bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A real-world demonstration of machine learning generalizability in the detection of intracranial hemorrhage on head computerized tomography
Authors: Salehinejad Hojjat , Kitamura Jumpei , Ditkofsky Noah , Lin Amy , Bharatha Aditya , Suthiphosuwan Suradech , Lin Hui-Ming , Wilson Jefferson R. , Mamdani Muhammad , Colak Errol 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMachine learning (ML) holds great promise in transforming healthcare. While published studies have shown the utility of ML models in interpreting medical imaging examinations, these are often evaluated under laboratory settings. The importance of real world evaluation is best illustrated by case studies that have documented successes and failures in the translation of these models into clinical environments. A key prerequisite for the clinical adoption of these technologies is demonstrating generalizable ML model performance under real world circumstances. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that ML model generalizability is achievable in medical imaging with the detection of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) on non-contrast computed tomography (CT) scans serving as the use case. An ML model was trained using 21,784 scans from the RSNA Intracranial Hemorrhage CT dataset while generalizability was evaluated using an external validation dataset obtained from our busy trauma and neurosurgical center. This real world external validation dataset consisted of every unenhanced head CT scan (n = 5965) performed in our emergency department in 2019 without exclusion. The model demonstrated an AUC of 98.4%, sensitivity of 98.8%, and specificity of 98.0%, on the test dataset. On external validation, the model demonstrated an AUC of 95.4%, sensitivity of 91.3%, and specificity of 94.1%. Evaluating the ML model using a real world external validation dataset that is temporally and geographically distinct from the training dataset indicates that ML generalizability is achievable in medical imaging applications.
The optical response of artificially twisted MoS$$_2$$ bilayers
Authors: Grzeszczyk M. , Szpakowski J. , Slobodeniuk A. O. , Kazimierczuk T. , Bhatnagar M. , Taniguchi T. , Watanabe K. , Kossacki P. , Potemski M. , Babiński A. , Molas M. R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTwo-dimensional layered materials offer the possibility to create artificial vertically stacked structures possessing an additional degree of freedom—theinterlayertwist. We present a comprehensive optical study of artificially stacked bilayers (BLs) MoS$$_2$$

2

encapsulated in hexagonal BN with interlayer twist angle ranging from 0$$^{\circ }$$

∘

to 60$$^{\circ }$$

∘

using Raman scattering and photoluminescence spectroscopies. It is found that the strength of the interlayer coupling in the studied BLs can be estimated using the energy dependence of indirect emission versus the A$$_\text {1g}$$

1g

–E$$_\text {2g}^1$$

2g
1

energy separation. Due to the hybridization of electronic states in the valence band, the emission line related to the interlayer exciton is apparent in both the natural (2H) and artificial (62$$^\circ $$

∘

) MoS$$_2$$

2

BLs, while it is absent in the structures with other twist angles. The interlayer coupling energy is estimated to be of about 50 meV. The effect of temperature on energies and intensities of the direct and indirect emission lines in MoS$$_2$$

2

BLs is also quantified.
A new nanomagnetic Pd-Co bimetallic alloy as catalyst in the Mizoroki–Heck and Buchwald–Hartwig amination reactions in aqueous media
Authors: Sobhani Sara , Zarei Hamed , Sansano José Miguel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA Pd-Co bimetallic alloy encapsulated in melamine-based dendrimer supported on magnetic nanoparticles denoted as γ-Fe2O3@MBD/Pd-Co was synthesized by a facile co-complexation-reduction method and characterized sufficiently. The catalytic evaluation of γ-Fe2O3@MBD/Pd-Co showed promising results in the Mizoroki–Heck and Buchwald–Hartwig amination reactions of various iodo-, bromo- and challenging chloroarenes in aqueous media. The synergetic cooperative effect of both Pd and Co and dispersion of the catalyst in water due to the encapsulation of γ-Fe2O3 by melamine-based dendrimer lead to high catalytic performance compared with the monometallic counterparts. The dispersion of the magnetic catalyst also facilitates the recovery and reuse of the catalyst by ten consecutive extraction and final magnetic isolation with no loss of catalytic activity, keeping its structure unaltered.
Structural investigation and application of Tween 80-choline chloride self-assemblies as osmotic agent for water desalination
Authors: Bide Yasamin , Fashapoyeh Marzieh Arab , Shokrollahzadeh Soheila 
Published: August 2021

