bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase shifter based on an ultrathin superconducting bilayer with a through-hole for a superconducting device
Authors: Ishizu Hiroshi , Yamamori Hirotake , Arisawa Shunichi , Tokiwa Kazuyasu , Tanaka Yasumoto 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Applying a radian phase shift other than 2π is a key issue for superconducting circuits, such as flux qubits. The magnetic flux is useful when generating a phase shift. However, a quantized magnetic flux accompanying a trapped vortex in a superconductor does not have a phase shifter function. The magnetic flux generated by an external field generates noise. In this study, we propose a phase bias system that does not require an external field during operation. We confirm the phase shift of a direct current superconducting interference device (SQUID) placed on an ultrathin superconducting Nb bilayer with a through-hole by cooling it to a temperature below the superconducting transition temperature with an external field. Although the cause of the phase shift in our system is unclear, we believe that it may be caused by a fractional quantum in the bilayer. When the SQUID is replaced by a qubit, the phase shift can be applied to a phase bias.
Utility of Video-Fundoscopy and Prospects of Portable Stereo-Photography of The Ocular Fundus in Neurological Patients
Authors: Khachatryan Tigran , Mozaffar Tahseen , Mnatsakanyan Lilit 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background Proper evaluation of ocular fundi is an integral part of neurological examination. Unfortunately, neurology residents are increasingly uncomfortable performing fundoscopy and interpreting findings because of diminishing skills and lack of experience. This became more prominent during the COVID-19 pandemic as fundoscopy requires proximity to the patient. With the recent dramatic improvement of smartphone cameras, fundus photography using PanOptic Ophthalmoscope (Welch Allyn, Skaneateles Falls, NY) with a smartphone adapter offered an alternative to direct fundoscopic examination. Having not found a good solution in the market, we created our own design of a universal smartphone adapter. Results Here we present our initial experience of fundus video/photography in patients, who presented with encephalopathy, headache, seizure, vision loss, and other ocular symptoms. Fundoscopic abnormalities were discovered in 11 out of 100 patients. Some were incidental findings and were unrelated to the presentation. In one case, fundoscopy played a critical role in establishing the correct diagnosis. Conclusions Our custom-designed smartphone adapter allowed obtaining high-quality video and photo recordings using PanOptic Ophthalmoscope. The acquisition of high-quality photos enables a high-yield diagnostic tool and allows revisiting the image in the patient’s chart. Improvement of smartphone cameras opens vast horizons for stereo-fundoscopy and 3D reconstruction of the ocular fundus without using sophisticated and costly equipment. Microscopic eye movements allow taking snapshots of two side-by-side photos for 3D reconstruction and stereoscopic image viewing, which is the next level of optic disc assessment.
Hydroxylamine Promoted Fe( III ) Reduction in H2O2/Soil Systems for Phenol Degradation
Authors: Zheng Yunsong , Xie Wenjing , Yuan Songhu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Production of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) upon the oxidation of solid Fe(II) by O2 or H2O2 in soils and sediments has been confirmed, which benefits in-situ remediation of contaminants. However, Fe(III) reduction by H2O2 is rate-limiting. Accelerating the Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycle could improve the efficiency of remediation. This study intended to use hydroxylamine to promote Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycle during 100 g/L soil oxidation by H2O2 for phenol degradation. The removal of phenol was 76% in 3 h during soil oxidation with 1 mM H2O2 in the presence of 1 mM hydroxylamine but was negligible in the absence of hydroxylamine. Fe(III) in the soil was reduced to 0.21 mM Fe(II) by 1 mM hydroxylamine in 30 min, which suggested that the effective enhancement of phenol degradation was attributed to cycle of Fe(III)/Fe(II) by hydroxylamine during soil oxidation. Under the conditions of 1 mM H2O2, 100 g/L soil, the pseudo-first-order kinetic constant of phenol degradation increased proportionally from 0.0453 to 0.0844 min− 1 with the increase of hydroxylamine concentrations from 0.5 to 1 mM. The kinetic constant also increased from 0.0041 to 0.0111 min− 1 with H2O2 concentration increased from 0.5 to 2 mM, while it decreased from 0.0100 to 0.0051 min− 1 with soil dosage increased from 20 to 200 g/L. In addition, column experiments showed that phenol (10 mg/L) degradation ratio kept at about 48.7% with feeding 2 mM hydroxylamine and 2 mM H2O2 at 0.025 PV/min. Column experiments suggested an optional application of hydroxylamine and H2O2 for in-situ remediation. Output of this study provides guidance and optional strategies to enhance contaminant degradation during soil oxidation.
