bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated factors among human immunodeficiency virus patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in North central Nigeria
Authors: Reng Rifkatu S. , Onwuegbuzie Gerald A. , Salisu Muaz , Anumah Felicia 
Published: September 2021

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a complex disorder defined by cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The Use of Highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV patients is associated with metabolic syndrome which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of MS among HAART treated HIV patients and HAART naïve patients.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that evaluated 581 (396 females, 184 males) consenting HIV patents in the hospital. Clinical characteristics, anthropometry, blood pressure, lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, fasting plasma insulin, CD4 cell counts and viral load were determined using appropriate standard techniques. MS was defined using International Diabetes Federation (IDF) cut-off values.Results: The overall prevalence of MS was 10.7%, with more females 52 (13.1%) than males 10 (5.4%), p=0.005. MS in patients on HAART was 58 (15.1%) and HAART naive 4 (2.0%). Overall, waist circumference, BMI, systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic blood pressure (BP), triglycerides and fasting blood glucose were 82.7±11.5, 22.7±, 120.6±17.6, 77.5±10.6, 1.1±0.7 and 5.1±1.9 respectively. Patients with MS had significantly higher (p<0.05) waist circumference (94.1 vs 81.3 cm), BMI (24.8 vs 22.5 kg/m2), systolic BP (135.4 vs 118.8 mmHg), diastolic BP (86.2 vs 76.5 mmHg), triglycerides (1.3 vs 1.0 mmol/l) and fasting blood glucose (6.3 vs 4.9 mmol/l). Insulin resistance (IR) was higher in patients with MS 11.8(7.9) compared with patients without MS 5.5 (6.8) p=0.02.Conclusions: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in this study was lower than that reported in previous works, the prevalence is much higher in the HAART treated patients. The risk of MS were high triglycerides, hypertension and abnormal fasting blood glucose. There was significant association with the traditional risk factors, age, female gender and HIV duration.
Correlation of serum IgG antibodies to helicobacter pylori in chronic skin disorders: A case-control study
Authors: Gupta Kalpana , Jain Arushi , Yadav Tania , Gupta Pankaj , Kaur Navneet 
Published: September 2021

It is known that chronic idiopathic urticaria occasionally develops in association with Helicobacter pylori infection, but this relationship remains unproven. Also, many studies show. We investigated the role of H. pylori infection in patients of chronic idiopathic urticaria, other chronic skin disorders as well as healthy controls using urease breath test and immunoturbidimetry for anti H. pylori IgG antibodies. Three groups of eighty-nine patients each were taken as cases, controls and placebo controls respectively. All patients having IgG titer of 10U/ml or above and Urease Breath Test Positivity were considered positive. : The positive rate of anti H. Pylori IgG antibodies was 78.65% (70/89) in case group, 84.71% (22/89) in controls with other skin disorders and 32.58% (29/89) in placebo control group. While positive rate for Urease Breath Test were found to be 79.8% (71/89) in cases, 35.95% (32/89) in controls with other skin diseases and 32.58% (29/89) in placebo controls. In chronic idiopathic urticaria a high titer of anti H. pylori IgG and Urease Breath Test positivity suggests that inclusion of anti H. pylori therapy in it’s the management would be beneficial and would lead to lower rates of recurrence. Also, low positivity rates of Urease Breath Test and Anti H. pylori IgG in controls with other chronic skin diseases and placebo controls points towards no clear evidence to prove a causal relationship between these diseases and H. pylori infection.
A clinical study of dermatotses in neonates in Silchar medical college
Authors: Das Kinnor , Gupta Bhaskar , Das Sumit 
Published: September 2021

