bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic variability of Edwardsiella piscicida isolates from Mississippi catfish aquaculture with an assessment of virulence in channel and channel × blue hybrid catfish
Authors: López‐Porras Adrián , Griffin Matt J. , Armwood Abigail R. , Camus Alvin C. , Waldbieser Geoffrey C. , Ware Cynthia , Richardson Bradley , Greenway Terrence E. , Rosser Thomas Graham , Aarattuthodiyil Suja , Wise David J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe bacterium Edwardsiella piscicida causes significant losses in global aquaculture, particularly channel (Ictalurus punctatus) × blue (I. furcatus) hybrid catfish cultured in the south‐eastern United States. Emergence of E. piscicida in hybrid catfish is worrisome given current industry trends towards increased hybrid production. The project objectives were to assess intraspecific genetic variability of E. piscicida isolates recovered from diseased channel and hybrid catfish in Mississippi; and determine virulence associations among genetic variants. Repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence‐based PCR (rep‐PCR) using ERIC I and II primers was used to screen 158 E. piscicida diagnostic case isolates. A subsample of 39 E. piscicida isolates, representing predominant rep‐PCR profiles, was further characterized using BOX and (GTG)5 rep‐PCR primers, virulence gene assessment and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) targeting housekeeping genes gyrb, pgi and phoU. The MLSA provided greater resolution than rep‐PCR, revealing 5 discrete phylogroups that correlated similarly with virulence gene profiles. Virulence assessments using E. piscicida representatives from each MLSA group resulted in 14‐day cumulative mortality ranging from 22% to 54% and 63 to 72% in channel and hybrid fingerlings, respectively. Across all phylogroups, mortality was higher in hybrid catfish (p < .05), supporting previous work indicating E. piscicida is an emerging threat to hybrid catfish aquaculture in the south‐eastern United States.
Coupling electronic nose with GC–MS improves flavor recognition and grade differentiation of Zhenjiang aromatic vinegar
Authors: Wang Li , Huang Xingyi , Wang Chengquan , Aheto Joshua Harrington , Chang Xianhui , Yu Shanshan , Zhang Xiaorui , Wang Yu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, the flavor volatile profiles of five grades of Zhenjiang aromatic vinegar (ZAV) were compared using a gas chromatography‐mass spectrometer (GC–MS) and electronic nose (E‐nose). A total of 55 volatile compounds were identified, with 14 volatile compounds, including furfural, acetic acid, tetramethylpyrazine, phenethyl acetate, and phenylethyl alcohol, being identified as the key volatile compounds causing significant differences between different grades of ZAV samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) analysis of E‐nose data revealed that the W5S, W1W, W2W, W1S, and W2S sensors with high signal intensity to all ZAV samples correctly categorized the five grades of ZAV samples. The correlation analysis results suggested that the response signal intensities of W5S, W1W, and W2W had significant positive correlations with the abundances of acetic acid, isobutyric acid, ethyl phenylacetate, 3‐hydroxy‐2‐butanone, 2,3‐butanedione, 2‐acetylfuran, etc., adding to the evidence that W5S, W1W, and W2W sensors were sensitive to nitrogen oxides, sulfur compounds, pyrazines, and aromatic components. Based on the findings, it is possible to conclude that E‐nose, in conjunction with chemometric pattern recognition methods, can be used to differentiate between different grades of ZAV based on volatile compounds.Practical ApplicationsDifferent grades of Zhenjiang aromatic vinegar (ZAV) were distinguished by physical and chemical detection of total acid, nonvolatile acid, amino acid nitrogen and other indicators. In order to simplify the detection work, this study was to establish a rapid and feasible method for achieving ZAV grades differentiation according to their flavor volatile compounds. PCA of E‐nose data showed that the five grades of ZAV samples were well classified by the W5S, W1W, W2W, W1S, and W2S sensors. The correlation analysis results suggested that the response signal intensities of W5S, W1W, and W2W had significant positive correlations with the abundances of acetic acid, isobutyric acid, ethyl phenylacetate, 3‐hydroxy‐2‐butanone, etc., which adds to the proof that W5S, W1W, and W2W sensors were sensitive to nitrogen oxides, sulfur compounds, pyrazines and aromatic components. Therefore, E‐nose can be used as a rapid and nondestructive testing tool for quality measurements of ZAV.
