bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Accurate and Efficient Two Phase - Intrusion Detection System (TP-IDS) using Distributed Processing of HADOOP &amp; Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Jadhav Abhijit Dnyaneshwar , Pellakuri Vidyullatha 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Network security and data security are the biggest concerns now a days. Every organization decides their future business process based on the past and day to day transactional data. This data may consist of consumers confidential data, which needs to be kept secure. Also, the network connections when established with the external communication devices or entities, a care should be taken to authenticate these and block the unwanted access. This consists of identification of the malicious connection nodes or identification of normal connection nodes. We expect, everytime whenever there is a connection request, it should be recognized as a type of normal node or malicious node connection request. For that, we use a continuous monitoring of the network input traffic to recognize the malicious connection request called as an intrusion and this type of monitoring system is called as Intrusion detection system(IDS). IDS helps us to protect our network and data from insecure and malicious network connections. Many such systems exists in the real time scenario, but they have critical issues of performance like accuracy and efficiency. These issues are addressed as a part of this research work of IDS using machine learning techniques. The TP-IDS is designed in two phases for increasing accuracy. In phase I of TP-IDS, Suppor Vector Machine (SVM) and k Nearest Neighbor (kNN) are used. In phase II of TP-IDS, Decision Tree (DT) and Naïve Bayes (NB) are used, where phase II is the validation phase of the system for increasing accuracy. Also, both the phases are having Hadoop distributed file system underlying data storage & processing architecture, which allows parallel processing to increase the speed of the system and hence achieve the efficiency in TP-IDS.
Easily Prepared Nanobody-horseradish Peroxidase Fusion Protein-based Immunoassay to Detect Antibodies Against Genotype 2 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Viruses
Authors: Duan Hong , Chen Xu , Zhao Jiakai , Zhu Jiahong , Zhang Guixi , Fan Mengnan , Zhang Beibei , Wang Xueting , Sun Yani , Liu Baoyuan , Zhou En-Min , Zhao Qin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Nanobodies are the third generation of genetically-engineered antibodies, possessing advantages of small molecular weight, simple genetic engineering, and low production cost for promising diagnostic application. In this study, a competitive ELISA (cELISA) using nanobody-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) fusion protein was utilized as an ultrasensitive probe for the first time to detect antibodies against genotype 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). In addition, a platform for easily producing the nanobody-HRP fusion protein against PRRSV was designed and developed. Results: In the present study, three nanobodies against the PRRSV-N protein were screened by Camel immunization, library construction, and phage display. Subsequently, a recombinant HEK293S cell line stably secreting nanobody-HRP fusion protein against PRRSV-N protein was successfully designed and constructed using the lentivirus transduction assay. Using the cell lines, the fusion protein was easily produced. Then, a novel cELISA was developed using the nanobody-HRP fusion protein for detecting the antibodies against genotype 2 PRRSV in pig sera, exhibiting a cut‑off value of 23.19% and good sensitivity (100%), specificity, and reproducibility. The compliance rate of cELISA with a commercial IDEXX ELISA kit was 96.4%. By testing the sequential sera from the challenged pigs, the results showed that the sensitivity of cELISA was higher than the commercial IDEXX ELISA kit. In addition, the commercial IDEXX ELISA kit can be combined with the developed cELISA for the differential detection of antibodies against genotype 1 and 2 PRRSV in pig sera.Conclusions: By screening the three nanobodies against the genotype 2 PRRSV-N protein, a recombinant HEK293S cell line stably secreting nanobody-HRP fusion protein against PRRSV-N protein was developed (Scheme 1a). Subsequently, a cELISA was developed for detecting the antibodies against genotype 2 PRRSV using the fusion protein and demonstrated high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility (Scheme 1b). More importantly, the production of the fusion protein using the developed platform is simple and low cost.
