bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anxiety, Depression, and Pain in the Perinatal Period: A Review for Obstetric Care Providers
Authors: Xiong Pa Ta , Poehlmann John , Stowe Zachary , Antony Kathleen M. 
Published: December 2021

Importance
Maternal depression and anxiety may not only increase vulnerability for the development of postpartum depression and anxiety but may increase the perception of obstetric pain.

Objective
This review focuses on the relationship among depression, anxiety, and pain during pregnancy and postpartum. We will first review common clinical screening tools for depression, anxiety, and pain. Then, the existing evidence describing the relationship of depression, anxiety, and pain will be covered.

Evidence Acquisition
Queries for publications in PubMed, Google Scholar, and the CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) were completed. Both searches were limited to publications within the last 20 years. Literatures on subtopics obtained from the references of publications identified in the initial search were not limited by publication year.

Results
A total of 19 total publications were identified regarding postpartum depression and pain; 17 were identified in the initial search, and 2 related to postpartum depression, anxiety, and pain were found by reviewing references. Eleven studies were identified regarding postpartum anxiety and pain; 4 were found in the original search, and 7 were identified by reviewing the references.

Conclusions and Relevance
The relationship between postpartum depression and pain is well characterized in the literature. However, the relationship between postpartum anxiety and pain is less well defined, and further research is needed. The interaction between maternal mental health and pain emphasizes the importance of screening for these conditions and also counseling and educating patients about expectations regarding intrapartum and postpartum pain.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians

Learning Objectives
After participating in this activity, the reader should be better able to identify the high prevalence of anxiety and depression in the pregnant and postpartum population; describe the strengths and limitations of the existing tools to screen for depression, anxiety, and pain during pregnancy and the postpartum period; explain the existing literature describing the relationship between depression and pain during pregnancy and the postpartum period, and recommend interventions to reduce the amplifying effect of these 2 exposures; and summarize the limited existing literature describing the relationship between anxiety and pain during pregnancy and the postpartum period, with a goal of designing future interventions to reduce the effect of these 2 exposures.
Immediate “Kangaroo Mother Care” and Survival of Infants With Low Birth Weight
Authors:   WHO Immediate KMC Study Group
Published: December 2021

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2021;384:2028–2038)
Infants with low birth weight who are born preterm, are small for gestational age, or both make up a large percentage of all neonatal deaths worldwide. Addressing this disparity and reducing mortality among these infants are crucial to accomplishing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals target of reducing neonatal mortality to 12 deaths per 1000 live births in all countries by the year 2030.
Avelumab Alone or in Combination With Chemotherapy Versus Chemotherapy Alone in Platinum-Resistant or Platinum-Refractory Ovarian Cancer (JAVELIN Ovarian 200): An Open-Label, Three-Arm, Randomised, Phase 3 Study
Authors: Pujade-Lauraine Eric , Fujiwara Keiichi , Ledermann Jonathan A. , Oza Amit M. , Kristeleit Rebecca , Ray-Coquard Isabelle-Laure , Richardson Gary E. , Sessa Cristiana , Yonemori Kan , Banerjee Susana , Leary Alexandra , Tinker Anna V. , Jung Kyung Hae , Madry Radoslaw , Park Sang-Yoon , Anderson Charles K. , Zohren Fabian , Stewart Ross A. , Wei Caimiao , Dychter Samuel S. , Monk Bradley J. 
Published: December 2021

(Abstracted from Lancet Oncol 2021;22:1034–1046)
The majority of patients with ovarian cancer will experience relapse and develop platinum-resistant disease after being treated with frontline platinum-based chemotherapy. Treatment options for platinum-resistance or platinum-refractory disease are very limited, usually involving nonplatinum chemotherapy, and they are associated with poor objective response rates and life expectancy.
Impaired Fecundity as a Marker of Health and Survival: A Danish Twin Cohort Study
Authors: Ahrenfeldt L. J. , Möller S. , Wensink M. J. , Eisenberg M. L. , Christensen K. , Jensen T. K. , Lindahl-Jacobsen R. 
Published: December 2021

