bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does hot and dry equal more wildfire? Contrasting short‐ and long‐term climate effects on fire in the Sierra Nevada, CA
Authors: Kennedy Maureen C. , Bart Ryan R. , Tague Christina L. , Choate Janet S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractClimate and wildfire are closely linked. Climate regulates wildfire directly over short timescales through its effect on fuel aridity and indirectly over long timescales through vegetation productivity and the structure and abundance of fuels. Prediction of future wildfire regimes in a changing climate often uses empirical studies that presume current relationships between short‐term climate variables and wildfire activity will be stationary in the future. This is problematic because landscape‐scale wildfire dynamics exhibit non‐stationarity, with both positive and negative feedback loops that operate at different temporal and spatial scales. This requires that such feedbacks are accommodated in a model framework from which wildfire dynamics are emergent rather than pre‐specified. We use a new model, RHESSys‐WMFire, that integrates ecohydrology with fire spread and effects to simulate a 60‐yr time series of vegetation, fuel development, and wildfire in a 6572‐ha watershed in the Southern Sierra Nevada, USA, with a factorial design of increased temperature and severe drought. All climate scenarios had an initial pulse of elevated area burned associated with high temperature, low precipitation, and high fine fuel loading. There were positive correlations between annual area burned and mean annual maximum temperature and negative correlations with annual precipitation, consistent with understood direct effects of climate on wildfire in this system. Decreased vegetation productivity and increased fine fuel decomposition were predicted with increased temperature, resulting in long‐term reduced fine fuels and area burned relative to baseline. Repeated extreme drought increased area burned relative to baseline and over the long‐term had substantially reduced overstory biomass. Overstory biomass was resilient to repeat wildfire under baseline climate. The model system predicts that the short‐term direct effects of climate on wildfire can differ from long‐term indirect effects such that the simple maxim hotter/drier equals more wildfire can be both true and false, depending on scale.
Historical floras reflect broad shifts in flowering phenology in response to a warming climate
Authors: Auffret Alistair G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOrganisms across the globe are experiencing shifts in phenological events as a result of ongoing climate change. Recently, a variety of novel methods have been applied in order to fill gaps in the phenological data set, in which records often have a patchy temporal, spatial, and/or taxonomic resolution. Here, I tested whether changes in flowering phenology could be detected through the months of flowering stated in 11 guides to the Swedish flora published over a period of 220 yr (1798–2018), focussing on 241 plant species (approximately 8% of the Swedish flora), and accounting for the large increase in herbarium records that have occurred over the same period. Despite the coarse, monthly scale of flowering times reported, historical floras and wildflower guides may hold potential to fill temporal and taxonomic gaps in the plant phenological data set. However, factors other than climate may also influence any apparent phenological shifts over time. Here, flowering was found to start earlier (0.49 d/decade), end later (0.71 d/decade), and carry on longer (1.19 d/decade), with flowering length also associated with increases in the regional temperature anomaly during the 20th century (0.11 months/°C). First flowering occurring earlier in 71% of species (14% showing a significant negative trend), 68% of species ceased flowering later (20%), and 80% flowered for longer (29%). Detected phenological shifts also appeared to be related to species’ flowering seasonality. Later‐flowering species were found to flower later and for longer, while increasing temperatures appeared to drive stronger responses both in flowering onset in early‐flowering species and in flowering cessation in later‐flowering species. Although potential issues exist regarding the largely unknown ways by which authors have determined flowering times and the coarseness of the data, historical floras may be a useful resource in phenological and climate change research, with the potential to both identify and compare the broad climatic responses of a region’s entire flora over long time periods, as well as filling gaps in an otherwise patchy data set.
