bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Switching from conventional therapy to burosumab injection has the potential to prevent nephrocalcinosis in patients with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets
Authors: Harada Daisuke , Ueyama Kaoru , Oriyama Kyoko , Ishiura Yoshihito , Kashiwagi Hiroko , Yamada Hiroyuki , Seino Yoshiki 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH) is a congenital fibroblast growth factor (FGF)23-related metabolic bone disease that is treated with active vitamin D and phosphate as conventional therapies. Complications of these therapies include nephrocalcinosis (NC) caused by excessive urine calcium and phosphate concentrations. Recently, an anti-FGF23 antibody, burosumab, was developed and reported to be effective in poorly-controlled or severe XLH patients. This study aimed to reveal the impact of switching treatments in relatively well-controlled XLH children with the Rickets Severity Scale less than 2.0.

Methods
The effects of the two treatments in eight relatively well-controlled XLH children with a mean age of 10.4 ± 1.9 years were compared retrospectively for the same treatment duration (31 ± 11 months) before and after the baseline.

Results
Actual doses of alfacalcidol and phosphate as conventional therapy were 150.9 ± 43.9 ng/kg and 27.5 ± 6.3 mg/kg per day, respectively. Renal echography revealed spotty NC in 8/8 patients, but no aggravation of NC was detected by switching treatments. Switching treatments increased TmP/GFR (p=0.002) and %TRP (p<0.001), and improved the high urine calcium/creatinine ratio to the normal range (p<0.001) although both treatments controlled disease markers equally. Additionally, low intact parathyroid hormone during conventional therapy was increased within the normal range by switching treatments.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that a high dose of alfacalcidol was needed to control the disease, but it caused hypercalciuria and NC. We concluded that switching treatments in relatively well-controlled XLH children improved renal phosphate reabsorption and decreased urine calcium extraction, and may have the potential to prevent NC.
Giving the Value of a Variable
Authors: Lawrence Richard 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
What does it mean to ‘give’ the value of a variable in an algebraic context, and how does giving the value of a variable differ from merely describing it? I argue that to answer this question, we need to examine the role that giving the value of a variable plays in problem-solving practice. I argue that four different features are required for a statement to count as giving the value of a variable in the context of solving an elementary algebra problem: the variable must be in the scope opened by the problem statement; the values given must be in the range of the variable, which is determined by the problem; the statement giving the values must represent a complete solution; and it must be in a canonical form. This account helps us better understand elementary algebra itself, as well as the use of algebraic tools to analyze phenomena in natural language.
Clinical analysis of 11 cases of nocardiosis
Authors: Li Yiqing , Tang Ting , Xiao Jie , Wang Jieyu , Li Boqi , Ma Liping , Xie Shuangfeng , Nie Danian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Nocardiosis is a rare, life-threatening, opportunistic, and suppurative infection. Its clinical manifestation lacks specificity, which makes early diagnosis difficult. A retrospective analysis of the clinical records of 11 patients with nocardiosis admitted to our hospital from January 2013 to November 2018 was conducted. All patients had at least one underlying disorder, such as an autoimmune disease (6/11), a blood malignancy (2/11), avascular necrosis of the femoral head (1/11), bronchiectasis (1/11), or pneumonia (1/11). The first-line treatment was trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (TMP–SMX); one or two additional antibiotics were given according to the drug-sensitive test. The median time from onset to treatment was 3 weeks (ranging from 1 to 9 weeks). The median duration of treatment after diagnosis was 20.5 weeks (ranging from 7 to 47 weeks). Eight patients were discharged and survived, and three patients died. This indicates that early use of TMP–SMX combined with sensitive antibiotics could improve the condition of patients and improve the cure rate (8/11). Clinically, it is necessary to consider the possibility of nocardiosis in patients with long-term use of immunosuppressants and poor response to treatment of common bacterial infections. Early diagnosis, timely treatment, and combination drug therapy are keys to improving the outcomes of patients with nocardiosis.
Selective biocatalytic synthesis and crystal structure of (2R,6R)-hydroxyketaminium chloride, C13H17Cl2NO2
Authors: Luelf U. Joost , Reiss Guido J. , Bokel Ansgar , Urlacher Vlada B. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
C13H17Cl2NO2, triclinic, P1 (no. 1), a = 7.1486(3) Å, b = 7.8265(3) Å, c = 13.6579(5) Å, α = 81.085(3)°, β = 77.487(4)°, γ = 73.335(4)°, Z = 2, V = 711.13(5) Å3, R

