bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrient trade‐offs mediated by ectomycorrhizal strategies in plants: Evidence from an Abies species in subalpine forests
Authors: Chen Lulu , Jiang Chao , Wang Xiangping , Feng Qiuhong , Liu Xingliang , Tang Zuoxin , Sun Osbert Jianxin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis is an evolutionary biological trait of higher plants for effective nutrient uptakes. However, little is known that how the formation and morphological differentiations of ECM roots mediate the nutrients of below‐ and aboveground plant tissues and the balance among nutrient elements across environmental gradients. Here, we investigated the effects of ECM foraging strategies on root and foliar N and P concentrations and N:P ratio Abies faxoniana under variations of climate and soil conditions.

The ECM symbionts preferentially mediated P uptake under both N and P limitations. The uptake efficiency of N and P was primarily associated with the ECM root traits, for example, ECM root tip density, superficial area of ECM root tips, and the ratio of living to dead root tips, and was affected by the ECM proliferations and morphological differentiations. The tissue N and P concentrations were positively associated with the abundance of the contact exploration type and negatively with that of the short‐distance exploration type.

Our findings indicate that the nutritional status of both below‐ and aboveground plant tissues can be strongly affected by ECM symbiosis in natural environments. Variations in the ECM strategies in response to varying environmental conditions significantly influence plant nutrient uptakes and trade‐offs.
Changes in left ventricular structure and function associated with renal transplantation: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pickup Luke C. , Law Jonathan P. , Radhakrishnan Ashwin , Price Anna M. , Loutradis Charalampos , Smith Toby O. , Edwards Nicola C. , Steeds Richard P. , Townend Jonathan N. , Ferro Charles J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to examine if the cardiac changes associated with uraemic cardiomyopathy are reversed by renal transplantation.Methods and resultsMEDLINE, Embase, OpenGrey, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched from 1950 to March 2020. The primary outcome measure was left ventricular mass index. Secondary outcome measures included left ventricular dimensions and measures of diastolic and systolic function. Studies were included if they used any imaging modality both before and after successful renal transplantation. Data were analysed through meta‐analysis approaches. Weight of evidence was assessed through the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. Twenty‐three studies used echocardiography, and three used cardiac magnetic resonance imaging as their imaging modality. The methodological quality of the evidence was generally poor. Four studies followed up control groups, two using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and two using echocardiography. Meta‐analysis of these studies indicated that there was no difference in left ventricular mass index between groups following transplantation {standardized mean difference −0.07 [95% confidence interval (CI) −0.41 to 0.26]; P = 0.67}. There was also no difference observed in left ventricular ejection fraction [mean difference 0.39% (95% CI −4.09% to 4.87%); P = 0.86] or left ventricular end‐diastolic volume [standardized mean difference −0.24 (95% CI −0.94 to 0.45); P = 0.49]. Inconsistent reporting of changes in diastolic dysfunction did not allow for any meaningful analysis or interpretation.ConclusionsThe evidence does not support the notion that uraemic cardiomyopathy is reversible by renal transplantation. However, the evidence is limited by methodological weaknesses, which should be considered when interpreting these findings.
2’‐Derivatisation of 3’‐C‐Methyl Pyrimidine Nucleosides
Authors: Couturier Sarah , Peyrottes Suzanne , Périgaud Christian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe stereoselective synthesis of some 3’‐deoxy‐3’‐C‐methyl pyrimidine nucleosides is reported. The studied modifications concern the inversion of the configuration in 2’‐position as well as the introduction of fluoro and azido substituents. The corresponding arabinonucleoside and 2’‐substituted ribonucleoside analogs of uracil and cytosine have been obtained and fully characterized. Attempts to introduce fluoro and azido substituents with inversion at C‐2’ are also presented.
Quasi‐phase resolved partial discharge pattern analysis of surface discharges arising on the tar polluted porcelain bushing of an electrostatic precipitator unit under high voltage DC
Authors: Schröder Philipp , Neubauer York , Schoenemann Thomas , Arumugam Saravanakumar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates on understanding the DC electrical discharges arising on the surface of feed‐through type indoor bushing with tar depositions. Such information not only provides diagnostic status but also characterizes the multitude of species forming tar depositions which is currently unavailable in literatures. The current practice on analyzing surface discharges initiated under DC voltage employs primitive methods that accounts for the individual discharge events over a larger span rendering it less sensitive and time consuming. The usual practice is to count the discharge events initiated under DC voltage as PD pulses and count the events, repetition rates, time of occurrence, and so forth, to estimate the severity of the fault condition. On contrary, synchronizing these discharge pulses to the phase of the AC voltage, input to the rectifier unit, manifests a pattern, which is time independent and is sensitive in revealing diagnostic status of the bushing. These objectives are initially verified on a sample extracted from a tar polluted bushing. A half‐wave bridge rectifier that produces an uncontrolled positive and negative DC voltage is selected to initiate surface discharges. Pertinent pulses are then correlated to the phase of the AC voltage input to the rectifier and a quasi‐phase resolved partial discharge pattern (QPRPD) is developed. Using this QPRPD pattern, the significance of positive and negative DC voltages applied on the surface of the polluted sample is studied and the inception of discharges events and their correlation to the defect conditions are evaluated. Following this, the pertinent findings are validated on an actual bushing installed in an electrostatic precipitator unit applied for cleaning producer gas generated in a biomass gasification plant.
