bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specific residues in the cytoplasmic domain modulate photocurrent kinetics of channelrhodopsin from Klebsormidium nitens
Authors: Tashiro Rintaro , Sushmita Kumari , Hososhima Shoko , Sharma Sunita , Kateriya Suneel , Kandori Hideki , Tsunoda Satoshi P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractChannelrhodopsins (ChRs) are light-gated ion channels extensively applied as optogenetics tools for manipulating neuronal activity. All currently known ChRs comprise a large cytoplasmic domain, whose function is elusive. Here, we report the cation channel properties of KnChR, one of the photoreceptors from a filamentous terrestrial alga Klebsormidium nitens, and demonstrate that the cytoplasmic domain of KnChR modulates the ion channel properties. KnChR is constituted of a 7-transmembrane domain forming a channel pore, followed by a C-terminus moiety encoding a peptidoglycan binding domain (FimV). Notably, the channel closure rate was affected by the C-terminus moiety. Truncation of the moiety to various lengths prolonged the channel open lifetime by more than 10-fold. Two Arginine residues (R287 and R291) are crucial for altering the photocurrent kinetics. We propose that electrostatic interaction between the rhodopsin domain and the C-terminus domain accelerates the channel kinetics. Additionally, maximal sensitivity was exhibited at 430 and 460 nm, the former making KnChR one of the most blue-shifted ChRs characterized thus far, serving as a novel prototype for studying the molecular mechanism of color tuning of the ChRs. Furthermore, KnChR would expand the optogenetics tool kit, especially for dual light applications when short-wavelength excitation is required.
Full structural ensembles of intrinsically disordered proteins from unbiased molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Shrestha Utsab R. , Smith Jeremy C. , Petridis Loukas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMolecular dynamics (MD) simulation is widely used to complement ensemble-averaged experiments of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). However, MD often suffers from limitations of inaccuracy. Here, we show that enhancing the sampling using Hamiltonian replica-exchange MD (HREMD) led to unbiased and accurate ensembles, reproducing small-angle scattering and NMR chemical shift experiments, for three IDPs of varying sequence properties using two recently optimized force fields, indicating the general applicability of HREMD for IDPs. We further demonstrate that, unlike HREMD, standard MD can reproduce experimental NMR chemical shifts, but not small-angle scattering data, suggesting chemical shifts are insufficient for testing the validity of IDP ensembles. Surprisingly, we reveal that despite differences in their sequence, the inter-chain statistics of all three IDPs are similar for short contour lengths (< 10 residues). The results suggest that the major hurdle of generating an accurate unbiased ensemble for IDPs has now been largely overcome.
Projecting future populations of urban agglomerations around the world and through the 21st century
Authors: Kii Masanobu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFuture population projections of urban agglomerations furnish essential input for development policies and sustainability strategies. Here, working within the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and using a simple urban-growth model, we estimate population trends throughout the 21st century for ~20,000 urban agglomerations in 151 countries. Our results suggest that urban growth in this century will produce increasingly concentrated cities, some growing to enormous sizes. We also demonstrate that, although detailed urbanization trajectories differ for different SSP scenarios, in all cases, the largest projected agglomerations of the future are more populous than the largest agglomerations today. Our projection strategy advances urban-population research by producing urban-size projections—for agglomerations around the world—that correctly obey empirically observed distribution laws. Although our method is very simple and omits various aspects of urbanization, it nonetheless yields valuable insight into long-term SSP-specific urbanization trends to inform discussion of sustainable urban policies.
In vitro characterization of 3-chloro-4-hydroxybenzoic acid building block formation in ambigol biosynthesis
Authors: Kresna I Dewa Made , Linares-Otoya Luis , Milzarek Tobias , Duell Elke R. , Mir Mohseni Mahsa , Mettal Ute , König Gabriele M. , Gulder Tobias A. M. , Schäberle Till F. 
Published: February 2021

The cyanobacterium Fischerella ambigua is a natural producer of polychlorinated aromatic compounds, the ambigols A–E. Here insights into the biosynthesis of these natural products are revealed.
Effect of Realistic Test Conditions on Spectral and Temporal Processing in Normal-Hearing Listeners
Authors: Yoon Yang-Soo , Boren Callie Michelle , Diaz Brianna 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
To measure the effect of testing conditions (in the soundproof booth vs. quiet room), test order, and number of test sessions on spectral and temporal processing in normal-hearing (NH) listeners.

