bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Australasian Public Awareness and Belief in Conspiracy Theories: Motivational Correlates
Authors: Marques Mathew D. , Ling Mathew , Williams Matt N. , Kerr John R. , McLennan Jim 
Published: March 2021

Belief in conspiracies is not restricted to the fringe dwellers of society. International research suggests that such beliefs are quite common and that conspiracy theories may serve three basic psychological motives (i.e., epistemic, existential, and relational) for individuals. Yet, little is known about conspiracy theory awareness or belief in Australasia. We report the first large systematic investigation of system‐justifying motives using two nationally representative samples of Australians (n = 1011) and New Zealanders (n = 754). Our findings show that almost all are aware of local and international conspiracies, the majority endorse one or more, and that all three psychological motives consistently relate to conspiracy belief, but not to awareness. In a series of hierarchical multiple regressions, we find that relational (i.e., increased anomie and disillusionment with the government) and existential motives (i.e., less trust in others and increased religiosity) are uniquely and relatively more important than epistemic needs (i.e., decreased analytic thinking) as predictors of increased local and international conspiracy belief. Findings are discussed in terms of the importance of understanding conspiracy theories as an ideological belief system that may function to serve underlying psychological motives.
Early successional riparian vegetation is important for western Yellow‐billed Cuckoo nesting habitat
Authors: Wohner Patti J. , Laymon Stephen A. , Stanek Jenna E. , King Sammy L. , Cooper Robert J. 
Published: March 2021

Western Yellow‐billed Cuckoo (Cuckoo;Coccyzus americanus) populations continue to decline in the western United States despite efforts to increase availability of riparian forest. Cuckoos have unique breeding habitat requirements such as large contiguous tracts of riparian forest (>80 ha), large estimated home ranges (20–90 ha), and dense vertical structure around the nest. However, local habitat‐scale features may be missing in landscapes of predominantly mature riparian forest that may need to be specifically managed for nesting. We used historical nest data (n = 95) from the South Fork Kern River Valley, California, from 1985 to 1996 to identify important nest site features that may be missing in current riparian forests. We found that increased canopy cover and vertical structure at all levels in the canopy greatly increased the probability of Cuckoo nesting. With smaller estimated effect sizes, the probability of Cuckoo nesting increased with increasing willows and forbs and smaller mean tree dbh. Cuckoos selected plots with disproportionately high percent willow cover relative to availability plots regardless of whether sites had low or high percent willow available. Counts of fledged young were positively related to willow percentage. No vegetation variable influenced daily survival rate which was 0.991 (LCI = 0.980, UCI = 0.996). Overall 17‐day nest success was likely high (0.86, LCI = 0.71, UCI = 0.93). In the absence of natural processes that create early successional stage forest, specific management for early successional stage forest is needed to increase the probability of Cuckoo nesting and nest productivity.
Efficiency of naive estimators for accelerated failure time models under length‐biased sampling
Authors: Roy Pourab , Fine Jason P. , Kosorok Michael R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn prevalent cohort studies where subjects are recruited at a cross‐section, the time to an event may be subject to length‐biased sampling, with the observed data being either the forward recurrence time, or the backward recurrence time, or their sum. In the regression setting, assuming a semiparametric accelerated failure time model for the underlying event time, where the intercept parameter is absorbed into the nuisance parameter, it has been shown that the model remains invariant under these observed data setups and can be fitted using standard methodology for accelerated failure time model estimation, ignoring the length bias. However, the efficiency of these estimators is unclear, owing to the fact that the observed covariate distribution, which is also length biased, may contain information about the regression parameter in the accelerated life model. We demonstrate that if the true covariate distribution is completely unspecified, then the naive estimator based on the conditional likelihood given the covariates is fully efficient for the slope.
Identification of socio‐demographic, occupational, and societal factors for guiding suicide prevention: A cohort study of Swiss male workers (2000–2014)
Authors: Guseva Canu Irina , Bovio Nicolas , Wild Pascal , Bopp Matthias ,   for the Swiss National Cohort (SNC)
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionWe modeled suicidal rate among Swiss working‐age males, considering three groups of factors at socio‐demographic, occupational, and societal levels jointly. Our goal was twofold: to verify the effect of occupation after adjustment for non‐occupational factors and to identify protective and risk factors relevant for suicide prevention in working male adults.MethodsThe study population included all men aged [18–65] years at the 2000 population census and followed up within the Swiss National Cohort (SNC). The risk of suicide was modeled using Poisson regression.ResultsThe cohort comprised 1,534,564 men and 4371 deaths by suicide. Suicide rate varied significantly according to age, civil status, nationality, highest education achieved, and socio‐professional category at socio‐demographic level; occupation, occupational activity branch, weekly working hours, and home‐to‐work commute time at occupational level; calendar period of death, region, religious affiliation, and volunteering activity at societal level. After adjustment for non‐occupational factors, agricultural and fishery laborers, military and civil security workers, and health and social workers were identified as high‐risk groups with respect to suicide.ConclusionThis study evidenced a complex web of factors at socio‐demographic, occupational, and societal levels behind the suicide in Swiss male workers and identified the most at‐risk groups, deserving targeted prevention efforts.
