bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of Dental Crowding and its Relation to the Mesiodistal Crown Widths in Andhra Pradesh Population
Authors: Jain Divya Kumar , Mathur Anmol , Saify Mansoor , Sharma Tanmay , Jain Manish 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
Crowding of the teeth is one of the most common anomalies which makes an individual seek orthodontic treatment. Dental crowding is more disturbing to the patients when located in the anterior segment of the dental arch because it often affects the quality of the patient's smile and speech, causing social embarrassment to the patient.

Materials and Methods:
The maxillary and mandibular casts of 100 subjects belonging to the Andhra population between 13 and 21 years of age were selected and divided into 50 subjects crowded and 50 in the noncrowded group further; we divided the crowded and non-crowded group into 25 males and 25 females in each group. Using measurement tool, individual and collective mesiodistal crown widths of canine, first and second premolar and first molar and arch perimeter of both the maxillary and mandibular jaws were measured.

Results:
When both the gender were considered, the mesiodistal crown widths were statistically significant for dental crowding in both mandibular jaw (P < 0.05 for mesiodistal crown width–P > 0.05 for arch perimeter) and maxillary jaw (P < 0.05 for mesiodistal crown width–P > 0.05 for arch perimeter). When we analysed the gender wise in the non-crowded group, we found there is no significant difference in dental crowding in both mandibular jaw and maxillary jaw (P > 0.05). Mean arch perimeter of the maxillary arch in crowded females (95.56) and mean arch perimeter of the maxillary arch in crowded males (98.79) have significant difference (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
This study concluded that it is the cumulative mesiodistal width of the tooth, which contribute more towards crowding, while the arch perimeter contributes much less to crowding. Thus, it is better to undergo extraction orthodontic treatment then to go for arch expansion in orthodontic patients of Andhra Pradesh who are seeking the treatment for relieving crowding.
As novas tecnologias aplicadas à educação no mundo contemporâneo
Authors: De Oliveira Celina Trajano , Marques Antônio Abrão 
Published: October 2021

A pesquisa mostra que educação profissional e tecnológica é um tema que, desde meados dos anos noventa, vem ganhando espaço no Brasil, por meio de reformas educacionais e estabelecimento de diversas políticas públicas e programas governamentais. As instituições de ensino estão constantemente à busca de ações que possam viabilizar a inserção das novas tecnologias na educação, objetivando melhorar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem dos alunos. Há muitas discussões sobre os caminhos metodológicos, mediação e acompanhamento que devem ser realizados, não só pelos professores, mas também pelos tutores nas atividades diárias desenvolvidas pelos discentes. É importante evidenciar os há diversos desafios impostos ao ensino alguns relacionados ao impacto que novas tecnologias vem trazendo à educação. Para alguns estudiosos, o modelo tradicional era estático. A mudança obrigou os educadores a obterem novos conhecimentos não só específicos, mas também tecnológicos. Objetivou-se neste artigo levantar bibliografia capaz de identificar as principais mudanças trazidas pela tecnologia em sala de aula. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Os resultados do estudo podem servir para a tomada de decisões e de ações que ajudem no processo ensino-aprendizagem. A conclusão faz uma reflexão sobre a estrutura conservadora e tradicional e a entrada de novas tecnologias no ambiente escolar.

Las investigaciones muestran que la educación profesional y tecnológica es un tema que, desde los años noventa hasta hoy, ha ganado terreno en Brasil, por medio de las reformas educativas y el establecimiento de una serie de políticas públicas y programas del gobierno. Las instituciones educativas buscan constantemente acciones para hacer posible la integración de las nuevas tecnologías en la educación, con el objetivo de mejorar la enseñanza y el proceso de aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Hay muchas discusiones sobre los enfoques metodológicos, la mediación y el seguimiento que se lleva a cabo no sólo por los profesores, sino también por los tutores en las actividades diarias desarrolladas por los estudiantes. Es importante destacar que hay varios desafíos a la enseñanza relacionados con el impacto que las nuevas tecnologías ha traído a la educación. Para algunos estudiosos, el modelo tradicional era estático. El cambio ha obligado a los educadores a obtener nuevos conocimientos específicos y tecnológicos. El objetivo de este artículo es identificar los principales cambios introducidos por la tecnología en el aula. Se trata de una investigación bibliográfica y documental. Los resultados del estudio pueden ser utilizados para tomar decisiones y crear acciones para apoyar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. La conclusión analisa la estructura conservadora y tradicional y la entrada de las nuevas tecnologías en el ambiente escolar.
Über den Zusammenhang von Wissen und Anwendung kompetenzorientierter Leistungsfeststellungs- und Leistungsbeurteilungsformate
Authors: Erhard Franz , Lehmann Elena 
Published: October 2021

