bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An integrative bioinformatics analysis for identifying hub genes associated with infection of lung samples in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Xie Tian-Ao , He Zhi-Jian , Liang Chuan , Dong Hao-Neng , Zhou Jie , Fan Shu-Jin , Guo Xu-Guang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
At the end of 2019, the world witnessed the emergence and ravages of a viral infection induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Also known as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it has been identified as a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) by the World Health Organization (WHO) because of its severity.

Methods
The gene data of 51 samples were extracted from the GSE150316 and GSE147507 data set and then processed by means of the programming language R, through which the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that meet the standards were screened. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed on the selected DEGs to understand the functions and approaches of DEGs. The online tool STRING was employed to construct a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs and, in turn, to identify hub genes.

Results
A total of 52 intersection genes were obtained through DEG identification. Through the GO analysis, we realized that the biological processes (BPs) that have the deepest impact on the human body after SARS-CoV-2 infection are various immune responses. By using STRING to construct a PPI network, 10 hub genes were identified, including IFIH1, DDX58, ISG15, EGR1, OASL, SAMD9, SAMD9L, XAF1, IFITM1, and TNFSF10.

Conclusion
The results of this study will hopefully provide guidance for future studies on the pathophysiological mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Burnout among medical students of the University of Kerbala and its correlates
Authors: Yahya Marwa Saad , Abutiheen Ali Abdulridha , Al- Haidary Amer Fadhil 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Burnout is prevalent among medical students. Throughout their training, medical students face many psychosocial stresses that, if not managed, might cause burnout syndrome. Burnout could negatively impact students’ life and their academic performance. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of burnout among medical students at the College of Medicine, University of Kerbala, and assess factors associated with it.
An analytic cross-sectional study. A sample of 424 students from all academic years from the College of Medicine, University of Kerbala, was approached. Data collection was conducted from June 11 to July 3, 2020, through a self-administered online questionnaire based on the Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey (MBI-SS). The MBI-SS included 15 questions with a 7-point rating ranging from 0 (never) to 6 (always). The tool measures three subscales: emotional exhaustion (5 questions), Cynicism (4 questions), and professional efficacy (6 questions). Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program version 24 was used for data analysis. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the association between burnout and students̓ variables, P value of a level < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results
The prevalence of burnout syndrome among medical students was 38.2%. About 85.6% of students had high emotional exhaustion, 77.8% had high cynicism, and 32.5% exhibited low professional efficacy. Female gender, regular use of legal substances, and family history of mental diseases were associated with significantly high rates of burnout.

Conclusions
Burnout is prevalent among medical students of the University of Kerbala with quite high levels of emotional exhaustion and cynicism and lower professional efficacy levels. Faculties of medicine need to consider burnout among their students and works to reduce unnecessary stresses by modifying and upgrading the educational and clinical environments.
Incidence of Diabetes in the Atomic Bomb Survivors: 1969-2015
Authors: Tatsukawa Yoshimi , Cordova Kismet , Yamada Michiko , Ohishi Waka , Imaizumi Misa , Hida Ayumi , Sposto Richard , Sakata Ritsu , Fujiwara Saeko , Nakanishi Shuhei , Yoneda Masayasu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Context
Recent epidemiological studies have shown increased risk of diabetes among childhood cancer survivors who received high therapeutic doses of radiation, particularly to the total body or to the abdomen. However, the effect of low-to-moderate dose radiation (&lt;4 Gy) on the risk of diabetes is still unknown.

Objectives
To investigate the radiation effect on diabetes incidence among atomic bomb (A-bomb) survivors, and whether the dose response is modified by other factors including city, sex, and age at time of bombing (ATB).

Methods
9131 participants without diabetes at baseline were observed through biennial clinical exams from 1969 to 2015. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) to evaluate the dose response for diabetes incidence.

