bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photo‐Cross‐linked DNA Structures Greatly Improves Their Serum Nuclease Resistances and Gene Knock‐In Efficiencies
Authors: Li Zhigang , Ma Youwei , Li Chengxu , Xiao Shiyan , Liang Haojun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe stabilization and structural integrity of DNA architectures remain significant challenges in their biomedical applications, particularly when inserting functional units into the genome using long single‐stranded DNA (lssDNA). To address these challenges, a site‐specific photo‐cross‐linking method is employed. Single‐stranded oligonucleotides, containing one or two photosensitive cyanovinylcarbazole nucleoside (CNVK) molecules, are precisely incorporated and cross‐linked at the specific sites of ssDNA through base‐pairing, followed by rapid UV irradiation at 365 nm. This interstrand photo‐cross‐linking improves the thermal stability of DNA duplexes and allows this study to afford a tetrahedral DNA nanostructure in a yield of >94%. Most importantly, the photo‐cross‐linked DNA architectures exhibit high resistances against serum degradation, especially prevent digestion of exonuclease III (exo III), which is common in conventional lambda‐processing method. Meanwhile, this photo‐cross‐linking treatment can significantly improve the knock‐in (KI) efficiencies of lssDNA in different cells including 293T, K562, and HepG2, approximately three to eightfold those of the uncross‐linked lssDNA, and remain a low cytotoxicity. Given the significantly enhanced nuclease resistance in serum and improved KI efficiencies, this study anticipates that this photo‐cross‐linking method will become a valuable tool in technologically advanced biomedical applications, such as nanotechnology and nucleic acid therapy.
Mitigating Passivation Layer Damage and Lowering Contact Resistivity of TOPcon Solar Cells Through Low PbO Content Ag Paste
Authors: Chen Sheshicheng , Guo Cuiwen , Feng Jiwei , Zhang Xiaopeng , An Ruihao , Liu Zunke , Du Haojiang , Gou Yangyang , Xiao Chuanxiao , Liu Wei , Yang Jie , Xu Menglei , Tan Ying , Gu Zhijie , Qiao Yifan , Li Changzhi , Yang Zhenhai , Zeng Yuheng , Zhang Weiming , Ye Jichun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe development of front‐side pastes suitable for devices with high sheet resistance such as tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon), is of great significance but remains a considerable challenge. The optimization of the Ag‐Si contact interface is crucial for enhancing contact and improving the efficiency of these devices. This work investigates the front‐side Ag pastes with low Al content (<2 wt.%) and different frit compositions for TOPCon. It is found that the paste with low‐addition frit effectively prevents excessive etching of passivation layers and minimizes additional damage to boron emitters while ensuring favorable contact. Meanwhile, the lowly FT (fire through) paste promotes Ag nanoparticles with larger particle sizes and higher quantities in the interfacial glass, thereby enhancing the conductivity of the interfacial glass and reducing contact resistivity. A low contact resistivity of ≈1 mΩ·cm2 and superior photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 25.19% are achieved on TOPCon with a sheet resistance of ≈350 Ω/□. This work demonstrates the application potential of Ag‐Al paste with low Al content suitable for high sheet resistance emitters by modulating the Ag‐Si interface structure. The coupling between microstructure and device performance is elucidated offering an innovative approach for developing silver paste suitable for high sheet resistance TOPCon.
Metamorphic Testing on Scientific Programs for Solving Second‐Order Elliptic Differential Equations
Authors: Yan Shiyu , Zhu Hong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPractical problems in scientific computation that solve differential equations rarely have explicit exact solutions. Therefore, verifying the correctness of such programs has long been a challenge due to the difficulty of producing expected outputs on test cases. In this paper, the principles of metamorphic testing are applied to verify programs that solve second‐order elliptic differential equations. We present a testing process specifically tailored for the verification testing of scientific computation programs and integrate it to the process of developing scientific software. Unlike existing approaches, we formally derive metamorphic relations from the numerical models of differential equations built in development process of scientific computing programs. The experimental results clearly show that our approach is effective in detecting faults commonly found in scientific computing programs. It outperforms the fault detecting ability of the trend method, which is a traditional testing method for scientific software.
