bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural rates of teacher praise in the classroom: A systematic review of observational studies
Authors: Drake Kevallyn R. , Nelson Gena 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPrevious research documents the positive impacts that teacher praise can have on students' behavior in the classroom; positive praise is a reinforcer that improves and maintains appropriate classroom behavior. Identifying current trends in natural rates of praise—praise that occurs in the absence of specific intervention or training—may help teachers become mindful of their own practices. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate characteristics of published observational studies of teacher‐delivered praise and identify the rate at which teachers delivered praise. We conducted a systematic search of the literature, and included studies published after 2004; 14 studies met our inclusion criteria. The results of this study illustrate that researchers use several different measures to observe and report the frequency of teacher praise. Teachers also delivered general praise (range = 0.04 per min to 67.9 per hour) and behavior‐specific praise (range = 5.9–23.14 per hour) at widely variable rates. Teachers commonly used more general praise compared with behavior‐specific praise. Across studies, we also found inconsistent rates of teacher praise versus reprimands, with some studies reporting higher rates of praise while other studies reported higher rates of reprimands. We discuss implications for teachers and provide recommendations for future research.
Applying a MTSS framework to address racism and promote mental health for racial/ethnic minoritized youth
Authors: Malone Celeste M. , Wycoff Kirby , Turner Erlanger A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAmple evidence suggests that PK‐12 students experience racism and other forms of discrimination in school and that these experiences have a deleterious impact on their mental health. Several studies have shown a consistent and strong relationship between racism and negative mental health outcomes including increased depression and anxiety, decreased self‐worth and self‐esteem, as well as psychological maladjustment. School‐based mental health services can ensure that racial and ethnic minoritized (REM) students gain access to mental health services. Because schools are one place where REM students experience structural and individual discrimination, it is critical that school‐based mental health providers utilize strategies to promote school climates that are safe and affirming for these students. Using a multitiered system of support framework, we describe the tier 1 interventions to promote positive school racial climate and the elements of culturally responsive practices to be integrated into tier 2 and tier 3 interventions to improve mental health outcomes for REM youth.
Self‐reported lack of energy or feeling depressed 12 months after treatment in men diagnosed with prostate cancer within a population‐based registry
Authors: Bensley Jonathan G. , Dhillon Haryana M. , Evans Sue M. , Evans Melanie , Bolton Damien , Davis Ian D. , Dodds Lachlan , Frydenberg Mark , Kearns Paul , Lawrentschuk Nathan , Murphy Declan G. , Millar Jeremy L. , Papa Nathan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveFeeling depressed and lethargic are common side effects of prostate cancer (PCa) and its treatments. We examined the incidence and severity of feeling depressed and lack of energy in patients in a population based PCa registry.MethodsWe included men diagnosed with PCa between 2015 and 2019 in Victoria, Australia, and enrolled in the Prostate Cancer Outcomes Registry. The primary outcome measures were responses to two questions on the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC‐26) patient reported instrument: problems with feeling depressed and problems with lack of energy 12 months following treatment. We evaluated associations between these and age, cancer risk category, treatment type, and urinary, bowel, and sexual function.ResultsBoth outcome questions were answered by 9712 out of 12,628 (77%) men. 981 patients (10%) reported at least moderate problems with feeling depressed; 1563 (16%) had at least moderate problems with lack of energy and 586 (6.0%) with both. Younger men reported feeling depressed more frequently than older men. Lack of energy was more common for treatments that included androgen deprivation therapy than not (moderate/big problems: 31% vs. 13%), irrespective of disease risk category. Both outcomes were associated with poorer urinary, bowel, and sexual functional domain scores.ConclusionsSelf‐reported depressive feelings and lack of energy were frequent in this population‐based registry. Problems with feeling depressed were more common in younger men and lack of energy more common in men having hormonal treatment. Clinicians should be aware of the incidence of these symptoms in these at‐risk groups and be able to screen for them.