Method
Thirty-two adult NH listeners participated in the three experiments. For all three experiments, the stimuli were presented to the left ear at the subjects' most comfortable level through headphones. All tests were administered in an adaptive three-alternative forced-choice paradigm. Experiment 1 was designed to compare the effect of soundproof booth and quiet room test conditions on amplitude modulation detection threshold and modulation frequency discrimination threshold with each of the five modulation frequencies. Experiment 2 was designed to compare the effect of two test orders on the frequency discrimination thresholds under the quiet room test conditions. The thresholds were first measured in the ascending and descending order of four pure tones, and then with counterbalanced order. For Experiment 3, the amplitude discrimination threshold under the quiet room testing condition was assessed 3 times to determine the effect of the number of test sessions. Then the thresholds were compared over the sessions.

Results
Results showed no significant effect of test environment. The test order is an important variable for frequency discrimination, particularly between piano tunes and pure tones. Results also show no significant difference across test sessions.

Conclusions
These results suggest that a controlled test environment may not be required in spectral and temporal assessment for NH listeners. Under the quiet test environment, a single outcome measure is sufficient, but test orders should be counterbalanced.
Speech-Language Pathologist Involvement in Multi-Tiered System of Supports Questionnaire: Advances in Interprofessional Practice
Authors: McKenna Meaghan , Castillo Jose , Dedrick Robert F. , Cheng Ke , Goldstein Howard 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
This article describes the development and initial validation of the Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP) Involvement in Multi-Tiered System of Supports (MTSS) Questionnaire. It was developed to measure the extent to which SLPs are involved in MTSS at their school site(s).

Method
A total of 567 SLPs practicing in the United States responded to up to 39 Likert-type items meant to reflect six domains: scope of practice, professional development, leadership, consulting/collaborating, assessment and analysis, and intervention. Measurement quality was evaluated in terms of score reliability and validity. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted to evaluate the internal structure of the questionnaire responses. A three-factor model with the following dimensions of Carrying out Roles and Responsibilities, Leading, and Planning and Providing Interventions was supported. Loadings for retained factors ranged from .35 to .87. Internal consistency estimates ranged from .87 to .92. Descriptive statistics summarized the overall involvement of SLPs in MTSS, and responses to questions to assess the feasibility and acceptability of this questionnaire were analyzed.

Results
Questionnaire responses indicated that SLPs infrequently engage in MTSS activities. The item with the highest mean was related to SLPs collaborating with teachers to help them address students' speech and language disorders in their classrooms. Most of the SLPs who took the questionnaire found it easy to complete, but only some found the information to be useful.

