bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forward Light Scatter at One Month After Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Harrison Joseph M , Tennant Thomas B , Gwin Marc C , Applegate Raymond A , Tennant Jerald L , van den Berg Thomas J T P , Lohmann Chris P 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Although it is known that backward light scatter increases transiently following most excimer laser photorefractive keratectomies (PRKs), it is not clear that there is a significant increase in forward light scatter, which is of primary concern for the patient. The object of this study was to determine if there is a significant change of forward light scatter at 1 month after (PRK) with an ablation zone diameter of 6 mm.
METHODS: Overlapping subsets of 24 normal myopic eyes were tested before (on the day of surgery) and 1 month after PRK, using three instruments: a Stray Light Meter (16 eyes); a Computerized Stray Light Meter (14 eyes); and a mesopic Increment Threshold-Glare Paradigm (six eyes). Differences between the two eyes before PRK were compared with the differences between the same eye before and after PRK, using repeated measured analysis of variance. In addition, increment threshold data obtained from 22 eyes after PRK were compared with those of 60 controls of the same age range and distribution by a t test.
RESULTS: None of the statistical comparisons
approached significance at the a =0.05 level. Changes in light scatter as small as a factor of 1.95 (Stray Light Meter) and 1.55 (Increment ThresholdGlare Paradigm) could be detected as significant with a high power (0.8). Changes larger than a factor of 21 could be detected with a power of 0.8 for the Computerized Stray Light Meter.
CONCLUSIONS: In these data, there is no support for the hypothesis that forward light scatter increases significantly 1 month after PRK with an ablation zone of 6 mm. Any increases in forward light scatter are unlikely to he greater than a factor of 1.5 to 2 under daytime or nighttime illumination conditions. [J Refract Surg. 1995;11:83-88.]
Classification of Variable Clinical Response After Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia
Authors: Durrie Daniel S , Lesher Mark P , Cavanaugh Timothy B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Variation in healing response has been noted after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).
METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 116 eyes that underwent PRK for myopia was performed. Standard surgical protocol and postoperative corticosteroid treatment were followed for all eyes. Scattergrams of achieved correction versus attempted correction at 6 months after surgery were analyzed. Subepithelial corneal haze was compared with refractive outcome.
RESULTS: Three healing responses were observed. Normal responders (84.5%) showed a hyperopic overcorrection at 1 month with a gradual regression toward plano and good refractive outcome. Inadequate responders (11.2%) showed a pronounced early hyperopic overcorrection (greater than 1.50 diopters [D]) with minimal regression at 6 months. Aggressive responders (4.3%) displayed an early overcorrection with rapid regression toward myopia. Clear to trace subepithelial corneal haze was present at 6 months in 96% of normal and inadequate responders. Aggressive responders had more pronounced subepithelial haze at 6 months.
CONCLUSION: Variation in the amount of subepithelial healing response occurs after excimer laser PRK. Abnormal healing responses may be detected early in the postoperative period by correlation of refractive error with the amount of subepithelial haze. [J Refract Surg. 1995;11:341-347.]
Bilateral Penetrating Autokeratoplasty
Authors: Price Francis W , Ranna Sherif I 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Corneal transplantation is an important modality for treatment of a variety of degenerative, congenital, and traumatic disorders. Despite great advances in surgical techniques, postoperative care, and eye banking over the past 20 years, corneal graft rejection continues to be a substantial risk to successful outcome.
METHODS: We describe a series of three cases in which the clear cornea from a blind eye was used to replace an opaque cornea on a fellow eye with known visual potential and the abnormal cornea was transplanted on the blind eye. Mean follow up was 74 months (range, 66 to 84 months). All three patients had concurrent glaucoma at presentation, and one had a highly vascularized cornea.
RESULTS: Spectacle-corrected vision improved in all cases postoperatively. However, one patient had a non-immune graft failure 58 months after surgery.
CONCLUSIONS: The use of autologous tissue avoids the risk of allograft rejection after penetrating keratoplasty and eliminates the need for long-term postoperative corticosteroids which may exacerbate pre-existing glaucoma. In selected patients, autokeratoplasty can be a useful technique, especially if heavy corneal vascularization or pre-existing glaucoma is present. [J Refract Surg. 1995;11:494-496.]
