bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stretchable Hydrogels with Low Hysteresis and High Fracture Toughness for Flexible Electronics
Authors: Guo Xiwei , Li Jie , Wang Jiaxin , Huang Lingqi , Cheng Guijuan , Zhang Qi , Zhu He , Zhang Mingyue , Zhu Shiping 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStretchable materials, especially hydrogels, are emerging in various fields recently. Many applications demand low hysteresis and high fracture toughness of the materials to be used under dynamic mechanical loads. Herein, the authors report a hydrogel with high fracture toughness and low hysteresis through using a strong metal coordination bond and relatively high crosslinking density. This design allows the sacrificial bond to remain intact under normal operation, while fracturing to dissipate mechanical energy in the fracture zone to prevent propagation of the cracks. The obtained hydrogel exhibits a low hysteresis (≈1.5%) and a high fracture toughness (≈2,164 J m−2). Moreover, the hydrogel possesses a high fatigue threshold of ≈141 J m−2 and a reasonable conductivity. This study provides a worth‐adopted approach to synthesize hydrogels with low hysteresis and high fracture toughness.
Weak shoulder and arm sparing signs in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Hamada Yuichi , Kanbayashi Takamichi , Takahashi Kazusa , Kamiya Hisao , Kobayashi Shunsuke , Sonoo Masahiro 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsVarious signs of selective involvement have been reported in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In this study, we describe two new signs, “weak shoulder” and “arm sparing” signs.MethodsSubjects were retrospectively identified from our electrodiagnosis database. Medical Research Council scores of relevant muscles were evaluated. Weak shoulder was defined as the deltoid (Del) muscle being weaker than the biceps brachii (BB)/triceps brachii (TB) muscles; that is, Del was weaker than either or both of the muscles and no stronger than either. Arm sparing was defined as both Del and the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) being weaker than BB/TB. Sensitivities of these signs were compared with other signs of selective involvement. The specificities of these signs were investigated in patients with cervical spondylotic amyotrophy (CSA) and multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN).ResultsWe reviewed 130 patients with ALS, 64 patients with CSA, and 16 patients with MMN. The weak shoulder and the arm sparing signs were observed in 73% and 55% of patients with ALS, 44% and 2% of patients with CSA (93% and 0% of patients with proximal CSA), respectively, and no patients with MMN. The sensitivity of the weak shoulder was higher than with conventional signs, whereas that of the arm sparing sign showed no difference.DiscussionThe weak shoulder sign was highly sensitive in ALS, and was specific when compared with MMN. The arm sparing sign was highly specific for ALS. These two new signs are promising as clinical clues in the diagnosis of ALS.
A numerical model of VPS for offshore wind turbine monopiles based on hypoplastic theory
Authors: Xiao Yongjie , Ge Yijun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe current research on the penetration of offshore wind turbine monopiles primarily focuses on driving with a vibratory hammer, although there are several smaller studies that focus on the vibrating penetration mechanism. To further the body of research, this paper establishes a numerical model to calculate the vibration penetration speed (VPS) of an offshore wind turbine monopile that considers the soil plugging effect. In this model, a monopile is assumed to be a rigid body. The surrounding soil is divided into a series of circular cylinders of concentric axes. The shear stress at the external soil elements' interfaces and the soil's vertical stress at the monopile toe are calculated using the Gudehus–Bauer hypoplastic constitutive model. The VPS is obtained from the motion equation by compiling it in MATLAB R2012b. Finally, a finite element model is conducted to verify the results, showcasing the rationality of the proposed model. Parameter analyses are also conducted to study the influences of the soil void ratio, soil internal friction angle, vibration frequency, ratio of static load to dynamic load, and monopile diameter on VPS.
