bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Conceptual Framework for Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing
Authors: Mansfield Elaine 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A conceptual framework for a psychiatric-mental health nursing program gives direction for course content and becomes a rich source of hypotheses leading to development of theory. For this described framework tenets of humanistic theorists provide the philosophical base: Belief in the individual's responsibility, capacity and potential for growth; meaning of life; respect and dignity of the individual; and freedom of the individual for self-determination. Four major components comprise the framework: social systems and developmental theories, communication concepts, and self-esteem. Set in the nursing process schema, concepts from social systems and developmental theories are used in the assessment, concepts from communication theories are the basis for intervention, and changes in self-esteem become a measure of evaluation. The framework is applicable for individual clients, families, and/or groups. The nurse therapist is viewed in the same framework which may evolve into an intersystem model. Numerous research questions are suggested which may validate the relationships between the components of the framework.
"Mad" or "Bad"? Evaluating the Decision to Hospitalize SED Youth Using Qualitative Data
Authors: Smoyak Shirley A , Pressler Catherine M , Oppenheim Jen , Bruno Victoria 
Published: April 2021

This study examines variables associated with positive and negative hospitalization outcomes of seriously emotionally disturbed (SED) youth, and proposes that the context of the decision-making process that takes place before hospitalization plays a role in determining outcomes.
Qualitative data from 13 case histories were analyzed to determine the effects of hospitalization after a 2-year follow-up period. Several indicators that have predicted negative outcomes in earlier studies are supported here, including bizarre symptom patterns, educational impairment, and additional hospitalization during the follow-up period. There was agreement in fewer than half of the cases among research clinicians, the subject, or the subject's family regarding the outcome.
Findings demonstrate the advantages of qualitative methods in determining the manner in which definitions of mental health influence hospitalization outcomes, suggesting that mental health categories are not a priori categories in the subjects' or families' minds. The social context of the decision to hospitalize is found to be a contributing factor in hospitalization outcomes.
Effectiveness of a Training Program for ECT Nurses
Authors: Munday Jo , Deans Cecil , Little John 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a highly technical procedure requiring a team that consists of an anesthetist, a psychiatrist, a clinical nurse specialist, and recovery nurses. Traditionally, nursing education and training in the context of providing a safe and high standard of care has not been addressed. Ninety-two nurses from 42 different health agencies participated in a training program focusing on defibrillation, electrocardiogram (ECG) and electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring, intubation, stimulus dosing, setting up the ECT equipment, and caring for the patient.
A non-experimental, one-group, pretest-posttest research design was used in this study to evaluate the effectiveness of the training program for nurses working with ECT. Effective training for nurses was hypothesized to make a difference in the standards of practice and clinical effectiveness for patients undergoing ECT. Findings from this study indicated a major knowledge deficit in key components of ECT among nurses who have responsibilities in this area of nursing care. With effective training, nurses' confidence levels increased related to setting up the equipment, administering a double dose, helping with intubation, and using a defibrillator.
If nurses are to effectively function as team members in the ECT procedure, they must receive the training necessary to prepare them for this important role. The results of this study support the recommendation of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists that ECT nurses should be appropriately trained in anaesthetic and resuscitation techniques and modern ECT practice.
Physical Symptoms Comorbid With Depression and the New Antidepressant Duloxetine
Authors: Bailey Katharine P 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Most general descriptions of depression that date back to Hippocrates, including the DSM-IV, have listed gastrointestinal problems, sleep disturbances, headaches, appetite changes, and aches and pains of a diffuse nature as common features of the disorder. In addition, physical symptoms have a strong association with psychiatric disorders, and the presence of any physical symptom may increase the likelihood of a mood or anxiety disorder by two-fold or three-fold. A growing body of evidence suggests that serotonin and norepinephrine may share neurochemical mechanisms that tie depression and physical symptoms together. Both selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors alone and antidepressant agents that incorporate both serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition have shown evidence of relieving physical symptoms. Given the additional disease burden caused by physical symptoms in depression, it is vital that antidepressant agents that effectively treat the physical symptoms and chronic pain associated with depression be used.
