bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of heuristics during the clinical decision process from family care physicians in real conditions
Authors: Fernández‐Aguilar Carmen , Martín‐Martín José Jesús , Minué Lorenzo Sergio , Fernández Ajuria Alberto 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRationale aims and objectivesThe available evidence on the use of heuristics and their relationship with diagnostic error in primary care is very limited. The aim of the study is to identify the use of unknown thought and specifically the possible use of Representativeness, Availability and overconfidence heuristics in the clinical practice of primary care physicians in cases of dyspnoea and to analyse their possible relationship with diagnostic error.MethodsA total of 371 patients consulting with new episodes of dyspnoea in Primary Care centres in Spain were registered. Based on specific operational definitions, the use of unconscious thinking and the use of heuristics during the diagnostic process were assessed. Subsequently, the association between their use and diagnostic error was analysed.ResultsIn 49.6% of cases, the confirmatory diagnosis coincided with the first diagnostic impression, suggesting the use of the representativeness heuristic in the diagnostic decision process. In 82.3% of the cases, the confirmatory diagnosis was among the three diagnostic hypotheses that were first identified by the general physicians, suggesting a possible use of the availability heuristic. In more than 50% of the cases, the physicians were overconfident in the certainty of their own diagnosis. Finally, a diagnostic error was identified in 9.9% of the recorded cases and no statistically significant correlation was found between the use of some unconscious thinking tools (such as the use of heuristics) and the diagnostic error.ConclusionUnconscious thinking manifested through the acceptance of the first diagnostic impression and the use of heuristics is commonly used by primary care physicians in the clinical decision process in the face of new episodes of dyspnoea; however, its influence on diagnostic error is not significant. The proposed explicit and reproducible methodology may inspire further studies to confirm these results.
Application of artificial neural network‐genetic algorithm and response surface methodology for optimization of ultrasound‐assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from cashew apple bagasse
Authors: Patra Abhipriya , Abdullah S , Pradhan Rama Chandra 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study explores the effect of ultra‐sonication on the extraction of phenolic compounds of cashew apple bagasse (CAB). The extraction was conducted at different combinations of treatment time (5–15 min), ultrasound amplitude (30–60%), and bagasse to solvent ratio (30–50 g/ml) for maximum yield of total phenolic content (TPC), total tannin content (TTC), and β‐carotene content. Both response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) were used to model and optimize the process parameters. The optimum conditions achieved using RSM were: treatment time of 12 min, ultrasound amplitude of 55%, and bagasse to solvent ratio of 45 g/ml. In contrast, the optimum conditions proposed by ANN were: treatment time of 15 min, 60% amplitude, and 50 g/ml bagasse to solvent ratio. The TPC, TTC, and β‐carotene content was determined under RSM optimized conditions as 29.04 mg GAE/g, 26.70 μg tannic acid/g, and 18.12 μg/g, respectively and under ANN optimized conditions as 30.61 mg GAE/g, 30.80 μg tannic acid/g, and 19.50 μg/g, respectively. All the statistical parameters showed the lowest value in the ANN model than the RSM model with the highest coefficient of determination (R2). The measured value of the TPC, TTC, and β‐carotene content at optimized conditions were in agreement with the predicted value obtained from the above models. Besides these, the ultra‐sonication significantly increased the TPC, TTC, and β‐carotene content while comparing with conventional solvent extraction. Hence, this method could be an effective green method over conventional technologies to extract phenolic compounds from CAB.Practical ApplicationsThe by‐products of the cashew apple processing industries are generally discarded as waste even though it contains a significant amount of bioactive compounds including phenols. Due to this, the industries are facing issues related to waste disposal and environmental pollution. Extracting and utilizing beneficial phenolic compounds can solve these issues to an extend. However, the scientific research related to the process development for extracting phenolic compounds from cashew apple bagasse is very scarce. The developed green technology with optimum process conditions will be helpful for the industries, researchers, and food scientists to develop different value‐added products enriched with the extracted phenolic compounds.
