bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐power sonication‐assisted extraction of soy protein from defatted soy meals: Influence of important process parameters
Authors: Rahman Md Mahfuzur , Dutta Somak , Lamsal Buddhi P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the influence of important process parameters in high‐power sonication (HPS)‐assisted alkali extraction of protein from defatted soybean flakes and flour for higher yields. HPS power densities from 90 to 720 J/mL, substrate: water ratios at 1:8, 1:10, and 1:12 (wt/vol), and extraction durations of 15‐ and 30‐min were evaluated for their impact on protein recovery from meals. Extraction was carried out at 60°C and pH 8.5, and the protein content of the supernatant was determined with bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA) assay. Flakes showed the highest protein recovery of 77.5% at 720 J/mL and 15 min extraction with an unsonicated control of 63.0%. Being smaller in particle size, flour was less susceptible to HPS treatments and showed the highest protein recovery of 80.3% at 360 J/mL and 30 min extraction with an unsonicated control of 74.3%. HPS recovered a comparable amount of protein from flakes compared to recovery from sonicated or unsonicated flours. In addition, HPS treatments resulted in shorter incubation durations and generated higher yields without further extraction at 60°C. Thus, it decreased the yield difference between incubation durations and decreased cumulative protein release rate. HPS reduced the volume‐weighted mean diameter (D[4,3]) of flakes by more than fourfold; however, it did not significantly reduce the flour size further. It can thus be summarized that HPS pretreatment breaks the cellular structure of soybean meals, mostly flakes, and can significantly increase the protein recovery from them, even when extraction times are shortened.Practical ApplicationsApplication of high‐power sonication (HPS) technology was shown to increase protein extraction yields by 10‐15% beyond conventional alkali extraction from soymeal by reducing the particle size of the meal. Conventional alkali extraction utilizes soy flour and requires 30 min incubation at 60ºC, whereas HPS pretreatment increased protein extraction yield in less incubation duration andless amount of water in the substrate based on the types of substrate. Therefore, HPS could improve protein yield and reduce the cost of production by reducing incubation duration, saving energy, and utilizing flakes instead of flourduring conventional industry scale processing.
Improving forensics: Characterizing injuries among community‐dwelling physically abused older adults
Authors: Yonashiro‐Cho Jeanine M. F. , Gassoumis Zachary D. , Wilber Kathleen H. , Homeier Diana C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPhysical elder abuse affects a substantial number of older adults, leaving victims at increased risk for negative health outcomes. Improved detection of abuse‐related injuries may increase victim access to professional support, but providers report difficulties distinguishing between accidental and abuse‐related injuries, due in part to victims' pre‐existing health conditions and medication use.ObjectivesTo describe the spectrum and characteristics of injuries among physically abused older adults and identify injury characteristics associated with abuse.DesignCase–control study.SettingPhysically abused adult protective services clients were interviewed in their home; non‐abused comparison group participants were interviewed in an outpatient geriatrics clinic.ParticipantsSample included 156 community‐dwelling adults aged 65 and older, including 57 physically abused and 99 non‐abused individuals. Self‐reported abuse history was confirmed through independent case assessment by a LEAD (Longitudinal, Expert All‐Data) panel of clinicians with family violence expertise.MeasurementsFull‐body assessments were conducted, documenting injury incidence, diagnosis, and location. We also collected sociodemographic characteristics, level of social support, functional ability, medical history, and medication use.ResultsPhysically abused older adults were more likely to be injured upon assessment (79.0% vs 63.6%; p < 0.05) and have a greater number of injuries ( vs , p < 0.05). Injuries seen more often among abused individuals included: upper extremity ecchymoses (42.1% vs 26.3%; p < 0.05), abrasions (31.6% vs 11.1%; p < 0.01), and areas of tenderness (8.8% vs 0.0%; p < 0.01); and head/neck/maxillofacial ecchymoses (15.8% vs 2.0%; p < 0.01) and tenderness (15.8% vs 0.0%; p < 0.001). Lower extremity abrasions (12.3%) were common but unrelated to abuse status.ConclusionWhile physical abuse does not always result in physical injury, victims more commonly display head/neck/maxillofacial ecchymoses or tenderness and upper extremity abrasions, ecchymoses, or tenderness. Detection of these injuries among older adults warrants further interview and examination.
