bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analisis Efektivitas Kondensor Di PLTU PT. Semen Tonasa Btg Unit I 2×25 MW
Authors: Bhuana Jamal Chandra , Muh Irfan , Maulana Aqsha 
Published: July 2021

Abstract: This research was conducted to determine the effect of fouling on the effectiveness of condensers in the Steam Power Plant (PLTU) PT. Semen Tonasa. The research method used is data collection in the central control room PLTU PT. Semen Tonasa. Steam temperature inlet condenser (Thin), temperature of condensate water (Thout), steam pressure inlet condenser (Ps), pressure of cooling water (Pcw), inlet temperature (Tcin) and outlet temperature of cooling water (Tcout), steam flow rate ( and cooling water flow rate () is the data needed in this research. Data were analyzed to get the value of effectiveness, number transfer of units (NTU), capacity ratio (C), log mean temperature different (LMTD) of the condenser. The results of the analysis showed that the decrease in condenser performance was influenced by the effect of fouling. Overhaul is done every 2 years. There was a decrease in NTU's value of 31.69% and an effective value of 22.29% in the period April 2016 to March 2018.
AN INVESTIGATION OF SCHOOL-BASED CHALLENGES FACING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN THE PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN MALAWI: A CASE STUDY OF FOUR PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN ZOMBA DISTRICT
Authors: Chirwa Grames , Lingolwe Francis , Naidoo Devika 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: This study sought to investigate the challenges which schools are facing in implementing inclusive education in mainstream primary schools in Zomba district.
Methodology: Qualitative research method which employed a case study design was used. Thirty-four participants were involved in this study. These were purposely sampled. Data was collected through interviews, documents review and classroom lesson observations to provide methodological triangulation. Data was analyzed using thematic content analysis method inductively.
Results: The results of the study indicated that the implementation of inclusive education is facing a number of challenges such as ineffective orientation of head teachers and teachers to inclusive education, unavailability of teaching and learning materials for special needs learners in the mainstream schools, lack of special needs specialist teachers and lack of infrastructure suitable for the diverse special education needs learners.
Unique contribution to theory and practice: The study recommended, that the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology officers, that is the District Education Managers and the Primary Education Advisors involved in the implementation of inclusive education need to ensure that there is effective orientation training of the head-teachers teachers and teachers on inclusive education. The Ministry of education, Science and Technology should provide teaching and learning materials for the special education needs learners in the mainstream schools.
STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION ON THE INFLUENCE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) IN SCIENCE TEACHING AND LEARNING (SED209 & SED317) ON THEIR ICT AND TEACHING SKILLS
Authors: Aboderin Olukayode , Bamisile Oluwatoyosi 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to explore students’ perception on the influence of ICT in science teaching and learning (SED 209 and SED 317) on their ICT and teaching skills.
Methodology: The study employed a qualitative study design as a means of carrying out the research. The population consisted of all 300 level and graduating students in the Department of Science Education of Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko. Three research questions were designed to guide the study.The sample of the study was made up of 31 respondents from Science Education Department of the University which were selected using purposive sampling technique. Interview schedule was used to collect data from the respondents. Data collected was analyzed using content analysis.
Results: Findings revealed that the two ICT courses influence ICT skills of science education students. Findings also revealed that the knowledge gained from the two courses have really influenced students’ teaching skills during teaching practice.
Unique Contribution to Theory and Practice: Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended that parent should encourage their children to develop their ICT skills before getting admission so as to enhance learning while taking SED 209 and 317. It was also recommended that government should sanction budgets in ICT head available for students to facilitate teaching and learning of science subjects
ООН и Узбекистан: цели устойчивого развития в действии
Authors: Отахонов Фозилжон , Расулев Абдулазиз 
Published: July 2021

Рассматривается сущность и значение посланий Президента в качестве основного политико-правового инструмента государственного управления. Исследуется взаимосвязь посланий Президента с Целями устойчивого развития ООН, определяется на сколько идеи, заложенные в посланиях Президента Ш. Мирзиёева совпадают с рекомендациями мирового сообщества, отраженными в Целях устойчивого развития ООН, оцениваются достигнутые Узбекистаном результаты по достижению ЦУР.
Crisis migratoria venezolana: una amenaza a la territorialidad y seguridad del Estado colombiano
Authors: Chavarro Miranda Fernando , Albarracín Nathalya , Osorio Isaza Vladimir 
Published: July 2021