Small sizes, big strategies: the relationship between female size, matrotrophy and superfetation throughout the reproductive lives of poeciliid fishes
Authors: Saleh‐Subaie N. , Johnson J. B. , Zúñiga‐Vega J. J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn viviparous fishes, females of species that exhibit matrotrophy (post‐fertilization maternal provisioning to developing embryos) and superfetation (ability of females to bear simultaneously multiple broods of embryos at distinct developmental stages) increase less in mass and volume during pregnancy than females of species that lack these traits. Such a reduction in reproductive allocation may provide greater benefits to young and small females for two reasons. First, they could devote energy and resources to both growth and reproduction. Second, they could compensate for the space restrictions that are inherent to a small body size because both superfetation and matrotrophy maximize fecundity for any given ovarian volume. In this study, we test the hypothesis that both matrotrophy and superfetation will decrease over female reproductive lifespan (i.e. as they grow larger). We examined reproductive females from 77 populations of 13 species of the family Poeciliidae. Remarkably, we found support for the matrotrophy prediction in only three populations. As expected, in these populations, small females were more matrotrophic than larger females, which in turn exhibited a predominantly lecithotrophic strategy. In one population, we found the opposite pattern—the degree of matrotrophy actually increased in larger females. With respect to superfetation, none of the populations showed a pattern consistent with our prediction. In fact, in five populations the pattern was opposite to our expectation—larger females produced more simultaneous broods than smaller females. Our findings reveal that the degree of matrotrophy and superfetation can vary throughout the adult lifespans of poeciliid fishes, but such ontogenetic shifts are not common in natural populations.
35 Years on the Road from Research to Practice: A Review of Studies on Four Content Enhancement Routines for Inclusive Subject‐Area Classes, Part I
Authors: Schumaker Jean Bragg , Fisher Joseph B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article is the first part of a two‐part article focusing on the 35‐year journey of a team of researchers as they navigated the research‐to‐practice road related to the development of the Content Enhancement Routines, instructional routines to be used during inclusive subject‐area instruction. Part I tells the story of the first half of that journey and highlights the original validation research studies that were conducted on four Content Enhancement Routines: the Concept Mastery Routine, the Concept Comparison Routine, the Concept Anchoring Routine, and the Question Exploration Routine. Each study utilizes some type of experimental research design to determine the effects of teachers’ use of the routine on the test performance of subgroups of secondary students within inclusive classes. The subgroups included students with disabilities and students without disabilities—high achievers, normal achievers, and low achievers. In all of the studies, the students who participated in the instructional routine earned significantly higher test scores than students who participated in a standard lecture/discussion lesson. Additionally, where significant differences were found, the performance of each subgroup of students that participated in the instructional routine was significantly higher than the performance of their paired subgroup that participated in the lecture/discussion lesson.
Discordant Pleistocene population size histories in a guild of hymenopteran parasitoids
Authors: Walton William , Stone Graham N. , Lohse Konrad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSignatures of past changes in population size have been detected in genome‐wide variation in many species. However, the causes of such demographic changes and the extent to which they are shared across co‐distributed species remain poorly understood. During Pleistocene glacial maxima, many temperate European species were confined to southern refugia. While vicariance and range expansion processes associated with glacial cycles have been widely documented, it is unclear whether refugial populations of co‐distributed species have experienced shared histories of population size change. We analyse whole‐genome sequence data to reconstruct and compare demographic histories during the Quaternary for Iberian refuge populations in a single ecological guild (seven species of chalcid parasitoid wasps associated with oak cynipid galls). For four of these species, we find support for large changes in effective population size (Ne) through the Pleistocene that coincide with major climate events. However, there is little evidence that the timing, direction and magnitude of demographic change are shared across species, suggesting that demographic histories in this guild are largely idiosyncratic, even at the scale of a single glacial refugium.
Polar bear‐adapted Ursidibacter maritimus are remarkably conserved after generations in captivity
Authors: Espinosa‐Gongora Carmen , Hansen Mie Johanne , Bertelsen Mads Frost , Bojesen Anders Miki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMost species in the bacterial family of Pasteurellaceae colonize one specific host species. Vertebrates of very different evolutionary descent including fish, turtles, marsupials, eutherians and birds are colonized by different members of Pasteurellaceae. This one‐to‐one microbial‐host species partnership makes Pasteurellaceae species valuable candidates to study biodiversity, bacterial‐host co‐evolution and host adaptation, and their widespread distribution across vertebrates provide the possibility to collect a wide array of data, where wildlife species are essential. However, obtaining samples from wild animals comes with logistic, technical and ethical challenges, and previous microbiota studies have led to the presumption that captive animals are poor models for microbial studies in wildlife. Here, we show that colonization of polar bears by Ursidibacter maritimus is unaffected by factors related to captivity, reflecting a deep symbiotic bond to the host. We argue that the study of ecological and evolutionary principles in captive wildlife is possible for host‐adapted taxa such as those in the Pasteurellaceae family. Moreover, studying captive, often trained animals protects wild populations from the stress associated with obtaining samples.
