bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INFORMATION SECURITY AUDITOR BASED ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION EXPERIENCE
Authors: Филяк Петр Юрьевич , Ермолин Александр Николаевич , Корецкий Максим Алексеевич , Остапенко Александр Григорьевич , Кострова Вера Николаевна 
Published: March 2021

Искусственный интеллект (Artificial Intelligence - AI) в настоящее время это уже не просто модное название и словосочетание, а система мышления (когнитивная система), моделирующая работу головного мозга, мышления и принятия им целого спектра решений, в том числе и управленческих. Искусственный интеллект - реализуемая с помощью программно-аппаратного обеспечения и использующая разнообразный набор типов интерфейсов и их сочетаний, позволяющих осуществлять практически полноценную замену традиционно используемых человеческих мыслительных и управленческих функций для решения как теоретических, так и практических задач, начиная от простых, легко структурируемых задач и вплоть до задач, характеризующихся неопределенностью. В статье рассмотрены этапы последовательной реализации искусственного интеллекта. Приведен пример создания навыка для голосового ассистента на языке PHP.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is now not just a fashionable name and phrase, but a thinking system (cognitive system) that simulates the work of the brain, thinking and making a whole range of decisions, including managerial ones. Artificial intelligence - implemented with the help of software and hardware and using a diverse set of interface types and their combinations, allowing for almost complete replacement of traditionally used human thinking and management functions for solving both theoretical and practical tasks, ranging from simple, easily structured tasks and up to tasks characterized by uncertainty. The article discusses the stages of the sequential implementation of artificial intelligence. An example of creating a skill for a voice assistant in PHP is given.
SOFTWARE AND TECHNICAL COMPLEX OF RISK ANALYSIS OF DESCTRUCTIVE CONTENTS OF SOCIAL NETWORKS: KEY COMPONENTS AND VULNERABILITIES
Authors: Чапурин Евгений Юрьевич , Гуслянников Александр Евгеньевич , Паринова Лариса Владимировна , Юрасов Владислав Георгиевич , Пастернак Юрий Геориевич , Лось Владимир Павлович , Кострова Вера Николаевна 
Published: March 2021

В статье описана работа программ-сканеров. Для программы-сканера социальной сети «ВКонтакте» предложена методика работы с API данной сети, включая проверку на существование токена авторизации, а при его отсутствии описан метод получения токена и дальнейшее его применение. Для программы, работающей с социальной сетью «Одноклассники», описаны вспомогательные функции, основанные на библиотеке cURL, необходимые для получения DOM-страницы и ее хранения. Также изложена логика программы-сканера с последующим анализом функций библиотеки phpQuery. Описана работа программы-классификатора, включая подробное описание примененных методов библиотеки php-ml на основе метода опорных векторов. Проведен анализ комплекса на наличие уязвимостей.
The article describes the operation of scanners. For the VKontakte social network scanner program, a method is proposed for working with the API of this network, including checking for the existence of an authorization token, and in its absence, a method for obtaining a token and its further use is described. For a program that works with the Odnoklassniki social network, auxiliary functions based on the cURL library are described, which are required to obtain a DOM page and store it. Also, the logic of the scanner program is presented, followed by the analysis of the phpQuery library functions. The work of the classifier program is described, including a detailed description of the applied methods of the php-ml library based on the support vector machine. The analysis of the complex for vulnerabilities has been carried out.
CARTOGRAPHIC RESEARCH OF THE ACTIVITIES OF CYBER CRIME GROUPINGS IN DISTRIBUTED COMPUTER SYSTEMS
Authors: Москалева Екатерина Алексеевна , Баранников Николай Иванович , Каребин Дмитрий Сергеевич , Батаронов Игорь Леонидович , Макаров Олег Юрьевич , Лось Владимир Павлович , Белецкая Светлана Юрьевна 
Published: March 2021