Implementation of Active Learning Methods in Nursing Undergraduate Study Programs – A Group Interview
Authors: Pivač Sanela , Skela-Savič Brigita , Jović Duška , Avdić Mediha , Kalender-Smajlović Sedina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Modern and active learning methods form an important part in the education of Nursing students. They encourage the development of communication and critical thinking skills, and ensure the safe health care of patients. Our aim was to obtain naturalistic data from nurse educators regarding the use and effects of implementing active learning methods (Peyton's Four-Step Approach, Mind Mapping, Debriefing and Objective Structured Clinical Examination methods) in the study process of students of Nursing after a completed education module, Clinical skills of mentors, as part of the Strengthening Nursing in Bosnia and Herzegovina Project. Methods: Qualitative research was conducted and a group interview technique was used for data collection. Beforehand, research participants were included in a two-day education module, Clinical skills of mentors, as part of the Strengthening Nursing in Bosnia and Herzegovina Project. 14 nurse educators participated. Group interviews were conducted in September 2019. Content analysis of the discussion transcriptions was conducted. Results: The obtained categories form four topics: 1) positive effect on the development of students' communication skills 2) positive effect of learning methods on the development of students' critical thinking skills 3) ensuring a safe learning environment 4) implementation of active learning methods.Conclusions: The use of various active learning methods in simulation settings improves the Nursing students’ critical thinking and communication skills. Therefore, we believe that Peyton’s Four-Step Approach, Mind Mapping and Debriefing methods should be included as tools for effective student learning and as preparation for directly performing safe nursing interventions with a patient. Effective approaches to the assessment of Nursing students may ensure quality patient health care in accordance with the vision of the nursing profession.
Simultaneous Beat-To-Beat Heart Rate And Systolic Blood Pressure Variability In Patients With And Without Neurally Mediated Syncope
Authors: Akbarzadeh Amirhossein , Akbarzadeh Fariborz , Kazemi Babak 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Autonomic changes play an essential role in the genesis of neurally mediated syncope (NMS). The aim of this study was to compare the changes of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) by measuring spectral indices of beat-to-beat systolic blood pressure and heart rate variability (SBPV and HRV) in ranges of low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and the LF/HF ratio during head-up tilt test (HUTT) in patients with and without a syncope response. Methods: In this case-control study of 46 patients with a suspected history of unexplained syncope, data were recorded separately during the typical three phases of HUTT. Patients who developed syncope were designated as the case group and the rest as the control group. Results: Thirty one patients experienced syncope during HUTT. Resting HRV and SBPV indices were significantly lower in cases than controls. After tilting in the syncope group, both HF and LF powers of SBPV showed a significant and gradual decrease. LF/HF in HRV increased in both groups similarly during the test but in SBPV, mainly driven by oscilations in its LF power, it increased significantly more during the first two phases of the test in syncope patients only to paradoxically decrease during active tilt (p< 0.001). Conclusion: Our findings show an abnormal autonomic function in patients with syncope, both at rest and tilting. Fluctuations of spectral indices of beat-to-beat SBPV, a potential noval index of pure sympathetic activity, show an exaggerated response during tilt and its withdrawal before syncope.
Blindness and Deafness – an Extreme Phenotype in Friedreich Ataxia
Authors: Damásio Joana , Sardoeira Ana , Araújo Maria , Carvalho Isabel , Sequeiros Jorge , Barros José 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
IntroductionFriedreich ataxia is the most frequent hereditary ataxia worldwide. Subclinical visual and auditory involvement has been recognized in these patients, with co-occurrence of severe blindness and deafness being rare.Case ReportWe describe a patient, homozygous for a 873 GAA expansion in the FXN gene, whose first symptoms appeared by the age of 8. With 22 years-old he developed sensorineural deafness, and with 26 visual impairment. Deafness had a progressive course over eleven years, until a stage of extreme severity which hindered communication. Visual acuity had a catas­trophic deterioration, with blindness three years after visual impairment was first noticed. Audiograms documented progressive sensorineural deafness, most striking for low frequencies. Visual evoked poten­tials disclosed bilaterally increased P100 latency. He passed away at the age of 41 years old, at a stage of extreme disability, blind and deaf, in addition to the com­ple­te phenotype of a patient with Friedreich ataxia of more than 30 years durationDiscussion﻿Severe vision loss and extreme deafness has been described in very few patients with Friedreich ataxia. Long duration, severe disease and large expanded alleles may account for such an extreme phenotype; nonetheless, the role of factors as modifying genes warrants further investigation in this subset of patients.
