bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sodium‐Ion Battery Full‐Cell Study with a Pseudocapacitive MoSe2‐Porous N‐Doped Carbon Composite Anode and Intercalated Sodium Vanadium Fluorophosphate Cathode
Authors: Roy Amlan , Sarkar Ananta , Adil Md. , Sau Supriya , Abharana N. , Mitra Sagar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite higher conductivity and larger d‐spacing (0.65 nm) of MoSe2 compare to its analogous MoS2 and higher theoretical capacity (∼422 mA h g−1) compare to commercially available graphite, it experiences high volume expansion, sheets agglomeration during cycling, which limits their capacities and high rate application. Herein, we have shown interest in MoSe2 materials as analogous to MoS2 anode and grown MoSe2 nanosheets on the nitrogen‐doped carbon followed by covered with reduced graphene oxides sheets (NC@MoSe2@rGO) composite through a simple solvothermal synthesis followed by annealing treatment. The porous NC compound could bring several advantages like, it can reserve a sufficient amount of electrolyte for easy access of Na‐ion diffusion. Increasing the conductivity by introducing the doping of nitrogen on the NC structure and simultaneously rGO can reduce the volume expansion of MoSe2 during the cyclic performance. Ex‐situ XANES and XPS technique explored the sodiation mechanism of the NC@MoSe2@rGO composite. It has been found the irreversible conversion of MoSe2 after 1st cycle by converting the discharged products of Mo and Na2Se. The NC@MoSe2@rGO anode is connected with electrolyte and a high potential Na3V2O2(PO4)2F (NVOPF) to acquire potential applications′ approval cathode material. The full‐cell delivers a voltage of operation at 2.1 V with high specific capacity of ∼176 mA h g−1 (current rate of 0.05 A g−1) with an energy density of ∼369.6 W h/kg anode at 20 °C.
Animal bone affluence in environmental reclamation: Biodiesel production, petro‐diesel biodesulfurization and wastewater photo‐treatment
Authors: Nassar Hussein N , Ismail Abdallah R , El‐Salamony Radwa A , Aboelazayem Omar , Abu Amr Salem A , El‐Gendy Nour Sh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study provides a new emphasis for research on the valorization of biowastes into nanocatalyst and biorefineries to be integrated with petroleum bioupgrading and polluted water treatment. The response surface optimized batch transesterification of waste‐frying oil using methanol and sustainable animal bone valorized fluorapatite nanocatalyst (FAP) yielded approximately 97% biodiesel via a pseudo‐second‐order reaction with an efficient rate of 0.48 (mol L−1)−1min−1 and activation energy of 13.11 kJ mol−1. In a pioneering step, by‐products of the starch industry and the biodiesel transesterification process; corn‐steep liquor (CSL 0.2 g L−1) and bioglycerol (6.24 g L−1) as nitrogen and carbon sources, increased the dibenzothiophene biodesulfurization (BDS) efficiency of a novel biodesulfurizing Rhodococcus jialingiae strain HN3 (NCBI Gene Bank Accession No. MN173539) sixfold. Further, upon the application of such bioproducts in a batch BDS process (1/3 petro‐diesel/water) of 96 h; HN3 desulfurized 82.26% of 0.62 wt.% sulfur without affecting the petro‐diesel calorific value. In an attempt to reach zero waste, an auxiliary pioneering step was performed, where the spent waste FAP, after being efficiently used for four successive transesterification cycles, was applied to photo‐remediate 4‐nitrophenol polluted water under UV‐irradiation. Advantageously, the fresh and spent waste FAP recorded the same photodegradation capabilities. Where they obeyed the Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic model (R2 ≥ 0.966) recording the same rate constants (kapp 0.032 min−1) and were efficiently reused for four successive polluted‐water treatment cycles. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Hydroxylation, Epoxidation, and Dehydrogenation of Capsaicin by a Microbial Promiscuous Cytochrome P450 105D7
Authors: Ma Bingbing , Wang Qianwen , Han Bing‐Nan , Ikeda Haruo , Zhang Chunfang , Xu Lian‐Hua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) are versatile biocatalysts, which insert a molecular oxygen into inactivated C−H bonds under mild conditions. CYP105D7 from Streptomyces avermitilis has been reported as a bacterial substrate‐promiscuous P450 which catalyzes the hydroxylation of 1‐deoxypentalenic acid, diclofenac, naringenin, compactin and steroids. In this study, CYP105D7 catalyzes hydroxylation, epoxidation and dehydrogenation of capsaicin, a pharmaceutical agent, revealing its functional diversity. The kinetic parameters of the CYP105D7 oxidation of capsaicin were determined as Km=311.60±87.30 μM and kcat=2.01±0.33 min−1. In addition, we conducted molecular docking, mutagenesis and substrate binding analysis, indicating that Arg81 plays crucial role in the capsaicin binding and catalysis. To our best knowledge, this study presents the first report to illustrate that capsaicin can be catalyzed by prokaryotic P450s.