Topical Tetracaine With Bandage Soft Contact Lens Pain Control After Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Brilakis Harilaos S , Deutsch Thomas A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: A major disadvantage of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) is pain and discomfort in the first three postoperative days. We tried to assess the efficacy and safety to the cornea of a limited amount of topical tetracaine given to patients for use when needed to manage severe pain.
METHODS: Sixty-nine eyes of 49 patients who underwent PRK between June 21, 1996 and June 15, 1998 by a single surgeon were prospectively included. Approximately 10 drops of commercial, non-preserved 0.5% tetracaine were given to patients to use when needed to control severe pain. A bandage soft contact lens was applied. Patients were examined at 1 and 3 days after surgery, at which time corneal re-epithelization was assessed and the number of tetracaine drops used was noted. No systemic analgesic or topical non-steroidal antiinflammatory was prescribed.
RESULTS: All eyes healed within 3 days. The mean number of drops of tetracaine used was 2.3 drops over 3 days, although in 33 eyes (48%) the patient did not use any tetracaine. There was no correlation between the attempted correction in diopters and the number of drops used. No significant difference was found in the number of drops used in the second eye of patients who had both eyes treated.
CONCLUSIONS: Limited use of topical anesthetics is an effective and safe analgesic option after PRK. Use of tetracaine in this protocol did not prolong the time to re-epithelialization. Giving only a limited amount of tetracaine to patients prevents abuse and toxicity to the cornea while managing severe pain. [J Refract Surg 2000;16:444-447]
Microbial Keratitis After Laser in situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Pushker Neelam , Dada Tanuj , Sony Parul , Ray Manotosh , Agarwal Tushar , Vajpayee Rasik B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE AND METHOD: To review the literature on microbial keratitis reported after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).
RESULTS: Forty-one eyes have been reported to have microbial keratitis after LASIK. The causative organisms vary from gram positive bacteria to atypical mycobacteria, fungal, and viral pathogens. The infection is usually acquired intraoperatively, but may also be caused by postoperative contamination. A majority of the patients present within 72 hours of the surgery with an acute onset of symptoms. Management of microbial keratitis after LASIK includes aggressive topical fortified antibiotic therapy, irrigation of stromal bed with antibiotic solution after lifting the flap, and sending the scraping of the infiltrate for microbiological evaluation. The keratitis heals with scarring and a best spectacle-corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better can be obtained in the majority of the patients.
CONCLUSION: Microbial keratitis is a sightthreatening complication of LASIK [J Refract Surg 2002;18:280-286]
Adaptive Optics Visual Simulator
Authors: Fernández Enrique J , Manzanera Silvestre , Piers Patricia , Artal Pablo 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To develop a prototype instrument that uses adaptive optics to introduce virtually any desired aberration profile in a subject's eye. At the same time, the instrument could be used to evaluate the subject's spatial vision for each controlled aberration profile. This "aberration testing station" or "visual simulator" allows us to study the relationship between specific aberrations and visual quality.
METHODS: The apparatus uses infrared light to measure the wavefront aberration of the system plus the eye with a Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor. Defocus is added (or removed) with a computer-controlled, motorized optometer, while higher order aberrations are introduced by a 37-channel membrane deformante mirror. A parallel viewing channel is used for visual testing with the instrument. Visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and other visual tests are performed under normal viewing for each desired aberration profile.
RESULTS: The range of defocus that can be added is nearly unlimited, while the maximum amount of other aberration modes is restricted to approximately 0.5 µ?a., depending on mode. Pure modes or any selected combination of modes can be produced with high repeatability and precision (usually better than 0.05 /<m), and the system works for pupil diameters up to 6 mm (with a natural pupil).
