bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prefledging Growth and Recruitment of Female Lesser Scaup
Authors: Messmer David J. , Warren Jeffrey M. , Deane Cody E. , Clark Robert G. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTAnnual variation in juvenile recruitment is an important component of duck population dynamics, yet little is known about the factors affecting the probability of surviving and breeding in the first year of life. Two hypothesized mechanisms to explain annual variability are indirect carry‐over effects (COEs) from conditions experienced during the prefledging period and direct effects from climatic conditions during the postfledging period. We used Cormack‐Jolly‐Seber models to estimate apparent survival and detection rates of 643 juvenile female lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) marked just prior to fledging at Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge in southwestern Montana, USA, 2010–2018. We evaluated COEs from hatch date, a hatch date × spring phenology interaction, and conspecific duckling density in addition to a direct climatic effect of winter conditions (indexed by the El Niño Southern Oscillation [ENSO]) and spring habitat conditions on the study area. We used growth data from a subset (n = 190) of known‐aged ducklings to estimate the influence of hatch date and conspecific density on prefledging growth to help identify mechanisms underlying COEs. Prefledging growth and juvenile apparent survival were negatively related to measures of conspecific duckling density. We found evidence that detection probability varied annually for juvenile (but not adult) scaup, possibly representing decisions to delay breeding and not return to or remain at the study site in their first year of life. Like with apparent survival, there was suggestive evidence that detection probability decreased with increasing duckling density in the previous year. Hatching date was weakly negatively related to detection probability, but unrelated to apparent survival, whereas neither vital rate was related to winter ENSO index. Our results are consistent with a process where density‐dependent growth rates in the prefledging period carry over to influence fitness in subsequent life‐cycle stages. If this pattern generalizes to other systems, this density COE may have important implications for our understanding of duck population dynamics and reaffirms the importance of maintaining abundant brood‐rearing habitats in conservation and management of ducks. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Optimal method for preparing sulfonated polyaryletherketones with high ion exchange capacity by acid‐catalyzed crosslinking for proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Lee Shih‐Wei , Abdi Zelalem Gudeta , Chen Jyh‐Chien , Chen Kuei‐Hsien 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSulfonated polyaryletherketones (SPAEK) bearing four sulfonic acid groups on the phenyl side groups were synthesized. The benzophenone moiety of polymer backbone was further reduced to benzydrol group with sodium borohydride. The membranes were crosslinked by acid‐catalyzed Friedel‐Crafts reaction without sacrifice of sulfonic acid groups and ion exchange capacity (IEC) values. Crosslinked membranes with the same IEC value but different water uptake could be prepared. The optimal crosslinking condition was investigated to achieve lower water uptake, better chemical stability (Fenton's test), and higher proton conductivity. In addition, the hydrophilic ionic channels from originally course and disordered could be modified to be narrow and continuous by this crosslinking method. The crosslinked membranes, CS4PH‐40‐PEKOH (IEC = 2.4 meq./g), reduced water uptake from 200 to 88% and the weight loss was reduced from 11 to 5% during the Fenton test compared to uncrosslinked one (S4PH‐40‐PEK). The membrane showed comparable proton conductivity (0.01–0.19 S/cm) to Nafion 212 at 80°C from low to high relative humidity (RH). Single H2/O2 fuel cell based on the crosslinked SPAEK with catalyst loading of 0.25 mg/cm2 (Pd/C) exhibited a peak power density of 220.3 mW/cm2, which was close to that of Nafion 212 (214.0 mW/cm2) at 80°C under 53% RH. These membranes provide a good option as proton exchange membrane with high ion exchange capacity for fuel cells.
