bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal caffeine exposure: association with neurodevelopmental outcomes in 9‐ to 11‐year‐old children
Authors: Zhang Rui , Manza Peter , Volkow Nora D. 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundDespite the widespread use of caffeine including consumption during pregnancy, the effect of prenatal caffeine exposure on child brain development and behavior is unclear.MethodsTo address this, we used data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study (n = 11,875 children aged 9–11 years from 22 sites across the United States). We explored the associations between prenatal caffeine exposure and various developmental outcomes including birth outcomes, physical health, behavior problems, cognition, substance use and brain structure in children, and evaluated dose effects.ResultsAmong 9,978 children (4,745 females) who had valid data for prenatal caffeine exposure and whose mothers did not use drugs of abuse after knowing of pregnancy, 4,170 (41.79%) had no prenatal caffeine exposure, 2,292 (22.97%) had daily, 1,933 (19.37%) had weekly, and 1,583 (15.86%) had less than weekly exposures. Prenatal caffeine exposure including the widely recommended ‘safe’ dose was associated with greater externalizing problems, whereas greater BMI and soda consumption were only observed in children with high dose exposures (3+ per day). Notably, the effect size for association of externalizing problems with prenatal caffeine exposure was comparable with that reported for prenatal alcohol (The American Journal of Psychiatry, 177, 2020 and 1060) and prenatal cannabis (JAMA Psychiatry, 78, 2020 and 64) exposures from previous ABCD publications. Additionally, prenatal caffeine exposure was associated with brain structural changes that included greater posterior and lower frontal cortical thickness and altered parietooccipital sulcal depth.ConclusionsThe recommended ‘safe’ dose of caffeine during pregnancy should be carefully studied to assess whether the behavioral and brain correlates observed here are clinically relevant and determine whether it needs adjustment. Because of the high prevalence of caffeine use in the general population, studies on prenatal exposure to drugs of abuse should include prenatal caffeine use as a covariate.
Resectability of underwater endoscopic mucosal resection for duodenal tumor: A single‐center, retrospective pilot study
Authors: Toya Yosuke , Endo Masaki , Yamazato Masanao , Yamada Shun , Kumei Tomo , Hirai Minami , Eizuka Makoto , Morishita Toshifumi , Akasaka Risaburo , Yanai Shunichi , Uesugi Noriyuki , Sugai Tamotsu , Matsumoto Takayuki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and AimUnderwater endoscopic mucosal resection (U‐EMR) has been attracting much attention as treatment for patients with nonampullary duodenal epithelial tumors (NADETs). We aim to compare treatment outcomes, including submucosal resectability, between patients undergoing U‐EMR and conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (C‐EMR) for NADET.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of 38 patients with NADET treated by U‐EMR or C‐EMR. In the resected specimens, we measured the horizontal length, the vertical distance from the muscularis mucosa to the margin at the deepest site, and the overall submucosal area. The submucosal index (SMI) was defined as the overall submucosal area divided by the largest horizontal length. These values and other treatment outcomes were compared between NADETs resected by U‐EMR and C‐EMR.ResultsThe median size of lesions was 7 mm with a range of 3–13 mm. Although the incidence of adverse events and the rates of en bloc and R0 resection were not different in the two groups, the median procedure time was significantly shorter in the U‐EMR group (11 min vs 13 min; P = 0.045). The median submucosal depth at the deepest site (1.22 mm vs 1.08 mm; P = 0.38) and the median SMI (0.44 vs 0.41; P = 0.42) were not different between groups.ConclusionsThe resectability between NADETs treated by U‐EMR and C‐EMR was comparable. These results, together with the shorter procedure time required for U‐EMR, suggest that U‐EMR may have the potential to be the first choice for small to medium‐sized NADET.
