bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic flux inversion in a peculiar changing look AGN
Authors: Scepi Nicolas , Begelman Mitchell C , Dexter Jason 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
We argue that the changing-look event in the active galactic nucleus (AGN) 1ES 1927+654, followed by a dip of three orders of magnitude in the X-ray luminosity, is controlled by a change in the accretion rate and an inversion of magnetic flux in a magnetically arrested disc (MAD). Before the changing-look event, strong magnetic flux on the black hole powers X-ray emission via the Blandford–Znajek process, while the UV emission is produced by a radiatively inefflcient magnetized disc. An advection event, bringing flux of the opposite polarity, propagates inward leading, first, to a rise in the UV/optical luminosity and, then, to a dip in the X-ray luminosity. We find that the observed time-scale between the beginning of the changing-look event and the minimum in the X-ray luminosity, ≈200 d, is in agreement with the time needed to cancel the magnetic flux in a MAD extending to ≈180 rg. Although flux inversion events might be rare due to the large ratio of flux-to-mass that is needed, we argue that AGN showing an unusually high ratio of X-ray to UV luminosity are prime candidates for such events. We suggest that similar events may lead to jet interruptions in radio-loud objects.
Fine-Scale Genetic Structure and Demographic History in the Miyako Islands of the Ryukyu Archipelago
Authors: Matsunami Masatoshi , Koganebuchi Kae , Imamura Minako , Ishida Hajime , Kimura Ryosuke , Maeda Shiro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Ryukyu Archipelago is located in the southwest of the Japanese islands and is composed of dozens of islands, grouped into the Miyako Islands, Yaeyama Islands, and Okinawa Islands. Based on the results of principal component analysis on genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms, genetic differentiation was observed among the island groups of the Ryukyu Archipelago. However, a detailed population structure analysis of the Ryukyu Archipelago has not yet been completed. We obtained genomic DNA samples from 1,240 individuals living in the Miyako Islands, and we genotyped 665,326 single-nucleotide polymorphisms to infer population history within the Miyako Islands, including Miyakojima, Irabu, and Ikema islands. The haplotype-based analysis showed that populations in the Miyako Islands were divided into three subpopulations located on Miyakojima northeast, Miyakojima southwest, and Irabu/Ikema. The results of haplotype sharing and the D statistics analyses showed that the Irabu/Ikema subpopulation received gene flows different from those of the Miyakojima subpopulations, which may be related with the historically attested immigration during the Gusuku period (900 − 500 BP). A coalescent-based demographic inference suggests that the Irabu/Ikema population firstly split away from the ancestral Ryukyu population about 41 generations ago, followed by a split of the Miyako southwest population from the ancestral Ryukyu population (about 16 generations ago), and the differentiation of the ancestral Ryukyu population into two populations (Miyako northeast and Okinawajima populations) about seven generations ago. Such genetic information is useful for explaining the population history of modern Miyako people and must be taken into account when performing disease association studies.
Inhibitory investigation of niacin derivatives on metalloenzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 for its immunomodulatory function
Authors: Yan Daojing , Xu Jiakun , Tan Xiangshi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) have received wide attention for their roles in cancer immunotherapy. It highlights the important role of metalloenzymes in performing human physiological functions. Herein, the recombinant human IDO1 was expressed and purified successfully, and the protein molecule was characterized by SDS-PAGE, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and metalloenzymology. A series of niacin derivatives were investigated with regard to their inhibition on metalloenzyme IDO1, and the resulting potential anti-cancer activities in cell lines. Among the niacin derivatives, 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(pyridin-3-yl)-butane-1,3-dione (compound 9) was found to be the most effective inhibitor to IDO1 in HepG-2 cells, with an EC50 of 11 µM with low cytotoxicity. The IC50 value of compound 9 with trifluoroethyl group in enzymatic inhibition was shown to be ∼5 times more potent than a positive control 4-phenylimidazole. The interaction between compound 9 and IDO1 was verified by isothermal titration calorimetry and molecular docking study. The most favorable molecular docking results revealed that functional groups of compound 9 contributed to the binding of 9 to IDO1 through IDO1–heme coordination, H-bond interactions and hydrophobic contacts. Our finding provides a strategy for the development of new inhibitor candidates for the therapeutic inhibition of IDO1.