Matrine‐Type Alkaloids from the Seeds of Sophora alopecuroides and Their Potential Anti‐inflammatory Activities
Authors: Li Jian‐Chun , Dai Wei‐Feng , Zhou Xiao‐Qiong , Rao Kai‐Rui , Zhang Zhi‐Jun , Liu Dan , Chen Xuan‐Qin , Li Rong‐Tao , Li Hong‐Mei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThree new matrine‐type alkaloids, 8β‐hydroxyoxysophoridine (1), 9β‐hydroxysophoridine (2), 9β‐hydroxyisosophocarpine (3), together with one known analog, 11,12‐dehydromatrine (4), were isolated from the seeds of Sophora alopecuroides L. The structures of new compounds were elucidated using extensive spectroscopic techniques including the experimental and calculated ECD data. The anti‐inflammatory activities of all the isolates on NO production in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide were evaluated. Among them, 8β‐hydroxyoxysophoridine (1) showed a significant inhibitory effect with an IC50 value of 18.26 μM.
Randomized trial comparing radial hemostasis techniques; catechol conjugated chitosan pad (InnoSEAL) versus pneumatic compression band
Authors: Pathan Asad Z. , Aijaz Saba , Sheikh Sana , Sattar Saadia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesPrimary objectives: to compare radial artery occlusion rate (RAO) after cardiac catheterization between catecholamine‐chitosan pad (InnoSEAL) and pneumatic compression device (PCD) and to compare difference in hemostasis time and radial monitoring termination time between two arms. Secondary objectives: to compare radial site bleeding and ease of use of two methods by cath‐lab technicians.BackgroundHemostatic pads may be an effective alternative to PCD with lesser chance of access site complications with advantage of shortened compression time.MethodsPatients (N = 606) undergoing trans‐radial, diagnostic or interventional procedures were randomized to either InnoSEAL arm or PCD. RAO was assessed using US Duplex; performed 6–24 hr posthemostatic device removal. Time to hemostasis was recorded as per defined protocols. Ease of use among cath‐lab technicians was assessed through 5 point Likert scale.ResultsData of 597 patients was analyzed (299 InnoSEAL, 298 PCD). RAO rate was 8.5% in InnoSEAL and 9.4% in PCD arm (p value >.05). The pooled median hemostasis time and time to termination of radial monitoring was 42 versus 225 min and 50 versus 240 min in InnoSEAL and PCD arms, respectively (p value: <.01). There was no difference in Grade I/II hematoma (InnoSEAL: 1.3% vs. PCD: 3.4%). InnoSEAL was marginally acceptable compared to PCD by technicians.ConclusionHemostasis time is significantly shorter in InnoSEAL arm with reasonable acceptability to its usage among cath lab staff. RAO and bleeding complications are comparable between the arms. Based on our findings, it seems feasible to include Chitosan based hemostasis pad routinely in cath lab.