(Abstracted from Hum Reprod 2021;36:2309–2320)
Time to pregnancy (TTP), defined as the interval of time between a couple beginning to practice unprotected intercourse and conception, is a measure of fecundity, which is an individual's biologic capacity to reproduce. Fecundity has reportedly decreased over recent decades for unknown reasons that may include lifestyle, behavioral, and environmental factors.
The Combined Use of Endometrial Ablation or Resection and Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System in Women With Heavy Menstrual Bleeding: A Systematic Review
Authors: Oderkerk Tamara J. , van de Kar Majorie M. A. , van der Zanden Carlijn H. M. , Geomini Peggy M. A. J. , Herman Malou C. , Bongers Marlies Y. 
Published: December 2021

(Abstracted from Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2021;100:1779–1787)
Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) affects approximately 10% to 30% of women of reproductive age and is often treated conservatively with insertion of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) or endometrial ablation/resection (EA). The LNG-IUS induces atrophy of endometrial tissue, whereas EA is a minimally invasive, uterus-preserving procedure that destroys endometrial tissue and superficial myometrium.
Loss of Nuclear Basophilic Staining as a Postmortem Interval Marker
Authors: Alabbasi Samah F. , Viramontes Ariel C. , Diaz Francisco J. , Weedn Victor W. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction
The loss of basophilia (LOB), as an objective marker of postmortem interval (PMI), was evaluated. Such a correlation has been previously reported in stillborn fetuses.

Method
Loss of basophilia in different tissues was scored using hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides obtained from 65 random autopsy cases. Scatter plots were used to visually assess the correlation of PMI with our LOB scores. Decomposition was assessed using a modified total body score.

Results
Loss of basophilia was found to be correlated with PMI (total and unrefrigerated intervals). Specifically in this study, we found full or partial basophilic staining up to 26 hours after death, and complete LOB was seen in cases as early as 36 hours in liver and 60 hours in heart. Loss of basophilia also well correlated with the modified total body score. The LOB varied by tissue and was uncorrelated to histologically observable bacteria and fungi. Refrigeration appeared to stop the autolytic process that causes the LOB.

Conclusion
Complete LOB can be expected between 1 and 2 days after death in unrefrigerated liver and heart tissues because of autolysis.
Novel Quantification of Real-Time Lymphatic Clearance: Immediate Lymphatic Reconstruction in a Large-Animal Model
Authors: Johnson Anna Rose , Tétrault Marc-André , Bravo Miguel G. , Girouard Vincent , Laurence Rita , Lee Bernard T. , Soo Choi Hak , Singhal Dhruv 
Published: December 2021

Background:
The real-time quantification of lymphatic flow remains elusive. Efforts to provide a metric of direct lymphatic function are not clinically translatable and lack reproducibility. Early reports demonstrate the promise of immediate lymphatic reconstruction (immediate lymphovenous bypass after lymphadenectomy) to reduce the risk of lymphedema development. However, there remains a heightened need to appraise this technique in a clinically translatable large-animal model. The aim of the authors’ experiment was to evaluate the role of molecular imaging in the quantification of real-time lymphatic flow after lymphadenectomy, and lymphadenectomy with lymphovenous bypass using novel fluorophores in a swine model.

Methods:
A lymphadenectomy or lymphadenectomy with subsequent lymphovenous bypass was performed in 10 female swine. After subdermal fluorophore injection, near-infrared molecular imaging of blood samples was used to evaluate change in lymphatic flow after lymphadenectomy versus after lymphadenectomy with lymphovenous bypass. Continuous imaging evaluating fluorescence of the superficial epigastric vein in the torso and adjacent skin was performed throughout all experiments. Findings between modalities were correlated.

Results:
The near-infrared dye signal in central and peripheral blood samples was often difficult to separate from background and proved challenging for reliable quantification. Venous and skin near-infrared imaging demonstrated a lymphatic clearance rate decrease of 70 percent after lymphadenectomy versus a decrease by only 30 percent after lymphadenectomy with immediate lymphovenous bypass.

