bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Dry Etch Removal of Si and SiOxNy for Advanced Electron Beam Probing Applications
Authors: Edmonds Mary , Cox Thaddeus , Markulin John , von Haartman Martin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a die-level sample preparation technique that uses selective etch chemistry and laser interferometry to expose the entire top metal layer surface for electrical fault isolation. It also describes a novel e-beam based probing technique called StaMPS which is used to isolate logic structure failures through SEM image contrasts. By landing SEM probe tips on exposed metal pads and controlling logic states via an applied bias, different levels of contrast are created highlighting structural failure locations. Die-level sample preparation combined with e-beam fault isolation optimizes turnaround time by delayering die in less than an hour and by locating several types of defects in a single sample.
Fault Isolation Approaches for Nanoscale TSV Interconnects in 3D Heterogenous Integration
Authors: Jacobs K.J.P. , Jourdain A. , De Wolf I. , Beyne E. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper describes optical and electron beam based fault isolation approaches for short and open defects in nanometer-scale through-silicon via (TSV) interconnects. Short defects are localized by photon emission microscopy (PEM) and optical beam-induced current (OBIC) techniques, and open defects are isolated by active voltage contrast imaging in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results are confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) cross-sectioning.
LADA and SDL: Powerful Techniques for Marginal Failures
Authors: Bodoh Dan , Erington Kent 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This presentation is an application oriented tutorial on laser-assisted device alteration (LADA) and soft defect localization (SDL) techniques and how they are used to analyze marginal digital failures and identify analog circuits that are sensitive to voltage perturbations. The presentation includes well-illustrated instructions for equipment setup and validation, guidelines for collecting and analyzing images, and examples of how to interpret pass/fail sites and assess the effect of laser interactions on circuit behaviors. It also includes a brief overview of time-resolved LADA and introduces the concept of laser-induced fault isolation (LIFA).
ANALYSIS OF PERSONAL AUXILIARY FACILITIES ON THE SUBJECT OF THE READINESS TO CONDUCT BUSINESS ACTIVITIES
Authors: Assanova G. , Saginbayeva M. , Aytkhozhin S. , Nurpeisov D. 
Published: October 2021

This article is written based on the results of two years of research during the implementation of the Grant financing project of the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. AR08053217 "Development of a model for the effective functioning of personal subsidiary farms on the example of poultry meat production", 2020-2022.
The basis of this article is the study of such form of farming in rural areas as personal subsidiary farms. The importance of private farming is actualized both in matters of a social nature in rural areas, and issues of sustainable development of entire sectors of the economy. The article clarifies the main socio-economic functions of personal subsidiary farms.
The basics of motivation and goal-setting are considered in the direction of entrepreneurship. And in this regard, a model is given for increasing the business activity of personal subsidiary farms based on small-scale poultry meat production. The model is described from the point of view of the mechanisms of interaction of participants, and from the point of view of the organization.
El problema del lenguaje en Hegel: tres lecturas de la Enciclopedia de las ciencias filosóficas (1817)
Authors: Cortés Federico 
Published: October 2021

En este trabajo retomamos una serie de lecturas sobre la Enciclopedia de las ciencias filosóficas (1817) –texto tardío de la obra de Hegel, en el que presenta su sistema filosófico de manera completa y acabada–: La respiración del ser de Germán Prósperi, "Hegel’s Linguistic Thought in the Philosophy of Subjective Spirit. Between Kant and the Metacritics” de J. Surber y “Sign and Symbol in Hegel's Aesthetics” de Paul de Man. Proponemos hacer hincapié en tres instancias que Hegel analiza en el apartado sobre "El espíritu subjetivo": el recuerdo, la imaginación y la memoria. También haremos referencia a Ciencia de la lógica (1812) porque allí Hegel desarrolla la especial relevancia de la dialéctica para el pensamiento filosófico. Nuestro objetivo es vincular el tratamiento hegeliano de las tres instancias mencionadas con sus teorizaciones en torno al problema de la nominación y el lenguaje, buscando indagar en las tensiones que estas conceptualizaciones suponen al interior de su sistema filosófico.
Mathematical model of software development project team composition optimization with fuzzy initial data
Authors: Kononenko Igor , Sushko Hlib 
Published: October 2021

