bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of some Food Poisoning Bacterial Inhibition from ZnO and Ag Nanoparticles that Synthesized by Aspergillus niger
Authors: Ahmed Khalaf N. , Thalij Karkaz M. , Mohammed Mohammed J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The biosynthesis of ZnO and Ag nanoparticles (NPs) was conducted by using Aspergillus niger and determine the ability on the inhibition of E. coli and S. aureus. The morphology and particles sizes were found that ZnO and AgNPs at a rod to globular shapes, and the dimensions which were between 30 to 60 and 12 to 40 nm respectively. Also, determine the NPs synthesis absorbance of ZnO and AgNPs were to be at 368 and 420 nm respectively. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) assay was at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 10 and 20 % from each ZnO and AgNPs against S. aureus and E. coli have appeared that MIC act on inhibition for each bacterial growth at 1.2 %. and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) appeared at 20 mg/ml. The tested of 10, 15, 20 and 25 % from each ZnO and AgNPs on S. aureus and E. coli inhibition used wells method assay appear that inhibition diameter zone (IDZ) against S. aureus at 12, 13, 16 and 18 mm and 10, 14, 18 and 27mm respectively, While the IDZ against E. coli at 8, 10, 15 and 17 mm and 14, 16, 22 and 30 mm respectively. Thus, the ability of A.niger to synthesis of ZnO and AgNPs and these nanoparticles have the activity against bacterial species of S.aureus and E.coli.
Adaptive Tuning of PID Controller using Crow Search Algorithm for DC motor
Authors: Alkrwy Amer , Hussein Arkan Ahmed , Atyia Thamir H. , Khamees Muntadher 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe DC motor has been commonly utilized in the industry although its maintenance is costly, more than the induction motor. Consequently, speed control of DC motor has attracted considerable researches and different algorithms have evolved. All the traditional algorithms for the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller provide initial practical values for (kp, ki, and kd) PID parameters, which are manually tuned to achieving the desired performance. The manual tuning is inaccurate and a hard job, which requests comprehensive experience of the problem domain. in this paper we proposed a new method to adjustment of the PID parameters to improve tracking performance of DC motor, also provides optimal stability through creating a hybrid PID-CSA predictive model for tuning parameters of the PID controller of DC motors based on Crow search algorithm. The empirical results are compared with four type of proposed PID-CSA versions [ Integral Squared Error (ISE), Integral Absolute Error (IAE), Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE), and Integral Time Squared Error (ITSE) ] that based on the type of error indicator functions and with other previously techniques including the Ziegler-Nichols method and PSO Optimization. The PID-CSA is more adapt in improving the steady-state error, the controller step response stability, overshoot, the rising time and settling time this give rise. The performance of the DC motor is not affected by these disturbances.
PWM Inverter with Digital Microcontroller for Speed Control Applications
Authors: Jumaa Fadhel A , Aljanabi Mohanad , Duhis Ahmed hussein , Abed Jameel Kadhim 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Inverters are the record significant device to apply renewable energy resourcefully. A planned technique is used to control the output voltage and frequency. This method depends on- offline designs of the width of the signals for only the first quarter cycle and stores. The residual pulses, for comprehensive sequence, are generated by using the values of the first quarter for there are situations of quarter and half–wave symmetry. The chief structures of microcontroller 8951 constructed PWM inverter are simpler strategy, small price, extreme choice of voltage control and compressed in size. This outcome in a large saving of microcontroller time and memory. These groups of firing angles(α) are designed which characterize the expected voltage difference. The microcontroller notices the peak of the output voltage to sense the voltage variation and then implement the suitable table to keep the voltage within the required value. The programmable timer sets the necessary 120° phase shift between the three phases. This paper observes several guidelines to select a technique suitable for application at a specified power level, switching frequency and dynamic response. Simulation outcomes are gotten for success of the test.
Assessing of renewable energy for electrical household ancillary based on photovoltaics and wind turbines
Authors: Hassan Qusay 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The importance of renewable energy provides a great opportunity to meet the demand for household electricity located in Baqubaha, Diyala, Iraq. Intentionally, there are to renewable energy components have been selected wind turbine (1 kW) and photovoltaic array (1.65 kW) for assessing the sources of renewable energy to serve household desired load. The current work analysis is executed by using experimental data for the load demand, solar irradiance, ambient temperature and wind speed for the selected site. The work targeted to shed light on the technical and economic feasibility of integrating renewable sources to feed the desired load by renewable energy. The results show that the renewable energy system based on grid connection can feed the desired electrical load by about 90% as well as a support grid system by renewable energy by about 3114 kWh/year. The system economic aspects show the initial capital cost, net present cost and cost of energy are $2615; $53449; $0.25 respectively, for 25 years project lifespan. The results are very encouraging to use renewable energy resources in the selected site.
