bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of briquette derived from Pterocarpus indicus leaves and rejected pineapples as inedible sources of renewable energy
Authors: Gotama Gabriel J. , Anggono Willyanto , Sutrisno  , Suprianto Fandi D. , Jonoadji Ninuk , Yulio Arifin F.X. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The previous studies have shown the potential of using Pterocarpus indicus leaves, which are wastes, as biomass material for briquette production. However, the use of tapioca as a binder may negatively affect the availability of food resources. An alternative to tapioca was proposed in this study by substituting it with rejected pineapples which are considered as wastes. Series of investigations were conducted to understand the potential of briquette made of Pterocarpus indicus leaves with rejected pineapple as the binder. The investigations included bomb calorimeter test to determine the proportion of biomass to the binder that generates the highest calorific value, the proximate and ultimate analyses, and the investigation of optimum particle size of biomass and condensing pressure related to the briquette’s combustion characteristics. The results showed that 95% biomass and 5% binder to have the largest calorific value of 4169.76 kcal kg−1. Results from both proximate and ultimate analyses endorse the use of rejected pineapple as a substitute for tapioca binder. Briquette with the optimal combustion characteristics was obtained with condensing pressure of 2 MPa and biomass size of 60 mesh (250 μm).
The potential of energy production and greenhouse gases emissions reduction of dairy farm biogas production
Authors: Wahyudi Jatmiko 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Dairy farming continues to grow in Indonesia as a result of high demand of meat and dairy products. On the one hand, dairy farming has the potential benefits for farmers, rural development and national food security. On the other hand, dairy farming generates the amount of waste causing adverse impact on environment. The uptake of biogas technology provides an effective method in managing waste as well producing sustainable energy. In addition, biogas technology has the potential to reduce greenhouse gases emissions due to dairy farming activities. Biogas adoption in dairy farming potentially prevents greenhouse gases emission through manure management and fuel substitution. This paper analysed emission reduction and energy production of 5 biogas digesters which is installed in dairy farming in Pati regency, Indonesia. Results show potential energy from all biogas digesters was estimated 266,286.6 MJ year−1 while greenhouse gases emissions reduction was estimated to be 0.084 GgCO2-eq. year−1 due to biogas utilization. The emission consisted of 0.028 GgCO2-eq.year−1 from manure storage and 0.084 GgCO2-eq.year−1 from fuel replacement. Producing less emission can be an indicator that biogas is a cleaner and more efficient method compared to previous methods used by farmers in managing waste as well as in using fuels.
The effect of ship replating welding process on floating conditions against strength value
Authors: Djumiati Andri , Zubaydi Achmad , Akbar Putra Wing Hendroprasetyo , Ismail Abdi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Ship replating is one of the important things in the process of ship maintenance. Ship replating can be done during docking and floating. The cooling rate of the welding process gave different effects on the mechanical properties of the material when the welding process is in a floating position and docking position. This research uses four variations in the distance between the weld groove lines and the water lines which were 30 mm, 60 mm, 100 mm, and 130 mm. This research also uses four variations in water temperature were 25°C, 28°C, 30°C and 32°C. The strength value of the variations will be compared to the strength value of dock welding. The results of tensile testing showed that there was a decrease in strength value at each increment of the water line spacing with weld groove lines and water temperature variations. Based on this research, welding in a floating condition with a minimum distance waterline and weld groove line of 30 mm, and the temperature of water between 25°C - 32°C can be applied in the field, because the strength value for all variations on this research satisfies by BKI (Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia) standards.
