bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional screening tool for critically ill children: a systematic review
Authors: Ventura Julia C , Silveira Taís T , Bechard Lori , McKeever Liam , Mehta Nilesh M , Moreno Yara M F 
Published: August 2021

AbstractContextNutritional screening tools (NSTs) are used to identify patients who are at risk of nutritional status (NS) deterioration and associated clinical outcomes. Several NSTs have been developed for hospitalized children; however, none of these were specifically developed for Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) patients.ObjectiveA systematic review of studies describing the development, application, and validation of NSTs in hospitalized children was conducted to critically appraise their role in PICU patients.Data SourcesPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, LILACS, and Google Scholar were searched from inception to December 11, 2020.Data ExtractionThe review included 103 studies that applied NSTs at hospital admission. The NST characteristics collected included the aims, clinical setting, variables, and outcomes. The suitability of the NSTs in PICU patients was assessed based on a list of variables deemed relevant for this population.Data AnalysisFrom 19 NSTs identified, 13 aimed to predict NS deterioration. Five NSTs were applied in PICU patients, but none was validated for this population. NSTs did not include clinical, NS, laboratory, or dietary variables that were deemed relevant for the PICU population.ConclusionNone of the available NSTs were found to be suitable for critically ill children, so a new NST should be developed for this population. AQ6Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO registration no. CRD42020167898.
Technology-based nutrition interventions using the Mediterranean diet: a systematic review
Authors: Benajiba Nada , Dodge Elizabeth , Khaled Meghit Boumédiène , Chavarria Enmanuel A , Sammartino Cara J , Aboul-Enein Basil H 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Context
Over the past 2 decades, overweight and obesity rates have increased exponentially, along with related comorbidities including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers. The Mediterranean Diet (MDiet) has been suggested as a potential way to mitigate the health burdens related to overweight and obesity.

Objective
For this review, the literature on MDiet-focused digital interventions was examined to determine efficacy, best practices, and potential limitations.

Data Sources
The search was conducted across 15 databases for relevant publications published through April 2020 in English, French, Spanish, Arabic, or Italian.

Data Extraction
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed using a combination of keywords and phrases and evaluated independently for relevance, merit, and inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Data Analysis
The systematic literature review resulted in 15 articles that met the search criteria. Ten interventions were delivered online, and 5 were delivered via smartphone using an app. The majority of online MDiet-focused interventions were effective, particularly when modeled after evidence-based and best-practice online nutrition education interventions. Such interventions also are effective for promoting positive health behaviors and health outcomes, such as increased physical activity, increased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and a lower total high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio.

Conclusion
Technology-based interventions to educate and promote adherence to the MDiet are successful in helping individuals achieve the stated outcomes. More research is needed to determine the efficacy of MDiet interventions delivered via smartphone apps.
Capitalism: obituary and resurrection
Authors: Monga Célestin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDespite its structural flaws and excesses, its regularly prophesized demise and foretold death, capitalism has remained predominant worldwide because under the appropriate institutional framework it offers the most viable path for optimal industrial upgrading, structural transformation, and economic development. In this article, I discuss a particular vulnerability of capitalism, that is, its high propensity to produce major risks, which exacerbates inequality and social tensions. I analyse the differential set of risk-coping options between poor households and non-poor. I then focus on African versions of capitalism, which reflect the peculiar historicity of the continent, marked by centuries of foreign domination, pervasive violence, randomness in economic policy-making, and power struggles not arbitrated by constitutional or legal means. I highlight the root causes of the distorted, extraverted, and largely ineffective forms of capitalism in vogue in Africa and suggest a policy framework for resurrecting capitalism.
Decomposing the sources of SARS-CoV-2 fitness variation in the United States
Authors: Kepler Lenora , Hamins-Puertolas Marco , Rasmussen David A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The fitness of a pathogen is a composite phenotype determined by many different factors influencing growth rates both within and between hosts. Determining what factors shape fitness at the host population-level is especially challenging because both intrinsic factors like pathogen genetics and extrinsic factors such as host behavior influence between-host transmission potential. This challenge has been highlighted by controversy surrounding the population-level fitness effects of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome and their relative importance when compared against non-genetic factors shaping transmission dynamics. Building upon phylodynamic birth–death models, we develop a new framework to learn how hundreds of genetic and non-genetic factors have shaped the fitness of SARS-CoV-2. We estimate the fitness effects of all amino acid variants and several structural variants that have circulated in the United States between February 2020 and March 2021 from viral phylogenies. We also estimate how much fitness variation among pathogen lineages is attributable to genetic versus non-genetic factors such as spatial heterogeneity in transmission rates. Before September 2020, most fitness variation between lineages can be explained by background spatial heterogeneity in transmission rates across geographic regions. Starting in late 2020, genetic variation in fitness increased dramatically with the emergence of several new lineages including B.1.1.7, B.1.427, B.1.429 and B.1.526. Our analysis also indicates that genetic variants in less well-explored genomic regions outside of Spike may be contributing significantly to overall fitness variation in the viral population.
Comparison of clinical pharmacogenetic recommendations across therapeutic areas
Authors: Shugg Tyler , Pasternak Amy L. , Luzum Jasmine A. 
Published: August 2021