Optimal Placement of Statcom for Iraqi National (400kV) Super High Voltage Grid System Genetic Algorithm Based Approach
Authors: Salbi Hassan A , Tuaimah F M 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) is one of the most currently used Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices utilized to control the voltage and power flow. This work proposed an application of the STATCOM devices to maintain the voltages within the specified limits and enhancing voltage deviation, as well as reducing the apparent power losses. The STATCOM device has been chosen using the minimum possible size of the reactive power injected or absorbed by the STATCOM devices while satisfying the stability limits. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) is one of the Evolutionary Computation Techniques used to optimally determine the best locations and sizes of the STATCOM devices to be installed. The proposed approach has been examined and tested first on a 14-bus IEEE test system; the results obtained encouraged us to implement the same approach on the 27-bus Iraqi National (400kV) Super High Voltage Grid (INSHVG) System (part of the Iraqi power network), with different power system load conditions for all season in the year such as summer, winter, spring, and autumn to find the impact of the best location and size of each STATCOM device. A computer program, written in MatLab environment, was developed to represent the proposed method.
Collective Memory as a Source of Knowledge in Architectural Education
Authors: Hamza Shaimaa M. , Kadhim Al-Yousif Ibrahim Jawad , Salman Abdullah Saadoon 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The research deals with the concept of collective memory as one of the influential concepts produced in the process of architectural design, which is defined as the symbolic system and the creative process in the architectural product and linked to the identity needs of the individual and society, through its various media that represent the criteria for collective remembering of the student of architecture establishes the collective identity, through studying the architectural products For architecture students, we note the student’s poor knowledge of the concept of collective memory, and thus the research problem is the lack of knowledge in investing the collective memory of the student of architecture in architectural products, so the research aims to clarify the sources of knowledge of collective memory in architectural education and how to invest it by the student of architecture. By analysing the graduation projects of architecture students at Al-Mustansiriya University, the research concludes the weak sources of collective memory in architectural products and its strong focus on the physical aspects of historical structures as a source of collective memory because of the presence of this source in architectural approaches, especially in the lessons of the history of architecture in its various stages. The research recommends the introduction of educational programs for collective memory within the curricula of architectural education to increase the architectural knowledge of students in the field of collective memory and the revival of heritage and archaeology and benefit from them in developing cognitive and intellectual capabilities and creating a collective identity using virtual media and digital technologies.
Liquid Architecture
Authors: Al Asadi Daood S , Al Greiza Abbas A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The general intellectual positions in the architecture diversified to produce many concepts and indicators for dealing with, to present a new vision that documents the technical development and methods of adaptation within the architectural field, which is the vision of liquid architecture, which represented a new intellectual position in architecture. It must be studied and studied in relation to the architecture and indicators of its public and private construction, and the tendency was to clarify these frameworks and indicators intellectually, conceptually, technically and practically within the general architectural field. This research aims to define and study the general frameworks of the basic research concept, the liquid state and liquidity within architectural propositions in order to define their basic indicators in a specific theoretical framework that is formed for this purpose after proposing the research problem that was represented by weak clarity of cognitive perception about the concept of liquidity and the effect of that in clarifying liquid architecture, up to the application Vocabulary and indicators of the theoretical framework on the product of an elected and specific architecture, and then putting forward, analysing and discussing the results of that application and reaching the final conclusions that strongly specialized in the presence of design features within the architectural reality of liquid architecture at a detailed level more than a general level and finally recommendations.
Tertiary amine blend for CO2 capture: A kinetic investigation using Monoethanolamine, Triethanolamine and Piperazine
Authors: Shakir Safa Waleed , Wiheeb Ahmed Daham , Ahmed Sahar Adnan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The kinetics reaction of the tertiary amine blend of monoethanolamine (MEA), triethanolamine (TEA), and piperazine (PZ) with carbon dioxide (CO2) considered in a packed bed. The mechanism of reaction and kinetics of this tertiary amine were studied at (298-308) K and 1atm with total blend concentration varied from (4-6) molars. The current experiments revealed a new good absorbent of (MEA, TEA, PZ ) blend to capture CO2, due to it is potential upon CO2. Therefore, the proposed mechanism found to be suitable in determining the kinetics of the involved reactions. The reaction mechanism was defined using a mechanism of zwitterion and termolecular. It’s found that the absorption follows the fast kinetic reaction with first-order kinetics for CO2 and second-order for the blend concentration. The rate constant value k2 (m3/kmol.s) of the tertiary blend of (MEA, TEA, PZ )found to be (8050) that is greater than that of commonly used amine MEA(7500). Also, the activation energy was calculated and found to be 24 kJ/mol.
