bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the capability of hybrid data-driven approaches to forecast monthly streamflow using hydrometric and meteorological variables
Authors: Azarpira Fariba , Shahabi Sajad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractStreamflow forecasting, as one of the most important issues in hydrological studies, plays a vital role in several aspects of water resources management such as reservoir operation, water allocation, and flood forecasting. In this study, wavelet-gene expression programming (WGEP) and wavelet-M5 prime (WM5P) techniques, as two robust artificial intelligence (AI) models, were applied for forecasting the monthly streamflow in Khoshkroud and Polroud Rivers located in two basins with the same names. Results of hybrid AI techniques were compared with those achieved by two stand-alone models of GEP and M5P. Seven combinations of hydrological (H) and meteorological (M) variables were considered to investigate the effect of climatic variables on the performance of the proposed techniques. Moreover, the performance of both stand-alone and hybrid models were evaluated by statistical criteria of correlation of coefficient, root-mean-square error, index of agreement, the Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient, and relative improvement. The statistical results revealed that there is a dependency between ‘the M5P and GEP performance’ and ‘the geometric properties of basins (e.g., area, shape, slope, and river network density)’. It was found that a preprocessed technique could increase the performance of M5P and GEP models. Compared to the stand-alone techniques, the hybrid AI models resulted in higher performance. For both basins, the performance of the WM5P model was higher than the WGEP model, especially for extreme events. Overall, the results demonstrated that the proposed hybrid AI approaches are reliable tools for forecasting the monthly streamflow, while the meteorological and hydrometric variables are taken into account.
A study of inline chemical coagulation/precipitation-ceramic microfiltration and nanofiltration for reverse osmosis concentrate minimization and reuse in the textile industry
Authors: Çelebi Mehtap Dursun , Dilaver Mehmet , Kobya Mehmet 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) is one of the major drawbacks in membrane treatment technologies specifically due to the scale-forming ions. It is important to remove these ions from ROC to enhance total water recovery and reuse in the textile industry that is the largest water-consumer and polluter industry. In this work, coagulation/high pH precipitation (CP) integrated with ceramic microfiltration (CMF) was studied as a pre-treatment method followed by nanofiltration (NF) to increase the efficiency of water recovery. To prevent organic fouling, ferric chloride (FeCl3) was applied at a concentration of 3 mM, and ceramic membranes were used for the removal of non-precipitating crystals and/or suspended solids (at high pH) before the NF processes. The CP-CMF method successfully removed calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), silica (SiO2), and TOC up to 97, 83, 92, and 87% respectively, which resulted in higher performance of the NF process. Moreover, this method provided higher flux at lower pressure that ultimately increased overall water recovery of the NF process to achieve near-zero liquid discharge (n-ZLD). A cost–benefit estimation showed that a high-quality effluent (COD&lt;5 mg/L; conductivity 700&lt;μS/cm; negligible residual color) can be generated and recycled in the textile industry at an economical cost (approximately 0.97 USD/m3). Therefore, ROC minimization and water recovery can help to achieve n-ZLD using the CP-CMF/NF method.
Investigating colloid-associated transport of cadmium and lead in a clayey soil under preferential flow conditions
Authors: Zhang Wenjie , Jiang Fengyong , Sun Wenjing 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Colloids have a high adsorption capacity and can be mobile under preferential flow, and so may facilitate heavy metal migration. Heavy metal migration with soil colloids in a clayey soil under preferential flow conditions was investigated through experiments. Adsorption tests were carried out to determine the adsorption of Cd2+ and Pb2+ to the clay and colloids. The preferential flow characteristics in the soil column were investigated by dye tracing tests. The mobility of soil colloids in the soil column was studied by breakthrough tests. Leaching tests of cadmium and lead with and without colloids were carried out. The adsorption tests showed that soil colloids adsorbed more cadmium and lead than the silty clay. The dye tracing tests showed that moderate preferential flow in the soil column can be obtained by choosing clod-size distribution and dry density. The co-leaching test showed that the outflow of cadmium and lead was 1.49 and 33.88 times greater with colloids than without, respectively. The heavy metals adsorbed onto clay and the pore concentrations were both lower with colloids than without, indicating more heavy metals migrated downward with colloids. The migration of cadmium and lead was greatly enhanced by colloids under preferential flow conditions.
Janowe wyrażenie „Jednorodzony w łonie Ojca” (J 1,18) w kontekście Targumu Neofiti 1
Authors: Chwiła Dorota 
Published: October 2021

