bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond the stethoscope: managing ambulatory heart failure during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Oseran Andrew S. , Afari Maxwell E. , Barrett Conor D. , Lewis Gregory D. , Thomas Sunu S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere have been nearly 70 million cases of COVID‐19 worldwide, with over 1.5 million deaths at the time of this publication. This global pandemic has mandated dramatic changes in healthcare delivery with a particular focus on social distancing in order to reduce viral transmission. Heart failure patients are among the highest utilizers of health care and are at increased risk for COVID‐related vulnerabilities. Effectively managing this complex and resource‐intensive patient population from a distance presents new and unique challenges. Here, we review relevant data on telemedicine and remote monitoring strategies for heart failure patients and provide a framework to help providers treat this population during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This includes (i) dedicated pre‐visit contact and planning (i.e. confirm clinical appropriateness, presence of compatible technology, and patient comfort); (ii) utilization of virtual clinic visits (use of telehealth platforms, a video‐assisted exam, self‐reported vital signs, and weights); and (iii) use of existing remote heart failure monitoring sensors when applicable (CardioMEMS, Optivol, and HeartLogic). While telemedicine and remote monitoring strategies are not new, these technologies are emerging as an important tool for the effective management of heart failure patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic. In general, these strategies appear to be safe; however, additional data will be needed to determine their effectiveness with respect to both process and outcomes measures.
Usefulness of CHADS2, R2CHADS2, and CHA2DS2‐VASc scores for predicting incident atrial fibrillation in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction patients
Authors: Wu Yuzhong , Xie Zengshuo , Liang Weihao , Xue Ruicong , Wu Zexuan , Wu Dexi , He Jiangui , Zhu Wengen , Liu Chen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsCoexisting of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) could increase the risk of mortality. In this study, we aimed to assess the values of the CHADS2, R2CHADS2, and CHA2DS2‐VASc scores for AF prediction in HFpEF patients.Methods and resultsWe performed a retrospective analysis on symptomatic HFpEF patients in the TOPCAT (Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist) trial. Associations of the CHADS2, R2CHADS2, and CHA2DS2‐VASc scores with the risk of incident AF in HFpEF patients without baseline AF (n = 2202) were assessed using the multivariable competing risk regression models. The discriminatory performances of these scores were calculated using the C‐index. During a median follow‐up of 3.3 years, the average incidence of AF was 1.80 per 100 patient‐years in HFpEF patients. When score was analysed as a continuous variable, per 1‐point increase in the CHADS2 (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20–1.68, C‐index: 0.71), R2CHADS2 (HR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.10–1.42, C‐index: 0.69), or CHA2DS2‐VASc (HR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.16–1.46, C‐index: 0.70) scores was associated with an increased risk of incident AF. When score was analysed as a categorical variable, patients with CHADS2 ≥ 3 (HR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.70–4.04), R2CHADS2 ≥ 3 (HR = 2.55, 95% CI: 1.56–4.17), or CHA2DS2‐VASc ≥ 4 (HR = 2.54, 95% CI: 1.59–4.07) had a higher risk of incident AF compared with the corresponding controls.ConclusionsOur data first suggest that the CHADS2, R2CHADS2, and CHA2DS2‐VASc scores could predict the risk of incident AF in HFpEF patients with modest predictive abilities.
