bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internode elongation and strobili production of Humulus lupulus cultivars in response to local strain sensing
Authors: Bauerle William L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThree different cultivars of Humulus lupulus L. were subjected to a regime of internode touch and bending under greenhouse conditions. Experiments were performed to assess intraspecific variability in plant mechanosensing, flower quality, and yield to quantify the thigmomorphogenic impact on plant compactness and flowering performance. Touching and/or touching plus bending the plant shoot internodes located in the apical meristem zone decreased internode elongation and increased width. The growth responses were due partly to touching and/or touching plus bending perturbation, 25.6% and 28% respectively. Growth of new tissue within the local apical portion of the bine continued to remain mechanosensitive. The number of nodes and female flowers produced was unaffected by either type of mechanical stress. The study provides evidence that thigmomorphogenic cues can be used as a hop crop management tool to increase bine compactness and increase node density per unit area. The findings have broad implications for hop production; production can more readily take place in a confined greenhouse space with the aid of mechanical stimulation to control plant growth without sacrificing yield or flower quality.
Misoprostol vs dinoprostone vaginal insert in labour induction: comparison of obstetrical outcome
Authors: Mlodawski Jakub , Mlodawska Marta , Armanska Justyna , Swiercz Grzegorz , Gluszek Stanisław 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInduction of labour (IOL) is increasingly used in obstetric practice. For patients with unfavourable cervix, we are constantly looking for an optimal, in terms of effectiveness and safety, ripening of cervix protocol. It was retrospective cohort study. We analyzed obstetrical results in 481 patients undergoing IOL in one center using two different vaginal inserts that release prostaglandins at a constant rate for 24 h—misoprostol vaginal insert (MVI) with 200 µg of misoprostol (n = 367) and dinoprostone vaginal insert (DVI) with 10 mg of dinoprostone (n = 114). Full-term, single pregnancy patients with intact fetal membranes and the cervix evaluated in Bishop score ≤ 6 were included in the analysis. In the group of MVI patients, the labour ended with caesarean section more often (OR 2.71 95% CI 1.63–4.47) and more frequent unreassuring cardiotocographic trace indicating the surgical delivery occurred (OR 2.38 95% CI 1.10–5.17). We did not notice any differences in the percentage of vacuum extraction and patients in whom the use of oxytocin was necessary during labour induction. The clinical status of newborns after birth and the pH of cord blood did not differ between groups.The use of MVI 200 μg in patients with an unriped cervix is associated with a greater chance of completing delivery by caesarean section and increased chance of abnormal intrapartum CTG trace compared to the use of DVI 10 mg. These differences do not affect the clinical and biochemical status of the newborn.
Phagocytic and pinocytic uptake of cholesterol in Tetrahymena thermophila impact differently on gene regulation for sterol homeostasis
Authors: Hernández Josefina , Gabrielli Matías , Costa Joaquín , Uttaro Antonio D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila can either synthesize tetrahymanol or when available, assimilate and modify sterols from its diet. This metabolic shift is mainly driven by transcriptional regulation of genes for tetrahymanol synthesis (TS) and sterol bioconversion (SB). The mechanistic details of sterol uptake, intracellular trafficking and the associated gene expression changes are unknown. By following cholesterol incorporation over time in a conditional phagocytosis-deficient mutant, we found that although phagocytosis is the main sterol intake route, a secondary endocytic pathway exists. Different expression patterns for TS and SB genes were associated with these entry mechanisms. Squalene synthase was down-regulated by a massive cholesterol intake only attainable by phagocytosis-proficient cells, whereas C22-sterol desaturase required ten times less cholesterol and was up-regulated in both wild-type and mutant cells. These patterns are suggestive of at least two different signaling pathways. Sterol trafficking beyond phagosomes and esterification was impaired by the NPC1 inhibitor U18666A. NPC1 is a protein that mediates cholesterol export from late endosomes/lysosomes in mammalian cells. U18666A also produced a delay in the transcriptional response to cholesterol, suggesting that the regulatory signals are triggered between lysosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum. These findings could hint at partial conservation of sterol homeostasis between eukaryote lineages.
