bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Development of Isolating Pods to Prevent the Spread of Coronavirus or Other Viruses for Hospital and Domestic Purposes
Authors: Bahadur Goonesh Kumar , Jodheea-Jutton Abha , Mowlabaccus Wafaa Binti , Callychurn Devkumar , Ramasamy Sabrina 
Published: October 2021

Objectives: This project investigated into the design and construction of an isolation pod to keep infected people in quarantine, thus avoiding the spread of viruses such as the COVID-19. This product was made to be used in hospitals and at homes. Background: Mauritius is among the few countries, which has not had any cases of COVID-19 since for since May 2020 for a period of 150 days. It has opened its borders since October 2020, and since Mauritius being a small country, the spread of any type of virus can be imminent if not controlled properly. In case there is another spread of the COVID-19 in Mauritius, then the isolation pod could be used to keep infected people in quarantine. The aims of the study were to develop a prototype of an isolation cubicle that is collapsible and can be easily erected at homes or in hospitals, whenever the need arises. Methods: A prototype of the pod was made with metal bars welded together and tarpaulin materials were sewn together. A HEPA Fan Extractor was fitted inside the pod to allow the air to circulate. Results: the tests carried out the pod could easily be assembled, transported and stored for further usage. From the volunteers’ feedback, it was found that the pod was comfortable, spacious, and practical. The air monitoring tests carried on the carbon dioxide, temperature, and relative humidity were within the acceptable ranges.
Patients’ and Nurses’ Experiences of All Single-Room Hospital Accommodation: A Scoping Review
Authors: Søndergaard Susanne Friis , Beedholm Kirsten , Kolbæk Raymond , Frederiksen Kirsten 
Published: October 2021

Aim and Objective: To identify, examine, and map literature on the experiences of single-room hospital accommodation, exploring what is known about how single-room accommodation in hospitals is viewed by patients and nurses. Background: Worldwide, hospital design is changing to mainly single-room accommodation. However, there is little literature exploring patients’ and nurses’ experiences of single-room designs. Design: Scoping review following the Joanna Briggs Institute guidance on scoping reviews. Methods: We conducted the search in medical databases for scientific and gray literature. The four authors independently used a data extraction tool to include sources from the searches. The sources were discussed during the process, and in case of a disagreement between two reviewers, the third and fourth reviewer would be invited to participate in the discussion until consensus was achieved. Results: We included 22 sources published during the period 2002–2020, with a majority ( n = 16) during the period 2013–2020. The sources were distributed on 10 different countries; however, England dominated with 14 publications. We found three main maps for reporting on patients’ experiences: (1) personal control, (2) dignity, and (3) by myself. For the nurses’ experiences, we found four main maps: (1) the working environment, (2) changes of nursing practice, (3) privacy and dignity, and (4) patient safety. Conclusion: We suggested that patients’ and nurses’ experiences are predominantly interdependent and that the implications of single-room accommodation is a large and complex issue which goes beyond hospital design.
Long-Term Outcomes of Nasoseptal Perforation Repair Using Anterior Maxillary Sinus Wall as an Interpositional Graft
Authors: Hwang Jae Woong , Han Mun Soo , Kang Sung Hoon , Kwak Ji Won , Kim Hyun Keun , Kim Tae Hoon , Lee Sang Hag 
Published: October 2021

Background Various graft materials have been used to repair nasoseptal perforation, but there is no standardized treatment method. The anterior maxillary sinus wall is flattened in appearance and can be easily obtained in a sufficient amount for a large-sized nasoseptal perforation. Objectives The aim of this study is to determine whether the anterior maxillary sinus wall is suitable as an interpositional graft in the surgical repair of septal or nasoseptal perforation. Methods This is a retrospective review of 21 patients who underwent repair of nasoseptal perforation using anterior maxillary sinus wall as an interpositional graft. The etiology, pre- and post-operative NOSE and GBI score, and perforation size were reviewed. The surgical outcome was considered successful if total closure was achieved after postoperative follow-up. Results 19 of the 21 perforations were successfully repaired with anterior maxillary sinus wall. Failure of the repair was found in 2 patients. Causal etiology of perforation was previous septoplasty in 10 patients, and electrocautery in 1 case, but not identified in 10 cases. The largest size was 2.7 × 2.2 cm. The most common symptoms were epistaxis, crusting, and nasal obstruction. Closure of septal perforation resulted in improved subjective symptoms and quality of life which were evaluated with NOSE and GBI score. Conclusion Anterior maxillary sinus wall as interpositional graft between mucoperichondrial flaps can be used to reliably repair nasoseptal perforations.
Plasma ST6GAL1 regulates IgG sialylation to control IgA nephropathy progression
Authors: Liu Youxia , Yu Huyan , Wu Sijing , Yang Xia , Cao Congcong , Wang Fanghao , Jia Junya , Yan Tiekun 
Published: October 2021