The use of midazolam as an appetite stimulant and anxiolytic in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Herrod Jessica Ann , Avelino Janelle Arcey , Schonvisky Kayla Marie , Lynch Jessica Kay , Hutchinson Eric Kenneth , Izzi Jessica Marie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundFood avoidance secondary to disease or stress can lead to weight loss and rapid deterioration of clinical condition in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Currently, there are no data supporting the use of any pharmaceuticals as an appetite stimulant in this species; however, benzodiazepines are frequently used for this purpose in other species.MethodsSix marmosets were used in a crossover study design to evaluate the benzodiazepine midazolam as an appetite stimulant and anxiolytic. Total food intake (TFI) and latency to eat (LTE) were measured following administration of oral and injectable midazolam in non‐anxious and anxious states.ResultsInjectable midazolam increased TFI and decreased LTE in anxious marmosets, but had no effect in non‐anxious animals. Oral midazolam had no effect on appetite in either state.ConclusionsInjectable midazolam may be an effective treatment for anxiety‐induced inappetence in marmosets. Individual response to both oral and injectable midazolam may vary.
Midface 3D restoration with an innovative high G’ filler
Authors: Muti Gabriele F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn the evaluation of the facial aging, the midface certainly represents the part that undergoes the most modifications and in which the aging process is most evident. The filling and redefinition of this part are fundamental to modify the perception of the age of the face and create a global rejuvenation effect. In general, high G’ fillers with a deep implant are used to treat the midface, taking advantage of the high lifting capacity and persistence of the implant in place.MethodsWe report our experience in the treatment of 20 patients with a hyaluronic acid (HA) filler based on an innovative crosslinking technology (XTR™—eXcellent Tridimensional Reticulation) for midface treatment. GAIS (Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale) at 1 month and 3 months after treatment was evaluated as primary endpoint. Patient satisfaction with the overall appearance, repeatability of treatment, and also an instrumental evaluation of the improvement were performed.ResultsGlobal Aesthetic Improvement Scale and patient satisfaction were very good 1 month and 3 months after treatment. The majority of patients said they would undergo treatment again. Clinical results were confirmed by instrumental evaluation.ConclusionThe treatment of midface with this innovative HA high G’ filler is really effective in restoration of the volumes and in reshaping the curves of zygomatic area.
Fuzzy‐based method for efficient seismic performance evaluation of structures with uncertainty
Authors: Javidan Mohammad Mahdi , Kim Jinkoo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSeismic performance evaluation of a large inventory of old structures with no design document is a time‐consuming and costly task. In this research, a fuzzy‐based method and its toolbox are developed to efficiently approximate the seismic performance of structures with lack of structural information. The uncertain parameters are approximated as fuzzy numbers based on statistical studies on existing buildings, empirical formulas, alternative analysis methods, visual assessment, and design codes. The statistical database provided in this research can be valuable to make approximation for seismic performance of structures. The accuracy and applicability of the developed method are demonstrated using two real structures. Furthermore, the applicability of this study is demonstrated using the sensitivity and life‐cycle cost analysis of the case study structures. It is observed that the proposed method can approximate the seismic performance of a structure in a considerably short time with an acceptable trade‐off compared with more costly and time‐consuming site evaluations and detailed computations.
Neurodegenerative movement disorders: An epigenetics perspective and promise for the future
Authors: Murthy Megha , Cheng Yun Yung , Holton Janice L. , Bettencourt Conceição 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNeurodegenerative movement disorders (NMDs) are age‐dependent disorders that are characterised by the degeneration and loss of neurons, typically accompanied by pathological accumulation of different protein aggregates in the brain, which lead to motor symptoms. NMDs include Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, and Huntington's disease, among others. Epigenetic modifications are responsible for functional gene regulation during development, adult life and ageing and have progressively been implicated in complex diseases such as cancer and more recently in neurodegenerative diseases, such as NMDs. DNA methylation is by far the most widely studied epigenetic modification and consists of the reversible addition of a methyl group to the DNA without changing the DNA sequence. Although this research field is still in its infancy in relation to NMDs, an increasing number of studies point towards a role for DNA methylation in disease processes. This review addresses recent advances in epigenetic and epigenomic research in NMDs, with a focus on human brain DNA methylation studies. We discuss the current understanding of the DNA methylation changes underlying these disorders, the potential for use of these DNA modifications in peripheral tissues as biomarkers in early disease detection, classification and progression as well as a promising role in future disease management and therapy.
