bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Market Strategies for Promotion of Millets: A Critical Analysis on Assessment of Market Potential of Ready to Eat (RTE) and Ready to Cook (RTC) Millet Based Products in Hyderabad
Authors: Pravallika D. R. , Rao B. Dayakar , Seema . , Chary D. Srinivasa , Devi N. Sri 
Published: February 2021

Aim: To understand the millet product features influencing consumers buying behavior and to analyze the market potential for Ready to Eat (RTE) and Ready to Cook (RTC) millet-based products in Hyderabad.
Study Design: Experimental Design.
Place and Duration of Study: 6 months, Hyderabad.
Methodology: It attained the objective of analyzing market potential of millets (RTE and RTC) and also to determine the product features influencing consumer buying behavior, for which 120 consumers and 30 dealers of millets were interviewed through structured questionnaires. The results revealed that the majority of the sampled consumers are already acquainted with the consumption of finger millet, sorghum and pearl millet mostly during the Breakfast, Dinner and Lunch hours. Frequency of consumption was found to be more as both RTE and RTC forms, (46%), followed by staple grains (29%), only RTC (13%) and RTE (12%). Among all the influencing factors ‘price’ holds first rank followed by taste (second), brand(third), promotional offers(fourth) and packaging(fifth). Application of one sample t-test was done which presents that the average monthly expenses on millets were ≥ Rs.250. From the dealers’ data, it was revealed that the average price per unit for RTE is Rs.90 for the sampled millet products which were higher than that of RTC, (Rs.79.06) and grain form (Rs.77.77). By conducting a comparative analysis between the annual expenses of the consumer sample and the annual sales of the dealer sample it was found that the market has a huge potential which can still be penetrated and explored to build a lucrative market for millets in future.
In vitro Evaluation of the Fungicidal Potential of Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts of Thevetia peruviana on the Development of Rigidoporus lignosus, Causal Agent of White Root rot of Hevea brasiliensis
Authors: Mboussi Serge Bertrand , Heu Alain , Nsangou Abdou Nourou Kone , Ajebe Martial Douanla , Ntsefong Godswill Ntsomboh , Dooh Jules Patrice Ngoh , Ambang Zachée 
Published: February 2021

Aims: The objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of (aqueous (EAq) and methanolic (ME)) extracts of Thevetia peruviana on the in vitro development of Rigidoporus lignosus.
Study Design: A synthetic fungicide (Onazol 100), two extracts at differents concentrations: C1 = 3.5 mg / ml; C2 = 7 mg / ml; C3 = 15 mg / ml; C4 = 30 mg / ml; C5 = 50 mg / ml and C6 = 100 mg / ml for EAq; C1 = 3.5 ml/ml; C2 = 7 ml/ml; C3 = 15 ml/ml; C4 = 30 ml/ml; C5 = 50 ml/ml for ME and a negative control (T = 0 mg / ml) were used.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in pathology laboratory at University of Yaounde I and IRAD of Nkolbisson in 2018.
Methodology: Daily measurements of the pathogen's development was used to evaluate the average growth (D) of the mycelium. The inhibition percentages of the different doses of EAq, ME and ONAZOL 100 were calculated after 4 to 5 days of growth of the fungus.
Results: The major result obtained compared to the rate of rot showed that the treatments EAq, ME (C6) and ONAZOL 100 were closed. The disease rates at different concentrations of C1 to C6 were 13.91 to 100% for ME, 9.34 to 100% for EAq, and 100% for ONAZOL 100.
Conclusion: The two extracts are promising, and on small and medium scale, could be an effective and cheap formulation for the control of Rigidoporus lignosus.
