bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical-Laboratory Effectiveness of Immune-Replacement Therapy of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome
Authors: Nikolaeva I. V. , Mikhailova O. S. , Tkacheva S. V. , Isaeva G. Sh. , Reshetnikova I. D. , Ziatdinov V. B. , Aleshkin V. A. , Lyutov A. G. 
Published: February 2021

Currently, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) remains the most common natural focal disease of viral etiology in the Russian Federation. Effective antiviral drugs have not yet been developed. Pathogenetic and symptomatic drugs are mainly used in the treatment of HFRS.The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical and laboratory effectiveness of intravenous gabriglobin in the treatment of moderate forms of HFRS.Materials and methods. The study included 22 patients with a diagnosis “HFRS of moderate severity” in the febrile stage of the disease. In the febrile period of HFRS, patients of the main group (n=10) were given gabriglobin via intravenous route at a dose of 0.1 g/kg per day along with pathogenetic therapy. The course of treatment was 2–3 infusions. The control group (n=12) received only pathogenetic therapy.Results and conclusions. As a result of the studies, the clinical and laboratory efficacy of intravenous administration of gabriglobin in the treatment of patients with moderate-grade HFRS was revealed, which was manifested by a decrease in the duration of the febrile period by 2.1 days, the severity of oliguria and a decrease in the duration of thrombocytopenia by 3.5 days compared with the group of patients receiving only pathogenetic therapy.
Tide-dominated deltas responding to high-frequency sea-level changes, Pre-Messinian Rifian Corridor, Morocco
Authors: Beelen Daan , Wood Lesli , Zaghloul Mohamed Najib , Haissen Faouziya , Arts Michiel , Ouahbi Ismail , Redouane Meryem , Cardona Sebastian 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTThe Rifian Corridor was an ancient sea strait that connected the Mediterranean Sea with the Atlantic Ocean during the Miocene. Key outcrop exposures of this corridor's sedimentary fill are exposed at the Ben Allou, El Adergha, and Driouate localities, in the Fez–Meknes region, Morocco. These display cyclic successions that formed immediately before the disappearance of the Rifian Corridor, and the associated isolation and desiccation of the Mediterranean Sea. Sedimentary cycles at Ben Allou consist of: facies 1, Organic-matter-bearing blue claystones; facies 2, gray marlstones intercalated with turbidites; and facies 3, yellow-brown, coarse-grained calcarenites. Based on their coarse grain size, presence of reactivation surfaces, bidirectional current structures, and mud drapes as well as microfossil, macrofossil and trace fossil assemblages, we interpret the calcarenites (facies 3) as prograding, strait-adjacent tide-dominated deltas transitioning from large subtidal compound dunes to intertidal sand sheets that are composed mostly of authigenic carbonate sediment. The two fine-grained facies were deposited in deeper prodelta (facies 2) and shelfal (facies 1) environments, as shown by our combined sedimentological and paleontological evidence. Cross-sectional channel geometries provide a means for reconstructing the delta's paleo–tidal range, suggesting that it was macrotidal, and likely amplified by the paleogeometry of the Southern Rifian Corridor, to at least 4.2 m. The cyclic succession of corridor fill exposed here likely is the result of three, roughly 70 m fluctuations of eustatic rise and subsequent fall, possibly linked to ∼ 100,000-year glacial–interglacial climate fluctuations. Broadly similar, contemporaneous sedimentary successions from the outcrop at El Adergha, 40 km east of Ben Allou, show that these sea-level variations affected a wide range of the Corridor, while rocks at the locality of Driouate, 9 km south of Ben Allou, show evidence for lagoonal environments on the landward side of the corridor, which were subject to periodic marine regressions and floodings. These results are reinterpretations of previous work on these sediments, with implications for depositional processes in the Rifian Corridor, Miocene paleoclimate, and the Messinian salinity crisis.
Competing risk between in-hospital mortality and recovery: An application of DeepHit on COVID-19 clinical data
Authors: M.K. Lintu , Kamath Asha 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundUnexplained pneumonia appeared in Wuhan was soon determined to be a novel coronavirus disease, referred to as COVID-19. On March 11, 2020, WHO characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic. A plethora of studies on this pandemic is being carried out using various statistical and mathematical models. Though most of them are focusing on building predictive models, concentrating on the length of hospital stay can improve decision making and treatment plans. While modeling the length of stay, possible outcomes observed are either discharge or mortality.ObjectiveThe study aimed to analyse the survival data of COVID-19 patients with the competing risk methodology.MethodologyThe performance DeepHit, a deep learning-based competing risk model is compared with Fine-Gray, a traditional statistical model using a time-dependent concordance index. ResultsThe deep learning-based competing risk model outperformed the statistical model in terms of discriminative power.ConclusionModeling the duration of recovery and death provides valuable information for health officials to design proper strategies during the outbreak. These outcomes should be considered as competing events to model the data adequately.