Results
During the study period, 1417 incident diabetes cases were identified. The overall crude incidence rate was 7.01/103 person-years. Radiation dose was significantly associated with diabetes incidence, with effect modification by city and age ATB. In Hiroshima, at ages 10 and 30 ATB, the HRs at 1 Gy of pancreatic radiation dose were 1.47 (95% CI, 1.31-1.66) and 1.13 (95% CI, 0.97-1.31), respectively. However, no significant radiation dose response was observed at these ages in Nagasaki. The HR for radiation dose was higher among those who were younger ATB and decreased 1% for each additional year of age.

Conclusions
Among A-bomb survivors, a radiation association was suggested for incidence of diabetes. Results were inconsistent by city and age ATB, which could indicate potential confounding of the radiation association with diabetes.
Adrenal Incidentaloma: Prevalence and Referral Patterns From Routine Practice in a Large UK University Teaching Hospital
Authors: Hanna Fahmy W F , Hancock Sarah , George Cherian , Clark Alexander , Sim Julius , Issa Basil G , Powner Gillian , Waldron Julian , Duff Christopher J , Lea Simon C , Golash Anurag , Sathiavageeswaran Mahesh , Heald Adrian H , Fryer Anthony A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Context
Adrenal incidentalomas (AIs) are increasingly being identified during unrelated imaging. Unlike AI clinical management, data on referral patterns in routine practice are lacking.

Objective
This work aimed to identify factors associated with AI referral.

Methods
We linked data from imaging reports and outpatient bookings from a large UK teaching hospital. We examined (i) AI prevalence and (ii) pattern of referral to endocrinology, stratified by age, imaging modality, scan anatomical site, requesting clinical specialty, and temporal trends. Using key radiology phrases to identify scans reporting potential AI, we identified 4097 individuals from 479 945 scan reports (2015-2019). Main outcome measures included prevalence of AI and referral rates.

Results
Overall, AI lesions were identified in 1.2% of scans. They were more prevalent in abdomen computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans (3.0% and 0.6%, respectively). Scans performed increased 7.7% year-on-year from 2015 to 2019, with a more pronounced increase in the number with AI lesions (14.7% per year).
Only 394 of 4097 patients (9.6%) had a documented endocrinology referral code within 90 days, with medical (11.8%) more likely to refer than surgical (7.2%) specialties (P &lt; .001). Despite prevalence increasing with age, older patients were less likely to be referred (P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
While overall AI prevalence appeared low, scan numbers are large and rising; the number with identified AI are increasing still further. The poor AI referral rates, even in centers such as ours where dedicated AI multidisciplinary team meetings and digital management systems are used, highlights the need for new streamlined, clinically effective systems and processes to appropriately manage the AI workload.
A protein-trap allele reveals roles for Drosophila ATF4 in photoreceptor degeneration, oogenesis and wing development
Authors: Vasudevan Deepika , Katow Hidetaka , Huang Huai-Wei , Tang Grace , Ryoo Hyung Don 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Metazoans have evolved various quality control mechanisms to cope with cellular stress inflicted by external and physiological conditions. ATF4 is a major effector of the integrated stress response, an evolutionarily conserved pathway that mediates adaptation to various cellular stressors. Loss of function of Drosophila ATF4, encoded by the gene cryptocephal (crc), results in lethality during pupal development. The roles of crc in Drosophila disease models and in adult tissue homeostasis thus remain poorly understood. Here, we report that a protein-trap Minos-mediated integration cassette insertion in the crc locus generates a Crc-GFP fusion protein that allows visualization of Crc activity in vivo. This allele also acts as a hypomorphic mutant that uncovers previously unknown roles for crc. Specifically, the crc protein-trap line shows Crc-GFP induction in a Drosophila model for retinitis pigmentosa. This crc allele renders flies more vulnerable to amino acid deprivation and age-dependent retinal degeneration. These mutants also show defects in wing veins and oocyte maturation. Together, our data reveal previously unknown roles for crc in development, cellular homeostasis and photoreceptor survival.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
The role of MRI-based texture analysis to predict the severity of brain injury in neonates with perinatal asphyxia
Authors: Sarioglu Fatma Ceren , Sarioglu Orkun , Guleryuz Handan , Deliloglu Burak , Tuzun Funda , Duman Nuray , Ozkan Hasan 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
To evaluate the efficacy of the MRI-based texture analysis (TA) of the basal ganglia and thalami to distinguish moderate-to-severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) from mild HIE in neonates.