Reforçar a identidade e a autoridade: as casas de courás libertos em Vila Rica e Mariana no século XVIII
Authors: De Castro Maia Moacir Rodrigo 
Published: February 2021

<p>O artigo acompanha um grupo de libertos africanos, nomeado nas fontes portuguesas como courás, couranos ou variantes, para entender como constituíram suas casas em dois importantes núcleos urbanos da capitania de Minas Gerais ao longo do século XVIII. A economia do ouro possibilitou uma significativa posse de trabalhadores escravos para alguns desses senhores negros. O estudo desvenda a origem desses escravizados e como muitos desses lares mantiveram uma estreita relação com o passado africano desse grupo. De forma comparativa e também conectada, percebeu-se como as duas povoações vizinhas possuíam grupos de africanos forros que, além da alforria, adquiriram bens: casas, estabelecimentos comerciais, minas de ouro e, principalmente, trabalhadores escravos da mesma identidade étnica.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave: </strong>diáspora africana | libertos | escravidão | identidade étnica | posse escravista.</p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Abstract:</em></strong></p><p><em>This article discusses a group of freed African people identified in Portuguese sources as Courás or Couranos, seeking to understand how they formed their homes in two important urban centers of the Captaincy of Minas Gerais during the eighteenth century. The gold-mining economy facilitated the acquisition of significant numbers of enslaved laborers by black masters. The study examines the origin of these enslaved people and the way in which many of these households maintained a close relationship with their African past. Usinga comparative and connected approach, this paper shows that in both of the two neighboring towns there were enclaves of freed Africans who, in addition to obtaining manumission, also acquired various forms of property, including houses, commercial establishments, gold mines and especially, enslaved people of the same ethnic identity</em>.</p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong>african diaspora | african freed people | slavery | ethnic identity | slave ownership.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>
História ambiental de comunidades mocambeiras na Amazônia durante a escravidão e o pós-abolição
Authors: Neto José Maia Bezerra 
Published: February 2021

<p>Resenha de:<br />DE LA TORRE, Oscar. <em>The People of the River: Nature and Identity in Black Amazonia, 1835-1945</em>. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2018. 238 p.</p>
REMOÇÃO DE MATÉRIA ORGÂNICA E NITROGÊNIO EM REATOR HÍBRIDO ANAERÓBIO/AERÓBIO/ANÓXICO OPERADO EM BATELADAS SEQUENCIAIS
Authors: Callado Nelia Henriques , Chagas Heitor Carvalho de Almeida , Damianovic Marcia Helena Rissato Zamariolli 
Published: February 2021

<p class="Default">O crescimento urbano, sem o acompanhamento de sistema de esgotamento sanitário, induz a uma tendência de descentralização de estações de tratamento de efluentes (ETEs), visando à remoção não só de matéria orgânica carbonácea, mas também a remoção/recuperação de nutrientes. O nitrogênio, além de causar problemas de eutrofização em corpos de água, pode levar à contaminação de águas superficiais e subterrâneas por nitrato, cuja ingestão está associada a efeitos adversos à saúde. Este trabalho apresenta e discute o desempenho de um Reator em Bateladas Sequenciais (RSB), tratando esgoto sanitário, em escala de bancada, operando com ciclos de 24 horas, a fim de remover matéria orgânica e nitrogênio, tendo a fase de reação submetida a períodos anaeróbio, aeróbio e anóxico, com o intuito de avaliar o potencial de incorporação desta tecnologia como opção no tratamento descentralizado de esgotos em empreendimentos residenciais e comerciais. Os resultados mostraram um rápido estabelecimento de eficiência conjunta de remoção de DQO de 70% e de nitrogênio de 42%, mesmo sem utilizar fonte externa de carbono. Conclui-se que o RSB se apresenta como uma alternativa atraente para aplicação no meio urbano, minimizando os impactos de lançamento dos esgotos no solo, nos sistemas urbanos de drenagem, em corpos de água, bem como atende os padrões ambientais de lançamento.</p><p class="Default"> </p><p class="Body" align="center">REMOVAL OF ORGANIC MATTER AND NITROGEN IN ANAEROBIC/ANOXIC HYBRID REACTOR OPERATED ON SEQUENTIAL BATCHES</p><p class="Default">Urban growth without the accompaniment of a sewage system leads to a trend towards decentralization of effluent treatment stations (ETEs), aiming at the removal not only of carbonaceous organic matter, but also the removal / recovery of nutrients. Nitrogen, in addition to causing eutrophication problems in bodies of water, can lead to contamination of surface and groundwater by nitrate, the intake of which is associated with adverse health effects. This work presents and discusses the performance of a Sequential Batch Reactor (RSB), treating sanitary sewage, on a bench scale operating with 24-hour cycles, aiming at the removal of organic matter and nitrogen, with the reaction phase submitted to anaerobic periods, aerobic and anoxic, in order to evaluate the potential of incorporating this technology as an option in the decentralized treatment of sewage in residential and commercial enterprises. The results showed a rapid establishment of joint efficiency in removing COD of 70% and nitrogen of 42%, even without using an external carbon source. It is concluded that the RSB presents itself as an attractive alternative for application in the urban environment, minimizing the impacts of the discharge of sewers in the soil, in the urban drainage systems, in bodies of water and meeting the environmental standards of release.</p>
