bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Just beautiful?! What determines butterfly species for nature conservation
Authors: Habel Jan Christian , Gossner Martin M. , Schmitt Thomas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrioritization is crucial in nature conservation, as land and financial resources are limited. Selection procedures must follow objective criteria, and not primarily subjective aspects, such as charisma. In this study, we assessed the level of charisma for all European butterflies. Based on these data, we analysed the charisma values of the species listed on the annexes of the EU Habitats Directive and of the species being of conservation priority according to criteria derived by three objective criteria: Species ecological specialisation, distribution, and threat. The mean level of charisma was higher for species of the EU Habitats Directive than for species of conservation priority and for not-listed species. Five of the twenty most charismatic species were also listed on the EU Habitats Directive, but none occurred on the list of species being of conservation priority. A trait space analysis revealed remarkable differences between the different species assortments: The species listed on the EU Habitats Directive covered a large trait space and included many species with high charismatic value, but low ecological and biogeographical relevance, while species of high conservation priority covered a restricted trait space and did not overlap with charismatic species. According to our findings, the selection of species for nature conservation still follows a mix of being aesthetic combined with some ecological criteria.
Accelerating the solution of linear systems appearing in two-phase reservoir simulation by the use of POD-based deflation methods
Authors: Diaz Cortés Gabriela Berenice , Vuik Cornelis , Jansen Jan-Dirk 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe explore and develop a Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD)-based deflation method for the solution of ill-conditioned linear systems, appearing in simulations of two-phase flow through highly heterogeneous porous media. We accelerate the convergence of a Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient (PCG) method achieving speed-ups of factors up to five. The up-front extra computational cost of the proposed method depends on the number of deflation vectors. The POD-based deflation method is tested for a particular problem and linear solver; nevertheless, it can be applied to various transient problems, and combined with multiple solvers, e.g., Krylov subspace and multigrid methods.
Algebraic and fractional thinking in collective mathematical reasoning
Authors: Eriksson Helena , Sumpter Lovisa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study examines the collective mathematical reasoning when students and teachers in grades 3, 4, and 5 explore fractions derived from length comparisons, in a task inspired by the El´konin and Davydov curriculum. The analysis showed that the mathematical reasoning was mainly anchored in mathematical properties related to fractional or algebraic thinking. Further analysis showed that these arguments were characterised by interplay between fractional and algebraic thinking except in the conclusion stage. In the conclusion and the evaluative arguments, these two types of thinking appeared to be intertwined. Another result is the discovery of a new type of argument, identifying arguments, which deals with the first step in task solving. Here, the different types of arguments, including the identifying arguments, were not initiated only by the teachers but also by the students. This in a multilingual classroom with a large proportion of students newly arrived. Compared to earlier research, this study offers a more detailed analysis of algebraic and fractional thinking including possible patterns within the collective mathematical reasoning. An implication of this is that algebraic and fractional thinking appear to be more intertwined than previous suggested.
Smallholder farmer resilience to water scarcity
Authors: Aguilar Francisco X. , Hendrawan Dienda , Cai Zhen , Roshetko James M. , Stallmann Judith 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWater scarcity poses one of the most prominent threats to the well-being of smallholder farmers around the world. We studied the association between rural livelihood capitals (natural, human, social, financial, and physical) and resilience to water scarcity. Resilience was denoted by farmers’ self-reported capacity to have avoided, or adapted to, water scarcity. Proxies for livelihood capitals were collected from two-hundred farmers in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, and their associations with a typology denoting water scarcity impacts analyzed with a Taylor-linearized multinomial response model. Physical and natural assets in the form of irrigation infrastructure and direct access to water sources were saliently associated with overall resilience (avoidance and adaptation) to water scarcity. Years of farming experience as a form of human capital asset was also strongly associated with resilience to water scarcity. Factors solely associated with the capacity to adapt to water scarcity were more nuanced with social capital assets showing closer associations. A household with a larger number of farm laborers had a higher likelihood of being unable to withstand water scarcity, but this relationship was reversed among those who managed larger farming areas. We discuss possible mechanisms that could have contributed to resilience, and how public policy could support smallholder farmers cope with water scarcity.
Dynamic pricing with demand disaggregation for hotel revenue management
Authors: Bandalouski Andrei M. , Egorova Natalja G. , Kovalyov Mikhail Y. , Pesch Erwin , Tarim S. Armagan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper we present a novel approach to the dynamic pricing problem for hotel businesses. It includes disaggregation of the demand into several categories, forecasting, elastic demand simulation, and a mathematical programming model with concave quadratic objective function and linear constraints for dynamic price optimization. The approach is computationally efficient and easy to implement. In computer experiments with a hotel data set, the hotel revenue is increased by about 6% on average in comparison with the actual revenue gained in a past period, where the fixed price policy was employed, subject to an assumption that the demand can deviate from the suggested elastic model. The approach and the developed software can be a useful tool for small hotels recovering from the economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The immunogenic reaction and bone defect repair function of ε-poly-L-lysine (EPL)-coated nanoscale PCL/HA scaffold in rabbit calvarial bone defect
