bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relating prostate‐specific antigen leakage with vascular tumor growth in a mathematical model of prostate cancer response to androgen deprivation
Authors: Barnaby Johnna P. , Sorribes Inmaculada C. , Jain Harsh Vardhan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe use of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) as a prognostic indicator for prostate cancer (PCa) patients is controversial, especially since it has been shown to correlate poorly with tumor burden. The poor quality of PSA as a biomarker could be explained by current guidelines not accounting for the mechanism by which it enters circulation. Given that mature blood vessels are relatively impermeable to it, we hypothesize that immature and leaky blood vessels, formed under angiogenic cues in a hypoxic tumor, facilitate PSA extravasation into circulation. To explore our hypothesis, we develop a nonlinear dynamical systems model describing the vascular growth of PCa, that explicitly links PSA leakage into circulation with changes in intra‐tumoral oxygen tension and vessel permeability. The model is calibrated versus serum PSA and tumor burden time‐courses from a mouse xenograft model of castration resistant PCa response to androgen deprivation. The model recapitulates the experimentally observed and – counterintuitive – phenomenon of increasing tumor burden despite decreasing serum PSA levels. The validated model is then extended to the human scale by incorporating patient‐specific parameters and fitting individual PSA time‐courses from patients with biochemically failing PCa. Our results highlight the limitations of using time to PSA failure as a clinical indicator of androgen deprivation efficacy. We propose an alternative indicator, namely a treatment efficacy index, for patients with castration resistant disease, to identify who would benefit most from enhanced androgen deprivation. A critical challenge in PCa therapeutics is quantifying the relationship between serum PSA and tumor burden. Our results underscore the potential of mathematical modeling in understanding the limitations of serum PSA as a prognostic indicator. Finally, we provide a means of augmenting PSA time‐courses in the diagnostic process, with changes in intra‐tumoral vascularity and vascular architecture.
‘Never mind children’s cognition, what about mine?’ Teachers’ perspectives of the enactment of policy: The case of metacognition
Authors: Branigan Heather E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEducational policy in the UK and beyond increasingly focuses on promoting skills that encourage learners to be independent thinkers and to self‐manage their own learning. While the educational benefits of metacognition (i.e., thinking about and managing one’s own thinking) are widely acknowledged, little attention has been paid to teachers’ perspectives about the enactment of such approaches within the educational setting. Thus, this interview study seeks to investigate Scottish primary schools teachers’ perspectives about the enactment of policy, using metacognition as an exemplar case. Analysis produced two broad themes that distinguished between ‘bottom‐up’ implementation of metacognitive approaches, and more commonly described ‘top‐down’ approaches promoted by local or national policy. The perceived ‘changing tide’ of externally set top‐down initiatives was described as particularly challenging for teachers to negotiate, resulting in a perceived crowding of the curriculum and associated ‘tick‐boxing’ practices. Results are discussed in relation to the process of enactment—arguing that the predominance of top‐down policy initiatives acts to restrict teachers’ agency by diminishing professionalism and promoting performativity.
One size does not fit all. Genomics differentiates among anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge‐eating disorder
Authors: Hübel Christopher , Abdulkadir Mohamed , Herle Moritz , Loos Ruth J. F. , Breen Gerome , Bulik Cynthia M. , Micali Nadia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveGenome‐wide association studies have identified multiple genomic regions associated with anorexia nervosa. No genome‐wide studies of other eating disorders, such as bulimia nervosa and binge‐eating disorder, have been performed, despite their substantial heritability. Exploratively, we aimed to identify traits that are genetically associated with binge‐type eating disorders.MethodWe calculated genome‐wide polygenic scores for 269 trait and disease outcomes using PRSice v2.2 and their association with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge‐eating disorder in up to 640 cases and 17,050 controls from the UK Biobank. Significant associations were tested for replication in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (up to 217 cases and 3,018 controls).ResultsIndividuals with binge‐type eating disorders had higher polygenic scores than controls for other psychiatric disorders, including depression, schizophrenia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and higher polygenic scores for body mass index.DiscussionOur findings replicate some of the known comorbidities of eating disorders on a genomic level and motivate a deeper investigation of shared and unique genomic factors across the three primary eating disorders.
