bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Blue Perovskite Quantum Dots for Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: He Haiyang , Mei Shiliang , Wen Zhuoqi , Yang Dan , Yang Bobo , Zhang Wanlu , Xie Fengxian , Xing Guichuan , Guo Ruiqian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMetal halide perovskite nanostructures have sparked intense research interest due to their excellent optical properties. In recent years, although the green and red perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have achieved a significant breakthrough with the external quantum efficiency exceeding 20%, the blue PeLEDs still suffer from inferior performance. Previous reviews about blue PeLEDs focus more on 2D/quasi‐2D or 3D perovskite materials. To develop more stable and efficient blue PeLEDs, a systematic review of blue perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) is urgently demanded to clarify how PQDs evolve. In this review, the recent advances in blue PQDs involving mixed‐halide, quantum‐confined all‐bromide, metal‐doped and lead‐free PQDs as well as their applications in PeLEDs are highlighted. Although several excellent PeLEDs based on these PQDs have been demonstrated, there are still many problems to be solved. A deep insight into the advantages and disadvantages of these four types of blue‐emitting PQDs is provided. Then, their respective potential and issues for blue PeLEDs have been discussed. Finally, the challenges and outlook for efficient and stable blue PeLEDs based on PQDs are addressed.
Islands with gravitating baths: towards ER = EPR
Authors: Anderson Louise , Parrikar Onkar , Soni Ronak M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We study the Page curve and the island rule for black holes evaporating into gravitating baths, with an eye towards establishing a connection with the ER=EPR proposal. We consider several models of two entangled 2d black holes in Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity with negative cosmological constant. The first, “doubled PSSY,” model is one in which the black holes have end-of-the-world (ETW) branes with a flavour degree of freedom. We study highly entangled states of this flavour degree of freedom and find an entanglement-induced Hawking-Page-like transition from a geometry with two disconnected black holes to one with a pair of black holes connected by a wormhole, thus realising the ER = EPR proposal. The second model is a dynamical one in which the ETW branes do not have internal degrees of freedom but the JT gravity is coupled to a 2d CFT, and we entangle the black holes by coupling the two CFTs at the AdS boundary and evolving for a long time. We study the entanglement entropy between the two black holes and find that the story is substantially similar to that with a non-gravitating thermal bath. In the third model, we couple the two ends of a two-sided eternal black hole and evolve for a long time. Finally, we discuss the possibility of a Hawking-Page-like transition induced by real-time evolution that realises the ER = EPR proposal in this dynamical setting.
Replica wormholes and capacity of entanglement
Authors: Kawabata Kohki , Nishioka Tatsuma , Okuyama Yoshitaka , Watanabe Kento 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We consider the capacity of entanglement as a probe of the Hawking radiation in a two-dimensional dilaton gravity coupled with conformal matter of large degrees of freedom. A formula calculating the capacity is derived using the gravitational path integral, from which we speculate that the capacity has a discontinuity at the Page time in contrast to the continuous behavior of the generalized entropy. We apply the formula to a replica wormhole solution in an eternal AdS black hole coupled to a flat non-gravitating bath and show that the capacity of entanglement is saturated by the thermal capacity of the black hole in the high temperature limit.
Probing new physics in class-I B-meson decays into heavy-light final states
Authors: Cai Fang-Min , Deng Wei-Jun , Li Xin-Qiang , Yang Ya-Dong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
With updated experimental data and improved theoretical calculations, several significant deviations are being observed between the Standard Model predictions and the experimental measurements of the branching ratios of $$ {\overline{B}}_{(s)}^0\to {D}_{(s)}^{\left(\ast \right)+}{L}^{-} $$

B
¯

s

0

→

D

s

∗

+

L
−

decays, where L is a light meson from the set {π, ρ, K(∗)}. Especially for the two channels $$ {\overline{B}}^0\to {D}^{+}{K}^{-} $$