Improvement in bioavailability of curcumin within the castor‐oil based polyurethane nanocomposite through its conjugation on the surface of graphene oxide nanosheets
Authors: Mohammadi Abbas , Hosseinipour Mahdieh , Abdolvand Hossein , Najafabadi Seyed Ahmad Ayati , Sahraneshin Samani Fazel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecently biocompatible polyurethane (PU) films, made from renewable bioactive compounds have been introduced as a feasible option to accelerate wound healing process. In this work, graphene oxide (GO) nanostructures were applied as a practical nanocarrier system to enhance the bioavailability of curcumin within castor‐oil based PU elastomer nanocomposites. Successfully modification of GO nanosheets with curcumin (C‐GO) were confirmed by FT‐IR, XRD, TGA, Raman spectroscopy, and FE‐SEM microscopy techniques. FE‐SEM images demonstrated a good dispersion quality of C‐GO nanosheets in the PU matrix, demonstrating the enhanced bioavailability of curcumin. Based on XRD diffractograms, PU/C‐GO nanocomposite showed a lower crystallinity and microphase‐separation degree compared to blank PU sample. This finding is probably originated from the amphiphilic properties of C‐GO which provides possibility of good interactions with hard and soft domains in PU backbone. Moreover, compared to PU/GO nanocomposite, the surface modification of GO with curcumin increased the tensile strength and Young's modulus of PU/C‐GO nanocomposite to 4.92 and 44.49 MPa, respectively. The in vitro MTT assay revealed a significant viability for L929 fibroblast cells in exposure with PU/C‐GO film. Besides, the results of in vivo wound healing evaluation on the mouse model indicated that the PU/C‐GO sample could accelerate the healing rate by promoting the proliferation and re‐epithelialization of fibroblast cells in the wound site. Thus, it is suggested that the PU/C‐GO nanocomposite film may has a potential and promising application as a wound dressing.
Metal inserts for performance improvement in glass fiber‐reinforced polymer nanocomposite joints under accelerated aging conditions
Authors: Singh Kulwinder , Kumar Mohit , Saini Jaswinder Singh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the present work, the accelerated aging of glass/epoxy composite bolted joints was carried out for performance evaluation. The woven glass fiber was used as reinforcement and an optimum wt% of nanoclay as filler was used to counter the accelerated aging attack. The bolted joint specimen and its testing fixture were designed as per ASTM D5961 considering width to hole diameter ratio (W/D) and edge to hole diameter ratio (E/D) as 6 and 5, respectively. The specimens were tested with and without the metal inserts. The specimens were given a cyclic exposure of 8 h of ultraviolet radiation (at 60°C) followed by 4 h of condensation (at 50°C), for a maximum of 500 h. The bolt torque of 0, 2, and 4 Nm were used for the failure analysis of the joint. The metal insert and nanoclay particles proved to be positive contributors for the performance of bolted joints under accelerated aging conditions.
Qualitative study on the effects of hydroxyl functionalized multiwall carbon nanotube and silica doped‐epoxy composites
Authors: Yasaroglu Inci , Aras Omur , Kaya Yunus 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEpoxy resins have great potential for industrial applications because of their excellent properties such as good adhesion, durability, higher strength, and so forth. But, their high‐viscosity limits industrial usage. Reducing the viscosity with suitable diluents provides an advantage on industrial scale processing, but this also causes a decrease in their chemical and mechanical properties. The production of epoxy‐based composite materials provides good mechanical, heat, and solvent resistance properties. Therefore, determination of additives amount and dilution ratio for specific working area are important for these materials. In this context, this study first includes synthesis of bisphenol A‐based epoxy resin and characterization with fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Second, chemical, mechanical, thermal, and surface properties of the resin were investigated by varying the reactive/nonreactive diluents and additives. Multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT‐modified with triton X‐405 nonionic surfactant) and fumed silica as additives were used in this study. Mechanical and chemical tests were applied to 49 types of materials. In order to see the significance levels and synergistic effects of diluents on tensile strength, 3D graphs were obtained with the experimental and modeled data. ANOVA was also performed for significance levels of the diluents. After that, the effects of silica and carbon nanotube additive on tensile strength were investigated. As a result of the tensile test and TGA analysis of the pure epoxy, the ultimate tensile strength was measured as 59.07 MPa, Tg (°C), and Tm (°C) values were found as 175.5 and 304.0°C. These results increased for the nanocomposite material prepared with 2% fumed silica and 0.1% MWCNT (modified YAM) as 81.64 MPa, 192.2 and 333.3°C. It was also shown that the ultimate tensile strength, which decreased with dilution of pure epoxy, could be increased significantly with the additives.