The longitudinal relationship between family and peer teasing in young adulthood and later unhealthy weight control behaviors: The mediating role of body image
Authors: Rodgers Rachel F. , Simone Melissa , Franko Debra L. , Eisenberg Marla E. , Loth Katie , Neumark‐Sztainer Dianne 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveSociocultural theories hold that family and peer weight‐related teasing increases the risk for unhealthy weight control behaviors (UWCBs) by negatively impacting body image. Although much cross‐sectional support exists for these pathways, longitudinal data are lacking. This study tested the longitudinal relationships among peer and family teasing (occurrence and perceived impact) in early adolescence, body satisfaction in late adolescence, and UWCBs in young adulthood among a racially/ethnically and socioeconomically diverse population.MethodData were drawn from three waves of Project EAT over a 15‐year period (Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults), and included responses from 1,902 young adults (57% female).ResultsAmong female participants, a mediated indirect pathway emerged with family weight‐related teasing predicting increased engagement in UWCBs in early adulthood via poorer body image in late adolescence. In contrast, peer teasing did not predict body image or UWCBs. Among boys, the mediated indirect pathways were not significant. However, poor body image in late adolescent males predicted higher likelihood of engaging in UCWBs in early adulthood.DiscussionThese findings support the long‐term impact of family weight‐related teasing on greater risk for UWCBs among girls and young women, and poor body image as a mechanism accounting for this relationship. Moreover, the results highlight the poor body image among adolescent boys as a factor for increased risk of engaging in UWCBs in early adulthood. Pending replication in current cohorts, health promotion and prevention involving family members of early adolescents that address family weight teasing and body image are needed.
Synthesis of Imidazoles from Fatty 1,2‐Diketones
Authors: Bouchakour Mansouria , Daaou Mortada , Duguet Nicolas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUnsaturated vegetable oils and their corresponding fatty acid derivatives constitute interesting renewable platforms for the preparation of heterocycles, notably through the formation of oxygenated intermediates. In this work, fatty imidazoles were prepared from the corresponding 1,2‐diketones through Debus‐Radziszewski reaction. The reaction was optimized under microwave irradiation using a 1,2‐diketone derived from methyl oleate and ammonium acetate as a nitrogen source. Using benzaldehyde as a model substrate, the reaction occurs at 180 °C for 5 min and the desired imidazole was formed in 96 % GC yield. A range of aldehydes was tested under the optimized conditions and the corresponding imidazoles were obtained in 33–99 % isolated yields (20 examples).
Assessing non‐steady‐state erosion processes using paired 10Be–26Al in southeastern Tibet
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Long , Cui Li‐Feng , Xu Sheng , Liu Cong‐Qiang , Zhao Zhi‐Qi , Zhang Mao‐Liang , Liu‐Zeng Jing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractQuantifying erosion rates over various spatial and temporal scales across the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding mountains is crucial to understanding the topographic evolution of the orogen. In this work, we report a new dataset of 10Be‐derived basin‐wide erosion rates from the main tributaries and streams draining the eastern Himalayan syntaxis. The 22 basin‐wide erosion rates ranged from 78 ± 7 m Myear−1 to 3,490 ± 612 m Myear−1 across the study area. 26Al was contemporarily measured to evaluate the impact of sediment storage and non‐steady‐state erosion processes in the syntaxis region. The paired study of 10Be and 26Al reveals that several samples violated the steady‐state erosion assumption and were compatible with the scenario of perturbation of reworked sediments or deeply sourced materials introduced by landslides. For most samples, deep‐sourced materials with higher 26Al/10Be ratios were no longer perturbing the 10Be signals in river sediments. It is possible that the deep‐sourced materials had been wiped out of the basins before the collection of samples in this work. However, the perturbation of reworked sediments was observed over a range of basin scales, limiting the use of a single sediment sample as a representative erosion product for upstream basins. Compared with tectonically stable regions, the incorporation of reworked fluvial sediments, deeply sourced materials or sub‐glacial eroded materials into sampled sediments led to the decoupling between basin‐wide erosion rates and topographic or climatic indices. Caution should be taken when deriving erosion rates from rapidly eroding regions with old, deeply buried sediments such as the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, where calculated erosion rates may be highly overestimated.
Antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, analgesic, and hemostatic activities of Acanthopanax trifoliatus (L.) merr
Authors: Chen Zefeng , Cheng Shupeng , Lin Huiqiong , Wu Wenjing , Liang Liyi , Chen Xicai , Zheng Xi , He Yan , Zhang Kun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAcanthopanax trifoliatus (L.) Merr (AT) is a medicinal and edible plant with high nutritional value. The biological activity of A. trifoliatus (L.) Merr and its basis for injury treatment are explored in this paper. AT was ethanol‐extracted then refined separately with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n‐butanol. Active ingredients were analyzed, and anti‐bacterial, anti‐inflammatory, analgesic, and hemostatic effects were explored. Petroleum ether layer (PEL) extract produced the strongest antibacterial effect. Ethyl acetate layer (EAL) extract had the highest active substance content, with strong hemostatic and analgesic activities. Chloroform layer (CL) extract had the strongest anti‐inflammatory effect and significantly reduced IL‐1β protein expression. Active ingredients were analyzed using HPLC and UPLC‐MS to determine saponin, polyphenol, flavonoid, and characteristic ingredient contents. EAL extract had the highest polyphenol and flavonoid levels, including rutin, chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, and isochlorogenic acid C, which may contribute to its nutritional activities. The study provides a reliable theoretical and practical basis for the applications of AT nutraceutical products.
Concurrent chemoradiotherapy with additional chemotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A pooled analysis of propensity score‐matching studies
Authors: Li Minmin , Zhang Bin , Chen Qiuying , Zhang Lu , Mo Xiaokai , Chen Zhuozhi , Jin Zhe , Chen Luyan , You Jingjing , Zhang Shuixing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the benefits of adding induction chemotherapy (IC) and adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) to concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) based on propensity score‐matching (PSM) studies.MethodsEligible PSM studies were searched in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases from inception to September 1, 2020. The primary endpoints included overall survival (OS), distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS), and locoregional recurrence‐free survival (LRFS).ResultsA total of 14 trials consisting of 4086 participants were included. Significant benefits were observed between IC + CCRT and CCRT for OS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64–0.91) and DMFS (HR, 0.77; 95% CI: 0.64–0.94) with the exception of LRFS (HR, 1.14; 95% CI: 0.90–1.43). However, CCRT + AC did not achieve significant improvements.ConclusionsIC with CCRT yields significant survival benefits in terms of OS and DMFS, whereas CCRT with AC fails to achieve any additional benefit in all endpoints.
Characteristics and biologic effects of thermosensitive quercetin‐chitosan/collagen hydrogel on human periodontal ligament stem cells
Authors: Arpornmaeklong Premjit , Sareethammanuwat Maytha , Apinyauppatham Komsan , Boonyuen Supakorn 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThermosensitive hydrogels could function as scaffolds and delivery vehicle of natural flavonoids. The current study aimed to investigate effects of chitosan/collagen ratios on properties of thermosensitive beta‐glycerophosphate (bGP) chitosan/collagen hydrogels as delivery vehicle of quercetin and then examined effects of quercetin‐hydrogels on growth and cell viability of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). Microstructure and physical, mechanical and antioxidant properties and quercetin release profiles of the hydrogels were investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray powder diffraction analyses were performed to examine gelation process of the hydrogels. Antioxidant assays were conducted to measure antioxidant capacity of quercetin‐hydrogels. It was found that bGP‐chitosan/collagen hydrogels exhibited porous structures with interconnected pore architecture and could sustain quercetin release. Chitosan content improved well defined porous structure, increased porosity of the hydrogels and decreased releasing rate of quercetin from the hydrogels. The quercetin‐bGP‐2:1 (wt/wt) chitosan/collagen hydrogels exhibited antioxidant capacity and were able to promote growth of hPDLSCs in a dose dependent manner. In conclusion, the thermosensitive quercetin‐bGP‐2:1 (wt/wt) chitosan/collagen hydrogel demonstrated optimal properties of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering and sustained release of natural flavonoids. Incorporating quercetin in the chitosan/collagen hydrogel enhanced bioactive microenvironment that supported stem cell encapsulation.
