bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disruption of the relationship between renin and atrial natriuretic peptide early in the course of ventricular dysfunction
Authors: Dutka David P. , Puri Sundeep , Strong Rachel , Cleland John G.F. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBackground:Plasma renin activity is normal in left ventricular dysfunction in the absence of diuretic therapy. In health there is a reciprocal relationship between renin and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) but a positive correlation in advanced heart failure. The relationship between renin and ANP in mild left ventricular dysfunction is unknown.Methods and Results:Patients with left ventricular dysfunction (n = 35, 18 without diuretic therapy) were compared to 20 age‐matched healthy subjects. Plasma concentrations of active renin (PARC), ANP and norepinephrine were measured after 20 min rest and 45 min after an infusion of normal saline (10 ml/kg body wt.). Basal plasma ANP was increased in patients with left ventricular dysfunction compared to healthy subjects, whether or not they were receiving diuretics. PARC was similar in healthy controls and patients untreated with diuretics but was increased in diuretic treated patients. After saline loading in healthy subjects PARC fell while ANP rose. Patients with left ventricular dysfunction had a smaller decline in PARC, that did not achieve statistical significance, but had a greater increase in plasma ANP compared to healthy subjects (P < 0.05). The close reciprocal relationship between PARC and ANP observed in healthy subjects before and after saline loading (r = 0.8, P < 0.001 and r = 0.6, P < 0.01) was weakened in those not receiving diuretics (r = 0.4, P < 0.05 and r = 0.24, ns) and lost in those receiving diuretics (r = 0.1 and r = 0.08).Conclusions:Patients with left ventricular dysfunction have a disturbance of the normal reciprocal relationship between PARC and ANP which antedates diuretic treatment. This should be taken into account when interpreting plasma neuroendocrine measurements in patients with ventricular dysfunction.
The influence of white matter hyperintensity on cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Liu Hailing , Deng Bin , Xie Fen , Yang Xiaohua , Xie Zhenchao , Chen Yonghua , Yang Zhi , Huang Xiyan , Zhu Shuzhen , Wang Qing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aim of this meta‐analysis was to review systematically and to identify the relationship between the severity and location of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and the degree of cognitive decline in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Ovid, and Cochrane Library databases for clinical trials of the severity and location of WMHs on the degree of cognitive impairment in PD through October 2020. We conducted the survey to compare the association of WMH burden in patients with PD with mild cognitive impairment (PD‐MCI) versus those with normal cognition (PD‐NC) and in patients with PD with dementia (PDD) versus those with PD without dementia (PD‐ND). Nine studies with PD‐MCI versus PD‐NC and 10 studies with PDD versus PD‐ND comparisons were included. The WMH burden in PD‐MCI patients was significantly different compared to that in PD‐NC patients (standard mean difference, SMD = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.66, p = 0.005), while there was no correlation shown in the age‐matched subgroup of the comparison. In addition, PDD patients had a significantly higher burden of WMHs (SMD = 0.8, 95% CI: 0.44 to 1.71, p < 0.0001), especially deep white matter hyperintensities (SMD = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.36 to 0.73, p < 0.00001) and periventricular hyperintensities (SMD = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.36 to 1.04, p < 0.0001), than PD‐NC patients, regardless of the adjustment of age. WMHs might be imaging markers for cognitive impairment in PDD but not in PD‐MCI, regardless of age, vascular risk factors, or race. Further prospective studies are needed to validate the conclusions.
Engineered Polymeric Carbon Nitride Additive for Energy Storage Materials: A Review
Authors: Wang Zhonghao , Jin Bingjun , Peng Jun , Su Wan , Zhang Kan , Hu Xun , Wang Guannan , Park Jong Hyeok 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe ever‐increasing demands for high energy density electronics have motivated research on exploring new types of electrode materials featuring mechanical flexibility and electrical storage capability. Of these, polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) has been increasingly studied in regard to electrical energy storage (EES) because of its abundant pyridinic N content, which is beneficial for enhancing electrochemical performance. However, state‐of‐the‐art PCN‐based electrode materials for EES are still far from industrial requirements. Herein, the current status of PCN‐based materials in batteries and supercapacitors (SCs) is primarily discussed. A particular emphasis is placed on the PCN processing into composite electrode materials, including the defect engineering of pristine PCN and its coupling with other conductive materials to develop heterojunction nanostructures, which is essential for developing highly efficient electrode materials. Moreover, the direct pyrolysis of PCN into N‐doped graphene with a tunable N content is introduced and achieves remarkable energy storage performance with superior electronic conductivity. Furthermore, the energy storage mechanisms for batteries and SCs are also highlighted to reveal structure–performance relationship. Finally, this comprehensive review outlines the remaining challenges and strategies for future improvements in PCN‐based materials in this emerging field. This review will provide inspiration on developing future PCN‐based materials for EES.