Ewangelia Janowa jest ściśle związana ze środowiskiem judeochrześcijańskim, gdzie obecne były idee teologiczne zawarte w targumach. Jednym z nich jest Targum Neofiti 1, który używa specyficznych wyrażeń na określenie Boga. Są to: Memra (Słowo), Jekara (Chwała) i Szekina (Obecność). Te sformułowania opisują Boga, są jakby Jego innym imieniem, ale można zauważyć, że są w pewnym oddzieleniu od Niego. To przekonanie widoczne jest również w Ewangelii Janowej. Tak jak „Jednorodzony” będący w łonie Ojca jest Kimś odrębnym od osoby Ojca, tak też zauważalna jest ta ścisła i nierozerwalna więź wyrażona poprzez obraz przebywania w łonie Ojca (J 1,18). Niniejszy artykuł ukazuje znaczenie wyrażenia „Jednorodzony w łonie Ojca” w kontekście biblijnym i targumicznym. Pozwala to na głębsze wniknięcie w sens omawianego wyrażenia, jak i idei ojcostwa Boga ukazanego na kartach czwartej Ewangelii.
Ketogenic Diet: A Promising Neuroprotective Composition for
Managing Alzheimer’s Diseases and its Pathological Mechanisms
Authors: Sridharan Badrinathan , Lee Meng-Jen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract:
Ketogenic diet and ketone bodies gained significant attention in recent years
due to their ability to influence the specific energy metabolism and restoration of
mitochondrial homeostasis that can help in hindering the progression of many metabolic
diseases, including diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. A ketogenic diet consists
of high fat and low carbohydrate contents, which makes the body glucose deprived and
rely on alternative sources (ketone bodies) for energy. It has been initially designed and
supplemented for the treatment of epilepsy, and, later, its influence on many energyderiving
biochemical pathways made it a highly sorted food supplement for many
metabolic diseases and even for bodybuilding and calorie restriction in healthy
individuals. Among the reported therapeutic action over a range of diseases,
neurodegenerative disorders, especially Alzheimer’s disease, gained the attention of
many researchers and clinicians because of the higher benefits of the ketogenic diet on
this disease. Complex pathology and multiple influencing factors of Alzheimer’s disease
make exploration of its therapeutic strategies a demanding task. It was a common
phenomenon that energy deprivation in neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s
disease, progress rapidly. The ability of ketone bodies to stabilize the mitochondrial
energy metabolism makes it a suitable intervening agent. In this review, we will discuss
various research progress made with regards to ketone bodies/ketogenic diet for the
management of Alzheimer’s disease and elaborate in detail about the mechanisms that
are influenced during their therapeutic action.
Artificial Intelligence against COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comprehensive
Insight
Authors: Masood Sarfaraz , Equbal Azhar , Equbal Iftekhar , Ahmad Shafi , Khan Noor Zaman , Khan Zahid A. 
Published: October 2021

