bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity and reliability of the Neurodevelopmental Screening Tool (NDST) in screening for neurodevelopmental disorders in children living in rural Kenyan coast
Authors: Bitta Mary A. , Kipkemoi Patricia , Kariuki Symon M. , Abubakar Amina , Gona Joseph , Philips-Owen Jacqueline , Newton Charles R. 
Published: June 2021

Background:There are no data on the precise burden of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) in Africa, despite high incidence of risk factors. Ten Questions Questionnaire (TQQ) has been used extensively in Africa to screen neurological impairments but not autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD). The Neurodevelopmental Screening Tool (NDST) has reliably assessed NDD in Asia; its validity in Africa is unknown.Methods:Using NDST and TQQ, we screened 11,223 children aged 6-9 years in Kilifi, Kenya. We invited all screen-positives and a proportion of screen-negative children for confirmatory diagnosis of NDD using clinical history, neuropsychological assessments and interviews.Results:In total, 2,245 (20%) children screened positive for NDD. Confirmatory testing was completed for 1,564 (69.7%) screen-positive and 598 (6.7%) screen-negative children. NDST’s sensitivity was 87.8% (95%CI: 88.3-88.5%) for any NDD, 96.5% (95%CI:96.1-96.8%) ASD and 89.2% (95%CI: 88.7-89.8%) for ADHD. Moderate/severe neurological impairments’ sensitivities ranged from 85.7% (95%CI: 85.1-86.3%) for hearing impairments to 100.00% (100.0-100.0%) for motor impairments. NDST had higher sensitivities than TQQ for epilepsy (88.8vs86.7), motor impairments (100.0vs93.7) and cognitive impairment (88.2vs84.3). Sensitivities for visual and hearing impairments were comparable in both tools. NDST specificity was 82.8% (95%CI: 82.1-83.5%) for any NDD, 94.5% (95%CI: 94.0-94.9%) for ASD and 81.7% (95%CI: 81.0-82.4%) for ADHD. The specificities range for neurological impairments was 80.0% (95%CI: 79.3-80.7%) for visual impairments to 93.8% (95%CI: 93.4-94.3%) for epilepsy. Negative predictive values were generally very high (≤100%), but most positive predictive values (PPV) were low (≤17.8%). Domain specific internal consistency ranged from 0.72 (95%CI: 0.70-0.74) for ADHD to 0.89 (95%CI: 0.87-0.90) for epilepsy.Conclusions:NDST possesses high sensitivity and specificity for detecting different domains of NDD in Kilifi. Low PPV suggest that positive diagnoses should be confirmed when samples are drawn from a population with low disease prevalence.
Morning Discharges and Patient Length of Stay in Inpatient General Internal Medicine
Authors: Kirubarajan Abirami , Shin Saeha , Fralick Michael , Kwan Janice , Lapointe‐Shaw Lauren , Liu Jessica , Tang Terence , Weinerman Adina , Razak Fahad , Verma Amol 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUNDMany initiatives seek to increase the number of morning hospital discharges to improve patient flow, but little evidence supports this practice.OBJECTIVETo determine the association between the number of morning discharges and emergency department (ED) length of stay (LOS) and hospital LOS in general internal medicine (GIM).DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSMulticenter retrospective cohort study involving all GIM patients discharged between April 1, 2010, and October 31, 2017, at seven hospitals in Ontario, Canada.MAIN MEASURESThe primary outcomes were ED LOS and hospital LOS, and secondary outcomes were 30‐day readmission and in‐hospital mortality. The number of morning GIM discharges (defined as the number of patients discharged alive between 8:00 am and 12:00 pm) on the day of each hospital admission was the primary exposure. Multivariable regression models were fit to control for patient characteristics and situational factors, including GIM census.RESULTSThe sample included 189,781 patient admissions. In total, 36,043 (19.0%) discharges occurred between 8:00 am and 12:00 pm. The average daily number of morning discharges and total discharges per hospital was 1.7 (SD, 1.4) and 8.4 (SD, 4.6), respectively. The median ED LOS was 14.5 hours (interquartile range [IQR], 10.0‐ 23.1), and the median hospital LOS was 4.6 days (IQR, 2.4‐9.0). After multivariable adjustment, there was not a significant association between morning discharge and hospital LOS (adjusted rate ratio [aRR], 1.000; 95% CI, 0.996‐1.000; P = .997), ED LOS (aRR, 0.999; 95% CI, 0.997‐1.000; P = .307), 30‐day readmission (aRR, 1.010; 95% CI, 0.991‐1.020; P = .471), or in‐hospital mortality (aRR, 0.967; 95% CI, 0.920‐1.020; P = .183). The lack of association between morning discharge and LOS was generally consistent across all seven hospitals. At one hospital, morning discharge was associated with a 1.9% shorter ED LOS after multivariable adjustment (aRR, 0.981; 95% CI, 0.966‐0.996; P = .013).CONCLUSIONSThe number of morning discharges was not significantly associated with shorter ED LOS or hospital LOS in GIM. Our findings suggest that increasing the number of morning discharges alone is unlikely to substantially improve patient throughput in GIM, but further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of specific interventions.
Preterm birth and associated factors among mothers who gave birth in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
Authors: Sema Alekaw , Kassie Nigus , Amsalu Bezabih , Belay Yalelet , Guta Alemu , Sintayehu Yitagesu , Desalew Assefa , Abera Legesse 
Published: June 2021

