bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetes self-management education interventions in the WHO African Region: A scoping review
Authors: Kumah Emmanuel , Otchere Godfred , Ankomah Samuel Egyakwa , Fusheini Adam , Kokuro Collins , Aduo-Adjei Kofi , A. Amankwah Joseph 
Published: August 2021

Introduction
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the commonest chronic diseases worldwide. Self-Management Education (SME) is regarded as a critical element of treatment for all people with diabetes, as well as those at risk of developing the condition. While a great variety of diabetes self-management education (DSME) interventions are available in high-income countries, limited information exists on educational programs for the prevention and management of diabetes complications in Africa. This study, therefore, aimed at synthesizing information in the literature to describe the state of the science of DSME interventions in the WHO African Region.

Materials and methods
The study is a scoping review, which followed the standard PRISMA guidelines for conducting and reporting scoping reviews. A systematic keyword and subject headings searches were conducted on six electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) to identify relevant English language publications on DSME from 2000 through 2020. Titles and abstracts of the search results were screened to select eligible papers for full text reading. All eligible papers were retrieved and full text screening was done by three independent reviewers to select studies for inclusion in the final analysis.

Results
Nineteen studies were included in the review. The interventions identified were individually oriented, group-based, individually oriented & group-based, and information technology-based DSME programs. Outcomes of the interventions were mixed. While the majority yielded significant positive results on HbA1c, diabetes knowledge, blood pressure, blood sugar and foot care practices; few demonstrated positive outcomes on self-efficacy, BMI, physical activity; self-monitoring of blood glucose, medication adherence, smoking and alcohol consumption.

Conclusions
The limited studies available indicate that DSME interventions in the WHO African Region have mixed effects on patient behaviors and health outcomes. That notwithstanding, the majority of the interventions demonstrated statistically significant positive effects on HbA1c, the main outcome measure in most DSME intervention studies.
Atenção Primária à Saúde na Amazônia
Authors: Gonçalves Morais Cristiano , Neves Silva Larissa Ádna , Figueiredo Cunha Carlos Leonardo , Dos Santos Junior Hernane Guimarães , Gagno Lima Juliana 
Published: August 2021

A atuação da Atenção Primária à Saúde – APS favorece a diminuição de casos e complicações da Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica – HAS, mas no contexto da Amazônia o cuidado da APS com hipertensos está sujeito à influência das fragilidades dos serviços de saúde na região. Diante disto, o objetivo do presente estudo é caracterizar a atenção à HAS no âmbito da APS desenvolvida no Oeste do Pará. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva e quantitativa, na qual foram utilizados dados secundários do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica – PMAQ-AB da região de saúde do Baixo Amazonas. Os dados foram obtidos pelo Portal da Secretaria de Atenção Primária à Saúde. Para os dados referentes à HAS, utilizaram-se variáveis do ciclo 3 dos módulos II e III. Para a organização dos dados, foram utilizados os programas Statistical Package for Social Science for Windows (SPSS 22.0) e Microsoft Excel. Foram realizados cálculos com porcentagens e frequências simples. Na análise, foi identificada a predominância do acesso e do uso de exames básicos como meios de subsidiar o cuidado da HAS, no entanto, evidenciaram-se fragilidades da atuação da APS na prevenção e no acompanhamento dos agravos associados a essa morbidade. A situação se agrava quando somada à dificuldade de realizar exames que requerem mais densidade tecnológica e especializada, pois a geografia e as distâncias se constituem como barreiras a serem transpostas pela RAS. O predomínio de ações mínimas no cuidado de HAS e a presença de lacunas nos serviços de saúde de responsabilidade da APS subsidiam indagações sobre sua atuação no desenvolvimento dos seus atributos essenciais na RAS, bem como, sugerem problemas no Oeste do Pará em articular e subsidiar meios de cuidado para HAS, de acordo com as necessidades e peculiaridades dos territórios de seus municípios.
Determinação das características estruturais e mecânicas da liga de alta entropia Hf-Nb-Ta-Zr
Authors: Silva Andrade Jhonatan , Napoleão Bastos Ivan , Aliaga Luis César Rodríguez 
Published: August 2021