Optogenetic Tools for Manipulating Protein Subcellular Localization and Intracellular Signaling at Organelle Contact Sites
Authors: Benedetti Lorena 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntracellular signaling processes are frequently based on direct interactions between proteins and organelles. A fundamental strategy to elucidate the physiological significance of such interactions is to utilize optical dimerization tools. These tools are based on the use of small proteins or domains that interact with each other upon light illumination. Optical dimerizers are particularly suitable for reproducing and interrogating a given protein‐protein interaction and for investigating a protein's intracellular role in a spatially and temporally precise manner. Described in this article are genetic engineering strategies for the generation of modular light‐activatable protein dimerization units and instructions for the preparation of optogenetic applications in mammalian cells. Detailed protocols are provided for the use of light‐tunable switches to regulate protein recruitment to intracellular compartments, induce intracellular organellar membrane tethering, and reconstitute protein function using enhanced Magnets (eMags), a recently engineered optical dimerization system. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.This article was corrected on 25 July 2022. See the end of the full text for details.Basic Protocol 1: Genetic engineering strategy for the generation of modular light‐activated protein dimerization unitsSupport Protocol 1: Molecular cloningBasic Protocol 2: Cell culture and transfectionSupport Protocol 2: Production of dark containers for optogenetic samplesBasic Protocol 3: Confocal microscopy and light‐dependent activation of the dimerization systemAlternate Protocol 1: Protein recruitment to intracellular compartmentsAlternate Protocol 2: Induction of organelles’ membrane tetheringAlternate Protocol 3: Optogenetic reconstitution of protein functionBasic Protocol 4: Image analysisSupport Protocol 3: Analysis of apparent on‐ and off‐kineticsSupport Protocol 4: Analysis of changes in organelle overlap over time
The application of optical coherence tomography angiography in Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review
Authors: Rifai Olivia M. , McGrory Sarah , Robbins Cason B. , Grewal Dilraj S. , Liu Andy , Fekrat Sharon , MacGillivray Thomas J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionDiscovering non‐invasive and easily acquired biomarkers that are conducive to the accurate diagnosis of dementia is an urgent area of ongoing clinical research. One promising approach is retinal imaging, as there is homology between retinal and cerebral vasculature. Recently, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT‐A) has emerged as a promising new technology for imaging the microvasculature of the retina.MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted to examine the application of OCT‐A in dementia.ResultsFourteen studies assessing OCT‐A in preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment, or AD were included. Exploratory meta‐analyses revealed a significant increase in the foveal avascular zone area and a significant decrease in superficial parafoveal and whole vessel density in AD, although there was significant heterogeneity between studies.DiscussionAlthough certain OCT‐A metrics may have the potential to serve as biomarkers for AD, the field requires further standardization to allow conclusions to be reached regarding their clinical utility.
Global hotspots of coherent marine fishery catches
Authors: Ong Joyce J. L. , Walter Jonathan A. , Jensen Olaf P. , Pinsky Malin L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough different fisheries can be tightly linked to each other by human and ecosystem processes, they are often managed independently. Synchronous fluctuations among fish populations or fishery catches can destabilize ecosystems and economies, respectively, but the degree of synchrony around the world remains unclear. We analyzed 1,092 marine fisheries catch time series over 60 yr to test for the presence of coherence, a form of synchrony that allows for phase‐lagged relationships. We found that nearly every fishery was coherent with at least one other fishery catch time series globally and that coherence was strongest in the northeast Atlantic, western central Pacific, and eastern Indian Ocean. Analysis of fish biomass and fishing mortality time series from these hotspots revealed that coherence in biomass or fishing mortality were both possible, though biomass coherence was more common. Most of these relationships were synchronous with no time lags, and across catches in all regions, synchrony was a better predictor of regional catch portfolio effects than catch diversity. Regions with higher synchrony had lower stability in aggregate fishery catches, which can have negative consequences for food security and economic wealth.
