bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morality in the Populist Radical Right
Authors: Vossen Job P.H. 
Published: November 2021

Morality in the Populist Radical Right
This article provides a computer-assisted morality framing analysis of Vlaams Belang’s 2019 manifesto. The VB is regarded in the literature as a prototypical example of the Populist Radical Right (PRR). We first concisely review what PRR politics is and what it consists of, tentatively distinguishing four elements that we hypothesise will materialise in corresponding subframes running throughout the manifesto. We point to a mismatch between the omnipresent role of morality in all PRR subframes and the little attention devoted to the concept in the PRR literature. We introduce a useful theory from social psychology into framing literature to create a novel methodological approach to frame analysis that builds a bridge between a qualitative content and a quantitative context approach. The results support our hypothesis that populism, nationalism, nativism and authoritarianism can be distinguished from one another. Additionally, we detect a fifth PRR subframe, crimmigration, by its unique role of morality.
Children's clarification requests in interviews: Testing the effects of age, question characteristics, and brief intervention strategies
Authors: Rodriguez Steen Lillian A. , Malloy Lindsay C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn some contexts (e.g., legal and medical), it is imperative that children indicate when they do not understand an adult's question. Yet, little research has examined children's clarification requests. We asked 122 4‐ to 9‐year‐olds tricky and simple interview questions to assess how often and how children request clarification in interviews, the factors associated with these requests, and whether brief interventions that supplement standard ground rule instructions increase such requests. Overall, the majority of children requested clarification at least once, and most did so explicitly. Child age and question characteristics appeared to influence such requests. Questions that were tricky, especially those that were inaudible or included complex vocabulary/syntax, elicited more clarification requests than simple questions. Supplementing standard ground rule instructions with additional explanations failed to significantly increase clarification requests, though teaching children a clear method for requesting clarification had limited effects on their responses. Results provide insight into children's cognitive development and have implications for interviewing children.
Electrochromic Displays Having Two‐Dimensional CIE Color Space Tunability
Authors: Zhang Wu , Li Haizeng , Elezzabi Abdulhakem Y. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractElectrochromic devices with a wide color gamut distribution have long been sought after for non‐emissive display technologies. The current state‐of‐the‐art multicolor electrochromic displays utilize a single electrochromic layer, which restricts their color tunability within a linear or curved segment scope in International Commission on Illumination (CIE) color space and thus leads to limited color hues. Herein, it is demonstrated vivid electrochromic displays with broadened color hues via fabricating Zn‐based multicolor electrochromic displays having 2D CIE color space tunability. In addition, it is revealed that a Fabry–Perot nanocavity structure can further tune the color hues via altering the coordinate of the 2D CIE color space. It is known that this is the first demonstration of 2D CIE color space tunability realization from a single transparent or reflective electrochromic device. These findings represent a novel strategy for fabricating multicolor electrochromic displays and are expected to advance the development of electrochromic displays.
Multivalent Noncovalent Interfacing and Cross‐Linking of Supramolecular Tubes
Authors: Xiu Fangyuan , Knežević Anamarija , Kwangmettatam Supaporn , Di Iorio Daniele , Huskens Jurriaan , Kudernac Tibor 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNatural supramolecular filaments have the ability to cross‐link with each other and to interface with the cellular membrane via biomolecular noncovalent interactions. This behavior allows them to form complex networks within as well as outside the cell, i.e., the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix, respectively. The potential of artificial supramolecular polymers to interact through specific noncovalent interactions has so far only seen limited exploration due to the dynamic nature of supramolecular interactions. Here, a system of synthetic supramolecular tubes that cross‐link forming supramolecular networks, and at the same time bind to biomimetic surfaces by the aid of noncovalent streptavidin–biotin linkages, is demonstrated. The architecture of the networks can be engineered by controlling the density of the biotin moiety at the exterior of the tubes as well as by the concentration of the streptavidin. The presented strategy provides a pathway for designing adjustable artificial supramolecular superstructures, which can potentially yield more complex biomimetic adaptive materials.
