bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nursing triage in acute stroke
Authors: Rodríguez Vico Araceli , Sánchez Hernández Fernando 
Published: November 2021

En las ultimas décadas, el papel de la enfermería en el triaje y cribado de pacientes en los servicios de urgencias y emergencias, tanto en el entorno prehospitalario como sobre todo en los hospitales, es esencial e indiscutible. Con el objetivo de analizar el triaje realizado por enfermería para detectar los pacientes con ictus agudo, y llegado el caso mejorarlo, se ha realizado un estudio retrospectivo de las presentaciones cardinales del ictus, la escala del Instituto Nacional de la Salud de Estados Unidos, y la escala modificada de Rankin, aplicadas en el set del triaje por enfermería en el Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, durante el período comprendido entre los años 2016 y 2019, ambos inclusive. El total de historias clínicas analizadas ha sido de 1572. El análisis está centrado en la fiabilidad, evaluado por enfermería, de la presentación cardinal del ictus agudo, y de las dos escalas, frente a los algoritmos tradicionales rápidos de detección del ictus, en particular el método FAST, y la escala de Cincinnati. Nuestro estudio demuestra que son varias las presentaciones clínicas que escapan a las escalas rápidas, por lo que es esencial ampliar los métodos de triaje del ictus agudo realizados por enfermería, con el fin de evitar retardos en la detección y el tratamiento definitivo (enfermedad tiempo-dependiente). Así pues, la identificación ampliada de las presentaciónes cardinales, junto con el uso de escalas más detalladas aplicadas por enfermería entrenada, se muestran como herramientas muy útiles de detección del ictus agudo.
In recent decades, the role of nursing in triage and screening of patients in emergency services, both in prehospital environment and especially in hospitals, is essential and indisputable. In order to analyze the triage carried out by nursing to detect patients with acute stroke, and if necessary improve it, a retrospective study was carried out of the cardinal presentations of stroke, the scale of the National Institute of Health of the United States, and the modified Rankin scale, applied in the nursing triage set at the Salamanca University Hospital, during the period between 2016 and 2019, both inclusive. The total number of clinical records analyzed was 1572. The analysis is focused on the reliability, evaluated by nursing, of the cardinal presentations of acute stroke, and of the two scales, compared to the traditional rapid algorithms for stroke detection, in particular the FAST method, and the Cincinnati scale. Our study shows that there are several clinical presentations that escape the rapid scales, so it is essential to expand the triage methods of acute stroke carried out by nursing, in order to avoid delays in detection and definitive treatment (time-dependent disease). Thus, the expanded identification of cardinal presentations, together with the use of more detailed scales applied by trained nurses, appear to be very useful tools for the detection of acute stroke.
Influence of soil amendment of different concentrations of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer on physiological characteristics, yield and quality of “Hangjiao No.2” Chili Pepper
Authors: Bakpa Emily Patience , Xie Jianming , Zhang Jing , Han Kangning , Ma Yufeng , Liu Tiandong 
Published: November 2021

Amino acids are well known as natural stimulators of plant growth and are widely used to promote crop yield and quality. Several studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of amino acid (s) as a foliar spray on a variety of plant species. However, the effects of soil amendment of different concentrations of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer on the physiological characteristics, yield, and quality of pepper remain unclear. Following this, three experimental sets of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer in the ratio 1.8: 2.7: 3.6 kg including control (CK) were conducted in Lintao county, Gansu province. The treatments were applied through furrow method at 6 weeks after planting. The results showed that physiological characteristics of the pepper plants, such as chlorophyll a (1.35 mg g−1), and b (0.67 mg g−1), total chlorophyll (2.02 mg g−1), carotenoid (0.63 mg g−1), ETR (26.25 µmol m−2s−1), Fv/Fm (0.75), Qp (0.92) contents of the leaves were increased by the 1.8 kg treatment while NPQ (71.37%) and root activity (2185.52 µg g−1h−1) were improved by the 3.6 kg treatment compared to the control. Fertilization with 2.7 kg of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer also had a significant influence on fruit length (25.50 cm), and yield of pepper (37.92 t ha−1) while fruit diameter (24.51 mm), firmness (5.30 kg cm−2), fresh (48.10 g) and dry (4.71 g) weights were higher in the 1.8 kg treatment compared to the control. The lowest rate of fertilizer (1.8 kg) applied again resulted in a significant increase in soluble protein (79.79%), capsaicin (5.80 mg g−1), dihydrocapsaicin (1.08 mg g−1), vitamin C (72.33%) and the essential and non-essential amino acid contents of the pepper which ranged from (235.15 to 11.16 µg g−1) and (1,605.10 to 16.63 µg g−1) respectively, while soluble sugar (9.02%) was enhanced by 3.6 kg treatment compared to the control. The findings suggest that soil amendment with low concentration of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer (1.8 kg) could be successfully used to improve the physiological characteristics and fruit quality of peppers in vegetable production.
