bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes among patients with coronary artery bypass grafts presenting with acute coronary syndrome: impact of revascularization
Authors: Bews Hilary J. , Hiebert Brett , Liu Shuangbo , Ducas John , Ravandi Amir , Minhas Kunal , Kass Malek , Love Michael P. , Wijeysundera Harindra C. , Shah Ashish H. 
Published: January 2025

Background: Patients post-coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) can re-present with acute coronary syndrome (ACS); however, culprit lesion identification, as well as revascularization, is often challenging. Furthermore, the impact of revascularization in this patient group is relatively unknown. Objectives: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with previous CABG surgery presenting with ACS. Methods: Using data from the Manitoba Center for Health Policy, we identified patients treated with CABG between April 1979 and March 2018, who subsequently presented with the primary diagnosis of ACS. Patients were divided into four groups: (1) managed medically and not investigated by cardiac catheterization and (2) investigated by cardiac catheterization and treated (2a) medically, (2b) with PCI, and (2c) with redo-CABG. Inverse probability treatment-weighted survival analyses were performed. Ethical approval was obtained from the local research board. Results: Nearly 20% of patients treated with CABG presented with ACS at a median of 7.2 years (age at the time of CABG: 66 years (interquartile range: 58–73 years); 75.6% male). Patients treated with PCI ( N = 929) demonstrated improved survival compared to the patients investigated by catheterization but treated medically ( N = 952; hazard ratio 0.87, 95% confidence interval 0.77–0.97, p = 0.02). Patients who underwent redo CABG ( N = 171) experienced 13% mortality within the first year, but subsequently, demonstrated a trend toward improved survival. Conclusion: ACS is not uncommon following CABG. Revascularization is associated with prognostic improvement; however, such could be accounted for by inherent group differences, including comorbidities and coronary anatomy These findings should be validated in a prospective randomized study.
Selpercatinib in Chinese patients with RET-fusion-positive non-small-cell lung cancer: updated efficacy and safety analysis from the randomized LIBRETTO-321 phase II trial
Authors: Lu Shun , Cheng Ying , Huang Dingzhi , Sun Yuping , Wu Lin , Zhou Chengzhi , Zhou Jianying , Guo Ye , Shao Jingxin , Zhang Wanli 
Published: January 2025

Background: Selpercatinib is approved for the treatment of RET-fusion-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Objective: We present a final update on LIBRETTO-321 to enhance the understanding of long-term efficacy and safety in Chinese patients. Design: This open-label, multicenter, phase II study included patients with advanced RET-altered solid tumors. Methods: The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR), and Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1 was assessed by the independent review committee. Secondary endpoints were duration of response (DOR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), central nervous system (CNS) response, and safety. Results: A total of 47 patients (treatment-naïve ( n = 11); pre-treated ( n = 36)) with NSCLC were enrolled. The ORR in overall NSCLC was 72.3% (95% CI: 57.4, 84.4), treatment-naïve was 100.0% (95% CI: 71.5, 100.0); and pre-treated was 63.9% (95% CI: 46.2, 79.2). Median DOR was not reached for overall NSCLC, with 53% of responses ongoing at the data cutoff (median follow-up: 34.2 months). With a median follow-up of 35.9 months, the median PFS for overall NSCLC was 27.6 months (95% CI: 22.3, not evaluable (NE)), treatment-naïve was 27.6 months (95% CI: 16.4, NE), and pre-treated was 27.8 months (95% CI: 19.29, NE). The 3-year OS rate for overall NSCLC was 62.0% (95% CI: 45.9, 74.6) with a median follow-up of 38.1 months. Among five patients with measurable CNS metastases, four achieved intracranial responses. The safety profile was consistent with previous reports. Conclusion: With additional follow-up, selpercatinib showed durable responses, prolonged survival, and a consistent safety profile in Chinese patients with RET-fusion-positive NSCLC. Trial registration: Clinical Trials.gov identifier (NCT04280081).
Efficacy and safety of camrelizumab plus famitinib in patients with previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer: a single-arm, phase II trial
Authors: Gao Ming , Zhang Xia , Yan Huan , Zhao Yan , Yuan Fang , Sun Decong , Yang Xuejiao , Ju Yanfang , Wang Lijie , Tao Haitao , Tian Luyuan , Zhao Changhong , Ma Junxun , Hu Yi , Liu Zhefeng 
Published: January 2025

