bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspectives of the public dental workforce on the dental management of people with special needs
Authors: Lim MAWT , Liberali SAC , Calache H , Parashos P , Borromeo GL 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeople with special health care needs continue to have difficulties accessing regular dental care partly due to oral health professionals feeling they lack the knowledge and experience to provide treatment to these individuals.MethodsQualitative interviews and focus groups provided an insight into the types and nature of supports that oral health professionals working in the Australian public dental system desired and felt may improve their willingness and/or ability to treat patients with special needs.ResultsAlthough participants did not identify one group of patients with special needs that were more difficult to treat, they did report a feeling of being unsupported. Clinicians felt that improved training and access to ongoing education in Special Needs Dentistry, opportunities for greater support from specialists or other health professionals, either through networking or other media such as telehealth, and fostering a more supportive clinical environment, particularly in relation to appointment lengths and productivity pressures, may improve their willingness and ability to treat patients with special needs.ConclusionsAdditional support, in the form of greater interaction with specialists and reduced time and productivity pressures, may improve the willingness of oral health professionals in the public dental system to treat patients with special needs.
Cytotoxicity of different concentrations of glycolic acid and its effects on root dentin microhardness – An in vitro study
Authors: Souza Matheus A. , Bischoff Karolina F. , Rigo Bárbara D. C. , Piuco Larissa , Didoné Ana V. L. , Bertol Charise D. , Rossato‐Grando Luciana G. , Bervian Juliane , Cecchin Doglas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of different glycolic acid concentrations (GA) and its effects on dentinal microhardness. Cytotoxicity was evaluated after inoculation of test irrigants in the lymphocyte primary culture for 3 min. The tested substances were distilled water(DW); 17% EDTA; QMix; 10% GA; 17% GA; and 25% GA. Counting of total, live and dead cells was performed, obtaining the average percentage of dead cells of each group. For microhardness evaluation, 60 root dentin samples were divided into the same tested groups (n = 10) and immersed in test irrigants for 3 min. Dentin microhardness was evaluated by Vicker test. Specific statistical analysis was made in both tests. Results showed significant lower cytotoxicity for QMix and 10% GA (P < 0.05). Moreover, all test irrigants presented similar values of microhardness than the control group (P > 0.05). In conclusion, lower GA concentration can be an alternative for final irrigation on endodontics.
The impact of COVID‐19 on the quality of life of older adults receiving community‐based aged care
Authors: Siette Joyce , Dodds Laura , Seaman Karla , Wuthrich Viviana , Johnco Carly , Earl Joanne , Dawes Piers , Westbrook Johanna I. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the quality of life and social networks of older adults receiving community care services.MethodsQuality of life and social network questionnaires were completed by older adults (n = 21) receiving home care services at three time points (2018, 2019, and during the first Australian COVID‐19 lockdown in 2020). Additional questions about technology use were included in 2020.ResultsOlder adults’ quality of life significantly decreased during the pandemic compared to the prior year. During the pandemic, over 80% used technology to maintain contact with family and friends, and social networks did not change.ConclusionGovernment messages and support initiatives directed towards technology adoption among older adults receiving home care may assist with maintaining social connection during COVID‐19. Our findings add to the relatively limited understanding of the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the socio‐emotional well‐being of older people.
