bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Efficiency Fluorescent Probe for Mercury Ions Based on (N, S)‐Co‐Doped Carbon Dots
Authors: Zhang Wenge , Deng Suqin , Yan Chao , Zhu Zifan , Li Peiying , Li Nian , Chen Yufang , Jin Tao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis work demonstrates the preparation of (N, S)‐co‐doped fluorescent carbon dots (N, S‐CDs) for mercury ions (Hg2+) detection. This new fluorescent probe based on N, S‐CDs using dopamine hydrochloride (DA) and L‐cysteine (L‐Cys) as raw materials was reported for the first time. The resulting N, S‐CDs exhibited excellent specificity and selectivity towards Hg2+ and could distinguish them from 26 anions and cations, including Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cr2O72−. The sensor demonstrated high‐intensity fluorescence quenching at ∼457 nm under the Hg2+ presence and the ability to detect Hg2+ in the 0.05‐0.5 μM range with a 9.37 nM detection limit. The innovations of this work are to offer a method for rapid monitoring of Hg2+ in the environment, besides inventing a new fluorescent probe based on N, S‐CDs.
Recent Advances in Direct C−H Trifluoromethylation of N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Baishya Gakul , Dutta Nibedita B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFluorine chemistry executes a vital role in the agricultural, pharmaceutical, and materials industries. Moreover, introducing fluorine atom and fluorine‐containing groups onto organic compounds can enhance the chemical and physical properties of the parent molecules. Because of this reason, researchers have been putting continuous efforts into developing newer and practical methodologies to incorporate fluorinated groups into organic molecules. Mainly, molecules bearing the trifluoromethyl (−CF3) group show various pharmacological and biological properties. The current review provides comprehensive coverage of the recent development on the direct trifluoromethylation of some essential N‐heterocycles involving CF3radicals.
Comparative Study of Synthesis Parameters of Nanoporous Titania Particles to Improve Structural Properties and Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Hassankhani‐Majd Zahra , Anbia Mansoor 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNanoporous materials have been widely used in many fields. However, their synthesis with uniform particle shapes, pore sizes, pore volumes, and surface areas remains a considerable challenge. Thus, choosing a suitable controllable method for synthesizing nanoporous materials is crucial to obtain appropriate properties. Herein, nanoporous titania particles (NPTPs) were prepared via the hydrothermal method. This study investigated how the synthesis parameters such as the type of chelating agent, the hydrolysis method, and the drying technique affected the properties of NPTPs. The NPTPs were characterized by XRD, FESEM, TEM, and BET. The results demonstrated that when acetylacetone (ACAC, as the chelating agent), the spray‐hydrolysis (SH) method, and the freeze‐drying (FD) technique were used, NPTPs achieved a more uniform particle shape, a smaller particle size, a larger pore size, a larger pore volume, and a higher surface area. Ultimately, the photocatalytic degradation (PCD) of methylene blue (MB) was examined using improved NPTPs.
Synthesis and Study of Photophysical Properties of 6,12‐Dicyano‐9‐oxa[7]helicene
Authors: Bhalodi Esha H. , Shah Vraj R. , Butcher Raymond J. , Bedekar Ashutosh V. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSynthesis of 6,12‐dicyano‐9‐oxa[7]helicene is achieved from 4‐methoxybenzyl cyanide by several steps, including homocoupling of hydroxyl phenanthrene and cyclization of the diol. The oxa[7]helicene was characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis and its photophysical properties were evaluated. Geometry optimization of this helicene was carried out using B3LYP/6‐31G level of theory and its HOMO‐LUMO energy gap was calculated.