Platelets Lead Morphological, Phenotypic and Functional Changes in Tumor Cells.
Authors: Rodríguez-Martínez Alba , Simon-Saez Iris , Perales Sonia , Garrido-Navas Carmen , Russo Alessandro , de Miguel-Perez Diego , Puche-Sanz Ignacio , Alaminos Clara , Ceron Jorge , Lorente Jose A. , Cristofanilli Massimo , Ortigosa-Palomo Alba , Real Pedro J , Rolfo Christian , Serrano Maria Jose 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPlatelets are active players in tumorigenesis, although the exact interactive mechanisms and their direct impact on tumor cells remain largely unknown. MethodsBidirectional transference of lipids, proteins and RNA between platelets and tumor cells and its impact on tumor cell behavior and tumor process are analyzed in this work. Phenotypic, genetic and functional modifications induced by platelets were analyzed both in tumor cell lines and in circulating tumor cells (CTCs). ResultsBesides cross-talk between platelets and tumor cells, we demonstrated an efficient exchange of lipids, proteins and RNA. Remarkably, we observed that platelets transferred structural components to tumor cells with higher efficiency than tumor cells to platelets (p=0.001). This biological interplay occurred by direct contact, internalization or via extracellular vesicles. As a result, tumor cells acquired platelet markers (CD61 and CD42), showed decreased EpCAM, expressed epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers, and increased proliferation rates. Analysis of platelets marker CD61 in CTCs showed intra and inter patient heterogeneity.ConclusionsOur results demonstrated, for the first time, that platelets educate tumor cells by highly efficient transference of lipids, proteins and RNA through different mechanisms. These results suggest that tumor cells and CTCs might acquire highly dynamic and aggressive phenotypes due to platelets interaction including EMT, stem-like phenotype and high proliferative rates.
Effect of a High-Protein Diet on the Renal Function in Healthy Individuals Without Chronic Kidney Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Xie Zhijuan , Ou Jihong , Zhu Yan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundHigh-protein (HP) diets have been recommended for weight loss including obese persons. However, the potential effects of HP regimens on kidney health for persons without chronic kidney disease (CKD) are still controversial. MethodsTo investigate the effects of HP diets versus standard protein/low protein (SP/LP) ones on renal function in individuals without CKD, we conducted this meta-analysis. ResultsThirty-nine RCTs including 3400 participants were considered in this meta-analysis. HP diets resulted in an increased GFR (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.64, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03, 1.26) and concentrations of serum urea (MD = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.66, 1.44), creatinine (MD = 2.94, 95% CI: 1.30, 4.58), and uric acid (MD = 19.89, 95% CI: 12.35, 27.43) in obese subjects when compared with SP/LP diets. The results in T2D and health participants did not show a notable detrimental effect on renal outcomes. Subgroup analysis showed that an increase in GFR was presented in obese subjects following an intervention shorter than 6 months. No significant differences were found in the urinary albumin excretion between the HP and SP/LP diets in obese and T2D populations, except for the healthy participants which was reported by only one study.Conclusions﻿This meta-analysis showed that HP diets were associated with increased GFR, serum urea, creatinine, and uric acid in obese adults. Future studies are warranted to examine whether resulted glomerular hyperfiltration from HP diet can cause kidney damage in obese individuals.