An NIR Discrete Metallacycle Constructed from Perylene Bisimide and Tetraphenylethylene Fluorophores for Imaging‐Guided Cancer Radio‐Chemotherapy
Authors: Ding Yuan , Tong Zongrui , Jin Lulu , Ye Binglin , Zhou Jiong , Sun Zhongquan , Yang Huang , Hong Liangjie , Huang Feihe , Wang Weilin , Mao Zhengwei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo promote the clinical theranostic performances of platinum‐based anticancer drugs, imaging capability is urgently desired, and their chemotherapeutic efficacy needs to be upgraded. Herein, a theranostic metallacycle (M) is developed for imaging‐guided cancer radio‐chemotherapy using perylene bisimide fluorophore (PPy) and tetraphenylethylene‐based di‐Pt(II) organometallic precursor (TPE‐Pt) as building blocks. The formation of this discrete supramolecular coordination complex facilitates the encapsulation of M by a glutathione (GSH)‐responsive amphiphilic block copolymer to prepare M‐loaded nanoparticles (MNPs). TPE‐Pt acts as a chemotherapeutic drug and also an excellent radiosensitizer, thus incorporating radiotherapy into the nanomedicine to accelerate the therapeutic efficacy and overcome drug resistance. The NIR‐emission of PPy is employed to detect the intracellular delivery and tissue distribution of MNPs in real time. In vitro and in vivo investigations demonstrate the excellent anticancer efficacy combining chemotherapy and radiotherapy; the administration of this nanomedicine effectively inhibits the tumor growth and greatly extends the survival rate of cisplatin‐resistant A2780CIS‐tumor‐bearing mice. Guided by in vivo fluorescence imaging, radio‐chemotherapy is precisely carried out, which facilitates boosting of the therapeutic outcomes and minimizing undesired side effects. The success of this theranostic system brings new hope to supramolecular nanomedicines for their potential clinical translations.
Assessing the Photovoltaic Quality of Vacuum‐Thermal Evaporated Organic Semiconductor Blends
Authors: Kaienburg Pascal , Jungbluth Anna , Habib Irfan , Kesava Sameer Vajjala , Nyman Mathias , Riede Moritz K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVacuum‐thermal evaporation (VTE) is a highly relevant fabrication route for organic solar cells (OSCs), especially on an industrial scale as proven by the commercialization of organic light emitting diode‐based displays. While OSC performance is reported for a range of VTE‐deposited molecules, a comprehensive assessment of donor:acceptor blend properties with respect to their photovoltaic performance is scarce. Here, the organic thin films and solar cells of three select systems are fabricated and ellipsometry, external quantum efficiency with high dynamic range, as well as OTRACE are measured to quantify absorption, voltage losses, and charge carrier mobility. These parameters are key to explain OSC performance and will help to rationalize the performance of other material systems reported in literature as the authors’ methodology is applicable beyond VTE systems. Furthermore, it can help to judge the prospects of new molecules in general. The authors find large differences in the measured values and find that today's VTE OSCs can reach high extinction coefficients, but only moderate mobility and voltage loss compared to their solution‐processed counterparts. What needs to be improved for VTE OSCs is outlined to again catch up with their solution‐processed counterparts in terms of power conversion efficiency.