gt
(F) = 0.0536, wRref
= 0.0878, T = 290 K.
Crystal structure of N
1,N
2-bis(2-fluorobenzyl)benzene-1,2-diamine,C20H18F2N2
Authors: Ning Zhi Wei , Gan Lin Ling , Zhou Shu Jing , Tian Jie , Du Yu Hui , Zhang Hui Zhen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
C20H18F2N2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 12.4233(11) Å, b = 7.3805(7) Å, c = 18.9531(16) Å, β = 104.109(3)°, V = 104.109(3) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0464, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1201, T = 296(2) K.
Removal of sulfate from aqueous solution using Mg–Al nano-layered double hydroxides synthesized under different dual solvent systems
Authors: Liu Xiaobo , Lu Shuang , Tang Zhen , Wang Zhaojia , Huang Tianyong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Because of its priority to remove anions, nano-layered double hydroxide (LDH) was incorporated to improve the sulfate attack corrosion resistance of cement-based materials. Herein, the synthesis of high-efficiency LDH for removal of

SO

4

2
−

{\text{SO}}_{4}^{2-}

is necessary. In this study, LDH with different Mg/Al ratios was synthesized under different dual solvent systems (water and ethylene glycol/ethanol/tetrapropylammonium hydroxide). Based on the adsorption experimental results, the LDH synthesized with n(Mg:Al) = 2:1 under water and ethanol solvent systems (ET2.0) exhibits the best adsorption capacity. The d
(003) of LDH synthesized with n(Mg:Al) = 2:1 under different dual solvent systems are 0.7844, 0.7830, and 0.7946 nm, respectively. Three LDH belong to LDH-

NO

3

−

{\text{NO}}_{3}^{-}

. The results indicated that their surface charges show obvious difference synthesized under different dual solvent systems, which leads to differences in adsorption performance. The adsorption experimental results show that ET2.0 followed pseudo second-order kinetics and Langmuir model. The ET2.0 removed

SO

4

2
−

{\text{SO}}_{4}^{2-}

through anion substitution and electrostatic interaction and exhibited excellent adsorption rate with the maximum adsorption capacity of 95.639 mg/g. The effects of pore solution anion (OH−, Cl−, and

