bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors, epidemiology and prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma in Finland
Authors: Barner‐Rasmussen Nina , Pukkala Eero , Hadkhale Kishor , Färkkilä Martti 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundCholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a cancer arising from the intra‐ and extrahepatic bile ducts. The early stages are often asymptomatic, CCA is frequently diagnosed in an advanced stage and the prognosis of CCA is often dismal.ObjectiveOur objective was to estimate the incidence of CCA in Finland and to identify risk factors for CCA, with a special interest in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).MethodsWe identified all CCA cases during 1974–2018 from the Finnish Cancer Registry and calculated age‐standardised incidence rates. Five controls for each case were extracted from the Population Registry, matched by age, gender and municipality of residence at the time of diagnosis. Odds ratios (ORs) for risk factors were estimated with conditional logistic regression and survival estimates with the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsIncidence of CCA remained stable in both genders; the age‐standardised rate (World Standard) in 2013–2017 in males and females was 1.7 per 100,000 person years and 1.3 per 100,000 person years, respectively. Primary sclerosing cholangitis carried a 30‐fold risk of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) and 25‐fold risk of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (eCCA). Diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease and liver cirrhosis were associated with iCCA, whereas cholelithiasis and viral hepatitis C were associated with eCCA. The cumulative 5‐year survival was 4.6%.ConclusionsThe incidence of CCA has been stable. Known risk factors for CCA were confirmed, with PSC having the highest OR. Survival remains poor.
Introduction
Authors: Parker Jay , Wexler Joyce 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPostcritical interpretations of Joseph Conrad’s political fiction look beyond the literary themes that so many critics have examined. Notwithstanding the ambiguity and irony in his work, postcritique accepts the paradoxical possibility that fiction can give rise to knowledge, that some passages are factual, accurate, and sincere. Each chapter recognizes the dark elements in Conrad’s fiction—deceit, vanity, avarice, lust, cynicism, and cruelty—yet the chapters perceive hopefulness as well. While these dispositions are compatible with the hermeneutics of suspicion fostered by critique, the willingness of postcritique to acknowledge a range of functions and feelings in literature leads many contributors to find hope in Conrad’s work.
Fractional differential relations for the Lerch zeta function
Authors: Fernandez Arran , Djida Jean-Daniel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe explore a recently opened approach to the study of zeta functions, namely the approach of fractional calculus. By utilising the machinery of fractional derivatives and integrals, which have rarely been applied in analytic number theory before, we are able to obtain some fractional differential relations and finally a partial differential equation of fractional type which is satisfied by the Lerch zeta function.
Digitalisierte Gesundheitsversorgung im Jahr 2030 – ein mögliches Szenario
Authors: Brönneke Jan Benedikt , Hagen Julia , Kircher Philipp , Matthies Henrik 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungAufgrund der schnell voranschreitenden Digitalisierung wird sich auch die Gesundheitsversorgung in den nächsten Jahren stark verändern. In Deutschland wurden durch neue gesetzliche Rahmenbedingungen bereits die Weichen z. B. für die elektronische Patientenakte (ePA), das E‑Rezept und die Einbindung digitaler Gesundheitsanwendungen (DiGA) gestellt. Das neue Fast-Track-Verfahren des Bundesinstituts für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte (BfArM) zur Bewertung der Erstattungsfähigkeit von DiGA ist ein wichtiger Schritt, dem in den nächsten Jahren weitere folgen werden.Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt anhand eine Zukunftsszenarios für das Jahr 2030, welche gesetzlichen, technischen und alltagspraktischen Veränderungen sich bis dahin ergeben haben könnten. Im Jahr 2030 könnte die Gesundheitsversorgung in individualisiert-integrierten Behandlungspfaden organisiert sein, die den Versicherten umfassende Begleitung bieten. Interoperable digitale Komponenten könnten strukturierte Daten z. B. für Forschungszwecke zur Verfügung stellen. Datenschutzangst könnte der Vergangenheit angehören, wenn das Datenschutzrecht reformiert und harmonisiert wird sowie neue Einwilligungsverfahren für PatientInnen entwickelt werden. Neue Berufsfelder könnten sich etablieren und der Marktzugang für innovative digitale Medizinprodukte weiter verbessert werden.Ein weiterer wichtiger Aspekt, der dazu beitragen kann, das Potenzial der digitalen Gesundheitsversorgung auszuschöpfen, ist die Schaffung eines europäischen Datenraums auf Basis einer technischen Infrastruktur, die hohe ethische und soziale Standards wahrt. Aktive Maßnahmen seitens der Gesetzgeber können die notwendigen Voraussetzungen dafür schaffen, dass Innovationen zugunsten der PatientInnen Eingang in das System finden und das deutsche Gesundheitssystem dem fortschreitenden medizintechnischen Wandel gerecht wird.