Background: For non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who progressed after first-line chemotherapy, immunotherapy targeting programmed cell death (ligand) 1 has shown promising activity. However, the activity is relatively limited in patients harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of camrelizumab plus famitinib in previously treated patients with locally advanced and metastatic NSCLC. Design: A single-center, single-arm, phase II study. Methods: Previously treated patients with locally advanced and metastatic NSCLC were enrolled to receive camrelizumab (200 mg, administered intravenously every 3 weeks) and famitinib (20 mg, administered orally once daily). Patients harboring EGFR mutation genes had received at least one EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor and no more than two lines of chemotherapy regimen before the enrollment. The other patients had progressed on first-line chemotherapy with or without immunotherapy before the enrollment. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR) per RECIST v1.1 by the investigator. Results: Our study encompassed 23 NSCLC patients between October 2019 and October 2022. For all patients, the confirmed ORR was 30.4%, and the disease control rate was 95.7%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 6.9 months (95% CI: 4.9 months–not reached). The median overall survival (OS) was not reached. 1- and 2-year OS rates were 85.6% (95% CI: 71.8%–100.0%) and 56.8% (95% CI: 37.7%–85.7%). Especially, for the 6 patients with EGFR genetic aberrations, the confirmed ORR was 33.3%, the median PFS was 10.3 months (95% CI: 1.8–18.8 months), and the median OS was 20.3 months (95% CI: 0.8–39.8 months). The most common grade 3 and above treatment-related adverse events were platelet count decreased, white blood cell count decreased, and hypertension. No unexpected adverse events were reported. Conclusion: Camrelizumab plus famitinib demonstrated encouraging clinical activity with a manageable safety profile in previously treated patients with locally advanced and metastatic NSCLC. The results warranted further validation. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry identifier: ChiCTR1900026641.
Mentorship in Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery: A Scoping Review
Authors: Banyi Norbert , Valenzuela Dianne , Graham M. Elise , Hu Amanda C. 
Published: January 2025

Importance Mentorship is increasingly recognized as a critical part of training across the spectrum of trainees. While explored more in-depth in the literature of other medical specialties, mentorship remains a nascent topic in the Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (OHNS) literature. Objective The objective of this study was to assess the current literature on mentorship in OHNS. Design The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines was used and the methodology was registered on Open Science Framework ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/X5FQ7 ). The Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were searched. Two authors independently selected studies, with the senior author resolving discrepancies. Study quality was assessed using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine levels of evidence. Setting and Participants English language studies employing any methodology that involved mentorship of medical trainees and staff in OHNS were included from the inception of the database up to September 20, 2023. Intervention or Exposures Any form of mentorship. Main Outcome Measure The primary outcome was the benefits of mentorship afforded to the mentee. Results From 415 unique articles identified, 45 studies were included. The median publication year was 2020 (IQR 6.5, range 1999-2023). The major themes of benefits from mentorship include improving residency uptake (n = 22), clinical competency and professionalism (n = 20), diversity and equity (n = 19), research productivity (n = 17), career planning and advancement (n = 17), and quality of life (n = 11). Other common themes included active mentorship (n = 29), near-peer mentorship (n = 13), and utilizing digital tools for mentorship (n = 6). Conclusion and Relevance Mentorship in OHNS has seen a sharp increase in publications in recent years. There are numerous benefits to mentorship including improving residency uptake, diversity initiatives, clinical competency and professionalism, research productivity, career planning and advancement, as well as quality of life.
Evaluating Failure Rates of Primary Quadriceps Tendon Repairs Across Different Surgical Techniques
Authors: Katsma Mark S. , Land Vaughn , Renfro S. Hunter , Culp Hunter , Balazs George C. 
Published: January 2025

