bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety of 25% Trichloroacetic Acid Peel Versus 30% Salicylic Acid Peel in Mild-to-Moderate Acne Vulgaris: A Comparative Study
Authors: Dayal Surabhi , Singh Satbir , Sahu Priyadarshini 
Published: July 2021

Background: Both salicylic acid (SA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) have proven efficacy with goodsafety profiles in the treatment of acne vulgaris.
Objectives: This study compared the clinical efficacy and safety of 25% TCA and 30% SA peels in thetreatment of mild and moderate acne vulgaris.
Methods: Patients with mild or moderate acne vulgaris were randomized into 2 groups of 25 personseach, and treated with either the TCA peel or the SA peel at 2-week intervals for 12 weeks. Evaluationof active acne was done by individual lesion counts (comedones, papules and pustules) and calculationof the Michaelsson acne score (MAS).
Results: Both peels led to significant decrease in individual lesion counts and MAS compared to baselinevalues, without significant differences between the treatment groups. Thus, the peels had equivalentefficacy against acne vulgaris. The TCA peel was better in treating non-inflammatory lesions,while the SA peel was better for inflammatory lesions, but the differences were not significant. Noserious adverse effects were recorded, but more patients in the TCA peel group experienced burningand stinging sensations.
Conclusion: The efficacy of 25% TCA is comparable to that of 30% SA in mild-to-moderate acnevulgaris, but safety and tolerability were better with the SA peel than TCA peel.
Acquired White Oral Lesions with Specific Patterns: Oral Lichen Planus and Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Manfredini Marco , Pedroni Gioia , Bigi Laura , Apponi Roberto , Murri dello Iago Alberto , Dattola Annunziata , Farnetani Francesca , Pellacani Giovanni 
Published: July 2021

Background: Diagnosis of oral white lesions might be challenging. These lesions represent a wide spectrum of diseases with different etiology and prognosis. Oral white lesions can be categorized into two major groups, congenital and acquired, according to their development, and in four subgroups: lesions which can be scraped off or not and lesions with special pattern or not.
Objectives: The aim of this manuscript is to review, from diagnosis to treatment, the current knowledge on oral white lesions with specific pattern.
Methods: A review on oral white lesions with specific pattern was conducted on PubMed and Scopus from inception to January 2021.
Results: Among acquired lesions with specific pattern two clinical entities are mostly represented: Oral lichenoid reactions and Lupus erythematosus. The etiology of both diseases is still not known but their pathogenesis is mainly immunological. At present the mucoscopic features of those disease have been described only in few case reports or case series. Immunomodulatory therapies are often the agents of choice for their treatment.
Conclusions: The collaboration of dermatologists and dentists as a team is important for early diagnoses and effective treatments. Mucoscopy is a promising technique which may reveal important features for the differentiation of OLP and LE oral white lesions.
Technical Staffing Ratios
Authors: Novis David A. , Coulter Suzanne N. , Blond Barbara , Perrotta Peter 
Published: July 2021

Context.—
Laboratory managers and medical directors are charged with staffing their clinical laboratories as efficiently as possible.

Objective.—
To report and analyze the results of 3 College of American Pathologists Q-Probes studies that surveyed the normative rates of laboratory technical staffing ratios.

Design.—
Participants in the College of American Pathologists Q-Probes program submitted data on the levels of staffing and test volumes performed in their laboratories in 2014, 2016, and 2019. From these data, we calculated departmental productivity ratios, defined as testing volume per full-time equivalent, and degrees of managerial oversight, defined as the ratio of nonmanagement to management full-time equivalents. Participants completed general questionnaires surveying their hospital and laboratory demographics and practices, the data from which we determined demographic and practice characteristics that were significantly associated with technical staffing ratios.

Results.—
Sixty-seven, 82, and 79 institutions submitted data for the years 2019, 2016, and 2014, respectively. Technical staffing ratios varied widely among the various laboratory departments within each institution and among different institutions participating in this study. With the exception of cytology departments, productivity and managerial oversight ratios did not significantly change between these 3 studies. In the 2019 study, greater testing volumes were associated with higher productivity ratios. Significant associations between managerial oversight ratios and practice characteristics were not consistent across the 3 studies.