Two Different Thiosemicarbazone Tauto‐Conformers Coordinate to Palladium (II). Stability and Biological Studies of the Final Complexes
Authors: Fabra David , Matesanz Ana I. , Herrero Jorge M. , Alvarez Cristina , Balsa Lucia M. , Leon Ignacio E. , Quiroga Adoracion G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThiosemicarbazone moiety is a valuable scaffold for the synthesis of metallic complexes with anticancer purposes, when bearing N‐heterocyclic the final compounds possess diverse biological activities. Using thiazole as bioisosteres, the resulting thiosemicarbazones can afford synthetic drugs with a variety of pharmacological effects. Trying to elucidate, if metal complexes from α‐N‐heterocyclic thiosemicarbazones can achieve more selectivity versus special tumor lines, we have developed new metal complexes with 1H imidazole‐4‐carboxaldehyde 4 N‐p‐tolyl‐ and 4 N‐phenylthiosemicarbazone (HL1and HL2respectively). The solution studies of these ligands showed a tautomeric equilibria in solution and their reaction with Li2PdCl4proved the stability of both forms affording two mononuclear Pd(II) complexes. Both tautomeric forms are clearly coordinated to palladium center acting as two different bidentate ligands. Palladium complexes’ stability in biological buffers was investigated to stablish the optimal conditions for the evaluation of cytotoxicity, that on the triple negative adenocarcinoma cell line showed IC50values in the low micromolar range. Complexes were also studied with CT DNA (UV‐Visible spectroscopy and viscosity) and with the pBR322 plasmid supercoiled models, indicating non covalent interaction.
The (mis)fit of policy programs to political institutions and its influence on programmatic action – How crisis has differently hit French and German health policy
Authors: Hornung Johanna 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Programmatic Action Framework (PAF) is a relatively new theoretical perspective that adds a complementary lens to the explanation of policy processes and policy change. Yet, a key requirement of a valid policy process framework is its capacity to be proven wrong. Besides the empirical cases that provide evidence for the occurrence of programmatic action, it is necessary to present examples in which programmatic action did not occur, and to explain why this is the case. Proceeding from the observation that programmatic groups and policy programs existed in French and German health policy throughout the 1990s, this contribution answers the question why in 2020, programmatic action is still present in France but not in Germany and why the German policy program did not survive the financial crisis of 2008. It argues that misfit to pre‐existing institutional logics and changing institutional logics in the course of programmatic action hinder program success.
A Toxic Unit and Additive Index Approach to Understanding the Interactions of 2 Piscicides, 3-Trifluoromethyl-4-Nitrophenol and Niclosamide, in Rainbow Trout
Authors: Hepditch Scott L.J. , Birceanu Oana , Wilkie Michael P. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The toxic unit and additive index approaches were used to understand how 2 pesticides, 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and 2,5-dichloro-4-nitrosalicylanilide (niclosamide; Nic), interact in mixtures. Our first objective was to determine whether the interaction was strictly additive or greater than additive at doses comparable to those used to control invasive sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Laurentian Great Lakes, and our second was to compare the utility of the toxic unit and additive index models for determining how TFM and Nic interacted. Typically, TFM is mixed with Nic (1–2%, w/v) to increase its potency and reduce TFM use. However, there is little information on how the 2 chemicals interact. Using a well-studied, resident nontarget fish, the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), we conducted toxicity tests with TFM, Nic, and TFM:Nic (100:1, w/v; TFM/1% Nic) mixtures over 12 h to determine if the interaction was strictly additive, less than additive (antagonistic), or greater than additive (synergistic). The toxic unit and additive index approaches indicated synergistic interactions at environmentally relevant concentrations, suggesting that both are valid approaches for predicting how TFM and Nic interact. The toxic unit approach was simpler to conceptualize and to calculate, and we recommend that it be used when describing how TFM and Nic, and other similar organic compounds, interact with each other in aquatic ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1419–1430. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
A selective role for the mPFC during choice and deliberation, but not spatial memory retention over short delays
Authors: Kidder Kevan S. , Miles Jesse T. , Baker Phillip M. , Hones Victoria I. , Gire David H. , Mizumori Sheri J. Y. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractImportant interactions between memory and decision‐making processes are required to maintain high‐levels of spatial working memory task performance. Past research reveals that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus (HPC) are both vital structures involved in these processes. Recent evidence suggests that interactions between these two structures are dynamic and task dependent. However, there exists uncertainty surrounding the specific conditions that recruit mPFC contributions to these tasks, specifically regarding its role in retaining information online during delay periods. To address this issue, we tested rats on a spatial‐delayed alternation task in which we utilized a closed‐loop optogenetic system to transiently disrupt mPFC activity during different task epochs (delay, choice, return). By analyzing the effects of mPFC disruption on choice accuracy and a deliberative behavior known as vicarious‐trial‐and‐error (VTE), our study revealed several interesting findings regarding the role of the mPFC in spatial‐working memory tasks. The main findings include: (a) choice accuracy in the spatial‐delayed alternation (SDA) task was impaired when the mPFC was disrupted during the choice epoch and not delay or return epochs, (b) mPFC disruption resulted in a non‐epoch specific reduction in VTE occurrence which correlated with impairments in task performance. Taken together, findings from this study suggest that, during spatial decision‐making, contributions made by the mPFC are specific to points of deliberation and choice (not delay), and that VTEs are a deliberative behavior which relies on intact mPFC function.
