bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis, significance, and management of ventricular thrombi in patients referred for VT ablation
Authors: Beavers David L. , Ghannam Michael , Liang Jackson , Cochet Hubert , Attili Anil , Sharaf‐Dabbagh Ghaith , Latchamsetty Rakesh , Jongnarangsin Krit , Morady Fred , Bogun Frank 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionIn patients with structural heart disease presenting with ventricular tachycardia (VT), detection of ventricular thrombi and subsequent management can be challenging. This study aimed to assess the value of multimodality imaging with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), contrast‐enhanced transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), and computed tomography (CT) for thrombus detection as well as a management algorithm geared towards anticoagulation and deferred ablation for patients referred for VT ablation.Methods and resultsA total of 154 consecutive patients referred for VT ablation underwent preprocedural multimodality imaging with CMR, CT, and TTE. In 9 patients (6%) a new ventricular thrombus was detected and anticoagulation was initiated. Thrombi were detected by CMR in nine patients, by CT in seven patients, and by TTE in two patients. Five patients eventually underwent endocardial VT ablation procedures 6.0 ± 2.0 months after initiation of anticoagulation with one patient also requiring an epicardial approach. Two patients died while on anticoagulation, unrelated to ventricular arrhythmia. Four of five patients were rendered non‐inducible and no testing was performed in 1/5 patients. Areas containing left ventricular thrombi were non‐excitable with pacing. Six of thirty‐two inducible VTs were mapped in close vicinity of ventricular thrombi. No clinical embolic events occurred during the ablation procedures.ConclusionsVentricular thrombus was detected in 6% of consecutive patients with structural heart disease undergoing VT ablation. CMR was the most sensitive modality, while contrast‐enhanced TTE failed to detect the majority of thrombi. Anticoagulation followed by ablation can be safely and successfully performed in patients with ventricular thrombi.
Residency and movement patterns of adult Port Jackson sharks (Heterodontus portusjacksoni) at a breeding aggregation site
Authors: Bass Nathan Charles , Day Joanna , Guttridge Tristan L. , Mourier Johann , Knott Nathan A. , Vila Pouca Catarina , Brown Culum 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTExamining the movement ecology of mesopredators is fundamental to developing an understanding of their biology, ecology and behaviour, as well as the communities and ecosystems they influence. The limited research on the residency and movements of benthic marine mesopredators has primarily used visual tags, which do not allow for the efficient and accurate monitoring of individual space use. In this study, the authors investigated the residency and movement patterns of Port Jackson sharks Heterodontus portusjacksoni (Meyer 1793) at a breeding aggregation site in Jervis Bay, south‐eastern Australia, using passive acoustic telemetry to further our understanding of the movement ecology of these important mesopredators. Between 2012 and 2014, individuals were tagged with acoustic transmitters, and their residency and movements within the bay were monitored for up to 4 years. H. portusjacksoni showed strong preferences for particular reefs within and between breeding seasons. Males had significantly higher residency indices at their favoured sites relative to females, suggesting that males may be engaging in territorial behaviour. Conversely, female H. portusjacksoni exhibited higher roaming indices relative to males indicating that females may move between sites to assess males. Finally, H. portusjacksoni showed temporal variation in movements between reefs with individuals typically visiting more reefs at night relative to the day, dusk and dawn corresponding with their nocturnal habits.
The identification of fish eggs of two species, the ovate soleSolea ovataand black porgyAcanthopagrus schlegelii
Authors: Zheng Yan‐jing , Li Xiu‐qin , Yang Zhen‐xiong , Cai Wei‐xu , Lou Quan‐sheng , Tao Wei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFish eggs of the ovate soleSolea ovataand black porgyAcanthopagrus schlegeliiwere identified through DNA barcoding of cytochromecoxidase subunit I (COX1). Visual taxonomic features were achieved, and photographs of the eggs of both species at different developmental stages were reported for the first time. In addition, the dissolution of oil globules caused by ethanol as egg fixatives was observed. This result showed the importance of using formalin as egg fixatives in the case of morphometric analysis and the necessity of combining molecular and visual taxonomic method for morphological study.