ILMI algorithm for robust stabilization under structured uncertainties
Authors: Dragoljub Stefanovski Jovan 
Published: November 2021

SummaryAn iterative algorithm with linear matrix inequalities (ILMI) is presented, for robust stabilization of linear time‐invariant systems, where the uncertainty is a structured rational matrix belonging to a positive‐real‐like set, determined by scalar . The algorithm searches for a maximal set, in respect to inclusion of sets, that is, for the minimal parameter . A property of the algorithm is that a suboptimal solution is found in each iteration of the algorithm, and decreases in each iteration. Robustness in respect to the change of controller coefficients is elaborated on, and it is shown by examples that it can be greater than the robustness of the ‐controller. The efficiency of the algorithm, as well as its conservativity/non‐conservativity, is tested on examples with random numbers.
Honeycomb‐Structure RuI3, A New Quantum Material Related to α‐RuCl3
Authors: Ni Danrui , Gui Xin , Powderly Kelly M. , Cava Robert J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe layered honeycomb lattice material α‐RuCl3 has emerged as a prime candidate for displaying the Kitaev quantum spin liquid state, and as such has attracted much research interest. Here a new layered honeycomb lattice polymorph of RuI3, a material that is strongly chemically and structurally related to α‐RuCl3 is described. The material is synthesized at moderately elevated pressures and is stable under ambient conditions. Preliminary characterization reveals that it is a metallic conductor, with the absence of long‐range magnetic order down to 0.35 K and an unusually large T‐linear contribution to the heat capacity. It is proposed that this phase, with a layered honeycomb lattice and strong spin–orbit coupling, provides a new route for the characterization of quantum materials.
Nanoplasmonic‐Enhanced Spintronic Terahertz Emission
Authors: Liu Shaojie , Guo Fengwei , Li Peiyan , Wei Gaoshuai , Wang Chun , Chen Xinhou , Wang Bo , Zhao Weisheng , Miao Jungang , Wang Li , Xu Yong , Wu Xiaojun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecently fashionable spintronic terahertz (THz) emission provides fresh pathways for contactless diagnosing femtosecond spin currents, opens the door for developing next‐generation high‐performance THz emitters, and accelerates the interdisciplinary of ultrafast THz optospintronics. However, one of the research highlights of ultrafast magnetism and the difficulty for further improving the spintronic THz emission productivity is how to efficiently reduce the energy consumption of all‐optical magnetitic manipulation and improve the optical spin injection efficiency. Here, it is demonstrated, for the first time, gold nanorods (GNRs) plasmonic resonances can effectively increase the THz emission from W/CoFeB/Pt heterostructures by 140%. Systematic investigations of THz yield dependences on pumping laser incidence directionality, polarization, and the GNRs dimension parameter conclusively manifest the surface plasmon resonance validity. Theoretical interpretations combined with Drude–Lorentz model and numerical simulations semiquantitatively reproduce the experimental results. The observations prove that THz efficiency can be improved by nanophotonic technologies and may also spark inspiration for developing functional nano‐THz optospintronic devices.