Precise Machining Based on Ritz Non-uniform Allowances for Titanium Blade Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Zhang Bo , Yuan Juntang , wang zhenhua , Li Xi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is an increasingly concerned trend in Ti-6Al-4V blade manufacturing, while the SLMed Ti-6Al-4V blade cannot be used directly because of poor surface integrity and high residual stresses. Precise machining after SLM is a feasible solution but also a challenge. The low rigidity of the blade will lead to deformation when machining. The deformation can lead to surface error and may make defect parts. Two-steps machining processes to address the problems were proposed in this paper. First, a non-uniform allowance distribution was allocated and optimized in semi-finishing based on Ritz solution to elastic deformation. The blade was simplified as a cantilever thin plate with various thickness, and the thickness of finishing allowance was designed and optimized on the premise of ensuring the thin-wall stiffness of the blade, so as to realize the design of Ritz non-uniform allowance. Then, finishing machining was conducted to achieve precise parts. A blade deformation model was established to evaluate surface error with cutting force moving and changing. Finite element analysis and experimental validation in ball-end milling of a blade were conducted. FEA results and experimental results showed dimensional errors have been reduced up to 50%. Further surface tests demonstrated that the mean surface roughness reduced from 7.88 μm to 0.815 μm. And the residual surface stresses of the SLM samples changed after semi-finishing machining due to the residual stress relaxation and redistribution. The results demonstrated that the proposed method enhanced the surface quality of blade fabricated by SLM.
A Novel Prognostic Cancer-related lncRNA Signature in Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Binghai , Dong Di , Yao Qin , Zou Yuanzhang , Hu Wei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPapillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) ranks second in renal cell carcinoma and the prognosis of pRCC remains poor. Here, we aimed to screen and identify a novel prognostic cancer-related lncRNA signature in pRCC. MethodsThe RNA-seq profile and clinical feature of pRCC cases were downloaded from TCGA database. Significant cancer-related lncRNAs were obtained from the Immlnc database. Differentially expressed cancer-related lncRNAs (DECRLs) in pRCC were screened for further analysis. Cox regression report was implemented to identify prognostic cancer-related lncRNAs and establish a prognostic risk model, and ROC curve analysis was used to evaluate its precision. The correlation between RP11-63A11.1 and clinical characteristics was further analyzed. Finally, the expression level and role of RP11-63A11.1 were studied in vitro. ResultsA total of 367 DECRLs were finally screened and 26 prognostic cancer-related lncRNAs were identified. Among them, ten lncRNAs (RP11-573D15.8, LINC01317, RNF144A-AS1, TFAP2A-AS1, LINC00702, GAS6-AS1, RP11-400K9.4, LUCAT1, RP11-63A11.1, and RP11-156L14.1) were independently connected with prognosis of pRCC. These ten lncRNAs were incorporated into a prognostic risk model. In accordance with the median value of the riskscore, pRCC cases were separated into high and low risk groups. Survival analysis indicated that there was a significant difference on overall survival (OS) rate between the two groups. The area under curve (AUC) in different years indicated that the model was of high efficiency in prognosis prediction. RP11-63A11.1 was mainly expressed in renal tissues and it correlated with the tumor stage, T, M, N classifications, OS, PFS, and DSS of pRCC patients. Consistent with the expression in pRCC tissue samples, RP11-63A11.1 was also downregulated in pRCC cells. More importantly, upregulation of RP11-63A11.1 attenuated cell survival and induced apoptosis. ConclusionsTen cancer-related lncRNAs were incorporated into a powerful model for prognosis evaluation. RP11-63A11.1 functioned as a cancer suppressor in pRCC and it might be a potential therapeutic target for treating pRCC.
