bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the status and influence factors of caregiver's quality of life on caring for patients with chronic wound during COVID‐19 epidemic
Authors: Huang Yao , Mao Bei Qian , Ni Peng Wen , Wang Qi , Xie Ting , Hou Lili 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to investigate the status and influence factors of caregiver's quality of life (QOL) on caring for patients with chronic wound during COVID‐19 epidemic. A prospective cross‐sectional study of 83 informal caregivers was included. The characteristics of informal caregivers as well as their QOL assessment by the Family Dermatology Life Quality Index (FDLQI) were measured, respectively. Single‐factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were carried out to explore the independent influence factors of QOL of caregiver on caring for patient with chronic wound. 62.65% of the caregivers were female with a mean age of (54.24 ± 12.6) years, and 34.9% of the caregivers were parents. The mean FDLQI score was 13.01 ± 7.53 at a high level. The following variables influenced the FDLQI scores of caregivers: self‐care ability of patients, patient's satisfaction of home‐based wound care, and home‐based wound care need of caregivers. The model was able to explain 29.9% of variance in QOL of caregiver (F = 6.561, P = .000, R2 = 0.299, adjusted R2 = 0.253). In conclusion, the impact of chronic wound disease on the QOL of caregivers is heavy during COVID‐19 epidemic. Wound professionals are suggested to pay attention to wound care need at home and QOL of caregiver on caring for patients with chronic wound during COVID‐19 epidemic and develop tailored wound health education and support programme in order to improve the QOL of caregivers.
Effectiveness of nursing interventions for preoperative anxiety in adults: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Ruiz Hernández Carolina , Gómez‐Urquiza José L. , Pradas‐Hernández Laura , Vargas Roman Keyla , Suleiman‐Martos Nora , Albendín‐García Luis , Cañadas‐De la Fuente Guillermo A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsThe aim of this review and meta‐analysis is to analyse the effectiveness of nursing interventions for the management of preoperative anxiety in adults.BackgroundThe perioperative process is a stressful situation for many people who are going to be operated and it can generate feelings of anxiety. Also, preoperative anxiety can appear in the perioperative period. Nursing management of preoperative anxiety through individualized interventions can be effective for reducing anxiety.DesignA systematic review with meta‐analysis was performed.Data sourcesCINAHL, CUIDEN, Pubmed, ProQuest and Scopus databases were consulted without restriction per year of publication. The search was conducted in February 2020.Review methodsExperimental studies on nursing management in preoperative anxiety with adults sample (>18 years) published in English and/or Spanish were included. All types of surgery were included in the review. A random effects meta‐analysis was performed to estimate the effect size for preoperative anxiety measured with STAI.ResultsAfter the selection process n = 9 quantitative studies with nursing interventions for preoperative anxiety were included. A preoperative educational and informative interview was used in six studies, one study used empathic interview, one used motivational interview and one used hand massage. The meta‐analysis, including four studies using nursing interviews, had a sample of n = 419 in the intervention group and n = 445 in the control group. The mean difference in preoperative state anxiety measured with the STAI was in favour of the nursing intervention.ConclusionNursing interventions for patients who are going to be operated seems to have a positive impact in their preoperative anxiety. However, due to the low number of studies and the heterogeneity of the sample, more research is needed about the topic.
