bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detangling the multilayer structure from an aggregated network
Authors: Zhang Aobo , Zeng An , Fan Ying , Di Zengru 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Multiplex interactions are common and essential in real-world systems. In many cases, we can only obtain aggregated networks without detailed information regarding the type of links contained within. Such single-layer networks oversimplify the structural information and lead to misunderstandings of some properties of real systems. In this context, network splitting which aims to correctly separate an aggregated network into multilayer networks, is a meaningful problem to address. To this end, we propose a simulated-annealing-like algorithm based on the link clustering coefficient. We verify the validity of this algorithm with several synthetic networks. Inter-similarities of layers are also taken into consideration, and we can find that the proposed method is valid even if there is a certain proportion of overlapping links between layers. Finally, we apply the algorithm to real international trading networks, which results in accurate splits of different layers.
Generation of isolated soft x-ray attosecond pulses with mid-infrared driving lasers via transient phase-matching gating
Authors: Li Baochang , Wang Kan , Tang Xiangyu , Chen Yanbo , Lin C D , Jin Cheng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Isolated attosecond pulses (IAPs) in the soft x-ray (SXR) region are highly desirable for attosecond time-resolved experiments. Here we identify a transient phase matching gating method for the generation of such IAPs with mid-infrared (MIR) lasers. This gating method works when a loosely focused, long-duration MIR Gaussian driving beam is slightly reshaped during its propagation in the gas medium under the ‘critical’ ionization condition. Quantitatively, the calculated coherence length of high harmonic is used to analyze the mechanism of the gating method, by using one-dimensional plane-wave beams and by comparing 2000 nm and 800 nm lasers. The robustness of the generation method is checked by varying laser’s carrier-envelope-phase and gas pressure. This gating method provides with an alternative route to efficiently produce tabletop ultrashort attosecond SXR light sources with the emerging MIR lasers.
M1 transition energy and rate in the ground configuration of Ag-like ions with 62 ⩽ Z ⩽ 94
Authors: Meng Ju , Li Wen-Xian , Li Ji-Guang , Wu Ze-Qing , Yan Jun , Wu Yong , Wang Jian-Guo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Systematic calculations and assessments are performed for the magnetic dipole (M1) transition energies and rates between the

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levels in the ground configuration 4d104f along the Ag-like isoelectronic sequence with 62 ⩽ Z ⩽ 94 based on the second-order many-body perturbation theory implemented in the Flexible Atomic Code. The electron correlations, Breit interaction and quantum electrodynamics effects are taken into account in the present calculations. The accuracy and reliability of our results are evaluated through comprehensive comparisons with available measurements and other theoretical results. For transition energies, our results are in good agreement with the recent experimental data obtained from the electron beam ion traps within 0.18%. The maximum discrepancy between our results and those obtained with the large-scale multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartee–Fock calculations by Grumer et al. [Phys. Rev. A
89 062501 (2014)] is less than 0.13% along the isoelectronic sequence. Furthermore, the corresponding M1 transition rates are also reported. The present results can be used as the benchmark and useful for spectra simulation and diagnostics of astrophysical and fusion plasmas.
Electronic and magnetic properties of single vacancy graphene with hydrogen adsorptions analyzed using density functional theory method
Authors: Septya Maya Mahirotul , Asih Retno , Arifin Rizal , Darminto  
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Graphene has become an exciting material to be studied because of its unique properties. One of the interesting phenomena is the change of its electronic and magnetic properties due to impurities adsorption. By using the spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT) method, we simulate single vacancy graphene with the adsorption of hydrogen atoms around the dangling bond to determine the electronic and magnetic properties of the material. In this study, we use a 4×4×1 supercell of single-layered graphene. We have four models, i.e., single vacancy graphene, and graphene with hydrogen adsorption in the dangling bond site with the atom’s variation number (H = 1, 2, 3 atoms). Our results show that the modifications of graphene in the form of single vacancy and hydrogen adsorptions makes the graphene material metal, except for the SV+2H model which shows a semiconductor characteristic. The presence of a single vacancy affects the magnetic moment of the modeled graphene layer. A single vacancy on the modeled graphene layer results in a total magnetic moment of 0.69 µB/cell. In the single vacancy graphene with three hydrogen atoms adsorption, we acquire the total magnetic moment of 0.15 µB/cell. This study shows that defects in the forms of vacancies and adsorption of hydrogen atoms can initiate magnetism on graphene. These results open a way of using graphene to create nanomagnetic devices.