Urinary incontinence and the association with depression, stress, and self-esteem in older Korean Women
Authors: Lee Hoo-yeon , Rhee Yumie , Choi Kui Son 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe objectives were to investigate the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) and its relationships with depression, stress, and self-esteem in older Korean women from the Korean Study of Women’s Health Related Issues (K-Stori), a nationally representative cross-sectional survey. A total of 3000 women between 65 and 79 years were the final study subjects. We applied multiple linear regression models to analyze associations with depression, stress, and self-esteem levels in relation to UI types. Types of urinary incontinence included stress, urge, and mixed UI. UI affects at least one in two older Korean women (52.2%). The prevalences of SUI, UUI, and MUI were 45.7%, 39.6%, and 33.1%, respectively. UI was found to be adversely associated with depression, stress, and self-esteem: women with UI reported significantly higher levels of depression and stress and lower levels of self-esteem than those without UI. Women with MUI reported significantly greater impairment than the women with SUI or UUI. Our results provide an evidence base for the evaluation of mental health in older women with incontinence. The prioritization of UI detection and the identification of psychological factors may help improve the diagnosis and management of UI and potentially yield significant economic and psychosocial benefits.
A Graph Theory approach to assess nature’s contribution to people at a global scale
Authors: de Juan Silvia , Ospina-Álvarez Andrés , Villasante Sebastián , Ruiz-Frau Ana 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe use of Graph Theory on social media data is a promising approach to identify emergent properties of the complex physical and cognitive interactions that occur between humans and nature. To test the effectivity of this approach at global scales, Instagram posts from fourteen natural areas were selected to analyse the emergent discourse around these areas. The fourteen areas, known to provide key recreational, educational and heritage values, were investigated with different centrality metrics to test the ability of Graph Theory to identify variability in ecosystem social perceptions and use. Instagram data (i.e., hashtags associated to photos) was analysed with network centrality measures to characterise properties of the connections between words posted by social media users. With this approach, the emergent properties of networks of hashtags were explored to characterise visitors’ preferences (e.g., cultural heritage or nature appreciation), activities (e.g., diving or hiking), preferred habitats and species (e.g., forest, beach, penguins), and feelings (e.g., happiness or place identity). Network analysis on Instagram hashtags allowed delineating the users’ discourse around a natural area, which provides crucial information for effective management of popular natural spaces for people.
Longitudinal association between sleep features and refractive errors in preschoolers from the EDEN birth-cohort
Authors: Rayapoullé Alexis , Gronfier Claude , Forhan Anne , Heude Barbara , Charles Marie-Aline , Plancoulaine Sabine 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRefractive errors are common, especially in children and adolescents, leading to global health issues, academic implications and economic costs. Circadian rhythm and sleep habits may play a role. The study included 1130 children from the EDEN birth-cohort. Data were collected through parental questionnaires at age 2 and 5 for sleep duration and timing, and at age 5 for refractive error. At 5 years, 20.4% were prescribed glasses (2% for myopia, 11.9% for hyperopia and 6.8% for unknown reason). Children slept on average (SD) 11h05/night (± 30 min) and 10h49/night (± 48 min) at age 2 and 5, respectively. Average bedtime and midsleep was 8.36 pm (± 30 min), 2.06 am (± 36 min), and 8.54 pm (± 30 min), 2.06 am (± 24 min) at age 2 and 5, respectively. A U-shaped association was observed between sleep duration at age 2 and eyeglass prescription at age 5. Later midsleep and bedtime at age 2 were associated with an increased risk of eyeglass prescription at age 5. Associations became borderline significant after adjustment for confounding factors. Sleep duration and timing at age 2 were associated with subsequent refractive errors in preschoolers from general population. Sleep hygiene might be a target for refractive errors prevention.