Methods:
This study included 68 neonates (15 with mild, 20 with moderate-to-severe HIE, and 33 control) were born at 37 gestational weeks or later and underwent MRI in first 10 days after birth. The basal ganglia and thalami were delineated for TA on the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps, T 1-, and T 2 weighted images. The basal ganglia, thalami, and the posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC) were also evaluated visually on diffusion-weighted imaging and T 1 weighted sequence. Receiver operating characteristic curve and logistic regression analyses were used.

Results:
Totally, 56 texture features for the basal ganglia and 46 features for the thalami were significantly different between the HIE groups on the ADC maps, T 2-, and T 2 weighted sequences. Using a Histogram_entropy log-10 value as &gt;1.8 from the basal ganglia on the ADC maps (p &lt; 0.001; OR, 266) and the absence of hyperintensity of the PLIC on T 1 weighted images (p = 0.012; OR, 17.11) were found as independent predictors for moderate-to-severe HIE. Using only a Histogram_entropy log-10 value had an equal diagnostic yield when compared to its combination with other texture features and imaging findings.

Conclusion:
The Histogram_entropy log-10 value can be used as an indicator to differentiate from moderate-to-severe to mild HIE.

Advances in knowledge:
MRI-based TA may provide quantitative findings to indicate different stages in neonates with perinatal asphyxia.
CT-derived relationship between low relative muscle mass and bone damage in patients with multiple myeloma undergoing stem cells transplantation
Authors: Tagliafico Alberto Stefano , Rossi Federica , Bignotti Bianca , Torri Lorenzo , Bonsignore Alessandro , Belgioia Liliana , Domineitto Alida 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
Sarcopenia or low muscle mass is related to worse prognosis in cancer patients. We investigated whether muscle mass is related to bone damage on CT in patients with multiple myeloma (MM).

Methods:
Approval from the institutional review board was obtained. N = 74 consecutive patients (mean age, 60.8 years ± 9.24 [standard deviation]; range, 36–89 years) for MM who underwent transplant were included. Sarcopenia cut-off points defined as skeletal muscle index (SMI) used were&lt;41 cm2/m2. To assess bone damage in MM the MSBDS (myeloma spine and bone damage score) was used. One-way analysis of variance and the X2 test were used. Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed to generate progression and survival curves according to SMI and MSBDS. The testing level was set at 0.05.

Results:
The median SMI was 47.1 ± 14.2 and according to SMI 18/74 (24%) had sarcopenia which was more prevalent in females (p.001). A strong and significant association between patients with low muscle mass and elevated bone damage (24/74, 32.4%) and patients with normal/non-low muscle mass low bone damage (30/74, 40.5%) was present. Multiple Logistic regression did not show any significant relationship or confounding influence among SMI and MSBDS regarding sex (p.127), cytogenetic status (p.457), staging (p.756) and relapse (.126). Neither SMI nor MSBDS resulted significantly related to overall survival as shown in Kaplan–Meier analysis.

Conclusion:
Sarcopenia and bone damage affected MM patients undergoing stem cell transplantation and are significantly associated.

Advances in knowledge:
Quantitative measurement of sarcopenia and bone damage on CT resulted present in MM patients undergoing stem cell transplantation and are significantly associated.
Development and application of a hybrid implementation research framework to understand success in reducing under-5 mortality in Rwanda
Authors: Hirschhorn Lisa R. , Frisch Miriam , Ntawukuriryayo Jovial Thomas , VanderZanden Amelia , Donahoe Kateri , Mathewos Kedest , Sayinzoga Felix , Binagwaho Agnes 
Published: December 2021