Mechanically Robust and Flexible Films of Ionic Liquid‐Modulated Polymer Thermoelectric Composites
Authors: Li Zhipeng , Deng Liang , Lv Haicai , Liang Lirong , Deng Wenjiang , Zhang Yichuan , Chen Guangming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the recent decade, polymer thermoelectric (TE) composite has witnessed explosive achievements to address energy generation and utilization. Besides the significant progress in enhancement of TE performance, the high mechanical property has received increasing attention, being important for practical applications in complex environments. However, the mechanical performance has always been improved at the sacrifice of TE performance, and vice versa, which poses a great challenge. Here, ionic liquid (IL)‐assisted fabrication of flexible films of polymer TE composites with simultaneously high TE and mechanical performances based on poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are reported. The resultant composite shows a high TE performance with a power factor of 106.1 ± 8.2 µW m−1 K−2 at room temperature, and strong mechanical robustness with a tensile modulus of 4.2 ± 0.5 GPa and fracture strength of 136.5 ± 10.6 MPa. It is the most mechanically robust TE composite known with such a high power factor in the available literature. The present study provides a promising way to help address the longstanding and intractable issue of inferior mechanical performance of TE composites without compromising TE performance.
Enhancing the Stabilization Potential of Lyophilization for Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Trenkenschuh Eduard , Richter Maximilian , Heinrich Eilien , Koch Marcus , Fuhrmann Gregor , Friess Wolfgang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EV) are an emerging technology as immune therapeutics and drug delivery vehicles. However, EVs are usually stored at −80 °C which limits potential clinical applicability. Freeze‐drying of EVs striving for long‐term stable formulations is therefore studied. The most appropriate formulation parameters are identified in freeze‐thawing studies with two different EV types. After a freeze‐drying feasibility study, four lyophilized EV formulations are tested for storage stability for up to 6 months. Freeze‐thawing studies revealed improved colloidal EV stability in presence of sucrose or potassium phosphate buffer instead of sodium phosphate buffer or phosphate‐buffered saline. Less aggregation and/or vesicle fusion occurred at neutral pH compared to slightly acidic or alkaline pH. EVs colloidal stability can be most effectively preserved by addition of low amounts of poloxamer 188. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone failed to preserve EVs upon freeze‐drying. Particle size and concentration of EVs are retained over 6 months at 40 °C in lyophilizates containing 10 mm K‐ or Na‐phosphate buffer, 0.02% poloxamer 188, and 5% sucrose. The biological activity of associated beta‐glucuronidase is maintained for 1 month, but decreased after 6 months. Here optimized parameters for lyophilization of EVs that contribute to generate long‐term stable EV formulations are presented.
The Action‐Networks of Nanosilver: Bridging the Gap between Material and Biology
Authors: Cao Huiliang , Qin Hui , Li Yongsheng , Jandt Klaus D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe emergence of nanosilver (silver in nanoscale shapes and their assemblies) benefits the landscape of modern healthcare; however, this brings about concerns over its safety issues associated with an ultrasmall size and high mobility. By reviewing previous reporting details about the synthesis and characterization of nanosilver and its biological responses, a gap between materials synthesis and their biomedical uses is characterized by the insufficient understanding of the interacting and interplaying nanoscale actions of silver. To improve reporting quality and advance clinical translations, it is suggested that researchers have a comprehensive recognition of the “Indications for use” before designing innovative nanosilver‐based materials and an “Action‐network” concept addressing the acting range and strength of those nanoscale actions is implemented. Although this discussion is specific to nanosilver, the idea of “Indications for use” centered design and synthesis is generally applicable to other biomedical nanomaterials.
