bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining 150kv transmission tower route using FAHP method
Authors: Muis A , Santosa B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
PT. Vale Indonesia Tbk (PTVI) is a mineral mining company that produces nickel as its main product. PTVI requires high reliability of power supply so that it can produce nickel to the specified target. One of the important equipment to maintain the availability of electricity is the transmission tower. Failure of the transmission tower will have a disastrous effect on nickel production operations. PTVI will lose 165 MW in case of failure on the Larona transmission tower line to plant site and 200 MW on the Balambano transmission tower line to the plant site. Therefore, PTVI will build a new 150kV transmission tower line from Larona switchyard to Balambano switchyard to support the availability of sustainable electricity. The method to be used to determine the best alternative transmission tower route by considering multiple criteria is Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP). The results of each alternative are 0.477 for the North route, 0.364 for the Middle route, and 0.159 for the South route. The authors recommend the management of PT. Vale Indonesia, as the owner and operator of the hydroelectric power station, chose the north route for the planned construction of the 150kV transmission tower.
Fake News Detection Using Source Information and Bayes Classifier
Authors: Reshmi T S , Daniel Madan Raja S , Priya J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
As an information source social media is the platform used by today’s world other than television or journal. With the reach of social media in an unpredicted manner has created a lot of issues. Among them spreading of fake news is the crucial one. This paper has analysed various techniques used in fake news detection and prevention. A method for detecting fake news by using machine learning probabilistic classifier ie. Bayes classifier is proposed here. Along with Bayes classifier the source of the news is also considered for identifying fake news.
Machine learning & image processing for hand written digits and alphabets recognition from document image through MATLAB simulation
Authors: Kumar Singh Satrughan , Yadav Jainath 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Machine learning is currently playing a vital role in the next generation of the computer world. Automatic pattern recognition has become an important issue of image processing and machine learning. Handwritten digits and alphabets are not arranged in the same size, thickness, position and right direction. Therefore, to determine the issue of handwritten numerals and alphabet recognition, different classifications and complexity should be analyzed. The composition styles of different individuals affect mainly the patterns of alphabets and digits. An effective strategy is to understand the numbers and alphabets transferred from a document image and to make an orderly pattern. In this research work, a soft computing system has been developed using the MATLAB programming. This system uses machine learning algorithms that identify patterns by computerized estimation by identifying handwritten digits and alphabets from a document image. From the experimental results, we observed 96.24% average recognition accuracy of our proposed system.
Probabilistic Feature Extraction Techniques for Electrocardiogram Signal-A Review
Authors: Ramkumar M. , Ganesh Babu C. , Karthikeyani S. , Priyanka G.S. , Sarath Kumar R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Extraction of features for an ECG signal plays a vital role in making the diagnosis of most of the diseases associated with cardiac muscle as well as the different states of arrhythmias. In this study, a literature review over the comprehensive manner has been done for the probabilistic feature extraction technique of an electrocardiogram signal in making the analysis of various classification methods of ECG arrhythmia signals that has been proposed over the past years of research. The ECG arrhythmia classification methods includes few digital signal processing techniques, Fuzzy Logic techniques, Hidden Markov Model, Support Vector Machines, Genetic Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization, Artificial Neural Networks, Transductive Transfer Learning etc. with which each individual approach exhibits its own disadvantages and advantages. For diagnosing the heart’s clinical condition, Echocardiogram is considered to be an essential tool but it consumes more time for processing and analyzing the ECG rhythms which possess huge number of heart beats. Therefore, it is in the urge that the system of diagnosis has to be made automated for classifying the clinical states of heart rhythms and heart beats in making the diagnosis very accurately and in the précised manner. For analyzing the electrocardiogram signal subsequently, the fundamental characteristics in terms of features like peak amplitudes, time intervals are very much required in determining the heart functions.
Content Based Image Retrieval Using Deep Learning Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Simran Arshiya , Shijin Kumar P.S , Bachu Srinivas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) is a widely used method for image retrieval from large and unlabeled image collections. However, users are not satisfied with the traditional methods of retrieving information. Moreover the abundance of online networks for production and distribution, as well as the quantity of images accessible to consumers, continues to expand. Therefore, in many areas, permanent as well as widespread digital image processing takes place. Therefore, the rapid access to these large image databases as well as the extraction of identical images from this large set of images from a given image (Query) pose significant challenges as well as involves efficient techniques. A CBIR system’s efficiency depends fundamentally on the calculation of feature representation as well as similarity. For this purpose, they present a basic but powerful deep learning system focused on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and composed of feature extraction and classification for fast image retrieval. We get some promising findings from many detailed observational studies for a number of CBIR tasks using image database, which reveals some valuable lessons for improving the efficiency of CBIR. CBIR systems allow another image dataset to locate related images to such a query image. The search per picture function of Google search has to be the most popular CBIR method.