Clinical prediction tool for extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing enterobacterales as the etiology of a bloodstream infection in solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Wang Rebecca , Han Jennifer H. , Lautenbach Ebbing , Tamma Pranita D. , Thom Kerri A. , Alby Kevin , Blumberg Emily A. , Bilker Warren B. , Werzen Alissa , Omorogbe Jacqueline , Tolomeo Pam , Anesi Judith A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundMultidrug‐resistant Gram‐negative bacterial infections are increasingly common among solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, leading to challenges in the selection of empiric antimicrobial therapy. We sought to develop a clinical tool to predict which SOT recipients are at high risk for extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase (ESBL)‐producing Enterobacterales (EB) bloodstream infection (BSI).MethodsA multicenter case‐control study was performed. The source population included SOT recipients with an EB BSI between 2005 and 2018. Cases were those with ESBL‐EB BSI; controls were those with non‐ESBL EB BSI. The population was subdivided into derivation and validation cohorts based on study site. The predictive tool was developed in the derivation cohort through iterative multivariable logistic regression analyses that maximized the area under the receiver‐operating curve (AUC). External validity was assessed using the validation cohort.ResultsA total of 897 SOT recipients with an EB BSI were included, of which 539 were assigned to the derivation cohort (135, 25% ESBL‐EB) and 358 to the validation cohort (221, 62% ESBL‐EB). Using multivariable analyses, the most parsimonious model that was predictive of ESBL‐EB BSI consisted of 10 variables, which fell into four clinical categories: prior colonization or infection with EB organisms, recent antimicrobial exposures, severity of preceding illness, and immunosuppressive regimen. This model achieved an AUC of 0.81 in the derivation cohort and 0.68 in the validation cohort.ConclusionsThough further refinements are needed in additional populations, this tool shows promise for guiding empiric therapy for SOT recipients with EB BSI.
Risk factors of BK viral hemorrhagic cystitis in allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Kaphan Eléonore , Germi Raphaele , Bailly Sébastien , Bulabois Claude‐Eric , Carré Martin , Cahn Jean‐Yves , Thiebaut‐Bertrand Anne 
Published: March 2021

AbstractReactivation of BK virus (BKV) can occur during intensive immunosuppression such as in allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (AHSCT) recipients for whom a systematic PCR urine test for BKV will be positive in 50% to 100% of patients. Only 5% to 40% will develop BKV hemorrhagic cystitis (HC). Thus, BKV PCR testing is useful to confirm a diagnosis of BKV‐HC but not to predict its occurrence. The aim of this retrospective study was to ascertain the risk factors of developing BKV HC, mostly in patients receiving posttransplant cyclophosphamide. The study looked at data from Grenoble Alpes University Hospital included in the national retrospective register ProMISe, administered by the “Société Francophone de Greffe de Moelle et de Thérapie Cellulaire”. Urine BKV PCR was performed when patients presented grade ≥ 2 hematuria with clinical symptoms of cystitis. BKV‐HC was defined as an association of clinical symptoms of cystitis, grade ≥ 2 hematuria and BKV viruria > 7 log10 copies/ml. From January 2014 to January 2018, 168 AHSCTs were considered for analysis, of which 43 (25.6%) developed BKV‐HC and 44.9% of the subgroup that received posttransplant cyclophosphamide. After logistic regression, the risk factors associated with BKV‐HC were reduced to posttransplantation exposure to cyclophosphamide (OR 4.25, [1.66; 10.87], P = .02), age < 40 y (OR 3.85 [1.51; 9.80], P = .005) and corticosteroid therapy (OR 3.86, [1.59; 9.36], P = .003). Exposure to cyclophosphamide, younger age (<40) and corticosteroid therapy are potential risk factors for BKV‐HC.