Uniform performance of mammal detection methods under contrasting environmental conditions in Mediterranean landscapes
Authors: Suárez‐Tangil Bruno D. , Rodríguez Alejandro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMonitoring local occupancy and the regional distribution of wild mammals is essential to guide species management and set conservation priorities. However, variables such as weather, substrate hardness, or habitat characteristics may indirectly affect the performance of the methods employed for monitoring mammal occurrence. Little information exists about the influence of spatio‐temporal factors on the performance of survey methods and its implications for mammal monitoring. Using data from a heterogeneous region in the Guadiamar River basin, SW Spain, which encompass forest, agricultural, and mosaic landscapes, we (1) explore whether four widely used detection methods, namely camera traps, scent stations, track surveys, and scat surveys, differ in efficiency; (2) test the hypothesis that spatio‐temporal factors do not affect method efficiency; and (3) examine the effect of landscape on the replication effort needed to detect target species. After controlling for variation in mammal occurrence across space and over time, the interaction between spatio‐temporal factors and detection methods was not significant. Likewise, we found a negligible influence of landscape type on the replication effort needed to detect species actually present. When compared to camera traps, scent stations, and scat surveys, track surveys were the most efficient and fastest methodology for surveying mammals in our study landscapes. Monitoring programs of mammal occurrence are often applied to broad and heterogeneous regions and/or during extended periods. Therefore, survey methods should describe not only spatio‐temporal variation in mammal abundance or activity but also maintain high detection efficiency in a variety of environmental conditions. The detection efficiency of each survey method changed little regardless of considerable environmental variation, making more reliable the marked differences between methods in their ability to detect target species. We recommend accounting for the effect of spatio‐temporal factors as potential sources of variation in order to test whether our results can be generalized and to increase the quality of large‐scale monitoring of mammal occurrence.
Do greater sage‐grouse exhibit maladaptive habitat selection?
Authors: Pratt Aaron C. , Beck Jeffrey L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMaladaptive habitat selection, where animals select habitat with reduced fitness potential or avoid otherwise suitable habitat, exacerbates the threat of population decline for species vulnerable from habitat loss and fragmentation. The greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) is a species of conservation concern for which research has identified scenarios where populations may be under the influence of maladaptive habitat selection. Our objective was to evaluate whether sage‐grouse selected habitat relative to habitat quality (i.e., ability to provide for higher survival or reproductive success), and to identify any habitat characteristics where they were not matching selection with costs and benefits, during the nesting, brood rearing, adult breeding, adult summer, and adult winter seasons. We measured an overall apparent adaptive relationship between habitat selection and survival for brood, adult breeding, and adult winter habitat. There was an overall apparent maladaptive relationship for nest and adult summer survival. Of 25 specific habitat characteristics that influenced sage‐grouse reproductive success or survival, 13 (52%) had an apparent adaptive selection relationship, 10 (40%) had an apparent maladaptive relationship, and 2 (8%) were either inconclusive or not strongly selected. Surprisingly, most (8 of 10) of the habitat characteristics we observed that were selected contrary to apparent costs or benefits were associated with environmental variables (i.e., topography and vegetation). Relative to possible maladaptive selection and anthropogenic disturbance, grouse selected for areas of higher mortality risk near minor roads during the breeding season and grouse did not select for non‐irrigated agricultural disturbance which had lower mortality risk. However, after accounting for the effects of habitat selection on all demographic rates that determine fitness, these apparent maladaptive selection effects were probably not biologically significant. The strongest evidence we observed for maladaptive habitat selection associated with anthropogenic land use was during summer when grouse were selecting for the edge of irrigated hayfields where there was higher mortality risk. To ensure the success of sage‐grouse conservation actions, we encourage further investigation identifying the mechanisms behind observed cases of apparent maladaptive selection or identifying any fitness benefits that grouse are gaining from selecting risky areas.