Effect of ultrasonic treatment on the preparation of zirconia pillared bentonite as a catalyst
Authors: Agustian E , Rachmawati A , Purba N D E , Rinaldi N , Juwono A L 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Bentonite is material from soil and has unique properties. Because of these properties, bentonite has been exploited widely for different utilization. Bentonite has a simple structure that collapses at elevated temperatures. Then, it was required to prepare zirconia to be pillared with high surface area and particular active site. Ultrasonic treatment was an alternative technology for preparation of zirconia pillared bentonite. Modified of structure and surface active site with variable condition ultrasonic on power output (30%, 50%, 70%) with 20 kHz and 20 minutes preparation of zirconia pillared bentonite were studied using by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), chemisorption and Nitrogen gas sorption technique. The results were confirmed that the presence of polycation zirconium under ultrasonic indicated an increase in the basal spacing from 14.93 Å to 19.42 Å and 10 times increase of specific surface area from 25.150 m2/g to 265.076 m2/g. It was confirmed that ultrasonic treatment with three type variations caused significant change in the structure of bentonite and obtained the highest increase in surface area. Activity of catalytic provided an effective and efficient conversion on the esterification reaction. Finally, it was found that the higher power output ultrasonic treatment at 70% of power output resulted in partial damage of the pillar bentonite.
Synthesis of Pseudobrookite Fe2-xAlxTiO5 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) Powders
Authors: Irhamsyah A. , Lusiana L. , Wannapaiboon S. , Baqiya MA. , Pratapa S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Synthesis of Fe2-xAlxTiO5 (0≤x≤0.5) powders has been successfully conducted by using the solid state reaction method. The powders were made by mixing the ironstone-derived Fe2O3 and commercial TiO2 powder. Meanwhile, a commercial Al (NO3)3.9H2O precursor was used as the source of Al. The Fe2O3, TiO2, and Al(NO3)3.9H2O powders at the designated composition were mixed and then ground for 5 hours at 330 rpm in a planetary ball mill. Subsequently, the powder mixtures were calcined at 1100 °C for 1 h. Synchrotron x-ray diffractometry (SXRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were used to characterize the phases and microstructures. SXRD data showed that a single-phase pseudobrookite Fe2TiO5 formed for all samples. A further quantitative analysis showed that the lattice parameter and cell volume values decreased with the increase of x which indicated the success of Al doping in the Fe2TiO5 structure. The morphology of Fe2-xAlxTiO5 grains from SEM images revealed an oval and elongated shapes, in accordance with the crystal structure of the phase.
Hydrophobicity of tetraethyl-orthosilicate-derived silica coating at various concentrations
Authors: Zainuri Mochamad , Dini Putri W , Bintoro A.S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Research on hydrophobic coating material with variations in the concentration of 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 % particles silicate to painting binder were successfully synthesized by the sol-gel method and with the basic ingredients Tetraethyl Orthosilicate (TEOS). Hydrophobic coatings based on Tetraethyl Orthosilicate (TEOS) are characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), Water Contact Angle (WCA) and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-VIS). The results showed that Tetraethyl Orthosilicate (TEOS) silica particles had an amorphous structure with a smooth circular morphology and a particle diameter of 1μm. The effect of variations in the concentration of silica on the glass substrate of hydrophobic coating is the higher the concentration silica tends to be the decrease value of hydrophobicity and transmittance The highest value of hydropobicity occurs at a concentration of 1 % with a contact angle of 80o and transparency of 80%, This is best compared to higher silica concentrations for both hydropobicity and transparency parameters.
