bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lysosome function in glomerular health and disease
Authors: Meyer-Schwesinger Catherine 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe lysosome represents an important regulatory platform within numerous vesicle trafficking pathways including the endocytic, phagocytic, and autophagic pathways. Its ability to fuse with endosomes, phagosomes, and autophagosomes enables the lysosome to break down a wide range of both endogenous and exogenous cargo, including macromolecules, certain pathogens, and old or damaged organelles. Due to its center position in an intricate network of trafficking events, the lysosome has emerged as a central signaling node for sensing and orchestrating the cells metabolism and immune response, for inter-organelle and inter-cellular signaling and in membrane repair. This review highlights the current knowledge of general lysosome function and discusses these findings in their implication for renal glomerular cell types in health and disease including the involvement of glomerular cells in lysosomal storage diseases and the role of lysosomes in nongenetic glomerular injuries.
Soil frost affects stem diameter growth of Norway spruce with delay
Authors: Repo Tapani , Domisch Timo , Kilpeläinen Jouni , Mäkinen Harri 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Key message
A lack of snow cover and increased soil freezing may not only have short-term impacts on trees but longer-lasting lagged effects on radial growth.

Abstract
Soil temperature and soil frost intensity are affected by the depth of insulating snow cover and the timing of snowmelt which are predicted to change by climate warming. This may increase tree growth if there is less soil freezing or decrease growth if there is no insulating snow cover, but frost temperatures still exist. Previously, we showed that the changes in soil frost by snow manipulations in a ~ 50-year-old stand of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] in eastern Finland in two winters (2005/2006 and 2006/2007) led to short-term changes in physiology, morphology, and the growth of the shoots and roots. The treatments were: (1) control with natural insulating snow accumulation and melting; (2) snow removal during winter; and (3) snow removal in winter and insulation at the top of the forest floor in late winter to delay soil thawing. In this study, we examined the lagged effects of those treatments by radial trunk increment cores during the nine-year recovery period after the termination of the treatments. Annual ring width index (AWI) was calculated for each year by normalization of the ring width in the respective year in proportion to the ring width in the last year (2005) before the treatments. No differences in AWI were found between the treatments before or during the snow manipulation period. However, differences started to appear 1 year after the treatments were finished, became significant 4 years later in 2011 and lasted for 3 years. The radial increment was lower in the treatment with snow removed than in the control and in the treatment with insulation to delay soil thawing, but there were no differences between the latter two treatments. The results indicate that a lack of snow cover may not only have short-term impacts but longer-lasting consequences on the radial growth of trees. The positive effects of prolonged growing season by the increasing summer temperatures on forest growth predicted for the boreal region may therefore not be fully realised due to the negative effects of decreased snow cover and increasing soil freezing.
Self-Expanders of the Mean Curvature Flow
Authors: Smoczyk Knut 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe study self-expanding solutions $M^{m}\subset \mathbb {R}^{n}$