B
¯

0

→

D
+

K
−

and $$ {\overline{B}}_s^0\to {D}_s^{+}{\pi}^{-} $$

B
¯

s
0

→

D
s
+

π
−

, both of which are free of the weak annihilation contribution, the deviations observed can even reach 4–5σ. Here we exploit possible new-physics effects in these class-I non-leptonic B-meson decays within the framework of QCD factorization. Firstly, we perform a model-independent analysis of the effects from twenty linearly independent four-quark operators that can contribute, either directly or through operator mixing, to the quark-level b →$$ c\overline{u}d(s) $$
c

u
¯

d

s

transitions. It is found that, under the combined constraints from the current experimental data, the deviations observed could be well explained at the 1σ level by the new-physics four-quark operators with γμ(1 − γ5) ⨂ γμ(1 − γ5) structure, and also at the 2σ level by the operators with (1 + γ5) ⨂ (1 − γ5) and (1 + γ5) ⨂ (1 + γ5) structures. However, the new-physics four-quark operators with other Dirac structures fail to provide a consistent interpretation, even at the 2σ level. Then, as two specific examples of model-dependent considerations, we discuss the case where the new-physics four-quark operators are generated by either a colorless charged gauge boson or a colorless charged scalar, with their masses fixed both at the 1 TeV. Constraints on the effective coefficients describing the couplings of these mediators to the relevant quarks are obtained by fitting to the current experimental data.
Partition functions of higher derivative conformal fields on conformally related spaces
Authors: Mukherjee Jyotirmoy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The character integral representation of one loop partition functions is useful to establish the relation between partition functions of conformal fields on Weyl equivalent spaces. The Euclidean space Sa × AdSb can be mapped to Sa+b provided Sa and AdSb are of the same radius. As an example, to begin with, we show that the partition function in the character integral representation of conformally coupled free scalars and fermions are identical on Sa × AdSb and Sa+b. We then demonstrate that the partition function of higher derivative conformal scalars and fermions are also the same on hyperbolic cylinders and branched spheres. The partition function of the four-derivative conformal vector gauge field on the branched sphere in d = 6 dimension can be expressed as an integral over ‘naive’ bulk and ‘naive’ edge characters. However, the partition function of the conformal vector gauge field on $$ {S}_q^1 $$

S
q
1

× AdS5 contains only the ‘naive’ bulk part of the partition function. This follows the same pattern which was observed for the partition of conformal p-form fields on hyperbolic cylinders. We use the partition function of higher derivative conformal fields on hyperbolic cylinders to obtain a linear relationship between the Hofman-Maldacena variables which enables us to show that these theories are non-unitary.
Self-resonant dark matter
Authors: Kim Seong-Sik , Lee Hyun Min , Zhu Bin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We present a novel mechanism for Sommerfeld enhancement for dark matter interactions without the need for light mediators. Considering a model for two-component dark matter with a triple coupling, we find that one of dark matter particles leads to an u-channel resonance in dark matter elastic scattering. From the sum of the u-channel ladder diagrams, we obtain a Bethe-Salpeter equation with a delay term and identify the Sommerfeld factor from the elastic scattering of two dark matter components for the first time. We discuss the implications of our results for enhancing dark matter self-scattering and annihilation.
Imageless robotic-assisted revision arthroplasty from UKA to TKA
Authors: Tuecking Lars-Rene , Savov Peter , Windhagen Henning , Jennings Simon , Nathwani Dinesh , Ettinger Max 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background and objective
It is evident from the national joint registries that numbers of revision knee arthroplasty operations are rising. The aim of this article is to introduce a new robotic-assisted approach in UKA to TKA revision arthroplasty and investigate the alignment accuracy, implant component use and surgery time and to compare it to primary robotic-assisted TKA arthroplasty.

Methods
This retrospective, case-control study included patients undergoing image-less robotic-assisted revision arthroplasty from UKA to TKA (n = 20) and patients undergoing image-less robotic-assisted primary TKA (control group, n = 20) from 11/2018 to 07/2020. The control group was matched based on the BMI and natural alignment. Comparison of groups was based on postoperative alignment, outlier rate, tibial insert size, lateral bone resection depth, incision-to-wound closure time. All surgeries were performed by a single senior surgeon using the same bi-cruciate stabilizing TKA system. Statistical analysis consisted of parametric t‑testing and Fisher’s exact test with a level of significance of p < 0.05.

Results
The two groups showed no differences in mean BMI, natural alignment (p > 0.05) and mean overall limb alignment. No outlier was found for OLA and slope analysis. The smallest insert size (9 mm) was used in 70% of the cases in the revision group (n = 14) and in 90% of the cases in the primary group (n = 18, p = 0.24), distal femoral and tibial resection depth showed no statistical difference (p > 0.05). The incision to wound closure time was longer in the revision group but showed no significant difference.

