bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food store disturbance as a seismic intensity indicator
Authors: Nason Robert 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The disturbance of shelf items in food stores can be an useful system for the reliable determination of seismic intensity. The reliability of the food store intensity ratings results from the similarity of food stores at many different places. Also, the amount of disturbance in a food store is easily determined. Observations indicate that the food store disturbances are comparable to the Modified Mercalli intensity scale from less than intensity V to greater than intensity VII. The food store seismic intensity correlates well with the measurements of peak acceleration on nearby strong-motion instruments. With few exceptions, food store intensity V correlates with peak acceleration values of 0.01 to 0.04 g, intensity VI with 0.06 to 0.15 g, and intensity VII with 0.21 to 0.43 g. The disturbance of furniture and the involuntary fall of people are indicators that may be useful at higher levels of seismic intensity.
An optimum data editing technique for the reduction of noise in multi-channel geophysical data
Authors: Tyraskis P. A. , Jensen O. G. , Smylie D. E. , Linton J. A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe develop a data editing method, for the optimum interpolation of multichannel time series containing time-coincident data gaps, in one, several, or all channels based upon the autoregressive data model. The method is applied to a set of very long-period seismic data recorded during the 19 August 1977 Indonesian earthquake, which shows several unassociated bursts of noise. Spectral analysis following editing and interpolation of the record indicates existence of systematic signals with periods higher than 1 hr and perhaps as long as 2 hr. The individual spectral peaks in this subseismic band have not been identified.
Time delays in geophysical consolidation problems
Authors: Nyland Edo , Uribe-Carvajal Antonio 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The tectonic response of the lithosphere to loads applied over a period of years is one of the few relatively direct ways of measuring lithospheric mechanical properties. We discuss here a method for estimating gross permeability of shallow lithosphere if such a lithosphere can be modeled as a Biot solid.
Induced seismicity at artificial lakes sometimes lags the history of lake filling. Clearly this indicates the anomalous load takes some finite time to create a stress increment over the tectonic regime associated with the lake. Such delays may result from diffusion into inhomogeneous regimes, but intuitively it seems that the Biot consolidation theory ought to contain the physics required to produce delayed response in the simplest model, an isotropic half-space with arbitrary vertical layering. The response of such a half-space can be calculated most quickly from matrix solutions of first-order differential equations.
We explore here a consistent formulation for the physics of the problem and examine the relation between the rate of diffusion of changes on the boundary, the geometry of the boundary change, and the physical properties of the material. The resulting formulas can be used to estimate probable delays in response of the physical system. Unfortunately, the values of physical properties required to make such estimates are hard to obtain.
High-frequency seismic noise at Lajitas, Texas
Authors: M. C. Li Todd , Ferguson John F. , Herrin Eugene , Durham Howard B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA preliminary analysis of high-frequency (1 to 20 Hz) ambient seismic noise at a very quiet site in southwest Texas is presented. At frequencies greater than 1 Hz, the displacement noise power decreases at a rate between f−4 and f−5. The ambient seismic noise is also characterized by persistent narrow-band peaks (Δf &lt; 0.2 Hz) of unknown origin. The noise appears to be propagating at phase velocities 2.5 to 4 km/sec or greater which suggests higher mode surface or body waves. Estimates of coherence and degree of polarization of three-component array data indicate that the high-frequency ambient noise is relatively well organized over distances of at least 600 to 700 m for a single component but is relatively unorganized in a three-component sense. A principal result of this preliminary analysis is that the use of three-component, high-frequency (1 to 20 Hz) arrays at very quiet sites, coupled with three-component processors, may result in substantial improvement of the thresholds for detection and discrimination of weak seismic events.