Removal of Ciprofloxacin from Aqueous Solution Using Prepared Biodegradable Potato Cross-linked Starch Ester
Authors: Al-Jubory F K , Mujtaba I M , Abbas A S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Potato starch was modified chemically to prepare an adsorbent that is efficient for removing the ciprofloxacin antibiotic from its aqueous solution. The chemical modification process of potato starch involved cross-linking and esterification steps. The high-resolution X-ray diffraction characterization shows that the modification processes do not damage the starch crystal but reduces the crystallinity and the crystal size. In addition to that, holes on the surface of the round and oval shapes of the modified starch were noticed via scanning electron microscope. The parameters that could affect ciprofloxacin removal efficiency on cross-linked potato starch ester were investigated in detail, which included initial concentration of ciprofloxacin in aqueous solution, pH and temperature. The removal efficiency of ciprofloxacin increased with the increase in the initial pH value of the aqueous solution and reached the highest value of removal at a pH of 7, after which it was noticed that the removal efficiency decreased. The removal efficiency was decreased with increasing initial concentration of ciprofloxacin (expressed as chemical oxygen demand) from 25 to 125 ppm. Finally, the results showed that the increase in the temperature treatment from 25 to 45 °C negatively affected the removal efficiency.
Multi-Criteria Decision Support System for Lung Cancer Prediction
Authors: Al-Bander Baidaa , Fadil Yousra Ahmed , Mahdi Hussain 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common deadly malignant tumours, with the most rapid morbidity and death worldwide. Cancer risk prediction is a challenging and complex task in the field of healthcare. Many studies have been carried out by researchers to analyse and establish lung cancer symptoms and factors. However, further improvements are vital and required to be conducted in order to overcome the persistent challenges. In this study, a multi-criteria decision support system for lung cancer risk prediction based on a web-based survey data has been presented and realised. The proposed framework aims to incorporate the powerful of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) with artificial neural network for constituting lung cancer prediction model. The multiple criteria decision-making strategy (AHP) assigns a weight to each individual cancer symptom feature from survey data. The weighted features are then used to train multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network (ANN) to build a disease prediction model. Experimental analysis and evaluation performed on 276 subjects revealed promising prediction performance of developed lung cancer prediction framework in terms of various classification metrics.
Designing Substitution Box Based on the 1D Logistic Map Chaotic System
Authors: Fadhil Meryam Saad , Farhan Alaa Kadhim , Fadhil Mohammad Natiq 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Many researchers have tried to use the chaotic systems in generating different cryptographic tools, in order to provide high level of security to the data passing through network. In modern symmetric cryptographic systems, one of the most essential functions is a nonlinear mapping Substitution process which is responsible for creating the confusion between plaintext and ciphertext. It replaces each input bits by other bits using the lookup table S-Box. In this paper a new S-Box based on a 1D logistic map chaotic system was designed. The chaotic sequence generated from the 1D logistic map was processed to generate the hexa code values, and after that this hexa code also processed to construct the new good S-Box. This proposal was evaluated using the S-Box tests criteria including avalanche, balanced, completeness, strict avalanche, and invertibility. The analysis results show that the proposed S-Box passes all these statistical tests, has large avalanche effect and therefore the S-Box can avoid many attacks. The construction of both Substitution-Box and its inverse take only few milliseconds, so it can be used in many lightweight block ciphers.
Review on secure data aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Abood Mohammed Salah , Wang(王华) Hua , Mahdi Hussain Falih , Hamdi Mustafa Maad , Abdullah Ahmad S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Recent advances in wireless sensor networks ( WSNs) have inspired various new applications, including target tracking and monitoring of ecosystems. Nevertheless, a large amount of data energy consumption of WSNs is utilized by data communication. However, data aggregation techniques can eliminate redundant data being transferred back to the base station and thereby lessening the consumption of energy. Security features like data integrity, confidentiality and accumulation of latest data is of great importance if WSN is utilized in extremely hostile or remote settings whereby the sensors are vulnerable to node failure and breach. Currently, there is prospect for securing data aggregation using WSN. In light of this, security features in data aggregation using WSN will be examined in current study. Next, the adversarial model that can be used in any aggregation scheme is then evaluated. Moreover, the latest and most sophisticated secured data aggregation scheme, proposed will be examined and categorized into two groups which are classified according to the number of aggregator nodes and the existence of the verification term. In this paper, created a table that showed the advantages and limitations of each algorithm that was adopted by researchers, shown in Table 3. Last, a computational approach is recommended to build a modern design with minimal protection preconditions against various types of challenges. The conceptual framework aims to provide an advanced understanding and enable the process of evaluation.