Contemporary management of breast cancer in Nigeria: Insights from an institutional database
Authors: Olasehinde Olalekan , Alatise Olusegun , Omisore Adeleye , Wuraola Funmilola , Odujoko Oluwole , Romanoff Anya , Akinkuolie Akinbolaji , Arowolo Olukayode , Adisa Adewale , Knapp Gregory , Famurewa Olusola , Omisile Idowu , Onabanjo Emmanuella , Constable Jeremy , Omoniyi‐Esan Ganiyat , Adesunkanmi Abdul‐Rasheed , Lawal Oladejo , Kingham Thomas P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHigh‐quality data are needed to guide interventions aimed at improving breast cancer outcomes in sub‐Saharan Africa. We present data from an institutional breast cancer database to create a framework for cancer policy and development in Nigeria. An institutional database was queried for consecutive patients diagnosed with breast cancer between January 2010 and December 2018. Sociodemographic, diagnostic, histopathologic, treatment and outcome variables were analyzed. Of 607 patients, there were 597 females with a mean age of 49.8 ± 12.2 years. Most patients presented with a palpable mass (97%) and advanced disease (80.2% ≥ Stage III). Immunohistochemistry was performed on 21.6% (131/607) of specimens. Forty percent were estrogen receptor positive, 32.8% were positive for HER‐2 and 43.5% were triple negative. Surgery was performed on 49.9% (303/607) of patients, while 72% received chemotherapy and 7.9% had radiotherapy. At a median follow‐up period of 20.5 months, the overall survival was 43.6% (95% CI −37.7 to 49.5). Among patients with resectable disease, 18.8% (57/303) experienced a recurrence. Survival was significantly better for early‐stage disease (I and II) compared to late‐stage disease (III or IV) (78.6% vs 33.3%, P < .001). Receipt of adjuvant radiotherapy after systemic chemotherapy was associated with improved survival in patients with locally advanced disease (68.5%, CI −46.3 to 86 vs 51%, CI 38.6 to 61.9, P < .001). This large cohort highlights the dual burden of advanced disease and inadequate access to comprehensive breast cancer care in Nigeria. There is a significant potential for improving outcomes by promoting early diagnosis and facilitating access to multimodality treatment.
Multinational working capital management a study on Toyota Motor Corporation
Authors: Bhattacheryay Suranjan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe purpose of the study is to explore the influence of three factors on working capital management—fixation of current assets level—level of investment for each type of current asset components—sourcing of finance at competitive rate. A further study is made on MNCs effectiveness in managing working capital besides to weigh how they re‐position profits, cash flows and capital within to maximize profitability. Present globalised and integrated economy, facilitate MNCs to internationalise business by acquiring intangible assets besides optimising resources. MNCs all these activities invite challenges in continuing global presence. In‐spite of all odds, MNCs generate, capture value by applying unique business models besides combining with or buying foreign business and play a major force in driving globalisation of world economy. The study is descriptive and based on secondary data, sourced from the annual reports of Toyota Motor Corporation. Statistical techniques like coefficient of correlation, correlation matrix and least squares method, are used for analysis and past six years performances are critically analyzed to justify research questions. The message of the paper is to have now a well‐designed global fund transfer policy, economy friendly tax regime and modest regulations in lessening MNCs challenges.