Metabolic adaptations to hypoxia in the neonatal mouse forebrain can occur independently of the transporters SLC7A5 and SLC3A2
Authors: Fitzgerald Eamon , Roberts Jennie , Tennant Daniel A. , Boardman James P. , Drake Amanda J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNeonatal encephalopathy due to hypoxia–ischemia is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental effects. The involvement of branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) in this is largely unexplored. Transport of BCAAs at the plasma membrane is facilitated by SLC7A5/SLC3A2, which increase with hypoxia. We hypothesized that hypoxia would alter BCAA transport and metabolism in the neonatal brain. We investigated this using an organotypic forebrain slice culture model with, the SLC7A5/SLC3A2 inhibitor, 2-Amino-2-norbornanecarboxylic acid (BCH) under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. We subsequently analysed the metabolome and candidate gene expression. Hypoxia was associated with increased expression ofSLC7A5andSLC3A2and an increased tissue abundance of BCAAs. Incubation of slices with13C-leucine confirmed that this was due to increased cellular uptake. BCH had little effect on metabolite abundance under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. This suggests hypoxia drives increased cellular uptake of BCAAs in the neonatal mouse forebrain, and membrane mediated transport throughSLC7A5andSLC3A2is not essential for this process. This indicates mechanisms exist to generate the compounds required to maintain essential metabolism in the absence of external nutrient supply. Moreover, excess BCAAs have been associated with developmental delay, providing an unexplored mechanism of hypoxia mediated pathogenesis in the developing forebrain.
Implications of ADAM17 activation for hyperglycaemia, obesity and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Matthews Jennifer , Villescas Sofia , Herat Lakshini , Schlaich Markus , Matthews Vance 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this review, we focus specifically on the role that the metalloproteinase, A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 17 [ADAM17] plays in the development and progression of the metabolic syndrome. There is a well-recognised link between the ADAM17 substrate tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and obesity, inflammation and diabetes. In addition, knocking out ADAM17 in mice leads to an extremely lean phenotype. Importantly, ADAM17-deficient mice exhibit one of the most pronounced examples of hypermetabolism in rodents to date. It is vital to further understand the mechanistic role that ADAM17 plays in the metabolic syndrome. Such studies will demonstrate that ADAM17 is a valuable therapeutic target to treat obesity and diabetes.
Clinical advances in nasopharyngeal carcinoma surgery and a video demonstration
Authors: Ding Xi , Liu You-Ping , Hua Yi-Jun , Zou Xiong , Wang Zhi-Qiang , Xie Yu-Long , Chen Ming-Yuan 
Published: April 2021

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is highly radiosensitive, and radiotherapy is recommended for newly diagnosed NPC. Because of the poor visual surgical field, narrow operating space, difficulty protecting the internal carotid artery (ICA) and poor wound healing, the development of NPC surgery has been severely limited. For recurrent NPC, some open surgical approaches, such as the maxillary swing, successfully solve the above major problems. However, these operations are traumatic and lead to many postoperative complications. With the development of minimally invasive surgery, two concepts, the “third-hand technique” and “dumpling making technique”, have been proposed, combining with the intraoperative navigation systems and multiple anatomical landmarks for identifying ICA. Endoscopic nasopharyngectomy (ENPG) can also break through the above restrictions and has become a first-line treatment for locally recurrent NPC. Moreover, a new surgical staging system for recurrent NPC was devised to aid clinicians in choosing the most suitable treatment for these patients. A current study on ENPG alone for newly diagnosed stage I NPC shows that the long-term survival outcomes after ENPG are similar to those after IMRT. ENPG was associated with low medical costs and satisfactory QOL and might be an alternative strategy for treating newly diagnosed localized stage I NPC patients who refuse radiotherapy.
Harnableitung nach uro-onkologischen Eingriffen bei Frauen: was bei wem?
Authors: Lampel Alexander , Schultz-Lampel Daniela 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Blasenkarzinom ist bei Frauen ein eher seltener Tumor. In der noch selteneren Konstellation eines invasiven Karzinoms oder in einer High-Risk-Situation mit der Indikation der Zystektomie stellt sich die Frage nach der adäquaten Harnableitung.Die Wahl der Harnableitung wird bestimmt von den vorliegenden individuellen Gegebenheiten seitens des Tumors, der Patientin und den Erfahrungen und Präferenzen des Operateurs.Für den Blasenersatz steht eine ganze Palette an Alternativen zur Verfügung. Die Entscheidung muss zunächst zwischen den Optionen einer inkontinenten Ableitung mit Stomaanlage wie Ureterokutaneostomie oder Ileum-Conduit und den wesentlich aufwendigeren Techniken der kontinenten Varianten des orthotopen oder heterotopen Ersatzes getroffen werden.Dabei sind bei Frauen die vorliegenden Erfahrungen mit den kontinenten Varianten deutlich geringer als bei Männern und vor allem der orthotope Anschluß an die Harnröhre beinhaltet im Gegensatz zu den inkontinenten Formen des Blasenersatzes und der heterotopen Ableitung geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede.Für die verschiedenen Varianten gibt es insgesamt klare Ein- oder Ausschlußkriterien. Schwierig wird es eher in Graubereichen, für welche Form der Harnableitung man sich vor dem Eingriff entscheidet. Auf keinen Fall kann dies generell, sondern muss in jedem Fall individuell entschieden werden. Dafür bedarf es unter anderem auch umfangreicher Kenntnisse seitens des Operateurs über die verschiedenen Optionen der Operationsmethoden, deren Probleme und Komplikationsmöglichkeiten sowie insbesondere auch deren Beherrschung.
