bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OXIDATIVE STATUS IN HEAVY SMOKERS: EFFECT OF NUTRITION SUPPLEMENTS
Authors: Bamonti Fabrizia , Novembrino Cristina , Gregori Dario , Lonati Silvia , Schiraldi Gianfranco , Cighetti Giuliana 
Published: June 2021

Long‐term cigarette smoking can cause oxygen free radical (ROS) formation and antioxidant capacity depletion, leading to oxidative stress involved in many disorders. Active ROS produces lipid peroxidation generating molecules such as oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) used as indexes of oxidative damage.An adequate diet and/or supplementation may attenuate this condition.To evaluate potential beneficial effects of supplementation with two different encapsulated formulas, consisting primarily of mixed juice powder concentrate, a placebo‐controlled double‐blind study was performed on 61 heavy smokers (>20 cigarettes/d, duration ≥10y, age 40–60y, 35 male). Subjects were randomized into 3 groups: A‐placebo; B‐fruit/vegetable; and, C‐fruit/vegetable/berry. We measured serum oxLDL and plasma free MDA (f‐MDA), the chemically active form, index of recent damage.Values (mean±SD) were compared at baseline (T0) and after 3 months supplementation (T1).Nutritional supplementation produced a decrease in oxidative damage indexes, more evident in group C than B, and seems to attenuate smoking effects.Support: NSA, Collierville, TN
Fetal growth only partially explains the increased risk for obesity in children of women who gain excessive weight during pregnancy: A large multi‐center, multi‐ethnic cohort study
Authors: Stettler Nicolas , Wrotniak Brian H. , Shults Justine , Butts Samantha 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate if fetal growth (assess by birth weight) explains the association of excessive pregnancy weight gain with obesity in the offspring at age 7 years.METHODS:Retrospective cohort study of 10,228 subjects of the Collaborative Perinatal Project (1959–72). Logistic regression was used after adjustment for important confounding factors, then, after further adjustment for birth weight.RESULTS:Pregnancy weight gain was excessive in 11% of women and 5.7% of offspring became overweight at age 7 years. Birth weight was higher after excessive vs. appropriate pregnancy weight gain and among overweight vs. non‐overweight children. Children of mothers who gained excessive vs. appropriate weight were more likely to be overweight: OR= 1.48, 95%CI: 1.06–2.06, p=0.02. After adjusting for birth weight, the association magnitude relative decrease was 5%, but it remained significant: 1.40, 1.00–1.95, 0.05.CONCLUSIONS:Fetal growth only partially explains the increased risk for obesity in children of women who gain excessive weight during pregnancy, perhaps due to fetal programming expressed after the neonatal period. Improved adherence to pregnancy weight gain recommendations may be a new and effective way to prevent childhood obesity, independent of fetal growth, since, currently, 46% of U.S. women exceed these recommendations. Support: Nutrition Center of The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Nutrient adequacies in mexican children
Authors: Rosas Verónica Mundo , Ramírez Sonia Rodríguez , Levy Teresa Shamah 
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to describe the reported energy, nutrient intake and adequacies in mexican children. We studied a national probabilistic sample of 3705 from 12 to 59 months of age in the National Survey of Health and Nutrition 2006 in Mexico (ENSANUT‐2006). A 7‐days semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used. Nutrient adequacies were estimated using the Dietary Reference Intakes and stratified according to area (urban or rural) and socioeconomic status (SES). SES was determined by household characteristics and possessions of goods and divided into tertiles (low, middle and high). Intake and dietary inadequacy risk (adequacy <50%) were estimated.Our results revealed that energy, macro and micro‐nutrient adequacies were lower in rural (RA) than in urban areas (UA). The risk of inadequacy (RI) in rural areas was: Energy: 16.5% RA vs 7.4% UA, vitamin A: 21.4% RA vs 10.6% UA, folate:17% RA vs 13.8 UA and calcium: 18.2% RA vs 11.2% UA.The RI was higher in the low SES: Energy: 14.9%, vitamin A: 18.4%, folate:17.7% and calcium: 18.3%. The RI iron was lower (<5%) in all areas and SES. However 1.6% of the median national total iron intake provides from to heme iron.Mexico is experiencing a inequalities across areas and socioeconomic status. This information can contribute to the decision making to focus the beneficiaries of food programs, using indicators of available and access to foods.
The Role of ICOS in Peripheral Inflammation in Lupus
Authors: Eardley Leah Diane , Odegard Jared , Craft Joseph 
Published: June 2021