Conditioned pain modulation and pain sensitivity in functional somatic disorders: The DanFunD study
Authors: Petersen Marie Weinreich , Skovbjerg Sine , Jensen Jens Søndergaard , Wisbech Carstensen Tina Birgitte , Dantoft Thomas Meinertz , Fink Per , Benros Michael Eriksen , Mortensen Erik Lykke , Jørgensen Torben , Gormsen Lise Kirstine 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDisrupted pain regulation has been proposed as a component in functional somatic disorders (FSD). The objective of this study was to examine a general population sample, encompassing three delimitations of FSD while assessing pain sensitivity and conditioning pain modulation (CPM).MethodsPressure pain thresholds (PPTs) at the tibialis and trapezius muscles were recorded at baseline. During cold pressor stimulation of the hand, the tibialis PPTs were re‐assessed and the difference from baseline measures defined the CPM effect. Participants (n = 2,198, 53% females) were randomly selected from the adult Danish population. FSD was established by self‐reported symptom questionnaires.ResultsWith a few exceptions, only weak associations were seen between PPTs and CPM in cases with FSD (p > .1). A high PPT was associated with lower odds of having multi‐organ bodily distress syndrome (ORPPT trapezius: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.49–0.88, p = .005), with the symptom profile characterized by all symptoms (ORPPT trapezius: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.58–0.90, p = .003 and ORPPT tibialis: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.62–0.91, p = .004), and with multiple chemical sensitivity (ORPPT trapezius: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.67–0.97, p = .022). High CPM was associated with high odds of having irritable bowel (ORCPM relative: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.04–1.43, p = .013 and ORCPM absolute = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.07–6.45, p = .033).ConclusionHowever, only PPT measured over the trapezius muscle were still significant after correction for multiple testing for the symptom profile characterized by all symptoms. Findings from this study do not support altered pain regulation in questionnaire‐based FSD which is in contrast with the existing presumption. Further epidemiological studies in this field are needed.SignificanceDisrupted pain regulation as measured by abnormal pain thresholds has been hypothesized as a central mechanism in Functional Somatic Disorders (FSD). The hypothesis has been raised in clinical setting where patients presented subjective and objective features of hypersensitivity. The present population‐based study does not support this notion. This points to the importance of further studies into the underlying pathophysiology mechanisms of FSD.
A synopsis of Nimmo’s Croton (Euphorbiaceae: Crotoneae) including an overlooked new species from India
Authors: Dhabak Maniruddin R. , Chaudhari Rushabh B. , Bramhadande Sneha P. , Nandikar Mayur D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGraham’s posthumous publication (Cat. Pl. Bombay, 1839) was completed by Joseph Nimmo, in addition to contributing several new species in it. Croton gibsonianus Nimmo and C. lawianus Nimmo (Euphorbiaceae) were part of this addition, and both were described based on Gibson’s collection from adjoining localities in the Western India. As the diagnosis of the latter species was scant, it was subsequently interpreted in different genera viz. Dimorphocalyx, Trigonostemon and Tritaxis. Due to misinterpretation of the protologue and Gibson’s Croton collection housed at K, the name C. lawianus was wrongly applied to C. gibsonianus by subsequent authors. This inadvertent application of name is corrected here and referred to the hitherto undescribed new species C. chakrabartyi. Our recent collection of C. gibsonianus has turned out to be a rediscovery after 170 years. The nomenclature, description, photographs, and distribution of C. gibsonianus are provided to avoid further taxonomic ambiguity.
Migrating dunes and restinga vegetation in Piauí, northeastern Brazil: The dominance of wild cashew trees (Anacardium occidentale)
Authors: Souza Ruanna Thaimires Brandão , Mayo Simon Joseph , de Andrade Ivanilza Moreira 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDifferences resulting from the passage of migrating dunes in coastal restinga vegetation in Ilha Grande, Piauí, Brazil were quantified, especially differential survival of tree species (wild Anacardium occidentale, cajuí; Byrsonima crassifolia, muricí) and successional floristic reestablishment. A phytosociological study totalling 108 quadrats (1.08 ha) and satellite images of the area from the past 16 years were used to examine the vegetation of the upwind tracks of two mobile dunes. Quadrats were arranged in four transects along the central and marginal residual ridges of each dune. Most species recorded were herbaceous. Satellite images suggest that plants along the central dune track are buried for approximately 14 years. Some evidence for progressive re‐establishment of woody species was found in the central dune track areas, but not in the marginal areas. No successional patterns were observed in the herbs and subshrubs. Most trees occur along the marginal (longitudinal) residual ridges. Anacardium occidentale and Byrsonima crassifolia predominated among tree species. Anacardium occidentale predominated in abundance, cover, frequency and basal area and survives partial burial when located at the dune track margins. The passage of migratory dunes is important for long term maintenance of the economically important cajuí and muricí populations of Ilha Grande.