Phylogenetic diversity efficiently and accurately prioritizes conservation of aquatic macroinvertebrate communities
Authors: Weglarz Kathryn M. , Saunders W. Carl , Van Wagenen Andrew , Pearse William D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLand degradation is a leading cause of biodiversity loss, and understanding its consequences on freshwater ecosystems remains a priority for improving the effectiveness of restoration practices and ecosystem assessments. Freshwater monitoring programs use macroinvertebrates to assess the biotic effects of degradation and management actions, often using the ratio of observed to expected taxa at a site—O/E—for this purpose. Despite the power of the O/E approach, large amounts of data are required to generate an expectation and it can be difficult to define a threshold value for degraded sites. An alternative assessment tool is phylogenetic diversity, which is widely used in academic biology but rarely applied in management despite empirical correlations between phylogenetic diversity and management targets such as ecosystem structure and function. Here, we use macroinvertebrate data from 1400 watersheds, collected since 1998, to evaluate the potential for phylogenetic metrics to inform evaluations of management practices. These watersheds were chosen because their low disturbance levels and high habitat heterogeneity have made them problematic to assess with O/E. Phylogenetic diversity detected degradation of assemblages and was sensitive enough to parse impacts to inform management actions. This is particularly notable given the phylogenetic metrics, unlike O/E, did not require additional “baseline” data. Site disturbance and broader environmental drivers strongly predicted site phylogenetic structure, providing management objectives to increase site quality. We call on others to consider using phylogenetic diversity to complement existing O/E schemes, particularly in systems where O/E is insufficient to prioritize management objectives.
Statistical optimization of photocatalytic degradation process of methylene blue dye by SnO–TiO2–AC composite using response surface methodology
Authors: Deriase Samiha F. , El‐Salamony Radwa A. , Amdeha Enas , Al‐Sabagh Ahmed M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPhotocatalytic activity of bi‐metal oxides SnO–TiO2–AC photocatalyst was evaluated in methylene blue (MB) dye degradation In this study, a three‐level, four‐factor, D–optimal experimental design, combined with response surface methodology, was employed to optimize the photocatalytic degradation process of MB dye in a batch reactor. Effectiveness of essential process variables: light intensity (254–400 nm), initial dye concentration (100–200 ppm), photocatalyst dose (0.5–1.5 g/L), and irradiation time (1–5 h) were investigated, modeled, and optimized successfully. To determine the process efficiency, the final concentration of dye together with degradation percentage was defined as response variables. Analysis of variance indicated that the proposed quadratic polynomial models agreed with the experimental study with R2 and p‐value of 0.9211, p < 0.001 and 0.8166, p < 0.05 for a final concentration of dye and degradation percentage, respectively. Numerical optimization was carried out based on the desirability function for maximum dye removal. Accordingly, dye removal conditions resulted in light intensity, initial dye concentration, photocatalyst dose, and irradiation time of 400 nm of visible light, 100 ppm, 1.5 g/L, and 3.77 h, respectively. Under these optimal conditions, the final dye concentration and degradation percentage were 4.713 ppm and 95.28%. According to Pareto analysis, the order of the operating variables on the dye degradation efficiency was: photocatalyst does < irradiation time < light intensity < initial concentration of dye.
Strain engineering of two‐dimensional materials: Methods, properties, and applications
Authors: Yang Shengxue , Chen Yujia , Jiang Chengbao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) materials have attracted extensive research interests due to their excellent properties related to unique structure. Strain engineering, as an important strategy for tuning the lattice and electronic structure of 2D materials, has been widely used in the modulation of physical properties, which broadens their applications in flexible nanoelectronic and optoelectronic devices. In this review, we first summarize the methods of inducing strain to 2D materials and discuss the advantages and problems of various methods. We then introduce the strain‐induced effects on optical, electrical, and magnetic properties, together with the phase transition of 2D materials. Finally, we illustrate the potential applications of strained 2D materials and further look forward to their opportunities and challenges in practical applications in the future.image