=z+\sum_{k=2}^\infty a_kz^k $ in the open unit disc $E=\{z:|z|<1\} $ is introduced. The object of the present paper is todetermine the coefficient estimate for functions $f(z)$ belonging tothe class $K_s(A,B;C,D)$.
Molecular Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase Resistance in Escherichia coli from Poultry Droppings in Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Tama S. C. , Ngwai Y. B. , Pennap G. R. I. , Nkene I. H. , Abimiku R. H. 
Published: May 2021

Aims: This study investigates and reports the production of extended spectrum beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli isolates in poultry droppings sourced from selected poultry farms in Karu, Nigeria
Study Design: Cross sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, between August 2019 and February 2020.
Methodology: Escherichia coli was isolated from the samples using standard cultural and microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and minimum inhibitory concentrations were evaluated as described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The detection of ESBL production in E. coli isolates was carried out using double disc synergy test. In addition, molecular detection of ESBL genes was carried out using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method.
Results: All (100%) samples collected had E. coli. Antibiotic resistances in the isolates in decreasing order were as follows: ampicillin (96.7%), streptomycin (94.4%), sulphamethoxazole /trimethoprim (87.8%), amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid (61.1%), gentamicin (52.2%), ciprofloxacin (40.0%), ceftazidime (35.6%), cefotaxime (31.1%), imipenems (22.2%), cefoxitin (13.3%). The commonest antibiotic resistant phenotype was AMP-SXT-S-CTX-CN (8.8%). Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) was observed in 92.2% (83/90) of the isolates with the common MAR indices being 0.5 (26.5%), 0.6 (19.2%), 0.4 (13.2%) and 0.9 (10.8%). Fifty nine of the eighty beta-lactam resistant isolates (73.7%) were confirmed ESBL producers. 55 of the 59 ESBL positive isolates (93.2%) carried bla genes as follows: blaSHV (50/55, 90.9%), blaTEM (31/55, 56.3%) and blaCTX-M (46/55, 83.6%). Thirty six (65.5%) of the 55 isolates carried two bla genes (blaSHV and blaTEM, blaTEM and blaCTX-M, and blaCTX-M and blaSHV).
Conclusion: The E. coli isolates showed lower resistances to cefoxitin, imipenem, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and ciprofloxacin and most isolates were MAR, with resistance to 5 antibiotics being the most predominant. In addition, blaSHV gene was the most common ESBL gene detected in the confirmed ESBL-producing E. coli isolates.
Phytochemical Screening and High-performance Thin-layer Chromatography Quantification of Vitex trifolia Leaves Hydro-alcoholic Extract: Potential Anti-inflammatory Properties
Authors: Ghafari Ahmad Tamim , Jahidin Aisyah Hasyila , Zakaria Yuslina , Hasan Mizaton Hazizul 
Published: May 2021

Aims: The present study aims to evaluate the phytochemical composition of Vitex trifolia (V. trifolia) leaves hydro-alcoholic extract and to report for the first time, its phenolic content using a validated high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method.
Study Design: Qualitative phytochemical analysis and HTLC densitometric quantitative analysis.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia, from March 2020 to December 2020.
Methodology: The preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out qualitatively. The HPTLC analysis was performed on glass-backed 60 F254 silica gel plates using a two steps gradient elution method of the mobile phase. In the first step, methanol was used to develop the plates until 40 mm of developing distance, while in the second step, plates were developed with n-hexane:ethyl acetate:acetic acid (20:9:1, v/v/v) until 80 mm of developing distance. Detection and quantification were performed by densitometric analysis at 254 nm. The method was validated as per the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guideline in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy, the limit of detection (LOD), and the limit of quantification (LOQ).
Results: The preliminary phytochemical screening of V. trifolia leaves hydro-alcoholic extract showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, phytosterols, and terpenoids. The developed HPTLC method was proved to be linear, precise, and accurate. The LOD and LOQ of the method were determined to be 2.01 µg/band and 6.08 µg/band, respectively. The total phenolic content of the extract was calculated from the standard gallic acid calibration plot and found to be 136.94 ± 4.02 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g of dried extract.
Conclusion: This preliminary study revealed that V. trifolia has a considerable amount of phenolic compounds, which can potentially contribute to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Further pharmacological investigations are being carried out to support the folkloric claims.
Counseling Practices of Pharmacists at Medical Stores/Pharmacies in Karachi Pakistan
Authors: Syed Nayel , Baig Mirza Tasawer , Arsalan Adeel , Syed Aiman , Khan Abid , Shahid Uzma , Basit Uzma , Ali Bushra Imtiaz , Khan Shahzada Azam 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Dispensing medicines means delivering complete knowledge about the medicine being dispensed to that patient. Patient’s counseling regarding their medications play a very important role to achieve the high efficacy and proper constancy on therapy. The aim of the study was to evaluate the counseling practices of pharmacist from customers’ perspective.
Methodology: This was a descriptive cross sectional study, conducted among who were selected at random at pharmacies/ medical stores, while purchasing medications for them and/or for their loved ones. The study finally included 365 patients or attendants of the patients. The data obtained were analyzed using appropriate statistical analysis through SPPS version 25.
Results: 289 (81.37%) patients were counseled when they purchased antibiotics about the completion of the therapy and to take the doses timely. Only 4 patients were told about missing a dose.
Conclusion: There were different results of candidates majority of them were satisfied with on-going pharmacy service but some were not. Candidates also told about the lack of information given by the health care professional /pharmacist prior to dispensing.
Workplace violence in nursing: A concept analysis
Authors: Al-Qadi Mahmoud Mustafa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To clarify the concept of workplace violence in nursing and propose an operational definition of the concept.