Black clayey soil (Vertisol) in the Lerma valley, Michoacán, North‐Central Mexico: A hint of the environmental and cultural changes during the Late Classic period?
Authors: Solleiro‐Rebolledo Elizabeth , Darras Véronique , Sedov Sergey , Vargas‐Rodríguez Daniela , García‐Zeferino Thania , Leonard Daniel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCatastrophic events (climatic, tectonic, volcanic, etc.) frequently cause geomorphological instability, which interrupts normal pedogenesis and switches the processes of surface erosion and/or sedimentation. These processes have an effect on the distribution of ancient settlements and can be the cause of the abandonment of cities. In the Lerma Valley, particularly in the Tres Mezquites area, surveys and extensive excavations have been conducted to estimate the nature and density of pre‐Hispanic settlements on the alluvial plain and in the piedmonts. Most of the archaeological structures are covered by dark clayey soils (Vertisols). This includes the PA3_El Pitayo site, where an accumulation of black earth has been detected on the floors and walls of a collapsed building. We have studied in detail the Vertisols and the black earth around the site to establish to what extent this dark earth is an in situ product of the soil‐forming factors, or if its accumulation is due to erosion/sedimentation processes, which could affect the occupation of the site, or the result of anthropic activity for leveling. The Vertisols and the dark earth are characterized by different means (physical, chemical, micromorphology, clay mineralogy, and radiocarbon dating). The results show that both the Vertisols and the black earth are very clayey, with angular blocky structures and slickensides (properties that are typical of vertic soils), and smectite as the main clay mineral. Besides smectite, under the microscope, a high amount of fresh volcanic glass is identified, suggesting that volcanism could be responsible for the abandonment of the study site. However, there are no known volcanic events related to the age of abandonment. As a consequence, we consider that landslides triggered by seismic activity/climatic events impacted the settlement.
Tele‐antimicrobial stewardship programs: A review of the literature and the role of the pharmacist
Authors: Andrzejewski Christina , McCreary Erin K. , Khadem Tina , Abdel‐Massih Rima C. , Bariola J. Ryan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAntimicrobial overuse and multidrug‐resistant pathogens are growing problems throughout the United States, yet most counties in the United States lack access to infectious diseases (ID) expertise. Developing an effective antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) is challenging for many health care institutions, especially rural, community, and critical access hospitals with limited access to specialty care. Pharmacists are instrumental for the success of ASPs and pharmacy expertise is a requirement to meet federal ASP standards. Antimicrobial stewardship guidelines suggest telehealth consultation as an acceptable alternative to in‐person availability of an ID physician‐pharmacist team and encourage facilities to consider creative solutions for optimizing antimicrobial use. As a result, an understanding of successful telemedicine and tele‐ASP (TASP) models as a sustainable option is crucial. Data on existing TASP models, the role of clinical pharmacy services in TASPs, and future directions are herein described. Existing data on TASP are organized into three main categories of fully remote, integrated, or collaborative TASP models. TASPs may be led by remote ID physicians and/or ID‐trained clinical pharmacists within an affiliated health system or from an unaffiliated private practice, health system, or private telehealth entity. The on‐site stewardship pharmacist champion has a vital role in the success of many of the TASP models described by building trusting relationships with prescribers and key stakeholders, facilitating uptake of interventions and acceptance of the TASP, and ensuring timely therapy changes for patients. Future targets for TASP research should include TASP efforts in critical access hospitals and nonacute settings, the specific role of technology and clinical decision support software tools in TASP to improve and enhance pharmacist impact, and further descriptions of TASP models that improve patient‐centered outcomes.