Milliscale Substrate Curvature Promotes Myoblast Self‐Organization and Differentiation
Authors: Connon Che J. , Gouveia Ricardo M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBiological tissues comprise complex structural environments known to influence cell behavior via multiple interdependent sensing and transduction mechanisms. Yet, and despite the predominantly nonplanar geometry of these environments, the impact of tissue‐size (milliscale) curvature on cell behavior is largely overlooked or underestimated. This study explores how concave, hemicylinder‐shaped surfaces 3–50 mm in diameter affect the migration, proliferation, orientation, and differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. Notably, these milliscale cues significantly affect cell responses compared with planar substrates, with myoblasts grown on surfaces 7.5–15 mm in diameter showing prevalent migration and alignment parallel to the curvature axis. Moreover, surfaces within this curvature range promote myoblast differentiation and the formation of denser, more compact tissues comprising highly oriented multinucleated myotubes. Based on the similarity of effects, it is further proposed that myoblast susceptibility to substrate curvature depends on mechanotransduction signaling. This model thus supports the notion that cellular responses to substrate curvature and compliance share the same molecular pathways and that control of cell behavior can be achieved via modulation of either individual parameter or in combination. This correlation is relevant for elucidating how muscle tissue forms and heals, as well as for designing better biomaterials and more appropriate cell–surface interfaces.
Poly(2,5‐Dihydroxy‐1,4‐Benzoquinonyl Sulfide) As an Efficient Cathode for High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc–Organic Batteries
Authors: Sun Tao , Li Zong‐Jun , Zhi Yong‐Feng , Huang Yin‐Juan , Fan Hong Jin , Zhang Qichun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAqueous rechargeable zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted considerable attention as a promising candidate for low‐cost and high‐safety electrochemical energy storage. However, the advancement of ZIBs is strongly hindered by the sluggish ionic diffusion and structural instability of inorganic metal oxide cathode materials during the Zn2+ insertion/extraction. To address these issues, a new organic host material, poly(2,5‐dihydroxy‐1,4‐benzoquinonyl sulfide) (PDBS), has been designed and applied for zinc ion storage due to its elastic structural factors (tunable space and soft lattice). The aqueous Zn‐organic batteries based on the PDBS cathode show outstanding cycling stability and rate capability. The coordination moieties (O and S) display the strong electron donor character during the discharging process and can act as the coordination arms to host Zn2+. Also, under the electrochemical environment, the malleable polymer structure of PDBS permits the rotation and bending of polymer chains to facilitate the insertion/extraction of Zn2+, manifesting the superiority and uniqueness of organic electrode materials in the polyvalent cation storage. Finally, quasi‐solid‐state batteries based on aqueous gel electrolyte demonstrate highly stable capacity under different bending conditions.
Graphdiyne Ultrathin Nanosheets for Efficient Water Splitting
Authors: Liu Yuxin , Xue Yurui , Yu Huidi , Hui Lan , Huang Bolong , Li Yuliang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGraphdiyne (GDY) is an emerging 2D carbon material that exhibits unusual structures and properties. Therefore, growing heterogeneous materials on the surface of GDY is very attractive to achieve efficient energy utilization. Here, a simple method for the controllable synthesis of ultrathin charge‐transfer complexes (CTs) of nickel with terephthalic acid nanosheets on GDY is reported. This catalyst shows record‐high oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity with an overpotential of only 155 mV to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in an alkaline electrolyte. Density functional theory calculations reveals that a strong p–d coupling effect in the GDY–CT interface region enhances the overall electronic activity, resulting in fast reversible redox‐switching with a low electron‐transfer barrier. Experimental characterization confirms that GDY plays a key role in modulating the morphological and electronic structures to accelerate the OER rate. These findings are expected to contribute to the design of more efficient catalysts for the realization of efficient hydrogen energy technologies.