Authors: Tian Bin , Wang Na , Jiang Qingsong , Tian Lijiao , Hu Lei , Zhang Zhenting 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTissue engineering is a promising strategy for bone tissue defect reconstruction. Immunogenic reaction, which was induced by scaffolds degradation or contaminating microorganism, influence cellular activity, compromise the efficiency of tissue engineering, or eventually lead to the failure of regeneration. Inhibiting excessive immune response through modulating scaffold is critical important to promote tissue regeneration. Our previous study showed that ε-poly-L-lysine (EPL)-coated nanoscale polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite (EPL/PCL/HA) composite scaffold has enhanced antibacterial and osteogenic properties in vitro. However, the bone defect repair function and immunogenic reaction of EPL/PCL/HA scaffolds in vivo remains unclear. In the present study, three nanoscale scaffolds (EPL/PCL/HA, PCL and PCL/HA) were transplanted into rabbit paraspinal muscle pouches, and T helper type 1 (Th1), T helper type 2 (Th2), T helper type 17 (Th17), and macrophage infiltration were analyzed after 1 week and 2 weeks to detect their immunogenic reaction. Then, the different scaffolds were transplanted into rabbit calvarial bone defect to compare the bone defect repair capacities. The results showed that EPL/PCL/HA composite scaffolds decreased pro-inflammatory Th1, Th17, and type I macrophage infiltration from 1 to 2 weeks, and increased anti-inflammatory Th2 infiltration into the regenerated area at 2 weeks in vivo, when compared to PCL and PCL/HA. In addition, EPL/PCL/HA showed an enhanced bone repair capacity compared to PCL and PCL/HA when transplanted into rabbit calvarial bone defects at both 4 and 8 weeks. Hence, our results suggest that EPL could regulate the immunogenic reaction and promote bone defect repair function of PCL/HA, which is a promising agent for tissue engineering scaffold modulation.
On the development of a nonlinear time-domain numerical method for describing vortex-induced vibration and wake interference of two cylinders using experimental results
Authors: Armin Milad , Day Sandy , Karimirad Madjid , Khorasanchi Mahdi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA nonlinear mathematical model is developed in the time domain to simulate the behaviour of two identical flexibly mounted cylinders in tandem while undergoing vortex-induced vibration (VIV). Subsequently, the model is validated and modified against experimental results. Placing an array of bluff bodies in proximity frequently happens in different engineering fields. Chimney stacks, power transmission lines and oil production risers are few engineering structures that may be impacted by VIV. The coinciding of the vibration frequency with the structure natural frequency could have destructive consequences. The main objective of this study is to provide a symplectic and reliable model capable of capturing the wake interference phenomenon. This study shows the influence of the leading cylinder on the trailing body and attempts to capture the change in added mass and damping coefficients due to the upstream wake. The model is using two coupled equations to simulate the structural response and hydrodynamic force in each of cross-flow and stream-wise directions. Thus, four equations describe the fluid–structure interaction of each cylinder. A Duffing equation describes the structural motion, and the van der Pol wake oscillator defines the hydrodynamic force. The system of equations is solved analytically. Two modification terms are added to the excitation side of the Duffing equation to adjust the hydrodynamic force and incorporate the effect of upstream wake on the trailing cylinder. Both terms are functions of upstream shedding frequency (Strouhal number). Additionally, the added mass modification coefficient is a function of structural acceleration and the damping modification coefficient is a function of velocity. The modification coefficients values are determined by curve fitting to the difference between upstream and downstream wake forces, obtained from experiments. The damping modification coefficient is determined by optimizing the model against the same set of experiments. Values of the coefficients at seven different spacings are used to define a universal function of spacing for each modification coefficient so that they can be obtained for any given distance between two cylinders. The model is capable of capturing lock-in range and maximum amplitude.
Acceptance of artificial intelligence in German agriculture: an application of the technology acceptance model and the theory of planned behavior
Authors: Mohr Svenja , Kühl Rainer 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in agriculture is expected to yield advantages such as savings in production resources, labor costs, and working hours as well as a reduction in soil compaction. However, the economic and ecological benefits of AI systems for agriculture can only be realized if farmers are willing to use them. This study applies the technology acceptance model (TAM) of Davis (1989) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB) of Ajzen (1991) to investigate which behavioral factors are influencing the acceptance of AI in agriculture. The composite model is extended by two additional factors, expectation of property rights over business data and personal innovativeness. A structural equation analysis is used to determine the importance of factors influencing the acceptance of AI systems in agriculture. For this purpose, 84 farmers were surveyed with a letter or an online questionnaire. Results show that the perceived behavioral control has the greatest influence on acceptance, followed by farmers’ personal attitude towards AI systems in agriculture. The modelled relationships explain 59% of the total variance in acceptance. Several options and implications on how to increase the acceptance of AI systems in agriculture are discussed.
Leisure and housing consumption after retirement: new evidence on the life-cycle hypothesis
Authors: Beblo Miriam , Schreiber Sven 
Published: June 2021