Development of physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic models for standard of care and newer tuberculosis drugs
Authors: Humphries Helen , Almond Lisa , Berg Alexander , Gardner Iain , Hatley Oliver , Pan Xian , Small Ben , Zhang Mian , Jamei Masoud , Romero Klaus 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) remains a global health problem and there is an ongoing effort to develop more effective therapies and new combination regimes that can reduce duration of treatment. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate utility of a physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic modeling approach to predict plasma and lung concentrations of 11 compounds used or under development as TB therapies (bedaquiline [and N‐desmethyl bedaquiline], clofazimine, cycloserine, ethambutol, ethionamide, isoniazid, kanamycin, linezolid, pyrazinamide, rifampicin, and rifapentine). Model accuracy was assessed by comparison of simulated plasma pharmacokinetic parameters with healthy volunteer data for compounds administered alone or in combination. Eighty‐four percent (area under the curve [AUC]) and 91% (maximum concentration [Cmax]) of simulated mean values were within 1.5‐fold of the observed data and the simulated drug‐drug interaction ratios were within 1.5‐fold (AUC) and twofold (Cmax) of the observed data for nine (AUC) and eight (Cmax) of the 10 cases. Following satisfactory recovery of plasma concentrations in healthy volunteers, model accuracy was assessed further (where patients’ with TB data were available) by comparing clinical data with simulated lung concentrations (9 compounds) and simulated lung: plasma concentration ratios (7 compounds). The 5th–95th percentiles for the simulated lung concentration data recovered between 13% (isoniazid and pyrazinamide) and 88% (pyrazinamide) of the observed data points (Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 198, 2018, 1208; Nat Med, 21, 2015, 1223; PLoS Med, 16, 2019, e1002773). The impact of uncertain model parameters, such as the fraction of drug unbound in lung tissue mass (fumass), is discussed. Additionally, the variability associated with the patient lung concentration data, which was sparse and included extensive within‐subject, interlaboratory, and experimental variability (as well interindividual variability) is reviewed. All presented models are transparently documented and are available as open‐source to aid further research.
Legionella pneumophila pneumonia with rapid clinical course in a lung cancer patient
Authors: Aga Masaharu , Shiba Aya , Hamakawa Yusuke , Matsuzaka Suguru , Miyazaki Kazuhito , Taniguchi Yuri , Misumi Yuki , Agemi Yoko , Shimokawa Tsuneo , Okamoto Hiroaki 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe report an acute clinical course of pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila in a patient receiving chemotherapy for lung cancer and corticosteroid therapy. A 57‐year‐old man presented with fever and dyspnoea and was admitted to our hospital. Chest computed tomography revealed a new left lower lung infiltrate, tumour progression in the right upper lung region, metastases to lymph nodes and pleural effusion. The urinary antigen test for Legionella was positive. The patient's oxygen requirement increased on the day of admission, and he died the day after hospitalization. Legionnaires' disease may manifest with an acute presentation, and patients in Japan with physical risk factors for this disease could get infected despite the absence of environmental risk factors. Early treatment for suspected Legionnaire's disease should be considered.
Global molecular prevalence and genotype distribution of Sapovirus in children with gastrointestinal complications: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Razizadeh Mohammad Hossein , Khatami Alireza , Zarei Mohammad 
Published: October 2021

SummarySapovirus (SaV) is an emerging cause of children gastrointestinal complications such as acute gastroenteritis (AGE). The aim of the present systematic review and meta‐analysis was to estimate the global prevalence of the SaV in children and association of infection with SaVs and AGE in children based on case–control studies. Four international databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences and Google Scholar) were used to retrieve English‐language studies published between January 2000 and December 2020. Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis software was applied to estimate the overall prevalence, publication bias and heterogeneity index. The pooled prevalence of SaV infection among children with gastroenteritis was 3.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.9%–3.9%] based on a random‐effects meta‐analysis. Genogroup I was the dominant genogroup of SaV in children with gastroenteritis [2.2% (95% CI: 1.6%–3.0%)], association analysis showed that SaV was associated with gastroenteritis [OR: 1.843 (95% CI: 1.27–2.66)]. Given the significant prevalence of the virus in children, it is necessary to pay more attention to this situation. Therefore, preventive health measures in children should be a priority.