T and B cells, dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages infiltrate the kidneys of lupus‐prone mice, with analogous infiltrates found in humans with lupus nephritis. These cells, as well as circulating autoantibodies, can produce severe renal disease in lupus. We are interested in the role of CD4+ T cells in promoting such inflammation. We have also utilized the costimulatory molecule ICOS to investigate the mechanisms by which CD4+ T cells contribute to peripheral inflammation in lupus.Our lab and others have demonstrated that the costimulatory molecule ICOS is necessary for cellular infiltration into the kidneys of MRL/Faslpr mice, a murine model of lupus. ICOS−/− MRL/Faslpr mice have greatly reduced renal cellular infiltrates. The infiltrates of kidneys were characterized by FACS, immunofluorescence, and histology. ICOS is expressed on the majority of CD4+ T cells found in the kidney. Ex vivo stimulated ICOS−/− CD4+ T cells from MRL/Faslpr mice produce significantly less quantities of effector cytokines, such as IFNγ, TNFα, IL‐10, and IL‐5, compared to ICOS+/+ CD4+ T cells from MRL/Faslpr mice. However, similar levels of certain chemokines, including MIG, are found in ICOS−/− MRL/Faslpr kidneys, compared to ICOS+/+ MRL/Faslpr kidneys. In addition, ICOS+/+ and ICOS−/− MRL/Faslpr CD4+ T cells expressed similar amounts of some chemokine receptors (CXCR3, the receptor for MIG), but altered amounts of other chemokine receptors (CCR6). Although the implications for CD4+ expression of CCR6 is unclear, as less than 10% of kidney infiltrating CD4+ T cells express CCR6. Taken together, these data demonstrate ICOS dependent and independent cytokine and chemokine production in lupus mice, as well as chemokine receptor expression by CD4+ T cells in MRL/Faslpr mice.
Interaction sites on H2Dd for Ly49A‐dependent natural killer (NK) cell licensing
Authors: Choi Taewoong , Poursine‐Laurent Jennifer , Matsumoto Naoki , Yokoyama Wayne M 
Published: June 2021

NK cells become functionally competent through the interaction of NK cell inhibitory receptors with their cognate self‐MHC ligands, a process termed “licensing.” Licensed NK cells express self‐MHC‐specific receptors and can be triggered through their activation receptors to produce cytokines. Structural studies indicated that the Ly49A inhibitory receptor interacts with two sites on its H2Dd ligand. Site 2 encompasses the α1/α2/α3 domains of the H2Dd heavy chain and β2‐microglobulin (β2m), and is the functional binding site for the Ly49A in effector inhibition. However, it is currently unknown whether this same site is involved in Ly49A‐dependent licensing. Herein, we produced transgenic C57BL/6 mice expressing wild type, or mutant H2Dd molecules with site 1 or site 2 point mutations and studied whether Ly49A+ NK cells are licensed. Our data from these transgenic mice and human β2m‐transgenic, murine β2m‐deficient mice indicate that site 2 is critical in Ly49A‐dependent NK cell licensing. Thus, NK cell licensing through Ly49A involves interactions with its MHC ligand that are similar to those involved in effector inhibition.Supported by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and grants from the NIH.
The role of traditional foods for infants and young children in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Roche Marion Leslie , Creed‐Kanashiro Hilary M , Tuesta Irma , Kuhnlein Harriet V 
Published: June 2021

Rationale. To understand the role of traditional foods in dietary quality and child growth, Awajún infant and young child feeding practices and nutritional status must be established. Methods. Research took place in 6 Awajún communities, Cenepa, Peru. Mothers completed repeat dietary recalls and infant feeding histories for their children (n= 32, 0–25 mo). Adequacy of complementary foods was compared to WHO guidelines. Anthropometry was measured to estimate nutritional status. Results. Based on dietary data some infants received adequate nutrition from breastfeeding and complementary foods; however, feeding practices varied. Complementary feeding from 12–23 months was nearer nutrient intake recommendations than for 6–11 months. Purchased or donated foods were not as nutrient dense as traditional foods. Overall, 39.4% of the children were stunted (HAZ <−2), with mean HAZ −1.71 ± SD 1.41. Nutritional status declined with increasing age. Conclusions. Several mothers practiced exclusive breastfeeding and appropriate complementary feeding with Awajún traditional foods; however, given the range of feeding practices, introduction of market foods and inadequate nutritional status of children, health promotion for infant and young child feeding is warranted.Funding: Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR), Institutes of Aboriginal Peoples Health (IAPH) & Population and Public Health (IPPH)
Development of web‐based nutrition education system for prevention and management of childhood obesity
Authors: Hyun Taisun H. , Yon Miyong , Han Young‐Hee , Park Chan , Yoo Kwan‐Hee 
Published: June 2021