Dieser Artikel stellt die Ergebnisse einer empirisch-quantitativen Untersuchung zu kompetenzorientierter Leistungsfeststellung und Leistungsbeurteilung an niederösterreichischen Berufsschulen vor. Dabei baut der Fragebogen, der dieser Datensammlung zugrunde liegt, im Sinne einer sequentiellen Nachschau, auf den Ergebnissen einer vorangegangenen qualitativen Erhebung auf (Lehmann & Erhard, 2020). Durch einen weiteren Abgleich der Ergebnisse beider Datensammlungen soll der bisher gewonnenen Erkenntnislage im Abschnitt Diskussion und Ausblick mehr Aussagekraft verliehen werden.
Im Zuge der zuvor durchgeführten qualitativen Untersuchung verdichtete sich die Annahme, dass die aktuell angewendeten Prüfungsformate und Beurteilungsinstrumente, die Implementierung kompetenzorientierter Unterrichtsentwicklung, wie sie seit 2012 auch an niederösterreichischen Berufsschulen eingeführt wurde, unzureichend widerspiegeln (ebd., S.10).
Nach Auswertung der quantitativen Fragebogenerhebung konnte eine teils eingeschränkte Umsetzung von vorhandenem Wissen um kompetenzorientierte Leistungsfeststellung und Leistungsbeurteilung, bestätigt werden. Somit kann angenommen werden, dass der tatsächliche Handlungsspielraum, wie ihn die Leistungsbeurteilungsverordnung (LBVO) in Bezug auf Kompetenzorientierung vorsieht, nicht in seinem vollen Umfang ausgeschöpft wird.
Inspeção eletromagnética em cabos de aço usados na indústria de petróleo offshore utilizando técnicas de vazamento de fluxo magnético.
Authors: Oliveira Raquel Lima , Moura Neto Tibério de , Silva Vitor Manoel , Macedo Rodrigo Brandolt Sodre de 
Published: October 2021

Sistemas de inspeção eletromagnética em cabos de aço ferromagnético utilizam o sensor hall como elemento sensor ao se apropriar do efeito hall para tanto. Sensores hall são transdutores que, quando estão submetidos ao efeito de um campo magnético, variam sua tensão de saída. A forma como essa tensão de saída vai variar depende da relação de aproximação do sensor com o material magnetizado ou em relação a aproximação de um ímã. À medida que há variação na intensidade do fluxo magnético que passa ao longo de uma seção do cabo de aço, em virtude da presença de ímãs permanentes de neodímio, esse sistema é capaz de medir essa variação derivada da perda de uma seção metálica em virtude da presença de pites de corrosão, perda de área metálica devido a corrosão, entalhes, trincas e rompimento de arames das pernas do cabo de aço. Em suma, este estudo tem a intenção de vir em assistência ao segmento da indústria de petróleo offshore e suas plataformas semissubmersíveis que utilizam linhas de ancoragem a partir de cabos de aço. O estudo, por meio de testes, desenvolverá sensores capazes de detectar defeitos em cabos de aço e um projeto mecânico conceitual a partir do solidworks dará formas à essa ferramenta de inspeção.
Prevalence of Mineral Bone Disease in Dialysis Patients
Authors: Rizvi Nabiha , Tasleem Faiza , Altaf Ulfat 
Published: October 2021

