bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kształtowanie się ubóstwa jako wynik współczesnych procesów globalizacyjnych
Authors: Maśloch Piotr 
Published: March 2021

The article concerns the problems of poverty in the contemporary world and tries to present the issue against the background of globalization processes.Apart from showing the symptoms of globalization, the author draws attention to the cause-andeffect relations between globalization and poverty. These problems are discussed more extensively, and an attempt is made to show various aspects of contemporary poverty as well as to indicate the most important features of this phenomenon.
Procesy kształtowania się światowych korporacji i ich wpływ na otoczenie
Authors: Zioło Zbigniew 
Published: March 2021

The chief role in the development of economy is played by the leading global corporations, characterized by great economic potential and network layout of the location of their branches. Basing on this, an attempt was made to build a model of a global corporation, including its structure and outline of functioning. Next, various types of its connection with its environment were determined. These relations were presented in a matrix and verified on the example of location of global corporations service centres and the location inquiries of Far East companies in Poland.
Przejawy społeczeństwa informacyjnego w województwie śląskim
Authors: Tkocz Maria , Żydzik Jakub 
Published: March 2021

The Silesian Voivodship is one of the most industrialised ones in Poland. It can be characterised by the highest number of employees in industry, which was equal to 458,000 in 2006, i.e. 16.9% of the total number of employees in industry in Poland. When calculated per 1000 inhabitants, the coefficient is equal to 98 and it gives the voivodship the first place in the country. The Silesian Voivodship is also close to the top as far as sold industrial production is concerned (the second place after the Mazowieckie Voivodship), which was 140,500,000,000 PLN in 2006, making 17.9% of the total industrial production in Poland, and also in the field of industrial investments, the value of which was equal to 9,500,000,000 PLN, making 18% of all investments in industry in Poland (the first place among all voivodships). Also the value of fixed asset in industry, being equal to 18.0% of the total value of the fixed asset in industry in Poland is the highest in the Silesian Voivodship. The presented factors prove a dominating role of industry in the voivodship economy and the industrial character of its inhabitants.The process of transformation from an industrial to an information society develops gradually. A civilisation is never totally and immediately replaced by another, but it is successively modified and it can exist in that modified form for a long time. According to the above assumption, the goal of the paper is to present selected aspects of development of the information society in the Silesian Voivodship.
Kryzys jako problem filozoficzno-społeczny
Authors: Brzozowski Tomasz Tadeusz 
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the crisis and its effects. The results of the crisis do not always have to be unfavorable. The author of this text puts forward the thesis, that the effects of the crisis can sometimes lead to good results. The point of view depends on interpretation. In philosophical and social sense each slump requires somebody to take an action. Moreover, if the industry is in good condition, such state will not last forever. It is hard to explain why the last economic crisis triggered off such strong emotions. This crisis could be predicted and was, in a sense, expected. In author’s opinion it is worth to look on the positive side of the crisis as well.
Przejawy kryzysu we współczesnym rolnictwie
Authors: Uliszak Radosław 
Published: March 2021

The crisis in agriculture seems to be different than in other economic sectors. This is the result of agriculture’s specificity. There is a very strong relationship between farmers and the results of their work with natural environment. These connections are much more important than in industry or services. Food production is of greatest importance. People have to eat even during very strong economic crisis. Still, there are some types of crises present in contemporary agriculture. Some of them resemble the crises present in the last thousands of years, but some of them are characteristic for current situation. In the article the following types of contemporary agricultural problems were discussed: the crisis caused by natural environment conditions (the case of Russia and India), overproduction (the case of CAP in EU), the economic crisis (the case of West), the crisis caused by political tensions (the case of Laos and Zimbabwe) as well as the situation of Polish agriculture (after Poland’s accession to EU).
Budowa marki regionalnej na wybranych przykładach województw Polski
Authors: Zdon-Korzeniowska Małgorzata 
Published: March 2021