According to WHO a neonate, is a child under 28 days of age. The neonatal skin changes show a wide geographic and ethnic variation. It is important to know the pattern of dermatoses prevalent among Indian children during the neonatal period. The current study was conducted to study the prevalence of neonatal dermatoses in southern Assam and to study relationship of neonatal dermatoses with maturity and birth weight of neonates.150 neonates who developed cutaneous lesions over a period of one year were examined. Proportion of each dermatoses and prevalence ratio were calculated using relevant formulae. Out of the 150 neonates, 66 % neonates had transient physiological changes, 11.33% had congenital disorders and genodermatoses, 4.67% had iatrogenic complications, 30% had acquired skin diseases, 8% had neonatal infections and 2% had other miscellaneous diseases. The five most common dermatoses overall were diaper dermatitis (17.33%), miliaria (14%), erythema toxicum neonatorum (13.33%), infantile seborrheic dermatitis (12.67%), sebaceous gland hyperplasia (6%) and Mongolian spot (6%). Low birth weight babies had predilection for vernix caseosa, sucking blisters, candidiasis, miniature puberty, caput succedaneum, cephalohematoma, physiological jaundice, infantile acropustulosis, salmon patch, Epstein’s pearls/ Bohn's nodules, miliaria, sebaceous gland hyperplasia, neonatal acne, Mongolian spot, bullous impetigo, erythroderma Preterm neonates had predilection for vernix caseosa, sucking blisters, miniature puberty, candidiasis, Mongolian spot, caput succedaneum, cephalohematoma, erythroderma, miliaria, Epstein’s pearls/ Bohn's nodules and a positive association was seen between post-term neonates and physiological desquamation, diaper dermatitis. Neonatal psoriasis and neonatal dermatophyte infection were the unusual findings which we found in our study.
Efficacy of oral tranexamic acid versus triple combination for the treatment of melasma: A prospective, double blinded randomised controlled trial
Authors: Appannavar Shruti , Rohith  , Pise Gajanan 
Published: September 2021

Melasma is a common acquired hypermelanosis characterized by irregular light to dark brown macules and patches seen mainly in women and over sun-exposed skin on the face. We have undertaken this RCT to compare the efficacy between oral Tranexamic acid and Topical Triple combination as Tranexamic acid is having good safety profile.To compare the therapeutic efficacy of oral Tranexamic acid versus Topical Triple combination for the treatment of Melasma using MASI score. To compare the adverse effects profile of each treatment modality. Total subjects (66 patients) were divided into 2 groups (A and B, each with 33 patients) by simple randomization method.Patients and analysers were blinded to treatments. Group-A received topical triple combination cream once daily (15-minutes) at night for 8 weeks followed by maintenance regimen of biweekly application of product for 4 weeks and oral placebo tablets (calcium gluconate 250mg) twice daily for 12 weeks. Group-B received oral Tranexamic acid tablets 250mg twice daily for 12 weeks with topical placebo cream (Moisturizer) once daily at night for 8 weeks followed by maintenance regimen of biweekly application of product for 4 weeks. MASI score was assessed at baseline and monthly follow-up visits along with simultaneous serial digital photographs, with the recording of side effects. Both groups showed significant decrease in MASI score in each followup visits without any statistically significant difference.In epidermal melasma topical triple combination is preferred over oral tranexamic acid. In dermal and mixed variety oral tranexamic acid is better.
A study of antifungal susceptibility pattern of dermatophytes at tertiary care center
Authors: Sethi Siddharth , Kumar Ujjwal , Varma Krishnendra , Marothi Yogyata , Pratap Singh Chouhan Mahendra 
Published: September 2021

Dermatophytes are fungi that can cause infections of the skin, hair & nails due to their ability to invade keratin. Dermatophytosis is the most common superficial fungal infection worldwide; it is common in tropics and subtropical regions. It may present in epidemic proportions in areas of high humidity: The present study aimed to identify various species causing dermatophytosis & to determine the invitro susceptibility pattern against commonly used systemic antifungal agents in our tertiary care center.A total of 149 samples were collected of infected skin, hair and nails in a period of 1 year from January 2020 to December 2020. Samples were collected under aseptic condition by skin scrapping, nail and hair clipping by using scalpel or forceps. Identification of the causative pathogen was done by performing slide culture, lacto-phenol cotton blue mount, hair perforation tests and urease tests. We adopted a newly developed agar based disk diffusion assay to test susceptibility of clinically isolated dermatophytes for antifungal susceptibility testing.Microbiological investigations revealed the presence of dermatophytic fungi in 71.8% of the samples. Trichophyton rubrum was the predominant pathogen isolated. The study showed Itraconazole to be most effective antifungal drugs against dermatophytes followed by terbinafine and fluconazole.Further intensive epidemiological and invitro antifungal susceptibility studies of dermatophytes are required which will have more public health significance.
A single arm, exploratory and pilot study to evaluate the efficacy of a multi-component water-based herbal supplement in hair growth, density, follicle strength and hair fall in healthy male and female subjects
Authors: Janaki C.S , Sachdev Mukta , Ritambhara  
Published: September 2021