Methods
The review method used was Walker and Avant’s eight-step method.

Results
Identification of the key attributes, antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents of the concept resulted in an operational definition of the concept. The proposed operational definition identifies workplace violence experienced by nurses as any act or threat of verbal or physical violence, harassment, intimidation, or other threatening disruptive behavior that occurs at the worksite with the intention of abusing or injuring the target.

Conclusions
Developing insights into the concept will assist in the design of new research scales that can effectively measure the underlying issues, provide a framework that facilitates nursing interventions, and improve the validity of future studies.
Long working hours and burnout in health care workers: Non-linear dose-response relationship and the effect mediated by sleeping hours—A cross-sectional study
Authors: Lin Ro-Ting , Lin Yu-Ting , Hsia Ying-Fang , Kuo Chin-Chi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Burnout among health care workers is highly prevalent and has profound impact on quality of care. Hospital on-duty schedules lead to long working hours and short sleeping hours; both are common factors associated with burnout. We examined the dose-response relationship and the potential mediating role of sleeping hours on the association between working hours and burnout among health care workers.

Methods
We collected data on the burnout status, using the Mandarin version of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (subscales measure work-related and personal burnouts), working hours, sleeping hours, and relevant measures for 2081 health care personnel who underwent a routine health examination in a medical center in Taiwan during 2016-2017. Four subgroups were compared: physicians (n = 369), nurses (n = 973), technicians (n = 391), and administrators (n = 348).

Results
Average weekly working hours are associated with burnout scores in a non-linear dose-response manner. Compared with a work week of 40 hours, the odds ratio of work-related burnout doubled when hours exceeded 60, tripled when hours exceeded 74, and quadrupled when hours exceeded 84. Physicians’ burnout is less susceptible to incremental increases in working hours, compared to the situations in other health care workers. The proportions eliminated by reducing sleeping hours were 25%-73% for physicians and 7%-29% for nurses respectively.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that working hours are associated with burnout, and the association was partially mediated by sleeping hours.
Plasma lipid metabolites associate with diabetic polyneuropathy in a cohort with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Rumora Amy E. , Guo Kai , Alakwaa Fadhl M. , Andersen Signe T. , Reynolds Evan L. , Jørgensen Marit E. , Witte Daniel R. , Tankisi Hatice , Charles Morten , Savelieff Masha G. , Callaghan Brian C. , Jensen Troels S. , Feldman Eva L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe global rise in type 2 diabetes is associated with a concomitant increase in diabetic complications. Diabetic polyneuropathy is the most frequent type 2 diabetes complication and is associated with poor outcomes. The metabolic syndrome has emerged as a major risk factor for diabetic polyneuropathy; however, the metabolites associated with the metabolic syndrome that correlate with diabetic polyneuropathy are unknown.MethodsWe conducted a global metabolomics analysis on plasma samples from a subcohort of participants from the Danish arm of Anglo‐Danish‐Dutch study of Intensive Treatment of Diabetes in Primary Care (ADDITION‐Denmark) with and without diabetic polyneuropathy versus lean control participants.ResultsCompared to lean controls, type 2 diabetes participants had significantly higher HbA1c (p = 0.0028), BMI (p = 0.0004), and waist circumference (p = 0.0001), but lower total cholesterol (p = 0.0001). Out of 991 total metabolites, we identified 15 plasma metabolites that differed in type 2 diabetes participants by diabetic polyneuropathy status, including metabolites belonging to energy, lipid, and xenobiotic pathways, among others. Additionally, these metabolites correlated with alterations in plasma lipid metabolites in type 2 diabetes participants based on neuropathy status. Further evaluating all plasma lipid metabolites identified a shift in abundance, chain length, and saturation of free fatty acids in type 2 diabetes participants. Importantly, the presence of diabetic polyneuropathy impacted the abundance of plasma complex lipids, including acylcarnitines and sphingolipids.InterpretationOur explorative study suggests that diabetic polyneuropathy in type 2 diabetes is associated with novel alterations in plasma metabolites related to lipid metabolism.