bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of the economic burden of COVID-19 using Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and Productivity Losses in Kerala, India: A model based analysis
Authors: John Denny , Narassima M.S. , Menon Jaideep C , Jammy Guru Rajesh , Banerjee Amitava 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objectives: From the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, clinical practice and research, globally, have centered on the prevention of transmission and treatment of the disease. The pandemic has had a huge impact on the economy and stressed the healthcare systems worldwide. The present study estimates Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Years of Potential Productive Life Lost (YPPLL), and Cost of Productivity Lost (CPL) due to premature mortality and absenteeism, secondary to COVID-19 in Kerala state, India. Setting: Details on sociodemography, incidence, death, quarantine, recovery time, etc were derived from public sources and CODD-K for Kerala. The working proportion for 5-year age-gender cohorts and corresponding life expectancy were obtained from the Census of India 2011. Primary and secondary outcome measures: The impact of disease was computed through model based analysis on various age-gender cohorts. Sensitivity Analysis has been conducted by adjusting six variables across 21 scenarios. We present two estimates, one till November 15, 2020, and later updated till June 10, 2021. Results: Severity of infection and mortality were higher among the older cohorts, with males being more susceptible than females in most sub-groups. The DALYs for males and females were 15954.5 and 8638.4 till November 15, 2020, and 83853.0 and 56628.3 till June 10, 2021. The corresponding YPPLL were 1323.57 and 612.31 till November 15, 2020, and 6993.04 and 3811.57 till June 10, 2021 and CPL (premature mortality) were 263780579.94 and 41836001.82 till November 15, 2020, and 1419557903.76 and 278275495.29 till June 10, 2021. Conclusions: Most of the COVID-19 disease burden was contributed by YLL. Losses due to YPPLL were reduced as the impact of COVID-19 infection was lesser among productive cohorts. CPL values for 40-49 year-olds were the highest. These estimates provide the data necessary for policymakers to work on, to reduce the economic burden of COVID-19 in Kerala.Article summaryStrengths and limitations of this study- The first study to characterize the economic burden caused by COVID-19 in Kerala state using DALYs, YPPLL, and CPL- Use of public sourced data for analysis and presentation of results- Exclusion of incidence of case post August 20, 2020, due to unavailability of data could lead to an underestimation of DALYs- Psychological impacts of the mitigation strategies (e.g., lockdown, travel restrictions, etc.) that could increase mortality were not included in the scope- Unpaid work and presenteeism data, and data on post-recovery illness and long-term effects of COVID-19 have not been considered.
Design of Modified Tabu Search (MTS) Algorithm, an Optimization Technique for Intelligent Routing of an IOT Network with an aim to Improving the Efficiency
Authors: Sharma Anukriti , Sharma Sharad , Gupta Dushyant 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this study, Modified Tabu Search (MTS) optimization technique with metaheuristic approach has been proposed. This technique is based on an example of salesman travelling problem that could be resolved effectively using metaheuristic Tabu Search algorithms where implementation of an intelligent routing technique has been proposed in order to improving the efficiency of an IOT network. Further, in this piece of research work, existing routing techniques have been studied to predict a cost-effective shortest path for different network size. It was observed that Modified Tabu Search (MTS) is quite an efficient technique in surpassing all existing routing techniques, and therefore, could prove to be one of the most preferable technique in a real time scenario to be applied to an IOT based network.
Physical layer key generation against MIMO eavesdropper by exploiting full-duplex technology
Authors: Jin Rong , Zeng Kai 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Generating a shared secret key from physical layer is an interesting topic with practical value. Inspired by the encouraging progress on full-duplex radio, a novel mechanism aiming at high and steady key generation rate with low cost is proposed in this paper. Legitimate users simultaneously send random bit sequences to actively interfere with each other. They extract those mutually jammed bits to form a secret key. A special digital modulation scheme, called Random Manchester coding is proposed. The proposed scheme achieves three goals. The first and the most important one is to prevent a MIMO eavesdropper from separating the superposed signal; the second one is to detect denial of service and key compromise attack to defend against an active attacker; the third one is to achieve design goal on low power radiation, computational complexity and memory cost. Theoretical analysis, numerical simulations and concept-proof experiments validate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme. Our solution is promising to facilitate key generation applications of nearby wireless devices such as ubiquitous smartphones, wearable devices.
