bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fusarium pallidoroseum: A potential entomopathogenic agent for the biological management of Aphis gossypii
Authors: Srivastava Ritu , Shukla Amritesh Chandra 
Published: June 2021

With rising need of switching over to sustainable agricultural practices, utilization of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) as biocontrol agents, provides better substitute against chemical pesticides- having several side-effects. Therefore, an attempt have been made to explore the potential EPF fungi that could be incorporated into IPM practices for control of Helicoverpa armigera Hubner and Aphis gossypii Glover. Regarding this, an entomopathogenic fungus, Fusarium pallidoroseum (Cooke) Sacc, was isolated from natural population of H. armigera infesting chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and explored efficacy under in-vitro & field conditions. The findings of present investigation shows efficacy of F. pallidoroseum as potential biocontrol agent against okra aphid (A. gossypii), as it inflicted initial mortality of 43.33% nymphs on 2nd day and lead to complete annihilation (93.33%) of nymph population on 8th day of spore suspension application at 1x1010 spores/mL concentration. The observations against adult okra aphid clearly demonstrated that spraying of 1 x 1010 spores/mL of F. pallidoroseum resulted 66.67% mortality after 8th days of spraying. Increased mortality was recorded with increase in spore suspension concentrations. The LC50 & LC90 value for F. pallidoroseum against nymphs of A. gossypii was recorded 3.79 x 105 and 2.74 x 108, respectively. The findings were used to develop formulations (1 × 104 to 1 × 1010 spore suspension/mL conc), and tested at field-level. The results showed that formulation at 1 x 1010 spores/mL conc was most effective against A. gossypii, recorded 93.33% mortality of nymphs & 66.67% mortality of adults; could be used under IPM practices.
Comparative Study of Municipal Solid Waste Fuel and Refuse Derived Fuel in the Gasification Process Using Multi Stage Downdraft Gasifier
Authors: Mujiarto Sigit , Sudarmanta Bambang , Fansuri Hamzah , Saleh Arif Rahman 
Published: June 2021

Municipal solid waste (MSW) is a type of general waste that includes households, traditional markets, commercial areas, and the rest from public facilities, schools, offices, roads, and so on. Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) is obtained from the remnants of MSW which cannot be used anymore, which is flammable waste and is separated from parts that are difficult to burn through the process of chopping, sifting, and air classification. RDF has potential as an alternative energy source. In this study, RDF fuel was compared with MSW fuel both by proximate and calorific value, then the gasification process was carried out using a multi-stage downdraft gasifier to see gasification performance indicators such as syngas composition, LHV, cold gas efficiency, and tar concentration. The results showed that the gasification performance indicator for MSW biomass resulted in the syngas composition of CO = 19.08% v, H2 = 10.89% v, and CH4 = 1.54% v. The calorific value (Low Heating Value, LHV ) of syngas is 4,137 kJ/kg, cold gas efficiency is 70.14%, and tar content is 57.29 mg/Nm3. Meanwhile, RDF obtained the composition of CO gas: 18.68% v, H2: 9.5446% v, and CH4: 0% v. The maximum LHV syngas is 3365.08 kJ/kg, cold gas efficiency is 57.19 % and the smallest tar content is 80.24 mg/Nm3. When compared to RDF, MSW produces a better gasification performance indicator. However, RDF can still be used as an alternative energy source using the gasification process. The results of this study can be used to optimize the further RDF gasification process.
Persepsi Visual Penyandang Tunagrahita: Studi Deskriptif Olah Gambar Pada Sekolah Luar Biasa Yayasan Amal Mulia
Authors: Ruslan Arief , Hidayat Arif Nur , Logiana Archita Desia 
Published: June 2021

People with tunagrahita are generally categorized as mental retardation. Several studies have seen that one of the effective learning concepts is through visual and audio-visual forms. But in drawing education, mentally retarded persons have different patterns in response to visual meaning. Visual perception is built on coarse motor concepts in processing images which are not always done easily. This research is developed with a descriptive qualitative methodology to see and describe what forms and image models are easy to difficult the draw process. Retrieval of the research data was through mentally retarded children from the Extraordinary School of the Amal Mulia Foundation by processing images in three forms, namely lines, shape models, and combinations of shapes. The preliminary findings in this study were that students with mental retardation had difficulties in drawing shapes that were not straight or solid, such as curves and circles, even though the students were still able to process according to directions in not too long.