An attempt to classify the botanical origin of honey using visible spectroscopy
Authors: Lorenc Zofia , Paśko Sławomir , Pakuła Anna , Teper Dariusz , Sałbut Leszek 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe production of honey, and especially the unifloral varieties, is limited by factors such as weather conditions or the availability of nectar flow and honeydew. This results in a deficit in supply leading to the adulteration of honey. If they are not properly labeled, customers cannot distinguish artificial / synthetic products from real honey. Currently, the basic, commonly used method for determining the varieties of honey (botanical origin) is palynological analysis. However, this procedure is quite difficult owing to the dearth of experienced staff in the field of melissopalynology.RESULTSA method for identifying and classifying natural honey accurately based on its botanical origin has therefore been proposed. This analysis would rely on the visible light spectra transmitted through a relatively thin layer of the substance of interest, regardless of deviations in thickness. We present algorithms for analyzing the transmittance spectra‐parametrization based on polynomial approximation (PMA) and applying a method for spectra selection and reduction (SSR) and a classical classification model (decision tree). A comparison is presented of the classification of four varieties of honey, confirmed by pollen analysis, obtained from the analysis of optically measured transmittance spectra of the samples. The algorithms that are compared contain a decision tree that uses raw data, data reduced by principal component analysis (PCA), and data after calculations based on the proposed algorithms alone (PMA and SSR) and together with the PCA method.CONCLUSIONThis novel method produced outstanding results in comparison with the standard PCA method and is helpful in identifying the botanical origin of honey effectively. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Aneurysmal Bone Cysts of the Paranasal Sinuses: The Mayo Clinic Experience and Review of the Literature
Authors: Smith Alyssa J. , Choby Garret , Van Gompel Jamie J. , Link Michael J. , Van Abel Kathryn M. 
Published: March 2021

Objective/HypothesisAneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are benign, lytic bone lesions, which rarely present in the paranasal sinuses. There is no published consensus on the appropriate diagnostic or treatment approach. Our objective was to elucidate the clinical behavior, treatment, and outcomes for patients with ABCs of the paranasal sinuses (psABCs).Study DesignRetrospective case series and system review of the literature.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed to identify patients evaluated at the authors' institution with psABC and consolidated with literature reports of psABC.ResultsEighty‐nine patients met inclusion criteria. The most common presenting symptom was painless facial swelling (n = 35, 39%). The ethmoid sinuses were the most common site involved (n = 55, 62%). Surgical approach was reported in 74 cases including 20 endoscopic and 54 with an open or combined approach. Fifty‐nine patients (71%) underwent gross total resection. Follow up data was reported for 67 patients. Fifteen patients (22%) were found to have recurrence or progression at follow up; 10/15 (66%) patients within the first 12 months, 14/15 (93%) within the first 24 months, and 1/15 (7%) greater than 24 months after treatment. Patients were more likely to have recurrence/progression if they presented with nasal discharge (P = .05), proptosis (P = .01), or orbital involvement (P = .03).ConclusionspsABCs typically present with painless swelling or nasal obstruction. Orbital involvement is a negative prognostic indicator with these patients more likely to have recurrence after treatment. Recurrence or progression of disease is most likely to occur within 2 years after treatment. Therefore, patients should be monitored closely during this time.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E2525–E2533, 2021
Frailty as a Predictor of Postoperative Complications Following Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Henry Roger K. , Reeves Russell A. , Wackym P. Ashley , Ahmed Omar H. , Hanft Simon J. , Kwong Kelvin M. 
