bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomic Heterointerface Boosts the Catalytic Activity toward Oxygen Reduction/Evolution Reaction
Authors: Lu Xueyi , Yang Yang , Yin Yin , Wang Ziling , Sutrisno Linawati , Yan Chenglin , Schmidt Oliver G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInterface engineering is an efficient strategy to enhance the electrocatalytic activity of hybrid materials by taking advantage of the synergistic effect of double or even multiple active sites. Here, the rational design of a Pd/NiO atomic interface with well patterned Pd arrays imbedded into NiO thin films are reported to boost the catalytic activity toward the oxygen reduction/evolution reaction. Theoretical analysis elucidates that the Pd (111)/NiO (111) interface with minimized lattice mismatch effectively adsorbs intermediates (OH*, LiO2*, Li2O2*, and Li2O*) and induces the growth/decomposition of electrochemical reaction products, which greatly lowers the Gibbs energy barrier of crucial steps and boosts the reaction kinetics. As expected, such hybrid thin films exhibit high catalytic activity for both the oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction, with performance comparable to the benchmarked Pt/C and RuO2 catalysts. Moreover, favorable performance is also achieved in both aqueous Zn–air batteries and aprotic Li–air batteries with an overpotential of only 0.69 and 0.50 V, respectively. This work suggests the great potential of such particularly morphological hybrid thin films in the development of high‐performance catalysts for energy storage and conversion.
The role of precision agriculture in food security
Authors: Erickson Bruce , Fausti Scott W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPrecision agriculture (PA) is the application of information technology to better manage crop and livestock production, heralded as another tool to advance food security around the world. Precision agriculture has the potential to increase productivity, improve resource allocation for inputs such as pesticides, fertilizers, water, feed, and labor, provide for more stable production, and reduce agricultural production's environmental effect. But PA is an approach that can be very different depending on farm characteristics, such as crops and livestock raised, farm size, management, the farms’ access to technical support, and the characteristics of the operator such as age and education. As a result, the adoption of PA has been slower and less uniform compared with some other agricultural innovations. Modern PA management systems are rarely implemented on small low‐mechanization farms, which comprise much of the world's agricultural production, and these farms are common in areas of the world that are the least food secure. And like other farm technology, its benefits go primarily to its adopters and society as a whole, but those who do not, or cannot adopt are left at a relative disadvantage, which unfortunately at present are most farmers around the world. Food security's four main principles according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations are food availability, access, utilization, and stability. Precision agriculture has an aspect unlike its predecessor innovations that were primarily production related–because it is based on information, it has the capacity also to better inform and to allow adjustment all along the food supply/demand chain.
Advancements in spring frost protection to sustain cranberry production in Massachusetts
Authors: Jeranyama Peter , Kennedy Casey D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAmerican cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) is a perennial woody plant that produces buds on short vertical branches known as uprights. These buds must overwinter to acquire adequate winter hardening for protection against frost damage in the spring. Once buds have broken dormancy, the plant requires protection from cold temperatures and desiccating winds. In this study, we evaluated three thermal time models, or growing degree day (GDD) models, as decision tools for initiating spring frost protection, and two methods for applying irrigation for spring frost protection (conventional vs. cycling). We found that the WI(30‐5) thermal time model provided the most accurate estimates of the phenology of buds in both normal and abnormal spring temperature years. Although irrigation cycling resulted in slightly higher bud damage, it did not reduce fruit yield. This finding is consistent with bud damage localized in one to two floral initials, with the remaining two to four initials producing flowers and berries comparable to beds with conventional irrigation. In addition to not differences in fruit yield, water savings of up to 35% were obtained in cycled frost irrigation compared with conventional frost irrigation.
XAITK: The explainable AI toolkit
Authors: Hu Brian , Tunison Paul , Vasu Bhavan , Menon Nitesh , Collins Roddy , Hoogs Anthony 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), driven mainly by deep neural networks, have yielded remarkable progress in fields, such as computer vision, natural language processing, and reinforcement learning. Despite these successes, the inability to predict how AI systems will behave “in the wild” impacts almost all stages of planning and deployment, including research and development, verification and validation, and user trust and acceptance. The field of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) seeks to develop techniques enabling AI algorithms to generate explanations of their results; generally these are human‐interpretable representations or visualizations that are meant to “explain” how the system produced its outputs. We introduce the Explainable AI Toolkit (XAITK), a DARPA‐sponsored effort that builds on results from the 4‐year DARPA XAI program. The XAITK has two goals: (a) to consolidate research results from DARPA XAI into a single publicly accessible repository; and (b) to identify operationally relevant capabilities developed on DARPA XAI and assist in their transition to interested partners. We first describe the XAITK website and associated capabilities. These place the research results from DARPA XAI in the wider context of general research in the field of XAI, and include performer contributions of code, data, publications, and reports. We then describe the XAITK analytics and autonomy software frameworks. These are Python‐based frameworks focused on particular XAI domains, and designed to provide a single integration endpoint for multiple algorithm implementations from across DARPA XAI. Each framework generalizes APIs for system‐level data and control while providing a plugin interface for existing and future algorithm implementations. The XAITK project can be followed at: https://xaitk.org.