Exploring The Feasibility of Neurofeedback for Trauma-Affected Refugees – A Qualitative Study
Authors: Hannemose Sigrid Zeuthen , Attardo Henriette Laugesen , Vindbjerg Erik , Carlsson Jessica 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

The use of Neurofeedback (NF) to assist individuals in learning to regulate their brain wave activity have shown promising results in reducing symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PSTD). However, few studies have focused on the patient experience with NF and even fewer take on the perspective of refugees. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of an NF-based intervention for trauma-affected refugees focusing on aspects relevant for optimizing the NF experience and clinical practice.
Methods

This qualitative study was a part of an NF feasibility study carried out at CTP, offering 34 trauma-affected refugees 12 sessions of NF. In the qualitative part of the feasibility study, a subsample of eight participants was interviewed. Using in-depth semi-structured interviews, the participants’ thoughts and expectations prior to participating in NF treatment as well as their experiences with the treatment after a few training sessions were examined. The analysis was carried out in four steps, using a hermeneutic and phenomenological approach.
Results

The analysis resulted in three main themes: 1) Positivity despite unfulfilled expectations 2) Understanding of the NF treatment 3) Facilitating factors for feasible NF treatment.
Conclusion

The results show that facilitation of successful treatment was challenged by both the participants’ misaligned expectations of the treatment outcome as well as their comprehension of the NF equipment, which did not match the actual capabilities. This underlines the importance of clear communication, including the adjustment of participants’ expectations regarding what symptoms the NF treatment protocol is designed to treat. Furthermore, the importance of thorough, repetitive, and understandable information about the NF equipment’s capabilities was highlighted. Our results demonstrated how the participants found NF to be an acceptable and recommendable method of treatment even though they did not benefit from it. Finally, valuable knowledge regarding factors enhancing the feasibility was discovered, including prioritizing breathing exercises, a spacious NF treatment room and personalization of the NF treatment protocol.
Trial registration:

ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05055037. Retrospectively registered on the 06/07-2021.
Towards Zero Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula After Distal Pancreatectomy: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis of Pancreatic Stump Closure With Radiofrequency Vs Stapler
Authors: Périz Eva María Pueyo , Téllez-Marquès Clara , Radosevic Alexander , Morató Olga , Visa Laura , Ilzarbe Lucas , Berjano Enrique Berjano , Vicente Emilio , Poves Ignasi , Grande Luis , Burdío Fernando , Sánchez-Velázquez Patricia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: To demonstrate the efficacy of radiofrequency for pancreatic stump closure in reducing the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) in distal pancreatectomy (DP) compared with mechanical transection methods. Despite all the different techniques of pancreatic stump closure proposed for DP, best practice for avoiding POPF remains an unresolved issue, with an incidence of up to 30% regardless of center volume or surgical expertise.Methods: DP was performed in a cohort of patients by applying radiofrequency to stump closure (RF Group) and compared with mechanical closure (Control Group). A propensity score (PS) matched cohort study was carried out to minimize bias from nonrandomized treatment assignment. Cohorts were matched by PS accounting for factors significantly associated with either undergoing RF transection or mechanical closure through logistic regression analysis. The primary end-point was the incidence of clinically relevant POPF (CR-POPF).Results: Of 89 patients included in the whole cohort, 13 case patients from the RF- Group were 1:1 matched to 13 control patients. In both the first independent analysis of unmatched data and subsequent adjustment to the overall propensity score-matched cohort, a higher rate of CR-POPF in the Control Group compared with the RF-Group was detected (25.4% vs. 5.3%, p=0.049 and 53.8% vs. 0%; p = 0.016 respectively). The RF Group showed better outcomes in terms of readmission rate (46.2% vs 0%, p=0.031). No significant differences were observed in terms of mortality, major complications (30.8% vs 0%, p=0.063) or length of hospital stay (5.7 vs 5.2 days, p=0.89).Conclusion: Findings suggest that the RF-assisted technique is more efficacious in reducing CR-POPF than mechanical pancreatic stump closure.
