bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case Report: An Intracranial Complication of COVID-19 Nasopharyngeal Swab
Authors: Holmes Alexandria , Allen Bryant 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks are often the result of trauma or recent surgical procedures; however, a subset can develop from non-traumatic etiologies. Cerebrospinal fluid leaks from congenital and spontaneous encephaloceles can be clinically occult and have devastating consequences if undetected for prolonged periods of time. This report highlights a unique case of meningitis after CSF leak caused by ruptured congenital meningocele during a routine nasopharyngeal swab.
Case Report: A 54-year-old female with diagnosed CSF leak presented to the emergency department (ED) with acute onset of severe headache, and neck and back pain. Prior to this presentation, the patient had experienced two months of persistent headache and rhinorrhea since her coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) nasopharyngeal swab. As part of her outpatient workup, an otolaryngology consultation with subsequent beta-2 transferrin testing and magnetic resonance imaging was performed and she was diagnosed with a CSF leak from ruptured congenital meningocele. On ED presentation, she was afebrile, but with mild tachycardia, leukocytosis, and meningismus. Lumbar puncture revealed acute streptococcal meningitis. This patient’s meningitis developed due to prolonged occult CSF leak after her COVID-19 nasopharyngeal swab ruptured a pre-existing congenital meningocele.
Conclusion: Nasopharyngeal swabs are being performed much more frequently due to the COVID-19 pandemic. All front-line providers should be aware of the potential presence and rupture of congenital meningoceles in patients who have undergone recent nasopharyngeal swab when risk-stratifying for potential CSF leak and meningitis.
Vitamin-C and Mineral Composition Analysis of Some Fresh Vegetables in Patuakhali, Bangladesh
Authors: Sabuj Sadman Sakib , Faruk-E-Azam A. K. M. , Islam Md. Shahidul , Uddin Md. Nizam , Islam Md. Nazrul , Islam Md. Shajadul 
Published: August 2021

Aims: This comparative study was carried out to evaluate the vitamin-C and mineral content of twenty-two different sorts of nutritious and low-cost fresh vegetables.
Methodology: The study was conducted in the agricultural chemistry laboratory, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali during the period of January to June 2019. Vitamin C, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), phosphorus (P) contents were determined with the flame emission spectrophotometer.
Results: Vitamin-C was higher in Momordica charantia (87.0 mg/100 g) and lower in Vigna unguiculata (0.10 mg/100g). Calcium and magnesium of the green leafy vegetables were in the range of 191.0 - 12.0 mg/100g and 210.1- 9.0 mg/100g respectively. Sodium content largely varied from 58.1- 2.1 mg/100g in which Amaranthus cruentus content higher and Cucumis sativus had the lower content. The highest potassium content was recorded in Cucurbita pepo (384.0 mg/100g) and the lowest potassium content was found in Cucumis sativus (144.20 mg / 100g). Phosphorus content was ranged between 108.0 -13.0 mg /100 g in all the green leafy vegetables. There were significant correlations between mineral contents.
Conclusion: These results revealed that selected vegetables contain an appreciable amount of vitamin C and minerals and should be included in diets as a supplement of daily allowance needed by the body.
A Gender based Study on Disagreement between Parents and Adolescents for use of Social Networking Sites
Authors: Patra Kshiptimayee , Gogoi Sampreety 
Published: August 2021

In today's world, social networking services are quite popular among adolescents. The usage of social networking sites is seen differently by adolescents and parents. As a result, when it comes to the use of social networking sites, there is a distinction between parents and adolescents. In today's world, parents value their adolescent's education, social life and health irrespective of their gender.
Aim: The goal of this study was to see if there was a gender difference in parent and adolescent disagreement regarding the use of social networking site.
Methodology: A multi-stage selection method was used to choose 118 adolescents and each one of their parents (a total of 236 samples) from five schools in the Jorhat Block. To gather the essential information, a self-made questionnaire was used.
Results: The results revealed from the findings that there was no significant gender difference in disagreement between parents and adolescents for use of Social networking sites.
Multivariate Garch Analysis of Selected Nigerian Economic Data
Authors: Pepple Shakarho Udi , Harrison Etuk Ette , Essi Isaac D. 
Published: August 2021

Aims: The aim of this study is to examine multivariate GARCH modeling of selected Nigerian economic data.