Background: Our previous study revealed that plasma levels of a-2,6-sialyltransferase 1 (ST6GAL1) were increased in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). ST6GAL1 catalyzes terminal sialylation of IgG to shift the antibody effector function to the anti-inflammatory pattern. However, the role of plasma ST6GAL1 in the progression of IgAN and underlying mechanisms are still unknown. Methods: A total of 180 IgAN patients were included. The kidney outcomes were defined as the eGFR decline or proteinuria remission. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were either stimulated with purified sialylated IgG (SA-IgG) or with non-sialylated IgG (NSA-IgG) from IgAN patients to detect the levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in supernatant. Results: Compared with the lower ST6GAL1 (reference), the risk of eGFR decline decreased for the higher ST6GAL1 group after adjustment for baseline eGFR, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and proteinuria. The results showed that patients with higher ST6GAL1 levels had a higher rate of proteinuria remission. ST6GAL1, expressed as a continuous variable, was a protective factor for eGFR decline and proteinuria remission. An in vitro study showed that the administration of recombinant ST6GAL1 (rST6GAL1) decreased the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in PBMCs. Furthermore, the administration of rST6GAL1 resulted in the enrichment of SA-IgG in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, as compared to control, purified SA-IgG-treated PBMCs showed a significant decrease in the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α. Conclusion: Our study indicated that elevated ST6GAL1 was associated with a slower progression of IgAN, which may play a protective effect by increasing IgG sialylation to inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines in PBMCs.
Return to Sport After ACL Reconstruction: Strength and Functionality Testing
Authors: Padanilam Simon J. , Dayton Steven R. , Jarema Ryan , Boctor Michael J. , Tjong Vehniah K. 
Published: October 2021

Background: Functionality testing following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction can benefit clinicians and patients in determining readiness for return to sport. While a component of a multifactorial decision, inability to perform well on these tests predicts increased risk of reinjury. As of 2013, only 41% of orthopaedic surgeons report using strength or functionality testing in evaluating patients for return to sport (RTS). Indications: In the intermediate to late stages of their rehabilitation program, patients may undergo these tests to determine readiness and safety to return to sport. Technique Description: The tests described in this video include the single and triple hop for distance, triple crossover hop, single and double vertical leg jump tasks, drop jump landing task, and isokinetic and isometric strength testing. Results: Clinicians who incorporate these tests into patient rehabilitation programs may reduce patient risk of ACL reinjury by 75% to 84%. The limb symmetry index (LSI) is a reliable calculated measure for these tests, with a strong reliability for the hop tests. The limb symmetry index can be calculated for each test and represents the ratio of measured performance of the involved, or post-ACL reconstruction, leg when compared against the uninvolved leg. The commonly used limb symmetry index threshold for passing each hop test is 90%. Patients who score 90% or greater on each of these tests are less likely to experience knee reinjury. Discussion/Conclusion: The ability of knee strength and functionality tests in determining RTS following ACL reconstruction has been highlighted as a tool in potentially reducing risk of knee reinjury. Other isometric and isokinetic testing can be used in addition to the described functionality tests but may not be possible in certain practices due to equipment and funding limitations. Usage of these strength and functionality tests, in conjunction with clinician evaluation, may lead to more optimal outcomes for patients and lower rates of reinjury. Psychological assessment may aid in evaluating patient readiness for return to sport. Importantly, further sport-specific testing is still recommended and will optimize patient outcomes.
Serum concentrations of oxytocin, DHEA and follistatin are associated with osteoporosis or sarcopenia in community-dwelling postmenopausal women
Authors: Du Yanping , Xu Cuidi , Shi Hongli , Jiang Xin , Tang Wenjing , Wu Xiaoqing , Chen Minmin , Li Huilin , Zhang Xuemei , Cheng Qun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are major health issues in postmenopausal women due to their high prevalence and association with several adverse outcomes. However, no biomarkers may be used for screening and diagnosis. The current study investigated potential biomarkers for osteoporosis and/or sarcopenia in postmenopausal women.