:
COVID-19 is a pandemic initially identified in Wuhan, China, which is caused by a novel
coronavirus, also recognized as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-nCoV-2). Unlike
other coronaviruses, this novel pathogen may cause unusual contagious pain, which results in
viral pneumonia, serious heart problems, and even death. Researchers worldwide are continuously
striving to develop a cure for this highly infectious disease, yet there are no well-defined absolute
treatments available at present. Several vaccination drives using emergency use authorisation
vaccines have been held across many countries; however, their long-term efficacy and side-effects
studies are yet to be studied. Various analytical and statistical models have been developed, however,
their outcome rate is prolonged. Thus, modern science stresses the application of state-of-the-art
methods to combat COVID-19. This paper aims to provide a deep insight into the comprehensive
literature about AI and AI-driven tools in the battle against the COVID-19 pandemic. The high efficacy
of these AI systems can be observed in terms of highly accurate results, i.e., > 95%, as reported
in various studies. The extensive literature reviewed in this paper is divided into five sections,
each describing the application of AI against COVID-19 viz. COVID-19 prevention, diagnostic, infection
spread trend prediction, therapeutic and drug repurposing. The application of Artificial Intelligence
(AI) and AI-driven tools are proving to be useful in managing and fighting against the
COVID-19 pandemic, especially by analysing the X-Ray and CT-Scan imaging data of infected
subjects, infection trend predictions, etc.
Sarcomatoid Carcinoma Of The Mediastinal : A Rare Case of Giant Mass Thymic Carcinoma Subtype
Authors: Santoso Agus Andreas , Parsama Putra Ngakan Putu , Setiawan Ungky Agus , Isharanto Artono , Erawati Dini Rachma , Yudhanto Hendy Setyo 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTTitle:Â Sarcomatoid CarcinomaÂ Of The Mediastinum: AÂ Rare Case of Giant MassÂ Thymic CarcinomaÂ SubtypeAuthor: Agus Andreas Santoso, MD. Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine Department, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia. Supervisor: Ngakan Putu Persama Putra, MD, Pulmonologist Consultant, Ungky Agus Setiawan, MD, Pulmonologist Consultant, Artono I, MD, Cardiovascular and Thorax Surgeon, Dini Rachma Erawati, MD, Radiologist Consultant, Hendy Setyo Yudhanto, MD, Pathology Anatomy Specialist.Introduction: Sarcomatoid carcinoma is a type of thymus carcinoma that contains partial or complete spindle cells. Incidence of Sarcomatoid Carcinoma 5-10% of all patients with thymic carcinoma. Carcinoma Sarcomatoid is a highly progressive tumor, mostÂ patients will die after 3 years of diagnosis despite aggressive multimodality therapy.Case Description:Â A 47-year-old woman with chest pain, shortness of breath, coughing, weight loss, enlargingÂ lump in the neck and chest was felt for 1 month. Physical and supporting examination showed anterior superior mediastinal tumors and soft mass tissue in the right region of the Colli. Based on the Transthoracal FNAB Guiding ultrasound and FNAB the anterior colli region concluded that Thymoma, thyroid oncocytic adenoma and Nodular colloid goiter with azkanasy cell proliferation. The patientÂ hadÂ Partial Sternotomy (Hemiclamshell), thymectomy with the final diagnosis of Sarcomatoid Carcinoma.Â Discussion:Â Sarcomatoid carcinoma is a type of thymic carcinomaÂ that hasÂ both malignant epithelium (carcinomatous) and spindle cells (sarcomatous/sarcomatoid), generally with a transition between the two. This caseÂ wasÂ interesting because of the rare occurrence of Sarcomatoid Carcinoma plus the large size of tumor mass in thisÂ patient.Â
ГЕНДЕРНІ ВІДМІННОСТІ ХАРАКТЕРУ ХАРЧУВАННЯ ХВОРИХ ПРАЦЕЗДАТНОГО ВІКУ З ОЖИРІННЯМ ТА АРТЕРІАЛЬНОЮ ГІПЕРТЕНЗІЄЮ
Authors: Коваль Сергій , Рєзнік Лариса , Старченко Татьяна , Пенькова Марина , Мисниченко Ольга 
Published: October 2021

