bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single flap approach with or without enamel matrix derivative in the treatment of severe supraosseous defects: a retrospective study
Authors: Simonelli Anna , Minenna Luigi , Trombelli Leonardo , Farina Roberto 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Aim
To comparatively evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the single flap approach (SFA) with and without enamel matrix derivative (EMD) in the treatment of supraosseous defects (SDs) associated with deep pockets.

Materials and methods
Twenty patients, each contributing one SD associated with a deep (≥ 6 mm) pocket and treated with buccal SFA either alone (SFA group; n = 10) or in combination with EMD (SFA+EMD group; n =10), were retrospectively selected. Clinical parameters (probing depth, PD; clinical attachment level, CAL; gingival recession, REC) had been assessed at pre-surgery and 12 months post-surgery.

Results
Complete wound closure was observed in 70% and 80% of defects treated with SFA and SFA+EMD, respectively. Treatments resulted in a significant PD reduction of 3.1±1.0 mm (p=0.005). In SFA+EMD group, 100% of closed pockets was obtained, while 90% of closed pockets was observed in SFA group. Both treatments resulted in a significant CAL gain of 2.1±0.9 mm and 1.9±1.7 mm in SFA and SFA+EMD group, respectively (p= 0.465). In both groups, REC significantly increased 1.0±1.1 mm in SFA group and 1.1±1.1 mm in SFA+EMD group (p= 0.722).

Conclusions
Within their limits, the findings of present study suggest that SFA may represent a valuable option for the surgical treatment of SDs associated with deep pockets. EMD did not result in a significant clinical benefit to the procedure.

