bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Axial Length on Full-Field and Multifocal Electroretinogram
Authors: Hamzawy Noura S , El-Zarakany Tarek A , El-Shazly Amany A , Mohamed Sameh H 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
The Electroretinogram is a mass potential, which reflects the summed electrical activity of the retina. Full-field ERG measures the electrical signals from the whole retina in response to a light stimulus. The weakness of the full-field ERG is that it cannot provide topographical information regarding the functional integrity of the retina and cannot detect subtle functional defects. The response is dominated by the peripheral retina due to its predominance of retinal cells.

Aim of the Work
to investigate the effect of axial length on fullfield (ffERG)and multifocal ERG (mfERG).

Subjects and Methods
Forty-four eyes of 44 healthy subjects were included in this case series study which has been conducted at Ain shams university hospitals after the approval of the research ethical committee in the faculty of medicine, Ain Shams University between July 2018 and September 2019. Full ophthalmologic examination was performed for all participants, including visual acuity assessment (Best corrected visual acuity) using Snellen chart, calculation of spherical equivalent (SE), slit Lamp biomicroscopy examination with IOP measurement via Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT), and fundus examination by indirect ophthalmoscope or via 90 D VOLK lens to assess macular area. Axial length measurement, ffERG & mf-ERG.

Results;
We found that in the absence of fundus changes, mfERG parameters showed decreased amplitudes with increase in axial length. The Six- Rings Response Densities showed negative correlation with AL while there is no significant correlation between Six- Rings Response Densities and SE. The Six- Rings P1 Amplitude showed negative correlation with AL while there is no significant correlation between P1 Amplitude and SE. The Six- Rings N1 Amplitude showed negative correlation with AL while there is no significant correlation between P1 Amplitude and SE. The four- quadrant Response Densities showed negative correlation with AL while there is no significant correlation between four- quadrant Response Densities and SE. The four- quadrant P1 Amplitude showed negative correlation with AL while there is no significant correlation between P1 Amplitude and SE. The four- quadrant N1 Amplitude showed negative correlation with AL while there is no significant correlation between P1 Amplitude and SE. There is no significant correlation between full-field clinical ERG parameters and both AL and SE.

Conclusion
In the absence of fundus changes, mfERG parameters showed decreased amplitudes with increase in axial length. For correct interpretation of ERG responses in clinical practice, we recommend consideration of axial length measurement when evaluating mfERG responses.
Efficacy of Hounsfield Unit of CT in Prediction of the Chemical Composition of Urinary Stones
Authors: Ahmed Shehata Ahmed Salah Mahmoud , El-Halaby Mohamed Rafik , Saafan Ahmed Mohamed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
to make a reliable correlation between the chemical composition of the urinary calculi and its Hounsfield unit on CT scan, upon which we can depend on it for prediction of the type of the urinary calculi. The prediction of the chemical structure of the stone would help us to reach a more efficient therapeutic and prophylactic plan.

Methods
A retrospective study was performed by interpretation of the preoperative CT scans for patients who were presented by urinary stones.
Identification of the chemical structure of the calculi was implemented using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR spectroscopy). The laboratory report revealed multiple types of stones either of pure or mixed composition. Afterwards, a comparison was done between Hounsfield units of the stones and the chemical structure.

Results
The chemical structure of the urinary stones revealed four pure types of stones (Uric acid, Calcium Oxalate, Struvite and Cystine) and two types of mixed stones (mixed calcium oxalate+ Uric, and mixed calcium oxalate+ calcium phosphate).
Uric acid stone had a mean Hounsfield Unit (HU) density of428 ± 81, which was quite less than the other stones, followed by struvite stones with density ranging about 714 ± 38.
Mixed calcium oxalate stones could be differentiated from other types of stones like uric acid, pure calcium oxalate and struvite stones by the Hounsfield unit of Computed Tomography (the mean Hounsfield Unit was 886 ± 139 and 1427 ± 152 for mixed calcium oxalate + uric stone and mixed calcium oxalate + calcium phosphate stones respectively). Moreover, pure calcium oxalate stones were easily differentiated from all other stones using the mean Hounsfield density as it was 1158 ± 83. It was challenging only when it was compared to cystine stones, as they were quiet similar to HU value (997 ± 14).
The variation of Hounsfield values among the previously mentioned stones, was statistically significant (p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
The study proved that the Hounsfield Unit of CT scanning is a convenient measure to predict the chemical structure of urinary calculi.
Comparative Study between Pneumatic and Holmium Laser Lithotripsy in Treatment of Ureteric Stones
Authors: Esmat Mohamed , Elsaeed Karim Omar , Mohamed Adel Moataz Bellah 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy & safety of holmium laser and pneumatic lithotripsy used in the ureteroscopic treatment of ureteral stones.