Advanced neutralization technique for the treatment of highly acidic wastewater from steel rolling mills of western Rajasthan
Authors: Tatiya Shreyansh , Maurya Shiwangi , Pandey Mohit , Bhattacharya Shantanu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this study, we developed an economical treatment process for highly acidic effluents from steel rolling mills containing toxic heavy metals. Our method involves a pH‐dependent approach using mining waste and hydrated lime. The treatment occurs in two steps: First, metal oxides precipitate at pH 3–3.5 using mining waste, followed by lime precipitation at pH 9–9.5. The process, completed in less than 6 h without heavy machinery, reduces sludge formation by extracting high‐purity gypsum, a valuable industrial product. Water quality posttreatment matches local groundwater standards. Compared to conventional methods like common effluent treatment plant (CETP) in Jodhpur, India, our approach reduces operational costs by over 58%. In this study, we also characterized the by‐product formed, that is, gypsum using various characterization tools and performed a detailed cost analysis.Practitioner Points
A quick, efficient, and economical treatment process for extremely acidic (pH ~ 1) wastewater from steel industries.
Stepwise treatment strategy without involving heavy machinery or high manpower.
Processed water quality closely resembles groundwater with all the major heavy metals been removed.
Sludge quantity reduced by regeneration of pure gypsum (96% purity).
Reduced the overall operation cost of effluent treatment by 58%.
Navigating the Complexities of the OTC Medicine Ecosystem
Authors: Caratti Elena 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe previous chapters have analysed the difficulties a patient may face in purchasing a medicine, even though supported by the prescription and the information he or she may receive, in written or verbal form, from the doctor during the examination and from the pharmacist during dispensing of the medicine. However, some medicines do not need to be prescribed by the doctor but can be purchased independently by the patient. In these cases, even more so than in the case of medicines dispensed on prescription, it is necessary for the information accompanying the medicine to be comprehensive, understandable and to make certain information available to the patient before the medicine is purchased. This is the case here with over-the-counter analgesics.
The In-Home Place of Medications: Perspectives of Domestication
Authors: Pizzocaro Silvia 
Published: December 2024

AbstractStarting from the relevance of observing people’s behaviors with common types of medicines, this contribution is intended to pinpoint some notes that revolve around in-home medication. What is proposed is a reflection on medicines as tangible, concrete devices that materialize the meaning of medication in the prosaic in-home dimension. While literature mainly intends the domestication of pharmaceutical consumption as either the pharmaceuticalization of daily life, or the domestication of usage, here we will use the term ‘domestication’ to mean the latter only. This perspective tries to highlight some traits of the use of medicines within the in-home spaces of everyday life, among ordinary things. It also looks at people’s real behaviors with medications to let habits, routines, and even rituals emerge. Against the background of these study interests, the consideration is posed that a substantial percentage of medication non-compliances, inconveniences, even errors and/or difficulties may be caused not only by lack of info-communicative aspects, but by the deficiencies of still ameliorable user-centered qualities of medicines themselves. These are deficiencies that may variably concern the usable properties of medicines as commodities (shape, size, proportions, annex co-products for intake or dosage) and the traits of that peculiar relation between users and medication use which may disorient the user, favoring or—conversely—hindering access or correct use, reducing but also potentially inducing possible errors. The framework within which in-home medication is approached here advocates the relevance of those disciplinary contributions stemming from studies in product design, product affordance, product-user cognition and interaction, accessibility, and usability design. Meant as a theoretical contribution, this reflection partly reviews some consolidated studies conducted in the anthropology of pharmaceuticals, while integrating inputs derived from person-centered care literature.