Heart disease in women: a narrative review
Authors: de Marvao A. , Alexander D. , Bucciarelli‐Ducci C. , Price S. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryCardiovascular disease is the worldwide leading cause of death in women. Biological differences between the sexes, a result of genetic, epigenetic and sex hormone‐mediated factors, are complex and incompletely understood. These differences are compounded by socio‐cultural factors and together account for the variation in the prevalence, presentation and natural history of cardiovascular disease between men and women. Although there is growing recognition of sex‐specific determinants of outcomes, women remain under‐represented in clinical trials, and sex‐disaggregated diagnostic and management strategies are not currently recommended in clinical guidelines. Women remain more likely to experience delays in diagnosis, to be treated less aggressively and to have worse outcomes. As a consequence, cardiovascular disease in women remains understudied, underdiagnosed and undertreated. This review will focus on female‐specific characteristics of cardiovascular disease and how these may impact on anaesthetic and peri‐operative risk assessment and care. We highlight significant differences between the sexes in the natural history of cardiovascular disease, including those disease entities that are more common in women, such as sudden coronary artery dissection or microvascular dysfunction. Given the rapidly rising incidence of maternal cardiovascular disease and associated complications, special consideration is given to the risk assessment and management of these conditions during pregnancy. Increased awareness of these issues has the potential to improve the effectiveness of the multidisciplinary heart team and ultimately improve the care provided to women.
The misogyny of iron deficiency
Authors: Dugan C. , MacLean B. , Cabolis K. , Abeysiri S. , Khong A. , Sajic M. , Richards T. ,   the Women's Health research Collaborative
Published: March 2021

SummaryAnaemia is common, particularly in women and the commonest underlying cause, iron deficiency, is often overlooked. Anaemia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing anaesthesia; however, women are defined as being anaemic at a lower haemoglobin level than men. In this narrative review, we present the history of iron deficiency anaemia and how women’s health has often been overlooked. Iron deficiency was first described as ‘chlorosis’ and a cause of ‘hysteria’ in women and initial treatment was by iron filings in cold wine. We present data of population screening demonstrating how common iron deficiency is, affecting 12–18% of apparently ‘fit and healthy’ women, with the most common cause being heavy menstrual bleeding; both conditions being often unrecognised. We describe a range of symptoms reported by women, that vary from fatigue to brain fog, hair loss and eating ice. We also describe experiments exploring the physical impact of iron deficiency, showing that reduced exercise performance is related to iron deficiency independent of haemoglobin concentration, as well as the impact of iron supplementation in women improving oxygen consumption and fitness. Overall, we demonstrate the need to single out women and investigate iron deficiency rather than accept the dogma of normality and differential treatment; this is to say, the need to change the current standard of care for women undergoing anaesthesia.
Computed tomography‐measured body composition parameters do not influence survival in non‐metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Cárcamo Leonardo , Peñailillo Eduardo , Bellolio Felipe , Miguieles Rodrigo , Urrejola Gonzalo , Zúñiga Alvaro , Molina María Elena , Larach José Tomás 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is an increasing interest in studying the impact of altered body composition parameters and colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment outcomes. The aim of this study is to explore the impact of computed tomography (CT)‐measured visceral obesity, sarcopenia and myosteatosis on survival of non‐metastatic CRC.MethodsConsecutive patients with stage I–III CRC who underwent curative‐intent treatment between January 2010 and December 2015 were included. By measuring the visceral fat area, and the skeletal muscle index and radiodensity in the pre‐operative staging CT, patients were classified as visceral obese, sarcopenic or myosteatotic. The associations between CT‐based body composition parameters and survival were assessed using log‐rank tests and a Cox regression analysis.ResultsOf 359 patients, 263 (73.3%) were visceral obese, 85 (23.7%) sarcopenic and 80 (22.3%) myosteatotic. Overall (OS), cancer‐specific (CSS) and disease‐free survivals (DFS) at 5 years were 78.8%, 84.7% and 75%, respectively. Myosteatosis and the combination of myosteatosis and visceral obesity were associated with a reduced DFS (hazard ratio 1.67; 95% confidence interval 1.06–2.61 and hazard ratio 1.85; 95% confidence interval 1.15–2.96, respectively). However, after performing a multivariate analysis including other relevant clinicopathological factors, none of the body composition parameters were associated with any long‐term outcome measures, even after stratifying by cancer stage.ConclusionsCT‐measured body composition parameters do not independently influence survival in non‐metastatic CRC. There is a need for larger cohort studies with standardized patient selection and methodology to confirm these findings.