Background The highest rate of preterm birth in the world is in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. However, there is limited data in this study area. Therefore, this study aims to assess the prevalence and associated factors of preterm birth in Dire Dawa City, Eastern Ethiopia. Method An institutional-based, cross-sectional study was conducted with 420 respondents. Conclusion Preterm birth is still a major public health problem in Dire Dawa City.
Anaphylaxis: how to recognise and manage in primary care
Authors: Kramer Hannah , Batt Rebecca 
Published: June 2021

Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening emergency. Hannah Kramer and Rebecca Batt explain how correct diagnosis, avoidance and patient education are fundamental in reducing risk Anaphylaxis is a serious systemic hypersensitivity reaction that is usually rapid in onset and can cause death. It is an immune-mediated reaction, which typically occurs when a person is exposed to a trigger, for example a food, drug, or insect sting. This article aims to assist with the recognition of symptoms and to guide management of anaphylaxis in primary care. Beyond the acute, the practice nurse can play a key role in helping patients to manage their allergies in the long-term, particularly for those who are most vulnerable. Patients should be supported in understanding how best to avoid their triggers, in managing their emergency medication, and in the importance of good asthma control.
Shape reconstruction based on a multicore optical fiber array with temperature self-compensation
Authors: Zhu Weitao , Sun Guangkai , He Yanlin , Zhuang Wei , Zhou Kangpeng , Zhai Wenjing 
Published: June 2021

Temperature variations affect the accuracy of fiber-optic shape sensors; thus, temperature compensation is particularly important. This study developed a temperature self-compensation algorithm and verified the measuring accuracy of shape sensors after temperature compensation. A multicore fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor array was calibrated to confirm the consistency of sensor characteristics, and the relationship between the curvature and wavelength shift of FBGs was studied. A variable-temperature experiment revealed the temperature sensitivity of the FBG sensors, and these results were used by the temperature self-compensation algorithm. Further, shape reconstruction before and after temperature compensation was studied. The deformed shapes of the multicore FBG sensor array under different bending conditions were reconstructed. The results obtained after temperature compensation show that the average error between the measured and the theoretical coordinate values as less than 0.33 mm, the maximum error as less than 5.61 mm, and the relative error as less than 3.50%. The proposed temperature self-compensation algorithm has excellent prospects for application to flexible structures.
Joint object classification and turbulence strength estimation using
convolutional neural networks
Authors: LeMaster Daniel A. , Leung Steven , Mendoza-Schrock Olga L. 
Published: June 2021