AbstractForeseeable income reductions around retirement should not affect aggregate consumption. However, given higher leisure endowments after retirement, theory also predicts lower consumption of leisure substitutes. To avoid misinterpreting this predicted drop as a puzzle, our novel approach focuses on housing consumption (complementary to leisure in utility) and controls for leisure changes. In Germany tenants represent roughly half of all households, making many housing expenditures directly observable in micro data. We find significant negative impacts of the retirement status on housing consumption, which is hard to reconcile with life-cycle theory. Despite the lock-in nature of past housing decisions, income reductions at retirement have additional – though small – effects on housing.
Resolving empirical controversies with mechanistic evidence
Authors: Maziarz Mariusz 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe results of econometric modeling are fragile in the sense that minor changes in estimation techniques or sample can lead to statistical models that support inconsistent causal hypotheses. The fragility of econometric results undermines making conclusive inferences from the empirical literature. I argue that the program of evidential pluralism, which originated in the context of medicine and encapsulates to the normative reading of the Russo-Williamson Thesis that causal claims need the support of both difference-making and mechanistic evidence, offers a ground for resolving empirical disagreements. I analyze a recent econometric controversy regarding the tax elasticity of cigarette consumption and smoking intensity. Both studies apply plausible estimation techniques but report inconsistent results. I show that mechanistic evidence allows for discriminating econometric models representing genuine causal relations from accidental dependencies in data. Furthermore, I discuss the differences between biological and social mechanisms and mechanistic evidence across the disciplines. I show that economists mainly rely on mathematical models to represent possible mechanisms (i.e., mechanisms that could produce a phenomenon of interest). Still, claiming the actuality of the represented mechanisms requires establishing that crucial assumptions of these models are descriptively adequate. I exemplify my approach to assessing the quality of mechanistic evidence in economics with an analysis of two models of rational addiction.
Obstruction level associated with outcome in hypoglossal nerve stimulation
Authors: Wirth Markus , Bautz Maximilian , von Meyer Franziska , Hofauer Benedikt , Strassen Ulrich , Heiser Clemens 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Selective hypoglossal nerve stimulation (sHNS) constitutes an effective surgical alternative for patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). sHNS results in tongue protrusion and consecutive alleviation of obstructions at the tongue base level (lower obstructions). Furthermore, obstructions at the soft palate level (upper obstructions) may be prevented through palatoglossal coupling as seen on sleep endoscopy. However, it has not been studied if the distribution of obstruction level during a whole night measurement is a relevant factor for the treatment outcome.