Low‐Threshold Exciton‐Polariton Condensation via Fast Polariton Relaxation in Organic Microcavities
Authors: Ishii Tomohiro , Miyata Kiyoshi , Mamada Masashi , Bencheikh Fatima , Mathevet Fabrice , Onda Ken , Kéna‐Cohen Stéphane , Adachi Chihaya 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn organic microcavities, a macroscopic condensate of exciton‐polaritons can be formed at high‐exciton polariton densities. The threshold for forming this condensate is proportional to the relaxation rate from initially excited excitons to these polaritons and the lifetime of the lowest energy polariton states. Although the influence of the lower polariton (LP) lifetime on the threshold has been studied, the relationship between the polariton relaxation rate and the threshold has not been fully explored. In this study, a room‐temperature polariton condensate is demonstrated at a threshold pump fluence of 9.7 ± 0.1 µJ cm−2, in a microcavity containing 4,4″‐bis((E)‐4‐(3,6‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl))styryl)‐1,1″‐biphenyl (BSBCz‐EH). By using a semiclassical model to describe the polariton kinetics, it is revealed that this low threshold results from the rapid relaxation rate from the dark exciton reservoir to the set of the LP states forming the condensate, with an effective rateWep ≈ 2.0 × 10−5cm3s−1. These results show that accelerating polariton relaxation is possible and is an important factor for realizing low‐threshold polariton condensates.
Tunable Intracrystal Cavity in Tungsten Bronze‐Like Bimetallic Oxides for Electrochromic Energy Storage
Authors: Cai Guofa , Zhu Rui , Liu Shiyou , Wang Jinhui , Wei Congyuan , Griffith Kent J. , Jia Yu , Lee Pooi See 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDesigning materials with appropriate crystal and electronic structures to enhance ionic and electronic transport simultaneously are highly desirable for both electrochromic and electrochemical energy storage devices. It remains a great challenge to simultaneously meet these requirements. Here, a Nb18W16O93 nanomaterial is successfully synthesized with superstructure motifs and uniform self‐supported electrochromic films are prepared on a transparent conductive substrate. The results show that the films can effectively accommodate lithium ions and facilitate intercalation–deintercalation on transparent fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates at high current density. Mechanistic insights into the excellent electrochromic and rechargeable energy storage properties are provided by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Specifically, the Nb18W16O93 film displays a large optical modulation (up to 93% at 633 nm and 89% at 1200 nm), high coloration efficiency (105.6 cm2 C−1), high energy storage capacity (151.4 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1), excellent rate capability, and long‐term electrochemical stability (6000 cycles). As a demonstration of its application, an energy storage indicator is illustrated and a complementary electrochromic energy storage smart window is fabricated based on the Nb18W16O93 film. The results demonstrate that the Nb18W16O93 nanomaterial has a promising application in the field of high‐performance electrochromic and energy storage devices.
A Persistent Phosphanyl‐Substituted Thioketyl Radical Anion
Authors: Szych Lilian Sophie , Pilopp Yannic , Bresien Jonas , Villinger Alexander , Rabeah Jabor , Schulz Axel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlkali metal salts, M+[Ter(iPr)P−C(=S)−P(iPr)2S].− (M=Na, K; 2_M; Ter=2,6‐bis‐(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)phenyl) containing a room‐temperature‐stable thioketyl radical anion were obtained by reduction of the thioketone precursor, Ter(iPr)P−C(=S)−P(iPr)2S (1), with alkali metals (Na, K). Single‐crystal X‐ray studies as well as EPR spectroscopy revealed the unequivocal existence of a thioketyl radical anion in the solid state and in solution, respectively. The computed Mulliken spin density within 2_M is mainly located at the sulfur (49 %) and the carbonyl carbon (33 %) atoms. Upon adding [2.2.2]‐cryptand to the radical species 2_K to minimize the interionic interaction, an activation reaction was observed, yielding a potassium salt with a phosphanyl thioether based anion, [K(crypt)]+[Ter(iPr)P−C(−S‐iPr)−P(iPr)2S]− (3) as the product of an intermolecular shift of an iPr group from a second anion. The products were fully characterized and application of the radical anion as a reducing agent was demonstrated.