In a recent paper, Kee et al. [Appl. Opt.
59, 9434 (2020)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.405663] use a
multilayer perceptron neural network to classify objects in imagery
after degradation through atmospheric turbulence. They also estimate
turbulence strength when prior knowledge of the object is available.
In this work, we significantly increase the realism of the turbulence
simulation used to train and evaluate the Kee et al. neural network. Second, we develop a new
convolutional neural network for joint character classification and
turbulence strength estimation, thereby eliminating the prior
knowledge constraint. This joint classifier–estimator expands
applicability to a broad range of remote sensing problems, where the
observer cannot access the object of interest directly.
A simple, powerful diode laser system for atomic physics
Authors: Daffurn Andrew , Offer Rachel F. , Arnold Aidan S. 
Published: June 2021

External-cavity diode lasers are ubiquitous in atomic physics and a wide variety of other scientific disciplines, due to their excellent affordability, coherence length, and versatility. However, for higher-power applications, the combination of seed lasers, injection-locking and amplifiers can rapidly become expensive and complex. Here we present a high-power, single-diode laser design with specifications:

>

210

m
W

, 100 ms-linewidth

(
427
±
7
)

k
H
z

,

>

99

%

mode purity, 10 GHz mode-hop-free tuning range, and 12 nm coarse tuning. Simple methods are outlined to determine the spectral purity and linewidth with minimal additional infrastructure. The laser has sufficient power to collect

10

10

87

R
b

atoms in a single-chamber vapor-loaded magneto-optical trap. With appropriate diodes and feedback, the system could be easily adapted to other atomic species and diode laser architectures.
Large dynamic-range fiber Bragg grating sensor system for acoustic emission detection
Authors: Gong Zhe , Che Jiawei , Wei Heming , Krishnaswamy Sridhar 
Published: June 2021

A distributed feedback (DFB) fiber laser and fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are configured to demodulate the wavelength shifts of FBG dynamic strain sensors. The FBG sensors act as sensing units to detect the dynamic strain and the demodulators while the DFB fiber laser only acts as a narrow-linewidth light source. As the reflective spectrum of the FBG sensor changes due to dynamic strains, the output is subsequently converted into a corresponding intensity change and detected directly by a photodetector. The 0.2 nm linewidth FBG sensor can detect the impact signal with a frequency of up to 300 kHz with a maximum of 29.17 µɛ, which is comparable with the detecting result of the piezoelectric transducer sensor. Moreover, the directional response of the FBG sensor is maximized when the direction of acoustic wave propagation is parallel to the optical fiber. The relation between the sensitivity and the FBG spectrum linewidth is presented, and the detectable strain range versus different FBG linewidths is also discussed.
Quantitative 2D thermometry in turbulent sooting non-premixed flames
using filtered Rayleigh scattering
Authors: Pu Jinpeng , Sutton Jeffrey A. 
Published: June 2021

This paper demonstrates the application of a thermometry method in turbulent
sooting non-premixed flames using filtered Rayleigh scattering (FRS).
Fuel tailoring is used to establish a specific

C

2

H

2

-based fuel mixture such that
temperature can be determined accurately by a single FRS measurement
over the entirety of mixture fraction space, or equivalently, for all
relevant thermo-chemical states. Evaluation is performed in a
hierarchy of flows to establish measurement precision and accuracy.
Initial assessments in a series of heated fuel mixtures; non-sooting,
near-adiabatic flat flames; and laminar non-premixed sooting flames
show accuracy of the approach over a full range of expected
temperatures and high single-shot measurement precision (e.g.,

65

<

S
N
R

<

80

) for temperatures between 1900 and
2200 K. Subsequently, 2D temperature measurements are evaluated in a
turbulent non-premixed sooting flame. For the current fuel mixture,
the local mixture-averaged Rayleigh scattering cross section is nearly
constant over all composition space, and thus traditional laser
Rayleigh scattering (LRS) is used as a measurement standard in the
absence of soot. The results show excellent agreement between the
proposed FRS thermometry approach and LRS in non-sooting regions. In
the presence of soot, the proposed FRS-based approach shows no signs
of interference. In addition, 2D temperature imaging shows high SNR
(60–74) over all temperature conditions. Thus, we believe the proposed
methodology successfully provides a high-resolution 2D temperature
method under turbulent sooting flame conditions.
Design of Manifold with Pressure Controller for Automatic Exchange of Oxygen Gas Cylinders in Hospital
Authors: Hendryani Atika , Nurdinawati Vita , Dharma Nashrul 
Published: June 2021