CONCLUSIONS: The adaptive optics visual simulator is a powerful, non-invasive tool to evaluate how aberrations affect vision. In addition, it can be used for the interactive design and testing of new ophthalmic devices, and for the simulation of visual outcomes in customized refractive surgery. [J Refract Surg 2002;18:S634-S638]
Epiphora Following Rhinoplasty and Caldwell-Luc Procedures
Authors: Cies William A , Baylis Henry I 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Cosmetic rhinoplasty and maxillary sinus surgery are rare causes of lacrimal obstruction. The lacrimal sac is quite vulnerable to damage by the lateral osteotomy of the rhinoplasty. While obstruction from such damage usually resolves in three months, these three cases illustrate the risk of persistent obstruction, particularly in complicated cases. The nasoantral window in the Caldwell-Luc may damage the distal lacrimal opening if it is placed too high, or made too large. Occasionally, the duct will extend more anterior and inferior and be quite vulnerable to damage by the nasal antrostomy.
An Evaluation of 8-0 Polyglactin 910 Synthetic Absorbable Suture in Cataract Surgery
Authors: Blaydes J Elliott 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
This study describes the operative and postoperative performance of 8-0 Polyglactin 910 in cataract surgery. The evaluation represents a clinical comparison of 7-0 Polyglactin 910 to the same suture in 8-0 size in 155 cataract surgical procedures. In 45 cases, 8-0 Polyglactin 910 was the sole wound closure material used.
8-0 Polyglactin 910 provided high tensile strength, good knot security, batch-to-batch uniformity, ease of handling, minimal reaction, and a predictable absorption rate that was virtually completed in 33 days. When compared to 7-0 Polyglactin 910, 8-0 produced less tissue drag, fibrillation, and reaction.
Early in our series, three cases of wound dehiscence occurred. One was caused by trauma and the other two by 8-0 Polyglactin 910 cutting through tissue. This study's conclusion stresses avoiding the tendency of tying the knot too tightly to prevent suture pull-out
Experience with Donor Sclera for Extruding Orbital Implants
Authors: Zolli Christine , Shannon Gerard M 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Accumulated clinical evidence has confirmed the suitability of eye bank sclera as a structural and reconstructive material for lid and orbital surgery.
Since 1970 we have been using fresh donor sclera. In our series of sixty-four cases, seventeen were for extruding or extruded orbital implants. Of these seventeen only two had any sort of complication, and these were easily corrected.
This technique has permitted a successful prosthetic fitting within six weeks following surgery, with good cosmesis in all cases.
Surgical Management of Cataract Associated with Chronic Uveitis
Authors: Dangel Matthew E , Stark Walter J , Michels Ronald G 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Eight eyes in five patients with cataracts associated with chronic uveitis were operated upon with instrumentation designed for vitreous surgery. A clear visual axis with improvement in visual acuity was achieved in all cases. There were no major operative complications. Vitrectomy instrumentation provides improvements over conventional techniques in the management of these difficult surgical cases.
Dacryocystorhinostomy With Silicone Tubes: Evaluation of 253 Cases
Authors: Rosen Nachum , Shark Mordechai , Moverman David C , Rosner Mordechai 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Two hundred fifty-three patients with chronic epiphora underwent dacryocystorhinostomy combined with silicone intubation of the lacrimal drainage system. An overall success rate of 91.3% was achieved. Since the tubes were well-tolerated posto peratively, complications were rare and benign. Although our success rate is similar to those reported for similar cases using other techniques, we find that silicone intubation facilitates surgery in cases with excessive intraoperative bleeding or nasal mucosal tears, and simplifies postoperative follow-up.
Anterior Chamber Depth Following Filtration Surgery
Authors: Kao Sue F , Lichter Paul R , Musch David C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We measured the anterior chamber depth in 20 consecutive phakic glaucoma patients undergoing thermal sclerostomy (n = 12) or trabeculectomy (n = 8). Using the Haag-Streit pachymeter, measurements were taken preoperatively and at postoperative days 1, 2, 3, 6, 15, and 42. In all eyes, shallowing of the anterior chamber was observed following surgery. It was greatest by postoperative day 2 or 3, with maximum mean decreases from preoperative anterior chamber depths of 70.9% for thermal sclerostomy and 54.0% for trabeculectomy. In 18 patients, the anterior chamber depth gradually deepened over the course of postoperative days 4 through 15, so that by 15 days after surgery, the average anterior chamber depth was 87.6% of the preoperative level. In two patients who ultimately required surgical reformation on their anterior chamber, however, only a minimal deepening occurred over this interval. At 15 days after surgery, the average anterior chamber of these two patients was significantly more shallow (37.5% of the preoperative anterior chamber depth, p = 0.003) than the mean of the other 18 patients (87.6% of the preoperative anterior chamber depth). These observations suggest that if the anterior chamber has not reformed by postoperative day 15, spontaneous reformation of the anterior chamber is unlikely and surgical intervention may be required.