Phylogeography and ecological differentiation of strictly Mediterranean taxa: the case of the Iberian endemic Odontites recordonii
Authors: Pinto‐Carrasco Daniel , Delgado Luis , Sánchez Agudo José A. , Rico Enrique , Martínez‐Ortega M. Montserrat 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPremiseEcological drivers for genetic differentiation in Mediterranean climates are still underexplored. We have used the strictly Mediterranean endemic Odontites recordonii as a model species to address this question. This species is one of the three Iberian representatives of the O. vernus group, which are morphologically similar. Thus, it was additionally necessary to clarify their phylogenetic relationships.MethodsWe used amplified fragment length polymorphisms to reveal phylogenetic relationships within O. vernus group, and to reconstruct the phylogeographic patterns within O. recordonii. Additionally, ecological niche models were generated to detect refugia along the Quaternary climatic oscillations. And finally, alleles under natural selection were identified, and correlations between allele presences and environmental variables were calculated in order to shed light on the ecological drivers promoting differentiation.ResultsThe three species from the O. vernus group were recovered as distinct species. Three genetic groups were found within O. recordonii and a putative refugium was detected for each one. Eighty‐one alleles could be under diversifying selection, and 58 alleles showed significant correlations with environmental variables, especially with temperature and precipitation seasonality and summer drought.ConclusionsThe three Iberian species of the O. vernus group are reciprocal monophyletic taxa. The three genetic groups of O. recordonii could have been restricted to narrow refugia during the Quaternary and displayed present distributions in accordance with bioclimatic conditions. Temperature and precipitation seasonality and the intensity of summer drought are definitory climatic parameters of Mediterranean‐type climates, and they could have acted as drivers of genetic differentiation on O. recordonii.
A poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(stearyl acrylate) core‐shell fibers with robust performance realized by taking advantages of the phase change property
Authors: Qu Meijie , Wang Hai , Zheng Nan , Chen Qiushan , Tang Ping , Bin Yuezhen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA phase change fiber with long‐term stability, temperature dependent transparency and melt‐healing properties were prepared using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the shell layer and polystearyl acrylate (PSA) lightly crosslinked by ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate (ETPTA) as the core layer. It was found the PVA/P(SA‐ETPTA) core‐shell fiber exhibited a melt enthalpy of 43 J/g (coagulation bath temperature −15 °C, core layer diameter 0.2 mm, spinning rate 1.0 mm/s) and an extremely high stability after 100 heating–cooling cycles. The as‐spun core‐shell fiber was fragile, but the flexibility was greatly improved after it was drawn to 800% of the original length. The PVA shell forming tunneling for the P(SA‐ETPTA) core layer, which could heal after fracture on condition of PSA melting. The melting and crystallization of PSA side chains enabled a temperature dependent light transmittance of the PVA/P(SA‐ETPTA) fibers, which was ascribed to the phase separation between PSA and PETPTA around the melting point of the PSA composition. As a whole, the core‐shell fibers showed robust performance as a phase change fiber. Further aggregate structure and orientation structure investigation on the PVA/P(SA‐ETPTA) fiber was detected by wide angle X‐ray diffraction and small angle X‐ray scattering.
Design for assessment of dissection in anatomy laboratory based on group identification of structures and peer evaluation
Authors: Hafez Shireen A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDissection is a unique multisensory educational experience and is essential to learning the anatomical construction of the human and animal bodies. This study aims to introduce a specialized design for the assessment of dissection and to discuss the assessment's attributes. The design was a product of the “assessment drives learning” concept and was developed to motivate students to dissect. Students were awarded “dissection points” based on prior group dissection and identification of structures. Students' perception of the design was examined, and content analysis was performed. The assessment consisted of two parts: the first assigning each student group structures to “pin” on their previously dissected cadavers; the second was a group peer evaluation. The most critical factor for the assessment's success was careful selection of structures assigned to students to pin. The assessment was fit for the purpose, valid, reliable, and had a significant educational impact. Eighty‐three percent of students (n = 116) recommended maintaining the assessment design, as they felt it promoted a deep approach to learning as well as teamwork while reducing stress to a minimum. A strong correlation (Spearman's rho = 0.46, P < 0.0001) was present between the high rating of the design and the number of structures learned, as well as, high rating and lower stress level (Spearman's rho = 0.40, P < 0.0001). There was no apparent influence of grades on student perception of the effectiveness of the assessment. This specific design of evaluation could be used as part of anatomy education in veterinary and medical schools.