Methods
A cross-sectional study on 478 healthy community-dwelling postmenopausal women aged 50–90 years was performed. Osteoporosis and sarcopenia were defined according to the World Health Organization (WHO) and Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS).

Results
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was related to muscle strength (β = 0.19, p = 0.041) and function (β = 0.58, p = 0.004). Follistatin (β = − 0.27, p = 0.01) was related to muscle mass. Oxytocin (β = 0.59, p = 0.044) and DHEA (β = 0.51, p = 0.017) were related to bone mass. After adjusting for age, oxytocin (odds ratio (OR) 0.75; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.63–0.98; p = 0.019) was associated with osteoporosis, and DHEA (OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.51–0.96; p = 0.032) and follistatin (OR 1.66; 95% CI 1.19–3.57; p = 0.022) were associated with sarcopenia.

Conclusions
Postmenopausal women with sarcopenia were more likely to have lower DHEA levels and higher follistatin levels, and postmenopausal women with osteoporosis were more likely to have lower oxytocin levels.
Sarcopenia index based on serum creatinine and cystatin C predicts the risk of postoperative complications following hip fracture surgery in older adults
Authors: Chen Xiaoyan , Shen Yanjiao , Hou Lisha , Yang Binyu , Dong Birong , Hao Qiukui 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective
To assess the utility of the preoperative Sarcopenia index (SI) as a predictive marker of the risk of postoperative complications following hip fracture surgery in older adults.

Study design
This observational study enrolled older adults with hip fracture who were hospitalized in the Department of Orthopedics of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, from December 7, 2010 - June 14, 2017, and who underwent hip fracture surgery.

Primary outcome and measures
Clinical data were collected from medical records and serum creatinine and cystatin C were measured before surgery. Outcomes included postoperative complications such as pneumonia, urinary tract infection, respiratory failure, heart failure, and non-grade A healing. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to analyze association between SI and postoperative complications.

Results
A total of 897 patients aged 60 years and over were enrolled in this study (age range: 60 – 100 years), of whom 306(34.1%)were male, and 591(65.9%)were female. Postoperative complications included pneumonia (12%), urinary tract infections (1.8%), respiratory failure (1.5%), heart failure (1.6%), and non-A- grade healing (3.6%). In the patient group that received joint replacements, the incidence of pneumonia was negatively associated with SI values. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, binary logistic regression analyses showed that a higher SI was independently associated with a lower risk of pneumonia after joint replacement surgery (OR:0.39, 95% CI:0.18-0.89, P<0.05). However, we did not find statistically significant association between SI and the risk of postoperative complications other than pneumonia among patients with two types of hip fracture surgery.

Conclusion
The SI based on serum creatinine and cystatin C can predict pneumonia rather than other postoperative complications among older patients with hip fracture after joint replacement surgery.
The health perceptions, dengue knowledge and control willingness among Dai ethnic minority in Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Liu Hui , Fang Cheng-Jiang , Xu Jian-Wei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Outbreaks of dengue fever are often found among Dai ethnical communities along China-Myanmar border. The objective of this study was: 1) to investigate residents’ health perceptions, knowledge and control willingness to participate in dengue control and 2) to identify factors associated with control willingness among the Dai ethnic community.

Methods
This is a mixed method study of a cross-sectional design, in which qualitative in-depth interviews and quantitative household questionnaire surveys are included.

