bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The sensorial experience of wine for nonexperts: How the terms frequently used in Italian guidebooks are understood by standard consumers in Vietnam
Authors: Truong Hang , Burro Roberto , Bianchi Ivana 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOpposites are central to many areas in the fields of Psychology and Linguistics, but they are also fundamental to the technical scales used to describe wine (e.g., the Wine and Spirit Education Trust evaluation scales). The present study explores whether it is useful to refer to opposites in order to model Vietnamese standard (vs. expert) consumers' understanding of the wine descriptors frequently used in Italian texts. Sixty‐four terms used in Product Specifications and popular Italian wine guidebooks to talk about the sensory properties of red and white wines (e.g., Hazy—Viet. Đục; Bright—Viet Sáng; Complex—Viet Nhiều hương vị; Immature—Viet Chưa ngấu, etc.) were presented to 300 Vietnamese native speakers. They were asked to select what they considered to be the opposite property. Opposites were easily found by the participants, and, interestingly, they agreed with each other on those which were the most frequently chosen. Thought‐provoking similarities and differences were revealed when these finding were compared with those of a twin study involving Italian participants.Practical ApplicationsIn order to ensure effective marketing in the wine industry and to prevent misunderstandings, it is not only important that the dimensions underlying certain terms used by experts (i.e., sommeliers, oenologists, and wine experts) are similar to those understood by nonexperts (i.e., standard consumers), but it is also vital to ascertain whether nonexperts belonging to different cultures understand the same terms in a similar way. The results emerging from the present study suggest that it may be useful to use opposites to describe the sensory properties of wine to Vietnamese standard consumers, just as it is for Italian consumers. The research resulted in a list of terms which are understood in a similar way and another list with those which are understood differently. From an applicative point of view, this may be interesting for the marketing of wine in international contexts.
Depressive Symptoms, Anxiety, and Quality of Life in Hemodialysis Patients and Their Caregivers: A Dyadic Analysis1
Authors: A. Khalil Amani , Khalifeh Anas H. , Al‐Rawashdeh Sami , Darawad Muhammad , Abed Mona 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe current study aimed to examine the effect of depressive and anxiety symptoms on physical and psychological quality of life (QOL) in end‐stage renal disease patient‐family caregiver dyads using the Actor‐Partner Interdependence Model. This was a descriptive cross‐sectional study. Dyads' (N = 120) symptoms of anxiety and depression and QOL were assessed via the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the World Health Organization (WHO)QOL‐BREF, respectively. The depression scores were higher (worse) in patients than in caregivers (8.74 ± 5.23 vs. 6.9 ± 3.9, t[df 119] = 3.339, p = .001). Patients had lower (worse) scores on the physical domain of QOL than the caregivers (47.37 ± 22.9 vs. 64.1 ± 17.49, t[df 119] = −7.165, p < .001). Anxiety and depressive symptoms exhibited actor effects on the physical and psychological QOL of the dyad. Only depressive symptoms in caregivers exhibited a partner effect on the psychological domain of QOL in patients (β = −.745, p < .05). In conclusion, anxiety and depressive symptoms in both patients and caretakers are equally crucial in end‐stage renal disease management.