Factors associated with the experience of patients presenting in pain to the emergency department
Authors: Hughes James A. , Alexander Kimberley E. , Spencer Lyndall , Yates Patsy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThis study aims to examine the association between person, environment, health and illness factors, pain care and the patient experience in the emergency department, guided by symptom management theory.BackgroundCurrent outcome measures of pain care in the emergency department focus on process measures such as the time taken to deliver analgesic medication. Patient‐reported outcomes of pain care are rare in emergency department literature and predominantly focus on patient satisfaction. Measuring overall patient experience is common, with extensive surveys undertaken in the United Kingdom, United States of America and Australia; however, these are not used as an outcome of pain care.DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsOne hundred and ninety patients arriving at a large, inner‐city adults‐only emergency department in moderate to severe pain were recruited to answer a modified version of the emergency department patient experience of care survey.ResultsFifteen factors were identified as influencing the patient experience of care when presenting in pain. These influences of patient experience included the emergency department environment, time to first analgesic medication and the provision of analgesic medication.ConclusionsIn addition to pain care factors, there is a significant association between the emergency department environment—especially workload, throughput and patient placement—and the experience of patients who present in pain to the emergency department.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis study demonstrated an association between time to first analgesic medication and the patient experience of care. Providing timely care, including pain care, in emergency departments is difficult, but necessary to improve the patient experience of care.
Ineffectiveness of antenatal guidance intervention for vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in pregnant women in Kyoto, Japan
Authors: Yamade Ichiro , Inoue Takuya , Hamada Hironori , Sudou Shinsuke , Otsubo Masahiro , Sawada Morio , Nakayama Takahiro , Hatayama Hiroshi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the vitamin D status among healthy pregnant women in Japan, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the antenatal health guidance intervention for the pregnant women who were informed about their low vitamin D levels.MethodsWe measured the level of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) using chemiluminescent immunoassay among the singleton pregnant women who received at antenatal routine check‐up (8–24 weeks of gestation) with written consent during September 2017–September 2018. The measurement values were informed by the concerned physician and health guidance intervention was given to the pregnant women with inadequate Vitamin D status (25[OH]D < 30 ng/mL). At around 36 weeks of gestation, the measurement of 25(OH)D and a questionnaire regarding behavioral changes after the guidance was conducted.ResultsThe average value of 25(OH)D of 1192 pregnant women before the guidance was 14.89 ± 4.85 ng/mL, and the prevalence of sufficient vitamin D status (25(OH)D ≥ 30 ng/mL) was 0.67% (8/1192). Nine hundred eighty‐two pregnant women who had inadequate vitamin D status were followed, thereafter‐guidance prevalence of sufficiency was 1.02% (10/982); insufficiency, 14.66% (144/982); and deficiency, 84.32% (828/982), respectively. Although the prevalence of deficiency was decreased after guidance intervention significantly, the prevalence was still high and the effect on behavioral changes was a little.ConclusionThe prevalence of vitamin D sufficient status among pregnant women in Japan was extremely low, which is a serious condition. It was also revealed the effectiveness of the antenatal health guidance intervention for pregnant women was not enough.
Sexual dysfunction in Thai gynecologic malignancies survivors: A single‐institutional cross‐sectional observational survey
Authors: Dandamrongrak Poonsuk , Chaiwong Sirintip , Ekalaktam Pakwaran , Achariyapota Vuthinun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in gynecologic cancer survivors.MethodsA cross‐sectional observation survey recruited women aged 18–65 years old who were diagnosed with gynecologic cancers and underwent surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or combined modalities. Data were collected from September 2019 to March 2020 by the Thai version of the female sexual function index questionnaire to define FSD. The survey contained six domains: desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain.ResultsOf the 98 women included in the study, the mean age was 48.7 ± 10.6 years old. Two‐third (67.3%) of the participants was premenopausal, had been diagnosed with ovarian cancer, and had early‐stage gynecologic cancers. Fifty‐eight of 98 (59.2%) participants were sexually active in the past 4 weeks before the survey. Among those, 89.6% had FSD. The median scores in the FSD group were significantly lower than those in the non‐FSD group in all six domains, namely, desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference observed between participants with and without FSD in terms of age group, cancer‐related data, or sexual behavior data, except participants who had good/excellent relationships with their partners, which impacted FSD (p = 0.01).ConclusionsThis study discovered the high prevalence (89.6%) of hidden issue of “female sexual dysfunction” in Thai gynecologic cancer survivors. The good/excellent relationships with their partners affected the FSD who were sexually active in the past 4 weeks before the survey.
