bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Antioxidant Activity and Analysis of Phenolic Compounds of some Asteraceae Plants by HPLC: A Comparison Between Methanol and Ethanol Extracts
Authors: Anvari Donia , Jamei Rashid 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Medicinal and healing plants have been used in treating human diseases
for centuries because of their therapeutic effects. They may assist in curing common ailments such
as a multitude of skin problems, various disorders from muscle spasms to cuts and wounds. They
can be used to relieve symptoms of different illnesses from cold to some forms of arthritis or some
allergies as well. The Asteraceae plant is a strong source of antimicrobial and antioxidant agents
and this paper focuses on its specifications.

Objectives:
The specific aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant potential and radical
scavenging of different solvents (Methanol and Ethanol) of five species i.e.Artemisia absinthium
L., Arctium lappa L., Centaurea cyanus L., Silybum marianum L., and Echinops ritro L. belonging
to the Asteraceae family.

Methods:
Methanol and ethanol extracts of the above plants were prepared. The obtained extracts
were evaluated for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total antioxidant capacity
(TAC), chain-breaking activity (CBA), thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
(DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Also, Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), Nitric
oxide (NO) radical scavenging, Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) radical scavenging and Superoxide
(O2
-) radical inhibition assay were measured. Phenolic compounds were determined and measured
by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as well.

Results:
The collected and analyzed data showed that the highest values for the TPC, TFC, TBA,
and DPPH were related to methanol extract of A. lappa L. Moreover, maximum values for the
CBA, H2O2 and O2
- were observed in the ethanol extract of E. ritro L., while methanol extract of E.
ritro L. showed the highest amount of FRAP and NO. Eventually, the highest value for TAC was
related to A. absintium L. and it was also realized that methanol compared to ethanol solvent was
more successful in the extraction procedure.

Conclusions:
These findings suggest that A. lappa L. and E. ritro L. extracts can be considered as
excellent natural antioxidant agents and the type of the solvent can affect the extraction of phenolic
compounds. Sinapic acid as the highest level of phenolic acid was found in S. marianum L.
Age and Social Disparities in the Use of Telemedicine During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Miyawaki Atsushi , Tabuchi Takahiro , Ong Michael K , Tsugawa Yusuke 
Published: July 2021

Background
The use of telemedicine outpatient visits has increased dramatically during the COVID-19 pandemic in many countries. Although disparities in access to telemedicine by age and socioeconomic status (SES) have been well-documented, evidence is limited as to how these disparities changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, the equity of patient access to telemedicine has been scarcely reported in Japan, despite the huge potential for telemedicine expansion.

Objective
We aimed to investigate changes due to age and SES disparities in telemedicine use during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan.

Methods
Using data from a large internet survey conducted between August 25 and September 30, 2020, in Japan, we examined the associations of participant age and SES (educational attainment, urbanicity of residence, and income level) with their telemedicine use in the following two time periods during the pandemic: April 2020 and August-September 2020.

Results
Of the 24,526 participants aged 18 to 79 years (50.8% [n=12,446] women), the proportion of individuals who reported using telemedicine increased from 2.0% (n=497) in April 2020 to 4.7% (n=1159) in August-September 2020. After adjusting for potential confounders, younger individuals were more likely to use telemedicine than older individuals in April 2020. Although this pattern persisted in August-September 2020, we also observed a substantial increase in telemedicine use among individuals aged 70 to 79 years (adjusted rates, 0.2% in April 2020 vs 3.8% in August-September 2020; P<.001 after multiple comparisons). We found disparities in telemedicine use by SES in August-September 2020 that did not exist in April 2020. In August-September 2020, individuals with a university degree were more likely to use telemedicine than those with a high school diploma or less (adjusted rates, 6.6% vs 3.5%; P<.001). Individuals living in urban areas exhibited higher rates of telemedicine use than those living in rural areas only in August-September 2020 (adjusted rates, 5.2% vs 3.8%; P<.001). Disparities in telemedicine use by income level were not observed in either time period.

Conclusions
In general, younger individuals increased their use of telemedicine compared to older individuals during the pandemic, although individuals in their 70s also increased their use of telemedicine. Disparities in telemedicine use by educational attainment and urbanicity of residence widened during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Examining the Preliminary Effectiveness and Acceptability of a Web-Based Training Program for Australian Secondary School Teachers: Pilot Study of the BEAM (Building Educators’ Skills in Adolescent Mental Health) Program
Authors: Parker Belinda L , Anderson Melissa , Batterham Philip J , Gayed Aimee , Subotic-Kerry Mirjana , Achilles Melinda R , Chakouch Cassandra , Werner-Seidler Aliza , Whitton Alexis E , O’Dea Bridianne 
Published: July 2021

Background
Secondary schools are increasingly supporting adolescents’ mental health and well-being, yet many teachers report that they lack the skills and confidence to do so. Building Educators’ skills in Adolescent Mental Health (BEAM) is a web-based training program developed to improve secondary school teachers’ knowledge and confidence in caring for students’ mental health.