Parent–child‐based navigation method of multiple autonomous underwater vehicles for an underwater self‐completed survey
Authors: Matsuda Takumi , Fujita Kenichi , Hamamatsu Yuya , Sakamaki Takashi , Maki Toshihiro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study proposes a navigation method of multiple autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) where low‐cost AUVs (child AUVs) estimate their self‐states including their position, yaw angle, and horizontal moving velocity accurately thanks to a single high‐performance AUV (parent AUV) without any external support. Since the child AUVs have only simple navigational sensors, positioning performance is not enough. The parent AUV, on the other hand, can conduct accurate self‐state estimation using high‐grade navigational sensors without any external support. The parent AUV supports the child AUVs through all processes of deployment, surveying, recovery, and surfacing. This study focuses on the accurate positioning method for the phase of the surveying. The child AUVs have acoustic devices for positioning and communication or cameras; hence, they build a parent‐centered wireless positioning and communication network and can also estimate their self‐states as accurately as the parent AUV, thanks to the positioning relative to the parent AUV. Field experiments with AUVs were conducted in a deep sea (hydrothermal vent field) and a shallow area. We confirmed that long‐range navigation could be achieved while keeping an accuracy that is 5–10 times greater than that achieved by the child AUV alone based on state estimation using sensor data from the experiments in postprocessing. The performance of the proposed system does not depend on the child AUV's performance. We also verified that the proposed method has a certain scalability and a high‐level performance in terms of accuracy, efficiency, and cost by a comparison with other existing navigation methods.
Mn(OAc)3‐Mediated Sulfonylation of Vinyl Azides Resulting in N‐Unsubstituted Enaminosulfones
Authors: Mulina Olga M. , Doronin Mikhail M. , O. Terent'ev Alexander 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMn(OAc)3‐mediated sulfonylation of vinyl azides with the use of sodium sulfinates was developed. As a result, N‐enaminosulfones are formed in high yields. The reaction proceeds through the generation of sulfonyl radical, its addition to the double bond of vinyl azide resulting in elimination of N2 molecule and formation of iminyl radical, which is converted on the final step to the desired product. One of the main features of the developed process is application of substoichiometric amount of Mn(OAc)3 due to participation of the generated iminyl radical in the oxidation of the starting sulfinate.
A Description of the Local Structure and Dynamics of Ketoconazole Molecule by Solid‐State NMR Measurements and DFT Calculations: Proposition for NMR Crystallography
Authors: Dey Krishna Kishor , Deshmukh Milind M. , Ghosh Manasi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn azole class antifungal agent, ketoconazole, is widely used in the treatment of mucosal fungal infections that arise due to AIDS immunosuppression, organ transplantation, and cancer chemotherapy. The structure and dynamics of various molecular moieties of ketoconazole are thoroughly studied by measuring chemical shift anisotropy tensor and site‐specific spin‐lattice relaxation time. The local correlation time at crystallographically different carbon nuclei sites is also calculated. The chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) parameters at the crystallographically distinct sites of ketoconazole are determined by the two‐dimensional phase‐adjusted spinning sideband (2D PASS) cross‐polarization magic angle spinning (CP‐MAS) solid‐state NMR experiment. The site‐specific spin‐lattice relaxation time is measured by the method outlined by Torchia (T1CP). The values of the principal components of CSA parameters extracted by the 2DPASS CP‐MAS ssNMR experiment are supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The CSA parameters are high for those carbon nuclei, whose spin‐lattice relaxation rate is slow, and it is low for those carbon nuclei whose spin‐lattice relaxation rate is fast. It suggests that the spin‐lattice relaxation mechanism is mainly governed by chemical‐shift anisotropy interaction for these carbon nuclei. A huge variation of the spin‐lattice relaxation time and the local correlation time are observed for numerous carbon nuclei that reside on the side‐chain of the molecule. The spin‐lattice relaxation time varies from 500 s to 8 s, and the order of the local correlation time varies from
s to
s. These types of studies in which the chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) parameters and spin‐lattice relaxation time provide information about the electronic configuration and the spin dynamics at the various crystallographic locations of the drug molecule will enrich the field “NMR crystallography.” It will also help to develop the strategies for the administration of antifungal drugs by providing information about the structure and dynamics of various parts of the drug molecule.
