bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity of the pathogenic banana Fusarium wilt in northern Viet Nam
Authors: Thi Loan Le , Mertens Arne , Vu Dang Toan , Vu Dang Tuong , Le Anh Minh Pham , Duc Huy Nguyen , de Backer Sander , Swennen Rony , Vandelook Filip , Panis Bart , Amalfi Mario , Decock Cony , Gomes Sofia I.F. , Merckx Vincent S.F.T. , Janssens Steven B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFusarium is one of the most important fungal genera of plant pathogens that affect the cultivation of a wide range of crops. Agricultural losses caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) have a direct effect on the income, subsistence and nourishment of thousands of smallholder farmers worldwide. In addition, also commercial growers are strongly affected. For Viet Nam, predictions on the impact of Foc for the future are dramatic with an estimated loss in banana production area of 8% within the next 5 years and up to 71% within the next 25 years. In the current study we applied a combined morphological - molecular approach to assess the taxonomic identity and phylogenetic position of the different Foc isolates that were collected in northern Viet Nam. In addition, we aim to estimate the proportion of the different Fusarium races that are infecting bananas in northern Viet Nam. The morphology of the isolates was investigated by growing the collected Fusarium isolates on four distinct nutritious media (PDA, SNA, CLA, and OMA). Molecular phylogenetic relationships were inferred by sequencing partial rpb1, rpb2 and tef1a genes and adding the obtained sequences into a large phylogenetic framework. The present study showed that Foc Race 1 is the most common strain in northern Viet Nam, causing 74% of all the infections. A more in-depth molecular characterization shows that of the Foc Race 1 infections, 92% are caused by Fusarium tardichlamydosporum and 8% by F. duoseptatum. Compared to Foc Race 1, Foc TR4 (represented by F. odoratissimum) account for only 10.5% of the Fusarium wilting in northern Viet Nam demonstrating that Foc TR4 is not yet a dominant strain in the region. Foc Race 2 infections of Vietnamese bananas also account for 10.5% of the Fusarium wilting in northern Viet Nam. One of the isolates cultured from diseased bananas collected in northern Viet Nam was phylogenetically not positioned within the F. oxysporum species complex (FOSC), but in contrast fell within the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC). As a result, it is possible that a new pathogen for bananas has been found. Besides being present on several ABB ‘Tay banana’, Foc Race 1 was also found as pathogen on wild Musa lutea, showing the importance of wild bananas as possible sink for Foc.
Exploring push and pull factors for talent development and retention: implications for practice
Authors: Mutanga Justine , Kaisara Godwin , Yakobi Khulekani , Atiku Sulaiman Olusegun 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
This study explores some of the key push and pull factors to consider in talent development and retention of competent employees by businesses operating in Namibia.

Design/methodology/approach
The participants in this study comprised of randomly selected white-collar employees in Namibia. The study adopted a qualitative research approach, utilizing online focus groups to gain insights related to white-collar labor turnover and retention. Thematic content analysis was employed during the data reduction process.

Findings
The findings revealed specific push and pull factors for consideration in developing talent retention strategies in contemporary business organizations.

Originality/value
Most of the extant literature on white-collar retention and labor turnover is based on Western contexts. The findings of this study contribute to the available literature by providing a perspective from the developing world, specifically, Namibia.
Coproducing digital archives with 2SLGBTQ+ Atlantic Canadian youth amidst the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Burkholder Casey , MacEntee Katie , Mandrona April , Thorpe Amelia , Pride/Swell Pride/Swell 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThe authors explore the coproduction of a digital archive with 50 2SLGBTQ+ youth across Atlantic Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic in order to catalyze broader public participation in understanding 2SLGBTQ+ youth-led activism in this place and time through art production.Design/methodology/approachThrough a mail-based participatory visual research project and an examination of collage, zines and DIY facemasks, the authors highlight how the production, sharing and archiving of youth-produced art adds to methodological discussions of exhibiting and digital archiving with 2SLGBTQ+ youth as a form of activist intervention.FindingsIn reflexively examining the cocuration of art through social media and project website, the authors argue that coproducing digital archives is an important part of knowledge mobilization. Also, the authors consider how the work has been interacted with by a broader public, so far in an exclusively celebratory manner and note the benefits and challenges of this type of engagement to the youth and to the understandings of 2SLGBTQ+ youth archives.Originality/valueThe authors suggest that these modes of engaging in participatory visual research at a distance offer original contributions in relation to how participation can be understood in a digital and mail-based project. The authors see participant control of how to share works within digital archives as a contribution to the understanding of people's capacity to negotiate and take ownership of these spaces. These strategies are participant-centered and suggest ways that archiving can be made more accessible, especially when working with communities who are socially marginalized or otherwise excluded from the archival process.