Current‐Driven Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Monitoring Cell Layer Integrity with Enhanced Sensitivity
Authors: Lieberth Katharina , Romele Paolo , Torricelli Fabrizio , Koutsouras Dimitrios A. , Brückner Maximilian , Mailänder Volker , Gkoupidenis Paschalis , Blom Paul W. M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this progress report an overview is given on the use of the organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) as a biosensor for impedance sensing of cell layers. The transient OECT current can be used to detect changes in the impedance of the cell layer, as shown by Jimison et al. To circumvent the application of a high gate bias and preventing electrolysis of the electrolyte, in case of small impedance variations, an alternative measuring technique based on an OECT in a current‐driven configuration is developed. The ion‐sensitivity is larger than 1200 mV V‐1dec‐1 at low operating voltage. It can be even further enhanced using an OECT based complementary amplifier, which consists of a p‐type and an n‐type OECT connected in series, as known from digital electronics. The monitoring of cell layer integrity and irreversible disruption of barrier function with the current‐driven OECT is demonstrated for an epithelial Caco‐2 cell layer, showing the enhanced ion‐sensitivity as compared to the standard OECT configuration. As a state‐of‐the‐art application of the current‐driven OECT, the in situ monitoring of reversible tight junction modulation under the effect of drug additives, like poly‐l‐lysine, is discussed. This shows its potential for in vitro and even in vivo toxicological and drug delivery studies.
Programmable Mechanically Active Hydrogel‐Based Materials
Authors: Dong Yixiao , Ramey‐Ward Allison N. , Salaita Khalid 
Published: July 2021

AbstractProgrammable mechanically active materials (MAMs) are defined as materials that can sense and transduce external stimuli into mechanical outputs or conversely that can detect mechanical stimuli and respond through an optical change or other change in the appearance of the material. Programmable MAMs are a subset of responsive materials and offer potential in next generation robotics and smart systems. This review specifically focuses on hydrogel‐based MAMs because of their mechanical compliance, programmability, biocompatibility, and cost‐efficiency. First, the composition of hydrogel MAMs along with the top‐down and bottom‐up approaches used for programming these materials are discussed. Next, the fundamental principles for engineering responsivity in MAMS, which includes optical, thermal, magnetic, electrical, chemical, and mechanical stimuli, are considered. Some advantages and disadvantages of different responsivities are compared. Then, to conclude, the emerging applications of hydrogel‐based MAMs from recently published literature, as well as the future outlook of MAM studies, are summarized.
Comment on “Eppur si Muove: Proton Diffusion in Halide Perovskite Single Crystals”: Eppur Non si Muove: A Critical Evaluation of Proton Diffusion in Halide Perovskite Single Crystals
Authors: Buffeteau Thierry , Hirsch Lionel , Bassani Dario M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA recent report by Cahen and co‐workers is examined that finds the diffusion constant for proton migration in methylammonium lead triiodide single crystals to be 2 × 105‐fold greater than that previously reported by Sadhu et al. By comparing the conversion of single crystals versus microcrystalline samples, it is concluded that proton diffusion in macroscopic single crystals is accelerated by the presence of defects acting as high‐diffusivity paths.
New Structure Mass Tag based on Zr‐NMOF for Multiparameter and Sensitive Single‐Cell Interrogating in Mass Cytometry
Authors: Dang Jingqi , Li Hongxia , Zhang Lulu , Li Sijie , Zhang Ting , Huang Shiyi , Li Yiyang , Huang Chengjie , Ke Yuqing , Shen Guangxia , Zhi Xiao , Ding Xianting 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMass cytometry, also called cytometry by time‐of‐flight (CyTOF), is an emerging powerful proteomic analysis technique that utilizes metal chelated polymer (MCP) as mass tags for interrogating high‐dimensional biomarkers simultaneously on millions of individual cells. However, under the typical polymer‐based mass tag system, the sensitivity and multiplexing detection ability has been highly restricted. Herein, a new structure mass tag based on a nanometal organic framework (NMOF) is reported for multiparameter and sensitive single‐cell biomarker interrogating in CyTOF. A uniform‐sized Zr‐NMOF (33 nm) carrying 105 metal ions is synthesized under modulator/reaction time coregulation, which is monodispersed and colloidally stable in water for over one‐year storage. On functionalization with an antibody, the Zr mass tag exhibits specific molecular recognition properties and minimal cross‐reaction toward nontargeted cells. In addition, the Zr‐mass tag is compatible with MCP mass tags in a multiparameter assay for mouse spleen cells staining, which exploits four additional channels, m/z = 90, 91, 92, 94, for single‐cell immunoassays in CyTOF. Compared to the MCP mass tag, the Zr‐mass tag provides an additional fivefold signal amplification. This work provides the fundamental technical capability for exploiting NMOF‐based mass tags for CyTOF application, which opens up possibility of high‐dimensional single‐cell immune profiling, low abundant antigen detection, and development of new barcoding systems.