Целью исследований является определение мер защиты от наиболее опасных киберпреступных группировок в ходе картографических исследований их деятельности в распределенных компьютерных системах. В работе продемонстрирован картографический подход к решению задачи выявления взаимосвязей киберпреступных группировок на примере построения и анализа карт связей группировок и используемых ими средств, а также технических приёмов. При помощи интерактивной карты выявляют киберпреступные группировки, которые проводят массовые атаки, и на основе этого разрабатывают меры защиты от средств, используемых во время атак. Результаты статьи полезны для повышения эффективности экспертного анализа, позволяющего быстрее находить взаимосвязи, установление которых было затруднено в силу отсутствия визуальной составляющей представления данных, так и для защиты информационных систем пользователей, которые могут стать жертвами массовых компьютерных атак.
The purpose of the research is to determine measures to protect against the most dangerous cybercriminal groups during cartographic studies of their activities in distributed computer systems. The paper demonstrates a cartographic approach to solving the problem of identifying the relationships of cybercriminal groups by the example of constructing and analyzing maps of the connections of groups and the means they use. Using an interactive map, cybercriminal groups that carry out mass attacks were identified and protection measures against the means used during such attacks were developed. The results can be used both for a more effective expert analysis, which allows finding relationships more quickly, the establishment of which was difficult due to the lack of a visual component of the data presentation, and for protecting users' information systems that may become victims of massive computer attacks.
FORMALIZATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OF MONO-VIRAL EPIDEMIC PROCESSES IN NETWORKS
Authors: Остапенко Александр Григорьевич , Соколова Елена Сергеевна , Пастернак Юрий Геннадьевич , Шварцкопф Евгения Андреевна , Сибирко Ксения Владимировна , Сафронова Виктория Витальевна , Калашников Андрей Олегович , Лось Владимир Павлович 
Published: March 2021

Рассматривается процесс распространения вирусной инфекции (компьютерной, психологической) в сетевой структуре в корпоративной, социальной сети. Предлагается обобщенная модель вирусования элемента сети с учетом дискретности его состояний (статусы восприимчивого к вирусу элемента, распространителя инфекции, иммунизированного элемента). Шаг моделирования (дискретного) сопоставим с инкубационным периодом. В этой связи рассматривается риск появления (в эпидемическом процессе) множества элементов сети различных (из вышеупомянутых) статусов на основе веерного представления процесса. По их количественной оценке прогнозируется эпистойкость сети в отношении рассматриваемого вируса.
The process of spreading a viral infection (computer, psychological) in a network structure in a corporate, social network is considered. A generalized model of network element viralization is proposed, taking into account the discreteness of its states (statuses of a virus-susceptible element, an infection propagator, an immunized element). The step of modeling (discrete) is comparable to the incubation period. in this regard, the risk of occurrence (in the epidemic process) is considered) multiple network elements of different (from the above) statuses based on a fan representation of the process. According to their quantitative assessment, the epistability of the network with respect to the virus in question is predicted.
A Reference-Dependent Computational Model of Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Rigoli Francesco , Martinelli Cristina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInfluential accounts interpret anorexia as arising from perfectionism, dichotomous thinking, and poor control expressed in a variety of life domains, resulting in low self-esteem. In this context, restraining eating would allow patients to re-establish some control and self-esteem. Although this view has offered important insight, one shortcoming is that constructs such as perfectionism, control, and dichotomous thinking, remain poorly specified. To clarify these constructs, we propose a computational model of anorexia. This relies on previous theories of evaluation, which highlight its reference-dependent nature: when attributing a value to an outcome, our brain automatically assesses the outcome relative to its context. Following these theories, the model proposes that a high reference point explains general characteristics such as perfectionism, dichotomous thinking, low self-esteem, and low sense of control. These characteristics would result specifically in anorexia when the sense of control regarding body shape, compared with other life domains, is relatively high. The model raises the possibility that reference effects also might explain why patients pursue extremely low weight; exposure to skinny body images—one product of obsessive dieting—might change the reference point for their own body, hence leading to extremely low body weight, staunch refusal to gain weight, and body misperceptions. The model contributes to clarify key concepts adopted in the literature and their relation. Such computational formulation might help to foster theoretical debate, formulating novel empirical predictions, and integrate psychological and neuroscientific perspectives on anorexia.
STUDI SANITASI LINGKUNGAN WILAYAH PESISIR DI KELURAHAN NAMBO KECAMATAN NAMBO KOTA KENDARI
Authors: Nurmaladewi Nurmaladewi , Nirmala G Fifi , Lisnawaty Lisnawaty , Pratiwi Arum Dian , Jumakil Jumakil 
Published: March 2021