Multishell Nanoparticles with “Linkage Mechanism” for Thermal Responsive Photodynamic and Gas Synergistic Therapy
Authors: Zhu Jiawei , Wang Weili , Wang Xiaorui , Zhong Liping , Song Xuejiao , Wang Wenjun , Zhao Yongxiang , Dong Xiaochen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe strategies of combining photodynamic therapy (PDT) with other therapeutics are considered to be the most suitable methods in improving the antitumor therapeutic efficiency. Herein, a “Linkage Mechanism” strategy based on thermal controllable multishell nanoparticles (CuS@SiO2‐l‐Arg (l‐arginine)@PCM (phase‐change material)‐Ce6 (chiorin e6)) is proposed for combing PDT and NO‐based gas therapy. Upon 1060 nm laser irradiation, the PCMs will melt under the photothermal effect induced by CuS and the loaded Ce6 and l‐Arg can accurately release from the nanoparticles. Under further 660 nm laser irradiation, the released Ce6 will produce plenty of singlet oxygen (1O2) for PDT, while the generated 1O2 can oxidize l‐Arg to release NO for the synergy of PDT and gas therapy. The “Linkage Mechanism” can achieve precise release of the payloads under the control of photothermal effect at tumor site, and the chain reaction of PDT and gas therapy overcomes the problem of premature release of gas during transportation. Benefiting from the guidance of fluorescence imaging and second near infrared photoacoustic imaging by Ce6 and CuS, both in vitro and in vivo experiments present effective antitumor efficiencies. The nanoparticles provide new ideas for controllable release of drugs and the synergistic effect of multiple treatments, possessing great application prospects.
Chlorinated Spiroconjugated Fused Extended Aromatics for Multifunctional Organic Electronics
Authors: Meng Dong , Wang Rui , Lin Janice B. , Yang Jonathan Lee , Nuryyeva Selbi , Lin Yu‐Che , Yuan Shuai , Wang Zhao‐Kui , Zhang Elizabeth , Xiao Chengyi , Zhu Danlei , Jiang Lang , Zhao Yepin , Li Zhenxing , Zhu Chenhui , Houk Kendall N. , Yang Yang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of a new molecule, SFIC‐Cl, is reported, which features enhanced π‐electron delocalization by spiroconjugation and narrowed bandgap by chlorination. SFIC‐Cl is integrated into a single‐crystal transistor (OFET) and organic light‐emitting diode (OLED). The material demonstrates remarkable transport abilities across various solution‐processed OFETs and retains efficient radiance in a near‐infrared OLED emitting light at 700 nm. Furthermore, the intermolecular multi‐dimensional connection of SFIC‐Cl enables the fabrication of a single‐component large‐area (2 × 2 cm2) near‐infrared OLED by spin‐coating. The SFIC‐Cl‐acceptor‐based solar cell shows excellent power conversion efficiency of 10.16% resulting from the broadened and strong absorption and well‐matched energy levels. The study demonstrates that chlorinated spiroconjugated fused systems offer a novel direction toward the development of high‐performance organic semiconductor materials for hybrid organic electronic devices.
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of cytotoxic activities of arylnaphthalene lignans and aza‐analogs
Authors: Ourhzif El‐Mahdi , Pâris Arnaud , Abrunhosa‐Thomas Isabelle , Ketatni El Mostafa , Chalard Pierre , Khouili Mostafa , Daniellou Richard , Troin Yves , Akssira Mohamed 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA concise and versatile synthetic strategy for the total synthesis of arylnaphthalene lignans and aza‐analogs was developed. The main objective was to develop synthetic tactics for the creation of the lactone and lactam unit that would give access to an array of synthetic, natural, and/or bioactive compounds through rather simple chemical manipulation. The flexibility and potentiality of these new processes were further illustrated by the total synthesis of retrojusticidin B (13b), justicidin C (14b), and methoxy‐vitedoamine A (22a). In this study, a series of novel aryl‐naphthalene lignans and aza‐analogs were synthesized, and the cytotoxic activities of all compounds on cancer cell growth were evaluated. The target compounds were structurally characterized by 1H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), 13C NMR, infrared, high‐resolution mass spectrometry, and X‐ray crystallography. The IC50 values of these compounds on five tumor cell lines (A549, HS683, MCF‐7, SK‐MEL‐28, and B16‐F1) were obtained by MTT (3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) colorimetric assay. Five of the compounds exhibited excellent activity compared to 5‐fluorouracil and etoposide against the five cell lines tested, with IC50 values ranging from 1 to 10 μM.
Ellis‐van Creveld syndrome novel pathogenic variant in the EVC2 gene a patient from Turkey
Authors: Öztürk Özden , Bağış Haydar , Bolu Semih , Çevik Muhammer Özgür 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEllis‐van Creveld syndrome 10‐year‐old Turkish girl and her parents were first degree cousins. A novel pathogenic variant (p.Glu1178Glyfs*82) was detected in the EVC2 gene in patient. She had no peg‐shaped teeth, multiple frenula, and limb shortness.