Most available therapeutics to address alopecia are based on singular targets and mechanism of action based on the assumption of sub-classification to reflect morphological or etiological sub-classes such as hereditary vs acquired factors, anti-inflammatory vs. non-inflammatory factors or scarring vs. non-scarring factors. Impact of oral consumption of Diabliss Hair Water, a multi-component herbal water supplement (HWS) on hair fall reduction, hair growth, hair density, hair thickness was investigated in a single arm, exploratory, pilot open label clinical study among healthy male and female subjects of age group between 35-50 years, with hair fall and hair thinning concerns. The study was conducted under dermatological control and included hair fall by comb test, hair pull test, hair thinning measurement using photo numerical scale (modified Norwood and Ludwig scale) and assessment for hair quality along with the phototrichogram assessment using Trichoscan® with Cutiscope. The Diabliss HWS was efficacious in improving hair growth rate and density as per TrichoScan® assessment, improvement in hair thickness as per Caslite-Nova software. The Diabliss HWS was also efficacious in improving the hair tensile strength (break force by Chatillon Force gauge), reducing hair fall and improving the hair quality. By the end of the study the Diabliss HWS was found to show an improvement in the entire study population in all of the assessments parameters. Dermatologist assessment parameters of hair texture and hair shine also showed improvements in the entire study population. The Diabliss HWS was found to be efficacious in providing hair fall control and hair growth benefits as per the dermatological and instrumental evaluations using TrichoScan®. The product was well tolerated with no product related AE or SAE with regular consumption for 06 months.
A clinicoepidemiological study of familial leprosy
Authors: Kumar N R Dilip , A R Shashikiran , B Horatti Laxmi 
Published: September 2021

: Hansen’s disease (also known as leprosy) is an infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae which can affect the skin, mucous membranes and nerves. It is known to spread among and infect family members. There are very few published studies pertaining to family leprosy conducted in India and worldwide. : To find the prevalence of familial leprosy and to know the clinicoepidemiological patterns of these cases.: Observational study.: This was a descriptive study conducted for a period of five years from 2013-2018. The study population included all new documented cases of leprosy visiting our out-patient department during the study period. All the patients were diagnosed as leprosy on histopathological confirmation or by the presence of cardinal signs of leprosy according to the world health organization (WHO) definition. The data collected was analysed by simple descriptive statistics. Permission to conduct the study was taken from institutional ethical committee. Consent was taken from index case and family members.: A total of 302 new leprosy cases with 18 index cases (n=18) whose family members were affected, accounting for the prevalence of 5.96 %. Total number of family members with documented leprosy (old or newly detected) was 26. So, the total number of leprosy cases were 44 (index cases + family members). Out of the 18 families, 4 families had more than one person who was affected. 8 cases (18.18%) of Childhood leprosy were noted. Among the index cases 4 cases (22%) of paucibacillary leprosy were seen and 14 cases (78%) of multibacillary leprosy was seen. Among the family members, 18 cases of paucibacillary leprosy were seen and 8 cases of multibacillary leprosy were seen. Conjugal leprosy was seen in 10 families accounting for the prevalence of 3.31%. : Our study intends to emphasize the importance of examining the close contacts of a case of leprosy, especially the family members in whom the incidence of leprosy could be very high. By way of identifying leprosy cases early in its course we may be able to prevent deformities to a great extent.
A study of risk score assessment in antenatal women and their neonatal outcome in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Kumar Amit , Sindhusha P. , Satyavathi P.J.N. , Pragnasai N. , Deepika P. , Annapoorna S. 
Published: September 2021