The regulation and supply of oxygen as one of the medical gases in the hospital is important to ensure the availability of these gases for the survival of patients. The regulation of oxygen gas in hospitals usually uses a piping system with manifolds. The manifold will monitor the oxygen gas pressure on each tube. Manifold systems that are widely used in general can only monitor pressure but cannot perform an automatic exchange on gas cylinders if the pressure is under the permissible conditions. The manifold system design developed is equipped with pressure monitoring for automatic exchange of oxygen gas cylinders using pressure sensors and microprocessors. The test results of the system using regulator and barometer comparisons showed the percentage value of sensor pressure accuracy of 96.92 percent and 97.16 percent. At pressure below the limit of 285 KPa manifold can perform the exchange of active gas cylinders automatically. These results show the manifold design built can work quite well.
Ultrasonic-modified montmorillonite uniting ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether to reinforce protein-based composite films
Authors: He Hua , Jia Rui-jing , Dong Kai-qiang , Huang Jia-wen , Qin Zhi-yong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A novel biodegradable protein-based material (UMSPIE) that consists of natural polymer soy protein isolate (SPI), ultrasonic-modified montmorillonite (UMMT), and ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) was produced by solution casting. Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the chemical structure and micro-morphologies of as-synthesized protein-based composite films. The results showed that the interlayer structure of MMT was destroyed by ultrasonic treatment, and the hydrogen bonding between SPI chains and the ultrasound-treated MMT plates was enhanced. The synergistic effect of UMMT and EGDE on SPI molecules made the network structure of the UMSPIE film denser. In addition, the mechanical and barrier properties of the as-synthesized films were explored. Compared with pure soy protein film, the tensile strength of the UMSPIE film has an increase of 266.82% (increasing from 4.4 to 16.14 MPa). From the above, the modified strategy of layered silicates filling combining crosslinking agents is considered as an effective method to improve the functional properties of bio-based polymer composites.
Fuzzy logic based dynamic performance enhancement of five phase induction motor under arbitrary open phase fault for electric vehicle
Authors: Gor Chandani P. , Shah Varsha A. , Rangachar Bharadwaj 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The multiphase induction motor can be a highly preferable choice for the EV application, where the reliability and safety of passengers are one of the major concerns. The main objective of this article is to design high performance fault tolerant control of five phase induction motor (FPIM) drive to enhance the dynamic performance under healthy, faulty and fault tolerant modes of operation under arbitrary open phase fault condition. First, a simple method of modeling open phase fault in any phase of the FPIM drive is proposed. The most frequently occurring open phase faults due to the power electronics switch failure in the inverters are considered for the analysis. A generalized method of modeling arbitrary open phase fault in FPIM drive using back EMF calculations in faulty phase is suggested. The developed method utilizes the same transformation matrix for any open phase fault such that the minimum modification in control strategy is required under fault condition. Thereafter, the control technique is detailed. The rotor field oriented control (RFOC) of FPIM with fuzzy logic speed controller is developed to generate optimal torque reference. The design of FLC is detailed with fine-tuned scaling factor, rule base and membership function to obtain robust performance of the drive under healthy and fault tolerant modes of operation. The complete RFOC scheme for 2 HP FPIM drive is built in MATLAB/SIMULINK incorporating fuzzy logic based controller to verify its performance. The comparison of transient and steady state response and robustness (to the load disturbance as well as fault) obtained using developed fuzzy logic based controller with those using conventional PI controller is presented to prove the efficiency of the suggested controller under various speed torque profiles. The effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy based fault tolerant controller for FPIM drive is validated using OP4510 controller based real time HIL simulator.
Anxiety and depression during pregnancy in the era of COVID-19
Authors: Khamees Rasha E. , Taha Omima T. , Ali Tamer Yehia M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate anxiety and depression in pregnant women during this global disease.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study recruiting 120 pregnant women. The study was conducted at the outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital. We recruited women attending for antenatal care. Anxiety was evaluated using an Arabic validated Kuwait University Anxiety Scale (KUAS). Depression was evaluated using a validated Arabic form of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS).