Genotype by environment analysis on multi‐canopy cropping system in rice: Effects of different types of flag leaves
Authors: Hidayah Ummu Fitrothul , Suwarno Willy Bayuardi , Aswidinnoor Hajrial 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBreeding rice (Oryza sativa L.) for the multi‐canopy (MC) cropping system is one of the novel ideas for increasing production. This system involves combining rice genotypes with different plant heights to form stratified panicles and flag leaves. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of different characteristics of flag leaves of tall plant genotypes on yield and agronomic traits in MC cultivation. The study was conducted from May 2020 to January 2021 at the IPB University Experimental Station at Babakan, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. The genetic materials were seven rice inbred lines of F9 from an ongoing breeding program at IPB University, consisting of four tall genotypes with different flag leaf characters, namely IPB187‐F‐90‐1‐1 (ordinary, short flag leaf); IPB189‐F‐19‐2‐1 (V‐shaped, medium‐length flag leaf); IPB187‐F‐40‐1‐2 (V‐shape, narrow, half rolled, and long flag leaf); IPB189‐F‐8‐1‐1 (wide, long flag leaf), and three short genotypes, namely IPB193‐F‐19‐1‐3, IPB187‐F‐69‐2‐3, and IPB189‐F‐13‐1‐1. The experiment was carried out in four environmental conditions, namely: (a) monoculture and (b) MC, 2020 dry season, (c) monoculture, and (d) MC, 2020/2021 wet season, using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that the genotype × cropping system interaction significantly affected total yield (p < .05). The MC cropping system produced a higher average yield (6.65 t ha–1) than the monoculture (6.01 t ha–1) across the two seasons. The genotype with V‐shape and medium‐length flag leaf gave the highest yield in MC. This study substantiated the potential of breeding rice varieties suitable for the MC system.
Biasing the Hierarchy Motifs of Nanotoroids: from 1D Nanotubes to 2D Porous Networks
Authors: Valera Jorge S. , Arima Hironari , Naranjo Cristina , Saito Takuho , Suda Natsuki , Gómez Rafael , Yagai Shiki , Sánchez Luis 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHierarchical organization of self‐assembled structures into superstructures is omnipresent in Nature but has been rarely achieved in synthetic molecular assembly due to the absence of clear structural rules. We herein report on the self‐assembly of scissor‐shaped azobenzene dyads which form discrete nanotoroids that further organize into 2D porous networks. The steric demand of the peripheral aliphatic units diminishes the trend of the azobenzene dyad to constitute stackable nanotoroids in solution, thus affording isolated (unstackable) nanotoroids upon cooling. Upon drying, these nanotoroids organize at graphite surface to form well‐defined 2D porous networks. The photoirradiation with UV and visible light enabled reversible dissociation and reconstruction of nanotoroids through the efficient trans↔cis isomerization of azobenzene moieties in solution.
Dynamic Kinetic Sensitization of β‐Dicarbonyl Compounds—Access to Medium‐Sized Rings by De Mayo‐Type Ring Expansion
Authors: Paulisch Tiffany O. , Mai Lukas A. , Strieth‐Kalthoff Felix , James Michael J. , Henkel Christian , Guldi Dirk M. , Glorius Frank 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHerein, we present a photocatalyzed two‐carbon ring expansion of β‐dicarbonyl compounds with unactivated olefins that provides facile access to medium‐sized rings. Selective sensitization of the substoichiometric enol tautomer enables reactivity of substrates incompatible with the classical De Mayo reaction conditions. Key to success is the identification of the metal‐based sensitizerfac‐[Ir(CF3‐pmb)3], which can be excited using common near‐visible LEDs, and possesses a high triplet excited state energy of 73.3 kcal mol−1. This exactly falls in the range between the triplet energies of the enol and keto tautomer, thereby enabling a dynamic kinetic sensitization. Demonstrating the applicability offac‐[Ir(CF3‐pmb)3] as a photocatalyst in organic synthesis for the first time, we describe a two‐step photocycloaddition‐ring‐opening cascade with β‐ketoesters, ‐diketones, and ‐ketoamides. The mechanism has been corroborated by time‐resolved spectroscopy, as well as further experimental and computational studies.
One size fits all? Stature estimation from footprints and the effect of substrate and speed on footprint creation
Authors: Wiseman Ashleigh L. A. , De Groote Isabelle 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEstimation of stature from footprint lengths is a common prediction in forensic cases and in paleoanthropology upon the discovery of fossil footprints. Many studies, which have estimated stature from footprints, generally use a “one‐size‐fits‐all” approach that usually involves applying a known ratio of foot length to total stature to do so, although this method has fallen out of practice in forensic cases in recent years but is still commonly used for fossil trace evidence. Yet, we know that substrate and speed can change the dimensions of a footprint, so why are these “one‐size‐fits‐all” approaches still used today? We tested footprint production across different substrates at a walk, a fast walk, and a jog. We calculated how accurately footprint dimensions were impressed between these different conditions and identified sources of error in footprint lengths, and the percentage changes of how significantly a footprint can change in length between different conditions. We provide a table with different ratios that we encourage practitioners/field scientists to refer to and use when estimating stature from footprints, with respect to the substrate on which the footprint was created and the speed at which it was created. We actively encourage researchers to add the ratios by testing more substrates so that in the future stature can be more accurately estimated, thus aiding the paleoanthropological community, but also forensic investigations by statistically highlighting how different conditions can affect trace dimensions.