Study Design: The study used monthly data of Nigerian crude oil prices (dollar Per Barrel), consumer price Index rural, maximum lending rate and prime lending rate.
Methodology: This work covers time series data on crude oil prices, consumer price Index rural, maximum lending rate and prime lending rate extracted from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) from 2000 to 2019. In attempt to achieve the aim of the study, quadrivariate VECH and DCC model were applied.
Results: The results confirmed that returns on economic data were correlated. Also, diagonal multivariate VECH model confirmed one of the properties that it must be ‘positive semi-definite’,
And the DCC confirmed also the positive-definite conditional-variance.
Conclusion: From the results obtained, it was confirmed that there exists a strong confirmation of a time-varying conditional covariance and interdependence among Nigeria economic data. As for cross-volatility effects, past innovations in crude oil price have utmost control on future volatility of returns on economic data. It was also confirmed that time varying covariance displays among these economic data and lower degree of persistence and based on Model selection criteria using the Akaike information criteria (AIC) has 17.485 for diagonal VECH while for DCC has 17.509 AIC which makes VECH model better fitted.
An Improved Coronary Heart Disease Predictive System Using Random Forest
Authors: Abdul Abdulraheem , Isiaka Rafiu M. , Babatunde Ronke S. , Ajao Jumoke F. 
Published: August 2021

Aims: This work aim is to develop an enhanced predictive system for Coronary Heart Disease (CHD).
Study Design: Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique and Random Forest.
Methodology: The Framingham heart disease dataset was used, which was collected from a study in Framingham, Massachusetts, the data was cleaned, normalized, rebalanced. Classifiers such as random forest, artificial neural network, naïve bayes, logistic regression, k-nearest neighbor and support vector machine were used for classification.
Results: Random Forest outperformed other classifiers with an accuracy of 98%, a sensitivity of 99% and a precision of 95.8%. Feature selection was employed for better classification, but no significant improvement was recorded on the performance of the classifier with feature selection. Train test split also performed better that cross validation.
Conclusion: Random Forest is recommended for research in Coronary Heart Disease prediction domain.
Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Levels in Diabetes Mellitus Subjects Resident in Port Harcourt Metropolis
Authors: Neebee–Sordum T. , Tamuno-emine D. G. , Onwuli D. 
Published: August 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess thyroid hormone levels in among diabetics in Port- Harcourt of Rivers State in Nigeria
Study Design: This study is a cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at Chemical Pathology Department, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, between December, 2019 and February, 2020.
Methodology: A total of 224 subjects were recruited for the study, diabetic parents (132 subjects), non-diabetic parents (112 subjects. Five (5) ml of blood sample was collected and used to analyse for serum thyroxine (T4), tri-iodothyronine (T­­3) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) using Enzyme-linked immunoasorbent assay. Data were analyzed statistically with SPSS version 22.0 and values considered significant at p< 0.05.
Results: The mean ± S.D of serum TSH were 1.28± 0.6u/ml (control) and 1.84±1.05 u/ml (subject), (p=0.023). T4 value were 2.49 ± 0.86u/ml (control) (p=0.024) and 3.90 ±1,62u/ml (subjects) and T3 values were 1.89±0.41u/ml (p=0.0001).
Conclusion: The evaluation of thyroid hormones (TSH, T4 and T3) among diabetes with the age ranges of population studied shows that there was altered thyroid hormone in diabetes mellitus individuals.
Dentists have a high occupational risk of neck disorders with impact on somatosensory function and neck mobility
Authors: Zhou Yanli , Zhou Weina , Aisaiti Adila , Wang Bingjie , Zhang Jinglu , Svensson Peter , Wang Kelun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in the neck and shoulder region may be associated with significant impairment of quality of life and well-being. The study was to determine the prevalence of painful MSDs in Chinese dentists and evaluate somatosensory function and neck mobility compared with non-dental professional controls.

Methods
One hundred dentists (age: 36.5 ± 9.8 years) and 102 controls (age: 36.2 ± 10.0 years) were recruited between September 2019 and December 2020. The Medical Outcome Study 36-item short-form health survey questionnaire and information of MSDs history were recorded. The cervical range of motion (CROM) with and without pain, and the pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) of the facial and neck muscles were tested. Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The factors in the multiple linear regression analysis were occupation, working age, and gender.