EQUINOXE study: Impact of relational cohesion and sexuality on the quality of life of patients treated with gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist for prostate cancer
Authors: Droupy Stéphane , Colson Marie‐Hélène , Pello‐Leprince‐Ringuet Nathalie , Perrot Valérie , Descazeaud Aurélien 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo measure the effect of dyadic adjustment on changes in patients’ quality of life when initiating treatment with gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist.Patients and methodsA prospective, multicenter, longitudinal, and non‐interventional study (NCT02630641) that included patients with prostate cancer starting GnRH agonist therapy, and their partners, in 157 centers in France. Data were collected at inclusion and after 6 months of treatment on quality of life (WHOQOL‐BREF), disease perception (B‐IPQ), disease symptoms (QLQ‐PR25), and perception of cohesion within the couple (dyadic adjustment, DAS‐16).ResultsThe Full Analysis Set included 492 patients (median age [Q1;Q3]: 74 [68;80] years). An improvement of the quality of life (defined as the improvement of at least one of the four dimensions of WHOQOL‐BREF) was reported in 290/434 (67%) patients between baseline and follow‐up. Quality of life was better at baseline and follow‐up in patients with good cohesion within the couple than in those with medium or poor cohesion. Factors associated with improvement in quality of life of patients were the following: initial presence of QLQ‐PR25 hormonal treatment‐related symptoms (OR [95% CI]: 3.00 [1.46, 6.17]) suggesting testosterone deficiency symptoms at baseline and initial low level (2.04 [1.12, 3.72]) or absence of sexual activity (2.23 [1.11, 4.50]) before GnRH agonist initiation.ConclusionMen with the greatest improvement in quality of life after initiating hormone therapy were those with, at baseline, testosterone deficiency symptoms (identified by QLQ‐PR25 treatment‐related symptoms score) or no/low sexual activity. Cohesion within the couple was not confirmed as an influence on the evolution of quality of life.
Strengths and weaknesses of the psychology of criminal conduct: Implications for the conceptualisation, assessment and treatment of antisocial personality pattern
Authors: Fortune Clare‐Ann , Heffernan Roxanne 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Psychology of Criminal Conduct and its associated components (e.g. the Risk Need Responsivity model, the Central Eight risk factors) has been hugely influential in the criminal justice sector. However, like any theory it has relative strengths and weakness, one weakness being that assumptions have been made about the causal nature and conceptual coherence of its foundational constructs, dynamic risk factors. The numerous issues with the conceptualisation of dynamic risk factors have implications for the widespread practice of using them as explanations of offending and to inform intervention planning. Recently some attention has been given to exploring the conceptualisation and definitions, scope and use of dynamic risk factors. Some key advancements in this area are considered and we illustrate how the weaknesses encountered by dynamic risk factors may impact our understanding and application of these concepts, using the example of Antisocial Personality Pattern.
The effect of respiration and body position on terminal thoracic duct diameter and the lymphovenous junction: An exploratory ultrasound study
Authors: Hinton Lucy R. , O'Hagan Lomani A. , Griffiths Andrew P. , Clark Alys R. , Phillips Anthony R. J. , Windsor John A. , Mirjalili S. Ali 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe thoracic duct (TD) drains most of the body's lymph back to the venous system via its lymphovenous junction (LVJ), playing a pivotal role in fluid homeostasis, fat absorption and the systemic immune response. The respiratory cycle is thought to assist with lymph flow, but the precise mechanism underpinning terminal TD lymph flow into the central veins is not well understood. The aim of this study was to use ultrasonography (US) to explore the relationship between terminal TD lymph flow, the respiratory cycle, and gravity. The left supraclavicular fossa was scanned in healthy non‐fasted volunteers using high‐resolution (13–5 MHz) US to identify the terminal TD and the presence of a lymphovenous valve (LVV). The TD's internal diameter was measured in relation to respiration (inspiration vs. expiration) and body positioning (supine vs. Trendelenburg). The terminal TD was visualized in 20/33 (61%) healthy volunteers. An LVV was visualized in only 4/20 (20%) cases. The mean terminal TD diameter in the supine position was 1.7 mm (range 0.8–3.1 mm); this increased in full inspiration (mean 1.8 mm, range 0.9–3.2 mm, p < 0.05), and in the Trendelenburg position (mean 1.8 mm, range 1.2–3.1 mm, p < 0.05). The smallest mean terminal TD diameter occurred in full expiration (1.6 mm, range 0.7–3.1 mm, p < 0.05). Respiration and gravity impact the terminal TD diameter. Due to the challenges of visualizing the TD and LVJ, other techniques such as dynamic magnetic resonance imaging will be required to fully understand the factors governing TD lymph flow.