In the era of increasing competition it is extremely important to be distinguishable on the market and to gain the trust of customers. One of the tools to achieve this goal is building the brand. A strong brand determines the existence of an enterprise and distinguishes it on the global market. Most often brand is defined as “name, term, symbol, design or combination thereof, designed to identify the goods or services of sellers or a group of sellers, and to distinguish them from the competition”1. L. de Chernatony extends the concept of brand and defines it as “an identifiable product, service, person or place, augmented in such a way that the buyer or user perceives relevant, unique added values which match their needs most closely”.Globalization and the growing competition between the regions forces territorial units to take action to create their own competitive advantage. One of the tools of competitive struggle and a way for a region to distinguish itself is building a regional brand. A strong brand not only arouses interest and attracts tourists and investors, but is also a very strong support for the development of innovation and competitiveness of local enterprises.
Measuring and ranking the innovative potential of cities
Authors: Jakobson Anatol 
Published: March 2021

The ranking of cities according to their individual intellectual (innovative, organizational, creative, central, etc.) potential is actual and important for geographic studies in the epoch of post--industrialization. The results of such ranking can be applied in various aspects and directions of regional policy.The very idea of such ranking seems to have been first formulated in France in the early 1960s. The research concerned was aimed at solving the problem of hyper-centralization in that country through forming ‘metropoles d’equilibre’ in the periphery, to counterbalance Paris. The task was to find the French cities which were ready to fulfill this role. Later, we have used this idea to rank Siberian cities as to their administrative potential. The important innovation in methodology was introduction of a principally new index, crucial just for Siberia (although maybe less important in Europe). This index is the distance from the nearest comparable or obviously more significant city
Restrukturyzacja przestrzeni przemysłowej wybranych miast woj. kujawsko-pomorskiego w okresie transformacji ustrojowej
Authors: Gierańczyk Wiesława 
Published: March 2021

The period of system transformation in Polish economy had a great influence on the function of settlement systems. At the beginning of 1990s, the rules and mechanisms of cities development were changing, and their functional meaning in local and regional space was connected with introducing new market rules and changing the ownership system.Functional structure analysis in cities proves that industry is giving way. However, industry should not be treated as a decadent branch, and all legislative and investment actions ought to be concentrated on quality restructuring. Industry can compete on the local, national and European market only when it goes through structural transformation, from a simple industry based on raw materials to competitive industries of high technology. In the region, the openness to actions of innovation is manifested in the creation of the Bydgoszcz Industrial-Technical Park in Bydgoszcz and the Centre of Technology Transfer in Toruń.These units are to be the platform of cooperation between science and industry, to introduce the modern know-how to the region, to create new workplaces, and finally to upper the cities and region’s position on the industrial arena.
Venous sinus stenting for intractable pulsatile tinnitus: A review of indications and outcomes
Authors: Fiani Brian , Kondilis Athanasios , Doan Thao , Runnels Juliana , Fiani Nicholas J. , Sarno Erika 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Pulsatile tinnitus presents as a unique variation of tinnitus in which a conscious perception of the heartbeat is localized to the ears in either unilateral or bilateral fashion. The sensation is typically caused by an increase in turbulent blood flow in the affected ear, in most cases, due to a structural abnormality of the venous sinuses – the most common of which being stenosis. Herein, we discuss the etiology of pulsatile tinnitus followed by indications for treatment of various pathologies which have been successfully treated with venous sinus stenting and have led to resolution of auditory symptoms.

Methods:
The authors queried PubMed database using combinations of the keywords “venous sinus stenting,” “endovascular treatment,” and “pulsatile tinnitus” to identify relevant studies published in English after 2001 and before December 1, 2020 and verified selected.

Results:
Our results corroborate those published in prior reviews reporting a high rate of pulsatile tinnitus resolution with venous sinus stenting.