ionbot: a novel, innovative and sensitive machine learning approach to LC-MS/MS peptide identification
Authors: Degroeve Sven , Gabriels Ralf , Velghe Kevin , Bouwmeester Robbin , Tichshenko Natalia , Martens Lennart 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based proteomics generates vast amounts of signal data that require computational interpretation to obtain peptide identifications. Dozens of algorithms for this task exist, but all exploit only part of the acquired data to judge a peptide-to-spectrum match (PSM), ignoring important information such as the observed retention time and fragment ion peak intensity pattern. Moreover, only few identification algorithms allow open modification searches that can substantially increase peptide identifications. We here therefore introduce ionbot, a novel open modification search engine that is the first to fully merge machine learning with peptide identification. This core innovation brings the ability to include a much larger range of experimental data into PSM scoring, and even to adapt this scoring to the specifics of the data itself. As a result, ionbot substantially increases PSM confidence for open searches, and even enables a further increase in peptide identification rate of up to 30% by also considering highly plausible, lower-ranked, co-eluting matches for a fragmentation spectrum. Moreover, the exclusive use of machine learning for scoring also means that any future improvements to predictive models for peptide behavior will also result in more sensitive and accurate peptide identification.
Identification of Potential Core Genes and Potential Drugs in Vestibular Schwannoma
Authors: Yan Junqiang , Liu Anran , Huang Jiarui , Wu Jiannan , Ma Hongxia , Jiang Menghan , Yang Jianxue 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Vestibular schwannoma is a common intracranial benign tumor, but the current drug treatment effect is not obvious. Surgical treatment can usually lead to residual problems such as nerve damage. Therefore, there is no clear molecular target to facilitate better clinical treatment. We analyzed three microarray data sets (GSE39645, GSE54934 and GSE108524) derived from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO). The GEO2R was used to screen for the differentially expressed genes (DEG) between vestibular schwannomas and normal tissues. The ontology function of genes and genome pathway enrichment analysis were performed using annotation, visualizative and comprehensive discovery databases to identify the pathways and functional annotation of DEGs. The protein-protein interactions of these DEGs were analyzed by searching the interaction gene database and visualized by Cytoscape software. The potential therapeutic drugs for vestibular schwannoma were searched by online gene drug interaction analysis.A total of 226 up-regulated and 148 down-regulated DEGs were identified. Among them, ten hub genes with high connectivity (EGFR, PPARG, CD86, CSF1R, SPP1, CDH2, CCND1, CAV1, CYBB and NCAM1) were selected as the central genes that may be closely related to the pathogenesis of vestibular schwannoma, which can be potential treatment targets of vestibular schwannoma. Afatinib and osimerinib may be potential therapeutic drugs.
Gene mapping and candidate gene analysis of a novel watermelon lesion mimic mutant clalm
Authors: dong wei , liu kai , wu de feng , Jinggong Guo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The leaf is an extremely important plant organ exhibiting a broad range of phenotypic variation. In watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), leaf spotting is a rare, valuable trait that can be used by breeders for selection at early growth stages. In this study, we tested a seven-generation family to determine the inheritance and genetic basis of this trait. As revealed by analysis of the lesion mimic mutant clalm, leaf spotting is controlled by a single dominant gene. Whole genome resequencing–bulked segregant analysis demonstrated that this gene is located on chromosome 4 from 3,760,000 bp to 7,440,000 bp, a region corresponding to a physical distance of 3.68 Mb encompassing approximately 72 annotated genes and eight non-synonymous coding SNPs. According to quantitative real-time PCR analysis, the expression level of ClCG04G001930 was significantly lower in the clalm mutant than in normal watermelon. The predicted target gene, ClCG04G001930, encodes a fatty acid amide hydrolase protein that regulates a variety of neurobehavioral processes in animals. Twelve-five SNPs were identified in the ClCG04G001930 gene of F2 individuals of the clalm mutant. RNA interference of the ClCG04G001930 gene, designated as ClPAD4, yielded transgenic lines whose leaves gradually developed chlorotic lesions over 3 weeks. Our results suggest that ClPAD4 is the gene responsible for leaf spotting in the clalm mutant. Our findings may serve as a foundation for elucidating the mechanism underlying the spotted leaf trait and should be useful for marker-assisted selection breeding in watermelon.