A reappraisal of pediatric abdominal surface anatomy
Authors: Şener Umut , Tellioğlu Ayfer Metin , Polat Yasemin Durum 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSurface anatomy is fundamental to clinical and surgical practices. As the surface anatomy varies with age, the purpose of this study is to provide age‐standardized surface markings for the abdomen in children. A total of 155 abdominal computed tomography scans of healthy children aged 0–18 years were categorized into six groups, and the surface anatomy of the major vascular structures, solid viscera, and anatomical planes in the abdomen was analyzed. The vertebral levels of the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and hepatic portal vein formation were higher in the youngest age group, whereas the levels of the inferior mesenteric artery, formation of the inferior vena cava, and renal arteries did not differ with age. The right kidney lay between T12 and L3 and the left at T11‐L3; however, both kidneys were in lower positions in younger children. The spleen was most commonly located between the 8th and 11th ribs except in toddlers. In all age groups, the hepatic portal vein formation was within the transpyloric plane and the aortic bifurcation was above the supracristal plane. In vivo reassessment of the surface anatomy enables the substantial variability of surface landmarks to be highlighted. This study demonstrates that taking account of age‐related variations will increase the accuracy and therefore the clinical relevance of surface anatomy.
Influence of genotype and environment on the flour and bread baking properties of peas and lentils
Authors: Lagassé Shelley , Boyd Lindsey , Young Gina , Frohlich Peter , Boyd Rosa , Bourré Lindsay , Sarkar Ashok , Sopiwnyk Elaine , Warkentin Tom D. , Vandenberg Albert , Crow Gary , Dyck Adam , Malcolmson Linda 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesUnderstanding the influence of genotype (G) and environment (E) on the compositional, functional, and baking properties of pulse flours is important for expanding their use as alternative plant‐based ingredients. The objective of this research was to examine the effects of G, E, and their interaction (GxE) on flour and bread properties of peas (yellow and red) and lentils (red and green).FindingsFor both peas and lentils, main effects of G and/or E were observed for most of the flour and bread parameters including sensory properties. Significant GxE effects were also observed for some of the flour and bread parameters.ConclusionsBoth G and E influenced the flour and bread baking properties of peas and lentils. To ensure consistent flour quality and to meet flour specifications, G and E should be considered when sourcing peas and lentils for flour production.Significance and noveltyThe findings from this research greatly advance our understanding of the importance of G and E on the quality of pea and lentil flours and their baking performance.
Concomitant ventricular septal rupture and interventricular septal aneurysm in neglected inferior myocardial infarction misdiagnosed with congenital ventricular septal defect: A case report
Authors: Davarpasand Tahereh , Mohseni‐Badalabadi Reza , Sadeghian Mohammad , Mortazavi Seyedeh Hamideh , Lalvand Atefeh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study emphasizes that VSD should not be immediately diagnosed as a congenital disorder; instead, regional wall motion abnormalities in the left ventricle should also be taken into account since it may result from mechanical complications of neglected myocardial infarction.
Genetic gain and G×E interaction in bread wheat cultivars representing 105 years of breeding in Pakistan
Authors: Hanif Uzma , Gul Alvina , Amir Rabia , Munir Faiza , Sorrells Mark E. , Gauch Hugh G. , Mahmood Zahid , Subhani Abid , Imtiaz Muhammad , Alipour Hadi , Rasheed Awais , He Zhonghu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIt is important to understand the genetic gain achieved through selection of key yield traits for planning future breeding strategies in developing high yielding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. The aim of this study was to characterize the genetic changes and genotype × environment (G×E) interaction by additive main effect and multiplicative interactions (AMMI) for morphological, physiological, and yield component traits under five environments using 24 wheat cultivars released from 1911 to 2016 in Pakistan. There was a significant increase in grain yield (9.03 kg ha−1 yr−1, 0.37%), and plant height was reduced linearly (−0.26 cm yr−1, −0.33%). The traits waxiness, leaf rolling, harvest index, spike length, and grains per spike significantly increased but the gain was only 0.16–0.2% per year. Analysis of variance revealed that genotype, environment, and G×E interaction were highly significant (P < .01) for all traits except relative chlorophyll content, biomass, days to maturity, and number of spikes. Gene‐specific markers identified the durable resistance gene Lr67/Yr46/Sr55/Pm46 in obsolete cultivars as early as 1911, whereas the photoperiod‐insensitive allele Ppd‐D1a and reduced height alleles Rht‐B1b and Rht‐D1b were present only in the post‐1965 cultivars. Diversity analysis based on a 50K single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping array clearly differentiated temporal patterns in 24 cultivars, which was correlated with the agronomic performance of the cultivars. This dataset provided detailed insight into the performance of historical wheat cultivars and could help in devising wheat breeding strategies to focus on the traits contributing to grain yield and have slower rate of genetic progress.