bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coverage versus response time objectives in ambulance location
Authors: Janosikova Ludmila , Jankovic Peter , Kvet Marek , Zajacova Frederika 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: This paper deals with the location of emergency medical stations in a large-scale area. Operations research tools are used to design a new infrastructure that reflects demographic changes.Methods: A bi-criteria mathematical programming model is proposed. The criteria include the accessibility of high-priority patients in a short time limit and response time of all patients. The model is compared with the p-median model with a single response time objective and with a hierarchical pq-median model that considers different vehicle types. A detailed computer simulation model is used to evaluate the solutions.Results: The methodology is verified in the conditions of the Slovak Republic using real historical data on ambulance trips. Considerable improvements regarding the average response time, coverage of population and coverage of high-risk patients can be achieved by redistributing current stations. In a large-scale area, the coverage objective does not work well. It does not outperform the response time objective that enables saving more lives. The best results are achieved by the hierarchical median-type model.Conclusions: The resulting distribution of ambulances significantly improves the accessibility of urgent health care to patients.
Oncology Health Care Providers’ Perceptions of the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Oncology Patients
Authors: Chavez Melody Nichole , Marshall Victoria K. , Tyson Dinorah Martinez , Mason Tina M. , Rechenberg Kaitlyn 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose. The COVID-19 pandemic and social isolation measures have had a profound impact on the psychological and mental well-being of people living with cancer. The aim of this study was to explore oncology health care professionals’ (OHCP) perceptions of psychological effects of COVID-19 among people in active cancer treatment. Methods. An exploratory qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of OHCP, who were actively participating and providing care to patients with cancer and undergoing treatment. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded using Atlas.ti v8. Inductive applied thematic analysis techniques were employed to identify emergent themes.Results. A total of 30 OHCP participated in the study with the majority being registered nurses (70%), worked in the outpatient oncology clinic (56.7%) and worked in current position 1- 5 years (53.3%). The overarching themes included: (1) cancer care treatment disrupted due to patients fear of exposure to COVID-19; (2) social distancing restrictions had a negative impact on social support and supportive services exacerbating psychological and physical well-being among oncology patients; (3) pandemic-related stressors lead to overwhelmed coping skills among oncology patients; and (4) OHCP play vital roles in providing emotional support to comfort, reassure and connect oncology patients with their family/friends through technology.Conclusion. Our findings highlight increased psychological distress during the pandemic. Behavioral health interventions for oncology patients should focus within the scope of the “new world of Covid-19” of reduced face to face support and increased online support.
Incubation Period of COVID-19 From 11545 Patients in Observation Study
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Zhang Dongdong , Dang Dejian , Geng Juan , Zhu Peiyu , Yuan Mingzhu , Liang Ruonan , Yang Haiyan , Jin Yuefei , Xie Jing , Chen Shuaiyin , Duan Guangcai 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

The incubation period is a key index of epidemiology in understanding of the spread of infectious diseases and the decision-making of the disease control. However, the incubation period of the emerging COVID-19 is still unclear.
Methods

Between January 19, 2020 and September 21, 2020, we collected information on 11545 patients in Mainland China outside Hubei. The 218 patients with precise data was validation population. The incubation period was fitted with lognormal model by the coarseDataTools package in R.
Results

In 11545 patients, the mean incubation period of COVID-19 was 7.1 days (95% Confidence interval [CI], 7.0–7.2). About 5.4% of patients had precise incubation period less than 3 days, 10.2% longer than 14 days, and 2.1% longer than 21 days. There was no statistically significant difference in incubation period between male and female (P = 0.603). It was similar in the 218 patients. The mean accurate incubation period was 6.8 days (6.2–7.4). Of which, 14.7% (32/218) of patients had incubation period less than 3 days, 12.4% (27/218) longer than 14 days, and 0.9% (2/218) longer than 21 days.
Conclusions

For COVID-19, the mean incubation period is 7.1 days and 10.2% of patients developed disease 14 days after infection, which challenges the current 14-day quarantine strategy.