M

m

⊂

ℝ

n

of the mean curvature flow. One of our main results is, that complete mean convex self-expanding hypersurfaces are products of self-expanding curves and flat subspaces, if and only if the function |A|2/|H|2 attains a local maximum, where A denotes the second fundamental form and H the mean curvature vector of M. If the principal normal ξ = H/|H| is parallel in the normal bundle, then a similar result holds in higher codimension for the function |Aξ|2/|H|2, where Aξ is the second fundamental form with respect to ξ. As a corollary we obtain that complete mean convex self-expanders attain strictly positive scalar curvature, if they are smoothly asymptotic to cones of non-negative scalar curvature. In particular, in dimension 2 any mean convex self-expander that is asymptotic to a cone must be strictly convex.
Point-of-care lung ultrasound for the assessment of pneumonia: a narrative review in the COVID-19 era
Authors: Kameda Toru , Mizuma Yoshihiro , Taniguchi Hayato , Fujita Masato , Taniguchi Nobuyuki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) era, point-of-care lung ultrasound (LUS) has attracted increased attention. Prospective studies on LUS for the assessment of pneumonia in adult patients were extensively carried out for more than 10 years before this era. None of these prospective studies attempted to differentiate bacterial and viral pneumonia in adult patients using LUS. The majority of studies considered the LUS examination to be positive if sonographic consolidations or multiple B-lines were observed. Significant differences existed in the accuracy of these studies. Some studies revealed that LUS showed superior sensitivity to chest X-ray. These results indicate that point-of-care LUS has the potential to be an initial imaging modality for the diagnosis of pneumonia. The LUS diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care units is more challenging in comparison with the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia in emergency departments due to the limited access to the mechanically ventilated patients and the high prevalence of atelectasis. However, several studies have demonstrated that the combination of LUS findings with other clinical markers improved the diagnostic accuracy. In the COVID-19 era, many case reports and small observational studies on COVID-19 pneumonia have been published in a short period. Multiple B-lines were the most common and consistent finding in COVID-19 pneumonia. Serial LUS showed the deterioration of the disease. The knowledge and ideas on the application of LUS in the management of pneumonia that are expected to accumulate in the COVID-19 era may provide us with clues regarding more appropriate management.
Stochastic proximal gradient methods for nonconvex problems in Hilbert spaces
Authors: Geiersbach Caroline , Scarinci Teresa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFor finite-dimensional problems, stochastic approximation methods have long been used to solve stochastic optimization problems. Their application to infinite-dimensional problems is less understood, particularly for nonconvex objectives. This paper presents convergence results for the stochastic proximal gradient method applied to Hilbert spaces, motivated by optimization problems with partial differential equation (PDE) constraints with random inputs and coefficients. We study stochastic algorithms for nonconvex and nonsmooth problems, where the nonsmooth part is convex and the nonconvex part is the expectation, which is assumed to have a Lipschitz continuous gradient. The optimization variable is an element of a Hilbert space. We show almost sure convergence of strong limit points of the random sequence generated by the algorithm to stationary points. We demonstrate the stochastic proximal gradient algorithm on a tracking-type functional with a$$L^1$$L1-penalty term constrained by a semilinear PDE and box constraints, where input terms and coefficients are subject to uncertainty. We verify conditions for ensuring convergence of the algorithm and show a simulation.
Nitrogen dioxide reductions from satellite and surface observations during COVID-19 mitigation in Rome (Italy)
Authors: Bassani Cristiana , Vichi Francesca , Esposito Giulio , Montagnoli Mauro , Giusto Marco , Ianniello Antonietta 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLockdown restrictions were implemented in Italy from 10 March 2020 to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study aims to evaluate air pollution changes, with focus on nitrogen dioxide (NO2), before and during the lockdown in Rome and in the surroundings. Significant NO2 declines were observed during the COVID-19 pandemic with reductions of − 50%, − 34%, and − 20% at urban traffic, urban background, and rural background stations, respectively. Tropospheric NO2 vertical column density (VCD) from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) was used to evaluate the spatial-temporal variations of the NO2 before and during the lockdown for the entire area where the surface