AbstrakSanitasi merupakan upaya dasar dalam menjaga kesehatan manusia dengan cara penyediaan lingkungan yang memenuhi syarat kesehatan. Penyediaan sarana sanitasi akan memberikan dampak positif namun faktanya penyediaan sarana sanitasi masih belum memadai karena masyarakat yang belum menyadari pentingnya sarana sanitasi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari sehingga angka kesakitan akibat buruknya fasilitas sanitasi masih tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi ketersediaan fasilitas sanitasi pemukiman di wilayah pesisir masyarakat Kelurahan Nambo. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Populasi adalah semua kepala keluarga di Kelurahan Nambo Kota Kendari berjumlah 321 kepala keluarga dan jumlah sampel adalah 100 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditinjau dari kepemilikan kategori sarana penyediaan air bersih masyarakat yang memenuhi syarat sebanyak 29 orang (59,2%) dan yang tidak memenuhi syarat sebanyak 20 orang (40,8%). Saluran pembuangan air limbah yang memenuhi syarat sebanyak 67 orang (95,7%) dan yang tidak memenuhi syarat sebanyak 3 orang (4,3%). Kepemilikan jamban yang memenuhi syarat sebanyak 46 orang (51,1%) dan yang tidak memenuhi syarat sebanyak 44 orang (48,9%). Kepemilikan tempat pembuangan sampah yang memenuhi syarat sebanyak 42 orang (52,5%) dan yang tidak memenuhi syarat sebanyak 38 orang (47,5%). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa dari sisi kepemilikan fasilitas sanitasi, masyarakat Kelurahan Nambo sudah masuk dalam kategori baik namun yang perlu menjadi perhatian ialah masih banyak fasilitas sanitasi yang belum memenuhi syarat. Kepemilikan dan kualitas sanitasi ialah dua hal yang harus tercapai dalam menciptakan kondisi lingkungan yang baik sehingga derajat kesehatan masyarakat juga baik. Rekomendasi yang diberikan perlunya pemicuan motivasi untuk jamban, SPAL, dan pengelolaan sampah. Kata kunci: sanitasi; lingkungan; wilayah; pesisir
TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME). V. A Sub-Neptune Transiting a Young Star in a Newly Discovered 250 Myr Association
Authors: Tofflemire Benjamin M. , Rizzuto Aaron C. , Newton Elisabeth R. , Kraus Adam L. , Mann Andrew W. , Vanderburg Andrew , Nelson Tyler , Hawkins Keith , Wood Mackenna L. , Zhou George , Quinn Samuel N. , Howell Steve B. , Collins Karen A. , Schwarz Richard P. , Stassun Keivan G. , Bouma Luke G. , Essack Zahra , Osborn Hugh , Boyd Patricia T. , Fűrész Gábor , Glidden Ana , Twicken Joseph D. , Wohler Bill , McLean Brian , Ricker George R. , Vanderspek Roland , Latham David W. , Seager S. , Winn Joshua N. , Jenkins Jon M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The detection and characterization of young planetary systems offer a direct path to study the processes that shape planet evolution. We report on the discovery of a sub-Neptune-sized planet orbiting the young star HD 110082 (TOI-1098). Transit events we initially detected during TESS Cycle 1 are validated with time-series photometry from Spitzer. High-contrast imaging and high-resolution, optical spectra are also obtained to characterize the stellar host and confirm the planetary nature of the transits. The host star is a late-F dwarf (M
⋆ = 1.2M
⊙) with a low-mass, M dwarf binary companion (M
⋆ = 0.26M
⊙) separated by nearly one arcminute (∼6200 au). Based on its rapid rotation and Lithium absorption, HD 110082 is young, but is not a member of any known group of young stars (despite proximity to the Octans association). To measure the age of the system, we search for coeval, phase-space neighbors and compile a sample of candidate siblings to compare with the empirical sequences of young clusters and to apply quantitative age-dating techniques. In doing so, we find that HD 110082 resides in a new young stellar association we designate MELANGE-1, with an age of

Myr. Jointly modeling the TESS and Spitzer light curves, we measure a planetary orbital period of 10.1827 days and radius of R

p
= 3.2 ± 0.1R
⊕. HD 110082 b’s radius falls in the largest 12% of field-age systems with similar host-star mass and orbital period. This finding supports previous studies indicating that young planets have larger radii than their field-age counterparts.
Formation of “Blanets” from Dust Grains around the Supermassive Black Holes in Galaxies
Authors: Wada Keiichi , Tsukamoto Yusuke , Kokubo Eiichiro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In Wada et al. (2019), we proposed for the first time that a new class of planets, blanets, can be formed around supermassive black holes in the galactic center. Here, we investigate the dust coagulation processes and physical conditions of the blanet formation outside the snowline (r
snow ∼ several parsecs) in more detail, especially considering the effect of the radial drift of the dust aggregates. We found that a dimensionless parameter