CO

3

2
−

{\text{CO}}_{3}^{2-}

) on the removal of

SO

4

2
−

{\text{SO}}_{4}^{2-}

by the ET2.0 are limited.
An assessment of broiler value chain in Nigeria
Authors: Adeyonu Abigail G. , Okunola Abiodun , Alao Monisola E. , Oyawoye Enoch O. , Okonkwo Clinton E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Livestock sub-sector of agriculture plays a vital role in the development of emerging economies in terms of provision of high quality protein and employment generation through its value chain activities. Yet, little is known about value chain development in this important sub-sector of the Nigeria economy. Hence, this study assessed Broiler Value Chain (BVC) in Nigeria. Primary data were collected from various actors along the value chain between November 2017 and March, 2018. Nigeria BVC is relatively simple with only five main actors. Grandparent Stock (GPS) farmers supply breeder Day Old Chicks (DOCs) to Parent Stock (PS) farmers. PS farmers supply commercial DOCs to commercial broiler farmers. Commercial farmers sell mature broilers to mature live broiler marketers (63%) and processors (37%). Processors sell processed meat to household consumers (12%) and 88% to fast food outlets, hotels, restaurants, and supermarkets with no export who in turn sell to individual and household consumers. High cost of feed, lack of credit facilities, and weak infrastructure were the major constraints facing production, marketing, and processing of broilers, respectively. Policies aiming at the development of BVC should focus on low/no export of broiler meat and high import of materials as well as other constraints.
Leading by example
Authors: Nalley Elizabeth Ann 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article describes the journey of a young girl born to poor cotton farmers in the early 40s who grew up to become a chemist and then became the President of the World’s Largest Scientific Society, the American Chemical Society. It describes the obstacles she had to overcome as a woman as she earned a Ph.D. in Chemistry and the successes she celebrated along the way. It also features undergraduate research success stories and how these have contributed to her success. Hopefully it will inspire women to follow her footprints in a journey that reached many corners of the world.
Toward enhancing the autonomy of a telepresence mobile robot for remote home care assistance
Authors: Laniel Sébastien , Létourneau Dominic , Grondin François , Labbé Mathieu , Ferland François , Michaud François 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn health care, a telepresence robot could be used to have a clinician or a caregiver assist seniors in their homes, without having to travel to these locations. However, the usability of these platforms for such applications requires that they can navigate and interact with a certain level of autonomy. For instance, robots should be able to go to their charging station in case of low energy level or telecommunication failure. The remote operator could be assisted by the robot’s capabilities to navigate safely at home and to follow and track people with whom to interact. This requires the integration of autonomous decision-making capabilities on a platform equipped with appropriate sensing and action modalities, which are validated out in the laboratory and in real homes. To document and study these translational issues, this article presents such integration on a Beam telepresence platform using three open-source libraries for integrated robot control architecture, autonomous navigation and sound processing, developed with real-time, limited processing and robustness requirements, so that they can work in real-life settings. Validation of the resulting platform, named SAM, is presented based on the trials carried out in 10 homes. Observations made provide guidance on what to improve and will help identify interaction scenarios for the upcoming usability studies with seniors, clinicians and caregivers.
Prevalence of musculoskeletal chest pain in the emergency department: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mandrekar Shivani , Venkatesan Prem , Nagaraja Ravishankar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Our objective was to systematically review and meta-analyse relevant studies to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal chest pain in the emergency department.

Methods
This review was constructed while confirming to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Science Direct, and OVID were systematically searched from their inception to January 19, 2020, to identify observational studies, where the prevalence of musculoskeletal causes of chest pain was reported in isolation or in combination with other causes or could be calculated from the available data.

Results
A meta-analysis of the nine included studies, having a total of 14,743 participants, showed the global pooled prevalence of musculoskeletal chest pain in the emergency department to be 16% (10–22%) [I
2=99.24%]. The pooled prevalence for the European continent was 17% (9–25%) [I
2=99.51%] and that for the urban areas was 13% (7–19%) [I
2=99.00%].