A Transcriptomic Signature for Risk‐Stratification and Recurrence Prediction in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Wada Yuma , Shimada Mitsuo , Yamamura Kensuke , Toshima Takeo , Banwait Jasjit K , Morine Yuji , Ikemoto Tetsuya , Saito Yu , Baba Hideo , Mori Masaki , Goel Ajay 
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims
Tumor recurrence is frequent even in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), and improved strategies are needed to identify patients at highest risk for such recurrence. We performed genome‐wide expression profile analyses to discover and validate a gene signature associated with recurrence in patients with ICC.

Approach and Results
For biomarker discovery, we analyzed genome‐wide transcriptomic profiling in ICC tumors from two public data sets: The Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 27) and GSE107943 (n = 28). We identified an eight‐gene panel (BIRC5 [baculoviral IAP repeat containing 5], CDC20 [cell division cycle 20], CDH2 [cadherin 2], CENPW [centromere protein W], JPH1 [junctophilin 1], MAD2L1 [mitotic arrest deficient 2 like 1], NEIL3 [Nei like DNA glycosylase 3], and POC1A [POC1 centriolar protein A]) that robustly identified patients with recurrence in the discovery (AUC = 0.92) and in silico validation cohorts (AUC = 0.91). We next analyzed 241 specimens from patients with ICC (training cohort, n = 64; validation cohort, n = 177), followed by Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, to develop an integrated transcriptomic panel and establish a risk‐stratification model for recurrence in ICC. We subsequently trained this transcriptomic panel in a clinical cohort (AUC = 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.79‐0.95), followed by evaluating its performance in an independent validation cohort (AUC = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.80‐0.90). By combining our transcriptomic panel with various clinicopathologic features, we established a risk‐stratification model that was significantly superior for the identification of recurrence (AUC = 0.89; univariate HR = 6.08, 95% CI = 3.55‐10.41, P < 0.01; and multivariate HR = 3.49, 95% CI = 1.81‐6.71, P < 0.01). The risk‐stratification model identified potential recurrence in 85% of high‐risk patients and nonrecurrence in 76% of low‐risk patients, which is dramatically superior to currently used pathological features.

Conclusions
We report a transcriptomic signature for risk‐stratification and recurrence prediction that is superior to currently used clinicopathological features in patients with ICC.
Relationship between miR‐155 expression and clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma in the dialyzed kidney
Authors: Shiomi Ei , Kato Renpei , Matsuura Tomohiko , Maekawa Shigekatsu , Kato Yoichiro , Kanehira Mitsugu , Takata Ryo , Sugimura Jun , Ishida Kazuyuki , Abe Takaya , Sugai Tamotsu , Obara Wataru 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionClear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma often develops in the context of the dialyzed kidney (end‐stage renal disease). However, the relationship between clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma and microRNA expression in patients with end‐stage renal disease remains unclear.Case presentationA left renal tumor measuring 22 mm was detected and a radical nephrectomy was performed on a 50‐year‐old man who had received hemodialysis for the past 6 years. A pathological diagnosis of pT1aNxMx, clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma was made. We studied the expression of miR‐155 in this case and compared it to the expression in nondialysis kidney tissue. The expression level of miR‐155 was upregulated in tumor tissue compared with expression levels in the renal cortex for the present case. The expression level of miR‐155 in the renal cortex was lower in the present case than in nondialysis kidney tissues.ConclusionWe demonstrated upregulation of miR‐155 in a case of clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma arising from end‐stage renal disease.