Materials and Methods
A prospective randomized clinical study was done using the data of patients to whom ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URL) was applied for ureter stones in our clinic. Then these patients were separated into 2 groups according to the type of lithotriptor used in stone fragmentation as laser lithotripsy (Group 1) and pneumatic lithotripsy (Group 2).

Results
Statistically, the two groups were similar in respect of the number of stones, stone burden and the number of double J stents applied intra-operatively. Mean operating time was calculated as 62.9 (±7.69) minutes in Group 1 and 50.98 (±6.63) minutes in Group 2. The mean operating time was found to be higher in group 1 than group 2 (P = 0.000). On postoperative day 1 after the URL, the SFR of Group 1 79.0% found to be significantly high compared to the SFR of Group 2 (64.0%) (P = 0.019), while at postoperative month 1, the SFR of both groups (Group 1 84%, Group 2 80%) was found to be similar (P = 0.462).

Conclusions
Compared to the pneumatic lithotripter, the Ho: YAG laser seems to have a statistically significant higher SFR in the early postoperative period (1 day), even though there are statistically insignificant success rate (after 1 month) and complications (hematuria, mucosa injury, stone migration, stricture and perforation avulsion).
Evaluation of Holmium Laser versus Cold Knife in Optical Internal Urethrotomy for the Management of Urethral Stricture
Authors: Ali Maged Wael , Gamal Mohamed Ahmed , Tawfeles Samuel Fayek 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background : urethral stricture is one of the most difficult urological problems to cure adequately and is know to mankind since ages as it has been documented in ancient literature of Egyptians and Greeks.
Aim of the work: the aim of our study is to evaluate and compare the outcomes of Ho:YAG laser urethrotomy with the conventional cold knife technique as regards treatment outcome, efficacy and complications
Patients and methods: A total of 20 male patients presented to the urology department at El Maadi military hospital and Ain shams university hospitals diagnosed as urethral stricture requiring optical internal urethrotomy were included in this study. Patients were randomized into two groups : In group A (holmium group): 10 patients underwent internal urethrotomy with Holmium laser. In group B (cold knife group) 10 patients underwent internal urethrotomy with cold knife.
Results: based upon uroflowmetry, assessment of treatment effectiveness and complications were made at 3 months follow-up. Post operative fall in the peak flow rate was noted during the follow up in both groups, but was highter fall in the holmium group than the cold knife group at the end of the third month.
The Role of Bcl-2 in Pediatric Functional Bowel Obstruction Cases with Ganglionated Specimens
Authors: Hegazy Nedal Ahmed , Ghazal Faten Abd El Aziz , Zaki Ahmed Mohy El Din , Hakim Sarah Adel , Arafa Ahmed Bassiouny , Mohamed Lobna Abd El Fattah 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Functional disturbances of the gastrointestinal tract is caused by a number of neurodysplastic conditions including other diseases, rarer than the Hirschsprung’s disease dysganglionosis, such as ganglion cells immaturity including Intestinal Neuronal Dysplasia (IND). Bcl-2 shows positive immunoreactivity in the degenerative and immature ganglion cells .

Aim
This work evaluates the role of immunohistochemical expression of Bcl-2 in pediatric functional bowel obstruction cases with ganglionated specimens.

Material and Methods
Twenty one cases of functional bowel obstruction were enrolled in our study including the Hirschsprung Allied Disorders (HAD) and operated cases of Hirschsprung’s Disease (HD) with adequate ganglionated resection margins and presented by obstructive symptoms following surgery. All cases underwent histologic examination of ganglion cells and nerve bundles as well as evaluation for Bcl-2 immunohistochemical expression.

Results
57.1% of the cases were strongly positive for Bcl-2 protein, 19% were weakly positive and 23.8 % were negative. A highly significant correlation was demonstrated between Bcl-2 expression and ganglion cell number ( P &lt; 0.001 ) where all hyperganglionic specimens showed strong positivity in contrast to the hypoganglionic and adequately ganglionic ones. A positive association was also found between Bcl-2 expression and IND in comparison to other disorders of dysganglionsis (P = 0.04) and recurrent HD cases (P = 0.002). A significant correlation was also detected between ganglion cell number and nerve bundle hypertrophy (P = 0.02).