Conclusions
The infrequent involvement of SLPs in MTSS indicates a need to disseminate information on the potentially valuable roles SLPs can play in MTSS implementation. This tool may be used by SLPs to better understand contributions they can make within an MTSS framework and self-reflect on their current levels of involvement.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13874516
Investigating Adolescent Discourse in Critical Thinking: Monologic Responses to Stories Containing a Moral Dilemma
Authors: Wallis Adele K. , Westerveld Marleen F. , Waters Allison M. , Snow Pamela C. 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThe adolescent developmental task of establishing autonomy from parents is supported through various aspects of executive functioning, including critical thinking. Our aim was to investigate younger and older adolescent language performance in form, content, and use in response to a moral dilemma task.MethodForty-four typically developing adolescents completed a language sampling task, responding to stories that contained a moral dilemma for one of the characters. Two age groups participated: younger adolescents (n= 24, 12;2–13;11 [years;months]) and older adolescents (n= 20, 16;1–17;11). Participants produced a monologue in response to an open-ended question prompt. Responses were transcribed and analyzed for discourse production on measures of form (verbal productivity and syntactic complexity) and content (semantic diversity and word percentages in three semantic domains: affective, social, and cognitive). Language use was evaluated using a coding system based on Bloom's revised taxonomy of thinking.ResultsThere were no significant group differences in performance on measures of syntactic complexity and semantic diversity. Significant differences were found in adolescents' language using Bloom's revised taxonomy. The younger adolescents demonstrated a significantly higher proportion of utterances at Level 1 (remembering and understanding) compared to older adolescents, while the older age group produced a higher proportion at Level 3 (evaluating and creating).ConclusionsThe moral dilemma task was effective in demonstrating the growth of adolescent language skills in use of language for critical thinking. The results highlight the clinical utility of the moral dilemma task in engaging adolescents in discourse involving critical thinking, whereas the associated coding scheme, based on Bloom's revised taxonomy of thinking, may differentiate levels of critical thinking and provide direction for intervention.
A review on manipulation skill acquisition through teleoperation‐based learning from demonstration
Authors: Si Weiyong , Wang Ning , Yang Chenguang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractManipulation skill learning and generalisation have gained increasing attention due to the wide applications of robot manipulators and the spurt of robot learning techniques. Especially, the learning from demonstration method has been exploited widely and successfully in the robotic community, and it is regarded as a promising direction to realise the manipulation skill learning and generalisation. In addition to the learning techniques, the immersive teleoperation enables the human to operate a remote robot with an intuitive interface and achieve the telepresence. Thus, it is a promising way to transfer manipulation skills from humans to robots by combining the learning methods and teleoperation, and adapting the learned skills to different tasks in new situations. This review, therefore, aims to provide an overview of immersive teleoperation for skill learning and generalisation to deal with complex manipulation tasks. To this end, the key technologies, for example, manipulation skill learning, multimodal interfacing for teleoperation and telerobotic control, are introduced. Then, an overview is given in terms of the most important applications of immersive teleoperation platform for robot skill learning. Finally, this survey discusses the remaining open challenges and promising research topics.
Sparse linear array with low mutual coupling ratio for DOA estimation
Authors: Wu Fan , Cao Fei , Feng Xiaowei , Ni Xiaogang , Chen Chong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn order to reduce the mutual coupling ratio of sparse linear array, a new linear array structure with two sparse uniform linear arrays interleaved nested, is proposed in this paper. The new sparse linear array structure is consisted of two subarrays which have N and M physical sensors, respectively. By setting appropriate interelement spacing and interleaving, the degrees‐of‐freedom, uniform degrees‐of‐freedom and array aperture of the proposed sparse array can reach , and , respectively. On one hand, the proposed sparse array has closed‐form expressions for the sensor locations. On the other hand, through comparative analysis, although the proposed array structure has lower uniform degrees‐of‐freedom, it can greatly increase the degrees‐of‐freedom, extend the array aperture, and reduce the mutual coupling ratio between physical sensors, which means better estimation performance of direction‐of‐arrival estimation can be achieved. Finally, the direction‐of‐arrival estimation performance of the proposed array structure is verified by numerical simulations.
mm‐Wave micro‐wave integrated Sub‐RAN for CRAN performance enhancement
Authors: Singh Sameer Kumar , Singh Rohit , Kumbhani Brijesh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCoordinated Multi‐Point (CoMP) transmission in Cloud Radio Access Network (CRAN) requires a large amount of data transmission and processing within a coherence time window. Hence, CoMP transmission puts a lot of burden on the central processor and back‐haul unit. Also, establishing CoMP for high‐mobility users is challenging due to small coherence window and large beamforming overhead over mm‐Wave transmission. This paper proposes a two‐layer CRAN architecture with intelligent mm‐Wave and micro‐Wave allocation. A dual connectivity framework has been introduced to increase the coverage of high‐mobility users. Further, it is shown that the proposed scenario reduces the load on the central processor and central back‐haul. To avoid unnecessary handoffs, a mobility management algorithm is also proposed, which can provide seamless connectivity to the users irrespective of their velocity. Further, through simulation results, it is shown that the proposed network outperforms the existing CRAN framework.
Improving the acousto‐optical interaction by an introduction of a planarisation SiO2 layer
Authors: Wang Rongwei , Fan Guofang , Zhang Zeping , Jing Yachao , Wang Muguang , Cai Xiaoyu , Wei Jiasi , Li Hongyu , Li Yuan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper introduces a planarisation SiO2 layer into the configuration of ZnO‐silicon‐on‐insulator for constructing an acoustical resonant cavity to enhance the acoustic density on a silicon‐on‐insulator waveguide. The improved configuration with a planarisation SiO2 layer can increase the acousto‐optical interaction by about three times and 20% compared with acousto‐optical configuration of ZnO pads only in an interdigital transducer region and all over a silicon on insulator. Moreover, an introduction of a planarisation SiO2 layer can reduce acoustic reflection on optical waveguide and optical waveguide loss for an acousto‐optical device on silicon‐on‐insulator optical waveguides.
Autonomous trail‐following unmanned aerial vehicle system based on resource partitioning of single hardware platform