Numerical characterization of local and global non-uniformities in the load distribution in ball screws
Authors: Sangalli Luca , Oyanguren Aitor , Larrañaga Jon , Arana Aitor , Izquierdo Mikel , Ulacia Ibai 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLoad distribution in ball screws is a representation of the ball contact stress, and it is fundamental to understanding the behavior of these machine elements. This work aims to conduct a multi-variable analysis of the load distribution in ball screws. For this purpose, a numerical tool is developed for the generation and calculation of ball screw finite element (FE) models, which has been validated against the state of the art. This tool is based on the combination of an analytical contact model and the use of high-order FE models for the analysis of the load distribution of ball screws and stands out for its accuracy (less than 1% error against high-order FE models), adaptability, versatility (models are generated with more than 20 design variables and they can be introduced as components in larger models) and efficiency (being the computational time 1.25% of that of a high-order FE models) with respect to other existing models. Many different design variables (number of start threads, pitch, contact angle, ball size, slenderness and load arrangement) are studied in order to obtain a general characterization of the morphology of the load distribution in ball screws. Among them, the most influential variables on the load distribution and therefore on the structural behavior of ball screws are, load arrangement (with ratio r variations of up to 25% on the same ball screw) and slenderness (with ratio variations of up to 13% on ball screws with two turns of difference). The two most characteristic features, the non-uniformity at a local and global level are identified, along with as the possible causes of their appearance and the consequences that they may cause.
Designing libraries for pooled CRISPR functional screens of long noncoding RNAs
Authors: Pulido-Quetglas Carlos , Johnson Rory 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHuman and other genomes encode tens of thousands of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), the vast majority of which remain uncharacterised. High-throughput functional screening methods, notably those based on pooled CRISPR-Cas perturbations, promise to unlock the biological significance and biomedical potential of lncRNAs. Such screens are based on libraries of single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) whose design is critical for success. Few off-the-shelf libraries are presently available, and lncRNAs tend to have cell-type-specific expression profiles, meaning that library design remains in the hands of researchers. Here we introduce the topic of pooled CRISPR screens for lncRNAs and guide readers through the three key steps of library design: accurate annotation of transcript structures, curation of optimal candidate sets, and design of sgRNAs. This review is a starting point and reference for researchers seeking to design custom CRISPR screening libraries for lncRNAs.
Efficacy and safety of netupitant/palonosetron combination (NEPA) in preventing nausea and vomiting in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients undergoing to chemomobilization before autologous stem cell transplantation
Authors: Di Renzo Nicola , Musso Maurizio , Scimè Rosanna , Cupri Alessandra , Perrone Tommasina , De Risi Clara , Pastore Domenico , Guarini Attilio , Mengarelli Andrea , Benedetti Fabio , Mazza Patrizio , Capria Saveria , Chiusolo Patrizia , Cupelli Luca , Federico Vincenzo , Bozzoli Valentina , Messa Anna Rita , Matera Rosella , Seripa Davide , Codega Paolo , Bonizzoni Erminio , Specchia Giorgina 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is particularly challenging for patients receiving highly emetogenic preparative regimens before autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) due to the daily and continuous emetogenic stimulus of the multiple day chemotherapy. While studies have shown effective prevention of CINV during the conditioning phase with NK1 receptor antagonist (NK1RA)-containing regimens, there have been no studies evaluating antiemetic use during chemomobilization prior to ASCT.