AlCl3‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Triazolo[5,1‐b]thiazines
Authors: Muthusamy Sengodagounder , Malarvizhi Muthukumar , Suresh Eringathodi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlCl3‐Catalyzed oxidative cyclization of thiosemicarbazones / triazolothiones with propargylic alcohols is achieved to afford a diverse set of triazolothiazines in good yields. Triazolothiazines were synthesized in a shorter duration at room temperature under an open‐air environment with atom economical approach.
Ag@CuO@Cu(OH)2: A Synergistic Catalyst for H2O2 Detection with Peroxidase‐Mimic Activity without Interference of O2
Authors: Muppidathi Marieeswaran , Perumal Panneerselvam 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHerein, we present silver nanoparticle anchored on copper oxide and copper hydroxide (Ag@CuO@Cu(OH)2) by green synthetic approach. Interestingly, as‐obtained Ag@CuO@Cu(OH)2 not only enhances the peroxidase‐like activity but also eliminates oxidase‐like activity. The peroxidase‐like activity was enhanced mainly due to the abundance of Ag+ and Cu2+ vacant states, which populate reactive oxygen species (ROS). This prolonged peroxidase‐like activity of Ag@CuO@Cu(OH)2 was successfully recognized H2O2 and also have long stability and repeatability. The proposed strategy, finding nanozymes with single activity will open a new opportunity to enhance the performance of colorimetric sensors.
Application of Nanomaterials in Isothermal Nucleic Acid Amplification
Authors: Zhang Chao , Belwal Tarun , Luo Zisheng , Su Bin , Lin Xingyu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBecause of high sensitivity and specificity, isothermal nucleic acid amplification are widely applied in many fields. To facilitate and improve their performance, various nanomaterials, like nanoparticles, nanowires, nanosheets, nanotubes, and nanoporous films are introduced in isothermal nucleic acid amplification. However, the specific application, roles, and prospect of nanomaterials in isothermal nucleic acid amplification have not been comprehensively reviewed. Here, the application of different nanomaterials (0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D) in isothermal nucleic acid amplification is comprehensively discussed and recent progress in the field is summarized. The nanomaterials are mainly used for reaction enhancer, signal generation/amplification, or surface loading carriers. In addition, 3D nanomaterials can be also functioned as isolated chambers for digital nucleic acid amplification and the tools for DNA sequencing of amplified products. Challenges and future recommendations are also proposed to be better used for recent covid‐19 detection, point‐of‐care diagnostic, food safety, and other fields.
Concurrent H2 Generation and Formate Production Assisted by CO2 Absorption in One Electrolyzer
Authors: Cheng Hongfei , Liu Yumei , Wu Jiawen , Zhang Zheng , Li Xiaogang , Wang Xin , Fan Hong Jin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractElectrolyzers coupling electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution with oxidation reactions of small organic molecules have the merits of reducing cell voltage and generating high‐value products. Herein, an electrolyzer is designed and optimized that can simultaneously achieve efficient hydrogen generation at the cathode, CO2 absorption by the catholyte, and methanol upgrading to formate at the anode. For these purposes, transition metal phosphides are used as the low‐cost catalysts. The unique electrolyzer exhibits a low working voltage of 1.1 V at 10 mA cm−2. Under optimal conditions, the Faraday efficiencies of hydrogen evolution and formic acid conversion reactions, which are the reaction products at the cathode and anode, respectively, are nearly 100% at various current densities from 10 to 400 mA cm−2. Meanwhile, the CO2 absorption rate is about twice that of the hydrogen generation rate, which is close to the theoretical value. An innovative and energy‐efficient strategy is presented in this work to realize simultaneous hydrogen production and CO2 capture based on low‐cost catalyst materials.