The Evolution of Geographic Thought
Authors: Wyly Elvin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe formal institutional entity we today call ‘Geography’ only exists because of nineteenth‐century struggles over the science, theology, and politics of human evolution. Old struggles continue even as today’s geographic thought evolves at an accelerating pace, amidst the dramatic transformations wrought by CRISPR gene‐editing technoscience and the consolidation of computational‐cultural forms of accumulation in surveillance capitalism. This paper explores some of the contradictions of these old and new processes in the evolution of geography and the geography of evolution. New, unconventional perspectives are possible with a synthesis of David Harvey’s theory of co‐evolutionary spheres of change in human and non‐human relations, Vine Deloria, Jr.’s analysis of Indigenous/Western settler‐colonial dialectics of space and time, and Pierre Teilhard de Chardin’s portrayal of a noösphere of planetary consciousness. On the advancing frontiers of the Delorian noösphere, humanity confronts a proliferation of neo‐Lamarckian challenges and opportunities to create new geographies of planetary evolution.
Time–temperature indicators versus temperature indicators for transfusion practice: Application in the real hospital setting
Authors: Park Mikyoung , Hur Mina , Kim Hanah , Oh Kyungmi , Ko Dae‐Hyun , Chung Yousun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTemperature indicators (TIs) are used to monitor the surface temperature of red blood cell (RBC) units. We compared the utility of a newly developed time–temperature indicator (TTI) prototype, Freshzone TTI (FZTTI) (Freshzone, Seoul, South Korea) and two US Food and Drug Administration–approved TIs, Safe‐T‐Vue 10 (STV10; Temptime Corporation, Morris Plains, NJ) and Blood Temp 10 (BT10; Timestrip UK Ltd, Cambridge, UK).Materials and MethodsFZTTI, STV10 and BT10 were attached to 91 RBC units after issue (including eight units that were stored in refrigerators in the ward before transfusion). The time for colour change (CC) was monitored based on the 30‐min rule. The CC of FZTTI indicated the total time elapsed since the temperature of RBC units exceeded 10°C, and the CC of STV10 and BT10 indicated that the temperature of RBC units exceeded 10°C.ResultsIn 83 units, the median time for CC differed significantly between FZTTI and the TIs (51.4 min in FZTTI vs. 13.9 min in STV10 and 10.5 min in BT10, both at p < 0.001). In addition, 95.2% (n = 79) of FZTTI tags changed colour after 30 min of issue, whereas 96.4% (n = 80) of STV10 and 98.8% (n = 82) of BT10 changed colour within 30 min of issue. In the eight units stored in refrigerators, the time for CC between the TTI and TIs was significantly different.ConclusionFZTTI outperformed the TIs, indicating that it is a feasible option for use in transfusion practice.
A 3-Dimensional Numerical Thermal Analysis for the Configuration Effect of a Single and Double U-tube on the Borehole Performance
Authors: Tarrad Ali H. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The thermal design of a borehole is the most important task in the thermal performance evaluation of a geothermal coupled heat pump system. It demands an understanding of the U-tube orientation and configuration in the borehole. The COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4 software was utilized in a 3-dimensional numerical simulation model to investigate the thermal performance of a single and double U-tube embedded in the borehole. The water was chosen as a thermal fluid carrier and circulated in the borehole heat exchanger at a mass flow rate range of (0.14–0.34) kg/s and inlet temperature of (33) °C. The configurations of the double U-tubes were assigned as a parallel flow in a cross U-tube arrangement (PFCD), a parallel flow in a parallel double U-tube in situ (PFPD), a series flow circuiting in a cross double U-tube geometry (SFCD), and a series flow in a parallel double U-tube installation (SFPD). The steady-state numerical solutions were compared at fixed borehole configuration and fixed operating conditions. Results showed that the (PFPD), (PFCD), and (SFPD) U-tube configurations have achieved a higher heat load than that of the single U-tube ones by (16–19) %, (13–16) %, and (15–18) % respectively. They produced a higher heat load than that of the series flow in a cross double U-tube (SFCD) arrangement by (30–31) %, (27–30) %, and (29–31) % for the (PFPD), (PFCD) and (SFPD) configurations respectively.