stations are located. The evaluation is concerned with the pixels including one or more air quality stations to explore the capability of the unprecedented high spatial resolution to monitor urban and rural sites from space with relation to the surface measurements. Good agreement between surface concentration and TROPOMI VCD was obtained in Rome (R = 0.64 in 2019, R = 0.77 in 2020) and in rural sites (R = 0.71 in 2019). Inversely, a slight correlation (R = 0.20) was observed in rural areas during the lockdown due to very low levels of NO2. Finally, the TROPOMI VCD showed a sharp decline in NO2, larger in urban (− 43%) than in rural sites (− 17%) as retrieved with the concurrent surface measurements averaging all the traffic and urban background (− 44%) and all the rural background stations (− 20%). These results suggest air pollution improvement in Rome gained from implementing lockdown restrictions.
Are migrants in/from emerging economies more entrepreneurial than natives?
Authors: Guerrero Maribel , Mandakovic Vesna , Apablaza Mauricio , Arriagada Veronica 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe academic debate in migrant entrepreneurship has mainly focused on movements from emerging economies into developed economies. Anecdotal evidence has suggested that the highest impact is generated by migrants in/from emerging economies. To extend this academic discussion in the Latin-American context, this study investigates why migrants are more entrepreneurial than natives. By adopting the human capital and the institutional approach, we theorize that individual and environmental conditions produce selection/discrimination effects in the host labour market. Consequently, these effects influence migrants’ decision to become entrepreneurs. We tested our hypotheses using a sample of 13,368 adults between the ages of 18–64 based across the 16 Chilean regions. Our results showed that being a high-skilled migrant in a dynamic emerging economy is not a guarantee of success in the labour market, but it is a determinant of international and necessity-driven entrepreneurship. Several implications and a provocative discussion emerged from these findings.
Physical Determinism, Zygote-Manipulation and Responsible Agency
Authors: Huoranszki Ferenc 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAgents have no control over the formation of their own zygote. Others may do. According to a well-known argument, the so-called Zygote Argument for incompatibilism, these facts, together with a prima facie plausible further assumption, are sufficient to prove that human agents cannot be responsible for their actions if they live in a deterministic universe. This paper argues that the lack of agents’ control over the constitution of their own zygote can undermine their responsibility only in exceptional conditions and that the occurrence or non-occurrence of those conditions has nothing to do with the truth or falsity of determinism. What undermines agents’ responsibility in the situations described by the Zygote Argument is the occurrence of some specific initial conditions which may render the manipulation of agents’ behaviour possible, and not the truth of determinism.
Positive Psychology for Mental Wellbeing of UK Therapeutic Students: Relationships with Engagement, Motivation, Resilience and Self-Compassion
Authors: Kotera Yasuhiro , Green Pauline , Sheffield David 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the relationships between mental wellbeing and positive psychological constructs in therapeutic students (psychotherapy and occupational therapy students). The number of therapeutic students has increased recently; however, they suffer from poor mental health, which may be improved by potentiating their positive psychological constructs, bypassing mental health shame. Therapeutic students (n = 145) completed measures regarding positive psychological constructs, namely mental wellbeing, engagement, motivation, resilience, and self-compassion. Resilience and self-compassion predicted mental wellbeing, explaining a large effect. Self-compassion partially mediated the relationship between resilience and mental wellbeing. This study highlights the importance of positive psychological constructs, especially resilience and self-compassion, for mental wellbeing of therapeutic students.
Working cancer survivors’ physical and mental characteristics compared to cancer-free workers in Japan: a nationwide general population-based study
Authors: Ota Atsuhiko , Li Yuanying , Yatsuya Hiroshi , Tanno Kozo , Sakata Kiyomi , Yamagishi Kazumasa , Iso Hiroyasu , Yasuda Nobufumi , Saito Isao , Kato Tadahiro , Arima Kazuhiko , Sou Yoko , Shimazu Taichi , Yamaji Taiki , Goto Atsushi , Inoue Manami , Iwasaki Motoki , Sawada Norie , Tsugane Shoichiro ,   for the JPHC-NEXT Study Group
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This study compared working cancer survivors’ self-rated health status (SRHS), physical functional capacity, depressive symptoms, and happiness to those of cancer-free workers.