Minimization of thrust force and surface roughness during MQL coolant drilling on tool steel using BPNN-ACO
Authors: Norcahyo Rachmadi , Rokhmad Iqbal Faishal , Mahardika Muslim , Pramoedyo Soepangkat Bobby Oeddy , Robbany Fathi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The excessive thrust force that generated during the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) drilling process of tool steel can lower the hole surface quality. Hence, it is necessary to properly choose the combination of machining variables to minimize thrust force (TF) and hole surface roughness (HSR) simultaneously. This study underlines the modelling and minimizing the thrust force and hole surface roughness developed during MQL drilling process by integrating a backpropagation neural network (BPNN) method and ant colony optimization (ACO). The varied drilling parameters were type of drill bit, drill point angle, feeding speed, and cutting speed. The optimum BPNN architecture could be obtained by using 4-20-2 network architecture with tansig activation function. The optimum MQL drilling parameters that can minimize TF and HSR simultaneously were HSS M2 drill bit, 107° of drill point angle, 0.045 mm/rev of feeding speed and 36 m/min of cutting speed.
Water jet characteristics in SS400 steel cutting process on surface roughness
Authors: Tamjidillah Mastiadi , Subagyo Rachmat , Ghofur Abdul , Irawansyah Herry 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The metal cutting process is the first step before the machining process is carried out so that the raw material in the form of sheet plates is designed according to the size planned for the manufacturing process. This cutting process is a high-speed type that takes into account the type of coolant at each parameter setting. So it is necessary to cut the sheet according to the drawing by adjusting the variation of the flow rate of water, pump pressure, nozzle cross-sectional area, and the type of water quality. The parameter setting of the cutting process is carried out to obtain various surface roughness results. By using a water jet cutting machine for the cutting process SS400 steel with a thickness of 12 mm in the cold process reduces the thermal effect and reduces the conductivity, HAZ in the cutting process with parameter settings. By using different types of water quality (mineral water and clean water) to get optimal surface roughness, avoid overheating, minimize waste chips and at the same time be environmentally friendly. With water jet technology, you can get good surface roughness for mineral water and clean water. Variations of stand-off-distance 8, 10, 12 mm, (clean water) fluid velocity of 300 m s−1 and pump pressure of 50,000 psi on the turbulent flow Re 4000 gets the optimum results on the surface roughness test, which is 3.45 µm. For the variation of stand-off-distance 8 mm,10 mm and 12 mm, (mineral water) fluid velocity of 300 m s−1 get the optimum result on the surface roughness test which is 3.69 µm.
Modified down sprue and sprue well to improve die casting quality of Sn-Pb alloy
Authors: Risonarta Victor Yuardi , Anggono Juliana , Nugrowibowo Setyo , Wibowo Albert , Utomo Fendy 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Strategies to improve quality of gravity die casting for Sn-Pb alloy are outlined here by modifying the mould’s gating system, i.e. mainly the down sprue and the sprue well. Analysis based on the experimental work of 27 casting products delivers a promising result for industrial application. Quantitative analysis of porosity defect in this work was based on density analysis. The investigation of the effect of down sprue design on the casting defects was worked out through the variation of tapered down sprue by one degree and two degrees. From the density analysis, the two degrees tapered down sprue results in then less porosity defect. Meanwhile, the highest density was identified at 50 mm, when radius of the down sprue was investigated at 0 mm, 5 mm and 100 mm. Finally, the investigation for sprue well radius of 0 mm, 50 mm, and 100 mm shows that the best sprue well radius related to the highest metal density occurs at a radius of 50 mm.
Heuristic methods for job shop scheduling: Active schedule generation algorithm, non-delay schedule generation algorithm and heuristic schedule generation algorithm
Authors: Arul Zaini M. , Kurniawati Dwi Agustina 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
PT. Multi Citra Busana is one of the knitting material convection companies that has a good local scale marketing area where production scheduling is usually done based on the order of arrival of orders or first come first serve (FCFS). As a result, there are still some schedules that are not precise, causing a large make-span. In observations made on 5 products, the company requires a total production time (make-span) of 11 hours 54 minutes in completing production activities. In this research, scheduling evaluation is conducted to minimize make-span using the Active Schedule Generation algorithm, Non-delay Schedule Generation and Heuristic Schedule Generation algorithm The approach used is to use a quantitative-comparative approach, namely research that compiles the calculation process to make comparisons between the results of the actual process with these methods. Through the Active Schedule Generation algorithm method, the value of make-span is 6 hours 26 minutes. Through the Non-delay Schedule Generation algorithm method, the value of make-span is 7 hours 1 minute. The Heuristic Schedule Generation algorithm method produces the smallest make-span value with a value of 6 hours 1 minute. Based on the comparison of the make-span values of the three methods used, it was concluded that the Heuristic Schedule Generation algorithm produced the smallest make-span valued at 20184.27 seconds or 6 hours 3 minutes shorter than the method applied by the company. Therefore, the Heuristic Schedule Generation algorithm method was chosen as the best method and can be applied in the company to minimize the make-span.