Micro-homology intermediates: RecA’s transient sampling revealed at the single molecule level
Authors: Lee Andrew J , Endo Masayuki , Hobbs Jamie K , Davies A Giles , Wälti Christoph 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Recombinase A (RecA) is central to homologous recombination. However, despite significant advances, the mechanism with which RecA is able to orchestrate a search for homology remains elusive. DNA nanostructure-augmented high-speed AFM offers the spatial and temporal resolutions required to study the RecA recombination mechanism directly and at the single molecule level. We present the direct in situ observation of RecA-orchestrated alignment of homologous DNA strands to form a stable recombination product within a supporting DNA nanostructure. We show the existence of subtle and short-lived states in the interaction landscape, which suggests that RecA transiently samples micro-homology at the single RecA monomer-level throughout the search for sequence alignment. These transient interactions form the early steps in the search for sequence homology, prior to the formation of stable pairings at &gt;8 nucleotide seeds. The removal of sequence micro-homology results in the loss of the associated transient sampling at that location.
Meningioma: A Pathology Perspective
Authors: Toland Angus , Huntoon Kristin , Dahiya Sonika M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Meningiomas are dural-based neoplasms that account for ∼37% of all intracranial tumors in the adult population. They can occur anywhere within the central nervous system and have a predilection for females. The World Health Organization classifies meningiomas into 3 grades based on increased risk of recurrence and associated mortality in grade III tumors. Although most tumors are categorized as low-grade, up to ∼15%-20% demonstrate more aggressive behavior. With the long-recognized association with neurofibromatosis type 2 gene mutation, putative driver mutations can be attributed to ∼80% of tumors. Several germline mutations have also been identified in some cases of familial meningiomatosis such as SMARCE1, SUFU, PTEN, and BAP1. Finally, in addition to genetic data, epigenetic alterations, specifically deoxyribonucleic acid methylation, are being increasingly recognized for their prognostic value, potentially adding objectivity to a currently subjective grading scheme.
The university third mission and the European Structural Funds in peripheral regions: Insights from Finland
Authors: Salomaa Maria , Charles David 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCurrent EU policies aim to support regional research, development, and innovation activities. The Cohesion Policy, implemented through Structural Funds (SFs) Operational Programmes, seeks to foster local level innovation. In parallel, universities have become important drivers of regional development through their ‘third mission’ driven by the different policy levels. This article investigates the tensions between the primary institutional logics of the university and the institutional logic of the SF programmes in peripheral regions as experienced by a multi-disciplinary university network from Finland. The findings from the case study reveal competing and co-evolving institutional logics of the two frameworks; university-led SF activities increase collaboration with local stakeholders, but the implementation of SF projects remains challenging (e.g. strict guidelines, higher education (HE) policies driving research excellence). Further investigation of these results in different regional contexts could provide new tools for managing the university third mission more efficiently, through SF programmes and beyond.