Tension orbit secondary to a carious primary molar—A case report
Authors: Jaisani Mehul R. , Dongol Ashok , Acharya Pradeep , Yadav Anjani Kr , Pasvan Chandrakant , Rai Siddhartha , Pande Rikta , Koirala Bandana , Shah Shankar , Lavaju Poonam , Laverick Sean 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThough rare, a pediatric dentist should have background knowledge of this kind of presentation which can greatly affect their patient's quality of life and leave them with a significant deficit at a very young age.
Azo compounds in the pharmaceutical context
Authors: Ducci Matthias 
Published: February 2021

Abstract5‐Aminosalicylsäure (5‐ASA) wird aufgrund seiner entzündungshemmenden Wirkung in Arzneimitteln gegen Darmerkrankungen, wie z. B. Morbus Crohn und Colitis ulcerosa, eingesetzt. In unveränderter Form ist diese Verbindung in magensaftresistenten Tabletten enthalten, um die frühzeitige Absorption und anschließende Metabolisierung zu verhindern. Eine andere Strategie wird mit dem Prodrug‐Konzept verfolgt: Hierzu wird 5‐ASA in Azosalicylsäure, eine stabile Verbindung ohne eigene biologische Aktivität, überführt. Diese Verbindung wird dann im Darm durch bakterielle Azoreduktasen in aktive 5‐ASA‐Moleküle gespalten. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird zunächst ein Blick auf die interessante Entwicklungsgeschichte von Azosalicylsäure geworfen. Anschließend werden umfangreiche Anregungen (Konzept, Experimente, Modelle) gegeben, auf welche Weise diese spannende und fächergreifende Thematik in den Chemieunterricht der Sek. II implementiert werden kann.
Scheduled macroeconomic news announcements and Forex volatility forecasting
Authors: Plíhal Tomáš 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the world of finance, the volatility of asset prices plays a crucial role, for example, in portfolio optimization or the valuation of derivatives. Macroeconomic news announcements are among the most important factors that influence volatility in financial markets. This paper focuses on the effect of scheduled macroeconomic news announcements on the realized volatility of the most traded currency pairs, EUR/USD, GBP/USD, and USD/JPY, from 2009 to 2017. Realized volatility is analysed on a daily basis, and it is also decomposed into continuous and jump components that are analysed separately. We focus on out‐of‐sample forecasting and provide strong evidence that scheduled macroeconomic news announcements play a statistically significant role in volatility models. Forecasting accuracy is improved by up to 12.4%. These results are important for future practical applications in various areas of finance.
Head and neck surgery global outreach: Ethics, planning, and impact
Authors: Luginbuhl Adam , Kahue Charissa N. , Stewart Matthew , Curry Joseph M. , Weed Donald , Zender Chad , Netterville James , Zafereo Mark 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundHead and neck surgical oncology and reconstruction are uniquely suited to address burdens of disease in underserved areas. Since these efforts are not well known in our specialty, we sought to understand global outreach throughout our society of surgeons.MethodsSurvey distributed to members of the American Head and Neck Surgery involved in international humanitarian head and neck surgical outreach trips.ResultsThirty surgeons reported an average of seven trips to over 70 destinations. Identification of candidates, finances, on‐site patient care, complications, long‐term post‐surgical care, ethics, and educational goals are reported. We report a success rate of 90% on 125 free flaps performed in these settings.ConclusionsThe effort to answer the call for alleviating the global burden of surgical disease is strong within our specialty. There is a shared focus on humanitarian effort and teaching. Ethics of high resource surgeries such as free flap reconstruction remains controversial.
Implementing voluntary assisted dying in Victoria, Australia
Authors: O'Connor Margaret , Mandel Catherine , Mewett Greg , Catford DCH John , McMaugh Jarrod 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper describes the process undertaken to implement voluntary assisted dying (VAD) in Victoria, Australia. While the Bill became law in December 2017, an 18‐month implementation period was allocated to anticipate the clinical complexities of how VAD would occur in various settings, requiring an exhaustive process to address the significant changes required of health services.Implementation involved detailed health planning, and the process included a large range of health practitioners and community members, keeping a close eye to the complementarity of the various pieces of work, as well as the many safeguards required.Written from the perspective of those involved in planning the implementation, it is hoped that articulating this Victorian experience will assist others. Implementation is a complex process and takes time; it must be broadly collaborative and reflective, to ensure both health professionals and community members understand the legislative changes, as well as the responses required.