Conclusion:
The success of venous sinus stenting is clinically relevant as an effective treatment option for patients suffering from pulsatile tinnitus. Future applications and studies are needed and are currently being developed to further demonstrate the effectiveness of stents in the treatment of pulsatile tinnitus.
Female insertion in neurosurgery: Evolution of a stigma break
Authors: Junior Luiz Severo Bem , Lemos Nilson Batista , Vianna Júlia de Araújo , Silva Juliana Garcia , Sanchez Luana Moury Fernandes , Silva Ana Cristina Veiga , Azevedo Hildo Rocha Cirne de 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Utilizing the Brazilian Medical Demography analysis and a literature review, we evaluated how women choose to become neurosurgeons in Brazil and around the world, specifically citing the Europe, the USA, India, and Japan.

Methods:
We utilized the Brazilian Medical Demography prepared by the Federal Council of Medicine and the Regional Council of Medicine of the State of São Paulo (2011, 2013, 2015, and 2018). We also included an evaluation of 20 articles from PubMed, the Scientific Electronic Library Online, and National Health Library databases (e.g., using descriptors “Women in neurosurgery” and “Career”).

Results:
In Brazil in 2017, women comprised 45.6% of active doctors, but only 8.6% of all neurosurgeons. Of 20 articles identified in the literature, 50% analyzed the factors that influenced how women choose neurosurgery, 40% dealt with gender differences, while just 10% included an analysis of what it is like to be a female neurosurgeon in different countries/continents.

Conclusion:
The participation of women in neurosurgery has increased in recent years despite the persistence of gender inequality and prejudice. More women need to be enabled to become neurosurgeons as their capabilities, manual dexterity, and judgment should be valued to improve the quality of neurosurgical health-care delivery.
Cerebral fat embolism in the absence of a long bone fracture: A rare case report
Authors: Fowler James B. , Fiani Brian , Sarhadi Kasra , Cortez Vladimir 
Published: March 2021

Background:The classic triad of fat embolism syndrome consists of pulmonary distress, mental status change, and petechial rash. Typically, symptoms manifest 24–48 hours after a long bone fracture, but case reports have demonstrated fat embolism syndrome without long bone fracture. These cases are initiated by a stress response, mobilizing free fatty acids into the circulation.Case Description:Herein, we present the case of a 70-year-old male who presented with the left-sided hemiparesis and was subsequently found to have tandem lesions of the right internal carotid artery (ICA) and right middle cerebral artery (MCA) warranting emergent mechanical thrombectomy (MT). The ensuing pathology report determined the source of ischemic stroke to be caused by fat embolism, a rare and intriguing case of cryptogenic large vessel occlusion (LVO) with unique features distinguishing it from other reports in the literature.Conclusion:According to the biochemical theory, a catecholamine surge can precipitate fat globules forming in the circulatory system, leading to tissue hypoxia, injury, and ischemia. While the majority of cerebral fat emboli cause reversible ischemia of small diameter vessels, our case presents with LVO and tandem lesions in both the ICA and MCA resulting in infarct and residual hemiparesis.
Institution, événement et histoire chez Merleau-Ponty
Authors: Terzi Roberto 
Published: March 2021

Nous examinons ici les différentes implications du concept d’insti­tution de Merleau-Ponty pour une phénoménologie de l’historicité. Après avoir rappelé des débats concernant le « retour de l’événement » dans l’histoire contemporaine, et l’absence de ce thème dans les phénoménologies françaises de l’événement, nous essayons de montrer en un premier moment la possible contribution des analyses de Merleau-Ponty à cette question : son concept d’institution implique, en effet, aussi une réflexion sur l’événement, qui s’articule sur plusieurs plans et peut être utilement rapprochée de la conception de l’événement qui s’est diffusée dans l’historiographie contem­poraine. La portée des réflexions de Merleau-Ponty ne se limite bien sûr pas à une phénoménologie de l’événement historique, mais implique une com­préhension d’ensemble de l’historicité, qui doit être pensée dans la conjonc­tion de l’événement et de la fécondité de la tradition, en deçà des oppositions entre logique et contingence, subjectif et objectif, activité et passivité. Cet approfondissement permettra d’aborder aussi les concepts d’histoire sauvage et histoire verticale, ainsi que l’idée programmatique d’une « métaphysique de l’histoire », dont nous essayons de donner une interprétation à plusieurs niveaux. Précisément ce dernier thème nous conduira enfin à soulever des questions critiques concernant la subordination des thèmes de l’altérité, de la différence, de la nouveauté dans la compréhension merleaupontienne de l’histoire et du rapport entre les cultures.
Qu’est-ce qu’une phénoménologie matérielle ? Henry et Levinas : l’impression et sa modification
Authors: Lorelle Paula 
Published: March 2021