High‐performance thermal insulator based on polymer foam and silica xerogel
Authors: Chen Xiao Yuan , Nagamine Shinsuke , Ohshima Masahiro , Rodrigue Denis 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this work, methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) was used as a precursor, n‐hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a surfactant, and EtOH/H2O as a co‐solvent, while 10 mM HCl and urea were used as acid and base catalysts to prepare silica xerogels and xerogel inside the cells of a polyethylene (PE) foam via a sol–gel process combined with ambient pressure drying. The xerogels and PE‐silica xerogel foams were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method (BET), and thermal conductivity. The results indicate that the xerogels have a three‐dimensional nanoporous structure, and the specific surface areas of the SiO2 xerogel and PE‐xerogel foam are 536 and 377 m2/g, respectively. The PE‐xerogel foam exhibited very low thermal conductivity (22–24 mW/m.K) compared with conventional insulation materials on the market (30–50 mW/m.K). The thermal insulation properties of PE‐silica xerogels were increased by 45% and 49% compared with neat PE foam. Additionally, the compressive modulus and density of the PE‐xerogel foam was increased by the presence of the silica xerogel. These PE‐xerogel foams are believed to be excellent candidates for thermal insulation applications in terms of cost/performance.
Organobase/urea catalyzed ring opening polymerization of 3‐methyl‐1, 4‐dioxan‐2‐one to prepare chemically recyclable poly(ether ester)
Authors: Li Kai , Li Zheng , Duan Shiwei , Shen Yong , Li Zhibo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIt is greatly desirable to develop degradable polymers from easily accessible chemicals. In addition to well‐known degradable aliphatic polyesters, poly(ether‐ester) prepared from 1, 4‐dioxan‐2‐one with perfectly alternative ether and ester bonds is a new type of degradable polymer. Due to the low strain of six‐membered 1, 4‐dioxan‐2‐one ring, it remains a challenge to realize the effective and controllable ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of 1, 4‐dioxan‐2‐one derived monomers despite several catalysts have been attempted. In recent years, the combination of organobase/(thio)urea binary catalytic system has displayed great activity and versatility in the ROP of cyclic esters. Herein, we studied the ROP of 3‐methyl‐1, 4‐dioxan‐2‐one (MDO) using the combinations of various organobases and ureas as catalysts at relatively low temperature. We found that 1, 8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU)/urea pair showed great overall performance in the ROP of MDO, achieving monomer conversion up to 82% within 7 h at −40 °C. Notably, DBU/urea binary catalytic system achieved higher catalytic activity as well as better control over molecular weights and molecular weight distributions compared to previously reported catalysts. The obtained PMDO can completely depolymerize to recover MDO monomer by simple thermolysis, thus established a close‐loop life cycle.
Erb‐(IL10)2 induces abscopal antitumor effects of radiotherapy through the activation and recruitment of lymph node CD8+ T cells
Authors: Yao Yimin , Qi Ziwei , Zhu Qingqing , Zhao Qi , Zhang Zheng , Fu Shilong , Zhou Liyao , Zhu Jiaxing , Liu Zhenhua , Xu Haiyan , Huang Yuhui , Xue Jiao , Qin Songbing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveAlthough radiotherapy (RT) has been widely used in cancer treatment, it provides limited benefits in patients with metastatic cancers due to rare abscopal antitumor effects. Recent progress in cancer immunotherapy provides a potential new strategy to boost the abscopal antitumor effects of RT.MethodsWe fused interleukin 10 (IL10) dimer onto the anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor antibody cetuximab (Erbitux) to form a new bispecific protein Erb‐(IL10)2. The antitumor effect and biological activity of Erb‐(IL10)2 were measured in the B16‐EGFR‐OVA tumor model. In vivo cell depletion and flow cytometry analyses were used to assess the mechanism of antitumor effects.ResultsErb‐(IL10)2 treatment alone showed modest tumor growth inhibition, while local single dose RT (10 Gy) retarded irradiated tumor growth without affecting the growth of nonirradiated tumors. Notably, the combination therapy of RT and Erb‐(IL10)2 not only additively inhibited irradiated tumor growth but also induced abscopal antitumor responses. In vivo depletion of CD8+ T cells abrogated the combinational antitumor effects, while blocking lymphocyte trafficking through FTY720 treatment abolished the abscopal antitumor responses without affecting the antitumor effects on the irradiated tumor sites.ConclusionThis study provides evidence for the radiosensitive role of Erb‐(IL10)2 in the B16‐EGFR‐OVA tumor model. Our findings suggest a novel strategy to elicit the abscopal antitumor effects of RT by combining tumor‐targeted therapy with IL10.