RNA N6‐methyladenosine modification suppresses replication of rice black streaked dwarf virus and is associated with virus persistence in its insect vector
Authors: Tian Shuping , Wu Nan , Zhang Lu , Wang Xifeng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractN6 methylation of adenosine (m6A) was recently discovered to play a role in regulating the life cycle of various viruses by modifying viral and host RNAs. However, different studies on m6A effects on the same or different viruses have revealed contradictory roles for m6A in the viral life cycle. In this study, we sought to define the role of m6A on infection by rice black streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV), a double‐stranded RNA virus, of its vector small brown planthopper (SBPH). Infection by RBSDV decreased the level of m6A in midgut cells of SBPHs. We then cloned two genes (LsMETTL3 and LsMETTL14) that encode m6A RNA methyltransferase in SBPHs. After interference with expression of the two genes, the titre of RBSDV in the midgut cells of SBPHs increased significantly, suggesting that m6A levels were negatively correlated with virus replication. More importantly, our results revealed that m6A modification might be the epigenetic mechanism that regulates RBSDV replication in its insect vector and maintains a certain virus threshold required for persistent transmission.
‘Something than which nothing greater can be thought’ and Kant'sEns Realissimum
Authors: Jackson Morgan Keith 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, I explore Kant's much-studied critique of the ontological argument, seeking to place Immanuel Kant and Anselm of Canterbury more directly in contact with one another; I do this in two ways. First, I discuss the historical reception of the ontological argument in Kant's eighteenth century context. Second, I move the discussion away from the firstCritique, and look towards Kant's Pre-critical discussion of the ontological argument inThe Only Possible Argument, where he initially sets out his primary objection. By shifting the focus towards these areas of Kant's thought, I aim to achieve three interrelated goals. First, I show that Kant had a limited knowledge of the history and origins of the ontological argument, which was transmitted to him through Leibniz, Wolff, and Baumgarten, who put a Cartesian spin on it. Second, I provide textual evidence which shows that Kant's objection does not succeed against Anselm's argument. Third, I elucidate that Kant's identification of God as theens realissimumis compatible with Anselm's identification of God as ‘something than which nothing greater can be thought’.
Analysis of the response to two pharmacological protocols in patients with oral lichen planus: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Polizzi Alessandro , Santonocito Simona , Lo Giudice Antonino , Alibrandi Angela , De Pasquale Rocco , Isola Gaetano 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of two different therapies on oral lichen planus (OLP) treatment through the analysis of OLP symptoms and signs and to analyze the risk of side effects related to the adopted protocols.MethodsThirty‐eight patients with OLP were selected according to van der Meij and van der Waal clinical and histopathological criteria. Through a randomized design, 19 patients received Tacrolimus 0.1% ointment (T group) and 19 an anti‐inflammatory mouthwash (M group) composed of calcium hydroxide 10%, hyaluronic acid 0.3%, umbelliferone, and oligomeric proanthocyanidins. The patients were examined on a regular basis for OLP symptoms, signs, and disease severity score changes over a 3‐month follow‐up period.ResultsBoth treatments were effective in the reduction of OLP signs and symptoms. However, at 3 months (T3), in comparison with the M group, T group patients showed significantly lower mean values of OLP signs (p = 0.035), symptoms (p = 0.045), and disease severity scores (p = 0.041). Moreover, the Spearman test showed that there was a significant correlation between OLP signs and symptoms at each follow‐up session in all patients.ConclusionsBoth treatments demonstrated a significant approach to control OLP. However, tacrolimus determined a more effective improvement in OLP signs and symptoms compared to anti‐inflammatory mouthwash at 3‐month follow‐up.
Improved Perioperative Sleep Quality or Quantity Reduces Pain after Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Shen Song‐po , Wang Ying‐jie , Zhang Qiang , Qiang Hua , Weng Xi‐sheng 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of improved perioperative sleep on pain, analgesic consumption, and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients who were undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA).MethodsOriginal studies published from 1 January 1970 to 30 September 2020 were queried in three unique databases using a common search term. The searches sought randomized controlled trials (RCT) investigating the effectiveness of sleep quality or quantity interventions for pain control early after TKA or THA. Grey literature was also searched by screening trial registers. There was no limitation on published language and patients. Two reviewers then assessed studies for eligibility. Eligible studies should have primary outcomes including perioperativeWe have comfirmed the edits. visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score and analgesic consumption; and secondary outcomes including side effects, such as PONV. Data extracted from the literature were abstracted into a comma‐separated database spreadsheet using Microsoft Excel. A meta‐analysis was then performed. Pooled statistics were calculated with weighting by inverse variance assuming a random effect model. I2 was calculated as a quantifier of heterogeneity and interpreted according to the Cochrane manual. All data analysis was performed using Revman software.ResultsFrom a total of 1285 potential records identified in the electronic search, six studies eventually fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The six controlled RCTs consisted of 207 patients in the sleep‐improving group and 209 patients in the control group. The severity of rest pain was significantly lower in the sleep‐improving group compared with the control group at day 1 and day 3 postoperatively; the severity of active pain was significantly lower in the sleep‐improving group compared with the control group at day 3 postoperatively. Data concerning analgesic drugs could not undergo a meta‐analysis due to the difference of eligible studies. No significant difference was found in the incidence of PONV between the sleep‐improving group and the control group.ConclusionImproved perioperative sleep, regardless of quality or quantity, could significantly reduce the pain level at the early stage after TKA or THA, thus the total amount of analgesic drugs consumed was decreased, without significant increase in the incidence of PONV.