Qu’entendre par phénoménologie « matérielle » ? Cette expression désigne habituellement le projet phénoménologique original exposé par Michel Henry dans l’ouvrage de 1990 et qui entend, contre l’hylétique husserlienne, faire retour au mode de phénoménalité propre à l’impression, en deçà de son appréhension intentionnelle. Mais, comme cette étude espère d’abord le montrer, la radicalité de ce retour tient moins au caractère non intentionnel de l’impression, conçue comme auto-affection, qu’il ne tient à son caractère absolument non modifié. Henry s’appuie ici sur une lecture des Leçons de 1905 de Husserl sur le temps, selon laquelle toute modification de l’impression relèverait déjà, en elle-même, d’une appréhension intentionnelle. Or, comme il s’agira ensuite de le suggérer, la modification de l’impression pourrait n’être pas déjà synonyme de son appréhension. La lecture par Levinas des Leçons de 1905 y décèle une différence originaire et non intentionnelle, immanente à la sphère impressionnelle — la présence d’une altération, d’une altérité ou d’une transcendance, immanente à l’impression. Cette lecture ne rouvre-t-elle pas la « tâche immense » d’une phénoménologie matérielle, en deçà de l’aporie à laquelle semble la conduire le dualisme ontologique de Henry ?
L’aristotélisation gadamérienne de Platon ou l’herméneutique dialogique à la lumière du problème de l’ironie
Authors: St-Hilaire Antoine P. 
Published: March 2021

Cette étude cherche à rendre compte d’un trait particulier et pratiquement inobservé dans la fondation gadamérienne de l’herméneutique philosophique. Si l’on connaît bien le rôle du platonisme — et plus spécifiquement du dialogue platonicien — parmi les sources au sein desquelles Gadamer a puisé pour formuler le caractère dialogique du comprendre, on a rarement noté que la phénoménologie du dialogue sur laquelle s’appuie une telle fondation s’inscrivait en faux par rapport à son modèle sur un point bien précis : l’ironie, qu’elle soit socratique ou platonicienne. Nous proposons ici que pour bien expliquer la relation trouble que la fondation dialogique de l’herméneutique gadamérienne entretient avec l’ironie socratico-platonicienne, il faille concevoir le platonisme de Gadamer à la lumière d’une certaine forme d’aristotélisation, par laquelle la philia et la phronêsis aristotéliciennes sont en quelque sorte projetées sur le modèle platonicien du dialogue.
L’imagination au cœur de l’économie de l’attention : L’optimisme sémantique de Paul Ricœur
Authors: Loute Alain 
Published: March 2021

Cet article se donne pour objet la conception sémantique de l’ima­gination développée par Paul Ricœur. Ce dernier opère une reprise de l’ima­gination productrice kantienne en l’introduisant dans le champ du langage. Après avoir explicité cette conception de l’imagination, l’article cherche à démontrer la portée et l’implication pratiques de l’imagination. « Portée » pratique, car pour Ricœur « pas d’action sans imagination » et l’imagination est ce qui nous introduit à l’éthique. « Implication » pratique, car il aura à de nombreuses reprises dégagé différentes tâches éthiques et politiques dont la finalité est de garder nos traditions vivantes et de garantir l’exercice de l’imagination productrice. La suite du texte entend alors questionner cette conception de l’imagination en se demandant si la position de Ricœur ne peut pas être qualifiée d’« optimisme sémantique », allant jusqu’à poser l’hypo­thèse d’une crise actuelle de l’imagination qu’il semblerait bien en peine d’identifier. Une telle crise peut être identifiée à travers les effets que suscite aujourd’hui la constitution progressive d’une véritable « économie de l’attention ». Pour de nombreux auteurs, ce phénomène de captation et d’éco­nomisation de notre attention aurait pour effet de canaliser et de fragmenter le travail de l’imagination. Le texte se termine en tentant de dégager des pistes pour repenser les liens entre imagination et attention, en se penchant notamment sur des réflexions de jeunesse de Ricœur portant sur le concept d’attention.
Bidirectional Relationship between Stock Market Decline and Liquidity: A Study of Emerged & Emerging Economies
Authors: Maria Shams Khakwani  , Rehana Kouser  
Published: March 2021

