bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stromal cell interplay in prostate development, physiology, and pathological conditions
Authors: Sanches Bruno D. A. , Maldarine Juliana S. , Vilamaior Patricia S. L. , Felisbino Sergio L. , Carvalho Hernandes F. , Taboga Sebastião R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAdvances in prostatic stroma studies over the past few decades have demonstrated that the stroma not only supports and nourishes the gland's secretory epithelium but also participates in key aspects of morphogenesis, in the prostate's hormonal metabolism, and in the functionality of the secretory epithelium. Furthermore, the stroma is implicated in the onset and progression of prostate cancer through the formation of the so‐called reactive stroma, which corresponds to a tumorigenesis‐permissive microenvironment. Prostatic stromal cells are interconnected and exchange paracrine signals among themselves in a gland that is highly sensitive to endocrine hormones. There is a growing body of evidence that telocytes, recently detected interstitial cells that are also present in the prostate, are involved in stromal organization, so that their processes form a network of interconnections with both the epithelium and the other stromal cells. The present review provides an update on the different types of prostate stromal cells, their interrelationships and implications for prostate development, physiology and pathological conditions.
Memory‐type t charts with multiple auxiliary information for the process mean
Authors: Haq Abdul , Khoo Michael B. C. , Brown Jennifer 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMultiple auxiliary information‐based (MAIB) memory‐type charts are proposed with fixed and variable sampling intervals for an improved monitoring of the process mean, which include adaptive/nonadaptive cumulative sum (CUSUM) and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) charts. These control charts are constructed based on a unique uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimator of the process mean that requires information on a study variable as well as on several correlated auxiliary variables. The Monte Carlo simulation technique is used to compute the run length characteristics of the proposed charts when sampling from a multivariate normal distribution. The run length comparisons show that the proposed MAIB‐ charts outperform their existing auxiliary information based (AIB) and non‐AIB charts, where the normalizing transformation is used for all considered charts in order to have uniformity in the comparisons. A real data application is also given to support the proposed theory.
Prediction of double transition metal (Cr1−xZrx)2AlC MAX phases as thermal barrier coatings: Insight from density functional theory
Authors: Azzouz‐Rached Ahmed , Rached Habib , Babu Majibul Haque , Hadji Tariq , Rached Djamel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHerein, a high purity (Cr1−xZrx)2AlC solid solutions (with x = 0–1) have been investigated intensively using the first principles density functional theory calculations. The optimized structural parameters were founded to be in good agreement with the experimental results, and increased steadily with rising Zr in (Cr1−xZrx)2AlC solid solutions. The elastic constants Cij and enthalpy formation have been calculated and firmly confirmed that these solid solutions were mechanically and thermodynamically stable. Moreover, the mechanical properties show that the compounds possess brittle behavior with covalent bonding signified that they are relatively hard compared to other MAX phases. Further, the electronic band structures were studied and found a metallic behavior for all the investigated concentrations. Consequently, all the compositions of solid solutions were identified as promising materials for thermal barrier coating and high temperature structural materials due to the high value of melting temperatures and low minimum thermal conductivity.
Direct detection of diphenylamino radical formed by oxidation of diphenylamine using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Son Chae Eun , Choi Sung‐Seen 
Published: July 2021

RationaleDiphenylamine (DPAH) and its derivatives have been widely used as antioxidants. Its antioxidation behaviors are started with the formation of diphenylamino radical (DPA•) by loss of hydrogen atom through reaction with oxygen or ozone. DPAH was oxidized by ozonation to produce DPA• and DPA• was directly detected using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI‐MS). The influence of oxidation time on generation of DPA• and consumption of DPAH was also investigated.MethodsExperiments were performed using a home‐made ozone bubbling apparatus for oxidation of DPAH. DPAH solution (1000 ppm) in acetone was stirred during the ozonation. The oxidized sample was diluted 100‐fold and analyzed using APCI‐MS. Structures and energies of DPAH, DPA• and detected ions were obtained using electronic structure calculations with Spartan 10 and Gaussian 09.ResultsDPA• was detected in positive APCI‐MS in the form of DPAH•+ by proton transfer reaction with protonated acetone. Formation of DPAH•+ from DPA• was more favorable than that of [DPAH + H]+ from DPAH and it was also much more favorable than that of DPA+ from DPA•. By increasing the oxidation time, the relative abundance of DPAH•+ was increased whereas that of [DPAH + H]+ was notably decreased.ConclusionsExistence of DPA• was directly analyzed using APCI‐MS. DPAH and DPA• were differently detected as [DPAH + H]+ and DPAH•+, respectively. Direct APCI‐MS analysis is a suitable technique for identification and quantitation of DPA•.