Spatial and temporal variation of dissolved heavy metals in the Lijiang River China: Implication of rainstorm on drinking water quality
Authors: Deng Liming , Shahab Asfandyar , Xiao He , Li Jieyue , Rad Saeed , Jiang Jinping , Yu Guo , Jiang Pingping , Huang Hongwei , Li Xiangkui , Ahmad Bilal , Siddique Jamil 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Lijiang River is an essential drinking water source and natural scenery in the Guilin City. For the first time, implications of rainstorm were taken into consideration by investigating spatial and temporal variation of dissolved heavy metals (HMs) in the Lijiang River water. A total of 68 water samples were collected during low flow (normal) season and high flow (rainstorm) season from 34 sampling sites. Dissolved HMs including Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sb, and Pb were found to meet the respective drinking water standards, while higher concentration was observed after the rainstorm season, except for Cr. Multivariate statistical analysis showed Co, Cu, Cr, Zn, Sb, and Pb in normal season are mainly controlled by anthropogenic sources. Furthermore, higher concentration of Mn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Co and Zn during the high flow season is attributed to rainstorm. The water quality index (WQI) showed good grades, and comparatively lower in rainstorm season. The results of health risk assessment revealed that HMs in Lijiang River pose limited health risk, however, As poses potential health risk during rainstorm season. It is suggested to adopt preventive measures in mining activities and industrial waste-water discharge at the river’s upstream and downstream.
Elastic Wave Propagation in Nonlinear Two-dimensional Acoustic Metamaterials
Authors: Zhao Cheng , Zhang Kai , Zhao Pengcheng , Deng Zichen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study describes the wave propagation in a periodic lattice which is formed by a spring-mass two-dimensional structure with local Duffing nonlinear resonators. The wave propagation characteristics of the system is evaluated by using the perturbation method and Floquet-Bloch theorem to determine the dispersion relationships and wave propagation characteristics in the nonlinear two-dimensional acoustic metamaterials (2D AM). A quantitative study of wave amplitude is carried out to reveal the limits of the proposed method. In particular, the harmonic balance method is introduced to investigate the frequency response and effective mass of the nonlinear systems. We find that the dispersion relations, group velocity, negative effective mass of unit-cell are related to wave amplitude. Furthermore, the dual wave vector, bifurcation of periodic solutions and chaotic band are observed in the nonlinear systems. The results can be used to tune wave propagation in the nonlinear acoustic metamaterials and provide some ideas for the study of nonlinear metamaterials.
Chinese Residents' Cultural Value and Health： Lifestyle and General Trust As Mediators
Authors: Shangxin Chi , YANG YANG 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundChina is currently in a period of transition, traditional Chinese culture and modern culture gives rise to different interpretations with regard to health. In order to analyze the relationship between cultural values and residents’ health, we examined the current situation of cultural values in China and identified the mediators of Chinese culture value and health.MethodsUsing Chinese data from the 2007 and 2012 World Values Surveys (WVS), we measured the self-rate healthy and culture value, analyzed the relationship between cultural values and health by binary logistic regression, and the regression coefficient is tested to determine whether there is a mediating effect of active lifestyle and general trust. To measure culture value, we use Schwartz's scale In addition, in order to facilitate the comparison of coefficients between Logit models, the "Y * normalization" method is adopted in this paper.ResultsIt was found that, first, the traditional components of Chinese residents’ cultural values remained more prominent than modern ones, although the transformational trend from traditional to modern was obvious. Second, different cultural values had different effects on residents’ health. Specifically, “openness to change” and “collectivism” positively contributed to health, “conservation” was harmful, and “individualism” had no statistically significant effect. To better understand the relationship between cultural values and residents’ health, the specific connotations of each value were examined. Further, the mechanism of cultural values’ effect on health was analyzed. “Lifestyle” was found to play a physiological role in influencing health while “general trust” played a psychological role. ConclusionThe present study identify lifestyle and general trust are the mediators of Chinese culture value and health. Finding indicate that modern culture and transitional culture both have positive influence to health. To improve Chinese residents’ health in the context of cultural transformation, healthier lifestyles should be promoted, greater openness to modern culture should be adopted, essential traditional culture should be maintained, and social trust should be promoted. Further study should consider the two-way causal relationship of cultural values and self-reported health and find more influence trace of the two mentioned former.