Hepato‐pancreato‐biliary and transplant surgery experience among New Zealand general surgery trainees
Authors: Rowcroft Alistair , Joh Daniel , Pandanaboyana Sanjay , Loveday Benjamin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundSubspecialty surgery experience during general surgery training in Australasia is influenced by many factors, including duration of training, training location and the introduction of post‐fellowship training programmes. Experience in hepato‐pancreato‐biliary (HPB) and transplant surgery is part of the general surgery curriculum, although trainee experience in these subspecialties has not been quantified in this region, which is relevant to post‐fellowship training programmes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantify the HPB and transplant operative experience of New Zealand (NZ) general surgery trainees.MethodsOperative logbook data were analysed for all NZ trainees from 2013 to 2017, including procedures categorized as pancreatic, biliary, hepatic and transplant surgery only. The number of cases within each category was used to model the cumulative operative experience over a 5‐year training programme.ResultsDuring the study period, 118 trainees (303 trainee years) recorded 15 662 HPB and transplant procedures. Of these, 13 838 (88.4%) were cholecystectomies (mean cumulative experience 219.3 cases). Excluding cholecystectomy, trainees had a mean cumulative experience of 5.7 biliary, 7.5 pancreatic, 8.1 liver and 4.2 transplant procedures during their training. Transplant experience was predominantly access for peritoneal dialysis (228/260, 86.7%), with cumulative transplant experience otherwise reaching 0.47 procedures over 5 years.ConclusionExposure to HPB and transplant surgery during general surgery training in NZ is limited beyond cholecystectomy. Additional exposure during post‐fellowship training is likely required for general surgeons to practice in these subspecialties.
Effects of adding a commercial capsaicin fertilizer on the feeding behavior of sika deer (Cervus nippon)
Authors: Shiiba Yuichiroh , Takeda Ken‐ichi , Matsushima Kenichi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe investigated the inhibitory effect of capsaicin fertilizer on feeding in deer. We tested four captive adult female deer. In Experiment 1, in addition to the treatment (intact) containing only a solid feed (HC), we mixed the fertilizer not containing capsaicin (F) or the capsaicin fertilizer (CF) in the solid feed. In addition, the solid feed was put on a wire net that capsaicin fertilizer was placed 5 cm below (SCF). We investigated their feeding behavior response. In Experiment 2, we changed the amount of substance (fertilizer and capsaicin fertilizer) mixed in the HC. We mixed different amounts (0, 50, 100, and 200 g) of the treatments other than the intact with HC and presented them to the deer, and investigated their feeding behavior response. In Experiment 1, intake in the F and CF decreased (p < .05). In Experiment 2, HC intake was significantly lower in the 100 and 200 g CF (p < .05). However, HC intake relatively increased by the last day in the CF 200 g too. The capsaicin fertilizer decreased the feeding behavior of deer by directly touching the mucous membranes of the deer nose and lips. However, the effects were decreased over time.
Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma regulates genes involved in milk fat synthesis in mammary epithelial cells of water buffalo
Authors: Zhou Fangting , Ouyang Yina , Miao Yongwang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPeroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a critical transcription factor regulating lipid and glucose metabolism. However, the regulatory effect of PPARγ on milk fat synthesis in buffalo mammary gland is not clear. In order to explore the role of buffalo PPARG gene in milk fat synthesis, lentivirus‐mediated interference was used to knock it down and then the recombinant fusion expression vector was transfected into buffalo mammary epithelial cell (BMEC) to overexpress it. PPARG gene knockdown significantly decreased the expression of CD36, FABP3, FABP4, ACSS2, ELOVL6, DGAT2, BTN1A1, AGPAT6, LPIN1, ABCG2, PPARGC1A, INSIG1, FASN, and SREBF2 genes and significantly upregulated the expression of INSIG2 gene but had no significant effect on the expression of ACSL1, GPAM, and SREBF1 genes. PPARG overexpression significantly increased the relative mRNA abundance of CD36, FABP3, FABP4, ACSS2, ELOVL6, DGAT2, BTN1A1, AGPAT6, LPIN1, PPARGC1A, INSIG1, and SREBF2 genes and significantly downregulated the expression of INSIG2 gene but had no significant effect on the expression of ACSL1, GPAM, ABCG2, FASN, and SREBF1 genes. In addition, knockdown/overexpression of PPARG gene significantly decreased/increased triacylglycerol (TAG) content in BMECs. This study revealed that buffalo PPARG gene is a key gene regulating buffalo milk fat synthesis.