A simulation model of shipment planning and storage capacity for wheat material
Authors: Salo Lery A , Vanany I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Logistic cost and product availability are major issue in low value commodity industries such as wheat. Logistic cost and product availability affected by shipment planning and storage capacity. In this paper the effect of various factors on total costs and service level of a distribution system are investigated. The objective of this paper is to find alternative ways to reduce the logistic cost while still maintaining an acceptable service level. This research develops a simulation model of wheat transportation and distribution using ships in a large flour company. The system consists of silos at the plant, three depot and one plant. Several scenarios are developed, each factors are evaluated in terms of shipment costs and service level. Based on the simulation result, factor 2 appear to have the most substantial impacts on both total costs and service level. This paper brings an important recommendation to the company as well as insight for maritime logistics in general. Cost is a very important competitive factor for bulk items like wheat, and thus the proposed scenarios could be implemented by the company for increase the service level and decrease the distribution cost.
K-means clustering on quality of radial run out tires
Authors: Biantoro B. , Hernadewita  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The tire industry entered the era of industrial revolution (IR) 4.0. The process of tire production with electronic transactions produces big data that can be exploited in solving quality problems. Stratification techniques commonly used in big data conditions are less effective in mapping product quality conditions. Data handling and subjectivity in product quality classification are inhibitory factors in exploiting data. K means easy grouping of calculations and implementation can be used to map product quality. Radial runs out tire quality using K-mean clustering and elbow method validation shows that the optimum conditions for clustering the radial quality of exhaust tires are three groups. Each group is related to the construction of tires, i.e. radial outlets located at tread splices, sidewall splices and BEC splices. The priority to improve the quality of radial depletion can be suggested through quality mapping based on the results of K-mean cluster analysis, especially on BEC components. The results of the repairs show that the radial value of running out of tires decreased by 12.5%.
Forecasting technology trends based on separation of product inventions and process inventions: The technology S-curve
Authors: Masuda Koji , Haruyama Shigeyuki 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study examines a method of categorising inventions into product inventions and process inventions. Corporate research and development (R&D) projects must be set up to create innovation so that companies can grow sustainably. The visualisation of market and technology trends can help companies develop competitive strategies. To investigate technology trends, the projector is selected as a product for analysis. The technology S-curve is drawn from the perspectives of ‘Product’ and ‘Process’. There is a gap in the rise time and an observable difference in shape between the curves of product inventions and process inventions.
Band tailoring by annealing and current conduction of Co-doped ZnO transparent resistive switching memory
Authors: Panda Debashis , Simanjuntak Firman Mangasa , Pradhan Alaka , Gapsari Femiana , Prodromakis Themis 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The switching characteristics of ITO/Zn1-xCoxO/ITO transparent resistive random access memories were studied. 5 mol% cobalt doped ZnO resistive layer improves bipolar switching properties. In addition, the redshift in band energy caused by doping of cobalt (Co) was studied. The doped memory device also showed a change in band energy by 0.1 eV when subjected to annealing of 400 °C. Annealing below 400 °C temperature did not show any characteristic changes. The film morphology analysis suggested the increase in roughness with annealing temperature, which can be seen from FESEM and AFM images. In this study annealing and Co doping effect on ZnO based non-volatile memory device is presented. Moreover, transparent memory devices with 90% transmittance at 550 nm wavelength have been reported. At low field and high field region Schottky emission and ionic conduction are dominated respectively.