Does bureaucratic representation enhance overall organizational accountability in policing?
Authors: Kang Seong C. , Chang Ahrum , Williams Brian N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMany representative bureaucracy studies examine outcomes in the context of passive and active representation, but relatively few have investigated the effects of passive representation on outcomes for the organization as a whole. To address this gap, we analyze data from a national law enforcement survey in the United States on formal citizen complaints regarding allegations of excessive use of physical force. This measure aligns with a three‐dimensional accountability framework consisting of information, discussion, and consequences. The analysis finds that greater representation in lower‐level leadership is positively associated with a higher percentage of sustained citizen allegations of use of force, while representation in upper leadership generates mixed findings. The results contribute to the literature by highlighting the differential effects of representation in multiple leadership positions and by providing implications for overall organizational accountability.
Longitudinal bidirectionality of emotion knowledge and inhibitory control in low‐income children using cross‐lagged panels
Authors: Farrell Carmen Brown , Gilpin Ansley Tullos 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnderstanding how to support children from low‐income families as they begin kindergarten is paramount, because they may have delays in developing cognitive and social skills in preschool, putting them at risk for poorer outcomes. Importantly, further research needs to be conducted on how specific constructs that relate to school readiness interact, such as inhibitory control (IC) and emotion knowledge (EK). Previous research has examined relations between IC and EK, but the directionality reported is inconsistent, and few studies have the longitudinal data necessary to assess the interaction fully. Thus, the present study (N = 539) aimed to expand previous research by assessing the directionality of the relationship over four time points using cross‐lagged panel models in a low‐income population. The results showed positive bidirectional relations between the two constructs from preschool to kindergarten, but not kindergarten to first grade, perhaps indicating a shift in these constructs’ interdependency to increased specificity. This study clarified the directionality of these related constructs from preschool into first grade, expanding previous research that focuses on this interaction primarily in the preschool years in samples of convenience. Implications for curricula and intervention for children from low‐income families are discussed.
A novel automated approach to rapid and precise in vivo measurement of hair morphometrics using a smartphone
Authors: Majd Ali , AlJasser Mohammed , Mirzaalian Hengameh , Shapiro Jerry , Hamarneh Ghassan , Lui Harvey , Santos Leopoldo Duailibe Nogueira , Chu Thomas , Lee Tim K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough many hair disorders can be readily diagnosed based on their clinical appearance, their progression and response to treatment are often difficult to monitor, particularly in quantitative terms. We introduce an innovative technique utilizing a smartphone and computerized image analysis to expeditiously and automatically measure and compute hair density and diameter in patients in real time.MethodsA smartphone equipped with a dermatoscope lens wirelessly transmits trichoscopy images to a computer for image processing. A black‐and‐white binary mask image representing hair and skin is produced, and the hairs are thinned into single‐pixel‐thick fiber skeletons. Further analysis based on these fibers allows morphometric characteristics such as hair shaft number and diameters to be computed rapidly. The hair‐bearing scalps of fifty participants were imaged to assess the precision of our automated smartphone‐based device in comparison with a specialized trichometry device for hair shaft density and diameter measurement. The precision and operation time of our technique relative to manual trichometry, which is commonly used by hair disorder specialists, is determined.ResultsAn equivalence test, based on two 1‐sided t tests, demonstrates statistical equivalence in hair density and diameter values between this automated technique and manual trichometry within a 20% margin. On average, this technique actively required 24 seconds of the clinician's time whereas manual trichometry necessitated 9.2 minutes.ConclusionAutomated smartphone‐based trichometry is a rapid, precise, and clinically feasible technique which can significantly facilitate the assessment and monitoring of hair loss. Its use could be easily integrated into clinical practice to improve standard trichoscopy.