Purpose: This study intends to examine the nature & direction of relationship between stock market movements, particularly market decline, and its liquidity in 14 selected emerged and emerging economies (G8+5 and Pakistan) for January 2001 through December 2017 by applying Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds test and Granger-causality test. Trading value and turnover ratio are employed to measure market liquidity.
Methodology: The study is conducted on a sample of 14 economies (G8 + 5 emerging economies, and Pakistan) for January 2001 through December 2017. Daily basis data for all variables is collected from data stream and Economic Indicator website. Market Liquidity is measured by trading value and turnover ratio
Findings: Results of trading value Granger-causality test highlight the evidence of no causality in Germany & India. Bi-directional causality exists in Pakistan only. Uni-directional causality subsists only in Russia at 10% significance level from trading value to market return. However, from market return to trading value, results demonstrate the presence of uni-directional causality at 5% significance level for Brazil, Japan. Canada, China, France, Italy, UK, USA, South Africa and Mexico. Negative returns are used to represent the notion of market decline.
Implications: Study summarizes the stock market movements of emerging and emerged countries which will be helpful for future researchers and policy makers in their projects.
TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR-4 GENE ASPARTATE 299 GLYCINE POLYMORPHISM IN SUDANESE PATIENTS WITH MYCETOMA
Authors: Musa Mazin Babekir , Abdalsamad Ismail , Mhmoud Najwa. A. , Allzain Haghamad , Bakhiet Sahar M 
Published: March 2021

Background: Mycetoma is a neglected tropical disease characterized by deformity and disabilities with various medical, health, and socioeconomic impacts on the affected communities. The etiological factors associated with Mycetoma have not been fully understood, however genetic predisposition and inflammation are considered as Mycetoma risk factors. Toll like receptors (TLRs) are key players in the innate immune response and play a great role in immune-surveillance and inflammation. This study was conducted to investigate the potential role of TLR4 polymorphism (Asp299Gly) as a risk factor for development of Mycetoma.
Objectives: To determine the presence of TLR4 polymorphism (Asp299Gly) in Sudanese Mycetoma patients as well as measuring allele frequency and genotype distribution of this mutation among Mycetoma patients and healthy controls.
Material and Methods: The current study included ninety five (95) subjects, of whom fifty (50) were confirmed Mycetoma patients and forty five (45) were healthy volunteer controls. It was conducted at the Institute of Endemic Diseases and Mycetoma Research Centre; University of Khartoum in the period, from June 2015 to June 2016. DNA was isolated from blood samples of study subjects and TLR-4 gene polymorphism Asp299Gly was determined using PCR-RFLP with Nco1 restriction enzyme. Genotypes distribution and allele frequencies in the two groups were measured.
Results and conclusion: There was insignificant difference in allele distribution of TLR4 (Asp299Gly) A/G (rs 4986790) in Mycetoma patients compared with the healthy controls. TLR4 (Asp299Gly) polymorphism (rs 4986790) was found in twenty(20) out of fifty (50) Sudanese patients with Mycetoma , that is forty percent (40%) and twenty seven (27) out of forty five (45) healthy control, that is sixty percent (60%).
Further studies are needed in a large and ethnically diverse population to determine the impact of the TLR-4 polymorphism in the susceptibility to Mycetoma.