Statement on Epikeratoplasty
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: April 2021

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF REFRACTIVE KERATOPLASTY
This paper is intended to provide a general summary of the current status of epikeratoplasty. It is not intended to resolve lingering controversies about the procedure, to provide standards of care of the community, or to serve as an informed consent document in patient care.
The Surgical Treatment of High Myopia: Comparison of Epikeratoplasty, Keratomileusis and Minus Power Anterior Chamber Lenses
Authors: Colin Joseph , Mimouni Fernand , Robinet Anne , Conrad Hervé , Mader Phlippe 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT: Seventy high myopic eyes (-8.00 to -28.00 diopters) with epikeratoplasty (n = 29), myopic non-freeze keratomileusis (n = 26) or minus power anterior chamber intraocular lenses in phakic eyes (n = 15) were operated by two surgeons and were evaluated retrospectively. Results are reported at the 6-month postoperative interval.
Eyes treated with epikeratoplasty had an average preoperative spherical equivalent of the cycloplegic refraction of -17.80 D (range -12.00 to -28.00 D). At 6 months, 66.6% of eyes were within 3 D of emmetropia and 7.4% of eyes had an uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or more. Average preoperative spectacle visual acuity was 20/50 (0.39); it was 20/50 (0.37) at both 6 and 24 months. Between 6 and 24 months, 32.2% of eyes had a change in refraction of 1.00 D or more. Two lenticules were removed.
Eyes treated with non-freeze keratomileusis had an average preoperative refraction of -10.0 D (range - 8 to - 15 D). At 6 months, 61.5% of eyes were within 3.00 D of emmetropia and 30.7% of eyes had an uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better. Average preoperative spectacle visual acuity was 20/30 (0.67), and 6 and 12 months afterward it was 20/30 - 20/40 (0.57) and 20/30 (0.66) respectively. Between 6 and 12 months, 8.3% of eyes, had a change in refraction of 1.00 D or more.
Eyes treated with minus power anterior chamber lenses had an average preoperative refraction of - 17.30 D (range - 12.50 to - 20.00 D). At 6 months, 100% of eyes were within 2 D of emmetropia and 46.6% of eyes had an uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 (0.5) or better. Average preoperative best spectacle visual acuity was 20/50 (0.40), and 6 months afterward it was 20/40 (0.49).
All three surgical procedures reduce high myopia. At 6 months postoperatively, minus power anterior chamber intraocular lenses had a better accuracy and a faster and better visual recovery than epikeratoplasty and non-freeze keratomileusis. Longer term studies are necessary to evaluate the safety of this procedure. [Refractive and Corneal Surgery 1990,245-251.]
No-Suture Aphakic Epikeratoplasty
Authors: Cotter John B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Background: Use of sutures with aphakic epikeratoplasty is time-consuming during surgery and can create significant hazards for the patient. Thus, a surgical technique for aphakic epikeratoplasty without sutures was developed.
Methods: The conventional procedure was modified to use an oversized lenticule tucked evenly in an expanded lamellar pocket with no anchoring sutures. The technique was performed on one eye of 27 consecutive patients over a 9-month period.
Results: After a mean follow up of 14 months, results showed refractive and visual parameters comparable to a sutured technique. A 100% success rate at surgery was obtained using the oversized 9-millimeter lenticule. Five eyes (19.2%) developed a partial lenticule edge dislocation postoperatively. Three of the edge dislocations were reposited at the slit lamp without suturing. One lenticule, manufactured undersize, required primary suturing, leaving 24 of 26 (92.3%) patients healed without sutures. Postoperative spectacle-corrected acuity for the group either improved by one or more Snellen lines or remained unchanged. Two patients had reduced vision: one due to unrelated retinal changes and one due to vernal catarhh resulting in a persistent epithelial defect with subsequent epithelial haze.