Effect of the orientation carbon-glass fiber reinforced polyester composite on bending strength for runner foot prosthesis applications
Authors: Irfa’i Mochamad Arif , Dzulkiflih  , Ismail Rifky , Ganda Andita N. F 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
An alternative way for increasing the strength of the runner’s prosthesis is by utilize the direction of fiber orientation. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of the orientation carbon-glass fiber reinforced composite on its bending strength. The main materials used in this study are carbon and glass fiber. The independent variable in this study is the direction of fiber orientation (0°, 45°, 90°, 0°/90°/0° and 90°/0°/90o). The dependent variables in this study are the bending strength and fracture micro photographs. This study is controlled by the method of manufacturing composites with vacuum assisted resin infusion (VARI) and unsaturated polyester yukalac® 157 BQTN-EX with a density of 1.12 g cm−3. Polyester composite are reinforced with carbon and glass fiber with varying fiber orientation. Each composite was reinforced carbon-glass fiber with orientation 0°, 45°, 90°, 0°/90°/0° and 90°/0°/90°. The results showed that the bending strength of composite reinforced carbon glass fiber with orientation of 0°, 45°, 90°, 0°/90°/0° and 90°/0°/90° respectively 1.32 MPa, 1.65 MPa, 0.93 MPa, 1.25 MPa and 4.46 MPa. While, the deflection values for composites reinforced carbon glass fiber with orientation of 0°, 45°, 90°, 0°/90°/0° and 90°/0°/90° respectively 9.65 mm, 8.7 mm, 13.45 mm, 10.59 mm and 3.83 mm. The lowest bending strength occurs in carbon-glass fiber reinforced composites with fiber orientation 90° is 0.93 MPa with the deflection of 13.45 mm. The highest bending strength occurs in carbon-glass fiber reinforced composites with fiber orientation 90°/0°/90° is 4.46 MPa with a deflection of 3.83 mm. The results of fracture testing using scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed mixed failure due to delamination and fiber pull out.
Effect of ball mill process and resin to compression strength of lava stone composite
Authors: Aminnudin  , Suryanto Heru , Aji Pradana Yanuar Rohmat , Rudiyanto Eddy 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Lava stone is a stone produced from a volcano. Mixing lava rock powder and resin will produce a new material, lava stone composite. The mechanical properties of lava rock composites differ from those of the constituent materials. These lava rock composites will be used as armor on military vehicles. The resin content used was 25, 30 and 35% while the lava stone powder was grinding with a ball mill for 3, 4.5 and 6 hours. Ball mill jar used have a capacity of 350 ml made of stainless steel. The ball used is made of ytria with diameters 10 and 5 mm the total of Ytria balls used are 10 mm were 78 pcs and 5 mm were 348 pcs. Composites that have the highest compression strength are composites with 35% resin and lava stone powder which is grinding at 6 hours. The most ductile composites is composites with 30% and lava stone powder which grinding at 4.5 hours The most suitable composites used to withstand shock loads are composites with 30% resin and lava stone powder grinding with a ball mill for 4.5 hours.