A modified version of the sensory Pivot technique as a possible tool for the analysis of food adulteration: A case of coffee
Authors: Ameca‐Veneroso Carolina , Sánchez‐Arellano Lucia , Ramón‐Canul Lorena Guadalupe , Herrera‐Corredor José Andrés , Cuervo‐Osorio Víctor Daniel , Quetz‐Aguirre Elvira María , Rodríguez‐Miranda Jesús , Cabal‐Prieto Adán , Ramírez‐Rivera Emmanuel de Jesús 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to validate the Pivot sensory technique for sensory analysis of adulterated coffees. The Pivot technique was modified (instructions and determination of the values of the unadulterated sample considered Pivot). A total of 130 consumers evaluated five pairs of samples (Pivot vs. five coffee samples adulterated with black bean coffee). A sensory vocabulary was generated for the construction of confidence ellipses and the calculation of sample classification percentage between the Pivot sample and the adulterated samples. A total of 52 sensory attributes were generated (28 aromas, 5 basic tastes, and 19 flavors). As adulteration increased, a decrease in the number of aromas, high discrimination, and a classification percentage of 68% between the Pivot sample and the adulterated samples. The Pivot technique can be a tool to study the effect of adulteration in coffees.Practical ApplicationsThe use of the modified Pivot technique in combination with the determination of the values of the Pivot (unadulterated sample) sample can be very useful for the identification of the sensory effect caused by the adulteration of different foods, including those that are protected by some quality seal for quality or for quality control. The scope of this research may be of interest to the industry, producers, and academia.
Epidemiology of periodontal disease in dogs in theUKprimary‐care veterinary setting
Authors: O'Neill D. G. , Mitchell C. E. , Humphrey J. , Church D. B. , Brodbelt D. C. , Pegram C. 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesPeriodontal disease is a frequent diagnosis of dogs and can have severe negative impacts on welfare. It was hypothesised that breeds with skull shapes that differ most in conformation from the moderate mesocephalic skull shape have higher odds of periodontal disease.Materials and MethodsThe cohort study included a random sample of dogs under primary veterinary care in 2016 from the VetCompass Programme database. Risk factor analysis used random effects multivariable logistic regression modelling.ResultsThe study included a random sample of 22,333 dogs. The 1‐year period prevalence for diagnosis with periodontal disease was 12.52% (95% CI: 12.09 to 12.97). Eighteen breeds showed increased odds compared with crossbred dogs. Breeds with the highest odds included Toy Poodle (odds ratio 3.97, 95% confidence intervals 2.21 to 7.13), King Charles Spaniel (odds ratio 2.63, 95% confidence interval 1.50 to 4.61), Greyhound (odds ratio 2.58, 95% confidence interval 1.75 to 3.80) and Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (odds ratio 2.39, 95% confidence interval 1.85 to 3.09). Four breeds showed reduced odds compared with crossbreds. Brachycephalic breeds had 1.25 times the odds (95% confidence interval 1.11 to 1.42) of periodontal disease compared with mesocephalic breeds. Spaniel types had 1.63 times the odds (95% confidence interval 1.42 to 1.87) compared with non‐spaniel types. Increasing adult bodyweight was associated with progressively decreasing odds of periodontal disease.Clinical SignificanceThe high prevalence identified in this study highlights periodontal disease as a priority welfare concern for predisposed breeds. Veterinarians can use this information to promote improved dental care in predisposed dogs, especially as these dogs age.