Conclusions
This review provides a reliable estimate of the prevalence of musculoskeletal chest pain in the emergency department. More studies providing age and gender-specific data for the prevalence of musculoskeletal chest pain in the emergency department should be carried out. A paucity of such data from rural areas also needs to be addressed in future research work. The prevalence values from this study will be useful in the application of Bayesian reasoning utilised in diagnosing patients, where the process of Bayesian arguing begins by knowing pre-test probabilities of different differential diagnosis, in this case that of musculoskeletal chest pain in the emergency department.
Reconsidering the dynamics of local knowledge creation: Middlegrounds and local innovation commons in the case of FabLabs
Authors: Cohendet Patrick , Grandadam David , Suire Raphaël 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This contribution investigates the dynamics of knowledge creation at the local level, building, in particular, on the interactions between formal and informal entities. Two theoretical constructions are brought together in order to do so: the middleground concept and the notion of commons. By associating these two concepts, the goal is to introduce a revised perspective on local dynamics of knowledge, which details how informal and formal entities interact with one another in order to drive local ideation processes and how these processes are structured in order to generate innovative outputs. The case of FabLabs is drawn upon in order to illustrate how the middleground and commons concepts can be mobilized to describe and better understand these local dynamics of knowledge creation.
A comparison study of the structural electronic, elastic and lattice dynamic properties of ZrInAu and ZrSnPt
Authors: Erden Gulebaglan Sinem , Kilit Dogan Emel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
To estimate the structural, electronic, elastic and dynamic properties of ZrInAu and ZrSnPt compounds, the density functional theory within the general gradient approximation was used. The computed lattice parameters, bulk modulus and the derivation of bulk modulus with respect to pressure were displayed and compared with the theoretical result. The indirect band gap for ZrInAu was found to be 0.48 eV, and for ZrSnPt the indirect band gap was found as 1.01 eV. Elastic stiffness constants, bulk, shear and Young’s module, Poisson’s coefficients and Zener anisotropy factor are calculated. Elastic properties showed that the ZrSnPt compound is more durable than the ZrInAu compound. Phonon distribution curves and density of states were investigated using a density functional perturbation theory. Both ZrInAu and ZrSnPt compounds were demonstrated to be dynamically stable. The results of this study were obtained for the first time in the literature. These results will make an important contribution to the literature.
Synthesis and physiochemical performances of PVC-sodium polyacrylate and PVC-sodium polyacrylate-graphite composite polymer membrane
Authors: Hamid Abdul , Khan Muhammad , Hussain Fakhar , Zada Amir , Li Tiehu , Alei Dang , Ali Amjad 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Three types (type-A, B, and C) of composite polymeric membranes (CPMs) based on poly vinyl chloride (PVC) and different fillers (sodium polyacrylate and sodium polyacrylate-graphite) soaked in water and 0.5 N HCl were prepared using solvent casting method. Different physicochemical parameters such as microscopic surface study, water uptake, perpendicular swelling, density, porosity (ε), ion exchange capacity, and conductivity of the as the prepared CPMs were evaluated. Interestingly, type-A CPM cast with filler-A has greater values of the above parameters except density and ionic conductivity than those of type-B and C CPMs. The water uptake of type-A, B and C composite membranes was respectively in the range of 220.42–534.70, 59.64–41.65, and 15.94–2.62%. Ion exchange capacity of type-A, B and C CPMs was in the range of 3.669 × 107–2.156 × 107, 5.948 × 107–1.258 × 107, and 1.454 × 107–1.201 × 107 m.eq.g−1 respectively while the conductivity order was type-A < B < C. These types of CPMs may be helpful in many applications including proton exchange membranes, fuel cell like devices, as sensors for different metals, gas purification, water treatment, and battery separators.
Effects of aging on proteasomal-ubiquitin system, oxidative stress balance and calcium homeostasis in middle-aged female rat colon
Authors: Almási N. , Murlasits Z. , Al-awar A. , Csonka Á. , Dvorácskó S. , Tömböly C. , Török S. , Bester D. , Pósa A. , Varga C. , Kupai K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAging is a multifactorial process, which is considered as a decline over time. It is increasingly clear that there is a gender difference in aging and in the prevalence of age-related diseases as well. We aimed to examine the effects of the aging process in the colonic tissue of female Wistar rats aged 10 weeks (young) and 13 months (middle-aged) at an early stage, according to three main symptoms associated with aging: a decrease in the efficacy of the proteasome and muscle function and an increase in oxidative stress. The aging process was found to cause a significant decrease in ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase ligase (UCHL-1) and a significant increase in 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), total glutathione (GSH), calcium (Ca2+), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in middle-aged animals. In summary, it is suggested that the reduced activity of the proteasomal degradation system may be the result of the diminished expression of the UCHL-1 enzyme and the decreased levels of ubiquitin; furthermore, we found some key targets which may help to better understand the fundamental aging process.
Rendészeti közösségi oldalak alkalmazása a szaknyelvoktatásban
Authors: Uricska Erna 
Published: April 2021