Increasingly frequent changes in demand for products, reducing product life cycles, changes in the business environment during a crisis, the innovative nature of projects, the complexity of forecasting external and internal conditions, the impact of the human factor lead to increased uncertainty and inability to plan team activities with a given degree of accuracy. In this regard, the subject matter of the article is the task of creating an adaptive project team that can work effectively in the mentioned above conditions. This task is especially relevant for the sphere of software development. The sphere is dynamic and characterized by frequent changes in product requirements, technologies, working conditions, and restrictions on project implementation. Agile approaches are used to manage such projects, which can help the team respond to uncertainties and frequent changes. To date, there are many agile approaches to project management, but the issue of selecting team members in such approaches is insufficiently covered. Therefore, this work formalizes the task of deciding on the selection of software development team members, considering the uncertainty and subjectivity of the information that affects the selection of candidates for the team. The task of the work is to create a decision-making model based on the use of the mathematical apparatus of fuzzy sets and methods of operations research. Such a model should allow considering the uncertainty of estimates of project requirements and the level of competence of team candidates. The result is a mathematical model of a two-criterion constrained optimization problem. The first objective function is aimed at finding a team composition that maximizes the maximum competencies of its members. The second criterion is aimed at forming a team with the maximum sum of competencies for all indicators, considering the weight of each indicator. The first constraint assumes that at least one team member meets the competency requirements expressed by a specific indicator. Additionally, it is required that the available time fund of the team members allows the project to be completed on time. It considers the limitation on the salary of the team. Conclusions. Solving the problem in accordance with the proposed mathematical model will allow making a team as readily as possible to meet the existing and new requirements for the project staff. The last circumstance is especially important when implementing a software development projects.
Блокчейн-технології в управлінні комунікаціями інфраструктурних проектів
Authors: Литвиненко Дмитро Петрович , Малєєва Ольга Володимирівна , Єлізєва Аліна Володимирівна 
Published: October 2021

The subject of research in the article is the processes and technologies of communication management of infrastructural projects. The possibilities of using blockchain technology in the field of project management are considered. The goal of work: improving the information security of infrastructure projects. The risks of stakeholder communications will be reduced by increasing the security of data access and reducing the time for their processing, which in turn will provide more flexible project management. The tasks of the work: to analyze the current state of development of blockchain technology and conduct a comparative analysis of technology and modern generally accepted management methods, give examples of implementation, determine the advantages of blockchain technology in modern conditions; analyze the benefits of using smart contracts in communication management, apply the smart contract life cycle model in an infrastructure project. Research methods: systems analysis, design approach, structural modeling, instrument Geth, programming language Solidity. The following results were obtained. The main directions of development and implementation of blockchain technology are characterized, examples of the use of blockchain technology in various industries are collected and analyzed, the main advantages and disadvantages of the technology are identified, a comparative analysis of blockchain technology and classical project management methods is carried out, the possibilities of using blockchain technology in the field of project management are described, the main the possibility of implementing reasonable contracts, the advantages and disadvantages of reasonable contracts are identified, the advantages and disadvantages of the instrument of reasonable contracts are analyzed in comparison with the traditional approach. The smart contract life cycle model presents the creation stages, installation to the blockchain contract managing, and contract completion. Provided an example of the smart contract used for the complex financial project, which reduced the risk of project failures. Conclusion. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is in the improvement of the project management life cycle model through the further development of the smart contract model. This allows to increase information security, reduce possible risks and guarantee the implementation of an infrastructure project through the use of blockchain technology in comparison with classical project management methods.
Activities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Ukrainian SSR on Combating Economic Crime in the Middle of 1950s
Authors: Grechenko V. A. 
Published: October 2021

The relevance of the research topic is due to theoretical and practical significance of the problems of combating economic crime in modern conditions. In this regard, the issue of the effectiveness of the modernized police in accordance with the new tasks is of great importance. The original experience of combating economic crime was gained in previous years, but especially specific in this case were the 1950s, when there was departure from Stalin’s criminal policy, when the liberalization of the political regime and economic reforms began. In general, the country had a new political and economic situation. Various perpetrators also tried to take advantage of this, so the fight against both criminal and economic crime continued to be relevant in the new conditions. This topic is not enough studied in the historical and legal literature.
Economic crime has been studied in the article in the sense that it was exactly in the specified historical period. For the first time in the historical and legal literature we studied the activities of the police to combat economic crime in the middle of 1950s, demonstrated certain achievements and shortcomings in this work, its management by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Ukrainian SSR. The historical and legal analysis of the normative acts regulating the work of militia in the specified sphere has been carried out. New archival documents have been introduced into scientific circulation, which made it possible to expand and deepen the scientific understanding of police activities during this period, to give it greater objectivity and reliability.
The main attention has been paid to the fight against economic crime by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Ukrainian SSR; the author has demonstrated the shortcomings observed by the Ministry in this work, the ways to overcome them. It has been emphasized that the analysis of these phenomena by the staff of the Ministry of Internal Affairs was not always in-depth; there were repetitions and superficial judgments. The data characterizing the state of economic crime in the Republic in 1954-1955 has been provided.
On Determining the Concept of “Disciplinary Liability of Police Officers”
Authors: Zherebtsov D. Ye. 
Published: October 2021