NF‐YCs modulate histone variant H2A.Z deposition to regulate photomorphogenic growth in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhang Chunyu , Qian Qian , Huang Xiang , Zhang Wenbin , Liu Xu , Hou Xingliang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn plants, light signals trigger a photomorphogenic program involving transcriptome changes, epigenetic regulation, and inhibited hypocotyl elongation. The evolutionarily conserved histone variant H2A.Z, which functions in transcriptional regulation, is deposited in chromatin by the SWI2/SNF2‐RELATED 1 complex (SWR1c). However, the role of H2A.Z in photomorphogenesis and its deposition mechanism remain unclear. Here, we show that in Arabidopsis thaliana, H2A.Z deposition at its target loci is induced by light irradiation via NUCLEAR FACTOR‐Y, subunit C (NF‐YC) proteins, thereby inhibiting photomorphogenic growth. NF‐YCs physically interact with ACTIN‐RELATED PROTEIN6 (ARP6), a key component of the SWR1c that is essential for depositing H2A.Z, in a light‐dependent manner. NF‐YCs and ARP6 function together as negative regulators of hypocotyl growth by depositing H2A.Z at their target genes during photomorphogenesis. Our findings reveal an important role for the histone variant H2A.Z in photomorphogenic growth and provide insights into a novel transcription regulatory node that mediates H2A.Z deposition to control plant growth in response to changing light conditions.
Technological Frames in the Digital Age: Theory, Measurement Instrument, and Future Research Areas
Authors: Spieth Patrick , Röth Tobias , Clauss Thomas , Klos Christoph 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDigital technologies fuel technological change that generates substantial uncertainty and complexity. Corporate actors rely on their technological frames to cope with these challenges. Technological frames determine how actors interpret, assess, and shape a technology’s development, usage, and trajectory. However, the research fails to provide insights into the microfoundations that can explain the consequences of heterogeneity in technological frames. We argue that this research gap is due to a lack of a proper measurement instruments. To address this gap, we theorize on the antecedent of technological frames on the individual level and undertook a rigorous scale‐development process encompassing five steps and samples. The resulting measurement instrument assesses five distinct but interrelated dimensions of an actor’s technological frame (personal attitude, application value, organizational influence, industrial influence, and supervisor influence). This instrument provides a theoretical and methodological foundation for future research on technological frames and corporate strategizing in the digital age.
Order from chaos: A meta‐analysis of supply chain complexity and firm performance
Authors: Akın Ateş Melek , Suurmond Robert , Luzzini Davide , Krause Daniel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIncreased globalization, varying customer requirements, extended product lines, uncertainty regarding supplier performance, and myriad related factors make supply chains utterly complex. While previous research indicates that supply chain complexity plays an important role in explaining performance outcomes, the accumulating evidence is ambiguous. Thus, a finer‐grained analysis is required. By meta‐analyzing 27,668 observations across 102 independent samples from 123 empirical studies, we examine the link between supply chain complexity and firm performance. While the preponderance of evidence from previous studies identifies supply chain complexity as detrimental to firm performance, our results illustrate that although supply chain complexity has a negative effect on operational performance, it has a positive effect on innovation performance and financial performance. Furthermore, we also distinguish among different levels of supply chain (i.e., upstream, downstream, and internal) and observe nuanced findings. Finally, our findings also reveal moderating effects of construct operationalization and study design characteristics. We discuss implications for theory and practice and provide avenues for future research.