Conclusion
Image-less robotic-assisted revision arthroplasty from UKA to TKA showed a comparable surgery time, and alignment accuracy in comparison to primary robotic-assisted TKA. Comparable bone preservation and subsequent tibial insert size use was observed for both groups.
COVID-19 pneumonia imaging follow-up: when and how? A proposition from ESTI and ESR
Authors: Martini K. , Larici A. R. , Revel M. P. , Ghaye B. , Sverzellati N. , Parkar A. P. , Snoeckx A. , Screaton N. , Biederer J. , Prosch H. , Silva M. , Brady A. , Gleeson F. , Frauenfelder T. ,   On behalf of the European Society of Thoracic Imaging (ESTI), the European Society of Radiology (ESR)
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This document from the European Society of Thoracic Imaging (ESTI) and the European Society of Radiology (ESR) discusses the role of imaging in the long-term follow-up of COVID-19 patients, to define which patients may benefit from imaging, and what imaging modalities and protocols should be used. Insights into imaging features encountered on computed tomography (CT) scans and potential pitfalls are discussed and possible areas for future review and research are also included.

Key Points
• Post-COVID-19 pneumonia changes are mainly consistent with prior organizing pneumonia and are likely to disappear within 12 months of recovery from the acute infection in the majority of patients.
• At present, with the longest series of follow-up examinations reported not exceeding 12 months, the development of persistent or progressive fibrosis in at least some individuals cannot yet be excluded.
• Residual ground glass opacification may be associated with persisting bronchial dilatation and distortion, and might be termed “fibrotic-like changes” probably consistent with prior organizing pneumonia.
Diagnostic accuracy of quantitative dual-energy CT-based volumetric bone mineral density assessment for the prediction of osteoporosis-associated fractures
Authors: Gruenewald Leon D. , Koch Vitali , Martin Simon S. , Yel Ibrahim , Eichler Katrin , Gruber-Rouh Tatjana , Lenga Lukas , Wichmann Julian L. , Alizadeh Leona S. , Albrecht Moritz H. , Mader Christoph , Huizinga Nicole A. , D’Angelo Tommaso , Mazziotti Silvio , Wesarg Stefan , Vogl Thomas J. , Booz Christian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the predictive value of volumetric bone mineral density (BMD) assessment of the lumbar spine derived from phantomless dual-energy CT (DECT)-based volumetric material decomposition as an indicator for the 2-year occurrence risk of osteoporosis-associated fractures.

Methods
L1 of 92 patients (46 men, 46 women; mean age, 64 years, range, 19–103 years) who had undergone third-generation dual-source DECT between 01/2016 and 12/2018 was retrospectively analyzed. For phantomless BMD assessment, dedicated DECT postprocessing software using material decomposition was applied. Digital files of all patients were sighted for 2 years following DECT to obtain the incidence of osteoporotic fractures. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to calculate cut-off values and logistic regression models were used to determine associations of BMD, sex, and age with the occurrence of osteoporotic fractures.

Results
A DECT-derived BMD cut-off of 93.70 mg/cm3 yielded 85.45% sensitivity and 89.19% specificity for the prediction to sustain one or more osteoporosis-associated fractures within 2 years after BMD measurement. DECT-derived BMD was significantly associated with the occurrence of new fractures (odds ratio of 0.8710, 95% CI, 0.091–0.9375, p < .001), indicating a protective effect of increased DECT-derived BMD values. Overall AUC was 0.9373 (CI, 0.867–0.977, p < .001) for the differentiation of patients who sustained osteoporosis-associated fractures within 2 years of BMD assessment.

Conclusions
Retrospective DECT-based volumetric BMD assessment can accurately predict the 2-year risk to sustain an osteoporosis-associated fracture in at-risk patients without requiring a calibration phantom. Lower DECT-based BMD values are strongly associated with an increased risk to sustain fragility fractures.