Objectives
Evaluations from pharmacogenetics implementation programs at major US medical centers have reported variability in the clinical adoption of pharmacogenetics across therapeutic areas. A potential cause for this variability may involve therapeutic area-specific differences in published pharmacogenetics recommendations to clinicians. To date, however, the potential for differences in clinical pharmacogenetics recommendations by therapeutic areas from prominent US guidance sources has not been assessed. Accordingly, our objective was to comprehensively compare essential elements from clinical pharmacogenetics recommendations contained within Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium guidelines, US Food and Drug Administration drug labels and clinical practice guidelines from US professional medical organizations across therapeutic areas.

Methods
We analyzed clinical pharmacogenetics recommendation elements within Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium guidelines, US Food and Drug Administration drug labels and professional clinical practice guidelines through 05/24/19.

Results
We identified 606 unique clinical pharmacogenetics recommendations, with the most recommendations involving oncology (217 recommendations), hematology (79), psychiatry (65), cardiovascular (43) and anesthetic (37) medications. Within our analyses, we observed considerable variability across therapeutic areas within the following essential pharmacogenetics recommendation elements: the recommended clinical management strategy; the relevant genetic biomarkers; the organizations providing pharmacogenetics recommendations; whether routine genetic screening was recommended; and the time since recommendations were published.

Conclusions
On the basis of our results, we infer that observed differences in clinical pharmacogenetics recommendations across therapeutic areas may result from specific factors associated with individual disease states, the associated genetic biomarkers, and the characteristics of the organizations providing recommendations.
Elevated S100A9 in preeclampsia induces soluble endoglin and IL-1β secretion and hypertension via the NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Ozeki Ayae , Oogaki Yuka , Henmi Yuka , Karasawa Tadayoshi , Takahashi Masafumi , Takahashi Hironori , Ohkuchi Akihide , Shirasuna Koumei 
Published: August 2021

Objectives:
Maternal systemic and placental inflammatory responses participate in the pathogenesis of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy including preeclampsia, a pregnancy-specific syndrome, although the role of inflammation remains unclear. The NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in the control of sterile inflammation involved in preeclampsia. In the present study, we hypothesized that S100A9, as major alarmin, are associated with the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and induction of a preeclampsia-like phenotype in pregnant mice.

Methods:
Plasma were taken from normal pregnant women and preeclampsia patients. Human placental tissues, trophoblast cell line Sw.71 cells, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were treated with S100A9 with or without inhibitors associated with NLRP3 inflammasome. Pregnant mice were administered S100A9.

Results:
S100A9 was elevated in plasma and released from placentas of preeclampsia patients. S100A9 activated the NLRP3 inflammasome, resulting in IL-1β secretion, by human placental tissues and trophoblasts. In addition, secretion of soluble endoglin, a main contributor to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, is regulated via S100A9-stimulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the human placenta and HUVECs. S100A9 administration significantly elevated maternal blood pressure and neutrophil accumulation within the placentas of pregnant mice, and both were significantly decreased in Nlrp3-knock out pregnant mice.

Conclusion:
The results of this study demonstrated that S100A9 acts as a danger signal to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in the placenta, associating with hypertension during pregnancy.
Factors Associated With the Work Productivity of Japanese Working Pregnant Women
Authors: Wada Aya , Nakamura Yasuka , Tsuno Yoko Sumikawa , Nagasaka Keiko , Kawajiri Maiko , Takeishi Yoko , Yoshida Mikako , Yoshizawa Toyoko 
Published: August 2021

Objectives:
Working pregnant women experience physical and psychosocial changes, which are associated with two aspects of work productivity: presenteeism and absenteeism. We examined the factors that affect these two aspects.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in April to May 2019 through an online survey. Participants were 450 working women who were pregnant for the first time.

Results:
Occupational stress (job overload sβ: 0.14, suitable jobs sβ: 0.16); physical conditions, such as pregnancy complications (sβ: 0.32) and gestational period (sβ: 0.18); and adjustment status in the workplace due to pregnancy, such as pregnancy disclosure (sβ: 0.11) and pregnancy discrimination (sβ: 0.18), were related to presenteeism. Meanwhile, pregnancy complications were the only factor associated with absenteeism (sβ: 0.32; all P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
In addition to physical condition support, support for psychosocial conditions in the workplace is required.
Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery: learning from the past to make advances in the future
Authors: Jegatheeswaran Anusha , Brothers Julie A. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose of review
To review anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery (AAOCA) anatomy, prevalence, mechanism and risk of ischemia, presentation, evaluation, management, and future directions.