Conclusions:
In this article, the authors describe a noninvasive, swine, large-animal model to quantify lymphatic clearance using skin imaging. The authors’ findings were consistent with results yielded from real-time imaging of the vein. The authors believe this model may have important implications for eventual direct translation to the clinical setting.
Complications in Brachioplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Aljerian Albaraa , Abi-Rafeh Jad , Ramirez-GarciaLuna José , Hemmerling Thomas , Gilardino Mirko S. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Brachioplasty procedures have experienced a surge in popularity over the past decade, mirroring the rise in bariatric procedures and growing population of massive weight loss patients. The authors estimated the incidence of associated complications and identify possible patient- or procedure-related predictive factors.

Methods:
A systematic review was performed using the PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases; extracted data were synthesized through a random-effects meta-analysis of proportions and a multivariate meta-regression.

Results:
Twenty-nine studies were included in the meta-analysis, representing 1578 patients; all studies followed an observational design. The incidence of adverse outcomes assessed included aberrant scarring, 9.9 percent (95 percent CI, 6.1 to 15.6 percent); ptosis or recurrence, 7.79 percent (95 percent CI, 4.8 to 12.35 percent); wound dehiscence, 6.81 percent (95 percent CI, 4.63 to 9.90 percent); seroma, 5.91 percent (95 percent CI, 3.75 to 9.25 percent); infection, 3.64 percent (95 percent CI, 2.38 to 5.53 percent); nerve-related complications, 2.47 percent (95 percent CI, 1.45 to 4.18 percent); lymphedema or lymphocele formation, 2.46 percent (95 percent CI, 1.55 to 3.88 percent); skin necrosis or delayed healing, 2.27 percent (95 percent CI, 1.37 to 3.74 percent); and hematoma, 2.06 percent (95 percent CI, 1.38 to 3.06 percent). The operative reintervention rate for aesthetic purposes was 7.46 percent (95 percent CI, 5.05 to 10.88 percent), and the operative reintervention rate for nonaesthetic purposes was 1.62 percent (95 percent CI, 1.00 to 2.61 percent). Multivariate meta-regression demonstrated that medial incision placement was associated with a higher risk of complications, whereas the incidence of certain complications was lowered with adjunctive liposuction (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:
In the absence of large clinical trials, the present meta-analysis can serve to provide plastic surgeons with an evidence-based reference to improve informed consent and guide procedure selection with respect to the complication profile of brachioplasty.
Facial Gender Surgery: Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Consensus Guidelines from the International Facial Gender Symposium
Authors: Coon Devin , Berli Jens , Oles Norah , Mundinger Sol , Thomas Kate , Meltzer Toby , Houssock Carrie , Satterwhite Thomas , Morrison Shane , Bailón Carlos , Tenório Thiago , Simon Daniel , Capitán-Cañadas Fermín , Capitán Luis 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Increasing societal acceptance of transgender people has led to broader availability of gender surgery and rapid growth in transition-related operations. Facial gender surgery aims to modify patients’ facial features to be more congruent with their physical expression of gender, reducing gender dysphoria and improving quality of life. Growth in research and technique evolution has not kept pace with growth in clinical volume. Therefore, the first International Facial Gender Symposium was held at Johns Hopkins University in 2019, convening surgeons who perform facial gender surgery to share ideas and assess the state of clinical evidence.

Methods:
To review the literature on facial gender surgery, the authors developed a search strategy for seven electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Gender Studies) through May of 2019, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses systematic review guidelines.

Results:
Based on the English language literature and clinical experience, the authors suggest guidelines for screening, management, and appropriate surgical technique for patients undergoing facial gender surgery. They highlight facial gender surgery as a medically necessary intervention and identify shortcomings in current guidelines.