Comparative study of two different reflectors, zincalume steel and aluminum foil tape in the application of solar cookers
Authors: Nurul Amalia Silviyanti S , Santoso  
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The amount of energy resources from fossil fuels continue to decrease, these lead to high demand for renewable energy. One of the biggest energy resources in our nature is solar power. A solar cooker is a device that uses solar power to cook a meal. The performance and temperature of solar cookers depend on the material we use in the device. One of the most important components in solar cooking is reflector because solar cookers use a mirrored reflector to collect and transfer sun rays into the cooking pot to increase the temperature inside the pot. This paper compares two different materials as a reflector in solar cookers. The first reflector is aluminum foil tape, these materials are very cheap, light, easy to use so it could be applied in many designs. The Second reflector used was zincalume steel, it has the highest reflector among other thin steel available in the market. The design of panel reflector from aluminum foil tape was 4 rectangular and the design of zincalume steel reflector similar to cone. The performance of two different reflectors has been analyzed in Solar cookers used to boil 500ml water for 120 minutes. Water temperature from the first and the second reflector showed a similar result. It showed that reflector made from aluminum foil tape and zincalume steel has similar reflectivity.
Effect of Natural Dye Extracting Solvents on the Performance of Dye-Sensitised Solar Cells
Authors: Nasyori A , Noor F A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSCs) have attracted immense attention in photovoltaics research and development due to the low cost of fabrication, sustainability and use of abundant natural resources. Natural dyes were adapted to DSSCs as a sensitiser but unfortunately proved to have poor efficiency. Herein, we manufactured two organic dyes from yellow and red gambier fruits and treated both dyes with methanol and isopropyl alcohol. The photoanode and photocathode were prepared from TiO2, sensitiser and indium thin dioxide (ITO); and carbon and indium thin dioxide, respectively. An electrolyte was made by mixing potassium iodide and iodine. The doctor blade method was used to add the semiconductor to the surface of the conducting ITO. UV–Vis and FTIR spectroscopic measurements have been performed to determine the absorbance and functional groups in the gambier extracts. From the analysis of UV–Vis and FTIR spectra, and photovoltaic measurements made under solar irradiation, we found that the gambier extracts are dominated by tannin and flavonoids and that dyes using isopropyl alcohol as the solvent have higher efficiency than using methanol, respectively. This indicates that the gambier extracts and solvents might influence the performance of DSSCs.
Low-Cost Germicidal UV LED as Candidate Light Source for Portable and Field Spectrometer
Authors: Sakti S P , Anggraeni D , Putro T 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diode (UV LED) is becoming popular, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. UV LED has a specific wavelength with relatively narrow bandwidth, especially the one that has a shorter wavelength. On the other hand, UV LED has advantages in its low power consumption, compact size, and longer lifetime. This work shows that a wider bandwidth can be elicited by combining multiple UV LED sources. We have measured several low-cost UV LED, which is used as a germicidal lamp using a portable spectrometer that can detect a wavelength from 200 nm to 850 nm. The combined UV LED spectrum light ranges from 254 nm UVC to 400 nm UVA. The light spectrum produced by the LED shows a form of the Gaussian distribution model. Some LEDs have a peak wavelength at UVC around 270nm, and LEDs have a peak wavelength around 400nm at UVA. We can conclude that the low-cost UV LED can be used as a light source for portable or field spectrometers for specific wavelength.