In-Home. Medicinal Treatment as a Learning Process
Authors: Penati Antonella Valeria 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHow do patients know what they know about medicines use? And how do they know whether their actions in preparing for treatment are correct? When faced with a new medicine, do patients perceive they must begin a real learning and training process? And, if so, how does this thinking inform their actions? What basic knowledge does each patient possess about the use of medicines? How are they formed, and what are the sources of information that educate the patient-user of the medicine? We have noted, in previous chapters (refer to Chap. 8 of this text), the fragmentary way in which the patient is given information about the management of treatment: some of it comes from the doctor, some of it from the pharmacist, and some of it is retrieved from the package leaflet and the indications on the primary and secondary packaging. The medicine itself, its shape and the markings on its surface can give the patient valuable hints on how to take it correctly (on this aspect, see Chap. 16 of this text). How do these different levels of information play out when the patient finds himself, in his own home, ‘face to face’ with medicines? Through what tools and practices does the patient’s knowledge regarding the appropriate and correct medicine use take shape? This chapter attempts to answer these questions by looking at therapy in the home environment as a learning process.
Pharmaceutical Packaging According to the “Packaging Ethics Charter”
Authors: Bucchetti Valeria 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe chapter analyses the role that packaging plays in pharmacological products, starting with the communicative and instrumental aspects. Like and arguably more than other products, the medicine needs the prosthetic, synthetic and directing mediation aspect of packaging; the medicine is one of those types of things which, through packaging, take on a form, become products and usable content. The observations developed in the chapter take their cue from those in the Ethical Packaging Charter, a document for the study and analysis of packaging concerning the needs of the consumer, the user, the environment, and society.
Dispensing Medicines: A Necessary Link Between Doctor and Patient
Authors: Penati Antonella Valeria 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBased on a broad body of literature, the chapter highlights the plethora of problems surrounding dispensing. These include the information gaps that punctuate the transition between prescription and dispensation, the inadequacy of the documentary supports (medical prescription, therapeutic plan, the patient’s pharmacological history, information on current therapies, etc.), a not always transparent allocation of information tasks concerning the medical doctor and the pharmacist. The main insights that have oriented the research on the dispensary context are also presented: the focus on environmental requirements (organisation of space; logistics of pharmaceutical products; lighting, ambient noise), the emphasis on work organisation requirements (allocation of tasks to staff; task overload; task diversification), and the focus on the transformation of the pharmacy’s nature from a place for dispensing medicines to a place for selling para pharmaceutical products and providing service). In particular, the chapter focuses on the limitations and problems associated with the prescription and packaging of medicine because of their importance in the dispensing phase.
Letting the Planet Speak: Nonhuman Voices Through Narrative, Sound Art, and Technology
Authors: Mengozzi Chiara 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe habitability of the planet Earth depends on countless organisms, entities, and processes, most of which lie beyond our immediate experience. Several literary critics have praised performative and sound art for its striking ability, compared to literary works, to bring the biotic and abiotic components of the Earth system into our perceptual and sensorial realm, without projecting human meanings onto them. But how does this sensorial experience translate into ecological-oriented political action?Comparing some important examples of sound art and narrative works, this chapter (i) analyzes the artistic and technological devices that enable the transformative processes of the Anthropocene to become tangible to human senses; (ii) demonstrates the insufficiency of immersive knowledge experiences as tools for triggering ecological awareness and forms of eco-responsible politics; and, finally, (iii) argues for the need to articulate, through narrative, the problems of perception with those of representation and advocacy.
Einleitung
Authors: Noesen Melanie 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungIm Zentrum dieses Buches stehen Lernen und Unterricht im Spannungsfeld zwischen Kompetenzstandardisierung und Inklusion, zwischen funktional-utilitaristischer Output-Orientierung und Bildungstheorie. Den Fokus richte ich hierbei auf das Portfolio und seine Funktionen innerhalb der luxemburgischen Bildungsreform. Mit Hilfe qualitativer Erhebungsmethoden habe ich während eines halben Jahres in einer Lerngruppe in einer inklusionsorientierten Grundschule erforscht, wie das Portfolio von den Kindern, Lehrpersonen und Eltern eingesetzt wird, welche Perspektiven die Beteiligten auf die Portfolioarbeit richten und synthetisiert, welche Funktionen diese in diesem Mikrokosmos erfüllt.