Progressive loss of kidney function in chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to reduced production of 1-α-(OH)2-D3 (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; calcitriol) and abnormal mineral homeostasis leading to bone mineral disorders. The disorder starts with stage 2 CKD but manifests itself as the disease progresses until stage 3 CKD.
Material and methods
This study was carried out on 61 patients with end-stage renal disease on regular HD at our Centre. After obtaining informed consent, complete blood count, blood urea level, serum creatinine level, albumin level, uric acid level, Ca level, phosphate level, alkaline phosphatase level, and PTH level were done.
Results
Out of 60 patients 41 (68.33%) were high bone turnover,10 (16.6%) were normal bone turnover whereas 9(15%) were low bone turnover.
Conclusion
The prevalence of CKD-MBD among dialysis patients is 83.33% at our center and needs proper monitoring by routine investigations including serum phosphate, calcium, vitamin D levels and most importantly i-PTH levels according to guidelines.
Acute Kidney Injury with Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Authors: Naqvi Rubina , Abbas Khawar , Akhtar Syed Fazal 
Published: October 2021

We report here, case series of patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) developing in associationwith hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Different causes of HUS and outcome of patients in this group of patients is aimed to be reported.
Patients and Methods: subjects for the study reported here comprised of a cohort of 105 patients admitted with the diagnosis of AKI due to HUS. AKI was defined according to RIFLE criteria and HUS on basis of hematological, biochemical and/or histological features. All patients had normal size kidneys on ultrasonography and no previous co- morbidity.
Results: One hundred and five patients with AKI due to HUS were brought to this institute from January 2000 - July 2019; among these 76 were females, mean age of these patients was 27.83±10.50 years. Causes of HUS were febrile illness, with or without diarrhea, diarrhea alone, pregnancy related complications and one each from snake bite, HCV infection / IFN therapy and use of combination of drugs. In pregnancy related HUS one patient had HUS during pregnancy while rest were during postpartum. Renal replacement was required in 95.23 % patients. Complete renal recovery was observed in 22 patients, while 15 died during acute phase of illness. CKD-V developed in 24 patients, 41 patients lost long term follow up, but were dialysis free till last follow up. Treatment with plasmapheresis revealed significantly better renal recovery (p value 0.026) in this group of patients.
Conclusion:
HUS can be severe life threatening disease; AKI with background of HUS may remain irreversible in many of these patients. Plasmapheresis should be offered to patients with established diagnosis of HUS.
Peritoneal Dialysis Utilization Globally and Opportunities in Lower Income Countries
Authors: Finkelstein Fredric , Khan Qamar 
Published: October 2021

There has been an expansion of peritoneal dialysis (PD) utilization globally over the past several years. This has occurred for several reasons. First, there has been a global increase in the number of patients receiving end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) treatment in high income, middle income and low income countries. Second, recent studies have emphasized the reduced cost of PD compared to hemodialysis (HD) if PD supplies can be acquired at a reasonable cost. Thirdly, it is now widely accepted that since PD is much simpler to do than HD (that is, it does not require large amounts of water, complex water treatment systems, electricity, and machinery), the use of PD in low resource countries has certain obvious advantages. Fourthly, it has become clear from experiences in Hong Kong and Thailand that have developed PD First programs (i.e. the government paying for ESKD care only if PD eligible patients start on PD rather than HD) and programs in Mexico (where there has been limited availability of HD centers) that the vast majority of patients with ESKD, even in low resource countries, are able to successfully be cared for with PD. And, importantly, as programs expand in low resource countries and experience is gained, outcomes of PD improve. Lastly, the International Society of Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) has developed comprehensive guidelines for the care of PD patients that has resulted in a dramatic improvement in outcomes for PD patients over the last several years.
Local Experience: Battling for CAPD in Pakistan: The Shifa Experience
Authors: Khurshid Kiran 
Published: October 2021

Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) is recognized as a patient centered modality for End Stage Kidney Disease worldwide. Compared to In-Centre Hemodialysis, it gives the patients a better quality of life. Rather than urgent start, 2 weeks rest after placement of PD catheter is preferred to avoid leaks.
Since I joined Shifa International hospital Islamabad, Pakistan, a gradual increase in CPAD population was seen. We share our experience and discuss the issues faced.
Acquiring Hepatitis-C Viral Infection during Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients at DHQ Hospital Sheikhupura:
Authors: Hussain Yaris , Sabir Anum , Naz Saba , Munawar Nazish , Anjum Roshina 
Published: October 2021