Plant functional and taxonomic diversity in European grasslands along climatic gradients
Authors: Boonman Coline C. F. , Santini Luca , Robroek Bjorn J. M. , Hoeks Selwyn , Kelderman Steven , Dengler Jürgen , Bergamini Ariel , Biurrun Idoia , Carranza Maria Laura , Cerabolini Bruno E. L. , Chytrý Milan , Jandt Ute , Lysenko Tatiana , Stanisci Angela , Tatarenko Irina , Rūsiņa Solvita , Huijbregts Mark A. J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimEuropean grassland communities are highly diverse, but patterns and drivers of their continental‐scale diversity remain elusive. This study analyses taxonomic and functional richness in European grasslands along continental‐scale temperature and precipitation gradients.LocationEurope.MethodsWe quantified functional and taxonomic richness of 55,748 vegetation plots. Six plant traits, related to resource acquisition and conservation, were analysed to describe plant community functional composition. Using a null‐model approach we derived functional richness effect sizes that indicate higher or lower diversity than expected given the taxonomic richness. We assessed the variation in absolute functional and taxonomic richness and in functional richness effect sizes along gradients of minimum temperature, temperature range, annual precipitation, and precipitation seasonality using a multiple general additive modelling approach.ResultsFunctional and taxonomic richness was high at intermediate minimum temperatures and wide temperature ranges. Functional and taxonomic richness was low in correspondence with low minimum temperatures or narrow temperature ranges. Functional richness increased and taxonomic richness decreased at higher minimum temperatures and wide annual temperature ranges. Both functional and taxonomic richness decreased with increasing precipitation seasonality and showed a small increase at intermediate annual precipitation. Overall, effect sizes of functional richness were small. However, effect sizes indicated trait divergence at extremely low minimum temperatures and at low annual precipitation with extreme precipitation seasonality.ConclusionsFunctional and taxonomic richness of European grassland communities vary considerably over temperature and precipitation gradients. Overall, they follow similar patterns over the climate gradients, except at high minimum temperatures and wide temperature ranges, where functional richness increases and taxonomic richness decreases. This contrasting pattern may trigger new ideas for studies that target specific hypotheses focused on community assembly processes. And though effect sizes were small, they indicate that it may be important to consider climate seasonality in plant diversity studies.
NCP2/RHD4/SAC7, SAC6 and SAC8 phosphoinositide phosphatases are required for PtdIns4P and PtdIns(4,5)P2 homeostasis and Arabidopsis development
Authors: Song Lizhen , Wang Yanning , Guo Zhiai , Lam Sin M. , Shui Guanghou , Cheng Youfa 
Published: April 2021

Summary

Phosphoinositides play important roles in plant growth and development. Several SAC domain phosphoinositide phosphatases have been reported to be important for plant development.

Here, we show functional analysis of SUPPRESSOR OF ACTIN 6 (SAC6) to SAC8 in Arabidopsis, a subfamily of phosphoinositide phosphatases containing SAC‐domain and two transmembrane motifs.

We isolated an Arabidopsis mutant ncp2 that lacked cotyledons in seedling and embryo in pid, a background defective in auxin signaling and transport. NCP2 encodes RHD4/SAC7 phosphoinositide phosphatase. SAC6, SAC7 and SAC8 exhibit overlapping and specific expression patterns in seedling and embryo. The sac6 sac7 embryos either fail to develop into seeds, or have three or four cotyledons. The embryo development of sac7 sac8 and sac6 sac7 sac8 mutants is significantly delayed or lethal, and the seedlings are arrested at early stages. Auxin maxima are decreased in double and triple sac mutants. The contents of PtdIns4P and PtdIns(4,5)P2 in sac6 sac7 and sac7 sac8 mutants are dramatically increased. Protein trafficking of the plasma membrane (PM)‐localized protein PIN1 and PIN2 from trans‐Golgi network/early endosome back to PM is delayed in sac7 sac8 mutants.

These results indicate that SAC6–SAC8 are essential for maintaining homeostasis of PtdIns4P and PtdIns(4,5)P2, and auxin‐mediated development in Arabidopsis.