A Self‐locked β‐Cyclodextrin‐rhodamine B Spirolactam with Photoswitching Properties
Authors: Panagiotakis Stylianos , Saridakis Emmanuel , Malanga Milo , Mavridis Irene M. , Yannakopoulou Konstantina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSupramolecular organization and self‐assembly are the pillars of functionality of many nanosystems. The covalent conjugate (6‐spirolactam rhodamine B‐6‐monodeoxy)‐β‐cyclodextrin (Rho‐βCD) is assembled as a self‐included, rigid nanostructure, identical in the crystal and in aqueous solution, as revealed by detailed X‐ray and NMR analyses. Rho‐βCD self‐assembly is the result of an interesting reaction pathway, which partially de‐aggregates Rho and disturbs the zwitterion↔spirolactone equilibrium. Rho‐βCD is stable at pH 4.6, but displays controllable photoswitching between the colored, fluorescent, zwitterionic and the colorless, non‐fluorescent closed structures, during several iterative cycles. After an initial drop in absorbance, the on‐off process continues without further changes under our irradiation conditions, a consequence of the specific self‐locked arrangement of Rho in the cavity. Rho‐βCD exemplifies a water soluble photoresponsive nanosystem with improved photostability suggesting promising applications in super resolution bioimaging.
Comparison of partial least square, artificial neural network, and support vector regressions for real‐time monitoring of CHO cell culture processes using in situ near‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Zavala‐Ortiz Daniel A. , Denner Aurélia , Aguilar‐Uscanga Maria G. , Marc Annie , Ebel Bruno , Guedon Emmanuel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe biopharmaceutical industry must guarantee the efficiency and biosafety of biological medicines, which are quite sensitive to cell culture process variability. Real‐time monitoring procedures based on vibrational spectroscopy such as near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, are then emerging to support innovative strategies for retro‐control of key parameters as substrates and by‐product concentration. Whereas monitoring models are mainly constructed using partial least squares regression (PLSR), spectroscopic models based on artificial neural networks (ANNR) and support vector regression (SVR) are emerging with promising results. Unfortunately, analysis of their performance in cell culture monitoring has been limited. This study was then focused to assess their performance and suitability for the cell culture process challenges. PLSR had inferior values of the determination coefficient (R2) for all the monitored parameters (i.e., 0.85, 0.93, and 0.98, respectively for the PLSR, SVR, and ANNR models for glucose). In general, PLSR had a limited performance while models based on ANNR and SVR have been shown superior due to better management of inter‐batch heterogeneity and enhanced specificity. Overall, the use of SVR and ANNR for the generation of calibration models enhanced the potential of NIR spectroscopy as a monitoring tool.
Combined gene and environmental engineering offers a synergetic strategy to enhance r‐protein production in Chinese hamster ovary cells
Authors: Torres Mauro , Dickson Alan J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEnvironmental growth‐inhibition conditions (GICs) have been used extensively for increasing cell‐specific productivity (qP) of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, with the most common being temperature downshift and sodium butyrate (NaBu) treatment. B lymphocyte‐induced maturation protein‐1 (BLIMP1) overexpression in CHO cells can also inhibit cell growth and increase product titers and qP. Given the similar responses, this study evaluated the individual and combined effects of BLIMP1 expression, low temperature, and NaBu treatment on culture performance, cell metabolism, and recombinant protein production of CHO cells. As expected, all three interventions decreased cell growth, arrested cells in G1/G0 cell cycle phase, and increased qP. However, CHO cells presented different responses when considering cell viability, recombinant gene expression, and cell metabolism that indicated differences in the molecular loci by which BLIMP1 and GICs generated higher productivities. Combinations of BLIMP1 expression and GICs acted synergistically to inhibit cell growth and maximize r‐protein production, with the BLIMP1/NaBu condition leading to the most significant improvements in product titers and qP. This latter condition also proved to substantially increase product yields (up to 9.8 g immunoglobulin G1 [IgG1]/L and 2.2 g erythropoietin‐Fc [EPO‐Fc]/L) and qP (up to 179 pg/cell/day [pcd] for IgG1 and 30 pcd for EPO‐Fc) in high‐density perfusion cultures. These findings offered mechanistic insights about the productivity‐enhancing effects of BLIMP1 and GICs, as well as their complementarity for generating highly productive processes.