Electrosonic statecraft
Authors: VANDERMEULEN IAN 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTOn a radio show operated by Morocco's National Broadcasting Service, listeners call in to recite the Qur’ān on air and receive critical commentary on their performance from the show's hosts. The show, called Learn Recitation of the Qur’ān, is linked politically and discursively to Morocco's broader “recitational revival” (ṣaḥwa tajwīdīyya) and to its concerns with a distinct “Moroccan” variant of Qur’ānic recitational practice. The show's on‐air pedagogical encounter is ultimately mediated by a confluence of technologies, built space, and discursive authority in the “backstage” space of the radio station's studio—producing what I call electrosonic statecraft. Yet this form of statecraft is ultimately caught between guiding the individual pedagogical progress of its subjects and expanding its community of reciters. This forces subjects to endure forms of “latency,” meaning technological interruptions or participatory deferrals that delay their pedagogical progress, rendering a “perfect” recitation, and perhaps the state itself, seemingly imminent yet always just beyond reach. [radio, media, sound, technology, statecraft, Qur’ān, Islam, Morocco]
Ruins for the future
Authors: LITTLEJOHN ANDREW 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTIn 2011 a tsunami over 20 meters high struck Japan's northeastern coastline. Along with causing close to 20,000 deaths, it destroyed many buildings, leaving behind a landscape of ruins. In the years since the disaster, various groups in Japan have interpreted these ruins as a way to work through “what went wrong.” Some pointed to local officials’ failure to properly prepare for the disaster, as well as the form of economic development that they had promoted. Others, however, particularly state officials, argued that the ruins of failed development reveal something that can be used to stimulate economic recovery and legitimize further development. Ironically, these groups mobilized the debris of “progress” to advance progress itself, complicating theories of recent ruins as “counter‐sites.” This shows that actors can construct and leverage the truth content of ruins in support of the very ideologies and processes that caused their ruination in the first place. [3.11, disaster, governance, materiality, modernity, ruination, Japan]
Reply to the comment of Schollnberger on ‘Subsidence analysis of salt tectonics‐driven carbonate minibasins’ (Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria), published on Basin Research 2020; 00: 1– 23 doi:10.1111/bre.12500
Authors: Strauss Philipp , Granado Pablo , Muñoz Josep Anton 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe subsidence analysis study presented by Strauss et al. (Basin Research, 2020, doi: 10.1111/bre.12500) for Triassic carbonate platforms located in the eastern Northern Calcareous Alps shows that salt expulsion allowed for the growth of thick isolated depocenters (>1.5 km) at rates faster than that tectonic subsidence alone can provide. In this answer to a comment by Schollnberger (Basin Research, 2021, doi: 10.1111/bre.12549) we discuss in detail the rationale behind our subsidence model and the assessment of the initial salt thickness. Excellent biostratigraphic control as well as precise knowledge of paleo‐bathymetry for most of the sedimentary record allowed to setup the subsidence model with well‐defined boundary conditions.
On‐demand treatment with the iron chelator deferasirox is ineffective in preventing blood‐induced joint damage in haemophilic mice
Authors: Pulles Astrid E. , van Vulpen Lize F. D. , Coeleveld Katja , Mastbergen Simon C. , Schutgens Roger E. G. , Lafeber Floris P. J. G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionEarly intervention in the devastating process of haemophilic arthropathy (HA) is highly desirable, but no disease‐modifying therapy is currently available. Considering the pivotal role of iron in the development of HA, iron chelation is considered a promising therapeutic approach. A previous study in haemophilic mice demonstrated that treatment with the iron chelator deferasirox (DFX) 8 weeks before joint bleed induction, attenuated cartilage damage upon blood exposure. However, in haemophilia patients this approach is not opportune given the unpredictable occurrence of hemarthroses.AimTo evaluate the effectiveness of on‐demand DFX treatment, initiated immediately after joint bleed induction.MethodsA joint bleed was induced in 66 factor VIII‐deficient mice by infra‐patellar needle puncture. Mice were randomly assigned to treatment with either placebo (drinking water) or DFX (dissolved in drinking water) throughout the study. Five weeks after joint bleed induction, inflammation and cartilage damage were assessed histologically. Joints of ten bleed naive haemophilic mice served as controls.ResultsA joint bleed resulted in significant inflammation and cartilage damage in the blood‐exposed joint compared with those of control animals, in both the placebo and DFX group (all p = <.05). No differences in tibiofemoral or patellar inflammation (p = .305 and p = .787, respectively) nor cartilage damage (p = .265 and p = .802, respectively) were found between the blood‐exposed joints of both treatment groups.ConclusionOn‐demand treatment with DFX does not prevent joint damage following blood exposure in haemophilic mice. DFX seems unable to reach the joint in time to exert its effect before the irreversible harmful process is initiated.