AbstractForward osmosis (FO) process has been extensively considered as a potential technology that could minimize the problems of traditional water desalination processes. Finding an appropriate osmotic agent is an important concern in the FO process. For the first time, a nonionic surfactant-based draw solution was introduced using self-assemblies of Tween 80 and choline chloride. The addition of choline chloride to Tween 80 led to micelles formation with an average diameter of 11.03 nm. The 1H NMR spectra exhibited that all groups of Tween 80 were interacted with choline chloride by hydrogen bond and Van der Waals’ force. The influence of adding choline chloride to Tween 80 and the micellization on its osmotic activity was investigated. Despite the less activity of single components, the average water flux of 14.29 L m‒2 h‒1 was obtained using 0.15 M of Tween 80-choline chloride self-assembly as draw solution in the FO process with DI water feed solution. Moreover, various concentrations of NaCl aqueous solutions were examined as feed solution. This report proposed a possible preparation of nonionic surfactant-based draw solutions using choline chloride additive with enhanced osmotic activities that can establish an innovative field of study in water desalination by the FO process.
Age-related mushroom body expansion in male sweat bees and bumble bees
Authors: Hagadorn Mallory A. , Eck Karlee , Del Grosso Matthew , Haemmerle Xavier , Wcislo William T. , Kapheim Karen M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA well-documented phenomenon among social insects is that brain changes occur prior to or at the onset of certain experiences, potentially serving to prime the brain for specific tasks. This insight comes almost exclusively from studies considering developmental maturation in females. As a result, it is unclear whether age-related brain plasticity is consistent across sexes, and to what extent developmental patterns differ. Using confocal microscopy and volumetric analyses, we investigated age-related brain changes coinciding with sexual maturation in the males of the facultatively eusocial sweat bee, Megalopta genalis, and the obligately eusocial bumble bee, Bombus impatiens. We compared volumetric measurements between newly eclosed and reproductively mature males kept isolated in the lab. We found expansion of the mushroom bodies—brain regions associated with learning and memory—with maturation, which were consistent across both species. This age-related plasticity may, therefore, play a functionally-relevant role in preparing male bees for mating, and suggests that developmentally-driven neural restructuring can occur in males, even in species where it is absent in females.
Comparison of multicolor scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence tomography angiography for detection of microaneurysms in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Sakono Takato , Terasaki Hiroto , Sonoda Shozo , Funatsu Ryoh , Shiihara Hideki , Uchino Eisuke , Yamashita Toshifumi , Sakamoto Taiji 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of multicolor (MC) scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (MC-SLO) in detecting microaneurysm (MA) in eyes with diabetic retinopathy (DR). This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. Eyes with DR underwent fluorescein angiography (FA), MC-SLO, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and color fundus photography (CFP) were analyzed. The foveal region was cut in an 6 × 6 mm image and the number of MA in each image was counted by retina specialists to determine the sensitivity and positive predictive value. FA results were used as the ground standard. MAs were classified as those with early, late, or no dye leakage based on FA images. Fifty-four eyes of 35 patients with an average age of 64.5 ± 1.24 years were included. The sensitivity of MA detection was 37.3%, 15.3%, and 4.12% in MC-SLO, OCTA, and CFP, respectively (P < 0.01 in each pair).The positive predictive value was 66.4%, 46.4%, and 27.6% in MC, OCTA, and CFP, respectively (P < 0.01 in each pair). Sensitivity for MAs with early leakage was 36.4% in MC-SLO, which was significantly higher than 4.02% in OCTA. MC-SLO was more useful in detecting MA in eyes with DR than OCTA.
Examining cellular responses to reconstituted antibody protein liquids