, where v

t
is the turbulent velocity and c

s
is the sound velocity, describing the turbulent viscosity should be smaller than 0.04 in the circumnuclear disk to prevent the destruction of the aggregates due to collision. The formation timescale of blanets τ
GI at r
snow is, τ
GI ≃ 70–80 Myr for α = 0.01 − 0.04 and M
BH = 106
M
⊙. The mass of the blanets ranges from ∼20M

E
to 3000M

E
in r < 4 pc for α = 0.02 (M

E
is the Earth mass), which is in contrast with 4M
E–6M
E for the case without the radial drift. Our results suggest that blanets could be formed around relatively low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (L
bol ∼ 1042 erg s−1) during their lifetime (≲108 yr).
Switchbacks Explained: Super-Parker Fields—The Other Side of the Sub-Parker Spiral
Authors: Schwadron N. A. , McComas D. J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We provide a simple geometric explanation for the source of switchbacks and associated large and one-sided transverse flows in the solar wind observed by the Parker Solar Probe (PSP). The more radial, sub-Parker spiral structure of the heliospheric magnetic field observed previously by Ulysses, ACE, and STEREO is created within rarefaction regions where footpoint motion from the source of fast into slow wind at the Sun creates a magnetic fieldline connection across solar wind speed shear. Conversely, when footpoints move from the source of slow wind into faster wind, a super-Parker spiral field structure is formed: below the Alfvén critical point, one-sided transverse field-aligned flows develop; above the Alfvén critical point, the field structure contracts between adjacent solar wind flows, and the radial field component decreases in magnitude with distance from the Sun, eventually reversing into a switchback. The sub-Parker and super-Parker spirals behave functionally as opposites. Observations from PSP confirm the paucity of switchbacks within rarefaction regions and immediately outside these rarefaction regions, we observe numerous switchbacks in the magnetic field that are directly associated with abrupt transients in solar wind speed. The magnetic field strength, the radial component of the magnetic field, the speed gradients, radial Alfvén speed, and the ratio of the sound speed to the radial Alfvén speed all conform to predictions based on the sub-Parker and super-Parker spirals within rarefaction regions and solar wind speed enhancements (spikes or jets), respectively. Critically, the predictions associated with the super-Parker spiral naturally explain the observations of switchbacks being associated with unexpectedly large and one-sided tangential flows.
Lyman Continuum Emission Escaping from Luminous Green Pea Galaxies at z = 0.5
Authors: Malkan Matthew A. , Malkan Brian K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Compact starburst galaxies are thought to include many or most of the galaxies from which substantial Lyman continuum emission can escape into the intergalactic medium. Li & Malkan used Sloan Digital Sky Survey photometry to find a population of such starburst galaxies at z ∼ 0.5. They were discovered by their extremely strong [O iii] λλ4959+5007 emission lines, which produce a clearly detectable excess brightness in the i bandpass, compared with surrounding filters. We therefore used the Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/COS spectrograph to observe two of the newly discovered i-band excess galaxies around their Lyman limits. One has strongly detected continuum below its Lyman limit, corresponding to a relative escape fraction of ionizing photons of 20% ± 2%. The other, which is less compact in UV imaging, has a 2σ upper limit to its Lyman escape fraction of <5%. Before the UV spectroscopy, the existing data could not distinguish these two galaxies. Although a sample of two is hardly sufficient for statistical analysis, it shows the possibility that some fraction of these strong [O iii] emitters as a class have ionizing photons escaping. The differences might be determined by the luck of our particular viewing geometry. Obtaining the HST spectroscopy revealed that the Lyman-continuum-emitting galaxy differs in having no central absorption in its prominent Lyα emission-line profile. The other target, with no escaping Lyman continuum, shows the more common double-peaked Lyα emission.
First Phase Space Portrait of a Hierarchical Stellar Structure in the Milky Way
Authors: Dalessandro Emanuele , Varri A. L. , Tiongco M. , Vesperini E. , Fanelli C. , Mucciarelli A. , Origlia L. , Bellazzini M. , Saracino S. , Oliva E. , Sanna N. , Fabrizio M. , Livernois A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We present the first detailed observational picture of a possible ongoing massive cluster hierarchical assembly in the Galactic disk as revealed by the analysis of the stellar full phase space (3D positions and kinematics and spectro-photometric properties) of an extended area (6° diameter) surrounding the well-known h and χ Persei double stellar cluster in the Perseus Arm. Gaia-EDR3 shows that the area is populated by seven comoving clusters, three of which were previously unknown, and by an extended and quite massive (M ∼ 105