Methods
This multicenter, open-label, phase IIa study evaluated the efficacy of every-other-day dosing of NEPA administered during chemomobilization in patients with relapsed-refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Eighty-one patients participated.

Results
Response rates were 77.8% for complete response (no emesis and no rescue use), 72.8% for complete control (complete response and no more than mild nausea), 86.4% for no emesis, and 82.7% for no rescue use during the overall phase (duration of chemomobilization through 48 h after). NEPA was well tolerated with no treatment-related adverse events reported.

Conclusion
NEPA, administered with a simplified every-other-day schedule, show to be very effective in preventing CINV in patients at high risk of CINV undergoing to chemomobilization of hematopoietic stem cells prior to ASCT.
The Combination of Beta-Blockers and ACE Inhibitors Across the Spectrum of Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Strauss Martin H. , Hall Alistair S. , Narkiewicz Krzysztof 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, affecting a wide range of patients at different stages across the cardiovascular continuum. Hypertension is one of the earliest risk factors in this continuum and can be controlled in most patients with currently available antihypertensive agents. However, goals are often not met because treatments are not optimized in terms of tailoring therapy to individual patients based on their hypertension subclass and cardiovascular risk profile and initiating early use of adapted-dose, single-pill combinations. In this context, beta-blockers in combination with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are of special interest as a result of their complementary actions on the sympathetic nervous system and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, two interlinked pathways that influence cardiovascular risk and disease outcomes. In addition to their antihypertensive actions, beta-blockers are used to manage arrhythmias and treat angina pectoris and heart failure, while ACE inhibitors provide cardioprotection in patients with acute coronary syndromes and treat congestive heart failure. A broad range of patients may therefore receive the combination in routine clinical practice. This paper examines the supporting evidence for beta-blockers and ACE inhibitors in each of the above indications and considers the rationale for combining these agents into a single pill, using data from bisoprolol and perindopril randomized controlled trials as supporting evidence. Combining these established antihypertensive agents into a single pill continues to provide effective blood pressure lowering and improved cardiovascular outcomes while allowing a greater proportion of patients to rapidly achieve treatment targets.
A revised classification of the sister tribes Palicoureeae and Psychotrieae (Rubiaceae) indicates genus-specific alkaloid accumulation
Authors: Berger Andreas , Valant-Vetschera Karin , Schinnerl Johann , Brecker Lothar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTribes Palicoureeae and Psychotrieae (Rubiaceae, Gentianales) are complex and speciose sister groups with a pantropical distribution. Since the initial studies on ipecacuanha more than two centuries ago, species of the group have been subject to numerous phytochemical studies yielding diverse specialized ("secondary") metabolites, most of them alkaloids. However, the generic limits within the tribes have long been unclear and only recently, monophyletic genera have been delimited and segregated from a once broadly circumscribed Psychotria. Thus, a phylogeny-based and taxonomically updated review of phytochemical literature was performed which allowed assigning the bulk of phytochemical data previously reported for Psychotria to various segregate genera such as Carapichea, Eumachia and Palicourea. This review not only challenges the common perception of Psychotria as a monoterpene-indole alkaloid-rich genus. It also highlights that each of its relatives differs by accumulating specific groups of alkaloids, which is of major importance for understanding animal-plant interactions such as herbivory, as well as for drug discovery. The alkaloid complement of each of these genera is here enumerated and discussed, which should provide a framework for future studies addressing the biosynthesis, evolution, ecological and pharmacological significance of specialized metabolite differentiation in this abundant, ecologically and ethnopharmacologically important group.
Developing non-residential building stock archetypes for LCI—a German case study of office and administration buildings
Authors: Buschka Michael , Bischof Julian , Meier-Dotzler Christina , Lang Werner 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To accomplish the national and international climate goals, building renovation and optimisation of their energy and resource efficiency are essential. Thus, reliable information on the building stock (BS) is necessary. Most previous building typologies are focussing on residential buildings and the operational phase. This paper shows the development of a methodology for generating non-residential building (NRB) typologies for life cycle inventory analysis (LCI) of building constructions. Hereby, archetypes of office, administration and department (OAD) buildings are developed, exemplarily for the German NRB stock.
The methodology can further be utilised for quantity surveying of urban material stocks, related recycling scenarios and waste management. Furthermore, the exemplarily generated archetypes provide necessary information for the estimation of realistic refurbishment scenarios.