Background: We describe the development and testing of a hybrid implementation research (IR) framework to understand the pathways, successes, and challenges in addressing amenable under-5 mortality (U5M) – deaths preventable through health system-delivered evidence-based interventions (EBIs) – in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: We reviewed existing IR frameworks to develop a hybrid framework designed to better understand U5M reduction in LMICs from identification of leading causes of amenable U5M, to EBI choice, identification, and testing of strategies, work to achieve sustainability at scale, and key contextual factors. We then conducted a mixed-methods case study of Rwanda using the framework to explore its utility in understanding the steps the country took in EBI-related decision-making and implementation between 2000-2015, key contextual factors which hindered or facilitated success, and to extract actionable knowledge for other countries working to reduce U5M. Results: While relevant frameworks were identified, none individually covered the scope needed to understand Rwanda’s actions and success. Building on these frameworks, we combined and adapted relevant frameworks to capture exploration, planning, implementation, contextual factors in LMICs such as Rwanda, and outcomes beyond effectiveness and coverage. Utilizing our hybrid framework in Rwanda, we studied multiple EBIs and identified a common pathway and cross-cutting strategies and contextual factors that supported the country’s success in reducing U5M through the health system EBIs. Using these findings, we identified transferable lessons for other countries working to accelerate reduction in U5M. Conclusions: We found that a hybrid framework building on and adapting existing frameworks was successful in guiding data collection and interpretation of results, emerging new insights into how and why Rwanda achieved equitable introduction and implementation of health system EBIs that contributed to the decline in U5M, and generated lessons for countries working to drop U5M.
Comparison of Radiation Risk of Cancer Incidence among PA Mayak Workers Hired at Different Calendar Periods
Authors: Kuznetsova I. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose: comparative epidemiological analysis of cancer incidence rates among PA Mayak workers hired at different calendar periods.
Material and Methods: The cohort of PA Mayak workers hired at reactors, radiochemical, plutonium, water preparing and repair plants in 1948-1982 was selected for analysis of solid cancer (except lung, liver and bone) incidence. The cohort was divided into two subcohorts 1948-1958 and 1959-1982 years of hire.
Regression models of relative risk included the description of background rates and excess radiation risk was used.
Results: The radiation relative risk per 1 Gy was (ERR/Gy: 0.11; 95 % CI: 0.02; 0.21) in the subcohort of workers hired in 1948–1958 and was close to the estimates from previous studies for the whole cohort.
In the subcohort of workers hired in 1959–1982 the point estimate of ERR/Gy was 3 times higher than in the subcohort 1948–1958 years of hire, but it was not statistically significant in the whole dose range. Restriction of doses up to 2 Gy allowed to get significant estimate of ERR/Gy (0.45; 95 % CI: 0.04; 0.95), which 4 times higher the estimate in the first subcohort calculated with the same restriction (0.11; 95 % CI: -0.01; 0.25).
All subcohorts differences were not statistically significant and we can say about point distinctions only.
Experience of internationally qualified nurses providing palliative care in a New Zealand aged residential care facility
Authors: Angus Elizabeth , Reid Kate , Yamit Sigred , Coe Gill , Ryan Bridget , Crichton Sharyn 
Published: December 2021

Background:New Zealand is reliant upon internationally qualified nurses (IQNs) working within aged residential care (ARC), despite the fact that many of these nurses have limited or no ARC or palliative care experience before arriving in the country.Aims:To understand the issues faced by IQNs providing palliative care to people in ARC. To understand how the palliative aged residential care (PARC) specialist nurse team can best support IQNs.Methods:A thematic analysis was undertaken from five focus group interviews with IQNs (n=24) from ARC facilities in the Christchurch and Canterbury regions.Findings:Unfamiliarity with New Zealand 's palliative care and ARC systems, cultural differences and communication barriers caused internal struggles. Transitioning to a New Zealand approach to palliative care highlighted participants' adaptability and resilience. Consistent approaches to training and support by the PARC team and additional cultural training within New Zealand Competence Assessment Programmes (CAP) are required.Conclusion:Ongoing education, support and role modelling to develop confidence and reduce internal struggles are required for IQNs providing palliative care in ARC.
Inter-spacecraft offset frequency setting strategy in the Taiji program
Authors: Zhang Jiafeng , Yang Zhen , Ma Xiaoshan , Peng Xiaodong , Liu Heshan , Tang Wenlin , Zhao Mengyuan , Gao Chen , Qiang Li.-E. , Han Xiaoqing , Liu Binbin 
Published: December 2021