Results
The prevalence rate of neck pain was significantly higher in dentists (73.0%) compared with the controls (52.0%) (P = .002). The regression models of cervical range of posterior extension, lateral flexion and rotation were statistically significant (P ≤ .001). The regression models of PPTs of the tested facial and neck muscles were statistically significant (P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
Dentists are at higher risk of neck pain. The bigger cervical range of left rotation of dentists could be related to the working posture. The lower PPTs in dentists may reflect a hypersensitivity in the facial and neck muscles. Preventive measures are needed to reduce occupational hazards in dentists.
Episodic memory contributions to second language lexical development persist at higher proficiencies
Authors: Zhang Yin , Ridchenko Maryna , Hayashi Aimi , Hamrick Phillip 
Published: August 2021

SummaryIndividual differences in episodic memory abilities have been linked to second language (L2) lexical development, both theoretically and empirically, but such empirical support has been limited to the earliest phases of word learning. However, the Episodic L2 Hypothesis predicts that L2 lexical representations in more advanced L2 speakers are episodic in nature. To examine whether this means that individual differences in episodic memory also contribute to higher level L2 lexical abilities, we examined whether episodic memory abilities were predictive of lexical knowledge in a group of higher proficiency L2 learners who had years of exposure to their L2. The results revealed that episodic memory abilities predicted L2 lexical knowledge, a finding with pedagogical consequences. Moreover, these findings are consistent with several neurocognitive theories of the mental lexicon, and the Episodic L2 Hypothesis in particular.
Biodegradable Implantable Sensors: Materials Design, Fabrication, and Applications
Authors: Ashammakhi Nureddin , Hernandez Ana Lopez , Unluturk Bige Deniz , Quintero Sergio A. , de Barros Natan Roberto , Hoque Apu Ehsanul , Bin Shams Abdullah , Ostrovidov Serge , Li Jinxing , Contag Christopher , Gomes Antoinette S. , Holgado Miguel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe ability to monitor diseases, therapies, and their effects on the body is a critical component of modern care and personalized medicine. Real time monitoring can be achieved by analyzing body fluids or by applying sensors on, or alternatively, inside the body. Implantable sensors, however, must be removed. Second removal procedures lead to further tissue damage, which can be a problem in tissues such as those of the central nervous system. The use of biodegradable sensors alleviates these problems since they do not require removal procedures. Recent advances in material science made it possible for all sensor components to be biodegradable. Small size and power of implants, and the limited selection of materials are the main constraints determining the capabilities of the biodegradable device. Thus, the design will be always a challenge exploring a trade‐off among these parameters. Despite of the encouraging results illustrating that biodegradable sensors can be as accurate and reliable as commercially available nondegradable ones, biodegradable implantable sensors are still in their infancy. Significant advances made in this area are critically reviewed in this paper, and future prospects are highlighted.
Copper‐Catalysed Electrophilic Amination of Aryl(alkenyl) Boronic Acids with Nitrogen‐Containing Hypervalent Iodine (III) Reagent
Authors: Hu Yuanyuan , Zheng Songlin , Fan Wu , Yuan Weiming 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA copper‐catalysed electrophilic N‐imination of aryl(alkenyl) boronic acids with a stable hypervalent iodine(III) reagent containing a transferable (diarylmethylene)amino group is developed. The electrophilic C−N cross‐coupling reaction proceeds smoothly at room temperature under oxidant‐free and base‐free conditions, which is further characterized by the broad functional group compatibility, thereof, extending the N‐electrophile scope of electrophilic C−N cross‐coupling outside the limitation of N−O and N−Cl reagents.magnified image
Direct Visualization of Anti‐Ferroelectric Switching Dynamics via Electrocaloric Imaging
Authors: Vales‐Castro Pablo , Vellvehi Miquel , Perpiñà Xavier , Caicedo Jose Manuel , Jordà Xavier , Faye Romain , Roleder Krystian , Kajewski Dariusz , Perez‐Tomas Amador , Defay Emmanuel , Catalan Gustau 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe large electrocaloric coupling in PbZrO3 allows using high‐speed infrared imaging for visualizing anti‐ferroelectric switching dynamics via the associated temperature change. It is found that in ceramic samples of homogeneous temperature and thickness, switching is fast due to the generation of multiple nucleation sites, with devices responding in the millisecond range. By introducing gradients of thickness, however, it is possible to change the dynamics to propagation limited, whereby a single‐phase boundary sweeps across the sample like a cold front, at a speed of ≈20 cm s−1. Additionally, introducing thermostatic temperature differences between two sides of the sample enables the simultaneous generation of a negative electrocaloric effect on one side and a positive one on the other, yielding a Janus‐like electrocaloric response.