Authors: Lim Yoojin , Kim Kyungil , Shin Jinah , Lim Chaedeok 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAs deep neural networks are spreading to almost all fields, flight systems in the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) domain are undergoing various transitions to intelligent systems. Among these transitions—in a bid to reduce flight risk—is the active research domain of autonomous navigation for intelligent UAVs. The autonomous trail‐following flight system that this letter introduces can safely consolidate flight control and mission control within the latest commercial hardware platform. The resource usage and degradation of pass‐through delay in vision‐based convolutional neural network workloads show that virtualisation overhead is not significantly negative, and the overall performance of the introduced system is acceptable. Real‐time cooperation is also verified as achievable—in that the workloads incur minimal communication delay—between the controls. Finally, the actual field test analysis demonstrates the applicability of our autonomous UAV system, whereby our system controls the UAV to follow the centre of a set trail.
Method for providing background traffic using IP random assigning in cyber range
Authors: Lee Changwon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis letter proposes a method for providing non‐periodic background traffic applicable to cyber ranges. Background traffic is essential to cyber ranges, but it should not be easily distinguished from malicious traffic. The proposed method removes the repetition period of background traffic by using a random number and random shuffling. Details of concatenating traffic data using random numbers and random permutations are presented. Fisher's exact test was conducted to test whether the periodicity of the traffic changes by applying the proposed method, and the results are also illustrated.
Optimal tag selection scheme for a backscatter communication system over the independent but not necessarily identically distributed Rayleigh fading channels
Authors: Liu Yingting , Ye Yinghui , Yan Guanghui , Ma Jiaxiu , Zhao Yongli 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis letter analyses the outage performance of the optimal tag selection scheme for the proposed backscatter communication system. The consumed power by the tag's circuit is considered and the harvested power is described using the non‐linear model. On the premise of the harvested power satisfying its own consumption, the tag that can maximise the received effective signal‐to‐noise ratio at the destination is selected to convey its own information. The analytical results of the outage probability for the proposed optimal tag selection scheme are derived over the independent but not necessarily identically distributed Rayleigh fading channels, and the diversity order is also obtained with the help of the derived high signal‐to‐noise ratio approximations. The numerical results verify our theoretical analysis and show that the proposed optimal tag selection scheme has the best performance compared to other counterparts under different parameter set‐ups.
Low bit‐based convolutional neural network for one‐class object detection
Authors: Kim Youngbin , Choi Ouk , Hwang Wonjun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLow‐performance systems such as mobile and embedded devices require an efficient deep neural network for object detection. In this letter, we propose a very efficient network made by both quantisation and model compression for detecting one class. First, our proposed network uses 1‐bit weights to reduce the kernel parameter size and 8‐bit activations to increase the speed. Second, we optimise the model size and computational power by compressing the maximum number of channels of the network. Therefore, compared to Darknet19, our proposed network infers 35 times faster on the CPU and saves over 7000 times memory. For fair evaluations, we built one‐class object detection databases to detect subtitles of various videos and a specific class from the Pascal VOC database. We verify, compared to Darknet19 and Tiny you only look once (YOLO), that the proposed optimised network does not degrade in object detection accuracy with the efficient and applicable parameter sizes and computational complexity.
Covariance matrix reconstruction and steering vector estimation for robust adaptive transmit/receive beamforming in full phased‐MIMO radar
Authors: Lu J. , Yang J. , Hou B. , Zhu F. , Liu G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe hybrid phased multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) radar with subarray partition can provide the transmit coherent gain of phased array and the waveform diversity of MIMO radar. The current researches mainly focus on the different subarray partition schemes of the transmit array. In this letter, a full phased‐MIMO (FPMIMO) radar with equally overlapped subarrays is introduced, and a robust adaptive transmit/receive beamforming algorithm is proposed based on the virtual interference‐plus‐noise covariance matrix (INCM) reconstruction and the virtual steering vector estimation. In the FPMIMO radar, the conventional beamforming is used for the signal transmission and reception on each subarray, and all subarrays can be assumed as a uniform linear array. Based on the presumed uniform linear array, the virtual INCM can be reconstructed by Eigen‐decomposition of the reconstructed INCM, and the virtual steering vector can be obtained by the estimated steering vector. With fewer antenna elements and sampling channels in the FPMIMO radar, simulation results demonstrate better performance of the proposed algorithm in a wide range of input signal‐to‐noise ratio.
Smart power flow node aimed at hybrid ac/dc power system for more electric aircraft
Authors: Zhao Yajun , Huang Wenxin , Bu Feifei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA smart power flow node (SPFN) aimed at a hybrid ac/dc electric power system (EPS) for future more electric aircraft is presented. The SPFN is researched to enhance the performance of the EPS. Based on the SPFN, new power flow paths are established for the EPS, and intelligent power flow management of the EPS is realised. A multi‐port topology is designed for the SPFN to be compatible with different ac and dc power ports. Moreover, three operating modes of the SPFN are studied to realise uninterrupted power supply, power support of high‐power load and power transfer of the feedback energy from regenerative load. The experimental results verify the feasibility and availability of the SPFN and show that the SPFN can improve the equivalent capacity as well as the power supply reliability of the EPS.
A dual‐phase‐conducted type bearingless switched reluctance flywheel motor with hybrid outer rotor
Authors: Zhou Yunhong , Jiang Jiahao , Sun Yukun , Zhu Zhiying 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA novel dual‐phase‐conducted type bearingless switched reluctance flywheel motor is proposed, which has a hybrid outer rotor comprising circular segment and scalloped lamination segment, and only one set of winding is placed on each stator pole. In order to drive the flywheel to accelerate or slow down, two phases of windings in this motor conduct simultaneously. One phase provides radial suspension force, and the other phase provides electromagnetic torque. There exits satisfying decoupling between torque and suspension force. With the circular segment of the rotor, the continuity and stability of radial force can be enhanced. Finite element analysis results confirm the feasibility of the theoretical scheme.