Background: End stage kidney disease (ESKD) is one of the end results of chronic kidney disease. In center hemodialysis is the most common renal replacement therapy (RRT) for these patients used in Pakistan. It is associated with increased risk of health care-related infections. Hepatitis-C is the frequent blood born viral infection in hemodialysis center. Its frequency is very high in hemodialysis patients as compared to general and even to thalassemia population.
Purpose of the study: To assess the gravity of Hepatitis-C viral infection in hemodialysis patients.
Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study done in dialysis center of DHQ hospital Sheikhupura, Punjab, Pakistan in January 2018. All the patients who had started hemodialysis with HCV negative status and had remained on hemodialysis for more than three months were included in the study. Patients with Hepatitis-C positive status, acute kidney disease and on dialysis less than three months were excluded. All patients were tested by enzymes linked immune-sorbent essay (ELISA) method for HCV status.
Results: Out of 153 Hepatitis-C negative patients at the time of initiation of dialysis, 60 (39.21 %) converted positive while 93 (60.78 %) were still HCV negative by ELISA method at the time of study. Number of dialysis were having significant p value.
Conclusion: Most of the patients had acquired Hepatitis-C infection during in-center hemodialysis. This emphasizes the importance of stringent infection prevention and control practices
Clinical Presentation and Outcomes of Covid-19 in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients in Pakistan: A single-Center Study
Authors: Yaqub Soniya , Hamid Amna , Naeem Zarghoona , Awan Safia 
Published: October 2021

The objective of the present study was to review clinical presentation and short-term outcomes of COVID-19 in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). The study was conducted at three coordinated outpatient hemodialysis units at Aga Khan University Hospital from 1st May 2020 to 31st July, 2020.
METHODOLOGY: Detailed analysis of 15 patients on MHD diagnosed with COVID-19 during the study period was done along with comparison between surviving and deceased subjects.
RESULTS: Out of 108 MHD patients, 17 were diagnosed with COVID-19 through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 15 of them were included in the study. Mean age of subjects was 62.8 years; 53.3% were females. Median HD vintage was 15 months (IQR 8-14). Forty percent of the patients were asymptomatic. Frequent symptoms observed were shortness of breath (40%), cough (26.7%) and fever (20%). Lymphopenia was not seen in our study and 40% had no radiographic finding. Acute respiratory distress syndrome, myocardial injury, hepatic dysfunction and thrombotic event were observed complications. Compared to survivors, deceased patients were significantly older (p=0.01) and had higher inflammatory markers including C-reactive protein, ferritin, procalcitonin, lactate dehydrogenase. Forty percent were hospitalized and 83.3% required ventilation (invasive or noninvasive). By the end of follow up; 40% patients died.
CONCLUSION:
Patients on MHD are susceptible to severe COVID-19 and higher mortality. Asymptomatic presentation demands high clinical suspicion for prompt diagnosis. Following trend of inflammatory markers may help clinician in identification of severe cases and appropriate management.
Uncontrolled Hypertension and its Contributing Factors in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Lahore, Pakistan.
Authors: Sabir Omer , Rashid Anam , Riaz Muhammad Mohsin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract:
Hypertension is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In spite of the availability of adequate medical therapy, more than half of the patients have blood pressures persistently above the treatment threshold (140/90 mmHg).
Objective:
To investigate the factors responsible for uncontrolled hypertension.
Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study population comprised of 152 consecutive hypertensive patients more than 18 years of age presenting to the Nephrology Clinic at Fatima Memorial Hospital during the period of one month (July 2020) were included in this study. The criteria for control was defined as an office BP of less than 140/90 mmHg.
Results: 96 patients (63.2%) had controlled blood pressure and 56 patients (36.8%) had uncontrolled blood pressure. Males exhibited uncontrolled BP (59%) more than females. Out of all the factors studied, volume status had a significant effect on control of HTN (p=0.003).
Conclusion
Control of hypertension in our population is still far being perfect. There is a need to fortify our efforts to control hypertension so as to reduce associated morbidity and mortality. At the same time there is a need to conduct large studies to fully elucidate the factors contributing to uncontrolled hypertension in our population.
Clinical Characteristics and degree of severity of COVID-19 in Hemodialysis Patients in Armed Forces Institute of Urology.
Authors: Umar Saba , Sabir Sohail , Raja Khalid , Mansoor Khurram , Sajid Tanveer , Saleem Salman , Ikram Aamir , Siddiqui Fuad , Sabir Haroon 
Published: October 2021