Мета: вивчення гендерних відмінностей характеру харчування хворих працездатного віку з абдомінальним ожирінням (АО) та артеріальною гіпертензією (АГ) (мешканців України).
Матеріали і методи. Обстежено 84 хворих на АО І-ІІ ступеня з АГ 2-3 ступеня (44 чоловіки і 40 жінок) у віці -40-59 років (мешканців України). Характер харчування хворих вивчали за допомогою аналізу анкети - «щоденника добового харчування». Статистична обробка даних проведена за допомогою комп’ютерної програми SPSS 19.0. для Windows XP.
Результати. У хворих працездатного з АО та АГ- і у чоловіків, і у жінок (мешканців України) виявлені суттєві порушення норм здорового харчування: перевищення загальної енергетичної цінності добового раціону, порушення фізіологічного добового розподілу їжі за її калорійністю, підвищення споживання жирів та вуглеводів, насичених жирних кислот, транс-ненасичених жирних кислот, моносахаридів, солі та алкоголю на тлі значного зменшення споживання харчових волокон. Встановлено, що добовий раціон у чоловіків достовірно відрізнявся від такого у жінок більш високою енергетичною цінністю, більшим вмістом жирів, у тому числі, насичених жирних кислот, та меншим вмістом харчових волокон. Чоловіки також більш часто "досолювали їжу" та вживали алкоголь, ніж жінки.
Висновки. Встановлені значні гендерні відмінності характеру харчування хворих працездатного з АО та АГ, які необхідно враховувати при корекції дієти у даної категорії хворих.
Validation of Fitbit Charge 2 Sleep and Heart Rate Estimates Against Polysomnographic Measures in Shift Workers: Naturalistic Study
Authors: Stucky Benjamin , Clark Ian , Azza Yasmine , Karlen Walter , Achermann Peter , Kleim Birgit , Landolt Hans-Peter 
Published: October 2021

Background
Multisensor fitness trackers offer the ability to longitudinally estimate sleep quality in a home environment with the potential to outperform traditional actigraphy. To benefit from these new tools for objectively assessing sleep for clinical and research purposes, multisensor wearable devices require careful validation against the gold standard of sleep polysomnography (PSG). Naturalistic studies favor validation.

Objective
This study aims to validate the Fitbit Charge 2 against portable home PSG in a shift-work population composed of 59 first responder police officers and paramedics undergoing shift work.

Methods
A reliable comparison between the two measurements was ensured through the data-driven alignment of a PSG and Fitbit time series that was recorded at night. Epoch-by-epoch analyses and Bland-Altman plots were used to assess sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, the Matthews correlation coefficient, bias, and limits of agreement.

Results
Sleep onset and offset, total sleep time, and the durations of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non–rapid-eye movement sleep stages N1+N2 and N3 displayed unbiased estimates with nonnegligible limits of agreement. In contrast, the proprietary Fitbit algorithm overestimated REM sleep latency by 29.4 minutes and wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO) by 37.1 minutes. Epoch-by-epoch analyses indicated better specificity than sensitivity, with higher accuracies for WASO (0.82) and REM sleep (0.86) than those for N1+N2 (0.55) and N3 (0.78) sleep. Fitbit heart rate (HR) displayed a small underestimation of 0.9 beats per minute (bpm) and a limited capability to capture sudden HR changes because of the lower time resolution compared to that of PSG. The underestimation was smaller in N2, N3, and REM sleep (0.6-0.7 bpm) than in N1 sleep (1.2 bpm) and wakefulness (1.9 bpm), indicating a state-specific bias. Finally, Fitbit suggested a distribution of all sleep episode durations that was different from that derived from PSG and showed nonbiological discontinuities, indicating the potential limitations of the staging algorithm.

Conclusions
We conclude that by following careful data processing processes, the Fitbit Charge 2 can provide reasonably accurate mean values of sleep and HR estimates in shift workers under naturalistic conditions. Nevertheless, the generally wide limits of agreement hamper the precision of quantifying individual sleep episodes. The value of this consumer-grade multisensor wearable in terms of tackling clinical and research questions could be enhanced with open-source algorithms, raw data access, and the ability to blind participants to their own sleep data.
Central COVID-19 Coordination Centers in Germany: Description, Economic Evaluation, and Systematic Review
Authors: Schopow Nikolas , Osterhoff Georg , von Dercks Nikolaus , Girrbach Felix , Josten Christoph , Stehr Sebastian , Hepp Pierre 
Published: October 2021

Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Central COVID-19 Coordination Centers (CCCCs) have been established at several hospitals across Germany with the intention to assist local health care professionals in efficiently referring patients with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection to regional hospitals and therefore to prevent the collapse of local health system structures. In addition, these centers coordinate interhospital transfers of patients with COVID-19 and provide or arrange specialized telemedical consultations.

Objective
This study describes the establishment and management of a CCCC at a German university hospital.

Methods
We performed economic analyses (cost, cost-effectiveness, use, and utility) according to the CHEERS (Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards) criteria. Additionally, we conducted a systematic review to identify publications on similar institutions worldwide. The 2 months with the highest local incidence of COVID-19 cases (December 2020 and January 2021) were considered.