Conclusions:
Facial gender surgery represents a complex array of craniofacial and soft-tissue procedures that require application of advanced skills and decision-making. Facial gender operations are not cosmetic, are medically necessary, and require development of new CPT codes specific to facial gender surgery. It is imperative to create educational programs and methods to define sufficient training for facial gender surgery surgeons. Research priorities include better procedural outcomes data, more quality-of-life studies, and insight into variation in both patient and procedural subgroups.
Fat Grafting before Delayed Prophylactic Mastectomy and Immediate Implant Reconstruction for Patients at High Risk of Complications
Authors: Lesniak David M. , Sarfati Isabelle , Meredith Ineke , Millochau Jenny , Wang Kuan-Chi , Nos Claude , Clough Krishna B. 
Published: December 2021

Summary:
The majority of patients undergoing bilateral prophylactic mastectomy request immediate implant-based breast reconstruction. Some patients, especially those with prior radiotherapy, are at increased risk of early cutaneous complications and implant loss. The authors developed the technique of primary fat grafting before delayed prophylactic mastectomy to minimize early complications for selective high-risk patients. They have completed 21 cases in 14 patients, 10 of whom had previous lumpectomy and radiation treatment for breast cancer. A single session of fat grafting, with a median injection volume of 250 ml (interquartile range, 200 to 300 ml), was performed a median period of 19 weeks (interquartile range, 16 to 28 weeks) before prophylactic mastectomy. All cases were direct-to-implant reconstruction using textured silicone implants. The median implant volume was 410 ml (interquartile range, 318 to 450 ml). A minor early complication developed in 14 percent of cases (three of 21), with no early implant loss. At a median follow-up of 9 months (interquartile range, 5 to 27 months), the authors found no cases of implant loss and an excellent or good aesthetic outcome (score of 5 or 4) in 16 of 21 cases (76 percent). Fat grafting before prophylactic mastectomy is a novel strategy to minimize early complications and avoid implant loss in patients at high risk of postoperative complications.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
A Guide to Industry Payments and an Algorithm for Their Management
Authors: Isbester Kelsey A. , Boas Samuel R. , Wee Corinne , Summerville Lesley , Kumar Anand R. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
The Open Payments database was created to increase transparency of industry payment relationships within medicine. The current literature often examines only 1 year of the database. In this study, the authors use 5 years of data to show trends among industry payments to plastic surgeons from 2014 to 2018. In addition, the authors lay out the basics of conflict-of-interest reporting for the new plastic surgeon. Finally, the authors suggest an algorithm for the responsible management of industry relationships.

Methods:
This study analyzed nonresearch payments made to plastic surgeons from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2018. Descriptive statistics were calculated using R Statistical Software and visualized using Tableau.

Results:
A total of 304,663 payments totaling $140,889,747 were made to 8148 plastic surgeons; 41 percent ($58.28 million) was paid to 50 plastic surgeons in the form of royalty or license payments. With royalties excluded, average and median payments were $276 and $25. The average yearly total per physician was $2028. Of the 14 payment categories, 95 percent of the total amount paid was attributable payments in one of six categories. Seven hundred thirty companies reported payments to plastic surgeons from 2014 to 2018; 15 companies (2 percent) were responsible for 80 percent ($66.34 million) of the total sum paid. Allergan was responsible for $24.45 million (29.6 percent) of this amount.

Conclusions:
Although discussions on the proper management of industry relationships continue to evolve, the data in this study illustrate the importance of managing industry relationships. The simple guidelines suggested create a basis for managing industry relationships in the career of the everyday plastic surgeon.
Aesthetic Repair of Unilateral Cleft Lip using the Modified Inferior Triangle and Adjunctive Techniques
Authors: Parsaei Yassmin , Chandler Ludmilla , Smetona John T. , Lopez Joseph , Steinbacher Derek 
Published: December 2021

Summary:
Surgical management of unilateral cleft lip is challenging. Correction requires a comprehensive approach to ensure optimal aesthetic outcomes. Various techniques have been proposed for the repair of cleft lip. This article and video vignette highlight the senior author’s (D.S.) preferred method for repair of a unilateral cleft lip using a modified inferior triangle technique, a Noordhoff triangular flap for vermillion augmentation, orbicularis oris chemodenervation to reduce tension at the repair site, and autologous fat grafting for lip sculpting.
Syndactyly Release in the Hand: Surgical Technique
Authors: Sood Ravi F. , Irwin Timothy J. , Taghinia Amir H. 
Published: December 2021