Keywords: mental retardation; drawing; visual perception; shape models; education.
Lung Metastases Versus Second Primary Lung Cancers in Patients with Primary Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: A National Population-Based Assessment
Authors: Taylor Jacob , Weiner Adam B. , Wang Binhuan , Balar Arjun V. , Steinberg Gary D. , Matulewicz Richard S. 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: The work-up and diagnosis of indeterminate lung nodules at time of bladder cancer diagnosis may delay or change treatment. OBJECTIVE: To quantify the incidence of synchronous and metachronous lung cancers in adults with bladder cancer and compare these rates to the incidence of bladder cancer metastases in the lung. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed all adults diagnosed with bladder cancer in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry (2010– 2015) and identified second primary lung cancers defined as being either synchronous (diagnosed within 6 months of bladder cancer diagnosis) or metachronous (more than 6 months following index bladder cancer diagnosis). The risk of second primary lung cancers were reported as a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) reflecting observed and expected case ratios. RESULTS: A total of 88,335 patients diagnosed with bladder cancer were included. Among adults with NMIBC ( n = 66,071) and MIBC ( n = 18,879), 0.3% and 3.9% had bladder cancer metastatic to the lungs at diagnosis. Synchronous second primary lung cancers were diagnosed in 0.4% and 0.7% of patients with NMIBC and MIBC, respectively. Compared to the general population, the SIR for synchronous lung cancers among adults with NMIBC was 2.5 (95% CI 2.3– 2.9) and was 4.7 (95% CI 4.0– 5.6) for adults with MIBC. CONCLUSIONS: Bladder cancer metastatic to the lung is more common in adults with MIBC compared to NMIBC. There are similar frequencies of synchronous second primary lung cancers regardless of initial bladder cancer stage.
Distribution of nematodoses of poultry in farms of Poltava region
Authors: Korchan L. , Zamaziy A. 
Published: June 2021

The task of meeting the needs of the population with high-quality poultry products is to create a stable veterinary welfare in farms of various forms of ownership by in-depth study of the epizootic situation of nematodoses, which are registered in poultry. This will effectively develop and implement a system of treatment and prevention measures and reduce the incidence and death of poultry, especially from mixed helminthiasis. The aim of the work was to study the species composition, distribution and features of the course of nematodoses of the digestive tract in poultry in the farms of Poltava region. A total of 241 coprooscopic studies of chickens and 186 – geese were performed. Parasitological studies have shown that nematodoses of the digestive tract among domestic geese and chickens in farms of Poltava region are very common invasive diseases, where the extensiveness of invasion ranges from 16.59 to 74.69 %. In the studied chickens, pathogens of heterakosis (EI – 74.69 %), ascaridiosis (41.49 %), capillariosis (31.54 %), trihostrongilosis (16.59 %) were detected. Among the studied geese, pathogens of heterakosis (41.94 %), amidostomosis (27.42 %), capillariosis (25.81 %) and trihostrongilosis (16.67 %) were found. It is proved that nematodoses of the digestive tract mainly occur in the form of polyinvasions. In 67.22 % of patients with nematodoses of chickens, the simultaneous course of several parasitic pathogens was established, in geese this figure was 57.69 %. Monoinvasions were detected in 32.78 and 42.31 % of patients with nematodoses of chickens and geese, respectively. Out of the polyinvasions of chickens, two-component ones predominated, where heterakosis-capillariosic and ascaridiosis-heterakosic were most often diagnosed (51.24 and 33.06 % of patients with polyinvasions). Ascaridiosis-trihostrongilosis-capillariosic (9.92 %) and heterakosis-trihostrongilosis-capillariosic (5.78 %) invasions were less frequent. Among geese, heterakosis-capillariosic (40 % of patients with polyinvasions) and amidostomosis-capillariosic (28.89 %) invasions dominated among polyinvasions. A smaller percentage were heterakosis-amidostomosis-capillariosic (20 %) and amidostomosis-trihostrongilosis (11.11 %) invasions. Prospects for further research are to establish the effectiveness of modern anthelmintics in polyinvasions of geese and chickens.