A novel substrate based on electrospun polyurethane nanofibers and electrosprayed polyvinyl alcohol microparticles for recombinant human erythropoietin delivery
Authors: Ghanbari Elmira , Solouk Atefeh , Mehdinavaz Aghdam Rouhollah , Haghbin Nazarpak Masoumeh , Ahmadi Tafti Seyed Hossein 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAfter myocardial infarction caused by a heart attack, endothelial cells need to be preserved in order to regenerate new capillaries. Moreover, sufficient mechanical support is necessary for the infarcted myocardium to pump the blood. Herein, we designed a novel substrate containing polyurethane (PU) nanofibrous layers and recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO)‐loaded microparticles for both controlled releases of rhEPO and mechanical support of myocardium. In this system, the single‐layer (SL) and double‐layer (DL) PU nanofibers were electrospun, and then microparticles with different rhEPO:polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) ratios were electrosprayed on the layers. The in vitro release behavior of rhEPO from SL substrates was not satisfactory, and then the study focused on DL patches in which the release profile was in accordance with Korsmeyer–Peppas model. The release exponent of 0.89 for the DL PU/120PVA:1rhEPO represented zero‐order release. The results inferred that these substrates possessed highly tailored mechanical properties; Young's modulus and ultimate tensile strength of the substrates were 74–172 kPa and 7.4–9.9 MPa, respectively. The rhEPO release from the substrates was leading to the proper adhesion of endothelial cells and more than 95% cell viability. The results indicated that the patch of elastic nanofibers and microparticles offered a potential substrate for simultaneous rhEPO delivery to endothelial cells and also mechanically supporting the infarcted myocardium.
Retinoic acid‐conjugated chitosan/manganese porphyrin ionic‐complex nanoparticles for improved T1 contrast MR imaging of hepatic fibrosis
Authors: Tran Hoa Phuong , Jiang Yixin , Nguyen Phuong Hong , Kim Jung Joo , Yang Su‐Geun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNoninvasive and precise diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis is very important for the preventive therapeutic regimen of hepatic cirrhosis and cancer. In this study, we fabricated T1 contrast Mn‐porphyrin (MnTPPS4)/retinoic acid‐chitosan ionic‐complex nanoparticles (MRC NPs). The functional properties of MRC NPs were evaluated via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging, release study, cytotoxicity assay, hepatocyte‐specific uptake assay, and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging study. TEM images confirmed the typical structure of an ionic‐complex NPs with around 100–200 nm of diameter. MnTPPS4 is released from MRC NPs for up to 24 hr in controlled pattern which implies that more reliable and convenient hepatic MR imaging is possible using of MRC NPs in clinical practice. Hepatocytes uptake assay proved retinoic acid‐specific targeting of MRC NPs. The same results were observed in animal pharmacokinetic studies. In vitro MR phantom study, MRC NPs showed an increased T1 relaxivity (r1 = 6.772 mM−1 s−1) in comparison with 3.242 mM−1 s−1 of MnTPPS4. The result was confirmed again in vivo MR imaging studies. Taken together, MRC NPs displayed a potential for noninvasive diagnostic T1 MR imaging of hepatic fibrosis with improved target specificity and prolonged MR imaging time window.