The essence of legal liability in labor law has been clarified. Scientific approaches to the definition of “disciplinary liability” have been studied. The purpose of disciplinary liability of employees has been defined. The author has studied the norms of the Law of Ukraine “On the Disciplinary Statute of the National Police of Ukraine” regarding the procedure for applying disciplinary liability to police officers.
Features of disciplinary liability of police officers have been determined. First of all, disciplinary liability of police officers is a type of special disciplinary liability. Secondly, only a police officer is subject to disciplinary action. Thirdly, disciplinary sanctions are applied by managers at various levels to the relevant regulatory defined range of police officers. Fourth, the purpose of disciplinary liability of police officers is to ensure the compliance with police service discipline, to prevent from committing disciplinary offenses by police officers, to educate police officers’ conscious attitude to the service, to create the necessary conditions for effective operation of police units. Fifth, disciplinary offense is the basis for applying disciplinary liability to police officers. Sixth, the occurrence of negative consequences, which are manifested in the imposition of disciplinary sanctions provided by the Law of Ukraine “On the Disciplinary Statute of the National Police of Ukraine”.
The author has suggested own definition of the term of “disciplinary liability of police officers”, which means the application of disciplinary sanctions under the Law of Ukraine “On the Disciplinary Statute of the National Police of Ukraine” to a police officer who has committed a disciplinary offense.
Practice of Administrative and Jurisdictional Activity of Community Police Officers – Integral Part of the Principles for the Formation of Local and State Security Policy
Authors: Kalashnyk M. V. 
Published: October 2021

The author has accomplished the analysis of the essence of organizational and legal principles of community police officers’ activity (hereinafter – CPO), their interaction with other divisions of the National Police of Ukraine, state authorities, local self-government agencies and communities. The author has analyzed a set of tasks, functions and powers of CPO and the current state of regulatory legal provision of community police officers activity: has outlined the algorithm of actions of community police officers within the combination of functions of district police officers and patrol police officers.
The author has outlined the perspectives for more effective involvement of local residents into formation of local and state security policy through new mechanisms of cooperation with local communities and civil society institutions developed by the practice of police officers of territorial communities; the author has provided a number of propositions for the development of regulatory legal documents that would regulate the activities of community police officers. The author has studied the essence of interaction of police officers and members of the community, its legal principles and forms of realization, problems of regulation of the activity of the newly created law enforcement institution.
A new format of work of a district police officer, based on the principles of combining the efforts of local self-government agencies and law enforcement agencies, has been characterized. The author has defined a number of gaps in the legislative and regulatory provision of community police officers’ activities, including the establishment of effective coordination between community police officers and local communities and the elimination of existing or possible competitive interest that may arise in the process of their joint activities.
The determinant of lag of performing professional activity by community police officers from the standards of similar services of the European Union countries has been defined.
Administrative Supervision of the National Police of Ukraine
Authors: Kovalov I. M. , Yevtushok V. A. 
Published: October 2021

The scientific article is focused on the legal regulation of administrative supervision of the National Police of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to define the concept and features of police administrative supervision and develop propositions for amending the existing legislation regulating law enforcement activity.
The relevance of the chosen topic is the fact that police officers’ powers to monitor the rule of law in the fields of economy and public administration can directly affect the rights and freedoms of individuals and the legitimate interests of legal entities. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the doctrinal definition of the concept of police administrative supervision and its features and the development of propositions for amending the Law of Ukraine "On the National Police".
The publications of scholars who studied the problems of police administrative supervision in various sectors of the economy and public administration were studied. The norms of legislative acts that establish the supervisory powers of the police are analyzed.
It is concluded that police administrative supervision is systematic monitoring of the compliance with Ukrainian legislation in the fields of economy, public administration, public life, and the application of coercive measures to offenders to stop the offense and bring them to justice. Features of police administrative supervision, such as regularity, legality, formality, publicity, have been identified. Police administrative supervision is protective. Its purpose is to stop and prevent violations of Ukrainian law. Administrative supervision over the compliance with the law is carried out in the areas of public order and public safety, public administration, business, drug trafficking, firearms and ammunition, road safety, and other sectors of the economy and public administration.
It is offered to make appropriate amendments to the Art. 2 of the Law of Ukraine "On the National Police". The results of the study can be used in lawmaking, law enforcement practice, and the educational process.
Problems of Vehicle Identification by Tire Marks on the Soil
Authors: Chernets M. H. 
Published: October 2021