Neste artigo, os comportamentos estrutural e mecânico da liga equiatômica de alta entropia Hf-Nb-Ta-Zr foram estudados mediante simulações computacionais de dinâmica molecular. As simulações foram realizadas no código livre LAMMPS, em um sistema composto de 154.000 átomos que interagiram sob o potencial Embedded Atom Method (EAM). O estudo focou na estrutura cúbica de corpo centrado (CCC). Esta estrutura apresenta a maior estabilidade estrutural ou a menor energia potencial a 0 K. A liga foi submetida a ensaios de nanoindentação utilizando um penetrador virtual esférico de diâmetro de 40 Å. Ensaiou-se à temperatura de 10 K para eliminar as contribuições térmicas dos átomos, em três planos cristalográficos (001), (011) e (111), e identificar efeitos de anisotropia. A evolução estrutural da liga foi analisada mediante as funções de distribuição radial parcial (PRDF), funções de distribuição radial total (TRDF) e também por difração de raios-X. As curvas de carregamento-descarregamento mostraram que a nanoindentação na superfície correspondente ao plano (011) requer a maior força de indentação, de cerca de 142 nN, enquanto que o plano (111) conduz à maior deformação elástica antes do início da deformação plástica.
Borehole Magnetometry Test for Evaluating a Caisson’s Reinforced Depth: Experimental Results and Theoretical Modeling
Authors: Scarano Hemsi Paulo , de Souza Santos Matheus Carlos , de Jesus Souza Tiago , Gandolfo Otávio Coaracy Brasil , Alberto Mendonça Carlos 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The borehole magnetometry (BM) test was performed to evaluate the foundation reinforcement depth at a site where a telecommunication tower is supported by a single 2.3-m-diameter caisson foundation of known as-built design. An optical televiewer probe containing a three-axial fluxgate magnetometer was lowered into a vertical borehole 2.35 m distant from the center of the caisson and the profiles for the total magnetic field flux density, and its vertical component were acquired and used to generate, by subtracting the International Geomagnetic Reference Field background, the profiles for the total, BA, and vertical component, Bz,A, anomalous magnetic field. Four distinct graphical methods were used to evaluate the reinforced depth from the anomalous profiles and their first- and second-order derivatives. Two of the methods, including the one proposed in this study, based on locating the inflection points in the derivative profiles, evaluated the reinforced depth very close to the as-built depth (8.0 m). The reinforcement intensity of magnetization was then evaluated using the BA profile and a method based on the bipolar model. Theoretical modeling of BA and Bz,A and the derivative profiles was then performed using a three-dimensional prismatic model. By comparing modeled and experimental results, the induced magnetization was found to be an unsuited modeling assumption, with remanent magnetization being a better representation of the magnetic field around the caisson’s steel reinforcement, in agreement with the theory, given the high Koenigsberger ratio for steel. Also, the modeling revealed the need for a more complex representation of the magnetic sources, with added prisms to represent the effects of a magnetically-noisy environment and above-ground structures, as well as the presence of inhomogeneity and polarization changes along the reinforcement length.
The ovarian reserve as target of insulin/IGF and ROS in metabolic disorder-dependent ovarian dysfunctions
Authors: Dri Maria , Klinger Francesca Gioia , De Felici Massimo 
Published: August 2021

It is known for a long time that metabolic disorders can cause ovarian dysfunctions and affect a woman’s fertility either by direct targeting follicular cells and/or the oocytes or by indirect interference with the pituitary-hypothalamic axis, resulting in dysfunctional oogenesis. Such disorders may also influence the efficiency of the embryo implantation and the quality of the embryo with permanent effects on the fertility and health of the offspring. Thanks to the expanding knowledge on the molecular mechanisms governing oogenesis and folliculogenesis in mammals, we are beginning to understand how such disorders can negatively affect this process and consequently fertility in women. In the present review, we point out and discuss how the disturbance of insulin/IGF-dependent signalling and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in the ovary typically associated to metabolic disorders such as type II diabetes and obesity can dysregulate the dynamics of the ovarian reserve and/or impair the survival and competence of the oocytes.