Thingview Free: Application of Smart Greenhouse for Chilli Plant on Android
Authors: Fatimah I , Indarto B , Anggoro D , Arfianto B 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Monitoring and controlling of the greenhouse climate are carried out so that the climate in the greenhouse is in accordance with the growth requirements of the chili plants in it. Automation is carried out using a humidifier, plant watering can, space heater, and fan. Microclimates that are controlled include soil humidity, temperature, and humidity. The actuator is connected to the SHT11 sensor and soil moisture sensor. The sensor is connected to the Arduino Uno so that it can give commands to the actuator. Then the ESP-01 wifi module is connected to the Arduino Uno so that the sensor reading data will be sent to the Thingspeak database to be monitored. The results of this study are humidity and temperature data before and after automation. The data after automation shows the values that match the growing requirements of chilies, namely air temperature of 20°C to 30°C, humidity of 60% to 80% and soil moisture> 50%. Monitoring of microclimate conditions in the greenhouse can be done through the Thingview Free application on android which is limited to 8 graphs in real time. Microclimate control using several actuators in the greenhouse shows that the greenhouse automation system is already running according to the microclimate conditions required by chili plants.
Earthquake detection and location for Earthquake Early Warning Using Deep Learning
Authors: Anggraini S. , Wijaya S. K. , Daryono  
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Earthquake Early Warning System (EEWS) is a warning system that provides information about the estimated S wave arrival time, which can cause significant and destructive seismic energy using the information carried by the P wave. Technological advances in analyzing data supported by big data, the interconnection between networks, and high-performance computing systems in the era of the 4.0 industrial revolution have posed challenges to process and analyze earthquake early warning using modern seismological techniques. Early identification of earthquake events is the key to time efficiency to accelerate the dissemination of information. Here, we implement deep learning for early detection and classification of the earthquake P wave and noise signals using raw historical data from 3 component BMKG single station (2014 -2020) in the subduction zone of West Sumatra. The feature selection of the waveform is only selected for earthquakes distance in the cluster close to the station centroid. Statistically, the results of training and testing show good and convergent performance. This result is a preliminary study of deep learning, which is targeted at the classification of earthquakes p wave and noise signals and its association to estimate early earthquake location using 3 component record channels.
Multi-soliton states of spherically symmetric quartic submodels in five dimensional Skyrme Model
Authors: Fadhilla Emir Syahreza , Gunara Bobby Eka , Atmaja Ardian Nata 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We investigate spherically symmetric quartic submodels of five dimensional Skyrme model. By introducing a slightly modified ansatz which allows the topological charge B ≥ 1, we obtain a multi-solitonic solution. This multi-soliton state converges to the well-known B = 1 case satisfying the BPS limit which shows that the corresponding Bogomolny equation exists. The solutions are ”topologically degenerate” since there are multiple solutions with the same topological charge but different energies, with the exception on the prime topological charge which gives only a single value of energy. There is also a possible repulsive effect because the multi-soliton state energy is higher than the sum of the unit-soliton energy.
A readout system for microwave kinetic inductance detectors using software defined radios
Authors: Shafiee M. , Fedorov D. , Grossan B. , Kizheppatt V. , Smoot G.F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) are typically readout using custom high-speed electronics and firmware, a challenging and time-intensive undertaking. We have developed a readout system for these devices using a software defined radio (SDR), a software implementation of radiofrequency signal processing. The SDR allows use of pre-existing software libraries and minimizes specialized firmware coding, a significant reduction in effort. We customized our SDR to readout mm and optical band MKIDs with resonant frequencies of 1.8-2 GHz and 2-2.2 GHz respectively. We used this readout system to measure the sensitivity of our MKIDs devices to visible light. We show that SDRs are a good candidate for small pixel count MKIDs readout systems, and make recommendations for readout systems for larger Pixel count arrays.
Wavelength-shifting performance of polyethylene naphthalate films in a liquid argon environment
Authors: Abraham Y. , Asaadi J. , Basque V. , Castiglioni W. , Dorrill R. , Febbraro M. , Hackett B. , Kelsey J. , Littlejohn B.R. , Parmaksiz I. , Rooks M. , Szelc A.M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Liquid argon is commonly used as a detector medium for neutrino physics and dark matter experiments in part due to its copious scintillation light production in response to its excitation and ionization by charged particle interactions.