Controlling Surface Wettability for Automated In Situ Array Synthesis and Direct Bioscreening
Authors: Lin Weilin , Gandhi Shanil , Oviedo Lara Alan Rodrigo , Thomas Alvin K. , Helbig Ralf , Zhang Yixin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe in situ synthesis of biomolecules on glass surfaces for direct bioscreening can be a powerful tool in the fields of pharmaceutical sciences, biomaterials, and chemical biology. However, it is still challenging to 1) achieve this conventional multistep combinatorial synthesis on glass surfaces with small feature sizes and high yields and 2) develop a surface which is compatible with solid‐phase syntheses, as well as the subsequent bioscreening. This work reports an amphiphilic coating of a glass surface on which small droplets of polar aprotic organic solvents can be deposited with an enhanced contact angle and inhibited motion to permit fully automated multiple rounds of the combinatorial synthesis of small‐molecule compounds and peptides. This amphiphilic coating can be switched into a hydrophilic network for protein‐ and cell‐based screening. Employing this in situ synthesis method, chemical space can be probed via array technology with unprecedented speed for various applications, such as lead discovery/optimization in medicinal chemistry and biomaterial development.
The Wet‐Oxidation of a Cu(111) Foil Coated by Single Crystal Graphene
Authors: Luo Da , Wang Xiao , Li Bao‐Wen , Zhu Chongyang , Huang Ming , Qiu Lu , Wang Meihui , Jin Sunghwan , Kim Minhyeok , Ding Feng , Ruoff Rodney S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe wet‐oxidation of a single crystal Cu(111) foil is studied by growing single crystal graphene islands on it followed by soaking it in water. 18O‐labeled water is also used; the oxygen atoms in the formed copper oxides in both the bare and graphene‐coated Cu regions come from water. The oxidation of the graphene‐coated Cu regions is enabled by water diffusing from the edges of graphene along the bunched Cu steps, and along some graphene ripples where such are present. This interfacial diffusion of water can occur because of the separation between the graphene and the “step corner” of bunched Cu steps. Density functional theory simulations suggest that adsorption of water in this gap is thermodynamically stable; the “step‐induced‐diffusion model” also applies to graphene‐coated Cu surfaces of various other crystal orientations. Since bunched Cu steps and graphene ripples are diffusion pathways for water, ripple‐free graphene is prepared on ultrasmooth Cu(111) surfaces and it is found that the graphene completely shields the underlying Cu from wet‐oxidation. This study greatly deepens the understanding of how a graphene‐coated copper surface is oxidized, and shows that graphene completely prevents the oxidation when that surface is ultrasmooth and when the graphene has no ripples or wrinkles.
Au‐Doped Ag2Te Quantum Dots with Bright NIR‐IIb Fluorescence for In Situ Monitoring of Angiogenesis and Arteriogenesis in a Hindlimb Ischemic Model
Authors: Yang Hongchao , Huang Haoying , Ma Xiang , Zhang Yejun , Yang Xiaohu , Yu Mengxuan , Sun Ziqiang , Li Chunyan , Wu Feng , Wang Qiangbin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFluorescence located in 1500–1700 nm (denoted as the near‐infrared IIb window, NIR‐IIb) has drawn great interest for bioimaging, owing to its ultrahigh tissue penetration depth and spatiotemporal resolution. Therefore, NIR‐IIb fluorescent probes with high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and stability along with high biocompatibility are urgently pursued. Herein, a novel NIR‐IIb fluorescent probe of Au‐doped Ag2Te (Au:Ag2Te) quantum dots (QDs) is developed via a facile cation exchange method. The Au dopant concentration in the Ag2Te QDs is tunable from 0% to 10% by controlling the ratio of supplied Au precursor to Ag2Te QDs, resulting in a wide range of PL emission in the NIR‐IIb window and a much‐enhanced PL intensity. After surface modification, the Au:Ag2Te QDs possess bright NIR‐IIb emission, high colloidal stability and photostability, and decent biocompatibility. Further, in vivo monitoring of the process of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis in an ischemic hindlimb is successfully performed.