Results
During this time, 17.3 requests per day were made to the CCCC regarding admission or transfer of patients with COVID-19. The majority of requests were made by emergency medical services (601/1068, 56.3%), patients with an average age of 71.8 (SD 17.2) years were involved, and for 737 of 1068 cases (69%), SARS-CoV-2 had already been detected by a positive polymerase chain reaction test. In 59.8% (639/1068) of the concerned patients, further treatment by a general practitioner or outpatient presentation in a hospital could be initiated after appropriate advice, 27.2% (291/1068) of patients were admitted to normal wards, and 12.9% (138/1068) were directly transmitted to an intensive care unit. The operating costs of the CCCC amounted to more than €52,000 (US $60,031) per month. Of the 334 patients with detected SARS-CoV-2 who were referred via EMS or outpatient physicians, 302 (90.4%) were triaged and announced in advance by the CCCC. No other published economic analysis of COVID-19 coordination or management institutions at hospitals could be found.

Conclusions
Despite the high cost of the CCCC, we were able to show that it is a beneficial concept to both the providing hospital and the public health system. However, the most important benefits of the CCCC are that it prevents hospitals from being overrun by patients and that it avoids situations in which physicians must weigh one patient’s life against another’s.
Scrutinizing the Political and Economic Dynamics of China's Distribution of Vaccines in Securitizing Health
Authors: Siregar Christou Imanuel , Napitupulu Theo Gerald 
Published: October 2021

In the previous Pandemic of the H5N1 virus, the world is facing an uneven distribution of the vaccine. The irony is that developed countries get more access to vaccines compared to the country with more cases especially the global south countries. Today, the world is facing another pandemic which is The Covid-19 Pandemic. This virus vaccine has been found by Russia but has not yet gained international trust. According to experts, China is the country with the most potential to produce this vaccine. However, after the vaccine is successfully produced, there is no assurance that the vaccine will evenly be distributed as mandated by WHO. Based on these considerations, the researcher aimed to project the possibilities of vaccine distribution from China to global south countries. Researchers want to analyze the influence of a country's economic capacity and international politics on vaccine distribution, especially with China. To achieve this objective, we will compare the political and economic situation during the H5N1 pandemic and the political and economic situation during the Covid-19 pandemic. Countries used for comparison are Kenya, Yemen, the Philippines, and Indonesia. These four countries were chosen because it could represent different conditions of political and economic relations. The expected result is that we will get an overview of the distribution of the Covid-19 vaccine when China has started the distribution of the vaccine. We hope that this paper can be a consideration for developing countries' governments to be more sensitive and intense in carrying out vaccine diplomacy.
The Disruption of Personal Protection Equipment Supply Chain: What Can We Learn from Global Value Chain in the Time of Covid-19 Outbreak?
Authors: Andaneswari Annisa Kirana , Rohmadiena Qonitah 
Published: October 2021

Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted many aspect of life and it has sought to multifaceted crisis in a global scale. With the continued of health crisis caused by this communicable disease, medical device and personal protection equipment become precious commodity for the general public and healthcare professionals. Therefore, there is a growing demand of Personal Protection Equipment especially face mask and N95 respirators in all over countries. Unfortunately, the decade of expansive trade had been distorted by pandemic of Covid-19 that made the medical supplies cannot meet the global demand. Prior to the outbreak of covid-19, there was an interdependency of medical supplies trade through Global Value Chain. GVC had made the production of medical supplies are effectively fragmented and globally integrated. This article tries to examine the architecture of global medical supply through the lens of Global Value Chain (GVC) before and after pandemic. Using a qualitative methodology this article tries to provide analytical descriptive on global medical devices fragmentation. We use the full UN Comtrade data from 1990 to 2018, Foreign Direct Investment Data from OECD and mass media news to track the shifting of medical devices production during pandemic. The main results indicate that the worsening situation of Pandemic Covid-19 has brought state actors and non-state actors to create new pattern in GVC to provide medical devices worldwide. Finally, this article aims to cast a light on the importance of global cooperation and trade interdependency during crisis.