A high-risk pregnancy is any condition associated with a pregnancy where there is an actual or potential risk to the mother or fetus. Risk assessment is a key component of antenatal care (ANC) and has demonstrated benefits in improving maternal and perinatal outcomes. To assess maternal complications that occurs in antenatal women and their neonatal outcomes in a tertiary care hospital.200 antenatal women, admitted to obstetrics & gynaecology department from 16-09-2020 to 15-03-2021 were evaluated. Antenatal women with maternal complications (Gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, Gestational diabetes, Hypothyroid, Anaemia, Asthma and oligohydramnios) were taken into study group and women with no complications were taken into control group. The risk factors were assessed and risk scores were determined by Dutta and Das scoring system and Hobel risk scoring system. It was found that there was a significant association between poor neonatal outcome and high-risk pregnancies. The incidence of preterm births is higher in the study group (34.1%) when compared with the control group (13.7%). Mode of delivery was predominantly by caesarean section in the study group (p&#60;0.005). Neonatal complications were significantly more (p&#60;0.05) in study group and fetal distress was exclusively seen in the study group (p&#60;0.0005). Maternal complications such as eclampsia correlated significantly with the risk score (p=0.005). Neonatal outcomes such as Low birth weight (p&#60;0.0001) were higher in the high-risk category when compared to the low risk and moderate risk category. There was a significant correlation between high-risk antenatal and poor neonatal outcome. Scoring systems, such as the one used in our study, can be adopted at primary and rural health centres even by a non-medical counsellor as a screening tool to predict pregnancies at high risk for poor neonatal outcome, thereby facilitating early referral of these women to tertiary care centres.
Formulation and evaluation of herbal gel for management of mouth ulcers
Authors: Upadhye K. , Charde K , Dixit G , Bakhle S 
Published: September 2021

: or mouth ulcers is the most common condition that we encounter. Clinically the lesions are single or multiple superficial and deep sealed and are associated with microbial invasions.: This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of herbal drugs for treatment of In the research work, mouth ulcer gels were formulated incorporating the extracts of as and using 934 as the gelling agent. Seven batches were formulated by varying the concentration of the herbal ingredients (F1 to F7)The prepared formulations were evaluated for various parameters like physical appearance, pH, Homogeneity and antimicrobial activity against fungi and bacteria. The antimicrobial activity was also compared with a marketed gel formulation. All the prepared formulation using different concentration of plant extract showed the pH values in between 6.1±0.2 to 7.0±0.1. The values ranged between the 5.0 to 8.0 cm. Out of all the formulations, formulation F7 containing all the three herbal extracts showed a goodand very promising antimicrobial activity comparable with a marketed gel. Thus stable, effective gels containing herbal ingredients for management of mouth ulcers can be developed.
The socio-cognitive theory of personality and its clinical applications
Authors: Ozga Wioletta Karina 
Published: September 2021

Personality is a cognitive-affective processing system, which, according to the socio-cognitive theory, creates four dimensions. They are reflected in the skills, beliefs, standards and goals of the individual, which are consistent and consistent patterns of behaviour.
Self-efficacy judgments and self-patterns determine the choice of goals and persistence in achieving them. On the other hand, the emotions preceding and accompanying the achievement of goals affect coping with stress and problems.
The review of the clinical and therapeutic applications of this theory included stress inoculation training, REBT rational emotive therapy, Beck's cognitive depression therapy, schema therapy and modelling methods. The great advantage of this theory is the possibility of verifying its theoretical assumptions and confirming their huge amount of research.
Besides, it has a practical application as many types of cognitive-behavioural therapies have been developed on its basis.
Evaluation of Doctors’ Knowledge of Rational Laboratory Use, A Descriptive Study From Turkey
Authors: KILIÇ Evrim , KAYHAN TETİK Burcu , KURT Osman 
Published: September 2021