Clinical relevance
SFA may represent a valuable option in obtaining pocket closure when treating SDs associated with deep residual pockets.
Cooling tower plume abatement and plume modeling: a review
Authors: Li Shuo , Flynn M. R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractVisible plumes above wet cooling towers are of great concern due to the associated aesthetic and environmental impacts. The parallel path wet/dry cooling tower is one of the most commonly used approaches for plume abatement, however, the associated capital cost is usually high due to the addition of the dry coils. Recently, passive technologies, which make use of free solar energy or the latent heat of the hot, moist air rising through the cooling tower fill, have been proposed to minimize or abate the visible plume and/or conserve water. In this review, we contrast established versus novel technologies and give a perspective on the relative merits and demerits of each. Of course, no assessment of the severity of a visible plume can be made without first understanding its atmospheric trajectory. To this end, numerous attempts, being either theoretical or numerical or experimental, have been proposed to predict plume behavior in atmospheres that are either uniform versus density-stratified or still versus windy (whether highly-turbulent or not). Problems of particular interests are plume rise/deflection, condensation and drift deposition, the latter consideration being a concern of public health due to the possible transport and spread of Legionella bacteria.
Modelling the Inflation and Elastic Instabilities of Rubber-Like Spherical and Cylindrical Shells Using a New Generalised Neo-Hookean Strain Energy Function
Authors: Anssari-Benam Afshin , Bucchi Andrea , Saccomandi Giuseppe 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe application of a newly proposed generalised neo-Hookean strain energy function to the inflation of incompressible rubber-like spherical and cylindrical shells is demonstrated in this paper. The pressure ($P$
P
) – inflation ($\lambda $
λ
or $v$
v
) relationships are derived and presented for four shells: thin- and thick-walled spherical balloons, and thin- and thick-walled cylindrical tubes. Characteristics of the inflation curves predicted by the model for the four considered shells are analysed and the critical values of the model parameters for exhibiting the limit-point instability are established. The application of the model to extant experimental datasets procured from studies across 19th to 21st century will be demonstrated, showing favourable agreement between the model and the experimental data. The capability of the model to capture the two characteristic instability phenomena in the inflation of rubber-like materials, namely the limit-point and inflation-jump instabilities, will be made evident from both the theoretical analysis and curve-fitting approaches presented in this study. A comparison with the predictions of the Gent model for the considered data is also demonstrated and is shown that our presented model provides improved fits. Given the simplicity of the model, its ability to fit a wide range of experimental data and capture both limit-point and inflation-jump instabilities, we propose the application of our model to the inflation of rubber-like materials.
Comparative Analysis of Nonlinear Viscoelastic Models Across Common Biomechanical Experiments
Authors: Zhang Will , Capilnasiu Adela , Nordsletten David 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBiomechanical modeling has a wide range of applications in the medical field, including in diagnosis, treatment planning and tissue engineering. The key to these predictive models are appropriate constitutive equations that can capture the stress-strain response of materials. While most applications rely on hyperelastic formulations, experimental evidence of viscoelastic responses in tissues and new numerical techniques has spurred the development of new viscoelastic models. Classical as well as fractional viscoelastic formulations have been proposed, but it is often difficult from the practitioner perspective to identify appropriate model forms. In this study, a systematic examination of classical and fractional nonlinear isotropic viscoelastic models is presented (consider six primary forms). Consideration is given for common testing paradigms, including varying strain or stress loading and dynamic conditions. Models are evaluated across model parameter spaces to assess the range of behaviors exhibited in these different forms across all tests. Similarity metrics are introduced to compare thousands of models, with exemplars for each type of model presented to illustrate the response and behavior of different model variants. The parameter analysis does not only identify how the models can be tailored, but also informs on the model complexity and fidelity. These results illustrate where these common models yield physical and non-physical behavior across a wide range of tests, and provide key insights for deciding on the appropriate viscoelastic modeling formulations.
The Truth About Better Understanding?
Authors: Ross Lewis 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe notion of understanding occupies an increasingly prominent place in contemporary epistemology, philosophy of science, and moral theory. A central and ongoing debate about the nature of understanding is how it relates to the truth. In a series of influential contributions, Catherine Elgin has used a variety of familiar motivations for antirealism in philosophy of science to defend a non-factive theory of understanding. Key to her position are: (1) the fact that false theories can contribute to the upwards trajectory of scientific understanding, and (2) the essential role of inaccurate idealisations in scientific research. Using Elgin’s arguments as a foil, I show that a strictly factive theory of understanding has resources with which to offer a unified response to both the problem of idealisations and the role of false theories in the upwards trajectory of scientific understanding. Hence, strictly factive theories of understanding are viable notwithstanding these forceful criticisms.
A discrete version of Liouville’s theorem on conformal maps
Authors: Pinkall Ulrich , Springborn Boris 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLiouville’s theorem says that in dimension greater than two, all conformal maps are Möbius transformations. We prove an analogous statement about simplicial complexes, where two simplicial complexes are considered discretely conformally equivalent if they are combinatorially equivalent and the lengths of corresponding edges are related by scale factors associated with the vertices.
Dialectical Processes in Parent-child Relationships among Somali Families in Sweden
Authors: Osman Fatumo , Randell Eva , Mohamed Abdikerim , Sorbring Emma 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNon-voluntary migration has been demonstrated to have an impact on family relationships as a result of children acculturating to the host country faster than their parents. Studies have reported on immigrant parents’ perceptions of their parenting in host countries. However, less is known about how both children and parents view and make sense of their relationships in new contexts. This exploratory qualitative study aims to capture the dialectical processes in parent-child relationships among Somali families in Sweden. Data were collected using focus group discussions with youth (n = 47) and their parents (n = 33). The data were analysed using a thematic analysis. Two themes, each with three themes of their own, were identified from the analysis: finding a balance between hierarchical and egalitarian relationships and sharing of spaces. Youth and parents described different factors, including contextual changes, generational gaps, peer pressure and lack of a father figures, as affecting their relationships with each other and sometimes creating conflicts between them. Both perceived themselves as active agents in contributing to family life after migrating to Sweden. In general, the youth expressed their emotional needs, the motivations desired from their parents and their desire to be equally treated as sons and daughters. Overall, this study demonstrates that there is a need to offer immigrant families culturally tailored parenting support programmes, thereby strengthening parent-child relationships.
A COVID moonshot: assessment of ligand binding to the SARS-CoV-2 main protease by saturation transfer difference NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Kantsadi Anastassia L. , Cattermole Emma , Matsoukas Minos-Timotheos , Spyroulias Georgios A. , Vakonakis Ioannis 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological cause of the coronavirus disease 2019, for which no effective antiviral therapeutics are available. The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) is essential for viral replication and constitutes a promising therapeutic target. Many efforts aimed at deriving effective Mpro inhibitors are currently underway, including an international open-science discovery project, codenamed COVID Moonshot. As part of COVID Moonshot, we used saturation transfer difference nuclear magnetic resonance (STD-NMR) spectroscopy to assess the binding of putative Mpro ligands to the viral protease, including molecules identified by crystallographic fragment screening and novel compounds designed as Mpro inhibitors. In this manner, we aimed to complement enzymatic activity assays of Mpro performed by other groups with information on ligand affinity. We have made the Mpro STD-NMR data publicly available. Here, we provide detailed information on the NMR protocols used and challenges faced, thereby placing these data into context. Our goal is to assist the interpretation of Mpro STD-NMR data, thereby accelerating ongoing drug design efforts.
Epilepsy attacks recognition based on 1D octal pattern, wavelet transform and EEG signals
Authors: Tuncer Türker , Dogan Sengul , Naik Ganesh R. , Pławiak Paweł 
Published: April 2021