V101I and R81T mutations in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor β1 subunit are associated with neonicotinoid resistance in Myzus persicae
Authors: Xu Xiao , Ding Qian , Wang Xiu , Wang Ruijie , Ullah Farman , Gao Xiwu , Song Dunlun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe peach‐potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a major pest worldwide. The intensive use of insecticides has led to the development of resistance against neonicotinoid insecticides. The R81T mutation in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) beta1 subunit is considered a crucial mechanism adaptation to neonicotinoid resistance in M. persicae and Aphis gossypii.RESULTSResistance‐related mutations (R81T and V101I) were detected in the imidacloprid‐resistant M. persicae AH19 population. The V101I mutation is reported for the first time. The V101I and R81T mutations existed separately, indicating that the two mutations evolved independently. Imidacloprid resistance in the AH19 population was stable without insecticide exposure. Four mutant strains were selected from the population with stable resistance. The resistance of the AH19‐T, AH19‐I, and AH19‐TI strains to imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and dinotefuran was significantly increased compared with the AH19‐W strain. Synergism bioassays showed that the inhibition of three detoxification enzymes did not affect imidacloprid resistance in the AH19‐T and AH19‐I strains. Expression of nAChR β1 subunits in the AH19‐W, AH19‐T, and AH19‐I strains remained unchanged.CONCLUSIONThe V101I mutation is associated with neonicotinoid resistance in M. persicae. The resistance of the AH19‐T and AH19‐I strains to neonicotinoids appears to be mainly due to the R81T and V101I mutations, whereas these mutations, together with changes in the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and nAChR expression may be responsible for the development of neonicotinoid resistance in the AH19‐TI strain. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
A systematic review of robotic surgery: From supervised paradigms to fully autonomous robotic approaches
Authors: Han Jinpei , Davids Joseph , Ashrafian Hutan , Darzi Ara , Elson Daniel S. , Sodergren Mikael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundFrom traditional open surgery to laparoscopic surgery and robot‐assisted surgery, advances in robotics, machine learning, and imaging are pushing the surgical approach to‐wards better clinical outcomes. Pre‐clinical and clinical evidence suggests that automation may standardise techniques, increase efficiency, and reduce clinical complications.MethodsA PRISMA‐guided search was conducted across PubMed and OVID.ResultsOf the 89 screened articles, 51 met the inclusion criteria, with 10 included in the final review. Automatic data segmentation, trajectory planning, intra‐operative registration, trajectory drilling, and soft tissue robotic surgery were discussed.ConclusionAlthough automated surgical systems remain conceptual, several research groups have developed supervised autonomous robotic surgical systems with increasing consideration for ethico‐legal issues for automation. Automation paves the way for precision surgery and improved safety and opens new possibilities for deploying more robust artificial intelligence models, better imaging modalities and robotics to improve clinical outcomes.