Co‐movement of foreign exchange rate returns and stock market returns in an emerging market: Evidence from the wavelet coherence approach
Authors: He Xingxing , Gokmenoglu Korhan K. , Kirikkaleli Dervis , Rizvi Syed Kumail Abbas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the causal relationship between the Turkish stock market returns, namely XU100, and foreign exchange rates, namely USD/TRY and EUR/TRY, in Turkey using the wavelet coherence approach. In this study, we focus on the period from April 2000 to March 2019. Our findings reveal the following: (i) While we identify substantial volatility in the exchange rate during the 2000 November (banking crisis), 2001 February (economic crisis), and 2018 July (exchange rate crisis) periods, significant volatility was observed in the Turkish stock market during the 2000 banking crisis, 2001 economic crisis, and 2008 global crisis periods; (ii) There is a negative correlation between the Turkish stock market and foreign exchange rates at different frequencies over the selected sample period; (iii) A unidirectional causality runs from the Turkish stock market to foreign exchange rates between 2000 and 2004 at a scale of 4 months and between 2008 and 2012 at a scale of 32 months; (iv) Although inconsistent results are observed for the models of USD/TRY‐XU100 and EUR/TRY‐XU100, our empirical results show that the correlations between USD/TRY and XU100 are stronger than between EUR/TRY and XU100.
Acceptance and commitment therapy and the therapeutic relationship: Rupture and repair
Authors: Walser Robyn D. , O'Connell Manuela 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe therapeutic relationship is an essential part of effective therapy. Therapists facing a rupture in this alliance are challenged to mend the discord in a forward moving and effective treatment service. In acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) the alliance is characterized by client and therapist working together, using the core processes of ACT, creating a vital and moment‐by‐moment collaborative experience. As a transdiagnostic, behavioral intervention, acceptance, and mindfulness processes and commitment and behavioral change processes are used to create meaningful and engaged lives. ACT's core methods promote psychological flexibility in response to problems in living, psychopathology, and enhancement of general well‐being. However, flexibility in session can be lost to therapeutic ruptures. In ACT, processes such as defusion, perspective‐taking, choice, and values play a role in restoring a cooperative, engaged alliance repair. We will explore the therapeutic relationship within the ACT model and present its perspective on rupture and repair in psychotherapy.
Role of Toll‐like receptors in the pathogenesis of COVID‐19
Authors: Khanmohammadi Shaghayegh , Rezaei Nima 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has led to a pandemic since March 2020. The exact pathogenesis of SARS‐CoV‐2 and the role of each component of the innate and adaptive immune system is still unknown. However, available data from other coronavirus families, such as SARS‐CoV and the Middle East respiratory syndrome and also new findings could be useful for a better understanding of SARS‐CoV‐2. Toll‐like receptors (TLR) play an important role in recognition of viral particles and activation of the innate immune system. Activation of TLR pathways leads to secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐α, as well as type 1 interferon. Different TLRs, like TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR6, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 are potentially important in COVID‐19 infection. It is also worth mentioning that we should bear in mind both the beneficial and harmful effects of TLR in confronting COVID‐19 infection. TLRs could be a potential target in controlling the infection in the early stages of disease and production of vaccine against SARS‐CoV‐2.