Lernen, Inklusion und Portfolioarbeit
Authors: Noesen Melanie 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungWie im ersten Teil beschrieben, beruht diese Arbeit auf ideologischen Prämissen. Diese bedingen auch eine klare Positionierung bezüglich epistemologischer und – davon ausgehend – lerntheoretischer Annahmen. Aus diesem Grund verorte ich zu Beginn folgender theoretischer Ausführungen meine lerntheoretischen Perspektiven, indem ich mich an den Schnittstellen von Autor*innen der ursprünglichen und neuen kulturhistorischen Schule, auf den semiotischen Pragmatismus und die kritische Schule beziehe.
Spracherziehung in Schulprogrammen und Lesebüchern
Authors: Salzer Dorothea M. 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die vor dem Hintergrund aufklärerischen Sprachverständnisses stattfindenden pädagogischen Debatten zum Sprachunterricht für jüdische Kinder und deren praktische Umsetzung in den von den jüdischen Aufklärern gegründeten Schulen. Es werden sowohl erziehungstheoretische Texte als auch Lehrpläne und Schulbücher vorgestellt, um zu demonstrieren, dass der Sprachunterricht einen Schwerpunkt der maskilischen Erziehungsreform bildete, der auf eine Zwei- oder sogar Mehrsprachigkeit der Kinder abzielte und darüber hinaus als Mittel zur Entwicklung kognitiver Fähigkeiten verstanden wurde. – The article provides an overview of the educational debates on language teaching for Jewish children and their practical implementation in the schools founded by Jewish Enlighteners as these occurred against the background of the enlightened philosophy of language. For this purpose, the analysis concentrates on educational texts as well as school curricula and textbooks to demonstrate that language teaching was a clear focus of the Maskilic educational reform aiming at a bilingual or even multilingual education of the students and was also understood as a means of developing cognitive skills.
Sprachdenken – Überblicksartikel
Authors: Weidner Daniel 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Denken mit und über Sprache hat für das deutschsprachige Judentum der Moderne eine zentrale Rolle gespielt. Um 1800 wird das Hebräische als essentiell poetische Sprache aufgefasst; ein Gedanke, der im 19. Jahrhundert in verstreuten Spekulationen am Rande der Philologie fortlebt. Im 20. Jahrhundert entwickeln Martin Buber, Franz Rosenzweig und Gershom Scholem je eigene Formen des Sprachdenkens, das jeweils auch das Verhältnis von Deutschen und Juden verhandelt: als Dialog, als Übersetzung und als Unterscheidung. Spuren dieses Denkens lassen sich nach 1945 in den Poetiken moderner Dichtung finden. – Thinking with and about language has always played a central role for modern German-speaking Judaism. Around 1800, Hebrew is conceived as an essentially poetic language; an idea that lives on in the 19th century in scattered speculations on the fringes of philology. In the 20th century, Martin Buber, Franz Rosenzweig, and Gershom Scholem each develop their own forms of language thinking, always implicitly negotiating the relationship between Germans and Jews: as dialogue, as translation, and as distinction. Traces of this thinking can be found in the poetics of modern poetry after 1945.
Deutsch als ‚Sprachheimat‘ im Exil?
Authors: Benteler Anne 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Artikel widmet sich der Frage, welche Rolle die deutsche Sprache für jüdische Schriftsteller:innen im Exil eingenommen hat. Einerseits war Deutsch die Sprache der Täter:innen, die den Ausschluss jüdischen Lebens aus Sprache und Kultur verfolgten, andererseits entstand im Exil auch eine Vorstellung und literarische Aufladung von deutscher Sprache als ‚Heimat(ersatz)‘. Am Beispiel von Hilde Domin und Mascha Kaléko zeigt der Beitrag literarische Entwürfe von ‚Sprachheimat‘ im Exil. – This article explores the role of the German language for Jewish writers in exile. On the one hand, German was the language of the perpetrators, who pursued the exclusion of Jewish life from language and culture; on the other hand, in exile, the idea and a literary connotation of the German language as a ‘Heimat’ substitute arose. Viewing Hilde Domin and Mascha Kaléko as examples, the article shows literary concepts of ‘Sprachheimat’ in exile.