Effect of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors on the levels of serum asprosin in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Jiang Aijun , Feng Zhanrong , Yuan Lu , Zhang Ying , Li Qian , She Yuqing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Asprosin, a novel adipokine that raises glucose levels and stimulates appetite, has been proved to be pathologically increased in populations predisposed to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. The mechanisms of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for hypoglycemic effect and cardiovascular protection have not been fully clarified. Therefore, we conducted this study to assess change in the levels of serum asprosin after treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM.Methods: This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. A total of 29 participants with newly diagnosed T2DM with body mass index (BMI)≥23.0 kg/m² and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels of 58~85 mmol/mol (7.5%~10%) were randomized to SGLT2 inhibitors dapagliflozin 10 mg/d (n=19) or placebo (n=10) treatment for 24 weeks. We analyzed asprosin concentrations by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Besides, body weight, BMI, HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and lipid levels were measured at baseline and 24 weeks. Results: At 24 weeks, participants with SGLT2 inhibitors treatment exhibited lower levels of serum asprosin (22.87 vs 45.06 ng/ml in the placebo group; P<0.001) after adjusting for baseline values. The levels of body weight, BMI, HbA1c, FPG, and triglyceride (TG) were decreased, while high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) was increased after SGLT2 inhibitors dapagliflozin treatment compared with placebo (P< 0.05 for all). Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) levels were unchanged in the SGLT2 inhibitors group and placebo group. No statistical correlation was found between the levels of serum asprosin and body weight, BMI, HbA1c, FPG, and lipid levels during the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin treatment.Conclusions: These findings indicated that SGLT2 inhibitors can lower serum asprosin levels and improve glucolipid and weight in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM, which may benefit the cardiovascular system.Trial registration: CTR20131268 Registered 20 March 2014 CTR20150102 Registered 03 March 2015 http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn/clinicaltrials.searchlistdetail.dhtml
Depicting developing trend and core knowledge of hip fracture research: a bibliometric and visualized analysis
Authors: Peng Guan Rong , Guan Zhen Hua , Hou Yun Fei , Gao Jia Xiang , Rao Wen Qun , Yuan Xian Yun , Guo Jiu Sheng , Huang Xiao Hua , Zhong Zhangrong , Lin Jian Hao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Hip fracture is common and carries high morbidity and mortality; thus, it has become a vital concern. We aim to analyse the present status, worldwide trends in hip fracture, and state of clinical research.Methods: Publications from 2000 to 2019 were retrieved from the Web of Science database and analysed using a bibliometric methodology. VOSviewer software was utilised for analysis.Results: In total, 6,139 publications were included, and publications increased annually from 152 in 2000 to 592 in 2019. U.S. researchers have produced the most publications, the highest H-index, and the greatest number of citations. Osteoporosis International has published the most papers on the topic. Leading researchers, contributing institutions, their cooperative relationships, and scientific masterpieces have been identified. The publications can be divided into five clusters: "mortality", "surgical management", “rehabilitation”, “osteoporosis” and "epidemiology". A clear developing trend was described, which began with fracture epidemiology and prevention, transitioned to perioperative management, orthogeriatric care and patient safety, and then to functional recovery, disease burden, and national audits in recent times.Conclusions: Hip fractures result in conditions that extend far beyond orthopaedics concerning epidemiology and preventive medicine, internal medicine and endocrinology, as well as critical care and gerontology. Interest, research, and publications are on the rise.
Curcumin and its analog alleviate diabetes-induced damages by regulating inflammation and oxidative stress in brain of diabetic rats​
Authors: Miao Chengfeng , Chen Hanbin , Li Yulian , Guo Ying , Xu Feifei , Chen Qi , Zhang Yanyan , Hu Mengjun , Chen Guorong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Diabetic encephalopathy is a severe diabetes complication with cognitive dysfunction and neuropsychiatric disability. The mechanisms underlying diabetic encephalopathy is believed to be relevant with oxidative stress, vascular amylin deposition, immune receptors, inflammation, etc. This study wanted to evaluate the ability of curcumin and its analog A13 to alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetes-induced damages in brain. Methods: Sixty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups: normal control (NC) group, diabetes mellitus (DM) group, curcumin-treated diabetes mellitus (CUR) group, high dose of A13-treated diabetes mellitus (HA) group, low dose of A13-treated diabetes mellitus (LA) group. Activation of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB p65) pathway was detected by RT-qPCR, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and Western blot; oxidative stress was detected by biochemical detection kit; brain tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining and Myelin staining. Results: RT-qPCR, IHC staining and Western blot showed that curcumin and A13 treatment could inhibit the NF-κB p65 pathway. Curcumin and A13 increased the activity of superoxide dismutase and decreased the malondialdehyde level in the brain of diabetic rats. Furthermore, HE staining and Myelin staining demonstrated that the histological lesions of the brain in diabetic rats could be significantly ameliorated by curcumin and A13.Conclusion: Curcumin analog A13 could alleviate the damages in the brain of diabetes rats by regulating the pathways of inflammation and oxidative stress. A13 may be a new potential therapeutic agent for diabetic encephalopathy.