Evaluating the Sensitivity and Specificity of Promising Circulating Biomarkers to Diagnose Liver Injury in Humans
Authors: Llewellyn Heather P , Vaidya Vishal S , Wang Zhenyu , Peng Qinghai , Hyde Craig , Potter David , Wang Jianying , Zong Qing , Arat Seda , Martin Matt , Masek-Hammerman Katherine , Warner Roscoe , Johnson Kent , Kullak-Ublick Gerd A , Aithal Guruprasad P , Dear James W , Ramaiah Shashi K 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Early diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) continues to be a major hurdle during drug development and postmarketing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of promising biomarkers of liver injury—glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), cytokeratin-18 (K18), caspase-cleaved K18 (ccK18), osteopontin (OPN), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF), MCSF receptor (MCSFR), and microRNA-122 (miR-122) in comparison to the traditional biomarker alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Biomarkers were evaluated individually and as a multivariate model in a cohort of acetaminophen overdose (n = 175) subjects and were further tested in cohorts of healthy adults (n = 135), patients with liver damage from various causes (n = 104), and patients with damage to the muscle (n = 74), kidney (n = 40), gastrointestinal tract (n = 37), and pancreas (n = 34). In the acetaminophen cohort, a multivariate model with GLDH, K18, and miR-122 was able to detect DILI more accurately than individual biomarkers alone. Furthermore, the three-biomarker model could accurately predict patients with liver injury compared with healthy volunteers or patients with damage to muscle, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, and kidney. Expression of K18, GLDH, and miR-122 was evaluated using a database of transcriptomic profiles across multiple tissues/organs in humans and rats. K18 mRNA (Krt18) and MiR-122 were highly expressed in liver whereas GLDH mRNA (Glud1) was widely expressed. We performed a comprehensive, comparative performance assessment of 7 promising biomarkers and demonstrated that a 3-biomarker multivariate model can accurately detect liver injury.
The LEAFY floral regulator displays pioneer transcription factor properties
Authors: Lai Xuelei , Blanc-Mathieu Romain , GrandVuillemin Loïc , Huang Ying , Stigliani Arnaud , Lucas Jérémy , Thévenon Emmanuel , Loue-Manifel Jeanne , Daher Hussein , Brun-Hernandez Eugenia , Vachon Gilles , Latrasse David , Benhamed Moussa , Dumas Renaud , Zubieta Chloe , Parcy François 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPioneer transcription factors (TFs) are a special category of TFs with the capacity to bind to closed chromatin regions in which DNA is wrapped around histones and often highly methylated. Subsequently, they are able to modify the chromatin state to initiate gene expression. In plants, LEAFY (LFY) is a master floral regulator and has been suggested to act as a pioneer TF in Arabidopsis. Here, we demonstrate that LFY is able to bind both methylated and non-methylated DNA using a combination ofin vitrogenome-wide binding experiments and structural modeling. Comparisons between regions bound by LFYin vivoand chromatin accessibility data suggest that LFY binds a subset of regions occupied by nucleosomes. We confirm that LFY is able to bind nucleosomal DNAin vitrousing reconstituted nucleosomes. Finally, we show that constitutive LFY expression in seedling tissues is sufficient to induce chromatin accessibility in the LFY direct target genes,APETALA1andAGAMOUS. Taken together, our study suggests that LFY possesses key pioneer TF features that contribute to launch the floral gene expression program.
The Fourth Industrial Revolution and private commercial banks: the good, bad and ugly
Authors: Rahman Asif , Abedin Md. Joynal 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
This study aims to assess how new and emerging technologies can contribute to achieving the financial goals of the private commercial banking sector in Bangladesh. It considers the perception among the top management about the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) and further measures the readiness of private commercial banks (PCBs) to become resilient.

Design/methodology/approach
This study attempts to measure the perception and readiness of the commercial banking sector because of the 4IR based on the stratified sampling method. The research is qualitative and selected PCBs listed in the Dhaka Stock Exchange. 4IR in the context of the banking sector in Bangladesh is a problem that has not been studied more clearly, intended to establish priorities, develop operational definitions and improve the final research design.

Findings
This research has identified a significant gap of study in the preparedness among the private commercial banking sector in Bangladesh to confront the 4IR while indicating the most significant risks and managerial insights. The findings show technologies will dramatically change the nature of work. Traditional system of banking from the branch will be shifting into banking from everywhere. Hence, digital products and services will foster value-driven business. The result of the study also states the readiness of the banking sector is in the preliminary stage and endorses some of the coping approaches.

Research limitations/implications
Different schools of thought regarding the role of the 4IR and its future consequences have been observed. The corporate sector in Bangladesh has an inclusive lack of understanding regarding the 4IR.

Practical implications
The insights may provide directions to banking financial institutions of Bangladesh to thrive during the 4IR. This study is intended to assist policymakers, decision-makers and employees of PCBs to increase awareness and preparedness for future challenges that may appear from the 4IR where the 41 competitive PCBs play vital role in turning the fast emerging Bangladesh economy.