Durante los últimos cuatro años, la migración venezolana ha generado problemas en la calidad de vida de aquellos venezolanos que llegan al país en condición de vulnerabilidad, y en busca de mejores condiciones económicas, sociales, laborales y sanitarias. Sin embargo, la migración representa un desafío no solo humanitario, sino una amenaza a la territorialidad soberana del Estado colombiano.
Así mismo, la migración está ligada a los factores de inestabilidad, dado que existe una instrumentalización de los migrantes por parte de los grupos al margen de la ley que afectan la seguridad del Estado. Por lo anterior, se entiende la migración como una amenaza no tradicional bajo el enfoque de la seguridad multidimensional. Por ello, para el Estado es fundamental entender este fenómeno de manera integral, es decir, generar una estrategia de manera transversal a todas las entidades del Estado que permitan minimizar los riesgos sociales y de seguridad.
La Ley 1448 de 2011: un punto de quiebre de la violencia en Colombia
Authors: Forero Bustos Carlos Esteban 
Published: July 2021

El año 2012 representó, para Colombia, un quiebre determinante en el concepto acerca del conflicto. Por una parte, debido a la consideración de la existencia de un conflicto interno y, por otro lado, a causa del inicio de la fase pública del proceso de negociación con la guerrilla de las FARC-EP. La Ley 1448, denominada la Ley de Víctimas y Restitución de Tierras, es una normatividad que tiene, como finalidad inicial, asignarles un lugar importante a las víctimas a través de la reparación, restitución y garantías de no repetición. Por medio de un enfoque cualitativo y mediante la revisión y análisis documental, se buscará una explicación sobre si esta ley marcó o no un cambio en la identificación de la violencia en la que lleva sumida Colombia por más de cincuenta años. Es así como el presente documento, en primera instancia, discurrirá acerca de la violencia en Colombia; posteriormente, se contrastarán los objetivos de la Ley 975 de 2005 o Ley de Justicia y Paz, con la Ley de Víctimas y Restitución de Tierras; paso seguido, se presentará la forma de reconocimiento de las víctimas del conflicto armado por uno de los principales actores: las guerrillas, y, finalmente, se abordará el tema de los argumentos de los detractores y partidarios acerca de la existencia de un conflicto armado en Colombia, para concluir que a Ley 1448 representa un punto de inflexión importante en la consideración del conflicto en el país.
La violencia de origen criminal, articulación con la violencia política como factores de inestabilidad en el Catatumbo (2010-2018)
Authors: Otálora Rodríguez Fredy Gonzalo 
Published: July 2021

El propósito de este trabajo es caracterizar la problemática de inestabilidad en la región del Catatumbo en el lapso 2010-2018, usando como marco los conceptos de violencia de origen criminal y violencia política. Actualmente, pese a la salida de una parte de las estructuras armadas de las FARC, al desarrollo de negociaciones entre el ELN y el gobierno, y a los compromisos que este último ha adquirido con los habitantes, el escenario continúa siendo complejo: hay evidencias del incremento de cultivos ilícitos en la zona; proliferación y fortalecimiento de actores armados ilegales; enfrentamiento por el control del narcotráfico y coerción. Estas problemáticas revisten complejidad debido a los bajos niveles de desarrollo y a las condiciones de pobreza que afectan a la población, constituyéndose en un objeto de estudio relevante por las consecuencias políticas y sociales que se derivan para Colombia y la región.
El papel de las mujeres en la construcción de paz: un análisis geoestratégico
Authors: Ramírez Torres Luz Yulieth , Reyes Torres Yesica Alejandra 
Published: July 2021