Scientific floras can be reliable sources for some trait data in a system with poor coverage in global trait databases
Authors: Cutts Vanessa , Hanz Dagmar M. , Barajas‐Barbosa Martha P. , Algar Adam C. , Steinbauer Manuel J. , Irl Severin D. H. , Kreft Holger , Weigelt Patrick , Fernandez Palacios Jose María , Field Richard 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTrait‐based approaches are increasingly important in ecology and biogeography, but progress is often hampered by the availability of high‐quality quantitative trait data collected in the field. Alternative sources of trait information include scientific floras and taxonomic monographs. Here we test the reliability and usefulness of trait data acquired from scientific floras against trait values measured in the field, and those in TRY, the most comprehensive global plant trait database.LocationTenerife and La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain.MethodsWe measured leaf area and specific leaf area (SLA) in the field for 451 native vascular plant species and compared them with equivalent trait data digitised from the most recent and comprehensive guide of the Canarian flora, and data sourced from TRY. We regressed the field‐measured traits against their equivalents estimated from the literature and used the regression models from one island to predict the trait values on the other island.ResultsFor leaf area, linear models showed good agreement between values from the scientific flora and those measured in the field (r2 = 0.86). These models were spatially transferable across islands. In contrast, for SLA we found a weak relationship between field‐measured values and the best estimates from the scientific flora (r2 = 0.11). Insufficient data were available in the TRY database for our study area to calculate trait correlations with other data sources.ConclusionsScientific floras can act as useful data sources for quantitative plant trait data for some traits but not others, whilst the TRY database contains many traits, but is incomplete in species coverage for our study region, and oceanic islands in general.
Biomechanical Effect of C5/C6 Intervertebral Reconstructive Height on Adjacent Segments in Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion ‐ A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Zhou Jia‐ming , Guo Xing , Kang Liang , Zhao Rui , Yang Xiao‐tian , Fu Yi‐bin , Xue Yuan 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the biomechanical effect of different intervertebral reconstructive heights on adjacent segments following C5/C6 anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) through finite element analysis.MethodsA finite element model of intact C4–C7 segments was developed and validated for the present study. Five additional C4–C7 postoperative models were constructed with 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, and 200% of the benchmark height of C5/C6 on the basis of the intact model. The changes in intradiscal pressure (IDP) and range of motion (ROM) of adjacent segments before and after reconstruction of C5/C6 were analyzed.ResultsFor the upper adjacent segment (C4/C5), the IDPs under the different loading conditions all increased after reconstruction. The maximum IDPs were 0.387, 0.489, 0.491, and 0.472 MPa under flexion, extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending, respectively, observed at the reconstructive height of 200%. The minimum IDPs were observed at 150% reconstructive height under all loading conditions except extension, and were 57, 86 and 81% of the maximum IDPs under flexion, axial rotation, and lateral bending, respectively. The minimum IDP under extension occurred when the reconstructive height is 125% of the benchmark height. For the lower adjacent segment (C6/C7), the IDPs of postoperative models under all loading conditions also increased compared to the preoperative model. The maximum IDPs after reconstruction under flexion, extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending were 0.402, 0.411, 0.461, and 0.497 MPa, respectively, when the height of the reconstruction was 200% of the benchmark. The minimum IDPs were observed after a reconstruction at 150% of the benchmark, and were 59%, 85%, 82%, and 81% of the maximum IDPs under flexion, extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending loading conditions.ConclusionsThe reconstructive height is an important factor affecting the IDP and the ROM of adjacent segments after ACDF. To delay the adjacent segment disease, an intervertebral reconstructive height of 150% is an appropriate height in C5/C6 ACDF.