Dacryocystorhinostomy Failure: Association With Nasolacrimal Silicone Intubation
Authors: Allen Kerry , Berlin A Jan 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A retrospective review of 242 consecutive dacryocystorhinostomies (DCRs) revealed no association between failure and either age, gender, or etiology of the nasolacrimal obstruction. However, silicone intubation of the nasolacrimal system was associated with a statistically significant increase in the failure rate of primary DCR. We postulate that silicone tubing by inciting granuloma formation in the nose and lacrimal fossa, predisposes to DCR failure. Routine use of silicone tubing in DCR should be avoided unless there is canalicular scarring, a large valve of Rosenmueller occluding the common canaliculus, or a small contracted or scarred lacrimal sac.
Basal Cell Carcinoma Originating in the Lacrimal Canaliculus
Authors: Garrett Algin B , Dufresne Raymond G , Ratz John Louis , Berlin A Jan 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We present, to our knowledge for the first time in the English literature, a case of basal cell carcinoma involving the medial canthus arising from the wall of the lacrimal canaliculus.
Trabeculotomy Ab Externo: An Alternative Treatment in Adult Patients With Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Chihara Etsuo , Nishida Akihiro , Kodo Midori , Yoshimura Nagahisa , Matsumura Miyo , Yamamoto Miho , Tsukada Takako 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Seventy-nine adult patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) were randomly assigned to treatment by modified trabeculotomy ab externo (TAB) (n = 44) and by trabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin C (TMC) (n = 35), and the postoperative outcomes achieved with these two techniques were compared. With TAB, the probability of successful intraocular pressure control 1 year postoperatively was .8644; with TMC, .8432; the difference is not significant (P = .7956). However, postoperative complications such as corneal epithelial damage, bleb leaks, hypotony, flat anterior chamber, and serous choroidal detachment were significantly less frequent in the TAB group. Largely because of this latter consideration, in selected cases, TAB may be a viable alternative to TMC.
Management of Zonular Dialysis in Phacoemulsification and IOL Implantation Using the Capsular Tension Ring
Authors: Gimbel Howard V , Sun Ran , Heston Jonathan P 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cataract surgery with zonular dialysis remains a challenge for surgeons performing phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. In this article, the authors report the results of cataract surgery with zonular dialysis that was managed with the capsular tension ring.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Of the 14 cataract surgery cases with loose or broken zonules managed with capsular tension rings that were retrospectively reviewed, 5 selected cases are presented in this article.
* RESULTS: The authors found that die capsular tension ring helps to avoid capsular collapse and vitreous presentation during surgery and maintains the circular contour of the capsular bag, allowing the intraocular lens to easily be placed into the bag. There was no observable decentration of the intraocular lens after surgery.
* CONCLUSION: The capsular tension ring may provide an alternative means to manage zonular dialysis during phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:273-281.]
Pars Plana Vitrectomy in the Treatment of Combined Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment and Choroidal Detachment in Aphakic or Pseudophakic Patients
Authors: Yang Chung M 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The presence of extensive choroidal detachment (CD) in eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a major preoperative complication. Conventional treatment consists of 7 days to a few weeks of systemic and topical steroids followed by scleral buckling and drainage of suprachoroidal fluid. The author studied the usefulness of pars plana vitrectomy in the management of RRD combined with CD.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ten consecutive patients with RRD complicated by CD were treated with pars plana vitrectomy. Nine had had previous cataract extraction, and one patient had pars plana lensectomy at the time of the surgery. The severity of the CD was evaluated with preoperative ophthalmologic echography. Sclerotomy sites for infusion cannulas were chosen in the area with less CD. Six-millimeter infusion cannulas were used. Pars plana vitrectomy, membrane peeling, and internal fluid-gas exchange with encircling scleral buckle placement were performed in a standard fashion. One patient had silicone oil injected.