Methods
Obstruction levels were measured with a manometry system during a whole night of sleep in 26 patients with OSA (f = 1, m = 25; age 59.4 ± 11.3; BMI = 29.6 ± 3.6) either before (n = 9) or after sHNS implantation (n = 12). Five patients received a measurement before and after implantation. Obstructions were categorized into velar (soft palate and above), infravelar (below soft palate), and multilevel obstructions. An association between obstruction level and treatment outcome was calculated.

Results
The mean distribution of preoperative obstruction level could be divided into the following: 38% velar, 46% multilevel, and 16% infravelar obstructions. Patients with a good treatment response (defined as AHI < 15/h and AHI reduction of 50%) had fewer preoperative velar obstructions compared to non-responder (17% vs. 54%, p-value = 0.006). In patients measured after sHNS implantation, a significantly higher rate of multilevel obstructions per hour was measured in non-responders (p-value = 0.012).

Conclusions
Selective hypoglossal nerve stimulation was more effective in patients with fewer obstructions at the soft palate level. Manometry may be a complementary diagnostic procedure for the selection of patients for HNS.
Temporal Patterns of High-Spend Subgroups Can Inform Service Strategy for Medicare Advantage Enrollees
Authors: Amodeo Samuel J. , Kowalkowski Henrik F. , Brantley Halley L. , Jones Nicholas W. , Bangerter Lauren R. , Cook David J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Most healthcare costs are concentrated in a small proportion of individuals with complex social, medical, behavioral, and clinical needs that are poorly met by a fee-for-service healthcare system. Efforts to reduce cost in the top decile have shown limited effectiveness. Understanding patient subgroups within the top decile is a first step toward designing more effective and targeted interventions.

Objective
Segment the top decile based on spending and clinical characteristics and examine the temporal movement of individuals in and out of the top decile.

Design
Retrospective claims data analysis.

Participants
UnitedHealthcare Medicare Advantage (MA) enrollees (N = 1,504,091) continuously enrolled from 2016 to 2019.

Main Measures
Medical (physician, inpatient, outpatient) and pharmacy claims for services submitted for third-party reimbursement under Medicare Advantage, available as International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) and National Drug Codes (NDC) claims.

Key Results
The top decile was segmented into three distinct subgroups characterized by different drivers of cost: (1) Catastrophic: acute events (acute myocardial infarction and hip/pelvic fracture), (2) persistent: medications, and (3) semi-persistent chronic conditions and frailty indicators. These groups show different patterns of spending across time. Each year, 79% of the catastrophic group dropped out of the top decile. In contrast, 68–70% of the persistent group and 36–37% of the semi-persistent group remained in the top decile year over year. These groups also show different 1-year mortality rates, which are highest among semi-persistent members at 17.5–18.5%, compared to 12% and 13–14% for catastrophic and persistent members, respectively.

Conclusions
The top decile consists of subgroups with different needs and spending patterns. Interventions to reduce utilization and expenditures may show more effectiveness if they account for the different characteristics and care needs of these subgroups.
The Art of Introducing Mindfulness into Medical and Allied Health Curricula
Authors: Hassed Craig 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Mindfulness is now widely used therapeutically in health settings, but for a range of reasons, it is not commonly integrated into the education of health professionals. This article aims to share practical insights and lessons learned from teaching mindfulness as core curriculum to the whole cohorts of medical students at Monash University.

Methods
This reflective article will provide a personal perspective drawing on many years’ experience since the early 1990s of integrating mindfulness into the core medical curriculum including outlining the mindfulness-based lifestyle program delivered to the medical students. This will provide a backdrop to sharing important lessons relating to preparation, integration, delivery and review of mindfulness curriculum. A range of practical issues will be explored including making the case for it to faculty, finding the right language, giving it a context and rationale, using the most conducive teaching style, having the right tutors, carefully dealing with resistance, finding appropriate methods of assessment and the importance of review.

Results
Evaluations and feedback on the program over a number of years have shown a high level of acceptance and utilisation of mindfulness-based skills by students. Since its inception, mindfulness training has now become integral in the training of many other health professional students at Monash.

Conclusions
If done effectively, mindfulness can be successfully introduced and integrated into core curriculum of medical and allied health students using it as a meta-skill to support the development of student wellbeing a range of important clinical competencies.
A novel algorithm for finding top-k weighted overlapping densest connected subgraphs in dual networks
Authors: Dondi Riccardo , Hosseinzadeh Mohammad Mehdi , Guzzi Pietro H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe use of networks for modelling and analysing relations among data is currently growing. Recently, the use of a single networks for capturing all the aspects of some complex scenarios has shown some limitations. Consequently, it has been proposed to use Dual Networks (DN), a pair of related networks, to analyse complex systems. The two graphs in a DN have the same set of vertices and different edge sets. Common subgraphs among these networks may convey some insights about the modelled scenarios. For instance, the detection of the Top-k Densest Connected subgraphs, i.e. a set k subgraphs having the largest density in the conceptual network which are also connected in the physical network, may reveal set of highly related nodes. After proposing a formalisation of the approach, we propose a heuristic to find a solution, since the problem is computationally hard. A set of experiments on synthetic and real networks is also presented to support our approach.
Are There “Inherently Sovereign Functions” in International Law?
Authors: Mégret Frédéric 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrivatization of functions that were traditionally considered sovereign has reached new heights. International lawyers have responded mostly by seeking to limit some of the consequences of that phenomenon, by, for example, ensuring accountability of states for outsourcing. International law has sometimes appeared agnostic, however, about the very legality of privatization. This Article explores a more radical take, namely the possibility that certain state functions could be seen as “inherently sovereign” under international law. International law can be understood this way, the Article argues, despite its general deferral to sovereignty (including the sovereignty to outsource), the fact that historically all kinds of functions that we have come to associate with the state have been exercised privately, and international law's own role in legitimizing privatization in our era.