Results
The study included 48 (40%) nulliparous and 72 (60%) multiparous women. The mean KUAS scores for nulliparous and multiparous women were 45.27±10.78 and 47.28±10.62. Both nulliparous and multiparous women had a fairly high possibility of depression. Fifty-three (44.2%) of them reported scores ≥ of 14. Ninety-three (77.5%) women thought that COVID-19 pandemic would affect their pregnancies. There was a significant association between the number of women reporting fear related to the COVID-19 pandemic and their KUAS and EPDS scores (p-value <0.001 each).

Conclusions
COVID-19 affected the mental health of pregnant women to a great extent. Care should be directed to measures that would decrease the impact of this pandemic on vulnerable populations.
Quantum Ostrowski-type inequalities for twice quantum differentiable functions in quantum calculus
Authors: Ali Muhammad Aamir , Budak Hüseyin , Akkurt Abdullah , Chu Yu-Ming 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we first prove an identity for twice quantum differentiable functions. Then, by utilizing the convexity of

∣

D

q

2

b

f

∣

| {}^{b}D_{q}^{2}\hspace{0.08em}f|

and

∣

D

q

2

a

f

∣

| {}_{a}D_{q}^{2}\hspace{0.08em}f|

, we establish some quantum Ostrowski inequalities for twice quantum differentiable mappings involving

q

a

{q}_{a}

and

q

b

{q}^{b}

-quantum integrals. The results presented here are the generalization of already published ones.
Using Belief Function Theory to Assist Pavement Maintenance and Rehabilitation Activities
Authors: Chen Shong-Loong , Hsu Kuen-Jeng , Chang Jia-Ruey 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Several information technology approaches have been applied to life cycle analyses to improve decision-making performance and prolong infrastructure life spans. Belief function theory (BFT), also known as the Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence, is a method of representing uncertain, incomplete, and imprecise evidence of a system’s knowledge base. BFT has rarely been applied to pavement management until now. For pavement management decision-making, pavement engineers must formulate relationships between various objectives, incorporate subjective judgment, and pool evidence from various sources. These issues are not adequately addressed in the existing analytical tools used in pavement management. This paper conducts a study of pavement maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) activities using BFT. Questionnaires are carried out to establish an evidential tree, which is used to quantify the level of uncertainty associated with M&R activities. With respect to the given evidence in the case study, the belief interval of (0.222, 0.778) with uncertainty for the M&R activities can be obtained by using Dempster’s rule of combination. BFT provides a more rigorous but straightforward approach to assisting pavement engineers with M&R decision-making.
Troping Time: Refrain Interpolation in Sacred Latin Song, ca. 1140–1853
Authors: Caldwell Mary Channen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article explores a practice in evidence across Europe from the twelfth to the nineteenth century involving the singing of a brief refrain within sacred Latin songs and hymns. Tracing the circulation of the two-part refrain “Fulget dies … Fulget dies ista” across multiple centuries, in both song-form tropes of the office versicle Benedicamus Domino and as a trope interpolated into hymns, I chart its unique movement between genres and in and out of written record. Examining the unusual origins, transmission, and function of the refrain, I begin with its emergence in twelfth-century manuscripts and conclude with its unnotated appearance in nineteenth-century printed Catholic songbooks. I argue that the refrain’s long-standing appeal can be located in its function as a poetic and liturgical trope of time itself. While tropes often enhance the “hic et nunc” (here and now) of the liturgy, the “Fulget dies” refrain gained additional temporal significance through its intimate link to songs of the Christmas season. The “shining day” imagery introduced by the refrain offered a tangible way of marking seasonal time in devotional rites, poetically indexing the light-based symbolism of Christmas, the winter solstice, and the New Year. The inherently temporal meaning of the refrain lent it flexibility as a trope, enabling its movement across genres and liturgies. Integrated into sacred Latin songs, the “Fulget dies” refrain functioned as a pithy musical and poetic commentary on liturgical, calendrical, and seasonal temporalities—in other words, as a trope of time in sacred song.