Is intraoperative enteroscopy still relevant in small bowel disorders in the era of capsule endoscopy and device‐assisted enteroscopy? Real‐world experience from a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Pal Partha , Tandan Manu , Kulkarni Sujay , Reddy Palle Manohar , Ramchandani Mohan , Sekaran Anuradha , Shetty Mahesh G , Rebala Pradeep , Rao G V , Reddy D Nageshwar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and AimWith the advent of video capsule endoscopy (VCE) and device‐assisted enteroscopy (DAE), the indication of intraoperative enteroscopy (IOE) has become limited due to reported high morbidity/mortality. Most of the earlier studies on IOE were small/from pre‐VCE/DAE era. We aimed to evaluate the impact of IOE in management of small bowel disorders (SBD) in post‐VCE/DAE era.MethodsPatients with SBD undergoing IOE over last 15 years were evaluated retrospectively. Overall diagnostic/therapeutic yield, incremental diagnostic yield over preoperative investigations, and adverse events were noted. We also evaluated the number of cases in which IOE changed the management or guided surgical or endoscopic therapy. Rebleeding and recurrence were evaluated in patients with available follow‐up data.ResultsA total of 89 patients (59 male, 9–82 years) were included in the study. Overall diagnostic and therapeutic yield were 92.1% and 85.4%, respectively. Common findings of IOE were benign ulcers/strictures (30.1%), vascular lesions (26%), diverticula (15.1%), and tumors (13.7%). A total of 49.4% (44/89), 36% (32/89), and 20.2% (18/89) underwent VCE, DAE, or both, respectively, before IOE. Incremental diagnostic yield over preoperative work‐up was 31.5% (28/89), and IOE changed the management in 37.1% (33/89) patients. IOE was used to guide surgery/endotherapy in 39.3% (35/89) patients. Recurrent gastrointestinal bleed occurred in 21.2% (14/66) patients. Morbidity and mortality rates were 20.2% (18/89) and 3.4% (3/89), respectively.ConclusionsIntraoperative enteroscopy remains an essential technique to evaluate SBD and can detect new and additional lesions even after extensive preoperative evaluation. IOE is useful in guiding therapy in preoperatively identified lesions and can change management in a substantial proportion of patients. Hence, IOE has a definitive role in post‐VCE/DAE era in carefully selected patients with SBD.
Osteological development of a small and fast metamorphic frog, Microhyla fissipes (Anura, Neobatrachia, Microhylidae)
Authors: Zhang Meihua , Zhu Wei , Wang Bin , Wang Shouhong , Chang Liming , Zhao Tian , Jiang Jianping 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDescribing osteological development is of great importance for understanding vertebrate phenotypic variations, form‐functional transitions and ecological adaptations. Anurans exhibit dramatic changes in their morphology, habitat preferences, diet and behaviour between the tadpole and frog stages. However, the anatomical details of their cranial and postcranial development have not been extensively studied, especially in Microhylidae. In this work, we studied the microhylid Microhyla fissipes, commonly known as the ornamented pygmy frog, a small‐sized frog with fast metamorphosis. Its osteological development was comprehensively described based on 120 cleared and stained specimens, including six tadpoles for each stage between 28 and 45, six juveniles and six adults. Additionally, 22 osteological traits of these specimens involved in food acquisition, respiration, audition and locomotion were selected and measured to reflect the changes in tadpole ecological functions during metamorphosis. Our study provides the first detailed qualitative and quantitative developmental information about these structures. Our results have confirmed that skeletal elements (viz., neopalatines, omosternum, clavicles and procoracoids) absent in adults are not detected during development. Our data reveal that morphologically, radical transformations of the cranial structures related to feeding and breathing are completed within stages 42–45 (72 h), but the relative length and width of these skeletons have changed in earlier stages. The postcranial skeletons correlated with locomotion are well developed before stage 42 and approach the adult morphology at stage 45. Indeed, the relative length of the pectoral girdle and forelimb reaches the adult level at stage 42 and stage 45, respectively, whereas that of the vertebral column, pelvic girdle and hind limbs increases from their appearance until reaching adulthood. Based on published accounts of 19 species from Neobatrachia, Mesobatrachia and Archaeobatrachia, cranial elements are among the first ossified skeletons in most studied species, whereas sphenethmoids, neopalatines, quadratojugals, mentomeckelians, carpals and tarsals tend to ossify after metamorphosis. These results will help us to better understand the ecomorphological transformations of anurans from aquatic to terrestrial life. Meanwhile, detailed morphological and quantitative accounts of the osteological development of Microhyla fissipes will provide a foundation for further study.