Colour and logarithmic accuracy in final-state parton showers
Authors: Hamilton Keith , Medves Rok , Salam Gavin P. , Scyboz Ludovic , Soyez Gregory 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Standard dipole parton showers are known to yield incorrect subleading-colour contributions to the leading (double) logarithmic terms for a variety of observables. In this work, concentrating on final-state showers, we present two simple, computationally efficient prescriptions to correct this problem, exploiting a Lund-diagram type classification of emission regions. We study the resulting effective multiple-emission matrix elements generated by the shower, and discuss their impact on subleading colour contributions to leading and next-to-leading logarithms (NLL) for a range of observables. In particular we show that the new schemes give the correct full colour NLL terms for global observables and multiplicities. Subleading colour issues remain at NLL (single logarithms) for non-global observables, though one of our two schemes reproduces the correct full-colour matrix-element for any number of energy-ordered commensurate-angle pairs of emissions. While we carry out our tests within the PanScales shower framework, the schemes are sufficiently simple that it should be straightforward to implement them also in other shower frameworks.
F-theory superspace
Authors: Linch William D. , Siegel Warren 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We consider, at the linearized level, the superspace formulation of lower-dimensional F-theory. In particular, we describe the embedding of 3D Type II super-gravity of the superstring, or 4D, N = 1 supergravity of M-theory, into the corresponding F-theory in full detail, giving the linearized action and gauge transformations in terms of the prepotential. This manifestly supersymmetric formulation reveals some features not evident from a component treatment, such as Weyl and local S-supersymmetry invariances. The linearized multiplet appears as a super 3-form (just as that for the manifestly T-dual theory is a super 2-form), reflecting the embedding of M-theory (as the T-dual theory embeds Type II supergravity). We also give the embedding of matter multiplets into this superspace, and derive the F-constraint from the gauge invariance of the gauge invariance.
Graphs in the COVID-19 news: a mathematics audit of newspapers in Korea
Authors: Kwon Oh Nam , Han Chaereen , Lee Changsuk , Lee Kyungwon , Kim Kyeongjun , Jo Gyeongha , Yoon Gangwon 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVisual displays in the news media become critical during escalating events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, as they facilitate the communication of complex information to the public. This article investigates the use of graphs in Korea’s news media during the COVID-19 outbreak. We selected 12 dates that represent turning points in the outbreak of the disease and collected news stories including graphs from seven Korean daily newspapers issued on those dates. First, we analyzed the usage of graphs in COVID-19 news stories. Quantitative analysis of the types and frequency of graphs used in COVID-19 news stories and qualitative analysis of the content of news stories containing graphs were conducted. Second, we identified cases in which readers may be biased by the mathematical misuse of graphs in the news stories covering COVID-19. The implications of these findings for future teaching and learning of graph literacy in school mathematics courses are discussed.
The effect of residual stress on the stability of a circular cylindrical tube
Authors: Dorfmann Luis , Ogden Ray W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractResidual stresses in an unloaded configuration of an elastic material have a significant influence on the response of the material from that configuration, but the effect of residual stress on the stability of the material, whether loaded or unloaded, has only been addressed to a limited extent. In this paper we consider the level of residual stress that can be supported in a thick-walled circular cylindrical tube of non-linearly elastic material without loss of stability when subjected to fixed axial stretch and either internal or external pressure. In particular, we consider the tube to have radial and circumferential residual stresses, with a simple form of elastic constitutive law that accommodates the residual stress, and incremental deformations restricted to the cross section of the tube. Results are described for a tube subject to a level of (internal or external) pressure characterized by the internal azimuthal stretch. Subject to restrictions imposed by the strong ellipticity condition, the emergence of bifurcated solutions is detailed for their dependence on the level of residual stress and mode number.
Psychiatrists’ Experience of Vocational Rehabilitation for Patients with Mental Illness
Authors: Wallentin Åsa , Kinberg Emelie , Strand Jennifer , Sand Peter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore psychiatrists’ experience of vocational rehabilitation for patients with mental illness. The study employed a qualitative design to explore psychiatrists’ experience of vocational rehabilitation. Ten psychiatrists, five women and five men, 33–62 years of age (median 40), were interviewed. All of them worked with patients at Sahlgrenska University Hospital. The interviews were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. All participants considered vocational rehabilitation to be of great importance for patients’ well-being and health. The results were characterized by two opposite experiences: frustration and agency, these were the two main themes in the analysis. All narratives embraced both experiences, but some reflected more frustration and others more agency. In order for the psychiatrist to master the assignment, there is a need for further training and supervision. The psychiatrist’s role, as well as other professional roles within the team, requires clarification, and the support from rehabilitation coordinators and occupational therapists should be enhanced. There is a need for improved cooperation with external actors.