Background: Quadriceps tendon ruptures occur infrequently in the general population. Biomechanical data suggest advantages with the use of suture anchor fixation for major tendon repair. Clinical studies of quadriceps tendon repair have been limited to small case series. Purpose: To evaluate clinical failure following primary quadriceps tendon repair with transosseous tunnel or suture anchor repair. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The Military Health System Data Repository was queried to identify all adult patients who underwent primary quadriceps tendon repair in the Military Health System between 2014 and 2018. Patients were excluded if they had incomplete records, polytrauma, open injury, prior ipsilateral total knee arthroplasty did not undergo quadriceps tendon repair, or underwent revision repair. Follow-up was obtained by manual chart review of both orthopaedic and nonorthopaedic records, recording any evidence of ongoing knee issues. Univariate analysis was performed to determine associations between potential risk factors and repair failure. Multicollinearity was assessed between potential risk factors, and candidate variables were included in multivariate logistic regression models to determine independent risk factors for repair failure. Results: Following application of inclusion/exclusion criteria, 245 knees in 234 patients were included. Mean age of the cohort was 52 years. Patients were predominantly male (223/234; 95%) and military retirees (143/234; 61%). Transosseous tunnel repair was the most frequently employed surgical technique (147/245; 60%), followed by suture anchor repair (78/245; 32%). Repair failure requiring revision surgery occurred in 11% of knees (27/245). Surgical-site infection following index surgery was associated with eventual rerupture ( P = .02). There was no difference in failure rate between transosseous tunnel repair and suture anchor repair (12.2% vs 9.0%; P = .51). Among knees undergoing suture anchor repair, no difference in failure was found between knot-tying and knotless suture anchor fixation ( P = .73). Conclusion: We observed no difference in failure of primary quadriceps tendon repair between transosseous tunnel and suture anchor repair types or between the 2 main suture anchor implant subtypes (knotless vs knot-tying anchors). A greater than previously reported rerupture rate was observed, indicating the need for continued investigation into optimal surgical techniques.
Dietary diversity and opportunistic infections among adults living with human immunodeficiency virus on antiretroviral therapy in Kumasi metropolis; a facility-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Apprey Charles , Addae Hammond Yaw , Osei Monica , Danquah Irene , Annan Reginald 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Despite advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) continue to face heightened susceptibility to opportunistic infections (OIs). Adequate nutrition remains an essential factor that positively influences disease progression and the occurrence of OIs. In Ghana, no study has evaluated the association between dietary diversity and OI occurrence among adults with HIV. This study aimed to evaluate the association between dietary diversity and the presence of OIs among HIV-positive adults receiving ART.

Methods
A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 291 HIV-positive adults receiving ART from February 2023 to April 2023 at Kumasi South Hospital, Ghana. The study participants were selected using a convenient sampling method. A pre-tested questionnaire and review of electronic health records were used to collect sociodemographic, nutritional and clinical data. Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify variables significantly associated with the study outcome and hierarchical multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between dietary diversity and the occurrence of OIs while controlling for confounders at p-value < 0.05.

Results
The mean age and dietary diversity were 46.2 ± 10.9 years and 4.0 (IQR: 3.0 to 6.0) food groups, respectively. Out of 291 respondents, 152 (52.2%) had inadequate dietary diversity and 39 (13.4%) had at least one OI. The respondents with inadequate dietary diversity were three times more likely to have an OI than their peers with adequate dietary diversity [AOR 3.03, (95% CI: 1.20 to 7.64), p = 0.019].

Conclusion
This study revealed that inadequate dietary diversity is a significant nutritional problem and dietary diversity was associated with the presence of OIs among PLWHA on ART at the study site. Hence, there is the need to enhance the intake of diversified diets based on locally available foods. This could decrease the occurrence of OIs and eventually reduce HIV-related morbidity/mortality.
Vertebral artery dissection in a patient with migraine treated with calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibody: a case report and FAERS database analysis
Authors: Tokuyasu Daiki , Imai Shungo , Chen Shih-Pin , Ihara Keiko , Watanabe Narumi , Izawa Yoshikane , Nakahara Jin , Hori Satoko , Takizawa Tsubasa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Migraine is associated with cervical artery dissection (CeAD). Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a multifunctional neuropeptide with vasodilatory effects. The use of anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies (CGRP mAb) may affect cerebrovascular disease risk; however, no reports have associated CGRP mAb with CeAD.