Cannabis und synthetische Cannabinoide – eine nicht nur radiologische Übersicht
Authors: Nafe Reinhold , Arendt Christophe , Hattingen Elke 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungEine Übersicht zum „Drogenabusus“ mit Schwerpunkt Radiologie kann sich nicht auf rein bildmorphologisch fassbare Veränderungen beschränken. Vielmehr muss der Radiologe über Wirkungsweise und Art des Konsums der einzelnen Stoffklassen informiert sein und das Spektrum an zu erwartenden Komplikationen und Langzeitveränderungen kennen. In diesem Beitrag stehen Cannabis und synthetische Cannabinoide im Mittelpunkt.
Dermatomyositis als paraneoplastisches Syndrom bei Kopf-Hals-Malignomen: Fallserie & Literaturreview
Authors: Klukas Jana , Pudszuhn Annett , Kusch Kerstin , Obermueller Theresa , Hofmann Veit M. 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungEinleitung/Ziel Die Dermatomyositis (DM) ist eine seltene Erkrankung, die sich klinisch durch Schwäche und Schmerzen proximaler Muskeln sowie fliederfarbene Hautveränderungen manifestiert. In fast einem Fünftel der Fälle ist die DM mit dem Auftreten von Tumorerkrankungen assoziiert. Ziel dieser Untersuchung ist die Bewertung der Bedeutung der DM als paraneoplastisches Syndrom bei Malignomen im Kopf-Hals-Bereich unter Berücksichtigung der aktuellen Literatur.Material/Methoden Nach retrospektiver Krankenaktenanalyse der Jahre 2008–2018 von Patienten mit Kopf-Hals-Malignomen fanden sich 8 Patienten mit einer Dermatomyositis: 4 Patienten mit Tonsillenkarzinom, 1 Patient mit Nasopharynxkarzinom, 1 Patient mit Parotiskarzinom und 2 Patienten mit Lymphomen. Es wurden die Diagnostik, Therapie und Behandlungsergebnisse der Fälle beschrieben. Zudem erfolgte eine selektive Analyse der Literatur (PubMed) zur DM bei HNO-Tumoren. Bei dieser fanden sich insgesamt 290 Fälle: Die Malignome waren in 283 Fällen im Nasopharynx, in 5 Fällen in der Tonsille und in 2 Fällen im Hypopharynx lokalisiert.Ergebnisse/Schlussfolgerung Eine DM als paraneoplastisches Syndrom bei Kopf-Hals-Malignomen ist selten. Sie tritt häufiger in Assoziation mit Nasopharynxkarzinomen und selten bei Tonsillenkarzinomen auf.Das gehäufte Auftreten der DM bei Kopf-Hals-Malignomen in Abhängigkeit von der ethnischen Verteilung (Nasopharynxkarzinome – asiatische Abstammung, Tonsillenkarzinom – kaukasische Abstammung) ist möglicherweise auch auf regionale Inzidenzunterschiede der genannten Tumorentitäten zurückzuführen.Bei Patienten mit einer DM sollte ein Tumorausschluss auch im Kopf-Hals-Bereich erfolgen, insbesondere bei Vorliegen einer zervikalen Lymphadenopathie. Der Verlauf einer tumorassoziierten DM wird durch die Tumortherapie positiv beeinflusst. Therapeutisch ist aber auch eine konsequente Behandlung der DM die Grundlage für eine erfolgreiche Tumortherapie.