Application of three-dimensional kinematic imaging to analysis of seismic reflection data from the Nevada Test Site
Authors: Wen Jing , McMechan George A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Three-dimensional kinematic migration produces a “best-fit” migrated surface, in three-dimensions, of any chosen reflector. The data are the travel times of all observed reflections and diffractions produced by the reflector. Source/receiver configurations are arbitrary, but should be arranged to provide good spatial sampling of the reflector. Each observation contributes an ellipsoid containing all possible reflection points. From this family of ellipsoids, the optimal reflector surface (the envelope of the family) is estimated by use of a statistical imaging condition. The “best-fit” position and shape of the reflector surface is obtained by defining a regular (x, y) grid over the region of interest and estimating the reflector depth beneath each grid point from the distribution of ellipsoids that are present there. The imaging criterion is implemented at each grid point by convolution of a Gaussian with the vector of ellipsoid depths. The width of the Gaussian is chosen to correspond to the scale of the features one wishes to resolve in the image. For each grid point, the migrated image is located at the depth at which the convolution is a maximum.
The algorithm is applied to both synthetic and real data. The synthetic data are constructed by ray tracing in a known structure. The real data are from a seismic survey at the Nevada Test Site; here, a reflector is imaged and interpreted as the surface of a high velocity Paleozoic dolomite that is overlain by low-velocity tuffs.
Biodiesel Synthesis through the Non-Alcohol Route using the Immobilized Lipase Enzyme from Bacillus subtilis as Biocatalyst
Authors: Alatas Afrah , Putri Dwini Normayulisa , Perdani Meka Saima , Utami Tania Surya , Hermansyah Heri 
Published: July 2021

Biodiesel is one alternative energy that might be promising to substitute the petroleum-based fuel due to its biodegradability and less toxic level. Biodiesel can be synthesized through the non-alcohol route by substituting the alcohol with methyl acetate using lipase enzyme as the Biocatalyst, which may give less by-product during the reaction. In this research, lipase from Bacillus subtilis has been produced and prepared in a crude, dry and immobilized form. It is used as the Biocatalyst for biodiesel synthesis. Several variables were investigated for obtaining the optimum condition in producing biodiesel, including the form of lipase enzyme, the variation of molar ratio between oil and methyl acetate, and the enzyme concentration. The immobilized Bacillus subtilis lipase enzyme loading was also calculated to know how many percent of the lipase is successfully immobilized. The biodiesel produced using lipase from Bacillus subtilis will then be compared with the biodiesel produced using Candida rugosa commercial lipase. Based on the experimental, the immobilized lipase with 1:12 of oil to methyl acetate and enzyme concentration of 2% gives the highest biodiesel yield among the others, as much as 53.99%. This yield was higher than the biodiesel produced using Candida rugosa lipase. In conclusion, the immobilized lipase from Bacillus subtilis is one of the promising Biocatalyst for biodiesel production.
Effect of Small-Scale Box-Fermentation on Catechin and Epicatechin Content of Lampung Cocoa Beans Varieties
Authors: Fahrurrozi - , Juanssilfero Ario Betha , Perwitasari Urip , Stepanie - , Purwanto Aryo Putra , Nugroho Imam Bagus , Ratnakomala Shanti , Dewi Rizna Triana , Ajijah Nur , Lisdiyanti Puspita 
Published: July 2021

Cocoa is one of the food commodities that is favoured by its high in polyphenols. The polyphenol and flavonoid in cocoa beans can prevent arteriosclerosis, diabetes and their related risk factors. This research aimed to analyze the total polyphenolic contents (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC) of three cocoa bean varieties, namely LAM, TSH, and SUL1 collected from Lampung, Indonesia. The study also aimed to understand the effect of adding starter culture on TPC and TFC contents during cocoa beans fermentation. The TPC and TFC were extracted using ethanol from ground-dried beans and measured three times using a spectrophotometric method based on the Folin-Ciocalteu method at 760 nm and aluminium reagents at 510 nm. LAM variety contained the highest TPC and TFC among other samples at 62.8 mg GAE/g and 21.9 mg QE/g, respectively. The TPC and TFC decreased during both fermentation treatments with starter culture and non-starter culture. The TPC of cocoa bean with starter culture and with non-starter culture decreased to 58% and 59% after fermentation, respectively. The TFC of cocoa bean with starter culture and with non-starter culture decreased after five days of fermentation, up to 58% and 75%, respectively. Interestingly, the TPC and TFC in fermented cocoa beans with starter culture were higher than those with non-starter culture. Therefore, it is concluded that three days of fermentation with starter culture can produce fermented cocoa beans with the preferred flavour/quality and maintain the TPC and TFC. However, the polyphenols and flavonoids content were reduced during the fermentation process.