Development and validation of LC–MS/MS method for amlexanox in rat plasma and its application in preclinical pharmacokinetics
Authors: Chen Dan , Du Kaixin , Niu Xiaochen , Zhang Hongwei , Zhang Xue , Tang Yu , Zhao Jianchun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAmlexanox, an anti‐inflammatory and anti‐allergic agent, has been widely used clinically for the treatment of canker sores, asthma, and allergic rhinitis. Recently, amlexanox has received considerable attention in curing nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases and hepatitis virus infection. Herein, we first established a sensitive high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrum (LC–MS/MS) method for the determination of amlexanox in rat plasma. Propranolol was used as the internal standard (IS). Using a simple protein precipitation method, the amlexanox and IS were separated with Capcell Pak C18 column (2.0 × 50 mm, 5 μm) and eluted with water and acetonitrile each containing 0.1% formic acid using gradient elution condition at a flow rate of 0.4 mL·min−1. Amlexanox and IS were detected by a triple quadrupole mass in multiple reactive monitoring (MRM) under the transitions of m/z 299.2 → 281.2 and m/z 259.9 → 116.1 with positive electrospray ionization, respectively. The calibration curves of amlexanox were established with the range of 50 to 2000 ng·mL−1 (r2 > 0.99). The validation method consisted of selectivity, accuracy, precision, carryover effect, matrix effect, recovery, dilution effect, and stability. The fully validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of amlexanox in Wistar rats.
Phase 1 trial of ADI‐PEG 20 and liposomal doxorubicin in patients with metastatic solid tumors
Authors: Yao Shuyang , Janku Filip , Koenig Kimberly , Tsimberidou Apostolia Maria , Piha‐Paul Sarina Anne , Shi Nai , Stewart John , Johnston Amanda , Bomalaski John , Meric‐Bernstam Funda , Fu Siqing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundArginine depletion interferes with pyrimidine metabolism and DNA damage repair pathways. Preclinical data demonstrated that depletion of arginine by PEGylated arginine deiminase (ADI‐PEG 20) enhanced liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) cytotoxicity in cancer cells with argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1) deficiency. The objective of this study was to assess safety and tolerability of ADI‐PEG 20 and PLD in patients with metastatic solid tumors.MethodsPatients with advanced ASS1‐deficient solid tumors were enrolled in this phase 1 trial of ADI‐PEG 20 and PLD following a 3 + 3 design. Eligible patients were given intravenous PLD biweekly and intramuscular (IM) ADI‐PEG 20 weekly. Toxicity and efficacy were evaluated according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 4.0) and Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (version 1.1), respectively.ResultsOf 15 enrolled patients, 9 had metastatic HER2‐negative breast carcinoma. We observed no dose‐limiting toxicities or treatment‐related deaths. One patient safely received 880 mg/m2 PLD in this study and 240 mg/m2 doxorubicin previously. Treatment led to stable disease in 9 patients and was associated with a median progression‐free survival time of 3.95 months in 15 patients. Throughout the duration of treatment, decreased arginine and increased citrulline levels in peripheral blood remained significant in a majority of patients. We detected no induction of anti‐ADI‐PEG 20 antibodies by week 8 in one third of patients.ConclusionConcurrent IM injection of ADI‐PEG 20 at 36 mg/m2 weekly and intravenous infusion of PLD at 20 mg/m2 biweekly had an acceptable safety profile in patients with advanced ASS1‐deficient solid tumors. Further evaluation of this combination is under discussion.
Pan‐cancer analyses reveal that increased Hedgehog activity correlates with tumor immunosuppression and resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Jiang Junjie , Ding Yongfeng , Chen Yanyan , Lu Jun , Chen Yiran , Wu Guanghao , Xu Nong , Wang Haiyong , Teng Lisong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown numerous clinical benefits in multiple cancer types, but good predictive biomarkers are severely lacking. Although increasing evidence has linked Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway with tumor development, a systematic investigation for its potential as a biomarker remains elusive.MethodsWe collected and analyzed the transcriptional data and clinical outcomes of diverse cancers from the Cancer Genome Atlas and four published ICI datasets. Hh activity was estimated by conducting a single‐sample gene‐set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) for the Hh‐related genes and calculating the ssGSEA score in each tumor sample.ResultsOur findings suggest that tumors with high Hh activity displayed multiple immunosuppressive characteristics, including lack of anti‐tumor response pathways, downregulation of immune effectors, enrichment of immunosuppressive cells and chemokines, and activation of immunosuppressive signaling. Notably, patients in the non‐response group had enriched Hh activity and showed worse overall survival (OS; pooled HR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.02–2.21, p = 0.039). In the subgroup of high programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression, patients who harbored high Hh activity displayed a dramatically lower response rate to ICIs and a strikingly worse OS (pooled HR = 2.89, 95% CI = 1.53–5.49, p < 0.001).ConclusionIncreased Hh activity correlates with tumor immunosuppression across diverse cancers. Hh activity is not only a predictive biomarker for resistance to ICIs but can also better predict clinical outcomes in combination with PD‐L1 expression.