The Contribution of the Spatial Restriction for Improvement of Hydrogenation and Water‐tolerant for Cu/SiO2 Catalysts by Varied Pores of Support
Authors: Chen Zheng , Zhang Tao , Zhao Xueying , Zhang Xuelan L. , Wang Dengfeng , Wei Shuwei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe effect of spatial restriction f or Cu/SiO2 catalysts on water‐tolerant performance was studied by ethyl acetate containing water hydrogenation. Copper species distributed on pore or surface of supports on the basis of the different pore diameter to produce spatial restriction, which played a vital role in the improvement of water‐tolerant hydrogenation performance. The experimental and characterization results showed the growth of copper particle resulting from water could be suppressed due to the presence of spatial restriction. And the spatial restriction could also provide more chances for reactants to absorb on active sites, so that the negative effects of priority adsorption of water can be eliminated. These advantages improved the water resistance and hydrogenation performance of Cu/SiO2 catalysts. Nonetheless, the oxidation effect was also enhanced at condition containing water due to the spatial restriction, which might have a negative effect on catalytic performance.
Endowing Polyetheretherketone Implants with Osseointegration Properties: In Situ Construction of Patterned Nanorod Arrays
Authors: Zhang Shengmin , Feng Zhichao , Hu Ying , Zhao Dawang , Guo Xu , Du Fengzhi , Wang Ningning , Sun Chunhui , Liu Chao , Liu Hong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPolyetheretherketone (PEEK) is widely used in orthopedic and craniomaxillofacial surgeries as it exhibits excellent biocompatibility, mechanical property, and chemical stability. However, its clinical application is limited by the biological inertness of PEEK. Numerous efforts have been made to improve the bioactivity of this polymer over the years. However, modification methods that can not only promote osteogenesis but also maintain excellent properties are still limited. Hence, a facile hot die formation technique is developed for establishing patterned nanorod arrays on the PEEK surface in situ. This method can maintain the excellent properties of PEEK and can be used in implantation as it can facilitate osteogenic activity in the absence of any organic/inorganic differentiation‐inducing factors. PEEK with 200‐nm patterned nanorod arrays on the surface exhibits excellent osteogenic properties. This result is obtained by assessing the osteogenic differentiation properties of rat adipose‐derived stem cells at the gene and protein levels in vitro. In vivo experimental results reveal that the surface‐modified cylindrical PEEK 200 implants present with excellent osseointegration properties. Moreover, they can tightly bind with the surrounding bone tissue. A practical method for manufacturing single‐component PEEK implants with excellent osseointegration properties is reported, and the materials can be possibly used as orthopedic implants.
Quinary High‐Entropy‐Alloy@Graphite Nanocapsules with Tunable Interfacial Impedance Matching for Optimizing Microwave Absorption
Authors: Li Yixing , Liao Yijun , Ji Lianze , Hu Chenglong , Zhang Zhenhua , Zhang Zhengyu , Zhao Rongzhi , Rong Huawei , Qin Gaowu , Zhang Xuefeng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDesigning heterogeneous interfaces and components at the nanoscale is proven effective for optimizing electromagnetic wave absorption and shielding properties, which can achieve desirable dielectric polarization and ferromagnetic resonances. However, it remains a challenge for the precise control of components and microstructures via an efficient synthesis approach. Here, the arc‐discharged plasma method is proposed to synthesize core@shell structural high‐entropy‐alloy@graphite nanocapsules (HEA@C‐NPs), in which the HEA nanoparticles are in situ encapsulated within a few layers of graphite through the decomposition of methane. In particular, the HEA cores can be designed via combinations of various transition elements, presenting the optimized interfacial impedance matching. As an example, the FeCoNiTiMn HEA@C‐NPs obtain the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −33.4 dB at 7.0 GHz (3.34 mm) and the efficient absorption bandwidth (≤−10 dB) of 5.45 GHz ranging from 12.55 to 18.00 GHz with an absorber thickness of 1.9 mm. The present approach can be extended to other carbon‐coated complex components systems for various applications.