Espaços livres e águas residuais
Authors: Amorim Nayara Cristina Rosa 
Published: July 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar como o manual LEIS – Lima Ecological Infrastructure Strategy propõe a articulação do tratamento de águas residuais com o projeto dos espaços livres públicos em Lima [Peru]. O manual apresenta possibilidades de projetos sensíveis a água, através do conceito de Infraestrutura Ecológica. Adota-se uma metodologia de análise qualitativa, e a pesquisa é focada na revisão bibliográfica e consulta de legislações pertinentes. Busca-se ao longo do texto relacionar as propostas e diretrizes presentes no manual com a gestão das águas urbanas em Salvador [Bahia]. De forma a refletir sobre as contribuições e os desafios, numa perspectiva de maior integração entre projetos sensíveis as águas e o espaço urbanizado.
Sweet bread chemical properties optimalization based on baking temperature and duration
Authors: Devi Dwi Siskawardani  , Warkoyo Warkoyo , Onthong Jumpen 
Published: July 2021

Bread is main food in several country. Sweet bread is one popular type that has a lasting sweet taste and soft textured with or without stuffing. Baking is the most important process of bread production. The temperature and time required in the baking varies according to the type of bread, big dough, and baking pan in the oven used. This research aimed to identify the optimum level of baking temperature and duration to the chemical properties of sweet bread. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) Factorial with 2 factors and 3 replications were applied for this research. The first factor was baking temperature consisted 4 level (T1= 180 oC, T2= 190 oC, T3= 200 oC, T4= 210 oC), and the second factor was baking duration which composed 4 level (A1= 10 minutes, A2= 15 minutes, A3= 20 minutes, A4= 25 minutes). The results showed that there wasn’t interaction between baking temperature and duration to water content, fat, protein, and carbohydrate, but it was interaction to the ash content. The baking temperature and duration separatelly had significantly effect to the all parameter. The best result according to the SNI 01-3840-1995 was S4W4 (185 oC: 14 minutes) with water content (23.572%), fat (10.906), protein (1.105%), carbohydrate (62.940 %), and ash content (1.736 %).
Teach me to play, gamer! Imitative learning in computer games via linguistic description of complex phenomena and decision trees
Authors: Rubio-Manzano Clemente , Lermanda Tomas , Martinez-Araneda Claudia , Vidal-Castro Christian , Segura-Navarrete Alejandra 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this article, we present a new machine learning model by imitation based on the linguistic description of complex phenomena. The idea consists of, first, capturing the behaviour of human players by creating a computational perception network based on the execution traces of the games and, second, representing it using fuzzy logic (linguistic variables and if-then rules). From this knowledge, a set of data (dataset) is automatically created to generate a learning model based on decision trees. This model will be used later to automatically control the movements of a bot. The result is an artificial agent that mimics the human player. We have implemented, tested and evaluated this technology. The results obtained are interesting and promising, showing that this method can be a good alternative to design and implement the behaviour of intelligent agents in video game development.