Objective
This pilot study examined the preliminary effectiveness and acceptability of the BEAM program for improving mental health knowledge, attitudes, confidence, helping behaviors, and psychological distress among secondary school teachers.

Methods
A single-arm pilot trial was conducted from July to December 2019 among secondary school teachers located in New South Wales, Australia, who were employed in leadership positions responsible for managing student well-being (ie, Year Advisors). Participants had access to the BEAM program for 6 weeks. Self-report surveys, delivered at baseline, postintervention (6-weeks post baseline) and 3-month follow-up (19 weeks post baseline) were used to measure changes in training outcomes. Acceptability was assessed by program use, barriers, satisfaction, and participants’ perceptions of program effectiveness.

Results
A total of 70 secondary school teachers took part (mean age 36.5 years, SD 9.41 years, range 24-60 years). Significant improvements in confidence were reported at postintervention and 3-month follow-up. Significant improvements in helping behaviors were reported at 3-month follow-up only. There was also a significant reduction in psychological distress at postintervention. Participants agreed that the program content was easy to understand and relevant, but program completion was challenged by lack of time, competing priorities, and forgetfulness.

Conclusions
Findings indicated that a web-based training program may be beneficial for improving secondary school teachers’ abilities to care for students’ mental health; however, program modifications are required to increase training completions.

Trial Registration
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12619000821190, Universal Trial Number U1111-1232-7680; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=377529
Analysis of Apps With a Medication List Functionality for Older Adults With Heart Failure Using the Mobile App Rating Scale and the IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics Functionality Score: Evaluation Study
Authors: Diaz-Skeete Yohanca Maria , McQuaid David , Akinosun Adewale Samuel , Ekerete Idongesit , Carragher Natacha , Carragher Lucia 
Published: July 2021

Background
Managing the care of older adults with heart failure (HF) largely centers on medication management. Because of frequent medication or dosing changes, an app that supports these older adults in keeping an up-to-date list of medications could be advantageous. During the COVID-19 pandemic, HF outpatient consultations are taking place virtually or by telephone. An app with the capability to share a patient’s medication list with health care professionals before consultation could support clinical efficiency, for example, by reducing consultation time. However, the influence of apps on maintaining an up-to-date medication history for older adults with HF in Ireland remains largely unexplored.

Objective
The aims of this review are twofold: to review apps with a medication list functionality and to assess the quality of the apps included in the review using the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) and the IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics functionality scale.

Methods
A systematic search of apps was conducted in June 2019 using the Google Play Store and iTunes App Store. The MARS was used independently by 4 researchers to assess the quality of the apps using an Android phone and an iPad. Apps were also evaluated using the IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics functionality score.

Results
Google Play and iTunes App store searches identified 483 potential apps (292 from Google Play and 191 from iTunes App stores). A total of 6 apps (3 across both stores) met the inclusion criteria. Of the 6 apps, 4 achieved an acceptable MARS score (3/5). The Medisafe app had the highest overall MARS score (4/5), and the Medication List & Medical Records app had the lowest overall score (2.5/5). On average, the apps had 8 functions based on the IMS functionality criteria (range 5-11). A total of 2 apps achieved the maximum score for number of features (11 features) according to the IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics functionality score, and 2 scored the lowest (5 features). Peer-reviewed publications were identified for 3 of the apps.

Conclusions
The quality of current apps with medication list functionality varies according to their technical aspects. Most of the apps reviewed have an acceptable MARS objective quality (ie, the overall quality of an app). However, subjective quality (ie, satisfaction with the apps) was poor. Only 3 apps are based on scientific evidence and have been tested previously. A total of 2 apps featured all the IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics functionalities, and half did not provide clear instructions on how to enter medication data, did not display vital parameter data in an easy-to-understand format, and did not guide users on how or when to take their medication.
STATISTICALLY OPTIMIZED AND BOX-BEHNKEN DESIGN ASSISTED METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN ANTIPSYCHOTIC MEDICATION OLANZAPINE AND ITS RELATED IMPURITIES BY REVERSE-PHASE HPLC-UV SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: ALAM MD IRSHAD , SIDDIQUI AQUIL-UR-RAHIM 
Published: July 2021