Epidermis‐Inspired Wearable Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors Using Reduced Graphene Oxide Self‐Wrapped Copper Nanowire Networks
Authors: Zhu Yangzhi , Hartel Martin C. , Yu Ning , Garrido Pamela Rosario , Kim Sanggon , Lee Junmin , Bandaru Praveen , Guan Shenghan , Lin Haisong , Emaminejad Sam , de Barros Natan Roberto , Ahadian Samad , Kim Han‐Jun , Sun Wujin , Jucaud Vadim , Dokmeci Mehmet R. , Weiss Paul S. , Yan Ruoxue , Khademhosseini Ali 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWearable piezoresistive sensors are being developed as electronic skins (E‐skin) for broad applications in human physiological monitoring and soft robotics. Tactile sensors with sufficient sensitivities, durability, and large dynamic ranges are required to replicate this critical component of the somatosensory system. Multiple micro/nanostructures, materials, and sensing modalities have been reported to address this need. However, a trade‐off arises between device performance and device complexity. Inspired by the microstructure of the spinosum at the dermo epidermal junction in skin, a low‐cost, scalable, and high‐performance piezoresistive sensor is developed with high sensitivity (0.144 kPa‐1), extensive sensing range ( 0.1–15 kPa), fast response time (less than 150 ms), and excellent long‐term stability (over 1000 cycles). Furthermore, the piezoresistive functionality of the device is realized via a flexible transparent electrode (FTE) using a highly stable reduced graphene oxide self‐wrapped copper nanowire network. The developed nanowire‐based spinosum microstructured FTEs are amenable to wearable electronics applications.
Non-additionality, Overestimation of Supply, and Double Counting in Offset Programs: Insight for the Mexican Carbon Market
Authors: López-Vallejo Marcela 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMexico utilizes an emissions trading system as one of its carbon pricing instruments. Mexico’s planning, like that of other countries, includes flexible mechanisms such as offsets. Offsets allow market participants to compensate for their emissions through mitigation projects. Offsetting via participation in the Clean Development Mechanism and Joint Implementation was fundamental to the Kyoto Protocol. In contrast, the Paris Agreement is ambiguous about its use. Other national or regional offset programs, such as the EU, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, or Korea, work within emission trading systems. Subnationally, the California-Quebec program has been in effect since 2014. As Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) are global, offsetting allows market participants to compensate for their emissions through mitigation projects, whether domestically or abroad. Given their global scope, such programs present a wide variability in quality. This chapter presents an overview of offset programs worldwide and argues that non-additionality, overestimated supply, and double counting are their three most pressing quality problems. This analysis sheds light upon the nascent Mexican system and its offset program.
Unfolding conformal geometry
Authors: Joung Euihun , Kim Min-gi , Kim Yujin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Conformal geometry is studied using the unfolded formulation à la Vasiliev. Analyzing the first-order consistency of the unfolded equations, we identify the content of zero-forms as the spin-two off-shell Fradkin-Tseytlin module of $$ \mathfrak{so}\left(2,d\right) $$
so

2
d

. We sketch the nonlinear structure of the equations and explain how Weyl invariant densities, which Type-B Weyl anomaly consist of, could be systematically computed within the unfolded formulation. The unfolded equation for conformal geometry is also shown to be reduced to various on-shell gravitational systems by requiring additional algebraic constraints.
Efficacy and safety of the second in-hospital dose of tranexamic acid after receiving the prehospital dose: double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial in a level 1 trauma center
Authors: El-Menyar Ayman , Ahmed Khalid , Hakim Suhail , Kanbar Ahad , Mathradikkal Saji , Siddiqui Tariq , Jogol Hisham , Younis Basil , Taha Ibrahim , Mahmood Ismail , Ajaj Ahmed , Atique Sajid , Alaieb Abubaker , Bahey Ahmed Abdel-Aziz , Asim Mohammad , Alinier Guillaume , Castle Nicholas R. , Mekkodathil Ahammed , Rizoli Sandro , Al-Thani Hassan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Prehospital administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) to injured patients is increasing worldwide. However, optimal TXA dose and need of a second infusion on hospital arrival remain undetermined. We investigated the efficacy and safety of the second in-hospital dose of TXA in injured patients receiving 1 g of TXA in the prehospital setting. We hypothesized that a second in-hospital dose of TXA improves survival of trauma patients.