Conclusions: A sutureless technique can accomplish visual rehabilitation comparable to the conventional procedure. While the technique is not without complication, significant benefits to the patient include reduced morbidity, eliminating hazards of postoperative suture management, and a simplified surgical procedure. (Refract Corneal Surg 1992;8:27-32.)
Surgical Procedures Performed After Refractive Surgery
Authors: Binder Perry S , Charlton Kevin H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Background: Refractive surgical procedures have been performed for over one decade. The complications that cause visual disability are abnormalities in wound healing, residual ametropia, and/or severe irregular astigmatism. Many of these complications can be manifested clinically in terms of visually disabling problems (loss of best-corrected vision, glare, monocular diplopia, etc). Some of these complications require additional standard ophthalmic or refractive surgical procedures to restore vision. However, since these secondary procedures have been performed in only a few cases, we know little about their outcome.
Methods: We report the histopathologic analysis of 132 cases that have undergone a secondary surgical procedure following a primary keratorefractive procedure. We attempt to correlate the problems encountered with such secondary intervention with histopathologic information obtained from specimens that have been submitted to our pathology laboratory and that had undergone secondary surgical procedures.
Results: Many specimens displayed abnormalities in wound healing associated with visual difficulties such as loss of best corrected acuity, glare, and under- and overcorrection. A short time from the initial procedure to the time of secondary intervention was common.
Conclustions: The combination of a secondary surgical or keratorefractive procedure can produce unpredictable retractive results. Judicious application of a refractive procedure and an appropriate time period before a second procedure is performed may reduce unexpected refractive complications. [Refract Corneal Surg 1992;8:61-74.)
Computer Modeling of Wound Gape Following Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Sawusch Mark R , McDonnell Peter J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Background: The edges of radial keratotomy incisions remain separated by epithelium or new collagen. To determine if the amount of gape of the incision edges agrees with the induced corneal flattening, two mathematical models of the cornea were studied.
Methods: A finite element model of the eye was constructed; radial incisions through Bowman's membrane and stroma were simulated, as well as incisions confined to the stroma but not involving Bowman's or Descemet's membranes. Geometrical calculations were also performed in a second morphologic model of a spherical shell.
Results: The finite element and geometrical models agree closely on the corneal curvature change for a given incision gape. Both models predict that linear intrastromal incisions that do not involve Bowman's layer would not produce significant corneal flattening.
Conclusions: Corneal flattening after radial keratotomy is closely related to incision gape, mediated through structural weakening of the cornea. Purely intrastromal radial incisions, as might be created with Nd:YAG lasers, prevent wound gape and would not appear to be a promising technique for flattening the cornea. [Refract Corneal Surg 1992;8:143-145.)
Intraoperative and Early Postoperative Complications in 466 Radial Keratotomies
Authors: les Jardins S Leroux , Bertrand I , Massin M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We have retrospectively studied the intraoperative and early postoperative complications of 466 radial keratotomies. These complications included: microperforations and macroperforations, incisions into the optical zone, and early bacterial corneal ulcers and endophthalmitis. [Refract Corneal Surg 1992;8:215-216.)
Quantitative Measurement of Wound Spreading in Radial Keratotomy*
Authors: Buzard Kurt A , Ronk James F , Friedlander Miles H , Tepper Dan J , Hoeltzel David A , Choe Kang-Il 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Many studies of radial keratotomy have been performed, however quantitative laboratory evaluation of the biomechanics of this procedure is still incomplete. Furthermore, most measurements of strain in the past have utilized strip testing, thus destroying the normal physiological structure and water balance of the cornea.
METHODS: We report on a membrane inflation method of wound spreading in intact human corneas using the Baribeau Micronscope.™

RESULTS: We measured a secant elastic modulus of 7.58 × 10
p 6
N/m
p 2
between 25 and 100 mm Hg. The spreading of radial keratotomy incisions as a function of intraocular pressure showed a maximum spreading of approximately 50µ at 25 mm Hg at a radius of 3.50 mm from the optical center. A slight increase in spreading was observed in proceeding from a single to four radial incisions.

CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative measurement of wound spreading is an important parameter of radial keratotomy and can provide important information regarding opposing theories of the biomechanics of this operation. [Refract Corneal Surg 1992;8:217-223.)
An In-Vivo Technique for Monitoring Keratocyte Migration Following Lamellar Keratoplasty
Authors: Kratz-Owens Katherine L , Hageman Gregory S , Schanzlin David J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: We have recently developed a method for labeling and following the migration of keratocytes using the fluorescent dye, 4\6diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), which intercalates specifically into the adenine-thymine base pairs of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
METHODS: DAPI was applied to a 2-millimeter area of the corneal stroma, at the edge of the microkeratome wound, prior to placement of the autograft.
RESULTS: DAPI-labeled keratocytes were identiby epifluorescence microscopy along the microkeratome wound and in the mid-periphery of the lamellar graft by day 7. In contrast, no DAPI-labeled keratocytes were observed in the graft immediately following surgery, indicating the DAPI-labeled keratocytes observed in the graft at day 7 resulted from keratocyte migration, and not from diffusion of DAPI from the host into the graft.
CONCLUSIONS: These investigations suggest that DAPI could be a useful probe for monitoring the migration of keratocytes into corneal grafts following lamellar keratoplasty and other corneal transplant surgical techniques. [Refract Corneal Surg 1992;8:230-234.)
On the Safety of 193-Nanometer Excimer Laser Refractive Corneal Surgery
Authors: Van Mellaert Catherine E , Missotten Luc 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Current literature on the potential hazards of 193-nanometer excimer laser corneal surgery is reviewed. The healing process of the different layers involved in the procedure is examined. The epithelium regenerates without delay or abnormal adhesion. A certain loss of corneal transparency seems to be only a short-term complication. The phototoxic risk for the endothelium and the lens has not yet been fully investigated. This risk is presently thought to be minimal. Factors such as improper corneal centering could lead to degradation of best corrected visual acuity or to loss of contrast sensitivity. Results of the first clinical trials indicate that vision quality does not appear to be adversely affected. The last section reviews studies designed to investigate the mutagenicity and cytotoxicity of 193-nanometer UV radiation. In vivo experiments could find no evidence of cellular transformation. (Refract Corneal Surg 1992;235-239.)
Subepithelial Reticular Cicatrization Following Radial Keratotomy in a Patient With Inactive Trachoma
Authors: Polit Fernando , Anwar Mohamed , Tabbara Khalid , El-Maghraby Akef 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Opacification of the clear optical zone following radial keratotomy has not been observed before.
METHODS AND RESULTS: The authors noted the appearance of subepithelial dense white reticular cicatrization in the central area following radial keratotomy in a patient with inactive trachoma and clear cornea. The corneal changes resulted in regression of the surgical effect and decrease in visual acuity. A good visual result was obtained by performing homoplastic myopic keratomileusis in situ. Clinical and histopathological findings are presented.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing radial keratotomy should be carefully screened for inactive trachoma which may contribute toward postoperative reticulate opacity of the central cornea. [Refract Corneal Surg 1992;8:240-241.)
Complications of Mersilene Sutures in Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Bertram Bradley A , Drews-Botsch Carolyn , Gemmill Mary , Guell Jose , Murad Mervat , Waring George O 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: After penetrating keratoplasty, many corneal surgeons adjust sutures to reduce astigmatism and then leave the sutures in place indefinitely. Nylon sutures can hydrolyze and break years after surgery. In a series of human penetrating keratoplasties, we studied the use of polyester (Mersilene®) sutures that do not hydrolyze.
METHODS: We performed two prospective studies of polyester (Mersilene) sutures in human penetrating keratoplasty done by one surgeon. Study I was a randomized comparison of combined running and interrupted Mersilene and nylon sutures in 45 consecutive eyes. Study Il was a case series of single running Mersilene suture with postoperative adjustment of suture tension to manage astigmatism in 23 consecutive eyes. We evaluated the performance of the suture and the control of astigmatism.