El presente documento tiene, como propósito, dar a conocer los resultados preliminares desarrollados en el marco del semillero de investigación de la Universidad de la Salle, sobre el papel de la mujer en la construcción de paz, proceso en el cual se construye una línea de tiempo global, nacional y regional para representar el activismo de las mujeres en la realidad geopolítica con el transcurso de la historia, en donde la mujer ha tenido un papel predominante dentro de los escenarios de construcción de paz. Se utiliza un enfoque metodológico de carácter cualitativo, a través del análisis de coyuntura y de contenido, para establecer la participación de la mujer en el entorno descrito anteriormente. Con este trabajo se reconoce a numerosas mujeres invisibilizadas, que juegan un rol primordial en la construcción del tejido social.
La participación política en los Acuerdos de Paz: los casos de El Salvador y Colombia
Authors: Durán Guerrero Angie Lorena , Mendoza Villamil Laura Daniela 
Published: July 2021

El Salvador y Colombia representan dos casos de países latinoamericanos que han vivido el escenario de la lucha armada por grupos al margen de la ley. Teniendo en cuenta que ya han pasado veintiséis años desde la firma del Acuerdo de Paz salvadoreño con el FMLN, tomar a El Salvador como ejemplo puede brindar una visión sobre los aciertos y deficiencias del caso colombiano, dado que el Acuerdo de Paz con las FARC inició su etapa de implementación hace apenas dos años. Especialmente, el punto de participación política es presentado como clave para el proceso de reincorporación de los excombatientes, pues engloba las demandas de acceso al sistema político, razón por la que históricamente surgieron ambas guerrillas. El presente trabajo pretende analizar comparativamente el grado de implementación del punto de participación política contenido en el punto seis del Acuerdo de Chapultepec y en el punto dos del Acuerdo de La Habana. Para tal fin, se usará una metodología cualitativa, descriptiva y comparativa, que establezca las diferencias y similitudes en la implementación del mencionado punto. El análisis de cinco variables que fueron establecidas para comparar el contenido de los Acuerdos y de los resultados electorales de los partidos políticos que surgen de los grupos guerrilleros, permiten concluir que el éxito de estos partidos no depende estrictamente de lo pactado en los acuerdos y del cumplimiento de los mismos, sino que las dinámicas de estos grupos en tanto guerrillas tienen un impacto políticamente relevante aún después de la desmovilización.
The architecture and perception of the hermitage (1770-1860)
Authors: Ronnes Hanneke , Van Elburg Wouter , Haverman Merel 
Published: July 2021

The hermitage is a little researched and understood garden ornament. The hermitage as a place of solitary retreat occurs from antiquity to the late nineteenth century because it appealed to people in different periods and could be easily adapted to the specific wishes of the noble, religious or intellectual owner and the taste of the age. This article presents new research into the hermitage on Dutch country estates, based on an analysis of for sale notices, primary source research (mainly travellers’ tales) and a review of the literature. The hermitage was a widespread phenomenon in the Netherlands. The current inventory has almost tripled the number of known country-estate hermitages from 36 to over a hundred. Thanks to this new, larger data set it was possible to make more accurate statements about the period in which the hermitage was popular, about its distribution in the Netherlands, its location in the garden, its appearance and its significance.
A search through digitally accessible newspapers led to the discovery of many slightly later, smaller hermitages. And whereas Gelderland had previously been regarded as the foremost hermitage province, in light of current knowledge that perception has now swung in favour of Holland. This has also served to accentuate the bourgeois character of the hermitage: it was most prevalent on the country estates of urban regents, located close to the city. Hermitages were initially regarded as a rarity, later as a regular feature of landscape-style private parks, although they were never the most important ornament of such parks. Research has revealed that the location was nearly always isolated. The interior was austere, usually consisting of one or more chairs, a bench or bed, a skull or coffin, an hourglass, books and a (wooden) hermit doll. Evidence suggesting that the hermitage design was highly standardized can also be found in descriptions of hermit’s huts in travel reports.
Contrary to what is often assumed, the popularity of the hermitage suggests that the Dutch were not immune to Romanticism. The fact that the sources provide so little evidence of cynicism vis-à-vis the phenomenon of the hermitage and the hermit supports this thesis. However, the hermit’s hut satisfied a more universal need than mere romanticism: throughout history rooms have been created to which people – usually members of the elite – could withdraw. In that sense the hermitage was a counterpart of the cabinet or study. What remained after the exalted emotions and ideas of Romanticism had subsided, was the walk to the hermitage and, upon arrival, the tranquillity and the view. The Dutch hermitage is in every respect a reflection of the Dutch country estate: both were primarily bourgeois, widespread, urban, and modest in size and furnishing.
Effects of Plasma Focus on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of 14 Thai Rice Varieties
Authors: PURIPUNYAVANICH Vichai , TAMMAN Arlee , ORPONG Piyanuch , PICHA Roppon , LIMTIYAYOTHIN Mayuree , WONGHABUT Pasit , SANGWANG Wutthichok , NILGUMHANG Kewalee , PROMPING Jiraporn 
Published: July 2021