Scientific research is focused on the problems of vehicle identification by tire marks on the soil. It is argued that the car can either be a participant in a traffic accident or be used during theft of property or kidnapping.
The constructional features of the wheels and tires of a car, which are important in the formation of tracks, are described. When the wheel comes into contact with the soil, the tread pattern is reflected.
The features of the vehicle tire marks recorded by the investigator and the forensic scientist during the scene search have been determined. Photo or video recording of car wheel tracks is possible, as well as preparing the impression from the display of the tread on the soil.
The possibilities of transport and traceological examination for studying the traces of car wheels have been established. The procedure for appointing an expert examination by an investigator is described. There is a list of materials that are provided for an expert study, as well as a list of questions that can be posed to an expert.
It is argued that a problem in proving the involvement of a vehicle in the commission of a crime is the possibility of the vehicle tires or wheels to be replaced immediately after it has been committed. Recommendations regarding the identification of a vehicle based on tire marks on the soil are suggested. To establish the fact of changing tires on a car after the commission of a crime, the investigator must seize all sets of tires that are found in the suspect’s household or garage. It is possible to confirm the fact of changing tires on a particular car by interrogating employees of service stations located near the suspect’s residence. In addition to tire marks, to identify the vehicle, it is worth using the testimony of witnesses regarding the model and color of the car, traces of glass debris and paint chips at the accident site and damage on the car itself.
Tradición oral de adultos mayores del camino del inca (Qhapac- Ñan) como aporte al turismo sustentable del Carchi " Ecuador
Authors: Lomas Tapia Rolando , Naranjo Toro Miguel , Trujillo Carmen Amelia , Cruz Góngora Fabio Elton 
Published: October 2021

El Qhapaq Ñan "Camino principal Andino y/o Camino Real"está declarado en la actualidad como Patrimonio Mundial de la Unesco, y se convertirá en prioridad La presente investigación aportará al desarrollo así como al mejoramiento de vida de las comunidades que se encuentran en esa ruta debido a una utilización personificada del turismo como fuente de ingresos y cultura.
Desde la actividad turística significa la incorporación y creación de importantes destinos turísticos culturales y naturales, como también la implementación de infraestructura que podrá generar fuentes de ingreso a las comunidades.
El trabajo estructurado consistió en rescatar la tradición oral que está presente en la memoria de los adultos mayores de los cantones por donde pasa el camino del Inca comenzado por la zona Norte del Ecuador zona limítrofe con Colombia, quienes son portadores de sus historias de vida a través del tiempo y que aún se mantienen latentes en la actualidad. Se aplicó el método cualitativo a través de la entrevista a profundidad. Emergiendo en los resultados, significados valiosos que servirán para implementar modelos de turismo comunitario.
Rediseño técnico turístico del balneario La Calera
Authors: Piarpuezán Ruano Tania Pamela 
Published: October 2021

"El diseño y los recursos turísticos del balneario La Calera" nace de la problemática en su diseño enfocado a la construcción civil dejando a un lado la parte de optimización de los recursos enfocados al tema turístico; ocasionando una deficiente distribución de las áreas de recreación desaprovechando el espacio. Además, desde la creación e inauguración de La Calera no ha existido un mejoramiento en la parte arquitectónica como de las nuevas tendencias de esparcimiento, ocio y recreación. La adecuada distribución de las áreas de recreación permitirá un aprovechamiento de los recursos turísticos, pues se toma en cuenta características del espacio turístico y la mejor manera de utilizarlos brindando un servicio de calidad y diferenciación. Así también una planificación adecuada sobre el espacio físico permite una relación armónica entre el medio natural y las personas, relacionándolas en un mismo elemento. Los beneficiarios son los turistas locales quienes hacen uso diario del servicio, por su cercanía con el mismo, los cuales serán favorecidos con las mejoras propuestas en la distribución de las áreas de recreación generando un adecuado aprovechamiento turístico de los recursos que posee el cantón Espejo y por ende ayudará a un desarrollo local, mejorando la calidad de vida y enfocándose a los planes de desarrollo nacionales. Brindando un servicio de calidad que pretenda abarcar la mayoría de las necesidades de los visitantes, atendiendo sus sugerencias y problemáticas, enfocadas en el aprovechamiento de los recursos turísticos existentes en el balneario y que brinde satisfacción al cliente. Por tal motivo se diseña una nueva distribución de las áreas de recreación del balneario para un adecuado aprovechamiento de los recursos turísticos, tomando en cuenta modelos de distribución de áreas de recreación, todo esto presente en un rediseño técnico administrativo con las nuevas tendencias actuales e innovadoras atractivas para los visitantes y turistas.