Power reduction using high speed with saving mode clock gating technique
Authors: Hameed Maan , Mogheer Hussein Sh. , Mansour Ali 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The demand for low power consumption is motivated by several factors such as the evolution of portable design, reliability effects, and flexibility. The purpose of clock gating is inactive or suppresses change to fragments of the clock route as flip-flop, clock system and rationality under a specific condition processed by clock gating chips. Moreover, the clock is disabled when it is not necessary in clock gating to decrease power dissipation. Clock technique successfully turns off the clock any place it pointlessly expends power. By following the expressed methodology, the force utilization turns out to be less up to half without influencing the performance of the structure. The extraordinary source of power utilization is the clock. Clock signal is not used to achieve any digital calculation. It is for the most part utilized for synchronization of successive circuits. In this way, clock signal does not carry any data. In this research paper, a new sub module for high speed and saving mode is proposed. It saves more power by switch on only the target module and switch other module off. By using this technique, it may reduce power dissipation up to half. In order to execute encoder and decoder structure, the models of compression and decompression process is created by applying Verilog HDL language Quartus II 11.1 Web Edition with 32-Bit. In addition, operational simulation is executed by using ModelSim-Altera 10.0c (Quartus II 11.1 Starter Edition).
A Proposed Solution for Route Reply Storm Problem to Improve DSR Protocol Performance in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Kadhim Dheyaa Jasim 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDue to the limited transmission range of the wireless sensor network interface, a node may need multiple network hops to exchange data with another node over networks and other issues cause an overhead and bad utilization on the network. As a consequently, if some nodes reply route request at the same time to the same destination, then these simultaneous replies from different nodes will cause collision at the destination which it can cause a problem named route reply storm. The dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol is a reactive source routing protocol for mobile IP network where nodes should sense and discover with nearby nodes. Each node acts as a router for sending and receiving the packets to/from other node. In this work, we present a new proposal as a solution for storm route reply problem in DSR; the objective of the new proposed solution is to present a way to reduce unnecessary packet flooding between source and destination nodes in order to enhance DSR protocol. Afterthought, this work proposed some case studies to verify our proposed solution for solving the problem route reply storm, our verifications proves our robustness and correctness of the proposed solution against two main WSN problems that may face any wireless sensor network including coverage problem and link failure problem. The simulation results achieved here for two routing protocols DSR protocol and proposed improved DSR protocol for energy efficiency parameters. Simulation results showed that the energy consumption of proposed approach is minimized by 25 % approximately as compared to previous standard DSR protocol while the network lifetime performance is increased by approximately 35 % as compared to standard DSR protocol. In summary, the proposed solution of DSR protocol can be energy efficient for wireless sensor networks resource management.
Effects of Increasing Mass Scaling in 3D Explicit Finite Element Analysis on the Wire Drawing Process
Authors: Gattmah Jabbar , Shihab Suha K. , Mohamed Muzher Taha , Abbas Ali Laftah 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
3D explicit technique based on finite element analysis is usually applied for solving the nonlinear problems in metal forming process such as wire drawing. The mass scaling percentage that related with stable time increment has substantial influence for attaining the optimum simulation results. In this article, the drawing process of A304 stainless wire utilizing analytical and numerical approach without mass scaling was developed to estimate and validate the obtained drawing stresses using different reduction of area. Then, 3D explicit models based on finite element analysis was run using various mass scaling at the low and high reduction of area 12 and 27% for displaying the analysis time, equivalent plastic strain (PEEQ), and drawing stress. The results exposed that the appropriate increase of mass percentage corresponding to the target time increment can be selected for reducing the time of wire drawing analysis to 53 and 50% at reduction of area 12 and 27% respectively. Although the PEEQ and drawing stress had little increase when the mass percentage raises however, it should be taken into consideration through the design of the wire drawing process. Therefore; the mass scaling value must be carefully adopted.