Patógenos em peixes de ambientes naturais e de cultivo no Estado do Maranhão: Uma visão geral e perspectivas para pesquisa
Authors: Nascimento Isa Rosete Mendes Araújo , Souza Antonio Carlos Freitas , Silva Ladilson Rodrigues , Bezerra Carine Almeida Miranda , Sousa Rebeca Ramos , Abreu Aldeane Soares de , Sousa Denise da Silva , Serra Ilka Márcia Ribeiro de Souza , Bezerra Nancyleni Pinto Chaves , Cantanhede Selma Patrícia Diniz 
Published: June 2021

Na busca pelo conhecimento sobre sanidade de peixes a compreensão das interações ecológicas é fundamental, mas por um longo tempo houve negligência nos estudos sobre os parasitas que os afetam. Os trabalhos com patógenos de peixes no Estado do Maranhão ainda são insuficientes e por essa razão este trabalho vem com o objetivo de realizar um levantamento de pesquisas científicas desenvolvidas no período de 2010 a 2020 sobre os de patógenos em peixes de ambientes naturais e de cultivo deste estado. Utilizou-se como estratégias metodológicas a busca sistemática por artigos científicos nas plataformas Web of Science, Google Acadêmico, Pubmed, ASFA, Scopus e SciELO, no período compreendido entre 2010 a 2020, com o intuito de reunir informações sobre o tópico em estudo. Os resultados foram separados por categoria de agentes etiológicos pela diversidade de classes e técnicas distintas utilizadas nas pesquisas levantadas. Os dados obtidos evidenciam que os peixes podem ser acometidos por crustáceos ectoparasitas, bacterioses, nemátodas, protozoários, mixosporídeos, fungos, monogenóideas e vírus, porém no Maranhão as pesquisas com esses parasitas de peixes ainda são incipientes, neste sentido destaca-se a necessidade de mais estudos sobre sanidade de peixes nesta região. Além disso, estudos detalhados sobre o ciclo de vida dos parasitas e suas vias de transmissão com finalidade de prevenir as infecções, bem como a construção de um plano de ação com estratégias de tratamento, controle e prevenção dessas patologias serão de grande relevância em estudos futuros e ambientalmente sustentáveis.
Análise multifractal do índice de precipitação padronizado
Authors: Silva Antonio Samuel Alves da , Menezes Rômulo Simões Cezar , Stosic Tatijana 
Published: June 2021

Em muitos países tropicais incluindo Brasil observou-se que as mudanças nos padrões de chuva causam inundações e secas com tendência a continuar se agravar durante século 21. Para diminuir as consequências na vida e saúde humana, atividades econômicas, ecossistemas e infraestrutura é necessário desenvolver modelos de previsão mais confiáveis. O primeiro passo nesta direção é uma análise detalhada da variabilidade climática na região estudada. Neste trabalho analisou-se propriedades multifractais das séries temporais do Índice de Precipitação Padronizado (SPI), desenvolvido para classificar condições secas/úmidas de acordo com severidade. Este índice foi calculado para diferentes escalas de tempo (1, 3, 6 e 12 meses) e analisado utilizando o método Multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis. Os parâmetros de complexidade do espectro multifractal (posição de máximo, largura e assimetria) junto com o expoente de Hurst, mostraram que as séries de SPI são geradas pelo processo multifractal com multifractalidade e persistência mais forte para maiores escalas de acumulação da chuva.