Analysis on Wavelet Feature and Softmax Discriminant Classifier for the detection of epilepsy
Authors: Deepa R , Rajaguru Harikumar , Ganesh Babu C 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The most frequently diagnosed brain disease is epilepsy, which is characterised by the unexpected onset of frequent seizures. The detection of epilepsy in this paper was established by using the wavelet features Haar, dB2, Symlets (Sym8) and dB4, followed by the Softmax Discriminant Classifier, which uses to detect the epilepsy from the EEG signals. The performance of the wavelet features and classifier is evaluated based on the performance index, specificity, sensitivity, precision, time delay and quality values. Amongthe wavelet features, the sym8 performs better than the other and processed further using the Softmax Discriminant Classifier, which outperforms the 90.93 percent classification accuracy, with a low time delay of 1.991s, the 72.61 percent output index, the most promising result in this work.
Domain Translation of Images Using Auto Encoders and Coupled GANs with Unsupervised Learning
Authors: Arunachalam Vigneshkumar , Rajaguru Harikumar , Krishnamoorthy Vinubama , Varadaraj Viswanathan , Ravikumar Pavithra 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Domain translation of images is nothing but learning from marginal distribution across different to obtain a joint distribution from the listed domains. But there exist a limitless number of joint distributions, but we couldn’t infer that without additional assumptions. It is nothing but changing the entire scenario of the given input image by translating and reconstructing into an entirely new image but with the key features of the input image. Here for the domain translation of images from different domains in video, we are using Coupled-GAN’s for domain translation with making use of shared latent space.
Analysis and Modeling of various Tapered Coplanar Waveguide
Authors: Nataraj B , Prabha K R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes the analysis of investigations on various tapered Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) structures to achieve increase in phase shift per unit length and the reduction in line length. The analysis of the tapered CPW is important in order to obtain the characteristic impedance and phase velocity of the transmission line. The step tapered CPW structures proposed have the center conductor, the gap/ground or both the widths varying having constant characteristic impedances for a fixed line length. The conformal mapping method is applied to the proposed tapered CPW structures to obtain the electrical parameters of the transmission line. The obtained impedance can be utilized in the design of RF circuits such as phase shifter using MEMS bridges.
Garuda Vyuha based Microstrip patch antenna structure with high-gain for dual-band wireless applications
Authors: Sampath P. , Perarasi T. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a high-gain dual-band planar Microstrip patch antenna is designed to work at two different frequencies namely 5.6GHz and 7.4GHz. The antenna structure is in the form of Garuda Vyuha and has high directivity. The results propose that the Garuda Vyuha based antenna structure has very low profile and good polarization characteristics. The proposed antenna structure is simulated using ADS software and from the simulated results, the return loss is -15.094dB at 5.681GHz and -12.371dB at 7.337GHz. The Antenna operates at a bandwidth of 22MHz at 5.6GHz and 41MHZ at 7.4GHz. The Antenna provides a directivity of 5.921 at 5.6GHz and 6.2 at 7.4GHz. This antenna structure can be used for dual band applications in Wireless systems operating in these bands.
A New Architecture for Transformation of Binary to Double Base Number System (DBNS) with Bases 2 and 5 using Different Search Algorithms
Authors: Singha Satrughna , Sinha Amitabha 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper a new architecture for the transformation of binary to double base number system (DBNS) with bases 2 and 5 using different search algorithms has been presented. Nowadays the DBNS is becoming popular among the other non-binary number systems for their competences of carrying out multiplication operation proficiently. The DBNS has the major problem which is associated with this number system is the transformation from binary data to DBNS data despite the various advantages of the DBNS. A number of schemes are there to transform the binary number into the DBNS. By observing these matters a new transformation scheme has been presented for the transformation of binary data into a single index pair (i.e., singledigit) DBNS data with bases 2 and 5.
Ultra-Low Power Memory Circuit Unit for Space Application
Authors: Karthi S.P. , Kavitha K. , Babu Ganesh , Dinesh Kumar J R , Visvesvaran C , Girinath N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In VLSI design power dissipation is an important factor in micro and nano VLSI design. For Space applications, Circuits with Ultralow power (ULP) operation is a good solution because of its limited options of energy sources. This Ultralow power operation will pay the way to small and low-cost satellites where the heavy battery and power supplies can be replaced. One of the effective way to implement ULP operations are by restricting the VDD and make the circuit to work in sub threshold region. But at the same time this low voltage circuits have some challenges like delay, temperature fluctuations needs to be addressed. The most complicated area of these circuits are memory arrays which cover large areas of the silicon die which often store critical data. Large bit cells leads to hardening of embedded memory block cells and this limits the low power operation of the entire system. In this paper, radiation-hardened static random access memory (SRAM) bit cell targeted at low-voltage functionality is proposed. The proposed method employs 5T RAM cell bears changes in charge deposits as high as 500 fC at a scaled 500-mV supply voltage.