Novel and emerging biotechnological crop protection approaches
Authors: Giudice Gaetano , Moffa Loredana , Varotto Serena , Cardone Maria Francesca , Bergamini Carlo , De Lorenzis Gabriella , Velasco Riccardo , Nerva Luca , Chitarra Walter 
Published: May 2021

SummaryTraditional breeding or genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have for a long time been the sole approaches to effectively cope with biotic and abiotic stresses and implement the quality traits of crops. However, emerging diseases as well as unpredictable climate changes affecting agriculture over the entire globe force scientists to find alternative solutions required to quickly overcome seasonal crises. In this review, we first focus on cisgenesis and genome editing as challenging biotechnological approaches for breeding crops more tolerant to biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition, we take into consideration a toolbox of new techniques based on applications of RNA interference and epigenome modifications, which can be adopted for improving plant resilience. Recent advances in these biotechnological applications are mainly reported for non‐model plants and woody crops in particular. Indeed, the characterization of RNAi machinery in plants is fundamental to transform available information into biologically or biotechnologically applicable knowledge. Finally, here we discuss how these innovative and environmentally friendly techniques combined with traditional breeding can sustain a modern agriculture and be of potential contribution to climate change mitigation.
Basic knowledge and the normativity of knowledge: The awareness‐first solution
Authors: Silva Paul 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMany have found it plausible that knowledge is a constitutively normative state, i.e. a state that is grounded in the possession of reasons. Many have also found it plausible that certain cases of proprioceptive knowledge, memorial knowledge, and self‐evident knowledge are cases of knowledge that are not grounded in the possession of reasons. I refer to these as cases ofbasic knowledge. The existence of basic knowledge forms a primary objection to the idea that knowledge is a constitutively normative state. In what follows I offer a way through the apparent dilemma of having to choose between either basic knowledge or the normativity of knowledge. The solution involves homing in on a state ofawareness(≈non‐accidental true representation) that is distinct from knowledge and which in turn grounds the normativity of knowledge in a way that is fully consistent with the existence of basic knowledge. An upshot of this is that externalist theories of knowledge turn out to be fully compatible with the thesis that knowledgeable beliefs are always beliefs that are justified by the reasons one possesses.
Different psychophysiological and clinical symptoms are linked to affective versus sensory vicarious pain experiences
Authors: Botan V. , Critchley H. D. , Ward J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFor some people, seeing pain in others triggers a pain‐like experience in themselves: these experiences can either be described in sensory terms and localized to specific body parts (sensory‐localized, or S/L) or in affective terms and nonlocalized or whole‐body experiences (affective‐general, or A/G). In two studies, it is shown that these are linked to different clinical and psychophysiological profiles relative to controls. Study 1 shows that the A/G profile is linked to symptoms of Blood‐Injection‐Injury Phobia whereas the S/L profile shows some tendency toward eating disorders. Study 2 shows that the A/G profile is linked to poor interoceptive accuracy (for heartbeat detection) whereas the S/L profile is linked to higher heart‐rate variability (HRV) when observing pain, which is typically regarded as an index of good autonomic emotion regulation. Neither group showed significant differences in overall heart rate, systolic blood pressure (SBP), or skin conductance response (SCR) when observing pain, and no overall differences in state or trait anxiety. Overall, the research points to different underlying mechanisms linked to different manifestations of vicarious pain response. Affective‐General pain responders have strong subjective bodily experiences (likely of central origin given the absence of major differences in autonomic responsiveness) coupled with a worse ability to read objective interoceptive signals. Sensory‐localized pain responders have differences in their ability to construct a multi‐sensory body schema (as evidenced by prior research on the Rubber Hand Illusion) coupled with enhanced cardiovagal (parasympathetic) reactivity often indicative of better stress adaptation.
Market resilience in times of crisis: The case of Darfur
Authors: De Matteis Alessandro , Turkmen Ceylan Fethiye Burcu , Kebede Bereket 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article focuses on market behavior during crises. It provides an analysis of market functioning in North Darfur, Sudan, over a decade when both natural and manmade disasters were experienced. Results obtained using two rigorous methodological approaches highlight how markets not only remained functional during crises, but even operated more efficiently after a shock than in normal conditions. While our analysis focuses on specific events, we argue that our findings have general validity and application.