Estimation of neutrophil activation marker in lichen planus patients
Authors: Khattab Fathia M. , Ghonaim Rania , Samir Mai A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundLichen planus disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder of mucosal and cutaneous tissues, and its etiology and pathogenesis are unclear. Cytokines have a significant role in the beginning, the maintenance of inflammatory and intercellular crosstalk.AimWe assessed serum levels of neutrophil activation marker (calprotectin) in patients with cutaneous lichen planus with different subtypes and made a comparison with healthy individuals.Materials and MethodPeripheral blood samples of 30 cases with lichen planus were compared with 30 healthy individuals. Serum samples were prepared from LP patients, using a commercial ELISA kit, and calprotectin level was measured in each serum sample.ResultsThe serum level of calprotectin was significantly raised in LP cases compared with control (141.34 ± 17.47 ng/ml versus 40.03 ± 1.54 ng/ml respectively; p < 0.001). No correlation was recorded among of serum of calprotectin and patients’ ages, sex, disease period, and the existence or strength of pruritus. But a strong positive correlation was present between the coexistence of oral lesions and the number of locations.ConclusionCalprotectin can be used as a marker of Lichen planus severity and progression. Calprotectin may play a role in the pathogenesis of LP.
A unique disaster response in aged residential dementia care: Can the experience inform future care models?
Authors: Moir Chris , Lesa Raewyn , Ritchie Lorraine 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo understand how staff who chose to live‐in with residents in a level 3 dementia care unit perceived the experience, in particular, their perceptions of how residing on site affected resident well‐being.BackgroundCOVID‐19 has been especially devastating in aged residential care (ARC) facilities. In March 2020, when the threat became realised in New Zealand, one residential dementia care facility implemented a unique response to the imminent threat of COVID‐19. Eight staff members made the decision to live on site during the lockdown, ensuring residents’ risk of contracting the virus was significantly reduced as carers would not go outside of the facility.DesignA qualitative descriptive inquiry.MethodsSeven staff who chose to live‐in, and the facility manager, participated in semi‐structured, face‐to‐face interviews at the ARC. Audio‐recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a thematic analysis approach. COREQ guidelines were adhered to in the reporting of this study.ResultsAn overarching motif which emerged from the findings was the articulation of an ‘all in this together’ attitude which fostered feelings of camaraderie and collaboration which enhanced the experience for staff individually, and as a group. Themes identified were as follows: (a) A ‘safe’ but challenging choice, (b) Benefits for the staff and (c) Positive outcomes for the residents.ConclusionThis crisis inadvertently brought about an enhanced ‘dementia‐friendly’, person‐centred communal environment.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study identified themes that deepen our understanding of caring for vulnerable populations during a pandemic and beyond. Given the success of this ‘live‐in’ innovation, consideration must be given to applying these findings more generally when planning care models for best outcomes for residents receiving rest home level dementia care. How we care for people in disaster situations reflects the heart of the caring workforce, but such innovation may be extended to usual care where indicated.
Influence of patterns of neonatal transfers on breastfeeding outcomes
Authors: Sinclair Lynn , Spence Kaye , Galea Claire ,   NSW Neonatal Clinical Nurse Consultant Network and NICUs
Published: May 2021

AimTo investigate/evaluate the impact of hospital transfers on breastfeeding outcomes for infants requiring neonatal intensive care and to explore approaches to supporting lactation and breastfeeding.MethodsA national study of two cohorts of infants admitted to the nine neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in New South Wales (NSW) Australia using data sourced from a prospectively collected NICUS data collection.ResultsA total of 7829 infants were admitted to the nine NICUs in NSW for two 18‐month cohorts (2012/2013 and 2015/2016) and were included in the study. These infants experienced 17 238 transfers to 107 different hospitals during the study period. Multiple transfers and low gestational age were independently associated with lower breastfeeding rates at hospital discharge across both cohorts. Extremely preterm infants and those with the greatest number of hospital transfers are least likely to be breastfed at time of discharge. Breastfeeding rates remained unchanged over time. The level of lactation support varied across NICUs.ConclusionThis study highlights the challenges of establishing and maintaining breastfeeding for infants requiring intensive care who have had multiple hospital transfers for continuing or specialist care. There is wide variation in lactation support across facilities. The importance of a consistent approach, education programmes and the provision of appropriate lactation support is emphasised.