Lithium Borate Ester Salts for Electrolyte Application in Next‐Generation High Voltage Lithium Batteries
Authors: Roy Binayak , Cherepanov Pavel , Nguyen Cuong , Forsyth Craig , Pal Urbi , Mendes Tiago Correia , Howlett Patrick , Forsyth Maria , MacFarlane Douglas , Kar Mega 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe atmospheric instability and the corrosive tendency of hexafluorophosphate [PF6]− and fluorosulfonylimide [FSI]− based lithium salts, respectively, are among the major impediments towards their application as electrolytes in high voltage lithium batteries. Herein a new class of Li salts is introduced and their electrochemical behavior is explored. The successful synthesis and characterization are reported, including the crystal structure, of lithium 1,1,1,3,3,3‐(tetrakis)hexafluoroisopropoxy borate (LiBHfip). The oxidative stability of electrolytes of this salt in an ethylene carbonate:dimethyl carbonate mixture (v/v, 50:50) is found to be 5.0 V versus Li+/Li on various working electrodes, showing substantial improvement over a LiPF6 based electrolyte. Moreover, a high stability of an aluminum substrate is observed at potentials up to 5.8 V versus Li+/Li; in comparison, a LiFSI based electrolyte shows prominent signs of Al corrosion above 4.3 V versus Li+/Li. Cells tested with high voltage layered LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) and spinel LiMn2O4 (LMO) cathodes show stable cycling over 200 cycles with capacity retention of 76% and 90%, respectively. The LMO|Li cell maintains this same low capacity fade rate for 1000 cycles even after the salt has been exposed for 24 h to atmospheric conditions (water content ≈0.57 mass%).
Feed and forage development in mixed crop–livestock systems of the Ethiopian highlands: Africa RISING project research experience
Authors: Mekonnen Kindu , Bezabih Melkamu , Thorne Peter , Gebreyes Million Getnet , Hammond Jim , Adie Aberra 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAfrica Research in Sustainable Intensification for Next Generation (RISING) project has conducted action research on livestock feed and forages starting in 2012 to bridge gaps on feed availability and quality. The objectives of this paper are to share approaches on how Africa RISING project enabled smallholder farmers to intensify feed and forage resources; present research findings of selected cultivated forages, fodder trees, and postharvest feed and forage utilization innovations; and highlight key lessons evolving from the feed and forage action research and scaling interventions. The project established partnership with CGIAR and local partners, conducted participatory need assessment, prioritized researchable issues, identified and validated different forages and utilization innovations, and created development partnership to facilitate wider scaling. Training activities and multistakeholder platforms were used to enhance cross learning of project partners. The cultivated forages grown under farmers’ fields and management conditions provided high biomass yield of good nutritional quality. For instance, oat (Avena sativa L.)–vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) mixture, lablab [Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet], vetch–desho grass (Pennisetum pedicellatum Trin.) intercropping, sweet lupin (Lupinus albus L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and fodder beet (Beta vulgaris L.) yielded on average 15, 3.4, 5.5, 2.9, 15.3, and 20.2 t dry matter ha−1, respectively. Animal response trials showed an increase in milk yield of 30–50% with supplementation of oat–vetch mixture and fodder beet. Feed wastage was considerably reduced (>30%) due to the use of feed troughs and storage sheds, with high economic incentives to invest in such innovations. Integrating and intensifying feed and forage resources and postharvest innovations at farm level remains a priority to improve livestock productivity and food security.