The role of response domain and scale label in the quantitative interpretation of patient-reported outcome measure response options
Authors: Peasgood Tessa , Chang Jen-Yu , Mir Robina , Mukuria Clara , Powell Philip A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Uncertainties exist in how respondents interpret response options in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), particularly across different domains and for different scale labels. The current study assessed how respondents quantitatively interpret common response options.

Methods
Members of the general public were recruited to this study via an online panel, stratified by age, gender, and having English as a first language. Participants completed background questions and were randomised to answer questions on one of three domains (i.e. loneliness (negatively phrased), happiness or activities (positively phrased)). Participants were asked to provide quantitative interpretations of response options (e.g. how many times per week is equal to “often”) and to order several common response options (e.g. occasionally, sometimes) on a 0–100 slider scale. Chi-squared tests and regression analyses were used to assess whether response options were interpreted consistently across domains and respondent characteristics.

Results
Data from 1377 participants were analysed. There was general consistency in quantifying the number of times over the last 7 days to which each response option referred. Response options were consistently assigned a lower value in the loneliness than happiness and activities domains. Individual differences, such as age and English as a second language, explained some significant variation in responses, but less than domain.

Conclusion
Members of the public quantify common response options in a similar way, but their quantification is not equivalent across domains or every type of respondent. Recommendations for the use of certain scale labels over others in PROM development are provided.
Confusion and the Role of Intuitions in the Debate on the Conception of the Right to Privacy
Authors: Lundgren Björn 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRecently, Jakob Thraine Mainz and Rasmus Uhrenfeldt defended a control-based conception of a moral right to privacy (Mainz and Uhrenfeldt, Res Publica, 2020)—focusing on conceptualizing necessary and jointly sufficient conditions for a privacy right violation. This reply comments on a number of mistakes they make, which have long reverberated through the debate on the conceptions of privacy and the right to privacy and therefore deserve to be corrected. Moreover, the reply provides a sketch of a general response for defending the limited access conception of the right to privacy against control-based intuitions.
Unmasking a health care system: the Dutch policy response to the Covid-19 crisis
Authors: Wallenburg Iris , Helderman Jan-Kees , Jeurissen Patrick , Bal Roland 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic has put policy systems to the test. In this paper, we unmask the institutionalized resilience of the Dutch health care system to pandemic crisis. Building on logics of crisis decision-making and on the notion of ‘tact’, we reveal how the Dutch government initially succeeded in orchestrating collective action through aligning public health purposes and installing socio-economic policies to soften societal impact. However, when the crisis evolved into a more enduring one, a more contested policy arena emerged in which decision-makers had a hard time composing and defending a united decision-making strategy. Measures have become increasingly debated on all policy levels as well as among experts, and conflicts are widely covered in the Dutch media. With the 2021 elections ahead, this means an additional test of the resilience of the Dutch socio-political and health care systems.