Methods
A nationwide general population-based cross-sectional study on a sample of Japanese was conducted. Prevalence of deteriorated SRHS, restricted physical functional capacity, depressive symptoms, and perceived happiness were compared between working cancer survivors and cancer-free workers with multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and sociodemographic and health-related backgrounds.

Results
Of the 28,311 male and 26,068 female workers, 977 (3.5%) and 1267 (4.9%) were cancer survivors, respectively. Working cancer survivors reported deteriorated SRHS more frequently than cancer-free workers: 21.3% vs. 13.8%, multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval), 1.64 (1.39–1.95) for men, 23.8% vs. 17.5%, 1.34 (1.16–1.54) for women. Restricted physical functional capacity was reported more frequently in working cancer survivors than cancer-free workers: 6.8% vs. 2.6%, 1.76 (1.34–2.32) for men, 4.9% vs. 2.0%, 2.06 (1.56–2.71) for women. No significant difference was found for depressive symptoms: 21.6% vs. 22.9% in men, 30.0% vs. 28.5% in women. Working cancer survivors felt happiness more frequently than cancer-free survivors in men (77.3% vs. 71.7%, 1.21 (1.01–1.45)) but not in women (76.1% vs. 74.9%).

Conclusions
Working cancer survivors had worse SRHS and more restricted physical functional capacity than cancer-free workers. In men, working cancer survivors felt happiness more frequently than cancer-free workers.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
Continuous support to improve cancer survivors’ SRHS and physical functional capacity would be necessary even while they are working.
The legal framework for delegated and implementing powers ten years after the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty
Authors: Chamon Merijn 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis Article gives an overview of the legal framework governing the exercise of the delegated and implementing powers foreseen in Articles 290 and 291 TFEU in light of the most recent jurisprudence of the EU Courts in this field. It clarifies what essential elements are under Article 290 TFEU, how the Courts test this requirement and how it relates to the requirement under Article 290 TFEU that a delegation must also be specific. The article subsequently discusses and compares the control regimes in place under Articles 290 and 291 TFEU, noting that in post-Lisbon institutional practice they have evolved towards each other. Linked to this is the question how delegated and implementing powers differ. In light of the Court’s jurisprudence the article concludes that it is up to the legislature to make this distinction and that the legislature can also create executive powers outside the framework of Articles 290 and 291 TFEU and grant them to EU agencies. The article concludes by flagging some open questions which the Court has not resolved yet.
A Dynamical Perspective on the Generality Problem
Authors: Stephens Andreas , Tjøstheim Trond A. , Roszko Maximilian K. , Olsson Erik J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe generality problem is commonly considered to be a critical difficulty for reliabilism. In this paper, we present a dynamical perspective on the problem in the spirit of naturalized epistemology. According to this outlook, it is worth investigating how token belief-forming processes instantiate specific types in the biological agent’s cognitive architecture (including other relevant embodied features) and background experience, consisting in the process of attractor-guided neural activation. While our discussion of the generality problem assigns “scientific types” to token processes, it represents a unified account in the sense that it incorporates contextual and common sense features emphasized by other authors.
Quantitative Regularity for p-Minimizing Maps Through a Reifenberg Theorem
Authors: Vedovato Mattia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this article we extend to arbitrary p-energy minimizing maps between Riemannian manifolds a regularity result which is known to hold in the case $$p=2$$

p
=
2

. We first show that the set of singular points of such a map can be quantitatively stratified: we classify singular points based on the number of almost-symmetries of the map around them, as done in Cheeger and Naber (Commun Pure Appl Math 66(6): 965–990, 2013). Then, adapting the work of Naber and Valtorta (Ann Math (2) 185(1): 131–227, 2017), we apply a Reifenberg-type Theorem to each quantitative stratum; through this, we achieve an upper bound on the Minkowski content of the singular set, and we prove it is k-rectifiable for a k which only depends on p and the dimension of the domain.
Hitting the Target but Missing the Point? Modelling Health and Economic Impacts of Different Approaches to Meeting the Global Action Plan for Physical Activity Target
Authors: Mizdrak Anja , Ding Ding , Cleghorn Christine , Blakely Tony , Richards Justin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The World Health Organization launched the Global Action Plan for Physical Activity (GAPPA) in 2018, which set a global target of a 15% relative reduction in the prevalence of physical inactivity by 2030. This target, however, could be acheived in various ways.

Methods
We use an established multi-state life table model to estimate the health and economic gains that would accrue over the lifetime of the 2011 New Zealand population if the GAPPA target was met under two different approaches: (1) an equal shift approach where physical activity increases by the same absolute amount for everyone; (2) a proportional shift approach where physical activity increases proportionally to current activity levels.