Oral medicine practice in Europe and Australia: Identifying practitioner characteristics and their clinical activity
Authors: Pentenero Monica , Sutera Samuele , Lodi Giovanni , Bagan Jose V. , Farah Camile S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOral Medicine is a young dental specialty born almost a century ago and deals with orofacial conditions not directly attributable to the most prevalent tooth pathologies such as dental caries or periodontal diseases. Presentations may reflect local disease or orofacial manifestations of more widespread pathology affecting other parts of the body. Due to its recency as a distinct discipline and to heterogeneous global settings, Oral Medicine has not yet achieved a shared scope and definition, as well as a recognized status across the globe. The current report presents survey data gathered from Oral Medicine practitioners in Europe and Australia and aimed to identify practitioner characteristics including demographics, training, clinical and research activity. As expected, Oral Medicine clinical practice commonly deals with conditions such as immune‐mediated disorders, potentially malignant disorders, oral mucosal infections and chronic pain disorders, but geographical heterogeneities are observed. The present data, representative of current clinical practice, are valuable in order to understand the evolution of Oral Medicine as a distinct discipline and should be taken into consideration in order to create or update postgraduate training curricula able to meet the needs of future practitioners and the communities they serve.
Microbiomes in supragingival biofilms and saliva of adolescents with gingivitis and gingival health
Authors: Wirth Roland , Maróti Gergely , Lipták Lídia , Mester Mónika , Al Ayoubi Alaa , Pap Bernadett , Madléna Melinda , Minárovits János , Kovács Kornél L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundImportant alterations exist in the microbiomes of supragingival biofilm and saliva samples from adolescent patients developing induced or spontaneous gingivitis relative to healthy controls. These and the relationships to dental health are not fully understood yet.Subjects and MethodsSupragingival biofilm samples (n = 36) were collected from the teeth of 9 adolescents with gingivitis induced by orthodontic appliances, as well as dental plaques (n = 40) from 10 adolescents with spontaneous gingivitis, in addition to similar samples (n = 36) from 9 healthy controls. The bacterial metagenomes were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Salivary microbiomes of the same persons were characterized by shotgun metagenome sequencing. The data sets were examined using advanced bioinformatics workflows and two reference databases.ResultsThe composition and diversity of bacterial communities did not differ extensively among the three study groups. Nevertheless, the relative abundances of the genera Fusobacterium, Akkermansia, Treponema, and Campylobacter were prominently higher in gingivitis patients versus controls. In contrast, the genera Lautropia, Kingella, Neisseria, Actinomyces, and Rothia were significantly more abundant in controls than in either of the two gingivitis groups.ConclusionsThe abundance pattern of certain taxa rather than individual strains shows characteristic features of potential diagnostic value. Stringent bioinformatics treatment of the sequencing data is mandatory to avoid unintentional misinterpretations.
Evolution of a biochemical model of steady‐state photosynthesis
Authors: Yin Xinyou , Busch Florian A. , Struik Paul C. , Sharkey Thomas D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOn the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the publication of the landmark model by Farquhar, von Caemmerer & Berry on steady‐state C3 photosynthesis (known as the “FvCB model”), we review three major further developments of the model. These include: (1) limitation by triose phosphate utilization, (2) alternative electron transport pathways, and (3) photorespiration‐associated nitrogen and C1 metabolisms. We discussed the relation of the third extension with the two other extensions, and some equivalent extensions to model C4 photosynthesis. In addition, the FvCB model has been coupled with CO2‐diffusion models. We review how these extensions and integration have broadened the use of the FvCB model in understanding photosynthesis, especially with regard to bioenergetic stoichiometries associated with photosynthetic quantum yields. Based on the new insights, we present caveats in applying the FvCB model. Further research needs are highlighted.
Effectiveness of disaster preparedness education in helping older people prevent isolation
Authors: Matsuo Yuki , Hirano Michiyo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study intends to clarify the effect of regional disaster preparedness education on efforts to prevent the isolation of older people in the event of a disaster.Design and SampleThis quasi‐experimental study involved participants aged 65 and above. The intervention group (n = 35) and the comparison group (n = 61) were compared in the first survey and another one month later.MeasurementsThe survey items assessed aspects such as awareness of and actions related to isolation preparedness, and awareness of support needed by others in the event of a disaster. The results were compared between the two groups.InterventionThe educational program was based on the transtheoretical model of health behavior change and focused on preventing isolation in the event of a disaster, by connecting vulnerable people with their neighbors. Puppet shows and group work were used as part of the program.ResultsA month after the program implementation, the intervention group had significantly higher awareness of and actions related to isolation preparedness than the comparison group.ConclusionsDisaster preparedness education invokes a responsibility toward the prevention of isolation in the disaster and perceives it as a community issue and encourages individuals to support others.