Thailand Plasma Focus 2 (TPF-2) is operated at 2.16 kJ of storage energy with argon as a filled gas and can emit sharp x-ray pulses to plant cells in nanosecond (10-9 s) duration. The effects of plasma focus x-ray on seed germination and seedling growth of 14 Thai rice varieties treated under 10 conditions; 0 (control), 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 plasma focus shots, were investigated. The results show that the germination rates and growth reduction rates were significantly different among the rice varieties. The germination rate of 10 varieties (Jek Chuey, KDML105, LPT123, PTT1, RD41, RD47, RD49, RD67, RD79, and SPR2) decreased when treated with a high number of plasma focus shots. LD50 and GR50 values were calculated, except for KTH17, RD1, RD7, and RD31 whose germination only slightly decreased, or remained constant, even after they were treated by 18 plasma focus shots.
HIGHLIGHTS

Effects of plasma focus irradiation on germination and growth were assessed on 14 Thai rice varieties
Shoot and root lengths of rice seedlings were measured 10 days after of plasma treatment
Plasma focus was operated at 12 kV and the number of plasma focus shots was varied from 0 (control) to 18 shots
Sensitivity to plasma irradiation was found to differ among rice seeds tested

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
CMOS Realizable and Highly Cascadable Structures of First-Order All-Pass Filters
Authors: Jitender Jitender , MOHAN Jitendra , CHATURVEDI Bhartendu 
Published: July 2021

Two novel resistorless structures of a first-order voltage-mode all-pass filter are presented in the paper. Both the structures employ a fully differential second-generation current conveyor (FDCCII) as the primary active element, in addition to an active resistor. A grounded capacitor is the only passive component used in both the structures. In both the structures, CMOS realization of FDCCII is utilized; hence, these structures are CMOS compatible. Some of the other highly demanded features possessed by the presented all-pass structures are: a simple circuit topology, electronic tunability, high input impedance, constraint-free operation in terms of passive component matching, and low sensitivity figures. The theoretical performances under ideal and non-ideal scenarios are presented in detail. Furthermore, the proposed idea is extended to an Nth-order voltage-mode all-pass filter and a quadrature oscillator to explore some of the possible applications. PSPICE simulation results verify the theoretical claims of the presented all-pass filters.
HIGHLIGHTS

Two novel resistorless structures of first-order all-pass filters based on fully differential second-generation current conveyor are presented
Performance of the proposed structures are thoroughly described in ideal and non-ideal scenarios
Theoretically described details of the proposed structures are verified by carrying simulations on PSPICE using 180 nm CMOS technology
An Nth-order all-pass filter and a quadrature oscillator are also presented as applications

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
enseñanza virtual en la universidad en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Legua Cárdenas José Antonio 
Published: July 2021