Objective: Statistically designed and Box-Behnken design (BBD) assisted reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) method was developed and validated for the identification of an antipsychotic medication Olanzapine and its organic impurities in pure drug along with forced degradation studies.
Methods: The present developed method employed BBD optimized chromatographic conditions comprising of an Inertsil ODS 3V analytical column with dimension 250 mm x 4.6 mm and particle size 5µ. The isocratic mobile phase was used as a mixture of monobasic sodium phosphate buffer (0.01 M, pH 6), methanol and acetonitrile in the proportion of 40/30/30, v/v. The mobile phase flow rate and UV λmax was 1 ml/min and 260 nm, respectively. The method was optimized by Box-Behnken design using design expert software, comprising of three factors for Olanzapine for instance flow rate (A), mobile phase composition (B) and pH (C) while resolution between Olanzapine related compound A and Olanzapine related compound B (Y1) and tailing of Olanzapine (Y2) were taken as a response.
Results: Application of BBD yielded statistically designed method with excellent quality parameters achieved in terms of linearity with the coefficient of correlation (R2>0.9999), limit of detection (LOD, 0.0023-0.16 µg/ml), the limit of quantification (LOQ, 0.007-0.39 µg/ml), accuracy (99-100%) and precision ((2%, relative standard deviation (%RSD) were evaluated as per latest available procedures.
Conclusion: Forced degradation conditions were carried out, demonstrated that the optimized method was stable and no any interfering peaks eluting at the similar retention time of the studied compounds. The method was found to be stable, easy, rugged and robust, could be applied for the similar types of the pure drug.
DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF ERLOTINIB LOADED LIQUORICE CRUDE PROTEIN NANOPARTICLES BY BOX BEHNKEN DESIGN
Authors: V. S. GEETHA , VELRAJ MALARKODI 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To formulate and evaluate Erlotinib loaded Liquorice crude protein (LCP) nanoparticles from the powdered liquorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) using Box-Behnken design.
Methods: Erlotinib loaded liquorice crude protein nanoparticles were prepared by desolvation method using ethanol-water (1:2 ratio), Tween-80 (2%v/v) and gluteraldehyde (8% v/v) as cross linking agent. Box-Behnken design with 3 factors, 3 levels and 3 responses was used to optimize the prepared nanoparticles. The independent variables were taken as A) Erlotinib concentration B) LCP concentration and C) Incubation time with responses R1) Drug entrapment efficiency R2) Drug Release and R3) Particle size. The correlation between factors and responses were studied through response surface plots and mathematical equations. The nanoparticles were evaluated for FTIR, particle size and zeta potential by Photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) and surface morphology by TEM. The entrapment efficiency, and in vitro drug release studies in PBS pH 7.4 (26 h) were carried out. The experimental values were found to be in close resemblance with the predicted value obtained from the optimization process. The in vitro cytotoxicity studies of the prepared nanoparticles in lung cancer cell line (A 549) were studied with different concentrations for 24h.
Results: The average particle size, zeta potential, Polydispersity index (PDI) were found to be 292.1 nm,-25.8 mV and 0.384 respectively. TEM image showed that the nanoparticles dispersed well with a uniform shape and showed not much change during storage. The in vitro drug release showed 41.23% for 26 h in PBS (7.4) and release kinetics showed highest R2value (0.982) for Korsmeyer-Peppas model, followed by 0.977 for Higuchi model. The in vitro cytotoxicity of prepared nanoparticles in A 549 cell line showed good results with different concentrations for 24h.
Conclusion: Erlotinib (Erlo) is a BCS class II drug with poor solubility, poor bioavailability and selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor for non small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) through oral administration. To improve the oral bioavailability and absorption of molecules, plant protein as carriers is used for developing drug delivery systems due to their proven safety. The optimization variables were Conc of Erlo, Conc. of LCP and Incubation time to get responses as drug entrapment efficiency, drug release and particle size. The compatibility between drug and LCP were evaluated by FTIR.
METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF FLUTICASONE PROPIONATE AND SALMETEROL XINAFOATE COMBINATION IN SOLUTIONS AND HUMAN PLASMA USING HPLC WITH UV DETECTION
Authors: A. SHAMMOUT MOHAMMAD JAMAL , YOUSEF HAMMAM  B. , ABU-SHANDI KHALID H. , ALOMARI MOHAMMAD I. , HASAN MOHAMMAD R. , AL-OTHMAN ATEF O. , MANASREH WALEED A. 
Published: July 2021