Authors: Nelson M. Tyler , Slocik Joseph M. , Romer Eric J. , Mankus Cassandra I. , Agans Richard T. , Naik Rajesh R. , Hussain Saber M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProtein ionic liquids (PIL) are a new class of biologic stabilizers designed to protect the functionality and extend the shelf-life of biotechnological and therapeutic agents making them more readily available, and resistant to austere environments. Protein biorecognition elements such as monoclonal antibodies are commonly utilized therapeutics that require the robust stabilization offered by PILs, but biocompatibility remains an important issue. This study has focused on characterizing the biocompatibility of an antibody based PIL by exposing multiple cells types to a cationized immunoglobulin suspended in an anionic liquid (IgG-IL). The IgG-IL caused no significant alterations in cellular health for all three cell types with treatments < 12.5 µg/mL. Concentrations ≥ 12.5 µg/mL resulted in significant necrotic cell death in A549 and HaCaT cells, and caspase associated cell death in HepG2 cells. In addition, all cells displayed evidence of oxidative stress and IL-8 induction in response to IgG-IL exposures. Therapeutic Ig can be utilized with a wide dose range that extends into concentrations we have found to exhibit cytotoxicity raising a toxicity concern and a need for more extensive understanding of the biocompatibility of IgG-ILs.
Liquid fuel oil produced from plastic based medical wastes by thermal cracking
Authors: Rasul Shahriar Bin , Som Uday , Hossain Md. Shameem , Rahman Md. Wasikur 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe present work is an effort to produce liquid fuel oil from plastic based medical wastes through thermal cracking process under oxidizing conditions. The mixed plastics from medical wastes were considered as a feedstock, shredded into small pieces and heated at 773 ± 10 K for 40 min with a heating rate of 20 K/min in a batch reactor for thermal cracking process. The feedstock was characterized by proximate and ultimate analysis along with thermogravimetric investigation. Moreover, chemical compositions of the liquid fuel oil were examined by FTIR and GC–MS spectroscopy. The properties of liquid product were also examined and compared to the commercial fuel oil. The average yield of brownish and sticky liquid fuel was obtained to be 52 wt% and the gross calorific value of the liquid was found 41.32 MJ/kg which is comparable to that of commercial diesel. FTIR spectrum showed characteristic absorption bands of C–H and =CH2 groups indicating presence of alkane and alkene compounds. GC–MS study demonstrated the chemical constituents of the liquid product that is mostly aliphatic compounds of mainly alkanes (16.28%), alkenes (10.67%), alcohols (14.65%) and ester groups (10.38%) including iso-phthalate (40.02%) as a predominant product. This experiment concludes that the liquid oil derived from thermal cracking of mixed plastics comprised of a composite mixture of organic components. A significant amount of non-degraded constituents like plasticizers, precursors, etc. remained in the product having some economic values with human health and environmental impacts during burning has been addressed in the current issue.
Study of energetic properties of different tree organs in six Olea europaea L. cultivars
Authors: Sala G. , Caruso T. , Marra F. P. , Zafonte F. , Amico Roxas A. , Schiavo B. , Galia A. , Brunori A. , Dini F. , Regni L. , Proietti P. , La Mantia T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPruning is an important horticultural practice for the management of olive orchards (Olea europaeaL.) that generates a considerable amount of residues every year. Olive orchards are increasingly expanding beyond the Mediterranean Basin to new growing Countries (Australia, California, Argentina, Chile and Uruguay) and this will certainly lead to larger availability of pruning material. Currently, the interest in use of olive tree pruning residues for energy purposes is increasing but unfortunately, the information on the differences among organs of the tree, in terms of calorific value and ash content, is scarce. Another unknown aspect is the effect of cultivar vigour on dry matter partition among different tree organs, these are important traits to establish the energetic quality of pruning residues. The aim of this research was to study energetic aspects of six olive cultivars, largely grown in the Sicilian olive industry and characterized by different vigour. The trees taken into consideration in the study were selected in an experimental orchard to avoid any effect due to differences in environmental conditions and management. The energetic characteristics, calorific value and ash content, were evaluated for the various tree organs particularly shoots, leaves and branches; also root system was evaluated, although the roots can only be used once the trees are uprooted. Significant differences were observed in the calorific values among the different tree organs and the cultivars. Regarding the ash, shoots and leaves showed the highest content with respect to the other organs, thus causing a possible tendency in slagging with fouling and corrosion of boiler components.