Knowledge‐norms in a common‐law crucible
Authors: Sayid Cosim 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNot only is the common‐law standard of proof of mere likelihood in ordinary civil cases justifiable, but its justifiability supports the conclusion that there is no general norm that one must assert thatponly ifpis known. An argument by Voltaire is formalized to show that the mere likelihood standard is rational. It is also shown that no applicable norm preempts the common‐law rule. An objection that takes the pertinent knowledge‐norm to be honoured in the breach is rejected by appeal to the absence of blameworthiness in alleged breaches of interest. An objection that takes civil verdicts to be manifestations of acceptance, rather than assertoric, is considered and rejected.
Surgical handwashing practices of operating room staff: An observational study
Authors: Gülşen Muaz , Aydıngülü Nursevim , Arslan Sevban , Doğan Sevgi Deniz , Alptekin Dudu , Nazik Evşen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis descriptive and cross‐sectional study aims to assess the surgical handwashing practices of operating room staff.DesignSingle‐blind study.MethodsThe study was conducted with 66 staff (surgeons and operating room nurses) employed in the surgery department of a university hospital in Turkey. Data were collected using a Staff Information Form prepared in light of the literature to collect the participants’ sociodemographic data and the Surgical Hand Washing Procedure Checklist developed according to the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), World Health Organization (WHO) and Association of Surgical Technologists (AST). The staff assigned to operating rooms were identified, and then, their surgical handwashing practices were observed by one of the researchers.FindingsOf the participants, 77.3% were dressed suitable to the operating room field, 56.1% appropriately wet both of their hands and forearms, and 72.7% used a sufficient amount of antiseptic solution (3–5 ml) in their palms. More than half of them (51.5%) inappropriately performed the procedure of surgical handwashing (applying an antiseptic solution to hands and arms with circular motions, starting from the fingertips up to 3–5 cm above their elbows for a minute), and 47% incorrectly performed the procedure of rinsing hands and arms while keeping the hands above the elbows under running water and passing arms through the water in one direction during this process.ConclusionIn the study, it was determined that none of the team members completed the preparation, application and drying steps of the surgical handwashing procedure. Therefore, it is necessary to make arrangements that will facilitate the handwashing procedures of the personnel. Personnel‐related problems, such as the duration of washing and drying methods, are possible to be avoided with periodic in‐service training and with posters demonstrating the washing stages, which might lead to behavioural changes.
Treatment of biomethanated wastewater with a quaternised chitosan
Authors: Boonprasit Pimchanok , Sakairi Nobuo , Uan‐On Tanat , Nitayapat Nuttakan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe use of 2‐hydroxypropyl‐3‐trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (HTCC) to decrease the intense brown colour and COD of biomethanated wastewater was investigated. The effects of pH on the rheology of HTCC solutions and their ability to decolourise were examined. HTCC had a positive zeta potential that decreased as pH increased. Decolourisation and COD reduction were decreased slightly when the pH of the HTCC solution was increased from 4 to 9. Variation of pH of the wastewater from 6 to10 did not affect decolourisation. FT‐IR spectra of HTCC and its flocs isolated after flocculation indicated that interaction of the major anionic colourant occurred at sites near the cationic quaternary nitrogen of HTCC. Acidic solutions of HTCC were very effective flocculants, producing >80% decolourisation and >50% COD reduction. Prevention of pollution caused by the discharge of the enormous volumes of biomethanated wastewater that are generated worldwide could be facilitated by its treatment with non‐toxic HTCC.