Case presentation and FAERS database analysis
We report a case of vertebral artery dissection in a 39-year-old woman with migraine treated with galcanezumab. We searched the number of cases where cerebral and cervical artery dissection were reported as adverse effects of CGRP mAb using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. Six and ten such cases were reported regarding galcanezumab and CGRP mAbs use, respectively. The reporting odds ratios for galcanezumab and CGRP mAbs were elevated.

Conclusion
Although migraine is reported to be associated with CeAD, the use of CGRP mAb might be related to CeAD and warrant further investigation.
Association of obesity with orbital fat expansion in thyroid eye disease
Authors: Kuo Po-Chin , Kuo Shu-Chun , Teng Yi-Shan , Lai Chun-Chieh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
To investigate the association between obesity and orbital fat expansion in proptosis of thyroid eye disease.

Methods
This observational study retrospectively enrolled 87 participants who received orbital fat decompression surgery for thyroid eye disease. Primary outcome measures included average body mass index (BMI) and the proportion of the study sample with overweight and obesity, compared with the general Taiwanese population. Secondary outcome measures included the association of obesity with proptosis severity, removed fat volume, and thyroid status.

Results
The average BMI (25.59 ± 4.36 kg/m2) of the study sample was significantly higher than that in the general population of Taiwan (24.5 kg/m2; P = 0.012). Participants with overweight (19.52 ± 3.52 mm) and obesity (21.25 ± 3.76 mm) exhibited significantly more severe proptosis than participants without overweight (18.05 ± 3.37 mm) and without obesity (18.09 ± 3.02 mm; P = 0.029 and P < 0.001, respectively). In addition, a significantly greater orbital fat volume was removed from the group with obesity (4.61 ± 1.17 ml) versus that without obesity (3.57 ± 1.12 ml; P = 0.021). A positive correlation between BMI and removed fat volume was noted (correlation coefficient = 0.291, P = 0.005). BMI was an independent factor predicting both proptosis severity (P < 0.001) and removed orbital fat volume (P = 0.02).

Conclusions
Obesity is associated with orbital fat expansion and consequently more severe proptosis in thyroid eye disease. Weight control may be a potential strategy to prevent thyroid-associated exophthalmos.
Higher risk of hydraulic dysfunction and carbohydrate depletion of declining Larix principis-rupprechtii trees
Authors: Song Huanhuan , Zhong Tianyu , Zhu Jianxiao , Yan Tao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Climate change associated with droughts has led to widespread forest decline. Hydraulic and carbon-related performances are key physiological processes for the tolerance of trees to environmental changes, yet our current understanding of such physiological performances for forest decline is still limited. Here, we investigated the hydraulic and carbohydrate performances of healthy and declining (canopy dieback) trees in temperate larch (Larix principis-rupprechtii) plantations.

Results
Relative to healthy trees, the higher native percentage loss of xylem hydraulic conductivity and lower xylem hydraulic conductivity indicated a deterioration of the integrity of the hydraulic system in declining trees. Additionally, the comparable Huber value, intrinsic water-use efficiency, and leaf mass per area between healthy and declining trees suggest a relatively profligate water-use strategy by declining trees. Declining trees had lower nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations in leaves, branches, and twigs but higher soluble sugars concentration in fine roots than conspecific healthy trees.