Rare case of immunoglobulin G4‐related disease arising in gonadal glands with long‐term remission without steroid treatment: Discussion and literature review
Authors: Isobe Teruki , Naiki Taku , Naiki‐Ito Aya , Kawai Tatsuya , Etani Toshiki , Nagai Takashi , Nozaki Satoshi , Kobayakawa Yuki , Iwatsuki Shoichiro , Matsuyama Nayuka , Kato Hiroyuki , Kawai Noriyasu , Yasui Takahiro 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionImmunoglobulin G4‐related disease embraces a wide range of extra‐pancreatic manifestations. However, localized pathogenesis in gonadal glands, including testes or seminal vesicles, is rare. The clinical course and therapeutic strategy for this disease have not been clearly characterized.Case presentationA 61‐year‐old Asian male had a left orchiectomy and right seminal vesicle biopsy because of a mass in the left testis and right seminal vesicle. Histological findings showed an infiltration of immunoglobulin G4‐positive plasma cells in the respective tissues and met immunoglobulin G4‐related disease diagnostic criteria. No recurrence and exacerbation have been observed after 12 years’ follow‐up without any clinical intervention. To date, immunoglobulin G4‐related disease in gonadal tissue is rare. This is the first case with mass‐forming lesions in both the testis and seminal vesicle.ConclusionBased on the clinical course of our case and the literature, for patients with accurately diagnosed inactive gonadal immunoglobulin G4‐related disease, watchful waiting is a feasible clinical treatment option.
Incidence of Hip and Subtrochanteric/Femoral Shaft Fractures in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis in the Phase 3 Long-Term Odanacatib Fracture Trial
Authors: Papapoulos Socrates , Bone Henry , Cosman Felicia , Dempster David W , McClung Michael R , Nakamura Toshitaka , Restrepo José Fernando Molina , Bouxsein Mary L , Cohn Dosinda , de Papp Anne , Massaad Rachid , Santora Arthur 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
We prospectively assessed, with predefined criteria, the location and rates of all femur fractures (hip, subtrochanteric/femoral shaft [ST/FS], including atypical [AFF] and distal fractures) in women at increased fracture risk during treatment with the cathepsin K inhibitor, odanacatib (ODN), or placebo over 5 years in the Long-Term ODN Fracture Trial (LOFT and LOFT Extension [NCT00529373, EudraCT 2007-002693-66]). ODN was an investigational antiresorptive agent previously in development as an osteoporosis treatment that, unlike bisphosphonates, reduces bone formation only transiently. Women aged ≥65 years with a bone mineral density (BMD) T-score ≤−2.5 at the total hip (TH) or femoral neck (FN) or with a radiographic vertebral fracture and T-scores ≤−1.5 at the TH or FN were randomized (1:1) to receive ODN 50 mg/week or placebo. All patients received vitamin D3 (5600 IU/week) and calcium (total 1200 mg/d); the analysis included 16,071 women. Rates of all adjudicated low-energy femoral fractures were 0.38 versus 0.58/100 patient-years for ODN and placebo, respectively (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.51–0.82; nominal p &lt; .001), and for low-energy hip fractures were 0.29 versus 0.56/100 patient-years, respectively (HR = 0.52; 95% CI 0.40–0.67; p &lt; .001). The cumulative incidence of combined hip and ST/FS or hip fractures alone in the ODN group was consistently lower than in the placebo group (1.93% versus 3.11% for combined fractures and 1.53% versus 3.03% for hip fractures at 5 years, respectively). However, low-energy ST/FS fractures were more frequent in ODN-treated women than in placebo-treated women (24 versus 6, respectively). Among these, 12 fractures were adjudicated as AFF in 10 patients treated with ODN (0.03/100 patient-years) compared with none in the 6 placebo-treated women (estimated difference 0.03; 95% CI 0.02–0.06). These results provide insight into possible pathogeneses of AFF, suggesting that the current criteria for diagnosing these fractures may need to be reconsidered. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR)..