High-performance Removal of Anti-inflammatory Using Activated Carbon from Water Treatment Plant Sludge: Fixed-bed and Batch Studies
Authors: Filho Alaor Valério , Tholozan Luana Vaz , Arim Aline Lemos , Almeida André Ricardo Felkl de , ROSA GABRIELA SILVEIRA DA 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Activated carbon from water treatment sludge (WASC) was employed as adsorbent material to remove the anti-inflammatory Nimesulide (NM) from aqueous solutions. NM adsorption was performed in batch and fixed-bed systems, evaluating pH, adsorbent dosage, adsorption kinetics, equilibrium isotherm, continuous adsorption, and simulated effluents. The kinetic data were best fitted to the Elovich model and Intraparticle diffusion reaching the equilibrium at 120 min. Langmuir model presented a better description of the equilibrium data with the maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 274.99 mg g− 1 from NM adsorption by WASC. The adsorbent was tested in two simulated hospital effluents and proved to be an excellent adsorbent for removing NM from an aqueous solution with the presence of salts, sugars, and other inorganics. Finally, WASC was applied in fixed-bed NM adsorption obtaining the adsorption capacity of 217.28 mg g− 1.
Stories of Loss and Healing: Connecting Non-Economic Losses and Damages with Gendered Wellbeing Erosion in the Asia-Pacific Region
Authors: Ayeb-Karlsson Sonja , Chandra Alvin , McNamara Karen E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
It is well-known that the climatic impacts affect women and men differently. However, more empirical evidence illustrating how, where, when and who are needed to help address gendered vulnerability. Specifically, research investigating the connections between mental health, wellbeing, and climate change can foster responses to avert, minimise and address loss and damage impacts on vulnerable populations. Few studies explore climate-induced mental health impacts, although this is a crucial area for the conceptual framing of non-economic loss and damage. Declining mental health and wellbeing is at the core of non-economic losses taking place all over the world. The existing literature body recognises the disproportionate environmental impacts on women, this study explores non-economic loss related to mental health and wellbeing for women in the Global South. The article uses empirical storytelling and narratives gathered through field work conducted in Bangladesh, Fiji and Vanuatu. The research findings described how climate change risks and extreme weather events negatively impacts women’s mental health and wellbeing, while providing proactive recommendations to address the gendered mental health consequences of climate change.
Targeted Inhibition of FGF19/FGFR Cascade Improves Anti-Tumor Immunity and Response Rate in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Tai David Wai Meng , Le Thi Bich Uyen , Prawira Aldo , Ho Rebecca Zhi Wen , Huynh Hung 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver cancer globally, claiming nearly 1 million lives each year. Overexpression of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors (FGFRs) signaling cascade has been shown to contribute to tumorigenesis, metastasis, and poor prognosis in HCC. Therefore, targeted inhibition of the FGF/FGFR cascade may represent a new treatment strategy for HCC patients.
Methods
HCC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models were implanted into either severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) or CD34 + hu-NSG (humanized) mice and subsequently treated with vehicle, infigratinib (FGFR1-3 inhibitor), FGF401 (FGFR4 inhibitor), or the combination of infigratinib and FGF401. Tumor progressions, overall survival of mice, lung metastasis, and drug resistance were monitored, and samples collected at the end of the treatment cycle were subjected to Western blot analyses and immunohistochemistry.