Methods
A prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized, clinical trial included adult trauma patients receiving 1 g of TXA in the prehospital settings. Patients were then blindly randomized to Group I (second 1-g TXA) and Group II (placebo) on hospital arrival. The primary outcome was 24-h (early) and 28-day (late) mortality. Secondary outcomes were thromboembolic events, blood transfusions, hospital length of stay (HLOS) and organs failure (MOF).

Results
A total of 220 patients were enrolled, 110 in each group. The TXA and placebo groups had a similar early [OR 1.000 (0.062–16.192); p = 0.47] and late mortality [OR 0.476 (95% CI 0.157–1.442), p = 0.18].The cause of death (n = 15) was traumatic brain injury (TBI) in 12 patients and MOF in 3 patients. The need for blood transfusions in the first 24 h, number of transfused blood units, HLOS, thromboembolic events and multiorgan failure were comparable in the TXA and placebo groups. In seriously injured patients (injury severity score > 24), the MTP activation was higher in the placebo group (31.3% vs 11.10%, p = 0.13), whereas pulmonary embolism (6.9% vs 2.9%, p = 0.44) and late mortality (27.6% vs 14.3%, p = 0.17) were higher in the TXA group but did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusion
The second TXA dose did not change the mortality rate, need for blood transfusion, thromboembolic complications, organ failure and HLOS compared to a single prehospital dose and thus its routine administration should be revisited in larger and multicenter studies.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03846973.
Statistical model checking for variability-intensive systems: applications to bug detection and minimization
Authors: Cordy Maxime , Lazreg Sami , Papadakis Mike , Legay Axel 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We propose a new Statistical Model Checking (SMC) method to
identify bugs in variability-intensive systems (VIS). The
state-space of such systems is exponential in the number of
variants, which makes the verification problem harder than for
classical systems. To reduce verification time, we propose to
combine SMC with featured transition systems (FTS)—a
model that represents jointly the state spaces of all variants. Our
new methods allow the sampling of executions from one or more
(potentially all) variants. We investigate their utility in two
complementary use cases. The first case considers the problem of
finding all variants that violate a given property expressed in
Linear-Time Logic (LTL) within a given simulation budget. To achieve
this, we perform random walks in the featured transition system
seeking accepting lassos. We show that our method allows us to find
bugs much faster (up to 16 times according to our experiments) than
exhaustive methods. As any simulation-based approach, however, the
risk of Type-1 error exists. We provide a lower bound and an upper
bound for the number of simulations to perform to achieve the
desired level of confidence. Our empirical study involving 59
properties over three case studies reveals that our method manages
to discover all variants violating 41 of the properties.
This indicates that SMC can act as a coarse-grained
analysis method to quickly identify the set of buggy variants.
The second case complements the first one. In case the
coarse-grained analysis reveals that no variant can guarantee to
satisfy an intended property in all their executions, one should
identify the variant that minimizes the probability of violating
this property. Thus, we propose a fine-grained SMC method that
quickly identifies promising variants and accurately estimates their
violation probability. We evaluate different selection strategies
and reveal that a genetic algorithm combined with elitist selection
yields the best results.
Influence of the manufacturing parameters of an AlMg5 wire–based hybrid production process on quality and mechanical properties
Authors: Möhring Hans-Christian , Becker Dina , Eisseler Rocco , Stehle Thomas , Reeber Tim 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHybrid manufacturing processes are known for combining the advantages of additive manufacturing and more traditional manufacturing processes such as machining to create components of complex geometry while minimising material waste. The trend towards lightweight design, especially in view of e-mobility, gives aluminium materials an important role to play. This study examines the use of aluminium alloys in laser metal wire deposition (LMWD) processes with subsequent subtractive machining, which is considerably more difficult due to the different process-related influences. The investigations are focussed on the influence of the differently controlled laser power on the shape accuracy, the microstructure, and the hardness of the AlMg5 test components after the LMWD process with subsequent subtractive machining by turning. The long-term goal of the investigations is to increase the stability of the hybrid production process of AlMg5 components with defined dimensional accuracy and mechanical properties.