Increase in childhood obesity is a serious problem worldwide. To combat this issue, web‐based nutrition education may be effective due to easy access and availability to children. We developed a website consisting of 3 parts; 1) to self‐assess obesity index, dietary intake and behavior, energy consumption, food frequency, nutrition knowledge, and the stages of behavioral change. This site also provides messages on the assessment results and advice for improvements; 2) to keep follow‐up records for a user to establish dietary and exercise goals, and to maintain follow‐up records of dietary intake and exercise; and 3) to allow children to study by providing tailored information and games. For this entire system, a screening instrument (dietary behavior, nutrition knowledge and etc.) was developed and the reliability was tested. A database including nutrients of 500 common cooked foods was created to calculate dietary intake, and a database with energy expenditure of 165 physical activities was developed to calculate energy expenditure. Message source files designed for all potential feedback for each individual were also created. Our web‐based tailored nutrition education system can be used by a child alone or with parents or teachers who desire to control body weight through healthy eating habits and physical activities.Research Support: Korea Research Foundation Grant (2005‐KRF‐204‐C00102)
Social‐class specific, prescriptive‐eating menus for Guatemalans: A Positive Deviance approach
Authors: Campos J Raquel , Solomons Noel W. , Vossenaar Marieke , Soto Maria J. , Medina Susana , Anderson Annie S. 
Published: June 2021

Background:Consuming diets closely guided by the 1997 World Cancer Research Fund tenets for cancer prevention could reduce tumor incidence.Objectives:To elaborate social‐class specific menu guides for a cancer‐risk reducing diet for Guatemalans using a Positive Deviance approach.Methods:A total of 873 Guatemalan participants from 3 SES groups were enrolled: rural (n=301); low‐income urban SES (n=298); and higher‐income urban SES (n=274). Subjects with inadequate diets and current smokers were excluded from analysis. Concordance with 14 selected WCRF/AICR individual guideline components, related to diet and lifestyle, were evaluated to select subjects' regimens to serve as models for elaborating the eating guides.Results:Among 873 surveyed, we identified a final total of 23 model finalists from the rural, 21 from the low‐income urban, and 15 from the high‐income urban classes, those with compliance with the highest number of selected WCRF/AICR guideline components. The food frequency records for 14 individuals per class, corrected in the remaining components, were the basis of the 42 single‐day menus to create a diet guide.Conclusion:Adherence to such culturally‐sensitive menu guides could contribute to reduction of cancer in Guatemala.Sponsored by WCRF and AICR
THE INFLUENCE OF DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID (DHA) ON RAT OVULATION
Authors: Broughton Kenneth Shane , Hahn Brittney L , Ross Erica Christine , Barber‐Heidal Kimberly 
Published: June 2021