Stellate ganglion block improves the proliferation and function of splenic CD4+ T cells through inhibition of post- hemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph-mediated autophagy
Authors: Li Ying , Du Hui-Bo , Jiang Li-Na , Wang Chen , Yin Meng , Zhang Li-Min , Zhang Hong , Zhao Zhen-Ao , Liu Zhan-Kuang , Niu Chun-Yu , Zhao Zigang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background and objectiveSevere hemorrhagic shock leads to excessive inflammation and immune dysfunction, which resulted in high mortality related to mesenteric lymph return. Recent study showed that stellate ganglion block (SGB) increased survival rate in rats suffered hemorrhagic shock. However, whether SGB ameliorates immune dysfunction induced by hemorrhagic shock, it remains unknown. The aim of present study is therefore to verify the favorable effect of SGB on the proliferation and function of splenic CD4 + T cells isolated from rats underwent hemorrhagic shock, and investigate its mechanism focusing autophagy and PHSML.Materials and methodsMale rats underwent SGB or sham SGB pretreatment and conscious acute hemorrhage followed by resuscitation and multiple treatments. After three hours of resuscitation, splenic CD4 + T cells were isolated for the measurements of proliferation and cytokine production following stimulation with ConA in vitro. Furthermore, the CD4 + T cells isolated from normal rats were treated with post-hemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph (PHSML) drained from rats treated with SGB or not. And the proliferation, cytokine production and autophagy biomarkers were detected.ResultsHemorrhagic shock reduced CD4 + T cells proliferation and function to produce interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 and tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8 like 2 (TIPE2). SGB pretreatment or administration of autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) significantly normalized these indicators. In contrast, administration of autophagy agonist rapamycin (RAPA) or intravenous injection of PHSML inhibited the beneficial effect of SGB on CD4 + T cells obtained from hemorrhagic shocked rats. Furthermore, PHSML incubation decreased the proliferation and cytokine production, increased LC3 II/I and Beclin-1 expressions, and reduced p-PI3K and p-Akt expressions of normal CD4 + T cells. More critically, these adverse effects of PHSML were abolished by 3-MA administration, as well as incubation with PHSML obtained from SGB treated rats.ConclusionsSGB improves splenic CD4 + T cells function following hemorrhagic shock, which is related to the inhibition of PHSML-mediated autophagy.
Network-Based Inference of Hub Genes In Epithelial Membrane Protein 2-Treated Human RPE cells
Authors: Wan Hua , Zhang Wei , Gao Wei , Tao Zijiao , Lu Xiang , Chen Feng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Backgrounds Identification of hub genes (HGs) using transcriptome data of human retinal pigment epithelial cells (hRPECs) samples treated with epithelial membrane protein 2 (EMP2) was helpful to accurately evaluate the functional relevance of genetic alterations in activity proteins (APs) in these cells. Results We performed differential expression genes (DEGs) analyses of public RNA-seq transcriptome data of EMP2 treated hRPECs, vector control (VC) and wild type (WT) hRPECs. VIPER (Virtual Inference of Protein activity by Enriched Regulon analysis) was used to convert DEGs outcomes to APs signatures and ARACNE (Algorithm for the Reconstruction of Accurate Cellular Networks) was used to construct transcription regulatory networks (TRNs) to identify hub genes (HGs). Conclusions In addition to identifying a significant fraction of DEGs among EMP2-OE groups and EMP-KD groups when compared to VC or WT groups, respectively, we also accurately inferred aberrant TGNs and found several HGs induced by EMP2-overexpressed hRPECs under hypoxia. Thus, we raised a hypothesis that EMP2 may regulate hRPECs angiogenesis via a PDGFA regulatory network, which would help to understand the complex biology of angiogenesis in EMP2 and hypoxia treated hRPECs.
Trends and Pattern of Antibiotic Use in Children in Northern Spain. Lessons From Interpreting Data About Antimicrobial Consumption in Outpatients
Authors: Calle-Miguel Laura , Méndez Carlos Pérez , García Elisa García , Pavón Belén Moreno , Solís-Sánchez Gonzalo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Monitoring of antibiotic prescription and consumption behavior is crucial. The Access, Watch and Reserve (AWaRe) classification of antibiotics has been recently introduced in order to measure and improve patterns of antibiotic use. In this study, retrospective data about systemic antibiotic consumption (expressed in defined daily dose per 1000 inhabitants per day [DID]) in pediatric outpatients in a region in Northern Spain (around 100000 children up to 14 years old) from 2005 to 2018 were analysed and compared with antibiotic consumption in general population in Spain. The pattern of use was analysed by the percentage of the current AWaRe categories, the Access-to-Watch index and the amoxicillin index. Data were calculated annually and compared into two periods. Mean antibiotic consumption in pediatric outpatients was 14.0 DID (CI 95% 13.38–14.62). It remained stable throughout the study and was lower than consumption in general population in Spain, particularly from 2016. Changes in the consumption of the main active principles have led to an improvement in the three metrics of the pattern of use. It is important to have a thorough knowledge of the methodology applied in studies about antibiotic consumption. There is a lack of an optimal standardized metric for pediatric population.