Subsampling and DNA pooling can increase gains through genomic selection in switchgrass
Authors: Tilhou Neal Wepking , Casler Michael D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGenomic selection (GS) can accelerate breeding cycles in perennial crops such as the bioenergy grass switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). The sequencing costs of GS can be reduced by pooling DNA samples in the training population (TP), only sequencing TP phenotypic outliers, or pooling candidate population (CP) samples. These strategies were simulated for two traits (spring vigor and anthesis date) in three breeding populations. Sequencing only the outlier 50% of the TP phenotype distribution resulted in a penalty of <5% of the predictive ability, measured using cross‐validation. Predictive ability also decreased when sequencing progressively fewer TP DNA pools, but TPs constructed from only two phenotypically contrasting DNA samples retained a mean of >80% predictive ability relative to individual TP sequencing. Novel group testing methods allowed greater than one CP individual to be screened per sequenced DNA sample but resulted in a predictive ability penalty. To determine the impact of reduced sequencing, genetic gain was calculated for seven GS scenarios with variable sequencing budgets. Reduced TP sequencing and most CP pooling methods were superior to individual sequence‐based GS when sequencing resources were restricted (2,000 DNA samples per 5‐yr cycle). Only one scenario was superior to individual sequencing when sequencing budgets were large (8,000 DNA samples per 5‐yr cycle). This study highlights multiple routes for reduced sequencing costs in GS.
Nerve stimulation‐guided femoral and sciatic blocks in an alpaca (Vicugna pacos) for the removal of a sequestrum from the distal femur
Authors: Ward Robert , Po Eleonora , Gozalo‐Marcilla Miguel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA 2‐year‐old female intact huacaya alpaca weighing 66.6 kg presented for the removal of a bone sequestrum from the distal femur. Nerve stimulator‐guided femoral and sciatic nerve blocks were applied to provide analgesia for distal femoral surgery. The blocks were simple to perform using existing equipment and current techniques translated from small animals. The techniques reported here for both femoral and sciatic nerve blocks in an alpaca can be used as an alternative to an ultrasound‐guided approach, especially in field situations where additional expensive equipment may not be available or desirable.
Low‐temperature phase of Ga3Ir: Crystal structure and chemical bonding
Authors: Cardoso‐Gil Raúl , Carrillo‐Cabrera Wilder , Wagner Frank R. , Grin Yuri 
Published: October 2021

Abstractlt‐Ga3Ir is a low‐temperature phase in the Ga−Ir system, which is stable below 530 °C. The sample of lt‐Ga3Ir was obtained after annealing at 400 °C for 96 hours. The crystal structure of lt‐Ga3Ir was solved using 3D‐ED electron diffraction data obtained by SA‐EDT diffraction tomography, optimized by quantum‐mechanical techniques and refined from the X‐ray powder diffraction data: structure type Fe3C, space group Pnma, a=6.9073(4) Å, b=7.7275(4) Å and c=4.8536(2) Å, Z=4, Pearson symbol oP16. The striking feature of the chemical bonding is the absence of the two‐atomic Ga−Ga bonds. The two‐atomic Ga1−Ir and Ga2−Ir, as well as the three atomic Ga1−Ga2−Ir bonds, form the bonding pattern.
The Microplastic Cycle: An Introduction to a Complex Issue
Authors: Bank Michael S. , Hansson Sophia V. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe microplastic cycle was originally and formally introduced and defined as a novel concept and paradigm for understanding plastic pollution and its fluxes across ecosystem reservoirs. This concept has now been expanded to include macroplastic particles and links all aspects of the fate, transport, and effects of plastic pollution, including source-receptor models in the environment, and expanded on previously established perspectives that viewed the plastic pollution issue in a less integrated manner. The value of this paradigm is that this perspective integrates three basic scientific spheres: environmental chemistry, biology (i.e., trophic transfer), and human health. The goal of this chapter is to introduce readers to the microplastic pollution problem and to outline the microplastic cycle as a concept and holistic paradigm for addressing this ubiquitous environmental and potential public health problem. The specific objectives of this chapter were to (1) introduce this volume and its chapters by outlining the microplastic pollution issue in the context of the entire plastic cycle; (2) evaluate fluxes of microplastics across different ecosystem compartments, including the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere. and biosphere, including humans; and (3) provide insights on public policy and potential solutions to the microplastic pollution problem.