Dynamic Structural Color Display Based on Femtosecond Laser Variable Polarization Processing
Authors: Wu Peichao , Cao Xiaowen , Zhao Ling , Chen Zhihao , Zhang Mina , Juodkazis Saulius , Zhang Wenwu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVivid structural colors, inspired by butterflies, which can display iridescent colors dynamically when white light illuminates the surface with subwavelength period ripples, have attracted significant interest for its potential application in the fields of information storage, anti‐counterfeiting, etc. However, there is still a huge demand for the development of multipattern dynamically transformable display surfaces using a versatile method. A new scheme based on femtosecond laser combined with variable polarization processing has been proposed. This scheme enables a surface with a structural color function that can be easily prepared by adjusting the polarization of the laser via a half‐wave plate. Four types of structural units with designated periodic orientations are written on the same sample to exhibit four different colorful images. Through experiment and analysis, it is demonstrated that different colors can be displayed by changing the observation angle, and a multi‐pattern display can be realized by rotating the sample. The lithography‐free inscribed patterns show a strong azimuthal angular sensitivity to color and its brightness. This work demonstrates that femtosecond laser surface structuring provides a versatile platform to create various micro/nanostructures on a solid surface, and this technique can be used for the biomimetic lithography‐free processing of any material using ablation.
Fabrication of Non‐Uniform Nanolattices with Spatially Varying Geometry and Material Composition
Authors: Chen I‐Te , Dai Zijian , Lee Dennis T. , Chen Yi‐An , Parsons Gregory N. , Chang Chih‐Hao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe fabrication of periodic 3D nanostructures with uniform material properties has been widely investigated and is important for applications in photonics, mechanics, and energy storage. However, creating nanostructures with spatially varying lattice geometry and material composition is still largely an unexplored challenge in nanofabrication. This work presents the fabrication of non‐uniform nanolattices by patterning multiple layers of 3D nanostructures using phase shift lithography and atomic layer deposition. By controlling the processing parameters, the lattice geometry and material composition of each individual nanolattice layer can be tailored to create arbitrary material property profiles. Using the proposed method, a five‐layer nanolattice with spatially varying porosity and oxide materials has been demonstrated. This process can be used to create gradient‐index antireflection nanostructures, and a fabricated four‐layer nanolattice structure consisting of TiO2 and Al2O3 with gradually varying porosity reduces more than 90% of the specular reflectance from a silicon substrate. By enabling nanolattices with arbitrary profiles in physical properties, the demonstrated technique can find broad applications in nanophotonics, graded filters, energy storage systems, and nanoarchitected films.
Multifunctional Optical Polymeric Films with Photochromic, Fluorescent, and Ultra‐Long Room Temperature Phosphorescent Properties
Authors: Wu Bo , Xu Xingtang , Tang Yiyuan , Han Xiaolin , Wang Guojie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPhotochromism, fluorescence, and ultra‐long room temperature phosphorescence (URTP) are attractive phenomena in photonics. However, achieving multiple optical properties such as photochromism, fluorescence, and URTP on one material still remains a challenge. Here, the authors report a multifunctional optical polymeric film with photochromic, fluorescent, and URTP properties, fabricated by simply doping the naphthopyran molecule into epoxy polymer with 3D network. When the polymer network is loose, the naphthopyran‐doped film exhibits photochromic property but no fluorescence and phosphorescence. When the polymer network becomes dense, the film shows fluorescent and URTP behaviors but no photochromic property. It is noted that the room temperature phosphorescence lifetime is as high as 604 ms. Based on the excellent optical properties of reversible photochromism, fluorescence, and URTP, an advanced sixfold encryption application has been successfully established. This work not only opens up a new direction in design and fabrication of multifunctional optical materials but also offers principles for developing organic optical materials toward multilevel information encryption and data storage.