Modelling of Parallel Unsigned 2n-1 Modular Arithmetic Multiplier for RNS
Authors: Elango S , Sampath P , Philip Sajan P , Raja Sekar S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Modular Multiplication operations are widely used in Digital crypto processors. Modulo multipliers is an essential block for Residue Number System (RNS) computation. Pointing to increase the performance of the RNS computation, the parallel unsigned modulo multiplier for 2n-1 moduli is designed. A mathematical modelling, VLSI architecture and real-time verification are done in this work. Further, the modulo multipliers are described usingVerilog HDL, and the synthesize results for both FPGA and ASIC technologies are presented. Comparison is made based on the parameters such as Area, Power, Delay, PDP& ADP using Cadence RTL Compiler with 180 nm, 90 nm and 45 nm TSMC CMOS Technologies.From the analysis indicate that the proposed multiplier provides a 16% area reduction and 40% speed improvement with a better PDP and ADP performance compared tothe existing modulo multipliers. Finally, the usefulness of 2n-1 modulo multiplier in RNS environment is discussed.
High Speed and Performance analysis of Multiplier in Field Programming Gate Array
Authors: Gowthami M , Jalall S Kehkeshan , Aby Varkey M Tony , Kiruthika K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper reads pipelined increase procedures for execution on FPGAs with accentuation on the usage of FPGA equipment asset. Execution of multiplier usage are estimated for monetarily accessible FPGA designs where two inborn issues are presented and examined. These being the lopsidedness of basic interconnect delay between broad directing and static convey interconnects, and the measure of FPGA rationale region utilized and its helpless usage. For every one of these issues proposals are proposed and researched.
A Critical Review on Fume Extraction System for Pipe and Plate Welding
Authors: Satheesh Kumar K V , Dharmaraj M , Thangavel P , Srikishore K A , Sudharsan R , Vimal M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In general, for both pipe and plate welding fixtures plays a crucial role. The current study investigates exposure among welders employed in the shop floor area. This welding fumes extractor has a exhaust ventilation setup to track sensitivity to welding fumes using glass fiber filter paper. The trick to acquiring the most effective system fitted to the closed atmosphere so that the gases do not disperse beyond the welding chamber is by learning the fundamentals of ventilation and airborne contaminant extraction. In previous tests, fixtures outside the fumigation hood were installed for both pipe and platform welding. By using a lathe chuck with 4 jaws fixed at both ends that keep the pipe up to 30 mm in diameter, a basic concept of the fixture is constructed. A horizontal rotating stand that is movable only in the y-axis can be set according to the area to be welded without any deflections. This device will be rotated with minimum speed, where the welding can be done effectively without press and dislocations. The main vision is to control the welding fumes in a closed chamber and to fabricate a lightweight fume extraction hood with pipe and plate welding fixtures. This research comes up with good social benefits to reduce blowout of fumes in industries and visibility during welding.
Zigbee Based Hazard Detecting Helmet
Authors: Reena Catherine J , Priyanka R , Alagusabai Andril , Renuka K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A Baneful gas detector, a volatile event indicator with several other features is developed, which is a smart helmet. Here, some of the life-threatening events are being overcome by using this helmet. Those hazardous events are impact of something heavy to the workers head, dangerous gas, and deportation of helmet. These events are identified by using accelerator for finding the impact, gas sensor for finding the harmful gas and Infrared Sensor for finding the removal of helmet. Once the environmental conditions are being checked by these sensors, the information is processed by the PIC micro-controller and is sent to the receiver node through the wireless sensor network. This wireless transmission is done by using Zigbee technology. The obtained data at the receiver node is then processed through the ARM processor for performing the alert process in both the receiver end and the transmitter end i.e., the user. The development of smart helmet presents the solutions to the issues faced.
Smart Solar Powered Agricultural Fertilizer Sprayer
Authors: Mallan Srinivasan , Karthick K , Cheran B , Karthickram S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Energy demand is a major thread for our country. Nowadays, with the depletion of the conventional sources of energy the usage of non conventional sources are in a rise. To meet this huge energy demand one of the important source that can be used is the solar energy. As this solar energy is being used in many other places like pumping water from the well, it will also prove helpful to the farmer by implementing it in agriculture sector. By introducing solar energy the pollution due to the usage of diesel and petrol is controlled. Hence in agricultural sector solar energy can be used for spraying fertilizers, pesticides, etc., with the help of Solar sprayers. In this paper we have discussed that instead of using fossil fuels like diesel, petrol, etc., for spraying fertilizers solar power is used, where the later proves to be efficient than the former.