Middle–Late Triassic sedimentary provenance of the southern Junggar Basin and its link with the post-orogenic tectonic evolution of Central Asia
Authors: Wang Jialin , Wu Chaodong , Jiao Yue , Yuan Bo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDue to the unknown Triassic volcanism in the Junggar Basin, the Middle–Late Triassic sedimentary provenance in the southern Junggar Basin (SJB) has long been controversial. Detrital zircon grains from 13 samples of the Middle–Upper Triassic Xiaoquangou Group in the SJB were analyzed using zircon U–Pb geochronology to constrain the provenance of Triassic sedimentary rocks and to further understand their source-to-sink system. Comparison of detrital zircon U–Pb age distributions for 13 samples reveals that the Triassic age populations predominate in sediments of the northern Bogda Mountains, with subordinate in the southern Bogda Mountains, and no or minimal in the North Tianshan (NTS). Coupled with sandstone petrological, sedimentary geochemical and paleocurrent data, the Triassic detrital zircon grains of the Xiaoquangou Group in the SJB were probably input from the Bogda Mountains. As Pennsylvanian and Mississippian zircon grains are mainly derived from the NTS and Central Tianshan (CTS), the provenance of the Xiaoquangou Group includes the NTS, CTS and Bogda Mountains. But the different samples in different sink areas have different provenances, originating from at least four source-to-sink systems. The supply of sediments from the Bogda Mountains started in the Late Triassic, suggesting initial uplift of the Bogda Mountains.
Association between probiotics and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants
Authors: Qu Yangming , Guo Shijie , Liu Ying , Wang Guohua , Wu Hui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBronchopulmonary dysplasia is a chronic pulmonary disease with a high incidence in premature infants, and there is still no effective treatment. The purpose of our study was to analyze the association between the use of probiotics and BPD in premature infants. We retrospectively collected clinical data of infants with gestational age < 32 weeks admitted to the NICU of The First Hospital of Jilin University from January 1, 2019 to March 31, 2020. Demographic and clinicopathological data of the inclusion population were collected. The outcome was the incidence of BPD or death. The χ2 tests was used to compare the categorical variables. The t test and non-parametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used to compare the continuous data. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the association between probiotics and BPD. A total of 318 newborns met the inclusion criteria, of which 94 received probiotics and 224 received no probiotics. There were 16 deaths and 115 newborns with BPD in the included population. The results of univariate analysis showed differences in the maternal diabetes, the proportion of systemic antibiotics given to mother within 24 h before birth, the receiving rate of invasive mechanical ventilation, the prevalence of BPD/death, PDA, RDS and Ivh between newborns with and without probiotics (p < 0.05); The results of unadjusted univariate logistic regression model showed that probiotic (OR 0.034, 95% CI 0.012–0.096) was the factor affecting BPD in preterm infants (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression result (OR 0.037, 95% CI 0.013–0.105) was consistent with univariate analysis (P < 0.001). Probiotics are associated with a reduced risk of BPD in preterm infants < 32 weeks of age. More prospective studies with large samples are still needed.
Effect of introducing biologics to patients with rheumatoid arthritis on the risk of venous thromboembolism: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Chen Chao-Ping , Kung Pei-Tseng , Chou Wen-Yu , Tsai Wen-Chen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the United States, 100,000–300,000 patients die from venous thromboembolism (VTE) each year, with more than 500,000 people related hospitalizations. While in Europe, 500,000 people die from VTE each year. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis are at increased risk of VTE. The use of biologics in patients with rheumatoid arthritis may be associated with an increased risk of VTE. We identified all patients who had been newly approved for Catastrophic Illness Card of rheumatoid arthritis extracted the claims data from the National Health Insurance research database and Registry for Catastrophic Illness Patient Database from 2003 to 2016. VTE was defined as the presence of inpatient VTE diagnostic codes (including DVT or PE) according to the discharge diagnosis protocol. An analysis of VTE variables indicated that the incidence of VTE in the biologic group (14.33/10,000 person-years) was higher than that in the conventional drug group (12.61/10,000 person-years). As assessed by the Cox proportional hazards model, the relative HR for VTE in the biologic group (HR: 1.11; 95% CI 0.79–1.55) versus that in the conventional drug group did not reach a significant difference. In conclusion, this study found no significant differences in risk were observed between the use of conventional DMARDs and biologics.