Key Points
•Dual-energy CT–derived assessment of bone mineral density can identify patients at risk to sustain osteoporosis-associated fractures with a sensitivity of 85.45% and a specificity of 89.19%.
•The DECT-derived BMD threshold for identification of at-risk patients lies above the American College of Radiology (ACR) QCT guidelines for the identification of osteoporosis (93.70 mg/cm3 vs 80 mg/cm3).
Myasthenia gravis after glioblastoma resection: paraneoplastic syndrome or coincidence? A unique case report and review of the literature
Authors: Slegers R. J. , Bouwens van der Vlis T. A. M. , Ackermans L. , Hoeben A. , Postma A. A. , Compter I. , Hoeijmakers J. G. J. , Beckervordersandforth J. , Broen M. P. G. , Schijns O. E. M. G. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) can manifest with every type of malignancy. A well-known syndrome is myasthenia gravis (MG) in combination with thymomas. No association between primary brain tumors and neuromuscular disorders has been described. Here, we present a case of a 65-year-old patient who developed MG, following an uncomplicated, gross-total resection of a glioblastoma. To our knowledge, this is the first case describing the onset of MG during the early postoperative phase after glioblastoma resection. Current criteria of PNS are insufficient when the neurological syndrome is diagnosed at the time of a malignancy or shortly thereafter and should be revisited.
Prognostic value of tumor markers and ctDNA in patients with resectable gastric cancer receiving perioperative treatment: results from the CRITICS trial
Authors: Slagter Astrid E. , Vollebergh Marieke A. , Caspers Irene A. , van Sandick Johanna W. , Sikorska Karolina , Lind Pehr , Nordsmark Marianne , Putter Hein , Braak Jeffrey P. B. M. , Meershoek-Klein Kranenbarg Elma , van de Velde Cornelis J. H. , Jansen Edwin P. M. , Cats Annemieke , van Laarhoven Hanneke W. M. , van Grieken Nicole C. T. , Verheij Marcel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Aim
To evaluate the prognostic value of tumor markers in a European cohort of patients with resectable gastric cancer.

Methods
We performed a post hoc analysis of the CRITICS trial, in which 788 patients received perioperative therapy. Association between survival and pretreatment CEA, CA 19-9, alkaline phosphatase, neutrophils, hemoglobin and lactate dehydrogenase were explored in uni- and multivariable Cox regression analyses. Likelihoods to receive potentially curative surgery were investigated for patients without elevated tumor markers versus one of the tumor markers elevated versus both tumor markers elevated. The association between tumor markers and the presence of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) was explored in 50 patients with available ctDNA data.

Results
In multivariable analysis, in which we corrected for allocated treatment and other baseline characteristics, elevated pretreatment CEA (HR 1.43; 95% CI 1.11–1.85, p < 0.001) and CA 19-9 (HR 1.79; 95% CI 1.42–2.25, p < 0.001) were associated with worse OS. Likelihoods to receive potentially curative surgery were 86%, 77% and 60% for patients without elevated tumor marker versus either elevated CEA or CA 19-9 versus both elevated, respectively (p < 0.001). Although both preoperative presence of ctDNA and tumor markers were prognostic for survival, no association was found between these two parameters.