Results
Questionnaire was administered to 261 household heads, and in-depth interview was conducted with 18 key informants. Of them, many participants (70%, 182/259) and 12 key informants (66.7%) from the two rural communities believed that the Lord Buddha would protect the good people. Majority of the participants (81.4%, 206/253) knew that fever was one of dengue fever symptoms and most of them (82.2%, 213/259) indicated that mosquitoes could transmit dengue fever. However, only one third of the participants (30.1%, 78/259) indicated the perceived susceptibility of dengue fever, and only a half of them (50.2%, 130/259) indicated the perceived severity of dengue fever. Multivariate logistic analysis (MLA) indicated that the participants with family wealth index (FWI) 4–5 (OR: 22.9728; 95%CI: 2.4257–217.5688, p = 0.0063) were more likely to turn containers upside down (TCUD) compared to those with FWI 1–3; and the participants in the urban community (OR: 0.0239; 95%CI: 0.0019–0.3032, p = 0.004) were less likely to TCUD compared to those in the two rural communities. Around one third of the participants (36.8%, 96/239) reported that they were willing to seek treatment first for dengue fever from public health facilities. The MLA identified that the participants with the perceived severity of dengue fever (OR: 5.0564; 95%CI: 2.0672–12.3683, p = 0.0004), and with beliefs of sound hygiene helpful to people’s health (OR: 11.5671; 95%CI: 2.0505–65.2502, p = 0.0055) were more likely to seek treatment first for dengue fever from the public health facilities.

Conclusion
The study finds that most of Dai people have sound knowledge. However, health educational interventions should target to promote the perceived susceptibility and the perceived severity of dengue fever among Dai people.
Palliative care integration: a critical review of nurse migration effect in Jamaica
Authors: Edwards Rebecca L. , Patrician Patricia A. , Bakitas Marie , Markaki Adelais 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Provision of palliative care to individuals with late-stage serious illnesses is critical to reduce suffering. Palliative care is slowly gaining momentum in Jamaica but requires a highly skilled workforce, including nurses. Out-migration of nurses to wealthier countries negatively impacts the delivery of health care services and may impede palliative care capacity-building. This critical review aimed to explore the evidence pertaining to the nurse migration effect on the integration of palliative care services in Jamaica and to formulate hypotheses about potential mitigating strategies.

Methods
A comprehensive search in the PubMed, CINAHL, and ProQuest PAIS databases aimed to identify articles pertinent to nurse migration in the Caribbean context. Grant and Booth’s methodologic framework for critical reviews was used to evaluate the literature. This methodology uses a narrative, chronologic synthesis and was guided by the World Health Organization (WHO) Public Health Model and the Model of Sustainability in Global Nursing.

Results
Data from 14 articles were extracted and mapped. Poorer patient outcomes were in part attributed to the out-migration of the most skilled nurses. ‘Push-factors’ such as aggressive recruitment by wealthier countries, lack of continuing educational opportunities, disparate wages, and a lack of professional autonomy and respect were clear contributors. Gender inequalities negatively impacted females and children left behind. Poor working conditions were not necessarily a primary reason for nurse migration. Four main themes were identified across articles: (a) globalization creating opportunities for migration, (b) recruitment of skilled professionals from CARICOM by high income countries, (c) imbalance and inequities resulting from migration, and (d) mitigation strategies. Thirteen articles suggested education, partnerships, policy, and incentives as mitigation strategies. Those strategies directly align with the WHO Public Health Model drivers to palliative care integration.

Conclusion
Emerged evidence supports that nurse migration is an ongoing phenomenon that strains health systems in Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM) countries, with Jamaica being deeply impacted. This critical review demonstrates the importance of strategically addressing nurse migration as part of palliative care integration efforts in Jamaica. Future studies should include targeted migration mitigation interventions and should be guided by the three working hypotheses derived from this review.
An in vitro study of an Artocarpus heterophyllus substance as a hepatitis C antiviral and its combination with current anti-HCV drugs
Authors: Permanasari Adita Ayu , Aoki-Utsubo Chie , Wahyuni Tutik Sri , Tumewu Lidya , Adianti Myrna , Widyawaruyanti Aty , Hotta Hak , Hafid Achmad Fuad 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Current therapy of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) has dramatically improved the sustained virologic response (SVR) of affected patients; however, treatment with DAAs remains expensive, and drug-resistant HCV variants remain a threat. As a result, there is still a need to continue to develop affordable and effective drugs for the treatment of HCV. Previously, we have demonstrated that a crude extract from Artocarpus heterophyllus leaves is a potential anti-HCV candidate. In this study, we have further purified this crude extract, examined which sub-fraction possesses the highest antiviral activity, and then explored its efficacy at different HCV life cycle stages. We also assessed synergistic antiviral effects between the A. heterophyllus extract and commercially available anti-HCV drugs.