Cochlear shape distinguishes southern African early hominin taxa with unique auditory ecologies
Authors: Braga J. , Samir C. , Fradi A. , Feunteun Y. , Jakata K. , Zimmer V. A. , Zipfel B. , Thackeray J. F. , Macé M. , Wood B. A. , Grine F. E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInsights into potential differences among the bony labyrinths of Plio-Pleistocene hominins may inform their evolutionary histories and sensory ecologies. We use four recently-discovered bony labyrinths from the site of Kromdraai to significantly expand the sample for Paranthropus robustus. Diffeomorphometry, which provides detailed information about cochlear shape, reveals size-independent differences in cochlear shape between P. robustus and Australopithecus africanus that exceed those among modern humans and the African apes. The cochlea of P. robustus is distinctive and relatively invariant, whereas cochlear shape in A. africanus is more variable, resembles that of early Homo, and shows a degree of morphological polymorphism comparable to that evinced by modern species. The curvature of the P. robustus cochlea is uniquely derived and is consistent with enhanced sensitivity to low-frequency sounds. Combined with evidence for selection, our findings suggest that sound perception shaped distinct ecological adaptations among southern African early hominins.
Salvaging high-quality genomes of microbial species from a meromictic lake using a hybrid sequencing approach
Authors: Chen Yu-Hsiang , Chiang Pei-Wen , Rogozin Denis Yu , Degermendzhy Andrey G. , Chiu Hsiu-Hui , Tang Sen-Lin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMost of Earth’s bacteria have yet to be cultivated. The metabolic and functional potentials of these uncultivated microorganisms thus remain mysterious, and the metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) approach is the most robust method for uncovering these potentials. However, MAGs discovered by conventional metagenomic assembly and binning are usually highly fragmented genomes with heterogeneous sequence contamination. In this study, we combined Illumina and Nanopore data to develop a new workflow to reconstruct 233 MAGs—six novel bacterial orders, 20 families, 66 genera, and 154 species—from Lake Shunet, a secluded meromictic lake in Siberia. With our workflow, the average N50 of reconstructed MAGs greatly increased 10–40-fold compared to when the conventional Illumina assembly and binning method were used. More importantly, six complete MAGs were recovered from our datasets. The recovery of 154 novel species MAGs from a rarely explored lake greatly expands the current bacterial genome encyclopedia.
Interplay between population density and mobility in determining the spread of epidemics in cities
Authors: Hazarie Surendra , Soriano-Paños David , Arenas Alex , Gómez-Gardeñes Jesús , Ghoshal Gourab 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe increasing agglomeration of people in dense urban areas coupled with the existence of efficient modes of transportation connecting such centers, make cities particularly vulnerable to the spread of epidemics. Here we develop a data-driven approach combines with a meta-population modeling to capture the interplay between population density, mobility and epidemic spreading. We study 163 cities, chosen from four different continents, and report a global trend where the epidemic risk induced by human mobility increases consistently in those cities where mobility flows are predominantly between high population density centers. We apply our framework to the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States, providing a plausible explanation for the observed heterogeneity in the spreading process across cities. Based on this insight, we propose realistic mitigation strategies (less severe than lockdowns), based on modifying the mobility in cities. Our results suggest that an optimal control strategy involves an asymmetric policy that restricts flows entering the most vulnerable areas but allowing residents to continue their usual mobility patterns.