Summary:
Syndactyly is one of the most common congenital differences treated by hand surgeons. Although dozens of techniques for syndactyly release have been described, a reliable method is based on a dorsal rectangular flap for commissure construction and a combination of interdigitating zigzag flaps and skin grafts for digital coverage. In this article, the authors present a detailed description of syndactyly release emphasizing principles integral to successful outcomes.
Factors Associated With the Quality of the Patient-Doctor Relationship
Authors: Pascual-Ramos Virginia , Contreras-Yáñez Irazú , Ortiz-Haro Ana Belén , Molewijk Albert Christiaan , Obrador Gregorio T. , Agazzi Evandro 
Published: December 2021

Background
The patient-doctor relationship (PDR) is a complex phenomenon with strong cultural determinants, which impacts health-related outcomes and, accordingly, does have ethical implications. The study objective was to describe the PDR from medical encounters between 600 Mexican outpatients with rheumatic diseases and their attending rheumatologists, and to identify factors associated with a good PDR.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was performed. Patients completed the PDRQ-9 (Patient-Doctor Relationship Questionnaire, 9 items), the HAQ-DI (Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index), the Short-Form 36 items (SF-36), a pain–visual analog scale, and the Ideal Patient Autonomy Scale. Relevant sociodemographic, disease-related, and treatment-related variables were obtained. Patients assigned a PDRQ-9 score to each patient-doctor encounter. Regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with a good PDR, which was defined based on a cutoff point established using the borderline performance method.

Results
Patients were primarily middle-aged female subjects (86%), with substantial disease duration (median, 11.1 years), without disability (HAQ-DI within reference range, 55.3%), and with deteriorated quality of life (SF-36 out of reference range, 73.7%–78.6%). Among them, 36.5% had systemic lupus erythematosus and 31.8% had rheumatoid arthritis. There were 422 patients (70.3%) with a good PDR and 523 medical encounters (87.2%) involved certified rheumatologists.
Patient paternalistic ideal of autonomy (odds ratio [OR], 3.029; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.793–5.113), SF-36 score (OR, 1.014; 95% CI, 1.003–1.025), female sex (OR, 0.460; 95% CI, 0.233–0.010), and being certified rheumatologist (OR, 1.526; 95% CI, 1.059–2.200) were associated with a good PDR.

Conclusions
Patient-related factors and the degree of experience of the attending physician impact the quality of the PDR, in Mexican outpatients with rheumatic diseases.
Impact of a Digital Cognitive Aid on the Performance of Military Healthcare Teams During Critical Care Management in a Warfront Injury Situation
Authors: Paraschiv Andrei-Petru , Cejka Jean-Christophe , Lilot Marc , Aigle Luc , Lehot Jean-Jacques , Balança Baptiste 
Published: December 2021

Introduction
Initial healthcare delivery after warfront injury is unpredictably challenging for military forces. As preparatory training, healthcare providers use simulation to improve their performance in stressful critical situations. This study investigated whether a digital CA held by the team leader improved performance in simulated combat casualty care.

Methods
This randomized controlled trial was performed during a combat casualty training course for military physicians and nurses in France. Each pair of care providers completed 2 scenarios randomized to be undertaken either with or without a digital CA. The primary end point was the technical performance evaluated from a video recording by 2 independent raters using a pre-established score grid (up to 100%) according to military protocols. The secondary end point was the nontechnical performance (TEAM scale, maximum: 54 points).

Results
Thirty-six pairs of participants were included. Use of the digital CA improved both technical (74% vs 53%, P < 0.001) and nontechnical (42 vs 32, P < 0.001) performance.

Conclusions
The digital CA improved technical and nontechnical performance during training of medical care for military combat casualties. Use of a dedicated digital CA might improve care in a combat environment.

Study Type
This study is a randomized controlled trial.