AbstractElectroencephalogram (EEG) signals have been generally utilized for diagnostic systems. Nowadays artificial intelligence-based systems have been proposed to classify EEG signals to ease diagnosis process. However, machine learning models have generally been used deep learning based classification model to reach high classification accuracies. This work focuses classification epilepsy attacks using EEG signals with a lightweight and simple classification model. Hence, an automated EEG classification model is presented. The used phases of the presented automated EEG classification model are (i) multileveled feature generation using one-dimensional (1D) octal-pattern (OP) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Here, main feature generation function is the presented octal-pattern. DWT is employed for level creation. By employing DWT frequency coefficients of the EEG signal is obtained and octal-pattern generates texture features from raw EEG signal and wavelet coefficients. This DWT and octal-pattern based feature generator extracts 128 × 8 = 1024 (Octal-pattern generates 128 features from a signal, 8 signal are used in the feature generation 1 raw EEG and 7 wavelet low-pass filter coefficients). (ii) To select the most useful features, neighborhood component analysis (NCA) is deployed and 128 features are selected. (iii) The selected features are feed to k nearest neighborhood classifier. To test this model, an epilepsy seizure dataset is used and 96.0% accuracy is attained for five categories. The results clearly denoted the success of the presented octal-pattern based epilepsy classification model.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting after Stress Relieving, Hot Isostatic Pressing Treatment, and Post-Heat Treatment
Authors: Eshawish Naeem , Malinov Savko , Sha Wei , Walls Patrick 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) is defined as a technology performed for tooling applications. It is used for manufacturing tools that have complex shapes and figures. In this study, an extensively applied Ti-6Al-4V alloy was made using the selective laser melting method. Post-production heat treatments were applied to decrease thermal stresses and to enhance the mechanical properties and the microstructure. The study investigates the fatigue mechanical properties, microstructure, hardness, and porosity of the AM Ti-6Al-4V after stress relieving (SR) and after SR followed by hot isostatic pressing (HIP). The samples’ upper and lower parts were independently examined to determine the effects of thermal conditions and the heat treatment of the microstructure. The microstructures were examined through optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction methods. The mechanical properties were investigated through microhardness testing, alongside assessment by fatigue testing at room temperature. The findings demonstrated that the microstructure after SR at 704 °C for 2 h is 100% fine martensitic α'-Ti, with a microhardness value of 408 HV. Air and furnace cooled samples have a more homogenous structure and are characterised by mixture (α + β) with microhardness values of 382 and 356 HV, respectively. After HIP at 920 °C and 100 MPa for 2 h was applied, the martensite was converted into a lamellar (α + β) microstructure, whereby the α phase is presented as fine needles situated among the β ridges in the microstructure, with the existence of the prior β grain boundary.
Use of digital healthcare solutions for care delivery during a pandemic-chances and (cyber) risks referring to the example of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kaiser Florian Klaus , Wiens Marcus , Schultmann Frank 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDuring pandemics, regular service provisioning processes in medical care may be disrupted. Digital health promises many opportunities for service provisioning during a pandemic. However, a broad penetration of medical processes with information technology also has drawbacks. Within this work, the authors use the COVID-19 pandemic to analyze the chances and the risks that may come with using digital health solutions for medical care during a pandemic. Therefore, a multi-methods approach is used. First we use a systematic literature review for reviewing the state of the art of digital health applications in healthcare. Furthermore, the usage of digital health applications is mapped to the different processes in care delivery. Here we provide an exemplary process model of oncological care delivery. The analysis shows that including digital health solutions may be helpful for care delivery in most processes of medical care provisioning. However, research on digital health solutions focuses strongly on some few processes and specific disciplines while other processes and medical disciplines are underrepresented in literature. Last, we highlight the necessity of a comprehensive risk-related debate around the effects that come with the use of digital healthcare solutions.
Annual, seasonal and monthly rainfall trend analysis in the Tafna watershed, Algeria
Authors: Bouklikha Afaf , Habi Mohammed , Elouissi Abdelkader , Hamoudi Saaed 
Published: April 2021