Begin Again: Election Campaign and Own Opinions Among First‐Time Voters in Romania
Authors: Gherghina Sergiu , Rusu Elena 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveThis article analyzes under what circumstances first‐time voters are likely to be influenced by the election campaign or by their opinion prior to campaign in their vote choice.MethodsIt uses individual‐level data from an original online survey conducted among Romanian first‐time voters in the November 2019 presidential election.ResultsThe results indicate that those who trust politicians, find the campaign informative and use social media are influenced by election campaign. Those with higher political knowledge and interest follow their precampaign attitudes in casting the vote.ConclusionThe study reveals the existence of distinct causal mechanisms for young voters who are influenced at the polls by the election campaign or by their own attitude prior to campaign. This indicates the necessity to include the existence of an opinion prior to campaign in future analytical frameworks about voting behavior.
Exploring Determinants of ‘Mental Distance’ in Cross‐Border Contexts
Authors: Basche Henrik 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTState‐of‐the‐art research has identified mental distance, which is the limited perception of occurrences beyond one’s country’s border, as the main determinant of moderate cross‐border interactions in Europe. While it is well understood that mental distance is an upstream process that occurs prior to (bounded) rational decision‐making, it is not clear whether and, if so, which determinants affect the degree of mental distance. Standardised interviews with inhabitants of the Euregio Meuse–Rhine cross‐border region were conducted in 2019 to detect the potential effects of language (areas), sociodemographic characteristics and centre–periphery relations. The results demonstrate that knowledge of regionally spoken languages (German, French and Dutch) leads to a lower mental distance in four out of five cases, whereas English abilities surprisingly have the opposite effect. In addition, the outcomes indicate that centre–periphery relations can outweigh the fact that two cross‐border sub‐regions share the same official language.
A World Beyond Web of Science: AGORA Magazine's 35 Years in Dutch‐Language Human Geography
Authors: De Craene Valerie , Koelemaij Jorn , van der Zee Egbert , van Meeteren Michiel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUnderstanding human geography's development requires looking beyond high‐profile academic journals. Alternative publication circuits are spaces of experimentation and play an important role in the discipline's intergenerational reproduction. This paper narrates the 35‐year trajectory of AGORA Magazine, a Dutch–Flemish popular‐scientific early‐career publication focusing on a broad array of socio‐spatial issues. Uncovering AGORA's history guided by a network analysis of co‐occurring authors, we develop two main arguments. First, the affiliation network extracted from AGORA's archive separates the magazine's history into five eras. These periods provide a window to understand the transformations of Dutch and Flemish human geography and related disciplines during the past decades, critically reflecting the zeitgeist of research topics, approaches and ideologies. Second, we probe the value of AGORA as nursery institution for early‐career scholars, establishing myriad inter‐university and transnational connections. We conclude by assessing the value of ‘second league’ native‐language publications in the context of ongoing internationalization.
THE THEOLOGICAL PROBLEM WITH EVOLUTION
Authors: Madueme Hans 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article explores hamartiological questions at the interface of evolutionary biology and theology. Such questions include the problem of evil, the possibility of a historical fall, and the meaning of human sinfulness in light of biology. First, I examine some of the leading accounts of animal theodicy, including John Schneider's aesthetic theodicy, Christopher Southgate's compound theodicy, and Joshua Moritz's free creatures’ defense. Second, I review several non‐lapsarian accounts of how sin originated within the human story (e.g., Robert Russell's concept of entropy as the physical origin of sin). Then third, I discuss noteworthy attempts to revise the doctrine of original sin in light of evolutionary psychology. Although the quest for a post‐Darwinian doctrine of sin has prompted fascinating areas of research, I conclude that an evolutionary hamartiology remains a remarkably difficult project.