Fibrinogen Like Protein 1 as a Potential Biomarker for Hepatitis B Virus Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Xin Cai , Dongling Tang , Juanjuan Chen , Huan Li , Yuanhui Hu , Pingan Zhang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
There is an urgent need for new serum biomarkers for early screening of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Fibrinogen like protein 1 (FGL1) may develop the potential diagnostic value of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) in HBV-related HCC.
Methods
The TCGA database was used to screen out genes related to liver cancer and perform differential expression analysis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and chemiluminescence immunoassay were used to detect concentrations of FGL1 and AFP. Using immunofluorescence semi-quantitative method to detect the mean fluorescence intensity of FGL1.
Result
FGL1 is lower in tumor tissues than in normal tissues. The serum levels of FGL1 and AFP in patients with HBV-related HCC are significantly higher than others for each group. Compared with other groups, the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) of FGL1 is higher than that of AFP when compared with the normal group, and the AUC of other groups is lower than that of AFP. The combination of the two can increase the AUC to 0.862 (95%CI, 0.786 ~ 0.918) in distinguishing benign liver disease from HBV-related HCC. The specificity of FGL1 and AFP in the diagnosis of HBV-related HCC is 98.39% and 70.97%, respectively. The specificity of the combination was 93.55%. In distinguishing the A and B stages in the BCLC staging, the combination of the two increased the AUC from 0.584 to 0.647. When distinguishing benign liver disease from HBV-related HCC, the AUC of FGL1 reached 0.849, with a specificity of 100%.
Conclusion
FGL1 can be used as a non-invasive biomarker for HCC. When combined with AFP, the diagnostic efficiency and specificity were improved.
Evaluation of Kinetic and Equilibrium studies for Phytoremediation of Methylene Blue Dye (Triarylmethane) and Congo Red (Diazo) using Trachyspermum Ammi L.
Authors: Kaur Navjeet , kaushal jyotsna , Mahajan Pooja 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Phytoremediation developed as a green-clean, solar-driven and innovative technique for the eradication of contaminants from the environment from last two decades. In the present research work, phytoremediation potential of an ornamental plant Trachyspermum ammi L. (T. ammi) was examined for the removal of a triarylmethane-Methylene blue (MB) and di-azo-Congo red (CR) dye. The various parameters such as initial dye concentration, contact time, and pH were focused to explore the dye removal capability of T. ammi. The increase in initial dye concentration affects the decolorization potential of the T. ammi. The decolorization potential of T. ammi found to be reduced with enhancing the initial dye concentration of both the dyes. The plant achieved condition of equilibrium after the 40 h of contact time with both MB and CR dye. The favorable pH for T. ammi for the MB dye was observed as 5 while for CR dye was 6. The kinetics of phytoremediation reaction with both MB and CR dyes were studied with help of pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and Elovich models and the results were well appropriated to pseudo-first order with the correlation value R2 ≥ 0.95 for MB and R2 ≥ 0.97 for CR. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms studies of phytoremediation reaction found in favor of Freundlich equilibrium isotherm with correlation R2 ≥ 0.99 for both MB and CR dyes. The mechanism of T. ammi for removal of dyes was supported with the help of analytical techniques such as Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
Mini-CEX Oriented Attending Physician Rounds (Mini-CEX-APR): A New Teaching Model for Standardized Residency Training