GCKR Common functional polymorphisms are associated with metabolic syndrome and its components: a 10-year retrospective cohort study in Iranian adults
Authors: Zahedi Asiyeh Sadat , Akbarzadeh Mahdi , Sedaghati-khayat Bahareh , Seyedhamzehzadeh Atefeh , Daneshpour Maryam S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Previous studies reported that common functional variants (rs780093, rs780094, and rs1260326) in the glucokinase regulator gene (GCKR) were associated with metabolic syndrome despite the simultaneous association with the favorable and unfavorable metabolic syndrome components. We decided to evaluate these findings in a cohort study with a large sample size of Iranian adult subjects, to our knowledge for the first time. We investigated the association of the GCKR variants with incident MetS in mean follow-up times for nearly ten years.Methods: Analysis of this retrospective cohort study was performed among 5666 participants of the Tehran Cardiometabolic Genetics Study (TCGS) at 19-88 years at baseline. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the metabolic syndrome (JIS criteria) association and its components with rs780093, rs780094, and rs1260326 in an additive genetic model. Cox regression was carried out to peruse variants' association with the incidence of metabolic syndrome in the TCGS cohort study.Results: In the current study, we have consistently replicated the association of the GCKR SNPs with higher triglyceride and lower fasting blood sugar levels (p<0.05) in Iranian adults. The CT genotype of the variants was associated with lower HDL-C levels. The proportional Cox adjusted model regression resulted that TT carriers of rs780094, rs780093, and rs1260326 were associated with 20%, 23%, and 21% excess risk metabolic syndrome incidence, respectively (p<0.05).Conclusions: Elevated triglyceride levels had the strongest association with GCKR selected variants among the metabolic syndrome components. Despite the association of these variants with decreased fasting blood sugar levels, T alleles of the variants were associated with metabolic syndrome incidence; so whether individuals are T allele carriers of the common functional variants, they have a risk factor for the future incidence of metabolic syndrome.
Susceptibility to smoking and associated factors among the youth in central and eastern European countries.
Authors: Polanska Kinga , Znyk Malgorzata , Kaleta Dorota 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Tobacco use among young people still remains a major public health problem. The aim of this study was to examine the association between a variety of factors and susceptibility to smoking initiation and experimentation among the youth from central and eastern European countries.
Methods

The data used in the current analysis, focusing on current non-smokers, is available from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey, which was performed in five countries (the Czech Republic (2016), n = 3191; Slovakia (2016), n = 3178; Slovenia (2017), n = 2255; Romania (2017), n = 4681; Lithuania (2018), n = 2260).
Results

Among the never smokers, nearly a quarter of the students were susceptible to smoking in 4 of 5 countries (16% of those susceptible to smoking were identified in Romania). Moreover, 60% of the students in the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Slovenia, and about 50% of the students in Lithuania and Romania were found to be vulnerable to smoking experimentation (an analysis among ever smokers). The multiple regression models provided results that are consistent among all the examined countries, with the following factors identified as significant correlates of smoking initiation and experimentation: being girls, having more money available for own expenses, experiencing exposure to passive smoking in public places, as well as indicating peer smoking. Moreover, adolescents who have declared lack of antismoking education and knowledge on harmful effects of passive smoking, those who saw people using tobacco on TV, in videos or in movies as well as advertising of tobacco products at point of sales were susceptible to smoking. Finally, the students who shared an opinion that smoking helped people feel more comfortable at celebrations, parties or in other social gatherings were at higher risk of smoking susceptibility.
Conclusions

A high proportion of the youth from central and eastern European countries is susceptible to smoking. Personal and social factors and those related to educational and policy issues were strongly and consistently correlated with smoking susceptibility. These factors should be considered when designing and implementing anti-smoking activities among young people.