* RESULTS: In each case, suprachoroidal fluid drained spontaneously through the sclerotomy sites around the vitrectomy instruments during the initial course of the operation without extra sclerotomy. Immediate intraoperative retinal reattachment was achieved in 10 cases. The retina remained attached in 9 cases during at least 6 months of follow-up without additional surgery.
* CONCLUSION: These cases demonstrate the usefulness of pars plana vitrectomy in treating RRD with CD in aphakic or Pseudophakie eyes. This method may be an favorable alternative to conventional treatment.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:288-293.]
Histopathologic Effects of Mitomycin-C on Endoscopic Transnasal Dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Ugurbas Suat Hayri , Zilelioglu Güler , Sargon Mustafa Fevzi , Anadolu Yücel , Akiner Metin , Aktürk Tevfik 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The antimetabolite mitomycin-C is now being used in endoscopic transnasal dacryocystorhinostomies to prevent the closure of osteotomies.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: A 0.5-mg/ml solution of mitomycin-C was applied to the osteotomy site for 2Vi minutes intraoperatively. Specimens from four patients were collected during surgery and at 1 5 days, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery. The specimens were examined under light and electron transmission microscopy and were compared with control specimens.
* RESULTS: Light microscopy showed attenuated epithelium with intracytoplasmic vacuoles. Subepithelial connective tissue was looser and hypocellular. Electron microscopy confirmed these findings and demonstrated swelling of mitochondria, dilatation of endoplasmic reticulum, and chromatin-dense granules in nuclei of fibroblasts.
* CONCLUSION: By causing a decrease in density and cellularity of mucosa, topical use of mitomycin-C may enhance the success of surgery; however, further studies are necessary to determine the ultimate potential of this agent for this procedure.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:300-304.]
Small Incision Cataract Surgery and Placement of Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lenses in Patients With Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Raskauskas Paul A , Walker Joseph P , Wing Glenn L , Fletcher Donald C , Elsner Ann E 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Diabetic patients undergoing cataract surgery have been demonstrated to have a guarded prognosis. Small incision cataract surgery has been postulated to cause fewer complications than other techniques of cataract extraction. We looked at small incision cataract surgery to see how diabetics fared.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred fifty-four eyes of diabetic patients were evaluated preoperatively through dilated fundus examination and Snellen visual acuity. The eyes then underwent small incision cataract surgery and were followed, undergoing periodic ophthalmoscopy, Snellen visual acuity measurement and additional postoperative therapeutic and surgical intervention.
* RESULTS: Final visual acuity improved by two Snellen lines or more in 61 out of 154 (40%) eyes. Final visual acuity worsened in 38 out of 154 (25%) eyes.
* CONCLUSIONS: Our results are similar to those reported for extracapsular surgery and phacoemulsification, suggesting that the prognosis is guarded for diabetics, even when undergoing small incision cataract surgery.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30: 6-11.]
Intraocular Pressure Reduction Following Phacoemulsification Cataract Extraction With Posterior Chamber Lens Implantation in Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Kim David D , Doyle J William , Smith M Fran 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) following uneventful phacoemulsification cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation (Phaco/PC IOL) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed preoperative and postoperative IOP in 31 consecutive medically-controlled POAG patients who underwent uneventful Phaco/PC IOL. None of the patients had prior intraocular surgery.
RESULTS: The mean preoperative IOP in the POAG group was 18.1 ± 3.1 mm Hg with patients receiving a mean of 1.7 antiglaucoma medications. With a mean follow-up of 16.4 months, the average postoperative IOP in the POAG group was 15.2 ± 2.9 mm Hg (P < .001, Student's t test) with patients receiving a mean of 0.7 antiglaucoma medication (P < .001).
* CONCLUSION: Phaco/PC IOL may be associated with a significant decrease in IOP in POAG patients, allowing for decreased postoperative antiglaucoma medication.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999; 30: 37-40.]