Authors: Liu Xin , Xu Weixian , Li Haiyun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Mini-CEX is a multifunctional tool to accurately evaluate and improve the clinical competence of residents. It is crucial to explore an appropriate way to combine mini-CEX and clinical practice in order to achieve wide application of mini-CEX in Chinese residency training programs. Objectives: This study was designed to explore the value of mini-CEX oriented attending physician rounds in residency training for cardiology and gastroenterology residents.Design: Single-blind, RCT.Methods: Participants were randomly assigned into the traditional and the mini-CEX-APR group. The traditional group received regular training required by the education department, while the mini-CEX-APR group received additional mini-CEX oriented attending physician rounds on the basis of routine training. The attending physicians in the mini-CEX-APR group conducted real-time evaluation of residents in the process of ward rounds based on the mini-CEX, and provided timely feedback and targeted guidance every 2 weeks. All subjects accepted final mini-CEX assessment when they finished the cardiology or gastroenterology training. Results: The mini-CEX scores of the mini-CEX-APR group was significantly higher than that of the traditional group (50.05±3.19 vs 45.65±3.14, P<0.001), especially in history taking (7.54±0.63 vs 6.60±0.62, P<0.001) and integrated capacity parts (7.46±0.60 vs 6.61±0.59, P<0.001), their satisfaction levels are also higher than those in traditional group (8.81±0.77 vs 7.28±0.67, P<0.001). The overall teaching effect of the mini-CEX-APR was better than traditional teaching methods regardless of in the Grade III-A (51.35±2.69 vs 46.76±2.77, P<0.001) or Grade III-B hospitals (48.67±3.14 vs 44.50±3.12, P<0.001).Conclusion: The mini-CEX-APR model that integrates evaluation and feedback organically can enhance the scientific nature of the clinical evaluation, and especially promote the elevation of residents’ clinical capabilities. Its excellent reliability, validity, versatility and convenience will be a renewed push for incorporating the mini-CEX-APR into residency training.
lncRNA VASH1-AS1/miR-199a-5p/PDCD4 Axis Regulate Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Cell Cycle in PDAC Progress
Authors: Tian BL , li xinglei , huang xing , liu wei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant tumor with clinical characterized by short course, rapid progression and rapid deterioration. At present, the studies on the regulatory factors of PDAC are not enough.Methods: In this study, we applied transcriptome sequencing with PDAC tumor and normal tissues (5cases). Expression of miR-199a-5p was detected by qPCR in another 10 pairs of cancer and normal tissues. The miR-199a-5p mimic, miR-199a-5p mimic NC, miR-199a-5p inhibitor, and miR-199a-5p inhibitor NC were used to detect the function of miR-199a-5p in cell lines. Construction of double luciferase reporter vector of VASH1-AS1 and PDCD4 were used to confirm the binding of miR-199a-5p and 3’- UTR of human PDCD4 mRNA and VASH1-AS1, respectively. PDCD4 protein expression was detected by Western Blot. The cell apoptosis assay was performed using the Annexin V-FITC Kit. Cell proliferation was detected using CCK-8assay and EdU fluorescence analysis. Cell cycle and apoptosis analyzed by flow cytometry at excitation and emission wavelengths of 488 and 530 nm, respectively. SPSS software (version 22.0; SPSS, Chicago, USA) and GraphPad Prism 5.0 (GraphPad software, San Diego, California, USA) were used for data analysis.Results: After data preprocessing, differentially expressed lncRNAs (606 up-regulated, 875 down-regulated), miRNAs (171 up-regulated, 188 down-regulated) and genes (4129 up-regulated, 3417 down-regulated) were identified. With dada analysis, a new VASH1-AS1/miR-199a-5p/PDCD4 regulation mode was discovered. In PDAC, the expression level of miR-199a-5p is negatively correlated with VASH1-AS1, and the further binding was performed between miR-199a-5p and PDCD4. The overexpression of miR-199a-5p can promote the proliferation and cycle of tumor cells, inhibit cell apoptosis. If the expression of miR-199a-5p is inhibited, the opposite result was obtained. By using overexpression vectors and siRNA of PDCD4, we also found that the low expression of PDCD4 can promote tumor cell proliferation and cycle, and inhibit cell apoptosis. If PDCD4 is highly expressed, the opposite result is obtained.. Conclusion: These findings suggest that lncRNA VASH1-AS1/miR-199a-5p/PDCD4 axis may regulate the formation of PDAC through synergy, and show potential application as an early diagnostic and prognostic marker for PDAC.