Results
HCC PDX models expressing high levels of FGF19/FGFR4 or FGFR2/3 showed favorable initial treatment response to FGF401 and infigratinib, respectively. However, progressive disease due to acquired resistance was observed. Combination infigratinib/FGF401 augmented the antitumor activity, response rate, and overall survival of mice. This combination significantly increased the infiltration of B-cells, macrophages, CD8 + T-cells, and CD4 + T-cells associated with granzyme-B mediated apoptosis, delayed onset of resistance, and inhibited metastasis by potently inhibiting several critical signaling pathways involved in proliferation and metastasis.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that HCC patients with high FGFR2/3 or FGF19/FGFR4 expressing tumors might benefit from a combination infigratinib/FGF401, thus supporting its evaluation in clinical trials.
Genetic Variation and Association Mapping in the F2 Population of the Perilla Crop (Perilla Frutescens L.) using new Developed Perilla SSR Markers
Authors: Kim Ju Keon , Sa Kyu Jin , Ha Ye Ju , Lee Ju Kyong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The transcriptome sequencing approach RNA-seq represents a powerful tool for transcriptional analysis and development of SSR markers for nonmodel crop. In the Perilla crop, analysis of the distribution of different repeat motifs showed that dinucleotide repeats were the most abundant (62.0%) type, followed by trinucleotide repeats (35.3%), with the two together comprising 97.3% of the eSSR repeats. In this study, we developed 39 new SSR primer sets by the transcriptome sequencing approach RNA-sEq. A total of 130 alleles were detected segregating in nine Perilla accessions with an average of 3.3 alleles per locus, ranging from 125 to 360 bp. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to six. To detect SSR markers associated with morphological characteristics of Perilla crop, a total of 40 individuals from the F2 population of Perilla were selected for association analysis based on their leaf- and plant-related characteristics. In an association analysis of 37 SSR markers and 9 leaf- and plant-related traits in the 40 individuals of the F2 population, we identified 12 and 11 SSR markers associated with leaf-related traits and plant-related traits, respectively. Therefore, the new Perilla SSR primers described in this study could be helpful in identifying genetic diversity and genetic mapping, designating important genes/QTLs for Perilla crop breeding programs, and allowing Perilla breeders to improve leaf and plant quality through marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding programs.
Clinical Study To Evaluate The Outcome Of Primary AGV Implantation In Angle Recession Glaucoma Following Blunt Ocular Trauma In Indian Eyes
Authors: Kaushik Jaya , Parihar Jitendra Kumar Singh , Singh Ankita , Chaitanya VYK , Shetty Rakesh , Jain Vaibhav Kumar , Mathur Vijay , Singhal Aanchal 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose—To Highlight The Efficacy Of Primary AGV Implantation In Angle Recession Glaucoma Following Blunt Ocular Trauma In Indian Eyes.Design- A retrospective analytical studyMaterials & Methods— This study included 52 patients of angle recession glaucoma, who presented between Mar 2006 to Feb 2016, out of which 38 patients had undergone primary AGV implantation while the rest were managed with topical anti-glaucoma medications. Preoperative data included age, sex, type & mode of injury, duration of injury, assessment of BCVA and IOP. Extent of angle recession was observed by gonioscopy. The intraocular pressure, visual acuity and number of anti-glaucoma medications were measured postoperatively. The success of this technique was analyzed by using a Kaplan-Meier cumulative survival curve.Results—Following AGV implantation the mean IOP was significantly reduced to 8.7±2.2 at 1st day, 10.1±2.2 at 7th day, 14.2±3.4 at 3rd month, 15.6±3.7 at 1 year and 15.6±3.6 at 3rd year follow-up showing statistically significant values (p<0.001) at each visit. The IOP was successfully controlled at last follow up without topical treatment. Mean BCVA at 3 year post AGV was 0.41±1.5 (logMAR) which was statistically significant (p<0.001).The success rate by Kaplan- Meier survival curve analysis was 90% at the mean follow up duration of 29.47±3.39 months. Overall surgical complications were noted in the form of prolonged hypotony, hyphema in 7 patients (13.5%).Conclusions—In medically uncontrolled post-traumatic angle recession glaucoma Primary AGV Implantation is a safe and effective surgical procedure with lesser complication rates providing long term IOP control in younger population .