Outcomes and management of immune thrombocytopenia secondary to COVID‐19: Cleveland clinic experience
Authors: Kewan Tariq , Gunaratne Tarini N. , Mushtaq Komal , Alayan Dina , Daw Hamed , Haddad Abdo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired disease characterized by thrombocytopenia secondary to autoantibodies against platelets. Here, we report the clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)‐induced ITP cases.Study Design and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 3255 COVID‐19 patients. COVID‐19‐induced ITP was diagnosed after excluding possible common causes. Bleeding severity was assessed based on the modified World Health Organization (WHO) bleeding severity score.ResultsWe identified 11 (0.34%) patients with COVID‐19‐induced ITP. Of all patients, 63.6% were males and the median age was 63 years. The median time from COVID‐19 diagnosis to the onset of ITP was 10 days. Bleeding observed in 63.6% of the patients. Clinically significant bleeding (WHO Grade 3) occurred in single patient who required blood transfusion. Standard treatment with glucocorticoids and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) was effective in achieving excellent response in most cases. Of all patients, complete response and response to treatment were achieved in 45.5% and 27.3% patients, respectively. The median time to ITP recovery was 4 days. Eltrombopag was used in three patients who relapsed. Four patients required mechanical ventilation, and none of them survived secondary to hypoxic respiratory failure.ConclusionITP secondary to COVID‐19 usually presents after the first week of symptoms beginning. Most of our patients had WHO Grade 1–2 bleeding scores. Standard treatment with glucocorticoids and IVIG is effective in achieving an excellent response. The safety of eltrombopag is not very well established in COVID‐19 patients, and additional studies are needed for a better safety profile.
External imbalances from a GVAR perspective
Authors: Camarero Mariam , Carrion‐i‐Silvestre Josep Lluís , Tamarit Cecilio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe study the drivers governing external disequilibria through a Global VAR (GVAR) analysis applied to a group of 24 countries during the period 1972–2017. The GVAR methodology is particularly well suited for our research question. First, it permits to measure the effects of both domestic and foreign country‐specific shocks. Second, it allows us to analyse the long‐run relationships and dynamics through generalised impulse response functions. Third, it enables us to test many hypotheses from a macroeconomic perspective and the existence of spillovers. Our results show evidence of international financial integration in terms of fulfilling the real interest rate parity. Concerning the twin deficits hypothesis, we find no conclusive results. In addition, we show how German fiscal policy has relevant spillover effects on other European countries (such as France, Spain and the Netherlands) and the United States and India. Finally, global shocks have long‐lasting effects in most countries analysed, primarily through real oil prices. These results provide clues about how to implement a more symmetrical external adjustment, especially inside the euro area.
Early and aggressive surgical debridement and negative pressure wound therapy to treat necrotizing fasciitis in three dogs
Authors: Mastrocco Alicia , Prittie Jennifer 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo report the management and outcomes of dogs with necrotizing fasciitis (NF) treated with early, aggressive surgical debridement and negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT).Study designShort case series.AnimalsThree dogs surgically treated for NF.MethodsClinical signs in the three dogs included an identified wound, severe pain, fever, and progressive erythema. A tentative diagnosis of NF was based on the presence of suppurative inflammation and intracellular bacteria seen in fine needle aspirates and clinical progression in each case. Each dog was treated with surgical debridement within 6 hours of clinical suspicion for NF. Necrosis affected multiple tissue layers was noted surgical exploration. Systemic supportive care and antibiotherapy were also provided for 3 to 4 weeks postoperatively.ResultsThree surgical debridements were required in two dogs, and four surgical debridements were required in one dog. All of the surgical sites were managed with NPWT until final primary closure was possible at 4, 5, and 6 days after initial surgery. Results of histopathology and culture of the surgical sites were consistent with NF as described in each case. All dogs survived to discharge and long‐term follow up.ConclusionManagement with early surgery, multiple debridements, and the use of NPWT led to resolution of NF in three dogs.
Bio-Inspired Origami Metamaterials With Metastable Phases Through Mechanical Phase Transitions
Authors: Liu Ke , Tachi Tomohiro , Paulino Glaucio H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Structural instability, once a catastrophic phenomenon to be avoided in engineering applications, is being harnessed to improve functionality of structures and materials, and has been a catalyst of substantial research in the field. One important application is to create functional metamaterials that deform their internal structure to adjust performance, resembling phase transformations in natural materials. In this paper, we propose a novel origami pattern, named the Shrimp pattern, with application to multi-phase architected metamaterials whose phase transition is achieved mechanically by snap-through. The Shrimp pattern consists of units that can be easily tessellated in two dimensions, either periodically with homogeneous local geometry or non-periodically with heterogeneous local geometries. We can use a few design parameters to program the unit cell to become either monostable or tune the energy barrier between the bistable states. By tessellating these unit cells into an architected metamaterial, we can create complex yet navigable energy landscapes, leading to multiple metastable phases of the material. As each phase has different geometries, the metamaterial can switch between different mechanical properties and shapes. The geometric origin of the multi-stable behavior implies that, conceptually, our designs are scale-independent, making them candidates for a variety of innovative applications, including reprogramable materials, reconfigurable acoustic waveguides, and microelectronic mechanical systems and energy storage systems.