Non-COVID-19 Healthcare Utilisation for Elderly People at the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Korea
Authors: Park K. , Byeon J. , Yang Y. , Cho H. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: At the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, health care systems were severely disrupted in many countries and in particular, elderly people vulnerable to COVID-19 may have been reluctant to receive their medical treatment. Methods: We conducted interrupted time series analyses (ITSA) using nationwide medical utilization data, with focus on different disease categories for the patients of 65–84-year-olds, i.e., acute upper respiratory infections (AURIs) vs. chronic diseases.Results: AURIs and chronic diseases showed a sharp contrast with respect to the change in healthcare service utilisation. First, the utilisation rate for chronic diseases changed little whereas for AURIs it dropped by 20.4% year-over-year (yoy) at the onset of the pandemic (week 6, 2020). Second, as social distancing relaxed (week 17, 2020), the AURIs patients trended up and even reached to 7.8% above yoy whereas no significant change found for chronic diseases.Conclusions: The uninterrupted treatment for chronic diseases in contrast to the AURIs implies that the governmental and public responses to the pandemic outbreak worked for efficient healthcare provision to non-COVID patients as well as effective slowdown against the COVID transmission.
A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) On The Beginning of Resume Parsing in HR Recruitment Process &amp; SMART Advancements in Chronological Order
Authors: Rawat Aakankshu , Malik Siddharth , Rawat Seema , Kumar Deepak , Kumar Praveen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Talent acquisition, also known as recruitment, is definitely amongst one of the most difficult decisions that an organization has to take. The workforce is the most crucial pillar of any organization and surely a deciding factor for its fate. Each organization/company/firm has a dedicated department in place for completely managing an employee’s life cycle starting from recruitment till termination, known as the Human Resource (HR) department. National Cash Register Co. was the first company ever to include an HR department in 1900 for resolving conflicts among existing employees. Since then, the world of recruitment has grown rapidly with a lot of advancements to fast-track the hiring process. Realising the importance of hiring fitting and apt employees, HR units around the world have undergone substantial changes from traditional recruitment methodologies to network recruitment and finally to smart hybrid recruitment strategies for efficient hiring with a significantly less human workload. The purpose of this Systematic Literature Review (SLR) article is to shed light on all the advancements in the hiring process from a technical perspective. The article follows the defined format and all appropriate guidelines of an SLR and would provide an extensive study of various Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) approaches to facilitate hiring. The main emphasis has been given to “Resume/CV Parsing” as an enhancer of fast-track hiring. The SLR would be instrumental in providing various fast-track approaches to go with for resume parsing, the scope of improvement and also focus on various challenges/ethical considerations to keep in mind while automating the hiring process.
Fear of An Unprecedented, Invisible Enemy: Difficulties Experienced In Establishing Criteria For The Release of COVID-19 Patients From Isolation
Authors: Hagiya Hideharu , Hasegawa Kou , Otsuka Fumio 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a global pandemic, and the United States and European authorities established criteria for the release of COVID-19 patients from isolation in October 2020. However, a huge discrepancy exists between the hospital-discharge protocol for COVID-19 patients and the release of patients from in-hospital isolation. Our initially proposed criteria for in-hospital release from isolation was not adhered to by healthcare workers (HCWs) due to prevailing concerns regarding disease infectivity. Herein, we report difficulties encountered in attempting to establish a common understanding of the management of emerging infections. Methods: We performed a Google Form-based questionnaire survey targeting HCWs from Okayama University Hospital, Japan, via e-mail on January 21–28, 2021. The anonymous investigation required respondents to provide information regarding their background as well as perceptions regarding the requirement, level of understanding, and readiness for developing release criteria.Results: We obtained 150 eligible responses, including 57 (38.0%) from medical doctors and 53 (35.3%) from nurses. Most HCWs managing COVID-19 patients advocated for the implementation of the criteria, whereas those not working in that capacity did not (p<0.001). Over half of the HCWs indicated discomfort at seeing COVID-19 patients transitioning to general management even after meeting the criteria. Conclusions: It was challenging to establish a common understanding regarding the ideal criteria for in-hospital release of COVID-19 patients from isolation in our hospital. The dissemination of our experiences and multifaceted discussions with HCWs would be of great value as a countermeasure against the emergent pandemic.