Conclusion
CEA and CA 19-9 were independent prognostic factors for survival in a large cohort of European patients with resectable gastric cancer. No relationship was found between tumor markers and ctDNA. These factors could potentially guide treatment choices and should be included in future trials to determine their definitive position.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrial.gov identifier: NCT00407186. EudraCT number: 2006-00413032.
The BSCM score: a guideline for surgical decision-making for brainstem cavernous malformations
Authors: Yang Yang , Velz Julia , Neidert Marian C. , Lang Wei , Regli Luca , Bozinov Oliver 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Microsurgical resection of brainstem cavernous malformations (BSCMs) can be performed today with acceptable morbidity and mortality. However, in this highly eloquent location, the indication for surgery remains challenging. We aimed to elaborate a score system that may help clinicians with their choice of treatment in patients with BSCMs in this study. A single-center series of 88 consecutive BSCMs patients with 272 follow-up visits were included in this study. Univariable and multivariable generalized estimating equations (GEE) were constructed to identify the association of variables with treatment decisions. A score scale assigned points for variables that significantly contributed to surgical decision-making. Surgical treatment was recommended in 37 instances, while conservative treatment was proposed in 235 instances. The mean follow-up duration was 50.4 months, and the mean age at decision-making was 45.9 years. The mean BSCMs size was 14.3 ml. In the multivariable GEE model, patient age, lesion size, hemorrhagic event(s), mRS, and axial location were identified as significant factors for determining treatment options. With this proposed score scale (grades 0–XII), non-surgery was the first option at grades 0–III. The crossover point between surgery and non-surgery recommendations lay between grades V and VI while surgical treatment was found in favor at grades VII–X. In conclusion, the proposed BSCM operating score is a clinician-friendly tool, which may help neurosurgeons decide on the treatment for patients with BSCMs.
Interferon-alpha or -beta facilitates SARS-CoV-2 pulmonary vascular infection by inducing ACE2
Authors: Klouda Timothy , Hao Yuan , Kim Hyunbum , Kim Jiwon , Olejnik Judith , Hume Adam J. , Ayyappan Sowntharya , Hong Xuechong , Melero-Martin Juan , Fang Yinshan , Wang Qiong , Zhou Xiaobo , Mühlberger Elke , Jia Hongpeng , Padera Robert F. , Raby Benjamin A. , Yuan Ke 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSevere viral pneumonia caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is characterized by a hyperinflammatory state typified by elevated circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, frequently leading to potentially lethal vascular complications including thromboembolism, disseminated intracellular coagulopathy and vasculitis. Though endothelial infection and subsequent endothelial damage have been described in patients with fatal COVID-19, the mechanism by which this occurs remains elusive, particularly given that, under naïve conditions, pulmonary endothelial cells demonstrate minimal cell surface expression of the SARS-CoV-2 binding receptor ACE2. Herein we describe SARS-CoV-2 infection of the pulmonary endothelium in postmortem lung samples from individuals who died of COVID-19, demonstrating both heterogeneous ACE2 expression and endothelial damage. In primary endothelial cell cultures, we show that SARS-CoV-2 infection is dependent on the induction of ACE2 protein expression and that this process is facilitated by type 1 interferon-alpha (IFNα) or -beta(β)—two of the main anti-viral cytokines induced in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection—but not significantly by other cytokines (including interleukin 6 and interferon γ/λ). Our findings suggest that the stereotypical anti-viral interferon response may paradoxically facilitate the propagation of COVID-19 from the respiratory epithelium to the vasculature, raising concerns regarding the use of exogenous IFNα/β in the treatment of patients with COVID-19.
Turbulent Prandtl number and characteristic length scales in stably stratified flows: steady-state analytical solutions
Authors: Basu Sukanta , Holtslag Albert A. M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, the stability dependence of turbulent Prandtl number ($$Pr_t$$

P

r
t

) is quantified via a novel and simple analytical approach. Based on the variance and flux budget equations, a hybrid length scale formulation is first proposed and its functional relationships to well-known length scales are established. Next, the ratios of these length scales are utilized to derive an explicit relationship between $$Pr_t$$

P

r
t

and gradient Richardson number. In addition, theoretical predictions are made for several key turbulence variables (e.g., dissipation rates, normalized fluxes). The results from our proposed approach are compared against other competing formulations as well as published datasets. Overall, the agreement between the different approaches is rather good despite their different theoretical foundations and assumptions.
Piezoelectric properties of PZT by an ethylene glycol-based chemical solution synthesis
Authors: van der Veer Ewout , Noheda Beatriz , Acuautla Mónica 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe have investigated a water-stable sol–gel method based on ethylene glycol as a solvent and bridging ligand for the synthesis of ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate in bulk and thin film forms. This method offers lower toxicity of the solvent, higher stability toward atmospheric moisture and a simplified synthetic procedure compared to traditional sol–gel methods. However, the piezoelectric properties of products produced using this method have yet to be systematically studied. We have measured the ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties and compared them to existing literature using different synthesis techniques. Ceramic pellets of Nb-doped lead zirconate titanate (PNZT) in the tetragonal phase were produced with high density and good piezoelectric properties, comparable to those reported in the literature and those found in commercial piezoelectric elements. In addition, a nine-layer thin film stack was fabricated by spin coating onto platinized silicon substrates. The films were crack-free and showed a perovskite grain structure with a weak (111) orientation. Piezoelectric measurements of the film showed a piezoelectric coefficient comparable to literature values and good stability toward fatigue.