Findings
An equal shift approach to meeting the GAPPA target would result in 197,000 health-adjusted life-years (HALYs) gained (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 152,000–246,000) and healthcare system cost savings of US$1.57b (95%UI $1.16b–$2.03b; 0% discount rate). A proportional shift to the GAPPA target would result in 158,000 HALYs (95%UI 127,000–194,000) and US$1.29billion (95%UI $0.99b–$1.64b) savings to the healthcare system.

Interpretation
Achieving the GAPPA target would result in large health gains and savings to the healthcare system. However, not all population approaches to increasing physical activity are equal—some population shifts bring greater health benefits. Our results demonstrate the need to consider the entire population physical activity distribution in addition to evaluating progress towards a target.
FMCGP: frameshift mutation cartesian genetic programming
Authors: Fang Wei , Gu Mindan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCartesian Genetic Programming (CGP) is a variant of Genetic Programming (GP) with the individuals represented by a two-dimensional acyclic directed graph, which can flexibly encode many computing structures. In general, CGP only uses a point mutation operator and the genotype of an individual is of fixed size, which may lead to the lack of population diversity and then cause the premature convergence. To address this problem in CGP, we propose a Frameshift Mutation Cartesian Genetic Programming (FMCGP), which is inspired by the DNA mutation mechanism in biology and the frameshift mutation caused by insertion or deletion of nodes is introduced to CGP. The individual in FMCGP has variable-length genotype and the proposed frameshift mutation operator helps to generate more diverse offspring individuals by changing the compiling framework of genotype. FMCGP is evaluated on the symbolic regression problems and Even-parity problems. Experimental results show that FMCGP does not exhibit the bloat problem and the use of frameshift mutation improves the search performance of the standard CGP.
Fachdidaktiken im Spannungsfeld zwischen kompetenzorientiertem fachlichen Lernen und inklusiver Pädagogik: Vereinigungsbemühungen oder Verdeckungsgeschehen?
Authors: Vogt Michaela , Neuhaus Till 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungIn den vergangenen 20 Jahren sahen sich die Fachdidaktiken zwei zentralen paradigmatischen Wendungen ausgesetzt: der durch PISA (2000) induzierten Kompetenzorientierung und der Umsetzung der Behindertenrechtskonvention der Vereinten Nationen (2006/2009). Auf ihre historischen Wurzeln zurückgeführt verhalten sich diese beiden Ansätze antinomisch zueinander und erzeugen für die Fachdidaktiken ein Spannungsfeld, in dem sich diese positionieren und verorten müssen. Dieser Beitrag argumentiert, dass die bis dato dominante Kompetenzorientierung auf dieses neu entstandene Spannungsfeld mit einem Verdeckungsgeschehen antwortete – einer Denkfigur, die bereits in einigen geistes- und sozialwissenschaftlichen (Teil‑)Disziplinen beobachtet, aber noch nie metatheoretisch systematisiert worden ist. Anhand der Bereiche Teilhabe, Leistung und Perspektive (auf Schüler) konkretisiert der Beitrag diese Überlegungen.
Orientierungen und Praktiken sportunterrichtlicher Differenzkonstruktionen. Perspektiven praxistheoretischer Unterrichtsforschung im formal inklusiven Grundschulsport
Authors: Schiller Daniel , Rode Daniel , Zander Benjamin , Wolff Dennis 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungIm Beitrag werden Differenzkonstruktionen und praktische Ein‑/Ausschlussprozesse im formal inklusiven Grundschulsportunterricht untersucht. Auf Basis videographischer Daten wird in einer wissenssoziologischen, praxistheoretischen Perspektive an einem Fallbeispiel ein kollektiv-geteilter Orientierungsrahmen der Personifikation unterrichtlicher Handlungen aufgezeigt, an dem drei Dimensionen von Differenzkonstruktionen – Reifizierung von ‚Unfähigkeit‘, Komplementarität von Handlungsräumen, Verschränkung von Sach- und Differenzherstellung – sowie Perspektiven für eine praxistheoretische Grundschul(sport)unterrichtsforschung diskutiert werden können.