Conclusions.—
Technical staffing ratios varied widely among the various laboratory departments within each institution and among different institutions participating in this study.
FAIR and transparent research data
Authors: Ruud Kenneth , Aspaas Per Pippin 
Published: July 2021

This interview was recorded in July 2020 for DocEnhance, an EU-funded project that aims to broaden the expertise of PhDs by developing courses in transferable skills. One such transferable skill is how to manage your research data in a transparent manner and as much as possible in accordance with the FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reproducible). Professor of computational chemistry and prorector for research and development at UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Kenneth Ruud gives an introduction to FAIR and transparent research data management, emphasizing that this will not only help Science develop, but also help the career of individual researchers.
First published online: July 9, 2021.
Vitamin C in the Prevention of Contrast-induced Nephropathy among High-risk Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiogram: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Ong Rainnier Y. , Palanca Lou Andrew , Agustin Leana 
Published: July 2021

Background: Contrast-Induced nephropathy (CIN) is one of the leading causes of acute kidney injury. The most common procedures associated with CIN are coronary angiography and contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) [1]. The most common definition in use is an increase in serum creatinine (SCr) of >25% of the baseline values occurring following the intravascular administration of contrast media without an alternative explanation [2]. Generation of reactive oxygen species is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of CIN, hence researches have been conducted into the potential role of antioxidants in the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy [3]. Vitamin C, a potent antioxidant in humans has the ability to oxidize free radicals, and has been studied in different trials to measure its ability to prevent CIN among patients undergoing coronary angiogram.
Objective: To determine if vitamin C prevents CIN among High-risk patients (Creatinine Clearance <60 ml/min/m2, Diabetics, and on administration of high-volume contrast media).
Methodology: All studies, limited to randomized clinical trials were sought for this analysis through PubMed, the Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov. Database was searched using the terms “vitamin C”, “Prevention”, “acute kidney injury” and “contrast-induced nephropathy”. Adult patients (40-90 years old) with Creatinine Clearance of <60 ml/min/m2 or baseline creatinine >1.2 mg/dl, Diabetes Mellitus Type II, and were administered with high-volume contrast media (>100ml) undergoing coronary angiogram were included in the study. Exclusion Criteria were patients with normal baseline renal function, without risk factors for CIN, with EGFR < 30 ml/min/m2, with regular intake of Vitamin C and were on dialysis. Statistical data were obtained using Review Manager (RevMan) Version 5.3 freeware program. P Value was obtained using the Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test (CMH). Included patients were given Vitamin C at doses of 1 gram to 3 grams, taken orally or administered intravenously pre-and post coronary angiogram.
Results: Seven hundred and one (N=701) patients were included in this meta-analysis. CIN occurred in 3.5% of patients (N=25) in the ascorbic acid group and in 6% of patients (N= 42) in the placebo group (p value of 0.03).
Conclusion: Vitamin C given at doses 1 gram to 3 grams in combination with hydration prior to coronary angiogram may have a significant effect in the prevention of CIN in high-risk patients.
Review on SARS- CoV-2 Transmission, Infection and Pathogenesis in Animals
Authors: Okechukwu Nwiyi Paul 
Published: July 2021