Growth and Body Composition in PKU Children—A 3 Year Prospective Study Comparing the Effects of L-Amino Acid to Glycomacropeptide Protein Substitutes
Authors: Daly Anne , Hogler Wolfgang , Crabtree Nicola , Shaw Nick , Evans Sharon , Pinto Alex , Jackson Richard , Strauss Boyd , Wilcox Gisela , Rocha Julio C , Ashmore Catherine , MacDonald Anita 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Protein quality and quantity are important factors in determining lean body (muscle) mass (LBM). In phenylketonuria (PKU), protein substitutes provide most of the nitrogen either as amino acids (AA) or glycomacropeptide (CGMP-AA). Body composition and growth are important indicators of long-term health. In a 3-year prospective study comparing the impact of AA and CGMP AA on body composition and growth in PKU, 48 children were recruited. N=19, (median age 11.1y, range 5-15y) took AA only, n=16 (median age 7.3y, range 5-15y) took a combination of CGMP-AA and AA (CGMP50), and 13 children (median age 9.2y, range 5-16y) took CGMP-AA only (CGMP100). A dual energy X ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan at enrolment and 36 months measured LBM, % body fat (%BF) and fat mass (FM). Height was measured at enrolment, 12, 24 and 36 months. Results: No correlation or statistically significant differences were found between the three groups for LBM, FM and height compared with age, gender, puberty or phenylalanine blood concentrations. The change in height z scores: AA 0, CGMP50 +0.4 and CGMP100 +0.7 showed a trend that children in the CGMP100 group were taller, had improved LBM with decreased FM and % BF but this was not statistically significant. Conclusion: There appeared to be no advantage of AA compared to CGMP-AA protein substitutes on body composition after 3 years follow up of usage. Although statistical differences were not reached, a trend towards improved body composition was observed with CGMP when it provided the entire protein substitute requirement.Trial registry: IRAS 129497 (13/WM/10435) registered 10th November 2013 (hppt// www.hra.nhs)
Inequalities in the reproductive health knowledge and practices of unmarried adolescent boys and girls in Eastern India: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Sharma Shantanu , Maheshwari Sonali , Kuwatada Jitesh , Shekhar Chandra , Mehra Sunil 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Adolescents lack adequate knowledge, self-efficacy, and access to sexual and reproductive health services; thereby, predisposing them to sexual violence, sexually transmitted infections, early marriage, and high fertility rates. Socio-economic inequalities fuel such problems, but we have limited evidence from some of the least developed states of Eastern India. Therefore, we aimed to assess the inequalities in the reproductive health knowledge and practices of unmarried adolescents (10-19 years) from marginalized populations in one district each from the state of Bihar and Assam in India.Methods: It was a community-based cross-sectional study with a quantitative research methodology. In our study, we captured data on five domains related to reproductive health, including knowledge about HIV/AIDS, and contraceptives, awareness and perceptions related to right age at marriage, general self-efficacy, menstrual hygiene practices among girls, and access to health services for reproductive health problems; besides socio-demographic details. We performed a 2-step cluster analysis to gain insights into the patterns of reproductive health knowledge and self-efficacy among unmarried adolescent boys and girls, separately. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the predictors associated with the cluster membership determined through cluster analysis.Results: A total of 811 boys and 826 girls participated in the study. Three-clusters were identified for boys and girls in the analysis, varying from high to low knowledge and self-efficacy for boys, and high to low knowledge with constant low self-efficacy in all the three clusters for girls. Higher educational status and increasing age were positively associated with the high knowledge clusters among boys and girls. Additionally, marginalized social class and working status were associated with higher knowledge cluster in girls.Conclusions: We emphasize on the need of comprehensive (covering a broad range of reproductive health issues, such as child marriage, contraceptives, HIV/AIDS, menstrual hygiene, etc.), contextualized (relevant for adolescents in the least developed states like Bihar), and customized (tailored for different cultures and religions through appropriate means) sexual and reproductive health education for adolescents.