An Efficient Uncertainty Propagation Analysis Method for Problems Involving Non-Parameterized Probability-Boxes
Authors: Li J. W. , Jiang C. , Ni B. Y. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
As a kind of imprecise probabilistic model, probability-box (P-box) model can deal with both aleatory and epistemic uncertainties in parameters effectively. The P-box can generally be categorized into two classes, namely, parameterized P-box and non-parameterized P-box. Currently, the researches involving P-boxes mainly aim at the parameterized P-box, while the works handling the non-parameterized P-box are relatively inadequate. This paper proposes an efficient uncertainty propagation analysis method based on cumulative distribution function discretization (CDFD) for problems with non-parameterized P-boxes, through which the bounds of statistical moments and the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of a response function with non-parameterized P-box variables can be obtained. First, a series of linear programming models are established for acquiring the lower and upper bounds of the first four origin moments of the response function. Second, based on the bounds of the origin moments, the CDF bounds for the response function can be obtained using Johnson distributions fitting and an optimization approach based on percentiles. Finally, the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are verified by investigating two numerical examples.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Investigation on Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of a Bio-Oil Model Compound in a Fluidized Bed Reactor
Authors: Fortunate Ogene , Kishore Nanda 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Bio-oil produced from waste biomass by various thermochemical approaches possess several drawbacks primarily due to the presence of oxygenated compounds. These compounds render bio-oil difficult to be used as normal fuel for combustion. Thus, bio-oil must be processed to remove oxygenated compounds from it. One important process found suitable to deoxygenate bio-oil is the catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) using an appropriate catalyst. In literature, limited studies exist on the application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) on hydrodeoxygenation of bio-oil model compounds. Therefore, authors utilized the computational fluid dynamics framework to delineate effect of process variables on the catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (2-HB) which is a bio-oil model compound in this study. The range of conditions considered herein are weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) = 1 h−1, 3 h−1, and 5 h−1; superficial hydrogen gas velocity, u = 0.075 m/s, 0.15 m/s, and 0.25 m/s; Pd/Al2O3 catalyst load = 0.06 kg and temperature, T = 498 K, 598 K, and 698 K. The present solution approach has also been applied to reproduce literature results on hydrodynamics of multiphase fluidized bed systems for comparison purpose. The hydrodynamics inside the fluidized bed reactor have been compared with and without HDO of 2-HB. The HDO of 2-HB yield phenol as the most dominant constitute of the products. Other products include benzene and benzaldehyde but in less fractions. Disclosing a few important results one can find that at constant low temperature (498 K), by increasing the values of WHSV the phenol fraction decreases, whereas those of benzene and benzaldehyde increases when u = 0.25 m/s. This effect becomes more rigorous at high constant temperature (698 K) especially in the case of phenol and benzene fractions. Moreover, most of the conversion of 2-HB and formation of products (phenol, benzene, and benzaldehyde) occurs within 2 s of fluidization time.
Three stages of arc migration in the Carboniferous-Triassic in northern Qiangtang, central Tibet, China: Ridge subduction and asynchronous slab rollback of the Jinsha Paleotethys
Authors: Liu Yin , Xiao Wenjiao , Windley Brian F. , Zhou Kefa , Li Rongshe , Zhan Mingguo , Sang Miao , Yang He , Jia Xiaoliang , Chen Yichao , Ji Wenhua , Ao Songjian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCarboniferous-Triassic magmatism in northern Qiangtang, central Tibet, China, played a key role in the evolution of the Tibetan Plateau yet remains a subject of intense debate. New geochronological and geochemical data from adakitic, Nb-enriched, and normal arc magmatic rocks, integrated with results from previous studies, enable us to determine the Carboniferous-Triassic (312–205 Ma), arc-related, plutonic-volcanic rocks in northern Qiangtang. Spatial-temporal relationships reveal three periods of younging including southward (312–252 Ma), rapid northward (249–237 Ma), and normal northward (234–205 Ma) migrations that correspond to distinct slab geodynamic processes including continentward slab shallowing, rapid trenchward slab rollback, and normal trenchward rollback of the Jinsha Paleotethys rather than the Longmuco-Shuanghu Paleotethys, respectively. Moreover, varying degrees of coexistence of adakites/High-Mg andesites (HMAs)/Nb-enriched basalt-andesites (NEBs) and intraplate basalts in the above-mentioned stages is consistent with the magmatic effects of slab window triggered by ridge subduction, which probably started since the Late Carboniferous and continued into the Late Triassic. The Carboniferous-Triassic multiple magmatic migrations and ridge-subduction scenarios provide new insight into the geodynamic processes of the Jinsha Paleotethys and the growth mechanism of the Tibetan Plateau.