A screening assistance system for cervical cytology of squamous cell atypia based on a two‐step combined CNN algorithm with label smoothing
Authors: Nambu Yuta , Mariya Tasuku , Shinkai Shota , Umemoto Mina , Asanuma Hiroko , Sato Ikuma , Hirohashi Yoshihiko , Torigoe Toshihiko , Fujino Yuichi , Saito Tsuyoshi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough many cervical cytology diagnostic support systems have been developed, it is challenging to classify overlapping cell clusters with a variety of patterns in the same way that humans do. In this study, we developed a fast and accurate system for the detection and classification of atypical cell clusters by using a two‐step algorithm based on two different deep learning algorithms.MethodsWe created 919 cell images from liquid‐based cervical cytological samples collected at Sapporo Medical University and annotated them based on the Bethesda system as a dataset for machine learning. Most of the images captured overlapping and crowded cells, and images were oversampled by digital processing. The detection system consists of two steps: (1) detection of atypical cells using You Only Look Once v4 (YOLOv4) and (2) classification of the detected cells using ResNeSt. A label smoothing algorithm was used for the dataset in the second classification step. This method annotates multiple correct classes from a single cell image with a smooth probability distribution.ResultsThe first step, cell detection by YOLOv4, was able to detect all atypical cells above ASC‐US without any observed false negatives. The detected cell images were then analyzed in the second step, cell classification by the ResNeSt algorithm, which exhibited average accuracy and F‐measure values of 90.5% and 70.5%, respectively. The oversampling of the training image and label smoothing algorithm contributed to the improvement of the system's accuracy.ConclusionThis system combines two deep learning algorithms to enable accurate detection and classification of cell clusters based on the Bethesda system, which has been difficult to achieve in the past. We will conduct further research and development of this system as a platform for augmented reality microscopes for cytological diagnosis.
PD‐L1 expression is associated with the spontaneous regression of patients with methotrexate‐associated lymphoproliferative disorders
Authors: Gion Yuka , Doi Misato , Nishimura Yoshito , Ikeda Tomoka , Filiz Nishimura Midori , Sakamoto Misa , Egusa Yuria , Nishikori Asami , Fujita Azusa , Iwaki Noriko , Nakamura Naoya , Yoshino Tadashi , Sato Yasuharu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundMost patients with methotrexate‐associated lymphoproliferative disorder (MTX‐LPD) show diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) or classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) types. Patients with MTX‐LPD often have spontaneous remission after MTX discontinuation, but chemotherapeutic intervention is frequently required in patients with CHL‐type MTX‐LPD. In this study, we examined whether programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression levels were associated with the prognosis of MTX‐LPD after MTX discontinuation.MethodsA total of 72 Japanese patients diagnosed with MTX‐LPD were clinicopathologically analyzed, and immunohistochemical staining of PD‐L1 was performed in 20 DLBCL‐type and 24 CHL‐type MTX‐LPD cases to compare with the clinical course.ResultsPD‐L1 was expressed in 5.0% (1/20) of patients with DLBCL‐type MTX‐LPD, whereas it was expressed in 66.7% (16/24) of the patients with CHL‐type MTX‐LPD in more than 51% of tumor cells. Most CHL‐type MTX‐LPD patients with high PD‐L1 expression required chemotherapy owing to exacerbations or relapses after MTX discontinuation. However, no significant differences in clinicopathologic findings at diagnosis were observed between PD‐L1 high‐ and low‐expression CHL‐type MTX‐LPD.ConclusionPD‐L1 expression was significantly higher in patients with CHL‐type than DLBCL‐type MTX‐LPD, suggesting the need for chemotherapy in addition to MTX discontinuation in CHL‐type MTX‐LPD patients to achieve complete remission. No association was observed between PD‐L1 expression levels and clinical findings at diagnosis, suggesting that PD‐L1 expression in tumor cells influences the pathogenesis of CHL‐type MTX‐LPD after MTX discontinuation.