Frontline Physician Burnout During the COVID-19 Pandemic: National Survey Findings
Authors: Melnikow Joy , Padovani Andrew , Miller Marykate 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Physician burnout and wellbeing are an ongoing concern. Limited research has reported on the impact of the COVID 19 pandemic on burnout among U.S. physicians. Methods: We surveyed U.S. frontline physicians at two time points (wave one in May-June 2020 and wave two in Dec 2020-Jan 2021) using a validated burnout measure. The survey was emailed to a national stratified random sample of family physicians, internists, hospitalists, intensivists, emergency medicine physicians, and infectious disease physicians. Burnout was assessed with the Professional Fulfillment Index Burnout Composite scale (PFI-BC). Quantile regression was used to estimate the change in median PFI-BC scales, adjusting for physician, geographic, and pandemic covariates. Results: Overall, 38.1% of 286 respondents reported PFI-BC scores consistent with burnout in wave one, and 33.1% of 262 respondents in wave two. Burnout declined or was unchanged among all specialties surveyed apart from hospitalists. 34.2% of primary care physicians reported burnout in wave one and 29.7% in wave two. Burnout declined among critical care (53.5% to 43.1%) and emergency physicians (50.6% to 44.5%); but hospitalist burnout rates increased (27% to 44.2%). Conclusions: Rates of physician burnout during the first year of the pandemic appear to be comparable to pre-pandemic rates. We found no evidence of increasing burnout over a six month period, apart from hospitalist respondents. Impacts of the ongoing pandemic on physician burnout warrant continued research.
Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Reductase-2 as a Potential Prognostic Biomarker of Colorectal Cancer: A Study Based on Bioinformatics Approaches
Authors: Xiang Haoyi , Wang Zian , Shen Xuning , Chen Engeng , Chen Wei , song zhangfa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with high mortality rates. Some studies have attempted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying CRC, and few CRC biomarkers are now used in clinical practice. Methods: Herein our aim was to identify a new potential prognostic biomarker of CRC, while providing further theoretical basis for studying the pathogenesis of CRC. Results: PYCR2 expression was to be much higher in CRC tissues than in corresponding non-cancerous tissues, and the prognosis of patients with high PYCR2 expression was significantly poorer than that of those with low PYCR2 expression. Further, PYCR2 showed a high correlation with TRMT61B and CDC23 expression. We found that gene mutations had a significant influence on the prognosis of CRC. PYCR2 siRNA transfection decreased and inhibited the ability of migration and invasion in CRC cells. Conclusions: To summarize, our findings provide novel insights to facilitate better diagnosis as well as treatment of CRC.
Effects of Collagen Membrane on Bone Level and Periodontal Status of Adjacent Tooth After Third Molar Surgery: a Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Kilinc Adnan , Ataol Mert 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background; After the surgical extraction of an impacted lower third molar, periodontal status and distal bone level of the adjacent second molar could be affected negatively. Healing type has been effected periodontal status and distal bone level of the adjacent second molar after third molar surgery. Absorbable materials have some benefits including promoting wound healing through isolation, clot and wound stabilisation, and haemostasis; enhancing primary wound coverage. The aim of this study was to compare primary and secondary healing and collagen-membrane-based primary healing after surgical removal of partially erupted impacted third molars (3Ms), evaluating the distal alveolar bone level (ABL) and periodontal status of the adjacent second molars (2Ms). Methods; Patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomised into three groups: secondary healing (n=28), primary healing (n=27) and membrane-based primary healing (n=29). Digital panoramic radiographs were obtained preoperatively (T1) and three months postoperatively (T2). The distances between the cemento-enamel junctions and the alveolar bone crests on the distal aspects of the adjacent 2Ms were measured using calibrated radiograph measurement software. The pocket depth and plaque index measurements were performed preoperatively and three months postoperatively. The periodontal plaque index (PPI) scores were registered on the distal aspects of the 2Ms, and the mean values were used. Results; Three of the applied healing types positively affected periodontal pocket depth (PPD) and periodontal index values (p<0.05). In terms of the ABL of the adjacent 2Ms, primary 3-4N/healing (p=0.001) and membrane-based primary healing (p=0.000) had superior results to secondary healing. Conclusion; Membrane usage is promising for the distal bone gain and periodontal status of the adjacent 2M. Trial registration: This clinical study was registered started at 17/09/2018 by Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry with the trial number of ACTRN12618001551280 .