Profiling for the good: Patient profile tests and informed, autonomous decision making
Authors: Andreou Chrisoula 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIt is commonly held that, given multiple medically permissible ways of proceeding, each with a different impact on the patient’s future, it is extremely important, and part of respecting patient autonomy, that patients not be under substantial pressure to defer to their physicians’ presumed authority. Some, however, worry that the focus on patient autonomy can be detrimental and that, at least in cases where it is hard to grasp what it is really like to live with certain outcomes without any first‐hand or second‐hand experience, it is best if patient choice is firmly directed, or at least effectively nudged, by the recommendation of an experienced medical professional. The idea seems to be that, since physicians cannot get their patients to promptly assimilate a large amount of information and experience, physicians must, if they are to really help their patients make good decisions in hard cases, exert non‐argumentative influence on them. But this neglects an interesting possibility, namely the possibility of influencing patients by providing them with evidence regarding what decisions have proved most satisfactory for patients with their profile. Approximations of patient profile tests are already employed in medical practice. But the potential of the profile‐test approach in medical practice (and research) has been obscured by ongoing debate that neglects the significance of the approach with respect to the apparent dilemma faced by patients who need to make informed, autonomous decisions but cannot be expected to fully assimilate, in short order, the knowledge and experience of their physicians.
ITC antidumping toward China rulings: Is political factor overwhelming?
Authors: Wang Xiaosong , Hou Jack , Lin Faqin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs the U.S.–China trade deficit continues to rise, China has been at the top of the list in terms of the International Trade Commission (ITC) antidumping (AD) cases. In this paper, we ask the question whether the ITC AD prosecution is based on pure economic content or is it somewhat jaded by politics. Utilizing a Probit model, we examine the effect of a set of political and economic variables on the probability of the ITC ruling in favor of the U.S. petitioners that have filed a 731 AD lawsuit. As China has the highest number of cases brought about by U.S. petitioners, combined with the fact that China is the single largest source of the U.S. trade deficit, we also included a binary dummy variable if the case is solely against China. We find that this variable is highly significant. The only other variable that is consistently significant is the political influence of the petitioners measured by the political campaign contribution. In addition, we find that conditioned on China being the sole target, the political influence of the petitioner significantly increases the probability of a favorable ruling by the ITC. We implement a placebo test with cases toward Japan and find no evidence of the ITC's bias in ruling, thus raising the strong possibility that the United States is targeting China outside of pure economic justifications.