Conclusion
Bcl-2 immunohistochemistry can be used as a valuable tool in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung’s disease allied disorders through its expression in the immature ganglion cells which are difficult to be identified by conventional H & E staining.
Histopathological study of gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsies in pediatric patients
Authors: Ghazal Faten A , Osman Wesam M , Hakim Sarah A , Tamem Nada N 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Non neoplastic GI lesions in pediatrics are variable and differ in types and prevalence among each pediatric age group. Helicobacter pylori is an important pathogen that can cause gastritis and peptic ulcers in adults as well as in children. Celiac disease is a gluten-dependent autoimmune disorder which affects individuals having genetic susceptibility. Eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases are disorders that primarily affect the gastrointestinal tract with eosinophil-rich inflammation in the absence of known causes for eosinophilia. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder, mainly affecting the gastrointestinal tract with extraintestinal manifestations and associated immune disorders. It seems that it is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases affecting children in the developed countries.

Aim of the work
To study different types of paediatric non neoplastic gastrointestinal lesions from gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsies received at the Pathology Department in Ain Shams University hospital during a period of 2 years (2017-2018), and to correlate them with the clinicopathological presentations and endoscopic findings.

Patients and Methods
A cross sectional study was conducted on all pediatric gastrointestinal biopsies received at Pathology Department in Ain Shams University Hospital during the period of two years (2017- 2018). Only cases with information for all the covariates (n = 580) were selected and the results were statistically analyzed.

Results
Total 580 pediatric cases were enrolled according to inclusion criteria. Nonspecific gastrointestinal inflammation represented (47.1%), Helicobacter pylori associated gastrointestinal inflammation represented (43.5%), Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease represented (3.8%), Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represented (3.7%), Celiac disease represented (1.9%).

Conclusion
This is the first study conducted in Ain Shams University Hospitals to assess the different types of pediatric non neoplastic gastrointestinal lesions received with clinicopathological and endoscopic correlation. The most common pediatric non neoplastic GI lesion is Helicobacter pylori infection. The diagnosis of pediatric non neoplastic GI disorder necessitates interdepartmental teamwork between GI pediatricians and pathologists.
Portal Vein Thrombosis in Neonates with Umbilical Vein Catheterization: Incidence and Risk Factors
Authors: Abd El Gawad Tarek A , El Din Lerine Bahy , El Faramawy Amel A.M , Wafeeq Asmaa , Shaaban Hebatallah A , Amin Abdullah A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background and aim of the work
Umbilical venous catheter(UVC) placement is thought to be a cause of portal vein thrombosis(PVT).Our study aimed to identify the incidence of PVT and potential risk factors predisposing neonates with UVC to develop PVT and the prevalence of hereditary prothrombotic mutations among the affected group.

Methods
A prospective observational study was conducted in the Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Ain Shams university(ASU) Children's Hospital on 100 neonates.They were subjected to abdominal X-ray initially and duplex on their portal veins initially and at 1,6 and 12 months post insertion.We studied the correlation between length of NICU stay, UVC duration, technique, birth weight(BW),gestational age (GA) and the development of PVT.

Results
There was 46 males and 54 females.The mean BW was 1.87±0.72 Kg, the mean GA was
33.71±2.41weeks.Mean stay in NICU was 18.22±9.78 days, with mean UVC insertion duration 6.88 ±2.55 days,75%of inserted UVC were central in position,77% of the studied neonates were premature,1 patient had NEC(Necrotizing EnteroColitis),18% had sepsis,4% had blood products transfusion through the UVC.The one year follow up of the study group showed no incidence of UVC related PVT.

Conclusion
Although PVT is related to UVC in the literature and in our experience in the ASU Children's Hospital Hepatology Clinic as a tertiary referral centre, yet in this study, the sole placement of UVC does not appear to increase risk of PVT if properly inserted and cared.
Occult hemorrhage in Egyptian children with Immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Gawad AzzaA , El Sherif Nayera H , Kenny Mahmoud A , El. Hassan Ahmed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Occult hemorrhage can occur in any internal organ in ITP patients. Four sites of occult hemorrhage deserve special attention including microscopic hematuria, fecal occult blood, retinal hemorrhage, and silent intracranial hemorrhage.

Aim
The aim of this study was to investigate for the frequency of subclinical bleeding in Egyptian children with ITP and its relation to different clinical and laboratory parameters of the disease.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included 40 ITP patients recruited from the Pediatric Hematology& Oncology unit, Children Hospital, Ain Shams University. Occult blood in stools and urine analysis, fundus examination, and non-contrast brain MRI, for brain microbleed, were done.