Outcomes of robotic partial excision of the levator ani muscle for locally advanced low rectal cancer invading the ipsilateral pelvic floor at the anorectal ring level
Authors: Yang Seung Yoon , Cho Min Soo , Kim Nam Kyu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study is to evaluate partial excision of the levator ani muscle (PELM) enables preservation of anal sphincter function although levator ani muscle (LAM) was invaded.MethodsFunctional outcomes and oncologic outcomes of 23 consecutive patients who underwent robotic PELM for low rectal cancer at the anorectal ring level invading or abutting the ipsilateral LAM are analysed.ResultsSecured resection margins were achieved, especially for the circumferential resection margin. During a median follow‐up of 44 months, the 3‐year local recurrence rate was 14.4%. Among patients who underwent diverting ileostomy closure, mean Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Bowel Function Instrument and Wexner scores were 68.3 ± 11.9 and 10.7 ± 5.3, respectively, at 1 year after closure.ConclusionPELM is a sphincter‐preserving alternative to abdominoperineal resection (APR) or extralevator APR for low rectal cancer invading the ipsilateral LAM at the level of the anorectal ring.
Monitoring sustainable development goals and the quest for high‐quality indicators: Learning from a practical evaluation of data on corruption
Authors: Mugellini Giulia , Villeneuve Jean‐Patrick , Heide Marlen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTracing progress in implementing the sustainable development goals (SDGs) is at the core of pushing and accounting for change. However, monitoring SDGs is challenged by a lack of purpose‐fit and high‐quality indicators based on data that are collected through a sound methodology, generated regularly, comparable over time, and publicly accessible. Assessing and improving the quality of existing data is essential for helping countries to generate an evidence base for action. General criteria for evaluating data quality are already available at the national and international level but their practical operationalization for the assessment of specific SDGs indicators is still underdeveloped. Taking target 16.5 as a case study, this paper evaluates the quality of existing corruption surveys and their relevance for SDGs. Results show that the main challenges concern data validity (they measure only one aspect of corruption), comparability (they use culturally biased definitions), periodicity (they are not regularly developed), and raw‐data accessibility. This paper develops an original framework for benchmarking the overall methodological quality of existing corruption metrics. This framework can be used beyond the immediate context of corruption measurement and SDGs assessment. The same logic and methodology can, indeed, be employed to evaluate the quality of other metrics and support national governments and practitioners in identifying the informational and methodological gaps to be addressed in order to improve and make the best use of available statistical information.
Building Ruddlesden–Popper and Single Perovskite Nanocomposites: A New Strategy to Develop High‐Performance Cathode for Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells
Authors: Shi Huangang , Su Chao , Xu Xiaomin , Pan Yangli , Yang Guangming , Ran Ran , Shao Zongping 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHere a new strategy is unveiled to develop superior cathodes for protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) by the formation of Ruddlesden–Popper (RP)‐single perovskite (SP) nanocomposites. Materials with the nominal compositions of LaSrxCo1.5Fe1.5O10−δ (LSCFx, x = 2.0, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, and 3.0) are designed specifically. RP‐SP nanocomposites (x = 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, and 2.8), SP oxide (x = 2.0), and RP oxide (x = 3.0) are obtained through a facile one‐pot synthesis. A synergy is created between RP and SP in the nanocomposites, resulting in more favorable oxygen reduction activity compared to pure RP and SP oxides. More importantly, such synergy effectively enhances the proton conductivity of nanocomposites, consequently significantly improving the cathodic performance of PCFCs. Specifically, the area‐specific resistance of LSCF2.7 is only 40% of LSCF2.0 on BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.2O3−δ (BZCY172) electrolyte at 600 °C. Additionally, such synergy brings about a reduced thermal expansion coefficient of the nanocomposite, making it better compatible with BZCY172 electrolyte. Therefore, an anode‐supported PCFC with LSCF2.7 cathode and BZCY172 electrolyte brings an attractive peak power output of 391 mW cm−2 and excellent durability at 600 °C.