Recent findings
Although most anatomic variants of AAOCA are benign, a small number are associated with increased risk of sudden death. A complete evaluation, including the use of advanced noninvasive imaging and provocative testing should be performed on nearly every patient with AAOCA. On the basis of recent studies, the ischemic risk appears to be greatest with a left anomalous coronary artery but an anomalous right coronary artery is not benign. Other risk factors include: a left anomalous coronary with an intramural course, high take-off, or slit-like orifice, and a right anomalous coronary with a longer intramural course. Exercise restriction is rarely recommended. Management primarily consists of nonoperative care, or surgical repair in those who are symptomatic or who have high-risk variants. Surgery itself continues to evolve; however, it is not benign, with a higher than expected chance of morbidity.

Summary
Advances have been made over the past decade regarding management of patients with AAOCA; however, the mechanism of ischemia and ability to predict risk is still incompletely understood. Management decisions should be based on anatomy, results of investigations, and shared decision-making with patients and their families. Surgery may be recommended for those at higher risk and should be done at centers experienced in AAOCA surgery. Future research should be collaborative in order to share experiences and insights to help advance our understanding of risk and ultimately to improve patient management.
Effects of vitamin D-related gene polymorphisms on attempted suicide
Authors: Wei Yan-Xin , Liu Bao-Peng , Qiu Hui-Min , Zhang Ji-Yu , Wang Xin-Ting , Jia Cun-Xian 
Published: August 2021

Objective
Emerging evidence suggests that vitamin D might protect from attempted suicide. The study aimed to investigate the associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to vitamin D levels identified in a large genome-wide association study and attempted suicide in rural China.

Methods
This 1:1 matched case–control study included altogether 510 suicide attempters and 510 community controls. Genotypes of four target SNPs (DHCR7-rs12785878, CYP2R1-rs10741657, GC-rs2282679, and CYP24A1-rs6013897) were determined, and a genetic risk score (GRS) was constructed to evaluate the combined effect of them. Demographic and psychological information was acquired through face-to-face interviews.

Results
The A allele of CYP24A1-rs6013897 was significantly associated with attempted suicide (OR = 1.27, 95% CI, 1.03–1.58, P = 0.029), even after adjusting for demographic and psychological confounders (adjusted OR = 1.53, 95% CI, 1.01–2.30, P = 0.043). The GRS analyses revealed a significantly higher risk of attempted suicide with a greater number of low vitamin D alleles (adjusted OR = 1.33, 95% CI, 1.13–1.58, P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses stratified by sex indicated that the genetic associations were only significant among males with adjusted ORs of 3.77 (95% CI, 1.56–9.10) for the A allele of rs6013897 and 2.04 (95% CI, 1.32–3.17) for GRS.