A Novel HR-pQCT Image Registration Approach Reveals Sex-Specific Changes in Cortical Bone Retraction With Aging
Authors: van Rietbergen Bert , Biver Emmanuel , Chevalley Thierry , Ito Keita , Chapurlat Roland , Ferrari Serge 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
During aging, changes in endosteal and periosteal boundaries of cortical bone occur that differ between men and women. We here develop a new procedure that uses high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT (HR-pQCT) imaging and 3D registration to identify such changes within the timescale of longitudinal studies. A first goal was to test the sensitivity of the approach. A second goal was to assess differences in periosteal/endosteal expansion over time between men and women. Rigid 3D registration was used to transform baseline and all follow-up (FU) images to a common reference configuration for which the region consisting of complete slices (largest common height) was determined. Periosteal and endosteal contours were transformed to the reference position to determine the net periosteal and endosteal expansion distances. To test the sensitivity, images from a short-term reproducibility study were used (15 female, aged 21 to 47 years, scanned three times). To test differences between men and women, images from a subset of the Geneva Retirees Cohort were used (248 female, 61 male, average age 65 years, 3.5 and 7 years FU). The sensitivity study indicated a least significant change for detecting periosteal/endosteal expansion of 41/31 microns for the radius and 17/26 microns for the tibia. Results of the cohort study showed significant net endosteal retraction only in females at the radius and tibia after 3.5 years (38.0 and 38.4 microns, respectively) that further increased at 7 years FU (70.4 and 70.8 microns, respectively). No significant net periosteal changes were found for males or females at 7 years. The results demonstrate that it is possible to measure changes in endosteal contours in longitudinal studies within several years. For the investigated cohort, significant endosteal retraction was found in females but not in males. Whether these changes in cortical geometry are related to fracture risk remains to be investigated in larger cohorts © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Bone microarchitecture in patients with autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Schmidt Constantin , Stürznickel Julian , Strahl André , Oheim Ralf , Weiler-Normann Christina , Sebode Marcial , Barvencik Florian , Lohse Ansgar W. , Schinke Thorsten , Amling Michael , Schramm Christoph , Rolvien Tim 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
In patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), osteoporosis represents a common extrahepatic complication, which we recently showed by an assessment of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). However, it is well established that bone quality and fracture risk does not solely depend on aBMD, but also on bone microarchitecture. It is currently not known whether AIH patients exhibit a site-specific or compartment-specific deterioration in the skeletal microarchitecture. In order to assess potential geometric, volumetric, and microarchitectural changes, high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) measurements were performed at the distal radius and distal tibia in female patients with AIH (n = 51) and compared to age-matched female healthy controls (n = 32) as well as to female patients with AIH/primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) overlap syndrome (n = 25) and female patients with PBC alone (PBC, n = 36). DXA at the lumbar spine and hip, clinical characteristics, transient elastography (FibroScan) and laboratory analyses were also included in this analysis. AIH patients showed a predominant reduction of cortical thickness (Ct.Th) in the distal radius and tibia compared to healthy controls (p &lt; .0001 and p = .003, respectively). In contrast, trabecular parameters such as bone volume fraction (BV/TV) did not differ significantly at the distal radius (p = .453) or tibia (p = .508). Linear regression models revealed significant negative associations between age and Ct.Th (95% confidence interval [CI], −14 to −5 μm/year, p &lt; .0001), but not between liver stiffness, cumulative prednisolone dose (even after an adjustment for age), or disease duration with bone microarchitecture. The duration of high-dose prednisolone (≥7.5 mg) was negatively associated with trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) at the distal radius. No differences in bone microarchitecture parameters between AIH, AIH/PBC, and PBC could be detected. In conclusion, AIH patients showed a severe age-dependent deterioration of the cortical bone microarchitecture, which is most likely the major contribution to the observed increased fracture risk in these patients. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Premature Growth Plate Closure Caused by a Hedgehog Cancer Drug Is Preventable by Co-Administration of a Retinoid Antagonist in Mice
Authors: Koyama Eiki , Mundy Christina , Saunders Cheri , Chung Juliet , Catheline Sarah E , Rux Danielle , Iwamoto Masahiro , Pacifici Maurizio 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
The growth plates are key engines of skeletal development and growth and contain a top reserve zone followed by maturation zones of proliferating, prehypertrophic, and hypertrophic/mineralizing chondrocytes. Trauma or drug treatment of certain disorders can derange the growth plates and cause accelerated maturation and premature closure, one example being anti-hedgehog drugs such as LDE225 (Sonidegib) used against pediatric brain malignancies. Here we tested whether such acceleration and closure in LDE225-treated mice could be prevented by co-administration of a selective retinoid antagonist, based on previous studies showing that retinoid antagonists can slow down chondrocyte maturation rates. Treatment of juvenile mice with an experimental dose of LDE225 for 2 days (100 mg/kg by gavage) initially caused a significant shortening of long bone growth plates, with concomitant decreases in chondrocyte proliferation; expression of Indian hedgehog, Sox9, and other key genes; and surprisingly, the number of reserve progenitors. Growth plate involution followed with time, leading to impaired long bone lengthening. Mechanistically, LDE225 treatment markedly decreased the expression of retinoid catabolic enzyme Cyp26b1 within growth plate, whereas it increased and broadened the expression of retinoid synthesizing enzyme Raldh3, thus subverting normal homeostatic retinoid circuitries and in turn accelerating maturation and closure. All such severe skeletal and molecular changes were prevented when LDE-treated mice were co-administered the selective retinoid antagonist CD2665 (1.5 mg/kg/d), a drug targeting retinoid acid receptor γ, which is most abundantly expressed in growth plate. When given alone, CD2665 elicited the expected maturation delay and growth plate expansion. In vitro data showed that LDE225 acted directly to dampen chondrogenic phenotypic expression, a response fully reversed by CD2665 co-treatment. In sum, our proof-of-principle data indicate that drug-induced premature growth plate closures can be prevented or delayed by targeting a separate phenotypic regulatory mechanism in chondrocytes. The translation applicability of the findings remains to be studied. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).