Összefoglaló. A felsőoktatás egyik fontos feladata, hogy igazodjon a
munkaerőpiac kihívásaihoz. Korábban még nem létező, digitális képességekre épülő
pozíciók jelentek meg az utóbbi években, amelyek ellátásához a digitális
olvasás- és írástudás, valamint a kommunikáció fejlesztése elengedhetetlen. A
tanulmány célja a hallgatók jelenlegi digitális és verbális kommunikációs
szintjének és azok fejlesztési lehetőségeinek bemutatása a rendészeti szaknyelvi
órák keretében. Bemutatjuk a különböző nyelvtanítási módszerek és nyelvtanulási
stratégiák alkalmazhatóságát, melyre építve ismertetjük a tervezett empirikus
vizsgálatunk legfontosabb jellemzőit, melyet a Nemzeti Közszolgálati Egyetem
Rendészettudományi Karán a rendészeti szaknyelvet tanuló hallgatók körében
valósítunk majd meg.
Summary. One of the main tasks of higher education is to adapt to
the challenges of the labour market. New positions have emerged nowadays that
can be filled only by those possessing appropriate digital and communication
skills, thus these jobs require these skills on a daily basis. The aim of the
study is to present the students’ actual digital and verbal communication level
and the possible ways of their improvement in ESP (English for Specific
Purposes) classes. We present the applicability of various language teaching
methods and language learning strategies, and relying on them, we present the
main characteristics of our planned empirical research that will be carried out
with the students of the Faculty of Law Enforcement at the University of Public
Service.
A szovjet pszichológia amerikai interpretációja az emigránsok visszaemlékezései alapján
Authors: Somogyvári Lajos 
Published: April 2021

Összefoglaló. A Harvard Egyetem Orosz Kutatási Központja egyedülálló
projektet valósított meg 1949 és 1953 között, több száz szovjet emigráns
életútinterjújának rögzítésével. A szociológiai indíttatású beszélgetések angol
átiratban maradtak fenn, az adatbázis elérhető online (Harvard Project on the
Soviet Social System). Magyarországon nem elemezték még az 1917 és 1945 közötti
szovjet hétköznapokról tanúskodó anyagot, mely két részre tagolódik: A-jegyzék
(személyes élettörténetek), B-jegyzék (speciális témák). Tanulmányom mindkét
összeállításból merítve mutatja be, hogy milyen kép rajzolódott ki a
pszichológia és pszichiátria helyzetéről az adatközlők és rögzítők interaktív
összjátékában: tanárok, klinikai pszichológusok, pszichiáterek beszélnek
szakmáról és annak politikai felhasználásáról.
Summary. A unique project was developed between 1949 and 1953 by the
Harvard University Russian Research Center, based on hundreds of interviews
recorded with Soviet emigrants, conducted by sociologists. The organized system
of transcripts, transcribed into English, are available online (Harvard Project
on the Soviet Social System). These interviews reflect everyday Soviet reality
between 1917 and 1945, and they have not yet been analysed in Hungary. The
corpus is constituted by two parts: A-Schedule (personal life stories) and
B-Schedule (special topics). Based on both, I give an acount of the positions of
Stalinist psychology and psychiatry, as created in the interactions of the
emigrants and the interviewers, in which teachers, clinical psychologists and
psychiatrists spoke about their profession placed in the dimension of the
political situation.
Perceraian Akibat Dampak Covid-19 dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Perundang-undangan di Indonesia
Authors: Awaliyah Robiah , Darmalaksana Wahyudin 
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas solusi pencegahan perceraian yang terus meningkat akibat dampak pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis kualitatif yang menerapkan studi pustaka literatur dengan menerapkan pendekatan hukum Islam dan perundang-udangan yang berlaku di Indonesia. Hasil dan pembahasan penelitian ini mencakup fenomena perceraian pada masa pandemi Covid-19, perceraian dalam hukum Islam dan perundang-undangan di Indonesia dan solusi pencegahan perceraian akibat dampak Covid-19. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa hukum Islam dan perundang-undangan di Indonesia memiliki jalan terbaik dalam menghadapi setiap permasalahan umatnya, termasuk permasalahan yang muncul dalam rumah tangga terlebih karena dampak Covid-19 yang tidak bisa dicari solusi kecuali perceraian. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan upaya-upaya pencegahan perceraian di masa pandemi Covid-19 melalui peran pemerintah, tokoh agama, masyarakat, keluarga hingga dengan kesadaran sendiri.