Trends and factors associated with iron supplementation during pregnancy among women who had pregnancy in the preceding five years of the 2016 EDHS: Multivariate decomposition analysis
Authors: Tareke Abiyu Abadi , Bekele Ermias 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Study estimated in 2019 iron deficiency related anemia accounts 1.89% and 1.07% of total disability adjusted life years (DALYS) to reproductive age women globally and sub saran Africa respectively. Anemia at the time of pregnancy may cause small sized baby, preterm birth, and perinatal, neonatal and maternal mortality. Iron and folic acid supplementation during pregnancy will minimize the risk of iron deficiency and risk of anemia.Methods: For this time series analysis, dataset of 2005, 2011 and Ethiopian demographic health surveys was used. A total weighted sample of 7234 in 2005, 7786 in 2011 and 7543 in 2016 are encompassed in this study. The Logit based Multivariate decomposition analysis for non-linear response outcome was calibrated to detect the factors contributed to the change in iron supplementation between 2005 and 2016 study period. The Logit based multivariate decomposition analysis utilizes the output from the logistic regression model to assign the observed change in iron supplementation over time into two components. Stata version 16.0 was used to analysis the data.Results: Proportion of iron supplementation during pregnancy increased by more than a third (32%) between the period of 2005 and 2016. From the output of multivariate decomposition regression, major of the change in iron supplementation was due to change in coefficients. Women’s age, working s status and region of living (all except Dire Dawa) were variables as sources of change in iron supplementation under the category of change in coefficients. Additionally, age, region, wealth status, employment status/working status, ANC follow up to the last pregnancy and media exposure were variables attributable to the change of iron supplementation during pregnancy under the category of endowment.Conclusion: Rate of iron supplementation at the time of pregnancy increased dramatically over the last decade in Ethiopia. Change in the proportion of women aged ≥ 35 years, population of each region, wealth status (poorer, middle & richer), working women, ANC follow up and media exposed as well as change in behavior of women aged ≥ 35 years, employed women and region of living were sources of change for iron supplementation between 2005 and 2016 period.
Removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution by activated charcoal derived from Sapindus trifoliate L fruit biomass using continuous fixed bed column studies
Authors: Mohanta Samir , Sahu Manoj Kumar , Mishra Prakash Chandra , Giri Anil Kumar 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this study, the removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution were examined using activated charcoal derived from Sapindus trifoliate L fruit biomass in continuous fixed-bed column studies. The activated S. trifoliate L fruit charcoal was prepared by treating the fruit powder using concentrated nitric acid solution. Experiments were performed to investigate the effect of bed height and initial concentration on the breakthrough and saturation times. The breakthrough and saturation time increases with increase in bed height and initial concentration of chromium solutions. The maximum adsorption capacity of S. trifoliate L charcoal for hexavalent chromium was found to be 1.719 mg/g in the bed height 15 cm and initial concentration 10 mg/L, respectively. Column data required at various conditions were explained using Bohart-Adams and Thomas model. Two models were found to be suitable to describe the definite part of the dynamic behaviour of the column with regard to bed-height and initial concentration of hexavalent chromium. On comparison of Adjusted R2 and estimated standard error, the Thomas model was found to best-fitted model and can be used to predict the adsorption of the hexavalent chromium in fixed-bed column studies. Activated S. trifoliate L fruit charcoal was characterised by SEM-EDX and FTIR analysis.
Secondary Use of Clinical Data in Data-Gathering, Non-Interventional Research or Learning Activities: Definition, Types, and a Framework for Risk Assessment
Authors: Jungkunz Martin , Köngeter Anja , Mehlis Katja , Winkler Eva C , Schickhardt Christoph 
Published: June 2021

Background
The secondary use of clinical data in data-gathering, non-interventional research or learning activities (SeConts) has great potential for scientific progress and health care improvement. At the same time, it poses relevant risks for the privacy and informational self-determination of patients whose data are used.

Objective
Since the current literature lacks a tailored framework for risk assessment in SeConts as well as a clarification of the concept and practical scope of SeConts, we aim to fill this gap.

Methods
In this study, we analyze each element of the concept of SeConts to provide a synthetic definition, investigate the practical relevance and scope of SeConts through a literature review, and operationalize the widespread definition of risk (as a harmful event of a certain magnitude that occurs with a certain probability) to conduct a tailored analysis of privacy risk factors typically implied in SeConts.

Results
We offer a conceptual clarification and definition of SeConts and provide a list of types of research and learning activities that can be subsumed under the definition of SeConts. We also offer a proposal for the classification of SeConts types into the categories non-interventional (observational) clinical research, quality control and improvement, or public health research. In addition, we provide a list of risk factors that determine the probability or magnitude of harm implied in SeConts. The risk factors provide a framework for assessing the privacy-related risks for patients implied in SeConts. We illustrate the use of risk assessment by applying it to a concrete example.

Conclusions
In the future, research ethics committees and data use and access committees will be able to rely on and apply the framework offered here when reviewing projects of secondary use of clinical data for learning and research purposes.