Association between the developing sphenoid and adult morphology: A study using sagittal sections of the skull base from human embryos and fetuses
Authors: Yamamoto Masahito , Jin Zhe‐Wu , Hayashi Shogo , Rodríguez‐Vázquez José Francisco , Murakami Gen , Abe Shinichi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe developing sphenoid is regarded as a median cartilage mass (basisphenoid [BS]) with three cartilaginous processes (orbitosphenoid [OS], ala temporalis [AT], and alar process [AP]). The relationships of this initial configuration with the adult morphology are difficult to determine because of extensive membranous ossification along the cartilaginous elements. The purpose of this study was therefore to evaluate the anatomical connections between each element of the fetal sphenoid and adult morphology. Sagittal sections from 25 embryos and fetuses of gestational age 6–34 weeks and crown‐rump length 12–295 mm were therefore examined and compared with horizontal and frontal sections from the other 25 late‐term fetuses (217–340 mm). The OS was identified as a set of three mutually attached cartilage bars in early fetuses. At all stages, the OS‐post was continuous with the anterolateral part of the BS. The BS included the notochord and Rathke's pouch remnant in embryos and early fetuses. The dorsum sellae was absent from embryos, but it protruded from the BS in early fetuses before a fossa for the hypophysis became evident. Although not higher than the hypophysis at midterm, the dorsum sellae elongated superiorly after gestational age 25 weeks. In early fetuses, the AP was located on the side immediately anterior to the otic capsule. The AT developed on the side immediately posterior to the extraocular rectus muscles. At late term, the greater wing was formed by membranous bones from the AT and AP. The AT and AP formed a complex bridge between the BS and the greater wing. A small cartilage, future medial pterygoid process (PTmed) was located inferior to the AT in early fetuses. At midterm, one endochondral bone and multiple membranous bones formed the PTmed. The lateral pterygoid process (PTlat) was formed by a single membranous bone plate. Therefore, we connected fetal elements and the adult morphology as follows. (1) Derivative of the OS makes not only the lesser wing but also the anterior margin of the body of the sphenoid. (2) Derivatives of the BS are the body of the sphenoid including the sella turcica and the dorsum sellae. (3) Most of the greater wing including the foramen rotundum and the foramen oval originate from the AT and AP and multiple membranous bones. (4) The PTmed originate from endochondral bones and multiple membranous bones, while the PTlat derive from a single membranous bone.
Rural/urban differences in the prevalence of stroke risk factors: A cross‐sectional analysis from the REGARDS study
Authors: Kamin Mukaz Debora , Dawson Erica , Howard Virginia J. , Cushman Mary , Higginbotham John C. , Judd Suzanne E. , Kissela Brett M. , Safford Monika M. , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Howard George 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeWe previously described the magnitude of rural‐urban differences in the prevalence of stroke risk factors and stroke mortality. In this report, we sought to extend the understanding of rural‐urban differences in the prevalence of stroke risk factors by using an enhanced definition of rural‐urban status and assessing the impact of neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) on risk factor differences.MethodsThis analysis included 28,242 participants without a history of stroke from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort. Participants were categorized into the 6‐level ordinal National Center for Health Statistics Urban‐Rural Classification Scheme. The prevalence of stroke risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, smoking, atrial fibrillation, left ventricular hypertrophy, and heart disease) was assessed across the rural‐urban scale with adjustment for demographic characteristics and further adjustment for nSES score.FindingsHypertension, diabetes, and heart disease were more prevalent in rural than urban regions. Higher odds were observed for these risk factors in the most rural compared to the most urban areas (odds ratios [95% CI]: 1.25 [1.11‐1.42] for hypertension, 1.15 [0.99‐1.33] for diabetes, and 1.19 [1.02‐1.39] for heart disease). Adjustment for nSES score partially attenuated the odds of hypertension and heart disease with rurality, completely attenuated the odds of diabetes, and unmasked an association of current smoking.ConclusionsSome of the higher stroke mortality in rural areas may be due to the higher burden of stroke risk factors in rural areas. Lower nSES contributed most notably to rural‐urban differences for diabetes and smoking.
Complementary jobs and optimal matching
Authors: Gebauer Markus 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper introduces strong complementarities in labour into an otherwise classical Diamond–Mortensen–Pissarides search model. Specifically, two workers are required to perform a task. The assumption of Nash bargaining is maintained to represent the Hosios condition transparently. We show that this setup leads to additional externalities that require more than a Hosios‐style condition to be met. The surplus must be shared between the workers so that the employer internalizes additional externalities. This makes implementing efficiency even more challenging.
COVID‐19 infection, progression, and vaccination: Focus on obesity and related metabolic disturbances
Authors: Westheim Annemarie J. F. , Bitorina Albert V. , Theys Jan , Shiri‐Sverdlov Ronit 
Published: July 2021

SummaryCoronaviruses are constantly circulating in humans, causing common colds and mild respiratory infections. In contrast, infection with the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), responsible for coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19), can cause additional severe complications, particularly in patients with obesity and associated metabolic disturbances. Obesity is a principal causative factor in the development of the metabolic syndrome; a series of physiological, biochemical, clinical, and metabolic factors that increase the risk of obesity‐associated diseases. “Metabolically unhealthy” obesity is, in addition to metabolic disturbances, also associated with immunological disturbances. As such, patients with obesity are more prone to develop serious complications from infections, including those from SARS‐CoV‐2. In this review, we first describe how obesity and related metabolic disturbances increase the risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Then, mechanisms contributing to COVID‐19 complications and poor prognosis in these patients are discussed. Finally, we discuss how obesity potentially reduces long‐term COVID‐19 vaccination efficacy. Despite encouraging COVID‐19 vaccination results in patients with obesity and related metabolic disturbances in the short‐term, it is becoming increasingly evident that long‐term COVID‐19 vaccination efficacy should be closely monitored in this vulnerable group.