Pregnant rat dams were fed diets enriched in DHA (0.3g/100g diet), EPA (0.3), arachidonic acid (0.3) or mixed EPA and DHA (0.3/.3 or 0.15/0.15). The diet influence on tissue composition, ovulation and ovarian prostaglandin synthesis was assessed in female offspring at 26 days of age following ovulation induction. EPA alone or in concert with DHA at 0.3g resulted in the lowest ovarian long‐chain n‐6 PUFA incorporation. This was offset by elevated LA tissue incorporation when compared to DHA alone. When DHA was fed alone, tissue long‐chain n‐6 increased exceeding that seen when ARA was fed, though not differing from control (0.15g LA/100g diet).With DHA feeding alone, total PGE increased almost 2‐fold over control while neither differed from the other treatments. The increased PGE was induced by marked elevation in PGE3 with unaltered PGE2 release. PGE2 remained unchanged in all dietary treatments while PGE3 increased in response to DHA alone. Total PGF did not differ from control in any dietary treatment though PGF2α in response to ARA was significantly (P<0.05) greater than that seen with DHA. DHA at the 0.3 level, alone or with EPA, resulted in elevated PGF3α when compared to control or to all of the experimental diets. Consumption of the experimental diets did not alter ovulation from control though the EPA only diet yielded a higher ovulation when compared to the D/E .15 diet.
Regional Hypoxia In Ischemic Cremaster Muscle Microcirculation
Authors: Duggan William , Ashby Marc , Hui Pan , Damaser Margot S. , Siemionow Maria 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: The purpose of our study was to test the hypothesis that ischemia of the cremaster muscle induces extensive hypoxia and significantly reduces blood flow of the microcirculation.Methods: 12 Lewis rats (75–100g) divided into 4 experimental groups underwent cremaster muscle preparations for in vivo microcirculatory recordings. Group 1 acted as the control group, whilst groups 2, 3 and 4 underwent 2, 4 and 6 hours of ischemia respectively by clamping the cremaster pedicle. After ischemia hypoxyprobe‐1 (pimonidazole hydrochloride, which demonstrates hypoxia by adducting with proteins in cells having oxygen concentrations <14 ìM) was applied topically to the isolated cremaster muscle. In the control group the hypoxyprobe‐1 was applied after 6 hours without any ischemia. Hydroxyprobe‐1 was localized by primary mouse monoclonal antibody.Results: All cremaster muscles within the ischemic groups demonstrated hypoxia as indicted by the immunohistochemistry for hypoxyprobe‐1. No tissue hypoxia was seen in the control group.Conclusions: We have proved our hypothesis that 2,4 and 6 hours of induced ischemia within the cremaster muscle results in local hypoxia which increases with increased ischemic time
Influence of sympathetic vasoconstriction on contraction‐ and mechanically‐induced rapid vasodilation in humans
Authors: Carlson Rick E , Pudwill Linnea , Kirby Brett S , Markwald Rachel R , Voyles Wyatt F , Dinenno Frank A 
Published: June 2021

Brief muscle contractions elicit a rapid vasodilation that appears due, in part, to mechanical effects on the vasculature. We tested the hypothesis that sympathetic tone modulates contraction‐ and mechanically‐induced rapid vasodilation in humans. We measured forearm blood flow (FBF; Doppler ultrasound) and calculated the vascular conductance (FVC) responses to a range of single, 1‐sec isometric contractions (10–75% maximum voluntary contraction; MVC) and mechanical compressions (50–300 mmHg) of the forearm. Contractions and compressions were performed during supine control conditions and during 10 degrees head‐down tilt (HDT; sympathetic inhibition; n = 10), and compressions were also performed during control and during −20 mmHg lower body negative pressure (LBNP; sympathetic activation; n = 10). HDT increased and LBNP decreased resting FVC by ∼20%, respectively. The immediate (1st cardiac cycle post contraction) vasodilator responses at 10 and 25% MVC were greater during HDT vs control, as were the total hyperemic responses to all contraction intensities (P<0.05). In contrast, alterations in sympathetic tone via HDT or LBNP did not influence the vasodilator responses to forearm compressions (all P>0.05). We conclude that sympathetic tone restrains contraction‐induced rapid vasodilation, but does not influence mechanically‐induced vasodilation in humans.Supported by AG‐022337
GSK‐3β suppresses myogenic differentiation through negative regulation of NFATc3
Authors: Langen Ramon , van der Velden Jos , Willems Jodil , Kelders Marco , Schols Annemie 
Published: June 2021

Skeletal muscle atrophy is a prominent and disabling feature in many chronic diseases. Prevention or reversal of muscle atrophy by stimulation of skeletal muscle growth is a potential therapeutic strategy. Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3beta (GSK‐3beta) has been implicated in negative regulation of skeletal muscle growth. The aim of this study was to investigate if inhibition of GSK‐3beta stimulates myogenic differentiation via Nuclear Factor of Activated T‐cells (NFAT).GSK‐3beta knock‐down in C2C12 myoblasts or genetic deficiency in myogenically converted MEFs enhanced myotube formation and muscle specific gene expression during differentiation. GSK‐3beta deficient MEFs or myoblasts displayed enhanced nuclear translocation of NFATc3, and elevated NFAT‐sensitive promoter transactivation. Over‐expression of NFATc3 increased muscle gene promoter transactivation. Finally, stimulation of muscle gene expression observed following GSK‐3beta inhibition was strongly attenuated in NFATc3‐deficient myoblasts, indicating that this response requires NFATc3. In conclusion, negative regulation of myogenic differentiation by GSK‐3beta occurs through a transcriptional mechanism which depends on NFATc3. Inhibition of GSK‐3beta may be a potential strategy in prevention or treatment of muscle atrophy.This work was supported by a research grant of the Netherlands Astma Foundation (NAF 3.2.02.63).
New metabolic 13C isotopomer modeling approach for elucidating brain neuron‐glia metabolism
Authors: Shestov Alexander A , Ugurbil Kamil , Henry Pierre‐Gilles 
Published: June 2021