Histology is more ιmportant than persistent anti‐Tg antibodies for progression of differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Karapanou Olga , Saltiki Katerina , Simeakis George , Botoula Efi , Tsagarakis Stylianos , Alevizaki Maria , Vlassopoulou Barbara 
Published: March 2021

AbstractContextAnti‐thyroglobulin antibodies (anti‐Tg), present in 20%‐25% of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients, interfere with thyroglobulin measurements posing a challenge in the follow‐up.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to identify clinical‐histological factors that may affect anti‐Tg persistence and disease outcome in DTC with positive anti‐Tg.MethodsWe retrospectively studied 234 DTC patients, with positive anti‐Tg at diagnosis (females: 82.1%, age at diagnosis: 46.0 ± 14.4 yrs, median follow‐up: 5 yrs (1.5‐32 yrs). 221/234 (94.4%) received radioiodine (RAI) ablation. Patients were divided into two subgroups: those whose anti‐Tg became undetectable (anti‐Tg‐NEG) and those whose anti‐Tg remained positive (anti‐Tg‐POS) at the end of the follow‐up period.ResultsAnti‐Tg‐POS patients (n = 80, 34.2%) compared to anti‐Tg‐NEG (n = 154, 65.8%) had more frequently lymph node infiltration (36.3% vs 20.1%, P = .01), extrathyroidal extension (ETE, 35.0% vs 22.1%, P = .04), poorly differentiated DTC and increased tumour size (P ≤ .004). They received higher total RAI dose (P < .001). In most cases, additional RAI administration and/or additional surgeries did not lead to anti‐Tg elimination. These had more frequently structural disease persistence/progression compared to anti‐Tg‐NEG (remission: 78.8% vs 95.5%, persistence: 13.8% vs 3.9%, progression: 7.5% vs 0.6%, P < .001). In Kaplan‐Meier analysis, the probability of disease progression was higher in anti‐Tg‐POS. In Cox proportional hazard analysis, the predictors of disease progression were size (P = .002) and ETE (P = .006).ConclusionsWorse histological features are more frequent in patients with anti‐Tg persistence during follow‐up. Further additional RAI administration and/or surgeries do not affect anti‐Tg elimination in most cases. Anti‐Tg persistence correlates with structural persistence although tumour size and extrathyroidal extension are the main predictors of disease progression.
Individual Differences in Categorization Gradience As Predicted by Online Processing of Phonetic Cues During Spoken Word Recognition: Evidence From Eye Movements
Authors: Ou Jinghua , Yu Alan C. L. , Xiang Ming 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRecent studies have documented substantial variability among typical listeners in how gradiently they categorize speech sounds, and this variability in categorization gradience may link to how listeners weight different cues in the incoming signal. The present study tested the relationship between categorization gradience and cue weighting across two sets of English contrasts, each varying orthogonally in two acoustic dimensions. Participants performed a four‐alternative forced‐choice identification task in a visual world paradigm while their eye movements were monitored. We found that (a) greater categorization gradience derived from behavioral identification responses corresponds to larger secondary cue weights derived from eye movements; (b) the relationship between categorization gradience and secondary cue weighting is observed across cues and contrasts, suggesting that categorization gradience may be a consistent within‐individual property in speech perception; and (c) listeners who showed greater categorization gradience tend to adopt a buffered processing strategy, especially when cues arrive asynchronously in time.
E‐cigarette users are associated with asthma disease: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Xian Shaojing , Chen Yongxing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundAt present, there are more than 300 million asthma patients in the world. Electronic cigarettes (e‐cigarettes) are considered as a new way of smoking and are loved by young people. The relationship between e‐cigarettes and asthma risk is still controversial. Therefore, we conducted a meta‐analysis to explore the relationship between e‐cigarettes and asthma.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for research results published before august 2020. All data analysis was through R version 3.6.3. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots, Begg's rank correlation test, and Egger regression asymmetry tests. Most of the included studies were adjusted for potential confounding factors.ResultsThis meta found the association of e‐cigarette use with asthma, and the combined OR value was 1.27 (95% CI = 1.17–1.37). We found the significant association of current e‐cigarette usage with asthma (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.17–1.45), and the former use of e‐cigarettes also had an association with asthma (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.08–1.39). Then, when e‐cigarettes were used in combination with traditional cigarettes, the association odds with asthma was 1.47 (95% CI = 1.13–1.91), which was higher than that of users who used traditional cigarettes (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.19–1.49). In subgroup analysis, adult and female e‐cigarette users were more closely associated with asthma.ConclusionIn short, in this meta‐analysis, we found that current or former use of e‐cigarettes are associated with the prevalence of asthma. However, the specific relationship required more rigorous design for further verification.