Outcomes and costs of ureteroscopy, extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy for the treatment of urolithiasis: an analysis based on health insurance claims data in Germany
Authors: Schulz Claudia , Becker Benedikt , Netsch Christopher , Herrmann Thomas R. W. , Gross Andreas J. , Westphal Jens , Knoll Thomas , König Hans-Helmut 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeComparisons of ureteroscopy (URS), extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL), and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for urolithiasis considering long-term health and economic outcomes based on claims data are rare. Our aim was to analyze URS, SWL, and PCNL regarding complications within 30 days, re-intervention, healthcare costs, and sick leave days within 12 months, and to investigate inpatient and outpatient SWL treatment as the latter was introduced in Germany in 2011.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study based on German health insurance claims data included 164,203 urolithiasis cases in 2008–2016. We investigated the number of complications within 30 days, as well as time to re-intervention, number of sick leave days and hospital and ambulatory health care costs within a 12-month follow-up period. We applied negative binomial, Cox proportional hazard, gamma and two-part models and adjusted for patient variables.ResultsCompared to URS cases, SWL and PCNL had fewer 30-day complications, time to re-intervention within 12 months was decreased for SWL and PCNL, SWL and PCNL were correlated with a higher number of sick leave days, and SWL and particularly PCNL were associated with higher costs. SWL outpatients had fewer complications, re-interventions and lower costs than inpatients. This study was limited by the available information in claims data.ConclusionURS cases showed benefits in terms of fewer re-interventions, fewer sick leave days, and lower healthcare costs. Only regarding complications, SWL was superior. This emphasizes URS as the most frequent treatment choice. Furthermore, SWL outpatients showed less costs, fewer complications, and re-interventions than inpatients.
Cough and cold medicine prescription rates can be significantly reduced by active intervention
Authors: Csonka Péter , Heikkilä Paula , Koskela Sonja , Palmu Sauli , Lajunen Noora , Riihijärvi Sari , Huhtala Heini , Korppi Matti 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOur aim was to construct and test an intervention programme to eradicate cough and cold medicine (CCM) prescriptions for children treated in a nationwide healthcare service company. The study was carried out in the largest private healthcare service company in Finland with a centralised electronic health record system allowing for real-time, doctor-specific practice monitoring. The step-by-step intervention consisted of company-level dissemination of educational materials to doctors and families, educational staff meetings, continuous monitoring of prescriptions, and targeted feedback. Outreach visits were held in noncompliant units. Finally, those physicians who most often prescribed CCM were directly contacted. During the intervention period (2017–2020), there were more than one million paediatric visits. Prescriptions of CCMs to children were completely eradicated in 41% of units and the total number of CCM prescriptions decreased from 6738 to 744 (89%). During the fourth intervention year, CCMs containing opioid derivatives were prescribed for only 0.2% of children aged < 2 years. The decrease in prescriptions was greatest in general practitioners (5.2 to 1.1%). In paediatricians, the prescription rates decreased from 1.5 to 0.2%. The annual costs of CCMs decreased from €183,996 to €18,899 (89.7%). For the intervention, the developers used 343 h and the attended doctors used 684 h of work time during the 4-year intervention. The costs used for developing, implementing, reporting, evaluating, communicating, and data managing formed approximately 11% of total intervention costs.Conclusion: The study showed that a nationwide systematic intervention to change cough medicine prescription practices is feasible and requires only modest financial investments.

What is Known:• Cough and cold medicines (CCM) are not effective or safe, especially for children aged 6 years.• Although the use of CCMs has been declining, caregivers continue to administer CCMs to children, and some physicians still prescribe them even for preschool children.

What is New:• A nationwide systematic intervention can significantly and cost effectively change CCM prescription habits of paediatricians, general practitioners, and other specialists.• Electronic health records provide additional tools for operative guideline implementation and real-time quality monitoring, including recommendations of useless or harmful treatments.