Environmental correlates of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity in the Atlantic Forest
Authors: Paz Andrea , Brown Jason L. , Cordeiro Carlos L. O. , Aguirre‐Santoro Julian , Assis Claydson , Amaro Renata Cecilia , Raposo do Amaral Fabio , Bochorny Thuane , Bacci Lucas F. , Caddah Mayara K. , d’Horta Fernando , Kaehler Miriam , Lyra Mariana , Grohmann Carlos Henrique , Reginato Marcelo , Silva‐Brandão Karina Lucas , Freitas André Victor Lucci , Goldenberg Renato , Lohmann Lúcia G. , Michelangeli Fabián A. , Miyaki Cristina , Rodrigues Miguel T. , Silva Thiago S. , Carnaval Ana C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimThere is little consensus on which environmental variables are best at predicting multiple dimensions of diversity. We ask whether there are common environmental correlates of diversity, despite ecological differences, across nine clades of plants and animals distributed along a single rainforest domain. For that, we compare the environmental correlates of species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and phylogenetic endemism.LocationBrazilian Atlantic Forest.Taxon:Five clades of plants (Bromelioideae, Miconieae, Bertolonia, Cambessedesieae, and the Fridericia and allies) and four clades of animals (butterlies in the tribe Ithomiini, frogs in the genera Boana and Proceratophrys, and birds in the subfamily Thraupinae).MethodsUsing curated occurrence localities and phylogenetic data, we generated maps of (a) species richness, (b) phylogenetic diversity, (c) residuals of phylogenetic diversity regressed on species richness, and (d) phylogenetic endemism for all groups. We also compiled a set of 30 environmental descriptors, including records of current temperature and precipitation, climatic stability over time, and topography. Through a machine learning framework, we explored the environmental correlates of each of these diversity measures for each group.ResultsThe environmental variables used here were strong predictors of diversity for all studied groups. However, models for phylogenetic endemism had lower predictive power. Although patterns of diversity are different among groups, correlates of diversity are consistent across taxa. For both species richness and phylogenetic diversity, current precipitation and precipitation stability over time were consistently ranked among the variables that strongly correlate with diversity patterns. The correlates of phylogenetic endemism were less homogeneous across groups. The results suggest that including climate stability over time is important when predicting diversity measures that reflect historical components.Main conclusionsInvestigating environmental correlates of diversity for multiple clades and diversity measures in a single geographic area allows for a better understanding of common patterns across taxa. This study shows that environmental conditions, particularly precipitation, are good predictors of the patterns of species richness and phylogenetic diversity‐but not phylogenetic endemism‐across different Atlantic Forest groups.
First description and diagnostics of disease caused by Piscirickettsia salmonis in farmed European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax Linnaeus) from Croatia
Authors: Zrnčić Snježana , Vendramin Niccolò , Boutrup Torsten S. , Boye Mette , Madsen Lone , Nonneman Bettina , Brnić Dragan , Oraić Dražen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDuring the winter of 2013 and 2016, several Croatian fish farms experienced mortalities in the fry of European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax. Affected fish showed abnormal swimming behaviour and reduced appetite, and death ensued several days after the onset of clinical signs of disease. Necropsy revealed pale liver, empty digestive tract, distended gall bladder, and hyperaemia and congestion of the meninges. Routine bacteriological examination tested negative, and virological examination ruled out nodavirus infection. Histological examination revealed multifocal necrosis and extensive inflammation in the brain with abundant cellular debris in the ventricles. Inflammatory cells displayed intra‐cytoplasmic basophilic vacuoles leading to suspicion of Piscirickettsia salmonis infection. Fluorescent in situ hybridization using an oligonucleotide probe targeting Domain Bacterium applied to tissue sections tested positive. The pathogen was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of brain material, and the sequence showed 99% similarity with P. salmonis. This result enabled the design of an oligonucleotide probe specifically targeting P. salmonis. In 2016, P. salmonis was successfully isolated on CHAB from the brain of an affected specimen and identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and MALDI‐TOF. This study describes the first outbreak of disease caused by P. salmonis in sea bass in Croatia, while new diagnostic tools will enable further research on its epidemiology and pathogenicity.