Clinical significance of cellular immunity function and inflammatory factors assays in alveolar lavage fluid for severe COVID‐19 pneumonia
Authors: Liao Liang , Yang Guo‐hui 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to investigate the changes of lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+) and inflammatory factors (interleukin‐6 [IL‐6], hypersensitive C‐reactive protein [HS‐CRP], and procalcitonin [PCT]) of alveolar lavage fluid in patients with severe corona virus‐2019 (COVID‐19) pneumonia and their clinical impact on the assessment of disease severity and prognosis. Twenty‐four patients with severe COVID‐19 pneumonia were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the Ezhou Central Hospital from February 1 to March 22, 2020. According to the 28‐day prognosis, they were assigned to a death group and a survival group. On the 3rd day of ICU admission, peripheral blood and alveolar lavage fluid were collected for examination of lymphocyte subsets and inflammatory factors by flow cytometry and immunoturbidimetry, respectively. The CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cell counts in alveolar lavage fluid and serum were significantly higher in the survival group than those of the death group (p < .05). The levels of IL‐6, HS‐CRP, and PCT in the alveolar lavage fluid and serum of the death group were statistically higher than those of the survival group (p < .05); The CD3+, CD4+ cell count, and IL‐6 level were negatively correlated with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores, respectively (p < .05). The CD4+ cell and SOFA score have a regression relationship for the prognosis of COVID‐19 severe patients. The CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ cells, and IL‐6 levels are valuable in determining the prognosis of severe COVID‐19 pneumonia and are strongly correlated with the severity of the disease; the CD4+ cell is an independent risk factor affecting the prognosis of COVID‐19 pneumonia.
Multiplexed analysis of circulating IgA antibodies for SARS‐CoV‐2 and common respiratory pathogens in COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Fang Zhang‐fu , Sun Bao‐qing , Zhu Ai‐ru , Lin Lian‐cheng , Zhao Jin‐cun , He Song , Huang Shau‐Ku , Zhong Nan‐shan , Liu Zhi‐gang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have revealed a diagnostic role of pathogen‐specific IgA in respiratory infections. However, co‐detection of serum specific IgA for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and common respiratory pathogens remains largely unexplored. This study utilizes a protein microarray technology for simultaneous and quantitative measurements of specific IgAs for eight different respiratory pathogens including adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus type A, influenza virus type B, parainfluenza virus, mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae, and SARS‐CoV‐2 in serum sample of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). A total of 42 patients with COVID‐19 were included and categorized into severe cases (20 cases) and nonsevere cases (22 cases). The results showed that co‐detection rate of specific‐IgA for SARS‐CoV‐2 with at least one pathogen were significantly higher in severe cases than that of nonsevere cases (72.2% vs. 46.2%, p = .014). Our study indicates that co‐detection of IgA antibodies for respiratory pathogens might provide diagnostic value for the clinics and also be informative for risk stratification and disease management in patients with COVID‐19.
Functional analysis of the F337C mutation in the CLCN1 gene associated with dominant myotonia congenita reveals an alteration of the macroscopic conductance and voltage dependence
Authors: Jehasse Kevin , Jacquerie Kathleen , de Froidmont Alice , Lemoine Camille , Grisar Thierry , Stouffs Katrien , Lakaye Bernard , Seutin Vincent 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundMyotonia congenita (MC) is a common channelopathy affecting skeletal muscle and which is due to pathogenic variants within the CLCN1 gene. Various alterations in the function of the channel have been reported and we here illustrate a novel one.MethodsA patient presenting the symptoms of myotonia congenita was shown to bear a new heterozygous missense variant in exon 9 of the CLCN1 gene (c.1010 T > G, p.(Phe337Cys)). Confocal imaging and patch clamp recordings of transiently transfected HEK293 cells were used to functionally analyze the effect of this variant on channel properties.ResultsConfocal imaging showed that the F337C mutant incorporated as well as the WT channel into the plasma membrane. However, in patch clamp, we observed a smaller conductance for F337C at −80 mV. We also found a marked reduction of the fast gating component in the mutant channels, as well as an overall reduced voltage dependence.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first report of a mixed alteration in the biophysical properties of hClC‐1 consisting of a reduced conductance at resting potential and an almost abolished voltage dependence.