Published: March 2021

Objective/HypothesisFrailty has emerged as a powerful risk stratification tool across surgical specialties; however, an analysis of the impact of frailty on outcomes following skull base surgery has not been published. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of the 5‐factor modified frailty index (mFI‐5) as a predictor of perioperative morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing skull base surgery.MethodsA mFI‐5 score was calculated for patients undergoing skull base surgeries using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database from 2005 to 2018. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association of increasing frailty with complications in the 30‐day postoperative period, with a subanalysis by operative location.ResultsA total of 17,912 patients who underwent skull base procedures were identified, with 45.5% of patients having a frailty score of one or greater; 44.9% were male and the mean age was 52.0 (±16.1 SD) years. Multivariable regression analysis revealed frailty to be an independent predictor of overall complications (odds ratio [OR]: 1.325, P < .001), life‐threatening complications (OR: 1.428, P < .001), and mortality (OR: 1.453, P < .001). Higher frailty also correlated with increased length of stay. When procedures were stratified by operative location, frailty correlated significantly with overall complications for middle, posterior, and multiple‐fossae operations but not the anterior fossa.ConclusionsFrailty demonstrates a significant and stepwise association with life‐threatening postoperative morbidity, mortality, and length of stay following skull base surgeries. mFI‐5 is an objective and easily calculable measure of preoperative risk, which may facilitate perioperative planning and counseling regarding outcomes prior to surgery.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:1977–1984, 2021
Spatial variability of prokaryotic and viral abundances in the Kermadec and Atacama Trench regions
Authors: Schauberger Clemens , Middelboe Mathias , Larsen Morten , Peoples Logan M. , Bartlett Douglas H. , Kirpekar Finn , Rowden Ashley A. , Wenzhöfer Frank , Thamdrup Bo , Glud Ronnie N. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHadal trenches represent the deepest part of the ocean and are dynamic depocenters with intensified prokaryotic activity. Here, we explored the distribution and drivers of prokaryotic and viral abundance from the ocean surface and 40 cm into sediments in two hadal trench regions with contrasting surface productivity. In the water column, prokaryotic and viral abundance decreased with water depth before reaching a rather stable level at ~ 4000 m depth at both trench systems, while virus to prokaryote ratios were increasing with depth, presumably reflecting the declining availability of organic material. Prokaryotic and viral abundances in sediments were lower at the adjacent abyssal sites than at the hadal sites and declined exponentially with sediment depth, closely tracking the attenuation of total organic carbon (TOC) content. In contrast, hadal sediment exhibited erratic depth profiles of prokaryotes and viruses with many subsurface peaks. The prokaryotic abundance correlated well to extensive fluctuations in TOC content at centimeter scale, which were likely caused by recurring mass wasting events. Yet while prokaryotic and viral abundances cross correlated well in the abyssal sediments, there was no clear correlation in the hadal sites. The results suggested that dynamic depositional conditions and higher substrate availability result in a high spatial heterogeneity in viral and prokaryotic abundances in hadal sediments in comparison to more stable abyssal settings. We argue that these conditions enhance the relatively importance of viruses for prokaryotic mortality and carbon recycling in hadal settings.
Facile Grafting Modification of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride‐co‐Trifluoroethylene) Directly from Inner CHCH Bonds
Authors: Wang Miao , Liao Jiani , Peng Biyun , Zhang Ying , Tan Shaobo , Zhang Zhicheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo endow new functions to poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) based fluoropolymers and expand their application fields, chemical modification is a useful tool to achieve this goal. In this work, the grafting of varied vinyl monomers onto PVDF backbone is achieved via the radical polymerization process using poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene) bearing CHCH double bonds (P(VDF‐TrFE‐DB)) as initiator, which is obtained by a controlled dehydrofluorination reaction of P(VDF‐TrFE). The graft copolymerization is achieved under mild conditions, and the composition of the graft copolymers can be regulated by changing the reaction conditions. Moreover, the introduction of low‐polar poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) side chains can effectively adjust the crystallization and dielectric properties of P(VDF‐TrFE). This work may offer a facile method for preparing PVDF‐based graft copolymers.