Lay summary
In women, a progressive decline and depletion of the primary ovary reserve, which represents the reserve of immature eggs, are a challenging condition in the field of reproductive medicine. This decline, occurring physiological with age, is the main determinant of the age at the onset of menopause. Concomitant with the reduction in their number, the quality of the eggs also decreases with age. Metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity can cause ovarian dysfunctions and affect a woman’s fertility mainly by direct targeting the egg stockpile or by indirect interference with the production of reproductive hormones. Here, we report up-to-date data and discuss results about how disturbance of insulin-dependent signalling and increased oxidative stress in the ovary, usually associated to metabolic disorders, can dysregulate the dynamics of the primary ovary reserve and/or impair the survival and quality of the eggs.
Mechanical characterization and numerical modeling of laser-sintered TPE lattice structures
Authors: Kummert Christina , Schmid Hans-Joachim , Risse Lena , Kullmer Gunter 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Additive Manufacturing provides the opportunity to produce tailored and complex structures economically. The use of lattice structures in combination with a thermoplastic elastomer enables the generation of structures with configurable properties by varying the cell parameters. Since there is only little knowledge about the producibility of lattice structures made of TPE in the laser sintering process and the resulting mechanical properties, different kinds of lattice structures are investigated within this work. The cell type, cell size and strut thickness of these structures are varied and analyzed. Within the experimental characterization of Dodecahedron-cell static and cyclic compression tests of sandwich structures are focused. The material exhibits hyperelastic and plastic properties and also the Mullins-Effect. For the later design of real TPE structures, the use of numerical methods helps to reduce time and costs. The preceding experimental investigations are used to develop a concept for the numerical modeling of TPE lattice structures.

Graphic abstract
Validation of Fault Displacements from Dynamic Rupture Simulations against the Observations from the 1992 Landers Earthquake
Authors: Wang Yongfei , Goulet Christine 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTCoseismic fault displacements in large earthquakes have caused significant damage to structures and lifelines on and near fault lines. Coseismic displacements represent a real threat, especially to distributed infrastructure systems. For infrastructure systems that can not avoid active faults, engineering displacement demands are defined using probabilistic fault-displacement hazard analyses (PFDHA). However, PFDHA models are sparse and poorly constrained partly due to the scarcity of detailed fault-displacement observations. Advancements in dynamic rupture simulation methods make them an attractive approach to address this important issue. Because fault displacements can be simulated for various geologic conditions as constrained by current knowledge about earthquake processes, they can be used to supplement the observation datasets. In addition to providing on-fault displacements, when used with appropriate constitutive models for the bulk medium, they can capture off-fault distributed inelastic deformations as well. For viable extrapolation, simulations must first be validated against data. In this article, we summarize the calibration and validation of the dynamic rupture model against the observations of the well-documented 1992 Landers earthquake. We defined a preferred model that reproduces several first-order fault-displacement metrics such as the on-fault partition of the total displacement, the mean fault-zone width, and the location of the peak displacement. Simulated ground motions consistent with the observations ensure that all physics important to modeling have been properly parameterized. For the extrapolation, we generated a suite of dynamic rupture models to quantify expected fault-displacement metrics, their intercorrelations, and magnitude dependencies, which are in part supported by the Landers and other recent earthquakes. Our validation and extrapolation exercise paves the way for using dynamic rupture modeling to quantitatively address fault-displacement hazard on a broader scale. The results are promising and are expected to be useful to inform PFDHA model development.
A Case of Heart Transplantation after Ischaemic Preconditioning
Authors: Micallef Eynaud Steve , Sladden David , Manche Alexander 
Published: August 2021