Using 3D CityGML for the Modeling of the Food Waste and Wastewater Generation—A Case Study for the City of Montréal
Authors: Braun Reiner , Padsala Rushikesh , Malmir Tahereh , Mohammadi Soufia , Eicker Ursula 
Published: June 2021

The paper explains a workflow to simulate the food energy water (FEW) nexus for an urban district combining various data sources like 3D city models, particularly the City Geography Markup Language (CityGML) data model from the Open Geospatial Consortium, Open StreetMap and Census data. A long term vision is to extend the CityGML data model by developing a FEW Application Domain Extension (FEW ADE) to support future FEW simulation workflows such as the one explained in this paper. Together with the mentioned simulation workflow, this paper also identifies some necessary FEW related parameters for the future development of a FEW ADE. Furthermore, relevant key performance indicators are investigated, and the relevant datasets necessary to calculate these indicators are studied. Finally, different calculations are performed for the downtown borough Ville-Marie in the city of Montréal (Canada) for the domains of food waste (FW) and wastewater (WW) generation. For this study, a workflow is developed to calculate the energy generation from anaerobic digestion of FW and WW. In the first step, the data collection and preparation was done. Here relevant data for georeferencing, data for model set-up, and data for creating the required usage libraries, like food waste and wastewater generation per person, were collected. The next step was the data integration and calculation of the relevant parameters, and lastly, the results were visualized for analysis purposes. As a use case to support such calculations, the CityGML level of detail two model of Montréal is enriched with information such as building functions and building usages from OpenStreetMap. The calculation of the total residents based on the CityGML model as the main input for Ville-Marie results in a population of 72,606. The statistical value for 2016 was 89,170, which corresponds to a deviation of 15.3%. The energy recovery potential of FW is about 24,024 GJ/year, and that of wastewater is about 1,629 GJ/year, adding up to 25,653 GJ/year. Relating values to the calculated number of inhabitants in Ville-Marie results in 330.9 kWh/year for FW and 22.4 kWh/year for wastewater, respectively.
Monitoring of Laser Powder Bed Fusion by Acoustic Emission: Investigation of Single Tracks and Layers
Authors: Kouprianoff D. , Yadroitsava I. , du Plessis A. , Luwes N. , Yadroitsev I. 
Published: June 2021

Quality concerns in laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) include porosity, residual stresses and deformations during processing. Single tracks are the fundamental building blocks in L-PBF and their shape and geometry influence subsequent porosity in 3D L-PBF parts. The morphology of single tracks depends primarily on process parameters. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate an approach to acoustic emission (AE) online monitoring of the L-PBF process for indirect defect analysis. This is demonstrated through the monitoring of single tracks without powder, with powder and in layers. Gas-borne AE signals in the frequency range of 2–20 kHz were sampled using a microphone placed inside the build chamber of a L-PBF machine. The single track geometry and shape at different powder thickness values and laser powers were studied together with the corresponding acoustic signals. Analysis of the acoustic signals allowed for the identification of characteristic amplitudes and frequencies, with promising results that support its use as a complementary method for in-situ monitoring and real-time defect detection in L-PBF. This work proves the capability to directly detect the balling effect that strongly affects the formation of porosity in L-PBF parts by AE monitoring.