Conclusions
Overall, declining trees in larch plantations would be more vulnerable to drought due to the higher risk of hydraulic dysfunction and carbohydrate depletion.
Foresight for Internationalization of Medical Sciences Universities in Iran in the 2040 horizon
Authors: Ghasab Azadeh Ahmadzadeh , Heydari Majid , Arab Mohammad 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe internationalization of medical universities is confronted with various uncertainties due to environmental trends. Therefore, obtaining insight into potential future scenarios is essential for adopting exclusive and effective strategies. Accordingly, this study aims to identify future scenarios for the internationalization of Medical Sciences Universities in Iran (MSUI) in the 2040 horizon. A scenario-based strategic planning approach was employed to create and develop possible scenarios for the internationalization of Iran’s medical universities. This approach followed a four-step framework consisting of scoping, exploring, synthesizing, and scenario building. To develop the scenarios, a combination of futures study methods was employed, including a literature review, expert opinions, cross-impact analysis, morphological analysis, and balance impact analysis. Qualitative data were analyzed using framework analysis and MAXQDA software, while quantitative data were analyzed using EXCEL, MICMAC, and Scenario Wizard software. A total of 61 drivers related to the future of internationalization of medical sciences universities in Iran were identified. Key drivers such as political relations and diplomatic influence, economic sanctions, scientific supremacy, and the knowledge economy were recognized. By configuring the states of these key drivers in the 2040 horizon, a total of 81 possible scenarios were generated. Among these scenarios, 16 were assessed as plausible, with 5 of them being highly probable. These scenarios include evergreen universities, lush universities, blooming season, frost gardens, and dried-up gardens. The analysis of probable future scenarios reveals that the optimistic conditions of the driving forces outweigh those of their pessimistic counterparts, indicating that, at worst, the current situation will persist. Each university could select a probable scenario aligned with its preferred vision to implement within the study timeframe.
Investor sentiment networks: mapping connectedness in DJIA stocks
Authors: Nyakurukwa Kingstone , Seetharam Yudhvir 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study examines the connectedness of firm-level online investor sentiment using Dow Jones Industrial Average constituent stocks. Leveraging two proxies of online textual sentiment, namely news media and social media sentiment, we investigate sentiment connectedness at two levels: frequency interval and asymmetric level. Frequency connectedness dissects connectedness into short-, medium-, and long-term investing horizons, while asymmetric connectedness focuses on the transmission of positive and negative sentiment shocks on news and social media platforms. Our results reveal interesting patterns in which both news and social media sentiments demonstrate consistency in connectedness across the short-, medium-, and long-term. Regarding asymmetric connectedness, we observe that negative news sentiment has a higher connectedness than positive news sentiments.
Oncogene mutations in non-small cell lung cancer patients in Iran: a study of their association with programmed death ligand-1 expression
Authors: Abrehdari-Tafreshi Zahra , Pirestani Majid , Mosaferi Zahra , Rakhshani Nasser , Arefian Ehsan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Lung cancer is a globally pervasive and deadly disease, claiming more than 1 million lives annually. Therefore, the identification of mutations in crucial cancer-related genes is paramount for guiding optimal chemotherapy strategies. The distribution of EGFR, KRAS, ALK, and ROS1 mutations varies across diverse ethnic populations. Nonetheless, there is limited data available on the prevalence of these mutations and their correlation with PD-L1 expression among Iranian lung cancer patients.

Aim
This study involved an analysis of EGFR, KRAS, ALK, and ROS1 gene mutations in lung cancer patients, followed by an assessment of the correlation between PD-L1 expression and clinicopathological variables.

Methods
Mutational profiling was conducted by examining EGFR (exons 18–21) and KRAS (exon 2) through pyrosequencing. Detection of ALK and ROS1 rearrangements, alongside PD-L1 expression, was carried out using immunohistochemistry techniques.

Results
EGFR mutations were identified in 23.4% of cases, exhibiting a notably higher occurrence in females (p = 0.001). KRAS mutations were present in 7.1% of cases, with no significant association found between KRAS mutations and sex (p = 0.229). ALK rearrangements were found in 4.9% of cases, while ROS1 rearrangements were present in 0.6% of patients. The overall prevalence of PD-L1 protein expression was 36.85%. Notably, PD-L1 expression was detected in 24.8% of cases with EGFR mutations, 20% of cases with KRAS mutations, 64.7% of cases with ALK rearrangements, and in 100% of cases with ROS1 rearrangements.

Conclusion
Although no correlation was found between PD-L1 expression and EGFR, KRAS mutations, and ROS1 rearrangements, a noteworthy association was identified between ALK rearrangements and elevated PD-L1 expression.