Objective: A simple, Rapid, and sensitive HPLC method utilizing UV detection was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of Fluticasone propionate (FP) and Salmeterol xinafoate (SX) in solutions and in vitro human plasma.
Methods: Chromatographic analysis was done on SUPELCO® RP-C18 column (150 x 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size) with an isocratic mobile phase composed of methanol, acetonitrile, and water (50:20:30, v/v) mixture while flow rate was set to 1 ml/min. Detection with UV at maximum absorbance wavelength (ʎmax) values of 236 and 252 for FP and SX, respectively. Spiked plasma samples were liquid-liquid extracted by diethyl ether and reconstituted using methanol.
Results: Method was accurate and precise over a linear (R2>0.995) range of (0.067-100 µg/ml) and (0.0333-50 µg/ml) for FP and SX, respectively. LOD/lOQ values were 0.13/0.6 and 0.06/0.3 µg/ml for FP and SX, respectively.
The developed method was successfully applied for the analysis of FP and SX in spiked human plasma samples. The method is considered to be accurate and precise over a linear (R2>0.9969) range of (6.67-66.67 µg/ml) and (3.33-33.3 µg/ml) for FP and SX, respectively. Extraction efficiency was approved by recovery values of (94.98–102.46 %) and (96.54–102.62 %) for FP and SX, respectively.
Conclusion: This validated method revealed simple and cheap extraction procedures and detectors, non-buffered mobile phase, and short retention times with excellent resolution.
FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF RALOXIFENE LOADED SOLID-LIPID NANOPARTICLES
Authors: PANT NAVIN CHANDRA , JUYAL VIJAY 
Published: July 2021

Objective: The poor water solubility of the drug presents a great challenge for the formulation development and results in low oral bioavailability. The oral bioavailability of Raloxifene HCl (RLX) is very low (<2%) in humans due to its poor solubility. The objective of the present study was to develop RLX loaded solid-liquid nanoparticles for effective drug delivery.
Methods: Compritol 888 ATO-based RLX-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were formulated using the oil in water microemulsion method. Drug-excipients compatibility was confirmed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Differential scanning calorimetry methods. The SLN was characterized for particle size, surface morphology, entrapment efficiency.
Results: A total of seventeen formulations (SLN1-SLN17) were developed as per the 3 levels 3 factor Box–Behnken design. The model used for the analysis was statistically analyzed using ANOVA and the goodness of fit was evaluated using diagnostic plots. As per the response-surface plots, the amount of lipid, poloxamer 407, and ultrasonication time have a significant effect on the particle size and entrapment efficiency (%EE). The developed RLX-loaded SLNs have the size and %EE in the range of 165.63±2.62 nm to 315.33±4.87 nm and 75.21±2.32% to 95.32±2.11%. The TEM analysis showed that the developed RLX-loaded SLNs were almost spherical and has a small size range.
Conclusion: The high biocompatibility, biodegradability, ability to protect drugs in GIT, and sustained release properties make SLNs an ideal candidate to resolve poor oral bioavailability challenges.
DEUTERIUM AS A TOOL FOR CHANGING THE PROPERTIES OF PHARMACEUTICAL SUBSTANCES (REVIEW)
Authors: SYROESHKIN ANTON V. , PLETENEVA TATYANA V. , USPENSKAYA ELENA V. , LEVITSKAYA OLGA V. , TARABRINA IRINA V. , NOVIKOVA SVITLANA N. , ZLATSKIY IGOR A. 
Published: July 2021

The review is devoted to the influence of the hydrogen isotope–deuterium on biological models of organisms and the biological activity of pharmaceutical substances.
The positions of the influence of deuterium on the properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients are examined from different perspectives. The first position reflects an increase in the kinetic isotope effect (KIE) in processes involving known pharmaceutical substances in aqueous solutions with a deuterium/protium ratio (D/H) below natural. For the first time, the dose-response diagram shows the identity of deuterium with essential trace elements, when a deficiency and excess of an element reduces the organism's vitality. Improved kinetic characteristics are demonstrated for the molecular and organism levels of different hierarchical gradations. In particular, they consist in the possibility of increasing the dissolution rate of substances by influencing the carbohydrate mutarotation processes and the optical activity of chiral substances, increased accumulation of essential elements in medicinal plants and other processes associated with a possible change in metabolic pathways in the cell and the organism as a whole.
The second considered position of the influence of deuterium is associated with the use of deuterated substances–new compounds or obtained by substitution of protium in known protium analogues. The KIE is presented, which is expressed in a decrease in the biotransformation rate as a result of deuteration, it allows predicting a rapid development of the new direction in the development of drugs. Having an identical therapeutic effect, deuterated analogs provide improved pharmacokinetic characteristics, such as reduced toxicity, blocked epimerization of optically active substances, and a change in the mechanisms of biotransformation. The obtained results make it possible to predict the mechanisms of the effect of deuterium on the biochemical transformations of pharmaceutical substances in the organism.
“A última aventura" de Romy Pocztaruk: uma viagem entre as utopias e ruínas na Região Amazônica
Authors: Gaspar Rafael Fontes 
Published: July 2021

Este artigo analisa a série de fotografias A última aventura (2011) da artista Romy Pocztaruk. A artista, em suas fotografias revela as ruínas de Fordlândia demonstrando o fracasso do projeto utópico de Henry Ford e o cenário desolado das cidades que foram construídas ao redor da Rodovia Transamazônica. No ensaio A nostalgia das ruínas de Andreas Huyssen podemos compreender que as ruínas da modernidade demonstram o declínio das promessas modernas, que falharam ou que não se concretizaram ainda.