Controlled activation of cortical astrocytes can reverse neuropathic chronic pain
Authors: Takeda Ikuko , Yoshihara Kohei , Cheung Dennis , Agetsuma Masakazu , Tsuda Makoto , Eto Kei , Moorhouse Andrew , Nabekura Junichi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Chronic pain is a major public health problem that currently lacks effective treatment options. Here, we report a novel combination therapy that can effectively reverse chronic pain induced by nerve injury in mice. By combing transient nerve block to inhibit noxious afferent input from injured peripheral nerves, with transient concurrent activation of astrocytes in the somatosensory cortex (S1) by either transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) or via the chemogenetic DREADD system, we could reverse allodynia previously established by partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSL). Activation of astrocytes initiated spine plasticity to reduce synapses formed shortly after PSL. The cure from allodynia persisted long after ceasing active treatment. Thus, our study represents the first report of a robust, readily translatable approach for treating chronic pain that capitalizes on the causative interplay between noxious afferents, sensitized central neuronal circuits and astrocytic-activation induced plasticity.
Direct Comparisons of Efficacy and Safety Between Actinomycin-D and Methotrexate in Women With Low-Risk Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hao Jiatao , Zhou Weihua , Zhang Mengzhao , Yu Hui , Zhang Taohong , Xue Yan , An Ruifang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Actinomycin-D (Act-D) and Methotrexate (MTX) are both effective first-line agents for low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (LRGTN) with no consensus regarding which is more effective or less toxic. The primary objective of this meta-analysis is to compare Act-D with MTX in the treatment of LRGTN.Methods: We systematically searched electronic databases, conferences abstracts and trial registries for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and high-quality non-randamized controlled trials (non-RCTs), comparing Act-D with MTX for patients with LRGTN. Studies were full-text screened for quality assessment and data extraction. Eligible studies must have reported complete remission rate. A fixed-effects meta-analysis was conducted to quantify the efficacy and safety of Act-D and MTX on odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs), respectively.Results: A total of 8 RCTs and 9 non-RCTs (1674 patients) were included. In terms of efficacy, Act-D is superior to MTX in complete remission (OR 2.15, 95%CI 1.70 to 2.73). In the stratified analysis, patients from RCTs and non-RCTs both had a better CR from Act-D-based regimen (RCTs: OR 2.17, 95%CI 1.49 to 3.16; non-RCTs: OR 2.14, 95%CI 1.57 to 2.92). In terms of safety, patients receiving Act-D had higher risks of suffering nausea (OR 2.35, 95%CI 1.68 to 3.27), vomiting (OR 2.40, 95%CI 1.63 to 3.54), and alopecia (OR 2.76, 95%CI 1.60 to 4.75). Notably, liver toxicity (OR 0.38, 95%CI 0.19 to 0.76) was the only one that was conformed to have a higher risk for patients receiving MTX. In addition, the pooled results showed no significant difference of anaemia, leucocytopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopnia, constipation, diarrhea, anorexia, and fatigue between Act-D and MTX.Conclusions: Our meta-analysis suggests that Act-D had better efficacy profile in general, and MTX had less toxicities in LRGTN. Future clinical trials should be better orchestrated to provide more valid data on efficacy and toxicity.
A Super-Potent Tetramerized ACE2 Protein Displays Enhanced Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Virus Infection
Authors: Miller Ami , Leach Adam , Thomas Jemima , Bentley Emma , Mattiuzzo Giada , John Lijo , Mirazimi Ali , Harris Gemma , Gamage Nadisha Nadisha , Carr Stephen , Ali Hanif , Montfort Rob Van , Rabbitts Terence , McAndrew Craig 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Approaches are needed for therapy of the severe acute respiratory syndrome from SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19). Interfering with the interaction of viral antigens with the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor is a promising strategy by blocking the infection of the coronaviruses into human cells. We have implemented a novel protein engineering technology to produce a super-potent tetravalent form of ACE2, coupled to the human immunoglobulin g1 Fc region, using a self-assembling, tetramerization domain from p53 protein. This high molecular weight Quad protein (ACE2-Fc-TD) retains binding to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding spike protein and can form a complex with the spike protein plus anti-viral antibodies. The ACE2-Fc-TD acts as a powerful decoy protein that out-performs soluble monomeric and dimeric ACE2 proteins and blocks both SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus and SARS-CoV-2 virus infection with greatly enhanced efficacy. The ACE2 tetrameric protein complex promise to be important for development as decoy therapeutic proteins against COVID-19. In contrast to monoclonal antibodies, ACE2 decoy is unlikely to be affected by mutations in SARS-CoV-2 that are beginning to appear in variant forms. In addition, ACE2 multimeric proteins will be available as therapeutic proteins should new coronaviruses appear in the future because these are likely to interact with ACE2 receptor.