Introduction
This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical characteristics and severity of COVID -19 in hemodialysis patients at from 1st March 2020 to 15th August 2020.
Methodology
It was a prospective and Cross Sectional Observational Study. We collected data prospectively that includes all patients on maintenance hemodialysis and reviewed clinical characteristics of those with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 between March 1and August 15, 2020.
Results
39 out of 268 dialysis dependent patients had COVID-19. Mean age of patients was 55.9yrs. Only 35.8% patients were symptomatic. 15 out of 39 were having mild disease,12 had moderate and 12 had severe disease. Females (54.5%) were found to be more affected than males(45.5%). Dry cough was the commonest symptom (53.8%) followed by fever (46.1%) and abdominal pain(18.1%). Patients with multiple comorbidities were found to have severe disease.
Conclusion
We concluded that patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis are susceptible to COVID-19 and that hemodialysis centers are high risk for spread of infection. Isolating patients with COVID-19 can help in preventing the spread of COVID-19.
Conoscere per deliberare. Riflessioni sulla formazione giuridica
Authors: Consorti Pierluigi 
Published: October 2021

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Breve storia delle riforme universitarie a) fino al 2000 - 3. b) dal 2000 a oggi - 4. Il piano degli studi giuridici e l’accesso alle “professioni classiche” - 5. Proposte di revisione della tabella attuale. a) il contesto generale e particolare - 6. b) i punti salienti.
Knowing to deliberate. Reflections on legal education.
ABSTRACT: The debate on legal education in Italy appears to be an always open question. The synthesis is complicated by the coexistence of multiple factors that increase its complexity. However, the gradual and stable decrease in enrollments and the simultaneous lack of employment prospects for graduates require it to be revised, also favored by the opportunities opened by the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (PNRR). In this essay I proceed to a preliminary historical reconstruction of the debate still in progress and I present reflections which, hopefully, will be useful for its operational conclusion.
Epidémiologie et présentations anatomocliniques des cancers urologiques à l’unité de chirurgie oncologique du CHU Donka
Authors: Traoré B , Bah R , Bah M , Keita F S , Barry S M , Kourouma T 
Published: October 2021

INTRODUCTION : L’objectif de cette étude est de déterminer la fréquence et décrire les aspects anatomocliniques des cancers urologiques à l’unité de chirurgie oncologiques de l’hôpital national Donka. MATERIELS ET METHODES : Cette étude était rétrospective et descriptive concernant les patients suivis et pris en charge pour cancers urologiques à l’unité de chirurgie oncologique de Donka de 2007 à 2017. L’âge, le sexe, les localisations primitives et les types histologiques ont été étudiés. RESULTATS : Nous avons colligé 40 cas de cancers urologiques dont 31 (77,5%) de sexe masculin. Ils étaient âgés de deux à 81 ans, avec une moyenne de 44,0 ans. Il s’agissait de cancers du rein (14 cas), de la prostate (12 cas), de la vessie (huit cas), du testicule (quatre cas), de la verge (un cas) et de l’urètre (un cas). Les cancers du rein étaient constitués de néphroblastomes (sept cas) et de carcinomes à cellules claires (sept cas). Tous les cancers de la prostate étaient des adénocarcinomes. Pour le cancer de la vessie, on dénombrait le carcinome urothélial (trois cas), le carcinome épidermoïde (deux cas), l’adénocarcinome lieberkhunien (un cas), le sarcome rhabdoïde (un cas) et le carcinome peu différencié (un cas). Les cas de cancers du testicule étaient des carcinomes embryonnaires (deux cas) et des seminomes (deux cas). Les cancers de la verge et de l’urètre étaient respectivement un carcinome épidermoïde et un carcinome urothélial. CONCLUSION : Les cancers urologiques étaient relativement fréquents dans notre unité. Les plus fréquents était les cancers du rein, de la prostate et de la vessie.