Low‐dose thymoglobulin for prevention of chronic graft‐versus‐host disease in transplantation from an HLA‐matched sibling donor
Authors: Cho Byung‐Sik , Min Gi‐June , Park Sung‐Soo , Yoon Seok Yoon , Park Silvia , Jeon Young‐Woo , Shin Seung‐Hwan , Yahng Seung‐Ah , Yoon Jae‐Ho , Lee Sung‐Eun , Eom Ki‐Seong , Kim Yoo‐Jin , Min Chang‐Ki , Cho Seok‐Goo , Kim Dong‐Wook , Lee Jong Wook , Kim Hee‐Je , Lee Seok 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDespite the proven efficacy of anti‐T‐cell or antithymocyte globulin (ATG) for chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) prevention in transplantation from an unrelated donor, dosing protocols and the effects of ATG on relapse and infection remain controversial. In the setting of transplantation from an HLA‐matched sibling (MSD‐T), few randomized studies have been conducted. We conducted a prospective, single‐center, open‐label, randomized study of low‐dose thymoglobulin (2.5 mg/kg) for chronic GVHD prevention. A total of 120 patients with acute leukemia were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio. After a median follow‐up of 27 months, the cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD in the ATG and non‐ATG groups was 25.0% and 65.4% (p < 0.001), respectively. The ATG group had an increased relapse rate compared with the non‐ATG‐group (20.0% vs. 9.3%; p = 0.055), with risks that differed according to cytogenetic subgroup (high‐risk, 29.6% vs. 9.3%, p = 0.042; non‐high‐risk, 12.2% vs. 9.2%, p = 0.596). Chronic GVHD‐free and relapse‐free survival (cGRFS) was higher in the ATG group (46.7% vs. 19.4%; p = 0.070), and the difference was significant in a cytogenetic non‐high‐risk subgroup (45.5% vs. 0%; p = 0.038). No differences were observed in other survival outcomes. Improved physical components in quality‐of‐life scores were observed in the ATG group at 12 months after transplantation. A higher rate of Epstein–Barr virus reactivation was observed in the ATG group (21.8% vs. 5.1%; p = 0.013), whereas no between‐group differences for other complications. In conclusion, the low‐dose thymoglobulin effectively prevented chronic GVHD in MSD‐T, resulting in improvement in quality‐of‐life and cGRFS, whereas the necessity of caution for high‐risk acute leukemia.
Pd‐Catalyzed Cascade Heck‐Type Annulation And Carbonylation to β‐Oxindolysulfoximidoyl Amides at Room Temperature
Authors: Liu Huahua , Xiong Yuping , Chen Zhiyuan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn efficient intramolecular Heck annulation and trapping of the resulting cyclic α‐oxindolylpalladium species by CO (1 atm) and NH‐sulfoximine in a cascade protocol at room temperature was described, which offering 3,3‐disubstituted β‐indoly sulfoximidoyl amides in mostly excellent yields under very gentle reaction conditions.
7T MRI Differentiates Remyelinated from Demyelinated Multiple Sclerosis Lesions
Authors: Kolb Hadar , Absinta Martina , Beck Erin S. , Ha Seung‐Kwon , Song Yeajin , Norato Gina , Cortese Irene , Sati Pascal , Nair Govind , Reich Daniel S. 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveTo noninvasively assess myelin status in chronic white matter lesions of multiple sclerosis (MS), we developed and evaluated a simple classification scheme based on T1 relaxation time maps derived from 7‐tesla postmortem and in vivo MRI.MethodsUsing the MP2RAGE MRI sequence, we classified 36 lesions from 4 postmortem MS brains as “long‐T1,” “short‐T1,” and “mixed‐T1” by visual comparison to neocortex. Within these groups, we compared T1 times to histologically derived measures of myelin and axons. We performed similar analysis of 235 chronic lesions with known date of onset in 25 MS cases in vivo and in a validation cohort of 222 lesions from 66 MS cases, investigating associations with clinical and radiological outcomes.ResultsPostmortem, lesions classified qualitatively as long‐T1, short‐T1, and mixed‐T1 corresponded to fully demyelinated, fully remyelinated, and mixed demyelinated/remyelinated lesions, respectively (p ≤ 0.001). Demyelination (rather than axon loss) dominantly contributed to initial T1 prolongation. We observed lesions with similar characteristics in vivo, allowing manual classification with substantial interrater and excellent intrarater reliability. Short‐T1 lesions were most common in the deep white matter, whereas long‐T1 and mixed‐T1 lesions were prevalent in the juxtacortical and periventricular white matter (p = 0.02) and were much more likely to have paramagnetic rims suggesting chronic inflammation (p < 0.001). Older age at the time of lesion formation portended less remyelination (p = 0.007).Interpretation7‐tesla T1 mapping with MP2RAGE, a clinically available MRI method, allows qualitative and quantitative classification of chronic MS lesions according to myelin content, rendering straightforward the tracking of lesional myelination changes over time. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:612–626