Behavioural change in Prader–Willi syndrome during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Wieting J. , Eberlein C. , Bleich S. , Frieling H. , Deest M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder that in many cases is associated with mental health disorders, in addition to characteristic symptoms such as hyperphagia. The current Sars‐CoV‐2 coronavirus pandemic has led to massive restrictions in health care and social life worldwide. People with PWS represent a particularly vulnerable population group to these restrictions, with unknown impact on their mental health.MethodsWe conducted an online questionnaire to assess the impact of the restrictions associated with the COVID‐19 pandemic on the mental health of people with PWS.ResultsOne hundred and eight caregivers completed the survey about individuals with PWS. Individuals with PWS > 6 years (n = 89) were included for evaluation with regard to psychopathological change. Respondents frequently reported an increase in psychopathological symptoms associated with PWS during the lockdown, with 51.7% reporting increased temper outbursts, 43.8% showing signs of sadness, 38.2% being anxious, 55.0% more irritable, and 39.3% showing more food seeking behaviour. Adjusted for the type of accommodation food seeking behaviour and irritability is increased to a significantly lesser extent in people with PWS accommodated in specialised care facilities compared with those living in their family home. No significant difference could be found between the sexes.ConclusionThe COVID‐19 pandemic has had a significant effect on the mental health of individuals with PWS, evidenced by an increase in behaviours associated with PWS, including temper outbursts, food‐seeking, and irritability, which again underlines their need for specialised care. Individuals living with their families were particularly vulnerable, indicating that they and their families are in special need of support.
Case of fetal ovarian juvenile granulosa cell tumor: Complications and management
Authors: Ben David Yehuda , Sela Nitzan , Ben David Chen , Dujovni Tal 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA prenatal ovarian juvenile granulosa cell tumor (JGCT) is a rare entity which may present as an intra‐abdominal cyst. Due to its low incidence, optimal management and timing for intervention remain uncertain. This report presents a case of an intra‐abdominal cystic structure in a female fetus, one of the two fetuses in a dichorionic‐diamniotic twin pregnancy, detected during routine fetal sonographic surveillance at 30 weeks of gestation. Further fetal evaluation detected the sonographic triad of an ovarian cystic mass, polyhydramnios and signs of fetal virilizations, requiring us to consider the presence of an atypical, ovarian androgen secreting tumor. Following delivery, acute ovarian torsion and intracystic hemorrhage required emergent surgical intervention, confirming the diagnosis of JGCT. Following surgical treatment, laboratory, clinical, and morphological features improved progressively.
Frequency, breed predisposition and demographic risk factors for overweight status in dogs in theUK
Authors: Pegram C. , Raffan E. , White E. , Ashworth A. H. , Brodbelt D. C. , Church D. B. , O'Neill D. G. 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for overweight status in dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK.Materials and MethodsA retrospective study design was used to estimate the 1‐year (2016) period prevalence of overweight status. The clinical records were randomly ordered and manually validated for dogs with overweight status during 2016. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression modelling were used to evaluate associations between risk factors (breed, brachycephalic status, adult bodyweight, bodyweight relative to breed‐sex mean, age, sex‐neuter and insurance) and overweight status.ResultsThere were 1580 of 22,333 dogs identified as overweight during 2016. The estimated 1‐year period prevalence for overweight status recorded in dogs under veterinary care was 7.1% (95% confidence interval 6.7–7.4). After accounting for confounding factors, eight breeds showed increased odds of overweight status compared with crossbred dogs. The breeds with the highest odds included the Pug (OR 3.12, 95% confidence interval 2.31 to 4.20), Beagle (OR 2.67, 1.75 to 4.08), Golden Retriever (OR 2.58, 1.79 to 3.74) and English Springer Spaniel (OR 1.98, 1.31 to 2.98). Being neutered, middle‐aged and insured were additionally associated with overweight status.Clinical SignificanceTargeted overweight prevention strategies should be prioritised for predisposed breeds, such as Pugs and Beagles. The findings additionally raise questions about further preventative efforts following neutering. The prevalence estimate suggests veterinary professionals are underreporting overweight status and therefore could be missing key welfare opportunities.