RESULTS: The interrupted running suture study demonstrated that interrupted Mersilene sutures were 5.5 times more likely to have handlingrelated complications than nylon Interrupted sutures (p = .01); in addition, they were three times as likely to have tissue-related complications as nylon (p = .16). The running suture study demonstrated an unacceptable complication rate of 69% when Mersilene was used as a single adjustable running suture. Af 6 months postoperatively, the median refractive astigmatism for the adjustable cases was 3.37 diopters (mean, 4.03 ± 2.37 D). Eyes with significant suture-related complications were 2.85 times more likely to have greater than 4.00 D of refractive astigmatism than were eyes without suture-related complications.
CONCLUSIONS: Mersilene is an undesirable suture for use in penetrating keratoplasty. [Refract Cornea! Surg 1992;8;296-305.)
RÉSUMÉ
INTRODUCTION. Après kératoplastie transfixiante nombreux sont les chirurgiens rompus à cette technique qui tente de réduire l'astigmatisme secondaire par l'ajustement des sutures. Il est reconnu que les sutures en Nylon s'hydrolysent progressivement avec le temps. Nous rapportons sur une série de keratoplasties transfixiantes l'utilisation de sutures en polyester (MersileneR) connues pour leur stabilité.
METHODES. Nous avons conduit deux études prospectives sur l'utilisation des sutures en polyester (Mersilene) dan les greffes de cornee. Des greffes ont éfé réalisées un seul chirurgion. Dans le première étude, nous avons comparé l'utilisation combinée de surjet de points séparés en Mersilène et en Nylon sur 40 yeux consécutifs. Dans l'étude numéro 2, nous avons réalisé un simple surjet en Mersilene avec un ajustement postopératoire de la tension de ces sutures pour améliorer l'astigmatisme sur 23 yeux consécutifs. Nous avons évalué l'efficacité de ces sutures et du contrôle de l'astigmatisme post-opératoire.
Sliding Flap of Conjunctival Limbus to Prevent Recurrence of Pterygium
Authors: Tomas Teofilo 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Several techniques have been advocated for the excision of a pterygium: bare sclera, conjunctival flaps, free conjunctival graft, and labial mucous membrane graft.
METHODS: Twenty eyes were treated with a sliding flap of limbal conjunctiva into the scleral bed of the excised pterigium, using 7-0 and 8-0 Vicryl sutures. Corticosteroids and tear substitutes were administered postoperatively.
RESULTS: There was one recurrence in the 20 eyes performed with 1 year follow up.
CONCLUSIONS: Recurrence was limited to that of 5% (1 case out of 20). Postoperative inflammatory reaction was minimal. [Refract Corneal Surg 1992;8:394-395.)
Early Rehabilitation After Small Incision Cataract Surgery
Authors: Uusitalo Risto J , Ruusuvaara Pekka , Järvinen Esko , Raivio llkka , Krootila Kari 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The use of smaller cataract incision is thought to induce less astigmatism, resulting in a more stable refraction and more stable wound.
METHODS: We have analyzed the early astigmatic changes and rehabilitation in 20 eyes of 16 patients operated with advanced phacoemulsification techniques. The patients operated with small-incision surgery (incision 4.0 mm) were compared to those with large-incision surgery (incision 7.5 mm). Keratometric values and visual acuity data were evaluated up to 6 months postoperatively.
RESULTS: Less initial induced astigmatism was demonstrated at day 7 postoperatively with a 4.0-millimeter incision (0.1 ± 0.53 D) compared with a 7.5-millimeter incision (1.90 ± 1.97). Similar but not statistically significant changes were seen at days I and 30 postoperatively. Visual rehabilitation was also faster in the small -incision group and 70% of the eyes gave uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better in this group as early as the first postoperative day. Only 1 1% of the eyes showed that uncorrected visual acuity after largeincision surgery at first postoperative day.
CONCLUSION: The low amount of induced cylinder, rapid stabilization of the wound, and faster visual rehabilitation confirms the advantage of small-incision cataract surgery to large-incision surgery. (Refract Corneal Surg 1993;9:67-70.)