En tiempos de pandemia por la enfermedad covid-19 se hace necesario encontrar nuevas estrategias educativas para mejorar la enseñanza virtual y a la vez la urgente la necesidad de gestionar los recursos para cumplir las necesidades académicas programadas para cada periodo de estudios.
En estos tiempos de pandemia urge adaptarnos a nuevos sistemas educativos, que al respecto Cervi et al (2020) nos indica que la COVID-19 ha evidenciado la urgente transformación que demandan los sistemas educativos tradicionales y la importancia de poseer una estrategia educativa virtual, así como un alumnado y un profesorado con habilidades y competencias para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje en el ciberespacio. La irrupción de este virus planetario ha dejado constancia de las exigencias de una pandemia a las instituciones educativa: flexibilidad, plataformas, metodologías y contenidos adaptados a unos intercambios formativos mediados por las pantallas.
Exposure dating of detrital magnetite using 3He enabled by microCT and calibration of the cosmogenic 3He production rate in magnetite
Authors: Hofmann Florian , Cooperdock Emily H. G. , West A. Joshua , Hildebrandt Dominic , Strößner Kathrin , Farley Kenneth A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract. We test whether X-ray micro-computed tomography (microCT)
imaging can be used as a tool for screening magnetite grains to improve the
accuracy and precision of cosmogenic 3He exposure dating. We extracted
detrital magnetite from a soil developed on a fanglomerate at Whitewater,
California, which was offset by the Banning strand of the San Andreas Fault.
This study shows that microCT screening can distinguish between
inclusion-free magnetite and magnetite with fluid or common solid
inclusions. Such inclusions can produce bulk 3He concentrations that
are significantly in excess of the expected spallation production. We
present Li concentrations, major and trace element analyses, and estimated
magnetite (U–Th) / He cooling ages of samples in order to model the
contribution from fissiogenic, nucleogenic, and cosmogenic thermal neutron
production of 3He. We show that mineral inclusions in magnetite can
produce 3He concentrations of up to 4 times that of the spallation
component, leading to erroneous exposure ages. Therefore, grains with
inclusions must be avoided in order to facilitate accurate and precise
magnetite 3He exposure dating. Around 30 % of all grains were found
to be without inclusions, as detectable by microCT, with the largest
proportion of suitable grains in the grain size range of 400–800 µm.
While grains with inclusions have 3He concentrations far in excess of
the values expected from existing 10Be and 26Al data in quartz at
the Whitewater site, magnetite grains without inclusions have concentrations
close to the predicted depth profile. We measured 3He concentrations in
aliquots without inclusions and corrected them for Li-produced components.
By comparing these data to the known exposure age of 53.5 ± 2.2 ka, we
calibrate a production rate for magnetite 3He at sea level and high latitude (SLHL) of 116 ± 13 at g−1 a−1. We suggest that this microCT screening approach can be
used to improve the quality of cosmogenic 3He measurements of magnetite
and other opaque mineral phases for exposure age and detrital studies.
The ecology of herd immunity
Authors: Dias de Avila-Pires Fernando 
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic that began in early 2020 is currently the subject of thousands of articles on the various aspects of its epidemiology. One recurrent theme is the phenomenon of herd immunity or herd effect. In this article, I present a short history of the concept, the arguments around its nomenclature, and the ecologist’s view of the herd effect, using the case history of the sleeping sickness control in Africa.
KEY WORDS: Herd immunity; convergence; ecology; sleeping sickness.
Epidemiological evaluation of patients submitted to the galactomannan test with suspected invasive aspergillosis
Authors: De Oliveira Cunha Daiane , Andreia Bernardes Leão Cordeiro Jacqueline , Da Silva Cintra de Paula Hellen , Silvestre Ataides Fabio , Sam Tiago Vilanova-Costa Cesar , Aparecida Saddi Vera , Marcio Teodoro Cordeiro Silva Antonio 
Published: July 2021

Invasive aspergillosis (IA) increases dramatically when there is potential risk in many patient groups, in particular with hematological malignancies. The purpose of the study was to trace the epidemiological profile of patients who underwent galactomannan test by ELISA with suspected IA and to determine the factors that contribute to the development of the disease. We evaluated 264 patients who underwent galactomannan test with suspected IA from 2013 to 2015.The clinical-epidemiological characteristics were determined using descriptive statistics. The variables were evaluated using the chi-square test (χ2) and the G-test, with p-value considered significant below 0.05. According to the classification for IA by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, the disease was considered proven in 7.3%, defined by positive culture for the fungus, 6.4% as probable through detection of galactomannan and the presence of pulmonary infiltrates and 5.1% as possible by radiological alterations suggestive of IA and negative galactomannan test. The mortality rate was 31.6% of all patients and 61.3% for proven / probable / possible IA indicating that the disease was significantly associated with the risk of death. According to these result indications and considering the high mortality rate caused by the development of IA, as well as the fact that early therapy promotes significant improvement in the patients’ prognosis, we conclude that the detection of galactomannan may be considered an effective method to aid the identification of IA.
KEY WORDS: Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis; neutropenia; enzyme-liked immunosorbent assay; ELISA test searching for Aspergillus; galactomannan.