When is enough, enough? Questions of sampling in vertebrate ichnology
Authors: Belvedere Matteo , Budka Marcin , Wiseman Ashleigh L. A. , Bennett Matthew R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSample size is a challenge for most field scientists determined not by the statistically ideal, but by the available. In vertebrate ichnology, track length is an important variable correlating well with the track‐maker’s biology. It is also key to estimating the minimum number of individuals (MNI) present on a trampled horizon. Broad assumptions on biometrics of the track‐makers are often made based on a few prints without consideration for intra‐trackway variability. In this study we use a simple bootstrapping algorithm to explore variance within sample size for a range of trackways with fossil and experimental examples to determine the minimum sample size required to extract linear measurements. Predictably, experimentation shows that inter‐step variability changes with track‐maker and substrate, but the degree of variance is not as marked as previously anticipated. Change‐point modelling suggests that a maximum sample size of 22–25 captures most of the variance present in track length at least; another threshold at 7–10 has been identified, which represents the reasonable sample size minimum. Samples of fewer than seven tracks are subject to large amounts of potential variance and are unlikely to provide reliable and consistent measurements. These sampling thresholds hold across a wide range of depositional environments and track‐makers. We calculate generic standard errors for human track‐makers which may assist the practitioner with small samples to estimate the likely errors, especially when making MNI estimates. The challenge is placed to the wider vertebrate ichnology to explore this issue for other track‐makers and develop similar guidance.
Elevating Social and Behavior Change as an Essential Component of Family Planning Programs
Authors: Skinner Joanna , Hempstone Hope , Raney Laura , Galavotti Christine , Light Benedict , Weinberger Michelle , Van Lith Lynn 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe global family planning community has made significant progress towards enabling 120 million more women and girls to use contraceptives by 2020, though we enter the decade ahead with a long road yet to travel. While investment in strong health systems and supply chains is still needed, the supply‐driven approach dominant in family planning fails to address the individual, relational, and social barriers faced by women and couples in achieving their reproductive intentions and desired family size. Overcoming these barriers will require a better understanding of behavioral drivers and the social environment in which family planning decisions are made, and an increased investment in the proven, yet underutilized, approach of social and behavior change (SBC). We make the case that a more intentional focus on the science of human behavior in family planning can help advance the achievement of global, regional, and national goals while also calling for strategic and sustained investment that reflects the critical importance and proven impact of SBC approaches.
Perioperative anidulafungin combined with triazole prophylaxis for the prevention of early invasive candidiasis in lung transplant recipients
Authors: Sartain Emily , Schoeppler Kelly , Crowther Barrett , Smith Joshua B. , Abidi Maheen Z. , Grazia Todd J. , Steele Mark , Gleason Terri , Porter Krista , Gray Alice 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundInvasive candidiasis (IC) is a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality among lung transplant recipients (LTRs). Postoperative factors include prolonged hospital stay, central lines, delayed chest closure, and dehiscence increase IC risk. Correspondingly, current guidelines propose targeted IC coverage early posttransplant with fluconazole or an echinocandin.MethodsThis retrospective analysis was performed on LTRs from January 2016 to January 2020 and evaluated effectiveness of a recent protocol utilizing perioperative anidulafungin for early IC prevention in addition to long‐term triazole antifungal prophylaxis. Prior to this protocol, patients were primarily established on itraconazole prophylaxis alone. The primary endpoint was proven or probable IC within 90 days after transplant. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to assess risk factors for invasive fungal infection (IFI).ResultsAmong 144 LTRs, there was a numerically lower incidence of IC in the protocol group, although not statistically significant (6% vs. 13%, p = 0.16). Incidence of proven or probable IFI was 7.5% in the protocol cohort and 19.5% in the pre‐protocol cohort (p = 0.038). In multivariable analysis, when controlling for lung allocation score (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.08), donor perioperative culture with fungal growth (OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.02‐8.92), and dehiscence (OR 3.54, 95% CI 1.14–10.85), protocol cohort was not significantly associated with IFI (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.12–1.23).ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first study investigating combination triazole/echinocandin use in the early post‐lung transplant period. These findings demonstrate that in‐hospital anidulafungin offers unclear benefit for early IC prevention when used in combination with triazole prophylaxis.