AbstractScientists, since a long time, have paid attention on climate change and, in particular, rainfall decrease. These changes have resulted in modifications of the rainfall regime in many Mediterranean regions. This work is based on monthly rainfall data from 17 stations located in the Tafna catchment (North West of Algeria). The study aim is to identify long-term (1970–2016) spatial and temporal trends in annual, seasonal and monthly precipitation, using the innovative trend analysis (ITA) method. The approach is used to classify trends into “low”, “medium”, “high”, which should be taken in consideration in future studies on floods (“high”) and drought (“low”). The monthly rainfall shows a decreasing trend in all studied stations (100% of stations) during February, March, April, and May, the same phenomenon observed in the majority of stations for June, July (82% of stations), and December (58% of stations). Seasonal analysis indicates a downward trend in winter and spring. Using annual rainfall, the stations located in the north, west and central part of the Tafna show a decrease in rainfall (59% of stations).
Antioxidant activity and short-chain fatty acid production of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Korean individuals and fermented foods
Authors: Kang Chang-Ho , Kim Jin-Seong , Park Hye Min , Kim Seonyoung , Paek Nam-Soo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCompounds of the cell walls of heat-killed lactic acid bacteria show immunomodulatory properties which boost immunological systems, and are used ad postbiotics (paraprobiotics). In this study, we used 17 different heat-killed isolates as postbiotics and evaluated their anti-inflammatory potential on the expression of proinflammatory mediators and cellular signaling pathways of murine macrophage, RAW 264.7 cells. Bifidobacterium bifidum MG731 showed the high 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity (90.6%), followed by Bifidobacterium lactis MG741 (59.6%). The Bi. lactis MG741 showed the high ABTS free radical scavenging activity (99.5%), followed by Lactobacillus plantarum MG989 (98.9%), Lactobacillus salivarius MG242 (97.1%), and Bi. bifidum MG731 (96.1%). In addition, Bi. bifidum MG731 showed the lowest nitric oxide production (4.28 µM), followed by B. lactis MG741 (10.80 µM), L. salivarius MG242 (14.60 µM), and L. plantarum MG989 (19.60 µM). The selected strains showed a decreased nitric oxide production via downregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase 2, which were upregulated via LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) including acetic, propionic, and butyric acid were produced by four strains. The Bi. bifidum MG731 showed total SCFAs production (4998.6 µg/g), Bi. lactis MG741 (2613.9 µg/g), L. salivarius MG242 (1456.1 µg/g), and L. plantarum MG989 (630.2 µg/g). These results indicated that the various selected strains may possess an anti-inflammatory potential and provide a molecular basis for the development of functional probiotics.
Invasive mechanical ventilation and clinical parameters in COVID19 patient: Can age be a factor?
Authors: Farzan Nina , Vahabi Sepideh , Hashemi Madani Shima Sadat , Farzan Behrooz 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
Severity of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID19) is presented with respiratory distress and requires mechanical ventilation. Advanced age is one of the significant risk factors of the worst prognosis and mortality in this disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical parameter among COVID19 patients under mechanical ventilation in regard to the age groups.