M
⊙) halo. All stars and clusters define a complex structure with evidence of possible mutual interactions in the form of intra-cluster overdensities and/or bridges. They share the same chemical abundances (half-solar metallicity) and age (t ∼ 20 Myr) within a small confidence interval and the stellar density distribution of the surrounding diffuse stellar halo resembles that of a cluster-like stellar system. The combination of these pieces of evidence suggests that stars distributed within a few degrees from h and χ Persei are part of a common, substructured stellar complex that we named LISCA I. Comparison with results obtained through direct N-body simulations suggest that LISCA I may be at an intermediate stage of an ongoing cluster assembly that can eventually evolve in a relatively massive (a few times 105
M
⊙) stellar system. We argue that such a cluster formation mechanism may be quite efficient in the Milky Way and disk-like galaxies and, as a consequence, it has a relevant impact on our understanding of cluster formation efficiency as a function of the environment and redshift.
Coronal Heating Law Constrained by Microwave Gyroresonant Emission
Authors: Fleishman Gregory D. , Anfinogentov Sergey A. , Stupishin Alexey G. , Kuznetsov Alexey A. , Nita Gelu M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The question why the solar corona is much hotter than the visible solar surface still puzzles solar researchers. Most theories of the coronal heating involve a tight coupling between the coronal magnetic field and the associated thermal structure. This coupling is based on two facts: (i) the magnetic field is the main source of the energy in the corona and (ii) the heat transfer preferentially happens along the magnetic field, while is suppressed across it. However, most of the information about the coronal heating is derived from the analysis of extreme ultraviolet or soft X-ray emissions, which are not explicitly sensitive to the magnetic field. This paper employs another electromagnetic channel—the sunspot-associated microwave gyroresonant emission, which is explicitly sensitive to both the magnetic field and thermal plasma. We use nonlinear force-free field reconstructions of the magnetic skeleton dressed with a thermal structure as prescribed by a field-aligned hydrodynamics to constrain the coronal heating model. We demonstrate that the microwave gyroresonant emission is extraordinarily sensitive to details of the coronal heating. We infer heating model parameters consistent with observations.
Migration of Solar Polar Crown Filaments in the Past 100 Years
Authors: Xu Yan , Banerjee Dipankar , Chatterjee Subhamoy , Pötzi Werner , Wang Ziran , Ruan Xindi , Jing Ju , Wang Haimin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Polar crown filaments (PCFs) are formed above the polarity inversion line, which separates unipolar polar fields and the nearest dispersed fields. They are important features in studying solar polar fields and their cyclical variations. Due to the relatively weak field strength and projection effects, measuring polar magnetic fields is more difficult than obtaining the field strengths concentrated in active regions at lower latitudes. “Rush-to-the-pole” of PCFs represent the progress of unipolar polar fields from the previous solar cycle being canceled by the dispersed fields generated in the current cycle. Such progress is a good indicator of the polarity reversal in the polar areas and a precursor for the solar maximum. In this study, PCFs are identified from a 100 yr archive, covering cycles 16–24. This archive consists of full-disk Hα images obtained from the Kodaikanal Solar Observatory of the Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Kanzelhöhe Solar Observatory, and Big Bear Solar Observatory. The poleward migration speeds are measured and show an obvious asymmetry in the northern and southern hemispheres. In addition, our results show that the PCFs usually reach their highest latitudes first in the northern hemisphere, except cycle 17. Similarly, previous studies show that the magnetic field reversed first at the north pole in six out of nine cycles. We also compare the temporal variations of PCF migration and the latitude gradient factor of the differential rotation, which shows a trend in the southern hemisphere. Moreover, the migration speed of PCFs does not seem to be well correlated with the maximum sunspot numbers.