Online estimation of changing metabolic capacities in continuous Corynebacterium glutamicum cultivations growing on a complex sugar mixture
Authors: Sinner Peter , Stiegler Marlene , Goldbeck Oliver , Seibold Gerd M. , Herwig Christoph , Kager Julian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractModel‐based state estimators enable online monitoring of bioprocesses and, thereby, quantitative process understanding during running operations. During prolonged continuous bioprocesses strain physiology is affected by selection pressure. This can cause time‐variable metabolic capacities that lead to a considerable model‐plant mismatch reducing monitoring performance if model parameters are not adapted accordingly. Variability of metabolic capacities therefore needs to be integrated in the in silico representation of a process using model‐based monitoring approaches. To enable online monitoring of multiple concentrations as well as metabolic capacities during continuous bioprocessing of spent sulfite liquor with Corynebacterium glutamicum, this study presents a particle filtering framework that takes account of parametric variability. Physiological parameters are continuously adapted by Bayesian inference, using noninvasive off‐gas measurements. Additional information on current parameter importance is derived from time‐resolved sensitivity analysis. Experimental results show that the presented framework enables accurate online monitoring of long‐term culture dynamics, whereas state estimation without parameter adaption failed to quantify substrate metabolization and growth capacities under conditions of high selection pressure. Online estimated metabolic capacities are further deployed for multiobjective optimization to identify time‐variable optimal operating points. Thereby, the presented monitoring system forms a basis for adaptive control during continuous bioprocessing of lignocellulosic by‐product streams.
An Update on Natural Antileishmanial Treatment Options from Plants, Fungi and Algae
Authors: Koko Waleed S. , Al Nasr Ibrahim S. , Khan Tariq A. , Schobert Rainer , Biersack Bernhard 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEfficient drugs for the treatment of leishmaniasis, which is classified as a neglected tropical disease, are sought for. This review covers potential drug candidates from natural plant, fungus and algae sources, which were described over the last six years. The identification of these natural antileishmanials often based on the knowledge of traditional medicines. Crucial insights into the activities of these natural remedies againstLeishmaniaparasites and against infections caused by these parasites in laboratory animals or patients are provided and compared with selected former active examples published more than six years ago. In addition, immuno‐modulatory natural antileishmanials and recent developments on combination therapies including natural products and approved antileishmanials are discussed. The described natural products revealed promising data warranting further efforts on the discovery and development of new antileishmanials based on patterns from nature.
The Application of Biocatalysis in the Preparation and Resolution of Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman Adducts and Their Derivatives
Authors: Juma Wanyama Peter , Nyoni Dubekile , Brady Dean , Bode Moira L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman (MBH) reaction affords highly functionalised allylic alcohols containing a new stereogenic centre. These MBH adducts are very versatile and have been transformed into a large range of products, some of which have medicinal potential. Several examples of asymmetric syntheses of MBH adducts have been reported, although a generally applicable method remains to be developed. Biocatalytic approaches for the synthesis and enzymatic kinetic resolution of MBH adducts have been reported, and are discussed in detail in this review. Enzymes able to catalyse the asymmetric MBH reaction have been identified, but selectivity and efficiency have generally been low. Lipases, esterases and nitrile‐converting enzymes have all been successfully applied in the resolution of MBH adducts, with excellent selectivity being realised in most cases.