Aqueous Extracts of Corni Fructus Protect C2C12 Myoblasts from DNA Damage and Apoptosis Caused by Oxidative Stress
Authors: Kim Sung Ok , Choi Yung Hyun , Lee Eunjoo H. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background Although the various pharmacological effects of Corni Fructus are highly correlated with its antioxidant activity, the blocking effect against oxidative stress in muscle cells is not clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aqueous extracts of Corni Fructus (CFE) against oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in murine skeletal C2C12 myoblasts. Methods and results MTT assay for cell viability, DCF-DA staining for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, Comet assay for DNA damage, annexin V-FITC and PI double staining for apoptosis, JC-1 staining and caspase assay for monitor mitochondrial integrity, and western blotting for related protein levels were conducted in H2O2 oxidative stressed C2C12 cells. Our results showed that CFE pretreatment significantly ameliorated the loss of cell viability and inhibited apoptosis in H2O2-treated C2C12 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. DNA damage induced by H2O2 was also markedly attenuated in the presence of CFE, which was associated with suppression of ROS generation. In addition, H2O2 reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and caused downregulation of Bcl-2 and upregulation of Bax expression, although these were abrogated by CFE pretreatment. Moreover, CFE blocked H2O2-induced cytosolic release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and degradation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Conclusion Taken together, the present results demonstrate that CFE could protect C2C12 cells from H2O2-induced damage by eliminating ROS generation, thereby blocking mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway. These results indicate that CFE has therapeutic potential for the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress-mediated myoblast injury.
Oocyte-derived Factor GDF9 Suppresses Expression of StAR and CYP17A1 in Human Theca Cells
Authors: Guo Xi , Zhong Yiping , Liu Yang , Wu Rihan , Huang Ling , Huang Chuan , Chen Minghui 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: GDF9 expression is decreased in the oocytes of PCOS ovaries when compared with that of normal controls at all developmental stages. The role of this change in excessive production of androgen in PCOS ovaries is unknown because the direct effect of GDF9 on androgen production in human theca cells remain unclear due to limited resources of human theca cells. Methods: We established a new method to extract human theca cells from ovarian follicular fluid obtained during oocyte retrieval in IVF/ICSI. Primary cultured human theca cells were treated with GDF9, an ALK5 inhibitor, and SMAD4 agonist. Then expression of androgen synthesis-related gene StAR, CYP17A1, and LHCGR, levels of androstenedione and testosterone, phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 and the interaction between bone morphogenetic protein receptor II (BMPRII) and ALK5were evaluated by RT-qPCR, western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and co-immunoprecipitation assays respectively. Results: We found that GDF9 decreased StAR, CYP17A1, and LHCGR expression levels in human theca cells, which was prevented by treatment with the ALK5 inhibitor. GDF9 increased SMAD2/3 phosphorylation, and the ALK5 inhibitor also suppressed this effect. BMPRII and ALK5 bound to each other following GDF9 stimulation. The SMAD4 agonist kartogenin also decreased mRNA levels of StAR and CYP17A1, and protein levels of StAR in human theca cells. GDF9 slightly decreased the protein levels of CYP17A1 and StAR in both normal and PCOS theca cells. Conclusions: GDF9 can activate the BMPRII-ALK5-SMAD2/3 signaling pathway and suppress StAR, CYP17A1, and LHCGR expression levels in human theca cells.