Maximizing Wind Turbine Efficiency by Using Soft Switching Multiple Model Predictive Control
Authors: Mehdizadeh Gavgani Babak , Farnam Arash , De Kooning Jeroen D. M. , Crevecoeur Guillaume 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Variable speed small to medium wind turbines need to cope with the intermittent nature of wind speed at lower altitudes. This imposes challenges on optimally tracking the maximum power point (MPP) during partial load and makes the wind turbine dynamics highly nonlinear. As a result, using one linear controller around a specific operating point may not guarantee acceptable performance in the other operating points. In addition, wind speed variations cause fluctuations in the output power of the turbine. The Soft Switching Multiple Model Predictive Control (SSMMPC) technique is introduced to tackle the latter problems when considering multiple linear models around various operating points (MPPs) approximating the nonlinear dynamics. The gap metric method is used to assess how close different linear models are with respect to each other. The closed loop system stability is validated using Lyapunov theory. The controller performance is investigated and compared with a bidirectional TSR-based controller through simulations using the FAST NREL 10kW wind turbine model. The results verify the improvements that can be attained by using SSMMPC in terms of higher maximum power point tracking quality, lower generator torque oscillations and smoother output power, consequently.
Feasibility Study of Refuelling Infrastructure for Compressed Hydrogen Gas Long-Haul Heavy-Duty Trucks in Canada
Authors: Yaïci Wahiba , Longo Michela 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In view of serious environmental problems occurring around the world and in particular climate change caused significantly by dangerous CO2 emissions into the biosphere in the developmental process, it has become imperative to identify alternative and cleaner sources of energy. It is now indisputable that there cannot be sustained development or meaningful growth without a commitment to preserve the environment. Compressed hydrogen is being considered as a potential fuel for heavy-duty applications because it will possibly substantially reduce toxic greenhouse gas emissions. The cost of hydrogen will be a main element in the acceptance of compressed hydrogen internal combustion vehicles in the marketplace since of its effect on the levelized cost of driving. The cost of hydrogen at the pump is determined by its production cost, which is mainly a function of the feedstock and process utilised, the distribution cost and the refuelling station cost.
This paper investigates the feasibility of implementing a nationwide network of hydrogen refuelling infrastructure in order to accommodate a conversion of Canada’s long-haul, heavy-duty truck fleet from diesel fuel to hydrogen. This initiative is taken in order to reduce vehicle emissions and support Canada’s commitments to the climate plans supporting active transportation infrastructure, together with new transit infrastructure, and zero emission vehicles.
Two methods, Constant Traffic and Variable Traffic, along with data about hydrogen infrastructure and vehicles, were developed to estimate fuelling requirements for Canada’s long-haul, heavy-duty truck fleet. Furthermore, a thorough economic study was conducted on various test cases to evaluate how diverse variables affects the final selling price of hydrogen. This provided insight with the understanding of what factors go into pricing hydrogen and if it can compete against diesel in the trucking market.
Results revealed that the cost to purchase hydrogen is the greatest factor in the pump price of hydrogen. Due to the variability in hydrogen production, however, there is no precise cost, which makes predictions difficult. Moreover, it was found that the pump price of hydrogen is, on average, 239% more expensive than diesel fuel.
Future work should concentrate on the costs and logistics of high-capacity hydrogen refuelling stations, which is required to deliver fuel to a fleet of long-haul, heavy-duty trucks. A breakdown of hydrogen production costs, with regard to the Canadian landscape and the requirements of a long-haul, heavy-duty truck fleet, may possibly give further accurate predictions of those made in this study.