Implementation of Dual Axis Solar Tracking System
Authors: Mohanapriya V , Manimegalai V , Praveenkumar V , Sakthivel P 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
As a future inexhaustible and non-polluting energy sources, solar energy is advancing to meet our ever-growing energy requirements. The automated solar tracking system based on the Arduino prototype is mainly built using the Arduino Microcontroller, four LDRs and three stepper motors. A mixture of hardware and firmware programming is used to run the machine. Four light based resistors (LDRs) are used for the capture of maximum incident light in hardware production. To shift the solar panel according to the extent incident light operated by LDRs, three stepper motors are used. The software controls the solar panel’s vertical tilt angle and horizontal rotation. Thus, according to the incident sunlight on the solar panel, it can follow the direction of the Sun, not only the vertical rotation, but also the horizontal rotation. This device can also achieve optimum illumination and reduce the cost of generating energy by requiring a minimum number of solar panels.
Current-mode Positive and Negative Rectifier based on DDCC suitable for Higher Frequency operations
Authors: Kumari Sweta , Nand Deva 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the present proposal current-mode (CM) full-wave rectifiers (FWR) using a differential-difference current conveyor (DDCC) block, two MOS-based diodes and three grounded resistors. Two proposals of rectifiers are presented, the first is CM FW positive rectifier and the second is CM FW negative rectifier. The value 200MHz was observed in the operating frequency of the simulated designs. The SPICE simulations with 180 nm TSMC CMOS technology model file has been used to ensure the proper functioning of both of the proposals.
Pulse Width Modulation Technique for Nine-phase Electric Vehicle Drive System
Authors: Sakthi Suriya Raj J S , Kumar Prabhakaran Ajith 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Multiphase machines have many advantages such as smoother toque and low stator current at each phase without increasing the stator voltage per phase and are mainly used in industrial applications. By implementing nine phase drive system the stator current reduces at each phase, which neglects the use of high-cost bulky power harnessing equipment’s that are used in the conventional 3-phase electric vehicle drive system. In this article, a nine phase electric vehicle inverter is designed for the electric vehicle drive system. Choosing a pulse width modulation technique is the foremost criterion. In this article sinusoidal pulse width modulation and space vector pulse width modulation technique is simulated and comparison is made based on the quality of power output. The simulation is modeled through Simulink software and the results are presented.
Body Mass Index based Health drink vending machine using Programmable Logic Controllers
Authors: Kalaiyarasi M , Ganesh Babu C , Ramya Deekshitha K , Sakthi B V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
As the consumer enters his/her height and weight the BMI of the person is calculated. If the BMI indicates that the person is fit, then the machine makes an ideal health drink with all nutrient content. If the BMI of the person indicates he/she is skinny or obese the combinations of the drink mixes vary accordingly. Once the BMI is calculated, a pump connected to a water sump is activated and it allows some amount of water to the mixing container. The mixes are allowed to fall through a screw conveyor to maintain constant discharge irrespective of the amount of the mix in the container. The amount of mix to be discharged is controlled by a PLC which is already programmed using Ladder Logics. Timers are used in the program for exact measurement. Then the motors attached to the screw conveyors start working for a certain period of time as programmed and allow the mixes to fall into the mixing container. As soon as the motors complete its rotation, a motor attached to the mixer starts rotating for some time to blend all the ingredients. A solenoid valve that connects the mixing container and the dispensing cup is opened when the mixer completes it’s mixing. Then the user can collect the drink. The whole process takes a maximum time of 3 minutes approximately.
Review on Sensor based Colour Sorting Robot for Candy Manufacturing
Authors: Krishnakumar S. , Sneha K. , Reethika A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work, a new approach for high speed sorting of candy into desired locations is introduced. In this work color sorting of candy is done by detecting colour and the edges of given image which are of similar colours. The colour sensor TCS230 detects three colour red,green,blue and black(no colour). When there is no candy in front of the sensor it produces an output of 330Hz range frequency and when there is a candy it produces an output frequency of 7-14 kHz.The microcontroller can find the frequency of the output from TCS230. The output is obtained by sorting the color of candy depending on the frequency analysis of the output of the TCS230 sensor in the Conveyor system.This work focuses on literature review of sensor based colour sorting robot for candy manufacturing.