Coronavirus are single stranded, positive sense, enveloped virus that belongs to the order Nidovirales. Coronavirus consists of pathogens of many animal species and humans including the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoV). This review considers the transmission, pathogenesis and diagnosis of coronavirus in animal. Transmission of coronavirus is by inhalation of aerosol or droplets containing the virus via respiratory system and close contact with infected patients. Clinical signs exhibited by coronavirus infected animals are; coughing, sneezing, diarrhea, fever and gastrointestinal symptoms. Coronavirus pathogenesis involves viral attachment or entry, replication, transcription, translation, assembly and eventual release. Polymerase chain reaction is the most modern and acceptable method for coronavirus detection because of its sensitivity and accuracy, though, several other methods abound. The PCR amplifies a specific region of a DNA strand; employs thermal cycling and the main agents are primers and a DNA polymerase. The process of denaturation, annealing and elongation constitutes a single cycle. Multiple cycles are required to amplifiy the target DNA to millions of copies.
Depression and cognitive impairment in the elderly: a multicentre study
Authors: Kielholz P , Adams C , Bech P , Bocksberger JP , Crombecque A , de Girolamo G , Fayolle K , Holsboer E , Katschnig H , Korten A , Küng A , Meyer JW , Pöldinger W , Prilipko L , Reubi I , Sartorius N 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe present study, conducted in collaboration between the Departments of Psychiatry in Swiss Universities and the World Health Organization, had two main goals: to develop assessment methods which could subsequently be used in the Swiss centres in a standard manner; and to make arrangements for continuing collaboration between the centres in Switzerland and the acquisition of new knowledge about the distinctions between depression and cognitive impairment. For this aim, three different groups of elderly patients of either sex were selected during the period of November 1989 to July 1991 for inclusion in the study. The first two groups included the first ten patients of either sex over 60 years of age consecutively contacting the participating institutions and showing depression with or without clinically significant symptoms of cognitive impairment; the control group included patients showing no depression or clinically significant symptoms of cognitive impairment. A total of 125 patients were included in the initial evaluation, 69 of which were reassessed at a seven-month follow up (on average). Each patient was administered a number of clinician-rated or self-report instruments for the assessment of depression, cognitive impairment, disabilities, physical status and onset of disorders. The study has shown that a variety of instruments can be used for the reliable assessment of depression or cognitive impairment in the elderly; but the instruments for the assessment of depression differentiate only poorly between patients with or without cognitive impairment. Because of the importance of identifying both depressed and cognitively impaired patients among the elderly, different assessment instruments targeted at the different symptom clusters need to be administered simultaneously.
Increased frequency of aberrant CSF circulation in schizophrenic patients compared to healthy volunteers
Authors: Oxenstierna G , Bergstrand G , Edman G , Flyckt L , Nybäck H , Sedvall G 
Published: July 2002