Chemical Characterisation-Biological Evaluation of Greek Cultivar Cardoon Seeds (Cynara cardunculus). A By-product with Potential High Added Value
Authors: Graikou Konstantia , Kourti Panagiota-Maria , Zengin Gokhan , Gortzi Olga , Danalatos Nikolaos , Chinou Ioanna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCynara cardunculus (artichoke) is a perennial plant of the Mediterranean basin, known since antiquity as food and for its therapeutic properties. Cynara is a relatively small genus with two cultivated species and one wild one. Recently, successful efforts have been made to cultivate wild cardoon and monetise it as a bioenergy crop. In this study, the seeds of an established Greek cultivar of C. cardunculus, cultivated in the experimental field and used as biofuel, have been researched for their chemical profile and nutritional value. According to the results, six lignans were isolated [arctigenin, arctiin, trachelogenin, tracheloside, cynarinine, and ethylate of trachelogenin (isolated for the first time from a natural source)] as well as the most characteristic metabolites of the genus (linoleic acid, trilinolein, and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid). Moreover, the total phenolic content (31.18 – 54.51 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract) and antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of the seeds have been evaluated and showed strong antioxidant properties (44.42 – 516.81 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract) as well as satisfactory bleaching (enzyme tyrosinase, 16.95 – 23.80 mg kojic acid equivalents/g extract), antidiabetic (enzymes a-amylase, a-glucosidase, 0.14 – 1.75 mmol acarbose equivalents/g extract), and protective against neurodegenerative disease (cholinesterase enzymes, 0.49 – 1.22 mg galanthamine equivalents/g extract) activities. The nutritional evaluation of the seeds confirmed them as a rich source of unsaturated fatty acids, dietary fibre (24.1%), and high protein content (19.3%). It is noteworthy that such a neglected bioactive by-product, with essentially high nutritional value, as the studied seeds could be investigated for its value-added applications towards food and food supplements areas.
Improved bounds on entropy production in living systems
Authors: Skinner Dominic J. , Dunkel Jörn 
Published: April 2021

Significance
Thermodynamic laws fundamentally limit the efficiency and accuracy of living systems. To perform essential functions, from sensing to replication and locomotion, organisms consume energy and dissipate heat. The rate at which they consume energy can be bounded, in theory, by measuring all their internal variables. In practice, however, the entire system is rarely experimentally observable, and many internal states remain hidden. Here, we introduce a mathematical framework that yields optimal bounds on the energy consumption rate when only a small number of observables are available. Overcoming previous limitations, our approach discovers nonzero bounds even when the observed trajectories are time symmetric. We demonstrate the practical usefulness of this method in applications to a variety of recent experimental data.
Intraoperative hyperspectral label-free imaging: from system design to first-in-patient translation
Authors: Michael Ebner  , Nabavi Eli , Shapey Jonathan , Xie Yijing , Liebmann Florentin , Spirig José Miguel , Hoch Armando , Farshad Mazda , Saeed Shakeel R , Bradford Robert , Yardley Iain , Ourselin Sébastien , Edwards A David , Führnstahl Philipp , Vercauteren Tom 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Despite advances in intraoperative surgical imaging, reliable discrimination of critical tissue during surgery remains challenging. As a result, decisions with potentially life-changing consequences for patients are still based on the surgeon’s subjective visual assessment. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) provides a promising solution for objective intraoperative tissue characterisation, with the advantages of being non-contact, non-ionising and non-invasive. However, while its potential to aid surgical decision-making has been investigated for a range of applications, to date no real-time intraoperative HSI (iHSI) system has been presented that follows critical design considerations to ensure a satisfactory integration into the surgical workflow. By establishing functional and technical requirements of an intraoperative system for surgery, we present an iHSI system design that allows for real-time wide-field HSI and responsive surgical guidance in a highly constrained operating theatre. Two systems exploiting state-of-the-art industrial HSI cameras, respectively using linescan and snapshot imaging technology, were designed and investigated by performing assessments against established design criteria and ex vivo tissue experiments. Finally, we report the use of our real-time iHSI system in a clinical feasibility case study as part of a spinal fusion surgery. Our results demonstrate seamless integration into existing surgical workflows.