As argon scintillation appears in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) regime and is difficult to detect, wavelength-shifting materials are typically used to convert VUV light to visible wavelengths more easily detectable by conventional means.
In this work, we examine the wavelength-shifting and optical properties of poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN), a recently proposed alternative to tetraphenyl butadiene (TPB), the most widely-used wavelength-shifter in argon-based experiments.
In a custom cryostat system with well-demonstrated geometric and response stability, we use 128 nm argon scintillation light to examine various PEN-including reflective samples' light-producing capabilities, and study the stability of PEN when immersed in liquid argon.
The best-performing PEN-including test reflector was found to produce 34% as much visible light as a TPB-including reference sample, with widely varying levels of light production between different PEN-including test reflectors.
Plausible origins for these variations, including differences in optical properties and molecular orientation, are then identified using additional measurements.
Unlike TPB-coated samples, PEN-coated samples did not produce long-timescale light collection increases associated with solvation or suspension of wavelength-shifting material in bulk liquid argon.
Do new bike lanes impact air pollution exposure for cyclists?—a case study from Berlin
Authors: Schmitz Seán , Caseiro Alexandre , Kerschbaumer Andreas , von Schneidemesser Erika 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Cities in the 21st century are dynamically changing in response to environmental and societal pressures, not least among which are climate change and air pollution. In some of these metropoles, such as Berlin, a transformation of mobility systems has already begun. Along a mid-sized street in Berlin, a measurement campaign was conducted in 2020 to accompany the construction of a bike lane and the implementation of a community space along one of the side-streets. Using the new technology of low-cost sensors, higher resolution measurements of local air quality were enabled. Stationary and mobile measurements were taken using EarthSense Zephyr sensor systems before and after the construction of the bike lane and during the timeframe when the community space was in place. It was found that the implementation of the bike lane led to a reduction in NO2 exposure for cyclists. During periods when the community space was in place, a reduction in NO2 concentrations was also measured. This study highlights not only the utility of low-cost sensors for the measurement of urban air quality, but also their value in a science-policy context. Measuring local air quality changes in response to traffic interventions will enhance understanding of the associated health benefits, especially in connection with measures promoting more sustainable modes of active travel. More research of this nature is needed to gain a clear understanding of the impacts of traffic interventions on local air quality for better protection of human health.
Thermodynamically consistent semi-compressible fluids: a variational perspective
Authors: Eldred Christopher , Gay-Balmaz François 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper presents (Lagrangian) variational formulations for single and multicomponent semi-compressible fluids with both reversible (entropy-conserving) and irreversible (entropy-generating) processes. Semi-compressible fluids are useful in describing low-Mach dynamics, since they are soundproof. These models find wide use in many areas of fluid dynamics, including both geophysical and astrophysical fluid dynamics. Specifically, the Boussinesq, anelastic and pseudoincompressible equations are developed through a unified treatment valid for arbitrary Riemannian manifolds, thermodynamic potentials and geopotentials. By design, these formulations obey the 1st and 2nd laws of thermodynamics, ensuring their thermodynamic consistency. This general approach extends and unifies existing work, and helps clarify the thermodynamics of semi-compressible fluids. To further this goal, evolution equations are presented for a wide range of thermodynamic variables: entropy density s, specific entropy η, buoyancy b, temperature T, potential temperature θ and a generic entropic variable χ; along with a general definition of buoyancy valid for all three semicompressible models and arbitrary geopotentials. Finally, the elliptic equation for the pressure perturbation (the Lagrange multiplier that enforces semi-compressibility) is developed for all three equation sets in the case of reversible dynamics, and for the Boussinesq/anelastic equations in the case of irreversible dynamics; and some discussion is given of the difficulty in formulating it for the pseudoincompressible equations with irreversible dynamics.