CdSe 1D/2D Mixed‐Dimensional Heterostructures: Curvature‐Complementary Self‐Assembly for Enhanced Visible‐Light Photocatalysis
Authors: Wei Yanze , Zhang Fenghua , Wei Jingjing , Yang Zhijie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMixed‐dimensional heterostructures (MDHs), which combine nanomaterials of different dimensionalities deliver on the promise to bypass intrinsic limitations of a given low‐dimensional material. Here, a strategy to engineer MDHs between two low‐dimensional materials by curvature‐complementary self‐assembly is described. CdSe nanotubes rolled from 2D nanosheets and 1D CdSe nanorods, with negative and positive curvatures, respectively, are selected to illustrate complementary curvature self‐assembly. The assembly process, optical, and photoelectrical properties of the CdSe MDHs are thoroughly investigated. Several remarkable features of CdSe MDHs, including increased light absorption, efficient charge separation, and appropriate bandgap structure are confirmed. The MDHs significantly alleviate the sluggish kinetics of electron transfer in the quantum sized CdSe subunits (onset potential of 0.21 V vs RHE for MDHs; 0.4 V lower than their low‐dimensional building blocks), while the spatial nano‐confinement effect in the CdSe MDHs also assists the interfacial reaction kinetics to render them ideal photocatalysts for benzylamine oxidation (conversion > 99% in 4 h with a two times higher rate than simple mixtures). The results highlight opportunities for building MDHs from low‐dimensional building blocks with curvature‐complementary features and expand the application spectrum of low dimensional materials in artificial photosynthesis.
Acute Delta 9‐tetrahydrocannabinol administration differentially alters the hippocampal opioid system in adult female and male rats
Authors: Windisch Kyle A. , Mazid Sanoara , Johnson Megan A. , Ashirova Elina , Zhou Yan , Gergoire Lennox , Warwick Sydney , McEwen Bruce S. , Kreek Mary Jeanne , Milner Teresa A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOur prior studies demonstrated that the rat hippocampal opioid system can undergo sex‐specific adaptations to external stimuli that can influence opioid‐associated learning processes. This opioid system extensively overlaps with the cannabinoid system. Moreover, acute administration of Δ9Tetrahydrocannabinoid (THC), the primary psychoactive constituent of cannabis, can alter cognitive behaviors that involve the hippocampus. Here, we use light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical methods to examine the effects of acute THC (5 mg/kg, i.p., 1 h) on mossy fiber Leu‐Enkephalin (LEnk) levels and the distribution and phosphorylation levels of delta and mu opioid receptors (DORs and MORs, respectively) in CA3 pyramidal cells and parvalbumin dentate hilar interneurons of adult female and male Sprague–Dawley rats. In females with elevated estrogen states (proestrus/estrus stage), acute THC altered the opioid system so that it resembled that seen in vehicle‐injected females with low estrogen states (diestrus) and males: (1) mossy fiber LEnk levels in CA2/3a decreased; (2) phosphorylated‐DOR levels in CA2/3a pyramidal cells increased; and (3) phosphorylated‐MOR levels increased in most CA3b laminae. In males, acute THC resulted in the internalization of MORs in parvalbumin‐containing interneuron dendrites which would decrease disinhibition of granule cells. In both sexes, acute THC redistributed DORs to the near plasma membrane of CA3 pyramidal cell dendrites, however, the dendritic region varied with sex. Additionally, acute THC also resulted in a sex‐specific redistribution of DORs within CA3 pyramidal cell dendrites which could differentially promote synaptic plasticity and/or opioid‐associated learning processes in both females and males.
In vivo CT imaging tracking of stem cells labeled with Au nanoparticles
Authors: Huang Jie , Bao Hongying , Li Xiaodi , Zhang Zhijun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStem cell–based therapy offers great promise for a wide range of diseases and injuries that cannot be effectively treated by existing medicine and therapies. However, the translation of stem cell therapy to the clinic is still hampered by the lack of profound understanding about the survival, differentiation, migration, homing, and fate of the transplanted stem cells during the therapy. To address these issues, computed tomography (CT) based on nanomaterials, in particular gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), has been developed for enhanced and long‐term imaging tracking of transplanted stem cells. In this Mini‐Review, we summarize the recent progress in AuNP‐based CT imaging tracking of stem cells, with focuses on new strategies to improve cellular uptake of AuNPs for better CT imaging contrast, and on multimodal imaging tracking of stem cells in vivo. Finally, we discuss the existing challenges and possible future developments of the AuNP‐based CT imaging tracking of stem cells for regenerative medicine and other biomedical applications.
Hybrid nano‐ and microgels doped with photoacoustic contrast agents for cancer theranostics
Authors: Xiao Yu , Gateau Jérôme , Silva Amanda K A , Shi Xiangyang , Gazeau Florence , Mangeney Claire , Luo Yun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPhotoacoustic imaging (PAI) is an emerging noninvasive and inexpensive bioimaging modality, which has stimulated a wide interest in recent years for cancer theranostics. Hybrid nano‐ and microgels have been designed as protective carriers to incorporate PAI contrast agents due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability, high loading capacity, versatile surface chemistry, and stimuli‐responsive properties. These key features offer unprecedented opportunities for the design of innovative multifunctional cancer theranostic agents. This review focuses on the recent development of photoacoustic active nano‐ and microgels for biomedical applications in cancer theranostics and cancer hallmark imaging. The various chemical natures of gels and PAI contrast agents and the elaboration methods of hybrid matrices are summarized and discussed. Their applications in multimodal cancer theranostics and cancer hallmark imaging are presented, highlighting their merits and potential in treatment and diagnosis.
Monolateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis treated with piezoelectric surgery employing 3D printed pre‐operative surgical planning model in cat
Authors: Zanfabro Matteo , Radice Mirko , Brusati Marta , Quintavalla Fausto 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to describe and share employment of piezoelectic surgery and 3D printed pre‐operative surgical planning model in cat affected by temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJa). A 3‐year‐old neutered male domestic shorthair cat presented feeding problem was submitted for a CT scan of the head in order to investigate clinical TMJa. A 16‐slice multidetector CT scanner was used. CT scan revealed a misshapen, rounded right condylar process, with irregular and reduced TMJ space. A right condylectomy through piezoelectric surgery was performed. In order to plan the best surgical approach, a 3D printed model was used prior the surgery to easy identify the ideal angulation for condylectomy and during the surgery to verify the proper extent of the osteotomy. At 6‐month follow‐up the range of mouth opening is close to normal.
Visitor attachment to dolphins during an interaction programme, are there implications to dolphin behavior?
Authors: Welsh Thomas , Ward Samantha 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMillions of people visit zoos and aquariums globally each year, with a smaller number choosing to participate in animal interaction programmes which allows visitors closer contact with individual animals. These are reportedly having mixed effects in increasing conservation‐related behaviors. Human‐animal interactions (HAIs) during these programmes are generally positive experiences for the human participants, however are there behavioral implications for the animals involved? The Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) is the most widely used cetacean for dolphin interactions, known as “swim with dolphin” (SWD) programmes. This study investigated visitor attachment to the dolphins they interacted with, whilst assessing behavioral implications of the dolphins. A total of 41 visitors to a Spanish dolphinarium, who participated in a SWD were surveyed using a modified version of the Lexington Attachment to Pets Scale. Alongside this, 15‐min continuous focal samples monitored three female dolphins (D1, D2, and D3) aged 22–40, split into pre (n = 96), during (n = 96) and post (n = 96) SWD. 80% of visitors reported a sense of attachment to the dolphin they interacted with. An exploratory factor analysis extracted three factors from the survey, these were “relationships,” “emotional attachment,” and “non‐attachment.” A Friedmans two‐way analysis of variance produced significant results for some behavior categories for each individual, including locomotory (D1: F2 = 9.556, p < .01), rest (D2: F2 = 14, p < .01, D3: F2 = 10.889, p < .01) and individual play (D1: F2 = 11.677, p < .01 D2: F2 = 6.353, p < .05) however, pairwise comparison showed no differences pre‐post SWD. In this context it can be implied that participating in the SWD was neither enriching nor aversive for the individual animals, although due to the small sample size further research is required. As visitors reported a sense of attachment post HAI, this can have applications in improving conservation education during SWD. This study has provided scope for further research into methods that facilities can use to utilize the emotional attachment developed to individual animals to facilitate learning about conservation issues.
Analytic techniques for solving the transport equations in electroweak baryogenesis
Authors: Fuchs Elina , Losada Marta , Nir Yosef , Viernik Yehonatan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We develop an efficient method for solving transport equations, particularly in the context of electroweak baryogenesis. It provides fully-analytical results under mild approximations and can also test semi-analytical results, which are applicable in more general cases. Key elements of our method include the reduction of the second-order differential equations to first order, representing the set of coupled equations as a block matrix of the particle densities and their derivatives, identification of zero modes, and block decomposition of the matrix. We apply our method to calculate the baryon asymmetry of the Universe (BAU) in a Standard Model effective field theory framework of complex Yukawa couplings to determine the sensitivity of the resulting BAU to modifications of various model parameters and rates, and to estimate the effect of the commonly-used thin-wall approximation.
Skipping the doctor: evidence from a case with extended self-certification of paid sick leave
Authors: Ferman Bruno , Torsvik Gaute , Vaage Kjell 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of a policy reform in a municipality in Norway that extended to workers the right to self-certify sickness absence from work. After the reform, workers were no longer obliged to obtain a certificate from a physician to receive sickness benefits. They could call in sick directly to their line leader and had to engage in a counselling program organized by the employer. To estimate the effect of this reform, we contrast the change in sickness absence among employees who were granted the extended right to self-certify absence with absence among employees who had to obtain a physician’s certificate to be entitled to sickness benefits. We use both a standard difference-in-differences method and the synthetic control method to estimate the effect of the reform. We can rule out large positive effects on absence after the reform, with strong evidence that the policy change actually resulted in a reduction in absence for female workers.