SummaryIn a previous cisternographic study of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation in schizophrenic patients, indications for disturbed flow dynamics were found in 10 of 30 subjects. In order to replicate and investigate the clinical and pathophysiological significance of this finding, 39 schizophrenic patients and 42 healthy subjects were examined with an improved method for measurement of CSF circulation. 99mTc-DTPA was injected intrathecally and the gamma cisternograms were evaluated blindly. Correlations between cisternography findings and age, duration of disease, previous hospitalizations, positive or negative symptomatology, exposure to neuroleptics, psychiatric family history, CT findings and CSF levels of protein, tryptophan and monoamine metabolites, were calculated. Seven of the patients showed abnormalities in the cisternograms with a slow or obstructed flow of CSF over the convexities (P < 0.01) whereas none of the healthy volunteers showed abnormalities. There were no correlations between disturbed CSF circulation in the patients and the clinical and biochemical parameters, thus the significance of the deviations, similar to other biological aberrations found in schizophrenic patients, is not known. Recent developments in magnetic resonance imaging offer new possibilities to further examine CSF circulation abnormalities in schizophrenia.
Enhanced matrix synthesis and in vitro formation of cartilage‐like tissue by genetically modified chondrocytes expressing BMP‐7
Authors: Hidaka Chisa , Quitoriano Mannix , Warren Russell F. , Crystal Ronald G. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBone morphogenic protein‐7 (BMP‐7) supports ectopic cartilage and bone formation, is expressed in normal articular cartilage, and increases matrix synthesis in chondrocytes. Based on this knowledge, we hypothesized that an adenovirus (Ad) vector encoding human BMP‐7 could be used to modify chondrocytes genetically to improve their capacity for cartilage repair. An adenovirus vector encoding BMP‐7 (AdBMP‐7) was constructed and its bioactivity confirmed by ectopic bone formation assay. AdBMP‐7 modification of bovine chondrocytes induced expression of BMP‐7 mRNA and bioactive protein, resulting in an increase in incorporation of 35SO into proteoglycan, 3H‐proline uptake into protein, and the expression of the cartilage‐specific matrix genes, aggrecan and type II collagen. An in vitro model of chondrocyte transplantation was used to demonstrate the feasibility of using genetically modified chondrocytes to enhance formation of cartilage‐like tissue. When transplanted onto cartilage explants and maintained in vitro for 3 weeks, chondrocytes modified with AdBMP‐7 formed 1.9‐fold thicker tissue than chondrocytes modified with a control vector (P < 0.001). This tissue was positive for type II collagen and proteoglycan but negative for type X collagen and demonstrated a cartilage‐like morphology. These observations suggest that Ad‐mediated transfer of BMP‐7 gene to chondrocytes enhances the chondrocyte‐specific matrix synthesis and their capacity to form cartilage‐like tissue, thus representing a strategy that may improve cell‐based cartilage repair. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Punlished by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Control of transcription in the RORa‐staggerer mutant mouse cerebellum: glutamate receptor delta2 mRNA
Authors: Messer Anne , Kang XiaoWei 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe staggerer (transcription factor RORa‐deleted) mutation blocks cerebellar Purkinje cell development shortly after birth. In double mutants, the homozygous staggerer mutation can ‘rescue’ Purkinje cells carrying a channel‐opening mutation in the Glutamate receptor delta2 (Lurcher) from apoptotic death during the third and fourth postnatal weeks. Transcript levels for the glutamate receptor delta2, a channel subunit that is found at both climbing fiber and parallel fiber synapses on cerebellar Purkinje cells, are higher in the staggerer mutant cerebellum than in the wild‐type cerebellum at age 14 days. By 21 days, the wild‐type level is higher, having increased tremendously while the staggerer increase is modest. The results imply that the mechanism protecting Purkinje cells in staggerer‐Lurcher double mutants operates by blocking mutant receptor protein localization, rather than mRNA transcription. Between the ages 10 and 14 days, the climbing fiber innervation of Purkinje cells is known to switch from multiple to single in wild‐type, but not in the staggerer mutant. Therefore, the results also suggest that the multiple innervation and the level of the receptor message are coordinated, either directly or indirectly.
Expression of the estrogen‐regulated gene Nip2 during rat brain maturation
Authors: Brusadelli Alessia , Sialino Hernan , Piepoli Tiziana , Pollio Giuseppe , Maggi Adriana 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe present study stems from previous observations demonstrating that in the neuroblastoma cell line SK‐ER3 the mRNA content of the pro‐apoptotic gene Nip2 is decreased following treatment with estradiol. We investigate the content of Nip2 mRNA during the maturation of rat embryo brain and we show that Nip2 mRNA is very low at embryo day 15 and steadily increases up to day 20. At day 21 Nip2 mRNA is decreased almost to the low levels observed in the mature brain. Studies in neurons from rat embryo at day 18 show that Nip2 mRNA content is significantly decreased by exposure to estradiol at 1 nM concentration demonstrating that the observations previously done in the SK‐ER3 neuroblastoma cell line can be reproduced in neurons in culture. The finding that estrogens may modulate the activity of Nip2 gene activity may be of relevance not only with regard to the effects of estradiol on brain maturation, but also for the understanding of the neuroprotective effects recently described for this hormone.
Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles Containing an Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (aPDL1) to Locally Induce Immune Responses in the Central Nervous System
Authors: Zhang Ming , Jiang Xuefeng , Zhang Qicheng , Zheng Tao , Mohammadniaei Mohsen , Wang Wentao , Shen Jian , Sun Yi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractImmunotherapy is an efficient approach to clinical oncology. However, the immune privilege of the central nervous system (CNS) limits the application of immunotherapeutic strategies for brain cancers, especially glioblastoma (GBM). Tumor resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors is a further challenge in immunotherapies. To overcome the immunological tolerance of brain tumors, a novel multifunctional nanoparticle (NP) for highly efficient synergetic immunotherapy is reported. The NP contains an anti‐PDL1 antibody (aPDL1), upconverting NPs, and the photosensitizer 5‐ALA; the surface of the NP is conjugated with the B1R kinin ligand to facilitate transport across the blood‐tumor‐barrier. Upon irradiation with a 980 nm laser, 5‐ALA is transformed into protoporphyrin IX, generating reactive oxygen species. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) further promotes intratumoral infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and sensitizes tumors to PDL1 blockade therapy. It is demonstrated that combining PDT and aPDL1 can effectively suppress GBM growth in mouse models. The proposed NPs provide a novel and effective strategy for boosting anti‐GBM photoimmunotherapy.
Flexible and Stretchable Capacitive Sensors with Different Microstructures
Authors: Qin Jing , Yin Li‐Juan , Hao Ya‐Nan , Zhong Shao‐Long , Zhang Dong‐Li , Bi Ke , Zhang Yong‐Xin , Zhao Yu , Dang Zhi‐Min 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecently, sensors that can imitate human skin have received extensive attention. Capacitive sensors have a simple structure, low loss, no temperature drift, and other excellent properties, and can be applied in the fields of robotics, human–machine interactions, medical care, and health monitoring. Polymer matrices are commonly employed in flexible capacitive sensors because of their high flexibility. However, their volume is almost unchanged when pressure is applied, and they are inherently viscoelastic. These shortcomings severely lead to high hysteresis and limit the improvement in sensitivity. Therefore, considerable efforts have been applied to improve the sensing performance by designing different microstructures of materials. Herein, two types of sensors based on the applied forces are discussed, including pressure sensors and strain sensors. Currently, five types of microstructures are commonly used in pressure sensors, while four are used in strain sensors. The advantages, disadvantages, and practical values of the different structures are systematically elaborated. Finally, future perspectives of microstructures for capacitive sensors are discussed, with the aim of providing a guide for designing advanced flexible and stretchable capacitive sensors via ingenious human‐made microstructures.
Ultrathin Surface Coating of Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Enables Stable Zinc Anodes for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Jiahui , Xie Man , Wu Feng , Mei Yang , Hao Yutong , Huang Ruling , Wei Guangling , Liu Anni , Li Li , Chen Renjie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOwing to the high volumetric capacity and low redox potential, zinc (Zn) metal is considered to be a remarkably prospective anode for aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (AZIBs). However, dendrite growth severely destabilizes the electrode/electrolyte interface, and accelerates the generation of side reactions, which eventually degrade the electrochemical performance. Here, an artificial interface film of nitrogen (N)‐doped graphene oxide (NGO) is one‐step synthesized by a Langmuir–Blodgett method to achieve a parallel and ultrathin interface modification layer (≈120 nm) on Zn foil. The directional deposition of Zn crystal in the (002) planes is revealed because of the parallel graphene layer and beneficial zincophilic‐traits of the N‐doped groups. Meanwhile, through the in situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry and in situ Raman tests, the directional plating morphology of metallic Zn at the interface effectively suppresses the hydrogen evolution reactions and passivation. Consequently, the pouch cells pairing this new anode with LiMn2O4 cathode maintain exceptional energy density (164 Wh kg−1 after 178 cycles) at a reasonable depth of discharge, 36%. This work provides an accessible synthesis method and in‐depth mechanistic analysis to accelerate the application of high‐specific‐energy AZIBs.
Attractive Pickering Emulsion Gels
Authors: Wu Baiheng , Yang Chenjing , Xin Qi , Kong Linlin , Eggersdorfer Max , Ruan Jian , Zhao Peng , Shan Jianzhen , Liu Kai , Chen Dong , Weitz David A. , Gao Xiang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractProperties of emulsions highly depend on the interdroplet interactions and, thus, engineering interdroplet interactions at molecular scale are essential to achieve desired emulsion systems. Here, attractive Pickering emulsion gels (APEGs) are designed and prepared by bridging neighboring particle‐stabilized droplets via telechelic polymers. In the APEGs, each telechelic molecule with two amino end groups can simultaneously bind to two carboxyl functionalized nanoparticles in two neighboring droplets, forming a bridged network. The APEG systems show typical shear‐thinning behaviors and their viscoelastic properties are tunable by temperature, pH, and molecular weight of the telechelic polymers, making them ideal for direct 3D printing. The APEGs can be photopolymerized to prepare APEG‐templated porous materials and their microstructures can be tailored to optimize their performances, making the APEG systems promising for a wide range of applications.