Combining population genomics and ecological niche modeling to assess taxon limits between Carex jemtlandica and C. lepidocarpa
Authors: Nygaard Malene , Kemppainen Petri , Speed James D. M. , Elven Reidar , Flatberg Kjell Ivar , Galten Leif P. , Yousefi Narjes , Solstad Heidi , Bendiksby Mika 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Carex section Ceratocystis (Cyperaceae) is a group of recently evolved plant species, in which hybridization is frequent, introgression is documented, taxonomy is complex, and morphological boundaries are vague. Within this section, a unified taxonomic treatment of the Carex jemtlandica–Carex lepidocarpa species complex does not exist, and Norway may currently be the sole country accepting species rank for both. Carex jemtlandica is mainly confined to Fennoscandia and is thus a Fennoscandian conservation responsibility. This motivated us to test the principal hypothesis that both C. jemtlandica and C. lepidocarpa represent evolutionary significant units, and that both deserve their current recognition at species level. We investigated their evolutionary distinctiveness in Norway, using restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing and ecological niche modeling. Our genomic results reveal two genetic clusters, largely corresponding to C. jemtlandica and C. lepidocarpa that also remain distinct in sympatry, despite clear indications of ongoing hybridization and introgression. The ecological niche modeling suggests that they occupy different environmental niches. Jointly, our results clearly show that C. jemtlandica and C. lepidocarpa represent separately evolving entities that should qualify recognition as evolutionary significant units. Given the high level of introgression compared to other hybridizing species pairs in Carex we recommend treating C. jemtlandica as a subspecies of C. lepidocarpa.
Shifting community composition determines the biodiversity–productivity relationship under increasing precipitation and N deposition
Authors: Zhang Ruiyang , Schellenberg Michael P. , Tian Dashuan , Ma Fangfang , Zhang Tianyou , Wang Hu , Wu Qian , Bai Yuting , Han Guodong , Niu Shuli 
Published: March 2021

AbstractQuestionsThe relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) vary largely across natural ecosystems, with a unimodal, monotonous linear or no relationship. However, it remains unclear how BEF relationships vary under global change. Given future predicted changes in precipitation and nitrogen (N) deposition, it is crucial to determine how precipitation change and N deposition affect grassland biodiversity and productivity, and regulate their relationships.LocationA Dry Mixed‐Grass Prairie of western Canada.MethodsWe established a manipulative field experiment of increased precipitation (water addition with approximately 15% and 30% more monthly precipitation) and N addition (10 g/m2) using a randomized complete block design, including six treatments, each replicated five times (30 plots). We conducted vegetation sampling with a 1 m × 1 m quadrat in each plot from 2016 to 2017, to examine the individual and interactive effects of water and N addition on plant diversity, functional group composition, above‐ and below‐ground productivity, and the diversity–productivity relationships.ResultsWe found a positive linear diversity–above‐ground biomass (AGB) relationship under increased precipitation, which was attributed to the water‐induced increase in the abundance of forbs in the plant community, further promoting the positive effect of plant diversity on AGB. However, N addition caused a negative linear diversity–AGB relationship by increasing AGB and reducing plant diversity. The effects of N on diversity and productivity can be further strengthened under increased precipitation, which was due to the increase of C3rhizomatous grasses with high above‐ and below‐ground biomass and the decrease of forbs with high richness.ConclusionsOur results suggest that changes in functional group composition determine the plant species’ diversity, productivity, and their relationships under increasing precipitation and N deposition, which has significant implications for understanding and modelling ecosystem productivity in the context of global change.