Current brain two‐compartment neuronal‐glial metabolic models [1] use total 13C turnover curves at each carbon position (“positional models”) but do not take advantage of the additional information from 13C isotopomers, which appear as multiplets in 13C spectra and can now be measured and quantified in vivo [2], to determine metabolic fluxes, such as the glutamine‐glutamate neurotransmission flux VNT. We developed a new neuronal‐glial metabolic model (“isotopomer model”) capable of taking into account the additional information from 13C‐13C multiplets. The new metabolic model allows fitting of each dynamic NMR multiplet curve e.g. for glutamate obtained during i.v. C1,6‐glucose infusion (for example GluC4S, Glu‐C4D43, etc, Fig. 1). Monte‐Carlo simulations show that the new model leads to a significant improvement in the precision of metabolic fluxes (Fig. 2). For example, the standard deviation on VNT was 670% with the positional model and just 19% with the isotopomer model.Conclusion: we developed a new metabolic model to take into account the additional information from 13C isotopomers, which appear as multiplets in 13C spectra. The additional information provides significantly increased precision in fitted metabolic fluxes.This work was supported by NIH R01NS38672 and P41RR08079.
Histamine regulates heart rate during digestion in pythons
Authors: Skovgaard Nini , Wang Tobias 
Published: June 2021

The intrinsic heart rate of most vertebrates, including humans, is elevated during digestion, suggesting that a non‐adrenergic‐non‐cholinergic (NANC) factor contributes to the postprandial tachycardia. The NANC factor(s) may be released from the digestive organs, but the regulating factors remain elusive and difficult to identify. Pythons can ingest very large whole meals and digestion is associated with a marked rise in metabolism that is sustained for several days. The metabolic rise causes more than a doubling of heart rate and a four‐fold rise in cardiac output. This makes the python an interesting animal to investigate the postprandial tachycardia. We measured blood pressure and heart rate in fasting Python regius and at 24 and 48h after ingestion of a meal amounting to 25% of body weight. Digestion caused heart rate to increase from 25 to 56 min−1, while blood pressure was unchanged. The postprandial rise in heart rate was partially due to a doubling of the intrinsic heart rate (from 28 to 55 min−1), revealed after double autonomic block. The H2‐antagonist did not affect heart rate of fasting snakes, but decreased heart rate by 15–20 min−1 at 24h into digestion, while it had no effects at 48h. Thus, the histaminergic tone on the heart rose from none to 30% at 24h, but vanished after 48h. Bolus injection of histamine exerted a positive chronotropic effect in fasting snakes, but the effect was abolished during digestion. Our study strongly indicates that histamine regulates heart rate during the initial phase of digestion in pythons.Supported by the Danish Research Council.
An improved histone deacetylase (HDAC) assay and its application for high‐throughput screening of inhibitors against Cryptosporidium parvum enzymes
Authors: Rider Stanley Dean , Zhu Guan 
Published: June 2021

High throughput screens (HTS) for HDAC inhibitors are commercially available. The assays involve a two‐part reaction with deacetylation of a substrate followed by development of a chromophore/fluorophore using trypsin‐like proteases. A major obstacle for colorimetric and fluorometric HTS is that compound libraries are replete with visible light absorbing chemicals that can produce false discoveries. The addition of a second fluorogenic substrate that is responsive to trypsin‐like proteases (Bodipy FL casein; Molecular Probes) can reduce false discoveries resulting from general absorbance artifacts or from protease inhibitors. This modification was tested in combination with a commercially available screen (Fluor de Lys; BioMol) and a unique Cryptosporidium parvum HDAC that has been identified as a potential druggable target for antiparasitic chemotherapy. The signal window was unacceptably small for HTS when used with the C. parvum HDAC. To overcome this difficulty, individual buffer components were tested to optimize the assay for use with the parasite enzyme. Adding manganese chloride to the reaction buffer widened the signal window to acceptable levels. The improved assay is suitable for HTS with the C. parvum HDAC.This research was kindly supported by the NIH‐NIAID through grant R21AI068461.