A case of successful heart transplantation from a donor that suffered an out of hospital cardiac arrest lasting approximately one hour is presented. The recipient, a 27-year-old female nurse, was diagnosed with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in 2012. The donor was a 24-year-old male who after consuming an unknown quantity of alcohol and cocaine aboard a yacht was found floating face-down in the sea. The patient to be pulseless and CPR commenced after 7 minutes. The length of time that he spent in the sea was unknown. Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) occurred after 20 minutes of CPR on site. However, the patient arrested again in the ambulance and CPR was performed until he arrived Hospital, still in cardiac arrest. The patient arrested three more times before achieving a stable circulation. He was transferred to the intensive care unit on high doses of Noradrenaline and Adrenaline to maintain an adequate mean arterial blood pressure. An initial echocardiogram (ECHO) revealed a hypocontractile left ventricle (LV) with an estimated ejection fraction (EF) of 30%.Over the following 3 days the patient’s cardiac function improved. He was weaned off inotropic support and a repeat ECHO showed a normal LV with an EF of 70%. A brain MRI showed diffuse swelling consistent with global hypoxic injury with wide areas of cortical and basal ganglia infarction. The patient’s parents gave their consent and he was offered for organ transplantation on day 6. The operation was successful, with the recipient making an uneventful recovery. She received immunosuppressive treatment with cyclosporine, prednisolone and azathioprine and experienced one episode of early mild rejection with full resolution. She remains well 8 months later.
Long-term clinical results of autologous Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) in recalcitrant plantar fasciitis
Authors: Kumar Garg Ankit , Choudhary Ranjeet , Chandra Agrawal Alok , Pradip Inamdar Anupam , Verma Shilp 
Published: August 2021

In recent years, biologic therapies such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) have gained prominence in multiple orthopedics degenerative tendinopathy and ligamental pathology. This research aimed to assess the clinical effectiveness of autologous platelet-rich plasma injection in cases of recalcitrant plantar fasciitis (RPF) over a long period.A prospective observational study was performed on RPF that did not experience pain relief after three months of conservative therapy. Under sterile conditions, inject approximately 3ml of platelet-rich plasma mixed with 0.5ml lignocaine into the maximum tender point of the heel. Visual Analogue Score for Pain, the American Orthopedics Foot, and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle, and Hind Foot Score at one month, three months, six months, one year, and two years after injection.A total of 60 patients of RPF which 23 (38.33%) were male, and the rest 37 (61.66%) were female. The mean age was 45 ± 7.25 and the mean duration of symptoms was 7.4 ± 2.1months. The mean VAS score was 7.92 ± 1.2 at pre-injection, was progressively reduced post-injection to 5.61 ± 1.56 at one month, 3.1 ± .83 at three months, and 2.4 ± .68 at six months and remained at low level 2.5 ± .92 at one year and 2.7 ± .56 at two years. The mean AOFAS score was 56.92 ± 13.24 at pre-injection, was progressively increased post-injection to 66.41± 10.26 at one month, 78.31 ± 12.64 at three months, and 90.54 ± 10.71 at six months and remained at a low level 89.24 ± 8.92 at one year and 87.54 ±10.56 at two years. Mean VAS and AOFAS scores showed statistically significant pain reduction and functional improvements at successive follow-ups till 6month (p&#60;.05); the improvement remained stable and did not change significantly until the last appointment at 2year follow-up (p &#62; 0.05).The outcomes of autologous PRP injection in recalcitrant plantar fasciitis are reliable, stable, and predictable in both long- and short-term follow-up. PRP injection is safer and not associated with serious complications as in the case of steroid injection.
Role of Vitamin D3 in fracture union in adults
Authors: Arora Arunabh , Kumar Singh Amrit 
Published: August 2021

Fractures play an important role in morbidity and often premature mobility among the elderly population. Because inactivity as a result of a fracture is harmful both to bone healing and health, it appears early or rapid fracture healing would be highly recommendable for returning fracture patients to come back to normal as soon as possible with minimal side effects. The literature remains unclear regarding supplementation required for promoting bone healing in fracture cases. Hereby we evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of vitamin D3 supplementation in fracture cases along with the quantitative analysis of vitamin D3 at the time of fracture and after fracture union.: A total of 200 patients were assessed clinically, biochemically (serum alkaline phosphatase, serum vitamin D3, and serum parathormone), and radiologically. All patients who satisfy inclusion criteria are followed up and vitamin D3 levels were measured up within 1 day of fracture and at the interval of 6 months after the orthopaedic intervention. The outcomes were monitored by the 5 points radiographic scoring system by Warden et al. With the majority of patients falling under the vitamin insufficiency group i.e. 53% of all patients were found to be vitamin insufficient at the time of fracture. 33% of patients found to be vitamin D deficient while 14% found to be insufficient stage. No patient was found to be in a toxicity state. According to Warden’s scoring., 50% of patients were in grade 3, 15% in grade 4, 33% in grade 2, and only 2% in grade 1. Regarding the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency in the general population, this study shows an alarming rate of vitamin D insufficient patients in a group of 200 patients, which indicates the need for attention towards vitamin D status not only for bone-related issues but for other issues related to vitamin D deficiency.
ДИСТАНЦИОННОЕ ОБУЧЕНИЕ И МОДЕРНИЗАЦИЯ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ – ТУПИК ИЛИ ВОЗМОЖНОСТЬ?
Authors: Левин Семен Михайлович 
Published: August 2021