Methods
Approaches for the development of NRB archetypes, the descriptions of associated building materials and the LCI of BS were analysed and integrated into a methodology. It provides a clear path on the classification in building usage categories and determination of relevant building parameters for conducting LCI studies. Its aim is the creation of NRB typologies, presenting construction materials and building geometry in a useful way for life-cycle assessments (LCA).
To demonstrate the methodology’s usability, it is applied to a case study with the sample of 161 OAD buildings, provided by the German NRB database ENOB:dataNWG. In combination with relevant literature on BS archetypes and materials, a sample OAD building typology has been created.

Results and discussion
Minimum data requirements for conducting simplified LCI calculation of BSs were identified by analysing existing LCA methods, like the German BNB system. Important clusters for developing NRB archetypes were determined: building usage category, building construction types and building age. These data gaps between required information for simplified LCA studies and available information in ENOB:dataNWG were identified, and solutions for closing these data gaps were proposed and tested. Since building archetypes must reflect the overall BS, uncertainties were discussed. The ENOB:dataNWG database was not completed at the time this paper was written, so comprehensive uncertainty analyses are important next steps.

Conclusions
This methodology development forms the groundwork for creating LCI building typologies for simplified LCA studies. It shows practically how to deal with a BS database and illustrates which typical values can be chosen for closing data gaps. The methodology was tested on an exemplary sample of OAD buildings. Based on this case study, the methodology concept was proven useful for the generation of a NRB typology.
Prediction of gas pressure in thin coal seams in the Qinglong Coal Mine in Guizhou Province, China
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zhang Yongqiang , Wang Jilin , Wen Xiaobin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThin coal seams in mines usually lack gas data. Thus, preventing and controlling gas outbursts of thin coal seams are difficult. In this study, a coal structure index, which is used to express the damage degree of coal, was estimated by logging curve. In accordance with the contour line of the floor of the coal seam, structural curvature was calculated to express the complexity of the coal seam structure quantitatively. Subsequently, relationships among the burial depth, thickness, coal structure index, structural curvature were analyzed on the basis of the gas pressure of coal seam. The gas pressure values of the coal seams of Nos. 22, 24, and 27 in the study area were predicted by multiple linear regression (MLR) and were then verified and analyzed. The deviation rate of the MLR method was 6.5%–19.7%, with an average of 13.0%. The average deviation rate between the predicted value and the measured value was 11.6%, except for the measuring point of No. 2, which had a large deviation. Results show that the prediction accuracy of the aforementioned method is acceptable and has practical value in the prediction of gas pressure in thin coal seams without measured data. The results in the gas pressure prediction provide a basis for evaluating the risk of gas outbursts in thin coal seams.
On Sobolev bilinear forms and polynomial solutions of second-order differential equations
Authors: García-Ardila J. C. , Marriaga M. E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGiven a linear second-order differential operator $${\mathcal {L}}\equiv \phi \,D^2+\psi \,D$$

L
≡
ϕ

D
2

+
ψ

D

with non zero polynomial coefficients of degree at most 2, a sequence of real numbers $$\lambda _n$$

λ
n

, $$n\geqslant 0$$

n
⩾
0

, and a Sobolev bilinear form $$\begin{aligned} {\mathcal {B}}(p,q)\,=\,\sum _{k=0}^N\left\langle {{\mathbf {u}}_k,\,p^{(k)}\,q^{(k)}}\right\rangle , \quad N\geqslant 0, \end{aligned}$$

B

(
p
,
q
)

=

∑

k
=
0

N

u
k

,

p

(
k
)

q

(
k
)