One‐step simple green method to prepare carbon‐doped graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for boosting visible‐light photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline
Authors: Shi Yuxing , Li Lingling , Xu Zheng , Sun Haoran , Guo Feng , Shi Weilong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDGraphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) is a rising star amongst semiconductor photocatalysts. However, rapid recombination of electron–hole pairs and poor visible‐light absorption seriously limit its practical applications in photocatalysis.RESULTSA carbon (C)‐doped g‐C3N4 (C‐CN) photocatalyst was prepared by a simple one‐step thermal polymerization for the degradation of high‐concentration tetracycline (TC) under visible light irradiation. In particular, the C‐CN‐5 sample had the best TC (30 mg L–1) degradation effect, reaching 77% within 60 min.CONCLUSIONThe photocatalytic performance of C‐CN was enhanced for two main reasons: (i) the doping of C enhances the visible light absorption capacity of g‐C3N4 and (ii) introduction of C promotes higher charge separation efficiency of g‐C3N4. In addition, the reduced toxicity of degraded products of TC over as‐prepared C‐CN photocatalyst was confirmed by a bean sprout cultivation experiment. This work provides a useful design idea for the synthesis of C‐doped g‐C3N4 through a simple and green route. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Pharmacist intervention lowers HgbA1c in diabetic patients regardless of HIV status
Authors: Nelson Noelle E. , Hluhanich Rebecca M. , Wilson Machelle , Fine Jeffrey 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite the higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) co‐morbidity in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), little research has been done into the ability to meet glycemic targets in HIV‐positive patients versus HIV‐negative patients. More studies are needed to address whether the management of T2DM in patients with co‐morbid HIV is more complex in terms of reaching guideline‐directed glycemic target endpoints compared to the management of T2DM in patients without HIV. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference in glycemic control between HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative patients when managed by a clinical pharmacist in a federally qualified health center (FQHC).AimThe aim of this research was to compare glycaemic control in HIV‐positive patients on antiretroviral therapy to HIV‐negative patients following pharmacist interventions.MethodsThis retrospective observational cohort study conducted at a FQHC included adults with type II diabetes mellitus who attended at least two clinical pharmacy appointments between 1 January 2018 and 31 July 2019. Exclusion criteria included missing pre‐ or post‐haemoglobin A1c (HgbA1c) values, type 1 diabetes, pregnancy, breastfeeding, deceased, or untreated HIV. The primary endpoint was change in HgbA1c from baseline to month 3. Secondary endpoints were change in HgbA1c at 6, 9, and 12 months, and time to goal. Additional endpoints included changes in number of anti‐diabetic agents, blood pressure, body mass index, hypoglycaemic events, percent of patients on a sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT‐2) inhibitor or glucagon‐like peptide (GLP‐1) agonist. This study was exempt from the University of California, Davis Institutional Review Board as a continuous quality improvement study. Seventy‐eight patients were included, 17 of whom were HIV‐positive.ResultsAt 3 months, HgbA1c was reduced by −1.7% and –1.2% (P = 0.31) for HIV‐positive and ‐negative patients, respectively. In the pooled cohort, HgbA1c was reduced from baseline at all time points, and 24% of patients achieved HgbA1c below 7.0%. The number of antidiabetic medications remained unchanged or was decreased in 60% of patients.ConclusionThe study demonstrated clinically important HgbA1c reductions without increasing the medication burden in most patients. There was no significant difference in glycaemic management between HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative patients.
A novel ternary approach to quantitatively assess the reactivity of nitroaniline regioisomers by investigation of rapid iodination kinetics using hydrodynamic voltammetry, reduction propensities from polarography, and binding affinities from molecular docking simulations
Authors: Borkar Vitthal T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA novel ternary approach to assess the reactivity of nitroaniline regioisomers on a quantitative scaffold has been manifested on the basis of three complementary tenets: kinetics, polarography, and molecular docking. Data from investigation of rapid iodination kinetics of nitroaniline regioisomers by hydrodynamic voltammetry in aqueous medium, reduction propensities of these regioisomers from polarography, and their binding affinities with hypoxanthine‐guanine phophoribosyltransferase (HPRT1) from molecular docking simulations lead to inferences regarding their reactivity that agree in entirety. The experimentally determined magnitudes of the specific reaction rates, energies of activation, collision frequencies, entropies of activation from kinetic studies, and reduction propensities of nitroaniline regioisomers from polarograms when complemented with in silico binding energies of these regioisomer ligands with the receptor enzyme, assess their relative reactivities in unison on a quantitative scaffold. This novel ternary approach unambiguously assesses the reactivity of the regioisomers of nitroaniline as 4‐nitroaniline > 2‐nitroaniline > 3‐nitroaniline.