Roles and models of English teachers in Kazakhstan
Authors: Zhunussova Gulnissa , Cortazzi Martin , Jin Lixian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRoles and attitudes towards English in Kazakhstan can be seen through four strands of local and international heritages of education and cultures of language learning. Seen together with national policies, educational reforms, and linguistic contexts this comprises the English language learning environment. This is the contextual background against which we report findings regarding the professional and personal characteristics of ‘good’ English teachers in Kazakhstan. ‘Model’ teachers were portrayed with an expected traditional cognitive dimension of knowledge of English but this was complemented by social, affective, moral, and aesthetic dimensions. We refer to these dimensions in this article as ‘metafunctions’. Through interviews with 100 undergraduate students and 43 university English teachers, we analyzed participants’ attitudes towards English and their perceptions of the roles of English in Kazakhstan, where participants had mixed utilitarian, human development and patriotic attitudes toward English.
Development of an Efficient Conjugate Heat Transfer Modeling Framework to Optimize Mixing-Limited Combustion of Ethanol in a Diesel Engine
Authors: Magnotti Gina M. , Mohapatra Chinmoy K. , Mashayekh Alireza , Wijeyakulasuriya Sameera , Schanz Robert , Blumreiter Julie , Johnson Bernard H. , El-Hannouny Essam M. , Longman Douglas E. , Som Sibendu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Mixing controlled combustion of alcohol fuels has been identified as a promising technology based on their low propensity for particulate and NOx production, but the higher heats of vaporization and auto-ignition temperatures of these fuels make their direct use in diesel engine architectures a challenge. To realize the potential of alcohol-fueled combustion, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling framework is developed, validated, and exercised to identify designs that maximize engine thermal efficiency. To evaluate the use of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), a simplified one-dimensional (1D) conjugate heat transfer (CHT) modeling framework is employed. The addition of the 1D CHT model only increases the computational expense by 15% relative to traditional approaches, yet offers more accurate heat transfer predictions over constant temperature boundary conditions. The validated model is then used to explore a range of injector orientations and piston bowl geometries. Using a design of experiments (DoE) approach, several designs were identified that improved fuel–air mixing, shortened the combustion duration, and increased thermal efficiency. The most promising design was fabricated and tested in a Caterpillar 1Y3700 single-cylinder oil test engine (SCOTE). Engine testing confirmed the findings from the CFD simulations and found that the co-optimized injector and piston bowl design yielded over 2-percentage point increase in thermal efficiency at the same equivalence ratio (0.96) and over 6-percentage point increase at the same engine load (10.1 bar indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP)), while satisfying design constraints for peak pressure and maximum pressure rise rate.
Hydrodynamics and Interfacial Surfactant Transport in Vascular Gas Embolism
Authors: Eckmann David M. , Zhang Jie , Ayyaswamy Portonovo S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Vascular gas embolism—bubble entry into the blood circulation - is pervasive in medicine, including over 340,000 cardiac surgery patients in the U.S. annually. The gas–liquid interface interacts directly with constituents in blood, including cells and proteins, and with the endothelial cells lining blood vessels to provoke a variety of undesired biological reactions. Surfactant therapy, a potential preventative approach, is based on fluid dynamics and transport mechanics. Herein we review literature relevant to the understanding the key gas–liquid interface interactions inciting injury at the molecular, organelle, cellular, and tissue levels. These include clot formation, cellular activation, and adhesion events. We review the fluid physics and transport dynamics of surfactant-based interventions to reduce tissue injury from gas embolism. In particular, we focus on experimental research and computational and numerical approaches involving how surface-active chemical-based intervention. This is based on surfactant competition with blood-borne or cell surface-borne macromolecules for surface occupancy of gas–liquid interfaces to alter cellular mechanics, mechanosensing, and signaling coupled to fluid stress exposures occurring in gas embolism. We include a new analytical approach for which an asymptotic solution to the Navier–Stokes equations coupled to the convection-diffusion interaction for a soluble surfactant provides additional insight regarding surfactant transport with a bubble in non-Newtonian fluid.