Two dogmas of aesthetic empiricism
Authors: Lopes Dominic McIver 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAesthetic hedonism is the default theory of aesthetic value. Some of its critics share with it a pair of unquestioned assumptions, namely, that any theory of aesthetic value should make special appeal to its being the case that the canonical form of aesthetic evaluation is a state of pleasure and to its being the case that the canonical purpose of aesthetic acts is to access pleasure. This paper argues that there is reason to doubt both assumptions. Doubting both assumptions suggests a wider range of alternatives to aesthetic hedonism and primitivist inversions of aesthetic hedonism.
High Plains wheat mosaic virus: An enigmatic disease of wheat and corn causing the High Plains disease
Authors: Tatineni Satyanarayana , Hein Gary L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBrief historyIn 1993, severe mosaic and necrosis symptoms were observed on corn (maize) and wheat from several Great Plains states of the USA. Based on the geographical location of infections, the disease was named High Plains disease and the causal agent was tentatively named High Plains virus. Subsequently, researchers renamed this virus as maize red stripe virus and wheat mosaic virus to represent the host and symptom phenotype of the virus. After sequencing the genome of the pathogen, the causal agent of High Plains disease was officially named as High Plains wheat mosaic virus. Hence, High Plains virus, maize red stripe virus, wheat mosaic virus, and High Plains wheat mosaic virus (HPWMoV) are synonyms for the causal agent of High Plains disease.TaxonomyHigh Plains wheat mosaic virus is one of the 21 definitive species in the genus Emaravirus in the family Fimoviridae.VirionThe genomic RNAs are encapsidated in thread‐like nucleocapsids in double‐membrane 80–200 nm spherical or ovoid virions.Genome characterizationThe HPWMoV genome consists of eight single‐stranded negative‐sense RNA segments encoding a single open reading frame (ORF) in each genomic RNA segment. RNA 1 is 6,981‐nucleotide (nt) long, coding for a 2,272 amino acid protein of RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase. RNA 2 is 2,211‐nt long and codes for a 667 amino acid glycoprotein precursor. RNA 3 has two variants of 1,439‐ and 1,441‐nt length that code for 286 and 289 amino acid nucleocapsid proteins, respectively. RNA 4 is 1,682‐nt long, coding for a 364 amino acid protein. RNA 5 and RNA 6 are 1,715‐ and 1,752‐nt long, respectively, and code for 478 and 492 amino acid proteins, respectively. RNA 7 and RNA 8 are 1,434‐ and 1,339‐nt long, code for 305 and 176 amino acid proteins, respectively.Biological propertiesHPWMoV can infect wheat, corn (maize), barley, rye brome, oat, rye, green foxtail, yellow foxtail, and foxtail barley. HPWMoV is transmitted by the wheat curl mite and through corn seed.Disease managementGenetic resistance against HPWMoV in wheat is not available, but most commercial corn hybrids are resistant while sweet corn varieties remain susceptible. Even though corn hybrids are resistant to virus, it still serves as a green bridge host that enables mites to carry the virus from corn to new crop wheat in the autumn. The main management strategy for High Plains disease in wheat relies on the management of green bridge hosts. Cultural practices such as avoiding early planting can be used to avoid mite buildup and virus infections.
Social alienation and cultural distance in the context of secession in the South Caucasus
Authors: Dzutsati Valery 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhat explains the variation in individual support for the territorial integrity of the state that faces violent secession? While previous research has emphasised the role of state elites, institutions, and secessionist groups, this article elucidates the popular underpinnings of the state's response to secessionist claims. The proposed theory utilises in‐group and between‐group social distance to explain individual attitudes. Greater alienation from society leads people in the core state to reduce their support for the territorial integrity of the state. The perception of the cultural distinction of the secessionist group is associated with higher or lower support for the territorial integrity of the state, depending on the feasibility of reconquest of the secessionist territory. When reconquest is probable, support for the territorial integrity of the state will be positively associated with cultural distance. When it is improbable, support for the territorial integrity of the state will be negatively associated with cultural distance. The analysis of survey data from the South Caucasian countries that have struggled with secessionist movements for decades provides strong supportive evidence for these conjectures.