,

N
⩾
0
,

where $${\mathbf {u}}_k$$

u
k

, $$0\leqslant k \leqslant N$$

0
⩽
k
⩽
N

, are linear functionals defined on polynomials, we study the orthogonality of the polynomial solutions of the differential equation $${\mathcal {L}}[y]=\lambda _n\,y$$

L

[
y
]

=

λ
n

y

with respect to $${\mathcal {B}}$$
B
. We show that such polynomials are orthogonal with respect to $${\mathcal {B}}$$
B
if the Pearson equations $$D(\phi \,{\mathbf {u}}_k)=(\psi +k\,\phi ')\,{\mathbf {u}}_k$$

D

(
ϕ

u
k

)

=

(
ψ
+
k

ϕ
′

)

u
k

, $$0\leqslant k \leqslant N$$

0
⩽
k
⩽
N

, are satisfied by the linear functionals in the bilinear form. Moreover, we use our results as a general method to deduce the Sobolev orthogonality for polynomial solutions of differential equations associated with classical orthogonal polynomials with negative integer parameters.
Raise the dikes and re-use the past? Climate adaptation planning as heritage practice
Authors: Egberts Linde , Riesto Svava 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAcross Europe, coasts are drastically being changed to adapt to relative sea level rise, which will influence coastal landscapes and heritage in many ways. In this paper, we introduce a methodological starting point for analysing the ways in which landscape architects and spatial planners engage with coastal landscapes and coastal heritage in the context of current climate adaptation projects. We test these methodologies by applying them to the Marconi dike strengthening project in Delfzijl, the Netherlands. This city’s dike fortification is an interesting case, as it offers many opportunities for re-designing heritage. The city borders the Wadden Sea area, a tidal mudflat area protected as a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its natural and geological heritage values. The area also consists of a rich cultural landscape, which is overlooked in the public image and in local policy. We conclude that landscape architects and planners should strengthen not only the dike, but also the interpretation of the past that dominates policy and political debates in the area. We also find that the existing heritage production model of Ashworth and Tunbridge can provide some useful structure for understanding and contextualizing spatial planning for climate change as a way of doing heritage.
Imagining the Anthropocene with the Wadden Sea
Authors: Ritson Katie , de Smalen Eveline R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis contribution explores the potential of the Wadden Sea for the imagination of the Anthropocene. The concept of the Anthropocene represents a challenge to the cultural imagination, as it draws together deep, geological time, recent and current events, and long futures; the geographical and generational implications of justice; and the profound entanglement of human progress with ecological decline. We argue that the cultural landscape of the Wadden Sea is a space in which these paradoxes and connections are made visible and material. Literary and artistic works engaged with the Wadden Sea display a critical awareness of Anthropocene entanglements: in our analysis, we explore visual and textual representations of the Wadden Sea and show how it serves as a site for the imagination of the past and future of our planet.
Caring for seals and the Wadden Sea: Multispecies entanglements in seal rehabilitation
Authors: Hörst Doortje 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Wadden Sea is a busy environment in which multiple species share a limited space. Humans use the area for recreation and economic purposes, while it also represents an ecologically valuable space as one of the largest intertidal areas in the world. Sharing the Wadden Sea with multiple species is recognized as a challenge by a seal rehabilitation center in the Netherlands, who cares for seals and their habitat, the Wadden Sea. To diminish harmful effects of human-seal interactions, the seal rehabilitation center educates their visitors to care for the Wadden Sea through at least three different educational practices (seal releases, beach cleanups, and through an exhibition at the visitor center). By taking a relational perspective to analyze these educational moments, it becomes apparent that different “natures” are brought into being. That is, by creating different experiences in multiple circumstances, relations between what is experienced or enacted as being part of the Wadden Sea environment changes. An important focus in this article is the diverse positions humans take up in relation to the Wadden Sea as they are encouraged to care for it and the seals. Instead of taking a human and nature distinction as a starting point, I will show that these educational practices produce fluid and dynamic relations between “humans” and “nature,” enabling multiple engagements with the sea and those who inhabit it.