Deutsch als Tätersprache – Konfrontation und dichterische Konsequenzen
Authors: Waldschmidt Christine 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungFür jüdische Autor:innen ergibt sich ab 1933 mit Blick auf die deutsche Sprache eine spezifische sprachkritische Wendung: die Problematik, eine Sprache weiter zu verwenden, die als Sprache der Täter des Völkermordes, als Mittel für Organisation und Propaganda des NS-Staates und seines Vernichtungsprogramms diente. Die Kritik an der Tätersprache thematisiert existenzielles Bedrohtsein ebenso wie einen moralischen Sprachidealismus, der auch jüdisches intellektuelles bzw. dichterisches Selbstverständnis geprägt hat. Sie wird dabei entweder zum Medium der Selbstbehauptung oder radikaler Infragestellung sowie nach 1945 zum Auftrag, der deutschen Sprache die historische Erfahrung einzuschreiben. – As of 1933, a specific turn of language criticism comes about for Jewish writers when referring to the German language: The problem of continuing to implement a language that served those who committed genocide and was a means of organization and propaganda for the Nazi regime. The criticism levelled at the language of Nazi terror emphasizes both the experience of existential threat and a moral idealism linked to language that greatly impacted Jewish intellectual and poetical self-images. Language criticism therefore either appears as a mode of self-assertion or of radical self-questioning, and after 1945 as the task of inscribing the historical experience into German literature.
Mehrsprachigkeit in der Ghettoliteratur
Authors: Strohmaier Alexandra 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag widmet sich verschiedenen Formen textinterner Mehrsprachigkeit in ausgewählten Beispielen der Ghettoliteratur. Im Unterschied zur bisherigen Forschung gilt der Fokus dabei der Frage nach den selbstreferenziellen und metapoetischen Implikationen literarischer Multilingualität. Es wird der These nachgegangen, dass sich die spezifische Literarisierung von Mehrsprachigkeit auch als implizite Reflexion auf die den Texten immanenten Konzeptionen ‚jüdischer‘ Literatur erweist. – The article deals with various forms of multilingualism in selected examples of ghetto literature. In contrast to previous research, the focus lies on the self-referential and metapoetic implications of literary multilingualism. The article pursues the thesis that the specific literarization of multilingualism presents an implicit reflection on the conceptions of ‘Jewish’ literature inherent in the texts.
Exophonie – Das Heraustreten der Stimme aus der Schrift
Authors: Frank Christine 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungAls exophon gelten Autor:innen, die in einer anderen als ihrer Muttersprache schreiben. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf Literatur im Kontext von Postkolonialismus und globaler Migration. Im vorliegenden Beitrag hingegen wird Exophonie weiter gefasst als prinzipiell kulturkritische Schreibweise, die ‚Anders-Sprachigkeit‘ argumentativ und mit ästhetischen Mitteln reflektiert. Damit wird der Begriff auch relevant für die Beschreibung und Analyse der deutschen Sprachkultur von Juden und zwar sowohl in historischer Perspektive wie im Hinblick auf Deutsch schreibende exophone jüdische Autor:innen nach dem Geschichtsbruch. – Authors who write in a language other than their native tongue are termed exophonic. The focus of such terminology is placed on literature in the context of postcolonialism and global migration. In this article, however, exophony is understood more broadly as a fundamentally culture-critical mode of writing that reflects the ‘otherness of language’ both argumentatively and by aesthetic means. Thus, the term also becomes relevant for the description and analysis of the German language culture of Jews both in historical perspective and with regard to exophonic Jewish authors writing in German after the rupture of history.