Conclusions
Our findings identity CYP24A1-rs6013897 as a potential biomarker for attempted suicide and indicate that a genetic predisposition to lower vitamin D levels may contribute to attempted suicide. It suggests the possibility that vitamin D may have the preventive potential for attempted suicide.
Do Covid-19 patients needing ICU admission have worse 6 months follow up outcomes when compared with hospitalized non-ICU patients? A prospective cohort study
Authors: Yıldırım Süleyman , Susam Seher , Cimen Pınar , Yapicioglu Sena , Sunecli Onur , Ediboglu Özlem , Kirakli Cenk 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionStudies focus on pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and complications during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Long-term outcomes of COVID-19 patients who discharge intensive care unit (ICU) are unclear.ObjectivesWe investigated the effect of COVID-19 on lung structure, pulmonary functional, exercise capacity and quality of life in patients discharge from ICU and medical ward.MethodsA prospective single-centre study conducted in PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients who has been discharged from University of Health Sciences, Dr. Suat Seren Chest Disease and Thoracic Surgery Teaching and Research Hospital between 15 January and 5 March 2021. Patients who followed up for more than 48 hours in ICU and more than 72 hours in medical ward were included the study. Computed tomography scores, pulmonary functional tests (PFT), 6-min walking distance and health related quality of life by SF-36 were compared between ICU and medical ward patients at 6 months after discharge.ResultsSeventy patients were included final analyses and 31 of them discharged from ICU. ICU patients had higher CT scores than non-ICU patients at admission (17 vs 11) and follow up visit (6 vs 0). Two-three of ICU patients had at least one abnormal finding at control CT. Advanced age (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02-1.15) and higher CT score at admission (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.01-1.27) were risk factors for having radiological abnormalities at control CT.ConclusionA number of COVID-19 survivors especially with severe disease could not fully recover after 6 months of hospital discharge.
Drosophila Filamin exhibits a mechano-protective role during nephrocyte injury via induction of hypertrophic growth
Authors: Koehler Sybille , Denholm Barry 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPodocytes are highly specialized epithelial cells of the kidney glomerulus and are an essential part of the filtration barrier. Due to their position and function in the kidney, they are exposed to constant biomechanical forces such as shear stress and hydrostatic pressure. These forces increase during disease, resulting in podocyte injury and loss. The mechanism by which biomechanical forces are sensed and transduced to elicit an adaptive and protective response remains largely unknown. Here we show, using the Drosophila nephrocyte model, that the mechanosensor Cheerio (dFilamin) is central to this ‘mechano-protective’ mechanism. We found expression of an activated mechanosensitive variant of Cheerio induced hypertrophy and rescued filtration function in injured nephrocytes. Additional analysis with human Filamin B confirmed this mechano-protective role. We delineated the mechano-protective pathway downstream of Cheerio and found activation of TOR and Yorkie induce nephrocyte hypertrophy, whereas their repression reversed the Cheerio-mediated hypertrophy. Although Cheerio/Filamin B pathway mediates a mechano-protective role in the face of injury, we found excessive activity resulted in a pathological phenotype, indicating activity levels must be tightly controlled. Taken together, our data suggest that Cheerio acts via the TOR and YAP pathway to induce hypertrophic growth, as a mechano-protective response to nephrocyte injury.
Neurons undergo pathogenic metabolic reprograming in models of familial ALS
Authors: Riechers Sean-Patrick , Mojsilovic-Petrovic Jelena , Garjani Mehraveh , Medvedeva Valentina , Dalton Casey , Dienel Gerald , Kalb Robert G. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryNormal cellular function requires a rate of ATP production sufficient to meet demand. In most neurodegenerative diseases (including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, ALS), mitochondrial dysfunction is postulated raising the possibility of impaired ATP production and a need for compensatory maneuvers to sustain the ATP production/demand balance. We find in our rodent models of familial ALS (fALS), impairment in neuronal glycolytic flux with maintained or enhanced activity of the citric acid cycle. This rewiring of metabolism is associated with normal ATP levels and redox status, supporting the notion that mitochondrial function is not compromised in neurons expressing fALS genes. Genetic loss-of-function manipulation of individual steps in the glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway blunt the negative phenotypes seen in various fALS models. We propose that neurons adjust fuel utilization in the setting of neurodegenerative disease-associated mitochondrial dysfunction in a baleful manner and targeting this process can be healthful.
Organizational communication and social marketing strategies targeting Spanish consumers of fashion. Sustainability as a form of happiness management
Authors: Jiménez-Marín Gloria , Galiano-Coronil Araceli , Tobar-Pesántez Luis Bayardo 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to understand the perception and purchase intentions of Spanish consumers towards sustainable fashion and to see if this can guide the marketing strategy for sustainable fashion.

Design/methodology/approach
A mixed methodology has been designed to test the categories: knowledge, environmental concern, product-related features and social influence.

Findings
The results of this study suggest that some implications and advice on sustainability marketing strategy could help companies to develop sustainable fashion for Spanish consumers.

Originality/value
The originality of this study lies in the focus on sustainability to achieve happiness and satisfaction of people as a form of governance from a social point of view.
The interpersonal effects of emotion on rejection of severely unfair ultimatum proposal
Authors: Pietroni Davide , Hughes Verdi Sibylla , Giuliani Felice , Rosa Angelo , Missier Fabio Del , Palumbo Riccardo 
Published: August 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate how the emotion expressed by a fictitious proposer influences the responder’s decision to accept or reject a severely unfair deal, represented by the splitting of a predetermined sum of money between the two players during an ultimatum game (UG). Rejection leads both parts to dissipate that sum. Critically the authors consider the situation in which both players have the best alternative to negotiation agreement (BATNA), which simulates a backup plan to rely on in case of no agreement.Design/methodology/approachThe participants played a UG and, to foster the ecological validity of the paradigm, the parts could both rely on a more or less generous BATNA. The critical manipulation was the emotion expressed by the proposer while their BATNA was either hidden (Exp. 1) or communicated (Exp. 2).FindingsThe proposer’s emotions influenced participants’ own emotions, affected their social evaluations about the proposer, the desire for future interactions with the proposer and were used to infer the proposer’s BATNA when it was unknown. In this latter case, proposers’ emotions and in particular his/her happiness, decreased dramatically the participants’ tendency to reject even severely unfair offers.Originality/valuePast research on UG has been predominantly aimed to investigate the effect of responders’ emotions or the effects of responders’ emotions on the proposer, devoting little attention to how the critical responder’s acceptance/rejection decision might be affected by the proposer’s emotion. Especially in the ecological situation where the parts have a BATNA in case of non-agreement.