Study on the Effect of G/CNT on the Enhanced Capacitance of IrO2-ZnO-G(CNT)/Ti Electrodes
Authors: Ye Tianfeng , Wu Huixuan , Shao Yanqun , Ye Zhanghao , Li Guoyong , Wang Jinjin , Chen Kongfa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Compounding different materials to be the electrode is a good way in the field of supercapacitors. IrO2 was used as an active and conductor oxide, and ZnO was used as a semiconductor oxide. Carbon nanotube (CNT) and Graphene (G) were used to prepare the electrodes of IrO2-ZnO-carbon nanotube (CNT)/Ti and IrO2-ZnO-graphene oxide (G)/Ti by thermal decomposition method and their different effect on the properties was studied in detail. The surface of IrO2-ZnO-CNT/Ti had a "hill-bag" structure, and the IrO2-ZnO-G/Ti had a graphene sheet layered fold structure, their specific surface area and pore volume were significantly greater than that of an electrode without carbon material. The specific capacitances of IrO2-ZnO-G/Ti and IrO2-ZnO-CNT/Ti were 681 F g-1 and 501F g-1, respectively, which were higher than IrO2-ZnO/Ti (399 F g-1). The capacitance retention rate of the IrO2-ZnO-G/Ti electrode coating was 80.24% after 20,000 cyclic tests, which was worse than that of IrO2-ZnO/Ti (90.65%). The addition of carbon materials reduced the cycle stability, but the binding effect of graphene and the coating was better than that of carbon nanotubes. Graphene improved the overall performance better than that of carbon nanotubes. A binder-free asymmetric supercapacitor working in H2SO4 solution was assembled with RuO2-MoO3/Ti and IrO2-ZnO-G/Ti as cathodic and anodic electrode respectively. It exhibited the energy densities of 29.6 W h kg-1 and 25.3 W h kg-1 when the power density was 700 W kg-1 and 3505 W kg-1 respectively. The preliminary charge/discharge mechanism of the asymmetric supercapacitor in the H2SO4 solution was presented.
A Hybrid High Performance Intelligent Computing Approach of CACNN and RNN for Skin Cancer Image Grading
Authors: S Manimurugan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Skin cancer is characterized as the uncontrollable growth of skin cells caused by unrepairable DNA damage. Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancers caused by melanocyte and early diagnosis supports therapists in curing it. Computational pathology offers a one-of-a-kind ability to spatially dissect certain interfaces on digitized histology images. A hybrid context-aware convolutional neural networks with recurrent neural network (CA-CNN-RNN) based on skin cancer histological images is proposed in this research. The proposed model encodes a histology image's local representation into higher-dimensional features first, then aggregated the feature by consider their spatial arrangement to enable the final predictions. In this research, H&E-stained sectioned images from the Cancer Genome Atlas are used as the dataset for assessment. From 58 images, 37 images were used for training and 21 images are used for testing. The process on histology images of melanoma skin cancer was analyzed and validated with various classifiers such as VGG-19, Inception, ResNet50, and DarkNet-53 using the hybrid CA-CNN-RNN model. The dataset is used to generate the results, which are then analyzed based on criteria such as accuracy, recall, precision, and F-score. The performance analysis shows that the proposed CA-CNN-RNN with different classifiers has performed better and among the classifiers the DarkNet-53 model has the better performance in all the parameters.
Type Synthesis of 5-DOF Redundantly Actuated Parallel Mechanisms for Super-Large Components
Authors: Jiang Bing-Shan , Fang Hai-Rong , Fang Yue-Fa , He Li-Tao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Super-large components with complicated surfaces are used for many applications, the processing method of super-large components with complicated surfaces is also problem to be solved. The 5-edgrees of freedom (DOF) redundantly actuated parallel mechanisms (RAPMs) can be used as a movable parallel module in a multi-axis machine center to process super-large components with complicated surfaces. This paper focuses on type synthesis of 5-DOF RAPMs redundantly actuated parallel mechanisms for Super-large components. First, two articulated moving platform and four kinds of limbs are designed based on configuration evolution and Li group theory. By means of the proposed articulated moving platforms and four kinds of limbs, a series of 3T2Rand 2T3R are synthesized. Then, kinematics of the proposed RAPM is analyzed. To ensure the proposed RAPM without impact, a new trajectory planning method combining quadratic function with cosine is proposed and applied to motion simulation. The results show the RAPM not only possesses large output rotational angles, but also verifies the efficiency of the trajectory planning method in motion simulation. The work lays the foundation for solving the processing method of super-large components with complicated surfaces.