Fractional Anisotropy in Selected, Motor-Related White Matter Tracts and Its Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations With Motor Function in Healthy Older Adults
Authors: Oschwald Jessica , Mérillat Susan , Jäncke Lutz , Seidler Rachael D. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundWhile it is well-known that deficits in motor performance and brain structural connectivity occur in the course of healthy aging, it is still unclear if and how these changes are related to each other. While some cross-sectional studies suggest that white matter (WM) microstructure is positively associated with motor function in healthy older adults, more evidence is needed. Moreover, longitudinal data is required to estimate whether similar associations can be found between trajectories of change in WM microstructure and motor function. The current study addresses this gap by investigating age-associations and longitudinal changes in WM microstructure and motor function, and the cross-sectional (level-level) and longitudinal (level-change, change-change) association between these two domains.MethodWe used multiple-occasion data (covering 4 years) from a large sample (N= 231) of healthy older adults from the Longitudinal Healthy Aging Brain (LHAB) database. To measure WM microstructure, we used diffusion-weighted imaging data to compute mean FA in three selected WM tracts [forceps minor (FMIN); superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF); corticospinal tract (CST)]. Motor function was measured via two motor speed tests (grooved pegboard, finger tapping) and one motor strength test (grip force test), separately for the left and the right hand. The statistical analysis was conducted with longitudinal growth curve models in the structural equation modeling framework.ResultsThe results revealed longitudinal decline and negative cross-sectional age-associations for mean WM FA in the FMIN and SLF, and for motor function in all tests, with a higher vulnerability for left than right hand motor performance. Regarding cross-domain associations, we found a significant positive level-level correlation among mean WM FA in the FMIN with motor speed. Mean FA in SLF and CST was not correlated with motor performance measures, and none of the level-change or change-change associations were significant. Overall, our results (a) provide important insights into aging-related changes of fine motor abilities and FA in selected white matter tracts associated with motor control, (b) support previous cross-sectional work showing that neural control of movement in older adults also involves brain structures outside the core motor system and (c) align with the idea that, in healthy aging, compensatory mechanisms may be in place and longer time delays may be needed to reveal level-change or change-change associations.
Creation of Tissue-Engineered Urethras for Large Urethral Defect Repair in a Rabbit Experimental Model
Authors: Amesty Maria Virginia , Chamorro Clara Ibel , López-Pereira Pedro , Martínez-Urrutia María José , Sanz Beatriz , Rivas Susana , Lobato Roberto , Fossum Magdalena 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Tissue engineering is a potential source of urethral substitutes to treat severe urethral defects. Our aim was to create tissue-engineered urethras by harvesting autologous cells obtained by bladder washes and then using these cells to create a neourethra in a chronic large urethral defect in a rabbit model.Methods: A large urethral defect was first created in male New Zealand rabbits by resecting an elliptic defect (70 mm2) in the ventral penile urethra and then letting it settle down as a chronic defect for 5–6 weeks. Urothelial cells were harvested noninvasively by washing the bladder with saline and isolating urothelial cells. Neourethras were created by seeding urothelial cells on a commercially available decellularized intestinal submucosa matrix (Biodesign® Cook-Biotech®). Twenty-two rabbits were divided into three groups. Group-A (n = 2) is a control group (urethral defect unrepaired). Group-B (n = 10) and group-C (n = 10) underwent on-lay urethroplasty, with unseeded matrix (group-B) and urothelial cell-seeded matrix (group-C). Macroscopic appearance, radiology, and histology were assessed.Results: The chronic large urethral defect model was successfully created. Stratified urothelial cultures attached to the matrix were obtained. All group-A rabbits kept the urethral defect size unchanged (70 ± 2.5 mm2). All group-B rabbits presented urethroplasty dehiscence, with a median defect of 61 mm2 (range 34–70). In group-C, five presented complete correction and five almost total correction with fistula, with a median defect of 0.3 mm2 (range 0–12.5), demonstrating a significant better result (p = 7.85 × 10−5). Urethrography showed more fistulas in group-B (10/10, versus 5/10 in group-C) (p = 0.04). No strictures were found in any of the groups. Group-B histology identified the absence of ventral urethra in unrepaired areas, with squamous cell metaplasia in the edges toward the defect. In group-C repaired areas, ventral multilayer urothelium was identified with cells staining for urothelial cell marker cytokeratin-7.Conclusions: The importance of this study is that we used a chronic large urethral defect animal model and clearly found that cell-seeded transplants were superior to nonseeded. In addition, bladder washing was a feasible method for harvesting viable autologous cells in a noninvasive way. There is a place for considering tissue-engineered transplants in the surgical armamentarium for treating complex urethral defects and hypospadias cases.