Methods
We used vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to fractionate a dichloromethane extract of A. heterophyllus leaves. We then examined the anti-HCV activity of the fractions using HCV genotype 2a, JFH1a; the antiviral mode of action was determined by exploring adding the treatments at different times. We examined the antiviral effects on the viral entry stage through a virucidal activity test, viral adsorption examination, and pretreatment of cells with the drug. The effects on the post-viral entry stage were determined by the levels of HCV protein expression and HCV RNA expression in infected cells.

Results
Through activity guided purification, we identified the sub-fraction FR3T3 as possessing the most robust anti-HCV activity with an IC50 value of 4.7 ± 1.0 μg/mL. Mode-of-action analysis revealed that FR3T3 inhibited post-viral entry stages such as HCV NS3 protein expression and HCV RNA replication with marginal effects on the viral entry stage. Thin-layer Chromatography (TLC) indicated that FR3T3 contained terpenoids and chlorophyll-related compounds. We also found a synergistic antiviral activity when the DCM extract of A. heterohyllus was used in combination therapy with commercial anti-HCV drugs; Ribavirin, Simeprevir, Cyclosporin A.

Conclusions
The extract of A. heterophyllus and its sub-fraction, FR3T3, presented here have anti-HCV activities and could be candidate drugs for add-on-therapy for treatment of chronic HCV infections.
Capacity development and safety measures for health care workers exposed to COVID-19 in Bangladesh
Authors: Nath Tapan Kumar , Paul Alak , Sikdar Dwaipayan , Mahanta Janardan , Paul Sujat , Amin Md Robed , Chowdhury Shahanara , Bhuiyan Md. Nur Hossain , Rob Md. Abdur , Rahim Abdur , Islam Md Khairul , Sharif Md Mohiuddin , Navaneetham Kannan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The safety of health care workers (HCWs) in Bangladesh and the factors associated with getting COVID-19 have been infrequently studied. The aim of this study was to address this gap by assessing the capacity development and safety measures of HCWs in Bangladesh who have been exposed to COVID-19 and by identifying the factors associated with respondents’ self-reported participation in capacity development trainings and their safety practices.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was based on an online survey of 811 HCWs working at 39 dedicated COVID-19 hospitals in Bangladesh. A pretested structured questionnaire consisting of questions related to respondents’ characteristics, capacity development trainings and safety measures was administered. Binary logistic regressions were run to assess the association between explanatory and dependent variables.

Results
Among the respondents, 58.1% had been engaged for at least 2 months in COVID-19 care, with 56.5% of them attending capacity development training on the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), 44.1% attending training on hand hygiene, and 35% attending training on respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette. Only 18.1% reported having read COVID-19-related guidelines. Approximately 50% of the respondents claimed that there was an inadequate supply of PPE for hospitals and HCWs. Almost 60% of the respondents feared a high possibility of becoming COVID-19-positive. Compared to physicians, support staff [odds ratio (OR) 4.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.25–8.51] and medical technologists (OR 8.77, 95% CI 3.14–24.47) were more exhausted from working in COVID-19 care. Respondents with longer duty rosters were more exhausted, and those who were still receiving infection prevention and control (IPC) trainings were less exhausted (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.34–0.86). Those who read COVID-19 guidelines perceived a lower risk of being infected by COVID-19 (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.29–0.67). Compared to the respondents who strongly agreed that hospitals had a sufficient supply of PPE, others who disagreed (OR 2.68, 95% CI 1.31–5.51) and strongly disagreed (OR 5.05, 95% CI 2.15–11.89) had a higher apprehension of infection by COVID-19.

Conclusion
The findings indicated a need for necessary support, including continuous training, a reasonable duty roster, timely diagnosis of patients, and an adequate supply of quality PPE.