Pulmonary echinococcosis as a rare cause of Pancoast syndrome
Authors: Mathur Vaibhav , Gupta Ashish , Vyas Arvind 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA peculiar brachial plexus syndrome was first described in 1924 by Pancoast,1 (N Engl J Med, 1997,337) wherein an apical pulmonary tumor invades the C8 and T1 extraspinal nerves, the sympathetic chain, stellate ganglion, and adjacent structures. Echinococcal cysts are slowly enlarging masses, generally remaining clinically silent until their expanding size or their space‐occupying effect in an involved organ elicits symptoms. These infections are prevalent in most areas where livestock is raised in association with dogs. Pulmonary hydatid cysts are also usually only evident when they are large enough to exert mechanical compression or are complicated due to their rupture. (Clin Chest Med, 2002,397) Pancoast syndrome due to infectious causes have been previously less described, (Am J Med Sci, 2011, 333) and hence, we report pulmonary hydatid cyst as a treatable cause of this syndrome.
QTL‐allele system of main stem node number in recombinant inbred lines of soybean (Glycine max) using association versus linkage mapping
Authors: Fahim Abbas Muhammad , Pan Liyuan , Li Chunyan , He Jianbo , Xing Guangnan , Wang Wubin , Zhang Fengkai , Li Ning , Gai Junyi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMain stem node number (MSN) as a major plant architectural trait determines the plant canopy and seed yield potential in soybean. To identify the MSN QTL system, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population consists of 427 lines derived from the cross of KF‐1 × NN1138–2 was tested at two locations in 2 years showing MSN ranging in 11.9–23.7, from which the MSN QTL system was explored using RTM‐GWAS (restricted two‐stage multi‐locus genome‐wide association study) compared with linkage mapping CIM (composite interval mapping). By RTM‐GWAS, 89 QTLs were detected with a phenotypic contribution of 84.50%, whereas by CIM, 24 QTLs detected, indicating the RTM‐GWAS more powerful than CIM. In the population, the best RIL genotypic value was ~24.5, whereas the predicted extreme potential was as high as 49.0. Of the 89 MSN QTLs, 31 ones overlap with those reported in literature, whereas the rest 58 ones are novel. From the QTLs, 74 candidate genes were annotated and GO‐grouped into six categories of biological processes. RTM‐GWAS is potential in exploration of MSN QTL/Gene system benefiting breeding for ideal canopy.
A double‐edged sword: Positive and negative implications of the dialectical self
Authors: Joo Minjoo , Cross Susan E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe dialectical self is the belief that one's self‐concept is inconsistent and malleable. This study examined the relations of the dialectical self to both personal well‐being and interpersonal relationships, along with hypothesized mediators of these relations: self‐concept control, self‐concept consistency, and self‐insight. A total of 140 participants completed measures of self‐concept and well‐being; in addition, friends of participants provided their assessment of the participant and their relationship. The results revealed that self‐concept control and self‐concept consistency serially mediated the relation between the dialectical self and (low) personal well‐being. In contrast, having a highly dialectical self was positively related to liking by one's friends, and this relation was mediated by self‐insight into one's own negative attributes.
A Pandemic Risk Perception Scale
Authors: Vieira Kelmara Mendes , Potrich Ani Caroline Grigion , Bressan Aureliano Angel , Klein Leander Luiz , Pereira Breno Augusto Diniz , Pinto Nelson Guilherme Machado 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe propose a Pandemic Risk Perception Scale. Our scale comprises two constructs, Dread Risk and Personal Exposure, divided into five dimensions: Infection Risk, Emotional Health Risk, Health System Risk,Financial Risk, and Alimentary Risk. Using multidimensional item response theory, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling on two samples of respondents, our results show that Alimentary Risk, Health System Risk, and Emotional Health Risk are the main dimensions of risk perception for the COVID‐19 pandemic. Furthermore, Infection Risk has a minor impact on the pandemic's risk perception, suggesting the presence of different dynamics between personal and general risk perceptions for the COVID‐19 pandemic.