Underweight and Factors Associated Among Lactating Mothers In Dodata District, Arsi Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia,2021
Authors: Kedir Hawa , Arero Godana 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: An underweight individual is a somebody whose body weight is considered too low (BMI <18.5) to be healthy. The similar idea applies to lactating mothers. However, little is known about underweight status among lactating women in the study area. The objective of study to assess incidence of underweight and related issues among lactating mothers in Dodota district of Arsi Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia, from February 1-28, 2021.Method: The cross-sectional study design was done on 355 lactating mothers. The starata and simple random sampling technique were used. The structured questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were used. Data were entered and cleaned using Epi info version 7.1 and SPSS version 21 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were done. Descriptive statistics wree performed. The crude and adjusted odds ratio along with 95%CI were used to measure the strength of association. The level of statistical significance was declared at a p-value < 0.05. Result: Study revealed (14.1) lactating mother were underweight. Rural areas, (AOR=2.5 [95% CI: (1.061, 6.302), the practice of food taboos (AOR= 2.3, [95% CI: (1.045, 5.084) and income level(AOR= 2.1[95% CI: (1.003, 4. 460) were found to be independent determinants of underweight among lactating mothers in the study area. Conclusions: The prevalence of underweight among lactating mothers was lower.
Application of Immunohistochemistry to Monitor the CD3+T Cell Subset Counts in Patients with Sepsis
Authors: Deng Ronghua , Deng Lan , Tian Yamin , Deng Guopeng , Zeng Jiannan , Li Zhuo , Lin Xiaolong , Chen Weisheng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
[Objective]: To evaluate the application significance of Immunohistochemistry for monitoring peripheral blood CD3 + T cell subset (CD3+/CD3 + CD4+/CD3 + CD8+) counts in patients with sepsis.[Methods]: Two peripheral blood samples of 117 patients with sepsis on the first day of admission (D1) and 20 healthy control subjects were collected, and two peripheral blood samples of 20 patients with sepsis on the fourth day of admission (D4) were randomly collected and used to detect the lymphocyte counts of routine blood tests and CD3 + T cell subset count by Immunohistochemistry; the lymphocyte count levels between the sepsis group and the healthy control group were compared, and the correlation between the two in the same group were analyzed.[Results]:lymphocyte counts by routine blood tests and CD3 + T cell subset counts of patients with sepsis were significantly lower than those in healthy control subjects (P < 0.01). In the surviving group, the mean values of D4 CD3 + T cell subset counts increased significantly compared with D1, while the nonsurviving group did not rebound significantly; There was a significant positive correlation between lymphocyte counts by routine blood tests and CD3 + T lymphocyte subset counts in patients with sepsis and the healthy control subjects. (P < 0.01).[Conclusion]: Detection of CD3 + T cell subset counts by immunohistochemical method can reflect the cellular immune status of patients at a given time, thus it can be used as one of the immune monitoring methods in patients with sepsis.
Online Study: Understanding the Laws of Self-Regulated Study
Authors: Rao Xin , Luo Li , Su Qiaoli , Wang Xingyue 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background:The sudden COVID-19 outbreak has posed challenges to the normal development of continuing education for general practitioners. Consequently, an online medical training program for family doctors has emerged. Online study helps us better understand the laws of self-regulated learning because we can track the process and outcome of family physicians and compare it to that of face-to-face training programs. The study track the GPCC online program to reveal this principle.Results:By recording learners’ study behaviors and explore the law of learning progress and analyse the impact of latent variables on learning through structural equation models,the study find that the the impact of teacher support and supervision and of internal motivation on learning input and the influence of teacher support and supervision on internal motivation can be researched through online study.Conclusions:Online study helps us better understand the laws of self-regulated learning. It helps to better understand the impact of teacher support, supervision, and internal motivation on learning input , as well as the influence of teacher support and supervision on internal motivation. Examining online study can also help in making effective use of the self-education characteristics of internal motivation and cultivate the ability of independent thinking and learning self-discipline .