Method:
In this retrospective study, COVID19 patients under invasive mechanical ventilation at Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Qom were included. The patients were divided in two age groups, those aged ≥50 years and <50 years. Clinical parameter of these patients like blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation and body temperature were recorded at the time of mechanical ventilation and 24, 48 and 72 h under the mechanical ventilation.

Result:
A total of 317 patients were included in the study where 214 patients were over the age of 50 years and 98 were under 50 years. The mean age of patients was 59.71 ± 16.46 year. At the start of mechanical ventilation and 24, 48 and 72 h during the ventilation, blood pressure, pulse rate, rate of respiration, oxygen saturation, Glasgow coma scale and temperature were not significantly different at among the two age groups, p > 0.05, respectively.

Conclusions:
The findings of the study indicated that prognosis of COVID19 patients under invasive mechanical ventilation in terms of changes in clinical parameters might not be associated with the age.

Highlights
Exoplanets prediction in multiplanetary systems
Authors: Mousavi-Sadr M. , Gozaliasl G. , Jassur D.M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe present the results of a search for additional exoplanets in all multiplanetary systems discovered to date, employing a logarithmic spacing between planets in our Solar System known as the Titius–Bode (TB) relation. We use the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method and separately analyse 229 multiplanetary systems that house at least three or more confirmed planets. We find that the planets in$\sim 53\%$of these systems adhere to a logarithmic spacing relation remarkably better than the Solar System planets. Using the TB relation, we predict the presence of 426 additional exoplanets in 229 multiplanetary systems, of which 197 candidates are discovered by interpolation and 229 by extrapolation. Altogether, 47 predicted planets are located within the habitable zone of their host stars, and 5 of the 47 planets have a maximum mass limit of 0.1–2${\rm M}_{\oplus}$and a maximum radius lower than 1.25${\rm R}_{\oplus}$. Our results and prediction of additional planets agree with previous studies’ predictions; however, we improve the uncertainties in the orbital period measurement for the predicted planets significantly.
Is Kant among the Prophets? Hebrew Prophecy and German Historical Thought, 1880–1920
Authors: Kurtz Paul Michael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article examines the interpretation of Hebrew prophecy by German Protestant scholars in the era of 1880–1920. It argues, first, that Old Testament interpreters valued the prophets since they presented God as the guiding force behind human history and, second, that these theologians cum philologians saw the prophetic conception of history as anticipating their own understanding of God in the world. The inquiry bases this argument on a reading of numerous exegetes, both leading lights and forgotten figures. Moreover, it traces this interpretative tendency across a range of sources, including specialist studies, theological monthlies, political and literary journals, popular works, public speeches, and pedagogical literature. Rather than leave the prophets in the past, these exegetes also ushered them into the present, employing their historical teachings to shore up the Christian faith. In doing so, they identified Hebrew prophecy with German Protestantism and in contrast to Judaism.