Simulations of Solar Power Systems to Provide Electricity to a Model Water Desalination Plant in Floreana Island, Ecuador
Authors: Amoroso Fernando , Hidalgo-León Rubén , Litardo Jaqueline , Granja Alejandro , Calderón Jackeline , Siguenza-Alvarado Diego , Soriano Guillermo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This work shows the techno-economic comparison of the design of two solar photovoltaic systems: 1) on-grid (G-SPVS) and 2) off-grid (SPVS). Both schemes aim to supply electricity to a model water desalination plant located in Floreana Island, Ecuador. The annual load profiles and other operational details of the case study were previously obtained. For this research, a period of 15-years was analyzed. During this time, the maximum power of water pump system remained constant and represented the highest percentage of the electrical load, which changed each year influenced by the drinking water requirements of the population. Results from the HOMER PRO simulations showed that the SPVS produced higher surpluses of electricity. In contrast, the G-SPVS exhibited lower net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE).
Terrestrial Heat Repository for Months of Storage (THERMS): A Novel Radial Thermocline System
Authors: Ho Clifford K. , Gerstle Walter 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper describes a terrestrial thermocline storage system comprised of inexpensive rock, gravel, and/or sand-like materials to store high-temperature heat for days to months. The present system seeks to overcome past challenges of thermocline storage (cost and performance) by utilizing a confined radial-based thermocline storage system that can better control the flow and temperature distribution in a bed of porous materials with one or more layers or zones of different particle sizes, materials, and injection/extraction wells. Air is used as the heat-transfer fluid, and the storage bed can be heated or “trickle charged” by flowing hot air through multiple wells during periods of low electricity demand using electrical heating or heat from a solar thermal plant. This terrestrial-based storage system can provide low-cost, large-capacity energy storage for both high- (∼400–800°C) and low- (∼100–400°C) temperature applications. Bench-scale experiments were conducted, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed to verify models and improve understanding of relevant features and processes that impact the performance of the radial thermocline storage system. Sensitivity studies were performed using the CFD model to investigate the impact of the air flow rate, porosity, particle thermal conductivity, and air-to-particle heat-transfer coefficient on temperature profiles. A preliminary technoeconomic analysis was also performed to estimate the levelized cost of storage for different storage durations and discharging scenarios.
Heat Transfer Modeling in a Counter-Current Moving-Bed Tubular Reactor for High-Temperature Thermochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Huang Wei , Million Eric , Randhir Kelvin , Petrasch Joerg , Klausner James , AuYeung Nick , Li Like 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
An axisymmetric model coupling counter-current gas-solid flow, heat transfer, and thermochemical redox reactions in a moving-bed tubular reactor was developed. The counter-current flow enhances convective heat transfer and a low oxygen partial pressure environment is maintained for thermal reduction within the reaction zone by using oxygen depleted inlet gas. A similar concept can be used for the oxidation reactor which releases high-temperature heat that can be used for power generation or as process heat. The heat transfer model was validated with published results for packed bed reactors. After validation, the model was applied to simulate the moving-bed reactor performance, through which the effects of the main geometric parameters and operating conditions were studied to provide guidance for lab-scale reactor fabrication and testing.
Numerical Research on Heat Transfer Characteristics Analysis of Two Particles in Supercritical Water
Authors: Li Xiaoyu , Wu Zhenqun , Wang Huibo , Jin Hui 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the supercritical water (SCW)-particle two-phase flow of fluidized bed, the particles that make up the particle cluster interact with each other through fluid, and it will affect the flow and heat transfer. However, due to the complex properties of SCW, the research on particle cluster is lacking, especially in terms of heat transfer. This research takes two particles as an example to study the heat transfer characteristics between SCW and another particle when one particle exists. This research uses the distance and angle between the two particles as the influencing factors to study the average heat transfer rate and local heat transfer rate. In this research, it is found that the effect is obvious when L/D = 1.1. When L = 1.1D, the temperature field and the flow field will partially overlap. The overlap of the temperature field will weaken the heat transfer between SCW and the particle. The overlap of the flow field has an enhanced effect on the heat transfer between SCW and the particle. The heat transfer between SCW and particles is simultaneously affected by these two effects, especially local heat transfer rate. In addition, this research also found that as the SCW temperature decreases, the thermal conductivity and specific heat of SCW increases, which enhances the heat transfer between SCW and the particles. This research is of great significance for studying the heat transfer characteristics of SCW-particle two-phase flow in fluidized bed.