В статье рассматриваются вопросы дистанционного обучения с позиции реализации студентоцентрированного образовательного процесса – одного из принципов Болонской декларации. Актуальность исследований в этой области обусловлена стремительным ростом числа вузов, реализующих дистанционные образовательные программы, который происходит на фоне модернизации системы высшего образования в соответствии с требованиями Болонского процесса. Цель ­­­­­– изучение учебного процесса, протекающего в электронной образовательной среде, выявление проблемных аспектов и поиск эффективных решений для реализации дистанционного обучения на основе современных педагогических концепций. В этой области выявлен ряд проблем, связанных с реформой высшего образования, соблюдения образовательных стандартов, а также развитием дистанционного образования как формы подготовки квалифицированных специалистов. К указанным проблемам отнесены низкая познавательная самостоятельность студентов, смещение акцента мотивации преподавателей в сторону научно-исследовательской деятельности, профессиональная неподготовленность последних для эффективного применения современных педагогических технологий и инструментов электронных образовательных систем, а также недостаточная наполненность требуемыми элементами самих систем управления обучением. Результаты работы отражены в конкретных рекомендациях по решению проблем в части, регулируемой высшими учебными заведениями: развитие познавательной самостоятельности студентов через использование соответствующих педагогических подходов, изменение системы мотивации профессорско-преподавательского состава, направленной на применение в образовательном процессе современных педагогических технологий, а также формирование компетенций в области электронных образовательных инструментов.
Ciberespacio y mundo virtuales: el caso de Active Worlds.
Authors: Infantas Barbachán Iván 
Published: August 2021

Las nuevas tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación, NTIC, básicamente Internet, alteran las formas de interacción social, gracias a las grandes posibilidades que actualmente ofrece el ciberespacio a las sociedades. A pesar de existir todavía una diferenciación de uso y de accesibilidad al ciberespacio, es probable que las personas, que tienen acceso a las tecnologías digitales, sientan que pueden estar ‘aquí’ y ‘allá’ de forma instantánea, lo cual causa —quizá sin percatarse, — alteraciones en las nociones tradicionales del espacio tiempo. Una de las tantas formas de comprender el nuevo espacio emergente, es decir el ciberespacio, es mediante el estudio de los Mundos Virtuales, entre los cuales se destacan los sub-mundos virtuales de Active Worlds.
Desarrollo y retos de la participación de la sociedad civil en los procesos de Ordenación Territorial
Authors: Rentería Rodríguez María Teresa 
Published: August 2021

La organización de la sociedad civil, como fenómeno global, es relativamente nueva y en los países en vías de desarrollo muy poco ha tenido que ver con los procesos de desarrollo y gobernabilidad, menos aún con los de ordenación territorial, como actor, cuyas decisiones incidieran en esos procesos, pues el Estado había tenido –y sigue teniendo– una participación casi exclusiva en la configuración de la realidad política, económica y social, aunque la empresa también ha tenido un peso importante en ello. Este ensayo se centra en la sociedad civil, la cual tradicionalmente ha quedado relegada a un plano irrelevante en muchos aspectos que le afectan de modo directo, como es la ordenación del territorio, la educación y la salud, entre otros aspectos. El trabajo se divide en cuatro partes: introducción, génesis y desarrollo de la participación de la sociedad civil, conexión de ésta con los procesos de ordenación territorial y retos de la participación de la sociedad civil.