Relaxation of Tibetan Lower Crust and Afterslip Driven by the 2001 Mw7.8 Kokoxili, China, Earthquake Constrained by a Decade of Geodetic Measurements
Authors: Zhao Dezheng , Qu Chunyan , Bürgmann Roland , Gong Wenyu , Shan Xinjian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe model the time‐dependent postseismic displacements following the 2001 Mw7.8 Kokoxili earthquake, including both GPS (2001–2002 for near‐field and 2001–2010 for far‐field) and descending‐track InSAR line‐of‐sight time series (2003–2010) to study three postseismic deformation processes. The predicted deformation patterns and magnitude from poroelastic rebound are inconsistent with the geodetic observations. Far‐field postseismic deformation (>200 km from rupture) is primarily induced by upper mantle viscoelastic relaxation beneath Tibet and the Qaidam Basin and places a lower bound on transient and steady‐state viscosities on the order of 1019–1020 Pas. Shallow stress‐driven afterslip (<20 km) on the Kunlun Pass fault localizes deformation in the near‐fault area and helps explain the GPS‐measured displacement gradient across the fault. Deep stress‐driven afterslip in the downdip region of the coseismic rupture (>20 km) has an amplitude of ∼1 m during the first 3 years. Our results indicate that the consideration of deep afterslip increases our estimates of transient viscosity of the lower crust beneath Tibet and the Qaidam basin for this earthquake by as much as a factor of three. Our combined model incorporating viscoelastic relaxation and afterslip suggests that the effective transient and steady‐state viscosities in the Tibetan lower crust are 5 × 1018 Pas and 4 × 1019 Pas, respectively (transient viscosity = 2 × 1018 Pas without afterslip considered), while the effective transient and steady‐state viscosities below the Qaidam Basin area are 1 × 1019 Pas and 6 × 1019 Pas (transient viscosity = 4 × 1018 Pas without afterslip considered).
Alternative oxidase encoded by sequence-optimized and chemically-modified RNA transfected into mammalian cells is catalytically active
Authors: Giordano Luca , Aneja Manish K. , Sommer Natascha , Alebrahimdehkordi Nasim , Seraji Alireza , Weissmann Norbert , Rudolph Carsten , Plank Christian , Jacobs Howard T. , Szibor Marten 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPlants and other organisms, but not insects or vertebrates, express the auxiliary respiratory enzyme alternative oxidase (AOX) that bypasses mitochondrial respiratory complexes III and/or IV when impaired. Persistent expression of AOX from Ciona intestinalis in mammalian models has previously been shown to be effective in alleviating some metabolic stresses produced by respiratory chain inhibition while exacerbating others. This implies that chronic AOX expression may modify or disrupt metabolic signaling processes necessary to orchestrate adaptive remodeling, suggesting that its potential therapeutic use may be confined to acute pathologies, where a single course of treatment would suffice. One possible route for administering AOX transiently is AOX-encoding nucleic acid constructs. Here we demonstrate that AOX-encoding chemically-modified RNA (cmRNA), sequence-optimized for expression in mammalian cells, was able to support AOX expression in immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (iMEFs), human lung carcinoma cells (A549) and primary mouse pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). AOX protein was detectable as early as 3 h after transfection, had a half-life of ~4 days and was catalytically active, thus supporting respiration and protecting against respiratory inhibition. Our data demonstrate that AOX-encoding cmRNA optimized for use in mammalian cells represents a viable route to investigate and possibly treat mitochondrial respiratory disorders.
Charge localization and hopping in a topologically engineered graphene nanoribbon
Authors: Pereira Júnior Marcelo Lopes , de Oliveira Neto Pedro Henrique , da Silva Filho Demétrio Antônio , de Sousa Leonardo Evaristo , e Silva Geraldo Magela , Ribeiro Júnior Luiz Antônio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGraphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are promising quasi-one-dimensional materials with various technological applications. Recently, methods that allowed for the control of GNR’s topology have been developed, resulting in connected nanoribbons composed of two distinct armchair GNR families. Here, we employed an extended version of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model to study the morphological and electronic properties of these novel GNRs. Results demonstrated that charge injection leads to the formation of polarons that localize strictly in the 9-AGNRs segments of the system. Its mobility is highly impaired by the system’s topology. The polaron displaces through hopping between 9-AGNR portions of the system, suggesting this mechanism for charge transport in this material.
Micro-pulling-down growth of long YAG- and LuAG-based garnet fibres: advances and bottlenecks
Authors: Sidletskiy O. , Lebbou K. , Kofanov D. 