Modification of SS 304 using semi automatic sandblasting for improvement of roughness and grade quality
Authors: Raharjo Rudianto , Avianty Titan Evida , Widodo Teguh Dwi , Kusumaningsih Haslinda 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to discover the effect of pressure and spraying angle to surface roughness and flatness of stainless steel SUS304 after the sandblasting process. In this study, the variation of the compressor pressure were 4, 5, and 6 bar, while spraying angles were 45°, 60° dan 90°. Silica sand was used as the abrasive particles, which is sprayed onto the specimen surface. The size of silica sand was 200-300 µm. While, the sprayer feedrate was 5 cm min−1 and the distance between nozzle and specimen surface was 15 cm. There were two of spraying methods, i.e., one side spraying and two sides spraying with the same pressure and spraying angle in both sides. Both spraying methods were conducted by using the support of DIY CNC equipment. The roughness test only conducted on the specimen with one side spraying. It gives the result of a higher spraying pressure increased the roughness value due to a bigger sand collision force and more sand mass that collide the surface. The sandblasting process was resulted the presence of compressive residual stress and surface elongation that caused the material become warp and producing a deflection angle. The deflection angle indicates the surface flatness quality of a material, where a smaller deflection angle means better quality of surface flatness and vice versa. Too big of a deflection angle requires a further process. This study analyzed the comparison of one side spraying and two sides spraying with the same spraying variables on both sides. It is discovered that two sides spraying produced a better surface flatness.
Influence of surface roughness on corrosion behaviour of 316L stainless steel in artificial saliva and body fluid
Authors: Ganda Andita N.F. , Wijaya H. , Dewi Fransisca G.U. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe influence of surface roughness on the corrosion behaviour of 316L stainless steel in artificial saliva and body fluid was investigated in this study. Potentiodynamic polarization and EDAX composition test were used for observing the passive layer activity. The quality difference on steel 316LSS in saliva and blood may cause difference on the formation of passive layer. The result shows that the scratch formation which got rougher caused the uneven distribution of passive layer on the surface which caused the passive layer protection not optimum.
An experimental study of tensile properties and vibration absorption characteristic of ground tire rubber (GTR )/HDPE waste: Effect of temperature and heating time.
Authors: Arsyad Hairul , Arma Lukmanul Hakim , Syahid Muhammad , Khalid Muhammad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
HDPE is type plastic that is often found as after use containers in a large number, is disposed of as waste that pollutes the environment. Likewise with rubber waste which is also often found in landfills such as used tires. This research utilizes HDPE waste and used tires which are then combined as a test sample for mechanical testing and vibration test. 30% of rubber powder and 70% of HDPE powder were mixed and put into metal molds and then pressured at 8.5 Mpa. The size of rubber powder and HDPE have the same size that is equal to mesh 45. The samples in pressurized molds are heated to 140°C and 180°C with variation in heating time are 10 minutes, 15 minutes, and 20 minutes, respectively. After that, tensile testing and vibration testing are carried out on the sample. Microstructure observations were carried out using LSM (laser scanning microscope). For vibration testing, the sample is used as a damper material placed between the electric motor and the supporting plate. The results showed that increasing the heating temperature tends to decrease the tensile strength but increased the strain at the break slightly. Finally, the vibration test shows a decrease in vibration displacement with the use of HDPE/GTR as damper material. The lowest value of peak to peak of vibration amplitude obtained in 180°C heating temperature and 10 minutes of heating time.
Analysis of crack length and life flight cycle in center wing lower surface skin access hole aircraft with DCRACK software
Authors: Aisyah Iis Siti , Putra Handika Rachmansyah , Mulyono  , Sukarniyati Sri 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
One of the problems in the aviation world is that accidents are increasing. The increase in incidents and accidents can be caused by several factors including human error, weather conditions, and failure of the structure / component of the aircraft. Accidents that occur from failure factors, one of which is caused by cracks that occur in the structure due to continuous loading which does not become more attention until the failure. In this final project an analysis of damage tolerance is carried out at the Wing Centre, Lower Surface and Skin Access Hole locations. The choice of location is because aircraft wings are the most important component in aircraft control while operating. Damage tolerance analysis is carried out as an effort to minimize failures in aircraft structures due to cracks that arise. Damage tolerance analysis is done by giving load in the form of an aircraft wing, then an analysis of the growth of crack length that occurs due to loading. The result of damage tolerance analysis will be obtained crack length, aircraft flight life cycle, and critical crack value. And in this study will also bring up a recommendation that is the right time to do the inspection interval.