Results
The total number of patients with occult bleeds was eleven. Two patients had occult blood in stool, five had microscopic hematuria, one had retinal bleeds and three patients had brain microbleeds. Nine patients with occult bleeding were chronic, one persistent and one acute ITP patients. Their mean age was 10.23 ± 4.18 and their mean initial bleeding score was 2.55 ± 0.82.There were no significant differences between patients with occult bleeding and those without as regards the platelet counts & hemoglobin level, as well as the mean platelet counts & mean hemoglobin level over the disease duration.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that subclinical bleeding is a potential risk in children with ITP, more commonly chronic ITP patients. We could not demonstrate a significant relation of occult bleeding to the laboratory findings; nevertheless, the significance of the routine assessment of occult bleeding in ITP and the identification of high-risk patients require additional studies.
Hair Magnesium content and its relation to Serum Magnesium level in children with Idiopathic Epilepsy
Authors: Shatla Hamed Mahmoud , Maksoud Mariam Fathy Abdel , Zaitoun Raghda Mohamed Hesham , Mahmoud Alaa Rabie Abdel Baset 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective
To measure the level of hair Mg, as well as its level in serum, in patients with epilepsy and compare them to the levels found in non-epileptic age and gender matched children, and to explore any potential correlation between either serum or hair level of magnesium and seizure characteristics in children with idiopathic epilepsy.

Methods
An observational cross-sectional study including 50 children with idiopathic epilepsy and 100 non-epileptic age and gender matched control subjects. Cases were subjected to full history taking, examination and measurements of serum and hair levels of magnesium, control subjects only had their serum and hair level of magnesium measured as for the cases.

Results
The mean serum magnesium was 29.11 ± 13.42 ug/ml for cases and 27.67 ± 7.24 ug/ml for controls and the median hair level of magnesium was 42.22 ug/g with IQR of 25.9 - 56.82 for cases and 38.6 ug/g with IQR of 25.21 - 61.25 for controls. No statistically significant difference was observed between both groups as regards either serum or hair magnesium levels. No statistically significant correlation was observed between either hair or serum levels of magnesium and seizure characteristics though the correlations were nearing statistical significance for the hair magnesium content.

Conclusion
Hair magnesium level may be better correlated to seizure characteristics and control than serum levels in patients with epilepsy.
Screening for Depression in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mohamed Elbyoumi Afify Mohamed Abo Elasrar , Adel Thabet Rasha , Hany Elrasas Hanan , Elazab Alaaeldeen Nouby Mohamed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is one of the most frequent chronic metabolic diseases in childhood and adolescence. Depression is common among adolescents and its occurrence is higher in people with diabetes mellitus.

Objectives
The aim of the study is to detect depression disorder among adolescents with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and determine the risk factors and relation to the glycemic control.

Patients and Methods
This cross-sectional study was carried out on 100 adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Patients were recruited from the outpatient diabetes specialized clinic, pediatric hospital at Ain Shams University. Patients were subjected to: (1) an interview Pre structured questionnaire which included the following: Personal history, socio economic level, medical history: Duration of diabetes, frequency of hospital admission, presence of diabetic complication, BMI and HbA1C measurement at time of study. (2) Psychiatric screening for the major depressive disorders by using the Arabic version of PHQ-A "modified PHQ-9 for adolescents". (3) Essential examination & investigations to detect presence of diabetic complications.

Results
The current study reveals that 89% of the patients have depression, while 11% of them don't have. Additionally; there is a statistically significant relationship between the depression score and age, sex, socioeconomic level, HbA1c as well as obesity.

Conclusions
Adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus are at increased risk for depression specially those with poor diabetic control.
Normotensive or Hypertensive: Adolescent Female with Headache; A Case Report
Authors: Kotby Alyaa A , Wahab Asmaa R. Abdel , Nasef Marwa A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) monitoring became a method of choice for the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of arterial hypertension in adult and pediatric patients. BP load is defined as the percentage of valid BP readings above the ambulatory 95th percentile for both SBP and DBP during the entire 24-hour awake and sleep periods. BP loads in excess of 25% are generally considered abnormal, with increased loads associated with LVH). Masked hypertension (MH) is defined as normal OBP(&lt;95th percentile) but elevated ambulatory BP levels (&gt;95th percentile).

Case Presentation
This case report describes a case of an obese adolescent female complaining of chronic headache, referred for evaluation of possible hypertension, after exclusion of other organic causes of her symptom. Her office blood pressure (OBP) was normal so ABP monitoring was suggested for possible masked hypertension.

Results
The BPLab ABP was provided for the patient from 8 AM to 8 AM in the next day. It revealed that The 24 systolic ABP was 119Hg (75th percentile), The 24 diastolic ABP was 64 (50th percentile), daytime systolic ABP was 124 (75th percentile), nighttime systolic ABP was110(75th percentile), daytime diastolic ABP was 67(50th percentile), nighttime diastolic ABP was 58 (75th percentile). BP load was 53%. Nocturnal BP dipping was normal for both systolic and diastolic BP (16% and 19%, respectively).

Conclusion
High blood pressure load detected by ABP monitoring could be a sign of masked hypertension especially if associated with cardiovascular risk factors like obesity.