Originality/value
The contribution of this paper associates with academics and bankers to increase understanding of coping in the context of the escalating use of emerging technology-driven banking services within the PCBs in Bangladesh by determining perception and testing different forms of readiness including a variety of important outcomes such as risks.
Profiles of traumatic dental injuries among children aged 0–15 years in Cappadocia, Turkey: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Gümüş Hüsniye , Öztürk Gülce , Kürem Büşra 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground/AimTraumatic dental injuries are among the most serious dental public health problems in children. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the dental trauma profile of primary and permanent teeth among children aged 0–15 years who presented to a university hospital.Material and MethodsThe study included 650 patients (1,000 primary and permanent teeth) who presented with a history of dental trauma to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University between 2016 and 2019. Traumatized teeth were assessed according to the Andreasen classification. The following information was recorded: age, gender, teeth affected by trauma, etiologies of trauma, place and season of trauma, type of trauma, type of treatment, and time between the trauma and treatment.ResultsIn total, 650 patients (240 females, 410 males) and 1,000 incisors (212 primary teeth, 788 permanent teeth) were evaluated. The average age of the patients was 8.89 ± 3.41 years, and dental injuries were more frequent between 8 and 10 years of age. The maxillary central incisors, both primary (40.1%) and permanent (42.8%), were the most frequently affected teeth. The main cause of traumatic dental injuries was falls. Most accidents occurred at school and home. The most common type of dental injuries recorded was luxation injuries in the primary teeth (21.5%) and enamel‐dentin fractures (35.9%) in the permanent teeth. Only 48 teeth were treated during the first hour after injury.ConclusionsThe most common type of traumatic injury affecting permanent teeth was enamel‐dentin fractures, and primary teeth were luxation injury. Only 4.8% of teeth were treated within the first hour after trauma.
Structural requirements for membrane binding of human guanylate‐binding protein 1
Authors: Sistemich Linda , Dimitrov Stanchev Lyubomir , Kutsch Miriam , Roux Aurélien , Günther Pomorski Thomas , Herrmann Christian 
Published: January 2021

Human guanylate‐binding protein 1 (hGBP1) is a key player in innate immunity and fights diverse intracellular microbial pathogens. Its antimicrobial functions depend on hGBP1’s GTP binding‐ and hydrolysis‐induced abilities to form large, structured polymers and to attach to lipid membranes. Crucial for both of these biochemical features is the nucleotide‐controlled release of the C terminally located farnesyl moiety. Here, we address molecular details of the hGBP1 membrane binding mechanism by employing recombinant, fluorescently labeled hGBP1, and artificial membranes. We demonstrate the importance of the GTPase activity and the resulting structural rearrangement of the hGBP1 molecule, which we term the open state. This open state is supported and stabilized by homodimer contacts involving the middle domain of the protein and is further stabilized by binding to the lipid bilayer surface. We show that on the surface of the lipid bilayer a hGBP1 monolayer is built in a pins in a pincushion‐like arrangement with the farnesyl tail integrated in the membrane and the N‐terminal GTPase domain facing outwards. We suggest that similar intramolecular contacts between neighboring hGBP1 molecules are responsible for both polymer formation and monolayer formation on lipid membranes. Finally, we show that tethering of large unilamellar vesicles occurs after the vesicle surface is fully covered by the monolayer. Both hGBP1 polymer formation and hGBP1‐induced vesicle tethering have implications for understanding the molecular mechanism of combating bacterial pathogens.DatabasesStructural data are available in RCSB Protein Data Bank under the accession numbers: 6K1Z, 2D4H.