Building knowledge by mapping model uncertainty in six studies of social and financial performance
Authors: Berchicci Luca , King Andrew A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryMany scholars bemoan the difficulty of learning from individual research reports. Replication is often prescribed as a salve, but few replications are conducted, and even fewer allow the formation of a coherent understanding. In this article, we propose a complement to replication that emphasizes the mapping of epistemic uncertainties. We demonstrate our approach by exploring the results of six related studies on the link between social and financial performance. We show that our method allows the synthesis of seemingly conflicting findings, and we propose that it should be used proactively, prior to replication, to speed the growth of knowledge.Managerial SummaryAny single empirical study provides a weak basis for inference. As a result, scholars advocate repeated analysis of important issues, but evidence from replications can be hard to integrate into a coherent understanding. For example, six important studies of the link between corporate social and financial performance have been published in this journal, but their conflicting results have defied integration. We show that a new approach to empirical research allows their reconciliation: all six suggest that across firms, social and financial performance are correlated but that improvements in social performance seldom precede increased financial performance.
Predicting the uniaxial compressive strength of oil palm shell lightweight aggregate concrete using artificial intelligence‐based algorithms
Authors: Zhu Weixiang , Huang Lihua , Mao Liudan , Esmaeili‐Falak Mahzad 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBecause natural coarse aggregates were depleting rapidly, concrete industry has been trended toward substitute aggregates from industrial by‐products or waste. One of the waste materials is oil palm ash (OPS), which is widely generated in the processing of palm oil in the tropics. Concretes made with OPS to estimate the compressive strength (CS) is cost and time consuming. This study aims to propose novel hybrid models by concepts of extreme gradient boosting (XGB) model optimized with different optimization algorithms such as sine–cosine algorithm, multiverse optimization algorithm (MVO), and particle swarm optimization for predicting the uniaxial CS (UCS) of oil palm shell lightweight aggregate concrete (OPS). Also, the multivariate adaptive regression spline model is also developed to present a meaningful relationship between input and output variables. To this aim, a data set containing data samples for concrete made with OPS was gathered from the published literature. Results show that all models have acceptable performance in predicting the UCS, representing the admissible correlation between observed and predicted values and models' robustness. In the training step, the value of , the root mean square error, and the variance accounted factor for MVO–XGB are 0.9713, 1.5777, and 97.129. These values in testing phase are 0.9019, 2.6786, and 89.158. Therefore, the MVO–XGB model outperforms others, and the results demonstrate the ability of the MVO algorithm to determine the optimal value of XGB parameters.
Recent Developments and Challenges of Vanadium Oxides (VxOy) Cathodes for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Tao , Han Qing , Xie Lingling , Yang Xinli , Zhu Limin , Cao Xiaoyu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe rapid depletion of lithium resources and the increasing demand for electrical energy storage have stimulated the pursuit of emerging electrochemical energy storage. Aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) are highly sought after for their low cost, high safety, and increased environmental compatibility. However, the search for suitable cathode materials is still tricky for a wide range of researchers. Vanadium oxides (VxOy), with their abundant vanadium valence, easily deformable V−O polyhedrons, and tunable chemical compositions, are of significant advantage in developing emerging materials. This work provides a detailed review of different VxOy for the application in aqueous ZIBs. The current problems and optimization strategies of VxOy cathode materials are systematically discussed. Finally, the current challenges and possible directions for future research of VxOy cathode materials in aqueous ZIBs are presented.
Recent Advances in Lewis Base‐Catalysed Chemo‐, Diastereo‐ and Enantiodivergent Reactions of Electron‐Deficient Olefins and Alkynes
Authors: Meng Yinggao , Chen Lihui , Li Er‐Qing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLewis base catalysis provides powerful synthetic strategies for the selective construction of carbon‐carbon and carbon‐heteroatom bonds. Thus continuous efforts have been deployed to develop effective methodologies involving Lewis base catalysis. The nucleophilicity and steric hindrance of Lewis base catalyst often plays a major role in catalytic reactivity and selectivity in the reaction. In the past decades, tremendous progress has been made in the divergent construction of valuable motifs under Lewis base catalysis. In this review, we provide a comprehensive and updated summary of Lewis base‐catalysed chemo‐, diastereo‐ and enantiodivergent reaction, as well as the related mechanism will be highlighted in detail.