Published: March 2021

A technological advance in shaped μ-PD crystal growth provided us with high-quality single crystalline fibres of rare-earth garnets with the good longitudinal transparency and light attenuation length of up to 1 m.
Perspective on Organoboron Chemistry
Authors: Kong Lingbing , Cui Chunming 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOrganoboron compounds play prominent roles in structural, synthetic, and materials chemistry because boron atoms can feature electrophilic, ambiphilic, or nucleophilic character. This perspective briefly describes the most recent progress in organoboron chemistry, focusing on new boron molecules and their applications that have attracted great interest from main-group chemists. The research hotspots arising from these pioneering results are also discussed.1 Introduction2 Diboron Reagents3 Boryl Anions4 Borylenes5 Nucleophilic or Ambiphilic Boron-Containing N-Heterocycles6 Conclusions and Outlook
Use of Homeopathy in Integrative Oncology in Strasbourg, France: Multi-center Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study of Patients Undergoing Cancer Treatment
Authors: Bagot J-L , Legrand Adeline , Theunissen Ingrid 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Context The use of homeopathy in oncological supportive care seems to be progressing. The first French prevalence study, performed in 2005 in Strasbourg, showed that only 17% of the subjects were using it. What is the situation 12 years later?
Materials and Methods This is a descriptive study, using a questionnaire identical to that used in 2005, on 633 patients undergoing treatment in three anti-cancer centers in Strasbourg. The results of the “homeopathy” sub-group were extracted and studied.
Results Of the 535 patients included, 164 used homeopathy: that is 30.7%. The main purpose of its use was to reduce the side effects of cancer treatments (75%). Among the users, 82.6% were “somewhat” or “very” satisfied, against “quite” satisfied for 15.5%, and “not at all” satisfied for 1.9%. The homeopathic treatment was prescribed by a doctor in 75.6% of the cases; the general practitioner was kept informed in 87% of the cases and the oncologist in 82%. Fatigue, pain, nausea, anxiety, sadness and diarrhea were improved in 80% of the cases. However, alopecia, weight disorders and loss of libido were the least improved symptoms. The use of homeopathy was significantly associated with the female sex.
Conclusion With a prevalence of 30.7%, homeopathy is the most used complementary medicine in integrative oncology in Strasbourg. Over 12 years, we have witnessed an increase of 83% in its use in the same city. Almost all respondents declare themselves satisfied and tell their doctors more readily than in 2005.
Principles of Neural Repair and Their Application to Stroke Recovery Trials
Authors: Lin David J. , Cramer Steven C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNeural repair is the underlying therapeutic strategy for many treatments currently under investigation to improve recovery after stroke. Repair-based therapies are distinct from acute stroke strategies: instead of salvaging threatened brain tissue, the goal is to improve behavioral outcomes on the basis of experience-dependent brain plasticity. Furthermore, timing, concomitant behavioral experiences, modality specific outcome measures, and careful patient selection are fundamental concepts for stroke recovery trials that can be deduced from principles of neural repair. Here we discuss core principles of neural repair and their implications for stroke recovery trials, highlighting related issues from key studies in humans. Research suggests a future in which neural repair therapies are personalized based on measures of brain structure and function, genetics, and lifestyle factors.
Excitatory cholecystokinin neurons of the midbrain integrate diverse temporal responses and drive auditory thalamic subdomains
Authors: Kreeger Lauren J. , Connelly Catherine J. , Mehta Preeti , Zemelman Boris V. , Golding Nace L. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Our ability to identify sounds and understand communication signals depends upon our brains’ capacity to combine information about diverse sound features, including temporal patterns. The central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC) performs an initial stage of this integration, but a circuit-based understanding of these processes has been hampered by difficulties in separating clearly defined functional cell types. Here we identify and characterize a major excitatory projection neuron of the ICC. These neurons show uniform intrinsic firing patterns and tuning to frequency, but strikingly diverse temporal responses to sound. Our results suggest that diversity in temporal coding is represented even within a single cell class and is likely primarily driven by differences in circuit connectivity.