Temperature and precipitation at specific growth stages influence soybean tocopherol and lutein concentrations
Authors: Tang Ruixue , Seguin Philippe , Morrison Malcolm J. , Fan Shimin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is an important source of health beneficial compounds, including tocopherols and lutein. Seeds with elevated concentrations of these health beneficial compounds may be required to meet the increasing needs of the functional food market. A study was conducted for a period of 11 years in Ottawa, ON, Canada to examine the relationship between temperature and precipitation during specific growth stage intervals (GSI) and the concentration of tocopherol (toc) and lutein in the seeds at harvest. Tocopherol concentrations in soybean were most influenced by air temperature changes, while lutein concentration was more sensitive to precipitation. Heat stress via the accumulation of temperatures greater than 31°C during the mid‐vegetative to physiological maturity GSI was positively correlated (r2 = 0.94) with α‐toc concentration. Lutein concentration was negatively correlated (r2 = 0.61) with mean cumulative precipitation (cppt) during the seed development to maturation GSI. Overall, reproductive stages were more responsive to climatic variables than vegetative stages. In addition, the cultivars with higher toc or lutein concentrations were less affected by climatic variables than cultivars with lower concentrations. Climatic factors and abiotic stress during specific growth stages may have significant impact on concentrations of health beneficial compounds in mature seeds and this should be considered in the production of soybean for the functional food market.
Observational study of the relationship between nurse staffing levels and compliance with mandatory nutritional assessments in hospital
Authors: Recio‐Saucedo A. , Smith G. B. , Redfern O. , Maruotti A. , Griffiths P. ,   Missed Care Study Group
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn the UK, it is recommended that hospital patients have their nutritional status assessed within 24 h of admission using the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST). The present study aimed to examine the association between nurse staffing levels and missed nutritional status assessments.MethodsA single‐centre, retrospective, observational study was employed using routinely collected MUST assessments from 32 general adult hospital wards over 2 years, matched to ward nurse staffing levels. We used mixed‐effects logistic regression to control for ward characteristics and patient factors.ResultsOf 43 451 instances where staffing levels could be linked to a patient for whom an assessment was due, 21.4% had no MUST score recorded within 24 h of admission. Missed assessments varied between wards (8–100%). There was no overall association between registered nurse staffing levels and missed assessments; although higher admissions per registered nurse were associated with more missed assessments [odds ratio (OR) = 1.09, P = 0.005]. Higher healthcare assistant staffing was associated with lower rates of missed assessments (OR = 0.80, P < 0.001). There was a significant interaction between registered nurses and healthcare assistants staffing levels (OR = 0.97, P = 0.011).ConclusionsDespite a written hospital policy requiring a nutritional assessment within 24 h of admission, missed assessments were common. The observed results show that compliance with the policy for routine MUST assessments within 24 h of hospital admission is sensitive to staffing levels and workload. This has implications for planning nurse staffing.
Demography of the Intertidal Fucoid Hormosira banksii: Importance of Recruitment to Local Abundance
Authors: Lewis Ryan D. , Johnson Craig R. , Wright Jeffrey T. 
Published: January 2021

Canopy‐forming macroalgae form the basis of diverse coastal ecosystems globally. The fucoid Hormosira banksii is often the dominant canopy‐forming macroalga in the temperate intertidal of southern Australia and New Zealand, where it is commonly associated with an understory of coralline turf. Hormosira banksii is susceptible to both natural and anthropogenic disturbance and despite its abundance, few studies have examined the demography of this important species. This study determined the demographic response of H. banksii to different gradients of disturbance to both its canopy and to the understory coralline turf. We established plots in which the density of H. banksii and/or understory coralline turf was manipulated in a pulse perturbation to simulate a disturbance event. The manipulated plots contained eight treatments ranging from 100% removal of H. banksii to 100% removal of the understory coralline turf. We then measured recruitment and followed individual recruits for up to 18 months to determine growth and survivorship. We found that H. banksii recruitment was seasonally variable throughout the experiment and highest over summer, survivorship of recruits was generally high, and the species was slow‐growing and long‐lived. Moreover, the level of disturbance did not seem to affect recruitment, growth, or survivorship and post‐recruitment mortality was independent of H. banksii density. In this system, it appears that H. banksii is a relatively long‐lived perennial species whose demography is density‐independent which appears to allow recovery from disturbance.