Objective: The effects of health expenditures on the economy of countries have become more evident in recent years. Especially unnecessary and inappropriate laboratory tests increase both the cost and the workload. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge of physicians about rational laboratory use and procedure for frequently ordered tests in clinical practice.
Methods: This study was planned to be a descriptive study. A questionnaire based on the current circular about 'Rational Laboratory Use' and including sociodemographic data was applied to physicians working at Turgut Ozal Medical Center.
Results: The questionnaire was applied to a total of 400 physicians working in internal medicine and surgical branches. The average age of the physicians was 33.01 ± 5.97 (min = 22, max = 59) years. The question about order period of blood lipids was answered correctly by 3.3% of physicians, HbA1c by 80.8%, Urea / creatinine by 64.5%, and vitamin D and vitamin B12 was answered by 40% of physicians. On the other hand 85.3% of the physicians were not aware of the rational laboratory test ordering procedure and 94% had not received any training on rational laboratory use.
Conclusions: It was found that physicians had insufficient knowledge about rational laboratory use and they did not receive any training about the test procedures. In order to reduce health expenditures, more training on this subject should be organized for physicians and awareness should be raised.
The prevalence of multimorbidity among adults aged 40 years and above in primary care setting: a cross-sectional study
Authors: AKTURAN Selçuk , KARAHAN Ömer , AKMAN Mehmet 
Published: September 2021

Objective: Coordination function of primary care (PC) enables continuous, efficient, and cost-effective health care provided to patients with chronic disease and multimorbidity (MM). The aim of this study was to identify the most common chronic diseases and to determine the prevalence of MM in PC registries.
Methods: Our study is a cross-sectional study. All the individuals aged 40 and over who were registered to the primary care units (PCUs) of the Uskudar district of Istanbul have formed the population of the study. A systematic cluster sampling was used. The patient list of each family physician in Uskudar district was accepted as a cluster and an equal number of patients from each cluster were enrolled. Only the information on the patients’ MM data was requested from the primary care physicians.
Results: The 108 physicians of the Uskudar district (response rate: 73.4%) gave consent to participate in the study. The 1187 (40.3%) of registered patients of all PCUs were 40 years old and over. The multimorbid patients were found as 330 (27.8%).
Conclusion: Approximately, one of four patients have multimorbidity. So, the policy of primary care services should be redesigned for the management of MM patients including the ‘goal-oriented care’ approach.
Identification of the Gram Positive Bacterial Sepsis Agent with Rapid Genotype Test
Authors: ERDOĞAN Ziya , ÖZTÜRK Cihadiye , CANGÜR Şengül , ÇALIŞKAN Emel , ÖKSÜZ Şükrü , KARAMURAT Zeynep 
Published: September 2021

Objective: An irreversible process begins when a systemic infection causes sepsis. Therefore, rapid identification of the agent bacteria in sepsis and its antibiotic resistance is crucially important. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the efficiency of rapid genotype test.
Methods: Blood culture bottles sent to the laboratory were examined with an automatic blood culture system (BACTEC, BD, USA). Growing bacteria was identificated by VİTEK (bioMérieux, France) automated bacteria identification / antibiotic susceptibility system. In addition, bacterial species and mecA, vanA, vanB, vanC1, vanC2 / C3 genes in blood cultures with Gram positive bacterial growth were also determined by the "Genotype® BC Gram-positive (Hain Lifesience, Germany)" test.
Results: 72 patients with gram-positive bacteria growth in two or more blood culture bottles were included in the study. In 44 of the samples (61%) the same bacterial species were detected with conventional method (bacteria culture) and BC Gram positive test. In 28 of the samples (39%) differences were detected between results of methods regarding bacterial species name or vancomycin/methicillin resistance rate. Although single agent was isolated with culture method in all of the samples, multiple agents were detected in eight samples with rapid genotype test. Also, it was found that in mecA positive samples, ciprofloxacin resistance was higher than mecA negative ones.
Conclusion: In the study, it was observed that BC Gram positive test could correctly identify sepsis agent bacteria and their resistance genes within 4-5 hours.