Linking membrane fluidity with defective antigen presentation in leishmaniasis
Authors: Pradhan Supratim , Ghosh Souradeepa , Hussain Shahbaj , Paul Joydeep , Mukherjee Budhaditya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHampering‐surface presentation of immunogenic peptides by class I/II MHCs is a key strategy opted by several intracellular protozoan pathogens including Leishmania to escape CD8/CD4 mediated host‐protective T‐cell response. Although Leishmania parasites (LP) primarily hijack/inhibit host lysosomal/proteasomal pathways to hamper antigen‐processing/presentation machinery, recent pieces of evidence have linked host‐membrane fluidity as a major cause of defective antigen presentation in leishmaniasis. Increased membrane fluidity severely compromised peptide‐MHC stability in the lipid raft regions, thereby abrogating T‐cell mediated‐signalling in the infected host. LP primarily achieves this by quenching host cholesterol, which acts as cementing material in maintaining the membrane fluidity. In this review, we have particularly focused on several strategies opted by LP to hijack‐host cholesterol resulting in lipid droplets accumulation around leishmania‐containing parasitophorous vacuole favouring intracellular survival of LP. In fact, LP infection can result in altered cholesterol and lipid metabolism in the infected host, thereby favouring the establishment and progression of the infection. From our analysis of two genome‐wide transcriptomics data sets of LP infected host, we propose a possible molecular network that connects these interrelated events of altered lipid metabolism with eventual compromised antigen presentation, still existing as a gap in our current understanding of Leishmania infection.
Reduced early fearful face processing during perceptual distraction in high trait anxious participants
Authors: Steinweg Anna‐Lena , Schindler Sebastian , Bruchmann Maximilian , Moeck Robert , Straube Thomas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFearful facial expressions are prioritized across different stages of information processing as reflected by early, mid‐latency, and late components of event‐related brain potentials (ERP). Trait anxiety has been proposed to modulate these responses, but it is yet unclear how such modulations depend on feature‐based attention. In this preregistered study (N = 80), we investigated the effects of trait anxiety on ERP differences between fearful and neutral faces across three different tasks. Participants had to discriminate either the orientation of lines overlaid onto the faces, the gender of the face, or the emotional expression, thus increasing attention to emotionally relevant facial features across the tasks. Fearful versus neutral faces elicited increased P1 and N170 amplitudes across tasks and potentiated amplitudes when attention was directed to faces (early posterior negativity [EPN]) or the expression (EPN and late positive potential). Higher trait anxiety was related to smaller EPN differences between fearful and neutral faces during the perceptual discrimination task. This early relationship suggests reduced instead of amplified processing of fearful faces for high trait anxious participants under perceptual distraction.
Active restoration leads to rapid recovery of aboveground biomass but limited recovery of fish diversity in planted mangrove forests of the North Brazil Shelf
Authors: Ram Mark A. , Caughlin T. Trevor , Roopsind Anand 
Published: March 2021

Coastal degradation has spurred active restoration of mangrove ecosystems, from local initiatives to global commitments to increase mangrove forest area by 20% over the next decade. Mangrove restoration projects typically have multiple objectives, including carbon storage, coastal resilience, and fisheries recovery. How planting seedlings, the most common form of active restoration, can promote recovery of mangrove ecosystem functions remains an urgent research need. We quantified multiple ecosystem outcomes of Guyana's national mangrove restoration program, approximately a decade after seedling planting, and compared restoration outcomes with conditions in intact and degraded mangrove forests. Multivariate analyses indicate that intact and restored sites' environmental conditions were similar to each other but different from degraded sites. Aboveground biomass in restored sites (103 Mg ha−1) was 13 and 99% greater than intact (89.4 Mg ha−1) and degraded (0.12 Mg ha−1) sites, respectively. Active restoration successfully increased seedling abundance of both planted and unplanted species, with similar abundance between intact and restored sites. In contrast, fish communities in restored sites remained similar to degraded sites. Restored sites were dominated by a single algivorous fish species, with lower species diversity and commercially valuable fisheries than intact sites. Our results demonstrate that active restoration is a viable option to restore mangrove forest tree biomass and tree species composition in this region. However, even under a best‐case scenario for mangrove forest restoration, fisheries did not recover during our study's timespan. Long‐term monitoring and controlled experiments will be essential to further understand restoration outcomes for multiple ecosystem services in mangrove forests.