The persistence of inequality across Indian states: A time series approach
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Sanghamitra 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere is a growing literature on the importance of persistent regional inequalities in developing countries, with evidence that the lack of convergence in incomes across regions is associated with a rise in conflict and social unrest. However, there is a relative paucity of literature on the stochastic characteristics of gross domestic product at the sub‐national level. In this paper we identify new stochastic properties of Indian states' gross domestic product between 1960 and 2019 using a fractional stochastic convergence approach. We test for fractional stochastic convergence in relative incomes in order to identify high persistence and mean reversion. Interval estimates of the largest autoregressive coefficient for the relative incomes of Indian states are wide, thus including many alternatives that are persistent. Interval estimates of the half‐life of relative income shocks suggest that in several cases shocks die out within 0–10 years. Finally, we estimate a fractionally integrated model and obtain mixed evidence of mean reversion and non‐stationarity, with six out of 16 states experiencing mean reversion. These results are highly encouraging and contradict earlier studies which show long‐term divergence and polarization of regional incomes across Indian states, and are thus of great relevance to policy‐makers.
Some Properties of ID∗-n-Lie-derivations of Leibniz algebras
Authors: Biyogmam G. R. , Tcheka C. , Kamgam D. A. 
Published: May 2021

The concepts of [Formula: see text]-derivations and [Formula: see text]-central derivations have been recently presented in [G. R. Biyogmam and J. M. Casas, [Formula: see text]-central derivations, [Formula: see text]-centroids and [Formula: see text]-stem Leibniz algebras, Publ. Math. Debrecen 97(1–2) (2020) 217–239]. This paper studies the notions of [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-derivation and [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-central derivation on Leibniz algebras as generalizations of these concepts. It is shown that under some conditions, [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-central derivations of a non-Lie-Leibniz algebra [Formula: see text] coincide with [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-derivations, that is, [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-derivations in which the image is contained in the [Formula: see text]th term of the lower [Formula: see text]-central series of [Formula: see text] and vanishes on the upper [Formula: see text]-central series of [Formula: see text] We prove some properties of these [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-derivations. In particular, it is shown that the Lie algebra structure of the set of [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-derivations is preserved under [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-isoclinism.
Immunity Is Not Impunity
Authors: Khalil Mona Ali 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Chapter seeks to dispel the myth that the immunity of the United Nations amounts to impunity. Accountability is, in fact, required by the applicable law and established policy and practice of the Organization. Immunity and accountability are two co-equal pillars of the 1946 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations and the Status of Forces Agreement. While the UN does enjoy immunity from legal process, it is obliged to provide appropriate modes of settlement of private law disputes to which it is a party. In the case of Cholera in Haiti, the UN Secretariat, the other UN principal organs and UN Member States all failed to ensure respect for the obligations of the United Nations. If even one of them had fulfilled its role properly, then justice could have been done. Thus far, with the notable exception of the human rights special rapporteurs, all have failed to do so.
When Immunity Becomes Impunity
Authors: Lindstrom Beatrice 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
After a United Nations peacekeeping mission introduced cholera to Haiti in 2010, victims have struggled for over a decade to obtain remedies from the UN. Their experiences have exposed the extraordinary barriers to justice faced by civilians who suffer injuries caused by UN operations. While the UN has enjoyed absolute immunity from suit in courts where personal injury claims are typically heard, the UN is required to provide civilians harmed by its operations with alternative avenues to seek redress. In practice, however, the UN’s process for resolving such third-party claims is opaque and difficult to access, and allows the UN to be the final arbiter of its own responsibility. Particularly troubling are recent mass tort cases where financial and political interests have improperly influenced the claims process to deny remedies. This article draws on personal insights gained from advocating for victims of cholera for the past ten years, as well as the parallel experiences of Roma, Ashkali, and Egyptian victims who brought claims against the UN for lead poisoning in Kosovo. The article identifies systemic weaknesses in the UN’s third-party claims process and proposes four key reforms to bring the organization’s practice in line with its legal and moral obligations.
Eddy Length Scale Response to Static Stability Change in an Idealized Dry Atmosphere: A Linear Response Function Approach*
Authors: Chan Pak Wah , Hassanzadeh Pedram , Kuang Zhiming 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe response of mid-latitude equilibrated eddy length scale to static stability has long been questioned but not investigated in well-controlled experiments with unchanged mean zonal wind and meridional temperature gradient. With iterative use of the linear response function of an idealized dry atmosphere, we obtain a time-invariant and zonally-uniform forcing to decrease the near-surface temperature by over 2 K while keeping the change in zonal wind negligible (within 0.2m s−1). In such experiments of increased static stability, energy-containing zonal scale decreases by 3–4%, which matches with Rhines scale decrease near the jet core. Changes in Rossby radius (+2%), maximum baroclinic growth scale (-1%) and Kuo scale (0%) fail to match this change in zonal scale. These findings and well-controlled experiments help with better understanding of eddy–mean flow interactions and hence the mid-latitude circulation and its response to climate change.