For controlling the beat frequency of heterodyne interferometry so that the Taiji program can detect gravitational waves in space, an offset frequency setting strategy based on a linear programming algorithm is proposed. Considering factors such as Doppler frequency shift, phase-locking scheme, laser relative intensity noise, and phase detector bandwidth, inter-spacecraft offset frequency setting results suitable for the Taiji program are obtained. During the six years of running the detection process, the use of frequency bounds in the range of [5 MHz, 25 MHz] showed that offset frequencies will remain unchanged for a maximum of 1931 days. If the upper and lower bounds are adjusted, and the relative motion between spacecraft is further constrained, the offset frequencies do not need to change during the time of the mission. These results may provide insights into selecting the phase detector and designing operation parameters such as orbit and laser modulation frequency in the Taiji program.
Influence on wide-angle doublet metalenses due to different types of all-dielectric metasurfaces
Authors: Toba Hidemitsu , Takagi Hidetsugu , Ohashi Michio , Otaki Katsura , Takigawa Yuichi 
Published: December 2021

It has been shown in previous literature that nearly diffraction limited focusing is possible by a doublet metalens up to almost 30 deg. This result indicates that metalenses can work well, even at oblique incidence. Although various meta-atoms have been proposed, as far as we know, there is no report that compares what kind of meta-atom is robust against oblique incidence. Here, we first numerically calculated the incident angle dependence of the three types of meta-atoms. The results show that the waveguide-type structure is the most robust to oblique incidence. Next, we performed rigorous electromagnetic simulations for the cylindrical doublet metalenses to compare the micropost type and waveguide type. These results indicate that a waveguide-type metasurface further improves the off-axis performance of the doublet lens previously introduced.
Nursing students’ experience of learning cultural competence
Authors: Antón-Solanas Isabel , Tambo-Lizalde Elena , Hamam-Alcober Nadia , Vanceulebroeck Valérie , Dehaes Shana , Kalkan Indrani , Kömürcü Nuran , Coelho Margarida , Coelho Teresa , Casa Nova Antonio , Cordeiro Raul , Sagarra-Romero Lucía , Subirón-Valera Ana B. , Huércanos-Esparza Isabel 
Published: December 2021

Introduction
European societies are rapidly becoming multicultural. Cultural diversity presents new challenges and opportunities to communities that receive immigrants and migrants, and highlights the need for culturally safe healthcare. Universities share a responsibility to build a fair and equitable society by integrating cultural content in the nursing curricula. This paper aims to analyze European student nurses´ experience of learning cultural competence and of working with patients from diverse cultural backgrounds.

Materials and methods
A phenomenological approach was selected through a qualitative research method. 7 semi-structured focus groups with 5–7 students took place at the participants’ respective universities in Spain, Belgium, Turkey and Portugal.

Results
5 themes and 16 subthemes emerged from thematic analysis. Theme 1, concept of culture/cultural diversity, describes the participants’ concept of culture; ethnocentricity emerged as a frequent element in the students’ discourse. Theme 2, personal awareness, integrates the students’ self-perception of cultural competence and their learning needs. Theme 3, impact of culture, delves on the participants’ perceived impact of cultural on both nursing care and patient outcomes. Theme 4, learning cultural competence, integrates the participants’ learning experiences as part of their nursing curricula, as part of other academic learning opportunities and as part of extra-academic activities. Theme 5, learning cultural competence during practice placements, addresses some important issues including witnessing unequal care, racism, prejudice and conflict, communication and language barriers, tools and resources and positive attitudes and behaviors witnesses or displayed during clinical practice.

Conclusion
The participants’ perceived level of cultural competence was variable. All the participants agreed that transcultural nursing content should be integrated in the nursing curricula, and suggested different strategies to improve their knowledge, skills and attitudes. It is important to listen to the students and take their opinion into account when designing cultural teaching and learning activities.